https://scispace.com/papers/parallel-qr-factorization-of-block-tridiagonal-matrices-1500jw5t01 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-structure-of-the-frontal-matrix-associated-with-hid4w0h2.png Fig. 6. The structure of the frontal matrix associated with chain node k at the beginning of the node reduction (left), after the first two steps GE(B7k+1,k), TP (B 1 k,k, B 1 k+1,k) (middle)and at the end of the node reduction (right). The dashed line shows the difference between inner and outer chain nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-blocks-concerned-by-the-operations-at-separator-gt3hya68.png Fig. 10. The blocks concerned by the operations at separator node (s1, s2). Their structure before and after the processing of the node are shown in the left and right parts of the figure, respectively. The dashed line shows the difference between inner and outer separator nodes. The dotted line delimits the rows and columns of the tree root node. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-on-the-left-a-block-tridiagonal-matrix-with-c-30-2e6oocbl.png Fig. 4. On the left, a block-tridiagonal matrix with c = 30 permuted using two levels of nested dissection as in Figure 3. Note that, for the sake of illustration, block-columns are permuted in the same way as block-rows although this need not be the case in practice. The numbers on the right of the matrix describe the index of each block-row in the original, unpermuted matrix; the same list of indices applies to block-columns. On the right, the structure of R after the factorization; blocks with a dark fill color correspond to nonzero blocks in A; bordered blocks with a lighter fill color correspond to unavoidable fill blocks (i.e., those associated with horizontal edges in Figure 3); bordered blocks with no fill color correspond to those that are due to the chosen pivotal order. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-execution-time-in-seconds-for-the-qr-factorization-28prwdzl.png Table 3 Execution time, in seconds, for the QR factorization of a problem with m = 640, n = 320 and c = 4094 with tile size b = 160 (top) and b = 320 (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-compressed-graph-for-the-normal-equation-matrix-b-ata-td5cs24e.png Fig. 2. Compressed graph for the normal equation matrix B = ATA. The label inside nodes show the unknown number which, in this case, corresponds to the order in which unknowns are eliminated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-effect-of-one-and-two-levels-of-nested-dissection-updewck8.png Fig. 3. The effect of one and two levels of nested dissection on the compressed graph of the normal equation matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-showing-the-use-of-the-notation-used-to-1u7siw2k.png Fig. 5. Example showing the use of the notation used to describe pivotal sequences. The data modified at each step are shown with a fill pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-relative-number-of-floating-point-operations-top-and-2cui62cd.png Fig. 7. Relative number of floating point operations (top) and memory consumption (middle) with respect to no nested dissection based permutation. Relative number of floating point operations performed in chain of leaf nodes with respect to the total (bottom). m = 2n is assumed for all. https://scispace.com/papers/parallelization-of-plane-sweep-based-voronoi-construction-4en2fza201 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sequential-vs-openmp-timings-1ym07p9u.png Fig. 3. Sequential vs OpenMP timings https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-voronoi-diagram-39vznr0t.png Fig. 1. Voronoi Diagram https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-snapshot-of-the-algorithm-showing-circle-events-a-1wzp3lej.png Fig. 2. A snapshot of the algorithm showing circle events, a vertical sweep line and beachline made up of arcs. (Best viewed in color) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-timings-of-running-the-code-in-sequential-and-with-g5ivh9gu.png TABLE I Timings of Running the Code in Sequential and With OpenMP https://scispace.com/papers/parallel-solution-of-large-scale-dynamic-optimization-5xixergvvc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-case-study-timing-results-the-top-figure-shows-2ze8dczd.png Figure 1: Case Study Timing Results: The top figure shows speedup results for different numbers of processors and state variables, while the bottom figure shows the ratio of the time to solve the Schur-complement over the time to form the Schur-complement. https://scispace.com/papers/parallel-subgraph-counting-for-multicore-architectures-qjr73s8q3j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-set-of-seven-different-representative-real-2z3es9ua.png Table I THE SET OF SEVEN DIFFERENT REPRESENTATIVE REAL NETWORKS USED ON PARALLEL PERFORMANCE TESTING. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-subgraph-counting-output-with-detailed-btuq0v1x.png Figure 1. An example subgraph counting output, with detailed subgraph occurrences. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-g-trie-representing-a-set-of-6-undirected-u55jzo0z.png Figure 2. A g-trie representing a set of 6 undirected subgraphs. Each g-trie node adds a new vertex (in black) to the already existing ones in the ancestor nodes (white vertices). Clauses of the form X < Y indicate symmetry breaking conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-algorithm-for-computing-the-frequency-of-subgraphs-20rzejnh.png Figure 3. Algorithm for computing the frequency of subgraphs of g-trie T in graph G. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-parallel-algorithm-for-computing-the-frequency-of-oius4ld9.png Figure 4. Parallel algorithm for computing the frequency of subgraphs of g-trie T in graph G. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-constructed-work-tree-of-a-thread-q-and-its-1vqsw1f5.png Figure 5. The constructed work tree of a thread Q and its division by diagonal splitting when a work request is received from thread P . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-algorithm-for-resuming-work-after-sharing-is-18dzj8ue.png Figure 6. Algorithm for resuming work after sharing is performed. https://scispace.com/papers/parallelism-versus-memory-allocation-in-pipelined-router-45wg8ppk5r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-weights-of-three-types-2zsp76u2.png Fig. 4. Weights of three types. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-packing-p-o3su4ez6.png Fig. 5. A packing P . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-graph-g-q-v8vx3y7f.png Fig. 8. The graph G Q . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-graph-g-p-37v5jvvq.png Fig. 6. The graph G P . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-another-packing-q-23axn3j1.png Fig. 7. Another packing Q. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-models-1-and-2-have-problems-strictly-partitioned-3jvutd5j.png Fig. 1. Models 1 and 2 have problems: strictly partitioned memories have poor memory sharing while a single shared memory has poor contention. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-model-3-allowing-memory-sharing-by-connecting-a-large-2pdjejqf.png Fig. 2. Model 3: allowing memory sharing by connecting a large number of one-ported memory banks to the set of n processors via a partial crossbar. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-our-final-model-allowing-memory-sharing-by-connecting-1910v0fz.png Fig. 3. Our final model: allowing memory sharing by connecting a small number of two-ported memory banks to the set of n processors via a partial crossbar. https://scispace.com/papers/parallelization-of-reordering-algorithms-for-bandwidth-and-1eedn2jtdm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-cuthill-mckee-261dd3bm.png Fig. 1. Example of Cuthill-McKee https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-type-dimension-n-and-number-of-non-zeros-nnz-of-the-38rxmab4.png TABLE I TYPE, DIMENSION (N) AND NUMBER OF NON-ZEROS (NNZ) OF THE SPARSE MATRICES SELECTED FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA SPARSE MATRIX COLLECTION. SPD: SYMMETRIC POSITIVE DEFINITE, SYM: SYMMETRIC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relationship-between-the-number-of-caches-misses-in-l2-3tzor4p1.png Fig. 3. Relationship between the number of caches misses in L2 and the benefit in SpMV running time. Cache misses and SpMV times for the reorderings are presented in relation to the ones obtained with natural ordering. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-hsl-execution-times-in-seconds-2rc6ar3t.png TABLE IV HSL EXECUTION TIMES IN SECONDS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-bandwidth-metrics-for-the-different-algorithms-best-3mxrjigv.png TABLE II BANDWIDTH METRICS FOR THE DIFFERENT ALGORITHMS. BEST RESULTS APPEAR IN BOLD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-rms-wavefront-metrics-for-the-different-algorithms-1zhvg00w.png TABLE III RMS WAVEFRONT METRICS FOR THE DIFFERENT ALGORITHMS. BEST RESULTS APPEAR IN BOLD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-overall-speedup-using-16-threads-versus-hsl-of-1ci65m9h.png TABLE V OVERALL SPEEDUP USING 16 THREADS VERSUS HSL OF PSEUDODIAMETER AND REORDERING COMPUTATIONS AND RELATIVE QUALITY. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-time-for-reordering-and-performing-100-iterations-2ulyvqnz.png TABLE VI TIME FOR REORDERING AND PERFORMING 100 ITERATIONS OF SPARSE MATRIX-VECTOR MULTIPLY WITH 16 THREADS. TIMES IN SECONDS. BREAKEVEN ITERATIONS IS THE NUMBER OF ITERATIONS FOR TIME WITH REORDERING TO SURPASS NO REORDERING (I.E., NATURAL). https://scispace.com/papers/parallelizing-natural-language-techniques-for-knowledge-3cx1exwmdo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-iteration-where-a-sentence-is-converted-2lcud4d1.png Figure 2. An example iteration where a sentence is converted to a tree structure and then to a RDF statement using Pattern Matching. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-pattern-based-rules-for-our-extractor-2ds1r6e8.png Table I PATTERN BASED RULES FOR OUR EXTRACTOR https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-required-to-create-knowledge-base-with-2469yxxd.png Figure 3. Time required to create knowledge base with different number of documents for the single threaded, 2 node cluster and 4 node cluster. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-architecture-diagram-12w5ffy9.png Figure 1. Architecture Diagram. https://scispace.com/papers/paramagnetic-shimming-for-wide-range-variable-field-nmr-19if3syxg1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-result-of-squid-measurements-of-dy2o3-showing-field-275yj3jj.png Fig. 5. A result of SQUID measurements of Dy2O3 showing field (B) dependence of the magnetic flux. The mass susceptibility χg is given by the slope of the solid line obtained by least-square fitting to be 3.09 mm3g−1. The coefficient of determination was 0.99999513 (1-4.87×10−6) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-snapshot-of-the-probehead-composed-of-a-tuned-saddle-f80i3rp2.png Fig. 6. A snapshot of the probehead composed of a tuned saddle coil and a pair of paramagnetic pellets. Their vertical positions can be adjusted independently. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-calculated-field-profiles-with-solid-line-and-without-33ioti4e.png Fig. 3. Calculated field profiles with (solid line) and without (broken line) the shim pellets for R = 9.00 mm, d = 8.63 mm, t = 6.30 mm, and χv = 0.0139. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-configuration-of-a-pair-of-paramagnetic-shim-pellets-2kbncery.png Fig. 2. A configuration of a pair of paramagnetic shim pellets with a radius R and a thickness t. d is the distance between the inner face of the pellets and the origin (z = 0). χv represents the volume magnetic susceptibility. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-7li-87rb-and-45sc-spectra-obtained-using-the-3rn7ewt3.png Fig. 7. 7Li, 87Rb, and 45Sc spectra obtained using the paramagnetic shim pellets with the optimized configuration. For comparison, the spectra obtained without shimming are shown in the gray lines. The number of scans was 8000 for each spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-snapshot-of-a-cryogen-free-superconducting-magnet-l2aqjaxi.png Fig. 1. (a) A snapshot of a cryogen-free superconducting magnet (mCFM-7T-50-H3, Cryogenic Ltd.). (b) Measured field distribution determined from the 1H resonance frequency of paraffin in a microcoil with an inner diameter of 0.4 mm. Measurements were performed over 847 positions of the microcoil with x- and y-intervals of 0.5 mm and a z-interval of 1 mm. The carrier frequency was 82 MHz and the magnet current was 20.5 A. x-, y-, and z-dependences of the magnetic field are plotted in (c) with circles, triangles, and squares, respectively. (d) Field distribution along the capillary sample tube. Using a microcoil with a coil diameter of 0.1 mm, 1H NMR signals of glycerol were measured for various positions by sliding the microcoil inside the empty capillary. The solid line is a fitted curve of the experimental data (squares) using a quadratic function (see Eq. (3)). The magnet current was set to 36.1 A, and the carrier frequency was 56.0 MHz. (e) A histogram of resonance frequency distribution over a range of −4 ≤ z ≤ 4 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/parameter-estimates-for-greasy-fleece-weight-of-rambouillet-3hz46jpn49 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-observations-unadjusted-means-and-1cpcdhxc.png Table 1. Summary of observations, unadjusted means, and standard deviations (SD) for greasy fleece weight (kg) by age of ewe class https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameter-estimates-from-two-trait-age-of-ewe-3tmtz69i.png Table 3. Parameter estimates from two-trait (age of ewe classes) analyses for greasy fleece weight https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameter-estimates-from-three-trait-age-of-ewe-2gkfxace.png Table 4. Parameter estimates from three-trait (age of ewe classes) analyses for greasy fleece weight https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-of-variance-components-and-genetic-3sk4ega1.png Table 2. Estimates of variance components and genetic parameters (standard errors) for greasy fleece weight from single-trait analyses by age of ewe class and for a repeated measures model across ages (all) https://scispace.com/papers/parallelogram-shaped-dielectric-elastomer-generators-7cy17av3mr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dielectric-constant-as-a-function-of-equi-biaxial-3cxul7i7.png Figure 3. Dielectric constant as a function of equi-biaxial stretch for the OPPO Band Red 8012. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stress-strain-curves-for-the-oppo-band-red-8012-2bmgcn2c.png Figure 2. Stress–strain curves for the OPPO Band Red 8012: markers represent experimental data; lines represent the best fits (relative to the unloading curves only) with the same hyperelastic model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-ps-deg-capacitance-as-a-function-of-u-theoretical-2r81cwro.png Figure 11. PS-DEG capacitance as a function of u. Theoretical (for er = 1.6 and er = 2.4) and experimental profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-voltage-ratio-theoretical-and-experimental-results-1r4hnah8.png Table 3. Voltage ratio: theoretical and experimental results comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-of-a-parallelogram-shaped-dielectric-1sgk9co0.png Figure 1. (a) Schematic of a parallelogram-shaped dielectric elastomer generator and (b) scheme of the active deformable membrane that shows the principal strain directions x-y. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-parameters-of-the-hyper-elastic-model-2u6a9snx.png Table 1. Experimental parameters of the hyper-elastic model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-physical-properties-for-the-reference-natural-rubber-2oqcioqk.png Table 2. Physical properties for the reference natural rubber elastomer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-energy-conversion-cycle-on-the-32pha6n0.png Figure 4. Example of energy conversion cycle on the dimensionless charge–voltage plane. https://scispace.com/papers/parameter-estimation-and-channel-reconstruction-based-on-4b7439l4ln 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-four-channel-models-cms-from-11-f1vh9aj2.png Table 1: Parameters of the Four Channel Models (CMs) from [11] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-probabilities-of-miss-detection-for-mtaps-and-ks-36a9anur.png Figure 7: Probabilities of miss detection for Mtaps and Ks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-nmse-of-the-proposed-method-and-other-cs-3ampw266.png Figure 8: NMSE of the proposed method and other CS reconstruction methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-ber-performance-for-real-measured-channels-of-31z5uc9p.png Figure 12: BER performance for real, measured channels of channel 6, channel 12 and channel 14. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-ber-performance-of-the-proposed-method-compared-to-vq8g3rav.png Figure 11: BER performance of the proposed method compared to other selected methods for CM2, CM3 and CM4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-uwb-antenna-with-an-automated-positioning-system-2ye4f322.png Figure 3: UWB antenna with an automated positioning system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mse-and-its-constituent-terms-as-function-of-a-39eo6b0q.png Figure 4: MSE and its constituent terms as function of (a) Mtaps for different Ks and (b) Ks for different Mtaps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-ber-performance-of-the-proposed-method-compared-to-3ncbiupf.png Figure 10: BER performance of the proposed method compared to other selected methods for different lengths of the pilot preamble: (a) NNp = 512 (b) NNp = 1024. https://scispace.com/papers/parameter-estimation-of-a-hyperelastic-constitutive-model-1e23ld65xt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-compression-test-device-upy7c44t.png Fig. 1. Compression test device https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameter-results-for-three-foams-with-three-strain-3ijt957i.png Table 4. Parameter results for three foams with three strain rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-identification-errors-of-unloading-phase-for-foam-b-3o942gqc.png Table 6. Identification errors of unloading phase for Foam B https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-model-results-for-foam-a-a-1-06-10-2-sec-1-b-5-33-10-3-3l72ac0q.png Fig. 5. Model results for foam A. a: =1.06 10-2 sec-1; b: =5.33 10-3 sec-1; c: =6.66 10-4 sec-1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-and-morphological-foam-characteristics-2g1ilxlx.png Table 1. Chemical and morphological foam characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-model-results-with-strain-rate-1-06-10-2-sec-1-test1-a-ytjvds6a.png Fig. 4. Model results with strain rate =1.06 10-2 sec-1 (test1). a: foam A; b: foam B; c: foam C https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-quasi-static-compression-test-conditions-wycxrgz8.png Table 2. Quasi-static compression test conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shows-the-experimental-stress-strain-results-for-2peskt3i.png Figure 2 shows the experimental stress-strain results for three types of foam (foam A, foam B and foam C) in test 1. https://scispace.com/papers/parameter-inequalities-for-orthogonal-arrays-with-mixed-4pplb7eu1r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-parameter-combinations-for-oa-n-k-s-t-1g56y375.png Table 1: Examples of parameter combinations for OA(N, k, s, t) for which the bound in (2) is sharper than Rao’s. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-examples-of-parameter-combinations-for-oa-n-k-s1-sk-hnm32muf.png Table 2: Examples of parameter combinations for OA(N, k, s1, . . . , sk, t) for which the bound in (2) is sharper than both Rao’s bound and the condition in (3). https://scispace.com/papers/parameter-range-reduction-in-ordinary-differential-equation-2jkbnvgtvt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-for-the-nonlinear-pendulum-the-algorithm-was-3v4qtvxp.png Table 1: Results for the nonlinear pendulum. The algorithm was tested for all values of s between 2 and 17 and for values of h between 0.05 and 1.00 in increments of 0.05. For each (s, h)-pair, results were averaged over 10 runs. The result with the lowest ratio of output hull volume to original volume in parameter space is presented below. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pharmacological-data-and-continuous-representations-3rz0e4gk.png Fig. 3: Pharmacological data and continuous representations. The bands for all four data sets were obtained by the banding algorithm presented in [10]. The bands for Db and Mb were obtained using tmin = 1.0 and minimum heights of 0.02 and 0.1 respectively, while the bands for Du and Mu were obtained using tmin = 4.0 and minimum heights of 0.3 and 1.7 respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hull-of-consistent-boxes-and-centre-of-mass-versus-s-2qlj3k5o.png Fig. 2: Hull of consistent boxes and centre of mass versus s for step size h = 0.05. In each plot, the upper and lower solid curves represent the upper and lower values of the hull of consistent boxes. The middle solid curve represents the centre of mass of all consistent boxes. The dashed horizontal line represents the true parameter value. Plots on the left are results from when only monotonic windows are allowed, while plots on the right represent results from the improved scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-the-effect-of-parameter-range-2i60b5zl.png Table 4: Comparison of the effect of parameter range reduction on traditional optimization methods. The original parameter ranges and centres of mass, and the reduced parameter ranges and centres of mass, were each inputted into 5 traditional optimization methods. The five methods were the MATLAB functions (A) fminsearch, (B) GlobalSearch, (C) MultiStart, (D) patternsearch, (E) sumulannealbnd. The final value of the weighted least squares cost function and the total run time are also presented. Time measurements are in clock seconds on a 2.4 GHz Intel Core i5 processor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-for-the-pharmacokinetic-model-the-algorithm-1qhnhshv.png Table 3: Results for the pharmacokinetic model. The algorithm was tested for all values of s between 2 and 17 and for values of h between 0.06 and 1.00 in increments of 0.02. For each (s, h)-pair, results were averaged over 10 runs. The result with the lowest ratio of output hull volume to original volume in parameter space is presented below. Runs terminated when an upper limit of 100 boxes was reached. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-the-effect-of-parameter-range-1o0aayud.png Table 2: Comparison of the effect of parameter range reduction on input to traditional optimization methods. The original parameter ranges and centres of mass, and the reduced parameter ranges and centres of mass, were each input into five traditional optimization methods. The five methods were the MATLAB functions (A) fminsearch, (B) GlobalSearch, (C) MultiStart, (D) patternsearch, (E) sumulannealbnd. The final value of the least squares cost function and the total run time are also presented. Time measurements are in clock seconds on a 2.4 GHz Intel Core i5 processor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulated-data-for-the-nonlinear-pendulum-and-3tk2egiv.png Fig. 1: Simulated data for the nonlinear pendulum and continuous bands generated by the algorithm described in [10] using tmin = 0.18 and min height = 0.15 for x and using using tmin = 0.18 and min height = 0.40 for y. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-projection-of-consistent-parameter-boxes-the-parameter-duzw9tff.png Fig. 4: Projection of consistent parameter boxes. The parameter reduction scheme was run with s = 4, h = 0.15 and with an upper limit of 2000 boxes. https://scispace.com/papers/parameter-optimization-algorithm-with-improved-convergence-28i0db59f3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-learning-parameters-used-in-the-experiments-224fkqws.png Table 1: Learning parameters used in the experiments https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparative-results-for-the-vowel-spotting-problem-1fgac8q8.png Table 3: Comparative results for the vowel spotting problem https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparative-results-for-the-texture-classification-2ok5hxee.png Table 2: Comparative results for the texture classification problem https://scispace.com/papers/parameter-space-of-experimental-chaotic-circuits-with-high-2s9hzratcq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-magnification-of-figs-4-a-and-4-b-color-scheme-is-the-2u5adjb4.png FIG. 5. Magnification of Figs. 4(a) and 4(b). Color scheme is the same used in Fig. 4. In (a). experimental data with ten times the R resolution compared with that used in Fig. 4(a). In (b), a 600 600 mesh parameter space with the same high resolution of the parameter R. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-periodicity-parameter-spaces-color-code-for-the-period-26b41dm7.png FIG. 6. Periodicity parameter spaces. Color code for the period of the attractor is presented in the right-hand side band. Notice an odd period-adding bifurcation cascade initiating at the top left corner and heading towards the center of the spiral. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-estimation-of-the-decay-exponent-b-from-the-positive-2wmjs626.png FIG. 8. Estimation of the decay exponent, ~b, from the positive Lyapunov exponents of attractors appearing along the border of the shrimps with the chaotic regions as a function of their periods (see Eq. (4)). Black squares stand for experimental values (based on Fig. 4) and red circles for simulations (based on Fig. 5). The dashed black and red lines represent the scaling exponent b, measured from the fittings in Fig. 7, for experimental and simulation data, respectively. For these calculations, we have considered the Lyapunov exponent in units of logðexpÞ per Poincar e crossing. Notice that in Figs. 4 and 5 the shown Lyapunov exponent is in units of bits per time unit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-fitting-of-the-periodic-window-largest-width-dr-with-10t1apxn.png FIG. 7. Fitting of the periodic window largest width DR with respect to the attractor period P, considering the exponential scaling of Eq. (3). We considered the error bars of 2 X in the experimental calculations and 0.5 X in the simulated ones. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematics-of-the-designed-adjustable-digital-2kojpwcp.png FIG. 1. Schematics of the designed adjustable digital potentiometer. Only three of ten resistor circuits of the in series association are shown in order to clearly present their components. On the right connector, t1 and t2 represent the output resistance to be connected to the Chua’s circuit. The circuit is feed by 60 Ah 12.0 V car battery. See text for component and respective function description. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-iddxth-characteristic-of-the-circuit-presented-in-fig-chjfokhx.png FIG. 3. idðxÞ characteristic of the circuit presented in Fig. 2. The linear fittings are presented in the figure. The equations corresponding to linear fittings are presented in the experimental section. The normalization considered equations x ¼ VC1=BP and idðxÞ ¼ iðxÞ=ðmoBPÞ and the parameters mo ¼ 4:156315 mS and BP¼ 1.38501 V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-chuas-circuit-using-the-electronic-inductor-and-gzpqgnkr.png FIG. 2. Chua’s circuit using the electronic inductor and indicating the measuring points x, y and the P point. The current through the inductor is defined as IL ¼ ðVP VC2Þ=ðR7 þ rLÞ. Here, Vccþ ¼þ12 V and Vcc ¼ 12 V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-lyapunov-parameter-spaces-of-the-chuas-circuit-white-224dwvhf.png FIG. 4. Lyapunov parameter spaces of the Chua’s circuit. White to black stands for periodic orbits and for fixed points; yellow to red color for chaotic orbits. (a) Experimental parameter space diagram associating color scale to k. Resolution of parameters R and rL is 2 X and 0.1 X, respectively, and we have considered a mesh with 400 values for R and 562 values for rL. (b) Corresponding simulated parameter space obtained from using the model of Ref. 15 but with a 5-fold piece-wise idðxÞ Eq. (2). Resolution of parameters R and rL is 0.5 X and 0.1 X, respectively, and we have considered a mesh with 1600 values for R and 562 values for rL. https://scispace.com/papers/parameter-synthesis-for-probabilistic-timed-automata-using-1107u1ehzf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-algorithm-for-stochastic-game-abstraction-2h7d0qo0.png Fig. 6. Algorithm for stochastic game abstraction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-parameter-synthesis-using-game-based-abstraction-1v394mu7.png Fig. 10. Parameter synthesis using game-based abstraction refinement loop https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-game-based-abstraction-2bqxgy04.png Fig. 8. Game-based abstraction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-algorithm-for-parametric-abstraction-refinement-1xthrq37.png Fig. 7. Algorithm for parametric abstraction refinement https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-refinement-of-a-symbolic-state-2s66kxa7.png Fig. 9. Refinement of a symbolic state https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-parametric-forward-reachability-and-construction-of-1gazzsfs.png Fig. 1. Parametric forward reachability and construction of the corresponding MDP https://scispace.com/papers/parameter-synthesis-in-nonlinear-dynamical-systems-48ndv2a9v2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-results-for-the-17-equation-model-figure-a-illustrates-736supl8.png Fig. 5. Results for the 17-equation model. Figure (A) illustrates the kpg-NA plane, partitioned into regions leading to death (here aseptic death, represented by crosses) and regions leading to health (represented by circles). Figure (B) illustrates the kpg-CAI plane. Interestingly, the separation is not monotone with the growth of pathogen kpg . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-obtained-for-the-4-equation-model-figure-a-3p1o224y.png Fig. 4. Results obtained for the 4-equation model. Figure (A) reproduces results presented in Figure 8 of [26] with kpg = 0.3, which was obtained using classical bifurcation analysis. Circles are parameter values leading to Health while crosses represent values leading to Death. Figure (B) illustrates how a pair of parameters (NA and kpg) can be partitioned into the three possible outcomes. Circles alone lead to Health, crosses and circles lead to Aseptic Death and crosses alone lead to Septic Death. The separation between regions is induced from small uncertain regions computed by the algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cartoon-representation-of-the-4-equation-model-of-the-3asyavaa.png Fig. 2.Cartoon representation of the 4-equation model of the acute immune response. Arrows represent up-regulation, bars represent down-regulation. Figure is adapted from Figure 1 in [26]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-top-examples-trace-from-the-4-equation-model-there-are-sarl02ch.png Fig. 3. (Top) Examples trace from the 4-equation model. There are three different traces corresponding to septic death, aseptic death and health. (Bottom) Example traces from the 17-equation model; 5 of the 17 variables are shown. There are also three traces, illustrating the richer dynamics of the model. Two traces corresponds to aseptic death and the third to health with a periodic small resurgence of the pathogen. Time is measured in hours. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-between-a-global-and-a-local-estimate-of-q18frgnt.png Fig. 1. Comparison between a “global” and a “local” estimate of the reachable set. The large square on the left hand side represent a region of parameter space, P . The oval-shaped region on the right hand side corresponds to the true reachable set,Rt(P), induced by parameters P at time t. The large parallelogram on the right hand side corresponds to the estimated reachable set, R̂pt (P), using a sensitivity analysis based on trajectory labeled ξp which starts at point p ∈ P . The point labeled ξ̂ppj , for example, is an estimate of where a trajectory starting at point pj would reach at time t. If we partition P and consider some particular partition, Pj , we can then compare the estimated reachable sets R̂pt (Pj) and R̂ pj t (Pj), which correspond to the small light-gray and small dark gray parallelograms, respectively. We continue to refine until the distance between R̂pt (Pj) and R̂ pj t (Pj) (Eq. 7) falls below some user-specified tolerance. https://scispace.com/papers/parameter-tolerant-design-of-high-contrast-gratings-3roi2bndid 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scheme-of-the-mid-infrared-vcsel-with-a-bottom-18xj3lq6.png Figure 1. Scheme of the mid infrared VCSEL with a bottom AlAsSb/GaSb DBR mirror and top GaAs/AlOx high contrast grating mirror. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scheme-of-the-gaas-alox-mirror-the-grating-ngjj4neu.png Figure 2. Scheme of the GaAs/AlOx mirror. The grating dimensions are adjusted by an optimization algorithm to exhibit reflectivity higher than 99.5 % for a VCSEL application at 2.3 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-boundaries-of-the-search-space-and-tolerance-1fvofpbi.png Table 1. Boundaries of the search space and tolerance requirements for the robust optimization algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-optimum-and-tolerance-values-obtained-by-the-robust-7tp5xps1.png Table 2. Optimum and tolerance values obtained by the robust optimization algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reflection-spectra-of-the-robust-hcg-mirror-the-vzltjp16.png Figure 3. Reflection spectra of the robust HCG mirror. The inset exhibits a large 99.5% high reflectivity bandwidth of 425 nm centered at 2290 nm for the TM coefficient (blue) with a good polarization selectivity by keeping RTE < 70 % (dashed red). https://scispace.com/papers/parameterization-investigation-on-the-microchannel-heat-sink-40qj7jwazz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thermal-physical-property-32-2y0xw5sv.png Table 1 Thermal physical property [32] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-nusselts-number-at-various-x-1munpak8.png Figure 10 Nusselts number at various x https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-temperature-contours-in-src-and-drc-re-37545deg-h-h-2uhlzsie.png Figure 9 Temperature contours in SRC and DRC (Re=375，45°,h/H=0.5, l/W=0.8, d/W=1, t=30m) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4a-f-show-us-stream-lines-in-whole-region-it-can-be-2659buvi.png Figure 4a-f show us stream-lines in whole region. It can be seen that, nearly all of the stream-lines in DRC are helical. Helical stream-lines indicate that, the fluids on the bottom and the fluids on the top can exchange each other to enhance heat transfer efficiency. However, some relatively flat stream-lines on the top of SRC result in recession of heat transfer enhancement. Moreover, the helix angle decreases with the increase of attack angle, that means the fluids on the bottom and the fluids on the top will exchange more frequently, hence more stretching and folding of fluids lead to more heat transfer enhancement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-temperature-and-velocity-distributions-in-the-2t6lh3dz.png Figure 8 Temperature and velocity distributions in the region of SRRs at various x in DRC (Re=625, =45°,h/H=0.5, l/W=0.8, d/W=1, t=30μm) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-effect-of-rib-length-on-heat-transfer-figure-15-2fhdpj5s.png Figure 14 Effect of rib length on heat transfer Figure 15 Effect of rib width on heat transfer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12c-shows-us-the-highest-nusselts-numbers-exist-both-1dwy9ank.png Figure 12c shows us, the highest Nusselts numbers exist both in SRC and DRC when h/H=0.3. Moreover, the Nusselts number in SRC and DRC is much bigger than that in straight channel (h/H=0). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12a-however-much-higher-rib-enlargers-flow-resistance-1l9thquw.png Figure 12c shows us, the highest Nusselts numbers exist both in SRC and DRC when h/H=0.3. Moreover, the Nusselts number in SRC and DRC is much bigger than that in straight channel (h/H=0). https://scispace.com/papers/parameters-and-fractional-differentiation-orders-estimation-1fsyyblr53 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimated-input-in-noise-free-left-panel-and-noisy-3a9vj8h8.png Figure 3: Estimated input in noise-free (left panel) and noisy (5%) (right panel) cases using cubic b-splines basis with unknown fractional orders. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimated-input-in-noise-free-left-panel-and-noisy-1aeb4lxv.png Figure 2: Estimated input in noise-free (left panel) and noisy (5%) (right panel) cases using cubic b-splines basis with known fractional orders. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-steps-of-the-proposed-two-stage-algorithm-3cl2mzvv.png Table 1: Steps of the proposed two-stage algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-estimated-input-for-different-noise-levels-same-2t20nmuy.png Figure 1: Estimated input for different noise levels, same number of MFs (upper left panel). Estimated input for 5 % of noise with different values of M (upper right panel). Relative estimation error VS number of MFs in noise-free case (lower left panel) and in noisy case (lower right panel). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relative-errors-of-estimated-parameters-and-2bc6kbbv.png Table 2: Relative errors (%) of estimated parameters and fractional differentiation orders with α01 = 1.7 and α 0 2 = 0.7. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relative-errors-of-estimated-parameters-and-1urox36l.png Table 3: Relative errors (%) of estimated parameters and fractional differentiation orders with different initial guesses of the fractional orders and output corrupted by 5% of noise. https://scispace.com/papers/parametric-hidden-markov-models-for-recognition-and-24q0ns55ul 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-synthesis-error-of-pointing-for-2x2-phmm-13s1s68q.png Figure 6: Synthesis Error of Pointing for 2×2 PHMM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-synthesis-error-of-pointing-for-3x3-phmm-1vrhikzo.png Figure 7: Synthesis Error of Pointing for 3×3 PHMM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-recognition-error-of-pointing-for-wilson-bobicks-1ofqwtr0.png Figure 14: Recognition Error of Pointing for Wilson & Bobick’s 3×3-trained PHMM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-recognition-error-of-pointing-for-3x3-phmm-33awcpfc.png Figure 13: Recognition Error of Pointing for 3×3 PHMM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-upper-three-dark-ellipsoids-are-depicting-the-10x506rj.png Figure 2: The upper three dark ellipsoids are depicting the GaussiansN 01 , . . . ,N 03 of the states i = 1, 2, 3 of an HMM λ0 that is trained by sequences, that begin on the left and are leading to the upper part of the vertical line on the right hand side. In this case the parameterization of the sequences is u = 0. The dots sketch one of these training sequences. Similarly, the lower three ellipsoids of an HMM λ1 model sequences with a parameter u = 1. Additionally, the Gaussians Ni of a global model λ are indicated in light gray. In this case λ is trained with all training sequences. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-capture-model-of-right-arm-this-model-is-used-for-1g52eipf.png Figure 5: Capture Model of Right Arm. This model is used for motion capturing, for what the model’s markers (tiny balls in picture) are aligned to captured marker positions (compare to Fig. 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-loglik-of-the-model-parameters-u-v-given-a-34q8rfzl.png Figure 11: Loglik of the Model Parameters (u, v) given a sequence of Parameterization (0.5, 0.5). The interval [0, 1]2 3 (u, v) is mapped to the table-top region of 80cm×30cm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-recognition-error-of-pointing-for-2x2-phmm-gjqsb01k.png Figure 12: Recognition Error of Pointing for 2×2 PHMM. https://scispace.com/papers/parametric-design-for-reconfigurable-software-defined-radio-4ddsbtnlor 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-buffersize-for-various-functions-and-reconfiguration-3b5fmpik.png Table 3. Buffersize for various functions and reconfiguration times https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parameters-of-the-fir-filter-with-different-degrees-3f4ifnvz.png Table 5. Parameters of the FIR filter with different degrees of parallelism p when implemented on a Xilinx Virtex-4 LX25 FPGA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-total-processing-time-of-our-reconfigurable-fir-filter-3a8vhfkq.png Fig. 4. Total processing time of our reconfigurable FIR filter when processing 10,000 data items between reconfigurations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-receiver-architecture-of-a-software-defined-radio-3itzo5tf.png Fig. 1. Receiver architecture of a software-defined radio https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-different-spatial-and-temporal-mappings-of-an-3p7kfx20.png Fig. 2. Different spatial and temporal mappings of an algorithm with s = 4 steps https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-scenarios-showing-opportunities-for-reconfiguration-1uu70vln.png Table 1. Scenarios showing opportunities for reconfiguration in software-defined radio https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-different-mobile-communication-2xcss7p0.png Table 2. Comparison of different mobile communication standards https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-normalised-processing-times-for-a-range-of-workload-3fknciyc.png Fig. 3. Normalised processing times for a range of workload sizes n and different levels of parallelism p. The number of steps s is set to 256 and we assume tr,e = 5000tp,e. https://scispace.com/papers/parametric-instabilities-and-plasma-heating-in-an-2oqf9uwx5t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-low-frequency-decay-spectrum-0-mode-fig-3-b-2xdk1m9g.png Fig. 3 (a) . Low frequency decay spectrum. 0-mode. Fig. 3(b); Experimentally measured thresholds at A = 1 , https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-typical-density-gradient-log-scale-and-a-sketch-of-1vkh7b2w.png Fig. 2. A typical density gradient (log scale) and a sketch of the free-space X-band wavelength. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ion-acoustic-wave-dispersion-relation-obtained-from-2jpii5fp.png Fig. 6. Ion acoustic wave dispersion relation obtained from https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-0-a-temperature-ob-ta-ined-from-a-langmuir-probe-3iu3bsc0.png Fig . 1 0 ( a ) . Temperature ob ta ined from a Langmuir probe https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-amplification-rates-of-background-fluctuations-16tw6iew.png Fig. 4. Amplification rates of background.fluctuations https://scispace.com/papers/parametric-design-fabrication-and-validation-of-one-way-2jbpeibw5a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fem-simulation-frames-top-pictures-top-view-bottom-3l0wq4p1.png Fig. 4. FEM simulation frames (top pictures: top view, bottom pictures: bottom view), showing valve behavior when an increasing pressure was applied on the top valve surface. Different colors stand for different von Mises stress values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-representative-stress-strain-curves-of-pdms-samples-1mse4tl0.png Fig. 3. Representative stress-strain curves of PDMS samples showing different stiffness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-valve-testing-set-up-and-its-components-3h994m2a.png Fig. 2. Valve testing set-up and its components. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-commercial-valve-used-in-many-water-bottles-the-whole-20okt74y.png Fig. 1. Commercial valve used in many water bottles. The whole structure and a section, are reported (A), together with its parameterization (B). The valve axis and the load distribution are shown in C and D, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-valve-performances-in-terms-of-opening-pressure-in-13dbmnb5.png Fig. 5. Valve performances (in terms of opening pressure) in correspondence to different material stiffness and different P1 values. All the other parameters were those of the commercial valve. Angular parameters (P2, P4 and P7) were kept constant (Pi = Pic), while length-related parameters (P3, P5, P6, P8 and P9) were properly scaled according to the homothetic transformation (Pi = Pic × SF). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-coefficients-a-b-and-c-deriving-from-the-fitting-of-3ed8zoug.png Table 3 Coefficients a, b and c deriving from the fitting of FEM data, by using Eq. (1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-valve-performances-in-terms-of-opening-pressure-in-1hccklpz.png Fig. 6. Valve performances (in terms of opening pressure) in correspondence to different material stiffness and different P3 values. All the other parameters were those of the commercial valve, properly scaled according to the homothetic transformation in order to have a P1 equal to 2.5 mm (P2 = 50◦ , P4 = 83◦ , P5 = 0.86 mm, P6 = 0.25 mm, P7 = 97◦ , P8 = 0.67 mm and P9 = 0.13 mm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-1-closed-mold-casted-with-pdms-and-thermally-treated-2-21utn8ly.png Fig. 8. (1) Closed mold, casted with PDMS and thermally treated; (2) mold opening; (3) valve extraction; (4) frame used to punch the top surface of the valve; (5) valve positioning into the frame used for die cutting; (6) blade insertion into the frame; (7–9) valve prototype and insertion into a valve seat, to constrain the polymeric valve within the testing set-up. https://scispace.com/papers/parametric-study-on-the-interaction-factor-of-piled-raft-fqgrl7x5cj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-characteristic-response-of-freestanding-pile-group-3lak8nys.png Figure 2. Characteristic response of freestanding pile group and pile group of piled raft https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-pile-spacing-on-pr-27pk0czm.png Figure 4. Effect of pile spacing on pr https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-load-settlement-response-of-free-yscex2lc.png Figure 1. Comparison of load-settlement response of free standing pile group and pile group of piled raft https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-pile-length-and-pile-raft-area-ratio-on-18q79fri.png Figure 3. Effect of pile length and pile raft area ratio on pr a https://scispace.com/papers/parametric-resonance-and-radiative-decay-of-dispersion-3amgmaklps 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-numerical-evolution-of-the-dm-soliton-with-m-0-1-and-u-36pcdqgt.png Fig. 4. Numerical evolution of the DM soliton with m = 0.1 and µ(0) = 12. (a) Soliton amplitude versus z: numerical results (solid curve); analytical average soliton amplitude √ 2µ from (3.4) (dashed curve). (b), (c) Solution profiles at z = 50 and z = 100. (d), (e) Spectra of the solutions at z = 50 and z = 100. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-numerical-evolution-of-the-dm-soliton-with-m-0-1-and-u-tj88wmww.png Fig. 3. Numerical evolution of the DM soliton with m = 0.1 and µ(0) = 6. (a) Soliton amplitude versus z: numerical results (solid curve); analytical average soliton amplitude √ 2µ from (3.4) (dashed curve). (b) Solution profile at z = 60. (c) Spectrum of the solution at z = 60. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-numerical-evolutions-of-the-dm-soliton-amplitudes-with-3n7wa7ox.png Fig. 6. Numerical evolutions of the DM soliton amplitudes with m = 0.2 and (a) µ(0) = 1; (b) µ(0) = 6; (c) µ(0) = 12. Numerical results are shown by solid curves. Analytical average soliton amplitudes √ 2µ from (3.4) are shown by dashed curves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-numerical-evolution-of-the-dm-soliton-with-m-0-1-and-u-ps43xlbb.png Fig. 2. Numerical evolution of the DM soliton with m = 0.1 and µ(0) = 1. (a) Soliton amplitude versus distance z. (b) Average soliton amplitude versus z: numerical results (solid curve); analytical average soliton amplitude √ 2µ from (3.4) (circles); analytical average soliton amplitude √ 2µ from (3.5) (crosses). (c) Solution profile at z = 2000. (d) Fourier spectrum of the solution at z = 2000. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-decay-rate-g-2-u-of-dm-solitons-versus-the-parameter-u-18udruj6.png Fig. 1. Decay rate Γ(2)(µ) of DM solitons versus the parameter µ as in (3.4) for m = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-numerical-evolution-of-the-dm-soliton-with-m-0-1-and-u-1bkps0r7.png Fig. 5. Numerical evolution of the DM soliton with m = 0.1 and µ(0) = 100. (a) Soliton amplitude versus z: numerical results (solid curve); analytical average soliton amplitude √ 2µ from (3.4) (dashed curve). (b), (c) Solution profiles at z = 15 and z = 24. (d), (e) Spectra of the solutions at z = 15 and z = 24. https://scispace.com/papers/parametric-interactions-between-alfven-waves-and-sonic-waves-wollo8fwje 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-y63047l1.png Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/papers/parametricity-type-equality-and-higher-order-polymorphism-59vhjp1akg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-typing-relation-for-ro-2x8z4h8y.png Fig. 4: Typing relation for Rω https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-relational-interpretation-of-ro-2z4u2bgs.png Fig. 8: Relational interpretation of Rω https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-haskell-implementation-of-cast-and-gcast-14r7zib2.png Fig. 1: Haskell implementation of cast and gcast https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-well-formed-generalized-relations-and-equality-bn99r8ef.png Fig. 7: Well-formed generalized relations and equality https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-syntax-of-system-ro-3t37dnmx.png Fig. 2: Syntax of System Rω https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-operational-semantics-rules-174nnw3a.png Fig. 6: Operational semantics rules https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-definition-of-gcast-in-ro-note-that-lines-11-22-and-33-nz89moka.png Fig. 5: Definition of gcast in Rω. Note that lines 11, 22 and 33 are identical. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-pcast-3kp8h6pj.png Fig. 10: pcast https://scispace.com/papers/parametrization-of-catmull-clark-subdivision-surfaces-for-4i35clys06 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-left-the-ccs-in-blue-corresponding-to-the-mesh-in-2ycxmdj2.png Fig. 8. Left: the CCS (in blue) corresponding to the mesh (in green) of an HRP-2 link. The red line is the image of R(kθ)d for a particular d. Right: we first apply twice a simple subdivision scheme, before using CatmullClark subdivisions, thus obtaining a surface closer to the original mesh but less smooth. The red line corresponds to the same directions as on the left, but is slightly changed due to a difference in the center c. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-several-catmull-clark-subdivisions-of-a-cube-from-left-tqqljr1g.png Fig. 1. Several Catmull-Clark subdivisions of a cube. From left to right: original mesh, after 1, 2 and 6 iterations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mapping-from-the-unit-square-00-and-its-subdivision-to-22bdcvsu.png Fig. 3. Mapping from the unit square Ω00 and its subdivision to a surface patch. Snk is the image of Ω n k by si. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-a-regular-face-in-blue-with-its-local-u-v-vz6sc0t6.png Fig. 2. Left: a regular face (in blue) with its local u-v coordinates and the ordering of the surrounding vertices. Right: a face (in grey) containing a extraordinary vertex with valence N (in red). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-left-hrp-4-holding-an-object-modeled-with-ccs-as-far-ogqk30jh.png Fig. 9. Left: HRP-4 holding an object, modeled with CCS, as far as possible in front of it. The red arrows depict the contact forces and the gravity forces applied at each object. Middle: example of grasp generation. Right: HRP-4 climbing a pile of cubes modeled as a single object with a single surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2d-illustration-of-a-control-mesh-in-red-and-the-ccs-24gybbfh.png Fig. 4. 2d illustration of a control mesh (in red) and the CCS (in blue). The dashed lines depict the supporting planes and define the kernel (light blue). c is the center of the largest sphere (black circle) in it. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-patches-corresponding-to-the-different-faces-of-the-2lp1ot9l.png Fig. 5. Patches corresponding to the different faces of the control mesh are depicted in different colors. The cones are delimited by the gray lines. The casted ray (in green)intersects a face (in bold red). From the intersection point (in green) a point (in blue) is deduced on the corresponding patch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-example-of-coordinates-change-when-changing-from-the-3sv3i7vd.png Fig. 6. Example of coordinates change when changing from the left patch to the right one. With the depicted frames, the change is unew = vold and vnew = 2 − uold. There are in total 16 different changes of coordinates depending on the relative orientation of the frames. https://scispace.com/papers/paramodulation-with-non-monotonic-orderings-and-5elkqr24wd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-input-file-2n5ioztt.png Fig. 1 Example of input file. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-final-set-of-equations-3likiyo4.png Fig. 4 Final set of equations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-messages-during-the-saturation-process-3d2yjyyj.png Fig. 3 Messages during the saturation process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-initial-set-of-equations-after-orienting-and-1921dfr9.png Fig. 2 Initial set of equations after orienting and simplifying. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-completion-of-example-1-under-our-system-1st99a3n.png Fig. 5 Completion of Example 1 under our system. https://scispace.com/papers/paraoxonase-1-gene-polymorphisms-in-angiographically-14kjyxx85s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-met55leu-and-gln192arg-pon1-frequencies-in-caucasian-1r6p7lqn.png Table 2 Met55Leu and Gln192Arg PON1 frequencies in Caucasian- and African-Brazilians CAD cases and controls according to gender. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-triglyceride-and-hdl-cholesterol-levels-among-83gv4fk8.png Table 3 Triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels among Gln192Arg PON1 genotypes in Caucasian- and African-Brazilians according to gender. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-and-demographic-characteristics-of-cad-3kjut8k4.png Table 1 Clinical and demographic characteristics of CAD cases and controls. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multiple-logistic-regression-for-cad-risk-in-1l5wvrj0.png Table 4 Multiple logistic regression for CAD risk in Caucasian-Brazilians. https://scispace.com/papers/paranormal-belief-thinking-style-preference-and-35j5nnslmf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-r-between-conjunction-error-rate-1u3wvkra.png Table 2: Correlations (r) between Conjunction Error Rate, Thinking Style & Demographic Measures (continued) † https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-r-between-conjunction-error-rate-3paud0in.png Table 2: Correlations (r) between Conjunction Error Rate, Thinking Style & Demographic Measures (continued) † https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-predictors-of-conjunction-error-generation-presence-2dmazq78.png Table 5: Predictors of Conjunction Error Generation (Presence vs. Absence) by Paranormal Belief Type† https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-percentage-of-conjunction-errors-non-errors-all-1po42txa.png Table 4: Percentage of Conjunction Errors, Non-Errors & All Responses Correctly Predicted by Paranormal Belief & Intercept Types † https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-r-between-conjunction-error-rate-j85mas8j.png Table 3: Correlations (r) between Conjunction Error Rate, Thinking Style & Demographics across Event & Outcome Types † https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-internal-reliability-descriptive-normality-skew-502b0y3s.png Table 1: Internal Reliability, Descriptive, Normality & Skew Statistics for All Measures (Final Versions) † https://scispace.com/papers/parapanteles-rooibos-n-sp-hymenoptera-braconidae-x0e3fxdopr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-parapanteles-rooibos-n-sp-cocoon-close-up-a-and-1vqa7gw7.png FIGURE 2. Parapanteles rooibos n.sp. cocoon close up (A) and among needles of host plant (B), rooibos plantation (C) and host I urgia exerraria (Prout) caterpillar on rooibos plant (D). Photo A by Alejandro Valerio; B from field collection by Dr. Justin Hatting (ARC-SGI, South Africa); C & D copyright ENTOCARE and used with permission. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-parapanteles-rooibos-n-sp-wing-venation-a-male-391hda7d.png FIGURE 1. Parapanteles rooibos n.sp. wing venation (A), male genitalia (B), metasoma lateral view (C), mesosoma dorsal view (D), female genitalia (E), propodeum dorsal view (F), metasomal tergites dorsal view (G) and mesosoma lateral view (H). https://scispace.com/papers/paramodulation-with-well-founded-orderings-5bbojpwi9t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-graphical-proof-of-local-confluence-2hggi2us.png Figure 4. Graphical proof of local confluence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-the-return-property-3b3x1njt.png Figure 3. Illustration of the Return Property. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-b-rewriting-on-abstracted-terms-19glndkg.png Figure 1. Illustration of B-rewriting on abstracted terms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-b-rewrite-proof-from-example-3-11t1fvgr.png Figure 2. B-rewrite proof from Example 3. https://scispace.com/papers/parasites-of-some-penaeid-shrimps-with-emphasis-on-reared-3iqazc1zfo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-first-abdominal-segments-of-white-shrimp-collected-1neflyw7.png Figure 1. First abdominal segments of white shrimp collected from Calcasieu Bay, Louisiana, showing from left to right: Thelohania penaei in female, Nosema nelsoni in female, T. penaei and N. nelsoni in male, and uninfected female. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-parasites-from-brown-shrimp-stocked-in-floating-1h7ty7uz.png Table 6. Parasites from brown shrimp stocked in floating cages on 8–14 June 1971 at Dauphin Island, Alabama, and examined 14–16 July 19711 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-trophozoite-with-torn-organelle-of-attachment-2r32nmq1.png Figure 6. Trophozoite with torn organelle of attachment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parasites-from-penaeid-shrimps-at-grand-terre-3mxshbdr.png Table 3. Parasites from penaeid shrimps at Grand Terre, Louisiana, in 19711 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-information-concerning-penaeid-shrimps-at-grand-2k7t2i0r.png Table 4. Information concerning penaeid shrimps at Grand Terre, Louisiana, in 1971 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-zoothamnium-sp-on-gills-of-brown-shrimp-a-dividing-50ortgaa.png Figure 4. Zoothamnium sp. on gills of brown shrimp. A dividing stage, stained with hematoxylin. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-preserved-brown-shrimp-with-deteriorated-areas-3i50ers9.png Figure 5. A preserved brown shrimp with deteriorated areas associated with chitinoclastic bacteria. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parasites-from-penaeid-shrimps-at-grand-terre-242brbab.png Table 5. Parasites from penaeid shrimps at Grand Terre, Louisiana, on 26 April 19721 https://scispace.com/papers/parasites-component-community-in-wild-population-of-3809nv26l8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-water-parameters-during-capture-of-four-cichlid-1knbjnog.png Table 1 Water parameters during capture of four cichlid species, Amazon River system, Brazil https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-diversity-indexes-standard-deviation-and-ranges-3t8s8t6k.png Table 4 Mean diversity indexes standard deviation and ranges (in parentheses) for species of cichlids, Amazon River system, Brazil. U: Mann-Whitney test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-parasite-species-richness-in-pterophyllum-scalare-n-42-29npn8eu.png Fig. 1. Parasite species richness in Pterophyllum scalare (n = 42) and Mesonauta acora (n = 38) from the Amazon River system (Brazil). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-spearmans-correlation-coefficient-rs-for-parasite-2u95wi5p.png Table 5 Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rs) for parasite abundance in relation to total length (cm) and body mass (g) of cichlid species, Amazon River system, Brazil https://scispace.com/papers/parasitism-effects-on-coexistence-and-stability-within-gvsqnr6cdt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-presentation-of-the-trophic-module-and-predictions-20mj5gag.png Figure 1. Presentation of the trophic module and predictions. a) The module before infection consists of P, the predator, N1, the competitive/preferred prey, and N2, the non-competitive/non-preferred prey; solid arrow, the predation, dashed arrow, the direct competition. Predictions on how coexistence (Table b) and stability (Table c) depend on the infection scenario (identity of species infected, virulence or interaction effects). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-parameters-as-well-as-their-default-values-and-4r4mpkb4.png Table 1 Model parameters (as well as their default values) and variables (default values are based on values proposed in Hutson & Vickers [1983]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-composition-and-stability-of-the-system-depending-nd2s87lx.png Figure 3. Composition and stability of the system depending on the intensity of virulence (x-axis) and interaction effects (y-axis). a-b) the host is the preferred prey; c-d) the host is the predator. a,c) show results of the unstructured model, b,d) the results of the structured model. Symbols indicate the composition of the system: preferred prey (triangle), non-preferred prey (inverted triangle), predator (circle). Infected species are represented in black. Arrows show the direction of increasing parasite effects: horizontal arrows for the virulence effect and vertical arrows for the interaction effects. https://scispace.com/papers/parasitism-and-developmental-plasticity-in-alpine-swift-599sf1ifvl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effects-of-experimental-manipulations-of-vkp4bx5l.png Table 1. Effects of experimental manipulations of ectoparasite load on fledging age, wing length, body mass and condition https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-growth-curves-of-parasitized-ii-iv-and-parasitefree-i-3rga40zt.png Fig. 1. Growth curves of parasitized (II–IV) and parasitefree (I) individuals. The growth curve I represents the optimal development of an individual facing no parasites, where A and M are the optimum asymptotic size and age at maturity. Although parasites can reduce the growth of their hosts, parasitized individuals may compensate for their slower growth by accelerating their development once the population of parasites decreases (II) or by taking longer (M′) to reach final size (III). If the development of organisms is not plastic, parasitized individuals become permanently stunted at a smaller final size (A′; IV). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-growth-rate-of-a-wing-length-and-b-body-mass-of-m5rk9x59.png Fig. 3. Mean growth rate of (a) wing length and (b) body mass of parasitized (hatched bars) and deparasitized (open bars) Alpine swift nestlings in relation to age. Fledging took place on average at 61 and 58 days after hatching in parasitized and deparasitized nestlings, respectively. Bars represent one standard error. https://scispace.com/papers/parasiticidal-effect-of-chemotherapy-in-alveolar-hydatid-1x11m7jbzz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-clinical-data-on-patients-with-untreated-3fkusjzk.png Table 2. Summary of clinical data on patients with untreated and treated alveolar hydatid disease. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-surgical-specimen-from-internal-drainage-and-2k0ielj3.png Figure 4. Left Surgical specimen from internal drainage and unroofing procedure in 1986 after a 43-year-old man presented with a 20 X 12 X 12-cm nonresectable hepatic lesion in 1974, for which he received mebendazole (3 g daily for 12 years [case 4]). The thin (2-3 mm) fibrotic wall of the abscess is held in the forceps. Right, the absence of residual matrix contrasts with the characteristic thick matrix of an untreated lesion (autopsy specimen, case 14). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-pa-chest-roentgenogram-taken-in-1971-of-a-58-2dh9p0vs.png Figure 3. Left, PA chest roentgenogram taken in 1971 of a 58-year old Eskimo man with a massive hepatic lesion after 3,600 mL of fluid was aspirated from the lesion and air was injected. Note air-fluid level and elevated diaphragm. Right, flat plate of abdomen after instilling contrast medium (abscess measured 25 X 18 X 17 cm). (Reprinted with permission from 1 12]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-albendazole-therapy-results-of-in-vivo-viability-10ny80zd.png Table 4. Albendazole therapy: results of in vivo viability assays and clinical assessments among compliant patients. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-27367zut.png Table 2. Summary of clinical data on patients with untreated and treated alveolar hydatid disease. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-clinical-findings-and-evidence-of-nonviability-of-e-k5ufidor.png Table 3. Clinical findings and evidence of nonviability of E. multilocularis for patients receiving mebendazole therapy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-390bb97c.png Table 2. Summary of clinical data on patients with untreated and treated alveolar hydatid disease. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-efficacy-of-chemotherapy-determined-by-in-vivo-assay-316grlts.png Table 1. Efficacy of chemotherapy determined by in vivo assay of parasite viability in voles for untreated and treated patients with alveolar hydatid disease. https://scispace.com/papers/parasitism-within-mutualist-guilds-explains-the-maintenance-41u54m5sju 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plant-and-fungal-growth-over-time-where-a-fungi-differ-ftr1tl3s.png Fig. 3: Plant and fungal growth over time where (a) fungi differ only in their phosphorus supply to the plant and access to host carbon is the same for all species, (b) fungi supplying the plant with a large/small amount of phosphorus (αi) have high/low access to host carbon (βi), and (c) fungi provide a very low amount of phosphorus to the plant. Species 1 provides the greatest net benefit to the plant, and species 5 provides the lowest. The plant p is represented as a dashed line, while different fungal species mi are dotted lines, with the numbers close to each curve indicating the species number. Numerical solutions are obtained by solving Eq. (1) for i = 1 .. 5 where (a) αi decreases from 0.62 to 0.38 in steps of size 0.08, while βi = 0.4 for all species. (b) αi increases from 0.40 to 0.48 in steps of size 0.02, for i = 1 .. 5 and βi decreases from 0.38 to 0.30 in steps of size 0.02. (c) αi decreases from 0.2 to 0.12 in steps of size 0.02, while βi = 0.4 for all species. Other parameters are qhp = 3, qcmi = 2, qcp = qhmi = 1, rp = 0.04, µp = 0.3, µm = 0.8, n = s = 2 and d = 1.2, for all species. Initial abundances are p(0) = 0.2, mi(0) = 0.02. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-brief-description-of-the-parameters-of-the-model-of-3a4gr71f.png Table 1: Brief description of the parameters of the model of Eq. (1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-nullclines-p-0-dashed-line-and-p-0-dotted-line-of-the-3g1onqz7.png Fig. 1: Nullclines ṗ = 0 (dashed line) and ṗ = 0 (dotted line) of the system of differential equations given in (1) for N = 1. Arrows represent qualitatively the direction of the flow nearby the stable steady state (p∗,m∗). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-diagram-representation-of-direct-solid-arrows-and-1y32dunb.png Fig. 5: Diagram representation of direct (solid arrows) and indirect (dotted arrows) interactions between a plant and its associated mutualist guild. Species 1 is more mutualistic than species 2, and species 2 is more mutualistic than species 3. Arrows indicate the direction of each interaction, with the sender at the tail of the arrow and the receiver at the head. Green arrows represent positive effects (‘+’) , while red arrows represent negative effects on growth (‘−’). Arrows thickness qualitatively represents the interaction strength. A ‘+’/‘−’ indicates that the sender has a positive/negative effect on the growth of the receiver. A mutualistic interaction is one in which the two parallel interactions are denoted as (‘+’, ‘+’), while a parasitic interaction is one in which one of the parallel interactions is positive and the other is negative (‘+’,‘−’). A competitive interaction is one in which each species negatively impacts the other one, and so it would be labeled (‘−’,‘−’). Interactions between guild members are not competitive (‘−’,‘−’), but parasitic (‘+’,‘−’). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-growth-over-time-of-a-single-plant-associating-with-1mfgmjjn.png Fig. 4: Growth over time of a single plant associating with two species of AM fungi. Species 1 is more mutualistic and provides the plant with more phosphorus than species 2 (α1 > α2). (a) Access to host carbon is the same for both species (β1 = β2) or (b) Species 1 have access to more host carbon than species 2 (β1 > β2). In both cases, the upper figures represent plant biomass over time when the mycorrhizal association is between a plant and two individuals of the more mutualistic species (thin dashed curves, number 1), of the less mutualistic species (thin dashed curves, number 2) or a combination of species 1 and species 2 (thick dashed curves, 12). The bottom figures represent fungal biomass over time when the fungal species are considered in separate association with the plant (thin dotted curves) or grown simultaneously on the same plant (thick dotted curves). Parameters are: α1 = 0.45 and α2 = 0.35, (a) β1 = 0.45 and β2 = 0.35, (b) β1 = β2 = 0.4. Other parameters correspond to those for Fig. 3. Note that we are using parameter values for which plant growth is always enhanced in the presence of AM fungi. https://scispace.com/papers/parasitizations-levels-and-temperature-tolerance-of-rice-bug-1uczgd3svl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parasitization-level-of-parasitoid-in-rice-bug-eggs-ypukd96p.png TABLE I PARASITIZATION LEVEL OF PARASITOID IN RICE BUG EGGS ON PADDY CROP IN WEST PASAMAN REGENCY, WEST SUMATRA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-natality-and-mortality-of-hadronotus-1wjcl5pu.png Fig. 2 Comparison of natality and mortality of Hadronotus leptocorisae egg parasitoids in the laboratory in rice bug eggs from different locations in West Pasaman, West Sumatra https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-adult-of-hadronotus-leptocorisae-parasitoids-a-2dgc15o4.png Fig. 4 The adult of Hadronotus leptocorisae parasitoids a. Unable emerge from the rice bug eggs b. Female antenna emerged but the body trapped c. Male antenna but the body trapped https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-temperature-for-the-longevity-of-hadronotus-d9qu865c.png Fig. 5 Effect of temperature for the longevity of Hadronotus leptocorisae parasitoids in laboratory https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-sample-of-the-rice-bug-eggs-from-different-7o1d2ga4.png Fig. 1 Location sample of the rice bug eggs from different locations in West Pasaman, West Sumatra https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-mortality-relationship-with-the-appearance-of-30s5ks1p.png TABLE II MORTALITY RELATIONSHIP WITH THE APPEARANCE OF HADRONOTUS LEPTOCORISAE EGG PARASITOIDS (DOMINANT PARASITOID) IN WEST PASAMAN ,WEST SUMATRA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-rice-bug-eggs-adhering-in-paddy-leaf-a-eggs-neatly-25ub8pl1.png Fig. 3 The rice bug eggs adhering in paddy leaf: a. Eggs neatly arranged on the leaves, b. there is glue on the surface under the egg https://scispace.com/papers/paravr-a-virtual-reality-training-simulator-for-paramedic-4f9zjbxrxs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-novint-falcon-being-used-to-control-a-virtual-2x1rlz0b.png Figure 3: The Novint Falcon being used to control a virtual needle in ParaVR https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-oculus-rift-hmd-with-its-interaction-devices-3g8pnwt9.png Figure 2. The Oculus Rift HMD with its interaction devices including wireless hand controllers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-part-task-resuscitation-trainer-for-ncct-perkins-2007-1iuz4x6d.png Fig 1. Part-task resuscitation trainer for NCCT (Perkins, 2007). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-vr-model-of-paravr-with-omni-and-oculus-hand-hcv7c6yv.png Fig 4. VR model of ParaVR with Omni and Oculus Hand Controller. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-virtual-reality-models-in-stereo-google-8mqw9vug.png Figure 5. The virtual reality models in stereo Google Cardboard HMD. https://scispace.com/papers/paraxial-geometrical-optics-for-quasi-p-waves-theories-and-21zoka3xrn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-contours-of-q1-z-for-a-2d-vti-model-by-the-adaptive-1lk66u0p.png Fig. 8. (a) Contours of∂q1/∂z for a 2D VTI model by the adaptive-gridding approach. (b) Calibrations of∂q1/∂z at z = 1.0 km for the model: the adaptive-gridding solution (∗) and analytic solution match very well. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-amplitude-contours-for-a-2d-vti-model-by-the-adaptive-2e11j85e.png Fig. 9. Amplitude contours for a 2D VTI model by the adaptive-gridding WENO approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-take-off-angles-for-a-2d-vti-model-by-the-adaptive-15ysqaij.png Fig. 6. (a) Take-off angles for a 2D VTI model by the adaptive-gridding approach: the contours are straight along the ray. (b) Take-off angle calibration atz = 1.0 km for the model: the adaptive-gridding solution (∗) and analytic solution (–) match very well. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-contours-of-q1-x-for-a-2d-vti-model-by-the-adaptive-2gsfaz1t.png Fig. 7. (a) Contours of∂q1/∂x for a 2D VTI model by the adaptive-gridding approach. (b) Calibrations of∂q1/∂x atz = 1.0 km for the model. Sinceq1 = 0 is a stationary point where the accuracy of numerical derivatives∂q1/∂x is poor, this inaccuracy is observed near the apex. Away from the stationary point, the adaptive-gridding solution (∗) and analytic solution (–) match very well. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-contours-of-t-x-for-a-2d-vti-model-by-the-adaptive-pe78tkqa.png Fig. 4. (a) Contours of∂τ/∂x for a 2D VTI model by the adaptive-gridding approach. (b) Comparisons of∂τ/∂x at z = 1.0 km for the model: the adaptive-gridding solution (∗) and analytic solution (–) match very well. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-contours-of-t-z-for-a-2d-vti-model-by-the-adaptive-mrczi3e3.png Fig. 5. (a) Contours of∂τ/∂z for a 2D VTI model by the adaptive-gridding approach. (b) Comparisons of∂τ/∂z at z = 1.0 km for the model: the adaptive-gridding solution (∗) and analytic solution (–) match very well. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-slowness-surface-for-typical-anisotropic-media-a-1jjhq2mj.png Fig. 1. The slowness surface for typical anisotropic media: a sextic surface which consists of three slowness sheets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-traveltime-contours-for-a-2d-vti-model-by-the-292mg8wy.png Fig. 3. (a) Traveltime contours for a 2D VTI model by the adaptive-gridding approach: anisotropic effects on the wave propagation are evident. (b) Traveltime comparison atz = 1.0 km for the model: adaptive-gridding traveltimes (∗) and analytic traveltimes (–) match very well. https://scispace.com/papers/parcoach-extension-for-hybrid-applications-with-54wawa51h5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-parcoach-two-step-analysis-overview-1mzl01bs.png Fig. 2 PARCOACH two-step analysis overview https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-of-interprocedural-analysis-7thgf2nl.png Fig. 5 Example of interprocedural analysis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-overhead-of-average-compilation-time-with-and-without-1rd6k4ge.png Fig. 6 Overhead of average compilation time with and without verification code generation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-automata-of-possible-parallelism-words-nodes-0-and-2-7v49taup.png Fig. 4 Automata of possible parallelism words. Nodes 0 and 2 correspond to code executed by the master thread or a single thread. Node 1 corresponds to code executed in a parallel region, and 3 to code executed in nested parallel region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-categories-of-possible-errors-in-a-hybrid-program-with-37886i92.png Fig. 3 Categories of possible errors in a hybrid program with N MPI processes and two threads per process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mpi-openmp-examples-with-different-uses-of-mpi-calls-1zjp1m9v.png Fig. 1 MPI+OpenMP Examples with different uses of MPI calls. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-pieces-of-hacc-io-module-code-2d2o37hn.png Fig. 8 Pieces of HACC/IO module code https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-execution-time-overhead-for-mz-nas-class-b-and-33bjft7d.png Fig. 7 Execution-Time Overhead for MZ (NAS class B) and HERAwith 8 threads per MPI process (Strong scaling) https://scispace.com/papers/parent-functioning-and-child-psychotherapy-outcomes-17fuhvc15g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-estimates-and-standard-errors-for-intake-oq-scores-22p8bxga.png Table 8 Estimates and Standard Errors for Intake OQ Scores Predicting Y-OQ-SR Intake Scores and Change https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-intake-means-and-standard-deviations-of-oq-domains-2225wha6.png Table 1 Intake Means and Standard Deviations of OQ Domains and Y-OQ Scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-change-categories-for-subclinical-sample-oq-scores-3ibqd5vz.png Table 6 Change Categories for Subclinical Sample OQ Scores https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-oq-trajectory-22a95qgl.png Figure 1 Average OQ Trajectory https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-interpersonal-relations-at-intake-predicting-2qk9oslj.png Figure 6 Interpersonal Relations at Intake Predicting Changes in Y-OQ-SR Scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-covariances-and-standard-errors-for-oq-y-oq-slope-357a1028.png Table 12 Covariances and Standard Errors for OQ * Y-OQ Slope Interactions https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-estimates-and-standard-errors-for-intake-y-oq-sr-2jrstgx9.png Table 11 Estimates and Standard Errors for Intake Y-OQ-SR Scores Predicting OQ Intake Scores and Change https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fixed-effect-estimates-random-variance-and-standard-mp0rt84q.png Table 3 Fixed Effect Estimates, Random Variance, and Standard Errors for OQ Domain and OQ Total Change Trajectories https://scispace.com/papers/parent-child-dynamics-and-emerging-adult-religiosity-59xf55ftf2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-model-predicting-emerging-adult-intrinsic-vlg81lsw.png Table 3 Model Predicting Emerging Adult Intrinsic Religiosity https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pearson-correlations-among-emerging-adult-341lav6w.png Table 1 Pearson Correlations Among Emerging Adult Religiosity and Parental Religiosity Variables https://scispace.com/papers/parent-verbal-contingencies-during-the-lidcombe-program-2yzj67tz15 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1n08lavk.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1tsogae0.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-vu7yon1n.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/parent-of-origin-effects-in-the-life-course-evolution-of-25jaod7262 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-strobe-flow-diagram-of-the-pune-maternal-nutrition-1r2v2asx.png Figure 1. STROBE flow diagram of the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parent-of-origin-test-for-offspring-anthropometry-1jkre1y4.png Table 2. Parent-of-origin test for offspring anthropometry. Association between offspring anthropometry measures with that of each of the parents are presented as beta values and se. Differences between maternal and paternal effects are presented as Z scores and p-values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-ofoffspring-and-parents-of-the-pune-33dsdef2.png Table 1. Description ofoffspring and parents of the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study (PMNS) for visits at offspring ages 6-, 12- and 18- years. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parent-of-origin-effects-of-cardiometabolic-traits-9pkfu11b.png Table 3: Parent-of-origin effects of cardiometabolic traits. Association between offspring measures with that of each of the parents are presented as beta values and se. Differences between maternal and paternal effects are presented as Z scores and p-values. https://scispace.com/papers/parental-control-in-different-life-contexts-for-paediatric-568l62ykq1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentages-of-broader-dimensions-of-parental-18cguo06.png Figure 1. Percentages of broader dimensions of parental control in the six daily routine situations, separately (a) and together (b) (N=16) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-absolute-frequency-of-parental-control-case-by-case-ije4nwax.png Figure 4. Absolute frequency of parental control, case by case, in peer interaction (N=16) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-broader-dimensions-of-the-percentages-of-2gmyg4wa.png Figure 3. The broader dimensions of the percentages of parental control in the two peer interaction situations, separately (a) and together (b) (N=16) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3hdie5eh.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-absolute-frequency-of-parental-control-case-by-case-cw0q6lfm.png Figure 2. Absolute frequency of parental control, case by case, in daily routine (N=16) https://scispace.com/papers/parental-expectation-of-side-effects-following-vaccination-14i67qes17 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-associations-between-variables-and-intention-to-24qbb9s3.png Table 6. Associations between variables and intention to vaccinate https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-psychological-predictors-and-associations-with-side-1xvtwz1x.png Table 2. Psychological predictors and associations with side-effect reporting https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mediation-analyses-for-effect-of-direct-expectation-2wc63goc.png Table 4. Mediation analyses for effect of direct expectation as a mediator on perception of side-effects at T2 and T3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-associations-between-reporting-side-effects-at-t2-y758gbo7.png Table 7. Associations between reporting side-effects at T2 and T3 and parents’ perceived sensitivity of their child to medicines https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-general-attitudes-and-associations-with-side-effect-2xva9mt5.png Table 3. General attitudes and associations with side-effect reporting https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participants-personal-characteristics-and-ql0ihgfw.png Table 1. Participants’ personal characteristics and associations with side-effect reporting https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-participants-personal-characteristics-and-17eqe3ru.png Table 5. Participants’ personal characteristics and associations with intention to vaccinate https://scispace.com/papers/parental-evaluation-of-a-telemonitoring-service-for-children-qasxrvxxqr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-baseline-questionnaire-section-1-percentages-of-3bfam73x.png Figure 2. Baseline questionnaire, Section 1: percentages of responses expressing a positive tendency (i.e. ”Never” or ”Rarely”) stratified according to explanatory variables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-baseline-questionnaire-section-1-correlation-hmu9hwku.png Figure 4. Baseline questionnaire, Section 1: correlation between total score and children’s age. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-post-study-questionnaire-section-1-total-score-2cx09nnu.png Figure 5. Post-study questionnaire, Section 1: total score according to children’s age. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-baseline-questionnaire-section-1-total-scores-akijybif.png Figure 3. Baseline questionnaire, Section 1: total scores according to the five centers. https://scispace.com/papers/parental-experience-of-prophylactic-antibiotics-3931thjjfq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-anonymised-quotations-parental-consent-specifically-2n56tg8v.png Table 3 Anonymised quotations (Parental consent specifically obtained) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-characteristics-3anyi372.png Table 1: Participant characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-themes-identified-in-the-analysis-29gq5dgt.png Table 2: Themes identified in the analysis https://scispace.com/papers/parental-mediation-of-television-test-of-a-german-speaking-1fslldpuuh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistical-values-of-television-mediation-scales-18q1whh4.png TABLE 2 Statistical values of television mediation scales https://scispace.com/papers/parental-influences-on-adolescent-involvement-in-community-41d0im7u7d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-shows-means-and-standard-deviations-for-all-model-fdmcrww9.png Table 1 shows means and standard deviations for all model variables separately for boys and girls. In the 9th grade, girls participated in an average of 5,43 activities, whereas boys participated in an average of 4.33 activities, 0359.1) = 3.88, p < .01. In 10th grade, girls were still participating in significantly more activities, 5.05, than boys, 4.25, t(360) = 2.47, p < .05, although the magnitude of this difference was somewhat smaller. No other means differed by sex. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-also-shows-the-means-and-standard-deviations-for-all-9x9qd72d.png Table 2 also shows the means and standard deviations for all model variables separately for high versus low community involvement families. In 9th grade, adolescents from high-involvement families participated in an average of 5.49 activities, whereas adolescents from low-involvement families participated in an average of 4.31 activities, t(360) = 4.13, p < .01. In 10th grade, adolescents from high-involvement families still participated in significantly more activities, 5.46, than adolescents from low-involvement families, 3.88, t(346.6) = 4.96, p < .01. No other variable means differed significantly for these two groups. https://scispace.com/papers/parental-offending-and-children-s-emergency-department-2h9f08yeb6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multivariate-hazard-ratios-hr-for-childs-emergency-uwntk4q2.png Table 3. Multivariate Hazard Ratios (HR) for child’s Emergency Department (ED) presentation for (i) any reason and (ii) physical injury adjusted for all covariate factors https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-description-zkuz0p9u.png Table 1. Sample description https://scispace.com/papers/parental-resources-and-child-abuse-and-neglect-42vh4takqv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-determinants-of-child-maltreatment-138z1x3b.png TABLE 1-DETERMINANTS OF CHILD MALTREATMENT https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-detailed-determinants-of-child-maltreatment-26b5smo8.png TABLE 2-DETAILED DETERMINANTS OF CHILD MALTREATMENT https://scispace.com/papers/parenteral-versus-oral-iron-therapy-for-adults-and-children-midwo410jl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-subgroup-analysis-and-meta-regression-to-examine-coqqsf60.png Table 3.   Subgroup analysis and meta-regression to examine heterogeneity in ferritin meta-analyses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-continued-5izx1k30.png Figure 3.   Risk of bias summary: Review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-risk-of-bias-summary-review-authors-judgements-3k48vow5.png Figure 3.   Risk of bias summary: Review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-subgroup-analysis-and-meta-regression-to-examine-3bmc8li1.png Table 3.   Subgroup analysis and meta-regression to examine heterogeneity in ferritin meta-analyses https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-laboratory-outcomes-in-dialysis-and-chronic-kidney-3n1it1kd.png Table 1.   Laboratory outcomes in dialysis and chronic kidney disease participants  (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-subgroup-analysis-and-meta-regression-to-examine-1seouwml.png Table 2.   Subgroup analysis and meta-regression to examine heterogeneity in haemoglobin meta-analyses https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-subgroup-analysis-and-meta-regression-to-examine-31p54xby.png Table 4.   Subgroup analysis and meta-regression to examine heterogeneity in transferrin saturation metaanalyses  (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-risk-of-bias-graph-review-authors-judgements-about-226lgkfs.png Figure 2.   Risk of bias graph: Review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies https://scispace.com/papers/parental-perspectives-on-negotiations-over-diet-and-physical-4i6wkzu74u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-parents-612-31jqrz1e.png Table 2. Characteristics of the parents 612 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-interview-topic-guide-611-2toy8iu4.png Table 1: Interview Topic Guide 611 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-thematic-map-showing-parents-perspectives-of-their-3mfdkuqj.png Figure 2: Thematic map showing parents’ perspectives of their role in supporting 628 adolescent health 629 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-coding-frame-used-for-thematic-analysis-625-zm0mebu0.png Figure 1: Coding frame used for thematic analysis 625 https://scispace.com/papers/parental-values-in-the-uk-5d9h6odyvz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-results-of-rank-ordered-logit-odds-ratios-2b5h3dqj.png Table IV: Results of rank-ordered logit (odds ratios) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-distribution-of-ranks-and-mean-rank-for-each-28h6pg7j.png Table I: Distribution of ranks and mean rank for each parental value https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-distribution-of-independent-variables-included-in-317q4abx.png Table II: Distribution of independent variables included in the analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-mean-rank-for-each-parental-value-by-core-3tf8av83.png Table III: Mean rank for each parental value by core explanatory variables https://scispace.com/papers/parenting-as-mediator-between-post-divorce-family-structure-2ulxbimksc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-measurement-model-for-latent-constructs-1se9vdza.png Figure 1: Measurement model for latent constructs https://scispace.com/papers/parenting-in-post-divorce-estonian-families-a-qualitative-cbahjuwbli 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-profiles-of-female-interviewees-based-on-3twqs0iv.png Table 1. Profiles of female interviewees (based on interviewees' self definitions) https://scispace.com/papers/parents-in-transition-experiences-of-parents-of-young-people-1eg0ow869p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-topic-guide-for-use-in-the-interviews-with-parents-3v374055.png Table 2: Topic guide for use in the interviews with parents https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-information-for-parents-and-young-people-38efrg2u.png Table 1. Demographic information for parents and young people https://scispace.com/papers/parents-scaffold-the-formation-of-conversational-pacts-with-un1d2gr5jj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-accuracy-improves-over-time-for-all-groups-b-2yn8ere2.png Figure 2: (A) Accuracy improves over time for all groups. (B) Number of dialogue exchanges is higher for younger children. Error bars are 95% CIs. The drop in accuracy for 8-year-olds is likely an artifact of a small set of children losing interest in the task. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-probability-of-words-used-on-final-round-first-2dcsyrfp.png Figure 4: (A) Probability of words used on final round first occuring with child or parent. (B) Complexity of language used by different age groups estimated from words’ average age of acquisition. Error bars are 95% CI. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-tangram-figures-used-as-referential-targets-b-39ncrdgv.png Figure 1: (A) Tangram figures used as referential targets, (B) director and matcher displays, (C) trial sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-total-number-of-words-in-referential-expressions-3cauzvvi.png Figure 3: Total number of words in referential expressions produced by children and parents over the course of interaction. https://scispace.com/papers/pargasite-at-high-pressure-and-temperature-2cpwnmgv7a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-deposited-refined-positional-and-displacement-1zo21phn.png Table 6 (deposited). Refined positional and displacement parameters of pargasite at different 1243 pressures. (*) fixed value; the s.o.f. are given as ∑e- . 1244 https://scispace.com/papers/parity-violation-in-deep-inelastic-scattering-at-jlab-6-gev-2q1t3sn2lw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-effective-couplings-c1q-left-and-c2q-right-the-2ke5yqcn.png Fig. 2. The effective couplings C1q (left) and C2q (right) . The future Qweak experiment combined with the APV-Cs result will provide the most precise data and the best Standard Model test on C1q. For C2q , the SAMPLE result for C2u − C2d at Q2 = 0.1 GeV2 [22] and the current PDG value for 2C2u−C2d are shown. Assuming the SM prediction of 2C1u − C1d, the value of 2C2u − C2d can be determined from this experiment to ∆(2C2u − C2d) = ±0.03. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hall-a-floor-plan-for-the-proposed-measurement-1b40s2fm.png Fig. 1. Hall A floor plan for the proposed measurement. https://scispace.com/papers/parker-problem-in-hall-magnetohydrodynamics-42mbcqj211 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-magnetic-field-profile-for-the-parker-problem-in-hall-2qvvfmsr.png FIG. 1. Magnetic field profile for the Parker problem in Hall MHD. 1 By x, 2 By 1 /x3, and 3 By 1 /x https://scispace.com/papers/park-and-neighborhood-attributes-associated-with-park-use-an-3xv1h7girp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-contextual-data-collection-protocol-1uwnqvk6.png Table 1 Contextual data collection protocol https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-conceptual-framework-of-park-use-w2pckl0u.png Figure 1. A conceptual framework of park use https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variable-list-and-descriptive-statistics-3e4zxg54.png Table 2 Variable list and descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-incident-rate-ratio-irr-of-negative-binomial-models-5k6huh5l.png Table 5 Incident rate ratio (IRR) of negative binomial models by user groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-uav-observation-process-36mh1ag5.png Figure 3. UAV observation process https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-negative-binomial-regression-model-of-the-total-3fpy8cux.png Table 4 Negative binomial regression model of the total number of park users https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-oblique-rotated-factor-loadings-built-environment-sivlpwoh.png Table 3 Oblique-rotated factor loadings: built environment and socio-demographic variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-map-of-park-sites-in-salt-lake-county-utah-n-30-1806ddh7.png Figure 2. Map of park sites in Salt Lake County, Utah (n=30) https://scispace.com/papers/parking-futures-preparing-european-cities-for-the-advent-of-4ls63dk2cf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-contrasting-implications-of-avs-uptake-2lj0ywha.png Table 1 Summary of contrasting implications of AVs’ uptake: shared vs private AVs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-policy-packages-and-path-agenda-1qm7p07e.png Fig. 2. Policy packages and path agenda. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-backcasting-procedure-used-31hcvjam.png Fig. 1. Backcasting procedure used. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-core-values-of-the-city-of-tomorrow-3ijz5wsm.png Table 2 Summary of core values of the city of tomorrow. Source: own work from Daffara (2011); EU (2016); Joffe and Smith (2016); Khan and Zaman (2018); Ortegón-Sánchez and Tyler (2016); Ratcliffe and Krawczyk (2011) and Williams (2014). https://scispace.com/papers/parking-on-a-random-tree-4g4u8yp8rn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-graphs-of-f0-s-black-solid-curve-and-f-1-s-grey-1aenvecw.png Figure 2.The graphs of f0(s) (black solid curve) and f−1(s) (grey dashed curve) for α = 0.9 and p = 0.251042, giving s′ ≈ 0.3832. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-tree-t-a-critical-poisson-galton-watson-tree-2fsa3jck.png Figure 1.The tree T , a critical Poisson–Galton–Watson tree conditioned on non-extinction. The trees attached to the path on N are almost surely finite. https://scispace.com/papers/parmela-simulations-of-a-pwt-photoinjector-tko9vyzime 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-a-pwt-photoinjector-28h2jpez.png Figure 1: Schematic of a PWT photoinjector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-threshold-peak-field-for-electrons-emitted-from-the-jhp6gqgx.png Figure 4: Threshold peak field for electrons emitted from the first PWT iris reaching the cathode surface. The insert shows the iris geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-examples-of-snapshots-projected-onto-an-x-y-plane-pkllwlet.png Figure 5: Examples of snapshots (projected onto an x-y plane) of backstreaming electrons emitted (a) from the cathode holder, and (b) from the first iris. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-emittance-vs-magnetic-field-for-1-nc-bunch-the-1s539g6e.png Figure 3: Emittance vs magnetic field for 1 nC bunch. The solid diamonds are for a 0.625 first cell at a peak field of 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 MV/m, and the open circles are for a 0.5 first cell at 45, 55, 73, 91, 109, 127 and 145 MV/m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pwt-beam-parameters-for-1-nc-bunch-charge-1s5ueeoj.png Figure 2: PWT beam parameters for 1 nC bunch charge. https://scispace.com/papers/pars-plana-vitrectomy-for-diabetic-macular-edema-a-qmq9og9fi8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-risk-of-bias-summary-and-graph-2eud52fw.png Figure 1. Risk of bias summary and graph. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-meta-analysis-of-change-in-optimal-coherence-lsge9dzs.png Figure 3. Meta-analysis of change in optimal coherence tomography macular thickness comparing pars plana vitrectomy to standard care https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-randomized-controlled-study-characteristics-included-c3qdutig.png Table 1. Randomized controlled study characteristics included in the meta-analysis, showing visual acuity and central retinal thickness before and after pars plana vitrectomy https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-intra-and-postoperative-complications342-444648-82-2vatqbdf.png Table 2. Intra- and postoperative complications3,42-44,46,48-82 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-meta-analysis-of-vision-outcome-comparing-pars-gw2g0pkr.png Figure 2. Meta-analysis of vision outcome comparing pars plana vitrectomy to standard care https://scispace.com/papers/parsing-density-changes-an-outcome-oriented-growth-j4ddgyb6f8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-analytical-framework-1a58jkqw.png Figure 2. Analytical Framework https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variables-data-1nlailm3.png Table 1. Variables & Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-analysis-result-dependent-variable-log-of-3hfpwtrk.png Table 4. Regression Analysis Result (Dependent Variable: Log of the change rate in housing units per developed area between 2001 and 2006) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-analysis-result-dependent-variable-log-of-2v447ehv.png Table 3. Regression Analysis Result (Dependent Variable: Log of vacancy change rate between 2001 and 2006) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-1p1gahxl.png Table 2. Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/papers/part-i-theory-report-for-creep-plast-computer-program-1s363qpcuv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-step-load-creep-test-of-type-304-staintless-steel-1wgzxbxq.png Figure 3. Step-Load Creep Test of Type-304 Staintless Steel at 1200°F https://scispace.com/papers/part-load-performance-characterization-and-energy-savings-582wr9vyld 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-daikin-rebel-unit-source-daikin-reprinted-with-1y97ojje.png Figure 1: Daikin Rebel Unit (Source: Daikin). Reprinted with permission from Daikin https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-coefficients-for-the-eir-modifier-curves-28mua1r1.png Table 2: Regression coefficients for the EIR modifier curves a function of temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-predicted-and-measured-eir-modifiers-3i6w6e1y.png Figure 3: Comparison of predicted and measured EIR modifiers as a function of temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-annual-hvac-energy-costs-of-the-modeled-retail-29gkw3g8.png Table 9: Annual HVAC energy costs of the modeled retail building https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-annual-rtu-total-energy-savings-from-the-use-of-1o3kx83u.png Figure 8: Annual RTU total energy savings from the use of Rebel units compared to the three reference units for the modeled retail building https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-electricity-and-natural-gas-prices-by-locations-tg3y5wk9.png Table 8: Electricity and natural gas prices by locations https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-curve-coefficients-for-the-1st-stage-dx-cooling-coil-1cae9fo4.png Table 6: Curve coefficients for the 1st stage DX cooling coil in Reference 3 model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-predicted-and-measured-capacity-1u1mez11.png Figure 2: Comparison of predicted and measured capacity modifiers as a function of temperatures https://scispace.com/papers/partial-ages-diagnosing-transport-processes-by-means-of-zhlompm4yb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-mean-age-a-j-in-the-different-sub-basins-of-the-world-2l4cvt1i.png Fig. 8 Mean age a,j in the different sub-basins of the World Ocean https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-channel-flow-with-lateral-storage-1p2jpyrd.png Fig. 2 Channel flow with lateral storage https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-steady-state-distribution-of-the-age-and-partial-ages-1qmn9xrk.png Fig. 5 Steady state distribution of the age and partial ages (unit = 103 years) in the model schematized in Fig. 4 for μ = 0.2, L = 4000 km, u = 0.5 10−7 m/s, and κ = 0.2 cm2/s corresponding to Pe = 10 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematized-model-of-the-ventilation-of-the-world-2vw9rsg8.png Fig. 4 Schematized model of the ventilation of the World Ocean https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-partial-ages-ai-j-in-the-world-ocean-normalized-by-the-158rd62u.png Fig. 9 Partial ages ai,j in the World Ocean normalized by the global average (total) water age ā = 764 years (a, top panel) or by the mean (total) water age in the corresponding sub-domain (b, bottom panel). In both figures, values smaller than 0.0001 are painted in black https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematized-picture-of-a-river-discharging-into-a-y6j3k014.png Fig. 1 Schematized picture of a river discharging into a coastal region and of the paths of two particles visiting different subregions. The domain is split into four non overlapping subdomains https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-partial-age-in-the-1d-periodic-advection-dominated-ud1dx9p5.png Fig. 10 Partial age in the 1D periodic (advection dominated) flow schematized in the top panel. The temporal evolution of a[0,d] is shown in the bottom panel for x = d (blue) and x = 4d (red). When the velocity (thin black, right axis) suddenly increases, e.g., at time t = 600 s, a[0,d] is larger at x = 4d than at x = d https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-age-and-partial-ages-at-steady-state-in-a-one-3ant6vau.png Fig. 3 Age and partial ages at steady state in a one-dimensional flow https://scispace.com/papers/partial-discharge-detection-using-plc-receivers-in-mv-cables-7i5x605wm9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-ofdm-signal-used-in-the-30k9ycm1.png Table 1: Parameters of the OFDM signal used in the simulations (Type-III OPERA signal) [12]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-example-of-power-budget-in-a-plc-link-opera-type-iii-28kqy2kz.png Table 2: Example of power budget in a PLC link (OPERA type-III). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pd-peak-values-apd-versus-pdpar-for-a-plc-received-3tcupyud.png Table 3: PD peak values APD versus PDPAR for a PLC received power of −42 dBm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bb-ofdm-plc-link-reference-model-plc-transmitter-is-c0sr63q7.png Figure 1: BB-OFDM PLC link reference model: PLC transmitter is connected to the MV grid in one substation, whereas PLC receivers are connected in other substations. The Rx basic subsystems are: analogue front end (AFE), time domain processor (TDP), fast Fourier transform (FFT), frequency domain processor (FDP), and partial discharges detector. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-description-of-case-studies-ks968n7g.png Table 4: Description of case studies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-contour-plot-of-pdpar-versus-nfwtm-for-a-snr-of-20-dxqs6ccm.png Figure 5: Contour plot of PDPAR versus nFWTM for a SNR of 20 dB at the PLC receiver input and detection coefficient DTh = 1.1 for both detectors. Isolines are plotted for detection ratios R1 of 0.1, 0.5, and 0.95. The approximate positions of the four case studies are also indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-effects-of-inter-carrier-interference-ici-due-to-ej9ohmjf.png Figure 8: Effects of inter-carrier interference (ICI) due to frequency offset (FO, normalized to the inter-carrier distance) in the proposed NCD (case A) and ZCD (case B). The value of the detection coefficient DTh is also shown. The “*” symbols mean that the NCs have been isolated, as described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-noise-and-pds-in-ofdm-ncs-subplot-a-z-31m3scd0.png Figure 2: Effect of noise and PDs in OFDM NCs. Subplot (a): Z-plane showing complex samples Yn,k without noise (diamond), with noise (circles), and affected by a PD (squares). Subplot (b): Quantile–quantile plot comparing the simulated values of |Yn,k | 2 of one OFDM symbol affected by a PD (ordinate) versus the simulated values of |Yn,k | 2 corresponding to other OFDM symbols not affected by PDs (abscissa). Subplot (c): histograms of |Yn,k | 2 in both situations previously described. Only the NCs are drawn (k ∈ SNC). In (b) and (c), data have been obtained by simulation. https://scispace.com/papers/partially-synthesised-dataset-to-improve-prediction-accuracy-43ajbwg21o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-distribution-of-class-labels-in-accordance-with-1aa03nxw.png Figure 2. The distribution of class labels in accordance with BMI cut-off points https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-evaluation-of-partially-synthesised-data-i-e-3em02wkg.png Table 2. The evaluation of partially synthesised data (i.e., adding extra risk factor) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-evaluation-of-real-world-data-i-e-risk-factors-3884m11s.png Table 1. The evaluation of real-world data (i.e., risk factors) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-first-principal-component-vs-second-principal-18pbslog.png Figure 3. First principal component vs. second principal component https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-age-1o5ug1f2.png Figure 1. Distribution of age https://scispace.com/papers/partially-ordered-sets-in-complex-networks-1y5tck96i1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-basic-properties-including-the-number-of-8u82pnt6.png Table 1. The basic properties including the number of vertices N, the average degree ⟨k⟩ and the average clustering coefficient ⟨C⟩, for the three kinds of real-world networks and the artificial networks derived by the three models. All the networks have a power-law degree distribution P(k) and almost all the networks except those derived by the BA model have a power-law clustering function C(k). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-average-distance-d-lph-l-between-families-with-y6t06asw.png Figure 7. The average distance d(lφ ! L) between families with their size larger than L as functions of size L. Generally, The similar logarithmically decreasing trend of d(lφ ! L) suggests that most of the large families are always centralized around unique centers in these real-world networks and families continuously shrink as they depart from the centers, which can be somewhat explained by the DMS model. Moreover, the centralization seems to be abruptly enhanced when L > 200 for the AS relationship networks and L > 400 for the friendship network, which may indicate a similar two-level structure of these networks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-partially-ordered-set-based-properties-i-e-the-2wo65utt.png Table 2. The partially ordered set-based properties, i.e. the number of chains Nθ , the average chain length ⟨Lθ ⟩, the average incoming degree ⟨kin⟩ of the chain graph, the number of families Nφ , the average family diversity ⟨ψ⟩, the average family size ⟨Lφ⟩ and the average family overlapping size ⟨Loφ⟩, for the three kinds of real-world networks and the artificial networks derived by the three models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-family-diversity-distributions-the-26cgi04t.png Figure 6. The family diversity distributions. The distributions for the AS relationship networks possess a near power-law property, i.e. P(ψ) ∼ ψ−2.0, which can be explained by the DMS model to a certain extent, while those for the protein–protein interaction networks and the friendship network present a similar exponential decayed power-law property, i.e. P(ψ) ∼ ψ−γ e−λψ , with different parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-chain-length-distributions-for-a-the-four-2ph6ov01.png Figure 3. The chain length distributions for (a) the four protein–protein interaction networks; (b) the six AS relationship networks; (c) the Douban friendship network and (d) the three artificial networks. All of the distributions for the three kinds of real-world networks seem to be consistent with a power-law property, i.e. P(lθ ) ∼ l−αθ , with different exponents, while those for the artificial networks do not have such property or, at least, have too narrow chain length distributions. Here only the chains with their length larger than 1, i.e. lθ > 1, are fitted. It should be noted that the data in the figures (the same for figure 6) experience the same smoothing process: denoting aq = p × 10q and bq = (p + 1) × 10q where p = 1, 2, . . . , 9 and q ! 1 is a natural number, the average probability that the chains with length lθ ∈ (aq , bq ] appear in the network then is calculated by P(lqθ ) = 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-following-the-definition-of-the-partial-relation-kfvg3deh.png Figure 1. (a) Following the definition of the partial relation ≼, the network has two chains va ≼ vb ≼ vc ≼ vd and vi ≼ vj ≼ vk ≼ vl . It should be noted that both the subsets {va, vb, vc} and {va, vb, vc, vd , vi} are not chains here just because the former one is not a ‘maximum’ linearly ordered subset and the latter one cannot be linearly ordered at all. (b) Two chains va ≼ vb ≼ vc and ve ≼ vd ≼ vc sharing the same end-vertex vc are grouped as a family {va, vb, ve, vd , vc}. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-chains-extracted-in-real-world-networks-a-as-y01uj1tz.png Figure 4. Chains extracted in real-world networks: (a) AS relationship network and (b) Douban friendship network. The first chain associated with directed lines consists of 11 vertices marked by 1, 2, . . . , 11, and these vertices have totally three neighbors marked by 12, 13, 14 respectively, while the second chain consists of 13 vertices which are connected to totally six neighbors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-well-ordered-mechanism-of-social-networks-vr-as-15e47sf5.png Figure 5. The well-ordered mechanism of social networks. vr , as a person of high status in a social circle, always recommends his close friends or other people of high prestige, i.e. v1, v2 and v3, in a relatively fixed order to his adherents, i.e. va, vb, vc and vd . As a result, the freshman va is more likely to be associated with the recommendees of higher rank, e.g., v1, which, in most cases, are also the friends of his precursors sharing the same recommender, and thus long chains will be formed as time goes on. https://scispace.com/papers/participation-in-an-adapted-version-of-mbct-in-psychiatric-4k6q2ocwg0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-drop-out-after-session-number-mabrehk3.png Fig. 1 Drop-out after session number https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-participants-compared-to-populations-of-origin-1nckjs1u.png Table 2 Participants compared to populations of origin https://scispace.com/papers/participant-observation-of-a-mars-surface-habitat-mission-4r1jw50u2n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-video-camera-set-up-for-time-lapse-recording-with-a8i1dswn.png Figure 3. Video camera set up for time lapse recording, with an example frame (Pletser is about to surprise the group with a box of candy) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sleep-duration-by-crewmembers-gvr594xo.png Figure 2. Sleep duration by crewmembers https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mdrs5-mars-mission-options-cf-table-2-3-larson-2bc6hgs9.png Table 1. MDRS5 Mars Mission Options (cf. Table 2-3, Larson & Balogh 1999) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-total-time-devoted-to-galley-operations-by-the-31jdfvpq.png Figure 1. Total time devoted to galley operations by the assigned crew member, April 8-19; average 4 hrs 23 minutes (e.g., crewmember V = 210 min. on April 8). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-plan-for-saturday-april-13-strikeouts-for-previous-1u5v1l3v.png Table 2. Plan for Saturday, April 13 (strikeouts for previous day indicate tasks that were not started or abandoned; repetitions such as A’s “EVA64 report” indicate continued work; DGO = galley operations; EOA & EOP = refuel generator). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-total-number-of-words-in-reports-released-for-web-1lsq5m9q.png Figure 6. Total number of words in reports released for web publication by the MDRS5 crew per day. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-affect-of-rescheduling-on-individuals-available-214xmrlc.png Figure 5: Affect of rescheduling on individual’s available productive time (9am – 10pm), shown as time in hours for daily activities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-different-work-system-designs-facilities-tools-3r44ndh1.png Figure 10. Different work system designs (facilities, tools, crew roles, etc.) affect the resources available, which affects the quality and quantity of work products. https://scispace.com/papers/participation-in-curbside-recycling-schemes-and-its-mwwpx06pu3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relationship-between-the-number-of-materials-collected-octij0t1.png Fig. 1. Relationship between the number of materials collected in a kerbside service and the participation rate, from published studies (listed in Table 1) and the three schemes reported in this study (denoted in black) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-scheme-characteristics-of-schemes-a-b-c-21tphj4g.png Table 2 Summary of scheme characteristics of Schemes A, B, C carried out in this study https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-breakdown-of-participation-frequency-in-schemes-a-b-umc0ekmx.png Table 3 Breakdown of participation frequency in Schemes A, B and C https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-detailed-breakdown-of-participation-rates-in-scheme-205h7lfs.png Table 4 Detailed breakdown of participation rates (%) in Scheme C by number of set-outs and material set-out over the four week monitoring period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reported-measured-participation-rates-in-the-uk-2mmvpbmq.png Table 1 Reported measured participation rates in the UK https://scispace.com/papers/participation-responsibility-and-choice-summoning-the-active-1m21avyeoh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-changes-in-the-legal-framework-for-social-care-in-1dazg2cg.png Figure 1 Changes in the legal framework for social care in the Netherlands https://scispace.com/papers/participatory-approach-in-decision-making-processes-for-3d5zjg84ji 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-final-results-of-the-ca-lou9ukd2.png Table 3: Final results of the CA https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-criteria-for-the-comparative-analysis-sustainability-2z81lzro.png Table 1: Criteria for the Comparative Analysis: Sustainability Indicators https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-criteria-weights-elicited-by-simos-procedure-3t8ezst2.png Table 2: Criteria weights elicited by Simos procedure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-value-functions-for-the-4-types-of-criteria-22hencm8.png Figure 2: Value functions for the 4 types of criteria https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-final-ranking-of-the-options-2dj2yi64.png Figure 3: Final ranking of the options https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparative-analysis-procedure-3va5dw4q.png Figure 1: Comparative Analysis procedure https://scispace.com/papers/participatory-budgeting-as-a-form-of-dialogic-accounting-in-5679bwbbi3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-actors-embeddedness-their-reflexivity-patterns-of-1ku5w83p.png Table 4. Actors’ embeddedness, their reflexivity, patterns of institutional work mobilized in 2014-2016 and outcome for PB experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-actors-embeddedness-their-reflexivity-patterns-of-qvy1ueoi.png Table 2. Actors’ embeddedness, their reflexivity, patterns of institutional work mobilized in the first stage and outcome for PB experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-actors-embeddedness-their-reflexivity-patterns-of-2e8vcuzp.png Table 3. Actors’ embeddedness, their reflexivity, patterns of institutional work mobilized during PB implementation and the outcome for PB experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-principles-to-underpin-dialogic-accounting-and-2fgd8l27.png Table 1. Principles to underpin dialogic accounting and application for PB (based on Brown, 2009; Brown and Dillard, 2015a,b) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-dialogic-accounting-principles-and-pb-experiment-in-31k79f8n.png Table 5. Dialogic accounting principles and PB experiment in a Russian municipality. https://scispace.com/papers/participatory-quantitative-health-impact-assessment-of-urban-4ak7jza8ad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-general-description-of-examples-of-urban-and-2toi83d0.png Table 2. General description of examples of Urban and Transport Policies/Interventions/Scenarios that could be modeled using Health impact assessment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-participatory-full-chain-health-impact-assessment-1vjaf968.png Figure 3 Participatory full-chain health impact assessment with an example for air quality https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-framework-of-links-between-urban-and-3c5yz7ue.png Figure 1 Conceptual framework of links between urban and transport planning, environmental exposures, physical activity and health (after Nieuwenhuijsen 2016) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-connection-between-parts-of-the-work-in-a-health-27btkzmp.png Figure 2. Connection between parts of the work in a Health Impact Assessment framework https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-recommendations-for-politicians-authorities-urban-3vthdma7.png Table 3. Recommendations for politicians/authorities, urban and transport experts, public health practitioners and researchers. https://scispace.com/papers/participatory-soundscape-sensing-37u4hknie9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-percentage-of-sound-sources-and-land-uses-at-different-2saw3ymj.png Fig. 8. Percentage of sound sources and land uses at different sound comfort levels 214 Most of the measurement activities were conducted in a residential area (R). The categories 215 of business area (B), industrial area (M), and road, street, and transportation area (S) have 216 lower proportions at the highest sound comfort level. 217 Based on the results, we find that increasing the proportion of natural source sounds and 218 more reasonable land use configurations that reduce the proportion of human-made source 219 sounds can be expected to enhance the sound comfort level. However, increasing human 220 activities source sound does not decrease sound comfort. 221 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-percentage-of-subjective-evaluation-sound-level-and-39d8u0zo.png Fig. 9. Percentage of subjective evaluation sound level and sound harmoniousness at different 223 sound comfort levels 224 When the sound comfort level is shifted from very uncomfortable to very comfortable, Fig. 225 9 shows the sound harmoniousness level is also enhanced, whereas the subjective evaluation 226 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-162-the-laeq-values-of-spm-and-mobile-phones-in-the-1czp4v56.png Table 1 162 The LAeq values of SPM and mobile phones in the same outdoor environment (dBA) 163 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-different-mobile-phones-compared-with-spm-161-1jm75qy8.png Fig. 3. Different mobile phones compared with SPM 161 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-logical-architecture-for-spl-meter-73-1ijq4w3l.png Fig. 1. Logical architecture for SPL Meter 73 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-daily-variation-of-measured-activities-178-3vessglu.png Fig. 4. Daily variation of measured activities 178 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-map-of-measured-sites-and-percentages-in-each-country-3n1jqjin.png Fig. 5. Map of measured sites and percentages in each country 180 3.3. Data quality impacted by gender and age 181 A complete measurement record includes information on LAeq, mLpa, mF, L10, L50, L90, land 182 use, GPS, gender, age, sound sources, and subjective sound evaluation level (level, comfort, 183 and harmoniousness). The first six physical indicators described the sound and are not 184 impacted by the participants’ demographic biases. The subjective soundscape evaluation, 185 sound sources, and class of land use identification, which require knowledge other than 186 gender and age, are uneven in the differences among participants’ demographic biases. Fig. 6 187 shows the record integrity for participants under 12 years old was much lower than that of 188 other age groups. Women show better performance in data integrity (completing the recording) 189 than men. The accuracy of GPS is easily affected by the surroundings, but most distances 190 (81.5%) are less than 50 meters. 191 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pss-online-analysis-and-visualization-website-122-3v6tgtnx.png Fig. 2. PSS online analysis and visualization website 122 https://scispace.com/papers/particle-breakage-during-cyclic-triaxial-loading-of-a-1qvgsdmi6l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-the-variation-of-hardins-relative-breakage-with-2k7bavih.png Figure 6 (a) The variation of Hardin’s relative breakage with total volumetric strain (isotropic + cycling) (b) The variation of Hardin’s relative breakage (cyclic only) with volumetric strain produced during cycling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-particle-size-distribution-comparison-of-current-15la77wa.png Figure 2 Particle size distribution, comparison of current study with earlier research https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dogs-bay-index-properties-as-reported-in-the-ee11efqq.png Table 1. Dogs Bay index properties as reported in the literature and in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-variation-of-hardins-relative-breakage-with-tfi6zrgg.png Figure 5 The variation of Hardin’s relative breakage with number of cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-between-particle-breakage-measured-after-2rrzdxi4.png Figure 7 Comparison between particle breakage measured after monotonic loading tests by Coop & Lee, (1993), and tests from this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-volumetric-strain-behaviour-during-cyclic-loading-rey9253a.png Figure 3 Volumetric strain behaviour during cyclic loading for tests subjected to (a) 150 cycles (b) 1000 cycles (c) 5000 cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-dynamic-distribution-of-force-3eroykik.png Figure 1 Illustration of dynamic distribution of force chains in cyclic 2D DEM simulations (a) Initial specimen configuration (b) Distribution of strong force chains at axial strain of 1% - cycle 1 (c) Distribution of strong force chains at axial strain of 1% - cycle 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-particle-size-distribution-for-tests-2jp0ftj2.png Figure 4 Evolution of particle size distribution for tests at a mean effective stress (p') of (a) 100kPa (b) 500kPa (c) 1000kPa. https://scispace.com/papers/particle-based-membrane-model-for-mesoscopic-simulation-of-4fsx7ao4ju 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-optimized-potential-parameters-for-models-with-383ns1kq.png TABLE I. Optimized potential parameters for models with different lattice parameters and the same coordination number of 6. For the 10 nm model, three families of parameters (designated by a, b, and c superscripts) are given. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-between-the-helfrich-f-h-and-the-effective-2ir5m4xe.png FIG. 2. Comparison between the Helfrich (f H) and the effective energy density of the proposed model (f eff) with the optimal parameters for a hexagonal membrane model with the lattice parameter of 10 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-fraction-of-nanoparticles-surface-engulfed-by-the-2dfkwc1v.png FIG. 8. Fraction of nanoparticle’s surface engulfed by the membrane as a function of dimensionless adhesion energy, u, for the same interaction range of ρ = 0.1R. The continuous red line represents the prediction of the continuum model.105 Superimposed are two slides showing “heat maps” of particle positions in final stages of nanoparticle wrapping. The green curves in the slides are catenary curve fits to the neck regions, corresponding to zero energy surfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-surface-viscosity-of-the-membrane-model-as-a-function-27vapcf8.png FIG. 6. Surface viscosity of the membrane model as a function of the frequency of bond-flipping moves at T = 298 K. Superimposed simulation snapshots show the development of Poiseuille flow under a gravity-like force for the case of φ = 5 ns 1. The color gradient corresponds to the initial position of particles in the flow direction. The solid red line is the function η = η∞ exp ( Cφ/φ ) fitted to the simulation results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-representative-snapshots-of-a-nanoparticle-wrapping-3son0rk1.png FIG. 7. Representative snapshots of a nanoparticle wrapping simulation for a 100 nm spherical nanoparticle with the dimensionless adhesion energy of u = 3.0 and interaction range of ρ = 0.1R. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-parameters-of-the-least-squares-fitting-of-1r0jswsz.png TABLE II. Parameters of the least squares fitting of functions C (qL)n and (1/κ) (qL)−4 to the thermal undulations power spectrum, 〈 h̃(q) h̃∗(q) 〉 /L2, for membrane patches with the lattice parameter of 10 nm, the same lateral size of ∼1 µm, and different bond-flipping frequencies, φ (data points presented in Fig. 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-power-spectrum-of-thermal-undulations-of-membrane-15kvi5ai.png FIG. 3. Power spectrum of thermal undulations of membrane patches with the lattice parameter of 10 nm and different bond-flipping frequencies. All patches have the same lateral size of ∼1 µm and are equilibrated at 298 K. Dashed lines are fits of the function C (qL)n to the data, whereas the solid black line is the prediction of the continuum model with the bending rigidity of 20 kT, the same value used as an input for parameterizing the interaction potentials. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-snapshot-of-the-proposed-membrane-model-with-r8vaeonb.png FIG. 1. (a) Snapshot of the proposed membrane model with particles forming top and bottom leaflets in red and cyan, respectively. (b) Local surface geometry of the mid-surface in an arbitrary state of deformation (blue surface) with a collection of particle dimers whose positions are dictated by the mid-surface geometry. Distances and angles between these particles are used in order to probe the local curvature and relate between the particle model and continuum description of membrane mechanics. https://scispace.com/papers/particle-dynamics-in-a-dielectrophoretic-microdevice-2ctlja1p6d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-uniform-flow-simulation-results-vx-6-294-1c84dhsk.png Figure 3. Uniform flow simulation results, Vx = 6.294. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-photo-of-psl-particles-with-0-0-volts-top-and-4-0-3l9l09fz.png Figure 2. A photo of PSL particles with 0.0 volts (top) and 4.0 volts (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-view-of-experimental-apparatus-and-b-252m6sr6.png Figure 1. (a) Schematic view of experimental apparatus and (b) photo of apparatus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-piv-vector-plots-for-electrode-voltages-of-0-5-xpirxu2w.png Figure 6. PIV vector plots for electrode voltages of 0.5 volts (top) and 4.0 volts (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-probability-density-function-for-axial-particle-8tt5sdri.png Figure 7. Probability density function for axial particle speed as a function of axial position within the DEP particle trap. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-linear-shear-simulation-results-vx-6-294-z-1-248-24zwqaj3.png Figure 4. Linear shear simulation results, Vx = 6.294·Z+1.248. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-parabolic-flow-simulation-results-vx-50-352-z-z-2-1ewgcbqo.png Figure 5. Parabolic flow simulation results, Vx = 50.352·(Z-Z 2). https://scispace.com/papers/particle-filtering-for-bayesian-parameter-estimation-in-a-3tohpux4ve 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-b-estimates-of-u-t-f-f-over-the-interval-2-30-c-d-2sc54t3r.png Fig. 1: (a)-(b) Estimates of µ t,F(f) over the interval [2, 30]. (c)-(d) Estimates of µt,A(a) over the set [0, 0.2]2. All pdf estimates have been computed using a Gaussian kernel . (e) Posterior-mean estimates of X1,t (axis in continuous time units). https://scispace.com/papers/particle-number-control-for-direct-simulation-monte-carlo-21gl8sl30q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-flow-mach-number-at-two-mean-free-paths-upstream-of-3bwgcun6.png FIG. 6. Flow Mach number at two mean-free-paths upstream of the leading edge for different numbers of particles per cell (ppc) without and with particle number control (pnc). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pressure-distribution-over-the-plate-for-different-h1s52t61.png FIG. 7. Pressure distribution over the plate for different numbers of particles per cell (ppc) without and with particle number control (pnc). https://scispace.com/papers/particle-resolved-numerical-simulations-of-the-gas-solid-4h3u7dfgzh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parameters-used-for-simulation-of-flows-through-a-3764byz1.png Table 5 Parameters used for simulation of flows through a fixed array of particles https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relative-error-on-the-temperature-near-the-sphere-1qotbpa8.png Table 1 Relative error on the temperature near the sphere https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-relative-error-ernu-t-t-depending-on-grid-size-3i6f8npm.png Table 2 Mean relative error 〈ErNu(t)〉t depending on grid size and number of elements https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-heat-transfer-rate-for-different-particle-2z9e8wcs.png Fig. 13 Heat transfer rate for different particle concentration, at Re = 10 , Re = 50 ©, and Re = 100 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-solid-volume-fraction-distribution-along-the-axial-2z29rgac.png Fig. 7 Solid volume fraction distribution along the axial flow direction, with box showing homogeneous regions of the bed where heat transfer coefficients are computed https://scispace.com/papers/particle-swarm-hybridized-with-differential-evolution-black-2sl36cmhk5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-empirical-cumulative-distribution-functions-ecdfs-3f2kqfl2.png Figure 2: Empirical cumulative distribution functions (ECDFs), plotting the fraction of trials versus running https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-setting-used-in-depso-1e87cc2m.png Table 1: Parameter setting used in DEPSO https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-shown-are-for-functions-f121-f130-and-for-a-given-1bnjg8ip.png Table 4: Shown are, for functions f121-f130 and for a given target difference to the optimal function value ∆f : the number of successful trials (#); the expected running time to surpass fopt + ∆f (ERT, see Figure 1); the 10%-tile and 90%-tile of the bootstrap distribution of ERT; the average number of function evaluations in https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-noisy-functions-ranked-by-the-number-of-3h9t7lht.png Table 2: Noisy Functions ranked by the number of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-expected-running-time-ert-to-reach-fopt-f-and-2xhp6y67.png Figure 1: Expected Running Time (ERT, •) to reach fopt + ∆f and median number of function evaluations of successful trials (+), shown for ∆f = 10, 1, 10−1, 10−2, 10−3, 10−5, 10−8 (the exponent is given in the legend of f101 and f130) versus dimension in log-log presentation. The ERT(∆f) equals to #FEs(∆f) divided by the number of successful trials, where a trial is successful if fopt + ∆f was surpassed during the trial. The #FEs(∆f) are the total number of function evaluations while fopt +∆f was not surpassed during the trial from all respective trials (successful and unsuccessful), and fopt denotes the optimal function value. Crosses (×) indicate the total number of function evaluations #FEs(−∞). Numbers above ERT-symbols indicate the number of successful https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-shown-are-for-functions-f101-f120-and-for-a-given-15cmpf1z.png Table 3: Shown are, for functions f101-f120 and for a given target difference to the optimal function value ∆f : the number of successful trials (#); the expected running time to surpass fopt + ∆f (ERT, see Figure 1); the 10%-tile and 90%-tile of the bootstrap distribution of ERT; the average number of function evaluations in https://scispace.com/papers/particle-swarm-optimization-a-tutorial-3xvxkk9wox 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-initial-positions-velocity-and-best-positions-of-all-3hjngntq.png Table 1. Initial positions, velocity, and best positions of all particles https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-positions-velocity-and-best-positions-of-all-2wwjg2nn.png Table 4. The positions, velocity and best positions of all particles after the third iteration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-visualization-of-the-best-positions-during-370hap66.png Figure 4. Visualization of the best positions during iterations on the contour plot https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-datasets-description-vz03ejxl.png Table 6. Datasets description https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-accuracy-and-cpu-time-of-the-pso-knn-and-ga-k-nn-23lhsjdo.png Table 7. Accuracy and CPU time of the PSO-kNN and GA-k-NN algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-accuracy-and-cpu-time-of-the-pso-svm-and-ga-svm-2wli5wt0.png Table 8. Accuracy and CPU time of the PSO-SVM and GA-SVM algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-movement-of-two-particles-using-pxadwuka.png Figure 1. Illustration of the movement of two particles using PSO algorithm in one-dimensional space https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-visualization-of-the-positions-of-all-particles-of-583aqivu.png Figure 3. Visualization of the positions of all particles of the PSO algorithm in different iterations https://scispace.com/papers/particle-swarm-optimisation-of-memory-usage-in-embedded-tkmh5trknk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-in-this-example-particles-of-a-swarm-population-are-cydqzeuk.png Figure 2: In this example particles of a swarm population are classified into 3 successive non-dominated fronts. Particles are arranged in several trees (subswarms). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ddts-optimization-flow-15svqiho.png Figure 3: DDTs optimization flow. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-coding-a-solution-17tdfb45.png Table 2: Coding a solution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tree-network-topology-each-circle-represents-a-tl0ps75l.png Figure 1: Tree network topology (each circle represents a particle). All particles are arranged in a tree, and it is influenced by its own best position so far and by the best position of its parent. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-system-specification-2etb1z05.png Table 3: System specification https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-real-application-with-results-4jmdsm60.png Figure 5: Comparison of the real application with results obtained by our design framework (logarithmic scale). https://scispace.com/papers/particle-swarm-optimization-in-dynamic-environments-1n4huliez3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sequence-of-frames-showing-possible-behavior-when-fbwzsrdg.png Fig. 2. Sequence of frames showing possible behavior when optimum shift is greater that swarm diversity. When the attractor T (square box, frame 1) shifts, particle a is at the global best, pg. a continues along trajectory v since it is not accelerated in this update (frame 2). Particle a continues to move along v, repositioning pg at each update, becoming in effect the swarm leader (frame 3). After a while, the swarm oscillates along v, about a point perpendicular to T (frame 4). Eventually random fluctuations will cause another particle to deviate from v and move closer towards the attractor. The swarm soon follows and converges on T . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-convergence-of-the-self-adapting-mexcess-multi-swarm-3pajvz6q.png Fig. 5. Convergence of the self-adapting Mexcess = ∞ multi-swarm for a single instance of the 200 peak MPB environment. Upper plot shows offline error, lower plot shows number of converged and free swarms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-atom-analogy-the-situation-depicted-here-shows-a-2fljkw20.png Fig. 3. The Atom Analogy. The situation depicted here shows a PSO sub-swarm of neutral particles (filled circles), converging at an optimum. The neutral swarm diameter, |S0|, is shrinking by a factor of 0.92 at each iteration. This sub-swarm is surrounded by a number of charged particles with constant diversity |S−|. Both sub-swarms share the same global attractor pg. Optimum moves to locations within the charged sub-swarm will be rapidly re-optimized by the swarm as a whole. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-convergence-of-the-self-adapting-nexcess-multi-swarm-3tqn0ki1.png Fig. 4. Convergence of the self-adapting nexcess = ∞ multi-swarm for a single instance of the 10 peak MPB environment. Upper plot shows offline error, lower plot shows number of converged and free swarms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-swarm-diameter-1tfbg6mg.png Fig. 1. The swarm diameter https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variation-of-offline-error-with-nexcess-for-10-and-3ufv1gcw.png Table 1. Variation of offline error with nexcess for 10 and 200 dynamic peaks. The raw data demonstrates identical algorithm behavior for nexcess ≥ 5 https://scispace.com/papers/particle-swarm-optimization-of-air-cored-axial-flux-5a2o28hc9c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-factors-and-coefficients-for-pso-3nd7whx9.png Table 1: Values of factors and coefficients for PSO https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fitness-of-objective-function-against-iteration-1pl672df.png Fig. 3: Fitness of objective function against iteration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-flow-chart-of-pso-program-2nx5a3sx.png Fig. 2: Flow chart of PSO program. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-generator-voltage-regulation-and-efficiency-at-varied-76o0o6iw.png Fig. 10: Generator voltage regulation and efficiency at varied loads https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-phase-back-emf-waveform-and-spectrum-23zy93xg.png Fig. 7: Phase back EMF waveform and spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-output-characteristics-at-dc-load-power-output-1v5jjwpr.png Fig. 9: Output characteristics at DC load power output. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-topology-of-air-cored-afpm-machine-mxp6rows.png Fig. 1: Topology of air-cored AFPM machine. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-final-design-from-pso-2ncx1e8o.png Table 2: Parameters of final design from PSO. https://scispace.com/papers/particle-swarm-social-adaptive-model-for-multi-agent-based-4rd22njy6x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-trajectories-of-insurgent-particles-for-a-one-group-25mon61b.png Fig. 4. Trajectories of insurgent particles for (a) one group, 300 insurgents, (b) two groups, 150 insurgents per group, (c) twenty groups, 15 insurgents per group https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-total-loss-at-each-time-step-for-a-one-group-300-h0m443lq.png Fig. 5. Total loss at each time-step for (a) one group, 300 insurgents, (b) two groups, 150 insurgents per group, (c) twenty groups, 15 insurgents per group https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-initial-environment-h2qgl9p2.png Fig. 1: The initial environment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-average-loss-caused-by-insurgents-with-memory-33wzejo4.png Fig. 3: The average loss caused by insurgents with memory update rule and without memory update rule. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-trajectories-of-insurgent-particles-a-with-update-3c1qhw5x.png Fig. 2: Trajectories of insurgent particles (a) with update memory rule, (b) without update memory rule. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-average-loss-caused-by-insurgents-with-different-3cqwh5rm.png Fig. 6. The average loss caused by insurgents with different group numbers. https://scispace.com/papers/particle-swarm-optimization-with-thresheld-convergence-2xktqdqke3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-effects-of-braking-2ro89x0j.png TABLE V EFFECTS OF “BRAKING” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-adapted-threshold-values-for-bbob-18-with-a-0-05-2j61jrna.png Fig. 3. Adapted threshold values for BBOB 18 with α = 0.05. Lighter reference lines show the scheduled threshold function (1) for γ = 3 and α = 0.02, 0.05, and 0.10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-adapted-threshold-values-for-bbob-15-with-a-0-05-z3lrb94g.png Fig. 2. Adapted threshold values for BBOB 15 with α = 0.05. Lighter reference lines show the scheduled threshold function (1) for γ = 3 and α = 0.02, 0.05, and 0.10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-horizontal-lines-represent-the-average-expected-1nrxdq7v.png Fig. 1. The horizontal lines represent the average/expected fitness of random sample solutions in each attraction basin. If an attraction basin is represented by a better-than-average solution (see dot), a random solution from a fitter attraction basin may no longer have a better expected fitness. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-final-results-1chevsn7.png TABLE VI FINAL RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-effects-of-initial-threshold-size-3lrpt2hf.png TABLE II EFFECTS OF INITIAL THRESHOLD SIZE https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-bbob-functions-exfavivp.png TABLE I BBOB FUNCTIONS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-effects-of-initial-threshold-size-egcl01ib.png TABLE IV EFFECTS OF INITIAL THRESHOLD SIZE https://scispace.com/papers/particle-transport-at-arbitrary-timescales-with-poisson-36yjxfwls1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-evolution-of-mkh-t-in-the-case-of-additive-velocity-av7a9eik.png FIG. 6. Evolution of μχ (t ) in the case of additive velocity changes for different ratios μ f0/μ fA assuming μ fA > 0. The functional form of (μχ (t ) − μg0 ) only depends on μ f0/μ fA and γ t , as Eq. (20) shows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-depiction-of-the-system-dynamics-a-walker-moves-along-1w4d2wy6.png FIG. 1. Depiction of the system dynamics. A walker moves along x with velocity u (a) until a random event (a collision) makes the velocity change instantaneously to the new value v (b). The walker then moves with this velocity (c) until a new collision forces a change. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulated-a-mean-mkh-t-b-variance-s2kh-t-and-c-3vnwgt7t.png FIG. 8. Simulated (a) mean mχ (t ), (b) variance s2χ (t ), and (c) transport exponent λ(t ) at some sample times (markers) during simulations performed with different values of σ f0/σ fA . As before, we use (γ σg0 )/σ fA = 10−4 (evident from the low λ values at early times for σ f0/σ fA = 0.05), μ f0 = μ fA = 0 and different sets of parameters (different markers; see text). The solid lines are the theoretical values μχ (t ), σ 2χ (t ), and λ(t ) from Sec. IV A (same color coding). There is good agreement between simulations and theory. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-evolution-of-s-2kh-t-for-sg0-0-m-fa-0-and-different-32lxk53u.png FIG. 7. (a) Evolution of σ 2χ (t ) for σg0 = 0, μ fA = 0 and different values of σ f0/σ fA as indicated in the legend. (b) Transport exponent λ for the same cases (same color legend). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolution-of-mkh-t-for-different-ratios-m-f0-m-fr-of-1donbsx1.png FIG. 2. Evolution of μχ (t ) for different ratios μ f0/μ fR of mean initial and mean post-collision velocities. We assume here μ fR > 0. As Eq. (10) shows, the functional form of μχ (t ) only depends on μ f0/μ fR and γ t (the mean number of collisions at time t), once μg0 has been subtracted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-evolution-of-mkh-t-in-the-case-of-scaled-velocity-3j62vtgq.png FIG. 9. Evolution of μχ (t ) in the case of scaled velocity changes for different values of c. The mean is normalized using μ f0 which is different from previous sections. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-evolution-of-s-2kh-t-for-m-f0-m-fr-0-and-different-1xtfy0l3.png FIG. 4. (a) Evolution of σ 2χ (t ) for μ f0 = μ fR = 0 and different values of σg0 as indicated in the legend. We use σ f0 = σ fR in all cases. (b) Transport exponent λ of the same curves. Changes in normalized initial width (γ σg0 )/σ fR have a significant effect on the slope at early times and could lead to misinterpretations of transport features if not properly considered. The case σg0 = 0 is similar to the σ f0/σ fR = 1 curve in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-evolution-of-s-2kh-t-for-sg0-0-m-f0-m-fr-0-and-14rgp8qg.png FIG. 3. (a) Evolution of σ 2χ (t ) for σg0 = 0, μ f0 = μ fR = 0 and different values of σ f0/σ fR as indicated in the legend. (b) Transport exponent λ for the same cases (same color legend). https://scispace.com/papers/particulate-matter-emitted-from-poultry-and-pig-houses-3uzdxv1vay 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-average-percentage-mass-contribution-of-the-1nini7f7.png Table 9. Average percentage mass contribution of the different PM sources to airborne fine PM (PM2.5) from different animal housing systems using multiple linear regression. Standard error (SE) represents variation in the contribution between both surveyed animal houses for the same animal category. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-average-percentage-mass-contribution-of-the-1jfjfiwz.png Table 10. Average percentage mass contribution of the different PM sources to airborne coarse PM (PM10‐2.5) from different animal housing systems using multiple linear regression. Standard error (SE) represents variation in the contribution between both surveyed animal houses for the same animal category. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-linear-relationship-between-classification-rules-341i5csx.png Figure 2. Linear relationship between classification rules based on decision trees and multiple linear regression source apportionment results in number of particles, for fine PM (left) and coarse PM (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-average-percentage-mass-contribution-of-the-2jsdljp3.png Table 7. Average percentage mass contribution of the different PM sources to airborne fine PM (PM2.5) from different animal housing systems using classification rules based on decision trees. Standard error (SE) represents variation in the contribution between both surveyed animal houses for the same animal category. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-average-percentage-mass-contribution-of-the-6lodj1t0.png Table 8. Average percentage mass contribution of the different PM sources to airborne coarse PM (PM10‐2.5) from different animal housing systems using classification rules based on decision trees. Standard error (SE) represents variation in the contribution between both surveyed animal houses for the same animal category. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-sem-images-from-on-farm-airborne-pm-1bwnx08t.png Figure 1. Examples of SEM images from on‐farm airborne PM samples collected on polycarbonate filters (5 m diameter filter pores shown as round dark holes). (a) Particles from broiler houses. Spherical particles from (b) laying hens with floor housing system and (c) laying hens with aviary system. (d) Particles from turkey houses. (e and f) Particles from piglet houses. (g) Mixture of particles from growing‐finishing pig houses. (h) Large skin particles from dry and pregnant sow houses. Scale shown as white bar (scale bar = 100 m). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-percentage-number-contribution-of-the-3jks9hlm.png Table 3. Average percentage number contribution of the different PM sources to airborne fine PM (PM2.5) from different animal housing systems and accuracy of the classification. Standard error (SE) represents variation in the contribution between both surveyed animal houses for the same animal category. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-average-percentage-number-contribution-of-the-2xr118pr.png Table 6. Average percentage number contribution of the different PM sources to airborne coarse PM (PM10‐2.5) from different animal housing systems and variance explained by the regression model (R2). Standard error (SE) represents variation in the contribution between both surveyed animal houses for the same animal category. https://scispace.com/papers/partisan-bias-in-opinion-formation-on-episodes-of-political-l3fka0ik8n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-party-identification-conditional-on-1nnewv2e.png Figure 4 Effect of party identification conditional on political sophistication https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-predicted-change-in-the-predicted-probability-of-8xq54k4f.png Figure 3 Predicted change in the predicted probability of saying the politician should resign https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-laws-huhne-clarke-wrongness-ols-regression-models-3o3e0o8w.png Table 1 Laws, Huhne, Clarke: Wrongness (OLS regression models) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-laws-huhne-clarke-resignation-binary-logistic-37wlec7d.png Table 2 Laws, Huhne, Clarke: Resignation (Binary logistic regression models) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predicted-change-in-perceived-wrongness-of-a-amz1389l.png Figure 2 Predicted change in perceived wrongness of a politician’s actions https://scispace.com/papers/partisan-politics-in-regional-redistribution-do-parties-4aizp0tp1r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-regional-distribution-of-structural-funds-and-gdp-hklej144.png Figure 1 Regional distribution of Structural Funds and GDP per capita. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regression-results-for-structural-funds-and-partisan-zbjma09j.png Table 1 Regression results for Structural Funds and partisan politics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-vote-share-of-left-parties-and-structural-funds-per-cq6s0xuy.png Figure 2 Vote share of left parties and Structural Funds per capita. https://scispace.com/papers/partisan-influence-on-immigration-the-case-of-norway-1uqchfcg5g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-immigration-to-norway-1990-2010-1de29pze.png Figure 3. Immigration to Norway 1990-2010. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-model-of-the-democratic-process-of-immigration-1oheonbv.png Figure 4. A model of the democratic process of immigration policy-making: Relationships and directions studied in the three thesis articles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-immigration-to-sweden-1990-2010-25xyprnf.png Figure 2. Immigration to Sweden 1990-2010. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-immigration-to-denmark-1996-2010-3clo942e.png Figure 1. Immigration to Denmark 1996-2010. https://scispace.com/papers/partition-aware-packet-steering-using-xdp-and-ebpf-for-4duatcrevf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-partitioning-and-packet-steering-implementations-2w8sbguq.png Table 1: Partitioning and packet steering implementations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-thread-notification-time-the-cumulative-nz9616te.png Figure 4: Thread notification time. The cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the thread notification time highlights that the time required to notify a user space thread is significantly larger than the time between successive packet arrivals on a fast NIC; a 40 Gbps NIC can receive a 64 byte packet close to every 12 ns [15]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-request-processing-packets-traverse-through-1whezjpa.png Figure 3: Request processing. Packets traverse through multiple stages–packet queuing, packet steering, and protocol processing— before the application thread services the request; L1-L7 denote the seven layers of the OSI model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-partition-aware-packet-steering-on-a-programmable-20rjdaqb.png Figure 1: Partition-aware packet steering on a programmable NIC. The application partitions its resources and the data in DRAM between CPU cores, and a programmable NIC steers requests to the target CPU core by inspecting protocol headers. This allows request processing to run independently on each CPU, while keeping partitioning transparent to client. For the example key-value store shown in this figure, the NIC parses keys from client requests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-xdp-and-ebpf-configurations-applications-can-use-162dn8tg.png Figure 2: XDP and eBPF configurations. Applications can use XDP and eBPF via (a) POSIX sockets without bypassing the kernel, (b) the AF_XDP kernel-bypass interface, or (c) hardware offload with a programmable NIC. https://scispace.com/papers/partition-free-families-of-sets-4r2cmg5gj7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-k6tzk60w.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-24jbjipk.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-non-interval-sets-from-the-family-h-of-sizes-2m-2-2iqvwt62.png Figure 3: Non-interval sets from the family H of sizes 2m− 2, 2m− 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-family-hi-adding-substracting-the-element-35f8yv7u.png Figure 1: The family Hi. Adding/substracting the element marked on the edge from the lower set, one gets the upper set. Dashed lines connect complementary sets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-non-interval-sets-from-the-family-h-of-sizes-from-m-bps27z5m.png Figure 2: Non-interval sets from the family H of sizes from m+1 to m+3. See the digression on how to read figures for the interpretation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2lvsguca.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/partition-of-mixed-mode-fractures-in-2d-elastic-orthotropic-5a6id605h8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-the-present-analytical-theory-and-the-2d-2yzw0bzs.png Fig. 5: Comparison of the present analytical theory and the 2D FEM for the total ERR G and the ERR partition GGI for 7.01log10 and variable BB PP 12 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-the-present-analytical-theory-and-the-2d-2wqroo50.png Fig. 6: Comparison of the present analytical theory and the 2D FEM for the total ERR G and the ERR partition GGI for 8.01log10 and variable BB MP 11 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-variation-of-the-shear-correction-factor-from-eq-15-3j2gvp5i.png Fig. 3: Variation of the shear correction factor from Eq. (15) and the 2D FEM, and variation of the correction factor c from Eq. (16) and the 2D FEM, both with respect to . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-the-present-analytical-theory-and-the-2d-2obx1url.png Fig. 7: Comparison of the present analytical theory and the 2D FEM for the total ERR G and the ERR partition GGI for 9.01log10 and variable BBe PN 11 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-the-present-analytical-theory-and-the-2d-1zmlltu0.png Fig. 4: Comparison of the present analytical theory and the 2D FEM for the total ERR G and the ERR partition GGI for variable and loading conditions BB PP 12 , BB MP 11 and BBe PN 11 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-variation-of-the-2d-elasticity-theory-based-pure-mode-sln3ikiu.png Fig. 2: Variation of the 2D elasticity theory-based pure mode II 2D-P for through-thickness shear forces only from Eq. (9) and the 2D FEM with respect to . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-the-present-analytical-theory-and-the-2d-fypnz4d1.png Fig. 4: Comparison of the present analytical theory and the 2D FEM for the total ERR G and the ERR partition GGI for variable and loading conditions BB PP 12 , BB MP 11 and BBe PN 11 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-laminated-dcb-a-general-description-b-details-local-1mp1zuo2.png Fig. 1: A laminated DCB. (a) General description. (b) Details local to the crack tip. https://scispace.com/papers/partitioning-of-large-hdl-asic-designs-into-multiple-fpga-857m8lw94e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-5-output-port-timing-required-estimated-2vwdfry2.png Table A.5 Output Port Timing; Required Estimated https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-top-down-design-bottom-up-implementation-sud-3vpjx7nm.png Figure 2.1: Top - down design , bottom-up implementation .(SUD = system under design, SSC= system, sub-components). https://scispace.com/papers/partitioning-into-colorful-components-by-minimum-edge-382hv79cqc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-instances-before-and-after-data-reduction-herein-n-m-3sl8z7tm.png Table 1. Instances before and after data reduction. Herein, n, m, and c are the number of vertices, edges, and colors, respectively, for the whole graph while n′,m′,c′ denote those values for the largest connected component of the instances. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-clause-gadget-for-clause-cj-xp-xq-xr-white-3k7up581.png Fig. 1. The clause gadget for clause Cj = (xp∨x̄q∨xr). White vertices have color ce, gray vertices have color co, and black vertices have color cg. The vertex aj is the reserved vertex for Cj , the other vertices lie on the variable cycles for xp, xq, and xr, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/partitioning-of-remobilised-n-in-young-beech-fagus-sylvatica-3snb57gf1o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-partitioning-of-labelled-n-i-e-taken-up-during-the-cryosz3i.png Figure 2. Partitioning of labelled N (i.e. taken up during the previous year) in different plant compartments during the CO2 experiment under ambient (squares, solid lines) and elevated [CO2] (dots, broken lines). Means and standard deviation (n = 5). An asterisk indicates significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05) and ° indicates a trend (P < 0.1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fraction-of-labelled-n-i-e-taken-up-during-the-3lz3lear.png Figure 1. Fraction of labelled N (i.e. taken up during the previous year) on total N (RSA) on the whole plant level during the CO2 experiment. Means and standard deviation (n = 5). https://scispace.com/papers/partitioning-of-semisynthetic-lipidated-n-ras-in-lipid-raft-43moesp4z9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overlay-of-images-of-nbd-dppe-fluorescence-green-2nhl0vr1.png Figure 1. Overlay of images of NBD-DPPE fluorescence (green) and Rhod-DOPE fluorescence (red) in supported lipid bilayers made of the raft lipid mix (molar ratio: SM/POPC/Chol = 1:1:1). Bright yellow spots correspond to aggregated LUV that were not removed during the wash phase. Black areas (in the middle of the image) are, likely, due to defects on the glass surface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-disordered-domain-markers-demonstrate-increasing-2v8kty0v.png Figure 4. Disordered domain markers demonstrate increasing FRET upon reduction in raft size. (A) F/Fo temperature dependence for Dansyl-DOPE donor (0.1% mol) incorporated into the homogeneous and raftcontaining lipid bilayers containing Rhod-DOPE (2% mol). (B) Schematic drawing illustrating an increase in the average distance between donors (green stars) and acceptors (magenta stars) due to the melting of a raft phase (gray). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-presence-of-rafts-in-sm-popc-cholesterol-lipid-6sn6ps69.png Figure 2. Presence of rafts in SM/POPC/cholesterol lipid bilayers detected by FRET between lipid domain markers. (A) Heating and cooling profiles of the homogeneous and raft LUV solutions with the DPH (0.1% mol) and Rhod-DOPE (2% mol) donor/acceptor pair at a scan rate of 0.5 oC/min. Each curve is an average of two independent samples. Fluorescence intensity ratio, F/Fo, is calculated using DPH emission of F and Fo samples, containing and lacking Rhod-DOPE, respectively. (B) A schematic drawing illustrating the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-raft-stability-in-sm-popc-cholesterol-bilayers-38da3673.png Figure 6. Raft stability in SM/POPC/cholesterol bilayers evaluated through time-domain fluorescence measurements. (A) Lifetimes of DPH fluorescence at different temperatures in homogeneous and raft- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-test-of-a-boundary-localization-of-n-ras-c-terminal-7t01axfv.png Figure 5. Test of a boundary localization of N-Ras C-terminal lipopeptide: heating profiles for the raft LUV with DPH and Rhod-DOPE and increasing concentration of non-fluorescent lipopeptide. The curves were shifted along Y axis to facilitate the comparison of the transition region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-non-raft-localization-of-n-ras-c-terminal-2g9524dd.png Figure 3. Non-raft localization of N-Ras C-terminal lipopeptide revealed by FRET to the disordered domain marker. Heating and cooling profiles of the homogeneous and raft LUV with Rhod-DOPE (acceptor; 2% mol) in the presence of the mant-labeled N-Ras C-terminal lipopeptide (donor; 0.1% mol). Fluorescence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-efficiency-of-fret-between-mant-and-rhod-dope-in-2qls0o8f.png Figure 7. Efficiency of FRET between mant and Rhod-DOPE in samples of N-Ras-mGDP and N-RasmGppNHp at 5 oC. Error bars indicate standard deviations from replicate lifetime measurements (for the numbers of replicates see Supporting Table 1). The raft LUV sample preparations were repeated to increase confidence in the result (indicated as prep #1 and #2, accordingly). https://scispace.com/papers/partitioning-of-microbially-respired-co2-between-indigenous-3riwjn4f1c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-depiction-of-the-distribution-of-carbon-and-non-carbon-8zxqa0yc.png Fig. 3. Depiction of the distribution of carbon and non-carbon components in biochars before and 320 after environmental exposure (large pie-charts) based on biochar mass balance data from Bird et al. 321 (2017) and CO2 efflux data from the present study. The mass (g) of each component is indicated 322 outside each pie chart (initial biochar mass = 5 g) and the C concentration (%) is shown below. The 323 small pie-charts show % modern carbon (pMC) and 14C-dead carbon (pDC) in the CO2 efflux from 324 exogeneous and indigenous semi-labile C, respectively. NL: no litter cover; L: litter cover; NL-LM: no 325 litter but limestone cover; L-LM: litter and limestone cover. 326 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cumulative-co2-efflux-a-b-and-d13cco2-values-c-d-from-1qcypne3.png Fig. 1. Cumulative CO2 efflux (A, B) and δ13CCO2 values (C, D) from 300˚C and 500˚C biochars in 66-day 221 incubation experiments (mean of two replicates of each treatment). CO2 efflux from the initial 222 samples was insufficient for isotope measurement. NL: no litter cover; L: litter cover; NL-LM: no litter 223 but limestone cover; L-LM: litter and limestone cover. 224 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relationship-between-d13cco2-values-and-ca-3ud6x17h.png Fig. 5. Relationship between δ13CCO2 values and Ca concentrations in water extractions of 377 environmentally exposed biochars. The full line distinguishes limestone treatments (LMST) and ‘BC’ 378 indicates the likely values in CO2 respired from the initial biochar samples (data from Bird et al. 379 2014). 380 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-co2-efflux-rate-and-13c-values-and-14c-concentration-mryrwrmn.png Table 1. CO2 efflux rate and 13C values and 14C concentration in CO2 derived from the short-term 188 (14-18 days) incubation experiment of two biochars (300˚C, 500˚C) each subjected to 4 different 189 physico-chemical treatments during 3 years of environmental exposure (NL: no litter; L: litter; NL-190 LM: no litter; limestone; L-LM: litter, limestone; field replicates are indicated by appended number). 191 pMC = percent Modern Carbon. 192 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-calculated-indigenous-c-respired-as-co2-as-a-2zp9kyqn.png Table 2. Calculated indigenous C respired as CO2 as a percentage of the total indigenous C loss during 408 the 3-year field trial 409 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relationship-between-14c-concentration-in-co2-efflux-omx3xljf.png Fig. 2. Relationship between 14C concentration in CO2 efflux from biochars (this study) and 14C 257 concentration in biochars and change in biochar C content after environmentally exposure (data 258 from Bird et al. 2017). Radiocarbon concentration is shown as percent 14C-dead carbon (pDC = 100-259 pMC). NL: no litter cover; L: litter cover; NL-LM: no litter but limestone cover; L-LM: litter and 260 limestone cover. All 14C analytical errors are within the size of the data points shown (maximum 261 error is +/- 0.85 pDC). 262 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relationship-between-d13c-values-and-14c-2b1t5l7r.png Fig. 4. Relationship between δ13C values and 14C concentrations (pMC) in CO2 efflux from 348 environmentally exposed biochars in short-term (14-18 day) incubation experiments. The range of 349 likely values in CO2 respired from the initial indigenous (biochar ‘BC’) and exogenous (leaf litter ‘LL’) 350 sources are based on data from Bird et al. (2014) and Šantrůčková et al. (2000). The broken lines 351 represent mixing between indigenous and exogenous C sources. The full line distinguishes limestone 352 https://scispace.com/papers/partitioning-search-spaces-of-a-randomized-search-4csps9n8h7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-expected-run-times-in-seconds-of-different-fpay8rzq.png Figure 2: Expected run times (in seconds) of different approaches on the instances in Fig. 1 when the number n of SAT solvers run in parallel is varied. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-artificial-distribution-of-an-unsatisfiable-2vsrghtr.png Figure 3: An (artificial) distribution of an unsatisfiable instance, described by Eq. (5), where SDSAT outperforms partitioning for quite large n. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-run-time-distributions-of-two-instances-for-1vsy2k7h.png Figure 1: The run time distributions of two instances for single (the q(t) plots) and eight (the q8(t) plots) randomized SAT solvers. https://scispace.com/papers/partitioning-the-impact-of-environmental-drivers-and-species-1lhjb7ow4l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-mean-partial-r2-of-the-predictor-variables-with-a-1em9mbkx.png Fig. 5. The mean partial R2 of the predictor variables with a partial R2 > 0.0005. The partial R2 was averaged https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-seasonal-change-in-average-variance-explained-of-the-325h4ujn.png Fig. 4. Seasonal change in average variance explained of the abundance of taxa according to their taxonomic group (a) and feeding mode (b). The error bars are the 95% confidence interval based on 10 sets of conditional random forests. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-interactions-between-functional-groups-per-season-3o0k7m73.png Fig. 7. Interactions between functional groups per season. Indented: predicting. Non-indented: predicted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-seasonal-change-in-community-importance-of-the-groups-3b4jar3i.png Fig. 6. Seasonal change in community importance of the groups of predictor variables (a), and taxa according to their taxonomic group (b) and feeding mode (c). The error bars are the 95% confidential interval based on 10 sets of conditional random forests. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-taxonomic-diversity-b-predicted-taxa-taxa-that-had-1nwackys.png Fig. 2. (a) Taxonomic diversity; (b) predicted taxa (taxa that had an explained R2 > 0) and predictors (taxa that had a partial R2 > 0 for predicting the abundance of at least one other taxon); (c) the mean R2 and the highest R2 of predicted taxa. The error bars represent the 95% confidence interval based on 10 sets of random forests. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-mean-explained-variance-of-the-abundance-of-the-3g91g3g6.png Fig. 3. The mean explained variance of the abundance of the taxa with an R2 > 0.05 in the four seasons. The R2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flowchart-of-analysis-per-season-see-text-for-1ewg98ak.png Fig. 1. Flowchart of analysis per season. See text for extensive explanation. https://scispace.com/papers/partitioning-vegetation-response-to-anthropogenic-stress-to-4lf89zu91m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proportion-of-explained-independent-variance-relative-ecz5o0hu.png FIG. 1. Proportion of explained independent variance (relative I’s) associated with the five main variance components (lake, ecoprovince, geomorphology, cumulative stress index [CSI], and hydrologic modification index [HMI]) for each taxon occurring in 20% or more of wetlands. Indicators are ordered by the amount of variance attributed to CSI. Symbols to the left of each bar denote significant Z scores (P , 0.05) from randomizations for each component. Taxa are listed in Appendix A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-predicted-vs-actual-values-based-on-output-of-lake-18fl4d2o.png FIG. 4. Predicted vs. actual values based on output of lake-specific multi-taxa formulae (Table 5) for (A) cumulative stress index (CSI) and (B) hydrologic modification index (HMI). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-taxa-exhibiting-significant-independent-effects-of-2bkaby7j.png TABLE 2. Taxa exhibiting significant independent effects of ecoprovince in the Great Lakes basin, Lake Huron, and Lake Michigan. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-i-values-mean-6-se-for-wetland-sites-by-each-of-the-2be251vo.png FIG. 2. I values (mean 6 SE) for wetland sites by each of the five Great Lakes and basin-wide (Basin) for: (A) cumulative stress index (CSI), (B) hydrologic modification index (HMI), and (C) all variables. Values with the same lowercase letter code within a graph are not significantly different (P . 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-linear-regression-between-csi-values-and-vegetation-2qul0xfa.png FIG. 3. Linear regression between CSI values and vegetation indices for (A) the seven-taxon basin-wide CSI model (Table 5) and (B) the floristic quality index. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-independent-contribution-to-variance-i-values-and-3n0ystcv.png TABLE 3. Independent contribution to variance (I ) values and trends for taxa exhibiting significant independent effects of CSI in basin-wide and lake-specific HP (hierarchical partitioning) analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-wetland-site-characteristics-for-each-3b2nrvu4.png TABLE 1. Summary of wetland site characteristics for each Great Lake and basin-wide. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-i-values-and-trends-for-taxa-exhibiting-significant-2eb9ra38.png TABLE 4. I values and trends for taxa exhibiting significant independent effects of HMI in basinwide and lake-specific HP analyses. https://scispace.com/papers/partners-not-debtors-the-external-liabilities-of-emerging-1ptbbmex3o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-equity-liabilities-debt-liabilities-1rzmuotr.png Table 12: Equity Liabilities/Debt Liabilities: https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-debt-liabilities-total-liabilities-all-countries-syipix85.png Table 7: Debt Liabilities/Total Liabilities: All Countries, 1981-2013 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-composition-of-liabilities-advanced-economies-1981-jl9kvp61.png Figure 5 Composition of Liabilities: Advanced Economies, 1981 vs. 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-fdi-liabilities-total-liabilities-vs-portfolio-2zo1pqb0.png Figure 6 FDI Liabilities/Total Liabilities vs. Portfolio Equity Liabilities: Emerging Market Economies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-equity-liabilities-total-liabilities-vs-debt-12oachq6.png Figure 4 Equity Liabilities/Total Liabilities vs. Debt Liabilities/Total Liabilities: Advanced Economies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-composition-of-liabilities-emerging-markets-1981-vs-ja6a2tip.png Figure 3 Composition of Liabilities: Emerging Markets, 1981 vs. 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-debt-liabilities-total-liabilities-emerging-market-h1okgfu5.png Table 8: Debt Liabilities/Total Liabilities: Emerging Market Economies, 1981-2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fdi-liabilities-total-liabilities-all-countries-1981-1scq4pqj.png Table 3 FDI Liabilities/Total Liabilities: All Countries, 1981-2013 https://scispace.com/papers/party-formation-and-coalitional-bargaining-in-a-model-of-4xiasxttmz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-dimensional-case-hden137x.png Figure 4. 2 Dimensional Case https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-coalitions-with-1-as-formateur-ozqog9sg.png Figure 2. Coalitions with 1 as Formateur https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-coalitions-with-3-as-formateur-2p9acib0.png Figure 3. Coalitions with 3 as Formateur https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-coalitions-with-2-as-formateur-1vj8328g.png Figure 1. Coalitions with 2 as Formateur https://scispace.com/papers/paruresis-psychogenic-inhibition-of-micturition-cognitive-xpahht4tay 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-formulation-and-treatment-elements-for-paruresis-2lm0bfw5.png Table 2 Formulation and Treatment Elements for Paruresis https://scispace.com/papers/passage-performance-and-behaviour-of-wild-and-stocked-268h5csgio 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-number-of-failed-and-successful-attempts-until-1kvyziwh.png Table 4. The number of failed and successful attempts until the first successful attempt per fish, and the proportion of the total that were successful. * includes fish missed by A1 and so not included in the analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-the-number-of-fish-known-to-have-passed-bxd87k3k.png Table 3. Summary of the number of fish known to have passed each antenna (based on actual detections and known missed detections by A1 and A2), the proportions of fish detected on A2 and A3 that were also detected on A1 for each species, the proportion of fish detected on A3 that were also detected on A2, and the estimated proportion of fish that passed A3 and completed passage based on the calculated and estimated detection efficiencies. * includes two fish detected on A1 when A2 and A3 were not operational. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-rivers-hogsmill-and-thames-with-the-33cf8s91.png Fig. 1. Map of the Rivers Hogsmill and Thames, with the Hogsmill gauging weir labelled. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-source-number-fork-lengths-and-masses-31nloeun.png Table 2. Summary of the source, number, fork lengths and masses of each species tagged. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-average-water-velocities-and-depths-8gucddlo.png Table 1. Summary of the average water velocities and depths across the modified weir at different flow conditions (presented left to right, as downstream locations to upstream locations). Percentage stage exceedance is reported from the Worcester Road gauging weir. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-proportions-of-fish-attempting-passage-and-sjexyxb1.png Fig. 4. The proportions of fish attempting passage and successfully ascending the weir (overall passage efficiency) for stocked barbel and chub (top), and wild chub, dace and roach (bottom), with the number of all individuals combined and also separated by species. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-left-stage-exceedance-curve-with-successful-fish-isrhti17.png Fig. 5. Left: Stage exceedance curve with successful fish ascents (points split by species grouped by source; S, stocked; W, wild) overlaid. Right: Mean daily stage for the study period with successful fish ascents (points split by species, grouped by source). Grey boxes indicate times during which PIT antennas were not operational. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-plan-view-of-the-lcb-arrangement-on-the-hogsmill-1swmbek7.png Fig. 2. Left: Plan view of the LCB arrangement on the Hogsmill weir apron with positions of antenna placement. Right: Schematic of the height and length of each baffle placed on the Hogsmill weir apron. The width of the notch in each baffle is 250 mm. The space between each baffle is 400 mm. River flow for both left and right panels is from right to left. https://scispace.com/papers/passenger-route-guidance-system-for-multi-modal-transit-41u9f65i9f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-web-page-display-of-efinder-1xldy6ab.png Figure 2 The web page display of eFinder https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-architecture-of-efinder-yad6f6g3.png Figure 1. System architecture of eFinder https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-an-example-of-probable-transfer-states-347p6nbf.png Figure 5. An example of probable transfer states https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-four-state-variables-associated-with-a-node-6pturbdj.png Figure 4 The four state variables associated with a node https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-efinder-display-with-zoom-in-features-386n977y.png Figure 3 The eFinder display with zoom-in features https://scispace.com/papers/passification-based-decentralized-adaptive-synchronization-4wzv4y8x14 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evolution-of-thi-i-1-4-33uj0rgk.png Figure 3: Evolution of θi (i = 1, . . . , 4) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-value-of-100-i-1-xi-t-xl-t-2-a-during-35-kce1juq5.png Figure 4: The value of ∑ 100 i=1 ∥ξi(t) − ξL(t)∥ 2: A — during 35 seconds of simulation; B — during 500 seconds of simulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-phase-portrait-of-the-leader-system-1assn0a4.png Figure 1: Phase portrait of the leader system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-value-of-4-i-1-xi-t-xl-t-2-a-during-35-seconds-2uotnmck.png Figure 2: The value of ∑ 4 i=1 ∥ξi(t) − ξL(t)∥ 2: A — during 35 seconds of simulation; B — during 500 seconds of simulation https://scispace.com/papers/passengers-on-social-media-a-real-time-estimator-of-the-195oln86gm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-r2-scores-per-airport-for-the-1yxh0nj1.png Figure 4: Comparison of the R2 scores per airport for the trained regressors for the estimation of the number of delayed departing flights https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-the-mean-absolute-errors-per-airport-1vq1gcxc.png Figure 3: Comparison of the mean absolute errors per airport for the trained regressors for the estimation of the number of flights arriving with a delay greater than 15 minutes. The standard deviation of the BTS value on the training set is included for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-the-mean-absolute-errors-per-airport-wmck8vbe.png Figure 2: Comparison of the mean absolute errors per airport for the trained regressors for the estimation of the number of delayed departing flights. The standard deviation of the BTS value on the training set is included for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-predicted-number-of-delayed-departing-flights-at-1crgtswk.png Figure 5: Predicted number of delayed departing flights at ATL by the trained regressor over the period January 12th, 2018 to January 16th, 2018. The actual number of delayed departing flights is indicated for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-top-ten-features-for-predicting-the-number-of-2pturmm5.png Table 3: Top ten features for predicting the number of delayed departing flights at ATL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-average-passenger-sentiment-with-respect-to-three-dwhexviq.png Figure 6: Average passenger sentiment with respect to three major airlines over the period January 2nd, 2018 to January 6th, 2018, corresponding to a bomb cyclone hitting in the North-East of the US. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-map-of-delay-links-between-atlanta-airport-atl-and-2jvwc2j7.png Figure 8: Map of delay links between Atlanta airport (ATL) and the other airports. The larger the link, the more flights departed with a delay during 2017 from ATL towards the connecting airport. Only links with more than 1000 delayed flights in 2017 were considered. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-map-of-feature-links-between-atlanta-airport-atl-2a0nibnj.png Figure 7: Map of feature links between Atlanta airport (ATL) and the other airports for estimating the number of delayed departing flights. The larger the link, the more features were kept among the features gathering 99% of the total importance for estimating the number of departing delayed flights at ATL. https://scispace.com/papers/passionately-motivated-reasoning-biased-processing-of-1rqx69lurv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-330irrjw.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-255mzrdp.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-buf24qzm.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/passing-the-buck-in-the-garbage-can-model-of-organizational-2bcxrzghyu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-flow-chart-of-the-gcm-with-two-kinds-of-flight-18ekn285.png Figure 2: The flow chart of the GCM with two kinds of flight: flight by postponement and flight by buck-passing. Resolutions and oversights mark the end of a decision process, whereas flights make it start again. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-ratio-of-decisions-by-oversight-white-bars-to-36tonsvq.png Figure 8: The ratio of decisions by oversight (white bars) to decisions by resolution (black bars) in the incompetent hierarchy. Left to right, flights only by postponement (P): oversights 88.86%, resolutions 11.13%; flights both by postponement and by buckpassing (P, B): oversights 79.73%, resolutions 20.27%; flights only by buck-passing (B): oversights 85.11%, resolutions 14.89%; no flights at all (–): oversights 96.15%, resolutions 3.85%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-ratio-of-decisions-by-oversight-white-bars-to-wrjyjxli.png Figure 5: The ratio of decisions by oversight (white bars) to decisions by resolution (black bars) in the competent hierarchy. Left to right, flights only by postponement (P): oversights 91.02%, resolutions 8.97%; flights both by postponement and by buckpassing (P, B): oversights 85.30%, resolutions 14.70%; flights only by buck-passing (B): oversights 83.54%, resolutions 16.46%; no flights at all (–): oversights 94.90%, resolutions 5.10%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-in-the-incompetent-hierarchy-i-the-ratio-of-1wpnqzqu.png Figure 10: In the incompetent hierarchy: (i) the ratio of meetings with solutions that have already been met to total meetings with solutions (downward stripes); (ii) the ratio of meetings with solutions that have already been met to total meetings with solutions (upward stripes), and (iii) the ratio of meetings with problems that have already been met to total meetings with problems (black). Left to right, these three ratios are depicted when only flights by postponement are allowed (P): 56.46%, 60.28% and 62.48%, respectively; when both flights by postponement and flights by buck-passing are allowed (P, B): 52.68%, 59.41% and 67.53%, respectively; when only flights by buck-passing are allowed (B): 52.04%, 63.06% and 70.34%, respectively; when no flights at all are allowed (–): 53.15%, 61.41% and 65.00%, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-competent-hierarchy-the-ratio-of-the-number-of-1fde0dnf.png Figure 6: The competent hierarchy. The ratio of the number of decisions by oversight to the number of decisions by resolution, measured on the lower half of the hierarchy (grey) and the upper half of the hierarchy (black). Left to right, these ratios are shown in the case only flights by postponement are allowed (P): 8.89, 51.36; when both flights by postponement and flights by buck-passing are allowed (P, B): 5.06, 29.73; when only flights by buck-passing are allowed (B): 4.57, 13.38; and when no flights are allowed at all (–): 16.93, 44.55. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-in-the-random-anarchy-i-the-ratio-of-meetings-with-29oju8fc.png Figure 4: In the random anarchy: (i) the ratio of meetings with solutions that have already been met to total meetings with solutions (downward stripes); (ii) the ratio of meetings with solutions that have already been met to total meetings with solutions (upward stripes), and (iii) the ratio of meetings with problems that have already been met to total meetings with problems (black). Left to right, these three ratios are depicted when only flights by postponement are allowed (P): 54.59%, 57.06% and 62.52%, respectively; when both flights by postponement and flights by buck-passing are allowed (P, B): 53.12%, 55.87% and 62.89%, respectively; when only flights by buck-passing are allowed (B): 53.27%, 53.58% and 59.76%, respectively; when no flights at all are allowed (–): 51.79%, 51.59% and 56.89%, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-in-the-competent-hierarchy-i-the-ratio-of-meetings-224qyrif.png Figure 7: In the competent hierarchy: (i) the ratio of meetings with solutions that have already been met to total meetings with solutions (downward stripes); (ii) the ratio of meetings with solutions that have already been met to total meetings with solutions (upward stripes), and (iii) the ratio of meetings with problems that have already been met to total meetings with problems (black). Left to right, these three ratios are depicted when only flights by postponement are allowed (P): 56.58%, 60.79% and 64.80%, respectively; when both flights by postponement and flights by buck-passing are allowed (P, B): 55.19%, 59.82% and 68.62%, respectively; when only flights by buck-passing are allowed (B): 55.72%, 59.71% and 67.67%, respectively; when no flights at all are allowed (–): 56.44%, 60.85% and 67.69%, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-incompetent-hierarchy-the-ratio-of-the-number-25r3tt8m.png Figure 9: The incompetent hierarchy. The ratio of the number of decisions by oversight to the number of decisions by resolution, measured on the lower half of the hierarchy (grey) and the upper half of the hierarchy (black). Left to right, these ratios are shown in the case only flights by postponement (P) are allowed: 6.91, 63.05; when both flights by postponement and flights by buck-passing (P, B) are allowed: 3.55, 17.20; when only flights by buck-passing (B) are allowed: 5.20, 28.51; and when no flights are allowed at all (–): 22.20, 120.36 https://scispace.com/papers/passive-cascaded-lattice-structures-for-low-sensitivity-fir-4m0qc65wc3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-basic-lattice-section-of-the-corresponding-iir-2brfj4rw.png Fig. 12. The basic lattice section of the “corresponding” IIR filter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-31-a-example-3-responses-with-3-bit-quantization-b-2cjgzwza.png Fig. 31. (a) Example 3. Responses with 3-bit quantization. (b) Example 3. Res onses with 2-bit quantization. (c) Example 3. Response of the 2-bit direct form structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-example-1-the-simulated-lattice-response-with-3-bits-1w233ds6.png Fig. 6. (a) Example 1. The simulated lattice response with 3 bits .y multiplier (in this paper b-bits per multiplier means that the multlp ler is approximated with b powers of two). (b) Example 3.1. The direct-form https://scispace.com/papers/passive-leak-detection-using-commercial-hydrogen-23ebxnvgx0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-commercial-version-of-detectape-when-exposed-to-1ojackjw.png Figure 1. The commercial version of DetecTape. When exposed to hydrogen, the indicator transforms from a pale gray color to black. The color change is not reversible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-indication-7-slight-coloration-of-the-indicator-id-75m243hq.png Figure 16. Indication 7: Slight coloration of the indicator (ID# 2015-11-16-047). This was the second indication observed on this fitting (Indication 2, corresponding to ID# 2015-10-16-039 shown in Figure 11). This was viewed as an ambiguous indication requiring continued monitoring to differentiate between normal and out-of-normal hydrogen releases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-indication-8-slight-coloration-of-the-indicator-id-30eiimii.png Figure 17. Indication 8: Slight coloration of the indicator (ID# 2015-11-16-048). This was the second indication observed on this fitting (Indication 3, corresponding to ID# 2015-10-16-040, shown in Figure 12). This is an ambiguous indication requiring further monitoring to verify if it is a normal or out-of-normal hydrogen release. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-indication-9-detectape-mounted-on-a-valve-42vki1wj.png Figure 18. Indication 9: DetecTape mounted on a valve installed on a hydrogen system in the ESIF High Pressure Test Bay, showing before (left) and after (right) a normal indication (ID# 2015-11-16-050). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-images-of-detectape-samples-that-had-been-exposed-q5p0zwd4.png Figure 4. Images of DetecTape samples that had been exposed to hydrogen following the indicated portion of the Environmental Stress Test. For comparison, an unexposed indicator sample (center top row) is shown. The samples on the right and left are duplicate samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-indication-2-detectape-mounted-on-a-cone-and-3r9f1yje.png Figure 11. Indication 2: DetecTape mounted on a cone and thread fitting (ID# 2015-10-16-039) before (left photo) and after (right photo) indication. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-indication-1-detectape-indicator-mounted-on-a-3rz396pm.png Figure 10. Indication 1: DetecTape indicator mounted on a valve (ID# 2015-07-08-008) showing before (left photo) and after (right photo) an indication. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-impact-of-environmental-cycling-on-detectape-3redfg5a.png Table 1. Impact of Environmental Cycling on DetecTape Hydrogen Indicators (Laboratory Assessment) https://scispace.com/papers/passive-mixer-cum-reactor-using-threaded-inserts-4zwg3xy8qa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-comparison-of-mixing-intensity-variation-along-the-onvc3ac6.png Figure 12: Comparison of mixing intensity variation along the length of the mixer with and without neglecting the negative velocity region in the computation of mixing intensity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-variation-of-heat-transfer-parameters-with-re-for-1dh8i0fg.png Figure 8: Variation of heat transfer parameters with Re for different studied designs and literature. (a) Nusselt number normalized using straight pipe (b) Heat transfer enhancement ratio (η). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-dimensionless-temperature-contours-for-5-channel-89ebrklf.png Figure 7: Dimensionless temperature contours for 5-channel and smooth surface design at different Re. (a) plane along the axis (b) outlet plane https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-contours-of-flow-parameters-on-different-selected-dt574n2y.png Figure 13: Contours of flow parameters on different selected sections of the original and adapted designs. (a) Volume fraction; (b) Nondimensional X-velocity using inlet velocity as reference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stream-traces-coloured-by-non-dimensional-velocity-2jpb06i8.png Figure 3: Stream traces coloured by non – dimensional velocity magnitude using inlet velocity over 5- channel inserts at Re = 400. (a) Cross-flow effect between the stream traces; (b) Switching of flow direction aft inserts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-mixing-intensity-im-variation-along-the-length-for-nxvxk60j.png Figure 10: Mixing intensity (IM) variation along the length for 7-channel design consisting of two inserts with Re. IM variation for smooth surface (no threading) and straight pipe without inserts shown for exhibiting the effect of threading and obstruction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dimensions-of-the-studied-design-14dlskod.png Table 2: Dimensions of the studied design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-variation-of-mixing-intensity-with-reynolds-number-1oudbek5.png Figure 11: Variation of mixing intensity with Reynolds number, Re. (a) Comparison of studied designs (b) Comparison of studied designs with literature. 5-channel design ▬ Present study, 7-channel design ▬ Present study, 9-channel design ▬ Present study, Convergent-divergent sinusoidal walls ▬ Afzal and Kim26; SAR-caterpillar mixer ▬ Hermann et al.49; Clothoid design ▬ Pennella et al.23; T-junction-straight ▬ Solehati et al.74; T-junction-wavy▬Solehati et al.74; Fluidic Oscillator-WS ▬ Khalde et al.75; Fluidic Oscillator-OD ▬ Xie and Xu75,76; Threaded lemniscate-shaped ▬ Rafeie et al.42 https://scispace.com/papers/passive-visible-light-networks-taxonomy-and-opportunities-4w17vqjkcl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-map-the-research-opportunities-to-the-challenges-2gzcco84.png Figure 3: Map the research opportunities to the challenges https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-challenge-1-the-objects-shape-and-reflection-2a4yqj6b.png Figure 2: Challenge 1.The object’s shape and reflection properties determine the direction and intensity of reflected light, (a-b); its size determines the amount of light blocked over the floor, (c-d). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-applications-based-on-passive-vls-1v4u5gb9.png Table 1: Applications based on passive VLS https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-applications-based-on-passive-vlc-1jiemftf.png Table 2: Applications based on passive VLC https://scispace.com/papers/passive-uhf-rfid-tag-as-a-sensor-for-crack-depths-vivxk2ns1b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-the-ratio-of-received-power-transmitted-power-for-the-2riwaxii.png Fig. 16. The ratio of (Received power/transmitted power) for the ferromagnetic sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-the-mean-of-received-power-transmitted-power-for-ubkhat51.png Fig. 17. The mean of (received power / transmitted power) for different crack depth on the ferromagnetic sample (a) the mean with the curve fitting (b) residuals https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-the-mean-of-received-power-transmitted-power-for-38qnfgzi.png Fig. 14. The mean of (received power / transmitted power) for different crack depth on stainless steel (a) the mean with the curve fitting (b) residuals https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-transmitted-power-for-the-ferromagnetic-sample-fxevdee5.png Fig. 15. Transmitted power for the ferromagnetic sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-potential-distribution-of-passive-rfid-tag-sensor-2t77600e.png Fig. 1. Potential Distribution of passive RFID tag sensor network for defect detection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-equivalent-circuit-for-the-tag-attached-to-a-13ymapw9.png Fig. 2. The equivalent circuit for the tag attached to a metallic object https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reader-pseudo-code-3pwbw0sx.png TABLE 1. READER PSEUDO CODE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-representation-of-the-period-time-t-on-the-received-1p8fisej.png Fig. 3. Representation of the period time T on the received power signal. https://scispace.com/papers/passive-yet-expressive-touchtokens-36l1a88t0r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-making-a-touchtoken-flexible-a-original-rigid-1ode5h9x.png Figure 1. Making a TouchToken flexible: (a) original, rigid TouchToken (circle, 4cm in diameter), (b) schematics of lattice-hinges, (c) flexible TouchToken. Vector descriptions of all flexible TouchTokens available at https://www.lri.fr/~appert/touchtokens/index.html. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-micro-movements-when-a-bending-a-token-b-leaving-it-k7vxblmc.png Figure 3. Micro-movements when (a) bending a token, (b) leaving it flat. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-finger-micro-movements-when-leaving-a-token-on-the-xobrszgv.png Figure 2. Finger micro-movements when leaving a token on the surface (a), and when lifting it off (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-leaving-a-token-on-the-surface-left-or-lifting-it-140oy079.png Figure 5. Leaving a token on the surface (left) or lifting it off (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bending-a-token-left-or-leaving-it-flat-right-2vfdq8t1.png Figure 6. Bending a token (left) or leaving it flat (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-using-squeeze-mode-for-clicking-left-and-dragging-3drr1fph.png Figure 4. Using Squeeze mode for clicking (left) and dragging (right). https://scispace.com/papers/passively-mode-locked-nd-glass-laser-oscillator-optimized-34lvvsd28i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cross-sectional-view-of-the-close-coupled-34kbg1lf.png Figure 1. Cross sectional view of the close-coupled cloverleaf laser head. https://scispace.com/papers/passivity-of-lotka-volterra-and-quasi-polynomial-systems-4efllpq3z4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-state-trajectories-of-the-qp-system-without-control-2t7a9ze5.png Figure 9. State trajectories of the QP system without control (section 6.3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-phase-portrait-of-the-lotka-volterra-system-with-3lqxt9mx.png Figure 4. Phase portrait of the Lotka–Volterra system with control (section 6.1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-state-trajectories-of-the-lotka-volterra-system-364ljwnc.png Figure 3. State trajectories of the Lotka–Volterra system with control (section 6.1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phase-portrait-of-the-lotka-volterra-system-without-uctfqbgs.png Figure 2. Phase portrait of the Lotka–Volterra system without control (section 6.1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-phase-portrait-of-the-qp-system-with-control-3mstgc6y.png Figure 8. Phase portrait of the QP system with control (section 6.2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-state-trajectories-of-the-lotka-volterra-system-3cyfulo6.png Figure 1. State trajectories of the Lotka–Volterra system without control (section 6.1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-phase-portrait-of-the-qp-system-without-control-2y7wm92h.png Figure 10. Phase portrait of the QP system without control (section 6.3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-phase-portrait-of-the-qp-system-without-control-13y3pbg7.png Figure 6. Phase portrait of the QP system without control (section 6.2). https://scispace.com/papers/past-present-and-future-changes-in-the-atlantic-meridional-4nqa5z394f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-26-5degn-amoc-time-series-for-apr-2004-dec-2011-pshavpxe.png Fig. 3. 26.5°N AMOC time series for Apr 2004–dec 2011, measured in Sverdrups (1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1), showing 10-day averaged values (red) and 6-month low-pass filtered values (black). Note the unexpected and as yet not fully understood significant decrease in the winter of 2009/10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-simplified-schematic-of-the-amoc-showing-both-the-3hnry6fs.png Fig. 1. A simplified schematic of the AMOC showing both the overturning and gyre recirculation components. Warm water flows north in the upper ocean (red), gives up heat to the atmosphere (atmospheric flow gaining heat represented by the changing color of broad arrows), sinks, and returns as a deep cold flow (blue). Latitude of the 26.5°N AMOC observations is indicated. Note that the actual flow is more complex. For example, see Bower et al. (2009, their Fig. 1) for the intermediate depth circulation in the vicinity of the Grand Banks and Biastoch et al. (2008, their Fig. 2) for the middepth circulation around South Africa, showing the importance of eddies in transferring heat and salt from the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-variance-of-the-2-6-day-band-passed-filtered-mean-sea-31k7etn5.png Fig. 5. Variance of the 2–6-day band-passed filtered mean sea level pressure (units of 105 pa2), an indicator of storm-track position and strength, for the winter season [dec–Feb (dJF)] in a (left) control run and a (right) hosing run of the third climate configuration of the Met Office unified Model (hadCM3) (plots courtesy of david Brayshaw). the freshwater hosing shuts down the AMOC, leading to an intensification of the storm track, a northward shift, and deeper penetration into europe [for details, see Brayshaw et al. (2009), who calculated the storm-track behavior based on the hadCM3 experiments of Vellinga and Wu (2008)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-climate-anomalies-determined-from-paleoproxies-2wnxt6g8.png Fig. 2. Climate anomalies, determined from paleoproxies, associated with the so-called 8.2 kyr event (also known as 8 kyr event) that occurred approximately 8,200 yr ago; paleoevidence suggests that the AMOC was disrupted by a freshwater outburst into the North Atlantic from an ice-dammed lake in North America (after Fig. 1 of Alley and Ágústsdóttir 2005). https://scispace.com/papers/patch-clamp-analysis-of-membrane-transport-in-erythrocytes-1bjqy87nbj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ion-composition-of-human-erythrocytes-and-plasma-in-2kc44nbw.png Table 1. Ion composition of human erythrocytes and plasma (in mM, except for proteins). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-of-gardos-channel-activity-bath-solution-mm-25rhcxan.png Fig. 4. Example of Gardos channel activity Bath solution (mM): 115 NaCl, 5 KCl, 10 MgCl2, 1.4 CaCl2, 10 Hepes, 10 glucose. Pipette solution (mM): 120 KCl, 10 MgCl2, 1.4 CaCl2, 10 Hepes, 10 glucose. Voltages indicated refer to –Vp. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-of-vdac-recordings-with-multiple-conductance-l217dd18.png Fig. 5. Example of VDAC recordings with multiple conductance substates. Bath solution (mM): 115 NaCl, 5 KCl, 10 MgCl2, 1.4 CaCl2, 10 Hepes, 10 glucose plus 0.5% human serum Pipette solution: 115 NaCl, 5 KCl, 10 MgCl2, 1.4 CaCl2, 10 Hepes, 10 glucose -Vp=50mV https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-electrical-model-of-patch-clamp-for-cell-attached-a-cn6rbeg1.png Fig. 2. Electrical model of patch clamp for cell-attached (A) and whole-cell (B) configuration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-anion-channel-activity-in-plasmodium-falciparum-3uzdcu3r.png Fig. 6. Anion channel activity in Plasmodium falciparum-infected human RBCs 3 cells A, B and C were studied using the whole-cell configuration, and serial perfusion were performed showing the typical serum effect and the inhibitory effect of PBR ligands and NPPB, as described in (Bouyer et al., 2011a). Stimulation was made with 500ms ramps between +100mV and -100mV, with -10mV increments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-jacobs-stewart-cycle-in-tissues-in-lungs-cycle-lbbo0m9o.png Fig. 1. The Jacobs/Stewart cycle in tissues. In lungs, cycle goes the other way. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-human-rbc-patch-clamp-approach-seal-and-electric-58ozj91s.png Fig. 3. Human RBC patch clamp - approach, seal and electric monitoring of seal formation. A, pipette approach with 10X objective. B, pipette approach with 40x objective. C, Patched RBC. D, monitoring of cell/pipette contact resistance (seal formation). Cell is touched by the pipette after 9s (arrow) with calibrated depression, and seal (around 10GΩ) is complete after 45s (arrow). Scale bar for A, B and C : 10µm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ion-channels-described-in-vertebrates-rbcs-nsc-non-3m2z7bn0.png Table 2. Ion channels described in vertebrates RBCs. NSC: Non Selective Cation Channel. SCC: Small Chloride Channel. ORCC: Outwardly Rectified Chloride Channel. CA: Cell-Attached. IO: Inside-Out. WC: Whole-Cell. https://scispace.com/papers/patchman-docking-modeling-peptide-protein-interactions-in-duj9vtk84j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sampling-at-the-binding-site-of-1ntv-shows-local-3fas19d4.png Figure 4. Sampling at the binding site of 1NTV shows local diversity. A.Templates extracted for a patch defining the binding site. In ribbon - templates, green sticks representation - native peptide, N and C termini in blue and red spheres accordingly. For each template the best stretch (out of a few sliding windows) is shown. Template coloring is the same as in Figure 3A depending on whether it comes from monomer/interface. B. Backbone per-residue RMSD for the templates shown in (A). The upper bar indicates the motif and the flanking region with blue and grey color, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-highly-accurate-modeling-of-peptide-protein-q6j3i26j.png Figure 2: Highly accurate modeling of peptide-protein complexes with PatchMan. A. Comparison of PatchMAN to other approaches. For each method the y-axis shows the cumulative success, namely the fraction of complexes modeled within the RMSD threshold indicated in the x-axis. The top-performing model is considered for each complex (i.e., the best RMSD among top 10 cluster representatives). PatchMAN performance is superior to all other methods on this dataset (see text for more details). B. Modeling only the motif sequence (dashed lines; extracted from the full peptide sequence) significantly improves performance of PIPER FlexPepDock (PFPD) but only slightly affects PatchMAN performance. C. Detailed comparison of PatchMAN and PFPD performance. PatchMAN RMSD values are plotted in red, PFPD in blue. Shaded region of the plot indicates complexes for which PatchMAN failed to produce models within 5Å RMSD, as for example the 1CZY complex (25), highlighted in green and described in (D) . D. Including receptor flexibility in the refinement step can resolve failed docking, as shown for 1CZY: Near-native conformations (left to the highlighted red line) are only identified in a simulation with receptor minimization (green, right), but not in the corresponding refinement that keeps the receptor backbone fixed (grey, left). In all plots the RMSD measure reported is backbone interface RMSD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-peptide-templates-leading-to-high-resolution-models-1xwpwciv.png Figure 3. Peptide templates leading to high-resolution models are very varied: They show no sequence similarity and can be extracted from monomers. A.-B. Detailed results for different complexes. Shown are the top-scoring models (1%) within 5Å RMSD, with stars representing the best RMSD model (identified in the top 10 cluster representatives). Complexes are sorted in increasing order of the best RMSD. The structures from the “motif” set are marked with an asterix. A. Most of the top-scoring near-native models are modeled using templates with very low sequence identity. B. The source of low-RMSD templates comes from monomers (orange) as well as interfaces (blue). C.-D. Details of the prediction for 1NTV (Disabled-1 (Dab1) PTB domain-ApoER2 peptide complex) (26): (C) Energy landscape. Models generated based on templates originating from monomers and interfaces are indicated in orange triangles and blue circles, respectively. See Supplementary Figure S1 for more energy landscapes. (D) Structure of the interaction, together with the template that was used for modeling (PDB ID 1LTI, Heat labile enterotoxin type I (27)). The free receptor structure (1P3B (28)) is shown in grey, the native peptide in green, the monomer from which the template was extracted in gold. The matching motif and peptide template are colored in orange. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-successful-modeling-of-a-peptide-into-a-closed-2cqp8s7v.png Figure 5. Successful modeling of a peptide into a closed binding pocket using PatchMAN, shown on the example of a CD44-derived peptide binding to the Moesin FERM domain F3b binding site. A. The moesin FERM domain structure, showing the unbound closed (grey, PDB ID 1ef1 (29)) and the bound open F3b binding pocket (orange, PDB ID 6txs (30)) structures. A shift in the beta-sheet at the F3b binding site is induced by peptide binding. B. PatchMAN simulation without receptor backbone minimization samples the correct binding pocket but misses it at the scoring stage. C. PatchMAN simulation including receptor backbone minimization identifies a clear funnel around the native structure. The red line indicates the 5Å RMSD cutoff. D. Comparison of model (blue) to crystal structure (grey). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-patchman-protocol-a-flowchart-the-input-is-a-3gb7pixb.png Figure 1. The PatchMan protocol. (A) Flowchart. The input is a receptor PDB file and a peptide sequence. (1) Definition of surface motifs on the receptor: The protein surface is defined based on solvent accessibility, and then split into small structural surface patches. (2) Identification of structural matches in protein structures: Matches are detected using MASTER search against a non-redundant dataset of protein structures; (3) Generation of the peptide-protein complex structure: the peptide fragment is determined (see (B)) and superimposed onto the receptor. Then the peptide sequence is threaded onto the identified complementing fragment; (4) Refinement and scoring: the initial structures are refined using the Rosetta FlexPepDock refinement protocol, and top-scoring models are selected as final predictions. (B) Extracting peptide fragments. Neighboring residues (magenta) around the matching motif (green) are https://scispace.com/papers/patchwork-field-emission-properties-of-lanthanum-monosulfide-5c5mwnsb1s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hrtem-images-of-a-top-b-middle-and-c-interface-of-a-25f7gus1.png FIG. 1. HRTEM images of A top, B middle, and C interface of a LaS thin film grown on a 100 Si substrate. The admixture of nanocrystalline phases with different orientations and amorphous material throughout the entire cross section of the film can clearly be seen. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-schematic-representation-of-the-safem-all-five-2277k6m5.png FIG. 2. a Schematic representation of the SAFEM. All five mechanical displacements are piezodriven motors with nanometric resolution. b The exact field distribution is numerically calculated for each value of applied voltage V and distance Z=d. It allowed the extraction of the current density J vs actual applied field F J-F data from the full set of measured I-V characteristics for different values d Ref. 4 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-field-distributions-over-a-planar-cathode-for-two-2d8wokml.png FIG. 7. Field distributions over a planar cathode for two values of applied voltages corresponding to the blackout voltages of Fig. 5. The distance d of the cathode probe is 4.25 m. The estimated field emission areas before and after the first blackout are also indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-i-v-characteristics-from-a-fixed-position-of-the-las-1cnoet2b.png FIG. 5. I-V characteristics from a fixed position of the LaS surface showing two successive blackouts of the FE current when increasing the applied voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-i-schematic-representation-of-a-patchwork-fe-through-2efrbfxn.png FIG. 6. i Schematic representation of a patchwork FE through nanocrystallites a having low work function crystallites a and b have the same orientations but b are FE inert because they are embedded in the layer ; the lines surrounding the nanocrystallites a schematically represent the current lines of the emitted electrons. ii The crystallites a have undergone crystallographic modification due to the FE high current density. Their outcropping surfaces no longer have low work function values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-i-v-characteristics-showing-the-field-emission-wdoutc2x.png FIG. 4. a I-V characteristics showing the field emission current blacking out after reaching a value of 0.5 A. For field emission kept under 0.5 A, the I-V variation is reversible. After the blackout, there is an irreversible change of the surface, which we call “burnout” surface. b FowlerNordheim plots of the same area. The as-grown surface corresponds to a reversible FE with a current less than 1 A. The burnout surface corresponds to the same zone after a sudden blackout of FE when the current is over the 1 A range. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-characteristic-j-f-plot-obtained-from-i-v-12dahizi.png FIG. 3. a Characteristic J-F plot obtained from I-V measurements at different cathode-probe ball distances. The inset is a I-V plot for a SAFEM probe distance of d=3 m. b The same data plotted as ln J /F2 vs 1/F. https://scispace.com/papers/patellar-resurfacing-versus-patellar-retention-in-primary-1zzbvbqccb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-primary-studies-included-in-meta-analyses-1s88ahv1.png Table 5: Primary studies included in meta-analyses https://scispace.com/papers/patent-citation-analysis-with-google-1epqa3km8e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-an-example-of-non-duplicate-and-duplicate-bing-api-375xv62w.png Table 1. An example of non-duplicate and duplicate Bing API results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-google-patent-citations-via-the-bing-api-searches-2smbiam9.png Table 3. Google Patent citations via the Bing API searches and Scopus citations for articles published every second year 1996-2012 (n=322,192 overall). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-10-most-disproportionately-used-terms-in-the-3fbiag26.png Table 6. The 10 most disproportionately used terms in the patent cited articles split by whether they are also in any one of three top 30 lists for academic citations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-10-most-disproportionately-used-terms-in-the-xgjp3nvl.png Table 5. The 10 most disproportionately used terms in the 1,369 patent cited articles out of the 20,195 articles in Pharmacology& Pharmaceutics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-patent-office-origins-of-the-patent-citations-ktor0gxh.png Figure 1. The patent office origins of the patent citations to the 322,192 Scopus articles investigated (n=322,192 overall). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-articles-with-at-least-one-google-patent-citation-1bkerip2.png Table 4. Articles with at least one Google Patent citation (Spearman correlation between Scopus and Google patent citations) by year (n=322,192 overall). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-comparison-of-the-automatically-filtered-bing-api-h853d6fc.png Table 2. A comparison of the automatically filtered Bing API results and the Google Patent (GP) manual searches. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-secondary-analyses-of-google-patent-citations-to-wos-35fi0k0n.png Table 7. Secondary analyses of Google Patent citations to WoS-indexed and Scopus-indexed articles in 2004. https://scispace.com/papers/patents-and-innovation-friends-or-foes-4imisrkfnj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-net-patent-premium-and-elasticities-1naqu3z6.png Table 11: Net patent premium and elasticities https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-equivalent-subsidy-rates-of-patents-by-1vpxs3ec.png Table 1: The equivalent subsidy rates of patents by industries https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-industry-breakdown-of-licensing-deals-2hxl0so7.png Table 8: Industry breakdown of licensing deals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-importance-of-sources-of-information-on-rivals-r-d-3ao74xgs.png Figure 7: Importance of sources of information on rivals’ R&D https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-equivalent-subsidy-rates-of-patents-by-3c4r4x6i.png Table 4: The equivalent subsidy rates of patents by industries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-importance-of-different-sources-of-knowledge-2wur92qj.png Figure 8: Importance of different sources of knowledge. Distribution by technological field https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-patents-as-a-protective-mechanism-amongst-others-393tnoxh.png Figure 3: Patents as a protective mechanism amongst others https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-patent-uses-in-biotechnology-2ewfkzdk.png Figure 9: Patent uses in Biotechnology https://scispace.com/papers/patent-pool-formation-and-scope-of-patents-3hpf4dt1x1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patent-pool-gfp-cifknrih.png Table 1: patent pool GFP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-patent-pools-156e16lg.png Figure 1: Patent pools https://scispace.com/papers/path-based-epidemic-spreading-in-networks-1shb73cnzk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-contact-based-vs-path-based-node-0-is-the-2yv9v24y.png Fig. 1. (Color online) Contact-based vs. path-based: Node 0 is the source of infection. Grey nodes are susceptible nodes; (left) Contact-based epidemics only infect immediate neighbors on all directions; (right) Path-based epidemics infect all nodes along the paths where infectious agents traverse and neighbors having no interaction with the infected node are not proned to infection. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-notations-3bm2mzcn.png TABLE I NOTATIONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-instantaneous-evolution-of-infected-99en9xod.png Fig. 4. (Color online) Instantaneous evolution of infected fraction of population for a scale-free graph of size N = 100 with uniform traffic distribution for τ = {0.5, 0.7, 1.0}. Solid black lines are computed based on Eq. 16 and colored lines with markers are results of Monte-carlo simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-steady-state-infected-fraction-of-3pa6aofk.png Fig. 5. (Color online) Steady state infected fraction of population for a set of sample topologies, N = {100, 200, 300, 400, 500}. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-instantaneous-evolution-of-infected-mi91htfa.png Fig. 3. (Color online) Instantaneous evolution of infected fraction of population for a random graph of size N = 100 with uniform traffic distribution for τ = {0.5, 0.7, 1.0}. Solid black lines are computed based on Eq. 16 and colored lines with markers are results of Monte-carlo simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-by-changing-the-paths-used-for-29wwtc1c.png Fig. 9. (Color online) By changing the paths used for information delivery between node pairs, different level of steady state infected fraction is achieved in the same network. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-top-10-nodes-in-the-three-networks-ranked-in-29jve5p9.png TABLE III TOP 10 NODES IN THE THREE NETWORKS RANKED IN DESCENDING ORDER BASED ON DEGREES (COLUMN 2) AND i∞ (COLUMNS 3-6).8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-the-size-of-epidemic-at-metastable-steady-2cduay5z.png Fig. 6. (Color online) The size of epidemic at metastable steady state for random graphs of size, N = {100, 200, 300, 400, 500}. The infected fraction monotonically increases with the effective spreading rate, τ but only when τ > τc. Inset plot provides the spectral radius of C for the graphs. https://scispace.com/papers/path-planning-for-reconfigurable-rovers-in-planetary-10771vx2y6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-exoter-with-indications-of-some-of-its-active-mvdqfakq.png Figure 1: ExoTeR with indications of some of its active joints https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-resulting-potential-fields-and-trajectories-for-two-1gu6j5wt.png Figure 7: Resulting potential fields and trajectories for two cases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rover-starts-wheel-walking-movement-a-first-the-18rs9gfl.png Figure 2: Rover starts wheel-walking movement (a). First the legs from one side (left or right) move forwards while the rest move backwards(b). Now the other side moves backwards and the first one forward (c). These steps are continuously repeated until rover stops or changes mode(d) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-screenshot-of-the-virtual-scene-in-v-rep-showing-27qjba27.png Figure 8: Screenshot of the virtual scene in V-REP showing the trajectories obtained as result from the two cases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-texture-applied-in-the-virtual-scene-showing-two-383cxxt7.png Figure 4: Texture applied in the virtual scene showing two types of soil: loose and compact https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-process-to-obtain-a-cost-map-grid-based-on-the-3g731bff.png Figure 3: Process to obtain a Cost Map grid based on the existence of obstacles in the form of high slopes and rocks, different types of terrain and the involved risk of being close to an obstacle area https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simulation-environment-architecture-1hfi42lg.png Figure 5: Simulation Environment Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-vortex-primary-and-secondary-friction-axis-during-3d2pzrus.png Figure 6: VORTEX Primary and Secondary Friction Axis during contact between wheel and soil https://scispace.com/papers/pathogenic-and-molecular-variability-of-aspergillus-niger-36lrwibw4q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-similarity-index-values-based-on-the-genetic-3tnwt67y.png Table 2: Similarity index values based on the genetic distance between isolates of Aspergillus niger https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evaluation-of-pathogenic-variability-of-aspergillus-x7hlthjw.png Table 1: Evaluation of pathogenic variability of Aspergillus niger isolates in groundnut under greenhouse conditions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-grouping-of-aspergillus-niger-isolates-based-on-2facj9ag.png Fig. 2: Grouping of Aspergillus niger isolates based on genetic similarities using RAPD markers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pathogenicity-of-isolates-of-aspergillus-niger-in-2son8b7x.png Fig. 1: Pathogenicity of isolates of Aspergillus niger in inducing seedling mortality in groundnut under greenhouse conditions JL24 & TMV2 are the susceptible cultivars used, Seedling mortality was assessed at 30 days after sowing https://scispace.com/papers/pathogen-burden-and-cortisol-profiles-over-the-day-49sepnkjr9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-salivary-cortisol-at-the-six-assessment-points-18z5b0wu.png Fig. 1. Mean salivary cortisol at the six assessment points over the day. Error bars are standard error of the mean (S.E.M.). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-participant-characteristics-associated-with-pathogen-35q2jklm.png Table 2. Participant characteristics associated with pathogen burden https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-salivary-cortisol-in-relation-to-pathogen-burden-15swhb8x.png Table 3. Salivary cortisol in relation to pathogen burden https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pathogen-burden-1sigff2b.png Table 1. Pathogen burden https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-rate-of-salivary-cortisol-decrease-over-the-day-i5xptutb.png Fig. 2. Mean rate of salivary cortisol decrease over the day in participants with infectious burden scores of 0, 1, 2 or 3. The difference was significant after adjustment for age, gender, grade of employment, body mass index, smoking status, self-rated health, cardiovascular medication, depressive symptoms and time of waking in the morning. Error bars are S.E.M. https://scispace.com/papers/pathogenic-commonalities-between-spinal-muscular-atrophy-and-4inwhiaizp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tissues-and-cells-that-share-common-functional-1i8vurjx.png Figure 4. Tissues and cells that share common functional, physiological and molecular pathologies in SMA and ALS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tiff-figure-to-view-all-the-submission-files-wp1c55ka.png Figure 5.tiff [Figure] To view all the submission files, including those not included in the PDF, click on the manuscript title on your EVISE Homepage, then click 'Download zip file'. https://scispace.com/papers/pathogens-and-glioma-a-history-of-unexpected-discoveries-15mqe69tv3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-antitumor-mechanism-of-the-viruses-used-in-the-1p5lswto.png TABLE 3. Antitumor mechanism of the viruses used in the clinical trials https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-viral-and-bacterial-intraparenchymal-delivery-into-2c5zlgbv.png FIG. 3. Viral and bacterial intraparenchymal delivery into tumor via convection-enhanced delivery: herpes virus (left), replicating retrovirus (center), and gram-negative bacilli, such as Escherichia coli and Enterobacter (right). Illustration by Roberto Suazo. Copyright Ashish H. Shah. Published with permission. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-initial-results-of-william-coley-using-bacterial-2xdattie.png FIG. 1. Initial results of William Coley using bacterial toxins (Streptococcus erysipelas and the Bacillus prodigiosus) for sarcoma.11 A: Round-celled sarcoma of the neck successfully treated 7 years after initial diagnosis. B: Inoperable spindle-celled sarcoma of the scapula/chest-wall. C: Full recovery of the patient in panel B, 12 years after treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-c-butryicum-m55-in-brain-abscess-b-liquefaction-of-2car22gj.png FIG. 2. A: C. butryicum M55 in brain abscess. B: Liquefaction of glioblastoma following carotid injection of M55 (arrows indicate abscess cavity). From Heppner F, Möse JR: The liquefaction (oncolysis) of malignant gliomas by a nonpathogenic Clostridium. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 42(1–2):123–125, 1978. With permission of Springer. Figure is available in color online only. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-published-clinical-trials-using-viruses-in-glioma-22rcv3xd.png TABLE 1. Published clinical trials using viruses in glioma https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ongoing-clinical-trials-using-viruses-in-glioma-heahllpt.png TABLE 2. Ongoing clinical trials using viruses in glioma https://scispace.com/papers/pathogenic-yersinia-enterocolitica-o-3-isolated-from-a-uohlwkzptf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prevalence-of-yersinia-spp-in-faeces-of-clinically-a0lvuxu5.png Table 1. Prevalence of Yersinia spp. in faeces of clinically healthy wild ruminants in Switzerland 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-identification-and-characterisation-of-the-yersinia-fozbbeig.png Table 3. Identification and characterisation of the Yersinia strains isolated from wild ruminants free from obvious symptoms of disease https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-antimicrobial-resistance-patterns-in-yersinia-r87kfd2y.png Table 4. Antimicrobial resistance patterns in Yersinia strains isolated from wild game https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prevalence-of-yersinia-spp-in-faeces-of-clinically-1e1708yl.png Table 2. Prevalence of Yersinia spp. in faeces of clinically healthy wild deer https://scispace.com/papers/pathogenic-ddx3x-mutations-impair-rna-metabolism-and-mt2jh56avd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-and-imaging-findings-in-individuals-with-33ipo01n.png Table 1. Clinical and Imaging Findings in Individuals with Mutations in DDX3X https://scispace.com/papers/pathology-caused-by-persistent-murine-norovirus-infection-50prn2xhcu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-histopathological-grading-of-liver-pathology-from-mnv-12m7zob3.png Fig. 6. Histopathological grading of liver pathology from MNV-infected mice. Liver histopathology was scored (see Table S1 for scoring system) after (a) acute (day 7 p.i.) and (b) chronic (day 54 p.i.) infection (108 RNA copies by oral gavage). Individual mouse scores and group medians are shown. Statistical analysis used a Mann–Whitney test; *P<0.01 and **P<0.001 comparing an infected group to the mock-infected group. https://scispace.com/papers/pathological-manifestations-of-farber-disease-in-a-new-mouse-54we8tvx88 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sphingosine-but-not-sphingosine-1-phosphate-28j2395m.png Figure 3: Sphingosine, but not sphingosine-1-phosphate increases in Asah1tmEx1 mice. (A, B) The effects of Asah1-Exon1 knock-out on the activity on sphingomyelinases was assessed at acidic pH (A), as well as the effect on the activity on other ceramidases at neutral pH (B). Lysates were prepared from livers and incubated in the presence of either BODIPY-labeled sphingomyelin (A) or NBD-labeled ceramide (B). Each sample was assessed in duplicate and the mean of each sample is plotted along with the group mean ± SD (n = 3–4 mice for each group). Student’s t-test showed no significant differences compared to wildtype. (C, D) The effect of Asah1 knock-out on sphingosine (C) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) (D) levels were analyzed by rapid resolution LC-MS/MS of snap-frozen organ samples of 42/43-day-old mice. Each replicate is presented including mean ± SD (n = 5 mice for each group). Asterisks indicate significant differences compared to wildtype (Student’s t-test): ***p < 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-lung-inflammation-in-asah1tmex1-mice-a-hematoxylin-f8hjz6ml.png Figure 8: Lung inflammation in Asah1tmEx1 mice. (A) Hematoxylin/eosin staining of perfused, paraformaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded lung sections of 6-week-old mice. Representative images of n ≥ 6 mice are shown for each group. Scale bar: 50 μm. (B–F) The inflammatory infiltrate in the lung was quantified at 6 weeks and characterized by flow cytometry. (B) Absolute-, (C) myeloid-, (D) dendritic-, (E) T- and (F) B-cell numbers were quantified per lung in n = 4 mice. Indicated p-values are the result of Student’s t-test: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-asah1tmex1-mice-fail-to-thrive-severely-shortened-24dinvol.png Figure 4: Asah1tmEx1 mice fail to thrive, severely shortened survival and show histopathological signs of Farber disease. (A, B) Mice were weighed once a week and the same mice were also monitored daily to assess survival (n = 13 at the starting point). (A) Body weight data are presented as mean ± SD Asterisks indicate significant differences compared to the wildtype (Wt) group at the indicated time point (repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni posttests): ***p < 0.001. (B) Differences in survival were assessed using the log-rank/ Mantel-Cox test and the resulting p-values are indicated. The survival of male and female Asah1tmEx1 was not significantly different. (C) Electron micrographs of thin sections through the hippocampi of 6-week-old Wt (left) and Asah1tmEx1 mice (right). Zebra-like storage bodies (red circles) lie between myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. Scale bar: 1 μm. (D, E) histopathology of the effects of ceramide and sphingomyelin accumulation in 6-week-old mice. (D) SafraninO/FastGreen staining and (E) hematoxylin/eosin staining of perfused, paraformaldehydefixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Red arrows indicate foamy macrophage infiltration. Representative images of n ≥ 6 mice are shown for each group. Scale bar: 50 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-deletion-of-acid-ceramidase-signal-peptide-disrupts-2hgewe89.png Figure 1: Deletion of acid ceramidase signal peptide disrupts lysosomal targeting and activity of acid ceramidase. (A) The structure of the murine Asah1 gene in the Asah1fl/fl EIIa-cretg constitutive knock-out line is schematically shown. LoxP sites were added flanking Exon1. Upon EIIa-cre mediated excision Exon1 is deleted in the acid ceramidase mutant mice (Asah1tm1Ex1). Image adapted from Moser et al. (2001). (B) Total RNA was isolated from different tissues and reverse transcribed. The absence of Exon1 in Asah1tmEx1 mice was analyzed by PCR using a forward primer binding in the targeted region of Exon1. RPS6-PCR was conducted in parallel as a positive control. (C) Immunofluorescence staining of mesenchymal stem cells with antibodies directed against acid ceramidase (Ac, red) and the lysosomal marker lysosomal-associated membrane protein1 (Lamp1, green) to determine cellular localization of Ac in the knock-out model. Representative images of three independent experiments are shown. Scale bar: 10 μm. (D) Assessment of acid ceramidase activity upon deletion of the signal peptide. Organ lysates were prepared and incubated in the presence of NBD-labeled ceramide. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 4–7 mice for each group). Multiplicity adjusted p-values are indicated (two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni posttests): **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-antibodies-for-characterization-of-the-lung-3ow57gvx.png Table 2: Antibodies for characterization of the lung inflammatory infiltrate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-renal-manifestations-in-asah1tmex1-mice-a-3j8t47lh.png Figure 11: Renal manifestations in Asah1tmEx1 mice. (A) Hematoxylin/eosin staining of paraformaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded kidney sections of 6-week-old mice. Representative images of n > 6 mice are shown for each group. Scale bar: 50 μm. (B) Serum creatinine was quantified in 6-week-old mice using a colorimetric assay kit. Each replicate is presented as well as mean ± SD. No significant difference according to Student’s t-test. (C) Blood urea nitrogen was quantified using a Spotchem™ (Scil). Each replicate is presented as well as mean ± SD. Indicated p-values are the results of Student’s t-tests: ***p < 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-muscular-manifestations-in-asah1tmex1-mice-a-1difhwak.png Figure 10: Muscular manifestations in Asah1tmEx1 mice. (A) Hematoxylin/eosin staining of paraformaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded skeletal muscle (thigh) sections of 6-week-old mice. Representative images of n > 5 mice are shown for each group. Scale bar: 50 μm. (B, C) Serum parameters were determined using a Spotchem™ (Scil). Each replicate is presented as well as mean ± SD. Multiplicity adjusted p-values are indicated (two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni posttests): ***p < 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-asah1tmex1-share-the-characteristic-inflammatory-2gmcawre.png Figure 5: Asah1tmEx1 share the characteristic inflammatory cytokine profile of FD. (A–D) Serum cytokine levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on day 40–44. Each replicate is presented as well as mean ± SD. Asterisks indicate significant differences as assess by Student’s t-test: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. No significant differences were observed for IL-6 (Supplementary Figure 1) and levels of IL-12 remained below the detection limit. https://scispace.com/papers/pathophysiological-implications-of-rnp-granules-in-2yipvx0o0x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-stress-granule-and-paraspeckle-rnp-2z4qs966.png Figure 1. Structure of stress granule and paraspeckle RNP granules. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-possible-mechanism-of-frontotemporal-dementia-and-y7uf0pjq.png Figure 2. Possible mechanism of frontotemporal dementia and ALS pathogenesis involving RNA-binding proteins and stress granule and paraspeckle RNP granules. https://scispace.com/papers/pathophysiology-of-white-tailed-deer-vaccinated-with-porcine-4lepvxmny0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ovarian-follicle-development-for-control-and-pzp-s530azly.png Table 3 Ovarian follicle development for control and PZP-treated female white-tailed deer at Seneca Army Depot, Romulus, New York, 2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-weights-mg-of-left-and-right-ovaries-pzp-antibody-1bkgc0ej.png Table 2 Weights (mg) of left and right ovaries, PZP antibody titers and incidence of oophoritis for control and PZP treated female white-tailed deer at Seneca Army Depot, Romulus, New York, 2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-standard-errors-and-t-test-statistics-for-swn7d87m.png Table 1 Means, standard errors, and t-test statistics for blood parameters of female white-tailed deer in Control and PZP-treated groups at Seneca Army Depot, Romulus, New York, 2000 https://scispace.com/papers/paths-to-success-the-relationship-between-human-development-b693jjkmo3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-1wum9o1a.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-30bt5i58.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3hkwrhqf.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-virtuous-vicious-and-lop-sided-performance-1960-2001-oi2f1iv3.png Table 1 Virtuous, Vicious and Lop-Sided Performance, 1960-2001 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3lrssse7.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chain-a-regressions-from-eg-to-the-change-in-hd-3hrfm4qh.png Table 2 Chain A Regressions: From EG to the Change in HD (Measure of ∆HD is IMSR, 1960-2001) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-country-hd-eg-quadrant-changes-over-four-decades-3c436lyn.png Figure 3 Country HD-EG Quadrant Changes over Four Decades, 1960-2001 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hd-and-eg-performance-1960-2001-uoq6116r.png Figure 2 HD and EG Performance, 1960-2001 https://scispace.com/papers/pathophysiology-of-muscle-dysfunction-in-copd-221wd6ml1u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-main-factors-thought-to-contribute-to-respiratory-and-2g6t07q6.png Fig. 1. Main factors thought to contribute to respiratory and/or peripheral muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pulmonary hyperinflation appears as the main factor contributing to respiratory muscle dysfunction, whereas deconditioning seems to play the key role in limb muscle dysfunction. However, additional systemic factors, such as tobacco smoking, systemic inflammation, intense exercise, exacerbations, nutritional and gas exchange abnormalities, anabolic insufficiency, comorbidities, and drugs also modulate muscle function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-role-and-relationships-of-inflammation-and-oxidative-2y6xkxde.png Fig. 2. Role and relationships of inflammation and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle dysfunction of COPD patients. Factors involved. ROS, reactive oxygen species. https://scispace.com/papers/pathway-association-studies-tool-249fd6pr25 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-process-used-in-past-16sruh27.png Figure 1: The process used in PAST https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-screenshot-of-the-r-shiny-application-2179iz7y.png Figure 3: A screenshot of the R Shiny application https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-past-output-amt3xoju.png Figure 2: Example PAST Output https://scispace.com/papers/pathway-dynamics-can-delineate-the-sources-of-1v8pelkkzw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-accuracy-of-our-representations-for-the-telegraph-2z2yxueo.png Figure 2: (A) Accuracy of our representations for the Telegraph and negative binomial distribution. For each of the results in (3)-(5), we compare the (fixed-parameter) Telegraph and negative binomial distributions with their respective compound representations for two different sets of parameter values. The top panel (shown in pink) is shows comparisons for (3). Referring to Table 1, the parameter values for the top panel are (left) λ = 2, µ′ = 12, K ′ = 100, µ = 3, and K ∼ BetaK′(5, 9), and (right) λ = 1, µ′ = 20, K ′ = 100, µ = 2 and K ∼ BetaK′(3, 18). The middle panel (green) gives comparisons for (4), with parameter values (left) λ = 10, β = 2, µ = 2 and K ∼ Gamma(12, 2) and (right) λ = 1, β = 1, µ = 2 and K ∼ Gamma(3, 1). The bottom panel (coral) gives comparisons for (5). The parameter values (left) are λ′ = 10, λ = 15 and c = 2 and (right) are λ′ = 2, λ = 5 and c = 3. (B) The top figure compares a Telegraph(2, 4, 60) distribution with samples from a compound Telegraph distribution with normal noise Norm(37, 10) on the transcription rate parameter. The middle figure compares a NegBin(5, 0.5) with samples from a compound Telegraph distribution with normal noise Norm(5.5, 2.3) on the transcription rate parameter. The bottom figure compares a NegBin(5, 1) distribution with samples from a compound negative binomial distribution with normal noise Norm(2.3, 0.6) on the burst intensity parameter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-comparison-of-the-pathway-reporter-method-and-the-1qnhio73.png Table 2: A comparison of the pathway-reporter method and the dual-reporter method for constitutive expression under the model M1. Here PR gives the results of the nascent and mature pathway reporters, while DR (Mat) gives the results of dual reporters calculated from the mature mRNA. We considered noise on both the transcription rate (KN) and the maturation rate (KM). The decay rate is fixed at one, with the other parameters scaled accordingly. In each case, the maturation rateKM is varied according to aGamma(8, 1.25) distribution, which has coefficient of variation 0.125. The values given are the average of 100 simulations, each calculated from 500 copy number samples, and the errors are ± one standard deviation. Our theory predicts that pathway-reporters will identify the noise on the nascent transcription rate KN (η2ext). The noise distribution parameters are chosen to produce an average nascent mRNA copy number of approximately 5 and an average mature mRNA copy number of approximately 50. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-a-comparison-of-the-pathway-reporter-method-and-dual-3dsul4zs.png Table 4: A comparison of the pathway-reporter method and dual-reporter method for bursty expression. Here PR (NP) gives the results of the nascent and protein pathway reporters, PR (MP) gives the results of the mRNA and protein reporters, while DR (Mat) gives the results of the dual reporters calculated from the mature mRNA. We consider noise on all of the parameters except for δM and KM ; see discussion in main text. The values given are the average of 100 simulations, each calculated from 500 copy number samples, and the errors are ± one standard deviation. Our theory predicts that pathwayreporters will identify the noise at both the promoter level (λ, µ) and transcriptional level (KN , δm); the total extrinsic noise in each case is given by η2ext. As before, the noise distribution parameters are chosen to produce an average nascent mRNA copy number of 5 and an average mature mRNA copy number of 50, and an average number of 1000 proteins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-stochastic-models-of-gene-expression-the-model-m1-2vri0p9q.png Figure 4: (A) Stochastic models of gene expression. The model M1 is the simplest model of mRNA maturation. Here nascent (unspliced) mRNA are shown in red/blue wavy lines; the blue segments represent introns and the red segments represent the exons. Nascent mRNA are synthesized at the rate KN , and spliced into mature mRNA (blue wavy lines) at rate KM . Degradation of the mature mRNA occurs at rate δM . The model M2 is the well-known two-stage model of gene expression. The model M3 is the extension of the two-stage model to include promoter switching. The nodes A (active) and I (inactive) represent the state of the gene, with transitions between states occurring at rates λ and µ. The remaining parameters are the same as those in the model M2. The model M4 extends the model M3 by incorporating mRNA maturation. Here KN is the transcription rate parameter, and KM is the maturation rate. All other parameters are the same as in M3. (B) Time series simulation of the copy number and activity state of a gene modelled by M4. For ease of visualisation, the parameters were artificially chosen as λ = 2, µ = 2.5, KN = 40, KM = 4, Kp = 4 and δp = 1, with all parameters scaled relative to δm = 1. (C) As λ approaches 0, we see a higher correlation in the copy numbers of nascent mRNA, mature mRNA and protein. Again, the parameters are artificially chosen to be λ = 0.1, µ = 2.5, KN = 80, KM = 4, Kp = 4 and δp = 1, with all parameters scaled relative to δm = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-comparison-of-joint-distributions-in-the-case-of-15szxlxc.png Figure 3: A comparison of joint distributions in the case of moderate extrinsic noise and no extrinsic noise. The plots are generated from a three-stage model of gene transcription, incorporating the production of nascent mRNA, mature mRNA and protein. Details of the model can be found in Fig. 4 (model M4) and the associated text. The top panel shows nascent-mature, nascent-protein and mature-protein joint distributions in the case of extrinsic noise, while the bottom panel displays the corresponding plots in the case of no extrinsic noise. Extrinsic noise produces a visibly more correlated joint distribution, which forms the basis of the pathway-reporter method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-non-identifiability-results-the-qz76e9hf.png Table 1: Summary of the non-identifiability results. The results given in lines 1, 3 and 5 are our contributions, while the remaining representations (lines 2 and 4) are known and can be obtained as special cases of our results. Note that here we use Tele(λ, µ,K) to denote a Telegraph distribution with parameters λ, µ,K. In lines 3 and 4, the parameter β > 0 can be chosen freely and determines the mean burst intensity in the resulting compound system. In line 5 the parameters b, θ > 0 are again mean burst intensities, and b can be chosen freely in the determination of the distribution of θ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-modelling-the-effects-of-both-intrinsic-and-33mdzwqq.png Figure 1: Modelling the effects of both intrinsic and extrinsic noise. (A) A schematic of the Telegraph process, with nodes A (active) and I (inactive) representing the state of the gene. Transitions between the states A and I occur stochastically at rates µ and λ, respectively. The parameter K is the mRNA transcription rate, and δ is the degradation rate. (B) The compound model incorporates extrinsic noise by assuming that parameters θ of the Telegraph model vary across an ensemble of cells, according to some probability distribution f(θ; η). (C) Variation in the parameters across the cell population leads to greater variability in the mRNA copy number distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-heatmaps-for-the-intrinsic-contribution-to-the-1vbn515s.png Figure 5: Heatmaps for the intrinsic contribution to the covariance, which estimates the level of overshoot in the pathway-reporter approach for the nascent-protein and matureprotein reporters; blue regions show an overshoot of less than ≃ 0.05. Here the intrinsic contribution is calculated using stochastic simulations of the model M4. In the left panels, the parameter µ = 2 is fixed, while δp and the on-rate λ are varied between 0.01 and 1 and 0.5 and 4, respectively. In the right panels, the parameter µ = 20 is fixed, while δp and the on-rate λ vary between 0.01 and 1, and 1 and 10, respectively. In all cases, the parameters are scaled so that δM = 1. The maturation rate is fixed at 20, with the parameters KN and KP are chosen to produce a mean protein level of 1000, a mean nascent mRNA level of 5 and a mean mature mRNA level of 50. https://scispace.com/papers/pathway-to-political-participation-the-influence-of-online-58m9tc8oou 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-logistic-regression-analysis-for-sfhh357e.png Table 2. Summary of Logistic Regression Analysis for Variables Predicting Turnout (n = 612). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-random-effects-panel-model-results-predicting-change-mjx18zb6.png Table 1. Random Effects Panel Model Results Predicting Change in Internal Political Efficacy Using Generalized Least Square Estimation (N = 729 individuals in 3 waves). https://scispace.com/papers/patient-and-family-perspectives-on-peritoneal-dialysis-at-2nluxb2yv1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-patient-and-relatives-demographics-2cvyo812.png Table 2: Patient and relatives, demographics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inclusion-criteria-32d2pt8b.png Table 1: Inclusion criteria https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-example-of-creativity-with-peritoneal-dialysis-o7hov4lj.png Figure 3: An example of creativity with peritoneal dialysis – Paul’s trolley https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-patient-and-relatives-demographics-3w2qdp8y.png Table 2: Patient and relatives, demographics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-end-stage-renal-disease-trajectory-adapted-for-v95oczn5.png Figure 2: The end-stage renal disease trajectory adapted for peritoneal dialysis, with participants’ perspectives of the treatment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-example-of-creativity-with-peritoneal-dialysis-2r28lo6z.png Figure 3: An example of creativity with peritoneal dialysis – Paul’s trolley https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-process-of-data-analysis-1ayy5cdx.png Figure 1: Process of data analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-examples-of-what-was-observed-during-fieldwork-1qj6ayy7.png Table 3: Examples of what was observed during fieldwork https://scispace.com/papers/pathways-to-sustainability-careers-building-capacity-to-59tns305l1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-provides-an-example-of-the-kinds-of-skills-or-2fjsfd3t.png Table 1 provides an example of the kinds of skills or competencies each program might be evaluated against, drawing from Ashoka U,16 the International Society of Sustainability Professionals (2010),5 Wiek et al. (2011),4 and Kuh and O’Donnell (2013).12 Once the specific competencies and attributes that PSU wants to focus on are identified and agreed upon, ISS’s expanding assessment initiative can provide a framework to track the delivery of learning outcomes and competencies, serving as the basis for the shared measurement system needed to support successful collective action efforts. Information gleaned from assessment efforts https://scispace.com/papers/pathways-of-carbon-oxidation-in-continental-margin-sediments-m4i4aklgs4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-depth-distributions-of-paramc-ters-used-in-carbonate-4azw2jye.png Fig. 12. Depth distributions of paramc ters used in carbonate dissolution rate calculations. pH was measured at the end of the short-term incubations. For ion molality products (IMP, see text), the vertical line represents the apparent solubility constant of calcite. Dissolution rates were calculated assuminn k of 5% d-’ (Eq. 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-depth-distributions-of-initial-extractable-n03-in-3mikizrb.png Fig. 5. Depth distributions of initial extractable N03- in sediments used for incubations. The extracted amounts have been converted to equivalent port-water concentrations. The bar marked L3. W. indicates the range of bottom-water N03concentrations at the shelf stations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-x0-nh-accumulation-ratios-in-sediment-incubations-3vjv98ju.png Table 6. X0, : NH,+ accumulation ratios in sediment incubations (mol : mol). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pools-of-reactive-mn-and-poorly-crystalline-fe-iii-1oeypgro.png Table 4. Pools of reactive Mn and poorly crystalline Fe(III) (mmol m-2) (nd-not detected). https://scispace.com/papers/patient-and-public-involvement-in-the-design-of-clinical-11zk75m69x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-excluded-studies-1l0w2nmc.png Table 5 Excluded Studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-suggestions-for-patient-personal-and-public-1witb7rl.png Table 2 Suggestions for Patient, Personal and Public Involvement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-provides-an-outline-of-the-swot-with-the-themes-19ul4yc5.png Figure 5 provides an outline of the SWOT with the themes used for analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-included-reviews-3erksnpk.png Table 1 Included reviews https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-overview-search-terms-for-medline-2ds30rgh.png Table 4 Overview search terms for MedLine https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ppi-in-reviews-n-27-grouped-by-task-and-method-rq-3hp8pnz9.png Figure 3 PPI in reviews (n=27) grouped by task and method, RQ (research question), combination (multiple PPI tasks and methods reported), Multiple/other refers to multiple tasks and other methods such as peer to peer interviewing/support, administering interventions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-quality-appraisal-using-casp-nice-risk-of-bias-rob-1bs5h0gj.png Figure 2 Quality Appraisal using CASP, NICE, Risk of bias (ROB)/conflict of interest (COI) and Critical appraisal by CerQual (CQ) appraising four sectors; quality of methodology, coherence, relevance and adequacy and reporting of bias or conflict of interest with scores each ranging from 1-3, low-high for a composite score of 21. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prisma-flow-diagram-3s35p35y.png Figure 1 PRISMA Flow Diagram https://scispace.com/papers/patient-derived-cell-line-models-revealed-therapeutic-2f6vtnrwhp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analysis-of-potential-therapeutic-targets-2kvld52s.png Table 2. Analysis of potential therapeutic targets https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-information-on-clinical-data-of-the-patients-and-3ezxr9pz.png Table 1. Information on clinical data of the patients and gene mutations of the tumors https://scispace.com/papers/patient-disease-features-and-glycemic-targets-in-type-2-49y6pus5k8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-clinical-features-of-the-400-study-patients-with-1jj79jp3.png Table 2 Clinical features of the 400 study patients with type 2 diabetes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-scoring-criteria-of-the-six-patient-disease-features-1d73zhzd.png Table 1 Scoring criteria of the six patient/disease features, ranging from 0 (good) to 1 (intermediate) or 2 (poor) https://scispace.com/papers/patient-perceived-health-service-needs-in-inflammatory-28655ufwag 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-quality-assessment-of-qualitative-studies-using-casp-2ztfulbd.png Table 3: Quality assessment of qualitative studies using CASP tool (19) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-quality-assessment-of-quantitative-studies-using-dchu5plo.png Table 3: Quality assessment of qualitative studies using CASP tool (19) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-modified-prisma-flow-diagram-24zwatfl.png Figure 1: Modified PRISMA flow diagram https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-patient-perceived-needs-regarding-health-services-bp1luq3f.png Table 2: Patient perceived needs regarding health services https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-characteristics-of-included-studies-2at46ok9.png Table 1: Descriptive characteristics of included studies https://scispace.com/papers/patient-reported-outcome-measures-in-oral-lichen-planus-a-jp0nh7cssc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristics-of-proms-assessing-psychosocial-hczq2ef8.png Table 3 Characteristics of PROMs assessing psychosocial status in clinical studies of patients with OLP https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristics-of-proms-assessing-psychosocial-23yo40vn.png Table 3 Characteristics of PROMs assessing psychosocial status in clinical studies of patients with OLP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-showing-database-search-results-and-2fwjhs6a.png Figure 1. Flow chart showing database search results and number and types of included studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-types-by-concepts-measured-acronyms-and-frequency-of-3n5h31jq.png Table 1 Types (by concepts measured), acronyms and frequency of use of PROMs in clinical studies of patients with OLP https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-types-by-concepts-measured-acronyms-and-frequency-of-3p7f9sle.png Table 1 Types (by concepts measured), acronyms and frequency of use of PROMs in clinical studies of patients with OLP https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-psychometric-properties-of-identified-27tulkyl.png Table 5 Summary of psychometric properties of identified PROMs in clinical studies of patients with OLP https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-characteristics-of-proms-assessing-quality-of-life-4gbpx0n4.png Table 4 Characteristics of PROMs assessing quality of life in clinical studies of patients with OLP https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-word-descriptors-used-in-vas-in-the-studies-3vpnazog.png Table 2 Word descriptors used in VAS in the studies assessing oral symptoms of OLP https://scispace.com/papers/patient-reported-kneeling-ability-in-fixed-and-mobile-y8ezf0qj31 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2t2hm4co.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-uayrff3z.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1arvt4w0.png TABLE 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3qk2vx0f.png TABLE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-vl86irgy.png TABLE 5 https://scispace.com/papers/patient-satisfaction-in-a-one-stop-haematuria-clinic-and-5ch13kbxzs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-gp-referral-periods-for-one-stop-nskrzgda.png Figure 3: Comparison of GP Referral Periods for “One-stop” Haematuria patients versus Urology Outpatients https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-patient-satisfaction-characteristics-based-upon-the-1mkn8tgl.png Figure 2: Patient Satisfaction Characteristics based upon the “Taxonomy of Dimensions” (Ware et al, 1984) https://scispace.com/papers/patient-specific-haemodynamic-modeling-after-occlusion-2wmqdhzllw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-intersection-of-centerlines-2th8keo0.png Figure 4. Intersection of centerlines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-centerlines-before-a-and-after-b-splitting-1x82fv6l.png Figure 3. Centerlines before (a) and after (b) splitting. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-arterial-part-of-the-network-lk-is-2dc82e1g.png Table 1. Parameters of the arterial part of the network: lk is the length of the k th vessel, dk is the diameter of the k th vessel, ∗ denotes the vessel without occlusion, ∗∗ denotes the vessel with occlusion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-nodes-numbering-in-algorithm-2-1-kfks2jfl.png Figure 5. Nodes numbering in algorithm 2.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-1d-core-network-of-arterial-part-of-systemic-44z71tsz.png Figure 8. The 1D core network of arterial part of systemic circulation based on virtual 3D model [21]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-large-arterial-vessels-network-of-the-left-3dj33xgh.png Figure 9. The large arterial vessels network of the left thigh. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3d-segmentation-based-on-mri-data-a-vessels-with-8e8sz11w.png Figure 1. 3D segmentation based on MRI data: A — vessels with bones, B — vessels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-peak-blood-velocities-39ys8ze0.png Table 2. Peak blood velocities. https://scispace.com/papers/patient-specific-aortic-phantom-with-tunable-compliance-2jkunjieo3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-overlapping-of-two-scans-of-the-same-phantom-at-0-and-2100nmwx.png Fig. 15 Overlapping of two scans of the same phantom at 0 and 120 mmHg pressure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-overall-setup-of-the-developed-phantom-the-vessel-2ooujva3.png Fig. 11 Overall setup of the developed phantom. The vessel (gray) was manufactured using a casting procedure and then placed into an acrylic water-tight housing connected to a compliance chamber. The water surrounding the phantom in the housing ensures the physiological orientation. The level of water inside the compliance chamber can be adjusted using the luer lock valve. The two chambers are connected via a 10 mmdiameter rigid tube. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-the-nonpulsatile-test-15qvbl76.png Table 3 Results of the nonpulsatile test https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-the-pulsatile-tests-34hytz96.png Table 4 Results of the pulsatile tests https://scispace.com/papers/patient-specific-vascular-benchtop-models-for-development-1ag0qqup7t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-new-medical-device-development-stages-according-to-the-348lm6lv.png Fig. 1. New medical device development stages according to the FDA [8]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-calcification-distribution-along-the-vasculature-of-2bcyw922.png Fig. 5. Calcification distribution along the vasculature of interest assessed via image processing in Mimics 16.0 (Materialise NV, Leuven). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-3d-printed-heartprinttm-flex-model-of-the-abdominal-31u2x6gx.png Fig. 6. 3D printed HeartPrintTM Flex model of the abdominal aorta with patient specific calcifications. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-picture-of-the-set-up-where-the-ivus-probe-was-2jpv4tbz.png Fig. 8. Picture of the set-up where the IVUS probe was inserted in the HeartPrintTM Flex model attached to the pumping circuit. The model was tilted inside the box to enable the connection of the model with the pump, and to enable insertion of the IVUS probe. Placing the model in a box enabled submerging the region of interest in a fluid making it air-free https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-patient-specific-silicon-benchtop-model-manufactured-1xszv6gh.png Fig. 7. Patient specific silicon benchtop model manufactured by a hybrid method. The model is placed on a 3D printed support designed to preserve the anatomical vascular orientation and avoid deformation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-heartprinttm-flex-and-silicon-3p4pdj34.png Table 1. Parameters of the HeartPrintTM Flex and silicon material resulting from the fitting process, as well as the corresponding parameters of a healthy human aorta. S1, S2 -silicon test sample 1, 2, HPF1, HPF 2 - HeartPrintTM Flex sample 1,2. Note that for the latter samples, parameters were sought with and without the fiber reinforcement component (respectively, with the HGO model = the first line per sample, and the NH model = the second line per sample), whereas for the aortic material, which is clearly a composite, only parameters with the reinforcement component are shown. NRSME - the normalized root means square error quantifying the goodness of fit; c, 𝑘1, 𝑘2, 𝛼 and 𝜅 - material parameters obtained from the parameter fitting. For more information on these material models and other continuum-mechanical aspects, please refer to [27]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-ivus-image-of-the-silicon-model-images-provided-by-2y66903s.png Fig. 11. IVUS image of the silicon model (Images provided by Stammatia Gianarou, Su-Lin Lee, Liang Zhao, Imperial College, London). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-ivus-image-of-the-model-with-automatic-detection-of-10k78av1.png Fig. 12. IVUS image of the model with automatic detection of the inner vessel wall contour (Images provided by Stammatia Gianarou, Su-Lin Lee, Liang Zhao, Imperial College, London). https://scispace.com/papers/patients-and-nurses-perceptions-of-respect-and-human-49obek69yo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-patients-and-nurses-ratings-of-the-category-3idsw0gk.png Table 2. Patients’ and nurses’ ratings of the category ‘Assurance of Human Presence’ https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patients-and-nurses-ratings-on-the-category-2dd17ig1.png Table 1. Patients’ and nurses’ ratings on the category ‘Respectful Deference to Others’ https://scispace.com/papers/patients-information-seeking-activity-is-associated-with-4kcy9gogch 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-odds-ratio-and-95-ci-for-non-compliance-and-11ab7zty.png Table 6: Odds ratio and 95% CI for non-compliance and information seeking, adjusted for confounding factors and other selected risk factors https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-socio-demographic-and-psychosocial-characteristics-2xwt6wym.png Table 2: Socio-demographic and psychosocial characteristics of the study population. Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-crude-or-and-95-ci-for-non-compliance-according-to-3mh3t7rh.png Table 4: Crude OR and 95% CI for non-compliance according to socio-demographic risk factors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-a-sources-and-b-themes-of-information-3625h1pi.png Figure 1: Comparison of (A) sources and (B) themes of information consulted among patients compliant and non-compliant to treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-crude-or-and-95-ci-for-non-compliance-according-to-nqdt9z6y.png Table 5: Crude OR and 95% CI for non-compliance according to disease- and drugrelated risk factors https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-disease-and-drug-related-characteristics-of-the-3op59pee.png Table 3: Disease- and drug-related characteristics of the study population. Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-sub-themes-and-main-themes-of-information-hs34b1ib.png Table 1: Details of sub-themes and main themes of information searched https://scispace.com/papers/patients-views-on-the-quality-of-care-when-receiving-2el02lmcx7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-questions-asked-and-quantitative-results-3fh3yr0p.png Table 1. Questions asked and quantitative results https://scispace.com/papers/patients-use-of-information-about-medicine-side-effects-in-1v4rf7cy05 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-respondents-demographic-characteristics-and-self-kc1y0eai.png Table 1 Respondents’ demographic characteristics and self-reported use of medicines https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-factors-used-to-identify-suspected-adrs-by-1dsglehb.png Table 4 Factors used to identify suspected ADRs by respondents (n = 562) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-respondents-experiences-of-reporting-suspected-adrs-3g0rkp8j.png Table 5 Respondents’ experiences of reporting suspected ADRs to health professionals https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-respondent-characteristics-in-relation-to-h7nmyyyf.png Table 3 Respondent characteristics in relation to experiences of suspected ADRs https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-respondents-behaviours-regarding-side-effect-1osns5ox.png Table 2 Respondents’ behaviours regarding side effect information-seeking and perceived knowledge https://scispace.com/papers/patients-with-advanced-hepatocellular-carcinoma-need-a-46511945fw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-survival-of-patients-according-to-bclc-c-subclasses-a-2nqxdaqy.png FIG. 2. Survival of patients according to BCLC C subclasses (A) and according to the type of MVI extension (black line, p-MVI; gray line, c-MVI (main portal trunk); B). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-continued-2c3rlux7.png TABLE 4. Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-risk-factors-for-mortality-in-patients-with-advanced-2o4di4rm.png TABLE 4. Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bclc-c-subgroups-classified-according-to-the-20wicif5.png TABLE 1. BCLC C Subgroups Classified According to the Characteristics That Allocate Patients to the Advanced Stage https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-chart-of-the-patient-enrollment-from-the-ita-li-13befi9d.png FIG. 1. Flow chart of the patient enrollment from the ITA.LI.CA database. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-independent-risk-factors-for-mortality-in-patients-xi1b6k96.png TABLE 5. Independent Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients With Advanced HCC (Multivariate Regression Analysis) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-survival-of-patients-treated-with-bsc-in-the-bclc-c-38l4m1tq.png FIG. 3. Survival of patients treated with BSC in the BCLC C subclasses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-continued-3j6j7j7b.png TABLE 5. Independent Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients With Advanced HCC (Multivariate Regression Analysis) https://scispace.com/papers/pattern-analysis-of-turkish-bread-wheat-landraces-and-8dzezogvsm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-grouping-of-225-bread-wheat-genotypes-200-pure-3shyh2zw.png Figure 4. Grouping of 225 bread wheat genotypes (200 pure lines of landraces and 25 cultivars) based on 8 quality traits across growing seasons. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-values-studied-traits-for-clusters-across-9zph5oww.png Table 3. Mean values studied traits for clusters across growing seasons https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-origin-of-pure-lines-selected-from-turkish-bread-ftmi7sbk.png Figure 1. Origin of pure lines selected from Turkish bread wheat landraces https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-performance-plots-of-10-genotype-clusters-ipq1w4wl.png Figure 5. Performance plots of 10 genotype clusters identified by cluster analysis for quality character. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-genotype-by-quality-trait-gt-biplot-of-225-nvvsq89o.png Figure 2. Genotype by quality trait (GT) biplot of 225 genotypes across growing seasons https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-traits-across-growing-1pu0e8tt.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics of traits across growing seasons (n= 200 for pure lines, n= 25 for cultivars) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-group-by-trait-biplot-of-ten-genotype-clusters-1hq9uex9.png Figure 3. Group by trait biplot of ten genotype clusters https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pearson-correlation-coefficient-between-quality-38f4f54c.png Table 2. Pearson correlation coefficient between quality traits (n=225) https://scispace.com/papers/pattern-classification-and-pso-optimal-weights-based-sky-3k6d5osz8j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-4r-value-of-each-algorithm-22lp3yxp.png TABLE IV. 4R VALUE OF EACH ALGORITHM https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-specific-weights-of-the-10-classes-2gg2yrml.png TABLE I. THE SPECIFIC WEIGHTS OF THE 10 CLASSES https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-accuracy-of-cross-validation-37f8wp6d.png TABLE VI. ACCURACY OF CROSS-VALIDATION https://scispace.com/papers/pattern-dynamics-of-vortex-ripples-in-sand-nonlinear-45rhtr9j8q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-an-example-of-an-extracted-profile-opaque-region-and-18odp0dz.png FIG. 3. (a) An example of an extracted profile (opaque region) and the fitted triangles with constant slope. The line is shown above the profile for clarity. (b) Space-time plot of the experimental evolution of the position of the ripple crests starting from ripples with lengths 2.5 cm and evolving with a 6 cm and n 0.6 Hz. (c) A simulation of the model (1) using the extracted interaction function and the same initial conditions as above. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-sketch-of-the-experimental-setup-seen-from-above-1l743tl3.png FIG. 2. A sketch of the experimental setup seen from above (left) and from the side (right). The length of the arm E and the width of the channel are not to scale. See text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-interaction-function-for-a-6-cm-and-n-0-6-hz-the-3rc93ub9.png FIG. 1. The interaction function for a 6 cm and n 0.6 Hz. The thick gray line is the smooth average of the three different functions (mean values subtracted). The right limit of the plot at l a 1.45 is the limit of stability, where new ripples are created lmax . The inset shows a sketch of the ripples in the part of the oscillation when the flow is from the left to the right. The interaction function can be interpreted as the transport of sand in the trough, across the vertical dashed line. https://scispace.com/papers/pattern-fluid-interpretation-of-chemical-turbulence-43e4edvtm5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-substantial-differences-between-the-2svdj08a.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Substantial differences between the concentration profiles of stationary hexagonal patterns in the CIMA reaction and the reaction-diffusion model are reconciled by the patternfluid model. (a) Experimental hexagonal pattern from [13] at concentrations [ClO−2 ] A = 20 mM, [H2SO4]B = 100 mM, [MA] = 9 mM. (b) Numerical pattern-fluid for φ = 0.425, N = 3 (c) Minkowski functionals V (ρ), S(ρ), and χ (ρ) of the hexagonal phase of the LE model from Fig. 1(a) (dots), experimental CIMA pattern (solid) from (a), and pattern-fluid (dashed) from (b). The Minkowski functionals of the LE model and CIMA pattern are significantly different. A much better agreement is found for the pattern fluid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-use-of-minkowski-functionals-to-3849o77p.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Use of Minkowski functionals to characterize different phases of the Lengyel-Epstein model. Numerical solutions of the LE equations in the (a) hexagonal phase, σ = 20, a = 12, b = 0.38 and (b) stripe phase, σ = 20, a = 11.6, b = 0.3. The gray scale corresponds to the value of the concentration profile u(x,y), where black is the maximum and white the minimum concentration. (c) AreaV (ρ), perimeter S(ρ), and Euler characteristic χ (ρ) as a function of the binarization threshold ρ for the hexagonal (black solid) and stripe (blue dashed) patterns from (a) and (b). The functional dependence on ρ is characteristic for each phase and can be used to distinguish the phases quantitatively. See also section 1 of the Supplemental Material [19] for details on the Minkowski functional calculations and interpretations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-reproduction-of-experimental-1jrulj72.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Reproduction of experimental concentration profiles of the turbulent CIMA phase by the pattern-fluid model. (a) Experimental turbulent pattern from [13,24] with concentrations [ClO−2 ] A = 18 mM, [H2SO4]B = 30 mM, [MA] = 9 mM. See [13] for initial chemical concentrations. (b) Numerical pattern fluid according to Eq. (3) with φ = 0.1, N = 12. (c) Area V (ρ)/A0, perimeter S(ρ)λ/A0, and Euler characteristic χ (ρ)λ2/A0 as a function of ρ for the experimental turbulence (solid) and numerical pattern-fluid patterns (dashed) from (a) and (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-patterns-and-nonlinear-interaction-2oe3sdbd.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Patterns and nonlinear interaction strength of the (a,b) parameter space of the reaction-diffusion model. Left: Stationary homogeneous (gray square), hexagonal (orange circle), mixed (orange diamond) and stripe (violet triangle) patterns in the Lengyel-Epstein reaction-diffusion model in the a,b plane with σ = 20. The solid line indicates the Turing bifurcation. Right: Nonlinear interaction strength quantified by 〈( ∂ū ∂t )2 + ( ∂v̄ ∂t )2〉 + c in the a,b plane, where c is a constant chosen to be equal to b for alignment with the plot on the left. For a below the Turing bifurcation, the nonlinear interaction strength is 0 since the fundamental patterns are spatially homogeneous. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-pattern-fluid-model-heterogeneous-3kqyrg6b.png FIG. 1. (Color online) The pattern-fluid model. Heterogeneous spatial patterns are interpreted as the superposition of N + 1 randomly arranged fundamental patterns, of weights (1 − φ)/N and φ according to Eq. (3). The fundamental patterns represent solutions of the Lengyel-Epstein equations. The random orientation and position arises either by translation and rotation or naturally from random differences in the perturbations of the homogeneous state that lead to the patterns. The stationary ordered phases arise when the amplitude φ, of a single pattern, here called dominant pattern, becomes significantly larger than the weight of the other patterns, i.e., φ (1 − φ)/N . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-optimal-parameters-for-the-pattern-fluid-3lvo09ol.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Optimal parameters for the pattern-fluid model. Determination of optimal parameter values φ and N in the pattern-fluid model by minimizing the mean-squared difference between Minkowski functionals of simulated and experimental CIMA patterns: = max( V, S, χ ) for the numerical pattern fluid (averaged over 10 realizations) as a function of φ,N for a hexagonal fundamental pattern u0 (σ = 20, a = 12, b = 0.38) compared to CIMA patterns from [13]. Left: Hexagonal phase [ClO−2 ] A = 20 mM, [H2SO4]B = 100 mM, [MA] = 9 mM, where (a) gives as a function of N for fixed values of φ = 0.1, 0.4, 1 and (b) is a gray-scale plot of in the N , φ plane. Right: Turbulent phase [ClO−2 ] A = 18 mM, [H2SO4]B = 30 mM, [MA] = 9 mM, with (c) as a function of N and (d) in the N , φ plane. Lower values mark a better agreement. https://scispace.com/papers/pattern-recognition-in-super-resolution-images-4kz5rkzwy6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-gpvi-point-localisations-extracted-from-a-storm-image-32edxreq.png Fig 2: GPVI point localisations extracted from a STORM image of platelets adhered to a collagenous surface. Image courtesy of N .S. Poulter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-storm-image-of-fluorescently-labelled-gpvi-molecules-kdit5cd2.png Fig 1: STORM image of fluorescently labelled GPVI molecules in platelets on a collagenous surface. Image courtesy of N.S. Poulter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-of-quadtree-decomposition-on-a-wide-field-1wgf4pdc.png Fig 4: Results of quadtree decomposition on a wide field dataset, minimum cluster size defined as 100 points with a rainbow density colour map applied. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-of-the-quadtree-decomposition-algorithm-3eju0jhd.png Fig 3: Results of the quadtree decomposition algorithm applied to the dataset shown in figure 2. Minimum cluster size is was defined as 100 points, and varying density ranks are denoted by a rainbow colour map, with red representing lowest density rank and purple representing highest. https://scispace.com/papers/pattern-formation-in-binary-fluid-mixtures-induced-by-short-2qp7aiu9lw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-concentration-concentration-structure-factor-for-the-19xspjvo.png FIG. 4. Concentration-concentration structure factor for the systems 1–3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-isothermal-compressibility-as-a-function-of-k-for-gtj2owqf.png FIG. 5. Isothermal compressibility as a function of k for systems 1–3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-figures-show-the-structure-factors-for-a-b-and-c-2zgon6ue.png FIG. 3. The figures show the structure factors for A, B, and C particles, respectively. Column (a) corresponds to σBB = 8 Å for system 3 (theory vs. simulation) and column (b) presents the simulations results for systems 4–6 for σBB = 9 Å. Total density is indicated in the legend. Simulation results are represented by solid lines and dashed-dotted curves correspond to integral equation calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-lennard-jones-potential-parameters-376pbyqk.png TABLE I. Lennard-Jones potential parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effective-potentials-for-a-b-and-c-particles-lz9y6mb2.png FIG. 6. Effective potentials for A, B, and C particles, respectively. Column (a) corresponds to σBB = 8 Å for system 3 (theory vs. simulation) and column (b) presents the simulations results for systems 4–6 for σBB = 9 Å. Total density is indicated in the legend. Simulation results are represented by solid lines and dashed-dotted curves correspond to integral equation calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-b-b-effective-interaction-for-systems-1-3-fitted-to-a-1y7o3eye.png FIG. 7. B-B effective interaction for systems 1–3, fitted to a generalized LJ+Yukawa interaction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-charge-dependency-of-the-effective-potentials-for-a-2e8hhfar.png FIG. 11. Charge dependency of the effective potentials for A (top), B (middle) and C (bottom) particles. Charge magnitudes are specified in the legend. Values of rcl correspond to the inflexion points of the effective potentials in their first minimum, i.e., rcl(A–A)= 6 Å, rcl(B–B)= 11 Å, and rcl(C–C) = 10 Å. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-potential-parameters-and-thermodynamic-state-38ax6np4.png TABLE II. Potential parameters and thermodynamic state variables for the systems under study. https://scispace.com/papers/patterned-growth-and-cathodoluminescence-of-conical-boron-7mk0hodbup 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-images-of-the-as-grown-conical-nanorod-deposits-a-1n7at275.png FIG. 1. SEM images of the as-grown conical nanorod deposits: a lowmagnification image showing the patterned growth, the inset shows a welldefined boundary between the growth and nongrowth regions, and b highmagnification image displaying the typical morphology of the nanorods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-bright-field-tem-image-shows-the-nanorods-have-2rh89g3w.png FIG. 2. a Bright-field TEM image shows the nanorods have straight rodlike morphology and catalyst particles are indicated by the black arrows; the inset is the selective area electron diffraction pattern from an individual nanorod and two rows of 000l can be discerned. b The detail of one nanorod shows typical conical nature with voids arrowed existing in the center of the nanorods, and magnified in the inset to show BN lattice fringes. The speckled feature in the background marked with a series of “c”s is the lacey-carbon film supporting the sample for TEM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-panchromatic-cl-images-a-showing-the-square-pattern-1xo2inrd.png FIG. 4. Panchromatic CL images a showing the square pattern structure inclined 40° to the image edges b strong emission from the catalyst region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cathodoluminescence-spectra-taken-at-a-300-and-80-k-b-1gae8xug.png FIG. 3. Cathodoluminescence spectra taken at a 300 and 80 K; b different excitation powers: 100 and 200 nA. https://scispace.com/papers/patterned-interactions-in-complex-systems-implications-for-1zkchj6qyq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-design-structure-matrix-for-the-14-major-tasks-of-1iv4nbr5.png FIGURE 3: DESIGN STRUCTURE MATRIX FOR THE 14 MAJOR TASKS OF KODAK’S CHEETAH PROJECT (CARTRIDGE DEVELOPMENT) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-design-structure-matrix-of-an-automobile-brake-2oowcob8.png FIGURE 2: DESIGN STRUCTURE MATRIX OF AN AUTOMOBILE BRAKE SYSTEM DESIGN https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-value-of-broader-exploration-nxx2wkai.png TABLE 4: VALUE OF BROADER EXPLORATION https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-performance-advantage-of-decentralized-firm-1eu5dj1a.png TABLE 5: PERFORMANCE ADVANTAGE OF DECENTRALIZED FIRM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-different-types-of-influence-matrices-all-with-the-trcmcaax.png FIGURE 1: DIFFERENT TYPES OF INFLUENCE MATRICES, ALL WITH THE SAME NUMBER OF TOTAL INTERACTIONS (N = 12, K = 2, N*(K+1) = 36) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-local-peaks-for-small-world-influence-3l7fqvi8.png TABLE 2: NUMBER OF LOCAL PEAKS FOR SMALL-WORLD INFLUENCE MATRICES https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristics-of-landscapes-based-on-different-1zh5ae8u.png TABLE 3: CHARACTERISTICS OF LANDSCAPES BASED ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF INFLUENCE MATRICES https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-actual-design-structure-matrices-3d1ttxoa.png TABLE 1: CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTUAL DESIGN STRUCTURE MATRICES AND ACTIVITY SYSTEMS https://scispace.com/papers/patterned-polymer-brushes-3i50flhiuu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-a-formation-of-patterned-polymer-brushes-by-lb-1w3w9zmw.png Fig. 15 (A) Formation of patterned polymer brushes by LB lithography. (B) AFM images of a sample before (B) and after (C) SIP of styrene114 (reproduced with permission from ref. 114, copyright 2007, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-scheme-of-preparing-structured-ps-brushes-on-uncd-b-8x7uvsiv.png Fig. 2 (A) Scheme of preparing structured PS brushes on UNCD. (B) AFM image of the resulting PS brushes33 (reproduced with permission from ref. 33, copyright 2007, American Chemical Society). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-scheme-of-patterned-polymer-brushes-via-cfl-and-35ob8htv.png Fig. 13 (A) Scheme of patterned polymer brushes via CFL and solvent assisted grafting. (B) PS CFL on the PGMA surface (C) P2VP stripes obtained via solvent-assisted grafting106 (reproduced with permission from ref. 106, copyright 2008, Royal Society of Chemistry). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-preparation-of-poly-norbornene-brush-by-dpn-and-romp-2icqiqnk.png Fig. 8 (A) Preparation of poly(norbornene) brush by DPN and ROMP. (B) AFM image of polymer brush lines and dot arrays83 (reproduced with permission from ref. 83, copyright 2003, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-stepwise-fabrication-of-patterned-pnipaam-brushes-1hxh3i4y.png Fig. 4 (A) Stepwise fabrication of patterned PNIPAAM brushes created by EBL and SI-ATRP. (B–C) AFM scans of line patterns of gold, fabricated by EBL and subsequent PNIPAAM brush grown by SI-ATRP from immobilized thiol initiator on the Au18 (reproduced with permission from ref. 18, copyright 2004, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA). https://scispace.com/papers/pattern-selection-in-single-component-systems-coupling-2iwg00p7l3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-normalized-first-order-correction-term-of-the-rayleigh-3p2z7tyf.png Fig. 7 Normalized first order correction term of the Rayleigh number as a function of the Biot number~ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-photographs-of-corrugated-ice-surfaces-a-hexagonal-2n0x58iw.png Fig. 3 Photographs of corrugated "ice" surfaces a) hexagonal pattern, b) mixed hexagonal-line pattern) c) line pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-critical-wave-nurober-as-a-function-of-the-biot-number-1k6rc7na.png Fig. 6 Critical wave nurober as a function of the Biot number. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-second-order-correction-term-for-the-average-layer-2yhyp8y2.png Fig. 9 The second order correction term for the average layer height as a function of the Biot number. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-critical-rayleigh-number-as-a-function-of-the-biot-al2agkrq.png Fig. 5 Critical Rayleigh number as a function of the Biot number. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-drawing-of-partially-solidified-liquid-layer-2zf0inl6.png Fig. 1 Schematic drawing of partially solidified liquid layer. https://scispace.com/papers/patterns-and-predictors-of-return-to-work-after-major-trauma-4wrf088i4k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-return-to-work-patterns-r0mecjmf.png Table 1: Summary of return to work patterns https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-predictors-of-return-to-work-patterns-from-the-2t6fhap3.png Table 2: Predictors of Return to Work patterns from the multivariable multinomial logistic regression https://scispace.com/papers/patterning-of-ultrathin-ybco-nanowires-using-a-new-focused-39c74ia5b3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-resistive-curves-of-12-nm-thick-micron-scale-14eg1dv2.png Figure 3. Resistive curves of 12 nm thick micron-scale circuits patterned using a Focused Ion Beam with a beam current i=1 nA. N is the number of passes used to produce the structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-typical-x-ray-th-2th-spectrum-of-a-12-nm-thick-ybco-7m0ygora.png Figure 2. Typical X-ray θ-2θ-spectrum of a 12 nm thick YBCO film passivated with a 8 nm thick amorphous PBCO layer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-tc-and-resistance-for-different-kinds-of-ec4lqruu.png Table 2. Summary of Tc and resistance for different kinds of samples. Rnorm is the equivalent resistance computed with the structure normalized to a 1 µm wide, 15 µm long line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-patterning-protocol-a-photograph-of-3n4d86mj.png Figure 1. Overview of the patterning protocol. (a) Photograph of the preliminary structure created from a thin film by photolithography and chemical etching. (b) SEM micrograph of a 20 µm stripe engineered with a high-current Focused Ion Beam. (c) SEM micrograph of a 12 nm thick, 15 µm long, 500 nm wide stripe patterned with a lower current. (d) SEM micrograph of a 1 µm wide meandering circuit written with a lower current. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-same-data-as-in-figure-5a-represented-as-voltage-vs-wxbijn1z.png Figure 6. Same data as in figure 5a represented as voltage vs j/jc−1. Power law fits V = B(j− jc) n (continuous lines) correctly describe the curves and allow to determine jc. In inset is reported n as temperature drops from 65 K to 30 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-critical-current-density-vs-reduced-temperature-t-t-3cqs2a7j.png Figure 7. Critical current density vs reduced temperature t = T/Tc for the same meandering circuit. jc is obtained through the power law fits presented in figure 6. The solid line is the best fit with the theoretical Ginzburg-Landau model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-voltage-vs-current-density-at-various-22o7bcln.png Figure 5. (a) Voltage vs current density at various temperatures for a 2 µm wide meandering circuit. (b) Resistivity vs current density for the same sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-resistivity-vs-temperature-for-different-samples-gbewzibo.png Figure 4. Resistivity vs temperature for different samples, with additional curves at intermediary steps of the process. https://scispace.com/papers/patterns-in-use-and-costs-of-subsidising-5-aminosalicyclic-2vvv72y94l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dispensed-use-defined-daily-dose-ddd-per-1000-i99euau8.png Figure 1: Dispensed use (defined daily dose [DDD] per 1,000 population per day) (a) and cost to government (A$) (b) for the four individual 5-aminosalicylic acids for ulcerative colitis. https://scispace.com/papers/patterns-of-biological-invasions-in-french-freshwater-2ua0zd1k6t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-43-non-indigenous-species-that-could-be-itsafe9d.png Table 1. List of 43 non-indigenous species that could be found among French hydrosystems. The functional groups given are from Usseglio-Polatera et al., 2001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proportion-of-non-indigenous-fauna-among-french-2fldqo9z.png Table 2. Proportion of non-indigenous fauna among French macroinvertebrate fauna in freshwater systems. The total number of macroinvertebrate species in French freshwaters are unpublished results. Nematomorpha and parasites were excluded. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-trend-in-cumulative-number-of-species-established-1ty4rgli.png Figure 1: Trend in cumulative number of species established in French aquatic ecosystems. Three functions were tested, and the exponential one gave the best fit with our date. Only 42 species were considered in this analysis, as the date of arrival of Asellus aquaticus is not precisely known. Linear and power function relationships were also tested, but exhibit a lower correlation with the observed trend (R²=0.77 and R²=0.89 respectively). https://scispace.com/papers/patterns-of-criminal-achievement-in-sexual-offending-4gl9c6yzz2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-information-on-productivity-and-cost-3lka55h8.png Table 2. Descriptive information on productivity and cost avoidance (n=369) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-productivity-cost-avoidance-victim-type-and-risk-1neuzr1g.png Table 3. Productivity, cost avoidance, victim-type and risk status (n=369) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-covariates-of-offending-productivity-l-of-sex-7wwkqlv1.png Table 4. Covariates of offending productivity [λ of sex offending] using negative binomial regression (with a log link) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-covariates-of-cost-avoidance-in-sexual-offending-mwe00zmu.png Table 5. Covariates of cost avoidance in sexual offending https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measures-coding-and-descriptive-statistics-efficient-nwhwpq7d.png Table 1. Measures, coding and descriptive statistics efficient https://scispace.com/papers/patterns-of-geographic-variation-in-florida-snakes-by-steven-3on23ykyeb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-factor-10-variable-followed-by-an-asterisk-has-317pdnzu.png Table 11. Factor 10. Variable followed by an asterisk (*) has factor 10 as its principal pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-coastal-pattern-factor-5-variables-followed-by-an-28jr78ih.png Table 6. Coastal pattern (Factor 5). Variables followed by an asterisk (*) have factor 5 as their https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-factor-7-variables-followed-by-an-asterisk-have-1bhwpui1.png Table 8. Factor 7. Variables followed by an asterisk (*) have factor 7 as their principal pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variables-used-in-the-factor-analysis-their-communal-1tzm6a98.png Table 1. Variables used in the factor analysis, their communal i ties, and the principal pattern to which each belongs. Note that most of the variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-okeechobee-pattern-factor-6-variables-followed-by-an-ql05dfc7.png Table 7. Okeechobee pattern (Factor 6). Variables followed by an asterisk (*) have factor 6 as their principal pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-everglades-pattern-factor-2-variables-followed-by-an-280x4p2k.png Table 3. Everglades pattern (Factor 2). Variables followed by an asterisk have factor 2 as https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-factor-9-variables-followed-by-an-asterisk-have-11a97as4.png Table 10. Factor 9. Variables followed by an asterisk (*) have factor 9 as their principal pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-factor-8-variables-followed-by-an-asterisk-have-1xiuu5bb.png Table 9. Factor 8. Variables followed by an asterisk (*) have factor 8 as their principal pattern. https://scispace.com/papers/patterns-of-free-calcium-in-zebrafish-embryos-5e4irtaexj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ca2-spikes-appear-from-11-hours-onwards-these-spikes-a-3d2pgioc.png Fig. 5.Ca2+ spikes appear from 11 hours onwards. These spikes a very rarely seen in the future head (A) but appear at a frequency o about 8 times per hour in the future hindbrain (B), trunk (C; top view) and tail (D) from 11 to 22 hours. Ca2+ pulses are not observed in the heart region at 26 hours (E) but are seen at 28 hours (F). Th huge (!) spikes appear every 10 to 20 minutes for several hours. Numbers next to upward arrows in the graphs indicate luminescen doubling times. Images are 30,000 photon exposures, Bar, 200 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-embryonic-defects-after-injection-of-the-ca2-buffer-3gb8bu7i.png Fig. 6. Embryonic defects after injection of the Ca2+ buffer BAPTA. The pictures show 4-day-old embryos as observed with transmitted light microscopy. (A) Control embryo: the size of the eye (e) and otic vesicle (ov) were measured along the antero-posterior axis. (B) BAPTA-injected embryos have reduced eyes (arrowheads). The size of the otic vesicle is not affected by BAPTA injection. (C) Control embryo ventral view, showing the heart (h). (D) The BAPTA injected embryos have small hearts. (E) Control embryo at lower magnification. (F,G) The majority of the BAPTA-injected embryos have a pouch around the heart (arrowhead). (H) Approximately 5% of the BAPTA-injected embryos has a more severe phenotype, with a shortened antero-posterior axis and a deformed heart, which is outlined on the picture (arrowhead). This heart contracts but is incapable of pumping blood. Bars, 100 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-calibration-of-aequorin-luminescence-with-known-1i0un324.png Fig. 1.Calibration of aequorin luminescence with known concentrations of free Ca2+. The Ca2+ concentration (Ca) can be calculated from the luminescence (L) using the equations or the curves in the graph. The equations are represented by dotted line and are only valid for the range in which they overlap with the calibration curve. The exponential portions of both curves show luminescence rising with the 2.1 power of free Ca2+. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ca2-patterns-in-the-blastula-gastrula-and-segmentation-1a8a2cpc.png Fig. 4.Ca2+ patterns in the blastula, gastrula and segmentation periods. (A-C) The overall Ca2+ pattern is uniform within the cellular region of the blastula and early gastrula. (D-F) At 75% epiboly (8 hours), luminescence is high in the blastoderm margin, with peak levels in the dorsal blastoderm margin. Dorsal luminescence becomes stronger and spreads anteriorly in the period from 8 to 10 hours. In the bud stage, a high Ca2+ region (arrowhead) appears at about the location of the forming first somite. From the 3 somite through the 14 somite stage (G-K), his high Ca2+ region accompanies the tailward formation of additional somites together with the tailward elongation of the neural keel. During and beyond this same period, a remarkable low Ca2+ region appears and remains in the future hindbrain region. Note the sharp Ca2+ boundary at about the midbrain/hindbrain border arrowed at the 6-somite stage in H and N. (The top view shown in N also shows that the high Ca2+ in the front is not coming from the eye primordia.) Also note the small high Ca2+ region arrowed in J which probably represents formation of the otic placode. The high Ca2+ regions at the 18-22 somite stages (L-M) probably arise from early muscle movements. Images are 30,000 photon exposures. Bars, 200 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-representative-ca2-patterns-during-early-cell-division-29x5iowb.png Fig. 3.Representative Ca2+ patterns during early cell division obtained by using the ultra-sensitive h-aequorin. (A-E) Side views in the median focal plane. (F-J) Top views with focal plane 30% down from the animal pole. High Ca2+ is seen at the sites of cytokinesis. The images (A-J) are 30,000 photon exposures (~ 1 minute), in which the level of luminescence was color-coded, red representing high Ca2+, blue representing low Ca2+. (K) Graph showing Ca2+ levels during the early cleavage cycles. Cleavage signals can be observed up until the 10th cleavage cycle. From 3.5-4.5 hours of development, small spikes are seen which clearly exceed the noise levels shown between cycles 8 and 9. (L) Three peaks were observed during first cleavage initiation. The arrow indicates the time of furrow deepening. (M-Q) Subsequent 50 second exposures show that the Ca2+ elevation during furrow deepening spreads as a slow wave (0.5 µm/second) along the cleavage furrow. Bars, 200 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representative-time-course-of-luminescence-from-an-r-2i8cjius.png Fig. 2.Representative time course of luminescence from an R-aequorin injected zebrafish embryo during the first 22 hours of development. The inferred average Ca2+ level cycles during the first five cycles (0.75-2 hours) and is elevated during midgastrulation (6-8 hours) and early segmentation (11-16 hours). Note the greatly increased frequency of Ca2+ spikes after 10 hours. The emitted light was measured with a photomultiplier tube. https://scispace.com/papers/patterns-of-alcohol-consumption-and-acute-myocardial-1v24l15gez 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-risk-profile-at-admission-n-250-12l5ttuk.png Table 2. Risk profile at admission (n = 250) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-study-group-n-250-xk59hps0.png Table 1. Characteristics of the study group (n = 250) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-alcohol-consumption-3nbxgqtw.png Table 3. Alcohol consumption https://scispace.com/papers/patterns-of-intergenerational-support-in-grandparent-oh0u4pfhxq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-samples-of-the-german-ageing-survey-1996-and-2lf9cbs9.png Figure 1. The samples of the German Ageing Survey 1996 and 2002. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-intergenerational-support-patterns-in-germany-1996-3ixfqg4x.png Figure 2. Intergenerational support patterns in Germany, 1996 and 2002. https://scispace.com/papers/patterns-of-regional-inequality-in-transition-economies-z8w0668vg2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-population-at-the-regional-level-in-poland-hungary-3hi80yay.png Table 1: Population at the regional level in Poland, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-cars-per-100-inhabitants-at-the-regional-level-in-35lhf86f.png Table 10: Cars per 100 inhabitants at the regional level in Poland and Hungary https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-gross-regional-product-per-capita-at-the-regional-bvcivluq.png Table 6: Gross Regional Product per capita at the regional level in Poland, Hungary and Romania https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-annual-population-change-at-the-regional-2nrh8yeb.png Table 2: Average annual population change at the regional level in Poland, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-foreign-direct-investments-fdi-per-1000-inhabitants-1hsp34md.png Table 9: Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) per 1000 inhabitants at the regional level in Poland and Romania https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-wage-at-the-regional-level-in-poland-hungary-1zc965c6.png Table 5: Average wage at the regional level in Poland, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-tv-sets-per-100-inhabitants-at-the-regional-level-msj4t5do.png Table 11: TV sets per 100 inhabitants at the regional level in Poland, Romania and Bulgaria https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-population-share-at-the-regional-level-in-poland-2ug57qqx.png Table 3: Population share at the regional level in Poland, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria https://scispace.com/papers/patterns-of-glacier-ablation-across-north-central-chile-4dd583qzr8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-characteristics-of-glaciers-awss-and-w8g720ev.png Table 1. Main Characteristics of Glaciers, AWSs, and Instruments Used in This Studya https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-monthly-mean-color-bars-and-standard-deviation-15jhvp7b.png Figure 2. Monthly mean (color bars) and standard deviation derived from daily mean values (black vertical lines) of (a) air temperature, (b) relative humidity, (c) wind speed, (d) incoming shortwave radiation (Sin), and (e) incoming longwave radiation (Lin) at each glacier for the period November–February. Monthly mean values were calculated as the average over different years depending on data availability (see Table 1). Wind speed data from Guanaco Glacier were transferred to a 2 m height using the logarithmic profile used in the EB model. See site codes in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameters-and-validation-metrics-of-the-eti-modela-1gpug8mu.png Table 4. Parameters and Validation Metrics of the ETI Modela https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-rates-of-melt-surface-sublimation-and-15cf4kqz.png Table 3. Average Rates of Melt, Surface Sublimation, and Evaporation at Each Site During the Period December–January of Each Ablation Seasona https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-hypothesized-elevation-profiles-of-the-dominant-3xzipax5.png Figure 11. Hypothesized elevation profiles of the dominant components of surface ablation on debris-free glaciers of the semiarid Andes of North-Central Chile during the (a) early and (b) late ablation season. Melt, sublimation and refreezing are shown as a percentage of total ablation (left axis) and total ablation is shown in absolute (but hypothetical) values (right axis). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-initial-conditions-and-validation-metrics-of-the-eb-3beij4g6.png Table 2. Initial Conditions and Validation Metrics of the EB Model Calculated From the Observed and Simulated Surface Temperaturea https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-most-relevant-mass-balance-components-during-a-30xrrnfu.png Figure 5. Most relevant mass balance components during (a) November, (b) December, and (c) January. Left axis shows the percentage that each component represents of total ablation (considered as the sum of melt, surface sublimation and evaporation). Right axis shows the daily average of total ablation. Precipitation, condensation, deposition, and blowing snow sublimation are not shown due to their low values. At sites with data available for more than one season, we show the maximum and minimum monthly mean value as upper and lower lines above and below the average value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-average-diurnal-cycles-of-energy-fluxes-left-axis-2yhoqtpr.png Figure 8. Average diurnal cycles of energy fluxes (left axis) and melt rates (right axis) during January 2014 at SF3466, BE4134, YE4428, and TA4775 and during January 2009 at JN3305 and GU5324. Melt rates are calculated using the EB model (M EB), the seasonally calibrated ETI (M ETI season) and the monthly calibrated ETI (M ETI month). At each site, we show NS, RMSE, and MBD values for January of the seasonally (left value) and monthly calibrated (right value) ETI model. https://scispace.com/papers/patterns-of-individual-differences-in-the-perception-of-5a27fs472k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-basic-design-of-missing-fundamental-mf-task-stimuli-1pj03ao0.png Figure 1. Basic design of missing fundamental (MF) task stimuli. Tone A (on the left) consists of three partials that could be the 3rd, 4th, and 5th harmonic of a fundamental frequency (the “first harmonic”) that is not physically present in the signal. Tone B (on the right) also consists of three partials, which could be the 4th, 5th, and 6th harmonics of a fundamental frequency (also not physically present). Crucially, the MF in Tone B is lower than that in Tone A, and the lowest frequency actually present in Tone B is higher than the lowest frequency actually present in Tone A. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-interaction-between-order-of-presentation-and-3r6o1a1a.png Figure 4. Interaction between order of presentation and frequency level, as shown by pooled data from the Experiment 4 set. Data from the other experiments (which have different specific frequency levels) are qualitatively very similar. It can be clearly seen that BA stimuli show a tendency to elicit more F0 responses at higher frequency levels, whereas AB stimuli do not. This interaction is highly significant (ANOVA, F(5, 2148) 3.3 1029, p .001). https://scispace.com/papers/patterns-of-rural-development-a-cross-country-comparison-53ht6ez64s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-elasticities-144zgtm9.png Table 4. Elasticities https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-participation-and-shares-of-income-earned-2cyzt7wq.png Table 3. Participation and shares of income earned https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-riga-data-2d3n9lll.png Table 2. RIGA data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-participation-rates-in-rural-income-generating-3kep9yi0.png Figure 3. Participation rates in rural income generating activities by level of development (probit results) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-patterns-of-rural-development-censored-analysis-of-3tr0g0r8.png Figure 2. Patterns of rural development (censored analysis of megadata) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-probits-11y0y4ss.png Table 5. Probits https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-household-development-patterns-3lj685yg.png Table 1. Household Development Patterns https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-patterns-of-rural-development-participation-probit-buh886by.png Figure 4. Patterns of rural development--participation (probit on megadata) https://scispace.com/papers/pauvrete-et-mortalite-differentielle-chez-les-personnes-10ooqlem6z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-esperance-de-vie-a-55-59-ans-par-classe-de-revenu-1qd23e6m.png Figure 2 : Espérance de vie à 55-59 ans par classe de revenu - femmes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-esperance-de-vie-a-55-59-ans-par-classe-de-revenu-yyi9nv3c.png Figure 1 : Espérance de vie à 55-59 ans par classe de revenu - hommes https://scispace.com/papers/pay-productivity-and-aging-in-major-league-baseball-193oufpfiq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-major-league-baseball-mlb-salaries-1985-2005-2i6wvtux.png Table 4: Average Major League Baseball (MLB) salaries, 1985-2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-indexed-ops-iops-by-experience-and-ability-3qt8se0k.png Table 3: Estimated indexed OPS (iOPS), by experience and ability quintile, 1985-2005. Panel A: Regression diagnostics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimated-indexed-ops-iops-by-experience-and-talent-2rjru496.png Figure 3: Estimated indexed OPS (iOPS), by experience and talent quintile, 1985-2005. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimated-indexed-ops-iops-by-age-and-ability-1b8yoxu9.png Figure 2: Estimated indexed OPS (iOPS) by age and ability quintile https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimated-adjusted-mlb-salaries-isal-by-experience-uf27h0f2.png Figure 4: Estimated adjusted MLB salaries (iSal), by experience and talent quintile, 1985-2005. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-indexed-ops-iops-by-age-and-ability-2pbjobwm.png Table 2: Estimated indexed OPS (iOPS), by age and ability quintile, 1985-2005. Panel A: Regression diagnostics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-ratios-of-adjusted-mlb-salary-over-indexed-iy7munmq.png Figure 5: Average ratios of adjusted (MLB) salary over indexed OPS, by experience and ability quintile, 1985-2005. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-theoretical-illustration-of-observational-bias-1emjh8eq.png Figure 1: Theoretical illustration of observational bias. https://scispace.com/papers/paving-the-way-for-children-family-firm-succession-and-515k3nuhpk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-selection-3i1htb2y.png Table 1 Sample Selection https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-effect-of-government-power-m99wsqpm.png Table 6 Effect of Government Power https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-univariate-analysis-1pguj7re.png Table 3 Univariate Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-effect-of-founders-age-20dx7o3h.png Table 7 Effect of Founder’s Age https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effect-of-political-connections-a6755dbr.png Table 5 Effect of Political Connections https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-instrument-variable-estimation-1b5t096u.png Table 9 Instrument Variable Estimation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-series-of-donations-in-succession-firms-2dllz0fv.png Figure 1 Time Series of Donations in Succession Firms https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-internal-successions-and-corporate-donations-2to62puk.png Table 4 Internal Successions and Corporate Donations https://scispace.com/papers/paying-for-children-the-state-s-changing-role-and-income-32r0nrd6od 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-additional-cost-of-each-child-per-week-all-1dz4570t.png TABLE 1. Average additional cost of each child per week, all ages, UK 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-additional-cost-of-child-per-week-by-age-7qvh2o0q.png TABLE 2. Average additional cost of child per week, by age range, UK 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-income-requirements-and-benefits-per-week-uk-2012-28g6f81e.png TABLE 4. Income requirements and benefits, per week, UK 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-benefit-rates-for-children-per-week-couple-with-two-1ujgfe36.png TABLE 3. Benefit rates for children, per week∗ – couple with two children, UK, 1992 and 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-state-contribution-to-making-ends-meet-lone-15p6qxx8.png TABLE 5. The state contribution to making ends meet: lone parent with child aged 1, working full time (2012) https://scispace.com/papers/paying-for-free-delivery-dependent-self-employment-as-a-22bninkot2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-interviews-1j5g97kg.png Table 1. Interviews. https://scispace.com/papers/pavement-thickness-evaluation-by-gpr-survey-in-idaho-193rpvnpee 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ito-roadway-test-sections-for-network-and-project-3njvdrcr.png Table 1: ITO Roadway Test Sections for Network and Project Level GPR Surveys https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ito-core-data-ground-truth-versus-air-coupled-a-c-10zhcpq8.png Figure 7: ITO Core Data (Ground Truth) versus Air-coupled (A-C) Data for Base Course Thickness (Project Survey, All Sites) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-alr-coupled-a-c-data-versus-air-ground-coupled-a-g-3rze40qf.png Figure 9: Alr-coupled (A-C) Data versus Air-ground-coupled (A-G-C) Data for Base Course Thickness (Project Survey, All Sites) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pearson-s-correlation-coefficient-r-and-coefficient-ue7svi1g.png Table 2: Pearson's Correlation Coefficient (r) and Coefficient of Determination (r2) for GPR and lTD's Groud-Truth Data Type of Suvey (A-C) OPR versus ITO Data (A-O-C) OPR versus ITO Data (A-C) GPR versus (A-G-C) GI'R Data Data used in Pavement Type Sample r r Intcrprc- SBl1)ple r r Intcrpre- Sample r r Interprc- Figure Thickness Sizc talion· Sizc tation· Size !ation· Numbcrs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ito-core-data-ground-truth-versus-alr-ground-2tabcyok.png Figure 8: ITO Core Data (Ground Truth) versus Alr-ground-coupled (A-G-C) Data for Base Course Thickness (Project Survey, All Sites) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ito-core-data-ground-truth-versus-alr-ground-3bqnk00s.png Figure 5: ITO Core Data (Ground Truth) versus Alr-ground-coupled (A-G-C) Data for Surface Course Thickness (Network Survey, All Sites) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-alr-coupled-a-c-data-versus-alr-ground-coupled-a-g-1qpgva0h.png Figure 6: Alr-coupled (A-C) Data versus Alr-ground-coupled (A-G-C) Data for Surface Course Thickness (Network Survey, All Sites) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ito-core-data-ground-truth-versus-air-coupled-a-c-19pz0u9m.png Figure 1: ITO Core Data (Ground Truth) versus Air-coupled (A-C) Data for Surface Course Thickness (Project Survey, All Sites) https://scispace.com/papers/paying-medicare-advantage-plans-to-level-or-tilt-the-playing-13g91r8kcd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-shows-the-profit-maximizing-enrollment-with-bidding-3tsmwsgx.png Figure 6 shows the “profit-maximizing enrollment with bidding” as qπ−b in this case. When MR = MC in the range qMA > q 0, s < 1 and the following MR = MC condition applies: https://scispace.com/papers/paying-positive-to-go-negative-advertisers-competition-and-3u5zerrrok 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-equilibrium-fraction-of-informed-consumers-1cld2ouj.png Figure 1. Equilibrium Fraction of Informed Consumers https://scispace.com/papers/payment-forms-and-functions-of-value-transfer-in-13g5zc6dv3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interchange-courtesy-of-brian-ulaszewski-v6nwp7oo.png Figure 1: Interchange. Courtesy of Brian Ulaszewski. https://scispace.com/papers/paying-the-price-to-solve-fisheries-conflicts-in-brazil-s-2sjxshft7k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-survey-respondents-characteristics-the-park-fee-24cub00c.png Table 2: Survey respondents’ characteristics. The Park Fee interview was administered to tourists on beaches, whereas the Island Fee interview was administered to tourists at the airport, when leaving the island (conversion rate in 2016: USD PPP 1 = BRL 1.995). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-logit-model-results-for-respondent-decision-to-pay-3qxwcvqi.png Table 4. Logit model results for respondent decision to pay. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-marine-protected-area-of-fernando-de-noronha-an-weklx03m.png Figure 1. The Marine Protected Area of Fernando de Noronha, an oceanic archipelago off the northern coastline of Brazil. The MPA is divided into two areas, according to the Brazilian conservation code: an Environmental Protected Area (from Portuguese Área de Proteção Ambiental - APA) where some uses are allowed and residency is permitted, and a no-take area (Parque Nacional Marinho - PARNAMAR) where consumptive use is not allowed (e.g.: fisheries) and visitation is controlled. The numbered lines represent different depth contours. The thick black line represent the limits of the no-take zone, whereas the sustainable use zone includes part of the land and the area not limited by the black line. Note that the notake zone follows the 50 m deep contour line. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-simple-referendum-results-for-the-willingness-to-pay-1xb3jnv8.png Table 3: Simple referendum results for the Willingness to Pay for an extra amount on the daily island fee or on the total park fee (conversion rate in 2016: USD PPP 1 = BRL 1.995). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-real-prices-brl-paid-by-tourists-and-options-offered-2mr0klo9.png Table 1. Real prices (BRL) paid by tourists and options offered to compensate fishers for their economic losses when they cannot catch sardine outside the no-take zone (conversion rate in 2016: USD PPP 1 = BRL 1.995). A tourist would be presented either Option 1 or 2. The number inside parentheses corresponds to the number of interviews done for each option. https://scispace.com/papers/payoff-uncertainty-bargaining-power-and-the-strategic-3v4duvbk29 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sellers-equilibrium-prices-p-i-si-p-j-sj-si-1pquebrp.png Figure 2: Sellers’ equilibrium prices (p∗i (si), p ∗ j (sj |si)) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-timing-and-information-structure-1kxex05d.png Figure 1: Timing and Information Structure https://scispace.com/papers/payoff-kinks-in-preferences-over-lotteries-lpmps1ud2j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-6a-and-6b-2ug7zyxl.png Figures 6a and 6b https://scispace.com/figures/figures-1a-and-1b-twiyu0oe.png Figures 1a and 1b https://scispace.com/figures/figures-8a-and-8b-1cu2ro8j.png Figures 8a and 8b https://scispace.com/figures/figures-3a-and-3b-1tn5i38y.png Figures 3a and 3b https://scispace.com/figures/figures-5a-and-5b-27s91jcd.png Figures 5a and 5b https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-local-utility-function-of-vrd-at-lottery-p-x1-p1-x2-1rphahkp.png Figure 4 Local Utility Function of VRD(%) at Lottery P = (x1,p1;x2,p2;x3,p3) https://scispace.com/figures/figures-2a-and-2b-3bt6p5fu.png Figures 2a and 2b https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-solid-indifference-curves-of-the-induced-preference-wtiibfnx.png Figure 9 (Solid) Indifference Curves of the Induced Preference Function W(P) # max{V(P;2"), V(P;2!)} https://scispace.com/papers/pbh-in-single-field-inflation-the-effect-of-shape-dispersion-50v7c6oz98 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ratio-of-pbhs-coming-from-the-collapse-of-large-2uklkl3l.png Figure 5. Ratio of PBHs coming from the collapse of large overdensities to those created from inflating regions trapped in the false minimum of the potential. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-evolution-of-the-compaction-function-c-r-t-for-33rvkn49.png Figure 2. Time evolution of the compaction function C(r, t) for the Gaussian profile (2.9), with amplitude µ = 0.64, slightly larger than the threshold value µth ≈ 0.61. For reference, the threshold value Cth is indicated as a dashed line. The radial coordinate is in units of the initial time ti, which we take to be much smaller than the time tH at which rm crosses the horizon, tH = 100 ti. The size of the grid is actually somewhat larger than displayed, with rmax = 200 ti, much larger than the initial Hubble radius H−1i = 2ti. After the time tH the secondary peaks in the compaction function dissipate due to pressure gradients. The dominant peak, on the other hand, continues to grow. By the time t = 16tH , the compaction function has reached values significantly larger than 1/2, indicating that a trapped region has already formed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-with-z-6-0-including-the-dispersion-term-of-nwf65e5u.png Figure 4. Results with ∆ζ 6= 0 including the dispersion term of (2.6). Here, we use the numerical value ν = µ/σ0 = 5. left) Variation of the threshold for the amplitude µth with respect to the nonGaussian parameter fNL, for both the perturbative template ζA (orange) and the non perturbative template ζB (blue). The shaded region indicates the dispersion in the numerical results from the dispersion of shapes. right) Variation of the threshold for the maximum of the compaction function Cth with respect to the non-Gaussian parameter fNL. While for the perturbative template, the threshold for the compaction function is constant for large fNL, for the non perturbative template the threshold keeps evolving with increasing fNL. In both cases the dispersion in Cth is very small and comparable to the numerical errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-with-z-0-the-orange-and-blue-points-2yyywwbm.png Figure 3. Results with ∆ζ = 0. The orange and blue points represents the values got using the perturbative ζA and the non perturbative template ζB with the corresponding error bars. The red points are those computed using the universal law of (3.24). The inner plot represents the deviation d =| µNth − µAth | /µNth between the numerical µNth and the analytical values µAth (the same is applied for Cth). We also show in dashed line the critical amplitude ζ∗ ≡ µ∗, such that a perturbation jumps into the false local minimum of the potential. For values of fNL ∼ 3 − 4, the thresholds for collapse approaches this limit. left) Variation of the threshold for the amplitude µth with respect to the non-Gaussian parameter fNL. right) Variation of the threshold for the maximum of the compaction function Cth with respect to the non-Gaussian parameter fNL. https://scispace.com/papers/pcr-based-detection-of-non-indigenous-microorganisms-in-o3oprelivs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-selection-of-taxa-specific-primers-for-the-2n6spt6x.png Table 1 A selection of taxa-specific primers for the identification of microbial flora associated with the healthy human body https://scispace.com/papers/pce-what-is-it-how-does-it-work-and-what-are-its-limitations-4r8tn94yjj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-multi-domain-path-computation-2p9nl3io.png Fig. 6: Multi-domain path computation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-example-of-impact-of-outdated-ted-on-pce-based-path-1151l58l.png Fig. 13: Example of impact of outdated TED on PCE-based path computation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-different-models-for-the-integration-of-a-pce-and-an-3m45byna.png Fig. 20: Different models for the integration of a PCE and an OpenFlow controller https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-pce-based-multi-layer-path-computation-in-an-overlay-3ck65xdl.png Fig. 11: PCE-based multi-layer path computation in an overlay model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-example-of-pce-based-multi-layer-path-computation-16m6nywf.png Fig. 12: Example of PCE-based multi-layer path computation with layered provisioning https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-example-of-sdn-openflow-controlled-optical-network-2exwtjc3.png Fig. 19: Example of SDN/OpenFlow-controlled optical network https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pce-based-path-computation-models-al6scbip.png Fig. 3: PCE-based path computation models https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-network-domain-aggregation-mechanisms-in-h-pce-mw5rvlbz.png Fig. 8: Network domain aggregation mechanisms in H-PCE https://scispace.com/papers/pcr-correction-strategies-for-malaria-drug-trials-updates-4178eizcc4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-analysis-of-simulated-trial-data-for-dha-ppq-with-a-fricyvfy.png Figure 1: Analysis of simulated trial data for DHA-PPQ with a follow-up period of 42 days. Estimated failure rates, calculated using survival analysis, are shown , for no PCR correction the WHO/MMV method of consecutively genotyping the 3 markers msp1, msp2, glurp, and the “2/3 marker” method. These estimates were obtained under a range of transmission intensities (the X axis) and can be compared to the true failure rate in the simulation i.e. 0.12. The most promising data analysis algorithm seemed to be the “2/3 marker” method. Data from Jones and Hastings (personal communication) using published simulation models 16 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-analysis-of-simulated-trial-data-for-dha-ppq-with-a-ce78hiof.png Figure 1: Analysis of simulated trial data for DHA-PPQ with a follow-up period of 42 days. Estimated failure rates, calculated using survival analysis, are shown , for no PCR correction the WHO/MMV method of consecutively genotyping the 3 markers msp1, msp2, glurp, and the “2/3 marker” method. These estimates were obtained under a range of transmission intensities (the X axis) and can be compared to the true failure rate in the simulation i.e. 0.12. The most promising data analysis algorithm seemed to be the “2/3 marker” method. Data from Jones and Hastings (personal communication) using published simulation models 16 . https://scispace.com/papers/pe-miner-mining-structural-information-to-detect-malicious-38iynfifmx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-aucs-for-detecting-the-malicious-executables-the-1fb79g5u.png Table 4. AUCs for detecting the malicious executables. The bold entries in each column represent the best results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-list-of-the-anomalies-observed-in-parsing-malicious-qequppro.png Table 9. List of the anomalies observed in parsing malicious PE files https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-statistics-of-anomalies-observed-in-parsing-malicious-2r8zqijk.png Fig. 4. Statistics of anomalies observed in parsing malicious PE files https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-portion-of-the-developed-decision-trees-for-6fp3y7wf.png Table 8. Portion of the developed decision trees for distinguishing between benign and backdoor+sniffer https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-false-negative-rate-for-detecting-malicious-q6jmrgoe.png Table 11. False negative rate for detecting malicious executables with PE-Miner on the “crafty” datasets https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-execution-analysis-of-crafted-malware-files-1y9grry4.png Fig. 5. Execution analysis of crafted malware files https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-processing-overheads-in-seconds-file-of-1axocntm.png Table 6. The processing overheads (in seconds/file) of different features and classification algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-realtime-deployable-analysis-of-the-best-techniques-3m0yxzlv.png Table 7. Realtime deployable analysis of the best techniques https://scispace.com/papers/pdriver-a-novel-method-for-unravelling-personalised-coding-6bp6krkkq6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-predicted-mirna-drivers-in-brca-at-the-population-4zpmv0tp.png Table 1. Predicted miRNA drivers in BRCA at the population level https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-percentage-of-the-predicted-mirna-drivers-in-utf6eldt.png Fig. 4. The percentage of the predicted miRNA drivers in OncomiR for BRCA, LUAD, LUSC, KIRC, and HNSC. The discovered miRNA cancer drivers at the population level are validated against OncomiR. Each bar indicates the percentage of miRNA drivers in OncomiR (dark blue) and not in OncomiR (light blue). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-overlap-among-different-methods-the-charts-show-the-19cuprsl.png Fig. 3. Overlap among different methods. The charts show the overlap between the cancer drivers discovered by the six methods (pDriver, PNC, ActiveDriver, DawnRank, MutSigCV, and DriverML) w.r.t each of the five cancer types (BRCA, LUAD, LUSC, KIRC, and HNSC). In each of the cases, the horizontal bars at the bottom left indicate the numbers of discovered cancer drivers which have been validated using the CGC, the vertical bars and the dotted lines together indicate the overlaps of validated cancer driver genes discovered by the methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-enriched-go-biological-processes-and-kegg-pathways-ou6d80p3.png Table 2. Enriched GO biological processes and KEGG pathways related to breast cancer of the predicted rare coding drivers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-illustration-of-pdriver-1-building-the-gene-network-n681orct.png Fig. 1. An illustration of pDriver. (1) Building the gene network for each cancer patient based on gene expression data and refine these patient-specific networks using existing gene interaction databases (including protein protein interactions, miRNA-TF/mRNA interactions, and TF-miRNA interactions) to remove unreal interactions and using Pearson correlation coefficients between genes to keep only edges which have a strong correlation in each patient, and (2) Identifying coding and miRNA cancer drivers for each patient by evaluating the role of genes in the personalised network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-distribution-of-the-rare-coding-drivers-in-cgc-igx5peim.png Fig. 5. The distribution of the rare coding drivers in CGC across breast cancer subtypes (Basal, Her2, LumA, and LumB). The x-axis indicates mutation frequency cutoffs from 0.2% to 0.5% and these cutoffs are not cumulative. The y-axis shows the proportion of patients driven by the rare drivers within that cutoff in the corresponding cancer subtype. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-the-effectiveness-of-pagerank-influence-3umxnzes.png Fig. 6. Comparison of the effectiveness of PageRank, Influence Maximisation, and Network Control method in identifying influential genes in the gene networks. The discovered coding cancer drivers at the population level using the three methods are validated against CGC. Each bar indicates the F1Score of driver gene prediction with each method according to the top 100, 200, 300, and 400 discovered driver genes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-f1-score-of-the-results-by-activedriver-ghkyb0rm.png Fig. 2. Comparison of F1 Score of the results by ActiveDriver, DawnRank, DriverML, DriverNet, MutSigCV, OncodriveFM, pDriver, PNC, and SCS. The x-axis shows the 9 methods and the y-axis is for F1Score. The results are computed based on 5 TCGA cancer datasets BRCA, LUAD, LUSC, KIRC, and HNSC. https://scispace.com/papers/peace-and-war-in-territorial-disputes-3pd2squm23 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-fortified-border-or-war-33uq2zoo.png Figure 6: A Fortified Border or War https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-peaceful-but-fortified-border-b49fbpi2.png Figure 1: A Peaceful but Fortified Border? https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-unfortified-border-with-costly-divisibility-1mq375lo.png Figure 3: An Unfortified Border with Costly Divisibility? https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-unfortified-border-a-fortified-border-or-war-v2ui49ck.png Figure 2: An Unfortified Border, a Fortified Border, or War? https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-fortified-border-or-war-with-costly-divisibility-1mhc5e3k.png Figure 4: A Fortified Border or War with Costly Divisibility? https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-an-unfortified-border-with-28kb3edr.png Figure 7: An Unfortified Border with https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-an-unfortified-border-a-fortified-border-or-qjse85jz.png Figure 5: An Unfortified Border, a Fortified Border, or Recurring War? https://scispace.com/papers/pe-mocvd-of-thin-high-transparent-dielectric-amorphous-films-4zpc76r8jb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-auger-depth-profiles-of-component-distribution-in-ldoocs2y.png Figure 5: Auger depth profiles of component distribution in heterostructure of A1203/Si film (h is film thickness). https://scispace.com/papers/peace-politics-and-religion-482bcxa2ch 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-affected-countries-of-the-lake-chad-region-16w17ph2.png Figure 1. The affected countries of the Lake Chad region. Source: Smith 2016. “The Lake Chad crisis explained”. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-type-of-interreligious-dialogue-promoted-by-1w4bnkz9.png Table 1. Type of interreligious dialogue promoted by organizations in King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz International Centre for Interreligious and Intercultural Dialogue (KAICIID) Peace Map 1. https://scispace.com/papers/peace-settlements-and-human-rights-a-post-cold-war-circular-grrc59l4er 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mediation-focused-versus-human-rights-focused-3vrd3xgd.png Table 1. Mediation-focused versus human rights-focused approaches https://scispace.com/papers/peak-price-hours-in-the-nordic-power-market-winter-2009-2010-4u4ptk2n3c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-interconnections-and-data-for-extreme-price-nodes-2rolr89m.png Figure 4-4. Interconnections and data for extreme price nodes in NO2, nodal solution, 08-01- 2010, hour 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-1-line-capacity-utilization-versus-no1-se-capacity-33we6sqh.png Figure 7-1. Line capacity utilization versus NO1-SE capacity, 08-01-2010, hour 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2-cut-capacity-utilization-versus-no1-se-capacity-2te7tp04.png Figure 7-2. Cut capacity utilization versus NO1-SE capacity, 08-01-2010, hour 8. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-1-capacities-for-links-between-zones-in-the-396z1jh6.png Table 7-1. Capacities for links between zones in the simplified zonal model, 22-02-2010, hour 9 (MWh/h). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-3-area-prices-versus-no1-se-capacity-08-01-2010-e1shni2n.png Figure 7-3. Area prices versus NO1-SE capacity, 08-01-2010, hour 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2-nodal-prices-under-various-demand-elasticities-08-8ur4exn2.png Figure 6-2. Nodal prices under various demand elasticities, 08-01-2010, hour 8. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-nodal-prices-and-consumption-decrease-under-3cumyxtr.png Table 6-1. Nodal prices and consumption decrease under various demand elasticities for nodes in Norway, 08-01-2010, hour 8. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-5-surpluses-1000s-euros-and-critical-line-and-cut-3pfzrmnl.png Table 7-5. Surpluses (1000s Euros) and critical line and cut overloads under different zonal configurations, 08-01-2010, hour 8. https://scispace.com/papers/peak-to-average-power-ratio-reduction-for-ofdm-systems-based-3kjxh7dbk5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-combination-of-the-proposed-and-the-slm-algorithms-1cl0oand.png Fig. 3. Combination of the proposed and the SLM algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-a-typical-ofdm-transmitter-286szgck.png Fig. 1. Block diagram of a typical OFDM transmitter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-16-qam-constellation-with-gray-code-bit-mapping-b-an-16qficdb.png Fig. 2. (a) 16-QAM constellation with Gray code bit mapping. (b) An 8- point extension scheme for 16-QAM constellation. (c) A 12-point extension scheme for 16-QAM constellation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-of-the-proposed-algorithms-466mywal.png Fig. 4. Performance of the proposed algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-performance-of-the-proposed-algorithms-which-are-3npzdgrr.png Fig. 5. Performance of the proposed algorithms which are combined with the SLM algorithm. https://scispace.com/papers/pectic-galactan-affects-cell-wall-architecture-during-3t409sfquk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-substrate-specificity-of-bi-gal-toward-pnp-23crcp0x.png Table 1 Substrate specificity of βI-Gal toward pNP substrates (nkat/mg prot.). nd: not detected. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-substrate-specificity-of-bi-gal-toward-galactose-164h92fg.png Table 2 Substrate specificity of βI-Gal toward galactose poly- and oligosacarides (nkat/mg prot.). nd: not detected. https://scispace.com/papers/peculiar-cases-of-a-sleeping-brain-in-alert-cancer-patients-1xobwsj2vd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-cerebral-metabolism-rate-of-glucose-consumption-swk2od56.png Figure 1: A: Cerebral metabolism rate of glucose consumption (CMRglc) scans from two subjects with advanced stage lung cancer with abnormally low CMRglc compared to a subject with a benign lung lesion and a subject with early stage lung cancer. B: Global CMRglc of the 20 study patients in comparison to 20 healthy individuals. Each dot represents the global brain CMRglc for one individual. Green: Normal subjects (N=20, Age: 19-51 yrs.); Blue: Patients with benign lung nodules (N=5, 62-75 yrs.); Magenta: Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Stage 1 (N=5, 48-65 yrs.); Red: Patients with advanced NSCLC lung cancer (N=3, 51- 69 yrs.); Black: Patients with other cancers (N=2, 72 and 65 yrs.). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-age-gender-and-lung-nodule-diagnosis-3p29rc3w.png Table 1: Age, gender and lung nodule diagnosis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-cmrglc-in-brain-regions-of-subjects-with-benign-3kkx38b6.png Figure 2: The CMRglc in brain regions of subjects with benign lesions and stage 1 lesions (blue) in comparison to the three patients with advanced stage lung cancer. The CMRglc of the occipital lobe (OL) is approximately 20 % lower in the patients with advanced stage lung cancer. OL_rest_lat_l=Occipital lobe lateral remainder of occipital lobe (Left); OL_rest_lat_r=Occipital lobe lateral remainder of occipital lobe (Right); OL_ling_G_l=Occipital Lobe Lingual Gyrus (Left); OL_ling_G_r=Occipital Lobe Lingual Gyrus (Right); OL_cuneus_l=Occipital Lobe Cuneus (Left); OL_cuneus_r=Occipital Lobe Cuneus (Right); Thalamus_l=Thalamus (Left); Thalamus_r=Thalamus (Right). https://scispace.com/papers/peculiar-sequence-organization-of-kinetoplast-dna-3m8drnh41c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-risk-analysis-of-the-food-associated-with-the-w077v89j.png TABLE 1 - Risk analysis of the food associated with the outbreak of gastroenteritis by Salmonella Enteritidis strain AJU-SE021201. https://scispace.com/papers/pedagogy-and-ict-use-in-schools-around-the-world-findings-44qz9dow00 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-1-increase-in-aspects-of-student-outcomes-comparison-2ama7qj8.png Table 7.1 Increase in aspects of student outcomes; comparison of perceptions of mathematics teachers and science https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-2-mathematics-teachers-who-perceived-increases-in-3ip6fh4e.png Table 7.2 Mathematics teachers who perceived increases in student outcomes (% and (s.e.)) …………………………. 236 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1b-number-of-science-teachers-in-the-different-age-wlvx7ib3.png Table 6.1b Number of science teachers in the different age groups and the percentage of science teachers in each age https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-20-correlations-between-school-level-indicators-17mcegdk.png Table 4.20 Correlations between school-level indicators aggregated at the system level (including only those education systems which met the sampling standards) ……... 116 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-8-percentages-of-mathematics-teachers-reporting-2bvzpow0.png Figure 7.8 Percentages of mathematics teachers reporting that https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-7-percentages-of-mathematics-teachers-reporting-2agy7hko.png Figure 7.7 Percentages of mathematics teachers reporting that their Grade 8 students initiated getting started on, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-6-percentages-of-mathematics-teachers-reporting-3pfvscnu.png Figure 7.6 Percentages of mathematics teachers reporting that their Grade 8 students initiated determination of the location, planning of time, and time needed for https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-9-radar-diagrams-on-the-overall-and-ict-using-1dpkh746.png Figure 5.9 Radar diagrams on the overall and ICT-using student practices for science teachers in each of the participa- https://scispace.com/papers/pedestrian-crossing-behavior-at-signalized-crosswalks-4pemvklx0z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-site-locations-kr3n4or3.png Table 1 Site locations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-categorical-variables-o2yyw9c4.png Table 2 Summary of categorical variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-average-marginal-effects-for-the-basic-random-effect-1kbqkcwn.png Table 6 Average marginal effects for the basic, random effect, and random parameter binary logit models https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-continuous-variables-fuiulgv3.png Table 3 Summary of continuous variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pearson-correlation-test-of-variable-10bl6bmm.png Table 4 Pearson correlation test of variable https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimates-and-goodness-of-fit-for-the-basic-random-2kdiu996.png Table 5 Estimates and goodness-of-fit for the basic, random effect, and random parameter binary logit models https://scispace.com/papers/peeling-an-onion-the-refugee-crisis-from-a-historical-4jg0dlwrtf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-origin-of-asylum-seekers-in-twelve-european-1oc2bg3i.png Figure 3. Origin of asylum seekers in twelve European countries 1990–2015. Source: UNHCR 2001 and following yearbooks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-asylum-seekers-in-europe-1960-2016-source-2cf7r73s.png Figure 1. Number of asylum seekers in Europe (1960–2016). Source: http://www.unhcr. org/statistics/STATISTICS/3c3eb40f4.pdf; http://www.unhcr.org/4d8c5b109.pdf; http:// www.unhcr.org/551128679.pdf; http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/7203 832/3-04032016-AP-EN.pdf/; http://www.unhcr.org/statistics/STATISTICS/44153f592.pdf; http://www.europarl.europa.eu/intcoop/acp/60_05a/pdf/annexes.pdf. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-major-islamist-inspired-terrorist-rqdldach.png Table 1. Overview of major Islamist-inspired terrorist attacks in Western Europe between 11 September 2001 and May 2017. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-logarithmic-presentation-of-asylum-seeker-numbers-kcbs4c88.png Figure 2. Logarithmic presentation of asylum seeker numbers in seven European states (1984–2016). Source: see Figure 1. https://scispace.com/papers/pee-power-urinal-microbial-fuel-cell-technology-field-trials-4m8msg0g00 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-individual-mfc-module-voltage-performance-of-the-2b77sjib.png Figure 4. (a) Individual MFC module voltage performance of the 8 Oxfam stack boxes and (b) 242 voltage output of the connected capacitor. The decreases in the voltage data curves are from 243 when volunteers were visiting the urinal, and hence activating the lights to switch ON. The 244 magnitude and length of decrease is an indication of the length of time the lights were ON. 245 Figure 4B (inset) shows a calibration curve for the power consumed by the LED lighting at a 246 given voltage. As can be seen the MFC stack gave a maximum power of approximately 0.4W 247 for 75hrs. 248 249 250 https://scispace.com/papers/pedometers-the-frustrating-motivators-a-qualitative-4xkvh6ufeq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-demographic-and-clinical-data-2th0m8xs.png Table 1 Participant demographic and clinical data https://scispace.com/papers/pedicle-morphometry-of-sub-axial-cervical-spine-using-2xmucyrfi3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-table-showing-axial-cervical-pedicle-angles-of-70-2hv53jjh.png Table 3. Table Showing axial cervical pedicle angles of 70 participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-table-showing-cord-length-cl-of-70-participants-2pd1s1zn.png Table 2. Table Showing cord length (cl) of 70 participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-showing-pedicle-width-of-70-participants-10ilc6qu.png Table 1 Showing pedicle width of 70 participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-table-showing-pedicle-sagittal-cervical-angles-of-2bb4p943.png Table 5. Table showing pedicle sagittal cervical angles of pedicles of 70 participants https://scispace.com/papers/peer-assessment-of-professional-behaviours-in-problem-based-278mxsf5fk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variance-components-of-the-peer-assessment-of-7it39azy.png Table 1 Variance components of the peer assessment of professional behaviours of 1 st Year students (n=305) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-anonymised-sample-of-individualised-feedback-on-the-3v1gf1o7.png Figure 3 Anonymised sample of individualised feedback on the first checklist item from the nine-item scale using cohort averaged scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variance-components-of-the-peer-assessment-of-3llgijr7.png Table 2 Variance components of the peer assessment of professional of 2 nd year students (n=328) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-d-study-modeling-changes-in-reliability-for-groups-hjy3ngye.png Table 3 D study modeling changes in reliability for groups of ten students when considering their professional behaviour scores across groups and within groups both before and after they received feedback on their own PBL performance for 1 st and 2 nd years. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-combined-figure-showing-mean-scores-on-the-138qigad.png Figure 4 A combined figure showing mean scores on the professional learning behaviours scale for 1 st and 2 nd years, both before and after receiving standardised peer feedback. Standard errors of measurement (SEM) have been placed around the mean scores, as well as standard deviations (SD). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-modified-scale-for-the-peer-assessment-of-37ro31g8.png Figure 1 Modified scale for the peer assessment of professional learning behaviour in a PBL group (checklist items; 1-9 and global rating; item 10) https://scispace.com/papers/peer-effects-and-academic-achievement-a-regression-4cc4cseruw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-descriptive-statistics-full-sample-ss8vs8vx.png Table 6: Descriptive Statistics Full Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-normalized-assignment-grade-for-each-class-8gwh0uuh.png Table 2: Normalized assignment grade for each class https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-students-in-each-class-k57o5o9t.png Table 3: Number of students in each class https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sex-ratio-in-each-class-154ho8qv.png Table 4: Sex ratio in each class https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spring-exam-results-as-a-function-of-assignment-iy64gif7.png Figure 2: Spring exam results as a function of assignment grade in 1995-1999, using binned local averages https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-probability-of-being-assigned-to-a-high-ability-3qi1b42c.png Figure 1: Probability of being assigned to a high-ability class in 1995-1999 as a function of normalized assignment grade https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-average-characteristics-of-students-in-normal-and-2n9wpoa1.png Table 9: Average characteristics of students in normal and high-ability classes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-histogram-of-transformed-assignment-grade-aitc-st-gt2rxy4s.png Figure 4: Histogram of transformed assignment grade, aitc − st, in 1995-1999. The bin-width in the histogram is 0.2 and no bin counts observations from both sides of the cutoff. https://scispace.com/papers/peer-group-effects-in-applied-general-equilibrium-1soojd0uul 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-school-characteristics-3u1yp3bn.png Table 3: School Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-consumption-expenditures-7a5jrtbc.png Table 6: Consumption Expenditures https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-school-characteristics-2c9jzvcn.png Table 1: School Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-school-characteristics-7wueara5.png Table 10: School Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-contains-the-resulting-distribution-of-human-2mg7rqsx.png Table 13 contains the resulting distribution of human capital and Table 14 contains https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-school-characteristics-jizaufkw.png Table 8: School Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-school-characteristics-2jpf321p.png Table 12: School Characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/peer-to-peer-file-sharing-and-the-market-for-digital-25qovwix4m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-h-ri-and-g-ri-equilibrium-number-of-sharers-ottjs316.png Figure 2: H (ρi) and G (ρi) – Equilibrium number of sharers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-demand-function-and-size-of-the-p2p-network-361h8pgm.png Figure 3: Demand function and size of the p2p network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-non-commercial-p2p-vs-itunes-1dy6yjfw.png Figure 1: Non-commercial p2p vs. iTunes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-firm-prices-and-profits-in-the-four-equilibrium-158b7msu.png Figure 4: Firm prices and profits in the four equilibrium market coverage levels. https://scispace.com/papers/peer-to-peer-workload-characterization-techniques-and-open-3v4j7l11o2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-file-type-popularity-of-files-388mzc4d.png Figure 3. File type popularity (# of files). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-user-activity-parameters-34utes0o.png Table 1. User activity parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-crawling-dudef6qq.png Figure 1. Crawling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-traffic-interception-and-analysis-v1ayavva.png Figure 2. Traffic interception and analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-file-types-popularity-size-1malvt8y.png Figure 4. File types popularity (size). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-servent-connectivity-parameters-rzy7nrd1.png Table 2. Servent connectivity parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/peer-influence-on-speeding-behaviour-among-male-drivers-aged-4dfsv3xntd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-driving-behaviour-and-fines-for-traffic-offences-35btk77l.png Table 1 Driving behaviour and fines for traffic offences. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-attitudes-towards-traffic-rules-and-violations-note-2m0blsl3.png Fig. 1. Attitudes towards traffic rules and violations. Note: Mean differences b https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-simultaneous-linear-regression-analysis-predicting-1hhosex1.png Table 2 Simultaneous linear regression analysis predicting excessive driving. https://scispace.com/papers/pegylated-and-poloxamer-modified-chitosan-nanoparticles-2skqsnhl5p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characterization-of-unloaded-and-dox-loaded-cs-nps-2zcr1j5k.png Table 1. Characterization of unloaded and DOX-loaded CS-NPs with or without 77KS. The 707 lyophilized NPs (L-NPs) were analyzed after redispersion in ultra-pure water. 708 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-observed-rate-constants-correlation-coefficients-msc-2vzvpgxv.png Table 2. Observed rate constants, correlation coefficients, MSC and half-lives (t1/2) obtained by 711 mathematical modeling of DOX release from the different NPs when immersed in PBS buffer at 712 pH 7.4, 6.6 and 5.4. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) of three 713 experiments. 714 715 https://scispace.com/papers/pefc-electrode-with-enhanced-three-phase-contact-and-built-1wowu1szfl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-color-online-steady-state-performance-of-pefcs-h2-358revf3.png Figure 11. Color online Steady-state performance of PEFCs H2 and O2 with MEAs comprising a sample 1 without composite layer, b carbon and Nafion solution admixture as the composite layer, and c carbon-supported ruthenium oxide with Nafion solution as composite layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-color-online-cvs-for-pefcs-with-a-sample-1-and-b-2nomw0c9.png Figure 8. Color online CVs for PEFCs with a sample 1 and b sample 2 containing 10 w/o hydrous ruthenium oxide scan rate: 5 mV/s in nitrogen atmosphere . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-color-online-steady-state-performance-of-pefc-h2-1lvw87mn.png Figure 10. Color online Steady-state performance of PEFC H2-air a sample 1 and b sample 2 containing 10 w/o hydrous ruthenium oxide. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-color-online-steady-state-performance-of-pefcs-h2-28elhnfd.png Figure 9. Color online Steady-state performance of PEFCs H2–O2 for samples 1 and 2 with varying loading of hydrous ruthenium oxide. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-peak-power-performance-of-pefcs-comprising-cathode-2t6k1zwz.png Figure 14. Peak-power performance of PEFCs comprising cathode a sample 1 and b sample 2 containing 10 w/o hydrous ruthenium oxide under humidified nitrogen atmosphere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-color-online-impedance-spectrum-for-pefcs-h2-air-wsknx785.png Figure 12. Color online Impedance spectrum for PEFCs H2-air with the MEA comprising a sample 1 and b sample 2 containing 10 w/o hydrous ruthenium oxide at 0.8 V. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-color-online-pulse-loading-performance-of-pefcs-h4khwxgi.png Figure 13. Color online Pulse-loading performance of PEFCs with MEAs comprising a sample 1 and b sample 2 containing 10 w/o hydrous ruthenium oxide using humidified H -air. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagrams-of-pefcs-with-meas-comprising-a-3moxrv82.png Figure 1. Schematic diagrams of PEFCs with MEAs comprising a sample 1 without composite layer, b carbon and Nafion solution admixture as composite layer, and c carbon-supported ruthenium oxide with Nafion solution admixture as composite layer. https://scispace.com/papers/peixes-cretaceos-do-ceara-e-piauhy-25106zdegt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scales-of-vinctifer-comptoni-figs-4-5-specimens-of-w7t0yqk4.png Fig. 3 — Scales of Vinctifer comptoni. Figs. 4, 5 — Specimens of Vinctifer comptoni, resembling snakes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-trunk-head-and-fins-1xqk0fh6.png Fig. 6 — Trunk, head and fins. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-tronco-cabeca-e-nadadeiras-1ansa697.png Fig. 6 — Trunk, head and fins. https://scispace.com/papers/pegylation-of-platinum-bio-electrodes-2lyhf89kz8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-izi-a-and-phase-angle-b-plots-of-bare-and-h6a65kq6.png Fig. 3. The IZI (A) and phase angle (B) plots of bare and PEGylated Pt electrodes; (C) comparison of the impedance of Pt before and after fibrinogen adsorption (Pt + fibrinogen); (D) comparison of the impedance of PEGylated Pt electrode before (Pt-PEG) and after fibrinogen adsorption (Pt-PEG + fibrinogen). EIS was undertaken at open-circuit potential in air-purged ARF at room temperature, over the frequency range of 0.1-100 kHz with AC amplitude of 10 mV. Protein adsorption procedure: Pt/PEGPt electrode was soaked in a fibrinogen solution (1.0 mg/mL) in 0.9 wt% NaCl for 2 h, and then rinsed with deionized water and dried with N2. https://scispace.com/papers/pell-grants-as-performance-based-scholarships-an-examination-h4cqthxxwr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-pell-grant-recipients-changes-in-3ar8pvzx.png Figure 2. Distribution of Pell Grant Recipients: Changes in Distribution when Eliminating Heaping Notes: Panel A shows the distribution of student GPAs across the wide bandwidth, within 1 grade point of the cutoff (N=20,567, wide bandwidth). There is heaping in the bin containing the 2.0 cutoff (along with the other .0-containing bins). Panel B shows the distribution of student GPAs used for donut-RD analysis, where students with “whole” GPAs are removed from analytic sample (N=18,994, wide bandwidth). Source: SCCS administrative data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-national-and-state-samples-of-15aqkvde.png Table 1 Descriptive Statistics: National and State Samples of Community College Students https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-national-trends-in-sap-gpa-failure-during-the-first-2ean6qao.png Figure 1. National Trends in SAP GPA Failure During the First Year of College: Averages across Institution Type and Pell Status Notes: Figure displays percentage of students failing to achieve a 2.0 or higher GPA in the given academic year, estimated using National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS) 2004, 2008, 2012 data on first-year-equivalent students. Federal SAP regulations require institutions to evaluate SAP for all federal aid recipients at the end of each academic year, where they must meet a 2.0 by the end of the second year. The left side of the x-axis displays average rates of failure for Pell recipients and the rightmost side displays averages for students who do not receive the Pell. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-early-college-persistence-patterns-for-pell-and-non-3ia5gd4v.png Figure 5. Early College Persistence Patterns for Pell and Non-Pell Students Notes: N= 147,380. The percent of enrolled is presented within .05 GPA bins. In both panels, data for whole GPAs (1.00, 2.00, 3.00, 4.00) are hidden. Source: SCCS administrative data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-enrollment-by-sap-status-across-academic-terms-fvggqdc5.png Figure 4. Enrollment by SAP Status across Academic Terms Notes: N=42,835. The figure presents Pell entrants’ enrollment and SAP status over time (excluding summer terms, when fewer students are enrolled). In the first term, a small percentage of enrolled students have no valid GPA. Otherwise, these categories are mutually exclusive and should add to 100 percent. Source: SCCS administrative data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sap-impact-on-college-outcomes-regression-34mdcnek.png Table 2 SAP Impact on College Outcomes: Regression Discontinuity Effects within 3 Years of Entry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-first-term-sap-failure-rates-by-entry-cohort-all-3cgv3uc3.png Figure 3. First-Term SAP Failure Rates by Entry Cohort (All Beginning First-Years) Notes: N= 147,380. The figure presents the percent of first-time SCCS students who fail to meet SAP-G, SAP-C, and, subsequently, SAP-overall standards within their first term of enrollment. Due to problems with the “credits attempted” measure in 2005 and 2006, we were unable to calculate students’ credit ratio, and therefore the overall SAP estimate, for 2005-2006. Source: SCCS administrative data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sap-impact-on-college-outcomes-difference-in-3b9mp8zk.png Table 3 SAP Impact on College Outcomes: Difference-in-Differences Results https://scispace.com/papers/pellaea-zygophylla-a-new-combination-for-a-distinctive-well-fmwv0g0l4d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-a-puberulent-specimen-tejero-2528-2-aug-1986-1oo8c7rj.png Figure 18. A puberulent specimen, Tejero 2528, 2 Aug 1986, between Ciudad de Querétaro & Ciudad de México, México, Mexico (NY 3902455). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-type-of-pteris-ovata-anonymous-s-n-s-d-peru-p-1qeo6c8g.png Figure 7. Type of Pteris ovata: Anonymous, s.n., s.d., Peru (p 586562). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-mejia-al-964-27-jun-1984-between-la-horma-las-1zlxfg6t.png Figure 16. Mejía & al. 964, 27 Jun 1984, between La Horma & Las Cayas, Peravía, Dominican Republic (NY 1665286). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-type-of-pellaea-oaxacana-mickel-6279-11-aug-1971-s-1gfcbatv.png Figure 14. Type of Pellaea oaxacana: Mickel 6279, 11 Aug 1971, S of Sola de Vega, Oaxaca, Mexico (ny 144428). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pellaea-zygophylla-a-b-pellaea-ovata-c-d-and-2ey9rap7.png Figure 1. Pellaea zygophylla (A, B), Pellaea ovata (C, D), and Pellaea oaxacana (E, F) in Gastony's greenhouse, February 2004. Pinnae shown at left, pubescence of the stalks of the pinnules / costae shown at right. Although these plants are surely associated with herbarium specimens, unfortunately I do not have the accession information. This Pellaea ovata has pinnule apices at the truncate extreme of variation in the species. https://scispace.com/papers/pelton-turbine-identifying-the-optimum-number-of-buckets-1lbo96f6y3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-torque-curves-on-a-single-pelton-bucket-5wc5uzz5.png Fig. 1. Typical torque curves on a single Pelton bucket. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-negative-pressure-on-the-outside-of-the-bucket-2evhn83n.png Fig. 6. Negative pressure on the outside of the bucket. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-and-fig-8-provide-the-optimum-radial-and-angular-1uxcbhpi.png Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 provide the optimum radial and angular position data taken from the contours for each number of buckets. The optimum positioning of the bucket is changing with the number of buckets and therefore must be taken into account when thoroughly looking for the optimum amount of buckets on the runner. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-comparison-of-runner-performance-at-the-best-qsg1biwi.png Fig. 14. Comparison of runner performance at the best efficient n11 using 18 and 15 buckets – twin jet in operation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-comparison-of-runner-performance-at-the-best-p69g3l6n.png Fig. 15. Comparison of runner performance at the best efficient n11 using 18 and 15 buckets – single jet operation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selecting-the-number-of-buckets-qawt2mqb.png Table 1 – Selecting the number of buckets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristic-parameters-of-the-experimental-test-3fv6wg7l.png Table 3 – Characteristic parameters of the experimental test rig. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-normalised-efficiency-hill-charts-of-runners-with-18-3725c5v8.png Fig. 12. Normalised efficiency hill charts of runners with 18 and 15 buckets under two jet operation. https://scispace.com/papers/penalty-free-feasibility-boundary-convergent-multi-objective-2dcdflcr02 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2b-layout-of-hanoi-network-1f3dnqfm.png Fig. 2a Layout of Two-Loop network https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-solutions-of-the-new-york-tunnels-1iiv40y5.png Table 5 Solutions of the New York Tunnels https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-critical-node-pressure-heads-for-the-new-york-3l3mxfmt.png Table 6 Critical Node Pressure Heads for the New York Tunnels https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-solutions-from-the-best-six-pfmoea-runs-for-the-1autk1jk.png Table 4 Solutions from the Best Six PFMOEA Runs for the Hanoi Network https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-critical-node-pressure-heads-for-the-hanoi-network-12ym5037.png Table 3 Critical Node Pressure Heads for the Hanoi Network https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-solutions-from-the-best-pfmoea-run-for-the-new-york-1p0xpch9.png Table 7 Solutions from the best PFMOEA Run for the New York Tunnels https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-computational-time-required-by-the-pfmoea-to-obtain-yyalc00r.png Table 8 Computational time required by the PFMOEA to obtain the best reported solutions https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-performance-of-the-pfmoea-with-different-2nd-1pe13c73.png Table 9 Performance of the PFMOEA with different 2nd objective functions https://scispace.com/papers/penelopet-v3-0-an-improved-multiplatform-pet-simulator-574xyldi86 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representation-using-gview3d-3-of-simulated-scanners-1st3qrre.png Fig. 1. Representation using gview3d[3] of simulated scanners with different geometries based on commercial PET scanners. A. INVEON preclinical scanner (Siemens). B. SUPERARGUS PET/CT preclinical scanner 6-rings version (SEDECAL). C. Biograph TPTV PET/CT clinical scanner (Siemens). D. Discovery PET/CT clinical scanner (GE). E. Ingenuity PET/CT clinical scanner (Phillips). Different environments (objects) for the simulations are also shown. Each color in the figure represents a different material in the simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-left-voxelized-source-obtained-from-a-numerical-2rchagei.png Fig. 4. (Left) Voxelized source obtained from a numerical phantom used for the simulation of the uptake of NaF in a human torso. (Right). Sinogram of true detections generated by the sinogram functionality distributed with PeneloPET 3.0. This sinogram corresponds to a total of 4·106 detected true counts with 336 radial bins and 336 angular bins. 3D sinogram with no rebinning is shown and the different segments can be appreciated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-left-image-of-above-6-108-decay-processes-provided-by-1hocsx8c.png Fig. 5. (Left) Image of above 6·108 decay processes provided by PeneloPET during the simulation of the activity distribution of 18F in an IQ NEMA phantom for clinical scanners. (Middle) Sinogram for Discovery PET/CT scanner (GE) geometry of true detections generated by the sinogram functionality distributed with PeneloPET 3.0 with a total of 2.49·106 detected counts with 300 radial and 320 angular bins. (Right) Sinogram for Ingenuity PET/CT scanner (Phillips) of true detections. 1.59·106 detected counts in the sinogram with 480 radial and 336 angular bins. SSRB has been applied to obtain a rebinned sinograms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-left-image-of-decays-provided-by-penelopet-during-the-3a3jz48v.png Fig. 3. (Left) Image of decays provided by PeneloPET during the simulation. This image corresponds to a total of above 5·108 decay processes. This simulation has been performed from a numerical phantom representing the uptake of FDG in a mouse. (Right) Sinogram of true detections generated by the sinogram functionality distributed with PeneloPET 3.0 with a total of 1.36·107 detected counts with 175 radial and 128 angular bins. SSRB has been applied to obtain a rebinned sinogram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-image-of-decays-provided-by-penelopet-during-the-10xprkdz.png Fig. 2. (Left) Image of decays provided by PeneloPET during the simulation. This image corresponds to a total of above 6·108 decay processes. This simulation has been performed from a distribution of sources representing an IQ NEMA phantom for a mouse size. (Right) Sinogram of true detections generated by the sinogram functionality distributed with PeneloPET 3.0. This sinogram corresponds to a total of 6.77·106 detected counts with 175 radial bins and 128 angular bins. SSRB has been applied to obtain a rebinned sinogram. https://scispace.com/papers/penetration-testing-tool-for-web-services-security-3jnu7bew3n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-overview-of-existing-web-service-specific-attacks-1rzf72cw.png TABLE I OVERVIEW OF EXISTING WEB SERVICE SPECIFIC ATTACKS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-all-the-tested-frameworks-revealed-vulnerabilities-32zyhbuq.png TABLE II ALL THE TESTED FRAMEWORKS REVEALED VULNERABILITIES. APACHE AXIS2 WAS VULNERABLE TO BOTH PRESENTED ATTACKS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-attacking-a-web-service-with-soapaction-spoofing-t0ypzems.png Fig. 1. Attacking a Web Service with SOAPAction spoofing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-exemplary-result-window-after-penetration-test-ox48545d.png Fig. 5. Exemplary result window after penetration test execution on the Apache Axis2 framework. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-idea-of-ws-addressing-spoofing-1idqui51.png Fig. 2. Idea of WS-Addressing spoofing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-internal-structure-of-ws-attacker-307thr49.png Fig. 4. The internal structure of WS-Attacker. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-general-overview-of-ws-attacker-components-and-14n0312t.png Fig. 3. General overview of WS-Attacker components and processing steps. https://scispace.com/papers/penile-measurements-in-tanzanian-males-guiding-circumcision-3umki0ce5m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-selected-literature-on-penile-qgzkvo4j.png Table 1. Summary of selected literature on penile measurements and correlations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-penile-measurements-by-age-category-3696p30u.png Table 2. Penile measurements by age category https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tanner-staging-sexual-maturity-distribution-by-age-3sdo9b5e.png Figure 4. Tanner staging (sexual maturity) distribution by age category https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-penile-parameters-by-year-of-age-for-non-adults-n-3bdgg81k.png Figure 1. Penile parameters by year of age for non-adults (n=159) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-somatometric-parameters-by-year-of-age-for-non-14qgm37p.png Figure 2. Somatometric parameters by year of age for non-adults (n=159) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pearson-correlations-of-penile-and-somatometric-2wiqjhb4.png Table 4. Pearson correlations of penile and somatometric measurementsa, b https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scatterplot-of-circumference-at-coronal-margin-cm-1u1w9r3s.png Figure 3. Scatterplot of circumference at coronal margin (cm) vs. patient height (cm) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-somatometric-measurements-by-reported-age-group-1goqxtua.png Table 3. Somatometric measurements by reported age group https://scispace.com/papers/penile-prosthesis-in-the-age-of-the-blue-pill-4f17rfr9og 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-penoscrotal-approch-for-penile-prosthesis-implantation-jwhtifsf.png Fig. 2 Penoscrotal approch for penile prosthesis implantation https://scispace.com/papers/pension-coverage-and-earnings-replacement-rates-among-4bjb1httf1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-couples-in-which-the-male-spouse-partner-was-aged-55-3ga93nro.png Table 1 Couples in which the male spouse/partner was aged 55 to 57 in 1991 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-retired-couples-with-earnings-replacement-rates-305fsp8x.png Table 3 Retired couples with earnings replacement rates below selected thresholds in 2006, by pension coverage and 1989 to 1991 earnings quintiles https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-characteristics-of-couples-by-pension-1a2ttfzn.png Table 2 Selected characteristics of couples, by pension coverage and 1989 to 1991 earnings quintile https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-retired-couples-distribution-of-earnings-replacement-3cuhjugy.png Table 1 Couples in which the male spouse/partner was aged 55 to 57 in 1991 https://scispace.com/papers/pentachlorophenol-pcp-adsorption-from-aqueous-solution-by-3m63lihhnt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sem-micrographs-of-a-cnac-b-ccac-and-c-cac-i3aat85a.png Fig. 6 SEM micrographs of a CNAC, b CCAC, and c CAC https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-thermodynamic-parameters-for-the-adsorption-of-pcp-2flh3plo.png Table 4 Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of PCP onto CNAC, CCAC, and CAC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-plots-of-1-t-versus-lnkd-for-the-adsorption-of-pcp-by-2wd6odty.png Fig. 4 Plots of 1/T versus lnKd for the adsorption of PCP by CNAC, CCAC, and CAC https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-adsorption-isotherms-calculated-parameters-for-the-1mw6rmxm.png Table 3 Adsorption isotherms’ calculated parameters for the adsorption of PCP onto CNAC, CCAC, and CAC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effect-of-contact-time-on-pcp-adsorption-by-a-cnac-b-2ik79nha.png Fig. 1 Effect of contact time on PCP adsorption by a CNAC, b CCAC, and c CAC, adsorbent dosage = 2 g/l, pH:6.0, shaking speed: 200 rpm, Temp = 25 ± 2 C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ftir-spectrum-of-y-a-cnac-b-ccac-and-c-cac-2yzplzk4.png Fig. 5 FTIR spectrum of y a CNAC, b CCAC, and c CAC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-ph-on-the-adsorption-of-pcp-by-a-cnac-ccac-2wvxyjav.png Fig. 3 Effect of pH on the adsorption of PCP by a CNAC, CCAC, and b CAC at PCP initial concentration = 25 mg/l, adsorbent dosage = 0.1 g/50 ml, contact time 270 min https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-final-against-initial-ph-plots-for-the-studied-217oblty.png Fig. 2 The final against initial pH plots for the studied activated carbons https://scispace.com/papers/pentel-actin-g-immunoelectrode-immunoassay-at-the-tip-of-a-tzplolyxyn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-actin-immunoelectrode-format-dq50pjlb.png Fig. 1. Illustration of the actin immunoelectrode format exploited during ELISA. Anti-actin antibody (capture antibody) and BSA are irreversibly immobilised onto the polymer-graphite electrode surface. This assembly leaves inter-protein gaps which redox molecules can traverse. The scheme shows capture antibody bound actin, a polyclonal secondary antibody molecule and the signalling peroxidase conjugate prior to substrate introduction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-cyclic-voltammetry-study-of-specific-binding-of-rihlkcd7.png Fig. 7. Cyclic voltammetry study of specific binding of peroxidase conjugate (1000 ngmL 1) at the actin immunoelectrode. Conditions: see specific binding assays. Scan: +0.1 V to 0.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl, 100 mV/s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-dose-response-plot-for-the-actin-immunoelectrode-15v10je0.png Fig. 8. Dose-response plot for the actin immunoelectrode response to peroxidase conjugate concentration. Voltammetry data from Table 1. Inset: Langmuir treatment of conjugate adsorption data. C/jp vs. C plot, where partial surface coverage is equated to surface concentration of peroxidase and the diimine current density, i.e. q= jp/jp,max. Conjugate concentration is plotted in nM units. https://scispace.com/papers/people-counting-in-videos-by-fusing-temporal-cues-from-2x8hgv07v1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-density-estimation-results-a-input-frame-b-the-36xv96lu.png Fig. 4. Density estimation results. (a) Input frame, (b) The response from our approach, (c) The response from [20], (d) The response from [7] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-proposed-architecture-for-pedestrian-counting-in-3mcszts4.png Fig. 1. The proposed architecture for pedestrian counting. In the left we can see the temporal data input in a form of consecutive in time RGB frames, while for the density estimation a pipeline with 4 convolutional layers followed by a full connected sigmoid layer having the task to produce the density images. For the count of a single pipeline a linear regression unit combines the 759 inputs to produce a final result. Finally by combining the results from the counts of 3 pipelines in full connected rectifier layer we feed a node to perform linear regression and produce the final result. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-examples-of-training-input-images-upper-row-generated-6e2wg3kd.png Fig. 3. Examples of training input images (upper row) generated from the same frame, to the three different networks and their associated ground truth (lower row) for density estimation.(a) resample whole frame 320 240 used by our approach, (b) cropped images 320 240 used by [7], (c) cropped images 72 72 used by [20] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-varying-number-of-pipelines-where-one-ft5f5d1o.png Table 2. Comparison of varying number of pipelines, where one pipeline per frame is used. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-with-other-non-cnn-methods-in-the-mall-18qkwsmj.png Table 3. Comparison with other non-CNN methods in the Mall dataset https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-deviation-error-for-counting-5ck74i3j.png Table 1. Mean Deviation Error for Counting. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-by-measuring-the-size-of-people-in-different-time-nxvdlkq0.png Fig. 2. By measuring the size of people in different time frames (a), (b), the perspective map denoting the relative scale of pixels in the real word dimension. https://scispace.com/papers/people-product-and-process-perspectives-on-product-service-2fvp8zuyd2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-phases-in-a-generic-product-development-process-at-top-2rhikwqg.png Fig. 3. Phases in a generic product development process at top, integrated process at bottom. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-generic-system-model-a9857gav.png Fig. 7. A generic system model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-progress-model-for-functional-offerings-after-2mzvyp5a.png Fig. 1. A progress model for functional offerings, after Fransson (2004, p.128). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-product-lifecycle-8ufqhnfh.png Fig. 4. A product lifecycle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-an-fpd-perspective-model-for-pss-development-m4h7j295.png Fig. 9. An FPD perspective model for PSS development. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-service-process-after-edvardsson-1996-11eu5l0q.png Fig. 5. A service process, after Edvardsson (1996). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-an-activity-systems-model-after-checkland-and-holwell-1wx9v95u.png Fig. 8. An activity systems model, after Checkland and Holwell (1998). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-service-system-after-edvardsson-1996-and-edvardsson-24zr95q2.png Fig. 6. A service system, after Edvardsson (1996) and Edvardsson et al. (2000). https://scispace.com/papers/people-detection-with-heterogeneous-features-and-explicit-2m46m1r84z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-summary-of-the-cascade-detector-trained-on-the-1lnywvzw.png TABLE IV: Summary of the cascade detector trained on the INRIA datasets. Miss Rate is reported at 10−4 FPPW. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-summary-of-the-cascade-detector-trained-on-the-31b3r8ab.png TABLE III: Summary of the cascade detector trained on the Ladybug dataset. Miss Rate is reported at 10−4 FPPW. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-det-of-different-detectors-trained-and-tested-on-the-bycrsaoa.png Fig. 2: DET of different detectors trained and tested on the Ladybug dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sample-depictions-overlaid-on-an-average-human-1ka096ts.png Fig. 4: Sample depictions (overlaid on an average human gradient image) of the heterogeneous features selected at different nodes of the cascade trained on the INRIA dataset using an adaptive FPR. Black rectangular regions show Haar features, blue is for CS-LBP, green boxes repres nt CSS features and their https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-feature-selection-and-classifier-learning-framework-1g0xgby4.png Fig. 1: Feature selection and classifier learning framework used at each node of a cascade. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-feature-pool-summary-time-is-reported-relatively-as-1mlmpppn.png TABLE I: Feature pool summary. Time is reported relatively as a multiple of the smallest feature computation time,u = 0.0535µs. https://scispace.com/papers/people-who-survive-an-episode-of-severe-alcoholic-hepatitis-appsso7kkq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-survival-in-patients-with-severe-alcoholic-1qxn49up.png Figure 1. Survival in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis alive at 90 days, by subsequent drinking behaviour. Survival times, and mortality endpoints, were calculated with respect to the treatment start date or, if not recorded, the date of randomization; cases were censored at the time of liver transplantation, the limit of follow-up or day 450, whichever occurred first. Compared to abstinence a clear dose-dependent increase in the risk of mortality at day 450 is seen with low (HR 2.09, 95% CI 1.13 – 3.88, P=0.02), moderate (HR 3.00, 95% CI 1.69 – 5.35, P<0.001) and high-level alcohol relapse (HR 3.31, 95% CI 1.86 – 5.90, P<0.001). 173x98mm (300 x 300 DPI) https://scispace.com/papers/people-s-participation-in-health-services-a-study-of-3mbq4rgj4h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-do-you-participate-in-health-service-2l3ga7ca.png Table 11: Do you participate in health service? https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-what-initiatives-should-be-taken-for-peoples-1jyzua5m.png Table 10: What initiatives should be taken for people’s participation in health services? https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-government-comes-forward-to-ensure-participation-in-8apm462b.png Table 6: Government comes forward to ensure participation in health service https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-perception-about-bureaucrats-involvement-in-health-s2akl11l.png Table 7: Perception about bureaucrats’ involvement in health service https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-people-opinion-is-important-in-participating-health-tqn1wctj.png Table 9: People opinion is important in participating health service https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-what-organizational-systems-ensure-peoples-8sj6nxbg.png Table 12: What organizational systems ensure people’s participation in health service? https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participation-according-to-education-level-of-dwd94kbm.png Table 1: Participation according to education level of respondents https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-information-about-going-frequently-to-doctor-3nwa4709.png Table 2: Information about going frequently to doctor https://scispace.com/papers/peptide-biofunctionalization-of-biomaterials-for-537lsyybgp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sagittal-section-of-the-knee-a-progression-of-oa-2eol4lca.png Figure 1: Sagittal section of the knee. A. Progression of OA: conditions and treatments in each stage. B. Schematic representation of cartilage structural and signaling changes between healthy (I) and osteoarthritic (II) scenarios. (Adapted with permission from13). IL=interleukin. ADAMTS=desintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin-like motifs. MMP=matrix metalloproteinase. TNF=tumour necrosis factor. IFN=interferon. IGF=insulin-like growth factor. TGF=transforming growth factor. VEGF=vascular endothelial growth factor. https://scispace.com/papers/peptide-dendrimers-drug-gene-delivery-and-other-approaches-5dnev0z06r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-poly-l-glutamic-acid-dendrimer-with-octa-3-1hzqp0yw.png Figure 4 - Poly(L-glutamic acid) dendrimer with octa(3-aminopropyl) silsesquioxane (OAS) core conjugated with DOX in their peripheral groups through pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds and biotin as a specific tumor cells targeting moiety. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-novel-amphiphilic-peptide-dendrimer-baly-with-1blj149t.png Figure 7 - Novel amphiphilic peptide dendrimer (BALY) with potential application against multi-resistant bacteria. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-heparin-dendronized-with-poly-l-lysine-and-a72bsquw.png Figure 2 - Heparin dendronized with poly(L-lysine) and conjugated by pH-sensitive bonds with DOX (dendronized heparin-DOX conjugate nanoparticles self-assembled). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-poly-l-lysine-dendrimer-with-octa-3-aminopropyl-3i7rdjfx.png Figure 5 - Poly(L-lysine) dendrimer with octa(3-aminopropyl) silsesquioxane core and connected to non-covalent bond to glutamic acid coupled poly(L-leucine). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-novel-antimicrobial-peptide-dendrimers-ampd-g3kl-1gfqxtti.png Figure 6 – Novel antimicrobial peptide dendrimers (AMPD), G3KL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nanocarrier-designed-for-transdermal-delivery-2y4vk9mm.png Figure 1 – Nanocarrier designed for transdermal delivery. https://scispace.com/papers/peptide-receptor-radionuclide-therapy-1eiql4pexi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-peptide-receptor-radionuclide-therapy-with-111in-2j0w0l7q.png Table 3. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 111In-octreotide in patients with gastroenteropancreatic tumours. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-side-effects-in-patients-with-somatostatin-receptor-12h3geaq.png Table 5. Side-effects in patients with somatostatin receptor-positive (gastroenteropancreatic and nongastroenteropancreatic) tumours treated with different radiolabelled somatostatin analogues. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-characteristics-of-the-radionuclides-used-3fqkbf37.png Table 1. Physical characteristics of the radionuclides used in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-peptide-receptor-radionuclide-therapy-with-90y-and-33gh90m3.png Table 4. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 90Y- and 177Lu-labelled somatostatin analogues in patients with gastroenteropancreatic tumours. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cure-rate-expressed-as-percentage-of-cured-rats-kjb45e7r.png Figure 1. Cure rate (expressed as percentage of cured rats) found in groups of rats bearing CA20948 tumours of different indicated sizes after treatment with 370 MBq[90Y-DOTA0, Tyr3]octreotide or 555 MBq[177Lu-DOTA0, Tyr3]octreotate (maximum estimated tumour dose of 60 Gy for both treatments). CR, complete response; PR, partial response. (Modified from de Jong et al.14). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-baseline-and-follow-up-data-of-a-patient-with-11hyxj29.png Figure 2. Baseline and follow-up data of a patient with carcinoid with liver metastases. (A) Post-therapy scintigraphy after each cycle is shown (top row). Note the decrease of uptake of [177Lu-DOTA0, Tyr3]octreotate on the last scintigraphy scan in comparison with the first (black arrows indicating the index lesion). At 3 and 6 months after four cycles of therapy, the patient had a partial remission (O50% decrease in tumour volume on computed tomography; white arrows indicate the index lesion) (bottom row). (B) Regression of the tumour mass was accompanied by a decrease in serum concentration of alkaline phosphatase (reference range 0–119 U/l), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT; reference range 0–49 U/l) and the tumour marker chromogranin A (reference range 10–100 ng/ml). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-affinity-profiles-ic50-a-for-human-somatostatin-3jnel5wk.png Table 2. Affinity profiles (IC50) a for human somatostatin receptors SSTR1–SSTR5 (hSSTR1–hSSTR5) of a series of somatostatin analogues. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-global-health-quality-of-life-scale-scores-of-all-1z8i2bvw.png Figure 3. Global health/quality of life scale scores of all the patients (nZ50) and the different outcome groups according to tumour evaluation before (hatched bars) and 3 months after (grey bars) 177Lu-octreotate therapy. REGR, regression (complete, partial and minor remission); SD, stable disease; PD, progressive disease. Standard errors of the mean are shown; *P!0.05; **P!0.01; NS, not significant (two-sided analysis of variance; P!0.05 was considered significant). (Modified from Teunissen et al.66). https://scispace.com/papers/peptide-nanofibres-as-molecular-transporters-from-self-40qeb83jwn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-degradation-of-pnfs-measured-by-tem-a-tem-images-of-18xeaix2.png Fig. 3 Degradation of PNFs measured by TEM. (A) TEM images of KRK nanofibers incubated with 0.5% trypsin–EDTA; (B) semiquantitative analysis of the TEM images; (C) TEM images of KRK PNFs incubated with MEM (negative control). All scale bars = 500 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-uv-vis-spectroscopy-of-krk-pnfs-labelled-krk-pnfs-were-3uur7vmw.png Fig. 2 UV-vis spectroscopy of KRK PNFs. Labelled KRK PNFs were incubated in rat plasma–PBS (1 : 1) and measured by UV absorbance. The percentage of intact fiber was measured by means of a calibration curve (inset). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-molecular-structure-of-peptide-amphiphiles-krk-b-391yarpo.png Fig. 1 (A) Molecular structure of peptide amphiphiles KRK. (B) SAXS pattern for KRK PNFs with the best fit of the core–shell cylindrical model. The error bars of the points at the right hand side have not been plotted for clarity. The scattering is smeared by the detector width and beam size. (C) Transmission electron micrograph of KRK PNFs (1 mg mL-1) in 5% dextrose; the inset shows the physical appearance (clear solution) of the formulation after probe sonication. (D) Molecular structure of peptide amphiphiles R. (E) SAXS pattern for R PNFs with the best fit of the core–shell cylindrical model. The error bars of the points at the right hand side have not been plotted for clarity. The scattering is smeared by the detector width and beam size. (F) Transmission electron micrograph of R PNFs (1 mg mL-1) in 5% dextrose; the inset shows the physical appearance (Tyndall effect) of the formulation after probe sonication. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-cell-internalization-of-krk-pnfs-encapsulating-nile-3vyj1tx7.png Fig. 5 (A) Cell internalization of KRK PNFs encapsulating Nile Red by primary neurons isolated from rat brain (scale bar = 50 mm); (B) residence time (days) of KRK PNFs fluorescently labelled with VivoTag 680 XL injected intracranially in the right brain hemisphere (caudate–putamen) in athymic nude mice, imaged with an IVIS Lumina camera at 675 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-depiction-of-two-proposed-mechanisms-leading-7b2s8w9a.png Fig. 4 Schematic depiction of two proposed mechanisms leading to PNF degradation. Degradation of PNF into its amino acidic components by peptidase. Mechanism I shows degradation of PNFs by cleavage of amino acids from the fiber ends towards the middle. Mechanism II shows degradation of PNFs into shorter nanofibers and formation of amorphous aggregates. https://scispace.com/papers/peptide-receptor-radionuclide-therapy-4hjowbrgqf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-peptide-receptor-radionuclide-therapy-with-111in-2e8wy0g1.png Table 3. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 111In-octreotide in patients with gastroenteropancreatic tumours. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-side-effects-in-patients-with-somatostatin-receptor-26rcjrwa.png Table 5. Side-effects in patients with somatostatin receptor-positive (gastroenteropancreatic and nongastroenteropancreatic) tumours treated with different radiolabelled somatostatin analogues. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-characteristics-of-the-radionuclides-used-wkxpusu7.png Table 1. Physical characteristics of the radionuclides used in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-peptide-receptor-radionuclide-therapy-with-90y-and-8n29ytl6.png Table 4. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 90Y- and 177Lu-labelled somatostatin analogues in patients with gastroenteropancreatic tumours. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cure-rate-expressed-as-percentage-of-cured-rats-2u66c8wa.png Figure 1. Cure rate (expressed as percentage of cured rats) found in groups of rats bearing CA20948 tumours of different indicated sizes after treatment with 370 MBq[90Y-DOTA0, Tyr3]octreotide or 555 MBq[177Lu-DOTA0, Tyr3]octreotate (maximum estimated tumour dose of 60 Gy for both treatments). CR, complete response; PR, partial response. (Modified from de Jong et al.14). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-baseline-and-follow-up-data-of-a-patient-with-177hzwz2.png Figure 2. Baseline and follow-up data of a patient with carcinoid with liver metastases. (A) Post-therapy scintigraphy after each cycle is shown (top row). Note the decrease of uptake of [177Lu-DOTA0, Tyr3]octreotate on the last scintigraphy scan in comparison with the first (black arrows indicating the index lesion). At 3 and 6 months after four cycles of therapy, the patient had a partial remission (O50% decrease in tumour volume on computed tomography; white arrows indicate the index lesion) (bottom row). (B) Regression of the tumour mass was accompanied by a decrease in serum concentration of alkaline phosphatase (reference range 0–119 U/l), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT; reference range 0–49 U/l) and the tumour marker chromogranin A (reference range 10–100 ng/ml). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-affinity-profiles-ic50-a-for-human-somatostatin-xynai89e.png Table 2. Affinity profiles (IC50) a for human somatostatin receptors SSTR1–SSTR5 (hSSTR1–hSSTR5) of a series of somatostatin analogues. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-global-health-quality-of-life-scale-scores-of-all-2p99zjnl.png Figure 3. Global health/quality of life scale scores of all the patients (nZ50) and the different outcome groups according to tumour evaluation before (hatched bars) and 3 months after (grey bars) 177Lu-octreotate therapy. REGR, regression (complete, partial and minor remission); SD, stable disease; PD, progressive disease. Standard errors of the mean are shown; *P!0.05; **P!0.01; NS, not significant (two-sided analysis of variance; P!0.05 was considered significant). (Modified from Teunissen et al.66). https://scispace.com/papers/peptidic-scaffolds-to-reduce-the-interaction-of-cu-ii-ions-3gdwluqef9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-tht-emission-of-ab-1-40-monomers-incubated-for-18-1d0nlnku.png Figure 5. a) ThT emission of Aβ(1-40) monomers incubated for 18 h with different Cu:Aβ(140) molar ratios. The intersection at Cu:Aβ = 0.5 characterizes the minimal molar ratio at which the stabilization of oligomeric species occurs; b) ThT fluorescence curves for pure Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-40) left aggregating for 10 min before the addition of CuCl2; c) ThT emission over time illustrating the effect of C-Asp on the aggregation kinetics of Aβ(1-40), applying different sequences of addition of the peptide and the copper salt. [Aβ(1-40)] = [CuCl2] = 25 µM; [CAsp] = 50 μM, PBS pH 7.4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-amino-acid-sequences-of-the-designed-decapeptides-2jsy7vjw.png Table 1. Amino acid sequences of the designed decapeptides. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-proposed-structures-2yfl3ejo.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of the proposed structures of the Cu(II) complexes [CuH(CAsp)]2+, [CuH(O-Asp)]2+, [CuH(ODPro-Asp)]2+, [CuH(C-Asn)]3+, and [CuH(O-Asn)]3+. For the sake of clarity, only the side chains of Asp and His residues are shown. Im = imidazole, and X = H2O or counterion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fitting-of-the-fluorescence-titration-data-to-eq-1-2clqmfwm.png Figure 2. Fitting of the fluorescence titration data to Eq. (1) and the resulting apparent and conditional affinity constants obtained for the five tested peptides. [Peptide] = 10 µM in HEPES 10 mM, pH 7.4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-effect-on-the-emission-intensity-of-each-peptide-2hc3hl1h.png Figure 3. a) Effect on the emission intensity of each peptide (relative to the emission of the free peptide) reflecting a) the displacement of Aβ(1-16)-bound Cu(II) ions upon incubation with equimolar amounts of peptide, and b) the displacement of peptide-bound Cu(II) ions upon addition of increasing amounts of Aβ(1-16). [Peptide] = [CuCl2] = [Aβ(1-16)]= 10 µM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ros-formation-mediated-by-cucl2-cu-ii-c-asp-and-cu-3a44f2kc.png Figure 6. ROS formation mediated by CuCl2, Cu(II)-C-Asp, and Cu(II)-Aβ(1-16), determined by the consumption of ascorbate through its absorbance at 265 nm. The CuAβ+C-Asp and Cu-CAsp+Aβ samples were preincubated with the first ligand; the second ligand was added just before starting to monitor the ascorbate consumption; [CuCl2] = 5 µM, [C-Asp] = [Aβ(1-16)] = 5.5 µM, [ascorbate] = 100 µM, phosphate buffer 100 mM, pH 7.4. Data fitting to zero- (blank, Cu-C-Asp) and first-order kinetics (Cu, CuAβ) is depicted by dotted lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-maldi-tof-spectra-of-a-cu-c-asp-ab-1-16-1-1-4-and-b-37li1447.png Figure 4. MALDI-TOF spectra of a) Cu-C-Asp-Aβ(1-16) 1:1:4, and b) Cu-O-Asp-Aβ(1-16) 1:1:4, at pH 7.4. https://scispace.com/papers/perceived-helpfulness-of-ewom-emotions-fairness-and-5d4smsjdoi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-model-source-adapted-from-ahmad-laroche-2mln4yxw.png Figure 1. Conceptual model (Source: adapted from Ahmad & Laroche, 2015; Yin et al., 2014) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-perceived-helpfulness-of-service-online-review-1fjsoc9c.png Figure 5. Perceived helpfulness of service online review among three conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-hypotheses-testing-2psruns9.png Table 2. Results of hypotheses testing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-perceived-helpfulness-of-product-online-review-10525io0.png Figure 2. Perceived helpfulness of product online review among three conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-total-effect-model-note-n-519-p-01-271gbo1m.png Figure 6. Total effect model Note: N=519, **p <.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-estimates-of-emotions-on-perceived-helpfulness-2ieugnql.png Figure 7. Estimates of emotions on perceived helpfulness through expressed price fairness and reviewer rationality https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-ewom-affecting-perceived-pg80y6na.png Table 1. Characteristics of eWOM affecting perceived helpfulness of online reviews https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimates-of-emotions-on-perceived-helpfulness-2mzlp8e1.png Figure 4. Estimates of emotions on perceived helpfulness through expressed price fairness and reviewer rationality Note: N=519, **p <.01., ***p<.001. https://scispace.com/papers/perceived-managerial-and-leadership-effectiveness-within-the-3wgcu394v9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-deduced-positive-canadian-public-utility-bcs-with-pj94x4cy.png Table 4. Deduced Positive Canadian Public Utility BCs with Underpinning BSs and Comparison Against Convergent British Public Sector Positive BSs https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-illustration-of-convergence-between-the-constituent-23588tgx.png Table 6. Illustration of Convergence Between the Constituent BSs of Two Canadian BCs and the Compared British BSs https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-component-1-empirical-source-study-sample-of-qv71tloi.png Table 1. Component 1 Empirical Source Study: Sample of Participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-obtained-empirical-source-data-used-for-component-2-1iy40i5y.png Table 2. Obtained empirical source data used for Component 2 of the study https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-component-1-empirical-source-study-collected-neahx9h3.png Table 3. Component 1 Empirical Source Study: Collected Critical Incidents- CIs https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-deduced-negative-canadian-public-utility-bcs-with-s1fraac1.png Table 5. Deduced Negative Canadian Public Utility BCs with Underpinning BSs and Comparison Against Convergent British Public Sector Negative BSs https://scispace.com/papers/perceived-parental-alcohol-problems-internalizing-problems-42i46snmoi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-characteristics-of-the-danish-national-vpbu9vxv.png Table 1: Descriptive characteristics of the Danish National Youth Cohort 2014 (N=71,988). N (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-odds-ratios-95-confidence-interval-for-effect-of-30vmuau0.png Table 4: Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for effect of having a parent with alcohol problems and cohabitation status of parent with alcohol problems on frequent emotional symptoms among boys and girls in secondary schools https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-odds-ratios-95-confidence-interval-for-effect-of-qr29qbn3.png Table 5: Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for effect of traumatic experiences with parents on frequent emotional symptoms among boys and girls in secondary schools https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-odds-ratios-95-confidence-interval-for-effect-of-1v5nlve2.png Table 2: Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for effect of having parents with a perceived alcohol problem on internalizing problems among boys and girls in secondary schools https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-odds-ratios-95-confidence-interval-of-poor-parent-1z3dp354.png Table 3: Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of poor parent-child relationship characteristics among boys and girls with and without perceived parental alcohol problems https://scispace.com/papers/perceived-roles-of-fathers-in-the-promotion-support-and-2xirtie59t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-emerged-themes-and-subthemes-3twnufg0.png Table 1: Emerged themes and subthemes https://scispace.com/papers/perceived-physical-competence-enjoyment-and-effort-in-same-33wyqhq3lw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-interaction-in-shooting-competence-3pgyn4t9.png Figure 2 Interaction in shooting competence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-confirmatory-factor-analysis-lo15bmsg.png Figure 1 Confirmatory factor analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-between-variables-n-546-1m00r52r.png Table 2. Correlation between variables (N = 546). https://scispace.com/papers/perceived-sexual-control-sex-related-alcohol-expectancies-1t43xt7uy1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlations-among-study-variables-5js0vh38.png Table 1 Correlations among study variables. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-path-model-predicting-substance-related-and-forcible-akikrrrw.png Fig. 1. Path model predicting substance-related and forcible rape. https://scispace.com/papers/perceived-stress-and-depression-amongst-older-stroke-2ax6vbqwj2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-structural-equation-model-fit-measure-n-2907-3vhnk3d2.png Table 5. The structural equation model fit measure (n=2907) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-standardized-total-indirect-and-direct-effects-20022x41.png Table 6 The standardized total, indirect, and direct effects of Sense of Coherence on depression with perceived stress as mediator (n=2907) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-sample-n-2907-s42n0r7e.png Table 1 Characteristics of the sample(n=2907) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-pss-soc-and-ces-d-n-2907-24lbgcw7.png Table 2 Description of PSS, SOC and CES-D(n=2907) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-the-multiple-regression-analysis-by-3c4hih62.png Table 4 Results of the multiple regression analysis by building progressive models with depression as the dependent variable(n=2907) https://scispace.com/papers/percentage-of-reported-covid-19-cases-in-colombia-estimating-2qlzpoe964 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-age-stratified-percentage-of-covid-19-cases-2xge5utw.png TABLE IV. Age-stratified percentage of Covid-19 cases reported in Colombia until December 28, 2020. For the country and its regions the age-stratified percentage of reported cases are shown with a 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-covid-19-cases-and-deaths-incidence-in-colombia-up-to-3lnmn6g3.png FIG. 1. Covid-19 cases and deaths incidence in Colombia. Up to December 28, 2020 there have been 1’594,497 confirmed cases and 47,175 confirmed deaths. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-illness-onset-to-death-time-delay-distribution-for-2tnqsa7s.png TABLE I. Illness onset to death time-delay distribution for Covid-19 outbreak in Colombia. 95% confidence intervals are displayed inside parenthesis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-evolution-of-the-percentage-of-cases-reported-for-3jkwe66u.png FIG. 5. Evolution of the percentage of cases reported for Colombia and some its regions during the year 2020. For each region the 95% confidence interval of age-aggregated percentage of reported cases is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-covid-19-case-fatality-rates-stratified-by-age-3a3l70t4.png TABLE II. Covid-19 case fatality rates stratified by age groups as of July 14, 2020 in the Republic of Korea. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-probability-density-distribution-of-the-time-from-3q7h0xwt.png FIG. 3. Probability density distribution of the time from illness onset to death f(t). The continuous line corresponds to a KDE fit with mean delay of 22.4 days and standard deviation of 12.7 days. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-percentage-of-covid-19-cases-reported-in-colombia-2k8vwfdi.png TABLE III. Percentage of Covid-19 cases reported in Colombia and its regions until December 28, 2020 with 95% confidence intervals. The corrected and baseline CFRs are also shown, along with the total number of positive cases and deaths to date. Regions are numbered to later compare with fig. 4 (N.S. identifies regions that are not shown in fig. 4 because they are districts and not a departments). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-maps-of-the-departments-of-colombia-coloured-by-21ijsnhs.png FIG. 4. Maps of the departments of Colombia, coloured by reporting percentage (left panel), mean age (central panel), and population density (right panel). https://scispace.com/papers/perceiving-infant-faces-20vdyv930r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-image-of-an-infant-face-with-increased-left-and-9ho7gsk7.png Figure 1. An image of an infant face with increased (left) and decreased (right) perceived cuteness. https://scispace.com/papers/perception-affects-the-brain-s-metabolic-response-to-sensory-1cqwh0njsy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cortical-regions-preferentially-activated-by-pf-3r0qo45e.png Table 2. Cortical regions preferentially activated by PF compared to UF. 190 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-subjects-perception-and-attention-during-visual-2pkaq5jt.png Figure 1. Subjects perception and attention during visual stimulation. (A) Average heatmap of eyes position 121 (across subjects) during a representative session (1H-fMRS Run 1). (B) Stability of mean gaze displacement from the 122 fixation point. (C) Gaze displacement was not different across conditions (One-Way ANOVA, p=0.29). Error bars 123 correspond to SD. (D) Average pupil diameter (across-subjects) during a representative session (1H-fMRS Run 1). (E) 124 Mean pupil diameter was not statistically different across conditions (One-Way ANOVA, p=0.98). Error bars 125 correspond to SD. (F) Task performance in terms of response delay was not statistically different across conditions 126 (One-Way ANOVA, p=0.36). Error bars correspond to SD. (G) There was no correlation between task performance 127 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1h-fmrs-analysis-a-spectroscopic-data-acquired-2h9xtn18.png Figure 4. 1H-fMRS analysis. (A) Spectroscopic data acquired during resting condition (R, cyan) as well as PF (black) 230 and UF (gray) averaged across subjects. A single-subject representative voxel location is reproduced on a parasagittal 231 view of the BOLD activation and superimposed on the anatomical scan from the same subject. For visualization 232 purposes, the processing of the spectra included frequency and phase correction of single transients, averaging, eddy 233 currents correction, and Fourier transform. (B) Lactate, glutamate, and aspartate concentration changes during the 234 stimulation conditions, relative to the rest conditions acquired immediately before. Data are averaged across subjects. 235 There is significant increase in lactate (+28%) and glutamate (+3%) levels induced by PF stimulus, but not by UF 236 stimulus. The concentration changes of the two metabolites were significantly different across the stimulation 237 conditions (qFDR=0.01 for lactate and qFDR=0.003 for glutamate), while there was no change for aspartate (qFDR=0.98). 238 (C,D) Spectral tCr and tNAA linewidth changes induced by the PF and UF stimuli shows no statistically significant 239 difference (p>0.7). (E) Differences between spectra acquired in the three experimental conditions. For reference, the 240 corresponding LCModel fits are reported on the bottom for the Lac and Glu signals. tCr and tNAA singlets showed 241 the expected BOLD related features: there is a difference between stimulation and rest, but the difference spectra 242 between the active conditions are within the noise. In the regions of lactate and glutamate the difference spectra 243 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-main-effect-of-stimulation-assessed-by-fmri-nqh3ytyr.png Figure 2. Main effect of stimulation assessed by fMRI analysis. (A) Calibration of image contrast to match BOLD 156 response in V1 to PF and UF obtained in a preliminary session. The contrast of the PF image was reduced to 75% for 157 subsequent stimulations (i.e. common to all subjects). (B) Mean time-course of BOLD signals in the transition between 158 rest and PF or rest and UF, averaged over the fMRI voxels corresponding to the subject-specific spectroscopic VOI. 159 (C) BOLD percent change during the experimental conditions, averaged over the fMRI voxels corresponding to the 160 subject-specific spectroscopic VOI. No statistically significant difference in BOLD response was found between the 161 two conditions (unpaired two-sample t-test, p>0.71). (D,E) Statistical maps for group-averaged positive effect of the 162 visual stimulation (PF and UF) versus rest. Normalized maps are thresholded at p<0.001, with a FDR correction at the 163 cluster level (corresponding to q<0.05), and overlaid on MNI template. 164 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-modulations-of-metabolic-profile-of-v1-during-pf-and-3bp4vpjs.png Table 3. Modulations of metabolic profile of V1 during PF and UF stimulations. 247 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-and-study-parameters-108-1eqyu39r.png Table 1. Demographics and study parameters. 108 https://scispace.com/papers/perceiving-social-pressure-not-to-feel-negative-predicts-2yjhfvq853 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-standard-deviations-intra-class-correlations-3l5gjbog.png Table 1. Means, standard deviations, intra-class correlations and within-person correlations among all measures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multilevel-vector-autoregressive-models-predicting-a-duibz93v.png Table 2. Multilevel vector autoregressive models predicting a total depression score and separate depression symptoms. https://scispace.com/papers/perception-of-aversive-stimuli-of-different-gustatory-9hsb6x7p1t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-concentration-dependent-responses-to-nacl-and-kcl-35t1oxgd.png Figure 1. Concentration-dependent responses to NaCl and KCl. Insects preferred low (0.3 M) 760 and avoided high (1 M) concentrations of both salts confronted to H2O (A). Insects exhibited no 761 preference when both salts were confronted (B). The Preference Index expresses the relative time 762 spent at each side of the arena: 0 = equal time at each side, -1 and 1 = full time spent at the left or 763 right side of the arena, respectively. Each point represents the mean (± s.e.m.) of 30 replicates. 764 Asterisks denote statistical differences (p < 0.05) after a One-Sample T-Test with expected value = 765 0. Numeral shows a p-value of 0.056. 766 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pre-exposure-to-salts-effect-on-the-perception-of-az47zoau.png Figure 5. Pre-exposure to salts: effect on the perception of NaCl and KCl. The innate repellence 801 of insects to both salts was not modified by a pre-exposure to H2O (A), KCl (B) or NaCl (C). The 802 Preference Index expresses the relative time spent at each side of the arena: 0 = equal time at each 803 side, -1 and 1 = full time spent at the left or right side of the arena, respectively. Each point represents 804 the mean (± s.e.m.) of 30 replicates. Asterisks denote statistical differences (p < 0.05) after a One-805 Sample T-Test with expected value = 0. 806 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-salts-discriminative-assays-through-an-operant-13pmu19j.png Figure 4. Salts discriminative assays through an operant conditioning protocol with H2O(-). 790 During trainings (triangles in A and B) insects avoided the punished side of the arena (grey 791 shadowed). During tests (circles in A and B), they preferred the salty side of the arena regardless if 792 it contained the same salt used during training or the novel one. When confronted, no preference for 793 one or the other salt was evinced. The Preference Index expresses the relative time spent at each 794 side of the arena: 0 = equal time at each side, -1 and 1 = full time spent at the left or right side of the 795 arena, respectively. Each point represents the mean (± s.e.m.) of 30 replicates. Asterisks denote 796 statistical differences (p < 0.05) after a One-Sample T-Test with expected value = 0. 797 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-innate-responses-to-caf-insects-avoided-the-2ybfgvoy.png Figure 6. Innate responses to Caf. Insects avoided the caffeine when confronted to H2O but 810 exhibited no preference when it was simultaneously presented with NaCl. The Preference Index 811 expresses the relative time spent at each side of the arena: 0 = equal time at each side, -1 and 1 = 812 full time spent at the left or right side of the arena, respectively. Each point represents the mean (± 813 s.e.m.) of 30 replicates. Asterisks denote statistical differences (p < 0.05) after a One-Sample T-Test 814 with expected value = 0. 815 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-discriminative-assays-between-aversive-stimuli-of-32rn38l3.png Figure 7. Discriminative assays between aversive stimuli of different gustatory modality 819 through an operant conditioning protocol with NaCl(-) or Caf(-). During trainings (triangles in A 820 and B) insects avoided the punished side of the arena (grey shadowed) regardless if it was loaded 821 with NaCl or Caf. During tests (circles in A and B), no modifications of the innate behaviour were 822 evinced. The Preference Index expresses the relative time spent at each side of the arena: 0 = equal 823 time at each side, -1 and 1 = full time spent at the left or right side of the arena, respectively. Each 824 point represents the mean (± s.e.m.) of 30 replicates. Asterisks denote statistical differences (p < 825 0.05) after a One-Sample T-Test with expected value = 0. 826 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-salts-discriminative-assays-through-an-operant-m6ykgtov.png Figure 3. Salts discriminative assays through an operant conditioning protocol with NaCl(-) or 779 KCl(-). During trainings (triangles in A and B) insects avoided the punished side of the arena (grey 780 shadowed) regardless if it was loaded with NaCl or KCl. During tests (circles in A and B), no 781 modifications of the innate behaviour were evinced, i.e. no preference when NaCl and KCl were 782 confronted. The Preference Index expresses the relative time spent at each side of the arena: 0 = 783 equal time at each side, -1 and 1 = full time spent at the left or right side of the arena, respectively. 784 Each point represents the mean (± s.e.m.) of 30 replicates. Asterisks denote statistical differences (p 785 < 0.05) after a One-Sample T-Test with expected value = 0. 786 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-discriminative-assays-between-aversive-stimuli-of-1nsbg7dv.png Figure 8. Discriminative assays between aversive stimuli of different gustatory modality 830 through a pre-exposure to NaCl or Caf. A pre-exposure to H2O (A) or NaCl (B) did not modify the 831 innate repellence of insects to the salt nor to the alkaloid. However, a pre-exposure to Caf (C) 832 interfered specifically in the perception of the alkaloid but not of the salt. The Preference Index 833 expresses the relative time spent at each side of the arena: 0 = equal time at each side, -1 and 1 = 834 full time spent at the left or right side of the arena, respectively. Each point represents the mean (± 835 s.e.m.) of 30 replicates. Asterisks denote statistical differences (p < 0.05) after a One-Sample T-Test 836 with expected value = 0. 837 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-amiloride-blocks-salt-perception-a-pre-exposure-to-1pvb0lhs.png Figure 2. Amiloride blocks salt perception. A pre-exposure to H2O did not modify the innate 770 repellence of insects to both salts (A). A pre-exposure to amiloride interfered with the perception of 771 both salts (B). The Preference Index expresses the relative time spent at each side of the arena: 0 = 772 equal time at each side, -1 and 1 = full time spent at the left or right side of the arena, respectively. 773 Each point represents the mean (± s.e.m.) of 30 replicates. Asterisks denote statistical differences (p 774 < 0.05) after a One-Sample T-Test with expected value = 0. 775 https://scispace.com/papers/perception-of-urban-trees-by-polish-tree-professionals-vs-54px2s201q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-statements-from-a-perceptions-of-urban-trees-survey-1xuae9s3.png Table 3. Statements from a perceptions of urban trees survey, regarding benefits and harms associated with urban trees, performed in the years 2015–2016 among the tree planning professionals during the project Roads for Nature. Definitions of the latent variables obtained via agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) analysis, related to a different general benefit or harm associated with trees. Indication of statements which appeared in a perceptions of urban trees survey conducted by IMAS International Institute in April 2015 among the quota of Polish citizens (non-professionals). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-statistical-results-for-the-latent-variables-related-14m3j40v.png Table 4. Statistical results for the latent variables, related to a different general benefit or harm associated with trees, defined in the study. Left: The Cronbach’s alpha values for the latent variables and the median and mean (± standard deviation) answers of the professionals to the latent variables. Right: The importance of the latent variables for nonprofessionals: Overall number of statements belonging to each of the variables chosen by nonprofessionals divided by the numbers of statements included in each variable. Average shares of statements belonging to each of the variables chosen by the respondents. The numbers of respondents who chose at least one statement associated with a given latent variable. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-kendall-correlation-of-latent-variables-related-to-a-3mimn7xg.png Table 5. Kendall correlation of latent variables, related to a different general benefit or harm associated with trees, defined in the study. Kendall tau values and corresponding p-values given. The statistically significant correlations, at significance level α = 0.05, highlighted in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-relation-of-the-latent-variables-associated-to-a-hf4pop79.png Table 6. Relation of the latent variables, associated to a different general benefit or harm associated with trees, defined in the study, with the sociodemographic characteristics of the tree planning professionals. Results of the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) procedure for the differences between median answers of professionals to the latent variables, and for the assessment of the number of trees in the place of residence in various sociodemographic categories of professionals at significance level α = 0.05. In the case of significant differences, the mean answers to the latent variables in each sociodemographic category are given, and homogenous groups of categories are denoted with letters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sociodemographic-characteristics-of-184-tree-donjjxjj.png Table 1. Sociodemographic characteristics of 184 tree planning professionals who responded to a perceptions of urban trees survey in the years 2015–2016 during the project Roads for Nature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-relation-of-the-latent-variables-associated-to-a-3fzz4j6q.png Table 7. Relation of the latent variables, associated to a different general benefit or harm associated with trees, defined in the study, with the sociodemographic characteristics of nonprofessionals. Results of the Fisher test for the dependence between numbers of the selected statements associated with the latent variables and various sociodemographic categories of nonprofessionals. Nonsignificant differences, at significance level α = 0.1, denoted by ns. All values in the table given in percentage. The cells in the contingency table responsible for the departure from independence of the examined variables were identified as those for which the Pearson residual exceeded 1.0 (*), 1.5 (**), and 2.0 (***). The numbers in these cells were highlighted in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-results-of-the-fisher-test-for-the-dependence-p72j8h03.png Table 8. Results of the Fisher test for the dependence between selecting of the “there are too few trees in the cities” statement and age and education of nonprofessionals. The cells in the contingency table responsible for the departure from independence of the examined variables were identified as those for which the Pearson residual exceeded 1.0 (*), 1.5 (**) and 2.0 (***). The numbers in these cells were highlighted in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sociodemographic-characteristics-of-a-quota-sample-1spbp7xr.png Table 2. Sociodemographic characteristics of a quota sample of 510 Polish citizens (nonprofessionals) who responded to a perceptions of urban trees survey conducted by IMAS International Institute in April 2015. https://scispace.com/papers/perception-of-vulnerable-ultra-poor-women-on-climate-change-4iw6l9u08h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-different-climate-change-vulnerable-groups-3tyh69zs.png Figure 6: Different climate change vulnerable groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-outputs-derived-from-the-sem-3asfq10b.png Table 1: Model outputs derived from the SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-respondents-general-concept-about-climate-change-303wzys4.png Figure 2: Respondent’s general concept about climate change. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-major-adverse-impacts-on-agriculture-3ok11e1r.png Figure 7: Major adverse impacts on agriculture. https://scispace.com/papers/perceptions-of-creativity-in-software-engineering-research-4rksqgmtsg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-conceptualization-of-creativity-in-se-2r6mtcux.png TABLE II. CONCEPTUALIZATION OF CREATIVITY IN SE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-publication-distribution-per-year-32x4n2dd.png Fig. 1. Publication distribution per year https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-factors-influencing-creativity-1qadnbvd.png TABLE IV. FACTORS INFLUENCING CREATIVITY https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-practices-influencing-creativity-3ojn0iq2.png TABLE III. PRACTICES INFLUENCING CREATIVITY https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-example-of-thematic-synthesis-of-practitioners-58nebek0.png TABLE VI. EXAMPLE OF THEMATIC SYNTHESIS OF PRACTITIONERS’ PERCEPTION OF CREATIVITY https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-interviewees-characteristics-26cm3m60.png TABLE I. INTERVIEWEES CHARACTERISTICS https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-approaches-to-measure-creativity-2hx7tlv1.png TABLE V. APPROACHES TO MEASURE CREATIVITY https://scispace.com/papers/perceptions-of-positive-relationship-traits-in-gay-and-3w1tnnt8u4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-responses-of-commitment-satisfaction-investment-33w63d87.png Table 1. Mean Responses of Commitment, Satisfaction, Investment, and Closeness https://scispace.com/papers/perceptron-based-consumer-prediction-in-shared-memory-3911l5ylk8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-co-optimal-consumer-set-predictors-for-each-of-the-lbqfszu8.png TABLE II CO-OPTIMAL CONSUMER SET PREDICTORS FOR EACH OF THE PREDICTOR FUNCTIONS. WHERE PERFORMANCE MATCHED WITHIN THREE SIGNIFICANT FIGURES ONLY THE SMALLEST PREDICTOR IS SHOWN. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-behavior-of-several-perceptrons-across-variations-in-2q80qbz0.png Fig. 6. Behavior of several perceptrons across variations in threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-behavior-of-three-consumer-set-predictors-on-the-1v7o34sf.png Fig. 7. Behavior of three consumer-set predictors on the SPLASH benchmarks used, Intersection(pid + pc18)4, Perceptron120(pid + pc10 + addr2)4, and Union(pid + pc18)4. The Intersection and Union predictors represent the maximum PVP and Sensitivity achievable. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-predictions-made-by-previous-functions-with-a-depth-of-3gjimqyn.png Fig. 1. Predictions made by previous functions with a depth of two on a simple pattern. The predictions made by a two-level predictor would depend on its depth. Depending on initialization conditions a two-level predictor with a depth of two would make different predictions for the above example, but all such cases will contain mispredictions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-three-terms-we-use-in-this-paper-to-quantify-the-3sa5n0ep.png TABLE I THE THREE TERMS WE USE IN THIS PAPER TO QUANTIFY THE BEHAVIOR OF CONSUMER PREDICTORS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-structure-of-a-perceptron-predictor-1flgjb2l.png Fig. 4. Structure of a Perceptron Predictor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-set-of-co-optimal-predictors-that-can-be-produced-2zuksjn3.png Fig. 8. The set of co-optimal predictors that can be produced using only 4K entries at each history table. Note the offsets on both axes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-histogram-of-the-correlations-of-a-sharers-presence-in-2otic6y9.png Fig. 2. Histogram of the correlations of a sharer’s presence in one iteration based upon both its own, and other sharers’ presence in the previous iteration. This data was collected from the SPLASH2 benchmark FMM on a 16 processor simulation, but is representative of the behavior seen in other benchmarks. https://scispace.com/papers/perceptual-feedback-in-multigrid-motion-estimation-using-an-1b6xqf0vpu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-dvfs-and-motion-based-segmentation-results-taxi-frame-3vgvpp3c.png Fig. 10. DVFs and motion-based segmentation results (Taxi, frame 9). (a) Original frame. (b) Fixed-size BMA flow. (c) Unweighted variable-size BMA flow. (d) Perceptually weighted variable-size BMA flow. (e) Ideal segmentation. (f) Segmentation with fixed-size BMA ( = 1:02). (g) Segmentation with unweighted variable-size BMA, ( = 0:49). (h) Segmentation with perceptually weighted variable-size BMA, ( = 0:35). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-nonlinear-mpe-bit-allocation-results-in-the-3-d-1837512n.png Fig. 3. (a) Nonlinear MPE bit allocation results in the 3-D spatio-temporal frequency domain (relative number of quantization levels per 3-D coefficient). The surface is scaled to have unit integral. (b) Frequency response of the perceptual temporal filter, proportional toN . The solid line corresponds to the theoretical curve and the dashed line stands for the actual frequency response obtained with the fourth-order FIR filter used in the experiments (see Section V). Th oefficients of the filter in the temporal domain are: 0.0438, 0.1885, 0.4443, 0.1885, and 0.0438. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-reconstruction-results-with-different-motion-1tomreh2.png Fig. 8. Reconstruction results with different motion estimations and a fixed MPEG-like quantization. (a) Original (detail of frame 7 of theTaxi sequence). (b) Fixed-size BMA. (c) Unweighted variable-size BMA. (d) Weighted variable-size BMA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-perceptual-distortion-measures-for-the-frames-of-tzs2e1y5.png Fig. 9. Perceptual distortion measures for the frames of theTaxi sequence using different motion estimations with the same (MPEG-like) quantizer. The thick solid line corresponds to the fixed-size BMA. The thin solid line corresponds to the unweighted variable-size BMA and the thin dashed line corresponds to the weighted variable-size BMA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-perceptual-distortion-measures-for-the-frames-of-the-qfbp22ag.png Fig. 16. Perceptual distortion measures for the frames of the (a)Rubikand (b)Taxisequence using previous and the proposed schemes. The thick lines correspond to the previous apporaches and thin lines correspond to the proposed schemes. Solid thick line corresponds to fixed-size BMA and linear MPE quantizer(H.261, MPEG1). Dashed thick line corresponds to unweighted variable-size BMA and linear MPE quantizer (H.263). The solid thin line corresponds to perceptually weighted variable-size BMA and 2-D nonlinear MPE and the dashed thin line corresponds to perceptually weighted variable-size BMA and 3-D nonlinear MPE. As in Fig. 6, the frame-by-frame implementation of the perceptual distortion measure may slightly overestimate the visual effect of the frame blurring introduced by the temporal filter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-reconstruction-results-with-thetaxi-sequence-using-2jjyu23l.png Fig. 15. Reconstruction results with theTaxi sequence using previously reported encoding configurations (a-b) and the proposed 2-D or 3-D alternatives (c-d). (a) Fixed size BMA for motion estimation and MPEG-like quantization (linear MPE). (b) Unweighted variable-size BMA and MPEG-like quantization (linear MPE). (c) Perceptually weighted variable-size BMA and 2-D nonlinear MPE quantization. (d) Perceptually weighted variable-size BMA and 2-D nonlinear MPE quantization and temporal filtering. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scale-dependent-splitting-strategy-due-to-perceptual-17o1duxu.png Fig. 4. Scale-dependent splitting strategy due to perceptual feedback. The dashed regions in the frequency domain represent the bit allocation of the MPE quantizer. They determine the frequency band which is considered to compute the perceptual entropy of the signal. For a given energy and resolution level, the spatial extent and the frequency bandwidth of the DFD (thick solid lines) are related by the uncertainty relation x f = k. The bandwidth of the DFD will depend on the resolution, giving rise to a different splitting behavior when using a bandpass splitting criterion such as the perceptual entropy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-percentage-of-thetotal-bit-rate-used-for-themotion-1lfk8tuv.png TABLE I PERCENTAGE OF THETOTAL BIT-RATE USED FOR THEMOTION FLOW (DVF) https://scispace.com/papers/percutaneous-endoscopic-gastrostomy-in-children-a-safe-484gr3rtgf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-anatomy-of-the-esophagogastric-junction-1teytr4a.png Figure 1. Anatomy of the Esophagogastric Junction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nissen-fundoplication-the-fundus-is-wrapped-360deg-15s7dkp0.png Figure 3. Nissen fundoplication. The fundus is wrapped 360° around the esophagus. (Reprinted from “Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication in childhood” by Lobe TE et al, Journal of Pediatric Surgery, volume 28, page 358-361, 1993, with Permission from Elsevier.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pathophysiology-of-gastroesophageal-reflux-disease-3c0kxie2.png Figure 2. Pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease https://scispace.com/papers/percutaneous-nephrolithotomy-with-x-ray-free-technique-in-4v5illqr45 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3ihiehps.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-preoperative-intraoperative-and-postoperative-1o5t914q.png Table 1 Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative variables in patients https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1vv548f6.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/percolation-fractal-dimension-in-scattering-line-shapes-of-p6rv4p0d5v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scattering-results-for-log10-i-q-vs-log10-q-for-d-3-in-310u2844.png Fig. 2. Scattering results for log10(I(q)) vs. log10 |q| for d = 3 in Fe0.85Zn0.15F2 at t = 3.9 × 10−4, 3.5 × 10−3, 5.1× 10−3, 7.5× 10−3, 1.2× 10−2, 1.8× 10−2, 3.1× 10−2, 5.0 × 10−2, and 1.0 × 10−1 (lowest set). The solid curve is q−2.53, folded with instrumental resolution. The dotted curves are fits to Eq. (1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulation-results-for-log10-s-q-vs-log10-q-for-d-2-2i1tmq4g.png Fig. 1. Simulation results for log10(S(q)) vs. log10 |q| for d = 2. The solid line is q−91/48. Data sets, highest to lowest, are for H/J = 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.75, 2.50, and 3.25, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/percutaneous-posterolateral-approach-for-the-simulation-of-a-231bzh99cg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-representative-intraoperative-fluoroscopic-images-of-3qdw1jwf.png Fig. 5 Representative intraoperative fluoroscopic images of the puncture corridor to the motion segment. Insertion of surgical awl (a, b); tissue collection from the NP (c, d); BV recordings with frontal (a, c) and lateral beam path (b, d) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-native-and-damaged-ovine-discs-the-2bw5s1m0.png Fig. 6 Comparison of native and damaged ovine discs, the latter damaged by NP tissue removal. µCT of native (a) and damaged segments (b). Light microscopy of Masson–Goldner histology of native (c) and damaged segments (d). Enlargements of c: peripheral ventral (e) and peripheral dorsal (g) AF with intact lamellar structure. Enlargements of d: peripheral ventral (f) AF with injured lamellar structure and peripheral dorsal (h) AF https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-puncture-corridor-the-ex-vivo-preparation-the-puncture-kxz3vafn.png Fig. 1 Puncture corridor (the ex  vivo preparation). The puncture site is located 12 cm from the spinous process line. Puncture corridor (ex vivo preparation). a The puncture site, located 12 cm from the spinous process line. b A 60°–90° insertion angle allows for access of the annulus fibrosus surface and relatively safe penetration with minimal inadvertent movement of the awl https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-quantitative-and-qualitative-disc-degeneration-a-box-dhxbrlfi.png Fig. 7 Quantitative and qualitative disc degeneration. a Box plot comparing the distribution of disc height measurements along the IVD anteroposterior midline between the control disc (dark shade) and damaged disc (light shade). b Comparative histological evaluation of intervertebral disc degeneration between the damaged (partial nucleotomy) and native (control) groups using the scoring method of Hoogendoorn et al. [7] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-small-percutaneous-puncture-a-0-5-cm-long-incision-1-23cqlfrp.png Fig. 3 Small, percutaneous puncture; a 0.5  cm long incision, 1  cm lateral to the transverse process line, and the surgical awl with a flattened elliptical tip shape (3.0 mm; 1.1 mm). In addition, the tip is still bent in a radius of 3200  mm to the shaft, This has a conical shape with a maximum diameter of 60 mm (Aesculap FG 268 R-4000 K— Aesculap, Germany); b rongeur (Fehling Ceramo 1.5 rongeur— Fehling Instruments, Germany) inserted into the motion segment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-anatomical-landmarks-are-highlighted-in-marker-a-1hvbxi8l.png Fig. 2 The anatomical landmarks are highlighted in marker. a Processus spinosi; b lateral transverse process line; c costal arch; d ala of the ilium; e injection site to damage the motion segment; f segment marking https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-3d-m-ct-reconstruction-for-visualization-of-awl-gyltvh7p.png Fig. 4 3D μ-CT reconstruction for visualization of awl puncture (a ventral view; b lateral view; c cranial view) https://scispace.com/papers/perennial-biomass-grasses-and-the-mason-dixon-line-45l34shm3u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-county-state-and-latitude-of-origin-for-each-3ojjbmqz.png Table 2 County, state, and latitude of origin for each switchgrass type https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-yield-in-mg-per-hectare-sd-for-the-highest-yielding-2xynch6s.png Table 3 Yield in Mg per hectare±SD for the highest yielding harvest https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-final-dry-matter-yields-as-related-to-photoperiod-of-2kgm2z7k.png Fig. 4 Final dry matter yields as related to photoperiod of 30 days after green-up for pooled upland switchgrass ecotypes, Alamo and Kanlow switchgrass, and Miscanthus at 10 locations for the second and third years after plot establishment. P values are the significance levels for the slopes https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-means-of-radiation-use-efficiency-g-per-mj-ipar-of-346ndenp.png Table 8 Means of radiation use efficiency (g per MJ IPAR) of the two groups in Table 7: the selected high values and the other, lower values that were not in bold in Table 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-first-harvest-date-values-for-leaf-area-index-sd-1p3qqka3.png Table 4 First harvest date values for Leaf Area Index±SD https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-photoperiod-of-30-days-after-green-up-number-of-days-rfc3ekcn.png Table 5 Photoperiod of 30 days after green-up, number of days with mean temperature less than 0 °C during previous winter, number of days with mean temperature greater than 32 °C during the growing season, and precipitation (Jan–Aug) for 10 locations https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-pearsons-correlation-coefficients-for-final-biomass-3rdqjnmd.png Table 6 Pearson’s correlation coefficients for final biomass yield after the third year of establishment as a function of four environmental variables https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-final-dry-matter-yields-for-pooled-upland-switchgrass-2maw299p.png Fig. 3 Final dry matter yields for pooled upland switchgrass ecotypes, Alamo and Kanlow switchgrass, at 10 locations for the second and third years after plot establishment as a function of degrees from latitude of origin. P values are the significance levels for the slopes https://scispace.com/papers/perfect-abelian-dominance-of-quark-confinement-in-su-3-qcd-3krjk432o4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-fit-analysis-with-the-coulomb-plus-linear-ansatz-370diqs8.png TABLE II. Fit analysis with the Coulomb-plus-linear ansatz for the QQ̄ potentials. For each potential, the best-fit parameter set ðσ; A; CÞ is listed in the functional form of Eq. (1) in lattice units. For V − VAbel, the best-fit parameter set ðA;CÞ is also listed with σ ¼ 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-physical-spatial-size-dependence-of-sabel-1wes4vie.png FIG. 4 (color online). Physical spatial-size dependence of σAbel=σ. Perfect Abelian dominance (σAbel=σ ≃ 1) seems to be realized when the spatial size La is sufficiently large. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-in-superconductors-magnetic-flux-is-2qevjex3.png FIG. 1 (color online). (a) In superconductors, magnetic flux is repelled due to Cooper-pair condensation, and is squeezed into a one-dimensional tube like the Abrikosov vortex. (b) In the dualsuperconductor picture, the QCD vacuum is regarded as an electromagnetic dual version of the superconductor: the interquark color-electric flux is squeezed into a one-dimensional form due to magnetic-monopole condensation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-simulation-conditions-b-the-lattice-size-l3lt-2hsxflen.png TABLE I. The simulation conditions (β, the lattice size L3Lt, and the gauge configuration number Ncon) and the results (lattice spacing a, the physical spatial size La, and the string tension ratio σAbel=σ). Here, the lattice spacing is determined so as to reproduce the string tension of σ ¼ 0.89 GeV=fm. The results of previous studies are shown on the last three lines. We investigate the six types of interquark directions, while Stack et al. [17] did one type (on-axis) and Bornyakov et al. [18] did three types [the interquark directions are (1,0,0),(1,1,0),(1,1,1)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-examples-of-effective-mass-plots-at-b-1-4-n95pfw67.png FIG. 2 (color online). Examples of effective mass plots at β ¼ 6.4 on the 324 lattice for (a) SU(3) QCD, (b) the Abelian part, and (c) the off-diagonal part. Here, we display on-axis data of r ¼ 3; 6; 9; 12; 15 in lattice units. The solid horizontal lines denote the obtained values of VðrÞ, VAbelðrÞ, and VoffðrÞ from the least-squares fit with the single-exponential form (10), and are extended in the corresponding fit range of tmin ≤ t ≤ tmax − 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-cartan-decomposition-of-the-qq-3axutqd1.png FIG. 3 (color online). (a) Cartan decomposition of the QQ̄ potential. The circles, squares, and triangles denote the QQ̄ potential VðrÞ, the Abelian part VAbelðrÞ, and the off-diagonal part VoffðrÞ, respectively. The filled and open symbols denote the data at β ¼ 6.4 and 6.0, respectively. The curves are obtained by the best fit with Eq. (1) for each part at β ¼ 6.4 as listed in Table II. (b) Fit analysis of VðrÞ − VAbelðrÞ to illustrate the perfect Abelian dominance of quark confinement. The orange solid line is the best fit with the Coulombplus-linear ansatz of Eq. (1). The blue dotted line is the best fit with the pure Coulomb ansatz [Eq. (1) with σ ¼ 0]. (c) Comparison between VAbelðrÞ þ VoffðrÞ (red open pentagons) and VðrÞ (black filled circles) at β ¼ 6.0 and 6.4, except for an irrelevant constant. Their agreement indicates the summation formula (15). https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-and-experimental-validation-of-the-3lq8rde4qk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-evaluation-points-for-the-error-metric-3b9fitc1.png FIGURE 4: THE EVALUATION POINTS FOR THE ERROR METRIC CALCULATION. THE POINTS MARKED WITH AN × REPRESENT THE CALCULATION ON THE FULL DOMAIN, WHILE THE POINTS THAT ARE ADDITIONALLY MARKED WITH AN O REPRESENT THE ERROR METRIC CALCULATION CLOSE TO THE BOUNDARY. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-orthotropic-plate-with-an-open-hole-and-load-at-1nroo07i.png FIGURE 5: ORTHOTROPIC PLATE WITH AN OPEN HOLE AND LOAD AT INFINITY. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-deformation-configurations-and-distances-of-1ouwemb5.png FIGURE 1: DEFORMATION CONFIGURATIONS AND DISTANCES OF SELECTED NODE PAIRS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-absolute-error-of-eyy-for-noise-level-1-16-3g5xgkm2.png FIGURE 6: MEAN ABSOLUTE ERROR OF εyy FOR NOISE LEVEL 1/16 PIXELS FOR DISTRIBUTIONS OF VARIOUS MEAN DOT DISTANCES IN PIXELS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-dsi-vertical-strain-and-strain-gauge-data-from-the-1dacsvci.png FIGURE 11: DSI VERTICAL STRAIN AND STRAIN GAUGE DATA FROM THE TENSION EXPERIMENTS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-coordinate-definitions-for-a-pair-of-points-a-b-in-1vr1gvbt.png FIGURE 2: COORDINATE DEFINITIONS FOR A PAIR OF POINTS A, B IN THE VICINITY OF w RELATIVE TO THE LOCAL COORDINATE SYSTEM AT POINT A. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-mean-absolute-error-of-eyy-for-noise-level-of-0-1veccehb.png FIGURE 8: MEAN ABSOLUTE ERROR OF εyy FOR NOISE LEVEL OF 0 PIXELS FOR DISTRIBUTIONS OF VARIOUS MEAN DOT DISTANCES IN PIXELS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mean-absolute-error-of-eyy-for-noise-level-1-128-q2lp9vgf.png FIGURE 7: MEAN ABSOLUTE ERROR OF εyy FOR NOISE LEVEL 1/128 PIXELS FOR DISTRIBUTIONS OF VARIOUS MEAN DOT DISTANCES IN PIXELS. https://scispace.com/papers/perfect-samplers-for-mixtures-of-distributions-14b6yymcbi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-coalescence-path-for-the-chains-started-at-0-and-1-16831atg.png Fig. 8. Coalescence path for the chains started at ~0 and ~1, with, in overlay, the corresponding values of the log posteriors, for a simulated sample of 32 observations from a mixture of three exponential distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-same-graphs-as-in-figure-8-for-a-simulated-sample-of-1b8a8act.png Fig. 10. Same graphs as in Figure 8 for a simulated sample of 82 observations from a mixture of three exponential distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-same-graphs-as-in-figure-8-for-a-simulated-sample-of-27b9oqto.png Fig. 9. Same graphs as in Figure 8 for a simulated sample of 57 observations from a mixture of three exponential distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-same-graphs-as-in-figure-2-for-983-observations-from-a-1whpmja0.png Fig. 4. Same graphs as in Figure 2 for 983 observations from a mixture of two exponential distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-same-graphs-as-in-figure-2-for-373-observations-from-a-3mnykbke.png Fig. 3. Same graphs as in Figure 2 for 373 observations from a mixture of two exponential distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-coalescence-path-for-the-components-of-the-chains-17xzy8yv.png Fig. 2. Coalescence path for the components of the chains started at ~0 and ~1, with, in overlay (dottedlines), the corresponding values of the log posteriors, log (!(t)0 ) and log (!(t)1 ) (scale on the right) for a simulated sample of 73 observations from a mixture of two exponential distributions. https://scispace.com/papers/perfluoroalkyl-acids-pfaas-in-children-s-serum-and-1wh2e5ihv9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-percent-changes-standard-error-partial-r2-a-of-5h8wmztk.png Table 4. Mean percent changes (standard error) [partial R2]a of serum concentrations of PFAA in children, (n=198, aged 4, 8, and 12 years), 1 per unit change of each variable, assessed via multiple linear regression analysisb 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-percent-change-standard-error-partial-r2-a-in-pfaa-29c2cnv8.png Table 5. Percent change (standard error) [partial R2]a in PFAA serum concentrations per unit change of maternal PFAA serum concentration (ng g-1 serum) and nursing duration (months) in children at 4 (n=57), 8 (n=55), and 12 (n=119) years of age, assessed via multiple linear regression analysisb https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cluster-analysis-of-pfaa-based-on-correlations-2h0rnmf5.png Figure 3. Cluster analysis of PFAA based on correlations between serum concentration in children at 4, 8, and 12 years of age (n=198), sampled 2008-2015, using average linkage https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-children-2hifhe8i.png Table 1. Characteristics of the children https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-perfluoroalkyl-carboxylic-acid-pfca-serum-sfg7d5sh.png Table 2. Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid (PFCA) serum concentrations in children at 4 (n=57), 8 (n=55), and 12 (n=119) years of age (ng g-1 serum) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-concentrations-of-pfaa-in-children-at-4-n-50-8-n-49-tlg08wfx.png Figure 2. Concentrations of PFAA in children at 4 (n=50), 8 (n=49), and 12 (n=99) years of age, sampled 2008-2015. Concentrations are shown as least square means and standard error (SE) determined by general linear model (GLM) analysis adjusted for sampling year and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-years-of-birth-and-sampling-period-with-median-for-2lkpmwlz.png Figure 1. Years of birth and sampling period with median, for the children in the present study at 4 (n=57), 8 (n=55), and 12 (n=119) years of age. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-perfluoroalkane-sulfonic-acid-pfsa-serum-qzr9ms0m.png Table 3. Perfluoroalkane sulfonic acid (PFSA) serum concentrations in children at 4 (n=57), 8 (n=55), and 12 (n=119) years of age (ng g-1 serum) https://scispace.com/papers/performability-evaluation-of-multipurpose-multiprocessor-4svggcdrkq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-xr-dependability-wrt-lph-2krm00tx.png Table 9. Xr Dependability wrt λph https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-clustered-architecture-2dpjhzjb.png Fig. 4. Clustered architecture https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-xr-dependability-measures-wrt-repair-time-5ddg765w.png Table 6. Xr Dependability measures wrt repair time https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-xr-dependability-measures-wrt-reboot-time-2ep4m80o.png Table 7. Xr Dependability measures wrt reboot time https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-yr-availability-wrt-the-repair-time-3ov9f678.png Table 13. Yr Availability wrt the repair time https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-ye-dependability-3piqz2o0.png Table 14. Ye Dependability https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-xe-dependability-measures-6yfpql4s.png Table 11. Xe Dependability measures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-model-overview-2u63tssi.png Fig. 1. Model overview https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-and-improvement-of-zigbee-routing-2574zy2ko3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-nodes-deployment-17aqp8rd.png Fig. 3. Nodes deployment https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-case-of-the-sink-is-node-61-statistical-results-3ilqzvqa.png Table 1. Case of the sink is node 61 : statistical results https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-case-of-a-heavy-load-and-the-sink-is-node-61-3f5aiun3.png Table 4. Case of a heavy load and the sink is node 61 : statistical results https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-case-of-randomly-chosen-nodes-statistical-results-3pykrdal.png Table 2. Case of randomly chosen nodes : statistical results https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-case-of-a-heavy-load-and-the-sink-is-node-0-1o1kmt08.png Table 3. Case of a heavy load and the sink is node 0 : statistical results https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-case-of-a-heavy-load-and-random-choice-of-nodes-164tduwr.png Table 5. Case of a heavy load and random choice of nodes : statistical results https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-worst-case-results-in-seconds-344rct2l.png Table 6. Worst case results (in seconds) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-death-time-of-first-node-in-seconds-3tckvlni.png Table 7. Death time of first node (in seconds) https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-and-optimization-of-cooperative-4wduaujdhl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cp-over-r-d-link-for-various-h1-3lbm5njp.png Fig. 4: CP over R-D link for various H1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-op-over-s-r-link-for-various-ps-1f4z4yf9.png Fig. 9: OP over S-R link for various Ψ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-interference-scenario-1tpsmgje.png Fig. 2: Interference scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-the-optimal-energy-efficiency-for-various-l-32epn15p.png Fig. 14: The optimal energy efficiency for various L. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-optimal-energy-efficiency-versus-the-number-of-12uonkn5.png Fig. 13: The optimal energy efficiency versus the number of the iterations for Algorithm 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-the-optimal-energy-efficiency-for-various-t-4z0c00n1.png Fig. 16: The optimal energy efficiency for various T . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-the-optimal-energy-efficiency-for-various-d0-175y1jki.png Fig. 15: The optimal energy efficiency for various d0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cp-over-r-d-link-for-various-t-2aoxyrio.png Fig. 6: CP over R-D link for various T . https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-for-the-coordinate-interleaved-1ggpczycvq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-union-bound-of-symbol-error-probability-in-stbc-ciod-2agfsugn.png Fig. 2. Union bound of symbol error probability in STBC-CIOD with QPSK modulation and https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-a-message-oriented-knowledge-base-5ec3pi2n52 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1qslzwlk.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overall-structure-of-the-message-driven-knowledge-2ahdhpk0.png Figure 2 Overall Structure of The Message-Driven Knowledge-Base Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-unifi-cation-and-backtracking-times-among-nodes-in-1ec1w8xm.png Table 1 Unifi.cation and Backtracking Times Among Nodes in Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-15pv6duk.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-assignment-table-for-the-tree-in-figure-5-3as2w7gi.png Table 2 Assignment Table~ for The Tree in Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-2fj71kmd.png Figure 11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-example-of-an-ed-b-1qzhuk3c.png Figure 3 An Example of an ED B https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-6zt15ujg.png Figure 14 https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-a-collateralized-fund-obligation-cfo-4dpi090bwf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-results-of-multivariate-linear-regressions-for-cfos-j5vmed52.png Table 9 Results of Multivariate Linear Regressions for CFOs 1, 11, 15 and 18 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-performance-and-rank-of-portfolios-according-to-the-mpk02w0y.png Table 7 Performance and Rank of Portfolios According to the Comprehensive Measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-performance-of-cfos-11-15-and-18-glc9irvd.png Table 8 Performance of CFOs 11, 15 and 18 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-performance-of-cfos-11-15-and-18-continued-3hxauu8t.png Table 8 Performance of CFOs 11, 15 and 18 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-of-secondary-data-1en0q8zm.png Table 4 Descriptive Statistics of Secondary Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-composition-of-optimal-portfolios-for-sets-of-7cmalzcv.png Table 5 Composition of Optimal Portfolios for Sets of Preferences E1, E2 and E3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-performance-of-cfos-11-15-and-18-continued-1ejvelra.png Table 8 Performance of CFOs 11, 15 and 18 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-statistics-of-hedge-fund-strategy-indexes-36xnksq7.png Table 3 Statistics of Hedge Fund Strategy Indexes https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-an-optical-cdma-mac-protocol-with-2gx86j76rb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tagged-packet-analysis-35cjpedp.png Fig. 4. Tagged packet analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-transition-of-the-interference-level-2sx75hm8.png Fig. 3. Transition of the interference level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-interference-level-fluctuation-18whik8c.png Fig. 2. Interference-level fluctuation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-system-throughput-versus-the-average-number-of-38qnnijw.png Fig. 11. System throughput versus the average number of photons per chip pulse for chip-level receiver, G = 5, K = 64. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-system-throughput-versus-number-of-correctable-bits-t-23p8vq3d.png Fig. 8. System throughput versus number of correctable bits t for the correlation receiver, G = 5, K = 64. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-system-throughput-versus-offered-traffic-for-both-3lbaul5n.png Fig. 10. System throughput versus offered traffic for both correlation and chip-level receivers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-system-throughput-versus-offered-traffic-for-the-xhrlnqb7.png Fig. 7. System throughput versus offered traffic for the correlation receiver with different values of t, K = 64. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-system-throughput-versus-offered-traffic-for-chip-816x38gi.png Fig. 9. System throughput versus offered traffic for chip-level receiver, K = 64. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-broadcast-authentication-protocols-2g2lks2593 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-network-topology-12esp86u.png Figure 6: Network topology https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frame-overhead-in-case-of-pairwise-keying-36lhsgl1.png Table 2: Frame overhead in case of pairwise keying https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-dependence-of-memory-load-in-terms-of-frames-1zqr27m4.png Figure 8: Dependence of memory load (in terms of frames waiting for authentication) with key release interval on each of the 30 ECUs with TESLA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flexray-frame-and-communication-cycle-2dghqtwy.png Figure 1: FlexRay frame and communication cycle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-can-frame-versus-can-fd-frame-2qssnl09.png Figure 2: CAN frame versus CAN-FD frame https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-recorded-busload-on-can-fd-and-flexray-2erqbdst.png Table 6: Recorded busload on CAN-FD and FlexRay https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-payload-for-the-considered-authentication-protocols-3f63ojai.png Table 4: Payload for the considered authentication protocols on all tag sizes https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-tags-added-to-a-frame-when-applying-group-k59a4cq5.png Table 3: Number of tags added to a frame when applying Group keying https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-cooperative-diversity-in-multi-user-a58dmvt51b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-model-15ab6aif.png Fig. 1: System Model https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-integrated-sub-6-ghz-millimeter-wave-1zydzua0sc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proposed-multi-band-mac-protocol-105pkq20.png Fig. 2: Proposed Multi-Band MAC Protocol. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-saturation-throughput-vs-the-number-of-stas-173hkqnu.png Fig. 4: Saturation throughput vs the number of STAs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-number-of-time-slots-used-in-fst-procedure-vs-the-2jg7kv70.png Fig. 5: Number of time slots used in FST procedure vs the control parameter 𝛽, for different network size 𝐽 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-number-of-time-slots-wasted-in-collisions-vs-the-1jseotjd.png Fig. 6: Number of time slots wasted in collisions vs the number of STAs, for different 𝑊 and 𝛽 values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-beacon-interval-structure-9-1ntor8wm.png Fig. 1: Beacon Interval structure [9]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-saturation-throughput-vs-for-different-network-size-28ywzz9b.png Fig. 8: Saturation throughput vs 𝑊 for different network size 𝐽 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-saturation-throughput-vs-the-number-of-stas-7glrzprx.png Fig. 7: Saturation throughput vs the number of STAs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-saturation-throughput-vs-for-different-values-14d09mu3.png Fig. 9: Saturation throughput vs 𝑚 for different 𝛼 values. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-matrixvector-multiplication-in-2q0xgy8mmw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-performance-of-mpi-time-vs-hybrid-time-on-4-node-14nh0a4j.png Figure 3.4 performance of MPI time Vs HYBRID time on 4 node with matrix multiplication https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-performance-of-mpi-time-vs-hybrid-time-on-4-nodes-jihhhwyp.png Table 3.3 performance of MPI time Vs HYBRID time on 4 nodes with matrix multiplication. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-performance-of-mpi-time-vs-hybrid-time-on-2-nodes-1blikta3.png Table 3.1 Performance of MPI time Vs HYBRID time on 2 nodes with matrix multiplication. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-performance-of-mpi-time-vs-hybrid-time-on-2-nodes-1zxq1b30.png Figure 3.1 Performance of MPI time Vs HYBRID time on 2 nodes with matrix multiplication. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-the-product-of-two-matrices-a-b-18xdo41j.png Figure 2.1 the product of two Matrices A & B. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-performance-of-mpi-time-vs-hybrid-time-on-4-nodes-2e7epb9w.png Table 3.2 performance of MPI time Vs HYBRID time on 4 nodes with matrix multiplication. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-performance-of-mpi-time-vs-hybrid-time-on-4-nodes-bjmq2twr.png Figure 3.2 performance of MPI time Vs HYBRID time on 4 nodes with matrix multiplication. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-performance-of-mpi-time-vs-hybrid-time-on-4-node-2dc0eba6.png Table 3.4 performance of MPI time Vs HYBRID time on 4 node with matrix multiplication. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-microcellization-for-supporting-two-24hf86u8oc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-equivalent-product-form-queueing-network-model-for-the-1pfbnxfx.png Fig. 3. Equivalent product form queueing network model for the Markov chain in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-multicell-system-with-repacking-0-5-0-37fltq77.png Fig. 11. Multicell system with repacking; = 0:5; = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-multicell-system-with-repacking-3-0-0-1q72dgyr.png Fig. 12. Multicell system with repacking; = 3:0; = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-multicell-system-without-repacking-3-0-0-2fopii6z.png Fig. 8. Multicell system without repacking; = 3:0; = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-multicell-system-with-repacking-0-0-3qo5uvet.png Fig. 10. Multicell system with repacking; = 0; = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-multicell-system-without-repacking-0-5-0-36hyyfzc.png Fig. 7. Multicell system without repacking; = 0:5; = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-multicell-system-without-repacking-0-5-2-0-1d1wvn5m.png Fig. 9. Multicell system without repacking; = 0:5; = 2:0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-transition-rate-diagram-for-the-microcell-processfz-t-3gogew12.png Fig. 4. Transition rate diagram for the microcell processfZ(t)g, with repacking (mobility change not considered). https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-physical-layer-security-over-a-m-i9frjadvv7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-upper-bound-of-secrecy-outage-probability-versus-3e31xou9.png Fig. 4 The upper bound of secrecy outage probability versus Pm for selected values of Pw with fixed values of α= 2 and µm = µw = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-upper-bound-of-secrecy-outage-probability-versus-3bycgju6.png Fig. 5 The upper bound of secrecy outage probability versus Pm for different values of α and µi and a fixed value of Pw = 10 dB. The solid and circle (o) lines correspond to simulation and analysis results, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-probability-of-positive-secrecy-capacity-versus-pm-buzzeajf.png Fig. 3 The probability of positive secrecy capacity versus Pm for different values of α and µi and a fixed value of Pw = 10 dB. The solid and circle (o) lines correspond to the simulation and analysis results, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-probability-of-positive-secrecy-capacity-versus-pm-22vukcqg.png Fig. 2 The probability of positive secrecy capacity versus Pm for selected values of Pw values with fixed values of α= 2 and µm = µw = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-system-model-with-two-legitimate-2y8vclxk.png Fig. 1 Illustration of system model with two legitimate transceivers (Alice and Bob) and one eavesdropper (Eve). https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-maximal-ratio-combining-over-5170k8ya20 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bep-for-bpsk-for-the-two-fading-schemes-2fchzqp2.png Fig. 3. BEP for BPSK for the two fading schemes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ergodic-capacity-as-a-function-of-the-average-4cjiccvr.png Fig. 2. Ergodic capacity as a function of the average transmitted SNR for the two different fading schemes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-outage-probability-as-a-function-of-the-average-3i67obyc.png Fig. 1. Outage Probability as a function of the average transmitted SNR for the two fading schemes (z0 = 1). https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-power-generating-sludge-combustion-47499rev9k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-the-economic-parameters-on-the-limiting-3fkezen5.png Figure 6. Effect of the economic parameters on the limiting value for heat and electricity price ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-elementary-compositions-and-heating-values-for-the-1cm4da8e.png Table 1. Elementary compositions and heating values for the dry solids of sludge and biofuel (wood chips). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wtchp-plant-1-dryer-2-combustion-reactor-3-heat-jzmixi5t.png Figure 1. WtCHP plant (1 dryer, 2 combustion reactor, 3 heat recovery section, 4 turbogenerator, 5 district heating heat exchanger, and 6 feed water tank). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-three-categories-of-social-acceptance-according-to-130nq4am.png Table 4. Three categories of social acceptance according to Wüstenhagen et al. [23]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-design-specifications-of-the-studied-plants-1isgr8ve.png Table 2. Design specifications of the studied plants. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-probabilistic-flooding-using-random-3qn1ftzpjs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rm-and-rt-as-a-function-of-n-for-various-values-of-2a5culqr.png Figure 1. RM and Rt as a function of N for various values of p. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-the-chena-binary-geothermal-power-10ydk3aq4i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-process-flow-diagram-of-orc-system-utilising-1napc36m.png Figure 1: Process Flow Diagram of ORC System Utilising Geothermal Heat Source https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-condenser-t-q-diagram-35wg26vh.png Figure 5: Condenser T-Q diagram https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-shrinkage-linear-complex-valued-lms-411mw7c4x0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-evolutions-of-s2er-and-s-2-ei-for-different-s2e-l-0-95-3he0exg5.png Fig. 1. Evolutions of σ2er and σ 2 ei for different σ2η , λ = 0.95 and θ = 3. (a) independent Gaussian input; (b) correlated input. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-selective-opportunistic-spectrum-2pu6alr2mc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-packet-loss-condition-analysis-in-spectrum-sensing-1bwx03rb.png TABLE I PACKET LOSS CONDITION ANALYSIS IN SPECTRUM SENSING WITH TRAFFIC PREDICTION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-generic-selective-spectrum-sensing-and-access-cycle-3097f7aj.png Fig. 1. Generic selective spectrum-sensing and access cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-plrs-for-an-increasing-number-of-primary-channels-376e8lbq.png Fig. 4. PLRs for an increasing number of primary channels (under a fixed sensing time threshold value; S = 4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plrs-for-an-increasing-threshold-value-under-a-fixed-oj0dv7fu.png Fig. 3. PLRs for an increasing threshold value (under a fixed number of primary channels; N = 20). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-a-the-renewal-process-for-a-primary-system-1y1gxoy8.png Fig. 2. Example of (a) the renewal process for a primary system and (b) the SU sensing process in a time slot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-throughput-for-an-increasing-number-of-primary-37a9wecj.png Fig. 5. Average throughput for an increasing number of primary channels (under a fixed sensing and handoff time; ts + th = 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-throughput-in-each-time-slot-for-an-increasing-3pws2s9d.png Fig. 6. Average throughput in each time slot for an increasing sensing and handoff time (under a fixed number of primary channels; N = 20). https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-the-differential-pulse-width-pair-2ycl6ieec9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-the-dpp-botda-processed-bgs-at-the-center-of-3jzklbb1.png Figure 3. Left: The DPP-BOTDA processed BGS at the center of the 30 cm hotspot(at 35 °C) using the log normalized gain (blue) and linearly normalized gain (red), exhibiting a noticeable BFS difference; Middle: The BGS at the center of the 6 m hotspot at the same temperature as to that of 30 cm, BFSs of the two methods appear to be same; Right: BFS linearity of both processes showing log-gain as better fit to the temperature change from 5 to 70 °C, the zoomed section further clarifies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-the-bfs-along-the-30-cm-hotspot-using-the-log-2g0dernt.png Figure 2. Left: The BFS along the 30 cm hotspot using the log (solid) and linear (dashed) normalizations, exhibiting a BFS difference as big as 2 MHz; Right: The BFS around the 6 m hotspot where results of the two methods appear to be much closer together with small deviation towards the end of segment, see Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-setup-for-the-dpp-botda-dfb-ld-3g1psd3g.png Figure 1. Experimental setup for the DPP-BOTDA: - DFB-LD: Distributed feedback laser diode; PC: polarization controller; PS: polarization switch; IS: isolator; ATT: Attenuator; FUT: fiber under test; EOM: electro optic modulator; FBG: Fiber Bragg grating filter; PD: photo diode; EDFA: Erbium-doped fiber amplifier; RF: Radio frequency. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-using-the-next-generation-australian-46kodkcy5k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-one-test-vehicle-5mz6ad3b.png Fig. 3. Hardware and software setup used https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-statistics-for-low-density-urban-environment-2nkqvqth.png TABLE II - STATISTICS FOR LOW-DENSITY URBAN ENVIRONMENT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-ppp-results-low-density-urban-environment-35amgpjz.png Fig. 10. PPP results low-density urban environment https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-statistics-for-high-density-urban-environment-97ze6w8s.png TABLE III - STATISTICS FOR HIGH-DENSITY URBAN ENVIRONMENT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-dfmc-results-low-density-urban-environment-16r2fmmw.png Fig. 9. DFMC results, low-density urban environment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sbas-test-bed-infrastructure-3e44vt90.png Fig. 1. SBAS test-bed infrastructure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-north-east-errors-in-sbas-dfmc-positioning-for-the-2bigj9hz.png Fig. 11. North-East errors in SBAS DFMC positioning for the two vehicles (top two panels) and their difference (bottom panel) – units are in (m) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-testing-that-the-vehicle-is-in-a-specific-lane-2hm92fdz.png Table IV: TESTING THAT THE VEHICLE IS IN A SPECIFIC LANE (AVERAGE OVERALL CONCLUSION) https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-variable-smart-grid-traffic-over-ad-49m3ltw8v2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-and-median-ete-delay-for-ami-application-traffic-p4dnk6qx.png Fig. 3. Mean and median ETE delay for AMI application traffic on varying grid sizes using OLSR and HWMP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-traffic-characteristics-1ij8wgpt.png TABLE 1. TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-3-by-3-nan-based-ad-hoc-wireless-mesh-network-13440nc7.png Fig. 1. A 3 by 3 NAN based ad hoc Wireless Mesh Network https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-node-and-routing-protocol-parameters-26exg7j1.png TABLE 2. NODE AND ROUTING PROTOCOL PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-vehicular-optical-camera-dadsr1b5r5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-spectral-efficiency-vs-aoi-at-target-ber-o1fiwdcu.png Fig. 6. Comparison of spectral efficiency vs AoI at target BER of 10−4 and 10−5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-latency-vs-aoi-at-target-ber-of-10-4-and-35jyfttx.png Fig. 7. Comparison of latency vs AoI at target BER of 10−4 and 10−5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-between-occ-pd-and-rf-1mpskbw6.png TABLE I COMPARISON BETWEEN OCC, PD, AND RF https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proposed-system-model-of-vehicular-optical-camera-29c8efuh.png Fig. 1. Proposed system model of vehicular optical camera communication. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ber-vs-distance-for-different-modulation-schemes-28ecfst7.png Fig. 3. BER vs distance for different modulation schemes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-inter-vehicular-distance-measurement-14-and-b-los-3fkvmirs.png Fig. 2. (a) Inter-vehicular distance measurement [14] and (b) LOS channel model of OCC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-spectral-efficiency-vs-distance-at-26901w12.png Fig. 5. Comparison of spectral efficiency vs distance at target BER of 10−4 and 10−5. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-zf-and-mmse-equalizers-for-mimo-2ig3melleh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-inrs-in-the-output-of-mmse-with-input-snr-equal-to-20-3gxse8rx.png Fig. 2. INRs in the output of MMSE with input SNR equal to 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 dB. The results are based on 104 Monte Carlo trials of the channel matrix. M = 5, N = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-quantile-quantile-plots-for-m-n-2n-1-esnr-the-range-of-1wugx62x.png Fig. 1. Quantile-quantile plots for M−N+2N−1 ηsnr. The range of the quantiles is 1% - 99%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-outage-probabilities-p-zfout-1-p-mmse-out-1-p-zf-out-1qzn03iu.png Fig. 6. Outage probabilities P zfout,1, P mmse out,1 , P zf out,min, and P mmse out,min. The solid lines are the true values and the dash lines are lower bounds. M = N = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-outage-probabilities-p-zfout-min-and-p-mmse-out-min-zf-3fr9e77m.png Fig. 7. Outage probabilities P zfout,min, and P mmse out,min, ZF-VB and MMSE-VB with optimal ordering. The dash lines are the lower bounds P zfout,min and P mmse https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-outage-probabilities-p-zfout-1-p-mmse-out-1-p-zf-out-1ruivzp9.png Fig. 5. Outage probabilities P zfout,1, P mmse out,1 , P zf out,min, and P mmse out,min. The solid lines are the true values and the dash lines are lower bounds. M = N = 3. The result is obtained via averaging over 106 Monte Carlo trials of the channel matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-outage-probabilities-of-zf-given-in-51-represented-by-2lnij9qm.png Fig. 4. Outage probabilities of ZF given in (51) (represented by dashed lines) and MMSE via Monte Carlo trials (+) and high SNR approximation given in (52) (solid line). M = 6, N = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-error-probabilities-of-zf-given-in-39-and-mmse-monte-159jzcms.png Fig. 3. Error probabilities of ZF given in (39) and MMSE (Monte Carlo trials and high SNR approximation given in (46)). M = N = 4. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-and-application-of-heavy-ion-nuclear-microbeam-eop66bf8de 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-schematic-drawing-of-the-formation-of-microlenses-in-1gc6fpw0.png FIG. 9. Schematic drawing of the formation of microlenses in PDMS due to heavy ion microbeam irradiation. Annuli were irradiated along spiral paths, and the material suffers compaction where it is irradiated. The un-irradiated circles within each annulus bend due to the rubbery nature of the material, thus spherical objects form. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scheme-of-the-nuclear-microbeam-channel-shorthand-x2gooxjr.png FIG. 2. Scheme of the nuclear microbeam channel. Shorthand notation: SM—switching magnet; V—valve; VF—fast-acting automatic valve; D—correction coil; M—vacuum meter; S0—preliminary slits; S1—object collimator; S2—angular collimator; VC—viewing chamber; K—videocamera; F—Faraday cup; DF—fast deflector; SS—scanning system; L—magnetic quadrupole lens; and T—target chamber. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-graphene-oxide-foil-modified-by-a-1-2-mev-he-ion-beam-2c4fndpx.png FIG. 8. Graphene oxide foil modified by a 1.2 MeV He+ ion beam. The line width is about 20 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-inside-view-of-the-target-chamber-1-ion-beam-entrance-3ntjpwli.png FIG. 3. Inside view of the target chamber: (1)—ion beam entrance, RBS detector, optical microscope without magnification and LED, UV, IR lamps; (2)— optical microscope with magnification×160; (3)—inlet for illumination cables; (4)— Faraday cup and STIM detector; (5)—socket for a glow lamp without a glass bulb; (6)—inlet for RBS detector cable; and (7)—PIXE detector. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-and-cost-evaluation-of-an-adaptive-encryption-3dwy7kokqi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-workload-trend-in-terms-of-committed-transactions-per-324k0fpd.png Fig. 11. Workload trend in terms of committed transactions per day (and month) during a year for a typical e-commerce workload. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-billing-costs-of-the-dynamic-th2-scenario-in-the-2y24qo35.png Fig. 14. Billing costs of the DYNAMIC (þ2%) scenario in the three years period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-expected-price-reductions-for-amazon-rds-from-march-1y1uv3yb.png Fig. 12. Expected price reductions for Amazon RDS from March 2014 to February 2017. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-expected-storage-usage-in-the-dynamic-th2-scenario-r98a6lao.png Fig. 13. Expected storage usage in the DYNAMIC (þ2%) scenario for the upcoming three years. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cost-evaluation-of-cloud-database-services-for-one-13w4qtqv.png TABLE 4 Cost Evaluation of Cloud Database Services for One Billing Period (Month) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-monthly-costs-increases-for-different-combinations-lkp0f3qi.png TABLE 5 Monthly Costs Increases for Different Combinations of Plaintext Storage and Network Usages https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-encrypted-cloud-database-architecture-1698rgnu.png Fig. 1. Encrypted cloud database architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tpc-c-throughput-with-5-clients-hgiv19qd.png Fig. 5. TPC-C throughput with 5 clients. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-and-endocrine-responses-to-differing-ratios-of-2rqw1gh43q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-of-respective-training-interventions-on-1ayqwjth.png Table 3. Effects of respective training interventions on testosterone, cortisol and testosterone:cortisol (T:C) ratio. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-participants-baseline-maximal-strength-lower-body-1ufr7uw1.png Table 2. Participant’s baseline maximal strength, lower body power and maximal 1 aerobic capacity. 2 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-programme-variables-within-periodized-resistance-tsj7c958.png Table 1. Programme variables within periodized resistance training intervention. 1 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-participants-basal-lean-mass-1-2-1wnyj7ch.png Table 4. Participant’s basal lean mass. 1 2 https://scispace.com/papers/performance-and-flow-fields-of-a-supersonic-axial-turbine-at-2yggrhoehh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-supersonic-turbine-geometry-qbqragp4.png Table 1 Supersonic turbine geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-turbine-geometry-under-investigation-10-3rek6sqj.png Fig. 2 Turbine geometry under investigation [10]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-relative-mach-number-at-the-rotor-outlet-at-a-design-b-2e4zqbpb.png Fig. 9 Relative Mach number at the rotor outlet at (a) design, (b) medium, and (c) low operating conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-isentropic-mach-number-distribution-at-the-stator-17igdrjj.png Fig. 8 Isentropic Mach number distribution at the stator midspan with different operating conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-isentropic-mach-number-distribution-along-the-turbine-3jx4cau7.png Fig. 4 Isentropic Mach number distribution along the turbine blade surface. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-efficiency-of-different-components-in-the-turbine-29d7cf7c.png Table 3 Efficiency of different components in the turbine stage. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-percentage-of-boundary-layer-losses-at-the-stator-1ajdjw7q.png Table 4 Percentage of boundary layer losses at the stator surfaces (total losses 100%). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-percentage-of-boundary-layer-losses-at-the-rotor-a2yml3sm.png Table 5 Percentage of boundary layer losses at the rotor surfaces (total losses 100%). https://scispace.com/papers/performance-and-energy-effects-on-task-based-parallelized-4gldqrvu47 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mercurium-source-to-source-input-top-and-output-bottom-6gm7cr9s.png Fig. 3 Mercurium source-to-source input (top) and output (bottom). Redundant instructions are combined by the Backend. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-streamcluster-l1d-cache-total-accesses-total-misses-2ozz4ek3.png Fig. 10 Streamcluster L1D cache total accesses, total misses (left Y axis) and miss rate (right Y axis). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-streamcluster-power-dissipation-left-y-axis-and-1j3kikjt.png Fig. 9 Streamcluster power dissipation (left Y axis) and speedup/energy reduction factor (right Y axis) for different core count and SIMD instruction sets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-all-benchmarks-instruction-count-reduction-it-does-not-1qy4mcam.png Fig. 4 All benchmarks instruction count reduction. It does not change with thread count, thus, only the configuration with a 6-thread configuration is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-canneal-l1d-cache-total-accesses-total-misses-left-y-1oq4b971.png Fig. 8 Canneal L1D cache total accesses, total misses (left Y axis) and miss rate (right Y axis). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-canneal-power-dissipation-left-y-axis-and-speedup-kfmp70qv.png Fig. 7 Canneal power dissipation (left Y axis) and speedup/energy reduction factor (right Y axis) for different core count and SIMD instruction sets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-all-benchmarks-l2-total-access-count-miss-count-other-31ys7rhl.png Fig. 14 All benchmarks L2 total access count, miss count, other type of access count and miss ratio with 6-thread configuration with prefetching mechanisms disabled. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-all-benchmarks-l2-total-access-count-miss-count-other-a4s7ludu.png Fig. 13 All benchmarks L2 total access count, miss count, other type of access count and miss ratio with 6-thread configuration with prefetching mechanisms enabled. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-and-engine-out-emissions-evaluation-of-the-1owd0ozyyb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-operating-conditions-tested-to-evaluate-the-effect-stymxgcm.png Table 3. Operating conditions tested to evaluate the effect of dwell and oxygen concentration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-image-of-the-modified-cylinder-head-with-spark-plug-bpsd9sm5.png Figure 1. Image of the modified cylinder head with spark plug and injector hole (left). Diagram of the relative position between the injector and spark plug (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-crank-angle-evolution-of-the-mass-flow-rate-m7yzqrsk.png Figure 6. Crank angle evolution of the mass flow rate, unburned gas temperature, in-cylinder pressure, and rate of heat released for the double injection strategy. Main injection timing fixed at -9 CAD and pilot injection timing as shown in legend. Intake XO2 = 19.6% for all cases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-soot-nox-co-and-hc-results-for-the-double-injection-wkf7k3bz.png Figure 7. Soot, NOx, CO and HC results for the double injection strategy and the single injection strategy reference case (dashed line). Main injection timing fixed at -9 CAD and pilot injection timing swept from -31 to -16 CAD in steps of 3 CAD https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fuel-mass-distribution-vs-ph-at-the-spark-discharge-1r666jnv.png Figure 4. Fuel mass Distribution vs. φ at the spark discharge time. Pilot injection: -25 CAD, Main injection: -9 CAD https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fece-impg-imep-and-isfc-results-for-the-double-1m3jejyq.png Figure 5. FeCE, IMPG, IMEP and ISFC results for the double injection strategy and the single injection strategy reference case (dashed line). Main injection timing fixed at -9 CAD and pilot injection timing swept from -31 to -16 CAD in steps of 3 CAD https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-operating-conditions-for-the-mass-distribution-sweep-2ooeige6.png Table 4. Operating conditions for the mass distribution sweep using the double injection strategy https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-characteristics-single-cylinder-engine-4myqzm09.png Table 1. Main characteristics: single cylinder engine, injection system and fuel https://scispace.com/papers/performance-assessment-of-respiratory-viral-elite-mgb-r-40rcziytbp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-obtained-from-statistical-analyses-of-two-1188pidr.png TABLE 2. Results obtained from statistical analyses of two methods comparisons. 290 https://scispace.com/papers/performance-aspects-of-data-transfer-in-a-new-networked-i-o-3n8tuup2l3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-networked-device-driver-architecture-all-device-1vjz9uey.png Figure 1. The networked device driver architecture. All device and network-related processing are encapsulated within the networked device driver, which operates on each side of the network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-performance-of-pipes-versus-that-of-shared-memory-1u5zdnuw.png Figure 2. Performance of pipes versus that of shared memory. For each of the pipes and shared memory methods, measurements are shown for two situations: a single transformation module and eight transformation modules. Additional transformation module pairs increase the performance difference between pipes and shared memory by approximately 2%. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-characteristics-of-a-conceptual-ring-shaped-spar-1pty4tquc4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-statistics-of-the-motion-responses-for-the-vlfs-with-q9ycio5c.png Table 5 Statistics of the motion responses for the VLFS with different breakwaters (100-year). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-details-of-the-ring-shaped-vlfs-4vf953ys.png Table 1 Main details of the ring-shaped VLFS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-wave-energy-loss-coefficients-for-different-cases-3bdyretz.png Table 6 Wave energy loss coefficients for different cases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-wave-test-cases-hs-significant-wave-height-tp-peak-1t8fffyg.png Table 2 Wave test cases. (Hs: significant wave height; Tp: peak wave period.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-wave-run-up-coefficients-for-different-cases-2xb7pnuj.png Table 7 Wave run-up coefficients for different cases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-results-determined-by-free-decay-tests-3v2qykdl.png Table 3 The results determined by free decay tests. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-characterization-of-high-and-low-power-prism-52981p89qv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-normalized-lasing-spectrums-demonstrating-the-tuning-7cezg452.png Fig. 1 Normalized lasing spectrums demonstrating the tuning window of (a) low-power and (b) high-power SIL-ECDL systems along with the corresponding extracted values of the SMSR and Δ𝜆. Summary of the performance of (c) low-power and (d) high-power SIL-ECDL systems as a function of operating temperature, in terms of tunability (black inverted triangles), SMSR (blue closed circles), and linewidth (magenta closed squares). Performance of high-power SIL-ECDL system stability for three locked mode cases; 447.5 nm at 130mA and 20oC (green), 444.97 nm 130mA and 30oC (violet) and 450.60 nm at 390 mA and 40oC (red); in terms of (e) peak wavelength, (f) integrated power (circle) and the SMSR (triangles). https://scispace.com/papers/performance-characteristics-of-mm5-smoke-cmaq-for-a-summer-52906fhhs2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-comparison-of-measured-and-modelled-time-series-of-w7ahkgo6.png Fig. 8. (a) Comparison of measured and modelled time series of PM2.5 mass concentrations at Harwell, Rochester and London Bloomsbury sites; (b) measured versus modelled hourly PM2.5 mass concentration; 1:2, 1:1 and 2:1 reference lines are provided. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-statistics-of-modelled-surface-no2-27n4y7xr.png Table 3 Performance statistics of modelled surface NO2 concentrations (ppb) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-four-nested-cmaq-modelling-domains-b-the-3-kmgrid-3qmtmm89.png Fig. 1. (a) Four nested CMAQ modelling domains; (b) the 3 kmgrid CMAQ domain marked with locations of UK Hourly Weather Observation sites, UK Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN) sites and London Air Quality Network (LAQN) observation sites used for model evaluation. 1—London Bloomsbury (Urban Centre), 2—London Teddington (Urban Background), 3—London Hillingdon (Suburban), 4—Sevenoaks (Urban Background), 5—Croydon (Suburban). https://scispace.com/papers/performance-characteristics-of-the-spiky-central-receiver-1q8b7hxzd0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-15-illustration-of-the-heat-transfer-assumption-3ecm7cir.png Figure 2.15: Illustration of the heat transfer assumption that the rectangular outer ducts convect heat inwards via the duct width w (approximately an element of the inner tube’s outer surface). The inner tube convects heat over the entire surface 2πri. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-dimensions-of-the-scrap-receiver-for-reference-3cozv5oo.png Table 2.1: Dimensions of the SCRAP receiver for reference design https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-4-friction-coefficients-x-applied-to-computation-of-3qkktdy4.png Table 2.4: Friction coefficients ξ applied to computation of pressure drop at spike tip https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-9-contour-plot-of-simulated-temperature-profile-3jcbxn0q.png Figure 4.9: Contour plot of simulated temperature profile along fin center in heated section for ṁair = 0.0390 kg/s. The y-axis shows the depth in the fin with 0 being the outer surface exposed to the steam. Experimental results are shown above the respective black circles, indicating the position of the measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-10-contour-plot-of-simulated-temperature-profile-gm1pau36.png Figure 4.10: Contour plot of simulated temperature profile along fin center in heated section for ṁair = 0.0907 kg/s. The y-axis shows the depth in the fin with 0 being the outer surface exposed to the steam. Experimental results are shown above the respective black circles, indicating the position of the measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-12-the-effect-of-the-nozzle-diameter-dnozzle-onto-lxy628lk.png Figure 5.12: The effect of the nozzle diameter, dnozzle onto the pressure drop over the nozzle as well as the turn in flow direction by 180°. radiative heat loss of the investigated spike to ambient, Q̇rad,loss/Q̇rad,abs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-6-flux-along-a-spike-for-identical-heliostat-field-1int4o80.png Figure 2.6: Flux along a spike for identical heliostat field density of 50 %. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-12-scrap-receiver-left-half-in-cross-section-kroger-vh7i5pj7.png Figure 1.12: SCRAP receiver (left half in cross-section) (Kröger, 2008) https://scispace.com/papers/performance-comparison-of-scheduling-algorithms-for-iptv-3hujlc5i96 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-burst-blocking-probability-3k8f7wfl.png Figure 5: Comparison of burst blocking probability. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-theoretical-and-simulation-blocking-dmn8e6z9.png Figure 6: Comparison of theoretical and simulation blocking probability. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-paton-architecture-29b82jky.png Figure 1: PATON architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-architecture-of-the-trace-capture-system-hur8syti.png Figure 2: Architecture of the trace capture system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-synchronous-round-robin-and-synchronous-shifted-3iow34dt.png Figure 4: Synchronous Round Robin and Synchronous Shifted Round Robin algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-first-fit-and-round-robin-scheduling-algorithms-i9mfter5.png Figure 3: First Fit and Round Robin scheduling algorithms. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-comparison-of-graphene-nanoribbon-fets-with-7l4wx667zg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-effect-of-edge-roughness-a-atomistic-configuration-of-16o4zbd6.png Fig. 8. Effect of edge roughness. (a) Atomistic configuration of a simulated GNR channel in the presence of edge roughness. ID−VG characteristics of (b) the SBFET and (c) the MOSFET with the GNR channel shown in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effect-of-a-lattice-vacancy-along-the-channel-width-3ikex0y1.png Fig. 7. Effect of a lattice vacancy along the channel width direction. ID−VG of (a) SBFETs and (c) MOSFETs in the presence of a single lattice vacancy. The vacancy is located at different positions along the width direction: (solid line) near edge, (dash–dot line) at center, and (dashed line) between the two, as shown in the inset of (c). The position of the defect along the transport direction is close to the source. Energy-resolved current spectrum for (b) SBFETs and (d) MOSFETs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-histogram-of-ion-for-sbfets-in-the-presence-of-edge-12yhqj5k.png Fig. 10. Histogram of Ion for SBFETs in the presence of edge roughness of GNR by adding or removing carbon atoms with probability P = 0.05. One-hundred samples are randomly generated and simulated. The mean is 6.36 µA, the median is 6.31 µA, and the standard deviation is 2 µA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-ldos-at-the-off-state-vg-0-v-and-vd-vdd-for-a-the-2nx6g6mr.png Fig. 9. LDOS at the OFF state (VG = 0 V and VD = VDD) for (a) the SBFET and (c) the MOSFET with the GNR channel of Fig. 8(a). Energy-resolved current spectrum at the ON state (VG = VD = VDD) for (b) the SBFET and (d) the MOSFET. The solid lines in (a) and (c) show the band profiles of ideal transistors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulated-device-structure-a-sbfet-with-metal-contacts-1dhvj42q.png Fig. 1. Simulated device structure. (a) SBFET with metal contacts. (b) MOSFET with doped source and drain extensions. The SiO2 gate insulator is 1.5 nm thick with a relative dielectric constant κ = 3.9. N = 12 A-GNR is used as a channel material, which is 15 nm long and 1.35 nm wide, and the bandgap is Eg ≈ 0.6 eV. The SB height in (a) is a half band gap. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-effect-of-a-positive-ionized-impurity-id-vg-of-a-1rfcethh.png Fig. 11. Effect of a positive ionized impurity. ID−VG of (a) SBFETs and (b) MOSFETs in the presence of an ionized impurity, in (left axis) a log scale and in (right axis) a linear scale. The impurity is located in the middle of the GNR width direction and at the different positions along the transport direction. Li ion is used as impurity, which has +0.4q at 1.84 Å away from the GNR surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-conduction-band-profile-along-the-channel-position-k6rjg406.png Fig. 12. Conduction band profile along the channel position for (a) SBFETs and (c) MOSFETs in the presence of a positive ionized impurity at the ON state. Energy-resolved current spectrum for (b) the SBFET and (d) the MOSFET in the presence of a positive ionized impurity near the source. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-cutoff-frequency-ft-versus-vg-b-intrinsic-delay-t-2z07orlo.png Fig. 4. (a) Cutoff frequency fT versus VG. (b) Intrinsic delay τ versus Ion/Ioff . MOSFETs can have higher cutoff frequency and smaller intrinsic delay than SBFETs. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-comparison-of-spectral-wave-models-based-on-49niha6rh3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-bottom-contours-of-the-barred-beach-for-the-3imsymgn.png Figure 8. Bottom contours of the barred beach for the numerical computation (4:00 AM, on 10 October 1990). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-three-spectral-wave-model-1tuade9e.png Table 1. Summary of the three spectral wave model capabilities. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-of-absolute-relative-errors-of-wave-height-by-31ewb02h.png Table 4. Mean of absolute relative errors (%) of wave height by the three wave models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-significant-wave-heights-of-the-field-measurement-2yajnty6.png Figure 9. Significant wave heights of the field measurement (Birkemeier et al., 1997) and computational results by the three models (Case D1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-diffraction-coefficient-along-the-three-transects-2fmk8lke.png Figure 4. Diffraction coefficient along the three transects from the experimental data (Briggs et al., 1995) and from the computational results of the three models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sketch-of-the-experimental-setup-briggs-et-al-1995-2yxbe9ou.png Figure 3. Sketch of the experimental setup (Briggs et al., 1995). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sketch-of-the-experimental-setup-vincent-and-briggs-23t2zhtp.png Figure 5. Sketch of the experimental setup (Vincent and Briggs, 1989). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-test-conditions-of-the-selected-cases-of-delilah-4rupcvbn.png Table 3. Test conditions of the selected cases of DELILAH experiment. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-driven-measurement-system-design-for-structural-57tlbupndx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-initial-model-set-organized-in-a-n-parameter-grid-15sltfvc.png Figure 4. Initial model set organized in a n-parameter grid used to explore the space of possible solutions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-qualitative-reasoning-formulation-used-to-include-2h8bt8u9.png Figure 3. Qualitative reasoning formulation used to include the uncertainty associated with uncertainty dependencies Reprinted from Goulet and Smith (2012) with permission from ASCE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-bridge-cross-section-detail-ksluwia5.png Figure 10. Bridge cross-section detail https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-langensand-bridge-elevation-representation-2fhcfkkf.png Figure 9. Langensand Bridge elevation representation. Reprinted with permission from the ASCE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-multi-objective-optimization-results-for-the-1p6jqf4j.png Figure 13. Multi-objective optimization results for the Langensand Bridge. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-optimized-measurement-configurations-are-shown-by-a-34vtg4y5.png Table 3. Optimized measurement configurations are shown by a vertical set of symbols for a given sensor type and location. The cost of the load-test along with the expected number of candidate models computed for certainty of 95% are reported for each configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-of-how-the-performance-of-a-measurement-3ojguqnb.png Figure 5. Example of how the performance of a measurement system is computed using the number of candidate models obtained from simulated measurements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-an-example-of-the-growth-in-the-number-of-1jfumoh9.png Figure 8. An example of the growth in the number of iterations required by the Greedy algorithm compared with the solution space growth. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-enhancement-with-speculative-execution-based-24iyoxhy60 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-exploded-view-of-the-data-presented-in-figures-150c895p.png Figure 8: The “exploded” view of the data presented in figures 6 and 7 (arrays of 10,000 strings). Compared with the integer data presented in figure 4, the result space is much smoother everywhere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-potential-speedup-on-input-of-an-xml-encoded-array-24jalzcn.png Figure 6: Potential speedup on input of an XML-encoded array of 10,000 lengthy strings as a function of number of threads simulated. Compared to the integer array examined in figure 2, the results here are smoother and exhibit greater overall speedup, even in the worst case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-potential-piximal-speedup-on-arrays-of-10000-5dgwtlgh.png Figure 7: Potential PIXIMAL speedup on arrays of 10,000 strings as a function of split point chosen. The contrast with integer arrays (figure 3) is more stark here. The results are much more regular, with a clear peak around 26%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-effect-of-scaling-up-the-size-of-a-string-array-11x29hhl.png Figure 11: Effect of scaling up the size of a string array SOAPencoded in XML on potential scalability in PIXIMAL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-effect-of-scaling-up-the-size-of-an-integer-array-1ibuywbu.png Figure 10: Effect of scaling up the size of an integer array SOAP-encoded in XML on potential scalability in PIXIMAL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-histogram-of-state-usage-for-arrays-of-10000-3vrk9iqw.png Figure 9: Histogram of state usage for arrays of 10,000 lengthy strings. The underlying reason for the more regular speedup for arrays of strings over arrays of integers is apparent: most characters in this input are in PCDATA sections (state 7), thus a given NFA is much more likely to start at a character in the input and its execution paths will quickly collapse when a < character is encountered. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-effect-of-scaling-up-the-size-of-a-mios-mesh-2k7bwnwi.png Figure 12: Effect of scaling up the size of a MIOs (mesh interface objects) array SOAP-encoded in XML on potential scalability in PIXIMAL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-comparison-of-overall-parse-times-when-running-1d4xbodn.png Figure 13: Comparison of overall parse times when running PIXIMAL concurrently with two different malloc(3) implementations, GNU libc 2.7 and Google’s Thread Caching malloc. The XML input for this case encodes an array of 25,000 strings. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-evaluation-and-optimization-of-a-two-stage-okrv4t5ohk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-simulation-vs-approximation-results-for-inventory-on-33i94i5f.png Table 2 Simulation vs. approximation results for inventory on order and inventory cost https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-simulation-vs-approximation-results-for-fill-rate-2jtmlqwl.png Table 3 Simulation vs. approximation results for fill rate and inventory cost with optimal R* https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulation-vs-approximation-results-for-production-mrvgh2qq.png Table 1 Simulation vs. approximation results for production lead-time Ls and order-to-delivery time L https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-system-topology-1ytd6y7h.png Fig. 1. The system topology https://scispace.com/papers/performance-evaluation-of-a-lossy-transmission-lines-based-3zb0vfqd1z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-mean-values-of-the-sensitivity-26-36-ghz-for-an-2bfhfi6g.png TABLE IV. Mean values of the sensitivity (26–36 GHz) for an input power of −32 dBm and the input power for 1-dB compression point of the detector at 31 GHz working at 15 K for different current bias applied to the diode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-basic-detector-schematic-including-the-matching-313n837g.png FIG. 5. Basic detector schematic including the matching network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-detector-schematic-including-the-lossy-transmission-16oxuvm1.png FIG. 6. Detector schematic including the lossy transmission line matching network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-photograph-of-the-square-law-detector-size-10-5-mm-x-2-urfn51zk.png FIG. 8. Photograph of the square-law detector. Size: 10.5 mm × 2.7 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-square-law-detector-schematic-38ab8xsr.png FIG. 7. Square-law detector schematic. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-input-matching-of-the-detector-at-room-temperature-300-1s4je0u0.png FIG. 9. Input matching of the detector at room temperature (300 K) in red line compared to simulation results in black line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-sensitivity-versus-input-power-for-a-continuous-wave-11ucipv8.png FIG. 11. Sensitivity versus input power for a continuous wave input signal of 26 GHz, 31 GHz, and 36 GHz. (a) Zero-bias at 300 K ambient temperature. (b) Different diode bias currents at 15 K ambient temperature for a continuous wave input signal of 31 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-detector-sensitivity-versus-frequency-a-measurement-3helge87.png FIG. 10. Detector sensitivity versus frequency. (a) Measurement (red) zero-bias for a continuous wave input signal of −30 dBm compared to simulation (black) at room temperature 300 K. (b) Measurement (green, blue, and red) for a continuous wave input signal of −32 dBm with different diode bias currents compared to simulations (black) at 15 K ambient temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-evaluation-of-an-energy-tuning-assembly-for-2mkvv8volc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-foil-characteristics-for-all-three-measurements-141cohew.png Table 1 Foil characteristics for all three measurements performed. The shorthand used is 1 = normalization foils, 2 = source spectrum measurement foils, and 3 = ETA spectrum measurement foils. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-0-from-foils-exposed-to-the-unmodified-33-mev-206affxd.png Table 2 𝐴0 from foils exposed to the unmodified 33 MeV deuteron breakup on Ta source spectrum with 64.32 mC of integrated current delivered over 7861 s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cross-sectional-view-of-the-mcnp-model-of-the-3alwpozh.png Fig. 5. Cross-sectional view of the MCNP model of the experimental configuration for the ETA measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measured-0-and-simulated-0-reaction-product-yields-1sp6s6sf.png Table 3 Measured, 𝐴0, and simulated, 𝐴0,𝑠𝑖𝑚 reaction product yields from foils exposed to the ETA modified 33 MeV deuteron breakup on Ta source spectrum with 760.34 mC of integrated current. All simulated results have less than 1% statistical uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-eta-designed-to-generate-a-thermonuclear-plus-prompt-3ake0cb8.png Fig. 1. ETA designed to generate a thermonuclear plus prompt fission spectrum at the National Ignition Facility [13]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-the-staysl-unfolded-deuteron-breakup-880chgms.png Fig. 6. Comparison of the STAYSL unfolded deuteron breakup source and the MCNP simulated ETA modified spectrum, which used the unfolded deuteron breakup source spectrum as the input source. The inset shows the same comparison on a log energy scale to highlight the changes at low energy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-irdff-v1-05-cross-section-data-for-the-reactions-used-28s48yn7.png Fig. 7. IRDFF v1.05 cross-section data for the reactions used in the STAYSL unfold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-representation-of-the-88-inch-cyclotron-3e8y761q.png Fig. 3. Schematic representation of the 88-Inch Cyclotron vault and beam line to Cave 0. The Cave 0 experimental end station is comprised of two enclosures, Cave 0-1 and Cave 0- 2, separated by a lead-lined door outfitted with a beam port. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-evaluation-of-a-self-organising-scheme-for-multi-413zcxaxzn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-ic-across-the-network-before-red-and-x8t49jht.png Figure 3: Comparison of IC across the network before (red) and after (blue) self-org. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-98-bounds-of-absolute-interference-cost-table-1a-3vuds751.png Table 1: 98% bounds of absolute interference cost (Table 1a: Before Self-Organisation) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-interference-cost-reduction-c19obue2.png Figure 2: Interference Cost Reduction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interference-cost-reduction-as-a-function-of-2ffmr76t.png Figure 1: Interference cost reduction as a function of network density https://scispace.com/papers/performance-evaluation-of-cloud-computing-centers-with-3ygyfeaq26 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notation-used-2nkgvgay.png TABLE 1: Notation used. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-distribution-of-the-relative-errors-for-the-mean-3l22ryq0.png TABLE 4: Distribution of the relative errors for the mean task response time R. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-the-relative-errors-for-the-mean-v5se62qi.png TABLE 2: Distribution of the relative errors for the mean number of tasks L. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-the-relative-errors-for-the-blocking-ll1lkkq7.png TABLE 3: Distribution of the relative errors for the blocking probability pblock. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-distribution-of-the-relative-errors-for-the-server-3h8rl9xf.png TABLE 5: Distribution of the relative errors for the server utilization U . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-a-cloud-center-providing-service-to-remote-35qkx31r.png Fig. 1: Overview of a cloud center providing service to remote users. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-number-of-iterations-till-convergence-in-the-1317fans.png TABLE 6: Number of iterations till convergence in the approximate solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-distributions-of-the-number-of-tasks-p-n-produced-by-fbtq7f5w.png Fig. 5: Distributions of the number of tasks, p(n), produced by the exact and our approximate solutions. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-evaluation-of-cognitive-multi-relay-networks-3rpqid559w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-outage-probability-of-the-cognitive-multiple-relay-2s2xzx9h.png Fig. 4. Outage probability of the cognitive multiple relay system versus 𝑄/𝑁0 for various number of relays, 𝐿, and secondary receivers, 𝐾. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-symbol-error-rate-of-modulation-of-the-cognitive-2kj18vnx.png Fig. 5. Symbol error rate of 𝑄𝑃𝑆𝐾 modulation of the cognitive multiple relay system versus 𝑄/𝑁0 for various number of relays, 𝐿, and secondary receivers, 𝐾. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-symbol-error-rate-of-modulation-of-the-cognitive-3daf75dq.png Fig. 3. Symbol error rate of 𝑄𝑃𝑆𝐾 modulation of the cognitive multiple relay system versus 𝑄/𝑁0 for various fading severity parameters 𝑚. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-model-of-a-cognitive-multi-relay-network-with-b1folu10.png Fig. 1. System model of a cognitive multi-relay network with multi-receiver scheduling. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-evaluation-of-distributed-systems-based-on-a-35x7hhurvj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-axioms-for-sequential-processes-hgqjt3ur.png Table 1. Axioms for sequential processes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-utilization-of-the-channelk-at-time200-for-3kx5dz8h.png Figure 11. Utilization of the channelK at time200 for unreliability0.5 of the channelL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-performance-measuring-for-discrete-time-1j487o44.png Figure 3. Performance measuring for discrete-time probabilistic reward graphs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-sender-process-inkh-4vpgxe6g.png Figure 5. The sender process inχ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-proposed-process-algebraic-performance-2g671ax3.png Figure 1. The proposed process-algebraic performance evaluation framework https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-generation-of-a-discrete-time-probabilistic-reward-3ikmhfjh.png Figure 6. Generation of a discrete-time probabilistic reward graph from aχ specification https://scispace.com/papers/performance-evaluation-of-full-duplex-energy-harvesting-5f2e611xuv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-throughput-comparison-between-bpsk-and-qpsk-2s1u53e0.png Fig. 4. Throughput comparison between BPSK and QPSK modulations for SNR = 20 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-throughput-comparison-of-half-duplex-energy-harvesting-bq72qk9n.png Fig. 3. Throughput comparison of half-duplex energy harvesting relaying system and full-duplex energy harvesting relaying system using QPSK modulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-full-duplex-relaying-system-model-fig-2-full-duplex-s5w52him.png Fig. 1. Full-duplex relaying system model Fig. 2. Full-duplex TSR protocol for energy harvesting and information processing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-half-duplex-energy-harvesting-relaying-system-vs-full-x40uk7c2.png Fig. 5. Half-duplex energy harvesting relaying system vs. full-duplex energy harvesting relaying system associated with PDC for α = 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-influence-of-a-on-ber-of-full-duplex-energy-harvesting-34j7imnl.png Fig. 6. Influence of α on BER of full-duplex energy harvesting relaying system using QPSK. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-evaluation-of-peer-to-peer-gaming-overlays-19gl13dkdu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-screenshot-of-planet-p4-js81vrqi.png Fig. 1. A screenshot of Planet π4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-high-level-system-architecture-132736dm.png Fig. 2. High level system architecture https://scispace.com/papers/performance-evaluation-of-real-time-scheduling-heuristics-5fnbia78vr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-of-satisfied-deadlines-making-vary-the-3bnju7sh.png Figure 1: Percentage of satisfied deadlines, making vary the processing load for a given battery capacity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-satisfied-deadlines-making-vary-the-37rsnipq.png Figure 2: Percentage of satisfied deadlines, making vary the battery capacity for a given processing load https://scispace.com/papers/performance-evaluation-of-pre-computation-algorithms-for-3e1n6lbwv5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-success-rate-according-to-the-constraint-2j7sgcxo.png Fig. 4. The success rate according to the constraint generation zones in the SYM-CORE topology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-cost-c-according-to-the-constraint-generation-1v33jbre.png Fig. 5. The cost C according to the constraint generation zones in the LatticeSL(25,3) topology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-success-rate-according-to-the-constraint-38q9ut85.png Fig. 3. The success rate according to the constraint generation zones in the LatticeFM (25,3) topology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-cost-c-according-to-the-constraint-generation-1v6zbwrq.png Fig. 6. The cost C according to the constraint generation zones in the LatticeFM(25,3) topology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-cost-c-according-to-the-constraint-generation-120n23w7.png Fig. 7. The cost C according to the constraint generation zones in the SYM-CORE topology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-success-rate-according-to-the-constraint-38wd515y.png Fig. 2. The success rate according to the constraint generation zones in the LatticeSL(25,3) topology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-constraint-generation-zones-for-m-3-pewoqyg4.png Fig. 1. Constraint generation zones for m = 3 https://scispace.com/papers/performance-evaluation-of-source-routing-minimum-cost-32mlhw6ka6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-srmcf-protocol-inside-openwsn-stack-5hq63vos.png Fig. 3. SRMCF protocol inside OpenWSN stack. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-openmote-b-devices-connected-to-the-open-visualizer-1fcn2brv.png Fig. 4. OpenMote B devices connected to the Open Visualizer (identified by their MAC addresses). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-plr-for-test-scenario-2-and-rpl-20ewt2tl.png Table 6. PLR for test scenario 2 and RPL https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-throughput-kb-s-for-test-scenario-2-and-srmcf-1fc8wpzq.png Table 7. Throughput [kb/s] for test scenario 2 and SRMCF https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-throughput-kb-s-for-test-scenario-2-and-rpl-3df63o8c.png Table 8. Throughput [kb/s] for test scenario 2 and RPL https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-plr-for-test-scenario-2-and-srmcf-1y4jybzb.png Table 5. PLR for test scenario 2 and SRMCF https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-openmote-b-devices-from-the-instituto-de-2ytas2da.png Fig. 5. OpenMote B devices from the Instituto de Telecomunicações (IT) of the Universidade da Beira Interior. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-network-setup-phase-in-srmcf-protocols-2ntz0oxw.png Fig. 1. Network setup phase in SRMCF protocols. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-evaluation-of-two-state-of-the-art-dvc-codecs-4vskc2qe8g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rate-distortion-performance-8af1zg40.png Figure 4. Rate-distortion performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-discover-dvc-architecture-1dtvalhh.png Figure 3: DISCOVER DVC architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-tec-process-1xaxda7z.png Figure 2. The TEC process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-spi-dvc-codec-3k4bnaz7.png Figure 1. The SPI-DVC codec https://scispace.com/papers/performance-limitations-of-block-multithreaded-distributed-5byjo6e8n6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-outline-of-a-16-processor-system-255ou1hl.png Figure 8: Outline of a 16–processor system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-processor-utilization-16-processor-system-tcs-1-t-34up1y15.png Figure 4: Processor utilization – 16 processor system; tcs = 1, ℓt = 10, tm = 10, ts = 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-utilization-of-processors-p-and-switches-s-16-2jdgom23.png Figure 5: Utilization of processors (p) and switches (s) – 16 processor system; tcs = 1, ℓt = 10, tm = 10, ts = 10, nt = 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-outline-of-a-16-processor-system-243ymetg.png Figure 1: Outline of a 16–processor system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-outline-of-a-single-multithreaded-processor-3p3i3god.png Figure 2: Outline of a single multithreaded processor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-processor-utilization-16-processor-system-tcs-1-t-30ld79v6.png Figure 6: Processor utilization – 16 processor system; tcs = 1, ℓt = 10, tm = 10, ts = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-utilization-of-processors-p-and-switches-s-16-3as8fcdw.png Figure 7: Utilization of processors (p) and switches (s) – 16 processor system; tcs = 1, ℓt = 10, tm = 10, ts = 5, nt = 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-instruction-level-petri-net-model-of-a-block-kgv06q41.png Figure 3: Instruction–level Petri net model of a block multithreaded processor. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-measurement-and-management-in-portuguese-law-1ny0zyz2m2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-psp-staffing-oppbkzey.png Table 1. PSP staffing. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-evaluation-of-wireless-sensor-networks-for-30tg5kanes 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proposed-network-simulation-model-1hvvlos2.png Figure 1. Proposed network simulation model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-depletion-for-mobile-event-with-tworayground-32kjrs18.png Figure 8. Depletion for mobile event with TwoRayGround. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-goodput-for-mobile-event-with-tworayground-3v6snri4.png Figure 6. Goodput for mobile event with TwoRayGround. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-goodput-for-mobile-event-with-shadowing-37d9lmmd.png Figure 7. Goodput for mobile event with Shadowing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-depletion-for-mobile-event-with-shadowing-zka5t4pn.png Figure 9. Depletion for mobile event with Shadowing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-one-pattern-of-event-movement-path-9nhdwwqq.png Figure 2. One pattern of event movement path. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-re-for-mobile-event-with-shadowing-34s2apt4.png Figure 11. RE for mobile event with Shadowing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-re-for-mobile-event-with-tworayground-ccyjn6kx.png Figure 10. RE for mobile event with TwoRayGround. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-measurement-and-management-a-system-of-systems-3yrkyychqs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-dominant-and-the-sos-paradigms-in-pmm-2nlpp5ry.png Table 1. The dominant and the SoS paradigms in PMM. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-measurement-in-blind-audio-source-separation-4la127li8d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-evaluation-of-an-instantaneous-2-x-3-mixture-1zwn20nc.png TABLE IV EVALUATION OF AN INSTANTANEOUS 2 × 3 MIXTURE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-evaluation-of-an-instantaneous-2-x-2-mixture-12ebo416.png TABLE II EVALUATION OF AN INSTANTANEOUS 2 × 2 MIXTURE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameter-values-used-for-decomposition-8-khz-sample-gpxuj3hj.png TABLE I PARAMETER VALUES USED FOR DECOMPOSITION (8 KHZ SAMPLE RATE). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-local-sir-for-bs1-estimated-by-fica-and-ti-filt-8369mb1m.png Fig. 1. Local SIR for bs1 estimated by FICA and TI Filt decomposition in the 2 × 2 convolutive mixture. Hanning windows of length 100 ms and overlapping 75 ms are used. The SIR is plotted against time in the upper plot and summarized in a cumulative histogram in the lower plot. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-evaluation-of-a-convolutive-2-x-2-mixture-vv33xcs2.png TABLE III EVALUATION OF A CONVOLUTIVE 2 × 2 MIXTURE. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-20-1-multiplexer-for-large-area-charge-2fg5ejaz7a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-temporal-illustration-of-the-20-1-multiplexer-data-y6w576u4.png Figure 3: Temporal illustration of the 20:1 multiplexer data acquisition system (DAQ) at a sampling frequency of 1 MHz per channel. The light blue, green and blue lines are the A0, A1, and shutdown (SD) digital control signals while red lines show channel and chip switching delays. DAQ dead times due to channel and chip control switching delays are shown with vertical black and blue doted lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sample-of-demultiplexed-analogue-signals-showing-erikpoii.png Figure 8: Sample of demultiplexed analogue signals showing the response of the miniature detector when exposed to an alpha from 241Am source in 250 Torr of CF4. Top side of the panel is closer to the source. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-miniature-tpc-detector-used-to-generate-analogue-3d0fj76o.png Figure 4: Miniature TPC detector used to generate analogue input signals used for testing the 20:1 MUX system. In (a) is the schematics of the detector showing the position of the source, (b) is the detector after construction while (c) shows the wire configuration and circuit of the detector readout. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-detector-response-when-exposed-to-alphas-from-241am-1dlwxjfe.png Figure 7: Detector response when exposed to alphas from 241Am source. In the left panel is a sample of signal observed on an anode wire while in the right panel is recorded anode pulse heights shown as a function of grid potential. The average uncertainty on the event pulse heights in (b) is ±0.2 mV. Note that the polarity of the anode channels was set to be inverted using the shaping electronics. The signal amplitude and time base of (a) are 2.9 V and 20 µs, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-average-event-pulse-height-induced-by-5-5-mev-2p3cndt3.png Figure 10: Average event pulse height induced by 5.5 MeV alpha tracks shown as a function of anode wire separation from the PCB. Low distance values indicate wire closer to the alpha source. Raw signals in 260 Torr of CF4 are shown in (a) while (b) shows the results from 250 Torr of CF4 after the signals were multiplexed using the MUX board, demultiplexed and analysed. Quoted errors are 1σ statistical uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3d-range-of-5-5-mev-alphas-in-various-pressures-of-2oduwh16.png Figure 5: 3D range of 5.5 MeV alphas in various pressures of CF4 gas determined from SRIM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-4-1-analogue-multiplexer-the-in-70bks6s3.png Figure 1: Illustration of the 4:1 analogue multiplexer. The IN 0, IN 1, IN 2 and IN 3 are the four analogue input signal channels while A0 and A1 are the digital signals (addresses) for selecting a channel to be sampled. The switching nature of the output stream of the chip between the input channels is illustrated with an arrow [9]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-reconstructed-pulse-samples-from-demultiplexed-17w1a811.png Figure 9: Reconstructed pulse samples from demultiplexed alpha signals from different detector channels after the low-frequency noise suppression. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-modeling-of-a-quorum-pattern-in-layered-service-y1aqdk14hs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sample-output-from-mmcsp-15470k47.png Figure 2. Sample output from MMCsp https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-prism-code-for-the-example-3fq4zvxb.png Figure 3. PRISM code for the example https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-of-probabilistic-model-checking-psp-on-11868yfg.png Table 1. Performance of probabilistic model checking πsp on three case studies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-auxiliary-xsb-code-for-the-trans-predicate-1ymxr2qy.png Figure 5. Auxiliary XSB code for the trans predicate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-xsb-code-for-the-stg-predicate-which-outputs-a-pstg-3smcx9hz.png Figure 6. XSB code for the stg predicate which outputs a PSTG using trans https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-xsb-code-for-the-trans-predicate-encoding-the-psp-2hu51sse.png Figure 4. XSB code for the trans predicate encoding the πsp symbolic semantics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-symbolic-semantics-for-psp-including-inset-2i0u9dta.png Figure 1. The symbolic semantics for πsp, including (inset) application of operator νx to conditions https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-a-fly-ash-geopolymeric-mortar-for-coating-of-55swq77060 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-compressive-strength-2krhj98e.png Fig. 1 – Compressive strength https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-weigth-loss-due-to-sulfuric-acid-attack-3ahk40z3.png Fig. 3 – Weigth loss due to sulfuric acid attack: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-weigth-loss-due-to-nitric-acid-attack-2ix0azat.png Fig. 4 – Weigth loss due to nitric acid attack: https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-concrete-mix-proportions-per-cubic-meter-of-concrete-2ja52w8b.png Table 1 - Concrete mix proportions per cubic meter of concrete https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-water-absorption-capillary-coefficients-pcmfaad1.png Fig. 2 – Water absorption capillary coefficients https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-a-l-branch-predetection-egc-receiver-over-4gwuca8ty8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-of-several-m-ary-modulation-schemes-f-th-2g0i3s33.png TABLE I PARAMETERS OF SEVERAL M-ARY MODULATION SCHEMES. f (θ) = 1− cos(π/M)cos θ [2] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-predetection-egc-receiver-cqbtkjuo.png Fig. 1. Predetection EGC receiver https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-aser-vs-es-n0-for-mpsk-modulation-for-different-l-and-2txgyilj.png Fig. 4. ASER vs. Es/N0 for MPSK modulation for different L and M. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-amount-of-fading-vs-b-for-l-235-and-6-2ggrklcf.png Fig. 3. Amount of fading vs. b for L = 2,3,5 and 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-outage-probability-pout-vs-g1-gt-for-different-l-and-b-18b2wmdv.png Fig. 2. Outage probability Pout vs. γ̄1/γt for different L and b. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-a-mixed-mode-air-handling-unit-for-direct-2eri4guaf9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effectiveness-calculation-of-the-ahu-ksxv7vcj.png Figure 6 Effectiveness calculation of the AHU https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-power-consumption-portions-and-pue-1vl2w72u.png Figure 8 Power consumption portions and PUE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-ahu-operation-under-dry-conditions-2fo2sbib.png Figure 10 AHU operation under dry conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-ahu-operation-under-wet-conditions-1d7rpiba.png Figure 9 AHU operation under wet conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-datacentre-design-layout-d392pfk3.png Figure 1 Datacentre design layout https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sun-fire-servers-rack-represents-datacentre-1ke7xb85.png Figure 3 Sun Fire servers rack represents datacentre https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-heat-transferred-from-the-chx-to-the-ahu-2x27nwx5.png Figure 5 Heat transferred from the CHx to the AHU https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-a-scalable-extraction-free-rna-seq-method-4nzlgdsa9k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-rna-loading-without-normalization-on-1dfaopxh.png Figure 2: Effect of RNA loading without normalization on https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-method-performance-for-de-genes-calling-compared-to-i7nzrpuc.png Figure 8: Method performance for DE genes calling compared to Illumina TruSeq (gold standard). Top panel: Receiver Operating Curve (ROC), Bottom panel: Precision-Recall cuve (PR). Area under the curve (AUC) indicated in figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-differentially-expressed-gene-calling-concordance-3vt5ks87.png Figure 9. Differentially expressed gene-calling concordance between methods. Differential gene expression lists for libraries prepared with Smart-3’seq (In-lysate RNA vs purified RNA) and Illumina Truseq (extracted RNA alone, gold-standard) were sorted by pvalue. For each rank position, the % overlap between lists was calculated. A randomly re- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-in-lysate-rna-seq-library-prep-and-purified-rna-1q3w4dvb.png Figure 5: In-lysate RNA seq library prep and Purified RNA shows similar https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-a-practical-two-step-detector-for-non-2dguscq9jf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-equivalent-snr-loss-as-a-function-of-1-1th4wsis.png Fig. 3. Equivalent SNR loss as a function of 𝑃𝑓𝑎1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-2sd-detection-performance-curves-illustrating-how-2-3oba3nuz.png Fig. 2. 2SD detection performance curves illustrating how 𝑃𝑑2 varies with 𝑃𝑓𝑎1 for 𝑁 = 4 and 𝑁 = 8 and a target SNR of 2.3 dB and -1.4 dB per pulse per platform respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-detection-performance-curves-for-a-practical-2sd-and-34k3xrp7.png Fig. 4. Detection performance curves for a practical 2SD and the SW0 NP 2SD illustrating how 𝑃𝑑2 varies with target SNR for the 𝑁 = 4 case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-detection-performance-curves-for-a-practical-2sd-and-2obwzz8z.png Fig. 5. Detection performance curves for a practical 2SD and the SW0 NP 2SD illustrating how 𝑃𝑑2 varies with target SNR for the 𝑁 = 8 case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-step-detection-scheme-2n56e421.png Fig. 1. Two-Step Detection Scheme https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-an-annular-linear-induction-pump-with-222ecp5g8c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-measured-performance-curves-for-pump-frequency-of-181t1krf.png Figure 3. Measured performance curves for pump frequency of 36 Hz and voltage of 100 V showing a) ∆p and b) efficiency as a function of flow rate and NaK temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-data-from-operation-at-a-nak-temperature-of-325-c-41rhji6e.png Figure 2. Data from operation at a NaK temperature of 325 ◦C and a pump frequency of 36 Hz. All raw data acquired at a sampling rate of 1 Hz, and presented as a) ∆p and b) efficiency as a function of flowrate. Reduced data presented (with error bars) as c) ∆p and d) efficiency as a function of flowrate and constant pump voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-alip-image-top-on-same-scale-as-radial-magnetic-mggom037.png Figure 6. ALIP image (top) on same scale as radial magnetic field (Br) measurements obtained within the ALIP duct and displayed as a function of axial position for different instances in time. The power was supplied at 60 Hz with a peak current of approximately 6 A. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-measured-efficiency-contour-plots-from-operation-at-3ahydspg.png Figure 4. Measured efficiency contour plots from operation at a pump frequency of 36 Hz as a function of real power to the pump and flow rate for NaK temperatures of a) 125 ◦C, b) 325 ◦C, and c) 525 ◦C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-measured-performance-curves-for-operation-at-a-nak-2c9oxd9d.png Figure 5. Measured performance curves for operation at a NaK temperature of 325◦C and a pump voltage of 80 V showing a) ∆p and b) efficiency as a function of flow rate for different displayed pump frequencies. The ‘wall power’ curve represents operation directly connected to ac-power. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-and-b-photograph-of-the-alip-test-uo7w5iit.png Figure 1. a) Schematic and b) photograph of the ALIP test circuit. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-bafcl-eu2-scintillating-composites-for-x-ray-4qnpmqswxb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thinky-mixer-cycle-for-composite-paste-development-13bmaf0t.png Table 1. Thinky Mixer cycle for composite paste development. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-photoluminescence-spectra-of-multiple-samples-from-the-1z73s8u1.png Fig. 3. Photoluminescence spectra of multiple samples from the BaFCl:Eu2+ synthesis. The variation in peak intensity is less than 5%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-photograph-of-the-large-scale-bafcl-eu2-synthesis-1uh2g7h4.png Fig. 2. (left): Photograph of the large-scale BaFCl:Eu2+ synthesis yield prior to post-processing. (right): BaFCl:Eu2+ polycrystalline powder after post-processing. Over 25 g of the material is under 38 μm in size and is within the container on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-line-profile-of-the-surface-height-variation-taken-3n9yyqzb.png Fig. 8. Line profile of the surface height variation taken from the filled glass screen. The regions within the dashed lines correspond to the dashed lines in Fig.6 of the filled screen. Standard deviation values of each region are provided at the top of the figure, and it can be seen the fluctuation for the powder-resin method is approximately 4x greater. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-images-of-the-pixelated-glass-screen-before-and-after-1d69fzua.png Fig. 7. Images of the pixelated glass screen before and after applying the scintillator. In method 1 (top), the BaFCl:Eu2+ composite was applied to the screen through sheer force. In method 2 (bottom), first BaFCl:Eu2+ powder was added and distributed as uniformly as possible; then NOA1665 was applied to fill any potential voids to seal the powder within the screen. As is shown, method 2 was unsuitable for completely filling each pixel uniformly. Dashed lines are included for reference of surface fluctuations analyzed in Fig. 8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-linear-fit-of-the-recorded-mass-data-from-one-of-the-tz7d2qbo.png Fig. 4. Linear fit of the recorded mass data from one of the composites formed with excess IPA. The rate at which IPA evaporated was calculated to be approximately 0.104 mg/s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-photograph-of-the-composites-made-for-the-mixed-resin-u6hk9ldj.png Fig. 5. Photograph of the composites made for the mixed resin study. Composites are arranged from left to right in order of increasing NOA 170 under ambient (top) and UV (bottom) illumination. The ratio refers to the mass percentage of each resin (NOA 1665/NOA 170), where each maintains a 50% volume fraction in the composite mix. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dispersion-curve-of-bafcl-eu2-over-the-visible-1tcesuvg.png Fig. 1. Dispersion curve of BaFCl:Eu2+ over the visible spectrum. Norland Optical Adhesives 1665 and 170 are included for reference. Work in this paper explores mixing the two resins to match the index of BaFCl:Eu2+ at 385 nm (the primary emission wavelength of the Eu2+ ion). https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-an-endcap-prototype-of-the-atlas-accordion-4maf68ly1y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-energy-resolution-as-a-function-of-the-incident-12r5fzbe.png Figure 9: Energy resolution as a function of the incident beam energy at four di erent values. The dashed line is the best t to the data at =2.66. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-energy-resolution-t-parameters-for-the-four-various-1lhdszrc.png Table 1: Energy resolution t parameters for the four various values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-position-resolution-t-parameters-for-both-views-and-1wcqow4z.png Table 2: Position resolution t parameters for both views, and . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-uniformity-along-the-direction-for-three-di-erent-1at2neil.png Figure 12: Uniformity along the direction for three di erent values in . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-global-energy-response-to-197-5-gev-electrons-over-12gpoo69.png Figure 13: Global energy response to 197.5 GeV electrons over 48 cells. A Gaussian t, as shown by the dotted line, gives a resolution of 1.14%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-modulation-of-the-signal-along-the-direction-at-n-1szblul9.png Figure 8: Modulation of the signal along the direction at N = 22, as obtained by Monte Carlo simulation. The curve is a parametrization of this data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-picture-of-the-prototype-taken-during-assembly-385ycgjr.png Figure 1: Picture of the prototype taken during assembly. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-normalized-response-of-a-cell-as-a-function-of-the-2kc15a3n.png Figure 5: Normalized response of a cell as a function of the cell number in the direction. The dotted lines correspond to linear ts to the odd and even cell response, used to correct an e ect of the HV distribution. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-bds-b1-frequency-standard-point-5b63ari9xe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-series-of-positioning-errors-for-bds-b1-i4vkr7ep.png Figure 1. Time series of positioning errors for BDS B1 frequency during a strong storm around DOY 238, 2018 (X–axis in GPST, Y–axis in meters) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-series-of-positioning-errors-for-bds-b1-3szsw1mj.png Figure 2. Time series of positioning errors for BDS B1 frequency during a moderate storm around DOY 086, 2017 (X–axis in GPST, Y–axis in meters) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-statistics-indices-for-bds-b1-frequency-positioning-jyhmxmjr.png Table 6. Statistics indices for BDS B1 frequency positioning errors during weak storms (units: m) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-series-of-positioning-errors-for-bds-b1-2yoybvg4.png Figure 3. Time series of positioning errors for BDS B1 frequency during a weak storm around DOY 032, 2017 (X–axis in GPST, Y–axis in meters) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-statistics-indices-for-bds-b1-frequency-positioning-ej859lvi.png Table 5. Statistics indices for BDS B1 frequency positioning errors during moderate storms (units: m) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-time-series-of-space-weather-indices-around-the-2oydvu4v.png Figure 7. Time series of space weather indices around the main phase on DOY 330, 2016(X–axis in UT) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thresholds-implemented-in-the-classification-of-2vr1swux.png Table 1. Thresholds implemented in the classification of geomagnetic storms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-number-of-satellites-and-pdop-for-station-hksl-2mpsgsjh.png Figure 6. The number of satellites and PDOP for station HKSL, HKWS and LHAZ (upper to lower) around DOY 330, 2016 (X–axis in GPST, left Y–axis for the number of satellites in count, right Y–axis for PDOP in count) https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-cognitive-hybrid-automatic-repeat-request-4nbtlwkp8u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-average-end-to-end-packet-delay-of-the-csw-harq-scheme-zb2weiok.png Fig. 8. Average end-to-end packet delay of the CSW-HARQ scheme versus PF for the various values of Pon, when we have Ts = 1Tp and Td = 2Tp. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-state-discrete-time-markov-chain-model-of-the-pr-39flkx9a.png Fig. 1. Two-state discrete-time Markov chain model of the PR system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-transmission-flow-of-the-proposed-csw-harq-scheme-3edbg2sm.png Fig. 4. The transmission flow of the proposed CSW-HARQ scheme. The total duration of each time-slot is T = Ts + Td, where Td consists of a packet’s transmission duration and its waiting epoch Tw . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-flow-chart-showing-the-operations-of-the-proposed-csw-3k77gnlr.png Fig. 3. Flow chart showing the operations of the proposed CSW-HARQ scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-slot-structure-of-a-cr-system-having-a-sensing-37t0xa26.png Fig. 2. Time-slot structure of a CR system having a sensing duration Ts and a transmission duration Td, when the total duration of a time-slot is T [27]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-throughput-performance-of-our-csw-harq-scheme-versus-19owro4j.png Fig. 5. Throughput performance of our CSW-HARQ scheme versus the packet error probability (PF ) for various probabilities of the channel being busy (Pon), when we have Ts = 1Tp and Td = 2Tp. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-packet-delay-of-the-csw-harq-system-versus-the-24eb97tr.png Fig. 6. Average packet delay of the CSW-HARQ system versus the packet error probability, when we have Ts = 1Tp and Td = 2Tp. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-probability-of-a-specific-end-to-end-packet-delay-of-6zbyisye.png Fig. 7. Probability of a specific end-to-end packet delay of the CSW-HARQ system expressed as a function of the number of TSs for various values of PF , Pon = 0.3, Ts = 1Tp and Td = 2Tp. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-large-scale-polling-systems-with-branching-2ulimts05p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-k-limited-and-flexible-k-limited-service-scaled-3pc704ip.png Table 6 k-limited and flexible k-limited service: Scaled variance of the simulated cycle time distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-binomial-gated-service-scaled-variance-of-the-cycle-3l8lu41s.png Table 4 Binomial-gated service: Scaled variance of the cycle time distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-queue-length-distributions-for-flexible-k-limited-26mzxeky.png Fig. 1. Queue-length distributions for flexible k-limited service with k = 4 and ℓ = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-binomial-gated-service-mean-queue-length-at-the-18nn62qj.png Table 5 Binomial-gated service: Mean queue length at the start of a server visit. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-binomial-gated-service-squared-error-between-deqcbl0q.png Table 1 Binomial-gated service: Squared error between limiting and exact queue length distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-k-limited-service-squared-error-between-limiting-and-1q0bpawh.png Table 2 k-limited service: Squared error between limiting and simulated queue length distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-flexible-k-limited-service-with-1-squared-error-3qec1t4m.png Table 3 Flexible k-limited service with ℓ = 1: Squared error between limiting and simulated queue length distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-k-limited-and-flexible-k-limited-service-simulated-3eczjh8b.png Table 7 k-limited and flexible k-limited service: Simulated mean queue length at the start of a server visit. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-massive-mimo-self-backhauling-for-ultra-dense-27k95ggb5k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-parameters-2fhtigsj.png TABLE I: Simulation parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-5-th-and-b-50-th-percentile-of-the-ue-rates-as-a-32rl4kso.png Fig. 4: (a) 5-th, and (b) 50-th percentile of the UE rates as a function of the partition α between backhaul and access time-slots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cdf-of-end-to-end-ue-rate-in-i-ad-hoc-deployment-of-16-3kld4knd.png Fig. 3: CDF of end-to-end UE rate in: (i) ad-hoc deployment of 16 SCs per sector with variable UE-to-SC distance d and different antenna patterns (Patch and Yagi); (ii) random deployment of SCs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-examples-of-two-different-scs-deployments-considered-2432fffy.png Fig. 1: Examples of two different SCs deployments considered in the paper. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-two-types-of-curves-are-represented-i-mmimo-da-with-2xfsk0ss.png Fig. 5: Two types of curves are represented: (i) mMIMO DA with pilot reuse schemes 1 and 3; (ii) ad-hoc deployment of 16 SCs per sector for α = 0.5 and α = α∗, at which the 50-th percentile of the UE rate is maximized (as shown in Fig. 4b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dl-frame-structure-for-mmimo-s-bh-with-a-0-5-fig-2a-3o7hld9p.png Fig. 2: DL frame structure for mMIMO s-BH with α = 0.5 (Fig. 2a) and for mMIMO DA (Fig. 2b). https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-layered-steered-space-time-codes-in-wireless-1hgluvf1ur 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-proposed-frame-structure-gip9huno.png Figure 5.2: Proposed frame structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-16-pa-gain-gpa-versus-the-number-of-beam-steering-1gtwodzr.png Figure 4.16: PA gain, GPA versus the number of beam-steering elements (L) at a SER of 10−6 using SGIC employing BPSK modulation with K = 4 & mk = 2 & NR = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-14-diversity-beamforming-tradeoff-of-lsstc-nt-16-mk-2luinkqt.png Figure 3.14: Diversity–beamforming tradeoff of LSSTC (NT = 16 & mk = 2 & NR = 8). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-proposed-transmitter-configuration-and-modulation-1x7k35i7.png Table 3.1: Proposed transmitter configuration and modulation schemes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-6-capacity-vs-es-n0-for-a-30-user-16x4-lsstc-at-10-33614ys0.png Figure 5.6: Capacity vs. Es/N0 for a 30 user 16×4 LSSTC at 10% Outage probability. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-possible-transmitter-receiver-configurations-for-26xkvs4t.png Table 4.1: Possible Transmitter-Receiver configurations for LSSTC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-8-ser-vs-es-n0-for-a-16x-4-lsstc-serving-different-1tcmvf71.png Figure 5.8: SER vs. Es/N0 for a 16× 4 LSSTC serving different number of users using the MaxLSSTCCap criterion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-6-ser-of-the-individual-layers-of-an-8x4-lsstc-3f5jai04.png Figure 4.6: SER of the individual layers of an 8×4 LSSTC employing SGIC without ordering and BPSK modulation with K = 4 & L = 1. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-monetary-policy-with-internal-central-bank-2sj4in2odl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-eb-optimal-rule-for-the-calibrated-example-in-3rt71t99.png Figure 4. The EB optimal rule for the calibrated example in the space of , u2 with 0.1 when the private sector uses the SG algorithm and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-re-optimal-rule-for-the-calibrated-example-in-1zzwt9h1.png Figure 5. The RE optimal rule for the calibrated example in the space of , u2 with 0.1 when the private sector uses the SG algorithm and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-taylor-rules-for-the-calibrated-example-in-the-2fxpsszf.png Figure 3. Taylor rules for the calibrated example in the space of p, CB P with z 0 and 0.35. The shaded region is stable and the blank region unstable. Note that https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-taylor-rules-for-the-calibrated-example-in-the-2psxmneq.png Figure 6. Taylor rules for the calibrated example in the space of p, with z 0 and g2 3.72 when the private sector uses the SG algorithm and the central bank uses RLS. The shaded region is stable and the blank region unstable. Note https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-taylor-rules-for-the-calibrated-example-in-the-3j1dwrdt.png Figure 7. Taylor rules for the calibrated example in the space of p, g2 with z 0 and 0.9 when the private sector uses the SG algorithm and the central bank uses RLS. The shaded region is stable and the blank region unstable. Note that a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-eb-optimal-rule-for-the-calibrated-example-in-16hrheu9.png Figure 1. The EB optimal rule for the calibrated example in the space of , CB P with 0.9. The shaded region is stable. Note that almost the whole space is now stable. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-re-optimal-rule-for-the-calibrated-example-in-pvl94kwd.png Figure 2. The RE optimal rule for the calibrated example in the space of , CB P with 0.9. The shaded region is stable. Note that for CB P less than 1 we usually have instability. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-multi-chaotic-pso-on-a-shifted-benchmark-3mg7q4ttsq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-gbest-history-for-the-rastrigins-function-rrx5ta3z.png FIGURE 2. Mean gBest history for the Rastrigin´s function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-gbest-history-for-the-sphere-function-3ocxttf9.png FIGURE 1. Mean gBest history for the Sphere function https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-results-comparison-shifted-sphere-function-2af9bvli.png TABLE 1. Mean results comparison – Shifted Sphere function https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-results-comparison-shifted-rastrigins-function-389xq834.png TABLE 2. Mean results comparison – Shifted Rastrigin´s function https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-moth-larvae-on-birch-in-relation-to-altitude-31wf8vx2t2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-anova-tables-for-the-birch-speci-r-c-values-type-iii-3v2dp4qz.png Table 2 ANOVA tables for the birch-speci®c values. Type III sums of squares are used. See de®nition of the variables in Materials and methods (EMS error mean square) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-association-between-the-mean-temperature-during-the-1j4qxwr4.png Fig. 4 Association between the mean temperature during the larval period and pupal weight (a), survival (b) and egg production index (c) of E. autumnata https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-association-between-bud-state-at-the-start-of-the-1gbfx07m.png Fig. 3 Association between bud state at the start of the experiment and pupal weight (pupal weight = 83.77)5.69 ´ bud state) (a), survival (b) and egg production index (egg production index = 36.35)7.20 ´ bud state) (c) of E. autumnata. Values of the response variables are corrected values taking into account the e ects of the study site and study year https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-the-kevo-meterological-station-and-our-2xme3qpn.png Fig. 1 Location of the Kevo Meterological Station, and our study sites. The major vegetation types in the area are based on the map of SeppaÈ laÈ and Rastas (1980). Criteria for vegetation type classes: Pine forest, at least 20% of the area covered by Scots pine; Mixed forest, mountain birch forest with scattered Scots pines, with less than 20% of the area covered by pines; Birch forest, some parts were damaged by Epirrita autumnata in the mid-sixties and are only partly recovered; Open mire, mire without forest cover; Barren fell top, area above the tree limit https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-anova-table-of-apparent-parasitism-probabilities-b6xpjwq0.png Table 4 ANOVA table of apparent parasitism probabilities calculated according to the site-speci®c means. Type I sum of squares are used. (Starttemp mean temperature of the 2 ®rst larval weeks, Midtemp mean temperature of the next 2 larval weeks, Endtemp mean temperature of the 2 last larval weeks, EMS error mean square) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-association-between-study-site-altitude-and-the-a72eeevp.png Fig. 6 Association between study site altitude and the parasitism rate of di erent parasitoid species: Eulphus larvarum (a), Cotesia jucunda (b), and Zele deceptor (c) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2a-d-weekly-mean-temperatures-during-our-study-summers-4iwj28vo.png Fig. 2a±d Weekly mean temperatures during our study summers at the Kevo Meteorological Station. Error bars show standard deviations of daily values. Squares show the starting and the ending times of the larval periods at the earliest and latest study site https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-optical-packet-switching-nodes-in-ip-30mze1k23c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-packet-loss-performance-with-shortest-path-routing-3eh35ru4.png Figure 10. Packet loss performance with shortest path routing and α = 0.71 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-optical-transport-network-architecture-23ucyneg.png Figure 1. The optical transport network architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-packet-loss-performance-with-deflection-routing-dx0h5xol.png Figure 14. Packet loss performance with deflection routing and α = 0.71 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optical-packet-switching-node-general-architecture-1vggzj94.png Figure 3. Optical packet-switching node general architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-network-topologies-2sfnafb8.png Figure 2. Network topologies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-detailed-structure-of-one-of-the-w-g-parallel-28xhmihs.png Figure 4. Detailed structure of one of the W/G parallel switching planes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-basic-switching-matrix-3ixr393u.png Figure 5. Basic switching matrix https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing-25w92gwfwg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-acc-for-n-512-l-245-and-k-5-under-rician-fading-jqbhv2nv.png Figure 2. The ACC for N=512, L={2,4,5}, and K=5 under Rician fading scenario https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-the-relative-techniques-over-rician-3exila9u.png Figure 8. Comparison of the relative techniques over Rician fading channels for N=512 and L=5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-the-relative-techniques-over-rician-5b72jpgr.png Figure 7. Comparison of the relative techniques over Rician fading channels for N=512 and L=4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-relative-techniques-over-nakagami-2hbi2k0m.png Figure 4. Comparison of the relative techniques over Nakagami-m fading channels for N=512 and L=4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-the-relative-techniques-over-nakagami-2d7ichtj.png Figure 3. Comparison of the relative techniques over Nakagami-m fading channels for N=512 and L=2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-relative-techniques-over-nakagami-1k152tvy.png Figure 5. Comparison of the relative techniques over Nakagami-m fading channels for N=512 and L=5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-the-relative-techniques-over-rician-1wfo7e8g.png Figure 6. Comparison of the relative techniques over Rician fading channels for N=512 and L=2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-acc-for-n-512-and-l-5-under-nakagami-m-fading-1rc2rn8j.png Figure 1. The ACC for N=512 and L=5 under Nakagami-m fading scenario https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-pei-bmi-semi-ipn-membranes-for-separations-of-14jefmk2av 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-trade-off-curve-plot-of-o2-permeance-and-o2-n2-1x4sfz9h.png Fig. 3. Trade-off curve plot of O2 permeance and O2/N2 permselectivity based on the permeation of pure gases. Filled square symbols are for PEI membranes without BMI. Labels correspond to the sample number listed in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cross-section-sem-of-membranes-produced-from-casting-vtbu5te6.png Fig. 2. Cross-section SEM of membranes produced from casting solutions containing 19.5% polymer concentration (a) and 29% polymer concentration (b). Top two photographs represent the top layer of each membrane and the two bottom photographs represent the bottom layer of each membrane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-trade-off-curve-plot-of-o2-enriched-air-permeance-and-2hy1jv6a.png Fig. 4. Trade-off curve plot of O2-enriched air permeance and O2/N2 permselectivity based on the permeation of air. Filled square symbols are for PEI membranes without BMI. Labels correspond to the sample number listed in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-trade-off-curve-plot-of-co2-permeance-and-co2-ch4-k7o5jt6x.png Fig. 5. Trade-off curve plot of CO2 permeance and CO2/CH4 permselectivity based on the permeation of pure gases. Filled square symbols are for PEI membranes without BMI. Labels correspond to the sample number listed in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-permselectivity-of-co2-over-n2-at-different-co2-feed-6dxihr7v.png Fig. 14. Permselectivity of CO2 over N2 at different CO2 feed concentrations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-trade-off-curve-plot-of-co2-permeance-and-co2-n2-10bxnywr.png Fig. 13. Trade-off curve plot of CO2 permeance and CO2/N2 permselectivity based on the permeation of pure gases. Filled square symbol is for PEI membranes without BMI. Labels correspond to the sample number listed in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-permselectivity-of-co2-over-n2-versus-gas-permeance-3bwm3mv5.png Fig. 15. Permselectivity of CO2 over N2 versus gas permeance at different CO2 feed concentrations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-structure-of-pei-bmi-and-nmp-2qixfnnt.png Table 1 Chemical structure of PEI, BMI and NMP https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-punching-shear-reinforcement-under-gravity-1jwwi8htap 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-layout-diameter-and-spacing-of-shear-reinforcement-2l0oulge.png Table 2—Layout, diameter, and spacing of shear reinforcement units https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-layout-and-parameters-of-shear-reinforcement-a-radial-3dnco7wi.png Fig. 6—Layout and parameters of shear reinforcement: (a) radial placement; (b) cruciform placement; (c) uniform placement; and (d) definition of bar spacing for inclined https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-influence-of-factor-ksys-on-punching-strength-393jgs3v.png Fig. 12—Influence of factor ksys on punching strength, according to Model Code 2010 (for parameters of reference slab, refer to Fig. 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-examples-of-punching-reinforcement-systems-qjiteoij.png Fig. 1—Examples of punching reinforcement systems. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-test-setup-sq9981nl.png Fig. 7—Test setup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-of-experimental-and-predicted-punching-igavgt5e.png Fig. 11—Comparison of experimental and predicted punching strengths of PT42 and specimens from literature11-14,24-27 with cruciform shear reinforcement layout failing outside shear reinforced area: (a) ACI 318; (b) Eurocode 2; and (c) Model Code 2010. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-control-perimeter-and-effective-depth-in-case-of-3ookg0cm.png Fig. 10—Control perimeter and effective depth in case of failure outside shear reinforced area: (a) equivalent larger diameter column; (b) studs; (c) stirrups; (d) bent-up bars; (e) cruciform placement; and (f) radial placement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-punching-failure-modes-of-flat-slabs-2scgm84a.png Fig. 2—Punching failure modes of flat slabs. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-precise-point-positioning-with-ambiguity-4lnl2g6fxj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-estimated-in-short-period-static-ppp-261f8lfs.png Table 1. Parameters estimated in short-period static PPP https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-numbers-of-all-solutions-solutions-with-successful-3dsq34je.png Table 2. Numbers of all solutions, solutions with successful ambiguity resolution, solutions without any ambiguities fixed, solutions with incorrect ambiguity resolution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-values-of-the-test-statistics-for-ambiguity-zs2lzjw8.png Fig. 2. Mean values of the test statistics for ambiguity validation in all fixed solutions when different short observation periods are used. Note that the black bars refer to the left axis while the grey bars refer to the right axis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-positioning-accuracy-for-different-short-2zivd9vu.png Table 3. Mean positioning accuracy for different short observation periods https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-number-of-degraded-solutions-the-percentages-in-all-2x1belrw.png Table 4. Number of degraded solutions, the percentages in all solutions with successful ambiguity resolution, mean accuracy degradation and maximum accuracy https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-percentages-of-the-solutions-with-accuracy-1tji02q0.png Table 5. Percentages of the solutions with accuracy degradation in the East, North or Up directions and the corresponding mean degradation in each direction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-station-distribution-the-solid-circles-denote-the-epn-yzhi1mo3.png Fig. 1. Station distribution. The solid circles denote the EPN stations used for the determination of uncalibrated phase delays (UPD) whilst the solid triangles with names aside denote the IGS stations for testing the short-period static PPP with ambiguity resolution https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-the-cms-detector-during-the-lhc-run-2-4r8i59qzph 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cumulative-curves-for-the-luminosity-delivered-by-lhc-gt1pm1c6.png Fig. 1. Cumulative curves for the luminosity delivered by LHC (azure), recorded by CMS (orange) and certified as good for physics analysis during stable beams (light orange). The green histogram shows the recorded luminosity while CMS was taking data with full magnetic field (3.8 T). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-left-stage-1-electron-photon-trigger-efficiency-versus-3uw0txl9.png Fig. 4. Left: Stage-1 electron/photon trigger efficiency versus reconstructed pT for different e/γ trigger and thresholds. Isolation reduces the rate significantly with only a small drop in efficiency. Right: Tau trigger efficiency for 2 Stage-1 upgrade triggers and the legacy system. A tremendous improvement in the tau trigger was realized with the Stage-1 hardware. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relative-electron-ecal-energy-resolution-unfolded-in-2sen1j7x.png Fig. 3. Relative electron (ECAL) energy resolution unfolded in bins of pseudorapidity η for the barrel and the endcaps. Electrons from Z → e+e− decays are used. The resolution is shown for low bremsstrahlung electrons (R9 > 0.94, with R9 = E3×3/ESupercluster).The resolution σE/E is extracted from an unbinned likelihood fit to Z → e+e− events, using a Breit-Wigner function convoluted with a Gaussian as the signal model. The resolution is plotted separately for data and MC events. The MC is generated assuming the calibration precision that was achieved with the amount of data collected in Run 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ecal-barrel-pulse-shape-dots-represent-the-10-16m87r3u.png Fig. 2. ECAL barrel pulse shape: dots represent the 10 digitized samples, the red distributions (other light colors) represent the fitted in-time (out-of time) pulses with positive amplitude. The dark blue histograms represent the sum of all the fitted contributions. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-the-atlas-silicon-strip-detector-modules-1tlf0ik07p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-position-resolution-vs-angle-at-1-fc-threshold-l8rdq51l.png Fig. 8. Position resolution vs. angle at 1 fC threshold https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-efficiency-at-1-2-fc-threshold-corrected-for-track-7pusabaz.png Fig. 11. Efficiency at 1.2 fC threshold corrected for track length vs. angle for both ATT8 and ATT7. The angle is indicated at which the efficiency is maximized. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-mean-cluster-width-mcw-at-1-0-fc-threshold-corrected-243pg7ij.png Fig. 10. Mean cluster width MCW at 1.0 fC threshold corrected for track length vs. angle for both ATT8 and ATT7. The angle at which the cluster width is minimized is indicated. A linear fit seems to describe the data well, but has no theoretical justilication. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-the-dlpno-ccsd-and-recent-dft-methods-in-the-z0nijgbp0r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-260aggwm.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1w5urgzf.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-the-silicon-detectors-for-the-cms-barrel-58mqcvle0z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-basic-microstrip-detector-module-wpnpmkdd.png Figure 3: The Basic Microstrip Detector Module https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-layout-of-the-silicon-barrel-wheel-29t4okhd.png Figure 2: Layout of the Silicon Barrel Wheel https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-resolution-and-number-of-strips-per-cluster-versus-tl7fm7ox.png Table 1: Resolution and Number of Strips per Cluster versus Tilt Angle https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-the-life-insurance-industry-under-pressure-24o4rnlilx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-4-estimates-of-the-translog-cost-function-for-life-1b6fggbv.png Table 6.4 Estimates of the translog cost function for life insurers split into four product types https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-1-cost-elasticities-across-ten-insurer-size-classes-8zqua67a.png Fig. 6.1. Cost elasticities across ten insurer-size classes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-1-marginal-costs-versus-average-costs-of-dutch-life-wxvrd0re.png Fig. A.1. Marginal costs versus average costs of Dutch life insurers https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-key-data-of-the-dutch-life-insurance-submarkets-3dlsegb1.png Table 5.2. Key data of the Dutch life insurance submarkets over time (averages) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-2-cost-elasticity-estimates-for-various-life-2nzqeky9.png Table 6.2. Cost elasticity estimates for various life insurance output measures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-1-effect-of-marginal-costs-on-market-shares-of-dutch-1lswixa2.png Fig. 7.1. Effect of marginal costs on market shares of Dutch life insurers over time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1-development-in-life-insurance-specialisation-over-15a0mbl4.png Fig. 5.1. Development in life insurance specialisation over time (HHIw) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-1-pcs-model-for-the-dutch-life-industry-2kdb66ba.png Table 7.1. PCS model for the Dutch life industry https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-the-ultra-high-rate-germanium-uhrge-system-4rphmiizz0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-block-diagrams-of-the-daq-systems-investigated-31cnqerc.png Figure 4. Block diagrams of the DAQ systems investigated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-energy-resolution-vs-rate-for-the-algorithm-in-fpga-1y0hw5d5.png Table 2. Energy resolution vs. rate for the algorithm in FPGA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-spectrum-at-425-kcps-input-gamma-rate-using-filter-w1pf8nr1.png Figure 11. Spectrum at 425 kcps input gamma rate, using filter set B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-spectrum-at-73-7-kcps-input-gamma-rate-using-2s8txsig.png Figure 10. Spectrum at 73.7 kcps input gamma rate, using filter set A. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-energy-resolution-versus-shaping-time-l-of-the-high-3u5trgyj.png Figure 3. Energy resolution versus shaping time L of the high purity germanium coaxial detector with XS-11 preamplifier with 2 kcps input count rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-measurement-demonstrating-the-high-speed-and-2xypkznc.png Figure 2. Measurement demonstrating the high speed and settling precision of the XS-11 – the 55 ns time constant yields a closed-loop gain of 18 MHz and 180 MHz gain-bandwidth product. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-frequency-of-use-and-energy-resolution-for-filter-3i6tyx2r.png Figure 12. Frequency of use and energy resolution for filter set A at lower rates. The curves represent filters with rise times as shown in the caption with all having the same gap time of 800 ns. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simplified-circuit-architecture-of-the-xs-11-244tb1ma.png Figure 1. Simplified circuit architecture of the XS-11 preamplifier. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-the-cms-electromagnetic-calorimeter-at-the-47acl45vla 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-calibration-precision-from-the-azimuthal-symmetry-22wk4h2x.png Fig. 3. Calibration precision from the azimuthal symmetry method, from minimum-bias events, for the ECAL Barrel detector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distribution-of-the-spread-in-the-temperature-7eoe7lml.png Fig. 2. Distribution of the spread in the temperature measurements of the ECAL Barrel and Endcap thermistors in the second half of 2010. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-invariant-mass-distribution-for-z-ee-with-both-16oavdfx.png Fig. 8. Invariant mass distribution for Z→ee, with both electrons in the ECAL Barrel (left) and Endcap (right) detectors. Data and Monte Carlo distributions are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-invariant-mass-distribution-for-z-ee-events-in-the-1i1ftfej.png Fig. 10. Invariant mass distribution for Z→ee events in the ECAL Barrel detector: (left) full sample of Z→ee events, (right) sub-sample of nonshowering electrons (low bremmstrahlung). Data and Monte Carlo distribution are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-estimation-of-the-photon-energy-scale-from-z-uug-3fbox9fs.png Fig. 9. Estimation of the photon energy scale from Z→ µµγ events, for photons in the ECAL Barrel (left) and in the Endcap (right) detectors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-view-of-the-cms-ecal-structure-barrel-one-supermodule-11bcrfie.png Fig. 1. View of the CMS ECAL structure: Barrel (one supermodule in yellow), Endcap (in green), Preshower (in red). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-combined-inter-calibration-precision-for-the-ecal-2468pyn7.png Fig. 4. Combined inter-calibration precision for the ECAL Barrel (EB, left) and Endcap (EE, right) detectors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-measured-crystal-transparency-loss-due-to-irradiation-j01aajtk.png Fig. 5. Measured crystal transparency loss due to irradiation in 2010 for the ECAL Barrel (left) and Endcap (right) detectors. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-trasuranic-loaded-fully-ceramic-micro-32vbfhzd5d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-9-doppler-coefficient-versus-burnup-for-tru-only-2zgmns7e.png Figure 4-9. Doppler coefficient versus burnup for TRU-only FCM fuel with various kernel sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-triso-fuel-particle-dimensions-and-physical-1thngfwo.png Table 3-1. TRISO fuel particle dimensions and physical properties in FCM fuel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-18-k-versus-burnup-for-tru-only-fcm-fuel-with-2hf4y7le.png Figure 4-18. K versus burnup for TRU-only FCM fuel with constant fuel loading. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-17-soluble-boron-worth-versus-burnup-for-tru-only-1qvzu2in.png Figure 4-17. Soluble boron worth versus burnup for TRU-only FCM fuel with various PF values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-28-reactivity-versus-fraction-of-nominal-coolant-26om7u0z.png Figure 4-28. Reactivity versus fraction of nominal coolant density for various unit cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-27-soluble-boron-worth-versus-burnup-for-tru-only-3hl2zfge.png Figure 4-27. Soluble boron worth versus burnup for TRU-only FCM fuel with range of Er2O3 contents. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-26-doppler-coefficient-versus-burnup-for-tru-only-3saaxrtg.png Figure 4-26. Doppler coefficient versus burnup for TRU-only FCM fuel with range of Er2O3 contents. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-29-reactivity-versus-fraction-of-nominal-coolant-330243x0.png Figure 4-29. Reactivity versus fraction of nominal coolant density for FCM fuel 500 m kernel and various Er2O3 loadings. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-ultra-high-efficient-electronic-ballast-for-1hg5zy38ih 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-switching-losses-in-a-sic-mosfet-29prvh1g.png Fig. 6. Switching losses in a SiC MOSFET. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-basic-pfc-boost-converter-35ulqqct.png Fig. 2. Basic PFC boost converter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-representation-of-electronic-ballast-22d661uf.png Fig. 1. Block diagram representation of electronic ballast https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-experimental-values-of-efficiency-vs-input-voltage-1mh3wev6.png Fig. 11. Experimental values of efficiency vs. input voltage for Si and SiC based PFC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-simulation-result-comparison-of-si-and-sic-based-26f0be36.png Fig. 14. Simulation result comparison of Si and SiC based ballast. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-comparison-of-simulation-and-experimental-results-of-2xulwr91.png Fig. 12. Comparison of simulation and experimental results of Si-based PFC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-comparison-of-simulation-and-experimental-results-of-1xelz96y.png Fig. 13. Comparison of simulation and experimental results of SiC-based PFC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-variation-of-on-resistance-with-temperature-in-si-and-2h09ajh0.png Fig. 4. Variation of on-resistance with temperature in Si and SiC MOSFETs. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-optimization-of-a-parallel-two-stage-stochastic-4ef55f5jzf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-bound-convergence-rate-comparison-between-stage-2-3b91qzzi.png Fig. 11. Bound convergence rate comparison between Stage 2 fresh start, advanced start with clustering and advanced start without clustering https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-of-average-stage-2-solve-time-between-3rs3x78n.png Fig. 10. Comparison of average Stage 2 solve time between Stage 2 fresh start, advanced start with clustering and advanced start without clustering on 2.6 GHz AMD Lisbon Opteron https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-variation-across-runs-with-advanced-start-and-their-2ic277ay.png Fig. 9. Variation across runs with advanced-start and their comparison with fresh start (10t model) on 8 cores of 2.67 GHz Dual Nehalem https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-model-sizes-of-interest-120-scenarios-19vu85ie.png TABLE I MODEL SIZES OF INTEREST (120 SCENARIOS) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-design-schematic-2tkmgyk3.png Fig. 1. Design Schematic https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-comparing-the-effect-of-advanced-start-and-clustering-37kul2ab.png Fig. 12. Comparing the effect of advanced start and clustering on performance of different models on 8 cores of 2.67 GHz AMD Lisbon Opteron https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-impact-of-artificially-constraining-memory-3ko8ncpf.png Fig. 4. The impact of artificially constraining memory bandwidth available for an LP solve (10 time period model) on a system with Intel 64(Clovertown) 2.33 GHz dual socket quad core processor with 1333MHz front size bus (per socket), 2x4MB L2 cache and 2 GB/core memory. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cut-usage-rate-for-a-5-time-period-model-3i097q73.png Fig. 5. Cut usage rate for a 5 time period model https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-wideband-cdma-using-space-time-spreading-over-2yt7gq2uvl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ber-versus-the-number-of-users-k-performance-2z0foslw.png Fig. 4. BER versus the number of users,K performance comparison between the space-time spreading based transmit diversity scheme and the conventional RAKE receiver arrangement using only one transmission antenna when communicating over flat-fading (for space-time spreading) and multipath (for RAKE) Rayleigh fading channels by assuming that the average power decay rate wasη = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ber-versus-the-number-of-users-k-performance-1o9mlkd9.png Fig. 5. BER versus the number of users,K, performance comparison between the space-time spreading based transmit diversity scheme and the conventional RAKE receiver arrangement using only one transmission antenna when communicating over the flat-fading (for space-time spreading) and multipath (for RAKE) Nakagami-m fading channels by assuming that the average power decay rate wasη = 0.2, wherem1 = 2 indicates that the first resolvable path constitutes a moderately fading path, while the other resolvable paths experience more severe Rayleigh fading (mc = 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-transmitter-and-receiver-block-diagram-of-the-w-cdma-t4upi9w0.png Fig. 1. Transmitter and receiver block diagram of the W-CDMA system using space-time spreading. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ber-versus-the-snr-per-bit-eb-n0-performance-1dnhiycv.png Fig. 3. BER versus the SNR per bit,Eb/N0, performance comparison between the space-time spreading based transmit diversity scheme and the conventional RAKE receiver arrangement using only one transmission antenna when communicating over flat-fading (for space-time spreading) and multipath (for RAKE) Nakagami-m fading channels by assuming that the average power decay rate wasη = 0.2, wherem1 = 2 indicates that the first resolvable path constitutes a moderately fading path, while the other resolvable paths experience more severe Rayleigh fading (mc = 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ber-versus-the-snr-per-bit-eb-n0-performance-1tm357v7.png Fig. 2. BER versus the SNR per bit,Eb/N0, performance comparison between the space-time spreading based transmit diversity scheme and the conventional RAKE receiver arrangement using only one transmission antenna when communicating over flat-fading (for space-time spreading) and multipath ( for RAKE) Rayleigh fading (ml = mc = 1) channels by assuming that the average power decay rate wasη = 0. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-oriented-privacy-preserving-data-integration-4exwve3177 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notation-used-jqposbqo.png Table 1. Notation used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-privacy-preserving-distributed-join-zyic4e2w.png Figure 2. Privacy-preserving distributed join. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-hash-sizes-for-variable-r-u-target-prel-0-01-and-ch-3w446euv.png Figure 8. Hash sizes for variable |R|/|U|. Target prel = 0.01 and ch/ct = ½. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-varying-normalized-transmission-costs-wit-h-respect-2lfdtfyi.png Figure 9. Varying normalized transmission costs wit h respect to the brute-force method. (a) Target prel = 0.01 and sh/st = ½. (b) |R|/|U| = 0.1 and ch/ct = ½. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-set-sizes-n-and-f-for-variable-target-prel-r-u-0-1-awydft3j.png Figure 6. Set sizes |N| and |F| for variable target prel. |R|/|U| = 0.1 and ch/ct = ½. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-varying-absolute-privacy-target-prel-0-01-and-ch-ct-1xpmh6nx.png Figure 7. Varying absolute privacy. Target prel = 0.01 and ch/ct = ½. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-execution-times-for-variable-r-u-target-prel-0-01-26qo5p3t.png Figure 3. Execution times for variable |R|/|U|. Target prel = 0.01 and ch/ct = ½. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-problem-166ho7xp.png Figure 1. General problem. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-prediction-for-sailing-dinghies-3mxzzgkhvv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-hull-resistance-components-for-80kg-crew-2no1xcth.png Figure 11 Hull resistance components for 80kg crew https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-impact-of-yaw-balance-on-heel-angle-jit1llg6.png Figure 14 Impact of yaw balance on heel angle https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hull-dimensions-and-form-coefficients-for-laser-at-14mupfsc.png Table 2 Hull dimensions and form coefficients for Laser at three displacement variations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-heel-deltas-for-80kg-crew-kr4c6f2m.png Figure 10 Heel deltas for 80kg crew https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-upwind-speed-for-80kg-crew-comparison-with-measured-14w1jxnh.png Figure 4 Upwind speed for 80kg crew: comparison with measured data and previous VPPs; wind speed = 9.0 knots https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-vmgs-for-different-crew-weights-1-829m-tall-289qn9v1.png Figure 15 VMGs for different crew weights (1.829m tall) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-orc-low-lift-mainsail-coefficients-14ughcoy.png Table 1 ORC “Low Lift” mainsail coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-measured-data-for-laser-speed-polars-from-binns-et-hlhjwh4z.png Figure 3 Measured data for Laser speed polars from Binns et al. (2002) and Clark (2014) https://scispace.com/papers/performance-prediction-and-automated-tuning-of-randomized-3px5yz2wlp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-correlation-between-observed-and-predicted-run-3qie5ris.png Figure 1: Correlation between observed and predicted run-times/medians of run-times of SAPS on various sets of SAT instances. Raw features and their pairwise products were usedas basis functions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-for-automated-parameter-tuning-for-each-3paz0hrk.png Table 2: Results for automated parameter tuning. For each instance set and algorithm, we give the correlation between actual and predicted run-time for all instances, RMSE, the averagecorrelation for all the data points of an instance, and the best fixed parameter setting on the test set. We also give the average speedu over the best possible parameter setting per instance( lways < 1), over the worst possible setting per instance (> 1), the default, and the best fixed setting on the test set. For example, on Mixed, Novelty+ is on average 10.72 times faster than its best fixed parameters tting. All experiments use second order expansions of the parameters (combined with the instance features). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-performance-of-automated-parameter-setting-for-o1o9p65k.png Figure 3: (a) Performance of automated parameter setting for Novelty+ on mixed data set QWH/SAT04, compared to the best (dots) and worst (crosses) per-instance parameter setting (out of the 6 parameter settings we employed). (b) Speedup of Novelty+ over the best data-set specific fixed parameter setting. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-prediction-using-neural-network-and-confidence-2mcnhm27su 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-proposed-approach-steps-with-two-rbfnn-one-2h8l8tq2.png Figure 3. Proposed approach steps with two RBFNN, one dedicated to the prediction of the system performance decay and the second one dedicated to predict the reliability of the prediction of the first RBFNN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-input-noise-effect-on-the-complexity-of-the-rbf-332qvfoo.png Figure 2. Input noise effect on the complexity of the RBF neural network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-compressor-prediction-performance-compressor-decay-1x7clouh.png Figure 4. Compressor Prediction Performance. Compressor decay actual output vs RBF predicted output. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-turbine-prediction-performance-turbine-decay-actual-13063g78.png Figure 5. Turbine Prediction Performance. Turbine decay actual output vs RBF predicted output. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-compressor-prediction-error-and-ci-the-blue-line-27zqufl5.png Figure 6. Compressor prediction error and CI. The blue line represents the difference between the estimated turbine decay from the RBF neural network and the actual turbine decay (target vector). The red line represents the chosen level of predicted confidence interval for the same instance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-turbine-prediction-error-and-ci-the-blue-line-elityosx.png Figure 7. Turbine Prediction error and CI. The blue line represents the difference between the estimated compressor decay from the RBF neural network and the actual compressor decay (target vector). The red line represents the chosen level of predicted confidence interval for the same https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-input-features-of-gas-turbine-system-1cr1ehhd.png TABLE I. INPUT FEATURES OF GAS TURBINE SYSTEM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-correlation-coefficients-eyybqqhu.png TABLE II. CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-tests-of-survey-instruments-used-in-radiation-572dhokq1b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-neutron-dose-equivalent-measured-with-various-types-2tjkv5t1.png Figure 3: Neutron dose equivalent measured with various types of REM counters and the HANDI-TEPC behind concrete shielding at CERF [8]. For comparison results of Monte Carlo simulations are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relative-contribution-from-each-particle-type-to-238vs9ed.png Figure 2: Relative contribution from each particle type to the total created charge (per primary particle) for a mixed radiation field encountered at the reference position CT6/10 at CERF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fluence-spectra-normalized-by-beam-particle-for-13ceecwo.png Figure 1: Fluence spectra (normalized by beam particle) for various particle types at CERF (Reference position CT6-10) [5]. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-trade-offs-for-single-and-dual-objective-light-3yminbutga 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-axial-resolution-of-a-dual-objective-system-a-axial-mtk07ddi.png Fig. 4. Axial resolution of a dual-objective system. (a) Axial resolution depends strongly on crossing angle at small angles but does not improve much beyond angles of 60°. Curves for two example illumination and collection NA pairs are shown (# 8 = 0.1, # 2 = 0.4; # 8 = 0.2, # 2 = 0.7), but these trends are consistent across different choices of illumination and collection NA. (b) The minimum angle plotted for each system is the minimum crossing angle before the objective cones overlap. (c) The maximum crossing angle is 90° (the conventional ODO case), which yields the maximum possible axial resolution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-contrast-of-a-dual-objective-system-a-impact-of-3so8s0sq.png Fig. 8. Contrast of a dual-objective system. (a) Impact of crossing angle on contrast is plotted for three illumination NAs (different curves). A collection NA of 0.7 is used in this example, though the trends shown hold for other collection NAs (with slight improvements in contrast overall at higher collection NAs). The minimum angle plotted for each system is the minimum crossing angle before the illumination and collection cones overlap. The maximum angle plotted is 90° (the conventional ODO case) which gives the maximum possible contrast. These cases are shown for a 0.1 illumination NA and 0.7 collection NA system in (b) and (c), respectively. Contrast improves with higher crossing angles, but gains begin to saturate around 60°. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-single-and-dual-objective-light-sheet-1bl6gt48.png Fig. 1. Overview of single- and dual-objective light-sheet microscope (LSM) architectures. (a) Optical schematic of a conventional orthogonal dual-objective (ODO) open-top light-sheet (OTLS) system, showing the illumination (blue) and collection (green) light paths. (b) Inset of illumination and collection objectives of an ODO system, showing that the system’s effective working distance (WDsystem) is much less than the collection objective’s working distance (WDobjective). (c) Optical schematic of a non-orthogonal single-objective (NOSO) OTLS system, showing the illumination (blue) and collection (green) light paths. (d) Inset of the shared primary objective of a NOSO system, showing the angled light sheet and collection path. CL: cylindrical lens, TL: tube lens, DBS: dichroic beam splitter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-lateral-and-axial-resolution-as-a-function-of-2jcyqxyq.png Fig. 7. Lateral and axial resolution as a function of collection NA for a NOSO system in the case of (a) a moderate-NA primary objective (0.75 NA) and (b) a high-NA primary objective (1.0 NA). In each plot, the primary objective NA is held constant to reveal the different performance combinations a designer could achieve with a given optical element. For simplicity, the illumination NA is also held constant (0.2). Note that changing the collection NA implicitly changes the effective crossing angle in our NOSO simulations. (c) Cone angles and PSF schematic for a moderate-NA shared primary objective. At moderate objective NAs, the crossing angle \ is constrained to relatively small values. Any further reduction in crossing angle, resulting from an increase in collection NA, leads to a degradation in axial resolution. Thus, there is a tradeoff between axial and lateral resolution. (d) Cone angles and PSF schematic for a high-NA shared primary objective. The crossing angle \ is relatively large in all cases, such that axial resolution is less sensitive to changes in collection NA. For ease of comparison, the same collection NA (0.6) is shown in both (c) and (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-optical-schematic-of-a-non-orthogonal-single-1p6hauhf.png Fig. 10. (a) Optical schematic of a non-orthogonal single-objective (NOSO) LSM system, showing the illumination (blue) and collection (green) light paths. (b) Inset of the shared primary objective of a NOSO system showing the angled light sheet and collection path. (c,d) Inset of the remote focus of a NOSO system (c) without a refractive prism, showing some light is lost at the remote focus and (d) with a refractive prism, showing collection of otherwise lost light. CL: cylindrical lens, TL: tube lens, DBS: dichroic beam splitter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-survey-of-commercial-objectives-for-cleared-tissue-2hjhqvu3.png Table 1. Survey of commercial objectives for cleared tissue imaging https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-contrast-of-a-dual-objective-system-as-a-function-of-1g45e9bw.png Fig. 13. Contrast of a dual-objective system as a function of crossing angle for collection NAs of 0.4, 0.7, and 1.0. In all cases, contrast improves with crossing angle until around 60°, at which point further gains are minimal. Contrast also improves slightly at higher collection NAs, as the collection objective provides some additional optical sectioning at higher NAs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-impact-of-illumination-na-on-axial-resolution-for-a-an-2nv2iwm3.png Fig. 5. Impact of illumination NA on axial resolution for (a) an ODO system, (b) a NODO system at a crossing angle of 60°, and (c) a NOSO system using a 1.0 NA primary objective. In all cases, illumination NA is a primary driver of axial resolution. Collection NAs of 0.4 and 0.7 are shown, but trends are similar for other collection NAs. A diagram of each configuration is shown below each corresponding plot. https://scispace.com/papers/performances-and-robustness-of-a-fluorescent-sensor-for-3uvxmgs9t3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-relative-errors-o-obtained-from-the-ns-6-sensors-as-a-kdniayv0.png Fig. 11. Relative errors ǫ obtained from the Ns = 6 sensors as a function of the pH of the solution. For each pH value Ns bars are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-2r-2ph-values-obtained-from-the-sigmoid-function-357c6b7n.png Fig. 14. ∂2R/∂2pH values obtained from the sigmoid function shown in Fig. 10. According to (16), pKa = 6.92 pH. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-absorbance-has-been-investigated-by-measuring-the-1alchd4g.png Fig. 4. The absorbance has been investigated by measuring the attenuation of the light beam traversing the the three-layer structure realized by the substrate, the sensor and the PBS. I0 and IT are irradiances impinging and transmitted after traversing the three layers. On the other hand, fluorescence has been investigated by exciting the sensor and measuring the fluorescence from the bottom of the well. Ifl is the fluorescence irradiance. ds and dPBS are the (mean) thicknesses of the sensor and the PBS layer, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-picture-of-the-ns-6-sensors-produced-following-the-1paixavx.png Fig. 3. Picture of the Ns = 6 sensors produced following the procedure described in subsection II-A and using a 6-wells multi-well plate (model 657160 by Greiner) as substrate. The zoom shows the anion exchange microbeads “loaded” with HPTS and fixed to the substrate by the polyurethane hydrogel (microbeads sizes declared by the manufacturer: [200, 400] mesh). https://scispace.com/papers/performing-weak-calibration-at-the-microscale-application-to-1wfv1slrfe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-example-of-our-micro-calibration-pattern-for-the-t47o9zhz.png Fig. 8. Example of our micro calibration pattern for the stereomicroscope. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-mean-error-matching-on-images-of-the-micro-pattern-3a0bju2u.png Fig. 10. Mean error matching on images of the micro-pattern: mean error of matching (2500 features) according to the size of window for the rectangular and cha window. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-feature-points-detected-at-different-levels-and-2g4auf3b.png Fig. 9. Feature points detected at different levels, and afterwards assembled (lower right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-epipolar-geometry-2trotywo.png Fig. 1. Epipolar geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-top-the-stereo-images-of-microgripper-bottom-the-2mi3z2qz.png Fig. 11. Top, the stereo images of microgripper. Bottom, the surface reconstruction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-scheme-of-the-harris-simplex-wherenc-is-the-number-mm8v5pm3.png Fig. 4. The scheme of the Harris simplex. WhereNc∗ is the number of corners desired and Ncd the number of corners detected. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-tsukuba-stereo-images-384x-288-pixels-is-used-as-a-37wa5c5h.png Fig. 3. The Tsukuba stereo images (384× 288 pixels) is used as a benchmark. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-definition-of-a-corner-an-edge-or-a-flat-according-to-34hkynlq.png Fig. 2. Definition of a corner, an edge or a flat according to the detector response (R) and the eigenvalues (λ1, λ2). https://scispace.com/papers/perfusion-and-diffusion-mri-signatures-in-histologic-and-19bvlkas3s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coefficients-of-the-logistic-regression-models-26bqdrfh.png Table 1 Coefficients of the logistic regression models https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagram-illustrating-the-2007-and-2016-who-100ftfdq.png Fig. 1 Diagram illustrating the 2007 and 2016 WHO classification criteria for gliomas. (Top) Categories of grade II and III gliomas under the 2007 WHO criteria based on histological features using light microscopy and hematoxylin and eosin staining. (Bottom) Categories of grade II and III gliomas under the 2016 WHO criteria based on molecular genotype using IDH1 mutation status and 1p/19q codeletion https://scispace.com/papers/peri-meatal-pein-and-urethral-scc-a-case-report-h7388hd1gr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-invasive-urethral-squamous-cell-carcinoma-x40-l95s80kk.png Figure 2: Invasive urethral squamous cell carcinoma (x40 magnification). Biopsy and subsequent urethrec 216x162mm (72 x 72 DPI) https://scispace.com/papers/pericytes-directly-communicate-with-emerging-endothelial-28vjt2ue7g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pcs-differentiate-from-distinct-precursors-prior-to-12dyq43f.png Figure 5. PCs Differentiate from Distinct Precursors Prior to ECs. (A): Day 6 differentiated DR-ESCs (i-iv, v-viii) labeled for PECAM-1 (ii, vi; iv, viii). Arrows note Flk1-eGFPhigh ECs (i, v; greenhigh – iv, viii). Arrowheads note precursor Flk-1-eGFPlow mesoderm (i, v; greenlow – iv, viii). Nuclei, DAPI (iii, vii; iv, viii). See Online Video S3. https://scispace.com/papers/peridotite-and-pyroxenite-xenoliths-from-the-muskox-r8ql33pu35 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pressure-and-temperature-estimates-of-muskox-samples-341k3aw9.png Table 1. Pressure and temperature estimates of Muskox samples containing two pyroxenes and garnet Combined https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-thin-section-photomicrographs-a-plane-polarized-light-y5ncrvct.png Fig. 2. Thin section photomicrographs. (A) Plane polarized light (PPL). Coarse spinel peridotite composed of equant olivine and orthopyroxene grains and smaller, light brown translucent spinel. There is minimal serpentinization of all phases along grain boundaries. (B) PPL. Coarse spinel-garnet peridotite composed of equant olivine and orthopyroxene grains, light pink garnet and dark opaque spinel grains. Spinel is often hosted as an inclusion inside larger garnet grains. (C) PPL. Coarse garnet peridotite composed of large equant olivine, orthopyroxene and garnet grains showing moderate serpentinization of all phases along grain boundaries and in fractures. (D) PPL. Porphyroclastic peridotite composed of large olivine porphyroclasts and garnet grains partially surrounded by networks of olivine neoblasts. Garnet is filled with small dark inclusions of crystallized partial melt. (E) Cross polarized light (XPL). Garnet websterite composed of a large, single orthopyroxene grains intergrown with single crystals of anhedral clinopyroxene. A large dark patch in the center of the photograph is a cryptocrystalline aggregate of serpentine, phlogopite, spinel and carbonate possibly replacing garnet. (F) (XPL) Orthopyroxenite composed of a large single orthopyroxene grain, recrystallized into subgrains and small neoblasts along boundaries of larger grains. Mineral abbreviations here and in Fig. 3 are OL – olivine; OP – orthopyroxene; CP – clinopyroxene; GA – garnet; SP – spinel; AMP – amphibole; PH – phlogopite. All scale bars are 4 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pressure-and-temperature-estimates-for-muskox-1cxpajkw.png Table 2. Pressure and temperature estimates for Muskox samples containing two pyroxenes Combined Combined Geothermal Intercept https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-compositions-of-muskox-minerals-plotted-as-cr2o3-wt-vs-o69cso69.png Fig. 5. Compositions of Muskox minerals plotted as Cr2O3 wt. % vs. Mg# (molar Mg/(Mg+Fe) for (A) orthopyroxene, (B) clinopyroxene and (C) garnet. Muskox mineral compositions plotted https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pressure-and-temperature-estimates-for-muskox-2lahuwkw.png Table 3. Pressure and temperature estimates for Muskox samples lacking (A) clinopyroxene or (B) orthopyroxene A. Combined Combined Geothermal Intercept https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-equilibrium-pressure-temperature-estimates-for-muskox-nzmvv087.png Fig. 8. Equilibrium pressure-temperature estimates for Muskox peridotites (A) and pyroxenites (B) according to Brey and Kohler (1990). Solid line is the geotherm constrained for xenoliths from the Jericho kimberlite, calculated using the combined BK P/BK T (Kopylova et. al., 1999). Samples plotted as single points have both temperature and pressure calculated using the BK https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-evidence-for-metasomatism-in-muskox-peridotite-78ldl4ud.png Table 4. Evidence for metasomatism in Muskox peridotite xenoliths Shallow Zone https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-depth-distribution-of-rock-types-in-the-muskox-a-and-jt3dt93y.png Fig. 10. Depth distribution of rock types in the Muskox (A) and Jericho (B) mantle. Depths for Muskox samples are from Figs. 7, 8 and geothermal intercepts and BK P/BK T thermobarometric solution in Tables 1-3. Depths for Jericho samples are from BK P/BK T thermobarometric solutions (Kopylova et al., 1999). Depths of origin for Jericho and Muskox eclogites were computed using Nakamura (2009) intercepts with the Jericho geotherm and are based on 148 xenoliths reported in Kopylova et al., (accepted pending revisions). https://scispace.com/papers/peridinin-chlorophyll-a-proteins-of-dinoflagellate-algae-3n5ch6r3uf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-amino-acid-composition-of-purified-peridinin-1gvr2mv3.png Table I Amino Acid Composition of Purified Peridinin-chlorophyll ~ Proteins from . -1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gel-filtration-of-an-extract-of-amphidinium-3psiv4d5.png FIGURE 1. Gel filtration of an extract of Amphidinium carterae https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-isoelectric-focusing-of-the-peridinin-chlorophyll-a-2uvldqiq.png FIGURE 2. Isoelectric focusing of the peridinin-chlorophyll a https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-peridinin-chlorophyll-a-proteins-of-several-jdjv0khn.png Table II Peridinin-chlorophyll a Proteins of Several Dinoflagellates https://scispace.com/papers/periodic-layers-of-a-dodecagonal-quasicrystal-and-a-floating-4s6pb4yxph 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-top-view-of-the-first-layer-of-the-sediment-showing-2auwr2wx.png FIG. 13. Top view of the first layer of the sediment showing the melting of the hexagonal phase to a fluid for varying t/τMD as labeled. The particles are coloured according to their individual BOO, namely, quasicrystal (red), square (purple), hexagon (green), and fluid (orange). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-pressure-top-and-density-bottom-profiles-calculated-3c0t1abq.png FIG. 8. Pressure (top) and density (bottom) profiles calculated for the QC sedimentation column for Peclet numbers g* = 5.0 (left) and 2.0 (right) at t/τMD = 800. The stability regions of the dodecagonal quasicrystal (QC), square (SQ), and fluid (FL) phases in terms of the reduced pressure P∗2D = βPσ 2 HD as taken from Fig. 1 are marked. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-top-view-of-the-center-of-masses-of-particle-xdob3usf.png FIG. 6. Top view of the center-of-masses of particle configurations of the first and second layers obtained for the QC sediment with the Peclet number g* = 5.0 at t/τMD = 800. The particles in the bottom layer are plotted as filled circles in blue and the particles in the top layer are represented as open black circles. The gravitational field points into the plane of the paper as marked in the top-left corner. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-schematic-representation-of-the-energetic-driving-1oll3gep.png FIG. 7. Schematic representation of the energetic driving force behind the formation of layers with particles on top of each other. The particles in the bottom layer are plotted as filled circles in blue and the particles in the top layer are represented as open black circles. The direction of the gravitational field in each case in also marked on the top. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-side-view-of-a-configuration-of-the-low-density-25cgtqqg.png FIG. 11. (a) Side view of a configuration of the low-density hexagonal (LDH) sedimentation column obtained at t/τMD = 500. The particles are coloured according to their individual BOO: quasicrystal (red), square (purple), hexagon (green), and fluid (orange). (b) The BOO χl6 of each layer as a function of time showing the formation of layers with hexagonal symmetry. (c) Pressure and (d) density profiles calculated along the height of the sedimentation column. The stability regions of low-density hexagonal (LDH) and fluid (FL) phases in terms of reduced pressure P∗2D = βPσ 2 HD as taken from Fig. 1 are marked. (e) Identification of layers as FCC or HCP stacking in the sediment. The particles are coloured as FCC (red) and HCP (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-a-side-view-of-a-configuration-of-the-fl-1ug5btim.png FIG. 12. (a) Side view of a configuration of the FL sedimentation column obtained at t/τMD = 500. The particles are coloured according to their individual BOO: quasicrystal (red), square (purple), hexagon (green), and fluid (orange). (b) The BOO χl6 of each layer as a function of time showing the formation of layers with hexagonal symmetry. (c) Pressure and (d) density profiles calculated along the height of the sedimentation column. The stability regions of low-density hexagonal (LDH) and fluid (FL) phases in terms of reduced pressure P∗2D = βPσ 2 HD, as taken from Fig. 1, are marked. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-system-parameters-used-in-the-edbd-simulations-of-a-2pib6bb7.png TABLE I. System parameters used in the EDBD simulations of a HCSS system with δ = 1.40σHS under gravity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-side-view-of-a-configuration-of-the-sq-sedimentation-2f4lz5we.png FIG. 9. (a) Side view of a configuration of the SQ sedimentation column obtained at t/τMD = 1500. The particles are coloured according to their individual BOO: quasicrystal (red), square (purple), hexagon (green), and fluid (orange). (b) The BOO χl4 of each layer as a function of time showing the formation of layers with square symmetry. (c) Pressure and (d) density profiles calculated for the sedimentation column at t/τMD = 1500. The stability regions of square (SQ) and fluid (FL) phases in terms of reduced pressure P∗2D = βPσ 2 HD as taken from Fig. 1 are marked. https://scispace.com/papers/periodic-fast-radio-bursts-from-young-neutron-stars-2x34hquvc4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-period-p-in-ms-and-period-derivative-p-diagram-for-3k97a1ju.png Figure 1. Period (P, in ms) and period derivative (P ) diagram for pulsars and PFRBs. We show the known magnetars (from the McGill catalog Olausen & Kaspi 2014) as green triangles, and the canonical pulsars as a yellow blob. The known millisecond pulsars (MSPs) lie below the reach of this plot ( » -P 10 20 ). NSs with magnetic fields above =B 1014 G (shown as the dotted green line) can produce magnetically driven FRBs through flares. Here, instead, we focus on the less-magnetic NSs in the gray shaded area, which can emit periodic fast radio bursts (PFRBs) as supergiant pulses, powered through their spin-down. Below the black line, PFRBs would have a spin-down luminosity lower than 1041 erg s−1, crossing the FRB death line and becoming invisible (at half a Gpc). Above the blue-dashed line pulsars would have a characteristic age t < 10 yr, so their SNRs would be opaque to FRBs. We show, as a red star, the possible location for the second repeater R2 (FRB 180814), if the period of 13 ms is confirmed; and the red dashed–dotted lines represent its evolution over 103 yr assuming braking indices of n=2 and 3, respectively. We also show, as a brown star, a hypothetical young highly spinning NS, which we have dubbed P0, as a possible PFRB source, which would evolve to become a canonical pulsar (at around t = 106 yr, which is marked by the dashed cyan line). https://scispace.com/papers/periodic-orbits-and-non-integrability-in-a-cosmological-ciqza1lm11 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-regions-1234-for-h-0-and-m-6-0-1uu9bk66.png Figure 2. Regions Ω1,Ω2,Ω3,Ω4 for h < 0 and m 6= 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-regions-r1-r2-r3-r4-for-h-0-and-m-6-0-spigvny4.png Figure 1. Regions R1, R2, R3, R4 for h > 0 and m 6= 0. https://scispace.com/papers/periodic-single-photon-source-and-quantum-memory-4jezzjed7a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-experimental-demonstration-of-our-periodic-single-1q47gfca.png Figure 4. Experimental demonstration of our periodic single-photon source.11 The histograms show the number of coincident detections of the trigger photon and stored/released photon as a function relative time between the two detection events. The results indicate the ability to release the stored photon on command after 2, 3, 4, or 5 (13ns) round trips. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-schematic-overview-of-the-experimental-apparatus-385weow0.png Figure 5. A schematic overview of the experimental apparatus used to demonstrate a cyclical quantum memory device for single-photon qubits.12 The use of a polarizing-Sagnac interferometric switch allowed arbitrary qubit values to be coherently stored for a chosen number of cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-use-of-two-cyclical-quantum-memory-devices-cqms-27vm3u74.png Figure 8. The use of two cyclical quantum memory devices (CQM’s)12 to convert a source of heralded entangled photon pairs into a periodic source of entangled pairs.13 The heralding signal is used to activate the CQM’s, which stores the entangled pairs. The entangled pairs can then be switched out of the CQM’s when needed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-experimental-results-from-our-initial-demonstration-38w2ncoa.png Figure 6. Experimental results from our initial demonstration of a cyclical quantum memory (CQM) for single-photon qubits.12 The data plots in the upper row demonstrate the ability to store and release photons after a chosen number of cycles. For each of these peaks, the qubit-value (eg. polarization state) was measured with a polarization analyzer θ1 as shown in the lower row of plots. These results demonstrate the ability of the CQM to maintain the coherence of the single-photon qubit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-basic-idea-of-a-two-qubit-linear-optics-quantum-556ldsl2.png Figure 1. The basic idea of a two-qubit linear optics quantum gate. (a) illustrates a “traditional” controlled-NOT gate based on direct nonlinear couplings between the control and target photon qubits. (b) illustrates a probabilistic linear optics controlled-NOT gate,1 in which the required nonlinearity is essentially obtained by mixing the control and target qubits with N ancilla qubits, and then making projective measurements with a series of N ideal single-photon detectors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-linear-optics-quantum-gate-using-periodic-2snl69ga.png Figure 2. A linear optics quantum gate using periodic resources. Each of the N ancilla photons is supplied by a periodic photon source consisting of storage loop and switch (labelled S), while the input control and target photon qubits can be stored in cyclical quantum memory devices (CQM). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-production-of-a-heralded-entangled-photon-pair-by-2muuymnq.png Figure 7. Production of a heralded entangled photon pair by performing a CNOT operation on entangled pairs emitted by parametric down-conversion sources A and B.13 Ideal detectors following the CNOT gate are used to post-select (and herald) those cases in which the remaining two photons are in a specific entangled state. In this scenario the CNOT gate can be probabilistic, and the expanded view of the dashed box shows the use of our proposed linear optics CNOT gate based on polarizing beam splitters.7 The required values of the detected qubits are described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-simplified-schematic-of-our-periodic-pseudodemand-abwqygmz.png Figure 3. A simplified schematic of our periodic “pseudodemand” source of single-photons.11 A parametric downconversion crystal (PDC) is pumped by a low-power laser pulse train providing a source cycle-time of ∆τ . When a photon pair is actually produced, the detection of one of the photons activates an electro-optic (EO) switch that is used to re-route the twin photon into a storage loop. The stored photon can then be switched out after some number of cycles. https://scispace.com/papers/periodic-pattern-formation-in-reaction-diffusion-systems-an-2cukdk4bc9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-entering-governing-equations-of-the-reaction-3lqo8s38.png Figure 6. Entering governing equations of the reaction–diffusion system (equations 20) in the Excel spreadsheet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-definition-of-initial-conditions-and-discretization-1j2i86aw.png Figure 1. Definition of initial conditions and discretization in space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-numerical-simulation-of-the-reaction-diffusion-2rvu1lwf.png Figure 10. Numerical simulation of the reaction–diffusion model (equations 20) where the initial value of p at the left-most point is increased. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-time-course-of-numerical-simulation-of-the-reaction-i8vmo5wm.png Figure 8. Time-course of numerical simulation of the reaction–diffusion model (equations 20). The thick line represents the distribution of the activator and the thin line represents the distribution of the inhibitor. See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-numerical-calculation-results-of-the-reaction-3a0fxydi.png Figure 7. Numerical calculation results of the reaction–diffusion system (equations 20) by Excel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-numerical-result-of-the-reaction-diffusion-mbkxvdap.png Figure 9. The numerical result of the reaction–diffusion model (equations 20) where the domain size is changed from 0.5 to 2.0. Distribution of the activator is depicted. Each structure stays the same size, but the number of structures increases with an increase in domain length. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-numerical-simulations-of-the-reaction-diffusion-2trbz4x2.png Figure 17. Numerical simulations of the reaction–diffusion model (equations 22) in two spatial dimensions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-representation-of-the-reaction-term-1hzq7r42.png Figure 3. Schematic representation of the reaction term. https://scispace.com/papers/periodic-radio-resource-allocation-to-meet-latency-and-1ji9vj29k7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-packet-error-rate-for-different-mcss-and-snrs-the-s3obn3wp.png TABLE II PACKET ERROR RATE FOR DIFFERENT MCSS AND SNRS. THE FIRST VALUE CORRESPONDS TO THE ERROR RATE AFTER THE INITIAL TRANSMISSION AND THE SECOND CORRESPONDS TO THE HARQ ERROR RATE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-number-of-rbs-to-be-reserved-for-different-reliability-2pxf28he.png Fig. 4. Number of RBs to be reserved for different reliability targets for a mix of users with good and bad radio conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-number-of-rbs-to-be-reserved-for-different-mcs-br72pfcl.png Fig. 3. Number of RBs to be reserved for different MCS combination with Θ = 10−5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-mcs-combinations-3tq2ki2h.png TABLE III MCS COMBINATIONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-number-of-rbs-to-be-reserved-for-different-reliability-16dlgahg.png Fig. 5. Number of RBs to be reserved for different reliability targets when all UEs have a good SNR (15 dB). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-impact-of-delay-constraint-on-the-amount-of-spectrum-2llrt41w.png Fig. 6. Impact of delay constraint on the amount of spectrum to be reserved. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-model-1frq1pne.png Fig. 1. System model https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-assumptions-q63mbrn8.png TABLE I SIMULATION ASSUMPTIONS https://scispace.com/papers/periodically-modulated-thermal-convection-3szfkak24k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-instantaneous-temperature-fields-at-different-phases-16fdkzn3.png FIG. 2. (a) Instantaneous temperature fields at different phases in one modulation period for Ra ¼ 108, Pr ¼ 4.3, f ¼ 10−3. (b)–(d) Phase-averaged temperature profiles during one period for Ra ¼ 108, Pr ¼ 4.3 and different modulation frequencies, namely (b) without modulation; (c) f ¼ 10−1; (d) f ¼ 10−4. The horizontal axis is the temperature and the vertical axis is the height. The colorbar shows the bottom temperature (phase angle) from 0ð−π=2Þ to 2ðπ=2Þ. (e) Sketch of the relations between the three BLs [Stokes thermal BL (λS), thermal BL (λθ), momentum BL (λu)] for the three regimes (Pr ¼ 4.3): (i) λu > λθ > λS; (ii) λu > λS > λθ; (iii) λS > λu > λθ. Arrows represent the flow in the bulk. (b) Sketch of two different phases during one period for regime ii: (a) heating phase when θbot > 1 and (b) cooling phase when θbot < 1. (f) Phase-averaged center temperature for Ra ¼ 108, Pr ¼ 4.3. The red (blue) curve represents the phase when the bottom temperature is maximal (minimal). The dashed lines (from right to left) correspond to fonset and fopt for Nu. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-modulated-frequency-dependence-of-the-nusselt-number-lchc4y3i.png FIG. 1. (a) Modulated frequency dependence of the Nusselt number NuðfÞ, normalized by Nu0 ¼ Nuðf ¼ 0Þ, for different Rayleigh numbers and fixed Pr ¼ 4.3. (b) NuðfÞ=Nu0 for different Prandtl numbers and fixed Ra ¼ 108. (c) Global ReðfÞ normalized by the Re0 ¼ Reðf ¼ 0Þ for different Rayleigh numbers and fixed Pr ¼ 4.3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-normalized-nu-as-a-function-of-fra-1-6-for-different-1mhi2ded.png FIG. 3. (a) Normalized Nu as a function of fRa−1=6, for different Ra and Pr ¼ 4.3, (b) f Pr1=2. (c) f Pr3=2 for different Pr and Ra ¼ 108. Dashed lines show the onset frequency [where NuðfÞ starts to be affected, NuðfÞ=Nu0 ¼ 1.01] or optimal frequency [where NuðfÞ reaches the maximum], averaged for different Ra or Pr. Phase diagram (a) in the f vs Ra and (b) in the f vs Pr parameter spaces. In (a), the lower dashed line shows the optimal frequency fopt ¼ 0.65Ra−0.22 that corresponds to the maximal Nu. The upper dashed line shows the onset frequency fonset ¼ 0.015Ra0.14 that corresponds to the onset of the heat flux enhancement. In (b), the lower dashed line shows the optimal frequency fopt ¼ 0.06 Pr−1.35, while the upper one shows the onset frequency fonset ¼ 0.45Pr−0.65. The prefactors originate from fits to the DNS data for fopt and fonset [set to occur when NuðfÞ=Nu0 ¼ 1.01]; see Supplemental Material [42] for details on the fitting. https://scispace.com/papers/periodically-structured-x-ray-waveguides-gztddgnavj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-far-field-pattern-for-one-angular-position-of-the-e0s0nyl8.png Figure 6 (a) Far-field pattern for one angular position of the WG. The intensity in arbitrary units is given in gray scale (color in the on-line version) as a function of the detector pixel in the X (horizontal) and Y (vertical) directions. Along X the beam acquires a divergence of the order of /d because of diffraction at the exit of the WG. In the y direction the beam maintains its natural divergence of about 3 mrad. (b) Beam profile in the horizontal direction obtained by integrating the intensity distribution in (a) for 21 pixels along y. From the measure of the cross-section width it is possible to roughly derive the gap value d, resulting in about 240 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-between-experimental-results-and-pphits4f.png Figure 7 Comparison between experimental results and computer simulations. All the figures show the intensity distribution I( in, det) (see text and Fig. 1). (a) Experimental results. (b) Simulated pattern for a structured WG with grating period P = 200 mm. (c) Simulated pattern for a uniform WG. In (b) and (c) we considered the effective gap value deff = 241 nm and the incident energy E = 8 keV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketch-of-a-structured-x-ray-waveguide-with-only-sjuxdfsd.png Figure 1 Sketch of a structured X-ray waveguide with only one side structured with a grating. The incoming X-rays impinge on the WG at an angle in. L is the WG length, d is the gap value and P is the grating period. det are the diffraction angles measured with respect to the incident beam. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-simulated-transmission-coefficient-for-the-16u1zuud.png Figure 2 (a) Simulated transmission coefficient for the uniform (non-structured) WG (dashed line) and for the structured WG (solid line) as a function of the effective transverse dimension of the guiding layer. (b) Flux attenuation along the structured waveguide with vacuum gap deff = 241 nm (solid line) corresponding to super-resonance conditions deff = 225 nm (dotted line), deff = 280 nm (dashed line). In the calculation the incident photon energy was Einc = 8 keV, the WG length L = 4 mm and the grating period P = 200 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-variation-along-the-wg-of-the-intensity-integrated-a8mn0ft5.png Figure 4 Variation along the WG of the intensity integrated over the channel width, normalized to the incident integrated intensity, for different incident angles in, in (a) the structured WG, (b) the uniform WG. In both cases the vacuum gap was deff = 241 nm and the incident energy was 8 keV. The period P in the structured WG was 200 mm. The figure clearly shows selective transmission for the structured WG. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-interference-pattern-given-by-modes-propagating-3o79wlth.png Figure 3 Top: interference pattern given by modes propagating in the guiding layer with lateral dimensions deff equal to (a) 108 nm, (b) 176 nm, (c) 241 nm, (d) 305 nm. The color bar indicates intensity in a.u. Bottom: modal structure of the field propagated in the WG found as a Fourier transform of the field with respect to the optical axis of the waveguide (axis 0Z) for the same vacuum gaps: (e) 108 nm, ( f ) 176 nm, (g) 241 nm, (h) 305 nm. As in the previous figure the incident photon energy was Einc = 8 keV, the WG length L = 4 mm and the grating period P = 200 mm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-schematic-picture-of-the-wg-with-air-gap-two-4-mm-30s2m404.png Figure 5 (a) Schematic picture of the WG with air gap. Two 4 mm 8 mm Si slabs were firmly pressed one against the other. One slab has two Cr shoulders, about 200 nm thick, which leave one free channel with one nanometric dimension d corresponding to the WG gap, and one macroscopic dimension w (in this case 1 mm); one slab had in addition a periodic structure with period P = 200 mm along the WG length L (see Fig. 1). (b) Experimental set-up assembled at the cSAXS beamline for testing the structured WG. The beam was defined by two slit systems, defining a beam at the WG entrance of about 0.6 mm (H) 0.1 mm (V), with a divergence of about 18 mrad (H) 3 mrad (V). https://scispace.com/papers/periodically-swapping-modulation-psm-strategy-for-three-3g4p8u9zix 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-theoretical-caculation-equations-about-rms-values-3e0e0lom.png TABLE IV THEORETICAL CACULATION EQUATIONS ABOUT RMS VALUES OF CURRENTS ON S1 - S4 AND AVERAGE VALUES OF CURRENTS ON D1 - D4 (USING MOSFET) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-theoretical-caculation-equations-about-average-2rtors4q.png TABLE III THEORETICAL CACULATION EQUATIONS ABOUT AVERAGE VALUES OF CURRENTS ON S1 - S4 AND D1 - D4 (USING IGBT) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-efficiency-curves-with-various-input-voltages-vo-50-v-1fmmyt6d.png Fig. 16. Efficiency curves with various input voltages (Vo = 50 V). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-parameters-of-experimental-prototype-3mss9jzx.png TABLE II PARAMETERS OF EXPERIMENTAL PROTOTYPE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-calculated-conduction-power-losses-of-primary-power-9mhkxsso.png Fig. 17. Calculated conduction power losses of primary power switches (Vin = 550 V, Vo = 50 V, and Po = 1 kW). Note: in the https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-of-simulation-model-w745t9kz.png TABLE I PARAMETERS OF SIMULATION MODEL https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-experimental-comparison-results-about-thermal-3g8mjf1m.png Fig. 15. Experimental comparison results about thermal stresses on the primary power switches (Vin = 550 V, Vo = 50 V, and Po = 1 kW). (a) Conventional asymmetrical modulation strategy. (b) Proposed modulation strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-circuit-structure-of-four-switch-tl-dc-dc-converter-34qolt1l.png Fig. 1. (a) Circuit Structure of four-switch TL DC/DC converter. (b) Conventional asymmetrical modulation strategy [16] with main operation waveforms. https://scispace.com/papers/periodontal-disease-may-associate-with-breast-cancer-1jsebti4ws 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-the-multiple-logistic-regression-analysis-19vi30rq.png Table 3 Results of the multiple logistic regression analysis. Breast cancer was the dependent variable and age, gender, education level, socio economic status, working history, https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographic-and-clinical-oral-data-for-subjects-with-3p2bkelr.png Table 2 Demographic and clinical oral data for subjects with periodontitis 1985, with and without breast cancer 2001 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-clinical-oral-health-data-of-subjects-of-1u3ck3vf.png Table 1 Demographic clinical oral health data of subjects of Group A with or without diagnosed periodontal disease at the baseline examination in 1985. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-percentage-of-breast-cancer-in-subjects-with-1ej1r76j.png Table 5 Percentage of breast cancer in subjects with periodontal disease with or without any missing molar teeth. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-study-profile-13n6aa3q.png Fig. 1 Study profile https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-percentage-of-breast-cancer-2001-for-subjects-in-a-qb7l0m5z.png Table 4 Percentage of breast cancer 2001† for subjects in A with periodontitis and periodontitis with missing any molar as well as subjects with no periodontitis and no missing teeth and subjects in B. https://scispace.com/papers/perioperative-amplitude-integrated-eeg-and-neurodevelopment-njra8kckok 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predominant-background-aeeg-pattern-at-each-phase-usbsh5zi.png Figure 2. Predominant background aEEG pattern at each phase of recording. The reduction in data available for all recording phase, especially during surgery (Phase 2), is related to artefact-affected or missing intraoperative data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-surgical-details-of-included-2n8zjcup.png Table 1. Demographic and surgical details of included participants (n=150). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relationship-between-cardiac-category-and-occurrence-1v5doi35.png Table 2. Relationship between cardiac category and occurrence of electrical seizures and median aEEG recovery time. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-impact-of-delay-in-recovery-of-aeeg-beyond-48-hours-2a8zgmwt.png Table 3. Impact of delay in recovery of aEEG beyond 48 hours post-operatively on two-year outcome. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-intra-operative-aeeg-ten-seconds-of-raw-trace-for-3n1ze4rx.png Figure 1. Intra-operative aEEG. Ten seconds of raw trace for each hemisphere (top two traces); and the time-compressed aEEG trace (bottom two traces) over five hours. A) Anesthetic induction and commencement of surgery; B) cooling and maintenance of hypothermia (complete suppression of the background trace); C) rewarming and cessation of CPB; D) conclusion of surgery. Electrical seizure (orange arrow highlighting correlation between aEEG and raw trace) occurring during rewarming following CPB and circulatory arrest. https://scispace.com/papers/perioperative-nutrition-what-do-we-know-1ldnksy7ql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-components-of-enhanced-recovery-after-surgery-eras-i44fsid4.png Table I: Components of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols.4,5,7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-speculative-effects-of-combined-arginine-and-2x4qnt6s.png Table II: Speculative effects of combined arginine and glutamine14 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proposed-mechanism-by-which-immunonutrients-could-3a86vnga.png Figure 1: Proposed mechanism by which immunonutrients could possibly increase circulating arginine levels in surgical patients https://scispace.com/papers/peripapillary-perfused-capillary-density-in-true-versus-42onv1v3sr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-and-demographic-data-of-tex-pex-and-control-kr9caypb.png Table 1 Clinical and demographic data of TEX, PEX and control groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-differences-in-globular-annular-pcd-among-tex-and-ov8a1x3d.png Table 2 Differences in globular, annular PCD among TEX and PEX comparing with control group https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-differences-in-globular-annular-pcd-between-tex-and-2pq1dfcn.png Table 3 Differences in globular, annular PCD between TEX and PEX https://scispace.com/papers/perioperative-outcomes-of-three-port-robotically-assisted-243e9yycj2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hohl-uterine-manipulator-38t29juk.png Fig. 1 Hohl uterine manipulator https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-introduction-of-the-vaginal-extractor-into-the-vagina-bhyklbob.png Fig. 3 Introduction of the vaginal extractor into the vagina https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-three-port-installation-before-docking-the-da-vinci-1y0tw3zs.png Fig. 2 Three-port installation before docking the da Vinci system https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-preoperative-characteristics-n-53-hw1dvual.png Table 1 Preoperative characteristics (N = 53) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-operative-characteristics-outcomes-n-53-2gswtdp4.png Table 2 Operative characteristics (outcomes) (N = 53) https://scispace.com/papers/perioperative-fast-track-program-in-intraoperative-3bwb761748 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-characteristics-e2zke1yt.png Table 1. Patient characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pci-morbidity-mortality-type-of-drug-used-in-hipec-1dn5pi8z.png Table 4. PCI, Morbidity, mortality, type of drug used in HIPEC and hospital stay in some of the main studies published of patients with cytoreduction and HIPEC in advanced overian carcinoma and the present series. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-morbidity-after-surgical-cytoreduction-and-hipec-in-2gktanuy.png Table 3. Morbidity after surgical cytoreduction and HIPEC in advanced ovarian cancer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pci-surgical-procedure-completeness-cytoreductive-nxjyu3s5.png Table 2. PCI, surgical procedure, Completeness Cytoreductive Score (CCS), surgery time and hospital stay until discharge. https://scispace.com/papers/peripheral-blood-gene-expression-and-igg-glycosylation-100bia6413 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-clinical-assessment-of-patients-by-acr-criteria-3ulk382c.png Figure 1. Clinical assessment of patients by ACR criteria; DAS28 improvement and PCA analysis. A. Circles and squares indicate female and male patients, respectively. Numbers represent individual patients based on assessment included in Table 1. Patients are classified by ACR criteria (ACR0–20 to ACR70, y-axis from bottom to top); by DAS28 improvement between baseline and Week 14 (0–6, x-axis, from right to left); and by DAS28 value at Week 14 (at right, lowest to highest values, from top to bottom in each horizontal section). B. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on data from all patients as 1 group using measures such as responder status, age, gender, smoking status, duration of disease, DAS28, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) at Week 0, 4, and 14. Black circles represent nonresponders. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gene-expression-differences-between-responders-and-1rurc6dt.png Figure 2. Gene expression differences between responders and nonresponders. A. Gene expression differences based on microarray experiments between responders and nonresponders. Gender-specific gene expression differences were subtracted, leading to a list of 686 probe sets differentiating between responder statuses without differences caused by gender. Changes in 4 genes, CCDC32, DHFR, EPHA4, and TRAV8-3, remained statistically significant after correction for multiple testing (Benjamini-Hochberg). B. Normalized mRNA levels of genes CCDC32, DHFR, EPHA4, and TRAV8-3 (with SD) showing significant differences between responders and nonresponders were validated by RT-QPCR measurements. Normalized mRNA levels of the indicated genes for each patient are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1a-patient-measures-32j2u8tg.png Table 1A. Patient measures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nine-gene-lists-were-evaluated-by-canonical-2wa6fa3v.png Figure 3. Nine gene lists were evaluated by canonical variates analysis. The power of canonical correlation decreases from left to right. Red bars represent responders, blue bars represent nonresponders. The bigger the space between the groups and the less the overlap among samples, the higher the power of separation of the gene list. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1b-patient-measures-in-responders-and-nonresponders-l1xel34a.png Table 1A. Patient measures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-measuring-the-degree-of-galactosylation-of-n-15bx79t4.png Figure 4. Measuring the degree of galactosylation of N-glycans of IgG. A. Percentage of area under the curve (AUC) of IgG G0 at baseline shows a decrease in responders compared to nonresponders. B. Percentage of AUC of IgG G0 after treatment at Week 4 shows a decrease in responders compared to nonresponders. C. Percentage of AUC of IgG G0 at baseline shows a significant decrease in samples obtained after treatment at Week 4 compared to those obtained at baseline. Matching samples from the same patients are connected to each other between baseline and after treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-significant-differences-in-gene-expression-between-1hjmgx4b.png Table 2A. Significant differences in gene expression between baseline and Week 4. https://scispace.com/papers/perm-processing-provenance-and-data-on-the-same-data-model-507h8vgc3b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-perm-algebra-3mgf6hsx.png Fig. 1: The Perm algebra https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-application-of-rewrite-rules-2gnnl1gf.png Fig. 4: Example application of rewrite rules https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-database-103zav0m.png Fig. 2: Example database https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-query-tree-rewrite-138hw2u9.png Fig. 8: Query tree rewrite https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-perm-provenance-rewrite-rules-35uvqe3l.png Fig. 3: Perm provenance rewrite rules https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-query-tree-rewrite-26zy1ano.png Fig. 6: Query tree rewrite https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-rewrite-algorithm-34xwexzt.png Fig. 7: Rewrite algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-execution-time-comparison-with-trio-2rdyu9l8.png Fig. 15: Execution Time Comparison with Trio https://scispace.com/papers/permanent-magnet-synchronous-generator-supplying-an-isolated-137yt1if4w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cross-section-of-prototype-pmsg-with-inset-rotor-2ybihctq.png Fig. 1. Cross-section of prototype PMSG with inset rotor construction feeding a rectifier load https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-shows-the-computed-flux-density-distribution-at-v2ps0ph6.png Fig. 10 shows the computed flux density distribution at different radial positions of a rotor magnet at the same time instant. It is observed that there are regions in the rotor magnet with flux reversal, i.e., flux density less than zero. This implies that partial demagnetisation in the magnet will result subsequent to a terminal three-phase short circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-computed-air-gap-flux-density-distribution-of-pmsg-1lm3l5ja.png Fig. 9. Computed air gap flux density distribution of PMSG when phase A is carrying maximum instantaneous short-circuit current https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-computed-and-experimental-waveforms-of-phase-voltage-3c44ztyw.png Fig. 4. Computed and experimental waveforms of phase voltage and phase current when the PMSG is supplying a load resistance of 9.1 Ω per phase https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-computed-harmonics-in-the-phase-voltage-when-the-pmsg-11ge8e4w.png Fig. 5. Computed harmonics in the phase voltage when the PMSG is supplying a resistive load https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-computed-and-experimental-waveforms-of-no-load-phase-3nkymo4u.png Fig. 3. Computed and experimental waveforms of no-load phase voltage https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cross-section-of-pmsg-with-surface-inset-rotor-and-the-37lv3xe6.png Fig. 2. Cross-section of PMSG with surface-inset rotor and the flux plot obtained from FEA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-waveforms-of-phase-current-when-the-pmsg-is-supplying-2a0iwxco.png Fig. 12. Waveforms of phase current when the PMSG is supplying a rectifier load (RL = 9.2 Ω) https://scispace.com/papers/permeability-measurements-using-oscillatory-flows-3dvjimxxlu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-table-of-the-several-porous-media-parameters-2pbjpoj8.png Table 1 Summary table of the several porous media parameters used for the experiments. The porous media are composed of packed glass beads of average diameter d and porosity φ. The length L0 corresponds to the height of the grain pile in the flow cell. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-table-of-the-averaged-permeability-334i5spp.png Table 2 Summary table of the averaged permeability measurements for each set of packed beads. The angled brackets represent the average among experiments performed with the same porous medium. The results present the measurements of the permeability K0, the hydraulic resistance RH , the phase shift ϕ and the cross-correlation coefficient γ 2 between the pressure and flow rate signals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-between-the-permeabilities-measured-in-2rbf62c0.png Fig. 6 Comparison between the permeabilities measured in oscillating measurements K0 and by drainageKDr for 50 experiments. The black line corresponds to the straight lineK0 = KDr. The average discrepancy between the two measurements is 3%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-measurements-of-the-hydraulic-resistance-from-drainage-1xkpc7om.png Fig. 9 Measurements of the hydraulic resistance from drainage experiments performed with 1mm diameter glass beads (E). Top: fit of the integrated signal (1/RH) ∫ t 0 Π (magenta line) to the measurements of V (t) (blue dots) with RH as a fitting parameter. We find RH = 2.3.108Pa.s.m−3. Bottom: validation of the fit by comparing the values of Q(t) computed with numerical differentiation of V (t) (blue dots) with the scaled signal of Π(t)/RH (magenta line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-of-the-amplitudes-of-the-harmonics-of-3k9k7c2g.png Fig. 10 Comparison of the amplitudes of the harmonics of frequencies i.f0 of the pressure (πi) and flow rate (qi) signals. All the harmonics gather on the same straight line for each set of packed beads as a consequence of Darcy’s law in the frequency space. The legend indicates the values of the linear regression coefficient computed for each porous medium. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-representation-of-the-flow-cell-from-a-side-view-the-2l49ebm9.png Fig. 4 Representation of the flow cell from a side view. The blue rectangles represent the hydraulic resistances corresponding to each component of the flow cell. These components are identified by their index and are characterised by their length along the flow direction Li and their hydraulic resistance Ri. They are respectively the porous medium (of hydraulic resistance R0), the two grid meshes enclosing it (R1 and R2) and the two flow portions linked to the pressure sensor inputs (R3 and R4). The fluid in the pipes connected to the pressure sensor is static. The corresponding hydrostatic pressure drop is −ρgh where h is the equivalent liquid height. The red arrows represent the pressure drops ∆Pi across each component. ∆P is the pressure difference measured by the pressure sensor and Q denotes the flux across the flow cell. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-the-spectra-of-the-pressures-p-blue-line-b5pzoo44.png Fig. 5 Comparison of the spectra of the pressures Π (blue line) and RHQ (red dots).The bottom graph is a close up on high frequencies. In this example, we have RH = 7.60.10 7 ± 2.8.104Pa.s.m−3 and the normalized cross correlation coefficient between the two signals is γ2 = 0.9989. The signals analysed here are the same as figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-signals-involved-in-the-acquisition-and-the-data-7imuuokb.png Fig. 3 Signals involved in the acquisition and the data processing. a) input voltage delivered to the shaker. The vertical dashed lines denote the positions of its extremal values on all the other graphs. The extremal values of the input voltage correspond to the extremal values of the pressure drop and the volumetric flow rate. b): Raw measurements of the pressure drop ∆P , oriented opposite to gravity. c) Volume of fluid displaced in the flow cell by the piston V (t) (bottom) and the corresponding displacement of the fluid inside the flow cell. d) Signal of the flux through the flow cell computed with equation 13, and the corresponding values of the filtration velocities. https://scispace.com/papers/permeability-and-thermal-transport-in-compressed-open-celled-5awg082brd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-flow-chart-of-the-coupling-methodology-3utsn4pb.png Figure 5. Flow chart of the coupling methodology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-unit-cell-structures-and-their-corresponding-1-8th-pazpdiwa.png Figure 6. Unit cell structures and their corresponding 1/8th foam geometries. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-representation-of-foam-geometry-244c1ckt.png Figure 1. (a) Schematic representation of foam geometry creation, and (b) sample images of foam geometry created for BCC, FCC, and A15 arrangements of spherical pores [15]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-normalized-permeability-versus-strain-for-aluminum-1so9y8fk.png Figure 10. Normalized permeability versus strain for aluminum foams. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-1-8th-foam-geometries-at-two-compression-levels-3-1i0uhedq.png Figure 9. 1/8th foam geometries at two compression levels (3% and 10%): (a) Φ0 = 0.79 and (b) Φ0 = 0.94. Uncompressed shape is shown in outline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-8th-foam-geometry-and-corresponding-periodic-30rojf7j.png Figure 2. 1/8th foam geometry and corresponding periodic implementation for mechanical compression. Also shown is the expected compressed foam envelope (dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-predicted-effective-conductivity-k-of-c-mpressed-30mu41vb.png Figure 14. Predicted effective conductivity (k) of c mpressed aluminum foam-air system for two different porosities. Also plotted are available numerical, semi-empirical models and experimental measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-nusselt-number-nuk-variation-with-modified-peclet-b65n0nyj.png Figure 13. Nusselt number (NuK) variation with modified Peclet number (PeK) for two base foam porosities (Φ0 =0.79 and 0.94) at different compressions (ε = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.1). https://scispace.com/papers/permanent-tuning-of-quantum-dot-transitions-to-degenerate-4kfurxuak6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-sketch-of-the-micropillar-structure-used-26lofjmw.png FIG. 1. Color online Sketch of the micropillar structure used in the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-voltage-resolved-photoluminescence-plots-qrcto3rt.png FIG. 3. Color online Voltage-resolved photoluminescence plots for the holes described in Fig. 2. Originally, the cavity mode is nondegenerate splitting around 140 eV and QD-3 is around 0.5 meV detuned to the blue-side of the cavity mode. Burning 6 holes reduces the splitting to about 15 eV and QD-3 is about 0.1 meV detuned. Applying isotropic strain, by burning pair of holes along orthogonal direction, the dot can be brought into resonance with the cavity mode, without destroying the mode degeneracy see plot for 11 holes, bottom right . See Fig. 2 for the position of the holes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-frequency-splitting-of-the-two-xs45qp7b.png FIG. 2. Color online Frequency splitting of the two orthogonally-polarized submodes of the fundamental cavity mode as a function of the burnt holes. https://scispace.com/papers/permeability-in-rotliegend-gas-sandstones-to-gas-and-brine-5enbtvbyji 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-differential-nmr-t2-plots-and-radii-obtained-from-3o8y3mie.png Figure 3: Differential NMR T2-plots and radii obtained from incremental mercury injection (Hg) using the Washburn equation for representative samples with a lower mean (samples A) and a higher mean https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-thickness-of-bound-water-6-that-would-need-to-1rgqyhlr.png Figure 11: The thickness of bound water, 6, that would need to be invoked in order to account for the measured difference between gas and brine permeability if the same pores controlled flow. The mobile porosity to brine may be lower than to gas due to a combination of bound water on the mineral surface and to illite fibres that are perpendicular to the grain surface in a saturated sample but collapse on the grain surface during drying. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-porosity-and-gas-permeability-at-in-situ-yhrtdbij.png Figure 4: a) Porosity and gas permeability, , at in situ confining stress for 63 samples divided into five subgroups based on mineralogy. b) The ratio of gas permeability to brine permeability, ), ranges between 1 and 30 and shows no correlation with porosity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-permeability-for-each-segment-of-the-porosity-1nhrdcwj.png Figure 8: The permeability for each segment of the porosity distribution is shown for the pores that dominate permeability by assuming surface relaxivity ρ =10 m/s. To achieve the measured permeability only a part of the porosity is required. This is 50%, 40% and 90% of the total porosity in samples 1A, 4A and 5B respectively. The full pore size distribution, 8 is shown by the dashed grey line; vertical dashed black lines indicate the cut-off , , ' when permeability is modelled using 5 = 6 m/s and 5 = 14 m/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-histogram-of-pixel-intensity-for-a-backscatter-aijpey58.png Figure 1: Histogram of pixel intensity for a backscatter electron microscopy image of sample 1A. Threshold 1 separates solid grains, with a higher intensity, from clay minerals and pore volume. Threshold 2 separates pixels that contain clay minerals and pore volume, with a higher intensity, from pore volume without clay minerals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-representative-backscatter-electron-microscopy-bsem-cl8cob6n.png Figure 2: Representative backscatter electron microscopy (BSEM) images for a sample with a lower mean NMR (samples A) and a sample with a higher mean (samples B) from each of the five groups. Below BSEM images are processed images where white pixels are grains, grey pixels contain clay minerals and porosity and black pixels are clay-free porosity. Pixel length of images used for image analysis is 3 m/pixel, and for close up images 0.6 m/pixel. Orientation unknown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scanning-electron-microscopy-sem-image-of-illite-in-ndntsyzf.png Figure 5: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of illite in sample 3B. Dense tangential mats of illite can be seen on the grain surface as well as illite fibres that protrude into the pore space perpendicular to grains. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-permeability-is-shown-up-to-the-maximum-where-29dmhwae.png Figure 10: The permeability is shown up to the maximum , , ', where the cumulative equals the measured permeability for gas. Brine permeability is shown for the immobile layer thickness, 6, which https://scispace.com/papers/permeation-of-hyaluronan-tetrasaccharides-through-hairless-2rjyv9kq7x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-3rj93r09.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-vgzo9l2v.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-efhrdwb7.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-2rk6vcke.png Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1xfk3s1u.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3mqurrgq.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-in-vitro-skin-permeation-of-ha4-across-sc-stripped-3uusrvg5.png Table 1 In vitro skin permeation of HA4 across SC-stripped skin and full-thickness skin https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-in-vitro-skin-permeation-of-ha4-at-different-k17we6z6.png Table 2 In vitro skin permeation of HA4 at different concentrations across SC-stripped skin and full-thickness skin https://scispace.com/papers/permittivity-and-permeability-of-epoxy-magnetite-powder-1gklabzkfm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dielectric-permittivity-and-magnetic-permeability-for-3r3xzfex.png FIG. 6. Dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability for Mag27, the real parts (Real ϵ and Real μ) are plotted in red, while the imaginary parts (Imag ϵ and Imag μ) are plotted in blue. The solid line represents the best fit, while the shadowed area between the dashed lines shows the 1 σ uncertainty after the fitting routine. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-dielectric-blue-and-magnetic-red-loss-tangent-for-26lnvqet.png FIG. 8. Dielectric (blue) and magnetic (red) loss tangent for Mag27 and Mag60. The solid line represents the best fit, while the shadowed area between the dashed lines shows the 1 σ uncertainty after the fitting routine. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-measurement-setup-two-horns-antenna-are-facing-each-2av6j8a1.png FIG. 1. (a) Measurement setup. Two horns antenna are facing each other with the thin flat sample on the aperture of one of the antennas. Transmission and reflection data are measured using a VNA. (b) One of the measured samples with a 1 euro coin for size reference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-transmission-data-and-fit-for-mag27-data-and-the-drgjjouf.png FIG. 2. Transmission data and fit for Mag27. Data and the result of the analysis are split in three sub-plots for clarity: (a) X, Ku, K, Ka, and Q bands; (b) V and W bands; and (c) D band. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-reflection-data-and-simulated-data-based-on-the-1yrekszv.png FIG. 4. Reflection data and simulated data based on the extracted permittivity and permeability for Mag27. Data and the result of the analysis are split in three sub-plots for clarity: (a) X, Ku, K, Ka, and Q bands; (b) V and W bands; (c) D band. https://scispace.com/papers/permutation-flowshop-scheduling-by-genetic-local-search-43td63nv0j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-best-move-to-the-next-previous-block-is-3musuufv.png Figure 1: The best move to the next/previous block is selected as a representative. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-the-taillard-benchmark-problems-1ue4tego.png Table 1: Results of the Taillard benchmark problems https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1841-distinct-local-optima-obtained-from-2500-short-2r29h15r.png Figure 2: 1841 distinct local optima obtained from 2500 short term local search for the ta011 (20 10) problem and 2313 distinct local optima for the ta021 (20 20) problem are plotted in terms of (a) average distance from other local optima and (b) distance from global optima (x-axis), against their relative objective function values (y-axis). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-analysis-of-1000-random-local-optima-for20-10-3j44rj87.png Figure 3: analysis of 1000 random local optima for20 10 flowshop problem. The x-axis shows precedence-based distance from the global minimum and the y-axis shows the makespan. https://scispace.com/papers/perovskite-solar-cells-with-large-area-cvd-graphene-for-3x3x6ruigd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-transmission-spectra-of-glass-sno2-f-solid-black-1xnxi74o.png Figure 4. Transmission spectra of glass/SnO2:F (solid black line), the perovskite top solar cell 2 layer stack glass/SnO2:F/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/spiro-OMeTAD (dotted blue line), and of 3 glass/SnO2:F/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/spiro-OMeTAD/graphene/support (solid red line). Absorption 4 of CH3NH3PbI3 on glass (dotted olive line). 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summarized-solar-cell-parameters-a-the-a-si-h-c-si-swms3j1c.png Table 2. Summarized solar cell parameters: (a) the a-Si:H/c-Si single solar cell, (b) the a-Si:H/c-9 Si solar cell as bottom solar cell in a 4-terminal tandem with a graphene based perovskite top cell 10 as optical filter, (c) the graphene based perovskite top solar cell, and (d) the perovskite/a-Si:H/c-11 Si four terminal tandem efficiency . 12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-external-eqe-and-internal-quantum-efficiency-iqe-1l7djmyb.png Figure 3. External (EQE) and internal quantum efficiency (IQE) spectra. The open red circles 8 and full black squares correspond to the measured EQE of the graphene and Au contact, 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-external-and-internal-quantum-efficiency-spectra-di7f6b9b.png Figure 5. a) External and internal quantum efficiency spectra of the single a-Si:H/c-Si solar cell, 2 (open circles EQE, dashed line IQE), and EQE of the a-Si:H/c-Si bottom solar cell, measured 3 with graphene based perovskite solar cell as optical filter (full squares). b) Current density-4 voltage characteristics of the single a-Si:H/c-Si solar cell, (open red circles), and the a-Si:H/c-Si 5 bottom solar cell under reduced light intensity calibrated to match JSC as obtained from the EQE 6 measurement. 7 https://scispace.com/papers/perovskite-nanoparticle-sensitized-ga2o3-nanorod-arrays-for-z0mr3toexl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-carbon-monoxide-gas-sensing-test-results-a-current-22fai53q.png Figure 4. Carbon monoxide gas sensing test results: (a) Current−time characteristics of β-Ga2O3; β-Ga2O3/LSFO 5 nm; β-Ga2O3/LSFO 10 nm; βGa2O3/Pt composite nanorod tested at 500 °C with N2 as background atmosphere; (b) sensitivity versus CO concentrations characteristics of βGa2O3; β-Ga2O3/LSFO; β-Ga2O3/Pt composite nanorod tested at 500 °C; (c) response time versus CO concentrations characteristics of β-Ga2O3; β-Ga2O3/LSFO; β-Ga2O3/Pt composite nanorod tested at 500 °C; (d) recovery time versus CO concentrations characteristics of β-Ga2O3; βGa2O3/LSFO; β-Ga2O3/Pt composite nanorod tested at 500 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-tem-image-of-a-gaooh-nanorod-grown-at-150-degc-37o87mti.png Figure 3. (a) TEM image of a GaOOH nanorod grown at 150 °C, and the inset is the corresponding electron diffraction pattern indicating the GaOOH nanorod growth plane is parallel to (111). (b) TEM image of a β-Ga2O3 nanorod annealed at 1000 °C for 4 h, and the inset is the corresponding electron diffraction pattern indicating the growth plane is parallel to (001). (c) TEM image of postannealing β-Ga2O3 coated with LSFO 5 nm, and inset is the electron diffraction pattern corresponding to the nanowire in c, which shows the preferred growth plane of β-Ga2O3 nanorod is (001). (d) TEM image of postannealing β-Ga2O3 coated with Pt particles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-x-ray-diffraction-xrd-patterns-of-a-gaooh-nanorod-18kdo29t.png Figure 1. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of (a) GaOOH nanorod arrays, (b) β-Ga2O3 nanorod arrays, (c) β-Ga2O3/Pt particles nanorod arrays, (d) β-Ga2O3/LSFO nanorod arrays. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-top-view-and-b-45deg-tilt-view-sem-images-of-mva8b0f2.png Figure 2. (a) Top-view and (b) 45° tilt-view SEM images of GaOOH nanowires grown at 150 °C. (c) Corresponding GaOOH energydispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum. (d) Cross-sectional view SEM image of GaOOH nanorod array. (e) Top-view SEM image of the βGa2O3 nanorods from GaOOH nanorods annealed at 1000 °C for 4 h, and coated with (f) LSFO and (g) Pt particles. All scale bars are 1 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-gas-sensing-enhancing-mechanism-a-b-ga2o3-and-lsfo-9ak273bs.png Figure 6. Gas sensing enhancing mechanism. (a) β-Ga2O3 and LSFO decorated β-Ga2O3 nanorods in N2 atmosphere. (b) β-Ga2O3 and LSFO decorated β-Ga2O3 nanorods in CO/N2 atmosphere. (c) Spillover-like effect model in LSFO nanoparticle decorated β-Ga2O3 nanorod surface in CO/N2 atmosphere; DL, carrier depletion layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-x-ray-photoemission-spectra-of-a-la-3d-b-fe-2p-and-2yyin6km.png Figure 5. X-ray photoemission spectra of (a) La 3d, (b) Fe 2p, and (c) O 1s for LSFO/β-Ga2O3. https://scispace.com/papers/perovskite-supported-palladium-for-methane-oxidation-32tw9zi0io 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-selected-in-situ-transmission-xanes-spectra-at-the-pd-z5j683ph.png Fig. 2. Selected in situ transmission XANES spectra at the Pd K-edge during H2-TPR of PdO/ LaFeO3 and La(Fe,Pd)O3 (5 vol% H2/He). The arrows indicate the shift of energy upon reduction. Adapted from ref. [9]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physico-chemical-properties-of-pd-free-and-pd-1x0u01z4.png Table 1. Physico-chemical properties of Pd-free and Pd-substituted LaMnO3, LaFeO3 and LaCoO3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-transmission-xanes-spectra-at-the-pd-k-edge-of-a-la-fe-2968brqa.png Fig. 1. Transmission XANES spectra at the Pd K-edge of (a) La(Fe,Pd)O3, PdO/LaFeO3, and PdO/ Al2O3; (b) La(Mn,Pd)O3 and La(Co,Pd)O3. The simulated spectrum of LaFe0.95Pd0.05O3 is also reported in (a) for comparison. (c) Corresponding FT-EXAFS. Adapted from refs. [9] and [10]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-selected-time-resolved-quickexafs-spectra-of-la-fe-3dwakvbp.png Fig. 4. (a) Selected time-resolved quickEXAFS spectra of La(Fe,Pd)O3 and PdO/ Al2O3 representing oxidized and reduced states of Pd obtained during a modulation experiment consisting of 4 vol% O2/He pulses in a 1 vol% CH4/He low at 500 °C (see ref. [19] for details). The arrows indicate the reversible shift of edge energy value in response to periodic reducing and oxidizing conditions. (b) Corresponding phase-resolved data; for PdO/Al2O3 only one spectrum is shown for simplicity. (c) MS data for m/z 44 (CO2; La(Fe,Pd) O3, PdO/Al2O3) and 15 (CH4; La(Fe,Pd) O3, PdO/Al2O3). Adapted from ref. [18]. https://scispace.com/papers/peroxibase-a-class-iii-plant-peroxidase-database-1vg5ygp05g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-procedure-of-data-analysis-for-generation-of-the-3uo6cbw9.png Fig. 1. Procedure of data analysis for generation of the PeroxiBase. Various EST and genomic databases have been used as sources of peroxidase encoding sequence. https://scispace.com/papers/peroxisome-assembly-in-yeast-159qk4a9m0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-restoration-of-peroxisome-formation-in-pex4-cell-a-neib0an6.png Fig. 5. Restoration of peroxisome formation in pex4 cell (A) upon overexpression of Pex5p (B). In pex4 cells, only a few remnants are visualized while the transformant that overproduces Pex5p contains several normal peroxisomes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-the-size-and-number-of-peroxisomes-in-1mjpqorw.png Fig. 1. Comparison of the size and number of peroxisomes in cells, grown in glucose-limited chemostats at different dilution rates. A: D 0.18 h-1. B: D 0. 05 h-1. (For all figures, electron micrographs are taken of WT H. polymorpha cells, fixed with KMnO4 unless otherwise stated. Abbreviations: N, nucleus; P, peroxisome; V, vacuole. Scale bars 0.5 m.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-typical-example-of-a-cell-grown-in-a-methanol-limited-2lhu7sg8.png Fig. 2. Typical example of a cell grown in a methanol-limited chemostat (D 0.1 h-1), crowded with peroxisomes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-detail-of-a-cell-to-demonstrate-the-temporally-2wc53eso.png Fig. 3. A: Detail of a cell, to demonstrate the temporally matrix protein import competence of mature peroxisomes. Cells were pregrown on methanol/ammonium sulfate, and subsequently switched to a new growth environment containing methylamine as the sole nitrogen source, to induce peroxisomal amine oxidase, key enzyme of amine metabolism. Two hours after the shift, the cells were analyzed for the localization of amine oxidase activity (CeCl3 metylamine). As evident in the micrograph, only the two small organelles (arrows) display enzyme activity while staining is absent in the large mature organelles (glutaraldehyde/OsO4). B: Hypothetical model to explain the temporary matrix protein import capacity of H. polymorpha peroxisomes. This model predicts that peroxisomes grow by the uptake of proteins and lipids. Matrix protein import is facilitated by distinct protein complexes on the peroxisomal membrane that are donated to small organelles that bud off from this organelle upon its maturation. This way, the mature organelle has lost the capacity to incorporate matrix protein and now serves as an enzyme bag to fulfill specific metabolic functions prescribed by the growth environment. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at www. interscience.wiley.com.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-hypothetical-function-of-pyruvate-carboxylase-pyc-38yhwiw5.png Fig. 6. Hypothetical function of pyruvate carboxylase (pyc) protein in alcohol oxidase (AO) import in peroxisomes. Upon AO synthesis, tetrameric pyc binds to the N-terminus to protect the FAD biding site. After the production of the mature AO molecule, FAD is bound concurrent with the binding of the FAD-containing precursor to Pex5p. In our current view, FAD binding is a prerequisite to allow binding to Pex5p. The subsequent docking and translocation events proceed as depicted in Figure 4. After release from the PTS1 receptor, AO monomers most likely spontaneously assemble in active octamers that are spontaneously arranged in larger crystalloids in the organellar lumen. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at www.interscience.wiley.com.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-section-through-a-protoplast-of-a-pex-mutant-cell-17jwswce.png Fig. 7. Section through a protoplast of a pex mutant cell, showing the presence of the single large crystal, composed of active octameric AO molecules that are characteristic for such cells. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-representation-of-the-extended-shuttle-model-1ctmcz0j.png Fig. 4. Schematic representation of the extended shuttle model for PTS1 matrix protein import in H. polymorpha. Precurser PTS1 proteins, synthesized in the cytosol, bind to the PTS1 receptor (Pex5p) and are transported to a peroxisomal docking site, consisting of Pex13p, Pex14p, and Pex17p. A complex of two ring finger proteins (Pex10p, Pex12p) that also may contain Pex2p may mediate translocation of the Pex5p.cargo complex. After translocation, dissociation of the Pex5p.cargo complex takes place, possibly mediated by Pex8p. Recycling of Pex5p to the cytosol requires the function of at least Pex4p. Whether the import and export of Pex5p proceeds via the same gate, which in that case is composed of a large protein complex, or requires different pores, is totally unknown. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at www.interscience. wiley.com.] https://scispace.com/papers/peroxisomes-flexible-and-dynamic-organelles-2r2mlw3sst 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-30q7nvy9.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3nlaf6ro.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evad2ebg.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/persistence-analysis-of-velocity-and-temperature-4z6h3d4b38 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-logarithmic-persistence-pdfs-of-the-normalized-1eeryxyo.png FIG. 4. The logarithmic persistence PDFs of the normalized streamwise sizes (tpu)/z corresponding to the positive (red) and negative (blue) fluctuations in the temperature (T′) signal from the highly convective stability class (−ζ > 2) are shown for the following two sets of experiments: (a) Fourier phaserandomization (PR) and (b) temporal randomization (R). The original logarithmic persistence PDFs are shown at the bottom of both the panels and the rest are shifted vertically by three decades where the original temperature signals are gradually randomized either in their Fourier phases or temporal values, starting from 20% to 100%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-an-example-is-provided-from-the-highly-convective-3crf19bq.png FIG. 8. An example is provided from the highly convective stability class (−ζ > 2) to illustrate the effect of linear and logarithmic binning on the persistence PDFs of w′ (squares), T′ (circles), and u′ (inverted triangles) signals, considering both the positive and negative fluctuations. The persistence times are normalized by the integral time scales (Γ) associated with w′, T′, and u′ signals. The black markers indicate the persistence PDFs constructed from linear binning, whereas the orange markers denote the same but from logarithmic binning. To convert from logarithmic to linear space, the logarithmic persistence PDFs are premultiplied with the factor obtained from Eq. (A2) and are shown as the red markers. Note that all three PDFs for w′, T′, and u′ signals are shifted vertically by three decades for visualization purposes. The gray thick lines show the same power-laws as in Figs. 2 and 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-persistence-pdfs-are-shown-for-the-persistence-1ce15c4a.png FIG. 7. The persistence PDFs are shown for the persistence times normalized by the integral time scales (Γ) associated with w′ (squares), T′ (circles), and u′ (inverted triangles) signals. The panels corresponding to these six stability classes are arranged from the top-left to the bottom-right as (a) −ζ > 2, (b) 1 < −ζ < 2, (c) 0.6 < −ζ < 1, (d) 0.4 < −ζ < 0.6, (e) 0.2 < −ζ < 0.4, and (f) 0 < −ζ < 0.2. The black thick lines on all the panels show the best fit power-laws with their respective slopes being mentioned in panel (a). The regions in all the panels corresponding to tp/Γ > 1 are in gray. The descriptions of the markers are provided in the legend of panel (f). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-logarithmic-persistence-pdfs-are-shown-for-the-1syncwqh.png FIG. 6. The logarithmic persistence PDFs are shown for the persistence times normalized by the integral time scales (Γ) associated with w′ (squares), T′ (circles), and u′ (inverted triangles) signals. The logarithmic PDFs are shifted vertically for visualization purposes. The panels on the right show the cumulative distribution functions of T′ signals [FT ′ (tp/ΓT )] plotted for tp/ΓT > 1 (marked as the gray regions on the left panels) on a log–linear plot. This representation is chosen to determine the slope of the exponential functions [represented as straight lines, see Eq. (13)] fitted separately for the positive and negative temperature fluctuations persisting for times larger than the integral time scales. The descriptions of the markers are shown in the legend, placed in a corner of the bottom panel (f) at the left-hand side. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-120-s-long-section-of-a-time-series-of-u-from-a-35yeb774.png FIG. 1. A 120-s long section of a time series of u′ from a highly convective surface layer corresponding to −ζ = 10.6 is shown for (a) actual values and (b) its telegraphic approximation (TA), where u′ > 0 is denoted as 1 and u′ < 0 is denoted as 0. The red horizontal line denotes the position of zero, and the redcrosses show the points where the u′ signal changes its sign from positive to negative or vice versa (zero-crossings). To provide an example, two particular regions of the u′ signal are highlighted where the positive and negative values persist for a time tp (around 30 s–50 s). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-six-different-stability-classes-formed-from-the-2h2giecm.png TABLE I. The six different stability classes formed from the ratio −ζ = z/L in an unstable atmospheric surface layer flow, where z is the height above the surface and L is the Obukhov length. The ratios span from highly convective (−ζ > 2) to near-neutral (0 < −ζ < 0.2) conditions. The number of 30-min runs and the associated heights with each of the stability classes are given. The total numbers of zero-crossings (No. ZC) in u′, v′, w′, and T′ signals associated with each stability class are also provided. https://scispace.com/papers/persistence-of-alarm-call-behaviour-in-the-absence-of-2ddyyeg8t4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-time-that-captive-meerkats-spent-a-inspecting-sglyw06t.png Figure 2. The time that captive meerkats spent (a) inspecting stimuli and (b) calling in 284 response to presentations of carnivore and herbivore faeces. Because of low sample size, 285 statistical analysis was only conducted on inspection time. Sample sizes reflect the number of 286 groups. 287 288 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-low-urgency-recruitment-calls-produced-tucaxa9a.png Figure 1. Examples of low-urgency recruitment calls produced by wild and captive meerkats 180 in response to olfactory predator cues. 181 182 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-acoustic-parameters-included-in-the-p8gojb90.png Table 2. Description of acoustic parameters included in the analysis of low-urgency 201 recruitment calls emitted in captivity and in the wild (measured by LMA; see Schrader & 202 Hammerschmidt 1997). 203 204 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-classification-results-from-the-discriminant-23274vfs.png Figure 3. Classification results from the discriminant function analysis on low-urgency 312 recruitment calls produced in response to carnivore faeces in captivity (cr, Ncalls = 10) and hair 313 samples of the African wildcat in the wild (wr, Ncalls = 10). Medium-urgency terrestrial calls 314 produced by wild meerkats in response to mammalian predators were also included (wt, Ncalls 315 = 10). 316 317 318 Discussion 319 All alarm calls that have been documented in wild meerkats (Manser 1998, 2001) were 320 produced by captive meerkats on one or several occasions. This suggests that captive 321 meerkats exhibit the same vocal repertoire of alarm calls as wild meerkats. That the amount of 322 calling differed between populations may simply reflect differences in the time spent 323 observing each population or variation in the presence of disturbances. Captive meerkats not 324 only produced alarm calls, but produced them in contexts resembling those in the wild. 325 Although calls often elicited by raptors in the wild were regularly evoked by stimuli such as 326 airplanes, this may not be surprising given the presumably lesser likelihood of encountering 327 real threats. Besides, wild meerkats occasionally alarm to planes (Manser, M. B., personal 328 observation). Our observations are similar to those on some non-human primates, where 329 captive populations use the same or very similar alarm-call types as wild populations (Fichtel 330 & van Schaik 2006; Coss et al. 2007) but occasionally alarm to harmless stimuli (Brown et al. 331 1992). 332 There are a number of explanations to why alarm calling could have been retained in 333 captive meerkats. First, it is possible that the presence of some predatory stimuli may be 334 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-most-common-alarm-call-types-emitted-by-wild-33loan8m.png Table 1. The most common alarm-call types emitted by wild meerkats (for details, see Manser 2001). https://scispace.com/papers/persistence-and-cycles-in-us-hours-worked-ts5m9nvger 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-impulse-responses-of-a-1-standard-error-technology-1auccqer.png Figure 5: Impulse responses of a 1-standard error technology shocks to hours worked https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-of-the-parameters-in-the-model-given-by-3idn4ii4.png Table 2: Estimates of the parameters in the model given by equation (4) with white noise ut https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimates-of-the-parameters-in-the-model-given-by-14t7ut5s.png Table 4: Estimates of the parameters in the model given by equation (4) with Bloomfield ut https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimates-of-the-parameters-in-the-model-given-by-2alzlfze.png Table 3: Estimates of the parameters in the model given by equation (4) with AR(1) ut https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-series-plots-of-hours-worked-and-gr-and-cev-24ujax3t.png Figure 3: Time series plots of hours worked and GR and CEV productivity series https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-series-plots-hours-worked-correlograms-and-1ixzuf92.png Figure 1: Time series plots (hours worked), correlograms and periodograms https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimates-of-the-relationship-between-hours-worked-1ts0icxu.png Table 6: Estimates of the relationship between hours worked and productivity using an I(d) specification for the error term (Seasonally adjusted hours worked) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimates-of-the-relationship-between-hours-worked-1simnd1g.png Table 5: Estimates of the relationship between hours worked and productivity using an I(d) specification for the error term (Seasonally unadjusted hours worked) https://scispace.com/papers/persistence-and-stability-of-interacting-species-in-response-4rhqwrkhu7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-species-persistence-and-stability-boundaries-for-kz5maq2d.png Figure 8. Species persistence and stability boundaries for each of the tri-trophic food chain, the diamond food web, and the omnivorous interaction in ((a), (b), (e), and (h)) temperature–resource carrying capacity space. Thermal sensitivity of preference parameters in the diamond food web for (c) β = 0.1, (d) α = 0.6, (f) β = 0.9, and (g) α = 0.6. (i) Sensitivity of the omnivory strength η towards systems stability and persistence along temperature gradient. Shaded regions: [A] determines steady state dynamics of the system(s), [B] is the region where the species density is associated with oscillatory behaviour, and [C] is the region beyond persistence boundary having no co-existence equilibrium. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representations-of-the-considered-food-igzo0jbe.png Figure 1. Schematic representations of the considered food web modules. (a) Interaction within a basal resource (R), an intermediate consumer (C1), and a top predator (P ) in a tri-trophic food chain. (b) A diamond food web, where α, β, δ, and 1 − δ signify the interaction preferences between the linked species. (c) Interaction within the species when the predator P is an omnivore, where η determines the strength of omnivory. The arrows represent the direction of energy flow from one species to another. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-monotonically-increasing-and-unimodal-temperature-20556uy2.png Figure 2. Monotonically increasing and unimodal temperature-dependent responses of species phenotypes. (a) Intrinsic growth rate r of R with variations in T . (b)-(c) Foraging capabilities of the consumer species, following the temperature dependence, where (b) is the bell-shaped thermal response of C1’s attack rate on R, and (c) is the U-shaped temperature-dependent behaviour of C1’s handling time. (d) Monotonically increasing temperature response of metabolic rate of C1. All the higher trophic species have a qualitatively similar temperature responses for their traits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-species-dynamics-in-the-tri-trophic-food-chain-1-2p2v5045.png Figure 4. Species dynamics in the tri-trophic food chain (1) with variations in the temperature (T ): for (a) the resource, (b) the consumer, and (c) the predator. The blow-up diagrams magnify the regions of species dynamics within the temperature range of 30.1◦–31.8◦C. The shaded regions describe the oscillatory state covering the upper as well as the lower amplitude of the species density. Solid lines (without shaded regions) determine the stable equilibrium densities, and dashed lines represent the unstable equilibrium densities. The Hopf bifurcation (HB) and the transcritical bifurcation (TB) represent a change in the qualitative behaviour of the species equilibrium. All the parameter values are the same as in the Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variations-in-the-species-densities-along-3718utlw.png Figure 6. Variations in the species densities along temperature gradient for two different omnivory strengths η (see Eqn. (5)): (a)-(c) η = 0.06, and (d)-(f) η = 0.1. Model parameters are same as in the Table 1. Predator’s conversion efficiency for the resource intake is given by ep2 = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-additional-parameters-for-the-consumer-c2-inhabiting-35wgaez0.png Table 2. Additional parameters for the consumer C2 inhabiting in the diamond food web. Note that, parameters for all the other species (Eqn. (4)) are same as mentioned in the Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-species-dynamics-along-the-changing-temperature-in-1zg1cmrq.png Figure 7. Species dynamics along the changing temperature in an omnivorous interaction: (a) resource dynamics for η = 0.5 exhibiting quasi-periodic oscillations, (b) time series obtained at T = 8.5◦C depicting quasi-periodicity in the resource abundance, and (c) peak to peak plot obtained to track the behaviour of the ecological model at η = 0.5 and T = 8.5◦C. Here, ep1 = 0.9, ep2 = 0.5 and Amc1 = 10000. All the other parameters are same as in the Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-species-dynamics-in-the-diamond-food-web-along-20i190q3.png Figure 5. Species dynamics in the diamond food web along temperature gradient. (a)-(c) Bifurcation diagrams of the deterministic model having weak influence of the introduced competitor C2. Increasing the preference of the intermediate species (C2) for the basal resource, (d)-(f) depict the qualitative response of the surviving species towards warming. Green shaded regions and solid lines determine the existence of unstable limit cycles (i.e., the case when all the neighbouring trajectories approach it as time approaches negative infinity (Strogatz 1994)). Here, ep2 = 0.7 and the other parameter values are same as in Tables 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/papers/persistence-of-cccdna-during-the-natural-history-of-chronic-1jyvpa2jyt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlation-of-changes-in-cccdna-copy-number-with-3dng6e1w.png Table 1: Correlation of changes in cccDNA copy number with baseline and post-treatment parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/persistence-of-dissolved-organic-matter-explained-by-2orl6c8r13 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-molecular-properties-derived-from-differential-mass-1vebqum0.png Table 1: Molecular properties derived from differential mass spectra shown Fig. 1e-g. 502 Properties are shown for all, CHNO and CHOS compounds. 503 https://scispace.com/papers/persistence-of-the-ground-beetle-coleoptera-carabidae-4xos7v3vex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-boxplots-of-phylogenetic-diversity-pd-with-outliers-2dsa14ci.png Fig 1. Boxplots of Phylogenetic Diversity (PD), with outliers depicted as points. (A) Plots grouped by diet treatment. PD of partial bodies varied significantly by diet treatment (H = 8.96, p = 0.030), but PD of all other tissues and of aggregate communities did not. (B) Plots grouped by host species. PD of partial bodies varied significantly by host species (Kruskal Wallis H = 8.11, p = 0.017), but PD of all other tissues and of aggregate communities did not. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bray-curtis-ordination-of-microbiome-beta-diversity-ansr0b6h.png Fig 2. Bray-Curtis ordination of microbiome beta diversity using non-metric dimensional scaling. (A) Aggregate communities clustered significantly by species (ANOSIM R statistic = 0.92, p< 0.001) and tissue (R = 0.66, p< 0.001) only. (B) Secretory cell microbiomes clustered by species (R = 0.28, p< 0.001) and diet (R = 0.23, p< 0.001). (C) Gut microbiomes clustered clearly by species (R = 0.96, p< 0.001), and not by diet. (D) Partial body microbiomes are also clustered clearly by species (R = 0.95, p< 0.001), and not by diet. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-venn-diagram-of-phylotypes-present-in-aggregate-1jzvjjr0.png Fig 3. Venn diagram of phylotypes present in aggregate communities by diet treatment. https://scispace.com/papers/persistency-of-turkish-export-shocks-a-quantile-3tmy86ihij 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-yearly-change-in-real-total-exports-1cayr3uv.png Fig. 1 Yearly change in real total exports (%) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-yearly-change-in-real-exports-of-food-and-bev-textiles-3286lnfl.png Fig. 2 Yearly change in real exports of Food and Bev., Textiles and Apparel (%) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-yearly-change-in-real-exports-of-basic-metals-fab-3cy7w0uj.png Fig. 4 Yearly change in real exports of Basic Metals, Fab. Metals and Mach. and Equip. (%) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-yearly-change-in-real-exports-of-chemicals-rubber-and-pz2osxww.png Fig. 3 Yearly change in real exports of Chemicals, Rubber and Plastic and Oth. Non-met. Mineral Products (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-quantile-autoregression-bec-export-classification-2cmcqviw.png Table 3 Quantile autoregression: BEC export classification https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-unit-root-test-results-of-exports-on-a-sectoral-i6joaxb6.png Table 1 Unit root test results of exports on a sectoral basis (2-digit) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-yearly-change-in-real-exports-of-elec-mach-radio-tv-36gryz0b.png Fig. 5 Yearly change in real exports of Elec. Mach., Radio & TV, Motor Vehicles and Furniture (%) https://scispace.com/papers/persistent-bidirectional-optical-switching-in-the-2d-high-2ng2bjhzfc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-the-ls-fraction-gls-upon-irradiation-3tlhu9bj.png Figure 4. Evolution of the LS fraction, γLS upon irradiation at 12 050 cm−1, 10 mW/mm2 (red upward triangle), and subsequent irradiation at 21 186 cm−1, 1.2 mW/mm2 (blue downward triangle), T = 65 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evolution-of-the-ls-fraction-gls-upon-irradiation-2l2hjvhi.png Figure 3. Evolution of the LS fraction, γLS, upon irradiation at 12 050 cm−1, 10 mW/mm2 at 65 K to different initial light-induced populations of the LS state by varying the irradiation time followed by the thermal relaxation at that temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-high-spin-fraction-ghs-as-function-of-1u0t3nzm.png Figure 2. The high-spin fraction γHS as function of temperature: on cooling from room temperature down to 10 K at a rate of 0.2 K/min (black), after irradiation at 12 050 cm−1 at 10 K to the steady state high-spin fraction of 15% and subsequent warming to 120 K at a rate of 0.2 K/min (red) or stopping at 60 K and recooling to 10 K (yellow), after a short irradiation time at 12 050 cm−1 and 10 K resulting in an initial high-spin fraction of 85% and subsequent warming to 120 K at a rate of 0.2 K/min (green). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-single-crystal-absorption-spectra-of-fe-bbtr-3-bf4-1biywjdb.png Figure 1. Single crystal absorption spectra of {[Fe(bbtr)3](BF4)2}∞ at 295 K (red), 10 K on slow cooling (blue), at 10 K after irradiation at 12 050 cm−1 (green), and on subsequent warming to 60 K (light blue), recooling to 10 K (black), and finally on warming to 120 K (yellow). Inset: schematic of the relevant electronic states and processes. https://scispace.com/papers/persistent-current-experiments-on-superfluid-3he-b-and-3he-a-1jtwewrvrd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-persistent-an-ulag-velocity-0-of-t-vs-the-2t3dtwo6.png FIG. 2.~ Persistent an ulag velocity 0 of t vs the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-l-vs-p-p-around-the-8-a-transition-at-p-29-3-bars-2olowwan.png FIG. 5. L, vs p,/p around the 8 A transition at P = 29.3 bars. Different symbols correspond to different preparation angular velocities: open circles, O, ~ = 1.16 rad/s; filled circles, 0.86 rad/s; plusses, 0.57 rad/s. Note that the reduced temperature scale at the top is non- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-ac-gyroscope-the-foot-is-thermally-connected-to-20e5icm6.png FIG. 1. The ac gyroscope. The foot is thermally connected to the nuclear refrigerator. For further explana- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-saturated-angular-momentum-i-as-a-function-of-p-p-at-p-3hzsjc3a.png FIG. 4. Saturated angular momentum I., as a function of p, /p at P= 29.3 bars (open circles) and P = 12.0 bars (filled circles, crosses, two different experiments). The straight line corresponds to v, = 7.8 and 5.6 mm/s for the 29.3- and 12.0-bar data, respectively (to compare the two critical velocities one should divide the slopes by the density of 'He at each pressure). The nonzero L, in 2 phase is an experimental artifact that was removed in later runs (see Fig. 5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-critical-velocity-u-at-p-15-0-bars-open-circles-and-12-2r6e66pz.png FIG. 3. Critical velocity u, at P = 15.0 bars (open circles) and 12.0 bars (filled circles) as a function of the reduced temperature T/ T, . Lozenges are the data of Gammel, Hall, and Reppy (Ref. 1) at P = 29 bars, multiplied by 5, the ratio of the pore sizes [(100 p, m)/(20 p, m)]; this reduction factor is only approximate because of different types of geometries involved. https://scispace.com/papers/persistent-entanglement-in-three-level-atomic-systems-2bwatt45ms 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effective-scheme-in-the-existence-of-strong-26adm0kn.png Figure 2. Effective scheme in the existence of strong detuning. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-evolution-of-probability-18-to-have-the-39kqh1je.png Figure 5. Time evolution of probability (18) to have the persistent entanglement at λP = 0.001 for (1) P = 0; (2) P = ; (3) P = 2 ; (4) P = 4 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scheme-of-three-level-type-atomic-configuration-2z6l5l3z.png Figure 1. Scheme of three level type atomic configuration. https://scispace.com/papers/persistent-multi-robot-formations-with-redundancy-2mvn9kpqre 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-recursive-construction-can-be-applied-several-3okqzl3k.png Fig. 4 The recursive construction can be applied several times to obtain additional vertices whose out-edge sets have redundancy. In this case, an out-edge from each of the 4 doubleoutlined vertices (4,8,12,16) can be dropped without losing persistence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-proposition-2s-recursive-construction-allows-ptrz9oqn.png Fig. 3 Proposition 2’s recursive construction allows additional (double-outlined) vertices with out-edge sets containing redundancy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-bipartite-graph-k34-a-generic-rigidity-circuit-is-fbs6pz4w.png Fig. 7 The bipartite graph K3,4, a generic rigidity circuit, is flexible in this special position. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flexible-and-rigid-frameworks-in-the-plane-co7fvkpz.png Fig. 1 Flexible and rigid frameworks in the plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-generic-rigidity-circuit-in-a-special-geometric-1weppxr3.png Fig. 5 A generic rigidity circuit in a special geometric position. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-with-standard-deviation-data-for-simulations-37w2er5l.png Table 1 Mean with standard deviation data for simulations (constraint accuracy threshold 0.02); for random simulations, mean values across the 20 experiments are provided. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulation-paths-for-formation-1-with-starting-single-1mak5htz.png Fig. 8 Simulation paths for Formation 1, with starting (single-outlined) and ending (doubleoutlined) positions highlighted. Coordinates are in meters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-generic-rigidity-circuit-in-a-special-geometric-i55v0pad.png Fig. 6 A generic rigidity circuit in a special geometric position. https://scispace.com/papers/persistent-impairment-based-symptoms-post-mild-traumatic-2938hhz368 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-cases-recording-clinically-relev-ant-r1pz8mxe.png Table 3: Number of cases recording clinically relev ant scores for the Head Injury Scale (HIS) and the Impairment Specific Tools for e ach group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-impairment-specific-self-reported-clinical-tools-14rvz6bf.png Figure 1. Impairment Specific Self-Reported Clinical Tools according to Cervical, Sensorimotor, Physiological and Psychological https://scispace.com/papers/persistent-oral-human-papillomavirus-hpv-infection-is-39beyjxs5l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-salivary-concentrations-of-mmp-8-mmp-9-timp-1-18219gzp.png Table 2 The salivary concentrations of MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and MPO as well as the salivary MMP-8/TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 molar ratios and serum MMP-8 concentrations with regards to lactation, alcohol use or smoking. Mean ± SD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-salivary-concentrations-of-mmp-8-mmp-9-timp-1-2n4axrjn.png Table 1 The salivary concentrations of MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and MPO as well as the salivary MMP-8/TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 molar ratios and serum MMP-8 concentrations in oral HPV DNA-positive and oral HPV DNA-negative women. Mean ± SD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-salivary-concentrations-of-mmp-8-a-mmp-9-b-timp-1-xuzk7sn2.png Fig. 1. The salivary concentrations of MMP-8 (a), MMP-9 (b), TIMP-1 (c) and MPO (d) as well as the molar ratios of MMP-8/TIMP-1 (e) and MMP-9/TIMP-1 (f) and the serum concentration of MPO (g) in HPV DNA-positive and HPV DNA-negative women with respect to their smoking status. *p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test. https://scispace.com/papers/persistent-outer-retinal-fluid-following-non-posturing-1e59lx5w22 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-key-descriptive-statistics-3u2w9e1b.png Table 1: summary of key descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-times-to-vision-recovery-in-patients-with-and-2mr16ogm.png Figure 1: Times to vision recovery in patients with and without foveal defects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-times-to-vision-recovery-in-patients-with-and-3ur8tkti.png Figure 1: Times to vision recovery in patients with and without foveal defects https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-p-values-odds-ratios-and-associated-confidence-31010ifl.png Table 2: p-values, odds ratios and associated confidence intervals for factors/covariates potentially influencing development of foveal defect https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-p-values-odds-ratios-and-associated-confidence-1fcsa7u4.png Table 3: p-values, odds ratios and associated confidence intervals for analysis of time to vision recovery in patients: Cox model https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-coefficients-p-values-and-associated-95-2oyy7r5x.png Table 4: Regression coefficients, p-values and associated 95% confidence intervals for analysis of extent of improved vision in patients https://scispace.com/papers/persistent-photoconductivity-induced-by-electric-currents-in-1c9fy693t7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-r-t-curves-i1-4-1-la-prior-to-and-after-2owyjrw4.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) R–T curves (I¼ 1 lA) prior to and after current processing for PSMO on STO: (left inset) two lead R(T) curves (between electrodes 1 and 2) prior to and after current processing and (right inset) I–V and ER–V curves for the current-induced state (T¼ 30 K). (b) Temperature dependence of LR (80 K T 300 K) and resistance vs illumination time for the current-induced state (T¼ 80 K, PSMO/STO). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-r-and-lr-for-an-32ih4z3k.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Temperature dependence of R and LR for an asprepared PSMO film on STO. (Insets) Resistance vs illumination time at 283 K (a) and 255 K (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-i-v-curves-prior-to-under-and-after-2qwyvy8a.png FIG. 4. (Color online) (a) I–V curves prior to, under, and after light illumination for the current-induced state (T¼ 30 K, PSMO/STO). (Insets) Resistance vs illumination time (upper) and the bias dependence of PPC (bottom). (b) PPC for the current-induced state of PSMO on LAO (T¼ 30 K). (Inset) The R–T curve after current processing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-resistance-l0h1-2js66grr.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Temperature dependence of resistance (l0H¼ 0 and 0.8 T) and MR ratio for the patterned PSMO film on LAO. MR is defined as MR¼ [R(H) R(0)]/R(0), where R(H) and R(0) are the resistance with and without a magnetic field, respectively. (Inset) Schematic picture of the microbridges. https://scispace.com/papers/persistent-stunting-in-middle-childhood-the-case-of-andhra-3a2qtf6e21 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-determinants-of-height-for-age-in-round-2-persistent-19jfptiq.png Table 3 Determinants of height for age in Round 2, persistent stunting, moving out of/into being stunted https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-health-and-subjective-wellbeing-2m8txzmp.png Table 2 Health and subjective wellbeing https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-child-and-household-characteristics-3idq5g94.png Table 1 Child and household characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/persistent-while-declined-neutralizing-antibody-responses-in-14kgxossx5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-representative-dynamic-changes-of-antibody-4ywrkvig.png Figure 4. Representative dynamic changes of antibody responses (anti-RBD IgG,643 anti-N IgG and MN titers) in 31 COVID-19 patients during acute infection and644 the convalescent phase. Only patients who had measurements at more than three645 time points during follow up with follow up days ≥ 300 are shown. Specimens with646 MN titers less than 10 were assigned a value of 5.647 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-and-specimens-of-covid-19-bbpb6mdv.png Table 1. Baseline characteristics and specimens of COVID-19 cases in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-neutralizing-antibody-response-among-wkfwuzrg.png Figure 2. Comparison of neutralizing antibody response among different clinical620 spectrum of COVID-19 convalescents. (A) and (B) The available peak levels of621 anti-RBD IgG and MN titers for the severe, mild and asymptomatic groups. (C) and622 (D) The current levels of anti-RBD IgG and MN titers for the severe, mild and623 asymptomatic groups. Specimens with MN titers less than 10 were assigned a value of624 5. (E) and (F) Distribution of the available peak and current MN titers severe, mild625 and asymptomatic groups.626 https://scispace.com/papers/person-based-reward-systems-a-theory-of-organizational-5azomq2uj8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-standard-deviations-internal-consistency-16ai75pp.png Table 1. Means, standard deviations, internal consistency reliabilities, and intercorrelations among selfreport scales https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-employee-evaluations-of-organizational-17czk1vd.png Table 3. Employee evaluations of organizational trustworthiness, their supervisors, coworkers, job security and efficacy https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-employee-perceptions-of-reward-system-criteria-in-3d7nbh0w.png Table 2. Employee perceptions of reward system criteria in state-owned and private companies https://scispace.com/papers/personal-dignity-in-the-terminally-ill-from-the-perspective-2ne5hu1suk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-influence-of-physical-psychological-social-and-aozwrp92.png Table 1. Influence of Physical, Psychological, Social, and Existential Aspects on Sense of Dignity in Terminally Ill Patients according to Trained Volunteers and SCEN Physiciansa https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-extent-to-which-physical-psychological-social-and-20bvip0i.png Table 2. Extent to Which Physical, Psychological, Social, and Existential Aspects Are in Practice Problematic for Terminally Ill Patients Maintaining Their Sense of Dignity According to Trained Volunteers and SCEN Physiciansa https://scispace.com/papers/personal-and-perceived-peer-use-and-attitudes-towards-the-375tv9dhdf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-personal-nmups-and-approval-of-nmups-by-country-and-cbb5oxe2.png Table 1: Personal NMUPS and approval of NMUPS by country and sex (95% bootstrap CI) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-associations-between-personal-nmups-personal-355c7re2.png Table 3: Associations between personal NMUPS /personal attitude towards NMUPS and perceived lifetime NMUPS of peers/ attitude of peers, personal NMUPS, country, age, sex as well as living situation– Results of binary log. Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-differences-between-personal-nmups-approval-of-nmups-2sutgrdc.png Table 2: Differences between personal NMUPS /approval of NMUPS and the perceived NMUPS /approval of NMUPS of the majority of peers of the same sex and same university (self-other discrepancies) https://scispace.com/papers/personal-and-shared-the-reach-of-different-herbal-landscapes-1r40woe4cq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-plants-dominating-in-the-community-level-herbal-2xnxquh9.png Table 2. Plants dominating in the community-level herbal landscape according to the use-reports compiled by Lunts https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-medicinal-plants-on-the-community-level-by-plant-1v1sntv3.png Fig. 1. Medicinal plants on the community level by plant habitat according to the use-reports compiled by Lunts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-plants-and-health-indications-mentioned-by-the-2psidofb.png Table 3. Plants and health indications mentioned by the schoolchildren in their individual herbal landscapes according to the use-reports compiled by Lunts. Informants: AV Aksel Vink, EK Edgar Kokaselts, EN Elfriide Nicopensius, ErN Erich Nuiamäe, EA Erna Ader, LS L. Sooberg, NN name unknown, RP Robert Pelz, VK Verner Kadabi. For abbreviations of indications see Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-most-often-mentioned-plants-in-the-use-2r19nw2d.png Fig. 4. Distribution of most often mentioned plants in the use-reports by hemeroby on the country level in 1921 1940 (based on data from Sõukand & Kalle, 2011). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-frequency-of-the-diseases-cured-with-plants-on-the-2y76pf1h.png Fig. 3. Frequency of the diseases cured with plants on the community level according to the usereports compiled by Lunts. For abbreviations see Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distribution-of-medicinal-plants-by-their-sensitivity-1lyg56nh.png Fig. 2. Distribution of medicinal plants by their sensitivity to human impact according to the usereports compiled by Lunts. https://scispace.com/papers/personal-exposure-to-particulate-matter-and-heart-rate-4u7xw3hilo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-qp0rkcyp.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-association-between-particulate-matter-exposure-and-2vxxn3ex.png Table 3 Association between particulate matter exposure and heart rate variability indices https://scispace.com/papers/personal-norms-in-a-globalized-world-norm-activation-1gqzmgr2qq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proposed-structural-model-iwah-identification-with-85g8a6ft.png Figure 1 Proposed structural model (IWAH: Identification with all Humanity) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-prevalence-of-intention-to-reduce-clothing-3qw8vunb.png Figure 2 Prevalence of intention to reduce clothing consumption in the next three months https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-results-2urtyphi.png Table 1 Descriptive results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-structural-model-with-standardized-path-3v09xs3p.png Figure 3 Structural model with standardized path coefficients, bootstrapped standard errors (n = 2000) and multiple squared correlations (R2) for dependent variables at the top right corner; *** p < 0.001 ** p < 0.01. * p < 0.05 (IWAH: Identification with all Humanity) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-standardized-path-coefficients-for-the-full-2ycxi6fr.png Table 2 Standardized path coefficients for the full structural equation model https://scispace.com/papers/personal-resilience-and-identity-capital-among-young-people-4l6s9zqr6r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-framework-adapted-from-cotes-individualisation-1rna0dhp.png Table 2: Framework adapted from Côté’s individualisation hypothesis & Schwartz, Côté and Arnett (2005) Agency-identity model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-interview-themes-1ed9lde2.png Table 1: Interview themes https://scispace.com/papers/personal-space-in-virtual-reality-2jkwlato39 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comfort-ratings-obtained-in-response-to-3d-images-2ctvm9q5.png Figure 1. Comfort ratings obtained in response to 3D images of people (open circles) and objects (closed circles) at each of three viewing distances. Ratings are averaged across 22 subjects, and the error bars represent ± one standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/papers/personal-values-and-the-acceptance-of-immigrants-why-55cpx2ilww 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-confirmatory-factor-analysis-summary-of-models-14b42t2r.png Table 4. Confirmatory Factor Analysis: summary of models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-path-of-relations-among-values-forms-of-national-26oe8uxy.png Figure 1. Path of relations among values, forms of national identification and acculturation preferences. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-inter-correlations-among-the-acculturation-24f1eyzm.png Table 2. Inter-correlations among the acculturation preferences, nationalism and patriotism. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-inter-correlations-among-the-values-of-self-10z75k4j.png Table 3. Inter-correlations among the values of self-direction, security, power, universalism (ipsatized data), acculturation preferences, nationalism and patriotism. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-analyses-of-the-five-acculturation-qxspe3uu.png Table 1. Descriptive analyses of the five acculturation preferences, nationalism and patriotism, and values of self-direction, security, power and universalism. https://scispace.com/papers/personality-and-type-2-diabetes-an-overview-of-the-zzik78l40u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-associations-between-personality-traits-and-risk-of-6shmdk4p.png FIGURE 2. Associations between personality traits and risk of incident diabetes during follow-up among participants without diabetes at baseline (n = 34,913, from modified Jokela, Elovainio et al. 2013). Personality traits are mutually adjusted, and the associations are further adjusted for gender, age at baseline, race/ethnicity, and individual follow-up time in months. https://scispace.com/papers/personality-trait-change-at-work-associations-with-3r5pq39wex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measurement-invariance-analyses-3silckms.png Table 1 Measurement Invariance Analyses https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-goodness-fit-indices-from-multivariate-models-and-29s2u2vo.png Table 3 Goodness Fit Indices from Multivariate Models and Estimated Parameters https://scispace.com/papers/personality-stressful-life-events-and-treatment-response-in-4hwfw8s7r2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-treatment-response-as-a-function-of-the-interaction-kyjzonlx.png Figure 1: Treatment response as a function of the interaction between self-criticism and connectedness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-treatment-response-as-a-function-of-the-personality-1rw2pia1.png Figure 3: Treatment response as a function of the personality change during treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-and-standard-deviations-for-personality-and-26f5czk0.png Table 2. Means and Standard Deviations for Personality and Life Event Variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-zero-order-correlations-for-personality-and-2sfp5jwv.png Table III. Zero-Order Correlations for Personality and Depression Variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-personality-change-during-treatment-as-a-predictor-1vvp9xkq.png Table V. Personality Change During Treatment as a Predictor of Treatment Response (n = 131) https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-personality-and-stressful-life-events-as-a-2vroa08b.png Table VI. Personality and Stressful Life Events as a Predictor of Treatment Response (n = 113) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-treatment-response-as-a-function-of-the-interaction-1fo46fjz.png Figure 4: Treatment response as a function of the interaction between self-criticism and the presence or absence of a stressful life event. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-treatment-response-as-a-function-of-the-interaction-15wwb09h.png Figure 2: Treatment response as a function of the interaction between neediness and connectedness. https://scispace.com/papers/personalized-communities-in-a-distributed-recommender-system-3arvhgtxiq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-virtual-community-centered-on-ua-uck49fdy.png Fig. 2. Virtual community centered on ua. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-adaptive-threshold-based-on-density-370n6mp8.png Fig. 4. Adaptive threshold based on density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-on-the-left-average-distribution-of-users-as-regards-1cxqpmdk.png Fig. 5. On the left, average distribution of users as regards Pearson coefficient. On the right, recall as threshold grows. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-add-a-public-profile-to-the-group-profile-2krovywr.png Table 1. Add a public profile to the group profile. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-remove-a-public-profile-from-the-group-profile-1gvm7gfw.png Table 2. Remove a public profile from the group profile. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-of-user-interactions-2dgq1tdt.png Fig. 3. Example of user interactions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-computation-times-of-three-collaborative-filtering-nh0f0gkd.png Table 3. Computation times of three collaborative filtering algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mae-as-neighborhood-size-grows-21a2doaz.png Fig. 6. MAE as neighborhood size grows. https://scispace.com/papers/personalized-individual-semantics-based-approach-for-2opkjphs37 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-results-of-simulation-methods-i-and-ii-in-224eybsu.png Fig. 4. Comparison results of Simulation methods I and II in parameters scenario (i) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-results-of-simulation-methods-i-and-ii-in-1x00zkao.png Fig. 5. Comparison results of Simulation methods I and II in parameters scenario (ii) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-resolution-framework-of-the-pis-based-linguistic-2ho2359a.png Fig. 1. The resolution framework of the PIS-based linguistic FMEA approach https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-results-of-simulation-methods-i-and-ii-in-3fspr447.png Fig. 6. Comparison results of Simulation methods I and II in parameters scenario (iii) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-algorithm-i-feyftq11.png Table 1: Algorithm I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-results-based-on-the-case-study-data-o9tsmk0h.png Fig. 3. Comparison results based on the case study data https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pnss-of-linguistic-terms-for-each-fmea-member-1qhnl3gd.png Table 2: PNSs of linguistic terms for each FMEA member https://scispace.com/papers/personalizing-and-improving-tag-based-search-in-folksonomies-50cc9qe639 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-average-of-the-three-metrics-concerning-the-1noq04wu.png Fig. 2. The average of the three metrics concerning the problem of spelling variations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-average-of-the-three-metrics-concerning-the-wwi1xn72.png Fig. 1. The average of the three metrics concerning the problem of tags’ ambiguity https://scispace.com/papers/personalized-remedial-recommendations-for-sql-programming-4ogbfadz9t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-conversion-rate-per-treatment-group-3q16rru2.png Figure 3: Average conversion rate per treatment group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-average-persistence-rate-per-treatment-group-3b5tc5vv.png Figure 6: Average persistence rate per treatment group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-overall-persistence-rate-in-problems-in-mastery-yn30s2ma.png Figure 7: Overall persistence rate in problems in Mastery Grids per explanatory treatment https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-student-behavior-summary-18aisn22.png Table 1: Student behavior summary https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-access-rate-per-treatment-group-we6q7igm.png Figure 2: Average access rate per treatment group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-four-different-experimental-treatments-which-3msg7ara.png Figure 1: Four different experimental treatments which combine textual and visual elements for explaining recommendations in Mastery Grids: (A) No explanation (B) Textual explanation only (C) Visual explanation only (D) Visual and textual explanation combined https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-system-satisfaction-per-treatment-groups-10blfmwt.png Figure 8: System satisfaction per treatment groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-recommendation-quality-per-treatment-group-276x2bfs.png Figure 9: Recommendation quality per treatment group https://scispace.com/papers/personalized-mathematical-oncology-challenges-and-2afx7fxzla 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-heatmaps-showing-the-log-of-the-tumor-volume-measured-26259ehg.png Fig 4. Heatmaps showing the log of the tumor volume measured at 30 days, at the OV and DC dose used in [33]. If log(V (30)) ≤ 1, its value is shown as 0 on the heatmap. Left shows predictions when parameters are fit using QMC, and right shows NLME predictions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-left-qmc-and-nlme-associated-fits-to-mouse-4-treated-3nt3pmjy.png Fig 7. Left: QMC and NLME-associated fits to Mouse 4 treated with VDVDVD, with model predictions extended 10 days beyond the data-collection window. Center and right: Predicted virus and T cell counts associated with each fitting methodology, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-profile-likelihood-curves-top-row-tumor-growth-rate-r-230h2zss.png Fig 6. Profile likelihood curves. Top row: tumor growth rate r, infectivity rate β, T cell activation rate by DCs χD. Bottom row: T cell stimulation rate by immunostimulants cT , and rate at which immunostimulants enhance cytotoxicity of T cells ckill. The threshold (red dashed line) is calculated using df = 5 and a 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-best-fit-for-each-mouse-treated-with-ad-41bbl-il-12-ct0pn5x1.png Fig 2. Best-fit for each mouse treated with Ad/41BBL/IL-12 and DCs in the order VDVDVD at a dose of 2.5× 109 OVs and 106 DCs [33]. The QMC fits (in which each mouse is treated independently of the others) are shown in blue, and the NLME fits are shown in red. The experimental data (black) is also provided on each plot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-individual-volumetric-trajectories-are-shown-for-eight-2yvhbucc.png Fig 1. Individual volumetric trajectories are shown for eight mice treated with Ad/4-1BBL/IL-12. The average, with standard error bars, is also shown in black [33]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-representation-of-a-bifurcation-diagram-in-whm00pdj.png Fig 5. Schematic representation of a bifurcation diagram in two-dimensional parameter space. For certain nonlinear combinations of parameters, a treatment can successfully eradicate a tumor (as occurs for Mouse 8 treated with VVVDDD according to NLME parameters), result in tumor stabilization (as occurs for Mouse 6 treated with VVVDDD according to NLME parameters), or can fail to control the tumor (as occurs for Mouse 5 treated with VVVDDD according to NLME parameters). Note the bifurcation diagram is dependent on both the dose of drug being given, and the ordering of those drugs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-best-fit-values-of-tumor-growth-rate-parameter-r-virus-147rbegh.png Fig 3. Best-fit values of tumor growth rate parameter r, virus infectivity parameter β, viral decay rate δV , infected cell lysis rate δI , T cell stimulation term by immunostimulants cT , and T cell stimulation term by DCs χD. The best-fit values are shown for each mouse and are presented relative to the best-fit value of the parameter in the average mouse [34]. Therefore, a value of 1 means the parameter value is equal to that in the average mouse, less than 1 is a smaller value, and greater than 1 is a larger value. Values for other model parameters are shown in Fig. S2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-heatmaps-showing-the-log-of-the-tumor-volume-measured-19n79d6s.png Fig 8. Heatmaps showing the log of the tumor volume measured at 80 days, at the high DC (50% greater than experimental dose), low OV (50% lower than experimental dose) region of dosing space. Left shows predictions if parameters are fit using QMC, and right shows NLME predictions. Inserts show time course of predicted treatment response for Mouse 6 and 7 to the optimal-for-the-average protocol of DDDVVV. https://scispace.com/papers/personnel-economics-the-economist-s-view-of-human-resources-48rucm6m1r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-paying-for-input-versus-paying-for-output-2zqo9uvi.png Figure 1 Paying for Input versus Paying for Output https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-human-resource-management-practices-in-large-firms-3pd7qm82.png Table 1 Human Resource Management Practices in Large Firms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-when-to-use-teams-1j8j72d4.png Figure 2 When to Use Teams https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-individuals-covered-by-employment-1u0ankbe.png Table 2 Percentage of Individuals Covered by Employment-Based Health Insurance (by family income) https://scispace.com/papers/perspectives-for-electrochemical-capacitors-and-related-1dfcbbbsyo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-micro-supercapacitors-for-current-and-future-3bl4wpg8.png Fig. 6 | Micro-supercapacitors for current and future technologies. a, Sketch of a connected network of sensors used for the IoT. b, Calculations of areal and volumetric capacitance of micro-devices with planar (top) or interdigitated (bottom) electrode configuration. c, Example of Ragone plots showing the performance of MSC devices normalized per surface area (left) and volume (right). AN, acetonitrile; CNT, carbon nanotube; rGO, reduced graphene oxide. Adapted with permission from ref. 106, AAAS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-conceptual-presentation-of-redox-capacitance-a-cv-of-3nhg69mo.png Fig. 4 | Conceptual presentation of redox capacitance. a, CV of RuO2 electrode. b, The fast surface reactions at RuO2 particles explain the presence of bumps on a capacitive-type CV, leading to a surface pseudocapacitance charge-storage mechanism. c, Electrochemical signature (CV) of T-Nb2O5 in non-aqueous LiClO4 in propylene carbonate (PC) electrolyte, showing intercalation pseudocapacitance due to fast, non-diffusion-limited Li + intercalation into the bulk of the material. d, Structure of T-Nb2O5 with the intercalated Li ions. e, CV of a Ti3C2 MXene electrode in non-aqueous 1 M LiTFSI in PC electrolyte, showing fast Li+ intercalation into the gaps between Ti3C2 layers. f, Structure of Ti3C2 MXene showing intercalated and desolvated Li ions (noted as Li+(PC)0) between the Ti3C2 MXene layers. Adapted with permission from: a,b, ref. 12, SNL; e,f, ref. 86, SNL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-lithium-ion-capacitors-a-b-concept-of-a-li-ion-1m0r6xa8.png Fig. 5 | Lithium-ion capacitors. a,b, Concept of a Li-ion capacitor (LIC), which combines a negative graphite electrode, as used in a Li-ion battery, with a positive porous carbon EDLC electrode. The cell voltage is increased relative to an EDLC capacitor using symmetrical porous carbon electrodes. c,d, Concepts to show that high-power batteries and high-energy ECs using pseudocapacitive materials share similar features. Here, a combination of pseudocapacitive Nb2O5 or MXene negative electrode with a defective LFP positive electrode with sloping profile suggests the possibility of building a pseudocapacitive device. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ragone-plot-the-plot-shows-the-trends-towards-greater-3su42ffy.png Fig. 1 | Ragone plot. The plot shows the trends towards greater specific power for batteries and specific energy for electrochemical capacitors https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-carbon-based-electrical-double-layer-capacitors-a-a-142q2c06.png Fig. 2 | Carbon-based electrical double-layer capacitors. a, A typical CV (left) and a galvanostatic discharge plot (right) of a capacitive EDLC; Q is the gravimetric capacity normalized to carbon weight. b–d, Charge-storage mechanisms. b, Snapshot of BMI,PF6 ionic liquid electrolyte between two graphite electrodes under a polarization of 2 V (top). The long-range layered structure observed as a consequence of charge overscreening (middle) is suppressed when adding an organic solvent (bottom). ρion, ion density. c, Formation of a superionic state as the consequence of the creation of co-ion pairs when the ionic liquid EMI-TFSI is confined in pores with a size comparable to the ion size (top). The first solvation shell around an anion contains up to 24% anions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-current-performance-of-carbon-based-electrical-double-m8i3dfqm.png Fig. 3 | Current performance of carbon-based electrical double-layer capacitors and perspectives for improvements. a, Comparison of discharge energy at various discharge times for a Li-ion battery (red), a pseudocapacitor (green) and an EDLC (blue) of similar volume. For discharge times less than ~10 s, EDLCs can deliver higher energy density, while the discharge time should reach ~30 s for the current generation of pseudocapacitors. b, Concept of https://scispace.com/papers/pervasive-data-science-49yhxmt71v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-gabriel-architecture-for-cognitive-assistance-3-9zd8dns6.png Fig. 2. The Gabriel Architecture for Cognitive Assistance [3]. Used with Permission. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-examples-of-emerging-challenges-in-pervasive-data-f3j3mu18.png Fig. 1. Examples of emerging challenges in pervasive data science https://scispace.com/papers/pervasive-intelligent-decision-support-system-technology-1n7vjvh6hr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-analysis-for-questions-bi-16mss3ez.png Fig. 7. Analysis for questions (BI) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-analysis-for-questions-pu-2qj1su5a.png Fig. 5. Analysis for questions (PU) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-analysis-for-questions-ub-2n22pg3t.png Fig. 8. Analysis for questions (UB) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-mode-and-average-for-each-construct-and-30yx0hqf.png Table 3. Summary of mode and average for each construct and analysis overall https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-analysis-for-questions-peou-12njkek4.png Fig. 6. Analysis for questions (PEOU) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-evaluation-of-pu-101rfbtz.png Fig. 1. Evaluation of PU https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evaluation-of-ub-1x9i8wnk.png Fig. 4. Evaluation of UB https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-evaluation-of-bi-17ro2h85.png Fig. 3. Evaluation of BI https://scispace.com/papers/pervasive-services-on-the-move-smart-service-diffusion-on-91oek6r1w6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overhead-results-of-state-transfer-synchronization-3rtt4vwy.png Table 1. Overhead results of state transfer, synchronization and handover. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-building-blocks-of-the-cogito-enabling-service-2cnzfvht.png Fig. 2. Building blocks of the COGITO enabling service. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-grocery-list-is-automatically-adapted-to-fit-the-fhwgn2p8.png Fig. 4. The grocery list is automatically adapted to fit the new screen size if needed. After redeployment the states of all the replicated grocery lists are synchronized. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-live-migration-and-diffusion-of-services-service-en6nb58t.png Fig. 1. Live migration and diffusion of services. Service migration completely relocates the service to another host, while service diffusion redeploys the same service on other hosts and ensures service state replication and synchronization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-new-service-states-in-the-life-cycle-of-a-migrating-or-br00mixe.png Fig. 3. New service states in the life-cycle of a migrating or diffusing service. Some of the transitions of the original service are shown in green, the ones of the replicated service(s) in red. https://scispace.com/papers/pesticide-safety-training-and-practices-in-women-working-in-3srstcjg17 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-acetylcholinesterase-ache-levels-16d05z2s.png Table 3 Comparison of acetylcholinesterase (AChe) levels between studies among exposed and non-exposed populations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-details-of-women-working-in-agriculture-31nubh6v.png Table 1 Demographic details of women working in agriculture https://scispace.com/papers/pesticides-that-inhibit-the-ubiquitin-proteasome-system-3so4ysgl17 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-subjects-with-at-least-one-t-allele-i-e-subjects-with-3e14276s.png Fig. 1. Subjects with at least one T allele (i.e., subjects with the CT or TT genotype; dark gray) who have ambient exposure to UPS-inhibiting pesticides at both residential and workplace addresses have a significantly stronger association with PD compared to subjects with no T allele (i.e., subjects with the CC genotype; light gray) and a similar level of exposure; there is evidence for effect measure modification by genotype [OR (95%CI) for interaction¼4.63 (1.59–13.5), p-value for interaction¼0.005]. There is no effect measure modification by genotype for subjects with ambient exposure at either residence or workplace [OR (95%CI) for interaction¼1.30 (0.60–2.83), p-value for interaction¼0.506]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-associations-between-pd-and-ambient-exposure-to-ups-157o4yp3.png Table 2 Associations between PD and ambient exposure to UPS-inhibiting pesticides in the Parkinson's, Environment & Genes (PEG) Studya. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pesticides-that-inhibit-26s-proteasomal-activity-3523wjnq.png Table 1 Pesticides that inhibit 26S proteasomal activity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-measure-modification-ups-inhibiting-pesticide-1len8b0f.png Table 3 Effect measure modification: UPS-inhibiting pesticide exposure and UPS-related genetic variants in PD. https://scispace.com/papers/pet-iterative-reconstruction-incorporating-an-efficient-3kj50xo2k4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-histograms-of-the-positron-range-and-of-the-2fuchqg8.png Figure 2: Histograms of the positron range and of the annihilation coordinates for 68Ga in water for different magnetic field strengths[14]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-and-cv-relative-to-the-small-hot-spot-volume-in-16ic0q23.png Table 2: Mean and CV relative to the small hot spot volume in the case of the water homogeneous phantom. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-and-cv-relative-to-the-small-hot-spot-volume-in-pqg6joic.png Table 3: Mean and CV relative to the small hot spot volume in the case of the lung tissue homogeneous phantom. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-positron-mean-ranges-mm-for-18f-mean-positron-energy-1u4lpmyf.png Table 1: Positron mean ranges (mm) for 18F (mean positron energy 250 keV ), 68Ga (mean positron energy 783 keV) and 82Rb (mean positron energy 1475 keV). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-line-profiles-blue-is-the-true-phantom-black-and-1rklpamp.png Figure 5: Line profiles: blue is the true phantom, black and red are relative to the blurred non-corrected and corrected phantom respectively. (a) and (b): big spot in water phantom with simulated noise. (c) and (d): small spot in the lung tissue phantom without simulated noise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-transverse-on-the-left-and-sagittal-plane-on-the-2alk2uco.png Figure 4: Transverse (on the left) and sagittal plane (on the right) of the water phantom with Poisson noise. (a) and (b): original phantom. (c) and (e): 0T, no correction. (d) and (f): 0T with correction. (g) and (i): 3 T, no correction. (h),(j): 3 T with correction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2d-planes-of-the-kernels-relative-to-68ga-in-lung-nsw7w1at.png Figure 1: 2D planes of the kernels relative to 68Ga in lung tissue. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-positron-range-versus-magnetic-field-for-all-s7hegjue.png Figure 3: Mean positron range versus magnetic field, for all simulated positron emitters, in water and lung tissue phantoms [14]. https://scispace.com/papers/pet-imaging-of-dopamine-transporters-with-18-f-fe-pe2i-3qy4jx9087 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-striatal-bpnd-between-normal-and-pd-1jrdya2x.png Figure 3. Comparison of striatal BPND between normal and PD rats. (n = 4 each, * for P<0.05 according to Dunn’s multiple comparison test) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-representative-bpnd-parametric-map-of-18f-fe-pe2i-15yixqwo.png Figure 4. Representative BPND parametric map of [18F]FE-PE2I and TH staining section. (a) Coronal, (b) transaxial image of BPND parametric map, and (c) TH staining coronal section for PD rat. (d) - (f) for normal rat. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-striatal-bpnd-of-18f-fe-pe2i-after-pre-treated-each-1d637075.png Figure 7. Striatal BPND of [18F]FE-PE2I after pre-treated each drugs……20 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-striatal-bpnd-of-18f-fe-pe2i-after-pre-treated-each-3ggch91v.png Figure 7. Striatal BPND of [18F]FE-PE2I after pre-treated each drugs……20 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-coronal-and-b-transaxial-average-pet-image-from-2yxyi3l4.png Figure 1. (a) Coronal and (b) transaxial average PET image from 5min to 90 min after IV injection of [18F]FE-PE2I in rat number 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-time-dependency-of-striatal-bpnd-as-a-function-of-3ko24int.png Figure 6. Time dependency of striatal BPND as a function of duration of PET measurement on normal rat. Striatal BPND values are expressed as percentage of terminal value. Error bar represents SE (n=4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-correlation-between-lesioned-and-unlesioned-3m5v2inl.png Figure 5. Correlation between lesioned and unlesioned striatal BPND of PD rats (n=8). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tacs-for-regional-brain-uptake-after-iv-injection-1xi75vx8.png Figure 2. TACs for regional brain uptake after IV injection of [18F]FE-PE2I (A) on https://scispace.com/papers/petrology-and-geochemistry-of-the-lyngdal-granodiorite-2vsdma64a8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-rb-sr-isochrons-2vm95352.png Fig. 12. Rb–Sr isochrons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-major-element-content-wt-vs-wt-sio2-rapakivi-granites-2717xw87.png Fig. 8. Major element content (wt.%) vs. wt.% SiO2. Rapakivi granites are shown as shaded fields (Jamon: Dall’Agnol et al. (1999c); Sherman granite: Frost et al. (1999); Finnish rapakivi granites: Rämö and Haapala https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sketch-map-of-the-lyngdal-complex-lyngdal-granodiorite-sr67q9y8.png Fig. 2. Sketch map of the Lyngdal complex (Lyngdal granodiorite, Tranevåg and the Red Granite) simplified from Falkum (1982). Dots are the location of the analysed (major and trace elements) samples https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-classification-diagrams-a-tas-diagram-wt-na2o-k2o-vs-2ximu6yi.png Fig. 5. Classification diagrams. (A) TAS diagram (wt.% Na2O+K2O vs. SiO2). The two boundaries between the subalkaline and alkaline domain are from Rickwood (1989). (B) Peacock index [wt.% CaO/(Na2O+K2O) vs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-of-mass-balance-calculations-for-major-33gkh4ka.png Table 6. Results of mass-balance calculations for major elements https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-results-of-trace-elements-modelling-3fb4ca7z.png Table 7. Results of trace elements modelling https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-plagioclase-electron-microprobe-analyses-27tttfz6.png Table 1. Plagioclase electron microprobe analyses https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-trace-element-content-ppm-vs-wt-sio2-98fn5be7.png Fig. 9. Trace element content (ppm) vs. wt.% SiO2. https://scispace.com/papers/petrographical-and-organic-geochemical-study-of-the-lignite-4de0i1558v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-absolute-contents-of-biomarker-classes-relative-30c49ih5.png Table 2: Absolute contents of biomarker classes, relative proportions of biomarker classes and values of biomarker parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-maceral-composition-of-sxcs-based-on-mineral-ilbedxgg.png Table 4: The maceral composition of SXCs based on mineral matter-free (vol. %) and values of petrographic indices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-main-geotectonic-and-metallogenic-units-of-serbia-1zqpau2j.png Fig. 1. Main geotectonic and metallogenic units of Serbia (modified after Dimitrijević 2000; Schmid et al. 2008). 1 — Pannonian Basin; 2 — Budva-Cukali Zone; 3 — High Karst Unit; 4 — Pre-Karst and Bosnian Flysch Unit; 5 — East Bosnian-Durmitor Thrust Sheet; 6 — Dinaric Ophiolitic Belt; 7 — Western Vardar Ophioliic Unit; 8 — Drina-Ivanjica Thrust Sheet; 9 — Jadar-Kopaonik Thrust Sheet; 10 — Sava Zone; 11 — Eastern Vardar Ophiolitic Unit; 12 — Serbo-Macedonian Unit; 13 — Getic Unit; 14 — Danubian Nappes; 15 — Ceahlau-Severin Unit; 16 — Central Balkan and Prebalkan Units; 17 — Moesian Platform; 18 — External Moesian Foredeep; 19 — Boundary of metallogenic units; 20 — Locations of the Kolubara (A) and Kostolac (B) basins. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tic-total-ion-chromatogram-of-the-saturated-fraction-eemsovmj.png Fig. 4. TIC (Total Ion Chromatogram) of the saturated fraction of SXCs from the Kolubara Basin. • — n-Alkanes are labelled according to their carbon number; Pr — Pristane; Ph — Phytane; Std. — Standard (deuterated n-tetracosane); 17α21β and 17β21β designate configurations at C-17 and C-21 in hopanes, (R) designates configuration at C-22 in hopanes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-tic-of-the-aromatic-fraction-of-sxcs-from-the-kostolac-3u2fbtsa.png Fig. 7. TIC of the aromatic fraction of SXCs from the Kostolac Basin. Std — Standard (1,1′ binaphthyl); H — D-ring monoaromatic hopane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-photomicrographs-of-typical-macerals-for-pale-yellow-3hrtftex.png Fig. 8. Photomicrographs of typical macerals for pale yellow SXC (a–b); dark yellow SXC (c–d); brown SXC (e–f); black SXC (g–h) in normal light (a, c, e, g) and UV light (b, d, f, h). Te — Textinite; Ul — Ulminite. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-lithostratigraphic-column-of-the-neogene-7ze0bzj2.png Fig. 2. Schematic lithostratigraphic column of the Neogene from the Kolubara and Kostolac. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relative-proportions-of-individual-hopanoids-p26tiitp.png Table 3: Relative proportions (%) of individual hopanoids calculated from mass chromatograms m/z 191. https://scispace.com/papers/pgc1-ppar-drive-cardiomyocyte-maturation-through-regulation-qt3szfor7k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pgc1-deficiency-leads-to-maturation-defects-in-2lzyvatn.png Fig. 4. PGC1-deficiency leads to maturation defects in postnatal CMs and affects gene regulatory networks controlling muscle development and mitochondrial process A, Single-cell transcriptomic trajectory of control and PGC1 cmKO CMs. B, Distribution of pseudotime maturation scores analyzed from p0–p28. C, Fuzzy clustering with selected clusters for upregulated (top) and downregulated (bottom) genes. Color indicates membership score of each gene in the cluster. D, Fuzzy clustering of PGC1 cmKO CMs showing upregulated (top) and downregulated (bottom) clusters. E, GO term visualization by fold enrichment (dot size) and p-value (dot color). F, Motif analysis for PGC1α. G, Venn diagram of differentially expressed genes in control and PGC1 cmKO CMs and PGC1α/PPARα ChIP-seq peaks at p7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pgc1-ppara-promotes-psc-cm-maturation-through-yap1-a-2ve6d83x.png Fig. 5. PGC1/PPARα promotes PSC-CM maturation through Yap1 A, Control and PGC1α/PPARα agonist-treated mouse ESC-CMs at day 30 (dissociated and replated at low density). The CMs were stained with α-actinin antibody (green) and dapi (blue). Insets show magnified views of boxed areas shown in left. PQQ 10µM, WY14643 1µM. B, Quantification of cell area of mouse ESC-CMs treated with PGC1α/PPARα agonists for 15 days. Control n=192, PGC1 agonist n=162, PPARα agonist n=118. C, Fourier transform traction microscopy showing RMS traction in pascals of control and treated mouse ESC-CMs. D, Representative images of control (RFP-) and Yap1 cmKO (RFP+) CMs isolated from p32 hearts. E, Quantification of cell area of control and Yap1 cmKO CMs. Control n=319, Yap1 cmKO n=404. F, Cell area measurements for human ESC-CMs treated with PGC1α/PPARα agonists in combination with Yap inhibitor ((R)-PFI-2 1µm). n=25, 26, 41, 52, 40, 31, 22 by column. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-postnatal-cms-exhibit-high-levels-of-transcriptomic-1xfpnxdk.png Fig. 1. Postnatal CMs exhibit high levels of transcriptomic heterogeneity A, Experimental design for scRNA-seq and computational analysis of CMs isolated from p0–p28 hearts. B, t-SNE plot representation of p0–p28 CMs. C, Monocle-based developmental trajectory of p0–28 CMs. D, Distribution of normalized pseudotimes (maturation scores) by age. E, FACS-based cell size analysis with time of flight. F, Log expression of CM genes associated with structural maturation, calcium handling, cell cycle, hypertrophy, and ion channels plotted over pseudotime. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-pgc1-ppar-regulate-calcium-handling-via-sf3b2-a-29mw5f4f.png Fig. 6. PGC1/PPAR regulate calcium handling via SF3B2 A, Experimental diagram of human ESC-CM differentiation, agonist treatment, and calcium function analyses. B–F, Distribution of calcium transient duration (CTD) 75 with sample trace and median peak rise and CTD50 and CTD75 times. G, SiRNA screen results with kernelized stein discrepancy (KS-D) and CTD75. Untreated or PPARα agonist-treated ESC-CMs were used as negative or positive control, respectively. H, Median CTD75 for validated siRNAs. I, Working model. p-values: *<0.5,**<0.1,***<0.01,****<0.001. ANOVA using student’s t-test with Bonferroni correction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pgc1-ppar-is-a-predicted-key-upstream-regulator-of-cm-21p7dho5.png Fig. 2. PGC1/PPAR is a predicted key upstream regulator of CM maturation A, Top transcriptional regulators plotted by p-value and IPA activation z-score with nuclear receptors highlighted in red. B, Heatmap of gene expression of PGC1 and nuclear receptors in developing mouse hearts and cultured PSC-CMs, quantified by qPCR. C, P-value ranking of top upstream regulators of CM maturation with two PGC1 isoforms highlighted in red. D, Expression trends over pseudotime of PGC1 and PPARα in postnatal CMs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pgc1-is-required-for-cm-hypertrophy-and-contractility-2t2hjdi9.png Fig. 3. PGC1 is required for CM hypertrophy and contractility development A, Experimental scheme showing generation and analyses of a cmKO heart achieved by injection of AAV9-cTnT-Cre into PGC1α/β flox/flox; Ai9 mice at p0. B, Heart slice showing a cmKO myocyte in myocardium (top) and dissociated control (middle) and cmKO (bottom) myocytes. C, Violin plots of cell area distributions in control (blue) and cmKO (red) CMs at p7, p14, p28. n=44,11,90,49,522,132 (left to right). D–F, Sarcomere shortening data with the average trace, fractional shortening and contraction velocity. Control n=13, cmKO n=19. G–I, Calcium handling with average calcium trace, peak height, and departure velocity. Control n=12, cmKO n=9. p-value: *<0.5,**<0.1,***<0.01. https://scispace.com/papers/ph-d-supervision-doctoral-students-perceptions-expectations-ol6f9ibb9c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-contextual-expertise-facet-2oz8raxt.png Figure 3. Contextual expertise facet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-results-obtained-for-the-a-scholarly-expertise-and-24idf18t.png Figure 2. Results obtained for the A) scholarly expertise and B) technê facets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-results-obtained-for-a-learning-alliance-and-b-aglyloe0.png Figure 1. Results obtained for A) learning alliance and B) habits of mind facets. https://scispace.com/papers/ph-induced-reversal-of-ionic-diode-polarity-in-300-nm-thin-9wjwolrfik 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-drawing-of-the-4-electrode-membrane-3w1ikbsx.png Figure 1.(A) Schematic drawing of the 4-electrode membrane polarisation experiment based on a 20 m diameter micro-hole that is covered with a typically 300 nm thin PIM-EA-TB membrane. (B) AFM image of the spin-coated PIM-EA-TB membrane after cutting to reveal the thickness. (C) Cross-sectional profile (inset molecular structure of PIM-EA-TB). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-cyclic-voltammograms-50-mv-s-1-for-a-pim-ea-tb-3ghah4zk.png Figure 2. (A) Cyclic voltammograms (50 mV s-1) for a PIM-EA-TB membrane in 10 mM HCl, 10 mM NaCl, and 10 mM NaOH. (B) Chronoamperometry (+1 and -1 V) for 10 mM HCl, 10 mM NaCl, and 10 mM NaOH. (C) Cyclic voltammograms (50 mVs-1) for 10 mM NaCl with the pH adjusted with HCl. (D) As before, but with the pH adjusted with NaOH. (E,F) Schematic drawing of the ionic diode in “open” and “closed” states. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-cyclic-voltammograms-50-mvs-1-for-pim-ea-tb-31xu66sb.png Figure 3.(A) Cyclic voltammograms (50 mVs-1) for PIM-EA-TB membrane in (i) 10 mM, (ii) 50 mM, and (iii) 100 mM HCl. (B) As above, but for (i) 10 mM NaOH, (ii) 50 mM NaOH, and (iii) 100 mM NaOH. (C) Cyclic voltammograms (50 mVs-1) for a PIM-EA-TB membrane in 10 mM HCl (i), H2SO4 (ii), HClO4 (iii), and H3PO4 (iv). (D) As above, but with 10 mM Na2SO4 (i), NaCl (ii), NaClO4 (iii), and NaBF4 (iv). (E) Cyclic voltammograms (50 mVs -1) for a PIMEA-TB membrane in 10 mM HCl with varying hydrostatic pressure (see F inset, the fill-height of one half-cell relative to the second was systematically varied by adding or removing electrolyte to give (i) -10, (ii) -5, (iii) 0, (iv) +5, (v) +10 cm hydrostatic pressure in the counter relative to the working compartment). (F) As before, but for 10 mM NaOH. https://scispace.com/papers/ph-neutral-concrete-for-attached-microalgae-and-enhanced-4o394fdd6u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5a-1k7be4vd.png Figure 5B https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2b-pc-silica-with-algae-247zoz4d.png Figure 2B - PC/silica, with algae. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2a-carbonated-pc-silica-after-molding-vlxcfnwf.png Figure 2B - PC/silica, with algae. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-barnacles-1-5-x-actual-size-lle3klqp.png Figure 6 - Barnacles, ~1.5 x actual size https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-organic-matter-attachment-and-rate-of-photosynthesis-2k4re42h.png TABLE 5 - Organic Matter Attachment and Rate of Photosynthesis - Foamed Cement Samples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4b-162208s0.png Figure 4B https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4a-25vn5122.png Figure 4B https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-organic-matter-attachment-and-rate-of-photosynthesis-1fds6mq4.png TABLE 6 - Organic Matter Attachment and Rate of Photosynthesis - Foamed Cement Samples https://scispace.com/papers/ph-responsive-diblock-copolymers-with-two-different-2jeg67djg0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-particle-characterization-and-effect-of-ph-a-18j4bu98.png Figure 7: Particle characterization and effect of pH. (A) Intensity-average light scattering intensity versus diameter for a solution of 0.13 g/L P(GMA61-co-PyMA0.55)-PDPA64-CV0.15 in 0.1 M aqueous HCl at pH 7.2 (after increasing from pH 3 using 1 M NaOH) prior to addition of gluconolactone. (B) CLSM images obtained for P(GMA61-co-PyMA0.55)-PDPA64CV0.15 excited using a 405 nm laser at pH 3 and pH 7.2. Green: 450-550 nm. Red: 600-700 nm. (C) Spectra obtained using a CLSM capable of recording spectral information for the emitted light of a 1.1 g/L solution of P(GMA61-co-PyMA0.55)-PDPA64-CV0.15 in 0.1 M aqueous HCl (pH 3, red) and of the same solution at pH 7.2 (black). (D) Fluorescence intensity ratios determined from CLSM images recorded from 500 to 550 nm and from 600 to 700 nm as a function of time after addition of 0.06 M gluconolactone at 20 °C. Insets: CLSM images recorded for the 500-550 nm interval at the stated time points. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characterization-of-target-p-gma61-co-pyma0-54-3hv58ch5.png Table 1: Characterization of target P(GMA61-co-PyMA0.54)にPDPA240 diblock copolymers where CV is either present throughout the polymerization or added at 70 % conversion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-thf-gpc-curves-obtained-for-p-gma-co-pyma-pdpa-2qdn5dmm.png Figure 4: THF GPC curves obtained for P(GMA-co-PyMA)-PDPA block copolymers during kinetics studies after derivatization of the hydroxy groups of the GMA residues using excess benzoic anhydride in pyridine. (A) GPC curves for P(GMA-co-PyMA)-PDPA prepared in the absence of any CV. (B) GPC curves for P(GMA-co-PyMA)-PDPA obtained in the presence of 0.13 equivalents of CV ClO4. The arrow indicates increasing conversion. Conditions: [DPA]:[P(GMA61-co-PyMA0.55)]:[ACVA] = 240:1.00:0.50. [P(GMA61-co-PyMA0.55)] = 17.3 mol/kg. 70 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-photophysical-characterization-of-p-gma-co-pyma-pdpa-392u8d66.png Table 2: Photophysical characterization of P(GMA-co-PyMA)-PDPA-CV dissolved in either ethanol or 0.1 M aqueous HCl https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-uv-visible-absorption-spectra-recorded-for-p-gma-co-3i94ohmr.png Figure 5: UV-visible absorption spectra recorded for P(GMA-co-PyMA)-PDPA-CV diblock copolymers in either ethanol or aqueous 0.1 M HCl. A reference spectrum for CV ClO4 in 0.1 M HCl is included for comparison. (A) [P(GMA61-co-PyMA0.55)-coにPDPA202-CV0.29] = 3.12 g/L. (B) [P(GMA61-co-PyMA0.55)にPDPA64-CV0.15] = 1.35 g/L. [CV ClO4] = 0.0036 g/L. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-preparation-of-pgma-macro-cta-in-the-presence-or-jk757m0y.png Figure 1: Preparation of PGMA macro-CTA in the presence or absence of pyrene methacrylate comonomer in ethanol at 70 °C. (A) Monomer conversion and semilogarithmic plot as a function of time. (B) Evolution of Mn and Mw/Mn as a function of conversion. Legend: black circles に [PyMA]:[PETTC] = 0. grey squares - [PyMA]:[PETTC] = 0.06. blue squares [PyMA]:[PETTC] = 0.13. green triangles - [PyMA]:[PETTC] = 0.58. red circles - [PyMA]:[PETTC] = 1.1. Conditions: [GMA]:[PETTC]:[ACVA] = 55:1:0.1; [GMA] = 0.0031 mol/g https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-emission-spectra-recorded-for-p-gma61-co-pyma0-55-1ht2dvce.png Figure 6: Emission spectra recorded for P(GMA61-co-PyMA0.55)にPDPA202-CV0.29 and CV ClO4 using relevant laser wavelengths (dotted lines show absorption spectra). (A) P(GMA61-co-PyMA0.55)にPDPA202-CV0.29 dissolved in ethanol. (B) P(GMA61-co-PyMA0.55)に PDPA202-CV0.29 dissolved in 0.1 M aqueous HCl. (C) CV ClO4 dissolved in 0.1 M aqueous HCl. For spectra recorded using an excitation wavelength of 342 nm, excitation and emission slits were both set to 2.5 nm. For all other spectra, excitation and emission slits were both set to 5 nm so as to compare relative intensities between wavelengths and solvents. Fluorescence spectra concentrations: [P(GMA61-co-PyMA0.55)にPDPA202CV0.29] = 0.312 g/L. [CV ClO4] = 0.536ひ10-3 g/L. Absorption spectra concentrations: [P(GMA61-co-PyMA0.55)にPDPA202-CV0.29] = 3.12 g/L. [P(GMA61-co-PyMA0.55)にPDPA64CV0.15] = 1.35 g/L. [CV ClO4] = 0.0036 g/L. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-absorption-and-emission-recorded-for-p-gma-co-pyma-92p19w25.png Figure 2: Absorption and emission recorded for P(GMA-co-PyMA) macro-CTAs containing an increasing proportion of pyrene methacrylate comonomer. All spectra were recorded in deionized water and normalized with respect to the copolymer concentration. Excitation wavelength = 342 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/ph-sensing-of-printed-flexible-sensors-1m4zhsf0z6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sem-image-of-the-optimized-cnt-wt-in-the-oulx9dcg.png Figure 2: SEM image of the optimized CNT wt. % in the nanocomposite. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-fabrication-steps-of-the-cnt-3laep4pq.png Figure 1: Schematic diagram of fabrication steps of the CNT-PDMS sensor patches. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-diagram-of-the-fabrication-steps-of-the-2epkc9zt.png Figure 4: Schematic diagram of the fabrication steps of the Al-PET sensor patches. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-front-and-rear-view-of-the-developed-cnt-pdms-15jkz4gy.png Figure 3: Front and rear view of the developed CNT-PDMS sensor patches. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sem-images-of-the-electrodes-of-the-al-pet-sensor-3bsi5m54.png Figure 5: SEM images of the electrodes of the Al-PET sensor patches depicting the laser-cut of the Al side. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sem-image-of-the-a-top-view-of-the-electrodes-and-b-33tqk6ve.png Figure 8: SEM image of the (a) top-view of the electrodes and (b) single electrode line of the transferred graphene powder on the Kapton tapes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-front-and-rear-view-of-the-al-pet-sensor-patches-20r99i2w.png Figure 6: Front and rear view of the Al-PET sensor patches. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-schematic-diagram-of-fabrication-of-the-graphene-pi-3gjsek7u.png Figure 7: Schematic diagram of fabrication of the graphene-PI sensor patches. https://scispace.com/papers/pharmaceutical-cost-sharing-systems-and-savings-for-1nr3micc6n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-coinsurance-vs-indemnity-in-s-indemnity-insurance-2snv3m3b.png Figure 5: Coinsurance vs. indemnity in S, indemnity insurance in D, τ = 0.5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-coinsurance-vs-indemnity-in-s-coinsurance-in-d-t-0-2gn42nmc.png Figure 4: Coinsurance vs. indemnity in S, coinsurance in D, τ = 0.5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-coinsurance-vs-indemnity-insurance-in-d-indemnity-3mtjpyzv.png Figure 3: Coinsurance vs. indemnity insurance in D, indemnity insurance in S, τ = 0.5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-coinsurance-rates-vs-indemnity-insurance-1cun68ca.png Figure 1: Coinsurance rates vs. indemnity insurance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-coinsurance-vs-indemnity-in-d-coinsurance-in-s-t-0-1rouapfg.png Figure 2: Coinsurance vs. indemnity in D, coinsurance in S, τ = 0.5 https://scispace.com/papers/pharmaceuticals-and-the-elderly-a-comparative-analysis-3ybe4bqcw8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-aging-and-population-data-for-the-seven-countries-2kxsmu7t.png Table 3. Aging and Population Data for the Seven Countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-various-measures-of-health-care-and-drug-spending-in-2okajcdz.png Table 2. Various Measures of Health Care and Drug Spending in Seven Comparison Countries https://scispace.com/papers/pharmacists-self-perceptions-in-relation-to-the-advanced-539my1gzg0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-characteristics-of-pharmacists-working-with-2ymapjr3.png Fig. 1: General characteristics of pharmacists working with Advanced Practice competency 103 standards adapted from An Advanced Pharmacy Practice Framework for Australia, 2012. 104 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-general-characteristics-of-pharmacists-at-different-b1rw6vxt.png Table 3: General characteristics of pharmacists at different self-perceived levels of practice 266 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-the-study-respondents-181-12u2ntga.png Table 1: Demographics of the study respondents 181 https://scispace.com/papers/pharmacist-led-medication-review-in-community-dwelling-older-1qkhf1jraj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-the-participants-2dqzru1n.png TABLE 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-flowchart-with-a-recruitment-of-participants-2g15nxdm.png FIGURE 1 Study flowchart with A, recruitment of participants and B, intervention characteristics. DRP, drug‐related problem; GP: general practitioner; GheOP3S: Ghent Older People's Prescriptions community Pharmacy Screening; *Eligible patients: Patients on which both the pharmacist and GP agreed a medication review could be beneficial https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-acceptance-and-implementation-rate-of-pharmacists-142630wl.png TABLE 3 Acceptance and implementation rate (%) of pharmacists' recommendations (n = 426) per recommendation type (according to the PharmDISC classification system) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-baseline-drps-and-subsequent-pharmacists-221zhvhp.png TABLE 2 Baseline DRPs and subsequent pharmacists' recommendations (classified according to the PharmDISC classification system28) https://scispace.com/papers/pharmacists-role-in-depression-care-a-survey-of-attitudes-35qycm08ox 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pharmacists-perceived-barriers-to-providing-165c7w9u.png Table 2 Pharmacists’ perceived barriers to providing depression carea https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pharmacists-reported-current-level-and-desired-level-3tfl96hl.png Table 3 Pharmacists’ reported current level and desired level of cooperation with other partners in providing depression carea https://scispace.com/papers/pharmacogenomic-strategy-for-individualizing-antidepressant-35bf5v75vc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-candidate-genes-and-corresponding-single-nucleotide-1548v2i1.png Table II. Candidate genes and corresponding single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) densities (pharmacodynamics/signaling). 5-HT, serotonin; NE, norepinephrine; DA, dopamine https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-candidate-genes-and-corresponding-single-nucleotide-vkqk5oxm.png Table I. Candidate genes and corresponding single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) densities (pharmacokinetics). https://scispace.com/papers/pharmacokinetics-and-efficacy-of-oral-versus-intravenous-xdsnoa7smi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-serum-concentrations-of-vitamin-k1-after-oral-or-i-1xrflwqw.png Figure 1 Serum concentrations of vitamin K1 after oral or i.v. mixed-micellar https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-serum-concentrations-of-undercarboxylated-4h2jxjm7.png Figure 2 Serum concentrations of undercarboxylated prothrombin (PIVKA-II; https://scispace.com/papers/pharmacokinetic-study-of-a-systemically-administered-novel-5fkqlu29yh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-b-temoporfin-concentration-as-a-function-of-drug-s110l57b.png Figure 2. a-b Temoporfin concentration as a function of drug-light interval for the organs investigated by HPLC. In c and d the fluorescence contrast ratio and the Temoporfin fluorescence amplitude are seen, respectively, as a function of drug-light interval. Error bars denote ± 1 standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-raw-fluorescence-intensity-images-at-653-nm-for-225l1nu3.png Figure 1. Raw fluorescence intensity images at 653 nm for excised organs. From left to right: liver, muscle, skin and tumor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlation-coefficients-between-data-from-each-of-1qwfazox.png Table 1. Correlation coefficients between data from each of the three methods used for assessing Temoporfin concentration within the organs. P-values are also given. https://scispace.com/papers/pharmacokinetics-and-pharmacodynamics-of-monoclonal-3tf98ku6xo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-results-about-efficacy-and-safety-of-mabs-in-1gpogfzp.png Table 2 . Main results about efficacy and safety of MAbs in severe asthma https://scispace.com/papers/pharmacological-in-vivo-test-to-evaluate-the-bioavailability-2stqcsthc6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dried-extract-composition-mg-100mg-1g3ue7x7.png Table 1. Dried extract composition (mg/100mg) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-solubility-of-constituents-mg-ml-of-hypericum-3upxi88v.png Table 2. Solubility of constituents (μg/ml) of Hypericum perforatum L. extract in water and in three different dosage forms: β-Cd colyophilized, SDS and ASC8 micelles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-course-of-micellar-solution-of-asc-8-40-mm-9ozi999e.png Figure 4. Time course of micellar solution of ASC-8 40 mM with at a dosage of 100 mg/Kg p.o. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-course-of-the-colyophilized-st-johns-wort-at-jsiz4i2b.png Figure 5. Time course of the colyophilized St. John’s wort at 100 mg/Kg:β-CD 1:2 w/w p.o. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dose-response-curve-for-the-antidepressant-effect-79i365ab.png Figure 6. Dose-response curve for the antidepressant effect of ASC8 40 mM micelles of St. John’s wort commercial extract A: 15 min after administration, B: 30 min after administration, C: 60 min after administration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-dose-response-curve-for-the-antidepressant-effect-3g06nxmf.png Figure 7. Dose-response curve for the antidepressant effect of β-CD formulation of St. John’s wort commercial extract A: 15 min after administration, B: 30 min after administration, C: 60 min after administration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-evaluation-of-the-effect-of-st-johns-wort-and-other-2t59iq2o.png Figure 8. Evaluation of the effect of St. John’s wort and other vehicles regarding spontaneous motility and explorative activity through the hole board test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-evaluation-of-the-effect-of-vehicles-a-and-vehicles-3uytqjm3.png Figure 9. Evaluation of the effect of vehicles (a) and vehicles with St. John’s wort (b) regarding motor coordination with the Rota rod test. https://scispace.com/papers/pharmacophore-analyses-of-sars-cov-2-active-main-protease-yiwu6uvrhi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-binding-affinity-scores-of-the-compounds-according-59l34kap.png Table 2. Binding affinity scores of the compounds according to the Glide score and ΔG binding score. The table has also included previously reported in vitro results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3d-binding-mode-of-best-posed-main-protease-1ma3se0a.png Figure 2. 3D binding mode of best-posed main protease inhibitors. Hydrogen bonds are represented as yellow dashed lines, and aromatic hydrogen bonds are represented as turquoise dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-binding-modes-and-pharmacophore-feature-match-of-36f2nlb5.png Figure 4. Binding modes and pharmacophore feature match of the best-posed active inhibitors, 13b (a), 14b (b), N3 (c) and Atazanavir (d). Hydrogen bond is represented as purple arrow. ππ sticking interaction is represented as green line. Hydrogen bond acceptors are shown as red vectored spheres, and hydrogen bond donors are shown as blue vectored spheres. Aromatic planes are shown as orange circles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-binding-modes-and-pharmacophore-feature-match-of-3bw1ro2u.png Figure 3. Binding modes and pharmacophore feature match of the best-posed active inhibitors, including 11a (a), 11b (b), 11r (c) and 13a (d). Hydrogen bond is represented as purple arrow. π-π sticking interaction is represented as green line. Hydrogen bond acceptors are shown as red vectored spheres, and hydrogen bond donors are shown as blue vectored spheres. Aromatic planes are shown as orange circles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pharmacophore-model-validation-results-qoufavpf.png Table 1. Pharmacophore model validation results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-pharmacophore-model-generated-a-cocrystallized-aecgyuyj.png Figure 1. The pharmacophore model generated a cocrystallized pose of a potent main protease inhibitor (EC50 =4-5 µM, PDB code:6Y2F). Hydrogen bond acceptors are shown as red vectored spheres, and hydrogen bond donors are shown as blue vectored spheres. Aromatic planes are shown as orange circles (a). The distances between the pharmacophore features were calculated. Distances are shown as cyan dashed lines (b). Cocrystallized ligand and the pharmacophore features in the catalytic active site. Hydrogen bonds are shown as yellow dashed lines (c). https://scispace.com/papers/phase-2a-trial-of-0-1-and-3-month-and-0-7-and-28-day-46f6mmzxxb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ex-vivo-interferon-elispot-responses-and-protection-1o93ff3l.png Figure 8 Ex vivo interferon- ELISPOT responses and protection status. Ex vivo interferon- ELISPOT responses to RTS,S and CSP peptides P2, P4 and P5 by cohort and by protection status. Panels depict responses to RTS,S (a), P2 (b), P4 (c) and P5 (d) by vaccine cohort and by protection status. Bars represent group means. Error bars are standard error of the mean. NP = not protected. D = significant delay in onset of parasitemia. P = protected. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-lymphoproliferative-responses-and-protection-status-39zlqlw8.png Figure 7 Lymphoproliferative responses and protection status. Panels depict lymphoproliferative responses to RTS,S (a) and to CSP peptides P2 (b) and P5 (c) by vaccine cohort and by protection status. Bars represent group means. Error bars are standard error of the mean. NP = not protected. D = significant delay in onset of parasitemia. P = protected. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sporozoite-ifa-titers-by-cohort-on-day-of-challenge-1pee36eu.png Figure 4 Sporozoite IFA titers by cohort on day of challenge. Bar graphs depict numbers of individual with a positive IFA against air-dried homologous 3D7 strain P. falciparum sporozoites. Titer is the greatest dilution yielding a positive IFA result. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-kaplan-meier-plot-of-time-to-malaria-by-cohort-2unjt7ay.png Figure 5 Kaplan—Meier plot of time to malaria by cohort. Challenge performed on day 0. Survival probability = Parasitemia free probability. Parasitemia end point determined by expert light microscopy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cmi-responses-on-day-of-challenge-by-cohort-3dz1ymg1.png Table 3 CMI responses on day of challenge by cohort https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-antibody-to-csp-on-day-of-challenge-by-protection-3usprk1d.png Figure 6 Antibody to CSP on day of challenge by protection status. Protection status is in comparison to concurrent infectivity controls: NP = ‘‘No Protection,’’ i.e. no delay in time to infection; DL = ‘‘delay,’’ i.e. prepatent period > 14 days; PR = ‘‘Protected,’’ sterile immunity, i.e. did not develop parasitemia. Bars depict geometric mean anti-R32 antibody concentration. Error bars are standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-trial-flow-1d2fl2sq.png Figure 1 Trial flow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-cultured-interferon-elispot-responses-to-peptides-4tcahkvf.png Figure 9 Cultured interferon- ELISPOT responses to peptides and protection status. Panel depicts the mean of each individual’s highest responses to a panel of 15-mer peptides representing the CSP C-terminal region. Bars represent group means. Error bars are standard error of the mean. NP = not protected. D = significant delay in onset of parasitemia. P = protected. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-and-amplitude-based-clustering-for-functional-data-2hzglcxrve 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-multivariate-summary-data-for-the-illustrative-neemd6lv.png Table 1: Multivariate summary data for the illustrative example consisting of estimated parameters characterizing phase (shift, λ1, λ2) and amplitude variation (bn,1, bn,2). The numbers in italics for λn,1 and λn,2 characterize the five (blue) dashed curves in Figure 1, while the numbers in italics for bn,2 correspond to the (red) dotted curves. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-growth-velocity-curves-for-39-boys-clusters-based-25b4jptu.png Figure 10: Growth velocity curves for 39 boys, clusters based on kernel 1 only (red dashed lines) and kernel 1 (blue line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-growth-velocity-curves-for-39-boys-a-clusters-39iadjtu.png Figure 11: Growth velocity curves for 39 boys. (a) Clusters based on kernel 2 only (red, dashed) and the estimated kernel function (blue). (b) Clusters based on the warplet only (red, dashed), together with the warping bounds and warping center (blue, dashed). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-growth-velocity-curves-for-39-boys-a-clusters-3pytt1y9.png Figure 12: Growth velocity curves for 39 boys. (a) Clusters based SACK model (red, dashed). (b) Clusters based k-centers FC (red, dashed). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-shifted-and-warped-curve-observation-n-1-black-dots-2wqw4wdc.png Figure 4: Shifted and warped curve observation n = 1 (black dots), together with the kernels ψ1 and ψ2 (red dotted lines), mean curve µ̂ (blue dashed line) and the predictions µ̂ + b̂1,1ψ1 + b̂1,2ψ2 (black solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scatterplots-of-each-of-the-variables-in-the-3qkl68ri.png Figure 5: Scatterplots of each of the variables in the summary matrix for the illustrative example. (a) The different symbols indicate the two clusters selected by the PAM algorithm, when applied to each of the variables separately. (b) The different symbols indicate the true three underlying clusters (as in data plots), with (red) triangles representing the (red) dotted curves (clusters in amplitude) and (blue) crosses the (blue) dashed curves (clusters in phase). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustrative-data-set-with-three-clusters-the-five-v5d62cac.png Figure 1: Illustrative data set with three clusters. The five (blue) dashed lines represent curves for which the distance between the peaks is larger than for the other curves. The six (red) dotted lines represent curves that possess a higher second peak. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-boxplots-of-the-classification-error-rate-with-r0gt6ejp.png Figure 7: Boxplots of the classification error rate with respect to the three true clusters for resp. MRC based on all variables in the summary matrix (MRC All), k-centers FC and SACK. https://scispace.com/papers/pharmacological-inhibition-of-o-glcnacase-enhances-autophagy-2wr1kfdxxa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-oga-inhibition-by-thiamet-g-tmg-stimulates-3h5yrqh7.png Figure 4. OGA inhibition by Thiamet-G (TMG) stimulates autophagy in AD mouse (JNPL3-Tau4R0NP301L) brain. Fluorescent immunohistochemical analysis of the cortex region using sagittal sections from control and TMG-treated (500 mg/kg/d in drinking water for 36 weeks) JNPL3 mice as measured using anti-LC3 and anti-pathological tau (AT8) antibodies (A), or anti-SQSTM1 and anti-O-GlcNAc (CTD110.6) antibodies (B). Immunofluorescence signals were quantified using Nikon NIS-element software. Error bars represent ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 by unpaired Student’s t test (n = 7). (C) Immunoblot analysis of levels of O-GlcNAc, LC3BI, LC3BII, and SQSTM1 in cortex lysate samples from control and TMG-treated JNPL3 mice. Immunoblot signals were quantified using Odyssey software (Li-Cor). Values of immunoblot signals were normalized to those of corresponding beta-actin signals. Error bars represent ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 by unpaired Student’s t test (n = 7). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-thiamet-g-tmg-enhances-autophagy-through-an-mtor-3b7tts4d.png Figure 5. Thiamet-G (TMG) enhances autophagy through an mTOR-independent pathway. (A) TMG treatment did not alter the activity of mTOR in the brains of JNPL3 mice treated with TMG for 36 weeks. Immunoblot analysis of levels of total and phosphorylated epitopes of mTOR and p70S6K in cortex lysate samples from control and TMG-treated JNPL3 mice. Immunoblot signals were quantified using Odyssey software (Li-Cor). The ratio between the corresponding phosphorylated epitope and total protein was determined. Error bars represent ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 by unpaired Student’s t test (n = 7). Comparison not showing significant differences are unlabeled. (B) Immunoblot analysis of levels of total and phosphorylated epitopes of mTOR and 4EBP1 in rat primary cortical neurons. Con: vehicle control; Rapa: rapamycin, 0.2 μM for 72 h; TMG: Thiamet-G, 100 μM for 72 h. The ratio between the corresponding phosphorylated epitope and total protein was determined, and then normalized to control (arbitrarily set as 1). Error bars represent ± SD. p-Values were derived from a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). n = 3; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. (C) Immunoblot analysis of levels of total and phosphorylated epitopes of p70S6K and 4EBP1 in N2a cells. Rapa: rapamycin, 2.5 μM for 4 h; TMG-S: TMG, 100 μM for 2 days; TMG-L: TMG, 100 μM for 15 days. The ratio between the corresponding phosphorylated epitope and total protein was determined, and then normalized to control (arbitrarily set as 1). Error bars represent ± SD. p-Values were derived from a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). n = 3; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-inhibition-of-oga-by-thiamet-g-tmg-enhances-2m0xelt9.png Figure 1. Inhibition of OGA by Thiamet-G (TMG) enhances autophagic flux in neuroblastoma Neuro-2a (N2a) cells. (A) Immunoblot analysis of levels of LC3BII in whole cell lysates from control and TMG-treated N2a cells. Con: vehicle control; Rapa: rapamycin, 2.5 μM for 4 h; TMG-S: TMG, 100 μM for 2 days; TMG-L: TMG, 100 μM for 15 days; Baf: bafilomycin A1, 100 nM for 4 h. (B) Densitometry of immunoblot signals in (A) was quantified using Odyssey software (Li-Cor). Values were normalized to corresponding beta-actin immunoblot signals, then normalized to control (arbitrarily set as 1). Error bars represent ± SD. p-Values were derived from a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparing immunoblot signals from each treatment to control, respectively. n = 3; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Treatments without significant differences were not labeled. (C) High-content cellular analysis of autophagic flux in live N2a cells using CYTO-ID Autophagy Detection Kit 2.0 (Enzo) which selectively labels autophagosomes. Con: vehicle control; Rapa: rapamycin, 2.5 μM for 4 h; TMG-S: TMG, 100 μM for 2 days; TMGL: TMG, 100 μM for 15 days; CQ: Chloroquine, 25 μM for 4 h. Fluorescent signals from CYTOID staining of cells was quantified with automated methods using MetaXpress software (Molecular Devices). Error bars represent ± SD. p-Values were derived from a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparing fluorescent intensity of CYTOID staining from each treatment to control, respectively. n = 3; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. (D) Representative images of high-content cellular analysis in (C). (E) Evaluation of autophagic flux in live N2a cells stably expressing tandem fluorescent protein pHluorin-mKate2-LC3 measured by high-content imaging (ImageXpress Micro XLS, Molecular Devices). Con: vehicle control; Rapa: rapamycin, 2.5 μM for 4 h; TMG: Thiamet-G, 100 μM for 15 days; TMG+Rapa: TMG, 100 μM for 15 days and Rapa, 2.5 μM for 4 h. Red and yellow puncta number per cell was automatically quantified using MetaXpress software. Error bars represent ± SD. p-Values were derived from a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparing the ratio of red/yellow puncta number per cell from each treatment to control, respectively. n = 3; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. (F) Representative images of high-content imaging analysis in (E). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-oga-inhibition-by-thiamet-g-tmg-promotes-autophagic-2kaej0qh.png Figure 2. OGA inhibition by Thiamet-G (TMG) promotes autophagic flux in cultured rat primary neurons. (A) Immunoblot analysis of levels of LC3BII in whole cell lysates from control and TMG-treated primary cortical neurons. Con: vehicle control; Rapa: rapamycin, 0.2 μM for 72 h; TMG: Thiamet-G, 100 μM for 72 h; Baf: bafilomycin A1, 100 nM for 4 h. Densitometry of immunoblot signals was quantified using Odyssey software (Li-Cor). Values were normalized to corresponding beta-actin immunoblot signals, then normalized to control (arbitrarily set as 1). Error bars represent ± SD. p-Values were derived from a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparing immunoblot signals from each treatment to control, respectively. n = 3 independent cultures; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Treatments without significant differences were not labeled. (B) Evaluation of autophagic flux in live primary hippocampal neurons transiently expressing tandem fluorescent protein pHluorin-mKate2-LC3 using fluorescence microscopy. Con: vehicle control; TMG: Thiamet-G, 100 μM for 72 h. Red and yellow puncta number per cell were quantified using at least 20 cells per culture and per condition. Error bars represent ± SD. *p < 0.05 by unpaired Student’s t test (n = 3). Arrows denote mKate2 (red) positive structures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-increasing-o-glcnac-by-using-the-selective-oga-2m6icd47.png Figure 3. Increasing O-GlcNAc by using the selective OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG) enhances autophagic flux within brains of RFP-EGFP-LC3 mice. (A) Fluorescence analysis of the cortex region of sagittal sections from control and TMG-treated (500 mg/kg/d in drinking water for 2 weeks) mice constitutively expressing the tandem fluorescent autophagy maker protein RFP-EGFP-LC3. Numbers of red (autolysosome) and yellow (autophagosome) puncta were quantified using Nikon NIS-element software. Error bars represent ± SD. *p < 0.05 by unpaired Student’s t test (n = 7). Comparisons that were not significantly different are unlabeled. (B) Immunoblot analysis of levels of O-GlcNAc, SQSTM1, and endogenous LC3I and LC3II in cortex lysate samples from control and TMG-treated RFP-EGFP-LC3 mice. Immunoblot signals were quantified using Odyssey software (Li-Cor). Values of immunoblot signals were normalized to those of corresponding beta-actin signals. Error bars represent ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 by unpaired Student’s t test (n = 7). https://scispace.com/papers/phase-and-amplitude-pre-emphasis-techniques-for-low-power-3vr6kzrguw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-chip-microphotograph-of-two-breakout-sites-top-site-1p1rkskp.png Fig. 11. Chip microphotograph of two breakout sites. Top site does not offer phase pre-emphasis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-data-eyes-at-6-gb-s-and-10-gb-s-demonstrating-x48ewpr5.png Fig. 12. Data eyes at 6 Gb/s and 10 Gb/s demonstrating amplitude and phase pre-emphasis. The first row shows the amplitude pre-emphasis at 6 Gb/s as a function of pre-emphasis current. The second row illustrates the phase pre-emphasis as a function of the compensation code. Finally, the last row shows the operation of the transmitter at 10 Gb/s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-total-and-data-dependent-jitter-versus-phase-pre-1573p2hp.png Fig. 13. Total and data-dependent jitter versus phase pre-emphasis codes for the first previous transition. The variation in DDJ can be used to calculate the time delay variation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bandwidth-of-16-inches-fr-4-backplane-channel-with-hm-du5mjtrz.png Fig. 1. Bandwidth of 16 inches FR-4 backplane channel with Hm-Zd connectors and 96 inches of RG-58 cable compared to analytical skin and dielectric loss. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-block-diagram-for-one-tap-feed-forward-amplitude-pre-ynyo2g8h.png Fig. 2. Block diagram for one-tap feed-forward amplitude pre-emphasis driver. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-measured-rms-jitter-across-backplane-versus-phase-3jzjfub6.png TABLE I MEASURED RMS JITTER ACROSS BACKPLANE VERSUS PHASE PRE-EMPHASIS CODES IN PICOSECONDS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-performance-on-96-inches-of-rg-58-cable-the-22m2xwq2.png Fig. 14. Performance on 96 inches of RG-58 cable. The uncompensated eye is shown in (a) while phase pre-emphasis is introduced in (b) and (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-performance-on-16-inches-of-fr-4-backplane-with-2wmziixx.png Fig. 15. Performance on 16 inches of FR-4 backplane with connectors. The uncompensated eye is closed in (a). In (b), amplitude pre-emphasis opens the eye and phase pre-emphasis improves the timing margins in (c). https://scispace.com/papers/phase-behavior-and-critical-properties-of-size-asymmetric-3mby6ewadb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-b-1riju4pw.png Fig. 1(b) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reduced-critical-temperatures-and-densities-of-size-1w92lcsf.png Table 1 Reduced critical temperatures and densities of size-asymmetric, primitive-model electrolytes calculated by full-MSA (fMSA), simplified-MSA (sMSA) and the generalized Jiang theory based on simplified-MSA (gJiang). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-3klb8ugh.png Fig. 1(b) https://scispace.com/papers/phase-behavior-of-a-hard-sphere-maier-saupe-nematogenic-3yedw2hc0g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-density-histograms-upper-figure-and-byo5xfyr.png FIG. 4. Color online Density histograms upper figure and chemical potential distribution lower figure in NpT simulations of the Maier-Saupe fluid in the vicinity of the isotropic-nematic transition. The first-order equilibrium densities correspond to the two maxima minima of the density chemical potential histograms for the pressure at which the gas and liquid phase extrema reach equal values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-phase-diagram-of-the-maier-saupe-fluid-3vix4w48.png FIG. 5. Color online Phase diagram of the Maier-Saupe fluid determined from an anisotropic integral equation and computer simulation. The error bars at most simulation points have the same size as the symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-density-dependence-of-the-two-particle-10cpeekw.png FIG. 3. Color online Density dependence of the two-particle component of the longitudinal susceptibility determined via the RHNC-TZLMBW equations at T*=3.5 and various external fields W0 *, as labeled. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-integral-equation-and-simulation-results-1so0lkol.png FIG. 2. Color online Integral equation and simulation results for the pressure of the hard sphere Maier-Saupe fluid with and without external fields. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-integral-equation-and-simulation-results-143dqr3e.png FIG. 1. Color online Integral equation and simulation results for the excess internal energy of the hard sphere Maier-Saupe fluid with and without external fields. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-behavior-and-flory-huggins-interaction-parameter-of-38nwa0tn52 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-polymer-chain-characteristics-1gzq82ts.png Table 1. Polymer Chain Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-coefficients-a-in-the-1-v-dependence-for-the-paxi440b.png Figure 8. Coefficients A in the 1/V dependence for the enthalpic and entropic FH parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-enthalpic-and-entropic-fh-parameters-versus-molar-3urlrj3k.png Figure 6. Enthalpic and entropic FH parameters versus molar volume. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-enthalpic-and-entropic-terms-of-fh-parameters-for-2q4n4cb9.png Figure 7. Enthalpic and entropic terms of FH parameters for blends of dPB(1,4) and dPB(1,2) mixed with PB copolymers of different vinyl content. The FH parameters represent the extrapolated numbers for infinite molar volume according to eq 7. The dashed lines are guides for the eye while the solid ones represent a fit of theory. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-enthalpic-and-entropic-fh-parameters-in-the-limit-of-25brlrl5.png Table 4. Enthalpic and Entropic FH Parameters in the Limit of V f ∞ and the Corresponding Coefficients Aa https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parameters-from-fit-of-copolymer-theory-from-freed-1qh94ut6.png Table 5. Parameters from Fit of Copolymer Theory from Freed and Dudowicz https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-critical-temperature-as-a-function-of-inverse-molar-1zm82zrc.png Figure 9. Critical temperature as a function of inverse molar volume. Open and solid circles show critical temperatures determined by us (see Figures 2 and 3) and from Bates et al.,15 respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-factor-s-q-in-a-zimm-representation-c7o94lso.png Figure 1. Structure factor S(Q) in a Zimm representation. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-determination-of-x-ray-reflection-coefficients-4h4kprlhm5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-right-panel-unknown-profile-open-circles-first-guess-15fbs0t0.png FIG. 1. Right panel: Unknown profile~open circles!, first guess~lowest solid line! and the results after one iteration~second solid line from the bottom!, three iterations~third solid line from the bottom!, and more than 100 iterations~topmost curve! of the inversion algorithm describe in the text. Left panel: Calculated reflectivitie R(qz) corresponding to the density profiles in th right panel ~open circles correspond to the un known profile, solids lines to the respective ite ated profiles in the right panel!. All curves are shifted vertically for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-phasesf-qz-of-the-reflection-coefficients-2sf0liff.png FIG. 4. PhasesF(qz) of the reflection coefficients corresponding to the density profiles shown in the right panel of Fig. 3. The to curve~solid line! is the Hilbert phase calculated for the unknown density profile. The second curve from the top~filled circles! is the exact phase for the unknown profile. Each of the other three curves corresponds to the reflection coefficient of the profile with the sam in the right panel of Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-where-the-inversion-algo-rithm-does-not-yield-38ltw9us.png FIG. 3. Example where the inversion algo rithm does not yield a unique solution. Righ panel: The solid lines represent the unknown p file. The symbols are the results after more th 100 iterations of the algorithm described in th text using the start profiles depicted in the ins @the same symbols mark the start and final p files,%(z)start and%(z)final]. Only the start profile in the middle~open triangles! yields the desired solution. The other start profiles converge similar but wrong results. Left panel: Calculate reflectivities for the unknown profile~solid lines! and the results of the inversions~ ymbols! with the three start profiles shown in the inset of t right panel. All reflectivities agree. The densit profiles and the reflectivities are vertically shifte for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-inversion-of-a-more-complicated-laye-structure-see-dcvljnwr.png FIG. 2. Inversion of a more complicated laye structure~see open circles in the right panel!. It shall be noted that the layers are not uniform. A other explanations are the same as for Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-development-in-carbothermal-reduction-and-nitridation-4ojy4cx2ze 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-leco-analysis-and-phase-composition-of-ilmenite-36hevjcy.png Table 3: LECO analysis and phase composition of ilmenite concentrates and synthetic rutile subjected to temperature programmed reduction in nitrogen. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-temperature-programmed-reduction-of-ilmenite-pcjdzmmo.png Fig. 6: Temperature programmed reduction of ilmenite concentrates and synthetic rutile in N2. The temperature was ramped from 673 to 1873 K at 2 K/min. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-leco-analysis-and-phase-composition-of-primary-2ycm4fz4.png Table 4: LECO analysis and phase composition of primary ilmenite in the progress of reduction in the H2-N2 gas mixture at 1373 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-xrd-patterns-of-primary-ilmenite-in-the-progress-of-2sy3otmb.png Fig. 8: XRD patterns of primary ilmenite in the progress of reduction in nitrogen at 1573 K. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-leco-analysis-and-phase-composition-of-primary-3rcai915.png Table 5: LECO analysis and phase composition of primary ilmenite in the progress of reduction in nitrogen at 1573 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-xrd-patterns-of-primary-ilmenite-in-the-progress-of-27hmwqor.png Fig. 7: XRD patterns of primary ilmenite in the progress of reduction in the H2-N2 gas mixture at 1373 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-temperature-programmed-reduction-of-primary-ilmenite-1dghmw5a.png Fig. 1: Temperature programmed reduction of primary ilmenite in the H2-N2 gas mixture. Temperature was ramped from 623 to 1873 K at 2 K/min. Samples in the highlighted points were examined by LECO and XRD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-leco-analysis-and-phase-composition-of-primary-2a8vfg1f.png Table 1: LECO analysis and phase composition of primary ilmenite after temperature programmed reduction to different temperatures in the H2-N2 gas mixture. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-discontinuities-underlie-increased-drowsiness-and-42evryf8u5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-10-s-epochs-in-sleep-stages-for-each-sleep-35pkoknl.png Table 1. Number of 10 s epochs in sleep stages for each sleep file, ordered by age https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-degree-of-phase-discontinuity-varies-by-sleep-3l4pdril.png Figure 1. The degree of phase discontinuity varies by sleep stage. Continuous wavelet transform time-frequency difference plots of representative 10 s EEG traces during (a) Awake and (b) NREM2 sleep stages. (c) Normalized histogram of all the Awake time-frequency difference plots. (d) Phase jump indicator by sleep stage for all study subjects combined. (e) Normalized histogram of all the NREM2 time-frequency difference plots. (f) EEG trace (blue), expertly scored sleep stages (black), and phase jump indicator (green) for subject 16 (female aged 79). **** p < 1e-158, *** p < 1e-42 upper row of asterisks reflects significance between Awake and other stages, lower row of asterisks reflects significance between adjacent sleep stages. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phase-discontinuity-measures-enable-discrimination-wfswxdau.png Figure 2. Phase discontinuity measures enable discrimination between short and long REM sleep periods. (a) Rows show the 133 REM stages from all subjects, sorted by length. Pixels within each row show the intensity of the phase jump indicator for each 10 s epoch in each REM period. (b) The phase jump indicator density for REM stages ≤10 min was broader and shifted upward (orange) compared to the density for REM stages > 10 min (light blue), (c) Cumulative distribution for the data shown in (b). (d) Vectors of 5 consecutive phase jump indicators enabled discrimination between short (< 10 min) and long (> 10 min) REM stages. Combining phase jump indicators and spectral power measures enabled increased discrimination but required a much longer feature vector (feature vector length = 36). ** p < 1e-4. pji = phase jump indicator https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-power-and-phase-discontinuity-vs-power-correlation-16mk4unl.png Figure 3. Power and phase discontinuity vs. power correlation varies by sleep stage. (a) Spectral band power for all subjects combined, and (b) Scatterplots of the phase jump indicator vs. total power for all subjects. Red lines indicate least squares fit for each scatterplot. Note that although the spectral power profiles for Drowsy and REM stages are similar, the correlation between power and phase jump indicator for the Drowsy stage was positive (r = +0.05), while the REM stage correlation was negative (r = -0.31). **** p < 1e-158, *** p < 1e-42, **p < 1e-4, * p < 0.05. Error bars reflect SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-age-related-changes-in-waking-and-sleep-a-time-170fiw8r.png Figure 4. Age-related changes in waking and sleep. (a) Time spent in Awake and Drowsy stages generally increased with age, while time spent in REM stage decreased with age. (b) Average broadband power (2-50 Hz) decreased in older subjects. **** p < 1e-158, *** p < 1e-42, ** p < 1e-4, * p < 0.05 https://scispace.com/papers/phase-diagrams-of-colloidal-spheres-with-a-constant-zeta-3ept7nnlee 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-bare-colloidal-charge-z-continuous-black-curves-40tj4ims.png FIG. 1. The bare colloidal charge Z (continuous black curves) and the renormalized charge Z∗ (dashed black curves), both in units of a/λB (see text), as a function of the colloidal packing fraction η for several screening parameters κa, for constant surface potentials (a) φ0 = 1 and (b) φ0 = 5. The red curves denote Z and Z∗ as obtained from the association–dissociation model, with the chargeability z chosen such that the surface potential in the dilute limit η → 0 equals φ0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-maximum-and-minimum-effective-screening-lengths-where-34yv48md.png FIG. 5. Maximum and minimum effective screening lengths where bcc and fcc can be found as a function of the surface potential, assuming a constant surface potential for a/λB = 100. The bcc regime is in between the two black lines, and the fcc regime below the blue line. The red points indicate the results from the AD model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-phase-diagrams-in-the-packing-fraction-screening-2kqvocwg.png FIG. 6. Phase diagrams in the packing fraction–screening length representation (η, (κ̄a)−1), for constant-potential colloids with (a) φ0 = 5 for a/λB = 10 and (b) φ0 = 1 and for a/λB = 1000. Lines and symbols as in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-phase-diagrams-in-the-packing-fraction-effective-1g7ehxfn.png FIG. 4. Phase diagrams in the packing fraction-effective screening length representation (η, (κ̄a)−1), for a/λB = 100, for constant-potential colloids with (a) φ0 = 2 and (b) φ0 = 5, as well as for charge-regulated colloids. Lines, symbols, and colors as in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-phase-diagrams-in-the-packing-fraction-screening-2iclj12d.png FIG. 3. Phase diagrams in the packing fraction-screening length (η, κ−1) representation for constant-potential colloids (radius a/λB = 100) interacting with the hard-core Yukawa potential of Eq. (12), for surface potentials φ0 = 1, 2, 3, and 5. The black lines represent phase boundaries for the constant-potential model, and the red dashed lines for the association–dissociation model with the surface potential equal to φ0 in the dilute limit. The dashed black lines indicate extrapolation of Eq. (15) beyond its strict regime of accuracy. The inset in the phase diagram for φ0 = 5 represents η on a logarithmic scale for clarity. The labels “Fluid,” “BCC,” and “FCC” denote the stable fluid, bcc, and fcc regions. We note that the very narrow fluid–fcc, fluid–bcc, and fcc–bcc coexistence regions are just represented by single curves. The dotted blue curves represent the estimated crossover-packing fraction η∗ of Eq. (7), beyond which Z (η) < Z (0)/2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-effective-inverse-screening-length-k-as-a-function-p8mlkeji.png FIG. 2. The effective inverse screening length κ̄ as a function of the packing fraction η for several reservoir screening parameters κa, for constant surface potentials (a) φ0 = 1 and (b) φ0 = 5 as represented by the black curves. The red curves denote κ̄ as obtained from the association–dissociation model, with the chargeability z chosen such that the surface potential in the dilute limit η → 0 equals φ0. Note that κ̄ = κ in all cases for η → 0. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-diagram-of-the-anisotropic-spin-2-xxz-model-infinite-5bvvt6m2e6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-a-schematic-plot-illustrating-the-idea-1q7g49w7.png FIG. 11. (Color online) A schematic plot illustrating the idea of finite-entanglement scaling. The black solid line shows the exact correlation length ξphys of the Hamiltonian, which diverges at the critical point. The dotted lines show the correlation lengths ξ of the optimized iMPS at a finite χ2 > χ1. The horizontal dashed lines are the correlation lengths ξχ1(χ2) from Eq. (39), which are induced by the finite-entanglement cut-off at the critical point. The color shaded background indicates the two different regimes: Blue is the regime in which the iMPS is converged to the exact ground state using bond dimensions χ1, χ2 and red is the scaling regime which shrinks with increasing χ (see main text for further details). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-color-online-bkt-phase-transition-the-data-are-156oql2r.png FIG. 13. (Color online) BKT phase transition. The data are obtained from finite entanglement scaling averaged over the χ values given in the insets [for (b) the same χ values as in (a) were used]. (a)-(c) Critical quantities as a function of D2 away from the Heisenberg point, see Fig. 3. (a) and (c) show the central charge, while (b) and (d) the stiffness. (d) Stiffness along the line D2 = 0.85 ·∆ − 0.055 at D4 = 0, see Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-phases-present-in-a-spin-s-xxzchain-26672cfg.png FIG. 1. (Color online) The phases present in a spin-S XXZchain, for S = 1 2 , 1, 2. The Haldane phases appear only for integer spins and their width decreases rapidly with increasing S. At the same time, the phase transitions into the Haldane phases approach ∆ = 1, where the direct XY-AFM phase transition occurs for all half-integer S. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-location-of-the-bkt-phase-transition-as-a-function-1kozq867.png TABLE I. Location of the BKT phase transition as a function of D2 away from the Heisenberg point, calculated with three different methods. Our results are obtained from two observable scaling (2OS) and iDMRG, LS+ED results from ref. 34 and one observable scaling (1OS) and DMRG results from Refs. 31 and 32 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-color-online-afm-eh-phase-transitions-a-c-example-of-2ztxr33x.png FIG. 12. (Color online) AFM↔ EH phase transitions. (a)-(c) Example of a 2nd order phase transition. Data as a function of D2 away from the Heisenberg point, see Fig. 3. (a) The magnetic order parameter |〈Szn〉| of the AFM phase. (b) The entanglement entropy SE . (c) The ξ0 correlation length. (d) Example of a 1st order phase transition. Data along the line D2 = 3.95 − D4 at ∆ = 4.5, see Fig. 14(a). The magnetic order parameter |〈Szn〉| (black symbols) and the ground state energy EGS + 4 (red symbols) are plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-color-online-spin-3-xxz-chain-a-the-magnetic-order-2mf5wmnd.png FIG. 15. (Color online) Spin-3 XXZ-chain. (a) The magnetic order parameter vanishes |〈Szn〉| → 0 at different ∆∗ as a function of the χ used in the simulation. (b) The correlation length ξ0 for various χ across the XY ↔ OH and the OH ↔ AFM phase transitions. (c) The central charge, fitted to data at three different χ, across the XY ↔ OH phase transition. (d) String order at the Heisenberg point (∆ = 1.0) for various χ and scaled to the thermodynamic limit (red dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-location-of-the-phase-transitions-in-and-out-of-the-1we2qzck.png TABLE II. Location of the phase transitions in and out of the Haldane phase in S = 1, 2, 3 XXZ-chains. For S = 1, 2 this data has been obtained before, for example in Ref. 40. They are given here within a wide interval for a comparison to the spin-3 results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-color-online-a-phase-diagram-at-4-5-b-string-order-so-himquwz6.png FIG. 14. (Color online) (a) Phase diagram at ∆ = 4.5. (b) String order SO and central charge c across the EH-OH phase transition along the line D2 = 3.95 − D4 shown in (a). (c) Projected inversion symmetry along the line D2 = 2.155−D4 at ∆ = 2.6. (d) Projected inversion symmetry OI along the line D2 = 0.85 ·∆− 0.055 at D4 = 0, see Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-equilibria-and-phase-transformations-in-the-ti-rich-st689r6wnb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dta-records-obtained-on-heating-pure-ag-at-various-2ktzfcgk.png Fig. 3. DTA records obtained on heating pure Ag at various scanning rates. The tabulated melting temperature Tm of Ag is indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-liquidus-projection-of-the-fe-ni-ti-system-according-u32ey78g.png Fig. 1. Liquidus projection of the Fe–Ni–Ti system according to Cacciamani et al. [5]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-tentative-vertical-section-of-the-fe-ni-ti-phase-3su3f1eu.png Fig. 9. Tentative vertical section of the Fe–Ni–Ti phase diagram at xTi = 0.66. The points are the data plotted in Fig. 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-backscattered-electron-image-of-the-microstructure-of-sbmyhcyu.png Fig. 4. Backscattered electron image of the microstructure of alloy C after homogenization at 900 °C. The brighter phase, lower in Ti, shows typical dendritic outline and is associated with B2-(Fe,Ni)Ti while the darker one is (Fe,Ni)Ti2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fe-ni-ti-isothermal-section-at-900-degc-after-van-loo-3blic7kc.png Fig. 2. Fe–Ni–Ti isothermal section at 900 °C after Van Loo et al. [4]. Solid circles represent phase compositions according to the accepted assessments of the binary systems. Empty circles are experimental data read from the provided figure [4]: they are linked with tie-lines drawn with dots. Three-phase triangles shown with in errupted lines as well as single-phase fields were guessed by Van Loo et al.[4]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-composition-of-the-alloys-solid-circles-and-of-the-2rcob09c.png Fig. 5. Composition of the alloys (solid circles) and of the individual phases after homogenization (solid squares) and in the as-cast st te (open symbols). Binary data corresponding to the phases' composition at 900 °C have been plotted with solid diamonds. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-equilibrium-data-and-modeling-of-ethylic-biodiesel-37vf1v6lwv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-vapor-liquid-equilibrium-diagrams-of-a-ethanol-1-ethyl-2obxfmn5.png Fig. 2. Vapor-liquid equilibrium diagrams of (a) ethanol (1) + ethyl hexanoate (2) at 53.33 kPa and (b) 1-pentanol (1) + ethyl hexanoate (2) at 14.65 kPa: Comparison with Matsuda et al. [19] and modeling performances. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-source-and-purity-of-compounds-used-in-this-study-1xm7xi3o.png Table 1 Source and purity of compounds used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-vapor-liquid-equilibrium-diagrams-of-a-1-pentanol-1-14usgf7q.png Fig. 4. Vapor-liquid equilibrium diagrams of (a) 1-pentanol (1) + ethyl hexanoate (2) at 40.00 kPa and (b) 1-pentanol (1) + ethyl octanoate (2) at 15.00 kPa: Comparison UNIFAC-Do and CPA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-vapor-liquid-equilibrium-diagrams-of-ethanol-1-ethyl-l9n14jrb.png Fig. 3. Vapor-liquid equilibrium diagrams of ethanol (1) + ethyl hexanoate (2) at 40.00 kPa: Comparison with Matsuda et al. [19] and between predictive models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-vapor-pressure-analysis-for-ethyl-hexanoate-a-and-18jpn6bl.png Fig. 1. Vapor pressure analysis for ethyl hexanoate (a) and ethyl https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-isobaric-vle-data-for-ethanol-1-ethyl-hexanoate-2-3idjuxdf.png Table 2 Isobaric VLE data for ethanol (1) + ethyl hexanoate (2) system.a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-liquid-solid-bar-and-vapor-horizontal-line-bar-mole-3cdqnlmk.png Fig. 5. Liquid (solid bar) and vapor (horizontal line bar) mole fraction deviations in the 1-octanol + 1-dodecanol + BAEE system: Comparison between UNIFAC-Do and CPA. (1) 1-octanol, (2) 1-dodecanol, (3) ethyl palmitate, (4) ethyl stearate, (5) ethyl oleate and (6) ethyl linoleate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-average-temperature-and-vapor-composition-deviations-3kwafs90.png Table 6 Average temperature and vapor composition deviations* using NRTL, UNIFAC-Ly, UNIFAC- https://scispace.com/papers/phase-equilibrium-measurements-of-methane-benzene-and-1550jwt6ug 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-methane-1-benzene-2-bubble-point-line-at-about-t-2j4aaolk.png Figure 1. Methane (1) + Benzene (2) bubble point line at about T = 278 K https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-measured-liquid-liquid-equilibrium-phase-1fkncb4o.png Table 5. Measured Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Phase Compositions for Methane (1) + Methylbenzene (3). The methane-rich liquid is denoted by the superscript L1 and the methylbenzene rich liquid is denoted by the superscript L3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-deviations-of-the-measured-mole-fractions-from-1uwnerbd.png Figure 5. Deviations of the measured mole fractions from those calculated with the PR EOS implemented in Multiflash’s PR (advanced) model set [6] (indicated by subscript calc) for methane (1) + methylbenzene (3): (a) deviations of in the liquid mole fraction x1 as a function of x1 and (b) deviations in the vapor mole fraction y1 as a function of y1; ●, This work (Black: T = (188 and 198) K, Blue: T = 228 K, Green: T = (253 and https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-measured-vapor-liquid-equilibrium-phase-compositions-27lpyats.png Table 4. Measured Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Phase Compositions for Methane (1) + Methylbenzene (3) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-deviations-of-the-measured-mole-fractions-from-upliwplw.png Figure 3. Deviations of the measured mole fractions from those calculated with the PR EOS implemented in Multiflash’s PR (advanced) model set [6] (indicated by subscript calc) for methane (1) + benzene (2): (a) deviations of the liquid methane mole fraction x1 as a function of x1 and (b) deviations in the vapor methane mole fraction y1 as a function of y1; ●, This work (Black: T = 278 K, Blue: T = 303 K, Green: T = 323 K, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-methane-1-methylbenzene-2-bubble-point-line-at-2py0mycu.png Figure 4. Methane (1) + Methylbenzene (2) bubble point line at about T = 188 K https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-methane-1-methylbenzene-2-bubble-point-line-at-3m75xfwm.png Figure 3. Deviations of the measured mole fractions from those calculated with the PR EOS implemented in Multiflash’s PR (advanced) model set [6] (indicated by subscript calc) for methane (1) + benzene (2): (a) deviations of the liquid methane mole fraction x1 as a function of x1 and (b) deviations in the vapor methane mole fraction y1 as a function of y1; ●, This work (Black: T = 278 K, Blue: T = 303 K, Green: T = 323 K, https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measured-phase-compositions-for-methane-1-benzene-2-33fmmtpy.png Table 3. Measured Phase Compositions for Methane (1) + Benzene (2).a https://scispace.com/papers/phase-field-based-incompressible-two-component-liquid-flow-29fxz46qim 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rayleigh-taylor-instability-simulation-at-time-t-0-2qzpf1ks.png Fig. 3: Rayleigh-Taylor instability simulation at time t = 0.79031 with θ = 1,D = 0.00004, σ̂ = 0.01. Left: Mesh converged results for ∆ t = 0.0035,(h = 2−5,ε = 0.02),(h = 2−6,ε = 0.01),(h = 2−7,ε = 0.005). Right: Time converged results for ∆ t ∈ {0.004,0.002,0.001},h = 2−5,ε = 0.02. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-y-coordinate-of-the-tip-of-the-rising-and-falling-j89di5rg.png Fig. 2: The y-coordinate of the tip of the rising and falling fluid versus time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-evolution-of-a-single-wavelength-initial-condition-2ikvaucs.png Fig. 1: The evolution of a single wavelength initial condition in the Rayleigh-Taylor instability simulation. Snapshots refer to times t ∈ {0,0.17,0.33,0.5,0.67,0.83,1,1.17,1.33,1.5} from top left to bottom right. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-field-crystal-models-and-mechanical-equilibrium-445xfu205j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-initial-order-parameter-field-a-solid-350kgpb3.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Initial order parameter field: a solid block immersed in an undercooled liquid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-initial-deformation-field-of-the-137qij4z.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Initial deformation field of the compressed 1D system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-the-steep-line-with-the-red-dark-gray-2lttsruo.png FIG. 7. (Color online) The steep line with the red (dark gray) crosses shows the squared radius data for the cold parametrization with the elastic equilibration while the circles show the same result for the standard conjugate gradient dynamics, i.e., without equilibration. The inset shows the data for the equilibrated dynamics with error bars. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-deformation-field-of-the-initial-setting-1drzbbfr.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Deformation field of the initial setting seen in Fig. 2 after elastic equilibration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-the-norm-of-the-gradient-of-the-3pvb8wfw.png FIG. 5. (Color online) The norm of the gradient of the deformation field ‖∇ u‖. (a)–(c) show the time evolutions for the warm parametrization of Wu and Voorhees [37] at times 10 000, 400 000, and 680 000, respectively. Brighter coloring stands for a greater value of the norm. The dots on the perimeter show the dislocations at the grain boundary. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-standard-conjugate-gradient-method-at-2d2d0rdo.png FIG. 3. (Color online) The standard conjugate gradient method at times 10, 20, and 30 as shown by the solid, dashed, and dotted curves, respectively. The block solidifies entirely while the deformation field is left practically unchanged. The blue (light gray) straight dotted line shows the deformation field after 3000 time units. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-angle-of-the-shrinking-grain-for-the-warm-1jowpk4b.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Angle of the shrinking grain for the warm parametrization. Inset shows the corresponding squared radius. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-field-investigation-of-microstructure-evolution-under-1sr80ew30v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-on-the-left-side-we-show-a-sketch-describing-the-1c38c93h.png Figure 6. On the left side we show a sketch describing the angle formed between the horizontal line and the tip of the dendrite main stem growing along the horizontal direction. On the right side we show how this angle depends on the inflow velocity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-schematic-illustration-of-eutectic-lamellae-growth-2g6mxo2i.png Figure 8. Schematic illustration of eutectic lamellae growth with fluid flow. λ is the lamellar spacing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-schematic-phase-diagram-and-simulation-set-up-34g067ne.png Figure 19. Schematic phase-diagram and simulation set-up. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-growth-of-peritectic-intermetallic-phase-from-the-b3ss26c7.png Figure 20. Growth of peritectic intermetallic phase from the dendritic Al3Ni inside the mushy-zone. Time evolves from left to right. We use G=100 K/mm and . Dark grey represents the dendritic phase Al3Ni2 and mid grey the Al3Ni phase. The solutal Rayleigh number was taken as Ra = 1.34× 10−2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-schematic-eutectic-phase-diagram-of-an-a-b-alloy-1htfned8.png Figure 7. Schematic eutectic phase diagram of an A-B alloy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-minimum-interfacial-undercooling-and-minimum-3tn2e3qy.png Table 1. Minimum interfacial undercooling and minimum lamellar spacing computed with the phase-field model. As a matter of simplification we represent λmin = (λ/lD)min, ∆Tmin = ∆T/(m∆C), Ra1 = 1.34× 10 −2 and Ra2 = 3.85× 10 −2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-computational-configuration-for-the-dendritic-3de4n7pj.png Figure 2. Computational configuration for the dendritic growth simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-average-undercooling-versus-lamellar-spacing-for-1rwlluyg.png Figure 11. Average undercooling versus lamellar spacing for lD/d̄ = 45000. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-inverted-sidelobe-annihilated-optical-coherence-2u2v4hc9kb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-observation-of-the-tomographic-imaging-improvement-3mhrpvr0.png Fig. 2 Observation of the tomographic imaging improvement. Four top figures are captured by SS-OCT (with balanced detection), and the four bottom figures are captured by PISA-OCT. (a) & (b), The roll-off measurement of the SS-OCT (~1.5 dB/mm) versus the PISA-OCT (~1.5 dB/mm). (c)-(f), The cross-section feature of the orange juice vesicles. (g) & (h), The cross-section feature of the onion cell wall. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-principle-of-the-pisa-oct-a-b-interference-and-fourier-18d45rlt.png Fig. 1. Principle of the PISA-OCT. (a) & (b), Interference and Fourier transformation process within a SS-OCT, and the Gaussian pulse is generated to reveal the depth information. (c) & (d), The π-stepped phase modulation in the reference arm results the phase inversion after the interference, and the twin-peak shape is therefore generated. The intensity profile of the swept-source is Gaussian shape. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-ii-study-of-the-farnesyltransferase-inhibitor-r115777-2xzy8vdbvf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-toxicities-associated-with-administration-of-r115777-1tqhdcrm.png Table 1 Toxicities associated with administration of R115777 https://scispace.com/papers/phase-ii-trial-of-levocetirizine-with-capecitabine-and-1ro4nihlh3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-il-8-levels-by-best-response-in-both-arms-combined-38qk4ix1.png Figure 4 IL-8 levels by best response in both arms combined. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-il-8-levels-across-arm-b-sd-stable-disease-pd-2hrbhfw3.png Figure 3 IL-8 levels across Arm B. SD, stable disease; PD, progressive disease. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-il-8-levels-across-arm-a-sd-stable-disease-pd-96ihnlxt.png Figure 2 IL-8 levels across Arm A. SD, stable disease; PD, progressive disease. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-progression-free-survival-summary-of-deaths-and-32bwgrjp.png Figure 1 Progression free survival: summary of deaths and progression events. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-adverse-events-related-to-the-treatment-including-x228x9w2.png Table 3 Adverse events related to the treatment including grade 3 and grade 4 adverse events https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-baseline-characteristics-n-47-33s8l5k3.png Table 1 Patient baseline characteristics (N=47) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-efficacy-n-47-1zftt3e9.png Table 2 Efficacy (N=47) https://scispace.com/papers/phase-jitter-in-mpsk-carrier-tracking-loops-analytical-mfi2ch62xw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-calculated-variance-of-phase-error-3jjy6lhj.png Fig. 2. Calculated variance of phase error. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-linear-baseband-model-2n6epi19.png Fig. 1. The linear baseband model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-mpsk-high-snr-carrier-tracking-hardware-test-2tgswt93.png Fig. 4. The MPSK high-SNR carrier tracking hardware test configuration. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-locked-lasing-in-1d-and-2d-patterned-metal-organic-3tevn7psap 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dispersion-tomography-of-lasing-in-a-an-unpatterned-2kmjm5yl.png Figure 3 Dispersion tomography of lasing in (a) an unpatterned cavity, (b) a stripe-grating cavity at p = 7µm, (c) a dot-grating at p = 7µm, and (d) a hole-grating at p = 8µm (compare with sketches as inset). The characteristics of the grating employed are manifested in the coherent k-space emission of the corresponding microcavity as well. In turn, coherence in real space is spread according to the Fourier-transformation of the laser modes observed here i.e. uniformly (a), mainly in x-direction (b), or in x- and y- directions ((c),(d)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-sample-schematic-of-the-microcavity-with-95ahb337.png Figure 1 (a) Sample schematic of the microcavity with patterned metal layers. On top of the bottom DBR, a thin layer of silver is patterned to obtain either 1D stripe- (type (1)) or 2D dot- (type (2)) and hole- gratings. The lower part shows the photonic potential in the patterned microcavity, where potential wells are created at the position of the silver structures. (b) Dispersion of a stripe-grating microcavity red in kx - direction. Introducing a 1D grating of type (1) (compare (a)), with a period of 5 µm leads to the formation of trapped discrete Tamm-plasmon-polariton (TPP) states (> 645nm) and a Bloch-like band structure (< 645nm). Bright (dark) red lines show the calculated band structure of the device in TE (TM) polarization. (c) Dispersion tomography of a dot-grating microcavity (type (2)) with a period of 4 µm, showcasing fully confined TPP states below and extended Bloch states above the potential barrier (at ≈ 645 nm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-dispersion-of-a-lasing-2p-state-in-a-stripe-llxausr3.png Figure 2 (a) Dispersion of a lasing 2π-state in a stripe-grating microcavity (type (1)) at p = 6.0 µm. Due to the modified photonic potential, lasing starts as a supermode spanning several periods. (b) Lasing states at varying periods. By decreasing the period from 9 µm to 5 µm, the k-space separation of lasing antinodes increases while their individual width decreases - pointing towards a larger spread of coherence in real space. Please note that the color scale in (b) is linear while it is logarithmic in (a). (c)-(e) Real-space distribution of coherent emission. By Fourier-transformation of the far-field image, the coherent spatial extension of lasing states can be obtained. In each case, the lasing supermode is spread over several stripe periods, confirming the long-range coherence of the emission. For smaller periods (compare p = 5 µm (c), 7 µm (d), 9 µm (e)) the mode extension increases both in number of periods as well as in absolute distance. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-measurement-for-accurate-mapping-of-chemical-bonds-in-42gytev1ku 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-model-parameters-and-measures-of-fit-obtained-in-7eju01bb.png TABLE II. Model parameters and measures of fit obtained in refinements A, B, C, and D against combined x-ray and CBED data for AlN. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-model-deformation-electron-density-maps-for-aln-after-2jyxv0lp.png FIG. 1. Model deformation electron density maps for AlN after refi are at intervals of 0:1 e A 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-cbed-measurements-of-structure-factor-magnitudes-and-2xrmoyu6.png TABLE I. CBED measurements of structure factor magnitudes and phases for AlN compared with corresponding DFT results. All data refer to T 160 C (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-deformation-electron-density-map-for-aln-from-dft-3h7rkiz6.png FIG. 2. Deformation electron density map for AlN from DFT theory (mapping plane and contours identical with Fig. 1). https://scispace.com/papers/phase-separation-aided-compartmentalization-of-protein-3z8nlfr2iw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-establishment-of-a-robust-phase-separation-system-in-31y9h8xe.png Fig. 1 | Establishment of a robust phase separation system in cells. a, Schematic diagram showing a co-transfection experiment with two plasmids. One plasmid encodes protein A fused to a GFP-tagged phase separation-prone scaffold protein and the other encodes protein B fused to mCherry. In cells co-transfected with both plasmids, protein A is enriched within green fluorescent puncta, which are phase-separated compartments formed by the phase separation-prone scaffold protein. If protein A and protein B directly interact, protein B will be recruited into the phase-separated compartments by binding to protein A. Hence, the red https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-compartmentalization-of-direct-protein-protein-31ei60lf.png Fig. 2 | Compartmentalization of direct protein-protein interactions in cells. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-compartmentalization-of-indirect-protein-protein-2narehce.png Fig. 3 | Compartmentalization of indirect protein-protein interactions in cells. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-relationship-between-3c-and-6h-silicon-carbide-at-high-4oxj31qk37 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-powder-x-ray-diffraction-profiles-for-6h-sic-retrieved-1n79du72.png Fig. 3. Powder X-ray diffraction profiles for 6H-SiC retrieved after high-temperature treatment at 4.5 GPa. Diffraction intensities are normalized to the 6H (102), 3C (111) peak. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-raman-spectrums-for-starting-6h-sic-and-samples-1urhq5lt.png Fig. 4. Raman spectrums for starting 6H-SiC and samples retrieved after high-pressure treatment at 2500°C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-summary-of-high-pressure-and-high-temperature-2ah6m86e.png Fig. 5. Summary of high-pressure and high-temperature experiments. Black circle (square) indicates phase transition between 3C- and 6H-SiC; open circle (square) indicates no characteristic change; shadow lined circle indicates broadening in X-ray diffraction profile. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-powder-x-ray-diffraction-profiles-for-3c-sic-retrieved-1kdb6xdv.png Fig. 1. Powder X-ray diffraction profiles for 3C-SiC retrieved after high-pressure treatment at 2200°C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-powder-x-ray-diffraction-profiles-for-6h-sic-retrieved-3fin5rok.png Fig. 2. Powder X-ray diffraction profiles for 6H-SiC retrieved after high-pressure treatment at 2500°C. Diffraction intensities are normalized to the 6H (102), 3C (111) peak. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-separation-in-liquid-crystalline-mesophases-of-co-h2o-4wxjnqm8r5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hkl-planes-andd-spacing-a-values-obtained-from-the-2cmalk2h.png Table 1. (hkl) Planes andd Spacing (Å) Values Obtained from the XRD Patterns of the Aged (17 days) Samples of 2[Co(H2O)6](NO3)2:P65 and 1[Co(H2O)6](ClO4)2:P65 and a Fresh Sample of a Mixed Salt System (1[Co(H2O)6](NO3)2 + 1[Co(H2O)6](ClO4)2:P65) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-micro-raman-spectra-of-the-mixed-salt-system-1-0-co-3u1sv7p5.png Figure 8. Micro Raman spectra of the mixed salt system (1.0- [Co(H2O)6](ClO4)2 + 1.0[Co(H2O)6](NO3)2):P65: (a, c) 17 days aged sample of the ion-free and ion-rich regions, respectively, (b) fresh sample before phase separation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-om-images-of-the-fresh-and-aged-samples-of-co-h2o-6-3nwxti3c.png Figure 1. OM images of the fresh and aged samples of [Co(H2O)6](NO3)2:P65 (left to right, fresh, 2 days aged, and 2 weeks aged, 400 × 500 µm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-xrd-patterns-of-17-days-aged-co-h2o-6-clo4-2-p65-1-31ydaea4.png Figure 4. XRD patterns of 17 days aged [Co(H2O)6](ClO4)2:P65 (1 salt/P65 mole ratio) at different orientations of the sample with respect to the source-detector axis (+20, rotation of the sample to the right by 20° with respect to the normal; 0, no rotation (normal); -20, rotation by 20° to the left with respect to the normal). The inset is a plot of thed spacing obtained from the above three diffraction lines versus 1/(h2 + k2 + l2)1/2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-xrd-patterns-of-17-days-aged-co-h2o-6-no3-2-p65-2-1m7kx2dq.png Figure 3. XRD patterns of 17 days aged [Co(H2O)6](NO3)2:P65 (2 salt/P65 mole ratio) at two different orientations. The pattern labeled +20 is recorded by rotating the sample by 20° to the right from the normal, and that labeled-20 is recorded by rotating the sample by 20° to the left from the normal. The inset is a plot of thed spacing versus thehkl relationship for a hexagonal structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cm-images-of-a-2-days-aged-co-h2o-6-no3-2-p65-1cu9eehb.png Figure 2. CM images of a 2 days aged [Co(H2O)6](NO3)2:P65 sample (left, 180×200µm) and 2 days aged perchlorate-rich mixture of [Co(H2O)6]X2:P65 (X is nitrate or perchlorate) (right, 180× 200 µm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-xrd-patterns-of-a-fresh-1-co-h2o-6-clo4-2-1-co-h2o-3lwc50av.png Figure 5. XRD patterns of a fresh (1[Co(H2O)6](ClO4)2 + 1[Co(H2O)6](NO3)2):P65 (total 2 salt/P65 mole ratio) mesophase at two different orientations. The inset is a plot of thed spacing versus the hkl relation for a cubic structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-xrd-patterns-of-the-same-mixture-in-figure-5-at-two-3t38ti0k.png Figure 6. XRD patterns of the same mixture in Figure 5 at two different orientations after 1 day of aging. The inset shows a plot of the d spacing versus thehkl relation for cubic and hexagonal structures. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-shifts-of-synchronized-oscillators-and-the-systolic-1iikudtph0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-slopedu-dv-in-the-kuramoto-model-left-du-dv-as-a-2amr67d3.png FIG. 3. The slopedu /dv in the Kuramoto model. Left:du /dv as a function ofk for two values ofv0 andg=0.1. Right:du /dv as a function ofg for two values ofv0 andk=0.45. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-slopedu-dv-in-the-winfree-model-left-du-dv-as-a-1foksz91.png FIG. 2. The slopedu /dv in the Winfree model. Left:du /dv as a function ofk for two values ofv0 andg=0.1. Right:du /dv as a function of g for two values ofv0 and k=0.45. The curves are independent ofv0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-two-intervals-of-natural-frequenciesa-andb-a-is-on-8hjmey0t.png FIG. 6. The two intervals of natural frequenciesA andB. A is on the left and is centered around the valuea=1; B, on the right, is centered aroundb=2. We assume that oscillators with frequencies in the band SAP(D ) produce collectively the signalxSstd (xDstd), see the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-left-the-oscillators-of-seta-with-frequencies-centered-3oasl4lg.png FIG. 7. Left: The oscillators of setA, with frequencies centered arounda=1, become synchronized with a frequency aroundvVLF =0.62 Hz; those of setB (frequencies aroundb=2) have a synchronization frequencyvHF=1.88 Hz. Right: The phase shiftdu between any pair of oscillators as a function of the differencedv between the natural frequencies of the oscillators in the pairs. The partially overlapping lines refer to the two sets of oscillatorsA and B, which shows a weak dependence of the slope on the natural frequencies. Numerical results refer toN=1000 oscillators, withk =0.65. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-the-rotation-number-plotted-versusv-for-g-0-10-1t8ngb5p.png FIG. 1. Left: the rotation number plotted versusv for g =0.10 andk=0.35,0.45,0.65(from top to bottom). Right:du vs dv for the same values ofg andk (larger slopes correspond to smaller values ofk). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-phase-shiftsdu-for-all-47-subjects-filtered-in-the-a5j3i76t.png FIG. 5. The phase shiftsdu for all 47 subjects filtered in the VLF (left) and HF(right) bands. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-separation-versus-supersolid-behavior-in-frustrated-qn0lirzcbp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-antiferromagnetic-bilayer-investigated-25mg1gvm.png FIG. 4. (Color online) (a) Antiferromagnetic bilayer investigated in this paper [Eq. (3)], with couplings: J⊥ (thick vertical lines), J‖ (thiner in-layer lines), and J× (dashed lines). A magnetic field h promotes singlets (vertical pairs of filled circles) to triplets (pairs of open circles); a CBS configuration at half filling is depicted. (b) N = 2 × 2 cluster for SCMFT: interactions (thick black lines) involving only in-cluster sites (dark-filled circles) are treated exactly while couplings to the environment (gray lines) in a MF way. Although only NN bonds are depicted, the effective model from CORE also includes longer-ranged terms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-b-correlated-hoppings-behind-the-1kj4vhdo.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a), (b) Correlated hoppings behind the “leapfrog mechanism” for supersolidity [holes hop in between red and light-blue sites only if the dark circles are occupied by holes—in (a), at least one of the sites must be occupied; if both are, the amplitude is 2s1], which allows extra holes to delocalize in a CBS background by leapfrogging on the other sublattice (c). Adapted from Ref. 18. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-j-0-38-a-extent-of-cbs-hcbs-and-ss-hss-8u1z0kf4.png FIG. 6. (Color online) J‖ = 0.38. (a) Extent of CBS ( hCBS) and SS ( hSS) phases [maximum minus minimum value of the field h leading to the corresponding phase for given parameters (J,J×)]. (b) Value of the structure factor [Eq. (5)] at the CBS plateau. In (a) and (b), symbols indicate results by Chen et al. (Ref. 20) and lines indicate the here-obtained results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-a-scmft-results-for-the-extent-of-the-ss-242ix426.png FIG. 7. (Color online) (a) SCMFT results for the extent of the SS phase hSS (see main text) for the frustrated DAF Eq. (3). The symmetry J‖ ↔ J× has been explored in obtaining the data. Regions where supersolidity [PS] is expected, where (ESS − EDW)/nht1 < 0 [(ESS − EDW)/nht1 > 0] are marked by the label SS [PS]. Dashed lines indicate threshold values for a CBS/SS to appear at the meanfield level. (b) (ESS − EDW)/nht1, as obtained from EDs on anN = 16 (nh = 4 doped holes) site cluster with the comb geometry depicted in Fig. 1(b), for the model Eq. (3). Contour levels for V1/t1 (obtained from the CORE expansion) are indicated by thin lines and the values V1/t1 = 2, 4, 6 and 8 are highlighted. In both panels, circles indicate couplings investigated by Chen et al.20 and the thick line couplings yielding the threshold value (ESS − EDW)/nht1 = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-a-dw-between-mismatching-domains-in-a-3vmd1j2e.png FIG. 1. (Color online) (a) A DW between mismatching domains in a CBS doped with holes is highlighted: open circles represent hard-core bosons (triplets) and holes/singlets in the upper (lower) domain are indicated by upward (downward) triangles; doped holes are shown as light-filled upward or downward triangles. (b) A simplified model for the DW, valid for V1/t1 1, is defined on a “comb” geometry: holes hop (with amplitude t1) through the links indicated by dashed lines and repel, with strength V1, one another along the vertical nearest-neighbor links indicated by solid lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-c-edw-nht1-obtained-from-eds-on-the-2zsj8adt.png FIG. 2. (Color online) c = −EDW/nht1 obtained from EDs on the geometry depicted in Fig. 1(b), for clusters comprising from N = 8 (nh = 2) to N = 24 (nh = 6) sites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-scmft-results-for-the-condensate-density-gmfqxo7d.png FIG. 5. (Color online) SCMFT results for the condensate density ρ0 [squares, Eq. (4)], CBS structure factor S(π,π ) [circles, Eq. (5)], and magnetization density [triangles, Eq. (6)] for the effective CORE Hamiltonian for Eq. (3) with couplings (J‖,J×) considered in Ref. 20: (a) (0.38,0.15) and (b) (0.38,0.21). Successive phases for increasing magnetic field h are labeled as spin-gapped (M0), condensate (BEC), supersolid (SS), checkerboard solid (CBS), and fully polarized (M1). https://scispace.com/papers/phase-space-structure-of-the-electron-diffusion-region-in-1pomcgjvwv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-electron-distribution-within-neutral-sheet-a-fhtxhsw0.png FIG. 3. Electron distribution within neutral sheet. (a) Isosurface of the distribution at x-line. The different colors correspond to the number of times the electrons are reflected in the layer. (b) Electron orbits from x-line with 0, 1, and 2 reflections. Color plot is in-plane electric field Ez, with contours of in-plane projection of magnetic field lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-four-different-views-of-isosurfaces-of-the-electron-1m9mgz8t.png FIG. 9. Four different views of isosurfaces of the electron distribution at the x-line for Bg ¼ 0:05B0. Colors show the number of times an electron is reflected before reaching the x-line, and only regions with electrons with 0, 1, and 2 reflections are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-and-b-isosurfaces-of-the-distribution-at-dz-1-4-60-2uyykkwe.png FIG. 4. (a) and (b) Isosurfaces of the distribution at Dz ¼ 60:33de above and below x-line at (x, z)¼ (206.25, 200). The red region lies in vz > 0, the blue in vz < 0. Note the relative displacement in vy of the red and blue surfaces as z increases, causing a gradient in Pyz. (c) and (d) Isosurfaces of the distribution at Dx ¼ 65de to the left and right of the x-line. Rotation of the distribution along the layer causes the gradient in Pxy. (e) and (f) vx-vy distribution of particles taken from PIC simulation at Dx ¼ 65de. (g) and (h) The distributions in (a), (b) after integrating over vx and vz, showing the vz < 0 and vz > 0 contributions separately (making the displacement in vy clearer). Vertical axis units are arbitrary. The red line represents vz > 0, while the blue is for vz < 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-isosurfaces-of-the-electron-distribution-at-the-x-rw2f71lc.png FIG. 8. (a) Isosurfaces of the electron distribution at the x-line for Bg ¼ 0:05B0. Colors show the number of times an electron is reflected before reaching the x-line. (b) Trajectory of an electron reaching the point marked (b) in velocity space from the left and exiting from the right. Likewise for (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-electron-distributions-averaged-over-vz-at-the-x-z539xxpw.png FIG. 5. (a) Electron distributions averaged over vz at the x-line from simulations in which the force of Ey on the electrons is modified. In the left plot, there is no elongation due to the absence of Ey. The center plot shows the distribution in the unmodified simulation, while there is increased electron acceleration in the final plot, where Ey has been effectively doubled. (b) Comparison of the reconstructed distribution using eUk=Te ¼ 5:4 (from simulation data) and 0 (assuming only magnetic trapping). The importance of the parallel potential in determining the length of the fingers is evident. Note that the data in (a) and (b) come from two different sets of simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-slice-from-an-open-boundary-pic-simulation-of-35ihz7hr.png FIG. 1. Time slice from an open-boundary PIC simulation of anti-parallel reconnection. (a) Acceleration potential eUk=Te. (b) Magnetic field strength B. (c) Pressure anisotropy log10ðpk=p?Þ. (d) Out of plane current density Jy (normalized to en0c). (e) Distribution function just upstream of the electron diffusion region at the point marked with circles. The color plot shows data from the PIC code, while the black contour lines are from the analytic form of f in Appendix. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-electron-distributions-at-the-xline-from-full-mass-28weyjvn.png FIG. 11. Electron distributions at the xline from full mass ratio simulations. From left to right, the Bg ¼ 0 (antiparallel), 0:05B0; 0:1B0; 0:14B0, and 0:2B0. The antiparallel distribution has the same structure as in the mass ratio 400 antiparallel simulation, while the Bg 6¼ 0 cases are similar to larger guide field simulations at mass ratio 400. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-demonstration-of-the-evolution-of-the-velocity-1tfk49b1.png FIG. 10. A demonstration of the evolution of the velocity space positions of electrons in the fingers. Electrons from the zero-reflection finger in (a) follow the trajectories in (c) until they reach the one-reflection finger at the x-line (b). The distribution in (a) is taken from the average x position of the z ¼ 200de crossings of the three trajectories. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-transformations-in-a-cu-14-2al-12-0ni-alloy-263qwq546h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-electron-micrographs-of-the-as-quenched-alloy-a-bf-b-baqt7890.png Fig. 1. Electron micrographs of the as-quenched alloy. (a) BF, (b) and (c) two SADPs. The zone axes of the D03 phase are (b) [1 1 0] and (c) [111], respectively (hkl ¼ D03 phase, hkl1or2 ¼ L–J phase, 1: variant 1; 2: variant 2). (d) and (e) ð002ÞD03 and ð111ÞD03 DF, respectively. (f) DF micrograph, which was taken with the reflection spot marked as 1 in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-d002thd03-and-b-d111thd03-df-electron-micrographs-of-1jfmp8cd.png Fig. 4. (a) ð002ÞD03 and (b) ð111ÞD03 DF electron micrographs of the alloy aged at 1000 C for 1 h. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-electron-micrographs-of-the-alloy-aged-at-500-c-for-3-hetd3888.png Fig. 5. Electron micrographs of the alloy aged at 500 C for 3 min. (a) BF, (b) and (c) two SADPs. The zone axes of B2 phase, c01 martensite and internal twin are (b) [0 0 1], ½101 and ½101 , (c) [0 1 1], ½111 and ½100 , respectively. (hkl ¼ B2 phase, hkl ¼ c01 martensite, hklT ¼ internal twin.) (d) and (e) ð121Þc0 1 and (1 0 0)B2 DF. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-d002thd03-df-electron-micrograph-of-the-alloy-aged-at-2kqefk0u.png Fig. 3. ð002ÞD03 DF electron micrograph of the alloy aged at 975 C for 20 min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-electron-micrographs-of-the-alloy-aged-at-700-c-for-1-sz8h58rg.png Fig. 2. Electron micrographs of the alloy aged at 700 C for 1 h. (a) BF, (b) and (c) (0 0 2)D03 and ð111ÞD03 DF, respectively. (d) ð0201ÞL–J DF. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-structure-of-excited-baryonic-matter-in-the-12kw73iev5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-equation-of-state-binding-energy-per-nucleon-vs-the-2v38xb0y.png FIG. 5. Equation of state: Binding energy per nucleon vs the baryon density ps /po for a 2 1.0 and ß=1.31,1.35 and vanishing temperature T = O MeV. The left curve (solid) is the nucleonic curve without any delta distribution, but is also valid for ß= 1.31 and a 2 I . 2. The second (dashed), third (dasheddotted), and fourth (dotted) curves are plotted for ß= 1.31 and a = 1.15,l . 1, and a= 1.0, respectively. For decreasing vector coupling strength a the binding energy decreases and a real minimum is only reached for a= 1.1. The fifth (solid) curve is the only one with ß= 1.35 ( U = 1.0) . https://scispace.com/papers/phase-transitions-in-nuclear-matter-2owr5u15mu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-ratio-of-critical-densities-p-at-t-0-and-t-t-0-as-xumn5cb8.png FIG. 8. The ratio of critical densities p„ at T = 0 and T t 0 as function of the temperature in units of the Fermi energy at p, ( T = 0) is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-connection-between-the-critical-density-p-and-the-ix5ayc10.png FIG. 9. The connection between the critical density p, and the temperature is shownf, 8 = 3 . The dashed area denotes the temperature and density region obtained from shoclc wave calculations (Ref. 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-shows-the-nuclear-equation-of-state-for-k-100-mevunder-3gu1kylq.png FIG. 5 . Shows the nuclear equation of state for K-= 100 MeVunder the influence of pion condensation with P = 3 and ß= 3.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-condensation-energy-in-uiiits-of-the-deiisi-ty-3n4hj782.png FIG. 3. The condensation energy in uiiits of the (deiisi ty dependent) Fermi energy is a unique function of M, independent of F. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-condensation-energy-per-particle-a-s-function-of-mf07iqtg.png FIG. 4. The condensation energy per particle a s function of the density i s shown for different F. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-same-as-fig-9-for-8-3-5-1-denotes-a-previous-7422cjyd.png FIG. 10 . Same as Fig. 9 for 8 = 3 . 5 . 1 denotes a previous calculation by Ruck et al. (Ref. 7). https://scispace.com/papers/phase-transitions-in-the-quantum-heisenberg-model-3qhj5hnf6t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-second-column-lists-our-rigorous-upper-bounds-on-1kw4bq05.png TABLE I. The second column lists our rigorous upper bounds on inverse transition temperatures in. three dimensions. The third column lists P (S)S(S+1) according to H,ef. 1. https://scispace.com/papers/phased-retrofits-in-existing-homes-in-florida-phase-ii-31lsnqikbo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-36-estimated-savings-from-single-glazed-windows-point-37716iba.png Figure 36: Estimated savings from single-glazed windows (Point 1) versus double-glazed low-e solar control windows, with a 81°F set point and 2X normal plug loads https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-site-23-pre-and-post-window-retrofit-daily-average-1wrcis7f.png Figure 24. Site 23 pre- and post-window retrofit daily average space heating consumption versus outdoor temperature https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cooling-energy-use-and-savings-estimates-from-the-obdx0vwk.png Table 4. Cooling Energy Use and Savings Estimates from the Supplemental Mini-Split Sites https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-heating-energy-use-and-savings-estimates-from-the-24bfj2aw.png Table 5. Heating Energy Use and Savings Estimates from the Supplemental Mini-Split Sites https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-series-data-showing-heating-ventilating-and-2enn6rch.png Figure 2. Time series data showing heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning energy use by airconditioner compressor (blue), air handler unit and strip heat (orange), and supplemental minisplit (green) for Site 60 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-prototypical-phased-deep-retrofit-residence-rmn7tty6.png Figure 19. Prototypical Phased Deep Retrofit residence rendered in BEopt with no adjacent home as at Site 54 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-53-average-time-of-day-pool-pump-demand-at-site-50-as-2ajqqzmt.png Figure 53. Average time-of-day pool pump demand at Site 50 as originally found (blue) and after variable speed pump retrofit (red) https://scispace.com/figures/table-32-measured-pool-pump-energy-for-site-50-bi1q3csa.png Table 32. Measured Pool Pump Energy for Site 50 https://scispace.com/papers/phenobarbital-indirectly-activates-the-constitutive-active-1u2tylo1ns 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phenobarbital-antagonizes-egf-induced-activation-of-22gb4tea.png Fig. 1. Phenobarbital antagonizes EGF-induced activation of EGFR. (A) Western blot analysis of mouse primary hepatocyte cell extracts treated with 10 nM okadaic acid (OA), 2.5 mM phenobarbital (PB), or both for 2 hours, detecting the phosphorylation of CAR at Thr38. Data shown are representative of three experiments. (B) Phenobarbital antagonizes EGF to repress phosphorylation of EGF. Western blot analysis detecting phosphorylated EGFR at Tyr845 or Tyr1173 in cell extracts from mouse primary hepatocytes treated with EGF (100 µg/ml) for the time indicated, alone (top) or 30 min before (middle) or after (bottom) phenobarbital (2.5 mM) treatment. Data shown are representative of three experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phosphorylated-car-interacts-with-rack1-a-3vvtp5fk.png Fig. 2. Phosphorylated CAR interacts with RACK1. (A) Immunoprecipitation of RACK1 (left) or PP2Ac (right) and Western blot analysis in Huh7 cells transfected with FLAG-tagged mutant CAR (nonphosphorylatable T38A or phosphorylation mimic T38D). (B and C) Western blot analysis assessing the in vitro dephosphorylation of wild-type (WT) glutathione S-transferase (GST)–tagged CAR (B) or a GST-tagged D140/152 CAR mutant (C) at Thr38 [phosphorylated by protein kinase C (PKC)] in the presence of purified PP2Ac and recombinant GST-RACK1 (0, 0.5, and 5 µM; 30°C for the indicated times). In (C), dephosphorylation of the WT CAR (right) at 30 min is shown for direct comparison. Data shown are representative of three experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-phenobarbital-competes-with-egf-to-bind-egfr-a-binding-18in90it.png Fig. 6. Phenobarbital competes with EGF to bind EGFR. (A) Binding between a GST-tagged extracellular domain of EGFR and biotin-conjugated EGF incubated with and without phenobarbital (PB, 100 µM) for 30 min was assessed by gel chromatography. Data are means ± SD from three independent experiments. **P < 0.01, Student’s t test. (B) GST-EGFR was immobilized onto beads and incubated with biotin-conjugated EGF in the presence of phenobarbital for 10 min. The amount of bound EGF in the absence of phenobarbital was assumed as 100%. Data are means ± SD from three independent experiments. **P < 0.01, Student’s t test. (C) ITC assessed the biomolecular interactions between phenobarbital and EGFR [N (number of sites), DH (cal/mol), DS (cal mol−1 deg−1), and K (binding constant in M−1), from which K (M−1) is then converted to Kd (µM)]. Data are representative of four independent experiments. (D) Eight sites most predicted by docking algorithms where phenobarbital might bind EGFR, either in active state (left) or inactive state (right). The binding location of EGF in each structure is shown using the ribbon representation (in red). The two forms are oriented such that domain I (residues 5 to 150) of EGFR is aligned. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-phenobarbital-represses-src-kinase-mediated-32zfvk3d.png Fig. 5. Phenobarbital represses Src kinase–mediated phosphorylation of RACK1 at Tyr52. (A) The phosphorylation of RACK1 at Tyr52 was assessed by a kinase assay using purified Src and either WT or mutant RACK1 (Y52F). Data shown are representative of three experiments. (B) Phenobarbital (PB, 2.5 mM) was intraperitoneally administered to mice, and Western blot analysis was performed at the indicated times on whole mouse liver extracts. Data shown are representative of three experiments. (C) Western blot analysis of the same whole liver extracts used in (B) assessed the phosphorylation of EGFR at Tyr845. Data shown are representative of three experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rack1-function-is-regulated-by-phosphorylation-at-2isxyph5.png Fig. 4. RACK1 function is regulated by phosphorylation at Tyr52. (A) Huh7 cells were treated with EGF (10 ng/ml) or PBS for 30 min, and whole-cell extracts were analyzed by Western blot to assess the phosphorylation of RACK1 at Tyr52. Data shown are representative of three experiments. (B) Immunoprecipitation of RACK1 andWestern blot analysis detecting RACK1 and CAR were performed in whole-cell extracts of Huh7 cells transfected with FLAG-tagged CAR T38D and treated with EGF (10 ng/ml) or PBS for 30 min. Data shown are representative of three experiments. (C) Immunoprecipitation of the FLAG tag and Western blot analysis assessing the abundance of YFPtagged CAR T38D and FLAG-tagged mutant RACK1 (Y52F or Y52E) in transfectedHuh7cells. (D) Theeffect ofWTormutantRACK1 (Y52E)on theability of the PP2A core catalytic enzyme to dephosphorylate CAR at Thr38 was assessed in vitro. Data shown are representative of three experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rack1-is-essential-in-phenobarbital-induced-r5z90pyx.png Fig. 3. RACK1 is essential in phenobarbital-induced dephosphorylation of CAR. (A) Abundance of Cyp2b10 mRNA in mouse primary hepatocytes transfected with either control (shCont) or RACK1-specific (shRACK1) shRNA and treated with either PBS or 2.5 mM phenobarbital (black bars). Data are presented as means ± SD of the fold change from PBS-treated control shRNA–transfected cells in X experiments. **P = 0.0057, Student’s t test. (B and C) Western blot analysis detecting the phosphorylation of CAR at Thr38 in response to phenobarbital (PB, 2.5 mM) in either (B) RACK1-depleted or (C) PP2Ac-depleted mouse primary hepatocytes compared with control cells. Data shown are representative of three experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/phenologically-structured-predator-prey-dynamics-with-3cj6iluixc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-table-of-key-symbols-and-their-definitions-3lxa7aq4.png Table 1 Table of key symbols and their definitions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-interaction-of-predator-and-prey-cohorts-in-rhb42ug5.png Fig. 3 Interaction of predator and prey cohorts in development space-time. The prey (solid) and predator (dashed) cohorts emerge in the intervals τ ≤ t ≤ σ and κ ≤ t ≤ λ, respectively. At a time t , prey have nonzero density in 0 ≤ ξ ≤ β(t) and predators have nonzero density in a(t)≤ η ≤ b(t). The time interval S is the set of all times that predator and prey coexist. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-region-e-in-joint-development-space-where-1trc0lvt.png Fig. 4 The region E in joint development space where development-structured predation occurs, depending upon the development of the predator and prey. The lower boundary of the region is denoted by η = η0(ξ). The function η0 may also be piecewise defined; for example, if the region E is 0 ≤ ξ ≤ 12 , where all predators consume prey of size ξ ≤ 12 , then η0(ξ)= 0 for ξ ≤ 12 and η0(ξ)= 1 for ξ > 12 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-intervals-j-x-and-i-e-in-the-representation-above-34vby0rg.png Fig. 7 The intervals J (ξ) and I (η). In the representation above, J (ξ) : η0(ξ) ≤ η ≤ 1 and I (η) : 0 ≤ ξ ≤ η−10 (η). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-development-rate-vs-body-temperature-for-a-typical-1b0pknzk.png Fig. 1 Development rate vs. body temperature for a typical terrestrial arthropod. The nonlinear rate function is often approximated by a linear response in a limited temperature range. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-prey-and-predator-densities-at-a-fixed-time-t-z0332qub.png Fig. 5 Prey and predator densities at a fixed time t , consistent with the diagrams in Figs. 3 and 4. The shaded region shows the integrated predator density (shaded) that consumes prey in development stage ξ . The intervals 0 ≤ ξ ≤ β(t) and a(t)≤ η ≤ b(t) are defined as in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-prey-and-predator-densities-at-a-fixed-time-t-showing-nk4stb2x.png Fig. 6 Prey and predator densities at a fixed time t , showing the prey population (shaded) that is consumed by a predator in development stage η. The quantities labeled on the plot are consistent with those in Figs. 3 and 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-body-temperature-vs-time-and-a-resulting-cohort-path-9pp69cpt.png Fig. 2 Body temperature vs. time and a resulting cohort path. No development occurs when the temperature is below a critical threshold θ0. https://scispace.com/papers/phenology-of-ixodes-ricinus-and-infection-with-borrelia-2lg1er2q0b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proportion-of-b-burgdorferi-sl-infected-i-ricinus-2fsoxi7j.png Table 1. Proportion of B. burgdorferi sl infected I. ricinus ticks at different altitudes on the north- and south-facing slopes of Chaumont Mountain from 2003 to 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-peak-tick-density-ptd-a-and-peak-tick-density-of-1rqpzlu7.png Table 2. Peak tick density (PTD)a and peak tick density of infected I. ricinus ticks (PTDI)b at different altitudes on the north- and south-facing slopes of Chaumont Mountain from 2003 to 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-boxplot-of-saturation-dethcit-values-at-different-2logu6w7.png Fig. 1. Boxplot of saturation deÞcit values at different altitudes on both slopes of Chaumont Mountain. (A) Northfacing slope (altitudes ranging from 780 to 1,010 m). Data from2004and2005. (B)South-facing slope(altitudes ranging from 620 to 1,070 m). Data from 2003 to 2005. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-seasonal-evolution-of-saturation-dethcit-sd-in-mmhg-1nhtyvgg.png Fig. 2. Seasonal evolution of saturation deÞcit (SD, in mmHg) along an altitudinal gradient on the south-facing slope of Chaumont Mountain. from 2003 to 2005. The broken lines indicate the threshold of 10 mmHg. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-seasonal-average-temperatures-degc-during-the-two-3716pypp.png Table 4. Seasonal average temperatures (°C) during the two study periods (1999–2001, Jouda et al. [2004b] and 2003–2005) and during the 3-yr period preceding the first study recorded at two meteorological stations located at 485 and 1,073 m on the south-facing slope of Chaumont Mountain https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cumulative-tick-density-ctd-of-i-ricinus-ticks-v5ufjnj6.png Table 5. Cumulative tick density (CTD) of I. ricinus ticks calculated for the 1999–2001 and 2003–2005 surveys on the south-facing slope of Chaumont Mountain https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-questing-i-ricinus-nymphs-bold-line-and-adults-thin-e3dtlnxz.png Fig. 3. Questing I. ricinus nymphs (bold line) and adults (thin line) at three different altitudes on the north-facing slope of Chaumont Mountain from 2004 to 2005. CTDN, number of nymphs per 100 m2 per year. CTDA, number of adults per 100 m2 per year. O10N, onset of nymphal activity. O10A, onset of adult activity. F10N, end of nymphal activity. F10A, end of adult activity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-questing-i-ricinus-nymphs-bold-line-and-adults-thin-1vo0ylvr.png Fig. 4. Questing I. ricinus nymphs (bold line) and adults (thin line) at four different altitudes on the south-facing slope of Chaumont Mountain from 2003 to 2005. CTDN, number of nymphs per 100 m2 per year. CTDA, number of adults per 100 m2 per year. O10N, onset of nymphal activity. O10A, onset of adult activity. F10N, end of nymphal activity. F10A, end of adult activity. https://scispace.com/papers/phenolic-contents-antioxidant-activities-and-potential-3z6nahkxra 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-major-phenolic-compound-analysis-by-hplc-pda-of-208li3gi.png Table 2 Major phenolic compound analysis by HPLC-PDA of samples obtained from PN production (mg/100 g DW)* https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-concentrations-and-per-cent-recoveries-of-tpc-1ffr3kpd.png Table 3 The concentrations and per cent recoveries of TPC, TAC and TAA by DPPH of samples after in vitro GI digestion* https://scispace.com/papers/phenomenological-implications-of-an-s-u-5-s-4-u-1-susy-gut-2izbhsbnxc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-low-energy-lepton-mass-insertion-parameters-3ida8fhu.png Figure 3: The low energy lepton mass insertion parameters (δeAB)ij, A,B = L,R, plotted against the down-type δs to which they are related via the SU(5) framework. The dashed lines represent their GUT scale relations, while the red shaded areas denote experimental limits on the parameter space according to the third column of Tables 3-6. Scanning over the input parameters within the ranges shown in Table 1, we observe that in particular |(δeLL)12| exceeds its limit for much of our parameter space. Note that |(δeLL)12| = |(δeLL)23| = |(δeLL)13| and |(δeRL)12| = |(δeLR)12| = |(δeRL)13|. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-absolute-value-of-the-gluino-and-double-cbsi0gfs.png Figure 10: The absolute value of the gluino and double penguin contributions to ∆MBs(d) versus the average squark mass as defined in Eq. (4.19). The colour coding corresponds to different values of x = (M1/2/m0) 2. The red dotted lines denote the experimental central values of Eqs. (4.25,4.26), while the blue dotted lines indicate the maximum allowed NP contributions according to Eq. (4.28). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-naive-numerical-expectations-for-the-low-energy-3e1kgi6l.png Table 2: The naive numerical expectations for the low energy up-type mass insertion parameters as extracted from our model (second column), to be compared with experimental bounds in the literature (third column). The full ranges of the δs are shown in Figure 1. Note that the (12), (21) and (31) δuLR parameters remain zero up to order λ 8. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-naive-expectation-for-the-ranges-of-ddab-23-a-b-lvg8rh23.png Table 4: The naive expectation for the ranges of (δdAB)23, A,B = L,R, as extracted from our model (second column), to be compared with experimental bounds from [37] (third column). The full ranges of each δ parameter, produced by scanning over the input parameters as shown in Table 1, are plotted in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-panel-the-contour-lines-for-r-the-approximate-pc1kumz6.png Figure 5: Left panel: the contour lines for R̄, the approximate ratio of the SU(2) over the U(1) contributions to the (δeLL)12 term in Eq. (4.8), as defined in Eq. (4.10). For the average slepton mass mẽ = √ mẽLLmẽRR , x̄ = (M1/mẽ) 2 ≈ 0.432x/(1 + 0.3x), with x = (M1/2/m0) 2. Right panel: the ratioR (without approximation), as defined in Eq. (4.9) and produced in our scan. The dependence of (M2/µ) 2 and x̄ on x is such that the SU(2) contributions dominate for most of the parameter space. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-naive-expectation-for-the-ranges-of-ddab-13-a-b-3krp13ua.png Table 5: The naive expectation for the ranges of (δdAB)13, A,B = L,R, as extracted from our model (second column), to be compared with experimental bounds from [36] for mq̃ ≈ 1 TeV and (mg̃/mq̃)2 ∈ [0.25, 4] (third column). The full ranges of the δs as produced in our scan are shown in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-upper-panels-the-absolute-value-of-susy-1zstqne0.png Figure 12: Upper panels: the absolute value of SUSY contributions to ∆MK (left) and K (right) plotted against the average squark mass defined in Eq. (4.19), with the different colours corresponding to different values of x = (M1/2/m0) 2. Lower panels: the most important mass insertion parameters, relevant for K mixing (left) with different colours representing the produced value of | SUSYK |; |∆MSUSYK | versus | SUSYK | (right), with the grey shaded points being excluded by BR(µ → eγ). The red dotted lines indicate the experimentally observed values, while the blue dotted lines show the limits on NP contributions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-range-of-the-12-lepton-mass-insertion-20at7w8b.png Figure 7: The range of the (12) lepton mass insertion parameters as produced in our scan, together with the resulting prediction for the branching ratio of µ→ eγ. The grey points do not satisfy the current experimental limit given in Eq. (4.3). https://scispace.com/papers/phenomenological-simulation-of-brooks-46n681p1of 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-from-left-to-right-the-brook-painted-by-the-user-the-3jkfhkjd.png Fig. 3. From left to right: the brook painted by the user. The discretization is done using the figured grid with a special care for the boundary (i.e., extra nodes); the nodes are the small squares. The potential resulting of the system solving (interpolated). The corresponding velocity field, at the nodes, and interpolated (supercritical areas are marked in grey). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-various-brooks-drawings-354q2hcd.png Fig. 8. Various brooks drawings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-shockwaves-and-ripples-features-we-are-interested-nj4pqbjb.png Fig. 1. The shockwaves and ripples features we are interested in (the bottom images are contrast enhancement of the top images). NB: the fluid in the right image (courtesy N.T. Clemens, University of Texas at Austin) is air: it shows front and back shockwaves, a wake, and thin ripples along the object, as for water. However it doesn’t show the ripples in front of shockwaves that exist on water, due to surface tension. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-from-left-to-right-grid-cells-covering-boundaries-have-2uf236m6.png Fig. 4. From left to right: grid cells covering boundaries have 3 to 5 nodes. Quasi-centered differential operator discretization scheme. Discretization scheme for the Neumann boundary condition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-left-the-various-geometric-constructions-calculated-in-18bguq5c.png Fig. 5. Left: the various geometric constructions calculated in real-time by our simulator. The brook is designed by the user using a classical painter. The velocity field is solved on the grid (the flow is coming from the left; the light grey vectors correspond to supercritical flow, the dark grey to subcritical https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-shockwaves-built-upstream-and-downstream-obstacles-qhqi6c4m.png Fig. 11. Shockwaves built upstream and downstream obstacles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-left-iso-curves-built-from-the-velocity-field-the-2swyw7r9.png Fig. 10. Left: iso curves built from the velocity field (the flow comes from the bottom of the image). Middle: ripples on obstacles sides (without any stop criterion). Right: close view of ripples upstream shockwaves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-source-and-vortex-perturbations-make-the-brook-quasi-2sc40fpb.png Fig. 9. Source and vortex perturbations make the brook quasi-stationary, showing evolving wave features (images are part of animations, which are available on our web site). https://scispace.com/papers/phenothiazines-solution-complexity-determination-of-pka-and-3fickuql3i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ionization-constants-pka-of-phenothiazine-1w22zu0c.png Table 2 - Ionization constants (pKa) of phenothiazine derivatives at 25 and 37 oC a https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-conditions-during-chromatographic-separation-a-1go2jl08.png Table 1 - Conditions during chromatographic separation a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-differential-scanning-calorimetry-dsc-thermograms-of-140kefjd.png Fig. 4 - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms of the phenothiazine derivatives, taken of the original solids (dotted curves), the solids isolated from pH 7 suspensions (dashed curves) and pH 10 suspensions (solid curves). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-intrinsic-solubility-of-phenothiazines-28yjvb9z.png Fig. 5 – Comparison of intrinsic solubility of phenothiazines to averaged values taken from the https://scispace.com/papers/phenotypic-determinism-and-contingency-in-the-evolution-of-m6vxit1wg0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-3-d-shape-of-the-results-each-map-is-one-33vthnz8.png Fig 1. The 3-D shape of the results. Each map is one experiment result. The six columns represent the mutation rates. The mutation rates were 5.0e-1, 5.0e-2, 5.0e-3, 5.0e-4, 5.0e-5, 5.0e-6, from the left. The three rows represents the individual number. The bottom row is the result which contains 225 individual and other rows are in the result containing 400 individuals. All results are after 2500 time steps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-phenotypic-change-through-40000-generations-a-2aisvlcu.png Fig 6. The phenotypic change through 40000 generations. (a) Horizontal axis represents the generations, and vertical axis represents the aspect ratio, which is calculated by Dv/Dh, where D is the distance from the root to the furthest branch, and small v and h denote the horizontal distance and vertical distance. (b) Horizontal axis represents the generations, and vertical axis represents the branch number. The results are sampled every 100 generations from 100 generations until 40000 generations. Mutation rates are indicated in each panel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-phenotypic-change-along-the-generations-when-the-1yzvyduz.png Fig 10. Phenotypic change along the generations when the mutation rate is 5.0e−2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-the-phenotypic-divergence-change-along-the-14znf1tv.png Fig 16. The phenotypic divergence change along the generations. The horizontal axis represents the mutation rate. The vertical axis represents the coefficient of variance of the aspect ratio and number of the branch in each individuals. The Variance of the result in aspect ratio and branch number. Orange point and line represents the aspect ratio and blue line represents the branch number. Each map represents the result in another mutation rate. The mutation rate is 5.0e−1, 5.0e−2,5.0e −3, 5.0e−4,5.0e−5,5.0e−6,5.0e−7, in order from the upper left. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-histogram-of-the-whole-result-each-map-is-one-3hch2pl3.png Fig 2. The histogram of the whole result. Each map is one experiment result, and the horizontal axis represents aspect ratio, which is calculated by Dv/Dh, where D is the distance from the root to the most furthest branch, and small v and h denote the horizontal distance and vertical distance. The vertical axis represents the number of the branches in the individual. The six columns represent the mutation rates. The mutation rates were 5.0e−1, 5.0e−2,5.0e−3, 5.0e−4,5.0e−5,5.0e−6, from the left. The three rows represents the individual number. The bottom column is the result which contains 225 individual and other rows are in the result containing 400 individuals. All results are after 2500 time steps. The color bar of the figures are limit at 10 individuals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-phylogenetic-relationships-among-lineages-generated-2ipzq592.png Fig 17. Phylogenetic relationships among lineages generated during 40000 generations. Horizontal axis represents generations. Horizontal lines indicate lineages that survived after 40000 generations. The vertical positions of the lineages do not reflect phenotypic differences among the lineages. The number on each panel indicates mutation rates. The phylogenies obtained when the mutation rates were 5× 10−5, 5 × 10−6 and 5 × 10-7are not shown, because only single lineage survived in these cases. Other parameters are same as the simulation in Fig 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-variance-of-the-parameters-the-parameter-meanings-3cqf2zt8.png Fig 5. The variance of the parameters. The parameter meanings are shown in Table 1. The horizontal axis represents the mutation rate. The vertical axis represents the variance of each parameter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-phenotypic-change-along-the-generations-when-the-2taasffc.png Fig 11. Phenotypic change along the generations when the mutation rate is 5.0e−3. https://scispace.com/papers/phenotypic-variability-among-patients-with-1qu7p1ua7z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-and-biochemical-features-at-presentation-of-3s5kj9r6.png Table 1 Clinical and biochemical features at presentation of patients with hyperornithinaemia–hyperammonaemia–homocitrullinuria syndrome with the delF188 mutation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-long-term-outcome-of-patients-with-nljnt0fz.png Table 2 Long-term outcome of patients with hyperornithinaemia–hyperammonaemia–homocitrullinuria syndrome with the F188del mutation https://scispace.com/papers/pheri-phage-host-exploration-tool-1rl3jil4nz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-principal-component-analysis-first-two-principal-193uqacg.png Figure 2: Principal component analysis. First two principal components, PC1 (11.57% of variability) on the x-axis, PC2 (9.19% of variability) on the y-axis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-informedness-of-pheri-host-prediction-each-point-12p08f12.png Figure 3: Informedness of PHERI host prediction. Each point represents phages infecting one bacterial genus. Value Informedness estimates the probability of an informed decision, the closer the values are to one, the more credible the prediction is. The trendline confirms the hypothesis that the informedness value increases with the growing number of specific phages. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-true-positive-true-negative-false-positive-1er4mb6y.png Table 1: Number of true positive, true negative, false positive and false negative predictions on the testing dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effectivity-of-plating-and-adsorption-rate-of-2os084z8.png Figure 5: Effectivity of plating and adsorption rate of DevCS701 phage on various hosts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-host-prediction-of-newly-isolated-and-sequenced-2a1ovjfd.png Table 2. Host prediction of newly isolated and sequenced phages. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-composition-of-hosts-infected-by-bacteriophages-i79f6400.png Figure 1: Composition of hosts infected by bacteriophages from the Pheri database. The database is made up of bacteriophages infecting at least one representative of 183 bacterial families. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-accuracy-of-host-prediction-across-50-bacterial-24fcqmzj.png Figure 4: Accuracy of host prediction across 50 bacterial genera https://scispace.com/papers/philanthropy-in-a-secular-society-85mc7p64gu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-variation-in-marginal-tax-rates-2001-2006-3r08yvlj.png Figure 2: Variation in marginal tax rates, 2001-2006 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a27-church-fee-in-interreligious-marriage-1lt0ntku.png Table A27: Church fee in interreligious marriage https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-church-tax-effects-on-charity-g7klaoz5.png Table 2: Church tax effects on charity https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-donations-at-different-margins-3ms0j6xr.png Table 3: Donations at different margins https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-250xmzbj.png Table 1: Summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-church-tax-effects-on-scientific-donations-247lrnjc.png Table 4: Church tax effects on scientific donations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-decline-of-religiosity-in-germany-3ol401fu.png Figure 1: Decline of religiosity in Germany https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-income-adjusted-donations-statistics-3roowr9o.png Figure 3: Income adjusted donations statistics https://scispace.com/papers/phgdh-supports-liver-ceramide-synthesis-and-sustains-lipid-4k17xkq691 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-see-legend-on-next-page-1oii5673.png Fig. 3 (See legend on next page.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-generation-of-an-inducible-model-for-systemic-phgdh-waxlrzlz.png Fig. 1 Generation of an inducible model for systemic PHGDH knockdown. a Schematic representation of the inducible shRNA system. b–e Western blot analysis of PHGDH, GFP, and HSP90 protein levels in the liver (b), pancreas (c), large intestine (d), and brain (e) of shPHGDH and shREN mice. ns, non-specific band. Mice were placed on a 200-ppm doxycycline diet for 4–8 months. f Serum serine concentrations of 8-monthold shREN (N = 16) and shPHGDH (N = 16) mice https://scispace.com/papers/phonetic-interpretation-papers-in-laboratory-phonology-vi-6arix4tk76 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-3-ne-usa-4-years-6-months-2ha73oez.png Table 5-3 NE (USA, 4 years, 6 months) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-8-db-scottish-4-years-1-month-2unwmhst.png Table 5-8 DB (Scottish, 4 years, 1 month) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-9-jc-scottish-6-years-2-months-2bmf5nvn.png Table 5-9 JC (Scottish, 6 years, 2 months) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-7-sc-scottish-7-years-2-months-1oi5kru6.png Table 5-7 SC (Scottish, 7 years, 2 months) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-6-s-english-6-years-3-months-ols9qquc.png Table 5-6 S (English, 6 years, 3 months) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-12-p-english-4-years-8-months-e-english-4-years-9-2yahbabo.png Table 5-12 P (English, 4 years, 8 months), E (English, 4 years, 9 months), BL (English, 6 years, 6 months) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-5-e-usa-3-years-29b0hgo7.png Table 5-5 E (USA, 3 years) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-triangular-representation-of-the-vowel-space-with-36miawho.png Figure 5-1 Triangular representation of the vowel space with indication of which consonantal places co-occur with different vowel regions in the “frames, then content” hypothesis. https://scispace.com/papers/phishing-threat-avoidance-behaviour-2wzjkdlnng 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-think-aloud-protocol-instructions-23kwmuv8.png Fig. 3. Think-aloud protocol instructions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-participants-demographics-in-the-main-study-1b1x09re.png Table 3 Participants demographics in the main study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-individual-participant-s-score-during-their-174i80yg.png Fig. 4. The individual participant's score during their engagement with the mobile game prototype. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-urls-displayed-in-the-game-27mhqk2l.png Table 1 List of URLs displayed in the game. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-game-design-framework-for-avoiding-phishing-attacks-293tc0nt.png Fig. 1. A game design framework for avoiding phishing attacks (Arachchilage & Love, 2013) H1. Avoidance motivation positively affects the avoidance behaviour. H2. Self-efficacy positively affects avoidance motivation. H3. Safeguard Cost negatively affects avoidance motivation. H4. Safeguard Effectiveness positively affects avoidance motivation. H5. Perceived Threat positively affects avoidance motivation. H6a. Perceived Severity positively affects avoidance motivation. H6b. Perceived Susceptibility positively affects avoidance motivation. H6c. The combination of Perceived Severity and Perceived Severity positively affects avoidance motivation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-overview-of-results-e-n-refers-to-the-number-of-qqenpf1s.png Table 5 Overview of results e N refers to the number of sessions in which a finding was made (out of 20 sessions in total). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-mobile-game-prototype-on-mit-app-inventor-emulator-2ys8wx2v.png Fig. 2. The mobile game prototype on MIT App Inventor Emulator. https://scispace.com/papers/phoenix-based-clone-detection-using-suffix-trees-3j3yhql4tf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-clone-detection-plug-in-for-phoenix-zcovgsww.png Figure 5. Clone detection plug-in for Phoenix https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-abstract-syntax-tree-nodes-lw9id536.png Figure 3. Abstract syntax tree nodes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-functions-2641mkre.png Figure 4. Example functions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-suffix-tree-of-abcdabe-2kjvrotv.png Figure 1. Suffix tree of abcdabe$. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-suffix-tree-of-abgf-abgf-1dl4iss3.png Figure 2. Suffix tree of abgf$abgf#. https://scispace.com/papers/phonetic-effects-of-focus-in-five-varieties-of-dutch-4qomb7j5ya 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-means-of-tonal-scaling-per-variety-j3iae8dt.png Table 1. Estimated means of tonal scaling per variety. https://scispace.com/papers/phonological-representations-and-early-literacy-in-chinese-1yeahwp3ju 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-speech-gating-performance-for-each-word-type-by-2yy864ug.png Figure 1. Speech-gating performance for each word type by group. Isolation Point (IP) is given above, Acceptance Point (AP) is given below. Error bars indicate SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-psychometric-task-results-for-kindergarten-k2-and-k3-1rqiu186.png Table 1 Psychometric task results for kindergarten (K2 and K3) and primary-school (P1 to P4) children. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-correct-rejections-on-the-lexical-pyi2yacs.png Figure 2 Number of correct rejections on the lexical judgment task for the variety of mispronunciations, across grade levels. Error bars indicate SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-partial-correlations-among-measures-of-phonological-1e7xmmmn.png Table 3. Partial correlations among measures of phonological representations, phonological processing, and reading after controlling for chronological age. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-multiple-mediation-model-on-the-relationship-1p0i1qjq.png Figure 3. Multiple mediation model on the relationship between quality of phonological representations (PR), phonological processing (PP), and reading. PR measures (SG, MS, and NWR errors) were each entered as the only independent variable in separate analysis. The top figure depicts the total effect of PR on reading (path c). The bottom figure illustrates both the direct effect of PR on reading (path c’) and the indirect effects (a1b1, a2b2, and a3b3) of PR on reading via the PP mediators. https://scispace.com/papers/phonons-and-symmetry-properties-of-4-4-picotube-crystals-4jqumhrdql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-raman-spectrum-of-a-picotube-molecule-along-its-x-3d8epwl3.png FIGURE 2. Raman spectrum of a picotube molecule along its x axis. Inset: Zoom of the high-energy region for the same picotube specrum and the spectrum of a nanotube bundle (diameter around 1 nm) . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-a-picotube-molecule-side-view-note-the-353aotyf.png FIGURE 1. Structure of a picotube molecule. Side view: note the asymmetry of the upper and lower wings of each anthracene-like unit. Four of these wings bend towards the main rotational axis, and four away from it, forming an alternating structure. Top view: The black (gray) C atoms are in the image foreground (background). The H atoms are white. The symmetry axes and planes are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-intensity-of-the-peak-at-1601-cm-1-as-a-function-25h8k9y4.png FIGURE 3. (a) Intensity of the peak at 1601 cm−1 as a function of the angle ψ between the polarization of the incident light and the x edge of the picotube crystal. The circles (squares) correspond to parallel (perpendicular) incident and scattered light. The lines are fits to a A1 symmetry scattered by two perpendicular, non interacting picotube molecules. (b) Selected ab initio calculated vibrations of the picotube molecule. https://scispace.com/papers/phonon-hydrodynamics-in-frequency-domain-thermoreflectance-4gbwe5xq1s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-of-single-layer-substrate-only-models-with-2vko0yvc.png FIG. 9. Comparison of single-layer (substrate only) models with the full KCM model (substrate and transducer) for (a) T0 = 311 K and (b) T0 = 81 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-phase-shift-ph-and-b-normalized-temperature-31sa6cu0.png FIG. 1. (a) Phase shift ϕ and (b) normalized temperature oscillation amplitude T as functions of the heating frequency f at T0 = 311 K. Curves denote predictions from effective Fourier models based on bulk and fitted values of the substrate thermal conductivity, the latter of which are shown in panel (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-phase-shift-ph-computed-from-one-and-2x20m7q2.png FIG. 8. The phase shift ϕ computed from one- and threedimensional Fourier-based and KCM models at (a) T0 = 311 K and (b) T0 = 81 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-phase-shift-ph-at-t0-311-k-as-predicted-from-x8fhq1r0.png FIG. 7. Phase shift ϕ at T0 = 311 K as predicted from hydrodynamic and Fourier models that consider the complex heat conduction in the Au/Cr transducer (purple line). The blue line corresponds to a numerical solution of the hydrodynamic model in which the Au/Cr transducer is modeled as a single homogeneous layer as in Fig. 4(b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-output-obtained-from-the-models-using-comsol-1rd40p4p.png FIG. 3. Output obtained from the models using COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS for f = 100 MHz and T0 = 311 K. The top plot shows the heating energy density function (blue line) and the temperature evolution of the transducer surface according to bulk Fourier and KCM, respectively. The right-bottom plot shows the amplitude of the temperature oscillations along the cross-plane direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-transport-equations-and-interface-boundary-conditions-3f2c2p9i.png FIG. 2. Transport equations and interface boundary conditions used in Fourier and KCM for the heat flux q and the temperature T . The interface normal vector n points toward the semiconductor. The substrate heat flux tangential component is denoted by qt , and subindex refers to the transducer domain in the boundary conditions. A detailed explanation of KCM can be found in Appendix A, and the equation parameter values can be found in Appendix C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-temperature-dependent-parameter-values-31afdkwy.png TABLE I. Temperature-dependent parameter values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-phase-shift-ph-as-a-function-of-frequency-f-at-a-t0-jujww5m9.png FIG. 4. Phase shift ϕ as a function of frequency f at (a) T0 = 416 K, (b) 311 K, (c) 154 K, and (d) 81 K. The KCM and Fourier (bulk κ) solutions use the thermal conductivity and the thermal boundary resistance R reported in Table I (Appendix C). The Fourier (bulk κ , increased R) solution uses an enhanced thermal boundary resistance chosen to fit the high-frequency measurements, which leads to a poor fit at low frequencies. The agreement between the finite elements calculation and the KCM analytical solutions is excellent. https://scispace.com/papers/phonons-and-quantum-criticality-revealed-by-temperature-103bxtftzd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematics-of-t-linear-resistivity-originated-from-1w1t1stm.png Figure 1. Schematics of T-linear resistivity originated from (a) electron-phonon scattering and (b) quantum critical point (QCP). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correlation-between-critical-points-related-dr-dt-139ikui3.png Figure 4. Correlation between critical points related dR/dT peak and symmetry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-t-linear-resistivity-and-field-driven-critical-22fn7rzs.png Figure 3. T-linear resistivity and field-driven critical point in 1.23° TDBG. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-t-linear-resistivity-and-field-tunable-electron-32h6nt81.png Figure 2. T-linear resistivity and field-tunable electron-phonon interaction in 1.55° TDBG. https://scispace.com/papers/phosphine-free-avenue-to-co2p-nanoparticle-encapsulated-n-p-1yqsiuq3le 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-oer-activity-of-co2p-npcnt-with-31tzy6wf.png Table 1 Comparison of the OER activity of Co2P/NPCNT with some of the recently developed electrocatalysts https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-xrd-pattern-of-co2p-npcnt-and-the-g-c3n4-precursor-28old2zs.png Fig. 1 (a) XRD pattern of Co2P/NPCNT and the g-C3N4 precursor obtained at 550 °C with their respective digital micrographs; (b) photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Co2P/NPCNT in comparison with the g-C3N4 precursor (inset: the respective optical micrographs). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-high-resolution-xps-of-a-carbon-b-nitrogen-c-pdwcb1ln.png Fig. 4 High resolution XPS of (a) carbon, (b) nitrogen, (c) phosphorus and (d) cobalt in Co2P/NPCNT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-b-low-and-high-magnification-sem-images-of-co2p-2s9uz8r3.png Fig. 3 (a & b) Low- and high-magnification SEM images of Co2P/ NPCNTs. (c) TEM image (inset: SAED pattern) and (d) HRTEM image of Co2P/NPCNT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-raman-spectrum-of-co2p-npcnt-and-b-tga-curves-of-d62ah4pd.png Fig. 2 (a) Raman spectrum of Co2P/NPCNT and (b) TGA curves of Co2P/CNT carried out under N2 (black) and air (red). https://scispace.com/papers/phospholipase-and-esterase-production-by-clinical-strains-of-4f05nb0wqj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-esterase-production-by-clinical-isolates-of-f-pedrosoi-38scpjmx.png Fig. 4 Esterase production by clinical isolates of F. pedrosoi by using Tween 80 opacity test. Conidial suspensions (containing 1 9 107 cells) of each strain (5VPL, LDI 11428 and Magé strains) were placed in the center of the Tween 80 agar plate and incubated at 37 C for 5, 10 and 15 days. The esterase activity was expressed as Pz, and the values represent the mean (±standard deviation) of three independent experiments performed in triplicate https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-phospholipase-production-by-clinical-isolates-of-f-16vxeomh.png Fig. 3 Phospholipase production by clinical isolates of F. pedrosoi by using egg-yolk agar plates. Conidial suspensions (containing 1 9 107 cells) of each strain (5VPL, LDI 11428 and Magé strains) were placed in the center of the egg-yolk agar plate and incubated at 37 C for 5, 10 and 15 days. The phospholipase activity was expressed as Pz, and the values represent the mean (±standard deviation) of three independent experiments performed in triplicate https://scispace.com/papers/phosphonium-polymethacrylates-for-short-interfering-rna-kf5r1tpu75 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dynamic-light-scattering-and-zeta-potential-3h1lwovf.png Figure 3: Dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurement of RNA polyplexes at N+/Por P+/P- ratio 20. A) For DLS measurements polyplexes were prepared in PBS using a final concentration of 0.02 µg µl-1 RNA in each sample. The table gives an overview of results for DLS and zeta potential measurements for RNA polyplexes (main population) at N+/P- or P+/P- ratio of 20. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cell-viability-assay-following-polymer-exposure-18ie0c44.png Figure 4: Cell viability assay following polymer exposure. Cells (mouse 3T3) were exposed increasing polymer concentrations. Cell viability was assessed using a resazurin assay after 48 hours exposure. Branched poly(ethylene imine) (25 kDa, bPEI) was used as a control. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean (n=3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hills-equations-binding-constant-k-representing-half-3a26rc1v.png Table 1: Hill’s equation’s binding constant K, representing half-maximum binding at 30 minutes for siRNA polyplexes. K is expressed as polymer concentration (µg/ml) N+/P- or P+/P- ratio. Data represents best-fit values ± SD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cellular-uptake-of-alexa-fluor-647-conjugated-rna-1c78tt1h.png Figure 5: Cellular uptake of Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated RNA polyplexes (4a-d) by 3T3 cells: flow cytometry (A/B) and confocal imaging (C/D). A) For flow cytometry 2×104 3T3-GFP cells were analyzed, and results were normalized to the median fluorescence intensity of untreated cells. Data is represented as median fluorescence, error bars indicate the standard error of the mean (n=3). B) Representative histogram overlays of RNA (negative control) and polyplexes (4a-d) C) For confocal laser scanning microscopy 3T3 cells were cultured on borosilicate glass slides (12- well plates) and uptake was analyzed after 4 hours exposure. Cellular uptake of RNA-polyplexes can be observed by the internalization of RNA (red fluorescence) within in the cell. Cell plasma membrane is stained in green and the cell nucleus stained in blue. Representative images shown, scale bar: 25 µm D) Quantitative analysis of siRNA uptake (%) as analyzed by confocal imaging. A minimum of three representative images containing 45-60 cells in total) of three different https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-structure-of-lirna-targeting-survivin-please-note-3vvkql9h.png Figure 6: A) Structure of liRNA targeting Survivin. Please note that the last 19 nucleotides of the 5’3 antisense strand (red) are complementary to the first 19 nucleotides of the 3’5 sense strand (red). In addition, the first 19 nucleotides of the 5’3 antisense strand (black) are complementary to the last 19 nucleotides of the 3’5 sense strand (black). The specific RNA design enables multimerization due to a long overhang which enables the addition of a further RNA strand creating a new overhang. B) Knockdown studies with siRNA and liRNA targeting Survivin. HeLa cells were transfected with polymer 4d using a P+/P- ratio of 10 and 20, with 30 nM siRNA or liRNA targeting Survivin. Survivin and GAPDH mRNA levels were measured by qRT-PCR 24 hours after transfection. Relative mRNA levels were determined by comparison of cells treated with siRNA/liRNA targeting Survivin and non-targeting control siRNA/liRNA. Data is represented as relative mRNA level (%) mean ± SEM and was analyzed by one-way ANOVA https://scispace.com/papers/phosphorescent-cationic-heterodinuclear-iriii-mi-complexes-m-26bgxns912 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-electrochemical-data-for-compound-1-4-obtained-by-u7ehafce.png Table 2. Electrochemical data for compound 1–4 obtained by cyclic voltammetry in acetone/0.1 M TBAP as the supporting electrolyte. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-background-subtracted-cvs-in-the-a-positive-and-b-5mdnebi1.png Figure 6. Background-subtracted CVs in the (a) positive- and (b) negative-going scan for 1 mM 1–4 in acetone/0.1 M TBAPF6 at 0.2 Vs-1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-potentially-emissive-low-lying-triplet-excited-1inwg1ou.png Table 3. Potentially emissive low-lying triplet excited states of complexes 1–4: character at FC and after structure optimization, calculated https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-background-subtracted-cyclic-voltammetries-of-1-mm-1w8u3nsa.png Figure 5. Background-subtracted cyclic voltammetries of 1 mM 1–4 in acetone/0.1 M TBAPF6 at 0.2 Vs-1 for O1,1-4 and R1,1-4 processes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-electronhole-charge-transfer-in-the-low-lying-bxpecp2s.png Figure 8. Electronhole charge transfer in the low-lying excited states of complexes 1–4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-left-simulated-absorption-spectra-of-complexes-1-3-1nu1e2hv.png Figure 9. Left: Simulated absorption spectra of complexes 1–3 with SOC. Right: Simulated absorption spectra of complexes 3–4 with SOC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-photophysical-properties-of-complexes-1-5-recorded-1pcefcq5.png Table 1. Photophysical properties of complexes 1–5 recorded in air-equilibrated and degassed acetone solution at concentration of 310-5 M at room temperature and 77 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-electronic-absorption-left-box-and-emission-spectra-3sv0o3ic.png Figure 2. Electronic absorption (left box) and emission spectra (right box) for 1 (green trace), 2 (orange trace), 3 (red trace), 4 (dark red trace) and 5 (black trace) in acetone at concentration of 3.010-5 M in degassed condition. For sample of 1, emission spectra of the air-equilibrated sample are shown as dashed trace. Samples were excited at exc = 410, 450, 460, 470 and 460nm for compound 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/phosphorus-recovery-as-struvite-recent-concerns-for-use-of-b21ggf9qe6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-composition-of-struvite-recovered-from-various-10385186.png Table 4 Composition of struvite recovered from various sources https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-different-seed-material-used-in-struvite-2gf5m6ha.png Table 3 Different seed material used in struvite precipitation and their effects on recovery https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-composition-of-alternative-mg-sources-used-for-336i9wq9.png Table 2 Composition of alternative Mg sources used for struvite production https://scispace.com/papers/phosphorus-particle-composite-plating-with-ni-p-alloy-matrix-1qm091ucze 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-relationship-between-cycle-number-and-friction-38fqf137.png Figure 8. Relationship between cycle number and friction coefficients of the Ni–15.9 atom % P alloy film and the Ni–29.0 atom % P alloy composite film before heat-treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ni-p-binary-alloy-phase-diagram-2xpttjh0.png Figure 6. Ni–P binary alloy phase diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-xrd-patterns-of-a-the-ni-15-9-atom-p-alloy-film-and-166uraph.png Figure 5. XRD patterns of a the Ni–15.9 atom % P alloy film and b the Ni–29.0 atom % P alloy composite film before and after heat-treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-hardnesses-of-the-ni-15-9-atom-p-alloy-film-and-the-35yqyws0.png Figure 7. Hardnesses of the Ni–15.9 atom % P alloy film and the Ni–29.0 atom % P alloy composite film before and after heat-treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relationship-between-phosphorus-particle-18exvlem.png Figure 1. Relationship between phosphorus particle concentration in the plating bath and phosphorus content in the electrodeposited film. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mapping-analysis-of-a-cross-section-of-the-ni-29-0-uluz7i9d.png Figure 4. Mapping analysis of a cross section of the Ni–29.0 atom % P alloy composite film before and after heat-treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cross-sections-of-the-ni-15-9-atom-p-alloy-film-and-kd6vffvk.png Figure 3. Cross sections of the Ni–15.9 atom % P alloy film and the Ni–29.0 atom % P alloy composite film before and after heat-treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sem-images-of-the-surfaces-of-a-ni-15-9-atom-p-2i9slwzj.png Figure 2. SEM images of the surfaces of a Ni–15.9 atom % P alloy film and b Ni–29.0 atom % P alloy composite film. https://scispace.com/papers/phosphorylation-on-thr-106-and-no-modification-of-glyoxalase-3da7tzytk4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-sequence-surrounding-thr-106-in-glo1-is-highly-278g71g1.png Table 1 The sequence surrounding Thr-106 in GLO1 is highly conserved among different species https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tnf-induced-phosphorylation-of-glo1-on-the-thr106-14v63tay.png Fig. 3 TNF induced phosphorylation of GLO1 on the Thr106 residue. Endogenous GLO1 was purified with hexylglutathionsepharose from control and TNF-treated (1000 IU/ml) HEK-293 cells. T10, T30 and T90 indicate TNF-treated cells for 10, 30 and 90 min, respectively. Purified GLO1 was analysed by western blotting using the anti-P-GLO1 Thr-106 antibody (upper panel). To confirm that equal amounts of GLO1 were present in the different samples, a fraction of purified GLO1 was analysed by western blotting using the anti-GLO1 antibody (lower panel). Note the appearance of phosphorylated GLO1 already after 10 min of TNF treatment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phosphorylation-and-no-modification-of-glo1-induced-by-1ap9pf0o.png Fig. 1 Phosphorylation and NO-modification of GLO1 induced by co-expression with CaMKII. a Phosphorylation of GLO1 induced by co-expression with CaMKII in HEK-293 cells. His-tagged GLO1 was transfected and co-transfected with the catalytic subunit of CaMKII and PKAa, respectively, in HEK-293 cells. Affinity-purified GLO1 from [32Pi] biosynthetically labelled cells was analysed by autoradiography (top panel) and a fraction of the sample by immunoblotting with an anti-GLO1 antibody (bottom panel). Note that only phosphorylation of GLO1 is observed when co-expressed with CaMKII. The 32P-labelled band corresponds to the expected M.W. of His-tagged GLO1, which is the upper band detected with the antiGLO1 antibody (lower panel). The lower band represents presumably a truncated form of overexpressed GLO1. b Overexpression of CaMKII induces NO-modification and phosphorylation of endogenous GLO1 in HEK-293 cells. Western blot with anti-GLO1 of 2-DE gels on total cell lysates derived from control HEK-293 cells, cells transfected with CaMKII and cells treated with GSNO (250 lM, 1 h), respectively. The 2-DE isoform pattern of GLO1 has been previously described in [14]. Note the appearance of two NO-modified forms of GLO1 to the right of a-isoform upon overexpression of CaMKII (indicated by arrowheads) or treatment with GSNO (indicated by arrows). Phosphorylated forms of GLO1alpha and the NO-responsive form of GLO1 are all indicated by arrowheads https://scispace.com/papers/phosphotyrosyl-peptides-and-analogues-as-substrates-and-4kplrkgpf2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-inhibition-of-metal-ion-derivatives-of-pig-pap-by-1hg6ccgx.png Table 6 Inhibition of metal ion derivatives of pig PAP by OMT- and FOMT-contai https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-inhibition-of-pig-pap-by-derivatives-of-fmoce-omt-l-3v56f4ug.png Table 5 Inhibition of pig PAP by derivatives of FmocE(OMT)L-amide https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-inhibition-of-pig-pap-by-selected-peptides-1ijslux8.png Table 4 Inhibition of pig PAP by selected peptides https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hydrolysis-of-phosphopeptides-by-pig-purple-acid-1hx6foho.png Table 2 Hydrolysis of phosphopeptides by pig purple acid phosphatasea https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-inhibition-of-paps-by-phosphotyrosyl-analogs-akidcth-9rhbrhx6.png Table 3 Inhibition of PAPs by phosphotyrosyl analogs (aKiðcÞ and KiðucÞ values in lM https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-kinetic-parametersa-determined-for-feiii-feii-pig-c2dodyuy.png Table 1 Kinetic parametersa determined for FeIII–FeII pig purple acid phosphatase using pNPP and PTyr as substrates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-kinetic-parameters-kcat-and-kcat-km-as-a-function-of-2c320ed4.png Fig. 1. Kinetic parameters (kcat and kcat=Km) as a function of pH for Fe III–FeII pig purple acid phosphatase using pNPP (A and B, respectively) and PTyr (C and D, respectively) as substrates. The data were quantitatively analyzed using equations derived from the diprotic model [21]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proposed-interaction-of-pig-purple-acid-phosphatase-8izxpv7m.png Fig. 2. Proposed interaction of pig purple acid phosphatase and peptide inhibitor. A Connolly surface representation of the active site region. The negatively charged amino acid residues (Asp and Glu) are colored red and the positively charged residues (Lys and Arg) are colored blue. All remaining amino acid residues are colored white. The metal ions are colored tan for FeIII and red for the redox-active FeII=III and they can be seen just protruding above the surface. The highest ranked docking solution of the F2PMP peptide to the enzyme is depicted as a stick model and color-coded such that green is for carbon, red for oxygen, blue for nitrogen, and aquamarine for fluorine. The groove on the surface is lined with charged amino acids and may be a region for the development of second generation inhibitors. https://scispace.com/papers/photo-cross-linked-self-assembled-poly-ethylene-oxide-based-4dgzntkhv5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-master-curve-obtained-by-superimposition-the-1mp1qo9e.png Figure 1. (a) Master curve obtained by superimposition the relaxation spectra of pure tPEO solutions and tPEO/IEI12K mixtures (reference curve: tPEO35k at C = 50 g/L and T = 20 °C). (b) Evolution of the relaxation time with the weight fraction of tPEO35k in tPEO35k/IEI12K mixtures at C tot = 50 g/L and T = 20 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-strain-dependence-of-the-elastic-modulus-g-1z8ffvyx.png Figure 4. (a) Strain dependence of the elastic modulus (G') measured at f = 1 Hz for tPEO12k/IEI12K hybrid photo-cross-linked hydrogels at constant tPEO concentration (C = 30 g/L) and increasing concentration of IEI12K as indicated in the Figure. Arrows indicate the breakage of the sample. (b) Tensile tests of tPEO based hydrogels after photo-cross-linking (stretch rate v = 0.03 s-1). (c) Tensile test of tPEO35k C = 40 g/L – IEI12K C = 80 g/L at the beginning (left) and end (right) of the test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evolution-of-the-low-frequency-storage-modulus-3soosgeb.png Figure 3. Evolution of the low frequency storage modulus (measured at 0.01 Hz) as a function of the molar percentage of PIEA blocks in the micelle cores for tPEO35k/IEI12k hybrid hydrogels. The total concentration of block copolymer is indicated in the Figure. Dotted lines are guide to the eye. Arrows show the maximum moduli calculated assuming rubber elasticity and affine deformation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-evolution-of-the-elastic-modulus-g-during-the-1anbu5so.png Figure 2. (a) Evolution of the elastic modulus (G') during the photo-cross-linking step of tPEO35k/IEI12K hybrid hydrogels at constant tPEO35K concentration C tPEO = 40 g/L and various IEI12K concentration indicated in the Figure. (γ = 2 %, f = 1 Hz). (b) Frequency dependence of the storage (G', circles) and loss (G", triangles) moduli before (open symbols) and after UV-irradiation (filled symbols) of tPEO35k/IEI12K (40 g/L-80 g/L) mixture. https://scispace.com/papers/photoacoustic-and-thermoacoustic-imaging-with-a-multichannel-1x4bbvengl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-photograph-and-b-photoacoustic-image-of-a-tumor-27zifpuy.png Figure 5. (a) Photograph and (b) photoacoustic image of a tumor phantom https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-photography-of-a-blood-tube-b-thermoacoustic-and-14qdxmxw.png Figure 6. (a) Photography of a blood tube. (b) Thermoacoustic and (c) photoacoustic image of the blood tube in mineral oil https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagram-of-our-combined-pa-ta-breast-scanner-57gdgg5v.png Figure 1. Diagram of our combined PA/TA breast scanner. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-10-cross-section-images-of-a-two-cross-hair-zb36k8cs.png Figure 2. (1-10) Cross-section images of a two cross hair phantom acquired in parallel by 10 transducers at different depths. The depth (z) is labeled in each image respectively, z is the vertical position as indicated in Figure 1. (11) Diagram of the two cross hair phantom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-images-of-the-dog-brain-acquired-by-transducers-3jzovxci.png Figure 4. Images of the dog brain acquired by transducers with different negative lenses: (a) cylindrical negative lens (b) aspherical lens and (c) no lens https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-photograph-and-b-one-channel-tomographic-image-of-2r1xpum2.png Figure 3. (a) Photograph and (b) one channel tomographic image of a dog brain. https://scispace.com/papers/photo-sensitive-ge-nanocrystal-based-films-controlled-by-2i2fdw23cc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-response-speed-of-the-photo-sensitive-unbiased-gry2zvl3.png Figure 5. Response speed of the photo-sensitive unbiased structure under 808.5 nm laser beam illumination, Popt = 7.6 mW: (a) schematic of the measurement setup; (b) rise front (left axis) and falling edges (right) at f = 4 kHz. https://scispace.com/papers/photoacoustics-of-single-aerosol-droplets-immobilised-by-2078w5gy83 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-an-eigenfrequency-sweep-of-the-pa-cell-at-45-21o53yy9.png Figure 3. Left: an eigenfrequency sweep of the PA cell at 45 %RH , showing the PA amplitude and phase components. The PA amplitude and phase are clearly related, with the maxima in the PA amplitude coinciding with the inflexion point in the PA phase. Right: raw experimental PA amplitude data fitted with a Lorentzian function. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pa-amplitude-top-and-phase-bottom-values-measured-2y24oabp.png Figure 6. PA amplitude (top) and phase (bottom) values measured in two different cells (cell A on the left and cell B on the right) at the acoustic eigenfrequency (blue, ) and at 4 kHz (orange, ©). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-resonance-frequencies-of-the-two-pa-cells-cell-a-on-1oo9fx0h.png Figure 5. Resonance frequencies of the two PA cells (cell A on the left and cell B on the right) plotted against relative humidity. The resonance frequencies were retrieved from the PA amplitude (black, ♦) and phase (blue, 4). The measurements were performed on the background signal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-mass-accommodation-coefficient-am-retrieved-3829gdm1.png Figure 8. The mass accommodation coefficient (αM) retrieved from photoacoustic amplitude (left) and photoacoustic phase (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-saturation-water-vapour-pressure-against-gas-1s40yjt3.png Figure 4. The saturation water vapour pressure against gas temperature from the literature (solid line) [84, table 1.52], using the Taylor expansion around T∞ (dotted line) and Taylor expansion around T (dashed line) for T∞ = 20.5 ◦C and T = 30◦C. The red bar indicates the correction in vapour pressure of the new model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-illustration-of-the-photoacoustic-effect-an-29r5egp9.png Figure 1. An illustration of the photoacoustic effect. An aerosol particle (blue) is irradiated with an intensity-modulated IR laser (red) which results in heat flux and mass flux, both of which constitute the photoacoustic signal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-between-the-new-refined-model-solid-1jzvcnhm.png Figure 7. Comparison between the new refined model (solid lines) and the old model (dashed lines) for relative humidities 30 % (brown, ), 50 % (red, 4), 70 % (orange, ♦), 90 % (green, 5). The following signals were simulated: (a) photoacoustic amplitude (PAA); (b) photoacoustic phase (PAP); (c) heat flux (HF) and (d) mass flux (MF). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-sketch-of-the-experimental-set-up-showing-the-3aohqkp2.png Figure 2. A sketch of the experimental set-up, showing the trapping laser (green), photoacoustic laser (gray) and the PA cell (yellow). https://scispace.com/papers/photoacoustic-insight-for-aerosol-light-absorption-aloft-29q2m2aabm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-variation-of-the-acoustical-resonator-with-ambient-jq97k6mg.png Figure 1. Variation of the acoustical resonator with ambient pressure. (a) Peak pressure during the acoustical calibration accomplished with the piezoelectric transducer and microphone, (b) the quality factor, (c) the resonator time constant, and (d) the resonance frequency. Variations in the ambient temperature and RH during the flight cause the multivaluedness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-time-series-of-the-photoacoustic-data-quality-1y2xz47l.png Figure 9. Time series of the photoacoustic data quality metric and its relationship with aircraft altitude. The aircraft was on the runway during the period before time 147.6. Note that data quality is highest when the aircraft was at its highest elevations and was lowest when the aircraft was near the ground. It is likely that turbulence in the lower levels degraded data quality, though in later efforts this effect was mitigated by use of an improved electronic high pass filter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-vertical-profile-of-aerosol-light-absorption-from-nns4qj4a.png Figure 14. Vertical profile of aerosol light absorption from during the Fort Ord fire, CSTRIPE project, near Seaside, California, on 18 July 2003. Note that most of the smoke was below 400 m and levels aloft were much lower. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-phase-of-the-acoustic-pressure-at-the-microphone-1wqutu62.png Figure 4. Phase of the acoustic pressure at the microphone relative to the piezoelectric transducer as a function of frequency. The thin curve is from the approximate model, and the thick curve is from the full form. The phase shows a monotonic reduction with frequency. The phase error from use of the approximate model is shown relative to the axis on the right and is small. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-measured-and-modeled-peak-acoustic-pressure-during-3f28rb47.png Figure 5. Measured and modeled peak acoustic pressure during calibration with the piezoelectric transducer as a function of ambient pressure. The smallest and largest values were obtained at ambient pressures of 400 mb and 1000 mb, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-magnitude-of-the-acoustic-pressure-at-the-3n7ulszc.png Figure 3. Magnitude of the acoustic pressure at the microphone, using the piezoelectric transducer as a calibration source, as a function of frequency. The thin curve is from the approximate model in equation (15), and the thick curve is from the full form of equation (13). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-resonator-quality-factor-as-a-function-of-ambient-299culw5.png Figure 2. Resonator quality factor as a function of ambient pressure obtained with a valve on the inlet to simulate flight conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-time-series-of-photoacoustic-and-psap-aerosol-2rrv4soz.png Figure 8. (a) Time series of photoacoustic and PSAP aerosol light absorption for an air parcel at standard conditions for the case also shown in Figure 6. The PSAP values were calibrated using the results of the Reno Aerosol Optics Study. Note generally good agreement for the layers and more discrepancy when the aircraft was closest to the ground as in the relative minima before 147.7 and in the vicinity of 147.8. (b) Scatterplot for a data subset of the time series shown in Figure 8a. The subset was chosen from all data where the ambient pressure was below 750 mb. https://scispace.com/papers/photocatalytic-ozonation-under-visible-light-for-the-c9696lno2o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-toc-concentration-vs-time-for-the-photocatalytic-2mfty11l.png Fig. 5. TOC concentration vs time for the photocatalytic ozonation treatment of grey water under internal and external visible light irradiation. Dilution ratios: 1:7.5 (circles), 1:10 (squares), 1:20 (triangles) and 1:40 (diamonds). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scheme-and-parts-of-the-semi-batch-reaction-system-2om7zfjd.png Fig. 1. Scheme and parts of the semi-batch reaction system used in the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-toc-variation-vs-time-for-the-photocatalytic-blue-gmwt164t.png Fig. 6. TOC variation vs time for the photocatalytic (blue circles) and photocatalytic ozonation (orange triangles) of an eMBR effluent under internal and external visible light irradiation. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-4-np-black-and-toc-red-concentrations-vs-time-during-16jar8bh.png Fig. 2. 4-NP (black) and TOC (red) concentrations vs. time during photocatalysis (diamonds), and photocatalytic ozonation (squares) by using both external and internal irradiation systems. Initial 4-NP concentration: 5 ppm. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-toc-concentration-vs-time-for-the-degradation-of-a-2swhus33.png Fig. 4. TOC concentration vs time for the degradation of a grey water solution (diluted 1:20) through photocatalysis (green squares) and photocatalytic ozonation (grey diamonds) under internal and external visible light irradiation. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-normalized-4-np-concentration-vs-time-curves-from-the-1xmpdq95.png Fig. 3. Normalized 4-NP concentration vs time curves from the L-H model and experimental points from the photocatalytic ozonation runs under internal and external visible light irradiation. Initial 4-NP concentrations: 8 ppm (green circles), 5 ppm (orange squares), 3 ppm (blue diamonds) and 1 ppm (grey triangles). Lines represent the L-H model. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/photochromic-coloration-of-wo3-with-visible-light-3od6dy618w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dependence-of-hhn-2-of-a-cds-wo3-bilayer-on-the-light-1z8t9ep8.png FIG. 3. Dependence of (hhn)2 of a CdS–WO3 bilayer on the light exposure energy. The similarity of this graph with Fig. 1 suggests a direct proportionality betweenh anda. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-coloration-rateh-as-a-function-of-the-light-exposure-32kyghw7.png FIG. 2. Coloration rateh as a function of the light exposure wavelength for a bare WO3 film ~open symbols! and a CdS–WO3 bilayer ~closed symbols!. https://scispace.com/papers/photoconductive-properties-of-bi2s3-nanowires-2tqxh5zmzh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-characterization-of-photoconductivity-of-bi2s3-3vr9653u.png FIG. 4. Characterization of photoconductivity of Bi2S3 nanowires. (a) photoconductivity spectra of an individual Bi2S3 nanowire deposited onto a Si substrate (filled triangles) and of arrays of 40 lm long AAO-hosted Bi2S3 nanowires (not filled triangles) illuminated from position 1 (Figure 3(a)); (b) schematics of the nanowire areas with different charge carrier photo-induction energies; (c) photoconductivity spectra of the individual Bi2S3 nanowire deposited onto a Si substrate (filled triangles) and of AAO-hosted 40 lm long nanowires arrays (not filled circles) illuminated from position 2 (Figure 3(a)); (d) photoconductivity spectra of AAO-hosted 40 lm long nanowires arrays (triangles) and of AAO-hosted 5 lm long nanowires arrays (circles) illuminated from position 1 (Figure 3(a)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-between-dark-circles-and-illuminated-2ak581fp.png FIG. 6. Comparison between dark (circles) and illuminated (squares) current-voltage characteristics of AAO-hosted (a) and individual (b) Bi2S3 nanowires. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-schematic-showing-the-experimental-set-up-for-2vdt2iu9.png FIG. 3. (a) Schematic showing the experimental set-up for measuring the photoconductive properties of AAOhosted Bi2S3 nanowires. The light source was located in position 1 for the sample illumination along the nanowire axis or in the position 2 for the sample illumination normal to the nanowire axis; (b) typical currentvoltage characteristics obtained from an array of Bi2S3 nanowires within an AAO membrane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-sem-image-of-a-sio2coated-si-substrate-showing-3e25ejcq.png FIG. 2. (a) SEM image of a SiO2coated Si substrate showing deposited Bi2S3 nanowires (diameters around 200 nm) and Ti/Au electrodes. (b) Typical current-voltage characteristics of an individual Bi2S3 nanowire released from the AAO membrane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-photocurrent-vs-time-for-plots-for-individual-3dmeqvy0.png FIG. 5. (a) Photocurrent vs time for plots for individual (triangles) and AAO-hosted (circles) Bi2S3 nanowires; (b) comparison between photocurrent impulses of 5 lm long (black circles) and 40 lm long (grey circles) AAOhosted Bi2S3 nanowires. https://scispace.com/papers/photocurrent-assisted-wavelength-paw-conversion-with-1h45anvav4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ber-curves-of-a-optical-signals-and-b-electrical-203a7iry.png Fig. 3. BER curves of (a) optical signals and (b) electrical signals. Square: optical back-to-back at 1545.8 nm. Triangle: open termination. Circle: 50- termination. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-eye-histograms-of-photocurrent-signal-electrical-and-1w7h7oic.png Fig. 2. Eye histograms of photocurrent signal (electrical) and wavelength converted signal (optical). The electrical eyes are taken with 6-dB attenuation. (a) Electrical eye with open termination. (b) Electrical eye with 50- termination. (c) Optical eye with open termination. (d) Optical eye with 50- termination. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-configuration-of-paw-conversion-using-a-tw-eam-25xv4vvn.png Fig. 1. Configuration of PAW-Conversion using a TW-EAM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-contribution-of-extinction-ratio-from-different-343jprt7.png Fig. 4. Contribution of extinction ratio from different mechanisms as a function of NRZ pump power (a) with open termination and (b) with 50- termination. https://scispace.com/papers/photodetachment-spectrum-of-ohf-three-dimensional-study-of-3slzma2dht 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-contour-plots-of-the-wave-packet-density-for-different-j2s0mq6f.png FIG. 4. Contour plots of the wave packet density for different times and angles in the product Jacobi coordinates. The propagation is performed on the OHF(3A9) PES to simulate the J851←J50. The contours of the potential correspond to 3.5, 1.5, 0.5, 0, 20.5 eV with respect to OH(v50) 1F. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-contour-plots-of-the-density-probability-of-several-26l06cjg.png FIG. 14. Contour plots of the density probability of several HLH resonances. The energy of the resonances are in meV, distances are in Å, and three contours are chosen with an order of magnitude of density probability difference, to distinguish the wave functions structures. Left panels forr OF 51.965 Å, middle panels forr OF52.4 Å, and right panels forr OF 53.5 Å. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-top-panel-absorption-probabilities-obtained-for-the-37jdcigp.png FIG. 6. Top panel, absorption probabilities obtained for the different portions of the wave packets applying the projection operators of Eq.~7!. Bottom panel final HF(v) vibrational distribution. Energy scale, in eV, is referred to the F1OH(v50) threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-spectrum-bottom-panel-and-final-oh-probabilities-top-7lgci41v.png FIG. 12. Spectrum~bottom panel! and final OH probabilities~top panel! obtained in the photodetachment process~full line! compared to that obtained in the F1OH(v50,j 50) collision ~dashed line! for zero total angular momentum in paper I. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-contour-plots-of-the-ohf-3a9-pes-as-a-function-ofx8-2g1anj9c.png FIG. 13. Contour plots of the OHF(3A9) PES as a function ofx8 5RH–OFcosg8 andy85RH–OFsing8, in Å, for three different OF distances. Bottom panel,r OF51.965 Å, corresponding to the saddle point. Middle panel, r OF52.4 Å the equilibrium distance in the OHF 2 precursor. Top panel,r OF53.5 Å closer to dissociation. The contours are21.2, 20.5, 0, and 1 eV, with respect to the F1OH(v50) threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-calculatedab-initio-energy-points-for-several-1wrug2gz.png FIG. 1. Calculatedab initio energy points for several electronic states of the OHF2 anion. On each panel fixed geometric parameters are equilibrium values. On panel~c! the two potential curves, of2A8 ~solid line! and 2A9 ~dashed line! states, are plotted together with their corresponding monodimensional bending levels,b. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-contour-plots-of-the-local-ohf2-2a8-pes-in-product-382e9prt.png FIG. 2. Contour plots of the local OHF2(2A8) PES in product Jacobi coordinates for~a! g50, ~b! r 51.32 Å, with x5R cosg and y5R sing. The contours correspond to 0.002, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, and 12 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-right-panel-vibrational-wave-functions-wv-of-bare-hf-18suwbcl.png FIG. 8. Right panel, vibrational wave functions, wv , of bare HF placed at the corresponding eigenvalue on the HF PES. Middle panel, vibrationally average potentials, ^wvuV(R,r ,g 50)uwv&, for different HF vibrational levels as a function ofR. In the lower part of these two panels the wave function amplitude of the OHF2 ground vibrational state is also plotted. Finally, at the left panel, the overlap between the initial vibrational OHF2 state and the final wave functions is shown for the case ofv52. https://scispace.com/papers/photodimerization-as-an-alternative-to-photocrosslinking-of-3m21u14qvh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1-h-nmr-spectra-300-mhz-cdcl3-of-coumoh-coum-ots-and-1bnlqdci.png Fig 1. 1 H NMR spectra (300 MHz; CDCl3) of CoumOH, Coum-OTs and CoumC11-POxn. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cm-poxn-and-coumc11-poxn-characteristics-bzufs69d.png Table 1. Cm-POxn and CoumC11-POxn characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1-h-dosy-nmr-spectrum-600-mhz-d2o-of-coumc11-pox25-32ifofjh.png Fig 4. 1 H DOSY NMR spectrum (600 MHz; D2O) of CoumC11-POx25 dissolved in water at 11.7 mg mL -1 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-hydrodynamic-diameter-dh-determined-using-dls-as-a-3hmtnffc.png Fig 3. Hydrodynamic diameter (DH) determined using DLS as a function of the length of POx block for C18-POxn, C12-POxn and CoumC11-POxn (direct dissolution in water at 4 mg mL -1 ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-hydrodynamic-diameter-dh-determined-using-dls-as-a-39xia590.png Fig 6. Hydrodynamic diameter (DH) determined using DLS as a function of the length of the POx block for CoumC11-POxn before and after UV-irradiation (direct dissolution in water at 4 mg mL -1 ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dls-results-of-a-c18-pox25-b-c12-pox25-and-c-coumc11-3qrp0poq.png Fig 2. DLS results of (a) C18-POx25, (b) C12-POx25 and (c) CoumC11-POx25 directly dissolved at 4 mg mL - 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-afm-topographic-image-in-tapping-mode-using-a-3hgf4d3p.png Fig 7. AFM topographic image in tapping mode using a monolithic silicon tip (a) before and (c) after UVirradiation, and corresponding height (HAFM) distribution after baseline correction over more than 100 self-assemblies (b) before and (d) after UV-irradiation and in inset associated topographic cross-section profile corresponding to the yellow line on the topographic images for CoumC11-POx25 at 0.08 mg mL -1 in water dropped onto silica wafer. https://scispace.com/papers/photoelectrochemistry-and-etching-of-sic-a-comparison-with-4jg2f72kri 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-current-potential-curves-for-p-type-4h-sic-at-2ipobbuu.png Figure 2. Current-potential curves for p-type 4H-SiC at different KOH concentrations at 20.5 °C (a). The values of the peak current and the passivation current are plotted against the KOH concentration (b). The rights axis shows the calculated etch rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sem-image-of-etch-features-formed-on-micropipes-m-vk093f6m.png Figure 5. SEM image of etch features formed on micropipes (M) and pinning dislocations (D) parallel to the (0001) Si surface of a SiC substrate revealed by defect selective photoanodic etching. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-current-density-potential-plots-recorded-for-n-type-3dgxisd9.png Figure 3. Current density-potential plots recorded for n-type 4H SiC at different light intensities (a) and n-type Si in the dark (b) in 0.1M KOH solution at 20.5 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-electroluminescence-spectra-of-n-type-6h-sic-as-20m4k4x6.png Figure 4. Electroluminescence spectra of n-type 6H SiC as received (straight line) and after removal of a 10.3 μm thick crystal layer (dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-koutecky-levich-plot-based-on-the-measurements-1mt6adfe.png Figure 7. Koutecky-Levich plot based on the measurements performed in a 33 mM fluoride solution. The rotation rates were varied between 100-3000 RPM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-current-density-potential-plots-recorded-for-p-type-17lo5udj.png Figure 1. Current density-potential plots recorded for p-type Si and p-type 4H SiC (b) in 0.1M KOH solution at 20.5 °C. Both experiments were performed in the dark. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-current-density-potential-plots-recorded-in-1bh7j2q3.png Figure 6. Current density-potential plots recorded in fluoride media (cf = 33mM, pH=3) for p-type Si [21](a) and p-type 4H SiC (b). The rotation rates used were 1600 RPM and 1500 RPM for Si and SiC respectively. Note: In fig 6(a) the potential is given with respect to a saturated mercury/mercurous sulfate (SME) reference electrode. https://scispace.com/papers/photoelectrocatalytic-degradation-of-sulfosalicylic-acid-and-4zux6pf0ks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-eis-nyquist-plots-of-ssal-photoelectrochemical-h8wtivbj.png Figure 7. EIS Nyquist plots of SSal photoelectrochemical degradation: SSal concentration) 5.0 × 10-4 mol L-1, external bias) 50 mV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-equivalent-circuit-of-the-photoelectrochemical-2casih99.png Figure 9. The equivalent circuit of the photoelectrochemical degradation of SSal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-photoelectrochemical-degradation-in-2t5e1cx1.png Figure 4. Comparison of photoelectrochemical degradation in O2- and N2-purged solutions: bias) 0.7 V (vs SCE), gas flow) 1000 mL min-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ph-change-during-ssal-photoelectrochemical-1xl50eq8.png Figure 5. pH change during SSal photoelectrochemical degradation: bias ) 700 mV, gas flow) 1000 mL min-1, SSal concentration) 5.12× 10-4 mol L-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-photoelectrocatalytic-degradation-of-ssal-under-3oz1bvea.png Figure 3. Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of SSal under different pH values: bias) 700 mV, N2 flow ) 1000 mL min-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-current-change-during-ssal-photoelectrochemical-26x8odts.png Figure 6. Current change during SSal photoelectrochemical degradation: SSal concentration) 1.97 × 10-4 mol L-1, bias) 0.7 V (vs SCE), gas flow) 1000 mL min-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-photo-current-response-of-the-three-electrode-xemds4sb.png Figure 11. Photo current response of the three-electrode system in SSal medium: pH) 7.5, SSal concentration) 1.8 × 10-5 mol L-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-i-v-characteristics-of-tio2-on-porous-nickel-3qs6zduq.png Figure 12. The i-V characteristics of TiO2 on porous nickel reference electrode) SCE, scan rate) 25 mV s-1, SSal concentration) 5.0× 10-4mol L-1. https://scispace.com/papers/photoelectron-circular-dichroism-of-chiral-molecules-studied-30lg6ahuuw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-homo-orbitals-of-the-molecules-camphor-a-2rvpvz9h.png FIG. 1. (Color online) HOMO orbitals of the molecules camphor (a) and fenchone (b) as obtained from GAUSSIAN [32]. The CO bond points upwards. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-illustration-of-the-pecd-effect-in-kmnqp859.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Illustration of the PECD effect in camphor. On the left, a cut (ky = 0) through a momentum distribution at an arbitrary orientation of camphor is shown. In the middle, the corresponding orientation-averaged distribution is shown, and on the right the difference between forward and backward emission is shown in units relative to the average amplitude on the inner (three-photon) ring. The LCP [as defined in Eq. (9)] laser pulse propagates from left to right, as indicated by the arrow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-dichroism-of-each-molecular-orientation-e-3s8fadvm.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Dichroism of each molecular orientation (η,ξ ) of camphor, decomposed into the Legendre coefficients (a) b0, (b) b1, (c) b2, and (d) b3. All values are given in relation to the average yield b0,avg and correspond to three-photon ionization. Note the different color scales in the plots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-same-as-fig-5-but-for-fenchone-19kyas2b.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Same as Fig. 5, but for fenchone. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-legendre-coefficients-b0-a-b1-b-b2-c-and-1pfzidxj.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Legendre coefficients b0 (a), b1 (b), b2 (c), and b3 (d) for camphor in dependence of the molecular orientation (η,ξ ). All values are given relative to the average yield b0,avg and correspond to three-photon ionization. Note the different color scales in the plots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-legendre-coefficients-b2n-1-for-the-1zkicyuy.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Legendre coefficients b2n+1 for the molecules (a) camphor and (b) fenchone according to Eq. (12). Shown are the values for three-photon ionization (red, solid), four-photon ionization (green, crossed), and five-photon ionization (blue, striped), which are normalized such that the coefficient b0 (the total ionization yield) is one for each case. A LCP cw field of 398 nm wavelength and an intensity of 2.5 × 1013 W/cm2 have been used. https://scispace.com/papers/photodynamical-analysis-of-the-triply-eclipsing-hierarchical-12wth84kk9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-predicted-outer-eclipse-times-over-the-next-1-000-d-3qmhygwc.png Table 7. Predicted outer eclipse times over the next 1 000 d for EPIC 249432662. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pole-on-view-of-the-hierarchical-triple-star-system-2smjq8iy.png Figure 1. Pole-on view of the hierarchical triple star system EPIC 249432662. The red and blue curves represent the motions of the Ba and Bb stars of the ‘inner’ 8-d binary orbit in their 188-d ‘outer’ orbit about the center of mass (CM) of the triple system (located at X = Y = 0). The thin grey curve marks the locus of CM points for the 8-d binary. The green curve is the 188-d ‘outer’ orbit of star A, the third star that comprises the system. The thin green lines denote the major and minor axes of the orbit of star A, while the thin green arrow indicates the direction of motion along the orbits. Thicker sections of the orbits represent the arcs on which the three stars were moving during the ‘great eclipse’, observed with the Kepler spacecraft around BJD 2 458 018. The black arrow that connects these arcs is directed toward the observer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-radial-velocity-study-14vwj614.png Table 3. Radial velocity study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-radial-velocity-measurements-of-the-brightest-outer-2hn7n8vj.png Figure 3. Radial velocity measurements of the brightest, outer component of EPIC 249432662 together with the photodynamical model RV curve (top panel) and the residuals (bottom). Red circles and blue squares denote Keck HIRES and McDonald points, respectively. The thin horizontal line in the upper panel shows the RV value at the conjunction points (i. e. when the sum of the true anomaly and the argument of periastron of the outer orbit is equal to ±90◦). See Section 7 for a description of the photodynamical model in which the RV points were included in the fit. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-predicted-inner-8-d-eclipse-times-for-epic-249432662-13fo2920.png Table 6. Predicted inner (8-d) eclipse times for EPIC 249432662. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-great-eclipser-masses-and-radii-large-1trxseqz.png Figure 8. Comparison of ‘great eclipser’ masses and radii (large orange circles) compared with stellar radius versus mass relations on the lower main sequence. The red circles are models presented in Rappaport et al. (2017) for solar metallicity stars. The light green circles are taken from the Baraffe et al. (1998) results for similar stars. The solid black curve is the log-polynomial fit (equation A1 in Rappaport et al. 2017) to the model points shown in red. Blue circles with error bars are well-measured systems (see e.g. Cakirli et al. 2010; Carter et al. 2011; Kraus et al. 2011; Dittmann et al. 2017, and references therein). The purple curve is from Stassun et al. (2018) and represents the mean expected R(M) value, for cool stars that are possibly thermally inflated due to their interactions in binary systems. This figure is adapted from fig. 16 of Rappaport et al. (2017). https://scispace.com/papers/photofragment-angular-momentum-distributions-in-the-563862vuqg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-azimuthal-angles-of-i-and-d-about-v-for-a-1plsyzmf.png FIG. 3. The azimuthal angles of i and d about v: For a nonchiral, asymmetric top molecule, there are two, equally likely, molecular geometries that share v and d, but not i, as they have opposite signs for the azimuthal angle between i and d + i and − i . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-polar-coordinates-of-the-dynamical-vectors-v-a-b-and-d-1l7zjkdg.png FIG. 2. Polar coordinates of the dynamical vectors v, A, B, and d , the photolysis E , and probe P polarization directions in the molecular frame, for the photodissociation of asymmetric top molecules. Vectors are given in terms of polar angles , , where is the polar angle with v and is the azimuthal angle with respect to the plane defined by E and v. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-detection-sensitivity-factors-sk-for-2-n-rempi-2ohkth9w.png TABLE I. The detection sensitivity factors sk for 2+n REMPI, where the detection step is saturated, tabulated for k=1, 2, 3, and 4, and for J=−2,−1,0 ,+1, and +2. J is the photofragment angular momentum, J=J −J, where J is the angular momentum of the intermediate state of the REMPI transition, and denotes the polarization of the probe laser =0 for linearly polarized light, and = 1 for circularly polarized probe light . The sk are calculated using Eq. 19 . The J=0 transitions with linearly polarized probe light =0 should be used with care see text for details . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-polar-coordinates-of-the-photofragment-recoil-v-the-2da30d8k.png FIG. 5. Polar coordinates of the photofragment recoil v, the photolysis E , and probe P polarization directions in the laboratory frame. The detection axis defines Z e.g., Z is the direction of the probe beam in Doppler spectroscopy, or Z points toward the microchannel plate detector in TOF mass spectrometry or velocity map imaging . Vectors are given in terms of polar coordinates , where is the polar angle angle from the Z axis and is the azimuthal angle with respect to the plane defined by E and Z. In this diagram, the photolysis vector E is limited to linear polarization and represents the axis of the linear polarization of the light i.e., the electric field vector . Note that for linearly polarized probe light, the vector P is defined by the axis of the linear polarization the electric field vector , whereas for circularly polarized probe light P is defined as the direction of the circularly polarized beam. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-photodissociation-of-a-triatomic-molecule-is-shown-dmk0hzm4.png FIG. 4. a Photodissociation of a triatomic molecule is shown with v, d, and i all in the same plane. Reflection through the v- i plane leaves the molecule and J distribution unchanged. b Photodissociation of a triatomic molecule is now shown with i perpendicular to the v-d plane. In this case, reflection through the v- i plane produces a photodissociating molecule that shares v and i, but a different d and an inverted J . The averaging of these two, equally likely, molecular geometries for isotropic parent molecules causes the q=1 parameters to vanish. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-tabulation-of-the-values-of-the-a0-k-parameters-k-1-29p8wnt3.png TABLE II. Tabulation of the values of the a0 k parameters k=1–6 , calculated for J=3, and for each M state, and compared to the high-J limit of Pk cos , showing the low-J deviation note that for a0 1 and a0 2, there is no deviation between the high- and low-J limits, as shown in Eq. 21 . Summing over M-states gives 0 for the a0 k parameters, but not for the Pk cos with even k for k 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-experimental-geometries-discussed-in-appendix-b-a-3vehyhl1.png FIG. 6. The experimental geometries, discussed in Appendix B: a photolysis and probe lasers counterpropagating along the Z axis Doppler detection axis , both linearly polarized. Necessarily, both laser linear polarization directions are perpendicular to the Z axis, whereas the azimuthal angle between the polarization directions is PE. b The photolysis and probe laser are both perpendicular to each other and to the Z axis which here is the TOF axis of a slice-imaging detector . The photolysis laser is linearly polarized and set at an angle of 45° to the Z axis. The probe laser is circularly polarized, therefore the polarization direction is parallel to the propagation direction and is perpendicular to Z P=90° but in the same plane with Z and E. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-polar-coordinates-of-the-dynamical-vectors-v-i-and-d-17752lxy.png FIG. 1. Polar coordinates of the dynamical vectors v, i, and d for the photodissociation of an asymmetric top molecule, showing that the recoil frame defined by v and d is not necessarily parallel to the initial molecular frame defined by i and d . https://scispace.com/papers/photoenhanced-excitonic-correlations-in-a-mott-insulator-1n1b7vyz4j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulation-results-for-u-25-v-6-0-and-initial-350v58n3.png FIG. 5. Simulation results for U = 25, V = 6.0 and initial temperature T = 0.1 showing the temporal evolution of the change in the correlation functions after a hopping modulation with th = 0.75, and ω = 20.0. (a) Double occupancy measured relative to the equilibrium value (Deq,hf ), (b) photoinduced doublons and holons on nearest-neighbor sites ( Pexc), (c) doublon-holon pairs on a diagonal of the cluster (PNNNexc ), and (d) the probability of non-halffilled plaquette states 1 − Phf. The black solid lines represent the changes in the probabilities for uncorrelated doublons and holons on neighboring sites [Eq. (12)] and on the diagonals of the cluster [Eq. (13)]. The blue solid line represents the running average over one oscillation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-correlation-function-pso-which-measures-singly-1t8qy5aq.png FIG. 11. Correlation function Pso, which measures singly occupied sites on the cluster versus nearest-neighbor interaction V for U = 25 and T = 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-temporal-evolution-of-the-biexcitonic-correlation-2h1d1uww.png FIG. 12. Temporal evolution of the biexcitonic correlation function for V = 3 (green solid line) and for V = 6 (red solid line) in a system with U = 25. The parameters of the excitation pulse are the same as in Fig. 4 and in Fig. 5. The corresponding probability for uncorrelated pairs of doublons and holons on the cluster [see Eq. (C1)] is illustrated by the dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-dependent-occupation-function-i-o-defined-in-eq-27x2brgz.png FIG. 1. Time-dependent occupation function [I<(ω) defined in Eq. (15)] for U = 25, and (a) V = 0, (b) V = 3, (c) V = 6 within the Mott-gap region after a single-cycle photoexcitation with frequency ω = 20 (white dashed line). The lower (upper) Hubbard bands are indicated by LHB (UHB). The peaks labeled by (i) and (ii) correspond to photoemission processes from the photoexcited (nearest-neighbor) exciton as indicated by the sketch. While for V = 0 only the UHB is partially populated after the pulse, for V > 0 in-gap states appear immediately after the photoexcitation. Rough real-space sketches of dominant contributions with a nearest-neighbor exciton (second row left) illustrate the photoemission process (red arrow) corresponding to the signal (i) [removal of an electron from the exciton] and (ii) [removal of an electron which leaves the exciton intact]. The violet background in the sketches represents the corresponding wave functions. For V = 3 the excitonic states couple to the continuum of doublon-holon excitations which results in a fast decay. For V = 6 the excitonic states are isolated within the Mott gap, resulting in long-lived excitonic features in the occupation function. For all cases the duration of the probing pulse is set to tprobe = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-relaxation-time-tdec-of-pexc-versus-nearest-neighbor-p1i5l38d.png FIG. 6. (a) Relaxation time τdec of Pexc versus nearest-neighbor interaction V . (b) Measured exciton energy ωexc as a function of V . The gray dashed line shows the Mott gap Mott for U = 25 in the “AFM” regime. The red lines illustrate the energy cost for forming an exciton on a plaquette in the atomic limit (solid) and on an isolated dimer (dashed), as estimated by Eq. (8). The vertical dotted line indicates the value of V where the exciton shifts out of the doublon-holon continuum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-photodoped-and-chemically-doped-systems-3qvayy72.png FIG. 7. Comparison of photodoped and chemically doped systems: (a) Pexc and (c) PNNNexc vs double occupancy measured relative to the equilibrium half-field (Deq,hf ) case. The calculations are done for U = 25 at temperature T = 0.1. Different colors correspond to different values of the nearest-neighbor interaction V . Squares indicate the results of the nonequilibrium calculations, measured directly after the pulse, whereas dots represent equilibrium results for chemically doped systems. Panels (b) and (d) show the temperature dependence of these correlation functions. These results were obtained in equilibrium at half-filling using the DCA method and confirmed qualitatively by ED calculations (not shown). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-left-panel-illustration-of-a-2-x-2-cluster-in-real-6nf52emv.png FIG. 10. Left panel: illustration of a 2 × 2 cluster in real space for the square lattice. Right panel: corresponding reciprocal space with Nc = 4 patches. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-nearest-neighbor-excitonic-pexc-black-dots-eq-5-and-iejburws.png FIG. 2. Nearest-neighbor excitonic Pexc [black dots, Eq. (5)] and biexcitonic Pbexc [gray squares, Eq. (7)] correlation functions versus the nearest-neighbor interaction V at half-filling for U = 25 and temperature T = 0.1. The solid lines show the DCA results and the dashed lines ED data for an isolated plaquette with a renormalized V c at T = 0.1. The arrows indicate the V values for which results are plotted with the same colors in the other figures. https://scispace.com/papers/photoinduced-reversible-switching-of-porosity-in-molecular-3bgs1chkot 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-structural-properties-of-e4-1c-in-the-crystalline-3oobd9ab.png Fig. 2 | Structural properties of E4-1c in the crystalline state. (a) Molecular structure of E4-1c as observed in its crystals. The four azobenzene units are all equivalent by symmetry. (b) Interlocking of adjacent molecules along the c-axis direction (H atoms omitted for clarity). (c) Relative arrangement of molecular piles in crystalline E4-1c and representation of the empty channels extending along the c-axis direction. (d) Side view of a channel portion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-star-shaped-azobenzene-tetramers-and-their-1gqkpjx5.png Fig. 1 | Star-shaped azobenzene tetramers and their photochemical transformations. (a) Synthetic route and molecular formula of E4-1a–c and of model compound E-2. (b) MM3 Optimized molecular structure of the interconverting E/Z stereoisomers of 1. E- and Z-azobenzene units are colored in blue and red, respectively; peripheral substituents and hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-switching-of-gas-adsorption-properties-and-observation-3s8xpb0u.png Fig. 5 | Switching of gas adsorption properties and observation of CO2/N2 selectivity. (a) CO2 adsorption isotherms of E4-1c (red circles) and Z4-1c (orange circles) at 195 K. The inset shows the CO2 adsorption isotherms at 195 K of E4-1b (red diamonds), Z4-1b (orange diamonds), and the Z4-1b sample after heating at 160 °C for 2 hours (blue diamonds). (b) CO2 (circles) and N2 (diamonds) adsorption isotherms of E4-1c at 298 K (green) and 273 K (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-photochemical-and-thermal-stimulation-on-the-2mtaljtw.png Fig. 4 | Effect of photochemical and thermal stimulation on the 1c crystals. Polarizing optical photomicrographs of solid E4-1c under bright field (top) and cross-polarized (bottom) light illumination, before (a, b) and after (c, d) near-UV irradiation (330-380 nm) in a central spot (dashed line) for 10 min. (e, f) Recrystallization of the irradiated sample is observed upon thermal annealing at 160 °C for 20 min. Scale bar is 100 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-observation-of-the-photoisomerization-of-1c-in-a-thin-kyjs6xm5.png Fig. 3 | Observation of the photoisomerization of 1c in a thin solid film by XRPD and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. (a) XRPD patterns obtained before (I) and after 48 h (II) and 96 h (III) of irradiation of a drop casted film of E4-1c at 365 nm; the pattern calculated on the basis of single crystal data (IV) is also shown (for sake of clarity all patterns are expanded vertically). (b) Absorption spectra of a spin coated thin film of E4-1c before (I) and after (II) irradiation at 365 nm for 6 min (photostationary state); spectra taken at intermediate times are shown in light grey. Curve III is the spectrum obtained after heating the film at 130 °C for 10 min. (c) Absorption spectrum of a Z4-1c thin film before (I) and after (II) irradiation at 436 nm for 34 min (photostationary state); spectra taken at intermediate times are shown in light grey. Curve III (dashed line) is the spectrum obtained after heating the film at 130 °C for 10 min. https://scispace.com/papers/photoinduced-fluidity-and-viscoelasticity-in-chalcogenide-4wmppz92fr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-shear-relaxation-functions-2td9osik.png Table 1: Parameters of the shear relaxation functions. https://scispace.com/papers/photoinhibition-of-fefe-hydrogenase-1iuzmcc2o6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-possible-intermediates-formed-upon-35ibsg3f.png Figure 6. The possible intermediates formed upon photodissociation of an intrinsic CO. Irrespective of the initial 35e Hox or 36e Hred state, the first photoproduct could be Huns (= Hoxuns or Hreduns ) in which the proximal 1 or the distal 2 CO is photodissociated without further isomerization. Structure 3 is the most stable state and derives from the isomerization of 1 or 2 by moving the bridging CO in equatorial position. The protonation of the reduced form of 3 produces the μH+ dead-end species. https://scispace.com/papers/photoionization-study-of-kr-and-xe-ions-with-the-combined-2h7qgygv9z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-same-as-table-1-for-the-xe-ion-jvv28o1f.png Table 2. Same as table 1 for the Xe+ ion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-spectra-obtained-for-the-kr-ion-26sq2do3.png Figure 5: Comparison of the spectra obtained for the Kr+ ion using the merged-beam set-up (upper panel) and the FT-ICR ion trap at two different delays between the production of the ions inside the trap and their irradiation by synchrotron radiation: ∆t=0 (middle panel) and ∆t=520ms (lower panel). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-enlargement-of-the-photoionization-cross-section-t6mkis03.png Figure 3: Enlargement of the photoionization cross section for Kr+ ion close to thresholds recorded with an improved bandpass (mean value of 30 meV). The long vertical lines above the spectrum give the position of the np4 (n = 4) ionization thresholds for the ions in the np5 2P3/2 ground level and np 5 2P1/2 metastable level [30], and the short ones the position of the np4 1D2 md Rydberg series (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-variation-as-a-function-of-the-photon-energy-of-38es0rzj.png Figure 2: Variation as a function of the photon energy of photoionization cross sections measured with the merged-beam set-up for the Kr+ ion (upper panel) and the Xe+ ion (lower panel). The solid curves give the results of our MCDF calculations for the direct photoionization process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-same-legend-as-figure-3-for-xe-ion-n-5-and-a-mean-7lrvx0qh.png Figure 4: Same legend as figure 3 for Xe+ ion (n=5) and a mean BP = 25 meV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-the-spectra-obtained-for-the-xe-ion-yx2dsvca.png Figure 6: Comparison of the spectra obtained for the Xe+ ion using the merged-beam set-up (upper panel) and the FT-ICR ion trap (lower panel). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-energy-quantum-defect-and-assigment-of-the-rydberg-c4d4xyg8.png Table 1. Energy, quantum defect and assigment of the Rydberg series obtained using equation (4) for the Kr+ ion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-a-typical-cycle-used-10eg1u9p.png Figure 1: Schematic representation of a typical cycle used with the FT-ICR trap for the measurements at one photon energy. In this example, the target ions are first produced by 25 eV electron ionization of a gas pulse and, after a delay of 300 ms, further ionized during 1.1 second by synchrotron light pulse. https://scispace.com/papers/photoluminescence-of-se-related-oxygen-deficient-center-in-1bi8wrf6zl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-resolved-pl-spectra-of-the-sio2-se-films-at-2e44nfx2.png Fig. 2. Time-resolved PL spectra of the SiO2:Se+ films at helium (a) and room (b) temperatures recorded under 13.2 eV excitation. The fast and slow components of PL spectra have been normalized to compare their shape. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-effects-of-registration-temperature-and-additional-31hdm5d1.png Fig. 4. The effects of registration temperature and additional air annealing on the shape drastically vanishes the 3.4 eV band. (For interpretation of the references to color in th https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pl-decay-kinetics-for-the-3-4-ev-band-of-sio2-se-film-37m27uo1.png Fig. 3. PL decay kinetics for the 3.4 eV band of SiO2:Se+ film at room temperature under 13 eV excitation. The time windows (“fast” and “slow”) chosen for timeresolved spectra acquisition are shown. The SR excitation pulse is drawn for comparison. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-energy-scheme-of-the-seodc-center-involving-singlet-s1-2my1jfp3.png Fig. 7. Energy scheme of the SeODC center, involving singlet (S1, S0) and triplet (T1) excited states. Possible intermediate excited states (either defect or matrix-related) are presented. 1, 2, 3—optical excitation; 4—high-barrier transition; 5—low-barrier transition; 6, 7—radiative relaxation. The most active excitation path includes VUV irradiation with silica excitons generation, energy transfer to the high excited states and final triplet–singlet transition (marked by red color). Both direct and indirect ways of excitation of S1 singlet state are not efficient. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-integrated-pl-spectra-of-sio2-se-films-annealed-2usjrlkn.png Fig. 1. Time-integrated PL spectra of SiO2:Se+ films annealed at T¼900 1C in N2 atmosphere registered under 13 eV excitation. Deconvoluted Gaussian components are denoted by dashed lines. A reference spectrum of SiO2:Sn+ film (annealed at T¼900 1C in N2) is shown by black line. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-comparison-of-the-pl-excitation-spectra-for-393hdyp9.png Fig. 5. The comparison of the PL excitation spectra for triplet bands of Ge- [10], Sn[2] and Se-related ODC in ion-implanted silica films. The figure demonstrates a tendency of falling direct excitation intensity in the row GeODC-SnODC-SeODC. Contrary, the 10–12 eV PLE band arise in the spectra of tin and selenium implanted samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-correlation-between-ionic-radius-and-corresponding-371rb17x.png Fig. 6. The correlation between ionic radius and corresponding triplet photoluminescence energy for the known isoelectronic series of Si-, Ge- and SnODC along with possible IV-coordinated and under coordinated hexavalent selenium (¼ €Se¼ ). Se(VI) is close to the main correlation trend, both by spectral position and ionic radius. https://scispace.com/papers/photoluminescence-properties-of-al3gdb4o12-eu-phosphors-5ek8j9ltwa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ple-spectra-in-the-vuv-visible-region-d2-lamp-was-used-2vxfuis4.png Fig. 3. PLE spectra in the VUV-visible region. D2 lamp was used for 110–300 nm and Xe lamp was used for longer wavelengths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pl-spectrum-of-al3gdb4o12-phosphor-under-274-nm-uv-3t0cvi05.png Fig. 2. PL spectrum of Al3GdB4O12 phosphor under 274 nm UV excitation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tg-dta-analysis-of-al3gdb4o12-phosphor-synthesis-1zsh05kl.png Fig. 1. TG/DTA analysis of Al3GdB4O12 phosphor synthesis. https://scispace.com/papers/photometric-study-of-three-ultrashort-period-contact-1565cefpjn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-observed-and-fitted-curves-for-the-three-uspcbs-the-nd7okix4.png Fig. 1.— Observed and fitted curves for the three USPCBs. The color points denote the observed data with different filters. Blue denotes B filter; green denotes V filter; orange denotes R filter; red denotes I filter. The black solid lines are the theoretical fittings, with the modeling of dark spots. The dashed lines are the best-fit results without including any spots. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-28-well-studied-uspcbs-341j0ch1.png Table 6: 28 well-studied USPCBs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-semi-major-axis-corrections-for-the-deep-uspcbs-3ny82zg2.png Table 7: Semi-major axis corrections for the deep USPCBs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fitting-residuals-of-light-curves-for-the-uspcbs-the-3l55q69i.png Fig. 4.— Fitting residuals of light curves for the USPCBs. The colors denote the same meaning as the Fig 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cool-spot-elements-based-on-the-spotted-light-curve-2edceplg.png Table 4: Cool spot elements based on the spotted light curve solutions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-unspotted-photometric-solutions-for-the-three-uspcbs-1sgaxuay.png Table 5: Unspotted photometric solutions for the three USPCBs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-observed-differential-colors-for-the-three-uspcbs-blue-1xc6n5or.png Fig. 5.— Observed differential colors for the three USPCBs. Blue denotes ∆(B-V); orange denotes ∆(V-R); red denotes ∆(V-I); magenta denotes ∆(R-I). The solid lines are yielded by the W-D program. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-night-to-night-light-curve-variation-of-2vxbcuen.png Fig. 3.— The night-to-night light curve variation of 1SWASPJ030749.87−365201.7. The red data points were observed on the night of 2014-11-24 with the I filter, while the blue data points were observed on the night of 2014-11-25 with the same filter. We add four times of P0 (0.2266712 day) to the red points. However, this two parts of light curves do not join well. Moreover, a changing of depths of minima is clearly seen. This phenomenon could be caused by variations of the presented cool spots. https://scispace.com/papers/photometric-methods-for-stellar-parameter-determinations-g6de3hbyql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-uvby-passbands-of-crawford-green-cousins-red-1f5r5qrr.png Figure 2. The uvby passbands of Crawford (green), Cousins (red) and Olsen (black). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-passbands-of-some-broadband-and-intermediate-jkw8gxpz.png Figure 1. The passbands of some broadband and intermediate-band systems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-designed-passbands-of-the-skymapper-survey-sdss-1n6i5xq8.png Figure 4. The designed passbands of the SkyMapper Survey. SDSS are in black. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-metal-line-blanketing-for-two-different-90ogfd9o.png Figure 3. The metal-line blanketing for two different temperature dwarfs. https://scispace.com/papers/photoluminescence-properties-of-red-emitting-mn2-activated-3oaw601tul 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-relationship-between-unit-cell-volume-of-ca1-c3osw8ec.png Figure 4. The relationship between unit cell volume of Ca1-xMnxAlSiN3 and the x value. The value for MnAlSiN3 (i.e. x = 1, JCPDS : 50-0749) is taken from Ref. 44. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-diffuse-reflection-spectra-of-ca1-xmnxalsin3-0-2gtl7tot.png Figure 5. The diffuse reflection spectra of Ca1-xMnxAlSiN3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-excitation-and-emission-spectra-of-ca1-xmnxalsin3-0-3l7153rv.png Figure 8. Excitation and emission spectra of Ca1-xMnxAlSiN3 (0.005 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-temperature-dependence-of-the-relative-emission-rlu5xzxr.png Figure 10. Temperature dependence of the relative emission intensity of Ca1-xMnxAlSiN3 (x = 0.05) and commercial YAG : Ce3+. The inset shows the relative emission intensity of CaAlSiN3 : Mn2+ (5 at%) compared to the commercial red-emitting phosphor CaAlSiN3 : Eu2+ (LP-N640) under the same conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-relative-emission-intensity-of-ca1-xmnxalsin3-0-005-2nl5umcg.png Figure 9. Relative emission intensity of Ca1-xMnxAlSiN3 (0.005 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) samples as a function of the Mn2+ doping concentration under the excitation wavelength of 451 and 332 nm. The inset shows the change of the ratio between the luminescence intensities of these two emission bands (627 vs. 548 nm) under the excitation wavelength of 451, 383 and 332 nm with increasing Mn2+ concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-crystal-structure-of-caalsin3-and-the-coordination-tt8d9ykr.png Figure 1. Crystal structure of CaAlSiN3, and the coordination environment of Ca, Al/Si atoms, as well as Ca-N, Al/Si-N distances (Å) in CaAlSiN3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-powder-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-of-mn-doped-2cclfqdp.png Figure 3. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns of Mn-doped CaAlSiN3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-x-ray-absorption-near-edge-structure-xanes-5o4fgsq9.png Figure 2. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra of Mn2+ in CaAlSiN3, and the standard samples MnO and MnO2. https://scispace.com/papers/photometric-variability-and-rotation-in-magnetic-white-2pz77sxbq7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-rotation-period-versus-intrinsic-physical-37y1xm6p.png FIGURE 5. Rotation period versus intrinsic physical properties of magnetic white dwarfs - a) magnetic field strength, b) temperature, c) mass, and d) age. The crosses include targets from [1, 2]. Information on the physical parameters was obtained from [1, 6, 15, 16, 17]. The filled circles are the best fit periods for G240-72 (P=56 days) and G227-28 (P=16 days). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-grw-70-8247-differential-light-curve-over-22-months-312uibch.png FIGURE 4. Grw+70◦8247 differential light curve over 22 months of observations betweenMarch 2005 and January 2007. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-differential-light-curves-of-g-227-28-left-panel-3r5yoe2a.png FIGURE 3. Differential light curves of G 227-28.Left panel: Target differential light curve.Right panel: Differential light curve of the comparison stars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-differential-light-curves-of-g-240-72-left-panel-2f24efbe.png FIGURE 1. Differential light curves of G 240-72.Left panel: Target differential light curve.Right panel: Differential light curve of the comparison stars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-panel-clean-periodogram-for-g-240-72-two-peaks-39y7dr8d.png FIGURE 2. Left panel: CLEAN periodogram for G 240-72. Two peaks are detected in the CLEAN periodogram at 56.3± 2 days (0.01776 cycles/day) and 16.3±0.2 days (0.06135 cycles/day). Left panel inset: Fourier transform of the window function. Right panel: Scargle periodogram for G240-72. The two peaks are also seen in the Scargle periodogram, although there are many other features. https://scispace.com/papers/photolysis-of-pyruvic-acid-in-ice-possible-relevance-to-co-3djll5m6e3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-solid-trace-left-axis-co2-released-in-the-l-313-nm-1mgndfmp.png Figure 1. Solid trace (left axis), CO2 released in the l 313 nm photolysis of frozen, deareated aqueous pyruvic acid (4 mL, 100mM, pH 1.0) solutions. CO2 is released during the initial 60-min irradiation period and also in the postillumination stage. Additional CO2 is liberated upon thawing. Dashed trace (right axis), sample temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-open-triangle-experimental-first-order-rate-2ok3ufvw.png Figure 3. (Open triangle) Experimental first-order rate constants kD for the release of CO2 from previously photolyzed frozen pyruvic acid solutions. Solid trace: log (kD/s 1) = 1.08–1191/T. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-open-triangle-a-zoom-of-postirradiation-co2-data-1xzx9nvy.png Figure 2. (Open triangle) A zoom of postirradiation CO2 data from the experiment of Figure 1. Solid trace: (CO2) =A + B (1 exp( kD t); A = 0.304 mM; B= 0.167 mM; kD = 9.307 10 3 min 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-solid-inverted-triangle-differences-between-co2-rbr8al34.png Figure 7. (Solid inverted triangle) Differences between CO2 (ppmv) readings from Greenland (Eurocore, GRIP) and Antarctic (South Pole, D47, D57) ice core records (right axis) versus date (Anklin et al., 1995). (Open triangle) Differences between CO (ppbv) readings from Greenland (Eurocore, GRIP) relative to the constant value (89 ppbv) for the period 1640–1870 AD, (left axis) versus date [Haan and Raynaud, 1998]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-co2-released-in-the-photolysis-of-frozen-deareated-3p02q9iq.png Figure 4. CO2 released in the photolysis of frozen, deareated aqueous pyruvic acid (4 mL, 100 mM, pH 1.0) solutions as function of temperature. (Open triangle) Immediately after photolysis; (Open circle) before sample thawing; (Open inverted triangle) after sample thawing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-symbols-and-solid-traces-right-axis-co2-fractions-xkkqxl3u.png Figure 5. Symbols and solid traces (right axis), CO2 fractions released immediately after (open triangle) 60 min photolysis of frozen, deareated aqueous pyruvic acid (4 mL, 100 mM, pH 1.0) and (open inverted triangle) 15 min photolysis of frozen, deareated aqueous benzoylformic acid (4 mL, 10 mM, pH 1.0). Dashed trace (left axis), sample temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-co2-released-during-irradiation-of-deareated-l4xxz9hy.png Figure 6. CO2 released during irradiation of deareated aqueous pyruvic acid (4 mL, 100 mM, pH 1.0) doped with TEMPO frozen at 253 K. (Open triangle) without TEMPO; (solid diamond) (TEMPO) = 0.253 mM; (open circle) (TEMPO) = 0.994mM; (open square) (TEMPO) = 2.403mM. Although TEMPO partially inhibits PA photolysis in water in this concentration range [Guzmán et al., 2006b], it has no effect on PA photolysis in ice. https://scispace.com/papers/photomixing-in-topological-insulator-hgte-cdte-quantum-wells-58supsv1e8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temperature-dependent-critical-electric-field-at-1ci81tum.png FIG. 3. Temperature dependent critical electric field at various chemical potential for J(3)(d)/J(1)¼ 10 5, x¼ 100 THz, x3¼ 200 THz, and d¼ 1 THz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-ratio-of-the-third-order-nonlinear-optical-2ztzz4ue.png FIG. 2. The ratio of the third order nonlinear optical response to the linear optical response versus tuning frequency d at various chemical potentials and at zero temperature. The electric field is 104V/cm, and the frequency photons are x¼ 100 THz, x3¼ 200 THz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-temperature-dependent-third-order-current-at-various-11ysbrtg.png FIG. 1. Temperature dependent third order current at various chemical potentials. The electric field is 104V/cm, and the frequency photons are x¼ 100 THz, x3¼ 200 THz. https://scispace.com/papers/photon-counting-statistics-using-a-digital-oscilloscope-2xp74h8swp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-used-for-the-photon-counting-yef9gt4v.png Fig. 1. Experimental setup used for the photon counting experiment of a pseudo-thermal light source. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-typical-time-trace-picturing-the-intensity-dl25cu14.png Fig. 2. Typical time trace picturing the intensity fluctuations expressed in mV of the pseudo-thermal light source; Tc 20 ms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-frequency-of-n-0-1-and-2-photons-versus-for-the-data-2sj6wrl5.png Fig. 8. Frequency of n=0, 1, and 2 photons versus for the data of the Poisson experiment. The theoretical prediction of Poisson statistics fits the experiment data but not the theoretical prediction of Bose-Einstein statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-between-p0-and-pat-for-a-the-bose-einstein-2wfxqrsr.png Fig. 9. Comparison between P0 and Pat for a the Bose-Einstein experiment. b The proportionality present in b reaffirms the Poisson behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-bose-einstein-distribution-b-poisson-distribution-2akm9yp4.png Fig. 6. a Bose-Einstein distribution. b Poisson distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-frequency-of-n-0-1-and-2-photons-versus-the-time-1tdoby79.png Fig. 7. Frequency of n=0, 1, and 2 photons versus the time window size for the data of the Bose-Einstein experiment I. The theoretical prediction of Bose-Einstein statistics fits the experiment data but not the theoretical pre- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-typical-screen-shot-of-the-oscilloscope-in-photon-2su3709k.png Fig. 4. a Typical screen shot of the oscilloscope in photon counting mode, with RL=50 and T=2 s. b Statistics of the height of the photocounts. The noise contribution is mostly separated from the photocounts peaks, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-unique-photocount-a-rl-50-for-the-bose-einstein-3jgwhemg.png Fig. 5. A unique photocount. a RL=50 for the Bose-Einstein experiment: b RL=4.7 k for the Poisson experiment. https://scispace.com/papers/photon-conversion-and-interaction-on-chip-3bf07r4tpy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-integrated-tfln-circuits-for-photon-conversion-and-nmz8uj6o.png FIG. 1. Integrated TFLN circuits for photon conversion and interaction. (a) Schematic of the Z-cut periodically poled microring, where the pump of ωp and signal of ωs couple into the microring and generate the SF light of ωf via a χ (2) process. A pulley coupler is designed for over coupling all light waves, for high photon extraction efficiency. Insets illustrate triply resonant and quasi-phase matching conditions. (b) and (c) are the SEM images of the etched pulley coupler before poling process and the periodic poled microring after removing the poling electrodes, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-state-of-the-art-frequency-conversion-in-kh-2-1dlrdhud.png TABLE I. The state-of-the-art frequency conversion in χ(2) and χ(3) cavities. ηcon: conversion efficiency by photon number; FWM-BS: four-wave mixing Bragg scattering; DFWM: degenerate four-wave mixing. Ql lists the loaded quality factors for the pump, signal and SF waves in the case of FWM-BS, DFWM, and SFG, and the pump and second-harmonic waves in the case of SHG. This table only includes those whose conversion efficiency is over 10%. Note: a recent arxiv preprint reported SHG of ηcon = 33% [18]. According to its reported normalized efficiency of 602%/mW, the required pump power shall be Pp = 16 66% https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-quantum-efficiency-eqe-versus-the-intracavity-mean-7c5vn4st.png FIG. 4. Quantum efficiency ηQE versus the intracavity mean pump photon number. Detector dark counts of 250 Hz have been subtracted, and the coupling loss of 4.75 dB and detector efficiency of 50% have been accounted for. Inset is an zoom-in to shown a quantum effciency of ηQE = 10 −5 is achieved at one intracavity pump photon (corresponding to photon flux Np = 2.8 GHz), where the intracavity signal photon number is fixed at 0.25 (corresponding to photon flux Ns = 0.7 GHz). Solid red line represents the simulated results using the actual parameters of the microring with only one free parameter g = 9.1 MHz, fitted with the coupled-mode equations (see Supplementary Material A). All error bars are estimated assuming Poissonian photon counting statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sfg-efficiency-eqe-left-axis-red-square-and-the-lpm999w3.png FIG. 3. SFG efficiency ηQE (left-axis, red square) and the generated noise photon flux Nnoise(right-axis, black square) plotted against the on-chip pump power. ηQE = 65% is obtained at the pump power around 100 µW. Solid red curve represents the prediction of the coupled mode equations (see Supplementary Material A) using the actual parameters of the microring with only one fitting parameter: g = 8.2 MHz. Solid black line is fitted to the pump power P as Nnoise ∼ P 2.4. The error bars in left-axis and x-axis are estimated according to coupling instability. The error bar of noise photon in rightaxis is estimated by uncertainty assuming Poissonian photon counting statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-optical-spectra-of-the-interacting-tm00-cavity-modes-26ppjxi5.png FIG. 2. (a) Optical spectra of the interacting TM00 cavity modes at (i) 1560.15 nm, (ii) 1551.85 nm, and (iii) 778.00 nm, respectively. (b) Illustration of possible parametric conversion processes in the microring. (c) Original optical spectrum before any optical filtering when strong pump and weak signal are applied. In high conversion region, signal starts to be depleted. Insert gives the zoom-in spectrum around the SF band. After correcting for the coupling loss, the on-chip power of pump, signal and SF waves are -13.8 dBm, -44.3 dBm and -44.0 dBm, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-illustration-of-a-tfln-integrated-photonic-circuit-for-3d5z9wp0.png FIG. 5. Illustration of a TFLN integrated photonic circuit for heralded entanglement generation. https://scispace.com/papers/photon-path-distributions-in-turbid-media-applications-for-436ebnkhp5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimentally-determined-weight-functions-for-25wzeyh9.png Fig. 3 . Experimentally determined weight functions for absorption coefficient (panel (a)) and reduced scattering coefficient (janel (b)). The gray levels are quantified by the palettes, and the meaning of x and y axes, as well as the positions of source and detector, are the same as in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geometry-of-the-problem-of-tomographic-reconstruction-2l73y3qf.png Fig. 1. Geometry of the problem of tomographic reconstruction of the space region Q. (x,y) are the rectangular coordinates, whereas (r,4) are the polar coordinates. L is the straight linejoining source and detector. K is the line through the origin (0) orthogonal to L in P. The coordinates £ = OP and oc = POX define the line L and hence the source-detector configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-a-small-totally-absorbing-defect-3-mm-in-15vgtlzo.png Fig. 2. Effect of a small totally absorbing defect (3 mm in diameter) scanned in the x-y plane on the measured DC (panels (a) and (d)), AC (panels (b) and (e)), and phase (panels (c) and (f)) at 120 MHzmodulation frequency. Source and detector (not shown) are located respectively in (-2,0) and (2,0), and are deeply immersed in a strongly scattering medium (a°03 cm1, I.Ls'=l9 cm1). The gray level at each point (x,y) corresponds to the value of the plotted quantity relative to the case in which the defect is located in that point (x,y). The left panels are theoretical predictions for 61)C (panel (a)), AC (Pa (b)), and (janel (c)). The right panels are experimental results for 8DC (panel (d)), EAC https://scispace.com/papers/photon-density-waves-scattered-from-cylindrical-3owl3tkckk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cylinder-and-background-recovered-optical-properties-3m2q7uku.png Table 2. Cylinder and Background Recovered Optical Properties https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sample-fits-to-experimental-data-are-presented-for-a-0-312hi2y9.png Fig. 3. Sample fits to experimental data are presented for a 0.5-cm-radius cylinder of material type A2 ~Table 1!. The open squares and the filled diamonds represent the ac and the phase measurements, respectively. The theory is represented by the solid and the dotted curves for ac and phase predictions. The experimental parameters are given in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-the-precision-of-optical-property-3d2jdbkd.png Fig. 4. Comparison of the precision of optical property recovery for different sized cylinders. As the radius of each cylinder decreases, the object’s absorption coefficient cannot be determined independently from its radius. Open squares represent the best fit to experimental data by varying the absorption coefficient ma at different assumed cylinder radii. Filled triangles represent the goodness of fit as measured by the reduced x2 ~DACmeas 5 0.2%, DPhasemeas 5 0.1°!. ~a! True cylinder radius, 0.75 cm. The dotted curve represents an approximation of the absorption versus the radius ~}r21.67! normalized to the value of ma at the true radius ~r 5 0.75 6 0.02 cm!. ~b! True cylinder radius, 0.5 cm. The dotted curve represents an approximation of the absorption versus the radius ~}r21.34! normalized to the value of ma at the true radius ~r 5 0.5 6 0.1 cm!. ~c! True cylinder radius, 0.25 cm. The dotted curve represents an approximation of the absorption versus the radius ~}r20.97! normalized to the value of ma at the true radius. Owing to the small radius of this cylinder, the true radius cannot be determined independently from the absorption coefficient. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-best-fit-of-the-analytical-solution-to-measured-data-326b4j7m.png Fig. 5. Best fit of the analytical solution to measured data varying ma, ms9, n, and radius. Filled squares represent the best-fit radius of each cylinder plotted versus the true radius. Recovered values of the cylinder optical properties can be compared with the values in Table 1. The values for the largest cylinders are recovered most accurately. As the cylinder radius decreases, the size and the optical properties of each cylinder are separated less accurately. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-fresnel-reflections-on-measured-ac-and-phase-1w2q2z06.png Fig. 6. Effect of Fresnel reflections on measured ac and phase. The index of refraction mismatch between background and cylinder media is nbackground 5 1.33 versus nobject 5 1.45. The infinite cylinder is centered between the source and the detector, which are separated by 5.0 cm. The background medium absorption and the scattering coefficients are ma 5 0.1 cm 21 and ms9 5 10 cm 21, whereas the absorption and the scattering coefficients of the cylinder vary ~0.01 cm21 , ma , 0.2 cm 21, 5 cm21 , ms9 , 20 cm 21!. ~a! Perturbation in measured ac intensity due to Fresnel reflections. As the cylinder becomes more ~less! transparent than the background medium, the measured ac intensity is increased ~decreased! owing to Fresnel reflections. ~b! Difference in measured phase caused by Fresnel boundary conditions. This phase lag increases as the absorption coefficient of the cylinder decreases, reaching a maximum value of 0.5° when ma 5 0.01 cm 21. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-helmholtz-equation-solved-in-cylindrical-coordinates-3rdbwpp2.png Fig. 1. Helmholtz equation solved in cylindrical coordinates with the origin at the object center. The source is positioned on the x axis ~fs 5 0, rs 5 rs, and zs 5 0!, and the axis of the infinite cylinder is along the z axis ~coming out of the page!. Sample contours of equal phase of the incoming spherical wave are shown before interaction with the cylinder. The radius of the cylinder is a and the vector pointing to the detector is rd ~fd, rd, and zd!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-differences-in-experimental-data-generated-by-q19f8aq0.png Fig. 7. Differences in experimental data generated by differentsized cylinders. Simulated experimental data are generated for the source–detector geometry shown in Fig. 2 with a cylinder of radius rtrue ~background: ma 5 0.1 cm 21, ms9 5 10 cm 21, nbackground 5 1.33; object: ma 5 0.2 cm 21, ms9 5 10 cm 21, nobject 5 1.33!. These data are then fit with the theoretical model by our varying the absorption coefficient of a single cylinder in the same position with an assumed radius rfitted. We then make a simple evaluation of the differences between the theoretical model ~assumed radius! and the simulated data ~true radius! by calculating the reduced x2. ~a! Lines of reduced x2 5 0.3, 3, and 30 for our experimental conditions. Here the size of cylinders with a radius larger than 0.4 cm can be determined with increasing accuracy as the radius rtrue increases. ~b! Simulated data generated as in ~a! by our adding an index of refraction mismatch between the background medium and the object ~nbackground 5 1.33; nobject 5 1.45!. These data are then fitted as in ~a!. The effect of the object’s different index of refraction is a decrease in the required signal-to-noise ratio for accurate recovery of a cylinder’s size and optical properties as the true radius of the cylinder decreases to smaller than 0.4 cm. The index of refraction mismatch allows the placement of a limit on the recovered size and optical properties of cylinders with radii below 0.3 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cylinder-and-background-measured-optical-properties-nbn8sct0.png Table 1. Cylinder and Background Measured Optical Properties https://scispace.com/papers/photon-photon-interaction-in-axial-channeling-4333e5jzu2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-deformed-contour-of-integration-in-the-complex-plane-34s6zm1p.png FIG. 4. Deformed contour of integration in the complex plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-doyle-turner-potential-and-a-cut-off-coulomb-potential-3lt9f284.png FIG. 2. Doyle-Turner potential and a cut-off Coulomb potential; see text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-squared-s-matrix-in-dependence-of-4-see-text-fig-6-3t2x71mc.png FIG. 5. Squared S matrix in dependence of 4; See text. FIG. 6. Dependence of @ on photon energy o; incident angle $= 1 prad. https://scispace.com/papers/photon-pressure-induced-test-mass-deformation-in-1m9y6xfisa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-result-of-the-long-duration-photon-pressure-5nu9865d.png Figure 4. Result of the long duration photon pressure actuator injections over a wide frequency range. The pink dashed line represents the photon pressure actuator response without taking test mass deformation in account. The green solid line indicates the photon pressure actuator response taking the test mass deformation into account. The actual measurement of the response is displayed by the blue circles. The presence of the expected notch structure and by this the non-rigidity of the test masses in the detection band of the gravitational wave is clearly confirmed by the measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-used-for-calculating-the-photon-pressure-1kfc2e63.png Table 1. Parameters used for calculating the photon-pressure-induced test mass deformation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-arrangement-for-measurements-with-the-3r6594st.png Figure 1. Experimental arrangement for measurements with the photon pressure actuator. M, far mirror in the north building of the GEO 600 detector. Illumination of this mirror with light from the laser diode produces a differential arm-length change that is measured at the main output of the interferometer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-radial-profile-of-the-test-mass-deformation-3muj0ywm.png Figure 2. Radial profile of the test mass deformation originating from a force continuously applied with a Gaussian distribution over a radius of 2.5 mm around the center of the test mass. For the analysis a GEO 600 standard test mass was used (18 cm diameter, 10 cm thickness, made of fused silica (Suprasil)). Shown are the results of two finite element analysis. The result produced by the ANSYS software is represented by the blue dashed-dotted line, while the COMSOL software produced the orange dashed line. An analytical calculation is indicated by the solid green line. The corresponding effective displacements (see table 2) agree within 10% for all three results. (Explanation is given in the text.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-the-three-different-calculations-of-the-3rqbv39h.png Table 2. Results of the three different calculations of the photon-pressure-induced test mass deformation. The three values for the effective displacement agree to within 10% and the resulting notch frequencies (see section 3) match within 5%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simple-model-for-the-photon-pressure-calibrator-2smd5ya3.png Figure 3. Simple model for the photon pressure calibrator taking into account the responses from the pendulum and from the mirror deformation effect (analytical). The pendulum response follows a 1/f 2-law and is 180◦ out of phase from the photon pressure excitation. The mirror deformation has a flat response and is in phase with the photon pressure actuation. If both responses are added a notch appears at the frequency where both responses have equal size. The purple trace shows the expected discrepancy between the calibrations with and without accounting for the test mass deformation. https://scispace.com/papers/photon-waiting-time-distributions-a-keyhole-into-dissipative-3ntj0qe33m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-pdf-of-time-intervals-between-quantum-jumps-for-38jhtnj4.png FIG. 5. (a) PDF of time intervals between quantum jumps for selected parameter values, A = 0.1, T = 1 (blue), A = 2.0, T = 20 (cyan), and A = 4.8, T = 48 (green), cf. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-largest-lyapunov-exponent-as-a-function-of-amplitude-a-23inv70o.png FIG. 3. Largest Lyapunov exponent as a function of amplitude A and period T of the modulations for the model system in (a) the mean-field and (b) quantum versions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-convergence-of-finite-time-les-to-their-asymptotic-3vtlyz20.png FIG. 2. Convergence of finite time LEs to their asymptotic values, λ = 0 (regular dynamics) and λ ≈ 0.08 (chaotic regime). Three individual trajectories are used in each case. Exponents are calculated by using, first, ξ(t) as an observable, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bifurcation-diagrams-and-largest-lyapunov-exponent-for-dgn1btue.png FIG. 1. Bifurcation diagrams and largest Lyapunov exponent for the model system as functions of the modulation amplitude A in the classical (a) and quantum (b) cases. The color-coded probability distributions for Re(ξ) are normalized so https://scispace.com/papers/photonic-bandgap-fiber-with-multiple-hollow-cores-3cywtmp6w9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-structural-parameters-of-the-waveguides-mrh6xfwe.png TABLE I STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS OF THE WAVEGUIDES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-transmission-through-one-of-the-outer-cores-of-the-31lkhzej.png Figure 4. Transmission through one of the outer cores of the fiber with light coupled into the measured core and then the three surrounding cores. Only detector noise can be seen when light is coupled into cores other than the measured core. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-attenuation-spectrum-of-one-of-the-outer-cores-of-yf15qms0.png Figure 5: Attenuation Spectrum of one of the outer cores of the multicore HCPBGF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-scanning-electron-micrograph-of-the-multicore-34tgcaao.png Figure 1. A scanning electron micrograph of the multicore hollow core photonic crystal fiber. Six hollow core waveguides surround a seventh structure at the center of the fiber. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-transmission-spectrum-of-six-of-the-hollow-core-30vii2nd.png Figure 3: The transmission spectrum of six of the hollow core waveguides in the multicore HCPBGF. The central core is plotted with a solid black line, and differs most from the others, as might be expected from looking at the micrograph shown in Fig. 1. The other lines are the surrounding outer waveguides. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-schematic-of-the-setup-used-for-the-optical-f28riwtu.png Figure 2. A schematic of the setup used for the optical characterization of the multicore HCPBGF. Light is generated using a supercontinuum (SC) light source. The SC fiber is butt coupled to the HCPBGF. Due to the similar core sizes this configuration enables clean excitation of single core in the multicore fiber. A CCD camera is used for identifying the cores, and a large mode area fiber in the image plane of the near field is used to spatially filter the output from each core. The spectrum is measured using an Ando AQ-6315B Optical Spectrum Analyzer. https://scispace.com/papers/photonic-band-structure-of-1d-periodic-composite-system-with-w5l4y1rzt1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-projected-photonic-band-structure-of-a-vacuum-lhm-20ixbqc5.png Figure 3. Projected photonic band structure of a vacuum-LHM superlattice for different values of F = 0.3 (a), 0.4 (b), 0.6 (c) and 0.82 (d). The filling fraction of vacuum d1/D = 0.5. The straight dashed line is the vacuum light line and the heavy solid line defined by equation α2 = 0, separate the region of propagating and evanescent waves in LHM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-same-as-in-figure-3-for-different-values-of-opd-c-5-2zu71pj5.png Figure 7. Same as in Figure 3 for different values of ωpD/c = 5 (a), 8 (b), 12 (c) and 15 (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dispersion-curves-of-confined-te-optical-modes-in-3mmg7f47.png Figure 2. Dispersion curves of confined TE optical modes in LHM layer of thickness d = 0.5D sandwiched between vacuum for different values of parameters F , ω0 and ωp. The straight lines show the light lines of vacuum (dashed line) and of the LHM layer (full line). The reduced frequency Ω = ωD/c is presented as function of the reduced wave vector K// = k//d parallel to the layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variation-of-the-photonic-band-structure-of-a-3mrvga4q.png Figure 6. Variation of the photonic band structure of a vacuum-LHM superlattice versus ω0D/c for different values of K// = 0 (a), 2 (b), 4 (c) and 6 (d). The filling fraction of vacuum d1/D=0.5. The heavy solid line is the light line in LHM layer. The straight dashed line is the reduced electric plasma frequency ωpD/c = 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-same-as-in-figure-3-for-different-values-of-o0d-c-3-ge9324sg.png Figure 5. Same as in Figure 3 for different values of ω0D/c = 3 (a), 6 (b), 8 (c) and 12 (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagram-of-infinite-superlattice-composed-by-1uet4qzi.png Figure 1. Diagram of infinite superlattice composed by alternating two layers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-superposition-of-the-projected-photonic-band-1w9m343e.png Figure 11. Superposition of the projected photonic band structure of two superlattices sketched in Fig. 9 and Fig. 10. The grey and the black heavy solid lines are, respectively, the light lines in superlattices 1 et 2. The dashed straight lines show the widths of the gaps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-photonic-band-structure-of-the-second-vacuumlhm-2ghjy9ot.png Figure 10. Photonic band structure of the second vacuumLHM infinite superlattice. d1 = 0.6D, d2 = 0.4D, F4 = 0.75, ω04D/c = 4 and ωp4D/c = 10. The straight dashed line is the vacuum light line and the heavy solid line is the light line of LHM layer. https://scispace.com/papers/photonic-bands-and-radiation-losses-in-photonic-crystal-52x1drsikb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dispersion-of-photonic-modes-a-in-a-membrane-photonic-2yq9wm8i.png Fig. 1. Dispersion of photonic modes a) in a membrane photonic crystal slab with Ecore ¼ 12, Eclad ¼ 1, and b) in the corresponding effective waveguide. The membrane is patterned with a triangular lattice of holes with pitch a and radius r ¼ 0:3a. The core thickness is d ¼ 0:4a. Filled (open) circles: even (odd) modes with respect to specular reflection in the mid-plane of the waveguide. The dotted lines represent the dispersion of light in the effective core and cladding materials https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-imaginary-part-of-the-energy-for-the-lowest-dipole-29pcobpg.png Fig. 4. Imaginary part of the energy for the lowest dipole-allowed even mode at the G point in photonic crystal waveguides patterned with a triangular lattice of holes of pitch a, as a function of (a) the cladding dielectric constant, at fixed hole radius r ¼ 0:3a, and (b) the hole radius, for Eclad ¼ 1. The core thickness is d ¼ 0:3a in both cases https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-three-dimensional-plot-of-the-complex-energies-of-1cyepnmz.png Fig. 3. Three-dimensional plot of the complex energies of photonic modes in a photonic crystal slab with Ecore ¼ 12, Eclad ¼ 1. The membrane is patterned with a triangular lattice of holes of pitch a and radius r ¼ 0:3a. The core thickness is d ¼ 0:3a. Solid curves represent the photonic mode dispersion (real part of the energy), while points represent the imaginary part (z-axis) of the energy related to radiation losses. Only even modes are plotted. The dashes lines represent the light dispersion in air https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-gap-maps-for-the-triangular-lattice-of-air-holes-in-rc41gr5i.png Fig. 2. Gap maps for the triangular lattice of air holes in photonic crystal waveguides with a) strong and b) weak refractive index contrast between core and cladding. The waveguides are patterned with a triangular lattice of pitch a and variable hole radius. The core thickness is d ¼ 0:4a in both cases. Solid (dashed) lines represent the edges of photonic gaps for modes which are even (odd) with respect to specular reflection in the mid-plane of the waveguide https://scispace.com/papers/photonic-crystal-spatial-filtering-in-broad-aperture-diode-4w18olvtue 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-illustration-of-the-irregular-beam-structure-3u2sa063.png FIG. 1. (a) The illustration of the irregular beam structure emitted by typical BAS lasers (with partially reflective output facet mirror) in high power regimes. (b) The idea of spatial filtering by monolithically integrated PhCs in a compact configuration. While the lower angle modes propagate unaffected, as shown in a schematic farfield profile, the PhC diffracts and eliminates the higher angle modes. (c) The PhC placed inside an extended cavity resonator, which mimics the situation of the compact intracavity spatial filtering shown in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-shows-the-brightness-of-emission-as-a-function-of-3btsjfrt.png FIG. 5. (a) shows the brightness of emission as a function of aperture (blue line) compared to PhC fabricated by the Gaussian (PhC-G) and Bessel beam (PhC-B) and with No filter (NF). (b) Brightness vs M2 along the slow axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-measured-far-field-profile-without-phc-green-and-36f4167p.png FIG. 4. (a) Measured Far-field profile without PhC (green) and with the PhC Gaussian beam (red) and Bessel beam fabricated (black) technique. (b) Reconstructed ratio between the far-field profiles in (a) without and with filters inserted in the lasing cavity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-illustration-of-the-phc-showing-the-architecture-of-1if2caku.png FIG. 2. (a) Illustration of the PhC, showing the architecture of index modulation inside the glass substrate and the expected effect on the Far-field intensity spectra of the beam, (b) illustration of the PhC fabrication using a femtosecond pulsed Bessel beam, and (c) photographs and microscopy image of the fabricated structures. The images of the Far-field beam intensity profiles show the principle of angular filtering resulting in narrow angular transmission bands. https://scispace.com/papers/photonic-crystals-with-anomalous-dispersion-unconventional-1nc2lk3ksi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-geometric-illustration-of-the-iterative-c5ht7rme.png FIG. 6. Color online Geometric illustration of the iterative solution of the nonlinear eigenvalue problem associated with the band structure of a PC with dispersive constituent materials. The solid line depicts the frequency dependence of the real part of the model system’s dielectric constant for a quantum-dot filling ratio of =0.03. The values of the other system parameters are given in the text. The dashed lines display the frequency line 1 fict of the first band for three different but fixed wave vectors k . The intersections of these frequency lines with the graph of the model system’s dielectric constant circles correspond to the iterative solutions of the nonlinear eigenvalue problem of Eq. 4 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-model-system-of-a-2d-macroporous-silicon-3bcvv0gw.png FIG. 1. Color online Model system of a 2D macroporous silicon PC infiltrated with quantum dots in a polymer suspension. This PC consists of a 2D macroporous silicon backbone dielectric constant Si=12.0 into which a square lattice of pores radius r /a =0.45 has been etched, which subsequently have been filled with a low-index polymer dielectric constant polymer=2.56 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-effective-dielectric-constant-of-a-29x181nf.png FIG. 2. Color online Effective dielectric constant of a typical polymer doped with quantum dots for three different concentrations . The quantum-dot parameters are given in the text. The resonance of this Maxwell-Garnett effective dielectric constant is shifted relative to the resonance frequency of isolated quantum dots vertical dotted line . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-frequency-dependence-of-the-reflectance-at-normal-abd1pjeo.png FIG. 8. Frequency dependence of the reflectance at normal incidence for finite-sized PC samples with different thicknesses N =11,21,31,41,51 unit cells . The PC is oriented such that normal incidence corresponds to propagation along the -X direction. Once the sample thickness exceeds about 20 unit cells, the reflectance values approximately become independent of the sample thickness. This behavior should be compared with the corresponding transmittance calculations displayed in Fig. 7. The PC parameters are given in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-frequency-dependence-of-the-transmittance-at-normal-3ertzvvf.png FIG. 7. Frequency dependence of the transmittance at normal incidence for finite-sized PC samples with different thicknesses N=1,11,21,31,41,51 unit cells . The PC is oriented such that normal incidence corresponds to propagation along the -X direction. The inset demonstrates that once the sample thickness exceeds about 20 unit cells, the transmittance decays approximately exponentially with thickness. This behavior should be compared with the corresponding reflectance calculations displayed in Fig. 8. For actual calculations of the attenuation length, sample thicknesses in the range of N=1, . . . ,100 with a step size of N=1 have been analyzed. The PC parameters are given in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-photonic-band-structure-for-the-model-1q5269vi.png FIG. 9. Color online Photonic band structure for the model system with quantum-dot concentration =0.03 and when material absorption is ignored solid lines with symbols . The anomalous dispersion of the pore dielectric constant near the band edge of the second band leads to the formation of propagating modes lines with diamonds inside the photonic band gap of the undoped system. For reference, the photonic band structure of the undoped PC is indicated by dashed lines. The horizontal dotted line again depicts the resonance frequency of isolated quantum dots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-selection-of-maximally-localized-1obn44b3.png FIG. 4. Color online A selection of maximally localized Wannier functions for the reference PC structure. The corresponding photonic band structure is displayed in Fig. 3 and the associated system parameters are listed in the caption of Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-photonic-band-structure-for-tm-polarized-wdmd1yg2.png FIG. 3. Color online Photonic band structure for TM-polarized radiation propagating in the reference PC structure. The associated system parameters are listed in the caption of Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/papers/photonic-loschmidt-echo-in-binary-waveguide-lattices-3qx4bm2vzy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-behavior-of-the-fidelity-f-versus-phase-jq5ll1nk.png Fig. 3. (Color online) (a) Behavior of the fidelity F versus phase ϕ at the output plane of the binary array of Fig.1 when it is excited by a NOON state with N0 = 1 (i.e. a Bell state) and N0 = 2 photons at the two waveguides n1 = 1 and n2 = 2. (b) Behavior of the fidelity F for a NOON state excitation with ϕ = 0 and for increasing number of photons N0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-behavior-of-the-fidelity-f-at-the-12irrb4k.png Fig. 2. (Color online) (a) Behavior of the fidelity F at the output plane versus the normalized detuning parameter δ/κ in a binary array made of N = 10 waveguides with uniform hopping rate κ. (b) Behavior of the fidelity F at the output plane in 100 binary arrays with different realizations of disorder in coupling constants κn and for two values of δ/κ. The coupling constant between guides n and (n+ 1) is given by κn = κ(1 + σn), where σn is a random variable with uniform distribution in the range (−0.2, 0.2). In both (a) and (b) the array is initially excited with one photon state in waveguide n = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-evolution-of-a-the-mean-photon-number-a-n-1n8vz69m.png Fig. 1. (Color online) Evolution of (a) the mean photon number 〈â†n ân〉 and (b) the fidelity F versus normalized propagation distance κz in a binary array made of N = 10 waveguides with uniform hopping rate κ and for δ/κ = 5. The array is initially excited with one photon state in waveguide n = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-schematic-of-a-bidimensional-binary-38em897q.png Fig. 4. (Color online) (a) Schematic of a bidimensional binary waveguide lattice made of N = 7 × M = 10 waveguides. The lattice is initially excited by a single photon W state that reproduces the letter E (the eight circled waveguides on the top right side of the lattice). (b) Numericallycomputed evolution of the mean photon number 〈â†n,m ân,m〉 (classical light intensity) for a few values of normalized propagation distance κz (upper panels) and of the fidelity F (z) (lower panel) for homogeneous coupling constants and for δ/κ = 10, L = 10/κ. https://scispace.com/papers/photonic-hook-a-new-curved-light-beam-37hfxxsexj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-diagram-of-photonic-hook-b-curvatures-and-intensity-39x1hhbr.png Fig. 2. (a) Diagram of photonic hook (b) Curvatures and intensity enhancements for different α. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-e2-field-intensity-distribution-for-a-l-3l-and-b-l-2-27syitak.png Fig. 1. E2 field intensity distribution for (a) L = 3λ and (b) L = 2.5λ. (c) E2 enhancement profiles along the y axis for the symmetric and asymmetric particles with L = 2.5λ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-power-flow-diagrams-for-asymmetric-particles-l-1l-a-2-2p5dbtah.png Fig. 3. Power flow diagrams for asymmetric particles L = 1λ (a), 2.5λ (b), 3λ (c) and 4.5λ (d) with α = 18.43°. https://scispace.com/papers/photonic-rf-channelizer-based-on-49ghz-soliton-crystal-4spcyki6c2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-measured-optical-spectrum-of-the-micro-comb-and-4ruyzg12.png Fig. 3. (a) The measured optical spectrum of the micro-comb and drop-port transmission of passive MRR. (b) Extracted channelized RF frequencies of the 92 channels, calculated from the spacing between the comb lines and the passive resonances. Note that the labelled channelized RF frequencies in (a) is adopted from the accurate RF domain measurement using the Vector Network Analyzer, as shown in the next figure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-optical-spectrum-of-the-generated-soliton-crystal-dmguzgnh.png Fig. 2. Optical spectrum of the generated soliton crystal microcomb with (a) 100 nm and (b) 40 nm span. (c) Flattened 92 comb lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-broadband-rf-channelizer-1kokw066.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the broadband RF channelizer based on a soliton crystal microcomb. EDFA: erbium-doped fibre amplifier. PC: polarization controller. MRR: micro-ring resonator. WS: Waveshaper. PM: phase modulator. TEC: temperature controller. DEMUX: de-multiplexer. Rx: Receiver. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measured-rf-transmission-spectra-of-a-the-92-channels-2ccvz09k.png Fig. 4. Measured RF transmission spectra of (a) the 92 channels and (b) a zoom-in view of the first 4 channels. (b) Extracted channelized RF frequency and resolution. (d) Measured RF transmission spectra at different chip temperatures of the passive MRR. https://scispace.com/papers/photonic-millimeter-wave-bridge-for-multi-gbps-passive-1i4eoie0ro 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pon-network-employing-the-proposed-photonic-mm-wave-wsy9n5q1.png Fig. 1. PON network employing the proposed photonic mm-wave bridge. OLT: optical line terminal, ONU: optical network unit, OA: optical amplifier, MZM: Mach–Zehnder modulator, PD: photodetector, BPF: bandpass filter, LNA: low-noise amplifier, FDC: frequency downconverter, AGC: automatic gain control, EOC: electrooptical converter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-optimization-of-the-driving-power-of-the-microwave-2i14ne50.png Fig. 4. Optimization of the driving power of the microwave tone at the MZM. Required wireless link gain to achieve a BER of 10−9 for different optical power at the input of the mm-wave bridge in terms of the driving power for (a) G-PON and (b) XG-PON. Required wireless link gain and optimum driving power for (c) G-PON and (d) XG-PON. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ber-in-terms-of-the-wireless-link-gain-for-different-7mv92vy7.png Fig. 5. BER in terms of the wireless link gain for different combinations of fiber span lengths L1 and L2 (a), (b), (c) are for G-PON with L1 = 0 km, L1 = 30 km, and L1 = 30 km, respectively, whereas (d), (e), and (f) are for XG-PON with the same L1 values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-contour-graphs-for-the-minimum-required-wireless-link-ndtx48ao.png Fig. 6. Contour graphs for the minimum required wireless link gain to achieve a BER of 10−9 with different fiber lengths of L1 and L2 for (a) G-PON and (b) XG-PON. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-equivalent-noise-figure-in-terms-of-the-wireless-link-2kh4x76r.png Fig. 7. Equivalent noise figure in terms of the wireless link gain for G-PON and XG-PON. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-simulation-parameters-2p1fetit.png Table 2 Simulation parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulation-setup-indicating-the-modules-for-g-pon-and-3det1z7i.png Fig. 2. Simulation setup indicating the modules for G-PON and XG-PON. PRBS: Pseudorandom bit sequence generator, NRZ: electrical nonreturn-to-zero modulator, LPF: low-pass filter, MZM: Mach–Zehnder modulator, PD: Photodiode, BPF:bandpass filter, HPA: high-power amplifier, LNA: low-noise amplifier, ED: envelope-detector, GCA: gain-controlled amplifier. Spectra at different points of the system (gray is for G-PON, whereas black is for XG-PON): (a) incoming G/XG-PON signal, (b) remodulated signal, (c) generated mm-wave signal, (d) downconverted signal, and (e) transmitted G/XG-PON signal. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameters-of-the-electrical-components-1cn3zttg.png Table 3 Parameters of the electrical components. https://scispace.com/papers/photophysical-and-cellular-imaging-studies-of-brightly-3s1wyb1u45 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-molecular-structure-of-the-cation-os-bpy-2-pytz-2-2zna8b15.png Figure 1. Molecular structure of the cation [Os(bpy)2(pytz)] 2+ (ellipsoids at 50 % probability, hydrogen atoms, co-crystallised acetonitrile solvent molecule and hexafluorophosphate counterions removed for clarity). Selected https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-top-uv-visible-electronic-absorption-spectra-1rwlp63q.png Figure 7. Top: UV-visible electronic absorption spectra recorded for complexes 1 to 4 as their chloride salts in aqueous solution. Bottom: Emission spectra for 1-4 in aerated aqueous solution at r.t. (for 1 to 3 ex = 600 nm, for 4 ex = 500 nm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1h-nmr-spectra-of-4-as-a-mixture-of-fac-and-mer-2dk5tfav.png Figure 2. 1H NMR spectra of 4 as a mixture of fac and mer isomers (top), mer-4 (middle) and fac-4 (bottom) in d3-acetonitrile. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summarised-photophysical-data-for-1-3-mer-4-and-fac-j4a4uyk7.png Table 2. Summarised photophysical data for 1-3, mer-4 and fac-4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-calculated-energies-of-homo-and-lumo-orbitals-ev-of-1i91r0g2.png Table 3. Calculated energies of HOMO and LUMO orbitals (eV) of complexes 1 to 4 and associated HOMOLUMO gap. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-representative-plots-of-the-homo-and-lumo-for-2-cis-30e06vey.png Figure 6. Representative plots of the HOMO and LUMO for 2, cis,cis-3 and fac-4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-confocal-microscopy-images-of-ej-bladder-carcinoma-3ewiqbho.png Figure 9. Confocal microscopy images of EJ bladder carcinoma cells incubated with complex 4 (20 たM, 6 hour incubation). Each panel comprises emission image (left, そexc = 543 nm, そem = 565-615 nm), bright-field image (right) and overlay of emission and bright-field images (centre). Scale bars = 20 たm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-electrochemical-data-for-1-5-mmol-dm-3-mecn-2j92boh2.png Table 1. Electrochemical data for 1.5 mmol dm-3 MeCN solutions of complexes 1-4 measured at r.t. at a scan rate of 100 mVs-1. Potentials are shown in V vs. Fc+/Fc. Anodic-cathodic peak separations, 〉Ea,c are shown in mV within brackets (〉Ea,c for Fc+/Fc was typically 70 mV). https://scispace.com/papers/photoprotective-potential-of-emulsions-formulated-with-2wd466cgw2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-concentration-of-emulsions-components-tosre34b.png Table 1. Concentration of emulsion’s components. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cellular-viability-values-obtained-by-the-nru-in-3t3-3qlpepwm.png Table 4. Cellular viability values obtained by the NRU in 3T3 and HaCat pre and post-treated with Buriti oil emulsions exposed to UVA radiation for 60 minutes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cellular-viability-values-obtained-by-the-nru-assay-49blygsq.png Table 3. Cellular viability values obtained by the NRU assay in 3T3 and HaCat cell lines pre and post-treated with Buriti oil emulsions and exposed for 30 minutes of UVA and UVB irradiation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cellular-viability-values-of-non-irradiated-control-3aefr1cv.png Table 2. Cellular viability values of non irradiated control plates of 3T3 and HaCat pre and post-treated with Buriti oil emulsions. https://scispace.com/papers/photoreceptor-layer-thinning-over-drusen-in-eyes-with-age-5e3s4ef811 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-the-high-quality-spectral-domain-273augtb.png Figure 1. Examples of the high-quality spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) images of the macula in a patient with age-related macular degeneration used for this study compared with conventional time-domain OCT systems. A, Time-domain OCT image (Stratus, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) in which drusen area appears fuzzy. B, Individual image (B scan) of the SD OCT system showing a significantly higher spatial resolution and better noise characteristics than images from the conventional time-domain OCT system. The image quality can be enhanced further by registering and fusing a sequence of captured B scans. Arrow shows direction of image fusion (averaging) C, Image created by registering and averaging 12 raw SD OCT B scans, with significantly higher signal-to-noise power ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-images-showing-3-distinct-layer-areas-that-were-3veq47ul.png Figure 3. Images showing 3 distinct layer areas that were semiautomatically segmented using Amira software following the layer definitions in Figure 2: the segmented retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and drusen (blue line), photoreceptor layer (green line), and inner retina (IR) layers (red line) in (A) a subject with age-related macular degeneration and (B) a control eye, respectively. Only the outer borders of the photoreceptor layer, which is located between the RPE and IR layers, are marked. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-images-demonstrating-measurement-of-the-thickness-bsesjqqi.png Figure 2. Images demonstrating measurement of the thickness of the retinal layers in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and normal eyes. A, On each druse of the AMD eye, the druse height (including retinal pigment epithelium [RPE]), the photoreceptor layer (PRL) height, and the inner retina layer heights are marked with blue, green, and red lines (and arrows with matching colors), respectively. B, Normal eye using similar color scheme. Because of the absence of druse, the blue line represents the height of the RPE layer only in the control eye. Note the thinning of the PRL in (A) compared with (B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-graph-showing-the-inner-retinal-ir-height-thickness-u38noeqd.png Figure 8. Graph showing the inner retinal (IR) height (thickness) measured at drusen locations in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) eyes compared with the corresponding values at similar distances from the center of the fovea in control eyes. The IR thickness in AMD eyes (circles) is not significantly different than that of the healthy control eyes (curved line with error bars representing the 95% confidence interval). Nasal retina is to the left and temporal retina to the right of center of the graph. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-scatterplots-showing-the-relation-between-a-drusen-1p3kkipy.png Figure 7. Scatterplots showing the relation between (A) drusen height and (B) drusen width with respect to the change in photoreceptor layer (PRL) thickness. The slope of the dashed line, which represents the linear regression fit (described in Appendix 2), is a measure of the correlation between the change in PRL thickness and drusen height (or width). It is evident from these scatterplots that the effect of the (A) drusen height in PRL thinning is more prominent than the effect of (B) drusen width. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-bar-graph-showing-the-average-measured-total-areas-3b7wkot2.png Figure 9. Bar graph showing the average measured total areas of the inner retinal (IR), photoreceptor layer (PRL), retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) layer in eyes of subjects with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and control eyes. Error bars represent the 95% confidence interval. Aside from the evident change in the RPE area, no significant change is seen in the average area of IR and PRL. This further confirms the importance of the local thickness change study in Figure 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spectral-domain-optical-coherence-tomography-sd-oct-ynim7qzy.png Figure 4. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) B scans (A and B) from 2 different eyes in which the arrows point to the sites of prominent diffuse hyperreflective haze located over drusen. In these eyes, the haze extends over the nonfoveal margin of the drusen. This haze was present over drusen in 67% of eyes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spectral-domain-optical-coherence-tomography-b-scan-1sk4i0gu.png Figure 5. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography B scan showing that focal hyperreflective speckling (arrows) was visible over and immediately adjacent to 41% of drusen and in none of the control images. https://scispace.com/papers/photorefractive-damage-resistance-threshold-in-c9waeh3zf1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-stretching-vibrational-bands-of-hydroxyl-ions-in-zr-3k0dtiaf.png Fig. 3. (a) Stretching vibrational bands of hydroxyl ions in Zr-doped stoichiometric LiNbO3 and (b) intensity ratio of the two bands, as a function of Zr concentration. The spectra were normalized to the OH band at 3466 cm−1. The open circle in Fig. 3(b) corresponds to the undoped sLN crystal where no Zr4 Nb-OH − band at 3475 cm−1 can be observed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-uv-absorption-edge-as-a-function-of-zr-concentration-10d9j5l3.png Fig. 2. UV absorption edge as a function of Zr concentration in stoichiometric LiNbO3 crystals. The open circle corresponds to an undoped sLN crystal with Li2O content equal to 49.96 mol. %. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-zr-concentration-in-stoichiometric-linbo3-crystal-as-a-2tr3fc96.png Fig. 1. Zr concentration in stoichiometric LiNbO3 crystal as a function of the concentration in the flux. Errors are smaller than or comparable to symbol sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-raman-spectra-of-zr-doped-stoichiometric-linbo3-xq1ku4z5.png Fig. 4. (a) Raman spectra of Zr-doped stoichiometric LiNbO3 crystals. A1 TO and E(TO) modes measured in y zz y and y xz y geometry, respectively; (b) broadening of the A1 TO1 and A1 TO2 modes, and (c) widths of several Raman lines as a function of Zr concentration in the crystal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-z-scan-curves-of-zr-doped-stoichiometric-linbo3-83qh1k89.png Fig. 5. Z-scan curves of Zr-doped stoichiometric LiNbO3 crystals measured with 310 kW∕cm2 intensity. https://scispace.com/papers/photostability-of-oxazoline-rna-precursors-in-uv-rich-44ro15yb82 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ground-state-geometries-of-the-most-stable-conformers-1iw17m1f.png Fig. 1 Ground-state geometries of the most stable conformers of arabinose aminooxazoline (AAO) and arabinose oxazolidinone thione (AOT). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-representation-of-the-photorelaxation-wvvfips6.png Fig. 4 Schematic representation of the photorelaxation pathways available for AOT. Energies of all the presented stationary points were computed at the ADC(2)/cc-pVTZ level of theory. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-potential-energy-profile-showing-the-singlet-3g4ycwkl.png Fig. 3 Potential energy profile showing the singlet photorelaxation mechanism of AOT obtained by linear interpolation in internal coordinates (LIIC) between the AOT ground-state structure, the S1 minimum and the S1/S0 MECP. The energies of the S1 and S0 states were calculated at the ADC(2)/cc-pVTZ and MP2/cc-pVTZ levels, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-uv-absorption-spectra-of-aao-and-aot-simulated-with-3lo93y6f.png Fig. 2 UV absorption spectra of AAO and AOT simulated with the ADC(2)/cc-pVTZ method and the IMDHO model. Solid curve shows experimental measurements for AOT. https://scispace.com/papers/photoresponse-in-large-area-multi-walled-carbon-nanotube-1ztq9t8pz4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-current-as-a-function-of-time-t-for-1-5-6uyamimz.png FIG. 3. Color online Current as a function of time t for 1.5% film when i illuminated at position A and ii with a bias voltage spike in dark at t =30 s, left on at 1.2 mV for 10 s, and then reduced to 1.0 mV at t=40 s. The fit is shown as the dashed line, which gives a time constant of 1.2 s. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-dark-current-light-current-photoresponse-and-eqe-for-2rg61v3w.png TABLE I. Dark current, light current, photoresponse, and EQE for MWNT/ P3HT-b-PS nanocomposite films at position A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-current-voltage-characteristics-of-a-0-9lt4icop.png FIG. 2. Color online a Current-voltage characteristics of a 0.5 wt % MWNT composite film illuminated at positions A, C, and in the dark. Inset: zoomed in view around the origin. b Full range current-voltage characteristics in the dark and when illuminated at B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-cartoon-of-the-device-and-transport-xvfsz272.png FIG. 1. Color online a Cartoon of the device and transport measurement setup. b Resistivity of the film vs weight percentage of MWNT in the polymer matrix. c Representative photocurrent as a function of time t for 1.5% film under IR illumination at positions A, B, and C Vbias=1 mV . https://scispace.com/papers/photosystem-ii-electron-transfer-cycle-and-chlororespiration-1a6fz8rvu9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effects-of-saturating-light-on-npq-and-o2-flash-1zc97k6j.png Table 1 Effects of saturating light on NPQ and O2 flash yield https://scispace.com/papers/photovoltaic-incentive-design-handbook-3hlj414viq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-of-pbi-structures-in-the-u-s-1-2ds6zo3o.png Figure 1. Sample of PBI structures in the U.S.1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-cash-flows-associated-with-two-investment-w23k4r0b.png Table 6. Cash flows associated with two investment alternatives. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-difference-between-buy-now-versus-wait-1-year-cash-21v0qpai.png Table 7. Difference between “Buy Now” versus “Wait 1 Year” cash flows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pbi-structure-establishes-the-interaction-between-jdnodng9.png Figure 7. PBI structure establishes the interaction between utility and the customer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-utility-perspective-pv-system-performance-is-a-1ctmb0re.png Figure 8. Utility perspective: PV system performance is a critical uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-table-indicates-that-all-of-the-structures-have-2a2jeurb.png Table 3. The table indicates that all of the structures have the potential to provide for system rating verification (so long as they include some sort of field verification). The EPBB, PBB, and PBI structures can be designed to verify the one-time performance effects of system design and geographical location while the CBB and CBI structures cannot. The PBB and PBI structures may be designed to take into account the full range of performance factors and provide the highest assurance of energy delivery. Note that while some form of verification is possible for all incentive structures, this has not https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-incentive-administered-on-a-volume-basis-for-model-dtefdizk.png Figure 14. Incentive administered on a volume basis for model and Joint Filing results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-incentive-schedule-29ugawv7.png Table 11. Incentive schedule. https://scispace.com/papers/photovoltaic-smart-grids-in-the-prosumers-investment-ay7fbon4l8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-price-thresholds-as-a-function-of-s-with-xi-0-30-3ju0gxmi.png Figure 4.2: Price thresholds as a function of σ, with ξi = 0.30, γi = 0.10, c = 154, v0 = 87.13, θ = −3.19, σ = 34.30, r = 0.05, T = 25, LCOE = 100, P = 0.10K, H = −0.15K. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-5-optimal-capacities-and-price-thresholds-as-a-2mhm6jxe.png Table 4.5: Optimal capacities and price thresholds as a function of T with ξi = 0.30, γi = 0.10, c = 154, v0 = 87.13, θ = −3.19, σ = 34.30, r = 0.05, T = 25, LCOE = 100, P = 0.10K, H = −0.15K https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-optimal-capacities-and-price-thresholds-as-a-4j82dhau.png Table 4.4: Optimal capacities and price thresholds as a function of LCOE with ξi = 0.30, γi = 0.10, c = 154, v0 = 87.13, θ = −3.19, σ = 34.30, r = 0.05, T = 25, LCOE = 100, P = 0.10K, H = −0.15K https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-northern-italy-price-and-price-thresholds-p50sqpma.png Figure 4.1: Northern Italy price and price thresholds comparison, with with ξi = 0.30, γi = 0.10, c = 154, v0 = 87.13, θ = −3.19, σ = 34.30, r = 0.05, T = 25, LCOE = 100, P = 0.10K, H = −0.15K https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-optimal-capacities-and-price-thresholds-as-a-339qh1pg.png Table 4.2: Optimal capacities and price thresholds as a function of ξi and γi with ξi = 0.30, γi = 0.10, c = 154, v0 = 87.13, θ = −3.19, σ = 34.30, r = 0.05, T = 25, LCOE = 100, P = 0.10K, H = −0.15K https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-optimal-capacities-price-thresholds-investment-2escm715.png Table 4.1: Optimal capacities, price thresholds, investment costs and net operative costs, with ξi = 0.30, γi = 0.10, c = 154, v0 = 87.13, θ = −3.19, σ = 34.30, r = 0.05, T = 25, LCOE = 100, P = 0.10K, H = −0.15K https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-daily-load-and-production-curves-2pyh1f5o.png Figure 2.1: Daily load and production curves https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3-optimal-capacities-and-price-thresholds-as-a-bjdw6sgo.png Table 4.3: Optimal capacities and price thresholds as a function of σ with ξi = 0.30, γi = 0.10, c = 154, v0 = 87.13, θ = −3.19, σ = 34.30, r = 0.05, T = 25, LCOE = 100, P = 0.10K, H = −0.15K https://scispace.com/papers/photovoltaic-properties-of-conjugated-polymer-110in9llaw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-power-efficiencyhe-of-various-ps-mdmo-ppv-pcbm-cells-gx1cxljz.png FIG. 6. Power efficiencyhe of various PS–MDMO-PPV–PCBM cells vs excitation intensity. Lines are drawn as a guide to the eye. Excitatio provided by Ar1 laser at 488 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-spectral-resolved-photon-to-carrier-conversion-3o4fk86a.png FIG. 7. Spectral resolved photon to carrier conversion efficiencyhc of a MDMO-PPV–PCBM~1:3! device.hc was calculated according to Eq.~3!. The inset shows the spectral resolved photocurrent under four different ages~21, 20.5, 0.5, and 1 V! and at short circuit conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-optical-density-of-various-ps-mdmo-ppv-pcbm-devices-t-3nfzrz3n.png FIG. 3. Optical density of various PS–MDMO-PPV–PCBM devices. T optical density does not increase steadily with decreasing PS amoun cells have been produced from different solutions. The inset shows the sorption spectra of the separate components@MDMO-PPV ~h! and PCBM ~s!#. The peak at 490 nm is attributed to MDMO-PPV absorption, wh PCBM shows a first absorption maximum around 370 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/photowritable-silver-containing-phosphate-glass-ribbon-9po9sy3rlz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-investigated-glasses-and-related-properties-2kflcwbp.png Table 1 Investigated glasses and related properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-phosphate-glass-preforms-and-fibers-a-undoped-3bye7v2n.png Figure 1 Phosphate-glass preforms and fibers (a) Undoped preform under white light (b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-thermal-drawing-of-ribbon-fibers-a-preform-bottom-3dpwlvgu.png Figure 3 Thermal drawing of ribbon fibers (a) Preform, bottom-neck preform and fiber samples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-waveguiding-evidence-in-silver-zinc-phosphate-bulk-w3q1ma9i.png Figure 5 Waveguiding evidence in silver zinc-phosphate bulk glass (a) Ring resonators and https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fiber-loss-at-l-1064-nm-and-l-1550-nm-measured-by-701n3v5c.png Table 2 Fiber loss at λ = 1064 nm and λ = 1550 nm (measured by the cut-back method) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dlw-in-ribbon-fibers-a-glass-pzg-2n2a-fiber-sample-1blm39mg.png Figure 4 DLW in ribbon fibers (a) Glass PZG-2N2A fiber sample before (under white light) and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-silver-doped-phosphate-glass-pzg-2n2a-a-normalized-1yqbrkt9.png Figure 2 Silver-doped phosphate glass PZG-2N2A (a) Normalized Raman spectra of the bulk, https://scispace.com/papers/phrase-representations-for-multiword-expressions-2tzpixtxk0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-k-sized-chunks-in-the-training-corpus-1gj5jme7.png Table 1: Number of k-sized chunks in the training corpus https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-constrained-graph-for-structured-inference-each-2ghs0uob.png Figure 1: Constrained graph for structured inference. Each node is assigned a score from the scoring layer. For instance, the first node of the line 2-NP correspond to the score for the tag NP for the phrase ”the cat”. Nodes in gray represent final nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-closest-neighbors-for-three-input-phrases-in-terms-1xw5k003.png Table 4: Closest neighbors for three input phrases in terms of euclidean distance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-on-the-test-corpus-4043-mwes-in-terms-of-f-3ajkmibj.png Table 2: Results on the test corpus (4043 MWEs) in terms of F-measure. WI stands for word initialization. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-on-the-test-corpus-4043-mwes-in-terms-of-f-154h095e.png Table 3: Results on the test corpus (4043 MWEs) in terms of F-measure. https://scispace.com/papers/phylogenetic-analysis-of-the-genus-pseudoroegneria-and-the-ijg807a6a8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-triticeae-species-genbank-accession-numbers-of-rbcl-1eo7ih0d.png Table 2: Triticeae species, Genbank accession numbers of rbcL sequences, genomic designations and species accession numbers, used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pseudoroegneria-and-australopyrum-species-with-plant-1qlsdc70.png Table 1: Pseudoroegneria and Australopyrum species, with plant accession number, and country of origin for the rbcL sequences used in this study https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimates-of-the-nucleotide-diversity-and-tests-of-ktts2zwe.png Table 3: Estimates of the nucleotide diversity, and tests of neutral evolution for the rbcL gene in Pseudoroegneria. https://scispace.com/papers/phylogenetic-classification-of-the-frog-pathogen-4wb9rxawrv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-small-ribosomal-subunit-sequences-for-samples-iggf0dc3.png FIGURE 2. The small ribosomal subunit sequences for samples 4825-004 and 18617-002 when aligned demonstrate complete consensus, with the exception one region of 16 nucleotides shown here between positions 146 and 162. Sample 4825-004 (Virginia) lacks eight nucleotides and contains two nucleotide substitutions within this region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-this-phylogram-from-maximum-likelihood-analysis-1sm63j0b.png FIGURE 1. This phylogram from maximum likelihood analysis incorporates a molecular clock assumption. The scale shows the branch length equivalent to the occurrence of substitution of 10% of the nucleotide sequence. The relatedness of two microorganisms in this phylogram is the sum of the length of all horizontal branches separating the two species (neglect vertical distances between species). The number to the left at each node is the consensus among 1,000 trees by bootstrap maximum likelihood analysis. This maximum likelihood model allows changes to occur multiple times at any single nucleotide site, thus a branch twice as long as another may not necessarily contain twice as many nucleotides differences. The phylogram shows definitively that A. penneri is a member of the order Dermocystida. https://scispace.com/papers/phylogenetic-position-and-taxonomic-rearrangement-of-3luns2o09u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-holotype-of-davidina-armandi-upperside-left-nxm3bgye.png Figure 1. Holotype of Davidina armandi, upperside (left), underside (center) and labels (right). © Trustees of the Natural History Museum London, reproduced with permission. Photo: V. Lukhtanov. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-apical-part-of-aedeagus-a-davidina-armandi-china-2eoponlj.png Figure 6. Apical part of aedeagus (a) Davidina armandi, China, Nei Mongol,Inn-Shan Mts; (b) Oeneis (Protoeneis) nanna, Russia, Buryatia, Sosnovka; (c) Oeneis (Oeneis) norna, Russia, Altai; (d) Neominois ridingsii, USA, Colorado; (e) Paroeneis palaearcticus, China, Xinjian/Qinghai Altyn-Tag, (f) Karanasa kirgisorum, Kazakhstan, Kirgyzsky Mts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phylogenetic-tree-from-bi-analysis-of-72-taxa-of-2pr8eo5c.png Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree from BI analysis of 72 taxa of the subtribe Satyrina based on mitochondrial COI barcodes. Posterior probabilities are indicated at the nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-male-genitalia-lateral-view-a-davidina-armandi-mnhi4ctw.png Figure 5. Male genitalia, lateral view. (a) Davidina armandi, China, Nei Mongol, Inn-Shan Mts; (b) Oeneis (Protoeneis) nanna Ménétries; Russia, Buryatia, Sosnovka; right valve is not shown, aedeagus is separated; (c) Oeneis (Oeneis) norna Thunberg, Russia, Altai; (d); Neominois ridingsii Edwards, USA, Colorado; left valve is not shown; (e) Paroeneis palaearcticus Staudinger, China, Xinjian/Qinghai, Altyn-Tag, right valve is not shown, aedeagus is separated; (f) Karanasa kirgisorum Avinov et Sweadner, Kazakhstan, Kirgyzsky Mts, left valve is not shown, aedeagus is separated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-100-consensus-of-the-9-mp-trees-based-on-the-matrix-10tx0kec.png Figure 7. 100% consensus of the 9 MP trees based on the matrix of 12 morphological characters (Table 1). BI of the morphological matrix revealed the same topology. Bootstrap support for MP/posterior probabilities for BI values are indicated at the nodes. The sign “-“ indicates that the value is lower than 0.5. The genus Hipparchia is known to have a basal position within the subtribe Satyrina (Peña et al. 2011) and was used as outgroup for the rest of the Satyrina. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-matrix-of-morphological-characters-9nwu4g2l.png Table 1. Matrix of morphological characters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-phylogenetic-tree-from-bi-analysis-of-66-samples-of-3viewvdu.png Figure 3. Phylogenetic tree from BI analysis of 66 samples of the subtribe Satyrina based on COI+wingless+RpS5+GAPDH data set. Posterior probabilities are indicated at the nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-phylogenetic-tree-from-bi-analysis-of-30-samples-of-1uy73fap.png Figure 4. Phylogenetic tree from BI analysis of 30 samples of the subtribe Satyrina and 3 outgroup samples based on the nuclear gene EF1a. Posterior probabilities are indicated at the nodes. https://scispace.com/papers/phylogenetic-reconstruction-of-polymastiidae-demospongiae-3qzqab0bab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-molecular-data-on-polymastiidae-available-in-genbank-2ib24fob.png Table 5 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-continued-1nw3wvt5.png Table 5 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-gyjq8dj1.png Table 2. Cárdenas 2015) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cardenas-2015-d6ojefhj.png Table 2. Cárdenas 2015) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-koltunia-burtoni-spicules-a-principal-subtylostyle-3cwzpw45.png Fig. 2. Koltunia burtoni, spicules: (A) principal subtylostyle, general view; (B) proximal tip of the subtylostyle depicted in A, detailed view; (C) distal tip of the subtylostyle depicted in A, detailed view; (D) small tylostyles; (E) proximal tip of an exotyle, detailed view; (F) the same exotyle, distal ornamentation, detailed view; (G) and (H) distal ornamentations of other exotyles, detailed view. Scale bars: A, 0.5 mm; B and C, 0.01 mm; D–H, 0.05 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rooted-galled-network-compiled-from-the-bayesian-11kgsuj4.png Fig. 4 Rooted galled network compiled from the Bayesian consensus trees reconstructed from CO1 alone and 28S rDNA alone with identical sets of taxa. Bold curves indicate discrepancies in the topology. Expansion of the branch labels denoting multiple specimens: Spinularia spinularia (three specimens)—ZMBN 98037, ZMBN 98050, ZMBN 98076; Radiella sp. (three specimens)—ZMBN 98038, ZMBN 98040, ZMBN 98041; Polymastia euplectella (three specimens)—ZMBN 98044, ZMBN 98085, ZMBN 98086; Quasillina brevis (five specimens)—ZMBN 98049, ZMBN 98067, ZMBN 98082, ZMBN 98084, ZMBN 98090 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-sphaerotylus-capitatus-spicules-a-principal-2xc5dhx7.png Fig. 14. Sphaerotylus capitatus, spicules: (A) principal subtylostyle; (B) intermediary tylostyle; (C) small tylostyles; (D) exotyle, general view; (E) proximal tip of the exotyle depicted in D, detailed view; (F) distal knob of the exotyle depicted in D, detailed view. Scale bars: A–D, 0.1 mm; E and F, 0.01 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-sphaerotylus-exotylotus-a-lectotype-zin-ras-10615-arsuqkne.png Fig. 17. Sphaerotylus exotylotus: (A) lectotype ZIN RAS 10615, habitus; (B) and (C) paralectotypes ZIN RAS 10615, habitus; (D) surface of the lectotype, detailed view; (E) longitudinal section through the body of the lectotype. Scale bars: A–C, 10 mm; D, 0.2 mm; E, 1 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/phylogenomics-of-the-major-tropical-plant-family-annonaceae-3do5it9xij 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-length-and-parsimony-informative-sites-statistics-58sx70nj.png TABLE 3 | Length and parsimony informative sites statistics based on the aligned Annonaceae and Piptostigmateae matrices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-maximum-likelihood-tree-of-piptostigmateae-based-on-msn9h8hs.png FIGURE 7 | Maximum likelihood tree of Piptostigmateae based on 356 concatenated supercontigs. Supercontigs were concatenated after removal of individuals with putative paralogous sequences from alignments to form a supermatrix to be used in RAxML. Node colors show support based on 100 bootstrap replicates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-species-level-tree-of-piptostigmateae-constructed-1by38fm2.png FIGURE 6 | Species-level tree of Piptostigmateae constructed using ASTRAL. (A) Tree inference was based on 356 supercontigs. Putative paralogous loci were identified and the entire locus was removed. Depicted on nodes are the local posterior probability (LPP) values. (B) Identical tree to (A) but with quartet support represented on nodes. Black portion of pie charts represents the percentage of quartets in gene trees agreeing with this branch. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-species-used-to-sequence-transcriptomes-and-design-1ba4uskn.png TABLE 1 | Species used to sequence transcriptomes and design the nuclear bating kit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-generic-level-tree-of-annonaceae-constructed-using-2vslx3rk.png FIGURE 4 | Generic-level tree of Annonaceae constructed using ASTRAL. (A) Tree inference was based on 317 supercontigs (exons & introns). Depicted on nodes are the local posterior probability (LPP) values. (B) Identical tree to (A) but with quartet support represented on nodes. Black portion of pie charts represents the percentage of quartets in gene trees agreeing with this branch. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-maximum-likelihood-tree-of-annonaceae-based-on-317-10w8t1ua.png FIGURE 5 | Maximum likelihood tree of Annonaceae based on 317 concatenated supercontigs. Supercontigs were concatenated after removal of putative paralogous loci to form a supermatrix to be used in RAxML. Gray scale colors at nodes depict branch support after 100 bootstrap replicates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variability-of-number-of-captured-of-loci-using-the-3b7elvq0.png TABLE 2 | Variability of number of captured of loci using the Annonaceae bait kit. https://scispace.com/papers/phylogeny-and-biogeography-of-bees-of-the-tribe-osmiini-24kldcr8qh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-support-measures-for-the-main-lineages-bgc8ijp5.png Table 4 Summary of support measures for the main lineages and genera of the Osmiini https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-new-supra-generic-grouping-of-osmiini-modifies-2udbgm1w.png Table 6 New supra-generic grouping of Osmiini (modifies Michener 2007, Table 81–1) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-parsimony-bootstrap-consensus-tree-of-the-combined-25uwcmpn.png Fig. 1. Parsimony bootstrap consensus tree of the combined dataset. All nodes with less than 50% bootstrap support were collapsed. Bootstrap values are indicated above the nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-alternative-partitioning-regimes-and-dna-1isgmt4d.png Table 3 Alternative partitioning regimes and DNA substitution models for the five Bayesian analyzes performed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-maximum-likelihood-reconstruction-of-ancestral-pcnbb0tu.png Fig. 3. Maximum likelihood reconstruction of ancestral geographic range for nine selected clades of osmiine bees. Three geographic zones were recognized: Palearctic (P; white), Nearctic (N; grey) and Afrotropical (A; black). The values at the nine selected nodes give the probability of having the most likely state at that node under two models of character evolution: three independent rates (left value) or all rates equal (right value). Pie diagrams represent the probability of each of the three states under the threerate model. The asterisks indicate that analyzes constraining the most likely state had significantly higher ln-likelihood values than analyzes with both alternative states constrained. For visualization, the tree was drawn in MacClade with parsimony reconstruction of ancestral ranges. The tree topology corresponds to the 70%-majority rule consensus tree in the favoured Bayesian analysis. Genera and subgenera entirely restricted to one geographic zone were summarized to one terminal taxon. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-locality-information-voucher-numbers-and-genbank-3kxbk17g.png Table 1 Locality information, voucher numbers and GenBank Accession Nos. for sequences used in this study https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ln-likelihood-values-for-the-five-different-bayesian-1k613fnc.png Table 5 Ln-likelihood values for the five different Bayesian analyzes of the combined dataset https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-37emux1v.png Table 1 Locality information, voucher numbers and GenBank Accession Nos. for sequences used in this study https://scispace.com/papers/phylogeny-of-graphostromatacea-with-three-species-isolated-36g0jm29ng 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-165z1ghk.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/phylogeny-of-the-stink-bug-tribe-chlorocorini-heteroptera-26m5qflfp9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bayesian-majority-consensus-tree-constructed-using-2ieinfly.png Figure 2. Bayesian majority consensus tree constructed using combined morphological (69 characters) and DNA sequence data (16S rDNA, 18S rDNA, 28S D1 rDNA, 28S D3-D5 rDNA and COI mitDNA), along with the dorsal habitus of all genera of Chlorocorini. Rectangles above branches indicate whether the clade is supported by morphological and/or molecular data, while numbers below branches are posterior probabilities and bootstrap supports from the maximum likelihood analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-morphological-diversity-within-the-3normceb.png Figure 1. Examples of morphological diversity within the Chlorocorini. (A) Arvelius albopunctatus (DeGeer) (photo by Roger Rios Dias), (B) Chlorocoris complanatus (Guérin-Méneville) (photo by Diogo Luiz), (C) Fecelia nigridens (Walker) (photo by Francisco Alba Suriel) and Loxa sp. (photo by Maurino André). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-maximum-likelihood-ancestral-states-of-the-key-1rgulbwn.png Figure 3. Maximum likelihood ancestral states of the key morphological characters of Chlorocorini reconstructed over the total evidence bayesian tree (converted to cladogram for visualization). Likelihood of ancestral states are shown as pie charts only in the nodes where evolutionary changes are likely to have happened (changes in terminal branches are omitted). Scoring for each taxon are exhibited as colored rectangles, where crossed rectangles are inapplicable states (gray = state 0, yellow = 1, orange = 2, black = 3, crosses = missing/not applicable). https://scispace.com/papers/phylogeny-and-phylogenetic-classification-of-the-antbirds-32hnopfz42 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2b-continued-t99ji5s3.png Fig. 2b. (Continued). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evolutionary-models-for-each-partition-of-the-rag-3vy8rd7d.png Table 1 Evolutionary models for each partition of the RAG data as indicated by MrModeltest (Nylander, 2004) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-summary-of-recent-higher-level-molecular-phylogenetic-2nvhdm1s.png Fig. 1. Summary of recent higher-level molecular phylogenetic results for the Furnariides. (a) Maximum-parsimony analysis of three nuclear and one mitochondrial marker, with bootstraps proportions by nodes from Irestedt et al. (2002). (b) Maximum-likelihood analysis of a nuclear intron, with bootstrap proportions by nodes from Chesser (2004). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phylogenetic-analysis-of-the-furnariides-maximum-lv728dbd.png Fig. 2b. (Continued). https://scispace.com/papers/phylogeny-of-tec-family-kinases-identification-of-a-50kbravzoj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-amniotes-specific-insert-in-the-ph-domain-of-btk-xisd94t5.png Figure 3.2. Amniotes specific insert in the PH domain of BTK. The insert is protruding up as a dark loop in the 1BTK structure containing the PH domain and BTK motif from human BTK. The loop is mainly nonstructured, but contains a short -helix. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-phylogenetic-relationship-of-the-sh3-binding-1lvh8vlo.png Figure 3.3. Phylogenetic relationship of the SH3-binding protein 5 and related sequences. Groups of SH3BP5 and SH3BP5L proteins from vertebrates and insects can be distinguished in addition to a distinct group of SH3BP5 proteins from nematodes. Further relationship of these groups is not clear. The analysis was carried out as described in Fig. 3.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-phylogenetic-relationship-of-the-tfk-sequences-get6g2ne.png Figure 3.1. Phylogenetic relationship of the TFK sequences. The six major protein groups can be clearly distinguished. Bootstrap analysis was carried out using maximum parsimony criteria and 100 replicates with PAUP* (Swofford, 2003). Bootstrap values are shown at the nodes. Sequence labels contain name of the species and NCBI Entrez accession number for the protein sequence. Btk sequence forMacaca mulatta was reconstructed by transcribing the mRNA record XR_011285.1 and correcting the disrupted frameshift. https://scispace.com/papers/phylogeography-and-bindin-evolution-in-arbacia-a-sea-urchin-9d2ro5rnwj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phylogeny-of-the-sequences-of-cytochrome-oxidase-i-coi-2bnfbaa3.png Fig. 2 Phylogeny of the sequences of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) of Arbacia, reconstructed with MRBAYES. Credibility values from MRBAYES, when >0.85, are shown above the nodes, bootstrap values from GARLI below. (A) Haplotypes of Arbacia crassispina, Arbacia dufresni, Arbacia spatuligera, Arbacia stellata and Arbacia punctulata. Arrow indicates the specimen with A. spatuligera COI, but two alleles of A. dufresni bindin. (B) Haplotypes of Arbacia lixula. Numbers after locality names indicate individuals with indistinguishable haplotypes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-continued-38wkn51k.png Fig. 2 Phylogeny of the sequences of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) of Arbacia, reconstructed with MRBAYES. Credibility values from MRBAYES, when >0.85, are shown above the nodes, bootstrap values from GARLI below. (A) Haplotypes of Arbacia crassispina, Arbacia dufresni, Arbacia spatuligera, Arbacia stellata and Arbacia punctulata. Arrow indicates the specimen with A. spatuligera COI, but two alleles of A. dufresni bindin. (B) Haplotypes of Arbacia lixula. Numbers after locality names indicate individuals with indistinguishable haplotypes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-collection-localities-of-specimens-used-in-this-study-3ccosprl.png Fig. 1 Collection localities of specimens used in this study. Colours indicate the species as determined from morphology or nuclear DNA sequences; letters indicate localities, and numbers sample size. Grey: Arbacia crassispina – A: Tristan da Cunha; B: Falkland Islands (Malvinas). Red: Arbacia dufresni – C: Puerto Madryn, Chubut Province, Patagonia; E: Falkland Islands (Malvinas); F: Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina; G: Puerto Montt, Bahia Metri, and Bahia Corral, Chile. Purple: Arbacia spatuligera – H: Pisco, Peru; D: Bahia Corral, Chile. Green: Arbacia stellata – I: Acapulco, Peru; J: Bay of Panama; K: Acajutla and Golfo de Fonseca, El Salvador; L: Guerrero Negro, Baja California. Blue: Arbacia punctulata – M: Cayos Cochinos, Honduras; N: Carrie Bow Cay, Belize; O: Ft. Pierce, Florida; P: Beaufort, North Carolina. Violet: Arbacia lixula – Q: Faial, Azores; R: Reis Magos, Madeira; S: Gran Canaria and La Palma, Islas Canarias; T: Sal Island, Cape Verde; V: Baia Sepetiba Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; W: Alicante, Spain; X: Marseille, France; Y: Corsica; Z: Parga, Ionian Sea; C: Tunis; D: Napoli, Italy; Q: Alexandroupolis, Chalkidiki Peninsula, and Samothraki, North Aegean Sea; K: Akamas Peninsula, Cyprus. Black: Tetrapygus niger – P: Paracas, Peru; R: Coquimbo, Chile. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-log-likelihood-ratio-tests-comparing-models-allowing-sq7ne285.png Table 1 Log-likelihood ratio tests comparing models allowing positive selection with their null alternatives https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-since-divergence-of-the-clades-of-arbacia-in-3olnus87.png Fig. 4 Time since divergence of the clades of Arbacia in millions of years, as estimated under the assumption that Atlantic and Pacific clades were separated by the Isthmus of Panama 3 Ma and constrained by a minimum age of the split between Arbacia and Tetrapygus of 5.3 Ma (end of the Miocene) and of Arbacia punctulata and Arbacia lixula of 1.6 Ma (end of the Pliocene). Values next to nodes indicate estimates from program r8s; values above the branches indicate ages obtained from bindin, below the branches those obtained from cytochrome oxidase I (COI). Ruler at the bottom indicates 95% confidence ranges of ages obtained from program PATHD8 applied to the bindin data, and ruler at the top indicates confidence ranges applied to COI data. https://scispace.com/papers/phylogeography-and-gene-diversity-of-the-gall-forming-aphid-1dqz08ri39 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-genetic-differentiation-among-a-lentisci-populations-1juzbjj9.png Fig. 2 Genetic differentiation among A. lentisci populations. Dendogram based on Nei's (1978) unbiased genetic distance among populations, and molecular analysis of variance (Nested AMOVA) partitioned among regions, among populations, within populations and within individuals (I- stands for Israel, C- for Cyprus and T- for Tunisia). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-genetic-differentiation-among-populations-combined-h1tmw5q0.png Table 3: Genetic differentiation among populations: Combined probabilities for each pairwise comparison (Exact tests for population differentiation; above diagonal) and genetic identity (below diagonal) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gene-diversity-unbiased-heterozygosity-he-and-1n4l4qht.png Table 2: Gene diversity (Unbiased heterozygosity, He) and percent polymorphic loci (P; 95% criterion) of the sampled A. lentisci populations in Israel, Cyprus and Tunisia https://scispace.com/papers/phylosophic-artistic-analysis-of-the-architectural-monument-3ixefx69py 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sokolovskiy-v-a-the-mansion-of-p-i-gadalov-the-view-xzk8ucof.png Figure 1. Sokolovskiy V.A. The Mansion of P.I. Gadalov. The view from the intersection of Karl Marx Str. and Parizhskoy Kommuny Str. Russia, Krasnoyarsk. 1909 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-mansion-of-p-i-gadalov-general-view-of-the-2wex02hg.png Figure 2. The Mansion of P. I. Gadalov. General view of the great hall to the right of the main staircase and the draft of the plan https://scispace.com/papers/physical-abuse-of-children-by-stepfathers-in-colombia-2na3cdav42 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pearson-correlations-between-measures-and-predictors-3hggbzcr.png Table 2 Pearson Correlations between Measures and Predictors of the Prevalence (Never / Ever) and Frequency (Never – Daily) of Physical Abuse of Children by Fathers https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measures-and-predictors-included-in-the-analyses-2qrv8k9v.png Table 1 Measures and Predictors Included in the Analyses https://scispace.com/papers/physical-activity-and-fitness-outcomes-of-a-lifestyle-1bs8w42gdf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-changes-in-fitness-physical-activity-and-s48w0s2s.png Table 2 Changes in fitness, physical activity and anthropometric measures over time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-participant-flow-diagram-34ttqlfz.png Figure 1. Participant flow diagram https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-treatment-and-clinical-characteristics-2qgznj0a.png Table 1 Demographic, treatment, and clinical characteristics of both groups at baseline https://scispace.com/papers/physical-activity-and-risk-of-recurrence-and-mortality-after-7az9crqftc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-incidence-rates-and-hazard-ratios-with-95-confidence-85hpn6zj.png Table 2 Incidence rates and hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for one-, five- and ten-year venous thromboembolism recurrence by physical activity status. The Tromsø Study 1994-2015. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-incidence-rates-and-hazard-ratios-with-95-confidence-3gno7g96.png Table 3 Incidence rates and hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for five- and ten-year venous thromboembolism recurrence by physical activity status stratified by sex. The Tromsø Study 1994-2015. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-incidence-rates-and-hazard-ratios-with-95-confidence-vz9ncinc.png Table 4 Incidence rates and hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for ten-year venous thromboembolism recurrence by physical activity status stratified by characteristics of the incident event. The Tromsø Study 1994- 2015. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-and-clinical-characteristics-of-patients-1e6w1pci.png Table 1 Baseline and clinical characteristics of patients with incident VTE (n=786) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-mortality-rates-and-hazard-ratios-with-95-confidence-32asdfov.png Table 6 Mortality rates and hazard ratios with 95 % confidence intervals for ten-year mortality in patients with incident venous thromboembolism by physical activity status stratified by characteristics of the incident event. The Tromsø Study 1994-2015. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mortality-rates-and-hazard-ratios-with-95-confidence-2g9r7tcw.png Table 5 Mortality rates and hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for one-, five- and ten-year mortality in patients with incident venous thromboembolism by physical activity status. The Tromsø Study 1994-2015. https://scispace.com/papers/physical-activity-behaviour-motivational-readiness-and-self-40v06efoac 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-model-of-physical-activity-frequency-correlates-n-32rkvp3f.png Table V. Model of Physical Activity Frequency Correlates, N = 964 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-sample-characteristics-by-disease-status-2a0z86i5.png Table I. Sample Characteristics by Disease Status https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-number-of-physical-activities-pa-and-the-frequency-6tew54tz.png Table 11. Number of Physical Activities (PA), and the Frequency and Duration of Lifestyle Activities by Disease Status https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-mean-and-standard-deviation-of-physical-activity-pa-1ernr141.png Table IV. Mean and Standard Deviation of Physical Activity (PA) Motivational Readiness and Efficacy by Disease Status https://scispace.com/papers/physical-activity-related-drivers-of-perceived-health-status-46e0ujc1ow 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proportion-of-active-commuters-by-country-1v87lzzg.png Figure 1. Proportion of Active Commuters by Country https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-perceived-health-status-in-patients-with-a-sedentary-3thnzlh9.png Table 1. Perceived health status in patients with a sedentary lifestyle versus patients who are physically active* (Medians [quartile 1, quartile 3]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proportion-of-sport-participants-by-country-meeting-3no6orao.png Figure 2. Proportion of Sport Participants by Country. Meeting recommended PA level = proportion of individuals who did ≥150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity sport [e.g., jogging and dancing] or ≥60 minutes/week of vigorous-intensity sport [e.g., basketball and rowing]). https://scispace.com/papers/physical-and-psychological-health-outcomes-of-qigong-2n7urqsmrp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-exploratory-comparisons-of-subgroup-differences-in-267rwruy.png Table 3. Exploratory Comparisons of Subgroup Differences in Physical and Functional Ability https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-physical-and-psychological-effects-of-vt0cvcw1.png Table 1. Summary of the Physical and Psychological Effects of Qigong Exercise in RCTs https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-risk-of-bias-assessment-of-included-rcts-25a8ety5.png Table 2. Risk of Bias Assessment of Included RCTs https://scispace.com/papers/physical-and-chemical-constraints-on-transformation-and-mass-9iznkvc5f7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-748-1irwg82s.png Figure 4. 748 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-743-8dy4l8jc.png Figure 3. 743 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-771-772-15xwdo7e.png Figure 7. 771 772 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-between-eof1-and-eof2-categorized-based-23djv9d7.png Table 1. Comparison between EOF1 and EOF2 categorized based on size-separated number concentrations 666 measured in Jeju during 2013–2016. (Mean 1 standard deviation). 667 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-740-741-16wwqufo.png Figure 2. 740 741 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-759-1vsl67tf.png Figure 6. 759 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-between-two-periods-eof1-case-and-eof2-3i1i47ad.png Table 2. Comparison between two periods (“EOF1 case” and “EOF2 case”) occurred during the KORUS-AQ 672 campaign in 2016. 673 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-755-756-345agoew.png Figure 5. 755 756 https://scispace.com/papers/physical-chemical-and-mineralogical-characterisation-of-28m0m6ugp9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-sem-microg-sc53wdbt.png Fig. 12. SEM microg https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-feg-sem-micrographs-s-1bhe8gfv.png Fig. 13. FEG-SEM micrographs s https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-profiles-showing-brine-influence-on-cl-of-wfca-1gagy1o9.png Fig. 10. Profiles showing brine influence on Cl of WFCA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-profiles-showing-brine-influence-on-s-of-wfca-2qhb3gai.png Fig. 11. Profiles showing brine influence on S of WFCA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-profile-of-ca-in-boreholes-3fzje710.png Fig. 9. Profile of Ca in boreholes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-side-vie-12vmfff8.png Fig. 1. The side vie https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-layout-of-fcad-6r6kb5c4.png Fig. 2. The layout of FCAD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summarised-xrd-results-of-wfca-and-fly-ash-1ldu4w4o.png Table 4 Summarised XRD results of WFCA and fly ash. https://scispace.com/papers/physical-aspects-of-charged-particle-track-structure-2p8a1566io 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-ii-a-plot-of-the-van-hove-inverse-mean-free-path-as-a-2xwgs42u.png FIG. II. A plot of the "Van Hove" inverse mean free path as a function of impact parameter for an ion with speed v = 20 a.u. moving in an electron gas with a plasma energy of 15.4eV. The dashed line shows a plot of the distribution computed from the approximate form [equation (32)] while the solid curve was calculated from equation (31). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-g-values-for-oh-formation-and-generation-of-the-3ok6t4j0.png FIG. 17. G-values for OH formation and generation of the hydrated electron in water as a function of time after irradiation by a 5 keY electron. The OH data shown by the symbol (0) were found using OREC with the algorithm for generation and decay of collective excitations while the symbol (6) shows data obtained without using this algorithm. The data for e ~ were found to be insensitive to whether the algorithm is used or not. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-spectral-dependence-of-the-reflectance-r-the-real-3ojijqex.png FIG. 4. The spectral dependence of the reflectance R, the real and the imaginary parts of the dielectric function and the energy-loss function for the semiconductor silicon (from Raether, 1965). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-dielectric-functions-and-the-energy-loss-function-3mjln1mq.png FIG. 5. The dielectric functions and the energy-loss function for diamond. The solid lines show data inferred from energy-loss measurements while the dotted lines are optical data (from Raether, 1965). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-spectral-dependence-of-the-real-and-imaginary-2hd0yg8q.png FIG. 3. The spectral dependence of the real and imaginary Parts of the dielectric function of Ag metal and the energyloss function (from Raether, 1965). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-energy-loss-function-for-a-tight-binding-solid-2oh4b21j.png FIG. 9. The energy-loss function for a tight-binding solid with a band gap of 9 eV, an atomic density of 4.05 g/cm and an orbital radius of 0.78 a.u. (Ritchie el al., 1975). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-dielectric-functions-and-energy-loss-function-for-3o3fnzne.png FIG. 7. Dielectric functions and energy-loss function for liquid water (Heller el al., 1974). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-a-plot-of-the-scaled-dimfp-vs-impact-parameter-b-52gy0va2.png FIG. 12. A plot of the scaled DIMFP vs impact parameter b computed from the Chang-Raman transform equation (37) (labeled CR), and from the energy transfer transform equation (38) after integration over w (labeled ET). The plasma energy is taken to be 10.2 eV. Both sets of data have been multiplied by b to emphasize the differences for large b. https://scispace.com/papers/physical-controls-on-carbonate-intraclasts-modern-flat-45dv8htycz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-photomicrographs-of-flat-pebbles-a-sand-sized-kflui73l.png Figure 3. Photomicrographs of flat pebbles. (a) Sand‐sized particles are dominantly ooids (coated grains) with both rinds of clear carbonate cement. Pores are filled with blue‐stained epoxy. (b) Where cements are thinner, cement morphology is isopachous and subequant. Pores are filled with colorless epoxy. (c) Thicker cements display bladed crystals with flat tips, implying aragonite is the primary mineralogy. (d) Close‐up of subequant cements. The thinnest observed cements are ~5 μm in length perpendicular to the ooid surface. (e) Early generation of micritic cement that develops near clast edges. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-competition-between-cementation-and-bioturbation-a-kmstqib1.png Figure 8. Competition between cementation and bioturbation. (a) Conceptual model for chemical and physical controls on substrate cohesion, focusing on the sediment‐water interface. (b) During diagenesis, cement growth reduces the available surface area, reducing interfacial free energy but increasing sediment cohesion. (c) Burrowing organisms can fracture early cements and increase the surface area. This process opposes cementation and acts to keep the sediments loose. (d) Cross plot of changing interfacial work due to cement growth versus bioturbation for several modern settings. Notice that the variability in energy from bioturbation (x axis) spans several orders of magnitude. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-length-of-time-between-transport-events-near-miera-2ew2dqp9.png Figure 7. Length of time between transport events near Miera Spit (Sites A and B in Figure 1a). Periods were calculated by counting consecutive days for which shear velocity was below 8 cm/s at each site. The longest observed lag between transport events was 187 days or approximately 6 months. Dashed lines show the amount of time it would take to precipitate 5 μm‐thick cements under a given saturation state. The timescales were calculated using Equation 2 with the constants from Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-large-scale-sedimentary-features-near-miera-spit-13eajrpy.png Figure 4. Large‐scale sedimentary features near Miera Spit and their relation to lake level history determined from satellite imagery and USGS‐reported lake levels. (a) Two classes of bedforms, including low‐sinuosity to barchanoid bedforms (red) and shoreline‐parallel ridges behind the current‐day shoreline (yellow). (b) Satellite image from 2009 when the lake level was higher. The low‐sinuosity bedforms are clearly visible adjacent to the spit. (c) Satellite imagery from 2019 showing lower overall lake levels. The low‐sinuosity bedforms are exposed, and the shoreline‐parallel beach ridges have developed. (d) Distributions of intermediate axis diameter for ooid sand samples GSL19‐2 and GSL19‐5. Sample locations are shown in Figure 1c. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-facies-exposed-along-the-beach-near-miera-spit-a-3uoyvrpt.png Figure 5. Facies exposed along the beach near Miera Spit. (a) Starved ripple facies on top of a deflation surface. Light‐colored, rippled sediment is slightly coarser than the darker underlying grainstones. (b) Rounded‐to subrounded clasts of flat‐pebble conglomerate. Clasts are smaller, rounder, and less frequent farther from the beach. (c) Larger, more angular clasts near that make up the shore‐parallel ridges. (d) Imbricated “rosette” of flat‐pebble conglomerate. These features are common products of storm reworking in gravel shorelines (Sanderson & Donovan, 1974). (e) Low‐relief ridge behind the shoreline, interpreted as a storm berm. Annotations show the approximate locations of a–d. (f) Lithified, sharp‐crested wave ripples in varying states of preservation. (g) Idealized facies model during a stable lake level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-google-earth-tm-imagery-of-the-study-location-a-37erxrae.png Figure 1. Google Earth (TM) imagery of the study location. (a) Overview of Great Salt Lake, UT. Antelope Island State Park is located within the southern basin. (b) Inset of Antelope Island State Park. The light‐colored rim around the island marks Holocene beaches, marshes, and deflation flats composed of carbonate sediments. (c) Inset of the study area near the southwest corner of Antelope Island. Contour lines show 1 m changes in lake bathymetry calculated from the digital elevation model by Tarboton (2017). Points GSL 19‐2 and GSL 19‐5 represent sample locations for unconsolidated sediments, while Points A and B represent offshore sites evaluated in the wave models in Figures 2 and 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-maps-of-relative-elemental-abundances-from-mxrf-yw5vuop0.png Figure 6. Maps of relative elemental abundances from μXRF. Both the oolitic cortices and interparticle cements are composed of calcium carbonate. Note that the low sulfur abundances between grains are inconsistent with sulfate evaporites (e.g., mirabolite). Spot size is approximately 20 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-data-and-maps-for-linear-wave-models-a-wind-speed-30hpy20h.png Figure 2. Data and maps for linear wave models. (a) Wind speed and direction data from the University of Utah's Mesowest database (Horel et al., 2002). Data were averaged over 4‐hr intervals and covered 1998–2020. (b) Bathymetry map calculated from a digital elevation model (Tarboton, 2017) at a lake level of 1,279.15 m. Ooid distributions (hatch pattern) are from Eardley (1938). (c) Fetch map calculated using the edges of the bathymetry map and a wind direction of 270°. (d) Example map of shear velocities calculated for 30 mph winds with a bearing of 270°. https://scispace.com/papers/physical-electrical-and-magnetic-properties-of-cr-doped-4ekyvzwsio 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calculated-lattice-parameters-for-the-diferent-ffilk70x.png Table 1. Calculated lattice parameters for the diferent samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-resistivity-measurement-results-for-the-diferente-2duuew3j.png Table 2. Resistivity measurement results for the diferente samples https://scispace.com/papers/physical-design-tools-support-and-hinder-innovative-2cr0opv9nl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-group-means-and-standard-deviations-for-team-average-2qjmt3e4.png Table 1 Group means and standard deviations for team average and team max experience (both in %) by success group https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hours-of-total-team-meeting-time-by-team-success-1ukfiazr.png Fig. 2 Hours of total team meeting time by team success levels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-percentage-of-each-design-tool-use-by-the-function-of-zr927rx0.png Fig. 3 Percentage of each design tool use by the function of success group. Note that multiple tools could be used simultaneously, and thus the sum of the tools percentages typically exceeds 100%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-percentage-of-each-design-tool-use-by-the-function-of-200rxzp8.png Fig. 4 Percentage of each design tool use by the function of success group and phase https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-pathways-of-design-tool-use-and-outcomes-3w49mopf.png Fig. 1 Schematic pathways of design tool use and outcomes https://scispace.com/papers/physical-education-in-taiwan-when-students-begin-to-take-48zog6cv3t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-pre-and-post-scores-for-intrinsic-value-self-1g61zaf0.png Figure 3. Mean pre and post scores for intrinsic value, self-efficacy, cognitive strategy use, lack of self-regulation, and test anxiety using the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, for 632 school students who participated in the 8-week self-regulated learning approach in PE lessons in Taiwan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-pre-and-post-scores-for-enjoyment-perceived-96nw3h7t.png Figure 2. Mean pre and post scores for enjoyment, perceived competence, and effort using the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory, for 21 school students who participated in 8- week block of standard PE lessons in Taiwan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-pre-and-post-scores-for-goal-setting-strategy-17kq8nyd.png Figure 5. Mean pre and post scores for goal setting, strategy implementation and strategy monitoring using the Five Component Scale for Self-regulation, for 632 school students who participated in the 8-week self-regulated learning approach in PE lessons in Taiwan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-pre-and-post-scores-for-goal-setting-strategy-2lm6w2vy.png Figure 6. Mean pre and post scores for goal setting, strategy implementation and strategy monitoring using the Five Component Scale for Self-regulation, for 21 school students who participated in 8-week block of standard PE lessons in Taiwan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-pre-and-post-scores-for-intrinsic-value-self-791v7g84.png Figure 4. Mean pre and post scores for intrinsic value, self-efficacy, cognitive strategy use, lack of self-regulation, and test anxiety using the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, for 21 school students who participated in 8-week block of standard PE lessons in Taiwan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-pre-and-post-scores-for-enjoyment-perceived-3mp3myur.png Figure 1. Mean pre and post scores for enjoyment, perceived competence, and effort using the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory, for 632 school students who participated in the 8-week self-regulated learning approach in PE lessons in Taiwan. https://scispace.com/papers/physical-engineering-of-an-island-braided-river-by-two-2nu3z07se4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-study-reach-showing-areas-i-ii-and-iii-where-3eg0xz7p.png Figure 1: The study reach showing areas I, II and III where field surveys were conducted in 2019, the transect at 75 km from source where Karrenberg et al. (2003) undertook field measurements, and survey locations A, B, C, D, DE and E where field measurements were collected within the study reach in 2007. (The image was downloaded from Google Earth, image©2019 Maxar Technologies). Flow is from North East (top right) to South West (bottom left). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-area-iia-northern-part-of-area-ii-red-polygon-and-1clotm10.png Figure 5: Area IIA (northern part of area II, red polygon) and locations of alder trees surveyed in 2019 (yellow dots) overlain with lines of alder (orange lines) over-plotted on rectified aerial images captured in 1986, 1993, 1997, 2003, 2005, and 2017. North is towards the top of the images and flow is from North East to South West. The 2017 image was obtained from Google Earth: Image © 2020 Maxar Technologies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-proportional-frequency-distributions-of-a-the-2xpfbkth.png Figure 9: Proportional frequency distributions of (A) the average DEM within areas I, II and III overplotted on the DEMs estimated from lidar data for 2005, 2010, 2013; (b) the elevational distribution of all woody vegetation cover within areas I, II and III from the lidar data for 2005, 2010, 2013; (C) the elevational distribution of the land surface at locations occupied by alder >4 m tall in 2019 from the lidar data for 2005, 2010 and 2013. The elevational distribution of all woody vegetation cover and of locations occupied by alder >4 m tall in 2019 in 2005 (D), 2010 (E) and 2013 (F) within areas I, II and III, overplotted on the average DEM for the same areas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-woody-species-and-cumulative-basal-area-10fyyqpz.png Figure 2: Number of woody species and cumulative basal area of the three most common species observed at sites spaced at 10 km intervals along the main stem of the Tagliamento in summer 1999 (data from Karrenberg et al., 2003). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-annual-growth-rates-of-a-incana-according-to-tree-1updy4i3.png Figure I: Annual growth rates of A. incana according to tree age (a) from the published literature and (B) in comparison with field measurements from the Tagliamento in 2007. Height of A. incana according to stem diameter (A) from the published literature and (B) in comparison with field measurements from the Tagliamento data in 2007 and 2019. Note the the data from the literature and almost entirely stand averages whereas the data from the Tagliamento are measurements of individual trees. (Data sources: Huss-Danell and Lundmark, 1988; Aosaar and Uri, 2008; Johansson, 2005; Uri et al., 2009, 2014, 2017; Krzaklewski et al., 2012, Wilson et al., 2018) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-extracted-from-frequency-3ow1mxvx.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics extracted from frequency distributions of the elevation of the entire river bed (DEM), of land surface at locations occupied by alder > 4m tall in 2019 (alder), and of all woody vegetation cover (vegetated area) estimated from the lidar data for 2005, 2010, 2013 for the whole of within areas I, II and III. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-daily-river-stage-record-1985-to-present-at-the-34aze753.png Figure 3: Daily river stage record, 1985 to present, at the Villuzza station (located 3 km downstream from the study reach). The record after 2000 (black line) represents the daily maximum stage extracted from 30 minute observations. The precise nature of the record before 2000 (grey line) is unknown but probably varies between single observations within a day and the highest observation within a day (where the number of observations within a day is highly variable). Arrows indicate floods exceeding the approximate level of bankfull (stage = 3 m) with black arrows denoting the four floods discussed in detail and white arrows denoting other floods with a stage exceeding 3 m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-area-i-red-polygon-and-locations-of-alder-trees-3dwsjspk.png Figure 4: Area I (red polygon) and locations of alder trees surveyed in 2019 (yellow dots) overlain with lines of alder (orange lines) over-plotted on rectified aerial images captured in 1986, 1993, 1997, 2003, 2005, and 2017. North is towards the top of the images and flow is from North to South. The 2017 image was obtained from Google Earth: Image © 2020 Maxar Technologies. https://scispace.com/papers/physical-insight-into-the-growing-evanescent-fields-of-1ftcdmevox 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-effective-tl-models-in-lossless-dps-dng-eng-mng-m5ask268.png TABLE I EFFECTIVE TL MODELS IN LOSSLESS DPS, DNG, ENG, MNG SLABS FOR THE TE PROPAGATING AS WELL AS EVANESCENT WAVES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geometry-of-the-problem-and-equivalent-tlmodel-for-a-1ckxjfwl.png Fig. 1. Geometry of the problem and equivalent TLmodel for a TMevanescent wave impinging on the Pendry’s perfect lens. https://scispace.com/papers/physical-insight-into-the-polarization-dynamics-of-2hba8ppygl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-graphical-representation-on-the-poincare-sphere-of-the-ud0n9ijg.png FIG. 4. Graphical representation on the Poincare´ sphere of the polarization evolution due to the four driving mechanisms:~a! only birefringence (s,0), ~b! only dichroism (e,0), ~c! only ‘‘absorptive’’ nonlinear effects~for a50), ~d! only ‘‘dispersive’’ nonlinear effects~effect of aÞ0 only!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-evolution-around-a-linearly-polarized-stationa-25q04g3r.png FIG. 3. The evolution around a linearly polarized stationa state, expressed in the deviations Re@ # and Im@R#. Linear birefringence alone will makeR rotate around the stationary point, where linear dichroism will push it away or pull it towards this point. Th action of the last term in Eq.~14! is presented by the arrows in th figure; they show how the nonlinear anisotropy does not aver out over a full round trip, but effectively pullsR towards the stationary state, while also giving it additional spin. The nonline term thus acts as effective dichroism and birefringence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-stability-diagram-for-the-laser-polarization-in-the-s-31ui5ocy.png FIG. 2. Stability diagram for the laser polarization in the (s,m) plane for the case50.02s ~a! ande520.02s ~b!. Note how the stability boundary of the low-frequency mode~sloping line! is hardly affected by the dichroism and how the stability of the hig frequency mode is drastically changed. Note also that at low pu rate only the mode with the lowest linear loss is stable. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-stability-diagram-for-the-laser-polarization-in-the-s-3o87j16q.png FIG. 1. Stability diagram for the laser polarization in the (s,m) plane in the absence of dichroism (e50). The stabilities of the lowand high-frequency polarization mode are denoted by the la ‘‘lo’’ and ‘‘hi,’’ respectively. The two solid lines are the stability boundaries. The vertically dashed area shows the parameter r in which adiabatic elimination of the spin dynamics is allowed; t horizontally dashed area shows the range in which nonlinear eff can be treated in a perturbative way. https://scispace.com/papers/physical-mechanisms-controlling-the-generation-of-laser-onug3j3q1s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-physical-situation-coiisidered-whei-determiniiig-1wt5ckwm.png Figure 3: Physical situation coiisidered whei determiniiig the recoil stress of the ablation products. The e1ocities i and it2 are given in a refereice frame moving with the shock wave. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-physical-situation-considered-vhen-determining-the-cxmcdy7p.png Figure 4: Physical situation considered vhen determining the recoil effects produced by plasma formation and expansion. The velocities are given in the reference franie of the shock wave. See text for (letails. https://scispace.com/papers/physical-layer-network-coding-in-coded-ofdm-systems-with-3gkhb4oknh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fer-performance-at-the-relay-for-the-app-based-schemes-405uz2z9.png Fig. 4. FER performance at the relay for the APP based schemes and the MMSE-SIC scheme over multi-path fading channels using OFDM. The LDPC codeword length is set to n = 16200, 100 iterations, RC = 0.5, QPSK. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fer-performance-at-the-relay-for-the-app-based-schemes-10lgaeit.png Fig. 5. FER performance at the relay for the APP based schemes and the MMSE-SIC scheme over multi-path fading channels using OFDM. The LDPC codeword length is set to n = 16200, 100 iterations, RC = 0.9, QPSK. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mutual-information-for-the-app-based-schemes-and-1xp450rs.png Fig. 3. Mutual information for the APP based schemes and different MIMO detection schemes over multi-path fading channels using OFDM. The relay is equipped with K = 2 antennas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mutual-information-for-the-sdc-jcnc-and-g-jcnc-schemes-2xcof6n3.png Fig. 2. Mutual information for the SDC, JCNC and G-JCNC schemes over multi-path fading channels using OFDM. The relay is equipped with different number of antennas, i.e., K = 1, 2, 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-two-way-relaying-network-where-sources-a-and-b-22lz51cc.png Fig. 1. A two-way relaying network where sources A and B transmit simultaneously to relay R in the MA phase. Both sources are equipped with one antenna and the relay is equipped with K antennas. https://scispace.com/papers/physical-modelling-and-design-optimizations-for-a-new-2bzv9otilo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-testing-breakwater-stability-for-5-alternatives-of-ptkvnhnz.png Figure 4. Testing breakwater stability for 5 alternatives of the north breakwater. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-testing-stub-breakwater-stability-for-2-different-383ieyq3.png Figure 3. Testing stub breakwater stability for 2 different incident wave angles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-recommended-cross-section-alternatives-for-the-27au8snc.png Figure 5. Recommended cross-section alternatives for the north breakwater. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-assessment-of-stub-breakwater-length-and-north-1h8exxn6.png Figure 7. Assessment of stub breakwater length and north breakwater extension. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-concept-layout-plan-for-the-first-phase-of-the-3ew97vq0.png Figure 1. Concept layout plan for the first phase of the proposed expansion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stability-assessment-for-the-north-and-stub-tsv6jstg.png Figure 2. Stability assessment for the north and stub breakwaters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3d-model-of-wave-agitation-and-moored-vessel-motion-gle1zhxe.png Figure 6. 3D model of wave agitation and moored vessel motion. https://scispace.com/papers/physical-modelling-of-breaking-tidal-bores-comparison-with-9vb9e3iv4z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ratio-of-conjugate-cross-section-areas-a2-a1-as-a-j5yc1e6s.png Fig. 2 - Ratio of conjugate cross-section areas A2/A1 as a function of the bore Froude number F1 - Comparison between field data, laboratory data (Ensemble-averaged: Chanson and Docherty 2012, Present study; Single data set: Chanson 2010, Chanson and Docherty 2012) and the Bélanger equation (Eq. (6)) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-turbulent-velocity-measurements-in-en61zcsx.png Table 1- Details of turbulent velocity measurements in breaking tidal bores: field and laboratory studies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dimensionless-longitudinal-deceleration-in-breaking-1olp27a3.png Fig. 5 - Dimensionless longitudinal deceleration in breaking tidal bores - Comparison between prototype data (Sélune River, Mouazé et al. 2010) and laboratory data (Present study) - Trendlines for F1 = 1.74 (left) and 2.1 (left) https://scispace.com/papers/physical-modelling-of-forest-fire-spreading-through-4dw4wojo02 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-parameters-for-a-bed-of-pinus-pinaster-needles-1phd3sm7.png Table 1. Model parameters for a bed of Pinus pinaster needles (fuel load of 0.5 kg m-2 487 and moisture content of 10 %) 488 489 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-the-different-simulated-tests-492-493-30ngn06o.png Table 2. Overview of the different simulated tests 492 493 https://scispace.com/papers/physical-modelling-to-remove-hydrological-effects-at-local-2ebsyidbbr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-daily-decimated-n37dege-tilt-signal-dotted-red-curve-13isygij.png Fig. 3: Daily decimated N37°E tilt signal (dotted red curve) vs. logarithm of water flow out of the mine (continuous black curve). Blue bars are estimated monthly time derivative of stored water variations (i.e.Rainfall minus .potential evapotranspiration minus runoff) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-raw-data-of-both-orthogonal-inclinometers-n37-1n015cuj.png Fig. 2: Raw data of both orthogonal inclinometers (N37 instrument below, N120 instrument above). Note the 100-nrad amplitude tides, and the repeated 250 nrad.month -1 -“drift” during 2 monthes on N37 instrument only. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-predicted-modelled-regional-surface-loading-in-light-1h61mc26.png Fig. 4: Predicted modelled regional surface loading in light red vs .recorded N37°E tilt signal (dark blue curve). For more clarity, the zero of precipitations is taken to be -40. Global scale hydrological loading has also been calculated, its long-period contribution is negligible (light green curve). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spatial-scales-associated-with-different-geodetic-1t2rf9ez.png Table 1: Spatial scales associated with different geodetic measurements and associated orders of magnitude (from previously cited works and this work) https://scispace.com/papers/physical-principles-of-the-amplification-of-electromagnetic-5cr4lpb5wr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-energy-solid-line-and-drift-velocity-dash-3rumitot.png FIG. 2: Average energy (solid line) and drift velocity (dash-dotted line) versus the scaled electric field ωBτ at ωcτ = 4. The velocity is normalized to the maximum miniband velocity of the electron V0 = ∆d/2~ and the energy is normalized to ∆. The horizontal dashed straight line corresponds to the middle of the miniband and the vertical dashed straight lines correspond to Bloch frequencies at which the effective mass and derivative of the velocity with respect to ωB change sign. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ballistic-trajectories-in-the-kx-ky-plane-kv1v7utt.png FIG. 1: Ballistic trajectories in the (Kx;Ky) plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-region-of-fields-and-frequencies-corresponding-to-1tnremkn.png FIG. 3: (a) Region of fields and frequencies corresponding to the amplification of a weak alternating field in the superlattice (shaded area). The solid line is https://scispace.com/papers/physical-processes-their-life-and-their-history-3o4zt4o7jh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-overview-of-my-ontological-framework-2f37fyf9.png Fig 2. An overview of my ontological framework https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-distinction-between-experiential-and-historical-1s0c3hlu.png Fig 1. The distinction between experiential and historical entities (from Galton, 2008) https://scispace.com/papers/physical-restraints-consensus-of-a-research-definition-using-1qam2fl1yc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-delphi-technique-restraint-definitions-after-each-32qzlf59.png Table 1. Delphi Technique Restraint Definitions After Each Round https://scispace.com/papers/physician-review-websites-effects-of-the-proportion-and-22uk3yj2fo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-demographic-characteristics-of-the-sample-n1-4-500-39hstq9q.png Table 3. Demographic characteristics of the sample (N¼ 500) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-positive-and-negative-versions-of-each-review-a40ftglp.png Table 2. Positive and negative versions of each review https://scispace.com/papers/physician-prescribing-decisions-the-effects-of-situational-4z5tz98x6y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-17-analysis-of-variance-source-table-for-variability-2iiexhui.png Table 4.17. Analysis of Variance Source Table for Variability of Search Across Attributes Based on First Acquisition https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-16-mean-standard-deviation-variability-of-search-7etpsyab.png Table 4.16. Mean (Standard Deviation) Variability of Search Across Attributes Based on First Acquisition by situational Involvement and Task Complexity https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-5-analysis-of-variance-source-table-for-time-spent-3i0vsouy.png Table 4.5. Analysis of Variance Source Table for Time Spent Acquiring Information per Alternative https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-mean-standard-deviation-time-second-spent-1iorxjue.png Table 4.4. Mean (Standard Deviation) Time (second) Spent Acquiring Information per Alternative by Situational Involvement and Task Complexity https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-45-analysis-of-variance-source-table-for-average-uo7vhczt.png Table 4.45. Analysis of Variance Source Table for Average Spearman Rank Correlations between Order of Search and Ranked Order of Proportion of Time Spent on Drug Attribute https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-41-analysis-of-variance-source-table-for-average-mi7xr3xm.png Table 4.41. Analysis of Variance Source Table for Average Spearman Rank Correlations between Order of Search and Ranked Order of conjoint utilities https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-21-analysis-of-variance-source-table-for-variability-15y9pily.png Table 3.21. Analysis of Variance Source Table for Variability of Search Across Attributes Based on All AC~lisitions: pilot study https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-20-mean-standard-deviation-variability-of-search-2dp0piol.png Table 3.20. Mean (Standard Deviation) Variability of Search Across Attributes Based on All Acquisitions by Situational Involvement and Task Complexity: pilot Study https://scispace.com/papers/physical-stability-and-biological-activity-of-biofilms-under-189xkksri9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-test-section-for-continuous-monitoring-of-bio-r-lm-28pp6lur.png Fig. 1. Test section for continuous monitoring of bio®lm development https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-suppressing-the-bacteria-from-the-liquid-27iv7o3m.png Fig. 4. Effect of suppressing the bacteria from the liquid stream https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-liquid-velocity-on-bio-r-lm-density-and-vjqp1zb7.png Table 1. Effect of liquid velocity on bio®lm density and physical stability https://scispace.com/papers/physico-chemical-properties-of-the-new-generation-iv-iron-s12wau6wql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-classification-dosing-and-terminal-half-2sawe5hu.png Table 1 Chemical classification, dosing, and terminal half-life of the most important 913 current IV iron preparations 914 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-labile-or-free-iron-content-in-iv-iron-preparations-2smz79q0.png Table 3 Labile or “free” iron content in IV iron preparations assessed by different analytical methods. 931 https://scispace.com/papers/physicochemical-and-microbiological-quality-of-harvested-2ote7ztam0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regime-2-overall-microbiological-results-for-the-3hglmg3k.png Table 4 Regime 2 overall microbiological results for the harvested rainwater based on 3 monthly samples taken between January 2008 and April 2008 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overall-microbiological-results-for-the-harvested-2fgrfbfq.png Table 2 Overall microbiological results for the harvested rainwater based on 14 monthly samples taken between January 2006 and January 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regime-2-overall-physicochemical-results-for-the-34cfvxva.png Table 3 Regime 2 overall physicochemical results for the harvested rainwater based on 3 monthly samples taken between January 2008 and April 2008 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overall-physicochemical-results-for-the-harvested-3dyxjyzs.png Table 1 Overall physicochemical results for the harvested rainwater based on 14 monthly samples taken between January 2006 and January 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-rainwater-pilot-installation-clonalvy-co-3jxtd0mg.png Fig. 1. Schematic of rainwater pilot installation, Clonalvy, Co. Meath. https://scispace.com/papers/physicochemical-studies-of-aerosols-at-montreal-trudeau-53qs83r1cr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-and-indicate-an-abundance-of-sub-micron-particles-the-3rh2qpab.png Fig. 3 and indicate an abundance of sub-micron particles. The airborne nanoparticles seem to be nonspherical. Some of them have a high resemblance to soot or “black carbon” particles. Soot particles are aggregates of aciniform morphology composed of individual spherules produced by combustion (Medalia and Rivin, 1982). These compact aggregates are typical to diesel engine emissions and can be expected in samplescollected close to ground support vehicles and highway traffic. Black carbon is also a known constituent of aircraft engine emissions (Keuken et al., 2015; Durdina et al., 2017)Crystal lattices that could be indicative of the presence of fourlayered graphene were also seen. A previous study showed that the degree of graphene lamellae ordering of soot particles inn aircraft engine particulate matter increases with the thrust level of the aircraft engine (Vander Wal et al., 2014). This can be attributed to an increased temperature at higher thrust levels, which results in the desorption of volatiles as well re-orientation of the carbon chains into more organized structures (Liati et al., 2014; VanderWalet al., 2007). https://scispace.com/papers/physicochemical-and-biological-evaluation-of-poly-ethylene-3p4igebk1i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-adhesion-kinetics-of-s-aureus-gb-2-1-continuous-lines-3coi43jf.png Fig. 6. Adhesion kinetics of S. aureus GB 2/1 (continuous lines) and S. salivarius GB 24/9 (dotted lines) onto PDMS (gray lines) and PEGMA–PDMS (black lines) (Part I). Bacterial adhesion onto PDMS surfaces after 4 h: S. aureus GB 2/1 (A and C) and S. s a ( https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-xps-wide-spectra-for-pdms-gray-solid-line-i-pdms-3dvc1crt.png Fig. 5. XPS wide spectra for PDMS (gray solid line), I-PDMS (dotted line) and PEGMA–PDMS samples (black solid line) (Part I). C 1s core level regions spectrum for PDMS (gray solid line) and PEGMA–PDMS (black solid line). Polymerized PDMS spectrum decomposition is shown by dotted lines (Part II). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sem-images-from-a-bare-untreated-pdms-sample-a-1ipjh8ds.png Fig. 3. SEM images from a bare (untreated) PDMS sample (A); following initiator attac (PEGMA–PDMS; C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-water-contact-angle-values-of-pdms-pegma-surfaces-at-3i40s0gg.png Fig. 2. Water contact angle values of PDMS–PEGMA surfaces at different polymerization times (0 h corresponds to a I-PDMS sample (see Section 2.2.2)). Standard error bars were calculated using Student’s t distribution. Data were fitted by a second degree polynomial function to aid trend visualization. https://scispace.com/papers/physics-and-chemistry-of-materials-from-neutron-diffraction-4b2hjva5jo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristic-parameters-of-neutron-producing-34gjswo2.png Table 2. Characteristic parameters of neutron-producing reactions used in neutron sources https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristic-parameters-of-neutron-producing-14atrykj.png Table 2. Characteristic parameters of neutron-producing reactions used in neutron sources https://scispace.com/papers/physics-based-tracking-of-3d-objects-in-2d-image-sequences-379ptitqcc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tracking-multiple-objects-in-a-sequence-of-stereo-1o5bp0ow.png Figure 3: Tracking multiple objects in a sequence of stereo images (a) initialized models, (b) image potentials of an intermediate frame (both occlusions and visual events have occurred) (c-f) each object part correctly tracked with part models overlaid on the image potentials in (b). Note that the active model nodes are highlighted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-initial-pair-of-stereo-images-of-a-multi-object-29poh0to.png Figure 2: Initial pair of stereo images of a multi-object scene. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tracking-two-independently-moving-blocks-in-a-2yri93sz.png Figure 1: Tracking two independently moving blocks in a sequence of stereo images: (a) initialized models, (b) coming of a new frame, (c) beginning of the occlusion, (d) taller block partially occluded, (e) taller block becomes disoccluded, (f) no more occlusion. Note that the active model nodes are highlighted. https://scispace.com/papers/physics-guidelines-for-the-compact-ignition-tokamak-4dnkmyimpj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-ich-in-plt-which-produces-substantial-temperature-3jh8asdq.png Fig. 9. ICH in PLT, which produces substantial temperature rises. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cunes-of-constant-auxiliary-power-in-the-ctt-plasma-3i8jze7r.png Fig. 3. Cunes of constant auxiliary power in the CTT plasma operating space for Kaye-Goldston L-mode scaling for the case in which alpha power causes confinement degradation, and the ignition curve only for the case where alpha power does not cause confinement degradation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-operational-limits-in-beta-of-auxiliary-heated-tokamak-j2gqnur1.png Fig. 7. Operational limits in beta of auxiliary heated tokamak experiments. Courtesy of E. Strait (GAT). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i-side-riew-of-the-reference-ctt-design-courtesy-of-the-63lalvq2.png Fig. I. Side riew of the reference CTT design. Courtesy of the FEDC (ORNL). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-computed-current-density-profiles-for-standard-2ndt2nqv.png Fig. 8. Computed current density profiles for standard, constant 10-T toroidal field (TF), ?jid simultaneous toroidal and poloidal field ramp. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2a-the-plot-shows-the-contours-of-auxiliary-power-1rlu477s.png Fig. 2a. The plot shows the contours of auxiliary power https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i-a-curves-of-constant-auxiliary-heating-power-in-the-253w09xu.png Fig. I. Side riew of the reference CTT design. Courtesy of the FEDC (ORNL). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-confinement-projections-for-a-reference-cit-from-eaa1we3j.png Fig. 4. Confinement projections for a reference CIT, from individual experiments and from regression analysis of data from many experiments; the ignition condition depends strongly on tie density profile. https://scispace.com/papers/physics-based-expansion-on-3d-conformal-gaussian-beams-for-1ndttx36o3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-normalized-electric-far-field-of-a-cgb-a-sphere-at-u4znlm39.png Figure 6. Normalized electric far-field of a CGB: (a) sphere at r = 1000λ, (b) plane y = 0 at r = 1000λ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-configuration-for-the-numerical-experiment-9j1lclh8.png Figure 7. Configuration for the numerical experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-choice-of-cn-and-q-f-n-1lhh5bam.png Figure 2. Choice of cn and Q f n. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-difference-between-the-reference-and-the-analytical-2c947orj.png Figure 5. Difference between the reference and the analytical formulation of the electric field. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-electric-field-e-in-the-near-field-zone-a-cgb-2nyy4kjs.png Figure 11. Electric field E in the near field zone: (a) CGB summation, (b) difference with the reference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-influence-of-the-excitation-and-of-the-z-semi-axis-3ihyo30v.png Figure 10. Influence of the excitation and of the z semi-axis on the expansion accurary. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-electric-field-of-a-cgb-near-s-a-large-distance-14j7ozbf.png Figure 4. Electric field of a CGB near (S): (a) large-distance formulation, (b) reference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-one-conformal-gaussian-beam-23eadi2q.png Figure 3. One conformal Gaussian beam. https://scispace.com/papers/physiological-aeroecology-anatomical-and-physiological-2ynl7s8wy7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-2-a-more-rapid-flow-over-the-wing-than-under-the-wing-12yl31kv.png Fig. 5.2 (a) More rapid flow over the wing than under the wing generates lift; the resultant of this differential flow is a bound vortex that encircles the wing. (b) Due to the conservation of momentum, a starting vortex equal and opposite to the bound vortex also develops https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-5-the-pathways-for-conversion-of-stored-lipids-3to52be4.png Fig. 5.5 The pathways for conversion of stored lipids (triglycerides, TG) to forms that can be transported to the flight muscles are shown for (a) birds and (b) insects. Due to constraints on the density of free fatty acids (FFA) bound to albumin carried by the blood and the high metabolic demands of migratory flights, very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) manufactured in the liver are also used by small passerine birds to transport lipids to the flight muscles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-6-bird-eyes-are-unique-in-having-two-foveae-which-are-mskfckda.png Fig. 5.6 Bird eyes are unique in having two foveae, which are shown in this cross-sectional representation of the eyes (adapted from Tucker 2000). The cornea and lens are combined into a single circular idealized lens. Although somewhat controversial, the deeper, centrally located fovea centralis is believed to have higher resolution. For example, a sparrowhawk is thought to have sufficient resolution to see a fly on a branch at 250 m, but its central placement in the retina and the orientation of the eyes on the bird’s head generally makes one deep fovea unable to interact with the visual system from the bird’s other eye. The forward eyes of owls are an exception. In contrast, the shallow fovea temporalis is positioned laterally such that the foveae from the two eyes interact in binocular vision, improving depth perception during target approach https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-3-a-in-gliding-flight-a-swift-has-a-bound-vortex-31816mhg.png Fig. 5.3 (a) In gliding flight, a swift has a bound vortex encircling the wing along its chord, tip vortices formed from leakage over the wing tips, and a starting vortex left far behind from where the glide first began. Together these make an elongated vortex ring just like a fixed wing aircraft. The swift also has a leading edge vortex (on the upper surface of each wing but shown on only one) that generates additional lift. The swept back wings of the swallow are believed to stabilize the leading-edge vortex at even low angles of attack, as also seen in delta winged aircraft. (b) In flapping flight, sequential views of a bat are drawn with the first at the beginning of the downstroke, the second after it has completed the downstroke and is beginning the upstroke, and the third near the top of the upstroke. Unlike a gliding animal, the starting vortex, tip vortices, and bound vortex are generated with each downstroke of the wing and often during the upstroke as well, as shown here. From the beginning to the end of the downstroke and from the beginning to near the top of the upstroke, the bat is shown generating tip vortices that stretch between the sequential positions of the wing tips. The starting vortex and the bound vortex complete the donutlike ring through which most of the force generated by the circulating air is thrust. At the end of each half stroke, the bat sloughs off the bound vortex as the stopping vortex, one of which is to its left forming a part of the vortex ring generated from the sweep of the wings during the upstroke. Complete rings from the previous downstroke and upstroke form the vortex wake to the left of the bat. The arrow drawn through the vortex ring is a rough estimate of the direction of the force generated by the halfstroke. The downstroke generates most of the vertical lift and some of the thrust. (c) When wings of many butterflies and some other insects clap together at the top of the upstroke, they force a pocket of air out from between them and generate a vortex ring that rotates inward and backward, mainly generating thrust. These tracings of smoke trails from Srygley and Thomas (2002) show a cross section through the ring that is on a plane parallel to the page https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-4-a-the-decline-in-air-pressure-atm-and-air-density-kg-ago3txdz.png Fig. 5.4 (a) The decline in air pressure (atm) and air density (kg/m3) with elevation. Air density is also a function of temperature and relative humidity, and so to illustrate the change with elevation, we have assumed a temperature of 30 C at sea level and 20% relative humidity. Profiles show elevations of select mountains around the world. Representative elevations for bar-headed geese migrating over the Himalayas and Mexican free-tailed bats migrating in Colorado are indicated with arrows, and the range at which most birds migrate is indicated with brackets. The maximum elevation that moths are active on Mt. Kilimanjaro is indicated with an arrow as is the experimental limit for bumblebee flight. (b) The decline in ambient temperature ( C) with altitude in a stationary atmosphere, assuming a temperature of 30 and 20 C at ground level. Representative altitudes for ground-based radar-detected moth migrations are indicated with brackets. The highest records for a Heliothis zea moth (Westbrook 2008) and a Danaus plexippus butterfly (Gibo 1981) are indicated with arrows. Profiles show heights of human-made constructions and also the height of Mt. Kilimanjaro, a free-standing volcano that rises from its base at 900–5895 m. As a rough indication of the maximum altitude at which the winter moth and honeybee can fly above ground, we indicate the lower critical temperature (Tcrit) for flight muscles of winter moths and honeybees to contract (Esch 1988). However, Tcrit is based on muscle temperatures and not air temperatures, and so it is possible that these insects could continue to fly at altitudes with air temperatures lower than these lower critical temperatures (Tcrit), as long as their muscle temperature remained above Tcrit and the muscles were generating sufficient power for flight https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-7-a-birds-and-b-insects-can-both-increase-spatial-1eu9m3l1.png Fig. 5.7 (a) Birds and (b) insects can both increase spatial resolution of their vision by increasing the density of visual sensors. For a cross section of a bird’s eye, we show a doubling of retinal cells decreases the angle between the two light rays passing through the lens that are incident on adjacent cells. For a cross section through an insect compound eye, a doubling of ommatidia achieves the same result https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1-for-an-animal-such-as-this-pigeon-flying-forward-at-t6dhaho6.png Fig. 5.1 For an animal, such as this pigeon, flying forward at a steady speed without changes in altitude, vertical lift, and thrust counter the pigeon’s weight and drag on the body and wings https://scispace.com/papers/physiological-and-transcriptome-analysis-of-indica-rice-mh86-nnc6mznfw1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-annotation-of-five-kegg-enrichment-pathways-1-gene-3085u5d7.png Table 1 Annotation of five KEGG-enrichment pathways *1: Gene ID in EnsemblPlants *2: The Rice Annotation Project Database https://scispace.com/papers/physiological-and-proteomic-analyses-reveals-that-1pc7oark6k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1i279t98.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ulqdsgsy.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mr1dsxvs.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2sifmmyy.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-30mi2w6o.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/papers/physiological-diversity-enhanced-by-recurrent-divergence-and-5cleli70ph 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-39sn37gq.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/papers/physiological-effects-of-a-short-term-lifestyle-intervention-3lphi6jn7p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cutaneous-vascular-conductance-data-for-the-younger-p4r8cm9t.png Table 4 Cutaneous vascular conductance data for the younger and senior groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-compliance-to-md-calculated-from-the-3-day-diet-227e7nqw.png Table 3. Compliance to MD calculated from the 3-day diet diaries. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-sub-maximal-exercise-data-comparing-physiological-37nt0k2f.png Table 5. Sub-maximal exercise data comparing physiological function between visits and between groups. https://scispace.com/papers/physiological-responses-to-load-carriage-during-level-and-392b1am199 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physiological-responses-to-treadmill-walking-at-6-5-34tjp2qu.png Table 1. Physiological responses to treadmill walking at 6.5 km·h-1 (n=10) with level walking carrying no load (LW), level walking carrying 25 kg backpack (LWLC) and downhill walking carrying a 25 kg backpack (DWLC). Data presented as mean ± SD, at 5 minutes (baseline) and 120 minutes (final). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-heart-rate-beats-min-1-during-120-minutes-of-treadmill-1gbt0dyh.png Fig. 2. Heart rate (beats∙min-1) during 120 minutes of treadmill walking at 6.5 km·h-1 (n=10) with level walking carrying no load (LW, ■), level walking carrying 25 kg backpack (LWLC, ) and downhill walking carrying a 25 kg backpack (DWLC, •). Symbols indicate that HR at 120 min was increased above baseline for LW (#), LWLC (*) and DWLC (†) (P<0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-oxygen-uptake-b-percentage-change-in-oxygen-uptake-cavxe4cv.png Fig. 1. (A) Oxygen uptake (B) Percentage change in oxygen uptake from baseline value (minute 5) during 120 minutes of treadmill walking at 6.5 km·h-1 (n=10) with level walking carrying no load (LW, ■), level walking carrying 25 kg backpack (LWLC, ) and downhill walking carrying a 25 kg backpack (DWLC, •). Symbols indicate that ¦O2 at 120 min was increased above baseline for LW (#), LWLC (*) and DWLC (†) (P<0.05). https://scispace.com/papers/physiological-responses-to-interval-endurance-exercise-at-yjd9jeum3b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2733-361avpfd.png Figure 2733 https://scispace.com/papers/physiological-responses-to-partial-body-cryotherapy-2uf466kkwq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-physiological-data-mean-sd-collected-during-the-ir-vjbd9c52.png Table 4. Physiological data (mean ± SD) collected during the IR sub-sessions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-differences-with-cohens-d-of-autonomic-nervous-1pb9ite5.png Table 3. Mean differences (with Cohen’s d) of autonomic nervous system parameters after recovery (R0 vs. R90) in both conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graphical-overview-of-the-testing-protocol-with-the-1zlatfhi.png Figure. 1 Graphical overview of the testing protocol with the timeline of events. Exercise bout 1 (strength training), exercise bout 2 (IR), start of recovery (R0), end of recovery (R90), heart rate variability (HRV), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), temperature (T°), bioelectric impedance (BIA), partial-body cryotherapy (PBC), control condition (CON), energy cost (EC), minute ventilation (V’E), heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (V’O2), metabolic power (PMET). 101x31mm (300 x 300 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-individual-differences-9-subjects-in-energetic-cost-2jbk0659.png Figure. 3 Individual differences (9 subjects) in energetic cost (EC) between control (CON) and partial-body cryotherapy (PBC) conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/physiotherapy-management-of-greater-trochanteric-pain-rh5psz5a4o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-strengthening-exercise-formats-used-n-361-1zga64ln.png Table 3: Strengthening exercise formats used (n=361) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-perceived-role-of-corticosteroid-injection-for-gtps-2etko4jq.png Figure 5: Perceived role of corticosteroid injection for GTPS (presented as percentage of respondents, n=361) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-professional-and-demographic-profile-of-respondents-29dw57qz.png Table 1: Professional and demographic profile of respondents (n=361) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-physiotherapy-interventions-used-for-gtps-35i9qp92.png Table 2: Physiotherapy interventions used for GTPS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-types-of-neuromuscular-control-exercise-presented-19gvx2n5.png Figure 4: Types of neuromuscular control exercise (presented as percentage of respondents, n=361) https://scispace.com/papers/physique-attitudes-and-self-presentational-concerns-14f6it8lzc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-participants-characteristics-bqnls3q5.png Table I. Participants’ Characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/phyto-cleaning-of-particulate-matter-from-polluted-air-by-202w5i0qn0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1fy2lciu.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mc078b13.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3am4q332.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/phyto-and-zooplankton-paleofluxes-during-the-deposition-of-4o28yf5gvg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-between-relative-abundance-upper-line-and-2k35v2eb.png Fig. 5. Comparison between relative abundance (upper line) and accumulation rate (lower line) of calcareous nannofossils. S1 and oxidized S1 are indicated in dark grey and light grey respectively. The depth of the diagenetic intervals recognised in this core (D1 and D2, Crudeli et al., 2004) are shown on the right side of the panel. In the right side (upper line), the subdivision in ecozones for core SL9 obtained applying the definition of Principato et al. (2003) is displayed. See text for further explanation. Upper line, from the left side: E. huxleyi, which includes normally preserved and variably overgrowth forms (Crudeli et al., 2004)–H. carteri–small Helicosphaera spp. (H. pavimentum and H. hylina)–S. pulchra and OG Syracosphaera–Rhabdosphaera spp.–U. tenuis and OG Umbellosphaera–Umbilicosphaera spp.–holococcolith spp.–B. bigelowii–F. profunda–G. flabellatus. and A. robusta. At the left side of the lower line the accumulation rate of E. huxleyi and of the UPZ-MPZ forms, including E. huxleyi, is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relative-abundance-and-accumulation-rate-pfar-of-the-1mcf1h98.png Fig. 2. Relative abundance (%) and accumulation rate (pfAR) of the most representative planktonic foraminiferal species. S1 and oxidized S1 are indicated in dark grey and light grey respectively. On the right side of upper graphs the boundaries of 4 bassemblage zonesQ (Fp1a–Fp4a), according to Principato (2003), are reported. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sand-fraction-total-paleofluxes-of-calcareous-2g0gnek7.png Fig. 7. Sand fraction (%), total paleofluxes of calcareous nannofossils (cnAR), planktonic foraminifera (pfAR) and pteropods (pAR). S1 (dark grey) and oxidized S1 (light grey) are reported on the figure. The negative peak of Ba/Al and Corg recorded within S1 is indicated by a dotted area. The white rectangle indicates the interval where pteropods are absent. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-shell-weights-of-three-selected-species-of-planktonic-2xtg5jkx.png Fig. 4. Shell weights of three selected species of planktonic foraminifera. S1 Weight measurements are not recorded in two intervals (~1.5–2.5, 5–6 kyr samples the shells selected from the 250–355 Am fraction were not abunda https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simple-diversity-and-shannon-diversity-index-sdi-of-3vmb5mzm.png Fig. 3. Simple diversity and Shannon Diversity Index (SDI) of planktonic foraminifera (a) and calcareous nannofossils (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-eastern-mediterranean-sea-indicating-the-1j2kovbk.png Fig. 1. Map of the eastern Mediterranean Sea indicating the location of the SL9 box core location. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-caco3-a-ba-al-ppm-b-and-corg-c-versus-age-kyr-382x40lu.png Fig. 6. CaCO3 (%) (a), Ba/Al (ppm/%) (b) and Corg (%) (c) versus age (kyr). respectively. The Ba profile is normalized to Al to correct for fluctuations in c S1 is indicated by a dotted area. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-accumulation-rates-and-relative-abundance-of-minor-39b4652n.png Table 1 Accumulation rates and relative abundance of minor forms of coccoliths https://scispace.com/papers/phytoextracted-mining-wastes-for-ecocatalysis-eco-mn-an-3iae0i0t1r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-icp-ms-analysis-of-eco-mn-r-27dpnqo7.png Table 1 ICP-MS analysis of Eco-Mn® https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reductive-amination-of-cyclohexanone-with-aniline-3r4oia9t.png Table 2 Reductive amination of cyclohexanone with aniline catalyzed Eco-Mn® and comparison to previously published methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-influence-of-the-addition-of-water-on-the-first-step-1ohrtsvj.png Table 4 Influence of the addition of water on the first step of the reaction https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-eco-mn-r-and-classical-mn-chlorides-in-3u8z01h6.png Table 3 Comparison of Eco-Mn® and classical Mn chlorides in the reaction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-application-of-the-proposed-methodology-to-the-maxktxe4.png Fig. 6 Application of the proposed methodology to the preparation of precursors of pharmaceutical compounds https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-concept-of-transformation-of-metal-enriched-vfhdepsy.png Fig. 1 General concept of transformation of metal-enriched biomass into ecocatalysts https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-influence-of-the-amount-of-water-on-the-mncl2-heh-105ltzs5.png Fig. 4 Influence of the amount of water on the MnCl2/HEH reductive amination of ketones https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-gc-ms-chromatograms-obtained-with-bl0a6l10.png Fig. 5 Comparison of GC-MS chromatograms obtained with various catalysts and water amounts, after heating of HEH to 110°C, 1 h, in contact with air. https://scispace.com/papers/phytochemical-loaded-electrospun-nanofibers-as-novel-active-4ni6uztefj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-different-loaded-znf-and-zf-films-on-the-1xcbqyyg.png Figure 6. Effect of different loaded-ZNF and ZF films on the growth and survival of S. aureus on 511 cheese samples stored at 4 ºC. 512 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scanning-electron-microscopy-sem-images-of-neat-1b0j6l7p.png Figure 1. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of neat zein nanofibers and zein 329 nanofibers loaded with different concentrations of EOs. 330 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-tga-and-b-dtg-thermograms-reo-neat-zein-4jzk87h8.png Figure 4. (A) TGA and (B) DTG thermograms REO, neat zein nanofibers and zein nanofibers 432 loaded with different concentrations of REO. 433 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-zein-solution-properties-and-subsequent-3s43o11h.png Table 2. Zein solution properties and subsequent encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity and average electrospun fiber diameter obtained for 785 the various EOs contents (LEO: Laurus nobilis essential oil; REO: Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil). Mean value ± standard deviation. 786 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ftir-spectra-of-leo-a-and-reo-b-neat-zein-qawcfnw9.png Figure 2. FTIR spectra of LEO (A) and REO (B), neat zein nanofibers and zein nanofibers loaded 379 with different concentrations of EOs. 380 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-different-loaded-znf-and-zf-films-on-the-3qhos607.png Figure 5. Effect of different loaded-ZNF and ZF films on the growth and survival of L. 472 monocytogenes on cheese samples stored at 4 ºC. 473 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-minimal-inhibitory-concentration-mic-of-leo-reo-and-203gfbzz.png Table 3. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of LEO, REO and loaded zein nanofibers. 789 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effect-of-different-loaded-znf-and-zf-films-on-the-froyhq68.png Figure 7. Effect of different loaded-ZNF and ZF films on the growth and survival of aerobic 539 mesophilic bacteria on cheese samples stored at 4 ºC. 540 https://scispace.com/papers/phytoplankton-assemblages-in-a-complex-system-of-573e6754pn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-contribution-of-the-fgs-to-dissimilarity-among-the-2c9b18ym.png Fig. 4 Contribution of the FGs to dissimilarity among the studied reservoirs (SIMPER analysis, overall average dissimilarity 84) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-similarity-of-phytoplankton-fgs-between-the-pearl-15kxjeqg.png Fig. 5 Similarity of phytoplankton FGs between the Pearl River and the reservoirs arranged according to their distance (length of the pipeline) from the river https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-phytoplankton-biomass-in-the-pearl-river-a-and-in-the-2ei2azvb.png Fig. 3 Phytoplankton biomass in the Pearl River (a) and in the studied reservoirs (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ordination-biplot-cca-of-functional-groups-and-24dgc0s0.png Fig. 7 Ordination biplot (CCA) of functional groups and environmental variables in the isolated reservoirs. Composition of FGs coda is shown in Appendix 1—Electronic Supplementary Materials https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ordination-biplot-rda-of-functional-groups-fgs-and-5pod9qzz.png Fig. 6 Ordination biplot (RDA) of functional groups (FGs) and environmental variables in the connected reservoirs. Composition of FGs coda is shown in Appendix 1—Electronic Supplementary Materials https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-two-way-permanova-using-selected-environmental-rkus4hsp.png Table 2 Two-way PERMANOVA using selected environmental variables and Phytoplankton FGs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-patterns-of-selected-environmental-variables-a-secchi-1jr21ezc.png Fig. 2 Patterns of selected environmental variables (a Secchi disk transparency, b mixing depth, c total phosphorus, d dissolved inorganic nitrogen) in the studied reservoirs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-studied-reservoirs-showing-the-architecture-140pzkg4.png Fig. 1 Map of the studied reservoirs showing the architecture of the water system (round spot pump stations, square spot: reservoirs) https://scispace.com/papers/phytoplankton-of-rhithral-rivers-its-origin-diversity-and-j96jfcokbm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-621-2g0njg1q.png Table 3. 621 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-615-2a1n4c99.png Table 2. 615 https://scispace.com/papers/phytoplankton-community-responses-to-temperature-1uz9uxb686 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-thin-plate-spline-regression-response-surfaces-of-the-1tt2edy0.png FIG. 2. Thin-plate spline regression response surfaces of the effects of phosphorus and nitrogen on (a), (b) phytoplankton exponential growth rate (rmax, d 1) and (c), (d) potential maximum biomass (K, based on optical density) under (a), (c) constant and (b), (d) fluctuating temperature regimes with equal mean temperature values. Circles: experimentally derived parameter estimates used for the thin-plate spline regressions. Crosses: nonsignificant parameter estimates (see Appendix S1: Table S1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hypothetical-community-thermal-reaction-norms-trn-and-183ua25h.png FIG. 1. Hypothetical community thermal reaction norms (TRN) and nutrient-dependent variance effect. Fluctuating temperatures (e.g., Tlow, Thigh) around the thermal optimum should decrease the average growth rate (r) of an algal community, rðTÞ ¼ ðrðTlowÞ þ rðThighÞÞ=2, relative to that under constant temperature, rð T) (Jensen’s inequality). Suboptimal nutrient supply (concentrations, ratios) could change the shape of the TRN in various ways (a)–(c). Depending on whether nutrient supply affects the different regions of the TRN proportionally or not (colored arrows), the effect size of variance on r (d) can either (a) remain unchanged (all regions of the TRN decrease proportionally), (b) decrease (proportionally higher decrease around the optimum than near the tolerance limits), or (c) increase (proportionally higher decrease of the upper tolerance limit). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-phytoplankton-cellular-n-p-ratios-across-the-n-p-3h4xvlk8.png FIG. 4. Phytoplankton cellular N:P ratios across the N:P supply ratios at (a) the exponential (t1) and (b) stationary (t2) growth phase for constant (CT, black) and fluctuating (FT, red) temperature conditions. The dotted lines indicate the 1:1 line in each case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-thin-plate-spline-regression-response-surfaces-of-yn2n7u0l.png FIG. 3. Thin-plate spline regression response surfaces of nutrient-dependent variance effect sizes (log10-response ratio, LRR) on (a) phytoplankton exponential growth rate (rmax, d 1) and (b) maximum potential biomass (K, based on optical density). Circles: experimentally derived parameter estimates used for the thin-plate spline regressions. Crosses: nonsignificant parameter estimates (see Appendix S1: Table S1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nutrient-treatments-2363zrud.png TABLE 1. Nutrient treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-anova-of-supply-nutrient-concentrations-n-and-p-and-1ewsi5pa.png TABLE 2. ANOVA of supply nutrient concentrations (N and P) and temperature (Temp) effects on phytoplankton growth rate (rmax), potential maximum biomass (K), richness (R) and the effective number of species (Inverse Simpson diversity, 1/D). https://scispace.com/papers/phytoplankton-dynamics-in-permanent-and-temporary-1yr4vrbn8a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-non-metric-multidimensional-scaling-plot-of-the-eight-13jwcopo.png Fig. 6 Non metric multidimensional scaling plot of the eight phytoplankton functional groups shared by the studied ponds. BdG: Biviere di Gela; GdR: Gorgo di Rebuttone; SSR: Stagno di Santa Rosalia https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-trends-of-selected-environmental-variables-in-the-2fb5rg2m.png Fig. 1 Trends of selected environmental variables in the studied temporary ponds. A Temperature (Temp.), conductivity (Cond.). B Phytoplankton biomass (PB), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). Vertical dashed lines delimit the most frequent period of occurrence of annual macrophytes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-trends-of-selected-environmental-variables-in-the-34lrg0ov.png Fig. 2 Trends of selected environmental variables in the studied permanent pond during 1987–1988. A Temperature (Temp.), conductivity (Cond.). B Phytoplankton biomass (PB), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-biviere-di-gela-bdg-non-metric-multidimensional-2faqbec4.png Fig. 5 Biviere di Gela (BdG). Non metric multidimensional scaling plots of the phytoplankton pooled into functional groups in the two studied periods. Above 1987–1988; below 2005–2007 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-stagno-di-santa-rosalia-ssr-non-metric-aumbpykc.png Fig. 4 Stagno di Santa Rosalia (SSR). Non metric multidimensional scaling plots of the phytoplankton pooled into functional groups in the two studied periods. Above 1998–2000; below 2008–2009 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-gorgo-di-rebuttone-gdr-non-metric-multidimensional-3sa4cgst.png Fig. 3 Gorgo di Rebuttone (GdR). Non metric multidimensional scaling plots of the phytoplankton pooled into functional groups in the two studied periods. Above 2003–2004; below 2007–2008 https://scispace.com/papers/phytotoxicity-cytotoxicity-and-genotoxicity-evaluation-of-4fe6775h8m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gc-ms-chromatogram-of-dichloromethane-diethyl-1zj8v3ml.png Figure 2: GC-MS chromatogram of dichloromethane + diethyl either (A) and dichloromethane + nhexane (B) extracts of CETP treated TWW showing the presence of various residual organic pollutants (ROPs). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-different-concentrations-of-cetp-treated-2i663qrs.png Table 4: Effect of different concentrations of CETP treated tannery wastewater on Mitotic index (%) of root tip cells of A. cepa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-sampling-site-cetp-unnao-and-discharge-2j97qmzy.png Figure 1: Location of sampling site (CETP, Unnao) and discharge of treated tannery wastewater through a drain into the environment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-chromosomal-aberrations-observed-in-root-tip-cells-of-12nauq9b.png Fig. 4: Chromosomal aberrations observed in root tip cells of A. cepa exposed with different concentrations of CETP treated tannery wastewater. (a) chromosome loss, (b) vagrant chromosome, (c) Sticky metaphase, (d) c-mitosis (e) Binucleated (f) Micronucleated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-residual-organic-pollutants-identified-as-tms-2q3w6pth.png Table 2: Residual organic pollutants identified as TMS (Trimethylsilyl) derivatives by GC-MS/MS analysis of CETP treated tannery wastewater extracted with solvent system containing dichloromethane + diethyl either (A) and dichloromethane + n-hexane (B). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-different-chromosomal-and-nuclear-abnormalities-yvtuxh20.png Table 5: Different chromosomal and nuclear abnormalities observed in root tip cells of A. cepa exposed with different concentrations of CETP treated tannery wastewater. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-different-concentrations-of-cetp-treated-39see4oo.png Table 3: Effect of different concentrations of CETP treated tannery wastewater on seed germination, root length, and shoot length in mung bean (Vigna Radiata) plant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-different-concentrations-of-cetp-treated-1azgcaqa.png Fig 3: Effect of different concentrations of CETP-treated tannery wastewater on root growth (a) and root https://scispace.com/papers/pi-regulation-of-a-reaction-diffusion-equation-with-delayed-56csq19zw7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-evolution-of-the-closed-loop-system-for-a-time-1r41hmxa.png Fig. 1. Time evolution of the closed-loop system for a time-varying reference signal r(t) and a constant distributed perturbation d(t, x) = x https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-evolution-of-the-closed-loop-system-for-a-1jcsbom8.png Fig. 2. Time evolution of the closed-loop system for a constant reference signal r(t) = 50 and a time-varying distributed disturbance d(t, x) = d0(t)x https://scispace.com/papers/pico-meter-metrology-for-the-gaia-mission-4h4v0h6f77 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-top-view-of-optical-layout-of-bam-oma-jptuitm8.png Figure 5: Top view of optical layout of BAM OMA https://scispace.com/papers/picosecond-electron-diffraction-from-molecules-aligned-by-3e1lymfjj7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-experimental-geometry-gas-jet-electron-beam-and-2efsv1fi.png Figure 1. (a) Experimental geometry. Gas jet, electron beam and laser beam are mutually orthogonal. The 2D diffraction pattern is recorded. (b) Experimental setup: C = cathode, A = Anode, ML = Magnetic Lens, DS = delay stage, THG = third harmonic generation, LP = laser polarization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-df-r-curves-for-time-delays-between-5-0-ps-and-41-7-9rydp0i1.png Figure 4. Δf(r) curves for time delays between –5.0 ps and 41.7 ps. (a) Calculated from the ΔsM in Figure 3a. (b) Calculated from the ΔsM in Figure 3b. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dsm-curves-for-time-delays-between-5-0-ps-and-41-7-1u227ng2.png Figure 3. ΔsM curves for time delays between –5.0 ps and 41.7 ps. (a) Diffraction pattern in the angular region parallel to the laser polarization. (b) Diffraction pattern in the angular region perpendicular to the laser polarization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-experimental-and-theoretical-electron-diffraction-2md78md4.png Figure 2. (a) Experimental and theoretical electron diffraction pattern sM for C2F4I2. (b) Azimuthally averaged sM. (c) Radial distribution function f(r). https://scispace.com/papers/piecewise-planar-segmentation-for-automatic-scene-modeling-5co1z51iqt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evaluating-the-delineation-of-a-plane-g1puiotk.png Figure 2. Evaluating the delineation ∂ of a plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-piecewise-planar-modeling-a-shows-an-3iaootr1.png Figure 1. Example of piecewise planar modeling: (a) shows an image overlaid with the automatically recovered piecewise planarity and (b) the model rendered from a different point of view. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-metric-measures-on-the-initial-euclidean-2nad2wnb.png Table 2. Metric measures on the initial euclidean reconstruction (point-based) and on that obtained after the constrained photometric bundle adjustment (planebased). The lower σ1, σ2 and µ (see text) are, the better the reconstruction is. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-out-of-the-6-actual-images-of-an-architectural-1u9j924v.png Figure 4. 3 out of the 6 actual images of an architectural scene overlaid with features. Note the significant parallax of windows relatively to the wall. https://scispace.com/papers/piezo-valve-controller-for-the-gas-inlet-system-of-the-j00zon0ewg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-classification-of-gas-species-of-w7-x-gas-supply-bmwlp8nw.png Table 1: Classification of gas species of W7-X gas supply system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-design-of-a-valve-controller-unit-1n7nlcwm.png Fig. 4: Design of a valve controller unit https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-distribution-of-main-parts-of-the-gas-inlet-system-at-3qnmn94x.png Fig. 6: Distribution of main parts of the gas inlet system at W7-X https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schema-of-the-w7-x-gas-supply-system-nv1f87tt.png Fig. 1: Schema of the W7-X gas supply system https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-requirements-for-the-gas-inlet-system-of-w7-x-3vjss9um.png Table 2: Main requirements for the gas inlet system of W7-X https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-integration-of-the-valve-unit-within-gas-inlet-system-2qh70itd.png Fig. 2: Integration of the valve unit within gas inlet system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fast-gas-injection-system-of-fa-general-atomics-2i51hlld.png Fig. 3: Fast Gas Injection System of Fa. General Atomics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-description-of-the-operational-modes-of-the-valve-1uayq3dm.png Table 3: Description of the operational modes of the valve controller unit https://scispace.com/papers/piezoelectric-actuators-with-integrated-high-voltage-power-57qy6sbxxk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-experimental-temperature-distribution-with-the-28sj9xlf.png Fig. 11. Experimental temperature distribution with the electronics located at (a) the fixed end and (b) center. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-piezoelectric-bimorph-actuator-with-thermally-attached-2ok2x9j2.png Fig. 1. Piezoelectric bimorph actuator with thermally attached power electronics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-displacement-sensor-schematic-diagram-25u1tdy4.png Fig. 4. Displacement sensor schematic diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-connection-diagram-of-the-power-electronics-and-3vhcrtea.png Fig. 3. Connection diagram of the power electronics and actuator. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-properties-of-the-piezo-systems-q220-a4-503yb-bender-ynw1mg6r.png TABLE I PROPERTIES OF THE PIEZO SYSTEMS Q220-A4-503YB BENDER ACTUATOR https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-power-electronics-functionality-28-39oqhp4j.png Fig. 2. Power electronics functionality [28]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-electrical-model-of-a-piezoelectric-actuator-driven-3knbhii7.png Fig. 5. (a) Electrical model of a piezoelectric actuator driven in the grounded configuration and (b) the equivalent bridged configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cantilever-beam-model-with-the-fixed-end-heated-3b2fug6u.png Fig. 6. Cantilever beam model with the fixed-end heated. https://scispace.com/papers/piecing-it-all-together-and-forecasting-who-governs-the-2015-1vxi6mf1eg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-forecast-gb-vote-shares-by-date-of-forecast-with-95-37a3p7wu.png Figure 1 Forecast GB vote shares by date of forecast, with 95% prediction intervals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-central-forecast-and-pie-chart-of-probabilities-for-1wobbxx7.png Figure 2 Central forecast and pie chart of probabilities for governing majorities https://scispace.com/papers/piezoelectric-response-and-origin-in-001-pb-mg1-3nb2-3-0-2qjt35e962 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-e-field-dependent-piezoelectric-yd1uvc1v.png FIG. 3. Color online E-field-dependent piezoelectric coefficients d33 D circle symbol and d33 C triangle symbol . The inset is the maximum d33 D obtained from another 001 PMN-30%PT crystal with 29.6% Ti content. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-e-field-dependent-d-spacing-and-fwhm-3tmfw9ky.png FIG. 2. Color online E-field-dependent d spacing and FWHM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-e-field-dependent-002-a-pp-zf-and-b-nzf-1h46kadr.png FIG. 1. Color online E-field-dependent 002 a PP-ZF and b NZF XRD spectra. The solid and dashed lines correlate to the K 1 and K 2 radiations, respectively. The red solid line is the sum of fittings. The dotted line is a guide for the XRD shifts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-e-field-dependent-domain-structures-2z743qjj.png FIG. 4. Color online E-field-dependent domain structures observed at P /A=45° and 0°. https://scispace.com/papers/piezoelectric-ultrasonic-bidirectional-linear-actuator-for-5bumb1br6g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sliding-force-vs-velocity-a-leftward-and-b-rightward-2l8sm08g.png FIG. 4. Sliding force vs velocity: a leftward and b rightward. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-velocity-vs-time-for-a-single-run-a-leftward-1-733-mhz-ye2mlklg.png FIG. 3. Velocity vs time for a single run: a leftward, 1.733 MHz, and b rightward, 1.823 MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-experimental-setup-to-test-the-vpiyi0zy.png FIG. 2. Color online The experimental setup to test the performance of the motor system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-a-oblique-view-of-a-finite-element-1abaymkn.png FIG. 1. Color online The a oblique view of a finite element mesh used to model the stator for the motor alongside b a completed prototype stator. Notice the slider sits atop the pair of fins; the fins are a pair of cantilever beams mounted at an angle with asymmetry and have different fundamental flexural resonances if c the end masses are different. Depending on the relative size of the tip masses to the beams’ length, they either d reduce the resonance frequency mass effect or increase it stiffness effect . https://scispace.com/papers/pigs-in-the-faroe-islands-an-ancient-facet-of-the-islands-4a9r65rqzi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pig-element-recovery-from-ujf3-nisp-43-3gafy22x.png Figure 6. Pig element recovery from UJF3 (NISP = 43). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-proportions-of-pig-bones-in-mammalian-components-of-1q98q1as.png Figure 7. Proportions of pig bones in mammalian components of Norse-period zooarchaeological assemblages in the North Atlantic. Faroes: UJF1, 2, and 3 = Junkarinsfl øttur phases; Norway: Aaker = Aaker (Perdikaris 1990); Iceland: Tjarnarg. = Tjarnargata 4, Herjolfsd. = Herjolfsdalur (Amorosi 1996);,SVK L 9th = Sveigakot late 9th-century AD phase, SVK mid 10th = Sveigakot mid-10th-century AD phase, SVK e 11th = Sveigakot early 11th-century AD phase, SLH LW = Selhagi Lower = 9th–10th-century AD phase, SLH 11th–12th = Selhagi 11th–12th-century AD phase, HST mid 10th = Hofstaðir mid-10th-century AD phase, HST e 11th = Hofstaðir early 11th-century AD phase, HRH mid 10th = Hrísheimar mid-10th century AD phase (McGovern et al. 2001), GST mid 10th = Granastaðir mid-10th century AD phase (Einarsson 1994), and Svalbarð = Svalbarð (Amorosi 1992); Greenland: W 51 = Site W 51 (McGovern et al. 1996), W 48 = site W 48 (McGovern et al. 1983), E 17a = Site E 17a (McGovern et al. 1993), and GUS Ph1 = Gården Under Sandet Phase 1 (Enghoff 2003). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-grisgardar-the-pig-dykes-indicated-by-arrows-on-2i2b8gwu.png Figure 11. Grísgarðar—the pig-dykes—indicated by arrows on the promontory of Salthøvdi, Sandoy (21 on Fig. 10) (Photograph © S.V. Arge). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-pig-related-place-names-on-sandoy-showing-village-2ewitjkn.png Figure 10. Pig-related place-names on Sandoy, showing village boundaries (adapted from Fig. 5 in Arge 2005a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-view-across-the-bay-of-sandsvagur-to-k8dkkw8z.png Figure 1. The view across the bay of Sandsvágur to Junkarinsfl øttur, located on the eroding coastline to the right of the church in the village of Sandur with the site of á Sondum on the nearest side of the bay (Photograph © S.V. Arge). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-archaeological-investigations-of-the-eroding-cliff-1l8hpi6t.png Figure 2. Archaeological investigations of the eroding cliff at Junkarinsfl øttur (Photograph © S.V. Arge). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-radiocarbon-and-isotopic-results-for-selected-pig-3v30o9pk.png Table 1: Radiocarbon and isotopic results for selected pig bones recovered in the 2003 excavations at Junkarinsfl øttur (from Church et al. 2005, with additional 15N information). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-svinatoftir-in-the-outfi-eld-of-the-village-of-2h9tfjts.png Figure 9. Svínatoftir in the outfi eld of the village of Sørvágur, Vágoy. On the site are some small stone structures, indicated by arrows, which have not been excavated (Photograph © S.V. Arge). https://scispace.com/papers/piezoelectrically-actuated-insect-scale-flapping-wing-4ik11pg1yt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-net-lift-at-different-flight-speed-162qljfs.png Figure 15. Net lift at different flight speed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-piezoelectrically-actuated-s0eod5hg.png Figure 1. Schematic of the piezoelectrically actuated flapping wing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-tip-deflection-due-to-1-5v-excitation-2s5xqme2.png Figure 7. Tip deflection due to 1.5V excitation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-average-thrust-at-different-pitch-angle-1knh3c92.png Figure 12. Average thrust at different pitch angle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-of-flapping-angle-variations-with-3nww9df5.png Figure 10. Comparison of flapping angle variations with experimental data. https://scispace.com/papers/piloerection-is-not-a-reliable-physiological-correlate-of-52fj56fy2l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-piloerection-scores-mean-ratings-of-awe-and-l1fk3942.png Table 1. Mean piloerection scores, mean ratings of awe and surprise and the correlations among these measures in Sample 2. Piloerection ranged from -1 to 1; awe and surprise ranged from 0 to 100; **p < .01. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distributions-of-self-report-items-qualitative-emotion-322agu4m.png Fig. 1. Distributions of self-report items, qualitative emotion descriptors, and zero-order correlations for each video in Sample 1. S.R. = self-reported; *p < .05, **p < .01. https://scispace.com/papers/pilot-in-trail-procedure-validation-simulation-study-v55yd5ai3e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-astor-layout-15r9fkat.png Figure 3. ASTOR layout https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-aircraft-at-flight-level-340-fl340-desires-a-climb-1rvgzed0.png Figure 1. Aircraft at Flight Level 340 (FL340) desires a climb to FL360 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-itp-distance-3n1gvg6o.png Figure 2. ITP distance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-mch-workload-ratings-2syt8oh6.png Figure 5. Mean MCH workload ratings https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experiment-design-matrix-3t31crkb.png Table 1. Experiment Design Matrix https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-itp-application-symbology-epy7fuxg.png Figure 4. ITP application symbology https://scispace.com/papers/pilot-study-on-peptide-purity-synthetic-human-c-peptide-zcx6x2zvx3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hcp-mass-fractions-reported-by-participants-in-ccqm-3gk5p4k9.png Figure 2: hCP mass fractions reported by participants in CCQM-P55.2 - plotted with expanded uncertainties (U) at a confidence level of about 95 % https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hcp-impurity-identification-and-quantification-1zvwyhlf.png Figure 4: hCP impurity identification and quantification ‐ Overview (deahCP: deamidated hCP, phCP: pyroglutamylated hCP and DIC-hCP: N,N‘-Diisopropylcarbodiimide-hCP) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-mass-fraction-estimates-by-participants-for-hcp-in-hd1nx7cm.png Figure 8: Mass fraction estimates by participants for hCP in CCQM-P55.2 with their reported combined standard uncertainties (± uc, k = 1). The KCRVhCP (solid line) is 801.8 mg/g. The calculated combined standard uncertainty of the KCRVhCP is +3.1/-3.1 mg/g. Dashed lines show the u(KCRVhCP) (k = 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-mass-fraction-estimates-by-participants-for-hcp-in-1nukd60a.png Figure 9: Mass fraction estimates by participants for hCP in CCQM-P55.2 with their reported expanded uncertainties (± U, k = 2). The KCRVhCP (solid line) is 801.8 mg/g. The calculated expanded uncertainty of the KCRVhCP is +6.2/-6.2 mg/g. Dashed lines show the U(KCRVhCP) (k = 2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ccqm-p55-2-timetable-1zi526ek.png Table 1: CCQM-P55.2 Timetable https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-degree-of-equivalence-with-the-kcrvhcp-for-hcp-for-18sfn6im.png Figure 10: Degree of equivalence with the KCRVhCP for hCP for each CCQM-P55.2 participant. Points are plotted with the associated expanded uncertainty in the degree of equivalence corresponding to a confidence level of about 95 %. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-for-ccqm-p55-2-hcp-mass-fractions-and-2w481rkv.png Table 2: Results for CCQM-P55.2: hCP mass fractions and uncertainties as received https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-estimates-of-total-related-peptide-impurities-in-12jawn63.png Figure 5: Estimates of total related peptide impurities in CCQM-P55.2 plotted with their reported standard uncertainties (± uc, k = 1). The KCRVPepImp (solid line) is 83.3 mg/g. Dashed lines show the u(KCRVPepImp) (k = 1). https://scispace.com/papers/pillars-of-judgment-how-memory-abilities-affect-performance-4mj8v7yrrq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-structural-model-relating-judgment-performance-in-1k020vbz.png Figure 4. Structural model relating judgment performance in the test phase to memory abilities (see Figure 2 for a detailed description of the graphical representation). Judgment accuracy was measured in root mean square deviation (RMSD) with lower RMSD indicating more accurate judgments. Accordingly, correlations between the memory constructs and judgment accuracy are negative. Short, single-headed arrows pointing at the endogenous variables represent disturbances, the error variances of the endogenous variables. All loadings and correlations are standardized. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-training-and-validation-items-used-in-the-2celq52i.png Table 1 Training and Validation Items Used in the Multiplicative and the Linear Task. The Judgment Criterion Was Derived from Equation 1 (Linear) and Equation 2 (Multiplicative) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-measurement-model-for-judgment-performance-for-2dp5vrr6.png Figure 3. Measurement model for judgment performance for validation items with a correlation between the latent constructs judgment performance in the multiplicative task and judgment performance in the linear task (see Figure 2 for a detailed description of the graphical representation). All loadings and correlations are standardized. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-strategy-classification-of-participants-in-the-1plqyqq6.png Figure 1. Strategy classification of participants in the linear and the multiplicative task. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-structural-model-relating-judgment-performance-in-he3ard2x.png Figure 6. Structural model relating judgment performance in the test phase through strategy consistency to memory abilities (see Figure 2 for a detailed description of the graphical representation). All loadings and correlations are standardized. Correlation in parentheses indicates correlation without indirect effect. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-for-the-memory-and-judgment-3hl8c67a.png Table 2 Descriptive Statistics for the Memory and Judgment Tasks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-measurement-model-for-memory-abilities-with-a-77wpzrdx.png Figure 2. Measurement model for memory abilities with a correlation between the latent constructs working memory and episodic memory. Circles represent latent constructs and squares represent manifest variables. The numbers above the long, single-headed arrows give the standardized factor loadings; the numbers next to the short, single-headed arrows are error variances of the manifest variables. Double-headed arrows indicate correlations between the latent constructs. All loadings and correlations are standardized. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-structural-model-relating-judgment-performance-in-2nww53y9.png Figure 5. Structural model relating judgment performance in the test phase through strategy selection to memory abilities (see Figure 2 for a detailed description of the graphical representation). All loadings and correlations are standardized. Correlation in parentheses indicates correlation without indirect effect. https://scispace.com/papers/pilot-designs-for-consistent-frequency-offset-estimation-in-5130f9noi1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-noise-free-cfo-estimation-metrics-normalized-of-19hwsxbd.png Fig. 4. The noise-free CFO estimation metrics (normalized) of different preambles for a particular channel realization which yields inconsistency for the JL’s pilot signal https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-mse-performance-of-different-preambles-for-a-filepo4j.png Fig. 5. The MSE performance of different preambles for a particular channel realization which yields inconsistency for the JL’s pilot signal https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-noise-free-cfo-estimation-metrics-normalized-of-15c0tr1f.png Fig. 3. The noise-free CFO estimation metrics (normalized) of different preambles for a given channel realization https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-plot-of-mse-versus-normalized-cfo-showing-3aae81r7.png Fig. 6. The plot of MSE versus normalized CFO showing estimation ranges associated with different preambles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-cfo-estimation-metrics-normalized-associated-with-1qnnaf87.png Fig. 7. The CFO estimation metrics (normalized) associated with the IEEE 802.11a and 802.16a OFDM preambles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-simulated-mse-performance-of-different-preambles-ucnk37pk.png Fig. 2. The simulated MSE performance of different preambles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-mse-comparison-of-the-mle-and-the-jl-estimator-2wzn6nus.png Fig. 1. The MSE ( ) comparison of the MLE and the JL estimator https://scispace.com/papers/pilot-scale-demonstration-of-a-novel-low-cost-oxygen-supply-aek30cbnvv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3-fgd-system-lime-analysis-2wltgs1j.png Table 2-3: FGD System Lime Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-natural-gas-analysis-1ncwkxe7.png Table 2-2: Natural Gas Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-6-booster-fan-specification-hrnw1aa3.png Table 10-6: Booster Fan Specification https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-gas-side-material-and-energy-balance-base-case-23bsg65k.png Table 4-2: Gas Side Material and Energy Balance (Base Case) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-11-car-system-simplified-process-flow-diagram-1gop18so.png Figure 4-11: CAR System Simplified Process Flow Diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-12-car-absorber-vessel-header-arrangement-2ft1v0k6.png Figure 4-12: CAR Absorber Vessel Header Arrangement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-pellets-of-perovskite-3fuy7ehs.png Figure 1: Typical Pellets of Perovskite https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-18-boiler-steam-water-conditions-cases-4a-and-4b-1wv9nm5q.png Table 4-18: Boiler Steam/Water Conditions - Cases 4a and 4b https://scispace.com/papers/pilots-visual-scan-patterns-and-attention-distribution-ehiuczvvqc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-3hpcd5ro.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-means-and-standard-deviations-on-the-percentage-of-riuhzf7h.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-experienced-and-novice-pilotsaverage-38zg9aqb.png FIGURE 3. COMPARISON of EXPERIENCED and NOVICE PILOTS’AVERAGE SACCADE DURATION in THREE OPERATIONAL PHASES (msec) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-scenario-of-air-to-air-maneuvers-gm0w8ytm.png FIGURE 1. THE SCENARIO of AIR-TO-AIR MANEUVERS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-ahnjokuv.png TABLE III https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-means-and-standard-deviations-of-visual-scan-1dbc337g.png TABLE III https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-1jqmed1u.png TABLE II https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-chi-square-of-sa-performance-between-experienced-cadqx6c5.png TABLE II https://scispace.com/papers/pilot-plant-studies-of-the-bioconversion-of-cellulose-and-2tve95v9mi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-2a-enzyme-hydrolysis-of-acid-treated-solid-basis-100-e7luu8h5.png Table C-2A ENZYME HYDROLYSIS OF ACID TREATED SOLID BASIS: 100 lh. ORIGINAL ~~TER!AL https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-2-acid-extraction-of-original-material-basis-100-1-26ybmo5r.png Table C-2A ENZYME HYDROLYSIS OF ACID TREATED SOLID BASIS: 100 lh. ORIGINAL ~~TER!AL https://scispace.com/papers/pinball-liquid-phase-from-hund-s-coupling-in-frustrated-4m7uld4k4e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-top-atomic-processes-described-by-the-lzbx2f9e.png FIG. 1. (Color online) (top) Atomic processes described by the Hund interaction HHund, with the corresponding coupling constants, highlighting the high-spin configuration of lowest energy; the disks of different colors represent the orbitals d3z2−r2 and dx2−y2 . (bottom) Electronic configurations in the homogeneous-metal (HM), threefold charge-ordered (3CO), and pinball liquid phases on the triangular lattice, with the corresponding electrostatic energies. Arrows represent localized moments (pins); gray disks are the itinerant electrons (balls). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-singlet-triplet-gap-for-the-model-1-on-1blihs1a.png FIG. 4. (Color online) (a) Singlet-triplet gap for the model (1) on a four-site cluster, in units of t . (b) Same as in (a), plotted vs the charge-rich sublattice density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-electronic-density-na-b-magnetic-moment-1v8m3fyr.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) Electronic density nα , (b) magnetic moment Sα obtained from ⟨S2α⟩ = Sα(Sα + 1), and (c) quasiparticle renormalization Zα on the charge-rich (α = A; solid symbols) and charge-poor (α = B,C; open symbols) sublattices for V/t = 2 and JH /U = 0.1 (circles), 0.2 (triangles), and 0.25 (diamonds). (d) Total effective Bohr magneton (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-phase-diagram-of-the-two-orbital-extended-oygxwwhq.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Phase diagram of the two-orbital extended Hubbard model on the triangular lattice obtained from DMFT (black points) and UHF (gray points) for a representative value V/t = 2. The dotted lines are the phase boundaries U (1)c and U (2) c given in the text. The dashed line indicates charge order within the charge-poor sublattice as found in the UHF solution. The inset shows the UHF phase diagram in the (U,V ) plane for JH /U = 0.2. https://scispace.com/papers/pinned-photodiode-cmos-image-sensor-tcad-simulation-in-depth-12mj9my580 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-tcad-extraction-of-the-tg-inversion-voltage-for-2773f86z.png TABLE I TCAD EXTRACTION OF THE TG INVERSION VOLTAGE FOR SEVERAL VTGhigh . https://scispace.com/papers/pinch-and-swell-structures-evidence-for-brittle-viscous-4rujl1c96v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-examples-of-classic-mohr-diagrams-showing-the-19qzhgu6.png Figure 3. (a) Examples of classic Mohr diagrams showing the theoretical faulting angle (θ) for two different materials, shown as black solid and grey dashed lines; red X signifies mode II failure; orange lines (solid and dashed) show failure planes used in numerical modelling with ci and cs denoting cohesion for the material before and after yielding. (b) Numerical model set up for three-layer model used in analysis tests I to IV; layer B more competent than matrix layers A, with passive marker beds (black lines) and stretch of −0.5 % on left and +0.5 % on the right at each model step. (c) Theoretical strain vs. stress diagram for elastic (cross-hatching and dots) and viscous flow (after Griggs and Handin, 1960); behaviour of layers A and B (with respect to three-layer model (b)) are shown: competent layer B – solid line, less competent matrix layers A – dotted line; dashed line shows a layer with brittle deformation and material softening. Orange cross-hatching shows area of the theoretical model covered by the numerical model. Only yielding and post-yielding behaviour is investigated. (d) Multilayer crustal-scale model used to explore the effect of brittle behaviour on strain localisation and surface topography. The model includes an air layer (D) to allow realistic topographic feature development, an upper crust brittle layer (C) and five layers with two different material properties (layers A’ and B’) representing the middle to lower crust. B’ layers are more competent than A’ layers. Note: the models depicted in (b) and (d) show the particles overlaying the model framework; they do not represent a geometrical perturbation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-analysis-iv-results-a-f-model-results-at-stretch-2-3o0d1vfo.png Figure 7. Analysis IV results: (a–f) model results at stretch 2.3 showing the effect of varying cohesion after softening in Newtonian flow with RV = 10. RCo is the ratio of initial cohesion to cohesion after softening (Eq. 2); high RCo (a, b) indicates strong material softening while RCo = 1 (f) has no material softening. The black arrow in (a) shows formation of a thick neck. Strain rate invariant (̇) ranges of values are as specified while range of colour is the same for all images; colour bars are included on (a) and (e). Panel (g) shows stretch vs. differential stress graph showing reduction in differential stress as material softening (RCo) is increased. Stress data are taken from a point towards the centre of the model at x, y co-ordinates of 0.4, 0.5. Differential stress drops after fracturing and fluctuates until reaching a steady state depending on the RCo. Panel (h) shows impact of RCo on competent layer edge tortuosity and width ratio (RW ; Eq. 6). Tortuosity increases as RCo increases to RCo = 10, reflecting more complex pinch and swell structures where RCo > 10. Pinch and swell structures are formed where RCo > 2 (i.e. RW < 0.2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-yielding-and-faulting-parameters-used-for-mohr-25l32cn7.png Table 1. Yielding and faulting parameters used for Mohr–Coulomb strain localising behaviour in Analysis I (see Moresi and Mühlhaus, 2006 and text for details). In Analysis II RV values of 20, 40, 80, 100, 125 and 160 were used. In Analysis IV RCo values of 1, 2, 4, 10, 20 and 100 were used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-analysis-i-results-series-showing-pinch-and-swell-2ajt3i9s.png Figure 5. Analysis I results: series showing pinch and swell structure formation using the three-layer model, where layer B has Mohr–Coulomb strain localising behaviour, RV = 20; particle layer plots and strain invariant plots are shown at the stretch specified in the left hand column. In (a) all layers have Newtonian flow (n= 1) and in (b) all layers have non-Newtonian flow (n= 3). Pinch and swell structures are successfully formed in Newtonian flow, where strain is localised into a limited number of failure planes. Range of values is as specified while range of colour is the same for all model results showing strain rate invariant (̇); colour bars are included at stretch 1.0. Note: model results from stretch 1.6 have been zoomed to fit in the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-analysis-i-and-ii-results-a-the-effect-of-viscosity-1wp9sj4e.png Figure 6. Analysis I and II results; (a) the effect of viscosity ratio (RV) in both Newtonian (n= 1) and non-Newtonian (n= 3) flow on pinch and swell structure formation in the three-layer model.RW is minimum neck width/maximum swell width at that stretch. Pinch and swell structures are deemed to have initiated when RW < 0.4 and formed when RW < 0.2. RW decreases as RV increases indicating pinch and swell structures form more readily at higher RV values. Three stages of pinch and swell growth are shown. (b) Rotation of passive marker beds up to 15◦ can be either positive (swell 1, black solid line) or negative (swell 2, grey solid line) as the model develops. Shear bands rotate from ∼ 55◦ towards horizontal as stretch increases (black dashed line). Plotted data are from Newtonian (n= 1) series in Fig. 5a. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pinch-and-swell-structure-characteristics-examples-17xz1zlf.png Figure 1. Pinch and swell structure characteristics, examples from Wongwibinda Metamorphic Complex, New England Orogen, N.S.W., Australia (30◦18′41.6′′ S, 152◦8′35.3′′ E). (a) Outcrop-scale examples of pinch and swell structures with positions of brittle failures shown as red, green and yellow lines, dependent on the angle from the primary stress direction, inferred to be perpendicular to the foliation. (b) Photomicrographs of a swell (sample WJ1655D2); brittle fractures and areas of fine grain recrystallisation, indicated by yellow lines, show extensive brittle failure in the competent plagioclase-rich layer. Brittle failure zones have likely rotated towards the horizontal during extensional deformation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-multilayer-a-10x-10-km-b-20x-20-km-and-c-40x-40km-76crzaol.png Figure 8. Multilayer (a) 10× 10 km, (b) 20× 20 km and (c) 40× 40km model results: non-Newtonian multilayer models of the continental crust at stretch 1.5, showing differences in topography development (layer affinity results) and strain rate localisation (strain rate invariant results) where the middle to lower crust has a difference in viscosity (layer B’ : layer A’ is RV = 20); (a(i), b(i), c(i)) B’ layers (pink) have no Mohr–Coulomb strain localising behaviour (M-CB); and (a(ii), b(ii), c(ii)) B’ layers (pink) have initial Mohr–Coulomb strain localising behaviour, causing strain localisation through the whole model and more complex topography to develop. Panels (a(iii)), (b(iii)) and (c(iii)) show surface tortuosity (dashed lines) and RW (solid lines) for the upper crustal (blue) layer from the (i) and (ii) models. RW for models with no M-CB in the lower layers (i) increases as the model scale increases, while remaining similar for all scales where M-CB has been included in the lower layers. Surface tortuosity for models with no M-CB in the lower layers (i) remains the same for all model scales, while decreasing as the scales increase where M-CB has been included in the lower layers. Greater upper crust and surface variation is seen where Mohr–Coulomb strain localising behaviour is included in the middle to lower crust (ii models). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analysis-iii-results-showing-effect-of-1b1xksyc.png Table 2. Analysis III results showing effect of systematically varying Newtonian/non-Newtonian flow and Mohr–Coulomb strain localising behaviour (M-CB) characteristics of the more competent layer B, with respect to matrix layers (A) on pinch and swell development (detailed model results are provided Fig. S2); an x indicates Mohr–Coulomb behaviour; ticks indicate pinch and swell structures formed in layer B for that simulation. https://scispace.com/papers/pinpointing-the-extent-of-electronic-delocalization-in-the-3z3zpx6rkg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-ftir-and-b-trir-spectra-of-re-co-3cl-me2bptz-5-mm-3vsztbh9.png Figure 2. (a) FTIR and (b) TRIR spectra of Re(CO)3Cl(Me2BPTZ) (5 mM, CHCl3). For the TRIR measurements, the sample was excited by a 500 nm pump pulse. (c) Decay of the TRIR signal of Re(CO)3Cl(Me2BPTZ) at (black) 2002 and (red) 1978 cm-1 for (top) shorter and (bottom) longer time scales, showing differences that stem from vibrational cooling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-molecular-structure-and-b-uv-vis-spectrum-50-um-3tycrh7d.png Figure 1. (a) Molecular structure and (b) UV-vis spectrum (50 µM, CHCl3) of Re(CO)3Cl(Me2BPTZ). (c) Difference density plot of the T1 triplet excited state of Re(CO)3Cl(Me2BPTZ) calculated using TD-DFT at the B3LYP level (red/green ) depletion/accumulation of charge). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-ftir-and-b-trir-500-nm-pump-pulse-spectra-of-5-mm-2uy1fx86.png Figure 3. (a) FTIR and (b) TRIR (500 nm pump pulse) spectra of 5 mM Re(CO)3Cl(Me2BPTZ) in CHCl3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-and-calculated-vibrational-frequencies-3apre4xs.png Table 1. Experimental and Calculated Vibrational Frequencies (cm-1) of Re(CO)3Cl(Me2BPTZ) (the Experimental Data Were Obtained in CHCl3, and the Calculations Were Performed in Vacuum) https://scispace.com/papers/pion-and-kaon-structure-at-the-electron-ion-collider-1i28t5lhoc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-upper-panel-two-dressed-quark-mass-functions-251c8uxr.png FIG. 8: Upper panel. Two dressed-quark mass functions distinguished by the amount of DCSB: emergent mass generation is 20% stronger in the system characterized by the solid green curve, which describes the more realistic case. Lower panel. Fπ(Q 2) obtained with the mass function in the upper panel: rπ = 0.66 fm with the solid green curve and rπ = 0.73 fm with the dashed blue curve. The long-dashed green and dot-dashed blue curves are predictions from the QCD hard-scattering formula, obtained with the related, computed pion PDAs. The dotted purple curve is the result obtained from that formula if the asymptotic profile is used for the PDA: ϕ(x) = 6x(1−x). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-sample-eic-extraction-of-valence-quark-sea-quark-and-1y8m21j1.png FIG. 7: A sample EIC extraction of valence quark, sea quark and gluon PDFs in the pion, at a scale Q2 = 10 GeV2. The extraction is done with the following assumptions on PDFs: the u PDF equals the d̄ PDF in the pion and the ū PDF is the same as the other sea quark PDFs (d, s and s̄). The extraction at xπ < 10 −2, at this Q2 scale, is constrained by the existing HERA data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-projected-uncertainties-for-measurements-of-the-u-2c8gpm89.png FIG. 12: Projected uncertainties for measurements of the u-quark to pion (upper panel) and kaon (lower panel) fragmentation function at EIC for an integrated luminosity of 10 fb−1, for the large z region, z > 0.5, and transverse momentum k⊥ (as picked up in the fragmentation process) of k⊥ = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 GeV, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-pion-valence-quark-momentum-distribution-function-xup-2mtbl25e.png FIG. 11: Pion valence-quark momentum distribution function, xuπ(x; ζ5): dot-dot-dashed (grey) curve within shaded band – lQCD result [95]; long-dashed (black) curve – early continuum analysis [101]; and solid (blue) curve embedded in shaded band – modern, continuum calculation [62]. Gluon momentum distribution in pion, xgπ(x; ζ5) – dashed (green) curve within shaded band; and sea-quark momentum distribution, xSπ(x; ζ5) – dot-dashed (red) curve within shaded band. (In all cases, the shaded bands indicate the size of calculation-specific uncertainties, as described elsewhere [62].) Data (purple) from Ref. [103], rescaled according to the analysis in Ref. [65]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-ratio-of-valence-u-quark-pdfs-in-the-pion-and-the-1ulg1io5.png FIG. 10: Ratio of valence u-quark PDFs in the pion and the kaon at ζ = 5.2 GeV=: ζ5. Data are from Drell-Yan measurements [86]. The computed results are taken from Ref. [84], with the dashed, solid, and dot-dashed curves representing, respectively, 0, 5%, 10% of the kaon’s light-front momentum carried by glue at the scale, ζK = 0.51 GeV. For the projected EIC data (brown points drawn at uK(x)/uπ(x) = 1.2) we assumed u-quark dominance. (For reference, the horizontal dotted line marks uK(x)/uπ(x) = 1.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-virtuality-dependence-of-pion-twist-two-pda-solid-blue-19jo723e.png FIG. 4: Virtuality-dependence of pion twist-two PDA. Solid (blue) curve: vπ = 0 result; and dot-dashed (green) curve, PDA at vπ = 31. Even this appreciable virtuality only introduces a modest rms relative-difference between the computed PDAs; namely, 13%. Measured equivalently, the zero virtuality result differs by 34% from that appropriate to QCD’s asymptotic limit (dotted, red curve). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-geometric-acceptances-for-detection-of-leading-38nknap8.png FIG. 5: Geometric acceptances for detection of leading neutrons and the decay products of Λ and Σ particles in the integrated JLEIC detector concept, to tag the pion and kaon Sullivan processes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-projected-eic-pion-form-factor-data-as-extracted-from-1uu2yi26.png FIG. 9: Projected EIC pion form factor data as extracted from a combination of electron-proton and electron-deuteron scattering, each with an integrated luminosity of 20 fb−1 – black stars with error bars. Also shown are projected JLab 12- GeV data from a Rosenbluth-separation technique – orange diamonds and green triangle. The long-dashed green curve is a monopole form factor whose scale is determined by the pion radius. The black solid curve is the QCD-theory prediction bridging large and short distance scales, with estimated uncertainty [41]. The dot-dashed blue and dotted purple curves represent the short-distance views [79–81], comparing the result obtained using a modern DCSB-hardened PDA and the asymptotic profile, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/pion-nucleon-scattering-in-an-effective-chiral-field-theory-3dp17zakgk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fits-and-predictions-for-the-em98-phase-shifts-as-a-3r1r588w.png Figure 5: Fits and predictions for the EM98 phase shifts as a function of the pion laboratory momentum qπ to first (dotted lines), second (dashed lines) and third (solid lines) order in the small scale expansion. Fitted in each partial wave are the data between 41 and 97 MeV (filled circles). For higher and lower energies, the phases are predicted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-the-lecs-in-appropriate-units-of-inverse-12wqaqna.png Table 1: Values of the LECs in appropriate units of inverse GeV for the various fits described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tree-and-counterterm-graphs-involving-the-delta-1p77mcgl.png Figure 1: Tree and counterterm graphs involving the delta. Dashed, solid and double lines refer to pions, nucleons and deltas, in order. Crossed graphs and diagrams that vanish are not shown. The vertex dot and vertex square refer to an insertion from the dimension two, respectively three effective π∆ or πN∆ Lagrangian. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fits-and-predictions-for-the-ka85-phase-shifts-as-a-1gljvxo8.png Figure 4: Fits and predictions for the KA85 phase shifts as a function of the pion laboratory momentum qπ. Fitted in each partial wave are the data between 40 and 200 MeV (filled circles). For higher and lower energies, the phases are predicted as shown by the solid lines. Dotted and dashed lines: Third and fourth order calculation based on the chiral expansion [1, 2]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-convergence-of-the-s-wave-scattering-lengths-o-en-2s7wpmbp.png Table 3: Convergence of the S–wave scattering lengths. O(εn) means that all terms up-to-andincluding order n are given. Units are 10−2/Mπ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-leading-one-loop-graphs-involving-the-delta-dashed-2pn319n5.png Figure 2: Leading one loop graphs involving the delta. Dashed, solid and double lines refer to pions, nucleons and deltas, in order. Crossed graphs and diagrams that vanish are not shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-values-of-the-lecs-in-appropriate-units-of-inverse-3e4j036e.png Table 4: Values of the LECs in appropriate units of inverse GeV for the fits using as additional input the sigma term. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-of-the-s-and-p-wave-threshold-parameters-for-3gthv8c2.png Table 2: Values of the S– and P–wave threshold parameters for the fits 1* and 2* in comparison to the respective data. The results for fits 1 and 2 are similar and thus are not given. Units are appropriate inverse powers of the pion mass times 10−2. https://scispace.com/papers/pipe-internal-grooving-using-closed-magnetic-field-system-a-1pmijqd5jf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-groove-depths-for-different-magnet-combinations-and-11bh8017.png Figure 6. Groove depths for different magnet combinations and gaps (mm). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-section-layout-of-magnet-combination-for-different-hwvvsm1h.png Table 2 Section layout of magnet combination for different magnet size in the pipe. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-conditions-2u0edb0t.png Table 1 Experimental conditions https://scispace.com/papers/pipeline-forwarding-of-packets-based-on-a-low-accuracy-129ufysiq3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-synchronization-distribution-model-3s3xycof.png Fig. 2. Synchronization distribution model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-maximum-end-to-end-buffering-delay-on-the-slowest-path-7hxtrdmu.png Fig. 8. Maximum end-to-end buffering delay on the slowest path https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-buffering-requirement-sym2yms4.png Fig. 10. Buffering requirement https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-estimated-maximum-end-to-end-buffering-delay-with-high-376kf5b0.png Fig. 9. Estimated maximum end-to-end buffering delay with high performance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-notation-1gt2ykia.png Fig. 3. Notation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-slowest-path-24kre9oh.png Fig. 7. Slowest path https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-maximum-jitter-with-a-network-distributed-ctr-177a2y8g.png TABLE II MAXIMUM JITTER WITH A NETWORK-DISTRIBUTED CTR https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-forwarding-delay-and-buffer-size-3e3oghyi.png TABLE I FORWARDING DELAY AND BUFFER SIZE https://scispace.com/papers/pipelined-radix-2-k-feedforward-fft-architectures-5dku5xiwia 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-proposed-4-parallel-radix-22-feedforward-architecture-9yifjhos.png Fig. 6. Proposed 4-parallel radix-22 feedforward architecture for the computation of the 64-point DIT FFT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-properties-of-the-radix-23-and-radix-24-fft-2nxn3dr1.png TABLE II PROPERTIES OF THE RADIX-23 AND RADIX-24 FFT ALGORITHMS FOR DIF AND DIT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-proposed-radix-23-feedforward-architectures-for-the-ernvy58w.png Fig. 7. Proposed radix-23 feedforward architectures for the computation of the 64-point DIF FFT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-throughput-of-4-parallel-and-8-parallel-pipelined-fft-3i793uo5.png Fig. 10. Throughput of 4-parallel and 8-parallel pipelined FFT architectures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-graph-of-the-16-point-radix-2-dif-fft-3t20tn3l.png Fig. 1. Flow graph of the 16-point radix-2 DIF FFT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-properties-of-the-radix-22-fft-algorithm-for-dif-and-bxd6i354.png TABLE I PROPERTIES OF THE RADIX-22 FFT ALGORITHM FOR DIF AND DIT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-flow-graph-of-the-16-point-radix-22-dif-fft-2o817g7g.png Fig. 2. Flow graph of the 16-point radix-22 DIF FFT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-proposed-radix-24-feedforward-architectures-for-the-2mlr95m2.png Fig. 8. Proposed radix-24 feedforward architectures for the computation of the 256-point DIF FFT. https://scispace.com/papers/pipelining-saturated-accumulation-bzvnfyug43 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-composition-of-sa-i-3-i-3iuxxivl.png Figure 5. Composition of SA[(i − 3), i] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-saturated-add-composition-2c75rbuo.png Figure 3. Saturated Add Composition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-operator-composition-for-chained-saturated-1mb9qj1m.png Figure 4. Operator Composition for Chained Saturated Additions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-accumulator-comparison-2nww8fr1.png Table 3. Accumulator Comparison https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-composition-unit-for-two-saturated-additions-3dqmpaei.png Figure 7. Composition Unit for Two Saturated Additions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-accumulation-example-1qeb01zr.png Table 1. Accumulation Example https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-minimum-size-of-prefix-tree-required-to-achieve-kdnkiwcz.png Table 2. Minimum Size of Prefix Tree Required to Achieve 280MHz https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-n-4-parallel-prefix-saturating-accumulator-1391o4s5.png Figure 8. N = 4 Parallel-Prefix Saturating Accumulator https://scispace.com/papers/pirfenidone-attenuates-lung-fibrotic-fibroblast-mediated-4kvm46pa3e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-and-demographic-characteristics-of-the-2i2rp9ji.png Table 1. Clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients 109 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-735-2pjwgqor.png Fig. 2 735 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-725-1lg4hglj.png Fig. 1 725 https://scispace.com/papers/pirnas-of-caenorhabditis-elegans-broadly-silence-nonself-42nyonsbv5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-putative-c-elegans-self-nonself-1rbhkim3.png Figure 1. Schematic of the putative C. elegans self-nonself discrimination system, as mediated by small RNAs. PRG-1 Argonautes are guided by piRNAs to matching target sequences on self and nonself mRNA transcripts. As shown in the enlarged view, each piRNA is 21 nucleotides long, with a seed region at nt 2-8 and a supplementary region at nt 14-19 where canonical base pairing is particularly important for target recognition. When a PRG-1:piRNA binds to a valid target, RNA interference and downstream silencing are initiated. CSR-1 Argonautes are guided by siRNAs to matching sequences on self-transcripts. Binding by CSR-1:siRNA licenses a transcript, protecting it from silencing by PRG-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-actual-targeting-of-genes-by-pirnas-2b4yty0g.png Figure 4. Comparison of actual targeting of genes by piRNAs to targeting of random “genes” by random “piRNAs.” (A) Predicted mean distance for the closest match between a “gene” (random sequence of length L = 100, 1,000, or 10,000), and any of the “piRNAs” (random 21 nt sequences) as a function of the number of distinct “piRNAs.” The data points plotted above the true number of C. elegans piRNAs (17,849) show the distances for the 17 actual piRNA-target pairs studied by Zhang et al. (5), with the cross and error bar indicating the mean and standard deviation. (B) Probability distribution of distance of the closest match for actual transposons and transcripts, of similar lengths, with the actual 17,849 C. elegans piRNAs. Red and yellow curves represent data for 800-1,200 nt C. elegans genes: transposons (n = 90, red) and a random sample of self-transcripts (n = 500, yellow). The blue curve shows the smoothed probability density of closest distances for a random “gene” of 1,000 nt and 17,849 random “piRNAs.” Error bars indicate counting error. The data points plotted above the probability distributions show the distances for the 17 actual piRNA-target pairs presented in (A), while the cross and gray shaded region show the mean and standard deviation, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sequence-similarity-among-c-elegans-pirnas-320os80z.png Figure 5. Sequence similarity among C. elegans piRNAs. Probability distribution of piRNA-piRNA distances; results shown for all 17,849 real piRNAs and for random control sequences. Error bars indicate counting error. Inset: Complementary CDF (CCDF) of cluster sizes for piRNAs and for random control sequences, as grouped via hierarchical clustering with single linkage (see Methods for details). The shaded region indicates a 95% confidence interval for the CCDF of random sequences. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bioinformatic-analysis-of-c-elegans-pirna-3jzieq18.png Figure 3. Bioinformatic analysis of C. elegans piRNA-transposon and piRNA-transcript pairing using the functional piRNA distance metric. (A) Probability distribution of the piRNA-transposon distance for every pair of C. elegans piRNAs (n = 17,849) and transposons (n = 752); results shown for real piRNAs and random control sequences. Pale curves indicate the distribution for each individual transposon; solid curve is the average over all pairs. (For piRNA-transposon distances that do not occur in the sample, no data is shown.) Inset: proportion of piRNA-transposon pairs where the bestmatching site has a piRNA-mRNA distance of less than 7 (left of the dashed gray line in the main panel), for real piRNAs and random control sequences. Error bars indicate counting error. (B) Same as (A), but for a random sample of all C. elegans transcripts (n = 1,000) rather than transposons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bioinformatic-comparison-between-c-elegans-and-d-1s3pgowe.png Figure 2. Bioinformatic comparison between C. elegans and D. melanogaster of piRNA-transposon sequence similarity. (A) C. elegans probability distribution of the proportion of mismatches within the best-matching site for every pair of piRNAs (n = 17,849) and transposons (n = 752); results shown for real piRNAs and random control sequences. Pale curves indicate the distribution for each individual transposon; solid curve is the average across all pairs. (For mismatch proportions that do not occur in the sample, no data is shown.) Inset: proportion of piRNA-transposon pairs where the best-matching site has fewer than 20% mismatches (left of the dashed gray line in the main panel), for real piRNAs and random control sequences. Error bars indicate counting error (square root of the number of counts). (B) Same as (A), but for D. melanogaster piRNAs (n = 13,904) and transposons (n = 179). https://scispace.com/papers/pisa-policy-and-persuasion-translating-complex-conditions-26t6aofitr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-publications-featured-2yf4hjjm.png Table 1. Main Publications Featured‡ https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-moves-strategies-3bgj7cl5.png Table 2. Overview of Moves/Strategies https://scispace.com/papers/pistacia-lentiscus-essential-oil-has-repellent-effect-47tmg53uyr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-rhyzopertha-dominica-sitophilus-phyno31e.png Table 4 Comparison of Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus zeamais, and Tribolium confusum susceptibilities to Pistacia lentiscus essential oil (PEO) and its main components (α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, and α-terpineol) assessed by the area preference bioassay. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-composition-of-the-essential-oil-from-15n3zdll.png Table 1 Chemical composition of the essential oil from Pistacia lentiscus aerial parts used in the repellency assays https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-principal-chemical-classes-in-the-essential-oil-from-g0x2nvmh.png Table 2 Principal chemical classes in the essential oil from Pistacia lentiscus aerial parts used in the repellency assays https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-595-2b0ers6r.png Fig. 1. 595 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-repellency-of-the-pistacia-lentiscus-essential-oil-cai946uq.png Table 3 Repellency of the Pistacia lentiscus essential oil (EO) and of its main components (αpinene, β-caryophyllene, and α-terpineol) against the pasta pests Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus zeamais, and Tribolium confusum. https://scispace.com/papers/pitch-accents-show-a-perceptual-magnet-effect-evidence-of-1swkz7zqiz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-model-that-explains-the-most-variation-as-3bjul33b.png Figure 3: The model that explains the most variation, as evaluated by R2, characterises the distance from the prototype in (CO1,CO2,INTERCEPT,duration) space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-contour-shape-of-each-of-the-referents-and-1khfjane.png Figure 2: The contour shape of each of the referents, and their arrangement (diagrammatic, neighbours not shown). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-parameters-in-socopasul-this-figure-shows-in-panel-n17d6ycv.png Figure 1: Parameters in SOCoPaSul. This figure shows, in panel, the effect on the contour shape of changing each parameter from a high value (light) to a low value (dark), whilst holding the values of all the other parameters constant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-best-fitting-model-of-differential-1n83wi52.png Table 1: The best fitting model of differential discrimination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-misses-generalisation-in-the-prototype-dashed-and-2rmupiv5.png Figure 4: Misses (generalisation) in the prototype (dashed) and non-prototype (solid) conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/pitfalls-in-benchmarking-data-stream-classification-and-how-42dlcanzn8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-stream-classification-datasets-21clkj4k.png Table 2. Characteristics of stream classification datasets https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-accuracy-k-and-k-on-the-electricity-market-dataset-for-2uruckl8.png Fig. 6. Accuracy, κ and κ+ on the Electricity Market dataset for the SWT classifiers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-characteristics-of-the-electricity-dataset-yph1h2rr.png Fig. 1. Characteristics of the Electricity Dataset https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-accuracy-k-and-k-on-the-forest-covertype-dataset-2saz5r22.png Fig. 4. Accuracy, κ and κ+ on the Forest Covertype dataset https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-accuracy-k-and-k-on-the-forest-covertype-dataset-3j8tpnjp.png Fig. 3. Accuracy, κ and κ+ on the Forest Covertype dataset https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-accuracy-k-and-k-on-the-electricity-market-dataset-rbbuiyob.png Fig. 5. Accuracy, κ and κ+ on the Electricity Market dataset https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-accuracy-and-kappa-statistic-on-the-electricity-market-328php6u.png Fig. 2. Accuracy and Kappa Statistic on the Electricity Market Dataset https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-accuracy-k-k-time-and-memory-of-a-leveraging-bagging-rqvxv1bq.png Fig. 11. Accuracy, κ, κ+, time and memory of a Leveraging Bagging on the Electricity Market dataset for the SWT classifiers varying the ` size of the sliding window parameter https://scispace.com/papers/pitfalls-in-pre-operative-prediction-of-lymph-node-4zw2hz6ljy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pre-operative-grade-versus-post-operative-grade-le52c2a2.png Table 1: Pre-operative grade versus post-operative grade https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-association-between-pre-operative-grade-and-1bpf3ck6.png Table 2: Association between pre-operative grade and myometrial invasion with pelvic lymph node metastasis https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-depth-of-myometrial-invasion-and-lymph-node-3lk5140l.png Table 4: Depth of myometrial invasion and lymph node metastasis https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-depth-of-myometrial-invasion-in-millimeters-and-211d5l24.png Table 5: Depth of myometrial invasion in millimeters and lymph node metastasis https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-post-operative-grade-and-pelvic-lymph-node-3nv0du62.png Table 3: Post-operative grade and pelvic lymph node metastasis https://scispace.com/papers/pitfalls-in-the-assessment-of-mgmt-expression-and-in-its-1zoruk8dm8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-glioblastoma-mgmt-expression-before-and-after-therapy-rqqldk1c.png Fig. 4 Glioblastoma MGMT expression before and after therapy. Depiction of a matched pairs analysis of primary tumor and corresponding relapse (connected by line). Although the analysis did not indicate a signiWcant unidirectional change of expression (p = 0.20), several individual tumors showed a marked alteration of nuclear MGMT. Red lines connect cases with a decrease beyond 95% CI of mean diVerence, yellow lines an increase beyond 95% CI of mean diVerence, black lines are within 95% CI https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-log-rank-p-values-of-kaplan-meier-analysis-for-the-2rspofvc.png Table 1 Log–Rank p-values of Kaplan Meier analysis for the cut-oV at diVerent percental MGMT expression for WHO grade II and IV https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mgmt-expression-is-associated-with-survival-in-1uvj1pkl.png Fig. 6 MGMT expression is associated with survival in glioblastoma with high levels correlating with a worse survival (as in Fig. 5, except for splitting the boxes at a cut-oV value of 15%) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-even-in-the-reduced-peak-age-group-of-glioblastoma-1e7ul0w1.png Fig. 8 Even in the reduced peak age group of glioblastoma MGMT retains its association with survival. a Illustration of exponential parametric survival Wt demonstrating a signiWcant association of survival and MGMT even in the peak age group of glioblastoma (45–70 years). b Kaplan Meier analysis at the previously established cut-oV value of 15% also remains signiWcant for the peak age group https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ihc-studies-determining-a-cut-ov-value-for-mgmt-3q0gvitr.png Table 2 IHC studies determining a cut-oV value for MGMT methylation status https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-depiction-of-a-matched-pairs-analysis-of-mgmt-1qpwjvbo.png Fig. 3 Depiction of a matched pairs analysis of MGMT expression in tumor center and inWltration zone of glioblastoma. Corresponding pairs are connected by a line. All cases showed an increase in expression in the inWltration zone (p < 0.0001) https://scispace.com/papers/pivoting-based-manipulation-by-humanoids-a-controllability-z8aohbaizw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experiment-of-pivoting-motion-22jpze8c.png Fig. 1. Experiment of pivoting motion https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-system-is-small-time-controllable-from-q-if-reachq-t-310uz53c.png Fig. 2. A system is small-time controllable from q if Reachq(T ) contains a neighborhood of q for all neighborhoods V for any time T > 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pivoting-problem-displacing-a-line-segment-a-or-b-3763zbmv.png Fig. 3. Pivoting problem: displacing a line segment A or B https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-sequence-of-three-pivoting-operations-to-move-to-an-qv66qkm7.png Fig. 4. A sequence of three pivoting operations to move to an arbitrary neighborhood position. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-analysis-on-small-time-controllability-of-three-z8f6jr9f.png Fig. 5. Analysis on small-time controllability of three-rotation pivoting steering method. The pivoting maneuver is bounded by l(α1|+|α2|+|α3|) for x-y coordinates and |α1| + |α2| + |α3| for θ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-planned-result-for-pivoting-motion-to-qf-0-5-3-0-deg-38lg01ca.png Fig. 6. Planned result for pivoting motion to qf (0.5, 3, 0 deg). In this case a back and forth motion is planned since there is a large motion in lateral direction. A feasible pivoting sequence is also derived. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-planning-result-of-pivoting-with-hrp-2-humaniod-robot-omb7hvxw.png Fig. 7. Planning result of pivoting with HRP-2 humaniod robot holding the box to qf (3.0, 1.5, 0 deg), where arm configurations are calculated using inverse kinematics from fixed contact points on the box. The figure also shows the Reeds and Shepp path whose orientation is the same as the heading direction of the robot. https://scispace.com/papers/pixel-oriented-visualization-techniques-for-exploring-very-ezrj14i848 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-peano-hilbert-algorithm-cf-gol-81-2s1cvu49.png Figure 3: Peano-Hilbert Algorithm (cf. [Gol 81]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-highly-structured-arrangement-15qjertg.png Figure 10: Highly Structured Arrangement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-horizontal-arrangement-w1-h1-1-27-w2-h2-634-1-3ea6dfwl.png Figure 8: Horizontal Arrangement [(w1, h1) = (1, 27), (w2, h2) = (634, 1)] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-monthly-arrangement-w1-h1-3-3-w2-h2-24-1-w3-h3-1-80-10q237zo.png Figure 9: Monthly Arrangement [(w1, h1) = (3, 3), (w2, h2) = (24, 1), (w3, h3) = (1, 80)] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-visualizations-of-eight-variate-data-1of1nb3b.png Figure 13: Visualizations of Eight-Variate Data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-morton-algorithm-2m6qkzo2.png Figure 4: Morton Algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-line-by-line-back-and-forth-arrangement-w1-h1-16350-1qnx9ojb.png Figure 7: Line-by-Line Back-and-Forth Arrangement [(w1,h1) = ( , )]16350 16350 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-snake-spiral-technique-2dbfr6wg.png Figure 12: Snake-Spiral Technique https://scispace.com/papers/pkp-precursors-implications-for-global-scatterers-5ahjrr2xrg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-data-with-and-without-visible-pkp-3crx51jy.png Figure 1. Examples of data with and without visible PKP precursors. (a) Individual seismograms. (b) Vespagrams aligned on PKIKP, stacking 14 seismograms for the Fiji event and 11 for the Peru event. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-earliest-pkp-precursor-pkikp-amplitude-ratios-as-a-3fchhl6o.png Figure 3. Earliest PKP precursor/PKIKP amplitude ratios as a function of epicentral distance. The data are partitioned into hemispheres by PKIKP turning longitude. Mean values are included for the distance ranges. (a, b) Uncorrected data. (c, d) PKIKP amplitude corrected for inner core velocity and attenuation structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-maps-showing-locations-of-precursor-observations-in-w7y4e4ow.png Figure 2. Maps showing locations of precursor observations in individual seismograms and array data. The circles correspond to CMB entry and exit points of PKIKP. Inner core hemisphere boundaries are shown. (a) Individual seismograms with PKP precursors. The color of the circles corresponds to the earliest arriving precursor/PKIKP amplitude ratio. (b) Individual seismograms with no precursors. (c) Array data. Colors correspond to precursor strength with respect to PKIKP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-locations-of-scatterers-in-the-mantle-calculated-fb6robf9.png Figure 4. (a) Locations of scatterers in the mantle, calculated from array data. (b) Earliest precursor/PKIKP amplitude ratios corrected for inner core structure for the individual seismograms, generated using CMB entry and exit points of the PKIKP paths, for averages in 2.5∘ bins. (c) Corrected earliest precursor/PKIKP amplitude ratios for the individual seismograms, generated for CMB pierce points which are within 10∘ of scatterers located in array data, for averages in 2.5∘ bins. Colors correspond to precursor strength with respect to PKIKP. https://scispace.com/papers/pl-slam-a-stereo-slam-system-through-the-combination-of-37oaw45ehy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-average-runtime-of-each-part-of-the-algorithm-2egffx3n.png Table IV Average runtime of each part of the algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-line-segments-are-common-in-both-a-outdoors-and-b-hfy8zevu.png Figure 1. Line segments are common in both (a) outdoors and (b) indoors environments. Apart from an improved camera localization, the built maps (c) are richer since they are populated with more meaningful elements (3D line-segments). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-similarity-matrices-for-a-certain-dataset-where-the-35xxlcp5.png Figure 4. Similarity matrices for a certain dataset where the (a) ORB keypoint-only bag-of-words approach yields false positives that are not present in the (b) LBD line-only approach. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-relative-rmse-errors-in-the-euroc-mav-dataset-43-a-1apd5u9s.png Table II Relative RMSE errors in the EuRoC MAV dataset [43]. A dash indicates that the experiment failed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-mapping-results-in-the-v1-01-easy-sequence-from-the-34akddyq.png Figure 8. Mapping results in the V1-01-easy sequence from the EuRoC MAV dataset. (a) Features tracked between two consecutive keyframes. (b) Resulting 3D map for the sequence. The checkerboard and the boxes in the scene are clearly reflected in the left part of the map, while more noisy features can be found in the rest, as a consequence of factors like non-textured surfaces, high illumination, etc. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-relative-rmse-errors-in-low-textured-sequences-1foy15qp.png Table III Relative RMSE errors in low-textured sequences recorded with GT data from an OptiTrack system. A dash indicates that the experiment failed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-precision-recall-curves-for-four-different-datasets-3uimsayd.png Figure 5. Precision-recall curves for four different datasets: Oxford dataset (a), sequence 4 in Malaga dataset (b), sequence 7 in KITTI dataset(c) and i3tf dataset(d), for the 10 most similar images in the dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-mean-results-in-the-kitti-dataset-40-the-translation-1cagzxjw.png Table I Mean results in the KITTI dataset [40]. The translation errors are expressed in %, while the rotation errors are also expressed relatively to the translation in deg/100m. A dash indicates that the experiment failed. https://scispace.com/papers/place-attachment-in-deprived-neighbourhoods-the-impacts-of-4rgoqxrfa5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-individual-determinants-of-place-attachment-1aydiqtm.png Table 1: Individual determinants of place attachment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-predicted-attachment-based-on-neighbourhood-ojzrlt79.png Figure 1: Predicted attachment based on neighbourhood characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-predicted-attachment-by-socio-economic-mix-and-2n8a4ux2.png Figure 4: Predicted attachment by socio-economic mix and individual status https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-predicted-attachment-by-tenure-mix-and-individual-1fjgf1fm.png Figure 5: Predicted attachment by tenure mix and individual status https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-neighbourhood-determinants-of-place-attachment-2rfpllt9.png Table 2: Neighbourhood determinants of place attachment https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-neighbourhood-social-mix-measures-17x9ng91.png Table 3: Neighbourhood social mix measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-neighbourhood-social-mix-measures-uhwp7msk.png Table 4: Neighbourhood social mix measures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predicted-attachment-by-population-turnover-9v7swtnq.png Figure 2: Predicted attachment by population turnover https://scispace.com/papers/placement-of-mineral-trioxide-aggregate-using-two-different-4yaylcngep 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-mean-and-95-confidence-intervals-of-ultrasonic-1v5cgc96.png Table 2. The mean and 95% confidence intervals of Ultrasonic and Hand placement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-means-and-95-confidence-intervals-2fygooq1.png Figure 3. Means and 95% Confidence Intervals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-radiographic-analysis-2ablun16.png Figure 2. Example of radiographic analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-results-of-the-number-of-graded-voids-for-each-3occskda.png Table 1. The results of the number of graded voids for each specimen length and placement method, Ultrasonic (US) and Hand placement (Hand). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-microscopic-analysis-3cr5b9pg.png Figure 1. Example of microscopic analysis https://scispace.com/papers/place-and-recovery-from-alcohol-dependence-a-journey-through-18d2s5rfzn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-i-kept-it-alive-by-jane-1wxg5tpj.png Figure 3: ‘I kept it alive’ by Jane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-casino-shuts-at-6am-and-there-are-pubs-that-xcnhwekr.png Figure 6 ‘The casino shuts at 6am and there are pubs that open at 6am, I have one at the end of my street. Outside my window there is also an off-license and a pub that opens at 9am. I’ve travelled them all’ by Tom https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-the-study-participants-11p48y7y.png Table 1 Details of the study participants https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lifting-your-eyes-and-looking-up-by-mary-pqd74vo1.png Figure 2: ‘Lifting your eyes and looking up’ by Mary. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-its-just-there-right-on-my-doorstep-and-the-first-1wwep2af.png Figure 5 ‘It’s just there right on my doorstep and the first sign is beers and cider’ by Tom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-it-is-so-good-to-have-other-places-to-go-by-fraser-1uzs98f3.png Figure 4: ‘It is so good to have other places to go’ by Fraser. https://scispace.com/papers/placental-inflammation-by-hmgb1-activation-of-tlr4-at-the-1wdujmsouy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-hmgb1-activated-cytokine-response-in-third-trimester-1i1sa2tg.png Fig. 3. HMGB1 activated cytokine response in third trimester placental explants. Third https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hmgb1-tlr2-tlr4-and-il-8-expression-in-third-trimester-3dqyn6so.png Fig. 1. HMGB1, TLR2, TLR4 and IL-8 expression in third trimester placenta. Third trimester placentas from healthy (n = 13) and preeclamptic (n = 23; of which 11 were without and 12 with fetal growth restriction (FGR)) pregnancies were stained for (A, B) high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), (D, E) Toll-like receptor (TLR)2, (G, H) TLR4 and (J, K) interleukin (IL)-8. Representative images of (A, D, G, J) healthy placentas at gestational age 38+0 weeks and preeclamptic placentas at gestational age (B, H) 28+1, (E) 34+0 and (K) 29+0 weeks are shown. Isotype controls third trimester placentas (C, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-maternal-serum-levels-of-hmgb1-and-il-8-serum-levels-3gd64euv.png Fig. 5. Maternal serum levels of HMGB1 and IL-8. Serum levels of (A) high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and (B) interleukin (IL)-8 were measured in duplicate by ELISA in non-pregnant (n = 28), healthy pregnant (n = 43) and preeclamptic (n = 34) women. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparison post-hoc test. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-clinical-characteristics-and-markers-for-subjects-pl1492ar.png Table 2. Clinical characteristics and markers for subjects included in serum analyses https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hmgb1-activated-il-8-response-in-sghpl-5-trophoblasts-27jgafop.png Fig. 4. HMGB1 activated IL-8 response in SGHPL-5 trophoblasts. The trophoblast cell line SGHPL-5 was incubated with either of the two isoforms of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) (1.25–20 µg/ml) for (A) 4 h or (B) 24 h. (A, B) Interleukin (IL)-8 was quantified in culture supernatant by multiplex analysis and is presented as mean ± SEM of triplicates from three independent experiments. (C) TLR4 inhibition was performed in SGHPL-5 trophoblasts (n = 2) by incubation with the cytokine HMGB1 isoform (1.25–20 µg/ml) with or without the TLR4-inhibitior CLI-095 (10 µM) for 24 h, and IL8 in supernatants was quantified by ELISA. Data are presented as mean ± SEM analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison post-hoc test. *P https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-automated-quantification-of-protein-expression-in-2nzhf6jo.png Fig. 2. Automated quantification of protein expression in third trimester placenta. For (A) HMGB1, (B) TLR4 and (C) IL-8 the syncytiotrophoblast staining was quantified by automated intensity analysis using NIS elements software, and data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparison post-hoc test. *P < 0.05. **P < 0.01. A.U. indicates arbitrary units. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-characteristics-for-subjects-included-in-5uzdba9f.png Table 1. Clinical characteristics for subjects included in third trimester placental analyses https://scispace.com/papers/placental-fatty-acid-transfer-a-key-factor-in-fetal-growth-4bb9rlck97 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-maternal-lipid-adaptations-during-the-third-trimester-3p1bxo8p.png Fig. 1. Maternal lipid adaptations during the third trimester of pregnancy in healthy and GDM pregnancies. TG = Triglycerides. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-ratio-of-the-13-c-dha-concentration-in-placenta-nmol-3fcpldjy.png Fig. 4. a Ratio of the 13 C-DHA concentration in placenta (nmol/g 13 C) vs. maternal plasma (μmol/ 13 C) in GDM treated either with diet or with insulin. b Ratio of the 13 C-DHA concentration in venous cord plasma vs. maternal plasma. Control group, n = 11; GDM diet group, n = 3; GDM insulin group, n = 6. Results are expressed as means ± SEM. *  p < 0.05. Data were taken from Pagan et al. [26] . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-auc-of-the-13-c-fa-concentration-mmol-h-l-in-total-3hbwns1i.png Fig. 2. a AUC of the 13 C-FA concentration (μmol    ·    h/l) in total lipids of maternal plasma in control and GDM subjects. b 13 C-FA concentration in total lipids of placental tissue. 13 C-PA = 13 C-palmitic acid; 13 C-OA = 13 C-oleic acid; 13 C-LA = 13 C-linoleic acid. Control group, n = 11 (except for 13 C-DHA in which n = 6); GDM https://scispace.com/papers/placental-pathologic-aberrations-in-cases-of-familial-2dnlw0efd2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-rate-of-maternal-and-fetal-inflammatory-response-1opr4q9z.png Figure I: Rate of maternal and fetal inflammatory response (MIR and FIR) by gestational age https://scispace.com/figures/figure-ii-association-between-maternal-and-fetal-1rqj5xvr.png Figure II: Association between maternal and fetal inflammatory responses and familial idiopathic spontaneous preterm birth https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-baseline-characteristics-of-women-with-familial-39l1e0hf.png Table I. Baseline characteristics of women with familial idiopathic spontaneous preterm birth <35 weeks of gestation (n = 79) https://scispace.com/papers/placenta-ingestion-by-rats-enhances-d-and-k-opioid-4m6ymlgwi0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-attenuation-by-placenta-ingestion-of-a-opioid-receptor-jr4krcx6.png Fig. 2. Attenuation by placenta ingestion of A-opioid receptor-mediated antinociception. Female rats were fed 1.0 g placenta (.) or control substance (o) 10 min before they were injected with DAMGO (0, 0.21, 0.29, or 0.39 nmol, i.c.v.). Pain threshold is represented by median response latency (in seconds) on a 52 jC hotplate test 30 min after DAMGO injection (n= 11–13 rats/group). *Significantly different from control-fed treatment group at the corresponding DAMGO dose ( p< 0.05, median test). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proportion-of-group-showing-stereotypic-circling-at-dvm11srz.png Table 1 Proportion of group showing stereotypic circling at the time of antinociception measurement (Experiment 1) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-enhancement-by-placenta-ingestion-of-y-opioid-receptor-19i9g5p0.png Fig. 1. Enhancement by placenta ingestion of y-opioid receptor-mediated antinociception. Female rats were fed 1.0 g placenta (.) or control substance (o) 10 min before they were injected with DPDPE (0, 30, 50, 62, or 70 nmol, i.c.v.). Pain threshold is represented by median response latency (in seconds) on a 52 jC hotplate test 10 min after DPDPE injection (n= 5– 8 rats/group). *Significantly different from control-fed treatment group at the corresponding DPDPE dose ( p< 0.05, median test). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-enhancement-by-placenta-ingestion-of-n-opioid-receptor-18duar5i.png Fig. 3. Enhancement by placenta ingestion of n-opioid receptor-mediated antinociception. Female rats in diestrus (Day 1 or 2) were fed 1.0 g placenta (.) or control substance (o) 10 min before they were injected with spiradoline (0, 100, 150, or 200 nmol, i.c.v.). Pain threshold is represented by median response latency (in seconds) on a 52 jC hotplate test 20 min after spiradoline injection (n= 11–13 rats/group). *Significantly different from control-fed treatment group at the corresponding spiradoline dose ( p< 0.05, median test). https://scispace.com/papers/placing-the-et-al-back-in-mendez-v-westminster-hector-2s5jhcs73t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-founding-members-of-the-lavl-and-later-organizers-23tcew7k.png Figure 1: Founding members of the LAVL and later organizers of Santa Ana LULAC chapter 147 (around 1946). Hector Tarango is pictured left of center with Cruz Barrios right of center.86 https://scispace.com/papers/placing-ancient-dna-sequences-into-reference-phylogenies-3pfyl711ir 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-pathphynder-workflow-we-illustrate-the-egc620m1.png Figure 1: Overview of pathPhynder workflow. We illustrate the method using a small simulated dataset of 6 reference samples (tips t0 to t5) and 112 SNPs. (A) The initial step is assignment of phylogenetically informative SNPs in the reference dataset to branches. This can be achieved with phynder by estimating the likelihood of each SNP at any given branch of the tree. (B) A pileup from aDNA reads of the query aDNA sample is generated at each SNP, then filtered for mismatches and potential deamination. Here, SNP3 is covered by four reads, three ’C’s and one ’T’. Because SNP3 is defined by alleles G and C, the T base is excluded as likely to be caused by post-mortem deamination. (C) Best path method: aDNA sample genotypes for each SNP are assigned to the corresponding branch of the tree and binned into support and conflict categories. All possible paths from root to tips are traversed, evaluating the number of markers in support (green) or conflict (red). The best path (green edges), is the one containing the highest number of support markers (in this case, 56 markers). (D) Maximum likelihood method: the likelihood of the entire tree is calculated by placing the query aDNA sample on each edge of the phylogenetic tree. The likelihoods are converted to posterior probabilities using Bayes’ rule and the sample is placed on the branch with the highest posterior, with other branches with posterior probability greater than 0.01 also indicated. The likelihood method also finds the lowest branch in the tree for which the sum of posterior probabilities for the whole clade below that branch (including the branch in question) is greater than 0.99 (shown as a blue circle with a ’C’), which provides a conservative assignment when placement is uncertain. The arrows point to the correct location for the phylogenetic placement of the query aDNA sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pathphynder-placement-of-ancient-african-samples-41avtzn7.png Figure 4: pathPhynder placement of ancient African samples into the A and B clades of the Y-chromosome tree. A and B lineages are mostly composed of present-day San, Mbuti and Biaka Pygmy populations. In terms of ancient DNA samples, these mostly belong to hunter-gatherer groups. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-placement-of-ancient-african-samples-into-the-e-30fisj3a.png Figure 5: Placement of ancient African samples into the E subclades of the Y-chromosome tree. A) E1b1b1a1 lineages carried by Morocco Ibemaurusian period samples and one Jordan PPNB individual. B) E1b1b1b1 lineages mostly present in Algerian Mozabite populations and shared with Moroccan Early Neolithic samples. C) E1b1b1b2 lineages present in Pastoral Neolithic samples from East Africa and Levantine Natufians to whom they are ancestrally related. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pathphynder-improves-y-chromosome-lineage-b9p7boj0.png Figure 3: pathPhynder improves Y-chromosome lineage resolution when compared to standard haplogroup determination methods. We identified 34 low coverage samples which were assigned to higher level branches of the Ychromosome tree in the literature (represented with blue crosses), and reassigned these with pathPhynder using the ’BigTree’ dataset as a reference (orange crosses). We estimate the distance between the previous and the newly estimated nodes (grey lines connecting the crosses), showing that in most cases, pathPhynder can make use of additional, uncatalogued variation to improve the resolution of Y-chromosome lineage assignment. The phylogenetic tree (inset) provides an example of this process for sample ASH008, which was previously assigned to BT [49]. By making use of both catalogued and uncatalogued SNPs, this sample can now be placed in the J1a2a1a2d2b clade. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-y-chromosome-snp-variation-a-3uyrcxjk.png Figure 2: Overview of Y-chromosome SNP variation. A) Phylogenetic tree of the ’BigTree’ Ychromosome reference dataset which we compiled in the present-work and sample location (slightly jittered). B) Total SNP count of different datasets, distinguishing variants that have not yet been included in the ISOGG 2019-2020 database. 16 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ntjxkjpr.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/pladias-database-of-the-czech-flora-and-vegetation-be6iz5j06c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-proportion-of-species-with-zygomorphic-flowers-in-the-2iu5i65r.png Fig. 12. – Proportion of species with zygomorphic flowers in the Czech flora. These species are frequent in the mountains and lowland non-wetland areas. Note that the proportion of actinomorphic flowers is the complement of the proportion of zygomorphic flowers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-proportion-of-species-with-different-leaf-shapes-in-2sgjw2rr.png Fig. 6. – Proportion of species with different leaf shapes in the Czech flora. Simple leaves (a) are prevalent in wetland areas, both in pond basins and along large rivers. As the proportion of species with reduced leaves is insignificant in the Czech flora, the map for the proportion of species with compound leaves is essentially inverse to this map. The proportion of the most common types of simple leaves (b–d) is shown relative to all the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-scheme-of-the-attribute-value-transfer-across-levels-2y3be5cw.png Fig. 2. – A scheme of the attribute value transfer across levels of the taxonomic hierarchy. Flower colour is used as an example characteristic. In the original data (a), the attribute is available only for subspecies Xb of species X (blue) and for species Y (red). After the attribute transfer, species X is assigned the blue colour from the subspecies Xb. The aggregate, including both species X and Y, is assigned to both colours. The red colour is also assigned to subspecies Ya of species Y because this is the only subspecies of this species in the national flora. However, no value can be assigned to subspecies Xa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-34-principal-component-analysis-pca-of-species-traits-48m9v59f.png Figure 34. Principal component analysis (PCA) of species traits from the Pladias Database. Arrows represent the relation between the traits and the axes (PC 1 and PC 2). Traits reaching r2 ≥ 0.1 when regressed against the first two axes are labelled with their names. Species are represented based on their scores defined by the “orditorp” function which prevents illegibility by displaying only some of overlapping labels. Label priority was set according to the frequency of the given species in the Czech National Phytosociological Database. Species codes: AlopAequ = Alopecurus aequalis, AnthArve= Anthemis arvensis, ArteVulg = Artemisia vulgaris, AspeCyna = Asperula cynanchica, BellPere = Bellis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-proportion-of-individual-life-forms-in-the-czech-flora-1dau72pn.png Fig. 4. – Proportion of individual life forms in the Czech flora. Chamaephytes are more common at middle elevations and in the mountains, hemicryptophytes in the mountains, geophytes in submontane areas of the Bohemian Massif and especially in the flysch Carpathians in the eastern part of the country, hydrophytes along rivers and in pond basins, and therophytes in the lowlands. Macrophanerophytes and nanophanerophytes did not reveal any distinct pattern; all phanerophytes are shown together. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-proportion-of-species-with-different-dispersal-10r959bk.png Fig. 17. – Proportion of species with different dispersal strategies in the Czech flora. The Allium dispersal strategy is frequent in dry lowlands, Bidens strategy in various lowland and mid-elevation areas, Cornus strategy also in various lowland and mid-elevation areas, but outside the pond basins and large river floodplains, Epilobium strategy in the high https://scispace.com/figures/fig-33-proportion-of-the-species-in-the-national-red-list-2nlbempq.png Fig. 33. – Proportion of the species in the national Red List categories Critically threatened (C1) and Endangered (C2) to the whole Czech flora. The species in both categories are divided into those threatened by being rare (r), declining (t) or both rare and declining (b). Species threatened due to rarity are found mainly in the highest mountain groups of the Sudetes (Krkonoše and Hrubý Jeseník Mountains). Declining species are found mostly at middle elevations. In contrast, species threatened by both rarity and decline do not display https://scispace.com/figures/fig-26-proportion-of-european-mediterranean-north-american-12vgwsy5.png Fig. 26. – Proportion of European, Mediterranean, North American and Asian species in the Czech alien flora (native species are not considered). Species originating on other continents are rare and do not display distinct patterns. The species introduced from other parts of nonMediterranean Europe are frequent in the mountain and submontane areas. Mediterranean species are frequent in the dry and warm lowlands. North American species tend to be more common in wetter areas, both in the precipitation-rich mountains and in the lowland pond basins or riverine landscapes. Asian species do not display any distinct pattern. https://scispace.com/papers/plains-zebra-equus-quagga-adrenocortical-activity-increases-4w9k53mld9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-acth-challenge-experiment-on-captive-plains-zebras-37aebytx.png Figure 2 ACTH challenge experiment on captive plains zebras. Course of fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) concentrations (ng/g dry weight) in fecal samples collected during a period spanning 29 hours before to 48 hours after the administration of ACTH (hour 0) applying an enzyme immunoassay based on an antibody against 11-hydroxyetiocholanolon in a zebra stallion and a zebra mare, respectively. The horizontal line indicates the calculated individual baseline fGCM concentrations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3odve99j.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-general-linear-models-that-assess-the-7uagzmh9.png Table 2 Results of general linear models that assess the effects of aggregation, reproductive state, and habitat type on fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations (fGCM) in adult male, adult female and juvenile zebras (subadults and foals), respectively, and values for degrees of freedom (df), sample size (N), and partial eta-squared (η2). Significant effects in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-aczzedo9.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-effect-of-aggregation-category-on-fgcm-26xb9bsu.png Figure 3 The effect of aggregation category on fGCM concentrations (ng/g ww) in adult male, adult female and juvenile plains zebras. Boxes indicate 2nd and 3rd quartiles, center lines indicate median values, upper (and lower) whiskers extend to the highest (and lowest) value that is within 1.5 times the inter-quartile range. Data points beyond the end of the whiskers are plotted as open dots. Filled dots indicate the predicted mean effects of aggregation by the respective linear model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-categories-of-plains-zebra-by-age-class-sex-and-1r7w0eoy.png Table 1 Categories of plains zebra by age class, sex, and reproductive state. Foals and subadults were combined in the age category termed juveniles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2ru87vi9.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/planar-inverted-f-antenna-design-for-a-fully-implantable-4ic26xiqhe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-concept-of-the-transcutaneous-energy-2to2tfwj.png Figure 1: Schematic concept of the Transcutaneous Energy Transfer (TET) system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-distribution-and-space-occupation-of-the-main-35vxqdzk.png Figure 3: (a) Distribution and space occupation of the main implanted electrical components, i.e. the backup battery, the power and control electronic components and the antenna. (b) Implant dummy enclosure and integrated antenna assembly, which was used for the in-vitro measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-medical-device-radiocommunications-service-medradio-1ajjyn9d.png Figure 2: Medical Device Radiocommunications Service (MedRadio) frequency spectrum overview and authorized bandwidths [5]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-summary-of-the-simulated-and-measured-antenna-37fvsute.png Table II: Summary of the simulated and measured antenna parameter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-measurement-setup-and-orientation-of-the-antenna-1p1oqngt.png Figure 8: (a) Measurement setup and orientation of the antenna used for the gain measurement in the anechoic chamber. (b)-(c) In-vitro measurement of the antenna gain in the y-z-plane for vertical polarisation (i.e. in x-direction) and horizontal polarization (i.e in z-direction) of the antenna. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-measurement-of-the-relative-permittivity-a-and-the-3r87xt27.png Figure 7: Measurement of the relative permittivity (a) and the dissipation factor (b) of the muscle mimicking liquid. (c)-(d) comparison of the measured and simulated reflection coefficient S11. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-dielectric-properties-and-densities-of-selected-34pzpuay.png Table I: Dielectric properties and densities of selected human tissues [14]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-dimensions-of-the-muscle-tissue-model-used-for-17ojmzdz.png Figure 6: (a) Dimensions of the muscle tissue model used for the numerical simulation and location of the implant within the tissue. (b) Influence of common human tissues on the resonance frequency of the final antenna design. (c) Schematic drawing of the hardware design of the final antenna assembly and the dummy implant used for the experimental verification. https://scispace.com/papers/plan-for-the-worst-hope-for-the-best-exploring-major-events-41e1x9y7sc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-representative-timeline-8ux2fx11.png Table 2- Representative Timeline https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-representative-timeline-1xcdyq7d.png Table 2- Representative Timeline https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-participant-sample-2tck5sdi.png Table 3- Participant Sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-methods-for-managing-terrorism-risk-ibrahim-2016-1f9d5nwi.png Figure 1- Methods for Managing Terrorism Risk (Ibrahim, 2016) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-defining-characteristics-of-terrorism-schmid-2004-z2yptpcp.png Table 1- Defining Characteristics of Terrorism (Schmid, 2004) https://scispace.com/papers/planar-localisation-analyses-a-novel-application-of-a-centre-2j11wp9ywd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-type-i-error-control-estimated-from-10000-2attuzc5.png Table 1: Type I Error control estimated from 10,000 simulations of two 100 observation sample https://scispace.com/papers/plane-augmentation-of-plane-graphs-to-meet-parity-3ky4txztqa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-union-of-two-literal-gadgets-when-their-1lbd5d8o.png Figure 4: (a) Union of two literal gadgets when their corresponding consecutive literals in Lx are both positive or negative. (b) Union of two literal gadgets when one of their corresponding literals is positive and the other negative. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-the-basic-gadget-it-admits-only-two-possible-11fmeonn.png Figure 3: (a) The basic gadget. It admits only two possible plane augmentations of its red interior vertices. The negative augmentation is shown with red dashed edges. (b) A literal gadget with a positive augmentation. (c) A clause gadget. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-spiral-gadget-b-arrow-gadget-xhkpzcld.png Figure 8: (a) Spiral gadget. (b) Arrow gadget. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-topologically-augmentable-mops-a-a-blue-diagonal-i2pwb8mq.png Figure 11: Topologically augmentable MOPs. (a) A blue diagonal exists. (b) Two non-parallel red-blue diagonals exist. (c) Two parallel red-blue diagonals and a degree-2 vertex exist. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plane-geometric-augmentation-problems-to-meet-a-set-3g1fbdve.png Figure 1: Plane geometric augmentation problems to meet a set of parity constraints. Vertices in R are depicted as red points and the rest as blue points. We use thick lines for the given plane geometric graph and dashed lines for the added edges. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-graph-gph-for-the-formula-ph-x1-x2-x3-x1-x2-x3-2rav58ov.png Figure 5: The graph GΦ for the formula Φ = (x̄1 ∨x2 ∨ x̄3)∧ (x1 ∨ x̄2 ∨ x̄3)∧ (x1 ∨ x̄3 ∨ x̄4) and the plane embedding F of FΦ shown in Figure 2. The exterior of the gadgets is triangulated. The plane topological augmentation shown in the figure correspond to the following assignment (x1, x2, x3, x4) = (T, T, F, T ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-decomposition-of-a-complete-graph-into-n-2-zig-zag-4u286esj.png Figure 13: Decomposition of a complete graph into n/2 zig-zag paths. (a) P1 in red, and P2 in blue. (b) Two maximal matchings on each zig-zag path. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-geometric-path-consisting-of-22-disk-shaped-kyzxgl55.png Figure 10: A geometric path consisting of 22 disk-shaped vertices and 22 cross-shaped vertices. https://scispace.com/papers/plane-by-plane-inscription-of-grating-structures-in-optical-er1tdrqisc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spectra-of-a-260-mm-long-and-chirped-grating-with-2frbgy6s.png Fig. 4. Spectra of a 260 mm long and chirped grating with chirp rate of 2 nm/cm. The total insertion loss is 0.5 dB for the whole 260 mm long grating. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spectra-of-a-20-mm-long-type-i-chirped-grating-in-smf-3514lc00.png Fig. 3. Spectra of a 20 mm long type I chirped grating in SMF-28 fiber with a chirp rate of 1 nm/cm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spectra-of-a-10-mm-long-type-i-grating-inscribed-by-1eudkaps.png Fig. 2. Spectra of a 10 mm long type I grating inscribed by plane-by-plane method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-spectrum-and-top-view-microscope-image-of-a-10-mm-1t18mf7a.png Fig. 8. Spectrum and top view microscope image of a 10 mm tilted grating in SMF-28 fiber. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagram-of-the-setup-for-plane-by-plane-grating-277ixalt.png Fig. 1. Diagram of the setup for plane-by-plane grating fabrication in optical fibers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulation-of-the-reflection-spectrum-of-a-260-mm-long-2zm8j8z8.png Fig. 5. Simulation of the reflection spectrum of a 260 mm long grating with chirp rate of 2 nm/cm. The errors of grating periods are assumed to be random from −3 to 3 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-strength-of-10-mm-long-gratings-fabricated-with-the-2tk3apha.png Fig. 6. Strength of 10 mm long gratings fabricated with the same inscription conditions except that the fiber core displaced away from the ideal alignment position. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-spectra-and-top-view-microscope-image-of-a-10-mm-long-o35lwybm.png Fig. 7. Spectra and top view microscope image of a 10 mm long uniform type II grating in SMF-28 fiber. Small vertical lines in the middle of the core in Fig. 4(b) are perpendicular to the laser beam direction. https://scispace.com/papers/planar-pose-estimation-using-a-camera-and-single-station-5annzfgotw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-true-scale-and-the-initial-guess-for-kitti-odometry-7sq8dok4.png Figure 4: True scale and the initial guess for KITTI odometry dataset 07 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scale-estimation-using-kitti-odometry-dataset-07-2f2vn4hz.png Figure 3: Scale estimation using KITTI odometry dataset 07 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-static-station-and-dynamic-rover-2m07wre1.png Figure 1: Static station and dynamic rover https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-impact-of-ranging-error-on-the-scale-estimation-29jjdq2u.png Figure 5: Impact of ranging error on the scale estimation error https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pose-estimation-using-kitti-odometry-dataset-04-2d545w5i.png Figure 6: Pose estimation using KITTI odometry dataset 04 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pose-estimation-using-kitti-odometry-dataset-03-613jquhj.png Figure 7: Pose estimation using KITTI odometry dataset 03 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-geometry-of-the-static-station-and-the-dynamic-263c2nqu.png Figure 2: Geometry of the static station and the dynamic rover https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-pose-estimation-using-kitti-odometry-dataset-07-2d10bt0s.png Figure 8: Pose estimation using KITTI odometry dataset 07 https://scispace.com/papers/planetesimals-to-protoplanets-i-effect-of-fragmentation-on-3gxu2cignw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-evolution-of-the-most-massive-planetesimals-solid-v9jlyz1i.png Fig. 13.—Evolution of the most massive planetesimals (solid green, dashed blue, and dashed red lines), the average planetesimals (dashed black line), the debris (solid black line), and the debris located outside the original disk bounds (dotted black line). The mass of the first, fifth, and tenth instantaneous largest planetesimals are shown in green, blue, and red, respectively. All are in units of the initial planetesimal mass m0 for each simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-semimajor-axis-vs-eccentricity-for-all-particles-in-2n2rfqus.png Fig. 5.—(a) Semimajor axis vs. eccentricity for all particles in the standard model after 50,000, 100,000, 200,000, and 400,000 yr. The radius of each circle is proportional to the radius of the particles in the simulation. The filled circles represent those protoplanets that have reached masses greater than 100 times the starting planetesimal mass (1:5 ;1024 g). The horizontal error bars are 10rH in length. (b) Same as (a), but for semimajor axis vs. mass in units of starting mass. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-shows-the-positions-of-all-particles-in-the-standard-155g4uce.png Fig. 6.—Shows the positions of all particles in the standard model simulation in mass vs. eccentricity space at four different times during the simulation. The mass is in units of the initial mass. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-cumulative-number-of-particles-by-mass-bin-for-five-2thsq5u5.png Fig. 7.—Cumulative number of particles by mass bin for five different stages in the simulation. Each line represents a different radial bin of the disk: the solid line represents the innermost region of the disk (a < 0:75 AU), the dotted line represents particles between 0.75 and 1.00 AU, the short-dashed line represents particles between 1.00 and 1.25 AU, and the long-dashed line represents particles with a > 1:25 AU. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-a-average-impact-parameter-crosses-and-mass-ratio-12dzrzm0.png Fig. 12.—(a) Average impact parameter (crosses) and mass ratio (dots) in logarithmic time bins. (b) Average impact speed for these collisions with the same binning. The error bars represent 50% of the most extreme values in that bin. 1 and are the same as in Fig. 11. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-interpolation-extrapolation-table-for-the-first-phase-2tmrds0g.png Fig. 1.—Interpolation /extrapolation table for the first phase of the collision model. Each plot in this table shows the mass of the largest postcollision remnant in units of the total system mass vs. impact speed in units of vcrit (see text). The five columns correspond to different normal coefficients of restitution ( n). No surface friction was included in any of these simulations ( t 1). The rows correspond to different impact parameters b in units of the sum of the radii of the impactors (b ¼ 0 is a head-on collision, b ¼ 1 is a glancing collision). The color lines represent various mass ratios ( ): black, 1/100; red, 1/20; green, 1/9; blue, 1/6; cyan, 1/5; magenta, 1/3; yellow, 1/2; red dashes, 1/1. The red dots are actual data from numerical simulations (similar to the one shown in Fig. 3). The black dots are points in the database that are fixed at theoretical limits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-mass-as-a-function-of-time-top-and-velocity-3u5unddl.png Fig. 17.—Mass as a function of time (top) and velocity dispersion as a function of time (bottom) for n ¼ 0 (perfect merging), 0.1, 0.5, and 0.8. For each n > 0, three simulations were conducted. Each is represented by a separate line in the plots. The solid lines in the top panels are for the largest instantaneous mass. The dashed line shows the average mass. In the bottom panels the solid line shows the velocity dispersion and the dashed line shows the velocity dispersion weighted by mass. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-eccentricity-vs-semimajor-axis-for-three-different-1v51y6bv.png Fig. 8.—Eccentricity vs. semimajor axis for three different surface density distributions: 1 ¼ 100, 10, and 1 g cm 2 (top to bottom). The runs shown here all have ¼ 3/2. The simulations are shown at 100,000, 400,000, and 600,000 yr, respectively (a few times the time required to grow isolation masses for the respective initial surface density). The filled circles represent those protoplanets that have grown 100 times the initial planetesimal mass (1:5 ;1025, 1:5 ; 1024, and 1:5 ; 1023 g, respectively). [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/papers/planetsim-a-new-overlay-network-simulation-framework-35c5zwn76h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-chord-vs-symphony-lookup-hops-lbp04til.png Fig. 3. Chord vs Symphony lookup hops https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-planetsim-class-diagram-1avajc7s.png Fig. 2. PlanetSim class diagram https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-chord-vs-symphony-stabilization-time-22ladci5.png Fig. 4. Chord vs Symphony stabilization time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-common-api-diagram-2d9tsd9u.png Fig. 1. Common API Diagram https://scispace.com/papers/planned-knowledge-locations-in-cities-studying-emergence-and-5e2koh7qbi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-arabianranta-governance-rounds-chronology-of-events-1u4ggrpd.png Table 1 Arabianranta: governance rounds, chronology of events and context (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-biocant-governance-rounds-chronology-of-events-and-1nfargpt.png Table 2 Biocant: governance rounds, chronology of events and context (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-biocant-governance-rounds-chronology-of-events-and-af2v2jtw.png Table 2 Biocant: governance rounds, chronology of events and context (continued) https://scispace.com/papers/planning-aircraft-measurements-within-a-warm-conveyor-belt-28sjcf27no 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-the-500hpa-geopotential-height-m-and-wind-speed-30lkvue5.png Figure 2. (a) The 500hPa geopotential height (m) and wind speed (ms−1) analysis at 1200 UTC on 19 October 2012, (b) an RGB MODIS image of the AQUA overpass at 1251 UTC (from NERC Satellite Receiving Station, Dundee University, Scotland, http://www.sat.dundee.ac.uk) and (c) a vertical section along the blue line in (a) of the ECMWF analysed cloud-cover fraction (colour shading), horizontal wind speed (red contours, ms−1) and potential temperature (grey contours, K.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-wcb-trajectories-and-positions-at-1200-utc-on-36dretqm.png Figure 4. The WCB trajectories and positions at 1200 UTC on 19 October 2012 based on the 1200 UTC 17 October deterministic forecast. The WCB trajectories started at 1800 UTC on 18 October. (a) The WCB trajectories are coloured according to pressure (hPa), grey lines show the sea-level pressure (with an interval of 2hPa) and the blue stippled area marks stratospheric air (potential vorticity > 2 PVU, where 1 PVU = 1m2s−1Kkg−1) at 325K; black dots show the trajectory positions 18h (+48h forecast lead time) after the beginning of the ascent. (b) Cross-section through the WCB showing equivalent potential temperature (colour shading, in K), dynamical tropopause (black contour, 2 PVU), liquid-water content (blue contour, 0.1gkg−1) and ice-water content (white contour, 0.1gkg−1), black crosses mark the intersection of the trajectories shown in (a). The panel in the upper left corner of (b) shows the position of the cross-section in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-virtual-tracer-plume-simulated-by-flexpart-23q4tomb.png Figure 5. (a) Virtual tracer plume simulated by FLEXPART (shading, total column tracer mass) for releases on flight legs AC, CB and BC of flight 1 (OP, Brest). The previously sampled air mass was predicted to be re-encountered during a second flight from Brest to British Midlands (BM) between 1700 and 1900 UTC according to the operational forecast issued at 0000 UTC on 19 October. (b) Profiles of flight 1 (blue line) and flight 2 (black line) superimposed by the tracer concentration. Dashed vertical lines indicate location of the dropsondes over the English Channel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-overview-of-the-t-nawdex-falcon-flight-tracks-7df8danu.png Figure 1. (a) Overview of the T-NAWDEX–Falcon flight tracks. Oberpfaffenhofen (OP), Brest (B), East-Midlands (EM) and Münster (M) airports are marked with black dots. (b) Overview of the permission status for aerial work and dropsonde releases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-wcb-ensemble-probability-of-occurrence-in-3j2m5p21.png Figure 3. The WCB-ensemble probability of occurrence (in % shaded) for the total layer, valid at 1200 UTC on 19 October 2012, for forecasts initialised at (a) 1200 UTC on 14 October (+120h), (b) 0000 UTC on 16 October (+84h), (c) 1200 UTC on 17 October (+48h) and (d) 0000 UTC on 19 October (+12h). https://scispace.com/papers/planktonic-diatom-assemblage-seasonal-diversity-used-to-21sm25xnjv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-beta-diversity-db-results-from-the-study-sites-cbw12-1bvq0nan.png Table 4. Beta diversity (Dβ) results from the study sites (CBW12 is excluded, no replicates in the river). We refer to Caulín Bay as BC; Huenque river as RH; austral winter (W) or austral spring (S), in relation to the season of the sample, and finalize with the corresponding year (12 or 14) (e.g., BCW12 or RHW14). / Resultados de diversidad (Dβ) para los sitios de estudio (CBW12 se excluye; no hubo réplicas para el río). Nos referimos a la Bahía de Caulín como BC; Río Huenque como RH; invierno austral (W) o primavera austral (S), en relación con la temporada de la muestra, y finalizamos con el año correspondiente (12 o 14) (por ejemplo, BCW12 o RHW14). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geographic-location-of-the-study-area-caulin-bay-rm9dt3vp.png Figure 1. Geographic location of the study area, Caulín Bay (41°49’S; 73°38’W). A: a map of Chile, the black square indicates Chiloé Island; B: a map of Chiloé Island, highlighting the location of Caulín Bay; C: the location of the sampling points (the light grey circles were only sampled in 2014). BC: Caulín Bay; RH: Huenque River. / Localización geográfica del área de estudio, Bahía de Caulín (41º49’S; 73º38’O). A: muestra un mapa de Chile, el cuadrado negro indica a la isla de Chiloé; B: muestra un mapa de la isla de Chiloé, señalando la localización de la Bahía de Caulín; C: muestra la localización de los puntos de muestreo (los círculos grises claros sólo fueron muestreados en 2014). BC: Bahía de Caulín: RH: Río Huenque. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rarefaction-curve-over-the-period-we-studied-diatom-5b3ckt1h.png Figure 2. Rarefaction curve over the period we studied diatom genera. We refer to Caulín Bay as BC; Huenque river as RH; austral winter (W) or austral spring (S), in relation to the season of the sample, and finalize with the corresponding year (12 or 14) (e.g., BCW12 or RHW14). / Curva de rarefacción para el período de tiempo que los géneros de diatomeas fueron estudiados. Nos referimos a la Bahía de Caulín como BC; Río Huenque como RH; invierno austral (W) o primavera austral (S), en relación con la temporada de la muestra, y finalizamos con el año correspondiente (12 o 14) (por ejemplo, BCW12 o RHW14). https://scispace.com/papers/planning-and-analysis-of-measurement-reliability-studies-m5oo9qjvz1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-example-data-from-a-10-2-2sp-plan-1sv35hd2.png Table 2: Example Data from a 10 2, 2SP Plan https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-contour-plot-of-the-standard-error-of-for-sp-22-3da0ndih.png Figure 4: Contour Plot of the Standard Error of ̂ for SP(2,2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulated-biases-and-standard-errors-and-is5w9tue.png Table 1: Simulated Biases and Standard Errors and Approximated Standard Errors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-contour-plot-of-the-standard-error-of-for-sp-22-2xzy9p4y.png Figure 3: Contour Plot of the Standard Error of ̂ for SP(2,2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-efficiency-of-30-2-2sp-versus-sp-206-left-and-the-2l0u8h23.png Figure 1: Efficiency of 30 2, 2SP versus SP(20,6) (left) and the best SP (right), N=120 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-efficiency-of-15-2-2sp-versus-sp-106-left-and-the-1ssmauog.png Figure 2: Efficiency of 15 2, 2SP versus SP(10,6) (left) and the best SP (right), N=60 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-best-four-plans-satisfying-the-constraints-1jpvil9j.png Table 3: Best Four Plans Satisfying the Constraints https://scispace.com/papers/planning-and-learning-algorithms-for-routing-in-disruption-24g5mwfckm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-battlefield-scenario-6khauhh8.png Fig. 1. Battlefield Scenario https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulated-performance-15w8njcb.png Table I. Simulated Performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-relative-performance-in-average-3aeqc6be.png Table II. Relative Performance in Average https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relative-performance-of-learning-based-routing-97mirgse.png Fig. 2. Relative Performance of Learning-Based Routing https://scispace.com/papers/planning-and-articulation-in-incremental-word-production-svu97eppdz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-mean-voice-onset-latencies-in-milliseconds-and-2jeahd22.png Table 7 Mean Voice Onset Latencies (in Milliseconds) and Percentage of Errors for Experiment 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sample-disyllabic-pseudowords-in-experiments-2-and-3-4l3ezs2k.png Table 3 Sample Disyllabic Pseudowords in Experiments 2 and 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-voice-onset-latencies-in-milliseconds-and-d46f9nzk.png Table 4 Mean Voice Onset Latencies (in Milliseconds) and Percentage of Errors for Experiment 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-voice-onset-latencies-in-milliseconds-and-l4rdb1nb.png Table 5 Mean Voice Onset Latencies (in Milliseconds) and Percentage of Errors for Experiment 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-summary-of-the-mean-syllable-frequency-effects-in-3i926yl2.png Table 8 Summary of the Mean Syllable-Frequency Effects in Mono- and Disyllabic Pseudowords in Dutch and English https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-sample-disyllabic-english-pseudowords-with-the-1l7sk59t.png Table 6 Sample Disyllabic English Pseudowords With the Frequency Manipulation on the Second Syllable and Long First Syllables in Experiment 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-an-experimental-quartet-consisting-of-two-high-and-147r7cxp.png Table 1 An Experimental Quartet Consisting of Two High- and Two Low-Frequency Syllables https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-voice-onset-latencies-in-milliseconds-and-1ftvbkjp.png Table 2 Mean Voice Onset Latencies (in Milliseconds) and Percentage of Errors for Experiment 1 https://scispace.com/papers/planning-and-scheduling-data-processing-workflows-in-the-32b6ob9qv3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-branches-in-a-workflow-1bd1f26a.png Fig. 1. Branches in a workflow https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-task-completion-over-time-u59q61n3.png Fig. 5. Task completion over time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-cost-correlation-for-1000-samples-om8v0c0q.png Fig. 4. Time cost correlation for 1000 samples https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cost-per-hour-left-and-time-taken-for-pipeline-1tv8ud00.png Fig. 3. Cost per hour (left) and time taken for pipeline execution (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-cost-versus-relaxation-2g5elxzf.png Fig. 8. Cost versus relaxation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cost-variation-for-different-time-limits-3hlzrm3t.png Fig. 6. Cost variation for different time limits https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-time-taken-for-planning-3fn5ui1d.png Fig. 7. Time taken for planning https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-markov-decision-process-diagram-ly8onv9l.png Fig. 2. Markov Decision Process diagram https://scispace.com/papers/planning-eco-industrial-parks-an-analysis-of-dutch-planning-143rmznzhz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-steering-instruments-suggested-in-the-six-planning-csvhmkk1.png Table 3. Steering instruments suggested in the six planning methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-themes-and-options-addressed-in-the-planning-methods-2k97jg1g.png Table 1. Themes and options addressed in the planning methods https://scispace.com/papers/planning-in-the-face-of-deep-divisions-a-view-from-beirut-2yhbkj1bgy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-locations-from-which-vendors-and-visitors-come-to-ftpdmmyp.png Table 1. Locations from which vendors and visitors come to the two markets as per interviews in 2007. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-municipal-beirut-indicating-temporary-public-qs28m0p5.png Figure 1. Map of municipal Beirut indicating temporary public spaces, the pre-1991 demarcation line and boundaries of the city centre. https://scispace.com/papers/planning-of-an-offshore-well-plugging-campaign-a-vehicle-1jfbdbj0yt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-input-data-for-ssr-and-lwiv-18cj2h54.png Table 2. Summary of input data for SSR and LWIV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-optimal-vessel-routes-for-the-six-different-scenarios-88w7vhlf.png Fig. 2. Optimal vessel routes for the six different scenarios. The solid and dashed routes correspond to the SSR and LWIV respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-compatibility-of-phases-and-vessel-classes-te3hbi5o.png Table 1. Compatibility of phases and vessel classes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagram-of-a-multilateral-well-3ra1g8ot.png Fig. 1. Diagram of a multilateral well https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cost-increase-in-percentage-for-the-different-3teuk6tw.png Table 3. Cost increase (in percentage) for the different strategies compared to the optimal cost (in million dollars) and start- and end-times for the routes in the optimal strategy (second route in parenthesis). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-computational-results-2sy13m97.png Table 4. Computational results https://scispace.com/papers/planning-stacking-operations-with-an-unknown-number-of-34bjx52so9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-general-schema-of-the-working-space-detailing-the-1i5x6t9r.png Figure 2: General schema of the working space, detailing the different labeled areas. Table can be divided in several regions in general. Here is divided in two, like in the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-diagram-of-two-experiments-results-boxes-marked-38ft9ga7.png Figure 4: Diagram of two experiments results. Boxes marked with B represent big glasses and boxes with S are the small ones. Empty positions are represented by a circle and the action to perform with an arrow. The top side is the table and the bottom side is the tray. States are indicated as si. Between two states there is a transition T. Objects placed together mean that they are stacked vertically. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-depth-image-provided-by-the-tof-camera-and-used-to-3rss9u78.png Figure 3: Depth image provided by the ToF camera and used to compute the perceptions. Colors correspond to different depths. Observe the robot horizontally centered in the image, and the hand with its three fingers in the center. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-robotic-arm-used-in-the-experiments-executing-u0jfzi7t.png Figure 1: The robotic arm used in the experiments executing the policy computed by the planner https://scispace.com/papers/plant-diversity-and-generation-of-ecosystem-services-at-the-4b5krii9rp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-total-frequency-of-expert-assessment-on-direction-3ty2ypg4.png Figure 2. Total frequency of expert assessment on direction of effect of levels of organization and components of plant diversity on the generation of ecosystem services. In (a) the total frequencies of answers for each type of effect were obtained by adding up both all levels of organization and all services; in (b) the total frequencies of answers were obtained by adding up both all components and all services. Arrows indicate that frequencies were significantly higher () or lower () than expected from a null model of equal frequencies of all answers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-expert-assessment-of-direction-of-effect-and-1i6hy57r.png Table 3. Expert assessment of direction of effect and relative importance of levels of organization of plant diversity on the generation of ecosystem 686 services. Presentation of cells as Table 1; p<0.00014 (). 687 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-expert-assessment-on-the-relative-importance-of-2wxy48le.png Table 5. Expert assessment on the relative importance of plant diversity with respect to that of abiotic resources and conditions for the generation of 694 ecosystem services. Presentation of cells as Table 1; p<0.00014 (). 695 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-expert-assessment-on-the-relative-importance-of-1k8tevqy.png Table 2. Expert assessment on the relative importance of plant diversity with respect to that of resources and conditions for the 681 generation of ecosystem services. Presentation of cells as Table 1; p<0.00014 (). 682 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-framework-for-the-design-of-the-survey-on-plant-35za713w.png Figure 1. Framework for the design of the survey on plant diversity and the generation of ecosystem services. 699 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-expert-assessment-of-direction-of-effect-and-1rrrzzvk.png Table 1. Expert assessment of direction of effect and relative importance of levels of organization and components of plant 670 diversity on the generation of ecosystem services. Cells with a square indicate levels of organization and components that were 671 significantly more frequently mentioned than would be expected from a null model of equal frequencies of all answers, both for 672 effects and relative importance; P<0.00014 (); cells with no square indicate no significantly different frequencies from those 673 expected from the null model. (--) is used to show that the direction of species composition effect on the generation of services 674 could not be assessed (see text for details). 675 https://scispace.com/papers/plant-and-soil-lipid-modification-under-elevated-atmospheric-13ion0ixdz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relative-contribution-of-individual-long-chain-acids-dghxq23i.png Table 1 Relative contribution (%) of individual long chain acids and alkanes to Wiesenberg et al., 2007) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-isotopic-composition-d13c-of-bulk-samples-and-1bfp895t.png Fig. 1. Isotopic composition (d13C) of bulk samples and individual carboxylic acids for L. perenne and T. repens plants and soil under ambient and elevated CO2 conditions. Error bars indicate standard deviation for at least three compound specific isotope determinations of individual lipids. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-isotopic-differences-in-n-alkanes-from-soils-and-1ektkodx.png Fig. 4. Isotopic differences in n-alkanes from soils and plants grown under ambient and elevated CO2 conditions. Error bars indicate standard deviation for at least three compound-specific isotope determinations of individual lipids. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-calculated-replaced-carbon-proportions-and-turnover-35ehaf82.png Fig. 8. Calculated replaced carbon proportions and turnover times fo perenne. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-calculated-replaced-carbon-proportions-of-individual-n-3ozxok2g.png Fig. 7. Calculated replaced carbon proportions of individual n-alkanes in soils under T. repens and L. perenne. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-isotopic-differences-in-plant-and-soil-carboxylic-31fbfsb8.png Fig. 2. Isotopic differences in plant and soil carboxylic acids between ambient and elevated CO2 conditions. Error bars indicate standard deviation for at least three compound specific isotope determinations of individual lipids. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-isotopic-composition-of-most-abundant-long-chain-fatty-25zsrgkv.png Fig. 5. Isotopic composition of most abundant long chain fatty acids vs. n-alkanes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-calculated-replaced-carbon-proportions-of-individual-2ohgerk3.png Fig. 6. Calculated replaced carbon proportions of individual carboxylic acids in soils under T. repens and L. perenne. https://scispace.com/papers/plant-glutathione-transferases-4grasntvgj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-overview-of-gst-dimer-structure-and-substrate-25lkzy7s.png Figure 5 Overview of GST dimer structure and substrate binding. (a) A ribbon/surface representation of a typical GST subunit (Z. mays GSTF1, pdb 1BYE), with the amino-terminal domain in green, the linker region in red, the carboxy-terminal domain in blue and the protein surface in gray. A glutathione conjugate of the herbicide atrazine in ball-and-stick representation is shown binding at the active site; the GSH-binding site (G site) is highlighted in yellow and the hydrophobic site (H site) is highlighted in blue. (b) A ribbon/surface representation of the ZmGSTF1 homodimer oriented with the amino-terminal domains at bottom left and top right and the subunits in blue and purple. The atrazine-glutathione conjugates are shown in ball-and-stick representation, bound at the active site of each subunit. The dimer is formed by a ball-and-socket interaction between the amino- and carboxy-terminal domains of the different subunits (see text for further details); the deep cleft between subunits is characteristic of phi GSTs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nomenclature-for-arabidopsis-and-other-plant-gsts-2gxgnb4q.png Figure 3 Nomenclature for Arabidopsis and other plant GSTs, adapted from the mammalian GST classification system [14]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-gst-genes-in-the-arabidopsis-genome-2xthwiqz.png Figure 2 Distribution of GST genes in the Arabidopsis genome, showing clustering of GSTs of the same class because of gene duplication. Chromosomes are represented by numbered gray bars; each triangle represents a single GST gene. The organization of the coding sequence of a typical gene in each class is shown below, drawn to scale; intron positions are shown as black lines. https://scispace.com/papers/plant-growth-and-survival-of-five-introduced-and-two-native-2arb03dcom 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-applied-treatments-treatment-dates-and-3no6ihom.png Table 2 Summary of applied treatments, treatment dates and purposes. Plant used during the second growing cycle (2008/ 2009) received the same treatments than those on the first growing cycle (2007/2008) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-total-dry-weight-production-per-square-centimetre-3nc4k41e.png Figure 6 Total dry-weight production per square centimetre in 2007/2008 or 2008/2009 on plants of seven (2007/2008) or five genotypes (2008/2009) exposed to two defoliation managements (Control, Defoliated). Each histogram is the mean 1 SE of n = 7. Within each growing cycle, different letters above histograms indicate significant differences (P < 0 05) among genotypes (first letter) or between defoliation managements (second letter). Presence of zero values indicates dead plants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-percentage-survival-of-seven-genotypes-exposed-to-hkzjlncg.png Figure 7 Percentage survival of seven genotypes exposed to two defoliation managements (Control, Defoliated) at the end of the growing seasons of 2007/2008 or 2008/2009. Each histogram is the mean 1 SE of n = 7. Absence of histograms indicates zero values (i.e. dead plants). Within each growing cycle, different letters above histograms indicate significant differences (P < 0 05) among genotypes (first letter) or between defoliation managements (second letter). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-a-summary-of-measurements-unit-taken-and-date-and-2b2ntyic.png Table 3 A summary of measurements (unit) taken, and date and purpose of measurements. Results were expressed on a per unit surface area basis (i.e. per square centimetre) because of inherent differences in tiller density (tiller number per square centimetre) and plant basal area among genotypes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-number-of-daughter-tillers-per-square-centimetre-on-81pfut3f.png Figure 4 Number of daughter tillers per square centimetre on plants of seven (2007/2008) or five genotypes (2008/ 2009) exposed to two defoliation managements (Control, Defoliated) during the growing seasons of 2007/2008 and 2008/2009. Each histogram is the mean 1 SE of n = 42 (2007/2008) or n = 35 (2008/2009). Within each growing cycle, different letters above histograms indicate significant differences (P < 0 05) among genotypes (first letter) or between defoliation managements (second letter). Presence of zero values indicates dead plants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-total-leaf-length-length-of-total-blades-sheaths-2kl76z8w.png Figure 5 Total leaf length [length of total blades + sheaths (green + dry)/cm2; cm/cm2] on plants of seven (2007/2008) or five genotypes (2008/2009) exposed to two defoliation managements (Control, Defoliated) during the growing seasons of 2007/2008 and 2008/2009. Each histogram is the mean 1 SE of n = 7. Within each growing cycle, different letters above histograms indicate significant differences (P < 0 05) among genotypes (first letter) or between defoliation managements (second letter). Presence of zero values indicates dead plants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-absolute-monthly-maximum-and-minimum-and-mean-1pbplxm5.png Figure 1 Absolute monthly maximum and minimum, and mean monthly air temperatures; mean monthly soil temperatures at 0–20 cm soil depth; absolute monthly maximum and minimum, and mean monthly relative humidities, mean monthly wind speed and saturation water vapour deficit, and mean monthly pan evaporation and monthly rainfall during 2006, 2007 and 2008 at a meteorological station located at the study site. Annual precipitations during 2006, 2007 and 2008 were 428 1; 287 5 and 198 0 mm respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tiller-numbers-on-plants-of-seven-2007-2008-or-five-3c2fwask.png Figure 2 Tiller numbers on plants of seven (2007/2008) or five genotypes (2008/2009) exposed to two defoliation managements (Control, Defoliated) during the growing seasons of 2007/2008 and 2008/2009. All plants were obtained from seeds. Each histogram is the mean 1 SE of n = 7. Different letters above histograms indicate significant differences (P < 0 05) among genotypes (first letter) or between defoliation managements (second letter). Letters in parenthesis indicate that there was an interaction (P < 0 05) between genotype and defoliation management. In these cases, differences (P < 0 05) among genotypes within each defoliation management (first letter) and between defoliation management within each genotype (second letter) are indicated in parenthesis. Presence of zero values indicates dead plants. https://scispace.com/papers/plant-level-productivity-and-imputation-of-missing-data-in-4ku4ei955k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-imputation-rates-for-key-variables-2007-censuses-of-29q0phyh.png Table 3: Imputation Rates for Key Variables, 2007 Censuses of Manufactures, Selected Industries https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-production-function-parameter-estimates-and-1574numz.png Table 4: Production Function Parameter Estimates And Productivity Dispersion, Selected Industries, 2007 Census of Manufactures https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-production-function-parameter-estimates-and-37xwc8c4.png Table 5: Production Function Parameter Estimates And Productivity Dispersion, Selected Industries, 2007 Census of Manufactures, CARTcompleted Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-imputation-rates-for-key-variables-at-6-digit-naics-fq4g6iu9.png Table 1: Imputation Rates for Key Variables At 6-digit NAICS Industry Level 2002 and 2007 Censuses of Manufactures https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-posterior-predictive-p-values-for-production-1g8engkh.png Table 6: Posterior Predictive P-Values for Production Function Parameter Estimates, Selected Industries, 2007 Census of Manufactures, CART-completed Data vs. CART-predicted Data. The p-values indicate whether or not the parameter estimates from the CARTcompleted datasets consistently deviate from the estimates from the CARTpredicted datasets, based on 500 pairs of completed datasets and predicted datasets for each industry. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-ratios-of-within-industry-2jxfien2.png Table 2: Distribution of Ratios of Within-Industry Interquartile Ranges of Ratios of Key Variables in Imputed Data vs. Fully Observed Data (equation 2) https://scispace.com/papers/plant-root-penetration-and-growth-as-a-mechanical-inclusion-25jllizp3j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-in-each-soil-medium-we-evaluated-the-variation-of-33nzb3vn.png Figure 7 (a) In each soil medium we evaluated the variation of the root length at the sixth day of life, by considering all the combinations of the values for the scaling parameter 𝛾 of the input power from the plant seed, exploited in the numerical solution (Table 1); (b) The dotted line represents the variation of the root length in the numerical solutions of Figs 5 and 6; (c) The linear fit of 𝛾 and different concentrations of Phytagel (R-squared: 0.97; y = a∙x, a = 1.498∙10-2 MPa∙mm3/s). https://scispace.com/papers/plant-species-classification-using-a-3d-lidar-sensor-and-3d9vld0541 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transformation-into-plant-coordinate-system-k3gze5t2.png Figure 3. Transformation into plant coordinate system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-shows-the-bonirob-platform-b-shows-an-example-3bja0dwz.png Figure 1. (a) shows the BoniRob platform. (b) shows an example plant and the corresponding point cloud. The point cloud is colored according to the reflectance values using the HSV color space. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-classifier-evaluation-1xspvu8p.png Table II CLASSIFIER EVALUATION https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-images-a-f-show-our-six-tested-plants-species-2chkwnh2.png Figure 5. The images (a)-(f) show our six tested plants species. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-number-of-samples-and-dataset-per-plant-species-3x3y3222.png Table I NUMBER OF SAMPLES AND DATASET PER PLANT SPECIES https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-feature-evaluation-2mkeaf6h.png Table III FEATURE EVALUATION https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-algorithm-overview-the-grey-box-marks-the-learning-df6btkma.png Figure 2. Algorithm overview: The grey box marks the learning and the dashed box the classification process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-images-show-the-2d-projection-on-front-side-and-2vm95g98.png Figure 4. The images show the 2D projection on front-, side- and top-view. The projections are created using the point cloud of a Guzmania Bromelia plant (see Figure 5(c)). https://scispace.com/papers/planting-density-and-culture-time-of-wheat-seedlings-affect-3bjk7l40y8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-root-border-cell-number-in-apex-of-wheat-seedlings-25elz7i2.png Table 1 Root border cell number in apex of wheat seedlings evaluated in situ and by preparative method day 1 to day 3 of growth https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-morphology-of-the-root-apex-of-the-1-day-old-seedlings-1i995pyj.png Fig. 1 Morphology of the root apex of the 1-day-old seedlings: a root apex; b gel cap with root border cells located in polysaccharide mucilage; c round border cells present near apex surface; d individual and aggregated oval border cells near lateral apex surface. Arrows indicate the borders of the polysaccharide mucilage. Expressed heterogeneity of the root microenvironment is observed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-carbohydrate-content-mg-glucose-100-seedlings-in-root-27u3qcvu.png Fig. 8 Carbohydrate content (mg glucose/100 seedlings) in root exudates of 1-, 2- and 3-days-old wheat seedlings. Bars represent mean ± SEM of five replicates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-protease-activity-mg-glycine-100-seedlings-in-root-3tridl2t.png Fig. 7 Protease activity (mg glycine/100 seedlings) in root exudates of 1-, 2- and 3-days-old wheat seedlings at different planting densities. Bars represent mean ± SEM of five replicates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-attractors-for-protein-content-in-root-exudates-of-1-2-1i3klr5d.png Fig. 9 Attractors for protein content in root exudates of 1-, 2- and 3-day-old wheat seedlings at different planting densities https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-total-protein-content-in-root-exudates-of-1-2-and-3-2c65akie.png Fig. 5 Total protein content in root exudates of 1-, 2- and 3-days-old wheat seedlings at different planting densities. Bars represent mean ± SEM of five replicates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-high-molecular-weight-protein-hmwp-content-of-total-3pfjf40m.png Fig. 6 High-molecular weight protein (HMWP) content (% of total protein) in root exudates of 1-, 2- and 3- day-old seedlings at different planting densities. Bars represent mean ± SEM of five replicates a ELECTROPHOREGRAM of HMWP: paths 1 and 5 are proteins with known molecular masses; paths 2–4 are proteins of exudates of 1-, 2- and 3-days-old seedlings, respectively (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-attractors-for-root-length-of-1-2-and-3-day-old-wheat-32hjaege.png Fig. 4 Attractors for root length of 1-, 2- and 3-day-old wheat seedlings at different planting densities https://scispace.com/papers/plasma-beta-dependence-of-the-ion-scale-spectral-break-of-trk9sjg1ut 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-simulations-and-their-relevant-parameters-1vjz6wn9.png Table 1 List of Simulations and Their Relevant Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top-panel-power-spectra-of-the-parallel-magnetic-2lmuy9e1.png Figure 4. Top panel: power spectra of the parallel magnetic fluctuations for different values of β (for the sake of clarity, only the simulations with the same initial setup, i.e., the same level of initial fluctuations and the same spatial resolution, are shown here). Middle panel: comparison between the power spectra of the perpendicular and the parallel magnetic fluctuations (dark red and orange, respectively) for a low-beta case. Bottom panel: the same as in the middle panel, but for a high-beta case. In all panels, a power law with aspectral index of −2.8 is reported as a reference for the scaling at sub-ion scales. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-panel-blue-points-denote-the-wavevector-k-b-fsp7rtd9.png Figure 3. Top panel: blue points denote the wavevector k̂ b associated with the spectral break in the magnetic fluctuations, normalized to ρi (top half) and to di (bottom half), as a function of the plasma β for all the simulations performed. Dashed lines show the asymptotic values k⊥ρi∼3 (top half) and ~k̂ d 3i (bottom half). Bottom panel: blue and red points denote the length scale lb of the break, normalized to di and ρi, respectively, as a function of the plasma β. A blue curveand an orange curverepresent the empirical relation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-panel-power-spectra-of-magnetic-fluctuations-24179bz0.png Figure 1. Top panel: power spectra of magnetic fluctuations for different values of the plasma beta, β, vs. k̂ di. Middle panel: power spectra of magnetic fluctuations for different values of β, compensated by k̂5 3, vs. k⊥ di. Bottom panel: the same as in the middle panel, but vs. rk̂ i. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-power-spectra-of-magnetic-fluctuations-for-three-n1yz1xl7.png Figure 2. Power spectra of magnetic fluctuations for three different values of the proton plasma beta representing different regimes, i.e., β=0.01 (top panel), β=1 (middle panel), and β=10 (bottom panel). The light blue and light red shaded regions mark the intervals where the global fits of the power laws were performed, for the inertial and the kinetic ranges, respectively. In the bottom parts of each panel, the value of the local spectral index, α, is also reported. https://scispace.com/papers/plasma-based-laser-pulse-control-techniques-for-laser-49f8crf366 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-normalized-intensity-a2-r-z-after-propagating-0-95-10clg93c.png Figure 3. Normalized intensity a2(r,ζ) after propagating 0.95 cm for the LEM simulation described above. This is the first stage of a two-stage LWFA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-normalized-on-axis-intensity-a2-r-0-versus-t-t-z-c-182mb78l.png Figure 2. Normalized on-axis intensity a2(r=0) versus τ = t – z/c at three different propagation distances from the WAKE simulation described above. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-normalized-intensity-a2-versus-r-and-z-z-ct-after-3m8s2cpo.png Figure 1. Normalized intensity a2 versus r and ζ = z – ct after propagating 4.8 cm in a plasma channel from the LEM simulation described above. https://scispace.com/papers/plasma-l-citrulline-concentrations-and-its-relationship-with-jhltyl0pm7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-behavior-of-plasma-citrulline-concentration-in-33n94aw1.png Figure 1 A. Behavior of plasma citrulline concentration in the 8 septic shock survivor patients https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-b-behavior-of-plasma-citrulline-concentration-in-2j0y0hri.png Figure 1 A. Behavior of plasma citrulline concentration in the 8 septic shock survivor patients https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-plasma-citrulline-glutamine-and-arginine-over-the-19l7osli.png Table 3. Plasma citrulline, glutamine, and arginine over the study period https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-plasma-crp-cytokines-tnfandil-10-and-lactates-over-21ofbyuc.png Table 4: Plasma CRP, cytokines (TNFandIL-10 and lactates over the study period https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relationship-between-plasma-citrulline-and-crp-346fdczd.png Figure 2. Relationship between plasma citrulline and CRP concentrations at H0 in survivor (n=8) and non-survivor (n=8) septic shock patients https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-citrulline-at-nadir-d0-with-other-biological-81egd5z6.png Table 5. Citrulline at nadir (D0) with other biological parameters collected at the same time, and bacterial digestive translocation https://scispace.com/papers/plasma-hydrogen-sulfide-production-capacity-is-positively-2tkwayfj1q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hazard-ratios-of-death-during-follow-up-period-g4u7xpi1.png Figure 2. Hazard ratios of death during follow up period https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plasma-h2s-production-capacity-and-sulfide-levels-2rm5x7bs.png Figure 1. Plasma H2S production capacity and sulfide levels are reduced in patients with vascular disease, with production capacity predicting mortality (A) Plasma H2S production capacity and (B) plasma sulfide measured by the MBB method from human patients suffering vascular occlusive disease (n=115) and healthy age-matched individuals (n=20). Error bars indicate SD; * p<0.05, ***p<0.001. (C) Correlation between H2S production capacity and sulfide measured by the MBB method in vascular disease patients. (D) Probability of survival for vascular disease patients during follow up after intervention with low (n=57) versus high (n=57) H2S production capacity and (E) low and high plasma sulfide measurements. High versus low was determined by median split. P value calculated from log-rank test. https://scispace.com/papers/plasma-marine-n-3-polyunsaturated-fatty-acids-and-32hf537f7h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-relationship-between-plasma-marine-n-3-pufa-levels-2l5rhvnf.png Figure 10. Relationship between plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels and self-reported fatty fish consumption frequency https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-n-3-pufa-and-n-6-pufa-metabolism-pathways-5au2mm6i.png Figure 3. The n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA metabolism pathways. Reprinted with permission from ©InTechOpen 2017. Importance of Fatty Acids in Physiopathology of Human Body Nagy K, Tiuca ID. Published under CC BY 3.0 license. Available from: htpp://dx.doi.org/10.5772/67407 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dose-response-analysis-for-curvilinear-association-2z1yy31k.png Figure 6. Dose-response analysis for curvilinear association between dietary intake of linoleic acid and risk of coronary heart disease deaths. Reprinted with permission from Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.: Circulation; Farvid et al.43 (copyright 2014). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-study-participants-according-to-1dycrtwf.png Table 1. Characteristics of study participants according to quartiles of plasma linoleic acid levels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-flowchart-for-inclusion-of-study-participants-1iv3sovo.png Figure 8. Flowchart for inclusion of study participants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-cubic-spline-models-of-associations-between-plasma-3r4fz3fh.png Figure 11. Cubic spline models of associations between plasma LA levels and cardiovascular risk factors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-associations-between-plasma-ruminant-trans-fatty-3s15h765.png Table 3. Associations between plasma ruminant trans fatty acid levels and cardiovascular risk factors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-associations-between-plasma-linoleic-acid-levels-and-3mtrjvyd.png Table 2. Associations between plasma linoleic acid levels and cardiovascular risk factors. Univariable linear regression analysis Cardiovascular risk factors n Unstd. β-coeff. (95% CI) Std. β-coeff. p R2 HDL cholesterol, mmol/L 3680 0.01 (0.01, 0.02) 0.08 <0.001 0.01 LDL cholesterol, mmol/L 3657 0.05 (0.04, 0.06) 0.14 <0.001 0.02 Triglycerides, mmol/L 3680 -0.04 (-0.05, -0.03) -0.18 <0.001 0.03 Fasting glucose, mmol/L 3675 -0.06 (-0.07, -0.05) -0.18 <0.001 0.03 HbA1c, % 3669 -0.02 (-0.02, -0.01) -0.08 <0.001 0.01 BMI, kg/m2 3683 -0.27 (-0.31, -0.23) -0.18 <0.001 0.03 SBP, mmHg 3679 -0.40 (-0.61, -0.20) -0.06 <0.001 0.004 DBP, mmHg 3679 -0.12 (-0.23, -0.01) -0.04 0.03 0.001 eGFR, ml/min x 1.73m2 3664 -0.21 (-0.34, -0.07) -0.05 0.002 0.002 cIMT, mm 3661 -0.002 (-0.003, -0.001) -0.05 0.002 0.002 CRP, mg/L 3669 -1.01 (-1.02, -1.01) -0.06 <0.001 0.003 Multivariable linear regression analysis Cardiovascular risk factors n Unstd. β-coeff. (95% CI) Std. β-coeff. p R2 HDL cholesterol, mmol/L a 3609 0.0001 (-0.005, 0.005) 0.00 0.98 0.30 LDL cholesterol, mmol/L b 3646 -0.01 (-0.02, -0.002) -0.04 0.02 0.28 Triglycerides, mmol/L c 3609 -0.02 (-0.03, -0.02) -0.10 <0.001 0.19 Fasting glucose, mmol/L d 3605 -0.03 (-0.04, -0.02) -0.10 <0.001 0.36 HbA1c, % e 3599 0.00 (-0.01, 0.01) -0.002 0.90 0.41 BMI, kg/m f 3612 -0.20 (-0.25, -0.15) -0.13 <0.001 0.16 SBP g 3609 -0.25 (-0.47, -0.03) -0.04 0.03 0.03 DBP h 3609 -0.14 (-0.25, -0.02) -0.02 0.02 0.12 eGFR, ml/min x 1.73m2 i 3593 -0.37 (-0.51, -0.23) -0.09 <0.001 0.04 cIMT, mm j 3635 0.000 (-0.001, 0.001) -0.01 0.73 0.07 CRP, mg/L k 3603 -1.01 (-1.02, 1.00) -0.03 0.06 0.07 https://scispace.com/papers/plasma-shape-control-calculations-for-bpx-divertor-design-305w58lt6q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-dependent-values-o-l-ii-linked-ilux-fh-pl-tmii-i-3hsfi63f.png Fig. 2. Time-dependent values o! l;ii linked ilux. fh; pl;tMii;i i/urrcni (ci poloidal bela. and (dj mlcTnr'il inductaruc are from a TS( fiddcr.il discharge calculation and provide input data for the equilibrium modeling of a divcrlor sweep. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-tr-ijcclon-if-he-x-pom-inboard-strike-pomi-isp-and-1pfdoouj.png Fig. 4. The tr.'ijcclon <if [he X-pom{, inboard strike pomi (ISP). and outer strike poml (OSPl during the divcrlor sweep simulation The previous BPX diverlor geometry idashed line) resulted in .'i reduced sueep distance https://scispace.com/papers/plasma-simulation-studies-using-multilevel-physics-models-4jiaj80n07 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-density-contours-showing-an-inboard-side-injected-11d4nlao.png FIG. 6. Density contours showing an inboard-side injected pellet. The p can penetrate deep into the plasma, accompanying a reconnection proc shown on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-left-figure-shows-the-stream-lines-of-the-30382309.png FIG. 3. The left figure shows the stream lines of the incompressible pa the velocity in a nonlinearly saturated TAE mode. The saturation mec nism is found to be wave-particle trapping. The right figure shows the s ration amplitude as a function of the growth rate, and agreement with analytic prediction. https://scispace.com/papers/plasma-wall-interaction-how-atomic-processes-influence-the-rxh81c9mkc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cross-sections-for-charge-exchange-cx-ionization-2kxautmy.png FIGURE 1. Cross sections for charge exchange (CX)), ionization and recombination as a function of electron temperature for hydrogen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-different-length-scales-and-methods-used-for-btzovhrn.png FIGURE 4. The different length scales and methods used for plasma edgemod lling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-contours-of-the-temperatures-and-neutral-sources-as-2aqtnvp0.png FIGURE 2. Contours of the temperatures and neutral sources as calculated with B2-Eirene. The blue sources are ionsisation sources, the red sources are recombination sinks for the plasma. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-radiation-power-pradvol-ne-nimp-as-a-function-of-3gjs202v.png FIGURE 3. Radiation power PradVol·ne·nimp as a function of electron temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/plasmon-controlled-narrower-and-blue-shifted-fluorescence-3si5mf9sl2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-absorption-spectra-of-au-sio2-particles-with-different-39nz6hca.png Fig. 3 Absorption spectra of Au@SiO2 particles with different thickness of silica shell https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-image-of-20-nm-gold-colloids-coated-with-a-silica-18mfwu8g.png Fig. 2 SEM image of 20 nm-gold colloids coated with a silica shell of different thickness: a Au@SiO2-25 nm and b Au@SiO2-80 nm. The inserts show high magnification images of a single particle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ir-spectra-of-a-c253-nhs-b-e25-3-negative-control-2fveb1mw.png Fig. 4 IR spectra of a C253 NHs b E25-3 negative control https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-fluorescence-spectra-of-c25-3-nhs-compared-to-sic-1y7cmrl0.png Fig. 9 Fluorescence spectra of C25-3 NHs compared to SiC reference samples for different excitation wavelengths: 343 nm (a), 458 nm (b) and 488 nm (c). Enhancement factor calculation for two different emission wavelengths (d): kem = 523 nm (squares) and kem = 582 nm (triangles) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tem-image-of-e25-3-a-c25-3-b-and-c25-3-at-higher-2cn3wtc2.png Fig. 5 TEM image of E25-3 (a), C25-3 (b) and C25-3 at higher magnification https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-fluorescence-spectra-of-e25-3-a-and-c25-3-b-nhs-3u4lg4jt.png Fig. 6 Fluorescence spectra of E25-3 (a) and C25-3 (b) NHs compared to reference sample at excitation wavelength of 488 nm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-fluorescence-spectra-of-reference-samples-only-sic-nps-3ku2hhma.png Fig. 7 Fluorescence spectra of reference samples: only SiC NPs and SiO2-SiC NPs at excitation wavelength of 488 nm https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-enhancement-factors-obtained-for-nhs-prepared-by-32jbzo9f.png Table 2 Enhancement factors obtained for NHs prepared by covalent bonding of SiC NPs at excitation wavelength of 488 nm. Measurements were done for different thickness of silica (25, 40, and 80 nm) and at two different wavelengths of fluorescence emission: kem = 523 nm and kem = 582 nm https://scispace.com/papers/plasmid-dna-rna-separation-by-ultrafiltration-modeling-and-2tel6sxf4l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-model-predictions-of-concentration-polarization-of-qjxdq7ct.png Fig. 3. Model predictions of concentration polarization of plasmid pVAX1-LacZ (A) and the different RNA molecules (B–D), expressed as Cm/Cb for 3- and 4-component systems in an Amicon 8010 stirred cell, as a function of the permeate flux, for rp¼5 nm, at a stirring speed of 760 min 1 (12.7 s-1) and [CH3COOK]¼316 mol m 3. T¼298 K. ‘3-component systems’: pDNAþCH3COO þKþ and ‘4-component systems’: pDNAþRNAþCH3COO þKþ (as specified in Section 2.5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-plasmid-dna-recovery-yields-and-rna-removal-bh7moyiw.png Fig. 4. Plasmid DNA recovery yields and RNA removal experimental results compared with the model predictions (theoretical curves, denoted by T) for the filtration process (concentration of the MFP using two different membranes, to VCF¼10). The pore radius of the different membranes are indicated and the stirring speed used in each test. (a) pVAX1-LacZ; rp¼4.8 nm; ω¼100min-1 (b) pVAX1-LacZ; rp¼4.8 nm; ω¼760min-1 (c) pVAX1-LacZ; rp¼25 nm; ω¼100min-1 and (d) pCAMBIA-1303; rp¼4.8 nm; ω¼100min-1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-components-of-the-microfiltration-permeates-and-20vzwcri.png Table 1 Main components of the microfiltration permeates and their relevant properties for modeling purposes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-model-predictions-of-rna-removal-during-the-filtration-2wzzqjpr.png Fig. 5. Model predictions of RNA removal during the filtration process (concentration of the MFP using two different membranes, to VCF¼10) with. The pore radius of the different membranes are indicated and the stirring speed used in each test. (a) RNAþpVAX1-LacZ; rp¼4.8 nm; ω¼100min-1 (1.67 s-1) (b) RNAþpVAX1-LacZ; rp¼4.8 nm; ω¼760min-1 (12.7 s-1) (c) RNAþpVAX1-LacZ; rp¼25 nm; ω¼760min-1 (12.7 s-1) and (d) RNAþpVAX1-LacZ; rp¼25 nm; ω¼760min-1 (12.7 s-1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-model-predictions-of-pdna-sieving-coefficients-for-3-1sywnmp8.png Fig. 1. Model predictions of pDNA sieving coefficients for 3- and 4-component systems purification in an Amicon 8010 stirred cell, as a function of the permeate flux, for different values of pore radius, at a stirring speed of 760 min 1 (12.7 s-1) and [CH3COOK]¼316 mol m 3. T¼298 K. ‘3-component systems’: pDNAþCH3COO þKþ and ‘4- component systems’: pDNAþRNAþCH3COO þKþ (as specified in Section 2.5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-agarose-gel-electrophoresis-analysis-in-the-following-2iys0aa0.png Fig. 6. Agarose gel electrophoresis analysis in the following experiments. Lanes 1–4: MF of lysate from pVAX1-LacZ fermentation followed by UF at 3.7 μm s 1 and ω¼760 min 1 (12.7 s-1) using membrane FS40PP (1-Lysate; 2-MFP; 3-UFC; 4-UFP). Lanes 5–8: MF of lysate from pVAX1-LacZ fermentation followed by UF at 2.4 μm s 1 and ω¼760 min 1 (12.7 s-1) using membrane Biomax 300 (5-Lysate; 6-MFP; 7-UFC; 8-UFP). Lanes 9–12: MF of lysate from pCAMBIA-1303 fermentation followed by UF at 2.4 μm s 1 and ω¼760 min 1 (12.7 s-1) using membrane Biomax 300 (9-Lysate; 10-MFP; 11-UFC; 12-UFP). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-model-predictions-of-rna-sieving-coefficients-for-3-3lkdgh8c.png Fig. 2. Model predictions of RNA sieving coefficients for 3- and 4-component systems in an Amicon 8010 stirred cell, as a function of the permeate flux, for different values of pore radius, at a stirring speed of 760 min 1 (12.7 s-1) and [CH3COOK]¼316 mol m 3. T¼298 K. ‘3-component systems’: pDNAþCH3COO þKþ and ‘4-component systems’: pDNAþRNAþCH3COO þKþ (as specified in Section 2.5). https://scispace.com/papers/plasmonic-gold-embedded-tio2-thin-films-as-photocatalytic-4q013k7vpi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-normalised-uv-vis-absorption-spectra-of-the-2h5jp7b9.png Figure 3. Normalised UV-VIS absorption spectra of the colloidal gold nanoparticle suspensions before (blue curve) and after 5 (red curve) ligand exchange. In the inset, a small red shift of the absorption peak is apparent. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-surface-roughness-relative-to-uncoated-glass-dashed-102az5pp.png Figure 7. Surface roughness relative to uncoated glass (dashed bar, set at 100 %), for commercially available TiO2-based self-12 cleaning glass PilkingtonActiv™ (black bar) and the newly developed coatings with pure titania and with 0.5 wt% stabilised 13 plasmonic Au in titania (grey bars). 14 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-representation-of-the-used-ex-situ-2vwunm21.png Figure 2. Schematic representation of the used ex-situ synthesis procedure (nanoparticle synthesis is separated from sol-gel 14 process) to obtain plasmon modified transparent thin films. 15 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-transparency-relative-to-uncoated-glass-dashed-3cc8w7oo.png Figure 6. a) Transparency relative to uncoated glass (dashed bar, set at 100%), for commercially available TiO2-based self-12 cleaning glass PilkingtonActiv™ (black bar) and the newly developed coatings containing varying stabilised plasmonic Au 13 weight loadings from 0 – 3 wt% (grey bars); b) Photograph of the (half-)coated glass slides. Only the zone underneath the 14 green dashed lines is coated for easy comparison purposes. The photograph is taken by arranging the slides on a paper sheet 15 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-absorption-spectra-of-the-au-modified-thin-films-idpdf2bx.png Figure 5: Absorption spectra of the Au modified thin films with different loadings on glass calcined at 823 K. The dashed 8 vertical line indicates the SPR band maximum at 626 nm. 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-interfacial-area-sn34acsg.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of the interfacial area through which charge transfer between the metallic nanoparticle 13 and semiconductor can take place when (a) the nanoparticle is atop the semiconductor, (b) partially embedded and (c) fully 14 embedded in the TiO2 matrix. 15 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-relative-improvement-of-the-embedded-au-tio2-xxlso32n.png Figure 9. Relative improvement of the embedded Au/TiO2 samples with different loadings with regard to the unmodified thin 2 film under (a) UVA and (b) AM1.5 simulated solar light illumination. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-a-viscosity-spin-coated-at-1500-rpm-and-b-h5b5zm99.png Figure 4. Effect of (a) viscosity (spin-coated at 1500 rpm) and (b) spin-coating speed (viscosity fixed at 4.5 cP) on resulting film 2 thickness for silicon wafers (filled circles) and glass substrates (open circles). 3 https://scispace.com/papers/plasmonic-eigenvalue-problem-for-corners-limiting-absorption-an7o9nfbcs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-sets-s1-a-g1-a-and-s1-a-g1-a-illustrated-for-a-j1id2r4y.png Figure 2: The sets Σ1,α, γ1,α, and Σ̃1,α \ γ1,α illustrated for α = 4π/9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-limit-polarizability-o-11-z-1-z-1-when-g-is-a-24avyat3.png Figure 4: The limit polarizability ω+11(z), −1 ≤ z ≤ 1, when Γ is a unit square. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-limit-polarizability-o-11-z-1-z-1-when-g-is-as-rlnv6fm7.png Figure 3: The limit polarizability ω+11(z), −1 ≤ z ≤ 1, when Γ is as in (3), a droplet-shape with a corner of angle α = 2π/7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-piecewise-c3-curve-g-with-a-corner-24g0bfbl.png Figure 1: A piecewise C3-curve Γ with a corner. https://scispace.com/papers/plasmonically-enhanced-zno-thin-film-photo-transistor-with-1pji99lodw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-dependence-of-overall-enhancement-for-400-600nm-82g9fzr4.png Figure 4 - a) Dependence of overall enhancement for 400-600nm spectrum on the structure parameters, distance (d) and width (w). b) For the optimum structure, spectral absorption enhancement is depicted https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-electric-and-magnetic-field-intensity-profiles-at-3eoxcl2r.png Figure 5 – Electric and magnetic field intensity profiles at the wavelength of highest absorption ehnancement (600nm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-responsivity-of-the-device-is-controlled-by-255ilk32.png Figure 3 - The responsivity of the device is controlled by applying different gate bias voltages. The responsivity for the region below the band-gap is much lower than that of the region above band-gap. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-3-dimensional-depiction-of-the-plasmonically-2q6yqshp.png Figure 1 a) 3-dimensional depiction of the plasmonically enhanced ZnO based photo-transistor device structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-at-0-5v-of-drain-to-source-voltage-vds-contrast-ol979h0e.png Figure 2 – At 0.5V of drain to source voltage (VDS), contrast ratio of about 10 4 and turn on voltage of -2V is observed in drain-source current to gate voltage (IDS-VGS) relation of the fabricated device. https://scispace.com/papers/plasmonic-nanoparticle-aggregates-in-high-intensity-laser-qqxnu6mhxr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-drawing-of-polydisperse-domains-consisting-xhaaoyfv.png Fig. 1 А schematic drawing of polydisperse domains consisting of particles with adlayers. (B)— big and (S)—small particle (longitudinal orientation of domain to the laser field polarization) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparative-kinetics-of-parameters-for-a-polydisperse-3lnuhsgs.png Fig. 4 Comparative kinetics of parameters for a polydisperse dimer (RS=2 nm, RB=8 nm) when exposed to laser pulses (I) τ=20 ps, (II) τ=20 ns. λ=400 nm, Qe: 1—the initial stage, 2—at the pulse end (t=20 ps (I), t=20 ns (II)), 3—t=20 ns (I), t=40 ns (II). The modulus of elasticity is given for the small particle. (III)— dynamic evolution of the extinction spectrum of a polydisperse dimer (r1=2 nm, r2=7 nm): 1—the initial spectrum, 2—2 ps after the pulse beginning (small particles in liquid), 3—20 ps after the pulse beginning (both particles are liquid). (I) I=7.5·108 W/cm2, (II) I=8.3·106 W/cm2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparative-kinetics-of-the-parameters-of-a-7nzbu6fp.png Fig. 5 Comparative kinetics of the parameters of a polydisperse trimer SBS (small—Rs=2 nm, big—Rs=8 nm) when exposed to laser pulses (I) τ=20 ps, (II) τ=20 ns. λ=420 nm. Qe: 1—the initial stage, 2—at the pulse end (t=20 ps (I), t=20 ns (II)), 3—t=20 ns (I), t=40 ns (II). The elasticity modulus is given for the small particle. (I) I=7.5·108 W/ cm2, (II) I=8.3·106 W/cm2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparative-kinetics-of-parameters-for-the-2ypvo9f6.png Fig. 3 Comparative kinetics of parameters for the monodisperse trimer (R=5 nm) when exposed to laser pulses with duration (I) τ=20 ps, (II) τ=20 ns. λ=530 nm. Qe1—starting, 2—at the pulse end (t=20 ps (I), t=20 ns (II)), 3—t=20 ns (I), t=40 ns (II). Elasticity modulus Eel is shown for the central particle. The distance hij in the trimer corresponds to h12 and h23. (I) I=7.5·108 W/cm2, (II) I=8.3·106 W/cm2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparative-kinetics-of-parameters-for-the-2xxs9ops.png Fig. 2 Comparative kinetics of parameters for the monodisperse dimer (R=5 nm) when exposed to laser pulses (I) is τ=20 ps, (II) is τ=20 ns. The laser wavelength is λ=460 nm, Qe: 1 is the start (t=0), 2 is at the pulse end (t=20 ps—(I), t=20 ns—(II)), 3 is t=20 ns (I), t=40 ns (II) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-maximum-ion-temperature-of-monodisperse-particles-1trklgiw.png Fig. 6 The maximum ion temperature of monodisperse particles as a function of the pulse duration in the Ag dimer exposed to a laser pulse with a threshold intensity. The dotted line shows the melting point of the particles (R=5 nm) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-dependence-of-the-threshold-intensity-a-and-the-25vn7lm1.png Fig. 7 The dependence of the threshold intensity (a) and the radiation energy density (b) corresponding to the threshold of static photomodification on the pulse duration https://scispace.com/papers/plasmonic-light-sensitive-skins-of-nanocrystal-monolayers-1k7siob4mh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-voltage-buildup-of-the-ls-ns-devices-based-on-a-191xlvru.png Figure 5. Voltage buildup of the LS-NS devices based on (a) four bilayers of PDDA − PSS and (b) seven bilayers of PDDA − PSS at different excitation wavelengths. In each set, the solid line represents the plasmonic sample (PS) and the dashed line represents the control sample (CS). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-the-photosensitivity-of-ls-ns-devices-vwfwt116.png Figure 6. Comparison of the photosensitivity of LS-NS devices in the absence and presence of plasmonic nanostructures based on (a) four bilayers, (b) seven bilayers, and (c) ten bilayers of PDDA and PSS separating films. Inset figures present the sensitivity enhancement factor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-normalized-extinction-of-the-simulated-silver-1pnm5cn0.png Figure 7. (a) Normalized extinction of the simulated silver nanoparticles with and without the presence of spacing layer. (b) Electric field intensity distribution at the interface of HfO2 film and the silver nanoparticles. (c) Electric field distribution along the interface of the spacing layer and air interface. (d) Cross-sectional 2D electric field intensity distribution along y–z plane. White dashed line coincides with the vertical line of figure 7(c) indicated with red dots. (e) Cross-sectional 2D electric field intensity distribution along x–z plane. White dashed line coincides with the horizontal line of figure 7(c) indicated with blue dots. All the color bars and scale bars are identical for the cross-sectional electric field maps. Scale bars correspond to 200 nm and the color bar represents relative values of electric field intensity ranging from 0 to 2 on a logarithmic scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sem-images-of-four-silver-nanoparticle-film-samples-2do0f33s.png Figure 1. SEM images of four silver nanoparticle film samples with a 10 nm mass thickness deposited on 50 nm thick HfO2 pre-coated substrates, the last three of which were annealed at different temperatures for different durations: (a) not annealed, (b) annealed at 150 ◦C for 2 min, (c) annealed at 300 ◦C for 2 min, and (d) annealed at 300 ◦C for 20 min. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-schematic-illustration-of-a-plasmonic-light-dgyqfn67.png Figure 3. (a) Schematic illustration of a plasmonic light-sensitive nanocrystal skin (LS-NS). (b) Surface plasmon resonance sensitization of Ag nanoparticle and band alignment of CdTe NC (∼3.7 nm in size) conduction band (CB) and valence band (VB), and the workfunction (8) of Al and ITO. Ef demonstrates the Fermi level of CdTe NCs at equilibrium condition. Upon exciton photogeneration (1), electrons tend to remain in the NCs while holes tend to migrate to the Al side (2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-optical-excitation-spectra-of-the-silver-1cx642qk.png Figure 2. (a) Optical excitation spectra of the silver nanoparticle films with a mass thickness of 10 nm deposited at 0.3 Å s−1 evaporation rate annealed at different temperatures for different durations. (b) Optical extinction spectra of a 10 nm thick silver nanoparticle film annealed at 300 ◦C for 20 min covered with 1 nm thick Al2O3, a different number of PDDA and PSS bilayers (as indicated in the legend), and a single monolayer of NCs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-uv-vis-absorption-spectrum-of-aqueous-cdte-ncs-at-2zbklyz2.png Figure 4. UV–vis absorption spectrum of aqueous CdTe NCs at room temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/plasticity-of-human-adipose-derived-stem-cells-relevance-to-47dxpnqk8k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-induction-of-epithelial-and-neural-3enybhdi.png Fig. 4. Effect of induction of epithelial and neural differentiation in paediatric adiposetissue derived stem cell (pADSC) cloned lines as compared to the parental line. (A) RT-qPCR analysis of CK18 expression in 3 pADSC clones epithelially differentiated for 4 weeks. (B) Representative image of expression and cellular localization of ZO-1 in a clone of pADSCs following epithelial differentiation induction (Epith) and in the undifferentiatiate control (Undiff). (C) RT-qPCR analysis of neuronal (NSE) and glial (P0) marker expression in pADSCs after 2 weeks of neural induction. (D) Representative image of NF-200 and MAP2 expression in a neuronally induced clone of pADSCs and in the undifferentiatiate control (undiff). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-in-vivo-and-in-vitro-characteristics-of-mesenchymal-30d4wd3c.png Fig. 1. In vivo and in vitro characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs can be isolated from tissues of both adults and children, as well as from extra-embryonic tissues. They have been extensively studied for their in vitro ability to differentiate towards mesodermal lineages (adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteocytes), and specific protocols to generate cells of non-mesodermal lineages have been developed. In vivo, MSCs’ most studied properties regard hematopoiesis regulation, the self-renewal of bone and cartilage and their potent immunoregulatory properties. The versatility typical of MSCs is being investigated for tissue regeneration purposes, either via their direct differentiation towards tissues to be engineered or by taking advantage of the actions of their secretome. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1uoazzy4.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-expression-of-pluripotent-and-mesenchymal-stem-cell-bj7s3huz.png Fig. 2. Expression of pluripotent and mesenchymal stem cell transcripts in paediatric adipose-tissue derived stem cell (pADSC) parental line and clones as compared to human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Expression was assessed by RT-qPCR. Note that expression of all genes is detected in parental line and clones, though NANOG and OCT4 at much lower levels, and KLF4 and GREM1 at higher levels than in hESCs. *: P<0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-induction-of-adipogenic-chondrogenic-and-29a4xn8b.png Fig. 3. Effect of induction of adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation in three paediatric adipose-tissue derived stem cell (pADSC) cloned lines. Fourteen clones obtained from a single donor were differentiated towards (A) adipogenic, (B) chondrogenic and (C) osteogenic lineages for 21 days and then stained with Oil Red O (adipogenic), Alcian Blue (chondrogenic) and Alizarin Red (osteogenic) and quantified. As controls, cells were kept in non-inducing media for the same time. Mean ± SEM, triplicate biological samples per clone, differentiated samples in colour, controls in black. https://scispace.com/papers/plasticity-of-tree-root-system-structure-in-contrasting-soil-2282zxycug 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-sampled-trees-per-root-system-type-1kz4vyng.png Table 2: Number of sampled trees per root system type according to soil material for each species or genus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-the-four-root-system-structures-all-18wy5lhq.png Figure 3: Distribution of the four root system structures (all species) according to material https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-four-types-of-root-systems-3e48rf77.png Figure 2: The four types of root systems https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relationship-in-bold-lines-between-5a-root-system-3d3ecyt0.png Figure 5: Relationship in bold lines between (5a) root system mean root diameter or (5b) diameter of root system largest root and tree base diameter according to soil material. Thin upper and lower lines = span of observations. Mean and Max root diameter higher in coarse material than in fine material. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relationship-between-root-diameter-decrease-rate-cm-2ye9q5hy.png Figure 6: Relationship between root diameter decrease rate (cm/m) and root proximal diameter (cm) by species all roots together and by material (logarithm scale; -1 = 0.1 cm and 1= 10 cm). No significant differences between species nor between material https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-sites-rivers-and-number-of-trees-per-site-3qhtxdpc.png Figure 1: Study sites (rivers) and number of trees per site https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-or-the-8-study-sites-2ap87g1c.png Table 1 : Characteristics or the 8 study sites https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relationship-in-bold-line-between-root-number-per-3ao80g5j.png Figure 4: Relationship in bold line between root number per root system and tree base diameter according to soil material. Thin upper and lower lines = span of observations. Root number higher in fine material than in coarse material. https://scispace.com/papers/platelet-rich-plasma-provides-nucleus-for-mineralization-in-404apeuxt0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-course-effects-of-prp-on-the-osteoblatic-marker-2ka8cy5w.png FIG. 1. Time-course effects of PRP on the osteoblatic marker mRNAs in rat PDL cell cultures. Cells were continuously treated for 1, 7, or 20 d with 0.5% PRP in 2% FBScontaining aMEM in the presence of Dex, ascorbate, and b-GP in PC-coated wells, and mRNAs were then extracted for reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, as described in Materials and Methods. Control cells were cultured in noncoated wells. Each column and vertical bar represents the mean and SD, respectively, from three independent experiments. aP , 0.02, bP , 0.005 versus the control cultures. The inserts represent the typical data from these experiments. Dex, Dexamethazone; FBS, fetal bovine serum; PDL, periodontal ligament; PRP, platelet-rich plasma; mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid; aMEM, a-minimum essential medium; b-GP, b-glycerophosphate; ND, not determined. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tem-images-of-undecalcified-control-cultures-on-day-25-gmeuhbh6.png FIG. 4. TEM images of undecalcified control cultures on day-25. Control human PDL cells were cultured for 25 d on noncoated coverslips in medium lacking Dex. Cells were surrounded by fibrous materials. No electron dense deposit indicative of matrix mineralization was discernible. Panels B and C are higher magnified images of extracellular fibrous (B, asterisk) and amorphous (C, double asterisk) matrices adjacent to the human PDL cells. Note no mineralized nodules with electron dense profile in both fibrous and amorphous extracellular materials. Original magnification: A, 32400; B, 317 700; C, 38900. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tem-images-of-undecalcified-experimental-cultures-on-4f0kpy5d.png FIG. 3. TEM images of undecalcified experimental cultures on day-25. Human PDL cells were treated for 25 d with 0.5% PRP in PC-coated coverslips in medium lacking Dex. Panels C and D are higher magnified images of panels A and B, respectively. Some debris of platelets (an arrow) close to the human PDL cells included electron granules (A), and the other platelets were broadly mineralized (B, arrowhead). When observing at a higher magnification of panel A, mineralized nodules (arrows) were scattered throughout the platelet (C). The platelets seen in the panel B consisted of numerous mineralized spicules (D). Original magnification: A, 32700; B, 32500; C, 350 000; D, 369 600. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effects-of-prp-on-in-vitro-mineralization-in-rat-pdl-3j9vi97z.png FIG. 2. Effects of PRP on in vitro mineralization in rat PDL cell cultures. Cells were treated with 0.5% PRP in noncoated or PCcoated wells for 20 d, fixed with neutralized formalin, and stained with AR-S, as described in Materials and Methods. Control cells were also cultured in noncoated or PC-coated wells. The AR-S–positive deposits were photographed (A) or extracted for spectrophotometrical assay (B). (A) All experiments were repeated three times with similar results, and the results shown here are representative for all these data. Bar represents 200 mm. (B) Each column and vertical bar represents the mean and SD, respectively, from three independent experiments. aP , 0.05, bP , 0.01 versus the control cultures. cP , 0.01 versus the cultures with coated-PC alone. AR-S, alizarin red–S; PRP, platelet-rich plasma. https://scispace.com/papers/platform-competition-market-structure-and-pricing-51fg4hm5tj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-no-outside-option-low-sigma-0-5-3o4gefrc.png Table 3: No outside option; low sigma = 0:5: https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-no-outside-option-large-1-3q2ll5p9.png Table 4: No outside option; large = 1: https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-outside-option-with-p0-8c-large-1-3r3uxl3g.png Table 2: Outside option with p0 = 8c; large = 1: https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-outside-option-such-that-p0-3c-low-0-5-oipra6tp.png Table 1: Outside option such that p0 = 3c; low = 0:5. https://scispace.com/papers/platform-driven-development-of-product-families-linking-4wf88974qp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-platform-driven-development-within-sdi-1fbtxd55.png Figure 3: Platform driven development within SDI. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-platform-based-development-of-a-product-family-hthxxv7j.png Figure 1: Platform-based development of a product family within ASML. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reasons-to-shift-to-a-product-family-development-f0b886e5.png Table 2: Reasons to shift to a product family development approach. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-perceived-risks-related-to-product-family-1rty3nh4.png Table 3: Perceived risks related to product family development. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-developing-product-families-within-skil-2cm9zxzf.png Figure 2: Developing product families within Skil. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-three-companies-involved-in-ph2xon56.png Table 1: Characteristics of the three companies involved in the field study. https://scispace.com/papers/platinum-anti-cancer-drugs-free-radical-mechanism-of-pt-dna-46bukkm90b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structure-of-guaninept-nh3-2cl2-radical-anion-2wajkg15.png Figure 2. Structure of {GuaninePt(NH3)2Cl2•} - radical anion formed by electron attachment to transient guanine-cisplatin complex showing elongated Pt-Cl bond https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-transient-guanine-cisplatin-complex-24bk6l89.png Figure 1. Structure of transient guanine-cisplatin complex {GuaninePt(NH3)2Cl2} https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-electron-transfer-properties-of-pt-drugs-and-guanine-1ho01amd.png Table 1. Electron transfer properties of Pt drugs and Guanine compounds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structure-of-guaninept-nh3-2cl2-radical-anion-zqx1ov9j.png Figure 2. Structure of {GuaninePt(NH3)2Cl2•} - radical anion formed by electron attachment to transient guanine-cisplatin complex showing elongated Pt-Cl bond https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-transient-guanine-cisplatin-complex-1sf5p0h4.png Figure 1. Structure of transient guanine-cisplatin complex {GuaninePt(NH3)2Cl2} https://scispace.com/papers/platinum-and-palladium-on-carbon-nanotubes-experimental-and-1vr5639p9m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-high-resolution-transmission-electron-micrographs-1w1aqpya.png Figure 1. High resolution transmission electron micrographs of (a) Pd and (b) Pt on oxygen plasma-treated carbon nanotubes. (Scale bar corresponds to 10 nm). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calculated-binding-energy-ev-and-mulliken-charges-e-calg8jy4.png Table 1 Calculated binding energy (eV) and Mulliken charges (e) of Pd and Pt atom on pristine and defective graphene sheets (Vac = carbon vacancy). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-between-the-normalised-a-pd3d-peak-of-pd-1mvrd4h1.png Figure 5. Comparison between the normalised (a) Pd3d peak of Pd-decorated pristine and fo-CNTs (b) Pt4f peak of Pt-decorated pristine and fo-CNTs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-four-pd-metal-atoms-on-the-carbon-surface-in-two-j6d4ljvu.png Figure 4. Four Pd metal atoms on the carbon surface in two different configurations: (a) flat parallelogram parallel to the carbon surface, (b) in a tetrahedral ‘nanoparticle’. Structure (b) is 0.25 eV more stable showing preference for Pd clustering rather than surface wetting. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optimised-structures-for-1-a-pd-and-2-a-pt-metal-3rmv1bf0.png Figure 3. Optimised structures for (1) a Pd and (2) a Pt metal atom on (a) pristine graphene, (b) a vacancy site, (c) an oxygenated vacancy site (vac-O2). Bond lengths given in Å. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-between-the-normalised-c1s-peak-of-a-2bzv0nkc.png Figure 2. Comparison between the normalised C1s peak of (a) pristine CNTs and Pt-decorated (b) fo-CNTs and Pt-decorated fo-CNTs (c) pristine CNTs and Pd-decorated CNTs and (d) fo-CNTs and evaporated Pd on fo-CNTs. The metal was evaporated simultaneously on pristine CNTs and fo-CNTs; the ratio between the area under the Pt4f7/2 (Pd 3d5/2) peak (not shown here) and the area under the C1s peak for both samples was 1.7 (0.03). https://scispace.com/papers/platoon-based-cooperative-driving-model-with-consideration-1a35j39x3b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-intra-platoon-performance-in-continuous-small-2lupc169.png Figure 7: Intra-platoon performance in continuous small perturbation traffic scenario with forward topology https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-802-11p-parameter-setting-3ux3u9nj.png Table 1: 802.11p Parameter Setting https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-inter-platoon-performance-in-single-large-i56s3xz3.png Figure 8: Inter-platoon performance in single large perturbation scenario with forward topology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-intra-platoon-performance-in-initial-phase-scenario-3mzgot1r.png Figure 3: Intra-platoon performance in initial-phase scenario with general topology and platoon size of 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-impact-of-measurement-errors-on-the-system-3j0nax80.png Figure 11: Impact of measurement errors on the system performance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-probability-of-successful-beacon-dissemination-with-1j80k58p.png Figure 2: Probability of successful beacon dissemination with respect to number of vehicles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-intra-platoon-performance-in-initial-phase-scenario-2thrhfoz.png Figure 4: Intra-platoon performance in initial-phase scenario with general topology and platoon size of 16 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-inter-platoon-performance-in-continuous-small-1k5q5zph.png Figure 9: Inter-platoon performance in continuous small perturbations scenario with forward topology https://scispace.com/papers/plausible-clocks-with-bounded-inaccuracy-1jrxeo2e39 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-join-on-operator-2ih1yhhf.png Fig. 4. The join ( on ) operator https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-time-stamp-a-and-a-time-tag-b-in-a-system-with-6-3pdifxcu.png Fig. 2. A time stamp (a) and a time tag (b) in a system with 6 processes. Imprecise entries in a time tag share a common interval https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-examples-of-time-interval-comparison-31in7kp7.png Fig. 1. Examples of time interval comparison https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sample-executions-illustrating-stamp-and-tag-wci60nfm.png Fig. 3. Sample executions illustrating stamp and tag https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-performance-comparison-with-other-plausible-clocks-14cq4v4k.png Fig. 5. Performance comparison with other plausible clocks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-actual-observed-inaccuracy-compared-to-upper-bound-3mg6liac.png Fig. 6. Actual observed inaccuracy compared to upper bound https://scispace.com/papers/play-it-again-sam-teaching-transferable-skills-through-210yaa7s2i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simple-and-complex-simulations-juxtaposed-3tmm9ell.png Table 1: Simple and complex simulations juxtaposed https://scispace.com/papers/player-conceptualizations-of-creativity-in-digital-7u5d8q52pq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-narrative-frames-7o13x94c.png Table 2: Narrative Frames https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-player-conceptualizations-of-creativity-theme-gzxor4oj.png Table 3. Player Conceptualizations of Creativity Theme Descriptors https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-interview-questions-u6t14ayp.png Table 1: Interview Questions https://scispace.com/papers/player-detection-in-field-sports-4k9usg5htb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-morphological-operation-and-the-proposed-1d3jwrr4.png Fig. 3 Comparison of morphological operation and the proposed diffusion for shape estimation. (a) Samples, (b) Binary edges, (c) Binary object image after morphological operations, (c) Shape-information image after the proposed diffusion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-top-five-samples-are-for-players-and-the-bottom-five-1qcge82c.png Fig. 2 (a) Top five samples are for players and the bottom five samples are for non-players. (b) Binary edges (c) Shapeinformation image. (d) The color-mapped shape-information image. (d) The polar transform image (e) The color-mapped polar transform image (f) The Fourier magnitude image. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-presision-values-p-for-each-camera-dataset-j3pj3ww0.png Table 1 Average presision values (P) for each camera dataset (with and without hard negative mining (HNM)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-precision-recall-curves-comparison-with-the-other-kh3gs6x5.png Fig. 7 (a) Precision-Recall curves comparison with the other shape proposals (left - without hard negative mining, right - with hard negative mining): (a) Camera #1 dataset, (b) Camera #2 dataset and (c) Camera #3 dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-number-of-correct-detections-and-detection-rates-r-2aty5lap.png Table 4 Number of correct detections and detection rates (R%) of the methods in occlusion cases when the overlap measure is greater than 0.25. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-number-of-correct-detections-and-detection-rates-r-19p15bjr.png Table 5 Number of correct detections and detection rates (R%) of the methods in occlusion cases when the overlap measure is greater than 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-graphical-illustration-of-the-p-r-and-f-of-the-methods-7nhf6r9b.png Fig. 9 Graphical illustration of the P%, R% and F% of the methods for the overlap measure is greater than 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-behaviour-of-the-proposed-diffusion-in-the-27k6g8pn.png Fig. 4 The behaviour of the proposed diffusion in the presence of field lines in the background. (a) Samples, (b) Binary edges, (c) Shape-information image after the proposed diffusion. https://scispace.com/papers/playing-air-instruments-mimicry-of-sound-producing-gestures-51b2mvutq8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correspondences-of-observable-air-playing-gestures-2f458fpt.png Table 1. Correspondences of observable air playing gestures by all subjects (A–E), on a scale from 0–3, where 3 is good correspondence with the music. See text for details https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-output-of-a-patch-made-for-storing-an-image-every-time-7786xon5.png Fig. 1. Output of a patch made for storing an image every time the change in quantity of motion goes above a certain threshold. The original video stream and quantity of motion images in the top row, and the last four saved images below https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-output-of-a-patch-made-for-comparative-analysis-of-2le1kfhs.png Fig. 3. Output of a patch made for comparative analysis of three separate air piano performances, showing a novice, semi-expert and expert performer from left to right. The quantity of motion images with bounding boxes, are very useful when the movements are so subtle that they are difficult to see in the original video https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-novice-performer-playing-upward-scales-in-the-scriabin-1erndk79.png Fig. 2. Novice performer playing upward scales in the Scriabin excerpt. Although quite approximate, this example shows that there is a relatively good pitch-space to imagined keyboard correspondence (sequence running left to right, top row to bottom row) https://scispace.com/papers/ple-pln-for-language-learning-and-teaching-a-case-study-32frdi4gy1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-an-example-of-a-participants-ple-pln-3duqjv87.png Fig. 7. An example of a participant’s PLE & PLN https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-educators-pln-2sagsig7.png Fig. 3. The Educator’s PLN https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-session-learning-environment-lpox9s49.png Fig. 5. The Session Learning Environment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-marisa-constantinides-and-graham-stanleys-webinar-1n6n26ny.png Fig. 6. Marisa Constantinides and Graham Stanley’s webinar https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-role-of-a-teacher-in-personal-learning-2f2uwi9q.png Fig. 1. The role of a teacher in Personal Learning Environment4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tapped-in-1t5pykq5.png Fig. 4. Tapped In https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-participants-130x4x09.png Fig. 2. The participants https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-collaborative-glossary-on-the-wiki-2nzovu1z.png Fig. 8. The collaborative glossary on the wiki https://scispace.com/papers/please-call-again-correcting-nonresponse-bias-in-treatment-116fic90b1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-population-sizes-2xj0e40v.png Table 1: Population sizes https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-program-impact-on-exit-from-unemployment-records-3lp9l5j0.png Table 5: Program impact on exit from unemployment records with corrections for sample selection https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-impact-of-assignment-on-response-to-phone-survey-18kive6v.png Table 4: Impact of assignment on response to phone survey https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-exit-from-the-unemployment-registers-depending-on-3c4od8du.png Table 3: Exit from the unemployment registers depending on the response status in the phone survey https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-program-impact-on-exit-from-the-unemployment-24pycgtd.png Table 2: Program impact on exit from the unemployment registers without correcting for sample selection https://scispace.com/papers/pleiotropic-mechanisms-of-action-of-perhexiline-in-heart-3gcsis9tye 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-endogenous-inhibition-of-cpt11-by-malonyl1coa-33zkag1m.png Figure 1. Endogenous inhibition of CPT11 by malonyl1CoA https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chemical-names-structures-and-logp-values-of-ca2-1-383gh5zt.png Table 2. Chemical names, structures and logP values of Ca2+1, Na+1, K+1channel and CPT inhibitors. https://scispace.com/papers/pleistocene-archaeology-and-chronology-of-putslaagte-8-pl8-2fqbd7bfby 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-faunal-remains-from-pl8-by-grouped-spit-the-2r1g3mxz.png Table 1. The faunal remains from PL8, by grouped spit. The Number of Identifiable Specimens (NISP) is presented first, followed by the Minimum Number of Individuals (MNI) that the identified specimens could represent. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dose-rate-data-de-values-and-osl-ages-for-8-sediment-3l6w8xys.png Table 3. Dose rate data, De values and OSL ages for 8 sediment samples from Putslaagte 8 in depth order. The total dose rate includes an allowance of 0.032 ± 0.011 Gy/ka for the internal dose rate. The grey bands indicate the De values and ages for each sample when all grains are included in the estimate of age. The ages in bold and italics are the ages thought to be best representative of the archaeological signatures present in the excavated spits. For those samples where there is no dominant De or age component, two ages are presented. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-breakdown-of-excavation-layers-at-pl8-into-culture-1gv766tr.png Table 5. Breakdown of excavation layers at PL8 into culture historic groupings. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-list-of-all-ams-ages-for-pl8-including-calibrated-iryoyh75.png Table 4. List of all AMS ages for PL8, including calibrated and uncalibrated values at 2 σ. https://scispace.com/papers/pleistocene-holocene-tectonic-reconstruction-of-the-ballik-eip3nslbxw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-conclusive-cartoon-not-to-scale-illustrating-the-v8ftmfc5.png Figure 14: Conclusive cartoon (not to scale) illustrating the sedimentological and tectonic evolution of the Ballık travertine. A) Early Pleistocene subhorizontal travertine development on top of Neogene basement sediments/rocks. B) Alluvial system covering the travertine with marly and clayey sediments sourced from the mountain range north of the Ballık area. C) Normal faulting and uplift of the Taşkestik (T.-K) Tepe simultaneously with development of the Killik travertine dome. D) Kömürcuoğlu travertine development, sourced by the NNE-SSW-trending Baklan margin fault. Baklan Graben and the DGHS in ENE-WSW extension. Normal faults in the Ballık area are reactivated into strike-slip with Ballık area acting as transfer zone. E) Collapse of the Ballık area with further opening and infill of normal faults. Active travertine precipitation is occurring further basin-inwards e.g. at Koçabas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-fault-map-basemap-c-google-earth-and-fault-fracture-3k8gomi5.png Figure 8: Fault map (basemap © Google Earth) and fault/fracture kinematic analysis (stereoplots) of Karakurt, Stone Terroir, Reisoğlu and Özaş quarries. A-A’) Cross-section through Karakurt (B) and Reisoğlu quarries. In the NE part of Karakurt, a sinistral (transtensional) strike-slip fault with horizontal striae is present. C-C’) Structure of Stone Terroir quarry. Large normal fault at the SW edge. D) Slope deposits covering the hangingwall. E) Marly-sandstone sequence covering the Karakurt-Stone Terroir and the Özaş-Reisoğlu travertine bodies. F-F’) A wide SW-dipping normal fault zone with more than 20 m displacement cuts the NNEdipping Özaş travertine mass. A 0.5 m-thick paleosol (G) and the marly-sandstone cover are displaced over 20 m by this fault. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-fault-scarp-of-the-western-tip-of-the-duzcali-1m39272k.png Figure 3: A) Fault scarp of the western tip of the Düzçalı fault observed in an abandoned quarry in the WBallık area. Subhorizontal strike-slip slickenlines (L280/16) overprint steeply-plunging (L285/74) slickenlines. The right stereoplot displays fault and slickenline orientation. The left stereoplot illustrates all observations (including also data from Koçyiğit, 2005) of the Düzçalı fault in the Ballık area. B) W-dipping tilted Oligocene deposits in the Acıdere valley in the footwall of the Acıdere fault, Ҫökelezdağ Horst. C) N-S trending, E-facing normal fault affecting Oligocene sandstone and mudstone in the Acıdere valley. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fault-map-basemap-c-google-earth-and-fault-fracture-1yn69e56.png Figure 7: Fault map (basemap © Google Earth) and fault/fracture kinematic analysis (stereoplots) of the Abandoned quarries on Kepez Tepe and Taşkestik Tepe. C-C’) Normal faulting through the travertine on Kepez Tepe. Note the change in bedding orientation due to activity along the SSW-most normal fault (A) and the NNEdipping bedding in Ab1 (B). D-E) Dissolution-enlarged and clay-filled fracture cutting the travertine but arresting on the gravel-travertine contact. H-H’) Graben-facing normal faulting affecting the travertine on Taşkestik Tepe. I) Subparallel faults displacing a thick travertine-intercalating gravel layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-fault-map-basemap-c-google-earth-and-kinematic-282o2mo3.png Figure 6: Fault map (basemap © Google Earth) and kinematic analysis (stereoplots) of normal faults observed in the Pamukkale and Gama quarries (NE Ballık area). A-A’) Travertine is cut by normal faults. B) Overview of the Pamukkale quarry and minor normal faults. C-D) Two normal faults cut the southern edge of the Pamukkale-Gama travertine dome. Note the abrupt change of travertine into slope deposits or marls. E) Complex fault with several deformation and infill phases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ballik-fault-map-grey-areas-outline-the-studied-1lie6mwm.png Figure 2: Ballık fault map. Grey areas outline the studied quarries and excavation fronts in 2013 (basemap © Google Earth). Coordinates are in UTM 35S. Eye altitude of satellite image is 5.07 km. The Düzçalı fault segments and the large normal faults bordering the travertine excavation area are derived from geomorphology and after Koçyiğit (2005). Topographic isohypses are taken from the 1:25 000 Denizli M22-B1-B4 topographic maps (1989) illustrating the original topography before excavation of the northern flank. White dots = quarries; Ab = Abandoned quarry; K.M. (F.Z.) = Küçükmalıdağ (Fault Zone). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-location-of-the-denizli-graben-host-system-dghs-3s7mgit0.png Figure 1: A) Location of the Denizli Graben-Host System (DGHS) in Turkey. NAFZ: North Anatolian Fault Zone, EAFZ: East Anatolian Fault Zone. B) Sedimentary basins in the West Anatolian Extensional Province. BM = Büyük Menderes Graben; KM: Küçük Menderes Graben. C) Fault map of the eastern DGHS. Faults are derived from geomorphology and from Koçyiğit (2005). The Ballık study area is located along the northern graben flank in the eastern part of the DGHS. Minor faults drawn in the Ballık area are discussed in this study. Location of the M5.7 13 June 1965 earthquake is taken from Westaway (1993), other earthquakes are taken from the USGS Earthquake catalogue. K.M.: Küyükmalı Mountain; E.F.: Elmalı fault. B.F.Z.: Babadağ Fault Zone. Map coordinates are in UTM 35S, WGS 84. Basemap © Google Earth TM . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-fault-map-basemap-c-google-earth-and-fault-3489plc3.png Figure 10: Fault map (basemap © Google Earth) and fault/fracture kinematic analysis (stereoplots) of the Cinkaya, Best, Faber W, Tetik and Özçinar quarries (NW lower Ballık area). A) NW-SE to WNW-ESE strikeslip faults in Best. B-B') Cross-section through the shear zone in Best. C) Fault core. D-F) Disrupted muddy fault infill, successions of thin, brittle rafts and cementation/precipitation along the fault wall. Striated polished nodular-shaped fault wall in E. G-H) Open faults with infill of travertine blocks. I-I') Düzçalı fault to Tetik quarry cross-section showing NNE-dipping travertine in Cinkaya and subhorizontal facies in Faber W and Tetik. J) The marl-conglomerate layer (also discussed in Claes et al., 2015) starts from a cliff (L) and covers the travertine of Faber W and Tetik. K) Travertine blocks floating in a muddy matrix. M-N) Strike-slip faults in Tetik and Faber W. continue through the marl-conglomerate layer cover. https://scispace.com/papers/pleistocene-periglacial-imprinting-on-polygenetic-soils-and-15dqioedfi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-properties-used-for-the-calculation-of-the-modified-29s4qxcb.png Table 3: properties used for the calculation of the Modified PDI inde1 for each horizon type. Aspecific properties, derived from aspecific processes, 822 where used for all types of genetic horizons, while other specific ones were used only for corresponding genetic horizons. 823 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cryogenic-structures-and-indicators-in-studied-soils-169a161d.png Table 4: cryogenic structures and indicators in studied soils. 826 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-pdi-inde1-values-of-the-considered-soil-profiles-29n4t785.png Table 5: PDI inde1 values of the considered soil profiles compared to common soils (*) (Catoni et al., 2016) and paleosols (**) (D’Amico et al., 828 2015) observed in the study area. 829 https://scispace.com/papers/pleurorhizoxylon-yixingense-gen-et-sp-nov-a-euphyllophyte-4vloe9geql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-comparisons-of-the-secondary-xylem-of-26fji2nn.png Table 3 1 Comparisons of the secondary xylem of Pleurorhizoxylon gen. nov., with Yiduxylon, fernlike plants & sphenophylls. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-comparisons-on-the-primary-xylem-of-2vhotcxc.png Table 2 1 Comparisons on the primary xylem of Pleurorhizoxylon gen. nov. with Yiduxylon, iridopterids and sphenophylls. 2 https://scispace.com/papers/plug-and-play-your-robot-into-your-smart-home-illustration-2zghnle98n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimenthaal-living-lab-map-of-the-apartment-and-aqkjc4f2.png Fig. 2: Experiment’HAAL living lab : map of the apartment and pictures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-functional-architecture-of-xaal-2f9oejqm.png Fig. 3: Functional Architecture of xAAL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-state-graph-for-the-proposed-scenario-of-assistance-in-jazwsv98.png Fig. 5: State graph for the proposed scenario of assistance in the case of fall. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-architecture-of-the-system-based-on-xaal-and-ros-2ijg3dsa.png Fig. 4: Architecture of the system based on xAAL and ROS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-assistance-in-the-case-of-fall-relevance-of-the-qlu95xiq.png Fig. 1: Assistance in the case of fall: relevance of the interoperability of home automation devices and robots https://scispace.com/papers/plk1-inhibition-selectively-kills-arid1a-deficient-cells-1uyc1syj9d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-arid1a-loss-does-not-affect-cell-cycle-profiles-ddr-2i2gb52b.png Fig. 2: ARID1A loss does not affect cell cycle profiles, DDR activation and PLK1 levels after PLK1 inhibition https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-plk1-inhibition-differentially-affects-the-3bxmfaku.png Fig. 6: PLK1 inhibition differentially affects the mitochondria of ARID1A KO cells https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-arid1a-ko-cells-have-a-grossly-abnormal-mitochondrial-6p0n52r9.png Fig 4: ARID1A KO cells have a grossly abnormal mitochondrial phenotype https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-2s2su8sy.png Fig. 7 (a) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plk1-localises-to-the-mitochondria-2gw2zlmc.png Fig. 5: PLK1 localises to the mitochondria https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-genome-wide-crispr-screen-reveals-that-the-do0ujn0n.png Fig. 3: A genome-wide CRISPR screen reveals that the mitochondrial translation network is a critical determinant of Volasertib induced cell death in ARID1A KO cells https://scispace.com/papers/pll-based-time-synchronization-in-wireless-sensor-networks-4o84dy52um 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-late-clk-timing-sio3ao4t.png Fig. 2. Late CLK Timing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-robustness-to-loss-of-lock-dqwpodtr.png Fig. 12. Robustness to loss of lock. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-modified-pll-model-1lh5uo4p.png Fig. 1. Modified PLL Model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-early-clk-timing-2a17kfpl.png Fig. 3. Early CLK Timing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-late-detector-2svpoqth.png Fig. 4. Late Detector https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-late-clk-signals-2fa1v19l.png Fig. 5. Late CLK Signals https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-early-detector-3njnmlgi.png Fig. 6. Early Detector https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-pll-with-vcxo-h2g3dqfd.png Fig. 8. PLL with VCXO https://scispace.com/papers/pluggable-abstract-domains-for-analyzing-embedded-software-1pq3h4xorc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-parity-lattice-vtyfmiqh.png Figure 6. The parity lattice https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-two-bit-unsigned-interval-lattice-k3mrjvtu.png Figure 8. The two-bit unsigned interval lattice https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-an-example-lattice-for-the-value-set-domain-the-35o81h7b.png Figure 5. An example lattice for the value-set domain. The concrete domain in this example is limited to the integers from zero to three https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-two-bit-bitwise-lattice-29wors7q.png Figure 7. The two-bit bitwise lattice https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conditional-constant-propagation-is-an-analysis-9rwak4sy.png Figure 1. Conditional constant propagation is an analysis combining the constant propagation lattice (left) with the unreachable code elimination lattice (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ccp-finds-line-7-to-be-dead-and-x-to-be-constant-3v7s1b0k.png Figure 2. CCP finds line 7 to be dead and x to be constant, but iterating CP and DCE does not find either https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-different-abstract-domains-compute-different-3sx4hxqt.png Figure 11. Different abstract domains compute different information about the test programs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-time-in-seconds-for-analysis-to-complete-for-some-3mg1gkpp.png Figure 13. Time in seconds for analysis to complete for some benchmarks https://scispace.com/papers/plume-dynamics-structure-the-spatiotemporal-activity-of-qv69rq1hmw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-glomerular-population-activity-follows-odor-3dan3f0k.png Figure 5. Glomerular population activity follows odor concentration dynamics across plume encounters. a) (left) The cross-correlation between the deconvolved ethanol trace and each glomerulus’s deconvolved activity trace is calculated within each trial and then averaged across trials. Each row is a glomeruli and each time point represents the cross-correlation at the indicated lag. Glomeruli are sorted in order of decreasing magnitude of correlation coefficient (see methods). (right) Same but glomerular responses are trial shuffled so that the signals compared are not from the same trial. Glomeruli are sorted to match their corresponding unshuffled cross-correlation in the right panel. b) Scatterplot of the correlation coefficient of all glomeruli compared to their respective shuffled coefficient. Glomeruli plotted in (a) are marked in black and their coefficient exceeds their shuffled coefficient from a single trial shuffled comparison by 2 standard deviations. c) Cumulative scores for each glomerulus is the sum of their correlation coefficients calculated within low and high flow conditions. The cumulative correlation plot shows variation in a glomerulus’s ability to detect changes in odor concentration dynamics varies significantly between conditions (t(110) = 12.81, p < 0.001), with most glomeruli having stronger correlation coefficients in high flow trials (*indicates glomeruli plotted in (a)). d) Binary cross-correlation. Top: Simultaneously recorded signals shown for two example glomeruli responding to the same example trial’s odor plume. Odor and glomerular activity traces plotted with their respective thresholds (dotted, odor threshold: mean during plume presentation, neural threshold: ±2 st dev of baseline). Bottom: Resulting binarized traces plotted for each trial illustrate the magnitude of concurrent activity as events (stars) between the plume and the response of each glomerulus across the experimental session. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-spatial-and-temporal-decomposition-of-cnmf-180vfhcm.png Figure 4. The spatial and temporal decomposition of CNMF identifies glomeruli and denoises their traces. a) The white box outlines the FOV used for analysis as it relates to the larger recording window. The image shows the standard deviation projection of the aligned recording during a single odor presentation. b) Mean subtracted maximum projection of the same trial overlaid with ROIs from CNMF spatial decomposition shows segmentation of glomeruli for a single FOV using CNMF spatial decomposition. The spatial decomposition of the FOV results in 26 glomeruli (4 dropped units after merge analysis not pictured) as outlined and numbered. c) Shows the mean traces of each glomerulus’s CNMF temporal decomposition within each flow condition (left to right : low, medium, high). Trials sorted by magnitude of normalized mean response during odor exposure. d) The deconvolved CNMF response of a single glomerulus (pink fill) to all low (grey) and high (black) flow trials across the recording sessions shows glomerular responses vary with the unique odor concentration dynamics of each plume. e) Deconvolution increases temporal accuracy of glomerular responses as shown by the mean deconvolved traces of the corresponding glomeruli depicted in (c). f) Sum of mean responses calculated within each flow condition. Mean responses (deconvolved) vary significantly between conditions (t(110) = 11.43, p < 0.001). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-in-vivo-recording-of-glomerular-population-response-30ixc2mc.png Figure 2. In-vivo recording of glomerular population response. a) In vitro image of MT cell activity in response to K+ puff. b) In vivo view of the dorsal olfactory bulb through an implanted cranial window. (left) Window activity averaged across a single trial. (right) Projected standard deviation for the same trial shows MT activity in the dorsal OB responsive to the odor presentation. c) Diagram depicting flow conditions (high, medium, or low) of the 40 trials within a single session. d) The deconvolved ethanol trace (blue) compared to the deconvolved response of each glomeruli (black) within the recorded FOV during a single low flow trial depicted by asterisk in (c). Red arrows indicate onset and offset of plume presentation. e) Same but for a single high flow trial from the same session also depicted by asterisk in (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-glomeruli-that-respond-more-reliably-to-plumes-are-363zao90.png Figure 7. Glomeruli that respond more reliably to plumes are more correlated with their dynamics. a) The cumulative responsivity is the sum of the responsivity scores calculated within each flow condition. Glomeruli are sorted by decreasing average correlation with plume dynamics. Glomeruli whose correlation coefficient exceeds its null confidence interval (see methods) are plotted in blue hues and the remainder of the glomeruli are plotted in grey hues. This shows the magnitude of odor concentration tracking is correlated with (r = 0.76, p < .001), but not strictly defined by, response reliability as glomeruli exist that respond strongly to odor presence but not to concentration dynamics. b) Within flow condition, repsonsivity is plotted against correlation with odor dynamics for each glomerulus (circles) and for the population average across all glomeruli (dots). Across glomeruli, responsivity is positively correlated with tracking ability as illustrated by the lines of best fit. For each glomerulus, their relative responsivity decreases significantly during high flow (dark blue) as compared to low flow (light blue) (t(110) = 12.1263, p < 0.0001). To represent the population response, the average responsivity across all glomeruli is plotted against average correlation with plume dynamics (dots) within both conditions illustrating how flow moderates these relationships. For a given glomerulus, higher flow predicts a decrease in its relative responsivity level (t(110) = 12.1263, p < 0.0001) and an increase in its relative tracking ability. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-population-response-of-mt-cells-in-dorsal-ob-kd22100q.png Figure 3. Population response of MT cells in dorsal OB respond to changes in odor concentration during plume presentations. a) Simultaneously recorded deconvolved ethanol plume (top) and imaging of calcium signals from MT cell activity in an example FOV of a Thy1GCaMP6f (GP5.11) mouse (bottom). Baseline and odorless periods (black) and odor plume input (red) are shown from the indicated time points. Fluctuations in the odor plume elicit repeatable activation of specific glomerular networks in response to whiffs of odor during plume presentations. b) (left) An image of the principal component loadings corresponding to the odor-evoked activity (principal component 2 (PC2)). (right) Time series of PC2 (top, red) aligned to the simultaneous ethanol signal (bottom, black). Scale bar indicates 2 seconds. c) Cross-correlogram between the two signals in (b). Red line indicates a slight offset (∼ 250 ms mean lag across FOVs from sensor to OB response) from 0 for the peak correlation. d) Cross-correlations (mean ± SEM) between odor evoked population activity (principal component) and ethanol sensor signal are strong across 3 Thy1-GCaMP6f (GP5.11) mice (r = 0.54± 0.07). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plume-presentations-and-head-fix-setup-for-in-vivo-3stdkorz.png Figure 1. Plume presentations and head-fix setup for in-vivo recording experiments.a) All experiments conducted in 16” x 16” x 32” wind tunnel for quick clearing of odor presentations. The odor port (not pictured) was located ∼ 13 cms upwind of the animal’s nose. b) (right) Graphic detailing experimental setup. (left) Ethanol odor concentration measured using a modified, commercially available ethanol sensor placed ∼ 4mm from the edge of the mouse’s right nostril. c) Diagram depicting flow conditions (high, medium, or low) of the 40 trials within a single session. d) Example odor traces are depicted for each flow condition. e) Histograms of the odor concentration magnitude sampled across two examples trials show a change in skewness between low flow (right, blue) and high flow (left, red), with skewness increasing with increased airflow during plume presentations. f) Comparisons between the deconvolved sensor signal and a PID signal during a set of paired recordings show odor concentration dynamics of the deconvolution can recover dynamics observed in the PID recordings (r = 0.61, p < .001). An example from low flow (top) and high flow (bottom) are shown. g-h) For each trail, the skewness (F) and asymmetry (G) of the plume’s distribution are calculated showing that high flow trials (orange) are separable from low (blue) for both PID and sensor recordings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-higher-magnitude-of-glomerular-response-power-0-5hz-27dj40kr.png Figure 6. Higher magnitude of glomerular response power (0 − 5Hz) is associated with higher correlation with plume dynamics. a) Short-time Fourier transforms of a single low flow trial and a sample of responding glomeruli show most response power of the glomeruli and odor signal is concentrated between 0− 5Hz. Glomeruli are sorted by increasing correlation with plume dynamics. b) Same but for a single high flow trial from another example FOV. c) With both high and low flow conditions, correlation of the glomerulus with plume dynamics is plotted against its corresponding increase in power spectrum activity between ‘odor off’ (top) and ‘odor on’ (bottom) periods. Glomeruli with higher correlation coefficients have a stronger increase in response power during plume presentations (r = 0.74, p < 0.001). When calculated within flow, this relationship is significant within high flow (r = 0.73, p < 0.001), but not within low flow(r = 0.19, p = 0.05). The average repsonse across all glomerular is plotted (red/yellow) to represent the population response. Mean response power of the glomerular population is not significantly different between low (yellow dot) and high flow (red dot), except for when calculated amount glomeruli whose mean acitvity is in the 75th percentile (low = yellow circle, high average = red circle). https://scispace.com/papers/plumbophyllite-a-new-species-from-the-blue-bell-claims-near-4yu35nklkb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-bond-valence-summations-for-plumbophyllite-35eht5uw.png Table 6. Bond valence summations for plumbophyllite https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-selected-bond-distances-a-for-plumbophyllite-fja5wxgf.png Table 5. Selected bond distances (Å) for plumbophyllite https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observed-and-calculated-x-ray-powder-diffraction-7v2m8ftt.png Table 1. Observed and calculated X-ray powder-diffraction data for plumbophyllite https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-anisotropic-displacement-parameters-a2-for-1zy3j8lp.png Table 4. Anisotropic displacement parameters (Å2) for plumbophyllite https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-atomic-coordinates-site-occupancies-and-equivalent-e590ynao.png Table 3. Atomic coordinates, site occupancies, and equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) for plumbophyllite https://scispace.com/papers/plume-subduction-interaction-in-southern-central-america-4bvdyngtkb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-geochemical-classification-of-the-samples-collected-in-238peeoh.png Fig. 2. Geochemical classification of the samples collected in this study compared with the volcanic front lavas from Carr et al. (2003). The back-arc samples from Costa Rica and Nicaragua and the alkaline basalts from Panama range from picritic basalts and basanites to basaltic trachy-andesites. The adakites range from basaltic andesites to andesites and trachy-andesites with compositions similar to the high-K trend of the volcanic front in central Costa Rica (Gazel et al., 2009). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-mantle-potential-temperautre-tp-vs-the-age-of-the-1d53ay4o.png Fig. 10. Mantle Potential Temperautre (TP) vs. the age of the units that yield successful petrologic solutions (Table 3). The slab detachment possibly occurred between 8 and 6 Ma after the collision of Galapagos Hotspot tracks with the trench ~10–8 Ma the range of TP expected from a slab detachment is in the ambient mantle range (1350±50 °C). Notice how the TP increased in the units younger than 4 Ma. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-schematic-model-of-the-different-geologic-processes-10zm2rco.png Fig. 9. Schematic model of the different geologic processes required to explain the Galapagos signature in the lavas of southern Central America. Galapagos tracks initially collidedwith the convergentmargin and clogged the subduction systemduring theUpper Miocene (~10–8 Ma). This collision triggered the detachment of a segment of the subducting slab. The detachment was followed by mantle upwelling and the possible influx of Galapagos-modified asthenosphere below southern Central America through the “slab-free area”. The adakites were produced by the interaction of upwelling mantle with the edge of the subducting plate. The geochemical signature of central Costa Rican volcanic front lavas is also consistent with the reaction of melts from the subducting slab and the mantle. The structure of the subduction zone is based on the work of Protti et al. (1994). PFZ: Panama Fracture Zone, EPR: East Pacific Rise; QSC: Quesada Sharp Contortion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-primitive-mantle-mcdonough-and-sun-1995-normalized-390q2rah.png Fig. 3. Primitive mantle (McDonough and Sun, 1995) normalized multi-element diagrams. The adakites from southern Costa Rica/Panama are the only samples with the typical arctype depletions in Nb and Ta and enrichment in Pb (reference patterns in A). In contrast, the Pearl Lagoon/Cukra Hill samples are enriched in Nb and Ta and depleted in Pb. With the exception of enrichments for Ba and Sr, the Pearl Lagoon/Cukra Hill patterns are similar to those of typical ocean island basalt (OIB). All of the other alkaline rocks have characteristics intermediate between the subduction zone and OIB reference patterns. The adakites also have the most dramatic large ion lithophile element enrichments (e.g., Sr, Ba, U) and depletions in the heavy REE (e.g., Yb, Lu) and HSFE (e.g. Nb, Ta). The reference patterns in A for the volcanic arc from Carr et al. (2007) and the OIB reference is from Sun and McDonough (1989). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pb-isotope-and-trace-element-variations-along-the-20xq25l9.png Fig. 5. Pb isotope and trace element variations along the volcanic front fromNicaragua towestern Panama (A and B) and across (B and C) the arc in southern Central America. The left panel shows similar variations in 206Pb/204Pb and La/Yb with distance along the volcanic front. The HFSE depletions and Pb enrichments (Fig. 3A) typical of an arc setting were evaluated across the subduction system. Magmas produced with a significant subducting slab component will have Nb/Nb* b1, magmas with evident Nb depletions will have values Nb/Nb*b0.5 and magmas produced by mantle upwelling with no/minor subduction signature will have Nb/Nb* N1. Pb/Pb*N1 indicate positive Pb anomalies typical of arc magmatism (Fig. 3A reference patterns for the volcanic front) and Pb/Pb* b0.5 indicates a depleted Pb signature that is typical of intraplate (OIB reference pattern in Fig. 3A) magmatism. Intermediate Pb/Pb* (0.5–0.1) indicate a combination between arc and intraplate processes. The Galapagos OIB range is from the GEOROC database (http://georoc. mpch-mainz.gwdg.de) and the volcanic front data are from Carr et al. (2003) and Hoernle et al. (2008). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-schematic-profile-across-the-volcanic-front-b-29g3w5w9.png Fig. 8. A) Schematic profile across the volcanic front. B) Schematic profile along the volcanic front. In both profiles depth of the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary in each locality is based on final melting pressures calculated from the primary magmas of alkaline lavas from Costa Rica and Panama (Table 3). The pressures are averages for each locality; the standard deviation of the mean is smaller than the “star” symbols of the initial (Pi) and final (Pf) melting pressures. The lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary topography is close to ~85–90 km. The thickness of the crust (Moho) is from Sallares et al. (2001) and MacKenzie et al. (2008). The direction of mantle flow is from Hoernle et al. (2008). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tectonic-setting-of-southern-central-america-and-18mfk9wr.png Fig. 1. Tectonic setting of southern Central America and sample locations. The Galapagos Hotspot tracks and other bathymetric features are from Werner et al. (2003). The depth contours of the subducting slab are from Protti et al. (1994). Note that the alkaline basalts in Panama and the back-arc units are restricted to areas with either no clear seismic evidence of a subducting slab (Panama) or in the back-arc (Nicaragua and Costa Rica). The adakites and alkaline basalts erupted along the volcanic front in Panama. The right panel shows the age migration of volcanism in the back-arc units from Costa Rica to Nicaragua and the units west of the Panama Fracture Zone (PFZ) from southern Costa Rica to western Panama. The rate of the northwest migration of alkaline volcanism in Costa Rica and Nicaragua is 40 mm/yr. The adakite units (west of the PFZ) have an age progression in the opposite direction of 35 mm/yr. Additional age data from Abratis and Wörner (2001) and Wegner et al. (2010). CNS: Cocos–Nazca Spreading Center, EPR: East Pacific Rise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-mantle-potential-temperatures-tp-for-the-primary-9cm54zem.png Fig. 7. Mantle potential temperatures (TP) for the primary magmas from the alkaline lavas of Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama compared to other (TP) calculations from Galapagos-related lavas from the Galapagos islands and the Cocos and Carnegie ridges (Galapagos tracks) from Herzberg and Gazel (2009). Also, TP estimates from other island arcs, the Mariana Trough and East Scotia Ridge (Wiens et al., 2006; Kelley et al., 2006), and the East Pacific Rise MORB (Herzberg et al., 2007) are reported for comparison. Continental arcs TP estimates are excluded because of different tectonic setting and the use of fractionated samples in the calculations. https://scispace.com/papers/plume-induced-dynamic-instabilities-near-cratonic-blocks-1duhj6vaj6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-low-10-5-plume-rayleigh-number-experiment-with-134d2gc9.png Figure 4: a) Low (10 5 ) plume Rayleigh number experiment, with two cratonic blocks and a thin weak lithosphere. The low plume Rayleigh number promotes the formation of a large plume head with a large plume tail. The large-scale return flow induces a negative topographic signature (i.e. subsidence) above the plume head. At the final stage, alternating zones of extension and compression are present between cratonic areas; b) Close-up of the last time step, where thermo-mechanical interactions between the plume head and the non-cratonic lithosphere imply a lateral segmentation of crustal rheology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-model-for-plume-head-cratonic-blocks-interactions-37uikozs.png Figure 9: Model for plume head - cratonic blocks interactions in east Africa, from an initial superplume event (a) leading to Gondwana breakup and dispersal of the three cratonic blocks (Tanzanian, Madagascar and Dharwar); (b and c): continuous plume activity results in partial erosion of the base of cratonic blocks, either focusing plume pathways along the sloping base (left) or blocking plume heads at cratonic border (right); (d) favourable conditions for partial melting, ultrahigh temperature metamorphism and granite-related (tin) deposits establish in the left case, while gemstones, eclogites and ultrahigh pressure metamorphism are favoured in the right case; (e) drip-like instabilities result in counterclockwise P-T-t paths whereas slab-like instabilities are associated with clockwise P-T-t paths. https://scispace.com/papers/pluripotent-stem-cell-derived-intestinal-organoids-with-an-m86518sx4p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-growth-of-innervated-intestinal-organoid-in-1ql0de1e.png Figure 4: Growth of innervated intestinal organoid in Matrigel over 13 days. GFP-expressing vagal neural crest cell differentiation (vNCC) are showed in green. A. Innervated intestinal organoid (HIO+ENS) a day after the combination of hindgut spheroids and vNCCs. B. HIO+ENS after 5 days in culture. C. HIO+ENS after 9 days in culture. D. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-representative-images-of-hindgut-spheroid-3kg1rdbw.png Figure 3: Representative images of hindgut spheroid differentiation. A. hPSCs prior differentiation. B. Definitive endoderm differentiation (day 7). C. Cells forming tridimensional ridges during hindgut specification (day 10). D. End of intestinal spheroids differentiation (day 12). Spheroids are detaching from the adherent cell layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-innervated-human-intestinal-organoids-h5pavv7g.png Figure 1: Innervated human intestinal organoids differentiation protocol overview. The experiment starts with the vagal neural crest cells (vNCC) differentiation, followed by the human intestinal organoid generation (HIO). Association of both vNCCs and HIOs is performed at day 13. The combined cells result in the self-assembled intestinal organoid https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-representative-images-of-vagal-neural-crest-cell-32kd8vm2.png Figure 2: Representative images of vagal neural crest cell differentiation. A. hPSCs prior vNCC differentiation. B. Floating neurospheres (day 3). C. vNCCs migrating out of a neural rosette (day 9). D. vNCCs in culture after one passage (day 11). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-immunostaining-of-an-intestinal-organoid-grown-for-2swlq7q5.png Figure 5: Immunostaining of an intestinal organoid grown for 28 days in Matrigel. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-markers-used-for-benchmarking-the-differentiation-sdhmbbu0.png Table 1: Markers used for benchmarking the differentiation steps. A combination of markers can be used to confirm the efficiency and quality of differentiation using semi- https://scispace.com/papers/pluridens-serpentis-a-new-mosasaurid-mosasauridae-35l1oly8mu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-geographic-and-stratigraphic-occurrence-of-2cvdugvv.png Table 2. Geographic and stratigraphic occurrence of Halisaurinae. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-click-here-to-access-download-figure-3-figure-3-wsopo9u0.png Figure 3 Click here to access/download;Figure;3 Figure 3 Pluridens Syntype OCP-01.png https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-click-here-to-access-download-figure-8-figure-8-1z5kplxz.png Figure 8 Click here to access/download;Figure;8 Figure 8 maxilla-01.jpg https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-click-here-to-access-download-table-table-1-docx-1reydo2o.png Table 1 Click here to access/download;Table;Table 1.docx https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-click-here-to-access-download-figure-9-figure-9-jpg-6yojy6xi.png Figure 9 Click here to access/download;Figure;9 Figure 9.jpg https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-click-here-to-access-download-figure-14-figure-14-2sx9dteh.png Figure 14 Click here to access/download;Figure;14 Figure 14 Pluridens map copy-01.jpg https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-click-here-to-access-download-figure-1-figure-1-27ie0q5t.png Figure 1 Click here to access/download;Figure;1 Figure 1 Pluridens Map-01.jpg https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-click-here-to-access-download-figure-0-5-figure-5-36kkmkw0.png Figure 5 Click here to access/download;Figure;0 5 Figure 5-01.jpg https://scispace.com/papers/plurilinear-modeling-and-discrete-m-synthesis-control-of-a-5sqt63d92v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-appearances-of-the-bode-diagrams-of-the-gabarits-1cmd92ts.png Fig. 8. Appearances of the bode diagrams of the gabarits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-closed-loop-scheme-b-augmented-scheme-26xzxrjx.png Fig. 7. a: closed-loop scheme. b: augmented scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-piezoelectric-cantilever-submitted-to-external-7pq6cc6w.png Fig. 1. A piezoelectric cantilever submitted to external excitations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-the-experimental-setup-principle-b-photography-of-k2uw1la2.png Fig. 11. a : the experimental setup principle. b : photography of the cantilever. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-bloc-scheme-including-the-uncertainty-19h3vc3t.png Fig. 12. Bloc-scheme including the uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-stages-to-synthesize-a-discrete-controller-38hu7ytf.png Fig. 10. The stages to synthesize a discrete controller. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-robust-synthesis-b-configuration-for-the-u-synthesis-175u6163.png Fig. 9. a: robust synthesis. b: configuration for the µ-synthesis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-hysteresis-phenomenon-b-creeping-phenomenon-varwx7qn.png Fig. 2. a: hysteresis phenomenon. b: creeping phenomenon. https://scispace.com/papers/plutonium-measurements-by-accelerator-mass-spectrometry-at-30hcfcbl64 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pu-240-239-isotope-ratios-and-pu-241-activity-1d0en1hf.png Table 2. Pu-240/239 isotope ratios and Pu-241 activity concentrations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pu-239-240-activity-concentrations-recent-3qboptdp.png Table 1. Pu-239+240 activity concentrations. Recent measurements of 239Pu+240Pu activity concentrations (in Bq/kg) in IAEA reference materials by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and alpha spectrometry at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Two of five 10% aliquots (following sample digestion and chemical purification) were analyzed by AMS. One 50% aliquot was analyzed by alpha spectrometry. The results are compared to IAEA reference values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-accelerator-mass-spectrometry-measurements-of-pu-1rk5z870.png Figure 1 Accelerator mass spectrometry measurements of Pu isotopes at LLNL. Shown are the present setup, and planned upgrade (lower inset). In the present high energy spectrometer, a Wien filter is used to provide limited velocity analysis for the rejection of some interferences. In the final spectrometer, an electrostatic analyzer (cylindrical, 4.4 m radius, 5 cm plate gap, 45° bending angle, 50 kV/cm maximum field) will provide the final separation of interferences. The ESA has been designed to fully resolve neighboring isotopes at 250 AMU. https://scispace.com/papers/plutonium-isotopic-composition-by-gamma-ray-spectroscopy-36wpmt5raa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-241-contribution-to-241pu-237u-ray-lines-as-a-function-34vsmh4k.png Fig. 1. 241/* contribution to 241pu.237u ray lines as a function of time art«r ical separation. Parameters are line energies in kiloelectron volts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-typical-relat-ive-efficiency-curves-for-two-sample-2u5brc01.png Fig. 2. Typical relat ive efficiency curves for two _ sample sizes using a 200-mm2 x lO-mm oeep https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-predicted-precision-of-specific-power-for-i-00-g-2hjnfn0k.png Fig. 6. Predicted precision of specific power for i>00-g weapons giade metal &n<j loixi-g FFTF^ PuO2 sample couriteG at 10 khz *ich itiO-tm* x iQ-mm deep planar detector. Curves are https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fctfect-of-adjustments-of-calibration-constants-on-x4t36z1y.png Fig. 3. fctfect of adjustments of calibration constants on 24OPu/241Pu rat io . The befcre https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-can-be-generated-these-curves-are-specific-to-each-1q7z7suo.png Fig. 6. Predicted precision of specific power for i>00-g weapons giade metal &n<j loixi-g FFTF^ PuO2 sample couriteG at 10 khz *ich itiO-tm* x iQ-mm deep planar detector. Curves are https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nondestructive-gamma-hay-measurements-of-pu-2hqfbq5w.png TABLE 1 NONDESTRUCTIVE GAMMA-HAY MEASUREMENTS OF Pu ISOTOPICS https://scispace.com/papers/pm10-and-pm2-5-emission-factors-for-non-exhaust-particles-m9woo7i4fe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mass-increments-and-derived-emissions-factors-oufeohfo.png Table 4. Mass increments and derived emissions factors calculated in Harrison et al. (2012) for: total 606 mass, brake dust, tyre dust, and resuspension. 607 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-coefficient-used-to-fit-the-2-5-10-vs-w-fcthn0az.png Table 3: Regression coefficient used to fit the 𝐸𝐹𝑃𝑀2.5/10 vs W curves in the plots of Figure 1. 596 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-absolute-and-percentage-change-in-the-total-icg1jf1l.png Figure 3: Absolute and percentage change in the total emission factors shown in without / with regenerative braking. The upper panel shows the absolute values of total emission factor estimated for petrol, diesel and battery electric vehicles, the latter with 0%, 90% and 100% regenerative braking on different road types. The lower panels show the change in emission factor from a diesel (left panel) or petrol (right panel) vehicle to a battery electric vehicle with 0%, 90% or 100% regenerative braking. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-regression-of-tyre-brake-and-road-wear-pmemission-9b2wyycx.png Figure 1: Regression of tyre, brake and road wear 𝐸𝐹PMemission factors against vehicle mass (Table 1 and 2). The shaded green and black rectangles highlight the increase 𝐸𝐹𝑏𝑒 - 𝐸𝐹𝑖𝑐𝑒 for comparisons with petrol and diesel fuelled engines. Nonlinear Least Squares fit of 𝐸𝐹 = 𝑏𝑊𝑟𝑒𝑓 1 𝑐 shown by black solid and dashed lines: dashed lines signifying the 3 limits. (see Table 3 for fitted values of b and c and Figures SI 1 and 2 for the individual plots with error bars). https://scispace.com/papers/pml-in-application-an-example-of-integral-sheet-metal-design-48prylnuxy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conventional-and-algorithm-based-design-process-2lpbima0.png Fig. 1: Conventional and algorithm-based design process Integral sheet metal products with higher order bifurcations represent an innovative product genus of sheet metal products. Product development for integral sheet metal products of higher order bifurcations requires a novel kind of development process utilizing knowledge of several disciplines like mechanical engineering, applied mathematics and material science. This new approach of product development is called algorithm-based product development and does not fit into the traditional VDI 2221 process (Fig. 1). The conventional product development process of VDI 2221 reflects the human thinking processes in product development. Following this conventional product development approach, the designer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-activity-diagram-of-manufacturing-process-1pdcc8cg.png Fig. 8: Activity diagram of manufacturing process https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-sequence-diagram-of-manufacturing-process-14648oph.png Fig. 9: Sequence diagram of manufacturing process https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-derivation-loop-of-pml-2nifj71c.png Fig. 4: Derivation loop of PML https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-linear-flow-splitting-and-linear-bend-splitting-3100onxy.png Fig. 5: Linear flow splitting and linear bend splitting https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-integral-sheet-metal-product-example-slide-rail-1ctx6j27.png Fig. 6: Integral sheet metal product example: slide rail https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-process-diagram-for-product-emergence-of-integrated-3c3mhbar.png Fig. 7: Process diagram for product emergence of integrated sheet metal products with higher order bifurcations https://scispace.com/papers/pn-emissions-of-gasoline-cars-mpi-and-potentials-of-gpf-1ni1kuvttg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-set-up-of-exhaust-gas-sampling-for-pn-analysis-3he5kq0o.png FIGURE 1 Set-up of exhaust gas sampling for PN-analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-gaseous-emissions-w-o-gpf-with-cgpf-and-gpf-during-17pga262.png FIGURE 12 Gaseous emissions w/o GPF, with cGPF and GPF during steady state operation, SSC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-pn-emissions-with-add-on-cgpf-and-gpf-in-different-2sf14zj2.png FIGURE 8 PN-emissions with add-on cGPF and GPF in different driving cycles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-instantaneous-filtration-efficiency-and-exhaust-30cbxyt9.png FIGURE 10 Instantaneous filtration efficiency and exhaust temperature before GPF in the high-speed driving cycle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-appearance-of-pm-material-collected-on-tga-quartz-18lv782d.png FIGURE 7 Appearance of PM-material collected on TGA quartz filters from the lowest & highest emitting vehicles in https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-particles-counts-filtration-efficiencies-of-cgpf-1ncocex6.png FIGURE 9 Particles Counts Filtration Efficiencies of cGPF and GPF in different driving cycles https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-of-investigated-mpi-vehicle-19zrbjod.png TABLE 1 Data of investigated MPI vehicle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-accumulated-emissions-with-add-on-gpf-uncoated-and-33u69uin.png FIGURE 11 Accumulated emissions with add-on-GPF (uncoated) and cGPF (coated); ADAC 130; V2 https://scispace.com/papers/pneumatosis-cystoides-intestinalis-due-to-cholelithiasis-a-1f43cy5yk8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-white-arrow-in-the-directed-graph-indicates-the-3ay1i882.png FIGURE 1. The white arrow in the directed graph indicates the findings of intestinal obstruction (free air-liquid levels), and the black arrow indicates air on the intestinal wall due to PCI. https://scispace.com/papers/pnerf-parallelized-conversion-from-internal-to-cartesian-3w7wr06qal 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-in-the-standard-nerf-algorithm-internal-coordinates-evkg91pn.png Figure 1: In the standard NeRF algorithm, internal coordinates (angles and bond lengths, shown as dots on a circle) are converted to Cartesian coordinates (shown as sticks) sequentially, starting from one end of the polymer and finishing at the opposite end. In pNeRF, multiple fragments are reconstructed independently and in parallel, and then the final coordinates are obtained by reorienting entire fragments, sequentially, in the opposite direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fold-speed-up-in-computation-time-pink-intensity-37ivjp7a.png Figure 2: Fold speed up in computation time (pink intensity) when using pNeRF instead of NeRF for different combinations of batch sizes and sequence lengths. Computations were carried out on CPUs (Xeon E5-2643 v4) and GPUs (Titan Xp) and represent the averages of 100 independent runs, preceded by 10 burn-in runs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pnerf-processing-times-for-different-batch-sizes-wczyz7zb.png Figure 4: pNeRF processing times for different batch sizes (indicated by numbers in legend) and hardware platforms as a function of the number of fragments (𝑀) used by pNeRF in the forward and backward passes. Arrows indicate the fastest choice of 𝑀 for each configuration. All runs used a sequence length of 700. Timings represent the averages of 100 independent runs, preceded by 10 burn-in runs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-contribution-to-rgn-batch-processing-time-from-lstm-szonkypf.png Figure 5: Contribution to RGN batch processing time from LSTM and (p)NeRF components, computed using different choices of architectures and maximum sequence lengths. NeRF contributions are shown in the left bars, and pNeRF contributions are shown in the right bars. The first line of RGN configuration corresponds to number of bidirectional LSTM layers x layer size, while the second line indicates maximum sequence length. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-log-ratio-of-pnerf-cpu-over-gpu-compute-time-0-3teqjoq2.png Figure 3: Log ratio of pNeRF CPU over GPU compute time (>0 indicate GPUs are faster) for different combinations of batch sizes (number of simultaneous conversions) and sequence lengths. https://scispace.com/papers/poetic-tissue-an-integrated-architecture-for-bio-inspired-63r1drxjob 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-possible-structure-for-the-configuration-or-mapping-3tdssihs.png Fig. 3. A possible structure for the configuration or mapping layer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-three-organizational-layers-of-the-poetic-project-tzdoeeca.png Fig. 1. The three organizational layers of the POEtic project. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-genotype-layer-in-an-array-of-cells-and-the-uab24555.png Fig. 2. The genotype layer in an array of cells and the external controller for evolution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-outline-of-a-possible-architecture-for-the-phenotype-1ikxmjp8.png Fig. 4. Outline of a possible architecture for the phenotype layer. https://scispace.com/papers/point-mutations-in-tp53-but-not-in-p15-ink4b-and-p16-ink4a-1qiri8n4oz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-clinical-characteristics-and-results-of-tp53-2f87lagu.png Table I. Clinical characteristics and results of TP53 mutation analysis in patients with ATL. https://scispace.com/papers/point-based-and-region-based-image-moments-for-visual-qjfh34v4a8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-results-for-a-complex-motion-using-a-discrete-object-1tjyz9tk.png Fig. 12. Results for a complex motion using a discrete object, comparison using our visual features and using a basic image-based approach : (a) initial image, (b) desired image, (c) s − s∗ (m) using moments, (d) vc (cm/s and dg/s) using moments, (e) s − s∗ (m) using image points coordinates, (f) vc (cm/s and dg/s) using image points coordinates, (g) image points trajectories (in blue using our features, in red using image points coordinates) (h) camera trajectories (with same colors) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representation-of-f-ec-on-p-3-p-3-x-p-3-p-3-for-the-m72jycgs.png Fig. 1. Representation of f(ec) on [−π 3 ; π 3 ] × [−π 3 ; π 3 ] for the “whale” and pair: (a) (c9, c10), (b) (c6, c4), (c) (c3, c4), (d) (c9, c5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-pure-translational-motion-a-desired-image-when-the-3dqjs9zu.png Fig. 11. Pure translational motion: (a) desired image when the object is parallel to the image plane, (b) desired image when the object is not parallel to the image plane), (c) initial image for a pure translation from (a), (d) initial image for a pure translation from (b), (e) comparison of s − s∗ (m), (f) comparison of υc (cm/s), (g) camera 3D trajectory when the object is parallel to the image plane (in blue, using our features, and in red using points coordinates), (h) idem when the object is not parallel to the image plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-representation-of-f-ec-for-the-set-of-points-and-for-5tmwa6hu.png Fig. 10. Representation of f(ec) for the set of points and for the pair: (a) (c9, c10), (b) (c6, c4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-results-obtained-with-the-brain-for-a-desired-object-1xqgg90n.png Fig. 9. Results obtained with the ”brain” for a desired object position non parallel to the image plane: (a) initial image, (b) desired image, (c) visual features s − s∗ (m), (d) vc (cm/s and dg/s), (e) camera 3D trajectory. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-for-a-complex-motion-when-the-desired-object-h3e9ng81.png Fig. 4. Results for a complex motion when the desired object position is parallel to the image plane: (a) initial image, (b) camera 3D trajectory, (c) s − s∗ (m), (d) vc (cm/s and dg/s). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-for-a-pure-translation-when-the-object-is-not-yh5qokbh.png Fig. 3. Results for a pure translation when the object is not parallel to the image plane: (a) initial image, (b) desired image, (c) s−s∗ (m), (d) vc (cm/s and dg/s), (e) camera 3D trajectory https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-results-for-a-pure-translational-motion-when-the-3vwyhv2g.png Fig. 2. Results for a pure translational motion when the object is parallel to the image plane: (a) initial image, (b) desired image, (c) s − s∗ (m), (d) υc (cm/s), (e) camera 3D trajectory https://scispace.com/papers/point-of-care-capillary-blood-creatinine-a-prospective-study-6q7vpduzbu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-20kcsdbp.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3m0nbvnl.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1awkq95f.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-24zd84me.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/point-process-models-of-spectro-temporal-modulation-events-2gei5jz1rv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-keyword-spotting-figure-of-merit-results-for-the-3g401kfi.png Table 1. Keyword spotting figure-of-merit results for the three systems. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-example-a-stm-filterbank-output-and-b-the-1bq1a722.png Fig. 2. An example (a) STM filterbank output and (b) the corresponding pointprocess representation (δ = 0.05) for the utterance “a mandatory retirement age of seventy.” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-high-level-model-architecture-hpicqmr8.png Fig. 1. High-level model architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-word-model-poisson-rate-parameters-lph-t-ph-ph-for-the-1szfi3fk.png Fig. 3. Word model Poisson rate parameters,{λφ(t)}φ∈Φ, for the word “Boston,” where we have setD = 20. https://scispace.com/papers/point-source-polarimetry-with-the-gemini-planet-imager-2arjo593io 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hd-19467-system-properties-after-crepp-et-al-2014-3dnhd4jg.png Table 1 HD 19467 System Properties, after Crepp et al. (2014, 2015) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-degree-of-linear-polarization-upper-limits-104i28u8.png Table 2 Degree of Linear Polarization Upper Limits https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-histograms-of-the-summed-counts-in-the-stokes-3ompnpil.png Figure 2. Histograms of the summed counts in the Stokes comparison apertures. The aperture size is equal to the full width at half maximum of the companion (3.44 pixels, or 0 049). The Stokes I histogram (a) has an excess of higher values due to speckle noise. Because HD 19467 A is an unpolarized star, there is little flux at the companion’s separation in the Q and U frames. The large spread in Q and U values is due in part to the small number of apertures used (66). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reduced-stokes-images-with-the-ring-of-comparison-1pwkgwgn.png Figure 1. Reduced Stokes images with the ring of comparison apertures superimposed (the white arrow indicates the companion in Stokes I). The companion’s S/N (Equation (1)) is 7.4 in Stokes I, but S/N < 1.0 in Stokes Q and U. Hence, no polarized radiation is detected from the companion. https://scispace.com/papers/point-source-contamination-in-cmb-non-gaussianity-analyses-1omwgkdku7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-number-density-modulation-equilateral-vu1altqb.png FIG. 3 (color online). Number density modulation equilateral bispectra for thermal SZ (solid, black line); radio point sources—model 1 (red, dashed line) and model 2 (blue, longdashed line). The local model (fNL ¼ 1) (green, dot-dashed line) is also shown for reference. The equilateral shape corresponds to (‘1 ¼ ‘2 ¼ ‘3 ¼ ‘). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-the-planck-estimator-bias-terms-f-nl-for-1c1k15si.png FIG. 9 (color online). The Planck estimator bias terms f NL for 30 GHz (upper left); 44 GHz (upper right); 70 GHz (lower left), and 100 GHz (lower right). The curves are the same as Fig. 8. The density modulation terms produce a negative bias, while the magnification bias produce a positive bias. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-radio-point-source-flux-threshold-fwhm-and-2qf9r3bx.png TABLE I. Radio point source flux threshold, FWHM, and instrument pixel noise (in 10 6) for the relevant WMAP and Planck frequency bands. For WMAP the various band names are also listed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-number-density-modulation-collapsed-1u8mw5at.png FIG. 4 (color online). Number density modulation collapsed bispectra for thermal SZ (solid, black line); radio point sources—model 1 (red, dashed line) and model 2 (blue, longdashed line). The local model (fNL ¼ 1) (green, dot-dashed line) is also shown for reference. We show representative collapsed bispectra with ‘1 ¼ 5, ‘2 ¼ ‘3 ¼ ‘. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-the-wmap-estimator-bias-terms-f-nl-as-a-2qtnvh1x.png FIG. 8 (color online). The WMAP estimator bias terms f NL as a function of ‘max for radio point source density modulation (solid, black line); SZ number density modulation (dotted, red line); radio point source gravitational lensing magnification modulation (dashed, blue line); and SZ gravitational lensing magnification modulation (long-dashed, green line) in Ka 33 GHz (upper left); Q 40 GHz (upper right); V 61 GHz; and W 94 GHz. The density modulation terms produce a negative bias, while the magnification bias produce a positive bias. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-convergence-isw-cross-correlation-ekyoxh9v.png FIG. 5 (color online). Convergence-ISW cross correlation spectrum for thermal SZ (solid, black line); radio point sources—model 1 (red, dashed line) and model 2 (blue, longdashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-magnification-modulation-equilateral-1zcltdov.png FIG. 6 (color online). Magnification modulation equilateral bispectra for thermal SZ effect (solid, black line); radio point sources—model 1 (red, dashed line) and model 2 (blue, longdashed line). The local model bispectrum (fNL ¼ 1) (green, dotdashed line) is also shown for reference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-magnification-modulation-collapsed-991y4i0x.png FIG. 7 (color online). Magnification modulation collapsed bispectra for thermal SZ (solid, black line); radio point sources— model 1 (red, dashed line) and model 2 (blue, long-dashed line). The local model (fNL ¼ 1) (green, dot-dashed line) is also shown for reference. We show representative collapsed bispectra with ‘1 ¼ 5, ‘2 ¼ ‘3 ¼ ‘. https://scispace.com/papers/poisoning-attacks-to-compromise-face-templates-3pg0pzkf7x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ebgm-with-template-galleries-attack-samples-left-2zx7lqx8.png Figure 8. EBGM with template galleries. Attack samples (left) and FAR and GAR (right) at different iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-components-of-an-adaptive-biometric-verification-37sfuzdy.png Figure 1. Components of an adaptive biometric verification system that exploits self-update. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-poisoning-centroid-based-pca-with-perfect-top-and-2v52e0ep.png Figure 6. Poisoning centroid-based PCA with perfect (top) and limited (bottom) knowledge. First and second column: FAR and GAR averaged over all possible attackers, given the victim, at different iterations. Third column: zoo plot showing the number of iterations averaged over all victims, given the attacker, against the number of iterations averaged over all attackers, given the victim. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-poisoning-pca-top-and-ebgm-bottom-with-template-1z3r5ipv.png Figure 7. Poisoning PCA (top) and EBGM (bottom) with template galleries. See the caption of Fig. 6 for further details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-poisoning-attack-with-perfect-knowledge-the-d7ll5loc.png Figure 2. Left: poisoning attack with perfect knowledge. The gray-filled circle highlights the feasible domain ||x− xc|| ≤ dc; the circles centered on xa represent the objective function ||x− xa||, minimized by the attack point x on the feasible domain. The updated centroid x′c and the feasible domain for the next attack iteration are also shown. Middle and right: poisoning attack with limited knowledge. In the middle plot, we highlight that the feasible domain ||x− xc|| ≤ dc − d grows after each attack iteration, since the uncertainty d decreases (see the empty circles in the right plot). In the right plot, we als report the trajectory of the ‘true’ template xc during the attack sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-attack-samples-top-and-estimated-centroids-bottom-3sp89e7w.png Figure 4. Attack samples (top) and estimated centroids (bottom) for poisoning with limited knowledge, at different iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-far-and-gar-for-poisoning-with-perfect-solid-lines-o9v2np4u.png Figure 5. FAR and GAR for poisoning with perfect (solid lines) and limited (dashed lines) knowledge, at different iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-attack-samples-top-and-victims-centroids-bottom-for-2rfvlh7o.png Figure 3. Attack samples (top) and victim’s centroids (bottom) for poisoning with perfect knowledge, at different iterations.∑ https://scispace.com/papers/point-to-point-shortest-paths-on-dynamic-time-dependent-road-41tckya21c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-5-results-in-a-branch-and-cut-framework-on-the-2t12bq57.png Table 7.5: Results in a Branch-and-Cut framework on the instances unsolved in two hours by the SDmethod. Instances with a ∗ have been solved by the CGDmethod. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-3-results-after-1000-solved-nodes-fyp7ngjm.png Table 7.3: Results after 1000 solved nodes https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-4-performance-on-the-european-road-network-of-2i08477f.png Table 5.4: Performance on the European road network of timedependent Dijkstra, unidirectional ALT, TDALT with and without the tightened potential function (3.1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2-schematic-representation-of-the-proposed-3alkxhv3.png Figure 6.2: Schematic representation of the proposed architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2-representation-of-example-7-2-3-form-1-1-3dgsgdas.png Figure 7.2: Representation of Example 7.2.3 form = 1.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-computational-results-on-clustered-graph-average-2v8mhuef.png Table 2.1: Computational results on clustered graph: average values. A ∗ in the first column indicates that the value forK has been adaptively chosen, and we report the starting value, which is also the maximum one. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-3-comparison-of-the-sd-and-cgd-branching-algorithms-2mvf0zjb.png Table 9.3: Comparison of the SD and CGD branching algorithms on theMILP formulation for the time-dependent shortest paths problem. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-8-results-after-1000-solved-nodes-full-results-3sohpu3e.png Table 7.8: Results after 1000 solved nodes: full results https://scispace.com/papers/point-to-source-path-tracing-monte-carlo-to-compute-the-1izj5a40na 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-the-iterative-process-expressed-by-the-uo1zrtyz.png FIG. 2. Schematic of the iterative process expressed by the equation g = g0 + Tg0 + TTg0 + TTTg0 + · · · Each direction change on a wall represents an integral over all the re-emitting walls. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-knudsen-number-in-function-of-the-net-flow-in-the-ur4tipxq.png FIG. 5. Knudsen number in function of the net flow in the conical segment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relative-particle-density-distribution-within-a-cone-156yrpca.png FIG. 4. Relative particle density distribution within a cone. The density at the entrance is 0.75 times input density and decreases rapidly with the height of the frustum. The red arrows in the inset indicate the direction of the flow in the conical section. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-accuracy-and-precision-comparison-between-direct-and-1v3rue0i.png FIG. 3. Accuracy and precision comparison between direct and reverse path tracing of the Clausing function at the entrance point (z = 0) of a pipe of aspect ratioL/R = 10. It is compared to the number of collisions made in the pipe, which is proportional to the computation time. For the direct path tracing, the pipe was separated in 300 equal sectors. Square points represent the direct path simulation, and the circles the reverse path tracing. Empty dots are for accuracy, and the filled ones are for precision. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-processes-involved-in-the-two-path-2g22iw81.png FIG. 1. Illustration of the processes involved in the two path-tracing methods. The particle source is a uniformly distributed diffuse emitter represented by the bottom cap of the cylinder, the top cap surface is called the exit area, and the body of the cylinder is diffuse re-emitting surfaces called walls. Particles are generated at the black spot bounce of the walls, and their trajectories are illustrated in two colors. Line paths do not contribute to the impinging flux whereas dashed paths do. In the direct path example, the particles are captured in a small collecting area of length ε. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-clausing-factors-w-expressing-the-probability-for-a-2nflc1sm.png TABLE I. Clausing factors (W ) expressing the probability for a molecule that enters a cylinder of aspect ratio length over radius L/R to exit at the other end. The integer N represents the number of paths generated to obtain the transmission probability in this work, which is compared to Ref. [16]. https://scispace.com/papers/polar-columnar-assemblies-of-subphthalocyanines-4lrzxpd003 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-molecular-structure-of-the-a-and-b-enantiomers-of-1cxwugjf.png Fig. 3. (a) Molecular structure of the α and β enantiomers of SubPc 3. (b) Top and side views of the two enantiomers of SubPc 3 and the corresponding homochiral head-to-tail columnar assemblies. Temperature-dependent CD of 3α and 3β (c) and UV-vis of 3α (d) experiments in MCH at 3.9·10-6 M. The absorption features of 3β are identical. Arrows indicate the trends with increasing T values, which leads to deaggregation. (e) AFM height image of SubPc 3 onto HOPG (3.2·10-6 M, MCH). (f) TEM image of a negatively stained solution of 3 in MCH on a carbon-coated copper grid. (g) Dodecane gels of 3 under no (left) or UV irradiation (right, λ = 365 nm). (h) SEM image of the corresponding xerogel. Adapted with permission from ref. [23]. Copyright 2015 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH&Co. KGaA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-ofesc-device-the-inset-shows-the-device-after-the-12s3lmwo.png Fig. 7. (a) oFESC device. The inset shows the device after the electric-field alignment procedure at 135-140 ºC and cooling down. The complete darkness indicates a stable homeotropic out-of-plane orientation. (b) Ferroelectric polarization and (c) current versus applied voltage for a Au/SubPc-amide/Au diode. Polarization and current are separate measurements on the same device. Thin dotted lines indicate the coercive voltage; red dashed lines are fits to a sum of ohmic and SCLC contributions, showing that conductivity is bulk-limited. Arrows indicate loop sense. Device film thickness L = 1 mm, T = 130° to 135 °C. (d) Schematic representation of the self-assembled liquid crystalline ferroelectric material in which the polarization, which can be switched as a function of the direction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-molecular-structure-of-subpc-4-b-pom-photograph-x50-1b058pms.png Fig. 5. (a) Molecular structure of SubPc 4. (b) POM photograph (x50) at r.t. on cooling form the isotropic phase. Transition temperatures (ºC) and enthalpy values (kJ·mol-1) correspond to the second heating. (c) X-ray diffractrogram at r.t. The inset shows the hexagonal columnar arrangement of the mesophase with an intercolumnar distance of about 4 nm (red arrow). (d) AFM 2D phase image of a thermally treated sample of SubPc 4 deposited onto mica. (e) POM photograph (x20, r.t.) of a 5μm sandwich cell with ITO electrodes. An electric field was applied during the I-Colh transition that provoked the orientation of the columns. (f) Temperature dependence of the SHG signal at an angle on incidence of 30º. (g) Scheme of the optical setup used for SHG interferometry and interference patterns at 40 ºC. Blue and red points correspond to a LC sample that was polarized with (+) and (-) DC electric field, respecitvely, on cooling from the isotropic phase. Black points were obtained by reversing the (-) DC field without heating the sample to the isotropic phase and were found to overlap red points, meaning that the polarization of the sample was immune to the applied field. (h) Schematic representation of the axial dipole moment transfer from the π-conjugated SubPc 4 to the corresponding self-assembled π-conjugated material which displays permanent net polarization. Adapted with permission from ref. [26]. Copyright 2015 Royal Society of Chemistry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-structure-of-subpc-1-b-molecular-structure-showing-75tuh7e3.png Fig. 1. (a) Structure of SubPc 1. (b) Molecular structure showing thermal ellipsoids at the 50% probability level of 1. Views showing (c) the columns along the c axis and (d) the columns packing along the ab plane of 1 (u=up, d=down). Hydrogen atoms were omitted for clarity. Reproduced with permission from ref. [20]. Copyright 2008 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH&Co. KGaA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-schematic-representation-of-the-polar-switching-and-d46dr4ez.png Fig. 6. (a) Schematic representation of the polar switching and textures observed by POM for the lyotropic NCol mesophase of SubPc 3 in dodecane (10 wt%) under a low-frequency (0.1 Hz) square-wave field: left, +40 V; center, transient texture observed during voltage inversion; right, –40 V. Sample thickness, 5 μm. (b) Voltage dependence of the SHG signal at an angle of incidence of 30º. (c) SHG interferograms obtained for positive (black dots) and negative (red dots) field applications (10 Vμm-1), and without electric field after the pretreatment with positive and negative fields (black and red crosses). Adapted with permission from ref. [27]. Copyright 2015 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH&Co. KGaA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-x-ray-single-crystal-structure-of-2-b-side-view-c-ofbknrw8.png Fig. 2. (a) X-ray single-crystal structure of 2: (b) side view, (c) top view, (d) packing diagram. The thermal ellipsoids were scaled to the 50% probability level. In the packing diagram, the biphenyl units of the P and M enantiomers are highlighted. Reproduced with permission from ref. [21]. Copyright 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH&Co. KGaA. https://scispace.com/papers/polar-desert-chronologies-through-quantitative-measurements-3mtkhuskvd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-location-map-transantarctic-mountains-2xakzbhw.png Figure 1. Sample location map (Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica) showing corresponding cosmogenic-nuclide exposure ages (in ka) (Kaplan et al., 2017). 10Be age shown unless only 3He is available at location. Digital Globe imagery (©2014) provided by the Polar Geospatial Center (St. Paul, Minnesota, USA). https://scispace.com/papers/polarimetric-formulation-of-the-visibility-function-equation-sdy3ridioh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-image-errors-maps-in-a-high-contrast-scene-if-antenna-1utkjq6y.png Fig. 1. Image errors maps in a high-contrast scene if antenna cross-polarization patterns are neglected: T = A T +B T and T = AB (T T ). https://scispace.com/papers/polarimetric-imaging-of-large-cavity-structures-in-the-pre-1jsruskl07 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-h-band-pi-image-of-pds-70-with-a-software-mask-tgtcg109.png Figure 2. (a) H-band PI image of PDS 70 with a software mask with 0.′′4 diameter. (b) Same as (a), except for its features. The solid ellipse indicates the ring-like disk. The filled circle represents the geometric center of the disk. (c) L′-band LOCI image of PDS 70 with a software mask with 0.′′4 diameter. The parameters in LOCI reductions are described in Section 2.2. The FOV of three images are 3.′′0 × 3.′′0 with a convolution of spatial resolution. (d) and (e) Radial profiles at yellow hatched regions of the minor and major axes in (b). The values of the profile to the northwest and southwest are multiplied by 10 for the presentation purposes. (f) Detectable mass at 5σ based on the L′-band LOCI image. The LOCI parameters are same as those described in Section 2.2, but the optimization area is 250 × FWHM (NA = 250). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pre-transitional-disk-model-of-pds-70-filled-1vfjjtv4.png Figure 3. Pre-transitional disk model of PDS 70. Filled circles represent archival photometry (see Table 2 for photometry data). The solid black line is the best-fit model with a gap of∼70 AU (see Table 1 for model parameters). Separate model components are as follows: stellar photosphere (green dotted line), thermal emission (blue dotted line), and scattered light (red dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-archival-photometry-data-for-pds-70-1molr8ho.png Table 2 Archival Photometry Data for PDS 70 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-h-band-polarization-vectors-of-pds-70-are-2rg048ly.png Figure 1. H-band polarization vectors of PDS 70 are superposed on the PI image with a software mask with 0.′′4 diameter (a) before subtracting polarized halo and (b) after subtraction. The plotted vectors are binned with spatial resolution. The field of view (FOV) is 3.′′0 × 3.′′0. All plotted vectors’ lengths are arbitrary for the presentation purposes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-results-of-the-ellipse-and-the-sed-fitting-for-15hoe9bz.png Table 1 The Results of the Ellipse and the SED Fitting for the Disk of PDS 70 https://scispace.com/papers/polarimetric-surface-plasmon-resonance-imaging-biosensor-2ti40hadff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-corrected-mean-dynamical-reflectivity-variations-2tuuufql.png Fig. 2. Corrected mean dynamical reflectivity variations induced by the injections of 1% and 1.5% glycerol in water. (a) Arm x. (b) Arm x. (c) “Anisotropy” of the bulk liquid. Dashed lines represent fluidic transitions. Right axes, corresponding bulk !n. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-p-spri-system-a-top-1k5ue2d8.png Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the P-SPRI system. (a) Top view. (b) Side view. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-dynamical-p-spri-signal-of-a-sam-3cqx51yc.png Fig. 3. (Color online) (a) Dynamical P-SPRI signal of a SAM-supported hemimembrane system. Dots, anisotropic response of electrode A. Line, response of electrode C (control). (b) Diagram of the biochip areas. (c) Image of the differential SPR anisotropy observed. https://scispace.com/papers/polarisation-independent-resistively-loaded-frequency-2hpgx8p17e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-predicted-10-db-bandwidths-of-fss-absorbers-as-a-3814sxut.png Figure 4 Predicted -10 dB bandwidths of FSS absorbers as a function of thickness for TE and TM polarized waves at 40, 45 and 50 incidence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-computed-reflectivity-plots-for-te-and-tm-qt6ge1ge.png Figure 3 Computed reflectivity plots for TE and TM polarizations at 40, 45 and 50 incidence and absorber thicknesses – a) 1 mm, b) 2 mm and c) 3mm https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computed-common-te-tm-10-db-reflectivity-bandwidth-p2dcoff1.png Table 1 Computed common (TE/TM) -10 dB reflectivity bandwidth for 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm thick FSS absorber operating at 40, 45 and 50 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-computed-reflectivity-plots-for-1-mm-2-mm-and-3-mm-vimp3yqb.png Figure 2 Computed reflectivity plots for 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm thick absorbers for TE and TM polarizations – 45 incidence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-measured-relationship-between-surface-resistance-umiaasms.png Figure 6 Measured relationship between surface resistance and thickness for HSF-74 ink https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-plot-of-the-unit-cell-geometry-and-sd7liues.png Figure 1 Schematic plot of the unit cell geometry and dimensions of the FSS absorber, (a) top view, (b) side view https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-photograph-of-a-26-x-14-array-of-resistively-loaded-21muwwhh.png Figure 7 Photograph of a 26 × 14 array of resistively loaded FSS loop elements and bistatic reflectivity measurement set-up https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-computed-solid-lines-and-measured-dotted-lines-nahaf6ei.png Figure 5 Computed (solid lines) and measured (dotted lines) transmission response of 1, 2, 3 and 4 layer dipole FSS constructed of HSF-74 shielding paint https://scispace.com/papers/polariton-spin-whirls-1f1tly5b1y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-snapshots-of-the-spatio-temporal-dynamics-of-the-v1fs1qr2.png Figure 1. Snapshots of the spatio-temporal dynamics of the degree of circular polarization Sz under non-resonant linearly polarised excitation at: (a) 38 ps, (b) 41 ps and (c) 46 ps showing the clockwise rotation of the spin texture within the microcavity plane (zero time is defined at the PL onset, see the full dynamics in supplementary video S1). (d-f) Theoretical simulations showing the circular Stokes vector of the spin whirls at: (d) 30 ps, (e) 45 ps and (f) 60 ps. The parameters used in the simulations are reported in Ref. [34]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-pseudospin-vector-s-t-blue-arrows-in-the-3aduv371.png Figure 3. The pseudospin vector S(t) (blue arrows) in the Poincaré sphere at: (a) the pump spot and (b) outside the pump. At the pump spot position, (a), S(t) precesses around the z-direction since |Ωz| > |ΩLT |. Outside the pump spot, (b), S(t) precess around ΩLT since |ΩLT | > |Ωz|.(c) Timeresolved, spatially integrated measurements of the two circular polarization components (Ψ+, red and Ψ−, blue) PL intensity, normalized and integrated over the area imaged in Figs. 1(a-c), i.e., (460 x 340 )µm2. In green we show the time resolved degree of circular polarization Sz averaged over an area (1.78 x1.78 )µm2, centered at (0, 0 )µm in Figs. 1(a-c), comparable with the 2 µm FWHM excitation spot. The blue solid circles annotated with (A), (B), (C) refer to the three snapshots of Figs. 1(a-c). https://scispace.com/papers/polarity-induced-oxygen-vacancies-at-laalo3-srtio3-jfdw46hc3n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-upper-panel-projection-of-the-ti-o-ti-oohs7j3f.png FIG. 4. Color online Upper panel: projection of the Ti-O-Ti separation along the z direction due to buckling for clean interfaces and when vacancies are formed at the p and at the n interface. Lower panel: formation energy of an oxygen vacancy as a function of the multilayer thickness for p and n interfaces in a 2 2 m+m LAO STO multilayer with relaxed structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-position-dependence-of-the-formation-9412jde0.png FIG. 3. Color online Position dependence of the formation energy of an oxygen vacancy in a 2 2 4+4 LAO STO multilayer relative to that of a vacancy in bulk STO horizontal dotted line calculated from first principles with relaxation. Black and gray symbols are for vacancies in AO and BO2 layers, respectively. The formation energy of an oxygen vacancy in bulk LAO is shown as a dashed horizontal line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-position-dependence-of-the-formation-2yjr6hfz.png FIG. 2. Color online Position dependence of the formation energy of an oxygen vacancy in a 2 2 4+4 LAO STO multilayer calculated from first principles without relaxation symbols and using an analytical capacitor model solid line . n and p interfaces are indicated by vertical blue and red dashed lines. A schematic of the capacitor model is shown in the upper panel. The electrostatic potential profile for the vacancy-free structure is shown as a dotted line. The vertical black line at a distance d from the n interface represents the oxygen vacancy layer. Two excess electrons are transferred to the TiO2 layer at the n interface shaded gray line . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-left-panel-the-unit-cell-of-a-2-2-4-4-lao-c66h18s1.png FIG. 1. Color online Left panel: the unit cell of a 2 2 4 +4 LAO STO multilayer with an oxygen vacancy at the p-type interface. Dark blue spheres represent oxygen atoms and the oxygen vacancy is marked by a white sphere. Charge density isosurfaces corresponding to a value of 0.015 e /Å3 for occupied states in the conduction bands are colored red. Right panel: plane-averaged charge density as a function of z for oxygen vacancies at p- full line/red or n- dotted line/blue type interfaces. https://scispace.com/papers/polarization-characteristics-of-photonic-quantum-ring-laser-3cmmhjhc65 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-plots-of-intensity-on-2d-surface-x-y-from-3d-1u7mvz9a.png FIG. 3. Color Plots of intensity on 2D surface x ,y from 3D spatial intensity distribution data a without polarizer, with b , c , d +45°, e +135° directional polarizers, and f summary of polarization states according to polar angle. Three red dots represent polarization states of unit vectors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-schematic-diagram-of-solid-angle-scanner-1tit7b2z.png FIG. 2. Color online Schematic diagram of solid-angle scanner SAS : The linear polarizer sweeps the polar angle as shown in a , while the polarizer orientations are indicated by the dotted arrows in b . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-sem-image-of-a-pqr-mesa-b-ccd-image-of-au3jma96.png FIG. 1. Color online a SEM image of a PQR mesa, b CCD image of the emission of the PQR laser, which has a diameter of 15 m, showing a bright peripheral ring I=10 A , and c PQR spectra measured at polar angles 10°, 20°, and 30°, respectively. We note that, when =0°, the PQR spectrum shows conspicuously sharp vertical line indicated as 0. https://scispace.com/papers/polarization-properties-of-dipolelike-defect-modes-in-46rdlfxket 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-polarization-f-iltered-pl-from-the-a-unprocessed-area-13ej2cuu.png Fig. 4. Polarization-f iltered PL from the (a) unprocessed area of the sample (no cavity), (b) S cavity, (c) X-split cavity, and (d) Y-split cavity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-of-the-polarization-selective-pl-measurement-1tul8gxg.png Fig. 3. Schematic of the polarization-selective PL measurement setup. The inset shows a projection of the PX and PY polarizer orientations onto a scanning electron microscope image of a fabricated defect cavity as it would be mounted in the PL setup. NBP, nonpolarizing beam splitter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-b-fdtd-generated-vector-field-patterns-of-the-1c8hjb31.png Fig. 2. (a), (b) FDTD-generated vector field patterns of the electric f ield within the symmetry plane of the slab waveguide for the x and y dipolelike modes. (c) Collection efficiency of the vertically emitted power versus collection half-angle (plot of the Ex intensity in the far f ield for the x dipolelike mode shown in the inset). FDTD simulations were performed with nslab 3.4, r a 0.30, and d a 0.55. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-cross-section-of-a-defect-cavity-in-a-2d-pc-slab-h5h4p279.png Fig. 1. (a) Cross section of a defect cavity in a 2D PC slab waveguide (WG). QWs, quantum wells. (b)–(d) PC cavity geometries with different symmetries. For operation at l 1.5 mm, the slab thickness, hole radius, and lattice spacing are roughly d 200 nm, r 175 nm, and a 500 nm, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/polarization-of-ultrashort-optical-pulses-in-semiconductor-1pdqsxqd9i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-electric-field-determined-by-the-equations-2-6-7-1hr1h3xf.png Fig. 3. Electric field determined by the equations (2, 6, 7) depending on constant magnetic field. Square lattice. The non-dimensionalized coordinate is plotted along the x-axis, the non-dimensionalized value of electric field (the unit is equal to 710 V/m) is plotted along the y-axis. Fig. a) the primary polarization field, fig. b) the orthogonal polarization field. The line b) indicates the magnetic field is 2 times greater than the lin a), the line c) indicates the magnetic field is 4 times greater than t e line a). v/c=0,95. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-electric-field-determined-by-the-equations-2-6-7-at-3h5l6xrz.png Fig. 2. Electric field determined by the equations (2, 6, 7) at different instants of time. The nondimensionalized coordinate is plotted along the x-axis, the non-dimensionalized value of electric field (the unit is equal to 710 V/m) is plotted along the y-axis. Fig. a) the primary polarization field, fig. b) the orthogonal polarization field. The line a) triangular lattice, the line b) square lattice. v/c=0,95. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-electric-field-determined-by-the-equations-2-6-7-at-5fqc5vtk.png Fig. 1. Electric field determined by the equations (2, 6, 7) at different instants of time. The nondimensionalized coordinate (the unit is equal to 4103 −• m) is plotted along the x-axis, the non-dimensionalized value of electric field (the unit is equal to 710 V/m) is plotted along the y-axis. Fig. a) the primary polarization field, fig. b) the orthogonal polarization field. The line b) indicates the time is 2 times greater than the line a), the line c) indicates the time is 3 times greater than the line a). v/c=0,95. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-electric-field-determined-by-the-equations-2-6-7-2vpofg4g.png Fig. 4. Electric field determined by the equations (2, 6, 7) depending on constant magnetic field. Triangular lattice. The non-dimensionalized coordinate is plotted along the x-axis, the non-dimensionalized value of electric field (the unit is equal to 710 V/m) is plotted along the y-axis. Fig. a) the primary polarization field, fig. b) the orthogonal polarization field. The line b) indicates the magnetic field is 2 times greater than the lin a), the line c) indicates the magnetic field is 4 times greater than t e line a). v/c=0,95. https://scispace.com/papers/polarization-selective-polymerization-in-a-photo-1zyy8aq9o6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-absorbance-spectra-of-the-dichroic-photoinitiator-1-1qs7lgo7.png Fig. 4 Absorbance spectra of the dichroic photoinitiator 1 aligned in the monomer mixture of 2 and 3 for linearly polarized light parallel (k) and perpendicular (t) to the director. Only partial absorption spectra are shown due to the absorption of the LC host 2 below 325 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/polarization-singular-structure-of-laser-images-of-2d2g6fgtt9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-coordinate-v4-m-x-n-0-a-b-c-and-quantitative-nl-x-u1grgrth.png Fig. 3. Coordinate V4(m × n) = 0 ((a), (b), (c)) and quantitative NL(x) distributions ((d), (e), (f)) of L states of polariza tion; autocorrelation functions KL(Δm) ((g), (h), (m)) and logJL – logd –1 dependencies ((n), (l), (o)) for power spectra J(NL) of the distribution NL(x) for laser images of the different types of PhILS 1 to 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-coordinate-v4-m-x-n-1-a-b-and-quantitative-nl-x-6xqh9d14.png Fig. 4. Coordinate V4(m × n) = 1 ((a), (b)), and quantitative NL(x) distributions ((c), (d)), of ±C states in polarization; autocorrelation functions K±C(Δm) (e), (f), and logJL – logd –1 dependencies ((g), (h)) for power spectra J(N±C) of the distribution N±C(x) for laser images of the of the different types of PhILS 2–3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-optical-scheme-of-the-polarimeter-1-he-ne-laser-2-2djvttwf.png Fig. 1. Optical scheme of the polarimeter: 1—He–Ne laser; 2—collimator; 3, 5, 8—quarter wave plates; 4, 9—polarizer and analyzer, respectively; 6—object under investigation; 7—micro objective; 10—CCD camera; 11—personal com puter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistical-correlation-and-fractal-parameters-for-4byqcuz1.png Table 1. Statistical, correlation and fractal parameters for the distribution of the amount of polarization singular states in laser images of PhILS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-coordinate-distributions-v4-m-x-n-of-laser-images-jl8guww0.png Fig. 2. Coordinate distributions V4(m × n) of laser images inherent to PhILS: (a) superficial skin epithelium layer; (b) superficial epithelium layer and subsurface dermal layer; (c) bulk collagen net of skin dermal layer (τ = 1.5). https://scispace.com/papers/polarized-absorption-spectra-of-single-walled-4-a-carbon-10s7xjlz9l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-calculated-energy-band-structures-for-a-zigzag-5-0-b-3kmauitt.png FIG. 4. Calculated energy band structures for (a) zigzag (5, 0), (b) armchair (3, 3), and (c) chiral (4, 2) nanotubes; the Fermi level is at 0. The number shown in the figure is the order of the energy levels counted from the bottom. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-polarized-optical-absorption-spectra-of-the-2ek2bbcy.png FIG. 3. The polarized optical absorption spectra of the SWNTcontaining AFI crystal. The curves labeled by u 0± and u 90± are for the E k c and the E c polarization configurations, respectively. The dotted curve (bottom) is the spectrum of the AFI crystal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hrtem-image-of-the-swnts-the-nanotubes-were-moved-out-3vjwiyfy.png FIG. 2. HRTEM image of the SWNTs. The nanotubes were moved out from the AFI channels and dispersed on a carbon lacey film for the TEM observation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-allowed-dipole-transitions-of-tubes-50-33-and-42-3s7blakf.png TABLE I. Allowed dipole transitions of tubes (5,0), (3,3), and (4,2) corresponding to the absorption bands S, A, B, and C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-framework-structure-of-an-afi-single-crystal-3b16vwem.png FIG. 1. (a) The framework structure of an AFI single crystal viewed along the [001] direction. (b) A schematic show of the AFI single crystal and light polarization configuration. https://scispace.com/papers/polarized-light-detection-in-spiders-1zejaa4zlr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-simple-eyes-of-spiders-are-named-after-their-13mknxcm.png Fig. 1. The simple eyes of spiders are named after their relative position on the head. The comparative size and layout of the anteriomedian (AM), anterio-lateral (AL), posterio-median (PM) and posterio-lateral (PL) eyes does, however, vary with species. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-structure-of-the-posterio-median-eye-of-drassodes-1x5dv02j.png Fig. 6. Structure of the posterio-median eye of Drassodes cupreus. (A) Tangential section (light micrograph; scale bar, 1 µm) through the retina of the PM eye revealing a regular rhabdomeral arrangement. (B) Electron micrograph of the boxed region in A, showing the parallel microvillar arrangement found over the bigger part of the retina. Scale bar, 500 nm. (C) Drawing of the ‘canoe-shaped tapetum’ and the retina, with one possible path of light through the eye (arrow). The front end of the eye is cut off to expose interior structures. (Modified from Dacke et al., 1999.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-averaged-responses-of-wolf-spiders-to-the-stimulus-28lbtqtc.png Fig. 3. Averaged responses of wolf spiders to the stimulus described in Fig. 2. Responses before (open columns) and after (grey columns) rotation of either a neutral density filter (control) or a polarizer (test) are shown for either clockwise (N=9) or counterclockwise (N=11) rotation of the filter. In both cases, P values show the statistical significance of the difference in rotational response of the spider (Student’s paired t-test). Values are means ± S.E.M. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-diagram-of-the-apparatus-used-to-demonstrate-that-a-1kus2b5n.png Fig. 2. (A) Diagram of the apparatus used to demonstrate that a dorsal region of the field of view is used for polarization analysis by lycosids. (B) Raw responses of spiders (Pardosa tristis) to rotation of a polarizer (right) and a neutral density filter (left). The filled circles indicate the starting point of the spider. The arrowheads indicate the commencement of filter rotation. For further details, see text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-polarization-of-light-measured-in-the-reflection-o2tlgbyz.png Table 2. The polarization of light measured in the reflection from secondary eyes in nine families of spiders with canoeshaped or grid-shaped tapeta https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-fields-of-view-of-the-left-set-of-secondary-eyes-of-2kfprd9t.png Fig. 8. Fields of view of the left set of secondary eyes of Drassodes cupreus. The fields are plotted onto a globe with the spider at the centre. The pole of the grid is straight up, and the one-ended arrow marks the longitudinal axis of the spider. The two-ended arrows indicate the direction of polarization to which each of the three eyes is most sensitive. Note the large and almost circular field of view of the posterio-median eye. AL, anterio-lateral; PL, posterio-lateral; PM, posterio-median. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-light-micrograph-showing-transverse-sections-through-2cbsxk25.png Fig. 4. Light micrograph showing transverse sections through the ventral anterio-median retina of a lycosid wolf spider (species A). (A) Low-power view, showing type 1 receptors (1) and both distal (2d) and proximal (2p) type 2 receptors from the tiered region. The blind strip (bl) between these layers in clearly visible in this section. Scale bar, 55 µm. D, dorsal; L, lateral. (B) A higher power view of the tiered region, showing orthogonal type 2 receptors in the distal (d) and proximal (p) layers and longitudinal, vertically extended intermediate segments of the distal receptors (arrowheads). Scale bar, 25 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-dimensions-and-inter-receptor-angles-ph-for-the-moyp8t9v.png Table 1. Mean dimensions and inter-receptor angles (∆φ) for the three photoreceptor types (type 1 and both proximal and distal layers of tiered type 2 receptors) in the principal eyes of four lycosid species https://scispace.com/papers/polarization-phase-gate-with-a-tripod-atomic-system-23klnoy8yt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-probe-absorption-and-dispersionxsd1d-e0xp-snumpu2d-2y6dc82x.png FIG. 3. Probe absorption and dispersionxsd1d ="e0xP/ sNumPu2d=sr10/VPdssfg−1g (upper frame) vs the probe detuning d1/g whend3=10.02g andd2=10g. Trigger absorption and dispersionxsd3d="e0xT/ sNumTu2dsr30/VTdssfg−1g (lower frame) vs the trigger detuningd3/g when d1=10.01g and d2=10g. In both cases we take the Rabi frequencies asVP=VT=g, V=4.5g. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-probe-absorption-scaled-at-the-center-of-probe-g1tnjihq.png FIG. 4. Probe absorption(scaled) at the center of probe transparency window, plotted against the dephasing rate, forVP=VT =g, V=4.5g, d j =0. https://scispace.com/papers/polarized-electron-elastic-scattering-asymmetries-in-su-2-u-it0n9n424b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-s-31htgjki.png Fig. 2 s https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3crl31zm.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/papers/polarized-neutron-spectrometer-development-and-experiments-uta51sl7o0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distribution-of-reciprr-al-lattice-vector-lengths-and-1m77ic85.png Fig. 2. Distribution of reciprr al ' lattice vector lengths and directions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fundamental-unit-of-the-polarizing-multilayer-1vg44yyq.png Fig. 3. Fundamental unit of the polarizing multilayer spectrometer^ https://scispace.com/papers/polarized-t-cell-sensitivity-to-antigen-revealed-with-an-50pz76qk2z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-localized-t-cell-response-to-icr-stimulation-2j7m91cz.png Table 1. Localized T-cell response to ICR stimulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-optical-trapping-ofb-cell-revealsfunctionalpolarity-3ekcuhub.png Figure 1. Optical trapping ofB cell revealsfunctionalpolarity of T-cell. https://scispace.com/papers/polarizer-design-for-millimeter-wave-plasma-diagnostics-28crxdq4dp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-measurement-of-the-electric-field-ex-triangles-ey-1u8v1cu2.png FIG. 5. Measurement of the electric field Ex (triangles), Ey (diamonds), and the phase, α, between Ex and Ey (circles). The symbols represent the measurements, and the solid lines show the calculation. The best fit between measurements and calculations was found for ψ = 77.5◦ in the calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-measurement-of-the-electric-field-ex-triangles-ey-36q1o66r.png FIG. 6. Measurement of the electric field Ex (triangles), Ey (diamonds), and the phase, α, between Ex and Ey (circles). The symbols represent the measurements, and the solid lines show the calculation. The best fit between measurements and calculations was found for ψ = 87◦ in the calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-transmission-of-the-sapphire-window-for-o-mode-black-2x6qderk.png FIG. 7. Transmission of the sapphire window for o-mode (black) and x-mode (grey) with suprasil windows as anti-reflection layer. The transmission in the wavelength range of interest (100–110 GHz) is calculated to be better than 99%. Losses in the sapphire are not considered in this calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-linearly-polarized-x-direction-microwave-beam-98-ghz-99y874d4.png FIG. 4. A linearly polarized (x-direction) microwave beam (98 GHz) with a beam waist of 28 mm was focussed by means of a focusing mirror to a beam waist of 7.8 mm. A two-channel heterodyne detector was used to measure the electric field components Ex and Ey and the phase shift, α, in between. Test windows can be placed at A and B and rotated around the z-axis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-refractive-indices-of-sapphire-suprasil-and-hdpe-at-3j2r0w9v.png TABLE I. Refractive indices of sapphire, suprasil, and HDPE at room temperature. Here, tan(δ) is the ratio of the imaginary and the real part of the dielectric susceptibility. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sapphire-is-a-birefringent-material-and-can-be-used-3acmqthr.png FIG. 1. Sapphire is a birefringent material and can be used for polarization purposes. The inherent optical axis lies within the window plane (a-cut). α symbolizes the phase shift between Ex and Ey of Eout. α = ψ , if φ = 0 and the electric field components Ex and Ey of Ein are in phase. The dashed arrows depict the principal axes and the local coordinate system of the window if it is rotated around the z-axis by the angle . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-photos-of-the-grooved-hdpe-window-left-and-the-2j6ldau3.png FIG. 3. Photos of the grooved HDPE window (left) and the sapphire window with anti-reflection coatings mounted in an optical holder (right). The diameter of the HDPE window is 90 mm, and the diameter of the sapphire window is 25 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-staggered-hdpe-plates-can-serve-as-birefringent-window-11kwigri.png FIG. 2. Staggered HDPE plates can serve as birefringent window and be used for polarization purposes. α symbolizes the phase shift between Ex and Ey of Eout. The bi-directional arrows indicate the grooved section of the material. The center section between the bi-directional arrows does not contribute to polarization effects. https://scispace.com/papers/polaron-dynamics-in-thin-polythiophene-films-studied-with-3edp8qsij2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chemical-structure-of-a-the-conducting-polymer-mixture-2ncuc6pm.png Fig. 1 Chemical structure of a) the conducting polymer mixture PEDT:PSS and b) P3HT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-2d-plot-of-2ppe-spectra-as-a-function-of-pump-probe-y6jyceoq.png Fig. 2 2D-plot of 2PPE spectra as a function of pump-probe delay of a 24 nm P3HT film on PEDT:PSS. For positive delays, the VIS pulse (hν1 = 2.1 eV) arrives at the surface before the UV pulse (hν2 = 4.2 eV), therefore the unoccupied intermediate state labeled as state A is VIS-pumped and UV-probed. The spectrum on the right corresponds to a cut at zero time delay. The bottom panel shows cross correlation trace for the energy region of state A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-energetic-position-of-the-polaron-in-p3ht-observed-in-3pg7y4sh.png Fig. 3 Energetic position of the polaron in P3HT observed in the present study. The Fermi level of PEDT:PSS serves as reference. https://scispace.com/papers/polaronic-orbital-polarization-in-a-layered-colossal-nr9erbzu7t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-diffuse-scattering-data-from-the-h-0-l-section-olo7xujm.png FIG. 3. Diffuse scattering data from the~h 0 l! section surrounding the~2 0 0! Bragg reflection at 120 K. The format is identical to that of Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-calculated-and-experimental-x-ray-36-kev-diffuse-19zhfp5e.png FIG. 2. Calculated and experimental x-ray~36 keV! diffuse scattering data from the~h 0 l! sections surrounding the~2 0 0! Bragg reflection @panels~a!–~c!# and the~1 0 17! Bragg reflection @panels~d!–~f!# at room temperature. Panels~a! and ~d! contain experimental patterns, where panels ~b! and ~c! contain calculated patterns Panels~c! and ~f! are identical to~b! and ~e! except that artificial noise has been added at experimentally observed noise level in order provide a more realistic comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-illustration-of-the-correlated-local-displacements-t-1iticzdm.png FIG. 4. Illustration of the correlated local displacements t comprise the Jahn-Teller distortions giving rise to the observed fuse scattering patterns at~a! 300 K and~b! 120 K. The occupiedeg orbitals inferred from the displacement patterns are also shown https://scispace.com/papers/policing-congestion-response-in-an-internetwork-using-re-37lf0twc1k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-truth-telling-incentives-3fl1bx9u.png Figure 4: Truth telling incentives https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-penalising-misbehaviour-under-uncertainty-o0lds7mk.png Figure 5: Penalising misbehaviour under uncertainty https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-typical-simulated-distributions-of-dpm-at-the-1z9685ec.png Figure 6: Typical simulated distributions of DPM at the destination from honest (top) and dishonest (bottom) sources, also showing proportion of penalised traffic (note log scale). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-truncation-discrimination-with-a-10-and-b-50-of-2j1nqok5.png Figure 8: Truncation discrimination with a) 10% and b) 50% of sources dishonest ∆ρ0c = −0.1 + 0.1 ramp (note: no focused dropper). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-notation-for-path-characterisation-metrics-m-and-27c5ej3q.png Figure 1: Notation for path characterisation metrics m and headers h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-network-flows-carrying-unloaded-delay-in-packet-38jdb53m.png Figure 2: Network flows carrying unloaded delay in packet headers. a) With classic feedback, sources initialise headers to 255. b) With re-feedback over the same network, sources set headers so as to reach 16 at the destination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effect-of-dropper-smoothing-on-truncation-rate-for-3e150hcg.png Figure 7: Effect of dropper smoothing on truncation rate for honest flows from lower, mid & upper RTT ranges (note: no focused dropper) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-functions-g-f-required-to-implement-re-feedback-3f4vr9df.png Table 1: The functions g(·) & f(·) required to implement re-feedback and ρ(·) to exploit it, summarising results from §2 & Appendix A, where notation is formally defined. https://scispace.com/papers/policies-and-practices-for-entrepreneurial-education-the-2tizgxxwpx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-thrust-3-kpi-empowering-entrepreneurial-development-3nzjwm1s.png TABLE 4. THRUST 3 KPI (EMPOWERING ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-thrust-1-kpi-empowering-entrepreneurship-centres-in-3jimldrn.png TABLE 2. THRUST 1 KPI (EMPOWERING ENTREPRENEURSHIP CENTRES IN EVERY HEI) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-thrust-2-kpi-provide-holistic-and-well-planned-1dpafmq6.png TABLE 3. THRUST 2 KPI (PROVIDE HOLISTIC AND WELL-PLANNED ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATION AND PROGRAMMES) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-strategic-plan-on-entrepreneurship-development-in-xpgy8eqf.png TABLE 1: STRATEGIC PLAN ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION (2013-2015) KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-thrust-6-kpi-increase-the-effect-of-the-yxtljgkd.png TABLE 7. THRUST 6 KPI (INCREASE THE EFFECT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HEIs’ ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-thrust-5-kpi-provide-a-conducive-environment-and-2byttuql.png TABLE 6. THRUST 5 KPI (PROVIDE A CONDUCIVE ENVIRONMENT AND ECOSYSTEM FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-thrust-4-kpi-enhance-the-competency-of-heis-3uj4ky65.png TABLE 5. THRUST 4 KPI (ENHANCE THE COMPETENCY OF HEIs’ ENTREPRENEURSHIP TRAINERS AND FACILITATORS) https://scispace.com/papers/policy-analysis-of-water-availability-and-use-issues-for-a3v70ics2f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-water-use-estimates-for-100000-bpd-oil-shale-1sna6oqi.png Table 1 Water Use Estimates for 100,000 BPD Oil Shale Production Facilities https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-beneficial-uses-within-the-colorado-river-west-29ec4eh1.png Table 7 Beneficial Uses Within the Colorado River West Watershed Management Unit489 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-causes-of-impairment-to-the-colorado-river-3jtqkhvw.png Figure 11 Causes of Impairment to the Colorado River Southeast WMU https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-colorado-river-basin-253-nwgcf8dt.png Figure 7 Colorado River Basin 253 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-3s46kcec.png Table 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-oil-shale-production-process6-qtyrlnsw.png Figure 1 Oil Shale Production Process6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-water-oil-shale-resources-within-the-uinta-basin149-r9rv3hua.png Figure 4 Water & Oil Shale Resources Within the Uinta Basin149 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-reconstructed-streamflows-at-lees-ferry266-3tjihvyq.png Figure 8 Reconstructed Streamflows at Lee’s Ferry266 https://scispace.com/papers/policy-and-concentration-of-activities-the-case-of-dutch-pw7sebne85 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-table-of-chi-squared-statistics-significant-values-1en3x2r9.png Table 3. Table of chi-squared statistics. Significant values at p < 0.01 are starred. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unspecialized-regions-a-counter-factual-1svy51v0.png Table 2. Unspecialized regions, a counter-factual. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-publications-citations-and-collaborations-of-leading-1mnlgmxp.png Table 1. Publications, citations and collaborations of leading Dutch nanotechnology Regions. Publications are fractionated as described in Cunningham and Werker, forthcoming. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-central-organizations-in-the-network-27ovarlx.png Table 4. Central organizations in the network. https://scispace.com/papers/policy-coherency-and-regime-complexes-the-case-of-genetic-4qvkjbaa41 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-linking-policy-coherence-and-regime-complexes-1o6ishka.png Figure 2. Linking policy coherence and regime complexes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-genetic-resources-complex-3us1bvss.png Figure 3. The genetic resources complex https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-percentage-of-observers-from-selected-countries-and-2mzryeb9.png Table 4. Percentage of observers from selected countries and total number, all fora included, two-year intervals and average value https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-number-of-multi-fora-non-state-actors-and-duration-whdim5qp.png Table 5. Number of multi-fora non-state actors and duration of their attendance to the complex https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chi-2-distance-with-submissions-presented-in-other-1r6y90ff.png Table 1. Chi 2 distance with submissions presented in other fora https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-governmental-procedural-coherence-on-the-issue-of-wfwsaky3.png Table 2. Governmental procedural coherence on the issue of genetic resources, first indicator https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-governmental-procedural-coherence-on-the-issue-of-2jbrxyll.png Table 3. Governmental procedural coherence on the issue of genetic resources, second indicator https://scispace.com/papers/policy-based-integration-of-provenance-metadata-4usq687r06 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-number-of-open-provenance-model-used-edges-2ien65j2.png Figure 3. The number of Open Provenance Model used edges generated by different aggregation policies over time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-provenance-of-a-gadu-record-requires-the-3747bcq9.png Figure 1. The provenance of a GADU record requires the integration of provenance from manual curation in data banks, the GADU components, the workflow system, and the operating system on numerous machines. https://scispace.com/papers/policy-development-and-implementation-for-disability-1jo489n9ql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tier-2-government-disability-specialist-agency-3n79219q.png Table 2 Tier 2 Government disability specialist agency policy document content https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tier-1-nsw-government-policy-document-content-2zdgs4bc.png Table 1 Tier 1 NSW Government policy document content https://scispace.com/papers/policy-driven-business-management-over-web-services-3mrx4a8vgk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-process-execution-model-1vq8y70d.png Figure 3. The process execution model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-services-map-to-tasks-2espfb8v.png Figure 1. Services map to Tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-operators-2ydcle8m.png Figure 2. Operators. https://scispace.com/papers/policy-externalities-how-us-antidumping-affects-japanese-4tafmyota9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-estimated-impact-of-us-adds-on-japanese-export-3ehacdvh.png Table 3: The Estimated Impact of US ADDs on Japanese Export Values and Prices in the EU, 1992-2001 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-estimated-impact-of-us-adds-on-japanese-export-3asvt7m7.png Table 4: The Estimated Impact of US ADDs on Japanese Export Values to the US and EU for Steel versus Non-Steel Products, 1992-2001 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-japanese-export-values-and-prices-when-japanese-8whfm771.png Figure 1: Japanese Export Values and Prices when Japanese Products are Hit by US ADDs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-japanese-export-values-and-prices-when-eu-products-2q3gulr4.png Figure 2: Japanese Export Values and Prices when EU Products are Hit by US ADDs https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-products-exported-by-japan-that-were-subject-to-a-us-184cpqt8.png Table 1: Products Exported by Japan that were subject to a US ADD, 1992-2001 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-estimated-impact-of-us-adds-on-japanese-export-3mzaekpc.png Table 2: The Estimated Impact of US ADDs on Japanese Export Values to the US, 1992-2001 https://scispace.com/papers/policy-induced-technology-adoption-evidence-from-the-us-lead-4zi3k3gpkx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cost-of-isomerization-equipment-3ndatncs.png Figure 2. Cost of Isomerization Equipment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cumulative-adoption-of-isomerization-1s9onx42.png Figure 1. Cumulative Adoption of Isomerization https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-variable-definitions-and-descriptive-statistics-8j6nu7es.png Table 4. Variable Definitions and Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-small-refinery-standards-for-lead-phasedown-1swnsm1n.png Table 2. Small Refinery Standards for Lead Phasedown https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-definition-of-geographical-regions-2saas8my.png Table 3. Definition of Geographical Regions https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-influence-of-refinery-characteristics-on-lead-permit-30ip8q5n.png Table 5. Influence of Refinery Characteristics on Lead Permit Selling https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-technology-adoption-response-to-regulatory-and-2s1mndj3.png Table 6. Technology Adoption Response to Regulatory and Market Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-federal-standards-for-lead-phasedown-qaai1680.png Table 1. Federal Standards for Lead Phasedown https://scispace.com/papers/policy-positions-of-bureaucrats-at-the-front-lines-are-they-1yknp54xnh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effects-of-communication-on-bureaucrats-policy-168gn4qo.png Figure 1. Effects of Communication on Bureaucrats’ Policy Position, Studies 1, 2, and 3 Mean Policy Position by Experimental Group https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frame-and-cue-effects-xt9c4pic.png Table 2. Frame and Cue Effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-four-studies-wmmxxc01.png Table 1. Overview of the four studies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effects-of-cues-and-framing-on-bureaucrats-policy-bshl9nxv.png Figure 2. Effects of Cues and Framing on Bureaucrats’ Policy Position, Study 4 Mean Policy Position by Experimental Group https://scispace.com/papers/policy-support-to-commercialisation-and-europe-s-5aw0j7cp8i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-short-description-of-the-surveyed-measures-7zoqmce1.png Table 1: Short description of the surveyed measures https://scispace.com/papers/political-business-cycles-and-central-bank-independence-514awu1sqg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pooled-estimation-nosb1th9.png Table 1 Pooled estimation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-of-equation-17-full-sample-excepting-va6i31ow.png Table 2 Estimation of equation (17), full sample excepting Ireland https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-p-values-of-joint-hypothesis-tests-3ld6hvop.png Table 3 p-values of Joint Hypothesis Tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simulated-output-trajectories-3twletji.png Figure 1. Simulated Output Trajectories https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simulated-output-trajectories-29c6k886.png Figure 1. Simulated Output Trajectories https://scispace.com/papers/political-autonomy-and-independence-theory-and-experimental-3cyxb07oa8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-utility-functions-for-citizens-of-both-types-1nrw9yjt.png Figure 2. Utility functions for citizens of both types https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-payoffs-in-the-three-treatments-of-the-sc9oh39s.png Table 1. The payoffs in the three treatments of the experiment https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-citizens-voting-behaviour-strongly-concave-treatment-3lvb753z.png Table 4. Citizens’ voting behaviour (strongly concave treatment) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-citizens-voting-behaviour-weakly-concave-treatment-30stvphs.png Table 2. Citizens’ voting behaviour (weakly concave treatment) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-citizens-voting-behaviour-medium-concave-treatment-2c3t9mch.png Table 3. Citizens’ voting behaviour (medium concave treatment) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-payoff-functions-in-the-experiment-6qvzl577.png Figure 5. Payoff functions in the experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ethno-political-conflict-in-the-world-1vo34ft2.png Figure 1. Ethno-political conflict in the world https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-average-aggregate-contribution-to-conflict-3q0648dn.png Figure 7. Average aggregate contribution to conflict https://scispace.com/papers/political-competition-and-state-capacity-evidence-from-a-1ea12tz9y3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-distance-of-new-land-granted-and-political-1wklmncr.png Table 8: Distance of new land granted and political competition: State-specific trends and strength of rural elites https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-spatial-distribution-of-ejidos-and-computation-of-bcodqiud.png Figure A-1: Spatial distribution of ejidos and computation of distances https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distance-of-new-land-granted-and-political-3xhaljl9.png Table 2: Distance of new land granted and political competition: Baseline results for different distance measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-classification-of-opposition-parties-1m1kbvx0.png Table A-2: Classification of opposition parties https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-distance-from-municipality-head-and-taqwcuhi.png Table A-1: Distance from municipality head and contemporaneous public good and service delivery https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-6-distance-of-new-land-granted-and-political-n6yh2013.png Table A-6: Distance of new land granted and political competition: Results using distance of ejido from municipality head via DCW roads https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-distance-of-new-land-granted-political-competition-3mwpspjc.png Table 9: Distance of new land granted, political competition and discontent https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-5-distance-of-new-land-granted-and-political-1g7tha62.png Table A-5: Distance of new land granted and political competition: https://scispace.com/papers/political-connections-and-minority-shareholder-protection-5cd6gmpu21 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-difference-in-cumulative-abnormal-returns-by-degree-3j0k182z.png TABLE 4: Difference in Cumulative Abnormal Returns by Degree of Expropriation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sample-descriptive-statistics-by-expropriation-2pme19hp.png TABLE 2: Sample Descriptive Statistics by Expropriation Terciles https://scispace.com/papers/political-economy-and-governance-2fhkcjpx3e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-williamsons-economics-of-institutions-applied-to-7t5m9ocf.png Figure 2: Williamson’s ‘economics of institutions’ applied to the resources sector https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-contributions-by-resource-developers-and-third-1v0l8jfj.png Figure 3: Contributions by resource developers and third parties to the ‘economics of institutions’ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-williamsons-economics-of-institutions-2nbouau1.png Figure 1: Williamson’s ‘economics of institutions’ https://scispace.com/papers/politics-unemployment-and-the-enforcement-of-immigration-law-4ncytb6m63 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-determinants-of-whether-a-firm-was-found-in-1guwkdf6.png Table 4. Determinants of whether a firm was found in violation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-total-audits-31nm87p1.png Figure 1. Total Audits https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-audits-per-capita-26bkvlkw.png Figure 2. Audits Per Capita https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-determinants-of-the-fine-in-logs-issued-2zpm7w0v.png Table 6. Determinants of the fine (in logs) issued https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-data-1bf9tqe1.png Table 2. Summary Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-determinants-of-the-percent-fine-reduction-2duw6xur.png Table 7. Determinants of the Percent Fine Reduction https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-determinants-of-whether-a-firm-was-fined-8sjnd3ts.png Table 5. Determinants of whether a firm was fined https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-audit-outcomes-3pj3m8cq.png Table 1. Audit Outcomes† https://scispace.com/papers/politicization-during-the-2012-u-s-presidential-elections-2ie2ad6sfr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multiple-regression-model-predicting-engagement-in-1rerl775.png Table 3. Multiple Regression Model Predicting Engagement in Party Action From Identity Content Overlap at T1 and T2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-total-personal-and-politicized-identity-content-7vay71vl.png Figure 1. Total personal and politicized identity content overlap for politicizing and unpoliticized participants, over time. Standard errors are represented in the figure by the 95% confidence interval around the estimate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-logistic-regression-model-predicting-shift-in-self-1bnz3qy8.png Table 2. Logistic Regression Model Predicting Shift in Self-Labeled Politicization From Identity Content Overlap at T1 and T2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-repeated-measures-anova-with-one-within-factor-time-2fjm3z6p.png Table 1. Repeated-Measures ANOVA With One Within Factor (Time: 1 vs. 2 vs. 3) and One Between Factor (Politicization: Politicizing vs. Unpoliticized labelers), Exploring Personal and Politicized Identity Content, Including Means (Standard Deviations) and Omnibus F Values (Partial Eta Squared). https://scispace.com/papers/pollen-spectrum-of-honey-of-apis-mellifera-l-and-stingless-40nm1tt0jk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-grouping-analysis-by-the-upgma-method-showing-2pdrd78t.png Figure 6. Grouping analysis by the UPGMA method showing preference of different bee species to the flora. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-pollen-types-per-family-identified-in-ku2ryo2e.png Figure 2. Number of pollen types per family identified in honey samples of Apis mellifera and different species of stingless bees from the semi-arid region of Bahia, Brazil. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geographic-location-of-the-study-site-where-samples-97ixzbtb.png Figure 1. Geographic location of the study site, where samples of honey samples were collected in the semi-arid region of Bahia, Brazil. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-photomicrography-of-predominant-pollen-pp-types-in-26qmukmj.png Figure 3. Photomicrography of predominant pollen (PP) types in Apis mellifera honey and stingless bees from the semi-arid region of Bahia, being EV (equatorial view) and PV (polar view). A, B. Anacardiaceae: Schinus, A. Polar view. B. Equatorial view. C. Fabaceae: Chamaecrista 1 (EV). D. Fabaceae: Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (PV). E. Fabaceae: Mimosa pudica (PV). F. Fabaceae: Mimosa tenuiflora (PV). G. Fabaceae: Prosopis (PV). H. Fabaceae: Senna (EV). I. Malvaceae: Waltheria (PV). J. Myrtaceae: Psidium (PV). K. Rubiaceae: Borreria (PV). L. Solanaceae: Solanum (EV). Scale bars – 10 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-photomicrography-of-secondary-pollen-sp-types-in-2ightw2o.png Figure 4. Photomicrography of secondary pollen (SP) types in Apis mellifera honey and stingless bees from the semi-arid region of Bahia, being EV (equatorial view) and PV (polar view). A. Anacardiaceae: Spondias (EV). B. Asteraceae: Gochnatia (PV). C. Cucurbitaceae: Cucurbitaceae type (PV). D. Fabaceae: Acacia (PV). E. Fabaceae: Chamaecrista 2 (EV). F. Fabaceae: Mimosoideae type (PV). G. Malpighiaceae: Malpighiaceae type (PV). H. Poaceae: Poaceae type (EV). I. Portulacaceae: Portulaca (PV). J. Rubiaceae: Rubiaceae type (EV). K. Rubiaceae type (PV). L. Verbenaceae: Lantana (PV). Scale bars – 10 μm. https://scispace.com/papers/pollen-based-biome-reconstructions-over-the-past-18-000-5e0p3vcns3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-the-two-pollen-sites-bambili-lezine-et-2zbhve7q.png Figure 1. Location of the two pollen sites: Bambili (Lézine et al., 2013a) and Rusaka (Bonnefille 88   et al., 1995); Guineo-Congolian forests (blue): rain forest (dark blue), deciduous forests (medium 89   blue) and mosaic of forest and savanna (light blue). Sudanian, Zambezian savannas, Sahelian and 90   Somalia-Masai steppes and deserts (yellow) (White, 1983). Arrows indicate the direction of main 91   wind flow at 925 hPa in winter (left) and summer (right). 92   The Burundi highlands are a part of the Albertine Rift Mountains that enclose the western 93   branch of the East African Rift, following a roughly North-South direction. The mountain ranges 94   include high mountains, such as the Virunga Mountains (4507 m) and the Rwenzori Mountains 95   (5109 m). These altitudes are not reached in Burundi where the highest peak reaches 2684 m 96   only. Rusaka is a swamp lying at 3°26’ S, 29°37’ E and 2070 m in altitude (Figure 1). The 97 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-plant-functional-types-proposed-for-the-west-and-2jt6vla6.png Table 1. Plant functional types proposed for the west and east African areas 114 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-west-and-east-african-biomes-and-their-3pgh8lm6.png Table 2. West and east African biomes and their characteristic plant functional types (PFTs), 131   main phytogeographical affinities and main vegetation types (White, 1983) 132 https://scispace.com/papers/pollutant-dispersion-in-the-urban-environment-3r9obibkg3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3d-rendering-of-the-dapple-top-simplec-bottom-left-and-hdum8saz.png Fig 1. 3D rendering of the DAPPLE (top), SimpleC (bottom-left) and SimpleV (bottom-right) models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spatially-averaged-velocity-profiles-for-the-six-7uf88igf.png Fig 2. Spatially averaged velocity profiles for the six experimental cases (two models: SimpleC – T04, T05 and T06 – and SimpleV – T13, T14 and T15; and three wind directions: 0 - T04, T13 - 90 - T05, T14 - and 45 degrees - T06, T15). Wind tunnel results (left) and CFD simulations (right). https://scispace.com/papers/polling-models-with-multi-phase-gated-service-3j86glw15v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-exact-and-approximated-values-e-3v3tyotk.png Table 7. Exact and approximated values E https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-approximated-and-optimal-values-of-the-interleaving-1c3ghejn.png Table 10. Approximated and optimal values of the interleaving level K. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-approximated-and-optimal-values-of-the-interleaving-2tp8ukv4.png Table 11. Approximated and optimal values of the interleaving level K. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-exact-and-approximated-values-e-wi-i-1-5-for-1zu1mdeo.png Table 4. Exact and approximated values E [Wi] (i = 1, 5) for different values of the load for an asymmetric seven-queue model (r = 1.6). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-exact-and-approximated-values-e-wi-i-1-5-for-2fh2arcu.png Table 5. Exact and approximated values E [Wi] (i = 1, 5) for different values of the load for an asymmetric seven-queue model (r = 16). https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-approximated-and-optimal-values-of-k-3u574zs2.png Table 9. Approximated and optimal values of K. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-approximated-and-optimal-values-of-the-interleaving-395k4sk7.png Table 8. Approximated and optimal values of the interleaving level K. https://scispace.com/papers/polling-the-face-prediction-and-consensus-across-cultures-2vofmsp3wc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-principal-components-factor-solutions-with-varimax-3qndybgg.png Table 1 Principal Components Factor Solutions With Varimax Rotation for American and Japanese Participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-disattenuated-correlations-for-traits-and-composites-2khr0bou.png Table 3 Disattenuated Correlations for Traits and Composites by Targets Across Cultures Based on Ratings in Studies 1–4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-standardized-parameter-estimates-s-and-t-statistics-2wzoviri.png Table 4 Standardized Parameter Estimates ( s) and t-Statistics for the Influence of Power, Warmth, Affect, and Attractiveness on the Percentage of Votes That Japanese Candidates Received in the 2000 Diet Election https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-partial-correlations-controlling-for-affect-and-xlmbs0dm.png Table 6 Partial Correlations (Controlling for Affect and Attractiveness) and Meta-Analytic Comparisons for the Relationships Between the Trait Composites (Power and Warmth) With Participants’ Voting Judgments in Studies 3 and 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-standardized-parameter-estimates-s-and-t-statistics-1f24s8vy.png Table 5 Standardized Parameter Estimates ( s) and t-Statistics for the Influence of Participants’ Voting Judgments in Studies 3 and 4 on the Percentage of Votes That U.S. and Japanese Candidates Received https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameter-estimates-s-and-t-statistics-for-the-2usdzvub.png Table 2 Parameter Estimates ( s) and t-Statistics for the Influence of Power, Warmth, Affect, and Attractiveness on the Percentage of Votes That U.S. Candidates Received in the 2006 Senate Election https://scispace.com/papers/poloidal-trapping-of-the-high-frequency-alfven-continuum-and-5481czkk6h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-locations-of-mirnov-coils-3pdj6fns.png Figure 7. Locations of Mirnov coils. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-alfven-continuum-near-a-crossing-of-two-gaps-one-of-1bhrsgtj.png Figure 4. Alfvén continuum near a crossing of two gaps, one of them being twice wider than the other: ²ψψg1 = ² ψψ g2 = 0, ² ψψ c1 = 0.1, ² ψψ c2 = 0.05, L = 20. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-alfven-continuum-near-a-crossing-of-two-gaps-of-2fbpiiq3.png Figure 3. Alfvén continuum near a crossing of two gaps of equal width: ²ψψg1 = ² ψψ g2 = 0, ²ψψc1 = ² ψψ c2 = 0.05, L = 20. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-alfven-continuum-in-w7-as-shot-54937-dots-the-1p3ohw16.png Figure 11. The Alfvén continuum in W7-AS shot # 54937. Dots, the continuum; the gaps are labelled with the corresponding numbers (µ, ν). The region where the calculations are not reliable is hatched. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-frequency-spectrum-of-mirnov-signals-in-w7-as-shot-nbh67prq.png Figure 8. Frequency spectrum of Mirnov signals in W7-AS shot # 54937 vs time. Upper panel, coil 1; lower panel, coil 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-alfven-continuum-in-w7-as-shot-no-56936-1yi0iyde.png Figure 1. Alfvén continuum in W7-AS shot No. 56936. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-spatial-distributions-of-the-poloidal-component-of-upj0b9ig.png Figure 9. Spatial distributions of the poloidal component of the perturbed magnetic field – solid red dots show the probe positions. Left: φ = 129◦; right: φ = 303.5◦. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-maximum-amplitudes-of-the-high-frequency-yrgn4gw8.png Figure 10. The maximum amplitudes of the high-frequency spectral lines on Mirnov probes. The frequencies of the lines are given for t = 0.36 s. Left, array MIR-3. Right, array MIR-5. https://scispace.com/papers/pollutant-concentrations-and-emission-rates-from-natural-gas-2ru5k4ys8n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-co2-data-from-range-hood-capture-efficiency-23034j39.png Figure 10. CO2 data from range hood capture efficiency measurements in H2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-air-pollutant-concentrations-measured-on-first-day-1dcovyx7.png Figure 7. Air pollutant concentrations measured on first day of testing at House H3 under base conditions (no range hood or FAU operation). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-experiments-conducted-in-house-h5-1xu685vj.png Table 5. Experiments conducted in House H5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-43-more-data-from-experiments-conducted-in-ho8-pm-as-2ajpxibu.png Figure 43. More data from experiments conducted in HO8. PM as reported by DustTrak. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-natural-gas-cooking-appliances-in-study-homes-v36jxi8k.png Table 2. Natural gas cooking appliances in study homes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experiments-conducted-in-house-h2-34ccglo1.png Table 2. Natural gas cooking appliances in study homes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-data-from-experiments-conducted-on-second-day-in-1nvyvzsu.png Figure 5. Data from experiments conducted on second day in HO1. Grey shading over data interval used to fit decay for disentanglement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-air-quality-measurement-instrumentation-in-kitchen-1xfwapjq.png Figure 1. Air quality measurement instrumentation in kitchen of H1 (researcher behind cart). https://scispace.com/papers/poly-catechol-modified-fe3o4-magnetic-nanocomposites-with-vgq1xgfral 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2ey45hd2.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2u12y5bd.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-kk3yv9f8.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2avs3591.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-31cx3nr4.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/polsar-ship-detection-based-on-neighborhood-polarimetric-376wpu5kds 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-detection-results-of-the-embedded-sar-data-2k9qq4vv.png Fig. 6. Detection results of the embedded SAR data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-results-of-different-polarimetric-detectors-in-the-6zxlcpws.png Fig. 13. Results of different polarimetric detectors in the RadarSat-2 image (“-1” is for false alarms and others “1-12” are the detected ships after clustering) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-seven-types-of-local-neighborhood-collections-1-center-216nvvi9.png Fig 1. Seven types of local neighborhood collections: (1) center pixel (2) horizontal, (3) vertical, (4) diagonal, (5) anti-diagonal, (6) horizontal-vertical, (7) diagonal-anti-diagonal, and (8) square https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-flowchart-of-the-proposed-ship-detection-strategy-2bw4v1tp.png Fig. 2. Flowchart of the proposed ship detection strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-the-roc-curves-in-the-airsar-image-1h7o5kcd.png Fig. 16. The ROC curves in the AIRSAR image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-flowchart-of-dimension-reduction-by-pca-3myzvn6f.png Fig. 3. Flowchart of dimension reduction by PCA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-l-band-mlc-airsar-image-acquired-over-kojimawan-1ckt0o52.png Fig. 11. L-band MLC AIRSAR image acquired over Kojimawan. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-pdfs-of-the-mlc-data-after-swf-1oljhmk8.png Fig. 12. PDFs of the MLC data after SWF. https://scispace.com/papers/poly-epsilon-caprolactone-clay-nanocomposites-via-host-guest-2hgkwvmu5s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tem-micrographs-of-pcl12-mmt-5-in-high-a-scale-bar-20-3b6oyshb.png Fig. 4. TEM micrographs of PCL12-MMT-5 in high (a, scale bar: 20 nm) and low (b, scale bar: 50 nm) magnifications. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tem-micrographs-of-pcl6-mmt-5-in-high-a-scale-bar-20-3gseuzhq.png Fig. 3. TEM micrographs of PCL6-MMT-5 in high (a, scale bar: 20 nm) and low (b, scale bar: 50 nm) magnifications. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-properties-of-pcl-mmt-nanocomposites-and-1hkerjd2.png Table 1 Physical properties of PCL/MMT nanocomposites and their components. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-x-ray-diffractions-of-mmt-ch2ch2oh-2-mmt-cooh-and-mmt-2y5j35hv.png Fig. 2. X-ray diffractions of MMT-(CH2CH2OH)2, MMT-COOH and MMT-CD, and the nanocomposites (PCL6-MMT-1, PCL6-MMT-5, PCL6-MMT-10, PCL12MMT-1, PCL12-MMT-5 and PCL12-MMT-10). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ft-ir-spectra-of-neat-mmt-ch2ch2oh-2-cd-mmt-cooh-and-2ntsyzio.png Fig. 1. FT-IR spectra of neat MMT-(CH2CH2OH)2, CD, MMT-COOH and MMT-CD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dsc-traces-of-neat-pcl6-and-pcl12-and-resulting-9p7jtvcq.png Fig. 5. DSC traces of neat PCL6 and PCL12 and resulting nanocomposites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-tga-thermograms-of-neat-pcl6-and-pcl12-and-resulting-evn2ece1.png Fig. 6. TGA thermograms of neat PCL6 and PCL12 and resulting nanocomposites. https://scispace.com/papers/polybasic-patches-in-both-c2-domains-of-synaptotagmin-1-are-a212c7osjh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-membrane-binding-energy-and-kinetics-255knref.png Table 1. Comparison of membrane binding energy and kinetics of wild-type and mutant 469 Sty1 C2AB domains. The flexible tether linking the C2 domain(s) to the bilayer on the silica 470 bead increases the likelihood of rebinding, affecting the apparent binding energy. We used a 471 previously developed model to account for this effect, as in Lu et al.48. 472 https://scispace.com/papers/polyamide-rubber-blends-microscopic-studies-of-the-4znowr635g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tem-saed-patterns-of-microtomed-films-a-undeformed-2svx7mno.png Figure 6 TEM-SAED patterns of microtomed films: (a) undeformed material: (b) sample L, 20-30nm from fracture plane; (c) sample L. next to fracture plane; (d) sample H, 20630pm from fracture plane: (e) sample H. next to fracture plane https://scispace.com/papers/polyconductivity-in-polypyrrole-the-correlated-electron-3w75hghgkv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-switching-effect-in-sample-s5-fo-a-different-g19564pd.png FIG. 4. The switching effect in sample S5 fo a different temperatures. The switching disa pears at around 17 K~g!. The switching voltage depends strongly on temperature~h! and becomes nearly equal to holding voltages close to 20 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-temperature-dependence-of-the-current-flowing-thro-1mutch9h.png FIG. 1. Temperature dependence of the current flowing thro sample S1 at constant applied voltageV53 V ~15 V/cm!. The curve displays a kneelike structure around 20 K, similar to a insulator metal crossover.~a! The ‘‘knee’’ is clearly seen in a linear scale.~b! Nonlinear response is observable at very low applied electric fi below 20 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-switching-effect-in-a-voltage-controlledi-v-response-1o6qsxc1.png FIG. 2. Switching effect in a voltage controlledI -V response ~sample S2! at 4.2 K. A current jump~ON state! of around four orders of magnitude when voltage is raised up toVs511 V ~50 V/cm!. Switching back to low conductive OFF state is observ when voltage is reduced bellowVh ~close to 8 V, see inset!. The effect is symmetric for a reversing bias. The measurement was ried out in a four-probe method using graphite paste at the elect contacts. https://scispace.com/papers/polycrystalline-cdsete-cdte-absorber-cells-with-28-ma-cm-2-fmnogyautz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-resolved-photoluminescence-trpl-measurement-nzfqqq1u.png Fig. 4. Time-Resolved Photoluminescence (TRPL) measurement showing improved carrier lifetime with CdSeTe in the absorber. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-cross-section-stem-image-with-eds-maps-for-cd-te-and-bzscp96m.png Fig. 5. A Cross-section STEM image with EDS maps for Cd, Te and Se along with over layered image showing distribution of elements in the thin-film CdSeTe/CdTe device. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-the-quantum-efficiency-for-cdsete-cdte-2v1n72zt.png Fig. 3. Comparison of the quantum efficiency for CdSeTe/CdTe devices against high efficiency CdTe device. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-cdsete-cdte-graded-absorber-device-2ss0z8d9.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the CdSeTe/CdTe graded absorber device. (not to scale). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-j-v-graph-comparing-the-performance-of-a-cdsete-cdte-2ymsts2g.png Fig. 2. J-V graph comparing the performance of a CdSeTe/CdTe device against a CdTe reference device https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-cross-section-eds-line-scan-showing-profile-of-cd-se-1djqzdzw.png Fig. 6. A Cross-section EDS line-scan showing profile of Cd, Se, Te, Mg and Sn along the depth of thin-film CdSeTe/CdTe device. TEM image shows region where the scan has been performed. https://scispace.com/papers/polycarbonate-biodegradation-by-isolated-molds-using-clear-3ldjoxvf96 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-macroscopic-and-microscopic-images-of-penicillium-aa-31wf9m78.png Fig. 1 Macroscopic and microscopic images of Penicillium (Aa), Fusarium (Bb), Ulocladium (Cc) and Chrysosporium (Dd) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-afm-analyses-of-standard-sample-a-ulocladium-b-28ox47ex.png Fig. 3 AFM analyses of standard sample (a), Ulocladium (b), Chrysosporium (c), Penicillium (d) and Fusarium (e) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-clear-zones-of-penicillium-a-fusarium-b-ulocladium-c-ah8dha7y.png Fig. 2 Clear zones of Penicillium (a), Fusarium (b), Ulocladium (c) and Chrysosporium (d) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mineral-salt-media-components-shah-et-al-2007-g-2certxnq.png Table 1 Mineral salt media components (Shah et al. 2007) g/liter Compositions https://scispace.com/papers/polyelectrolyte-modified-short-microchannel-for-cation-2c959kszf9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-electropherogram-of-ions-channel-dimension-50-mm-3fmuy4vm.png Figure 2. Electropherogram of ions. Channel dimension, 50 mm wide, 40 mm deep, and with 4.5 cm effective separation length; sample, 1 mM K1, Li1, and Na1, injected at 500 V for 25 s and separated at an electrical field of 308 V/cm; BGE, 20 mM MES/His, pH at 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scheme-a-of-the-top-view-of-microchip-and-b-the-2we4v7fk.png Figure 1. Scheme (a) of the top view of microchip and (b) the cross-section at the detector position. Two 0.9 cm long side channels (vertical) feature a double-T for injection purpose, two face-to-face microelectrodes are perpendicularly located at the end of the main separation channel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-the-electropherograms-obtained-on-a-2voplug6.png Figure 3. Comparison of the electropherograms obtained on a microchip (a) before and (b) after a PAAHCl coated layer on the channel surface. Effective length, 1 cm; sample injection at 500 V for 20 s, separation at an electrical field of (a) 296 or (b) 741 V/cm; BGE, 20 mM MES/His14 mM HQ, pH at 6. Other conditions as in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/papers/polycube-maps-3232kd5sqm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-optimizing-the-initial-parameterization-that-we-3qx64nhf.png Figure 8: Optimizing the initial parameterization that we created by projection (left) using different techniques: the mean value coordinates and the MIPS method (middle) tend to produce conformal maps at the expense of global area distortion, while the extended MIPS method (right) nicely balances angle and area deformations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-examples-of-models-with-poly-cubic-2chfxb3d.png Figure 10: Examples of models with poly-cubic parameterizations: the original model (left), using the PolyCube-Map to texture it with a regular grid (middle), and shaded parameterization of the mesh over the polycube surface (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-packing-of-texture-patches-is-almost-perfect-38log0lo.png Figure 9: The packing of texture patches is almost perfect and it can be seen that triangles are allowed to span across multiple squarelets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cube-maps-can-be-used-to-seamlessly-texture-map-an-2uw4pvaq.png Figure 1: Cube maps can be used to seamlessly texture map an apple (left). In this case, the 3D texture domain T3 is the surface of a single cube that is immersed in the 3D texture space T3 (middle) and corresponds to a 2D texture domain T2 that consists of six square images (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-another-2d-analogue-we-roughly-approximate-the-1ithqxnm.png Figure 4: Another 2D analogue: we roughly approximate the object surface with a polycube (left), consider the dual space of unit cubes centered in the corners of the polycube (middle), and finally have for each non-empty cube a projection function that assigns each point inside a cube to the polycube surface (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-2d-analogue-of-our-method-the-projection-p-maps-ra5aevlw.png Figure 3: The 2D analogue of our method: the projection P maps each point (or fragment) in T3 onto the 3D texture domain T3 (left). The mapping M can then be used to look up the texture information from the 2D texture domain T2. PolyCube-Maps are not tied to the mesh structure and work for different mesh representations (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-polycube-that-consists-of-10-cubes-left-and-the-119e3ice.png Figure 2: A polycube that consists of 10 cubes (left) and the partition of its surface into cells as explained in Section 3 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distortion-of-the-poly-cubic-parameterizations-ph-3c5gqu3v.png Table 1: Distortion of the poly-cubic parameterizations φ from Figure 10. Area and angle distortions are measured by integrating and normalizing the values σ1σ2 + 1/(σ1σ2) and σ1/σ2 +σ2/σ1, respectively, where σ1 and σ2 are the singular values of the Jacobian matrix Jφ (see [Degener et al. 2003] and [Floater and Hormann 2004] for details). The stretch efficiency is computed as in [Praun and Hoppe 2003]. For all measures, the optimal value is 1. https://scispace.com/papers/polyethylene-silica-nanocomposites-absorption-current-and-1b4iaeptzq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-experimental-data-and-power-law-line-r3kieys0.png Figure 5. Comparison of experimental data and power law line fitting for absorption current data for Phase II at an applied field of 40 kV(DC) mm-1. Fitted lines from Phase I are also shown, to indicate the point at which a change of slope occurs in nanocomposites. All data were acquired at an applied field of 40 kV(DC) mm-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-charge-carrier-mobility-of-unfilled-polyethylene-dq9ntd8x.png Figure 6. Charge carrier mobility of unfilled polyethylene and nanocomposites containing different types and amounts of nanosilica, obtained from an applied field of 40 kV(DC) mm-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-plot-showing-current-density-as-a-we3bnh7m.png Figure 1. Schematic plot showing current density as a function of applied voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-exponent-values-calculated-from-the-absorption-d6zu9u96.png Table 2. Exponent values calculated from the absorption current data in Phase II at an applied field of 40 kV mm-1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-exponent-values-obtained-by-fitting-time-dependent-xl04972s.png Table 1. Exponent values obtained by fitting time dependent absorption current data to the Curie-von Schweidler Law over the time period 5 – 200 s at an applied field of 40 kV(DC) mm-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plots-showing-repeated-measurements-of-absorption-3e1yeu8v.png Figure 2. Plots showing repeated measurements of absorption current at an applied field of 40 kV(DC) mm-1 against time up to 104 s for unfilled polyethylene samples crystallized isothermally at 115 ºC. Three different, pristine samples were used to eliminate any possible effects associated with measurement history. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plots-of-absorption-current-at-an-applied-field-of-3kcpgseg.png Figure 3. Plots of absorption current at an applied field of 40 kV(DC) mm-1 against time up to 104 s for all investigated samples crystallized isothermally at 115 ºC. The data were divided into three phases for ease of interpretation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-space-charge-behaviour-of-nanocomposites-containing-1e81ufwj.png Figure 8. Space charge behaviour of nanocomposites containing 5 wt% of untreated nanosilica stressed at 40 kV(DC) mm-1 for a typical period of (a) 1 h and an extended period of (b) 3 h, (c) 8 h. https://scispace.com/papers/polygenic-adaptation-and-negative-selection-across-traits-2shzorytcq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-polygenicity-estimated-from-bayesian-mixed-linear-3e8t11dq.png Figure 2. Polygenicity estimated from Bayesian mixed linear models (MLMs) for a selection of traits (see Supplemental Table S4 for all traits). Polygenicity was estimated as the proportion of non-zero size-effect SNPs. Posterior median and 95% credible intervals are presented. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-qst-and-fst-estimates-across-traits-6m02yg0h.png Figure 1. Comparison of QST and FST estimates across traits, environments and years. A) QST for a selection of traits belonging to five categories: survival, height, phenology-related traits, functional traits and biotic-stress response (see Supplemental Table S1 for all traits). B) QST for height estimated in three different environments: Mediterranean, Iberian Atlantic, and French Atlantic, and a global QST for the three environments together. In the French Atlantic common garden, height was measured in three different years: 2013, 2015 and 2018. Global FST estimate is presented by a red line surrounded by the 95% confidence intervals computed by bootstrapping. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-correlation-between-snp-effect-size-and-minor-1cjn0w7x.png Figure 5. Correlation between SNP effect-size and Minor Allele Frequency (MAF). The coefficient of correlation between SNP effect-size and MAF (S) was estimated through the MLM method. The posterior distribution of S (median and 95% credible intervals) are presented. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correlation-between-polygenicity-proportion-of-non-1ez7odam.png Figure 4. Correlation between polygenicity (proportion of non-zero size-effect SNPs) and GEV (explained genetic variance). A) MLM method implemented in CGTB software. B) VSR method implemented in piMASS software. Each point represents the posterior median. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-polygenicity-estimated-from-bayesian-mixed-linear-2titas9v.png Figure 3. Polygenicity estimated from Bayesian mixed linear models (MLMs) across environments and years. A) Variation of polygenicity across environments. B) Temporal variation of polygenicity. Polygenicity was estimated as the proportion of non-zero size-effect SNPs. Posterior median and 95% credible intervals are presented. https://scispace.com/papers/polygenic-link-between-blood-lipids-and-amyotrophic-lateral-3v36vx1yyo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-best-fitted-results-from-the-bi-directional-kn6o7sdb.png Table 1. The Best-fitted Results from the Bi-directional Polygenic Risk Score Analyses https://scispace.com/papers/polygenic-risk-for-psychiatric-disorders-correlates-with-39vx8w2j6j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gwas-summaries-1bm0ei2c.png TABLE 1 GWAS summaries https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-primary-hypothesis-test-34l89avu.png TABLE 2 Primary hypothesis test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-asd-and-mdd-prs-associate-with-different-executive-3ghqptjp.png FIGURE 1 ASD and MDD PRS associate with different executive components in the PING cohort. Bar heights reflect increments in VE over the baseline (covariates only) model. Numbers indicate P values obtained from LRTs that compare the models sequentially, left to right. VE, variance explained; ASD, autism spectrum disorder PRS; MDD, major depressive disorder PRS; VC, verbal composite; DCCS, dimensional change card sort https://scispace.com/papers/polygenic-risk-scores-for-kidney-function-to-the-circulating-32r0ana882 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-study-population-in-the-1cbfpmbi.png Table 1. Characteristics of the study population in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study (N=8,886). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-risk-for-incident-kidney-diseases-according-to-4comzatz.png Table 2. Risk for incident kidney diseases according to polygenic risk scores of kidney function (N=8,886). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-association-of-quartiles-of-ldpred-polygenic-risk-3uaqxdcq.png Figure 2. Association of quartiles of LDPred polygenic risk score of kidney function with incident kidney diseases (N=8,886). The LDPred polygenic risk score (PRS) for kidney function was categorized into quartiles, and was examined for their unadjusted associations with incident kidney diseases over 30-year of follow-up. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scatter-plots-of-pearsons-correlations-between-2dyr1l1t.png Figure 3. Scatter plots of Pearson’s correlations between protein and LDPred polygenic risk score for kidney function and correlation between protein and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Both protein measures and eGFR are visit specific (panel A – visit 3; panel B – visit 5). A total of 108 proteins were identified as significantly (Bonferroni threshold p < 1.02 × 10-5) associated with LDPred PRS at both visit 3 and visit 5 through linear regression of LDPred PRS on 4,877 proteins adjusting for age at the corresponded visits, sex, center, and first 10 genetic principal components. Visit 3 (N=7,213) was conducted during 1993-1995 when the mean age of study population was 60.4 years and visit 5 (N=3,666) was conducted during 2011-2013 when the mean age of study population was 75.9 years. The dashed line in grey is the identity line. COL15A1: collagen alpha-1(XV) chain; CST3: cystatin-C; PLG: angiostatin; RNASE1: ribonuclease pancreatic; SPOCK2: testican-2. https://scispace.com/papers/polyglutamic-acid-based-crosslinked-doxorubicin-nanogels-as-404m9bolbl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-representative-1h-nmr-spectra-d2o-of-cuaac-uwt152ct.png Figure 1. A. Representative 1H NMR spectra (D2O) of CuAAC coupling of PGA polymers, demonstrating the presence of the triazole peak. B. FT-IR-spectra of CuAAC cross-linking after coupling (black) compared to PGA-N3 (red). C. Hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) analysis in MilliQ H2O represented in number reveals small particle sizes of ~4 nm for PGA copolymers (PGA-N3 and PGA-Alkyne, Table S1 compounds 1 and 3 respectively) whereas particle sizes larger than 100 nm were found for PGA NG and PGADOX NG. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-drug-release-profile-of-pga-dox-ng-in-the-3hbysk01.png Figure 3. A. Drug release profile of PGA-DOX NG in the presence of Cathepsin B (Cat B, triangles) and under physiological pH control conditions (PBS pH 7.4, circles) and plasma (diamonds) demonstrate a non-significant release in plasma and a burst release under enzymatic or hydrolytic conditions with a maximum of drug release of 80 % with Cathepsin B (n=3, data as mean ± SEM). B. Cell-associated fluorescence over time of PGA-NG DOX at 37 °C in the 4T1 murine breast cancer cell line suggests cellular uptake, indicative of co-operative mechanisms of internalization (n > 3, mean ± SEM). C. Confocal images of DOX (upper) and PGA-DOX NG (lower) uptake at 15 min post-treatment in 4T1 cells following a pulse-chase experiment (Blue-Hoechst 33342 for nuclei; Red-DOX associated fluorescence). The localization of DOX to the nucleus, while PGA-DOX NGs were absent, suggests altered internalization kinetics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-anti-metastatic-activity-of-pga-dox-ng-in-an-13cfurpz.png Figure 6. The anti-metastatic activity of PGA-DOX NG in an orthotopic 4T1 breast tumor mice model in comparison with PBS-treated control, free DOX, and the PGA-DOX conjugate, as measured by Trypan Blue staining (A). PGA-DOX NGs exerted significant anti-metastatic activity in the lungs (left) when compared to animals treated with PBS, free DOX and control PGA-DOX conjugate. Inhibition of axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis (right) was also significantly reduced following PGA-DOX NGs when compared to PBS controls. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc were used for comparison between groups. *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 B) Weight of lungs extracted from orthotopic 4T1 breast tumor-bearing mice after sacrifice at day 15. Mice treated with PGA-DOX NG displayed a significant reduction in lung weight compared to PBS control, PGA-DOX conjugate, and free DOX treatment, with these findings related to the lower incidence of lung metastases. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc were used for comparison between groups. *P<0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-pga-based-ngs-screened-1p0jkebt.png Table 2. Summary of the PGA-based NGs screened https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-b-safety-a-and-antitumor-activity-b-expressed-336qhku1.png Figure 5. A-B. Safety (A) and antitumor activity (B) expressed relative to bodyweight of PGA-DOX NG (10 mg/kg DOX-eq) in an orthotopic 4T1 breast tumor mice model in comparison with control (PBS), https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-cell-viability-curves-for-ic50-determination-in-1vpxl5q1.png Figure 4. A. Cell viability curves for IC50 determination in 4T1 cells after 72 hours of treatment with PGA NGs/PGA-DOX NGs measured by MTS assay shows similar in vitro antitumor activity of PGADOX NG (green) when compared to free DOX (red). Unloaded PGA NGs evaluated at an equivalent polymer concentration of the PGA-DOX NG failed to exhibit toxicity at the concentrations evaluated (n>4 independent experiments with 6 replicates each, mean ± SEM). B-D. Cell cycle analysis using propidium iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry. 4T1 cells were treated for 24 h (B), 48 h (C), and 72 h (D) at the IC50 values obtained by MTS assays (72 h). CTR: Control cells without treatment. Results are the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments with two replicates each. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc were used for comparison between groups. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; ns: nonsignificant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pga-precursors-and-cuaac-conditions-assessed-30qg5qj1.png Table 1. PGA precursors and CuAAC conditions assessed https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-morphology-of-cross-linked-pga-ngs-using-various-3uq0khqf.png Figure 2. Morphology of cross-linked PGA NGs using various microscopic techniques. A) AFM images of cross-linked PGA NGs at different resolutions (1700 x 1700 nm lower image, and 4500 x 4500 nm https://scispace.com/papers/polygenic-risk-scores-school-achievement-and-risk-for-yg93p3mxgw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-population-based-cohort-with-248v5rqp.png Table 1. Characteristics of the population-based cohort with schizophrenia (SZ) and non-cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-95-ci-prsedu-according-to-category-of-primary-16duysus.png Figure 2: Mean (95% CI) PRSEDU according to category of primary school performance (NC= noncompleters; 1 depicts the lowest and 5 the highest quintile) in cases with schizophrenia and in noncases https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-incidence-rate-ratio-irr-of-schizophrenia-according-zhni5vno.png Table 2. Incidence rate ratio (IRR) of schizophrenia according to school achievement at primary school (not-passing and quintiles of average grades). https://scispace.com/papers/polyhedral-monocarbaborane-chemistry-carboxylic-acid-4x8290u4ve 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-crystallographically-determined-molecular-1wl7f241.png Figure 1. Crystallographically determined molecular structures13 of (left) the [closo-2-CB9H9-2-(C6H4-para-COOH)]− anion 2 in its [NEt4]3[CB9H9(C6H4COOH)]2Br double salt 2a and (right) the [closo-2-CB9H9-2-(COOH)]− anion 4 in its [NEt4]+ salt 4a. In 2a the C(2)-C(21) distance is 1.497(4), the C(24)C(27) distance is 1.492(4) Å, the O(1)C(27) distance is 1.207(4) Å, the O(2)C(27) distance is 1.320(4) Å and the O(1)C(27)O(2) angle is 123.5(3)°; within the cluster, C(2)B(1) is 1.637(4), C(2)B(3) is 1.753(5), C(2)B(5) is 1.769(4), C(2)B(6) is 1.752(4) and C(2)B(9) is 1.756(4) Å. There are two independent molecules, A and B, of 4 in the unit cell of 4a; the molecular structure of only one of these (anion A) is shown. Dimensions for the anions A and B are closely related (see text). In anion A, the C(2)C(3) distance is 1.465(3) Å, the O(1)C(3) distance is 1.221(2) Å, the O(2)C(3) distance is 1.293(2) Å and the O(1)C(3)O(2) angle is 123.14(18)°; within the cluster, C(2)B(1) is 1.603(3), C(2)B(3) is 1.703(3), C(2)B(5) is 1.761(3), C(2)B(6) is 1.754(3) and C(2)B(9) is 1.730(3) Å. In anion B, the C(2)C(3) distance is 1.473(3) Å, the O(1)C(3) distance is 1.188(2) Å, the O(2)C(3) distance is 1.291(2) Å and the O(1)C(3)O(2) angle is 121.57(19)°; within the cluster, C(2)B(1) is 1.606(3), C(2)B(3) is 1.765(3), C(2)B(5) is 1.698(3), C(2)B(6) is 1.732(3) and C(2)B(9) is 1.732(3) Å. https://scispace.com/papers/polymer-action-on-alkali-silica-reaction-in-cement-mortar-35sg2pn76d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-expansion-due-to-asr-in-moist-38-degc-test-3mhtpaxz.png Fig. 6. Expansion due to ASR in moist 38 °C test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-asr-gel-in-a-pore-of-a-sb-2-pcm-sample-sem-image-of-33pgy8ph.png Fig. 10. ASR gel in a pore of a SB 2 PCM sample (SEM image of polished sample in COMPO mode): a) pore partially filled with gel; b) EDX spectrum of ASR gel observed in Fig. 9a), normalized to the Si peak. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-overall-porosity-of-pcms-shown-in-sem-images-in-1u7vaxh8.png Fig. 9. Overall porosity of PCMs shown in SEM images in COMPOmode: a) SB 1 PCM; b) SB 2 PCM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-aggregate-properties-220at5v3.png Table 1 Aggregate properties. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-granulometric-curve-of-the-aggregate-t9fkwy0c.png Fig. 1. Granulometric curve of the aggregate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chemical-and-mechanical-properties-of-cement-c7e87pj9.png Table 2 Chemical and mechanical properties of cement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-crystalline-asr-gel-in-pore-and-evidence-of-polymer-2ymytrxz.png Fig. 11. Crystalline ASR gel in pore and evidence of polymer “bridges” (SEM image of fractured AS PCM sample in SEI mode): a) pore containing amorphous (A) and crystalline (B) ASR gel; b) detail of Fig. 10a) showing evidence of polymer film bridging aggregate (A) and cement paste (B). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-aggregate-particles-affected-by-asr-a-porous-1lwg8021.png Fig. 12. Aggregate particles affected by ASR: a) porous aggregate particle (bottom) and dense particle (top) (SEM image of Ref CM sample in COMPO mode); b) porous site of aggregate particle; arrow points out the presence of ASR gel (SEM image of AS PCM sample in COMPO mode). https://scispace.com/papers/polymer-coated-vertical-cavity-surface-emitting-laser-diode-2pkqwaroyq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-theoretical-calculation-of-the-output-power-p-for-1wegdnly.png Figure 3. Theoretical calculation of the output power P for two different bias conditions; close to threshold (solid line) and far above threshold (dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-drawing-of-the-experimental-setup-used-1p5xn3hz.png Figure 4. Schematic drawing of the experimental setup used for the experiments. An nitrogen source is split into two lines controlled by a mass flow controller (MFC) and a third line for purge the chamber. Each controlled by a magnetic valve (MV). The outlet of the bubbler is split into a line going to the chamber and a line bypassing the chamber, both controlled by a MV. The outlet of the chamber is controlled by a pressure controller (PC) and a magnetic valve in series with a MFC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-graph-showing-the-experimental-relative-acetone-16nx0cue.png Figure 8. Graph showing the experimental relative acetone response ΔPt Pt,min versus the laser diode bias current I. The relative response is seen to be largest at a bias current of I = 1.15 mA, which is close to the threshold current Ith and the maximum in signal-to-noise ratio SNR = ΔPt https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-drawing-of-the-device-structure-mwhw8lz6.png Figure 1. Schematic drawing of the device structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-graph-showing-the-light-current-characteristic-of-2mle8k0q.png Figure 5. Graph showing the light-current characteristic of the laser diode before (dashed line) and after (solid line) coating the top DBR with polystyrene. The differential quantum effiency ηd,t before and after coating was 0.334 and 0.496, respectively. The threshold current Ith before and after coating was 0.92 mA and 1.14 mA, respectivly. From these values the bias point of zero sensitivity can be estimate from Eq. 10 to be 1.60 mA as is also seen in the graph. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-standard-laser-parameters-of-850-nm-gaas-algaas-3qp1skll.png Table 1. Standard laser parameters of 850 nm GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well (QW) VCSELs.5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-graph-showing-the-response-of-the-sensor-to-acetone-3u5xb568.png Figure 6. Graph showing the response of the sensor to acetone for a 180 minute fill period and 180 minute purge period. The detected power at the photodiode (dashed line, left axis) is plotted against the calculated acetone concentration (solid line, right axis). The response is shown for a laser diode bias of I = 1.15 mA. The inset show the detected power of the reference laser diode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-graph-showing-the-light-current-curve-for-three-1flrpqp2.png Figure 7. Graph showing the light-current curve for three different times t = 0, t = 50 min and t = 100 min relative to the opening of the valve to the acetone bubbler. The differential quantum efficiency ηd,t with increasing time t was 0.449, 0.448 and 0.445, respectively. The threshold current Ith was 1.10, 1.09 and 1.08, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/polymer-inclusion-membrane-to-access-zn-speciation-3q4scbiest 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-composition-of-the-nutrient-solution-tcil8yna.png Table 1. Chemical composition of the nutrient solution corresponding to a half-strength 145 Hoagland solution, used as donor medium in all the experiments performed throughout 146 the study. 147 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-pim-and-receiving-phase-compositions-on-zn-2hps9gn9.png Table 2. Effect of PIM and receiving phase compositions on Zn transport and depletion. 266 Contact time: 24 h. 267 https://scispace.com/papers/polyhydroxy-surfactants-for-the-formulation-of-lipid-30z2lyghue 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-trade-names-chemical-names-and-struture-of-1leyjatl.png Table 1 Trade names, chemical names and struture of polyhydroxy surfactants used for the preparation of the lipid nanoparticle dispersions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dsc-parameters-of-the-tempered-bulk-solid-lipid-and-3lomt9f5.png Table 2 DSC parameters of the tempered bulk solid lipid and bulk lipid blends with increasing oil content. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pcs-data-diameter-and-pi-and-ld-data-diameters-d-v-50-2yl05kqd.png Fig. 4. PCS data (diameter and PI) and LD data (diameters d(v) 50%, d(v) 90% and d(v) 99%) of the formulations stabilizedwith PL (caprylyl/capryl glucoside) plotted as function of time (0, 1, 30, 90 days). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pcs-data-diameter-and-pi-and-ld-data-diameters-d-v-50-39o5c7ek.png Fig. 3. PCS data (diameter and PI) and LD data (diameters d(v) 50%, d(v) 90% and d(v) 99%) of the formulations stabilizedwith PS (polyglyceryl 6-distearate) plotted as function of time (0, 1, 30, 90 days). https://scispace.com/papers/polymer-microparticles-prolong-delivery-of-the-15-pgdh-4tuxjcy850 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-affinity-binding-simulations-of-15-pgdh-inhibitor-8idxvsxj.png Figure 2: a) Affinity binding simulations of 15-PGDH inhibitor SW033291 (CID:337839) complexation with ⍺, β, and γ cyclodextrin (CD) in both PyRx and a machine learning algorithm for affinity prediction15. b) Molecular structure in-silico model demonstrating inclusion complex formation between small molecule drug SW033291 binding to the inner pocket of βcyclodextrin. Regions in blue are complexed within the cyclodextrin ‘pocket’. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-serum-sw033291-concentrations-collected-from-mice-n-1ur2up7g.png Figure 6: Serum (+)SW033291 concentrations collected from mice (n=4 at each timepoint) following RO infusion of (+)SW033291 loaded β-CD MPs. Error bars are representative of the standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-overview-of-b-cd-microparticle-preparation-b-cd-28ulpqh4.png Figure 3: a) Overview of β-CD microparticle preparation. β-CD prepolymer is polymerized with EDGE for 3 hours at elevated temperature (60-70 ℃) and formed in a water/oil (w/o) emulsion. b) Microparticle batches synthesized with varying temperature and mixing speeds. Particles were then loaded with (+)SW033291 for 24 hours (DMSO). Particle diameters were determined by ImageJ, and represented as the mean ± S.D. Final loading concentrations were determined via LC/MS at UTSW https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-serial-dilution-of-b-cd-mps-in-1x-pbs-approximate-3o6s1isg.png Table 1: Serial dilution of β-CD MPs in 1x PBS. Approximate settling times were measured subjectively when depositions of polymer were first observed to crash out from solution. ‘Injectability’ was rated as a binary ‘yes’ or ‘no’ qualitative observation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-incubation-study-of-sw033291-loaded-b-cd-mps-with-2km6m35o.png Figure 4: Incubation study of (+)SW033291-loaded β-CD MPs with Lad2 cells indicated sustained delivery in co-culture inhibits enzyme activity 72 hrs post-administration with similar efficacy as bolus SW033291 administration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-final-loading-concentrations-for-b-cd-mp-10rel9tt.png Figure 5: Final loading concentrations for β-CD MP formulations utilizing a ’24-hour’ loading protocol and our investigated ‘72-hour’ loading protocol, which also uses a polar solvent (water) to help drive complexation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-loading-protocol-schematic-for-creating-sw033291-2574va4k.png Figure 1: Loading protocol schematic for creating SW033291-loaded β-CD MPs. Prolonging loading to 72 hours helps ensure complexation of SW033291 within cyclodextrin hydrophobic ‘pocket’. https://scispace.com/papers/polymer-induced-drag-reduction-in-exact-coherent-structures-2742uhhclo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-prandtl-von-karman-plot-the-dashed-lines-2h9ymi1b.png Figure 4: Schematic Prandtl-von Karman plot. The dashed lines represent the experimental paths by which specific polymer systems of different molecular weights, concentrations, polymer-solvent pairs, etc., approach the maximum drag reduction asymptote. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-31-changes-in-drag-reduction-asex-increases-for-2w11rfjp.png Figure 31: Changes in drag reduction asEx increases for viscoelastic ECS,Re= 1600, Wi = 28, b = 3600, 4850, 7350, 14850. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-49-the-locations-of-newtonian-and-viscoelastic-flows-sfasup3j.png Figure 49: The locations of Newtonian and viscoelastic flows (black, green, red and blue dots) inside or outside of the channel flow ECS existence region,Ex = 100, β = 0.97, Lx = 2π/1.0148 andLz = 2π/2.633. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-37-diagram-of-energy-input-rate-and-energy-conversion-2y79q4da.png Figure 37: Diagram of energy input rate and energy conversion rate for Newtonian flow using “high drag” ECS (black dot) and “low drag ECS” (red dot) as initial conditions. Re= 1600, computational box is (Lx, Ly, Lz). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-38-diagram-of-energy-input-rate-and-energy-conversion-24gdbsio.png Figure 38: Diagram of energy input rate and energy conversion rate for viscoelastic flows using “high drag” ECS along the experimental path ofEl = 0.019 (black, red and green dots) as initial conditions.Ex = 100, β = 0.97. Computational box is (Lx, Ly, Lz). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-86-spatial-distribution-of-velocity-fluctuations-and-18odfryz.png Figure 86: Spatial distribution of velocity fluctuations and polymer forces.Re= 6000, Wi = 100, α = 1.0, c = 0.25982 + i0.00032309, ² = 0.01, Ex = 100, β = 0.97, t = 800 time units. (a)v ′ x, range−0.0194(blue)∼ 0.0194(red), (b)v′y, range−0.00867(blue)∼ 0.00867(red), (c)fx, range−3.20 × 10−5(blue)∼ 3.20 × 10−5(red), and (d)fy, range −2.28× 10−6(blue)∼ 2.28× 10−6(red). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-first-20-eigenvalues-for-a-viscoelastic-flow-re-2200-3sker7xe.png Table 4: First 20 eigenvalues for a viscoelastic flow,Re= 2200, Wi = 55.0, Ex = 100 andβ = 0.97. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-poincare-map-x-43-8-re-1600-wi-30-4-ex-100-b-0-97-3azmn5v8.png Figure 20: Poincaŕe map,x+ = 43.8, Re = 1600, Wi = 30.4 Ex = 100, β = 0.97. Contours are for trace of the polymer stress,trτp. Range: 0 (blue) – 1860 (red). https://scispace.com/papers/polymer-surfactant-assemblies-in-water-a-sans-study-31x75dxxrs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-viscosity-of-the-peosds-solution-as-a-function-3pyqda9z.png Figure 1. The viscosity of the PEOSDS solution as a function of SDS https://scispace.com/papers/polymerisation-of-s2n2-to-sn-x-as-a-tool-for-the-rapid-1knv836giy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-stainless-steel-plate-upon-which-a-print-was-26pf19z3.png Figure 2. Left - stainless steel plate upon which a print was deposited for 2 hours before washing and exposure to S2N2; Right - ridge detail 85 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-brass-plates-upon-which-a-fingerprint-was-deposited-c1afjkkw.png Figure 1. Brass plates upon which a fingerprint was deposited for (a) 30s, (b) 30 mins, (c) 3 hours and (d) 24 hours before washing and exposure to S2N2; image (e) shows the print from (b) viewed under polarised light. https://scispace.com/papers/polymeric-aqua-glutarato-hydrogen-glutarato-lanthanum-iii-lmn1vhpu48 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-coordination-around-the-lanthanum-ion-including-the-t37yb75u.png Figure 3 Coordination around the lanthanum ion, including the numbering scheme and anisotropic displacement ellipsoids. Note the strong O24ÐH24 O21iv hydrogen bond. Only the unique chains have been labelled completely. The symmetry operations are as in Table 1. The view is along the b axis. Full displacement ellipsoids are used for the fully deprotonated ligand L, while open ellipsoids are used for HL. Ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-perspective-view-of-the-packing-seen-along-the-b-3b18xnbo.png Figure 2 Perspective view of the packing seen along the b axis. Only H atoms bound to O atoms have been included. Hydrogen bonds are indicated by dashed lines. Note the water-containing cavity in the centre. Full displacement ellipsoids are used for the fully deprotonated ligand L, while open ellipsoids are used for HL. Ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chains-of-lanthanum-polyhedra-running-along-010-3hv2wfoc.png Figure 1 Chains of lanthanum polyhedra running along [010]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-geometric-parameters-ae-3qjyqi0a.png Table 1 Selected geometric parameters (AÊ , ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hydrogen-bonding-geometry-ae-23pppwls.png Table 2 Hydrogen-bonding geometry (AÊ , ). https://scispace.com/papers/polymerization-of-epoxide-monomers-promoted-by-tbup4-37h81ore7l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-first-order-plot-in-the-polymerization-of-bnge-age-2utnnc8h.png Figure 3. First-order-plot in the polymerization of BnGE, AGE, EEGE, tBuGE, PO, BO at 25°C in THF. Monomer/Initiator = 50/1, [Monomer] = 2.0 mol.L -1 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ring-opening-polymerization-of-epoxide-monomers-1w8gzzy9.png Table 2. Ring-opening polymerization of epoxide monomers initiated by Benzyl Alcohol:tBuP4 (1:1) at 25°C in THF; [M]0 = 2 mol.L -1 . https://scispace.com/papers/polymerization-of-lignosulfonates-by-the-laccase-hbt-1-20pwx9nazy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hsqc-2d-nmr-analysis-of-lignosulfonate-modification-by-r4myz9w0.png Fig. 4. HSQC 2D-NMR analysis of lignosulfonate modification by Trametes hirsuta laccase (THL) (right) and Trametes villosa laccase (TVL) (left) in the presence of HBT after 0 h (a and c, respectively) and 83 h (b and d, respectively) of incubation. The integrals of the main groups of 1H–13C correlation signals (from bottom to top: aromatic signals, anomeric polysaccharide signals, different oxygenated aliphatic signals, methoxyl signal, and non-oxygenated aliphatic signals) are indicated, referred to the residual DMSO signal (as 100%). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dispersibility-of-lignosulfonates-polymerized-with-2e6y6z31.png Fig. 3. Dispersibility of lignosulfonates polymerized with laccases from Myceliopthera thermophilia, Trametes hirsuta and Trametes villosa (MTL, THL and TVL) in the presence of HBT, based on multiple light scattering (BS - Backscattered and T - transmitted light compared to a control and to chemically modified lignosulfonate after 17 h incubation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-changes-in-molecular-weight-mw-and-functional-group-2di198ow.png Table 1 Changes in molecular weight (Mw) and functional group content after treatment of lignosulfonates with different laccases in the presence of HBT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fluorescence-decrease-of-lignosulfonate-after-bvevxd9s.png Fig. 1. Fluorescence decrease of lignosulfonate after incubation with different laccases in the presence of HBT (A) and ABTS (B) at different pHs after 83 h of incubation. Data is an average of 3 independent replicates ± standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-aromatic-signals-in-a-hsqc-2d-nmr-1zwu3h9k.png Fig. 5. Comparison of aromatic signals in (a) HSQC 2D-NMR spectrum (1H–13C correlation), (b) 1H NMR spectrum, (c) 13C NMR spectrum, and (d) CPMAS 13C NMR spectrum of spruce lignosulfonate after 83 h incubation with Trametes villosa laccase (TVL)-HBT system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-py-gc-ms-of-calcium-lignosulfonate-during-incubation-2jk5fts3.png Fig. 6. Py-GC/MS of calcium lignosulfonate during incubation with Trametes hirsuta laccase (THL) and Trametes villosa laccase (TVL) in the presence of HBT. https://scispace.com/papers/polymerization-shrinkage-of-dental-composite-resins-1j2el8mknn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-polymerization-shrinkage-results-of-series-v-1xi63zrz.png Fig. 8 Polymerization shrinkage results of series V https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-polymerization-shrinkage-results-of-series-vi-3ktar4v1.png Fig. 9 Polymerization shrinkage results of series VI https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-schematic-diagram-of-the-alternative-arrangements-of-3h5b581l.png Fig. 11 Schematic diagram of the alternative arrangements of the DVRT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-polymerization-shrinkage-results-of-series-vii-3ml121e5.png Fig. 10 Polymerization shrinkage results of series VII https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-dvrt-2uzdc46f.png Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the DVRT https://scispace.com/papers/polymersome-popping-by-light-induced-osmotic-shock-under-27dnxnf9f3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-photocleavage-of-n-diethyl-o-7-bis-carboxymethyl-6dv28fbr.png Figure 2. a) Photocleavage of N-diethyl, O-({7-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]coumarin-4-yl}methyl carbamate (coumarin derivative) under irradiation. b) Electronic absorption spectrum of a 80 μM coumarin derivative in aqueous solution before and after (dashed line) 30 min irradiation at 365 nm with a 200 W Hg-Xe lamp. c) Confocal observation of a 10 mM coumarin-loaded GUV (green channel, emission range of coumarin, 485 nm). The vesicle undergo fast (few milliseconds) rupture upon irradiation at 405 nm (50 mW, 25%). Scale bar = 10 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-chemical-structure-of-calcein-and-confocal-images-2nm5m292.png Figure 1. a) Chemical structure of calcein and confocal images of a 15 mM calcein-loaded polymersome irradiated at 488 nm, with laser intensity 40 mW, 5% (green channel, emission range of calcein, 520 nm). b) Chemical structure of methylene blue (MB) and confocal images of a 10 mM MBloaded polymersome irradiated at 633 nm with laser intensity 10 mW, 90% (red channel, emission range of MB, 660 nm). c) Electronic absorption spectrum of a 30 μM calcein photosensitizer in aqueous solution before and after (dashed line) 30 min irradiation in the 400 – 550 nm range with a 200 W Hg-Xe lamp equipped with a bypass filter, showing photoinduced degradation. d) Electronic absorption spectrum of a 30 μM methylene blue in water solution before and after (dashed line) 30 min irradiation in the 240 – 550 nm range with a 200 W Hg-Xe lamp https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-controlled-release-of-internalized-cargo-by-3h9rarfr.png Figure 4. Controlled release of internalized cargo by selective vesicle rupture. Confocal observation of two neighbouring PBut2.5-b-PEO1.3 GUVs loaded with 15 mM calcein (green) or 10 mM methylene blue (red). Nano-PBut1.2-b-PEO0.6 polymersomes tagged with Alexa Fluor 405 (blue) dye are loaded in the green GUV and nano-DPPC liposomes doped with fluorescent L-α-Phosphatidylethanolamine-N-(lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl) dye (red) are loaded in the red GUV. After a) irradiation at 488 nm (high laser intensity) the green vesicle ruptures and releases the nano-polymersomes. Then, b) irradiation at 633 nm (high laser intensity) caused rupture of the red vesicle and subsequent release of the nano-DPPC liposomes. (Movies corresponding to these two series of experiments are presented in SI, video S6). https://scispace.com/papers/polymersomes-in-gelly-polymersomes-toward-structural-cell-35cugl6u9i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-microscopy-acquisitions-of-a-giant-polymersome-of-eivcxrk0.png Figure 2. Microscopy acquisitions of a giant polymersome of poly(butadiene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide). From left to right, bright field microscopy, red channel epifluorescence with Nile Red membrane labeling (0.05 mg/mL), green channel with 10.000 g/mol FITC-dextran (1 mg/mL), and overlay of red and green. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-optical-microscopy-acquisitions-of-the-w-o-emulsion-1c54pzgj.png Figure 1. Optical microscopy acquisitions of the w/o emulsion stabilized by poly(butadiene)-bpoly(ethylene oxide). From left to right: bright field, epifluorescence (green channel), epifluorescence (red channel) and overlay of red and green channels. The green channel features the encapsulated FITC- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-statistics-of-displacements-um-in-x-red-circles-1rgnzt4c.png Figure 6. (a) Statistics of displacements (µm) in x (red circles) and y (blue squares) directions of nanosize inner polymersomes in vesosome corresponding to Figure 3 (Movie S1 ESI). (b) Mean square displacement ∆x 2 and ∆y 2 (µm 2 ) plotted versus time (s). Blue lines represent the experimental trajectories. The red line features the model trajectory with the mean calculated diffusion coefficient. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spinning-disk-confocal-microscopy-acquisitions-of-a-2yx4kj7b.png Figure 3. Spinning disk confocal microscopy acquisitions of a polymer vesosome. From left to right, green channel (membrane of the giant polymersome), red channel (nanosize inner polymersomes), https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-nanosize-polymersome-suspension-2x3cb4g2.png Table 1. Characteristics of nanosize polymersome suspension before and after encapsulation in a giant polymersome https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-displacement-x-red-circles-and-y-blue-squares-zwlsf0cs.png Figure 7. (a) Displacement ∆x (red circles) and ∆y (blue squares) frequency of nanosize inner polymersomes in 300 mg/mL dextran in giant polymersome, corresponding to Figure 5 and Movie S5 (ESI). (b) Comparison of displacement frequency without and with Dextran: overlay of Figures 6a and 7a. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spinning-disk-confocal-microscopy-acquisitions-of-a-zqj3wtnm.png Figure 4. Spinning disk confocal microscopy acquisitions of a polymer vesosome with “cytoplasm mimic” alginate in the cavity of the giant polymersome. From left to right, green channel (membrane of the giant polymersome), red channel (nanosize inner polymersomes), overlay and 3D reconstruction in red channel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spinning-disk-confocal-microscopy-acquisitions-of-a-32wv6rt8.png Figure 5. Spinning disk confocal microscopy acquisitions of a polymer vesosome with “cytoplasm mimic” dextran in the cavity of the giant polymersome. Red channel (nanosize inner polymersomes), https://scispace.com/papers/polymorphism-versus-devitrification-mechanism-low-wavenumber-39nrfyv02d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-raman-spectra-in-the-fingerprint-region-collected-2go8nmlx.png Figure 5: Raman spectra in the fingerprint region collected https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-temperature-dependence-of-the-position-of-the-3hhefxrd.png Figure 4: temperature dependence of the position of the lowest wavenumber band upon cooling and heating at ?̇? = 0.5°𝐶/𝑚𝑖𝑛 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-representation-of-raman-susceptibilities-of-the-311gdxqo.png Figure 6: Representation of Raman susceptibilities of the amorphous and crystalline states of sulindac https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-description-of-the-fitting-procedure-used-to-5es8m6b8.png Figure 1: description of the fitting procedure used to analyze separately the quasielastic and the vibrational contributions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-temperature-dependence-of-ir-o-spectra-calculated-299wfz3l.png Figure 8: temperature dependence of Ir(ω) spectra calculated from spectra collected during a cooling ramp of Form I obtained by devitrification of the amorphous milled powder. Crystallization of Form I was detected at 70 °C, and was heated up to 100 °C before cooling https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-temperature-dependence-of-ir-o-spectra-calculated-3fkdz4jj.png Figure 3: temperature dependence of Ir(ω) spectra, calculated from spectra collected during https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-raman-susceptibility-spectra-of-form-1g8hhohy.png Figure 9: comparison of Raman susceptibility spectra of Form I prepared by devitrification of quenched liquid and by devitrification of amorphous powder obtained by milling Form II. Stars indicate laser lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-iqes-t-determined-from-low-wavenumber-221u6184.png Figure 7: comparison of IQES(T) determined from low-wavenumber spectra collected upon heating at 0.5 °C/min quenched liquid and amorphous powder obtained by milling Form II for 600 minutes https://scispace.com/papers/polymorphism-in-introns-5-and-6-of-the-acta1-gene-in-various-v1e6lmluic 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-genotype-and-allele-frequencies-with-some-population-s4hxltlk.png Table 1. Genotype and allele frequencies with some population genetic indexes calculated for the G > T polymorphism. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pcr-rflp-analysis-of-g-t-substitution-lane-1-dna-1al1nifu.png Figure 1. PCR-RFLP analysis of G > T substitution. Lane 1: DNA marker pUC19/MspI (Fermentas); lanes 2, 3, 4, 6: GG genotype; lane 5: GC genotype. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-haplotype-estimation-based-on-2-snps-2mlz0suq.png Table 3. Haplotype estimation based on 2 SNPs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-genotype-and-allele-frequencies-with-some-population-p6uazet1.png Table 2. Genotype and allele frequencies with some population genetic indexes calculated for the G > C polymorphism. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-acrs-pcr-analysis-of-g-c-substitution-lane-1-dna-2pajs3bi.png Figure 2. ACRS-PCR analysis of G > C substitution. Lane 1: DNA marker pUC19/MspI (Fermentas); lane 2: CC genotype; lanes 3, 4, 5, 6: GC genotype; lane 7: GG genotype. https://scispace.com/papers/polymorphisms-associated-with-adalimumab-and-infliximab-41dcjccebi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-snps-associated-with-response-to-biological-vknl7d9b.png Table 4. SNPs associated with response to biological therapies in psoriasis patients in previous studies and correlation with the present study. Only significant results p<0.05 appear in this table. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-phenotypic-characteristics-of-psoriatic-patients-1entv87i.png Table 1. Phenotypic characteristics of psoriatic patients treated with adalimumab and infliximab. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-univariate-and-multivariate-logistic-jzsof6b3.png Table 3. Results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses for PASI75 at 6 months of treatment (N=90). Only polymorphisms significant for the univariate analysis (p<0.05) are shown and were included in the multivariate analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-results-of-univariate-and-t3rr5x14.png Table 2. Summary of the results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses for PASI75 at 3 months of treatment (N=95). Only polymorphisms significant for the univariate analysis (p<0.05) are shown and were included in the multivariate analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/polymorphism-what-it-is-and-how-to-identify-it-a-systematic-4505w3f0sm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-phase-diagram-of-carbon-54-ecern-1noldlbt.png Fig. 7 Phase diagram of carbon.54 ECERN. https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-x-ray-data-for-the-two-polymorphs-vhzz7sq1.png Table 13 X-ray data for the two polymorphs https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-x-ray-data-for-the-two-polymorphs-1whb8jm6.png Table 12 X-ray data for the two polymorphs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-left-phase-diagram-p-t-presenting-most-of-the-domains-3hq4vvr2.png Fig. 6 (left) Phase diagram (p, T) presenting most of the domains of existence of the different allotropic forms of sulfur.41 (right) Eight allotropic forms of carbon: (a) diamond, (b) graphite, (c) lonsdaleite, (d) Buckminster fullerene, (e) and (f) two other forms of fullerene, (g) amorphous, and (h) nanorods of carbon. The graphene form, which is the single sheet of graphite, is missing in this scheme.42 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-left-phase-diagram-of-zirconia-doped-with-yttria-m-1cmy66gt.png Fig. 19 (left) Phase diagram of Zirconia doped with Yttria (m: monoclinic, t: tetragonal, c: cubic),80 with kind permission from Springer Science and Business Media (right) and visual representation of the insertion of the yttrium oxide inside the zirconia oxide lattice.81 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-polymorphic-transformation-of-zro2-changes-in-lattice-145kuq0k.png Fig. 18 Polymorphic transformation of ZrO2: changes in lattice and crystal system view. Reprint from ref. 78. Copyright E 2004, John Wiley and Sons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-27-overlay-of-the-two-molecular-units-unit-a-from-the-3efsvmpm.png Fig. 27 Overlay of the two molecular units (unit A from the monoclinic form (in red) with unit B from the orthorhombic from (in blue) and unit B from the monoclinic form (in red) with unit A from the orthorhombic from (in blue). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-29-typical-dsc-traces-for-a-orthorhombic-and-b-1x6ghiee.png Fig. 29 Typical DSC traces for (a) orthorhombic and (b) monoclinic TNT. Reprinted with permission from.110 Copyright E 2003, American Chemical Society. https://scispace.com/papers/polymorphisms-of-beta-lactoglobulin-promoter-region-in-three-43syw4bzh1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-genetic-diversity-indexes-between-breeds-17s6axwr.png Table 3 Genetic diversity indexes between breeds https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-transcription-factors-tfs-within-the-blg-promoter-2dxh7w6a.png Table 4 Transcription factors (TFs) within the BLG promoter region of the Sicilian goat breeds compared with TFs in ovine BLG promoter [42] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-neighbour-joining-nj-tree-obtained-considering-1uf0wdk9.png Fig. 1 Neighbour-joining (NJ) tree obtained considering Sicilian goat haplotypes using substitution model and 1,000 bootstrap replications. 5 Maltese goat breed, h Girgentana goat breed, Derivata di Siria goat breed, j Capra hircus, d Ovis aries https://scispace.com/papers/polymorphs-of-a-diarylethene-that-exhibits-strong-emission-55yiwhup1y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-optical-microscopic-photographs-of-powder-crystals-uw0do61g.png Fig. 6. Optical microscopic photographs of powder -crystals observed in reflection mode under irradiation with white light at (a) 30 and (b) 120 C, and under excitation with 365 nm light at (c) 30 and (d) 120 C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-normalized-diffuse-reflection-spectra-solid-line-and-gxid5dce.png Fig. 4. Normalized diffuse reflection spectra (solid line) and fluorescence spectra (dashed line) of powder - (orange) and -crystals (yellow). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fluorescence-decay-curves-of-a-and-b-crystals-39i9n4nf.png Fig. 5 Fluorescence decay curves of (a) - and (b) -crystals monitored at 600 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-optical-microscopic-photographs-of-crystal-observed-in-i6i0we5l.png Fig. 8. Optical microscopic photographs of -crystal observed in reflection mode under excitation with 365 nm light at 50 C , (a) 0, (b) 20, (c) 47, and (d) 80 min later. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-tga-trace-of-crystal-at-a-heating-rate-of-10-c-min-1-31b669pl.png Fig. 9. TGA trace of -crystal at a heating rate of 10 C min−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-powder-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-a-the-pattern-of-3s66b3my.png Fig. 7. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns: (a) the pattern of powder -crystals, (b) the calculated pattern of -crystals, (c) the pattern of after the phase transition of powder -crystals, (d) the pattern of powder -crystals, and (e) the calculated pattern of -crystal. The calculated patterns were obtained using parameters determined from single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis of - and -forms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-optical-microscopic-photographs-of-single-crystals-of-24b44xjl.png Fig. 1. Optical microscopic photographs of single crystals of diarylethene 1: (a) -crystal and (b) -crystal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-crystal-structure-of-crystal-a-in-the-asymmetric-unit-1je9xd51.png Fig. 3. Crystal structure of -crystal (a) in the asymmetric unit and (b) molecular packing viewed from (1 _ 00). Although there is a half of hexane molecule in the asymmetric unit, whole hexane molecule was illustrated for clarity. https://scispace.com/papers/polynomial-degree-robust-a-posteriori-estimates-in-a-unified-3l6gl37qlc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numerical-results-for-a-smooth-solution-sin-2px-sin-15h1c5al.png Table 1: Numerical results for a smooth solution sin(2πx) sin(2πy) on a unit square and the incomplete interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method https://scispace.com/papers/polynomial-c1-shape-functions-on-the-triangle-52ij8yzs4d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geometry-of-a-triangular-element-u03rijtk.png Figure 1: Geometry of a triangular element https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gradient-elastic-hollow-cylinder-with-applied-15dvhlnc.png Figure 4: Gradient elastic hollow cylinder with applied tangential traction: benchmark description and results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-square-gradient-elastic-domain-with-applied-double-3ilvsceb.png Figure 3: Square gradient-elastic domain with applied double traction: benchmark description and results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-triangle-element-with-its-neighbouring-elements-dcnuc6ne.png Figure 2: A triangle element with its neighbouring elements https://scispace.com/papers/polynomial-invariants-of-virtual-links-49fl4vmyub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-virtual-knot-3-2-5-3lwzqt6z.png Figure 7. The virtual knot (3, 2)5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-classical-and-virtual-crossings-39dk8ds8.png Figure 1. Classical and virtual crossings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-generalized-reidemeister-moves-1auiklo5.png Figure 2. Generalized Reidemeister moves https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-positive-crossing-and-reflection-r01ww6ma.png Figure 6. Positive crossing and reflection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-2-component-link-l-3ufz0zls.png Figure 10. 2-component link l https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-knot-k-3lq4n9im.png Figure 9. The knot k https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relators-for-al-36opnp1h.png Figure 3. Relators for Ãl https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-knot-k-with-trivial-jones-polynomial-3dbo0cax.png Figure 8. Knot k with trivial Jones polynomial https://scispace.com/papers/polynomial-spline-approximation-of-clarke-s-model-5ajs09bvdo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-weight-coefficients-for-optimal-schoenbergs-splines-l-10gmzg8a.png Fig. 4. Weight coefficients for optimal Schoenberg’s splines; L = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-optimal-splines-opt-and-optimal-schoenbergs-splines-2gm6osio.png Fig. 5. Optimal splines (Opt) and optimal Schoenberg’s splines (Local). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-optimal-opt-and-schoenbergs-local-splines-392rdctu.png Fig. 3. Optimal (Opt) and Schoenberg’s (Local) splines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-prefilter-sampling-postfilter-scheme-describing-spline-vxqowd0d.png Fig. 1. Prefilter-sampling-postfilter scheme describing spline approximation of the process x(t). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-optimal-splines-opt-and-local-splines-with-optimal-28qrsfj1.png Fig. 8. Optimal splines (Opt) and local splines with optimal spline coefficients (Local). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-optimal-splines-opt-and-local-splines-with-2nyi8ocp.png Fig. 6. Optimal splines (Opt) and local splines with quasioptimal spline coefficients (Quasi). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-weight-coefficients-for-optimal-local-splines-l-1-a-a-3gxwl8ih.png Fig. 7. Weight coefficients for optimal local splines; L = 1. (a) a . (b) a and a . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-weight-coefficients-for-local-extrapolation-cubic-3oic4v0o.png Fig. 11. Weight coefficients for local extrapolation cubic splines: L = 2, L = 9. (a) = 3. (b) = 10. https://scispace.com/papers/polynomial-representation-for-persistence-diagram-557zwjmbc4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-protein-recognition-results-27xekd9b.png Table 2. Protein recognition results (%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-persistence-vectors-and-vanishing-polynomials-of-bwxgjqfo.png Figure 4. Persistence vectors and vanishing polynomials of proteins labeled as “Relaxed”. When the dimension n of persistence vector is 2, the vanish polynomials are algebraic curves. When the dimension n = 3, the vanish polynomials are algebraic surfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-two-pds-from-different-protein-classes-3bgzc33c.png Figure 6. Two PDs from different protein classes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-of-polynomial-representation-for-pds-2ivw43s6.png Figure 1. An example of polynomial representation for PDs. Assume m PDs {Di}1≤i≤m belong to the same class, our method first derives m stable persistence vectors {vi}1≤i≤m from those PDs. Assume that two polynomials approximately vanish on those m persistence vectors, i.e., f1(v) ≈ 0 and f2(v) ≈ 0 for all v. Using those vanishing polynomials, our method can define the polynomial representation for PDs, which is proved to be linearly separable. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-of-persistence-diagram-34ff87hq.png Figure 2. An example of persistence diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-texture-recognition-results-we-carry-out-the-texture-2fy28rno.png Table 1. Texture recognition results (%). We carry out the texture recognition tasks on the benchmark dataset OUTEX00000 [32], which includes 480 texture images equally classified into 24 classes and provides 100 predefined training/testing splits. Following the setting in [35], texture images are downsampled to 32 ⇥ 32 images. We apply CLBP [19] to describe each local region on an image as two discretized components named as Sign (CLBP-S) and Magnitude (CLBP-M). We construct PDs for https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-two-pds-from-different-texture-classes-356pcivg.png Figure 5. Two PDs from different texture classes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-persistence-vectors-and-vanishing-polynomials-of-3jyy0z7f.png Figure 3. Persistence vectors and vanishing polynomials of textures labeled as “canvas”. When the dimension n of persistence vector is 2, the vanishing polynomials are algebraic curves. When the dimension n = 3, the vanishing polynomials are algebraic surfaces. https://scispace.com/papers/polyoxometalates-as-promoters-of-laccase-assisted-reactions-54wbiof3pb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-decolorization-of-solophenyl-blue-gl-by-t-oillosa-qt9z6js8.png Fig. 2. Decolorization of Solophenyl Blue GL by T. Õillosa laccase, HPA-5 and their combination. https://scispace.com/papers/polyphenolic-content-in-different-plant-parts-of-soy-4vnsl23ne7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structures-of-the-principal-polyphenolic-aglycones-1cquf7n1.png Figure 1. Structures of the principal polyphenolic aglycones detected in soy parts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-chromatographic-profile-acquired-by-hplc-dad-260-2b8txgo1.png Figure 2. Chromatographic profile acquired by HPLC/DAD (260 and 330 nm) of the hydroalcoholic extract from soy roots at relative maxima of absorbance of isoflavonoids and coumestrol derivatives, respectively. Polyphenolic compounds: (1) daidzein-7-O-glucoside; (2) daidzein malonylglucoside; (3) daidzeinmalonylglucoside; (4) genistein-7-O-glucoside; (5) daidzein-7-O-malonylglucoside; (6) coumestrol-7-O-glucoside; (7) genistein-7-O-malonylglucoside; (8) coumestrol malonylglucoside; (9) daidzein; (10) genistein; (11) coumestrol. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-content-of-the-different-classes-of-compounds-at-the-3a1rqeay.png Table 2. Content of the Different Classes of Compounds at the Three Sampling Dates of the Analyzed Cultivarsa https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-polyphenolic-content-of-dry-beans-from-the-three-soy-1lyedigv.png Table 3. Polyphenolic Content of Dry Beans from the Three Soy Cultivarsa https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-different-soy-parts-cv-emiliana-2wia1w56.png Table 1. Composition of Different Soy Parts (cv. Emiliana) Collected after 77 Daysa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-tic-profile-in-negative-ion-mode-and-the-3gzy7gf6.png Figure 4. (A) TIC profile, in negative ion mode, and the extracted ions for (B) quercetin (m/z 301) and (C) kaempferol (m/z 285) of a hydroalcholic extract of leaves from cv. Emiliana. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-positive-ion-mass-spectrum-acquired-by-api-2dyh5k5t.png Figure 3. Positive ion mass spectrum acquired by API-electrospray HPLC/ MS analysis of coumestrol malonylglucoside from the hydroalcoholic extract from soy roots. https://scispace.com/papers/polyphenol-intake-and-differentiated-thyroid-cancer-risk-in-2b3wooyyxg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-an-inverse-association-between-the-intake-of-both-27ts60x2.png Table 4. An inverse association between the intake of both total polyphenols 206 and phenolic acids and differentiated TC, particularly papillary TC, in subjects 207 with a BMI ≥25; but not in those with BMI<25 (P for interaction =0.28). However, 208 they did not reach the Bonferroni threshold (Table 3). Similarly, a borderline 209 statistically significant interaction, on the additive scale, was observed by BMI 210 for total polyphenol (P for interaction = 0.08) and for phenolic acids (P for 211 interaction = 0.06) (Supplementary figure 2). 212 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hazard-ratios-95-cis-for-thyroid-cancer-according-to-1phm4k7b.png Table 2. Hazard ratios (95% CIs) for thyroid cancer, according to the intake of sex-specific quartiles of polyphenol classes and subclasses in the EPIC study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-hazard-ratio-for-differentiated-thyroid-cancer-tc-xtshzdpm.png Table 4. An inverse association between the intake of both total polyphenols 206 and phenolic acids and differentiated TC, particularly papillary TC, in subjects 207 with a BMI ≥25; but not in those with BMI<25 (P for interaction =0.28). However, 208 they did not reach the Bonferroni threshold (Table 3). Similarly, a borderline 209 statistically significant interaction, on the additive scale, was observed by BMI 210 for total polyphenol (P for interaction = 0.08) and for phenolic acids (P for 211 interaction = 0.06) (Supplementary figure 2). 212 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-the-participants-10dy1ye3.png Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the participants according to sex-specific quartiles of total polyphenol intake in the EPIC study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hazard-ratios-95-cis-of-the-associations-between-3ei71vdd.png Table 3. Hazard ratios (95% CIs) of the associations between polyphenol classes and the risk of papillary and follicular thyroid cancers in the EPIC study. https://scispace.com/papers/polypyrrole-micro-actuators-1gmtassfe5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-cell-tapper-with-all-electrodes-on-chip-the-top-21hqpe7l.png Fig. 2. The cell tapper with all electrodes on-chip. The top electrode is the (quasi-) Ag/AgCl reference (50x100 m), the https://scispace.com/papers/polyphenoloxidase-activity-and-total-phenolic-content-as-11ucpwrzay 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-value-of-minimally-processed-jonagored-apple-1iexhmde.png Figure 1. a* value of minimally processed ‘Jonagored’ apple during storage at 4°C in the dark. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-l-value-of-minimally-processed-jonagored-apple-1mrng72j.png Figure 3. L* value of minimally processed ‘Jonagored’ apple during storage at 4°C in the dark. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hue-angle-of-minimally-processed-jonagored-apple-m8srg7k6.png Figure 2. Hue angle of minimally processed ‘Jonagored’ apple during storage at 4°C in the dark. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-r2-between-phenolic-content-and-colour-22n0ss4h.png Table 2. Correlations (R2) between phenolic content and colour parameters, browning index and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activity of minimally processed ‘Jonagored’ during storage https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-r2-between-browning-index-and-colour-16w0obra.png Table 3. Correlations (R2) between browning index and colour parameters of minimally processed ‘Jonagored’ during storage https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlations-r2-between-ppo-activity-u-g-1-protein-disl709g.png Table 1. Correlations (R2) between PPO activity (U g 1 protein min 1) and several parameters of minimally processed ‘Jonagored’ during storage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-browning-index-bi-of-minimally-processed-jonagored-g67trf1g.png Figure 8. Browning index (BI) of minimally processed ‘Jonagored’ apple during storage at 4°C in the dark. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-total-phenolic-content-g-dopaminekg-1-of-minimally-2om91ddb.png Figure 7. Total phenolic content ( g dopaminekg 1) of minimally processed ‘Jonagored’ apple during storage at 4°C in the dark. https://scispace.com/papers/polypropylene-foam-behaviour-under-dynamic-loadings-strain-15wmvby5gw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measurement-of-average-cell-dimensions-a-cell-surface-2ystj302.png Fig. 4. Measurement of average cell dimensions: (a) cell surface r¼ 34 kgm 3, (b) cell surface r¼ 76 kgm 3, (c) cell surface r¼ 110 kgm 3, and (d) cell edge lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-foam-block-cubic-and-cylindrical-specimens-wylmq0kl.png Fig. 5. Foam block, cubic and cylindrical specimens. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-plateau-stress-modulus-as-a-function-of-the-strain-s7tm9kfv.png Fig. 19. Plateau stress modulus as a function of the strain rate for different foam densities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-stress-strain-curves-for-two-different-epp-foam-5b72rhoz.png Fig. 20. Stress–strain curves for two different EPP foam microstructures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-collapse-stress-as-a-function-of-the-strain-rate-for-3rc99w30.png Fig. 18. Collapse stress as a function of the strain rate for different foam densities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-28-path-of-the-pulse-generated-by-impact-bacon-1998-34-3361gb5b.png Fig. 28. Path of the pulse generated by impact, (Bacon 1998, [34]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-intermediate-compressive-stress-strain-curves-for-epp-2ecv87qu.png Fig. 8. Intermediate compressive stress–strain curves for EPP foams at about 200 s 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-quasi-static-compressive-stress-strain-curves-of-epp-j2wpal0n.png Fig. 6. Quasi-static compressive stress–strain curves of EPP foams at about 0.01 s 1. https://scispace.com/papers/polyunsaturated-fatty-acid-structure-determines-the-strength-3yy16cz8wy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-negatively-charged-pufa-head-group-is-critical-for-e70v16fm.png Fig. 3. A negatively charged PUFA head group is critical for potentiation of ASIC3. (A) Structures of AA (top) and the various head groups (below) used to replace AA’s native carboxyl head group, creating AA-derivatives used in B-D. (B) Magnitude of shifts (∆pH0.5) in ASIC3 pH dependence of activation induced by 10µM of the various AA head group derivatives from panel A (Values and statistics given in Table 1). (C) ∆pH0.5 values from B plotted as a function of the of calculated pKa for the AA-derivatives. AA-derivative with EP head group is plotted twice, reflecting its 2 pKa values. Neutrally charged head groups (light blue) are plotted to the left of the break in x-axis (at pKa=7) representing that they either are permanently neutral, or the pKa is sufficiently large that head groups remain neutral at all pH values tested. (D) Plot showing the fractional change in peak current for three different lipids at increasing lipid concentrations. Currents were measured from pH jumps from 8.0 to 6.6 and peak currents at each concentration were normalized to peaks in the absence of PUFA. (E) Plot showing the pH0.5 of 3 pairs of lipids. Tail length and double bond position is indicated on the y-axis. Head group is indicated in the key. Arrows denote the shift from the carboxyl head group to the substituted head group. All data given as Mean ± SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effects-of-pufa-tail-properties-on-asic-potentiation-a-2k0123yn.png Fig. 4. Effects of PUFA tail properties on ASIC potentiation. (A) Magnitude of shifts (∆pH0.5) in ASIC3 pH dependence of activation induced by 10µM of PUFAs with differing tails. Tails are grouped by tail length and then ordered based on the magnitude of their effect. The exact positions of the tail double bonds are given on the y-axis. (Data given in Table 1). (B) Heat map showing various tail properties (length, number of double bonds, number of single rotatable bonds, and ωnumber) for the data in panel A. Each row in panel B corresponds to the PUFA adjacent in panel A. Dark red indicates largest alkaline ∆pH0.5 measured while dark green indicates a small acidic shift. (C) Structures (top) and ∆pH0.5 (bottom) for two PUFAs with identical double bond positions but differing acyl tail lengths (pH0.5 = 6.83 ± 0.03, n = 5, p < 0.0001 for [22(4,7,10,13,16)]; and 6.57 ± 0.02, n = 6, p = 0.68 for [19(4,7,10,13,16,19)]). (D) Plot showing the fractional change in peak current for two different lipids at increasing lipid concentrations. Currents were measured from pH jumps from 8.0 to 6.6 and peak currents at each concentration were normalized to peaks in the absence of PUFA. All data given as Mean ± SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ph0-5-values-for-asic3-and-asic1a-mutants-58fjk6kj.png Table 2: pH0.5 values for ASIC3 and ASIC1a mutants. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pufa-potentiation-of-asics-is-dependent-on-an-arginine-1vg0imo7.png Fig. 5. PUFA potentiation of ASICs is dependent on an arginine residue in TM1. (A) pH dependence of activation of ASIC1a control and +10µM DHA (pH0.5 = 6.43 ± 0.05, n = 7 for control; and 6.70 ± 0.02, n = 6 for ASIC1a + 10µM DHA; p = 0.002). (B) Subsequent pH 6.6 activations from a holding pH (8.0) for ASIC3 demonstrates that internal application of 10µM AG does not potentiate ASIC3 while extracellular 10µM AG produces a rapid potentiation. (C) Sequence alignment for the extracellular segments of TM1 and TM2 for chicken ASIC1a, rat ASIC1a, and rat ASIC3. Highlighted residues represent potential PUFA regulation sites. (D) pH0.5 for ASIC mutants with and without 10µM DHA (Data given in Table 2). (E) Structure of ggASIC1a. Highlighted residues correspond to same colors in C. All mutated residues that showed diminished potentiation upon application of 10µM DHA compared to WT are found within the same “pocket” which may serve as the key interaction site for the PUFA head group. Structure visualized using Chimera 1.12 and PDB 6VTK (63). All data given as Mean ± SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-aa-stabilizes-the-open-state-of-asic3-a-representative-3ntlldns.png Fig. 1. AA stabilizes the open state of ASIC3. (A) Representative whole-cell recordings showing pH dependent activation of ASIC3 and +/-10µM AA. (B) pH response curves for ASIC3 in control and with application of 10µM AA. Right curves show the pH dependence of activation (Activation pH0.5 = 6.68 ± 0.01, n = 7 for AA; and 6.56 ± 0.01, n = 70 for Control; p = 0.00002) while left curves show the pH dependence of desensitization (Desensitization pH0.5 = 6.99 ± 0.01, n = 6 for AA; and 7.00 ± 0.01, n = 5 for Control; p = 0.619). (C) Curves showing the pH dependence of activation of ASIC3 at different concentrations of AA (6.56 ± 0.01, n = 70 for Control; pH0.5 = 6.57 ± 0.02, n = 5 for 1µM; 6.68 ± 0.01, n = 7 for 10µM; 6.77 ± 0.03, n = 7 for 50µM; 6.80 ± 0.02, n = 6 for 65µM). (D) Activation pH0.5 values from data in C plotted as a function of concentration yields a half-maximal activation concentration (EC50) = 9.73µM ± 3.40µM. (E) (left) Representative pH 5.5-evoked currents from a single cell. (right) Bar plot showing the fractional change in the maximum conductance (Gmax) in response to two concentrations of AA (Foldincrease in Gmax = 1.18 ± 0.06, n = 10, p = 0.01 for 10µM AA; and 1.27 ± 0.09, n = 10, p = 0.02 for 50µM AA). (F) Bar plot showing the desensitization rate of ASIC3 currents at different concentrations of AA (Fold-increase in time constant (τ) = 1.17 ± 0.05, n = 11, p = 0.02 for 10µM AA; and 1.33 ± 0.15, n = 11, p = 0.0005 for 50µM AA). Time constants were determined by a single exponential fit of currents generated by 3s application of pH 5.5 solution. Each τAA was normalized to τControl for each individual cell prior to averaging. Mean τControl = 402.15 ± 16.55, n = 33. All data given as Mean ± SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ph0-5-values-for-asic3-activation-for-each-pufa-3no4gsts.png Table 1: pH0.5 values for ASIC3 activation for each PUFA measured at 10µM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-other-pufas-and-pufa-derivatives-more-strongly-3nt1dlz1.png Fig. 2. Other PUFAs and PUFA derivatives more strongly potentiate ASIC3. (A) Curves showing the pH dependence of activation of ASIC3 in the presence of different lipids (pH0.5 = 6.57 ± 0.04, n = 7, p = 0.86 for OA; 6.83 ± 0.03, n=5, p < 0.0001 for DHA; and 6.90 ± 0.03, n=5, p < 0.0001 for AG). Control and +10µM AA pH dependences replotted from Fig. 1. (B) Curves showing the pH dependence of desensitization in the presence of different lipids (pH0.5 = 7.03 ± 0.05, n=6, p = 0.582 for DHA; and 7.04 ± 0.02, n=5, p = 0.075 for AG). (C) Bar plot showing the fractional change in the maximum conductance (Gmax) in response to four different lipids concentrations of AA (Fold-increase in Gmax = 1.04 ± 0.05, n = 4, p = 0.51 for OA; 1.17 ± 0.03, n = 9, p = 0.01 for DHA; and 1.24 ± 0.06, n = 10, p = 0.006 for AG). AA replotted from Fig. 1 for comparison. (D) Bar plot showing the desensitization rate of ASIC3 currents with different lipids at two concentrations AA (Fold-increase in τ = 1.02 ± 0.02, n = 4, p = 0.33 for 10µM OA; 1.11 ± 0.02, n = 4, p = 0.025 for 50µM OA; 1.16 ± 0.02, n = 9, p = 0.0002 for 10µM DHA; 1.68 ± 0.08, n = 9, p < 0.0001 for 50µM DHA; 1.45± 0.07, n = 9, p = 0.0005 for 10µM AG; and 2.12 ± 0.21, n = 4, p = 0.0048 for 50µM AG). Time constants were determined by a single exponential fit of currents generated by 3s application of pH 5.5 solution. Each τPUFA was normalized to τControl for each individual cell prior to averaging. Mean τControl = 402.15 ± 16.55, n = 33. (E) Representative ASIC3 currents evoked by application of AG at pH 7.4. (F) Representative ASIC3 currents evoked by application of AG at pH 7.1. All data given as Mean ± SEM. https://scispace.com/papers/ponder2-a-policy-environment-for-autonomous-pervasive-3qwsmlt0aw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-domain-event-bus-1c6iwn8i.png Figure 1. The Domain Event Bus https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-imported-domain-hierarchy-1l2lqrxs.png Figure 3. Imported Domain Hierarchy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-protocol-plug-ins-1attvmrm.png Figure 2. Protocol Plug-ins https://scispace.com/papers/pontryagin-s-minimum-principle-based-model-predictive-4my6fw6a4u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-open-circuit-voltage-and-internal-resistance-with-1lr70se4.png Fig. 7. Open circuit voltage and internal resistance with respect to SOC of a single battery cell [23]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-efficiency-of-the-driving-motor-46-5dv7rfoe.png Fig. 6. Efficiency of the driving motor [46]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-local-soc-profiles-from-1h-to-2h-obtained-using-xcxoilyw.png Fig. 14. Local SOC profiles (from 1h to 2h) obtained using shooting method for each prediction horizon (horizon = 5s). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-output-power-of-egu-and-battery-horizon-5s-14k1mqgy.png Fig. 13. Output power of EGU and battery (horizon = 5s). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-co-state-traces-obtained-using-the-shooting-method-23g6xmxc.png Fig. 15. Co-state traces obtained using the shooting method (horizon = 5s). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-initial-co-state-value-of-each-shooting-process-2jbzpy3r.png Fig. 23. Initial co-state value of each shooting process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-optimal-co-state-trace-13atu26e.png Fig. 24. Optimal co-state trace. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-speed-profiles-sampled-from-city-bus-route-46-7myj35iz.png Fig. 8. Speed profiles sampled from city bus route [46]. https://scispace.com/papers/ponderosa-pine-provenances-for-the-northern-great-plains-3eu6pzt909 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-collection-locations-of-ponderosa-pine-for-the-2xwrcu90.png Figure 1.— Collection locations of ponderosa pine for the North Dakota provenance test (distribution map from Critchfield and Little 1966). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ten-year-mean-survival-and-height-growth-of-eight-23wxzb5f.png Table 4.—Ten-year mean survival and height growth of eight cluster groups of ponderosa pine 1 provenances at Towner, N. Dak. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-provenance-location-data-for-ponderosa-pine-2jj544y8.png Table 1.— Provenance location data for ponderosa pine provenance test at Towner, N. Dak. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-weighted-mean-height-growth-of-eight-geographical-386kc7i2.png Figure 3.—Weighted mean height growth of eight geographical clusters of ponderosa pines at Towner, N. Dak. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-north-dakota-ponderosa-pine-provenance-test-average-352konnm.png Table 2.— North Dakota ponderosa pine provenance test; average survival and height growth for 79 provenances https://scispace.com/papers/pondering-practice-enhancing-the-art-of-reflection-1l2qjis7zl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-theme-and-subthemes-196ujoyz.png TABLE 1 – KEY THEME AND SUBTHEMES https://scispace.com/papers/pooled-analysis-of-the-prognostic-relevance-of-disseminated-1ufuxq4c8c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kaplan-meier-survival-analysis-depending-on-bm-12gu6h7v.png FIGURE 1. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis depending on BM status, P values calculated by the log-rank test (a, OS; b, PFS). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multivariate-hazard-ratios-for-death-and-relapse-18ju2259.png TABLE 3. Multivariate hazard ratios for death and relapse https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-survival-analysis-of-456-patients-depending-on-bm-3lqlxrk1.png TABLE 2. Survival analysis of 456 patients depending on BM status https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-prognostic-relevance-of-dtc-and-ctc-in-ovarian-212k6f1x.png TABLE 4. Prognostic relevance of DTC and CTC in ovarian cancer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-subgroup-analysis-patients-with-figo-stages-iii-to-2aqdbydb.png FIGURE 3. Subgroup analysis: patients with FIGO stages III to IV (n = 299); Kaplan-Meier OS analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-incidence-of-dtc-in-patients-with-ovarian-cancer-37lo6whn.png TABLE 1. Incidence of DTC in patients with ovarian cancer based on diagnosis and clinical-pathological factors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-subgroup-analysis-high-grade-serous-carcinoma-n-295-mgfpw464.png FIGURE 2. Subgroup analysis: high-grade serous carcinoma (n = 295); Kaplan-Meier OS analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/pooled-genomic-indexing-pgi-analysis-and-design-of-4v2yjqrcyx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sparse-arrays-bmp55gl5.png Figure 3: Sparse arrays https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ambiguities-and-false-positives-1rdjfvjr.png Figure 2: Ambiguities and false positives https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-preserved-rectangles-3ddxzo7p.png Figure 4: Preserved rectangles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mapping-success-vs-read-coverage-13hlxmce.png Figure 6: Mapping success vs. read coverage https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-loss-of-information-due-to-pooling-2hhp3odf.png Table 4: Loss of information due to pooling https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-indexing-of-mouse-clones-30t5rxcj.png Table 3: Indexing of mouse clones https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-indexing-rat-clones-2qjajndv.png Table 5: Indexing rat clones https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-failure-probabilities-199ow2vf.png Figure 5: Failure probabilities https://scispace.com/papers/poor-health-related-quality-of-life-of-patients-with-7uieabz3f4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-3jw0ew1i.png Table II. https://scispace.com/papers/poor-metacomprehension-accuracy-as-a-result-of-inappropriate-34hlkkkxr4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-proportion-of-participants-who-reported-1hpm036x.png Table 2 Number (Proportion) of Participants who Reported Basing Comprehension Ratings on a Particular Cue by Condition and Reading Group in Response to Global Cue Use Question https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-needs-to-be-re-made-with-percentages-because-there-ycp7v1g6.png Figure 2 needs to be re-made with percentages. Because there were very different numbers of participants in the typical and at-risk groups, it is difficult to compare how often each group used the various cues. The differences are not as large as one might expect from the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-on-metacomprehension-2z5e347j.png Table 1 Descriptive Statistics on Metacomprehension Judgments and Test Performance by Condition, Reading Group and Experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-metacomprehension-accuracy-by-summary-iszgf8ry.png Figure 1. Mean metacomprehension accuracy by summary condition and reading group. The error bars represent the standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/papers/poor-glycemic-control-in-type-2-diabetes-in-the-south-of-the-uzxfnpldyu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristic-mean-sd-or-n-of-the-1267-type-2-gx0cshan.png Table 1: Characteristic (mean ± SD or n (%)) of the 1267 type 2 diabetes patients from 1 Cameroon and Guinea. 2 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-odds-ratios-95-confidence-intervals-of-factors-35eu0b9e.png Table 3: Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of factors associated independently with 1 poor glycemic control (HbA1c≥7%) in type 2 diabetes patients in Cameroon and Guinea 2 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-odds-ratios-for-factors-associated-with-poor-shkyj1p4.png Table 2: Odds ratios for factors associated with poor diabetes control (HbA1c ≥7%) in type 2 1 diabetes patients in Cameroon and Guinea 2 3 https://scispace.com/papers/poof-part-based-one-vs-one-features-for-fine-grained-1y3g8nsnu6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-on-the-lfw-benchmark-our-result-and-the-top-1a8o5s4n.png Figure 5. Results on the LFW benchmark. Our result, and the top four previous results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-poofs-with-low-level-features-on-the-3c24yyn5.png Figure 6. Comparison of POOFs with low-level features on the LFW benchmark. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-learning-a-part-based-one-vs-one-feature-poof-for-3ecjsp9h.png Figure 1. Learning a Part-based One-vs-One Feature (POOF) for bird species identification. Given (a) a reference dataset of images labeled with class (species) and part locations, a POOF is defined by specifying two classes, one part for feature extraction, another part for alignment, and a low-level “base feature.” (b) Samples of the two chosen classes are taken from the dataset and (c) aligned to put the two chosen parts in fixed locations. (d) The aligned images are divided into cells at multiple scales, from which the base feature is extracted. A linear classifier is trained to distinguish the two classes, giving (e) a weight to each cell. We threshold the weights and find the maximal connected component contiguous to the chosen feature part, setting this as (f) the support region for the POOF. Finally, a classifier is trained on the base feature values from just the support region. The output of this classifier is our one-vs-one feature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-attribute-classification-accuracy-for-each-attribute-2h9pmycf.png Table 1. Attribute classification accuracy. For each attribute, the first row gives the baseline accuracy obtained by training directly on the low-level base features (color and gradient direction histograms), and the second row gives accuracies using our POOFs. The more accurate of the two is in bold. The last column gives accuracies of the classifiers of Kumar et al. [14] on the same test images, in bold when better than the POOFs classifier with 600 training samples. The last row shows the average improvement of the POOFs over the low-level features or [14]. As these are binary attributes, chance gives 50% accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bird-species-classification-accuracy-on-the-3bbyxka1.png Figure 3. Bird species classification accuracy on the “birdlets” subset of 14 woodpeckers and vireos defined in [9]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bird-species-classification-accuracy-on-the-full-2k9sd7u1.png Figure 2. Bird species classification accuracy on the full 200- species CUBS benchmark. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-face-parts-from-the-detector-of-2-1ozf9ij0.png Figure 4. Face parts from the detector of [2]. https://scispace.com/papers/poor-people-s-beliefs-and-the-dynamics-of-clientelism-3ddtn8iyb2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-benchmark-efficacy-levels-consistent-with-rational-3cb407yn.png Figure 2. Benchmark efficacy levels consistent with rational expectations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-probability-of-redistribution-p-p-u-32d8ayve.png Figure 1. Probability of redistribution P(p, u). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-static-equilibria-2o8tfjrw.png Figure 3. Static equilibria. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dynamics-3lr3uwhl.png Figure 4. Dynamics. https://scispace.com/papers/poorer-auditory-sensitivity-is-related-to-stronger-visual-tdrpkcbbas 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-behavioral-measures-and-mmnm-37e1a3ny.png Table 2. Correlations between behavioral measures and MMNm amplitudes in the four conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pairwise-comparisons-19m8u5ph.png Table 1. Pairwise comparisons https://scispace.com/papers/popin-gg-a-resource-for-modular-assembly-in-protein-36b3hzkzjw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-popin-gg-acceptors-and-compatible-vectors-available-2eo0trc9.png Table 2. pOPIN-GG acceptors and compatible vectors available on Addgene 402 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-expression-and-purification-of-avr-pikf-in-popin-ct0j6dt9.png Figure 3. Expression and purification of AVR-PikF in pOPIN vectors vs AVR-PikF in 385 pOPIN-GG vectors. AVR-PikF was cloned into the pOPIN vectors pOPIN-F, pOPIN-S3C, 386 pOPIN-M, and pOPIN-E (with additional SUMO tag to aid solubility). The equivalent constructs 387 were produced in the pOPIN-GG system, as well as an additional 6xHIS-GB1-tagged 388 construct. Constructs were expressed in E. coli SHuffle cells and purified using Ni-NTA affinity 389 resin before being visualised by SDS-PAGE. 390 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-co-expression-and-purification-of-avr-pikf-and-21c8wkwa.png Figure 4. Co-expression and purification of AVR-PikF and OsHIPP19 using the pOPIN-391 GG system. An untagged construct of AVR-PikF was generated using pPGC-K and co-392 expressed with OsHIPP19 cloned with a 6xHIS-GB1 solubility tag in pPGN-C E. coli SHuffle 393 cells. Constructs were purified using Ni2+-mediated immobilised metal affinity chromatography 394 (IMAC) coupled with size exclusion chromatography (SEC) before visualised via SDS-PAGE. 395 A) SEC chromatogram of the AVR-PikF / OsHIPP19 complex. Blue box indicates the fractions 396 analysed by SDS-PAGE. B) Instant blue® Coomassie-stained SDS-PAGE gel of the fractions 397 from SEC showing the co-elution of the AVR-PikF and OsHIPP19 proteins, indicating complex 398 formation. 399 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overhang-sequences-for-primers-to-clone-tags-and-3t4kk85k.png Table 1. Overhang sequences for primers to clone tags and inserts into various 400 acceptors. 401 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cloning-strategy-flowcharts-the-popin-gg-vectors-eyzxi5wq.png Figure 2. Cloning strategy flowcharts. The pOPIN-GG vectors enable N-terminally tagged, 371 C-terminally tagged, or untagged constructs. A) Cloning strategy for N-terminal tagging. GOI 372 requires overhangs 5’ AATG and 3’ GCTT which can be revealed from BsaI treatment of a 373 level 0 vector or added by PCR. The GOI can then been combined with one of the pPGN 374 acceptor and N-terminal tag level 0 vectors to generate an N-terminally tagged level 1 375 construct. B) Cloning strategy for C-terminal tagging. GOI requires overhangs 5’ AATG and 3’ 376 TTCG which can be revealed from BsaI treatment of a level 0 vector or added via PCR. The 377 GOI can then be combined with one of the pPGC acceptor and C-terminal tag level 0 vectors 378 https://scispace.com/papers/popfor-a-new-model-for-estimating-poplar-yields-69qdngkrcm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-intensive-management-1st-and-2nd-rotation-with-the-2jl1o42v.png Table 6: Intensive Management 1st and 2nd rotation with the Stendell sites being 2nd harvest and all other sites 1st harvest. Associated PAW shows how much water is available for the poplar plants at each site. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-comparison-of-measured-and-modelled-yield-on-all-9esoicpf.png Fig. 8: A comparison of measured and modelled yield on all intensive sites shows that PopFor can simulate these yields well. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-measured-and-modelled-yield-results-for-1kn0iio5.png Fig. 4: Comparison of measured and modelled yield results for all sites with yields above 10 DM t ha-1 y-1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-parameters-tested-in-the-sensitivity-1cnd91oi.png Table 3: Comparison of parameters tested in the sensitivity analysis with original parameters in the PopFor model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plot-of-the-measured-against-modelled-popfor-results-3uduvdlj.png Fig. 3: Plot of the measured against modelled PopFor results for all sites during second harvest with optimum plant available water, plotted against a 1:1 line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-kummerow-1-2-and-3-measured-and-modelled-yields-show-3i0zqwk6.png Fig. 5: Kummerow 1, 2 and 3 measured and modelled yields show how much plant development changes with establishment, soil and groundwater access. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-comparison-of-measured-and-modelled-yield-results-at-1sn6srts.png Fig. 6: A comparison of measured and modelled yield results at Gross Radden and Stendell sites. In this comparison are Max 1, Max 3 and Max 4 genotypes included. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-of-1st-rotation-extensive-against-intensive-2ofl791h.png Fig. 9: Comparison of 1st rotation extensive against intensive measured yields over all BIODEM sites. https://scispace.com/papers/popular-culture-participation-and-progression-in-the-3l2t5n57rb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sadias-little-girl-desires-the-rabbit-and-4nqt9s7w.png Figure 4: Sadia’s little girl desires the rabbit and friendship https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-storyboard-from-the-opening-of-a-nightmare-before-1c5r4gx8.png Figure 1: A storyboard from the opening of ‘A Nightmare Before Christmas’. Caption 1: Close up shot of a little light. Caption 2: Another close up shot of the light and two leaves circling around the light. Caption 3: A close up of the pumpkin scarecrow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-rabbit-is-depicted-here-desiring-the-big-wheel-3kgs311h.png Figure 3: The rabbit is depicted here desiring the big wheel and freedom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mayas-storyboard-image-based-on-the-film-lucky-dip-32vbry3z.png Figure 2: Maya’s storyboard image based on the film Lucky Dip https://scispace.com/papers/population-age-ineligible-for-covid-19-vaccine-in-the-united-jarqe0vng4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-population-age-ineligible-for-sars-cov-2-vaccine-in-2nar4b00.png Table 1. Population Age-Ineligible for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in the 30 Largest-Population Counties, Grouped Geographically https://scispace.com/papers/population-attributable-fractions-for-continuously-q5oqklcqwh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-paft2-t3-is-the-result-of-applying-formula-13-to-the-35rbfqds.png Table 2: ˆPAFT2,T3 is the result of applying formula (13) to the three INTERSTROKE exposures, divided into tertiles, with estimated odds ratios replacing relative risks. ˆPAF0.001is an estimate of (15) with q= 0.001. Note that attributable fractions are displayed as percentages rather than proportions in this table. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-intervals-corresonding-to-paf0-1-paf0-3-and-paf0-5-q0sjfff0.png Figure 2: Intervals corresonding to PAF0.1,PAF0.3 and PAF0.5 for waist hip ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pafq-for-ahei-diet-score-waist-hip-ratio-and-apob-3kychg1a.png Table 1: ˆPAFq for AHEI diet score, Waist Hip Ratio and ApoB/ApoA calculated using INTERSTROKE. 95% confidence intervals (calculated with Bootstrap) are in parentheses. Note that attributable fractions are displayed as percentages rather than proportions in this table. https://scispace.com/papers/population-ageing-and-intertemporal-consumption-3ty52lb7mo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-consumption-weights-is-by-age-10tu5cq0.png Figure 1 Consumption Weights, is , by Age https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-optimal-consumption-growth-for-social-planner-3uhgwczq.png Figure 4 Optimal Consumption Growth For Social Planner: Equivalent Persons as Unit of Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-difference-between-optimal-consumption-paths-1xz192ui.png Figure 5 Difference Between Optimal Consumption Paths https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-series-for-p-n-2bq0irqq.png Figure 2 Series For p n− https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-percentage-difference-in-consumption-levels-for-mz8m0lhx.png Figure 6 Percentage Difference in Consumption Levels for Given Present Value of Consumption Over the Period https://scispace.com/papers/population-aging-and-individual-attitudes-toward-immigration-3ysjqj2fdm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-transitions-for-immigration-concerns-1bp2eby4.png Table 2: Transitions for Immigration Concerns https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-effects-of-different-assets-on-immigration-concerns-2s3x87ck.png Table 10: Effects of Different Assets on Immigration Concerns, OLS vs. Non Linear Models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-marginal-effect-of-age-on-immigration-concerns-ols-1xg9cvjj.png Figure 6: Marginal Effect of Age on Immigration Concerns, OLS vs. FE https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-statistics-for-control-variables-164o2ss7.png Table 6: Summary Statistics for Control Variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-predicted-immigration-concerns-by-age-ols-vs-fe-sfh5ez11.png Figure 7: Predicted Immigration Concerns by Age, OLS vs. FE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-age-on-the-predicted-probabilities-for-1afix5w1.png Figure 4: Effect of Age on the Predicted Probabilities for Immigration Concerns, Ordered Probit Including Year of Birth https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-has-shown-that-there-are-significant-differences-in-y0o2nidm.png Table 8 has shown that there are significant differences in immigration concerns across different years. As a robustness check, separate ordered probit models are estimated for each year.13 Since age and year of birth are https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-marginal-effect-of-age-on-the-difference-in-2inb7edo.png Figure 10: Marginal Effect of Age on the Difference in Concerns, OLS vs. FE https://scispace.com/papers/population-ageing-and-pension-systems-in-latin-america-qz62zqx940 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2g4zphow.png FIGURE 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-latin-america-and-the-caribbean-selected-countries-2irz3xwg.png FIGURE 2 Latin America and the Caribbean (selected countries): Pension system expenditure and financial balance, by degree of population ageing, 1990-1993 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-latin-america-and-the-caribbean-implicit-pension-2hr6t8m2.png FIGURE 5 Latin America and the Caribbean: Implicit pension debt (Percentage of GDP) https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-2r0qq4am.png TABLE A.1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simulated-values-for-implicit-pension-debt-and-3d7jy535.png FIGURE 4 Simulated values for implicit pension debt and implicit rate of return of the pension system, in accordance with the model conditionsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulation-of-pension-system-expenditure-and-17nduiss.png FIGURE 3 Simulation of pension system expenditure and financial balance by degree of ageing, in accordance with the model conditionsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-world-ageing-outlook-by-region-1990-2050-population-1fvrjg64.png FIGURE 1 World ageing outlook, by region, 1990-2050 (Population aged 65 and over/population aged 15 to 64) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pension-debt-under-different-demographic-4qbsas0u.png FIGURE 6 Pension debt under different demographic conditionsa https://scispace.com/papers/population-based-screening-for-severe-combined-4ku2icgloi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primer-sequences-and-tms-for-pcr-amplification-3a458y2x.png Table 1. Primer sequences and Tms for PCR amplification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-representative-temperature-shifted-difference-15ytlee6.png Figure 2. Representative Temperature Shifted Difference Curves. The temperature shifted difference curves further resolve clusters of the same genotype and clearly differentiate the ZAP70 homozygous affected (green line), heterozygous (blue line) and wild type (red line) genotypes (A) and the IKBKB homozygous affected (blue line), heterozygous (green line) and wild type (red line) genotypes (B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-negative-first-regression-adjusted-raw-fluorescent-37n58s7n.png Figure 1. Negative First Regression Adjusted Raw Fluorescent Data of Amplified Products. In Panel A the peaks of ZAP70* and IKBKB# represent the melting temperatures of all the ZAP70 and IKBKB amplicons where there is 50% loss of fluorescent signal intensity, that is, the point at which one half of the double stranded amplicon DNA is denatured. The rate of change in fluorescence as the temperature rises is determined by plotting the negative first regression of relative fluorescence (RFU) vs. Temperature (−d(RFU)/dT) on the y-axis. Panel B shows the results when the Precision Melt Analysis software normalized the raw fluorescent data (A) and set pre- and post-melt signals to relative values of 1.0 to 0. The normalized melt curves produced were distinct for the ZAP70 amplicons (Top B) and the IKBKB amplicons (Bottom B). https://scispace.com/papers/population-cycles-in-the-pine-looper-moth-dynamical-tests-of-l39far4ukt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-five-replicate-simulations-of-each-contending-model-c6zr9e5w.png FIG. 2. Five replicate simulations of each contending model, using parameters found by fitting the models to Culbin. Dashed lines are drawn at the minimum and maximum observed pupal density values in the empirical time series. The actual data are shown in the bottom row, in untransformed, log-transformed, and fifth-root-transformed scales. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fits-of-the-off-the-shelf-maternal-effects-and-1ya8ktzh.png TABLE 4. Fits of the off-the-shelf maternal effects and parasitoid models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-evidence-suggesting-a-maternal-effects-mechanism-in-2d47npxy.png FIG. 1. Evidence suggesting a maternal effects mechanism in Dutch Bupalus populations (data from Klomp [1966, 1968]). (a) Effect of egg density on pupal mass. The line is the fitted nonlinear regression (Eq. 11). (b) Effect of pupal mass on per capita adult fecundity. The line is the fitted linear regression equation (r2 5 0.82, F1,12 5 54.6, P , 0.001). (c, d) Relationship between egg-to-adult survival (plotted on a log scale) and (c) egg density and (d) maternal pupal mass. Multiple r2 5 0.49, F2,11 5 5.37, P 5 0.02 for linear regression of log survival on egg density and maternal pupal mass. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fits-of-the-models-in-three-forests-9nnfotpe.png TABLE 2. Fits of the models in three forests. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-five-replicate-simulations-of-each-contending-model-21trvwqu.png FIG. 4. Five replicate simulations of each contending model, using parameters found by fitting the models to Tentsmuir. Dashed lines are drawn at the minimum and maximum observed pupal density values in the empirical time series. The actual data are shown in the bottom row, in untransformed, log-transformed, and fifth-root-transformed scales. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nonlinear-predictability-of-bupalus-pupal-density-32g19keq.png TABLE 1. Nonlinear predictability of Bupalus pupal density time series. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-five-replicate-simulations-of-each-contending-model-3banu0ih.png FIG. 3. Five replicate simulations of each contending model, using parameters found by fitting the models to Roseisle. Dashed lines are drawn at the minimum and maximum observed pupal density values in the empirical time series. The actual data are shown in the bottom row, in untransformed, log-transformed, and fifth-root-transformed scales. https://scispace.com/papers/population-estimation-mining-using-satellite-imagery-3betjb6fko 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-illustration-of-the-graph-based-image-1otbnsmr.png Fig. 5. Schematic illustration of the graph-based image representation processes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-example-of-quadtree-decomposition-v7cqk46t.png Fig. 6. The example of quadtree decomposition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-of-different-classifier-generators-in-gaueybbz.png Table 6. Comparison of different classifier generators in terms of classification performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-different-values-of-k-with-respect-to-1ni84zx4.png Table 5. Comparison of different values of k with respect to Information Gain feature selection in terms of classification performance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-test-site-location-1tskaprq.png Fig. 1. Test site location. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-example-of-tree-construction-1mmv17tk.png Fig. 7. The example of tree construction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-classification-outcomes-using-a-range-of-s-values-1ix3vq0q.png Table 4. Classification outcomes using a range of σ values with respect to the Site A and B data (k = 25) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-examples-of-satellite-images-from-test-sites-a-and-b-1qnb037t.png Fig. 8. Examples of satellite images from test Sites A and B. https://scispace.com/papers/population-inversion-in-an-optically-pumped-single-quantum-i9wvc3j675 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-potential-profile-along-the-growth-direction-of-an-219otc23.png FIG. 1. Potential profile along the growth direction of an intersubband laser device based on an Al0.2Ga0.8As–GaAs–Al0.2Ga0.8As single quantum well. The results are obtained from solving self-consistently the Schro¨dinger equation for eigenfunction and eigenvalue and the Poisson equation for confining potential energy. The input parameters of the calculation are~1! the width of the well layerL517 nm, ~2! the spacer thickness55 nm measured from the AlGaAs/GaAs interfaces,~3! the modulation-doped donor ~Si! concentrationNd52310 18 cm23, ~4! the background acceptor concentrationNa52310 16 cm23, and ~5! the average donor binding energy Ed596 meV measured from the bottom of the conduction band of AlGaAs. The output results of the calculation are~i! there are three subbands in the quantum well,e05233.7 meV,e153.5 meV, ande2561.1 meV measured from the Fermi energyEF ; ~ii ! for an Al0.2Ga0.8As/GaAs heterojunction, the conduction band discontinuity between AlGaAs and GaAs isU0 5147.5 meV; ~iii ! the electron density of the system isne59.4 31011 cm22; and ~iv! the depletion length isd516.0 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/population-inversion-induced-by-landau-zener-transition-in-a-5fz5kdt1l0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-3d-view-of-the-dependence-of-the-1jivwgc8.png FIG. 3. Color online a 3D view of the dependence of the population in R state on the bias flux and MW power. X, y, and z axes represent MW power, the qubit flux bias f q, and the population in R state, respectively. MW frequency is 15.9 GHz. Strong population inversion due to LZ transition is clearly demonstrated. b The population in R state as a function of flux bias and MW power simulated using parameters in our experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-example-data-show-the-dependence-of-the-1ytvavw5.png FIG. 2. Color online a Example data show the dependence of the population in R state on the qubit flux bias without MW irradiation dots and with MW frequency f =15.9 GHz and nominal MW power P=−20 dBm squares , respectively. b Energy-level diagram calculated using the parameters in our experiments. The dashed arrows indicate the position of the resonant dips observed in the experiments as examples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-optical-micrograph-of-the-sample-b-1yh54q6p.png FIG. 1. Color online a Optical micrograph of the sample. b Schematic of the manipulation and measurement of the qubit. c A schematic of the time profile of the manipulation and measurement procedure. https://scispace.com/papers/population-level-management-of-type-1-diabetes-via-4n38d57y1g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interactive-tableau-dashboard-patient-view-100ro2my.png Figure 3: Interactive Tableau Dashboard (Patient View) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-interactive-tableau-dashboard-population-view-h3pcdgic.png Figure 2: Interactive Tableau Dashboard (Population View) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-r-shiny-dashboard-32rrlizo.png Figure 1: R Shiny Dashboard https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-saved-increase-in-clinic-capacity-and-patients-32kp8cmu.png Figure 5: Time Saved, Increase in Clinic Capacity and Patients Eligible after Tool Changes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-population-summary-statistics-by-time-period-14r98eza.png Table 1: Population Summary Statistics by Time Period https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-time-in-range-by-time-since-diabetes-onset-wrdslnlr.png Figure 6: Mean Time in Range by Time Since Diabetes Onset, Comparing Cohorts with and without Remote Monitoring https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-receiver-operating-characteristic-curve-showing-the-167on8bv.png Figure 4: Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Showing the Estimated Improvement in Positive Predictive Value from a Change in Review Criteria, Based on Historical Data https://scispace.com/papers/population-pharmacokinetics-and-pharmacogenetics-of-omzih7qgcc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-s-d-individual-model-predicted-secondary-1v0969ko.png Table 4 Mean (± s.d.) individual model predicted secondary pharmacokinetic parameters for darunavir, ritonavir (800/100 mg once daily), 796 tenofovir [245 mg once daily; dosed as disoproxil fumarate (DF)] and emtricitabine (200 mg once daily). Darunavir and ritonavir parameters are 797 stratified by randomisation arm i.e. antiretroviral backbone (Arm 1: tenofovir-DF/emtricitabine; Arm 2: raltegravir, NRTI-sparing). 798 799 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-population-pharmacokinetic-parameter-estimates-and-1kiirlj8.png Table 3 Population pharmacokinetic parameter estimates and relative standard errors (RSE) derived from the final models for darunavir, ritonavir, 786 tenofovir and emtricitabine. 787 788 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-characteristics-and-demographics-of-341p5ks6.png Table 1 Clinical characteristics and demographics of patients included in the population pharmacokinetic models for the NEAT001/ANRS143 780 pharmacokinetic substudy stratified by study drug [data expressed as median (range) unless stated otherwise]. 781 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-allele-frequencies-for-the-single-nucleotide-1kc7hc6w.png Table 2 Allele frequencies for the single nucleotide polymorphisms investigated for the NEAT001/ANRS143 pharmacokinetic substudy associated 783 with metabolism and transport of the study drugs. 784 https://scispace.com/papers/population-projection-and-policy-implications-for-education-1sqjky5z7h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-trends-in-total-fertility-rate-in-selected-districts-16ksexn1.png Table I. Trends in total fertility rate in selected districts of Kerala https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-projected-life-expectancy-at-birth-6pqqgb5e.png Table IV. Projected life expectancy at birth https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-availability-of-ancillary-facilities-in-schools-2z5je52y.png Table VIII. Availability of ancillary facilities in schools, Kerala and India, 1992 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-availability-of-black-boards-furniture-and-mats-in-2a7r48ek.png Table VII. Availability of black boards, furniture and mats in the schools in Kerala and India, 1992. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-total-fertility-rate-assumption-during-the-218gm660.png Table III . Total fertility rate assumption during the projection period https://scispace.com/figures/table-xiii-disparity-of-literacy-levels-among-caste-groups-3669e7bp.png Table XIII. Disparity of literacy levels among caste groups in Kerala, 1991 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-ii-population-age-pyramids-for-base-year-and-end-year-18bzg968.png Figure II. Population age pyramids for base year and end year, (Medium Variant) Kerala https://scispace.com/figures/figure-iii-pr-ojected-school-age-population-medium-variant-20utkz0o.png Figure III. Pr ojected school age population (Medium Variant), Kerala https://scispace.com/papers/population-technological-progress-and-the-evolution-of-46groftlze 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-parameters-332yiv0g.png Table 1: Model parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-population-size-and-the-annual-population-growth-2o9m74ze.png Figure 1: Population size and the annual population growth rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-population-with-environmental-shocks-and-evolving-aqqekz4v.png Figure 9: Population with environmental shocks and evolving productivity https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sensitivity-testing-generations-to-100000-population-2wbu9lkp.png Table 2: Sensitivity testing - Generations to 100,000 population. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sensitivity-testing-average-innovative-potential-at-173c44bb.png Table 3: Sensitivity testing - Average innovative potential at 100,000 population. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sensitivity-testing-of-more-general-forms-22hygmrb.png Table 4: Sensitivity testing of more general forms - Generations to 100,000 population. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-sensitivity-testing-of-more-general-forms-average-7wvlevlw.png Table 5: Sensitivity testing of more general forms - Average innovative potential at 100,000 population. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-innovative-potential-with-evolution-of-productivity-3rgvp4me.png Figure 6: Innovative potential with evolution of productivity https://scispace.com/papers/population-structure-and-genetic-diversity-of-coffee-3y5ln57mx8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-number-of-snp-molecular-markers-by-chromosome-after-15elo5xr.png Table 5 Number of SNP molecular markers by chromosome after filter 3, genotypic and allelic mean frequencies, and mean PIC of the SNP on each chromosome https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-snp-molecular-markers-distributed-throughout-the-1751qm9p.png Fig. 2 SNP molecular markers distributed throughout the UNIGENES from the EST sequences of Coffea arabica and of the 11 Coffea canephora chromosomes and chromosome B0^ of Coffea canephora. Chromosome B0^ is just a pool of non-ordered sequence scaffolds (Denoeud et al. 2014) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bar-graphs-of-the-instruct-software-used-to-determine-35wpbisg.png Fig. 3 Bar graphs of the InStruct software used to determine the population structure of the 72 Coffea arabica genotypes, showing the formation of two groups (k = 2); Tables 1 and 2 list the genotypes corresponding to each letter; SUS = coffee rust-susceptible genotype; RES = coffee rust resistant genotype; BCr = backcross of F1 hybrid with resistant recurrent parent; BCs = backcross of F1 hybrid with recurrent susceptible parent; F2 = generation obtained by the selfing of F1 hybrids https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-principal-coordinates-analysis-pcoa-of-the-72-coffea-xyt9yv0z.png Fig. 5 Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) of the 72 Coffea arabica genotypes; a groups formed according to type of generation; b groups formed according to analysis in InStruct software; c groups formed according to dendrogram analysis; P-SUS = parents of the Catuaí group; P-RES = parents of Híbrido de Timor; F1 = hybrid obtained by the cross between rust-resistant and rust-susceptible genotypes; F2 = generation obtained by the selfing of F1 hybrids; BCr = backcross of F1 hybrid with recurrent resistant parent; BCs = backcross of F1 hybrid with recurrent susceptible parent; DCr = resistant clones of differential coffee plants hosts for Hemileia vastatrix Berk. et Br; DCs = susceptible clones of differential coffee plants hosts for Hemileia vastatrixBerk. et Br; the list of the genotypes corresponding to each letter, from A to K, are presented in Tables 1 and 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coffea-arabica-parents-resistant-and-e-susceptible-1tgchqrj.png Table 1 Coffea arabica parents resistant and e susceptible to coffee rust https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-genetic-distances-between-pairs-of-parents-catuai-a-3pn6w2f6.png Table 7 Genetic distances between pairs of parents Catuaí (A, C, and E) and Híbrido de Timor (B, D, and F) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-coffea-arabica-accessions-belonging-to-the-germplasm-1b9u498a.png Table 4 Coffea arabica accessions belonging to the germplasm bank of UFV/EPAMIG https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-coffea-arabica-hybrid-genotypes-and-their-genealogy-7od4q98k.png Table 2 Coffea arabica hybrid genotypes and their genealogy Code Hybrid Generation Genealogy Reaction to rust https://scispace.com/papers/population-trends-of-rosalia-alpina-l-in-switzerland-a-5b030rpygu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-number-of-records-per-year-and-catchment-area-a-for-r-15g3ru8r.png Fig. 1 Number of records per year and catchment area a for R. alpina and b for all species of the family Cerambycidae https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ratio-between-relative-and-expected-sampling-frequency-110m8ws5.png Fig. 3 Ratio between relative and expected sampling frequency (RSF). Value[1 the observed value is higher than the expected value, value \1 the observed value is lower than the expected value https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relative-sampling-frequency-rsf-for-r-alpina-in-11u3x63j.png Fig. 2 Relative sampling frequency (RSF) for R. alpina in Switzerland. Note the unequal period lengths (n number of individuals per time period) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-range-minimal-convex-polygon-in-km2-for-1s1fojtk.png Table 1 Distribution range (minimal convex polygon) in km2 for populations of R. alpina in Switzerland grouped into two time periods (1900–1949 and 1950–2010) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-contribution-in-of-the-six-main-environmental-34yua1rv.png Table 2 Contribution in % of the six main environmental variables (after hierarchical partitioning) to the distribution model of R. alpina using 3 different methods https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-records-of-r-alpina-before-1950-black-2dkiqloj.png Fig. 4 Distribution of records of R. alpina before 1950 (black triangles) and after 1950 (grey squares). Grey circles indicate the records of Cerambycidae prior to 1950 and grey crosses indicate records after 1950. Hatched areas (1–6) highlight distinct populations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-habitat-suitability-model-for-r-alpina-in-switzerland-3gx0hyw2.png Fig. 5 Habitat suitability model for R. alpina in Switzerland (grey no data, blue low potential, yellow medium potential, red high potential). (Color figure online) https://scispace.com/papers/pore-network-model-of-electrokinetic-transport-through-2hrq124lu7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-permeability-kp0-as-a-function-of-the-2b5goa2k.png FIG. 3: (Color online) Permeability KP0 as a function of the network size n for a surface charge density σ = −0.1 enm−2 and salt concentration in the reservoir c = 0.001 mol L−1. Results are reported compared to the limit K∞ (taken as the value for n = 30), for diameter distributions of mean d̄ = 18 nm and standard deviation: δ = 12 nm (black), 6 nm (red) and 1.5 nm (green). The average and variance are computed over M = 80 realizations for each distribution. The results obtained with other values for c and σ are very similar. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-weibull-distribution-functions-used-in-1wskx70g.png FIG. 2: (Color online) Weibull distribution functions used in this study to generate networks, labelled according to their mean diameter and standard deviation (d̄, δ). Solid lines correspond to the same mean diameter d̄ = 18 nm, while dashed and dotted lines correspond to the same standard deviation δ = 6 nm. The minimum diameter (see Eq. 16) is dmin = 4 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-macroscopic-electro-osmotic-coefficient-wt9jybt2.png FIG. 11: (Color online) Macroscopic electro-osmotic coefficient as a function of the salt concentration. The solid lines show the result for a single channel with diameter d = d̄, see Eq. (7). The same symbols and colors as in Fig. 10 are used. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-macroscopic-permeability-normalized-by-1os55rf0.png FIG. 10: (Color online) Macroscopic permeability, normalized by the permeability for neutral channels (σ = 0), as a function of the salt concentration c, for diameter Weibull distributions with various means and standard deviations (d̄, δ). The symbols correspond to δ = 6 nm (+) and δ = 12 nm ( ). The different colors indicate the mean diameter d̄: 18 nm (black), 24 nm (red), 30 nm (orange) and 36 nm (green). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-macroscopic-electrical-conductance-kv2-in-368z97iu.png FIG. 9: (Color online) Macroscopic electrical conductance KV2 (in nm −4) as a function of the salt concentration c in the reservoirs in equilibrium with the charged porous material, and of the surface charge density σ of the channels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-macroscopic-permeability-kp0-in-nm-2-as-a-3rqntce0.png FIG. 4: (Color online) Macroscopic permeability KP0 (in nm 2) as a function of the salt concentration c in the reservoirs in equilibrium with the charged porous material, and of the surface charge density σ of the channels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-macroscopic-osmotic-coefficient-kc0-in-nm-3olou5dx.png FIG. 5: (Color online) Macroscopic osmotic coefficient KC0 (in nm−1) as a function of the salt concentration c in the reservoirs in equilibrium with the charged porous material, and of the surface charge density σ of the channels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-dimensional-representation-of-a-cubic-network-2z1vfwfg.png FIG. 1: Two-dimensional representation of a cubic network consisting of N =n×n×n pores, between two reservoirs, labelled 0 and N + 1. Each pore is characterized by a pressure Pi, a salt concentration ci leading to an ideal part of the chemical potential Ci = kBT ln(ci/cN+1), and an electric potential Vi. Two connected pores i and j (denoted i v j) are separated by a length L (hence a total width of Ln = nL). The flows of solvent, salt and charge between these pores under the effect of pressure, salt concentration and potential gradients is, in the linear response regime, determined by the transfer (or conductance) matrix (g)ij , which depends on the surface charge density and on the salt concentration inside the corresponding channel. The latter is governed by the Donnan equilibrium between the channel and the pores. https://scispace.com/papers/pore-water-physicochemical-constraints-on-the-endangered-3qjmdl1emf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pore-water-dissolved-oxygen-stress-threshold-6u9gx8kh.png Table 2. Pore water dissolved oxygen stress threshold frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sediment-bound-ammonia-nh3-concentrations-by-3idb7x3j.png Figure 5. Sediment-bound ammonia (NH3) concentrations by sampling date and clubshell https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pore-water-ammonia-nh3-concentrations-by-sampling-1snuixh9.png Figure 4. Pore water ammonia (NH3) concentrations by sampling date and clubshell population https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-sites-locations-and-mussel-populations-july-2sy471tk.png Table 1. Sample sites, locations, and mussel populations, July 2008 and August 2010. 694 https://scispace.com/papers/poroelasticity-finite-element-modelling-of-anomalous-tilt-3noaqymw0h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-boundary-conditions-depicted-not-true-to-scale-as-a-2k2kg83r.png Figure 3: Boundary conditions depicted not true to scale as a 2D sketch in the symmetry plane (x-z plane at y = 0m). The grey shaded area extending from −300m to 300m in x and 0m to −200m in z depicts the model domain. The not shown extension in y is from 0m to 150m. This model part is embedded into a ten times larger block of the same material composition extending from −3000m to 3000m in x, 0m to −2000m in z and 0m to 1500m in y. The contact surfaces between inner (grey) and outer part (white) can move freely and groundwater can pass without resistance. At the outer boundaries of the large model block (white) the surfaces perpendicular to x are fixed against motion in x, the surfaces perpendicular to y are fixed against motion in y and the bottom cannot move vertically. At those surfaces (excess) pore pressure vanishes. The free surface where pore pressure also vanishes is common for the complete model domain. The symmetry plane at y = 0m cannot move in the y-direction and is impermeable to normal flux. The black circle marks the well position and the black vertical line depicts the material interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-horizontal-slices-at-selected-depths-for-the-model-h2bu6ahk.png Figure 14: Horizontal slices at selected depths for the model also shown in Fig. 13(b). Notations are identically to those used in Fig. 8. Slices are exaggerated in the y-direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-solution-for-3d-fe-models-of-a-homogeneous-half-357p7ifs.png Figure 7: Solution for 3D FE models of a homogeneous half space of small-grained sand as reference (a-c) and a half space of small-grained sand (sgs, block 1) with an interface to silt (s, block 2) (d-f). (a) ∆γx and (b) ∇p along the surface with annotations of x-coordinate and amplitude in µrad and kPa/m at important features, (c) x-z slice at y = 0m showing pore pressure gradient (grey-scale), ∆γx (black contour lines with labels annotated in µrad and dashed lines indicating positive values), zero tilt (white contour line) and the direction of deformation (black vectors). At the position of the well tilt and pore pressure cannot be calculated accurately, so that this area is shaded off. (d-f) have the same notation as (a-c). Surface tilt and pore pressure gradients shown in (a) and (b) are plotted in (d) and (e) as grey dashed lines. 47 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sketch-of-models-with-layers-in-tab-2-they-are-rlge0yc4.png Figure 2: Sketch of models with layers. In Tab. 2 they are referred to as ”undisturbed” (a), ”fault zone” (b) and ”step fracture” (c). The well is marked by a black rectangle. Layers are numbered 1-4. Poroelastic parameters are given in Tab. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-convergence-function-of-numerical-solution-towards-1x6ez8hp.png Figure 6: Convergence function of numerical solution towards analytical solution for tilt (left) and pore pressure (right) with a double logarithmic scale. Numbers next to the graph symbols indicate the maximum element size in meter, n is the number of elements, δrmst and δrmspp are the root mean square errors for tilt in rad and pore pressure in Pa, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-analytical-solution-for-a-tilt-and-b-pore-pressure-1jugzgx9.png Figure 5: Analytical solution for a) tilt and b) pore pressure in a homogeneous half space of small-grained sand, near-surface residuals of the numerical solution for c) tilt and d) pore pressure and residuals in the whole model area (e, f). Tilt and pore pressure fields are radially symmetric to the vertical well axis at x=0. Contours for a) and e) are given in µrad and for b) and f) in kPa/m. The maximum element size that is used to obtain the numerical solution is 5m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-solution-for-3d-fe-models-of-a-layered-half-space-2yynf9pq.png Figure 11: Solution for 3D FE models of a layered half space (a-c, see also geometry in Fig. 2(a))and a layered half space that is horizontally interrupted between x = 100m and x = 120m and vertically displaced by a 20m wide fault zone (d-f, geometry as in Fig. 2(a)). Abbreviations for sediment types: sgs; small grained sand, c; clay. The representation is as for Fig. 7: (a, d) ∆γx and (b, e) ∇p along the surface, (c, f) x-z slice at y = 0m showing pore pressure gradient (grey-scale), ∆γx (contour lines in µrad, dashed lines show positive values) and the direction of deformation (black vectors). It should be noted that 2D slices are vertically exaggerated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-poroelastic-parameters-used-in-this-study-are-taken-12rt1rqy.png Table 1: Poroelastic parameters used in this study are taken from Fabian [3]. G is shear modulus, ν Poisson’s ratio, νu undrained Poisson’s ratio, B Skempton’s coefficient, α the coefficient of effective stress andKf is theKf -value, which is related to Darcy permeability, fluid density, gravity and dynamic viscosity. https://scispace.com/papers/porocercospora-seminalis-gen-et-comb-nov-the-causal-organism-283bnwgj5w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-continued-31vjylsd.png TABLE I. Continued https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-macroscopic-and-microscopic-images-of-the-false-smut-183oaefq.png FIG. 2. Macroscopic and microscopic images of the false-smut pathogen in vivo and in vitro. A. Buffalograss burs infected by Porocercospora seminalis. B. Black stroma with spongy spherical top. C–E. Aggregated monotretic conidiogenous cells with inconspicuous loci (arrows). F. Branched conidiophore. G–I. Conidia with arrows indicating distosepta (other septa are less clearly distoseptate, almost appearing to be eusepta). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-best-scoring-maximum-likelihood-tree-obtained-from-the-3c36dv97.png FIG. 1. Best-scoring maximum likelihood tree obtained from the combined RPB2, ITS and LSU dataset of Porocercospora seminalis and related taxa. Bootstrap values $ 70% and posterior probabilities $ 0.95 (in italics) are near the internodes. https://scispace.com/papers/porosity-governs-normal-stresses-in-polymer-gels-3rcx42d0ec 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-b-fluorescence-confocal-microscopy-images-of-fibrin-1ywzsqrp.png FIG. 2. (a),(b) Fluorescence confocal microscopy images of fibrin networks whose pore size is tuned by polymerizing under different conditions, at (a) 22 °C and (b) 27 °C. The scale bars are 10 μm. Protein content is (8 mg=mL) in both samples. (c) Normal stress σN , given by the apparent normal-stress difference 2F=πR2 obtained from the rheometer thrust F, for four fibrin networks differing in pore size as a function of time after the application of a constant shear stress at t ¼ 0. The stress relaxation curves are fitted to an exponential decay derived from the two-fluid model in [9] (black lines). The viscoelastic time scale is unrelated to the normal-stress transition, as shown in the inset where the storage moduli (filled symbols) and the loss moduli (open symbols) of the gels are plotted. (d) Schematic representation of the two-fluid model showing an inward, radial contraction of the network (black) relative to the solvent (blue) upon shearing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-normal-stress-difference-n1-1-4-2f-pr2-where-f-is-the-3myjte34.png FIG. 1. Normal stress difference N1 ¼ 2F=πR2, where F is the normal force (thrust) reported by the rheometer and R is the sample radius, as a function of the amplitude of the applied oscillatory shear strain. (a) N1 for PAAm [9] prepared with various ratios of monomer-to-cross-linker concentrations. The line indicates a quadratic dependence of N1 ∼ γ2, as expected from the Mooney-Rivlin model [4,5]. (b) N1 shown for fibrin gels polymerized at 22 °C at various fibrinogen concentrations (in mg=mL). The line indicates a ∼γ2 dependence, but with negative sign. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-normal-stress-sn-given-by-the-apparent-normal-stress-3v6xseo0.png FIG. 3. Normal stress σN , given by the apparent normal stress difference N ðappÞ 1 ¼ 2F=πR2 reported by the rheometer, for a fibrin gel polymerized at 27 °C in response to an oscillatory shear stress at oscillation frequencies of 0.001 Hz (left), 0.01 Hz (middle), and 1 Hz (right). The top panels [(a)–(c)] show the Lissajous curves of normal stress versus shear stress (symbols) fitted by the predictions of the two-fluid model in Eq. 2 (red lines) assuming a time constant of 12.5 s. The bottom panels [(d)–(f)] show the corresponding timedependent normal stress (blue open symbols) and applied shear stress (black dotted lines). The data shown at ν ¼ 1 Hz represent averages with standard deviations obtained by averaging over 34 cycles to compensate for the low sampling frequency of the rheometer. The normal stresses are all negative since they correspond to steady-state values, obtained after initial relaxation (Fig. S2 in [9]). https://scispace.com/papers/porosity-measurement-method-by-x-ray-computed-tomography-2pr7pj8mdc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optical-image-after-metallographic-cut-of-aluminum-v117vs5d.png Figure 3: Optical image after metallographic cut of aluminum casting (left) and pores highlighted in NIS Elements BR 2.30 (right) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-porosity-estimation-by-the-grey-level-method-and-312rd2h6.png Table 1: POROSITY ESTIMATION BY THE GREY LEVEL METHOD AND METALLOGRAPHIC METHOD https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-linear-approximation-for-one-up-to-four-holes-1q09bt5z.png Figure 2: Linear approximation for one up to four holes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-image-processing-in-individual-steps-1srvonuy.png Figure 1: Image processing in individual steps https://scispace.com/papers/porous-architected-biomaterial-for-a-tibial-knee-implant-4mlkyuvfqw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-d-1-the-convergence-plot-of-the-topology-optimization-1jrweka1.png Figure D.1: The convergence plot of the topology optimization scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-effective-elastic-and-b-effective-strength-3pmgwovo.png Figure 4: (A) Effective elastic and (B) effective strength properties of Tetrahedron based lattice as a function of relative density. Effective elastic properties and yield strengths normalized with respect to elastic properties and yield strengths of bulk material. Only three independent elastic constants are necessary for the tetrahedron-based cell which is orthotropic and has 3 planes of symmetry: (Young`s modulus), xyG (Shear modulus) and yzv (Poisson’s ratio). xxσ , xyσ and bxyσ refer to uniaxial, shear and biaxial strength respectively. Values of ρ above 0.8 are dismissed due to cell topology degeneration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3d-finite-element-model-of-the-intact-tibiae-a-and-1gvvs6ek.png Figure 3: 3D finite element model of the intact tibiae (a), and implanted prosthesis (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-relative-distribution-of-interface-micromotion-3udl5o8j.png Figure 8: Relative distribution of interface micromotion around the stem surface with respect to the fully solid implant. % values are shown at the distal and mid regions along the stem length for 30% of gait cycle (a), and deep bend (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-interface-micromotion-distribution-at-deep-bend-for-2ccc40bl.png Figure 7: Interface micromotion distribution at deep bend for a fully dense titanium implant (a), cellular implant with uniform relative density of 60% (b), and a graded cellular implant (c). SA: surface area of the prosthesis [74]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-distribution-of-bone-resorption-in-knee-prosthesis-35vqpdan.png Figure 9: Distribution of bone resorption in knee prosthesis around (a) fully dense titanium implant; (b) cellular implant with uniform relative density of 60%; and (c) graded cellular implant. L: Lateral, M: Medial, A: Anterior, P: Posterior, AL: Anterolateral, AM: Anteromedial. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ct-scan-data-used-to-create-the-solid-model-of-the-1rl2p72m.png Figure 2: CT scan data used to create the solid model of the tibia along with the dimensions of the tibia and tibial knee implant in mm. Frontal view of the tibia (a), sagittal view of the tibia (b), Frontal view of the implant (c), sagittal view of the implant (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-percentage-of-bone-resorption-with-respect-to-a-15wyubn6.png Figure 10: Percentage of bone resorption with respect to a fully solid tibial implant here taken as a baseline for (i) graded cellular implant, and (ii) uniform cellular implant with relative density of 0.6. https://scispace.com/papers/portability-of-a-screener-for-pediatric-bipolar-disorder-to-1l2awvcv22 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-boundary-response-functions-for-selected-items-2di7gxv1.png Figure 1. Boundary Response Functions for selected items showing DIF between the Embedded Academic and Embedded Community. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-discrimination-and-difficulty-parameter-estimates-2s4pq3gt.png Table 3. Discrimination and difficulty parameter estimates from Differential Item Functioning Results comparing Embedded Academic to Embedded Community. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-boundary-response-function-for-item-7-showing-lower-1iodwc1f.png Figure 3. Boundary Response Function for Item 7 showing lower difficulty for the Embedded Community compared to the Extracted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-factor-loadings-for-the-embedded-academic-embedded-9iqukl6g.png Table 2. Factor loadings for the Embedded Academic, Embedded Community, and Extracted 10 items. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-test-characteristic-and-test-information-curves-2u8amwte.png Figure 2. Test Characteristic and Test Information Curves comparing the ten items of the Embedded Academic to the same ten items in the Embedded Community. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-quality-receiver-operating-characteristic-curve-of-1bry79xi.png Figure 6. Quality Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve of the PGBI-10M https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-receiver-operating-characteristics-comparing-pgbi-1so07h7h.png Figure 5. Receiver Operating Characteristics comparing PGBI-10M to the 10 items embedded within the parent reported GBI at discrimination bipolar disorder from all other diagnoses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-differential-item-functioning-results-comparing-yvsix40u.png Table 4. Differential Item Functioning Results comparing Embedded Community to the Extracted Community. https://scispace.com/papers/port-hinterland-connectivity-1x7jtfx5jf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ten-t-core-network-corridors-trans-european-1gic0xix.png Figure 1. TEN-T Core Network Corridors (Trans-European Transport Network) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relation-between-service-frequency-unit-capacity-1q75mi7y.png Figure 5. Relation between service frequency, unit capacity and annual transported volume (80% utilisation of shuttle) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-multi-layer-approach-to-freight-mobility-in-port-2frc5m27.png Figure 4 A multi-layer approach to freight mobility in port-hinterland dynamics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hinterland-transport-modal-splits-in-selected-ports-2wmw5p06.png Figure 3. Hinterland transport modal splits in selected ports https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-railway-corridors-connecting-asia-and-europe-1ci17nw7.png Figure 2. Railway corridors connecting Asia and Europe https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-container-bundling-concepts-in-multi-terminal-1lynw5n9.png Figure 6 Container bundling concepts in multi-terminal container ports https://scispace.com/papers/portable-low-cost-optical-density-meter-2sgif35221 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bill-of-materials-2t7wbq1v.png Table 2: Bill of Materials https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-components-soldered-to-the-breadboard-the-5-v-rail-3ldwbm4a.png Figure 5: Components soldered to the breadboard. The 5 V rail (red rectangle) is created with a solder bridge across two columns on the top bank of holes, while the GND rail (black) is extended with a solder bridge across two columns on the bottom bank. A solder bridge connects the two left-most pins of the potentiometer. Column O (blue) will be connected to pin 5 of the photodiode. Column G (green) will be connected to pin 2 of the photodiode. Column L (orange) will be connected to the cathode of the LED. Column B (yellow) will be connected to one wire of the push button and to pin D4 on the Arduino Micro. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-device-screen-in-od-mode-showing-od-and-raw-8514fq8b.png Figure 10: Device screen in OD mode, showing OD and raw intensity values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-main-components-used-to-assemble-the-device-1-3d-jwb2ru8h.png Figure 1: Main components used to assemble the device: (1) 3D printed lid; (2) 3D printed enclosure; (3) 3D printed cuvette cap; (4) photodiode; (5) 3D printed cuvette holder; (6) 590 nm LED; (7) push button; (8) mini breadboard; (9) 1.8 MΩ gain and 100 Ω LED resistors; (10) 100 kΩ gain adjustment potentiometer; (11) header jumper; (12) Arduino Micro; (13) 16x2 LCD screen; (14) jumper wires. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-jumper-wires-are-soldered-directly-to-the-pins-of-1o3dk598.png Figure 4: Jumper wires are soldered directly to the pins of the photodiode (top) and LCD (bottom). All wires soldered to the photodiode have male connectors on their free end. LCD pins 1, 2, 15, and 16 receive wires with male connectors on their free end, while pins 3-6 and 11-14 receive wires with female connectors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-highlighted-areas-indicate-where-hot-glue-will-be-39pucfh8.png Figure 8: Highlighted areas indicate where hot glue will be required to fasten components to the enclosure and to the cuvette holder. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-fully-assembled-device-1jq005zj.png Figure 9: Fully assembled device. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-photodiode-is-first-aligned-such-that-the-7mainz1d.png Figure 6: The photodiode is first aligned such that the emitted light is centered over the photodiode aperture. Once aligned, the component is secured with hot glue and is held in place until the glue solidifies. Afterwards, the position of the LED is adjusted until maximum signal is obtained from the photodiode. The LED is then secured with hot glue and is held in place until the glue solidifies. https://scispace.com/papers/portfolio-formation-with-preselection-using-deep-learning-2mcxxmv7zy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-feature-selection-results-325-326-2jkid6yz.png Fig. 2. Feature selection results 325 326 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-prediction-performance-483-3dfo62k6.png Table 3 Comparison of prediction performance 483 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-sharpe-ratio-of-each-triennium-including-transaction-2dk1mn2a.png Fig. 10. Sharpe ratio of each triennium including transaction costs (0.05 bps) 647 648 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-sharpe-ratio-of-each-triennium-without-transaction-3hhem2jz.png Fig. 9. Sharpe ratio of each triennium without transaction costs 645 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-overlapping-training-testing-sets-362-1tpgml7p.png Fig. 3. overlapping training-testing sets 362 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-sharpe-ratio-of-each-triennium-including-transaction-3ird15og.png Fig. 11. Sharpe ratio of each triennium including transaction costs (0.1 bps) 650 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-input-features-summary-327-dmscst7w.png Table 2 Input features summary 327 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-depicts-the-result-of-average-return-to-the-risk-per-3ipa8yzu.png Fig. 12 depicts the result of average return to the risk per month of each triennium per model 651 without transaction costs. Apparently, the LSTM+MV model obtains a remarkable performance for 652 the return-risk ratio during most study period. We also discover the average results as followings: 653 0.2670 for the LSTM+MV model, 0.1966 for the LSTM+1/N model, 0.1808 for the SVM+MV, 654 0.1581 for the SVM+1/N model, 0.1593 for the Random+MV, and 0.1458 for the Random+1/N 655 model. The LSTM+MV model stops having the highest value during period 2006-2008, and this 656 result coincides with the financial crisis and troubled political. 657 https://scispace.com/papers/portfolio-overlapping-bias-in-tests-of-the-fama-and-french-4wachpbnnc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-time-series-regressions-for-one-factor-and-three-30oms13j.png Table 3: Time-series regressions for one-factor and three-factor model The table shows the results of time-series regressions of the one-factor model = + 1 + and the three factor model = + 1+ 2+ 3 + The regressions are run for each of the 25 test portfolios sorted on and (monthly returns from July 1990 to December 2009). Portfolios are named as follows: ‘S’ refers to portfolios and ‘B’ to portfolios, ‘1’ denotes the smallest and ‘5’ the highest quintile. The columns include coefficient estimates, -values, and the adjusted 2. ‘# 0050’ denotes the number of -values smaller than 0.05. GRS F indicates the F-value of the Gibbons, Ross and Shanken (1989) test. The corresponding -value is shown in the line below. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cross-sectional-regressions-the-table-reports-3yr8e8vm.png Table 4: Cross-sectional regressions The table reports average coefficient estimates and -values (in brackets) of monthly Fama/MacBeth regressions over the period from January 1991 through December 2009. Dependent variables are raw returns (columns 2 and 3) or risk-adjusted returns (columns 4 and 5) of 25 test portfolios sorted on and . Independent variables are the logarithm of a portfolio’s average market capitalization (), a portfolio’s average ratio and three momentum variables (2-3, 4-6, 7-12). ∗ and ∗∗ denote significance at the 5% and 1% level, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-split-sample-versus-full-sample-results-coefficient-kphfoynr.png Table 7: Split sample versus full sample results: Coefficient difference The table shows the differences between the empirical coefficient estimates of a full sample (Table 3) and the average coefficent estimates of the split sample approach (Table 6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cumulative-factor-returns-the-figure-below-shows-w5v5w6vf.png Figure 1: Cumulative factor returns The figure below shows the cumulative returns of the factors MER, SMB and HML from July 1990 to December 2010. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-size-and-b-m-portfolios-1plbzgox.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics of size and B/M portfolios The table shows the average market capitalization, the average ratio and the average number of firms for 25 portfolios in the period from July 1990 to December 2009. Portfolios are formed by sorting stocks independently on market capitalization () and book-to-market ratio (). Rows refer to quintiles and columns to quintiles, both in ascending order. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-split-sample-time-series-regressions-the-table-shows-2efwwc18.png Table 6: Split sample: Time-series regressions The table shows the split sample results of time-series regressions of the one-factor model = + 1 + and the three factor model = + 1 + 2 + 3 + The factors and are built with one half of the sample, the test portfolios with the other half. The regressions are run for each of the 25 test portfolios sorted on and (monthly returns from July 1990 to December 2009). We repeat the random sample split and the subsequent time-series regressions 500 times. Based on these 500 regressions for each test portfolio, the table reports the average coefficients and average adjusted 2-values. Portfolios are named as follows: ‘S’ refers to portfolios and ‘B’ to portfolios, ‘1’ denotes the smallest and ‘5’ the highest quintile.Portfolios are named as follows: ‘S’ refers to portfolios and ‘B’ to portfolios, ‘1’ denotes the smallest and ‘5’ the highest quintile. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-cross-sectional-regressions-based-on-split-sample-1qhuccn7.png Table 9: Cross-sectional regressions based on split sample coefficients The table compares the cross-sectional regression results of the split sample approach with the previous full sample (standard) estimation (see Table 4). For different model specifications, the table reports average coefficient estimates and -values (in brackets) of monthly Fama/MacBeth regressions over the period from January 1991 to December 2009. The regressions are based on 25 test portfolios sorted on and . Independent variables are the logarithm of a portfolio’s average market capitalization (), a portfolio’s average ratio and three momentum variables (2-3, 4-6, 7- 12). For ease of comparison, columns (1) to (4) are reproduced from Table 4. The risk-adjustment of portfolio returns (dependent variable) in columns (5) and (6) is based on the split sample estimation of the three-factor model. ∗ and ∗∗ denote significance at the 5% and 1% level, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/portfolio-performance-gauging-in-discrete-time-using-a-3rsfj9t0i8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sharpe-ratio-vs-efficiency-measures-2ij2dns4.png Figure 1: Sharpe Ratio vs. Efficiency Measures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-luenberger-portfolio-productivity-indicator-its-332vqpqc.png Figure 2: Luenberger Portfolio Productivity Indicator & Its Decomposition: Portfolio Nr. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shortage-function-oe-decomposition-2cda5ug1.png Figure 3: Shortage Function & OE Decomposition https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-portfolio-profile-1bipykuc.png Table 5: Portfolio Profile https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-portfolios-with-significant-correlations-between-l-1slaaqf6.png Table 1: Portfolios with Significant Correlations between L(xt, xt+1; gt, gt+1) and ∆tSharpe (MV) resp. ∆tSort (MVS) indicators https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ar-1-model-for-e-xt-xt-1-gt-gt-1-f-xt-xt-1-gt-gt-1-8n00abwf.png Table 3: AR(1) Model for E(xt, xt+1; gt, gt+1), F (xt, xt+1; gt, gt+1) and L(xt, xt+1; gt, gt+1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-wilcoxon-tests-for-the-luenberger-indicator-and-its-2yw8f22q.png Table 2: Wilcoxon Tests for the Luenberger Indicator and its Components (last ten years) https://scispace.com/papers/portfolio-selection-with-proportional-transaction-costs-and-2497dihjiw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-utility-of-linear-policy-depending-on-14mhj438.png Figure 1: Utility of Linear Policy depending on https://scispace.com/papers/porthole-and-stormcloud-tools-for-visualisation-of-kg0k8ajga4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-of-stormcloud-visualisations-3d-3mgnkxk1.png Figure 3. Examples of Stormcloud visualisations. 3D spatiotemporal clusters rendered from dual isometric perspectives with spatial dimensions on x-y plane, time domain along z-axis, and voxel transparency mapped to level of statistical significance. Peaks within clusters of interest are annotated by cross-sectional 2D scalp maps. (a) Statistical parametric map — main effect of surprise, computed via tcontrast between standard and deviant responses, thresholded at p < 0.001 (uncorrected). (b) Posterior probability map — evidence that attention boosts the evoked responses to both standard and deviant stimuli, computed via Bayesian model selection and thresholded at 90% posterior probability. (c) Machine learning feature importance map — weights obtained from binary support vector machine classification between unattended standard and attended deviant responses, multiplied by grand mean image and thresholded at top 5% highest contribution to model predictions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-frame-from-porthole-visualisation-scalp-map-1yqsna6j.png Figure 2. Example frame from Porthole visualisation. Scalp map animation is performed by iteratively assigning colours to each element in the display window. The timeline summarises the overall response and indicates current temporal position within the volume. The display window is framed by contextual metadata in the legend and information readout. Animation can also be controlled manually via user interaction. Data shown is a statistical parametric map, illustrating the main effect of surprise, contrasting standard and deviant evoked responses to an auditory oddball paradigm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-existing-m-eeg-visualisation-methods-a-qo9w1ktk.png Figure 1. Examples of existing M/EEG visualisation methods. (a) Time drilling — Single channel plot of grand-average brain responses evoked by attended standard (blue) and deviant (red) stimuli, recorded from central (Cz) channel. Standard error shown as shaded areas, star indicates time points of significant different responses (p < 0.05, paired t-test, FDR corrected). (b) Repeated drilling — Butterfly plot of grand-average response to attended deviant stimuli. Each line indicates the ERP measured at one of 64 channels. (c) Time cutting — Topographic scalp maps of grand-average response to attended deviant stimulus, sampled at 20 ms intervals from 0 to 400 ms. (d) Space cutting — Orthographic projection of grand-average response to attended deviant stimulus, sectioned through the Cz channel at time 250 ms. https://scispace.com/papers/portrait-of-the-potential-barrier-at-metal-organic-4se038srwr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-charge-transfer-map-of-deprotonated-pvba-absorbed-3fl485b5.png Figure 2 | Charge-transfer map of deprotonated PVBA absorbed on Cu(111). a, Side view (projection on a plane passing through the N–Cu and O–Cu bond). b, Top view (projection evaluated on a plane at halfway https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-potential-barrier-across-the-plane-of-a-molecule-25bt4cwe.png Figure 1 | Potential barrier across the plane of a molecule–metal nanocontact. a, Sketch of the work function on a clean metal (blue arrow) and at a conducting metal/organic interface (red arrow). The potential barrier is modified by two mechanisms: the formation of local dipoles and Pauli repulsion. The first is associated with chemisorption. If negative charge accumulates above (below) the surface, this opposes (favours) the withdrawal of an electron from the surface and results in an increase (decrease) of the local work function of the system. In the case of weak metal–organic coupling, Pauli repulsion between the electrons of the molecule and those of the metal surface is effective. This limits the spilling out of electrons into the vacuum region, and the https://scispace.com/papers/pose-estimation-errors-the-ultimate-diagnosis-3s53smg9qc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pose-estimation-with-gt-viewpoint-threshold-is-p12-16ho3sd9.png Table 1: Pose estimation with GT. Viewpoint threshold is π12 for AVP and PEAP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pie-chart-percentage-of-errors-that-are-due-to-zp5m2wt6.png Fig. 2: Pie Chart: percentage of errors that are due to confusions with Opposite, Nearby or Other viewpoints, and Correct estimations. Bar Graphs: pose performance in terms of AOS (left) and AVP (right). Blue Bar displays the overall AOS or AVP. Green Bar displays AOS or AVP improvement by removing all confusions of one type: OTH (other errors); NEAR (nearby viewpoints); OPP (opposite viewpoints). Brown Bar displays AOS or AVP improvement by correcting all estimations of one type: OTH, NEAR or OPP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-summary-of-sensitivity-and-impact-of-object-1r259tcy.png Fig. 8: Summary of Sensitivity and Impact of Object Characteristics for simultaneous object detection and pose estimation performance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-effect-of-object-characteristics-on-detection-and-pose-1ykj2w7z.png Fig. 9: Effect of Object Characteristics on detection and pose estimation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-summary-of-sensitivity-and-impact-of-object-388hun1s.png Fig. 3: Summary of Sensitivity and Impact of Object Characteristics. We show AOS of the highest performing and lowest performing subsets within each characteristic (occ-trn: occlusion/truncation, size: object size, asp: aspect ratio, side: visible sides and part: part visibility). Dashed line is overall AOS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-analysis-of-the-influence-of-the-overlap-criterion-in-1lgsilzg.png Fig. 6: Analysis of the influence of the overlap criterion in the different metrics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-false-positive-analysis-on-detection-and-pose-vgzc3qjl.png Fig. 7: False positive analysis on detection and pose estimation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-viewpoint-distribution-in-terms-of-azimuth-f-frontal-f-3druv73s.png Fig. 1: Viewpoint distribution (in terms of azimuth). F: frontal. F-L: frontal-left. L: Left. L-RE: left-rear. RE: rear. RE-R: rear-right. R: right. R-F: right-frontal. https://scispace.com/papers/position-estimation-for-synchronous-motor-drives-unified-4e3zp5nm2e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sensorless-control-system-the-observer-is-zssp5lrf.png Fig. 1. (a) Sensorless control system. The observer is implemented in estimated rotor coordinates, but it could be equivalently implemented in stator coordinates instead. Any other control scheme could be used instead of the current controller. (b) Internal structure of the speed-adaptive observer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-linearized-model-of-the-estimation-error-dynamics-for-2s3a88mi.png Fig. 2. Linearized model of the estimation-error dynamics for analysis purposes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-results-of-a-fast-acceleration-test-to-zr5d4r4b.png Fig. 4. Experimental results of a fast-acceleration test to the 2-p.u. speed at the maximum motoring torque, having the current magnitude limited to 1.5 p.u.: (a) observer gain K = gI; (b) observer gain (21). First subplot: reference speed ωm,ref , actual speed ωm, and estimated speed ω̂m. Second subplot: estimated flux components and their references in estimated rotor coordinates. Last subplot: measured current components in estimated rotor coordinates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pole-locations-for-om0-0-2-p-u-at-the-maximum-positive-ng5d3hiy.png Fig. 3. Pole locations for ωm0 = 0 . . . 2 p.u. at the maximum positive torque, when the current magnitude is limited to 1.5 p.u.: (a) open-loop poles from det(sI−RsL−1 −ωm0J) = 0; (b) closed-loop poles for K = gI; (c) closed-loop poles for (21). The flux-observer poles are marked with the red line and the speed-adaptation poles with the blue line. The diamonds, crosses, and stars mark the speeds of 0, 1, and 2 p.u., respectively. The motor parameters are: Rs = 0.55 Ω, Ld = 45.6 mH, and Lq = 6.84 mH. The dashed line corresponds to the damping ratio of 0.4. https://scispace.com/papers/position-aligned-translation-model-for-citation-2pl0fznuah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-for-alignment-and-smoothing-methods-in-1q6of91b.png Table 1. Results for Alignment and Smoothing Methods in Translation Models https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-position-aligned-translation-model-qrr9fh8w.png Fig. 1. Position-aligned Translation Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-on-different-sizes-of-training-dataset-3ici4sy8.png Table 2. Results on Different Sizes of Training Dataset https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-smoothing-parameter-tuning-20u22ogv.png Fig. 2. Smoothing Parameter Tuning https://scispace.com/papers/pose-encoding-for-robust-skeleton-based-action-recognition-13bba46hr9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pose-denoising-the-figures-show-different-examples-xynsjdbz.png Figure 4: Pose denoising: The figures show different examples of pose denoising. In each pair of the examples the pose on the left is raw input and the pose on the right is the denoised result. Although most of the examples show reasonably well approximated and denoised poses, figures in (e) and (f) are shown as examples of bad approximation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-result-the-table-summarizes-the-140sn1p0.png Table 2: Experimental result: The table summarizes the performance of different models while trained and tested using different input data filters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-performance-vs-model-capacity-the-figure-shows-the-1a7mdvrn.png Figure 3: Performance vs model capacity: The figure shows the difference between testing accuracy (in red) and training accuracy (in green) for different model sizes. Note that, the difference increases much faster in case of κ−1 as compared to f̃−1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-comparison-the-table-shows-results-of-28o394d5.png Table 1: Performance comparison: The table shows results of recent and earlier works on NorthwesternUCLA dataset. Mainly due to the proposed approach, the base LSTM-model performed comparably to most of the specialized models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-training-vs-testing-accuracy-the-figure-shows-2gs7qxzb.png Figure 2: Training vs testing accuracy: The figure shows training (in green) vs testing (in red) accuracy against optimization iterations. The impact of pose normalization κ−1 and pose denoising f̃−1 are shown in two separate rows. The first row is the result of models when the data is filtered using κ−1 and the second row when the data is filtered using f̃−1. Each column shows results of their respective model. Note that, the training accuracy trails the test accuracy closely in case of f̃−1 as opposed to κ−1 as the model size increases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-proposed-approach-a-shows-29igwb5m.png Figure 1: Illustration of the proposed approach: (a) shows estimated input pose in frontal view, (b) shows an approximate denoised reconstruction of the input in (a). https://scispace.com/papers/position-and-velocity-control-for-telemanipulation-with-17sp6qs76t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-experimental-setups-control-and-communication-2jx6261j.png Fig. 1. The experimental setup’s control and communication scheme https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-switching-from-position-position-to-position-velocity-2q3fv34l.png Fig. 4. Switching from position-position to position-velocity mode. Vertical dashed lines show when the switch have occurred. Horizontal dotted line show the deadzone. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-switching-from-position-position-to-decoupled-mode-lcrajz4q.png Fig. 3. Switching from position-position to decoupled mode. Dashed lines show when the switch have occurred. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-experimental-setup-slave-pc-master-and-slave-2tnln965.png Fig. 2. The experimental setup: slave PC, master and slave robots https://scispace.com/papers/position-representation-of-single-mode-gaussian-channels-vkphvqnxur 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-first-and-second-columns-show-the-functional-3i1zkre2.png Table 1. The first and second columns show the functional forms of J(1) and J(2), respectively. The last column shows the resulting form of the concatenation of them [see Equation (28)]. See main text for symbol coding. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-pictures-of-the-channels-belonging-to-qxu9a8ud.png Figure 1. Schematic pictures of the channels belonging to classes A1 and A2 (right and left panels, respectively), acting on pictorial Wigner’s functions of Gaussian states (represented with ellipses). The coordinate system corresponds to the position variable r and its conjugate momentum, p. The figure shows how every channel in class A1 maps every initial quantum state, in particular GSs characterized by ( σi, di ) , to a Gaussian state that depends only on the channel parameters. The values of the first and second moments of the final Gaussian state are indicated by a gray ellipse. Similarly, for class A2, we indicate the form of the final moments for initial Gaussian states. In this case they depend on two combinations of the initial parameters, s1 and s2, whose explicit formulas are given in the appendix, together with the form of the final moments. https://scispace.com/papers/positional-mobility-and-reference-effects-how-does-social-uv7135zedx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-reference-class-effects-in-western-europe-3m6pueqf.png Table 6 Reference class effects in Western Europe https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-reference-class-effects-in-eastern-europe-2qjx5rwq.png Table 9 Reference class effects in Eastern Europe https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-life-satisfaction-across-social-classes-2rwso18r.png Figure 2. Mean life satisfaction across social classes https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-own-class-mobility-effects-in-western-europe-1xcr3hhm.png Table 5 Own class mobility effects in Western Europe https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-own-class-mobility-effects-in-eastern-europe-3vvgszyj.png Table 8 Own class mobility effects in Eastern Europe https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-class-position-effects-in-western-europe-21dvnuh8.png Table 4 Class position effects in Western Europe https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-and-hierarchical-ordering-of-esec-social-29zlnb52.png Table 1. Description and hierarchical ordering of ESeC Social Classes (adapted from Rose et al., 2009) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-class-position-effects-in-eastern-europe-lfw3oczz.png Table 7 Class position effects in Eastern Europe https://scispace.com/papers/positional-information-readout-in-ca-2-signaling-4h4q3mzfb6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-parameter-dependence-of-phosphorylation-a-and-b-2gqg7072.png FIG. 2. Parameter dependence of phosphorylation. (a) and (b) Dependence of the average total number of phosphorylation events hni≡ Np for the CaM (a) and the PKC scenario (b). (c)–(f) Dependence of the estimation error as a function of the detachment rate νd (c), (d) and the loss rate νl (e), (f) in the CaM (c), (e) and the PKC scenario (d), (f). Symbols are for simulation results, lines are obtained from the mean-field calculations, see text. Parameter values are as in Fig. 1 and νl=νp ¼ 100 (∘, blue), 10 (□, red), 1 ( , green), 0.1 (△, black) (a)–(d) and νd=νp ¼ 100 (∘, blue), 10 (□, red), 1 ( , green), 0.1 (△, black) (e), (f). Space has been scaled with ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-determination-of-the-ca2th-entry-site-through-a5707yqp.png FIG. 1. Determination of the Ca2þ entry site through phosphorylation of a target protein. (a) Illustration of the CaM scenario. Ca2þ binds to a diffusible kinase at rate νa, which then phosphorylates at rate νp. Ca2þ detaches at rate νd from the kinase and is lost from the system at rate νl. Arrows indicate independent processes. (b) Distribution of the estimated position x̂ of Ca2þ release given by averaging over the locations of the phosphorylation events and obtained from stochastic simulations. (c) Illustration of the PKC scenario. The kinase binds to the membrane at rate νb and unbinds at rate νu. Other parameters have the same meaning as in (a). (d) Distribution of the estimated position x̂ of Ca2þ release for the PKC scenario obtained from stochastic simulations. Parameter values in (b) and (d) are νa=νp ¼ 10, νd=νp ¼ 100, νl=νp ¼ νu=νp ¼ νb=νp ¼ 1, and DK ¼ 0.01DC. Space has been scaled with ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-estimation-error-as-a-function-of-the-number-nca-of-15uddwl8.png FIG. 3. Estimation error as a function of the number NCa of Ca2þ ions in a puff in the CaM (a) and the PKC scenario (b). Inset in (a): different range of the error is shown. Circles indicate simulation results, full lines are from the mean-field calculation Eq. (13), green dashed line in (b) is a fit of Eq. (13) to the simulation data. Parameter values are νd=νp ¼ 100, νd=νp ¼ 1, νa=νp ¼ 1, and νl=νp ¼ 10. Other parameters as in Fig. 1. Space has been scaled with ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi https://scispace.com/papers/positional-control-of-pneumatic-manipulators-for-3fyo5fmzxy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-movement-of-the-cylinder-from-800-to-28-mm-a-command-2flncg1u.png Fig. 8. Movement of the cylinder from 800 to 28 mm. (a) Command signal, (b) Position error. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-movement-of-the-cylinder-from-0-to-800-mm-a-command-okgk1onl.png Fig. 7. Movement of the cylinder from 0 to 800 mm. (a) Command signal, (b) Position error. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-position-error-of-1000-mm-distance-2jygchf1.png Fig. 16. Position error of 1000-mm distance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-flc-control-surface-w1weowxv.png Fig. 14. FLC control surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-position-error-of-460-mm-distance-60bw5x4h.png Fig. 15. Position error of 460-mm distance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-implementation-of-the-optimal-control-1jl34tj8.png Fig. 2. Implementation of the optimal control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-mbf-for-input-variable-erropos-vxtcxp3c.png Fig. 10. MBF for input variable erropos. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-base-architecture-of-a-fuzzy-logic-controller-tey9r3v0.png Fig. 9. Base architecture of a fuzzy logic controller. https://scispace.com/papers/positive-and-negative-prejudice-interactions-of-prejudice-33hj447vtt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-friendship-acceptance-4-and-electing-to-political-380qgdmz.png Table 1), friendship acceptance (4), and electing to political offi ce (8) For the elect to political offi ce measure, positive Negro prejudice at the level of the high social desirable profi le resulted not only in the significant race-by-social desirability interaction, but also in the signifi cant main effect for race. https://scispace.com/papers/positive-cardiac-inotrope-omecamtiv-mecarbil-activates-4mstr6x61f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulations-of-oms-effect-on-in-vitro-actin-gliding-222k4jn8.png Fig. 5 Simulations of OM’s effect on in vitro actin gliding velocity and isometric force of muscle preparations. a Summary of parameters used in models in b–e. b Comparison of gliding filament velocity for the protein used in this study (open triangles) and from Swenson et al.9 (closed circles) to simulated data from the various model parameter sets (colored lines as in a). The Stroke Eliminated, Prolonged Time of Attachment (SEPTA) Model (red), with https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-model-of-oms-effect-on-cardiac-myosin-1-om-increases-xcte1yr3.png Fig. 6 Model of OM’s effect on cardiac myosin. (1) OM increases the rate of entry into strong binding as previously measured by phosphate release rates, but the force generating power stroke is inhibited. (2) Myosin remains strongly bound to actin (red bar), contributing to increased thin-filament activation at intermediate calcium concentrations. (3) OM disrupts the typical pathway of myosin, causing it to pass through an ADP or apo (nucleotide-free) state with its lever arm still in the pre-power stroke position. (4) Myosin detaches from actin without needing to bind ATP. ATP binding must occur before the cycle can start again https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-biochemical-cycle-of-cardiac-myosin-omecamtiv-mecarbil-kvfj6dnt.png Fig. 1 Biochemical cycle of cardiac myosin. Omecamtiv mecarbil has been shown to increase the rate of phosphate release (step 5) and bias the ATP hydrolysis step (step 3) towards the post-hydrolysis M·ADP·Pi state, which is proposed to cause myosin to enter the strong binding states (red underline) more rapidly. Other biochemical steps have been previously shown through stop-flow biochemical experiments to be nearly unchanged by the presence of OM. Inset: Example optical trapping trace of the position (median filtered with 0.4ms window) of an actin filament during one interaction with a singlemyosin molecule reproduced from Fig. 2b. The step size and attachment duration of these interactions can be measured as shown https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-effect-of-om-on-myosin-working-stroke-size-a-1kk2o37p.png Fig. 2 The effect of OM on myosin working stroke size. a Example trace of the position of one bead during several interactions of cardiac myosin with actin in the absence of OM (blue). The covariance of the two beads’ positions is shown in black and was used to determine when a binding event occurred, as indicated by the dark horizontal lines above the position trace. b An expanded section of the data inside the dashed box in a, where two clear interactions can be visualized. c, d Example trace similar to that in a and b, but with 10 μM OM present. The interactions are more difficult to distinguish in the position trace (red) but are clear from the covariance (black). Position traces in a–d are median filtered with a 0.4 ms window. e Binding events were synchronized at their starts and averaged forward in time to show the average stroke size observed in the presence of OM ranging from 0 to 10 μM. Average stroke size decreases with increasing OM concentration. f The average observed stroke size was decreased by OM in a dose-dependent manner. Error bars give the standard deviation of the mean step sizes from each molecule observed. N-values are presented in Supplementary Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-actin-attachment-durations-as-a-function-of-om-3lh5v11c.png Fig. 3 Actin-attachment durations as a function of OM concentration. a Cumulative distributions of the actomyosin attachment durations (solid lines) at 4mM MgATP. Without OM, the attachment durations are well-described by a single-exponential distribution (dotted blue line); however, at 100 nM and 10 μM OM, double exponential distributions were required (yellow and red dashed lines). Inset: 100 nM OM durations on logarithmic x-scale, highlighting the two phases of detachment. b Concentration-dependent effect of OM prolonging the mean observed attachment duration (black) at 4 mM MgATP. Black error bars show the standard deviation of the mean durations from each molecule. Red squares show the expected duration calculated from the global fit to durations. c The fraction of events which were found to detach at ka, (black), or at the OM-associated rate (kb, red) from the durations global fit as a function of OM concentration. d Observed step size linearly correlates with the fraction of events which detach at the OM-associated rate, kb. Vertical error bars are the standard deviation of the mean step from each molecule studied. e Detachment rates at 10 μM OM as a function of MgATP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-force-dependence-of-detachment-is-reduced-by-om-a-b-237ix6e0.png Fig. 4 Force dependence of detachment is reduced by OM. a, b Example traces of force on the motor bead (blue, red) with the trap’s isometric feedback system engaged. Events, as detected by covariance, are indicated by dark lines above the force traces. a In the absence of OM (blue), forces are https://scispace.com/papers/positive-emotions-in-education-382wfgpx1b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-2-the-domain-of-academic-emotions-examples-17npa4kj.png Table 8.2 The Domain of academic emotions: examples https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-1-literature-search-1974-2000-studies-linking-38no19dz.png Table 8.1 Literature Search 1974-2000: studies linking emotions to learning and achievement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-1-control-value-theory-of-emotions-linkages-between-u1o93cgq.png Figure 8.1 Control-value theory of emotions: linkages between emotions, effects, and antecedents. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-3-academic-emotions-questionnaire-aeq-reliability-of-14965i9o.png Table 8.3 Academic Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ); reliability of the trait scales https://scispace.com/papers/positive-neighborhood-norms-buffer-ethnic-diversity-effects-54w0ex5p8s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3c-1rql5kq2.png Figure 3c https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3b-2ixh1k1i.png Figure 3c https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlations-among-study-variables-in-study-1-18vgnlt1.png Table 1. Correlations among Study Variables in Study 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-standardized-and-unstandardized-estimates-ci95-in-29d3npe7.png Table 4. Standardized and Unstandardized Estimates (CI95 in Brackets) of Regression Analyses in Study 2 Examining the Role of Perceived Norms in Neighborhood Satisfaction, Perceived Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Moving Intentions (Controlling for Individuallevel Background Characteristics and Objective Neighborhood-level Security and Crime Rates) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-standardized-results-of-the-model-in-study-2-22bwnpgy.png Figure 3c https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-standardized-results-of-the-model-in-study-1-1q49q34n.png Figure 2. Standardized Results of the Model in Study 1 Testing the Association of Perceived Diversity with Moving Intentions via Neighborhood Satisfaction and Perceived Neighborhood Disadvantage, at High and Low Levels of Perceived Positive Neighborhood Norms (Controlling for Background Characteristics) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-standardized-and-unstandardized-estimates-ci95-in-2w466tel.png Table 2. Standardized and Unstandardized Estimates (CI95 in Brackets) of Regression Analyses in Study 1 Examining the Role of Perceived Norms in Neighborhood Satisfaction, Perceived Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Moving Intentions (Controlling for Background Characteristics) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-model-of-the-associations-between-s4gaw3j8.png Figure 1. Conceptual Model of the Associations between Diversity, Neighborhood Norms and Moving Intentions via Neighborhood Satisfaction and Perceived Neighborhood Disadvantage https://scispace.com/papers/positive-health-externalities-of-mandating-paid-sick-leave-pd7i477wsk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-impact-of-sick-leave-mandates-on-p-i-mortality-per-3anll5ad.png Table 3. Impact of Sick Leave Mandates on P&I Mortality per 100,000 population https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-treatment-effect-heterogeneity-by-month-of-the-year-1hx1z1bm.png Figure 4. Treatment Effect Heterogeneity by Month-of-the-Year https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-monthly-event-study-of-the-impact-of-sick-leave-smkmguam.png Figure 3. Monthly Event Study of the Impact of Sick Leave Mandates on ILI Rates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-weekly-event-study-of-the-impact-of-mandates-on-p-i-1rb6saje.png Figure 5. Weekly Event Study of the Impact of Mandates on P&I Mortality per 100,000 people https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-impact-of-sick-leave-mandates-on-ili-rates-2hrk30yn.png Table 1. Impact of Sick Leave Mandates on ILI Rates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-weekly-event-study-of-the-impact-of-sick-leave-3caljzal.png Figure 2. Weekly Event Study of the Impact of Sick Leave Mandates on ILI Rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bacon-decomposition-lo7qse0p.png Table 2. Bacon Decomposition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-placebo-estimates-of-the-impact-of-2m5or6wo.png Figure 1. Distribution of Placebo Estimates of the Impact of Mandates on ILI Rates https://scispace.com/papers/positive-impact-on-the-environment-of-an-outdoor-sport-56v1f1lnwz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-ph-ph-units-results-year-to-year-2gth9gi5.png Table 7: pH (pH Units). Results year to year https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-ph-ph-units-in-two-consecutive-periods-32lzwq2d.png Table 8: pH (pH Units) in two consecutive periods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-turbidity-number-of-observations-in-two-consecutive-3cdtps98.png Figure. 4: Turbidity. Number of observations in two consecutive periods https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-annual-conductivity-results-ms-2010-2019-25ptkax6.png Table 1: Annual Conductivity Results (mS) 2010-2019 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-conductivity-measurements-2010-2019-1sg6sr8k.png Figure 2: Conductivity measurements 2010-2019. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-conductivity-results-ms-in-two-consecutive-periods-ufe318w8.png Table 2: Conductivity results (mS) in two consecutive periods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dissolved-oxygen-mg-l-2010-2019-2kbxr0yf.png Figure 3: Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) 2010-2019 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-annual-dissolved-oxygen-results-mg-l-2010-2019-2ltbh71y.png Table 3: Annual Dissolved Oxygen Results (mg/l) 2010-2019 https://scispace.com/papers/positive-stock-information-in-out-of-the-money-option-prices-aeh8jevpki 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rank-correlation-coefficients-2kdwp6tg.png Table 2: Rank Correlation Coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-bivariate-portfolio-sorts-risk-neutral-skewness-and-1exoc0mq.png Table 6: Bivariate Portfolio Sorts: Risk-Neutral Skewness and Downside Risk https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-22iw71yv.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-bivariate-portfolio-sorts-risk-neutral-skewness-and-2l05scn1.png Table 5: Bivariate Portfolio Sorts: Risk-Neutral Skewness and Stock Mispricing https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-rns-and-drns-sorted-weekly-quintile-portfolio-sorts-15fi1ygu.png Table 4: RNS and ΔRNS-sorted Weekly Quintile Portfolio Sorts https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-rns-and-drns-sorted-portfolios-decomposing-weekly-3bet14jn.png Table 9: RNS and ΔRNS-sorted Portfolios: Decomposing Weekly Returns https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-bivariate-portfolio-sorts-risk-neutral-skewness-and-3el6zr65.png Table 8: Bivariate Portfolio Sorts: Risk-Neutral Skewness and Option Liquidity https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-rns-and-drns-sorted-portfolios-decomposing-first-24lxw0fn.png Table 10: RNS and ΔRNS-sorted Portfolios: Decomposing First Post-Ranking Day Returns This Table reports a decomposition of the first post-ranking trading day performance of quintile stock portfolios constructed every Wednesday on the basis of their Risk-Neutral Skewness (RNS) estimates (Panel A), or the change in their RNS (ΔRNS) estimates relative to previous trading day (Panel B). The sample period is January 1996–June 2014. Every Wednesday, at market close, stocks are sorted in ascending order according to their RNS values (Panel A) or their ΔRNS values (Panel B), and they are assigned to quintile equally-weighted portfolios. We compute: i) overnight portfolio returns from the market close of the ranking day (Wednesday) to the market open of the first post-ranking trading day, and ii) intraday portfolio returns from the market open to the market close of the first post-ranking trading day. Ex Ret denotes the average portfolio return in excess of the risk-free rate. The risk-free rate is deducted only from the overnight portfolio return. αFFC denotes the portfolio alpha estimated from the Fama-French-Carhart (FFC) 4-factor model, using the corresponding overnight and intraday factor returns. Returns and alphas are expressed in percentages. The pre-last line in Panel A (Panel B) shows the spread between the portfolio with the highest RNS (ΔRNS) stocks and the portfolio with lowest RNS (ΔRNS) stocks. t-values calculated using Newey-West standard errors with 7 lags are provided in parentheses. **, and * indicate statistical significance at the 1%, and 5% level, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/positive-supercompilation-for-a-higher-order-call-by-value-2pgbryk5si 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-free-variables-of-an-expression-1qbb6esm.png Figure 2. Free variables of an expression https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-example-of-upwards-generalization-3oo5ndtu.png Figure 10. Example of upwards generalization https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-driving-of-applications-1rllw4u0.png Figure 7. Driving of applications https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-example-of-downwards-generalization-2r1mu77h.png Figure 11. Example of downwards generalization https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-examples-of-the-homeomorphic-embedding-and-the-msg-1rujrvft.png Figure 9. Examples of the homeomorphic embedding and the msg https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-extended-let-rule-2ldup9vs.png Figure 12. Extended Let-rule https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-language-2rujsyw8.png Figure 1. The language https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-reduction-semantics-f38gwxtk.png Figure 4. Reduction semantics https://scispace.com/papers/positronium-in-solids-computer-simulation-of-pick-off-and-4i8jq3rooh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pair-correlation-function-g-r-where-r-is-the-distance-2ey69wgp.png FIG. 2: Pair correlation function g(r), where r is the distance from a bead to an Ar atom. Runs with P = 400 averaged over 200K passes, for T = 0.01 au. Filled circles: Perfect crystal. Open circles: Monovacant crystal. Arrows denote expected peaks from locations in tetrahedral interstitial site and center of monovacancy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-calculated-o-ps-annihilation-rates-and-contact-2ieu7hgp.png Table I: Calculated o-Ps annihilation rates and contact densities in cavity of radius Rc. “SPIB” denotes single particle-in-a-box model for Ps[4]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-probability-density-p-r-within-outermost-layer-of-rc-2p2vs61x.png FIG. 1: Probability density, P(r), within outermost layer of Rc = 46.9 au cavity. Shown are lone e+ (solid line: PIB theory; + : simulation) and e+ of Ps (dashed line: PIB theory, + : simulation). https://scispace.com/papers/positronium-reemission-yield-from-mesostructured-silica-c0c0u09gdd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-3g-o-ps-annihilation-yield-for-1-6-kev-e-recorded-3mm1vaqc.png Figure 2 (a) 3γ o-Ps annihilation yield for 1-6 keV e + recorded at CERI in NC0.10 and NC0.22 or calculated in NC0.1 from CERN vacuum lifetime component (triangles); (b) vacuum o-Ps reemission yield in NC0.10 and SC0.22 for 1-6 keV e + and CERN lifetime spectra for 3 keV e + in the SC0.22 (A) and NC0.1 (B) sample ( insert). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-low-e-e-pair-momentum-fraction-s2g-b-3g-o-ps-ndzrn5pf.png Figure 1 (a) Low e - -e + pair momentum fraction S2γ, (b) 3γ o-Ps annihilation yield Y3γ vs. e + beam energy and (c) Y3γ vs. S2γ in NC0.10 for 1, 2, 3 coatings and in NC0.22. Three annihilation characteristics for glass, film bulk and surface are used for the fitted lines. https://scispace.com/papers/positron-scattering-from-formic-acid-1tjun8ns3b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dimer-target-composition-as-a-function-of-formic-acid-28306n4d.png FIG. 1. % dimer target composition as a function of formic acid sample pressure Torr at room temperature 24 °C . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-present-experimental-total-cross-3dp6k5cu.png FIG. 3. Color online The present experimental total cross sections and theoretical elastic cross sections both in 10−16 cm2 for positron scattering from formic acid. The static level --- , static plus Born dipole correction –·– , static plus polarization ·—· , and static plus polarization plus Born dipole correction —— results are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-present-experimental-total-cross-2hqsnhkg.png FIG. 2. Color online The present experimental total cross sections 10−16 cm2 for positron scattering from formic acid. The lines are the least-squares fits to the two subsets of points on the right and left, where the division is chosen to give the largest ratio of the slope on the left to the slope on the right, subject to the condition that each subset contains at least 10 points. The lines intersect at 4.3 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-present-experimental-total-cross-sections-10-16-1uqi1gd8.png TABLE I. The present experimental total cross sections 10−16 cm2 for positron scattering from formic acid. The errors given represent one standard deviation on the measured cross section at a given energy. https://scispace.com/papers/positronium-scattering-from-kr-and-xe-at-low-energies-2hqkppiawf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-scattering-length-a-in-a0-effective-range-r-0-3ukt0zds.png TABLE II. The scattering length (A in a0), effective range (r 0 in a0), zero energy cross section (s in pa0 2), and the pickoff parameters1Zeff (0) and 1Zeff (1) for Ps-Kr and Ps-Xe scattering. The uncertainty in t effective range fit toA are about61 –2 % while the uncertainties inr 0 are about630%. The uncertainties in the fits to 1Zeff (0) are about61 –2 % while the uncertainties in1Zeff (1) are about630%. The experimenta ^1Zeff (0)& are actually thermal averages obtained at room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-scattering-lengths-in-a0-for-e-2-e1-and-ortho-ps-1tt8w37n.png TABLE III. Scattering lengths~in a0) for e 2, e1 and ortho-Ps scattering from the rare gases. T e2-atomA was obtained in the static-exchange approximation and thee1-atomA was obtained in the static approximation. TheR-matrix scattering lengths~in the SE approximation and with 22 Ps states! were estimated from the cross sections plotted in Ref.@4# and are generally assumed to be positive. The FCS scattering lengths with the core-polarization potential~l beled With pol! use the polarization potential with r5rav @3#. https://scispace.com/papers/posl-a-parallel-oriented-metaheuristic-based-solver-language-180coiue2z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-three-solvers-composing-the-posl-solver-1wnh1sof.png Fig. 4: Three solvers composing the POSL-solver https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-3hsqfozy.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-intel-core-i7-37hmdtyr.png Table 1: Intel Core i7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-intel-xeon-36ufiz6v.png Table 2: Intel Xeon https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-two-different-behaviors-in-the-same-solver-gbzquaxn.png Fig. 3: Two different behaviors in the same solver https://scispace.com/papers/possibilistic-workflow-nets-for-dealing-with-cancellation-36900fncu2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-workflow-net-model-of-an-activity-2s22ukqs.png Figure 1: WorkFlow net model of an activity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-authorization-functions-of-the-transitions-1ljp3kqg.png Table 1: Authorization functions of the transitions. https://scispace.com/papers/posq-unsupervised-fingerprinting-and-visualization-of-gps-46x34uflug 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-steps-in-the-communication-between-the-posq-vuh70nco.png Fig. 7. The steps in the communication between the PosQ collector and the quality database. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-visual-overlay-collected-with-a-g1-device-for-two-15whttsl.png Fig. 4. Visual overlay collected with a G1 device for two different satellite constellations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-visual-overlay-in-3d-for-vertical-accuracy-3o8m6yxu.png Fig. 6. Visual overlay in 3D for vertical accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-posq-collectors-implemented-for-different-operating-1vbmzvxh.png Table 1. PosQ Collectors implemented for different operating systems, programming languages, devices and GPS receivers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-results-for-positioning-quality-3k6oqez8.png Fig. 8. Results for Positioning Quality https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-visual-overlay-collected-with-a-u-blox-receiver-for-3i2rtmqo.png Fig. 5. Visual overlay collected with a U-blox receiver for the second satellite constellation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-ground-truth-accuracy-with-posq-33641ujo.png Fig. 3. Comparison of ground truth accuracy with PosQ estimated accuracy for individual bins. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-visual-overlay-for-a-shopping-mall-as-a-colored-map-1inv7734.png Fig. 2. Visual overlay for a shopping mall as a colored map with scale from bright green (high accuracy) over red to black (low accuracy). https://scispace.com/papers/possibilities-and-limitations-of-scanning-electrochemical-2wy7k7qggr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-different-sources-of-convective-fluxes-in-a-layer-36eece7s.png Figure 4: Different sources of convective fluxes, in a layer of local electrolyte close to the Mg surface. a) Due to the radial force exerted by the hydrogen bubble during its growth, b) Due to motion of the bubble with a velocity ‘v’, displacing a corresponding volume of the electrolyte, hydrogen bubble moves towards the Pt tip with a velocity ‘v’, whereas the electrolyte (with ions) moves away from the Pt electrode with the same velocity ‘v’. c) Micromixing within the electrolyte as bubbles of different sizes detach from the Mg surface; bubbles with larger radius have a higher terminal velocities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-adapted-from-tefashe-et-al-42-i-a-optical-image-of-3frjidas.png Figure 3: (Adapted from Tefashe et al [42]) I. a) Optical image of the AM-50 alloy, b) SEM image showing the Al-Mn intermetallics and c) SEM image of the surface after exposure. II. SECM image of the AM-50 alloy, exposed to 0.6 M NaCl solution, in the SG-TC mode (where hydrogen evolved from the Mg surface is oxidised at the Pt tip); a) After 5 minutes of exposure b) after 1 hour of exposure c) and d) histogram representations of currents generated from a) and b) respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-adapted-from-28-cyclic-voltammogram-of-a-pt-r12s5d6y.png Figure 1: (Adapted from [28]) Cyclic voltammogram of a Pt microelectrode in a 5mM Ferrocenomethanol (with 0.05 M NaNO3) solution. Ferrocenomethanol undergoes oxidation to form the Ferrocenium ion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-adapted-from-18-the-different-modes-of-conventional-n52t1dq1.png Figure 2: (Adapted from [18]) The different modes of conventional amperometric SECM operation: a) positive feedback, b) negative feedback, c) redox competition, d) Tip GenerationSample Collection (TG-SC), and e) Sample Generation-Tip Collection (SG-TC) mode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-adapted-from-61-the-alternating-current-mode-of-2r2bmyhy.png Figure 7: (Adapted from [61]). The alternating current mode of SECM. RT and CT are the resistance and capacitance of the tip-electrolyte interface, RS and CS are the resistance and capacitance of the sample-electrolyte interface and RS’ and CS’ the same at the site located just below the tip. RSOL is the ohmic resistance of the electrolyte between the UME and the counter electrode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-adapted-from-4454-left-constituents-of-a-mg2-ion-28u3qi0r.png Figure 5: (Adapted from [44,54]). Left: Constituents of a Mg2+ ion selective electrode with liquid contact. Right: Process taking place between the different active components within a liquidcontact ion selective electrode system. The membrane sandwiched between the internal solution and the electrolyte supports Mg2+ ion transport and eventually attains an equilibrium potential (Donnan potential), which varies logarithmically with the Mg2+ ion concentration in the electrolyte. This potential is sensed by the internal reference electrode. The internal reference when connected to an external reference electrode, immersed in the same electrolyte “senses” the Mg2+ ion concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-adapted-from-5254-left-constituents-of-a-mg2-ion-3eqos64b.png Figure 6: (Adapted from [52,54]). Left: Constituents of a Mg2+ ion selective electrode with solid contact. Right: Process taking place between the different active components within a solid-contact ion selective electrode system The membrane sandwiched between the transducer element and the electrolyte attains an equilibrium potential (Donnan potential), which varies logarithmically with the Mg2+ ion concentration in the electrolyte. The transducer element emits/receives electrons from the carbon fiber, to facilitate the equilibrium. The carbon fiber when connected to a reference electrode, immersed in the same electrolyte “senses” the Mg2+ ion concentration. https://scispace.com/papers/possible-egg-masses-from-amphibians-gastropods-and-insects-4b8srj56pu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dip-v-16122-morphotype-1-egg-mass-a-series-of-1z2fqr6a.png Figure 3 DIP-V-16122, Morphotype 1 egg mass, a series of slices through the egg mass to show: A, the external surface; B-D, the distortion in shape of the eggs within the mass; and B-E, the husk-like eggs in the lower part of the mass. Small black arrows in B and C indicate small cavities within individual eggs; white arrows in C and D indicate the husk-like eggs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measurements-in-mm-of-egg-masses-from-mid-cretaceous-270ywtdq.png Table 1 Measurements (in mm) of egg masses from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measurements-in-mm-of-eggs-from-mid-cretaceous-dmlt9yrw.png Table 2 Measurements (in mm) of eggs from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-measurements-of-intact-eggs-from-mid-cretaceous-8u00m678.png Table 3 The measurements of intact eggs from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (mm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-morphotype-3-egg-masses-interpreted-as-insect-eggs-20fpmlck.png Figure 6 Morphotype 3 egg masses, interpreted as insect eggs. A-C, DIP-V-17160, in A, within the amber, B, rendered CT image, and C, enlargement of one egg with embryo; D, amber specimen DIP-V-17234; E, amber specimen DIP-V-18106. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-taphonomic-observations-with-uv-light-a-b-dip-v-1pzh7x8l.png Figure 7 Taphonomic observations with UV light. A,B, DIP-V-16122 eggs and plant fragments intruding on a preexisting resin flow (toward top of image), specimen in same view as Fig. 1A, and reverse, respectively; C, DIP-V-17160 multilayered flow; D,E, DIP-V-17227 stalactite-like flows with eggs at their center, under transmitted light and UV light, respectively; F, DIP-V17234, multiple laminar flows with extensive oxidation between layers. White asterisks mark https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dip-v-16122-a-enlargement-of-morphotype-1-egg-mass-1f6sa1sy.png Figure 4 DIP-V-16122. A, Enlargement of Morphotype 1 egg mass showing possible areas of fungal growth, further enlarged in B and C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-egg-masses-in-amber-from-myanmar-a-morphotype-1-dip-1e05cn5y.png Figure 1 Egg masses in amber from Myanmar. A, Morphotype 1 DIP-V-16122; B, Morphotype 2 DIP-V-17227. https://scispace.com/papers/possible-association-between-snap-25-single-nucleotide-4z7pvzjsxt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2b-genotype-and-allele-distribution-of-the-rs363050-21lr3xcj.png Table 2b Genotype and allele distribution of the rs363050 and rs363043 SNAP-25 SNPs in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients and in age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC2). OR: Odds ratio; 95% CI: Interval of confidence; pc: p value corrected for two degree of freedom for genotype distribution https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-genotype-and-allele-distribution-of-the-rs363050-2v1ncfvl.png Table 2b Genotype and allele distribution of the rs363050 and rs363043 SNAP-25 SNPs in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients and in age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC2). OR: Odds ratio; 95% CI: Interval of confidence; pc: p value corrected for two degree of freedom for genotype distribution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ld-pattern-of-r2-for-the-five-selected-snps-within-the-rxgmbbpk.png Fig. 1. LD pattern of (r2) for the five selected SNPs within the SNAP-25 gene on chromosome 20 p12-p11.2.SNPs. (1) rs363039, (2) rs363043, (3) rs363050, (4) rs3746544, (5) rs1051312. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-categorical-fluency-and-snap-25-polymorphisms-in-ad-8qgglun2.png Table 3 Categorical Fluency and SNAP-25 polymorphisms in AD and aMCI patients. SD, standard deviation, df, degree of freedom, p, p value corrected for degree of freedom https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristic-of-patients-with-a-diagnosis-1jos6shx.png Table 1 Baseline characteristic of patients with a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI); healthy controls (HC1 and HC2) are also included https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-demographical-neuropsychological-and-behavioral-task-2cdplqos.png Table 6 Demographical, neuropsychological and behavioral task-fMRI characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-categorical-fluency-and-snap-25-polymorphisms-in-ad-1ggpmls9.png Table 4 Categorical Fluency and SNAP-25 polymorphisms in AD patients. Results of multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis. Responsible variable: Categorical Fluency Score categorized as ≤25 (pathological) or >25 (normal). OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, interval of confidence https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-logistic-regression-analysis-by-plink-software-380zjy82.png Table 5 Logistic regression analysis by plink software adjusting for gender and APOE4 positivity. Categorical Fluency and SNAP-25 haplotype rs363050 /rs363043 polymorphisms in AD patients. Responsible variable: Categorical Fluency Score categorized as≤25 (pathological) or >25 (normal); covariates: APOE4pos (e4/e4 e4/e3 e2/e4), Gender (female versus male) OR: odds ratio https://scispace.com/papers/possible-donor-and-acceptor-energies-for-mu-in-znse-4vm8mbokp6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-high-temperature-growth-of-the-prompt-diamagnetic-2g4mrwz6.png Fig. 3. High-temperature growth of the prompt diamagnetic amplitude in ZnSe offers an alternative signature for Mu acceptor ionization that results in Mu defect levels in agreement with results for other materials. Data from Ref. [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-microwave-resonance-amplitudes-from-the-isotropic-3asym8wc.png Fig. 2. The microwave resonance amplitudes from the isotropic MuII state in ZnSe. The higher temperature decrease has two energy components associated with competing Mu0 site changes and TSe donor ionization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-microwave-resonance-spectrum-from-the-isotropic-2bwslmbb.png Fig. 1. The microwave resonance spectrum from the isotropic MuII state in ZnSe. Satellite lines are identified as nuclear hyperfine coupling to 77Se neighbours, implying that the MuII site is TSe. https://scispace.com/papers/possible-fates-of-the-dispersion-of-sars-cov-2-in-the-3bm1drz17b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fit-of-the-data-for-the-pre-recovered-and-daily-number-3a0lhonf.png FIG. 2. Fit of the data for the pre-recovered and daily number of cases reported by the Mexican authorities (up to May 19) [27]. a) The symbols represent pre-recovered active (blue circles) and daily cases (green and orange diamonds). The lines are the results for these two populations as obtained from numerical solutions of Eqs. (2.10)-(2.15) for A(t) (blue) and Day(t) (black). b) Comparison of the evolution of A(t) and Day(t) for the attention of domestic confinement (DC) (black lines) and inattention of DC (blue and red lines, respectively). c) Infection probability rate as a function of time for the unreported and infected individuals, and scaled proportion of the number of unreported individuals concerning the number of infected ones. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-projection-of-the-pandemic-evolution-with-data-up-to-t9w7a2hy.png FIG. 4. Projection of the pandemic evolution with data up to July 11 assuming S0 = 850 thousand. a) Evolution of the pandemic after finishing domestic confinement on day 90 (May 29). Orange, dark orange and dark dashed orange lines below correspond to the number of death trends. b) Evolution of the pandemic up to day 350. c) Active and daily cases associated with a) The solid line corresponds to the new trend in recovered people warranting the fit of the active individuals. The thin dashed line in the middle is corresponds to the fit of the death number with out warranting the fit of the active individuals. d) Detail of daily cases associated with c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-projection-of-the-pandemic-evolution-after-the-2qee6u80.png FIG. 3. Projection of the pandemic evolution after the official estimation to end domestic confinement on days 90 and 110. The line keys are the same as in figure 1. a) Evolution of the pandemic after finishing domestic confinement on day 90 (May 29) assuming new susceptible populations of 8 · 104 and 16 · 104. b) Pre-recovered and daily cases associated with a). In c), we show the pandemic evolution after finishing domestic confinement at day 110 (July 4). d) Active and daily cases associated with c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fit-of-the-data-reported-by-the-mexican-authorities-up-1ugkbm6k.png FIG. 1. Fit of the data reported by the Mexican authorities (up to May 19). a) The symbols represent infected (red circles), recovered (blue squares), and death (orange triangles) individuals, the lines the numerical solutions of Eqs. (2.12)-(2.15) for I(t) (red), R(t) (blue), D(t) (orange), unreported U(t) (orange-dashed) and pre-recovered A(t) (cyan). The black dashed line is the number of confirmed cases given by Eq. (3.1). b) Long term projection of the fit. c) Fit of the pre-recovered active cases and d) of the cumulative number of daily cases Day(t). The calculation of the data represented by the symbols was done using Eq. (3.2) (green diamonds squares) and Eq. (3.1) (blue circles). In the case of daily cases (orange squares), we also used data from Johns Hopkins COVID-19 global map to corroborate that our determination of the daily cases coincides with the data reported in Ref. [34]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-the-projections-of-the-pandemic-3lo0pa54.png FIG. 5. Comparison of the projections of the pandemic evolution with data up to August 28 assuming four values of the total susceptible populations: 9.0 · 105 (orange), 1.5 · 106 (magenta), 3.0 · 106 (red) and 4.5 · 106 (blue). In a), the long term evolution of the accumulated number of cases, recovered and deaths. b) The number of pre-recovered active and daily cases. c) The number of daily cases. https://scispace.com/papers/possible-models-for-combining-tracking-data-with-3dgel22g34 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-coefficients-between-parameter-estimates-1jogvmca.png Table 3 Correlation coefficients between parameter estimates. L2053 pertains to simulation 1 (high diffusivity). L1754 pertains to simulations 2 and 3 (low diffusivity). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-likelihood-profiles-for-two-realizations-of-1xwuenrt.png Figure 5 Likelihood profiles for two realizations of simulation. The horizontal bar in each plot represents the point estimate of the parameter ± two standard deviations. The triangle represents the “true” value of the parameter used in the simulations. L2053 pertains to simulation 1 (high diffusivity). L1754 pertains to simulations 2 and 3 (low diffusivity). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-input-parameter-values-for-simulations-of-kalman-26ds5pu3.png Table 2 Input parameter values for simulations of Kalman filter estimation procedure. u and v in Nmi da−1; D in Nmi2da−1; σx and σy in Nmi. The column headed ‘sd’ is the standard deviation of the movement uncertainty in Nmi. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-track-of-juvenile-bluefin-tuna-from-tsuji-et-al-3q47k5ny.png Figure 1 Track of juvenile bluefin tuna from Tsuji et al. 1999. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-regions-used-for-bluefin-tuna-random-walk-2ow7x7ml.png Figure 2 Regions used for bluefin tuna random walk simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-true-observed-dotted-line-and-corrected-solid-line-3oythzv7.png Figure 6 True (+), observed (dotted line) and “corrected” (solid line) position of tags in simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-standardized-bias-plots-the-boxes-indicate-the-23ch2si5.png Figure 4 Standardized bias plots. The boxes indicate the interquartile range, i. e., the area encompassing the central 50% of the estimates. The range bars extend outside of the boxes to the most extreme data point which is no more than 1.5 times the interquartile range. The model parameters, u, v,D, σx, and σy are indicated on the abscissa as u, v, D, RMSx and RMSy repectively. The scale on the ordinate in standard deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-advection-diffusion-parameters-used-for-biased-36qomiuy.png Table 1 Advection-diffusion parameters used for biased random walk simulation of trans-Pacific bluefin tuna track. u and v in Nmi da−1; D in Nmi2da−1. https://scispace.com/papers/possible-phase-separation-and-weak-localization-in-the-3l9s7m4wof 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-synchrotron-x-ray-diffractogram-measured-3vxp1f98.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Synchrotron x-ray diffractogram measured on VS2 powders at 5 K at the Materials Science beamline of the Swiss Light Source (SLS) using a wavelength λ = 0.495 75 Å. Red and black lines represent observed and calculated profile after Rietveld refinement, respectively, while the blue line is their difference. Green ticks represent the calculated position of the Bragg peaks (see also Table I). Inset: the 1T structure of VS2 described by the P 3m1 space group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-the-dc-1mher1wa.png FIG. 8. (Color online) Temperature dependence of the dc electrical resistivity, , and of its derivative. Note the characteristic semimetallic behavior characterized by a crossover from a positive to a negative slope of at TI , and two abrupt changes of the slope at TII and TIV concomitant to anomalies of the lattice parameters and of the magnetic susceptibility (see Figs. 2 and 4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-the-optical-1d3wbgk3.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Temperature dependence of the optical absorption of pure VS2 powders as a function of frequency in the 4–300 K range. The absence of a Drude peak and a weak increase of absorption with temperature indicate a nonmetallic behavior. Note the absence of phonon peaks, except for a weak absorption structure at ≈390 cm−1 (≈49 meV) suggestive of a highly screened phonon mode, in agreement with the prediction of aEu infrared-active mode at 405.8 cm−1 (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-refined-structure-of-vs2-in-the-trigonal-p-3m1-space-2cpwtwz3.png TABLE I. Refined structure of VS2 in the trigonal P -3m1 space group at 5 K. Refined lattice parameters are a = b = 3.230 55(1) Å and c = 5.709 15(2) Å. Numbers in parentheses indicate statistical uncertainty. Atomic coordinates x, y, and z are in reduced lattice units. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-the-lattice-bxa9tjsv.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Temperature dependence of the lattice parameters, a and c (top panel), and of the unit cell volume, V , and the V-S distance, d (bottom), of VS2 obtained from the Rietveld refinement of the powder diffraction data described in the text. The anomalies of the c axis and of the V-S distance at TII and TIII are discussed in the text. TI indicates the temperature at which the electrical resistivity of Fig. 8 exhibits a minimum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-left-electronic-band-structure-and-2yb9ft0k.png FIG. 9. (Color online) Left: electronic band structure and density of states of VS2 in the local density approximation. The size of the circles on a given band is proportional to the vanadium 3d component of the band. Right: phonon dispersion along the (1,1,0) reciprocal space direction. The label qCDW indicates the propagation vector of the CDW instability reported in Ref. [11]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-top-panel-a-temperature-dependence-of-the-26rihn3n.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Top panel (a): temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility, χ (T ), of a representative VS2 sample measured at 10 Oe in both, zero-field- and field-cooling (ZFC, FC) mode. The two ZFC and FC curves are identical within the experimental error. The continuous line represents a Curie-Weiss fit of the ZFC data, as described in the text. Inset: the same data are plotted as (χ − χ0)T vs T in order to put into evidence the deviation of the data from the ideal Curie-Weiss dependence. The anomalies at TII , TIII , and TIV are concomitant to the anomalies of Figs. 2 and 8 and discussed in the text. Bottom panel (b): temperature dependence of the inverse magnetic susceptibility, from which the constant termχ0 has been subtracted, which gives evidence of the overall Curie-Weiss behavior of the data with negligible Weiss constant, ϑ ≈ 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-transmission-electron-microscopy-33icbyq7.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Transmission electron microscopy diffraction pattern taken at 94 K on a grain of VS2 marked by a circle in the inset. The (hk0) Bragg peaks and the in-plane P3m1 unit cell are shown. The absence of satellite peaks rules out the presence of long-range structural modulations. https://scispace.com/papers/possible-involvement-of-g-proteins-and-camp-in-the-induction-3723dq6w83 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-enzymatic-transformation-of-progesterone-by-f-333lkox3.png Fig. 1. Enzymatic transformation of progesterone by F. oxysporum is induced by the substrate. (A) Progesterone (150 M) or 0.1% DMF (uninduced control) was added to fungal c shed s ted w u rone a m https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-15-hydroxyprogesterone-accumulates-predominantly-in-c92p2ue8.png Fig. 2. 15 -hydroxyprogesterone accumulates predominantly in the extracellular https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-theg-protein-subunit-fgb1-is-required-for-progesterone-138bikgg.png Fig. 3. TheG-protein subunit Fgb1 is required for progesterone signaling. Time course of (B). Progesterone (30 M) was added as an inducer to F. oxysporum wild type (empty circl strains. Mycelium and extracellular medium were separated by filtration and steroids de calculated from five independent experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/possible-progression-of-mass-flow-processes-around-young-2i1sfx59m0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-disk-properties-of-target-ysos-2t9g1geb.png Table 2 Disk Properties of Target YSOs https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-intermediate-mass-stars-in-the-samples-of-previous-32b7u07x.png Table 3 Intermediate-mass Stars in the Samples of Previous Studies (Folha & Emerson 2001; Edwards et al. 2006), and Their Properties https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-pb-profile-parameters-1lnj82ml.png Table 6 Pβ Profile Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-equivalent-width-vs-mass-accretion-rate-the-target-3bi0m3qs.png Figure 4. Equivalent width vs. mass accretion rate. The target intermediate-mass stars in this study are presented by large filled circles. Phase I and II sources are shown with red and blue, respectively. Six additional intermediate-mass stars in the samples of Folha & Emerson (2001) and Edwards et al. (2006) are denoted by small symbols with the same colors as that of the targets observed in the present study. The mass accretion rates for the targets observed in the present study are shown in Table 2, the rate for HP Tau is reported by Johns-Krull & Gafford (2002), and the rates for the five remaining additional sources are reported by Edwards et al. (2006). Left: Pβ emission EW and mass accretion rate. Equivalent widths for the targets observed in the present study are shown in Table 6. The error bars of Phase I sources are for V892 Tau and AB Aur, showing the EWs in the case of γ = 0.0 and 2.0 (Section 3.3). The EWs for the additional sources are from Folha & Emerson (2001); those for HP Tau, GM Aur, and DS Tau (showing PC profiles) are obtained from Table 6 in that article, and those for CW Tau and DR Tau are roughly estimated from Figure 1 in that article. Right: Sum of absolute values of emission plus absorption He I EWs vs. mass accretion rate. The EWs for the targets observed in the present study are shown in Table 7 and those for the additional sources are from Table 1 of the study by Edwards et al. (2006). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-winered-observations-11k5r2qy.png Table 4 Summary of WINERED Observations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-residual-pb-profiles-top-and-he-i-profiles-bottom-34mnrsrg.png Figure 3. Residual Pβ profiles (top) and He I profiles (bottom). Velocities are relative to the stellar rest velocities. Spectra for Phase I, II, and III sources are shown in top, middle, and bottom panels, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-statistics-summary-of-he-i-features-and-blueshifted-1dgqz026.png Table 9 Statistics Summary of He I Features and Blueshifted Absorption Types https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-he-i-l10830-spectra-for-phase-iii-sources-the-2br0vb0j.png Figure 5. He I λ10830 spectra for Phase III sources. The synthetic spectra, observed spectra, and residual profiles are shown with red, gray, and black lines, respectively. Photospheric features, Mg I λ10814.1 and Si I (λ10830.1 and λ10846.8), are marked with vertical lines in the panel of V410 Tau (bottom). https://scispace.com/papers/possible-role-of-azole-and-echinocandin-lock-solutions-in-17fitwz5a4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-susceptibility-of-candida-isolates-from-infected-29hve1zx.png Table 1 Susceptibility of Candida isolates from infected catheters to caspofungin, micafungin and posaconazole https://scispace.com/papers/possible-suppression-of-canted-spin-order-in-the-double-16qlyr6p0d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-variation-of-the-canting-energy-with-zener-carrier-co-227pmbkc.png FIG. 4. Variation of the canting energy with Zener carrier co centration for the cubic lattice with layer magnetic structure. Sho also are the results corresponding to De Gennes’ expression ~1!. The other two curves correspond to the results of the Hart Fock calculations. The relative values of the canting energies i cate the diminishing tendency towards the formation of a can spin order asJH is lowered. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dependence-of-the-ground-state-magnetic-structure-the-2xzb9pzs.png FIG. 5. Dependence of the ground-state magnetic structure the carrier concentrationx and the exchange interactionJ, for electronic parameters typical for the manganites. Hatched regions i cate ground states with canted order. The dashed line separate canted and the ferromagnetic regions~indicated by circled C and F! according to Eq.~1!, which neglects several effects as discussed the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-total-energy-as-a-function-of-the-canting-angleu-units-iof1sac0.png FIG. 3. Total energy as a function of the canting angleu ~units of p) for the cubic lattice for selected values ofJH with Zener hole concentrationx50.05. The energy slope corresponding to Eq.~1!, dE/duuu→p5tx, is indicated by the dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-energy-as-a-function-of-the-angle-of-cantingu-obtained-24c275q5.png FIG. 1. Energy as a function of the angle of cantingu obtained from exact diagonalization for the 434 square lattice for two different values of the number of Zener electrons:~a! N56 and ~b! N53. The electron parameters used are listed in~b!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-one-electron-density-of-statesr-e-for-the-cubic-260tclmz.png FIG. 2. One-electron density-of-statesr(e) for the cubic lattice corresponding to the dispersion relation, Eq.~3! Energy is in units of t. https://scispace.com/papers/possible-roles-for-folic-acid-in-the-regulation-of-5g0uu7jvv5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effect-of-culture-in-folic-acid-at-10-6-m-10-8-m-and-1t4j7p9b.png FIG. 1. Effect of culture in folic acid at 10 6 M, 10 8 M, and 10 10 M concentrations on the invasive capacity of placental villous explants. Data are expressed as mean normalized to DMEM:F12 control 6 SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-culture-in-10-6-m-10-8-m-and-10-10-m-9wwrwudw.png FIG. 3. Effect of culture in 10 6 M, 10 8 M, and 10 10 M concentrations of folic acid on vascular density of placental villous explants, as determined by CD31 immunostaining. In photomicrographs (a) CD31positive cells appear brown and are clearly visible around placental vessels (indicated by arrows). Original magnification 3200. In graphs (b) data are shown as mean positivity 6 SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-culture-in-folic-acid-at-concentrations-of-4wc2652s.png FIG. 2. Effect of culture in folic acid at concentrations of 10 6 M, 10 8 M, and 10 10 M on (a) caspase 3 expression and (b) MKI67 expression of placental villous explants. Data are shown as mean positivity 6 SEM. Original magnification 3200. https://scispace.com/papers/possible-translations-semantics-for-some-weak-classically-4gxi4vhv19 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-matrices-of-the-logic-lfi1-crc5ckui.png Table 1. Matrices of the logic LFI1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-some-fundamental-paraconsistent-logics-38j6m8f6.png Figure 1. Some fundamental paraconsistent logics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-matrices-ofm-13nlbfdm.png Table 2. Matrices ofM https://scispace.com/papers/possible-worlds-semantics-for-probabilistic-logic-programs-x3b27rb5li 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-algorithm-genmodt-for-computing-4l0b1sx3.png Fig. 3. Algorithm GenModT for computing . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sample-p-programs-hhrir7xi.png Fig. 1. Sample P-programs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-determination-of-segments-in-left-and-algorithm-genmod-12q0nj4q.png Fig. 2. Determination of segments in (left) and algorithm GenMod for computing . (right) https://scispace.com/papers/post-acquisition-processing-confounds-in-brain-volumetric-4olq5x2fnn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-summarizing-the-use-of-the-discovery-2f3ohubi.png Figure 1: Flow chart summarizing the use of the discovery dataset (n=21) that examined distinct sources of variability inherent in white matter hyperintensity volumetric quantification (WMH-VQ) processing techniques. https://scispace.com/papers/post-acute-care-and-secondary-prevention-after-ischaemic-452k0i5rct 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-potential-population-impact-of-acute-stroke-iu5d76tg.png Table 1| Potential population impact of acute stroke interventions for a hypothetical population of one million with 2500 strokes per year34 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-evidence-for-antiplatelets-in-stroke-preventionw57-1p0h77d7.png Table 3| Evidence for antiplatelets in stroke preventionw57-w59 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-patient-outcomes-in-the-stroke-unit-1ci8gt75.png Table 2| Summary of patient outcomes in the stroke unit trials3 https://scispace.com/papers/post-cmos-compatible-microfabrication-of-a-multi-analyte-36fh4a5blu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pdms-microfluidic-channel-to-form-bio-interface-on-22rknnic.png Figure. 4. PDMS microfluidic channel to form bio-interface on individual working electrodes and deliver analytes, with dedicate inlets and outlets for each channel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-electrode-array-a-top-view-b-cross-section-view-of-pyvdl87f.png Figure 3. Electrode array. (A) Top view, (B) Cross-section view of A-A’ section, with imposed PDMS stamp. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-microfabricated-electrode-array-on-glass-slide-with-o99xi7ua.png Figure 2. Microfabricated electrode array on glass slide, with 2x2 disk working electrode array, counter electrode and on-site reference electrodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cyclic-voltammogram-of-post-cmos-electrodes-in-20-u0y1dxjx.png Figure 5. Cyclic voltammogram of post-CMOS electrodes in 20 mM potassium ferricyanide, 1M KCl at 25oC and 100mVS-1 scan rate, vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cyclic-voltammogram-of-an-sadh-enzyme-modified-1u1a8loe.png Figure 6. Cyclic voltammogram of an sADH enzyme modified electrode in 2% IPA PBS buffer solution at 25Co and 200mVS-1 scan rate vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode, showing reduction and oxidation peaks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-details-of-the-passivated-electrode-and-its-3ufrbgoj.png Figure 1. Details of the passivated electrode and its connection to top CMOS metal pad via overglass opening. https://scispace.com/papers/post-conflict-curating-the-arts-and-politics-of-belfast-s-1p8a1szsjd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-band-of-brothers-mural-beverley-street-belfast-c-17do7k9d.png Fig. 4. ‘Band of Brothers’ mural, Beverley Street, Belfast. © Extramural Activity, 2015. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-kitchener-mural-northumberland-street-belfast-c-2lfyb6nc.png Fig. 5. ‘Kitchener’ mural, Northumberland Street, Belfast. © Extramural Activity, 2017. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-lt-col-john-henry-patterson-mural-northumberland-auhap9lp.png Fig. 3. ‘Lt. Col. John Henry Patterson’ mural, Northumberland Street, Belfast. © Extramural Activity, 2015. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-welcome-to-the-shankill-road-mural-northumberland-2w6lhioh.png Fig. 2. ‘Welcome to the Shankill Road’ mural, Northumberland Street, Belfast, 2016. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-peace-walls-dividing-the-falls-and-shankill-areas-of-yzmx7j70.png Fig. 1. Peace walls dividing the Falls and Shankill areas of Belfast, 2016. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sign-alleging-racist-attack-on-patterson-mural-5eyzpt19.png Fig. 6. Sign alleging ‘racist’ attack on ‘Patterson’ mural, Northumberland Street, Belfast, 2016 https://scispace.com/papers/post-copulatory-behavior-of-olive-baboons-papio-anubis-42lpvn1wao 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-frequency-of-post-copulatory-grooming-pcg-initiation-twgkpqtu.png TABLE 4 Frequency of post-copulatory grooming (PCG) initiation in relation to copulation 232  type (number of cases in parentheses). 233  234 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-post-copulatory-darting-model-binomial-glmm-2xfo0fg2.png TABLE 3 Post-copulatory darting model. Binomial GLMM evaluating if the likelihood of 217  darting is influenced by the male and female genital health status (GHS), presence of 218  copulation calls and type of copulation. Estimates, standard errors (SE), z-values, and 2.5% 219  and 97.5% confidence intervals (CI) are shown for fixed effects. Intercept with reference 220  category for non-ulcerated individuals, absence of copulation calls and non-ejaculatory 221  events. 222  223 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definition-of-variables-132-133-38rm46w9.png TABLE 1 Definition of variables 132  133 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-copulation-call-model-binary-glmm-evaluating-if-the-15e17u1l.png TABLE 2 Copulation call model. Binary GLMM evaluating if the likelihood of uttering a 200  copulation call is affected by the male and female genital health status (GHS), the number of 201  pelvic thrusts and the type of copulation. Estimates, standard errors (SE), z-values, and 2.5% 202  and 97.5% confidence intervals (CI) are shown for fixed effects. Intercept with a reference 203  category for non-ulcerated individuals and non-ejaculatory events. 204  205 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-frequency-of-copulation-calls-and-darting-after-20es2yv6.png FIGURE 2 Frequency of copulation calls and darting after ejaculatory copulations (top; n = 197  163) and non-ejaculatory copulations (bottom; n = 354). Total number of copulations = 517. 198  199 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-pcg-duration-model-glmms-evaluating-if-the-duration-bcihm0wn.png TABLE 6 PCG duration model. GLMMs evaluating if the duration of PCG is affected by the 246  presence of copulation calls and type of copulation. Estimates, standard errors (SE), z-247  values, and 2.5% and 97.5% confidence intervals (CI) are shown for fixed effects. PCG 248  performed by males and females is shown in PCG-M and PCG-F respectively. Intercept with 249  reference category for non-ulcerated individuals, absence of copulation calls and non-250  ejaculatory events (GHS = genital health status). 251  252 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-post-copulatory-grooming-pcg-presence-model-binomial-2l7cd7j3.png TABLE 5 Post-copulatory grooming (PCG)-presence model. Binomial GLMM evaluating if 238  the likelihood of PCG is affected by the male and female genital health status (GHS), 239  presence of copulation calls and type of copulation. Estimates, standard errors (SE), z-240  values, and 2.5% and 97.5% confidence intervals (CI) are shown for fixed effects. Intercept 241  with reference category for non-ulcerated individuals, absence of copulation calls and non-242  ejaculatory events. 243  244 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-genital-skin-ulcerations-caused-by-treponema-1o8eli1q.png FIGURE 1 Genital skin ulcerations caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue in an 96  adult female (top) and a subadult male (bottom) olive baboon at Lake Manyara National 97  Park, Tanzania. 98  99 https://scispace.com/papers/post-deployment-family-violence-among-uk-military-personnel-31ivgp3b65 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-study-sample-2s33yqc2.png Table 1 Characteristics of Study Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristic-profile-comparison-of-family-and-7iwkblbd.png Table 2 Characteristic profile comparison of family and stranger violence https://scispace.com/papers/post-fragmentation-vesiculation-timescales-in-hydrous-21feghqm8t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stages-of-bubble-nucleation-and-growth-leading-to-1jyk1mx2.png Figure 1. Stages of bubble nucleation and growth leading to magma fragmentation in a volcanic 91 conduit. Individual pyroclasts of pumice may continue to vesiculate past the point of initial 92 fragmentation although this process is dictated by cooling rates within the pumice clast, modified 93 after Gonnermann and Manga (2007). 94 95 1.1 Previous experimental bubble growth studies 96 97 Several studies involving decompression and heating experiments on silicic melts have sought to 98 gain an understanding of the effects of magma ascent and decompression on bubble nucleation 99 and growth (e.g. Gardner et al. 2000, Hamada et al. 2010, Lavallée et al. 2015; Ryan et al. 2015; 100 Forte and Castro, 2019). Whilst the vast majority of previous bubble growth experiments utilised 101 a heat (and/or decompression) and quench technique whereby the end-member product of 102 vesiculation was recorded in terms of vesicle size distributions (e.g Gardner et al, 1999; 2000; Lui 103 https://scispace.com/papers/post-exertion-oxygen-saturation-as-a-prognostic-factor-for-45574ao0nc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-accuracy-of-post-exertion-change-in-oxygen-3o2omivv.png Table 3: Accuracy of post-exertion change in oxygen saturation from baseline at a range of thresholds for positivity, secondary analysis (N=652) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-roc-curves-showing-index-test-accuracies-for-6yhua3jg.png Fig 3: ROC curves showing index test accuracies for predicting adverse outcome, secondary analysis (N=655) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-index-tests-summary-statistics-between-nhbzs01p.png Table 1: Comparison of index tests summary statistics between those with and without adverse outcome https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-roc-curves-showing-index-test-accuracies-for-2zt5p5ea.png Figure 2: ROC curves showing index test accuracies for predicting adverse outcome, primary analysis (n=817) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-accuracy-of-post-exertion-change-in-oxygen-pf12umlf.png Table 2: Accuracy of post-exertion change in oxygen saturation from baseline at a range of thresholds for positivity, primary analysis (N=813) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overlayed-histogram-comparing-post-exertion-change-lmkd7y4m.png Figure 1: Overlayed histogram comparing post-exertion change in oxygen saturation from baseline between patients with and without adverse outcome (N=813) https://scispace.com/papers/post-disturbance-vegetation-dynamics-during-the-late-4vts5cfjja 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-14c-dating-showing-calibrated-age-ranges-3jziwvbm.png Table 1. Results of 14C dating, showing calibrated age ranges (2σ) in cal yr BP. 742 743 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-eigenvalues-and-variance-explained-by-the-principal-1d2nack9.png Table 2. Eigenvalues and variance explained by the principal components obtained by PCA analysis of 746 the transposed data matrix of local taxa (hydro-hygrophytes and NPP). 747 748 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-eigenvalues-and-variance-explained-by-the-principal-1qrbpwon.png Table 3. Eigenvalues and variance explained by the principal components obtained by PCA analysis of 751 the transposed data matrix of regional pollen indicators. 752 753 https://scispace.com/papers/post-fire-bryophyte-establishment-in-a-continental-bog-4qwpn3xw5j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fragment-addition-treatment-design-each-treatment-3j69507z.png Table 1. Fragment addition treatment design. Each treatment was randomly assigned to three high and low microtopographic positions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-percent-cover-se-for-polytrichum-strictum-and-wctlr96i.png Fig. 3. Mean percent cover ± SE for Polytrichum strictum and Sphagnum angustifolium in fragment addition (n = 18), sterilized-no fragment (n = 6), and control (n = 6) plots. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-contingency-tables-of-true-moss-and-sphagnum-moss-26ohfy5m.png Table 3. Contingency tables of true moss and Sphagnum moss occurrence for 54 plots in the fragment addition (a) and natural (b) transect. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-percent-cover-sd-n-6-for-treatment-table-1-x-12jk7hr6.png Table 2. Mean percent cover ± SD (n = 6) for treatment (Table 1) × species (POLY=P. strictum; ANGU = Sphagnum angustifolium; FUSC = S. fuscum; MAG = S. magellanicum) combinations within the fragment addition transect. Values with different letter labels have significantly different mean ranks (Tukey’s HSD0.05, 22,144 = 65.81). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-percent-cover-se-for-four-species-at-low-and-high-dzbnvqfv.png Fig. 1. Mean percent cover ± SE for four species at low and high relative microtopographic positions along the fragment addition transect. Bars with different labels have significantly different mean ranks (Tukey’s HSD0.05,8,144=26.03). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proportion-of-plots-with-addition-of-polytrichum-2j253t6f.png Fig. 2. Proportion of plots with addition of Polytrichum strictum (Poly; n = 18), Sphagnum angustifolium (Angu; n = 18), S. fuscum (Fusc; n = 18), or S. magellanicum (Mag; n = 12) fragments in which the applied species occurred. https://scispace.com/papers/post-large-earthquake-seismic-activities-mediated-by-xvlnvm9a5m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-seismic-nearest-neighbor-distribution-left-1vjl6uqy.png Figure 4: Seismic nearest neighbor distribution. Left: Histogram of the nearest-neighbor distance d 608 = RT. Right: Joint distribution of rescaled time T and space R, rescaled by など貸待┻泰長陳, with b = 0.913 609 from the Gutenberg-Richter relation and M being the magnitude of the parent event. Top: Entire 610 catalog from ref. 9, containing seismicity from 1981 and updated to 30/09/2016. Bottom: Immediate 611 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spatio-temporal-afterslip-and-brawley-swarm-3kwolu9m.png Figure 3: Spatio-temporal afterslip and Brawley swarm deformation. (A) Black: GPS IC6 597 temporal evolution and corresponding standard deviation. Green: Best fit with a rate-strengthening 598 afterslip function (equation S3). Magenta: Cumulative number of earthquakes strongly linked 599 (clustered, set C) to EMC and Ocotillo earthquakes. Blue vertical lines: Ocotillo earthquake and 600 Brawley swarm epochs. (B) Map view of the corresponding spatial distributions. Arrows/Circles: 601 horizontal/vertical spatial distribution. Black arrows/Outer circles: data derived. Red arrows/inner 602 circles: modeled. Squares: earthquakes set C spatial distribution. (C) as (A) but for IC9 (black), and 603 cumulative number of events in a 15 km radius from the largest Brawley swarm event (Mw 5.41, -604 115.5403E, 33.0185N). Blue dashed lines mark epochs when events with Mw>4.0 occurred. 605 606 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spatio-temporal-viscoelastic-post-seismic-1xnpg9el.png Figure 2: Spatio-temporal viscoelastic post-seismic deformation. (A) Black: GPS IC1 temporal 585 evolution and corresponding standard deviation. Red: viscoelastic IC1 temporal evolution of ref. 16 586 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-of-earthquakes-with-positive-tucha-ca-ca-3cnlhkj7.png Table 1: Percentage of earthquakes with positive ッ察擦擦 for different deformation mechanisms. 614 The total number of earthquakes in set C is 1135, and in set NC is 498. For the viscoelastic 615 calculations the number of earthquakes in set C is 981, and in set NC is 360. 616 https://scispace.com/papers/post-newtonian-dynamical-modeling-of-supermassive-black-2gxnqli0qf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-effect-of-the-ketju-gbs-error-tolerance-parameter-2l36g9l2.png Fig. 5.— The effect of the KETJU GBS error tolerance parameter on the SMBH binary evolution. The gravitational softening length is fixed to = 6 pc and the chain radius is set to rchain = 18 pc. The run with ηGBS= 10 −6 is the same as in Fig. 4. All KETJU runs with different ηGBS values, ηGBS= 10 −5, ηGBS= 10 −6 and ηGBS= 10 −7, yield consistently similar results both in the evolution of binary eccentricity and the semi-major axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-illustration-of-a-chain-subsystem-with-a-single-28hfd6qk.png Fig. 2.— An illustration of a chain subsystem with a single SMBH (the black filled circle), chain particles (red stars), perturbing tree particles (green stars) and ordinary tree particles (yellow stars). The chain radius of the SMBH is marked with rchain and the radius containing the perturbers with rpert. Note that here we assume equal-mass tree particles so there is a single perturber radius. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-evolution-of-a-smbh-binary-simulated-using-nbody7-3s4bhqo3.png Fig. 4.— The evolution of a SMBH binary simulated using NBODY7, standard GADGET-3, rVINE and four KETJU runs. In all KETJU simulations the GBS error tolerance is set to ηGBS= 10 −6. Left panel: the binary eccentricities are in general small, except for the GADGET-3 run. Right panel: the evolution of the inverse semi-major axis. When the gravitational softening is very small ( . 1 pc), the KETJU result is close to the NBODY7 result. When is increased to 3− 5 pc, the KETJU results appear to converge to a slightly gentler hardening slope than seen in the NBODY7 run. Runs with KETJU and NBODY7 for a low resolution Hernquist sphere with N = 105 particles results in unphysically strong two-body relaxationand steep hardening slopes, when → 0. In the GADGET-3 run, the SMBH binary stalls around 1/a ∼ 1/ , as expected. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-left-panel-the-velocity-distribution-of-stellar-1aejq7jt.png Fig. 17.— Left panel: the velocity distribution of stellar particles crossing a shell at a distance r = 30 pc from the SMBH binary during 200 Myr < t < 400 Myr. Because of the deep potential well of the DM halo in H5, there are fewer particles with low velocities and a large number of particles with high velocities v > 750 km/s compared to the bulge-only samples. The difference between the B1 and B5 samples is the low-velocity tail in the distribution of B1. Right panel: the distribution of stellar particle velocities with respect to the time-dependent watershed velocity w, see the text for a definition. Now the difference of samples B1 and B5 becomes clear: there are more particles with velocties below the watershed velocity w in B1 than in B5. These slowly moving stellar particles harden the SMBH binary efficiently. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-the-post-newtonian-binary-evolution-in-five-runs-from-2uafnlkd.png Fig. 18.— The Post-Newtonian binary evolution in five runs from the simulation sample H5 PN. As the SMBH binary eccentricities are high, the SMBH mergers occur rapidly, 120 Myr - 264 Myr after the formation of the binaries. It is important to note that a scatter of ∆e ∼ 0.15 in binary eccentricity results in a large difference ∆t ∼ 144 Myr in the coalescence times. The large scatter in the SMBH coalescence timescale is due to the very steep dependence of the GW emission on the binary eccentricity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-scaling-test-t2-the-performance-of-ketju-and-cvpaqkig.png Fig. 9.— The scaling test T2: the performance of KETJU and GADGET-3 with different numbers of MPI tasks and different accuracy parameters. Top panel: the scaling for standard GADGET3. In this particular test the code scales well up to ∼ 50 − 75 tasks after which the scaling is poor. Middle panel: the scaling of KETJU is very similar to standard GADGET-3, but KETJU consumes approximatively 50 % more computational time. Bottom panel: the scaling of the AR-CHAIN part is approximately flat, as expected. For more information about the node-based computation strategy, see the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-binary-evolution-in-the-bulge-only-simulation-sample-1mn6zqwy.png Fig. 12.— Binary evolution in the bulge-only simulation sample B. The lines with the same color have the same mass resolution but different random seeds in their initial conditions. Left panel: the eccentricity evolution after the binary formation. The binary eccentricity is clearly higher and more converged in the high-resolution runs. Right panel: the inverse semi-major axis. The hardening rate d(1/a)/dt decreases when going from low to high resolutions, as expected. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-evolution-of-the-binary-in-the-halo-included-18xpu5ar.png Fig. 13.— The evolution of the binary in the halo-included simulation sample H. The lines with the same color have the same mass resolution but different random seeds in their initial conditions. The binary eccentricities are quantitatively similar in simulation samples B and H. However, in contrast to simulation sample B the evolution of the hardening rate d(1/a)/dt of the inverse semi-major axis for sample H shows no apparent resolution-dependence. https://scispace.com/papers/post-monsoon-sea-surface-temperature-and-convection-2r36pv30s5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-composite-sst-anomaly-for-d-e-1965-1972-1982-for-a-fbkws0uk.png Figure 1. Composite SST anomaly for D&E (1965, 1972, 1982) for: (a) JJA; (b) SON after monsoon; (c) DJF after monsoon; (d) MAM after monsoon https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hrc-17-year-climatology-1971-87-for-a-son-b-djf-c-fxikls2q.png Figure 3. HRC 17 year climatology (1971–87) for: (a) SON; (b) DJF; (c) MAM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hrc-difference-d-e-w-for-son-after-monsoon-281rd8ea.png Figure 4. HRC difference (D&E − W) for SON after monsoon https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hrc-difference-d-e-w-for-son-after-monsoon-3cec8r3p.png Figure 5. HRC difference (D&E − W) for SON after monsoon https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-hrc-difference-d-e-w-for-djf-after-monsoon-y05ghr9k.png Figure 6. HRC difference (D&E − W) for DJF after monsoon https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-ismr-and-its-departure-from-the-long-term-mean-in-1xej0iwv.png Table I. ISMR and its departure from the long-term mean in standard deviation (SD) units (dry and wet years chosen are also indicated). W: wet; D&E: dry and El Niño; D: dry and no El Niño https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-hrc-anomaly-for-son-after-1976-monsoon-2tuaz2j7.png Figure 8. HRC anomaly for SON after 1976 monsoon https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-hrc-difference-d-e-w-for-mam-after-monsoon-2797gqw9.png Figure 7. HRC difference (D&E − W) for MAM after monsoon https://scispace.com/papers/post-occupancy-evaluation-of-a-historic-primary-school-in-19g81aa3ln 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-physiological-characteristics-and-du-bois-surface-15vftto0.png Table 6. Physiological characteristics and Du Bois surface area for six and seven-year-old pupils of the surveyed school. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-shows-the-growth-reference-data-age-weight-height-242ox76r.png Table 6. Physiological characteristics and Du Bois surface area for six and seven-year-old pupils of the surveyed school. https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-matrix-of-thermal-sensation-vote-indexes-for-pupils-3plx5d4i.png Table 12. Matrix of Thermal Sensation Vote indexes for pupils (TSVp) and teachers (TSVt). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-subjective-responses-tsvp-for-pupils-mean-and-2zd1cyli.png Figure 3. Subjective responses (TSVp) for pupils (mean and standard deviation votes). Note for Editor: one-column fitting image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shows-the-tsvp-values-for-pupils-summarizing-the-26fe5ysn.png Figure 3. Subjective responses (TSVp) for pupils (mean and standard deviation votes). Note for Editor: one-column fitting image https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thickness-and-thermal-transmittance-of-the-building-3m9c61na.png Table 1. Thickness and thermal transmittance of the building envelope and openings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-original-left-and-current-right-building-appearance-2823uwio.png Figure 1. Original (left) and current (right) building appearance (source: City Council of Villar del Arzobispo). Note for Editor: two-column fitting image https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-specifications-of-the-measuring-equipment-1o3dn5dj.png Table 3. Specifications of the measuring equipment. https://scispace.com/papers/post-polymerization-modification-of-materials-using-1cwml5mmey 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-material-5a-after-a-washing-with-5-hcl-b-washing-1yx4gh86.png Figure 2. Material 5a after (a) washing with 5% HCl; (b) washing with 5% NaHCO3; (c) washing with 5% HCl. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characterisation-data-for-selected-modified-polymers-2iyxex8d.png Table 2: Characterisation data for selected modified polymers 4 and 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-water-contact-angle-wca-deg-for-modified-polymer-3dcci1nu.png Table 4: Water contact angle (WCA/°) for modified polymer films 4e,g,p and 5e,g,p. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hydrogen-peroxide-loading-on-functionalised-polymers-10npydpi.png Table 3: Hydrogen peroxide loading on functionalised polymers 6a-s and 9 prepared according to the protocol of Scheme 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-water-entry-times-for-selected-modified-polymers-1gpxv3jn.png Table 5: Water entry times for selected modified polymers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-clockwise-from-top-a-blank-xad-4-h2o2-4a-6a-b-3fsldway.png Figure 3. Clockwise from top:(A) blank XAD-4+H2O2, 4a, 6a; (B) Clockwise from top blank UHMWPE+H2O2, 4c, 6c. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-functionalised-polymers-prepared-according-to-the-2fgcjofl.png Table 1: Functionalised polymers prepared according to the protocol of Scheme 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wx4xb1fc.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/post-retained-single-crowns-versus-fixed-dental-prostheses-a-2a9qb0owhi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-detail-description-of-clinical-procedures-followed-2ie9r50q.png Table 1. Detail Description of Clinical Procedures Followed in Endodontic Treatment and Post Space Preparation and Cementation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kaplan-meier-survival-plots-log-rank-test-p-0-05-a-r303qffj.png Figure 2. Kaplan-Meier survival plots (log-rank test, P < 0.05). (A) Overall survival. (B) SCs strong versus weak. (C) FDPs strong versus weak. (D) SCs strong versus FDPs strong. (E) SCs weak versus FDPs strong. (F) SCs strong versus FDPs weak. (G) SCs weak versus FDPs weak. FDP, fixed dental prosthesis; SC, single crown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cumulative-survival-rates-recorded-in-experimental-iobmwihn.png Table 2. Cumulative Survival Rates Recorded in Experimental Groups over an 84-mo Observation Period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-failure-modes-among-the-groups-212vie1q.png Table 3. Distribution of Failure Modes among the Groups Observed after 84 mo of Clinical Service. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-consort-consolidated-standards-of-reporting-trials-3m07kk43.png Figure 1. CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) flow diagram. https://scispace.com/papers/post-stroke-fatigue-is-linked-to-resting-state-posterior-5bnq6ncfk2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-ischaemic-stroke-subtypes-across-36kxpbte.png Figure 1 Distribution of Ischaemic Stroke Subtypes Across Fatigued vs Non-Fatigued Groups. Note. LACI = lacunar cerebral infarction; PACI = partial anterior cerebral infarction; POCI = posterior cerebral infarction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-main-results-in-falff-for-fatigued-vs-non-fatigued-3pew0oz3.png Figure 3 Main Results in fALFF for Fatigued vs Non-Fatigued in the 0.01 – 0.08 Hz Band. A. Results for the non-fatigued > fatigued contrast. B. Results for the fatigued > non-fatigued contrast. The colour bar represents the magnitude of the t-statistic computed from the analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-significant-z-falff-results-for-fatigued-vs-non-2do7mwfs.png Table 2 Significant z-fALFF Results for Fatigued vs Non-Fatigued in the 0.01-0.08 Hz and Slow-4 and Slow-5 Bands https://scispace.com/papers/post-transcriptional-processing-generates-a-diversity-of-5-2zvw4n9bk6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-correlation-of-srnas-and-cage-tags-a-distribution-2vq9xt4s.png Figure 2 | Correlation of sRNAs and CAGE tags. a, Distribution of CAGE tags over annotated TSSs. Orientation is with respect to the long transcript. Antisense sRNAs are plotted with a different y-axis beneath. (Uncollapsed data.) b, Distribution of PASR (top) and non-PASR sRNAs (bottom) around CAGE tag 59 ends. The distance to closest short RNA59 end was plotted for each CAGE tag. (Collapsed data.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-regulation-of-gene-expression-by-pasrs-a-expression-19cgvwi3.png Figure 4 | Regulation of gene expression by PASRs. a, Expression profile of the MYC locus. The long and short RNA profile of HeLa cells on Affymetrix tiling arrays. Red rectangles indicate the designed synthetic PASRs (MYC_1–5 are denoted by numbers and sequence information is provided in Supplementary Table 2) corresponding to peaks in the sRNA array profile. b, MYC mRNA expression levels in HeLa cells as measured by quantitative PCR with reverse transcription (n5 3, P values, 0.01). c, Effects of PASR transfections on a MYC-responsive luciferase transcriptional reporter in HeLa cells was measured as relative light units (RLU) (n5 2, *P, 0.01, **P, 0.001). For reference, a control 33-mer and an siRNA directed against luciferase (siGL3) are shown. https://scispace.com/papers/postcommunist-societies-in-times-of-transition-perceptions-1jldvd86zg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-anovas-for-adolescents-perceptions-by-1ghqvi9n.png Table 1. Results of ANOVAs for Adolescents’ Perceptions by Gender, Age Group, and Country of Origin https://scispace.com/papers/posterior-alpha-oscillations-reflect-attentional-problems-in-3kvt7o2wky 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-task-performance-1yabtefe.png Table 2. Task performance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-1fmts92x.png Table 1. Demographic characteristics. https://scispace.com/papers/posterior-analysis-of-random-taste-coefficients-in-air-2r2g9qihsi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-in-distribution-of-conditional-means-of-2ekhscfm.png Table 3: Correlation in distribution of conditional means of marginal utility coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimated-distributions-and-distributions-of-2i2wadxp.png Figure 2: Estimated distributions and distributions of conditional means for four randomly distributed taste coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-for-estimated-distributions-and-1u2rdff8.png Table 2: Summary statistics for estimated distributions and distributions of conditional means for four randomly distributed taste coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-the-valuation-of-travel-time-2rjiecr4.png Figure 3: Distribution of the valuation of travel time savings (VTTS) with unconditional estimates and conditional mean estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-reestimation-of-model-with-imported-conditional-84u4mwcp.png Table 7: Reestimation of model with imported conditional means https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-statistics-for-distributions-for-various-26grhy91.png Table 5: Summary statistics for distributions for various trade-offs using conditional means https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-comparison-of-trade-offs-between-models-std-dev-in-3oibyxwv.png Table 8: Comparison of trade-offs between models (std. dev. in brackets) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-statistics-for-estimated-distributions-for-2jg50f40.png Table 4: Summary statistics for estimated distributions for various trade-offs https://scispace.com/papers/postglacial-fire-history-and-interactions-with-vegetation-54rb7h5ndc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-sketch-map-of-monsoon-and-non-monsoon-regions-1u1n61ok.png Figure 1. (a) The sketch map of monsoon and non-monsoon regions in China and other sites mentioned in text (XJN: Xujianian; ETC: Ertangcun; JYC: Jiangyangcun; DXF: Dongxiafeng). (b) Topographic map of southwestern China and the location of Qinghai Lake. (c) Climate diagram from Tengchong meteorological station near Qinghai Lake showing monthly temperature and precipitation. These data are 34-year climate averages for the period 1980–2013. MAT: mean annual temperature; MAP: mean annual precipitation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-results-from-charcoal-analyses-pollen-diversity-1lmtco11.png Figure 2. Results from charcoal analyses, pollen diversity indices, percentages of six main pollen taxa, and sedimentation rate for Qinghai Lake. The red shadings indicate the three periods with high fire activity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-comparison-of-fire-activity-from-qinghai-lake-and-251a6evx.png Figure 3. A comparison of fire activity from Qinghai Lake and climate proxies from the southwest monsoon regions. (a) Peak magnitude. (b) Fire episodes. (c) Fire frequency (this study). (d) Standardized data of pollen percentages of Castanopsis/Lithocarpus (green line), evergreen oaks (black line), and herbs (red line) from Qinghai Lake (Xiao et al., 2015). (e) DCA axis 1 sample score of pollen data from Qinghai Lake (Xiao et al., 2015). (f) PCA axis 1 sample score of pollen data from Tiancai Lake (Xiao et al., 2014a, b). (g) Standardized data of pollen percentages of Tsuga (green line), Betula (black line), and herbs (red line) from Lugu Lake (Wang, 2012). (h) The δ18O record of the planktic foraminifera G. rubber for core NOIP905, western Arabian Sea (Huguet et al., 2006). The light-green shadings indicate relatively cold and dry periods corresponding to H1 and YD. The red shadings indicate relatively warm and humid periods corresponding to the B/A and HCO. The red lines with arrows indicate increases in temperature and precipitation. The blue lines with arrows indicate climate cooling and drying. https://scispace.com/papers/postfire-seeding-and-plant-community-recovery-in-the-great-1effklhv07 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-density-of-seeded-species-nonseeded-species-and-2b0v4ag3.png Figure 2. Density of seeded species, nonseeded species, and Bromus tectorum at each of five sites, displayed by aspect and over time. Note changes in Y-axis scale between sites. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-density-plants-m22-and-frequency1-of-seeded-and-jfyh3tmh.png Table 3. The density (plants ? m22) and frequency1 of seeded and nonseeded perennials, Bromus tectorum, and other annuals in five surveyed fire sites by 2010. Values are means, averaged across aspects; numbers in parentheses are standard errors. Letters represent significant (P, 0.05) differences based on Tukey’s HSD within main effects. Perennial forbs were not seeded at two sites, indicated by dashes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-density-of-a-seeded-perennial-grasses-b-9uex65tt.png Figure 3. The density of A, seeded perennial grasses. B, nonseeded perennial grasses. C, nonseeded perennial forbs. D, nonseeded shrubs. E, Bromus tectorum. F, other annuals on flat areas, north aspects, and south aspects, from 2007 to 2010. Values are means and standard errors averaged across all sites. Upper-case letters indicate differences among years based on Tukey’s tests; lower-case letters indicate significant differences among aspects within years. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-five-fire-sites-in-elko-county-nv-1u5ov621.png Table 1. Characteristics of five fire sites in Elko County, NV, including size of sampling area (averaged between the two north and south aspect areas), for flat areas (F), north (N), and south aspects (S); slope of north and south aspects; average frequency of dead shrub stems in a 1 3 1 m quadrat the first year postfire; seeded species,1 and soil series associations. A dash indicates a component not seeded at a particular site. Bolded species are nonnative, and species marked with an asterisk are native to North America, but not naturally found in Nevada. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fire-boundaries-and-locations-of-five-monitored-2bs07zxn.png Figure 1. Fire boundaries and locations of five monitored fire sites in Elko County, NV that burned in 2006. Inset is a map of Nevada counties. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-degree-to-which-frequency-data-predicted-density-2w75j05f.png Table 4. Degree to which frequency data predicted density data, by species or vegetation category, for the 4-yr survey period. Nonseeded shrubs were extremely rare in 2007, as were seeded shrubs in 2010; therefore, these values were not analyzed, indicated with dashes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-change-in-aerial-cover-from-2007-to-2010-averaged-39tw5qkj.png Figure 4. Change in aerial cover from 2007 to 2010, averaged across all five sites. Seeded species are primarily perennial grasses, but forb and shrub cover are included in these measures. Nonseeded native species included a mix of perennial grasses, forbs, and shrubs; ‘‘other annuals’’ are almost entirely weedy forbs. Cover values of rocks and dead shrub stems were minor and not included in this figure; therefore, values do not add up to 100%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-from-anova-comparing-the-density-of-seeded-18al3moe.png Table 2. Results from ANOVA comparing the density of seeded and nonseeded perennial species, Bromus tectorum, and other annuals among aspects and sites over a 4-yr survey period (2007–2010) in Elko County, Nevada, with significant P values highlighted in bold. https://scispace.com/papers/postmarsupial-development-and-growth-of-pagurapseudes-vqj9sjjuyk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-relative-intermolt-periods-for-different-growth-144gmw7d.png Fig. 12. Relative intermolt periods for different growth stages of Pagurapseudes largoensis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-growth-of-major-chela-in-eight-large-male-specimens-1uueqgo8.png Fig. 13. Growth of major chela in eight large male specimens of Pagurapseudes largoensis maintained in the laboratory through several instars. Chelar measurement is the greatest length from the carpopropodal articulation to the tip of the fixed finger. Solid circles represent molts. Diamonds represent dead specimens. Numbers referring to specimens and letters indicating specific exuviae or dead specimens (with the exception of X, discussed in the text) correspond with those in Fig. 14. Question marks indicate a possible molt, usually evidenced by a very small exoskeletal fragment found in the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-proposed-life-history-for-pagurapseudes-largoensis-3b0qp07a.png Fig. 9. Proposed life history for Pagurapseudes largoensis McSweeny. M = manca, Juv = juvenile, P9i = incomplete preparatory female, PQ = preparatory female, CQ = copulatory female. Each solid arrow with a solid circle represents a single molt. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-increase-in-length-through-first-three-55undbo5.png Table 1. Percentage increase in length through first three instars in Pagurapseudes largoensis determined from the equation [(L2 - L,)/L, 100%] where L, and L2 are body lengths in mm of successive exuviae. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-minimum-and-maximum-intermolt-periods-recorded-for-24hsq7y0.png Table 2. Minimum and maximum intermolt periods recorded for Heterotanais oerstedii (Kr0yer) reared in the laboratory at 22-23.5?C. Dashes indicate molts. Data from Biickle-Ramirez (1965: 756, Table 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-variations-in-the-number-of-segments-and-aesthetascs-19srxavj.png Fig. 2. Variations in the number of segments and aesthetascs of antennular (Al) flagella in three mature males of Pagurapseudes largoensis. A, asymmetry and increase in number of flagellar segments and aesthetascs through one molt cycle. Right A 1 of earlier exuviae missing; B, specimen that remained unchanged through three molt cycles over 3.5 months; C, asymmetry and increase in number of flagellar segments and aesthetascs through one molt cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-number-of-specimens-of-pagurapseudes-largoensis-of-2heen8sn.png Fig. 10. Number of specimens of Pagurapseudes largoensis of all stages collected in the field from July 1977 to September 1978. Under preparatory females (Pi), black areas represent specimens lacking pleopods; hatched areas represent specimens for which presence or absence of pleopods is unknown. Under males, black areas represent isochelous specimens and hatched areas represent specimens lacking the right cheliped. Abbreviations as in Fig. 9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-pagurapseudes-largoensis-growth-variations-in-left-3meqmnpe.png Fig. 8. Pagurapseudes largoensis. Growth variations in left mandible of a large male. Top, pars incisiva (PI = distal blade of pars incisiva, LM = lacinia mobilis). Lower left, mandibular palp. Lower right, molar process. Scales: palp = 0.1 mm; pars incisiva and molar process = 0.05 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/postnatal-persistence-of-fetal-cardiovascular-remodelling-277e8bxxvw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-anthropometric-and-cardiovascular-results-at-3-years-36vf7a8j.png Table 2. Anthropometric and cardiovascular results at 3 years of age. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-and-perinatal-characteristics-of-the-study-1l8x0hze.png Table 1. Baseline and perinatal characteristics of the study populations. https://scispace.com/papers/postprandial-changes-of-amino-acid-and-acylcarnitine-bzsqx3zafn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-individual-variation-of-amino-acids-in-the-fasted-1y5j65hd.png Table 2 Individual variation of amino acids in the fasted state (range; n=3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-acylcarnitines-and-amino-acids-measured-from-t0ruv0nj.png Table 1 List of acylcarnitines and amino acids measured from dried blood spots (DBS) https://scispace.com/papers/postoperative-efficacy-predictability-safety-and-visual-1qh1goyzox 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-selection-process-11dyd95n.png Figure 1: Study selection process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-network-of-direct-comparisons-for-corneal-surface-1nfye1f8.png Figure 2: Network of direct comparisons for corneal surface ablation surgeries for myopia. Each node represents 1 treatment. The size of the node is proportional to the number of participants randomized to that treatment. The edges represent direct comparisons, and the width of the edge is proportional to the number of trials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-summary-comparison-for-post-operative-pain-scores-1vqzk6rg.png Figure 5: Summary comparison for post-operative pain scores and epithelial healing time of all treatments derived from the network meta-analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-post-operative-efficacy-predictability-and-safety-3joedrzb.png Table 2 Post-operative efficacy, predictability and safety from direct comparisons between each pair of treatments https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-names-of-treatment-included-in-network-meta-analyses-4ghseobf.png Table 1 Names of treatment included in network meta-analyses https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-post-operative-haze-from-direct-comparisons-between-3ev4y051.png Table 3 Post-operative haze from direct comparisons between each pair of treatments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-summary-comparisons-for-postoperative-haze-of-all-2n9e6lem.png Figure 4: Summary comparisons for postoperative haze of all treatments derived from the network meta-analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-post-operative-pain-scores-and-epithelial-healing-3e3os0vi.png Table 4 Post-operative pain scores and epithelial healing time from direct comparisons between each pair of treatments https://scispace.com/papers/postpubertal-decrease-in-hippocampal-dendritic-spines-of-1mvd8t8qle 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effects-of-estradiol-e2-or-vehicle-veh-on-spinophilin-2scbmxxo.png Fig. 5. Effects of estradiol (E2) or vehicle (VEH) on spinophilin-immunoreactive puncta numbers (×109) in hippocampal CA1sr of 49 day-old female rats that were OVX prepubertally at P22, given a Silastic capsule containing E2 or VEH pubertally at P35, and euthanized at P49. No difference in spinophilin puncta numbers was detected by stereologic analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-the-volumes-mm3-of-the-hippocampal-ca1sr-146rrcxu.png Fig. 6. Comparison of the volumes (μm3) of the hippocampal CA1sr in P49 rats that were OVX+E2 or OVX+VEH treated as described in Fig. 5. No differences in CA1sr volume were detected. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-serum-estradiol-concentrations-and-body-weight-in-pevw2xgf.png Table 1 Serum estradiol concentrations and body weight in developing intact female Sprague–Dawley rats ( Experiment 2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-the-volumes-mm3-of-the-hippocampal-ca1sr-cf7txkw1.png Fig. 4. Comparison of the volumes (μm3) of the hippocampal CA1sr of prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal groups. Overall a significant age-related increase in CA1sr volume was determined (pb0.05). Prepubertal female rats had a significantly smaller CA1sr volume (20%) than pubertal rats. ⁎, pb0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-the-total-spinophilin-immunoreactive-2cc6jq7h.png Fig. 3. Comparison of the total spinophilin-immunoreactive puncta numbers (×109) in hippocampal CA1sr of prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal rats. A significant age-related decrease (46%) was detected (pb0.05). Although there was no statistical difference between the prepubertal and pubertal groups, postpubertal rats had significantly lower puncta numbers than rats in the two younger ages. ⁎, pb0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-light-micrographs-of-spinophilin-labeled-puncta-in-3sxqcy6c.png Fig. 2. Light micrographs of spinophilin-labeled puncta in hippocampal CA1sr of intact female rats. Panel A is a low-power photomicrograph of spinophilin immunoreactivity in a representative P35 rat. The black rectangular box represents the CA1 region of the hippocampus, where analyses were performed. High-power (digitally cropped and enlarged for demonstration of spinophilin-immunoreactive puncta) photomicrographs are shown in panels B–D for a representative prepubertal (P22), pubertal (P35), and postpubertal (P49) rat, respectively. Scale bars: A=900 μm, D=15 μm. https://scispace.com/papers/posttraumatic-stress-disorder-in-patients-with-heavy-alcohol-4sfktinvhe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-selected-characteristics-and-outcomes-in-alcoholic-29tqvwco.png Table 3: Selected Characteristics and Outcomes in Alcoholic Hepatitis Patients with & without PTSD https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-characteristics-and-outcomes-of-heavy-30o9badi.png Table 1: Selected Characteristics and Outcomes of Heavy Drinking Individuals with and without Hepatitis https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-characteristics-and-outcomes-in-heavy-3rox8lje.png Table 2: Selected Characteristics and Outcomes in Heavy Drinking Individuals with and without PTSD https://scispace.com/papers/postrelapse-survival-in-osteosarcoma-of-the-extremities-5c5qkr5dtb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pattern-of-relapse-and-use-of-second-line-1iwijce9.png Table 2. Pattern of Relapse and Use of Second-Line Chemotherapy Treatment in 114 Patients in Surgical Complete Remission https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-characteristics-and-pattern-of-first-relapse-2rt1j4h7.png Table 1. Patient Characteristics and Pattern of First Relapse https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-postrelapse-survival-by-relapse-free-interval-rfi-and-2udkbjbi.png Fig 1. Postrelapse survival by relapse-free interval (RFI) and number of pulmonary metastases (PM) in patients with complete surgery; A 42 patients, RFI more than 24 months, 1 to 2 PM; B 22 patients, RFI less than 24 months; 1 to 2 PM; C 9 patients, RFI more than 24 months; > 3 PM; and D 20 patients, RFI less than 24 months; > 3 PM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-probability-of-postrelapse-survival-and-95-pzv5ybcv.png Table 3. Probability of Postrelapse Survival and 95% Confidence Intervals in 114 Patients With Complete Surgical Remission https://scispace.com/papers/posture-assessment-and-subjective-scale-agreement-in-picking-pjgepz3a03 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pca-coefficients-for-different-assumptions-and-the-18seviki.png Table 1: PCA coefficients for different assumptions and the (%) of total variance for the first three components. https://scispace.com/papers/potassium-concentration-alters-calibration-sensitivities-of-1k35l1njva 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-representative-cyclic-voltammograms-in-different-k-2fztzmzq.png Figure 3. Representative cyclic voltammograms in different K+ compositions in Tris buffer. Showing similar changes to those observed during amperometric measurements. Responses obtained in 100 µM DA, where scan rates were 50 mV s-1. https://scispace.com/papers/postzygotic-isolation-drives-genomic-speciation-between-4cp2egam0d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-analyses-of-population-structure-and-admixture-in-zhnqamis.png Figure 3. Analyses of population structure and admixture in 146 individuals of Hypocnemis ochrogyna (blue) and H. striata (red). The contact zone center between the geographic ranges of H. ochrogyna (pale blue) and H. striata (pale red) was estimated using kriging of the admixture proportions of individuals. Pie charts in A (with size of pie proportional to the number of individuals from the locality) and bar charts in B to E show admixture proportions. Genetically admixed individuals occur at Fazenda Pium and Fazenda Jarina. Admixture proportions in C and D are ordered based on their distance from the hybrid zone center, with coloured horizontal bars in D showing the H. ochrogyna and H. striata sides of the contact zone. Two H. ochrogyna samples from the state of Rondonia to the west are off the map and not shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-analyses-of-geographic-clines-for-snps-with-a-p-j1ik12p1.png Figure 5. Analyses of geographic clines for SNPs with (A) P greater than 0.5 and (B) P greater than 0.8 (see text for details). Loci with widths greater (green) or narrower (pink) than expected or with cline centers significantly shifted toward H. ochrogyna (red) or H. striata (blue) are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-analyses-of-linkage-disequilibrium-d-observed-1i1k28si.png Figure 4. Analyses of linkage disequilibrium (D’), observed heterozygosity (Ho), and hybrid index (HI). (A) Shows interchromosomal D’ for 1079 SNPs fixed in parental populations for 68 individuals from hybrid zone populations. (B) Shows a triangle plot of hybrid index and observed heterozygosity calculated for the same dataset for hybrid zone populations at Pium (purple) and Jarina (green). (C to G) Illustrate example simulations of D’ (top row) and observed heterozygosity and hybrid index (bottom row) for varying levels of immigration of parental into hybrid zone populations and of assortative mating or postzygotic selection against hybrids. Panel C follows a single simulation of 68 individuals for 1000 generations. Plots of D’ in D to F show density curves (y-axis tick marks represent a density increase of 1.0) for 15 different simulations. Triangle plots in D to F are based on 100 simulated datasets, each with 68 individuals (prior to selection steps at each generation) and 1079 SNPs. An assortative mating value of 0.7 indicates a female will reject 70% of prospective heterospecific mates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-sonograms-of-male-song-and-call-and-1oliks8c.png Figure 1. Examples of sonograms of male song and call and photos of (A) Hypocnemis striata striata (photo: specimen PPS 146, 9.940°S, 54.342°W; song from www.xeno-canto.org: XC89567, -9.598°S, 55.931°W; call from our recording: 10.513°S, 54.409°W) and (B) H. ochrogyna (photo: specimen MSF 167, 13.126°S, 54.429°W; song from our recording: 12.531°S, 54.348°W; call from xeno-canto: XC171010: 13.817°S, 59.661°W). Sonograms have been edited to exclude background vocalizations of other birds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sampling-localities-and-principal-coordinate-22s5fdhj.png Figure 2. Sampling localities and principal coordinate analyses of 20,440 SNPs forHypocnemis striata andH. ochrogyna and their hybrids. (A) Principal coordinate analysis including all H. ochrogyna and H. striata specimens sampled with the proportion of variance explained shown for plotted axes. (B) Distribution of H. ochrogyna and H. striata population samples from south-eastern Amazonia sequenced in this study. Two samples of H. ochrogyna from Rondonia state were also included but are not shown on the map (see Supporting information Table S1 for locality information). https://scispace.com/papers/potential-application-of-hot-rehydration-alone-or-in-l4ewh51etk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-rehydration-curves-of-sun-dried-figs-at-different-2art6cjs.png Figure 5—Rehydration curves of sun-dried figs at different temperatures (the percent initial moisture contents were 15.4% ± 0.2% for figs rehydreted at 30 and 80 °C and 16.1% ± 0.07% for figs rehydrated at 70 and 90 °C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-heat-penetration-curves-of-sun-dried-figs-during-2pa3no2d.png Figure 6—Heat penetration curves of sun-dried figs during rehydration at different temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-photographs-of-intermediate-moisture-im-figs-after-s1smr0c3.png Figure 7—Photographs of intermediate-moisture (IM) figs after 40 d of cold storage. (a) IM sun-dried figs rehydrated for 65 min in water at 30 °C; (b) IM sun-dried figs rehydrated for 16 min in water at 80 °C; (c) IM sun-dried figs rehydrated for 16 min in 2.5% H2O2 at 80 °C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-temperature-profiles-of-crude-pectin-methylesterase-2abysk2l.png Figure 1—Temperature profiles of crude pectin methylesterase from 3 mo of cold-stored, softened intermediate-moisture sun-dried figs and fresh figs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-heat-inactivation-curves-of-partially-purified-djwssqi6.png Figure 2—Heat inactivation curves of partially purified pectin methylesterase from sun-dried figs https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-heat-inactivation-parameters-of-partially-purified-3i0scpig.png Table 2—Heat inactivation parameters of partially purified pectin methylesterase (PME) from fresh and sun-dried figs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-residual-activities-of-ionically-bound-and-soluble-396af9en.png Figure 4—Residual activities of ionically bound and soluble pectin methylesterase (PME) and covalently bound PME in intermediate-moisture sun-dried figs rehydrated at different temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-heat-inactivation-curves-of-partially-purified-1gqhaidk.png Figure 3—Heat inactivation curves of partially purified pectin methylesterase from fresh figs https://scispace.com/papers/potamon-bhumibol-n-sp-a-new-giant-freshwater-crab-from-2euxq7wcf4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-potamon-bhumibol-new-species-a-e-holotypemale-a-1w2fyyla.png Fig. 1. Potamon bhumibol new species, A-E, holotypemale. A, carapace in dorsal view; B, thorax in frontal view; C, abdomen; D, rst gonopod: E, second gonopod. F, rst gonopod of paratype taken in the same locality as the holotype, on 19 May 1999. https://scispace.com/papers/potential-benefits-and-risks-of-increased-aid-flows-to-4y5yf2da02 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-burundi-selected-economic-indicators-12t63ykd.png Table A-1: Burundi – selected economic indicators https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gross-and-net-aid-inflows-2001-2008-usd-million-2xac8poe.png Figure 3: Gross and net aid inflows, 2001-2008 (USD million, current prices) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-net-aid-inflows-1993-2008-usd-million-current-2u0911r4.png Figure 2: Net aid inflows, 1993-2008 (USD million, current prices and percent of GDP) https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-composition-of-non-aid-current-account-deficit-3ba4kc4s.png Table A-2: Composition of non-aid current account deficit, 2001-2008 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-exchange-rate-and-price-developments-2001-2008-2c4x6k9p.png Figure 4: Exchange rate and price developments, 2001-2008 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-8-allocation-of-aid-by-impact-category-gross-h530k8dv.png Table A-8: Allocation of aid by impact category (Gross disbursement, current USD) https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-7-allocation-of-aid-by-impact-category-gross-2lqbet4n.png Table A-7: Allocation of aid by impact category (Gross disbursement, current USD million), 2002-2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-6-gross-disbursement-by-sector-oecd-classification-3l8mm8g0.png Table A-6: Gross disbursement by sector (OECD classification, current USD million), 2002-2007 https://scispace.com/papers/potential-benefits-of-commissioning-california-homes-1wlhp01hth 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-8-thermal-distribution-system-efficiencies-1mssojgp.png Table A-8: Thermal Distribution System Efficiencies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-commissioning-and-opportunity-improvements-modeled-1itacbfh.png Table 2: Commissioning and Opportunity Improvements Modeled https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-6-intermittent-exhaust-fans-1yps8xr1.png Table A-6: Intermittent Exhaust Fans https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-9-thermal-distribution-system-efficiencies-comfort-z1ohgia3.png Table C-9: Thermal Distribution System Efficiencies – Comfort Call Cases https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-typical-house-prototypes-weighting-of-3lyqygnj.png Table 5: Typical House Prototypes – Weighting of Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-4-space-conditioning-related-operating-costs-comfort-3o0zoiyv.png Table C-4: Space-Conditioning-Related Operating Costs – Comfort Call Cases https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-as-found-house-conditions-poor-case-3raw0e0n.png Table 4: “As-Found” House Conditions – Poor Case https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-commissioning-related-energy-and-operating-cost-1dhe09tg.png Table C-1: Commissioning-Related Energy and Operating Cost Savings Comfort Call Cases https://scispace.com/papers/potential-drug-therapies-for-the-treatment-of-fibromyalgia-opb728acz1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pathophysiological-processes-associated-with-1mpl91n6.png Figure 1. Pathophysiological processes associated with fibromyalgia that have been identified as potential drug targets. Core symptoms of the condition are indicated in https://scispace.com/papers/potential-environmental-transmission-routes-of-sars-cov-2-4eu90wa34y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-ct-values-by-gene-target-and-moment-y9sfuxj6.png Figure 1. Distribution of Ct-values by gene target and moment of sampling (pre-shift, post-shift) detected in oro-nasopharyngeal swabs from 27 meat processing workers tested SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sars-cov-2-pcr-test-results-of-in-total-275-samples-5if5neky.png Table 2. SARS-CoV-2 PCR test results of in total 275 samples taken of air, surfaces, workers’ hands and sewage in a meat processing plant https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-76-meat-processing-workers-g617t3ht.png Table 1. Characteristics of 76 meat processing workers participating in naso-oropharyngeal SARS-CoV2 RNA screening performed on June 15th 2020 https://scispace.com/papers/potential-feedback-control-for-the-power-control-in-lte-2z6xnivlnx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-bler-versus-the-sinr-db-for-a-different-modulation-t6ney4yt.png Fig. 2. The BLER versus the SINR (dB) for a different modulation types and rates r [21] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-execution-time-for-a-simulated-time-period-of-the-3ivyudfn.png Fig. 4. Execution time for a simulated time period of the system of 10s https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-sinr-with-a-velocity-of-5km-h-1-b-c-sinr-with-a-2d0rgz5i.png Fig. 3. (a) SINR with a velocity of 5km.h−1; (b) (c) SINR with a velocity of 260km.h−1 with and without Artstein transform https://scispace.com/papers/potential-for-personalization-47tmxyak9p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-gain-based-on-explicit-ratings-for-trec-web-2v45hkui.png Fig. 2. Average gain based on explicit ratings for TREC Web track results as a function of rank. As in Figure 1, many relevant results are ranked below the top ten. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-gain-for-both-implicit-and-explicit-ratings-2lnm2539.png Figure 3. Average gain for both implicit and explicit ratings for Web search engine results as a function of rank. Explicit relevance judgments (solid line) are compared with content-based (dashed line) and behaviorbased (dotted line) implicit judgments. While the behavior-based judgments depend highly on rank, the content-based judgments do not. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-this-paper-explores-three-types-of-relevance-o6f9w2r6.png Table I. This paper explores three types of relevance measures: explicit https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-behavior-based-explicit-potential-for-personalization-2ym4uqt5.png Fig. 6. Behavior-based explicit potential for personalization curves for (a) the three overlapping queries where at least six people evaluated and (b) for the 14 overlapping content-based queries. The exact values of the curves are different from what was seen in Figure 5 because individual queries vary, but the general patterns remain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-potential-for-personalization-curves-according-to-1kvz2njd.png Fig. 5. The potential for personalization curves according to the three different measures of relevance. Explicit relevance judgments for the 17 unique queries that at least six people evaluated are compared with 24 queries for which there are at least six content-based implicit judgments and the 44,002 behavior-based queries for which there are behavior-based implicit judgments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-in-addition-to-generating-their-own-queries-g9h9izvo.png Table II. In addition to generating their own queries, participants were encouraged to select queries to evaluate from one of two lists of pre-generated queries. The two lists of pre-generated queries are shown here, along with the number of participants who explicitly evaluated the results for each query. Four of the queries in List I were evaluated by fewer than six people and are thus excluded from analysis of groups of at least six. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-screenshot-of-the-personalized-search-prototype-xougtb2t.png Fig. 10. Screenshot of the personalized search prototype. Personalized results are shown above the general Web search results in a region labeled My Search. The title and URLs of the three best-matching personalize results are shown. Icons are used to indicate whether the results are personalized and previously revisited. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-normalized-dcg-for-the-combined-personalized-search-228368hu.png Fig. 9. Normalized DCG for the combined personalized search algorithm as a function of how different https://scispace.com/papers/potential-identification-and-industrial-evaluation-of-an-1nesqa8afz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-approach-for-da-potential-identification-and-304vfakf.png Figure 2. Approach for DA potential identification and assessment prior to implementation (Block A) and for posterior DA success validation (Block B) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sub-figure-a-shows-the-integrated-automation-2zgmq3yl.png Figure 5. Sub-figure (a) shows the integrated automation workflow of ascent assembly design, (b) the abstract representation and generated ascent assembly of the expert solution using the workflow and (c) an optimized solution with angle restrictions of 08, 458 and 908 and the generated ascent assembly (only larger component of the CAD-model is shown) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-a-an-offshore-crane-and-b-a-gantry-of-a-1itvuql6.png Figure 1. Examples of (a) an offshore crane and (b) a gantry of a mobile harbor crane with ascent assemblies highlighted in red https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-top-table-overall-workflow-evaluation-separately-for-30vfim63.png Table I. Top table: overall workflow evaluation, separately for the original (“orig.”) and adaptive (“adapt.”) design tasks including average ratings (“Av.”). Bottom table: General evaluation of acceptance and important aspects for design automation and optimization applications. Scale: – 2 (absolutely no), –1 (rather no), 0 (neutral),þ1 (rather yes),þ2 (absolutely yes) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-a-gantry-of-a-mobile-harbor-crane-b-3d-3dv604a2.png Figure 4. (a) A gantry of a mobile harbor crane; (b) 3D representation of the gantry by stacking two cuboids on top of each other https://scispace.com/papers/potential-growth-of-the-spanish-economy-2770g97n1d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gives-estimates-of-potential-growth-and-the-3gcjgjaa.png Table 1 gives estimates of potential growth and the contributions of its main compo- https://scispace.com/papers/potential-improvement-of-building-information-modeling-bim-1xk69fe2o3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-positive-effects-of-bim-implementation-24mehrvg.png Table 3. Positive effects of BIM Implementation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-barriers-and-challenges-of-bim-implementation-2g9yh6s8.png Table 4. Barriers and Challenges of BIM Implementation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-respondents-background-2kpebrh3.png Table 1. Respondent’s Background. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-understanding-on-bim-2z5etsmr.png Table 2. Understanding on BIM. https://scispace.com/papers/potential-in-improving-nutritional-security-through-qlbkjtk4af 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-major-sources-of-protein-in-indian-food-ajcsix0x.png Figure 1. Major sources of protein in Indian food https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-contributions-of-various-sources-of-non-vegetarian-1sz49tlx.png Table 4. Contributions of various sources of non-vegetarian protein in different regions of India https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-regional-share-of-consumption-and-total-fish-joeq49xy.png Figure 3. The regional share of consumption and total fish production in India: 2011-12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-fish-production-and-sufficiency-at-regional-level-1z04aom5.png Table 5. Fish production and sufficiency at regional level: 2011-12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-aquaculture-resources-productivity-and-potential-1thckqvi.png Table 6. Aquaculture resources, productivity and potential: 2013-14 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-preference-of-fish-consumption-across-regions-in-18qraw5u.png Table 1. Preference of fish consumption across regions in India https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-consumption-of-fish-across-regions-in-india-9zbc2jk4.png Table 2. Consumption of fish across regions in India https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-yield-gap-and-potential-of-additional-fish-1fep3o1m.png Figure 4. Yield gap and potential of additional fish production from aquaculture in India https://scispace.com/papers/potential-of-biosimilars-to-increase-access-to-biologics-4t8p64mghl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-regulatory-process-for-biosimilars-pd-37cj5hjx.png Figure 3. Regulatory process for biosimilars. PD = pharmacodynamics; PK = pharmacokinetics. Information from European Medicines Agency (2014); US Food and Drug Administration (2015b); World Health Organization (2009). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-glossary-of-terms-and-key-points-2akw86op.png Table 3. Glossary of Terms and Key Points https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summary-of-the-major-differences-between-2w1ot1q9.png Figure 1. Summary of the major differences between biosimilars and generics in terms of fundamental properties, development, and regulation. PTM = posttranslational modification. Information from Berkowitz et al. (2012); Crommelin et al. (2005); Daller (2016); Dombrowski (2013); Kuhlmann & Covic (2006); Schellekens (2009). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proposed-biosimilar-products-in-development-for-1i22xp2u.png Table 2. Proposed Biosimilar Products in Development for Oncology With Registered Comparative Clinical Trials https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-development-process-for-biosimilars-information-1g1pix81.png Figure 2. Development process for biosimilars. Information from Berkowitz et al. (2012); Crommelin et al. (2005); Daller (2016); Dombrowski (2013); Kuhlmann & Covic (2006). https://scispace.com/papers/potential-of-casiopeinas-copper-complexes-and-1u9k3hybr2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-susceptibility-and-mic-for-inh-rif-emb-and-31qvauol.png Table 1. Susceptibility and MIC for INH, RIF, EMB and Casiopeínas® (CasIIIia, CasIIIEa, and CasIIgly), determined by the resazurin microtiter assay, for the M. tuberculosis H37Rv reference strain and susceptible and resistant clinical isolates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-macrophage-viability-after-exposure-to-different-1p4hfmuo.png Fig. 1. Macrophage viability after exposure to different concentrations of CasIIIia ( a ), CasIIIEa ( b ) and CasIIgly ( c ). Determinations were made every 12 h, up to 60 h. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fici-of-casiopeinas-r-casiiiia-casiiiea-and-casiigly-19vxyaw8.png Table 2. FICI of Casiopeínas® (CasIIIia, CasIIIEa, and CasIIgly) with INH, RIF and EMB against the M. tuberculosis H37Rv reference strain and clinical isolates https://scispace.com/papers/potential-of-computer-aided-diagnosis-to-improve-ct-lung-3yrw4zu9q2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-from-ct-lung-data-to-lung-cancer-diagnosis-top-ct-lung-1urrwy6v.png Fig. 1. From CT lung data to lung cancer diagnosis. (Top) CT lung dataset from the LIDC database with several hundred slices. (Middle) True positive nodules with different characteristics (solid, spiculated, and low contrast) surrounded in red. (Bottom) False positive nodules surrounded in yellow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lung-nodules-and-inter-reader-variability-axial-slices-xbdg4pue.png Fig. 2. Lung nodules and inter-reader variability. Axial slices of four different nodules (rows 1–4). Nodule regions of interest have been zoomed up for improved visualization. The columns denote the different lung nodule outlines provided by four different experts (columns 1–4). Columns 2 and 3 show examples of expert variability in providing lung nodule boundary outlines. Rows 1–3 show more central nodules, whereas row 4 shows an example of subpleural nodules. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-cad-algorithms-btl-bronchial-tree-1n7sfj13.png TABLE I SUMMARY OF CAD ALGORITHMS. (BTL BRONCHIAL TREE LABELING, IL INTERSTITIAL LESIONS, TD TISSUE DISCRIMINATION, ND NODULE DETECTION, NC NODULE CLASSIFICATION, RA RADIOLOGIST ASSIST, RAC RADIOLOGIST ASSIST COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE, SE SENSITIVITY, SP SPECIFICITY) https://scispace.com/papers/potential-of-raman-spectroscopy-for-the-analysis-of-plasma-g6z0ujrl86 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-lod-of-glucose-44-urea-69-busulfan-101-methotrexate-23g6z880.png Figure 4. LOD of glucose (44), urea (69), busulfan (101), methotrexate (101), cholesterol, and vitamin B12 calculated from the PLSR prediction plot of these analytes, compared to the ‘maximum Raman intensity of maximum peak per unit acquisition time, per unit concentration’. The methodology used for calculating LOD was previously published (101) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-pca-scatter-plot-of-raman-data-of-the-filtrate-1hxnprvc.png Figure 3. (A) PCA scatter plot of Raman data of the filtrate obtained after ultrafiltration of patient serum without scaling the analyte (glucose) spectra from the previously published study by Parachalil et. al [44] and (B) after scaling the analyte spectra to the water content. Figure 3B displays less scatter when compared to Figure 3A, indicating less variability among the spectra https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-early-disease-diagnosis-prognosis-and-treatment-is-20veufsz.png Figure 1. Early disease diagnosis, prognosis and treatment is possible with real-time analysis of patient serum using the inverted Raman spectral analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lod-of-glucose-44-busulfan-101-methotrexate-101-2lo1jim7.png Table 1: LOD of glucose [44], busulfan [101], methotrexate [101], cholesterol, urea [69] and vitamin B12 calculated from the PLSR prediction plot of these analytes, compared to the maximum Raman intensity of maximum peak per unit acquisition time, per unit concentration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-thin-glass-bottomed-lab-tek-plate-combined-with-1sodyp6z.png Figure 2. Thin glass bottomed Lab-Tek plate combined with inverted Raman analysis can collect spectral data from very low amount of samples (1µL) making it an ideal tool for clinical laboratory analysis. Spectra can be recorded in less than 1 minute. https://scispace.com/papers/potential-of-refrigerated-marine-cyanobacterium-44uzyq6sh9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-values-and-standard-deviation-of-percentages-of-1t7qyyw7.png Table 2. Mean values and standard deviation of percentages of proximate composition from fresh (week 0) and refrigerated (1-8 weeks) Synechococcus elongatus. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentage-of-fatty-acids-from-dry-weight-of-fresh-2tvc1xpu.png Table 3. Percentage of fatty acids (from dry weight) of fresh Synechococcus elongatus and after 8 weeks of refrigerated storage and Chaetoceros muelleri (fresh culture used as a control without refrigeration). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-values-and-standard-deviation-of-growth-rate-zwen0kf4.png Table 1. Mean values and standard deviation of growth rate and cell size of cultures started from fresh (week 0) and refrigerated (1-8 weeks) inoculum of Synechococcus elongatus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-abundance-of-cultures-started-from-fresh-week-0-3b84iez1.png Figure 1. The abundance of cultures started from fresh (week 0) and refrigerated (1 to 8 weeks) inoculum of Synechococcus elongatus. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-values-and-standard-deviation-of-proximal-36w5d499.png Table 4. Mean values and standard deviation of proximal composition (percentage of dry weight) of Synechococcus elongatus after 8 weeks of refrigerated storage, Chaetoceros muelleri (fresh culture used as control without refrigeration) (A), and Artemia franciscana adults fed S. elongatus after 8 weeks of refrigerated storage and C. muelleri (fresh culture used as control without refrigeration) (B). Equal letters indicate lack of significant differences by one-way ANOVA and Tukey a posteriori test α = 0.05: a > b. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-values-and-standard-deviation-of-total-length-303vbes8.png Table 5. Mean values and standard deviation of total length, dry weight, and survival of different stages of Artemia franciscana fed Synechococcus elongatus after 8 weeks of refrigerated storage and Chaetoceros muelleri (fresh culture used as a control without refrigeration). Equal letters indicate lack of significant differences by one-way ANOVA and Tukey a posteriori test α = 0.05: a>b. NE: sample not measured. https://scispace.com/papers/potential-of-structural-thermal-mass-for-demand-side-2bw1f8hcee 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-load-duration-curves-for-the-different-insulation-3v473fge.png Fig. 13. Load duration curves for the different insulation qualities (K20-K60) and control strategies during peak demand periods (Pdom,net > Pmax) (left) and peak supply periods (Pdom,net < Pmin) (right) for the floor heating system use. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-demand-cover-factor-gd-left-and-supply-cover-factor-gs-10ik7lc1.png Fig. 7. Demand cover factor (gd) (left) and supply cover factor (gs) (right) of the heat pump system with the reference control for floor heating for the K40-building. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-demand-cover-factor-gd-of-the-heat-pump-system-with-1i3e2vgq.png Fig. 11. Demand cover factor (gd) of the heat pump system with the non-predictive control strategy for the massive K40-building equipped with the radiator heating systems (left) and the floor heating system (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-floor-plan-of-the-ground-floor-left-and-first-floor-1sisi317.png Fig. 1. Floor plan of the ground floor (left) and first floor (right) of the detached building. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-annual-heat-pump-electricity-use-left-and-self-33zcm6ak.png Fig. 9. Annual heat pump electricity use (left) and self-consumed PV production (right) for the different control strategies and building types. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-averaged-daily-profile-of-the-domestic-electricity-1639ljbs.png Fig. 3. Averaged daily profile of the domestic electricity demand and the confidence band for one standard deviation (s). https://scispace.com/papers/potential-output-in-theory-and-practice-a-revision-and-3wp8n0xxt0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-armax-model-with-asymmetries-depending-on-the-level-17a7lt28.png Table 3. ARMAX model with asymmetries depending on the level of unemployment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-potential-output-updated-okun-method-uom-target-8tkcyb9g.png Figure 4 Potential output (updated Okun method, UOM). Target unemployment = 3.4 percent https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-armax-model-1x3gpdtc.png Table 1. ARMAX model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-alternative-measures-of-the-output-gaps-2noimi42.png Figure 5 Alternative measures of the output gaps https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simulated-high-demand-potential-path-hdpp-compared-3045jkxh.png Figure 6 Simulated high-demand potential path (HDPP) compared to Updated-Okun-method (UOM) potential output. Target: 𝑢∗ = 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-simulated-high-demand-potential-path-hdpp-compared-2ecr44d4.png Figure 7 Simulated high-demand potential path (HDPP) compared to Updated-Okun-method (UOM) potential output. Target: 𝑢∗ = 3.4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-potential-output-updated-okun-method-uom-target-3vu13k9j.png Figure 3 Potential output (updated Okun method, UOM). Target unemployment = 4 percent https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-potential-gap-ecdq7cua.png Figure 8 Potential gap https://scispace.com/papers/potential-of-weathered-blast-furnace-slag-for-use-as-an-jh9ciuhkom 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-porosity-of-mortars-made-from-the-slags-investigated-1x3gtrrr.png Table 5. Porosity of mortars made from the slags investigated https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scanning-electron-microscopy-image-of-granules-of-a-1yo5r2mi.png Figure 1. Scanning electron microscopy image of granules of (a) fresh blast furnace slag ×120 and (b) weathered blast furnace slag ×85 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-portland-cement-cem-i-used-in-323tgbg9.png Table 1. Characteristics of the Portland cement (CEM I) used in the study (Data from Supplier) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-powder-x-ray-diffraction-traces-from-the-fresh-and-3av4r11u.png Figure 5. Powder X-ray diffraction traces from the fresh and weathered slags https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-slag-samples-after-grinding-a-fresh-slag-b-1hngb2bk.png Figure 4. The slag samples after grinding (a) fresh slag, (b) weathered slag 1 and (c) weathered slag 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chemical-composition-of-the-fresh-and-weathered-3kddxgb4.png Table 2. Chemical composition of the fresh and weathered slags used in the study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-strength-development-of-the-mortars-1xtv6ggk.png Figure 9. Strength development of the mortars https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-tg-traces-from-the-28-day-paste-specimens-367udp8a.png Figure 8. TG traces from the 28-day paste specimens https://scispace.com/papers/potential-refrigerants-for-power-electronics-cooling-2a4qsvollh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-refrigerant-gwp-1hozf6d3.png Fig. 2. Refrigerant GWP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-physical-properties-942lbve2.png Table 3. Physical properties https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-latent-heat-excluding-water-3s1xn6gt.png Fig. 4. Latent heat excluding water. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-latent-heat-1hpsejh9.png Fig. 3. Latent heat. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-refrigerants-1lc1daj3.png Table 1. List of refrigerants https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dielectric-strength-table-hcjvunuh.png Table 4. Dielectric strength table https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-environmental-ignitability-and-health-data-1hi0sc4a.png Table 2. Environmental, ignitability, and health data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pes-submerged-in-a-simple-refrigerant-cooling-system-2dxf5jn8.png Fig. 1. PEs submerged in a simple refrigerant cooling system. https://scispace.com/papers/potential-role-of-mercury-pollutants-in-the-success-of-kmgrhwas1b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bacterial-strains-with-hgcl2-mics-hgcl2-minimum-1nqf2q04.png Table 1. Bacterial strains with HgCl2 MICs. HgCl2 minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) 158 determined by microdilution method for each strain identified in column 1 and including major 159 discrimination determinants for each sublineages in column 2. 160 https://scispace.com/papers/potential-risks-of-antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-and-genes-4bc9pgcmw4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-risk-and-pathway-for-arb-and-args-during-1uo881gh.png Figure. 2. Risk and pathway for ARB and ARGs during bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-arb-and-args-found-in-hydrocarbon-1kg5eveb.png Table 1. List of ARB and ARGs found in hydrocarbon contaminated soils & sediments https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-occurrence-of-args-in-most-important-hydrocarbon-36035aza.png Table 2. Occurrence of ARGs in most important hydrocarbon-degrading Actinobacteria genera https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-increased-number-of-research-articles-concerned-2fdfobgs.png Figure 1. An increased number of research articles concerned to bioremediation and antibiotic resistance (according to http://www.scopus.com). Queries: Title/Abstract/Keywords. Non-relevant papers were removed from the query results. https://scispace.com/papers/potential-sources-of-carcinogenic-heterocyclic-amines-in-23gehk8j8b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-quantitation-of-has-ng-g-extract-in-five-mutton-2xoxbfbl.png Table 2 Quantitation of HAs (ng/g extract) in five mutton shashliks bought in market using UPLC–ESI-MS/MS method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-amount-of-haas-in-roasted-mutton-influenced-by-2sl8nyol.png Fig. 2. The amount of HAAs in roasted mutton influenced by cooking area of heating surface. https://scispace.com/papers/potentially-modifiable-risk-factors-in-the-development-of-3lb1x1cyyt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-studies-investigating-potential-risk-3ex3tyu2.png Table 1: Summary of Studies Investigating Potential Risk Factors for Alzheimer’s Disease https://scispace.com/papers/potentially-repurposable-drugs-for-covid-19-identified-from-28hudxb9ih 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1efryszv.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/potentials-to-mitigate-greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-swiss-15peynzynz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-2-click-here-to-download-figure-figureb2-pdf-2ojocy62.png Figure B.2 Click here to download Figure: FigureB2.pdf https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-management-factors-and-levels-studied-2fs08065.png Table 2 Description of management factors and levels studied in long-term field experiments (LTEs) in Switzerland. FYM refers to farm yard manure. LU refers to livestock unit. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-standard-deviation-measured-and-modeled-crop-2gy4nbke.png Table 3 Mean (± standard deviation) measured and modeled crop productivity by crop across all treatments, years and sites, and error associated with model predictions. N, RMSE, rRMSE, r 2 and WI refer to the number of observations, root mean squared error, relative root mean squared error, coefficient of determination and Willmott’s index calculated for each simulated crop across all treatments, years and sites. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-relative-and-absolute-kg-co2eq-ha-1-or-kg-co2eq-kg-1-d2immpnw.png Table 6 Relative (%) and absolute (kg CO2eq ha -1 or kg CO2eq kg -1 ) changes in annual soil GHG emissions in response to studied soil management combinations compared with the baseline treatment in four long-term experiments (LTEs). GHGI refers to GHG intensity. The baseline represented by the treatment with the highest soil GHG emissions on an area basis at each LTE site is denoted by underlining. Mean differences (± standard error) relative to the baseline were calculated as differences of least squares means by linear mixed effects models in SAS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-greenhouse-ghg-emissions-changes-in-soil-organic-c-9sqs8v15.png Table 5 Greenhouse (GHG) emissions, changes in soil organic C (SOC) content, total N and C inputs and yield calculated for the main treatments at four long-term experimental (LTE) sites over 30 years. Standard errors (SE) were computed by linear mixed effects models in SAS. Positive change in SOC indicates SOC sequestration, while a negative change indicates a decrease in SOC. Positive values of soil CH4 oxidation refer to CH4 uptake. Positive values for net soil GHG emissions (NSGHGE) denote net GHG source, while negative values denote a net sink for GHG emissions. GHGI refers to GHG intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-soil-and-climate-characteristics-of-swiss-long-term-6i6dbbi7.png Table 1 Soil and climate characteristics of Swiss long-term field experimental (LTE) sites. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-analysis-of-variance-for-the-effects-of-management-392zk4ib.png Table 4 Analysis of variance for the effects of management practices and their interactions on soil greenhouse gas emissions and yield at each long-term experimental (LTE) site. NSGHGE refers to net soil GHG emissions. For DOK, two independent analyses were conducted: a) we excluded unfertilized (N) and mineral (M2) treatments in order to include the level of fertilization as a fixed factor in the model statement; b) treatments at 50% fertilization (i.e., K1 and O1) were excluded, in order to compare all farming systems at their typical fertilization levels. https://scispace.com/papers/pou6f2-positive-retinal-ganglion-cells-a-novel-group-of-on-urridw4nk7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-co-staining-of-rgc-markers-with-pou6f2-3k47gm0s.png Table 2. Co-staining of RGC markers with POU6F2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-strain-differences-in-pou6f2-positive-rgcs-rgcs-1bu28kzh.png Figure 3: Strain differences in POU6F2 positive RGCs. RGCs were stained for POU6F2 (Green) and RBPMS (Red) in retinal flat mounts in 3 different strains of mice: C57BL/6J (A-C), DBA/2J (D-F) and BALB/c (G-I). Notice that the number of POU6F2 positive cells are approximately equal in the C57BL/6J (A-C), DBA/2J (D-F) retinas; while there are significantly more in the BALB/c retina. Scale bar in I equals 100µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-selective-sensitivity-of-pou6f2-rgc-subtypes-2kqi87hd.png Figure 4. The selective sensitivity of POU6F2 RGC subtypes was demonstrated using the DBA/2J model of glaucoma. There was a 22% loss of RBPMS-labeled RGCs in aged DBA/2J mice (8 months of age, Old D2) as compared to young DBA/2J mice (2 months of age, Young D2). There was a dramatic loss (73%) of heavily labeled POU6F2-positive cells and was a mild loss (10%) of the lightly labeled POU6F2 RGCs in the Old D2 mice when compared with Young D2. When we exclude the heavily labeled POU6F2-positive cells, there is an 11% loss of the rest cells, approximately the same percentage of cell loss when compared with the lightly labeled POU6F2-positive RGCs. These data demonstrate the sensitivity of the POU6F2 RGC subtypes to glaucoma. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-retinal-flat-mounts-of-the-cdh6-creer-mice-were-2mnsja5m.png Figure 2. Retinal flat mounts of the Cdh6-CreER mice were stained for POU6F2 (A). The labeling of Cdh6 is shown in B and TO-PRO-3 nuclear labeling is shown in C. The merged image is shown in (D). RGCs are present that are labeled by POU6F2 only (Empty Arrows), and Cdh6 only (Filled Arrows). Approximately half of the Cdh6-positive cells were also positive for POU6F2 (Arrowhead, Double labeled cell). The scale bar in D equals 100µm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-antibodies-used-in-this-study-110pkdqj.png Table 1. Antibodies used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dendritic-morphology-of-heavily-labeled-pou6f2-2d04s7w7.png Figure 1. Dendritic morphology of heavily labeled POU6F2 cells (A) in retina of Thy1YFP-H mice. In the merged channel (B) the POU6F2-positive nucleus (Red) can be seen in the YFP labeled RGC (Green) marked by the arrow. Amacrine cells labeled with ChAT (Blue) mark the location of sublaminae S2 and S4(C). A 90 degree rotation of the 3D reconstruction is shown in D. Notice the distribution of labeled dendrites in the ON and OFF sublaminae showing the POU6F2 RGC is bistratified. Scale bar equals 100µm. https://scispace.com/papers/poverty-gender-and-education-in-lesotho-3j3cymq7fp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-w-eights-used-for-the-construction-o-f-quality-lj1cb5a5.png Table 1: W eights Used for the Construction o f Quality Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-characteristics-of-the-household-head-3u3slk4v.png Table 2: Selected Characteristics of the household head, Lesotho 2001 Demographic Survey https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-coefficients-and-standard-errors-in-brackets-of-the-s6nycw5y.png Table 4: Coefficients and standard errors in brackets of the relationship between constructed household wealth and selected variables, Lesotho 2001 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-presents-socio-economic-characteristics-o-f-the-2hqwz74w.png Table 3 presents socio economic characteristics o f the population and constructed quality o f housing and amenities. According to the figures in Table 3, working in South Africa is pronounced in male headed households and among males in particular. Except where females only are compared, the proportion o f individuals in male headed households who were presently working in South Africa during the survey is about twice that of individuals residing in female headed households. It is also noteworthy that the proportion presently working in South Africa is highest among household heads. It is apparent from the figures that wage or salary earners are concentrated in male headed households. Wage or salary earners as a percentage o f population aged 10 years and above is higher in male headed households except when comparing females only. Male heads are more prone to migration to South Africa as reflected in the high proportion o f male heads reported as residing outside Lesotho during the survey. https://scispace.com/papers/powder-metallurgical-synthesis-of-biodegradable-mg-o30yscubgz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-potentio-dynamic-polarisation-curves-for-the-27qpdmn9.png Fig. 3. Potentio-dynamic polarisation curves for the autoclaved ZK60 with 0-20% HA in (a) hank solution and (b) DMEM+10%FBS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-corrosion-rates-for-all-the-composites-after-2xxiq10a.png Table 3. The corrosion rates for all the composites after immersion for 72 h in DMEM + 10 vol.% FBS solution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-electrochemical-parameters-derived-from-17uh7jf7.png Table 2. Electrochemical parameters derived from potentiodynamic polarization curves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-nominal-stress-strain-curves-for-the-compression-xu7o3y9m.png Fig. 2. The nominal stress-strain curves for the compression of the as-extruded ZK60 alloy and HA containing composites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-optical-micrographs-of-the-zk60-a-and-the-composites-240i7gu6.png Fig. 1. Optical micrographs of the ZK60 (a) and the composites ZK60-7.5 (b), ZK60-10 (c) and ZK60-20 (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-samples-after-72-h-immersion-in-dmem-10-vol-fbs-from-a-8bjjz8fk.png Fig. 4. Samples after 72 h immersion in DMEM + 10 vol.% FBS. From (a) to (d): ZK60, ZK60-7.5, ZK60-10, ZK60-20. https://scispace.com/papers/poverty-living-conditions-and-infrastructure-access-a-mf1klmfnwt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-household-size-and-composition-2pdi7i4v.png Table 1. Demographics, household size, and composition https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-2-infrastructure-and-services-contd-274iczcr.png Table 15-2. Infrastructure and services (cont’d) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-education-level-across-individual-adults-o3c1ekoh.png Table 10. Education level across individual adults https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-demographics-household-size-and-composition-2x77sjlo.png Table 9. Demographics, household size, and composition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-infrastructure-polygons-for-three-cities-13fscof8.png Figure 2.3 Infrastructure polygons for three cities https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-share-of-major-expenditures-in-total-monthly-income-2xetufvb.png Table 16. Share of major expenditures in total monthly income and expenses https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-nairobi-home-electricity-coverage-insights-3v9zhntv.png Table 17. Nairobi home electricity: coverage insights https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-employment-status-across-individual-adults-24hazy4z.png Table 4. Employment status across individual adults https://scispace.com/papers/poverty-trends-since-the-transition-what-we-know-3ecd67aleo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-racial-shares-of-income-amps-1995-to-2004-u6xn4obw.png Figure 7: Racial shares of income: AMPS 1995 to 2004 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cumulative-density-functions-amps-1993-1995-and-11jg4bzs.png Figure 3: Cumulative density functions: AMPS 1993, 1995 and 2006 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-social-grants-2001-02-to-2005-06-1oqy054r.png Table 1: Social grants: 2001/02 to 2005/06 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-share-of-black-people-among-middle-and-affluent-2uli8bar.png Figure 4: Share of black people among middle and affluent class: AMPS 1993 to 2004 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-middle-and-affluent-classes-1993-to-2004-income-4kcx9ble.png Table 3: The middle and affluent classes: 1993 to 2004 (income per person above R15 000 per year) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-per-capita-income-by-race-group-1993-to-2006-from-19tee2gq.png Figure 1: Per capita income by race group (1993 to 2006) from AMPS data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cumulative-density-functions-based-on-ies2000-1ev7desm.png Figure 5: Cumulative density functions based on IES2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-government-spending-magnitudes-and-shifts-1995-to-2bwe437w.png Table 5: Government spending magnitudes and shifts: 1995 to 2000 (in constant 2000 Rand) https://scispace.com/papers/power-analysis-and-implementation-of-a-low-power-300-mhz-8-b-1psh6jzxbu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-implemented-8-b-x-8-b-heavily-1k2zu58p.png Table 2 Characteristics of the implemented 8-b × 8-b heavily pipelined multiplier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-clock-distribution-capacitances-for-a-tspc-b-twophase-123nji4f.png Fig. 4 Clock distribution capacitances for (a) TSPC, (b) twophase, and (c) two-phase with dynamic FA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pre-layout-simulation-results-336wj29m.png Table 1 Pre-layout Simulation Results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-power-disspation-for-each-multiplier-3rrzptm5.png Fig. 5 Comparison of power disspation for each multiplier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pulse-triggered-tspc-flip-flop-2t8xermn.png Fig. 3 Pulse-triggered TSPC flip-flop https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-9t-dff-b-8t-dff-c-6t-ndl-d-6t-pdl-e-5t-ndl-and-f-2581k4ka.png Fig. 2 (a) 9T-DFF, (b) 8T-DFF, (c) 6T-NDL, (d) 6T-PDL, (e) 5T-NDL, and (f) C2MOS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulation-results-q18hzw1j.png Fig. 6 Simulation results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-simplified-block-diagram-of-the-pipelined-3lpevaki.png Fig. 1 The simplified block diagram of the pipelined multiplier. https://scispace.com/papers/power-and-identity-in-immigrant-parents-involvement-in-early-3h2vov1rfb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-finger-multiplication-method-for-two-digit-numbers-3po3kc4z.png Fig. 2 Finger multiplication method for two-digit numbers (14×14) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-array-model-to-explain-the-finger-multiplication-o3hykxpb.png Fig. 3 An array model to explain the finger multiplication method (8×6) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-parent-participants-finger-multiplication-method-9x9-1wa23wuh.png Fig 1 A parent participant’s finger multiplication method (9×9) https://scispace.com/papers/power-and-delay-optimisation-in-multi-hop-wireless-networks-24xummtw59 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-example-of-state-transition-diagram-of-channel-1meh3t9p.png Fig. 2. An example of state transition diagram of channel states in a network with two nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-optimal-power-consumption-versus-queue-length-1tde2i2t.png Fig. 5. The optimal power consumption versus queue length under different β = 0.04, 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.3, 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-state-transition-diagram-of-packet-2l52ks6g.png Fig. 1. An example of state transition diagram of packet transmission in a network with two nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-improvement-of-system-performance-w-r-t-the-number-1c8h84vk.png Fig. 3. The improvement of system performance w.r.t. the number of iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-optimal-transmission-rates-of-node-1-under-232wmpyb.png Fig. 4. The optimal transmission rates of node 1 under different states. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-optimization-procedures-under-different-routing-3k2i0bfl.png Fig. 6. The optimization procedures under different routing probabilities. https://scispace.com/papers/power-aware-mpi-task-aggregation-prediction-for-high-end-12q6dcx86h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-results-for-the-npb-3-2-mpi-benchmark-suite-3li0a731.png Figure 7: Results for the NPB 3.2 MPI benchmark suite https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impact-of-communication-interference-ykghy3mc.png Figure 4: Impact of communication interference https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-strong-scaling-and-task-aggregation-for-lu-d-10lq2nj2.png Figure 8: Strong scaling and task aggregation for lu.D https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-impact-of-task-aggregation-on-the-nas-pb-suite-2flc45cg.png Figure 1: Impact of task aggregation on the NAS PB suite https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-examples-of-symmetric-task-placements-1opw1hqd.png Figure 5: Examples of symmetric task placements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-measured-vs-predicted-communication-time-1lp6d1ir.png Figure 6: Measured vs. predicted communication time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-aggregation-patterns-on-our-test-platform-is96lw2i.png Figure 2: Aggregation patterns on our test platform https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-ipc-prediction-of-computation-phases-3gpmv6zb.png Table I: IPC prediction of computation phases https://scispace.com/papers/power-ballads-deploying-aversive-energy-feedback-in-social-7aztt1houf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-anonymised-example-of-an-aversive-feedback-post-7riovmb0.png Figure 2. Anonymised example of an aversive feedback post https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-participant-engagement-with-aversive-feedback-b1uwq1oh.png Figure 4. Participant engagement with aversive feedback https://scispace.com/papers/power-control-by-interference-prediction-for-broadband-1cfsz6gocb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-throughput-improvement-of-the-kalman-filter-method-30q3du87.png Figure 5. Throughput Improvement of the Kalman-Filter Method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-4-sector-cell-layout-and-interleaved-channel-2v5e5fde.png Figure 1. A 4-Sector Cell Layout and Interleaved Channel Assignment (ICA) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-performance-impacts-of-sinr-target-for-the-kalman-2rgrrc70.png Figure 3. Performance Impacts of SINR Target for the Kalman-Filter Method https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-improvement-of-sinr-performance-1mdzud35.png Figure 2. Improvement of SINR Performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-between-the-kalman-filter-method-and-the-10qybpaf.png Table 1. Comparison Between the Kalman-Filter Method and the Delta-Modulation Method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-transmission-power-distribution-for-the-kalman-138lzupd.png Figure 4. Transmission Power Distribution for the Kalman-Filter Method https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-packet-error-rate-for-a-fading-channel-using-8-psk-15ot02mj.png Table 2. Packet Error Rate for a Fading Channel Using 8-PSK Modulation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-throughput-and-packet-error-rate-31jys0ae.png Table 3. Comparison of Throughput and Packet Error Rate. https://scispace.com/papers/power-constrained-dynamic-quantizer-design-for-multisensor-2q6cp79vmw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-optimal-and-nvi-error-power-curves-3eddvsfl.png Fig. 3. Optimal and NVI Error/Power curves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-convergence-of-the-nvi-cost-jlk-phk-under-different-k20vjlby.png Fig. 2. Convergence of the NVI cost jλ̄k φ̂k under different initial conditions. The green line represents true optimal cost j∗φ◦ . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-convergence-of-the-state-level-parameters-a-x1-phk-and-2xfx4ro4.png Fig. 1. Convergence of the state level parameters (a) x̃1(φ̂k) and (b) x̃2(φ̂k) for various initial conditions. The true values x̃1(φ◦) = −0.2 and x̃2(φ◦) = 2.5 are marked by the red lines. https://scispace.com/papers/power-control-game-for-spectrum-sharing-in-public-safety-4e8vzdskvh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tx-power-adjustment-for-scenario-2-game-theory-2zarwn29.png Figure 5. TX power adjustment for scenario 2 (game theory approach, two SUs). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-algorithm-to-find-an-equilibrium-for-game-331yzctu.png TABLE I. ALGORITHM TO FIND AN EQUILIBRIUM FOR GAME https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-utility-function-displaying-the-optimum-transmit-3qqq3n75.png Figure 2. Utility function displaying the optimum transmit power levels at 1-LP0, for various of P0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-tx-power-adjustment-for-scenario-2-game-theory-3mdozs0b.png Figure 10. TX power adjustment for scenario 2 (game theory approach, three SUs). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tx-power-adjustment-for-scenario-1-game-theory-1nw0i7eo.png Figure 3. TX power adjustment for scenario 1 (game theory approach, two SUs). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-utility-variance-with-respect-to-transmit-power-and-1wrs2kqb.png Figure 6. Utility variance with respect to transmit power and SINR parameters for scenario 2 (optimization approach). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scenario-for-spectrum-access-among-secondary-users-2snujh54.png Figure 1. Scenario for spectrum access among secondary users where ‘CP’ is a control point, ‘T’ is a transmitter, and ‘R’ is a receiver. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-algorithm-to-find-the-best-utilities-okm241d7.png TABLE II. ALGORITHM TO FIND THE BEST UTILITIES https://scispace.com/papers/power-converter-maintenance-optimization-using-a-model-based-9qjsxfkfhh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-state-diagram-and-state-transition-conditions-of-core-1qrpl266.png Fig. 3. State diagram and state transition conditions of Core model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-optimal-replacement-time-tr-p-and-corresponding-205lawah.png TABLE II OPTIMAL REPLACEMENT TIME Tr,p AND CORRESPONDING MEAN COST C (AND STDDEV.) AS FUNCTION OF SYSTEM CURRENT I . (S) DEPICTS RESULTS OBTAINED USING UNCERTAIN FAILURE PARAMETERIZATION AND (D) FOR USING DETERMINISTIC FAILURE PARAMETERIZATION. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-the-approach-data-from-a-system-operating-1xgvoy46.png Fig. 1. Overview of the approach. Data from a system operating at different conditions is combined to form a digital reliability twin which can be used to optimize existing and future operations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-illustration-of-a-simple-system-s-with-inputs-i-3g9i55ec.png Fig. 2. (a) Illustration of a simple system S with inputs I, outputs O within an environment E. (b) Overview of the methodology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-number-of-downtime-events-nd-repairs-nr-and-2r4sro2i.png Fig. 5. Number of downtime events nd, repairs nr and operational cost C as a function of preventive repair interval Tr,p. The shaded area depicts the 95% empirical highest probability density region, the lines the mean, and the markers the discrete evaluation points. https://scispace.com/papers/power-converters-and-its-application-in-electric-traction-4typib73z5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-topologia-qzsi-con-elementos-de-sic-propuesto-3q5l69en.png Fig. 16. Topología QZSI con elementos de SiC propuesto. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-topologia-qzsi-csi-propuesta-3c0pqagh.png Fig. 11. Topología QZSI CSI propuesta. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-topologia-de-convertidor-con-elementos-sic-jrfx5bq5.png Fig. 14. Topología de convertidor con elementos SiC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-funcionamiento-y-ventajas-de-los-elementos-de-sic-m49kld8l.png Fig. 13. Funcionamiento y ventajas de los elementos de SiC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-topologia-de-convertidor-clbbc-implementada-3vpxt1sc.png Fig. 15. Topología de convertidor CLBBC implementada. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-arquitectura-de-vehiculo-hibrido-en-paralelo-hev-207q4kdw.png Fig. 1. Arquitectura de vehículo híbrido en paralelo HEV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-arquitectura-de-vehiculo-electrico-enchufable-ev-1z5nz8kl.png Fig. 2. Arquitectura de vehículo eléctrico enchufable EV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-topologias-de-convertidores-usados-en-sistemas-de-2i3nf69q.png Fig. 3. Topologías de convertidores usados en sistemas de tracción. https://scispace.com/papers/power-delivery-in-multiterminal-vsc-hvdc-transmission-system-1y0jeyy00y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-offshore-station-simulation-results-using-dc-voltage-3846ik0d.png Fig. 8. Offshore station simulation results using DC Voltage Droop Control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-onshore-station-2-simulation-results-using-scheduled-3bacjltg.png Fig. 7. Onshore station 2 simulation results using Scheduled Power Control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-onshore-station-1-simulation-results-using-dc-voltage-339v62qs.png Fig. 9. Onshore station 1 simulation results using DC Voltage Droop Control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-wind-farm-simulation-results-using-scheduled-power-2esr39kb.png Fig. 4. Wind farm simulation results using Scheduled Power Control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-offshore-station-simulation-results-using-scheduled-2n9lyjx5.png Fig. 5. Offshore station simulation results using Scheduled Power Control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-onshore-station-1-simulation-results-using-scheduled-1ojw0ybv.png Fig. 6. Onshore station 1 simulation results using Scheduled Power Control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-single-line-block-diagram-of-a-multiterminal-vsc-hvdc-18ngi01d.png Fig. 1. Single line block diagram of a multiterminal VSC-HVDC connection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dc-droop-characteristics-for-multiterminal-connection-1fgv3uub.png Fig. 2. DC droop characteristics for multiterminal connection control. https://scispace.com/papers/power-electronic-courses-that-work-1z3wyou0ij 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-course-enrollment-in-ee-527-2vtjss38.png FIGURE 8 Course enrollment in EE 527 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-course-enrollment-in-ee-411-one-year-to-design-and-3ivx74ia.png FIGURE 7 Course enrollment in EE 411 one year to design and develop a new lab experiment. As https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-lab-bench-in-power-electronics-lab-1pkdvuli.png FIGURE 4 Lab bench in Power Electronics Lab https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-boost-converter-hardware-project-in-ee-410-4djnda2x.png FIGURE 1 Boost converter hardware project in EE 410 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-active-power-factor-correction-module-20ki1jtw.png FIGURE 9 Active Power Factor Correction Module https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-power-electronics-senior-project-lab-bench-18jwfosq.png FIGURE 5 Power Electronics Senior Project Lab bench https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-flyback-converter-hardware-project-in-ee-527-14m3ixhh.png FIGURE 3 Flyback converter hardware project in EE 527 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1e5brlb2.png FIGURE 6 https://scispace.com/papers/power-dense-bi-directional-dc-dc-converters-with-high-5530pwd5hy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pareto-optimal-designs-for-the-converter-with-di-and-337ayhu1.png Fig. 5. Pareto-optimal designs for the converter with DI and with IPT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-minimum-volume-efficiency-and-weight-for-srv5v45j.png Fig. 6. Comparison of minimum volume, efficiency and weight for both topologies with standard inductors, Tcore 155 C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-minimum-volume-efficiency-and-weight-for-3olpxaz1.png Fig. 7. Comparison of minimum volume, efficiency and weight for both topologies with high performance inductors, Tcore 180 C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-performance-evaluation-of-the-prototype-2qezqevg.png TABLE IV PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE PROTOTYPE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-weight-breakdown-of-the-prototype-converter-the-3aqwa3rd.png Fig. 8. Weight breakdown of the prototype converter. The components marked with * were not considered in the optimization algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-picture-of-the-converter-prototype-1zxmbjki.png Fig. 9. Picture of the converter prototype. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-dc-dc-converter-and-magnetic-devices-20g1a3u1.png Fig. 1. Schematic of DC-DC converter and magnetic devices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-details-of-the-high-performance-inductors-6biqmjhj.png Fig. 2. Details of the high performance inductors. https://scispace.com/papers/power-efficient-opportunistic-p-persistent-csma-for-wireless-4yc25uvgzi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-p-persistent-csma-time-slot-structure-tp-transmission-4a23tdqz.png Fig. 1. p-persistent CSMA time-slot structure. (TP: transmission period, IRTD: initial random transmission delay) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-block-diagram-of-the-opcsma-in-uplink-channels-2kjxv7g7.png Fig. 2. Block diagram of the OpCSMA in uplink channels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-analyzed-and-simulated-power-consumption-mg75q4os.png Fig. 4. Comparison of analyzed and simulated power consumption for conventional p-persistent CSMA when a=0.01 and average SNR = 0dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-analyzed-and-simulated-power-consumption-1tgyxs3h.png Fig. 5. Comparison of analyzed and simulated power consumption for the OpCSMA when a=0.01 and average SNR = 0dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-analyzed-power-consumption-for-the-opcsma-as-p-0-1fw9jrig.png Fig. 6. The analyzed power consumption for the OpCSMA as p → 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-power-consumption-comparisons-via-simulations-when-a-0-2tkqqqzs.png Fig. 3. Power consumption comparisons via simulations when a=0.01 and average SNR = 0dB. https://scispace.com/papers/power-gain-estimation-of-an-event-driven-wake-up-controller-17xmdpltb8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phase-decomposition-of-an-applicative-wsn-execution-11uwjco7.png Fig. 1. Phase decomposition of an applicative WSN execution flow https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sub-system-microcontroller-partitioning-between-always-35uee5gl.png Fig. 2. Sub-system microcontroller: partitioning between Always Responsive Module and Computing Module https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-power-consumption-in-retention-and-rx-measure-tx-phase-2bi64bgd.png Fig. 4. Power Consumption in Retention and RX/Measure/TX Phase with and w/o Wake Up Controller https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sub-modules-microcontroller-power-model-for-simulation-1obkhrpj.png Fig. 3. Sub-modules Microcontroller Power Model for simulation (HV: High Voltage, LV: Low Voltage, NTV: Near Threshold Voltage) https://scispace.com/papers/power-influences-the-expression-of-honesty-humility-the-3b0b6n5ncu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-the-hexaco-traits-the-offers-tdrrxvhf.png Table 2 Correlations between the HEXACO Traits, the Offers and Earnings in Each of the Economic Games in Study 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simple-slopes-analysis-for-interaction-between-honesty-esgdo4j2.png Fig. 3. Simple slopes analysis for interaction between Honesty-Humility (with values one standard deviation above and below the mean; and the 95% confidence interval) and power for the amount earned in Study 2 The y-axis limits are set at one standard deviation above the mean of the dictator game and at one standard deviation below the mean of the ultimatum game. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simple-slopes-analysis-for-interaction-between-honesty-1ysk93qk.png Fig. 2. Simple slopes analysis for interaction between Honesty-Humility (with values one standard deviation above and below the mean; and the 95% confidence interval) and power for the amount kept in Study 2 The y-axis limits are set at one standard deviation above the mean of the dictator game and at one standard deviation below the mean of the ultimatum game. https://scispace.com/papers/power-management-of-datacenter-workloads-using-per-core-1uuh3az9e2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-for-a-variety-of-utilization-traces-24igv6ie.png TABLE 1: Results for a variety of utilization traces, including commercial application servers (SAP05 SAP11, SAP12, PHARMA04), web servers (HCOM10, HCOM19, ECOM3), and a desktop machine (DESKTOP). A few positive (lighter green) and negative (darker red) results are highlighted. The presented metrics can be divided into 4 categories: power, energy, delay, and PCPG state. For power, we present average power consumed during the trace (Avg Power), the largest positive power difference w.r.t the baseline configuration (90th percentile) (High ∆ Power), the largest negative power difference w.r.t the baseline configuration (90th percentile) (Low ∆ Power), and average power difference (Avg ∆ Power). For energy, we present the absolute consumption in Joules (Energy) (which, since each trace runs for the same amount of time, is proportional to average power consumption), and the percent change in energy consumption (% ∆ Energy). For delay, we show the percent of total work delayed for one second, for two seconds, and for more than two seconds. For the PCPG state, we present the percent of time spent with 4, 3, 2, or 1 core active. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-a-power-gate-that-employs-an-nmosfet-as-a-286hzh4q.png Fig. 1: Schematic of a power gate that employs an NMOSFET as a sleep transistor, and circuit-level details for each core and power gate. https://scispace.com/papers/power-losses-in-magnetic-laminations-with-hysteresis-finite-4w3x2wsf9k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dynamic-hysteresis-loops-at-1-t-for-0-400-1600-hz-1wkqmiqe.png FIG. 3. Dynamic hysteresis loops at 1 T, for 0, 400, 1600 Hz. Continu lines measurements. Dotted lines FEM prediction based on dynamic Broken line. FEM prediction based on conventional PM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-detail-of-loss-per-cycle-at-1-and-1-5-t-solid-symbols-1h4ae1hy.png FIG. 2. Detail of loss per cycle at 1 and 1.5 T. Solid symbols and do lines: same as in Fig. 1. Open symbols: prediction of FEM calculation ba on DPM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-loss-per-cycle-in-nonoriented-sife-lamination-symbols-314qvodw.png FIG. 1. Loss per cycle in nonoriented SiFe lamination. Symbols meas data. Dotted lines predictions of Eq.~1!. Values ofPh ~in mJ kg 21! andV0 ~in A m21! used in calculations are as follows: 0.25 T:~1.45,0.07!; 0.5 T: ~4.45,0.1!; 0.75 T: ~8.6,0.12!, 1 T: ~14,0.14!, 1.25 T: ~22,0.15!; 1.5 T: ~38,0.17!. https://scispace.com/papers/power-laws-and-inverse-motion-modelling-application-to-47ugugpfv8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-longitudinal-structure-function-exponents-and-187vu9ax.png Fig. 6. Longitudinal structure function exponents and prefactor w.r.t. their order for the scalar image sequence. The proposed selfsimilar regularization (crosses ) provides exponents (left plots) and prefactors (right plots) (in an LS sense) very close to the ground truth (solid line) in comparison to estimates of (Horn and Schunck, 1981) (stars *) or (Yuan et al., 2007) ( symbols). Correlation-based measurements are not presented here since they do not provide motion increments in the bottom of the scale range of [1, 8] pixels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-deviation-from-strict-self-similarity-at-small-scales-2jararbm.png Fig. 11. Deviation from strict self-similarity at small scales (3 18 km) and at larger scales (30-80 km). Longitudinal structure functions exponents w.r.t. their order at low (solid curve) and intermediate (dashed curve) altitude using the model in (Lindborg and Cho, 2001) (on the left) or a flat prior (on the right) for power law models. The dashed straight lines represent strict self-similar behaviour, i.e., a linear relation of exponents w.r.t. order for the two models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-second-order-structure-function-reconstruction-left-26kupmoz.png Fig. 4. Second-order structure function reconstruction. Left plots: Inferred power law model represented by a blue dashed line, and estimated (resp. true) second-order structure function in horizontal-vertical directions plotted with stars (resp. continuous line) and in diagonal directions with cross (resp. dashed line). Right plots: identical legend for the motion estimate obtained with the prior power law model minimising the RMS error. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-motion-estimation-accuracy-evolution-of-rms-error-w-r-1gx7f3j3.png Fig. 5. Motion estimation accuracy. Evolution of RMS error w.r.t. time index for an operational correlation-based method, a robust first order regularizer (Horn and Schunck, 1981), a second-order regularizer (Yuan et al., 2007), and the inferred self-similar constraints for the particle (left) and scalar (right) image sequences. The results obtained with correlation approach were provided by LaVision (www. lavision.de) company from their operational PIV software (Davis) in the context of the Fluid FET Open European project. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-power-law-evidence-probability-minus-log-of-model-ypevfq9t.png Fig. 10. Power law evidence probability. Minus log of model probability pðMjIÞ w.r.t. parameters: exponent z (ordinate) and energy flux o in m2 s 3 (absciss) (i.e., prefactor c ¼ C2Ef), for horizontal winds at low (left) and at intermediate (right) altitude. Iso-contours of decreasing values around the minima are plotted in dark blue, yellow and turquoise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-second-above-and-third-below-order-structure-functions-1qc8ydgb.png Fig. 9. Second- (above) and third-(below) order structure functions at low (left column) and intermediate (right column) altitudes. Second-order structure functions ( symbols) are plotted with their associate models (dashed line). Third-order structure functions (plotted with symbols for positive values and with symbols for negative values) can be compared to their associate models (fine dashed line for positive values and coarse dashed line for negative values). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-detail-of-horizontal-winds-at-intermediate-altitude-29v6m6go.png Fig. 15. Detail of horizontal winds at intermediate altitude. From top to bottom: input image (zoom between the 20o and 30o meridians and the 50o and 60o parallels), solenoidal (2 following lines) and divergent part (2 last lines) of motion estimated with a scaling of ‘2/3 (second and fourth line) or ‘2 (third and fifth line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-selection-of-most-likely-energy-flux-for-lindborgs-3ucxejpw.png Fig. 8. Selection of most likely energy flux for Lindborg’s model. Minus log of the power law posterior probability pðMjIÞ vs. energy flux e in m2 s 3 for horizontal winds at low (solid line) and at intermediate (dashed line) altitude. https://scispace.com/papers/power-of-unentangled-measurements-on-two-antiparallel-spins-3gdd2cjyho 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-function-i-and-its-upper-bound-j-plotted-29817fur.png Figure 1: The function I and its upper bound J plotted against ϑ in the interval 0 ≤ ϑ ≤ π. https://scispace.com/papers/power-loss-analysis-in-thermal-design-of-permanent-magnet-11fgeiwpq3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-an-example-of-the-coarse-and-interpolated-iron-loss-2g1ipqf0.png Fig. 5. An example of the coarse and interpolated iron loss functions used to derive the core loss for a given torque-speed envelope and/or operating cycle [56]; a) hysteresis core loss coefficient; b) eddy current loss coefficient versus current angle and current magnitude. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-an-example-from-the-core-loss-predictions-using-the-3r4c10pq.png Fig. 6. An example from the core loss predictions using the direct FEAs and proposed voltage model approach [54]; core loss versus rotational speed for a given torque-speed envelope. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-from-analysis-of-the-uneven-per-strand-12drthl9.png Fig. 1. An example from analysis of the uneven per strand current share [33]; a) multi-stranded winding construction with 18 strands per bundle; b) variation of peak current per strand versus excitation frequency for parallel (straight) and twisted (Litz) bundle construction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-an-example-from-analysis-of-the-mechanical-loss-3llc9rm7.png Fig. 8. An example from analysis of the mechanical loss accounting for both the bearing and windage loss components [17]; mechanical loss versus rotational speed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-an-example-from-analysis-of-the-pm-loss-comparing-2yi7opxu.png Fig. 7. An example from analysis of the PM loss comparing results from the direct 3D FEAs and proposed loss mapping technique [87]; PM power loss versus rotational speed for a given torque-speed envelope. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-example-from-analysis-of-the-ac-winding-power-loss-3fjbd142.png Fig. 2. An example from analysis of the ac winding power loss and its variation with temperature [21]; a) alternative winding constructions, where kp is the conductor fill factor; b) winding power loss at ac operation versus winding temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-an-example-from-the-cfd-analysis-of-the-windage-loss-5b1p4ka3.png Fig. 9. An example from the CFD analysis of the windage loss [103]; https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-an-example-from-analysis-of-the-core-loss-accounting-3bioi1s3.png Fig. 4. An example from analysis of the core loss accounting for the core temperature [52]; (NiFe, 0.2mm laminated core pack); core power loss versus temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/power-of-moran-s-i-test-for-spatial-dependence-in-panel-data-38vc1ed72e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-power-of-morans-i-test-for-spatial-dependence-wqenlygt.png Figure 3 Power of Moran’s I test for spatial dependence against the SAR model, for different time dimensions, given N=49 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-power-of-morans-i-test-for-spatial-dependence-3uwc51y6.png Figure 2 Power of Moran’s I test for spatial dependence against the SEAR model, for different spatial correlation parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-power-of-morans-i-test-for-spatial-dependence-23gtven2.png Figure 1 Power of Moran’s I test for spatial dependence against the SAR model, for different spatial correlation parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-power-of-morans-i-test-for-spatial-dependence-lhe5z84n.png Figure 6 Power of Moran’s I test for spatial dependence against the SEAR model, for different cross-sectional dimensions, given T=10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-power-of-morans-i-test-for-spatial-dependence-21rsu687.png Figure 4 Power of Moran’s I test for spatial dependence against the SEAR model, for different time dimensions, given N=49 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-power-of-morans-i-test-for-spatial-dependence-36hqk9zi.png Figure 5 Power of Moran’s I test for spatial dependence against the SAR model, for different cross-sectional dimensions, given T=10 https://scispace.com/papers/power-minimization-under-throughput-management-over-wireless-3jr6qqipx1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mqam-performance-with-continuous-throughput-assumption-3aidt6h0.png Fig. 6. MQAM performance with continuous throughput assumption. (a) BER = 10 . (b) BER = 10 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effects-of-window-size-a-power-saving-and-b-spectral-2e7v5lph.png Fig. 7. Effects of window size: (a) power saving and (b) spectral efficiency gain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sc-and-mrc-kacinjw7.png Fig. 1. SC and MRC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ber-approximation-and-ber-standard-formula-for-mqam-1u7y78oi.png Fig. 2. BER approximation and BER standard formula for MQAM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-power-control-and-throughput-management-system-4j056q63.png Fig. 4. Power control and throughput management system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-normalized-power-in-decibels-versus-throughput-a-ber-1r9d6ouv.png Fig. 5. Normalized power (in decibels) versus throughput. (a) BER = 10 . (b) BER = 10 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-two-user-example-for-problem-partition-2653uyoe.png Fig. 3. Two-user example for problem partition. https://scispace.com/papers/power-optimal-pipelining-in-deep-submicron-technology-128p25nzyf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-optimal-logic-depth-with-no-clock-gating-mechanism-30zibu1i.png Figure 10: Optimal logic depth with no clock-gating mechanism. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-baseline-pipeline-stage-model-input-and-clock-1nb5v34i.png Figure 1: Baseline pipeline stage model. Input and clock buffers are not shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-supply-voltage-scaling-shown-as-voltage-required-to-29q21xoj.png Figure 2: Supply voltage scaling shown as voltage required to achieve 2 GHz with given number of FO4 logic levels per pipeline stage. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-threshold-voltages-and-supply-voltage-scaling-2pbal8p8.png Table 1: Threshold voltages and supply voltage scaling coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-switching-power-scaling-xat2222c.png Figure 3: Switching power scaling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-leakage-power-versus-logic-depth-per-stage-1ob3amh6.png Figure 4: Leakage power versus logic depth per stage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-idle-power-scaling-73xbmrjn.png Figure 5: Idle power scaling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-total-power-scaling-with-no-clock-gating-mechanism-31qp16zx.png Figure 8: Total power scaling with no clock-gating mechanism. https://scispace.com/papers/power-savings-from-half-duplex-relaying-in-downlink-cellular-3qm7a33qts 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-peak-power-savings-due-to-deployment-of-2iiww6iq.png TABLE I SUMMARY OF PEAK POWER SAVINGS DUE TO DEPLOYMENT OF RELAYS IN CELLULAR SYSTEMS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-antenna-gain-pattern-from-15-as-a-function-of-the-byatftxx.png Fig. 2. Antenna gain pattern (from [15]) as a function of the horizontal angle in degrees. The mathematical expression for the gain is given in Equation (1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-wrap-around-simulation-model-the-center-ring-of-19-2b4kxeic.png Fig. 1. Wrap-around simulation model. The center ring of 19 cells are used for the simulation. The surrounding cell activity is mirrored in the center ring. The direction of the arrows represent the direction of the main lobe of the sectorized antenna. https://scispace.com/papers/power-spectra-for-deterministic-chaotic-dynamical-systems-1petbrqwja 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-as-in-fig-1-but-now-a-small-interval-of-o-is-shown-304t0b6p.png Figure 2: As in Fig. 1, but now a small interval of ω is shown to illustrate that S(ω) is indeed analytic and nonzero. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-power-spectrum-s-o-for-the-logistic-map-with-a-442hhqxv.png Figure 1: The power spectrum S(ω) for the logistic map with a = 3.757 computed using the mean square displacement along an orbit of 200K iterates. The dynamics is chaotic but non-mixing; the invariant measure is supported on 4 distinct intervals which the orbit visits in succession. The cycling is confirmed by peaks at π/2, π and 3π/2 where S(ω) = ∞. The numerically computed values are S(π/2) ≈ 50, S(π) ≈ 900. In contrast, the spectrum is finite at the approximate but nonsingular peaks at kπ/4, k = 1, 3, 5, 7 with values S(π/4) ≈ 0.006 and S(3π/4) ≈ 0.015. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-as-in-fig-3-but-now-a-zoom-in-on-the-nonsingular-1ren1af0.png Figure 4: As in Fig. 3, but now a zoom in on the nonsingular peak at ω = 3π/4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-as-in-fig-1-but-now-a-zoom-in-on-the-removable-1tt5ydeq.png Figure 3: As in Fig. 1, but now a zoom in on the removable singularity at ω = π/2 (continuous lines 500K iterates, dashed lines 2000K iterates). https://scispace.com/papers/power-quality-disturbance-detection-based-on-mathematical-q79exorpns 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-framework-of-the-occo-filter-3qfr5790.png Fig. 1. Framework of the OCCO filter https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-snr-comparisons-of-three-filters-under-different-3kz9vkeh.png TABLE I SNR COMPARISONS OF THREE FILTERS UNDER DIFFERENT PULSE NUMBERS (dB) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-filtering-and-time-location-results-for-a-mixed-32gwxuv1.png Fig. 10. Filtering and time location results for a mixed signal with harmonic distortion and voltage swell and noise https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-time-location-comparisons-of-different-disturbance-28btr7hq.png TABLE III TIME LOCATION COMPARISONS OF DIFFERENT DISTURBANCE TYPES (s) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-snr-comparisons-of-different-disturbance-types-db-3jcqqr0s.png TABLE II SNR COMPARISONS OF DIFFERENT DISTURBANCE TYPES (dB) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-voltage-swell-signal-with-noise-and-its-filter-and-1dh5ca2c.png Fig. 8. Voltage swell signal with noise and its filter and time location results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-voltage-sag-signal-with-noise-and-its-filter-and-time-1qqd5wmv.png Fig. 7. Voltage sag signal with noise and its filter and time location results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-harmonic-signal-with-noise-and-its-filtering-and-time-ns6fx6sq.png Fig. 9. Harmonic signal with noise and its filtering and time location https://scispace.com/papers/power-system-impacts-of-electric-vehicles-in-germany-1tz7aq399e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-renewable-curtailment-39yqmud5.png Figure 7: Renewable curtailment https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sets-parameters-and-variables-related-to-electric-3sn3t6oz.png Table 1: Sets, parameters, and variables related to electric vehicles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dispatch-changes-relative-to-scenario-without-ev-3kvjgzgv.png Figure 4: Dispatch changes relative to scenario without EV (2020, EM+) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-installed-net-generation-capacities-2anob2jx.png Figure 1: Installed net generation capacities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-impacts-of-evs-on-the-load-duration-curve-under-31n1e3v4.png Figure 3: Impacts of EVs on the load duration curve under different charging modes (2030, EM+) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dispatch-changes-relative-to-scenario-without-ev-327ndzfi.png Figure 6: Dispatch changes relative to scenario without EV (2030, RE+) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-ev-charging-power-over-24-hours-2030-em-31urpk17.png Figure 2: Average EV charging power over 24 hours (2030, EM+) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-scenario-matrix-6hsa8lef.png Table 2: Scenario matrix https://scispace.com/papers/power-systems-simulations-of-the-western-united-states-31uy9qminx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-generating-technologies-represented-in-the-3j98giik.png Figure 12 Generating Technologies Represented in the Electricity Market Module (EIA 2006c) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-projected-baseline-electricity-generation-by-vbmbi5hz.png Figure 23 Projected Baseline Electricity Generation by Technology and Main WECC Region https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-projected-baseline-new-capacity-additions-by-27pap1yk.png Figure 24 Projected Baseline New Capacity Additions by Technology and Main WECC Region https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-projected-baseline-renewable-capacity-by-2r4k02s3.png Figure 25 Projected Baseline Renewable Capacity by Technology and Main WECC Region https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-projected-baseline-generating-capacity-by-3q6wpfbx.png Figure 22 Projected Baseline Generating Capacity by Technology and Main WECC Region https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-screening-curves-of-selected-candidate-6ca582x1.png Figure 13 Screening Curves of Selected Candidate Technologies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-42-projected-water-withdrawals-water-consumption-and-2ny13azh.png Figure 42 Projected Water Withdrawals, Water Consumption, and CO2 Emissions by Scenario https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-processing-hourly-loads-2cjoovdk.png Figure 5 Processing Hourly Loads https://scispace.com/papers/power-system-steady-state-analysis-with-large-scale-electric-gs7d1cheb7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-wind-and-pv-solar-generation-profile-1wkh0j3u.png Fig. 4. Wind and PV solar generation profile https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-res-support-results-without-transmission-losses-1l965vd2.png Fig. 5. RES support results without transmission losses https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-micro-grid-2xjoyfwj.png Fig. 3. Example micro-grid https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-topics-of-steady-state-analysis-with-large-scale-ev-3ppi6o7l.png Fig. 1 Topics of steady-state analysis with large-scale EV integration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-load-levelling-results-7f405mwj.png Fig. 2. Load levelling results https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-siting-and-sizing-results-35q32boi.png Table 6 Siting and sizing results https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-costs-per-unit-power-3h3ol2b3.png Table 4 Costs per unit power https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-parameters-91sq4sc5.png Table 2 List of Parameters https://scispace.com/papers/power-transfer-potential-to-the-southeast-in-response-to-a-u63azfk33b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-indentifying-potential-for-wind-energy-transfers-1sh3m2l3.png Figure 9. Indentifying Potential for Wind Energy Transfers from SPP to SERC/STV subregions and SERC/FL. https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-southeast-2020-electricity-capacity-generation-and-3doxaelt.png Table 13. Southeast 2020 electricity capacity, generation and load from AEO2009 poststimulus (EIA 2009) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-renewable-generation-as-percent-of-total-generation-3k03hlav.png Figure 7. Renewable Generation as Percent of Total Generation in the US and in the Southeast and SPP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-value-of-wind-energy-transfers-under-the-assumptions-14neh8dv.png Table 8. Value of Wind Energy Transfers under the Assumptions of Low Prices of Natural Gas and CO2 Emission Allowances https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-2020-renewable-generation-as-percent-of-total-8zb48g4c.png Figure 17. 2020 Renewable Generation as Percent of Total Generation in the Southeast before and after Wind Energy Transfers, under the Assumptions of Low Prices of Natural Gas and CO2 Emission Allowances. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-regional-differences-in-wind-resource-available-at-1a353e9u.png Figure 8. Regional Differences in Wind Resource Available (at Power Class 3 or Better), Wind Energy Production in 2030 and Regional Electrical Demand in 2030. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-price-difference-between-solar-pv-levelized-costs-1aqxq2y6.png Figure 21. Price difference between solar PV levelized costs and residential electricity in 2015 with a 13% increase in residential prices and no incentives (Paidipati et al. 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-southeast-states-cumulative-rooftop-pv-capacity-mw-3rdbk09f.png Table 11. Southeast states’ cumulative rooftop PV capacity (MW) in 2015 under BAU and best case scenarios (Paidipati et al. 2008) https://scispace.com/papers/power-system-transient-stability-enhancement-using-direct-1lp22017j9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-simulated-system-1cvk776y.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the simulated system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-control-block-diagram-of-the-simulated-grid-side-2cvl915i.png Fig 4. Control block diagram of the simulated grid side converter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pitch-control-model-3mas4niq.png Fig. 3. Pitch control model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-drive-train-model-3dzj1z18.png Fig. 2. Drive train model https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-simulation-parameters-for-fixed-speed-wind-2aj79am9.png TABLE II SIMULATION PARAMETERS FOR FIXED SPEED WIND GENERATORS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-parameters-for-direct-drive-wind-turbines-2u1c1kae.png TABLE I SIMULATION PARAMETERS FOR DIRECT DRIVE WIND TURBINES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-quadrature-components-of-the-grid-side-converter-uxpnki0i.png Fig. 5. Quadrature components of the grid side converter currents, P-Q response for fixed speed wind generators and direct drive wind generators under a 50% voltage sag, sustained for 500 ms: (a)-(c) Design 1; (d)-(f) Design 2; (g)-(i) Design 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-p-q-response-for-direct-drive-wind-generators-and-1d90ig50.png Fig. 6. P-Q response for direct drive wind generators and fixed speed wind generators under a phase to phase fault, sustained for 1s: (a)-(b) Design 1; (c)(d) Design 2; (e)-(f) Design 3 https://scispace.com/papers/powerful-high-velocity-dispersion-molecular-hydrogen-3tajmcpmp0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-line-fluxes-scaled-to-the-equivalent-sh-slit-34dukfl8.png Table 1. Line Fluxes Scaled to the Equivalent SH-slit Aperture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2a-b-and-c-show-the-spectra-extracted-in-the-region-1smfeg28.png Figure 2a, b and c show the spectra extracted in the region where all three slits overlap. Except for the atomic lines of [NeII]λ12.8µm and [SiII]λ34.8µm, all are rotational transitions of the ground vibrational states of molecular hydrogen (the 0-0 S(0), S(1), S(2), https://scispace.com/papers/ppara-exacerbates-necroptosis-leading-to-increased-mortality-12lz4mgmkz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-role-of-ppara-in-facilitating-necroptosis-and-3vklsvja.png Fig. 3. Role of PPARα in facilitating necroptosis and increasing mortality and morbidity during superinfection. (A) Immunoblotting of lung homogenates from mice infected for 24 h with S. aureus with prior mock (PBS) or influenza infection (7 d). Numbers indicate abundance (a.u.) measurement by densitometry. (B) The bar graph shows the quantification by densitometry of PPARα protein in immunoblots of S. aureus or influenza/S. aureus infected samples. An unpaired t test was performed (five to six samples each) to determine statistical significance (***P < 0.001). Data are combined from two independent experiments. (C) Hox-derived macrophages were left unstimulated or stimulated with LPS, LPS + 14,15-diHETrE, or LPS + WY14643 (PPARα agonist) for 6 h, and NFκB promoter activity was measured by luciferase assay. A multiple comparisons ANOVA was performed to determine statistical significance (****P < 0.0001). Data are representative of three independent experiments. (D) Survival curve of wild-type (C57BL/6) (black) or Ppara−/− (purple) mice sequentially infected with influenza (day 0) and S. aureus (day 7). Mantel–Cox tests were performed to determine statistical significance. Data are combined results of three independent experiments with a total of 12 mice per group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-role-of-ripk3-dependent-necroptosis-in-causing-4a8ba2jc.png Fig. 5. Role of RIPK3-dependent necroptosis in causing increased mortality and morbidity during superinfection. (A) Relative abundance of LDH in BAL 24 h after infection with S. aureus in mock-treated C57BL/6 mice (green), C57BL/6 mice infected with influenza for 8 d (blue) or infected with influenza for 7 d and superinfected with S. aureus for 24 h (black), and Ripk3−/− mice superinfected with influenza (for 7 d) and then S. aureus (for 24 h) (red). Data are combined results of six experiments with a total of 10 to 18 mice per condition across all experiments. Significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA (*P < 0.05; ****P < 0.0001). (B) Survival curve of wild-type C57BL/6 (black) or Ripk3−/− mice (red) infected with influenza (day 0) and S. aureus (day 7). Mantel–Cox tests were performed to determine statistical significance. Data are combined results of six experiments with a total 19 to 22 mice per condition across all experiments. (C) Survival curve of wild-type C57BL/6 mice infected with influenza (day 0) and S. aureus (day 7). Animals were injected intraperitoneally with vehicle (DMSO) or 5 or 10 mg/kg of necrostatin-1 daily for 5 d beginning on day 7. Mantel–Cox tests were performed to determine statistical significance. Data are combined results of three experiments with a total of 13 to 17 mice per condition across all experiments. (D) Hox-derived macrophages from C57BL/6 (black), Ripk3−/− (gray), MlklENU (white), and Ppara−/− (black stripe) mice were stimulated with DMSO (unstim), zvad, TNF, or TNF/zvad for 16 h. Bar graphs depict the mean ± SEM of the dead (PI+/Lysotracker-) to live (PI-/Lysotracker+) cell ratio. Significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA (***P < 0.001). (E) Hox-derived macrophages from C57BL/6 and Ripk3−/− mice were treated with DMSO (vehicle), polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PIC), zvad (apoptosis inhibitor), GW6471 (PPARα antagonist), WY14643 (PPARα agonist), or the indicated combinations of these, and dead to live cell ratio was quantified as described in D. Significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA (****P < 0.0001). (F) Hox-derived macrophages from C57BL/6 and Ppara−/− mice were treated as indicated for 16 h, and the level of necroptosis was measured as in D. Significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA (*P < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-influenza-s-aureus-superinfection-model-a-survival-6mj8inv0.png Fig. 1. Influenza/S. aureus superinfection model. (A) Survival curve of mice infected with only influenza at day 0 (blue), only S. aureus at day 7 (green), or influenza at day 0 followed by S. aureus at day 7 (black). Mantel–Cox tests were performed to determine statistical significance. The plot depicts the combined results of five experiments with a total across all experiments of 12 to 17 mice per condition. (B) Representative H&E sections and quantitative pathology assessment of (C) total pathology score and (D) levels of perivascular cuffing by neutrophils (PC-N) from infected lungs 1 d following S. aureus infection, 8 d following influenza infection, or 1 d following secondary S. aureus infection of mice infected with influenza for 7 d. (E) Bacterial burden measured by CFU counting in whole-lung homogenates of mice following S. aureus infection (green) or following influenza infection (at day 0; blue) and secondary S. aureus infection (at day 7; black). The dashed line indicates the detection limit. Significance was determined by an unpaired Student’s t test (**P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-model-for-the-role-of-cyp450-metabolites-in-the-1hm7bjme.png Fig. 6. Model for the role of CYP450 metabolites in the pathophysiology of influenza/S. aureus superinfection. Levels of CYP450 lipid metabolites during influenza/S. aureus infection (black) compared to infection with S. aureus alone (green). These mediators activate the nuclear receptor PPARα, which inhibits NFκB. This inhibition is reflected in the dampened expression of numerous proinflammatory genes (Mmp9, Lcn2, Il6, Cxcl1, Cxcl5). In addition, expression of the cell survival genes Birc3 and Sod2 is also repressed in superinfected mice. Birc3 inhibits necroptosis by driving ubiquitination of RIPK1 and thereby inhibiting its phosphorylation, which is required for it to form a complex with RIPK3 and thereby drive necroptosis (37, 43). Sod2, a superoxide dismutase, clears reactive oxygen species, helping to protect against cell death under necroptotic conditions. Dampened inflammatory responses and elevated necroptosis are associated with hindered bacterial clearance and increased morbidity and mortality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lipidomic-profiling-of-influenza-s-aureus-1fkhj6o8.png Fig. 2. Lipidomic profiling of influenza/S. aureus superinfection. Mice were left uninfected or infected with influenza for 7 d then infected with S. aureus. BAL was extracted 4 h after S. aureus infection (or 7 d following influenza infection alone) and analyzed by LC/MS. (A) Concentrations of lipid mediators represented as a heat map. Each column represents a biological replicate. Lipid mediators are clustered into eicosanoid metabolic pathways and precursors. Color scale bar depicts concentration (in pmol/mL). Values greater than 6 pmol/mL are indicated by white boxes. EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid. (B) Mean total concentration of all CYP450 metabolites and (C) CYP450 metabolites as a percentage of total lipids detected at the same time point as A. Error bars indicate the mean and SEM across biological replicates. One-way ANOVAs were performed to determine statistical significance (**P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001). https://scispace.com/papers/pr-controller-based-current-control-scheme-for-single-phase-29afwdjbxa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-a-shows-the-grid-voltage-in-channel-1-250v-div-and-xjwc11i9.png Fig. 12(a) shows the grid voltage in channel 1 (250V/div) and grid current in channel 4 (10A/div), respectively. It can be seen that the grid current waveform is nearly perfect sinusoid. The experimental result shows a good agreement with the simulation result. The harmonic order analysis and THD value of grid current using PR controller are shown in Fig. 12(b). The experimental results show that by using PR controller, the PV inverter current control scheme can achieve steady-state performance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-shows-the-bode-diagram-of-closed-loop-system-using-pr-14d2tzhm.png Fig. 7 shows the bode diagram of closed-loop system using PR controller, where the PR controller can introduce an infinite gain at the fundamental frequency. https://scispace.com/papers/practical-application-of-turbo-equalization-to-underwater-1ch2grpo7c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-plot-of-channel-estimates-over-20000-symbol-2hfhlygo.png Fig. 1. The plot of channel estimates over 20000 symbol periods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ber-versus-epoch-index-for-qpsk-mimo-data-transmission-1m0zvlt0.png Fig. 3. BER versus epoch index for QPSK, MIMO data transmission. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-performance-of-the-lms-teq-for-different-symbol-o3yq6aht.png Table 1. The performance of the LMS-TEQ for different symbol rates and modulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ber-versus-epoch-index-for-16-qam-simo-data-3rck5v55.png Fig. 2. BER versus epoch index for 16-QAM, SIMO data transmission. https://scispace.com/papers/practical-aspects-of-3d-coherent-noise-filtering-using-f-kx-212gtnyzvd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-3d-filtering-in-shot-point-domain-8-x-90-2c6w8hjz.png Figure 3 Example of 3D filtering in shot point domain (8 x 90 receivers) with non linear wavelet transform filter. Part of one receiver line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-3d-filtering-in-xs-domain-part-of-one-1dfldxyi.png Figure 2 Comparison of 3D filtering in XS domain (part of one receiver line): input (left), (f-kx-ky) filter (middle), wavelet transform filter (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-power-spectra-of-filtered-traces-using-decimated-1zq7a7y0.png Figure 4 Power spectra of filtered traces using decimated (left) and shift invariant (right) wavelet transform. Note the 65 Hz artefact (ellipse) generated by multiple frequency folding and wrong unfolding of the aliased 60Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-examples-of-real-xs-spatial-irregularities-of-3fk01ovp.png Figure 5 Examples of real XS spatial irregularities of different scales displayed in time slices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-inline-slice-in-3d-stack-150-fold-stack-without-3d-eitg245l.png Figure 6 Inline slice in 3D stack: 150 fold stack without 3D fk filter (left). Stack with 3D fk filter (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-one-level-wavelet-transform-decomposition-and-1kz7iyyc.png Figure 1 One level wavelet transform decomposition and filtering. Full decomposition is achieved by cascading the H0,H1 filters and downsampling step on the H1 low pass output. The noise filters R and S can be different for each channel. https://scispace.com/papers/practical-approaches-to-assessment-of-harmonics-along-radial-1cniits7mo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-thd-for-superposition-case-study-2xir8c79.png Fig. 3. Average THD for superposition case study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-thd-increases-with-the-feeder-length-2r9bsv1l.png Fig. 1. THD increases with the feeder length https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-test-feeder-s-s-is-60-15-kv-substation-2i2js78u.png Fig. 2. Test feeder (S/S is 60/15 kV substation) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-the-95th-percentiles-of-thd-9th-11th-and-13th-3s5rw33u.png Fig. 16. The 95th percentiles of THD, 9th , 11th and 13th harmonic voltages and corresponding estimation errors – non monitored capacitor at Bus 35 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-case-of-5th-harmonic-current-not-seen-at-the-2b2jg4mw.png Fig. 8. A case of 5th harmonic current not seen at the substation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-impacts-on-harmonic-performance-minimum-average-and-30luz602.png Fig. 10. Impacts on harmonic performance (minimum, average and maximum THD) of the feeder by increased harmonic injection at Bus 06 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-flow-chart-of-probabilistic-estimation-methodology-ltmr48ru.png Fig. 9. Flow chart of probabilistic estimation methodology https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-characteristic-buses-distance-u9tlosra.png TABLE I. CHARACTERISTIC BUSES DISTANCE https://scispace.com/papers/practical-aspects-of-log-file-analysis-for-e-commerce-36inglr5qa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-percentages-of-sessions-ended-with-a-purchase-19vtjmui.png Fig. 2. Percentages of sessions ended with a purchase depending on a session type https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-strong-association-rules-determined-for-the-analyzed-2djthtne.png Table 1. Strong association rules determined for the analyzed data set https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-percentages-of-sessions-with-visits-to-key-session-27kgpd7v.png Fig. 1. Percentages of sessions with visits to key session states https://scispace.com/papers/practical-camera-auto-calibration-using-semidefinite-53mzw2g4ly 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-for-simulated-data-1d3plvfi.png Table 1. Results for simulated data https://scispace.com/papers/practical-design-of-fractional-order-resonator-for-477zfhoyon 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-impedance-plot-of-cpe-used-in-further-design-1ay8ugcw.png Fig. 3. Impedance plot of CPE used in further design. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-floating-impedance-resonator-using-cpes-2xs3l3ij.png Fig. 1. Floating impedance resonator using CPEs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-recent-oscillator-designs-using-2pl87ygr.png TABLE I. COMPARISON OF RECENT OSCILLATOR DESIGNS USING FRACTIONAL-ORDER DEVICES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-impedance-plots-of-the-resonator-for-selected-values-32i5a6he.png Fig. 4. Impedance plots of the resonator for selected values of B (0.2, 0.5, 1, 2) – simulation results: a) magnitudes, b) phase responses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-practical-examples-of-the-design-and-matlab-algorithm-ou10qbna.png Fig. 5. Practical examples of the design and Matlab algorithm are available in [24], [25], for instance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-exemplary-results-a-magnitude-impedance-plots-of-3qgixdru.png Fig. 6. Exemplary results: a) magnitude impedance plots of resonator and negative resistor when f0 varied, b) selected example of output waveforms of the oscillator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-dependence-of-a-oscillation-frequency-on-driving-3vnsjcu6.png Fig. 7. Dependence of: a) oscillation frequency on driving parameter VSETB1, b) phase shifts between nodes V1-3 and amplitude ratios on tuning procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proposed-application-multiphase-oscillator-based-on-2qj88fhz.png Fig. 2. Proposed application – multiphase oscillator based on resonator and negative resistor. https://scispace.com/papers/practical-estimation-and-distribution-of-diffuse-pollutants-4nzxd3junl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-of-overall-n-and-p-diffuse-loads-of-the-13hckc6m.png Fig. 3 Distribution of overall N and P diffuse loads of the watershed https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-raw-domestic-wastewater-unit-loads-for-present-2it6x5zj.png Table 5 The raw domestic wastewater unit loads for present and future, and septic tank effluent concentrations https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-manure-production-rates-selected-nutrient-values-and-2d4g9wrm.png Table 3 Manure production rates, selected nutrient values and corresponding losses to the water environment https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimated-unit-n-loads-and-corresponding-total-n-2ofu6h92.png Table 6 Estimated unit N loads and corresponding total N load arising from atmospheric deposition https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-geographical-location-of-the-watershed-and-the-1yteemdy.png Fig. 1 The geographical location of the watershed and the sharing provinces https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-population-trend-and-its-distribution-among-urban-19vtt1ne.png Fig. 2 a Population trend and its distribution among urban and rural population of the watershed, b Land-use distribution of the watershed, c Land-use distribution of provinces that constitute the watershed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-current-diffuse-n-loads-a-and-diffuse-3h8agz8f.png Fig. 4 Distribution of current diffuse N loads a and diffuse P loads b; distribution of diffuse N loads c and P loads d for year 2028; distribution of diffuse N loads e diffuse P loads f for year 2039 within the sharing provinces https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-unit-diffuse-loads-used-for-various-land-use-2f19k113.png Table 1 Unit diffuse loads used for various land-use activities Diffuse Sources Saatci et al. (1999) Dahl and Kurtar (1993) and OEJV (1993) Andreadakis et al. (2007) https://scispace.com/papers/practical-equivalent-control-in-2-sliding-controls-applied-22ri8m7nmw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sliding-surface-of-joint-2-twisting-and-super-twisting-2yr3b8a7.png Fig. 8. sliding surface of Joint 2 twisting and super twisting laws (0.5Kg payload), Θ2 = (0.87,1.04) T rad https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-average-model-parameters-values-96tzuupt.png TABLE I AVERAGE MODEL PARAMETERS VALUES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-influence-of-ueq-with-the-twisting-law-and-0-5kg-load-h0ms2hfm.png Fig. 4. Influence of ũeq with the twisting law and 0.5Kg load https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-influence-of-ueq-with-the-super-twisting-law-and-0-5kg-1qdpd49t.png Fig. 5. Influence of ũeq with the super twisting law and 0.5kg load https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-regulation-joint-1-and-2-twisting-and-super-twisting-2nq9t8vr.png Fig. 6. regulation joint 1 and 2, twisting and super twisting laws (no payload) https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-tracking-parameters-of-twisting-law-11uchzuc.png TABLE V TRACKING PARAMETERS OF twisting LAW https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-tracking-parameters-of-super-twisting-law-1w67pvby.png TABLE VI TRACKING PARAMETERS OF super twisting LAW https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-joint-2-twisting-and-super-twisting-laws-0-5kg-2kt4625v.png Fig. 10. Joint 2 twisting and super twisting laws (0.5Kg payload) with a perturbation for reference ( 0.87, 1.39)T rad https://scispace.com/papers/practical-evaluation-of-a-crowdsourcing-indoor-localization-4zytg85er8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-synthesis-data-tracking-results-3netsb8v.png TABLE 3: Synthesis data tracking results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-of-bolz-hall-ohio-state-university-not-to-2shtztfa.png Fig. 1: A schematic of Bolz Hall, Ohio State University (not to scale) and topology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-heatmap-of-the-transition-probability-of-the-building-z94m57h4.png Fig. 4: Heatmap of the transition probability of the building topology in Fig. 1 for the HMM (left) and the HsMM (right). The non-zero entry aij represents accessibility between cell i and cell j and its strength represents the magnitude of cell transition probabilities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-framework-of-crowdsourcing-localization-system-33or4u8x.png Fig. 5: Framework of Crowdsourcing Localization System. https://scispace.com/papers/practical-key-recovery-for-discrete-logarithm-based-5b57w62r7m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-total-number-of-constructed-th1-th32-in-function-of-d-1oydljnp.png Fig. 1. Total number of constructed (ϑ1, . . . , ϑ32) in function of δ (t = 32 and κ = 128). https://scispace.com/papers/practical-limit-of-synthetic-inertia-in-full-converter-wind-2oy2ik9wxa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-representative-block-diagram-of-main-elements-2ks9nz3q.png Fig. 4. A representative block diagram of main elements, controller, and signals using the model of VSWT with a DD synchronous generator with a FRPC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulation-results-of-system-frequency-dynamic-ewvtqsq0.png Fig. 5. Simulation results of system frequency dynamic response during system frequency disturbance considering three different power imbalances (PL), Hsyn = 0.25HWTG. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-general-structure-of-a-variable-speed-wind-turbine-21ediqvu.png Fig. 3. The general structure of a variable-speed wind turbine (VSWT) with a direct-drive synchronous generator with a full-rated power converter as an interface to grid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulation-results-of-system-frequency-response-16lgi5en.png Fig. 6. Simulation results of system frequency response considering several values of synthetic inertia controller, Hsyn. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representative-diagram-of-maximum-power-point-tracking-3ggku40f.png Fig. 1. Representative diagram of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller and Synthetic Inertia Controller (shadowed) [3]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-test-system-representative-transmission-system-2rs2e8dr.png Fig. 2. Test system: Representative transmission system including an equivalent WTG https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulation-results-of-wt-frequency-response-1dzaky2v.png Fig. 8. Simulation results of WT frequency response considering several inertia values, Hsyn. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-details-of-frequency-response-considering-several-2fqvjs1j.png Fig. 7. Details of frequency response considering several values of synthetic inertia controller, Hsyn. https://scispace.com/papers/practical-limitations-in-optical-entanglement-purification-2rj5d7uqsj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-probability-of-obtaining-a-two-photon-state-normalized-buv2be6j.png FIG. 3. Probability of obtaining a two-photon state, normalized against post-selection success probability. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-f-against-f-for-the-entanglement-purification-protocol-2kvw6w9n.png FIG. 2. F against F for the entanglement purification protocol solid line , and F =F dashed line . The protocol improves state fidelity in the regime where F 1 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-layout-of-the-optical-entanglement-1qo9c6vl.png FIG. 1. Experimental layout of the optical entanglement purification protocol. A single purified state modes a3 and b3 is generated from two pairs with lower fidelity ̂1 and ̂2 . Parity measurements are implemented using the PBS’s followed by post-selection +/− on modes a4 and b4 in the diagonal/antidiagonal polarization basis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-worst-case-output-state-fidelity-for-given-upper-333hhxqg.png FIG. 4. Worst-case output state fidelity for given upper bounds on the magnitude of temporal mode mismatch in units of photon temporal bandwidth . https://scispace.com/papers/practical-method-for-optimal-rehabilitation-of-steel-frame-aatfwymmsh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-the-optimum-design-solutions-using-d62yn14d.png Table 2 Comparison of the optimum design solutions using MUDD, PSO and GA methods, nine-story frame. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-compares-the-objective-function-of-ga-and-pso-methods-2epanb1o.png Fig. 16 compares the objective function of GA and PSO methods for optimum design of the nine-story frame in different iterations. It is shown that, GA and PSO methods reached the optimum design solution after almost 8700 and 4200 iterations, respectively. While the results demonstrate the faster convergence of PSO compared to GA, both methods are too computationally expensive to be practical when compared with MUDD method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-shows-the-variation-of-the-dcr-of-all-stories-during-xsxv4vor.png Fig. 9 shows the variation of the DCR of all stories during the optimisation process using MUDD algorithm. As discussed before, the increase in the DCR of the first and second story in the fifth iteration is due to the changes in the columnp, of a few deformation-controlled columns. Fig. 10 illustrates the variation of the https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-optimum-design-solutions-using-ga-2iuiobmu.png Table 1 Comparison of the optimum design solutions using GA, PSO and MUDD optimisation methods, three-story frame. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-compares-the-distribution-of-dcrs-of-the-stories-for-j5zyz3ha.png Fig. 14 compares the distribution of DCRs of the stories for the three-story bare frame (before strengthening) with the frames optimised using different methods. While the initial structure did not satisfy the target performance-based design requirements, all three optimisation methods led to acceptable design solutions (i.e. DCRs <1). It is shown that GA, PSO and MUDD methods all led to the design solutions with uniform distribution of DCRs, where the maximum demand to capacity ratios of all stories reached the target value (i.e. DCR=0.995). This can verify the adequacy of the using the concept of uniform distribution of demands in obtaining the best design solutions using minimum structural weight. https://scispace.com/papers/practical-methods-to-reduce-impurities-for-gram-scale-227vhbvrju 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-alkaline-hydrolysis-reaction-transforming-the-1d9idqol.png Figure 1 – Alkaline hydrolysis reaction transforming the acetylated lactonic sophorolipid to the deacetylated acidic form of sophorolipids. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-typical-chromatogram-of-hydrolyzed-sl-peak-2pslqzx7.png Figure 5 – Typical chromatogram of hydrolyzed SL. Peak attribution is done in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-1h-nmr-spectra-of-the-sl-cooh-top-spectrum-1d9hpgkt.png Figure 8 – 1H NMR spectra of the SL-COOH (top spectrum) consecutively purified with silica gel and C18-modified silica (bottom spectrum). Spectra are normalized. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1h-nmr-spectrum-of-the-raw-compound-after-alcaline-3viw2cye.png Figure 2 – 1H NMR spectrum of the raw compound after alcaline hydrolysis. The 9-5 ppm region is specifically highlighted to show the effect of hydrolysis on the purity compound mixture before and after hydrolysis. Full black circle indicate the solvent resonances. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1h-nmr-spectrum-of-the-purified-sophorolipid-using-rk5k26sj.png Figure 4 – 1H NMR spectrum of the purified sophorolipid using the modified pentanol extraction method. The 9-5 ppm and 0-2.5 ppm regions are highlighted to show the loss of all impurities. The typical spectrum before purification is given on Figure 3 (bottom spectrum). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-1h-nmr-and-b-hplc-data-showing-the-effect-of-y34st4t3.png Figure 7 - a) 1H NMR and b) HPLC data showing the effect of increasing amounts of C18-modified silica (given on the figure) on the adsorption of the hydrophilic impurities from the hydrolyzed form of sophorolipids. Sophorolipid concentration is about 90 mg/mL, while the volume of the solution is 10 mL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-1h-nmr-and-b-hplc-data-showing-the-effect-of-1pzw2jms.png Figure 6 – a) 1H NMR and b) HPLC data showing the effect of increasing amounts of silica gel (given on the figure) on the adsorption of the hydrophilic impurities from the hydrolyzed form of sophorolipids. Sophorolipid concentration is 50 mg/mL, while the volume of the solution is 10 mL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1h-nmr-spectra-showing-the-effects-of-the-pentanol-36hsm29e.png Figure 3 – 1H NMR spectra showing the effects of the pentanol extraction process on the hydrolyzed sophorolipid. The top spectrum shows the effect of Soxhlet extraction on the pentanol-washed compound. The arrows indicate the impurities related to acetic acid and fatty acids. https://scispace.com/papers/practical-multi-resolution-source-coding-tsvq-revisited-2h0najwymn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sqnr-vs-rate-results-for-xed-rate-multi-resolution-2839glof.png Figure 1: SQNR vs. rate results for xed-rate multi-resolution VQ using the weighted performance measure (dashed lines) and non-embedded VQ (circles) and TSVQ (solid line). https://scispace.com/papers/practice-based-reflections-of-enabling-agency-through-arts-4kxcnq82hk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-image-from-jones-and-woglom-2013-p-173-ive-faced-a-3u587g49.png Figure 1. Image from Jones and Woglom (2013, p. 173) “I’ve faced a similar problem of considering quoting from graphica pieces and not wanting to just quote the “words” from the piece, but include the images themselves . . . I think if we just start doing this in our work it will become acceptable practice. Quoting the words seems at best insufficient and at worst, a misrepresentation of the source we quote. Good luck! I would love to see what you create” (personal communication Stephanie Jones, April 10, 2017). https://scispace.com/papers/practically-self-stabilizing-paxos-replicated-state-machine-5eta7863vc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scenario-r-s-v-t-b-v-t-p-in-z-f-l-s-time-flows-31bvbfv4.png Fig. 2. Scenario (ρ,S,v, t) (β ,v, t, p) in Z(F,λ ,σ) - Time flows downward, straight lines are local executions, curves are send/receive events, arrows represent messages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-composition-of-scenarios-time-flows-downward-straight-3egr94h6.png Fig. 1. Composition of scenarios - Time flows downward, straight lines are local executions, arrows represent messages. https://scispace.com/papers/practices-and-processes-of-leading-high-performance-home-2tz3k485lc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-customary-building-systems-of-the-participating-1m04bgba.png Table 1. Customary Building Systems of the Participating Builders https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-prototype-building-configuration-and-location-1p9yhta6.png Table 3. Prototype Building Configuration and Location https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-annual-energy-use-comparison-b10-benchmark-to-beopt-2bj0dhd3.png Table 4. Annual Energy Use Comparison B10 Benchmark to BEopt and Rem/Rate (MBtu/yr) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-performance-standards-comparison-ojytlgs4.png Table 5. Performance Standards Comparison https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-builder-characteristics-and-key-business-practices-1ryhiy32.png Table 2. Builder Characteristics and Key Business Practices https://scispace.com/papers/practice-oriented-estimation-of-the-seismic-demand-hazard-2o366if8kl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-interpolation-and-extrapolation-of-the-edp-im-1ucyse21.png Figure 2. Interpolation and extrapolation of the EDP|IM relationship between IM levels at which seismic response analyses are performed: (a) the lognormal mean and (b) the lognormal standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-d-comparison-between-the-case-study-seismic-2zehdn8b.png Figure 5. (a–d) Comparison between the case study seismic response analysis results, the exact piecewise variation in distribution parameters based on all 11 IM levels and the approximate variation in distribution parameters based on three IM levels. In each subpanel, the parametric distribution is illustrated via the median and 16th and 84th percentiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figures-7-and-8-illustrate-the-error-ratios-in-the-2hji99tw.png Figures 7 and 8 illustrate the error ratios in the computation of the demand hazard for two different EDPs. Figure 9 illustrates the error ratios in the demand hazard as a function of exceedance rate, for all four EDPs considered in the case study structure. With a total of six conditioning IMs, the consideration of four EDPs gives a total of 24 error ratios per exceedance rate. The mean values, 16th and 84th percentiles of the error ratios, based on the use of two of three IM levels, are also given in the respective figures. For comparative purposes, the exceedance rates of the IM levels in https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-error-ratios-in-the-computed-seismic-demand-hazard-r861fpvh.png Figure 9. Error ratios in the computed seismic demand hazard for all 24 EDP and conditioning IM combinations of the case study results: (a) using two IM levels and (b) using three IM levels. The range and 16th and 84th percentiles of the exact results based on considering seismic response analyses at 11 IM levels [12] are also shown for reference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-illustration-of-the-calculation-of-the-16hxsqn3.png Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the calculation of the seismic demand hazard: (a) ground motion intensity measure (IM) hazard, lIM(im); (b) distribution of seismic demand conditional on various intensity measure values, fEDP|IM(edp|im); and (c) the computed seismic demand hazard, lEDP(edp). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-illustrates-the-estimation-of-the-seismic-demand-3lueyisu.png Figure 8 illustrates the estimation of the seismic demand hazard, and associated error ratios, for peak pile curvature, fp, and peak deck acceleration, aD, based on using seismic response analyses at three IM levels (corresponding to 50%, 10% and 2% exceedance in 50 years). By comparing Figures 7 and 8, it is immediately apparent that the inclusion of the third IM level, corresponding to 50% exceedance in 50 years, results in a significant increase in the accuracy of the computed demand hazard at frequent exceedance rates. In addition, as a result of adding a third IM level, there is also a reduction in the error ratios at exceedance rates corresponding to the remaining two IM levels, with error ratios at these levels now generally within [0.8, 1.2] (in contrast to an error ratio range of [0.7, 1.3] from using only two IM levels as given in Figure 7). It can be seen in Figure 8(b, d) that https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-illustration-of-the-computed-seismic-demand-hazard-18x3xt0t.png Figure 8 illustrates the estimation of the seismic demand hazard, and associated error ratios, for peak pile curvature, fp, and peak deck acceleration, aD, based on using seismic response analyses at three IM levels (corresponding to 50%, 10% and 2% exceedance in 50 years). By comparing Figures 7 and 8, it is immediately apparent that the inclusion of the third IM level, corresponding to 50% exceedance in 50 years, results in a significant increase in the accuracy of the computed demand hazard at frequent exceedance rates. In addition, as a result of adding a third IM level, there is also a reduction in the error ratios at exceedance rates corresponding to the remaining two IM levels, with error ratios at these levels now generally within [0.8, 1.2] (in contrast to an error ratio range of [0.7, 1.3] from using only two IM levels as given in Figure 7). It can be seen in Figure 8(b, d) that https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-illustration-of-the-computed-seismic-demand-hazard-1qdnxo6y.png Figures 7 and 8 illustrate the error ratios in the computation of the demand hazard for two different EDPs. Figure 9 illustrates the error ratios in the demand hazard as a function of exceedance rate, for all four EDPs considered in the case study structure. With a total of six conditioning IMs, the consideration of four EDPs gives a total of 24 error ratios per exceedance rate. The mean values, 16th and 84th percentiles of the error ratios, based on the use of two of three IM levels, are also given in the respective figures. For comparative purposes, the exceedance rates of the IM levels in https://scispace.com/papers/practice-of-namaste-care-for-people-living-with-dementia-in-ixbumpizl2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-telephone-interview-participants-3kxqr8dy.png Table 2: Summary of telephone interview participants (including 3 participating in Round Table Event) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-namaste-care-intervention-uk-3o20r3ll.png Table 3: The Namaste Care Intervention UK https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-online-survey-respondent-numbers-240y4car.png Table 1: Summary of the online survey respondent numbers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-activities-to-explore-current-uk-2cpwi3f0.png Figure 1: Overview of activities to explore current UK practice of Namaste Care and development of the optimal UK Namaste Care intervention https://scispace.com/papers/practices-of-attention-possibilities-for-care-making-1v21emkea0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-leonard-uses-readings-of-bacterial-content-on-a-331y3h50.png Figure 2. Leonard uses readings of bacterial content on a chopping board to advise a chef on correct disinfectant technique. Source: Authors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-maria-inspects-carcasses-prior-to-evisceration-1a4gvtuw.png Figure 1. Maria inspects carcasses prior to evisceration. Source: Authors. https://scispace.com/papers/practices-of-responsible-research-and-innovation-a-review-eoi3345wkt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-steps-towards-inclusion-with-the-number-of-included-tj2jjugh.png Table 1 Steps towards inclusion with the number of included publications Steps Number of included publications https://scispace.com/papers/practicing-domain-specific-languages-from-code-to-models-2pi7tey47c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-modeling-a-concrete-syntax-using-mps-47u8u9gv.png Figure 6: Modeling a concrete syntax using MPS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-arduino-board-and-electronic-breadboard-tmvhg3ui.png Figure 1: Arduino board and electronic breadboard https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-using-a-pre-built-shield-on-top-of-an-arduino-board-30mti49j.png Figure 2: Using a pre-built shield on top of an Arduino board https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-minimal-fsm-meta-model-crogxlkn.png Figure 3: Minimal FSM meta-model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-minimal-reactive-meta-model-1eo8f2a2.png Figure 4: Minimal reactive meta-model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-lustre-compilation-chain-for-arduino-2ds46jec.png Figure 5: Lustre Compilation chain for Arduino https://scispace.com/papers/practising-online-with-your-peers-the-role-of-text-chat-for-1td38fk7ie 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gives-the-descriptive-statistics-for-the-use-of-2j4hfxl7.png Table 1 gives the descriptive statistics for the use of model structures copied from the task sheet. Accordingly, participants employed around two models (even though the instruction asked for five). The standard deviations as well as the minimum/maximum scores reveal substantial individual differences, i.e., some students did not use any model sentence at all while others used more than instructed (6). The target structure groups differed such that the subordinate group demonstrates a decline, the infinitive group a steady growth from below to more than two instances of model sentence use over tasks. The total number of model structures copied from the task sheet was just above 80 instances (out of 490 total turns). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-353r67ax.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-task-perception-frequency-of-rating-n-18-3ui2ngeo.png Figure 3 Task perception – frequency of rating (N=18) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-design-and-procedure-15keu12f.png Figure 2 Design and procedure https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-descriptives-on-task-motivation-and-task-perception-1682o623.png Table 6 Descriptives on task motivation and task perception (1= strongly disagree – 5 = strongly agree) for all participants (N=18) https://scispace.com/papers/practise-what-you-preach-the-interactive-whiteboard-in-bszw0gmrn5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-role-play-16k1ufdc.png Figure 1. Role play https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-matching-numbers-with-the-correct-pictures-xlf71pa0.png Figure 4. Matching numbers with the correct pictures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-classifying-objects-using-the-artefacts-first-cq42g9ad.png Figure 3: Classifying objects using the artefact’s first letter https://scispace.com/papers/prairie-dog-engineering-indirectly-affects-beetle-movement-3ez3j3156l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representative-beetle-pathways-on-the-1996-grassland-gp98pgdg.png Fig. 1. Representative beetle pathways on the 1996 grassland (upper path), and prairie dog town. Both paths were marked over an 8min 20 s time period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-beetle-movement-attributes-error-bars-are71-s-e-of-the-2ilicwun.png Fig. 2. Beetle movement attributes. Error bars are71 S.E. of the mean and letters above the bars indicate significant differences. Black bars represent prairie dog habitat. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-beetle-macrohabitat-selection-for-prairie-dog-towns-2lew9rxy.png Fig. 6. Beetle macrohabitat selection for prairie dog towns compared to grassland habitats with a combined probabilities p ¼ 0:001: Black bars represent prairie dog habitat. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-beetle-movement-attributes-correlated-with-1w8mqbxb.png Fig. 3. Mean beetle movement attributes correlated with landscape structure. Error bars are 71 S.E. of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-microhabitat-transitions-and-beetle-movement-19xikqts.png Fig. 4. Microhabitat transitions and beetle movement attributes when the beetle moved from a grass patch to bare ground. Error bars are 71 S.E. of the mean. Black bars represent prairie dog habitat. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-beetle-microhabitat-selection-for-bare-ground-over-1k4x3zdt.png Fig. 5. Beetle microhabitat selection for bare ground over grass when moving versus the availability of bare ground. All binomial test po0:000: No tests were done on the 1998 prairie dog town because the entire area was 100% bare ground, thus no choice was available on this plot. Numbers above bars are the total number of beetle locations on that habitat. Black bars represent bare ground use and white bars represent bare ground availability. PD=prairie dog, GR=grassland, and numbers=year. https://scispace.com/papers/prato-the-social-construction-of-an-industrial-city-facing-3bc486pbve 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spatial-distribution-of-socioeconomic-disease-u0lo227i.png Fig. 4 Spatial distribution of socioeconomic disease (deprivation index, 2011). [Notes (1) the index used is that created by Caranci et al. (2010), applied to data from the 2011 Census of Population and Housing; (2) it is a sum of the frequencies of five variables, namely low level of education, unemployment, one-parent family, and home rental and home overcrowding; (3) a higher value indicates higher deprivation. Source Statistical Office of the Municipality of Prato (2015, pp. 8, 11)] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spatial-distribution-of-textile-and-apparel-firms-1ix66kq0.png Fig. 3 Spatial distribution of textile and apparel firms. (Source Municipality of Prato, GeoServer Web Map Service) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-map-of-thematizations-of-the-chinese-question-source-2vtkrbsv.png Fig. 10 Map of thematizations of the ‘Chinese question’ Source authors’ processing of the texts of selected articles retrieved from YouTube on April 10th, 2020. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-word-cloud-of-the-most-frequently-used-keywords-in-386beb4a.png Fig. 5 Word cloud of the most frequently used keywords in journal articles. Note: based on a word frequency query limited to words with a minimum length of 3 characters and stemmed words. (Source authors’ processing of the texts of selected articles retrieved from WoS on February 23rd, 2020) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-metropolitan-area-of-pistoia-prato-florence-3st9uj4q.png Fig. 1 Map of the metropolitan area of Pistoia-Prato-Florence. (Source OpenStreetMaps (https:// www.openstreetmap.org/); image retrieved on May 18th, 2020.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-the-selected-videos-source-retrieved-from-2rsq5ilf.png Table 1 List of the selected videos. Source: retrieved from YouTube on April 10th, 2020 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-map-of-thematic-patterns-source-authors-processing-of-1a0sp417.png Fig. 6 Map of thematic patterns. (Source: authors’ processing of the texts of selected articles retrieved from WoS on February 23rd, 2020) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-aerial-photos-of-the-city-of-prato-in-1978-and-2016-h092j86o.png Fig. 2 Aerial photos of the city of Prato, in 1978 and 2016. (Source Municipality of Prato, GeoServer Web Map Service) https://scispace.com/papers/prayer-spaces-in-schools-a-subversion-of-policy-4nfsjzl27i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-from-questionnaire-qc9mb6sy.png Table 1: Data from questionnaire https://scispace.com/papers/pre-calculated-lcis-with-uncertainties-revisited-1msude2qva 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-a-comparison-between-pre-calculated-lcis-of-a-and-34sgtdh0.png Figure 1. (a) A comparison between pre-calculated LCIs of A and B. Oval background indicates the boundary of fully dependent sampling. (b) Boxplot displaying the range of an elementary flow using precalculated GSDs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparative-lca-involving-two-processes-a-and-b-95krnie8.png Figure 4. Comparative LCA involving two processes, A and B, which are drawn from an LCI database. (a) Partially independent sampling (III+IPI), (b) dependent sampling within each product system, independent sampling between product systems (IID+IPI), and (c) fully dependent sampling (IID+IPD). Oval background indicates the boundary of fully dependent sampling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-histogram-of-the-ratio-3ipt5pb9.png Figure 3: Histogram of the ratio, . https://scispace.com/papers/pre-drinking-and-alcohol-related-harm-in-undergraduates-the-1aon5he0i3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlations-between-study-variables-3dy0vr2z.png Table 1 Correlations between study variables. https://scispace.com/papers/pre-feasibility-analysis-of-pellet-manufacturing-on-the-3fhiqb1xi3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-29-bagged-pellets-and-stacker-13hjpreu.png Figure 29. Bagged pellets and stacker https://scispace.com/figures/figure-42-relationship-between-distribution-of-pellet-price-2ugj5fth.png Figure 42. Relationship between distribution of pellet price escalation and return on investment— Scenario 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-active-wood-mills-in-maine-hns3tys4.png Figure 12. Active wood mills in Maine https://scispace.com/figures/figure-37-estimated-range-of-return-on-investment-for-1-2-t-ztt76jev.png Figure 37. Estimated range of return on investment for 1.2 t/h pellet facility https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-economic-analysis-of-pellet-facility-scenario-1-2slle4ul.png Table 8. Economic Analysis of Pellet Facility, Scenario 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-economic-analysis-of-pellet-facility-scenario-2-1f9jqbwc.png Table 9. Economic Analysis of Pellet Facility, Scenario 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-pre-grinder-169yb29g.png Figure 17. Pre-grinder https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-silo-for-sawdust-lo7z94di.png Figure 18. Silo for sawdust https://scispace.com/papers/pre-flight-characteristics-of-hecht-vaults-3au7rzbjdq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-single-variable-linear-regressions-indicates-p-0-05-1h98nzag.png Table 5. Single variable linear regressions [* indicates p < 0.05] https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-horizontal-and-vertical-velocities-of-the-mass-2cbd7wzb.png Table 3. Horizontal and vertical velocities of the mass centre [m.s-1] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variables-used-in-regression-q8j73ygx.png Table 1. Variables used in regression https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-conditions-just-before-and-after-contact-with-the-2cc11m1e.png Fig. 1. Mean conditions just before and after contact with the horse in (a) the Hecht (present study) and (b) the handspring somersault (Takei and Kim, 1990). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-correlations-between-individual-performance-1i562eva.png Table 6. Correlations between individual performance variables and score [* indicates p < 0.05] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-times-of-takeoff-contact-and-landing-using-the-1a0xioh5.png Table 2. Times of takeoff, contact and landing using the different data types [s] https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-values-of-preflight-and-postflight-variables-2tun8pt7.png Table 4. Mean values of preflight and postflight variables https://scispace.com/papers/pre-hospital-transdermal-glyceryl-trinitrate-in-patients-22vldzg31f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2b0cs7w0.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2dl0ar7a.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/pre-freeze-mortality-in-three-species-of-aphids-from-sub-24lhdtoggk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relationship-between-scp-pfe-and-lt50-1kanphta.png Table 3 Relationship between SCP, PFE and LT50. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-probit-analysis-relating-survival-to-temperature-3jxlgedx.png Table 2 Probit analysis relating survival to temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-survival-curves-showing-goodness-of-fit-for-field-2z7d7g7x.png Fig. 8. Survival curves showing goodness-of-fit for field fresh aphids: (a) M. ascalonicus and (b) R. padi. Experimental data points (K); fitted curve (’). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-survival-curves-probit-analysis-for-m-ascalonicus-2ueexhn8.png Fig. 7. Survival curves (probit analysis) for M. ascalonicus after acclimation at different temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-cumulative-distribution-of-scps-pfes-o-survival-d-and-1tc3gewz.png Fig. 9. Cumulative distribution of SCPs (&), PFEs (o), survival (D), and the calculated survival curve (K) (probit analysis) for field fresh M. ascalonicus in relation to temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-medians-with-bootstrap-standard-errors-2djlmesj.png Table 1 Sample medians with bootstrap standard errors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-collection-sites-on-marion-island-and-location-of-220fmtpg.png Fig. 1. Collection sites on Marion Island and location of Marion Island. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-example-thermogram-showing-the-sc-zlv5zkvp.png Fig. 3. An example thermogram showing the SC https://scispace.com/papers/pre-inoculation-with-arbuscular-mycorrhizal-fungi-suppresses-3hr7ee49ik 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-infection-and-reproduction-of-meloidogyne-incognita-3dvntz3d.png Table 3 Infection and reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-elemental-concentrations-in-shoots-of-mycorrhizal-2dkz8ew1.png Table 2 Elemental concentrations in shoots of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal cucumber with or without M. incognita https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-shoot-length-shoot-dry-weight-root-fresh-weight-and-17sgp4y6.png Table 1 Shoot length, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight and root length of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal cucumber plants inoculated with or without Mi https://scispace.com/papers/pre-mortem-interventions-for-donation-after-circulatory-3mvyypz1qw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-topic-guide-1fgrt5w1.png Table 2: Topic Guide https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hierarchy-of-consent-in-organ-donation-ukdec-page-17-1h2x39iw.png Table 1: Hierarchy of Consent in Organ Donation (UKDEC, page 17) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-participant-characteristics-and-interviews-3cbzrdjq.png Table 3: Participant Characteristics and Interviews https://scispace.com/papers/pre-service-teachers-interpretation-of-cbm-progress-1r2xkz371e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-by-group-and-time-1vrzse0t.png TABLE 1 Descriptive Statistics by Group and Time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cbm-progress-monitoring-graph-2-used-for-think-368vl4ob.png FIGURE 2 CBM progress monitoring graph 2 used for think aloud. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cbm-progress-monitoring-graph-1-used-for-think-1vl2usov.png FIGURE 1 CBM progress monitoring graph 1 used for think aloud. https://scispace.com/papers/pre-treatment-of-lignocellulosic-feedstocks-using-35raqpeu1s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-high-alcohol-biomass-pre-treatments-15gxds13.png Table 1 Results of high alcohol biomass pre-treatments. Conditions: 10 mL/g loading, 0.2 M HCl, 95:5 ROH/H2O, 6 hours; *average of 3 repeat extractions; a reaction run in a sealed system https://scispace.com/papers/pre-treatments-to-enhance-the-biodegradability-of-waste-1yw7pk6gzg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-qualitative-assessment-of-the-effect-of-different-1jugscai.png Table 14 Qualitative assessment of the effect of different pre-treatments on the sludge characteristics regarding degradability and economic feasibility. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-c-1-effect-of-oxidant-doses-in-the-biogas-production-9u1d3hyw.png Fig. C.1. Effect of oxidant doses in the biogas production. Letters refer to entries in Table 12. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-effect-of-ultrasounds-application-in-cell-disruption-1fyuxqtn.png Table 7 Effect of ultrasounds application in cell disruption. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-oxidant-doses-in-the-biogas-production-2anynjn0.png Fig. 2. Effect of oxidant doses in the biogas production. Letters refer to entries in Table 11. This graph is shown in Appendix C, using mmol of oxidant/gTS in the x-axis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-effects-on-the-biodegradation-of-was-after-acid-pre-q2a9y92c.png Table 11 Effects on the biodegradation of WAS after acid pre-treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effects-on-the-biodegradation-of-was-after-thermal-2cfijkjf.png Table 4 Effects on the biodegradation of WAS after thermal pre-treatment ≥100 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-change-in-biodegradation-and-cod-solubilization-due-to-mol94ss9.png Fig. 1. Change in biodegradation and COD solubilization due to thermal pretreatment above 100 °C. Letters refer to entries in Table 4. https://scispace.com/papers/preaching-water-but-drinking-wine-relative-performance-3xlzov9dhw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-wfyauhhn.png Table 3 Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pearson-correlation-coefficients-26yekjgy.png Table 2 Pearson correlation coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-pearson-correlation-coefficients-with-value-weighted-bk09trry.png Table 9 Pearson correlation coefficients with value-weighted peer groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-list-of-non-us-global-systemically-important-banks-vcut2rg7.png Table 13 List of non-US global systemically important banks (G-SIBs), 2011–2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-frequency-by-year-sic-level-and-country-nbzr3rhl.png Table 1 Sample frequency by year, SIC level, and country https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regressions-estimating-the-sensitivity-of-ceo-2jlkie9t.png Table 4 Regressions estimating the sensitivity of CEO compensation to RPE https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-regressions-estimating-the-sensitivity-of-ceo-1dbjenbs.png Table 8 Regressions estimating the sensitivity of CEO compensation to RPE with regional peer groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-pearson-correlation-coefficients-without-the-years-joeks7oy.png Table 16 Pearson correlation coefficients without the years 2007 and 2008 https://scispace.com/papers/precipitation-mechanisms-of-mesoporous-nanoparticle-2s9cd7wfhn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mechanisms-of-amorphous-precipitation-parametrized-for-1k6tdaix.png FIG. 4. Mechanisms of amorphous precipitation parametrized for mesoporous cement hydrates: (a) layered, (b) gel-like, and (c) Avrami. The inset in (b) shows the box size effect on the gel-like mechanism with constant β. The BNG result from ref.38 are shown to favour comparisons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mesh-effect-on-a-3d-system-similar-to-those-that-we-2uo4ldxy.png FIG. 6. Mesh effect on a 3D system similar to those that we used in the manuscript. The particle diameter is 10 nm. t300 is the time to form 300 particles, viz. 3 layers since the substrate surface is made of 10 × 10 particles. The trial particle lattice is cubic, with linear size corresponding to the lattice spacing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-simulation-box-containing-implicit-solution-not-ubjqsln6.png FIG. 1. (a) Simulation box containing implicit solution (not shown), insoluble substrate (grey) and several particles (orange) that interact via a distance-dependent potential ∆U(r). (b) Same configuration with trial particles (yellow) that can move locally within their Vc and interact with existing particles but not with each other. (c) Molecular process behind nanoparticle formation: n molecular units of solid form radially via chemical reactions that change the chemo-mechanical equilibrium free energy of the system ∆Geq and have an associated activation energy made of two contributions: ∆Ga,0, which depends on the chemical reaction and on the solution chemistry, and a fraction χ of ∆Geq (more details in the text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mesh-effect-on-a-1d-system-array-of-nanoparticles-3epb7wgg.png FIG. 5. Mesh effect on a 1D system: array of nanoparticles forming from an implicit medium. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-substrate-particle-and-particle-particle-1r700q1z.png FIG. 2. Effect of substrate-particle and particle-particle interactions on the precipitation of ordered domains. The size of the cubic simulation boxes explored are between 203 and 503 particle diameters. Snapshots created with OVITO34. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-temporal-evolution-of-the-supersaturation-of-a-2fymniur.png FIG. 3. (a) Temporal evolution of the supersaturation of a cement solution with respect to the precipitation of mesoporous cement hydrates.38 (b) Comparison of simulated precipitation rates for time-dependent and constant β43 with BNG result from ref38. (c) Our simulated BNG mechanism of precipitation: dark blue areas within the precipitated domains indicate local compressive virial stress; the rest is under tension. https://scispace.com/papers/precise-and-automatic-patient-positioning-in-computed-ofv78kyris 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-3d-camera-arrow-is-placed-above-the-ct-table-a-24adhtvb.png FIGURE 1. The 3D camera (arrow) is placed above the CT table (A). Three-dimensional surface image of a patient obtainedwith the 3Ddepth camera (B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-representative-examples-of-2-patients-who-underwent-2wkxv51x.png FIGURE 4. Representative examples of 2 patients who underwent chest (A and B) and abdomen (C and D) CT with manual (A and C) and automatic (B and D) patient positioning. For each patient, the ground truth table height as a function of reconstructed slice number along the z-axis (dash green), the averaged ground truth (solid green), and the actual image acquisition table height (red) are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-patient-vertical-center-as-the-function-of-1vxo3tdq.png FIGURE 3. The patient vertical center, as the function of reconstructed slice number (dash line) and the average value (solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-surface-of-a-patient-red-extracted-by-the-3dx2whnc.png FIGURE 2. The surface of a patient (red) extracted by the software tool (A). The definition of the patient vertical center defined for each slice as themiddle position between the highest and the lowest point of the extracted skin surface (B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-absolute-values-of-vertical-offset-for-chest-a-and-2jtsw62c.png FIGURE 5. Absolute values of vertical offset for chest (A) and abdomen (B) CT with manual patient positioning as a function of patient size. The red dots correspond to patients with an effective diameter greater than30 cm and an offset greater than 20 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/precise-measurements-of-torque-in-von-karman-swirling-flow-46jcs2w6ee 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-color-online-the-average-torque-g0-as-a-function-1066molc.png Figure 16: (Color online) The average torque ⟨Γ0⟩ as a function of angular velocity Ω in a wide range of its variations down to ≃ 1.5 rad/s for water-glycerin solutions in a wide range of w/w glycerin concentrations and temperature T = 24◦C for the second setup with a single rotating bladed disk and a high precision torque meter. Inset: the same data at higher resolution at low Ω. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-color-online-friction-coefficient-cf-versus-re-for-1zgxqvu8.png Figure 17: (Color online) Friction coefficient Cf versus Re for water-glycerine solutions in a wide range of w/w glycerin concentrations and temperature T = 24◦C for the second setup with a single rotating bladed disk and a high precision torque meter. Inset: Turbulent intensity Γrms/⟨Γ⟩ versus Re for the same water-glycerine solutions and in the same setup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-color-online-normalized-pressure-fluctuations-cp-14uq3kgp.png Figure 10: (Color online) Normalized pressure fluctuations Cp versus Re for three water-glycerine solutions and various temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-color-online-turbulent-intensity-grms-g-versus-re-1qtvgn81.png Figure 9: (Color online) Turbulent intensity Γrms/⟨Γ⟩ versus Re for water-glycerine solutions in a wide range of w/w glycerin concentrations from 0% till 99% and various temperatures for the first setup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-color-online-dependence-of-two-components-of-26t69ux0.png Figure 11: (Color online) Dependence of two components of average ⟨Vx⟩, ⟨Vy⟩ and rms fluctuation V rmsx , V rmsy velocities on Re for 4 water-glycerin solutions for the first setup:(a) 30% w/w glycerin at 15 ◦C; (b) 60% w/w glycerin at 17 ◦C; (c) 93% w/w glycerin at 30 ◦C; (d) 93% w/w glycerin at 15 ◦C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-color-online-the-average-torque-g-as-a-function-of-2ogc7zlg.png Figure 12: (Color online) The average torque ⟨Γ⟩ as a function of angular velocity Ω in a wide range of its variations down to ≃ 1.2 rad/s for water-glycerin solutions in a wide range of w/w glycerin concentrations and various temperatures for the first setup but with a high precision torque meter. Inset: the same data at higher resolution at low Ω. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-very-long-time-series-of-torque-g-t-after-189hi4dh.png Figure 4: (a) Very long time series of torque Γ(t) after switching from f = 13 rpm and T = 42◦ to f = 26 rpm and T = 24◦ for water-glycerin solution with 60% w/w glycerin. (b) Time series of Γ(t) and temperature T at f = 240 rpm (Re = 1.1× 105) for water-glycerin solution with 20% w/w glycerine at T ≃ 21◦. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-color-online-the-average-torque-g0-as-a-function-of-3mqgjmhb.png Figure 3: (Color online) The average torque ⟨Γ0⟩ as a function of rotation frequency f in a wide range of its variations down to 1 rpm for water-glycerin solutions in a wide range of w/w glycerin concentrations from 0% till 99% and various temperatures for the first setup with two counterrotating bladed disks. Inset: the same data at higher resolution at low f . https://scispace.com/papers/precise-design-of-drill-structure-based-on-cutting-force-34enlomk6q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-relationship-between-edge-force-coefficient-and-185bd6ev.png Fig. 12 The relationship between edge force coefficient and cutting parameters The relationship model between k1/k2 and processing parameters was obtained by regression analysis (see formula (14)). In the case of given a specific DPA drill, the value of k1/k2 is calculated according to the prediction model. Then, compared it with sinα/sinα1, the appropriate range of processing parameters can be selected. https://scispace.com/papers/precise-measures-of-orbital-period-before-and-after-nova-45320e1np2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-qz-aur-best-fit-ephemerides-rrh4ix9n.png Table 4. QZ Aur best fit ephemerides https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-light-curve-for-qz-aur-at-maximum-light-2yk1banq.png Table 5. Light curve for QZ Aur at maximum light https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-o-c-curve-for-post-eruption-eclipse-times-the-o-c-1er3dze9.png Figure 1. O − C curve for post-eruption eclipse times. The O − C values are the deviations between the observed eclipse times (from Table 3) and the eclipse times predicted by a linear model (see Eq. 1). We see that the nova in quiescence certainly has a downward facing curvature (i.e., ÛP is negative). The parabola curve shows the best fit model O−C from the overall joint fit (see Section 6). (If only the post-eruption eclipse times are fit, then the curvature is slightly larger as the fit seeks to match the eclipse times from around 1975.) This parabolic model can be extrapolated back to early 1964 at the start of the nova eruption, and this predicted time could provide an accurate epoch that might serve as endpoint on the pre-eruption best fit model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-post-eruption-phased-light-curve-these-51-post-ful0h6r0.png Figure 2. Post-eruption phased light curve. These 51 post-eruption magnitudes (from Table 1) are almost all from 1967–1990, and are almost all from archival photographic plates. Each magnitude is plotted twice, once with the phase from 0.0–1.0, and a second time with phase-plus-1.0, to allow the eclipse to be viewed unbroken in the middle of the plot. This plot is constructed with phases from the best joint fit (see Section 6), although the plot is essentially identical if we use the best fit from the post-eruption eclipse times alone. The total one-sigma photometric uncertainty is 0.18 mag, as taken from the RMS scatter for the points with phase from 0.1 to 0.9. What we see is that the many in-eclipse magnitudes are tightly clustered around 1.0, and the many at-maximum magnitudes are spread throughout all phases except for a visible gap during the eclipse. This is all as it should be, for the confidently known eclipse period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-folded-light-curve-for-60-pre-eruption-magnitudes-b9slivn9.png Figure 4. Folded light curve for 60 pre-eruption magnitudes. The phase for this plot was taken as the values for the joint best fit. (The best fit with solely pre-eruption data gives essentially the identical plot.) Four of the magnitudes are upper limits, as represented by triangles. Each magnitude is plotted twice, once for the phase in the range 0.0–1.0, and a second time for phase+1.0, so that we can well see the eclipse around phase 1.0 with no break. We see that the eclipse plates are tightly clustered around phase 1.00, while there is a gap in the at-maximum magnitudes over exactly the phase range of the eclipse. In particular, from phase 0.953–1.046 (as defined by the thin vertical lines), there are zero at-maximum magnitudes and four in-eclipse magnitudes. With 55 at-maximum magnitudes, we would expect 5 inside the gap if the folding period were wrong, whereas zero are seen. Visually, we see a classic eclipsing binary light curve, for which the period is confidently identified. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-periodogram-for-the-60-pre-eruption-magnitudes-we-3ectry03.png Figure 3. Periodogram for the 60 pre-eruption magnitudes. We see a high and isolated peak at Ppre=0.35760076 days, with a peak F value of 60.6. We also see an approximately-regularly-spaced alias structure (with F from 10 to 29.9) formed when the eclipse times beat with each other. This search goes from -1400 ppm to +4200 ppm changes, and so all physically plausible values of ∆P/P have been tested. This plot shows that we have an unique, accurate, and robust measure of Ppre . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-o-c-curve-for-1952-2016-this-plot-is-the-same-as-2nzub5s3.png Figure 5. O − C curve for 1952–2016. This plot is the same as for Figure 1, except that it is extended back in time to include the pre-eruption eclipses from Table 3. The date of the eruption is indicated with the thin vertical line. The error bars are all much smaller than the size of each point. The cycle count for the pre-eruption eclipse times have been confidently determined by the three methods in Section 5. Further, the cycle count is confirmed by the many pre-eruption plates where they avoid the line, making a gap in the phased light curve near the zero-phase of mid-eclipse (see Figure 4). The point of this plot is to show the sharp break, and that the break is downward, so that the ∆P value is large and negative. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-long-term-light-curve-of-qz-aur-in-quiescence-we-2navudg6.png Figure 6. Long-term light curve of QZ Aur in quiescence. We have selected just the magnitudes out of eclipse and away from eruption, then binned them together. This gives the behavior in quiescence, which can be compared directly to theoretical predictions. Away from the 1964 eruption, QZ Aur is consistent with being constant near B=17.14 mag from 1925–1981, with this plus the eruption depicted by the solid curve. Before 1925, the single upper limit from Harvard (itself with an uncertainty of 0.18 mag) suggests, but does not require, that QZ Aur was fainter in the 1910s. Around both 1988–1990 and 2009–2014, we have a situation where the brightness appears to be variable from 17.1–18.0 mag. The uncertain nature of the dimmings below the B=17.14 level are illustrated with dotted lines showing possible cases. We are confident in the photometry, to within the quoted error bars, so QZ Aur is apparently fast changing. This can be viewed as the average trend falling below the pre-eruption level. Or this might be QZ Aur continuing at the pre-eruption level with frequent dips by half-a-magnitude after 1981. In either case, QZ Aur after 1981 is significantly fainter on average than the pre-eruption level. https://scispace.com/papers/precise-optical-probing-of-perceptual-detection-3b2ceuo6bx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-behavioral-detection-of-cellular-level-rggqrroi.png Figure 2. Behavioral detection of cellular-level photostimulation. A. Schematic of cellular photostimulation detection experiment. A head-fixed mouse with a chronically implanted window above the olfactory bulb is positioned in front of a lickspout and pressure sensor to monitor respiration (sniff). Neurons were stimulated with either 1-photon blue light (473 nm) generated by a diode laser, or the 2P holographic system. B. Trial structure for detection experiment. C. Left, neurons in the mitral cell layer (MTCs and GCs) coexpressing ChrimsonR-tdTomato (red) and GCaMP6s (green). Thirty neurons were targeted for simultaneous photostimulation (white circles). Right, outcomes for responses to the “go” and “no-go” stimuli. Red circles indicate stimulation of a particular cell, while empty circles indicate no stimulation. D. Detection performance in a representative training sequence. Mice were first trained to detect 1-photon photostimulation with decreasing energy from session to session (top, blue background) (mean ± 95% confidence intervals, n=1 mouse). Power and duration of 1-photon photostimulation (bottom, blue background). Then, mice were trained to detect 2P photostimulation of the same 30 targeted cells in each session (pink background) (mean ± 95% confidence intervals, n=1 mouse, 0.06 mW/µm2 intensity). E. Bottom, example detection accuracy for 2P photostimulation as a function of the number of targeted neurons, fit with a psychometric function (mean ± 95% confidence intervals, 60 trials per data point, n=1 mouse, 0.06 mW/µm2 intensity). Top, schematic of target stimuli used in experiment. F. Detection accuracy and threshold estimates across mice (60 trials/data point, mice 1 and 2, 30 trials/data point, mouse 3, n=3 mice, vertical dotted lines are Weibull threshold parameter fits ± bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-all-optical-imaging-and-photostimulation-a-layout-31on0jg5.png Figure 1. All optical imaging and photostimulation. A. Layout of the experimental system. The 2P imaging path is combined with the scanless holographic 2P photostimulation path for behavioral experiments in a head-fixed mouse with a cranial window. RM, resonant mirror; GM, galvanometer; SL, scan lens; PBS, polarizing beamsplitter; TL, tube lens; DM1, DM2, dichroic mirrors; PMT1, PMT2, photomultiplier tubes; HWP, half-wave plate; SLM, spatial light modulator; L1-L3, lenses; M, mirror; Obj, 16x objective. B. Injection of viruses into the mitral and the granule cell layers (MCL, GCL) in the olfactory bulb (OB). C. Schematic of 2P photostimulation patches targeted to the MCL of the OB. Large neurons, mitral cells; circles, granule cells; green, GCaMP6s response to photostimulation. D. 2P guided cellattached electrophysiological recording in an awake mouse MCL coexpressing ChrimsonR-tdTomato (red) and calcium indicator GCaMP6s (green). The cell (white circle) was targeted by a light patch (scale bar, 20 µm). E. Examples of electrophysiological recordings during 5, 10 and 20 ms photostimulation, 628 kHz repetition rate. F. Average number of evoked spikes as a function of power per cell for different stimulation durations (mean ± s.e.m., n=5 cells). Shaded area and circle indicate the working zone chosen to elicit ≤1 evoked action potential. G. Thirty neurons were targeted for simultaneous 2P photostimulation (white circles) and 2P imaging (scale bar, 40 µm). H. Average GCaMP6s calcium response to photostimulation (red dashed line – stimulation onset) for 30 targeted cells (black) and 2 non-targeted cells (blue) (mean ∆F/F ± s.e.m., 30 trials, 10 ms stimulation duration, 0.06 mW/µm2,18 mW/patch). I. Average evoked calcium response as a function of photostimulation energy for 5 and 10 ms durations (mean ∆F/F ± s.e.m., n=20 cells, 40 trials). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pulse-duration-tunability-enables-sham-ht91km7t.png Figure 3. Pulse duration tunability enables sham photostimulation control. A. A schematic showing the effect of tuning the pulse duration. To photostimulate a cell, 2P excitation must exceed a certain threshold, 𝑷𝑷𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕. As the pulse duration increases (𝜏𝜏L>𝜏𝜏S), the peak power, and therefore the 2P signal, decreases below the threshold and cannot stimulate the cell. B. Left, a table summarizing the differences in effects evoked by the short and long pulse duration stimuli. Right, a schematic of the behavioral setup for the sham photostimulation control experiment. C. Representative example raster plots (top) and PSTHs (bottom) for short pulse photostimulation and long pulse sham photostimulation (control) (red, short pulse photostimulation; gray, long pulse control; 20 trials per condition, n=1 cell, 30 mW, 10 ms illumination). D. Detection accuracy as a function of photostimulation condition. Blocks of sham photostimulation were interleaved between high-performance blocks. During the sham-stimulation blocks, detection accuracy dropped to chance level and was significantly different from both pre and post-control measurements (30 targeted cells, 0.06 mW/µm2, n = 2 mice, Fisher’s exact test, P< 0.001). https://scispace.com/papers/precise-robustness-analysis-of-time-petri-nets-with-3ezs8z3ehf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-pitpn-and-its-valuation-1xmncgl7.png Fig. 2: A PITPN and its valuation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-counter-examples-pitpns-2m5y2d3o.png Fig. 3: Counter-examples PITPNs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-graphical-comparison-for-the-example-in-fig-2a-1sv9iz1x.png Fig. 4: Graphical comparison for the example in Fig. 2a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-examples-of-non-robust-itpns-1vek1hme.png Fig. 1: Examples of non-robust ITPNs https://scispace.com/papers/precise-pan-cancer-discovery-of-gene-fusions-reveals-a-3fild3y7tv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-all-body-map-samples-used-s51md66g.png Table 2: List of All Body Map Samples Used https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-samples-analyzed-by-machete-and-smachete-1hm29zjg.png Table 1: Number of Samples Analyzed by Machete and sMACHETE, and Total Number of Cases and Samples in TCGA Data Set https://scispace.com/papers/precision-aggregated-local-models-lroe6f39s1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-15-left-the-mean-surface-generated-by-lmpalm-95-1deicy9n.png Figure 5.15: Left: The mean surface generated by lmPALM. 95% confidence intervals indicated by the dashed line. Right: Predictive surface. Observed data indicated by ‘+’. 95% prediction intervals shown by a dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-14-left-a-true-mean-surface-created-by-the-linear-26w61my5.png Figure 5.14: Left: A true mean surface created by the linear combination of 10 randomly generated sine waves. Observed points generated with σ = 1, and marked by ‘+’. Right: One model (y = β0 + β1X + β2X 2 + β3X 3), built on 50 observed points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-5-boxplots-comparing-sequential-addition-by-y-y-and-37vylznu.png Figure 5.5: Boxplots comparing sequential addition by |y − ŷ| and (y − ŷ)2 + σ̂2. Left: Performance on Gramacy and Lee. Right: Methods compared on Herbie’s Tooth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-herbies-tooth-fits-lagp-on-left-bias-right-in-a-2j7ef2gu.png Figure 3.2: Herbie’s tooth fits: LAGP on left; bias (right) in a slice through LAGP measured against the truth and a PALM competitor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-gp-model-fit-to-a-sinusoid-example-the-true-22u89kpe.png Figure 2.1: GP model fit to a sinusoid example. The true function is plotted in blue, while the GP fit is in black. The error bounds from the GP model are the dashed black lines. The model is able to capture both the mean and the variance of the true function well. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-subset-selection-for-lagp-using-alc-from-two-very-1c54atkq.png Figure 2.4: Subset selection for LaGP using ALC from two very close locations. Small crosses represent observed data locations. Red points represent the subset of points chosen for the GP centered at the blue cross. Black points are the subset for the model centered at the black cross. Red points with a black outline are chosen for both subsets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-7-left-standard-deviation-surface-from-a-model-that-2sc8299c.png Figure 3.7: Left: Standard deviation surface from a model that considers pairwise correlation between local expert models. Right: Standard deviation from a PALM that treats local experts as independent. Black crosses denote the centers for local experts. Colors on both plots are restricted to be the same https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-a-sine-wave-modeled-by-lagp-predictors-alone-at-2ks67h5w.png Figure 3.4: A sine wave modeled by LAGP predictors: alone at one location (left); at five locations (middle); after PALM weighted averaging (right). https://scispace.com/papers/precision-flow-measurement-techniques-for-low-thrust-21c7p0ii05 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-properties-of-propellants-and-simulants-2mw8n4vg.png Table 1. Physical Properties of Propellants and Simulants https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-typical-flowmeter-calibration-record-2yponfa4.png Figure 6. Typical Flowmeter Calibration Record https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-sea-level-firing-1-2-m-p-thrustor-30-duty-cycle-j4q86pp2.png Figure 13. Sea Level Firing - 1/2# M.P. Thrustor (30% Duty Cycle) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-development-model-of-pulsed-mode-flowmeter-1nqim8ln.png Figure 10. Development Model of Pulsed Mode Flowmeter https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-flow-calibration-bench-2ladz8q7.png Figure 7. Flow Calibration Bench https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-meter-b-flow-calibrations-2re18yjg.png Figure 9. Meter "B" Flow Calibrations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-monopropellant-flow-range-qhm0pc7z.png Figure 1. Monopropellant Flow Range. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-control-panel-for-pulsed-mode-flowmeter-17uzkto3.png Figure 11. Control Panel for Pulsed Mode Flowmeter https://scispace.com/papers/precision-identification-of-diverse-bloodstream-pathogens-4s8zyys57o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stool-sampling-213-timeline-of-stool-sampling-1o26v10c.png Figure 1. Stool sampling 213 Timeline of stool sampling relative to BSI and hematopoietic cell transplant for patients included in the 214 study. 215 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-intra-patient-samples-are-more-closely-related-than-1w5d9e5e.png Figure 4. Intra-patient samples are more closely related than inter-patient samples. Branch tip 325 colors indicate stool and BSI samples from the same patient. Samples from the same patient are more 326 closely phylogenetically related than other samples. 327 328 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-239-di1ywlth.png Table 2. 239 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-322-t2x042xy.png Table 3. 322 https://scispace.com/papers/precision-jet-measurements-at-hera-and-determination-of-as-3zlryw3asv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ratio-of-the-transverse-momentum-of-the-calibrated-1e0h1lg4.png Figure 2: Ratio of the transverse momentum of the calibrated hadronic final state PhT to the reference measurement P da T as function of the jet energy (a) and the pseudorapidity (b) as obtained by the H1 collaboration. The ratio of the data to MC comparison is shown at the bottom of each plot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-inclusive-jet-cross-sections-in-photoproduction-1y4konkk.png Figure 8: The inclusive jet cross sections in photoproduction for PT > 21 GeV, measured as function of jet pseudorapidity ηjet. The NLO calculations are corrected for hadronisation effects and shown with the total theoretical uncertainty as hatched band. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-dijet-cross-sections-in-photoproduction-as-2cjata92.png Figure 9: The dijet cross sections in photoproduction as function of xobsγ , compared to the NLO prediction using three different PDF sets for the photon parametrisation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-some-important-feynman-diagrams-of-neutral-current-291hza8g.png Figure 1: Some important Feynman diagrams of neutral current epscattering. The LO process is shown on the left, followed by one in each case of the boson-gluon fusion and QCD Compton diagrams. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-ratio-of-nlo-calculations-using-different-2om8saa8.png Figure 4: The ratio of NLO calculations using different proton PDFs to the measured cross sections of inclusive jet production at high Q2 from H1. The theoretical uncertainty due to missing higher orders, estimated by a variation of µr and µf , is shown for the calculation using HERAPDF1.5 only. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-inclusive-jet-cross-sections-in-photoproduction-276o1681.png Figure 7: The inclusive jet cross sections in photoproduction as function of jet pseudorapidity ηjet. The measured cross sections are compared to NLO calculations corrected for hadronisation effects and for non-perturbative effects from multiple-interactions (NP). The latter corrections were obtained with Pythia using different assumptions on the minimum PT of the secondary interaction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-comparison-of-the-most-recent-values-of-as-mz-2pf5x3u1.png Figure 12: Comparison of the most recent values of αs(MZ ) obtained from multi-jet production cross sections at HERA and the world average [40]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-relative-differences-between-the-measured-p1d3ked3.png Figure 5: The relative differences between the measured double differential dijet cross sections by ZEUS and NLO calculations with different choices of µr. The theoretical uncertainty, shown as dashed area, is only shown for the central prediction with µr = √ Q2 + 〈PT〉2. https://scispace.com/papers/precision-measurements-of-ionization-and-dissociation-qvxrrp1auo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-diagram-of-the-energy-level-structure-of-cqpa2xkw.png Fig. 1 (a) Schematic diagram of the energy level structure of molecular Rydberg states. Rydberg series of different l values converge to the ionization thresholds corresponding to each vibrational (labeled with the vibrational quantum number v+) and rotational (N+) energy levels of the molecular ion core. The bound states below the ionization thresholds are marked in black and the ionization continua above the thresholds in grey. (b) Determination of ionization energies by Rydberg-state spectroscopy. The transition frequencies from the ground state of the neutral molecule to successive Rydberg states of a series are measured. Extrapolation of the series using Rydberg’s formula or multichannel quantum defect theory yields the position of the ionization threshold. (c) Selected section of the Rydberg spectrum of He2 displaying the np (l=1) series converging to the N +=5 level of the X+ 2∑u + (v+=0) ground state of the He2 + ion measured following excitation from the N=5 rotational level of the lowest-lying, metastable triplet a 3∑u + (v=0) state of He2. The principal quantum numbers of the Rydberg states are given along the assignment bar, and the extrapolated position of the ionization threshold is indicated by the vertical arrow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-intensity-normalized-sections-of-the-spectrum-of-the-p-3f43aazg.png Fig. 4. Intensity-normalized sections of the spectrum of the p (N=1) Rydberg series of ortho-H2 converging to the N+=1, v+=0 state of the electronic ground state of ortho-H2 + recorded from the GK (v=1, N=1) state. Next to each line the principal quantum number n of the corresponding Rydberg state is given. The predictions using Rydberg’s formula and MQDT are given above and below the spectra, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-of-ab-initio-calculations-3233-of-the-3151ysaj.png Table I. Results of ab initio calculations[32,33] of the dissociation energies of H2, HD, and D2 and comparison with experimental values.[18,27,28] The ab initio values are determined as sums of corrections of different origin to the values obtained within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. All values are given in units of cm–1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spectrum-of-the-n-56-65-p-rydberg-series-of-hd-3cnivp9d.png Fig. 3. Spectrum of the n=56-65 p Rydberg series of HD converging to the N+=0, v+=0 level of the electronic ground state of HD+ recorded from the EF (v=0, N=0) state. The perturbation caused by the interaction with the n=26 p Rydberg state with a N+=2 ion core can be recognized from strong deviations from the positions predicted with Rydberg’s formula (upper assignment bar). The positions calculated using MQDT are given along the lower assignment bar. https://scispace.com/papers/precision-modelling-of-the-matter-power-spectrum-in-a-planck-4hthxiru2p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-dependence-of-the-power-spectrum-on-variations-in-ayfui3t0.png Figure 14. Dependence of the power spectrum on variations in the cosmological parameters. All plots show the ratio of the variational models with respect to the fiducial model. Each panel shows the variations for a single parameter as a function of scale. The red and blue points show positive and negative variations, respectively and the point size increases with decreasing redshift, with z ∈ {2, 1, 0.5, 0.0}. The dashed lines show the results for linear theory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-cosmological-parameter-step-size-below-which-the-u9xkq28b.png Figure 15. Cosmological parameter step-size below which the Taylor expansion approach is precise to 3%. ∆θ is estimated from the simulations using Eq. (63) and we scale it in units of the variation step-sizes used in the Dämmerung runs, and we show this as a function of wavenumber and redshift. The 8 panels show results for each of the cosmological parameter variations simulated. The large red points show results for z = 0 and the small green points show results for z = 0.5. In panels 2–7, the blue dashed lines indicate the line |∆θ| . 2 |∆θsim|, and in panel 1 the line represents |∆θ| . 0.5 |∆θsim|. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-logarithmic-derivative-of-the-nonlinear-matter-1vvaunk3.png Figure 11. Logarithmic derivative of the nonlinear matter power spectrum with respect 8 cosmological parameters considered in this paper as a function of scale. The blue points show the results from the Dämmerung simulations. The dashed lines show the results for linear theory and the solid green lines show the prediction from the updated version of halofit2012 from Takahashi et al. (2012). The point size and line thickness increases with decreasing redshift, with z ∈ {2, 1, 0.5, 0.0}. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-similar-to-fig-11-except-this-time-the-matter-2gekvj6f.png Figure 12. Similar to Fig. 11, except this time the matter power spectra have been rescaled by the predictions from the halofit2012model before computing the derivative with respect to the cosmological parameters. The magenta solid lines denote the result of applying a smoothing spline function to the measured scaled derivatives. Once again, increasing line thickness and point size corresponds to decreasing redshift with z ∈ {2, 1, 0.5, 0.0}. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-same-as-fig-12-except-here-we-show-the-2nd-order-1sf85q3l.png Figure 13. Same as Fig. 12, except here we show the 2nd order derivatives of the power spectra scaled by the halofit2012 predictions with respect to the cosmological parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-dependence-of-the-power-spectrum-on-variations-in-372jiczs.png Figure 10. Dependence of the power spectrum on variations in the cosmological parameters. All plots show the ratio of the variational models with respect to the fiducial model. Each panel shows the variations for a single parameter as a function of scale. The red and blue points show positive and negative variations, respectively and the point size increases with decreasing redshift, with z ∈ {2, 1, 0.5, 0.0}. The dashed lines show the results for linear theory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ratio-of-the-power-spectra-of-the-2lpt-initial-vviy9ned.png Figure 2. Ratio of the power spectra of the 2LPT initial conditions for the variational runs with the corresponding power spectrum from the fiducial run. All spectra were measured at z = 30. The points show the measurements from the simulations and the lines show the linear theory from CAMB. The red and blue points denote the positive and negative variation in the particular parameter from the fiducial, which is shown in green. From left to right, the top row shows the variations in {w0, wa, ΩDE}, the middle row, {wc = Ωch2, wb = Ωbh2, ns}, the bottom row {As, αs}. https://scispace.com/papers/precision-measurement-of-neutrino-oscillation-parameters-3q6cn3r052 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-prompt-event-energy-spectrum-of-e-candidate-wrkvhupa.png FIG. 1 (color). Prompt event energy spectrum of e candidate events. All histograms corresponding to reactor spectra and expected backgrounds incorporate the energy-dependent selection efficiency (top panel). The shaded background and geoneutrino histograms are cumulative. Statistical uncertainties are shown for the data; the band on the blue histogram indicates the event rate systematic uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-estimated-backgrounds-after-selection-efficiencies-5oau57hl.png TABLE II. Estimated backgrounds after selection efficiencies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-allowed-region-for-neutrino-oscillation-3jygja8j.png FIG. 2 (color). Allowed region for neutrino oscillation parameters from KamLAND and solar neutrino experiments. The side-panels show the 2-profiles for KamLAND (dashed line) and solar experiments (dotted line) individually, as well as the combination of the two (solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-ratio-of-the-background-and-2q1e5xbj.png FIG. 3 (color). Ratio of the background and geoneutrinosubtracted e spectrum to the expectation for no-oscillation as a function of L0=E. L0 is the effective baseline taken as a fluxweighted average (L0 180 km). The energy bins are equal probability bins of the best fit including all backgrounds (see Fig. 1). The histogram and curve show the expectation accounting for the distances to the individual reactors, time-dependent flux variations, and efficiencies. The error bars are statistical only and do not include, for example, correlated systematic uncertainties in the energy scale. https://scispace.com/papers/precision-placement-of-fertiliser-for-optimising-the-early-1p52iawyfr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-responses-of-carrot-roots-fig-6-responses-of-block-j2i8329d.png Fig. 5. Responses of carrot roots Fig. 6. Responses of block-transplanted lettuce to N to broadcast (B) and/or starter (S) broadcast (B) with/without NPK starter (S), or with PK at half or full recommended a NPK solution applied to the peat block (PP) for: rate (RR) (after Stone, 1998). (a) total trimmed head weights; (b) yields of iceberg quality lettuce (after Stone et al., 1999). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-total-yields-and-size-grades-of-bulb-fig-8-yields-of-290kf524.png Fig. 7. Total yields and % size grades of bulb Fig. 8. Yields of bulb onions grown onions grown with broadcast N with/without with (■,●) and without starter (□,○) ammonium phosphate starter solution. (after Rahn et al., 1996). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-responses-of-onions-to-broadcast-ammonium-nitrate-and-1diatca2.png Fig. 9. Responses of onions to broadcast ammonium nitrate (●), and to ammonium phosphate starter supplemented with either broadcast ammonium nitrate (■) or sideinjected UAN (□) at: (a) the salad onion stage; or (b) maturity (after Stone, 2000a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-changes-in-plant-critical-n-fig-2-stanhay-seed-drill-28n37cue.png Fig. 1 Changes in plant critical N Fig. 2. Stanhay seed drill showing position concentration during growth. of commercial prototype injection coulter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-responses-of-carrot-roots-to-starter-solution-with-3gl9zcs0.png Fig. 4. Responses of carrot roots to starter solution with different ratios of ammonium phosphate to potassium phosphate at: (a) bunching stage; (b) maturity (after Stone, 1998). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-responses-to-npk-starter-during-early-growth-of-a-2l9h6pfh.png Fig. 3. Responses to NPK starter during early growth of (a) onion; and (b) carrot on soil P gradient plots; and of (c) onion; and (d) carrot on K gradient plots (after Stone, 1998). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-n-fertiliser-requirements-for-comparable-3lc8c38x.png Table 1. Total N fertiliser requirements for comparable yields of onion and lettuce from broadcast and combined starter + broadcast fertilizer treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-mean-yields-se-of-selected-vegetable-2mwoke1a.png Table 2. Comparison of mean yields (± SE) of selected vegetable corps from broadcast and side-injected P fertilizer treatments in a low fertility soil at Wellesbourne in 2005. https://scispace.com/papers/precision-spectroscopy-of-high-rotational-states-in-h-2-10r1kbj6oy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-calculated-energies-and-electronic-2amqakzq.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Calculated energies and electronic character of the rovibronic energy levels of the EF 1 +g of H2 shown plotted vs J . The type of square used to show a level indicates the level’s status: Levels observed by Bailly et al. [28] are shown by squares with color-indented corners (red online), those observed in the present work are shown by double squares with indented sides (black online), while unobserved levels calculated in the present work are shown by simple squares (blue online). As can be seen some levels were observed in both Ref. [28] and the current work. The calculated electronic character of each level is indicated by the size of the shaded square areas inside each outer square: Heavy shading (blue online) indicates the percentage of (1σg) sσ Rydberg s 1 +g channel, while light shading (pink online) indicates the amount of doubly excited (1σu) pλ (0 λ 2) channels as well as of singly excited (1σg) dλ channels. A fully filled square corresponds to 100% character. To guide the eye, the rotational progressions E(0), E(1), and E(2) associated with the inner potential well of theEF state are connected by shaded lines. Heavy shading (gray online) indicates the potential energy barrier and theEF (v = 13) level which is above the barrier. Note that on the scale of the figure the largest observed MQDT deviations are less than one-third of the thickness of the lines used to draw the axes. See text for more details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-ef-1-g-x-1-g-00-two-photon-q-15-transition-lej5rcg1.png FIG. 5. The EF 1 +g –X 1 +g (0,0) two-photon Q(15) transition recorded with the high-resolution PDA system. The fringes of a frequency-stabilized etalon with FSR = 148.96 MHz is used to linearize the scan while the known I2 hyperfine component, marked with a , provides an absolute calibration. The transition frequency axis (lower axis) is exactly sixfold the fundamental frequency axis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-table-of-level-energies-in-cm-1-for-all-measured-1ch3bln5.png TABLE III. Table of level energies (in cm−1) for all measured levels belonging to the outer well derived from the measured transitions and the ground state calculations reported by Komasa et al. [6]. represents the difference between the measured levels and the MQDT prediction. The results of Bailly et al. [28] are included for comparison. See the text for details on the levels grouped under tentative assignments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-table-of-level-energies-in-cm-1-for-the-four-lowest-37y73ijs.png TABLE II. Table of level energies (in cm−1) for the four lowest vibrational levels belonging to the inner well and the first vibrational level above the barrier of the EF 1 +g state derived from the measurements presented here and the ground state levels reported by Komasa et al. [6]. represents the difference between the measured levels and the MQDT prediction. Results of Bailly et al. [28] are included for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-differences-between-the-measurement-and-29gtciab.png FIG. 10. (Color online) Differences between the measurement and the MQDT calculation for the inner-well levels (upper figure) and the outer-well levels (lower figure). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-potential-energy-curves-of-the-x-1-g-ground-state-and-281fyifr.png FIG. 1. Potential energy curves of the X 1 +g ground state and the EF 1 +g state of H2, as well as the X 2 +g ground state of the H + 2 ion. The excitation scheme is indicated with arrows. The first four vibrations of the inner well are indicated with solid lines, while the first six vibrations of the outer well are indicated with dashed lines. The rotational structure of the inner well vibrations is shown in the inset where the J quantum number is indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-layout-of-the-experimental-arrangement-used-6b9rit02.png FIG. 2. Schematic layout of the experimental arrangement used in the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-measured-q-13-ef-1-g-x-1-g-00-two-photon-1kbvegq5.png FIG. 6. The measured Q(13) EF 1 +g –X 1 +g (0,0) two-photon transition frequency at several different input powers. An extrapolation of a linear fit yields the unshifted transition frequency. https://scispace.com/papers/preclinical-evaluation-of-a-precision-medicine-approach-to-21u7d19uat 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-secreted-but-not-intracellular-pdna-encoded-endotope-244zeylb.png Fig. 2. Secreted, but not intracellular, pDNA-encoded Endotope polypeptide reduced disease incidence in NOD mice. Female NOD mice (n=16 mice for saline, 11 for AI and 10 for BS) were treated i.d. weekly for 20 weeks, starting at week 8 of age (period of treatment indicated with purple shading). Log Rank test: saline vs BS: p=0.079. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dna-constructs-arrangement-and-targeting-of-epitopes-a-2voegabs.png Fig. 1. DNA constructs: arrangement and targeting of epitopes. (A) Constructs used for expression of mouse proinsulin (ProIns) or tailored epitopes (IET5AI and BS) on pDNA vectors (pBHT568 backbone). The AI variant features the invariant chain’s endosomal targeting signal (ETS) Ii1-80, preceding native CD4 epitopes (InsB9-23; GAD65286-300; GAD65534-543) and mimotopes (InsB9-23 R22E [p8E] and E21G/R22E [p8G]; and 2.5mi [p79]), followed by a cleavage site (T2A), separating them from native CD8 epitopes (InsB15-23; IGRP206-214). The BS variant features the same epitopes and mimotopes as AI but expressed them on a single polypeptide preceded by an albumin secretion signal (SEC). The epitopes recognized by the TCR-tg T cells from BDC2.5 and NY8.3 mice are indicated in blue and green, respectively. (B) Epitopes produced by the AI variant remain intracellular, resulting in maximal antigen loading in the transfected cells, whereas epitopes produced by the BS variant are secreted. The secreted polypeptides may then be taken up by the producing cells and by other cells in the vicinity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-persistence-of-endotopes-epitopes-presentation-in-vivo-riw2fu7p.png Fig. 5. Persistence of Endotope’s epitopes presentation in vivo after pDNA inoculation and effect of reducing the frequency of treatment on disease incidence. (A) Four groups of female NOD mice (n=5 mice per group; except non-immunized control, n=2) were used as recipients of TCR-tg T cells from BDC2.5 and NY8.3 mice: they were treated by i.d. injection as indicated by the blue arrows; T cells were https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-efficacy-of-endotope-pdna-compared-to-proinsulin-pdna-1r534kcz.png Fig. 6. Efficacy of Endotope pDNA compared to Proinsulin pDNA in preventing progression of disease during the dysglycemic stage. Female NOD mice (n= 9 mice for saline, 9 for Proinsulin pDNA and 10 for Endotope pDNA) were enrolled when glycemia reached the 150-200 mg/dL range and treated i.d. for 6 weeks (period of treatment indicated with purple shading), with two injections per week, totaling 12 doses. (A) Blood glucose of mice at the start (first dose) and end (last dose) of the treatment. (B-D) Incidence of disease of the whole cohort (B), of the mice that developed dysglycemia before 12 weeks of age (n=5 mice per group) (C) and of the mice that developed dysglycemia after 12 weeks of age (n=4 mice for saline and Proinsulin, 5 mice for Endotope) (D). Log Rank test: the p values (against saline control) at the end of follow up (20 weeks of age) are indicated on the graph. The p value for Proinsulin pDNA comparing subgroups in panels C and D is p=0.0218. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-loss-of-durable-protection-from-disease-following-1p3ro3eg.png Fig. 4. Loss of durable protection from disease following treatment discontinuation. Female NOD mice were treated i.m. (A) or i.d. (B) for 8 weeks starting at 8 weeks of age (period of treatment indicated with purple shading). Number of mice in i.m. treatment cohort: n=12 mice per group; and in i.d. treatment cohort: n=14 for saline, 13 for Proinsulin, and 13 for Endotope. Log Rank test: the p values (against saline control) at the end of follow up (35 weeks of age) are indicated on the graph. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparable-efficacy-of-proinsulin-and-endotope-dna-3hahg2z8.png Fig. 3. Comparable efficacy of Proinsulin and Endotope DNA vaccines, using two routes of administration. Female NOD mice (n=11 mice for saline, 12 for Proinsulin pDNA i.m. and i.d. and 11 for Endotope pDNA i.m. and i.d.) were treated i.m. (A) or i.d. (B) for 20 weeks starting at 8 weeks of age (period of treatment indicated with purple shading). Log Rank test: the p values (against saline control) at the end of treatment (28 weeks of age) and at the end of follow up (35 weeks of age) are indicated on the graph. https://scispace.com/papers/precision-timing-measurements-for-high-energy-photons-3nw6j6lei1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-photo-of-the-setup-used-to-measure-electron-time-of-23y7txq0.png Figure 6: Photo of the setup used to measure electron time of flight with a 2.5 × 2.5 × 20 cm3 LYSO crystal interfaced with an MCP-PMT photodetector and read out using a DRS4 digitizer unit. The beam arrives from the top edge of the picture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-diagram-of-the-shashlik-style-calorimeter-cell-used-bzqfx9ww.png Figure 7: Diagram of the shashlik style calorimeter cell used to measure electron TOF. The cell consists of alternating plates of LYSO crystal and tungsten, separated by protective sheets of TYVEK paper. Y11 wavelength shifting fibers run through the center of the cell and collect light from the LYSO plates for measurement of the incoming particle energy, but they are not used in the TOF measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diagram-of-the-setup-used-to-measure-electron-time-1zjfeuwm.png Figure 3: Diagram of the setup used to measure electron time of flight with a 1.7 × 1.7 × 1.7 cm3 LYSO crystal interfaced with an MCP-PMT photodetector and read out using a DRS4 digitizer unit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-photo-of-the-setup-used-to-measure-electron-time-of-ao5wvr98.png Figure 2: Photo of the setup used to measure electron time of flight with a 1.7 × 1.7 × 1.7 cm3 LYSO crystal interfaced with an MCP-PMT photodetector and read out using a DRS4 digitizer unit. The beam arrives from the top edge of the picture. A Hamamatsu R3809U MCP-PMT is placed downstream of the setup in order to tag beam particles not fully absorbed by the LYSO crystal, but it is not used to reject events. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-example-pulse-from-the-1-7-x-1-7-x-1-7-cm3-lyso-3jgea1br.png Figure 11: Example pulse from the 1.7 × 1.7 × 1.7 cm3 LYSO cube setup with Photek 240 MCP-PMTs. The sharp feature at the leading edge of the pulse is thought to be caused by a direct hit of a beam particle on the MCP-PMT window. To mitigate the effects of direct hits, the measurement is repeated using an MCP-PMT with a smaller active area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-tof-distribution-obtained-using-an-electron-beam-1hqeom7v.png Figure 8: TOF distribution obtained using an electron beam incident on a 1.7 × 1.7 × 1.7 cm3 LYSO crystal interfaced with a Hamamatsu MCP-PMT. The distribution is obtained using a 32 GeV electron beam. The TOF resolution is taken to be the width of a gaussian fit to the TOF distribution and is determined here to be (33.5 ± 2.1) ps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-tof-distribution-obtained-using-side-readout-of-a-36pmc7gh.png Figure 10: TOF distribution obtained using side readout of a single LYSO tile in a 1.4×1.4×13 cm3 LYSO/Tungsten shashlik cell on which a 32 GeV electron beam is incident. The TOF resolution is determined to be (54 ± 5) ps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-tof-distribution-obtained-using-a-4-gev-electron-10up6342.png Figure 9: TOF distribution obtained using a 4 GeV electron beam incident on a 2.5 × 2.5 × 20 cm3 LYSO crystal. The TOF resolution is determined to be (59 ± 11) ps. https://scispace.com/papers/preclinical-evaluation-of-met-inhibitor-inc-280-with-or-3ulzjks1ed 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-immunoblotting-analysis-after-24-hours-of-treatment-37mo1g26.png Figure 3 Immunoblotting Analysis After 24 Hours of Treatment. Cells or Without HGF (50 ng/mL). (A) Expression of Total and P https://scispace.com/papers/precoded-optical-spatial-modulation-for-indoor-visible-light-4dxl5nbnam 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-flow-chart-to-find-a-closed-form-solution-to-the-17f5tquy.png Fig. 4. Flow chart to find a closed-form solution to the optimization problem https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-locations-of-leds-and-pds-for-five-simulation-1h4tpvak.png TABLE II LOCATIONS OF LEDS AND PDS FOR FIVE SIMULATION SCENARIOS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ber-performances-of-the-proposed-optimal-closed-form-377pmq7p.png Fig. 6. BER performances of the proposed optimal closed-form solution, the proposed matrix-SCA and conventional OSM schemes in (2 × 2) VLC-MIMO channels, where different PAM schemes are adopted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ber-performance-of-the-proposed-optimal-closed-form-gwefudbi.png Fig. 7. BER performance of the proposed optimal closed-form solution, the proposed matrix-based SCA and conventional OSM schemes in (2 × 4) VLC-MIMO channels, where different PAM schemes are adopted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-complexity-comparison-among-various-tpc-algorithms-suflm983.png TABLE I COMPLEXITY COMPARISON AMONG VARIOUS TPC ALGORITHMS DESIGNED FOR OSM SYSTEMS WITH Nt = 2 AND Nt > 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-ber-performance-of-the-proposed-precoding-schemes-3h37n9mb.png Fig. 12. The BER performance of the proposed precoding schemes in (2×8) and (8× 8) VLC-MIMO channels with 4PAM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-ber-comparison-in-the-osm-systems-with-various-3rkhonfi.png Fig. 13. BER comparison in the OSM systems with various modulation schemes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geometric-representation-of-the-channel-parameters-tz2w9ox5.png Fig. 1. Geometric representation of the channel parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/precolonial-political-centralization-and-contemporary-4uqjevk6t7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-district-level-map-of-uganda-12jutw5a.png Figure 2. District-level map of Uganda https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-political-centralization-and-development-outcomes-rzoyg7xt.png Figure 3. Political centralization and development outcomes ðfrom table 1Þ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-uganda-color-version-available-as-an-online-28k56hkj.png Figure 1. Map of Uganda. Color version available as an online enhancement https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-precolonial-centralization-and-development-in-uganda-1bnihszw.png TABLE 7 PRECOLONIAL CENTRALIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN UGANDA, SUBCOUNTY SUBSAMPLES: OLS ESTIMATES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-log-of-distance-from-mubende-and-precolonial-7yi4bmke.png Figure 4. Log of distance from Mubende and precolonial centralization https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-precolonial-centralization-and-development-in-uganda-2y7gbu3c.png TABLE 1 PRECOLONIAL CENTRALIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN UGANDA: OLS ESTIMATES https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-precolonial-centralization-and-development-in-uganda-1v132rtz.png TABLE 6 PRECOLONIAL CENTRALIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN UGANDA: ORDERED LOGIT ESTIMATES https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-determinants-of-precolonial-centralization-in-uganda-2xgf85qp.png TABLE 3 DETERMINANTS OF PRECOLONIAL CENTRALIZATION IN UGANDA: OLS ESTIMATES https://scispace.com/papers/predation-by-bdellovibrio-bacteriovorus-transforms-the-595d6ulfff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-exposure-to-predation-by-b-bacteriovorus-shifts-the-17epeaa1.png Figure 4. Exposure to predation by B. bacteriovorus shifts the microscopic landscape of host 471 biofilms. A) In the absence of predatory bacteria, V. cholerae produces biofilms with abundant small 472 clusters with high internal neighbor volume fraction and low peripheral neighborhood volume fraction. 473 B) Under predation by B. bacteriovorus, single cells and small colonies below a neighborhood cell-474 packing threshold are exposed and killed, leaving few remaining clusters which are then free to grow very 475 large. C) Frequency distributions of neighborhood volume fraction for biofilms exposed or unexposed to 476 B. bacteriovorus predation. Biofilms with predators present show a strong shift toward high neighborhood 477 volume fraction. D) Quantification of the average ratio of basal area to mid-plane area for biofilms with 478 and without exposure to predators. Exposed biofilms, because they have room to grow into much larger 479 columnar structures, have a ratio of ~1; while in unexposed biofilms, clusters compete more for space and 480 remain semispherical, such they are larger at their base than they are at their mid-plane. 481 https://scispace.com/papers/predation-enforcement-options-an-evaluation-using-a-cournot-1xmgimlbnz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-welfare-components-if-entrant-has-no-cost-advantage-26kyq21f.png Figure 2: Welfare components if entrant has no cost advantage (Scenario 1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-consumer-surplus-effects-of-different-enforcement-37kpzxmw.png Figure 1: Consumer surplus effects of different enforcement options https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-delta-values-for-scenarios-1-2-and-3-3786r7i7.png Table 5. Delta values for Scenarios 1, 2 and 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-welfare-changes-and-aggregated-welfare-change-for-kms0x40a.png Figure 6: Welfare changes and aggregated welfare change for different enforcement options (α=5, β=15) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-welfare-changes-and-aggregated-welfare-change-for-8qz0y328.png Figure 5: Welfare changes and aggregated welfare change for different enforcement options (α=5, β=7) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-welfare-components-if-entrant-has-moderate-cost-2z68ju16.png Figure 3: Welfare components if entrant has moderate cost advantage (Scenario 2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-predation-enforcement-options-18723o9n.png Table 2: Predation enforcement options https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-welfare-components-if-entrant-has-large-cost-3byu5u49.png Figure 4: Welfare components if entrant has large cost advantage (Scenario 3) https://scispace.com/papers/predator-control-in-relation-to-livestock-losses-in-central-5dv1hnuh7g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-accumulated-monthly-predator-losses-and-coyotes-and-2j818vzo.png Fig. 4. Accumulated monthly predator losses and coyotes and bobcats taken in central Texas, 1971 and 1973-75. https://scispace.com/papers/predicate-logic-as-a-modeling-language-theory-systems-and-38twce8v6g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-high-level-representation-of-a-kbs-system-103xhx30.png Figure 1.1 High-level representation of a KBS system https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-prolog-answers-yes-to-the-query-female-jane-z8ytx5d0.png Table 1.1 Prolog answers “yes” to the query ?- Female(Jane). https://scispace.com/papers/predators-and-predation-rates-of-skylark-alauda-arvensis-and-1990sems6j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-daily-survival-rates-dsr-of-skylark-and-woodlark-12npziyn.png Table 1. Daily survival rates (DSR) of Skylark and Woodlark nests in a semi-natural heath- and grassland in the northern Netherlands during the breeding season of 2012. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-video-recorded-skylark-and-woodlark-nest-ms3ay6co.png Table 2. Summary of video-recorded Skylark and Woodlark nest depredation events during the 2012 breeding season in a semi-natural heath- and grassland in The Netherlands. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-typical-layout-of-a-video-camera-arrow-at-one-3tym97wl.png Figure 1. The typical layout of a video camera (arrow) at one of the monitored nests, here with incubating Woodlark female, 18 May 2012 (Photo Libor Praus). https://scispace.com/papers/predator-induced-maternal-effects-determine-adaptive-46d1s9vxrn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-timeline-and-design-for-the-predator-3rrw6880.png Fig. 3. Experimental timeline and design for the predator escape test. (A) Timeline of experiments 1 (in blue) and 2 (in green) from exposure of parents to predator cues to the escape test. (B) Predator escape test (performed at day 90): a 200-L tank was virtually subdivided along its long axis into three vertical zones: a “shelter zone” with the shelter placed 15 cm away from the shorter edge of the tank, a 25-cm feeding zone with a feeding Petri dish placed at the edge of the boundary away from the shelter, and a 20-cm zone where a marble was dropped in a distance of 10 cm from the petri dish. White sand was used to provide sufficient contrast between a small focal fish and its background on the video recordings. A wooden “marble holder” was fitted and a needle was inserted to hold it in place. The needle, in turn, was attached to a string that could be pulled by the observer. The gray curtain separated the observer from the experimental setup, and the experiment was carried out as described in Escape test. After an acclimatization period, a few pieces of krill were placed on the feeding dish, and the observer waited for the fish to come to feed. The cameras were switched on, and the observer waited for the fish to take up the start position. As soon as the focal fish was spotted feeding on the dish, the needle, supporting the marble, was immediately pulled (within 1 to 2 s), and video recording was continued for 15 min after the marble drop. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-clutch-characteristics-of-unfertilized-eggs-from-the-1ygixu1t.png Fig. 1. Clutch characteristics of unfertilized eggs from the two parental treatments in experiment 1, and clutch size and gene expression of igf-1 in experiment 2. (A) Fresh egg weights measured right before amino acid quantification. Open circles: mean of five unfertilized eggs obtained per brood; solid circles and error bars: means ± SE across broods; Ncontrol = 6 (two data points overlap) and Npredator = 5 for each treatment. (B) Total amino acids present in eggs. Open circles: mean of three eggs per brood; solid circles and error bars: means ± SE across broods. (C) Relative expression of igf-1 gene expression at day 3 (with respect to the reference gene rpl13a) and (D) day 10 of experiment 2. In the statistical models, igf-1 values on day 3 were subjected to a negative power transformation using the boxcox function, whereas those on day 10 were subjected to a positive power transformation. Here, the means (solid circles) and SE and individual data points (open circles) are back-transformed to their original scale. (A–D) Blue: control treatment; green: predator treatment; bars show mean ± SE; ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gene-expression-estimates-and-se-of-the-three-key-16t3vvc7.png Table 3. Gene expression estimates and SE of the three key somatotropic genes tested at experimental day 3 and day 10 https://scispace.com/papers/predator-water-balance-alters-intraguild-predation-in-a-2gejw6iuc4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-predicted-and-observed-trophic-relationships-between-4wggawby.png FIG. 1. Predicted and observed trophic relationships between the study taxa. Arrows are qualitative. Gray arrows represent fluxes of materials. Black arrows represent trophic effects, with dashed double-line arrows representing unmeasured indirect effects. Quantitative effect sizes are written at the bottom for the combination of direct and indirect effects (labeled a, b, and c), because these cannot be separated in this study. Asterisks denote statistically significant effects. Large spiders had stronger negative effects on crickets under dry conditions, but stronger negative effects on small spiders under moist conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-and-standard-error-of-dry-mass-g-total-field-3a7g640y.png TABLE 2. Mean and standard error of dry mass (g), total field energy content (J), and total field water content (g) of each organism in the study, not standardized to the predator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-total-field-energy-j-and-water-g-contents-of-prey-3uz8t9ow.png FIG. 2. Total field energy (J) and water (g) contents of prey species, standardized to male and female large spiders (content of large spiders indicated by dashed line at 1). (a) Female and (b) male large spiders (Hogna antelucana). Gravimetric methods used to determine total water content (g) and bomb calorimetry to derive total energy (J) content. Because of the standardization, results are unitless ratios rather than joules or grams. Note: Female spiders and crickets used in the study are sexually mature gravid specimens. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-treatments-and-sample-size-for-field-experiment-3ha7w8mx.png TABLE 1. Treatments and sample size for field experiment examining effects of water supplementation, community structure, and sex of predators and prey on interaction strength of intraguild predators on intermediate predators and on prey. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-interaction-strength-is-between-the-top-predator-a-1nfdyir4.png FIG. 4. (a) Interaction strength (IS) between the top predator, a large spider (H. antelucana) and the intermediate predator, a small spider (Pardosa sp.). Negative effects on small spiders increase with free available water regardless of respective sex. (b) Interactions between the top predator, a large spider (H. antelucana), and the primary consumers (crickets, G ryllus alogus). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparative-ratios-of-mean-total-energy-j-to-water-g-2aqxp5u0.png FIG. 3. Comparative ratios of mean total energy (J) to water (g), standardized to male and female large spiders (ratio for large spiders indicated by dashed line at 1). (a) Female and (b) male large spiders (H. antelucana). Note that the intermediate predator provides 100-fold the total energy content of all other prey, relative to total water content. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-from-linear-mixed-effects-analysis-of-q59c79ru.png TABLE 3. Results from linear mixed-effects analysis of effects of water and predator and prey sex on intraguild predators (small spiders, Pardosa sp.) and basal prey (Gryllus alogus). https://scispace.com/papers/predict-multicategory-causes-of-death-in-lung-cancer-576pchizix 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-factors-associated-with-multicategory-causes-of-aczdzi4t.png Table 3. The factors associated with multicategory causes of death in lung cancer patients as shown in a multinomial regression model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-the-included-cases-u69p3zz9.png Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the included cases according to the 5-category Cause of death. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-confusion-matrices-of-the-random-forest-and-28gh2csu.png Table 2. Confusion matrices of the random forest and multinomial regression models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-error-rates-in-the-validation-set-were-reduced-2np47ooi.png Figure 1. The error rates in the validation set were reduced as the number of iterations and variables increase. But more than 10 variables were linked to a higher error rate. https://scispace.com/papers/predictability-and-model-selection-in-the-context-of-arch-uy19kc9fkf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-parameters-of-the-estimated-egarch-01-models-3t8bx7zs.png Figure 2. The parameters of the estimated EGARCH(0,1) models https://scispace.com/papers/predictability-of-a-stochastically-forced-hybrid-coupled-1as5r92908 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-the-restart-months-corresponding-to-fig-6-tox5pxwk.png TABLE 1. List of the restart months corresponding to Fig. 6. The stochastically forced Hybrid Coupled Model was reinitialized at these states and integrated forward for 72 months with different realizations of the stochastic part. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-maximum-entropy-spectra-of-the-nino3-time-series-of-3dkr1jk0.png FIG. 8. Maximum entropy spectra of the NINO3 time series of the UKMO GISST dataset lasting from 1900 to 1992, the Hybrid Coupled Model (using the data corresponding to Fig. 1), and the stochastically forced Hybrid Coupled Model (using the data corresponding to Fig. 6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-longitude-time-section-analogous-to-fig-2-using-the-ycq22cex.png FIG. 7. Longitude time section analogous to Fig. 2 using the data of the 120-yr integration of the stochastically forced Hybrid Coupled Model. The individual fields were scaled with the factors given below before they were pooled. The dominant POP mode has a period of 61.9 months, an e-folding time of 22.6 months, and accounts for 32.4% of the variance of the dataset. The individual fields have to be multiplied by factors of (a) 4.74 K, (b) 49.3 cm, and (c) 1.3 3 1021 Pa to get physical units. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-series-of-anomalous-sea-surface-temperature-ssta-ytjec7n2.png FIG. 1. Time series of anomalous sea surface temperature (SSTA), averaged over the NINO3 region (1508–908W, 58S–58N), obtained by integrating the Hybrid Coupled Model (HCM) for 120 yr. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-nino3-time-series-of-ssta-of-the-restart-experiment-118k8brw.png FIG. 9. NINO3 time series of SSTA of the restart experiment initialized at month 276 of the control integration of the stochastically forced HCM. In (a) we show some individual realizations, (b) depicts the ensemble mean and the ensemble mean 6 1 standard deviation, and in (c) the standard deviation is shown separately. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-continued-1t4igjrl.png FIG. 10. (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-continued-1cl79uce.png FIG. 13. (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-longitude-time-section-analogous-to-fig-2-in-this-case-u8456bbt.png FIG. 3. Longitude time section analogous to Fig. 2. In this case, the NMC reanalysis data for SSTA and anomalous sea level were combined with the zonal wind stress anomalies of the FSU dataset. The individual fields were scaled with the factors given below before they were pooled. The dominant POP mode has a period of 52 months, an e-folding time of 16 months, and accounts for 15% of the variance of the dataset. The individual fields have to be multiplied by factors of (a) 7.68 K, (b) 51.5 cm, and (c) 2.5 3 1021 Pa to get physical units. https://scispace.com/papers/predictability-of-cold-spring-seasons-in-europe-2xr37k9agt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-correlation-plot-between-fma-noaa-nesdis-and-era-40-1vn2blt2.png FIG. 1. Correlation plot between FMA NOAA/NESDIS and ERA-40-derived snow cover. A correlation of 0.34 (0.44) is found to be statistically significant at the 5% (1%) level, and the corresponding contours are plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-geographical-distribution-of-roc-scores-for-glosea-3bp60gqw.png FIG. 2. Geographical distribution of ROC scores for GloSea predictions of MAM 2-m temperature: ROC scores for (a) below-median and (b) lower-quintile 2-m temperature predictions. ROC scores in excess of 0.7 are statistically significant at the 10% level. (c) Differences in the ROC scores (i.e., ROC20 ROC50). Areas where the differences are statistically significant at the 10% level are colored. (d), (e), (f) Same as in (a), (b), (c), but for ECMWF S2. (g), (h), (i) Same as in (a), (b), (c), but for NCEP CFS. ROC scores greater than 0.68 are statistically significant at the 10% level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-cca-diagnostics-a-fma-snow-cover-cca-loadings-for-mode-1so045o3.png FIG. 9. CCA diagnostics: (a) FMA snow-cover CCA loadings for mode 1, (b) the corresponding CCA loadings for MAM 2-m temperature, and (c) the canonical component time series for snow (gray bars) and 2-m temperature (line). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coupled-gcms-used-in-this-study-model-resolution-is-1zeeqojs.png TABLE 1. Coupled GCMs used in this study. Model resolution is given as wavenumber of spectral truncation (T) and number of vertical layers (L). The Met Office GloSea model horizontal resolution is given as a latitude–longitude grid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evaluation-of-the-cgcm-mam-2-m-temperature-forecasts-8xjp8qg5.png FIG. 4. Evaluation of the CGCM MAM 2-m temperature forecasts’ BSS with reference to damped persistence. Skill scores for (a), (b), (c) below-median 2-m temperature forecasts and (d), (e), (f) lower-quintile scores. Skill scores are for (a), (d) GloSea; (b), (e) ECMWF S2; and (c), (f) NCEP CFS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-geographical-distribution-of-roc-scores-for-cgcms-3q4nv814.png FIG. 3. Geographical distribution of ROC scores for CGCMs predictions of MAM in the upper quintile: (a) GloSea, (b) ECMWF S2, and (c) NCEP CFS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-scatterplots-of-spatially-averaged-i-e-averaged-from-tvms3ygf.png FIG. 8. Scatterplots of spatially averaged (i.e., averaged from 45°–55°N to 20°–30°E) (a) MAM 2-m temperature (°C) vs 1 February SWE (mm), (b) MAM 2-m temperature (°C) vs FMA fractional snow cover, and (c) FMA fractional snow cover vs 1 February SWE (mm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-snow-depth-normalized-standard-deviation-coefficient-2p8seamy.png FIG. 11. Snow-depth-normalized standard deviation (coefficient of variation) over Europe from February to March: (a), (b), (c) the observed SWE variation; (d), (e), (f) GloSea; (g), (h), (i) ECMWF S2; and (j), (k), (l) NCEP CFS. Coefficients are shown for (a), (d), (g), (j) February; (b), (e), (h), (k) March; and (c), (f), (i), (l) April. https://scispace.com/papers/predictability-and-parallelism-in-the-contemporary-evolution-8ended5epw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nucleotide-nt-and-amino-acid-changes-between-species-1g6a0sfo.png Table 1. Nucleotide (Nt) and amino acid changes between species pairs (AA) in interacting 404 genes between the chromosome 6 and chromosome 13 regions. Ratios of rates of 405 nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions (dN/dS) inferred by codeml [59] are also shown. 406 407 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-922-923-10si53kt.png Figures 922 923 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evidence-for-repeated-hybrid-incompatibilities-2n2qkllc.png Figure 4. Evidence for repeated hybrid incompatibilities between X. birchmanni ´ X. malinche 986 and X. birchmanni ´ X. cortezi hybrids. A. Interacting locus of the shared chromosome 6 987 ancestry desert identified in a genome-wide scan. This region was identified scanning for 988 deviations from expected two locus genotypes using a c2 test in F2 hybrids, based on observed 989 genotypes at the shared chromosome 6 desert and genotypes at other loci throughout the genome. 990 Genome-wide significance threshold (FPR 5%; blue line) was determined using permutations, 991 see Methods for details. Inset shows STRING network with experimentally verified interactions 992 between ndufa13 (contained in the chromosome 6 region) and ndufs5 (contained in the 993 chromosome 13 region). B. Ratio of expected to observed two-locus genotype combinations in 994 https://scispace.com/papers/predictable-efficiency-for-reconfiguration-of-service-1e8nvqo7a0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-estimated-and-measured-running-times-for-ansible-22qvgny3.png Fig. 4: Estimated and measured running times for Ansible, Aeolus and Concerto of the decentralisation and scaling reconfigurations (error bars: standard deviation). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-formulas-estimating-the-run-time-of-each-3js8ty4d.png TABLE I: Formulas estimating the run-time of each reconfiguration by Ansible, Aeolus and Concerto. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-a-concerto-assembly-with-three-component-ccetl66g.png Fig. 1: Example of a Concerto assembly with three component instances: server, dep1 and dep2, respectively of types Server, Dependency1 and Dependency2. Places are represented by circles, with initial places filled with grey. Transitions are represented by arrows, their color indicating their behavior. Behaviors are listed on the right of a component instance, while its behavior queue is represented on top (here they are all empty). Groups are represented by grey rectangles with rounded corners. Provide ports are represented by black discs outside components. Use ports are represented by semi-circles. Bindings between ports and groups are represented by thin grey lines (if they are connected directly to a place or transition, this means a group containing only this element). Active places or transitions are marked with a token (black disc). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dependency-graph-corresponding-to-the-reconfiguration-1jy6js4p.png Fig. 3: Dependency graph corresponding to the reconfiguration in Listing 1 applied to the assembly in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-possible-evolution-when-the-blue-behavior-is-active-zb9wpwjm.png Fig. 2: Possible evolution when the blue behavior is active. https://scispace.com/papers/predictable-embedding-of-large-data-structures-in-2eslzamsmb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bdf-model-for-remote-memory-accesses-to-state-and-3uge3m1s.png Figure 1. BDF model for remote memory accesses to state and input data. https://scispace.com/papers/predictability-of-weather-and-climate-ensemble-forecasting-d9iuynydzr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spaghetti-plots-showing-a-2-5-day-ensemble-forecast-22o6460o.png Fig. 2: “Spaghetti plots” showing a 2.5 day ensemble forecast verifying on 95/10/21. Each 5640gpm contour at 500 hPa corresponds to one ensemble forecast, and the dotted line is the verifying analysis. Note that the uncertainty in the location of the center of the predicted storm in the Midwest of the US is very large, but that it lies on a 1-dimensional space (thick line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulation-of-data-assimilation-in-a-quasi-geostrophic-1m9zrdzv.png Fig. 6: Simulation of data assimilation in a quasi-geostrophic model, assimilating potential vorticity observations at a particular day (June 15). The shades represent the 12 hr forecast (background) error and the contours the analysis corrections. Top: 3DVar. Bottom: Local Ensemble Kalman Filter. Figures courtesy of Matteo Corazza. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-number-of-ensemble-members-required-for-convergence-to-144pd0dd.png Fig. 7: Number of ensemble members required for convergence to the optimal solution in a Lorenz (1996) model. Top: using a full global Ensemble Kalman Filter. Bottom: using a Local Ensemble Kalman Filter. The size of the domain, M is either 40, 80 or 120. Note that the Kaplan-Yorle dimension is about 27 for the 40 variable model and increases linearly with size. Figure adapted from Ott et al (2004). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-example-of-a-6-hr-trace-of-the-500mb-height-forecast-1yg8rh5x.png Fig. 12: Example of a 6 hr trace of the 500mb height forecast error covariance showing the potential use of LEKF for adaptive observations. Regions in blue and purple do not need immediate observations. Midlatitude areas marked with red have large errors but a low effective ensemble dimension, so that they are prime areas for targeting. Tropical regions with large errors (ovals), on the other hand, have also large effective ensemble dimension presumably because the error growth is dominated by convection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-of-the-true-crosses-and-analyzed-circles-2sz3nvai.png Fig. 11: Comparison of the true (crosses) and analyzed (circles) gravity wave observed at 30N 150W. The observing network has density similar to that of the SH. (From Szunyogh et al, 2004) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-rms-global-analysis-error-for-temperatures-left-oc-2yvir2i6.png Fig. 10: RMS global analysis error for temperatures (left, oC) and tropical analysis error for zonal winds (right, m/sec). The dashed line is the rms of observations. From left to right, the following percentage of the grid points have “rawinsonde” data: 100% , 11%, 5%, 2%. Since the grid resolution is about 200km, the second is similar to the current rawinsonde density in the Northern Hemisphere, and the 4th to the Southern Hemisphere and tropics (From Szunyogh et al., 2004). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-essential-components-of-an-12eegwq1.png Figure 1: Schematic of the essential components of an ensemble of forecasts: The analysis (denoted by a cross) constitutes the initial condition for the control forecast (dotted); two initial perturbations (dots around the analysis), chosen in this case to be equal and opposite; the perturbed forecasts (full line); the ensemble average (long dashes); and the verifying analysis or truth (dashed). The first schematic is a “good ensemble” in which the truth is a plausible member of the ensemble. The second is an example of a bad ensemble, quite different from the truth, pointing to the presence of deficiencies in the forecasting system (in the analysis, in the ensemble perturbations and/or in the model). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-evolution-of-the-lekf-analysis-error-in-surface-a07y8srf.png Fig. 9: Evolution of the LEKF analysis error in surface pressure in hPa as a function of assimilation step (in units of 6 hr). The rms error of the observations is shown by the dashed line. Observations are made at 11% of the grid points, and the model has T62 horizontal resolution (about 200km). (From Szunyogh et al., 2004). https://scispace.com/papers/predictable-surface-ablation-of-dielectrics-with-few-cycle-4pv8yjmrae 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-real-peak-fluence-on-the-sample-surface-fsample0-as-a-32ybzn9a.png FIG. 4. Real peak fluence on the sample surface Fsample0 as a function of incident pulse energy. The solid curve is the fluence F0 ¼ 2E=pw20 calculated with the parameters defined at low energy without nonlinear effects in air. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-beam-profile-at-the-linear-focus-i-e-at-the-surface-of-36n9vimh.png FIG. 3. Beam profile at the linear focus (i.e., at the surface of the sample) for three incident energies. Every profile is fitted by the equation F rð Þ ¼ P n Eanð 2 1=nn https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2d-mapping-of-the-reconstructed-fluence-along-beam-jqblnhtg.png FIG. 1. 2D mapping of the reconstructed fluence along beam propagation for three different energies corresponding to the three regimes of propagation identified (see after). The fluence is calibrated by taking into account the energy conservation and the measured beam size, considering Gaussian beam propagation for cases (a) and (b) and superposition of Gaussian and superGaussian beams for case (c). The position z¼ 0 (“linear” focus) is indicated by the dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-measured-ablated-diameters-squared-d2-as-a-function-of-2216l0i2.png FIG. 2. Measured ablated diameters squared D2 as a function of incident energy (logarithmic scale). The numerical fit (continuous line) is obtained using the equation D2 ¼ 2w20lnðE=EthÞ for data corresponding to E < EairNL. The ablation threshold Eth¼ 3.6lJ is obtained when the fit reaches D2¼ 0. The data of ablated diameters are averaged over 10 points, using confocal microscopy. Three craters and 1-D profiles are shown in the three different regimes. https://scispace.com/papers/predicted-and-observed-settlements-induced-by-the-mechanized-598qpi94kg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-and-mechanical-soil-parameters-32jpl6t1.png Table 1. Physical and mechanical soil parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hardening-soil-parameters-135vnndv.png Table 3. Hardening Soil parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-numerical-analyses-2uzvjrz8.png Table 4. Numerical analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-plate-characteristics-36ettha7.png Table 2. Plate characteristics. https://scispace.com/papers/predicted-covid-19-fatality-rates-based-on-age-sex-3eyiq2bil0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cifrs-adjusted-for-health-system-capacity-by-income-2lugl5v0.png Table 1 cIFRs, adjusted for health system capacity, by income group (percentage points) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-validation-with-independently-estimated-infection-1qylpna6.png Figure 3 Validation with independently estimated infection fatalityrates (IFRs). (A) Random sample studies, representative of large proportion of country’s population. (B) All studies included in Meyerowitz- Katz and Merone 17 or found through online search. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-infection-fatality-ratio-ifr-by-world-region-column-1vmxuzfe.png Figure 2 Infection fatality ratio (IFR) by world region. Column 1 states total population in millions for each region. Column 2 reports population by 10- year age groups and by number of comorbidities (light grey: 0 comorbidity; dark grey: any comorbidity); the height of the graphs is proportional to the number of people in the most populous age group. Column 3 reports (a) regional IFRs calculated as an average of the IFRs conditional on age, sex and comorbidity weighted by the proportion of the population in each age, sex and comorbidity group and (b) regional IFRs adjusted for health system capacity (see Section Adjusting for differences in health system capacity). https://scispace.com/papers/predicted-oxidation-of-co-catalyzed-by-au-nanoclusters-on-a-3t7sy2dqve 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-c-configurations-of-the-two-dimensional-au20-1p5dlvd1.png Figure 2. (a-c) Configurations of the two-dimensional Au20 island shown in Figure 1 (the color scheme is the same as in Figure 1) with coadsorbed O2 (the atoms marked O(1) and O(2)) and CO (C atom in gray online): (a) the initial optimized configuration;d(O(1)-O(2)) ) 1.52 Å,d(C-O(2)) ) 2.85 Å; (b) the transition state (the nearest-neighbor Mg atoms are marked as I and II); distances ared(O(1)-O(2)) ) 1.55 Å,d(C-O(2)) ) 1.60 Å, d(C-O) ) 1.18 Å,d(C-Mg(II)) ) 2.30 Å; (c) a configuration illustrating formation and desorption of CO2; (d) the total energy profile along the C-O(2) reaction coordinate, with the zero of the energy scale taken for configuration a. The sharp drop past the barrier top corresponds to CO2 formation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-dimensional-au20-island-yellow-on-line-adsorbs-38tmoiqi.png Figure 1. Two-dimensional Au20 island (yellow on line) adsorbs on a twolayer MgO film (O atoms in red and Mg in green) supported on Mo(100) (blue on line), with a coadsorbed O2 molecule. Superimposed we show an isosurface of the excess electronic charge (light blue on line) illustrating activation of the adsorbed molecule through population of the antibonding 2π* orbital. https://scispace.com/papers/predicted-pathogenic-mutations-in-stap1-are-not-associated-34pcya0ym0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-family-carrying-the-c-526c-t-p-pro176ser-mutation-in-3lcskc24.png Fig. 4. Family carrying the c.526C > T, p.(Pro176Ser) mutation in STAP1 gene. NS: Not studied; TC: Total cholesterol; LDLc: Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol; HDLc: High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; CVD: Cardiovascular Disease; Lp(a): Lipoprotein a; ACMG: American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-family-carrying-the-c-291g-c-p-glu97asp-mutation-in-1oyv2jz1.png Fig. 3. Family carrying the c.291G > C, p.(Glu97Asp) mutation in STAP1 gene. NS: Not studied; TC: Total cholesterol; LDLc: Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol; HDLc: High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; CVD: Cardiovascular Disease; Lp(a): Lipoprotein a; ACMG: American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-family-carrying-the-c-35g-a-p-arg12his-mutation-in-rkizogfx.png Fig. 2. Family carrying the c. 35G > A, p.(Arg12His) mutation in STAP1 gene. NS: Not studied; TC: Total cholesterol; LDLc: Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol; HDLc: High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; CVD: Cardiovascular Disease; Lp(a): Lipoprotein a; ACMG: American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-families-carrying-the-c-60a-g-mutation-in-stap1-gene-36vyj883.png Fig. 1. Families carrying the c.-60A > G mutation in STAP1 gene. NS: Not studied; TC: Total cholesterol; LDLc: Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol; HDLc: High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; CVD: Cardiovascular Disease; Lp(a): Lipoprotein a; ACMG: American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-biochemical-characteristics-of-carriers-and-non-3fkbvdrf.png Table 2 Biochemical characteristics of carriers and non-carriers of pathogenic rare variants identified in STAP1 gene. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-accounting-students-intentions-to-engage-in-5bwd8xxc81 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-sample-7mtssyps.png Table 1: Characteristics of the sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hierarchical-regression-analyses-for-intentions-3tpf80xi.png Table 3: Hierarchical regression analyses for intentions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-among-variables-f26h5gd7.png Table 2: Correlations among variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-software-and-music-piracy-intention-model-2xuyd9fn.png Figure 1: Software and Music Piracy Intention Model https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-age-of-atheism-credibility-enhancing-displays-and-3to69jtoo1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relationship-for-creds-predicting-age-of-atheism-2nznskgt.png Table 3. Relationship for CREDs predicting age of atheism while controlling for constructs on a rotating basis (n = 3,210). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-model-1-and-model-2-233wat9g.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics for Model 1 and Model 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relationship-between-creds-and-age-of-atheism-1gbqzvcq.png Table 2. Relationship between CREDs and age of atheism moderated by religious importance, choice, and conflict (n = 5,153). https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-and-containing-epidemic-risk-using-friendship-34yfhoo0j6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-risk-of-infection-on-the-encounter-network-versus-1kvq9fvc.png Fig. 1. Risk of infection on the encounter network versus distance from the seed on the friendship network. For each value of the infection rate β, 10,000 simulations on the encounter network initiated at random single seeds are run. The x-axis plots the distance d from the seed on the friendship network, the y-axis plots the empirical probability that nodes at distance d become infected on the encounter network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-final-infection-size-as-a-function-of-the-immunization-3vraxfxs.png Fig. 5. Final infection size as a function of the immunization method and the infection start time. Given immunization budget b = 5% of the entire population, for each immunization type, 5000 simulations on the encounter network are initiated at random single seeds. Each panel considers a target infection size expressed as a percentage of the entire population. The x-axis shows the infection start time t0(s) of seed s, the y-axis shows the fraction of infections whose final size is above the given target. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fraction-of-infections-that-do-not-die-out-in-the-1az0pujh.png Fig. 4. Fraction of infections that do not die out in the early stage as a function of immunization budget b and immunization method. For each immunization type and b ∈ {1%, 2%, 5%, 10%, 15%}, 5000 simulations on the encounter network initiated at random single seeds are run. The x-axis shows b, the y-axis shows the fraction of infections whose final size is above 0.1% of the entire population (taken as an indicator that the infection did not die out). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-periodical-correction-of-risk-prediction-using-the-3m3lqssc.png Fig. 3. Periodical correction of risk prediction using the friendship network. Shown here is the Jaccard similarity between the predicted infected set on the friendship network and the real infected set on the encounter network before each correction, for different values of the observation window W . For each W ∈ {10, 20, 50}, 6000 single seeds are selected at random, and for each seed one simulation on the encounter network and one (with correction) on the friendship network are run. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-predictability-of-nodes-epidemic-risk-for-each-of-5000-3rnj7py7.png Fig. 2. Predictability of nodes’ epidemic risk. For each of 5000 selections of a random single seed, two simulations on the encounter network, one on the static network and one on the friendship network are run independently. The similarities J·,·(m; s) of the infected sets are shown for different pairs of networks and different target infection size m. On the x-axis, observations for a given value of m form a block with a constant color (within the block, the x position is irrelevant). Black points represent the averages of the metrics over all observations such that the metrics are defined, and bars represent standard deviations. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-ash-deposition-behaviour-for-co-combustion-of-5aeo5q3zf0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-flow-configuration-and-boundary-conditions-of-10a61usp.png Figure 4. The flow configuration and boundary conditions of the 2D computational domain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-impaction-correction-factor-and-comparisons-of-9eueuanu.png Figure 5. The impaction correction factor and comparisons of the predicted particle impaction efficiency using a coarse mesh and the DNS, with and without particle impact correction when (a): 迎結痛=100 and (b): 迎結痛=1685 as a function of the Stokes number. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-overall-sticking-efficiency-for-sac-and-for-2qfgnfmo.png Figure 9. The overall sticking efficiency for SAC and for different levels of PKE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-overall-impaction-efficiency-for-sac-and-for-2v0mm1ee.png Figure 8. The overall impaction efficiency for SAC and for different levels of PKE with and without the revised particle impaction model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-diagram-of-the-geometry-of-the-efr-2kjynaut.png Figure 1. A schematic diagram of the geometry of the EFR based [23, 24]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-diagram-of-the-main-formation-of-the-3u2b7an2.png Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the main formation of the different deposition layers on the front surface of the cylindrical probe. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-impaction-correction-factor-and-impaction-3cnm3i2t.png Figure 7. The impaction correction factor and impaction efficiency of particles as a function of the particle Stokes number. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-arrival-rate-of-fly-ash-particles-that-impact-13j1vw8w.png Figure 6. The arrival rate of fly ash particles that impact the probe surface as a function of the number of cells and the impaction efficiency of particles as a function of the particle Stokes number for 0.7M and 1.6M. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-bank-of-england-s-asset-purchase-decisions-with-2cjeacbctv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-changes-in-the-volume-of-asset-purchases-and-the-mpc-kbarvjgb.png Table 1: Changes in the Volume of Asset Purchases and the MPC Voting Record https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-volume-of-asset-purchases-and-disagreement-in-i3inp4ng.png Figure 1: The Volume of Asset Purchases and Disagreement in the MPC https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-behavioral-loyalty-through-corporate-social-46e7hmpnxk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-model-fit-indices-between-direct-2mn9c8a7.png Table 5 Comparison of model fit indices between direct effects model and hypothesized model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bootstrap-test-of-indirect-and-total-effects-311xy74x.png Table 4 Bootstrap test of indirect and total effects. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hypothesized-model-the-rectangle-represents-an-nmj2ajvp.png Fig. 1. Hypothesized model. The rectangle represents an observed variable, and the circles represent latent variables. Control variables are not shown. H = Hypothesis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-standardized-factor-loadings-construct-reliability-1u0h9ec4.png Table 2 Standardized factor loadings, construct reliability coefficients, and average variance extracted for the measurement model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-results-of-structural-model-the-rectangle-represents-3nw3xn3y.png Fig. 2. Results of structural model. The rectangle represents an observed variable, and the circles represent latent variables. * p < .05, ** p < .01. Tenure = Membership tenure; PERF = Perceived performance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-of-multi-group-analysis-by-club-membership-26qmbun9.png Table 6 Results of multi-group analysis by club membership category. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-and-correlations-of-the-3gspq114.png Table 3 Descriptive statistics and correlations of the constructs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-previous-research-examining-mediators-in-the-csr-33izjp9e.png Table 1 Previous research examining mediators in the CSR–loyalty relationship. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-and-interpreting-covid-19-transmission-rates-from-1wh9xiv1r2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-framework-for-pooling-data-on-covid-19-mitigation-y7arls2w.png Figure 1. Framework for pooling data on COVID-19 mitigation. While one’s immediate attention is drawn to the numbers of daily cases, they are driven by the transmission rate of infections which in turn could be controlled using non-pharmaceutical interventions such as government policies. Much of quantitative epidemiology focused on the part of predicting infections using rates. However, by focusing on the transmission rates, one can integrate the data from many places into a common framework for learning about the relation between the government policies and the infection rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-daily-infections-and-transmission-rates-the-graphic-3v97n0s6.png Figure 2. Daily infections and transmission rates. The graphic shows the daily new infections reported by Texas between 16th March (week number 12) and 9th of August (week number 32). Also shown are the daily instantaneous rate 1/Iactive·dI/dt as well as its weekly average at= <1/Iactive·dI/dt > that we calculated. The rate that is observed in a week is assumed to be a result of the policies in the earlier week. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-overdesign-if-the-conditions-are-overdesigned-for-3ky67v10.png Figure 7. Overdesign. If the conditions are overdesigned for the baseline transmission rate that is currently active, then relaxing one or two constraints will have minimal effect on the rate. The rate data for week 31 is shown. The effect of relaxing one or any two constraints on the baseline transmission rate is examined It is clear that relaxing two constraints increases the transmission rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-correlations-of-factors-to-transmission-rates-the-q6z56bny.png Figure 5. Correlations of factors to transmission rates. The SHAP contributions of the individual variables to the individual rate predictions are shown for four different variables. The mean and standard deviation of these categories are shown in red. A significant difference beyond the errorbar is seen in only some cases. In our analysis, Mobility information did not display any significant differences, despite high contributions. Here the colorbar indicates the transmission rate at. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-shap-decomposition-of-individual-contributions-the-moe8ow9t.png Figure 6. SHAP decomposition of individual contributions. The transmission rate in Alabama changed from 0.06 in week 28 to 0.03 in week 29 (Rt from 1.2 to 0.6 assuming g=1/20). Mask mandate was introduced on July 16 (Week 29). We used SHAP framework to decompose the contributions of individual factors to the transmission rate prediction. It can be clearly see that the role of the Mask switched https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-contribution-from-individual-factors-we-used-the-2svtswnf.png Figure 4. Contribution from individual factors. We used the SHAP interpretable AI framework to identify the contributions from individual variables to the transmission rates, at. The color bar indicates the relative value of the individual policy instrument or feature. Restaurants, and masks emerge as dominant features. Mask is anticorrelated (as can also be seen in Figure 5C) because the enforcement of masks (code 2 in our scheme) reduces the spread compared to no-mask scenario. Mobility has high contributions in magnitude, but no correlations could be established. Separating these contributions is an attempt to decouple the different factors using the tools from AI, but the relation cannot be immediately interpreted as being causal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-correlations-between-predicted-and-observed-rates-a-tjg43tra.png Figure 3. Correlations between predicted and observed rates. A. The overall quality of the training and test data (R2training=0.79, R 2 test=0.76) is shown. B. The weekly pattern of observed rates and predicted rates. The average number of daily new cases in that week is also shown for clarity. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-bond-return-predictability-3nce4azuyt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-out-of-sample-r2-across-states-17xgoiyr.png Table 5: Out-of-sample R2 across states https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-cer-gains-across-states-1dwe5p8k.png Table 8: CER gains across states https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-stochastic-weights-on-economy-0-1g3xxpeu.png Figure 9: Stochastic weights on economy 0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relative-forecasting-performance-f18cnr3v.png Figure 3: Relative forecasting performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-economic-value-1ycj5vqo.png Table 7: Economic Value https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-out-of-sample-results-3uwmql1p.png Table 2: Out-of-sample results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bond-risk-premia-forecasts-for-dynamic-combination-kwxeplp4.png Figure 6: Bond risk premia forecasts for dynamic combination strategy https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-bikeshare-system-usage-up-to-one-day-ahead-jxpzdbwifj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-whole-system-yellow-area-2st0ra6d.png Figure 1. Overview of the whole system. Yellow area corresponds to feature extraction, blue area to training, pink area to testing and green area to evaluating https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-parameters-tested-for-each-regressor-during-the-16yqeafo.png Table III PARAMETERS TESTED FOR EACH REGRESSOR DURING THE GRID SEARCH STEP. ONLY THE BEST PERFORMING SET OF PARAMETERS IS USED ON THE VALIDATION DATASET. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-the-error-rate-depending-on-the-14cwoux8.png Figure 2. Evolution of the error rate depending on the prediction delay on the training and validation datasets. We can observe over-fitting for several regressors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-difference-between-the-prediction-of-each-algorithm-1u94o5c7.png Figure 3. Difference between the prediction of each algorithm and the ground truth on the first 200 hours of the validation dataset https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-existing-work-on-usage-prediction-and-1546jtav.png Table I SUMMARY OF EXISTING WORK ON USAGE PREDICTION AND PRESENTATION OF BEST RESULT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-between-the-prediction-of-some-of-the-ekrxwjmh.png Figure 4. Comparison between the prediction of some of the best methods and the ground truth on the last 500 hours of the validation dataset (notice the logarithmic scale) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-list-of-features-used-depending-on-the-delta-36kbpzdw.png Table II LIST OF FEATURES USED DEPENDING ON THE DELTA BETWEEN THE CURRENT TIME AND THE MOMENT WHEN WE WANT A PREDICTION. THE HIGHER THE DELAY, THE LOWER THE NUMBER OF FEATURES AVAILABLE https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-performance-lower-is-better-of-each-prediction-339poobg.png Table IV PERFORMANCE (LOWER IS BETTER) OF EACH PREDICTION SYSTEM FOR THE 24 DELAYS. THE BEST PERFORMING SYSTEM FOR EACH DELAY IS PRESENTED IN BOLD. “+” MARKS SYSTEMS PERFORMING BETTER THAN THE BEST BASELINE, “-” MARKS SYSTEMS PERFORMING WORST THAN THE BEST BASELINE, “=” MARKS THE BEST BASELINE. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-cellular-drug-sensitivity-using-conditional-3gqtbeh6tr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-architecture-of-conditional-cellular-sensitivity-2wmkixzv.png Figure 2: Architecture of conditional cellular sensitivity model. L1000 gene expression representations (right) are conditioned by small molecule representations (left) using an architecture based on FiLM. Learned parameters are applied element-wise for modulation of input features to predict cellular percent viability as a function of cellular gene expression conditioned on drug chemical structure. γ and β subscripts refer to the ith input’s cth feature map. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dataset-layout-545-small-molecule-drugs-tested-2ak30q6d.png Figure 1: Dataset layout. 545 small molecule drugs tested across a range of dosages in up to 830 unique cancer cell lines comprise 5,767,552 average percent cellular viability measurements. Cell lines were split into 5 folds and models were trained and validated on L1000 gene expression values, conditioned by small molecule structures and dosages, for prediction of percent cellular viability. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-parameters-cluster-by-small-molecule-dosage-in-t-21dld3ha.png Figure 3: Parameters cluster by small molecule dosage in t-SNE of 32 dimensional FiLM parameters, supporting the substantial role of drug dosage in the model’s modulation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-coefficients-of-determination-under-5-fold-2e9y61rf.png Table 1: Average coefficients of determination under 5-fold cross validation and identical training regimens for models predicting drug-conditioned cellular viabilities from gene expression. FiLM models outperform scaling or biasing modulation of gene expression values. A straw model trained on data absent of structural features (Drug ID only) fails to explain comparable amounts of percent cellular sensitivity variance. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-chinese-human-resource-managers-strategic-1yvueddics 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-examining-moderated-mediation-models-1xhob910.png Table 2 (Cont.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-reliability-coefficients-and-13jggko5.png Table 1 Descriptive Statistics, Reliability Coefficients, and Inter-Correlations among Variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-interaction-between-professional-identification-and-3pcx0axh.png Figure 2. Interaction between Professional Identification and Organizational Support for SHRM on Career Adaptability Notes: Low professional identification and low organizational support for SHRM are defined as at least one standard deviation below the mean; high professional identification and organizational support for SHRM are defined as at least one standard deviation above the mean. High numbers indicate greater career adaptability. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-proposed-model-1vfoup2v.png Figure 1. The Proposed Model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cont-1z45905b.png Table 2 (Cont.) https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-counterproductive-work-behavior-from-guilt-1s0plb7x9q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-counterproductive-work-behavior-regression-analysis-2ylhosfv.png Table 2: Counterproductive Work Behavior Regression Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bivariate-correlations-and-descriptive-statistics-7xzirgid.png Table 1: Bivariate Correlations and Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-content-consumption-from-content-to-content-5grp1wrp6h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-degree-and-weight-distributions-of-the-cn-2va67jag.png Figure 4: Degree and weight distributions of the CN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentages-of-the-number-of-published-torrents-and-ewlimf1e.png Figure 2: Percentages of the number of published torrents and number of users who download the corresponding torrents in each content category, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cache-hit-ratio-of-each-algorithm-is-plotted-the-muxvg97z.png Figure 7: Cache hit ratio of each algorithm is plotted. The CLFU outperforms others, which signifies that the CN can be effectively used to improve caching performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-similarity-indices-of-categories-publishers-and-2nsjxrc8.png Figure 5: The similarity indices of categories, publishers, and titles of contents in the same community, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distributions-of-a-torrent-popularity-in-terms-of-1hlts8zu.png Figure 3: Distributions of (a) torrent popularity in terms of number of users who downloaded the corresponding torrent, (b) publisher contribution in terms of number of torrents published by each publisher, and (c) publish popularity in terms of number of users who downloaded the torrents published by each publisher. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-illustrative-example-of-a-bipartite-network-b-v-3cidznfq.png Figure 1: An illustrative example of a bipartite network B = (V,U, Z), as well as its V projection. V represents the set of content and U is the set of users who downloaded the content. An undirected weighted graph G = (V,E,W ) represents a CN where V is the set of contents, E is the set of edges between two contents, and W is the set of weights of the corresponding edges. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-average-precision-of-each-method-for-content-z2b9a3lz.png Figure 6: Average precision of each method for content recommendation. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-dementia-screening-and-staging-scores-from-2zv647h1ej 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-visualisation-of-feature-distribution-in-relation-to-233w9hn2.png Fig. 3. Visualisation of feature distribution in relation to MMSE and CDR-SOB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-left-panel-shows-the-types-of-dementia-according-3n7pe79e.png Fig. 1. The left panel shows the types of dementia, according to their cause, including Fronto-Temporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD), and Vascular Dementia (VD); the dotted areas indicate those cases where more than one cause underlies the disorder. The right panel shows other, mostly reversible, causes for dementia-like symptoms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-pearson-correlation-of-mmse-cdr-sob-and-computed-319yvutg.png TABLE III PEARSON CORRELATION OF MMSE, CDR-SOB AND COMPUTED FEATURES. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-mean-absolute-error-mae-95-confidence-interval-and-29xybqdc.png TABLE V MEAN ABSOLUTE ERROR (MAE) [95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL] AND MEAN ± STANDARD DEVIATION OF MMSE AND CDR-SOB PREDICTION FOR A SVR MODEL BY DIAGNOSIS GROUP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-confusion-matrix-for-mmse-and-cdr-sob-predictions-as-3sd5pf6w.png Fig. 4. Confusion matrix for MMSE and CDR-SOB predictions, as heat-map, obtained using a SVR model and rounding predictions to the nearest scale values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-mean-absolute-error-mae-and-95-confidence-intervals-frzbti2y.png TABLE IV MEAN ABSOLUTE ERROR (MAE) AND 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVALS FOR DIFFERENT REGRESSION MODELS. BEST PERFORMANCE INDICATED IN BOLD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-k-for-cdr-sob-staging-different-cut-off-strategies-1spzybee.png TABLE VI κ FOR CDR-SOB STAGING, DIFFERENT CUT-OFF STRATEGIES. ESTIMATED VALUE WITH 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL. BEST PERFORMANCE INDICATED IN BOLD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-confusion-matrix-for-mmse-categories-and-cdr-sob-3c6rtoex.png Fig. 5. Confusion Matrix for MMSE categories and CDR-SOB stages, as heat-map. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-disengagement-from-judicial-proceedings-by-female-2pedtpftzs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-of-the-process-of-data-collection-and-y43ah3k7.png Figure 1. Flowchart of the process of data collection and sampling. The discontinuous line divides two moments of data collection: independent variables data (IIVV) were collected in 2011, the dependent variable data (DV) was known in 2011 for the retrospective study and in 2014 for the prospective study. The total of the sample is colored in orange; the information for the retrospective study by Cala et al. (2016) is colored in blue; the information for the current prospective study and aims are colored in green. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-food-web-structure-with-metacommunity-models-3yhjewjw47 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-continued-1479eiss.png Figure 4. (Continued). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-continued-1k460iey.png Figure 3. (Continued). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-metacommunity-model-distributions-for-pitcher-plant-3lzqa76s.png Figure 3. (Continued). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-metacommunity-models-leibold-et-al-2004-that-were-3stp48y2.png Table 1. Metacommunity models (Leibold et al. 2004) that were used to simulate the assembly of Sarracenia food webs. Italics indicate how we met each metacommunity assumption in our pitcher plant model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-interaction-plots-comparing-standardized-z-scores-17qghfh3.png Figure 4. (Continued). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-continued-1vw8bx5c.png Figure 3. (Continued). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-main-components-of-the-sarracenia-food-web-captured-23h0i3ie.png Figure 2. Main components of the Sarracenia food web. Captured prey is shredded by both midge Metriocnemus knabi and flesh fly Fletcherimyia fletcheri larvae into particulate organic matter (POM) and directly decomposed by Bacteria. Bacteria also feed on POM along with mites (Sarraceniopus gibsoni) and rotifers (Habrotrocha rosa). Bacteria is consumed by protozoa, rotifers (which also prey on protozoa), all of which are preyed upon by the top predators the larvae of the mosquito Wyeomyia smithii and the sarcophagid fly F. fletcheri. Fletcherimyia larvae are cannibalistic and also prey upon on 1st- and 2nd-instar W. smithii larvae. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-epidemics-on-directed-contact-networks-4gluo0irw6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-epidemiological-predictions-on-undirected-and-semi-kji3ghjt.png Fig. 6. Epidemiological predictions on undirected and semi-directed contact networks. This graph shows the expected size of small outbreaks below the epidemic threshold (left), and the probability and expected size of a large-scale epidemic above the epidemic threshold (rate) for diseases with various transmission rates (T) spreading through an urban contact network. The predictions for the semi-directed and undirected networks are shown in black and gray, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-contact-networks-a-undirected-network-b-bipartite-3us61gic.png Fig. 1. Contact networks: (A) undirected network; (B) bipartite network; and (C) semi-directed network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simple-semi-directed-network-a-the-expected-size-of-a-15dtr0mu.png Fig. 3. Simple semi-directed network. (A) The expected size of a small outbreak as a function of Td and Tu for a Poisson semi-directed network with Poisson parameters zd ¼ 2 and zu ¼ 3. (B) The epidemic threshold for a Poisson semi-directed network with Poisson parameters zd and zu. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-epidemiological-predictions-for-undirected-directed-uknapk2n.png Fig. 5. Epidemiological predictions for undirected, directed and semi-directed networks. The probability of an epidemic and expected fraction of the population infected during an epidemic for three classes networks: (N1) a completely undirected Poisson network with mean degree z; (N2) a semi-directed network with Poisson undirected and in-degree distributions of mean degree z=2, and with every vertex having an out-degree of exactly z=2; and (N3) a completely directed network with a Poisson in-degree distribution of mean degree z, and with every vertex having an out-degree of exactly z. For each of these networks, we plot the predicted probability and size of an epidemic (S) as a function of the average transmissibility of the disease (T). SN1 is both the expected magnitude and probability of an epidemic in network N1 and SN2size and SN2prob (SN3size and SN3prob ) are the expected magnitude and probability of an epidemic in N2 (N3). The left and right three lines correspond to networks with z ¼ 8 and 4, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-structure-of-a-semi-directed-network-the-largest-set-1zikwuh6.png Fig. 4. Structure of a semi-directed network. The largest set of vertices for which you can move between any two by following edges in the correct direction is the giant strongly connected component (GSCC). The set of vertices not contained in the GSCC that can be reached by following edges in the correct direction from the GSCC is called the giant out-component (GOUT). The set of vertices not contained in the GSCC from which the GSCC can be reached by following edges in the correct direction is called the giant in-component (GIN). Vertices that are not in the GSCC, GIN, or GOUT but can either be reached from the GIN or can reach the GOUT are in the tendrils of the network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-individual-precautions-an-individual-can-lower-the-3ke3icr5.png Fig. 8. Individual precautions. An individual can lower the probability that he or she will become infected during an epidemic by taking measures that limit transmission. The x-axis gives the percent reduction in transmissibility between the individual and all of his or her directed and undirected contacts for a disease originally above the epidemic threshold, Td ¼ Tu ¼ 0:1. The average likelihood of infection across the entire population is shown in black bars. The benefit of intervention is much greater for members of the general public (gray bars) than for HCWs (white bars). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-hospital-based-intervention-the-probability-of-a-large-2s9ksk6f.png Fig. 7. Hospital-based intervention. The probability of a large-scale epidemic decreases as the HCWs use increasingly strict hygienic precautions for a disease originally above the epidemic threshold, Td ¼ Tu ¼ 0:1. The x-axis gives the percent reduction in transmissibility along directed edges pointing from members of the general public to HCWs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-future-transmission-diagram-when-disease-is-2vd98sg3.png Fig. 2. Future transmission diagram. When disease is transmitted along a directed (top) or undirected (bottom) edge, we can consider all possible patterns of future transmission. Starting from a directed edge, for example, the disease may not spread along the edge, it may spread along the edge but no further, it may spread along the original edge and then subsequently along another directed edge, it may spread along the original edge and then subsequently along an undirected edge, it may spread along the original edge and then subsequently along two different directed edges emanating from the same vertex, etc. We construct recursive equations to consider all possible outcomes beginning from a single directed or undirected edge. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-factors-of-positive-orientation-and-attitudes-547id5tdwd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sociodemographic-characteristics-n-1244-1000568s.png Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics (n = 1244) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-personal-and-environmental-characteristics-and-1hard0ia.png Table 6 Personal and environmental characteristics and factor scores on attitudes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-predictors-of-a-positive-attitude-towards-nursing-37kaiz5p.png Table 7 Predictors of a positive attitude towards nursing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-survey-responses-for-nursing-agency-and-advocacy-8xf24vyz.png Table 5 Survey responses for ‘nursing agency’ and ‘advocacy & empathy’. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-survey-responses-for-caring-orientation-nursing-2rt91xph.png Table 2 Survey responses for ‘caring orientation’, ‘nursing expertise’ and ‘life orientation’. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-personal-and-environmental-characteristics-and-ro9kze6a.png Table 3 Personal and environmental characteristics and factor scores on orientation. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-faces-and-houses-category-specific-visual-action-2d1oolyged 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-erps-in-the-400-ms-following-stimulus-onset-for-the-3tdm6svp.png Figure 3: ERPs in the 400 ms following stimulus onset for the four regions of interest. Inlays show ERPs for the middle (P2) time window. Topographic plots for Face minus House conditions in the early and middle time windows, and for Congruent minus Incongruent stimuli in the late time window. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-erp-for-the-four-regions-of-interest-during-the-1pvgo4sg.png Figure 2: ERP for the four regions of interest during the action preparation period (with action onset at -200 ms). Topographic map shows average amplitude of predict Face minus predict House conditions from -600 ms to -200 ms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-the-face-and-house-stimuli-used-in-the-25fdg6m1.png Figure 1: Examples of the Face and House stimuli used in the current experiment. Timeline of the experimental procedure for the test phase for congruent trials, incongruent trials and catch trials. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-performance-in-an-introductory-programming-course-4syijcam2j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-explanatory-power-of-watwin-and-jadud-during-the-3p7db5vm.png Figure 2. Explanatory Power of Watwin and Jadud During The Course https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-watwin-scoring-algorithm-neither-the-components-1r9idiy4.png Figure 1. Watwin Scoring Algorithm. Neither the components included nor penalties assigned were the result of random guesswork, but were based upon previous, and our own research. Sec. III B(1) and Sec. III B(3). https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-malware-attributes-from-cybersecurity-texts-20mhr8jz89 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-annotated-sentence-fragment-for-semeval-shared-task-zsnwn7u0.png Figure 1: Annotated sentence fragment for SemEval shared task. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-system-architecture-1vhjosv4.png Figure 2: System Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evaluation-results-b1-b3-are-the-three-baselines-s1-h9d5ki0m.png Table 1: Evaluation Results. B1-B3 are the three baselines. S1-S6 are our models with six different sets of predicting features. ∆1-∆3 are the improvements of our best models over the three baselines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-architecture-of-wae-model-2rnb1ra4.png Figure 4: Architecture of WAE Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-snippet-of-the-maec-specification-fdb3nx71.png Figure 3: A Snippet of the MAEC Specification https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-player-trajectories-in-shot-situations-in-soccer-nqzf4egm87 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-dataset-1hv6yilx.png Table 1. Summary of dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-confusion-matrix-for-directional-prediction-errors-192oddjk.png Table 4. Confusion matrix for directional prediction errors over 2s, 5s, and 10s. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cross-evaluation-using-ten-random-players-errors-1qy7lnao.png Table 5. Cross-evaluation using ten random players - errors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-error-for-different-player-roles-3beh7wog.png Table 3. Error for different player roles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cdfs-of-the-relative-errors-1i6u9wnr.png Fig. 2. CDFs of the relative errors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-rollouts-1n3p9q0u.png Fig. 1. Example rollouts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-rollouts-of-the-same-play-with-different-2xna88h8.png Fig. 3. Example rollouts of the same play with different policies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-impact-of-window-size-3j5hq1xx.png Table 2. Impact of window size. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-online-community-churners-using-gaussian-2612fv04pp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-period-entropy-distribution-on-serverfault-for-1ubpx1k8.png Fig. 2. Period entropy distribution on ServerFault for different fidelity settings (k) for users’ lifecycles and different measures of social (indegree and out degree) and lexical dynamics. The green dashed line shows the non-churners, while the red solid line shows the churners. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-tuned-hyperparameters-for-the-various-proposed-3vje34c7.png Table 3. Tuned hyperparameters for the various proposed models as λ, η pairs https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-splits-of-users-within-the-datasets-and-the-churn-18bd90mv.png Table 1. Splits of users within the datasets and the churn window duration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-period-cross-entropy-distribution-on-serverfault-for-1ela9kc8.png Fig. 3. Period cross-entropy distribution on ServerFault for different fidelity settings (k) for users’ lifecycles and different measures of social (indegree and out degree) and lexical dynamics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-gap-distributions-across-users-of-the-different-2630vxsd.png Fig. 1. Gap distributions across users of the different platforms. The mean and median of the distributions are shown using blue dashed and red dotted lines respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-area-under-the-receiver-operator-characteristic-roc-2mjjftm9.png Table 2. Area under the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) Curve results for the different Gaussian Sequence Models and Learning Procedures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-community-cross-entropy-distribution-for-different-121jvtad.png Fig. 4. Community cross-entropy distribution for different fidelity settings (k) for users’ lifecycles and different measures of social (indegree and out degree) and lexical dynamics. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-pesticide-fate-in-the-hive-part-2-development-of-1v91w7b2yq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-pesticide-distribution-in-the-1otqlb0m.png Figure 1. Schematic diagram of pesticide distribution in the hive ecosystem. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-advection-reaction-and-exchange-processes-214us5bs.png Figure 3. Advection, reaction and exchange processes calculated by the model for τ-fluvalinate in the hive ecosystem. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-parameters-used-in-table-i-7ep79lp3.png Table II. Parameters used in Table I. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-predicted-and-measured-concentrations-3f6iok7j.png Figure 2. Comparison of predicted and measured concentrations of τ-fluvalinate in bees, wax and honey. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-recessions-with-factor-linear-dynamic-harmonic-6cuimt37wz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-gdp-growth-and-forecasts-3sqclyf3.png Figure 9. GDP growth and forecasts https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-nvr-estimates-of-individual-monthly-variables-36wm4giq.png Table III. NVR estimates of individual monthly variables: estimation period 1986:M1–2009:M12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-cli-leading-ipi-recessions-mo2jmc4c.png Table VII. CLI leading IPI recessions https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-turning-point-characterization-of-the-spanish-2c5cgidz.png Table I. Turning-point characterization of the Spanish economy during the 2008 crisis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-eigenvalues-of-cy-k-for-different-lags-k-muu2hs9w.png Figure 4. Eigenvalues of Cy.k/ for different lags k https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-normalized-eigenvector-associated-with-the-larger-b5lwtk3o.png Figure 5. Normalized eigenvector associated with the larger eigenvalue of Cy.k/ for different lags k https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-evolution-of-the-weights-used-to-build-the-1pa47ewn.png Figure 6. Evolution of the weights used to build the composite leading indicator (using only the information available at each point in time) https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-estimated-models-for-annual-data-all-estimated-39hbpa60.png Table VIII. Estimated models for annual data. All estimated coefficients are statistically significant at 1%. Sample: 1978–2006 https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-role-of-dosimetric-parameters-for-nonclassic-4ucotmdj1a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1gnkdzw3.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-qngsv6z9.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1qeazw1t.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-remote-versus-collocated-group-interactions-using-x0vg0omjvr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-performance-of-group-features-on-predicting-the-3stzynfc.png Figure 4: Performance of group features on predicting the collocated and remote meeting (Task 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-group-speaking-turns-for-each-of-the-9-sets-of-11udc6yx.png Figure 5: Group Speaking Turns for each of the 9 sets of AMIDA meetings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-scenarios-of-the-amida-corpus-the-user-ww3282lg.png Figure 3: The scenarios of the AMIDA corpus. The user interface designer (UD) is the remote participant in B and C meetings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-our-approach-features-are-extracted-then-2b1hzlto.png Figure 1: Our approach. Features are extracted, then classifiers are used for three tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-top-the-meeting-room-of-collocated-participants-2d5utlg9.png Figure 2: Top: The meeting room of collocated participants (left) and the meeting room of the remote participant (right). The desktop monitor in each of the rooms show the rest of the group members. Bottom: The meeting view that the remote participant (left) and the collocated participants (right) look at during the meetings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-performance-of-individual-features-on-predicting-xue0v7k5.png Figure 8: Performance of individual features on predicting the remote participant (Task 3) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-performance-of-group-features-on-predicting-the-o13mf6ih.png Figure 6: Performance of group features on predicting the collocated meeting (Task 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-average-of-individual-speaking-length-for-each-of-3vw3pw77.png Figure 7: Average of Individual Speaking Length for each of the roles in remote meetings. The user interface designer is always the remote participant https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-returns-and-rent-growth-in-the-housing-market-4q9erh8zd0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-39wj0da3.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-return-and-rent-growth-predictability-using-real-xd6a5jsk.png Table 4. Return and rent growth predictability using real data https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-null-hypotheses-in-the-joint-tests-1rxp5lod.png Table 3. Null hypotheses in the joint tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-nominal-return-and-rent-growth-predictability-before-od4y1x5f.png Table 8. Nominal return and rent growth predictability before and after 1995 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-return-and-rent-growth-predictability-using-2xgfyj9c.png Table 7. Return and rent growth predictability using quarterly real data https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-real-return-and-rent-growth-predictability-before-202ch6r7.png Table 9. Real return and rent growth predictability before and after 1995 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-series-plot-of-real-house-prices-and-rents-2na2bau3.png Figure 1. Time-series plot of real house prices and rents https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-return-and-rent-growth-predictability-using-nominal-2wkpjl6a.png Table 2. Return and rent growth predictability using nominal data https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-the-cavitating-marine-propeller-noise-at-design-11t3powpcb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-acronyms-exploited-in-the-paper-3u99hrtx.png Table 1: Acronyms exploited in the paper. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-model-propellers-characteristics-1f5oj9pi.png Table 2: The model propellers characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-comparison-between-the-best-pm-ddm-and-hm-in-2hiasdj7.png Figure 23: Comparison between the best PM, DDM, and HM in predicting the different parameters of NSP1 according to Table 6. Figure reports the scatter plot (measured values on the x axis and predicted ones on the y axis) in the extrapolation scenario with best FS according to Table 6 for the different parameters of NSP1 (see Table 4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-max-pooling-on-a-two-dimensional-tensor-3msyeqbe.png Figure 15: Max pooling on a two-dimensional tensor: substitution of the deterministic function max to the learned filter in a convolution on a two-dimensional tensor (see Figure 14). Note that, for simplicity, the padding, the dilation, and the stride have been not reported, since they are analogous to the ones of Figure 14. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-comparison-between-the-best-pm-ddm-and-hm-in-iepo4scz.png Table 8: Comparison between the best PM, DDM, and HM in predicting the different parameters of NSP2 according to Table 6. Table reports the errors measured with the MAE, MAPE, and PPMCC (see Subsection 3.1) in the interpolation and extrapolation scenarios with best FS according to Table 6 for the different parameters of NSP2 (see Table 4). Note that for the PM the best FS is not indicated since it always uses just a subset of the FS1 and that the PM is only able to predict a subset of the parameters of NSP2 (see Subsection 3.2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-comparison-between-the-best-pm-ddm-and-hm-in-3i2qkemd.png Table 9: Comparison between the best PM, DDM, and HM in predicting the different parameters of NSP3 according to Table 6. Table reports the errors measured with the MAE, MAPE, and PPMCC (see Subsection 3.1) in the interpolation and extrapolation scenarios with best FS according to Table 6 for the different parameters of NSP3 (see Table 4). Note that for the PM the best FS is not indicated since it always uses just a subset of the FS1 and that the PM is only able to predict a subset of the parameters of NSP2 (see Subsection 3.2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-adopted-spectrum-simplification-z7nd03mo.png Figure 7: Adopted spectrum simplification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-schema-of-the-tuning-algorithm-for-the-prediction-z46kjq8m.png Figure 8: Schema of the tuning algorithm for the prediction of the vortex peak. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-source-code-changes-by-mining-change-history-2y86co3txk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-statistics-on-the-eclipse-and-mozilla-cvs-repositories-23tj88u1.png Fig. 1. Statistics on the Eclipse and Mozilla CVS repositories. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-transaction-statistics-of-eclipse-and-mozilla-1e47v1a2.png TABLE 2 Transaction Statistics of Eclipse and Mozilla https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-statistics-from-patterns-formed-in-the-training-data-20osd2sb.png TABLE 3 Statistics from Patterns Formed in the Training Data of Eclipse and Mozilla https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-recall-versus-precision-plot-showing-the-frequent-w8vdbqhd.png Fig. 2. Recall versus precision plot showing the frequent pattern algorithm applied to the two target systems, Eclipse and Mozilla. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-performance-on-pattern-computation-on-eclipse-3skgmfie.png TABLE 6 Performance on Pattern Computation on Eclipse https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mozilla-recommendation-categorization-by-2wags7jh.png TABLE 4 Mozilla Recommendation Categorization by Interestingness Value https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-eclipse-recommendation-categorization-by-7fyw3jfc.png TABLE 5 Eclipse Recommendation Categorization by Interestingness Value https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-spike-protein-ntd-mutations-of-sars-cov-2-causing-531o0293q4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-changes-in-binding-modes-between-ntd-and-2stpw6i7.png Figure 5. The changes in binding modes between NTD and antibody 5-24. (A) The https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-binding-interface-of-glyco-ntd-to-11-antibodies-1q7zs888.png Figure 1. The binding interface of glyco-NTD to 11 antibodies. The left is S protein trimer with different colors for each chain and the right is a larger view of NTD. Glycans are shown as lines and the NTD is shown as surface. The red region represents the superimposed interfaces to 11 antibodies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-contribution-of-r246-and-i246-in-11-ntd-3jmddkir.png Figure 4. The contribution of R246 and I246 in 11 NTD-antibody systems. 251 snapshots from 30-60ns trajectories are used for per residue energy decomposition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-binding-free-energy-between-prototype-or-r246i-11rcw1vs.png Figure 3. The binding free energy between prototype or R246I mutation NTD and mAbs. The binding free energy in WT is filled with blue, and the binding free energy in R246I mutant is filled with dark red. The relative binding free energy percentage (ΔΔG/ΔGWT =(ΔGR246I-ΔGWT)/ ΔGWT) between WT and R246I is filled with cyan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-key-residues-for-ntd-antibody-binding-selected-12vucc8s.png Figure 2. The key residues for NTD-antibody binding selected from NTD. (A) The heatmap of vital residues. The y axis presents the residues on NTD; the x axis presents PDB ID of different NTD-antibody complexes. The bar on the right represents the correlation between binding energy contribution and the color. (B) The occupancy https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-the-distribution-of-encephalartos-latifrons-a-ae1jr7bgsf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-categories-of-environmental-data-included-in-the-1d1v5yh1.png Table 1 Categories of environmental data included in the MaxEnt model for identifying suitable habitat for Encephalartos latifrons https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-areas-in-ha-of-predicted-habitat-suitability-within-c7kuvnbz.png Table 3 Areas (in ha) of predicted habitat suitability within the study area (see Fig. 2) in relation to three conservation layers: the current network of formal protected areas, the network of the National Protected Area Expansion Strategy (NPAES), and critical biodiversity areas (i.e. CBAs of category CBA1) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-habitat-suitability-index-map-for-the-albany-cycad-5djojdpt.png Fig. 2 Habitat suitability index map for the Albany cycad Encephalartos latifrons, including formal protected areas, areas forming part of the NPAES, and critical biodiversity areas (i.e. CBA1 areas, as defined in Berliner et al. 2007), Eastern Cape, South Africa https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-table-showing-whether-or-not-the-defined-9rq6pert.png Table 4 Table showing whether or not the defined conservation objective was met, based on the results of the species distribution model (SDM), for two conservation decisions made by South African authorities in regard to the placement of Encephalartos latifrons wild plants in 1993 (cf. Table 2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-study-area-showing-suurberg-quartzite-2o02oovx.png Fig. 1 Map of the study area showing Suurberg Quartzite Fynbos, a vegetation group of the Fynbos Biome associated with the distribution of the Albany cycad Encephalartos latifrons. The solid black line denotes separation of the study area into two rainfall regions (adapted from Rebelo et al. 2006) and different fireclimate zones (adapted from Kraaij et al. 2014) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-first-steps-of-structured-decision-analysis-f151hl5v.png Table 2 The first steps of structured decision analysis (Guisan et  al. 2013) for the conservation problems faced by South African authorities in regard to placement of Encephalartos latifrons wild plants: problem identification and defining objectives https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-the-exposure-of-coastal-species-to-plastic-1xs5f6m93z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evidenced-and-speculated-consequences-of-exposure-to-31tbab77.png Table 1: Evidenced and speculated consequences of exposure to plastic pollution for coral reefs, marine turtles, and mangroves, for details of the data used please see online appendix 1. 609 The consequences have been split into that of macroplastics (objects > 5 mm), and microplastics (objects < 5 mm). 610 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-justification-and-importance-of-each-source-1vm2o5qy.png Table 2: The justification and importance of each source location in the plastic dispersal simulations (Figure 1). 612 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-shows-australia-with-the-state-of-queensland-in-2dwn774y.png Figure 1: (A) shows Australia with the state of Queensland in dark grey; (B) the extend of the Great Barrier Reef World 588 Heritage Area off the coast of Queensland (blue shaded area), and the location of the Whitsundays region as the black box; 589 (C) the SLIM mesh as grey geometric lines and the placement of the hydrodynamic simulation seeding locations, shown as 590 black circles. The river catchments are shown in green hues, with streams and rivers shown in dark grey. 591 https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-the-frequency-dependent-effective-excess-charge-fb6zg6osue 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-quasi-static-effective-excess-charge-density-and-3dcgp223.png Figure 9: (a) Quasi-static effective excess charge density and (b) coupling coefficient prediction of the proposed model for the sandstone sample used by Zhu and Toksöz (2013) and comparison with their experimental data (circles). Jougnot & Solazzi – GEO-2020-0524 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-describing-the-procedure-used-in-this-32h09lbl.png Figure 1: Flow chart describing the procedure used in this work to to up-scale the frequency dependent effective excess charge. Jougnot & Solazzi – GEO-2020-0524 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-amplitude-of-the-effective-excess-charge-density-2gzwf5l3.png Figure 10: (a) Amplitude of the effective excess charge density as a function of the frequency from the proposed model for different pore water conductivities. Comparison between the amplitude measured coupling coefficient by Zhu and Toksöz (2013) (colored circles) and the model predictions (colored lines). Jougnot & Solazzi – GEO-2020-0524 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-absolute-value-and-b-phase-of-the-complex-average-ueasmlhm.png Figure 3: (a) Absolute value and (b) phase of the complex average pore water velocity as functions of frequency for pore radii varying between 10−8 m and 10−3 m. Jougnot & Solazzi – GEO-2020-0524 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-amplitude-of-a-the-water-flux-and-b-the-effective-37f5ysmb.png Figure 5: Amplitude of (a) the water flux and (b) the effective excess charge density calculated with the model as a function of capillary radii for different frequencies. The dashed black line correspond a Poiseuille-type behavior of the corresponding variable, i.e., the case presented in Jougnot et al. (2012) for f = 0 Hz. Jougnot & Solazzi – GEO-2020-0524 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-sketch-of-the-electrical-double-layer-b-static-154lss5p.png Figure 4: (a) Sketch of the electrical double layer. (b) Static excess charge density (for CwNaCl = 10 −4 mol L−1 and ζ = -89.8 mV). (c) Amplitude of the pore velocity distribution as a function of the distance from the pore wall in a capillary (R = 1.26 × 10−4 m). The vertical dashed layer across the (b) and (c) subplots corresponds to a distance of r = 4lD. Jougnot & Solazzi – GEO-2020-0524 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-amplitude-spectra-of-a-the-water-flux-and-b-the-7qo3yr6t.png Figure 6: Amplitude spectra of (a) the water flux and (b) the effective excess charge density calculated with the proposed model as functions of frequency for different capillary radii. Jougnot & Solazzi – GEO-2020-0524 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-predicted-amplitude-of-a-the-relative-dynamic-134v0rod.png Figure 7: Predicted amplitude of (a) the relative dynamic permeability, (b) the relative dynamic effective excess charge density, and (c) the relative electrokinetic coupling coefficient calculated with the model as functions of frequency for different capillary radii (from 10−3 to 10−6 m). Jougnot & Solazzi – GEO-2020-0524 https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-the-mechanical-properties-of-biopolymer-gels-19x23t7qtv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nn-architectures-6mihku0b.png Table 1: NN architectures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-verification-of-dfn-response-under-uniaxial-2bdnhcf8.png Figure 3: Verification of DFN response under uniaxial deformation. In uniaxial tests, 110 networks with homogenized microstructure properties 𝜃 ≈ 0.3%, 𝜑 = 100nm showed nonlinear behavior for the stress (A) and the strain energy density (B). Even though the networks approximately shared the same homogenized properties 𝜃 , 𝜑, the random nature of the networks led to uncertainty, shown as a shaded area in (A), and (B) for the stress and strain energy respectively. The variance in the stress 𝜎𝑥 was independent on the number of degrees of freedom of the network, defined as the percentage of inner nodes with respect to total number of nodes (C). Another verification was to plot the stress as a function of the seed number, which also showed that the spread of the stress was not affected by the seed number (D). Thus, the variance in the stress was due to the inherent randomness of the networks and due to variation in the volume fraction 𝜃 which was not controlled exactly (E). The stress in uniaxial tests was a function of the homogenized microstructure properties 𝜑 and 𝜃 for a fixed value of fiber stiffness, with increasing stress for smaller fiber diameters and relatively little influence of the volume fraction (F). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-performance-of-the-fcnn-as-a-function-of-13212aj4.png Figure 6: Performance of the FCNN as a function of microstructure. Predictions of the derivative function Ψ1 with respect to the volume fraction 𝜃 (A) and the fiber diameter 𝜑 (B). The error of the derivative prediction Ψ2 showed similar trends with respect to 𝜃 and 𝜑 (C,D). The validation data showed outlier values for which the FCNN prediction errors were large. However, errors were small in most of the validation set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-performance-of-the-fcnn-against-the-testing-set-o8ph059u.png Figure 5: Performance of the FCNN against the testing set. Performance of a neural network for the prediction of stress in strip biaxial loading (solid red line) for showed agreement with the mean (dashed blue line) and confidence interval (shaded blue region) of 60 DFNs with the equivalent microstructure microstructure 𝜃 = 0.3%, 𝜑 = 100nm (A). Error as a function of microstructure showed less accuracy of the FCNN for smaller volume fractions and fiber diameters (B). The derivatives of the strain energy predicted by the FCNN (solid red lines) also agreed with the means (dashed lines) and confidence intervals (shaded regions) of DFNs with equivalent microstructure (C,E). The variance in the ground truth was not affected by the number of fibers in the network. Loss function values for Ψ1 and Ψ2 were small over the microstructure range (D,F). Absolute errors were higher near the boundaries of the region for which there is less training data for the FCNN, as well as for smaller fiber diameters. These trends align with the values of the stress and strain energy, which also increased in magnitude for smaller fiber diameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-microscale-network-model-a-was-used-to-simulate-2i20n86f.png Figure 1: A microscale network model (A), was used to simulate the fibrin networks (B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-framework-for-training-a-ml-based-microscale-model-2gxfjqqe.png Figure 2: Framework for training a ML-based microscale model. Input data was generated by sampling from microstructure 𝜃, 𝜑, and deformation parameters 𝜆𝑥 , 𝜆𝑦 , which were post-processed to obtain the invariants 𝐼1, 𝐼2. Multiple random geometries were sampled for a given microstructure and deformation. The RVE model was evaluated to generate output stress and strain energy, which were post-processed through Gaussian process regression and optimization to obtain energy derivative outputs (A). A fully connected neural network (FCNN) was trained on a training subset of the data, and tested on a different subset of data. FCCN training was further constrained to satisfy convexity and symmetry, requirements for a stable finite element implementation (B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-finite-element-results-using-the-fcnn-in-the-umat-3qv5pkxi.png Figure 10: Finite element results using the FCNN in the UMAT subroutine. Uniaxial simulation with symmetry boundary conditions on the left and bottom boundaries leads to a uniform stress field (A). Clamping the left boundary leads to a non-uniform stress distribution; the center of the domain still behaves as in uniaxial loading (B). Shear simulations lead to a band of shear stress (C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-strain-energy-density-function-with-respect-to-11-29l7o4qq.png Figure 8: Strain energy density function with respect to 𝐸11 and 𝐸22 with 𝐸12 = 0 for a network with microstructure (𝜃 = 0.3%, 𝜑 = 100nm) (A), and with respect to 𝐸11 and 𝐸12 with 𝐸22 = 0 (B). https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-the-impact-of-global-warming-on-the-timing-of-3p8ez5jxci 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-illustration-of-our-gdd-model-under-our-525znlpp.png Figure 2. Schematic illustration of our GDD model under our assumption of linear temperature increase, with slope m and intercept c as in Equation (3) for any given species in any given year. Shaded area denotes β, the total thermal days above the threshold temperature α (horizontal line) under the line representing the mean daily temperature. The vertical lines indicate γ , the day on which the temperature first reaches the threshold α and the expected FFD µ under this model. The dashed line denotes the observed FFD, which differs from µ by a ‘random error’. This may be positive (as shown here) or negative. The linear temperature function changes from year to year, which is why subscripts are required in Equation (3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-impact-of-global-warming-scenarios-2a-and-2b-on-1jqj1nxq.png Figure 5. Impact of global warming (scenarios 2A and 2B) on FFDs. Estimates and 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals for , the expected or predicted change in mean FFD under (a) scenario 2A and (b) scenario 2B. Horizontal line corresponds to scenario 1. The confidence limits are not symmetric due to the constraint on β. The vertical bars do not indicate interannual variability, just the uncertainty in estimating from small samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-empirical-power-and-p-value-for-two-representative-2cpitagi.png Figure 3. Empirical power and p-value for two representative taxa. For each taxon, the upper histogram shows the simulated distribution of F ∗ under Model 1, and the lower histogram shows the simulated distribution of F ∗ under Model 2 using the estimated values of α and β. In each histogram the vertical axis represents proportions, not frequencies, so that the total area under the histogram is 1. The dashed vertical line is the observed value F ∗∗ based on the actual data, while the solid line is the critical F ∗-value F ∗c . In the upper histogram (Model 1), the p-value is the area to the right of the dashed line, and the area to the right of the solid line is 0.05, by definition. The power is the area to the right of the solid line in the lower histogram. (a) Prunus avium is an example of a taxon with negligible p-value (high significance) and high power, while (b) Ranunculus amplexicaulis is an example with p-value close to 0.05 and low power. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-confidence-intervals-for-a-and-b-estimated-values-210g2c8o.png Figure 4. Confidence intervals for α and β. Estimated values plus 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals for (a) α and (b) β, respectively, plotted against the mean FFD (the estimate of µ0 under Model 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-continued-1igaqcki.png Table I. (Continued ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-phenological-desynchronisation-expected-under-ipcc-fci50tqm.png Figure 6. Phenological desynchronisation expected under IPCC global warming scenario A1FI for the 2080s. The map plots of Equation (8) and represents the difference in the change of flowering date of thermally sensitive and photosensitive taxa to a change in the local climate. was calculated on a 0.5 × 0.5 degree grid. It is given by the ratio of the change in springtime temperature, A, and the rate of increase of springtime temperature, M . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-statistical-properties-and-95-confidence-intervals-y006x3an.png Table I. (Continued ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-daily-spring-air-temperatures-in-edinburgh-during-clxy81pg.png Figure 1. Daily spring air-temperatures in Edinburgh during four representative years between 1908 and 1938. Straight lines are least-squares fits. The gradient of the linear temperature rise (the ‘m’ in Equation (3)) and the mean temperature in degree celcius are noted in the top left and bottom right corners, respectively. The solid square and bar represent the mean and interquartile range of the FFDs for the 45 species we judge as temperature-sensitive. 1922 is an example of a year in which spring temperatures rise rapidly; 1924, a year of a cold spring; 1927, a year with a very slow rise in temperature; and 1933, a warm spring. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-the-noise-of-an-open-rotor-in-a-wind-tunnel-3cmzgc0jtq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cut-away-view-of-an-advanced-open-rotor-picture-1m7zfedj.png Figure 1: Cut-away view of an advanced open rotor. Picture courtesy of Rolls-Royce plc. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-an-axially-and-radially-varying-contour-showing-167b57xf.png Figure 11: An axially and radially varying contour showing the delta in sound pressure level between wind tunnel and free-field solutions. The results simulate a [1,0] tone generated by a typical open rotor rig setup and the S1MA wind tunnel. All distances have been made non-dimensional using the source radius, a. The red line indicates the near-field boundary of the rotor source, as predicted by eq (80). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-simulations-of-the-10-tone-generated-by-a-typical-1bzn3l9p.png Figure 12: Simulations of the [1,0] tone generated by a typical open rotor rig setup, in the free-field and in the S1MA wind tunnel, with flow Mach number M = 0.7. The results presented are radial directivities of the sound pressure level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-simulations-of-the-11-interaction-tone-generated-2vqm3vop.png Figure 13: Simulations of the [1,1] interaction tone generated by Rig 145 in the free-field and in the S1MA wind tunnel, with flow Mach number M = 0.7. The results presented are radial directivities of the sound pressure level, where (a) show the directivity over the entire tunnel radius whilst (b) focuses on the source region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-contours-of-the-sound-pressure-level-of-the-1rquu09o.png Figure 7: Contours of the sound pressure level of the fundamental tone generated by 10 rotating point forces, over the cross section of ARA’s transonic wind tunnel with (a) rigid walls and (b) walls with impedance Z = ρ0c0 (i.e. purely resistive). The plane of the contour (x1 = 0.01m) is close to the source plane (y1 = 0m). The difference in SPL between the two predicted fields is presented in (c). The difference in SPL between the solution with ’lined’ walls and an equivalent free-field prediction is presented in (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-of-a-a-rectangular-and-b-a-circular-cross-2l9cpnym.png Figure 3: Schematic of (a) a rectangular and (b) a circular cross section wind tunnel. The parameters defining the shape and size of the tunnel cross-section are shown. For the rectangular cross-section schematic, the parameters describing the offset of the wind tunnel centreline from the origin of the co-ordinate system are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-diagram-representing-rolls-royces-rig-145-in-the-2hkrnfax.png Figure 8: Diagram representing Rolls-Royce’s Rig 145 in the S1MA wind tunnel in Modane. Measurement rails at typical puller and pusher sidelines have also been included. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-photograph-of-model-scale-open-rotor-tests-217ysnp7.png Figure 2: A photograph of model scale open rotor tests conducted at the ARA’s transonic wind tunnel in Bedford, UK (rotor blurred). Noise was measured using microphones flush-mounted in the rails mounted off the wind tunnel wall, which can also be seen in the photograph. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-the-present-with-bayesian-structural-time-series-2iv5otog2r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-top-panel-shows-cumulative-absolute-errors-for-2ufi8i2l.png Figure 6: The top panel shows cumulative absolute errors for equivalent time series models with and without Google Trends data. The models are based on the initial claims data in the bottom panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-weekly-non-seasonally-adjusted-initial-claims-for-pdbcbms7.png Figure 1: Weekly (non-seasonally adjusted) initial claims for US unemployment benefits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-retails-sales-and-the-predictors-with-the-highest-2d08wkty.png Figure 10: Retails sales and the predictors with the highest marginal inclusion probabilities from (a) the economically relevant subset of Google Trends verticals, and (b) Google Correlate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-contributions-to-state-for-the-initial-claims-data-6uvxiqpq.png Figure 5: Contributions to state for the initial claims data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-interface-to-google-correlate-showing-the-top-v4jml4je.png Figure 2: The interface to Google Correlate, showing the top 10 correlates to the data in Figure 1, and a plot of the initial claims series against the query for “Michigan Unemployment.” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-posterior-inclusion-probabilities-for-the-most-eopjzye8.png Figure 8: (a) Posterior inclusion probabilities for the most likely predictors of the retail sales data. The bars are shaded according to the probability the coefficient is positive. White bars correspond to positive coefficients, and black to negative coefficients. Predictors starting with X. are Trends verticals. (b) Posterior distribution of model size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-components-of-state-for-the-retail-sales-data-13fjzm9n.png Figure 9: Components of state for the retail sales data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-panel-a-shows-the-posterior-inclusion-probabilities-dmj4x4w8.png Figure 3: Panel (a) shows the posterior inclusion probabilities for all the variables with inclusion probability greater than 0.1. Bars are shaded on a continuous [0, 1] scale in proportion to the probability of a positive coefficient, so that negative coefficients are black, positive coefficients are white, and gray indicates indeterminate sign. Panel (b) shows a time series plot comparing the standardized initial claims series with the standardized search term series for the terms with inclusion probabilities of at least 0.1. The shading of the lines in panel (b) is weighted by the marginal inclusion probability. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-the-possibilistic-score-of-owl-axioms-through-1nvgrbgzeh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graph-of-linear-a-piecewise-constant-b-and-1kkn9e1v.png Figure 1: Graph of linear (a), piecewise constant (b), and piecewise linear (c) fuzzification function. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graph-of-exponential-fuzzifiers-with-parameters-0-27l15fdh.png Figure 2: Graph of exponential fuzzifiers with parameters 0.001 (a), 0.07 (b), and 0.5 (c). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-the-membership-learning-procedure-in-1y7vp5uj.png Table 2: Results of the membership learning procedure, in terms of root mean square error (RMSE), standard deviation (STD), and median (Median) for membership and ARI values inferred in 10 repeated holdout experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-the-membership-learning-procedure-using-3d6ag8w9.png Table 3: Results of the membership learning procedure using one-class SV classifiers. Same notations of Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-values-of-the-silhouette-index-for-different-3ckbtw9l.png Table 4: Values of the silhouette index for different clusterizations of the points summarinzing the fuzzifiers average median error for each axiom pair. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-histograms-of-ari-errors-within-a-grouping-of-two-k4p4zrrk.png Figure 4: Histograms of ARI errors within a grouping of two clusters for (a) a crisp fuzzifier, (b) an exponential fuzzifier of parameter 0.001, and (c) an exponential fuzzifier of parameter 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-histograms-of-median-errors-for-two-of-the-used-1x25651l.png Figure 3: Histograms of median errors for two of the used fuzzifiers in an iteration of the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-summary-of-the-formulas-to-be-used-to-compute-the-2nqin1ke.png Table 1: A summary of the formulas to be used to compute the similarity sim(𝜑, 𝜓) between positive or negated subsumption axioms 𝜑 and 𝜓. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-the-yields-of-species-occupying-a-single-trophic-1uq9gleo8c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-focal-species-approximation-compared-with-the-kqz6x02a.png Figure 3. The focal species approximation compared with the full set of LLVGE. Experimental relative yields Ri = Yi/Ki with their error bars (crosses), predicted values ex ante by the LLVGE (red filled circles) and the corresponding values produced by the focal species approximation (open blue circles): a) Algae (Huisman et al. 1999). b) Plants A-IBF-OG-IW mixture (Picasso et al. 2008). c) Plants (Roxburgh & Wilson 2000). d) Plants, Area A (Rees et al., 1996). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-theoretical-mry-predicted-by-the-mfm-approximation-3257g24y.png Figure 2 Theoretical MRY predicted by the MFM approximation Eq. (26) (red crosses) vs. empirical MRY (o) with error bars corresponding to ± SE for a set of 77 experiments as a function of S(log scale) and a. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-error-and-accuracy-metrics-of-the-focal-method-for-3nj3l9i4.png Table 2. Error and accuracy metrics of the focal method for the 33 experimental studies of Fort (2018a). The first column provides the corresponding references. S is the number of species. Columns from RMAE % to d1 are the four metrics to assess model error/accuracy used. Highlighted in gray are values that violate the required accuracy conditions: a) RMAE < 50%, b) P95 ≥ 66.7%, c) E1> 0 and d) d1 > 1/3. Also listed for comparison the same metrics in the case of using the full interaction matrix as in Fort (2018a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-empirical-o-and-theoretical-ryt-predicted-by-the-3q9f27df.png Figure 1. Empirical (o) and theoretical RYT, predicted by the MFM approximation Eq. (25) (red crosses), for a set of 77 experiments (see text) as a function of S (log scale) and the mean competition parameter a. The experimental error bars correspond to ± the standard error (SE). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-definitions-interpretations-of-the-3bi37jd5.png Table 1 Summary of the definitions & interpretations of the three alternative interaction strength matrices https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-thermal-distortion-of-synchrotron-radiation-2nihy2h99q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5b-maximum-thermal-stress-stresses-do-not-vary-83f8281p.png Figure 5B. Maximum Thermal Stress. Stresses do not vary significantly with changes in wall thickness; however, an apparent minimum stress level occurs at W = 2 rom for a cooling channel radius R = 3.5 rom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6b-maximum-thermal-stress-von-kises-equivalent-40p9riov.png Figure 6B. Maximum Thermal Stress. Von Kises Equivalent Stresses decrease by about 30~ as the cooling channel radius increases from 2 to Srom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-dimensional-hesh-kodel-the-model-describes-figure-8rbxjeo0.png Figure 2. 2-Dimensional Hesh Kodel. The model describes Figure 3. 3-Dimensional Mesh Model. Using a cross-sectional plane of the mirror, perpendicular to symmetry, 1/4 of the mirror is modeled for the optical surface. With the mirror centered vertically calculation of 3-dimensional heat flux, in the synchrotron beam, finite element calculations distortions, and stresses, giving a reasonably utilize the symmetry plane and model 1/2 of the mirror accurate model of the true stress state for cross-section. For thermal analysis, heat flux is thermal loading of the mirror. constrained to the plane of the model, and for plane strain analysis, normal stresses act to constrain all distortions to the plane of the model (i.e., no longitudinal expansion of the mirror). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4c-maximum-thermal-stresses-von-mises-equivalent-2er0loyl.png Figure 4C. Maximum Thermal Stresses. Von Mises Equivalent stresse~, whieh are derived from' prineipal stresses, vary nearly linearly. with a thermal stress figure-of-merit, (~)/k(l -v). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4b-maximum-surfaee-slope-figure-error-due-to-thermal-tv1i4yxl.png Figure 4C. Maximum Thermal Stresses. Von Mises Equivalent stresse~, whieh are derived from' prineipal stresses, vary nearly linearly. with a thermal stress figure-of-merit, (~)/k(l -v). https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-time-varying-parameters-with-parameter-driven-and-41p7ao1j7b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observation-densities-pbejbzow.png Table 1.—Observation Densities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-weibull-gamma-or-burr-mixture-gas-model-with-k-1-2-uz341qo2.png Figure 1.—Weibull Gamma or Burr Mixture GAS Model with k = 1.2 and μt = 0.5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-for-gas-model-as-dgp-relative-mses-and-mses-15g4gtd8.png Table 5.—Results for GAS Model as DGP (Relative MSEs and MSEs) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-state-space-and-gas-models-as-dgp-34zyzbge.png Table 3.—The State-Space and GAS Models as DGP https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-for-the-empirical-example-3oa30tnp.png Table 6.—Results for the Empirical Example https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-for-state-space-model-as-dgp-relative-mses-2yzn7m1w.png Table 4.—Results for State-Space Model as DGP (Relative MSEs) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-observation-driven-model-updates-15wxum5y.png Table 2.—Observation-Driven Model Updates https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-young-s-modulus-of-nanowires-from-first-ys71p58vtm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-variation-in-the-surface-energies-and-the-surface-35zsotm7.png FIG. 1. Variation in the surface energies and the surface stresses g along a the 112̄ and 11̄0 directions of Ag 111 surface, b the 112̄ and 11̄0 directions of Au 111 surface, and c the 0001 direction of ZnO 101̄0 and 112̄0 surfaces. In the figures, the dashed lines in the upper panel are the quadratic function fitting of calculated surface energy data and the dashed lines in the lower panel are the linear fitting of calculated surface stress data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-calculated-equilibrium-lattice-constants-a-and-c-2plcy07u.png TABLE II. Calculated equilibrium lattice constants a and c , internal parameter u , elastic constants C11, C12, C13, C33, and C55 , Young’s modulus E , and Poisson’s ratio of wurtzite ZnO using first-principles DFT method. For comparison, the experimental values are also given. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-calculated-equilibrium-lattice-constants-a-elastic-10yp4vli.png TABLE I. Calculated equilibrium lattice constants a , elastic constants C11, C12, and C44 , Young’s moduli E , and Poisson’s ratios of fcc Ag and Au using first-principles DFT method. For comparison, the experimental values are also given. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-size-dependency-of-youngs-modulus-of-au-nanowires-91qyojz5.png FIG. 4. Size dependency of Young’s modulus of Au nanowires enclosed by 111 surfaces. The two dashed lines overlapped with each other show the model predictions using the surface properties of 111 / 112̄ and 111 / 11̄0 . For comparison, the experimental data from Ref. 7 are plotted as circles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-predicted-size-dependency-of-youngs-modulus-of-zno-18c3kc4s.png FIG. 5. Predicted size dependency of Young’s modulus of ZnO nanowires enclosed by 101̄0 surfaces solid line or 112̄0 surfaces dashed line . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-size-dependency-of-youngs-modulus-of-ag-nanowires-1u84u83l.png FIG. 3. Size dependency of Young’s modulus of Ag nanowires enclosed by 111 surfaces. The solid line and dashed line show the model predictions using the surface properties of 111 / 112̄ and 111 / 11̄0 , respectively. For comparison, the experimental data from Ref. 4 are plotted as circles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-calculated-equilibrium-strains-in-the-equilibrium-ag-2r3u6ves.png FIG. 2. Calculated equilibrium strains in the equilibrium Ag, Au, and ZnO nanowires as a function of nanowire diameter. https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-and-interpretation-of-the-lipophilicity-of-small-53ja9fvs2m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-correlation-between-experimental-and-calculated-log-1tgg9vhg.png Fig. 4: Correlation between experimental and calculated log Doct values. The calculated values are obtained by (A) ChemAxon log D implemented in Marvin and (B) PLS/VolSurf+ model described here. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-models-interpretation-log-poct-values-pls-volsurf-1git45oj.png Fig. 3: Models interpretation (log Poct values). PLS – VolSurf+. Descriptors associated to the Size of the molecules are in green, descriptors related to the interaction with water are in cyan, descriptors associated to hydrophobicity are in yellow, descriptors for the hydrogen bonding donor (HBD) properties of the peptides are in red, descriptors for the hydrogen bonding acceptor (HBA) properties are in blue, descriptors not included in any class are in grey. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pls-results-for-log-doct-models-each-result-29hc0w05.png Table 1: PLS results for log Doct models. Each result corresponds to the evaluation of the R2 and RMSE for PLS models with six latent variables. The first line corresponds to models learnt and tested over the training set, the second line corresponds to models learnt on the training set and tested on the test set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-plot-of-experimental-versus-calculated-log-doct-values-2bt4u8bc.png Fig. 1: Plot of experimental versus calculated log Doct values. (A) PLS – 2D-MOE (B) PLS – VolSurf+ (C) SVR – 2D-MOE (D) SVR – VolSurf+. White and black dots represent the training and the test set respectively. SVR plots refer to the linear kernel. https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-error-in-reinforcement-learning-a-meta-analysis-194cbcak57 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-of-the-ale-meta-analysis-for-reward-blue-toro9vch.png Figure 4: Results of the ALE meta-analysis for reward (blue) and aversive prediction error studies (red). The overlap of the two analyses is shown in green. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-of-the-ale-subtraction-analysis-for-15jbrc2k.png Figure 3: Results of the ALE subtraction analysis for [instrumental-Pavlovian] (blue) and [Pavlovian-instrumental] (red) prediction error studies. The overlap of the two analyses is shown in green. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-detailed-ale-cluster-results-for-instrumental-and-k2vy1i0r.png Table 3 Detailed ALE Cluster Results for Instrumental and Pavlovian Prediction Error Studies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-results-of-the-ale-meta-analysis-for-all-prediction-1ae0p2xs.png Figure 1: Results of the ALE meta-analysis for all prediction error studies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-results-of-the-ale-meta-analysis-for-instrumental-35yjozv5.png Figure 2: Results of the ALE meta-analysis for instrumental (blue) and Pavlovian (red) prediction error studies. The overlap of the two analyses is shown in green. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-detailed-ale-cluster-results-for-all-prediction-3cd6y43x.png Table 2 Detailed ALE Cluster Results for all Prediction Error Studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-categorisation-of-fmri-prediction-error-studies-and-34qiqdt9.png Table 1 Categorisation of fMRI Prediction Error Studies and Allocation to Meta-analysis Contrast Groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-23htwa3i.png Table 6 https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-models-for-severe-manifestations-and-mortality-x2whraz9lm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-list-of-studies-with-low-risk-of-bias-and-low-19rz0pwd.png Table 2. A list of studies with low risk of bias and low concern for applicability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-risk-of-bias-and-concern-or-applicability-3umexxda.png Figure 3. Risk of Bias and Concern or Applicability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-risk-of-bias-and-concern-for-applicability-1jotyv4s.png Figure 2. Risk of Bias and Concern for Applicability https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-errors-of-molecular-machine-learning-models-lower-ac6h9pbukf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-toc-fuvstuj3.png Figure 3: TOC https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-atom-features-for-the-mg-representation-values-224t0bbe.png Table 1: Atom features for the MG representation: Values provided for each atom in the molecule. https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-central-neuropathic-pain-in-spinal-cord-injury-568vbq6sqf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-classification-accuracy-of-lda-classifier-for-1bnxvxw6.png Table 4. Classification accuracy of LDA classifier for features shown in column ‘Features’ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-location-of-the-10-best-channels-for-classification-1fo69xxl.png Figure 7. Location of the 10 best channels for classification between different groups. Dots represent the locations of all 48 channels; the large dots show the10 selected channels. On the scalp maps, the nose is oriented towards the top of the page. AB: able bodied, PNP: Patients with no pain, PDP: patients who eventually developed pain, PWP: patients with pain. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographic-information-of-sci-patients-without-pain-3kbg6hae.png Table 2. Demographic information of SCI patients without pain (PNP) and able-bodied (AB) participants. ASIA A: complete sensory and motor loss; B incomplete sensory, complete https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-classification-between-patients-who-developed-pain-3568e8q6.png Figure 5. Classification between patients who developed pain (PDP) and patients who did not develop pain (PNP) using 4 different classifier (mean ±standard error): a) accuracy, b) selectivity, c) specificity. Selected features were EO and EC power for different frequency bands, over the 10 best EEG channels. The coloured areas represent confidence intervals while the grey shaded areas represent standard deviation. LDA: Linear discriminant analysis, SVM: Support vector machine, ANN Artificial neural network, NB: Naïve Bayesian. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-power-spectrum-density-for-eyes-opened-eo-g552zhur.png Figure 2. Average power spectrum density for eyes opened (EO) and eyes closed (EC) states for each group for electrode locations P2. Shaded areas represent 95% confidence intervals. AB: able bodied, PNP: Patients with no pain, PDP: patients who eventually developed pain, PWP: patients with pain. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-classification-accuracy-of-ann-classifier-for-c9caab9f.png Table 5. Classification accuracy of ANN classifier for features shown in column ‘Features’ https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-8-state-protein-secondary-structures-by-1d-4c7cp3j0me 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bd-lstm-architecture-has-three-bidirectional-lstm-1rmftvgo.png Figure 3: BD-LSTM architecture has three bidirectional-LSTM layers, followed by seven fully connected dense layers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-1d-inception-network-that-consists-of-three-1d-2k25cyul.png Figure 2: A 1D-Inception network that consists of three 1D-Inception modules. This network has two “Conv 5” blocks followed by three 1D-Inception modules. After that, there are two “Conv 11” blocks with two fully connected layers in the last part of this architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-q8-state-8-accuracy-of-1d-inception-network-with-rueh2ia1.png Table 1: Q8 (State-8) accuracy of 1D-Inception Network with Different Numbers of Modules and best outcomes marked in bold https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-q8-state-8-accuracy-of-bd-lstm-network-with-nui54bdx.png Table 2: Q8 (State-8) accuracy of BD-LSTM Network with Different combination and best outcomes marked in bold https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-overall-q8-accuracy-for-pss-of-our-proposed-2drhdksi.png Table 4: The overall Q8 (%) accuracy for PSS of our proposed models and some benchmark methods on the CB513, CASP10, and CASP11 dataset https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-overall-q8-accuracy-for-pss-of-our-proposed-1iwl78jf.png Table 3: The overall Q8 (%) accuracy for PSS of our proposed models and some existing state-of-art methods on CullPdb 6133 dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-this-is-a-1d-inception-module-the-yellow-rectangle-2341nt9n.png Figure 1: This is a 1D-Inception module. The Yellow rectangle bar means “Conv1”- 1x1 convolution operation, the Green rectangle bar stands for “Conv 3”- 3x3 convolution operation, and the Orange rectangle bar means “Concatenate”- accomplishes feature concatenation. https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-combine-harvester-performance-using-hybrid-3d0iatmfbi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-training-rbf-network-l65kt3dr.png Table 1. Results of training RBF network. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-training-anfis-network-1redoahp.png Table 2. Results of training ANFIS network. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-comparison-parameters-ia7o95u3.png Table 3. Results of comparison parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-structure-of-rbf-network-3gk4qq4k.png Figure 1. The structure of RBF network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-anfis-structure-3b1kp7po.png Figure 2. ANFIS structure. https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-characteristic-length-and-fracture-toughness-19lq15q7pp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-characteristic-distance-rc-as-a-function-of-3gtpn35v.png Figure 4 Characteristic distance (rc) as a function of temperature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-master-curve-for-specimens-with-a-w-0-5-236eaqxa.png Figure 3 Master curve for specimens with a/W=0.5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-relationship-between-the-constraint-parameter-236to738.png Figure 6 The relationship between the constraint parameter A2 and the temperature T https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-relationship-between-the-constraint-parameter-gdy43val.png Figure 7 The relationship between the constraint parameter A2 and the J-integral https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-temperature-dependent-material-properties-a-yield-1juwwpbf.png Figure 1 Temperature dependent material properties (a) yield stress, (b) hardening exponent, (c) Young’s modulus, and (d) fracture toughness (KJC). Test data were reported by Sherry, et al. [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-finite-element-models-for-a-shallow-crack-a-w-0-1-2n6m8bf8.png Figure 2 Finite element models for (a) shallow crack (a/W= 0.1) and (b) deep crack (a/W= 0.5) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-predicted-fracture-toughness-kjc-in-ductile-brittle-33su9cm6.png Figure 5 Predicted fracture toughness (KJC) in ductile-brittle transition temperature regime using σf= 1857.25 MPa and the temperature dependent rc in Figure 4: (a) a/W= 0.5, (b) a/W= 0.2, (c) a/W= 0.1, (d) a/W= 0.075 https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-fatty-acids-in-chocolates-with-an-emphasis-on-29yoatthew 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-supporting-information-gc-fid-and-atr-ftir-data-1svgtbb6.png Table 2 Supporting Information. GC‐FID and ATR‐FTIR data considering calibration and prediction steps of multivariate calibration for trans fatty acids isomers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-correlation-between-gas-chromatography-reference-1dsns77m.png Fig. 3: Correlation between gas chromatography (reference method) and ATR‐FTIR associated with partial least square regression (PLSR) results considering the best models ob‐ tained for the fatty acids prediction. Graph A shows calibration and prediction results for saturated fatty acids (SFA), mono‐ unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and total trans fatty acids (TFA); Graph B considers the individual TFA isomers: trans 6‐8, trans 9, trans 10, trans 11, and trans 12. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-supporting-information-gc-fid-and-atr-ftir-data-7x8p4gwn.png Table 1 Supporting Information. GC‐FID and ATR‐FTIR data considering calibration and prediction steps of multivariate calibration for fatty acids groups. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-atr-ftir-raw-spectra-divided-into-20-intervals-of-the-13yxgwja.png Fig. 1: ATR‐FTIR raw spectra (divided into 20 intervals) of the chocolates analyzed with their characteristic bands. https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-dansgaard-oeschger-events-from-greenland-dust-53s1cfgbkl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-ngrip-18o-time-series-of-the-last-glacial-ngrip-35pgsofi.png Figure 1. (a) NGRIP 𝛿18O time series of the last glacial (NGRIP Members, 2004) with interstadial trends estimated in LD19. (b) NGRIP dust time series with stadial trends estimated in this paper. Gray bands indicate the interstadials identified in LD19 based on the classification by Rasmussen et al. (2014). The inset shows the piecewise linear fit and corresponding parameters for GS-21.1, that is used to estimate the stadial trends s. (c) Time series of the stadial slopes s in the NGRIP dust record including uncertainties (16th to 84th percentile of the bootstrap samples). (d) Time series of the stadial durations from LD19. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stadial-durations-predicted-by-the-model-see-main-1wry3apz.png Figure 4. Stadial durations predicted by the model (see main text) and data (LD19) in (a) true and (b) logarithmic scale. (c–e) Skill comparison of the prediction model (red) against three null models (see main text) using three different scores. The random model yields distributions of scores (gray), whereas the other two null models result in point estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spearman-correlation-of-dust-slopes-estimated-from-1v63ehfm.png Figure 3. Spearman correlation of dust slopes estimated from stadial slices as a function of slice length for the different records. For stadials shorter than the slice length, the full stadial is used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-b-scatterplots-of-the-piecewise-linear-fit-2wi8ym3a.png Figure 2. (a, b) Scatterplots of the piecewise linear fit parameters of the NGRIP dust record. (c) Linear relationship of the thresholds lth and maxima lmax, and a linear fit lth = 𝛼 · lmax + 𝛽 with 𝛼 = 0.71 and 𝛽 = −3.42. (d) Linear relationship of the thresholds lth and 65Nss at the time of stadial maximum. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-events-with-negative-positive-stadial-1rjvob0s.png Table 1 Number of Events With Negative/Positive Stadial Slopes (Estimated From the Last Two Thirds of the Stadials), and Correlation of Stadial Dust Parameters https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-gas-liquid-flow-in-an-annular-gap-bubble-4mcq6z5dyc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-facility-1s6raaw3.png Figure 1: Experimental facility. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-mesh-element-size-sensitivity-study-for-ug-0-0087-m-614v5qsu.png Table 6: Mesh element size sensitivity study for UG = 0.0087 m/s and UG = 0.0220 m/s. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-mesh-element-size-sensitivity-study-for-diverse-ug-2grb9f1g.png Table 7: Mesh element size sensitivity study for diverse UG and the coarse and optimized meshes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-literature-studies-and-code-reference-to-figure-3-bfji17tm.png Table 5: Literature studies and code reference to Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-volume-fraction-distributions-on-5j932i0p.png Figure 5: Comparison of volume fraction distributions on three horizontal cross-sections at h = 1.8, 2.3, and 2.8 m from the bottom of the column for UG = 0.0220 m/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-between-kawase-and-moo-young-1989-3bnt5m33.png Figure 3: Comparison between Kawase and Moo-Young (1989) correlations and experimental data from the literature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bi-dispersed-approach-splitting-the-bsd-into-two-3uboj2iq.png Figure 2: Bi-dispersed approach: splitting the BSD into two groups of bubbles. The lift coefficient is given for Reb > 30. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-holdup-curves-for-mono-and-bi-2vj8f4lh.png Figure 4: Comparison of holdup curves for mono- and bi-dispersed models against experimental data. https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-maintenance-of-sinus-rhythm-using-heart-rate-34dl8qf7he 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hrv-parameters-calculated-from-poincare-plot-and-jqmhndl0.png Table 2. HRV parameters, calculated from Poincare plot and power spectrum in patients with sustained sinus rhythm and broken one during 1-month follow-up. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-poincare-plots-of-rr-intervals-after-the-conversion-fl98qgz3.png Figure 2. Poincare plots of RR intervals after the conversion in sinus rhythm in patient with sustained sinus rhythm (A) and in patient with broken sinus rhythm (B) during 2-month follow-up. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-and-clinical-characteristics-5vcaepyl.png Table 1. Demographics and Clinical Characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-quantitative-analysis-of-hr-variability-by-means-of-pezqeaa4.png Figure 1. Quantitative analysis of HR variability by means of Poincare plots of RR intervals: RRmin, minimal value of RR interval; RRmax, maximal value of RR interval; ∆RRr, maximal HR response (L); ∆RRt, maximal HR variability (W). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-accuracy-of-two-models-for-prediction-of-sinus-u5moe4yu.png Table 3. Accuracy of two models for prediction of sinus rhythm maintenance based on HRV parameters obtained from Poincare plots or from power spectrum. https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-long-term-immunity-of-a-phase-locked-loop-4sjdgdopfi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-superimposition-of-the-conducted-susceptibility-fcbovs2s.png Figure 5. Superimposition of the conducted susceptibility leve s of the 10 samples measured (a) before and (b) after accelerated-aging test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-comparison-between-measured-and-simulated-kniy083i.png Figure 15. Comparison between measured and simulated susceptibility level of the PLL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-average-variation-of-the-immunity-level-measured-26mzca2r.png Figure 8. Average variation of the immunity level measured per sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-evolution-of-the-average-susceptibility-level-rsm4g3wx.png Figure 6. Evolution of the average susceptibility level measured on a lot of 10 samples before and after accelerat d aging test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-evolution-of-the-dispersion-of-the-susceptibility-29ur5gv8.png Figure 7. Evolution of the dispersion of the susceptibility level before and after accelerated aging test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-generation-of-a-sensitivity-table-sensitivity-of-69gh3t7m.png Figure 14. Generation of a sensitivity table: sensitivity of the PLL to VCO power supply fluctuations vs. EMI frequency https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-examples-of-comparisons-between-s-parameter-1ecnqhw8.png Figure 13. Examples of comparisons between S parameter measurements and simulation from the extracted model (Top: Z11 seen from VDDVCO pin. Bottom : Z11between VssVCO pin) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematics-of-a-the-pll-and-b-the-delay-controlled-352nlixx.png Figure 1. Schematics of (a) the PLL and (b) the delay-controlled VCO https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-interactions-between-hiv-1-and-human-proteins-3m7ipn06xs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-ablation-study-the-results-of-bert-on-race-are-taken-16ppl3d0.png Table 6: Ablation study. The results of BERT on RACE are taken from [39]. We run BERT on the other datasets using the official implementation and the same hyperparameter search space as XLNet. K is a hyperparameter to control the optimization difficulty (see Section 2.3). All models are pretrained on the same data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-on-glue-indicates-using-ensembles-and-37j02peh.png Table 4: Results on GLUE. ∗ indicates using ensembles, and † denotes single-task results in a multi-task row. All results are based on a 24-layer architecture with similar model sizes (aka BERT-Large). See the upper-most rows for direct comparison with BERT and the lower-most rows for comparison with state-of-the-art results on the public leaderboard. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-with-state-of-the-art-results-on-the-test-39swa51t.png Table 5: Comparison with state-of-the-art results on the test set of ClueWeb09-B, a document ranking task. † indicates our implementations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-permutation-language-modeling-2bgsna79.png Figure 1: Illustration of the permutation language modeling objective for predicting x3 given the same input sequence x but with different factorization orders. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-detailed-illustration-of-the-query-stream-of-the-3m0rtitr.png Figure 4: A detailed illustration of the query stream of the proposed objective with both the joint view and split views based on a length-4 sequence under the factorization order [3, 2, 4, 1]. The dash arrows indicate that the query stream cannot access the token (content) at the same position, but only the location information. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-with-state-of-the-art-results-on-the-test-12vl55tr.png Table 1: Comparison with state-of-the-art results on the test set of RACE, a reading comprehension task. ∗ indicates using ensembles. “Middle” and “High” in RACE are two subsets representing middle and high school difficulty levels. All BERT and XLNet results are obtained with a 24-layer architecture with similar model sizes (aka BERT-Large). Our single model outperforms the best ensemble by 7.6 points in accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-content-stream-attention-which-is-the-same-as-the-1q0xhgx1.png Figure 2: (a): Content stream attention, which is the same as the standard self-attention. (b): Query stream attention, which does not have access information about the content xzt . (c): Overview of the permutation language modeling training with two-stream attention. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-detailed-illustration-of-the-content-stream-of-28ktcvk9.png Figure 3: A detailed illustration of the content stream of the proposed objective with both the joint view and split views based on a length-4 sequence under the factorization order [3, 2, 4, 1]. Note that if we ignore the query representation, the computation in this figure is simply the standard self-attention, though with a particular attention mask. https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-running-induced-achilles-tendinopathy-with-42vaojynql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cumulative-risk-differences-rd-for-achilles-2jvn2atm.png Table 3: Cumulative risk differences (RD) for Achilles tendinopathy according to PPT values at the Achilles tendon. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-figure-illustrates-differences-in-the-development-30ms3wmw.png Fig. 1: The figure illustrates differences in the development of Achilles tendinopathy between the low and high pain sensitivity group during the follow-up period. On the y-axis the cumulated proportion of Achilles tendinopathy is illustrated, while the running distance in kilometers are on the x-axis. High pain sensitivity group: runners displaying a pain pressure threshold below 441 kPa on the Achilles tendon; Low pain sensitivity group: runners displaying a pain pressure threshold above 441 kPa on the Achilles tendon. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-participants-in-each-of-the-1u7k7m1m.png Table 1: Characteristics of the participants in each of the two PPT groups measured at baseline. https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-spontaneous-preterm-birth-using-fetal-42owr2s3cn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-obstetric-characteristics-plcslcbk.png Table 1: Demographic and Obstetric Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proportion-of-women-in-each-quantification-of-ffn-9hfnrz4y.png Table 2: Proportion of Women in Each Quantification of fFN https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-stroke-using-deep-learning-model-3o91e5rf2g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-structure-of-deep-neural-network-1zc0zir7.png Fig. 1. A structure of deep neural network https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-three-techniques-used-for-prediction-32mglbb5.png Table 1. Comparison of three techniques used for prediction of Stroke. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-backpropagation-algorithm-for-learning-in-multi-170dcs09.png Fig. 2. The backpropagation algorithm for learning in multi-layer networks [13]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-stroke-prediction-using-deep-learning-3u9pok79.png Fig. 3. Stroke prediction using deep learning. https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-subseismic-faults-and-fractures-integration-of-avcclitszh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sketch-of-the-three-strain-axes-e1-e2-e3-with-k48f9iu8.png Figure 9: Sketch of the three strain axes (e1 > e2 > e3) with possible orientation of tensile and shear fractures under extensional conditions, assuming isotropic rocks and nonrotational strain. Thereby, e1 is used as an approximation for the maximum extension direction sigma 3, whereas e3 is used as an approximation for the minimum extension direction sigma 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-present-day-perspective-view-of-the-model-2zdobx7s.png Figure 4: Present-day perspective view of the model illustrates the hanging wall volume, footwall, principal fault, and four wells. Hanging wall and footwall are colorcoded by depth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-fracture-plots-of-fmi-data-integrating-both-rose-2hxuwtpf.png Figure 8: Fracture plots of FMI data, integrating both rose diagram (all wells; strike of fractures) and Schmidt net (well B, C, F; fractures planes are shown as pole points, plotted in equal-area stereonet, lower hemisphere projection). Well L: only rose-diagram is available. Number of fractures occurring within 250 m sandstone reservoir. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-diagram-showing-the-fracture-density-of-well-data-3tszhfpe.png Figure 12: Diagram showing the fracture density of well data against e1 strain magnitude derived from modelling. For discussion see text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-information-from-seismic-data-set-from-large-scale-3jp8ip6a.png Figure 1: Information from seismic data set, from large-scale (seismic line with interpreted fault and horizon) to small-scale (well within hanging wall and corresponding gamma log, and fracture distribution from FMI data). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-map-shows-the-principal-fault-with-hanging-wall-3sdin2n1.png Figure 11: Map shows the principal fault with hanging wall deformation: red-colored structures are fault zones corresponding to high-strain areas that have been derived from modelling (Fig. 7); blue-coloured structures are faults that have been interpreted by coherency analysis (Fig. 3). Fracture plots show all FMI data of the four wells. In colour are fractures that have been identified also by modelling (red) or coherency analysis (blue). Small red arrows around plots and in the strain map around well locations demonstrate the local stress deviations derived from modelling, whereas the large grey arrow marks the superimposed maximum horizontal compression direction active during inversion. FW - footwall, HW - hanging wall. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3d-view-of-the-analyzed-fault-presenting-three-1zxfx7zk.png Figure 6: 3D view of the analyzed fault presenting three different attributes: dip, azimuth, and cylindricity. Faul t length is 6 km, fault depth is max. 1.5 km. Dip and azimuth attributes show the dip and azimuth of each individual triangle of the fault-surface. Cylindrical analysis compares the orientation of the surface triangle normals with the orientation of the average cylindrical vector (parallel to surface-corrugations). A surface normal at 90° to the average cylindrical vector has a deviation attribute of zero. Deviations from this best-fit normal will have deviated attribute values above or below zero. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-maximum-strain-axis-e1-around-wells-extracted-from-1vi9hos3.png Figure 10: Maximum strain axis (e1) around wells (extracted from a cylinder of about 400 m in diameter) derived from modelling shown in Figure 7. e1 axes are shown as pole points, plotted in equal-area stereonet, lower hemisphere projection (Schmidt net). Arrows indicate the supposed max. horizontal extension direction derived from e1 axes. https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-survival-with-long-term-disease-progression-in-2tfaswjzdo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-population-characteristics-at-baseline-1jumecmw.png TABLE 1. Population characteristics at baseline https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-description-of-the-posterior-classification-from-the-2ctepxn2.png TABLE 3. Description of the posterior classification from the SARA joint latent class model according to the baseline characteristics for SCA1 patients https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-the-predictive-accuracy-of-the-two-126cf2bz.png FIG. 2. Comparison of the predictive accuracy of the two predicted risk of death models within the time window (s, s + 1) when s = [visits before 5-year] and t = 5 years from the JLCM estimated from SCA1 patient data: (A) Cross-validated estimate of EPOCE. (B) Difference in EPOCE and 95% tracking interval (top panel). (C) AUC estimate and 95% point-wise CIs (dashed lines). (D) Difference in AUC (solid line), 95% point-wise CIs (dashed lines) and 95% simultaneous confidence bands (dotted lines). CVPOL is the cross-validated estimate of EPOCE. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-class-specific-mean-trajectories-and-predicted-p9r8xtvw.png FIG. 1. Class-specific mean trajectories and predicted survival probabilities from the three-class JLC model for longitudinal SARA score in SCA1 patients. (A) Weighted subject-specific predicted SARA trajectories according to the JLC model equation: severe (red line) = 18 5 + 4 7 * time + 0 27 * CAG - 0 07 * interaction between time and repeat CAG; intermediate (green line) = 26 4 – 0 94 * time – 0 16 * CAG + 0 07 * interaction between time and repeat CAG; moderate (blue line) = 9 7 – 1.86 * time – 0 006 * CAG + 0 08 * interaction between time and repeat CAG. (B) Predicted survival according to the Weibull proportional hazard model equation with the intermediate group as reference (green line): severe (red line) = 0 275302 * 1 767472 * ((0 275302*time) ^(1 767472-1)) * e2 42274; moderate (blue line) = 0 275302 * 1 767472 * ((0 275302*time) ^(1 767472-1)) * e-3 43041. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multivariate-shared-random-effect-model-survival-3775kaf5.png TABLE 2. Multivariate shared random-effect model (survival submodel) from the SARA score according to genotype https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-the-time-evolution-of-the-covid-19-disease-in-4e0t4eneaj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-probability-density-kernels-for-the-parameters-bs-144521r2.png Fig. 9. A) Probability density kernels for the parameters βs and βc obtained by respectively bootstrapping the data ΣNs and Nc. The data used are represented as filled symbols in Figure 8. B) Kernels for R0 obtained by applying equation 2 to the bootstrapped parameters βs and βc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effects-of-uncontrolled-end-of-containment-same-model-1q0es73c.png Fig. 5. Effects of uncontrolled end of containment. Same model as in Figure 2 but with an uncontrolled end of containment at day 70 with a sudden resetting of R0 = 4.0. The model indicates that, after approximately one month of low-level infectious spread, the number of cases again dramatically increases after day 90. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-stochastic-simulations-obtained-for-6-different-values-1vmgi54a.png Fig. 7. Stochastic simulations obtained for 6 different values of the initial number of infectious. The value of ZI is indicated on each subplot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-same-model-1-as-in-figure-2-but-with-the-data-4c3sus11.png Fig. 10. Same Model 1 as in Figure 2 but with the data acquired from April 12 to May 25 2020 (vertical blue bars), i.e. not used to constrain the model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flowchart-of-the-stochastic-modelling-procedure-in-the-3oyqhnoi.png Fig. 1. Flowchart of the stochastic modelling procedure. In the general case, a susceptible non-infected person S1 becomes infected. This new infected I may contaminate a numberR0 of other susceptibles (here S2 and S3) during his infected period TI (red line) which may run beyond the recovery period ∆TI (in yellow). During the sub-period δTs (shaded rectangle), the infectious "I" may switch to state "severe" with a probability ps. If the patient remains in state "I" until the end of the recovery period ∆TI , he becomes definitively recovered "R". Instead, if the patient switches to state "s", he may either recover at the end of the recovery period ∆Ts or switch with a probability pc to state critical "c" during the switching period δTc. The same procedure applies to state critical "c". https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-data-used-in-the-present-study-number-sns-of-severe-19jqcsxq.png Fig. 8. Data used in the present study. Number ΣNs of severe cases (A) andNc of critical cases (C) as a function of time. In plots B and D, the data are presented in a semi-logarithmic graph. The filled symbols represent the data points used in the bootstrap computations and are assumed to belong to the linear part of the semi-logarithmic curves when an exponential regime is established. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-for-model-2-with-the-same-parameters-as-model-3ro9iopm.png Fig. 3. Results for model 2 with the same parameters as model 1 (Fig. 2) excepted for the containment R0 = 0.6 from day 19 (March 29). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-model-1-results-a-semi-logarithmic-natural-logarithm-3fan46jf.png Fig. 2. Model 1 results. A) semi-logarithmic (Natural logarithm) plot of the cumulative number ΣNs of severe cases. Green bars = data and red bars = model. B) Instantaneous numberNI of infectious. C) same as (A) in linear axis. D) Instantaneous numberNc of critical cases. Green bars = data and red bars = model. E) Cumulative number ΣNd of deceased patients. Green bars = data and red bars = model. The parameter values used in the model are shown in the upper-right part of the figure together with the time-variation of the basic reproductive number R0. The red rectangles represent the 80% confidence interval centred on the median. https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-the-reaction-forces-of-spiral-groove-gas-4yu8c4isch 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-neural-network-selection-by-two-objective-variables-3qbub21k.png Figure 6: Neural network selection by two objective variables, the percentage of data outside 2% error band (1) versus the total number of neurons of two layers (2). Filled circle: performance of selected net architecture with p0.02 < 2% and minimum number of total neurons for the cross-coupled sti ness and damping force coe cients. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fnn-performance-evaluation-for-response-variables-25oxmsw6.png Figure 7: FNN performance evaluation for response variables Fx and Fy. Normalized root mean squared error below 7 × 10−4 for 120k randomly distributed data points per compressibility number interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-the-pareto-curve-for-the-optimized-rotordynamic-2yheg5vg.png Figure 14: The Pareto curve for the optimized rotordynamic system in terms of minimum stability (at " = 0 and 0.5) and maximum load capacity (for " = 0.5) at generation 10. Gray region corresponds to unstable region. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-result-comparison-of-optimized-geometry-between-fdm-1d3ktd55.png Table 3 Result comparison of optimized geometry between FDM and meta-model approach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-pareto-optimum-for-di-erent-hgjb-geometrical-dyw5a5wq.png Figure 15: Pareto optimum for di erent HGJB geometrical parameters as a function of maximum radial force Fx, at generation 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-neural-network-variation-for-response-variable-cxy-2qbuqt2y.png Figure 5: Neural network variation for response variable Cxy.. Dashed red line: selected network architecture.The variation number corresponds to a given combination of the number of neurons on the rst and the second layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-computation-time-comparison-of-regression-model-2rm7cjb8.png Figure 13: Computation time comparison of regression model and numerically solving the NGT equation for sti ness and damping values for 41 whirl ratios. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-neural-network-selection-by-two-objective-variables-1pymlve5.png Figure 4: Neural network selection by two objective variables, the percentage of data outside 2% error band (1) versus the total number of neurons of two layers (2). Filled circle: performance of selected net architecture with p0.02 < 2% and minimum number of total neurons for the static force prediction. https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-the-italian-electricity-price-for-smart-grid-1saidwol3v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-model-notations-3u0zmltr.png Table 1: Summary of model notations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-hourly-mae-rmse-and-mape-obtained-by-the-predictive-2s9kum2a.png Table 4: Hourly MAE, RMSE and MAPE obtained by the predictive EA, KF and ESN models under the daily re-training setting on the 2011, 2012 and 2013 data. For baseline performance comparison, the results obtained by the day before algorithm are reported as well. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-influence-of-single-hyper-parameters-on-the-test-27d4y9tw.png Table 3: Influence of single hyper-parameters on the test performance achieved by Kalman Filter and ESNs in the basic experimental setting. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-among-the-electricity-price-values-and-zz7r4d0p.png Figure 3: Comparison among the electricity price values and the predictions obtained by EA, KF and ESN with daily retraining over a reference period (1-10 March, arbitrarily chosen) of the years 2011, 2012 and 2013. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-italian-electrical-energy-prices-in-years-2011-2012-11h79ly5.png Figure 1: Italian electrical energy prices in years 2011, 2012 and 2013. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hourly-mae-rmse-and-mape-obtained-by-the-basic-and-fwrg8gbz.png Table 2: Hourly MAE, RMSE and MAPE obtained by the basic and the improved settings of the predictive models on the 2011 data. For performance comparison, the results obtained by the day before algorithm and by MLP are reported as well. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-among-the-electricity-price-values-and-16embg0x.png Figure 2: Comparison among the electricity price values and predictions obtained by EA, KF and ESN, over a reference period of 10 days (1-10 March, arbitrarily chosen) in year 2011. https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-wood-density-breeding-values-of-pinus-taeda-3jazwe0u5b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-regression-results-of-checklots-wood-density-means-3qu3fmmx.png Table II. Regression results of checklots’ wood density means (seed orchard mixes) on site means (average of all sampled parents) for different testing regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-age-effects-on-average-wood-density-values-for-two-nk0zn8r2.png Figure 3. Age effects on average wood density values for two testing regions before and after data normalization using the checklot means. β1 is the regression coefficient (slope), R2 is the coefficient of determination, Pr is the F statistic probability value of the slope. Some sites had the same ages and thus, the number of data points visible is less than the actual number of sites. (a) Age effects on average wood density in Piedmont 7 testing region. The age of 18 trials ranged from 7 to 15 years. Because some of the trials were at the same ages, the actual number of point in the regression models is smaller than 18. (b) Age effects on average wood density values in Piedmont 6 testing region. The age of seven trials ranged from 7 to 16 years. Because some of the trials were at the same ages, the actual number of point in the regression models is smaller than seven. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-examination-of-normalized-wood-density-values-of-2ld9hc8y.png Figure 4. Examination of normalized wood density values of Piedmont 6 and Piedmont 7 testing regions of P. taeda. (a) Normal probability plots of normalized wood density values (empirical residuals) of two regions after fitting linear regression models. (b) Residuals versus predicted wood density values of Piedmont 7 and Piedmont 6 regions after fitting linear mixed models (Eq. (3)). The lack of an apparent trend in the distribution of residuals suggests that the assumption of constant error variance was not violated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-variance-components-approximate-standard-error-of-3ms9gbg5.png Table III. Variance components, approximate standard error of variance components (±SE), percent of total phenotypic variance explained by each factor (%), individual-tree narrow sense (h2i ) and half-sib family mean (h 2 hs) heritabilities of wood density in seven testing regions of Pinus taeda in the southeastern US. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-difference-between-average-breeding-values-of-2mb3ewqi.png Figure 1. The difference (%) between average breeding values of elite parents over the unimproved checklots in three geographic breeding zones of P. taeda. A truncated selection was used to select elite parents based on their progeny performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-seven-testing-regions-in-three-geographic-zones-1ei5zdux.png Figure 2. Seven testing regions in three geographic zones (Coastal, Piedmont and Northern) of P. taeda improvement program in the Southeast USA. The shaded area is the natural range of the species; the dots represent test sites where elite parents were sampled for wood density in this study. https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-study-of-structural-elastic-electronic-optical-387mklbuh7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2gh9egea.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-par-simulation-des-defauts-de-plissement-lors-de-3hs1xqikge 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-drapage-sur-un-hemisphere-a-geometrie-initiale-b-9r3d82pr.png Fig 3. Drapage sur un hémisphère, (a) géométrie initiale, (b) raideur de tension seule, (c) raideur en tension et cisaillement dans le plan, (d) traction - cisaillem nt plan + raideur en flexion, (e) membrane isotrope. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mise-en-forme-dun-renfort-textile-desequilibre-a-3ggvym7l.png Fig. 4. Mise en forme d’un renfort textile déséquilibré, (a)géométrie des outils,(b)raideur en tensio seule ,(c)raideur https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-evoution-de-la-taille-des-plis-en-fonction-du-n30zniun.png Fig. 6.Evoution de la taille des plis en fonction du coefficient de frottement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-chargement-sur-une-cer-et-resultantes-en-effort-b-18gi345m.png Fig. 1. (a) Chargement sur une CER et résultantes en effort: (b) tensions, (c) cisaillement dans le plan, (d) moments de flexion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-mise-en-valeur-de-la-forme-des-plis-en-foncti-des-171a6hfg.png Fig. 7. Mise en valeur de la forme des plis en foncti des séquences d’orientation des multicouches. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-element-fini-triangulaire-compose-de-cellules-afixwwd5.png Fig. 2. Elément fini triangulaire composé de cellules élémentaires. https://scispace.com/papers/predictive-ability-of-the-general-ability-index-gai-versus-3i1b06hnzh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sequential-regression-of-reading-achievement-scores-22fpys8o.png Table 4 Sequential Regression of Reading Achievement Scores on WISC–IV Index Scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-variance-accounted-for-by-full-scale-iq-fsiq-and-2vejjjmc.png Table 3 Variance Accounted for by Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) and General Ability Index (GAI) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-wisc-iv-and-wiat-ii-2fhluhas.png Table 1 Descriptive Statistics for WISC–IV and WIAT–II Composites https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-sequential-regression-of-math-achievement-scores-on-2hj1qzhz.png Table 5 Sequential Regression of Math Achievement Scores on WISC–IV Index Scores https://scispace.com/papers/predictions-of-protein-flexibility-first-order-measures-4busmg66z5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-deformability-for-the-16pk-kinase-same-as-fig-2-a-b-xrfpt9dp.png Fig. 5. (a) Deformability for the 16pk kinase [same as Fig. 2(a)]. (b) Flexibility index from the program FIRST. The picture was captured directly from the screen output of the FirstWeb website.14 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-deformability-blue-and-dihedral-angle-difference-3s79qqj3.png Fig. 3. Deformability (blue) and dihedral angle difference (magenta) between conformations A and B (Table I), plotted vs. residue number, for the four cases shown in Figure 2 (italic letters indicate corresponding features), using the optimal a (0.25). The deformability curves have been raised to avoid clutter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-and-size-coded-deformability-maps-for-four-of-mdlayq2s.png Fig. 2. Color- and size-coded deformability maps for four of the cases tested: (a) 16pk; (b) 1j4p; (c) 1dvr; (d) 1kkl. Red and large features indicate more flexible residues. Small italic letters refer to features indicated in Figure 3. The value of the parameter a is 0.25. Besides the double cue of color and size, the “fog” effect helps in distinguishing the depth of different parts of the molecules. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-testingbenchmarkconsisting-of-tenpairs-ofkinases-261xp3yh.png TABLE I. TestingBenchmarkConsisting of TenPairs ofKinases† https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-this-protein-pdb-code-1j4p-illustrates-the-contrast-mt6zqt0a.png Fig. 1. This protein (PDB code 1j4p) illustrates the contrast between mobility [given by the classical fluctuation formula (Eq. 11), and reflected in B-factors] and deformability (defined by Eq. 12). The helix is relatively rigid (low deformability values), but points near its tip are quite mobile (high mobility values), whereas the loop will have low mobility but high deformability values, acting as a hinge region around which the helix can rotate. See also Figures 2 and 3. https://scispace.com/papers/predictive-business-process-monitoring-via-generative-2zz08nxdgo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-the-datasets-s-is-the-37fmm670.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics of the datasets (|σ| is the trace length, ∆t is the time difference between two consecutive event timestamps) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-convergence-patterns-based-on-loss-functions-of-6cdos422.png Fig. 8: Convergence patterns based on loss functions of generator and discriminator when training for BPI17: a) no convergence; b) late convergence; c) early Convergence https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-mae-of-next-event-timestamp-prediction-on-the-test-set-1sxw8q5f.png Fig. 7: MAE of next event timestamp prediction on the test set for different k-prefixes, k ∈ {2, 4, . . . , 50}; Our approach vs. baselines https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-differences-between-a-generative-and-discriminative-1o8syve3.png Fig. 1: Differences between a generative and discriminative models; x is the input’s features, and y is the corresponding label https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-weighted-average-accuracy-for-next-label-prediction-ukio51s3.png Table 3: Weighted average accuracy for next label prediction, and Weighted average MAE for next timestamp prediction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-accuracy-of-next-event-label-prediction-on-the-test-1dnngt0k.png Fig. 6: Accuracy of next event label prediction on the test set for different k-prefixes, k ∈ {2, 4, . . . , 50}; Our approach vs. baselines https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-preprocessing-of-input-k-prefix-tz5dxsiu.png Table 1: Preprocessing of input k-prefix https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-generative-adversarial-nets-4-the-generator-produces-2a9j9t3h.png Fig. 2: Generative adversarial nets [4]; the generator produces fake examples from Gaussian noise, and the discriminator determines which of its input is real or fake. https://scispace.com/papers/predictive-accuracy-of-original-and-recalibrated-framingham-51w1w0qrtd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-predicted-number-of-chd-events-after-10-years-1afmex73.png Table II: predicted number of CHD events after 10 years according to the original and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-women-1a1n36is.png Figure 1: Women https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-expected-number-of-chd-events-after-10-years-in-the-3u2rwqxf.png Figure 1: Women https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-sensitivity-analysis-for-the-recalibrated-1wf9yani.png Table III: sensitivity analysis for the recalibrated Framingham risk function, by gender and age group. https://scispace.com/papers/predictive-control-and-communication-co-design-a-gaussian-1qlrys4yri 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-pendulum-angle-to-the-vertical-center-i-e-ing43h1b.png Fig. 2. Average pendulum angle to the vertical center, i.e., control error, with M = 30 control systems. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-illustration-of-m-2-control-systems-operated-via-3eyr4sdj.png Fig. 1. An illustration of M = 2 control systems operated via both state measurement by remote sensors and state prediction by GPR. https://scispace.com/papers/predictive-evolution-of-metabolic-phenotypes-using-model-4nppo1ftcv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-adaptive-laboratory-evolution-of-s-cerevisiae-in-3d2gv8rd.png Figure 2. Adaptive laboratory evolution of S. cerevisiae in model-designed selection niches led to predicted changes in aroma compound production in wine must fermentations. a) Origin of aroma compounds in the yeast central metabolism: branched-chain amino acid derived compounds (esp. 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, isoamyl acetate and 2-methylbutylacetate), and aromatic 5 amino acid derived compounds (esp. phenylethyl alcohol and phenylethyl acetate). Acetate esters of higher alcohols share an acetyl-CoA (ACCOA) precursor. b) Principal components analysis of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evolved-yeast-strains-show-molecular-changes-in-1fpnez9c.png Figure 3. Evolved yeast strains show molecular changes in line with the model predictions. a) Evolved populations and clones from the glycerol niche (indicated with G) exhibited large CNVs. Genome segment copy numbers are shown for evolved populations and clones (from glycerol and 5 ethanol niche indicated with G and E, respectively) along the chromosomes. Vertical lines indicate ends of contigs. The clones for which we determined protein and transcript alterations are indicated in bold. b) Loss-of-heterozygosity was associated with SNVs in evolved populations, and clones from the ethanol niche. c) Proteomics analysis of the evolved clones grown in wine must (the target niche) revealed both shared and niche-specific changes in comparison to the parental strain (three 10 biological replicates, multiple testing corrected p-value < 0.01, -1 ≥ log2 fc ≥ 1). Clones for which https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-selection-niches-and-surrogate-traits-for-darwinian-3mg6a2zv.png Figure 1. Selection niches and surrogate traits for Darwinian selection in absence of fitness 5 advantage. Current phenotype is represented with an orange circle whereas the orange star represents a desired phenotype. a) In the target niche (yellow), Darwinian process (grey arrows) selects for fitter phenotypes with diminished desired trait(s). b) The surrogate trait is chosen such that it is coupled to the desired trait in the target niche, but not in the selection niche (green). c) The surrogate trait is coupled to fitness in the selection niche and can therefore be improved 10 through Darwinian selection. d) Evolved cells with a strengthened surrogate trait manifest an improved desired trait in the target niche. e) A simplified schematic example of how the selection niche can be used for evolving desired traits. The desired trait in the example is the production of https://scispace.com/papers/predictive-factors-associated-with-driving-under-the-2d17odqdqt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-psychiatric-comorbidities-impulsivity-and-risky-20xdflfz.png Table 2 Psychiatric comorbidities, impulsivity and risky behaviors among DUI and nonDUI subjects. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sociodemographic-characteristics-and-drug-use-70twknxs.png Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics and drug use profile in a clinical sample of drug-users drivers from Brazil. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-robust-multiple-poisson-regression-model-for-dui-n-127-133bvzgi.png Fig. 1. Robust Multiple Poisson Regression Model for DUI (n= 127). https://scispace.com/papers/predictive-model-of-charge-mobilities-in-organic-1lesau3zuc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-experimental-ins-spectrum-dashed-black-curve-and-31gvdayk.png Figure 3. Experimental INS spectrum (dashed black curve) and spectra simulated with DFT (black curve), DFTB (blue curve), and ChIMES/ DFTB 16/8 model (red curve) in the energy ranges (a) 10−3500 cm−1, (b) 150−225 cm−1, (c) 800−1000 cm−1, and (d) 2800−3200 cm−1 for TIPS-PN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-of-the-procedure-followed-to-compute-the-vx8hddht.png Figure 1. Flowchart of the procedure followed to compute the simulated INS spectra. The vertical flow of black boxes denotes the steps followed to calculate the simulated phonon spectrum with DFT and the horizontal loop of red boxes denotes the additional steps needed to run ChIMES/DFTB. The ChIMES/DFTB achieves computational efficiency because the single point energy calculations, which are the vast majority of the computational expense, can be performed using ChIMES/DFTB. After the phonon spectrum is simulated, TLT is used to predict μh. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-correlation-of-the-fitted-forces-for-tips-pn-1nxtla91.png Figure 2. Correlation of the fitted forces for TIPS-PN including ChIMES 2-body only interaction potentials (in blue) and 2- and 3- body interaction potentials (in red). The dashed black line (y = x) is a guide to the eye, along which the data points should ideally lie. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-normalized-phonon-density-of-states-for-tips-pn-for-3hemk71q.png Figure 4. Normalized phonon density of states for TIPS-PN for a 1 × 1 × 1 (green curve), 2 × 2 × 1 (black curve), and 2 × 2 × 2 (red curve) and 4 × 4 × 2 supercell (dashed blue curve), with a smearing width of σ = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-chemical-structures-of-a-tips-pn-b-tbdms-pn-c-tms-37cnpgpa.png Figure 5. Chemical Structures of (a) TIPS-PN, (b) TBDMS-PN, (c) TMS-PN, (d) BDIPS-PN, and (e) EDIPS-PN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-graphical-representation-of-the-interacting-pairs-2qs43yai.png Figure 6. Graphical representation of the interacting pairs denoted as A, B, and C for which the transfer integrals and dynamic disorders are reported in Table 1. (a) TIPS-PN, (b) TBDMS-PN, (c) TMS-PN, (d) BDIPS-PN, and (e) EDIPS-PN. https://scispace.com/papers/predictive-model-in-the-presence-of-missing-data-the-49k32lx9np 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scatter-plot-of-the-age-in-weeks-of-amenorrhea-and-5894gke7.png Figure 3: scatter plot of the age (in weeks of amenorrhea) and the LGB (in millimeter). The regression model is shown with its 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hierarchical-cluster-analysis-using-the-correlation-2bzfxn9q.png Figure 1: hierarchical cluster analysis using the correlation coefficient of Pearson as similarity measure. We obtained 2 homogeneous clusters of covariates and 6 remaining covariates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scanner-of-a-male-fetus-of-37-weeks-of-amenorrhea-e73owfxv.png Figure 2: scanner of a male fetus of 37 weeks of amenorrhea: sagittal section. LGB: glabella basion length https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-the-four-modeling-procedures-sq5h63d4.png Table 1: Results of the four modeling procedures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-empirical-distribution-of-k-jk-j-30a5a41h.png Fig. 4: empirical distribution of k jk j https://scispace.com/papers/predictive-inference-for-bivariate-data-combining-1vp5kj0xk6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-predictive-performance-frank-copula-fdacis1d.png Table 2: Predictive performance, Frank copula https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-lower-and-upper-probabilities-for-tn-1-t-example-5-um4fq2v7.png Figure 4: Lower and upper probabilities for Tn+1 > t, Example 5.1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-lower-and-upper-probabilities-for-tn-1-t-example-5-1-3si28h1y.png Table 8: Lower and upper probabilities for Tn+1 > t, Example 5.1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-the-heights-cm-weights-kg-and-bmi-of-30-eleven-year-3q3ilbww.png Table 9: The heights (cm), weights (kg) and BMI of 30 eleven-year-old girls, Example 5.2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-simulations-from-normal-copula-frank-copula-assumed-wc38m7fw.png Table 4: Simulations from Normal copula; Frank copula assumed for inference https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-simulations-from-clayton-copula-frank-copula-assumed-2qec2scj.png Table 5: Simulations from Clayton copula; Frank copula assumed for inference https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-simulations-from-gumbel-copula-frank-copula-assumed-22vqo6hg.png Table 6: Simulations from Gumbel copula; Frank copula assumed for inference https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-lower-and-upper-survival-functions-26x78mps.png Figure 1: Illustration lower and upper survival functions https://scispace.com/papers/predictive-modelling-physico-chemical-properties-groundwater-dwytx2h9nz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-best-performance-indicators-for-caco3-2oebo1v7.png Figure 6. The best performance indicators for CaCo3 prediction (a) MARS testing model, (b) MLP testing model, (c) DRT testing model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mlp-basic-component-1i9bir2e.png Table 1. MLP basic component https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistical-characteristics-of-physico-chemical-hm8klvs7.png Table 1. MLP basic component https://scispace.com/papers/predictive-utility-of-the-neo-ffi-for-later-substance-3vvfz4rk4z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-neo-ffi-dimension-scores-for-alcohol-experienced-n-3b5e8xrz.png Figure 3 NEO-FFI dimension scores for alcohol experienced (n=911) and unexperienced (n=87) participants ** p<0.001, t-test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-neo-ffi-dimension-scores-for-tobacco-experienced-n-g7mdk4in.png Figure 2 NEO-FFI dimension scores for tobacco experienced (n=472) and unexperienced (n=526) participants ** p<0.001, t-test https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-score-of-dimensions-in-participants-with-substance-mrqknyb9.png Table 2 Score of dimensions in participants with substance experiences as compared to unexperienced participants. * p>0.0086 **p<0.001, t-test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experiences-with-substances-at-t2-232gw3kb.png Figure 1 Experiences with substances at T2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-neo-ffi-dimension-scores-for-cannabis-experienced-n-3gqt533f.png Figure 4 NEO-FFI dimension scores for cannabis experienced (n=241) and unexperienced (n=757) participants *p<0.0083 ** p<0.001, t-test https://scispace.com/papers/predictive-value-of-apoe-epsilon-4-allele-for-progression-3e3bzyn7pz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-diagram-of-study-selection-adapted-from-moher-2dxaueg1.png Figure 1 Flow diagram of study selection (adapted from Moher et al12). https://scispace.com/papers/predictors-of-excessive-internet-use-among-adolescents-in-1ts2mgpe6m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-about-here-162oynpg.png FIGURE 1 ABOUT HERE https://scispace.com/papers/predictors-of-covid-19-vaccine-acceptance-across-time-and-t97hm3r2xc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-political-ideology-and-vaccine-acceptance-in-the-uk-2c1mx8yu.png Figure 3. Political ideology and vaccine acceptance in the UK. Predicted likelihood that an individual will accept being vaccinated at varying levels of political ideology (1 = very liberal/left wing, 7 = very conservative/right wing) in UK samples over time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-covid-19-vaccine-acceptance-across-countries-and-365mrc9m.png Figure 1. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across countries and time. Percentage of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predictors-of-vaccine-acceptance-heatmap-of-odds-130x2ooh.png Figure 2. Predictors of vaccine acceptance. Heatmap of odds ratios in logistic regression model predicting stated vaccine acceptance. Columns represent individual samples and rows represent predictors in model. Grey values are non-significant, p > .05. Red shading indicates a lower likelihood of reported vaccine acceptance and blue shading a higher likelihood. For space, samples are defined by their two character ISO country code and a letter denoting participant source (D, Dynata; R, Respondi; P, Prolific). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-negative-general-attitudes-towards-vaccination-do-ihn3ldl2.png Figure 4. Negative general attitudes towards vaccination do not fully account for relationships in the model. Results of logistic regression models predicting reported COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in UK samples, excluding (left panel) or including (right panel) general vaccine attitudes as a predictor. Odds ratios shown are based on scaled https://scispace.com/papers/predictors-of-flexibility-in-social-identity-among-people-3emrxta80r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-quality-of-social-network-indicators-prior-to-entry-3ca2omxb.png Table 1. Quality of social network indicators prior to entry (N=117) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlations-between-change-measures-of-social-3dyg9ns0.png Table 4. Correlations between change measures of social identification and retention https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-pearsons-r-between-participants-scores-2wel0043.png Table 3. Correlations (Pearson’s r) between participants’ scores on Doosje’s Social Identification Scale and indication of missing using groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pre-entry-social-factors-that-enhance-inhibit-25fuqutx.png Table 2. Pre-entry social factors that enhance & inhibit identification with the TC at admission https://scispace.com/papers/predictiveness-and-reward-effects-on-attention-can-be-w4qezrv7pr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-results-of-simulation-1-for-experiment-1-b-a-b-atn-suitpt5x.png Table 10 Results of simulation 1 for Experiment 1-b. A/B atn. is the average of attention to cues A and B at the end of stage 1 (a for simple predictiveness and derived attention models, η for CompAct). C/D atn. is the same for cues C and D. Choice index (ranging from -2 to 2) is defined in the text; positive values indicate greater attention to cues A and B, while https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-100-1-vs-2-1-design-used-in-experiment-1-b-the-f9ooyla0.png Table 6 100/1 vs. 2/1 design used in Experiment 1-b. The “predicted” column lists the responses preferences predicted on the basis of previous research (Le Pelley et al., 2013), on the https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-results-of-simulation-2-for-experiments-2-a-b-a-b-13ab4q40.png Table 11 Results of simulation 2, for Experiments 2-a/b. A/B atn. is the average of attention to cues A and B at the end of stage 1 (a for simple predictiveness and derived attention https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulation-of-the-derived-attention-model-on-a-1yckd2nl.png Figure 2 . Simulation of the derived attention model on a highlighting design (Kruschke, 1996, Experiment 2). Parameters were as follows: λ = 0.1, amin = 0.1, ξ = 2.0. Associations and attention weights have been combined together according to the symmetry of the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simulation-of-compact-on-a-highlighting-design-1308ghua.png Figure 1 . Simulation of CompAct on a highlighting design (Kruschke, 1996, Experiment 2). Parameters were as follows: λ = 0.1, µ = 0.5, ξ = 2.0. Associations and attention https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simulation-of-compact-on-stage-1-of-experiment-2-2ylwzfu4.png Figure 5 . Simulation of CompAct on stage 1 of Experiment 2. Parameters were as follows: λ = 0.1, µ = 0.5, ξ = 2.00. Reward values were divided by a factor of 100. Different https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-simulation-results-for-highlighting-kruschke-1996-ejpd4qgu.png Table 13 Simulation results for highlighting (Kruschke, 1996, Experiment 2). Early cue atn. is the average of attention to cues PE1 and PE2 at the end of the experiment (a for simple predictiveness and derived attention models, η for CompAct). Late cue atn. is the same for cues PL1 and PL2. The highlighting index (ranging from -2 to 2) is defined in appendix A; positive values indicate a highlighting effect. Names of models consistent with empirical https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-simulation-results-for-the-correlation-effect-le-3l8i83bw.png Table 12 Simulation results for the correlation effect (Le Pelley & McLaren, 2003). Pred. cue atn. is the average of attention to cues A, B, C and D at the end of stage 1 (a for simple https://scispace.com/papers/predictors-of-foster-care-exits-to-permanency-a-competing-4s4mslzjil 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-smoothed-hazard-estimates-for-adoption-31ka4b9a.png Figure 4.4 Smoothed Hazard Estimates for Adoption https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-smoothed-hazard-estimates-for-guardianship-2lq5tznk.png Figure 4.3 Smoothed Hazard Estimates for Guardianship https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-smoothed-hazard-estimates-for-reunification-2o6syae3.png Figure 4.2 Smoothed Hazard Estimates for Reunification https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-description-of-dependent-and-independent-variables-1kmxv482.png Table 3.1 Description of Dependent and Independent Variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-time-to-foster-care-exits-to-permanency-by-type-2v1kf1j7.png Figure 4.5 Time to Foster Care Exits to Permanency By Type Of Permanency https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3-cramers-v-from-cross-tabulations-of-independent-2bapq3iq.png Table 4.3 Cramer’s V from Cross-Tabulations of Independent Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-8-likelihood-ratio-chi-square-statistics-for-vwzt0xyg.png Table 4.8 Likelihood-Ratio Chi-Square Statistics for Comparing Overall Model to Three Differentiating Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-7-overall-and-paired-comparisons-of-permanency-exit-a3t0k797.png Table 4.7 Overall and Paired Comparisons of Permanency Exit Types https://scispace.com/papers/predictors-of-patient-satisfaction-4pnthf1tfr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fully-satisfied-vs-not-fully-satisfied-qic9sgxs.png Table 1 Fully satisfied vs. not fully satisfied https://scispace.com/papers/predictors-of-risk-of-alcohol-exposed-pregnancies-among-5bypk3zjwx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-multivariate-logistic-regression-analyses-1dpi6a0r.png Table 3 Results of multivariate logistic regression analyses predicting risk of alcohol-exposed pr https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-multivariate-logistic-regression-analyses-m70mkxc3.png Table 2 Results of multivariate logistic regression analyses predicting risk of alcohol-exposed pre https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-substance-use-contraceptive-use-and-2pd9w63d.png Table 1 Demographic, substance use, contraceptive use and reproductive health characteristics of participants. https://scispace.com/papers/predictors-of-rehabilitation-intervention-decisions-in-487mor0ol2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-logistic-regression-models-with-multivariate-6dx4wlb8.png Table 3. Logistic regression models with multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for significant intervention decision predictors at the bivariate level. https://scispace.com/papers/predictors-of-time-to-cough-resolution-in-children-with-566kgve7ye 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-diagram-of-children-included-in-the-analysis-2e6feqm2.png Figure 1: Flow diagram of children included in the analysis https://scispace.com/papers/predictors-of-vitamin-d-supplementation-amongst-infants-in-v3t5m0wtds 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-binary-logistic-regression-model-examining-factors-1k9u3wnf.png Table III. Binary logistic regression model examining factors associated with recommended vitamin D supplementation amongst 158 12-month-old infants https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-binary-logistic-regression-model-examining-factors-2zg0pyh0.png Table I. Binary logistic regression model examining factors associated with recommended vitamin D supplementation amongst 158 4-month-old infants https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-binary-logistic-regression-model-examining-factors-1t0hrhqy.png Table II. Binary logistic regression model examining factors associated with recommended vitamin D supplementation amongst 158 9-month-old infants Characteristic β n OR 95% CI p-value* Maternal third level education https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-proportion-of-infants-receiving-a-daily-supplement-bwb2a2mq.png Figure I. Proportion of infants receiving a daily supplement of 5 micrograms (μg) of vitamin D 2 https://scispace.com/papers/predissociation-spectra-of-the-35cl-h2-complex-and-its-vfwq7nyp4n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-top-and-theoretical-bottom-c5jm7cs9.png Fig. 4 Experimental (top) and theoretical (bottom) predissociation spectra of Cl (H2) at 8 K. Since all transition occur from the vibrational ground state, the bands have been labeled using the final state vibrational quantum numbers (v1,v2,l2). Both spectra are normalized to unity at the maximum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-between-the-experimental-and-convolved-3ii7smgc.png Fig. 7 Comparison between the experimental and convolved theoretical predissociation spectrum of Cl (D2) at 22 K assuming a linewidth broadening of about 1 cm 1. The calculated spectra are shifted to the blue by 8 cm 1 to match the first experimental band. All spectra are normalized to unity at the maximum. https://scispace.com/papers/preemption-in-the-rehnquist-and-roberts-courts-an-empirical-1gipkocfj4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-preemption-case-by-subject-matter29-1h6gskdj.png Table 1: Preemption Case by Subject Matter29 https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-osg-amicus-preemption-briefs-2x3nze62.png Table 16: OSG Amicus Preemption Briefs https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-conditional-probabilities-pro-preemption-outcome-2xpqbe4l.png Table 17: Conditional Probabilities, Pro-Preemption Outcome https://scispace.com/figures/table-18-a-effect-of-osg-participation-on-likelihood-of-3gr0qwh6.png Table 18(a): Effect of OSG Participation on Likelihood of Preemption, All Cases https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-tort-v-regulatory-cases-conflict-level-and-outcomes-2yxcqwq9.png Table 5: Tort v. Regulatory Cases: Conflict Level and Outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/table-19-fxhysmxm.png Table 19 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-probabilities-of-preemption-by-party-3j4lm9yv.png Table 11: Probabilities of Preemption, by Party Constellation43 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-tort-preemption-claims-by-subject-matter-j4hvdivk.png Table 4: Tort Preemption Claims by Subject Matter https://scispace.com/papers/preesm-a-dataflow-based-rapid-prototyping-framework-for-26q68i2gwk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-preesm-rapid-prototyping-process-an-example-of-a-3a5x1ahk.png Figure 1: PREESM Rapid Prototyping Process: An Example of a Workflow https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pisdf-graph-of-the-stereo-matching-application-19ldfp0d.png Figure 4: PiSDF graph of the stereo matching application https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-memory-footprint-of-the-stereo-matching-application-2lc8iutb.png Figure 6: Memory footprint of the stereo matching application depending on the number of targeted C6x cores. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-throughput-of-the-stereo-matching-application-2orabekr.png Figure 5: Throughput of the stereo matching application depending on the number of targeted C6x cores. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-example-of-a-s-lam-model-3rx9pux5.png Figure 3: An Example of a S-LAM Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-of-a-pisdf-model-yrv3i7sc.png Figure 2: An Example of a PiSDF Model https://scispace.com/papers/preference-elicitation-under-oath-1svcpzmnse 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-oath-form-used-in-the-experiments-17hfa7m4.png Figure 1: Oath form used in the experiments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-bids-from-trained-and-untrained-2j5wlzy5.png Figure 3: Distribution of bids from trained and untrained bidders https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-homegrown-bidding-behavior-in-real-and-hypothetical-3ramec6n.png Table 5: Homegrown bidding behavior in real and hypothetical treatments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-bids-in-cheap-talk-treatments-2mijp0r5.png Figure 4: Distribution of bids in Cheap Talk treatments https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-homegrown-bidding-behavior-after-oath-and-or-cheap-r0q5eqbd.png Table 9: Homegrown bidding behavior after oath and/or cheap talk https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-bids-in-the-baseline-incentives-and-3sz4j3ng.png Figure 2: Distribution of bids in the baseline, incentives and oath treatments https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-induced-value-bidding-behavior-by-group-and-induced-jzb41p1y.png Table 3: Induced value bidding behavior by group and Induced Value https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-homegrown-bidding-behavior-under-a-meaningful-oath-36e1m9bh.png Table 10: Homegrown bidding behavior under a meaningful oath https://scispace.com/papers/preference-performance-relationship-and-influence-of-plant-7robsfl670 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-se-percentage-of-attack-nuptial-chambers-and-11p3roz1.png Figure 3 Mean ± SE percentage of attack, nuptial chambers and fertile egg galleries of the second generation calculated on the number of exit holes of a first generation of Pityogenes chalcographus that developed on five host species after a no-choice assay. No significant results were found using a pairwise Kruskal–Wallis test (P < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-se-number-of-nuptial-chambers-and-fertile-egg-38v006bn.png Figure 2 Mean ± SE number of nuptial chambers and fertile egg galleries of Pityogenes chalcographus after artificial introduction of insects in logs of five different host species. Bars with the same letter did not differ significantly from each other using a pairwise Kruskal–Wallis test (P < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mixed-effect-linear-model-results-constructed-with-3dprxbb1.png Table 1 Mixed-effect linear model results constructed with the simple model for three response variables tested based on Picea abies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-se-densities-of-attack-nuptial-chambers-and-25flqjvs.png Figure 1 Mean ± SE densities of attack, nuptial chambers and fertile egg galleries of Pityogenes chalcographus on five host species, during the choice assay. **Host species significantly preferred by the beetles using a mixed-effect linear model (P < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-se-performance-parameters-of-pityogenes-l9eo4atb.png Table 2 Mean ± SE performance parameters of Pityogenes chalcographus submitted to a host selection assay among five host species in the choice assay https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-se-performance-parameters-of-pityogenes-320o5z7v.png Table 3 Mean ± SE performance parameters of Pityogenes chalcographus in five host species in the no-choice assay https://scispace.com/papers/preferences-and-values-for-forests-and-wetlands-a-comparison-5dyn9hcjeg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-natural-area-value-scale-rd1jsygc.png Figure 3. The Natural Area Value Scale https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relative-value-scores-for-the-combined-sample-3kdc8ftv.png Table 1 Relative value scores for the combined sample clusters (negative values are shaded) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-samples-in-the-clusters-116p07q8.png Table 2 Distribution of samples in the clusters https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-frequencies-for-park-preference-pp-3p5ecjs4.png Table 3 Frequencies (%) for Park Preference (PP) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-clusters-frequencies-for-willingness-to-sacrifice-pm62dknd.png Table 6 Clusters: Frequencies (%) for Willingness to Sacrifice (WTS) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-clusters-frequencies-for-park-preference-pp-1i81k7pc.png Table 4 Clusters: Frequencies (%) for Park Preference (PP) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-comparison-of-ecosystems-by-clusters-p-values-shaded-2rqpwe8s.png Table 7 Comparison of ecosystems by clusters (p values) (shaded sections show a significant difference between the scenarios) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-frequencies-for-willingness-to-sacrifice-wts-23f5e003.png Table 5 Frequencies (%) for Willingness to Sacrifice (WTS) https://scispace.com/papers/preferred-waterflood-management-practices-for-the-spraberry-15lqv23vfl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-11-tracer-response-after-5-days-1puom8jp.png Fig. 2.11- Tracer response after 5 days https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-31-cumulative-production-estimates-for-different-rates-s9h8d8il.png Fig. 2.31 – Cumulative production estimates for different rates after waterflooding https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-30-decline-curve-analysis-after-waterflooding-was-28mq115g.png Fig. 2.30 – Decline curve analysis after waterflooding was started https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-8-oil-response-seen-at-on-trend-wells-1999-2002-qbrnlqjs.png Fig. 2.8 - Oil response seen at on-trend wells (1999-2002) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-14-nominal-decline-rate-above-and-below-base-case-3c0dls1v.png Fig. 1.14 - Nominal decline rate above and below base case decline curve for current E.T. O’Daniel waterflood performance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-15-nominal-decline-rate-above-and-below-base-case-1zrwm5uo.png Fig. 1.15 - Nominal decline rate above and below base case decline curve for old E.T.O’Daniel waterflood performance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-17-decline-curve-analysis-taken-from-last-data-points-1gm3pqv9.png Fig. 1.17 – Decline curve analysis taken from last data points and continued with the forecasting incremental oil from old and current ET’O’Daniel waterflood performance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-16-decline-curve-analysis-taken-from-last-data-points-32vxtu7r.png Fig. 1.16 – Decline curve analysis taken from last data points. https://scispace.com/papers/preferred-dance-tempo-does-sex-or-body-morphology-influence-134hdzbo23 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-preferred-beat-period-in-ms-vs-stature-av-rage-ypilsi69.png Figure 2: Preferred beat period in ms vs. stature: av rage standardized height and leg length (unfilled circles) and sex (grey +). The plot shows that a tall height and long average leg length is associated with a slow tempo. The overlapping relationship with sex (aligned vertically according to their coding as 0=male and 1=female) can also be seen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shows-the-distribution-of-selected-beat-periods-for-sm8ymszy.png Figure 3 shows the distribution of selected beat periods for the 40 participants in Experiment 2. In comparison with the distribution in Experiment 1, the mean selected beat period is marginally lower, 415 ms (corresponding to 132 bpm) with a standard deviation of 415ms. This beat period still corresponds to a slightly higher tempo than would be expected from previous studies (e.g. MacDougall and Moore, 2005). Like in Experiment 1, the distribution is still positively skewed and again the range (256 to 803 ms) might indicate that some participants were doubling or halving the tempo when dancing. For the purpose of the subsequent analysis, the preferred beat period data was logarithmically transformed to a new variable LogBeat (=ln(beat period)), which had a close to normal distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-between-the-anthropometric-measur-s-from-2n9tm24k.png Table 3. Comparison between the anthropometric measur s from Experiment 1 (30 participants in Columbus, Ohio) and 2 (40 participants in Hanover, Germany). Length measures (Height and Legs) are in cm and Weight in kg. Legs refer to the average length of left and right leg. Maximum and minimum measures for each experiment are shown in italics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlation-matrix-for-the-recorded-variables-in-n3su9s7i.png Table 1: Correlation matrix for the recorded variables in Experiment 1. Significant correlations (2-tailed) are marked with ** (p<0.01) and * (p<0.05). Point biserial correlations between the dichotomous variable sex and the continuous variables is interpreted as in the following example: as the sex variable increases from male (0) to female (1), there is a .6 decrease in preferred beat period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-linear-model-of-predictors-for-preferred-beat-period-1p6ysxqm.png Table 2: Linear model of predictors for preferred beat period (95% confidence intervals are reported in parenthesis.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-linear-model-of-predictors-for-logarithmically-n89mzb05.png Table 5: Linear model of predictors for logarithmically transformed preferred beat period (95% confidence intervals are reported in parenthesis.) https://scispace.com/papers/pregnancy-and-birth-outcomes-after-sars-cov-2-vaccination-in-53ahlqc2p8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-the-study-population-268-sryi3dwm.png Table 1. Demographics of the study population 268 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-maternal-and-delivery-outcomes-after-vaccination-1yitme1p.png Table 2. Maternal and delivery outcomes after vaccination during pregnancy 271 272 https://scispace.com/papers/pregnancy-anxiety-and-preterm-birth-the-moderating-role-of-2l9i094cm9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-sample-1u6cgkf7.png Table 1 Characteristics of the Sample https://scispace.com/papers/prehistoric-birds-from-rurutu-austral-islands-east-polynesia-1j640166pr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stratigraphic-profile-of-areas-1-and-2-peva-dune-34juv7m7.png Figure 4. Stratigraphic profile of Areas 1 and 2, Peva dune site, Rurutu. The primary cultural strata are Layer B (LEP) and Layer D (EEP). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-southwestern-portion-of-eastern-polynesia-mjj2j87u.png Figure 1. The southwestern portion of eastern Polynesia, including the Society, Cook, and Austral islands. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2yhbis0j.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rurutu-the-three-modern-villages-are-in-black-2sflx85d.png Figure 2. Rurutu. The three modern villages are in black. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2wo5nowj.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plan-view-of-the-peva-dune-site-rurutu-94owxgqx.png Figure 3. Plan view of the Peva dune site, Rurutu. https://scispace.com/papers/prehistoric-exchange-across-the-vitiaz-strait-papua-new-2ptrj6rmxm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-sequence-of-change-in-past-patterns-of-exchange-in-37ef77rc.png FIG. 2. A sequence of change in past patterns of exchange in the Vitiaz Strait region. Deposition at the mainland site at Sio appears to have commenced at the start of the Tambali phase and ceased at the end of the Omadama https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i-the-study-area-j3sos8me.png FIG. I. The study area. https://scispace.com/papers/preinterventional-screening-of-the-tavi-patient-how-to-hbuq7g0pyr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-calculating-the-distance-between-the-aortic-annular-2zk7mq6c.png Fig. 3 Calculating the distance between the aortic annular plane and left (a) and right (b) coronary ostia using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). A recent study using MDCT revealed that the mean distance between the aortic annulus and left coronary artery is 14.4 ± 3.6 mm and the mean distance between the aortic annulus and right coronary artery is 16.7 ± 3.6 mm [30]. An adequate distance between the aortic annulus and coronary ostia ([10 mm) is critically important for implantation of balloon-expandable bioprostheses and must be determined during the screening process https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-introducer-sheaths-used-with-the-medtronic-corevalve-1jmx83fb.png Table 4 Introducer sheaths used with the Medtronic CoreValve https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-clinical-decision-algorithm-for-patients-presenting-2t627o4b.png Fig. 1 Clinical decision algorithm for patients presenting with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. Adapted and modified from Webb et al. [9] with permission from Elsevier. AVR aortic valve replacement, TAVI transcatheter aortic valve replacement https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-aortic-annulus-used-for-the-purposes-of-aortic-3pn38tce.png Fig. 4 The aortic annulus used for the purposes of aortic prosthesis sizing concerns a virtual ring formed by the basal attachments of the aortic valve cusps located at the base of the crown. The ring formed at the top of the crown represents a true ring and forms the sinotubular junction. Figure adapted from Sinning et al. [62] and used with permission from Elsevier https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-multimodality-imaging-of-the-aortic-annulus-the-26i00bz1.png Fig. 5 Multimodality imaging of the aortic annulus. The annulus may be imaged using the 120 –140 long-axis view (3-chamber view) in transesophageal echocardiography (a) or using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) (b–d). The virtual annulus is measured at the level of the basal attachments of the aortic valve leaflets (b). A multiplanar reconstruction in the coronal view enables measurements of the sinuses of Valsalva and ascending aorta (d) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-imaging-of-the-femoral-arteries-using-contrast-2wbd0nkb.png Fig. 2 Imaging of the femoral arteries using contrast angiography (a) and threedimensional reconstruction using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) (b). Preinterventional multimodality imaging is important to assess the minimal femoral diameters, calcific burden and degree of tortuosity of the peripheral vessels https://scispace.com/papers/prejudice-against-muslim-australians-the-role-of-values-22rm7xqe1i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-prevalence-of-themes-ordered-by-frequency-and-cnzvjsr6.png Table 2. Values: Prevalence of Themes (ordered by frequency) and Kappa Reliability ________________________________________________________________________ https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-qualitative-themes-3mjtk0bq.png Table 1. Examples of qualitative themes ___________________________________________________________________ https://scispace.com/papers/preliminary-assessment-of-two-alternative-core-design-3b41yo3mqw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-2-uo2-thermal-conductivity-27bit7ch.png Table 11.2. UO2 thermal conductivity https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-5-sodium-thermal-conductivity-2bqts88m.png Table 11.5. Sodium thermal conductivity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-31-fractional-decay-heat-contribution-from-mas-and-31ggbzj8.png Figure 31. Fractional decay heat contribution from MAs and FPs (Design B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-32-neutron-and-photon-dose-rates-at-the-core-mid-3pdgr2fi.png Figure 32. Neutron and photon dose rates at the core mid-plane outside of the reactor shield (Design B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-design-a-fuel-element-with-rounded-inner-surface-34hpyb8k.png Figure 20. Design A fuel element with rounded inner surface of the outer fuel clad and corresponding rounding of the UO2 pellet corners; arrows show the UO2 space filled by the outer stainless steel clad. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-parametric-study-cases-p6pdq55l.png Table 2.1. Parametric study cases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-design-b-outer-tank-composed-of-the-top-and-bottom-11bqjd63.png Figure 15. Design B outer tank composed of the top and bottom reflectors and sidewall steel plates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-1-x-y-plane-temperature-cross-section-2q5ikdg2.png Figure 12.1. X-Y plane temperature cross-section https://scispace.com/papers/preliminary-feasibility-study-of-using-solid-state-nuclear-4oxv031lov 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-proton-decoupled-mas-nmr-echo-spectra-of-s-23-2fatdpjd.png Figure 3.1. Proton-Decoupled MAS NMR Echo Spectra of S-23 Gibbsite (a, b), S-11 Gibbsite (c, d), https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-proton-decoupled-mas-nmr-spectra-of-aluminates-vjd3gxze.png Figure 3.2. Proton-Decoupled MAS NMR Spectra of Aluminates with Varying Iron Concentrations. The time-domain signals were acquired following a single-excitation pulse of duration 12.0 µs https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-compounds-used-in-preparing-the-s-101-simulant-32ak2mvf.png Table 2.2. Compounds Used in Preparing the S-101 Simulant https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-proton-decoupled-23na-mas-nmr-echo-spectra-of-2qcqir4a.png Figure 3.3. Proton-Decoupled 23Na MAS NMR Echo Spectra of Tank S-101 Sludge Simulant (top) and Na7F(PO4)2•19H2O (bottom). The sample spinning speed was 10 kHz, and a 0.25 ms https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-preparation-of-iron-doped-aluminum-oxy-hydroxide-1xaab7j4.png Table 2.1. Preparation of Iron-Doped Aluminum Oxy/Hydroxide Samples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-proposed-methodology-for-optimizing-the-esw-21rcpt38.png Figure 1.1. Proposed Methodology For Optimizing the ESW Process https://scispace.com/papers/preliminary-experiences-with-a-tablet-pc-based-system-to-3rnpqhh0yg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-student-submissions-for-the-same-problem-z9oggmjd.png Figure 3. Two student submissions for the same problem. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sample-student-submission-that-prompted-a-n83xj15x.png Figure 2. Sample student submission that prompted a discussion of common errors with for loops. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-instructor-view-of-student-work-inked-on-top-of-a-3nlwif5r.png Figure 1. Instructor view of student work inked on top of a prepared slide. Here the student used color and created a legend to explain the color use. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-a-spontaneous-in-class-activity-the-2t9rhmwl.png Figure 4. Example of a spontaneous in-class activity. The instructor wrote the numbers shown above as the output of a nested loop. Students then overwrote the instructor’s ink with a circle and a square identifying certain loop iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-two-examples-of-student-work-exploring-design-3c7xvozr.png Figure 5. Two examples of student work exploring design. https://scispace.com/papers/preliminary-failure-modes-and-effects-analysis-of-the-us-4rsa7uvqer 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-helium-loop-fmea-results-for-postulated-initiating-1omk7gsx.png Table 3-1. Helium loop FMEA results for postulated initiating events. https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-1-annual-worker-exposures-at-the-ebr-ii-and-fftf-1pzx9eyp.png Table D-1. Annual Worker Exposures at the EBR-II and FFTF sodium cooled reactors https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-event-frequency-categories-1jcrfwws.png Table 5-1. Event frequency categories. https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-4-summary-of-repair-and-replacement-times-from-inl-2s4ye5oe.png Table D-4. Summary of repair and replacement times from INL operating experiences https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-pb-17li-loop-fmea-results-for-postulated-1iyhseey.png Table 2-2. Pb-17Li Loop FMEA Results for postulated initiating events https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-3-testing-calibration-and-preventive-maintenance-6946xck4.png Table D-3. Testing, Calibration, and Preventive Maintenance Times, continued. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-u-s-dcll-tbm-preliminary-fmea-results-3o6t1ne7.png Table 5-2. U.S. DCLL TBM preliminary FMEA results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-the-helium-flow-loop-of-the-u-s-dcll-tbm-note-1pn58ryu.png Figure 3-1. The helium flow loop of the U.S. DCLL TBM. Note that nine helium storage, four helium dump, and one buffer tank(s) are not shown. https://scispace.com/papers/preliminary-investigation-of-sulfur-loading-in-hanford-law-2kc16kb521 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-comparison-of-lawc22-and-lawn-1-formulations-mass-14030rlo.png Table 3.3. Comparison of LAWC22 and LAWN-1 Formulations (mass% glass oxides and halogens) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-7-summary-of-test-segments-for-rsm-01-2-2c34uxl0.png Table 2.7. Summary of Test Segments for RSM-01-2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-measured-sulfur-solubility-in-simulated-hanford-38n3d6nh.png Figure 2.2. Measured Sulfur Solubility in Simulated Hanford LAW Glass Melts at 1200°C (from Pegg et al. 2000) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-laboratory-scale-melter-schematic-from-darab-et-2n6wpt92.png Figure 3.1. Laboratory-Scale Melter Schematic (from Darab et al. 2001) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-schematic-of-the-research-scale-melter-system-307lh10i.png Figure 2.4. Schematic of the Research-Scale Melter System (after Goles et al. 2001) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-so3-solubility-as-a-function-of-cnbo2-cbo-cnbo-is-1auox9nj.png Figure 2.1. SO3 Solubility as a Function of cNBO2/cBO (cNBO is the non-bridging oxygen concentration, and cBO is the bridging oxygen concentration as defined by Papadopoulos 1973) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-various-sbw-composition-estimates-vienna-et-al-2f8y39wl.png Table 2.2. Various SBW Composition Estimates (Vienna et al. 2002) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-4-summary-of-rsm-01-1-segments-zavn1xge.png Table 2.4. Summary of RSM-01-1 Segments https://scispace.com/papers/preliminary-investigation-of-the-associations-between-2abm2dg85s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-f-change-degree-of-freedom-r-square-r-square-change-3t5atb2s.png Table 4 F change, degree of freedom, R square, R square change, and β for the regression models, with pain, GI-specific anxiety and PF process variables as independent variables and outcome variables as dependent variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-the-participants-3bp1hqhw.png Table 1 Demographics of the participants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-f-change-degree-of-freedom-r-square-r-square-change-3dzswhv3.png Table 3 F change, degree of freedom, R square, R square change, and β for the regression models, with pain and PF process variables as independent variables and outcome variables as dependent variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-pain-and-pf-process-variables-3f7t7u3p.png Table 2 Correlations between pain and PF process variables, and outcome variables. https://scispace.com/papers/preliminary-modelling-of-crack-nucleation-and-propagation-in-pad6wqz09o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-loads-and-boundary-conditions-applied-to-the-yekyeuqn.png Figure 2 - The loads and boundary conditions applied to the model. It should be noted that the mesh is shown as ten times as coarse as that employed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-the-crack-patterns-and-time-to-failure-for-2thqvwm8.png Figure 15 – The crack patterns and time to failure for different nodal spacings at a horizon ratio of 3.0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-the-crack-patterns-and-time-to-failure-for-653lfore.png Figure 16 – The crack patterns and time to failure for different horizon ratios at a constant nodal spacing of 40 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-temperature-imposed-on-the-cladding-outer-26eo9zfw.png Figure 5 - The temperature imposed on the cladding outer surface and predicted on the inner surface using the finite element and peridynamic models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-fibre-pull-out-following-matrix-cracking-during-1r20qttc.png Figure 11 – Fibre pull-out following matrix cracking during the reduction in power at the start of the outage in the peridynamic model with an inner monolith. Contours show the pull-out strain and the temperatures shown are the outer surface temperaure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-construction-of-a-bond-based-peridynamics-model-2jm41jro.png Figure 1 – The construction of a bond-based peridynamics model in Abaqus. Peridynamic terms are shown in blue and finite element terms in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-fibre-pull-out-strain-across-the-radius-of-the-f8vuijrm.png Figure 12 – Fibre pull-out strain across the radius of the cladding at the end of the simulation at a position in the centre of the sample with no inner monolith, ahead of a radial crack in the monolith (section X in Figure 11) and away from a radial crack in the monolith (section Y in Figure 11). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cladding-dimensions-in-the-open-literature-3agoyo0p.png Table 1 – Cladding dimensions in the open literature. https://scispace.com/papers/preliminary-performance-of-the-advanced-dental-admission-3sakixaqe4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-applicants-adat-mean-scores-sd-by-presence-or-lack-1zmu6mxx.png Table 6. Applicants’ ADAT mean scores (SD) by presence or lack of research experience https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-applicants-adat-mean-scores-sd-by-gender-1x1ldxk6.png Table 4. Applicants’ ADAT mean scores (SD) by gender https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-applicants-adat-mean-scores-sd-by-ethnicity-3ebbofgw.png Table 5. Applicants’ ADAT mean scores (SD) by ethnicity https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-quantitative-measures-provided-by-applicants-in-almyjb2s.png Table 2. Quantitative measures provided by applicants in support of their application (N=92) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-of-applicants-toefl-gre-gpa-and-class-15zoa7fx.png Table 3. Correlations of applicants’ TOEFL, GRE, GPA, and class rank with ADAT scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-applicants-demographic-educational-and-professional-2vb9lqow.png Table 1. Applicants’ demographic, educational, and professional characteristics (N=92) https://scispace.com/papers/preliminary-results-of-the-feasibility-of-hydrogen-detection-hli7bhkiap 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-detection-of-carbon-dioxide-in-nitrogen-3o2ejrl0.png Figure 4. Example of detection of carbon dioxide in nitrogen with an uncoated 2000 x 400 x 15 µm3 silicon cantilever https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-microcantilever-3qk3hhpf.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of the microcantilever geometry and of the transverse bending vibration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-detection-of-hydrogen-in-nitrogen-with-1o0mlgw1.png Figure 3. Example of detection of hydrogen in nitrogen with an uncoated 2000 x 400 x 15 µm3 silicon cantilever https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-representation-of-the-microcantilever-p05cgolm.png Figure 2. Schematic representation of the microcantilever electromagnetic actuation and piezoresistive read-out https://scispace.com/papers/preliminary-risk-analysis-of-the-lhc-cryogenic-system-2gj0yz3eyi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-risk-analysis-1zq1875w.png Figure 1: Schematic representation of the risk analysis method https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-flow-scheme-of-lhc-elementary-cooling-loop-33won72b.png Figure 4: Flow-scheme of LHC elementary cooling loop https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-credible-failures-of-the-cryogenic-elements-located-35yhmw0f.png Table 6: Credible failures of the cryogenic elements located in the tunnel and their causes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-typical-layout-of-cryogenic-equipment-at-the-1gbh78b6.png Figure 12: Typical layout of cryogenic equipment at the surface (P8) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-typical-layout-of-piping-at-an-even-numbered-point-11pim1o4.png Figure 11: Typical layout of piping at an even-numbered point (P4, P6, P8) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simplified-lhc-flow-scheme-showing-safety-relief-2wlz61sp.png Figure 5: Simplified LHC flow-scheme showing safety relief valve locations https://scispace.com/figures/table-30-worst-case-scenario-failures-for-the-lhc-cryogenic-122h5bm1.png Table 30: Worst case scenario failures for the LHC cryogenic system nodes located in the tunnel, caverns, shafts and at the surface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-layout-of-cryogenic-equipment-in-a-typical-cavern-1nz825ti.png Figure 10: Layout of cryogenic equipment in a typical cavern (P8) https://scispace.com/papers/preliminary-results-on-temperature-distribution-in-the-3x9nqt0u12 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-best-fit-for-spring-and-autumn-data-of-the-plain-2b2sjlbx.png Fig. 2 – Best fit for spring and autumn data of the plain sectors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-piezometric-monitoring-network-of-piedmont-region-6j1iybeh.png Fig. 1 –Piezometric monitoring network of Piedmont Region. https://scispace.com/papers/preliminary-study-on-the-development-of-sulfonated-graphene-1dofu8c8mx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ft-ir-spectra-of-the-pristine-go-and-sulfonated-3ic2krxd.png Figure 3. FT-IR spectra of the pristine GO and sulfonated membranes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-of-tg-and-dtg-analysis-for-all-the-prepared-auirvdv7.png Figure 4. Results of TG and DTG analysis for all the prepared membranes https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-reaction-mixtures-composition-and-mean-thickness-cy2lz8zu.png TABLE I. Reaction mixtures composition and mean thickness values of the obtained membranes https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-water-uptake-iec-ds-and-conductivity-values-1wwzrkyo.png TABLE II. Water uptake, IEC, DS and conductivity values obtained for pristine and sulfonated GO membranes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-a-general-nyquist-plot-obtained-from-eis-i0off33z.png Figure 1. Example of a general Nyquist plot obtained from EIS for the measurement of membranes internal resistance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optical-microscope-images-of-the-prepared-membranes-3k5avshy.png Figure 2. Optical microscope images of the prepared membranes, magnification of 100x https://scispace.com/papers/preliminary-x-ray-diffraction-studies-of-the-transcriptional-13o929woat 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-collection-statistics-xudiko84.png Table 1 Data-collection statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representation-of-fab41-4-following-molecular-21u10s9t.png Figure 1 Representation of Fab41.4 following molecular replacement. The VL region was replaced with the coordinates of Fab58.2 and the VH region was replaced with MOPC21. https://scispace.com/papers/premature-mortality-in-epilepsy-and-the-role-of-psychiatric-3mdb3se95l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-associations-of-external-causes-of-death-in-epilepsy-13sz95lx.png Table 6: Associations of external causes of death in epilepsy with psychiatric comorbidity https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-sociodemographic-information-for-cohorts-of-21sox3fr.png Table 1: Baseline sociodemographic information for cohorts of individuals with epilepsy and comparison groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prevalence-of-pre-existing-new-and-lifetime-17mxq24y.png Table 2: Prevalence of pre-existing, new, and lifetime psychiatric morbidity in individuals with epilepsy https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-risks-of-premature-death-in-individuals-with-3n8pfx9o.png Table 4: Risks of premature death in individuals with epilepsy compared to population controls and unaff ected siblings https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-prevalence-and-odds-of-premature-mortality-in-1fon56jw.png Table 3: Prevalence and odds of premature mortality in epilepsy, by International Classifi cation of Diseases chapter https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mortality-risks-after-diagnosis-with-epilepsy-3e1qlbgq.png Table 5: Mortality risks after diagnosis with epilepsy, stratifi ed by diagnostic threshold, sex, severity, patient type, epilepsy subtype, age group, birth order, and time after fi rst diagnosis https://scispace.com/papers/premorbid-weight-body-mass-and-varsity-athletics-in-als-d48edmra1g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-subjects-who-reported-always-being-slim-being-a0ugdesm.png Table 2 Subjects who reported always being slim; being varsity athletes; and in the three body mass index (BMI) categories in the motor neuron disease and control group https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequencies-and-percentages-of-subjects-in-2ec2yjgj.png Table 1 Frequencies and percentages of subjects in diagnostic groups of motor neuron disease https://scispace.com/papers/prenatal-diagnosis-of-cardiac-defects-accuracy-and-benefit-4s7i47w9nd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cardiac-diagnoses-made-prenatally-and-postnatally-m32fbfk3.png Table 1 Cardiac diagnoses made prenatally and postnatally https://scispace.com/papers/prenatal-prediction-of-pulmonary-hypoplasia-clinical-1zd8v71kft 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-efficacy-of-the-biometric-and-doppler-parameters-in-3oz6dire.png TABLE 3. Efficacy of the Biometric and Doppler Parameters in the Prenatal Prediction of lethal LH in the Total Study Group https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-efficacy-of-the-biometric-and-doppler-parameters-e1xk56l0.png TABLE 4. Efficacy of the Biometric and Doppler Parameters Including the Combination With the Clinical Parameters in the Prenatal Prediction of lethal LH in the Subset of PROM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-individual-values-from-the-total-study-group-compared-3iw9k5km.png Fig 3. Individual values from the total study group compared with reference ranges (mean, 5th and 95th centiles) for (A) PSV (cm/s) of the proximal arterial pulmonary branch, (B) time-averaged velocity (TAV, cm/s) and (C) end-diastolic velocity (EDV, cm/s) of the middle arterial pulmonary branch relative to gestational age. The solid circles represent group 1, ie, fetuses with lethal LH and the open blocks represent group 2, ie, fetuses with nonlethal and absent LH. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-the-subset-of-prom-and-the-subset-of-15lp6tfa.png TABLE 1. Demographics of the Subset of PROM and the Subset of Bilateral Renal Pathology https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-efficacy-of-the-clinical-parameters-in-the-prenatal-coqbet6b.png TABLE 2. Efficacy of the Clinical Parameters in the Prenatal Prediction of Lethal LH in the Subset of PROM https://scispace.com/papers/prenatal-smoking-cessation-and-infant-health-evidence-from-5aaeuuevdh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-presents-the-baseline-results-for-the-two-birth-3k08ryj9.png Table III presents the baseline results for the two-birth mothers with at least 30 gestation weeks. Column 1 shows the estimates of Equation(1) for the Washington sample. The adverse effects of smoking cessation prior to pregnancy or in the first trimester on birth weight (Upper Panel) and LBW (Lower Panel) are small and statistically insignificant. But late https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-smoking-cessation-and-infant-health-mothers-with-2-2c650td2.png Figure 2: Smoking Cessation and Infant Health (Mothers with 2 or 3 Births, Gestation ≥ 30) https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-smoking-cessation-and-prenatal-smokers-mothers-kb2uhtri.png Table VIII: Smoking Cessation and “Prenatal Smokers”(Mothers with 2 Births in 03-06, Any Gestation) https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-highlights-how-much-treating-the-late-quitters-as-19vlrfu1.png Table VIII: Smoking Cessation and “Prenatal Smokers”(Mothers with 2 Births in 03-06, Any Gestation) https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-summarizes-the-results-when-gestation-is-controlled-xtcimziq.png Table VI summarizes the results when gestation is controlled. The smoking estimates now capture how different cessation statuses affect the fetal growth rate. Again we focus on the results by the mother fixed effects estimation on the pooled sample. Column 6 shows that late cessation is associated with a 56 g decrease on birth weight for gestation and an insignificant 1 percentage point increase on LBW for gestation. Comparing the results with Column 6 of Table V, I find that about 60 percent of the late cessation impact on birth weight operates through fetal growth retardation. Besides, I also examine the sample of onebirth mothers to assess the generalizability of the baseline results from the sibling births. The results not reported here are very similar to Table III. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-smoking-cessation-and-infant-health-mothers-with-1-1sflr40v.png Figure 1: Smoking Cessation and Infant Health (Mothers with 1 to 3 Births, Gestation ≥ 30) https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-and-adsorption-properties-of-magnetic-chitosan-2yp8twgs31 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-adsorption-capacity-of-chitosan-based-355isysj.png Table 2 Comparison of adsorption capacity of chitosan-based adsorbents for Cu2+ https://scispace.com/papers/prenatal-exposure-to-maternal-depression-and-cortisol-5beh7m4y6f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-maternal-salivary-cortisol-levels-at-18y20-24y26-and-3af9yxur.png Fig. 2 Maternal salivary cortisol levels at 18Y20, 24Y26, and 30Y32 weeks_ gestation and 8 weeks_ postpartum. GA = gestational age. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stability-of-cortisol-during-pregnancy-and-1htf0f2w.png TABLE 1 Stability of Cortisol During Pregnancy and Postpartum https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-information-for-the-stai-ces-d-and-pss-1pgifoqq.png TABLE 2 Descriptive Information for the STAI, CES-D, and PSS During Pregnancy and Postpartum https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flowchart-of-study-visits-participants-in-the-present-1bx089ar.png Fig. 1 Flowchart of study visits. Participants in the present study sample (N = 247) were a subset of a larger study of prenatal stress and birth outcome. Thirtythree infants who were born preterm were excluded from this study. GA = gestational age. https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-and-characterisation-of-exfoliated-graphene-for-554dqj1m96 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-contact-resistance-of-two-current-contacts-of-an-iwl3pv4m.png Fig. 3: Contact resistance of two current contacts of an exfoliated graphene sample for electron and hole doping (upper and lower curves respectively). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-broken-contacts-arrows-after-too-fast-cool-down-of-an-2w78zgpr.png Fig. 2: Broken contacts (arrows) after too fast cool down of an exfoliated graphene sample. https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-and-characterization-of-functional-silica-hybrid-36qux4j35t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-zeta-potential-of-shmnps-as-function-of-the-aptes-1t26y5kh.png Fig. 5. Zeta potential of SHMNPs as function of the APTES concentration at fixed pH¼7.5 (in 20 mM of borate buffer). Top: schematic model of the charges present on the surface of the SHMNPs as function of APTES concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-magnetization-mh-curves-of-the-shmnps-synthesized-2aml0cvv.png Fig. 7. (a) Magnetization MH curves of the SHMNPs synthesized with different SPIONs/silica ratios. Inset shows a magnified plot near H¼0. (b) Magnetic susceptibility as a function of the mass ratio of SPIONs/SiO2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-aptes-mass-ratio-dependence-of-the-hydrodynamic-zcbe3oao.png Fig. 4. APTES mass ratio dependence of the hydrodynamic diameter of the SHMNPs as measured by DLS. The error bars represent the width of the population curve. https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-and-characterization-of-a-nanostructured-lipid-312oszomqr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-in-vitro-cytotoxicity-of-dtx-and-dtx-nlc-against-hela-1k2ztth5.png Fig. 5. In vitro cytotoxicity of DTX and DTX-NLC against HeLa cells for 24 h. The cell viability was expressed as the percentage of untreated controls. Data were given as mean ± SD (n=3). *p < 0.05 compared with DTX. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-mean-particle-size-and-pdi-of-nlc-with-different-vdi8dk12.png Fig. 1. The mean particle size and PDI of NLC with different lipids ingredients in the storage of 8 days. Data are given as mean ± SD (n=3) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tem-image-of-blank-nlc-a-and-dtx-nlc-b-1y7yaxjq.png Fig. 2. TEM image of blank NLC (A) and DTX-NLC (B) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-surface-tension-of-f68-el-aqueous-solution-at-1urdoci0.png Table 1 The surface tension of F68/EL aqueous solution at different molar ratio and concentration. Values are mean ± SD (n=3) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-x-ray-diffraction-analysis-of-docetaxel-formulations-x-1a8o35i9.png Fig. 4. X-ray diffraction analysis of docetaxel formulations. X-ray powder diffractograms of DTX (A), freeze-dried unloaded blank NLC (B) and freeze-dried DTX-NLC (C) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-physical-characterization-of-blank-nlc-and-dtx-nlc-21ssilec.png Table 3 Physical characterization of blank NLC and DTX-NLC in day 1 and day 30 after preparation. https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-and-characterization-of-uranium-oxides-in-22tmgbecsq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-11-settled-solids-density-as-a-function-of-1m386xjl.png Figure 4.11. Settled Solids Density as a Function of Conversion from Pure Uraninite (0% Conversion) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3-hydrate-formula-for-metaschoepite-products-r9darmwb.png Table 4.3. Hydrate Formula for Metaschoepite Products https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-absorbance-measurements-of-u-iv-in-na2so4-bearing-1ibx6g1x.png Figure 3.4. Absorbance Measurements of U(IV) in Na2SO4-Bearing H3PO4 at Varying H3PO4 Concentration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-absorbance-measurements-of-u-vi-in-na2so4-bearing-2zgf263j.png Figure 3.3. Absorbance Measurements of U(VI) in Na2SO4-Bearing H3PO4 at Varying H3PO4 Concentration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-8-sem-images-of-50degc-test-materials-magnification-968ewc0m.png Figure 4.8. SEM Images of 50°C Test Materials (magnification of all images on page ~725×) Top left to bottom right: Starting Uraninite, 1/3 Reaction (sample 2), 2/3 Reaction (sample 5), and Near Full Reaction (sample 18) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-oxidation-state-distributions-in-21degc-and-50degc-x4d5hbx1.png Table 5.1. Oxidation State Distributions in 21°C and 50°C Reduction Test Samples as a Function of Time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-uranium-vi-concentrations-in-solids-from-tests-of-1s5ob3k2.png Figure 5.1. Uranium(VI) Concentrations in Solids from Tests of Metaschoepite Reduction by H2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-free-energy-of-formation-calculation-for-the-2igxduhy.png Table 1.1. Free Energy of Formation Calculation for the Reduction of Metaschoepite by Hydrogen Gas to Form Uraninite https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-and-comparison-of-spray-dried-and-electrospun-3200jbk6u4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structures-of-the-used-drug-and-polymers-in-this-3u9acj50.png Figure 1 Structures of the used drug and polymers in this study: PLGA (A); caffeine (B); PLA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-raman-spectra-of-spray-dried-and-electrospun-lbhndgmy.png Figure 3 Raman spectra of spray dried and electrospun caffeine-PLA systems: SD_PLA80 (A); ES_PLA50 (B); SD_PLA50 (C); SD_PLA20 (D); ES_PLA10 (E); SD_PLA10 (F); SD_PLA5 (G); SD_PLA (H) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pm-images-of-electrospun-pla-with-caffeine-loading-jg4d8uo8.png Figure 6 PM images of electrospun PLA with caffeine loading (magnification 100×): ES_PLA50 (A); ES_PLA10 (B) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-dsc-curves-of-original-pla-a-original-caffeine-b-sd-3m850z6w.png Figure 7 DSC curves of original PLA (A); original caffeine (B); SD_PLA50 (C); ES_PLA50 (D); SD_PLA10 (E); ES_PLA10 (F); SD_PLA (G) and ES_PLA (H) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-raman-spectra-of-spray-dried-caffeine-plga-solid-3q7bfys8.png Figure 2 Raman spectra of spray dried caffeine-PLGA solid colloidal dispersion: SD_CAF (A); SD_PLGA80 (B); SD_PLGA60 (C); SD_PLGA50 (D); SD_PLGA40 (E); SD_PLGA30 (F); SD_PLGA25 (G); SD_PLGA20 (H); SD_PLGA10 (I); SD_PLGA5 (J); SD_PLGA (K) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-x-ray-diffractogram-of-spray-dried-and-electrospun-a1gotyso.png Figure 11 X-ray diffractogram of spray dried and electrospun samples: SD_PLA80 (A); SD_PLA50 (B); SD_PLA20 (C); SD_PLA10 (D); SD_PLA5 (E); ES_PLA50 (F); ES_PLA20 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-release-profiles-of-caffeine-loaded-plga-2tsialn0.png Figure 12 Release profiles of caffeine loaded PLGA microspheres https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-diameter-of-electrospun-pla-fibers-prepared-from-25gucqaa.png Table 3 Diameter of electrospun PLA fibers prepared from solutions with different polymer concentrations https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-and-electrochemical-study-of-cerium-silica-sol-3lgp8mruv0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ftir-spectra-of-the-powdered-xerogels-1-2-and-3-after-2hvt8q88.png Fig. 3. FTIR spectra of the powdered xerogels 1, 2 and 3 after heating at 60◦C for 4 days. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-evolution-of-both-ionic-resistance-and-charge-transfer-159rb8e7.png Fig. 8. Evolution of both ionic resistance and charge transfer values with the exposure time to a 0.6 M NaCl solution, for the different Ce3+ containing coatings on zinc substrates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-uv-vis-diffuse-reflectance-spectrum-of-a-zinc-1mhbc256.png Fig. 1. UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrum of a zinc substrate with the coating 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-nyquist-representation-of-the-impedance-data-for-1xuhd58u.png Fig. 6. The Nyquist representation of the impedance data for the different Ce3+ containing coatings on zinc substrates, after 1 day exposure to a 0.6 M NaCl solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-nyquist-representation-of-the-impedance-data-for-6pl9g71w.png Fig. 7. The Nyquist representation of the impedance data for the coating 1 on zinc substrates for different exposure times to a 0.6 M NaCl solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-x-ray-diffractogram-of-the-deposits-formed-after-the-1ih8j3zl.png Fig. 4. X-ray diffractogram of the deposits formed after the corrosion test at the border area on a zinc substrate with the coating 2. https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-and-characterization-of-polystyrene-b-poly-2-4aeb98q8uf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ftir-spectra-of-a-ps-b-p2vp-b-co-c-cr-and-d-au3-gkcvwpum.png Fig. 2. FTIR spectra of (a) PS-b-P2VP, (b) Co, (c) Cr and (d) Au3+ functional PS-b-P2VP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tem-images-of-a-co-ps-b-p2vp-b-3cmilfpb.png Fig. 1. TEM Images of (a) Co-PS-b-P2VP, (b) https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-and-polymeric-encapsulation-of-powder-mineral-1r49dejay5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-effect-of-pellet-addition-on-isothermal-23oc-power-22ecd54u.png Figure 10: Effect of pellet addition on isothermal (23oC) power and energy production of mortar mixes: (a) coated and uncoated PP_MB and (b) coated and uncoated PP_SM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-samples-of-different-types-of-pp-and-cp-pellets-1c2csbb0.png Figure 2: Samples of different types of PP and CP pellets categorised according to the size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cross-section-scanning-electron-microscope-sem-of-vcxcy9hh.png Figure 6: Cross-section scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the film-coated pellets: (a) PVA coating for individual pellet, and (b) Coated pellet inside concrete matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-and-physical-properties-of-the-pellet-2q29vn3e.png Table 1: Chemical and physical properties of the pellet materials as provided by the suppliers https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chemical-composition-of-cement-as-provided-by-the-3w2idpjv.png Table 2: Chemical composition of cement as provided by the manufacturer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-characteristic-disc-sections-showing-the-11x10blq.png Figure 12: Characteristic disc sections showing the distribution of pellets inside the mortar specimens: (a) PP_MB pellets, and (b) CP_M1 pellets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-sem-images-of-pp-mb-pellet-in-the-cementitious-1p77ca8a.png Figure 13: SEM images of PP_MB pellet in the cementitious matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-average-crushing-strength-values-of-different-types-1m47uewd.png Figure 7: Average crushing strength values of different types of pellets compared to sand https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-of-cationized-albumin-nanoparticles-loaded-1gqm7q45by 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-release-profile-of-indirubin-from-chsa-7s9o1yub.png Figure 5: The release profile of indirubin from CHSA nanoparticle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ief-strip-of-chsa-nanoparticles-and-ief-marker-2qclukzz.png Figure 3: IEF strip of CHSA nanoparticles and IEF Marker. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-standard-curve-of-indirubin-dmso-solution-vh6vy5oa.png Figure 6: Standard curve of indirubin-DMSO Solution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-b-scanning-electron-microscopy-sem-picture-of-2g3jvnbd.png Figure 1: (a,b) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) picture of indirubin loaded CHSA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-particle-size-distribution-histogram-indicating-2cgbhwh8.png Figure 2: Particle size distribution histogram indicating expected particle size diameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-increased-solubility-of-the-drug-in-an-aqueous-1xjb7zsa.png Figure 7: Increased solubility of the drug in an aqueous medium in nanoparticle form https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-characterization-and-sludge-conditioning-of-554w3ctsj9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shows-the-1h-nmr-spectra-of-np-pam-and-pdac-several-3o6ufr37.png Figure 3 shows the 1H NMR spectra of NP, PAM, and PDAC. Several similarities were 197 observed among NP, PAM, and PDAC, although the differences cannot be ignored. The 198 asymmetric peaks of NP at δ = 1.64 ppm and sharp peak at δ=2.21 ppm were due to the protons at 199 the backbone of methylene and methine groups-CH2-(a) and -CH-(b), respectively. However, the 200 protons in the structures of Figure 3(2) shifted to δ = 1.63 ppm and δ = 2.18 ppm, whereas the triplet 201 and asymmetric peaks of -CH2-(a) and -CH-(b) in Figure 3(3) shifted to δ = 1.89 ppm and δ = 2.54 202 ppm, respectively. The sharp peak at δ = 3.21 ppm in Figure 3(1) was assigned to the protons of -N+-203 (CH3)3 (c) and was displayed at δ = 3.30 ppm in Figure 3(3). The peak of NP at approximately δ=3.74 204 ppm was assigned to the protons of -CH2-N+-(d), whereas it shifted to δ=3.89 ppm in PDAC. The 205 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-waste-sludge-characteristics-113-1ji3i7xh.png Table 1 Waste Sludge Characteristics 113 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-np-and-sp-characteristics-at-optimum-condition-381-5jtg399q.png Table 2 NP and SP characteristics at optimum condition 381 https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-for-old-age-in-france-the-roles-of-preferences-3gvcpyj9to 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-using-alternative-measures-of-preferences-3uxyftud.png Table 3. Results using alternative measures of preferences https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-3ogok802.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-of-cationized-polysaccharides-as-gene-2gboiifybp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fluorescence-histogram-of-mscs-1-day-after-non-3h6me288.png Figure 4. Fluorescence histogram of MSCs 1 day after non-transfection (a) or transfection with free FITC-labeled plasmid DNA (b) or the complex of Lipofectamine 2000® (c) or spermine derivatives of pullulan (d), dextran (e) and mannan (f). The amount of plasmid DNA applied is 2.5 µg/well and the N/P ratio is 3.0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-effect-of-different-polysaccharides-for-the-2ah56b7i.png Figure 3. The effect of different polysaccharides for the introduction of luciferase plasmid DNA complex in MSCs. The amount of plasmid DNA applied is 2.5 µg/well and the N/P ratio is 3.0. ∗P < 0.05 versus the expression level of complexes prepared by other spermine–polysaccharides. †P < 0.05 versus the expression level of complexes prepared by Lipofectamine 2000®. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effect-of-endocytosis-inhibitors-on-the-level-of-3oj97ph2.png Figure 7. Effect of endocytosis inhibitors on the level of luciferase expression of spermine–pullulan–plasmid DNA complexes prepared at the N/P ratio of 3.0 for MSCs. Cells were pretreated with chloropromazine (PC) or methyl-β-cyclodextrin (PM) (solid columns) or without (open column, P) endocytosis inhibitors before gene transfection. The plasmid DNA amount is 2.5 µg. The molecular weight of pullulan used for spermine introduction is 47.3× 103. ∗P < 0.05 versus the expression level of cells transfected with the addition of endocytosis inhibitors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-course-of-the-turbidity-change-of-spermine-3vl60tvt.png Figure 2. Time-course of the turbidity change of spermine–polysaccharide–plasmid DNA complexes prepared at a N/P ratio of 3 after addition of RCA 120. Galactose was added 40 min after RCA 120 addition (indicated by an arrow). The type of polysaccharide used for spermine introduction is pullulan (!), dextran (") and mannan (Q). The [CDI]/[OH] ratio of spermine–polysacccharide used for cationization is 1.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-the-pullulan-molecular-weight-a-and-the-3tl36thm.png Figure 6. Effect of the pullulan molecular weight (a) and the extents of spermine introduced to pullulan at the corresponding molecular weight (b) on the luciferase expression of spermine–pullulan–plasmid DNA complexes for MSCs. The amount of plasmid DNA applied is 2.5 µg and the N/P ratio is 3.0. ∗P < 0.05 versus the expression level of complexes prepared by other spermine–pullulans. †P < 0.05 versus the expression level of complexes prepared by other spermine derivatives of pullulan at the corresponding molecular weight. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-confocal-laser-microscopic-images-of-mscs-1-day-3enr3v3o.png Figure 5. Confocal laser microscopic images of MSCs 1 day after transfection with GFP plasmid DNA complex of spermine derivatives of pullulan (a), dextran (b) and mannan (c). The plasmid DNA was labeled with Cy5. The amount of plasmid DNA used for transfection is 2.5 µg. The N/P ratio of spermine–polysaccharide–plasmid DNA complex is 3.0. The red, green and blue points indicate the plasmid DNA, GFP expressed and cell nucleus, respectively. This figure is published in the online edition of this journal, that can be accessed via http://www.brill.nl/jbs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-continued-23nmkok1.png Figure 4. Fluorescence histogram of MSCs 1 day after non-transfection (a) or transfection with free FITC-labeled plasmid DNA (b) or the complex of Lipofectamine 2000® (c) or spermine derivatives of pullulan (d), dextran (e) and mannan (f). The amount of plasmid DNA applied is 2.5 µg/well and the N/P ratio is 3.0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-agarose-gel-electrophoresis-of-spermine-2y3pnstz.png Figure 1. Agarose gel electrophoresis of spermine–polysaccharide–plasmid DNA complexes prepared at a N/P ratio of 3.0. Shown are DNA marker (a), free plasmid DNA (b) or the complexes of plasmid DNA and spermine derivatives of pullulan (c), dextran (d) and mannan (e). The [CDI]/[OH] ratio of spermine–polysacccharide used for cationization is 1.5. https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-of-cycloaliphatic-epoxy-hybrids-with-non-4zxt4p1bb7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-glass-transition-temperature-tg-maximum-tan-d-tan-1iwk4no2.png Table 2 Glass transition temperature (Tg), maximum tan d (tan dmax) and halfwidth of tan d (w) for ECC/PAMS systems https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ftnir-spectrum-of-ecc-pams-stoichiometric-initial-3q2pm0a8.png Fig. 1 FTnIR spectrum of ECC/PAMS stoichiometric initial mixture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-primary-amine-conversion-versus-time-for-ecc-pams-with-3mcc3w6m.png Fig. 2 Primary amine conversion versus time for ECC/PAMS with and without accelerant and ECC/mXDA at 120 C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-confocal-images-of-the-ecc-pams-systems-immediately-32jqnavz.png Fig. 6 Confocal images of the ECC/PAMS systems immediately after mixing (initial) and after curing; a without dodecylphenol, b with dodecylphenol and accelerant. Image size was 250 9 250 lm https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-structures-of-the-epoxy-compound-and-2jf4bkvw.png Table 1 Chemical structures of the epoxy compound and polyamine hardener https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tan-d-as-a-function-of-temperature-for-ecc-pams-cured-290i1fbh.png Fig. 4 Tan d as a function of temperature for ECC/PAMS cured samples: at 120 C (dots) with accelerant and plasticizer (dashes) and with accelerant only (continuous line) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-storage-e0-and-loss-e0-0-moduli-as-a-function-of-390yzjcd.png Fig. 5 Storage (E0) and loss (E0 0) moduli as a function of temperature at 1 Hz for neat ECC/PAMS system (continuous line) and with 20% dodecylphenol as plasticizer (dash) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-evolution-of-the-primary-and-secondary-combination-17q82582.png Fig. 3 Evolution of the primary and secondary combination band at 6530 cm-1 versus reaction time. Effect of nonisothermal curing protocol for ECC/PAMS (a) and influence of 1% accelerator and 20% dodecylphenol (b) https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-of-e-coli-rna-polymerase-transcription-1os11um2al 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-one-pot-s70-promoter-barcoding-a-overview-of-the-3kz96kgh.png Figure 2. One-pot s70 promoter barcoding. (A) Overview of the PRA1 promoter. Tm for each fragment and the barcode oligo hybridization site were calculated using the Integrated DNA Technologies OligoAnalyzer Tool with the settings: Oligo conc. = 0.05 µM, Na+ conc.= 50 mM, Mg++ conc. = 10 mM, dNTPs conc. = 0 mM. (B) Overview of the PRA1 barcoding procedure. dU nucleotides are excised so that a barcoding oligo can be annealed and ligated to the DNA template. The DNA template is immobilized on streptavidin beads so that excess barcoding oligo can be removed before primer extension to fill the 5’ overhang. (C) Proof-of-principle for PRA1 barcoding using a 5’ biotinylated DNA. (D) Validation of PRA1 barcoding with an internal biotin-TEGmodified DNA template through the DNA immobilization step. (E) Comparison of DNA polymerases for filling a 5’ overhang on an internal biotin-TEG-modified DNA template. (F) Native PAGE comparing input DNA to barcoded DNA. All gels are representative of two independent replicates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-selective-elution-of-roadblocked-tecs-from-2k10aa0d.png Figure 3. Selective elution of roadblocked TECs from streptavidin beads. (A) EMSA of open complexes formed with 5 nM DNA template and variable concentrations of E. coli RNAP. (B) Fractionation of internal biotin-TEG-modified DNA template following transcription with variable concentrations of E. coli RNAP in the presence and absence of NTPs. P = Pellet, S = Supernatant. The solid vertical line between 0.032 and 0.024 U/µl samples indicates a gel splice. (C) Overview of a strategy for purification of TECs. If RNAP fails to escape the promoter, DNA is attached to streptavidin beads by both PC biotin and internal biotin-TEG. If RNAP escapes the promoter, internal biotin-TEG is sequestered by a TEC, so that DNA is only attached to streptavidin beads by PC biotin. TECs can therefore be selectively photo-eluted by 365 nm UV. (D) Proof-ofprinciple of the TEC purification procedure shown in (C). S1 is the supernatant after bead binding, W is the supernatant after a wash step to remove transcription reaction components, P is the pellet, and S2 is the supernatant following photo-elution. The experiment in (A) was performed once to set conditions for (B) and (D). The gels in (B) and (D) are representative of two independent replicates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-usera-footprinting-to-assess-promoter-accessibility-fimxj2uv.png Figure 5. USERâ footprinting to assess promoter accessibility. (A) Structure of Thermus aquaticus open promoter complex (PDB:4XLN) (50) annotated to indicate the position of PRA1 dU bases relative to direct contacts between s and promoter DNA. (B) USERâ footprinting assay to assess PRA1 promoter accessibility. Saturation of the PRA1 promoter with open complexes (conditions from Figure 3A) attenuates USERâ digestion. TECs prepared under conditions that predominantly yield slow-migrating complexes (Figure 4B, lane 2) inhibit USERâ digestion, indicating promoter occupation by open complexes. TECs prepared under conditions that yield >97% fast-migrating complexes (Figure 4B, lane 6) are efficiently digested, indicating the absence of open complexes. (C) Quantification USERâ digestion for key lanes from (B) as the ratio of USERâ digested to full length band intensity. The gel in (B) is representative of two independent replicates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-optimization-of-tec-purification-a-emsa-of-open-s4s05003.png Figure 4. Optimization of TEC purification. (A) EMSA of open complexes formed with 10 nM DNA template and variable concentrations of E. coli RNAP. (B) EMSA of TECs purified with variable DNA template, RNAP, and competitor DNA template concentrations. The assay shown in Figure 5 revealed the slow-migrating band to be TECs with an associated open promoter complex, and the fast-migrating band to be pure TECs. Independent TEC preparations using the 0.016 U/µl RNAP, 10 nM target DNA, and 15 nM competitor DNA condition from lane 6 are shown in Figures S2, S3A, and S3B. (C) EMSA of sequentially formed of open complexes with Cy3-labelled target and Cy5-labelled competitor DNA. (D) Denaturing PAGE of purification fractions for TECs prepared using the conditions in (B) lane 6. S1 is the supernatant after bead binding, W is the supernatant after a wash step to remove transcription reaction components, P is the pellet, and S2 is the supernatant following photo-elution. The experiment in (A) was performed once to set conditions for (B), (C), and (D). The gels in (B), (C), and (D) are representative of two independent replicates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-layout-of-chemically-modified-constant-regions-used-2sn3t4z7.png Figure 1. Layout of chemically modified constant regions used in TEC Display. TEC Display uses two chemically modified constant DNA sequences for integrated TEC purification and DNA barcoding procedures. An internal biotin-TEG modification, which functions as an E. coli RNAP stall site and an attachment point during TEC purification and DNA barcoding, is introduced by the dRP1iBio.R primer. Thermostabilityenhancing 2-amino-dATP and 5-propynyl-dCTP nucleotides are added to the non-transcribed DNA strand downstream of the internal biotin-TEG modification during the translesion synthesis step of DNA template preparation to stabilize this 29 bp region. The PRA1_2dU_PCbio.F primer introduces a 5’ PC biotin modification for reversible DNA immobilization during TEC purification along with two dU nucleotides that are excisable to facilitate DNA barcoding. Oligonucleotide sequences, including information about required purifications, are available in Table S1. https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-of-cuo-sba-15-catalyst-by-the-modified-ammonia-1nyf1a61l5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relative-tpr-peak-area-of-the-prepared-catalyst-with-15zdszr1.png Table 4: Relative TPR peak area of the prepared catalyst with different Cu2+/NH3 molar ratio after calcination at 550 °C and after thermal treatment of 700 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-activity-test-catalysts-light-off-temperature-t50-9y0vpoxp.png Table 5: Activity test: catalysts' light-off temperature (T50) and maximum conversion of each component. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-the-reaction-gas-mixture-in-1qkxnd6l.png Table 1: Composition of the reaction gas mixture in stoichiometric condition, N2 was used as balance gas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-physicochemical-properties-of-sba-15-and-cuo-sba-15-2rwtxj7b.png Table 2: Physicochemical properties of SBA-15 and CuO/SBA-15 prepared with WI method and ADP method with different Cu2+/NH3 molar ratio after calcination at 550 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-xps-analysis-of-cuo-sba-15-catalyst-prepared-with-270foebx.png Table 3: XPS analysis of CuO/SBA-15 catalyst prepared with different Cu2+/NH3 molar ratio after calcination at 550 °C and after thermal treatment of 700 °C. https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-of-small-well-characterized-plutonium-oxide-2w50oq3hrf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-ratio-of-the-reference-value-for-plutonium-mass-2p8r6ats.png Figure 7. The ratio of the reference value for plutonium mass of each of 12 pure plutonium metal standards to the calorimetry result for plutonium mass is plotted vs. the reference value. The relative standard deviation of 0.10% matches the calorimetry accuracy, indicating that other contributions to the uncertainty in the plutonium mass (analytical chemistry uncertainty, sampling effects, contaminants) are smaller than 0.1%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-drawing-of-the-stainless-steel-container-for-the-2luec0a3.png Figure 5. Drawing of the stainless steel container for the oxide standards. Three different retaining- cylinder heights accommodate the thickness of the three nominal PuO2 masses (Table III). Welds are indicated for inner and outer cans. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-photograph-of-stainless-steel-capsule-parts-the-2q718kux.png Figure 6. Photograph of stainless steel capsule parts. The “inner can” is at the right. Its “ lid” is one of the three “retaining cylinders” (center). The “outer can” and its “centering ring” and” lid” (top to bottom) are at the left. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-free-energies-of-oxide-formation-per-mole-of-o2-sizndx3m.png Figure 3. The free energies of oxide formation per mole of O2 are plotted vs. absolute temperature for plutonium (green), uranium (blue) and materials, such as MgO and CaO (red), commonly involved in actinide processing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-measured-impurities-spontaneously-fissioning-l7tsg0q1.png Table V. Measured impurities: spontaneously fissioning isotopes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-furnace-for-casting-plutonium-metal-into-an-ingot-cyk9uqow.png Figure 2. Furnace for casting plutonium metal into an ingot is pictured during operation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-measured-impuritiesa-moisture-and-elements-that-1dl9392h.png Table VI. Measured impuritiesa: moisture and elements that produce (α,n) neutrons https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-electrorefining-cell-showing-the-2i2i258n.png Figure 1. Schematic of electrorefining cell showing the electrodes, electrolyte (molten salt), impure plutonium metal (anode), and purified plutonium metal product. A mechanical stirrer at the center of the cell spans its vertical length. https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-of-nanoclay-embedded-polymeric-membranes-for-the-1yvo2iqgqr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-afm-surface-images-of-commercial-membranes-618-619-5wkdy2mw.png Fig. 11. AFM surface images of commercial membranes 618 619 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-afm-surface-images-of-in-house-membranes-614-615-2y2i10yj.png Fig. 10. AFM surface images of in-house membranes 614 615 https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-physical-chemical-characterisation-and-42vkzty8tx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calcium-carbonate-cements-initial-compositions-2jsk5t4c.png Table 1: Calcium carbonate cements: initial compositions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-setting-time-and-compressive-strength-of-two-calcium-kooqk7dz.png Table 3 : Setting time and compressive strength of two calcium carbonate cement compositions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sem-micrographs-of-the-acc2-v-cement-fragments-1npgqc4k.png Figure 4: SEM micrographs of the (ACC2+V) cement fragments during setting and hardening. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proportion-of-aragonite-w-w-determined-from-ftir-yjh31j4a.png Table 2: Proportion of aragonite (w/w) determined from FTIR spectroscopy data (calibration curve in figure 3b) of the (ACC2+V) cement during setting and hardening. https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-thermal-spectral-and-microscopic-studies-of-2idosjfmi4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-most-important-ftir-spectral-data-4000-400-cm-1-2lgik1cc.png Table 4 The most important FTIR spectral data (4000–400 cm–1) of C–S–H, PAA and C–S–HPN materials https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tg-curves-of-c-s-h-paa-and-c-s-hpn-materials-with-qwtcv2ml.png Fig. 3 TG curves of C–S–H, PAA and C–S–HPN materials with different polymer contents https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-micrographs-of-synthetic-c-s-h-91lu388q.png Fig. 1 SEM micrographs of synthetic C–S–H https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-xrf-results-of-c-s-h-and-c-s-hpn-materials-ca-si-0-3qpqsz03.png Table 2 XRF results of C–S–H and C–S–HPN materials (Ca/Si=0.70) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-eds-results-of-a-c-s-hpn-material-c-s-h-paa-0-7-0-3-2dw9ndsm.png Table 3 EDS results of a C–S–HPN material (C–S–H–PAA (0.7–0.3)) on various zones https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-micrographs-of-intercalated-c-s-hpn-material-c-s-h-1amtv2fi.png Fig. 2 SEM micrographs of intercalated C–S–HPN material (C–S–H–PAA (0.7–0.15)) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dsc-curves-of-c-s-h-paa-and-c-s-hpn-materials-with-2qayy8d1.png Fig. 4 DSC curves of C–S–H, PAA and C–S–HPN materials with different polymer contents https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-thermal-analysis-data-for-c-s-h-paa-and-c-1iqmfknf.png Table 5 Summary of thermal analysis data for C–S–H, PAA and C–S–HPN materials https://scispace.com/papers/prepare-presurgery-physiotherapy-for-patients-with-369ri12toq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-somewhere-here-15-16-in-the-physiotherapy-group-3n80henn.png Table 4 somewhere here 15 16 In the physiotherapy-group there was a larger amount that reported higher physical activity after 17 the pre-surgery intervention than in the waiting-list group (P < 0.001) with a large Cramer´s V 18 effect size of 0.391[25]. The difference between the groups remained at 1-year follow-up (P = 19 0.020), with a large Cramer´s V effect size of 0.26 [25]. 20 21 The physiotherapy-group had a larger amount reporting improvements than the waiting-list 22 group in PGIC at the time point after the pre-surgery intervention (prior to surgery) (P < 0.001). 23 In the physiotherapy-group, 49% reported, “improved”, compared to 17% in the waiting-list-24 group. Thirteen percent reported “worse” in the physiotherapy-group compared to 42% in the 25 waiting-list group (Fig. 2). There were no differences between the groups at 3 months- and at 1-26 year follow-up. 27 https://scispace.com/papers/prepared-for-practice-and-equipped-for-employment-what-do-33kciuilk4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-categories-defined-from-analysis-of-the-free-text-3q7afymq.png Table 2: Categories defined from analysis of the free text related to FD attributes https://scispace.com/papers/preparing-the-scientific-basis-for-an-all-metal-iter-1er95kem3x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effective-tungsten-sputtering-yields-for-different-37k0huou.png Figure 2. Effective tungsten sputtering yields for different impurity species versus plasma temperature, assuming Eimpact = 3ZT + 2T. The yields are calculated by multiplying the sputter yield of an impurity species with its (assumed) concentration and the charge state given in the insert. The triangle indicates the effective erosion yield measured in AUG at Te ≈ 10 eV resulting from intrinsic impurities and the bar gives the typical variation observed for different discharges [36]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-w-influx-and-w-concentration-in-asdex-upgrade-1mqcsde3.png Figure 3. W influx and W concentration in ASDEX Upgrade during discharge #23476. The two top graphs present the heating power (PNBI , PICRH ) and total radiation (Prad) as well as the line averaged density (ne) and the stored energy (Wmhd) of the plasma. The third graph highlights the W influx (ΓW ) from the limiters and the divertor and the bottom insert shows the deduced W concentration (cW ) at the plasma edge and the centre. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-divertor-w-influx-and-w-concentration-in-asdex-109tlamg.png Figure 5. Divertor W influx and W concentration in ASDEX Upgrade during an ELMmitigated H-Mode (#26081) with the use of magnetic perturbation (MP) coils. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-extrapolated-number-of-discharges-duration-400-s-2nb5bar4.png Figure 1. Extrapolated number of discharges (duration 400 s) allowed before reaching the safety limits due to erosion, dust generation and tritium inventory for four material options in ITER under steady state loading conditions [17]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effect-of-n2-seeding-on-the-confinement-and-the-elm-32uyr24j.png Figure 7. Effect of N2 seeding on the confinement and the ELM power deposition in JET discharges with different D puffing rate. The value < PELM > / < Pin > denotes the ratio of the average power onto the outboard target over 10 largest ELMs over the averaged injected power during the time interval under consideration. The discharges were performed at Bt = 2.7 T, Ip = 2.5 MA and an auxiliary heating power in the range 14 - 17 MW (figure adapted from [125]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-measured-deuterium-co-deposition-with-carbon-3ft8wl1h.png Figure 4. Measured deuterium co-deposition with carbon, beryllium and tungsten versus deposition temperature [17]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-view-into-the-interior-of-jet-with-all-be-and-w-1f3oei1d.png Figure 6. View into the interior of JET with all Be and W PFCs at the end of shut down in May 2011. https://scispace.com/papers/preparing-arrays-of-large-atomically-flat-regions-on-single-4msj3u76am 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-time-sequence-of-leem-images-of-50-ml-thick-islands-hchbl9ij.png Figure 7. Time sequence of LEEM images of 50 ML thick islands of Ag on top of a continuous 26 ML thick film of Co (white) on Cu(100). The sequence shows how, during annealing at 450 ◦C, lateral size of the islands increases by Oswald ripening: (a) initial film (see text), (b) 17 min (c) 40 min, and (d) 73 min annealing time. The top facets of all the islands remain flat at all times. Line-patterns seen in the images of islands correspond to the step structure at the Ag/Co interface. Panel (c) of figure 5 shows the surface after the sputter-etching and annealing processes, when the island shapes have been transferred into the clean Fe(100) surface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-leem-images-field-of-view-5-mm-of-a-w-110-b-ru-0001-2spbkuf1.png Figure 1. LEEM images (field of view 5 μm) of (a) W(110), (b) Ru(0001), (c) Cu(100), and (d) Fe(100) single crystal substrates. The thin lines are single atomic steps. The step densities observed in these images are typical for well-prepared low-index substrate surfaces. Note that in (a) a relatively large atomically flat region was found serendipitously. The atomically flat W(110) region is surrounded by regions with particularly high density of steps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-of-a-3d-hetero-epitaxial-island-during-6ekyo8ow.png Figure 2. Schematic of a 3D hetero-epitaxial island during annealing, showing that the tendency of the island to dewet the substrate will move steps off the top of the island. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cross-sectional-schematic-illustrating-the-2gr9hunr.png Figure 3. Cross-sectional schematic illustrating the flattening process. The vertical scale is exaggerated for clarity. (a) Low-index surface of a well-prepared single crystal, representing typical surfaces as shown in figure 1. (b) Growth of overlayer material in Stranski–Krastanov mode; the film material forms 3D islands on top of a thin wetting layer. The top facets of the islands have formed step-free low-index surfaces. (c) After a uniform sputter-etching of the surface, all the overlayer material and part of the substrate material is removed. As a result, the shapes of the overlayer islands were transferred into the substrate surface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-leem-images-field-of-view-5-mm-of-60-ml-thick-2pb2oaxl.png Figure 4. LEEM images (field of view 5 μm) of 60 ML thick islands (dark gray) of Co on W(110). Between the islands, the surface is covered with 2 ML of Co (wetting layer). (a) and (b) shows two different regions of the surface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-leem-images-field-of-view-5-mm-of-clean-w-110-a-ru-280b71ec.png Figure 5. LEEM images (field of view 5 μm) of clean W(110) (a), Ru(0001) (b), and Cu(100) (c) surfaces after completion of the processing described in this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-liquid-bi-islands-black-on-an-fe-100-surface-2dn0tmut.png Figure 6. (a) Liquid Bi islands (black) on an Fe(100) surface (field of view 5 μm). (b) Clean Fe(100) surface after quenching the Bi, removing the Bi by sputter-etching, and annealing the clean Fe(100). The shapes of the Bi islands have been transferred into the Fe(100) surface. (Size: 2.6 μm × 3 μm.) https://scispace.com/papers/prepayment-behavior-of-dutch-mortgagors-an-empirical-4ftq5rei9s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimation-results-standard-errors-in-parentheses-a-3mzssln3.png Table 5: Estimation results (standard errors in parentheses)a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-distribution-of-marginal-tax-rate-1xto08l8.png Figure 13: distribution of marginal tax rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-dutch-mortgage-market-32nechne.png Table 1: Overview Dutch mortgage market https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-in-sample-performance-of-the-model-incl-burnout-bjkm7ub8.png Figure 10: In-sample performance of the model incl. burnout for savings mortgages https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-in-sample-performance-of-the-model-excl-burnout-for-1rusv6vf.png Figure 9: In-sample performance of the model excl. burnout for savings mortgages https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relationship-between-the-cpr-and-the-age-of-the-wuk9ucnf.png Figure 1: relationship between the CPR and the age of the mortgage (time) Figure 2: relationship between the CPR and the month of the year https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationship-between-the-cpr-and-the-refinance-1kyibt08.png Figure 3: relationship between the CPR and the refinance incentive Figure 4: relationship between the CPR and the age of the mortgagor https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-definition-of-variables-and-summary-statistics-3n3f2pip.png Table 4: Definition of Variables and Summary Statistics Savings mortgages Interest-only mortgages Variable Definition # obs Mean # obs Mean Age Age of the mortgage in https://scispace.com/papers/prepositional-inanimates-in-dutch-a-paradigmatic-case-of-drjibmsmf9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-some-dom-verbs-and-their-prepositions-2v0m9r00.png Table 1: Some DOM verbs and their prepositions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-paradigmatic-selection-in-dutch-dom-2fmych0g.png Table 3: Paradigmatic selection in Dutch DOM https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dutch-dom-verbs-with-their-english-translations-and-1yx22pjp.png Table 2: Dutch DOM verbs with their English translations and verb class (the number between brackets refers to Levin’s (1993) verb class). https://scispace.com/papers/preschool-children-and-behaviour-problems-a-prospective-4r41d13rka 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-provides-a-logistic-regression-of-those-factors-3dr1489n.png Table 7 provides a logistic regression of those factors taken from the earlier analyses, https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-illustrates-the-relationship-between-marital-quality-1k6f5xub.png Table 4 illustrates the relationship between marital quality, maternal mental health and child behaviour problems. The unadjusted means suggest that all indicators of maternal mental health are related to rates of toddler troublesome behaviour. These indicators of maternal mental health are inter-correlated. The multivariate analysis (adjusted means) indicates that dyadic adjustment, maternal stress and maternal anxiety are the best independent predictors of child behaviour problems. Mental health problems experienced by the mother over the first three phases of the study (first prenatal visit, 3–5 days and 6 months after the birth) are not significantly associated with subsequent behaviour problems after adjustment for mental health at the 5-year follow-up. Clearly indicators of concurrent mental health are the best predictors of child behaviour problems when the child is 2–4 years of age. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-illustrates-the-association-between-the-extent-to-2q2l5dwu.png Table 5 illustrates the association between the extent to which the mother states she wants https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-presents-a-composite-model-of-risk-the-seven-2vao0iyf.png Table 8 presents a composite model of risk. The seven independent risk factors from Table 7 https://scispace.com/papers/preprint-toward-a-global-and-reproducible-science-for-brain-3m0ho8jxe3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-enigma-consortium-and-the-brain-injury-working-1es2tz4a.png Fig. 1 The ENIGMA consortium and the Brain Injury working group. Organization and current geographical representation in the ENIGMA consortium and the ENIGMA Brain Injury working group. Adapted from Thompson et al., 2020 and Wilde et al. 2019 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-goals-of-enigma-amstbi-schematic-presentation-of-the-2xjdhtou.png Fig. 2 Goals of ENIGMA AMSTBI. Schematic presentation of the short, intermediate and longterm goals of the ENIGMA AMS-TBI working group https://scispace.com/papers/preschoolers-fast-map-and-retain-artifact-functions-as-38d3ll72u4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-experiment-2-comprehension-accuracy-for-actions-34yb0fy8.png Figure 3. Experiment 2 - Comprehension accuracy for actions, functions and words, following a single incidental exposure, after one week. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stimuli-and-materials-tjmiqqd8.png Figure 1. Stimuli and Materials https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-experiment-3-comprehension-and-production-accuracy-2j4pcun8.png Figure 4. Experiment 3 - Comprehension and production accuracy for actions and words, following two incidental exposures, immediately and after one week. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experiment-1-comprehension-accuracy-for-actions-7xautf83.png Figure 2. Experiment 1 - Comprehension accuracy for actions, functions and words, following two incidental exposures, immediately and after one week. https://scispace.com/papers/prescriptions-hors-amm-comment-en-pratique-les-identifier-majbyn7mbe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-circuit-propose-de-rtu-et-ru-amm-autorisation-de-mise-2gewdpqu.png Fig. 1. Circuit proposé de RTU et RU. AMM : autorisation de mise sur le marché ; GIP : groupement d’intérêt public GIP dation d’utilisation. https://scispace.com/papers/presence-and-severity-of-lower-urinary-tract-symptoms-are-22di8hxiak 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-patients-features-according-to-prostate-biopsy-7hehr865.png Table II.—Patients features according to prostate biopsy diagnosis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-logistic-model-assessing-clinical-and-pathological-2a62j2ip.png Table IV.—Logistic model assessing clinical and pathological variables predictive of prostate cancer on prostate biopsy. IPSS analyzed as symptom index gravity. https://scispace.com/papers/presence-of-an-eml4-alk-gene-fusion-detected-by-microfluidic-2wil1987w4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-detection-of-the-fusion-product-among-the-wt-one-a-371wy3iw.png Fig. 6 Detection of the fusion product among the WT one: a) Images for the detection of both the 417  fusion and WT sequences at a 99:10 wildtype:fusion PCR product mixture. b) Signal intensity 418  graph shows ability to detect and differentiate between fusion and WT PCR product mixtures of 419  fusion:wildtype ratios of 75:25, 90:10, and 99:1 (error bars are standard deviation of 3 420  measurements) 421 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-scheme-of-the-hybridization-experiments-one-pdms-33mygms5.png Fig. 1 Flow scheme of the hybridization experiments. One PDMS slab consisting of 388  microchannels with wells on either ends of them. The slab is sealed with a glass slide and then 389  solutions are injected into the channels. As the solution rests inside the capillaries, it interacts 390  with the glass slide. Samples containing the target sequences are injected into the channels and 391  allowed to interact and immobilize to the glass slide. Removal of the slab allowed the covalently-392  immobilized target sequences on the glass slides to be exposed for subsequent reaction (red 393  lines). Another PDMS slab is sealed perpendicular to the immobilized target sequences on the 394  glass slide. Biotin-labelled probe solutions (green) are injected into the channels and allows to 395  hybridize with the immobilized target strands (red). The dots show fluorescent signals which 396  indicates the sites of successful hybridization. 397 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-use-of-alk-probe-2-enhanced-hybridization-intensity-a-2noh42us.png Fig. 3 Use of ALK probe 2 enhanced hybridization intensity: a) ALK probe 2 with G clamps on 403  either end binds better to the oligomers. b) Hybridization intensity of ALK probe 2 is greater 404  than that of ALK probe 1 (error bars show standard deviation of 3 measurements) 405 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dna-sequences-for-target-strands-primers-and-probes-3e83zw17.png Table 1. DNA Sequences for target strands, primers, and probes. Red represents the portions 378  of the ALK gene in the fusion and the wildtype ALK (WT) strand; blue represents portions of 379  the EML4 gene in the fusion strand 380 https://scispace.com/papers/presence-of-asian-house-gecko-hemidactylus-frenatus-across-2gjlle9v12 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-asian-house-gecko-can-be-white-to-very-dark-1ahb98lt.png Figure 1. The Asian House Gecko can be white to very dark brown and vary from no distinguishing patterns, to mottled with light and dark flecks. A notable characteristic is the severely reduced digit present in the 3-4 position of the front foot and in the 4-5 position of the hind foot; this digit also lacks the deep cleft that divides the broad subdigital lamellae of all the other digits (Greer 1989, Wilson and Swan 2003). This species is well-known for its calls, the most common being the multiple chirp call, or ‘chuck chuck chuck’ (Marcellini 1977). (Photograph by Brock Newbery) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-robust-velvet-gecko-is-significantly-larger-and-14qz130v.png Figure 3. The Robust Velvet Gecko is significantly larger and more robust in build than the Asian House Gecko and has a relatively long and broader tail. Note the dark brown to black longitudinal markings and small cluster of postanal tubercles (Wilson and Swan 2003). (Photograph by Steve Wilson). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-dubious-dtella-is-often-similar-in-size-and-13c0fos3.png Figure 2. The Dubious Dtella is often similar in size and build to the Asian House Gecko in size and colouring but lacks the blunt transverse tubercules present on the original and on the base of regenerated Asian House Gecko tails (Wilson and Swan 2003). (Photograph by Steve Wilson) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relationship-between-the-number-of-asian-house-hl4nuzp2.png Figure 6. Relationship between the number of Asian House Geckos detected at differing external light levels, with line of best fit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mean-number-of-each-order-present-in-stomach-27kbi9ld.png Figure 7. Mean number of each Order present in stomach content of Asian house geckos across all samples (n = 40) (bars with different letters were significantly different). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-numbers-se-of-asian-house-geckos-solid-and-1oms0s4e.png Figure 4. Mean numbers (± SE) of Asian House Geckos (solid) and native house geckos (open) for habitat categories (significant differences indicated by different letters). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relationship-between-the-number-of-native-house-1btxsxt7.png Figure 5. Relationship between the number of native house geckos detected and levels of vegetation, with line of best fit. https://scispace.com/papers/presence-of-ochratoxin-a-in-human-milk-in-relation-to-470tuhwhl2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-highest-contaminated-milk-1uhnzk1j.png Table 2. Characteristics of the highest contaminated milk donors as compared to the milk donors with lower or not detectable amounts of OA in the milk. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-dietary-intake-and-frequency-of-oa-contaminated-21ksh4yd.png Table 1. Mean dietary intake and frequency of OA contaminated ( 10 ng/l) human milk samples among 80 women, divided into three groups according to intake. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-frequency-of-oa-contaminated-10-ng-l-human-milk-1pj0gggu.png Figure 1. Frequency (%) of OA contaminated ( 10 ng/l) human milk samples among women in the low, medium, and high intake group for: a) liver paste (liverwurst, liver pâté), and b) cakes (cookies, fruitcakes, chocolate cakes etc.). https://scispace.com/papers/presence-of-carbohydrate-digesting-enzymes-throughout-the-3vf53qg4of 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-the-ration-2cuzvr2c.png Table 1. Composition of the ration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-mass-and-length-of-the-particular-segments-of-3tgq9lpi.png Table 2. The mass and length of the particular segments of the digestive tract of sheep. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characterization-of-the-contents-of-the-digestive-nvv4vbs8.png Table 3. Characterization of the contents of the digestive tract of sheep. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-concentration-of-protozoa-x104-per-ml-of-rumen-3skaaf2y.png Table 4. The concentration of protozoa (×104 per mL of rumen fluid) and species distribution in the rumen of sheep. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-degradation-rate-of-particular-carbohydrates-by-oa0isr92.png Table 5. The degradation rate of particular carbohydrates by enzymatic fraction of the digestive tract contents (µmol of released monosaccharide/g DM of content per minute). https://scispace.com/papers/presence-of-serca-and-calcineurin-during-fetal-development-igwvp0oxje 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-immunoanalysis-of-the-expression-of-serca1-green-a-2v2dqwfz.png Figure 3 Immunoanalysis of the expression of SERCA1 (green, A–C) and SERCA2 (D–F, in green) in combination with CnA expression (in red) in cross-sections of the porcine m. semitendinosus at term. For more clarity, separate images of the green (B,E) and red (C,F) signals are presented. Magnification: 3400. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-immunoanalysis-of-the-expression-of-sarcoplasmic-3f2nlxa6.png Figure 2 Immunoanalysis of the expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 1(SERCA1), SERCA2, or phospholamban (PLB) in the porcine m. semitendinosus at 55 or 75 dg or at term. In green: SERCA1 at 55 dg (A), 75 dg (B), and at term (C), SERCA2 at 55 dg (D), 75 dg (E), and at term (F), and PLB at 55 (G), 75 (H) dg, and at term (I). In red: calcineurin A (CnA). At the inset (A*,B*,E*) a detail is shown of the structures (white arrows, A,B,E), respectively; for more clarity these are given for the separate green fluorescent signal. At the inset (H*,I*) nuclear staining with TO-PRO-3 iodide (blue) is combined with PLB staining (green) to show that PLB is specifically expressed at nuclei. Magnification: A–G 5 3400; H,H*,I,I* 5 31000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-immunoanalysis-of-the-expression-of-myosin-heavy-3ihr5o7r.png Figure 1 Immunoanalysis of the expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms slow or fast in relation to the presence of acetylcholine receptor (AchR) subunits a or g or growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) at 55 or 75 dg or at term in the porcine semitendinosus muscle (m. semitendinosus). In green: AChR subunits a (A–C) or g (D–F) or GAP43 (G–I). In red: MyHC isoforms slow (A,C–F,H,I) or fast (B,G) at 55 dg (A,D,G) and 75 dg (B,E,H) or at term (C,F,I). Magnification: 3400. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-immunoanalysis-of-the-expression-of-subunits-cna-3i80qc13.png Figure 4 Immunoanalysis of the expression of subunits CnA and CnB in the porcinem. semitendinosus at 55 dg, 75 dg, or at term. In green: CnA at 55 dg (A), 75 dg (B), and at term (C), CnB at 55 dg (D), 75 dg (E), and at term (F). In red: slow MyHC. (C*) Example of another orientation of myofibers of the same specimen showing yellow staining indicating CnA and slow MyHC expression in the same fiber. (D*,F*) A detail of the structures indicated by the white arrows in D and F, respectively. CnB subunit is expressed in a banding pattern. Magnification: 3400 https://scispace.com/papers/present-day-mars-seismicity-predicted-from-3-d-thermal-nfo3jkt9ed 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-geographic-distribution-of-possibly-seismically-uhf8ctfg.png Figure 3. Geographic distribution of possibly seismically active areas based on the fault catalog of Knapmeyer et al. (2006). (a) all faults considered, (b) only faults cutting areas with ages younger than the Noachian epoch (age < 3700 Myr), and (c) only faults on surfaces dated to early Amazonian epoch (age < 600 Myr). White regions on the maps represent areas with zero seismic moment. Spatial distribution of the annual seismic moment budget based on 3-D thermal evolution models that consider both stresses associated with planetary contraction and convective stresses. The total annual seismic moment budget has been calculated using the (d–f ) 1073 K isotherm and (g–i) 573 K isotherm. Results based on the DC model are shown in Figures 3d and 3g, on the NC model in Figures 3e and 3h, and on the HC model in Figures 3f and 3i. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spatial-distribution-of-the-annual-seismic-moment-2jr38zq4.png Figure 2. Spatial distribution of the annual seismic moment budget based on (a) the stresses produced by mantle cooling, (b) convective stresses, and (c) the sum of the two contributions. Here we use the HC model of Plesa et al. (2016) and define the seismogenic volume using the depth of the 1073 K isotherm. The seismic efficiency is set here to 1 and the shear modulus to 70 GPa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-seismogenic-lithosphere-thickness-each-line-l79eutip.png Figure 1. Seismogenic lithosphere thickness: Each line corresponds to a thermal evolution model. (a) The results obtained using the 573 K isotherm. (b) The 1073 K isotherm. Results using the DC model are shown by red lines, simulations using the NC model are shown by black lines, while the DC model is shown by blue lines. The DC and NC models indicate a similar range of seismogenic lithosphere thicknesses, while the HC model shows a much wider range (blue lines). NC = Neumann crustal thickness model; DC = density dichotomy crust; HC = high density crust. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-moment-frequency-relation-between-2y7130eg.png Figure 4. Comparison of moment-frequency relation between previous studies, this work, and the annual seismic moment release of the Earth (Harvard-CMT) and the Moon from both shallow moonquakes and three deep moonquake clusters (A01, A06, and A07). To calculate the moment-frequency-relation, we use the total seismic moment budget, which takes into account the contribution of both stresses from planetary contraction and convective stresses. The value N(M ≥ M0) on the y axis shows the annual number of events with a moment larger than or equal to M0. The values obtained in this study have been calculated using a slope of 0.625 and a maximum marsquake moment of 1020 Nm. https://scispace.com/papers/presentation-and-evaluation-of-the-arctic-sea-ice-3ak5r524hu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparisons-of-time-averaged-model-and-cs2-smos-2u167811.png Figure 6. Comparisons of time-averaged model and CS2-SMOS thickness for early (a–c) and late (d–f) in the 2019–2020 winter. (a, d) Bias maps; (b, e) neXtSIM thickness; (c, f) CS2-SMOS thickness. The bias is defined as model minus observation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-selected-maps-of-daily-averaged-biases-in-377jll5j.png Figure 10. Selected maps of daily-averaged biases in concentration compared to OSI SAF SSMIS for three examples of forecasts, starting on 3 January 2019 (a–c, positive skill) and the other on 7 March 2019 (d–f, negative skill) and 6 September 2019 (g–i, positive). Panels (a), (d) and (g) show the evaluation for the first day of simulation (lead time −1: analysis or hindcast), while panels (b), (e) and (h) show the evaluation for the eighth day of simulation (lead time 7). Panels (c), (f) and (i) show the bias in the persistence forecast (defined as the results for the first day of simulation) for lead time 7. The bias is defined as model minus observation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-accuracy-of-the-free-run-concentration-and-extent-1b89pp7y.png Table 1. Accuracy of the free run. Concentration and extent are evaluated against OSI SAF SSMIS; thickness is evaluated against CS2SMOS; drift is evaluated against OSI SAF drift, where observations with reported error up to 10 km d−1 are considered. Results are 2- monthly-averaged. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-selected-maps-of-the-2-monthly-averaged-3eeyv711.png Figure 4. Selected maps of the 2-monthly-averaged concentration biases between the free model run and from OSI SAF SSMIS. The bias is defined as model minus observation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-temporal-comparison-of-model-and-cs2-smos-thickness-1cta8ib2.png Figure 5. Temporal comparison of model and CS2-SMOS thickness for two winters, 2018–2019 (a, c) and 2019–2020 (b, d). The shaded regions show the rms uncertainty in the CS2-SMOS product for reference. The mean thickness is the mean over the ocean points in the domain, while the bias is defined as the mean error (model minus observation) over the region where either the model or observations have ice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-two-monthly-averaged-forecast-errors-grouped-by-coaurmlv.png Figure 9. Two-monthly-averaged forecast errors grouped by lead time (lead times are indicated in the figure legends). The free run errors for the corresponding periods are plotted as dotted lines for reference on the bias and RMSE/IIEE plots. (a–c) Two-monthly-averaged bias, RMSE and forecast skill for concentration grouped by lead time. (d–f) Two-monthly-averaged bias, IIEE and forecast skill for extent grouped by lead time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparisons-of-2-monthly-averaged-model-and-osi-saf-3jn28n79.png Figure 8. Comparisons of 2-monthly-averaged model and OSI SAF drift from the 2019–2020 winter. The drift bias colour maps (left column) show the bias in speed, while the directions show the difference between the model and observation directions (arrows pointing up indicate the directions are the same). The central column shows ice velocity vectors from neXtSIM, while the right-hand column shows OSI SAF vectors. The concentration colour maps show the average neXtSIM concentration over the analysis period. The bias is defined as modelled speed minus observed speed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-accuracy-of-the-free-run-for-the-2018-2019-and-2019-2ry3x883.png Table 2. Accuracy of the free run for the 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 winters. Thickness is evaluated against CS2-SMOS and drift against OSI SAF drift, where only observations with reported error less than 1.25 km d−1 are considered. Results are 2-monthly-averaged. https://scispace.com/papers/presenting-crosscutting-structure-with-active-models-2q9d5433ge 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-element-and-relationship-values-used-to-select-1ogdd3xn.png Table 2: Element and relationship values used to select examples during the abstraction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ajdt-and-eclipse-tree-views-displaying-part-of-the-2qpemz32.png Figure 1: AJDT and Eclipse tree views displaying part of the crosscutting Billing aspect structure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-excerpt-from-a-log-of-recorded-structure-information-2ludq0lc.png Table 3: Excerpt from a log of recorded structure information events. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-active-model-work-flow-1jy7es7f.png Figure 3: Active model work flow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-active-model-data-flow-1439u6q7.png Figure 2: Active model data flow. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-recorded-structure-information-events-3a5hsmmm.png Table 4: Summary of recorded structure information events. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-number-of-eclipse-or-ajdt-tree-views-required-to-prpqw6gm.png Table 5: Number of Eclipse or AJDT tree views required to satisfy logged information events. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-diagram-of-an-active-model-of-the-billing-aspect-3muvbjbb.png Figure 4: A diagram of an active model of the Billing aspect. https://scispace.com/papers/preservation-of-scientific-and-cultural-heritage-in-balkan-2w5t7pyksl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-internet-usage-in-the-balkan-countries-1wl1seod.png Table II. Internet usage in the Balkan countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-map-of-the-high-speed-european-research-3di2fvpd.png Figure 2. Schematic map of the high-speed European Research and Education Network, topology (February 2009) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-number-of-publications-in-the-balkan-countries-25o8b0zs.png Table III. Number of publications in the Balkan countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-national-and-university-library-of-bosnia-and-1jyzq7s4.png Figure 3. The National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo in 1992 https://scispace.com/papers/preserving-the-diamond-baseball-stadium-ballpark-design-case-1lnztcwdkb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-evaluation-of-alternatives-8vhoa2iq.png Table VIII .. Evaluation of Alternatives https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-super-stadiums-12z0kgng.png Table II .. Super Stadiums https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-texas-rangers-new-ballpark-28n3zoq4.png Figure 5 .. Texas Rangers (New Ballpark) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-location-36mhhoym.png Table IV •. Location https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-location-continued-23lo9bcb.png Table IV •. Location https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-ownership-of-major-league-stadiums-ballparks-3vhz2pnw.png Table V .. Ownership of Major League Stadiums/Ballparks ballpark,concession facilities, and https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-regenerated-classic-ballparks-2n2te6dg.png Table III .. Regenerated Classic Ballparks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-boston-s-fenway-park-19ra6y23.png Figure 3 .. Boston's Fenway Park https://scispace.com/papers/preserved-lignin-structures-in-miocene-aged-lignite-256vvew7wr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-yields-of-lignin-derived-phenol-and-their-4deg2y41.png Table 2. Yields of lignin-derived phenol and their distribution in structural types https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plot-of-lignin-derived-phenols-ratios-in-two-3viutgo8.png Fig. 2. Plot of lignin-derived phenols ratios in two dimensional diagram, according to Hedges and Mann [8] (X, xylain; HV, humovitrain; L, liptain; HK, humoclarain). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relationship-between-vanillyl-units-and-total-phenols-xxszvsv7.png Fig. 3. Relationship between vanillyl units and total phenols produced in CuO oxidation of lignite lithotypes; (X, xylain; HV, humovitrain; L, liptain; HK, humoclarain). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-lignte-lithotypes-wt-2uhsisgj.png Table 1. Characteristics of lignte lithotypes (wt%) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-gc-separation-of-cuo-oxidation-products-of-xylain-jgusb01b.png Fig. 4. GC separation of CuO oxidation products of xylain lithotype; (Peaks identification in Table 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gc-ms-identification-of-products-of-cuo-oxidation-of-2sxnyo3b.png Table 3. GC–MS identification of products of CuO oxidation of xylain lithotype https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-capillary-zone-electrophoregrams-a-standard-mixture-b-1t7g25t2.png Fig. 1. Capillary zone electrophoregrams; (A) standard mixture; (B) products of CuO oxidation of xylain; Peak assignment: IS, internal standard (2,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid); (1) 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyacetophenone (acetovanillone); (2) 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (syringe aldehyde); (3) 4-hydroxyacetophenone; (4) 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (vanillin); (5) 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (syringic acid); (6) 3- (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propenoic acid (ferulic acid); (7) 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde; (8) 3-(4- hydroxyphenyl)-propenoic acid (coumaric acid); (9) 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (vanillic acid); (10) 4- hydroxybenzoic acid. https://scispace.com/papers/preserving-the-right-kind-of-city-the-urban-politics-of-the-35nrosxtjh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-share-of-the-population-per-income-group-for-2010-1z77xiw9.png Figure 2. Share of the population per income group for 2010: Pampulha and Santa Lúcia versus Belo Horizonte and Brazil https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-share-of-the-population-per-income-group-for-2010-1byli425.png Figure 2. Share of the population per income group for 2010: Pampulha and Santa Lúcia versus Belo Horizonte and Brazil https://scispace.com/papers/pressure-broadening-and-fine-structure-dependent-1kwsoim0x4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spectral-recording-of-the-single-rotationally-resolved-2dct5740.png FIG. 1. Spectral recording of the single rotationally resolved P 1 line of the B 3 u −-X 3 g − 0,0 band in 16O2 at 38 mbars. Detection by LIF. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spectral-recordings-of-the-three-fine-structure-1puz7sp1.png FIG. 3. Spectral recordings of the three fine structure components of the P 3 line of the B 3 u −-X 3 g − 0,0 band in 16O2, both by CRD spectroscopy and by LIF at a pressure of 300 mbars. Panel a gives direct proof for the more rapid predissociation of F2 and F3 components, with respect to F1. Panel b shows the resulting fit for the spectral LIF profile using parameters Fi , as described in the text. Panel c shows the resulting fit to the CRD profile. In the lower panels the calculated contributions of each finestructure component Fi are plotted, as well as residuals between experimental and calculated profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-combined-effect-of-collisional-broadening-and-1dtuls31.png FIG. 2. a The combined effect of collisional broadening and predissociation as observed on the P 1 line of the B 3 u −-X 3 g − 0,0 band in 16O2. Lorentzian contribution to the linewidth after deconvolution of the observed profile with a Doppler component Gaussian profile of 0.107 cm−1 FWHM . b Collisional shift effect as observed on the P 1 line of the B 3 u −-X 3 g − 0,0 band in 16O2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-predissociation-widths-pred-measured-for-the-b-3-u-v-0-x6pgysig.png FIG. 5. Predissociation widths pred measured for the B 3 u −, v=0,N ,Fi fine structure levels in O2. Points=SRI. Squares=Amsterdam. https://scispace.com/papers/pressure-dependent-infrared-emitting-phenomenon-in-4clq8l64uz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-predicted-radii-of-the-ir-cloud-expansion-for-each-ir-3fptu1yn.png Fig. 8 Predicted radii of the IR cloud expansion for each IR image using the Taylor blast wave dimensional analysis and empirically determined values for K and a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-measured-expansion-radii-versus-the-corresponding-1aawa68r.png Fig. 9 Measured expansion radii versus the corresponding predicted radius as a function of pressure for each impact experiment https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-experiments-considered-for-34sgkt0g.png Table 1 Parameters of the experiments considered for dimensional analysis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ir-images-for-four-experiments-with-a-range-of-ambient-1s6e95xq.png Fig. 1 IR images for four experiments with a range of ambient chamber pressures. Times in microseconds indicate time after impact. Images shown with false color to add contrast. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-concurrent-ir-and-lsl-image-results-for-a-6-53-km-s-lgm8cqc3.png Fig. 11 Concurrent IR and LSL image results for a 6.53 km/s impact on a double-plate target configuration consisting of two 0.5 mm aluminum plates separated with a 50 mm stand-off distance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-lsl-system-results-for-a-double-plate-target-gbvfpo9w.png Fig. 10 LSL system results for a double-plate target configuration. Two h5 0.5 mm target plates, with 50 mm separation, are impacted by a 5.59 mg nylon cylinder at 6.53 km/s. Timestamps shown indicate image time after impact. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-cropped-ir-image-before-grayscale-level-thresholding-j4hmqv83.png Fig. 3 (a) Cropped IR image before grayscale level thresholding, (b) IR image after grayscale thresholding based on the p5 95% grayscale level, and (c) R-theta plot of the boundary pixels in the IR image and definition of the experimentally observed radius, Rexp https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cdf-of-an-ir-image-pixel-grayscale-distribution-and-2uyhvgjc.png Fig. 2 CDF of an IR image pixel grayscale distribution and the p5 95% grayscale used to define the image threshold value https://scispace.com/papers/pressure-driven-brine-migration-in-a-salt-repository-3xujn32hxq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-elevation-schematic-open-borehole-kcid4ev5.png Figure 1. Elevation Schematic, Open Borehole https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sensit-iv-i-ty-of-brine-migrat-ion-veloci-ty-to-1c80irt9.png Figure 9. Sensit iv i ty of Brine Migrat ion Veloci ty to Salt Permeabil i ty https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-relative-pow-v-of-a-waste-package-containing-spent-fq6kjv2d.png Table I. relative Pow v of a Waste Package Containing Spent FYiel from PWR, 10 years out of reactor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-brine-flow-into-an-open-borehole-33xo07an.png Figure 6. Brine Flow into an Open Borehole https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-i-compar-i-son-of-mass-flux-rate-at-early-time-25-nep3gl80.png Figure I I . Compar i son of Mass Flux Rate at Early Time 25 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relative-temperature-at-waste-surface-after-3jszclm2.png Figure 4. Relative Temperature at Waste Surface After Emplacement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparison-of-mass-flux-rate-at-early-time-9xv2prq5.png Figure 11. Comparison of Mass Flux Rate at Early Time https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-parameter-values-used-in-calculations-after-mctigue-2bu9jx54.png Table II. Parameter Values Used in Calculations (After McTigue,2 for the Salado Formation, Delaware Basin, New Mexico) https://scispace.com/papers/pressure-gradients-in-a-steeppass-fishway-using-a-1abfya4xh7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pressure-gradients-along-chord-1-that-is-heavily-eo6bcmj0.png Fig. 3. Pressure gradients along chord 1 that is heavily influenced by proximity to the fishway baffles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-cross-section-of-the-fishway-showing-the-locations-1r0fgi08.png Fig. 2. A cross section of the fishway showing the locations at which results are presented and a photograph of the corresponding view looking downstream in a steeppass fishway. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-two-dimensional-representation-of-the-force-balance-2ask0f2x.png Fig. 1. A two-dimensional representation of the force balance on a small volume in a moving flow field. https://scispace.com/papers/pressure-induced-formation-of-rhodium-zigzag-chains-in-the-3ka0g4ptkq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pressure-evolution-of-a-the-lattice-parameters-a-b-1nc7d6ay.png FIG. 4. Pressure evolution of (a) the lattice parameters (a, b′ = https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-structural-parameters-for-the-low-pressure-phase-at-1d1e8qs9.png TABLE II. Structural parameters for the low-pressure phase at ambient pressure and for the high-pressure phase at 25.2 GPa. At ambient pressure, the lattice parameters are a = 5.11126(10) Å, b = 8.83473(16) Å, c = 5.10034(11) Å, β = 109.6105(18)◦, and V = 216.955(8) Å3, and at 25.2 GPa they are a = 4.7732(5) Å, b = 8.3980(7) Å, c = 4.8027(3) Å, β = 109.034(11)◦, and V = 181.99(3) Å3. The isotropic atomic displacement parameters Uiso were fixed to 0.005 Å 2 for all atomic positions, except for the Rh(1)/Li(1) one. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematics-of-a-e-various-types-of-possible-2k6bt52d.png FIG. 1. Schematics of (a)–(e) various types of possible dimerization in hexagonal Kitaev systems and (f)–(i) different magnetic configurations considered by us for Li2RhO3. The blue lines indicate the short bond ls, i.e., the dimer, and the red arrows indicate the spin orientation at the transition-metal site. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-room-temperature-x-ray-powder-diffraction-diagrams-of-1ic1h521.png FIG. 2. Room-temperature x-ray powder diffraction diagrams of Li2RhO3 under pressure. The numbers on the right vertical axis denote the applied pressures in gigapascals. The diffraction diagrams at the critical pressures Pc1 = 6.5 GPa and Pc2 = 14 GPa are highlighted by blue lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-x-ray-powder-diffraction-diagrams-iobs-of-li2rho3-at-a-2d4itzem.png FIG. 3. X-ray powder diffraction diagrams Iobs of Li2RhO3 at (a) the ambient pressure and (b) the highest studied pressure (25.2 GPa) together with the corresponding Rietveld fits Icalc and the difference curves (Iobs − Icalc). Markers indicate the calculated peak positions. The Rp (Rwp) values amount to 6.31% (13.30%) and 6.15% (19.33%), respectively. The insets in (a) and (b) show the respective low-angle region at 0 and 25.2 GPa. The dashed red arrows in the insets mark the additional intensity due to stacking faults, while the black arrows in the inset of (b) mark traces from the low-pressure phase as discussed in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-evolution-of-rh-rh-bond-lengths-calculated-within-k139fueh.png FIG. 11. The evolution of Rh-Rh bond lengths (calculated within GGA+SOC+U ) as a function of pressure. Red and green shaded regions represent hydrostatic and uniaxial pressure regimes, respectively. For comparison with the experimental data, the blue line is drawn as a guide to follow the transition from hydrostatic to uniaxial pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-variation-of-a-the-rh-rh-bond-lengths-and-b-bond-7yhasxhu.png FIG. 10. Variation of (a) the Rh-Rh bond lengths and (b) bond disproportionation (ll/ls) as a function of the b/a ratio, with the b and c parameters fixed to their experimental values at 25.2 GPa (within GGA+SOC+U ), and comparison with experimentally obtained values. The dashed blue lines show the optimal value of the b/a ratio that illustrates the choice of lattice parameters for uniaxial pressure conditions in the simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-pressure-dependence-of-the-theoretically-obtained-a-23z0vyqf.png FIG. 9. Pressure dependence of the theoretically obtained (a) and (b) structural parameters calculated under hydrostatic pressure conditions and (c) Rh-Rh bond lengths within the GGA+SOC+U (U = 1.5 eV) scheme. https://scispace.com/papers/pressure-induced-isosymmetric-phase-transition-in-biurea-3fld5ts20e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bulk-moduli-b0-associated-derivatives-b-zero-11lo1m1p.png Table 2 Bulk moduli B0, associated derivatives B′, zero-pressure volume V0, and median principal compressibilities Ki of phase I and II of biurea. Also given are the principal axes Xi and their relationship to the unit-cell axes. The value of B′ for phase I was fixed to the value of phase II for the determination of B0 and V0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-variable-pressure-experimental-phase-i-and-n-phase-ii-3sj5k7ti.png Fig. 4 Variable-pressure experimental ( –phase I and N–phase II) and DFT-optimised ( –phase I and 4–phase II) unit-cell volumes. In all experimental data error bars are smaller than the symbols. The vertical dashed line indicates the experimentally-observed I–II phase boundary. The solid red line depicts the Vinet EoS for phase II; the red triangle indicates the refined V0 parameter by the EoS. The cell volume of phase I, when optimised (open square), closely matches that of phase II, hence the requirement to keep its unit cell fixed. The downward, blue arrow indicates the zero-pressure volume difference between experiment and DFT optimisation of phase I. The inset shows DFT-optimised molecules at ambient pressure for phase I (red, fixed cell) and II (blue) in projection in the mean planes of the individual biurea units. One half of the molecule is overlaid for both phases, and coloured black. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-relative-change-in-length-of-the-principal-spluym6h.png Fig. 3 a: Relative change in length of the principal directions in phase I and II, as a function of pressure. The vertical dashed line indicates the phase boundary. X1 is shown by black squares, X2 by red circles and X3 with blue triangles (see main text and Table 1 for further details). b: principal linear compressibilties of phase I and II of biurea: K1 is shown by black squares, K2 by red circles and K3 with blue triangles. c: The change in dihedral angle (θ ) between mean planes of the biurea monomers, on compression. d: the dihedral angle (θ ) discontinuity at the transition illustrated on the biurea molecule, shown in projection within the planes of the C, N, and O atoms of each biurea unit (approximately aligned with the N–N bond). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-vibrational-spectra-of-biurea-a-variation-in-raman-2hi94ytg.png Fig. 5 Vibrational spectra of biurea. a: Variation in Raman spectra of perhydrogenated biurea in the region around the C–N stretching (H) and C–N–N in-plane bending (N) vibrational modes with increasing hydrostatic pressure (phase I indicated by black spectra and phase II by red). b: Relative intensity of the C–N stretching and C–N–N in-plane bending modes between as a function of pressure for the hydrogenated sample (inset shows first derivative of fit to trend, used to determine the transition pressure). c: Experimental (red) and theoretical (blue) INS spectra of perdueterated biurea. d: Experimental Raman spectra of perdeuterated (top) and perhydrogenated (bottom) biurea at ambient pressure (outwith of the DAC). The vertical tick marks show the expected position of the vibrational modes as predicted by periodic DFT calculations (this study), black perdeuterated and red perhydrogenated. e: External vibrational mode shift of perdeuterated biurea with increasing pressure. Further high-pressure Raman spectra can be found in the S.I.†, as can the experimental and theoretical INS spectra for perhydrogenated biurea. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-molecular-structure-of-biurea-c2h6n4o2-the-white-31ac4v2f.png Fig. 1 a: Molecular structure of biurea (C2H6N4O2). The white oval bisecting the N–N bond indicates the position of the 2-fold axis that relates the two urea units of the molecule to each other; the yellow box indicates one urea molecule—the asymmetric unit. b: Hydrogen bonding arrangement between biurea molecules in phase I. Hydrogen bonds are shown as solid red lines, and neighbouring molecules are shown with a wireframe representation, except for donor and acceptor H-bonding atoms, which are shown as spheres. The labelling of the hydrogen positions with deuterium reflects the fact that we studied a perdeuterated sample here. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-calculated-energy-contributions-to-phase-stability-389s2f6g.png Table 3 Calculated energy contributions to phase stability; Uconf, DFT+D, ZPE, Evib, and T S. G = (DFT+D) +ZPE+Evib − T S. Evib and T S are calculated using a temperature of 295 K. All energies are quoted per molecule in units of kJmol−1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-top-powder-diffraction-patterns-of-biurea-with-3f8vux72.png Fig. 2 Top: powder diffraction patterns of biurea with increasing pressure to 3.89 GPa and subsequent recovery to phase I on decompression (black and red traces indicate phase I and II, respectively). Lower panels: representative Rietveld fits to data, collected at 0.01 GPa (left) and 0.62 GPa (right). In both lower panels data are shown as open red circles, the calculated profile in black, and the residual in blue. The tick marks show the reflection positions for each phase: (from top to bottom) biurea (black); Pb (green); Al2O3 (orange); and ZrO2 (pink). The results of all Rietveld refinements described in this text can be found in the S.I.† https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-refinement-details-for-select-high-pressure-data-2bxyxkat.png Table 1 Refinement details for select high-pressure data collections. A table containing refinement details of all high-pressure data can be found in S.I.† https://scispace.com/papers/pressure-induced-jahn-teller-suppression-and-simultaneous-29svnedi4h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-variation-of-the-optical-absorption-1o0tvpaz.png FIG. 2. Color online Variation of the optical absorption spectrum of single crystal of CsMnF4 with pressure in the 0–46 GPa range at room temperature upstroke . Broken lines illustrate the pressure-induced shift for the three broadbands. Note the abrupt change of the absorption spectrum at 37 GPa. The energy level diagram for Mn3+ in elongated-D4 and O symmetries with corresponding crystal-field excitations are indicated on the right. The variation of E1, E2, and E3 as a function of pressure is given top right. Estimated energy errors are 10 meV. Note that the Jahn-Teller-related broadband structure and the two spin-flip peaks are observed up to 36 GPa, but both undergo abrupt jumps at the critical pressure, PC=37 GPa. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-optical-absorption-spectra-of-csmnf4-xbnn1e0v.png FIG. 4. Color online a Optical absorption spectra of CsMnF4, Tl2MnF5.H2O, and K3MnF6 single crystals. Their crystal structure, showing different crystal dimensionality, is shown on the right. Values of Mn-F distances and normal coordinates, Rax and Req Q and Q , respectively, are 2.06, 1.86 Å 0.23, 0.04 Å for K3MnF6, 2.08, 1.83 Å 0.29, 0.03 Å for Tl2MnF5, and 2.17, 1.84 Å 0.38, 0.04 Å for CsMnF4 Ref. 11 . Note that E1, E2, and E3 shift to higher energies with Q . b Correlation between the tetragonal splitting, e and t, and the normal coordinate, Q , for several Mn 3+ fluorides Ref. 11 showing an almost linear dependence: e=5.2Q and t=1.4Q in eV and Å units, respectively . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-left-diagram-of-the-d-levels-of-mn3-in-b2yolqld.png FIG. 1. Color online Left Diagram of the d levels of Mn3+ in octahedral O and elongated tetragonal D4 coordinations, showing the E e Jahn-Teller high-spin and O low-spin configurations. Right Variation of the state energies Tanabe-Sugano diagram for 3d4 ions calculated for C /B=4.6 as a function of the crystal-field energy in terms of the Racah parameter B Ref. 11 . Some states have been omitted in the diagram for the sake of clarity. The 5E↔ 3T1 crossover crystal field /B SCO is 27; B 0.1 eV for Mn3+ in fluorides and oxides Refs. 2–4 . The splittings of the 5E and 5T2 states due to the Jahn-Teller effect are given as a function of the normal coordinate Q , keeping a ratio e / t=3.7 Ref. 11 . The crystal structure of the layered perovskite CsMnF4 space group: P4/n , showing the in-layer and intralayer views, together with the elongated MnF6 3− complex, with axial and equatorial Mn-F distances, Rax, Req1 and Req2, are given bottom left. The normal coordinates, Q and Q , representing the tetragonal and rhombic distortions, respectively, are given as a function of the three Mn-F distances. Req=1/2 Req1+Req2 . Note the antiferrodistortive structure shown by the MnF6 3− octahedra in the a ,b layer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-optical-absorption-spectra-of-namnf4-hvfppxml.png FIG. 3. Color online Optical absorption spectra of NaMnF4, TlMnF4, and CsMnF4 single crystals. Rax and Req are 2.15, 1.82 Å for TlMnF4 and 2.17, 1.84 Å for NaMnF4 and CsMnF4. The Mn-F-Mn bond angle is indicated on the right. 13 The three spin-allowed crystalfield transitions, E1, E2, and E3, and the spin-flip peaks, ESP1 and ESP2, are indicated by vertical and horizontal arrows, respectively. The spin-flip integrated peak intensity decreases with the tilting angle, =180− , being the Mn-F-Mn bond angle. Its variation is linear with cos2 =cos2 , showing the exchange-induced electric-dipole mechanism of the spin-flip transitions Refs. 12, 17, and 18 . The errors are 0.05 and 0.005 for the relative intensity and cos2 , respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/pressure-induced-phase-transitions-of-natural-brookite-18f0nb8rrk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-pressure-dependence-of-phase-contents-of-tio2-2xeh0x4f.png Figure 5. The pressure dependence of phase contents of TiO2 phases occurring during the compression and decompression of the natural brookite sample using pressure transmitting media of helium (a), neon (b), and methanol-ethanol (4:1 in volume) (c). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-major-chemical-composition-of-the-natural-brookite-1ha1um7k.png Table 1. Major Chemical Composition of the Natural Brookite Sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-representative-rietveld-fitting-of-xrd-patterns-3bo401bd.png Figure 4. Representative Rietveld fitting of XRD patterns (shown in Figure 3a) of natural brookite during compression (a) and decompression (b). The derived lattice parameters and phase contents are listed in Table S2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-calculated-enthalpies-of-titania-phases-relative-to-3rzjmxph.png Figure 7. Calculated enthalpies of titania phases relative to that of rutile as a function of pressure. The downward solid (dashed) arrow indicates a possible phase transition from a high-enthalpy phase to a low-enthalpy phase during compression (decompression); the slanted solid and dashed arrows denote the enthalpy routes in compression and decompression, respectively; the solid (dashed) vertical line indicates the energy crossover between the two phases during https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-photo-of-natural-brookite-crystals-b-rietveld-13vmxy0w.png Figure 1. (a) Photo of natural brookite crystals; (b) Rietveld fitting of the X-ray diffraction pattern of natural brookite at ambient pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-high-pressure-xrd-patterns-of-natural-brookite-27thdym8.png Figure 3. High-pressure XRD patterns of natural brookite under compression using pressure transmitting media of helium (a), neon (b & c), and methanol-ethanol (4:1 in volume) (d & e). Data in (a - c) were collected at ALS-12.2.2 beamline station and those in (d & e) at the APS-13-BMC beamline station. In (a), prefix “D” in the pressure values indicates decompression. The calculated XRD patterns under ambient pressure are shown at the very bottom of each diagram for reference. Star symbols (*) denote rutile (110) peaks. https://scispace.com/papers/pressure-induced-structural-transformations-in-the-molybdate-4xeb0bi712 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-raman-spectra-of-sc2-moo4-3-crystals-recorded-at-35uo5wo1.png FIG. 4. Raman spectra of Sc2(MoO4)3 crystals recorded at different pressures during decompression experiments in the~a! low and ~b! high frequency regions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-frequency-vs-pressure-plot-of-the-stretching-modes-2dz8cfnm.png FIG. 2. Frequency vs pressure plot of the stretching modes served in Sc2(MoO4)3 crystals for compression experiments. T solid lines are linear fits on the data tov(P)5v01aP. The solid square in the inset stands for the frequency of the stretching m observed in the low temperature phase~Ref. 20!. https://scispace.com/papers/pressure-limit-of-hydrogen-spontaneous-ignition-in-a-t-1rsasd3ei3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-calculated-parameters-for-normal-shock-wave-1hg3pmtg.png Table 3. Calculated parameters for normal shock wave reflection using Eqs. (24)-(26). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-opening-times-of-sections-for-simulated-cases-3g4f2a81.png Table 2. Opening times of sections for simulated cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-temperature-profiles-across-the-symmetry-plane-for-1qd69imm.png Figure 9. Temperature profiles across the symmetry plane for 1.35 MPa case. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-specific-reaction-rate-constants-error-reference-3oa5knm6.png Table 1. Specific reaction rate constants [Error! Reference source not found.]. https://scispace.com/papers/pressure-normalization-of-production-rates-improves-4oma4ic1rk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-fetkovich-empirical-rate-type-curve-fetkovich-1973-11p6jhxy.png Fig. 17—Fetkovich "empirical" rate type curve (Fetkovich, 1973) https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-and-fig-65-the-green-cells-indicate-the-best-dca-29gn8haq.png Table 17 and Fig. 65. The green cells indicate the best DCA technique (traditional DCA or Pressure Normalize DCA) for each particular DCA model (e.g., Arps, SEPD, Duong). Specific observations about the DCA models and techniques are discussed below: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-64-comparison-of-probabilistic-functions-representing-3ge0p9lh.png Fig. 64—Comparison of probabilistic functions representing the average tendency of the results for the general scenario (all wells included). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-summary-of-pressure-normalization-methods-and-3hdcgkbh.png Table 7—Summary of pressure normalization methods and pressure-normalized rates (PNR) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-summary-table-including-flow-regime-identification-2cvyu3q7.png Table 10—Summary table, including flow regime identification results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-47-bilinear-flow-diagnosis-according-to-the-multi-method-19gkicbn.png Fig. 47—Bilinear flow diagnosis according to the multi-method approach. https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-weight-factors-for-the-multi-method-approach-1w3fk3lv.png Table 13—Weight factors for the multi-method approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-example-of-flow-regimes-in-a-mfhw-generated-by-1vmjhljp.png Fig. 10—Example of flow regimes in a MFHW generated by streamlines simulation (Luo et al., 2010) and flow regime signatures in a radial derivative plot (Clarkson, 2013a) https://scispace.com/papers/pressure-surges-following-sudden-air-pocket-entrapment-in-17yv6uw6d3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-7-non-dimensional-pressure-development-following-1hkcg9i1.png Figure 4.7 Non-dimensional pressure development following complete obstruction by the gate valve (Q* = 0.37– 0.38, Vair* = 0.64–3.35, varying pipe slopes). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-12-non-dimensional-pressure-development-following-19fv1amw.png Figure 4.12 Non-dimensional pressure development following 81% obstruction by the knife gate valve (Q* = 0.42, varying slopes). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-experimental-variables-and-tested-range-3qoeashv.png Table 4.1 Experimental variables and tested range. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-6-non-dimensional-pressure-development-following-3di2j6yy.png Figure 4.6 Non-dimensional pressure development following complete obstruction by the knife gate valve https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-comparison-of-peak-h-h-d-pressures-for-horizontal-caedl4ds.png Table 4.2 Comparison of peak H* = H/D pressures for horizontal slope experiments averaged between repetitions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-11-non-dimensional-pressure-development-following-28z55q9v.png Figure 4.11 Non-dimensional pressure development following 89% obstruction by the knife gate valve (Q* = 0.41– 0.43, varying slopes). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-air-pocket-entrapment-predicted-by-numerical-128eb1kk.png Figure 4.1 Air pocket entrapment predicted by numerical modeling; pocket entrapment occurs as inflow accumulates at the lowest point, between the flow regime transition front and a backward moving bore. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-15-non-dimensional-peak-pressures-as-a-function-of-3d36coaf.png Figure 4.15 Non-dimensional peak pressures as a function of initial air pocket volume and pipeline slope. https://scispace.com/papers/pressurized-water-extraction-of-b-glucan-enriched-fractions-10o5882w2x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-extraction-yields-total-dry-matter-extracted-in-the-75den5dr.png Table 1. Extraction yields (total dry matter extracted in the PWE extracts and in the crude PSC fractions isolated from those PWE extracts) and PSC concentrations obtained after submitting Lentinula edodes powder to pressurized water extractions at different temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-extraction-yields-total-dry-matter-extracted-in-the-1knjb6ll.png Table 2. Extraction yields (total dry matter extracted in the PWE extracts and in the crude PSC fractions isolated from those PWE extracts) and PSC concentrations obtained after submitting Agaricus bisporus powder to pressurized water extractions at different temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-28-a-29-3jv7eug9.png Fig. 2: 28 a) 29 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-24-25-3tzuck1r.png Fig. 1 24 25 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bile-acid-binding-capacity-of-cellulose-cholestyramine-1b3h5uvl.png Fig. 4: Bile acid binding capacity of cellulose, cholestyramine and crude PSC fractions 17 obtained from a cereals mixture and mushrooms by a standard PSC extraction method and 18 by PWE at 200ºC after an in vitro digestion model (mixed in a ratio 1:100 bile extract: PSC 19 fractions except for cholestyramine which was 1:10). * Denotes statistically significant 20 differences (P < 0.05) between samples extracted by PWE and the standard PSC extraction 21 method 22 23 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-46-3ak8a99w.png Fig. 4: Bile acid binding capacity of cellulose, cholestyramine and crude PSC fractions 17 obtained from a cereals mixture and mushrooms by a standard PSC extraction method and 18 by PWE at 200ºC after an in vitro digestion model (mixed in a ratio 1:100 bile extract: PSC 19 fractions except for cholestyramine which was 1:10). * Denotes statistically significant 20 differences (P < 0.05) between samples extracted by PWE and the standard PSC extraction 21 method 22 23 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-extraction-yields-total-dry-matter-extracted-in-the-1c1vqyq7.png Table 3. Extraction yields (total dry matter extracted in the PWE extracts and in the crude PSC fractions isolated from those PWE extracts) and PSC concentrations obtained after submitting Pleurotus ostreatus powder to pressurized water extractions at different temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-36-a-37-23fyj8p1.png Fig. 3: 36 a) 37 https://scispace.com/papers/prestack-wavefield-approximations-1mt3xhjsnz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-percent-di-erence-in-the-phase-0-between-the-3gmzfxc5.png Figure 1: The percent di erence in the phase 0 between the original v(z) equation 4 and the fourth-order Pade approximation 6 (top) and the 8th order Pade approximation 7 and 8 (bottom). The velocity is equal to 1 km/s and the vertical wavenumber, kz = 1km 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-cube-plot-of-the-resulting-prestack-data-at-the-2yr465ue.png Figure 3: A cube plot of the resulting prestack data at the surface using the proposed wave equaution with snap shots shown in Figures 2(a)-2(d). The lines crossing each section of the cube represent the location of the corresponding slices. https://scispace.com/papers/presumptive-coccygeal-diskospondylitis-in-a-cat-2wsrskbg1m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1c-shows-changes-consistent-with-discospondylitis-at-3lkq506i.png Figure 1C shows changes consistent with discospondylitis at the Cd6/7 space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1c-shows-changes-consistent-with-discospondylitis-at-10qkf47j.png Figure 1C shows changes consistent with discospondylitis at the Cd6/7 space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-lateral-plain-radiograph-of-the-sacrum-to-the-2uhys4pz.png Figure 1C shows changes consistent with discospondylitis at the Cd6/7 space. https://scispace.com/papers/prestigious-stock-exchanges-a-network-analysis-of-23n7jt0l9m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8b-betweenness-index-of-secondary-market-trading-168j7ebo.png Figure 8B. Betweenness index of secondary market trading values Top 8 locations excluding U.S. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8a-betweenness-index-of-secondary-market-trading-x3e0ylnq.png Figure 8B. Betweenness index of secondary market trading values Top 8 locations excluding U.S. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-country-rankings-based-on-the-betweenness-index-of-ucuzn0qg.png Table 4. Country rankings based on the betweenness index of IPO activity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4b-betweenness-index-of-ipo-activity-top-8-locations-kf3o6a60.png Figure 4B. Betweenness index of IPO activity, top 8 locations excluding U.S. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4a-betweenness-index-of-ipo-activity-top-8-locations-2yv94t7j.png Figure 4B. Betweenness index of IPO activity, top 8 locations excluding U.S. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-country-rankings-based-on-the-betweenness-index-of-8be3iktx.png Table 8. Country rankings based on the betweenness index of trading value flows https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9b-prestige-index-of-secondary-market-trading-values-3g32c420.png Figure 9B. Prestige index of secondary market trading values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9a-prestige-index-of-secondary-market-trading-values-13kme8ly.png Figure 9B. Prestige index of secondary market trading values https://scispace.com/papers/pretreatment-lesional-volume-impacts-clinical-outcome-and-44pdl31b2e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-probability-of-functional-independence-according-to-5ini1t50.png FIGURE 4: Probability of functional independence according to pretreatment lesional volume, by treatment group. Curves were obtained from binomial logistic regression of functional independence (defined by modified Rankin Score 0–2) at 3 months on pretreatment lesional volume as a continuous variable, adjusted for age, baseline NIHSS score, occlusion location of proximal portion of middle cerebral artery, and blood glucose level. The solid lines showed the model results from the logistic regression analysis, with 95% CIs shown in the color-corresponding dashed lines. Red lines indicate patients in intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) group; green lines indicate patients in intravenous thrombolysis plus mechanical thrombectomy (IVTMT) group; blue line indicates patients in IVTMT group who achieved substantial reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction [mTICI] Scale score 2b or 3). CI5 confidence interval; NIHSS5National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-three-dimensional-scatterplots-with-fitted-surfaces-31xv1ne4.png FIGURE 3: Three-dimensional scatterplots with fitted surfaces illustrating the association between age (A) or baseline NIHSS score (B), and pretreatment lesional volume, and adjusted probability of functional independence (mRS 0–2) at 3 months. The colored crosses indicate the estimated probability of functional independence for each patient in our cohort. mRS5modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS5National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-number-needed-to-treat-nnt-for-1-patient-achieving-1lfzcs15.png FIGURE 5: Number needed to treat (NNT) for 1 patient achieving functional independence (mRS 0–2) through mechanical thrombectomy according to pretreatment lesional volume. Lesional volume was treated as a continuous variable; the model was adjusted for age, baseline NIHSS score, occlusion location of proximal portion of middle cerebral artery, and blood glucose level. The corresponding lesional volume when NNT was 10, 15, and 20 are shown by dotted lines. mRS5modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS5National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-probability-of-mortality-according-to-pretreatment-cums42ro.png FIGURE 6: Probability of mortality according to pretreatment lesional volume, by treatment group. Curves were obtained from binomial logistic regression of mortality on pretreatment lesional volume as a continuous variable, adjusted for age. The solid lines show the model results from the logistic regression analysis, with 95% CIs shown in the color-corresponding dotted lines. Red lines indicate patients in the intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) group; green lines indicate patients in the intravenous thrombolysis plus mechanical thrombectomy (IVTMT) group; blue line indicates patients in the IVTMT group who achieved substantial reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction [mTICI] Scale score 2b or 3). CI5 confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-patient-selection-flowchart-dwi5diffusionweighted-jfmwsxqn.png FIGURE 1: Patient selection flowchart. DWI5diffusionweighted imaging; mRS5modified Rankin Scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-clinical-baseline-characteristics-of-36n6sgmk.png TABLE 1. Demographic and Clinical Baseline Characteristics of Patients https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multivariate-logistic-models-for-the-association-27vn4o5f.png TABLE 2. Multivariate Logistic Models for the Association Between Pretreatment lesional volume with Functional Independence, Degree of Disability, and Mortality at 3 Months https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-box-and-whisker-plot-showing-the-distribution-of-1460aw87.png FIGURE 2: Box-and-whisker plot showing the distribution of the pretreatment lesional volume for each modified Rankin Scale (mRS) category. The boundaries of the box indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles and the black dots indicate the median values. The whiskers represent the lowest and highest values in the 25th percentile minus 1.5 interquartile range (IQR) and 75th percentile plus 1.5 IQR, respectively. Circles indicate outliers. https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-and-antibiotic-resistance-of-spp-in-south-punjab-3ot6o0zkil 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-antimicrobial-susceptibility-pattern-of-salmonella-rxcuwxp9.png Table 6. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella isolates from raw milk and environment samples in dairy farms . from South Punjab- Pakistan https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-and-associated-factors-of-tooth-erosion-in-8-12-2wnk32x7qj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-crude-c-and-adjusted-a-prevalence-ratios-pr-for-1z81eufc.png Table 3–Crude (c) and adjusted (a) Prevalence Ratios (PR) for tooth erosion in Brazilian schoolchildren, according to sociodemographic, behavioral and biological factors. Pelotas, RS, Brazil. 2010. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-association-between-tooth-erosion-and-demographic-31a0y5z1.png Table 2 – Association between tooth erosion and demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral and biological factors in Brazilian schoolchildren. Pelotas, Brazil, 2010 (n=1,211) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-crude-c-and-adjusted-a-prevalence-ratios-pr-for-jbozfxyh.png Table 3–Crude (c) and adjusted (a) Prevalence Ratios (PR) for tooth erosion in Brazilian schoolchildren, according to sociodemographic, behavioral and biological factors. Pelotas, RS, Brazil. 2010. https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-and-correlation-of-symptoms-and-comorbidities-in-23gwv8alwq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-group-integration-correlation-of-symptoms-and-1ysoz5cw.png Figure 2. Group Integration [correlation] of symptoms and comorbidities with age of the COVID-19 patients. [Symptom Group: S1: Fever, S2: Cough/Dry cough, S3: Fatigue, S4: Dyspnea/Shortness of breath, S5: Headache, S6: Diarrhea, S7: Sore Throat, S8: Myalgia/Muscle Ache, S9: Rhinorrhea, S10: Sputum Production/Expectoration, S11: Chest tightness, S12: Chest pain, S13: Nausea, S14: Vomiting, S15: Abdominal Pain, S16: Dizziness, S17: Anorexia, S18: Pharyngalgia, S19: Haemoptysis. Comorbidity Group: C1: Diabetes, C2: Hypertension, C3: Cardiovascular Disease, C4: Coronary heart disease, C5: Cerebrovascular disease, C6: COPD/Lung disease, C7: Chronic liver disease, C8: Chronic Renal disease, C9: Chronic Kidney disease, C10: Malignancy, C11: ARDS.] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-quality-assessment-of-the-selected-studies-1lr46lsh.png Table 2. Quality assessment of the selected studies. https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-and-prevention-of-thromboembolic-events-in-qif9jz41xa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-4-routine-2-dimensional-echocardiography-of-a-35-year-22l400py.png Fig. 6.4 Routine 2-dimensional echocardiography of a 35-year-old male demonstrating hypertrabecularization of the LV apex with intertrabecular recesses (see white arrows) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-1-routine-2-dimensional-echocardiography-demonstrating-3pgrrg9y.png Fig. 6.1 Routine 2-dimensional echocardiography demonstrating hypertrabecularization of the LV apex with intertrabecular recesses (see white arrows) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-5-routine-electrocardiography-demonstrating-high-3qoceln9.png Fig. 6.5 Routine electrocardiography demonstrating high frequency atrial fibrillation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-2-colour-doppler-echocardiographic-images-2cqnmgi8.png Fig. 6.2 Colour Doppler echocardiographic images demonstrating intertrabecular recesses (see white arrows) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-3-routine-electrocardiography-demonstrating-3hajlf44.png Fig. 6.3 Routine electrocardiography demonstrating normofrequent sinus rhythm without significant arrhythmia or conductance disorder https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-7-routine-electrocardiography-demonstrating-188bghfe.png Fig. 6.7 Routine electrocardiography demonstrating normofrequent sinus rhythm without significant arrhythmia or conductance disorder https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-6-routine-2-dimensional-echocardiography-demonstrating-h2ceeml8.png Fig. 6.6 Routine 2-dimensional echocardiography demonstrating hypertrabecularization of the LV apex with intertrabecular recesses https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-and-recovery-of-olfactory-dysfunction-in-1-363-4n0k6dg719 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-footnotes-abbreviations-f-m-female-male-n-number-sd-3qoecof6.png Table 1 footnotes: Abbreviations: F/M=female/male; N=number; SD=standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-footnotes-abbreviations-f-m-female-male-n-number-sd-3p4df5y2.png Table 3 footnotes: Abbreviations: F/M=female/male; N=number; SD=standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3t8rcnne.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-footnotes-abbreviations-cpk-creatin-phosphokinase-1qcg2q8c.png Table 2 footnotes: Abbreviations: CPK=creatin phosphokinase; CRP= C-reactive Protein; CT=computed tomography; COVID-19=coronavirus disease 2019; GGT=gamma-GT; GOT, GPT=transaminases; LDH=lactate dehydrogenase; ICU=intensive care unit; SD=standard deviation. https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-and-risk-factors-of-dry-eye-in-79-866-4lptzhs7pm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-associations-between-dry-eye-and-demographic-39nsf73e.png Table 3 Associations between dry eye and demographic, environmental and systemic factors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-prevalence-of-dry-eye-stratified-by-age-and-sex-women-1uya1xhc.png Fig. 1. Prevalence of dry eye stratified by age and sex (women pink, men blue). (a) dry eye as defined by the Women’s Health Study (WHS) questionnaire (either a clinical diagnosis of dry eye and/or symptoms of both dryness and irritation of the eyes ‘often’ or ‘constantly’; primary outcome); (b) diagnosis of dry eye by a clinician; (c) symptomatic dry eye (defined as ‘often’ or ‘constantly’ symptoms of dryness of the eyes; secondary outcome); (d) current use of ocular lubricants for dry eye. Error bars indicate 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-odds-ratios-of-comorbidities-and-traits-independently-3na2cc3i.png Fig. 2. Odds ratios of comorbidities and traits independently associated with dry eye. All 48 comorbodities/traits in figures above were independently associated with dry eye in a stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis, starting with 120 comorbidities/traits and age, sex and BMI. 95% confidence intervals of odds ratios are depicted by the lines. OHT = ocular hypertension; RSI = repetitive strain injury; SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-study-population-n-79866-2ew2dagx.png Table 1 Characteristics of the study population (n = 79,866). https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-and-risk-factors-for-neutralizing-antibodies-to-2qcbsu51hc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-univariable-relationship-between-anal-squamous-wwjarkxq.png TABLE 3. Univariable Relationship Between Anal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions, Anal HPV-16 and HPV-18 DNA Positivity, and Serostatus for HPV-16 and HPV-18 Among HIV-Positive MSM https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-univariable-relationship-between-sexual-behaviors-2h7lihup.png TABLE 4. Univariable Relationship Between Sexual Behaviors and Serostatus for HPV-16 and HPV-18 Among HIV-Positive MSM https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-emergence-and-factors-associated-with-a-viral-2iecmrx66m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-disease-screening-of-wild-reintroduced-and-captive-26mwzjdd.png Table 1 Disease screening of wild, reintroduced and captive WBBs populations 2000-2007, inclusive. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-new-cases-of-disease-in-captive-wbbs-as-grouped-by-13b9vvig.png Table 2. New cases of disease in captive WBBs as grouped by six-monthly age intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cummalative-probability-of-remaining-free-of-the-10v3uplv.png Figure 3 Cummalative probability of remaining free of the papillomatosis and carcinomatosis syndrome with progressive age. The probability of remaining disease free decreased with age, indicating that the risk of developing this disease increased as the individual aged. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sources-of-reintroduced-and-captive-wbb-populations-3kwr7723.png Figure 2 Sources of reintroduced and captive WBB populations, and pattern of emergence/ detection of the papillomatosis and carcinomatosis syndrome. Red highlighting indicates presence of disease. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-past-and-present-2009-populations-cl9fflg8.png Figure 1. Distribution of past and present (2009) populations of the western barred bandicoot. Arrows indicate Bernier and Dorre Islands, sites of remnant wild populations. Captive breeding and wild-reintroduced colonies are indicated as 1. Faure Island, 2. Heirisson Prong, 3. Kanyana Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre, 4. Dryandra Field Breeding Center, and 5. the Arid Recovery Project (adapted from (Richards 2005)). https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-incidence-and-risk-factors-for-helicobacter-4b589qqtyz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-chart-describing-the-participants-included-in-the-1ei3d5q6.png Fig. 1. Flow-chart describing the participants included in the analyses. *Participants without H. pylori testing had more educated parents (highest educational level achieved by any one of the parents – median number of school years: 11.0 vs. 10.0, P = 0.052), but a similar sex distribution (males: 49.8% vs. 47.3%, P = 0.258). †The participants’ i an 16 a with n ( ant di https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-of-aeromonas-hydrophila-in-fish-and-prawns-from-5d7mj3rfzi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prevalence-of-a-hydrophila-in-different-fishes-2yrbs1l8.png Table 2 Prevalence of A. hydrophila in different fishes analysed during June 1997–May 1999 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prevalence-a-hydrophila-in-the-marketed-fish-and-1xic5m8g.png Table 1 Prevalence A. hydrophila in the marketed fish and prawns during June 1997–May 1999 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-seasonal-variation-in-the-prevalence-of-a-hydrophila-2cddc0rb.png Table 3 Seasonal variation in the prevalence of A. hydrophila in fish and prawn during June 1997–May 1999 https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-location-and-characteristics-of-chronic-pain-in-58nrtc8n1a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pain-locations-at-3-months-and-1-year-after-icu-3qcxvqh8.png FIGURE 3 Pain locations at 3 months and 1 year after ICU Discharge https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relationship-between-responder-and-no-responder-on-15k5gkcw.png Table 2 Relationship between responder and no responder on clinical and demographic data https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-symptom-scores-for-patients-with-or-without-pain-w7wzxgiy.png Table 9 Symptom scores for patients with or without pain after ICU discharge https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-risk-of-experiencing-symptoms-above-cut-off-value-1ur49lqr.png Table 11 Risk of experiencing symptoms above cut-off value at 3 months and 1 year following ICU discharge in survivors who reported experiencing pain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-updated-theory-of-unpleasant-symptoms-3jqy621b.png Figure 1 The updated theory of unpleasant symptoms https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-over-study-instruments-and-when-they-were-320nf7ot.png Table 1 Overview over study instruments and when they were applied https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-social-support-comorbidity-and-pain-interferences-1vrbda9l.png Table 13 Social support, comorbidity and pain interference’s associations with HRQOL in ICU survivors https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-selected-risk-factors-for-chronic-pain-at-1-year-mzcg5hwj.png Table 7 Selected Risk Factors for Chronic Pain at 1 year Follow-up after ICU Discharge. Univariate logistic regression analyses https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-of-asymptomatic-bacteriuria-and-its-consequences-5bb2cshw9z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-hypertensive-disorders-in-pregnancy-hdp-and-12mp4vte.png Table IV: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) and premature delivery https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-comparison-of-the-proportions-of-adverse-outcomes-3r0j0ydg.png Table III: Comparison of the proportions of adverse outcomes among the asymptomatic bacteriuric and healthy mothers during pregnancy https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-causative-agents-of-bacteriuria-in-rural-pregnant-2ptmjevr.png Table 1: Causative agents of bacteriuria in rural pregnant mothers https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-of-burnout-among-swiss-cancer-clinicians-4bac70sx7z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-prevalence-of-emotional-exhaustion-depersonalisation-34o27f49.png Table 4 Prevalence of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and reduced personal accomplishment according to job characteristics’ modality among 371 Swiss cancer clinicians, paediatricians and general practitioners (2004) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-prevalence-of-psychiatric-morbidity-ghq-12-and-of-10l64d5a.png Table 3 Prevalence of psychiatric morbidity (GHQ-12) and of burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory) among 371 Swiss cancer clinicians, paediatricians and general practitioners (2004) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-socio-demographic-data-of-371-swiss-cancer-1ilonzib.png Table 1 Socio-demographic data of 371 Swiss cancer clinicians, paediatricians and general practitioners (2004) https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-of-drug-resistance-conferring-mutations-4zljs8zlhk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prisma-adapted-flow-diagram-showed-the-results-of-3aqnu2uf.png Figure 1: PRISMA –adapted flow diagram showed the results of the search and reasons for exclusion of articles. Figure.2: Frequency of RIF, INH resistance and the associated resistant gene mutations. Figure.3: The pooled prevalence of katGMUT1(S315T1) resistance among INH-resistant Mtb cases. Figure.4: Funnel plot for publication bias, PREV (prevalence) represented in the x-axis and standard error (SE) of prevalence of katGMUT1 (S315T) in the y-axis. Figure.5: The pooled prevalence of inhAMUT1(C15T) resistance among INH-resistant Mtb cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-funnel-plot-for-publication-bias-prev-prevalence-hfih2f3n.png Figure 4: Funnel plot for publication bias, PREV (prevalence) represented in the x-axis and standard error (SE) of prevalence of katGMUT1 (S315T) in the y-axis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-pooled-prevalence-of-inhamut1-c15t-resistance-3d83gp4l.png Figure 5: The pooled prevalence of inhAMUT1 (C15T) resistance among INH-resistant Mtb cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-pooled-prevalence-of-katgmut1-s315t1-resistance-2dvty6hk.png Figure 3: The pooled prevalence of katGMUT1 (S315T1) resistance among INH-resistant Mtb cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-funnel-plot-for-publication-bias-prev-prevalence-1ttbu213.png Figure 9: Funnel plot for publication bias, PREV (prevalence) represented in the x-axis and standard error (SE) of prevalence of rpoBMUT2A (H526Y) in the y-axis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-forest-plot-showing-the-pooled-prevalence-of-31naytau.png Figure 8: Forest plot showing the pooled prevalence of rpoBMUT2A (H526Y) resistance among RIF-resistant Mtb cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-forest-plot-showing-the-pooled-prevalence-of-2x7s4wm2.png Figure 6: Forest plot showing the pooled prevalence of rpoBMUT3 (S531L) resistance among RIF-resistant Mtb cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-funnel-plot-for-publication-bias-prev-prevalence-3ckc980j.png Figure 7: Funnel plot for publication bias, PREV (prevalence) represented in the x-axis and standard error (SE) of prevalence of rpoBMUT3 (S531L) in the y-axis. https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-of-gestational-diabetes-mellitus-among-indigenous-1pf6o4i2dt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-crude-prevalence-of-gdm-in-indigenous-and-non-2vd9xjuh.png Figure 3: Crude prevalence of GDM in Indigenous and non-Indigenous women by age: 1990-99 and 2000-09 https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-of-cardiovascular-risk-factors-and-concentration-4h75bkjaqc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-a-continuous-and-b-dichotomized-1wvgr7uq.png Table 2. Correlations between a) continuous and b) dichotomized psychological measures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparisons-of-baseline-parameters-average-heart-3gd1ramv.png Table 1. Comparisons of baseline parameters, average heart rate and heart rate variability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overview-of-objectives-in-akershus-sleep-apnea-3djyecdh.png Figure 3. Overview of objectives in Akershus Sleep Apnea Project, relations relevant for this thesis marked red. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-comparisons-of-the-baseline-3ibjt7g6.png Table 3. Descriptive comparisons of the baseline characteristics of the samples in the first and second inclusion (*, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.005). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-inclusion-procedure-of-akershus-sleep-apnea-project-86mzogrr.png Figure 4. Inclusion procedure of Akershus Sleep Apnea Project https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-general-model-for-the-relationship-between-3n4z6y9k.png Figure 2. A general model for the relationship between psychological factors and CVD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-flow-chart-of-participants-in-papers-i-iv-3egqt8h5.png Figure 5. Flow chart of participants in papers I-IV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multivariate-predictors-of-ventricular-arrhythmias-d11qpvvt.png Table 3. Descriptive comparisons of the baseline characteristics of the samples in the first and second inclusion (*, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.005). https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-of-mental-health-problems-during-virus-epidemics-2p2pxyo3g7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-3ahh7v8i.png TABLE 1 | Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reported-prevalence-rates-with-severity-of-mental-ig7kleqy.png TABLE 2 | Reported prevalence rates with severity of mental health problems in health care workers during and after epidemic outbreaks since 2000 in the respective countries/regions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-3bbuuyid.png TABLE 3 | Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-35fc16nu.png TABLE 2 | Reported prevalence rates with severity of mental health problems in health care workers during and after epidemic outbreaks since 2000 in the respective countries/regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prisma-flow-diagram-of-the-selection-process-of-3jtosqyh.png FIGURE 1 | PRISMA flow diagram of the selection process of studies reported on mental health problem prevalence rates during or after virus epidemics retrieved for the rapid review. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reported-prevalence-rates-with-severity-of-mental-2pxqldzf.png TABLE 3 | Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reported-prevalence-rates-with-severity-of-mental-rnihm6u1.png TABLE 1 | Continued https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-of-medication-nonadherence-to-co-medication-2gy7afrwss 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-2czw5hug.png Table 1. Sample characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-prevalence-and-comparison-of-mna-implementation-and-rx886z3h.png Table II. Prevalence and comparison of MNA, implementation and persistence phases, to immunosuppressants and co-medications. https://scispace.com/papers/preventable-variation-within-operating-rooms-information-3bs8i7zk18 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-elements-of-information-controlling-an-activity-16ztchnb.png Figure 1. Elements of information controlling an activity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-main-causes-for-the-preventable-variation-1ty30zh8.png TABLE 3. MAIN CAUSES FOR THE PREVENTABLE VARIATION https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definitions-of-the-common-iq-dimensions-used-in-2b4rqrzs.png TABLE 1. DEFINITIONS OF THE COMMON IQ DIMENSIONS USED IN LITERATURE. (ADAPTED FROM SEVERAL RESEARCH WORKS). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-the-preventable-delay-in-2f0ypteu.png TABLE 2. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF THE PREVENTABLE DELAY IN VALUE ADDED AND NON-VALUE ADDED ACTIVITIES https://scispace.com/papers/preventing-a-cluster-from-becoming-a-new-wave-in-settings-30utz4448p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameter-scenarios-examined-for-each-restriction-1ks8qzro.png Table 2 Parameter scenarios examined for each restriction level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-outbreak-probability-for-each-level-of-restrictions-2qhn9rug.png Figure 1 Outbreak probability. For each level of restrictions, the proportion of simulations where introducing an undiagnosed infection to a setting with zero transmission was contained (blue; defined as a 7-day average of 0 cases per day after 60 days), under control (orange; defines as a 7-day average of >0 but <5 diagnoses per day after 60 days), or led to an outbreak (red; defined as a 7-day average of >5 cases per day after 60 days). The error bars show the 95% binomial confidence interval for the 1000 simulations performed, reflecting uncertainty in the estimation of the probability for the given number of model runs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-outbreak-size-at-first-diagnosis-a-for-the-baseline-20rwkbv3.png Figure 4 Outbreak size at first diagnosis. (a) For the baseline scenario, the distribution across the 1000 simulations sampled, (b) Median values for each restriction level and testing/compliance combination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-number-of-new-diagnoses-day-7-day-average-after-60-if08j2am.png Figure 6 Number of new diagnoses/day (7 day average) after 60 days for each policy package, given that the outbreak was not contained (>0 diagnoses/day after 60 days, 7 day average). (a) For the baseline scenario, the distribution across the 1000 simulations sampled. (b) Median values for each restriction level and testing/compliance combination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sensitivity-analysis-for-outbreak-probability-2fqg2x6o.png Figure 2 Sensitivity analysis for outbreak probability. Probability of the outbreak reaching >5 cases/day within 60 days, for each restriction level and testing/compliance combination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-between-the-first-case-being-diagnosed-and-3hyje7nj.png Figure 5 Time between the first case being diagnosed and reaching 5 cases/day. (a) For the baseline scenario, showing the distribution across the 1000 simulations sampled. (b) Median values for each restriction level and testing/compliance combination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-to-first-diagnosis-a-for-the-baseline-scenario-3ubycobd.png Figure 3 Time to first diagnosis. (a) For the baseline scenario, the distribution across the 1000 simulations sampled. (b) Median values for each restriction level and testing/compliance combination. https://scispace.com/papers/preventing-oscillations-in-route-reflector-based-i-bgp-16ux1ztrma 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-calculated-values-for-the-number-of-messages-and-ycobhqkh.png TABLE IV CALCULATED VALUES FOR THE NUMBER OF MESSAGES AND RIB-IN ENTRIES FOR THE 3 ALGORITHMS WITH MED (WITH OSCILLATION) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-calculated-values-for-the-number-of-messages-and-3q329rr2.png TABLE III CALCULATED VALUES FOR THE NUMBER OF MESSAGES AND RIB-IN ENTRIES FOR THE 3 ALGORITHMS WITHOUT MED (NO OSCILLATION) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-appearance-of-temporary-routing-loops-solid-lines-show-5x8h8pvp.png Fig. 2. Appearance of temporary routing loops. Solid lines show the current route to the next hop router. Dotted lines are removed routes, and dashed valid but not used routes. 1 Beginning. 2 Temporary routing loop. 3 Resolved and no route to destination. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-network-structure-with-a-problem-3dc7dzjr.png Fig. 1. Network structure with a problem https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-table-of-route-reflector-rr-routing-table-rp-updates-2vmjnk3y.png TABLE I TABLE OF ROUTE REFLECTOR (RR), ROUTING TABLE (RP), UPDATES (RU), COMPUTED BEST ROUTE (BR) AND ANNOUNCED ROUTE (AR). ROUTES PRINTED IN ITALIC ARE ROUTES RECEIVED FROM THE SAME NEIGHBOR AS THE CURRENT UPDATE WAS RECEIVED. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-table-of-route-reflector-rr-routing-table-rp-1se1yu4m.png TABLE II TABLE OF ROUTE REFLECTOR(RR), ROUTING TABLE(RP), UPDATES(RU), COMPUTED BEST ROUTE(BR) AND ANNOUNCED ROUTE(AR) FOR OUR ALGORITHM. ROUTES WRITTEN IN BOLD IN COLUMN RP AND RU ARE ACTIVE ROUTES. https://scispace.com/papers/preventing-ventilator-associated-pneumonia-a-mixed-method-28z4aif5dk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-barriers-and-facilitators-identified-from-the-focus-2lid6uts.png Table 5. Barriers and Facilitators Identified From the Focus Group Interviews Mapped According to the Behavior Change Wheel Framework https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-focus-group-interview-participants-15gonvj9.png Table 4. Focus Group Interview Participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-quantitative-adherence-rates-to-vap-prevention-1muslkxa.png Table 3. Quantitative Adherence Rates to VAP Prevention Measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-links-between-components-of-the-com-b-model-of-26iafrhs.png Table 1. Links Between Components of the ‘COM-B’ Model of Behavior and Intervention Functionsa https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-semi-structured-interview-guide-3kfpxs3f.png Table 2. Semi-Structured Interview Guide https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-outline-of-self-reported-versus-measured-adherence-28ykv9qi.png Table 6. Outline of Self-Reported Versus Measured Adherence Rates, Mapped Barriers and Facilitators, and Intervention Opportunities https://scispace.com/papers/preventing-violence-and-reducing-its-impact-how-development-2jmpmnpsda 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-countries-that-have-launched-the-world-report-on-1sbj2ixg.png Figure 2.1 Countries that have launched the World report on violence and health and have a designated violence prevention focal person https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-shows-the-number-of-homicides-for-selected-2ow3vzuo.png Table 2.1 shows the number of homicides for selected municipalities for the year 2002, when the crime observatories were implemented, and the two following years. The average decrease in homicides over the three years was nearly 50%, with a significant decrease in events between 2002 and 2003. The table also details the prevention strategies used in each municipality. https://scispace.com/papers/prevention-and-treatment-of-hand-oedema-after-stroke-5fjrsehdmx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-patient-characteristics-3lhty058.png Table 2. Patient characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-incidence-and-duration-of-hand-oedema-3jslxax7.png Table 3. Incidence and duration of hand oedema. https://scispace.com/papers/prevention-incentives-in-long-term-insurance-contracts-53b2kuopro 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-income-profile-without-insurance-23r9ho3k.png Figure 1: Income profile without insurance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-second-period-premiums-and-the-concavity-convexity-1f3qsfwx.png Figure 4: Second-period premiums and the concavity/convexity of 1/u′ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ph-p-1-p-0-2-jcrdqtm0.png Figure 8: ϕ ∆p = 1, p = 0, 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ph-p-1-p-0-9-3ain02rb.png Figure 7: ϕ ∆p = 1, p = 0, 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-ph-p-10-p-0-9-22c2engg.png Figure 9: ϕ ∆p = 10, p = 0, 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-changes-in-preferences-in-the-case-of-crra-utility-1i3l7p1e.png Figure 5: Changes in preferences in the case of CRRA utility functions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-timing-of-the-game-34655sdi.png Figure 2: Timing of the game https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-income-profile-under-the-insurance-contract-2gxud4o1.png Figure 3: The income profile under the insurance contract https://scispace.com/papers/prevention-of-marine-biofouling-using-the-natural-3lpivczdl3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effects-of-1-22-at-5-ug-ml-on-the-settlement-of-b-2vjjqivy.png Figure 3. Effects of 1-22 at 5 µg/mL on the settlement of B. improvisus cyprid larvae presented as percentages of settled (dark gray columns) and dead cyprids (light gray columns) and given as means ± standard error (n = 4). Remaining larvae were free swimming. DMSO (0.1%, v/v) in filtered seawater was used as the negative control “0”. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lactuca-sativa-seedling-root-elongation-inhibition-g6x20825.png Table 1. Lactuca sativa Seedling Root Elongation Inhibition by Compounds 1-13 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mica-in-ug-ml-of-batatasin-iii-1-and-analogues-il191rrr.png Table 3. MICa (in µg/mL) of Batatasin-III (1) and Analogues Against the Growth of Marine Bacteriab https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-graphical-representation-of-the-correlation-between-7qdwr7p5.png Figure 4. Graphical representation of the correlation between hydrophobicity (CLogP), inhibition of cyprid settlement (IC50) and cyprid toxicity for the studied compounds. Inactive compounds with IC50- values >5 µg/mL have all been given an inhibitory value of “5”. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-biofouling-microorganisms-included-in-the-present-i30fx8ki.png Table 6. Biofouling Microorganisms Included in the Present Study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-batatasin-iii-1-and-synthetic-1jycqdgy.png Figure 1. Structure of batatasin-III (1) and synthetic dihydrostilbene derivatives 2-22 included in the present study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-metamorphosis-inhibition-of-c-savignyi-larvae-lnbutz5v.png Figure 5. Metamorphosis inhibition of C savignyi larvae exposed to 5, 9 and 20. Inhibition of metamorphosis is relative to corresponding blank controls and values are means (n = 3) ± standard error. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mica-in-ug-ml-of-batatasin-iii-1-and-analogues-36690bms.png Table 2. MICa (in µg/mL) of Batatasin-III (1) and Analogues Against the Adhesion (A) and Growth (G) of Microalgae https://scispace.com/papers/prevention-of-myocardial-fibrosis-by-n-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-3u6idyvy4z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-panel-a-b-1jixnl2l.png Figure 4, panel A, B https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-panel-a-2rta8gj9.png Figure 2, panel A. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-panel-a-oepge0mu.png Figure 3, panel A. https://scispace.com/papers/prevention-of-secondary-caries-using-silver-diamine-fluoride-udna992820 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ftir-spectra-of-dentine-at-the-material-root-wbrd745g.png Figure 5 FTIR spectra of dentine at the material-root junction 457 458 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sdf-treatment-and-restorative-materials-on-amide-i-1hr5padt.png Figure 6 SDF treatment and restorative materials on amide I: HPO42- 461 462 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-micro-ct-images-of-the-4-groups-440-441-3lyjglz1.png Figure 2 Micro-CT images of the 4 groups 440 441 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sdf-treatment-and-restorative-materials-on-outer-1ldzzlst.png Fig 3 SDF treatment and restorative materials on outer lesion depth 445 446 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-of-the-study-406-1ulwk671.png Figure 1 Flow chart of the study 406 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-line-scan-images-of-elemental-profile-of-dentine-at-2akp1hbt.png Figure 4 Line-scan images of elemental profile of dentine at the material-root junction 449 (a) Conventional GIC restoration 450 (b) SDF treatment and conventional GIC restoration 451 (c) CPP-ACP modified GIC restoration 452 (d) SDF treatment and CPP-ACP modified GIC restoration. 453 454 https://scispace.com/papers/prevention-of-seroma-formation-after-axillary-dissection-in-49g1pu2irt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-risk-factors-per-level-of-evidence-14mnom0t.png Table 1 Risk factors per level of evidence https://scispace.com/papers/prevention-of-unintended-appearance-in-photos-based-on-human-4pnoym6d5l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-body-25-human-skeleton-estimation-model-2qpywi1g.png Figure 2. “BODY_25” human skeleton estimation model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-obtained-datasets-from-experiments-106z77ih.png Table 3. The obtained datasets from experiments https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dp-scores-obtained-from-the-case-where-p1-was-used-srtr9569.png Table 4. DP scores obtained from the case where P1 was used as the reference data (Reference data: P1, Input data: P2, P3, …, P7 and N1, …, N3) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-average-dp-score-for-each-behavior-obtained-from-3rkev6ks.png Figure 16. Average DP score for each behavior obtained from the results in Table 4 (Reference data: P1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correspondence-between-joint-position-and-body-part-1vg021e6.png Table 2. Correspondence between joint position and body part https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-calculation-of-the-arms-length-and-angle-of-the-2u7wq72t.png Figure 4. Calculation of the arm’s length and angle of the bending arm. (a) Calculation of the arm’s length from two coordinates by using the distance between two points 𝐾𝑃𝑛 and 𝐾𝑃𝑚. This method is applied to calculate the length of ①, ②, ④, ⑤ in Table 2; (b) Calculation of the angle of the bending arm from three coordinates which are indexed by ③, ⑥ in Table 2 by using the inner product. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-experimental-environment-where-photographed-person-31oevolq.png Figure 7. Experimental environment where photographed person records the video of the photographer, while the photographer is performing either photo-taking behavior or net-surfing behavior with a smartphone. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proposed-algorithm-1f9qfcfa.png Table 1. proposed algorithm https://scispace.com/papers/prevention-of-sulphide-accumulation-and-phosphate-4cpe7e1042 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relationship-between-the-temperature-of-the-water-3067g7td.png Fig. 3 Relationship between the temperature of the water layer (measured 1 cm above the sediment surface) and the sulphide levels in sediment pore water of the control enclosures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-growth-of-poltimo-cum-ncutifoiius-in-two-iron-167ewk70.png Table 2 Growth of Poltimo$cUm ncutifoiius in two iron-treated (A and B) and two control (C and (D) enclosures in 'do Bruuk https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-shows-some-important-sediment-character-the-30p17nie.png Table 1 shows some important sediment character- the enclosures were to be located. Subsamples were https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-some-sediment-characteristics-of-the-ditch-where-the-19qrkadl.png Table 1 shows some important sediment character- the enclosures were to be located. Subsamples were https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-some-important-chemical-and-physical-characteristics-307xouuh.png Fig. 2 Some important chemical and physical characteristics of the water layer and sediment in iron(II)-treated and control enclosures. All concentrations in ^mol H except pH, redox potential (mV)y temperature (°C) and alkalinity (meq H ). Vertical bars represent SD. n = 4 for the water layer and n ~ 8 for the sediment. * indicates the moment at which four of the enclosured were https://scispace.com/papers/preventive-maintenance-and-replacement-policies-for-5bpp0206d9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-machine-state-space-diagram-305pit72.png Fig. 1: Machine state-space diagram https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-repair-replacement-policy-316pgkfz.png Fig. 5 Repair/replacement policy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-model-implementation-diagram-24j072uh.png Fig. 13 Model implementation diagram https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-numerical-example-2ko4d94n.png Table 1. Parameters of the numerical example https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-repair-time-after-preventive-maintenance-lje4okgk.png Fig. 2 Mean repair time after preventive maintenance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-preventive-maintenance-policy-1zfngxci.png Fig. 6 Preventive maintenance policy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-boundary-of-the-preventive-maintenance-policy-1mleomhi.png Fig. 7 Boundary of the preventive maintenance policy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-repair-replacement-policy-for-several-values-of-the-9xck3tbg.png Fig. 11 Repair/replacement policy for several values of the reduction factor https://scispace.com/papers/preventive-strategies-for-mental-health-rday040db8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-key-examples-of-primary-preventive-interventions-in-3s5wlkhs.png Table 2: Key examples of primary preventive interventions in mental health https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definitions-of-preventive-interventions-in-mental-1naajg7u.png Table 1: Definitions of preventive interventions in mental health https://scispace.com/papers/price-competition-and-reputation-in-credence-goods-markets-2c3fuqd61l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-types-of-equilibria-considered-91bgnshy.png Table 2: Types of equilibria considered. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-percentage-of-overcharging-in-periods-1-9-3m6kb8ld.png Table 8: Percentage of overcharging in periods 1 9. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-e-ciency-in-periods-1-9-hqq5kk6p.png Table 6: E ciency in periods 1 9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-rate-of-undertreatment-per-market-and-2066b5jt.png Figure 2: Average rate of undertreatment per market and condition in periods 1 9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-car-repair-shop-rating-at-google-maps-source-https-3czgysoa.png Figure 9: Car repair shop rating at Google Maps. Source: https://plus.google.com/109459300714062123468/about?gl=US&hl=en accessed on July 18, 2012. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-average-rate-of-overcharging-for-each-condition-2pliippk.png Figure 8: Average rate of overcharging for each condition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-random-e-ects-panel-regressions-on-overcharging-in-3cutqpoq.png Table 11: Random-e ects panel regressions on overcharging in periods 1 9. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-average-payo-per-condition-in-periods-1-16-17fj3msg.png Table 10: Average payo per condition in periods 1-16. https://scispace.com/papers/price-discovery-and-volatility-a-theoretical-approach-4ryfxhfhg1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-transitionary-volatility-3cj3qxw6.png Figure 2: Transitionary Volatility https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-normal-volatility-3l55l8pp.png Figure 1: Normal Volatility https://scispace.com/papers/price-discovery-in-stock-and-options-markets-3dgedy988d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-options-market-price-discovery-around-sec-insider-13j1tw4t.png Table 5. Options market price discovery around SEC insider trading prosecutions https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-relation-between-options-price-discovery-shares-and-2gvoutc4.png Table 10. Relation between options price discovery shares and price adjustments following disagreement events https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-options-market-price-discovery-shares-through-time-2qs3ejn6.png Figure 2. Options market price discovery shares through time https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-options-market-price-discovery-during-price-onupq4aa.png Table 7. Options market price discovery during price-sensitive news releases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cross-correlations-of-stock-and-options-returns-3elirfae.png Figure 1. Cross-correlations of stock and options returns https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-determinants-of-price-discovery-3qyshl07.png Table 8. Determinants of price discovery https://scispace.com/papers/price-dynamics-in-the-bangladesh-rice-market-implications-4r7g5740oo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-private-sector-storage-18qh1qn4.png Table 1 Private sector storage https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cost-of-reducing-price-variability-under-price-ceiling-26odk4mw.png Fig. 2. Cost of reducing price variability under price ceiling policy, for two price ceilings (1 050 and 1120 taka per 100 g). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-cost-of-achieving-the-price-ceiling-for-two-3bidps5i.png Fig. 3. The cost of achieving the price ceiling, for two different price ceilings (1050 and 1120 taka per 100 g). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-storage-and-trade-2fe60n7l.png Table 4 Storage and trade https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-impact-of-private-storage-on-market-stability-juvixglk.png Fig. 1. Impact of private storage on market stability. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-price-variability-in-open-economy-compared-to-closed-1ge5e8pl.png Fig. 5. Price variability in open economy compared to closed economy. https://scispace.com/papers/price-dynamics-in-international-wheat-markets-2ibct0b80k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-granger-b10ckwise-f-statistics-july-1975-through-31hut3hn.png Table 2. Granger B10ckwise F-Statistics, July 1975 through December 1986. Variable Causing Dependent Variable Dependent Variable SDR Canada U.S. Australia Argentina Rotterdam Japan Shipping SDR 123.12 1. 27 0.95 0.08 0.92 0.67 2.27 0.59 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-international-wheat-price-impulse-responses-to-one-eqnfk9tx.png Figure 2. International Wheat Price Impulse Responses to One Standard Deviation Shocks in https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-contemporaneous-correlation-coefficients-of-3fy4rc69.png Table 1. Contemporaneous Correlation Coefficients of Residuals for VAR System, July 1975 through December 1986. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-international-wheat-price-impulse-responses-to-one-5889a8yf.png Figure 1. International Wheat Price Impulse Responses to One Standard Deviation Shocks in https://scispace.com/papers/price-effects-on-compound-commodities-302gaxe367 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effects-of-an-increase-in-the-relative-price-q1-q2-1-v020ga9s.png Fig. 1. Effects of an increase in the relative price q1/q2 (> 1) on the compensated demand (x∗1, x ∗ 2) https://scispace.com/papers/price-elasticity-of-demand-for-buprenorphine-naloxone-3fhqk12iii 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distribution-of-the-price-index-of-buprenorphine-27on6iwg.png Fig. 2. Distribution of the price index of buprenorphine/naloxone prescriptions across employer-plans. Notes: The bottom, middle, and top of the box represent the first quartile, median, and third quartile, respectively. The lower and upper whiskers represent the local minimum and local maximum, excluding outliers, and can be used to interpret the range of the data. Data Source: IBM Market Scan® Commercial Claims and Encounters Database, Q1 2011–Q2 2015. The price index for Q1 2011 was weighted by generic and brand utilization patterns in Q4 2010. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-trends-in-price-filling-behavior-and-generic-use-of-3k3eab4o.png Fig. 1. Trends in price, filling behavior, and generic use of buprenorphine/naloxone prescriptions across employer-plans. Data Source: IBM Market Scan® Commercial Claims and Encounters Database, Q1 2011–Q2 2015. The price index for Q1 2011 was weighted by generic and brand utilization patterns in Q4 2010. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-enrollees-who-filled-a-298fo1lz.png Table 1 Baseline characteristics of enrollees who filled a buprenorphine/naloxone prescription and filling behavior over the study period. Data Source: IBM Market Scan® Commercial Claims and Encounters Database, Q1 2011–Q2 2015. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-price-elasticity-of-demand-of-buprenorphine-naloxone-33vkccq7.png Fig. 3. Price elasticity of demand of buprenorphine/ naloxone prescriptions. Abbreviations: HMO, health maintenance organization; PPO, preferred provider organization; POS, point of service; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index. Note: The estimate for enrollees individuals aged 12–17 years is not shown because of small sample size and wide confidence intervals. Models adjusted for region, rural location, income quartile of the location of the patient's residence, plan type, the CCI (unless stratified on that variable), and the price of non-pharmacotherapy opioids. Models included fixed effects for the enrollee and time (calendar quarter). Data Source: IBM Market Scan® Commercial Claims and Encounters Database, Q1 2011–Q2 2015. The price index for Q1 2011 was weighted by generic and brand utilization patterns in Q4 2010. https://scispace.com/papers/price-overreactions-in-the-cryptocurrency-market-5dtrrzkirs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-2-statement-fragment-336p04in.png Table D.2: Statement (fragment) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-trading-results-for-strategy-1-and-2-case-of-bitcoin-1ddts433.png Table 6: Trading results for Strategy 1 and 2, case of Bitcoin https://scispace.com/figures/figure-d-1-equity-dynamics-29h9ozu2.png Figure D.1: Equity dynamics https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-1-overall-statistics-2etx0kpm.png Table D.1: Overall statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-overreactions-detected-in-bitcoin-prices-1c8ehc7c.png Table 1: Number of overreactions detected in Bitcoin prices during 2013-2017 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-t-test-of-the-counter-reactions-after-the-2bacanxp.png Table A.2: T-test of the counter-reactions after the overreaction day for the BitCoin prices during 2013-2017: case of averaging period 30, 40 and 50 days https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-3-mann-whitney-u-test-of-hypothesis-1-averaging-3t9e38dc.png Table B.3: Mann–Whitney U test of Hypothesis 1 (averaging period = 30, number of standard deviations used to detect overreaction = 1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-2-anova-test-of-hypothesis-1-averaging-period-30-3si5hpvt.png Table B.2: ANOVA test of Hypothesis 1 (averaging period = 30, number of standard deviations used to detect overreaction = 1) https://scispace.com/papers/price-sensitivity-of-demand-for-prescription-drugs-2sx3bw9pz7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-2gjjiyw0.png TABLE 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-subsidy-scheme-2000-2003-eus15bvs.png TABLE 1 THE SUBSIDY SCHEME 2000 – 2003 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13a-2nfglgha.png FIGURE 13a https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-variables-in-the-data-set-p6lv93nb.png TABLE 4 VARIABLES IN THE DATA SET https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4a-distribution-of-number-of-children-around-50-riewwlok.png FIGURE 4a DISTRIBUTION OF NUMBER OF CHILDREN AROUND 50% SUBSIDY KINK https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5a-distribution-of-labor-income-around-50-subsidy-3h7dntgi.png FIGURE 5a DISTRIBUTION OF LABOR INCOME AROUND 50% SUBSIDY KINK https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-treatment-effect-and-implied-elasticities-1qj3wucy.png TABLE 13 TREATMENT EFFECT AND IMPLIED ELASTICITIES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6a-distribution-of-degree-of-unemployment-around-50-1uqgtpsx.png FIGURE 6a DISTRIBUTION OF DEGREE OF UNEMPLOYMENT AROUND 50% SUBSIDY KINK https://scispace.com/papers/pricing-and-hedging-basket-options-with-exact-moment-485oe544k2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-over-different-option-scenarios-1e1afj63.png Table 2: Comparison over different option scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-specification-of-the-basket-option-scenarios-in-20y6gh91.png Table 1: Specification of the basket option scenarios in Borovkova et al. (2007) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-locus-of-skewness-kurtosis-pairs-of-xt-eq-4-5-2j6ibtlt.png Figure 1: The locus of skewness-kurtosis pairs of XT , eq. (4.5), for which the proposed approximation (4.4) is feasible when m = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-calibration-of-single-stock-european-options-2ll8uzlh.png Figure 2: Calibration of single-stock European options. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-delta-hedging-comparison-for-a-june-expire-wti-16meuxoc.png Figure 4: Delta-Hedging comparison for a June-expire WTI-Brent futures spread option from 20th January 2016 when the option price is 0.81$ to 11th February 2016 when the option price is 0.95$. Market data from Bloomberg. The underlying spread price is described in the lower graph. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-approximated-vs-true-densities-37q14uo2.png Figure 3: Approximated vs. true densities. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-delta-hedging-performance-comparison-3x2p86jm.png Table 5: Delta-hedging performance comparison https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pricing-performance-comparison-set-1-negative-3k6e9ypd.png Table 3: Pricing performance comparison: Set 1 (negative average jump-sizes) https://scispace.com/papers/price-trust-evaluation-in-e-service-oriented-applications-53py5ddfze 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pt-when-dp-0-4suwur11.png Figure 2. PT when δp ≤ 0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-price-trust-in-study-4-r-0-5-l-0-05-94af9l6r.png Figure 12. Price trust in Study 4 (ρ = 0.5, λ = 0.05) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-price-trust-in-study-2-r-0-9-l-0-05-22ivfmw0.png Figure 6. Price trust in Study 2 (ρ = 0.9, λ = 0.05) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-study-2-358kxomm.png Table 1. Study 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-study-3-1awcn42o.png Table 2. Study 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-price-trust-in-study-2-r-0-8-l-0-05-yll1ykn4.png Figure 5. Price trust in Study 2 (ρ = 0.8, λ = 0.05) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pt-when-dp-0-z1xhbxls.png Figure 1. PT when δp ≥ 0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-price-frequency-in-study-2-from-ebay-35928a83.png Figure 4. Price frequency in Study 2 (from eBay) https://scispace.com/papers/pricing-in-competitive-two-sided-mail-markets-4qocly3rqh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-postal-operator-profit-per-customer-2zehdekg.png Figure 3: Postal operator profit per customer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mail-volumes-2miy8k6q.png Figure 4: Mail volumes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-pricing-structures-in-two-sided-markets-3ce06ncj.png Table 1: Overview of pricing structures in two-sided markets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optimal-pricing-structure-depending-on-18dlpsrc.png Figure 2: Optimal pricing structure depending on interconnection rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-outline-22y18cd4.png Figure 1: Model outline https://scispace.com/papers/pricing-for-utility-driven-resource-management-and-26f6sxpydz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-impact-of-increasing-estimation-error-for-estimated-3ctf4vmv.png Fig. 5. Impact of increasing estimation error for estimated execution time EEi. A higher dynamic pricing factor for Libra+$ provides a higher level of tolerance against estimation errors for both Job QoS Satisfaction and Cluster Profitability. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-impact-of-increasing-dynamic-pricing-factor-an-2tzpo77n.png Fig. 4. Impact of increasing dynamic pricing factor . An increasing for Libra+$ results in decreasing Job QoS Satisfaction, but increasing Cluster Profitability. The cluster owner can adjust the value of to determine the level of sharing for the cluster. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-architectural-framework-for-a-utility-driven-cluster-1m328b37.png Fig. 1. Architectural framework for a utility-driven cluster RMS. The Economy-based Admission Control mechanism determines whether a job submitted into the cluster should be accepted or rejected and feedback to the user. If accepted, the Economy-based Resource Allocation mechanism determines the best computation node to execute the job. The Job Control mechanism then enforces the resource allocation to ensure that the required utility is achieved. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-impact-of-increasing-job-execution-time-an-increasing-kcg3iolv.png Fig. 3. Impact of increasing job execution time. An increasing mean job execution time results in both Libra and Libra+$ to have significantly higher Job QoS Satisfaction and Cluster Profitability over FCFS. Libra+$ generates increasing Cluster Profitability for decreasing Job QoS Satisfaction, demonstrating the effectiveness of its pricing function in improving the economic benefit of the cluster owner. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-normalized-comparison-of-fcfs-libra-and-libra-both-1aebii1j.png Fig. 2. Normalized comparison of FCFS, Libra, and Libra+$. Both Libra and Libra+$ achieve a substantially higher Job QoS Satisfaction and Cluster Profitability than FCFS. Similarly, both Libra and Libra+$ have a significantly lower Average Waiting and Response Time than FCFS. This shows the importance of considering and enforcing required QoS of each job. https://scispace.com/papers/pricing-liquidity-risk-with-heterogeneous-investment-b05j8gdeit 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-estimation-results-regime-switching-model-1x8vmr61.png Table III Estimation results: Regime-switching model https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-benchmark-estimation-results-illiquidity-sorted-22wdg5n2.png Table II Benchmark estimation results: Illiquidity-sorted portfolios https://scispace.com/papers/pricing-of-reinsurance-contracts-in-the-presence-of-36f69m3ft3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-catastrophe-bond-prices-under-gamma-22-severity-and-l-2yhp2okn.png Fig. 2. Catastrophe bond prices under gamma(2,2) severity and λ = 2 claims frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-aggregate-xl-prices-under-gamma-22-severity-and-l-2-1mb70l3w.png Fig. 1. Aggregate XL prices under Gamma(2,2) severity and λ = 2 claims frequency. converges quickly and accurately. https://scispace.com/papers/pricing-of-traffic-light-options-and-other-correlation-16b2dio85c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-here-the-correlation-between-the-stock-index-and-the-3o72b1dj.png Fig. 4. Here the correlation between the stock index and the LIBOR rates as in equation (19) is depicted with = = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-here-the-correlations-between-the-libor-rates-are-2l7hoyl9.png Fig. 3. Here the correlations between the LIBOR rates are illustrated for = 0:1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-instantaneous-libor-rate-volatility-as-a-function-1dtpf0eu.png Fig. 2. The instantaneous LIBOR rate volatility as a function of Ti t. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-trac-c-light-option-prices-100-for-various-parameter-2c1555iv.png Table 2 Tra¢ c light option prices 100 for various parameter values of the instantaneous correlation and time to maturity. The rest of the parameters are set to: S0 = S = 100; Ln (0) = L = 0:04; = 0:5; s = 0:2 and the LIBOR rate volatility as in Figure 2. The initial term structure is assumed at. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-payout-of-the-trac-c-light-option-with-s-100-and-l-1503kzcf.png Fig. 1. The payout of the Tra¢ c Light Option with S = 100 and L = 0:04. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-here-the-parameter-values-are-s-100-l-0-04-tn-1-3-0-5-3g2uobt4.png Fig. 5. Here the parameter values are S = 100, L = 0:04, Tn+1 = 3, = 0:5, s = = 0:2 and the term structure is assumed at equal to the intial LIBOR rate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-trac-c-light-option-price-as-a-function-of-the-c1751tdp.png Fig. 6. The tra¢ c light option price as a function of the correlation with S0 = 100, Ln (0) = 0:04, S = 100, L = 0:04, Tn+1 = 3, s = = 0:2 and B (0; Tn+1) = 0:8890. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-value-of-the-hybrid-derivative-as-a-function-of-10m03nch.png Fig. 7. The value of the hybrid derivative as a function of and . The parameters are: S0 = 100; = 12 ; = 1 4 ; s = 0:2; = 0:1, the LIBOR rate volatilities as in Figure 2 and the initial term structure is assumed at with all the LIBOR rates equal to 0:04. https://scispace.com/papers/priestley-duality-for-bilattices-17lwglgzuy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bilattices-and-their-t-lattice-reducts-3brmnxea.png Table 1. Bilattices and their t-lattice reducts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-some-examples-of-pre-bilattices-3guiglfg.png Figure 1. Some examples of (pre-)bilattices https://scispace.com/papers/primal-dual-approximation-algorithms-for-the-prize-iydfd4gyg2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-an-instance-of-the-pcst-b-the-solution-produced-2cl1vaxe.png Figure 3: (a) An instance of the PCST. (b) The solution produced by the JMP algorithm when ρ > 0. Its cost is 4. (c) The optimum solution, consisting of vertex u alone, has cost 2 + ρ. (d) A similar instance of arbitrary size consists of a long path. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-the-dark-edges-indicate-the-solution-produced-by-3do6atby.png Figure 2: (a) The dark edges indicate the solution produced by the GW-UnrootedGrowth algorithm, a solution of cost 2(n− 1). (b) The only dark edge indicates the optimum solution, whose cost is n+ ρ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-connected-graph-t-and-a-laminar-collection-of-3ekwfvda.png Figure 1: A connected graph T and a laminar collection of sets whose union contains VT . The thick line encloses the set S in the proof of Lemma 2.1. The dotted lines represent the collection D, the dashed ones together with set S represent C and the solid ones represent B. https://scispace.com/papers/primary-brain-tumours-and-specific-serum-immunoglobulin-e-a-4s86vvrgd4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-glioma-meningioma-and-schwannoma-2eztqjx7.png Table 1 Description of glioma, meningioma and schwannoma cases and controls in respect to age, specific IgE categories, gender, education and smoking status. Case–control study nested into the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort (EPIC) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-adjusted-odds-ratios-or-and-95-confidence-intervals-1ga5ii9p.png Table 3 Adjusted* odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for schwannoma and specific IgE categories. Case–control study nested into the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort (EPIC) https://scispace.com/papers/primary-family-caregivers-reasons-for-disclosing-versus-not-4t07b8n6n3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-interview-topics-and-sample-questions-3saogx0b.png Table 2. Interview Topics and Sample Questions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-frequency-of-reasons-for-not-disclosing-by-group-3j4kzwhs.png Table 4. Frequency of Reasons for Not Disclosing by Group https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-caregivers-and-patients-characteristics-e3pk3dtp.png Table 1. Caregivers’ and Patients’ Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-frequency-of-reasons-for-disclosing-by-group-w28g43pd.png Table 3. Frequency of Reasons for Disclosing by Group https://scispace.com/papers/primary-school-teachers-conceptions-of-creativity-in-2l41vpf4id 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-interaction-of-four-clusters-of-teachers-3gk4yodl.png Figure 2. Interaction of four clusters of teachers’ conceptions of creativity in EFL (adapted from Newton, L. & Beverton, 2012). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-most-common-descriptions-of-creativity-in-the-efl-34xjj16n.png Table 1. Most common descriptions of creativity in the EFL classroom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-each-aspect-of-constraints-27lymofm.png Figure 3. Illustration of each aspect of constraints. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2r3y6xb8.png Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-examples-of-four-general-clusters-of-conceptions-of-y3ncs7w3.png Table 2. Examples of four general clusters of conceptions of creativity in the EFL classroom. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-examples-of-four-main-challenges-in-encouraging-1q7966rh.png Table 3. https://scispace.com/papers/primary-side-sensing-for-a-flyback-converter-in-both-723gil7i6l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-circuit-diagram-of-a-flyback-converter-with-primary-38ta8cmw.png Fig. 1: Circuit diagram of a flyback converter with primary-side sensing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-typical-waveform-of-the-sensing-voltage-and-currents-3se1449k.png Fig. 2: Typical waveform of the sensing voltage and currents in a flyback converter, where I2r = N2 N1 I2 is the secondary current referred to the primary side and Ts represents the switching period. The switch is on for qsw = 1 and is off when qsw = 0 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-block-diagram-of-a-knee-point-detector-circuit-bapeo6cc.png Fig. 4: Block diagram of a knee-point detector circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-detailed-model-of-a-flyback-transformer-taking-into-3atq9s7h.png Fig. 5: A detailed model of a flyback transformer taking into account the frequency dependent effect of leakage inductance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-transformer-model-parameters-1r3za5c6.png Table 1: Transformer model parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-block-diagram-of-a-flyback-converter-with-primary-side-3f094avd.png Fig. 6: Block diagram of a flyback converter with primary-side sensing and gain scheduling current mode control. https://scispace.com/papers/priming-children-s-and-adults-analogical-problem-solutions-1nxuqirgub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-proportion-and-standard-error-of-solution-rates-1qu7v69i.png Table 1. Mean proportion and standard error of solution rates according to age and priming. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-proportion-and-standard-error-rates-of-1shmtbe7.png Figure 1. Mean proportion and standard error rates of solution times according to age and type of solution. https://scispace.com/papers/priming-host-city-physical-legacy-plans-the-bidding-2lrn65hzm5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gamboa-olympic-village-authors-own-photographs-dw6wvuub.png Figure 4. Gamboa Olympic village (author’s own photographs). https://scispace.com/papers/priming-effect-of-figures-that-represent-external-objects-or-3bfrstdeu7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stimuli-used-as-primes-and-targets-two-types-of-2jnswilf.png Figure 1. Stimuli used as primes and targets. Two types of instructions (“They represent a hand” or “They represent a flower”) were given to classify the figures according to their laterality (right or left) and view (palmar/dorsal for the hand and front/back for the flower). Figure laterality was defined by the asymmetrical petal. In the Hand group, this petal represented a thumb. In the Flower group, the front view of the five-petal daisy was defined as its canonical view, which should be used for response selection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-combinations-of-a-specific-prime-back-view-of-a-3blsepy3.png Figure 2. Combinations of a specific prime (back view of a right daisy on the left) and the four possible targets (from top to bottom: back view of a right daisy, front view of a right daisy, back view of a left daisy, and front view of a left daisy). Pressing the right switch was the correct response for the two upper conditions (right hand or flower), and pressing the left switch was the correct response for the two lower conditions (left hand or flower). All of the possible combinations resulted in 16 pairs of primes and targets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-target-view-on-mrt-ms-in-the-hand-group-3ampi0y9.png Figure 4. Effect of target view on MRT (ms) in the Hand group. MRT was shorter for drawings that represented the dorsal view of the hand than for drawings that represented the palmar view of the hand. Vertical bars represent the standard error of mean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-view-on-mrt-ms-in-the-flower-group-the-2gf5mfk8.png Figure 5. Effect of view on MRT (ms) in the Flower group. The MRT for deciding about the laterality of a flower seen from its back was longer than for a flower seen from its front. The front view was the canonical view that was used to decide flower laterality, and differences in MRT between the views may be due to the time spent rotating the back view to the canonical view. Vertical bars represent the standard error of mean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-priming-effect-due-to-prime-target-compatibility-in-3j4yitar.png Figure 3. Priming effect due to prime-target compatibility in the Hand group. The MRT was shorter when prime and target had the same laterality (compatible condition) than when their laterality differed (incompatible condition). This effect occurred both for physically identical drawings (same laterality and view) and when the prime and target had opposite views (same laterality but different views). Vertical bars represent the standard error of mean. https://scispace.com/papers/primitive-chain-network-simulations-for-comb-branched-deb6vu9lws 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-masubuchi-et-al-sxw7oxyk.png Figure 2 Masubuchi et al https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-masubuchi-et-al-16i09f3b.png Figure 3 Masubuchi et al https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-masubuchi-et-al-2fc5zi74.png Figure 7 Masubuchi et al https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-masubuchi-et-al-3l1zq6xm.png Figure 6 Masubuchi et al https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-masubuchi-et-al-efqb2l26.png Figure 5 Masubuchi et al https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-masubuchi-et-al-3md5phsz.png Figure 4 Masubuchi et al https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-masubuchi-et-al-1xgnrfab.png Figure 1 Masubuchi et al https://scispace.com/papers/priming-in-interpersonal-contexts-implications-for-affect-u0eugmusy9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-moderated-mediation-model-of-the-effect-of-hoodie-3tutc7pe.png Figure 3. Moderated mediation model of the effect of hoodie priming on seating distance, with anxiety as mediator and focus of attention as moderator *p < .05. **p < .01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-seating-distance-cm-following-hoodie-versus-6nxhoezj.png Figure 2. Average seating distance (cm) following hoodie versus neutral priming under self-focus versus other-focus (top), and average ratings of anxiety and anger as a function of priming and focus of attention (bottom): Experiment 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-seating-distance-cm-following-hoodie-versus-1k3cogud.png Figure 1. Average seating distance (cm) following hoodie versus neutral priming: Experiments 1 and 2 https://scispace.com/papers/priming-issue-ownership-and-party-support-the-electoral-3s0p8khn3z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ownership-of-the-media-agenda-denmark-1984-2003-31qojx0q.png Fig. 1. Ownership of the media agenda, Denmark 1984-2003. Percentage of issues in the news owned by the bourgeois and Social Democratic blocs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-predicted-change-in-vote-intention-for-bloc-in-office-2191802l.png Fig 5. Predicted change in vote intention for bloc in office when news saliency changes for owned and opponent-owned issues https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-predicted-change-in-vote-intention-for-bloc-in-3ml5l1sw.png Fig 4. Predicted change in vote intention for bloc in opposition when news saliency changes for owned and opponent-owned issues https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-predicted-change-in-vote-intention-bloc-support-when-3aokbpyd.png Fig 3. Predicted change in vote intention (bloc support) when news saliency changes for owned and opponent-owned issues https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-vote-intention-percentages-for-social-democratic-and-293h1b4c.png Fig. 2. Vote intention (percentages) for Social Democratic and bourgeois blocs, Denmark 1984-2003 https://scispace.com/papers/priming-with-human-chorionic-gonadotropin-before-retrieval-2uaarbq9i5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-in-vitro-maturation-and-fertilization-of-t8wwt81m.png TABLE 1. RESULTS OF IN VITRO MATURATION AND FERTILIZATION OF OOCYTES FOLLOWED BY EMBRYO TRANSFER IN 20 WOMEN WITH THE POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME.* https://scispace.com/papers/primordial-earth-mantle-heterogeneity-caused-by-the-moon-5er0m41a6u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-oxygen-isotopic-composition-of-all-reservoirs-hwvjt7mh.png Figure 4. Oxygen isotopic composition of all reservoirs involved in the collision. Using the compositional profiles predicted by our models, we calculate the compositions of the lower-mantle layer, Theia, and proto-Earth based on those of the accessible present-day mantle and Moon (Herwartz et al. 2014). Panel (a) shows the allowedD O17 difference between Theia and the proto-Earth for runs 5 (blue) and 13 (red) as a function of the mass of the reservoir that remains unmixed with the accessible mantle. The shaded regions/error bars correspond to 1σ SEM uncertainty (Herwartz et al. 2014). Panel (b) shows the estimatedD O17 for all reservoirs and all runs (Table 1) assuming that no mixing occurs in the Earth’s mantle across R (i.e., mass of the unmixed reservoir is ∼50% of that of the mantle). For example, Theia’s oxygen isotopic composition could have been up to 54 ppm higher than that of the proto-Earth for run 13, simultaneously resulting in an isotopic difference between the accessible and lower mantle of 7 ppm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-phase-diagram-entropy-vs-density-scatter-plot-1wsz5ynz.png Figure 9. The phase diagram (entropy vs. density scatter plot) of the target’s core in run 13 at t=0, 0.35, and 2.48 hr from left to right. The red curves show the iron solidus. The vertical dash lines indicate the maximum density at t=0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-idealized-model-to-estimate-the-maximum-possible-2sefqpjj.png Figure 1. An idealized model to estimate the maximum possible penetration depth of impactor’s silicates in the post-impact target. The figure shows the specific angular momentum ( j), which must not decrease with radius to avoid rotational instability, of different components of the target and impactor; note the masses of different components are not drawn to scale. The target’s silicates that can be placed outside the impactor’s silicates are less than those lying inside the impactor’s silicates, thus the impactor’s silicates cannot penetrate half the target mantle for an impact with γ<0.15. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-between-mfm-and-standard-sph-simulation-2j2tdj7x.png Figure 5. Comparison between MFM and standard SPH simulation of run 13 in Table 1. (a) and (b) show the material distribution in the post-impact target in the SPH and MFM run, respectively. Compared to MFM, impactor materials tend to be enhanced near the planet’s surface and near to top of the core in SPH, and nearly absent in the deep mantle and core (Deng et al. 2019b). (c) The entropy profile for both methods. The entropy jump in the mantle is sharper for MFM than for SPH. In the MFM simulations, the entropy drop in the core is explained by transfer of energy due to the phase transition at the core-mantle boundary (Deng et al. 2019b; Figure 6). (d) The mass fraction of materials from the target is plotted as a function of the normalized enclosed mass. Mixing of impactor material with the deep target mantle and core is more efficient for MFM than for SPH. For a detailed discussion in terms of the comparison of both approaches, we refer the reader to Deng et al. (2019b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-model-results-as-a-function-of-initial-condition-2swz1bux.png Figure 8. Model results as a function of initial condition. The upper and lower panels shows the final entropy and compositional profiles, respectively, for run 13 (blue), and an analogous case with a higher initial entropy target (1400 J kg−1 K−1 for iron and 3200 J kg−1 K−1 for dunite) (red). In the case with an initially hotter target, the entropy jump in the mantle is slightly less sharp than for run 13. However, the compositional profile is robust, remaining virtually unchanged. The disk mass and angular momentum also remain robust with differences <2%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-and-results-of-impact-simulations-1s0ttr2g.png Table 1 Parameters and Results of Impact Simulations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-difference-of-the-thermal-state-in-mfm-and-sph-yl3xo7bn.png Figure 6. Difference of the thermal state in MFM and SPH simulations of run 13 (hit-and-run). We show snapshots of the SPH and MFM comparison run at 7.08 hr. There is a clear separation between the core and mantle in the SPH simulation due to numeric issues (Deng et al. 2019b); the temperature difference across the coremantle boundary can be larger than 10,000 K(see also Reufer et al. 2012). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-thermal-and-compositional-state-of-the-post-r7wzquxx.png Figure 2. The thermal and compositional state of the post-impact target. The upper and lower panels display the entropy and compositional profiles, respectively, at different model times for run 13. After 40 hr, the post-impact target already has reached a stable state. This result confirms that our approach of performing the analysis at 40 hr after the impact is reliable. https://scispace.com/papers/principal-component-analysis-anomaly-detector-for-rotor-451quzh150 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-q-statistic-monitored-online-uy9uyheq.png Fig. 9. The Q statistic monitored online https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ideal-normal-operation-the-three-currents-depicted-pdqas71h.png Fig. 1. Ideal normal operation. The three currents depicted separately and as part of the multivariate input. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fully-broken-rotor-bar-cases-for-three-phase-3dsul2oc.png Fig. 4. Fully broken rotor bar cases for three phase asynchronous motor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-partial-broken-rotor-bars-cases-for-three-phase-77tutf97.png Fig. 3. Partial broken rotor bars cases for three phase asynchronous motor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-setup-for-evaluating-the-broken-bar-fault-209r2v8b.png Fig. 2. Experimental setup for evaluating the broken bar fault detection https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-detection-results-for-the-six-sigma-threshold-w5ojvtjy.png Fig. 8. Detection results for the six sigma threshold https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-periodogram-power-spectral-density-estimate-for-2im9qslw.png Fig. 10. Periodogram Power Spectral Density Estimate for healthy and faulty cases https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-detection-results-for-the-six-sigma-threshold-3so6kdw0.png TABLE III DETECTION RESULTS FOR THE SIX SIGMA THRESHOLD https://scispace.com/papers/principal-sequence-pattern-analysis-a-new-approach-to-3wnrwvs9py 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-explained-variance-and-accumulated-variance-for-the-3mnrtx7n.png Table I. Explained variance (%) and accumulated variance (%) for the first 14 components yielded by the PCA (traditional PCA with T-mode approach), by the PSPA, by the EOF analysis, i.e. S-mode approach, using correlation input matrix, and by the EEOF analysis (with correlation input matrix) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-first-ps-patterns-corresponding-to-the-first-f02nhocv.png Figure 2. (a) First PS patterns corresponding to the first column of the Zs matrix. (b) Real 33rd sequence of surface fields including days 33–37. The isolines are plotted every 40 gpm. (c) Component loadings values for the 33rd sequence and the first ten PS patterns (i.e. f33, k with k between 1 and 10) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-first-three-pc-loading-time-series-a-b-c-showing-3415aimv.png Figure 5. First three PC loading time series (a, b, c), showing the traditional PCA T-mode approach (dotted line: pc), and PSPA (solid line: ps). These values also are the correlation coefficients between each of the three PC patterns and each of the original variables for both methods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-the-first-three-pc-scores-patterns-obtained-by-180ytjia.png Figure 8. (a) The first three PC scores patterns obtained by the traditional PCA in T-mode approach (with correlation input matrix). (b) The first three PC loadings patterns (EOFs) obtained by the traditional EOF analysis (S-mode approach with correlation input matrix) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-eighth-ps-corresponding-to-the-eighth-column-of-20nt7w77.png Figure 7. (a) Eighth PS corresponding to the eighth column of the Zs matrix. (b) Real sequence of surface fields for days 212–216. The isolines are plotted every 40 gpm. (c) Component loadings values for the 212nd sequence and the first ten PS patterns (i.e. f212, k with k between 1 and 10) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-second-ps-patterns-corresponding-to-the-second-1jfqvzw1.png Figure 3. (a) Second PS patterns corresponding to the second column of the Zs matrix. (b) Real 97th sequence of surface fields for days 97–101. The isolines are plotted every 40 gpm. (c) Component loadings values for the 97th sequence and the first ten PS patterns (i.e. f97, k with k between 1 and 10) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-grid-showing-the-178-locations-spaced-uniformly-3huw87ad.png Figure 1. Grid showing the 178 locations spaced uniformly over southern South America and the adjoined oceans https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-first-three-pc-loadings-sequence-or-eeofs-a-b-c-j833pc3f.png Figure 10. First three PC loadings sequence or EEOFs (a, b, c) obtained by EEOF analysis with correlation input matrix https://scispace.com/papers/principal-component-analysis-as-a-tool-for-characterizing-3a3tbwgwvd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-snapshots-from-a-simple-model-of-a-gaussian-2cvc0p3z.png Figure 1. Example snapshots from a simple model of a Gaussian spot moving on a circular path. Here the red circle indicates the approximate trajectory of the center of the Gaussian spot. The linear scale of the image is arbitrary. We present PCA analysis of realistic GRMHD simulations later in the paper, but this simple example is useful for understanding how PCA decomposition of the simulations work. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-first-four-components-of-the-pca-decomposition-of-1rw09abx.png Figure 2. First four components of the PCA decomposition of the Gaussian spot moving on the circular path shown in Figure 1. The eigenvalues which correspond to these four components are shown in the top left-hand of each panel, respectively. Note that in this figure, and in all figures of principal components in the rest of the paper, each component has been normalized independently so that the fluxes cannot be compared between different components. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-left-panel-shows-a-typical-snapshot-from-model-b-1sz7g0kx.png Figure 8. Left panel shows a typical snapshot from Model B. The three right panels show the same snapshot from Model B but reconstructed using only the first 10, 40, and 100 components from the PCA decomposition. The reconstruction using only the first 10 components smooths over the fine scale structure but faithfully reproduces the overall brightness distribution of the full image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-visibility-amplitudes-top-row-and-visibility-phases-iq34g6u7.png Figure 7. Visibility amplitudes (top row) and visibility phases (bottom row) of the first four components of the PCA decomposition of Model B (cf. the top row of Figure 5). Higher components contribute significantly at increasingly longer baselines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-spectra-of-pca-eigenvalues-for-ensembles-of-images-2qwohsfk.png Figure 16. Spectra of PCA eigenvalues for ensembles of images with isotropic red noise and for different values of the power-law index α; the remaining parameters are the same as in Figure 13. For comparison, the eigenvalue spectra of the GRMHD models B, C, and D are also included in the black, blue, and red dashed lines, respectively. The power-law slope of the eigenvalue spectrum after the break depends strongly on α. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-examples-of-images-with-different-realizations-of-2trdzjq2.png Figure 14. Examples of images with different realizations of red noise with the isotropic power spectrum shown in Figure 13 and random phase fluctuations. As expected for α=5/3, most of the power is at scales ;1/qmin. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-spectra-of-pca-eigenvalues-for-ensembles-of-images-247741wp.png Figure 15. Spectra of PCA eigenvalues for ensembles of images with isotropic red noise and for different values of the parameter qmin; the remaining parameters are the same as in Figure 13. For lower values of qmin the dominant scale of the structures in the images is larger and fewer PCA components are required to reproduce the majority of structure in the images. The filled circles on each curve indicate the number of PCA components that are equal to the approximate number of different noise structures that can fit in the image; i.e., where the number of components is equal to L q2 min 2 , where L is the size of the image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-blue-curve-the-spectrum-of-eigenvalues-for-the-pca-1577a3ob.png Figure 3. Blue curve: the spectrum of eigenvalues for the PCA decomposition of the Gaussian spot shown in Figure 1; the eigenvalues have been normalized to sum up to 100%. The step-like features in this spectrum are present because the high degree of symmetry in this model causes the principal components to come in pairs with very similar eigenvalues (see the second and third panels of Figure 2). Magenta curve: the cumulative sum of the eigenvalues. Note that only the first ∼40 of the 1080 components are shown and that the first 10 components contain 88% of the structural information. https://scispace.com/papers/principal-component-of-explained-variance-an-efficient-and-2e0qrpuktj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-methylation-sequencing-data-analysis-of-the-blk-2ydm41eb.png Figure 6: Methylation sequencing data: analysis of the BLK region. (a) Analysis using local linear regression: each curve represents the average loess smooth methylation predictions over cell types. (b) VIP (unsigned) measures for each CpG site. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-the-gene-based-pcev-approach-without-3l48evwm.png Figure 7: Comparison of the gene-based PCEV approach (without block) with a univariate analysis. Red lines correspond to significance threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-power-of-pcev-scenario-1-3bqoo0td.png Figure 2: Power of PCEV: scenario 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-power-of-pcev-scenario-2-1hwtdpcf.png Figure 3: Power of PCEV: scenario 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-used-for-the-simulations-p-represents-the-242k7ld9.png Table 1: Parameters used for the simulations. p represents the dimension of the outcome vector Y; ρw and ρb represent the within-block and between-block correlation in the simulated outcomes (with ρb < ρw); h 2 represents the heritability of each outcome associated with X. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-power-of-pcev-scenario-3-1jiwbpbd.png Figure 4: Power of PCEV: scenario 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-pcev-variable-importance-measures-versus-univariate-1qy5nadf.png Figure 9: PCEV variable importance measures versus univariate p-values (negative log scale) for the association between amyloid-beta accumulation and disease status. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-p-values-for-the-joint-association-between-amyloid-37a9sc1m.png Table 2: P-values for the joint association between amyloid-beta accumulation and disease status. Permutation tests were performed using 100,000 permutations. https://scispace.com/papers/principal-slope-estimation-at-sar-building-layovers-1dq26ya7bb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-three-dimensional-view-of-the-southern-eastern-part-of-2zd9ckvt.png Fig. 3. Three dimensional view of the southern-eastern part of the map (Apple Maps c©). An exemplary estimation result is highlighted at the bottom. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-principal-slope-for-the-detected-buildings-a-9xn6gmt6.png Fig. 2. Principal slope for the detected buildings. A segmentation on the detected map and a conventional MUSIC algorithm is used to detect the dominant frequency for detected buildings having a minimum range and azimuth support of 15 and 10 samples. The color scale is at the top. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-minimum-range-support-nminlay-for-a-80-wall-2l73hlyx.png Table 1. THE MINIMUM RANGE SUPPORT nminlay FOR A 80% WALL WEIGHT AND A 20% GROUND WEIGHT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-interferometric-signal-model-for-a-building-layover-c4fjimf4.png Fig. 1. Interferometric signal model for a building layover pixel. R1 is the slant range distance between the satellite and the ground scatterer A1, similarly for the wall scatterer (R2, A2) and the roof scatterer (R3,A3). R0 is the master distance between the satellite and the three scatterers. https://scispace.com/papers/principal-eigenvalue-minimization-for-an-elliptic-problem-fumbjrnmyy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-evolution-of-m-and-its-corresponding-rst-32q7cuyn.png Figure 2. The evolution of m and its corresponding rst eigenfunction for β = 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-evolution-of-m-and-its-corresponding-rst-31op9czc.png Figure 3. The evolution of m and its corresponding rst eigenfunction for β = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mixed-robin-neumann-conditions-with-b-10-the-nrpfiqjt.png Figure 6. Mixed Robin-Neumann conditions with β = 10: the initial con guration is m(x, y) = 1 for {(x, y)|x < 0.4 + 0.15 sin(4πy)} and m(x, y) = −1 otherwise. The con gurations of m(x, y) at iterations 0, 1, 3, and 21 and the corresponding principal eigenvalue at di erent iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mixed-robin-neumann-conditions-with-b-1-the-initial-1ifsc9mv.png Figure 5. Mixed Robin-Neumann conditions with β = 1: the initial con guration is m(x, y) = 1 for {(x, y)|x < 0.4 + 0.15 sin(4πy)} and m(x, y) = −1 otherwise. The con gurations of m(x, y) at iterations 0, 1, 30, and 70 and the corresponding principal eigenvalue at di erent iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-mixed-robin-neumann-conditions-with-b-0-1-the-3br9259h.png Figure 10. Mixed Robin-Neumann conditions with β = 0.1: the initial con gurations are (a1) m(x, y) = 1 for {(x, y)|x < 0.4 + 0.15 sin(4πy)} and m(x, y) = −1 otherwise, (b1) m(x, y) = 1 for {(x, y)|x < 0.4 + 0.3 sin(4πy)} and m(x, y) = −1 otherwise, (c1) m(x, y) = 1 for {(x, y)|x > 0.6 + 0.3 sin(4πy)} and m(x, y) = −1 otherwise, and (d1) m(x, y) = 1 for {(x, y)|x < 0.5, y > 0.2} and m(x, y) = −1 otherwise. The con gurations of optimal m(x, y) are shown in (a2), (b2), (c2), and (d2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-mixed-robin-neumann-conditions-with-b-10-the-cnsbb0pd.png Figure 9. Mixed Robin-Neumann conditions with β = 10: the initial con guration is m(x, y) = 1 for {(x, y)|x < 0.25+0.15 sin(4πy)} and m(x, y) = −1 otherwise. The con gurations of m(x, y) at iterations 0, 1, 2, and 41 and the corresponding principal eigenvalue at di erent iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-robin-boundary-condition-with-b-0-1-the-initial-24ple2r9.png Figure 11. Robin boundary condition with β = 0.1: the initial con guration is m(x, y) = 1 for {(x, y)|x < 0.4 + 0.15 sin(4πy)} and m(x, y) = −1 otherwise. The con gurations of m(x, y) at iterations 0, 1, 2, and 34 and the corresponding principal eigenvalue at di erent iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mixed-robin-neumann-conditions-with-b-0-1-the-1zqg0l3o.png Figure 4. Mixed Robin-Neumann conditions with β = 0.1: the initial conguration ism(x, y) = 1 for {(x, y)|x < 0.4+0.15 sin(4πy)} andm(x, y) = −1 otherwise. The con gurations of m(x, y) at iterations 0, 1, 2, and 47 and the corresponding principal eigenvalue at di erent iterations. https://scispace.com/papers/principles-of-stratigraphy-by-amadeus-w-grabau-1roy2tab21 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-a-diagrammatic-cross-section-of-the-pacific-ocean-15ausags.png Fig. 16. (a) Diagrammatic cross-section of the Pacific Ocean near lat. 20° S., showing two fore-deeps, the Tonga and the Atacama. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-52-irregularities-in-sedimentary-contact-of-basal-3jjw6r8z.png Fig. 52. Irregularities in sedimentary contact, of basal Palaeozoic sandstones on pre-Cambric granite in Williams Canyon, Colorado. The general character of the contact is a sharp and, for the most part, very smooth one. (After Crosby.) The granite mass is part of an abyssolith. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-diagram-illustrating-progress-of-changes-of-climate-2d4thgk1.png Fig. 15. Diagram illustrating progress of changes of climate during geologic time. (After Huntington.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-32-diagrams-to-illustrate-wave-form-and-its-change-with-25r4je4i.png Fig. 32. Diagrams to illustrate wave form, and its change with change in size of orbit, strength of wind, etc. The heavy arrows indicate the wind direction and the direction of wave-form advance. The smaller (curved) arrows indicate the movements of the water particles. (Original.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-202-unconformity-at-siccar-point-scotland-a-a-ordovicic-3mge8wzs.png Fig. 202. Unconformity at Siccar Point, Scotland, a a, Ordovicic strata, d, d, d, Old Red Sandstone. (After Lyell.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-two-cross-sections-of-the-marian-trench-a-fore-deep-1d9dnph6.png Fig. 17. Two cross-sections of the Marian Trench, a fore-deep in the western Pacific. The upper is east from Guam, and passes through the Nero Deep, 9,636 meters. The lower is east from Medinilla, and passes through lesser deeps, north of the preceding, and also shows a "ridge" east of the trench. (After Kriimmel.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-92-section-of-the-schlern-massif-showing-the-cuv7bd2z.png Fig. 92. Section of the Schlern-massif, showing the relationship of the dolomite "reef rock" to the bedded formations, South Tyrol. (After Mojsisovics.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-41-ideal-section-of-the-holmes-bysmalith-after-iddings-35waao8h.png Fig. 41. Ideal section of the Holmes Bysmalith (after Iddings). https://scispace.com/papers/principles-of-clinical-epidemiology-51yalf5x5w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2-the-relation-between-outcome-measures-of-vxkfrxoo.png Table 1.2 The relation between outcome, measures of association, study design, and statistical methods https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1-steps-in-designing-clinical-epidemiological-research-3gmb03np.png Fig. 1.1 Steps in designing clinical epidemiological research. https://scispace.com/papers/prioritising-topics-for-the-undergraduate-ent-curriculum-1dn4bvgezi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-themes-and-associated-codes-19028v7i.png Table I: Themes and associated codes https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-ranking-of-ent-topics-positive-rating-represents-26tukccm.png Table III: Ranking of ENT topics. Positive rating represents the proportion that rated a topic/method as either “very important” or “quite useful”. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-how-participants-rated-different-ent-topics-numbers-zgav31om.png Table II: How participants rated different ENT topics (Numbers indicate the number of participants rating a topic in that category, with percentages in brackets) https://scispace.com/papers/prioritization-based-on-neutral-genetic-diversity-may-fail-25xzee5cj8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-breeds-and-traits-analysed-each-column-represents-1giz42gr.png Table 1 Breeds and traits analysed. Each column represents the pairing of a performance study with genetic distance data, with the names of the breeds considered https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-numbers-of-correlations-obtained-for-each-group-of-30272hbi.png Figure 1 Numbers of correlations obtained for each group of traits, with the genetic distancing methods tabulated on the x-axis. , significant positive; , non-significant; , significant negative. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-significant-correlations-pearsons-r-between-pairwise-2359hyr7.png Table 3 Significant correlations (Pearson’s r) between pairwise genetic distances (Ds) and phenotypic differences: preweaning traits. ‘Direct’ and ‘maternal’ refer to direct and maternal effects, respectively. p: see caption for Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/prioritizing-covariates-in-the-planning-of-future-studies-in-2y88shpp3v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-impact-of-sample-size-of-the-new-replication-to-3erlqngo.png Figure 2: The impact of sample size of the new replication to expected scientific impact measured by ∆E(β). The prior inclusion probability was set at π00 = 10 −6. The genes for which ∆E(β) < 0.01 even for sample size 200,000 are not displayed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-application-of-covariate-prioritization-in-design-of-1ur3g9r0.png Table 1: Application of covariate prioritization in design of a new replication study on genetic variants associated with CRP. Effect sizes estimated from the discovery panel and from the replication panel are presented for the 17 loci that were associated with CRP in the discovery panel (Dehghan et al., 2011). Estimated β represents oneunit change in the natural log-transformed CRP (mg/L) per copy increment in the coded allele. The frequentist criteria measure the expected scientific impact for the new replication by conditional power (CP), change of pvalue (∆log(p)), change of lower confidence limit (LCL) and Kullback-Leibler (KL) criterion (8) multiplied by 1000. ∆ log(p) would be negative if β < δk and is not reported. A result with superscript ∗ indicates that the gene belongs to category I. The Bayesian criteria include difference between prior and posterior expectation (10) ∆E(β) and BF and BFDR analyses where 1–1 indicates category I, 1–0 indicates category II and 0–0 indicates category III. The highest expected scientific impacts according to each criteria are bolded. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sensitivity-of-bfdr-analysis-as-a-function-of-prior-3a2oogy3.png Figure 1: Sensitivity of BFDR analysis as a function of prior probability of non-zero effect size. The solid line indicates that the SNP should be included in the new replication analysis for the given prior probability. The dotted line indicates that it is not necessary to include the SNP in the new replication analysis because the existing results are already conclusive. The absence of a line indicates that the gene should not be included in the replication because it is unlikely that a non-zero posterior effect could be found in the meta-analysis after the new study. https://scispace.com/papers/priority-conservation-areas-for-birds-in-el-salvador-zzvs5t4txn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-ten-largest-el-salvador-protected-areas-include-5qw0gu86.png Table 1. The ten largest El Salvador protected areas include eight principal habitat types, totaling 11,310 ha (0.54% of El Salvador). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ranking-area-priorities-by-singleton-threatened-2wq7h7a7.png Fig. 2. Ranking area priorities by singleton threatened species, but not by all threatened species, matched ranking by complementarity (for the top five ranks). Singleton species are those that occur at a single protected area. (Key: B = Barra de Santiago W. R., C = Cerro Cacahuatique W. R., D = Deininger N. P., E = El Imposible N. P., J = Laguna El Jocotal W. R., L = Bosque Las Lajas W. R., M = Montecristo N. P., N = Bosque Nancuchiname W. R., S = San Diego y La Barra W. R., V = Santa Ana Volcano (N. P.).) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ten-protected-areas-in-el-salvador-for-which-3pl6qj7i.png Fig. 1. Ten protected areas in El Salvador for which reasonably complete information about bird populations was available. These are also the ten largest protected areas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-both-richness-of-threatened-species-and-the-presence-ife9rt7e.png Table 2. Both richness of threatened species and the presence of singleton threatened species indicated that the two largest national parks are the most important conservation areas in El Salvador. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-el-salvadors-18-regionally-endemic-qpm0s8kc.png Table 3. Distribution of El Salvador’s 18 regionally endemic bird species. Fifteen breed in Montecristo National Park, more than in any other protected area (1 = present, 0 = absent, bold indicates present in only one area) https://scispace.com/papers/prioritizing-ecosystem-service-protection-and-conservation-jrw7o6rytg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-choice-question-3bw8da7o.png Figure 1. Example Choice Question https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relative-abundance-of-forest-characteristics-in-the-2e03519w.png Table 3. Relative Abundance of Forest Characteristics in the Red Hills Region https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-stratification-y6wpq4dx.png Table 1. Sample Stratification https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-coefficient-estimates-and-standard-errors-from-2pwbogg2.png Table 7. Coefficient Estimates and Standard Errors from Multinomial Logit Regression Results of the Base Model and Extended Model 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-map-of-potential-conservation-priorities-without-3o3pkzkp.png Figure 3. Map of Potential Conservation Priorities without (top) and with (bottom) Incorporation of Stated Preferences https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-map-of-the-red-hills-region-2pd320ph.png Figure 2. Map of the Red Hills Region https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-demographic-characteristics-of-respondents-by-county-17pavazd.png Table 6. Demographic Characteristics of Respondents by County https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-respondent-preferences-related-to-forest-management-2zp1vrnv.png Table 5. Respondent Preferences Related to Forest Management by County https://scispace.com/papers/priority-effects-and-non-hierarchical-competition-shape-2qlymzcmcb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-initial-conditions-on-the-outcome-of-e13ak42k.png Figure 3: Effect of initial conditions on the outcome of competition. Estimated probability of persistence (Psurv) of each species (colored points and lines) as a function of initial density of each species in the simulation (x-axis). Points represent the proportion of simulations resulting in persistence that were initialized at the corresponding density, while loess curves (and gray uncertainty envelopes) were fit with the function geom smooth in ggplot. (Abbreviations: perennial native species (S. pulchra (SP), E. glaucus (EG)), annual exotic species (A. barbata (AB), B. hordeaceus (BH), and B. diandrus (BD))). Priority effects occur when the probability of persistence depends strongly on initial density. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-exotic-annuals-on-invasion-dynamics-a-c-gudfj4sq.png Figure 4: Effect of exotic annuals on invasion dynamics. A-C correspond to a single set of parameter estimates sampled from the posterior distribution. A: EG invades at t = 100, and is able to establish and eventually replace SP . B: EG invades at t = 100, and is able to establish and gradually replace SP. BD invades at t = 220, and coexists with SP, reversing the invasion of EG and preventing EG and BH from invading in the future. C: EG invades at t = 100, and is able to establish and gradually replace SP. BH invades at t = 220, and out-competes both perennials. BD cannot invade due to the priority effect between BD and BH. Units on the y-axis correspond to population sizes relative to monoculture density (Abbreviations: perennial native species (S. pulchra (SP), E. glaucus (EG)), annual exotic speices (B. hordeaceus (BH), and B. diandrus (BD))). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-strength-of-pairwise-competition-inferred-from-the-1pwbf10o.png Figure 1: Strength of pairwise competition inferred from the growth rates of invaders introduced at low density to established monocultures of residents. A: log of growth rate when rare (GRWR) – log(GRWR)> 0 is the invasion criterion. Larger positive values (darker yellow/orange) represent high niche overlap, while darker purple represents less overlap. B: shows the proportional difference in each species growth rate in the presence of the resident species as compared to its growth rate in the absence of competition. p. (Abbreviations: perennial native species (S. pulchra (SP), E. glaucus (EG)), annual exotic species (A. barbata (AB), B. hordeaceus (BH), and B. diandrus (BD))). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptions-of-parameters-and-variables-that-are-qdszi9ft.png Table 1: Descriptions of parameters and variables that are relevant to our population dynamic model. Where not otherwise specified, j subscript refers to species j. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-proportion-of-outcomes-in-which-a-given-species-g8s9t38t.png Figure 2: The proportion of outcomes in which a given species or species combination persisted after 600 generations in the population dynamic model. Each replicate represents a single sample from the posterior distribution of the model parameters, and initial competitor densities from a randomly sampled transect from among the set of transects that we measured. The x-axis corresponds to the number of species (s) that persisted over 600 simulated years, while the y-axis corresponds to the proportion of replicates (Ps) that resulted in this outcome. Each bar is subdivided into the specific set of species that were observed to have log(GRWR)> 0 for a particular parameter set and transect sample. All compositions that occurred in under 1% of replicates are grouped into a single color. A: results from a model that includes foliar fungal infection but not BFOD; B: results from the model that includes both foliar fungal infection and BFOD. (Abbreviations: perennial native species (S. pulchra (SP), E. glaucus (EG)), annual exotic species (A. barbata (AB), B. hordeaceus (BH), and B. diandrus (BD))). https://scispace.com/papers/priority-organic-pollutants-in-the-urban-water-cycle-3qbysnf5n3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-analytical-methods-for-xenobiotics-2yot5hbt.png Table 3 | Analytical methods for xenobiotics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-sampling-sites-11a81mgu.png Figure 1 | Location of sampling sites. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-continued-1qsggqig.png Table 4 | continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sampling-dates-and-precipitation-in-mm-of-rain-1j2pe6qh.png Table 2 | Sampling dates and precipitation (in mm of rain) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-statistical-data-for-xenobiotic-levels-in-run-off-14k8e3ed.png Table 4 | continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-mean-levels-and-occurrence-oc-of-priority-substances-zjtm2cbv.png Table 6 | Mean levels and occurrence (Oc.) of priority substances in run-off, ground, rain and roof collected waters and treated wastewaters and EQS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-square-cosines-for-all-variables-in-a-2t59vezn.png Figure 4 | The square cosines for all variables in (a) components F1 and F2 and (b) components F1 and F3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reported-concentrations-of-organic-pollutants-in-1cestsbe.png Table 1 | Reported concentrations of organic pollutants in waters https://scispace.com/papers/prisma-extension-for-scoping-reviews-prisma-scr-checklist-53qupltibg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prisma-scr-checklist-419-420-1bnmbos5.png Table 1: PRISMA-ScR Checklist 419 420 https://scispace.com/papers/prism-signal-processing-for-sensor-condition-monitoring-15zvxeam05 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-500-hz-component-separated-using-dynamic-notch-1j89sh8g.png Fig. 11. 500 Hz component separated using Dynamic Notch Filtering https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-frequency-tracking-on-500-hz-component-f3lihm58.png Fig. 14. Frequency tracking on 500 Hz component https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-1100-hz-component-separated-using-dynamic-notch-2iklooso.png Fig. 12. 1100 Hz component separated using Dynamic Notch Filtering https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-simulated-input-signal-with-three-components-14gdv9se.png Fig. 10. Simulated input signal with three components https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-1400-hz-component-separated-using-dynamic-notch-3jx5loke.png Fig. 13. 1400 Hz component separated using Dynamic Notch Filtering https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-amplitude-tracking-on-500-hz-component-3kzpicy2.png Fig. 15. Amplitude tracking on 500 Hz component https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pressure-transducer-structure-and-finite-element-model-3w4w8xjv.png Fig. 1. Pressure transducer structure and finite-element model (from [9]) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-noisy-signal-snr-30-db-and-its-reconstruction-using-mwfcpvmi.png Fig. 3. Noisy signal (SNR = 30 dB) and its reconstruction using modified Prony method, Fs=3800 Hz (from [10]) https://scispace.com/papers/prisoner-of-war-dynamics-explains-the-time-dependent-pattern-4bffox603c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-the-pow-transformed-time-calibrated-phylogeny-27qo3mzw.png Figure 3: (a) The PoW-transformed time-calibrated phylogeny represents a maximum clade credibility tree inferred for the SARS-CoV-2 sarbecovirus lineage based on the non-recombinant alignment 3 (NRA3)49 which includes SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 viruses in humans among other closely related bat and pangolin viruses. An ultrametric tree was first estimated in the Bayesian phylogenetic framework under a strict clock assumption and a JC69 substitution model assuming a fixed substitution rate equal to 1 (branch lengths are in units of substitutions per site) using BEAST software platform (v.1.10)52. Then the branch lengths (along with their corresponding 95% HPD) are rescaled according to the PoW transformation. The two insets show magnified parts of the tree where SARS-CoV-1 (blue) and SARS-CoV-2 (red) are located. (b) Shows the divergence time estimates for SARS-CoV-2 and 2002- 2003 SARS-CoV from their most closely related viruses according to a standard substitution model49 (black) and the PoW-transformed phylogeny using the consensus posterior rate centred around https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-the-pow-transformed-time-calibrated-phylogeny-8gt5oel0.png Figure 2: (a) The PoW-transformed time-calibrated phylogeny represents a maximum clade credibility tree inferred for HCV (including all its 8 genotypes). An ultrametric tree was first estimated in the Bayesian phylogenetic framework under a strict clock assumption and a JC69 substitution model assuming a fixed substitution rate equal to 1 (branch lengths are in units of substitutions per site) using BEAST software platform (v.1.10)52. Then the branch lengths (along with their corresponding 95% HPD) are rescaled according to the PoW transformation. The two insets show magnified parts of the tree where genotypes 5, 6, 7, and 8 along with their subtypes (i.e. a and b) and nearest within-genotype variants (e.g. MH940291/-/2015 is a variant within genotype 7a) are highlighted. (b) Compares the estimated divergence time for a pair of HCV sequences as a function of their inferred genetic distance (ranging from 1% to 37%) using a standard JC69 substitution model with an estimated distance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-distribution-of-the-fraction-of-sites-per-rate-ov5oi5ra.png Figure 1: (a) Distribution of the fraction of sites per rate group according to the PoW model. A fraction of sites, i m , belonging to rate group i (evolving at rate i ), is an exponentially distributed number with parameter . The rate groups are equally spaced on a log-scale from the slowest (with fixed value), 9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-mean-and-maximum-substitution-rate-ssy-2li5ltgj.png Table 1: Estimated mean and maximum substitution rate SSY according to the PoW model across 6 viral groups. Parentheses correspond to 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/papers/privacy-and-missing-persons-after-natural-disasters-1bxv51k8qk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-american-red-crosss-safe-and-well-website-3tanflah.png Figure 2. The American Red Cross’s Safe and Well website, available at https://safeandwell.communityos.org. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-icrc-family-links-service-available-at-http-214jceoj.png Figure 1. The ICRC Family Links service, available at http://familylinks.icrc.org. https://scispace.com/papers/privacy-and-security-of-connected-vehicles-in-intelligent-4xkhzjutyb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hierarchical-architecture-of-its-gqjhm0rd.png Fig. 1. Hierarchical architecture of ITS. https://scispace.com/papers/privacy-enhanced-data-outsourcing-in-the-cloud-4yzn25wbkv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-first-phase-2xaxs2uv.png Figure 4: The first phase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-data-outsourcing-model-3ejjds8r.png Figure 2: The data outsourcing model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-take-n-3-as-an-example-1gwn4xll.png Figure 7: Take n = 3 as an example. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-key-derivation-tree-with-multiple-branches-3m73w03q.png Figure 6: A key derivation tree with multiple branches. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-second-process-v6vcwhvq.png Figure 5: The second process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cloud-computing-and-data-outsourcing-1tzr7iio.png Figure 1: Cloud Computing and Data Outsourcing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-key-derivation-hierarchy-rysx0luv.png Figure 3: Key derivation hierarchy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-expanding-to-m-branch-n-tuple-hierarchy-1zzmxyqp.png Figure 8: Expanding to M-Branch N-Tuple Hierarchy. https://scispace.com/papers/privacy-in-electronic-commerce-and-the-economics-of-39df34gkmp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fictional-expected-payoffs-from-joining-loyalty-2wge9ks8.png Table 1: (Fictional) expected payoffs from joining loyalty program. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fictional-costs-of-protecting-privacy-and-expected-lpihvay8.png Table 2: (Fictional) costs of protecting privacy and expected costs of privacy intrusions over time. https://scispace.com/papers/privacy-enhanced-participatory-sensing-with-collusion-5awtwxzxwx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-generic-pepsico-instantiation-piibe-based-on-an-ibe-3nluhe6u.png Fig. 3. Generic PEPSICo instantiation PIIBE based on an IBE scheme E and a PRF f . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-space-requirements-of-pepsi-15-and-our-1mw0a9wb.png Table 2. Comparison of space requirements of PEPSI [15] and our PIBF and PIAIBE schemes (cf. Sections 6.1 and 6.2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pepsi-scheme-as-proposed-by-de-cristofaro-and-soriente-ilrn9k78.png Fig. 1. PEPSI scheme as proposed by De Cristofaro and Soriente [15,17,16]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-computation-and-communication-overhead-15smdpbw.png Table 1. Comparison of computation and communication overhead of PEPSI [15] and our PIBF and PIAIBE schemes (cf. Sections 6.1 and 6.2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-pepsico-infrastructure-mobile-nodes-mns-and-1qbscvxg.png Fig. 2. The PEPSICo infrastructure. Mobile nodes (MNs) and queriers (Qs) register to the registration authority (RA). MNs report data to the service provider (SP), queriers subscribe for reports at the SP. The SP may aggregate multiple reports and sends reports matching with subscriptions to the according querier, which decodes them. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pepsico-instantiation-with-data-aggregation-piaibe-u6to9gq7.png Fig. 4. PEPSICo instantiation with data aggregation PIAIBE based on the AIBE scheme and a pseudorandom function f . https://scispace.com/papers/privacy-policies-over-time-curation-and-analysis-of-a-4a6jyaqlok 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-number-of-homepage-snapshots-and-privacy-3riiahj1.png Figure 3: The number of homepage snapshots and privacy policies for each interval. Note that each bar represents one interval and there are two intervals per year. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predictive-performance-of-the-privacy-policy-random-2icrnccv.png Figure 2: Predictive performance of the privacy policy random forest classifier, applied to held-out documents. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rate-of-successful-privacy-downloads-per-alexa-rank-2p7wtbml.png Table 2: Rate of successful privacy downloads per Alexa rank buckets – based on privacy policies in the analysis subcorpus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-distribution-of-website-categories-for-present-3qclp2zl.png Figure 4: The distribution of website categories for present and missing sites. “Other” is composed of the 27 least frequent categories for English language websites. Websites which belong to multiple categories are counted once per category. Websites with no listed categories are added to the “uncategorized” category. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-themedianword-count-of-policies-binned-byalexa-rank-3pij4qai.png Figure 5: Themedianword count of policies binned byAlexa rank. The highlighted region in this and the following figures shows the 95% confidence interval. Ranks are at the time of the snapshot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-median-flesch-kincaid-grade-level-from-2009-to-2019-v0w897g8.png Figure 6: Median Flesch-Kincaid grade level from 2009 to 2019, binned by Alexa rank. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-manual-validation-of-100-positives-for-each-query-1x17jiwt.png Table 4: Manual validation of 100 positives for each query. For third parties and tracking technologies, positives indicate the term is used in a context related to tracking. For self-regulatory initiatives, positives indicate a relationship with the initiative. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-percentage-of-policies-after-deduplication-1fyptxez.png Figure 12: The percentage of policies, after deduplication, that reference specific third parties. A match for a common name for the third-party organization, or a match in a link for any domain owned by the third-party organization or their parent organization was considered a reference. Dots indicate measurements of the presence of third parties as a tracker [28]. https://scispace.com/papers/privacy-preserving-logistic-regression-as-a-cloud-service-1yv1u7b8q3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-leaning-time-for-datasets-with-5-fold-cv-and-1000-2j4cm02k.png Table 8. Leaning time for datasets with 5- fold CV and 1,000 iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-approximation-function-of-2v8qu853.png Fig. 1. Approximation function of 𝑔(𝑧) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-best-accuracy-and-auc-for-datasets-with-5-fold-cv-3gqh0t0a.png Table 6. Best accuracy and AUC for datasets with 5-fold CV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-auc-and-accuracy-for-several-lr-rns-2rzftaod.png Table 4. Average AUC and accuracy for several LR-RNS configurations with Lbw. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-accuracy-and-auc-for-datasets-with-5-fold-cv-3vi130f6.png Table 5. Average accuracy and AUC for datasets with 5-fold CV after 30 execution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-characteristics-of-he-schemes-for-logistic-3lwszbvp.png Table 1. Main characteristics of HE schemes for logistic regression. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-datasets-characteristics-and-size-of-sets-db6dbl9h.png Table 2. Datasets characteristics and size of sets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-auc-and-accuracy-for-several-lr-1zozg0db.png Table 3. Average AUC and accuracy for several LR configurations with Lbw. https://scispace.com/papers/privacy-preserving-clustering-on-horizontally-partitioned-4lp49deu3j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sample-alphanumeric-data-comparison-1zgfkxcq.png Figure 7. Sample alphanumeric data comparison https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-data-matrix-2972nc10.png Figure 1. Data matrix https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-pseudocode-of-alphanumeric-attribute-comparison-at-3mgg8p85.png Figure 8. Pseudocode of alphanumeric attribute comparison at site DHJ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-pseudocode-of-alphanumeric-attribute-comparison-at-3k3zm6ya.png Figure 9. Pseudocode of alphanumeric attribute comparison at site DHK https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-pseudocode-of-alphanumeric-attribute-comparison-at-1s6q2qog.png Figure 10. Pseudocode of alphanumeric attribute comparison at site TP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dissimilarity-matrix-z6693o0e.png Figure 2. Dissimilarity matrix https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sample-numeric-data-comparison-11rxi6dm.png Figure 3. Sample numeric data comparison https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-sample-clustering-result-2tlc2fz5.png Figure 13. Sample Clustering Result https://scispace.com/papers/privacy-preserving-multi-class-support-vector-machine-for-27t14trs04 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-classification-accuracy-achieved-for-the-iris-mkp7ioti.png TABLE 8 The classification accuracy achieved for the Iris data set in the PD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-block-diagram-of-proposed-pp-svm-sl07dguw.png Fig. 3. The block diagram of proposed PP SVM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-details-of-the-data-sets-3gibvoc1.png TABLE 3 The details of the data sets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-algorithm-1-finding-the-largest-value-and-the-3re458fp.png TABLE 1 Algorithm 1: Finding the largest value and the corresponding class in the ED. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-classification-result-of-all-four-data-sets-in-the-1z85nmuu.png TABLE 10 Classification result of all four data sets in the ED for various scaling factor γ. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-the-average-computational-times-required-for-all-1l59sxip.png TABLE 11 The average computational times required for all four data sets in the ED classification. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-the-classification-accuracy-achieved-for-the-jaffe-1i2qb0xy.png TABLE 9 The classification accuracy achieved for the JAFFE data set in the PD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-example-1va-method-36x9az7j.png TABLE 6 Example: 1VA method. https://scispace.com/papers/privacy-preserving-gwas-data-sharing-1ed7kggiwd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kl-divergence-between-the-original-p-values-and-the-228s7chf.png Figure 2. KL divergence between the original p-values and the private p-values based on the frequency table (a) top left, (b) top right, (c) bottom left, and (d) bottom right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kl-divergence-between-the-original-kh2-statistic-3vyme2tu.png Figure 1. KL divergence between the original χ2-statistic and the private χ2-statistic based on the frequency table (a) top left, (b) top right, (c) bottom left, and (d) bottom right. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-table-showing-the-averaged-mafs-of-the-cases-and-the-2hj8km5t.png Table I TABLE SHOWING THE AVERAGED MAFS OF THE CASES AND THE CONTROLS FOR M SNPS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bar-charts-representing-the-frequencies-for-which-34o2t7og.png Figure 3. Bar charts representing the frequencies for which one or both of the two causative SNPs were among the three highest ranked private χ2-statistics under the additive model with MAF=0.25 (top) and MAF=0.4 (bottom). https://scispace.com/papers/privacy-preserving-multi-keyword-ranked-search-over-2p8jrwx11a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-k3-does-not-appear-in-either-document-20vpodjn.png TABLE IV: K3 does not appear in either document https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-k3-appears-in-every-document-2idf2r35.png TABLE III: K3 appears in every document https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-min-max-score-analysis-ii-1ykmqpuw.png TABLE II: Min/Max Score Analysis II https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-storage-overhead-of-subindex-acklkz5y.png TABLE V: Storage overhead of subindex https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-min-max-score-analysis-i-216w5up9.png TABLE I: Min/Max Score Analysis I https://scispace.com/papers/privacy-preserving-publishing-of-hierarchical-data-5bfjw1b3k9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-9-query-accuracy-at-p-0-75-m-varying-3el45rk1.png Figure 3.9: Query accuracy at p = 0.75 `-m varying https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-diverse-result-1xhi15fv.png Figure 3.2: `-diverse result https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-11-query-family-accuracy-at-2-m-2-p-0-5-3cfldfhv.png Figure 3.11: Query family accuracy at ` = 2, m = 2, p = 0.5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-related-work-on-hierarchical-data-publishing-2yf7s3ow.png Table 1.1: Related work on hierarchical data publishing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-suppression-accuracy-at-m-3-p-varying-343eo81o.png Figure 3.5: Suppression accuracy at m = 3 `-p varying https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-12-query-family-accuracy-at-3-m-2-p-0-33-kxf7xz5r.png Figure 3.12: Query family accuracy at ` = 3, m = 2, p = 0.33 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-13-query-family-accuracy-at-4-m-2-p-0-25-xr6epm17.png Figure 3.13: Query family accuracy at ` = 4, m = 2, p = 0.25 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-t-t-anatomy-result-qi-and-sa-trees-3b5eizwk.png Figure 3.3: t-t anatomy result, QI and SA trees https://scispace.com/papers/privacy-preserving-participatory-sensing-bhtykng5kt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-providing-privacy-preserving-incentives-2-2c4qzub7.png Figure 1. Providing privacy-preserving incentives [2]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-running-time-of-our-sum-protocol-and-exp-12-on-a-2zj34pg9.png Table 2. The running time of our Sum protocol and EXP [12] on a Nexus S phone and a laptop [4]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-intuition-behind-the-basic-encryption-method-1h26wigs.png Figure 2. The intuition behind the basic encryption method for sum aggregation [3]. The aggregator computes the sum of a set of random numbers as the decryption key. These numbers are secretly allocated to the users, https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-average-running-time-of-processing-a-task-on-a-2eb4y82y.png Table 1. The average running time of processing a task on a Nexus S phone and a laptop [2]. https://scispace.com/papers/privacy-preserving-search-for-chemical-compound-databases-1trzaswhr4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-experimental-success-ratios-of-the-users-guess-nlwmqmin.png Table 1 The experimental success ratios of the user’s guess based on the server’s return and the prior distribution of true value (n = 813, https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cpu-time-and-communication-size-of-secure-similar-2fqo17e1.png Table 2 CPU time and communication size of secure similar compounds counter (SSCC) and those of generalpurpose multi-party computation (GP-MPC). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-view-of-protection-of-a-user-privacy-and-269eon8e.png Figure 2 Schematic view of protection of (a) user privacy and (b) database privacy while keeping user privacy. For user privacy, the user’s query and the search result which includes the query information must be invisible to the database side during the search task. For database privacy, the server minimizes output information for preventing regression attacks (b-1), and also detects and rejects illegal queries that might cause unexpected information leakage (b-2). These server’s tasks must be carried out with the encrypted queries in order to keep user privacy. https://scispace.com/papers/privacy-risk-awareness-in-wearables-and-the-internet-of-575mjrhluz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mutual-information-between-the-original-data-and-dbp03sfp.png Figure 2. Mutual Information between the original data and the data transformed by the Trusted Privacy Mediator when sharing with (a) hospital physician and (b) smart meter company. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-components-and-phases-of-the-privacy-risk-aware-5o33m84t.png Figure 1. Components and phases of the Privacy Risk Aware Framework. (1) The Trusted Privacy Mediator is installed on the user’s device, where it discovers and authenticates devices, and assigns sensitivity weights to the collected data. (2) The privacy risk metric component receives the sensitivity weights and derives the privacy risk of the user. The privacy risk is then combined with user preferences to create a user privacy profile. In turn, the privacy profile is used as a basis for the negotiation and creation of custom privacy policy agreements. (3) The custom privacy policies are sent to the data transformation component that anonymizes and obfuscates the data according to the policy. The data transformation component is based on an adaptation of a deep learning autoencoder model that uses one encoder with multiple decoders to create the transformed subsets. (4) Subsets of transformed data are shared to the corresponding service provider. https://scispace.com/papers/privacy-violation-classification-of-snort-ruleset-4e73rv5nvm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-confusion-matrix-for-service-group-classification-1nwz9ujr.png Table IV CONFUSION MATRIX FOR SERVICE GROUP CLASSIFICATION USING PORT NUMBER AS CLASSIFIER. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-confusion-matrix-for-classification-of-policy-1xbnn221.png Table III CONFUSION MATRIX FOR CLASSIFICATION OF POLICY SPECIFIC RULES USING THE classtype: ATTRIBUTE. https://scispace.com/papers/privacy-scoring-of-social-network-user-profiles-through-risk-1lgxiuuo5t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inferring-user-attributes-and-other-personal-data-32fkpuh7.png Table 1: Inferring user attributes and other personal data https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-true-and-observed-visibility-sets-and-the-accuracy-365qg67i.png Table 2: True and observed visibility sets and the accuracy values for T https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-harm-tree-for-h-2-17v7y1hn.png Fig. 4: Harm tree for H.2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-likelihood-computation-based-on-worst-case-harm-tree-kym6u39o.png Fig. 8: Likelihood computation based on worst case harm tree for H.1 for T https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pruning-of-the-harm-tree-for-h-1-for-t-based-on-1oubcsk5.png Fig. 7: Pruning of the harm tree for H.1 for T based on accuracy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-target-user-and-its-vicinty-for-the-revelation-of-yii5zg8k.png Fig. 1: The target user and its vicinty for the revelation of the attribute B.Yr https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-visibility-matrix-for-the-target-user-ana-for-b-yr-2k0oq4j0.png Fig. 2: Visibility matrix for the target user Ana for B.Yr https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pruning-of-harm-tree-for-h-2-for-t-and-t-based-on-2v7gexkk.png Fig. 5: Pruning of harm tree for H.2 for T and T ′ based on visibility https://scispace.com/papers/private-equity-and-venture-capital-in-smes-in-developing-4harytanhh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-standard-pe-business-model-1jvf8xts.png Figure 1 Standard PE Business Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-deal-flow-dropout-rates-for-two-sme-3kss6a1u.png Figure 4 Comparison of Deal Flow Dropout Rates for Two SME Funds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-governance-model-of-a-typical-paired-pe-and-taf-14i4j2yh.png Figure 5 Governance Model of a Typical Paired PE and TAF https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-start-up-financing-cycle-ercq8gor.png Figure 2 Start-up Financing Cycle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pe-and-vc-environment-score-versus-pe-and-vc-as-18pj78mi.png Figure 3 PE and VC Environment Score versus PE and VC as Percentage of GDP—Global https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-typical-stages-of-financing-a-company-3u1b04gx.png Table 1 Typical Stages of Financing a Company https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-funding-sources-for-dedicated-ta-facilities-by-304abhxv.png Table 2 Funding Sources for Dedicated TA Facilities by Geography and Type https://scispace.com/papers/private-equity-and-workers-career-paths-the-role-of-ja9539pp7x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-impact-of-leveraged-buyouts-on-worker-employability-1afg2acu.png TABLE 5 IMPACT OF LEVERAGED BUYOUTS ON WORKER EMPLOYABILITY BY CROSS-SECTIONAL EXPOSURE TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-differences-in-long-run-employment-duration-for-lbo-35864p3r.png FIGURE 4 DIFFERENCES IN LONG-RUN EMPLOYMENT DURATION FOR LBO VERSUS NON-LBO WORKERS https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-impact-of-leveraged-buyouts-on-long-run-wages-2qtl494n.png TABLE 9 IMPACT OF LEVERAGED BUYOUTS ON LONG-RUN WAGES https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-descriptive-statistics-n50p1bsc.png TABLE 1 SAMPLE DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-impact-of-leveraged-buyouts-on-worker-long-run-2orfs3rx.png TABLE 4 IMPACT OF LEVERAGED BUYOUTS ON WORKER LONG-RUN EMPLOYABILITY https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-population-and-sample-distributions-of-leveraged-2mlfbul4.png FIGURE 1 POPULATION AND SAMPLE DISTRIBUTIONS OF LEVERAGED BUYOUTS https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-impact-of-leveraged-buyouts-on-worker-transitions-dp8ahk5m.png TABLE 8 IMPACT OF LEVERAGED BUYOUTS ON WORKER TRANSITIONS ACROSS COMPANIES https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-impact-of-leveraged-buyouts-on-worker-unemployment-1xg8hj8x.png TABLE 7 IMPACT OF LEVERAGED BUYOUTS ON WORKER UNEMPLOYMENT SPELL LENGTH https://scispace.com/papers/private-location-based-information-retrieval-through-user-1vpv3r6o5f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-users-may-contact-an-untrusted-lbs-provider-directly-3j742g11.png Fig. 2. Users may contact an untrusted LBS provider directly, perturbing their location information to help protect their privacy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-single-user-accessing-the-lbs-provider-a-forged-tnblx9cr.png Fig. 4. A single user accessing the LBS provider. A forged query, accompanying the authentic one, provides a certain degree of privacy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-query-permutation-on-a-chain-of-users-cvr8xx4h.png Fig. 5. Query permutation on a chain of users. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-query-permutation-on-a-trellis-of-users-157kgxmr.png Fig. 6. Query permutation on a trellis of users. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-user-i-j-adds-their-own-query-to-those-received-from-3ilrpo62.png Fig. 7. User (i, j) adds their own query to those received from the previous column, permutes the resulting list, splits it and sends the parts to users in the next column. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-anonymous-access-to-an-lbs-provider-through-a-ttp-g62dl9fa.png Fig. 1. Anonymous access to an LBS provider through a TTP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-query-permutation-on-a-chain-of-users-where-the-forged-3plphxvp.png Fig. 8. Query permutation on a chain of users where the forged query is removed from the list sent to the LBS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-case-when-user-i-j-sends-the-entire-list-of-queries-to-j1wf1c4k.png Fig. 9. Case when user (i, j) sends the entire list of queries to a single user in the next column. https://scispace.com/papers/private-yet-efficient-decision-tree-evaluation-95zr84hyn2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-basic-comparison-protocol-vyhx98t9.png Fig. 1. Basic comparison protocol. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evaluation-of-a-decision-tree-1nlgib26.png Fig. 4. Evaluation of a decision tree. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-2wlf2kn4.png Table 1. Comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-secure-decision-tree-evaluation-protocol-1wt8djm2.png Fig. 6. Secure decision tree evaluation protocol. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-public-vs-private-evaluation-of-a-decision-tree-2sqi6f4v.png Fig. 5. Public vs. private evaluation of a decision tree. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-transforming-a-binary-decision-tree-into-a-complete-2us8uqu1.png Fig. 3. Transforming a binary decision tree into a complete binary decision tree. https://scispace.com/papers/privatization-fdi-examining-growth-in-vietnam-s-provinces-3r2slzfifn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2pwq048d.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-w1saf9ex.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-second-stage-results-1wiolvll.png Table 2 Second Stage Results https://scispace.com/papers/pro-a-profile-based-routing-protocol-for-pocket-switched-55q9iv3ilx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experiments-for-reducing-communication-overhead-201cavli.png Fig. 4. Experiments for reducing communication overhead https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-analyzing-forward-quota-in-terms-of-success-1btheydt.png Fig. 5. Analyzing forward quota in terms of success https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experiments-for-analyzing-quota-spending-strategies-4di5hyl5.png Fig. 3. Experiments for analyzing quota spending strategies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-community-structure-in-human-networks-3po4xcu4.png Fig. 1. Community structure in human networks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-with-other-routing-protocols-1upqk7rd.png Fig. 6. Comparison with other routing protocols https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-experiments-on-bluetooth-connection-data-1vowyfoh.png Fig. 7. Experiments on Bluetooth connection data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-experiments-on-smartphone-point-queries-1sbvxcky.png Fig. 8. Experiments on smartphone point queries https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-structure-of-observation-table-3ssdbxkm.png Fig. 2. Structure of observation table https://scispace.com/papers/pro-environmental-households-and-energy-efficiency-in-spain-23p4eqh76t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-environmental-questions-in-ee-studies-on-buildings-s5i6myln.png Table 1. Environmental Questions in EE Studies on Buildings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spanish-and-eu-residential-energy-breakdown-in-2010-2o39p5ve.png Figure 1. Spanish and EU Residential Energy Breakdown in 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ee-investment-decisions-of-spanish-households-oite1b8l.png Table 4. EE Investment Decisions of Spanish Households (multivariate probit model) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ee-investment-decisions-of-spanish-households-probit-3khfgggf.png Table 3. EE Investment Decisions of Spanish Households (probit model) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-energy-saving-habits-targeted-heating-temperature-3u6g5003.png Table 5. Energy-saving Habits: Targeted Heating Temperature https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-of-the-main-variables-4sdlh27u.png Table 2. Summary Statistics of the Main Variables https://scispace.com/papers/pro-poor-tax-reforms-with-an-application-to-mexico-1w2wz49pac 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-intervals-of-poverty-lines-over-which-a-revenue-and-mtoi2kyy.png Table 3: Intervals of poverty lines over which a revenue and efficiency neutral tax reform that decreases taxes on row goods and that increases taxes on column goods can be considered pro-poor https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-intervals-of-poverty-lines-over-which-a-revenue-and-30749pbe.png Table 2: Intervals of poverty lines over which a revenue and efficiency neutral tax reform that decreases taxes on row goods and that increases taxes on column goods can be considered pro-poor (absolutely and relatively speaking) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-ratio-between-pro-poor-consumption-dominance-3gha3k2b.png Figure 8: The ratio between pro-poor consumption dominance curves https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-difference-between-pro-poor-consumption-dominance-1mabfps6.png Figure 7: Difference between pro-poor consumption dominance curves, assuming that the deadweight loss from taxing Vegetables is twice as large as that from taxing Cereals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-difference-between-pro-poor-consumption-dominance-21q1pzz2.png Figure 5: Difference between pro-poor consumption dominance curves https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-difference-between-pro-poor-consumption-dominance-owgqmgyz.png Figure 6: Difference between pro-poor consumption dominance curves, assuming that the deadweight loss from taxing Energy is twice as large as that from taxing Food https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-shares-by-population-quintiles-of-total-expenditures-1n6aipwc.png Table 1: Shares (by population quintiles) of total expenditures on different goods and services https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-difference-between-absolute-pro-poor-consumption-c19gbs5m.png Figure 4: Difference between absolute pro-poor consumption dominance curves https://scispace.com/papers/proactive-planning-and-activation-of-manual-reserves-in-3wwjh7932c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proactive-electricity-balancing-optimization-cevlfwf6.png Fig. 1. Proactive electricity balancing optimization considering RR and mFRR product https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-of-residual-balancing-energy-need-for-rr-and-288xyi5v.png Fig. 3. Example of residual balancing energy need for RR and clearing against available offers in market clearing for RR https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-initial-firm-balancing-energy-need-for-rr-39rza7ar.png Fig. 2. Example of initial (firm) balancing energy need for RR and expected future supply of mFRR https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-assessment-of-impacts-of-real-time-line-3z9ugt2krq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-network-performance-with-smcs-for-the-examined-c7-2q3dqxfu.png TABLE III NETWORK PERFORMANCE WITH SMCS FOR THE EXAMINED C7 THERMAL MODELS https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-xlpe-cable-thermal-ratings-at-90degc-with-16degc-1cehlqld.png TABLE II XLPE CABLE THERMAL RATINGS AT 90°C WITH 16°C SOIL TEMPERATURE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ieee-33-bus-network-38ngfdv4.png Fig. 1: IEEE 33 bus network https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-xlpe-cable-thermal-rating-parameters-19-136a0qk6.png TABLE I XLPE CABLE THERMAL RATING PARAMETERS [19] https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-rcai-of-cables-l2-l19-and-l23-for-intact-and-y60a4643.png TABLE IV RCAI OF CABLES L2, L19 AND L23 FOR INTACT AND CONTINGENT NETWORK https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-algebraic-analysis-of-fault-trees-with-2ifeqp8dhy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-algebraic-model-of-gate-fdep-2cg1i9fd.png Fig. 5: Algebraic model of gate FDEP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-definitions-of-priority-dynamic-gates-21omfohg.png TABLE I: Definitions of Priority Dynamic Gates https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-failure-rates-of-the-basic-events-of-the-pdft-shown-6l1jtlre.png TABLE II: Failure rates of the basic events of the PDFT shown in Fig. 8, from [5] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-an-example-of-pdft-from-5-3esg5nvf.png Fig. 8: An example of PDFT from [5]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-pdft-with-one-repeated-basic-event-3528vucf.png Fig. 1: An example of PDFT with one repeated basic event. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-non-repairable-event-3j0n7zu6.png Fig. 2: A non-repairable event. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-algebraic-model-of-gate-pand-36wn3kgp.png Fig. 4: Algebraic model of gate PAND. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-expected-behavior-for-operator-inclusive-before-ibf-2bt7h3er.png Fig. 3: Expected behavior for operator INCLUSIVE BEFORE (IBF). https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-and-sensitivity-analysis-of-analytical-models-2ht9pgr3a9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-20-bias-on-the-outputs-mean-for-models-of-the-second-3h0nitca.png Table 20. Bias on the output’s mean for models of the second group of chloride ingress models (with some https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-physical-phenomena-that-are-taken-into-account-in-2kmdmxng.png Table 2. Physical phenomena that are taken into account in some numerical chloride ingress models based on the law of Nernst-Planck https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-physical-phenomena-that-are-taken-into-account-in-2zds9e5p.png Table 3. Physical phenomena that are taken into account in some numerical carbonation models https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-values-of-input-parameters-for-chloride-ingress-3mla2ocx.png Table 12. Values of input parameters for chloride ingress models https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-physico-chemical-properties-16214qzy.png Table 11. Physico-chemical properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-elasticity-of-input-parameters-of-the-model-of-leo-io2n3ius.png Figure 2. Elasticity of input parameters of the model of Leo for concrete C25 and at depth x=2.5 cm https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-expressions-of-x-and-x-t-for-the-chloride-ingress-3ufeldol.png Table 4. Expressions of X and ⇠(X, t) for the chloride ingress models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-standard-deviation-for-the-model-of-hyvert-for-20mxokhv.png Figure 6. Standard deviation for the model of Hyvert for concrete C45 https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-evaluation-of-cpt-based-seismic-soil-21zwy2ag2c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-liquefaction-potential-graphical-model-2hc7nevx.png Figure 5. Liquefaction potential graphical model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-interpretive-structural-modeling-of-liquefaction-1quc256b.png Figure 4. Interpretive structural modeling of liquefaction potential. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistical-aspects-of-the-dataset-2e10q7sm.png Table 1. Statistical aspects of the dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ssim-for-seismic-soil-liquefaction-variables-143y1j0r.png Table 3. SSIM for seismic soil liquefaction variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-confusion-matrices-results-for-testing-dataset-n0n71hlt.png Table 6. Confusion matrices results for testing dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-performance-evaluation-of-testing-dataset-q703qaud.png Table 7. Performance evaluation of testing dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-sensitivity-analysis-of-soil-liquefaction-node-kdysih63.png Table 8. Sensitivity analysis of “soil liquefaction” node. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mpe-of-seismic-soil-liquefaction-319vs9zt.png Figure 6. MPE of seismic soil liquefaction. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-contextual-skylines-a8zmntea32 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hotels-example-1z15m9bo.png Fig. 1. Hotels example https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-dominance-probabilitiespr-t-t-cq-for-figure-1-a-3asqh4wq.png TABLE IV DOMINANCE PROBABILITIESPr[t′ ≻ t |Cq ] FOR FIGURE 1(A) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-total-time-vs-n-3edkzd0a.png Fig. 10. Total time vs.N https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-cpu-time-vs-n-3qqugcxv.png Fig. 9. CPU time vs.N https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-contexts-preferences-and-contextual-skylines-1i8h64m0.png TABLE I CONTEXTS, PREFERENCES AND CONTEXTUAL SKYLINES https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-proposed-algorithms-3boz1uzg.png TABLE V PROPOSED ALGORITHMS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-computeprob-function-for-bgc-qp4v3o9r.png Fig. 5. ComputeProb Function for BGC https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-preference-probabilitiespr-u-a-v-cq-based-on-table-p7q25iwo.png TABLE III PREFERENCE PROBABILITIESPr[u ≻A v |Cq ] BASED ON TABLE I https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-fault-tree-synthesis-using-causality-93zhe2ie7l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-experiment-results-for-the-airbag-case-study-wjpgzna7.png Fig. 8. Experiment results for the airbag case study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fault-tree-of-the-train-odometer-for-t-10-1dluia32.png Fig. 5. Fault tree of the Train Odometer for T = 10 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-fault-tree-of-the-airbag-system-imv7r46k.png Fig. 7. Fault Tree of the Airbag System https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fault-tree-of-the-embedded-control-system-1apc2cqm.png Fig. 3. Fault Tree of the Embedded Control System https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fault-tree-elements-8quzlt47.png Fig. 1. Fault Tree Elements https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experiment-results-of-the-embedded-control-system-case-oq2bcsxz.png Fig. 4. Experiment results of the embedded control system case study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fault-tree-of-the-railroad-crossing-running-example-1tsfup35.png Fig. 2. Fault Tree of the Railroad Crossing Running Example https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-experiment-results-of-the-train-odometer-case-study-26tiprs4.png Fig. 6. Experiment results of the train odometer case study. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-godunov-type-hydrodynamic-modelling-under-3k12ebvym3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-lake-at-rest-with-uncertain-wet-and-dry-zones-a-joint-19tlk83q.png Fig. 3. Lake-at-rest with uncertain wet and dry zones: (a) joint uncertainties in bed elevation and initial water level, with shading indicating the range of uncertainty. The discharge profiles at t = 100 s are obtained for the intrusive model using: (b) the truncated basis, and (c) the tensor product basis. Note that discharge scales differ between (b) and (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1d-haar-wavelet-basis-with-maximum-refinement-level-l-2b4xqkhn.png Fig. 1. 1D Haar wavelet basis with maximum refinement level L = 3, having eight basis functions spanning the space of uncertainty, ξ ∈ [−1, 1]. The eight basis functions are presented in a tree formation: the father function φ (Eq. (8)) is at the root of the tree, and the wavelet functions ψ (m) j (Eq. (9)) are arranged according to their refinement level (m) and position j. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-probabilistic-steady-state-solution-with-three-joint-36evsz4x.png Fig. 9. Probabilistic steady-state solution with three joint uncertainties: (a) uncertain bed profile with the mean bed elevation specified by Tseng (2004) and a 184m portion of uncertainty shaded grey; (b) probabilistic water depth profile predicted by the intrusive model at refinement level L = 2, comprising 64 realisations plotted individually. A vertical line at x = 1156m marks the position of the water depth histograms shown in Fig. 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-transient-and-frictional-dam-break-flow-test-setup-305eog2x.png Fig. 4. Transient and frictional dam-break flow. Test setup following Hiver (2000) with seven gauge points marked where experimental water depths are available. The topographic uncertainty introduced is shaded in grey. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-2d-haar-wavelet-a-tensor-product-basis-and-b-truncated-1uzreqqp.png Fig. 2. 2D Haar wavelet (a) tensor product basis and (b) truncated basis. Both bases have a maximum refinement level L = 3. Each square panel shows a basis function defined over the 2D uncertainty space ξ ∈ [−1, 1] × [−1, 1]. The generalisation to arbitrarily high dimensionality is given in Appendix A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-histograms-of-steady-state-water-depth-with-three-2xjpg1vg.png Fig. 10. Histograms of steady-state water depth with three joint uncertainties, calculated at x = 1156m (marked by a vertical line in Fig. 9). The Monte Carlo reference solution is plotted in both panels; overlaid are the nonintrusive solutions at refinement levels (a) L = 2, and (b) L = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-steady-flow-over-uncertain-topography-cpu-times-are-30j795uj.png Fig. 8. Steady flow over uncertain topography: CPU times are measured for the intrusive and nonintrusive models at refinement levels L = 1, 2, 3 and 5. The CPU time for a single deterministic model run is also marked for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-steady-flow-over-uncertain-topography-water-depth-18n6f7pc.png Fig. 7. Steady flow over uncertain topography: water depth probability distributions. The same Monte Carlo histogram is shown in all three panels (a)-(c) and the zone of negative water depths is shaded in red. Panel (a) show existing results of the intrusive model of Shaw and Kesserwani (2020) using 1st, 2nd and 3rd order global Hermite polynomial bases; panels (b) and (c) show results from the wavelet-based intrusive model at refinement level L = 3 and L = 5, respectively. Results in panels (b) and (c) are also representative of the nonintrusive counterpart, which predicts results identical to the intrusive model. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-grammars-as-models-of-gradience-in-language-3o7nwiz41x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-for-the-parse-trees-generated-by-a-bdrn3811.png Figure 2: An example for the parse trees generated by a probabilistic context free grammar (PCFG). (a) The rules of a simple PCFG with associated rule application probabilities. (b) and (c) The two parse trees generated by the PCFG in (a) for the sentenceJohn hit the man with the book. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evidence-from-relative-clause-rc-attachment-18olhwjf.png Figure 1: Evidence from relative clause (RC) attachment ambiguity has been taken to support an experience-based treatment of structural disambiguation. Such constructions are interesting because they do not hinge on lexical preferenc s. When reading sentences containing the ambiguity depicted above, English subjectsdemonstrate a preference for low-attachment (wherethe actresswill be further described by the RCwho . . .), while Spanish subjects, presented with equivalent Spanish sentences, prefer high-attachment (where the RC concernsthe servant) (Cuetos & Mitchell, 1988). TheTuning Hypothesis was proposed to account for these findings (Brysbaert & Mitchell, 1996; Mitchell et al., 1996), claiming that initial attachment preferences should be resolved according to the more frequent structural configuration. Later experimentsfurther tested the hypothesis, examining subjects’ preferences before and after a period of two weeks in which exposure to high or low examples was increased. The findings confirmed that even this brief period of variation in “experience” influenced the attachment prefe nces as predicted (Cuetos et al., 1996). https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-graphical-models-to-deal-with-age-estimation-1funacvg68 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-obtained-from-the-application-of-transition-58zeln1l.png Table 2 - Results obtained from the application of transition analysis to the data sample presented by Kreitner et al. [34]. A continuation ratio model with logit link was applied for regression analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-definition-of-the-nodes-used-in-the-extended-kallobpn.png Table 3 - Definition of the nodes used in the extended structure of the Bayesian network for age estimation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-shaded-areas-under-the-graphs-correspond-to-the-95-3ukxqr5t.png Fig. 4 - The shaded areas under the graphs correspond to the 95% Highest Posterior Density intervals for the posterior probability distributions of the chronological age given the observation of the stages 3 (a) and 2 (b) on the examined individual. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-implementation-of-the-bayesian-network-for-age-2jdngxwp.png Fig. 3 - Implementation of the Bayesian network for age estimation. Evidence entered into the network is expressed in italics and consists of the instantiation in the node “C=si” of the third (a) and second stages (b) of the four-stage classification for the assessment of the ossification status of the medial clavicle. In the node “A”, the posterior probability distribution of the chronological age is partially shown, while the node “H” displays the posterior probability on the propositions of interest. Probability values of each state in the node are shown both graphically and numerically. For the sake of illustration, the states of the node “A” are expressed as one-year intervals in the figure instead of one-day intervals as described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-skew-normal-distribution-with-location-parameter-32ecot8x.png Fig. 2 - The Skew-Normal distribution with location parameter of 15, scale parameter of 8 and slant parameter of 6 used as prior distribution on the chronological age in the examples presented in this paper. The gray vertical line indicates the age of 18 years of age. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-for-the-bayesian-network-for-age-estimation-1my0wfsp.png Fig. 1 - Structure for the Bayesian network for age estimation. The node “A” represents the chronological age, while the node “H” the propositions of interest. The last node “C=si” represents the developmental stage assessed during the examination. The definition of the nodes is shown in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-extended-structure-of-the-bayesian-network-for-age-33cwarqm.png Fig. 5 - Extended structure of the Bayesian network for age estimation. The nodes α1, α2, α3, β1, β2 and β3 represent the regression parameters estimated with transition analysis. The nodes “Prior” model the three parameters of a Skew-Normal distribution. The definition of the nodes is shown in Table 3. Evidence entered into the network is expressed in italics and consists of the instantiation of the third stage of the classification for the assessment of the ossification status of the medial clavicle in the node “C=si”. The parameters of the prior distribution (SƝ(ξ=15, ω=8, α=6)) for the chronological age are also instantiated in the three nodes “Prior”. For the sake of illustration, the states of the node “A” are expressed in one-year intervals in the figure instead of oneday intervals as described in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-indoor-tracking-of-mobile-wireless-nodes-2je4iqcre0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-kullback-leibler-distance-comparison-hvfgt1jw.png Fig. 7. Kullback-Leibler distance comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-localization-result-3k0gl9m8.png Fig. 5. Localization result. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-linear-interpolation-and-the-gaussian-194z53u9.png Fig. 8. Comparison of linear interpolation and the Gaussian model in terms of the error probability of GHT using the interpolated pdf. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-clusterhead-placement-milp-formulation-11delpw2.png Fig. 3. Clusterhead placement MILP formulation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-kl-distance-between-locations-3hll2vyv.png TABLE II KL DISTANCE BETWEEN LOCATIONS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-kl-distance-of-signal-profile-drifting-3xzf1qwn.png TABLE I KL DISTANCE OF SIGNAL PROFILE DRIFTING https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-visual-comparison-of-interpolated-pdfs-for-location-2-1gfxnxxb.png Fig. 6. Visual comparison of interpolated pdfs for location 2. The horizontal axis represents signal strength reading of the motes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overall-tracking-problem-formulation-375bocg2.png Fig. 1. Overall tracking problem formulation. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-image-registration-and-anomaly-detection-by-xmu9fyn2m1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-the-first-image-middle-the-visibility-map-2dw666kx.png Figure 5: Left: The first image, Middle: The visibility map (Detected image anomalies). Right: The second image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-em-warping-solid-line-to-ridge-2gsqhsmu.png Figure 7: Comparison of EM warping (solid line) to ridge regression (dotted line) with respect to robust Huber loss estimation (normalized to zero). Above the distortion corrected and stitched image stack containing 71 images, below the single image stack containing 97 images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-needle-diagram-of-non-linear-image-warping-390p9v6n.png Figure 6: A needle diagram of non-linear image warping. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-example-regions-of-the-stitching-intersection-wy0678c5.png Figure 1: Two example regions of the stitching intersection. In the top row without distortion correction the image border is clearly visible. In the second row the distortion correction makes a seamless stitching possible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-needle-diagram-of-the-non-linear-distortion-20djvgga.png Figure 2: Needle diagram of the non-linear distortion correction that was applied to all images https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-difference-images-for-left-affine-transformation-3l0b8z3q.png Figure 4: Difference images for (left) affine transformation, (middle) least squares matching with polynomial basis functions, (right) expectation-maximization including visibility estimation. The original images are shown in Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-of-experimental-data-on-the-left-an-image-2cttnxco.png Figure 3: Examples of experimental data. On the left an image of typical contrast without major artefacts. The scale bar corresponds to 4µm. On the right side some examples of artefacts caused by the preparation process. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-localization-method-for-trains-2x3p82023x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dynamic-bayesian-network-3sj23557.png Fig. 1. Dynamic Bayesian network https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-top-track-network-with-four-different-tracks-bottom-1dezpquq.png Fig. 3. [Top] Track network with four different tracks. [Bottom] Track probabilities of the train position. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-top-geometric-track-constructed-from-straights-and-2849ks8j.png Fig. 2. [Top] Geometric track constructed from straights and curves. [Bottom] Visualized particle distribution of track position estimate over time. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-mapping-of-dynamic-obstacles-using-markov-17gwb0r87k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-outline-of-the-proposed-approach-1wdpqbsu.png Fig. 2. Outline of the proposed approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rectangularly-discretized-state-space-left-and-1waczyn7.png Fig. 4. Rectangularly discretized state space (left) and reachable set starting from a cell of the discretized state space (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-exemplary-probabilistic-reachable-sets-acceleration-2v96nza4.png Fig. 6. Exemplary probabilistic reachable sets (acceleration model) for the following parameter set:r = 0.5s, x(0) ∈ [−0.25m,0.25m], y(0) ∈ [−0.25m,0.25m], v(0) ∈ [ 1.6ms ,2.4 m s ] andβ (0) ∈ [ 0, π5 ] . Reachable set for k = 2 (left) and all reachable sets forT = 3r (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-velocity-obstacle-fk4mqmte.png Fig. 7. Velocity obstacle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-autonomous-city-explorer-ace-robotic-platform-1xe1ypz0.png Fig. 1. The Autonomous City Explorer (ACE) robotic platform. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-scene-with-three-persons-in-free-space-comparison-2vegvrq2.png Fig. 9. Scene with three persons in free space: comparison ofvel cityand acceleration modelfor different values ofα. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-modeling-of-apparent-tensors-in-elastostatics-5d81ryck3g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plot-of-the-p-d-f-of-ue-for-l-60-t-0-blue-dash-dot-xg8t0zvr.png Figure 3: Plot of the p.d.f. of µE for L = 60, τ = 0 (blue dash-dot line), τ = 600 (red solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plot-of-mapping-l-t-7-e-ue-2zxbltmt.png Figure 2: Plot of mapping (L, τ) 7→ E{µE}. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plot-of-mapping-l-t-7-d-c-36ylx7d0.png Figure 1: Plot of mapping (L, τ) 7→ δ[C]. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-modelling-for-frequency-response-functions-and-4tnwwehjji 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-positions-of-the-accelerometer-of-the-alamosa-canyon-32g02jx7.png Fig. 1. Positions of the accelerometer of the Alamosa Canyon Bridge (from Farrar, et al. 2000) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-theoretical-marginal-pdfs-and-the-histogram-pdfs-1s7ud4kd.png Fig. 4. The theoretical marginal PDFs and the histogram PDFs of the real part and imaginary part of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-theoretical-marginal-pdfs-and-the-histogram-pdfs-ynye4kud.png Fig. 5. The theoretical marginal PDFs and the histogram PDFs of the real part and imaginary part of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-theoretical-marginal-pdfs-and-the-histogram-pdfs-dtcmiidh.png Fig. 3. The theoretical marginal PDFs and the histogram PDFs of the real part and imaginary part of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-theoretical-marginal-pdfs-and-the-histogram-pdfs-3qk0fpvl.png Fig. 2. The theoretical marginal PDFs and the histogram PDFs of the real part and imaginary part of https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-network-formation-through-coverage-and-freeze-4y0zgip8in 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-split-and-cover-strategy-2jm2bvd0.png Fig. 3. Split and Cover Strategy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-split-and-cover-strategy-with-stripes-gg813po8.png Fig. 5. Comparison of Split-and-Cover strategy with Stripes algorithm for varying number of stripes. The plotted values are the average time to completion of 1000 trials. Left: 1000×1000 unit world with 20 robots. Right: 100 × 100 unit world with 100 robots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-left-distribution-of-time-to-completion-for-split-and-14oy43vs.png Fig. 6. Left:Distribution of time to completion for Split-and-Cover(6(a)), and for Stripes(6(b)) in a sparse environment.Right: Distribution of time to completion for Split-and-Cover(6(c)), and for Stripes(6(d)) in a dense environment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-our-single-stripe-coverage-strategy-divides-a-vertical-1xn58f09.png Fig. 2. Our single stripe coverage strategy divides a vertical stripe into equally sized areas that take into account any additional area covered by a robot as it travels away from the meeting locations (large black dots). This figure shows the resulting divisions for six active robots and the designated Bi values used to reference the height of the horizontal rectangular areas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-this-figure-shows-the-simulation-of-the-stripes-zmb01rbd.png Fig. 4. This figure shows the simulation of the Stripes algorithm. Green circles are active robots, and red circles are inactive. The black lines represent the paths of active robots within the current stripe. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-8-a-this-image-of-the-experimental-setup-shows-the-alr17dkr.png Fig. 8. 8(a) This image of the experimental setup shows the environment divided into three stripes. The paths traversed by each robot are shown in red, green and blue (lines superimposed). 8(b) This image shows the actual trajectory of each robot computed using the homography between the image and ground planes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-ideal-trajectories-for-robots-1-2-and-3-7-a-7-b-21hhldyb.png Fig. 7. The ideal trajectories for robots 1, 2 and 3 ( 7(a), 7(b), and 7(c) respectively). The stripes are denoted by alternating white and gray. The first robot starts at the lower left corner. The circle in Figure 7(a) is the meeting location with robot 2. The third robot is discovered by robot 2. The meeting location is shown in Figure 7(b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-stripes-strategy-the-environment-is-divided-into-equal-zemyzveo.png Fig. 1. Stripes strategy: The environment is divided into equal vertical stripes which are covered sequentially. Active robots split the current stripe equally. Once a stripe is covered, all active robots (including newly discovered robots) meet at the boundary of the stripe. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-modelling-of-the-tensile-related-material-1fkh18j4tp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-probability-density-function-of-the-dynamic-modulus-of-2jbiwqll.png Fig. 4 Probability density function of the dynamic modulus of elasticity Edyn;F using a Lognormal distribution and the corresponding histogram: (top) strength grade L25, (bottom) strength grade L40 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-kar-value-distribution-of-one-timber-board-taxwx6if.png Fig. 1 KAR-value distribution of one timber board https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-verification-of-the-model-to-predict-the-tensile-on8gea5m.png Fig. 6 Verification of the model to predict the tensile capacity of finger joint connections ft;j https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-influence-of-re-on-the-characteristic-value-of-the-2oiqwcy1.png Fig. 8 Influence of re on the characteristic value of the tensile capacity of timber boards https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-influence-of-tkar-on-the-characteristic-value-of-the-1y4rpwyr.png Fig. 9 Influence of tKAR on the characteristic value of the tensile capacity of finger joint connections https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-compilation-of-the-model-for-the-probabilistic-3giwnycn.png Table 1 Compilation of the model for the probabilistic representation of timber: Expected value, COV in brackets https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-probability-density-function-of-the-distance-between-1szztd80.png Fig. 2 Probability density function of the distance between the WS (d) using a shifted Gamma distribution and the corresponding histogram https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-compilation-of-the-simulated-material-properties-mpa-2fioq1th.png Table 4 Compilation of the simulated material properties [MPa] (compared with the required/recommended values given in literature) https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-performance-guarantees-for-distributed-self-reta7c3615 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-assembly-of-g-via-phs-with-r5-being-the-last-rule-1n5jno3f.png Fig. 8. Assembly of Ĝ via ΦS with r5 being the last rule applied. Clearly the order of r3 and r5 can be reversed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-assembly-of-g-via-phl-always-culminates-with-r5-ht20nz6h.png Fig. 9. Assembly of Ĝ via ΦL always culminates with r5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-proportion-of-running-time-with-each-possible-3qytul9q.png TABLE II PROPORTION OF RUNNING TIME WITH EACH POSSIBLE NUMBER OF COMPLETE ASSEMBLIES. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-maximum-yield-of-three-is-eventually-reached-and-24itehtv.png Fig. 10. The maximum yield of three is eventually reached and maintained in all simulations of the two non-reversible processes. For Linchpin the system lingers around three, while for Singleton it lingers between two and three. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-for-simulations-of-self-assembly-2jzctz5a.png TABLE I PARAMETERS FOR SIMULATIONS OF SELF-ASSEMBLY ALGORITHMS. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-registration-for-large-scale-mobile-5apj6gjvj6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-closer-look-at-the-substitution-of-cli-r-by-sli-r-1e1tvkwg.png Figure 3. A closer look at the substitution of Cli,r by σli,r and Cli,dimax by Σli,dimax . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-operations-of-a-mobile-participatory-sensing-2048ovvz.png Figure 1. The operations of a mobile participatory sensing system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-architecture-of-the-registration-middleware-and-3gh8j210.png Figure 4. Architecture of the Registration Middleware and Registry. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-notations-used-in-this-paper-s6yhtzx4.png Table I NOTATIONS USED IN THIS PAPER. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-time-needed-for-10000-devices-to-register-with-3exg1vzg.png Figure 6. The time needed for 10000 devices to register with threshold = 1, local represents the time needed to generate the registration decision and web represents the time needed to register services in the Registry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-coverage-and-registration-percentages-as-the-3njweb5v.png Figure 5. The coverage and registration percentages as the threshold decreases from 1 to 0.6 a) for a radius of 0.005 km b) for a radius of 10 km. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-big-circle-cli-dimax-limits-the-range-of-27vgb6dx.png Figure 2. The big circle Cli,dimax limits the range of devices that can reach l2 in time t2 while the smaller circles showing the approximate location at which sensors should be to consider that the location is covered. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-relabelling-strategies-for-the-label-switching-mtdtvjc7pn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-estimated-u4-for-different-relabelling-2qlm8uaq.png Table 2: Summary of estimated µ4 for different relabelling methods across all iterations of the MCMC with K = 5. Here, µ4 is defined as the mean with the fourth smallest ergodic average. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-histogram-of-the-velocities-of-82-galaxies-2phclv8j.png Figure 2: Histogram of the velocities of 82 galaxies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-parameter-estimates-over-100-iterations-for-21o3b5r0.png Table 4: Average parameter estimates over 100 iterations for different relabelling strategies when (π, µ1, µ2, σ21, σ 2 2) = (0.5, 0, 0.1, 1, 1) for n = 100. Values in parentheses give the standard deviations of the estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relabelling-algorithms-evaluated-3dp16l15.png Table 1: Relabelling algorithms evaluated https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-parameter-estimates-over-100-iterations-for-29m76b0f.png Table 3: Average parameter estimates over 100 iterations for different relabelling strategies when (π, µ1, µ2, σ21, σ 2 2) = (0.5, 0, 2, 1, 1) for n = 50 and n = 100. Values in parentheses give the standard deviations of the estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-parameter-estimates-over-100-iterations-for-2c1d8sdd.png Table 5: Average parameter estimates over 100 iterations for different relabelling strategies when (π, µ1, µ2, σ21, σ 2 2) = (0.1, 0, 2, 1, 1) for n = 100. Values in parentheses give the standard deviations of the estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graphs-showing-the-posteriors-for-u1-defined-as-the-1yqf6bo2.png Figure 1: Graphs showing the posteriors for µ1 (defined as the µ with smallest ergodic average) of the two component mixture model 0.5N(0, 1) + 0.5N(2, 1), for the PL (solid line) and SEMP (dashed line) algorithms. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-searching-using-a-small-unmanned-aerial-52rgjup3vm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-on-this-probability-density-surface-red-indicates-a-ifb0ox4t.png Figure 7. On this probability density surface, red indicates a high p(U ∩ Ci) compared to other regions, and green indicates a low p(U ∩Ci) compared to other regions. Groups of nodes with a probability above a certain threshold have been identified and bounded with a blue line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-figure-11-a-shows-the-concept-of-the-variable-kowbt7ho.png Figure 11. Figure 11(a) shows the concept of the variable probability map. Figure 11(b) shows the detection functions that result when each of the path plans is carried out on the map characterized by RNT = 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-selecting-the-l-maximizing-value-for-h-and-tho-as-13kx4e94.png Figure 3. Selecting the Λ̇-maximizing value for h and θo. As the UAV travels over a probability grid, and the probability of detection at each node is recorded. The solid green nodes have a detection probability near unity,and the solid red nodes have a detection probability of zero. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-testing-a-local-probability-z0zg6luj.png Figure 6. Testing a local probability. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-offset-contours-on-the-example-probability-map-if-1k01fmm6.png Figure 10. Offset contours on the example probability map. If the probability threshold is PT = .05, then NB = 12 nodes are bounded as shown. If the contour threshold is NC = 11 nodes, and this is less than Nk, then offset contours are drawn and a contour search begins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-small-example-probability-map-and-the-list-of-3hqo9m3b.png Figure 9. A small example probability map and the list of nodes, ordered highest to lowest. The numbers shown in the grid represent the probability p(U ∩ Ci) for each node ni. The bounded nodes are above some probability threshold, PT , which is chosen by stepping down the ordered list to the first node with i ≥ NG. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-sliding-segment-method-2wnh2jm4.png Figure 8. The sliding segment method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-when-considering-the-possible-locations-of-a-lost-u6k395xb.png Figure 4. When considering the possible locations of a lost victim, a uniform probability map may be chosen. (See Figure 4(a).) However, another option is to generate the map based on information like terrain data, landmarks, last seen location and probable target behavior. (See Figure 4(c).) The center map shows some key locations that might be associated with the lost victim: C = campground, D = destination, S = last seen location. On both probability maps, red indicates the areas where the victim is more likely to be, while green indicates the less likely areas. Notice that the initial detection probability increases more rapidly for an optimal search of the non-uniform map, because the highest probability nodes can be searched first. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-reliable-multicast-in-ad-hoc-networks-4clo338aos 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-performance-of-ta-rdg-under-different-fractions-of-19735qmc.png Fig. 8. The performance of TA-RDG under different fractions of non-cooperative members, with n = 50 and Speedmax = 2m/s in 100 node networks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-reliability-of-the-ag-and-rdg-protocols-in-a-network-37g9oevz.png Fig. 9. Reliability of the AG and RDG protocols in a network of 40 nodes with approximately one-third of them in a group, located within a square of 200m×200m. The maximum node speed varies between 1 ∼ 10m/s and the average pause time is 40ms. The transmission range is 75m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-between-rdg-and-ta-rdg-in-terms-of-2d2a15to.png Fig. 7. Comparison between RDG and TA-RDG in terms of reliability and overhead, for different mobility patterns and network densities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-distribution-of-hl-when-average-packet-loss-ratio-1ul2evug.png Fig. 11. Distribution of Hl when average packet loss ratio equals to 12.7%, assuming a group size of 50 and a network size of 100 with F = 3 and τq = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-pfmo-with-respect-to-different-values-of-f-and-tq-3ok50zuj.png Fig. 12. The pfmo with respect to different values of F and τq , assuming a group size of 50 and a network size of 100. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-distribution-of-h-here-h-is-the-random-variable-1ihvrfrv.png Fig. 10. Distribution of H . Here H is the random variable representing the distance between two randomly picked points within a circle. It can be considered as the length in hops of a routing path between two randomly picked network nodes, with the assumption that the nodes are uniformly distributed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-between-analytical-and-simulation-results-1v2j02bt.png Fig. 6. Comparison between analytical and simulation results within networks of 100 nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-join-session-at-node-i-28c5p36t.png Fig. 1. Join session at node i https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-robust-timed-games-14reewkdt3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-on-the-left-a-timed-automaton-from-18-that-is-not-j5u7cerg.png Fig. 1. On the left, a timed automaton from [18] that is not robustly controllable for the Büchi objective {ℓ2}. In fact, Perturbator can enforce that the value of x be increased by δ at each arrival at ℓ1, thus blocking the run eventually (see [21]). On the right, a timed automaton that is robustly controllable for the Büchi objective {ℓ1, ℓ2, ℓ3}. We assume that all transitions have the same label. The cycle around ℓ1 cannot be taken forever, as value of x increases due to perturbations. The cycle around ℓ2 can be taken forever, but Controller cannot reach ℓ2 due to the equality x = 1. Controller’s strategy is thus to loop forever around ℓ3. This is possible as for both choices of Perturbator in location ℓ4, clock x will be reset, and thus perturbations do not accumulate. If one of the two resets were absent, Perturbator could force the run to always take that branch, and would win the game. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-simulating-states-q-with-trans-q-q-q-the-edges-ggekfxgt.png Fig. 11. Simulating states q with trans(q) = q′ ∧ q′′. The edges leaving the state (q, i) have the same label q. Thus Perturbator has full control on the successor location at this state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-simulating-states-q-with-trans-q-q-q-the-edges-15z96022.png Fig. 10. Simulating states q with trans(q) = q′ ∨ q′′. The edges leaving the state (q, i) have distinct labels q′ and q′′ which correspond to Controller’s choice. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-simulating-states-q-with-trans-q-a-b-dir-q-where-a-b-a-16c2m47w.png Fig. 9. Simulating states q with trans(q) = (α, β, dir, q′) where α, β ∈ {a, b}. Index i is such that 1 ≤ i ≤ N and 1 ≤ i + dir ≤ N . Guards and resets are defined as follows: ga,j is (xj < 4∧u < 3) and gb,j is (xj > 4∧u < 3), while Ya,j is {xj} and Yb,j is empty. Notice that at any state pi, only one transition is enabled. So we assume that all edges have distinct labels in this module. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-proof-idea-of-lemma-6-dashed-arrows-represent-cycles-1qsnppid.png Fig. 3. Proof idea of Lemma 6. Dashed arrows represent cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-folded-orbit-graph-of-a-forgetful-cycle-2ae0yxk1.png Fig. 8. The folded orbit graph of a forgetful cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-orbit-graph-of-a-cyclic-path-in-the-region-1aekd3ww.png Fig. 6. The orbit graph of a (cyclic) path in the region automaton of the automaton of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-folded-orbit-graph-of-the-non-forgetful-cycle-of-3la0lrsh.png Fig. 7. The folded orbit graph of the (non-forgetful) cycle of Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-sensing-model-for-sensor-placement-48vs2qyjsn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-parameter-values-for-a-realistic-model-of-a-2ul8g1ik.png Table 1: The parameter values for a realistic model of a sensor which has a 50% of the maximum coverage at 30m or span of view of 120o. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-probabilistic-coverage-model-of-a-sensor-assuming-1imd79pd.png Figure 6: Probabilistic coverage model of a sensor. Assuming that a sensor is positioned at (30,40) heading upward, the colour shows different degrees of coverage for points inside the map. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-average-number-of-iterations-for-the-cma-es-2boyse4f.png Table 6: The average number of iterations for the CMA-ES method, which is used to calculate the maximum number of iterations for the SA method. Here, the maximum number of iterations is calculated by multiplying the average number of iterations by the number of function evaluations in each iteration λ. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-number-of-iterations-t-for-which-cma-es-method-2xdkxvxj.png Table 5: The number of iterations (τ) for which CMA-ES method is checked for convergence. It means that if the performance of a method does not improve during the mentioned number of iterations, it is assumed that the method has converged and the algorithm is stopped. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-illustration-of-the-temperature-function-used-for-1zhkj672.png Figure 8: Illustration of the temperature function used for the simulated annealing method. Here, it is assumed that the maximum number of iterations (M) is 4550. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pattern-of-the-deterministic-method-5-14-mp2qazfo.png Figure 7: Pattern of the deterministic method [5, 14] implemented in the paper, where da = √ 3rs, db = 3 2rs, and rs is sensing range for a sensor. Circles are sensor sensing ranges, and dots are sensor positions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-parameter-values-for-simulated-annealing-l-bfgs-rlxv5lfh.png Table 4: The parameter values for simulated annealing, L-BFGS, and CMA-ES optimization methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-part-of-the-universite-laval-map-chosen-for-the-g3ko91w4.png Figure 11: Part of the Université Laval map, chosen for the weighted experiments. Here, different parts of the map have different weights. Buildings are shown in red and have the weight wq = 0, ground in represented in green and have the weight wq = 0.8, and the streets are shown in black and have the weight wq = 0.4. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-static-pruning-of-inverted-files-4jwljxwptu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-bm25-retrieval-median-and-optimal-performance-for-all-r70cww0f.png Fig. 12. BM25 retrieval median and optimal performance for all the b values employed in Section 5.5, short (left) and long (right) queries), WT10G collection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-prp-vs-carmel-short-left-and-long-right-queries-disks-33nxcgwo.png Fig. 13. PRP vs Carmel, short(left) and long (right) queries, Disks 4&5 BM25 with b = 0.75 (top) and with the best b (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-p-qi-c-and-estimated-exponential-fit-least-square-27azguyh.png Fig. 5. p(qi |C) and estimated exponential fit (least-square), LATimes collection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-carmel-method-wt2g-map-and-p-10-for-short-left-and-14tpc3hb.png Fig. 6. Carmel method, WT2G, MAP, and P@10 for short(left) and long(right) queries BM25 retrieval updating and not-updating the document lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-prp-vs-carmel-short-left-and-long-right-queries-wt10g-3vp1oink.png Fig. 7. PRP vs Carmel, short(left) and long (right) queries, WT10G, TF-IDF. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-prp-vs-carmel-short-left-and-long-right-queries-disks-39r1z6yv.png Fig. 16. PRP vs Carmel, short(left) and long (right) queries, Disks 4&5 , TF-IDF. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-prp-vs-carmel-bm25-retrieval-with-the-best-b-short-3hcvzwel.png Fig. 19. PRP vs Carmel. BM25 retrieval with the best b, short(left) and long (right) queries, WT2G. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-prp-vs-carmel-bm25-retrieval-with-b-0-75-short-left-29rtrh1d.png Fig. 17. PRP vs Carmel. BM25 retrieval with b = 0.75, short(left) and long (right) queries, Disks 4&5. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-sensor-network-design-23rdo14he0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-figure-displays-the-light-intensity-across-a-field-27slrwv4.png Fig. 3 The figure displays the light intensity across a field in which the photo resistors move. The warmer the colour the greater the light intensity in Lux. Multiple sensors (B1 to Bn) can be placed within this field to explore different network sizes. The field can be effected by the environment, which can block any light from the source. This is visually represented as a black belt that in this image blocks sensor B1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-probability-of-event-detection-by-a-single-sensor-set-2ea321zo.png Fig. 2 Probability of event detection by a single sensor set against the probability of event detection of the overall design. The network consist of a number (n) sensors ranging from 1 to 10. The results of the probabilistic model are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-probability-of-event-detection-by-a-single-sensor-set-t5uj1h1z.png Fig. 2 Probability of event detection by a single sensor set against the probability of event detection of the overall design. The network consist of a number (n) sensors ranging from 1 to 10. The results of the probabilistic model are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conceptual-model-for-event-detection-i-shows-the-steps-c47nflv6.png Fig. 1 Conceptual model for event detection. (i) Shows the steps that lead up to the detection of a given event. (ii) shows the most simple design. (iii) displays a network design that consist of two sensors (iv) this is a network that has sensors that sense different "parts" of the environment. (v) shows a network containing two different sensors, which require different signal conditioning (vi) shows a sensing configuration that is processed in two different ways. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-probability-of-event-detection-by-the-system-at-fesova1x.png TABLE I. THE PROBABILITY OF EVENT DETECTION BY THE SYSTEM AT A GIVEN NUMBER OF SENSORS. EACH SENSORS HAS A DETECTION PROBABILITY OF 0.8. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-root-mean-square-error-rmse-and-absolute-error-ywdgiqyk.png TABLE II. THE ROOT MEAN SQUARE ERROR (RMSE) AND ABSOLUTE ERROR FOR A GIVEN NUMBER OF SENSORS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-resistance-in-o-of-the-sensor-plotted-against-r5q5j4hg.png Fig. 4 Resistance (in Ω) of the sensor plotted against illumination (in Lux). https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-sonar-scan-matching-for-an-auv-4qlqy33zu4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-distortion-produced-by-the-displacement-of-the-2iuwvm1t.png Fig. 1. The distortion produced by the displacement of the robot while acquiring data can be corrected with the relative displacement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-a-b-and-c-raw-map-and-trajectories-comparison-2rbx40yx.png Fig. 3. Results: a) b) and c) Raw map and trajectories comparison between DGPS (a), dead-reckoning (b) and the MSISpIC output (c) over the orthophotomap. d) Dead-reckoning and MSISpIC absolute error respect DGPS. e) and f) Maps generated using dead-reckoning and MSISpIC trajectories respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scan-forming-process-point-a-represents-the-position-2b6rs31d.png Fig. 2. Scan forming process. Point a) represents the position of the robot at the first beam of the scan, point b) represents it at the position of the beam k. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-target-detection-by-camera-equipped-uavs-4alxl3j9et 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-at-the-top-left-of-this-figure-is-an-example-training-3879tby8.png Fig. 2. At the top left of this figure is an example training image and beneath it is an unseen image containing the target. SURF keypoints for both the target image and scene are calculated. FLANN is used to find mappings from keypoints in the unseen image to keypoints in the template image (shown as lines in the figure). For clarity, we have not drawn any weak mappings – those which have a distance ratio above the threshold. The RANSAC algorithm uses the mappings to calculate the most likely projection of the training image into the unseen image (shown as a polygon). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-top-graph-shows-the-ground-truth-for-the-video-2ficoxcp.png Fig. 4. The top graph shows the ground truth for the video data captured at 5m. The three graphs below show the evolution of the probability of target presence for the same altitude and period for 1 FPS, 5 FPS and 10 FPS. The dashed line at 0.5 is the threshold for a positive detection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-four-graphs-above-show-how-the-value-of-the-prior-1cij757z.png Fig. 5. The four graphs above show how the value of the prior affects the performance of the estimator, in terms of the false positive and false negative probabilities for various sampling rates. The top and bottom two graphs were generated from 5m and 20m data respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-this-diagram-provides-a-high-level-summary-of-the-1ogprra8.png Fig. 1. This diagram provides a high-level summary of the target detection algorithm and the method by which it was evaluated. Recall that the video frames are split into a training set and evaluation set. For each frame in the evaluation set, the target detection algorithm loops through the template example and determines whether it contains the target object: the algorithm uses SURF keypoint matching with FLANN to find the most likely homographic projection of the training image into the evaluation image. The result of the target detection algorithm is compared to the ground truth label to form the observation model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-exploration-ratio-for-various-altitudes-and-sp2vl6tf.png TABLE II EXPLORATION RATIO FOR VARIOUS ALTITUDES AND SAMPLING RATES https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-confusion-matrices-and-observation-model-15yp56d8.png TABLE I CONFUSION MATRICES AND OBSERVATION MODEL https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-coverage-or-observation-region-of-the-video-camera-ov2r04tj.png Fig. 3. The coverage or observation region of the video camera sensor is given by a rectangle of length x and width y. Between each observation the UAV moves some small distance d and the observation region changes accordingly. The ratio of new area (d × xh) over the total sensing area (xh × yh) is referred to as the exploration ratio and it varies as a function of altitude and sampling rate. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-temporal-logic-falsification-of-cyber-physical-4n4n1fikr4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-experimental-comparison-of-monte-carlo-mc-vs-2v56kddz.png Table II. Experimental Comparison of Monte-Carlo (MC) vs. Uniform Random (UR) falsification on benchmark problems with hybrid output spaces. Each instance was run for 100 times and each run was executed for a maximum of 1000 tests. Legend: #Fals. : the number of runs falsified, Time: 〈min, average, max〉 time in seconds per run, MC-H: MC with metric dh, MC-H0: MC with metric d0h. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-experimental-comparison-of-monte-carlo-mc-vs-uniform-28j7k6un.png Table I. Experimental Comparison of Monte-Carlo (MC) vs. Uniform Random (UR) falsification on benchmark problems with Euclidean output spaces. Each instance was run for 100 times and each run was executed for a maximum of 1000 tests. Legend: #Fals. : the number of runs falsified, Robustness : 〈min, average, variance〉 of the runs that were not falsified, Time: 〈min, average, max〉 time in seconds per run. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-schematic-of-the-modified-version-of-the-simulink-gyybs6go.png Fig. 1. The schematic of the modified version of the Simulink (TM) Automatic Transmission Demo. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-2-1-left-the-schematic-for-the-switching-logic-2f5z6exv.png Fig. 2. Example 2.1.Left: The schematic for the switching logic for the automatic drivetrain;Right: A input signal and the corresponding output signals that falsify the specification. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-time-trajectory-violating-the-property-02-a-whereo-a-6abmjoi2.png Fig. 5. (a) Time trajectory violating the property✷[0,2]¬a, whereO(a) = [−1.6,−1.4] × [−.9,−1.1] along with the scatter plot of sampled inputs and (b) robustness value as a function of the simulation step number. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-tracking-of-motion-boundaries-with-53hrfw90e0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-motion-estimates-at-frame-6-without-left-and-with-98d2dz3r.png Figure 1. Motion estimates at frame 6 without (left) and with (right) spatiotemporal dependence. Each region depicts the mean of the principal mode of the posterior. Empty circles depict smooth motion. Filled regions are motion boundaries, with white dots on the foreground side. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pepsi-results-for-frames-3-10-in-lexicographic-1h7mdf3x.png Figure 5. Pepsi results for frames 3–10 (in lexicographic order and cropped slightly for the visibility of the detected boundaries). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-motion-boundary-parameterization-u-and-u-1b54jjhv.png Figure 2. (left) Motion boundary parameterization: u and u denote foreground and background velocities, denotes edge orientation with normal n , and is the signed perpendicular distance of the edge from the region center x . (right) The assumed spatiotemporal dependency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-flower-garden-results-for-frames-15-20-in-15uwuk90.png Figure 6. Flower garden results for frames 15–20 (in lexicographic order and cropped for visibility). The bottom plots show the marginal prediction (dashed) and posterior (solid) distributions for , at each frame, for the region marked by the arrow in frame 15. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-transition-probabilities-c-efj2hbck.png Table 1. Transition probabilities c . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-detailed-flower-garden-results-at-frame-10-for-the-p2jz2loq.png Figure 7. Detailed flower garden results at frame 10 for the central region in the image. (top plots) Marginal prediction densities obtained from the right neighbor are shown for the foreground velocity, the edge orientation, and the edge location. Solid curves show the prediction samples and the dashed curves show the mixture model approximation. (bottom plots) Marginal densities for the joint prediction density from all neighbors are depicted as dashed curves. The posterior marginals are depicted by solid curves. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-model-dynamics-for-the-continuous-parameters-2i8ntvms.png Table 2. Model dynamics, , for the continuous parameters, conditioned on the discrete motion classes. Here, and are the centers of the current and neighbor regions at times and . The variances, , and , control the process noise in the dynamics; we let each of them increase as a function of the spatial distance between the region centers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-histograms-are-shown-of-left-phase-conditioned-on-349k2c2i.png Figure 4. Histograms are shown of (left) phase conditioned on amplitude and the edge, and of (right) log amplitude conditioned on the edge. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-uncertainty-analysis-of-an-frf-of-a-structure-419vcq7dwa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-uncertainty-envelope-analysis-with-data-95-hpd-1pd4tmzj.png Figure 11: Uncertainty envelope analysis with data. 95% HPD uncertainty envelopes as in Figures 10a and 10b, with the 50 training data and 20 validation superimposed (dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-standardised-rms-prediction-errors-for-each-3c9kdpn7.png Figure 5: Standardised RMS prediction errors for each structural mode of vibration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-predictions-of-validation-points-depicted-are-mi-ki-2ixutwcf.png Figure 6: Predictions of validation points. Depicted are (m̂i, k̂i) cross-sections of the output space, comparing the four metamodels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-prediction-of-a-typical-validation-point-depicted-17i47vk8.png Figure 7: Prediction of a typical validation point. Depicted are (m̂i, k̂i) crosssections of the output space, comparing the four metamodels. Light grey regions: 95% credible regions for GPIND. Dark grey regions: 95% credible regions for GPMV . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-pointwise-analysis-left-panels-correspond-to-gpind-2fsi7ykv.png Figure 8: Pointwise analysis. Left panels correspond to GPIND; right panels correspond to GPMV . (a)-(d): 95% and 50% pointwise uncertainty intervals (grey regions) and 95% credible intervals for the bounds on the pointwise uncertainty intervals (black regions). (e)-(f): 95% credible intervals for the pointwise median (black regions). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-pointwise-analysis-with-data-95-pointwise-1e991vfe.png Figure 9: Pointwise analysis with data. 95% pointwise uncertainty intervals as in Figures 8a and 8b, with the 50 training data and 20 validation imposed behind (dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-an-emulator-depicted-are-the-true-2kivu4fv.png Figure 1: Illustration of an emulator. Depicted are the true function (solid line), the training data (bullets), the posterior mean (dotted line passing through the data points) and the 95% posterior credible intervals (grey regions enclosed by dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-the-monte-carlo-procedure-for-3a73fmbs.png Figure 2: Illustration of the Monte Carlo procedure for uncertainty analysis using an emulator. (a) True function with emulator training data. (b) Sample from the input distribution (crosses and dotted grey vertical lines) and four draws from the emulator posterior (dashed black lines). (c) Estimates of S(Y ) = E[Y ], calculated using each of the realisations (plotting symbols correspond to those in (b)). The true value of S(Y ) = E[Y ] is shown by the solid circle and dashed horizontal line. https://scispace.com/papers/probability-analysis-of-age-of-information-in-multi-hop-18gu0pnbf8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-packet-is-sent-from-source-to-the-relay-and-forwarded-1a5of9oa.png Fig. 3. Packet is sent from source to the relay and forwarded to the destination when there is no direct link. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-aoi-probability-mass-function-of-two-combinations-of-247k0o7h.png Fig. 4. AoI probability mass function of two combinations of three hop loss probabilities pl with expected age E[∆3] = 10.33. Higher loss probability p1 = 0.9 in the first hop increases the distribution tail compared to moderate loss probabilities on all three links. https://scispace.com/papers/probability-based-dynamic-time-warping-and-bag-of-visual-and-5aj9wrxxc0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-levenshtein-distance-for-rgb-and-depth-nuhieds4.png Table 3: Mean Levenshtein distance for RGB and depth descriptors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-confusion-matrices-for-gesture-recognition-in-each-augz8b37.png Figure 7: Confusion matrices for gesture recognition in each one of the 20 development batches. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-pipeline-of-the-proposed-approach-2jvyhfc5.png Figure 1: General pipeline of the proposed approach. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overlapping-and-accuracy-results-2mghsly2.png Table 2: Overlapping and accuracy results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bovdw-approach-in-a-human-gesture-recognition-anumb599.png Figure 4: BoVDW approach in a Human Gesture Recognition scenario. Interest points in RGB and depth images are depicted as circles. Circles indicate the assignment to a visual word in the shown histogram – computed over one spatiotemporal bin. Limits of the bins from the spatio-temporal pyramids decomposition are represented by dashed lines in blue and green, respectively. A detailed view of the normals of the depth image is shown in the upper-left corner. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-examples-of-idle-gesture-detection-on-the-chalearn-3ua9t62n.png Figure 6: Examples of idle gesture detection on the Chalearn data set using the probability-based DTW approach. The line below each pair of depth and RGB images represents the detection of a idle gesture (step up: beginning of idle gesture, step down: end) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-probability-based-dtw-algorithm-2zsdt3xs.png Table 1: Probability-based DTW algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flowchart-of-the-probabilistic-dtw-gesture-34yui16u.png Figure 2: Flowchart of the Probabilistic DTW gesture segmentation methodology. https://scispace.com/papers/probability-distributions-from-riemannian-geometry-4if9hv0kxk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-euclidian-star-shaped-left-and-riemannian-star-shaped-24xsldyx.png Fig. 1. Euclidian star shaped (left) and Riemannian star shaped (right) [3]. https://scispace.com/papers/probability-density-function-estimation-using-orthogonal-u4whsy3479 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-sparse-kernel-density-estimate-a-and-contour-plot-b-2vjqlq0l.png Fig. 4. A sparse kernel density estimate (a) and contour plot(b) for the two-dimensional example of Gaussian and Laplacian mixture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-parzen-window-estimate-a-and-contour-plot-b-for-the-d77rh1ag.png Fig. 3. A Parzen window estimate (a) and contour plot (b) for the two-dimensional example of Gaussian and Laplacian mixture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-true-density-a-and-contour-plot-b-for-the-two-27m64jd3.png Fig. 2. True density (a) and contour plot (b) for the two-dimensional example of Gaussian and Laplacian mixture. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-performance-of-theparzen-window-estimate-and-the-bv2whlrv.png TABLE II PERFORMANCE OF THEPARZEN WINDOW ESTIMATE AND THE SPARSE KERNEL DENSITY ESTIMATE IN TERMS OFL1 TEST ERROR AND NUMBER OF KERNELS REQUIRED FOR THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL EXAMPLE OF GAUSSIAN AND LAPLACIAN MIXTURE , QUOTED AS MEAN± STANDARD DEVIATION OVER 100 RUNS. https://scispace.com/papers/probability-of-default-models-of-russian-banks-2o3yjc58rb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-4xiobvsx.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-3r827oh9.png Table 12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-20-41bd0oax.png Table 20 https://scispace.com/figures/table-19-3l13l6i5.png Table 19 https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-35xrymer.png Table 16 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-1w6bgqfn.png Table 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-figure-7-2yozv6jz.png Figure 6 Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-18-presents-the-statistical-and-heuristic-criteria-for-2vfe5bhr.png Table 18 presents the statistical and heuristic criteria for the model comparison for the base model (number 0, first row) and for the 24 models that differ from the base model in terms of added regressors. One additional macrovariable is included in models 1–14; models 15– 22 contain two additional macrovariables. For comparison purposes, we include model 23, which contains time dummies for all quarters and thus shows the limit of the model improvements after including additional macrovariables. Model 24 contains a dummy for Russia’s August 1998 financial crisis. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-antiprotonic-helium-with-precise-lasers-4waq5g9wpu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-antiproton-to-electron-mass-ratio-determined-by-3bbzarwr.png Figure 3. Antiproton-to-electron mass ratio determined by laser spectroscopy of antiprotonic helium (‘this work’) compared with the protonto-electron mass ratios measured in previous experiments7–9 and the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) 2002 recommended value obtained by averaging them.10 p: Proton. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-spectral-line-of-antiprotonic-helium-measured-by-3khf5bk2.png Figure 2. (a) Spectral line of antiprotonic helium measured by singlephoton laser spectroscopy showing a broadened resonance, which is due to the thermal Doppler effect. (b) Two-photon laser spectroscopy reveals a far higher resolution, with multiple atomic lines arising from the spin interactions between the antiproton and electron. Solid lines indicate the best fits of theoretical line profiles. arb.u.: Arbitrary units. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-drawing-of-an-antiprotonic-atom-phec-b79zrhl9.png Figure 1. Schematic drawing of an antiprotonic atom (pHeC) excited by two counter-propagating laser beams of optical frequencies !1 and !2. p: Antiproton. HeCC: Double-ionized helium atom. e : Electron. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-aspects-of-nonlinear-conduction-in-22aap5ccfq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-to-e2rms-as-functions-of-frequency-for-10-vol-1iglgncm.png Figure 4. τo/E2rms as functions of frequency for 10 vol% suspensions of untreated BaTiO3 particles in silicone oil at 1 and 2 kV/mm. The yield stresses were measured with bare electrodes, two types of Kraton-coated electrodes, and silicone rubber-coated electrodes. The coatings differed in their thicknesses. The Kraton 1 coated electrodes had layer thicknesses of 10 and 30 µm for the top and bottom plates, respectively, the Kraton 2 coated electrodes had thicknesses of 250 and 200 µm, and the silicone rubber-coated electrodes had thicknesses of 650 and 550 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-third-current-harmonic-relative-to-the-fundamental-2xrtkzou.png Figure 3. Third current harmonic (relative to the fundamental harmonic) as a function of frequency through 10 vol% suspensions of untreated BaTiO3, BaTiO3 with attached C18 chains, A, B, and C-treated BaTiO3, and wet BaTiO3 particles in silicone oil at 2 kV/mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-to-e2rms-as-functions-of-frequency-for-10-vol-ms4gve7p.png Figure 2. τo/E2rms as functions of frequency for 10 vol% suspensions of (a) untreated BaTiO3 (b)BaTiO3 with attached C18 chains, (c) A-treated BaTiO3, (d) B-treated BaTiO3, (e) C-treated BaTiO3, and (f) wet BaTiO3 particles in silicone oil at 1 and 2kV/mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-third-current-harmonic-relative-to-the-fundamental-3pnlgsaz.png Figure 5. Third current harmonic (relative to the fundamental harmonic) as functions of frequency through 10 vol% suspensions of untreated BaTiO3 particles in silicone oil between bare, Kraton 1 coated, Kraton 2 coated, and silicone rubber-coated electrodes at 2 kV/mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-to-e2rms-as-a-function-of-frequency-for-a-10-vol-3o93ccd0.png Figure 1. (a) τo/E2rms as a function of frequency for a 10 vol% suspension of untreated BaTiO3 particles in silicone oil at 1 and 2 kV/mm. (b) Third harmonic of the current (relative to the fundamental harmonic) through a 10 vol% suspension of untreated BaTiO3 particles in silicone oil at 1 and 2kV/mm and through silicone oil at 2 kV/mm as functions of frequency. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-electron-acceleration-and-x-ray-emission-in-laser-2cl1axu621 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-beam-charge-q-a-peak-electron-energy-e-b-betatron-18eo0spf.png FIG. 3. Beam charge Q (a), peak electron energy E (b), betatron yield S and quantity S/Q (c) as a function of the position in the plasma for ne ¼ 1019 cm 3. The position z¼ 0 corresponds to the entrance of the gas jet. The red dashed lines indicate the estimated injection and acceleration lengths. The black stars correspond to shots without the disrupting beam. The black dashed lines indicate the mean charge and energy without disrupting beam. Each point corresponds to an average over 5 to 27 shots. The error bars correspond to standard errors of the mean. (d) Schematic of possible injection and acceleration profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-interferometric-image-of-the-plasma-obtained-5-6-ps-lhjthpx6.png FIG. 2. Interferometric image of the plasma obtained 5:6 ps after the main laser pulse has entered the gas jet. The laser goes from right to left. The dotted red lines highlight the beam path. The width of the density depletion zone created by the disrupting beam (dashed blue circle) is d ¼ 255615 lm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-set-up-38d9kniw.png FIG. 1. Experimental set up. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-injection-position-zinj-and-peak-laser-intensity-yxm3yoej.png FIG. 4. Injection position zinj and peak laser intensity position zpeak as a function of the plasma density. The squares are experimental injection positions. The red lines correspond to the position of the peak laser intensity obtained from WAKE simulations performed for a0 ¼ 1:5 and a0 ¼ 1. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-co-and-n-2-snow-surfaces-in-protoplanetary-disks-91y3bdqfgp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stellar-properties-22n9krj8.png Table 1 Stellar Properties https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-sed-fitting-parameters-k2xdwp3s.png Table 5 SED Fitting Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-observed-n2h-3-2-profiles-vs-simulated-observations-3hceyxb2.png Figure 8. Observed N2H + 3−2 profiles vs. simulated observations of best-fit models in the “jump and drop” model framework illustrated in Figure 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-top-panels-temperature-and-density-profiles-of-the-1ltdk3g3.png Figure 10. Top panels: temperature and density profiles of the models with a thick or thin VIRaM layer. Bottom panels: the predicted CO radial column density profiles for both models, assuming TCO=28 K (red line) and 20 K (blue line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-n2h-3-2-channel-maps-of-the-gmaur-disk-3714wnnl.png Figure 12. N2H + 3−2 channel maps of the GMAur disk. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-alma-observation-details-nayot79p.png Table 2 ALMA Observation Details https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spectral-energy-distributions-seds-of-the-six-disks-25mfjw84.png Figure 4. Spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the six disks and the best-fit models used to constrain the vertical disk-temperature structures. The black points and error bars represent the measured photometry and the red line shows the IRS spectra. The blue lines represent the stellar photosphere, the green lines are the disk models, and the purple lines show the total emission of the model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-dust-ring-locations-determined-in-the-gmaur-disk-1uevbw2b.png Figure 9. Dust-ring locations determined in the GMAur disk (Macías et al. 2018; red lines) and constraints on the CO and N2 snowline locations (striped regions) on top of its disk-temperature profiles in contours. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-gravitation-dark-energy-and-acceleration-255742ln0l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-effective-equations-of-state-corresponding-to-the-3bek3ugu.png FIG. 3: The effective equations of state corresponding to the modified Friedmann equations (15-17) are plotted vs. redshift. The parameter space allowed under CMB constraints for Cases 1 and 2 lie between the respective curves shown and the w = −1 line, i.e. they can mimic a cosmological constant arbitrarily closely. Case 3 curves (labeled by value of B) can fit the CMB distance of the Λ model with much more strongly varying equations of state, lying between the left and right solid curves, with a perfect fit given by the middle solid curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-as-fig-1-but-for-case-3-modified-gravity-a-fairly-23idw2l4.png FIG. 4: As Fig. 1 but for Case 3 modified gravity. A fairly clear distinction in growth behavior exists relative to the cosmological constant model, but not with respect to each corresponding, simple, time varying dark energy (dashed, red curves). These were chosen to match the magnitude-redshift relation, so neither expansion history nor growth history here distinguishes between a gravitational and dark energy explanation for the acceleration of the universe. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-gravitational-potential-behavior-as-in-fig-2-but-300rikpu.png FIG. 5: The gravitational potential behavior as in Fig. 2, but for the Case 3 modified models (black solid curves) and dark energy models (red dashed curves, blue dotted curve for w = −1) in Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-expansion-history-is-plotted-in-terms-of-conformal-1ox5ec5x.png FIG. 8: The expansion history is plotted in terms of conformal horizon scale vs. scale factor for various modified gravity and spacetime geometry models. The Ricci geometric dark energy models (solid, black curves) are subscripted with the present value r0, and have the form R = r0+(1/4−r0)(1−a). All models are matter dominated in the past. Negative slopes indicate an accelerating epoch while slopes more steeply negative than a critical value (−1 at the present) indicate superacceleration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-gravitational-potential-ph-z-corresponding-to-the-nd07c3yy.png FIG. 7: The gravitational potential Φ(z) corresponding to the models of Fig. 6. Slight deviations at higher redshifts occur between the Ricci models (dashed red curves) and their corresponding dark energy partners (solid black curves). Deviations in slope focus on the behavior at z ≈ 1− 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-growth-factor-behavior-d-a-for-two-modified-14coqmkn.png FIG. 1: The growth factor behavior δ/a for two modified gravitation models is compared with that of dark energy models. A clear distinction can be seen relative to the cosmological constant, Λ, model, but simple time varying dark energy models (short dashed, red curves) can be found that reproduce the modified gravity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-gravitational-potential-ph-z-for-the-same-models-1n5j0mty.png FIG. 2: The gravitational potential Φ(z) for the same models as Fig. 1 is plotted vs. redshift, showing the decay of the potential as the expansion accelerates. Dashed, red curves are for the mimicking (w0, wa) models. The dotted outliers to the cosmological constant curve show the deviation expected by a misestimation of the matter density Ωm by 0.02. The discrimination of modified gravity from a cosmological constant is clear, but from the fit dark energy models is problematic. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-individual-sources-during-reionization-and-cosmic-3fbwsfzila 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-this-shows-the-apparent-comoving-size-of-the-hii-z1rok9qf.png Figure 3. This shows the apparent comoving size of the HII bubble around a quasar with the ionizing photon emission rate Ṅγ = 1.3 × 1057 s−1, same as ULASJ1120+0641 (Mortlock et al. 2011). Different contours from right to left represent 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15 and 10 Mpc. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-this-shows-the-snr-as-a-function-of-comoving-radius-1mn33u1g.png Figure 2. This shows the SNR as a function of comoving radius Rb (Mpc) of ionized bubble using the matched filter technique for the Model A. Ionized bubbles are assumed to be embedded in uniform IGM with HI fraction xHI ≈ 0.5. The upper and lower lines show results for the SKA1-low and LOFAR respectively for a total of 100 h of observation at frequency 165 MHz corresponding to redshift z = 7.6. We consider the SKA1-low baseline distribution given in Ghara et al. (2016). Here, we assume that the SKA1-low has a total of 512 number of antennae each with 35 m diameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-snr-as-a-function-of-different-model-parameters-1pagc9bj.png Figure 5. The SNR as a function of different model parameters for the source model miniQSO and coupling model C. While calculating the dependence of the SNR on a particular parameter, we have fixed the other parameters to their fiducial values. The fiducial value for each parameter is denoted by the vertical dashed line in the corresponding panel. The SNR is calculated using equation (13) for 1000 h of observations with SKA1-low with a bandwidth of 16 MHz. This figure is taken from Ghara et al. (2016). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-this-shows-the-estimates-preliminary-of-minimum-34b81ukf.png Figure 4. This shows the estimates (preliminary) of minimum observation time required for 3σ (left panel) and 5σ (right panel) detection of the HII bubble around the quasar ULASJ1120+0641 discovered by (Mortlock et al. 2011) using SKA1-low. Different shades of black from dark to light represent 100, 200, 400 and 600 h of observations respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-panel-the-differential-brightness-temperature-1w6s09mn.png Figure 1. Left panel: The differential brightness temperature profile around an isolated miniQSO. The source properties are taken to be those corresponding to the fiducial values. The results are shown for all three coupling models A, B, C described in the texts. Right panel: The absolute value of the corresponding visibility amplitude as a function of baseline U . Also shown are rms noise in the visibilities calculated for 1000 h of observation with the SKA1-low with a frequency resolution of 50 kHz. We consider here the minimum baseline Umin = 10 for the observation. The figure is taken from Ghara et al. (2016). https://scispace.com/papers/probing-phase-separation-in-bose-fermi-mixtures-by-the-2iunzbo4wm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-plot-of-the-critical-superfluid-velocity-1qqtbmxl.png FIG. 4: (Color online) Plot of the critical superfluid velocity as a function of the intrinsic boson-boson scattering length ab and the boson-fermion interaction abf . We have set µ/tf = 0.5 and considered a trap depth s = 5. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-physics-students-conceptual-knowledge-structures-18k9xmejke 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-prompt-problem-for-ppte-i5-and-j1-35ll942t.png Fig. 4. Prompt problem for PPTE I5 and J1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-fte-jump-rate-for-first-half-of-response-list-vs-3tzj62ui.png Fig. 8. FTE jump rate for first half of response list vs course exam per mance~Physics 152 Fall 1997 study!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-fte-jump-rate-for-first-half-of-response-list-vs-27w1oqoy.png Fig. 6. FTE jump rate for first half of response list vs course exam per mance~Physics 151 Spring 1999 study!. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-spin-dynamics-from-the-mott-insulating-to-the-13a7dk30wq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-of-numerical-simulations-using-the-z50etus6.png FIG. 3. Results of numerical simulations using the GrossPitaevskii equation. (a) Spin dynamics for the deepest lattice depth that could be simulated (7Er , solid line). The red triangles are experimental data. (b) Spatial analysis of spin dynamics, showing a cut of the density of the atoms in thems = −2 state along a horizontal plane z = 0 (with no lattice on). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spin-dynamics-amplitudes-and-frequencies-as-a-function-eotu3qr9.png FIG. 2. Spin dynamics amplitudes and frequencies as a function of the lattice depth. (a) Amplitude of the exponential dynamics (blue diamonds) and slow oscillation (red triangles). Green circles are results of numerical simulations. Inset: Variation of the magnetization over 20 ms. Solid lines are guides to the eye. (b) Frequency of fast (black points) and slow (red triangles) oscillations. The top black solid line corresponds to spin-exchange frequency associated with intrasite contact interactions, while the black open circles correspond to a numerical simulation of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The bottom red curve is a guide to the eye. The blue dotted-dashed line shows the prediction in the Mott regime (see text). The frequency of the superexchange process is given by the green solid line. Error bars in frequency and amplitude result from the statistical uncertainty in the fits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-simple-representation-of-the-system-close-to-the-2b5pok3d.png FIG. 1. (a) Simple representation of the system close to the Mott-to-superfluid transition. Atoms interact both due to intersite (white ellipse) and on-site (black ellipse) interactions. (b) Sketch illustrating the competition between exchange due to DDI (Vdd ) and tunneling (J ) assisted spin exchange due to contact interactions (Vc). (c) Measurement of the spin components as a function of time for 16Er . (d) Time evolution of observable n−3/n−2 for four different lattice depths (27Er , 16Er , 11.5Er , and 3Er , from top to bottom). Lines are guides for the eye resulting from fits. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-subpicosecond-dynamics-using-pulsed-laser-combined-1cqdlql9us 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-schematic-of-the-system-setup-27xp6cze.png FIG. 1. (Color) Schematic of the system setup. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-leptogenesis-4peju40s84 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-diagrams-contributing-to-the-gauge-annihilation-3qvyiuo6.png Fig. 23. Diagrams contributing to the gauge–annihilation amplitude of triplet particles. ∆̃, ∆̃c represent the fermionic partners of ∆ and ∆c, respectively, while A indicates a gauge boson, λ a gaugino, h a Higgs particle, h̃ a higgsino, f a fermion and f̃ a sfermion. Figure taken from Ref. [365]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-in-the-initial-stage-the-decays-of-n1-generate-an-31cf6hba.png Fig. 13. In the initial stage, the decays of N1 generate an equal and opposite sign B asymmetries respectively in u and ũ denoted by ∆Bu and ∆Bũ. At electroweak sphaleron decoupling the B asymmetry in SM particles ∆BSM is no longer equal in magnitude to the opposite sign asymmetry ∆Bũ due to the electroweak sphaleron processes which distribute the initial ∆Bu among the SM particles in which part of the asymmetry resides in the lepton sector. As a result, we obtain a net nonzero baryon asymmetry ∆BSM + ∆Bũ 6= 0. Figure taken from Ref. [235]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-upper-panel-constraints-on-u2ei-versus-mi-from-the-3obhkhtr.png Fig. 6. Upper panel : Constraints on U2ei (versus Mi) from the experiments ATLAS [154], CMS [161], L3 [152], DELPHI [151], PIENU [139], BELLE [147] (as given in the erratum), TRIUMF [141], PS191 [126], CHARM [128], NA3 [130], and kaon decays [145]. For peak searches below the kaon mass we show the summarized bound given in Ref. [162], for the PS191 experiment we show the re-interpretation given in [104]. Middle panel: Constraints on U2µi from DELPHI [151], L3 [152], ATLAS [154], CMS [155], BELLE [147] (as given in the erratum), BEBC [133], FMMF [134], E949 [131], PIENU [139], TRIUMF [141], PS191 [126], CHARMII [129], NuTeV [127], NA3 [130] and kaon decays in [145, 146]. For LHCb we show the re-interpretation of the search for lepton number violating decays [148] given in Ref. [149] (solid line) and the interpretation of the displaced vertex search [150] as given in Ref. [94] (dashed line). For the bounds from kaon decays we use the interpretation given in [162, 163]. For NA3, BEBC and FMMF we use the estimates from [162]. For the PS191 experiment we compare the re-interpretation in Ref. [104] (solid line) to that shown in Ref. [131] for two different channels (dashed and dotted line). Lower Panel: The bounds on U2τi are based on the interpretation of CHARM data given in [164], NOMAD [135], L3 [152] and DELPHI [151]. Note that many of the experiments also constrain ratios of the |Uαi|2 or sums thereof in addition to what is shown here. Figure taken from [158]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-the-lepton-asymmetry-in-unit-of-is-calculated-as-a-u7feygjx.png Fig. 16. The lepton asymmetry in unit of is calculated as a function of z = MX/T with MX = 0.3 TeV and K = 500. The curves, log(Y∆L/ ), are for MZ′ = 1, 2, 3 and 4 TeV from below. Figure taken from Ref. [284]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-values-of-u2a-u-2-inside-the-black-line-are-consistent-2koo3ey3.png Fig. 5. Values of U2α/U 2 inside the black line are consistent with neutrino oscillation data for normal hierarchy (left) and inverted hierarchy (right) of light neutrino masses. The dashed lines correspond to constant U2τ . The light region marked in red is unphysical because it would imply U2τ < 0. The colored regions indicate the maximally allowed value of U 2 for given U2α/U 2 if one requires that the the observed ηB can be generated by leptogenesis with M̄ = 1 GeV. Figure taken from [86]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-29-left-washout-rate-gw-h-at-t-mx-as-a-function-of-mx-104qva8w.png Fig. 29. Left: Washout rate ΓW /H at T = MX as a function of MX and σLHC (solid blue contours). The dotted light blue contours show the surviving lepton asymmetry at the EW scale relative to its value at MX ( η EW https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-diagrams-contributing-to-the-lnv-semileptonic-meson-tbg07v00.png Fig. 7. Diagrams contributing to the LNV semileptonic meson decay M+(pM ) → `+1 (p1)` + 2 (p2)M ′−(pM′ ) mediated by a Majorana neutrino: direct (a) and crossed (b) channels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-26-contributions-to-0nbb-decay-standard-weinberg-wrt3nruc.png Fig. 26. Contributions to 0νββ decay: Standard Weinberg operator (a), long-range contribution (b), and short-range contribution (c,d). Figure taken from Ref. [99]. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-the-architecture-of-visual-number-sense-with-2nbmkaco3p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-best-fitting-model-statistics-for-the-change-in-3m5gkgfo.png Table 4. Best-fitting model statistics for the change in threshold (dThreshold) in each task. The interpretation of the model factors is same as in Table 3. Statistically significant results are highlighted in grey. Asterisks (*) markp-values after Bonferroni-corrections (where applicable). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-performance-in-sham-stimulation-group-of-2m0b0pn4.png Figure 4. Performance in sham-stimulation group of supplementary dataset in the N task. The patterns closely mirror these observed in the CM group of the main experimental data set. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-best-fitting-model-statistics-for-the-change-in-wvotw63h.png Table 3. Best-fitting model statistics for the change in Weber Fraction (dWF) in the N task. The intercept models CM group in Small Test/Large reference condition; the performance for other groups in the same condition is represented by IP and SP group factors. Statistics for other relevant performance measures, including the average performance across Test Area conditions, were determined using planned-contrasttests and described in the main text and Figure 3B. Statistically significant results are highlighted in grey. Asterisks (*) mark p-values after Bonferroni-corrections (applicable to group contrasts: CM vs. IP, CM vs. SP, and IP vs. SP). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-stimulation-in-the-n-task-on-a-wf-and-b-7i6iu1fm.png Figure 3. Effect of stimulation in the N task on (A) WF and (B) Threshold https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-models-compared-in-the-study-2zjq99go.png Table 1. List of models compared in the study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-stimuli-pair-the-areas-covered-by-the-1nvzykar.png Figure 1. Experimental stimuli pair. The areas covered by the dot only on the basis of one task-relevant stimulus feature. of one stimulus varied from trial to trial characteristics. Note that the numerosity of a stimulus in number) can be parameterised as a weighted sum of stimulus density D and area A, i.e., A. (B)Predictions for the ANS model. instimulated neuronal populations horizontal shift in the fitting function occurs if weights associated with magnitude of one stimulus would increase/decrease. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effects-of-test-stimulus-area-on-baseline-threshold-1zh2aj7v.png Table 2. Effects of test stimulus area on baseline threshold. Intercept encodes the threshold value for the Small Test/Large Reference condition. Large Test/Small Reference encodes the difference from Small Test/Large Reference condition. of a psychophysical function) and positive value associated with Small Test/Large Reference is approximately twice as large as the beta for the in either tasks. This indicates an approximately symmetrical deviation from the point of objective equality for two types of test stimulus. The overestimation/underestimation pattern is opposite for N and D tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-performance-measures-for-all-stimulation-conditions-6j36f8lu.png Figure 2. Performance measures for all stimulation conditions and groups. Fraction, plotted on the log scale, impl of the Test stimulus, positive value https://scispace.com/papers/probing-the-crossover-in-co-desorption-from-single-crystal-3cb69chamz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-stm-and-co-tpd-measurements-of-ru-films-deposited-onto-3dp5at31.png Fig. 4 STM and CO TPD measurements of Ru films deposited onto HOPG. (a) STM image of a 1 Å Ru film deposited onto as-cleaved HOPG. The average diameter of the terrace nanoparticles was 5.2 nm and their average height was 1.7 nm. (b) CO TPD spectra from 0.25–2.0 Å Ru films on as-cleaved HOPG. (c) STM image of a 1 Å Ru film deposited onto HOPG that has been pre-sputtered with 500 eV Ar+ ions for 30 s. The average nanoparticle diameter was 2.1 nm and the average height was 1.1 nm. (d) CO TPD spectra from 0.25–2.0 Å Ru films on sputtered HOPG. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-stm-image-of-a-50-a-ru-film-deposited-on-as-cleaved-1cgixiqy.png Fig. 5 (a) STM image of a 50 Å Ru film deposited on as-cleaved HOPG at room temperature. (b) The corresponding CO TPD spectrum obtained from the film, showing the total CO desorption, as well as the contributions from molecularly- and dissociatively-adsorbed CO. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-stm-image-of-a-50-a-ru-film-deposited-on-as-cleaved-156fegl6.png Fig. 6 (a) STM image of a 50 Å Ru film deposited on as-cleaved HOPG after annealing in UHV at 900 K for 10 min. (b) The corresponding CO TPD spectrum obtained from the film, showing the total CO desorption, as well as the contributions frommolecularlyand dissociatively-adsorbed CO. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-stm-and-co-desorption-from-size-selected-ru-1v8upief.png Fig. 1 STM and CO desorption from size-selected Ru nanoparticles on HOPG. (a) STM image of 9.7 nm Ru nanoparticles on sputtered HOPG. (b) CO TPD spectrum obtained from 9.7 nm Ru nanoparticles on as-cleaved HOPG, showing the total CO desorption, as well as the contributions from molecularly- and dissociatively-adsorbed CO. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-co-tpd-spectra-obtained-for-different-sized-ru-1rie57kr.png Fig. 3 CO TPD spectra obtained for different sized Ru nanoparticles supported on as-cleaved HOPG. The curves have been normalised to the same peak height. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-three-successive-co-tpd-spectra-obtained-from-9-7-nm-gf43x6wy.png Fig. 2 Three successive CO TPD spectra obtained from 9.7 nm mass-selected Ru nanoparticles on as-cleaved HOPG, showing a drop in the desorption area. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-summary-of-the-desorption-energies-calculated-using-1gxumztb.png Fig. 8 Summary of the desorption energies calculated using the data presented in Table 1. Open symbols are data taken from previous studies, while filled symbols are taken from the present study. Temperature intervals for certain features are indicated by error bars. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-stm-and-co-tpd-measurements-from-a-ru-0-1-54-single-2vdwd269.png Fig. 7 STM and CO TPD measurements from a Ru(0 1 54) single crystal surface before and after Ar+ ion sputtering. (a) STM image of the clean non-sputtered Ru(0 1 54) surface. (b) STM image of the same surface after sputtering with 1 keV Ar+ ions for 5 min. (c) Sequence of CO TPD spectra obtained from the Ru(0 1 54) surface after sputtering with 1 keV Ar+ ions for increasing periods of time. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-the-environment-of-an-inaccessible-system-by-a-qubit-11s8cjd4j5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-nh-t-vs-j-t-solid-line-for-j-j-0-3-d-j-3j7rgp4k.png FIG. 2. (Color online) (a) NĤ(τ ) vs J τ (solid line) for J/J = 0.3, δ/J = 0.1, ω̄ = 0.3, /J = 3, γ /J = 0.001, and n = 10−3. Each line shows the average entanglement for a uniformly random ensemble taken as described earlier, for a set value of ∈ [0,0.1]J , varying in steps of 0.02J . The straight line shows NssĤ . (b) Same as in (a) but for = 0 and γ ∈ [0,0.01]J , varying in steps of 2 × 10−3J . (c) Effects of thermal mean occupation number n of the environment. We plot NĤ(τ ) vs J τ and n∈ [0,0.1] for /J = 10−3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-entanglement-against-the-rescaled-1wkz5h83.png FIG. 1. (Color online) (a) Entanglement against the rescaled interaction time J τ for /J = 0.1, n = 0, γ /J = 10−3, J/J = 0.3, δ/J = 0.1, and Jz = J (where J is the typical order of magnitude of the parameters and depends on the implementation of the scheme). The straight line shows steady-state entanglement while each curve refers to one of three random mixed states of qubit 2. Qubit 1 is prepared in (|g〉 + |e〉)1/ √ 2. The dashed line is the average entanglement calculated over 1000 initial states of qubit 2. (b) Influence of the Ising term in Ĥ. Each curve shows the average entanglement for increasing Jz [other parameters as in (a)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-b-the-dots-show-the-behavior-of-s-n-for-2fjxxatg.png FIG. 4. (Color online) (a, b) The dots show the behavior of S(ν) for an amplitude-damping-like channel with γ = 0 and /J = 0.01 and 0.1 for J/J = 0.3, δ/J = 0.1, ω/J = 0.3, and n = 1. Each solid line is a fit to the sum of two Lorentzian functions having features analogous to those discussed earlier. The agreement between the analytic function and the fitting one is excellent. (c, d): Same as panels (a) and (b) but for = 0 and γ /J = 0.1 and 0.3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-spectrum-s-n-of-qubit-1-vs-n-and-the-1dhhctg0.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) Spectrum S(ν) of qubit 1 vs ν and the environment mean occupation number n for J/J = 0.3, δ/J = 0.1, ω̄ = 0, γ = = 10−3J , /J = 3. (b) For a set value of n, S(ν) is well approximated by the sum of two Lorentzian functions. Each (red) curve is the result of a best fit over S(ν) for n = 10, 60, 100, 140, 300, and 500. (c) S(ν) vs the frequency ν and the dephasing rate γ for n = 0, J/J = 0.3, δ/J = 0.1, ω̄ = 0, /J = 10−3, and /J = 3. (d) As for panel (b) for a set value of γ each (red) curve is the best fit for S(ν) corresponding to γ = 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-the-deep-critical-zone-beneath-the-luquillo-1gs3s3fxdp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-e-data-from-corestone-dr-7-350-masl-f-j-data-from-2w6s9cx2.png Figure 6. A-E) Data from corestone DR-7 (350 masl). F-J) Data from corestone DR-1078 4. Vertical axis on all panels A-J is the distance from the outer edge of the weathered 1079 rind, in mm. (A, F) Photographs of thick sections with lines marking 1 mm spacing. 1080 (B, G) Changes in porosity and specific surface area (SSA) determined from neutron 1081 scattering data and normalized relative to the protolith (i.e., 9.5 mm). SSA (open 1082 triangles) determined from SANS data. Total SSA (closed triangles), measured only 1083 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-box-and-whisker-diagram-showing-mineral-contents-of-36qxd3rk.png Figure 8. Box and whisker diagram showing mineral contents of 18 visibly un-1102 weathered core samples from boreholes B1W1 and B1W2 as determined by 1103 quantitative XRD (Eberl, 2003). Wide boxes indicate 25-75% of data and are divided 1104 by a line denoting 50%. Small boxes indicate the mean, whiskers extend to outliers, 1105 X symbols indicate 1-99% of the data and small horizontal lines indicate maximum 1106 and minimum values. Mineral names are abbreviated as follows: Plag = plagioclase, 1107 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-neutron-scattering-data-i-versus-q-for-the-rind-2edo91q6.png Figure 11. A) Neutron scattering data, I versus Q, for the rind (2.5 mm from the 1127 outer edge of the rind) and core (9.5 mm from the outer edge of the rind) of 1128 corestone sample DR-4. The rind has a higher scattering intensity due to higher 1129 porosity. Q regions for SANS and USANS and corresponding scatterer diameter 1130 (pore size) are also shown. B) SANS spectra for corestone sample DR-7, with 1131 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-plot-of-the-profile-of-the-bisley-i-stream-32wm2a0b.png Figure 3. A plot of the profile of the Bisley I stream channel (after Fletcher and 1051 Brantley, 2010). Below ~220 masl, the Bisley I joins with the Bisley II and III 1052 tributaries. The combined stream joins the Rio Mameyes along a bedrock-lined 1053 channel just above 50 masl. Fletcher and Brantley (2010) observed that the 1054 maximum size of corestones did not vary below 200 masl, but decreased with 1055 increasing elevation above 200 masl. Below 200 masl, the slope of the Bisley 1056 channel is invariant until joining with the river at 50 masl. The plane of the channel 1057 between 50 and 200 masl was interpreted to be the plane across which corestones 1058 emerge from the fractured bedrock, or the saprolite-bedrock interface. If the 1059 https://scispace.com/papers/probing-the-degradation-and-homogeneity-of-embedded-3lwvacu12f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-in-situ-raman-spectra-of-the-device-probed-through-27icx2g2.png Fig. 6 In-situ Raman spectra of the device (probed through spiro-OMeTAD): (a) with increased humidity and time, and (b) with decreased humidity (inset shows Raman spectra at the spiro-OMeTAD, and spiro-OMeTAD/Au regions after dried, respectively). The horizontal dashed lines are the zero levels. (c) I168cm-1/I145cm-1 with increased humidity and time. Inset shows I168cm-1/I145cm-1 versus decreased humidity. All measurements were performed in the dark. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-raman-mapping-pbi2-of-a-large-area-perovskite-pv-mn98szgz.png Fig. 8 Raman mapping (PbI2) of a large area perovskite PV module (glass/FTO/c-TiO2/m-TiO2/MAPI/m-ZrO2/m-carbon). The white broken line highlights one of the active areas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-raman-spectra-of-crystalline-and-amorphous-pbi2-films-1lawpuzl.png Fig. 7 Raman spectra of crystalline and amorphous PbI2 films on FTO. Probing conditions are: 0.6 mW, 30s. Thicknesses of the films are ~ 120 nm. The horizontal dashed line is the zero level. Inset shows their absorbance spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1a-shows-the-raman-spectra-of-the-buried-perovskite-1dj9h9q8.png Fig. 1a shows the Raman spectra of the buried perovskite layers within a device stack (device efficiency ~11-12 %: see Table S1 & S2 and Fig. S1 & S2 for details in the ESI†). These measurements were enabled by probing the samples through the glass side of the device as shown in Fig. 1b. Importantly, the Raman spectra of FTO/c-TiO2/m-TiO2/MAPI (probed from the glass side) shows a broad peak at ~110 cm-1 which has been assigned to librational modes of the methyl ammonia (MA) cations of MAPI.14,15 This result shows that embedded MAPI layer can be probed by RS. The Raman signals from the perovskite film have some noise which is due to the weak Raman signal from the perovskite. This weak signal can be due to the small Raman scattering cross-section (which determine the magnitude of Raman signal) of the librational modes of the MA cations at the excitation wavelength.20 It has been proposed that the broad signal of the MA cations librational modes can be assigned to their disorder which arises from additional degrees of rotational and torsional freedom.14,21 For all figures in this paper, the background levels have not been subtracted, as the subtractions can lead to further error since the signals are weak and the background levels can be nonlinear. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-raman-spectra-of-embedded-perovskite-layer-probed-24vvwn51.png Fig. 1a shows the Raman spectra of the buried perovskite layers within a device stack (device efficiency ~11-12 %: see Table S1 & S2 and Fig. S1 & S2 for details in the ESI†). These measurements were enabled by probing the samples through the glass side of the device as shown in Fig. 1b. Importantly, the Raman spectra of FTO/c-TiO2/m-TiO2/MAPI (probed from the glass side) shows a broad peak at ~110 cm-1 which has been assigned to librational modes of the methyl ammonia (MA) cations of MAPI.14,15 This result shows that embedded MAPI layer can be probed by RS. The Raman signals from the perovskite film have some noise which is due to the weak Raman signal from the perovskite. This weak signal can be due to the small Raman scattering cross-section (which determine the magnitude of Raman signal) of the librational modes of the MA cations at the excitation wavelength.20 It has been proposed that the broad signal of the MA cations librational modes can be assigned to their disorder which arises from additional degrees of rotational and torsional freedom.14,21 For all figures in this paper, the background levels have not been subtracted, as the subtractions can lead to further error since the signals are weak and the background levels can be nonlinear. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-raman-spectrum-of-fto-c-tio2-and-fto-c-tio2-mtio2-2gzfq53g.png Fig. 2 (a) Raman spectrum of FTO/c-TiO2 and FTO/c-TiO2/mTiO2 (probing conditions are: 6 mW, 10s, accumulation 3), and (b) Raman spectrum of the pristine a MAPI device. Probing conditions are: 3mW, 5s. The spectra are offset, and the horizontal dashed lines are the zero levels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-raman-spectra-of-mapi-films-on-different-substrates-3v0c3bpm.png Fig. 3(a) Raman spectra of MAPI films on different substrates and PbI2 film, and (b) Raman spectra of MAPI film with and without top layers. The spectra are offset and the horizontal dashed lines are the zero levels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-optical-image-b-raman-map-of-pbi2-96-cm-1-c-pl-map-4v6vx3u5.png Fig. 4 (a) Optical image, (b) Raman map of PbI2 (96 cm-1), (c) PL map of MAPI (770 nm) of a device thermally degraded, and (d) Raman spectra at the labelled regions. Inset shows the PL spectra at the labelled regions. The horizontal dashed lines are the zero levels. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-the-fen-fe-n-1-redox-potential-of-fe-phthalocyanines-2ybhgd2h0z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-logj-e-0-3-v-versus-the-edegfe-ii-i-and-edegfe-iii-ii-1bvawuzw.png Fig. 8. Logj (E =−0.3 V) versus the E°′Fe(II)/(I) and E°′Fe(III)/(II) formal potential of the catalyst for the electro-oxidation of cysteamine using GC electrodes modified with (a) FePcs y FePs; (b) with MWCNT/FePcs and MWCNT/FePs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-log-j-th-e-0-3-v-versus-edegfe-iii-ii-formal-potential-n8o5xu58.png Fig. 9. Log (j/θ) (E = −0.3 V) versus E°′Fe(III)/(II) formal potential of the catalyst for the electro-oxidation of cysteamine using GC electrodes modified with (a) FePcs y FePs; (b) with MWCNT/FePcs and MWCNT/FePs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-formal-potential-of-fe-ii-i-and-fe-iii-ii-processes-3e50bh2c.png Table 1 Formal potential of Fe(II)/(I) and Fe(III)/(II) processes of complexes deposited on OPG and on GC/MWCNT. Onset value of the polarization curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-simulated-for-the-potential-dependence-of-thfe-ii-of-2xs2ot0i.png Fig. 10. Simulated for the potential dependence of θFe(II), of the polarization curves for cysteamine oxidation and the volcano correlation. n = 2, F = 96,485 C/mol, T = 298 K, k3cOH− = 10, E30 = 0 V, c= 0.005, k2 = 3 × 10−5, E20 = −0.3 V, EII/I0 =−0.9 V, EIII/II0 = −0.4 V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structures-of-the-studied-iron-complexes-3oi79e85.png Fig. 1. Structures of the studied iron complexes (phthalocyanines and porphyrins) bearing different substituents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cyclic-voltammograms-of-a-gc-electrode-coated-with-3w3zd7ri.png Fig. 3. Cyclic voltammograms of a GC electrode coated with MWCNT modified with FePs and FePcs and recorded in deaerated, N2 saturated 0.1 M NaOH aqueous solution. Adapted from Fig. 6 [39]. Scan rate 0.1 V s−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cyclic-voltammograms-of-a-opg-electrode-modified-with-tma9dlgy.png Fig. 2. Cyclic voltammograms of a OPG electrode modified with FePs and FePcs and recorded in deaerated, N2 saturated 0.1 M NaOH aqueous solution. Adapted from Fig. 6 [39]. Scan rate 0.1 V s−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cyclic-voltammograms-of-fepc-adsorbed-on-gc-and-opg-1fm45rcr.png Fig. 4. Cyclic voltammograms of FePc adsorbed on GC and OPG electrodes (NaOH 0.1 M, N2 saturated solution; scan rate = 0.1 V s−1) (a). Polarization curves for the oxidation of 5 mM cysteamine on GC and OPG electrodes modified with FePc (0.1 M NaOH, N2 saturated; scan rate 0.005 V s−1, rotation rate = 1000 rpm) (b). https://scispace.com/papers/probing-the-impact-of-solvent-on-lewis-acid-catalysis-via-1ve4nf8hvd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cie-diagram-overlaid-with-the-parabolic-fit-in-jvpduz1n.png Figure 1. CIE diagram overlaid with the parabolic fit in toluene for eight dithienophosphole probes.20 Probes 1, 2, 7, and 8 were utilized in this study (1: R = H; 2: R = Ph, 8: R = 2-thienyl). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lewis-acidity-scale-in-lewis-acid-units-lau-for-b-32tn6c33.png Figure 2. Lewis-acidity scale (in Lewis acid units, LAU) for: B(C6F5)3, B(2,4,6-C6F3H2)3, AlCl3, In(OTf)3, Sc(OTf)3, and, Zn(OTf)2 in varying polar solvents. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-product-conversion-in-percent-yield-over-time-for-1k7ll0pe.png Figure 6. Product conversion in percent yield over time for the Diels-Alder cycloaddition (A) and hydrosilylation (B) of B(p-C6F4H)3 in varying polar solvents. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-product-conversion-in-percent-yield-for-the-diels-2thf3u00.png Figure 3. Product conversion in percent yield for the Diels-Alder cycloaddition over 4 hours with AlCl3 as the Lewis acid catalyst in varying polar solvents. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparable-study-of-lewis-acids-activity-in-the-2k5y3nxa.png Figure 7. Comparable study of Lewis acids activity in the Diels-Alder cycloaddition with reported catalytic loadings and solvents utilized, monitored by product conversion rate in percent yield over time (3 hours). https://scispace.com/papers/probing-the-impact-of-the-n3-substituted-alkyl-chain-on-the-wfb6e7tv24 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-n-1s-xp-spectra-for-c8c1im-pf6-and-c8c4im-pf6-a-rq4hgrmr.png Figure 2 N 1s XP spectra for [C8C1Im][PF6] and [C8C4Im][PF6]. A similar trend is also observed for a moderate basic anion, i.e. [BF4]-, when comparing N 1s XP spectra of [C8C4Im][BF4] and [C8C1Im][BF4], as illustrated in Figure 3a. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-binding-energies-of-all-elements-for-all-ionic-3nonz9od.png Table 3 Binding energies of all elements for all ionic liquids in this paper. Note: XP spectra of [C8C1Im]+ ionic liquids are not measured in this study but are available in a previous work.18 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-n-1s-xp-spectra-for-c8c1im-and-c8c4im-ionic-liquids-2b4mcsm6.png Figure 3 N 1s XP spectra for [C8C1Im]+ and [C8C4Im]+ ionic liquids: (a) [BF4]- and (b) Br-. For a more basic anion, i.e. Br-, since cations and anions are tightly paired, it leads to a negligible inductive effect from the alkyl substituent to the cation headgroup. Therefore, when increasing the length of alkyl chain on N3 position, it only causes subtle change in electronic environment to the cation. As shown in Figure 3b, the binding energies of N 1s of [C8C4Im]Br is only 0.1 eV smaller than that of [C8C1Im]Br. However, such a 0.1 eV shift falls into the experimental error of XPS. Impact of N3-substituted alkyl chain on the electronic environment of the anion https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ionic-liquids-studied-in-this-paper-1ee4uutd.png Table 1 Ionic liquids studied in this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-xp-spectra-for-c8c1im-pf6-and-c8c4im-pf6-a-f-1s-and-3sxknsse.png Figure 4 XP spectra for [C8C1Im][PF6] and [C8C4Im][PF6]: (a) F 1s and (b) P 2p. A similar trend can also be observed for [BF4]-, as demonstrated in Figure 5. The impact upon the anion is also concentrated on F 1s component, with a 0.2 eV binding energy shift, as the negative point charges are distributed over four fluorine atoms.35, 36 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-xp-spectra-for-c8c1im-bf4-and-c8c4im-bf4-a-f-1s-and-3elczu2i.png Figure 5 XP spectra for [C8C1Im][BF4] and [C8C4Im][BF4]: (a) F 1s and (b) B 1s. For Br-, the magnitude of the change is further weakened. It is found that the change in N3-substituted alkyl chain cannot noticeably affect the electronic environment of the anion. As shown in Table 3, the Br 3d5/2 binding energy of [C8C4Im]Br is only 0.1 eV lower than that of [C8C1Im]Br. Considering the experimental error of XPS, these two binding energies are identical. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-c-1s-xp-spectrum-with-fittings-for-c8c4im-pf6-a-hxzrzxqc.png Figure 1 C 1s XP spectrum with fittings for [C8C4Im][PF6]. A four-component model is https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-surface-composition-and-nominal-stoichiometry-for-3pxw3b8w.png Table 2 Surface composition and nominal stoichiometry for all [C8C4Im]+ ionic liquids. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-the-local-order-of-single-phospholipid-membranes-5b6hl0dx3i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-tilt-direction-was-fixed-for-bilayer-models-due-to-2w8unn0n.png TABLE I. Tilt direction was fixed for bilayer models due to tilt angle close to 0 . This was done to minimize the number of fitting parameters to two for the bilayer models, the tilt angle and Debye-Waller factor (1.5 Å for monolayers and 2 Å for bilayers). NN tilt towards nearest neighbor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-reflectivity-profile-for-a-dppe-bilayer-deposited-at-2joeweuz.png FIG. 1. (a) Reflectivity profile for a DPPE bilayer deposited at 45 mN=m at the quartz-H2O interface and a DPPE monolayer at the H2O-air interface (45 mN=m). The vertical momentum transfer vector qz is 4 sin = , where is the angle of incidence to the interface and is the wavelength of x-ray beam. Symbols represent measured data and solid lines are the fits corresponding to the scattering length density profiles in (b). (Inset) Schematic of the experimental cell. (b) Scattering length density and electron density profiles corresponding to the fits in (a) and obtained by box model fitting procedures. The electron density profile for the DPPE monolayer has been oriented for comparison with the outer leaflet of the bilayer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diffracted-intensity-distribution-from-a-single-dppe-1ixh727c.png FIG. 2. Diffracted intensity distribution from a single DPPE bilayer membrane on a quartz substrate deposited by L-B/S deposition at 45 mN=m. To enhance the visibility of the diffraction peak the image was produced by subtracting the intensity distribution of a bare quartz substrate in contact with water. The projection of the quartz substrate is defined as qz 0 A 1. The scattered intensity along the line slightly above qz 0 A 1 is the Vineyard-Yoneda peak [22]. The Bragg rod at qxy 1:5 A 1 extends from the quartz interface up to qz 0:25 A 1 and is due to the lateral ordering of the alkyl chains of DPPE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bragg-rods-integrated-over-qxy-from-a-dppe-bilayer-in-347mwytx.png FIG. 4. Bragg rods (integrated over qxy) from a DPPE bilayer in comparison to the Bragg rods from a DPPE monolayer at 20, 30 and 45 mN=m at the air-water interface. The sharp peak at qz 0 A 1 is the Vineyard-Yoneda peak. Lines are fits to the models described in the text. Visual inspection of the DPPE bilayer rod reveals similar FWHM as in the monolayer case at 45 mN=m. For the coupled model, small changes in the tilt angle ( 1 ) dramatically impact the fit and the calculated Bragg rod FWHM (as shown by the light gray dotted curves). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bragg-peaks-integrated-over-qz-from-a-dppe-bilayer-3qjl973b.png FIG. 3. Bragg peaks (integrated over qz) from a DPPE bilayer membrane in comparison to the Bragg peaks from a DPPE monolayer at 20, 30 and 45 mN=m at the air-water interface. Monolayers have been offset vertically for clarity. Analysis of the bilayer peaks reveal a hexagonal unit cell of aH 4:84 0:01 A. Solid lines are fits to the Bragg peaks using Voight functions. The dashed line marks the center of the Bragg peak of the DPPE bilayer. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-the-interaction-of-dengue-virus-envelope-protein-2m0sw59bid 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-microtiter-plate-assay-a-immobilization-of-heparin-33ha1uaz.png Figure 2. Microtiter plate assay. (A) Immobilization of heparin-albumin and albumin. Wells were first treated with antibody to albumin, followed by addition of heparin-albumin or unconjugated albumin. Albumin bound was detected with fluorochrome-labeled anti-albumin antibody. Abscissa: (b) heparin-albumin or (9) albumin added 0-100 µg/mL. Ordinate: albumin bound (fluorescence units per well). (B) Envelope protein binds to immobilized heparin-albumin. Wells were treated with antibody to albumin, followed by (b) heparinalbumin or (9) unconjugated albumin. Envelope protein was then added, followed by detection of bound envelope protein with secondary immunoreagents. Abscissa: envelope protein added 0-8 µg/mL. Ordinate: envelope protein bound (fluorescence units per well). (C) Soluble heparin blocks binding of envelope protein to immobilized heparin-albumin. Wells were treated with antibody to albumin, followed by heparinalbumin, and then by envelope protein in the presence or absence of heparin. Bound envelope protein was then detected with secondary immunoreagents. Abscissa: envelope protein 3 µg/mL with heparin 0-100 µg/mL. Ordinate: envelope protein bound (fluorescence units per well). Results are expressed as mean ( standard deviation of replicates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-binding-avidity-of-suramin-heparin-99q12cg9.png Table 1. Comparison of the Binding Avidity of Suramin, Heparin, and O-Sulfated Heparina https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-envelope-protein-competitive-binding-studies-with-436px0yc.png Figure 4. Envelope protein competitive binding studies with GAGs and persulfated GAGs. Wells were treated with antibody to albumin, followed by heparin-albumin, and then by envelope protein in the presence or absence of inhibitors. Bound envelope protein was then detected with secondary immunoreagents. Abscissa: inhibitor doses. Ordinate: envelope protein bound (fluorescence units per well). Results are expressed as mean ( standard deviation of replicates. (A) Native GAGs. Key: (b) heparin, (9) heparan sulfate, (f) chondroitin sulfate, (2) dermatan sulfate, (1) hyaluronic acid. (B) Persulfated GAGs. Key: (b) heparin, (O) O-sulfated (OS-) heparin, (9) OS-heparan sulfate, (f) OS-chondroitin sulfate, (2) OS-dermatan sulfate, (1) OS-hyaluronic acid. Arrow at ordinate represents binding of envelope protein in the absence of any inhibitor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-envelope-protein-competitive-binding-studies-with-aj4nw17m.png Figure 3. Envelope protein competitive binding studies with heparin and small heparinoid polyanions. Wells were treated with antibody to albumin, followed by heparin-albumin, and then by envelope protein in the presence or absence of heparin or heparinoid inhibitors. Bound envelope protein was then detected with secondary immunoreagents. Abscissa: inhibitor doses. Ordinate: envelope protein bound (fluorescence units per well). Results are expressed as mean ( standard deviation of replicates. Key: (b) heparin, (9) Suramin, (2) sucrose octasulfate, (1) sulfated lactobionic acid, (f) sulfated â-cyclodextrin. Arrow at ordinate represents binding of envelope protein in the absence of any inhibitor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-kinetic-measurement-of-o-sulfated-gags-binding-to-1zbhbzmr.png Table 2. Kinetic Measurement of O-Sulfated GAGs Binding to Immobilized Envelope Protein, Determined by Surface Plasmon Resonance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-envelope-protein-competitive-binding-studies-with-xm30j7du.png Figure 5. Envelope protein competitive binding studies with persulfated HA oligosaccharides, persulfated HA, and heparin. Wells were treated with antibody to albumin, followed by heparin-albumin, and then by envelope protein in the presence or absence of inhibitors. Bound envelope protein was then detected with secondary immunoreagents. Abscissa: inhibitor doses. Ordinate: envelope protein bound (fluorescence units per well). Results are expressed as mean ( standard deviation of replicates. Key: (b) heparin, (O) persulfated hyaluronic acid (HA) dp 10, (9) persulfated HA dp 12, (0) persulfated HA dp 14, (2) persulfated HA dp 16, (×) persulfated HA dp 18, ([) persulfated HA dp 20, (1) persulfated full-length HA. Arrow at ordinate represents binding of envelope protein in the absence of any inhibitor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-surface-plasmon-resonance-sensograms-of-immobilized-2e8a1ey2.png Figure 6. Surface plasmon resonance sensograms of immobilized dengue virus envelope protein interacting with soluble heparin 20 µM (9), 15 µM (0), 10 µM ([), and 5 µM (1). Abscissa: time (s). Ordinate: response (resonance units). The RU maximum increases with increasing concentrations. Inset shows a plot of ks as a function of heparin concentration used to calculate kon. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-kinetic-measurement-of-o-sulfated-ha-24myy9ra.png Table 3. Kinetic Measurement of O-Sulfated HA Oligosaccharides Binding to Immobilized Envelope Protein Determined by Surface Plasmon Resonance https://scispace.com/papers/probing-the-low-frequency-vortex-dynamics-in-a-n37am0jzo9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-the-real-thick-2qwf6v78.png FIG. 9. (Color online.) Temperature dependence of the real (thick blue line) and imaginary (thick green line) components of the effective ac penetration depth calculated for the sample under excitation frequency 77.123 Hz using Eq. 16. Light dashed lines correspond to the approximate Eq. 21. For comparison, we also plot Λac(T ) for the case where random pinning is absent (thin red line) and the case where thermal fluctuations are ignored (thin black line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-ssm-images-showing-the-ac-response-mapped-nb82gsq9.png FIG. 6. (Color online) SSM images showing the ac response (mapped in a 16×16 µm2 region near the sample edge) to a 77.123 Hz excitation field of amplitude µ0hac = 0.016 mT for different field values at T = 6.7 K (left) and T = 6.9 K (right). The first row shows the dc (time-average) flux distributions. The in-phase and out-of-phase components of the total ac response are mapped in the second and fourth rows, respectively. The in-phase vortex response, defined as the difference between the in-phase and the Meissner responses, is shown in the third row. In all images, the white dots and the white line show schematically the position of the square anti-dots and the sample edge, respectively. The dashed circles highlight the position of selected interstitial vortices. All red-blue colorbars are in units of µ0hac. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-elastic-coupling-constants-in-pn-um-due-to-antidots-t6hekthm.png TABLE I. Elastic coupling constants (in pN/µm) due to antidots (κp), random pinning (κr0), and vortex caging (κv), and thermal hopping time (τ) calculated for both experimental temperatures using the fitting results of Fig. 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-symbols-experimental-cross-section-319l8fol.png FIG. 8. (Color online.) Symbols: experimental cross-section profiles of the permeability averaged over lines parallel to the strip at 6.9 K for selected dc field values. Error bars are standard deviations from the mean. Lines: theoretical permeability profiles calculated using the fitting parameters cv = 0.09 and cr = 0.019. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-schematic-representation-of-the-potential-2q9wimip.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Schematic representation of the potential energies of (a) an interstitial vortex caged by artificially pinned vortices and (b) a vortex trapped in an artificial pinning center near the second matching field. In both panels, the thin-line curves represent the bare potential energy without contribution from natural defects. Cartoons: gray (red)shaded disks represent vortices in their (out-of-)equilibrium position. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-contour-plots-of-the-inductive-magnetic-permeability-b-356rz5xj.png FIG. 7. Contour plots of the inductive magnetic permeability, b′/hac (in units of µ0), measured at (a) T = 6.7 K and (b) T = 6.9 K and averaged over the direction along the strip, as a function of position across the strip and the applied dc field (in units of H1). Panels (c) and (d) correspond to similar contour plots calculated using the model described in Sec. II and the values of the empirical parameters cv and cr appearing in Eqs.(17)-(20). These values were obtained by fitting the model (lines) to the experimental data (symbols) corresponding to averaging the in-phase (e) and the out-of-phase (f) SSM images over the scan area. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-the-mott-physics-in-k-bedt-ttf-x-salts-via-thermal-2qstxyn2xh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lattice-parameters-at-room-temperature-and-structure-t9dedz2l.png Table 1. Lattice parameters at room temperature and structure of the investigated κ-(ET)2X salts [33, 34]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-schematic-representation-of-the-cell-used-for-the-2qszlf87.png Figure 15. Schematic representation of the cell used for the thermal expansion measurements. Details are discussed in the main text. Figure adapted from [3]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-different-universality-classes-with-their-respective-1u9eywpy.png Table 3. Different universality classes with their respective critical exponents, accompanied by a proposed example of the phase transition. The theoretical estimates for the critical exponents are from [130] (3D Ising), [131] (3D XY ) and [132] (3D Heisenberg). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-phase-diagram-obtained-from-ultrasound-experiments-1h065hos.png Figure 11. Phase diagram obtained from ultrasound experiments under pressure for the κ-(ET)2Cu[N(CN)2]Cl salt. Different symbols refer to the various anomalies observed on three different samples. The critical point (P0, T0) is indicated by the gray circle. SC-I and -II indicate metastable superconductivity, while SC-III indicates bulk superconductivity. Dotted hexagon indicates the pressure point, obtained from microwave resistivity measurement at ambient pressure. Reprinted with permission from [42]. Copyright 2003 by the American Physical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-p-t-phase-diagram-of-the-k-et-2cu2-cn-3-salt-1zbuy8j5.png Figure 9. P -T phase diagram of the κ-(ET)2Cu2(CN)3 salt, obtained from resistance and NMR measurements under pressure using an oil pressure cell. The Mott MI transition and crossover lines are associated with the temperature at which the quantities spin-lattice relaxation rate divided by temperature (1/T1T ) and dR/dT show a maximum, see labels indicated in the figure. The Fermi-liquid regime (yellow area) was fixed by the temperature regime where the resistance R follows the R0 + AT 2 relation and (1/T1T ) is constant. The superconducting transition line was obtained via in-plane resistance measurements. Reprinted with permission from [48]. Copyright 2005 by the American Physical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-plot-of-the-singular-part-of-the-thermal-15qoyrpf.png Figure 26. Plot of the singular part of the thermal expansivity αsing as a function of the scaling variables t and h. The first-order transition line along the negative t-axis manifests itself by a jump in the expansivity which for t → 0 diverges as https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-plot-of-the-scaling-function-a-x-of-the-thermal-ye1t6ic0.png Figure 25. Plot of the scaling function α(x) of the thermal expansivity for the 2D Ising universality class. Figure reproduced from [4]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-samples-of-the-organic-conductor-k-et-2x-on-which-37f9pr9g.png Table 2. Samples of the organic conductor κ-(ET)2X on which thermal expansion measurements were performed. Crystal #4 was used to perform preliminary studies of Raman spectroscopy. In [2] crystal #2 is referred to as crystal #3. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-the-nature-of-the-unidentified-tev-gamma-ray-source-4fcp4zfse8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-absorbed-power-law-model-fit-to-sum-of-all-swift-1nf6hqej.png Figure 4. Absorbed power-law model fit to sum of all Swift-XRT data analyzed in this Letter. NH is fixed to the value obtained previously by XMM-Newton, and the photon index is found to be 1.56 ± 0.06, with a reduced χ2 of 0.89. Residuals are shown in the bottom panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spectral-parameters-from-application-of-an-absorbed-3rkc1d8t.png Figure 3. Spectral parameters from application of an absorbed power-law model to time binned Swift-XRT observations of XMMU J063259.3+054801. The top panel is the power-law photon index. The bottom panel is the reduced χ2 of the model fit. Vertical error bars represent 90% confidence range. Horizontal error bars represent the extent of the time region used in the binning, which is the same temporal binning that was shown in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-x-ray-hardness-curve-of-xmmu-j063259-3-054801-where-1pb6oz07.png Figure 2. X-ray hardness curve of XMMU J063259.3+054801, where hardness is defined as the flux in the 2–10 keV band divided by flux in the 0.3–2 keV band. The mean hardness is shown as a solid line. A fit to this line produces a reduced χ2 of 2.01 with 24 degrees of freedom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-x-ray-light-curve-of-xmmu-j063259-3-054801-from-the-1p1okdap.png Figure 1. X-ray light curve of XMMU J063259.3+054801 from the Swift-XRT observations in the 0.3–10 keV band. The bottom panel shows the flux derived from binning up all photon events into time bins that are illustrated by the horizontal error bars and finding the best-fit spectral model with NH fixed to 3.1×1021. The flux in the top panel explores temporal variability in more detail by deriving the flux directly from the X-ray rate light curve, with a flux-to-rate ratio derived for each of the spectral time bins defined by the horizontal error bars in the bottom panel (this assumes that spectral variability is a negligible effect within each time bin). https://scispace.com/papers/probing-the-pulsar-population-of-terzan-5-via-spectral-20rwt78pl1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-different-spectral-components-for-terzan5-predicted-3g5l5xwj.png Figure 1. Different spectral components for Terzan5 predicted by the leptonic models of Kopp et al. (2013) and Harding et al. (2008) and Harding & Kalapotharakos (2015). Using the first model, we calculate the LESR and VHE IC components (integrated over all rs; dashed blue lines). We assumed Ee,min=9×10 −3 TeV, Ee,max=10 TeV, Q0=1.4×10 34erg−1s−1, B= 4.0 μG, Γ=1.5, and κ=7×10−5 kpc2 Myr−1≈2×1025cm2s−1. We used a distance of d=5.9 kpc, core radius Rc=0.15′=0.26 pc, half-mass radius Rhm=0.52′=0.89 pc, and tidal radius Rt=4.6′=7.9 pc. The HESR and CR components (red lines) are predictions using the model of Harding et al. (2008) and Harding & Kalapotharakos (2015) for aá ñ = 45 , zá ñ = 60 , á ñ = ´ -P 7.7 10 3 s, and á ñ = ´B 5.8 10s 9 G. We also indicate Chandra (Eger et al. 2010), H.E.S.S. (Abramowski et al. 2011b), and radio data (“Region11,” as defined by Clapson et al. 2011). The uncertainties in our LAT points do not reflect possible systematic errors on the Galactic diffuse emission model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lat-spectral-fit-results-2tawo92w.png Table 1 LAT Spectral Fit Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sample-parameter-combinations-that-lead-to-a-balance-r47i3ntz.png Table 2 Sample Parameter Combinations that Lead to a Balance of the X-Ray-implied Energetics https://scispace.com/papers/probing-the-nature-of-the-unidentified-tev-gamma-ray-source-ak87gsbn5o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-absorbed-power-law-model-fit-to-sum-of-all-swift-1cewa6r3.png Figure 4. Absorbed power-law model fit to sum of all Swift-XRT data analyzed in this Letter. NH is fixed to the value obtained previously by XMM-Newton, and the photon index is found to be 1.56 ± 0.06, with a reduced χ2 of 0.89. Residuals are shown in the bottom panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spectral-parameters-from-application-of-an-absorbed-3rtbunto.png Figure 3. Spectral parameters from application of an absorbed power-law model to time binned Swift-XRT observations of XMMU J063259.3+054801. The top panel is the power-law photon index. The bottom panel is the reduced χ2 of the model fit. Vertical error bars represent 90% confidence range. Horizontal error bars represent the extent of the time region used in the binning, which is the same temporal binning that was shown in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-x-ray-hardness-curve-of-xmmu-j063259-3-054801-where-20bdfoe6.png Figure 2. X-ray hardness curve of XMMU J063259.3+054801, where hardness is defined as the flux in the 2–10 keV band divided by flux in the 0.3–2 keV band. The mean hardness is shown as a solid line. A fit to this line produces a reduced χ2 of 2.01 with 24 degrees of freedom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-x-ray-light-curve-of-xmmu-j063259-3-054801-from-the-212ljyx2.png Figure 1. X-ray light curve of XMMU J063259.3+054801 from the Swift-XRT observations in the 0.3–10 keV band. The bottom panel shows the flux derived from binning up all photon events into time bins that are illustrated by the horizontal error bars and finding the best-fit spectral model with NH fixed to 3.1×1021. The flux in the top panel explores temporal variability in more detail by deriving the flux directly from the X-ray rate light curve, with a flux-to-rate ratio derived for each of the spectral time bins defined by the horizontal error bars in the bottom panel (this assumes that spectral variability is a negligible effect within each time bin). https://scispace.com/papers/probing-the-redox-chemistry-of-titanium-silicalite-1-5guokwstwi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-29si-hyperfine-coupling-constants-all-values-are-in-yy9fet0p.png Table 2. 29Si hyperfine coupling constants. All values are in MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-experimental-and-b-simulated-29si-hyscore-spectra-2uf248ab.png Figure 2. a) Experimental and b) simulated 29Si HYSCORE spectra of reduced TS-1 taken at observer position 359.5 mT corresponding to the arrow in the inset . Two τ values (192 ns and 224 ns) are summed together after Fourier transform in both the experimental and simulated spectra. The simulation was performed considering a three spin system (S=1/2, I=1/2, I=1/2). Spectra taken at other observer positions are reported as Supporting information. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-experimental-1h-hyscore-spectra-of-reduced-ts-1-351jze7x.png Figure 3. Experimental 1H HYSCORE spectra of reduced TS-1 taken at observer positions a) 359.5 mT and b) 350.2 mT corresponding to the turning points of the EPR spectrum. The dotted lines indicate the 1H Larmor frequency at the two frequencies. The HYSCORE spectra taken at three τ values (96, 192 and 224 ns) are summed together after Fourier transform. The simulations of the spectra are reported as Supporting Information. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-experimental-and-b-simulated-14n-hyscore-spectrum-2rm2fkc4.png Figure 4. a) Experimental and b) simulated 14N HYSCORE spectrum of reduced TS-1 contacted with NH3 taken at the observer position 361.7 mT corresponding to the arrow in the inset (other positions are reported in Supporting Information) and τ.= 172 ns. Solid arrows indicate 14N double quantum transitions, while dotted arrows indicate single-double quantum transitions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-black-line-and-simulated-grey-line-cw-6aeyg6lv.png Figure 1. Experimental (black line) and simulated (grey line) CW-EPR spectra of reduced TS-1(a) and reduced TS-1 contacted with NH3 (b). The spectra were recorded at 77 K. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-spin-hamiltonian-parameters-of-14nh3-coordinated-to-2itvxfor.png Table 3. Spin-Hamiltonian parameters of 14NH3 coordinated to various 3d 1 transition metal ion centers. Hyperfine and quadrupole coupling constants are given in MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-g-matrix-components-for-ti3-species-at-tetrahedral-288olu7x.png Table 1. g matrix components for Ti3+ species at tetrahedral sites of different materials and in the presence of ammonia. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-the-transition-between-seismically-coupled-and-2i7c0hr5w8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-polished-rock-slab-representative-for-the-68y3vhi2.png Figure 3. (a) Polished rock slab representative for the structure of the Arolla gneiss, high-pressure mylonitic foliation [Angiboust et al., 2014a]. (b) Field view showing a quartz-rich vein cutting through the proto-cataclastic matrix (fabric A) representative of semibrittle deformation within the DBT hanging wall (Arolla region). Note the presence of numerous millimeter-sized quartz and albite clasts aligned along the foliation (white arrows). (c) Field view showing slickenline fibers networks cutting through the protocataclastic fabric A. High-silica phengites (Si5 3.5 p.f.u), blue and blue-green amphiboles (up to 6.5 wt % Na2O: Mg-riebeckites) are both present in the fibers and in the surrounding matrix. (d) Field view showing the A-type cataclastic structure showing angular clasts of quartz and albite within a weakly foliated, phengite-amphibole-quartz-bearing matrix. (e) Optical microscope view of a proto-cataclasite sample showing incipient fracturing of the Arolla mylonitic matrix. Note that grain boundaries in mylonite clasts are preferentially aligned and subparallel. (f) Polished rock slab showing the internal structure of a B-type foliated cataclasite in which clasts of albite and quartz float in a Phg, Mg-Rbk, Ttn (Rt), Qz, Py, Chl6 Ep foliated domain (Arolla-Monts Dolins region; sample #100c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sketch-not-to-scale-showing-the-alpine-subduction-3836nfig.png Figure 9. Sketch (not to scale) showing the Alpine subduction interface at 45 Ma and the distribution of the three main deformation patterns from the shallower, locked seismogenic zone to the deeper, decoupled region where plastic deformation dominates. Transient strain rate increase in the transition zone, coupled with very high pore fluid pressures trigger the genesis of brittle deformation in the subduction hanging wall. The abundance of fluids in this region of the plate interface can be explained by metamorphic dehydration reactions taking place in the oceanic plate and in particular in the metasedimentary material which is the main fluid source according to our geochemical results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-rheological-profile-calculated-for-a-fixed-strain-2yclp4o5.png Figure 8. (a) Rheological profile calculated for a fixed strain rate of 10212 s21 (see text for calculation details) using the quartz flow laws from Luan and Paterson [1992, L&P92] and Hirth et al. [2001, H01]. Frictional Byerlee envelope is calculated using an average friction coefficient of 0.7 for various pore fluid pressure ratio values. Stress estimates based on recrystallized quartz piezometry (grey shaded area) have been calculated following [Stipp and Tullis, 2003]. (b) Rheological envelope calculated for various strain rates and for pore fluid pressures comprised between 0.95 and 0.98. Beyond uncertainties related to regional strain rate variations and friction coefficient values, this figure demonstrates that a strain rate increase of 1–2 orders of magnitude is sufficient to switch from the ductile to the brittle deformation regime under these conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simplified-view-of-an-oceanic-subduction-zone-2wvl375r.png Figure 1. Simplified view of an oceanic subduction zone showing the location in blue of high Vp/Vs regions (indicating higher fluid contents) along the seismogenic zone, where the mechanical coupling is the highest. The dotted orange line localizes the region where SSE (Slow Slip Events) and ETS are generally observed. Blue arrows correspond to the regions of enhanced fluid transfer. The black rectangle (DBT: Dent Blanche Thrust region) corresponds to the geological structure observed in the field in the Alps and described in this manuscript. serp.: serpentinization of the mantle wedge. bs: lower bound of the blueschist-facies field; ecl: lower bound of the eclogite-facies field. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-conceptual-model-illustrating-the-cyclic-nature-of-r0gw2rkz.png Figure 7. Conceptual model illustrating the cyclic nature of deformation within DBT rocks including cataclasis, vein opening, overprinting of cataclasites, and reorientation of veins. Transient supralithostatic pore fluid pressure ratios (k> 1) may have led to vein opening during deformation, cutting through both fabrics A and B. Later, exhumation-related ductile reworking of brittle microstructures leads to partial retrogression of these brittle fabrics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-outcrop-view-showing-the-pervasive-foliation-29sivz3q.png Figure 4. (a) Outcrop view showing the pervasive foliation affecting DBT B-type foliated cataclasites (hammer for scale: 40 cm long). (b) Outcrop view showing Arolla mylonite fragments sheared, folded, and wrapped in the foliated cataclasite matrix. (c) Optical microscope view (nonpolarized light) showing the structure of a B-type fabric were the cataclastic fabric has been preserved from postcataclasis shearing. (d) Optical microscope view showing a foliated cataclasite matrix where various-sized fragments of the previous mylonite are floating (fabric B). Note the abundance of dark fringes lining the foliation pointing to the presence of pressure-solution deformation processes. (e) Back-scattered electrons image representative for the small-scale structure of DBT foliated cataclasites (fabric B) where 10–20 lmwide clasts of phengite (phg), chlorite (chl), clinozoisite (czo), titanite, quartz (qz), and albite float in a weak, scaly foliation. (f) Photograph of a network of several generations of clinozoisite/quartz-rich veins cutting across the foliated cataclasite matrix (fabric B). (g) Optical microscope view showing former clinozoisite veins now reoriented along the main foliation. Note the pervasive ductile deformation affecting the quartz-rich layers. (h) Photography of a polished rock surface of a foliated cataclasite showing alternating epidote (Ep)-rich (yellowish) and quartz-richer layers (greyish), crosscut by strongly folded epidote-rich veins. Pyrite (Py) is very abundant in the rock matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-simplified-geological-map-of-the-northwestern-2iyfz9s5.png Figure 2. (a) Simplified geological map of the Northwestern part of the Alpine belt showing the location of the Dent Blanche tectonic system (DB) and its lateral equivalent, the Sesia zone. Its basal contact, highlighted in red, is named Dent Blanche Thrust (DBT) in this study and is considered as an ancient subduction interface, juxtaposing continental gneiss with metaophiolites derived from the Liguro-Piemontese seafloor. Light blue: metasediments; dark blue: mafics and ultramafic bodies. (b) Pressure-Temperature-time path followed by Dent Blanche gneisses (Arolla unit) and by the underlying metasediments from the Tsat e complex (thermobarometric and pseudosection modeling data from Angiboust et al. [2014a]; prograde burial path from Agard et al. [2001]). Blue-shaded and green-shaded areas correspond to blueschist (i.e., blue-amphibole bearing domain) and greenschist facies, respectively [see also Evans, 1990]. (c) Field view of the DBT in the region of Moiry lake (Switzerland), showing the Dent Blanche mylonitic gneiss overlying a mixing zone where slivers of both continental and oceanic affinities are tectonically intermixed. The main layer of foliated cataclasites, which reaches nearly 100 m in thickness in this region, is located near the base of the mylonites, close to the tectonic mixing zone. (d) Idealized sketch of the Couronne de Breonnaz crest showing the simplified tectonic structure and the existence of several foliated cataclastic networks crosscutting the base of Arolla gneiss mylonites. A deformation gradient increasing from the base toward the center of Arolla gneiss is visible on the field on the scale of several hundred meters. Blue lenses: marbles. Pale yellow: foliated greenschists and phyllonites. Rare, meter-sized serpentinite slivers are occasionally visible along this cross section (not shown here). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-results-of-geochronological-investigations-using-in-1wd06453.png Figure 6. Results of geochronological investigations using in situ 40Ar-39Ar geochronology on phengite and Rb-Sr geochronology (*: data from Angiboust et al. [2014a]). The foliated greenschist facies cataclasite (sample #60b) exhibits the youngest ages indicating that highpressure cataclasis occurred before 41 Ma, most likely between 48 and 42 Ma. The spread in 40Ar-39Ar ages might be related to variable degree of exhumation-related metamorphic reequilibration of phengite crystals. This figure shows that brittle (samples #100c, #12L, and #60b) and ductile deformation (see Rb-Sr ages for Arolla mylonites in Angiboust et al. [2014a]) apparently overlap in time in the DBT region. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-the-surface-of-a-laccase-for-clues-towards-the-2eq4xayi93 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-position-of-a-ru-bpy-3-2-complex-in-front-of-the-t1-29tuczbp.png Figure 6. Position of a [Ru(bpy)3] 2+ complex in front of the T1 copper centre obtained from non-covalent docking. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structural-model-ribbon-of-lac3-from-trametes-sp-2ihvcexb.png Figure 1. Structural model (ribbon) of LAC3 from Trametes sp. C30. CuII ions are depicted as blue spheres; amino acids subjected to mutagenesis are labelled (van der Waals volumes, CPK colours). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-p-styrenesulfonate-oxidation-a-3dctmu5u.png Table 4. p-Styrenesulfonate oxidation.[a] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spectroscopic-features-sequence-data-and-metal-1vtlyoya.png Table 1. Spectroscopic features, sequence data and metal content of the 1-laccase hybrids. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-representative-separation-of-grafted-enzymes-on-a-7-hpn0smfa.png Figure 3. Representative separation of grafted enzymes on a 7% SDS-PAGE gel. Left panel : white-light irradiation (Coomassie Blue staining); right panel : UV irradiation (360 nm). M: molecular weight markers. Apparent masses are expressed in kDa. Lane 1: 1–UNIK161 (5 mg); lane 2: UNIK161 (5 mg); lane 3: 1–LAC3 (5 mg); lane 4: LAC3 (5 mg). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-representative-uv-vis-spectra-of-bare-and-1-grafted-24kg4vzc.png Figure 2. Representative UV/Vis spectra of bare and 1-grafted enzymes. Enzyme concentration ca. 16 mm in Britton–Robinson buffer (pH 5). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-apparent-kinetic-parameters-for-laccase-variants-on-3j5x5m25.png Table 2. Apparent kinetic parameters for laccase variants on ABTS.[a] https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-electronic-coupling-ec-and-distances-d-between-ru-1l3m27q3.png Table 3. Electronic coupling (EC) and distances (d) between Ru and Cu atoms. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-the-radio-emission-from-air-showers-with-s0a4cy1lkz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-detector-systems-of-the-pierre-auger-23n4itkg.png FIG. 1 (color online). The detector systems of the Pierre Auger Observatory; the black dots denote the 1660 detector stations of the surface detector (SD), while the buildings containing the telescopes of the fluorescence detector (FD) are located at the edge of the array. The prototype of AERA was located near the Balloon Launching Station (BLS) of the observatory; AERA itself is located in front of the telescope buildings at Coihueco. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-the-calculated-value-of-r-see-eq-5-and-2ypiph2w.png FIG. 7 (color online). The calculated value of R [see Eq. (5)] and its uncertainty for the AERA24 data set as a function of the observation angle ψ . The dashed line denotes R ¼ 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-color-online-measured-versus-predicted-values-of-the-1j9bl6a5.png FIG. 12 (color online). Measured versus predicted values of the parameterR in two cases where the charge-excess component has been switched off in the simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-pearson-correlation-coefficients-rp-and-their-95-2fnydej3.png TABLE III. Pearson correlation coefficients ρP and their 95% confidence ranges. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-characteristic-features-of-aera24-3le4jesj.png TABLE I. Comparison of characteristic features of AERA24 during this data-taking period and its prototype. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-aerial-view-of-the-radio-detection-systems-open-1vbl3r92.png FIG. 2. An aerial view of the radio-detection systems (open triangles) in the SD. Stations of the SD are denoted by filled markers, where the SD stations nearest to the radio-detection systems are denoted with filled squares, for the prototype setup (left panel) and for AERA24 (right panel). The coordinates are measured with respect to the center of the SD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-scatter-plot-of-shower-parameters-for-coincident-38lriry8.png FIG. 6. Scatter plot of shower parameters for coincident events used in the analysis; the filled circles (open triangles) are data for AERA24 (prototype). Upper panel: the shower energy E reconstructed from the SD information versus the space angle α between the magnetic field vector and the shower axis. Lower panel: the reconstructed energy E versus the distance d between the shower axis and the SD station located closest to the radio-detection systems (see Fig. 2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-characterization-of-the-simulation-codes-3dx6q7e7.png TABLE II. Characterization of the simulation codes. https://scispace.com/papers/problem-solving-methods-as-lessons-learned-system-4we70ohvdy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-methodology-instrument-3tcze9f9.png Table 1. Methodology instrument https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-probl-2i8mhxd2.png Fig. 3. Probl https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-articulation-b-vudh7rge.png Fig. 6. Articulation b https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-psm-methods-hanging-nq3yahtc.png Fig. 1. PSM methods hanging. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-safts-methodology-of-pms-19ld8iei.png Fig. 2. Saft’s methodology of PMS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-modification-management-p-7qa1anr6.png Fig. 5. Modification management p https://scispace.com/papers/procalcitonin-in-patients-undergoing-chronic-hemodialysis-2wfghpe320 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-pct-and-crp-levels-in-36-patients-on-chronic-hd-1uim2ya3.png Fig. 1. Mean PCT and CRP levels in 36 patients on chronic HD without systemic infections. https://scispace.com/papers/proceedings-of-the-1984-western-states-and-provinces-elk-3kqim64diw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-seasonal-diets-of-elk-by-range-1t47d1iy.png Figure 7. Seasonal diets of elk by range. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-annual-elk-harvest-from-the-jackson-hole-elk-herd-2utfuw5y.png Table 4. Annual elk harvest from the Jackson Hole elk herd 1976-1983. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distribution-of-ungulates-by-elevation-3cw4x4no.png Figure 5. Distribution of ungulates by elevation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overall-distribution-of-elk-by-habitat-type-3367tvm6.png Figure 1 . Overall distribution of elk by habitat type. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relationship-of-dapa-mg-per-gm-fecal-dry-matter-and-3tb1zbba.png Figure 5. Distribution of ungulates by elevation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-extra-market-benefit-estimates-by-1981-elk-hunters-1dvu3xpj.png Table 4. Annual elk harvest from the Jackson Hole elk herd 1976-1983. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-relative-forage-values-2btmweuj.png Table 5: Relative forage values https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-aum-and-stocking-rates-for-harrison-flats-1jhk2mg3.png Table 2. AUM and stocking rates for Harrison Flats. https://scispace.com/papers/proceedings-of-the-17th-international-conference-on-pattern-4ixxv5etqy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-final-result-for-the-example-given-in-fig-3-368if030.png Figure 5 Final result for the example given in Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-character-strings-and-rules-137phi5b.png Figure 4 Character strings and rules https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-an-image-with-medium-size-character-3pyf0755.png Figure 3 Example of an image with medium-size character https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-shows-the-results-obtained-by-combining-methods-15eskxtm.png Table 2 shows the results obtained by combining methods. Fusion is performed by ORing the results of the individual methods. The increase in recall is outbalanced by the decrease in precision. However, for the same f value, https://scispace.com/papers/proceedings-of-the-23rd-ieee-international-conference-on-zkg586aknj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-cardinality-of-the-polymorphic-call-sites-in-the-6t2m1mpg.png Fig. 8: The cardinality of the polymorphic call sites in the Smalltalk and the Java corpus, respectively https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sample-class-hierarchy-from-jhotdraw-with-multiple-3gnf5uyf.png Fig. 1: Sample class hierarchy from JHotDraw, with multiple implementations of the operation basicDisplayBox(Point, Point). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-distribution-of-the-proportion-of-polymorphic-call-i8x8nmc6.png Fig. 7: Distribution of the proportion of polymorphic call sites, as well as methods and classes having them, in (a) Smalltalk, (b) Java https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-polymorphism-is-endemic-in-both-java-a-and-smalltalk-b-neprxkz3.png Fig. 2: Polymorphism is endemic in both Java (a) and Smalltalk (b) versions of the main package of the HotDraw framework https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-core-model-1kmtyj12.png Fig. 4: The core model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-core-model-in-uml-the-entities-interface-and-type-2xxadek3.png Fig. 3: The core model in UML. The entities Interface and Type are relevant for Java, but not Smalltalk. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-largest-cardinalities-in-the-java-corpus-3mcs740j.png TABLE I: The largest cardinalities in the Java corpus https://scispace.com/papers/proceedings-of-the-ieee-international-conference-on-3bjin0yet4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-articulatory-feature-set-1synlmja.png Table 1. The articulatory feature set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-articulatory-feature-based-tandem-processing-2qj65euq.png Fig. 1. Articulatory feature-based tandem processing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-wers-for-the-monophone-systems-using-plp-and-plp-in-1q2xcccc.png Table 2. WERs (%) for the monophone systems using PLP, and PLP in combination with various tandem features, on the SVitchboard (SVBD) 500- word E set. The corpus name in parentheses refers to the MLP training set. All tandem systems except the last one concatenates PLP and tandem features, and “factoring” refers to factored observation modeling (cf. Section 5). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-wers-for-the-various-triphone-systems-on-the-2pmndzf6.png Table 3. WERs (%) for the various triphone systems on the SVitchboard 500-word E set. The number of states refers to the number of decision-tree clustered triphone states; the pair for the observation factored model is the number of states for the PLP and the tandem, respectively, factors. See Table 2 caption for the notation. https://scispace.com/papers/proceedings-winter-simulation-conference-13oqroly9t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rank-size-distribution-of-choices-after-2000-steps-3kddfuxs.png Figure 1: Rank-size distribution of choices after 2,000 steps of the model, for different value of µ , using the Barabasi-Albert network. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-number-of-times-the-top-ranked-by-popularity-3r305vwx.png Table 2: The number of times the top ranked (by popularity) alternative is selected after 2000 periods (average over 500 runs). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-network-statistics-averaged-across-500-realisations-1s74of0u.png Table 1: Network statistics: averaged across 500 realisations of each type. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lifespans-of-the-top-100-longest-surviving-choices-2znhhuxl.png Figure 2: Lifespans of the top 100 longest-surviving choices for the Watts-Strogatz (WS) network. https://scispace.com/papers/proceedings-of-the-5th-international-symposium-on-biological-3qewk41qfg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-4-2-tabaci-on-o-l-adults-survi-rel-xyviahny.png Fig. 7.4.2. tabaci on O. l adults survi rel https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-4-1-2pgss2l6.png Fig. 7.4.2. tabaci on O. l adults survi rel https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-5-1-diversity-of-parasitoid-species-of-dbm-along-the-2i0gb794.png Fig. 14.5.1. Diversity of parasitoid species of DBM along the altitudinal zones of Mt. Kilimanjaro and Taita hills. N = number of samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-3-1-sex-pheromone-trap-of-spodoptera-litura-with-dlmgj4iu.png Fig. 10.3.1. Sex pheromone trap of Spodoptera litura with automatic-counting device. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-4-1-torymus-sinensis-females-on-galls-of-dryocosmus-25aqaa9w.png Fig. 6.4.1. Torymus sinensis females on galls of Dryocosmus kuriphilus soon after the release on a heavy infested chestnut tree. https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-2-1-analysis-of-the-barriers-and-potential-to-2qseb6sk.png Table 12.2.1. Analysis of the barriers and potential to recommend biological control agents (BCAs) in response to plant clinic enquiries for the ten arthropod pests most frequently diagnosed at plant clinics in each countries: the availability of nationally produced pest management decision guides (PMDGs), the recommendation of BCAs by extension officers, the inclusion of BCA recommendations in nationally produced PMDGs, the availability of a suitable BCA at a national level and the availability of a suitable BCA in another country. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-6-1-unrooted-phylogenetic-tree-based-on-co1-neighbor-24yhrx0d.png Fig. 2.6.1. Unrooted phylogenetic tree based on CO1 (Neighbor-Joining/p-distance). Newly sequenced populations were named using the location name in California or EBCL colony Sequences from https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-5-1-a-parasitoid-host-food-web-constructed-from-2ggdabio.png Fig. 2.5.1. A parasitoid-host food web constructed from simulated data. a) The top row of bars depicts parasitoid species and the bottom row represents the host species, with links between them representing feeding interactions. This is a quantitative food web, so bar and link thicknesses represent, respectively, the relative abundance of species or relative frequency of interactions. b) The same web can be presented as a parasitoid overlap graph. Here the circles around the periphery each represent a host species, and a link between two hosts indicates that they share at least one parasitoid species. The thickness of links indicates the relative proportion of parasitoids shared with a particular host. https://scispace.com/papers/process-aggregation-using-web-services-40zmxaunhi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-process-aggregation-with-web-services-21ohwe05.png Figure 2. Process Aggregation with Web Services https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-process-management-workflow-p67nycpz.png Figure 4. Process Management Workflow https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-global-telecom-s-web-services-interfaces-1ftugsaq.png Figure 1. Global Telecom's Web Services Interfaces https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-process-aggregator-platform-1d7dmnys.png Figure 3. Process Aggregator Platform https://scispace.com/papers/process-design-and-economic-evaluation-of-green-extraction-58xwvgqti5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-process-flowsheet-for-full-scale-asx-extraction-1amhr2o6.png Fig. 3. Process flowsheet for full scale ASX extraction process using methyl ester of sunflower oil https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-process-flowsheet-for-the-full-scale-asx-extraction-3k9lmxrc.png Fig. 1. Process flowsheet for the full scale ASX extraction process using of a mixture organic solvent. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-process-flowsheet-for-the-full-scale-asx-extraction-pqifz5kn.png Fig. 2. Process flowsheet for the full scale ASX extraction process using sunflower oil. The processes in the box refer to the shrimp feed production application. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-key-economic-evaluation-results-for-the-three-ocueav0u.png Table 4: Key economic evaluation results for the three different ASX extraction scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-process-flowsheet-for-the-full-scale-asx-extraction-25gefhsi.png Fig. 4. Process flowsheet for the full scale ASX extraction process using supercritical fluid extraction (SC-CO2+ 5% EtOH) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-assumptions-used-for-estimating-the-operational-z3blf768.png Table 3: Assumptions used for estimating the operational costs in the four ASX extraction process designs (using Peters et al. (2004), unless otherwise stated) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-astaxanthin-content-in-various-shrimp-species-151jkkey.png Table 1: Astaxanthin content in various shrimp species residue measured after non-green organic solvent extraction https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-capital-cost-assumptions-used-to-estimate-the-2ax6z7js.png Table 2: Capital cost assumptions used to estimate the capital cost for the four ASX extraction process designs https://scispace.com/papers/process-based-derivation-of-requirements-for-medical-devices-2rfrl2lk8l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pump-example-overall-process-requirement-as-an-fsa-1x4rz066.png Figure 2: Pump example: Overall process requirement as an FSA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-icd-derived-requirement-as-an-fsa-3hg4gly6.png Figure 4: ICD derived requirement as an FSA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-for-the-requirement-derivation-algorithm-1i8xkvbx.png Figure 1: Flowchart for the requirement derivation algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pump-derived-requirement-as-an-fsa-3iai3s44.png Figure 3: Pump derived requirement as an FSA https://scispace.com/papers/process-evaluation-of-the-sophia-step-study-a-primary-care-27jdy6refa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-by-intervention-group-g1qike7e.png Table 1 Baseline characteristics by intervention group https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-intervention-flow-diagram-showing-number-of-27yxhutt.png Fig. 3 Intervention flow diagram showing number of participants adhering to the respective intervention component, by study center https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-distribution-of-change-in-steps-from-baseline-to-1tf80w7t.png Fig. 7 Distribution of change in steps from baseline to 12months for respective allocated group https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-differences-in-daily-steps-and-accelerometer-2f0c4m3q.png Table 2 Mean differences in daily steps and accelerometer wear time between baseline and 6months and baseline and 12months for each intervention group https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-percentage-in-each-intervention-group-reaching-5000-2cegiipi.png Fig. 4 Percentage in each intervention group reaching 5000 steps or more at baseline and after 6- and 12-months intervention https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-framework-for-the-process-evaluation-of-sophia-step-po2ae6oy.png Fig. 1 Framework for the process evaluation of Sophia Step Study. The shaded areas are described in this study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-percentage-in-each-intervention-group-reaching-7000-2ydfi1pe.png Fig. 5 Percentage in each intervention group reaching 7000 steps or more at baseline and after 6- and 12-months intervention https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-distribution-of-change-in-steps-from-baseline-to-6-3ok0r9mz.png Fig. 6 Distribution of change in steps from baseline to 6 months for respective allocated group https://scispace.com/papers/process-modeling-for-simulation-4li8248wni 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-simple-sad-2nefpvso.png Fig. 7. A Simple SAD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sad-branching-elements-y0vb6r6u.png Fig. 4. SAD Branching elements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sad-modeling-elements-2ctioo5m.png Fig. 8. SAD modeling elements https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-life-cycle-of-a-simulation-study-pidd-1989-29hza0ak.png Fig. 1. The Life cycle of a simulation Study (Pidd 1989). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structured-language-15n2t0cc.png Table 1 Structured language https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-elaboration-description-of-inspection-area-1w9xkiyl.png Table 3 Elaboration description of Inspection Area https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sad-link-types-2bcddddu.png Fig. 5. SAD Link Types. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sad-actions-2wjpi0co.png Fig. 3. SAD Actions. https://scispace.com/papers/process-optimization-of-a-fixed-bed-reactor-system-for-34zzf7eyc1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-model-validation-for-desorption-with-a-the-desorption-32x2u4ro.png Fig. 5. Model validation for desorption with (a) the desorption temperature over time during desorption with N2 at reduced pressure for multiple purge gas flow rates and (b) the difference between experimental results and model simulations for atmospheric desorption (atm.) and vacuum desorption (vac.) at multiple purge gas flow rates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-two-dimensional-sensitivity-analyses-with-the-effect-6p691xi5.png Fig. 6. Two dimensional sensitivity analyses with the effect of working capacity and adsorption gas velocity on (a) daily productivity and (b) energy duty and the effect of working capacity and desorption temperature on (c) daily productivity and (d) energy duty. In the graphs presenting the energy duty, the filled symbols represent the total energy duty and the open symbols represent the fraction thermal energy of this total. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-properties-of-the-solid-amine-sorbent-3b0kxpjy.png Table 1 Physical properties of the solid amine sorbent. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-distribution-of-energy-requirements-and-daily-18pu69zm.png Fig. 8. Distribution of energy requirements and daily productivity for the selected regeneration strategies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-distribution-of-energy-consumption-as-function-of-1rnnor2a.png Fig. 7. Distribution of energy consumption as function of desorption temperature for a CO2 working capacity of 0.6 mol/kg. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-occurrences-of-a-combination-of-temperature-and-1puar65n.png Fig. 9. Occurrences of a combination of temperature and humidity in Enschede, the Netherlands throughout one year (KNMI, 2020). The H2O equilibrium capacity following the GAB model (Eq. (6)) for each combination of temperature and relative humidity are indicated with the colour map. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-of-a-single-fixed-bed-reactor-31heumo1.png Fig. 1. Experimental setup of a single fixed bed reactor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-co2-isotherms-at-low-partial-pressure-under-dry-2z8geksn.png Fig. 2. (a) CO2 isotherms at low partial pressure under dry conditions, (b) H2O equilibrium capacity as function of relative humidity for a constant temperature (15 – 35◦C) and constant H2O partial pressure (2 and 4 kPa). Experimental data for the H2O isotherm are taken from Veneman et al., 2015 and fitted to the GAB model in this work. https://scispace.com/papers/process-placement-in-multicore-clusters-algorithmic-issues-3isomd3u15 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-standard-deviation-gures-for-10-runs-of-zeus-mp-2-2j9k8ufs.png Table 1: Standard deviation gures for 10 runs of ZEUS-MP/2 CFD application with 64 processes (mhd blast case) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-average-execution-time-ratio-between-treematch-and-d04cfz7n.png Figure 10: Average execution time ratio between TreeMatch and other placement methods for the NAS benchmarks. Results projected by metrics (number of messages, data size or average message size) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-average-execution-time-ratio-between-treematch-and-3sdbigmx.png Figure 11: Average execution time ratio between TreeMatch and other placement methods for the NAS benchmarks. Results projected by Class (C: average problem size, D: large problem size). Metric Avg excluded https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-communication-pattern-of-cg-c-64-3rmydp8h.png Figure 1: Communication pattern of CG.C.64 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-input-example-of-the-treematch-algorithm-49yp8ke7.png Figure 5: Input Example of the TreeMatch Algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-zeus-mp-2-metric-msg-256-processes-25dhes12.png Figure 16: ZEUS-MP/2 (metric: msg, 256 processes) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-network-fragmentation-3efgdl26.png Figure 7: Network fragmentation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-average-mapping-computation-time-comparison-for-1wjd1e64.png Figure 8: Average mapping computation time comparison for various placement methods https://scispace.com/papers/processes-of-conflict-de-escalation-in-madagascar-1947-1996-dt1t7h94ho 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-types-of-boundary-construction-of-the-self-and-the-2u9zgfyj.png Table 1 Types of boundary construction of the self and the other https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-timeline-of-the-episodes-of-conflict-in-madagascar-2x6k0dzs.png Figure 1. Timeline of the episodes of conflict in Madagascar. The triangles represent the episodes of conflict and the circles the shifts of conflict stages. In order to be able to put the episodes of conflict in a timeline, we have chosen to put dates with five year intervals. The episodes of conflict occurred in 1947, 1971, 1972, 1975, 1984, 1991, 2002 and 2009. We https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-accommodation-policies-in-situations-of-de-2spizk3s.png Table 2 Accommodation policies in situations of de-escalation https://scispace.com/papers/processing-and-characterisation-of-standard-and-doped-alite-skcwz5xivo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-degree-of-reaction-of-the-main-phases-alite-belite-365xm8zg.png Table 3. Degree of reaction of the main phases (alite, belite and alpha-belite) at all studied ages for the four selected samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mineralogical-composition-determined-by-rqpa-of-both-3ngahpu0.png Table 1. Mineralogical composition determined by RQPA of both cements, including the ACn [8]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-of-the-thixotropic-cycle-of-both-family-157bb6yr.png Table 2. Values of the thixotropic cycle of both family pastes prepared at different w/c ratios and different amounts of superplasticiser. https://scispace.com/papers/processing-count-queries-over-event-streams-at-multiple-time-bbspvrkbgb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-event-stream-31p4ffwu.png Fig. 1. An example of event stream. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-transformation-d1-d3-3q8d1nch.png Table 4 Transformation D1 ! D3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-transformation-with-granularity-2-z23hj2su.png Fig. 2. Transformation with granularity 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-transformation-d1-d2-for-d10-25soc5yv.png Fig. 3. Transformation D1 ! D2 for d10. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-summary-of-the-experiments-conducted-for-varying-pdogxuqd.png Table 8 Summary of the experiments conducted for varying number of event streams https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-relative-estimation-errors-vs-support-threshold-3fdza3jd.png Fig. 18. Relative estimation errors vs. support threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-estimation-error-counts-vs-number-of-events-1034h5fd.png Fig. 19. Estimation error counts vs. number of events. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-absolute-estimation-errors-vs-number-of-events-3l52rolw.png Fig. 20. Absolute estimation errors vs. number of events. https://scispace.com/papers/processing-heterogeneous-collections-in-xml-information-276gje0wji 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-structure-factor-2fmz152v.png Fig. 2. The Structure Factor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-adhoc-results-for-svcas-and-vvcas-sub-tasks-2g2ykx2u.png Fig. 4. Adhoc Results for SVCAS and VVCAS sub tasks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-nesting-factor-2zrvixkm.png Fig. 1. The Nesting Factor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-co-occurrence-factor-2j22mge5.png Fig. 3. The Co-occurrence Factor https://scispace.com/papers/processing-metaphorical-expressions-in-sight-translation-an-1q0b2ajzzd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-metaphor-processing-ratio-2vgsn0im.png Table 2. Metaphor Processing Ratio https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-basic-information-on-the-two-source-texts-1mh948o2.png Table 1. Basic information on the two source texts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flesch-reading-ease-score-generated-by-editcentral-1m015k8a.png Figure 1. Flesch Reading Ease score (generated by Editcentral.com) and LIX score (generated by Scorestandardschmandards.com) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-word-frequency-scores4-of-text-a-and-text-b-2twaj1c0.png Figure 2. Word frequency scores4 of Text A and Text B (generated by VocabProfile/BNC) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-oscillographic-representation-of-the-str-production-1wioq6t0.png Figure 4. Oscillographic representation of the STR production of a sentence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-project-from-the-event-track-to-the-time-track-2hu8361y.png Figure 3. Project from the event track to the time track https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-q-and-a-results-from-the-questionnaires-on-49ct8n9y.png Table 4. Q and A results from the questionnaires on difficulties encountered in metaphor STR https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-examples-of-inappropriate-expressions-3u4kypdt.png Table 5. Examples of inappropriate expressions https://scispace.com/papers/processor-affinity-and-mpi-performance-on-smp-cmp-clusters-1iusqmh9k2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-mg-results-hnrjf6xm.png Fig. 13: MG Results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-impacts-on-different-message-sizes-1k9p6i3f.png Fig. 9: Impacts on different message sizes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-impacts-on-different-communication-patterns-37krwj2u.png Fig. 10: Impacts on different communication patterns https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-cg-results-12nz2hwz.png Fig. 11: CG Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-inter-node-intra-node-communication-ratios-246jb1g6.png TABLE I: Inter-node/Intra-node communication ratios https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-lu-results-1m3tyk9w.png Fig. 12: LU Results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-graph-model-for-the-nodes-in-the-amd-cluster-1jca048s.png Fig. 4: Graph model for the nodes in the AMD cluster https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-graph-model-for-the-nodes-in-the-intel-cluster-20wh0xl6.png Fig. 3: Graph model for the nodes in the Intel cluster https://scispace.com/papers/processor-reliability-enhancement-through-compiler-directed-1evxcprp9y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-access-pattern-based-register-classification-qh2b3p7r.png TABLE II ACCESS PATTERN-BASED REGISTER CLASSIFICATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cumulative-register-access-ratio-3q9r1lwg.png Fig. 1. Cumulative register access ratio https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-building-a-shuffle-window-through-swapping-register-d9rw8npa.png Fig. 5. Building a shuffle window through swapping register values at loop entry and exit https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-reduction-in-peak-temperature-of-the-entire-chip-3qrzlpzk.png Fig. 9. Reduction in peak temperature of the entire chip https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-loop-example-obtained-from-bzip2-o2h8aig8.png Fig. 2. A loop example obtained from bzip2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-gate-level-logic-for-translating-register-names-vv2qwbca.png Fig. 6. Gate-level logic for translating register names https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-the-design-complexity-of-gf-multipliers-1sv91zu3.png TABLE III THE DESIGN COMPLEXITY OF GF MULTIPLIERS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-use-of-the-two-shuffle-functions-to-shift-2s6mjdr6.png TABLE I THE USE OF THE TWO SHUFFLE FUNCTIONS TO SHIFT REGISTER NAMES IN THE bzip2 EXAMPLE, B = 1, O = 1, T = 7 https://scispace.com/papers/processus-decisionnels-de-markov-possibilistes-a-4znjg2u5ft 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mission-robotique-de-reconnaissance-de-cibles-3ccziotg.png Figure 3. Mission robotique de reconnaissance de cibles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparaison-des-moyennes-de-la-somme-des-2kx91nso.png Figure 4. Comparaison des moyennes de la somme des récompenses à l’exécution, pour les modèles probabilistes et possibilistes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representation-graphique-dun-p-pdmom-1kypxshi.png Figure 1. Représentation graphique d’un π-PDMOM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-exemple-de-p-pdm-pour-lequel-toutes-les-actions-1pfc8k34.png Figure 2. Exemple de π-PDM pour lequel toutes les actions sont gourmandes https://scispace.com/papers/procost-towards-a-powerful-early-stage-cost-estimating-tool-4dmskjkb6o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-analysis-results-summary-j8q9h23t.png Table 4: Regression analysis results summary https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-elemental-format-considered-3nhmn5nd.png Table 2: The elemental format considered https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-characteristics-of-the-best-model-selected-for-258u5soi.png Table 3: The characteristics of the best model selected for each element https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-identified-cost-significant-variables-3qniz5or.png Table 1: The identified cost significant variables https://scispace.com/papers/procurement-decisions-in-multi-period-supply-chain-4iogmzk97u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-1a-and-1b-demonstrate-the-profits-of-the-supply-ggqa7v0u.png Figures 1a and 1b demonstrate the profits of the supply chain members if the retailer makes procurement planning for five consecutive cycle. It is found that Scenario BM is always outperformed by both scenarios BP and SI. It is found that the profit functions of the retailer does not demonstrate a cumulatively pattern. Due to additional procurement in the first selling period, the profit functions demonstrate that nature. However, one can not conclude with regards to the optimality of the procurement planning of the retailer. https://scispace.com/papers/prodige-59-durigast-trial-a-randomised-phase-ii-study-45m8xeypvv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-32xqaavw.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-design-of-safety-run-in-phase-and-randomised-phase-17lmfs8t.png Figure 1. Design of safety run-in phase and randomised phase II. 1a. First safety run-in phase with FOLFIRI plus Durvalumab (n=5) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-inclusion-and-exclusion-criteria-1faoo5p8.png Table 2. Main inclusion and exclusion criteria https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1a-1c7ff7ue.png Figure 1. Design of safety run-in phase and randomised phase II. 1a. First safety run-in phase with FOLFIRI plus Durvalumab (n=5) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1b-231gaes3.png Figure 1. Design of safety run-in phase and randomised phase II. 1a. First safety run-in phase with FOLFIRI plus Durvalumab (n=5) https://scispace.com/papers/producing-3d-applications-for-urban-planning-by-integrating-4ths0xsud3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-exterior-scans-around-jactin-house-left-and-27082vri.png Figure 1 Exterior scans around Jactin house (left) and interior scans inside the Jactin House (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-jactin-house-cad-model-is-developed-3bgkfxo1.png Figure 2 Jactin House CAD model is developed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-images-of-windows-generated-by-bdis-right-3d-t0xnqt2c.png Figure 5 Left, images of windows generated by BDIS; Right, 3D VRML model of just windows and doors in Jactin House https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-veps-conceptual-architecture-1wgsjmxy.png Figure 9 VEPS conceptual architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-integrated-citygml-file-displayed-in-38dszhs7.png Figure 4 The integrated CityGML file displayed in Aristoteles3D viewer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-merged-ground-based-3d-building-scanning-with-27gzyuy5.png Figure 8: Merged Ground Based 3D building scanning with airborne scanning of the surrounding area (left), and converted scanning model was displayed with converted ESRI shape file (right) of Jactin House https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-report-of-the-survey-of-windows-and-doors-in-3iem9jjs.png Figure 7: A report of the survey of windows and doors in Jactin House https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-intelcities-bdis-top-level-data-flow-diagram-31tnr98f.png Figure 6: IntelCities BDIS top level data flow diagram https://scispace.com/papers/producing-the-capacity-to-govern-in-global-sydney-a-2v7z62d9i1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pddqf7xk.png TABLE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3g8drsx2.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/papers/product-driven-systems-facing-unexpected-perturbations-how-2gghveqqmq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-identified-solution-methods-according-to-several-uhcc9yoe.png Fig. 1. - Identified solution methods according to several criteria https://scispace.com/papers/producing-translationally-cold-ground-state-co-molecules-55vx5fbo5k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relevant-energy-levels-of-12c16o-involved-in-the-wzi3js2y.png FIG. 1. Relevant energy levels of 12C16O involved in the unidirectional optical transfer demonstrated here. CO molecules are prepared in the a3 1, v = 0 metastable state by laser excitation from the electronic ground state. The metastable CO molecules can be slowed down to low velocities using a Stark decelerator and can then be optically pumped to the J ′ = 1 level in the short-lived A1 , v′ = 1/d3 1, v′ = 5 state. Up to 28% of the molecules in the metastable state can thus be transferred to the absolute ground level X1 +, v′′ = 0, N ′′ = 0. The inset shows the Stark shifts for the lowest three rotational levels of ground-state 12C16O (labelled as (N ′′, |M ′′|)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spectrum-of-the-a1-v-1-j-2-a3-1-v-0-j-1-transition-211vprqs.png FIG. 5. Spectrum of the A1 , v′ = 1, J ′ = 2 ← a3 1, v = 0, J = 1 transition measured in electric fields up to 1.14 kV/cm. The black (grey) curves correspond to the situation where the light is polarized perpendicular (parallel) to the electric field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spectrum-of-the-d3-1-v-5-j-1-a3-1-v-0-j-1-transition-2uu1s7sv.png FIG. 4. Spectrum of the d3 1, v′ = 5, J ′ = 1 ← a3 1, v = 0, J = 1 transition measured in electric fields up to 1.14 kV/cm. The black (grey) curves correspond to the situation where the light is polarized perpendicular (parallel) to the electric field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-vuv-fluorescence-intensity-as-a-function-of-time-for-d5tizvdf.png FIG. 3. VUV fluorescence intensity as a function of time for CO molecules laser excited to the negative parity component of the A1 , v′ = 1, J ′ = 1 level (squares) and the d3 1, v′ = 5, J ′ = 1 (dots) level. The solid curves result from a least-squares fit to singly exponentially decaying transients. In the inset, the tails of the VUV fluorescence data are shown on a logarithmic scale, together with the best fitting straight lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-vuv-excitation-spectrum-of-metastable-12c16o-molecules-2whkko0e.png FIG. 2. VUV excitation spectrum of metastable 12C16O molecules. Using a pulsed laser, the molecules are optically excited from the upper (positive parity) -doublet component of the a3 1, v = 0, J = 1 level to the levels indicated in the figure, while the intensity of the VUV fluorescence back to the ground-state is recorded. https://scispace.com/papers/product-innovation-and-population-dynamics-in-the-german-a0a3c0lo8l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-product-life-cycles-and-industry-life-cycle46-bei0ddtm.png Figure 4.1: Product life cycles and industry life cycle46 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-life-cycle-market-entries-and-exits-in-the-17wosfox.png Figure 4.5: Life cycle, market entries and exits in the insurance industry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2-development-of-sectoral-employment-in-germany-3s5lanba.png Figure 6.2: Development of sectoral employment in Germany, 1882 to 192675 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-population-density-of-german-casualty-property-xd0u77vz.png Figure 6.1: Population density of German casualty & property insurance companies72 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-insurance-as-transfer-of-risk-and-information13-64p0hq98.png Figure 3.1: Insurance as transfer of risk and information13 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3-index-of-premium-income-and-gdp-in-germany76-237vrsar.png Figure 6.3: Index of premium income and GDP in Germany76 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-4-number-of-internal-product-innovations-1950-101fmhf6.png Figure 6.4: Number of internal product innovations, 1950-199878 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-results-of-the-negative-binomial-regression-1950-27luie52.png Table 6.1: Results of the negative binomial regression, 1950-199879 https://scispace.com/papers/product-line-assurance-cases-from-contract-based-design-49zo4xkej3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-15-content-of-module-m35-1m2oel24.png Figure 5.15: Content of module M35. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-13-module-view-for-a-part-of-the-assurance-case-for-1hv82s0h.png Figure 5.13: Module view for a part of the assurance case for the FLD system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-10-environment-independent-pattern-for-each-2ugvs9fv.png Figure 5.10: Environment-independent pattern for each component C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-graphical-representation-of-a-toy-specification-2186857e.png Figure 5.3: Graphical representation of a toy specification structure (a), and the corresponding architecture (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-5-example-proper-pl-specification-structure-a-the-3uvu9941.png Figure 5.5: Example proper PL specification structure (a), the corresponding PL architecture (b), and example presence conditions (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-underlying-methodology-and-relations-between-the-ljuq6yfb.png Figure 5.1: Underlying methodology and relations between the elements of the present paper. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-analyzed-artifacts-of-the-fld-1m95olbq.png Table 5.1: Analyzed artifacts of the FLD https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-example-feature-model-a-and-the-corresponding-3i9kiv8b.png Figure 5.2: Example feature model (a), and the corresponding encoding as Boolean formulas (b). https://scispace.com/papers/product-line-use-cases-scenario-based-specification-and-vhkjdqcc8i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-3-another-pluc-example-13ctn6bt.png Fig. 11.3. Another PLUC example https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-5-some-test-scenarios-26szak7r.png Fig. 11.5. Some test scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-4-main-test-categories-for-the-gameplay-pluc-2dc36cw3.png Fig. 11.4. Main test categories for the GamePlay PLUC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-1-use-cases-template-2yg209mb.png Fig. 11.1. Use Cases template https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-2-example-of-a-use-case-in-the-pluc-notation-2a00u408.png Fig. 11.2. Example of a Use Case in the PLUC notation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-6-main-test-categories-for-the-callanswer-pluc-131gelot.png Fig. 11.6. Main test categories for the CallAnswer PLUC https://scispace.com/papers/product-lifecycle-management-in-knowledge-intensive-3lm1g9crca 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-expected-process-flow-1hx8z5om.png Fig. 3. Expected Process Flow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-main-stages-of-the-die-set-development-process-upxjqbtu.png Fig. 2. Main stages of the die-set development process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-overview-of-the-architecture-of-the-solution-717m8wkr.png Fig. 11. Overview of the architecture of the solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-totally-integrated-knowledge-and-documents-managemen-22zlvmy4.png Fig. 10. Totally integrated knowledge and documents managemen. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-main-interaction-in-1f1r4g7g.png Fig. 5. Main interaction in https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-savings-after-hpm-introduction-10m7m4n7.png Table 1 Savings after HPM introduction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flexibility-vs-efficiency-in-process-management-36f6tg8n.png Fig. 1. Flexibility vs. Efficiency in Process Management. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-problem-solving-support-including-2ycitthr.png Fig. 14. Problem solving support, including https://scispace.com/papers/product-market-competition-stock-price-informativeness-and-3jhy42s532 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-results-for-models-1-and-2-1eirq0ks.png Table 2 Regression results for models (1) and (2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-results-for-models-3-and-4-1sbofh05.png Table 3 Regression results for models (3) and (4) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-composition-and-descriptive-statistics-2wnvm0rk.png Table 1 Sample Composition and Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-robustness-tests-3glyqi31.png Table 4 Robustness tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-product-market-competition-over-years-1999-2013-336rya0g.png Figure 1 Product Market Competition over years 1999 - 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-composition-and-descriptive-statistics-3ps39o8f.png Table 1 Sample Composition and Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/papers/product-market-regulation-firm-selection-and-unemployment-4azi9ds3lw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2aon1d12.png TABLE 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-unemployment-rate-with-respect-to-setup-and-redtape-mekpa0rt.png Figure 6: unemployment rate with respect to SETUP and REDTAPE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ju5stu2c.png TABLE 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2ndcus4j.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-equilibrium-threshold-productivity-ybbsuukg.png Figure 1: Equilibrium threshold productivity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-pmr-on-the-unemployment-rate-wn739ej4.png Figure 4: Effect of PMR on the unemployment rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-pmr-with-varying-mark-up-3jay6o1g.png Figure 5: Effect of PMR with varying mark-up. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-equilibrium-tightness-and-productivity-distribution-35eh6zfq.png Figure 3: Equilibrium tightness and productivity distribution. https://scispace.com/papers/product-variety-and-economic-growth-empirical-evidence-for-4ajqmmil6o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relative-product-variety-based-upon-exports-and-2qj87lye.png Figure 4: Relative Product Variety Based Upon Exports and Imports of Secondary Products https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-iv-growth-regressions-for-the-oecd-countries-1fj2zygq.png Table 3: IV Growth Regressions for the OECD Countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relative-product-variety-based-upon-exports-of-3eh3pnt6.png Figure 3: Relative Product Variety Based Upon Exports of Secondary Products https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relative-product-variety-based-upon-exports-and-2ca0z2bj.png Figure 2: Relative Product Variety Based Upon Exports and Imports https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-panel-unit-root-tests-for-the-sample-of-18-oecd-1cqbbwma.png Table 1: Panel Unit Root Tests for the Sample of 18 OECD Countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-iv-growth-regressions-for-the-oecd-countries-3tmbc4av.png Table 2: IV Growth Regressions for the OECD Countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relative-product-variety-based-upon-exports-3nsys6is.png Figure 1: Relative Product Variety Based Upon Exports https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-index-of-product-variety-in-the-u-s-1989-1996-all-2mxh0p0k.png Figure 5: Index of Product Variety in the U.S., 1989 - 1996 (All Series 1989 = 100) https://scispace.com/papers/production-and-decay-of-charmed-particles-in-e-e-collisions-2eemxwm7rz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-study65-of-d-t-dow-the-dw-o-mass-difference-is-shown-1m0um8ud.png Fig. 22. StUdy65 of D*T + DOw+; the Dw-O mass difference is shown (a) for D-+ + DOw+ vith DO + K-w+, and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-a-composite-graph-illustrating-the-various-1to5cm7t.png Fig. 19. A composite graph illustrating the various contributions to R, the total hadronic cross section over cr~~. The top curve is a sketch of R, hand https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-r-as-a-function-of-energy-as-m-asured-by-the-ilelco-2xi4yp9c.png Fig. 12. R as a function of energy as m,asured by the IlELCO experiment1 at the tjI( 3172). https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-the-branching-fraction-for-d-semileptonic-decay-1bkp15fz.png TABLE VII. The branching fraction for D semileptonic decay inte electrons as measured by various experiments. For https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-diagrams-illustrating-channed-particle-19sbfkln.png Fig. 4. Schematic diagrams illustrating channed particle decays. The wavy lines represent the Wboson, solid lines are hadrons or leptons. Diagrams (a)-(d) are https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-also-gives-the-most-recent-theoretical-predictions-gam20jpz.png Table V also gives the most recent theoretical predictions for these decays, as estimated by Eichten et al. 47 For the 0* .... DY they use the ~aive quark model formula https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2la-the-curves-a-through-h-represent-the-various-3sxwuhau.png Fig. 2la. The curves A through H represent the various possible ways to obtain a 0° either from decays of 0* or directly. Figure 21 shows the result of a simultaneous fit to the 0° and 0+ data. These curves were obtained with the following assumptions: https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-cross-sections-for-do-and-d-production-at-nv369jvh.png TABLE III. Cross sections for DO and D+ production at different e+e- energies. 5 The last column gives the D contribution, RDD , to the total hadronic cross section https://scispace.com/papers/production-guided-concurrency-debugging-47cded6n5t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-schematic-view-of-the-program-in-figure-2-boxes-3rioo4i2.png Figure 5: a) Schematic view of the program in Figure 2: boxes represent basic blocks, arrows depict conditional jumps (0 means false and 1 means true), dashed arrows depict unconditional jumps, round shapes represent program’s exit points, and [z > 0] represents a path condition; b) Per-thread symbolic traces path for three different correct production runs. T11:10 indicates that the trace for thread T1 from production run 1 has path id 10; c) Trace database, with per-thread path ids organized into prefix trees. The node label “-” indicates the root of the prefix tree. d) Production-guided schedule search employed by Cortex to find the failing schedule. SST stands for synthesized symbolic trace. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-branch-condition-flipping-arrows-and-dashed-arrows-25s5u775.png Figure 6: Branch condition flipping. Arrows and dashed arrows represent conditional and unconditional control-flow, respectively. Thicker arrows represent the execution path followed by the thread. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-a-multithreaded-program-with-a-3crr6t98.png Figure 1: Example of a multithreaded program with a scheduledependent bug. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-a-multithreaded-program-with-a-path-and-1tm5x0r9.png Figure 2: Example of a multithreaded program with a path and schedule dependent bug. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-differential-path-schedule-projection-1cdngiqp.png Figure 7: Differential path-schedule projection. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dpsp-conciseness-reduction-achieved-by-cortex-in-1m38qk52.png Table 4: DPSP conciseness. Reduction achieved by Cortex in terms of number of data-flows and events with respect to full failing schedules (“*” indicates bugs that are schedule-dependent only). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-between-cortex-and-other-systematic-2v4xxtgj.png Table 3: Comparison between Cortex and other systematic concurrency testing techniques. Data for MCR and ICB-DPOR as reported by J. Huang et al. [17] (“*” indicates bugs that are schedule-dependent only). Shaded cells indicate the cases where Cortex outperforms the other systems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-detail-of-production-guided-schedule-search-2ulia74n.png Figure 4: Detail of production-guided schedule search. https://scispace.com/papers/production-networks-in-east-asia-what-we-know-so-far-4g0ti2uqw6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-stability-of-east-asian-production-networks-1m7u2tyh.png Figure 7: Stability of East Asian Production Networks https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-intraregional-and-extra-regional-exports-by-east-6txff4fh.png Table 1: Intraregional and Extra-regional Exports by East Asia: Comparison with Europe and America https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-fragmentation-theory-production-blocks-and-1hzmxbai.png Figure 2: The Fragmentation Theory: Production Blocks and Service Links https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-two-dimensional-fragmentation-an-illustration-2igg9tug.png Figure 4: Two-dimensional Fragmentation: An Illustration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-share-of-machinery-in-total-exports-and-imports-of-2r9qc175.png Figure 1: Share of Machinery in Total Exports and Imports of Manufactured Goods, 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparative-advantage-in-the-manufacturing-sector-zgzmwlst.png Figure 6: Comparative Advantage in the Manufacturing Sector in 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-production-networks-the-us-mexico-nexus-versus-east-36ha5sah.png Figure 3: Production Networks: The US-Mexico Nexus versus East Asia https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-machinery-as-a-share-of-total-exports-and-imports-1jax21vy.png Figure 5: Machinery as a Share of Total Exports and Imports of Manufactured Goods, 2007: East Asia Only https://scispace.com/papers/production-and-productivity-of-1-3-propanediol-from-glycerol-4q4n7p8j55 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-range-and-levels-of-the-independent-3gpeqogf.png Table 1 Experimental range and levels of the independent variables used in central composite design. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-contour-and-surface-plots-of-13-propanediol-13j6mgdd.png Fig. 2. Contour and surface plots of 1,3-propanediol productivity by K. pneumoniae GLC29 using glycerol. Effects of the interaction between pH and temperature (A), pH and a nd gly https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-analysis-of-variance-for-13-propanediol-productivity-13u0ji5k.png Table 6 Analysis of variance for 1,3-propanediol productivity by Klebsiella pneumoniae GLC29 from glycerol. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-model-coefficient-estimated-by-multiple-linear-ud2idfs9.png Table 3 Model coefficient estimated by multiple linear regression for 1,3-propanediol production by Klebsiella pneumoniae GLC29. https://scispace.com/papers/production-of-biodiesel-from-waste-cooking-oil-in-a-4jd090ty05 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chemical-composition-of-the-bentonite-used-for-the-3jnifg3s.png Table 2. Chemical composition of the bentonite used for the agglomeration of Zr-SBA-15 catalyst (on a dry basis). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-waste-cooking-oil-wco-used-as-reaction-20ij4zcg.png Table 1. Properties of waste cooking oil (WCO) used as reaction feedstock. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-physico-chemical-properties-of-zr-sba-15-based-1ex9i1iu.png Table 3. Physico-chemical properties of Zr-SBA-15-based catalysts, before and after the agglomeration treatment and catalytic run. https://scispace.com/papers/production-of-high-coercivity-materials-based-on-bafe-12-o-44iuwjfcj0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-microstructure-of-barium-ferrite-after-quenching-on-dod9z6h8.png Fig. 6. Microstructure of barium ferrite after quenching on the disk and subsequent annealing at 1200 K for 2 hours https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-thermograms-of-the-barium-ferrite-quenched-on-the-201gvmyw.png Figure 4. Thermograms of the barium ferrite quenched on the disk: a) in air, b) in argon https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diffraction-pattern-of-barium-ferrite-initial-quenched-1hsujobx.png Fig 1. Diffraction pattern of barium ferrite: initial, quenched in various media (in air, in water, on the copper disk) and annealed at 1000 K and 1200 K for 2 hours https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-magnetic-properties-of-barium-ferrite-samples-1zc2b823.png Table 1. Magnetic properties of barium ferrite samples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-morphological-pattern-of-ba-ferrite-powders-2yl7ph6b.png Figure 2. Morphological pattern of Ba-ferrite powders quenched after plasma spraying: a - in air; b - on the surface of the copper disk (the inset shows the electron diffraction pattern https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dependences-of-the-coercive-force-hc-and-the-3v084bqm.png Fig. 5. Dependences of the coercive force Hc and the saturation magnetization σs on the temperature of isochronous annealing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mossbauer-spectrum-of-the-barium-ferrite-sample-after-12bo7wlt.png Fig 3. Mössbauer spectrum of the barium ferrite sample after plasma treatment and quenching on the disk https://scispace.com/papers/production-of-hydrogen-for-clean-and-renewable-source-of-fqziij0lg7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-15-operation-for-an-mpp-of-about-3550-w-december-3j8ww767.png Figure 1.15: Operation for an MPP of about 3550 W, December 2007. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-current-density-ma-cm2-versus-voltage-v-for-cobalt-16uk4g1a.png Figure 11. Current density (mA/cm2) versus voltage (V) for cobalt oxide (Co3O4)/nickel oxide (NiO). Dark and light illumination initial results are shown. (Co- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-uv-vis-plot-for-cobalt-oxide-nickel-oxide-co-2z39opi2.png Figure 12. UV-vis plot for cobalt oxide / nickel oxide co-sputtered film. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-chemical-resistance-of-the-treated-solar-cell-in-koh-28svysqb.png Table 6. Chemical resistance of the treated solar cell in KOH https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-power-plot-of-current-density-versus-dynamic-1f53dl7s.png Fig. 2. The power plot of current density versus dynamic cathodic over-potential (Vcc) at different applied voltages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-photographs-show-an-electroplated-electrode-sample-b2gullml.png Fig 6. The photographs show an electroplated electrode sample made at the frequency of 20 KHz, without magnification (left) and with magnification of 20 × (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dektak-vs-uv-vis-measurements-for-film-thickness-3rep718t.png Figure 4. Dektak vs. UV-Vis measurements for film thickness measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-plot-of-the-current-density-versus-the-area-of-the-dc-35shbs3n.png Fig. 14. Plot of the current density versus the area of the DC pulsed electroplated cathodes. https://scispace.com/papers/production-of-high-quality-electron-bunches-by-dephasing-and-4b93snz045 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-normalized-electron-charge-above-100-mev-vs-guided-1zgh6up7.png FIG. 6. Normalized electron charge above 100 MeV vs guided mode intensity. Data are binned from 300 shots and normalized to the highest values observed during the run. High-energy beams are highly correlated with high-guided mode intensities, indicating that maintaining the drive laser intensity over the length of the plasma using the channel enhances accelerator performance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-scolord-simulation-momentum-phase-spacestop-of-each-q79szc82.png FIG. 7. sColord. Simulation momentum phase spacestop of each paneld and laser envelopesbottomd as a function of propagation distance,z fmmg. The laser enters the plasmas d, and is modulated by the plasma response, exciting a wake and trapping electronssbd. If trapping turns off after the initial bunch is loadedssee Fig. 8d, these electrons are concentrated in energy at the dephasing length, forming a high-energy, low-energy spread bunchscd which dissipates with further propagationsdd. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-scolord-simulated-electron-density-after-laser-2tc2v47n.png FIG. 8. sColord. Simulated electron density after laser propagation of 875 mm sad and 1117mm sbd, showing the wake and the effect of the trapped electrons on it. Just before trapping in the first bucket behind the lasers d, the wake structure is undisturbed and large in amplitude, allowing selftrapping of electrons. When a bunch is trapped, the wake is damped, suppressing further trapping and hence isolating the initial bunch in phase space sbd. The bunch is visible insbd as a small isolated green dot in the center of the first bucket, with density comparable to the plasma density. Buckets further behind the pulse trap and dephase earlier; accordingly, bunches ar visible in trailing buckets before trapping in the first. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-channel-guided-wakefield-accelerator-24vhj9ku.png FIG. 1. Schematic of the channel guided wakefield accelerator, showing laser beams and principal diagnostics. A plasma is formed by an ignitor laser pulse in a pulsed hydrogen gas jet and heated by a heater pulse. A high intensity drive pulse is focused at the edge of the resulting plasma channel, in which it drives a plasma wave, accelerating electrons. Propagation of the laser is monitored with a side interferrometer and mode imager CCD. The electron beam is analyzed using an integrating current transformersICTd, a phosphor screen, and a magnetic spectrometer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scolord-propagation-of-the-laser-through-the-gas-jet-286rdo4d.png FIG. 3. sColord. Propagation of the laser through the gas jet was measured by the side looking interferrometersa,cd and modeslaser spotd imagersb,dd. In the channel guided accelerator, the plasma interferrogram after the passage of the drive beamsad was similar to the guiding channelfsee Fig. 2sadg, indicating that the drive laser pulse is confined to the channel. The laser mode at the channel exit is a well defined spot of 24mm FWHM after 2.4 mm of propagationsbd. When the channel is off, the interferrogramscd shows a plasma expanding rapidly along the propagation directionsleft to rightd. The mode imagesdd shows a diffuse transmitted spot. This indicates the effectiveness of the channel in maintaining the drive beam intensity and mode over many diffraction lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plasma-channel-formed-by-the-ignitor-and-heater-pulses-30olj1yv.png FIG. 2. Plasma channel formed by the ignitor and heater pulses at the time of arrival of the drive pulse. A frequency doubled interferrometer images the plasma transverselysad. The transverse density profilesbd was obtained from Abel inversion of the resulting phase map with cylindrical symmetry about the z axis, showing datasblack dotsd and a parabolic fitslined. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-scolord-electron-energy-spectrum-for-the-unchanneled-1s7ddx75.png FIG. 10. sColord. Electron energy spectrum for the unchanneled accelerator operated at a density of 231019 cm−3, obtained by scanning the magnet current over many shots. For a plasma length of 600mm, before the dephasing length calculated in simulations, very low energies are produced compared to a 4 mmplasma, which is longer than the dephasing length. The insets show individual phosphor images, demonstrating that the spectrum is also unstructured and smooth before the dephasing point, consistent with the explanation that particles are bunched in energy at dephasing. Fluctuation in the spectrum appears due to fluctuations in self-guiding and in laser parameters shot-to-shot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scolord-single-shot-electron-beam-spectrum-of-the-jm1zz7kw.png FIG. 4. sColord. Single shot electron beam spectrum of the channel guided accelerator, showing a strongly peaked distribution, in contrast to the exponential distribution of the unchanneled accelerator. A contour plot of electron beam intensity vs. energy and divergence shows a bunch containing 23109 electrons in a narrow distribution at 86±1.8 MeV and 3 mrad divergence FWHM, with contrast.10:1 above background. https://scispace.com/papers/production-of-nanoscale-ba-zn1-3nb2-3-o3-microwave-28wdbv1xlw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-1-particle-sizes-measured-using-tem-images-as-39xhcmhu.png Table IV.1 Particle sizes measured using TEM images as reference for Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 powders that were synthesized with different CA/MC mol ratios and calcined at 1100 °C for 4 hours. https://scispace.com/papers/production-of-inorganic-thin-scintillating-films-for-ion-34zv5u69cm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-grey-level-from-sample-csi16-with-respect-l9aeqj7c.png Figure 4: Average grey level from sample CsI16 with respect to the beam flux. Background was subtracted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ccd-image-of-a-quasi-uniform-62-mev-beam-spot-o-25-2eqb7nhn.png Figure 3: CCD-image of a quasi-uniform 62 MeV beam spot (Ø= 25 mm) on a CsI16:(0.3%)Tl 20µm thick sample. Lateral pixel size is 37.5 µm. Background was digitally subtracted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lowest-detectable-beam-flux-and-released-energy-flux-1tmm6fy0.png Table 1: Lowest detectable beam flux and released energy flux for 2 µm thick samples irradiated by a 62 MeV proton beam. (Sample CsI14 is 1 µm thick) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-light-emission-from-a-sample-grown-at-200degc-csi04-37lna63k.png Figure 1: Light emission from a sample grown at 200°C (CsI04:(0.1%)Tl, 2µm) versus beam flux for different optical diaphragm apertures of attenuation factor σ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ccd-image-of-a-gaussian-62-mev-beam-spot-fwhm-12-mm-m88pm99y.png Figure 2: CCD-image of a gaussian 62 MeV beam spot (FWHM= 12 mm) on a CsI15:(0.3%)Tl 2µm thick sample. Lateral pixel size is 37.5 µm. Background was digitally subtracted. https://scispace.com/papers/production-of-strange-and-multistrange-hadrons-in-nucleus-1o7i7njg5u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dependence-of-the-transverse-mass-inverse-slope-1xgqovb0.png Figure 5: Dependence of the transverse mass inverse slope parameters on the particle rest mass. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-l-l-invariant-mass-distribution-for-the-data-1204-1uxovbqh.png Figure 6: Λ - Λ invariant mass distribution for the data (1204 pairs) and the background obtained from mixing events of similar centrality, normalized to the number of Λ - Λ pairs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-hbt-relative-momentum-correlation-of-the-l-l-pairs-iay6w4zj.png Figure 8: HBT relative momentum correlation of the Λ - Λ pairs. The full curve shows the correlation expected for a fireball of 2 fm radius. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketch-of-the-wa97-set-up-aj21826a.png Figure 1: Sketch of the WA97 set–up. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-hbt-relative-momentum-correlation-of-the-k0s-k-0-s-ilpildfe.png Figure 7: HBT relative momentum correlation of the K0s - K 0 s pairs. The full curve shows the correlation expected for a fireball of a 6 fm radius. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-yields-per-unit-of-rapidity-at-central-rapidity-as-8xs0nrc2.png Figure 2: Yields per unit of rapidity at central rapidity as a function of the number of wounded nucleons for negative particles, Λ and Ξ− (left) and for Λ, Ξ + and Ω−+ Ω + . See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-particles-per-p-pb-interaction-left-and-per-pb-pb-3e7i2wpi.png Figure 9: Particles per p+Pb interaction (left) and per Pb+Pb interaction (right) measured by WA97 (black circles) compared with the predictions of VENUS (open squares) and RQMD (open circles). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-yields-per-unit-rapidity-same-as-in-figure-2-per-b835uicm.png Figure 4: Yields per unit rapidity (same as in figure 2) per participant relative to p+Be. https://scispace.com/papers/production-quality-tools-for-adaptive-mesh-q9ieim7yni 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spreadsheet-plots-are-an-important-tool-for-34bd15yt.png Figure 2: Spreadsheet plots are an important tool for debugging AMR codes. They support direct viewing of numerical data in patch cells. VisIt labels selected cells both in Spreadsheet and 3D visualizations allowing users to recognize correspondences quickly and effectively. (Sample data courtesy of P. Colella and B. van Straalen, LBNL) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-courtesy-panel-sh-volume-r-2pgwhs14.png Figure 1 courtesy panel sh volume r https://scispace.com/papers/production-of-ni-oh-2-nanosheets-by-liquid-phase-exfoliation-2yk12f8kk3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-applications-potential-of-liquid-exfoliated-ni-oh-2-3049toes.png Fig. 5 Applications potential of liquid exfoliated Ni(OH)2 nanosheets. (A and B) SEM images of an as-prepared Ni(OH)2 film and (B) a film after activation by 100 h polarisation with current density of 10mA cm 2. (C) Cyclic voltammograms measured for supercapacitor electrodes fabricated fromNi(OH)2 films on Ni foam current collectors before and after activation. A CV curvemeasured for the bare Ni foam is shown for comparison. (D) Specific capacitance (normalised to Ni(OH)2 mass) plotted as a function of scan rate. (E) Stability behaviour for an already activated film showing capacitance plotted versus cycle number (0.7 mg cm 2, scan range 160 mV to 400 mV, dV/dt ¼ 500 mV s 1). (F) Polarisation curves for OER from Ni(OH)2 electrodes fabricated from Ni(OH)2 films on Ni foam current collectors before and after activation with the equivalent curve for the bare Ni foam shown for comparison. (G) Overpotential required to produce J ¼ 10 mA cm 2, h10 mA cm 2, plotted as a function of activation time. Inset: comparison with literature values. (H) Stability behaviour for an already activated film showing h10 mA cm 2 plotted as a function of time (0.7 mg cm 2, iR corrected). https://scispace.com/papers/production-process-for-advanced-space-satellite-system-3qowjv0mup 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-force-field-diagram-for-requirements-specification-2kq1t3jo.png Figure 3. Force Field Diagram for Requirements/Specification Problem Area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-cable-interconnect-business-work-flow-3t36w9cb.png Figure 9. Cable/Interconnect Business Work Flow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-force-field-diagram-for-design-problem-area-vkjlhje6.png Figure 4. Force Field Diagram for Design Problem Area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-force-field-diagram-for-production-problem-area-28eshmlo.png Figure 5. Force Field Diagram for Production Problem Area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-top-level-modified-cables-interconnects-business-1xt3j51g.png Figure 7. Top Level Modified Cables/Interconnects Business Flow Process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-work-breakdown-structure-chart-248qywf1.png Figure 8. Work Breakdown Structure Chart. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-level-cables-interconnects-business-workflow-3v9uoely.png Figure 1. Top Level Cables/Interconnects Business Workflow Process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-force-field-diagram-for-integration-problem-area-1r8naj29.png Figure 6. Force Field Diagram for Integration Problem Area. https://scispace.com/papers/production-system-planning-in-competence-cell-based-networks-2s8hio0kqo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-planning-concept-with-holistic-planning-method-1dftnxy7.png Figure 6. Planning concept with Holistic Planning Method (SFB457 2002) https://scispace.com/papers/production-scheduling-by-reachability-analysis-a-case-study-385qpy2fna 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-alternative-graphi-al-representation-for-the-35bdiiy8.png Figure 2: An alternative graphi al representation for the three re ipes. https://scispace.com/papers/production-well-water-shut-off-treatment-in-a-highly-p07mmabuwo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ashley-valley-field-larson-et-al-1999-1lmt420p.png Figure 1. Ashley Valley Field (Larson, et al. 1999) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-planned-and-actual-treatment-protocols-for-ashley-36sa3hbq.png Table 1. Planned and Actual Treatment Protocols for Ashley Valley Polymer Application https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pressure-profile-for-second-polymer-treatment-tlyi5cvb.png Figure 4. Pressure Profile for Second Polymer Treatment, Ashley Valley Field https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-daily-oil-production-ashley-valley-4-uaslxiz9.png Figure 5. Average Daily Oil Production, Ashley Valley #4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-daily-water-production-ashley-valley-2-1x7qgxxk.png Figure 3. Average Daily Water Production, Ashley Valley #2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-average-daily-water-production-ashley-valley-4-1tayl544.png Figure 6. Average Daily Water Production, Ashley Valley #4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-daily-oil-production-ashley-valley-2-v8vj42fh.png Figure 2. Average Daily Oil Production, Ashley Valley #2 https://scispace.com/papers/production-trade-prices-exchange-rates-and-equilibration-in-4ch0knkwpl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-observed-equilibrium-and-ppp-exchange-rates-2q2wa5om.png Figure 6: Observed, Equilibrium and PPP Exchange Rates, Experiment 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-participants-of-each-of-the-twelve-types-2bzto1u2.png Table 1: Number of Participants of Each of the Twelve Types and Their Functions https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimates-of-convergence-regression-for-input-prices-2mtyk98g.png Table 5: Estimates of Convergence Regression for Input Prices and Exchange Rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimates-of-convergence-regression-for-output-1iq0cfwm.png Table 4: Estimates of Convergence Regression for Output Prices https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-time-series-of-wages-for-l-in-country-a-experiment-3q3l282j.png Figure 7: Time series of Wages for L in country A, Experiment 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-market-summary-screen-b0tl67gy.png Figure 2: The Market Summary Screen https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-production-function-display-lqgfh4x5.png Figure 3: Production Function Display https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-competitive-equilibrium-and-autarky-prices-wages-1ou0ig2q.png Table 3: Competitive Equilibrium and Autarky Prices, Wages, Trade Volumes, and Exchange Rates in the Experiments https://scispace.com/papers/productive-efficiency-and-ownership-when-market-3rvr11elr3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-input-coefficient-bn-t-over-time-2qo4dc7s.png Figure 1: Input coefficient, β̂N(t), over time https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-definitions-of-variables-h71sem8v.png Table 2: Definitions of variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimated-coefficients-of-the-input-distance-jwklhz92.png Table 4: Estimated coefficients of the input distance function https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-estimated-coefficients-of-the-input-distance-s3ukb1t1.png Table 7: Estimated coefficients of the input distance function, without ownership changers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-exogenous-factor-coefficients-dd-t-and-do-t-over-17lsl2t2.png Figure 3: Exogenous factor coefficients, δ̂D(t) and δ̂O(t), over time https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-transient-efficiency-scores-tetran-it-exp-uit-asl2kbr4.png Table 5: Transient efficiency scores TEtran,it = exp(−uit) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-slope-coefficient-with-and-without-mwqjqgye.png Figure 5: Comparison of slope coefficient, with and without time trend https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-the-transient-productive-efficiency-f0m79d88.png Figure 4: Distribution of the transient productive efficiency scores, public vs. private https://scispace.com/papers/productive-inefficiency-analysis-and-toxic-chemical-5fq1kboefz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-history-of-law-and-regulation-about-toxic-chemical-2mhmxxkk.png Table 1. History of law and regulation about toxic chemical substances https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-firms-by-industry-type-2xpdmgei.png Table 2. Firms by industry type https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-contribution-ratio-for-inefficiency-score-of-u-s-302j2q3j.png Table 3. Contribution ratio for inefficiency score of U.S. manufacturing companies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-inefficiency-score-change-of-japanese-processing-afw4g2iq.png Figure 4. Inefficiency score change of Japanese processing and assembly industry from 1999 to 2007 Source: Author created https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-inefficiency-score-change-of-japanese-basic-3vk2uiup.png Figure 3. Inefficiency score change of Japanese basic material industry from 1999 to 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-inefficiency-score-change-of-u-s-basic-material-3pc2iavn.png Figure 1. Inefficiency score change of U.S. basic material industry from 1999 to 2007 Source: Author created https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-inefficiency-score-change-of-u-s-processing-and-1qzecyfh.png Figure 2. Inefficiency score change of U.S. processing and assembly industry from 1999 to 2007 Source: Author created https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-contribution-ratio-for-inefficiency-score-of-2ni6tect.png Table 4. Contribution ratio for inefficiency score of Japanese manufacturing companies https://scispace.com/papers/productivity-and-herbivory-in-high-and-low-diversity-2aa4u1r11b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diagram-of-study-plot-22l1orwc.png Figure 3. Diagram of study plot. https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-mean-herbivory-losses-by-species-in-plots-with-anci-23swckj1.png Table 14. Mean herbivory losses by species, in plots with anci without insecticide treatment. Losses are x (s.d.), in cm2/iTi2 leaf/day; n is number of leaves https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-map-of-the-study-site-3phcfi6m.png Figure 2. Map of the study site. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-number-of-species-in-the-mimic-of-succession-by-lai-1davd2nl.png Figure 6. Number of species in the mimic of succession by LAI class. Values are based on 180 LAI https://scispace.com/figures/figure-31-net-primary-productivity-npp-above-ground-living-1mob350l.png Figure 31. Net primary productivity (NPP) , above-ground living biomass, herbivory, litterfall, and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-36-above-ground-living-biomass-by-vegetation-1u9wzufg.png Figure 36. Above-ground living biomass by vegetation compartment in enriched succession with and without insecticide. https://scispace.com/figures/table-22-changes-in-the-number-of-plant-species-in-the-1omegak2.png Table 22- Changes in the number of plant species in the natural succession during 3 mo defoliation study. Values are based on 225 LAI measurements in de- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-net-primary-productivity-npp-above-ground-living-3qnnys18.png Figure 28. Net primary productivity (NPP) , above-ground living biomass, herbivory, litterfall, and https://scispace.com/papers/productivity-change-in-nigerian-seaports-after-reform-a-gvjbz8bhsx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-pre-post-concession-tfp-21xk3el0.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics of pre- & post-concession TFP and its decompositions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-malmquist-productivity-index-summary-of-port-means-11igcygh.png Table 1: Malmquist productivity index summary of port means (2000-2011) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-nigeria-showing-major-sea-ports-study-area-2xk3bbeu.png Figure 1: Map of Nigeria showing Major Sea Ports (Study Area) Source: Modified from the Administrative Map of Nigeria https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trend-of-year-by-year-averages-of-mpi-and-2f8nf3h6.png Figure 2: Trend of Year-by-year averages of MPI and components https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-between-pre-post-concession-mpi-and-h57bo5oa.png Table 3: Correlation between pre- & post-concession MPI and sources of efficiency change https://scispace.com/papers/productivity-change-of-the-spanish-port-system-impact-of-the-4byd5ikat6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1a-sample-description-1f7orn5q.png Table 1a. Sample description. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mpi-mech-and-mtch-of-spanish-port-authorities-for-1gvbznry.png Table 2. MPI, MECH, and MTCH of Spanish Port Authorities for 2005–2008. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mpi-mech-and-mtch-of-spanish-port-authorities-for-7bvpgiox.png Figure 4. MPI, MECH, and MTCH of Spanish Port Authorities for 2005–2008. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-p-value-of-the-mann-whitney-test-2d3u0zgy.png Table 5. p-Value of the Mann–Whitney test. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-difference-in-mpi-mech-and-mtch-of-spanish-port-nc9nulhe.png Table 4. Difference in MPI, MECH, and MTCH of Spanish Port Authorities between 2005–2008 and 2008–2011. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-traffic-in-the-sps-from-2002-to-2013-source-own-2z1n3nlg.png Figure 2. Traffic in the SPS from 2002 to 2013. Source: Own elaboration from State Ports data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mpi-mech-and-mtch-of-spanish-port-authorities-for-2zhb6bj2.png Figure 5. MPI, MECH, and MTCH of Spanish Port Authorities for 2008–2011. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mpi-mech-and-mtch-of-spanish-port-authorities-for-2i7zn7o2.png Table 3. MPI, MECH, and MTCH of Spanish Port Authorities for 2008–2011. https://scispace.com/papers/productivity-and-impact-of-astronomical-facilities-a-recent-4degzdua5g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-radio-papers-and-citations-by-facility-1bu1ct6v.png Table 4: Radio papers and citations by facility. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-space-papers-and-citations-by-facility-3qt1x8f7.png Table 5: Space papers and citations by facility. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-papers-by-journal-1k4xrtf7.png Table 1: Number of papers by journal. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-optical-papers-and-citations-by-telescope-juizjap7.png Table 6: Optical papers and citations by telescope/observatory. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-continued-j5pb1zx5.png Table 5: Space papers and citations by facility. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-papers-by-wavelength-band-1rafh9f1.png Table 2: Number of papers by wavelength band. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-papers-and-citations-by-topic-3rxeoivf.png Table 3: Papers and citations by topic. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-continued-3q1hgywa.png Table 6: Optical papers and citations by telescope/observatory. https://scispace.com/papers/productivity-and-temperature-as-drivers-of-seasonal-and-1e2mzx5m2r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-modeled-evolution-of-water-parcel-with-an-initial-2f8ou171.png Figure 3. Modeled evolution of water parcel with an initial dissolved CH4 concentration of 107 nmol l -1 corresponding to the annual average at Scheldt mouth (station WS1) from a monthly monitoring from 2009 to 2013 (n = 70, unpublished data). The model runs during 5 days correspond to time for the water parcel to travel from the Scheldt mouth (station WS1) to station 700. The model accounts for the exchange of CH4 with atmosphere (FCH4) computed with a constant wind speed of 5.5 m s-1, a water temperature of 12.5 C (both annual average values) and assuming a depth of 9 m. The model includes methane oxidation (MOX) that was computed from a first-order parameterization derived from the data reported by Ward and Kilpatrick (1990) in Saanich Inlet (British Columbia; MOX = 0.0153* [CH4], where MOX is in nmol l-1 day-1 and [CH4] is in nmol l -1, r2 = 0.63, n = 17). A linear mixing between initial water parcel (salinity 28.5, average at stations WS1) and offshore water (stations ZG02, salinity 34.2, dissolved CH4 concentration of 9 nmol l-1) is used in order to attain the salinity of 30.5 at station 700 in 5 days. A simulation includes a net constant CH4 flux from the sediments (Fsed) that was fitted to 309 lmol m -2 day-1 to force a model trajectory that attains after 5 days a final concentration CH4 of 139 nmol l -1 corresponding to the annual average at station 700. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparison-of-dissolved-ch4-concentrations-at-five-3e67pymv.png Figure 11. Comparison of dissolved CH4 concentrations at five stations in the Belgian coastal zone obtained in March 12–14, 1990, and March 30–31, 2016, and at three stations in April 22–23, 2010 (Borges and others 2016). Data in March 1990 were measured by gas chromatography according to the protocols given by Scranton and McShane (1991). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-of-daily-wind-speeds-for-2016-measured-3sh1hdrb.png Figure 10. Comparison of daily wind speeds for 2016 measured at sea in a platform (Westhinder, WH) and from a synthetic product (National Centers for Environmental Prediction, NCEP). Dotted line indicates the 1:1 line, the solid line indicates the linear regression. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-relationship-between-dissolved-ch4-concentration-10aeq51r.png Figure 9. Relationship between dissolved CH4 concentration and water temperature in the Belgian coastal zone at nine stations during year 2016, for nearshore muddy stations (A), for the other stations (B) and for the cruise averages (C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-annual-average-of-dissolved-ch4-concentration-and-2nkxd88l.png Figure 4. Annual average of dissolved CH4 concentration and change of CH4 with water temperature (dCH4 dT -1, computed as the slope of the linear regression of CH4 versus temperature) at nine stations in the Belgian coastal zone in 2016 as function of sediment characteristics: organic matter content (%OM) (A, B), silt content [silt (<63 lm)] (C, D), median grain size (E, F) and depth (G, H). Sediment characteristics are annual averages obtained in 2011 reported by Braeckman and others (2014). Solid lines are best fit curves that provide the tendency of all stations excluding 700 and 710. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-seasonal-variations-of-dissolved-ch4-concentration-35up4yep.png Figure 8. Seasonal variations of dissolved CH4 concentration, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration and water temperature ( C) at nine stations in the Belgian coastal zone during year 2016. The plots are arranged to correspond to the spatial distribution of the stations (Figure 1), left to right corresponding to west to east and top to bottom corresponding from offshore to nearshore. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bathymetry-of-the-belgian-coastal-zone-and-the-nine-179a00tz.png Figure 1. Bathymetry of the Belgian coastal zone and the nine stations sampled in 2016 (circles), station WS1 that was sampled from 2009 to 2013 (diamond), the platform where wind speeds were measured at sea (Westhinder, WH, square) and the two National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) grid points (crosses in the inset map). Acoustic turbidity coverage is derived from Le Bot and others (2005). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relationship-of-annual-averages-of-sediment-organic-2rapw77b.png Figure 5. Relationship of annual averages of sediment organic matter content [%OM, Braeckman and others (2014)] and water column chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) (A) and dissolved CH4 concentration and Chl-a (B) at nine stations in the Belgian coastal zone obtained in 2016. Solid lines are best fit curves that provide the tendency of all stations excluding 700 and 710. https://scispace.com/papers/productivity-of-spring-chinook-salmon-and-summer-steelhead-4n2r4mcsou 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-run-pit-tagging-location-release-location-adult-3vxh40wx.png Table 15. Run, PIT tagging location, release location, adult detection history, and source (wild/hatchery) of PIT tagged adult Spring, Summer, and Fall Chinook that originated outside of the John Day basin and were observed at McDonald Ford in the John Day River during 2008. See Table 14 for descriptions of detection sites. https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-juvenile-steelhead-pit-tag-tagging-and-release-1bcu3dy4.png Table 16. Juvenile steelhead PIT tag tagging and release locations, detection history, and source (wild or hatchery) of adult summer steelhead observed at the McDonald Ford array in the John Day River from September 2007 to April 2008. See Table 14 for descriptions of detection sites except Prosser Dam near Prosser WA on the Yakima River (Prosser). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-weekly-catch-per-unit-effort-cpue-number-seine-haul-17q3t8ny.png Figure 3. Weekly catch per unit effort (CPUE, number/seine haul) of spring Chinook smolts captured while seining the John Day River between river kilometers 274 and 296 from 5 February to 20 May 2008. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-weekly-number-of-juvenile-spring-chinook-captured-2q9567pt.png Figure 2. Weekly number of juvenile spring Chinook captured at three rotary screw traps operated in the John Day River basin during autumn 2007 and spring 2008. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-number-of-each-fish-species-captured-incidentally-5xqkcdt9.png Table 10. Number of each fish species captured incidentally at the South Fork (SF), Mainstem (MS), and Middle Fork (MF) trap sites, and in the Mainstem seining operation (rkms 274–296, 10 October 2007 to 20 June 2008. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-number-detected-n-first-and-last-detection-dates-2n0iaupk.png Table 11. Number detected (N), first and last detection dates, and mean, standard error (SE) and range of travel time (days) to detection at John Day Dam, Bonneville Dam, and the Columbia River Estuary during 2008 for spring Chinook and summer steelhead smolts PIT tagged in the John Day Basin from 1 February to 20 June 2008. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-upper-mainstem-john-day-river-smolt-redd-ratios-9x4nfgoh.png Table 4. Upper mainstem John Day River smolt/redd ratios based on trap estimates of smolt abundance and census redd counts for spring Chinook salmon, 2002–2006 brood years. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-smolt-redd-ratios-based-on-recent-and-historic-3u5eh7vu.png Table 3. Smolt/redd ratios based on recent and historic estimates of smolt abundance (95% CLs) and census redd counts for spring Chinook salmon for the John Day River basin. Historic estimates from the 1978–1982 brood years are from Lindsay et al. (1986). https://scispace.com/papers/productivity-of-tax-offices-in-norway-m9jizevquy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-malmquist-productivity-index-1x76ymy1.png Figure 1. The Malmquist productivity index https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-growth-rates-in-percentage-3czq6ook.png Table 3. Average growth rates in percentage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-significance-testing-units-grouped-by-the-nature-of-1gw0ie99.png Figure 3. Significance testing: units grouped by the nature of the significance of productivity change. Sorted by lower limit, mid point, and upper limit of confidence interval respectively. Width of boxes proportional to labour input. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-productivity-change-in-percent-of-total-man-years-575q4vdi.png Table 2. Productivity change in percent of total man-years 2004. Number of units in parenthesis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-malmquist-productivity-index-estimates-and-jhi5ox6o.png Figure 2. Malmquist productivity index estimates and confidence intervals. Width of histograms is proportional to labour input https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-productivity-and-labour-change-2002-2004-size-of-h9xholou.png Figure 4. Productivity and labour change 2002-2004. Size of circles is proportional to labour https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-data-18ip4bzl.png Table 1. The data https://scispace.com/papers/products-of-stochastic-matrices-exact-rate-for-convergence-4ci1peu4i5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-a-broadcast-gossip-on-a-4-node-chain-a-g-v-1tocqz5h.png Fig. 1. Example of a broadcast gossip on a 4-node chain; a) Ĝ = (V, Ê) is the total budget of communication links; b) G = {H1, H2, H3, H4} is the set of realizable graphs; c) H = {H1, H3, H4} is a tree-free collection, whereas H′ = {H2, H3} is not. https://scispace.com/papers/proenkephalin-for-the-early-detection-of-acute-kidney-injury-2c25p2kl4j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-1c8uo5bd.png Table 1: Baseline Characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/professional-development-and-the-recently-qualified-1j6358w76e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-importance-of-information-professionals-being-1kqxnuie.png Table 10: Importance of information professionals being chartered https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-opinions-of-new-support-scheme-for-route-b-29d5arov.png Table 7: Opinions of new support scheme for Route B candidates https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-current-professional-development-activities-b23nonhb.png Table 12: Current professional development activities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-how-recently-respondents-qualified-in-lis-1xjpck0q.png Figure 1: How recently respondents qualified in LIS https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-reasons-for-joining-library-association-1uu15f56.png Table 9: Reasons for joining Library Association https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-factors-affecting-completion-of-the-chartership-2yhhfij1.png Table 4: Factors affecting completion of the Chartership process https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-satisfaction-with-supervisory-support-13lq0dqj.png Table 5: Satisfaction with supervisory support https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-how-long-respondents-took-to-complete-requirements-1e0ym371.png Figure 2: How long respondents took to complete requirements for Associateship https://scispace.com/papers/professional-standards-in-teacher-education-tracing-20g4ahze4w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-textbook-editions-dates-and-length-2lzyiacy.png Table 1: textbook editions, dates and length. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fento-standards-coverage-applied-to-curzon-as-a-of-3qe17wqi.png Table 3: FEnto standards coverage applied to Curzon (as a % of frequency of total occurrences) https://scispace.com/papers/professional-versus-political-contexts-institutional-4m9segy66o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-factor-analysis-of-institutional-structures-2ab5y2yh.png Table 3. Factor Analysis of Institutional Structures https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-results-of-hierarchical-regression-3a9g2xp5.png Table 9. Results of Hierarchical Regression https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-overview-of-sample-jdicq2bv.png Table 6. Overview of Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-sample-s-and-p-values-for-main-effects-and-7ilid2u2.png Table 10. Sample $s (and p-values) for Main Effects and Subsample $s (and p-values) https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-results-of-hypothesis-testing-3o3olg02.png Table 11. Results of Hypothesis Testing https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-factor-analysis-of-tce-constructs-2cem93wi.png Table 5. Factor Analysis of TCE Constructs https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-descriptive-statistics-1ge2znfz.png Table 7. Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-bivariate-correlations-among-constructs-1qifpikn.png Table 8. Bivariate Correlations among Constructs https://scispace.com/papers/professionalizing-criminal-investigation-an-examination-of-rj9uky4s3v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-biographical-data-of-adt-student-respondents-yre4jawy.png Table 2: Biographical data of ADT student respondents https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-academic-aspect-of-the-adt-programme-1186ubdb.png Table 1: Academic aspect of the ADT Programme https://scispace.com/papers/profile-of-toll-like-receptor-mrna-expression-in-the-choroid-4l7as0k795 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tlrs-relative-mrna-expression-mean-sem-vs-gapdh-in-the-3pxzlpdx.png Fig. 1. TLRs relative mRNA expression (mean ± SEM) vs. GAPDH in the choroid plexus of cerebral ventricles of adult ewes (n = 6). The coefficient of variations (%) for each TLR is inserted into each bar. Differences between means marked with different letters are statistically significant (P < 0.05) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-9lxpipbb.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/profile-of-breast-cancer-patients-attending-a-tertiary-care-tvs2krmo5v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-total-duration-of-symptoms-6vn2hrjg.png TABLE 6: TOTAL DURATION OF SYMPTOMS https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-present-menstrual-status-1cpphxja.png TABLE 4: PRESENT MENSTRUAL STATUS https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-distribution-of-symptoms-lnyxq0vt.png TABLE 7: DISTRIBUTION OF SYMPTOMS https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-distribution-of-parity-2e45ihxn.png TABLE 5: DISTRIBUTION OF PARITY https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-age-wise-distribution-2nleav0w.png TABLE 1: AGE WISE DISTRIBUTION https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-religion-wise-distribution-3giyh49x.png TABLE 2: RELIGION WISE DISTRIBUTION https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-locality-1ilt4337.png TABLE 3: DISTRIBUTION OF LOCALITY https://scispace.com/papers/profiling-copy-number-variation-and-disease-associations-gqr1eznpc1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observed-frequencies-of-select-known-disease-1el10h0j.png Table 1: Observed frequencies of select known disease-associated CNV loci. 481 482 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-454-22g537or.png Figures 454 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-exome-wide-significant-associations-between-high-24wi437u.png Table 2: Exome-wide significant associations between high-confidence exonic CNV loci 484 and EHR-derived serum lipid traits (LDL-c, HDL-c, total cholesterol “TCHOL”, and 485 triglycerides). LMM = Linear Mixed Model (Methods). 486 https://scispace.com/papers/profiling-the-two-most-populous-generations-of-the-piigs-5cr89112q2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-empirical-model-1ej6y1bx.png FIGURE I. EMPIRICAL MODEL https://scispace.com/figures/table-iiii-distribution-of-the-sociodemographics-3dymlxyj.png TABLE IIII. DISTRIBUTION OF THE SOCIODEMOGRAPHICS CHARACTERISTICS BY CLUSTER https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-distribution-of-the-frequency-of-online-consumption-1kc9ohya.png TABLE II. DISTRIBUTION OF THE FREQUENCY OF ONLINE CONSUMPTION OF CULTURAL CONTENTS BY CLUSTER https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-distribution-of-the-type-of-services-used-to-access-232to2jf.png TABLE I. DISTRIBUTION OF THE TYPE OF SERVICES USED TO ACCESS ONLINE CULTURAL CONTENTS BY CLUSTER https://scispace.com/papers/profilometric-changes-of-peri-implant-tissues-over-5-years-a-4efao15ero 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-changes-between-baseline-and-5-year-follow-up-in-qjmml6zz.png Table 1. Changes between baseline and 5-year follow-up in linear measurements, profilometric measurements and radiographic parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3tgg3hnt.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-changes-between-baseline-and-1-year-follow-up-in-nij8y8jj.png Table 2. Changes between baseline and 1-year follow-up in linear measurements, profilometric measurements and radiographic parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-between-implant-and-tooth-in-1vufffut.png Table 3. Comparison between implant and tooth in profilometric measurements https://scispace.com/papers/profit-shifting-through-transfer-pricing-evidence-from-1v5yn12aq2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-components-of-the-french-current-account-of-gdp-2zj85x1e.png Figure 1: Components of the French current account (% of GDP) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-quantification-on-investment-income-and-implicit-2u6qle1j.png Table 10: Quantification on investment income and implicit yield differentials https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-robustness-by-type-of-goods-1jfbzh48.png Table 6: Robustness by type of goods https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-robustness-by-destination-3u9vzok4.png Table 7: Robustness by destination https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-robustness-functional-form-32gom7wi.png Table 8: Robustness: functional form https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-yield-differential-and-corporate-tax-rate-2000-2012-2k9qql45.png Table 2: Yield differential and corporate tax rate (2000-2012) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-corporate-income-tax-and-fdi-yield-differentials-1nmt262d.png Figure 2: Corporate income tax and FDI yield differentials https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-export-prices-and-corporate-tax-differential-dqcuncy5.png Table 4: Export prices and corporate tax differential https://scispace.com/papers/progesterone-does-raise-disgust-11n1oe2afl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-preference-of-estrous-female-mice-for-an-infected-male-1nqwut0p.png Fig. 1. Preference of estrous female mice for an infected male as a function of whether they were (solid symbols) or were not (open symbols) treated with progesterone or its metabolite allopregnanolone. Conditions: Untreated, Vehicle (diluted peanut oil), Progesterone 1 mg/kg, Progesterone 5 mg/kg, Allopregnanolone. Preference is expressed as the proportion of time spent near the odor of the infected vs uninfected male. Error bars indicate one standard error of the mean. All means are lower than 0.50 (random choice), showing that females are normally “disgusted” by the infected mouse; solid symbols are lower than open ones, suggesting that hormones of the progesterone family increase disgust further. The difference between Control and Hormone treatment is large (dCohen = 0.8) and statistically significant (p = 0.006). Data source: Kavaliers et al. 2021, Experiment 1. https://scispace.com/papers/profit-potentials-in-game-farming-592kg4ejcy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-farm-sizes-and-capital-investment-1984-85-1ggymw3t.png Table 1 Farm sizes and capital investment (1984/85) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-provides-details-concerning-farm-sizes-of-the-ten-nwpjr0qw.png Table 1 Farm sizes and capital investment (1984/85) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-investment-in-fencing-per-hectare-1984-85-3o1nvvm5.png Table 2. Investment in fencing per hectare (1984/85) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-net-incomes-per-r100-capital-investment-over-five-1fm9zpg5.png Table 6. Net incomes per R100 capital investment over five years. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-farm-expenses-per-animal-unit-over-five-years-behr-1ji29n0r.png Table 5. Farm expenses per animal unit over five years Behr and Groenewald https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-gross-incomes-per-animal-unit-obtained-from-game-and-1jm9u1y4.png Table 4 Gross incomes per animal unit obtained from game and livestock. https://scispace.com/papers/prognostic-importance-of-myocardial-injury-in-critically-ill-3mg6p0a081 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prognostic-capacity-of-the-established-canine-2hi4f6mm.png Table 1. Prognostic capacity of the established canine prognostic composite scores and cardiac troponins in 42 critically ill dogs with systemic inflammation evaluated by the analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-serum-ctni-a-and-ctnt-b-concentrations-of-42-dogs-with-n4du7rgf.png Fig 1. Serum cTnI (A) and cTnT (B) concentrations of 42 dogs with systemic inflammation (nonsurvivors and survivors) and healthy control dogs. Geometric mean concentrations (A) for Gaussian and medians (B) for non-Gaussian data are shown as horizontal lines. Significant differences between groups are symbolized with *(receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with a 95% confidence interval not including .5), o(two-tailed t-test), and x(Wilcoxon Signed Rank test). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-prognostic-contribution-of-ctni-to-the-acute-22t5ye9d.png Fig 2. The prognostic contribution of cTnI to the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLE) score in 42 dogs with systemic inflammation. Dots represent survivors, and crosses represent nonsurvivors. The vertical line represents the optimal predictive cut-off for the APPLE score (35) identified by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Dogs to the left of this line were predicted to survive by the APPLE score, and those to the right were predicted to die. The horizontal line represents the optimal predictive cut-off for cTnI (0.24 ng/mL) identified by the ROC analysis. Dogs below this line were predicted to survive by cTnI, and those above were predicted to die. The dark gray zone represents dogs predicted to die according to an agreed prediction of mortality of APPLE and cTnI. The light gray zone represents dogs predicted to survive by either APPLE or cTnI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prognostic-capacity-of-various-cytokines-in-42-3hx7f4gz.png Table 2. Prognostic capacity of various cytokines in 42 critically ill dogs with systemic inflammation evaluated by analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-serum-interleukin-il-10-a-il-15-b-il-18-c-monocyte-iw5jnkxd.png Fig 3. Serum interleukin (IL)-10 (A), IL-15 (B), IL-18 (C), monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1(MCP-1) (D), and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) (E) concentrations of critically ill dogs with systemic inflammation (n = 42) and healthy control dogs (n = 8) as well as of survivors and non-survivors. Geometric mean of concentrations (B, C) for Gaussian and medians (A, D, E) for non-Gaussian data are shown as horizontal lines. Significant differences between groups are symbolized with *(receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with a 95% confidence interval not including .5), x(Wilcoxon Signed Rank test), and + (Mann–Whitney U-test). https://scispace.com/papers/prognostic-implications-of-coronary-calcification-in-12g8qzknd7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-demographics-of-the-patients-with-and-172v4f8m.png Table 1 Baseline demographics of the patients with and without severely calcified lesions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reported-events-in-the-studied-patients-at-a-follow-wsykbobi.png Table 2 Reported events in the studied patients at a follow-up period of 3 years https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-univariate-and-multivariate-cox-regression-analysis-3btf0lds.png Table 5 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of variables associated with death—myocardial infarction—any revascularisation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-univariate-and-multivariate-cox-regression-analysis-3w2tbby1.png Table 4 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of variables associated with the combined end-point death—myocardial infarction https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-univariate-and-multivariate-cox-regression-analysis-1ctgam6e.png Table 3 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of variables associated with increased all-cause mortality. https://scispace.com/papers/prognostic-significance-of-endogenous-adhesion-growth-22ovowghzc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multivariate-analysis-of-survival-of-radically-2q50hq7w.png Table 4. Multivariate analysis of survival of radically operated non–small cell lung cancer patients according to histological type, TNM classifi cation, lectin-binding capacity and lectin expression https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-lung-adenocarcinoma-demonstrating-intensive-galectin-1dqq6skd.png Fig. 1. Lung adenocarcinoma demonstrating intensive galectin-3binding capacity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lung-large-cell-carcinoma-demonstrating-intensive-ag52ce8x.png Fig. 2. Lung large cell carcinoma demonstrating intensive galec - tin-3 expression. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-positive-cases-according-to-34y9x18x.png Table 2. Distribution (%) of positive cases according to histological type https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cumulative-survival-of-patients-with-galectin-1-1wx32y3w.png Fig. 4. Cumulative survival of patients with galectin-1-expressing and nonexpressing lung tumors (p = 0.0274). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cumulative-survival-of-patients-with-galectin-3-tgiio0pk.png Fig. 3. Cumulative survival of patients with galectin-3 binding and nonbinding lung tumors (p = 0.039). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multivariate-analysis-of-survival-of-radically-3n598szh.png Table 3. Multivariate analysis of survival of radically operated lung cancer patients according to histological type, TNM classifi cation, lectin-binding capacity and lectin expression https://scispace.com/papers/prognostic-value-of-metabolic-activity-of-the-psoas-muscle-16px23d9e8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tlvuxd83.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2gwtforz.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/program-analysis-for-event-based-distributed-systems-2imsb19xxv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-translating-expressions-in-guards-to-use-3r76shj4.png Figure 2: Translating expressions in guards to use https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-eventjava-with-and-without-boolean-guard-variables-2s4jzkle.png Figure 5: EventJava with and without boolean guard variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-benefits-of-immutability-analysis-2tzaicy5.png Table 1: Benefits of immutability analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reconciling-sets-of-causally-dependent-event-types-1vqbd593.png Figure 3: Reconciling sets of causally dependent event types across nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-eventjava-runtime-framework-shaded-portions-81kyjckv.png Figure 1: The EventJava runtime framework. Shaded portions represent application-specific components generated by the compiler. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-benefits-of-various-static-analyses-figures-a-to-d-jns85jvb.png Figure 4: Benefits of various static analyses. Figures (a) to (d) compare the performance of EventJava with and without support for expressive dynamic guards. Figure (e) shows the benefits of causality analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/program-characterization-using-runtime-values-and-its-598tj11kr7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-applicability-of-value-sequence-refinement-29bovcmu.png TABLE 3 Applicability of value sequence refinement techniques. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-similarity-scores-y-axis-between-different-programs-x-hf07rfp8.png Fig. 6. Similarity scores (y-axis) between different programs (x-axis) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-number-of-edges-and-elapsed-time-of-the-vdg-based-oioijc6v.png TABLE 6 Number of edges and elapsed time of the VDG based method comparing GCC versions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-vdg-based-similarity-scores-y-axis-of-original-jlex-to-109ccen5.png Fig. 8. VDG-based similarity scores (y-axis) of original JLex to obfuscated ones (x-axis) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-vdg-based-similarity-scores-y-axis-of-original-jlex-to-330y6234.png Fig. 9. VDG-based similarity scores (y-axis) of original JLex to other programs written in Java and C (x-axis) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sequential-refinement-example-eax-is-initially-tainted-2v7umy2x.png Fig. 1. Sequential refinement example (EAX is initially tainted) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-optimization-based-refinement-on-plaintiff-programs-3eq19lmi.png Fig. 2. Optimization-based refinement on plaintiff programs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-names-of-obfuscation-techniques-applied-to-jlex-to-11sgy88s.png TABLE 4 Names of obfuscation techniques applied to JLex to generate multiply obfuscated versions https://scispace.com/papers/programmable-beam-spatial-shaping-system-for-the-national-370kczkhgh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-nif-laser-system-architecture-identified-here-3qnvdnmm.png Figure 1. The NIF laser system architecture. Identified here are the location of the Programmable Spatial Shapers that introduce blockers in the Pre-Amplifier Modules (at the 1.8cm beamsize) and the Final Optics Assembly (at the 38cm beamsize). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-plot-of-the-tradeoff-between-lifetime-in-green-gon7amra.png Figure 3. A plot of the tradeoff between lifetime (in green) and voltage transfer efficiency (in blue) and as a function of AC bias frequency. Also shown (in dashed blue) is the off state voltage transferred representing the floor of the dynamic range. The symptom limiting lifetime is a spatially nonuniform degradation (darkening) of the transmission response as shown in the left beam image. The right beam image displays the NIF beam profile at the front end through a shaper that has not degraded. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-one-of-48-pams-containing-an-upgrade-package-to-1pz6lwjv.png Figure 2. One of 48 PAMs containing an upgrade package to deliver programmable spatial-shaping capability to the National Ignition Facility (NIF)’s beamlines. The packages each contain an optically addressable liquid-crystal light valve that imprints an incoherent image onto the coherent laser beams without introducing spurious artifacts. https://scispace.com/papers/program-verification-in-the-presence-of-complex-numbers-4hmo30h36l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plots-of-the-real-and-imaginary-parts-ofg-z-q-z-1t46dt0j.png Figure 1. Plots of the real and imaginary parts ofg(z) − q(z). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-maples-actualsolve-on-inverting-injective-joukowski-3ntotmev.png Figure 6. Maple’s actualsolve on inverting injective Joukowski > [solve(zeta = 1/2*(z+1/z), z)]\ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ideal-maplesolve-on-inverting-injective-joukowski-wk8xqp37.png Figure 7. Ideal Maplesolve on inverting injective Joukowski > solve(zeta = 1/2*(z+1/z), z)\ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-possible-minimal-cads-for-kahans-example-the-dots-1q60llyj.png Figure 4. Possible minimal CADs for Kahan’s example. The dots indicate sample points for a cell. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plot-of-the-information-in-5-the-solid-line-is-1ylcb3oy.png Figure 3. Plot of the information in (5). The solid line is theequality, the dashed line the first inequality and the dotted line the second. https://scispace.com/papers/programmable-lithography-engine-prole-grid-type-xut353rfd5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-shows-the-correction-applied-to-a-70nm-line-on-a-15ah9e3e.png Figure 7: Shows the correction applied to a 70nm line on a 250nm pitch so that it sizes at the same dose as a 70nm line on a 1000nm pitch with 20nm scattering bars. (0.67nm=x-grid simulation) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-prole-process-flow-schematic-3q7g5l14.png Figure 5: ProLE process flow schematic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-process-window-of-a-70nm-binary-mask-line-on-a-2dm946lj.png Figure 6: The process window of a 70nm binary mask line on a 250nm pitch imaged with a 0.85 numerical aperture exposure, 0.85 partial coherence and 193nm exposure and three different PROLITH aerial image models, High NA Scalar, Full Scalar and, the most rigorous, Vector (unpolarized). The linewidth response based on (a) aerial image threshold model; (b) threshold resist model response for a PROLITH lumped parameter model using very high contrast and very thin resist with no acid diffusion; (c) A lumped parameter that had been tuned to behave like the full resist and imaging models; (d) full chemical amplified positive resist models (the most rigorous). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-we-start-with-a-gdsii-of-a-design-layout-convert-1yu73l3q.png Figure 15. We start with a GDSII of a design layout, convert it a PROLITH mask file (*.msk), import it to PROLITH, simulate imaging and etch, then we export the processed image and convert it to a GDSII file for subsequent analysis by a third-party parasitic extraction tool or in ProDATA. In the GDSII layout of the original design, after develop and after etch patterns are shown referenced to the active layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-to-get-yield-it-is-not-enough-to-do-opc-for-one-20hhhunz.png Figure 14: To get yield it is not enough to do OPC for one layer and another without checking how they interact across varying combinations of focus, exposure and alignment so to make sure that the answers determined also minimize the occurrence of systematic failures due to improper correction of the features. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-original-design-was-nonmanufacturable-as-shown-3m96gz83.png Figure 12: The original design was nonmanufacturable as shown by no overlapping area in the individual feature process windows. No combination of process settings would make this design work in manufacturing. The design, although it was decorated with OPC, didn’t account for lithography effects that PAL later predicted and corrected for. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-after-the-initial-simulation-work-shown-in-figure-3888os9l.png Figure 13: After the initial simulation work shown in figure 12, mask files were generated using varying OPC decorations of the bitcells and ProLE simulation found a solution by screening the features of each mask at sixteen different measurement locations. Doing this, we were able to optimize the design for manufacturability. Note the large area of overlapping process windows of 0.8 µm DoF with 10% exposure latitude = manufacturing capable region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-final-image-function-f-x-y-z-is-a-function-of-eeju8dpp.png Figure 1: The final image function, f(x, y, z) is a function of the source, mask, lens, exposure-focus condition and resist chemistry and pattern transfer function. To solve the inverse problem do an error analysis using the proper propagation of error methodology to minimize the difference between the final image and the ideal image: https://scispace.com/papers/programming-logic-analysis-of-fault-tolerance-expected-3exhpifsys 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-stabilisation-of-token-network-abstraction-2zdf364q.png Fig. 5. Stabilisation of token network: abstraction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-axioms-of-the-expectation-transformer-logic-12-191u243k.png Fig. 2. Axioms of the expectation transformer logic [12] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-leadership-election-protocol-more-severely-abstracted-18mao3v8.png Fig. 4. Leadership election protocol, more severely abstracted https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structural-definitions-of-wp-for-pgcl-1dxw9spp.png Fig. 1. Structural definitions of wp for pGCL https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-straggler-moves-the-wrong-way-205tei9k.png Fig. 6. A straggler moves “the wrong way” https://scispace.com/papers/progress-in-atomic-layer-deposited-alpha-ga2o3-materials-and-23iydasz96 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-xrd-2th-o-scans-of-the-samples-grown-under-various-qklrcvje.png Figure 1. XRD 2θ-ω scans of the samples grown under various (a) temperature, (b) O2 flow, and (c) plasma power. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-haadf-stem-image-of-the-film-and-b-film-substrate-3gy5c6o9.png Figure 2. (a) HAADF-STEM image of the film, and (b) film-substrate interface. (c) Zoomed-in image of the region marked by a square in (b), with crystal model overlay (blue: Ga; red: Al; yellow: O). All images were observed along the 〈112̄0〉 zone axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-i-v-characteristic-of-the-thick-a-ga2o3-film-tested-dqe1fvz2.png Figure 4. I-V characteristic of the thick α-Ga2O3 film tested under 240 nm, 350 nm and dark illumination. In insets, 240 nm photoconduction transient, and scanning electron microscope image of the contact structure used. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-samples-sets-and-growth-conditions-103qm3v9.png Table 1. Summary of samples sets and growth conditions investigated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-uv-vis-transmittance-spectrum-of-the-thick-a-159ff7rn.png Figure 3. (a) UV-vis transmittance spectrum of the thick α-Ga2O3 film, with Tauc plot in inset. (b) Room temperature CL spectrum of the thick α-Ga2O3 film. https://scispace.com/papers/progress-in-the-production-of-hot-gas-filtered-biocrude-oil-61tafgkbo9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-d2wxp7kz.png Figure 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-moisture-in-biocrude-oil-on-viscosity-277u9ucj.png Figure 3. Effect of moisture in biocrude oil on viscosity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2gp3xtgg.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-89eg3smu.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-biocrude-yields-baih9l24.png Table 3 Biocrude Yields https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1993-tax-free-consumer-prices-for-diesel-light-fuel-1944wahw.png Table 1 1993 Tax-free Consumer Prices for Diesel, Light Fuel Oil, and Heavy Fuel Oil https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4b-to-hanoi-3v2lhkze.png Figure 4b. tO .... hanoi " https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4a-2wyle59w.png Figure 4b. tO .... hanoi " https://scispace.com/papers/progress-in-the-engineering-design-and-assessment-of-the-4bzmup7ntm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2015-eu-demo-baseline-highlighting-the-fw-and-divertor-149gdh37.png Fig. 1. 2015 EU DEMO baseline, highlighting the FW and divertor PFCs space allocation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-iter-like-and-thermal-break-pfc-meap-results-2e4s2pmq.png Table 5. ITER-like and Thermal Break PFC MEAP results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-divertor-cassette-assembly-2epf5lzv.png Fig. 3. Divertor cassette assembly. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-poloidal-cross-section-showing-demo-wall-surface-3paqv8of.png Fig. 2. Poloidal cross section showing DEMO wall surface layout and flux surfaces during the burn phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-study-of-fw-coolant-outlet-temperature-varying-the-1swlvd4q.png Fig. 8. Study of FW coolant outlet temperature, varying the number of series channels (n) and the channel hydraulic diameter (Dh). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-integrated-fw-design-11-left-and-proposed-de-3qperbnv.png Fig. 7. Integrated FW design [11] (left) and proposed de- https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-fw-architectures-1c4bm2ll.png Table 1. Advantages and disadvantages of FW architectures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-divertor-target-pfc-concepts-considered-hhepbi86.png Table 4. Divertor target PFC concepts considered. https://scispace.com/papers/progress-in-the-use-of-adeno-associated-viral-vectors-for-t7bgvfyv9n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-description-of-wild-type-and-recombinant-aav-9z6s50p3.png Fig. 2. Schematic description of wild-type and recombinant AAV-2. For the production of rAAV-2 both open reading frames (Rep and Cap) of the wild-type AAV genome are replaced by the transgene. Therefore, the viral functions (integration, replication and new viral production) are lost in rAAV-2, which, as a ‘gutless’ vector, is shuttling the transgene into the cell. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-clonal-growth-of-raav-2-green-fluorescent-protein-yzwfi2v9.png Fig. 4. Clonal growth of rAAV-2/green fluorescent protein transduced keratinocytes. Keratinocytes were transduced with rAAV-2 containing the gene for green fluorescent protein and cultured at clonal density over several passages. Shown are passages 2–4 at days 11 (a), 19 (b) and 27 (c) after transduction, each exhibiting clonal growth of green fluorescent keratinocytes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-high-efficient-gene-transfer-of-human-keratinocytes-2k0l3sl9.png Fig. 3. High-efficient gene transfer of human keratinocytes with rAAV-2 containing the gene for ß-galactosidase (blue cells). https://scispace.com/papers/progress-of-unaids-90-90-90-targets-in-a-district-in-kwazulu-4vmgqrirqs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-numbers-of-participants-self-reported-to-be-hiv-2ctpb7jy.png Table 2: Numbers of participants self-reported to be HIV positive who were linked to care https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hiv-cascade-by-age-group-a-people-living-with-hiv-2fngk3iy.png Figure 3: HIV cascade by age group (A) People living with HIV who know they are HIV positive. (B) People who know they are HIV positive and are taking ART. (C) HIV-positive people taking ART with viral suppression. The absolute numbers for each age group are available in the appendix. ART=antiretroviral therapy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multivariate-odds-ratios-and-95-cis-for-associations-1uqj09pf.png Table 3: Multivariate odds ratios and 95% CIs for associations between sociodemographic variables and the three elements of the UNAIDS 90-90-90 goals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hiv-status-by-laboratory-testing-knowledge-of-hiv-22jnpce2.png Figure 1: HIV status by laboratory testing, knowledge of HIV status, CD4 cell counts, ART status, and viral load suppression status Calculations were weighted; due to rounding the sum of some population numbers do not equal the total on the previous level. ART=antiretroviral therapy. *One viral load missing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cascade-of-care-in-participants-percentages-are-2uwp8b57.png Figure 2: Cascade of care in participants Percentages are based on the number of HIV-positive people and are population weighted. Absolute numbers for each element are available in the appendix. ART=antiretroviral therapy.*Subset of the element or elements to the left. †Denominator includes HIV-positive people with suppressed viral loads, irrespective of ART status. https://scispace.com/papers/progress-made-in-managing-and-valuing-ecosystem-services-a-2hl44gq59g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-showing-the-need-for-improved-interaction-1fyy5det.png Fig. 1. : Schematic showing the need for improved interaction between the adaptive management cycle and the need to improve investment and optimisation of ecological infrastructure development/management. https://scispace.com/papers/progress-report-on-alloy-617-notched-specimen-testing-3sxxbiasxi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-composition-of-the-alloy-617-plate-weight-10zuiwq6.png Table 1. Chemical Composition of the Alloy 617 Plate (weight percent). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-actual-v-notch-specimen-used-in-testing-of-notch-iayvjjk8.png Figure 4. Actual V-notch specimen used in testing of notch effects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-fea-depicting-stress-across-the-v-notch-specimens-3uckcae2.png Figure 11. FEA depicting stress across the V-notch specimens (applied stress scaled to 36 MPa, similar to the 900°C test), with (a) showing stress along the loading axis, (b) stress along the horizontal axis, and (c) stress along the out of plane axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-fea-depicting-stress-across-the-small-radius-u-1vebwipg.png Figure 12. FEA depicting stress across the small radius U-notch specimens (applied stress scaled to 36 MPa, similar the 900°C test), with (a) showing stress along the loading axis, (b) stress along the horizontal axis, and (c) stress along the out of plane axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-fea-model-of-stress-in-the-loading-axis-and-39nakml0.png Figure 14. FEA model of stress in the loading axis and optical micrograph showing the tip of the V-notch, (applied stress 80 MPa at 800°C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-fea-depicting-stress-across-the-large-radius-u-2s1edune.png Figure 13. FEA depicting stress across the large radius U-notch specimens (applied stress scaled to 36 MPa, similar to the 900°C test), with (a) showing stress along the loading axis, (b) stress along the horizontal axis, and (c) stress along the out of plane axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-creep-rupture-specimen-commonly-used-during-alloy-1po8d6pg.png Figure 1. Creep rupture specimen commonly used during alloy development, featuring both a smooth and notched section.[4] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-of-the-bridgeman-notches-with-varying-dno-3glsk8h5.png Figure 3. Schematic of the Bridgeman notches with varying dno/rno ratios, all of which have a D/dno value of √2. https://scispace.com/papers/progress-towards-recalibration-of-spectrographs-3p1cviag5q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-at-the-optimal-distance-43-35-mm-the-spectral-curve-c576tpxu.png Fig. 4. At the optimal distance (43.35 mm), the spectral curve acquired by the PCO Edge CMOS imaging system show well defined peaks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fabricated-mount-for-the-edge-adapter-including-a-271wfdzs.png Fig. 5. Fabricated mount for the Edge adapter, including a blocking window and a slot for lens placement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-full-width-at-half-maximum-comparison-of-the-primary-1hh4ykfe.png Fig. 3. Full width at half maximum comparison of the primary peak at 1- mm intervals from the exit window. Position 9 is the image plane 43.35 mm from the spectrograph window. The peaks (third and fourth) are numbered excluding the high peak at the beginning of the spectral response. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-spectral-information-acquired-by-the-pco-edge-sensor-o6xbr44n.png Fig. 6. Spectral information acquired by the PCO Edge sensor, with the blocking window in place. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-calibrated-imaging-system-pco-pixelfly-ccd-sensor-3hfelniz.png Fig. 1. The calibrated imaging system (PCO Pixelfly CCD sensor) shows six clearly defined peaks corresponding to the mercury lamp (source) reflected off the Spectralon. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-spectral-response-captured-by-the-edge-sensor-3dfm6poy.png Fig. 2. The spectral response captured by the Edge sensor shows a similar pattern of the six peaks, and additional peaks that we consider to be the second order of diffraction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-at-the-known-focal-plane-distance-the-lens-holder-4842ux4f.png Fig. 7. At the known focal plane distance, the lens holder assembly including a blocking window and a 9mm focal length lens. https://scispace.com/papers/progress-testing-with-short-answer-questions-2a4b01d8wq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-quality-procedures-1nxzfioz.png Figure 2. Quality procedures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-form-for-preparing-progress-test-items-with-example-2lgx3uyp.png Figure 1. Form for preparing progress test items, with example. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-test-scores-2957hg3y.png Table 1. Test scores. https://scispace.com/papers/progress-with-sns-fast-beam-chopper-43dp504314 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-prototype-current-structure-in-the-vacuum-test-1uzkbu95.png Figure 5: The prototype current structure in the vacuum test chamber. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bird-electronics-8775-load-is-being-tested-with-the-ne86hnu2.png Figure 6: Bird Electronics 8775 load is being tested with the time-domain reflectometer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-chopper-assembly-mounted-on-the-vacuum-box-lid-1q3hc4ze.png Figure 4: Chopper assembly mounted on the vacuum box lid (courtesy of Daryl Oshatz, LBNL). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-assembled-current-plates-of-the-mebt-chopper-3h6be1m1.png Figure 3: Assembled current plates of the MEBT chopper. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-part-of-the-meander-structure-model-notched-metal-2tq3fg2i.png Figure 1: A part of the meander structure model: notched metal meander strip (dark-blue) on dielectric supports (green), metal separators (red) are connected to the ground plate (light-blue, below). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-close-up-view-of-the-prototype-current-structure-2t4uzavo.png Figure 2: Close-up view of the prototype current structure. https://scispace.com/papers/progress-toward-high-energy-electron-cooling-wf47e47w0n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-horizontal-and-vertical-drift-angles-calculated-ckvx90io.png Figure 3: The horizontal and vertical drift angles, calculated by a running average of transverse angles over one Larmor period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-horizontal-and-vertical-angles-3mc8oj38.png Figure 2: The horizontal and vertical angles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-of-a-high-energy-electron-cooling-system-30c24g4y.png Figure 4: Schematic of a high-energy electron cooling system for RHIC [5]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-horizontal-and-vertical-field-errors-the-3jynho1f.png Figure 1: The horizontal and vertical field errors. The solenoid diameter is D = 30 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-layout-of-the-fermilab-electron-cooling-2iwksdt5.png Figure 4: Schematic of a high-energy electron cooling system for RHIC [5]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simplified-electrical-schematic-of-the-fermilab-1z4diur8.png Figure 2: The horizontal and vertical angles. https://scispace.com/papers/progressive-changes-in-liquefaction-and-cone-penetration-1pxpll23yu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dynamic-responses-for-model-1-in-shaking-event-10-17o6iufd.png Figure 6. Dynamic responses for Model 1 in shaking event 10 (PBA= 0.12g). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-dynamic-responses-for-model-1-in-shaking-event-12-37df1pd8.png Figure 7. Dynamic responses for Model 1 in shaking event 12 (PBA= 0.21g). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-dynamic-responses-for-model-1-in-shaking-event-29-3ax2q8wh.png Figure 8. Dynamic responses for Model 1 in shaking event 29 (PBA= 0.29g). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-progression-of-a-measured-cone-penetration-2kxlsu9u.png Figure 9. Progression of (a) measured cone penetration resistance, (b) normalized penetration resistance, and (c) estimated relative density, in Model 1 over the sequence of shaking events https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-crr-csr-categories-and-criteria-w25iugps.png Table 1. CRR, CSR categories and criteria https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representative-plan-view-and-cross-section-model-27r10upj.png Figure 1. Representative plan view and cross section (model scale). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparison-of-crr15cyc-s-1-qc1n-pairs-from-the-320bp568.png Figure 11. Comparison of CRR15cyc,σ’=1 – qc1N pairs from the centrifuge tests with the case history based correlation by Boulanger and Idriss (2014): (a) Models 1 and 2, and (b) Model 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-interpolation-of-qc1n-values-between-cone-pushes-14g2qnbg.png Figure 10. Interpolation of qc1N values between cone pushes for Model 1. https://scispace.com/papers/project-leadership-in-oil-and-gas-industry-an-empirical-aa1xgdlqsf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-fifteen-leadership-competencies-adopted-1swjoy4i.png Table 2: Summary of fifteen leadership competencies adopted from Dulewicz and Higgs (2003) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-six-modern-schools-of-leadership-28mjg8ue.png Table 1: Summary of six modern schools of leadership https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-respondents-demographics-2dv7mtqv.png Table 3: Respondents demographics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-project-managers-self-rating-in-kuwait-2dr095mj.png Table 4: Summary of project managers self-rating in Kuwait https://scispace.com/papers/progressive-hedging-for-stochastic-programs-with-cross-4rkl1mbeq3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-upper-left-we-define-a-two-stage-scenario-tree-that-1z4m888m.png Fig. 2 Upper left: We define a two-stage scenario tree that have the decisions for today in the first stage and decisions for tomorrow and rest of the period in the second stage. Bids for tomorrow are determined before tomorrow’s operations, but are calculated from possible production schedules for tomorrow. Lower left: Problem structure of the deterministic equivalent used in PHA. The grey boxes indicate where cross-scenario constraints are added. Right: An illustration of the results from solving the bidding problem; bid curves for each hour of tomorrow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-left-an-illustration-of-the-time-profile-of-three-3emiavle.png Fig. 3 Left: An illustration of the time profile of three price scenarios over three hours. In the first hour, Scenario 3 (red) has the lowest price and thus should have the lowest production volume. So, for the first hour, we require that production in Scenario 3 must be lower than in Scenario 2 (blue), and production in Scenario 2 must be lower than in Scenario 1 (green). In the next hour, the order is changed, and the production in Scenario 2 should be lower than in Scenario 3, which again should be lower than in Scenario 1. In the final hour, production in Scenario 3 should be lower than in Scenario 1, which should be lower than in Scenario 2. Right: An illustration of the results from bid optimization, comparable to Fig 2. Bid curves are piecewise linear and given by a set of price-volume points. The price and optimized volume in each scenario gives a point on the bid curve, as seen here for the scenarios to the left. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-an-illustration-of-how-an-implementable-bid-curve-is-xqxcvblm.png Fig. 4 An illustration of how an implementable bid curve is calculated in each iteration of PHA for inequality constraints. We consider a single hour and three scenarios. Scenarios are indexed by prices on the price axis and by bid volumes on the volume axis. To the left, where scenarios are sorted by increasing prices, the results do not represent a non-decreasing bid curve. The right plot shows the scenarios sorted by bid volume and this the non-decreasing, implementable solution. The resulting equations that determines ŷ (k) s are seen to the right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-bid-curves-for-all-24-hours-of-tomorrow-as-obtained-6by5xjhb.png Fig. 6 Bid curves for all 24 hours of tomorrow, as obtained from the full stochastic program (black) and PHA for inequality constraints (blue). Values along the price-axis are removed for confidentiality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-bid-curves-for-hour-9-of-tomorrow-as-obtained-from-the-1o6vp9y4.png Fig. 7 Bid curves for Hour 9 of tomorrow, as obtained from the full stochastic program (black) and PHA for inequality constraints (blue). As seen from Fig. 6, the results for the other hours have similar differences. Values along the price-axis are removed for confidentiality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-distance-s-ps-ys-y-k-as-calculated-in-step-9-of-3pxe1013.png Fig. 8 The distance ∑ S πs||ys − y(k)|| as calculated in Step 9 of standard PHA. . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-distance-s-ps-ys-y-k-s-as-calculated-in-step-9-of-io5ep1om.png Fig. 9 The distance ∑ S πs||ys − ŷ (k) s || as calculated in Step 9 of PHA for inequality constraints. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-upper-left-we-define-a-two-stage-scenario-tree-that-2lfasyil.png Fig. 1 Upper left: We define a two-stage scenario tree that have the decisions for today in the first stage and decisions for tomorrow and rest of the period in the second stage. Lower left: Problem structure of the deterministic equivalent used in PHA. The grey boxes indicate where cross-scenario constraints are added. Right: An illustration of the result from solving the scheduling problem; production schedules for each generating unit in the system. https://scispace.com/papers/progressive-failure-site-generation-in-algan-gan-high-2th5xq9vr9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-weibull-plot-of-the-generation-time-of-each-defect-x900uzio.png FIG. 1. Weibull plot of the generation time of each defect under stress Vgs = −15V, Vds = 40V at different temperatures. The right vertical axis indicates the corresponding cumulative failure percentage. Insets: (Top) False color EL image of a stressed 100 m-wide AlGaN/GaNon-SiC HEMT. (Bottom) Weibull slope extracted from the linear region of each curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-representative-afm-images-of-algan-gan-hemt-device-3s9yjs9g.png FIG. 4. Representative AFM images of AlGaN/GaN HEMT device surface after removal of the passivation and metal contacts for devices stressed at (a) 21 ˚C and (b) 120 ˚C, respectively. (c) Percentage of different types of surface pits, with Type 1 defined as those of aspect ratio > 2, Type 2 of aspect ratio between 0.5 and 2, and Type 3 of aspect ratio < 0.5. (d) Average pit area and average pit size in the dimension normal and parallel to the gate finger. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-averaged-in-stress-leakage-per-spot-and-post-me05fqrc.png FIG. 3. Time-averaged in-stress leakage per spot and post-stress leakage per spot measured at room temperature. Inset: Post-stress Schottky gate characteristics (in linear scale) measured at room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-leakage-current-per-el-spot-in-the-algan-gan-2rnjdmvw.png FIG. 2. Average leakage current per EL spot in the AlGaN/GaN HEMTs as a function of time at different stress temperatures. The errors are approximately ±10% (not shown) due to uncertainties in the counted number of EL spots. https://scispace.com/papers/progressive-polygon-encoding-of-shape-contours-170z32c4av 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stripe-geometrical-rule-1-22ombwz7.png Figure 4. Stripe geometrical rule (1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-inter-pixel-contour-representation-13u188we.png Figure 1. Inter-pixel contour representation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-reduced-set-of-possible-positions-for-child-jiljkido.png Figure 5. Reduced set of possible positions for child vertices along a level 2 parent edge, geometrical rule (1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dynamically-reduced-set-of-positions-for-child-fw4l4zjs.png Figure 6. Dynamically reduced set of positions for child vertices along a level 2 parent edge, 3 previously transmitted child vertices, geometrical rules (5,6,7). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-various-polygon-encoding-methods-for-1rwqprzv.png Figure 9. Comparison of various polygon encoding methods for two video sequences in intra mode, 100 frames, QCIF format. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-progressive-transmission-of-polygon-approximation-12mat1tv.png Figure 3. Progressive transmission of polygon approximation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-edge-v1v2-is-split-by-adding-a-new-vertex-in-p-if-2ybyb489.png Figure 2. Edge [v1v2] is split by adding a new vertex in P if the corresponding distance is larger than the tolerated error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-progressive-decoding-of-sequence-news-frame-0-from-1vqdd5bv.png Figure 8. Progressive decoding of sequence 'News', frame 0. From left to right: coarse approximation (error 2, 341 bits), intermediate approximation (error 1, 416 bits), lossless representation (1087 bits). https://scispace.com/papers/project-driven-supply-chains-integrating-safety-stock-and-5d8pwp1g6i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-empirical-distribution-of-dt1-2uvcz48b.png Table 1: The empirical distribution of Dt1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-standard-project-schedule-at-icm-3948rmcm.png Figure 3: Standard project schedule at ICM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-impact-of-the-lead-time-u1d93yyt.png Table 4: Impact of the lead time. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-robustness-of-the-optimal-base-stock-level-1v5l8kc3.png Table 3: Robustness of the optimal base-stock level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-model-of-project-driven-supply-chain-2fnn2krl.png Figure 2: The model of project driven supply chain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-recurrent-projects-with-standardized-material-365ccqbv.png Figure 1: Recurrent projects with standardized material requirements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-impact-of-project-due-date-3flkq085.png Figure 6: The impact of project due date. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-delays-of-structural-steel-52dx3z2a.png Table 2: Delays of structural steel. https://scispace.com/papers/project-management-for-complex-ground-based-instruments-2hvs2kgatv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chart-and-representatives-at-the-cdr-2pdkbp1v.png Figure 1. Chart and representatives at the CDR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fiber-mos-and-focal-adapter-gantt-chart-planning-2pxkdooh.png Figure 3. Fiber MOS and Focal Adapter Gantt chart. Planning from CDR to delivery https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-optical-bundles-planning-from-cdr-to-delivery-2hyrqd1m.png Figure 4. Optical Bundles. Planning from CDR to delivery https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-manatee-output-exported-in-an-xls-file-critical-2lhysyg3.png Figure 6. MANATEE output exported in an xls file. Critical Path for the completion of Collimator Optics (215 days). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-manatee-output-exported-in-an-xls-file-critical-23p83gsp.png Figure 7. MANATEE output exported in an xls file. Critical Path for the completion of Collimator Subsystem (259 days). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-manatee-output-exported-in-an-xls-file-aiv-2p2al6ki.png Figure 10. MANATEE output exported in an xls file. AIV milestone list https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-project-organization-at-the-critical-design-review-21wi4op4.png Figure 2. Project Organization at the Critical Design Review. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-manatee-output-exported-in-an-xls-file-lr-z-element-2lwxquxl.png Figure 9. MANATEE output exported in an xls file. LR-Z element. Example of the schedule detail and links. https://scispace.com/papers/projection-specific-deficits-in-synaptic-transmission-in-4qct804vv1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-locomotion-phenotypes-are-evident-in-sapap3-ko-mice-4q1wjyup.png Figure 5: Locomotion phenotypes are evident in Sapap3-KO mice by conventional behavioral analysis and quantification of sub-second behavioral syllables. (a) Experimental paradigm for behavioral analysis. “Macro” indicates conventional locomotor analysis and manual scoring of grooming, “MoSeq” indicates unsupervised motion sequencing. (b) Time spent grooming differed between WT and KO. Unpaired t-test, p = 0.038. N = 12 WT, 9 KO. (c) Distance traveled in the open field was significantly less in KO mice. Unpaired t-test, p = 2x10-6; N = 12 WT, 9 KO. (d) Time mobile was significantly reduced in KO mice. Unpaired t-test, p = 5x10-5; N = 12 WT, 9 KO. (e) Velocity during mobility time was significantly decreased in KO mice. Unpaired t-test, p = 3x10-6; N = 12 WT, 9 KO. (f) Number of blocks in immobility did not differ between WT and KO. Unpaired t-test, p = 0.212; N = 12 WT, 9 KO. (g) Illustration of MoSeq behavioral set-up and work-flow for MoSeq analysis. Color images illustrate a screen shot from a “groom” and an unlabeled, neutral syllable. (h) Distribution of duration of all syllable blocks. 93.8% of all blocks had a duration of less than https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-corticostriatal-synaptic-deficits-in-mice-at-10-20-16y7pow4.png Figure 2: Corticostriatal synaptic deficits in mice at 10-20 weeks of age. (a) Schematic of virus injection and location for patch-clamp recordings. Mice were Sapap3-KO and WT littermates crossed with the D1-Cre mouse line. (b) mCherry-positive cells were identified as D1-MSNs, not fluorescent cells as D2-MSNs. For the representative picture, nuclei were stained with Hoechst (blue). (c) Representative traces of electrically evoked EPSCs recorded in D1- or D2-MSNs. Stimulation artefact was removed. Scale bars are 50 ms, 100 pA. (d) AMPAR / NMDAR (A/N) ratios were significantly different between WT and KO mice in D1MSNs (p = 0.015) and D2-MSNs (p = 0.003). Unpaired t-test WT vs. KO. N (D1-MSNs) = 8 WT, 11 KO; N (D2-MSNs) = 12 WT, 11 KO. (e) Rectification index (RI) did not differ between WT and KO in D1-MSNs (p = 0.9), but in D2-MSNs (p = 0.0003). Unpaired t-test WT vs. KO. N (D1-MSNs) = 8 WT, 9 KO; N (D2-MSNs) = 12 WT, 9 KO. (f) Paired pulse ratios (PPR) did not differ between WT and KO mice in D1-MSNs (p = 0.43) and D2-MSNs (p = 0.97). Nonparametric t-test (D1-MSNs) and unpaired t-test (D2-MSNs) WT vs. KO. N (D1-MSNs) = 10 WT, 10 KO; N (D2-MSNs) = 16 WT, 15 KO. Data are mean ± SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-input-specificity-of-corticostriatal-synaptic-teekatzu.png Figure 3: Input-specificity of corticostriatal synaptic deficits in Sapap3-KO mice. (a) Schematic of virus injection and location for patch-clamp recordings. Mice were Sapap3-KO and WT littermates crossed with a D1-Cre mouse line. (b) Representative traces of lightevoked EPSCs recorded in D1-MSNs on the M1/M2 input. Scale bars are 50 ms, 100 pA. (c) Representative image of the ChR2 injection site in the M1/M2 (green) and mCherry expressed by D1-MSNs in the dorsolateral striatum (red). Blue is Hoechst-staining of cell nuclei. Scale bars are 500 µm. (d) AMPAR / NMDAR (A/N) ratios were significantly different between WT and KO mice in D1-MSNs (p = 0.009) and D2- MSNs (p = 0.003) at the M1/M2 input. Unpaired t-test WT vs. KO. N (D1-MSNs) = 10 WT, 10 KO; N (D2-MSNs) = 10 WT, 11 KO. (e) Rectification index (RI) did not differ between WT and KO in D1-MSNs (p = 0.63) and D2-MSNs (p = 0.38) at the M1/M2 input. Unpaired t-test WT vs. KO. N (D1-MSNs) = 10 WT, 9 KO; N (D2-MSNs) = 10 WT, 11 KO. (f) Paired pulse ratios (PPR) did not differ between WT and KO mice in D1-MSNs (p = 0.053) and D2-MSNs (p = 0.67) at the M1/M2 input. Nonparametric t-test (D1-MSNs) and unpaired t-test (D2-MSNs) WT vs. KO. N (D1-MSNs) = 10 WT, N (D1-MSNs) = 11 KO; N (D2-MSNs) = 8 WT, N (D2-MSNs) = 8 KO. (g) Same as in c, but ChR2 injection site was in the Cg1/M2 (green) and mCherry expressed by D1MSNs in the dorsomedial striatum (red). (h) A/N ratios were significantly different between WT and KO mice in D1-MSNs (p = 0.045) and D2-MSNs (p = 0.005) at the Cg1/M2 input. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-decreased-ampar-currents-but-no-nmdar-subunit-2cx56gag.png Figure 4: Decreased AMPAR currents but no NMDAR subunit differences at the M1/M2to-DLS synapses in Sapap3-KO mice. (a) Schematic of virus injection and location for patchclamp recordings. (b) Three consecutive traces of recordings in Ca2+-containing artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF; in grey; slice from WT) and in Sr2+-containing aCSF (in blue, WT; orange, KO). Light-blue lines indicate light stimulation. Scale bar is 50 ms, 100 pA. (c) Cumulative probability of EPSC amplitude in presence of Sr2+. Amplitudes were significantly lower in KO than in WT mice. P = 0.0021, Kolmogorov-Smirnov comparison. N (cells) = 8 WT, 12 KO. (d) Cumulative probability of inter-event intervals. Frequency was significantly lower in KO than in WT mice. P = 0.0086, Kolmogorov-Smirnov comparison. N (cells) = 8 WT, 12 KO. (e) Representative traces of current–voltage (I/V) relationship of NMDA receptor currents. Scale bar is 300 ms, 50 pA. (f) Current/voltage curves for two representative cells. (g) NMDAR EPSCs at -80 mV holding potential normalized to the EPSCs at +40 mV holding potential did not differ between WT and KO mice. P = 0.91, non-parametric t-test. N (cells) = 18 WT, 18 KO. (h) Decay constant (weighted tau; Tauw) of NMDAR EPSCs recorded at +40 mV holding potentials did not differ between WT and KO mice. P = 0.11, unpaired t-test. N (cells) = 14 WT, 18 KO. Data are mean ± SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-excessive-grooming-across-age-in-sapap3-ko-mice-but-3fiq4bms.png Figure 1: Excessive grooming across age in Sapap3-KO mice, but no major genotype effect on PV+ cells in the striatum. (a) Experimental paradigm to evaluate grooming across age. (b) Time spent grooming (%) vs. age. Grooming bouts of minimum 2 s duration were considered. Linear regression was not significant either for WT or for KO animals. R2(WT) = 0.0013, R2(KO) = 0.027, p(WT) = 0.87, p(KO) = 0.31; N = 23 WT, 39 KO. Lines are best fit with 95% confidence bands. (c) Number of grooming bouts in 5 min vs. age. Grooming bouts of minimum 2 s duration were considered. Linear regression was not significant either for WT or for KO animals. R2(WT) = 0.010, R2(KO) = 0.063, p(WT) = 0.65, p(KO) = 0.12; N = 22 WT, 39 KO. Lines are best fit with 95% confidence bands. (d) Quantification of parvalbumincontaining (PV+) cells in the dorsolateral-, dorsomedial-, and centromedial striatum (DLS, DMS, and cDS), motor cortex 1 (M1) and somatosensory cortex 1 (S1). (e) Representative pictures of immunostained PV+ cells. Scale bars are 100 µm. (f) Number of PV+ cells in the striatal regions of interests (ROIs). Values are average counts from six ROIs per animal. There was a significant main genotype difference (F (1, 51) = 5.873, p = 0.019), but no significant differences in the post-hoc test. 2-way ANOVA with Sidak post-hoc test, N=10 WT, 9 KO. (g) Number of PV+ cells in M1 and S1. The number of PV+ cells was not significantly different between Sapap3-KO and WT littermates. F (1, 34) = 1.572, p = 0.22, 2-way ANOVA, N=10 WT, 9 KO. (h) Schematic of virus injection and location for patch-clamp recordings. Mice https://scispace.com/papers/projecting-the-spread-of-covid-19-for-germany-13ovcr1udk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-current-infection-rates-and-risks-in-a-sample-of-2meyf38p.png Table 1 Current infection rates and risks in a sample of European countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-enlarged-version-of-figure-4-with-data-and-model-umitu3tl.png Figure 10 Enlarged version of figure 4 with data and model fit https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-number-of-sick-individuals-s-2-by-day-starting-1jarz5eo.png Figure 5 The number of sick individuals (s = 2) by day starting on 24 February 2020 in the absence of public health measures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-effect-of-changes-in-the-long-run-infection-23wqdd8r.png Figure 9 The effect of changes in the long-run infection rate ρ̄ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transitions-between-the-state-of-health-initial-pirh8bld.png Figure 3 Transitions between the state of health (initial state), sickness, death and health despite infection or after recovery https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-new-incidences-reported-in-the-model-nnew2-t-curve-1b22sx2g.png Figure 4 New incidences (reported) in the model (Nnew2 (t) , curve) and in the data (dots) (left figure) and the number N ever2 (t) of sick in model and data (right figure) for the epidemic without public health measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-for-the-epidemic-without-public-health-1ghqb3ny.png Table 2 Parameters for the epidemic without public health measures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-effect-of-a-shut-down-2g1h9ils.png Figure 8 The effect of a shut down https://scispace.com/papers/projections-of-chinese-energy-demands-in-2020-29odk1crjn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-effects-of-more-rapid-growth-1-faster-on-ktoecoal-zujxdeqv.png Table 12: Effects of More Rapid Growth (1% faster) on KTOECoal Crude Oil Petro. Prod. Gas Electricity Heat Total 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-energy-consumption-and-gdp-3vqh5fae.png Figure 2: Energy Consumption and GDP https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-chinese-trade-in-crude-oil-and-petroleum-products-37cb2ovb.png Table 4 Chinese Trade in Crude Oil and Petroleum Products Crude (as % of crude inputs) Products (as % of product use) Imports Exports Net Imports Imports Exports Net Imports https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-forecast-energy-balance-china-2020-3vbenb98.png Table 6: Forecast Energy Balance---China 2020 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-energy-consumption-and-gdp-1ixb1vjb.png Figure 4: Energy Consumption and GDP https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-growth-of-energy-consumption-change-per-year-q3rbdeu9.png Table 1: Growth of Energy Consumption (% change per year) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-chinese-energy-consumption-in-a-world-perspective-2oruoxgd.png Table 3: Chinese Energy Consumption in a World Perspective 2002 EC per https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-here-2g5ohp6j.png Figure 6 here https://scispace.com/papers/projective-plane-iteratively-decodable-block-codes-for-wdm-2ylbc9kll4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-projected-ber-performance-of-unital-on-pg-2-64-pg-2-81-1p24fmwo.png Fig. 4. Projected BER performance of unital on PG(2, 64)-, PG(2, 81)-, PG(2, 25)-, and PG(2, 64)-based LDPC codes on AWGN channel, and projected BER performance of oval on PG(2, 16)- and PG(2, 64)-based LDPC codes on AWGN channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-of-a-bipartite-graph-1akdfpvs.png Fig. 5. Example of a bipartite graph. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-finite-geometry-2-v-k-1-families-35rv6uzv.png TABLE I FINITE GEOMETRY 2 (v; k; 1) FAMILIES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-required-codeword-lengths-of-finite-geometry-codes-n-2-35m6t3cm.png Fig. 1. Required codeword lengths of finite geometry codes (n = 2 , m 2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-parity-check-matrices-ranks-and-lower-bound-on-5sf3i4xt.png TABLE II PARITY-CHECK MATRICES RANKS AND LOWER BOUND ON MINIMUM DISTANCE OF FINITE GEOMETRY CODES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ber-performance-of-ag-2-2-pg-2-2-oval-2-2-and-unital-38h6ougb.png Fig. 3. BER performance of AG(2, 2 )-, PG(2, 2 )-, oval(2, 2 )-, and unital on PG(2, 2 )-based LDPC codes at 40 Gb/s (after the third iteration). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ber-versus-q-factor-for-ag-2-2-based-ldpc-code-at-10-13kpqstv.png Fig. 2. BER versus Q factor for AG(2, 2 )-based LDPC code at 10 Gb/s. https://scispace.com/papers/projected-pupil-plane-pattern-pppp-with-artificial-neural-4koldrjam0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-diagram-of-the-generation-of-pppp-signal-ofoysza3.png Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the generation of PPPP signal and NN reconstructor as a black box. A Gaussian-like beam at the pupil I0 propagates through a random phase screen to h1 and h2, forming images I1 and I2 respectively. The input for NN reconstructor then is the two images I1 and I2 and the output is the reconstructed 78 Zernike coefficients (here shown as the reconstructed phase for convenience). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-two-representative-optical-turbulence-profiles-3m2d5uyx.png Figure 4. Two representative optical turbulence profiles measured at ESO Paranal from Farley et al. (2018) with r0’s equalling 0.0976 and 0.171 m. They have both 100- and 20- turbulence layer representations; the 20 layer representation in used in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-residual-variance-of-the-zernike-coefficients-for-wzv9ysp1.png Figure 6. Residual variance of the Zernike coefficients for the linear and NN reconstructor from AO simulation for different laser powers and for the two turbulence profiles, (left) r0 = 0.0976 and (right) r0 = 0.171 m. The “NGS SH” lines shows the idealized performance from a noiseless SH WFS and the “tur” lines are the uncorrected Zernike coefficient variances. Zernike mode is synonymous with Zernike polynomial. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-wfe-nm-for-different-models-using-different-training-113m1ssv.png Table 2. WFE (nm) for different models using different training datasets. The first three rows use a NN trained with laser power equalling: only 20 W, only 200 W or a combination (10, 20 ,200 W and infinity). The WFE of the linear reconstructor and NGS SH are shown for comparison, as well as the uncorrected turbulence RMS. https://scispace.com/papers/projector-domain-phase-unwrapping-in-a-structured-light-23mqpwxa6u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-merged-camera-a-red-and-b-blue-points-clouds-187nr22e.png Figure 6. Merged camera A (red) and B (blue) points clouds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-quality-map-components-a-pixels-unwrapped-using-the-2ngfzn93.png Figure 3. Quality map components; (a) pixels unwrapped using the approach of Section 2.1 and 2.2; (b) density of stereo unwrapped points; (c) local derivative measure; (d) final quality map. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wrapped-phase-images-with-epipolar-line-plotted-3es9k60u.png Figure 1. Wrapped phase images with epipolar line plotted. Each circle identifies a pixel with the same phase as the projector pixel; image from (a) camera A; (b) camera B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-the-stereo-camera-geometry-used-to-3mzsz973.png Figure 2. Illustration of the stereo camera geometry used to identify correspondences across camera views. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-final-unwrapped-images-of-a-camera-a-corresponding-25fnl3uu.png Figure 4. Final unwrapped images of (a) camera A, corresponding to Fig. 1(a); (b) camera B, corresponding to Fig. 1(b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-unwrapped-image-for-camera-a-corresponding-to-fig-1-v76kyc6r.png Figure 5. Unwrapped image for camera A, corresponding to Fig. 1(a), using the method in [5]. Incorrectly unwrapped regions are circled. https://scispace.com/papers/projections-of-regional-changes-in-forest-net-primary-1pb418s8fn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-change-in-net-primary-productivity-npp-in-megagrams-c-a2oocvm2.png Fig. 3 Change in net primary productivity (NPP; in megagrams C per hectare per year) for each tree species in each environmental zone (Metzger et al. 2005) (for abbreviations, see Table 1) over all climate change scenarios for simulations with acclimation of photosynthesis to [CO2] and persistent CO2 effects. Boxplots defined as in Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-changes-in-net-primary-productivity-npp-in-megagrams-5cccppve.png Table 3 Changes in net primary productivity (NPP; in megagrams C per hectare per year) in each environmental zone (Metzger et al. 2005) (for abbreviations, see Table 1) and for each RCM/GCMcombination (CCLM/ ECHAM5 (CCLM), HadRM3/HadCM3 (HAD) and HIRHAM3/Arpège (HIR)), CO2 emission scenario (A1B or B1), realization (R1 or R2), and time slice (P1=2001–2030, P2=2031–2060, and P3=2061–2090) considered in this study https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-stands-per-main-tree-species-in-each-18a7rahg.png Table 1 Number of stands per main tree species in each environmental zone (after Metzger et al. 2005) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-change-in-net-primary-productivity-npp-in-megagrams-c-3vhzxzzy.png Fig. 2 Change in net primary productivity (NPP; in megagrams C per hectare per year) for each site averaged over all climate change scenarios for simulations with persistent CO2 effects (left) and acclimation of photosynthesis to [CO2] (right). The environmental zones follow the classification of Metzger et al. (2005) https://scispace.com/papers/proliferation-and-osteogenic-differentiation-of-mesenchymal-4dtfooi585 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-percentage-of-porosity-of-the-pcl-pla-and-pla-106llvol.png Fig. 3. (a) The percentage of porosity of the PCL, PLA, and PLA/PCL scaffolds, and the 287 percentage of the distribution of pore size of (b) the PLA scaffolds, (c) the PCL scaffolds, and 288 (d) the PLA/PCL composite scaffold. 289 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mtt-assay-results-show-snls-proliferation-on-sintered-1umknubc.png Fig. 6. MTT assay results show SNLs proliferation on sintered scaffolds after 1, 4 and 7 days 391 of incubation. SNL76/7 cells were treated for 1, 3 and 5 days in the absence or presence of PCL, 392 PLA, and PLA/PCL scaffolds. Results were expressed and were the mean ± SD of optical 393 density of three independent experiments. Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA test. 394 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-macrograph-image-of-the-fabricated-pla-pcl-and-pla-a1sqdeut.png Fig. 2. (a) macrograph image of the fabricated PLA, PCL, and PLA/PCL scaffolds using the 271 sintering method. SEM micrograph images of different scaffolds; (b and c) PLA, (d and e) PCL, 272 and (f and g) PLA/PCL with two magnifications (500X and 1000X). 273 The broadest range of pores size belonged to the PLA/PCL composite scaffolds with 274 the pore size of 75±3 𝜇m to 400±17 𝜇m with an average of 197±9 𝜇m (figure 3 (d)). The 275 difference in size between the most significant pore with the smallest pore in the PCL scaffold 276 was 270±12 μm (figure 3 (b)). Thus, all the scaffolds had a wide range of pores that could 277 provide a high specific surface to enabling cell attachment and bonding, and cell migration. 278 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-remaining-mass-of-sintered-scaffolds-pla-pcl-and-1sg6h0j0.png Fig. 5. The remaining mass of sintered scaffolds (PLA, PCL, and PLA/PCL) in accelerated 372 medium (NaOH 1M) for 48h (a) and PBS for 90 days (b). The results are presented as mean ± 373 SD. 374 375 Cytotoxicity 376 377 The biocompatibility of the PLA and PCL scaffolds prepared via different methods has 378 been extensively shown in various studies (Ahmadzadeh, Babaei et al. 2018, Hernandez-379 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mechanical-properties-and-water-uptake-of-pcl-pcl-and-1qi2preu.png Fig. 4. Mechanical properties and water uptake of PCL, PCL and PCL/PLA scaffolds. (a) 336 Maximum tensile stress (Max. STR.); (b) Young's modulus; (c) Maximum tensile strain 337 (Max. STN.); (d) Water adsorption of Scaffolds. All experiments have been carried out in 338 three replicates. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.005, 339 ***p < 0.0005, ****p < 0.0001 340 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-ftir-spectra-peak-assignments-of-functional-13b0w0ii.png Table 1. The FTIR spectra peak assignments of functional groups for the PLA, PCL, and PLA-252 PCL(Fang, Zhang et al. 2010, Ghaffari-Bohlouli, Zahedi et al. 2020, Ghaffari-253 Bohlouli, Jafari et al. 2021). 254 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-osteogenic-mineralization-analysis-of-the-samples-3ozf9q4w.png Fig. 8. The osteogenic mineralization analysis of the samples: (a) ALP analysis of hMSCs (p < 431 0.05) and (b) the measured OD levels of calcium minerals deposited by hMSCs due to 432 osteogenic induction. Results were expressed as of ALP activity (OD) and calcium content 433 (μg/scaffold) and were the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Data were analyzed 434 using a two-way ANOVA test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.005 as compared to the control (TCSP). 435 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-ftir-spectra-of-pla-pcl-and-pla-pcl-composite-1pak10ii.png Fig. 1. (a) FTIR spectra of PLA, PCL and PLA/PCL composite scaffolds, (b) chemical 260 structure of PCL and PLA. 261 https://scispace.com/papers/prolin-rich-tyrosine-kinase-2-pyk2-expression-and-102e5atymd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-expression-of-pyk2-proteins-in-mouse-adult-testis-1a5p2h69.png Fig. 3. The expression of PYK2 proteins in mouse adult testis (lane 1), interstitium (lane 2), ser (lane 3), normal mouse testis germ cells (lanes 4–7), and PC3 cells positive control (lane 8). Total lysates (500 mg) for each sample were subjected to immunoprecipitation and immunoblot with antibody to PYK2 (#600). A specific band was observed at 110 kDa by comparison with co-migrating size markers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fluorescence-microphotographs-of-left-panel-spg-a-1y7plmqk.png Fig. 4. Fluorescence microphotographs of (left panel) spg (A, arrows), spc (B), multinucleated round spermatid (C), elongated spt (D), spermatozoa (E), and acrosoma reacted spermatozoa (F) subjected to indirect immunofluorescence analysis with rabbit polyclonal anti PYK2 (#638) antibody. All samples were also stained with Hoechst for the visualization of chromatin (right panel) spg (G, arrows), spc (H), round spermatid (I), elongated spt (J), spermatozoa (K), and acrosoma reacted spermatozoa (L). Magnification: bar¼50 mm (A, G); bar¼ 15 mm (B, C, D, E, F, H, I, J, K, L). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-western-blot-detection-of-pyk2-proteins-in-the-3pivlzoz.png Fig. 5. Western blot detection of PYK2 proteins in the spermatozoa mouse extracts. The cells were incubated with CaCl2 and with the ionophoreA23187 (10mM,SigmaChemicalCorporation, St. Louis,MO) at different time. Proteins (50 mg per lane) were resolved by SDS– PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose membranes and then incubated with antibody raised against phospho-Y402 PYK2 and PYK2 (#600) protein. A specific band was observed at 110 kDa by comparison with co-migrating size marker. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-localization-of-the-prolin-rich-tyrosine-kinase-2-2uzns0e1.png Fig. 1. A: Localization of the prolin-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) protein in sections of adult mouse testis by immunocytochemistry. Representative seminiferous tubules showing staining in the cytoplasm of spermatogonia (spg), spermatocytes (spc), spermatids (spt), and Sertoli cells (ser). B: Control section using the antibody preadsorbed with the cognate peptide (10 6 M); symbols are as indicated above. Bar¼ 50 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-expression-of-pyk2-mrna-in-mouse-testis-northern-blot-g6o4l3q6.png Fig. 2. Expression of Pyk2 mRNA in mouse testis. Northern Blot analysis of Pyk2 mRNA in adult mouse testis (lane 1), interstitial tissue (lane 2), ser (lane 3), in normal freshly isolated testicular cell populations (lanes 4–6), and PC3 cells positive control (lane 7). Each lane contained 20 mg of total RNA. All blots were probed with Pyk2-cDNA. The integrity and relative abundance of RNA samples were determined by ethidium bromide staining of the filter (lower frame). https://scispace.com/papers/proliferation-and-differentiation-of-goat-bone-marrow-gjd4fiimud 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-immunohistochemistry-analysis-of-osteoblast-related-ta8ugfox.png Figure 9. Immunohistochemistry analysis of osteoblast related protein expression in GBMCs culture on poly(CLMA) scaffolds. Cultured cells expressed the extracellular matrix proteins: Type I collagen (Figures a and d for day 14 and 21, respectively) and osteocalcin (b and e for day 14 and 21, respectively). ALP activity was also detected (c and f at days 14 and 21, respectively). Figure 9(g–i) correspond to the type I collagen, osteocalcin, and ALP immunohistochemistry of GBMCs in poly(CLMA-co-HEA) (50/50). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sem-micrographs-of-poly-clma-scaffolds-seeded-with-28s0miop.png Figure 5. SEM micrographs of poly(CLMA) scaffolds seeded with GBMCs in day 21 with osteogenic media: scaffold transversal section. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sem-micrographic-of-poly-clma-co-hea-at-day-21-2ofr4odq.png Figure 6. SEM micrographic of poly(CLMA-co-HEA) at day 21. Figure 6(a–c) correspond to poly(CLMA-co-HEA) with (100/0), (70/ 30), and (50/50), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-viability-levels-of-gbmcs-on-poly-clma-co-hea-with-1jg0jycx.png Figure 8. Viability levels of GBMCs on poly(CLMA-co-HEA) with different compositions after 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in osteogenic media. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-dna-content-of-gbmcs-on-poly-clma-co-hea-with-gvwnii5v.png Figure 7. DNA content of GBMCs on poly(CLMA-co-HEA) with different compositions after 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in osteogenic media. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sem-micrographs-of-poly-clma-network-scaffold-at-2bykujsj.png Figure 1. SEM micrographs of poly(CLMA) network scaffold at different magnifications. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-l-ct-transversal-images-of-poly-clma-2j19b73u.png Figure 2. l-CT transversal images of poly(CLMA). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sem-micrographs-of-poly-clma-scaffolds-seeded-with-2b1zn1gq.png Figure 4. SEM micrographs of poly(CLMA) scaffolds seeded with GBMCs and culture for 28 days in osteogenic media: day 3 (a), day 7 (b), day 14 (c), day 21 (d), and day 28 (e). https://scispace.com/papers/proline-transport-inhibitors-trigger-differential-responses-5dcs5pqbd2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-intracellular-localization-of-compound-4-in-25j48n44.png Fig. 5. Intracellular localization of compound 4 in epimastigotes of T. cruzi (Dm28c). Epimastigotes were incubated during 30 min, at 28°C with 25 μM of 4. The uptake and intracellular distribution was assessed by confocal microscopy. A: differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. B: intracellular distribution of 4 following incubation with DAPI and 4. C: labelling with DAPI (blue). D: labelling with 4 (green). The results are representative of at least three independent experiments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-flow-cytometry-results-t-cruzi-epimastigotes-cl14-13wezht9.png Fig. 7. Flow cytometry results T. cruzi epimastigotes (CL14) treated with compounds 1-3. A, B: Compound 1 (IC50 = 39 µM, IC80 = 74 µM); C, D: Compound 2 (IC50 = 35 µM, IC80 = 54 µM); E, F: Compound 3 (IC50 = 49 µM, IC80 = 116 µM). Panels A, C, E [cmpd]= IC50; Panels B, D, F [cmpd]= IC80. The subtraction corresponding to the percentage of cell death obtained in each quadrant for the control has already been carried out https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-similarities-between-1-and-4-the-fluorescent-analogue-260wkmvc.png Fig. 4. Similarities between 1 and 4. The fluorescent analogue preserves the most important portion of 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-non-triazolic-l-proline-analogues-3k2fheb1.png Fig. 6. Non-triazolic L-proline analogues https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-the-proline-analogue-1-on-the-proliferation-1lccg0lt.png Fig. 2. Effect of the proline analogue 1 on the proliferation of the epimastigote form of T. cruzi TcI - TcVI. A: TcI (Sylvio); B: TcII (Y); C: TcIII (M6241); D: TcIV (Can III); E: TcV (92:80); F: doseresponse curves derived from the proliferation curves for each strain, when the parasites were in the mid-exponential growth phase. The time selected to perform the dose-response curves for each strain are marked in graphs A – E in a dashed grey line. Assays were performed in triplicate. The analogues tested were active against all DTUs with IC50 values ranging between 20 and 55 µM (Fig. 3). More specifically, for the 3 compounds under study, we observed that the strain belonging to TcV (92:80) was more susceptible. The strain belonging to TcIV was the most https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-l-proline-analogues-under-study-386l1b44.png Fig. 1. L-proline analogues under study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-farnesyl-triazoles-active-against-t-cruzi-2dogxd1m.png Fig. 9. Farnesyl triazoles active against T. cruzi https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-metabolic-change-determined-for-t-cruzi-epimastigotes-35pny5um.png Fig. 8. Metabolic change determined for T. cruzi epimastigotes treatment with 1, 2 and 3. All results are indicated as relative percentage, respect to the non-inhibited control. Significance level: * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001, compared to control. Metabolites analysed: A: Succinate; B: Acetate; C: Pyruvate; D: Lactate; E Ethanol; F: Alanine; G: Glycine. https://scispace.com/papers/prolisean-a-new-security-protocol-for-programmable-matter-5b1mmldmsa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-encryption-process-of-hight-31-1hukazbp.png Fig. 18. Encryption process of HIGHT [31] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-among-different-technologies-ci69386z.png Table 1. Comparison among different technologies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-functional-scheme-of-the-first-phase-of-version-2-1d36z48g.png Fig. 6. Functional scheme of the first phase of version 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-encrypted-communications-between-2-nanobots-2pu9v46q.png Fig. 7. Encrypted communications between 2 nanobots https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-six-different-ways-to-turn-a-block-cipher-to-a-hash-fm6pnh6a.png Fig. 19. Six different ways to turn a block cipher to a hash function [9]. M is the block of data to hash that has been divided into the parts noted mi ; hi is the result of a hash turn, h0 is a constant arbitrarily chosen and the central block is the encryption algorithm. The latter is used i times based on one of the models https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-using-the-heigh-algorithm-for-encryption-and-hashing-2pt4kk80.png Fig. 20. Using the HEIGH algorithm for encryption and hashing simultaneously https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-conflict-resolution-in-three-steps-against-a-3usl0d9l.png Fig. 10. Conflict resolution in three steps against a malicious robot (a) and with a friendly robot (b). Blue modules represent a friendly robot in movement. Red modules represent malicious modules. The desired new place of a module is depicted by dotted module and a dashed arrow. When messages are authenticated, they are represented by thick blue arrows or thick red arrows if otherwise. The blue Shields represent a secured interface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-self-assessment-of-the-4-proposed-protocols-through-3qts84h1.png Fig. 16. Self-assessment of the 4 proposed protocols through CEI criteria https://scispace.com/papers/proliferation-is-the-strongest-prognosticator-in-node-ye6lp4pkyy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-prognostic-value-of-proliferation-in-lymph-node-xe2xx90y.png Figure 8. The prognostic value of proliferation in lymph node-negative breast cancer patients is age dependent (from reference 5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-randomized-trial-design-for-tailorx-trial-assigning-2znaqc08.png Figure 4. Randomized trial design for TAILORx (Trial Assigning IndividuaLized Options for Treatment Rx, from reference 38). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-trends-for-age-standardized-incidence-rate-in-24tofx6n.png Figure 1. Time trends for age-standardized incidence rate in Norway for selected cancers in women (from reference 14). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-overall-disease-specific-survival-rates-in-the-x08n8gug.png Figure 6. The Overall (disease specific) survival rates in the prospective study of the Mammaprint® 70- gene signature (41) (left) and from the prospective MMMCP study of the Mitotic Activity Index, adapted from reference13 (right). Note the similarity in the survival rates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-the-real-deaths-of-metastatic-disease-in-node-3j34azh9.png Figure 7. a) The real deaths of metastatic disease in node-negative operable breast cancer patients (data of the prospective MMMCP study from reference 13). b) The number of patients classified as high risk by the Mitotic Activity Index, and c) the 70-gene signature mRNA Mammaprint® test (adapted from reference 41). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-adjuvant-chemotherapy-in-node-negative-breast-cancer-2rvjv3ex.png Table 1. Adjuvant chemotherapy in node negative breast cancer patients is significantly beneficial to patients with rapidly proliferating tumours but not to patients with slowly proliferating tumours (modified from Janssen et al (18)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-results-from-the-mmmcp-study-showing-that-lymph-18j3by72.png Figure 2. Results from the MMMCP study, showing that lymph node negative patients with high proliferation (MAI 10) have the same poor outcome as women with 1-3 positive lymph nodes (adapted from reference 13) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-randomized-trial-design-for-mindact-microarray-in-13nbwx6v.png Figure 5. Randomized trial design for MINDACT (Microarray In Node-negative and 1-3 positive lymph- node Disease may Avoid ChemoTherapy, from reference 42). https://scispace.com/papers/prolonged-cooling-with-phase-change-material-enhances-oso3cfmmdn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-muscle-soreness-for-the-control-and-pcm-groups-before-17v3w3j8.png Fig. 3 Muscle soreness for the control and PCM groups before and following bout 1 and bout 2. Soreness was reduced in the repeated bout versus the initial bout (#: P<0.001) and this effect was not different between treatments (bout x treatment x time P=0.302). However, magnitude of soreness was overall lower from PCM than control (treatment effect: P=0.044). Dollar symbol indicates significantly lower soreness over time in the PCM cooling group in bout 1 (treatment x time P=0.009). This difference was not evident for bout 2 (treatment x time P=0.061). Values are mean ± SD https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-protocol-for-one-bout-of-exercise-the-117k4ij3.png Fig. 1 Experimental Protocol for one bout of exercise. The protocol was repeated for bout two, with the exception that both treatment and control conditions received room temperature PCM following exercise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-percentage-change-in-maximal-isometric-voluntary-1d404p53.png Fig. 2 Percentage change in maximal isometric voluntary contraction for the control and PCM groups before and following bouts 1 and 2. Difference from baseline as calculated using baseline value for each corresponding bout. Consistent with a RBE, force production was greater in the repeated bout than in the initial bout, but this effect was different between treatments (#: bout x treatment x time P=0.008). Dollar symbol indicates significant attenuation of force production over time in the control group but not from PCM treatment in bout 1 (treatment x time P=0.005). This difference was not evident for bout 2 (treatment x time P=0.172). Asterisk denotes greater recovery of strength in the PCM cooling vs control group (P=0.009). Values are mean ± SD https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4a-plasma-creatine-kinase-activity-log-transformed-1fjfqz5a.png Fig. 4a) Plasma creatine kinase activity (log transformed) before and following bout 1 and bout 2. After the initial bout of exercise, CK was elevated above baseline on all 3 days (*: P<0.0001) but only on day 1 in the PCM treatment group and on day 1 and 2 after the repeated bout (*: P<0.0001), with no difference between groups. CK response was reduced in bout 2 versus bout 1 (#P<0.001) with no difference between groups. Values are mean ± SD. https://scispace.com/papers/prolonged-exposure-does-not-increase-soil-microbial-rc83sayxrv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-results-of-pairwise-permanova-analyses-between-x7b7dleo.png Table 1 The results of pairwise PERMANOVA analyses between the communities from ambient soil temperatures and the communities from increased soil temperatures, in the long-term warmed (LWG) and the short-term warmed (SWG) grassland. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-change-in-the-relative-abundance-of-the-total-21kgwyuw.png Figure 3 The change in the relative abundance (% of the total amount of sequences in a sample) of 327 Betaproteobacteria and fungal functional groups (AM fungi and filamentous saprotrophs) in the long-term warmed 328 grassland (LWG; left) and the short-term warmed grassland (SWG; right). Only the microbial groups that differed 329 significantly between different warming levels in both grasslands are shown. Warming levels: W [0 – ambient (+0°C 330 to +1C°), 1_low (+2°C to +3°C), 2_med (+3°C to +5°C), 3_high (+6°C to +9°C), 3_high’ (+7°C to +11°C), 4_extr (+15°C 331 to +19°C)]. Red box plots indicate warming levels where the relative abundance of a given microbial group was 332 significantly different from the relative abundance at ambient temperature based on post-hoc Tukey test. 333 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-top-nmds-ordination-plots-for-bacterial-community-2tl3n82c.png Figure 2 Top: NMDS ordination plots for: bacterial community composition in a) the long-term warmed grassland 295 (LWG) and b) the short-term warmed grassland (SWG); and fungal community composition in d) LWG and f) SWG. 296 Points (samples) and the corresponding polygons are coloured according to warming levels W [0 – ambient (+0°C 297 to +1C°), low (+2°C to +3°C), med (+3°C to +5°C), high (+6°C to +9°C), high’ (+7°C to +11°C), extr (+15°C to +19°C)]. 298 Isolines represent fitted smooth surface of continuous different warming intensities. 299 Bottom: Mean distances (based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity between the communities from each sample and the 300 ambient communities along the temperature gradient for c) bacterial comunities and f) fungal communities in 301 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-microbial-communities-exposed-to-increasing-32opim04.png Figure 1 Microbial communities exposed to increasing temperature elevations are expected to become 102 increasingly different from the ambient communities. However, natural and sampling variation, as well as a 103 possible delay in the response of soil environment (substrate, vegetation) are expected to dampen this effect in 104 the short-term and detectable effects of warming (where the community composition change surpasses the 105 variation within ambient communities) occurs at higher temperatures (T2) than after a long period of warming 106 where the soil environment is already significantly altered (T1). At very high temperature elevations, the curves for 107 short- and long-term response are expected to converge, given that severe warming should produce fast 108 responses. This model assumes the linear initial increase in dissimilarity between communities at increasing 109 temperatures, however, similar explanation is applicable to other types of response curves (e.g. exponential, 110 sigmoidal). 111 112 113 To test this hypothesis we took advantage of a “natural laboratory” afforded by a geothermal system in 114 south-western Iceland. This area contains gradients in soil temperature of varying age (Sigurdsson et al. 115 2016), providing a unique opportunity to simultaneously investigate short- and long-term effects of 116 https://scispace.com/papers/prolonged-in-vivo-retention-of-a-cathepsin-d-targeted-1u881e8oy3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-synthesis-of-the-different-cas-catd-targeted-3a-non-bcrrf90j.png Fig. 1. Synthesis of the different CAs. CatD Targeted (3a), Non-Targeted (3b), and Non-Penetrating (3c) conjugates used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fluorescent-signal-intensity-curve-characteristics-26znko8y.png Table 1 Fluorescent signal intensity curve characteristics (average± standard error; n= 6) in 12 months old 5XFAD and wild-type (WT) mice following different contrast agent (CA) injections https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fluorescent-signal-intensity-curve-characteristics-18ha3g6p.png Table 2 Fluorescent signal intensity curve characteristics (average± standard error; n= 6) in 5 months old 5XFAD and wild-type (WT) mice following injections of the Cathepsin D targeted contrast agent (CA) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ca-mechanistic-uptake-and-washout-average-optical-18p28i03.png Fig. 4. CA mechanistic uptake and washout. Average optical imaging signal measurements for 12-month-old WT mice injected with either the Non-Penetrating CA, Non-Targeted CA, or CatD Targeted CA. Data were normalized to the first post CA administration measurement (mean±SEM). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-uptake-and-washout-of-the-catd-targeted-ca-in-a-5xfad-zfvhgplk.png Fig. 3. Uptake and washout of the CatD targeted CA in a 5XFAD mouse. The NIR signal is collected over time from an ROI (white outline in A) with associated pseudo color bar indicating photons/second (A). The brain signal is then analyzed from an elliptical ROI (red outline in A; red data in B) drawn over the brain region and a control region closer to the neck (green outline in A; green data in B). Representative images of signal intensity are shown (left to right; I to IV) that correspond to epochs designated by the assigned letters on the NIR intensity curve (B). Analyzed variables include (some are indicated in B): the time delay from CA administration to washout (T0 ), the peak signal intensity (SImax ), the exponential signal decay coefficient for the duration of each scan (λTotal), the signal value at asymptote (plateauTotal ), the exponential signal decay coefficient for 1 h washout (λ1hr), the signal intensity at 1 h and 2 h after injection (SI1and SI2 respectively) and their associated signal decay rate (SI2hrs–SI1hrs ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-quantification-of-catd-specific-dab-staining-the-area-cqv1jhse.png Fig. 8. Quantification of CatD-specific DAB staining. The area covered by CatD staining shown in Fig. 7 was quantitated using ImageJ software (mean± standard error of the mean; n= 3). Significant differences are noted with an asterisk for p≤ 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-immunohistochemistry-of-catd-in-wt-and-5xfad-mice-at-4-10lak1mw.png Fig. 7. Immunohistochemistry of CatD in WT and 5XFAD mice at 4 and 12 months of age. Photomicrographs of the cortex in mice showing CatD staining (brown) with Hematoxylin counter staining of the nuclei (blue). Enlarged views (×2) show the vicinity near the black framed rectangles. CatD staining is present intracellularly (e.g., arrow heads) and in amyloid plaques (e.g., arrows). Scale bar 100 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-uptake-and-washout-in-12-month-old-wt-and-5xfad-mice-257g23kd.png Fig. 5. Uptake and washout in 12-month-old WT and 5XFAD mice following CA administration. Non-normalized data for twelve month old mice injected with CatD Targeted CA (A; 5XFAD in red, WT in blue), normalized shifted data for 12-month-old mice injected with CatD Targeted CA (B; 5XFAD in red, WT in blue), mice injected with Non-Targeted CA (C; 5XFAD in red, WT in blue), and mice injected with Non-Penetrating CA (D; 5XFAD in red, WT in blue) are shown. Data are the mean± standard error of fluorescent signal as a function of time (n= 6). https://scispace.com/papers/promiscuous-specialists-host-specificity-patterns-among-1jzol59314 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-specimens-included-in-the-dna-barcode-analysis-39boafbc.png Table 1. Specimens included in the DNA barcode analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-observed-and-expected-in-brackets-number-of-host-2bzulo20.png Table 4. Observed and expected (in brackets) number of host species breeding in cavities, on ground and openly on trees in three bird fly species. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-observed-and-expected-in-brackets-number-of-host-2kp9lbqf.png Table 5. Observed and expected (in brackets) number of host species based on migratory strategy in three bird fly species. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameter-estimates-and-p-values-of-the-model-e1i5y1lu.png Table 2. Parameter estimates and P-values of the model explaining abundances of bird flies in different bird species. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-observed-and-expected-in-brackets-number-of-host-2zave5xr.png Table 3. Observed and expected (in brackets) number of host species breeding in forest, open habitats and wetlands in three bird fly species. https://scispace.com/papers/promising-x-ray-fluorescence-tests-for-superconducting-22iukp86m2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-photograph-of-the-superconducting-tunnel-junction-x-1j4ik327.png Figure 1: Photograph of the superconducting tunnel junction x-ray detector. The STJ chip sits at 0.1 K the end of the 40-cm-long cold finger for insertion into a UHV sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-soft-x-ray-emission-spectra-at-als-beamline-4-1-2-3f9e56rn.png Figure 2: Soft x-ray emission spectra at ALS Beamline 4.1-2 of the metalloprotein hydrogenase containing about 480 ppm nickel and about 5800 ppm iron taken with the superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) detector (red curve) and for comparison a commercial 32-element germanium detector (blue curve). The nickel fluorescence is https://scispace.com/papers/promoting-a-collective-conscience-designing-a-resilient-4lrekh9y5q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-collective-conscience-development-through-cyclical-22ndpcb1.png Figure 1: Collective conscience development through cyclical design and multiple support points. https://scispace.com/papers/promoting-and-implementing-family-focused-interventions-for-1pojjfchvs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-identified-family-focused-2y2oceca.png Table 1. Comparison of identified family-focused interventions across key domains. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-primera-preparatory-stage-timeline-2q02qsjw.png Figure 2. PRIMERA preparatory stage timeline. https://scispace.com/papers/promoting-efficient-retail-payments-in-europe-4pme23cxj5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-paperless-payments-per-inhabitant-3f9bh946.png Figure 1 Number of paperless payments per inhabitant, Eurozone Austria https://scispace.com/papers/promoting-colorectal-cancer-screening-a-systematic-review-47esdw5b6p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prisma-flow-diagram-presenting-a-schematic-overview-3jrn8rt4.png Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram presenting a schematic overview of the selection process for interventions eligible for full review. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-health-interventions-on-crc-uptake-22f866g8.png Figure 3. Effect of health interventions on CRC uptake. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coded-behaviour-change-techniques-identified-in-the-j4xt2uq8.png Table 1. Coded behaviour change techniques identified in the reviewed studies that were included in the moderator analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continuous-sample-characteristic-moderator-analyses-3nvybyfd.png Table 2. Continuous sample characteristic moderator analyses on screening uptake. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-risk-of-bias-assessment-for-all-included-studies-3pi83kvx.png Figure 2. Risk of bias assessment for all included studies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-nature-of-behaviour-methodological-factors-and-28ml2szw.png Table 3. Nature of behaviour, methodological factors and intervention characteristics moderator analyses on screening uptake https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-behaviour-change-technique-moderator-analyses-on-10hz8inw.png Table 4. Behaviour change technique moderator analyses on screening uptake. https://scispace.com/papers/promoting-effective-help-seeking-behavior-through-4w5i4odgan 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-snapshot-from-the-instruction-3tzpyehy.png Figure 1 – A snapshot from the instruction. https://scispace.com/papers/promoting-sustainable-tourism-in-rural-and-natural-areas-4yh91zyqpm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-miranda-breed-donkeys-tourists-and-visitors-can-29y4f7lb.png Figure 5. Miranda breed donkeys. Tourists and visitors can interact with the donkeys (Source: Bárbara Fráguas). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cosmetic-line-made-of-donkey-milk-and-donkey-milk-2hs7zbaw.png Figure 6. Cosmetic line made of donkey milk and donkey milk soap coated with wool (as indicated with an arrow) (Source: TOMELO). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-international-douro-natural-park-river-douro-2u6xf0jt.png Figure 2. The International Douro Natural Park: River Douro canyon. (Source: José Jambas). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ronda-das-adegas-source-jose-jambas-2iqmncz2.png Figure 7. ‘Ronda das Adegas’ (Source: José Jambas). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-wildlife-photography-hide-source-jose-jambas-7n6wxr6d.png Figure 3. Wildlife photography hide (Source: José Jambas). https://scispace.com/papers/promoting-female-economic-inclusion-for-tax-performance-in-34h5nkdlgr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-female-economic-inclusion-and-total-taxes-3mprtpm1.png Table 1: Female economic inclusion and total taxes https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-female-economic-participation-and-resource-taxes-1v9uu31z.png Table 3: Female economic participation and resource taxes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-female-economic-participation-and-non-resource-taxes-34kc8vs4.png Table 2: Female economic participation and non-resource taxes https://scispace.com/papers/promoting-leadership-and-intrapersonal-competence-in-455zupl1yb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-views-of-the-program-participants-of-qh5mrpmn.png Table 1 Summary of the views of the program participants of the program (n = 188). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-correlation-coeffi-cients-among-the-variables-32b8wemo.png Table 6 Correlation coeffi cients among the variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-multiple-regression-analyses-predicting-program-2m831dlc.png Table 7 Multiple regression analyses predicting program effectiveness. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-means-standard-deviations-cronbach-s-a-and-mean-of-zskkxytl.png Table 5 Means, standard deviations, Cronbach ’ s α, and mean of inter-item correlations among the variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-perceived-effectiveness-of-the-program-by-the-a5qldaer.png Table 3 Perceived effectiveness of the program by the program participants (n = 189). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-views-of-the-teachers-implementing-3cu6eri6.png Table 2 Summary of the views of the teachers implementing the program (n = 189). https://scispace.com/papers/promoting-versatility-in-mentor-teachers-use-of-supervisory-534byqqqli 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-shifts-in-time-spent-on-giving-advice-all-the-1q1rnjhv.png Fig. 4. Shifts in time spent on ‘‘Giving advice’’. All the participants are shown on the horizontal axis. The vertical line denotes the amount of time spent by each participant on the intervention ‘‘Giving advice’’ and is given as a percentage of the total speaking time. The white squares denote the time spent before training and the black squares refer to after training. The length of the line indicates the changes in the time spent. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-shifts-in-total-time-spent-on-specific-supervisory-1mf31mtl.png Fig. 3. Shifts in total time spent on specific supervisory skills. The horizontal axis indicates the 15 supervisory skills distinguished in this study. The vertical axis denotes the time the whole group mentor teachers spent on distinct skills as a percentage of the total speaking time of the group mentor teachers. The left grey bar denotes the situation before training and the right black bar denotes the situation after training. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-shifts-in-frequency-of-use-of-specific-supervisory-3lg5500h.png Fig. 1. Shifts in frequency of use of specific supervisory skills. The horizontal axis indicates the 15 supervisory skills detailed in this study. The rest category includes interventions unable to be assessed. The vertical axis denotes the frequency of use of distinct supervisory skills as a percentage of the total number of interventions on group level. The grey bar denotes the frequency of use of the skills before training, while the black bar denotes this frequency after training. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-shifts-in-frequencies-of-asking-for-concreteness-all-2lzmn4zj.png Fig. 2. Shifts in frequencies of ‘‘Asking for concreteness’’. All the participants are shown on the horizontal axis. The vertical axis shows the frequency of the intervention ‘‘Asking for concreteness’’, calculated as a percentage of the total number of interventions used by one participant. The white squares denote the frequency of use before and the black squares refer to use after training. The length of the line indicates the changes in frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-shifts-in-speaking-time-and-frequency-of-turn-taking-na3uohm5.png Fig. 5. Shifts in speaking time and frequency of turn-taking before and after training. All the participants are shown on the horizontal axis. The vertical axis shows two changes. The black bars represent for each participant the changes in speaking time as a percentage of the total speaking time. The grey bars represent for each participant the changes in frequency of turn-taking as a percentage of the total number of turns. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frequencies-of-use-of-supervisory-skills-and-amount-2qy8xxeb.png Table 2 Frequencies of use of supervisory skills and amount of time spent on distinct supervisory skills, both before and after SMART training in absolute (abs.) and relative (%) numbers https://scispace.com/papers/promoting-volunteer-engagement-in-the-heritage-sector-1ui1u6ycbk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-activities-and-events-in-change-agenda-programmes-31l1hw6d.png Table 2 : Activities and events in change agenda programmes https://scispace.com/papers/promotion-relative-performance-information-and-the-peter-1wrslxgv4k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-non-promoted-workers-post-promotion-performance-wcwygwym.png Table 3: Non-promoted workers’ post-promotion performance (Tests of H4a) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-non-promoted-workers-response-to-promotion-decision-vzrxuxks.png Figure 4: Non-promoted workers’ response to promotion decision (Tests of H2) Panel A: Non-promoted workers’ deservingness judgments https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-workers-performance-after-promotion-announcement-f1wia3ay.png Table 1: Workers’ performance after promotion announcement (Tests of H1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-rpi-on-employers-profit-tests-of-rq1-ebk12lrh.png Figure 6: Effect of RPI on employers’ profit (Tests of RQ1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-promoted-workers-post-promotion-performance-tests-of-2dv6vaua.png Table 2: Promoted workers’ post-promotion performance (Tests of H3) Panel A: No RPI vs. RPI https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-rpi-on-employers-promotion-decision-tests-2fhxb8jt.png Figure 3: Effect of RPI on employers’ promotion decision (Tests of H2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-timeline-panel-a-timeline-of-key-2tus3vlm.png Figure 2: Experimental timeline Panel A: Timeline of key events https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-interaction-effect-of-rpi-and-employers-promotion-37l42u8h.png Figure 5: Interaction effect of RPI and employer’s promotion decision on non-promoted workers’ post-promotion performance (Tests of H4b) https://scispace.com/papers/pronunciation-modeling-for-asr-knowledge-based-and-data-3cwv8mz9rg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-for-the-baseline-lexicon-and-lexica-nb72cgfo.png Table 2 Results for the baseline lexicon and lexica generated using the linguistic approach, for the ICSI and Phicos systems https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-phonological-rules-and-context-for-application-qbs98h7t.png Table 1 Phonological rules and context for application. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-part-of-the-lattice-used-to-compute-the-32kwcidf.png Fig. 2. Example of part of the lattice used to compute the average confusion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-overlap-between-variants-generated-using-five-v4srua96.png Table 5 Overlap between variants generated using five phonological rules which truly occur in the training material and variants generated using phone recognition or variants generated by the D-trees https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-using-confusability-metric-to-remove-2av60uxq.png Table 4 Results of using confusability metric to remove variants from lexica for the ICSI system https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-for-lexica-generated-using-a-data-derived-3ue5izqr.png Table 3 Results for lexica generated using a data-derived approach, for the ICSI and Phicos systems https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cumulative-frequency-of-occurrence-as-a-function-of-1u75v4kv.png Fig. 1. Cumulative frequency of occurrence as a function of word frequency rank for the words in the VIOS training material. https://scispace.com/papers/proof-testing-strategies-induced-by-dangerous-detected-4s9xinepau 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-model-for-test-strategy-iii-1e3cobje.png Figure 5: Model for test strategy III https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-petri-net-model-for-test-strategy-i-with-predicates-1fqnr5q6.png Figure 3: Petri net model for test strategy I with predicates and assertions https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-test-numbers-in-ten-years-1wte7tlp.png Table 5: Average test numbers in ten years https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-model-for-test-strategy-ii-qtephb7s.png Figure 4: Model for test strategy II https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pfdavg-du-for-a-single-channel-with-different-dd-2k2wmclh.png Table 2: PFDavg(DU) for a single channel with different DD-failure rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pfdavg-du-for-a-single-channel-with-different-dd-5x7vofzr.png Table 4: PFDavg(DU) for a single channel with different DD-failure rates and with test strategy III https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pfd-for-test-strategies-ii-a-and-iii-b-as-a-3m9v81tt.png Figure 1: PFD for test strategies II (a) and III (b) as a function of time t, adopted from [12] https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pfdavg-du-for-a-single-channel-with-different-dd-2e2a9sow.png Table 3: PFDavg(DU) for a single channel with different DD-failure rates and with test strategy II https://scispace.com/papers/propagation-of-sector-specific-shocks-within-spain-and-other-2sjgbofz7u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-output-multipliers-for-spain-5uj5u9uc.png Table 1: Output multipliers for Spain. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-employment-multipliers-for-spain-1it2xqa1.png Table 2: Employment multipliers for Spain. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-value-added-multipliers-for-spain-2qknixil.png Table 3: Value added multipliers for Spain. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-6-multipliers-for-united-kingdom-full-list-2t1ogm2a.png Table A.6: Multipliers for United Kingdom — Full list https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ratio-of-value-added-to-output-3e5hnko7.png Figure 6: Ratio of value added to output. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-differences-in-output-multipliers-spain-versus-1i3tk9z7.png Figure 4: Differences in output multipliers — Spain versus other countries. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-multipliers-for-spain-full-list-25h24ktm.png Table A.2: Multipliers for Spain — Full list https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-domar-weights-across-countries-23porlr8.png Table A.1: Domar weights across countries https://scispace.com/papers/propensity-for-risk-taking-across-the-life-span-and-around-2i5npzgedq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-continued-on-next-page-2t3l8rb5.png Fig. 2. (continued on next page) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scatterplots-with-best-fitting-regression-lines-of-the-2k3ivpyx.png Fig. 3. Scatterplots (with best-fitting regression lines) of the relations between the hardship index and the country-specific (a) intercepts, (b) age-effect estimates, and (c) gender-effect estimates obtained from the mixed-effects regression model in which age and gender (but not hardship) were used to predict risk taking (Model 2). Values on the y-axes in (b) and (c) represent deviations from the mean estimate of the effects of age and gender, respectively. See Table 2 for explanations of the country codes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-world-map-showing-countries-for-which-data-on-the-ijwngx3f.png Fig. 1. World map showing countries for which data on the measure of propensity for risk taking were available from the World Values Survey. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-fixed-effects-coefficients-from-the-ddj1567h.png Table 1. Estimated Fixed-Effects Coefficients From the MixedEffects Regression Models of Propensity for Risk Taking Across the 77 Countries https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-density-plots-of-propensity-for-risk-taking-as-a-7duviz0a.png Fig. 2. (continued on next page) https://scispace.com/papers/proper-and-improper-zero-energy-modes-in-hartree-fock-theory-3uiykm73vt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-top-panel-dissociation-curves-of-h2-computed-at-the-3vqxliph.png FIG. 1. Top panel: Dissociation curves of H2 computed at the RHF and UHF level. Bottom panel: The lowest eigenvalue of the Hessian matrix as a function of H–H distance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-expectation-values-of-different-spin-components-sx-3r1k0d6d.png TABLE I. Expectation values of different spin components (Ŝx , Ŝy , and Ŝz), the type of the HF wave function, the number of the zero eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix (2p + i) as well as the RPA matrix (2p + 2i), and the number of proper (2p) and improper (i) modes for all the systems that we have tested. An entry of for a spin expectation value indicates a position-dependent real number. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-top-panel-dissociation-curves-of-the-o2-computed-at-be032kmn.png FIG. 4. Top panel: Dissociation curves of the O2 computed at the HF level. UHF singlet, triplet, and quintet solutions are shown. Bottom panel: The lowest eigenvalue of the Hessian matrix for UHF singlet, triplet, and quintet as a function of O–O distance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-top-panel-asymmetric-dissociation-curves-of-co2-bjuwjs4h.png FIG. 3. Top panel: Asymmetric dissociation curves of CO2 computed at the HF level. UHF singlet and triplet are shown. Bottom panel: The lowest eigenvalue of the Hessian matrix for UHF singlet and triplet at different distance of CO2 asymmetric dissociation. For small bond lengths, the UHF singlet (m = 0) is the RHF wave function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-top-panel-energy-versus-bond-angle-of-ch2-computed-at-1734hufy.png FIG. 2. Top panel: Energy versus bond angle of CH2 computed at the HF level. UHF singlet and triplet energies are shown. Bottom panel: The lowest eigenvalue of the Hessian matrix for UHF singlet and triplet at different bond angles. https://scispace.com/papers/proper-generalized-decomposition-applied-to-linear-acoustic-4xa5v7gtsn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-relative-error-emdxmth-17-for-dq-1-4-0-0001-and-2x0dh320.png Fig. 5. The relative error εMðXMÞ (17) for δq ¼ 0:0001 and qmax ¼ 8. Δω1 ¼ 2π 400 rad=s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-benchmark-l-shaped-acoustic-cavity-2ytkew90.png Fig. 1. Benchmark L-shaped acoustic cavity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-relative-error-emdxmth-17-for-different-dq-with-2odq1gga.png Fig. 4. The relative error εMðXMÞ (17) for different δq with qmax ¼1 (a) and for different qmax with δq ¼ 0 (b). Δω3 ¼ 2π 400 rad=s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-relative-error-emdxmth-17-for-different-dq-with-2ks4f1bu.png Fig. 3. The relative error εMðXMÞ (17) for different δq with qmax ¼1 (a) and for different qmax with δq ¼ 0 (b). Δω2 ¼ 2π 200 rad=s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-relative-error-emdxmth-17-for-different-dq-with-67r2ejwq.png Fig. 2. The relative error εMðXMÞ (17) for different δq with qmax ¼1 (a) and for different qmax with δq ¼ 0 (b). Δω1 ¼ 2π 100 rad=s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-of-the-approximate-and-reference-real-gjq1x2mj.png Fig. 10. Comparison of the approximate and reference real pressure fields for ω¼ω0 Δω3=2 (a), ω¼ω0 (b) and ω¼ω0þΔω3=2 (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-energy-of-the-solution-on-the-entire-domain-of-the-vo5yyel4.png Fig. 6. Energy of the solution on the entire domain of the various approximations with different expansion orders M. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-relative-error-emdxmth-17-for-the-second-numerical-2hao23qo.png Fig. 8. The relative error εMðXMÞ (17) for the second numerical example with Δω¼ 2π 250 rad=s and ω0 ¼ 2π 5275 rad=s. https://scispace.com/papers/proper-orthogonal-decomposition-and-low-dimensional-models-3dgzd2tc1r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-difference-between-the-numerical-solution-of-the-3jost867.png FIG. 12. The difference between the numerical solution of the 20-, 40-, 80-dimensional model and the solution of the Navier–Stokes equati This figure shows the time-integral of the absolute difference of the pro tion of the numerical solution of the Navier–Stokes equations, and tha the dynamical models, ons1 versus time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-projection-of-the-solution-on-the-first-24u7zwdi.png FIG. 13. The projection of the solution on the first eigenfunctions1 during one large-eddy turnover-time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-streaklines-of-one-period-of-the-periodic-solution-of-8or063er.png FIG. 22. Streaklines of one period of the periodic solution of the dimensional system atRe511,800. Solid lines indicate a clockwise rotatio and dashed lines indicate counter-clockwise rotation~compare Fig. 5!. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-some-characteristic-eigenvalues-of-the-pod-of-the-2d-j7rgmuyz.png TABLE I. Some characteristic eigenvalues of the POD of the 2D driv cavity at Re522,000. The right column shows the relative energy of t projection of the fluctuating velocity field on the firsti eigenfunctions~in the time average!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-convergence-of-the-first-six-eigenvalues-as-function-qhkrdnll.png FIG. 6. Convergence of the first six eigenvalues as function of the num of snapshots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-qualitative-bifurcation-diagram-of-the-80-dimensional-2zflh4fp.png FIG. 19. Qualitative bifurcation diagram of the 80-dimensional dynam system. Not all the bifurcations from the steady-state solution are show simplicity. Note that the horizontal axis is not linear. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-streaklines-of-the-unstable-eigenvector-of-the-80-2rt9k05t.png FIG. 17. Streaklines of the unstable eigenvector of the 80-dimensi model atRe57,819. The solid lines indicate a clockwise turning directi and the dotted lines indicate a counter-clockwise turning direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-vector-plots-of-the-eigenfunctionss1-s6-the-numbering-2riak74e.png FIG. 8. Vector plots of the eigenfunctionss1–s6. The numbering goes in reading order: the upper left picture showss1; the lower right one depicts s6. The eigenfunctions are normalized such that^s is i&V51. https://scispace.com/papers/proper-generalized-decomposition-based-dynamic-data-driven-41c340gw09 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-malfun-1pkk6sgo.png Fig. 10. Malfun https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-system-reconfiguration-by-adjusting-the-temperature-3b5iqvoq.png Fig. 12. System reconfiguration by adjusting the temperature of the first heating device. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-new-optimal-temperature-field-related-to-the-1un4064s.png Fig. 13. New optimal temperature field related to the reconfigured heating system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-location-of-the-thermocouples-p1-and-p2-whose-t6i1xqt8.png Fig. 5. Location of the thermocouples P1 and P2 whose measurements serve for controlling the process, identify malfunctioning devices and reconfigure the system after a breakdown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-identification-of-the-real-process-parameters-1zmnsb9y.png Fig. 11. Identification of the real process parameters, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-off-line-solution-of-a-general-enough-parametric-model-7v1la4bh.png Fig. 1. ‘‘Off-line’’ solution of a general enough parametric model and ‘‘on-line’’ particula wiki/Archivo:UPM-CeSViMa-SupercomputadorMagerit. jpg>. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-multidimensional-solution-particularized-for-the-3cxj6jfm.png Fig. 6. Multidimensional solution particularized for the optimal temperature after reconfiguring the system: u x; y; h 1; h est 2 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-thermal-process-consisting-of-two-heating-devices-5tx1mcnj.png Fig. 2. Thermal process consisting of two heating devices located on the die walls where the temperature is enforced to the values h1 and h2, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/properties-of-a-novel-hard-carbon-optimized-to-large-size-li-pizr3oz6gr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-3g72jxt7.png Fig 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-3ees6prt.png Fig 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-2dpyz6dl.png Fig 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-39970ll7.png Fig 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10b-1exk607f.png Fig 10b https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10a-305vemnr.png Fig 10b https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-37lwdarc.png Fig 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-w1404p1f.png Fig 2 https://scispace.com/papers/properties-of-beta-propeller-phytase-expressed-in-transgenic-36vnfdxq7h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-fkmfzv6s.png Figure 1 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-1ezxr9lp.png Figure 4 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-1vaytbn3.png Figure 2 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-21ui3gp0.png Figure 3 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-phytase-activity-in-the-leaves-of-tobacco-a3sp-4-3c2h64v5.png Table 1. Phytase activity in the leaves of Tobacco A3SP-4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-1xao2uro.png Figure 6 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-summary-of-the-purification-of-t168phya-from-3u4lokh4.png Table 2. A summary of the Purification of t168phyA from Tobacco A3SP-4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-biochemical-properties-of-t168phya-and-1h314whl.png Table 3. Comparison of biochemical properties of t168phyA and b168phyA. https://scispace.com/papers/properties-of-compostite-feedback-feedforward-pulse-wiv6rwuyfm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-scatter-plot-between-steady-state-gain-of-output-3sv3fqh1.png Figure 6: Scatter plot between steady state gain of output and controller proteins, for different composite motifs. The red asterisk denotes the value corresponding to the basal parameter set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-response-time-distributions-for-different-composite-17mbx7az.png Figure 7: Response time distributions for different composite motifs. µ and σ indicate the mean and standard deviation of the corresponding distributions. The dashed vertical red line denotes the value of gain for the basal parameter set. The few values exceeding 90×104 (<0.5%) in case of ANDp motifs, are not shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-peaking-propensity-for-different-composite-motifs-1yvnp6j1.png Figure 8: Peaking propensity for different composite motifs. Colour/pattern of bar fills denote different modes of regulation (rf: solid blue, rd: orange; 450 diagonal hatch; pf: yellow, −450 diagonal hatch and pd: green, horizontal hatch) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-peak-time-distributions-for-the-different-3851jwwd.png Figure 10: Peak time distributions for the different composite motifs. µ and σ indicate the mean and standard deviation of the corresponding distributions. The dashed vertical red line denotes the value of peak time for the basal parameter set, when it shows peak. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-overshoot-distributions-for-the-different-composite-fil5p9ar.png Figure 9: Overshoot distributions for the different composite motifs. µ and σ indicate the mean and standard deviation of the corresponding distributions. The dashed vertical red line denotes the value of overshoot for the basal parameter set, when it shows peak. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-the-f-and-d-functions-used-in-the-odes-1u26mb60.png Table 1: Details of the F and D functions used in the ODEs describing the mathematical model of the composite motifs (equations 6–9). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-the-metrics-defined-in-equations-1-311ijd3x.png Figure 3: Illustration of the metrics defined in Equations 1–5 on a dynamic response curve of output protein (po). Steady state gain is not shown in this illustration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-scatter-plots-between-peak-time-and-overshoot-for-32n6c5q6.png Figure 11: Scatter plots between peak time and overshoot for the composite motifs. Asterisks denote the values corresponding to the basal parameter set, when it shows peak. https://scispace.com/papers/properties-of-boundary-line-release-criteria-in-north-35d43926po 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-coefficients-of-variation-of-maximum-percent-growth-3bbd86qn.png Figure 3. Coefficients of variation of maximum percent-growth change values in 0.5 mm prior-growth classes. Three hundred resamplings were performed at each sample size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relationship-between-prior-growth-and-percent-3peis9pn.png Figure 4. Relationship between prior growth and percent growth change with respect to each 50 mm radius class (A, C, E) or 50 year age class (B, D, F) in three tree species. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-relationship-between-percent-crown-exposed-and-2g3me8gr.png Figure 6. (A) Relationship between percent crown exposed and percent growth change (as calculated using the Nowacki and Abrams 1997 formula) for Quercus prinus trees following a 1982 thinning treatment. (B) Relationship between percent crown exposed and the same percent growth-change values after expressing them as a percentage of the value predicted by the Quercus prinus boundary line. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-tolerance-rankings-and-boundary-line-equations-2pk1jnpa.png Table I. Tolerance rankings and boundary line equations, sample sizes, and understrory tolerance ratings for eleven North American tree species included in this study or Black and Abrams 2003 or 2004. The percentage of sites in which trees approach the boundary line is shown, as is the age and size at which each species fails to attain maximum release responses predicted by the prior-growth boundary line, also expressed as a percentage of the maximum size (% of max size) and maximum age (% of max age) observed for each species. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relationship-between-prior-growth-and-percent-1dq87mzs.png Figure 5. Relationship between prior growth and percent growth change for Pseudotsuga menziesii and Quercus alba sites. (A) Eastern portion of Quercus alba’s range include Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. (B) Western Quercus alba sites include Minnesota, Iowa, and Missouri. The species-specific boundary line is shown for both species. (C) Northwest Pseudotsuga menziesii sites are located in the Cascade Mountains or Washington, Oregon, and Canada. (D) Southwestern Pseudotsuga menziesii sites are located in Arizona, New Mexico, and Mexico. Each symbol represents a different site. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-boundary-lines-for-a-shade-tolerant-species-b-3n2ysh4m.png Figure 1. Boundary lines for (A) shade-tolerant species, (B) species of intermediate tolerance, and (C) shade-intolerant species. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-means-b-standard-deviations-and-c-the-28o2saeo.png Figure 2. (A) Means, (B) standard deviations, and (C) the coefficients of variation of maximum percent-growth change in 0.5 mm prior-growth classes for Tsuga canadensis. Three hundred resamplings were performed at each sample size. https://scispace.com/papers/properties-of-distortion-risk-measures-5fa42pr0zk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-original-and-g3-distorted-loss-probabilities-for-2kpua4fi.png Table 3 Original and g3-distorted loss probabilities for Portfolios A and B https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-original-and-cvara-distorted-loss-probabilities-for-3e1chjdg.png Table 1 Original and CVaRα-distorted loss probabilities for Portfolios A and B https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distortion-functions-2pkex91p.png Fig. 1 Distortion functions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-properties-of-the-distortion-risk-measures-1u82ahkl.png Table 4 Properties of the distortion risk measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-original-and-g1-distorted-loss-probabilities-for-c9ax69fk.png Table 2 Original and g1-distorted loss probabilities for Portfolios A and B https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distorted-normal-01-survival-functions-3gqu0hi0.png Fig. 2 Distorted normal(0,1) survival functions https://scispace.com/papers/properties-of-ho-2-radicals-induced-by-g-ray-irradiation-in-4uh8ytlpys 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-interstitial-ho2-concentrations-in-the-silica-2hiw56a7.png Table 4 Interstitial HO2• concentrations in the silica nanoparticles here studied after irradiations at doses of 50 kGy and 150 kGy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-correlation-graph-between-the-variation-of-iplrevised-apl4gm5z.png Fig. 11. Correlation graph between the variation of IPLrevised and the HO2• concentration in all the materials here studied. Both axes of the graph are shown in logarithmic scale to allow easier recognition of the linear dependence. The gray line represents the linear regression with fixed intercept through the origin. The dark gray line represents the expected trend with slope of 5.6 · 10-18. This value is the inverse of KAEOX50, obtained from the work of Kajihara et al. in ref. [8] (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-the-materials-utilized-the-materials-named-2izyikcj.png Table 1 List of the materials utilized. The materials named "SIG-" were supplied by Sigma Aldrich whereas the other materials were obtained from Evonik [27]. ND stays for not declared. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ho2-concentrations-and-variation-of-the-o2-2g2scty3.png Table 5 HO2• concentrations and variation of the O2 concentration in AEOX50 samples irradiater in air, in H2O and D2O. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-raman-pl-spectra-of-three-different-types-of-materials-1nmp4jl1.png Fig. 1. Raman/PL spectra of three different types of materials: AEOX50 (black line), AE200 (gray line) e AE380 (dark gray line). The arrows show the main bands of the spectra pointing out their names and Raman shifts. Spectra are normalized to the amplitude of the 800 cm-1 band. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-epr-spectra-of-ho2-in-the-samples-aeox50-black-line-2scocfcr.png Fig. 3. EPR spectra of HO2• in the samples AEOX50 (black line) and AE380 (gray line). Spectra are obtained at T = 77 K on irradiated samples at the dose of 150 kGy. Spectra are normalized to the peak-to-peak amplitude. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-normalized-raman-pl-spectra-of-aeox50-pristine-black-25dlliq7.png Fig. 2. Normalized Raman/PL spectra of AEOX50 pristine (black line) and O2 loaded (grey line). Themain difference we can see is in the PL intensity at 1538 cm-1 and it is due to the difference between the O2 concentration in the two samples. In the insert the magnification of the spectral region between 300 and 1200 cm-1 is shown. In the insert, the main bands of the spectra are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-normalized-raman-pl-spectra-obtained-from-the-bulk-w8z1gx53.png Fig. 4.Normalized Raman/PL spectra obtained from the bulk sample before (gray line) and after (black line) the irradiation at the dose of 10 kGy. Spectra are normalized to the amplitude of the 800 cm-1 band. https://scispace.com/papers/properties-of-dust-grains-in-planetary-nebulae-i-the-ionized-3vvaopi1lz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-pjd0jptk.png TABLE 8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1gs2syx6.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2brlh8og.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1a9ywmao.png TABLE 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-edetection-of-ne-vi-in-ngc-6445-20mds1ya.png FIG. 3.ÈDetection of [Ne VI] in NGC 6445 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-1vsbvnn8.png TABLE 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-eratio-of-the-o-iii-to-ha-n-ii-image-of-ngc-6445-3849394p.png FIG. 5.ÈRatio of the [O III] to Ha ] [N II] image of NGC 6445 (Schwarz et al. 1992). Dark regions indicate low excitation and are interpreted as regions near an ionization front or unilluminated regions that are currently recombining. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3econtinued-1i45368q.png TABLE 3ÈContinued https://scispace.com/papers/properties-of-jet-engine-combustion-particles-during-the-zqlxpj4lui 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-combustor-results-modern-cruise-conditions-2lw8mf9b.png Figure 4. Combustor results, modern cruise conditions. Influence of APA101 on monodisperse particles with low FSC fuel. Solid curves depict a polynomial fit with respect to all FSC/APA101 results. The gray curve in a) is repeated in b) for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-combustor-results-modern-cruise-conditions-volume-216wahhk.png Figure 3. Combustor results, modern cruise conditions. Volume shrinkage factor (d3/do 3) for monodisperse particles at thermodesorber temperatures: a) T = 120, and b) 300 C. Solid curves depict a polynomial fit with respect to mid/ high FSC results. The gray curve in a) is repeated in b) for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-dg-otherwise-same-as-for-figure-1-1jztykoe.png Figure 2. Comparison of dG, otherwise same as for Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summary-of-combustor-and-combustor-hes-results-160d0eod.png Figure 1. Summary of Combustor and Combustor-HES results. Comparison of EIN15 for a) Old and b) Modern conditions at the combustor exit (C) and HES stages (HES average, high, intermediate and low pressure = hp, ip, lp, respectively). Only single error bar (measurement variability; ±1 stdev.) shown for clarity. https://scispace.com/papers/properties-of-oxide-thin-films-and-their-adsorption-behavior-26ddxi1fdy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-27-top-view-of-two-feo-pt-111-model-structures-formed-2k1z06dy.png Fig. 3.27: Top view of two FeO/Pt(111) model structures formed by (A) the superposition of a (3×3) FeO and a (√13×√13) R14° Pt lattice and by (B) a (√7×√7) R19° FeO combined with a (3×3) Pt(111) unit cell. (C) Anti-ferromagnetic spin configurations tested for the FeO thin film: row-wise (left), zigzag (middle) and (√3×√3)R30° spin alignment (right). The latter one can be considered as the collinear analog of the 120°-Néel structure. Large red spheres depict the O atoms, small yellow and blue ones are Fe atoms with opposite spin orientation.166 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-18-experimental-and-calculated-topography-homo-shape-1aq6abj1.png Fig. 4.18: Experimental and calculated topography, HOMO shape and model structure for Au3 to Au7 chains on alumina /NiAl(110). All images are 5.0 × 5.0 nm2. The HOMO1 for the Au7 is shown in addition. Measured chain lengths are 9 Å, 12 Å, 15 Å and 22 Å; calculated distances between first and last chain atom amount to 5.3Å, 7.8Å, 10.5Å and 15.5Å. To compare theoretical and exp. lengths, 2-3 Å should be added to both sides of the chain to account for the diffusivity of the 1D orbitals.375 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-27-stm-images-of-a-au-and-c-pd-atoms-on-feo-pt-111-0-2sehizre.png Fig. 4.27: STM images of (A) Au and (C) Pd atoms on FeO/Pt(111) (0.25 V, 50 × 50 nm2). Arrows in (C) mark small Pd clusters. (B) Radial pair-distribution function for the Au and Pd adatoms on the FeO surface, calculated from hundreds of atom positions taken from different STM images. In contrast to Au, no ordering effect is observed for the Pd atoms.372 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1-sketch-of-an-oxide-thin-film-on-a-metal-support-12ezs7po.png Fig. 1.1: Sketch of an oxide thin film on a metal support, demonstrating important mechanisms and processes to be accounted for when describing the surface properties of the system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-30-a-structure-model-of-the-silica-thin-film-on-mo-112-31gf4sgf.png Fig. 4.30: (A) Structure model of the silica thin film on Mo(112), top-view and side-views.422 (B) STM topographic image of the oxide film (1.0 V, 10 × 10 nm2). The two arrows mark a domain boundary that runs from the left to the right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-8-a-stm-image-series-showing-the-gradual-oxidation-of-2d7rxdda.png Fig. 3.8: (A) STM image series showing the gradual oxidation of a Ni(111) single crystal upon dosing 0 to 20 Langmuir of oxygen.154 The formation of NiO is initiated at the metal step edges and slowly proceeds towards the terraces (50 × 50 nm2). (B) CoO islands grown on Au(111) (60×60 nm2). The spatial distribution of the oxide nuclei is given by the elbows of the Au herringbone reconstruction.198 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-5-atomically-resolved-stm-images-4-0-x-2-9-nm2-of-n8vpeuqf.png Fig. 3.5: Atomically resolved STM images (4.0 × 2.9 nm2) of three layers of the alumina/NiAl(110) film in comparison with a structure model taken from Ref.[31]. The Al ions at the interface form a network of heptagons and pentagons, which enables optimal overlap with the Ni atoms in the support. The hexagonal Ointer layer located above is not shown, because it cannot be resolved in the STM. The surface Als plane contains five-fold (marked by the zig-zag lines) and four-fold coordinated Al3+ species that can be distinguished due to the higher LDOS and brighter STM appearance of the former ones. The O2- ions in the surface O-plane are finally arranged in squares and triangles, depending on their binding geometry with the Als sitting below. A cut through the four oxide layers is shown in the bottom panel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-10-a-model-geometry-used-for-calculating-the-field-1hzctasd.png Fig. 2.10: (A) Model geometry used for calculating the field enhancement in the tip-sample gap. The enhancement factor is defined as the ratio between the induced near-field below the tip Eind and a driving far-field Einc. (B) Calculated enhancement factors for iridium spheres with three different radii R above a silver surface. The two electrodes are separated by 0.5 nm. The enhancement vanishes at 3.5 eV, when the gap mode localizes within the two electrodes. From [126]. (C) Dependence of the enhancement factor on the lateral distance from the tip-sample axis for two different vertical separations z, as calculated for an Ag-Ag contact.128 https://scispace.com/papers/properties-of-zinc-releasing-surfaces-for-clinical-563h3asjmg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-carbonation-with-co2thh2o-of-the-bioactive-glass-1t8jf668.png Figure 3. Carbonation with CO2þH2O of the bioactive glass HZ5 before (a), and after soaking for 6h in TRIS solution (b). Differential absorbance IR spectra, performed in situ on pure sample pellets, were obtained by subtracting from raw spectra the background spectrum of samples thermally treated at 573K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-representative-fluorescence-microphotographs-of-dvk42n5r.png Figure 9. Representative fluorescence microphotographs of Acridine Orange stained MC-3T3 osteoblast cells cultured 3 h (cell adhesion) on (A) H; (B) HZ5; (C) HZ10; (D) HZ20; (E) HP5; (F) HP5Z5; and (G) HP5Z10. Images at 25 magnification. https://scispace.com/figures/figures-6-8-12-and-13-appear-in-color-online-http-jba-33i2x5qk.png Figures 6–8, 12 and 13 appear in color online: http://jba.sagepub.com https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-phosphate-concentration-in-the-sbf-solution-as-a-2fxtiiom.png Figure 8. Phosphate concentration in the SBF solution as a function of glass soaking time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-xrd-patterns-for-hp5z10-powder-glass-after-15-30-1ni4p0ta.png Figure 7. XRD patterns for HP5Z10 powder glass after 15, 30. and 60d of SBF soaking. (# silica gel, * HA). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-focal-contact-formation-after-24-h-of-seeding-onto-2oqq8j0s.png Figure 12. Focal contact formation after 24 h of seeding onto bioactive glasses doped with different percentages of zinc: 0 (H), 5 (HZ5), 10 (HZ10), and 20 (HZ20) wt%. Arrows indicate vinculin labeling in presence of focal adhesion sites. (magnification 40 ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ha-detection-by-xrd-analysis-as-function-of-soaking-cbfzrzy7.png Table 1. HA detection by XRD analysis as function of soaking time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-xrd-patterns-for-hp5-powder-glass-after-15-30-and-1ev32ehp.png Figure 6. XRD patterns for HP5 powder glass after 15, 30, and 60d of SBF soaking. (# silica gel, * HA). https://scispace.com/papers/property-rights-and-intra-household-bargaining-a8cts7dob4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-trends-in-bargaining-outcomes-2spsh244.png Figure 1: Trends in Bargaining Outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-impact-of-property-rights-allowing-for-time-varying-38paomty.png Table 4: Impact of Property Rights Allowing for Time-Varying Effects of Observables https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-of-transferring-property-rights-on-the-1xeppei5.png Table 3: Effects of Transferring Property Rights on the Division of Chores and Consumption https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pre-reform-household-characteristics-by-gender-and-2xwe95v5.png Table 2: Pre-Reform Household Characteristics by Gender and Residence of the State Employee https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-individual-time-use-and-consumption-by-gender-1ubtd8e6.png Table 1: Individual Time Use and Consumption by Gender https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effects-of-property-rights-program-on-division-of-3925droz.png Table 5: Effects of Property Rights Program on Division of Income and Household Composition https://scispace.com/papers/property-rights-in-uk-uplands-and-the-implications-for-cucf9r7ils 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bundles-of-rights-vertical-axis-associated-with-k9t7yivo.png Table 1: bundles of rights (vertical axis) associated with different property rights holders (horizontal axis) (from Schlager and Ostrom, 1992) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-property-rights-vertical-axis-associated-with-x537xmpj.png Table 2: property rights (vertical axis) associated with different stakeholders (horizontal axis) in uplands https://scispace.com/papers/prophylactic-post-operative-high-flow-nasal-oxygen-versus-4cv125rsk7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-characteristics-at-baseline-370-bmi-body-3ubgww05.png Table 1. Patient characteristics at baseline 370 BMI – body mass index; CPAP – continuous positive airway pressure; COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NMB 371 – neuromuscular blocking drug; OSA – obstructive sleep apnoea. 372 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-association-between-bmi-and-deeli-au-arbitrary-3tmdulzm.png Figure 4. Association between BMI and ΔEELI. Au – arbitrary units. 398 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dyspnoea-scores-pain-scores-and-patient-outcomes-374-11947n5l.png Table 2. Dyspnoea scores, pain scores, and patient outcomes. 374 ICU – intensive care unit; LOS – length of stay; PPC – post-operative pulmonary complication. 375 https://scispace.com/papers/prophylactic-use-of-liposomal-amphotericin-b-in-preventing-45128b7rza 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-high-risk-patient-characteristics-separated-by-those-39qwq6aj.png Table 2. High-risk Patient Characteristics, Separated by Those Who Received Antifungal Prophylaxis and Those Who Did Not https://scispace.com/papers/proportion-of-deaths-in-hospital-in-european-countries-11ta5nui5x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-association-between-national-characteristics-and-the-3olz6fvh.png Table 2. Association between national characteristics and the proportion of people dying in hospital (2005-2017) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristic-of-30-european-countries-societal-zw2v5hmo.png Table 1. Characteristic of 30 European countries: societal factors, health system factors, and policy choices, 2005-2017 https://scispace.com/papers/propofol-attenuates-bv2-microglia-inflammation-via-nmda-2rh1y9surg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-lps-mediated-camk-ii-phosphorylation-and-ca2-2faymb0o.png Figure 4. LPS-mediated CaMK II phosphorylation and Ca2+ accumulation, and its modulation by propofol, KN93, MK801 and rapastinel. BV2 cells were treated with 1µg/ml LPS for 4h, followed by co-incubation with propofol, KN93, MK801 or propofol plus repastinel for the last 2h. (A) Equal amounts of proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with antibodies to NMDA R2B, CaMK II and p-CaMK II. (B) The protein expression ratio of NMDA R2B and β-actin. The ratio in the control group was set as 1. (C) The protein expression ratio of p-CaMK II and CaMK II. The ratio in the control group was set as 1. (D) propofol inhibited LPS-mediated Ca2+ accumulation, which was similar to MK801. Moreover, the effect of propofol could be counteracted by rapastinel. KN93 had no effect on cells Ca2+ concentration. (*P < 0.05 vs. control, #P < 0.05 vs. LPS treatment, ＆P < 0.05 vs. propofol treatment, n = 5. Data are shown as mean ± SD.) 209x250mm (300 x 300 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-propofol-inhibits-lps-induced-phosphorylation-of-119j2d3r.png Figure 3. Propofol inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of CaMK II and Ca2+ accumulation. BV2 cells were treated with 1µg/ml LPS for 4h, followed by co-incubation with different concentration (5, 25, 50, 100µM) of propofol for the last 2h. (A) Equal amounts of proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with antibodies to p-CaMK II and CaMK II. (B) The protein expression ratio of p-CaMK II and CaMK II. The ratio in the control group was set as 1. (C) propofol inhibited LPS-mediated Ca2+ accumulation in a concentration-depend manner. (*P < 0.05 vs. control, #P < 0.05 vs. LPS treatment, n = 5. Data are shown as mean ± SD.) 209x250mm (300 x 300 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-propofol-inhibits-lps-induced-phosphorylation-of-nf-37frh296.png Figure 2. Propofol inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB and ERK1/2. BV2 cells were treated with 1µg/ml LPS for 4h, followed by co-incubation with different concentration (5, 25, 50, 100µM) of propofol for the last 2h. (A) Equal amounts of proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with antibodies to p-NF-κB, p-ERK1/2 and ERK1/2. (B) The protein expression ratio of p-NF-κB and β-actin. The ratio in the control group was set as 1. (C) The protein expression ratio of p-ERK1/2 and ERK1/2. The ratio in the control group was set as 1. (*P < 0.05 vs. control, #P < 0.05 vs. LPS treatment, n = 5. Data are shown as mean ± SD.) 209x250mm (300 x 300 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-lps-induced-pro-inflammatory-cytokines-and-pro-1v4qqwk5.png Figure 6. LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory enzymes expression, and its modulation by propofol, KN93, MK801 and rapastinel. BV2 cells were treated with 1µg/ml LPS for 4h, followed by co-incubation with propofol, KN93, MK801 or propofol plus repastinel for the last 2h. (A-F) Propofol inhibited LPS-induced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory enzymes, which was similar to KN93 and MK801. Moreover, the effect of propofol could be counteracted by rapastinel. (*P < 0.05 vs. control, #P < 0.05 vs. LPS treatment, ＆P < 0.05 vs. propofol treatment, n = 5. Data are shown as mean ± SD.) 209x250mm (300 x 300 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-propofol-inhibits-lps-induced-pro-inflammatory-ve8oz0gq.png Figure 1. Propofol inhibits LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory enzymes expression. BV2 cells were treated with 1µg/ml LPS for 4h, followed by co-incubation with different https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-lps-mediated-erk1-2-and-nf-kb-phosphorylation-and-1pi0cw4v.png Figure 5. LPS-mediated ERK1/2 and NF-κB phosphorylation, and its modulation by propofol, KN93, MK801 and rapastinel. BV2 cells were treated with 1µg/ml LPS for 4h, followed by co-incubation with propofol, KN93, MK801 or propofol plus repastinel for the last 2h. (A) Equal amounts of proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with antibodies to p-NF-κB, p-ERK1/2 and ERK1/2. (B) The protein expression ratio of p-NF-κB and β-actin. The ratio in the control group was set as 1. (C) The protein expression ratio of p-ERK1/2 and ERK1/2. The ratio in the control group was set as 1. (*P < 0.05 vs. control, #P < 0.05 vs. LPS treatment, ＆P < 0.05 vs. propofol treatment, n = 5. Data are shown as mean ± SD.) 209x250mm (300 x 300 DPI) https://scispace.com/papers/proposal-to-construct-an-anti-proton-source-for-the-fermilab-1klccp9yqz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-electron-cooling-times-350-mev-e-pis-5m-cooling-20wreu0z.png Table 6 Electron Cooling Times (350 MeV/e pIS) (5m Cooling Length) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-3jdykb6g.png Fig 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parameters-of-the-momentum-cooling-2rvxvero.png Table 5 Parameters of the Momentum Cooling https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2a-2z5tn9ft.png Fig. 2a https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-main-parameters-of-the-cooling-ring-ase4hpdi.png Table 3 Main Parameters of the Cooling Ring https://scispace.com/figures/fig-ib-25ccnxf6.png Fig. Ib https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-3d1x0zay.png Table 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-p-focusing-front-end-29evf914.png Table 1 Parameters of the p Focusing Front End https://scispace.com/papers/proposed-magnetoelectrostatic-ring-trap-for-neutral-atoms-2qhu22731h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-schematic-of-the-magnetoelectrostatic-16f7pa2f.png FIG. 2. (Color online) (a) Schematic of the magnetoelectrostatic ring trap drawn to scale. The disk is 20mm in diameter, with a 1 mm wide lead connected via a central stem. The dotted lines show the hard drive atom mirror’s 2:1 etch pattern with a 3mm periodicity. (b) Cross section of the disk(with the vertical direction scaled up by a factor of 5), showing—from top to bottom—the disk, stem, lead, insulating layer, and etched hard drive. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-atomic-potential-for-cs-with-14-2-v-on-the-disk-a-1vtb4rqk.png FIG. 1. The atomic potential for Cs with 14.2 V on the disk.(a) A cross section of the atomic potential in the plane containing the axis of the disk. The contour lines are spaced 4 MHz apart. The distancer along a diameter of the disk and the distancez above the disk are plotted on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively.(b) The potential along slice no. 1 in(a). (c) The potential along slice no. 2 in (a). https://scispace.com/papers/proposing-a-trend-based-time-varying-approach-to-assess-12euh2nt5f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-performance-measures-of-the-vic-model-in-the-east-1hr7jlv8.png Table 4. Performance measures of the VIC model in the East (ERB), North (NRB) and West (WRB) river basins under the calibration and validation periods. BE, E and B are the normalized benchmark efficiency, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and bias, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentage-of-annual-maximum-streamflow-captured-by-1hai5074.png Table 3. Percentage (%) of annual maximum streamflow captured by the flood definition based on m days after the antecedent maximum n-day precipitation in the East River Basin (ERB; m = 8), North River Baisn (NRB; m = 12) and West River Basin (WRB; m = 25). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ranges-of-the-parameters-for-calibration-and-the-2n3iw26j.png Table 2. Ranges of the parameters for calibration and the selected optimal values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hydrological-characteristics-of-the-sub-basins-in-obssn57k.png Table 1. Hydrological characteristics of the sub-basins in the PRB. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-contribution-of-the-changing-climate-phc-and-human-11fkzu7h.png Table 5. Contribution (%) of the changing climate (φC) and human activities (φH) to the changes in seasonal streamflow and Flood/Mean based on the trend-based time-varying assessment. Underlined numbers indicate that the trends are significant. https://scispace.com/papers/proposed-design-of-a-josephson-diode-4fn5za9xy5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-length-of-mott-insulating-depletion-region-d-and-wuvi4emy.png FIG. 3. The length of Mott-insulating depletion region D and the Josephson coupling strength J as a function of the external voltage Vex (arbitrary unit for the vertical axis). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-sketch-of-the-junction-a-the-spatial-distribution-2u6iudqg.png FIG. 2. The sketch of the junction: (a) the spatial distribution of chemical potential before equilibrium is formed, (b) the Mottinsulating depletion region and charge distribution in equilibrium, (c) the potentials Vh and Vd for the holons and doublons across the junction, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-mean-field-phase-diagram-of-the-bose-hubbard-model-hx2z21d9.png FIG. 1. The mean-field phase diagram of the Bose-Hubbard model. The left (right) side of the junction corresponds to the states at point A(B). https://scispace.com/papers/proposing-an-ecological-transactional-framework-for-exercise-1etaxjz0uf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-ecological-transactional-framework-for-exercise-3hj344ds.png Figure 1. An Ecological-Transactional Framework for Exercise in Persons with Disability https://scispace.com/papers/propranolol-promotes-bone-formation-and-limits-resorption-6ek9m6avd9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-67e65v8d.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-14v56c4j.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-23qqrm53.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2kovlqcw.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1726xm5m.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-299dq2d0.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-12d2z1co.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/proprotein-convertase-subtilisin-kexin-9-inhibitors-in-3g5ybfqp8w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-subgroup-analyses-based-on-the-control-type-o6zxgzsk.png Figure 6. Subgroup analyses based on the control type. https://scispace.com/papers/prospecting-for-periods-with-lsst-low-mass-x-ray-binaries-as-40xgvcd206 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-total-number-of-observations-in-all-bands-made-2ibmrvgi.png Figure 3. Total number of observations in all bands made using the baseline2018a observing strategy, shown in ecliptic coordinates where zero RA corresponds to the black line in the plane of the y-axis and North=up, East=left. Image credit: http://astrolsst-01.astro.washington.edu:8080. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fraction-of-galactic-lmxbs-with-measurable-periods-g6q50jx0.png Table 2. Fraction of Galactic LMXBs with Measurable Periods as a function of LSST Observing Strategy. The fraction was combined with a total population estimate of 1040 to calculate the total number of systems expected with correctly recovered periods for each observing strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-fraction-of-the-simulated-parameter-space-for-a3vtg96j.png Table 1. The fraction of the simulated parameter space for which Porb was correctly recovered for each observing strategy, both for the individual LSST fields and the total, combined over all three Galactic Plane fields. The initials denote which cadence was used for that field; South Celestial Pole (SCP), Galactic Plane (GP) or Wide-Fast-Deep (WFD). The reddening is listed in magnitudes. The reddening and coordinates refer to the centre of the field. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-colour-maps-displaying-the-period-determination-of-dyxr214i.png Figure 4. Colour maps displaying the period determination of LMXBs possible in LSST field 630 with observing strategies astro_sim_01_1004, Minion_1020, baseline2018a and Minion_1016. Y axis denotes the orbital period in days, X axis the reddened r mag before adding contributions from ellipsoidal modulation, flaring and noise. The colour denotes the significance of the period detected. If the measured period differed from the actual period by more than 5%, then the significance was set to zero. The graph shows a bimodality in the significances of period determination as recovered periods that had low significance were often incorrect and manually set to zero. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-segment-of-a-mock-lmxb-lightcurve-using-r-band-240qxxrt.png Figure 1. Segment of a mock LMXB lightcurve using r band observations of LSST field 1304 with the astro_sim_1004_01 observing strategy. The continuous solid purple lightcurve represents the underlying ellipsoidal modulation; light blue includes the additional flaring and noise. Stars symbolise observations made by LSST in the r filter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-figure-depicting-the-positions-of-the-five-chosen-n9xjmd3m.png Figure 2. Figure depicting the positions of the five chosen LSST fields in the Galactic Plane, the key denotes their LSST field ID and Galactic reddening in magnitudes. (Milky Way image: NASA/JPL-Caltech, ESO, J. Hurt.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-figure-displaying-the-porb-recovery-significance-47hkitww.png Figure 5. Figure displaying the Porb recovery significance interpolation for the observing strategy Minion_1016 with prereddened r magnitudes shown in the key. Each point represents the Porb recovery for a Galactic LSST field, with the significance of recovery on the Y axis and the field’s extinction on the X axis. The line represents the corresponding extinction and Porb recovery significance for the twenty chosen, linearly spaced extinction values that are being interpolated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-porb-distribution-of-bhbs-generated-by-fitting-the-csngqtc5.png Figure 6. Porb distribution of BHBs, generated by fitting the logarithm of the BHB periods from the BlackCat catalogue (Corral-Santana et al. 2016). The probability is normalised to one. https://scispace.com/papers/prosodic-focus-marking-in-chinese-four-and-eight-year-olds-1p8h987f5f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-vowel-position-results-2kx8pfto.png Table 2. Summary of vowel position results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nearey-normalised-f2-x-f1-plots-in-v1-l-and-v2-r-2v2eo61z.png Figure 1: Nearey-normalised F2 x F1 plots in V1 (L) and V2 (R) conditions (upper: Burarra; middle: Gupapuyngu; lower: Warlpiri); axes in Nearey units. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-distribution-of-vowels-where-bur-burarra-gup-ljqk6uwn.png Table 1. The distribution of vowels where BUR = Burarra, GUP = Gupapuyngu, WAR = Warlpiri. https://scispace.com/papers/prospective-aid-and-indebtedness-relief-a-proposal-2z86bazghi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-estimate-of-cost-of-debt-cancellation-for-15t9h78d.png Table 3 (continued) : Estimate of cost of debt cancellation for HIPC and Non-HIPC Poor Countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-face-value-and-npv-of-eligible-debt-of-hipc-and-non-2u8uvwof.png Table 2 : Face Value and NPV of Eligible Debt of HIPC and Non-HIPC Poor Countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-debt-and-human-development-indicators-on-2djoq9y4.png Table 1 (continued) : DEBT and Human Development Indicators on HIPC and Non-HIPC Poor Countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-displays-the-list-as-well-as-some-relevant-data-for-2egh588n.png Table 1 (continued) : DEBT and Human Development Indicators on HIPC and Non-HIPC Poor Countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-estimate-of-cost-of-debt-cancellation-for-9qu18379.png Table 3 (continued) : Estimate of cost of debt cancellation for HIPC and Non-HIPC Poor Countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-shows-how-this-combined-sharing-rule-would-affect-1f4vaeft.png Table 5 shows how this combined sharing rule would affect the relative ODA contributions of the 23 countries43. If clearly appears that the G-7 countries will be called upon to shoulder the largest part of this new OECD aid effort (88.6 %), proportionally more than their GDP weight (85.9 %), but only slightly so. The EU-15 would contribute 34.7 % of the total, proportionally less than its GDP weight (38.5%). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-debt-and-human-development-indicators-on-hipc-and-2hh75yrl.png Table 1 (continued) : DEBT and Human Development Indicators on HIPC and Non-HIPC Poor Countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-continued-upfront-cancellation-of-eligible-debt-to-1rg4gz3r.png Table 4 (continued) Upfront Cancellation of Eligible Debt to achieve NPV of Total Debt of maximum 30% of GNP https://scispace.com/papers/prosody-productivity-and-word-structure-the-stod-pattern-of-4bbf1w360d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-stod-conditions-of-different-types-of-native-lexemes-uip1ro07.png Table 4. Stød-conditions of different types of native lexemes which are lexically specified with respect to stød in a way which has stød-consequences for their pronunciation in isolation. Columns with no filled cells are omitted here. Numbers refer to table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-stod-conditions-of-different-types-of-native-lexemes-3ah4axp3.png Table 3. Stød-conditions of different types of native lexemes, classified with respect to rhyme. Not lexically specified with respect to stød. Filled cells in all columns after ”Extra-prosodicity” are predicted by the model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-examples-of-phonetic-forms-where-stod-and-non-stod-3c6gqxp9.png Table 7. Examples of phonetic forms where stød and non-stød can be an aid to identify the grammatical structure for the addressee. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-aspects-of-the-representations-in-the-old-vs-new-8gicj5v3.png Table 2. Aspects of the representations in the old vs. new norm at different levels of four different monosyllables. The filling of all cells of the two last rows is predicted from the model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stressed-syllables-cross-classified-with-respect-to-2t90e06o.png Table 1. Stressed syllables cross-classified with respect to stød and vowel length. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-stod-conditions-of-different-types-of-native-lexemes-1r2mdr81.png Table 5. Stød-conditions of different types of native lexemes which are lexically specified with respect to stød in a way which does not have stød-consequences for their pronunciation in isolation, but only for morphological stød-alternations. Columns with no filled cells are omitted here. Numbers refer to table 3. https://scispace.com/papers/prospective-multicenter-randomized-phase-iii-study-of-weekly-3mg026rnzz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-characteristics-1ld618nk.png Table 1. Patient characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ttp-and-os-for-the-q3w-group-versus-the-q1w-group-mo-18yyud4l.png Fig. 1. TTP and OS for the q3w group versus the q1w group. mo = Months. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-efficacy-ttp-and-os-12axajo8.png Table 5. Efficacy: TTP and OS https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-toxicity-profile-per-patient-analysis-hematological-8dvl1qs6.png Table 2. Toxicity profile (per-patient analysis): hematological and nonhematological toxicity by NCI CTC grade https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-toxicity-profile-dose-modifications-3nj4xqy0.png Table 3. Toxicity profile: dose modifications https://scispace.com/papers/prospects-for-attracting-financial-resources-in-15x137unb4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-assessment-of-attractiveness-of-sovereign-bonds-as-a-30pj2ffc.png Table 2. Assessment of attractiveness of sovereign bonds as a form of RB fundraising https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-conditions-of-placement-of-rb-government-bonds-on-35zi2uj7.png Table 3. Conditions of placement of RB government bonds on international financial markets https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparative-analysis-of-international-stock-markets-vq14i6pg.png Table 4. Comparative analysis of international stock markets for placement of RB sovereign bonds* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2000-2010-2011-2012-102dl2sv.png Figure 2000 2010 2011 2012 https://scispace.com/papers/prospects-for-chemically-tagging-stars-in-the-galaxy-2lrb2qc9r0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-probability-of-position-of-a-star-after-evolving-3ebmde5n.png Figure 3. Probability of position of a star after evolving over 13 Gyr, assuming f 50%in situ = . The solid lines show the final positions, whereas the dashed lines show the corresponding initial positions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-the-three-model-variants-in-this-study-3eccsoia.png Table 4 Summary of the Three Model Variants in this Study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bottom-right-panel-evolution-of-cmf-high-mass-1p5gri20.png Figure 2. Bottom right panel: evolution of CMF high mass cutoff. The CMF evolves according to Escala & Larson (2008). The CMF cutoff is the main property that defines the quiescent, fiducial and optimistic models that we will discuss throughout this study. For example, the optimistic CMF allows the formation of larger clusters (M M10cluster 7~ ). We adopt an upper limit of M M10cluster https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-standardized-number-of-stars-in-each-cell-compared-1jcs1ou7.png Figure 6. Standardized number of stars in each cell compared to a Poisson distribution, where the mean of Poisson distribution is N N Nmean cells= and the standard https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-left-panel-local-s-n-in-chemical-cells-with-5s-more-2yjqy8yg.png Figure 7. Left panel: local S/N in chemical cells with 5s more stars than the average. The number of stars sampled from the dominant cluster is considered signal in each cell, whereas the rest are considered noise. The y-axis shows the probability of a detected group having a certain local S/N. The integral under each curve is one. We assume N 10cells 4= . In this case, most detectable groups have local S/N 1< , showing that at least half of the stars in the detectable groups are not from dominant clusters. The difference between N 105 = and 10 6 is small, illustrating that sampling more stars increases the number of stars per cell, but it does not change the S/N. Right panel: median of local S/N for different Ncells. We assume a fiducial CMF in this panel. Unlike N, increasing Ncells boosts the local S/N, and hence increases the chance of recovering individual clusters through chemical tagging. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distribution-of-the-number-of-stars-sampled-per-1sdj7fey.png Figure 5. Distribution of the number of stars sampled per cluster for M M(0.7 1.3) 10cluster 6= - ´ . The top panel shows the result for N 105 = and the bottom panel shows N 106 = . We assume R 3 kpcsurveyD = and f 50%in situ = . We separate the cluster population into two—the in situ and ex situ populations. The ex situ clusters have much smaller number of stars sampled per cluster compared to the in situ population, indicating that ex situ stars are mostly contaminants in chemical tagging. The red vertical line shows the 75 percentile of the combined results from in situ and ex situ clusters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-effects-of-various-survey-strategies-on-chemical-wj0h681h.png Table 5 The Effects of Various Survey Strategies on Chemical Tagging Detections https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-left-panel-total-number-of-cells-exceeding-5s-from-281mfp0u.png Figure 10. Left panel: total number of cells exceeding 5s from Poisson statistics as a function of the number of stars in the survey. We assume a fiducial CMF, with N 10cells 4= , R 3 kpcsurveyD = , and f 50%in situ = . Different lines in this panel show the results assuming a variety of subpopulation selections. The subpopulations are selected through the stellar age criteria of 0 Gyr> (the lowest line), 3> , 6> , 9> , and 12 Gyr> (the highest line), respectively. The corresponding sampling rates, fsub, for N 10 6 https://scispace.com/papers/prostaglandin-e2-is-a-selective-inducer-of-interleukin-12-19rhio5ape 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-combination-of-tnf-a-and-pge2-induces-il-12p40-1vo7yvql.png Figure 2. The combination of TNF a and PGE2 induces IL-12p40 gene expres - sion but fails to induce IL-12p35. DCs (3 3 105 cells in 2 mL) were stimulated for 6 hours with one of the following stimuli: TNFa (50ng/mL) and PGE2 (1026 M) or LPS (250 ng/mL) in the presence of IFNg (1000 U/mL), as indicated, and lyzed for mRNA extraction. The expression of p35, p40, and b2m was analyzed with RT-PCR (see “Materials and methods”). The data shown are from a representative experiment of 3 performed. https://scispace.com/papers/prostate-cancer-and-hedgehog-signalling-pathway-2knpkdwlva 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-simplified-model-of-hh-signalling-the-shh-receptor-wokatomq.png Fig. 1 A simplified model of Hh signalling. The Shh receptor, Patched (Ptch), is a 12- transmembrane protein with homology to the resistance, nodulation, division (RND) bacterial transporter family. Costal2 (Cos), Kinase Fused (Fu), Suppressor of Fused (SuFu) (microtubule associated complex). The active Shh signalling peptide is formed by an autoprocessing reaction that converts a 45-kDa protein into a 19-kDa signalling peptide that is doubly lipid modified, with palmitate and cholesterol moieties at its N and C termini, respectively https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-prostate-cancer-genetic-associations-and-the-hh-38m8rppv.png Fig. 4 Prostate cancer genetic associations and the Hh pathway. Adapted from Datta and Datta [59] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-prostate-originates-from-solid-epithelial-33gthg31.png Fig. 2. The prostate originates from solid epithelial outgrowths that emerge from the endodermal urogenital sinus below the developing bladder. The prostatic buds grow into the adjacent mesenchyme, lengthen to form ducts, arborise and canalise. Considerable cellular heterogeneity exists across the prostatic ductal epithelium. Signals derived from the developing prostatic stroma are believed to control the rate and fate of proliferating prostate epithelial cells https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mechanisms-by-which-the-hh-pathway-is-activated-cnrxmyea.png Table 2 Mechanisms by which the Hh pathway is activated: overexpression of Shh or Su(Fu) inactivation [28] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a1-the-initial-formation-of-prostate-buds-does-not-ilrkmqzi.png Fig. 3 A1 The initial formation of prostate buds does not require Shh signalling. 2 At prenatal prostate development, Shh promotes epithelial proliferation and ductal growth through Gli1 gen expression in the adjacent mesenchyme. 3 Later in prostate development, Shh appears to inhibit growth and induce differentiation of transit amplifying (TA) epithelial cells into postmitotic terminally differentiated (TD) luminal cells. B Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions driven by Shh. During normal prostate development Shh signalling is a paracrine event between the epithelium and the adjacent stroma https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-autocrine-and-paracrine-signalling-changes-in-hh-2x8oxsdx.png Fig. 5 Autocrine and paracrine signalling changes in Hh: during normal prostate development Shh signalling is a paracrine event between the epithelium and the adjacent stroma, while in prostate cancer tumours, Shh signalling appears to occur as an autocrine loop within cancerous epithelially derived cells. Adapted from Datta and Datta [59] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-role-of-shh-between-epithelial-mesenchymal-ou5rfty6.png Table 1. Role of Shh between epithelial–mesenchymal interactions [25] https://scispace.com/papers/prostatectomy-with-or-without-post-operative-radiotherapy-1wftc3y5yu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-epic-26-domain-summary-scores-changes-and-number-234fr8o1.png Table 2. a) EPIC-26: Domain Summary Scores, Changes, and number of Patients (#) with major Dysfunctions/Problems of one selected single Item per Domain https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-medical-and-sociodemographic-characteristics-bkfo3l1h.png Table 1. Medical and sociodemographic Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multivariable-regression-analyzes-with-prevalence-of-1wr41xlj.png Table 4. Multivariable regression Analyzes with Prevalence of impaired Physical (a) and Mental (b) Quality of Life being the outcome Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-patients-with-long-term-post-treatment-1vtloch4.png Table 3. Number of Patients (#) with long-term post-treatment major Dysfunctions/Problems as to the five selected EPIC-26 single Items https://scispace.com/papers/prosthetic-joint-infection-by-bordetella-holmesii-case-42kselvzvu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-ast-of-both-strain-of-b-holmesii-3jn1hfjb.png Table 1. Results of AST of both strain of B. holmesii identified in synovial fluid inoculated in blood cultures bottles; MIC minimum inhibitory concentration. https://scispace.com/papers/protected-area-policies-and-sustainable-tourism-influences-4oiwatw5nx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-influences-on-the-park-authoritys-policies-related-3pufa3zu.png Figure 1. Influences on the Park Authority’s policies related to sustainable tourism. https://scispace.com/papers/protecting-group-effects-on-the-efficiency-of-the-ruthenium-522ae5576j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-160maoqk.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/protecting-surface-and-buried-structures-from-tunnelling-5dwsnsohx4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-with-the-line-c-field-trial-left-1pp9i31d.png Figure 10. Comparison with the Line C field trial: (left) subsurface settlements for the proposed model and Vl,t = 0.385%; (right) numerical results from Losacco and Viggiani (2020). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-considered-problem-of-the-tunnel-barrier-3pas4dvm.png Figure 2. Considered problem of the tunnel-barrier interaction (TBI) and used notation. https://scispace.com/papers/protecting-mobile-food-diaries-from-getting-too-personal-47x5h7yb4j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ae-and-mt-nn-based-architecture-for-privacy-2jsol4xb.png Figure 2: AE and MT-NN based architecture for privacy preserving feature transformation. Output of the AE is directly mapped to the input of MT-NN. AE’s loss function is based on the losses of sensitive inference and application inference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mt-nn-after-ae-inference-accuracy-for-sensitive-3lb6kqrg.png Figure 3: MT-NN After AE Inference Accuracy for Sensitive Inferences in 6 Different Tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-envisaged-usage-scenarios-for-the-feature-2832kxkv.png Figure 1: Envisaged Usage Scenarios for the Feature Transformation Technique https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ch-dataset-accuracy-for-application-inferences-vs-3ovnc76d.png Table 4: CH-Dataset: Accuracy for Application Inferences vs. Gender Inference and Application Inferences vs. BMI Category Inference using MT-NN and RF, before and after feature transformation using the AE. Results use C+A feature group https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mx-dataset-accuracy-for-application-inferences-vs-3dtnvsf8.png Table 5: MX-Dataset: Accuracy for Application Inferences vs. Gender Inference and Application Inferences vs. BMI Category Inference using MT-NN and RF, before and after feature transformation using the AE. Results use C+A feature group https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-feature-groups-are-demographic-d-contextual-c-food-3e30hl24.png Table 1: Feature groups are Demographic (D), Contextual (C), Food Category (F), and Activity (A). Type describes whether the feature is categorical (CA) or numerical (NU), and if it is categorical, how many categories are represented by the feature. The total number of features are 18 and 44 in the CH and MX datasets, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gender-and-bmi-inference-accuracy-from-the-random-2352pvzl.png Table 2: Gender and BMI Inference accuracy from the random forest classifiers (RF) when using different feature groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-feature-importance-fi-for-the-top-five-features-10prdvmx.png Table 3: Feature Importance (FI) for the top-five features using RF for sensitive inferences with C+A feature group. GQS and MSL corresponds to google quick search and microsoft launcher, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/protection-by-wr-151327-against-late-effect-damage-from-bqmi8aa6y8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-wr-151327-on-life-shortening-caused-by-2kuq1khq.png Fig. 4. Effect of WR-151327 on life shortening caused by fissionspectrum neutrons in female mice between 850 and 1300 days following irradiation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-wr-151327-on-life-shortening-caused-by-3qhwcppc.png Fig. 3. Effect of WR-151327 on life shortening caused by fissionspectrum neutrons in male mice between 850 and 1300 days following irradiation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-wr-151327-on-life-shortening-caused-by-3vcip2wy.png Fig. 2. Effect of WR-151327 on life shortening caused by fissionspectrum neutrons in female mice between 300 and 850 days following irradiation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effect-of-wr-151327-on-life-shortening-caused-by-tipuhdu2.png Fig. 1. Effect of WR-151327 on life shortening caused by fissionspectrum neutrons in male mice between 300 and 850 days following irradiation. . https://scispace.com/papers/protection-of-headwater-catchments-from-future-degradation-3j1kugrdrn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-box-and-whisker-plot-of-no322-concentrations-yhfrml99.png FIGURE 3 A box and whisker plot of NO322 concentrations during the growing season. A one-way analysis of variance test shows that NO322 concentrations vary significantly with landscape type (P = 0.005; df = 4, 19). https://scispace.com/papers/protection-of-growth-and-photosynthesis-of-brassica-juncea-1hxh9fxzqs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effects-of-s-deprivation-on-the-contents-of-leaf-cys-1zmwkvya.png Fig. 3. Effects of S deprivation on the contents of leaf cys teine, glutathione, and sulfate in mustard grown at 0 or 1mM S in 30 days after sowing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effects-of-s-deprivation-on-activities-of-atp-sulfu-3lkxhi6b.png Fig. 2. Effects of S deprivation on activities of ATP sulfu rylase (ATP S), serine acetyltransferase (SAT), and glu tathione reductase (GR) in mustard plants grown at 0 or 1 mM S in 30 days after sowing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effects-of-s-deprivation-on-plant-dry-weight-leaf-area-pf5u862q.png Fig. 1. Effects of S deprivation on plant dry weight, leaf area (LA), net photosynthetic rate (PN), intracellular CO2 concentration (Ci), Fv/Fm ratio and Chl content in mustard plants grown at 0 or 1 mM S in 30 days after sowing. (1) Cv. Pusa Bold; (2) cv. Pusa Jai Kisan. https://scispace.com/papers/protection-of-olive-planting-stocks-against-parasitism-of-4z30i7casn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-plant-growth-of-olive-planting-stocks-cvs-arbequina-jfsrj1vt.png Table 3 Plant growth of olive planting stocks cvs Arbequina and Picual 7 months after inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus spp.) and 4 months after inoculation with Meloidogyne spp. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-plant-growth-of-olive-planting-stock-cv-arbequina-7-1zv0mx9x.png Table 4 Plant growth of olive planting stock cv. Arbequina 7 months after inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus spp.) and 4 or 7 months after inoculation with Meloidogyne spp. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reproduction-of-meloidogyne-spp-and-mycorrhizal-root-2e8n1wov.png Table 2 Reproduction of Meloidogyne spp. and mycorrhizal root colonization by Glomus spp., alone and in combination in olive cv. Arbequina planting stocks 7 and 10 months after inoculation with AMF and 4 and 7 months after inoculation with 15 000 eggs and J2s per plant https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reproduction-of-meloidogyne-spp-and-mycorrhizal-root-2jqxc9ol.png Table 1 Reproduction of Meloidogyne spp. and mycorrhizal root colonization by Glomus spp., alone and in combination in olive cvs Arbequina and Picual planting stocks 7 months after inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and 4 months after inoculation with the nematode https://scispace.com/papers/protection-usability-and-improvements-in-reflected-xss-56wrks24bd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-compatibility-comparison-2i5hdvnn.png Figure 5: Compatibility Comparison https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-xssauditor-failures-3htsxhy6.png Figure 4: XSSAuditor failures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-xssfilt-architecture-1ltsqdlr.png Figure 2: XSSFilt architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-for-xssed-and-cheatsheet-dataset-2z5kwfve.png Figure 3: Results for xssed and cheatsheet dataset https://scispace.com/papers/protection-performance-components-in-mpls-networks-4zihcbwodd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-backup-path-methods-taxonomy-2p1z0s7c.png Table 1 Backup path methods taxonomy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-network-topology-120lbbn9.png Fig. 3. Network topology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-main-fault-management-schemes-a-global-backup-b-2tjfqlxy.png Fig. 1. Main fault management schemes: (a) global backup, (b) reverse backup, (c) and (d) local backup. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-influence-of-the-network-load-in-protection-methods-24g4fv0j.png Table 6 Influence of the network load in protection methods with no resource reservation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-influence-of-failure-notification-distances-dddi-3qf8y5sq.png Table 4 Influence of failure notification distances ðDði; aÞÞ and traffic rates ðRÞ in packet loss (PL) and restoration time (RT) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-influence-of-failure-notification-distances-dddi-s9er016j.png Table 5 Influence of failure notification distances ðDði; aÞÞ and the propagation time (PT) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-resource-consumption-analysis-jft3jvtn.png Fig. 4. Resource consumption analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-failure-probability-analysis-34ctx2hq.png Fig. 5. Failure probability analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/protective-and-risk-factors-in-adjusting-to-the-covid-19-2x2f4rfiaj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-aspects-of-the-pandemic-regarding-prescribed-self-1hsci2lx.png FIGURE 3. Aspects of the pandemic regarding prescribed self-isolation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-aspects-of-the-pandemic-regarding-chronic-disease-1zb12uho.png FIGURE 2. Aspects of the pandemic regarding chronic disease history. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-risk-and-protective-factors-for-mental-health-during-1wr90hu7.png TABLE 1. Risk and protective factors for mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-of-pandemic-aspects-with-some-2ip0ddpl.png TABLE 3. Correlations of pandemic aspects with some demographic characteristics of the participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-socio-demographic-characteristics-of-the-sample-2xq597al.png TABLE 2. Socio-demographic characteristics of the sample https://scispace.com/papers/protective-actions-of-des-acylated-ghrelin-on-brain-injury-2s4f2i27ih 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-food-intake-prior-to-and-after-sham-or-2ku8f95h.png Table 1. Summary of food intake prior to and after sham or stroke surgery https://scispace.com/papers/protective-and-damaging-effects-of-stress-mediators-34e0m747fy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-allostasis-in-the-autonomic-nervous-system-and-the-hfnd6mh0.png Figure 2. Allostasis in the Autonomic Nervous System and the HPA Axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-stress-response-and-development-of-allostatic-3ibhw49u.png Figure 1. The Stress Response and Development of Allostatic Load. The perception of stress is influenced by one’s experiences, genetics, and behavior. When the brain perceives an experience as stressful, physiologic and behavioral responses are initiated, leading to allostasis and adaptation. Over time, allostatic load can accumulate, and the overexposure to mediators of neural, endocrine, and immune stress can have adverse effects on various organ systems, leading to disease. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-three-types-of-allostatic-load-the-top-panel-ajmo18xe.png Figure 3. Three Types of Allostatic Load. The top panel illustrates the normal allostatic response, in which a response is initiated by a stressor, sustained for an appropriate interval, and then turned off. The remaining panels illustrate four conditions that lead to allostatic load: repeated “hits” from multiple stressors; lack of adaptation; prolonged response due to delayed shutdown; and inadequate response that leads to compensatory hyperactivity of other mediators (e.g., inadequate secretion of glucocorticoids, resulting in increased concentrations of cytokines that are normally counterregulated by glucocorticoids). https://scispace.com/papers/protective-effect-of-alkaloids-from-amaranthus-viridis-linn-1c96pqx91w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-qualitative-analysis-of-alkaloids-from-the-sample-1etygail.png Table 1: Qualitative analysis of alkaloids from the sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-the-plant-extract-on-lipid-peroxidation-j5l244is.png Figure 1: Effect of the plant extract on Lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-vitamin-c-and-gsh-content-in-erythrocyte-groups-3u5femnz.png Figure 3: Vitamin C and GSH content in erythrocyte groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lipid-peroxidation-1t79t31r.png Table 2: Lipid peroxidation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-enzymic-antioxidant-activity-in-erythrocytes-2dnf5gmk.png Table 3: Enzymic antioxidant activity in erythrocytes. https://scispace.com/papers/protective-effect-of-bmscs-derived-exosomes-on-testicular-bbter9ld2g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3ibiimzl.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-16spg3pw.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-z6bj6oex.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1ntob8e5.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-r6cvzscx.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/papers/protective-effect-of-chitosan-on-acrylamide-formation-in-2ojz3dx2b1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-multifactor-anova-for-acrylamide-content-mg-kg-of-4ucxxave.png Table 1. Multifactor ANOVA for Acrylamide content (mg/Kg) of main effects and their 356 interactions in model systems. 357 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-influence-of-process-temperature-150-and-180oc-and-144fiw87.png Figure 3. Influence of process temperature (150 and 180ºC) and chitosan content (0, 0.5 and 1%) on 374 acrylamide formation (mg/Kg) in model systems. Error bars represent 95% LSD (Least significance 375 difference). 376 377 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-acrylamide-content-mean-and-standard-deviation-in-2pqucpu6.png Figure 4. Acrylamide content (mean and standard deviation) in fried batter systems with 0, 0.27 and 380 0.54% of chitosan at 2, 4 and 7 minutes. Homogeneous groups are represented by the same letter. 381 382 383 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-influence-of-the-type-of-reducing-sugars-tested-on-21ovm9cz.png Figure 2. Influence of the type of reducing sugars tested on acrylamide formation (mg/Kg) in model 370 systems. Error bars represent 95% LSD (Least significance difference). 371 372 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-inhibitory-effect-of-chitosan-mean-and-standard-241jg00o.png Figure 5. Inhibitory effect of chitosan (%) (mean and standard deviation (n=3)) on acrylamide 386 formation in model systems (after 5 minutes of reaction time) and fried batter systems (after 4 387 minutes of frying) at 180ºC. X-axis legend: (1) (2) asparagine-glucose and 0.5 or 1% of chitosan; (3) 388 (4) asparagine-fructose and 0.5 or 1% of chitosan; (5) (6) asparagine-glucose-fructose and 0.5 or 1% 389 of chitosan; (7) (8) fried batters with 0.27 or 0.54% of chitosan. Homogeneous groups are 390 represented by the same letter. 391 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-acrylamide-content-mg-kg-generated-in-model-3nvoykpo.png Figure 1. Average acrylamide content (mg/Kg) generated in model systems with 0, 0.5 and 1% of 365 chitosan, pH 4 at 150ºC (left) and 180ºC (right) after 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes of frying. (A) 366 asparagine-glucose; (B) asparagine-fructose; (C) asparagine-glucose-fructose. Error bars represent 367 standard deviations (n=3). Homogeneous groups are represented by the same letter. 368 https://scispace.com/papers/protective-efficacy-of-an-orf-virus-vector-encoding-the-144sspz6vf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-design-for-immunization-challenge-study-mr6qbeaa.png Table 1. Experimental design for immunization-challenge study 794 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-virus-isolation-from-the-nasal-swabs-796-1jc0qfof.png Table 2. Virus isolation from the nasal swabs 796 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-protective-efficacy-of-ov-ha-and-ov-ha-np-against-xpedkdmm.png Figure 6. Protective efficacy of OV-HA and OV-HA-NP against IAV-S challenge. (A) IAV-S viral RNA 771 shedding in the nasal swab was determined by RT-qPCR and expressed as log10 genome copy number 772 per milliliter. (B) IAV-S viral load in the lung determined by RT-qPCR and expressed as log10 genome 773 copy number per milliliter. Data represents group mean and error bars represent SEM. P-values: *P < 774 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. 775 https://scispace.com/papers/protein-directed-dynamic-combinatorial-chemistry-1qg22s0630 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-bifunctional-dcl-components-2yt7vte3.png Figure 3.5 Bifunctional DCL components https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-ph-dependence-of-hydrazone-formation-aldehyde-137-3ho6n6ze.png Figure 3.3 pH dependence of hydrazone formation. Aldehyde 137 (5 µL, 10 mM, DMSO), glutathione (69) (10 µL, 10 mM, aqueous) and hydrazide 141b (10 µL, 10 mM, DMSO) were added to a mixture of DMSO (185 µL) and ammonium acetate buffer (790 µL, 50 mM, pH 3.5). A similar sample was mixed at pH 8.5. All samples analysed by HPLC at 254 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-ic50-data-mm-assay-conditions-to-360-ml-well-were-va2mqkvk.png Table 2.2 IC50 data (μM). Assay conditions: To 360 μl well were added phosphate buffer (255 μl, 0.1 M, pH 6.8), GST (15 μl, 0.15 mg.ml-1) and inhibitor (15 μl, 0.2 to 200 μM). The solution was mixed well and after incubation at 25 °C for 5 min, CDNB (15 μl, 40 mM) and GSH (15 μl, 40 mM) were added quickly and mixed. Absorbance was measured at 340 nm, 25 °C for 5 min. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-6-aniline-catalysed-acyl-hydrazone-dcl-conditions-l5l9jeds.png Figure 2.6 Aniline-catalysed acyl hydrazone DCL. Conditions: Aldehyde (20 M), hydrazides (50 M each) in NH4OAc Buffer (50 mM, pH = 6.2) containing 15% DMSO. Library A is run in the absence of aniline while library B is run in the presence of aniline (10 mM). DCLs analysed by HPLC at 254 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-16-ms-data-of-tethered-complexes-data-a-shows-a-lcfdvhfq.png Figure 1.16 MS data of tethered complexes. Data A shows a tethering experiment between TS and 10 disulfides equilibrated for 1 hour. Data B illustrates tethering https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4-hydrazides-and-aldehydes-used-in-the-acyl-26mg1q5i.png Figure 1.4 Hydrazides and aldehydes used in the acyl hydrazone DCL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-12-cystine-dimer-components-for-calmodulin-dcl-and-han6i2pa.png Figure 1.12 Cystine dimer components for Calmodulin DCL and LC analysis of cystine DCL. Trace A shows the DCL templated with CaM while trace B shows the blank DCL. Dipeptides ce and cc are amplified (Reference 26) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-5-acyl-hydrazone-dcl-components-for-kinase-t18tj85b.png Figure 1.5 Acyl hydrazone DCL components for kinase inhibition https://scispace.com/papers/protein-manipulation-using-single-copies-of-short-peptide-2ti1fogf6m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2xqp98n3.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/papers/protein-kinase-d-increases-maximal-ca2-activated-tension-of-en0i0dngaw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pkd-increases-myofilament-ca2-sensitivity-and-maximal-3qvhyhjo.png Fig. 4. PKD increases myofilament Ca2 sensitivity and maximal tension of contraction. A: Western blot analysis of levels of p-MyBP-Ser315, p-troponin I (TnI), and p-myosin light chain-2 (MLC2) in mouse myofilaments incubated for 30 min with full-length active PKD. The blots show that PKD is capable of phosphorylation of all three proteins. Caveolin-3 is used as a loading control. B: the relationship between Ca2 -activated tension and intracellular Ca2 concentrations was measured in isolated, permeabilized cardiomyocytes at 2.0 m sarcomere length. The relationship was fitted with a modified Hill equation, and the pCa at which half of the maximal tension is developed (pCa50) was determined as an index of myofilament Ca2 sensitivity as described previously (5). Incubation of wild-type (WT) cardiomyocytes with full-length active PKD increased myofilament Ca2 sensitivity, which is indicated by the shift toward the left of the curve and the increase of pCa50. Also, incubation of WT cardiomyocytes with PKD increased maximal tension of contraction (Tmax), which is indicated by the upward shift of the curve. In cMyBP-C knockout (KO) cardiomyocytes, incubation with full-length active PKD still increased pCa50, whereas PKD was not able anymore to affect Tmax. C: -blocker treatment of WT mice did not interfere with PKD-induced cMyBP-C or MLC2 phosphorylation but prevented PKD-mediated TnI phosphorylation. D: in both WT and cMyBP-C KO cardiomyocytes from mice, pretreated with -blockers, the PKD-mediated effects on pCa50 and Tmax were abolished. Results are expressed as means SE, n 12 cells/group. *P 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cmybp-c-ser315-phosphorylation-is-independent-of-acute-1xsj88cn.png Fig. 5. cMyBP-C-Ser315 phosphorylation is independent of acute PKA activation or inhibition. A: Western blot analysis of phosphorylation of MyBP-Ser295 in mouse myofilaments incubated for 30 min with full-length active PKD from untreated or -blocker-pretreated mice. B: phosphorylation of cMyBP-C-Ser295, cMyBP-C-Ser315, and PKD-Ser916 was measured in rat cardiomyocytes after isoproterenol (ISO) or oligomycin stimulation in the absence or presence of 10 mol/l protein kinase inhibitor (PKI). The data shown are representative for three independent experiments. *P 0.05 vs. basal conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-representation-of-the-combined-pka-and-pkd-2n5iskzz.png Fig. 6. Schematic representation of the combined PKA and PKD action during increased contraction or exercise, needed to coordinate the contraction mechanics. A: a basal -adrenergic tone leads to the activation of PKA and regulates contraction by phosphorylation of sarcomeric proteins, such as cMyBP-C and TnI. B: stimuli, like electric field stimulation, will increase the contraction frequency of the cardiomyocytes. This increase will lead to phosphorylation of PKD and cMyBP-C-Ser315. To cope with increased contractile demands, PKD facilitates contraction by increasing the Ca2 sensitivity of contraction (pCa50) and by inducing cMyBP-C-Ser315 phosphorylation, which leads to an increase in Tmax. However, prior PKA activation of cMyBP-C-Ser295 is necessary for PKD-mediated cMyBP-C-Ser315 phosphorylation, so the combined action of both kinases is needed to come to a full deployment of contractile force. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-interaction-between-protein-kinase-d-pkd-and-cardiac-3m7ouh7u.png Fig. 1. Interaction between protein kinase D (PKD) and cardiac myosinbinding protein C (cMyBP-C) upon increased contraction. Isolated rat cardiomyocytes were electrical field stimulated (EFS) at 4 Hz for 6 min and were compared with nonstimulated cardiomyocytes. A: cMyBP-C-Ser315 becomes phosphorylated (p) during EFS. B: upon PKD immunoprecipitation (IP), cMyBP-C-Ser315 and PKD were detected by immunoblotting (IB) (35). Upon cMyBP-C IP, cMyBP-C and PKD were detected by immunoblotting (35). Results shown are representative for three independent experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pkd-ser916-a-and-cmybp-c-ser315-b-phosphorylation-2vsoekeg.png Fig. 3. PKD-Ser916 (A) and cMyBP-C-Ser315 (B) phosphorylation increases upon increased contraction frequency. Isolated rat cardiomyocytes were electrically stimulated at 1, 2, and 4 Hz for 6 min and were compared with quiescent cells. Samples were probed against phospho-PKD-Ser916 and phospho-cMyBP-C-Ser315 and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, loading control). Values are expressed as multiple of control. Results are representative of 3 independent experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effects-of-protein-kinase-c-pkd-inhibitors-on-cmybp-c-tu38ii4k.png Fig. 2. Effects of protein kinase C/PKD inhibitors on cMyBP-C phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes. Isolated rat cardiomyocytes were preincubated for 15 min at 37°C with or without addition of 1 mol/l staurosporine (Stau), 2 mol/l calphostin-C (20), or 10 mol/L Gö6983. Subsequently, cardiomyocytes were electric field stimulated or treated with 5 mol/l oligomycin. Samples were immunoblotted for Ser315 phosphorylation of cMyBP-C and caveolin 3 (Cav3) (loading control). The blots shown are representative for three independent experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/protein-kinases-mediate-anti-inflammatory-effects-of-25mntj7zgt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-steady-state-fast-inactivation-3lkcgbmw.png TABLE 2 | Steady-state fast inactivation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-time-constants-for-the-recovery-from-fast-14aox7aw.png TABLE 3 | Time constants for the recovery from fast inactivation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-persistent-current-3653kak6.png TABLE 4 | Persistent current. https://scispace.com/papers/protein-features-as-determinants-of-wild-type-glycoside-8mwcqaulsk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-psi-blast-seed-sequences-for-catalytic-domain-148chac5.png Table 1. PSI-BLAST seed sequences for catalytic domain identification. PDB entries are listed with their 4-letter PDB ID and the remaining IDs correspond to Uniprot entries. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-temperature-distribution-and-diversity-of-34nf45pi.png Figure 1. Temperature distribution and diversity of characterized sequences. (a) Family-specific summary of experimentally determined melting temperatures. The 1st and 3rd quartile outline the colored range, and whiskers extend 1.5 times the interquartile range. The number of characterized enzymes per family was: 141 for GH5, 99 for GH6, 108 for GH7, 87 for GH10, 61 for GH11, 55 for GH43 and 72 for AA9 (formerly known as GH61). (b) Phylogenetic tree of GH5 sequences (n = 2095). Clade and leaf background color indicate the taxonomic origin in terms of kingdom https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-thermostability-prediction-performance-benchmark-of-1km2mss5.png Figure 4. Thermostability prediction performance benchmark of ThermoP and a sequence similarity based method. (A) Cross-validated ThermoP performance (blue) compared to all-versus-all BLAST-based melting temperature assignment (green). A larger Perason’s correlation coefficient indicates a better prediction performance. (B) Mean absolute prediction error of the ThermoP and BLAST methods binned according to sequence similarity between each sequence in the data set and its nearest https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-structural-alignment-of-the-two-gh5-enzymes-with-1jfpsn54.png Figure 3. Structural alignment of the two GH5 enzymes with most (9 of 14) and least (0 of 13) phenylalanine residues in β-strand (∆Tm = 16°C). The β-barrel of the TIMbarrel fold is highlighted in the structure homology model of the most stable enzyme where Phe residues in β-strand are colored orange and remaining Phe residues are colored red. The phenylalanines of the least stable enzyme are colored cyan. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-psi-blast-seed-sequences-for-catalytic-domain-2s9yvuny.png Table 1. PSI-BLAST seed sequences for catalytic domain identification. PDB entries are listed with their 4-letter PDB ID and the remaining IDs correspond to Uniprot entries. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-descriptive-protein-feature-correlation-with-enzyme-v3p6vl5o.png Figure 2. Descriptive protein feature correlation with enzyme melting temperature. Family-specific descriptive features ranked according to correlation with enzyme melting temperature and sorted by Pearson correlations (PCC). Features marked in red showed a direct correlation with melting temperature, whereas those marked in yellow were anti-correlated. Features also among the top 10 by the neural networks (ANN) for prediction of melting temperature are marked. The complete feature ranking is available in the supplement (Figure S5). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sequence-partitions-used-for-the-cross-validated-2baz3k6l.png Table 4. Sequence partitions used for the cross-validated predictive modeling of enzyme melting temperature. Sequences were partitioned such that two sequences from different partitions share a maximum of 80% sequence identity on a per family basis. Within the same partition, two sequences can share more than 80% sequence identity. For GH5, only 130 of 141 characterized enzymes were successfully structure homology modeled. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-catalytic-domain-sequences-used-for-phylogenetics-21rq5k81.png Table 2. Catalytic domain sequences used for phylogenetics. Sequences obtained from CAZy and sequences characterized in this work were clustered using UCLUST. https://scispace.com/papers/protein-mimetic-amyloid-inhibitor-potently-abrogates-cancer-26bw2nrgmn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-transcriptome-analysis-of-oligopyridylamide-treated-25vfzjvy.png Figure 6. Transcriptome analysis of oligopyridylamide-treated MIA PaCa-2 cells. (a) A variance-stabilized transformation (VST) metric heatmap showing expression patterns of DEGs identified based on statistical significance of P-adj < 0.05 from the ADH-6 treatment group relative to vehicle-treated controls (C), denoted ADH-6/C. In addition to the ADH-6 treatment group and C, the ADH-1 treatment group was also included. The adjacent legend indicates the scale of expression based on VST count with red signifying upregulation, and blue downregulation, in the ADH-6 group relative to controls. (b) Gene ontology (GO) analysis of ADH-6/C (P-adj < 0.05) showing biological https://scispace.com/papers/protein-protein-and-peptide-protein-docking-and-refinement-1rzmw8slkl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predicted-structural-models-top1-and-top2-for-1q136ibc.png Figure 2 Predicted structural models (top1 and top2) for target 66 (docked peptide in red, receptor as grey surface) superimposed on the native structure (PDB 4NL8, bound peptide in black). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-peptide-protein-docking-model-for-target-60-docked-2c50n2gt.png Figure 1 Peptide-protein docking model for target 60 (docked peptide indicated as red sticks, importinα receptor shown as grey surface) superimposed on the native structure (PDB 3ZIN, bound peptide in black). Peptide binding to importin-α was modeled using a combination of homology modeling and molecular dynamics refinement. For this target, and related targets 62-64, several three-star quality models were submitted https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-best-model-top-3-for-target-95-superimposed-on-the-3va1vpgp.png Figure 3 Best model (top 3) for target 95 superimposed on the native structure (PDB 4R8P, black). PRC1 binds to the nucleosome at the histone acidic patch. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-for-attract-predictions-in-capri-rounds-28-3ni2f9vk.png Table 1 Results for ATTRACT predictions in CAPRI rounds 28-36. https://scispace.com/papers/protein-protein-docking-with-haddock-2ga1e1ptf8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-32-3-screenshots-of-the-guru-web-interface-for-the-362lzt2s.png Fig. 32.3 Screenshots of the guru web interface for the preparation of the docking between E2A and HPr. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-32-1-experimental-measurement-of-the-rdc-pre-and-pcs-2vccbbit.png Fig. 32.1 Experimental measurement of the RDC, PRE, and PCS paramagnetic effects with two 15N–1H HSQC one-dimensional undecoupled spectra. The figure shows the diamagnetic and paramagnetic antiphase 1H doublets. RDC is measured as the difference in line splitting. PRE can be determined from the differential line broadening. PCS is measured as the chemical shift difference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-32-2-flow-diagram-of-a-haddock-run-1e0szeet.png Fig. 32.2 Flow diagram of a HADDOCK run. https://scispace.com/figures/table-32-1-list-of-experimental-data-that-haddock-supports-f1tgm4l4.png Table 32.1 List of experimental data that HADDOCK supports (or soon will), together with the advantages and disadvantages of each type of data, and some remarks. https://scispace.com/papers/protein-self-assembly-and-lipid-binding-in-the-folding-of-4yvzef5qpl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-thermal-unfolding-of-kcsa-reversibility-of-the-2mnbvkbu.png FIGURE 4: Thermal unfolding of KcsA. Reversibility of the coupled dissociation and unfolding of the tetrameric KcsA was assayed for the protein solubilized in (A) plain detergent micelles and in (B) mixed micelles of DDM and DOPE/DOPG (7:3). Thermal unfolding of the following samples was studied: tetrameric KcsA in 16% TFE (0), unfolded and monomeric KcsA in 35% TFE (O), and KcsA samples that were first unfolded in 35% TFE and subsequently diluted to 16% TFE (4) to assess the degree of refolding. Final KcsA concentration was 1.3µM in all cases, and the lipid concentration was 25µM. The fluorescence intensity is given in arbitrary units. The use of 16% TFE is particularly suited for these experiments, as it reduces the observed thermal midpoint to more amenable values (e.g., in the absence of TFE the midpoint is near 100 °C) without causing dissociation of the tetramer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-unfolding-and-refolding-of-kcsa-in-mixed-micelles-n67ni6sd.png FIGURE 3: Unfolding and refolding of KcsA in mixed micelles. Samples of KcsA in mixed micelles composed of DDM (5 mM) and DOPE/DOPG (50µM), were incubated with different TFE concentrations and the fluorescence spectra were recorded. (A) Fluorescence intensity-weighted average emission wavelength,〈λ〉, at increasing TFE concentrations. The line corresponds to the fitting to eq 3, according to ref18. KcsA concentration was 2.5µM. (B) The emission spectra of KcsA in the presence of 10% TFE (v/v) (folded KcsA, solid line) and 30% TFE (v/v) (unfolded KcsA, dotted line) are shown. Also, the spectrum of a KcsA sample first treated with 30% TFE and then diluted 3-fold in buffer to allow refolding is depicted (dashed line). The spectra have been normalized to the intensity maxima in order to facilitate spectral shape comparison. The spectrum of KcsA in the absence of TFE was very similar to that obtained at 10% TFE (v/v) and is not shown here for the sake of clarity. (C) TFE-unfolding titration of refolded KcsA. Samples of KcsA first treated with 30% TFE (v/v) and then diluted with buffer to reduce the denaturant concentration to 5% (v/v) were used in these experiments. The results (O) are compared with those obtained for a TFE titration of native KcsA samples under otherwise identical conditions (b). KcsA concentration was 0.4 µM. Buffer was 20 mM HEPES and 100 mM KCl, pH 7. Excitation wavelength was 280 nm and the temperature was 25 °C. Noncorrected spectra for the experiments in panels A and C were obtained on different spectrofluorometers (SLM Aminco 8000 and Varian Cary Eclipse, respectively), which accounts for the observed differences in the〈λ〉 values. Fitting of the curve in panel A, performed with different slopes in the unfolded plateau, is provided as Supporting Information. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-differential-sedimentation-coefficient-1bq7nys5.png FIGURE 6: Differential sedimentation coefficient distributions of KcsA in the presence of TFE. (Upper row) KcsA solubilized in DDM, in the presence of (A) 0%, (B) 6%, (C) 12%, and (D) 18% TFE (v/v). (Lower row) KcsA solubilized in mixed micelles of DDM and DOPE/ DOPG (7:3) in the presence of (E) 0%, (F) 6%, (G) 12%, and (H) 18% TFE (v/v). The indicatedS20,w values were obtained after viscosity and density corrections (see Materials and Methods). The insets in panels A and E zoom on the higher sedimentation coefficient components of these samples. The DDM concentration was 5 mM, and in the mixed micelles samples, a lipid to protein ratio of 23:1 was used. The confidence level (F-ratio) employed in the sedimentation coefficient distribution analysis was higher than that used previously (7), in order to increase the reliability of the results. This made bands accounting for a low percentage of the total signal appear flattened. The temperature was 20°C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sds-page-analysis-of-kcsa-cluster-reassembly-lane-1-2i2b3zee.png FIGURE 7: SDS-PAGE analysis of KcsA cluster reassembly. Lane 1: Control DDM-solubilized KcsA (23µM). The more intense band corresponds to the KcsA tetramer. Lane 2: DDM-solubilized KcsA in the presence of 37% TFE (v/v), which causes all bands to disappear. Lane 3: KcsA samples first treated as in lane 2 and then diluted 2-fold in DDM buffer, partially evaporated under vacuum, and diluted with water to reduce the TFE final concentration below 5% (v/v). Polyacrylamide gels (10%) were used in these experiments. The positions of protein size markers (in kilodaltons) are shown on the left. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sds-page-analysis-of-kcsa-tetramerization-a-lane-1-1dvdm7ri.png FIGURE 1: SDS-PAGE analysis of KcsA tetramerization. (A) Lane 1: Control DDM-solubilized KcsA; at the protein concentration used in these experiments (2.5µM), the characteristic KcsA tetramer (T) is the only significant band to be seen in the gels upon Coomassie staining. The intensity of this control tetrameric band is essentially identical to that in the presence of TFE concentrations up to 12% (v/v) (not shown). M denotes the position in the gel where KcsA monomers would be expected to appear. Lane 2: DDM-solubilized KcsA in the presence of 33% TFE (v/v), which causes complete dissociation into subunits of the KcsA tetramer. The band arising from the KcsA monomers is not observed under these conditions because its detection is hampered by the presence of TFE (10, 11). Lane 3: DDM-solubilized KcsA was first treated with 33% TFE as in lane 2 and then diluted with DDM buffer to a final TFE concentration of 10% (v/v) to allow reassociation of the KcsA subunits back into tetramers. Lane 4: Sample prepared as in lane 3 but in the presence of DOPE/DOPG (7:3) at a molar lipid to KcsA ratio of 1000:1 in the dilution buffer to assess lipid effects. All wells were loaded with the same amount of KcsA. (B) The intensity of the gel bands was determined by densitometry and the fraction of tetramer recovered in each sample was estimated by comparison with lane 1. The experiment was performed four times in different gels, with different protein and lipid stocks. The normalizations were made to lane 1 of each of the gels, and the standard deviation bar is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optimization-of-mixed-micelle-conditions-a-2flg6l6g.png FIGURE 2: Optimization of mixed micelle conditions. (A) Fluorescence spectra of samples of KcsA (0.15µM) solubilized in 5 mM DDM, were recorded in the presence of increasing concentrations of DOPE/DOPG (7:3). The changes in the fluorescence intensity (arbitrary units) at 335 nm are shown. Excitation wavelength was 280 nm. The line drawn is a mere guide to the eye. (B) DDM solubilization of DOPE/DOPG liposomes. The physical state of liposomes of DOPE/DOPG (7:3) was assessed at increasing concentrations of DDM following the turbidity of the samples, by measurement of the absorbance at 400 nm. Lipid concentration was 500µM. The buffer was 20 mM HEPES, pH 7, and 100 mM KCl. All experiments were carried out at 25°C. https://scispace.com/papers/protein-structure-similarity-clustering-dynamic-treatment-of-4jbn9e7uch 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-pathway-taken-by-koch-2-to-establish-the-1zkx785d.png Figure 1. The pathway taken by Koch [2] to establish the original PSS cluster. Note the use of SCOP and intuition/manual inspection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cluster-distribution-of-the-1000-conformers-23g8n1z0.png Figure 2. Cluster distribution of the 1000 conformers resulting from the MD simulation (Gromacs) on the dysidiolidedocked Cdc25A structure shown in Figure 3. All clusters with more than 10 members are shown as a function of the time of appearance of the midpoint conformer. Circle diameters are proportional to cluster size. The midpoint conformer of the black-shaded cluster is shown in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-md-assisted-clustering-procedure-for-the-cation-1hw5idyz.png Figure 4. MD-assisted clustering procedure for the cation-indepedent mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor. BP=binding protein. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-overlay-of-the-md-relaxed-750-ps-m6p-igf2r-core-3c4lo55f.png Figure 5. Overlay of the MD-relaxed (750 ps) M6P-IGF2R core (blue) with the human E-FABP (green). The 1SZ0-bound M6P ligand (position at 750 ps) is highlighted with a ball-andstick model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-docked-structure-of-cdc25a-1c25-and-dysidiolide-3ldxy6a1.png Figure 3. Top: Docked structure of Cdc25A (1C25) and dysidiolide. The highlighted residues are Cys 430, Glu 431, and Arg 436. Middle: Conformer 668, the midpoint conformer of the black-shaded cluster shown in Figure 2 (see also Table 1 for evidence that MD samples particularly relevant conformational space for the Cdc25A/AChE/11HSD PSSC cluster in this time regime). Bottom: Structural overlay (DaliLite) of conformer 668 of Cdc25A following MD simulation (blue) with acetylcholinesterase (1H22, red) and 11β-HSD1 (1XSE, green). VAST fi nds this triplet only after the initial 1C25 coordinates are allowed to relax through MD. https://scispace.com/papers/proteins-interfaces-and-cryo-em-grids-2jemd4dvrj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cartoon-showing-healthy-particles-adsorbed-to-a-26fwegnq.png Fig. 3 Cartoon showing healthy particles adsorbed to a sacrificial skin of denatured protein. It is hypothesized that the first particles to collide with the air-water interface form a denatured monolayer, perhaps 1 nm to 2 nm thick. Structurally intact particles (may) then stick to the monolayer, sometimes reaching a much higher concentration than in bulk. When everything above the dotted line is blotted away, the remaining thin film is quenched by plunging into cryogen, leaving the particles embedded in vitreous ice. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-approaches-that-have-been-identified-as-possible-2eidb5kv.png Table 1 Approaches that have been identified as possible ways to to be “difficult”. In each case, examples of ways to implement a give and known weak points of each. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cartoon-showing-the-standard-picture-that-is-1szwwihv.png Fig. 1 Cartoon showing the standard picture that is envisioned in order to explain why embedding macromolecular complexes within a thin film of vitrified buffer should preserve the structure in a near-native state. Macromolecular particles are randomly distributed in the sample when on a holey support film, just as they were in the test tube. When everything above the dotted line is blotted away, a thin film remains in the hole. This thin film is then vitrified by plunging into cryogen, leaving the particles embedded in amorphous ice. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-immobilized-particles-can-still-be-contacted-by-the-namaei0f.png Fig. 4 Immobilized particles can still be contacted by the air-water interface if the remaining buffer is too thin. Although use of affinity support films may provide a path to reliably prepare cryo-grids for every type of specimen, a remaining problem is to find a way to keep the air-water interface from touching the immobilized particles. As the green-colored interface indicates, the situation currently is safe, but further thinning, as suggested by the arrows, may not be a good thing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cartoon-showing-not-to-scale-the-two-air-water-qk36r1a1.png Fig. 2 Cartoon showing – not to scale – the two air-water interfaces that exist when an aliquot of sample is deposited onto a holey support film. The individual hole sizes in the thin film are typically about 1 μm, while the ~3 μL aliquot deposited onto the grid typically covers a diameter of 3 mm. The interface at the top of the drop is usually ignored because it presumably will be blotted away, along with excess sample. The second interface, on the bottom, i.e. within the holes, is seldom discussed, and it is more complicated to say whether this second interface will also be blotted away. Either the top interface or the bottom interface presumably remains, however, when preferential orientation is observed, and especially whenever the number of particles seen is greater than is expected, as is discussed in Section 2.2. https://scispace.com/papers/proteolytic-cleavage-of-arabidopsis-thaliana-1regxfkpll 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-analysis-of-allosteric-effectors-on-athpepck1-and-28r7thtg.png Fig. 3. Analysis of allosteric effectors on AthPEPCK1 and truncated mutants. Activity of AthPEPCK1 WT (left panel), Δ19 (middle panel) and Δ101 (right panel) was measured in the direction of decarboxylation, as described in the Materials and methods section, using saturating substrate concentrations (0.75 mM OAA and 0.75 mM ATP for the WT, and 0.5 mM OAA and 0.3 mM ATP for the Δ19 and Δ101 mutants). In the case of malate, activity was measured in the carboxylation direction using saturating substrate concentrations (10 mM PEP and 0.13 mM ADP). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-thermal-shift-assays-of-athpepck1-and-truncated-1e7p8nvg.png Fig. 4. Thermal shift assays of AthPEPCK1 and truncated mutants. Experiments were performed with the WT (white), Δ19 (light grey), and Δ101 (dark grey) enzymes in the presence of malate at the indicated concentrations. The shift in the melting temperature (Tm) was calculated as described in the Materials and methods section. Data are the mean ± standard error of three technical replicates. * indicates a P-value < 0.05 and ** indicates a P-value < 0.01 using a t-test for two independent samples with a confidence level of 95%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-regulation-of-athpepck1-during-the-sink-to-source-3so9o11j.png Fig. 5. Regulation of AthPEPCK1 during the sink-to-source transition. During the transition of the seedling from heterotrophic (orange) to autotrophic (green) growth, AthPEPCK1 is cleaved at the N-terminus by AthMC9, leading to shorter enzyme forms, which are catalytic but insensitive to regulation by malate and Glc6P. Blue lines, activation; red lines, inhibition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proteolysis-of-athpepck1-in-germinating-seedlings-a-3k3paa3y.png Fig. 1. Proteolysis of AthPEPCK1 in germinating seedlings. A) Analysis of AthPEPCK1 in germinating seedlings and mature rosettes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-analysis-of-athpepck1-cleavage-by-athmc9-a-cleavage-of-34fuvcb8.png Fig. 2. Analysis of AthPEPCK1 cleavage by AthMC9. A) Cleavage of AthPEPCK1 by crude extracts from Arabidopsis seedlings. https://scispace.com/papers/proteomic-analysis-of-the-phytopathogenic-soilborne-fungus-3c6m66a37g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-numbers-and-distribution-of-the-185-sequenced-nu6s2e5w.png Figure 4.2. Numbers and distribution of the 185 sequenced differentially expressed transcripts in two V. dahliae isolates Vd1396-9 and Vs06-14, highly and weakly aggressive, respectively, in response to elicitation with root extracts from Ranger Russet and Kennebec, moderately resistant- and susceptible potato cultivars, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-6-cis-jasmone-content-mg-g-1-fresh-weight-in-stems-270umvb4.png Figure 7.6. cis-Jasmone content (μg.g-1 fresh weight) in stems of potato cv. Kennebec wounded, un-inoculated control plants (W-control), inoculated with the weakly (Vs0614) or the highly (Vd1396-9) aggressive V. dahliae isolates at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after inoculation. Uw-control represents cis-jasmone in the un-wounded, un-inoculated control plants at the day of inoculation. Bars with the same letter(s) are not significantly different according to the least significant difference test at p<0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-4-multiple-alignment-of-the-full-length-sequence-of-1phciql9.png Figure 6.4. Multiple alignment of the full length sequence of tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase gene from the highly aggressive V. dahliae Vd1396-9 (Thnr-9), the weakly aggressive isolate Vs06-14 (Thnr-14), and the Broad Institute genome database of isolate VdLs.17 (VDAG_03665). Introns sequences are labeled with boxes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-4-multiple-alignment-of-the-sequences-of-exons-3ora7eb0.png Figure 10.4. Multiple alignment of the sequences of exons only of isochorismatase hydrolase gene from the highly aggressive Vd1396-9 (Isoch-9), the weakly aggressive Vs06-14 (Isoch-14) and the Broad Institute VdLs.17 genome database (VDAG_05103) V. dahliae isolates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-disease-severity-of-v-dahliae-isolates-vd1396-9-xieakl35.png Figure 3.3. Disease severity of V. dahliae isolates Vd1396-9, Vs04-28, Vs06-13, and Vs06-14 on Kennebec and Ranger Russet potato cultivars. Each data point represents the average of 8 independent replicates ± standard error. The disease severity index is based on a 0 to 5 scale where; 0 = no chlorosis or necrosis, 1 = visible chlorosis with < 1% necrosis, 2 = up to 40% chlorosis and 1–20% necrosis, 3 = up to 65% chlorosis and 20– 35% necrosis, 4 = 100% chlorosis and 35–70% necrosis, 5 = 100% chlorosis and 70– 100% necrosis. The asterisks represent statistically significant differences between the isolates at a given time on a given cultivar according to the LSD test at (P<0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-pcr-amplification-of-stress-response-regulator-a-3t1b4n6d.png Figure 6.1. PCR amplification of stress response regulator A (VdSrrA), isochorismatase hydrolase (VdIsoch), and tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase (VdThnr) genes from the genomic DNA of V. dahliae isolates Vd1396-9 (highly aggressive) and Vs06-14 (weakly aggressive). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-7-multiple-alignment-of-the-deduced-amino-acids-of-3rc5j4xh.png Figure 10.7. Multiple alignment of the deduced amino acids of tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase gene from the highly aggressive Vd1396-9 (Thnr-9), the weakly aggressive Vs06-14 (Thnr-14) and the Broad Institute VdLs.17 genome database (VDAG_03665) V. dahliae isolates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2-caffeic-acid-content-mg-g-1-fresh-weight-in-roots-1ke6rrdq.png Figure 7.2. Caffeic acid content (μg.g-1 fresh weight) in roots of potato cv. Kennebec wounded, un-inoculated control plants (W-control), inoculated with the weakly (Vs0614) or the highly (Vd1396-9) aggressive V. dahliae isolates at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after inoculation. Uw-control represents caffeic acid in the un-wounded, un-inoculated control plants at the day of inoculation. Bars with the same letter(s) are not significantly different according to the least significant difference test at p<0.05. https://scispace.com/papers/proteome-analysis-of-arabidopsis-thaliana-by-two-dimensional-4q1ll5jw8r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-diagram-indicating-the-number-of-protein-spots-1jhggnwy.png Figure 4. Diagram indicating the number of protein spots yielding the same identified proteins, in different tissues. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-diagram-of-the-comparison-of-the-relative-mass-3kse1qy1.png Figure 3. (a) Diagram of the comparison of the relative mass distribution of the predicted proteins from the MIPS A. thaliana protein database (MatDB) [28] to the relative distribution of the identified proteins from the selected 2-DE gels. The grey bars indicate the values for the predicted proteins, while the black bars indicate the values for the identified proteins. (b) Same as 3a, but concerning the relative distribution of pI values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-d-sds-page-gel-from-primary-leaf-fraction-3-the-3siwu83y.png Figure 6. 1-D SDS PAGE gel from primary leaf fraction 3. The numbered arrows indicate bands of identified transmembrane spanning proteins from this gel. 1. photosystem II P680 chlorophyll a apoprotein (3 transmembrane domains); 2. photosystem II 44 kDa reaction center protein (6 transmembrane domains); 3. chlorophyll a/b-binding protein CP29 (3 transmembrane domains). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-pie-chart-grouping-the-identified-proteins-from-3141yi8r.png Figure 7. (a) Pie chart grouping the identified proteins from the 2-DE gels into 10 functional categories according to their occurrence. (b) Pie chart subgrouping the proteins from the enzymes group from (a) according to metabolic pathways they can be associated with. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overlap-of-identified-proteins-among-different-plant-3apqhua8.png Table 1. Overlap of identified proteins among different plant tissues https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-different-protein-spots-which-were-31n9st7e.png Figure 5. Comparison of different protein spots which were assigned to rubisco activase. The white dots indicate the identified protein spots. The numbers under the gel indicate the number of identified rubisco activase spots within each 2-DE gel. https://scispace.com/papers/proteome-comparison-between-natural-desiccation-tolerant-117spmcpti 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-proteins-from-the-proteome-analysis-showing-2i37w38g.png TABLE 1 | List of proteins from the proteome analysis showing significantly different amounts between inoculated and non-inoculated plants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-summary-diagram-depicting-the-differential-proteome-alfjr7iw.png FIGURE 4 | Summary diagram depicting the differential proteome of Microbacterium sp. 3J1-inoculated C. annuum leaves in response to dehydration. On the left column altered proteins and metabolic roles (in boxed) are described. On the right column proposed physiological responses and their interconnections (thin arrows) are depicted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2d-page-image-analysis-of-drought-subjected-w6dr1jgc.png FIGURE 5 | 2D-PAGE image analysis of drought-subjected Microbacterium sp. 3J1 cultures. Upper pictures show differences in Microbacterium sp. 3J1 proteome when 5% (A) or 50% PEG (B) were supplied to TSB growth medium Three biological replicates (three different cultures) were used. Lower diagram shows the spot selection procedure and the final identified ones (C). Spots detection and selection were performed with PDQuest software v8.0. Red circles and numbers correspond to selected protein spots that were finally identified by MALDI TOF/TOF and described in Table 2. Pictures were selected as the most representatives from at least three 2D-PAGE replicates performed for each condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2d-page-image-analysis-of-non-inoculated-and-33uui8wm.png FIGURE 3 | 2D-PAGE image analysis of non-inoculated and inoculated plants subjected to drought. Upper pictures show differences in pepper root proteomes of non-inoculated (A) and inoculated with Microbacterium sp. 3J1 (B) seedlings obtained under drought conditions. Three biological replicates (three different plants) were used. Lower diagram shows the spot selection procedure and the final identified ones (C). Spots detection and selection were performed with PDQuest software v8.0. Red circles and numbers correspond to selected protein spots that were finally identified by MALDI TOF/TOF and described in Table 1. Pictures were selected as the most representatives from at least three 2D-PAGE replicates performed for each condition. https://scispace.com/papers/proteomic-analysis-identifies-the-e3-ubiquitin-ligase-pdzrn3-3mvfi1ujjz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hits-from-wnt5a-knockout-mef-tmt-ms3-screen-protein-ua23n5gk.png Table 1 - Hits from Wnt5a knockout MEF TMT/MS3 screen Protein abundance changes after 1 hour of rWnt5a stimulation https://scispace.com/papers/proteomic-of-lipid-rafts-in-the-exocrine-pancreas-from-diet-18s5vt3r1k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-nano-lc-esi-q-tof-ms-ms-identification-of-the-lipid-32c4zxkf.png Table 2 Nano-LC ESI Q-TOF MS/MS identification of the lipid rafts proteins from the DIO rat exocrine pancreas https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-selected-ms-ms-peptide-sequences-a-lipid-rafts-from-z4hauzn2.png Fig. 4. Selected MS/MS peptide sequences. (A) Lipid rafts from the purified PM were isolated as described in the legend of Fig. 2A. Total protein (10 lg) of the LDFs were separated by 12% SDS–PAGE and silver staining bands were analyzed by proteomic. (B) Immunoblot of the indicated polypeptide with the specific antibody as described in the legend of Fig. 3. (C,D) MS/MS fragmentation spectra of LGAVYTEGGFVEGVNKK from (589.987500, 3+) and LLLTNCYATPSGDRNDIVK from (717.353500, 3+) leading to identification of BSDL (C) and GP2 (D), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-long-term-feeding-with-hesd-induced-a-characteristic-1ka6xl7i.png Fig. 1. Long term feeding with HESD induced a characteristic bimodal distribution of body weight. Outbred male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed for 16 weeks either with the control diet (n = 12) or the HESD (n = 36) ad libitum as described in feeding protocol. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-effects-after-long-term-feeding-with-hesd-16cg2d43.png Table 1 Summary of effects after long term feeding with HESD in rats https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-overview-of-purification-of-lipid-rafts-from-1xzj5dqr.png Fig. 2. Schematic overview of purification of lipid rafts from the exocrine panc ZGM, PM, and raft fractions were isolated by sub-cellular fractionation as des the DRMs. Total proteins (25 lg) from either ZM or PM were treated w immunoblotted using the BSDL or GP2 specific antibody. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-lipid-rafts-characterization-drms-fractions-were-2kjysvgi.png Fig. 3. Lipid rafts characterization. DRMs fractions were prepared from PM, and fractions were collected as described in experimental procedures. (A) The total protein and cholesterol content of each fraction was determined. (B) Equal total protein (10 lg) of every fraction was separated by 12.5% SDS– PAGE and immunoblotted with appropriate antibodies for BSDL, GP2, and Na+/K+ ATPase. For ganglioside GM1 blots were incubated with 1 lg HRP-cholera toxin B. The data are the representative of four experiments. (C) BSDL immunogold labeling of lipid raft vesicles. The LDFs (4–5) obtained either from the ZG or the PM were embedded for immunoelectron microscopy then incubated without (a, b, and e) or with the anti-BSDL antibodies (c, d, f, and g). Heterogeneous sizes of the rafts-like-vesicles with lining membrane are observed. The raft vesicles from the PM were smaller (e and f) and the intense labeling of the reverse membrane sheet particularly in (h) suggesting that the BSDL may be associated to one leaflet of membrane. Bars, 0.2 lm. Data shown are from DIO and no significant differences was noticed with OR. https://scispace.com/papers/proteomic-study-of-neuron-and-astrocyte-cultures-from-3ml9623t0z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-neuron-a-and-astrocyte-b-interacting-protein-networks-2knmd29j.png Fig 3.- Neuron (A) and astrocyte (B) interacting protein networks for differentially expressed proteins in SAMP8 versus SAMR1. Connecting line thickness indicates proximity: 1, direct connection; 2, 3 and 4 , connected through 1, 2 and 3 intermediate nodes, respectively; absence of line, connected through 4 intermediate nodes. Proteins are represented by their gene names, listed in Tables 2 and 4. https://scispace.com/papers/proteomics-in-mechanistic-toxicology-history-concepts-3v3bhxpvl5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scheme-of-principle-of-expression-proteomics-this-9jz89i38.png Figure 2: Scheme of principle of expression proteomics This figure describes the major steps involved in an expression proteomic experiment. The uppercase S at the end of sampleS stresses the importance of biological replicates for each condition. It should also be kept in mind that all expression proteomic strategies rely on quantitative differences, so that the quality of quantification and especially the variance of the quantification is crucial in such approaches. The steps downstream the proteomic process per se are also highlighted, e.g. the homeostasis hypothesis, which implies that what changes is important in the biological process studied, and the necessity of functional validation to derive solid biological knowledge from the proteomic results https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-toxicoproteomic-studies-on-industrial-chemicals-3d3ed1ah.png Table 3: Toxicoproteomic studies on industrial chemicals https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-toxicoproteomic-studies-on-nanoparticles-and-1mfpi8jm.png Table 5 : Toxicoproteomic studies on nanoparticles and nanofibers https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-detection-of-protein-targets-of-chemicals-through-2tlwqqbo.png Table 7: Detection of protein targets of chemicals through covalent labelling https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-toxicoproteomic-studies-on-drugs-3j69h9mh.png Table 1: Toxicoproteomic studies on drugs https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-detection-of-protein-targets-of-chemicals-through-1atqnosk.png Table 6: Detection of protein targets of chemicals through non-covalent interaction https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-toxicoproteomic-studies-on-metals-and-metalloids-3g7xwr0n.png Table 4 : Toxicoproteomic studies on metals and metalloids https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-historical-illustration-of-the-interest-of-h3hgr7dk.png Figure 1: Historical illustration of the interest of proteomics in toxicology This figure is extracted from one of the oldest toxicoproteomic papers [11] , and illustrates a classical approach of expression proteomics. The synthetic image represents a 2D gel profile of rat kidney proteins, and the few proteins which amount is altered are indicated with arrows. The direction of the arrow indicates the direction and intensity of the change (decrease or increase), while its length indicates the statistical significance of the change. Among the six proteins showing the most significant changes, three were identified with the technical means available at that time (Edman microsequencing). Spot 75 was identified as Calbindin D, spot 96 as Regucalcin, and spot 109 as Major Urinary Protein. https://scispace.com/papers/protist-biodiversity-and-biogeography-in-lakes-from-four-4qlkvqwd7v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-biodiversity-and-biogeography-of-protist-sampled-in-abq79ebc.png Figure 1 Biodiversity and biogeography of protist sampled in lakes associated with four riverfloodplains in Brazil: Amazonia (Amazonas river), Araguaia River, Pantanal (Miranda and Paraguai rivers), and Upper Paraná (Paraná, Baía, and Ivinheima rivers). (A) Taxonomic assignment and relative abundance of reads and OTUs. (B) Jaccard similarity index of OTU composition differences between samples. (C) Non-metric multidimensional scaling of OTU composition differences between samples. https://scispace.com/papers/protocol-dependence-of-plasticity-in-ultrastable-amorphous-4h4ksd8pca 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-first-panel-the-dynamical-structure-factor-s-k-t-of-96b0f189.png FIG. 5. First panel: The dynamical structure factor S(k, t ) of the model simulated in the main text, for various temperatures T across the onset of glassy slowdown. Second panel: The relaxation times extracted from the decay of the S(k, t ), plotted against the respective temperature. The dashed red line is the best power-law fit, Eq. (A1), with the parameters reported in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-cartoon-showing-the-behavior-of-p-x-as-c-is-varied-yof1bwa8.png FIG. 6. A cartoon showing the behavior of P (x ) as c is varied. The extremal cases c = 0 and c = 1 are plotted in grey and black respectively, with the intermediate cases plotted in color. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-size-dependence-of-the-average-g-interval-cy9d2fpw.png FIG. 1. System size dependence of the average γ interval before the first plastic event occurs. For each Tg the expected scaling Nα is found, but the α exponent is now dependent on the preparation temperature Tg . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-as-c-decreases-and-therefore-the-glass-is-better-3owdc8n0.png FIG. 3. As c decreases (and therefore the glass is better annealed), the asymptotic scaling xmin ∝ N−3/5 is pushed to larger and larger system sizes, producing an apparent change in the scaling exponent α, which is however only a finite-size effect. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-rescaled-pdf-of-g-for-tg-0-3-a-tg-0-2-b-and-tg-0-3qzf2rtd.png FIG. 2. The rescaled pdf of γ for Tg = 0.3 (a), Tg = 0.2 (b), and Tg = 0.08 (c). Data collapse takes place only at “high” (i.e., larger than TMCT) and “low” (i.e., deeply supercooled) temperatures, but not in the intermediate regime. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-system-size-dependence-of-the-average-g-interval-2bgff0mc.png FIG. 4. System size dependence of the average γ interval before the first plastic event occurs, with added results for N = 40 000. A Tg-dependent crossover in the data such as the one predicted by our toy model appears to be present. https://scispace.com/papers/protocol-for-community-created-public-ms-ms-reference-170cyi2rqb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-adducts-versus-the-number-of-ms-ms-spectra-selected-2vtj7jub.png Figure 3. Adducts versus the number of MS/MS spectra selected by MSMS-Chooser in the proofof-concept set of chemical standards, (A) colored by ionization mode and (B) colored by chemical classification, class level, obtained via Classyfire. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-illustrative-base-peak-chromatogram-b-average-ms-361hvkrr.png Figure 2. (A) Illustrative base peak chromatogram, (B) average MS spectrum, and (C) MS/MS spectra selected by MSMS-Chooser for dethiobiotin in the positive ionization mode. Peaks in the MS are colored corresponding to their MS/MS spectra. (D) Illustrative base peak chromatogram, (E) average MS spectrum, and (F) MS/MS spectra selected by MSMS-Chooser for N-acetylleucine in the negative ionization mode. Peaks in the MS are colored corresponding to their MS/MS spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-msms-chooser-workflow-and-protocol-3j1dhk3i.png Figure 1. Overview of the MSMS-Chooser workflow and protocol. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tabulated-results-comparing-msms-chooser-and-manual-3ao09i0d.png Table 1. Tabulated results comparing MSMS-Chooser and manual inspection of the data. https://scispace.com/papers/proton-decay-via-three-quark-fusion-31zt7hiyzo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-proton-branching-ratios-in-the-threequark-fusion-3pfcoh4g.png TABLE I. Proton branching ratios in the threequark-fusion model. The columns headed PS and PV refer, respectively, to pseudoscalar and pseudovector coupling at the baryon-baryon-meson vertex. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-proton-decay-as-predicted-by-bik-ref-7-the-value-of-3krnugb8.png FIG. 5. Proton decay as predicted by BIK {Ref. 7). The value of the annihilation amplitude k=0.035 GeV' was used in Ref. 7. Also included is our value of this quantity A, =0.013 GeV . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-proton-lifetimes-as-predicted-by-tomozawa-in-ref-8-the-3ayx776x.png FIG. 6. Proton lifetimes as predicted by Tomozawa in Ref. 8. The upper and lower curves correspond to oscillator strengths a=0. jj5 GeV and a=0.40 GeV, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-proton-decay-in-the-two-quark-reaction-as-calculated-1wjd9plr.png FIG. 3. Proton decay in the two-quark reaction as calculated by Gavela et a1. (Ref. 5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proton-lifetimes-in-the-two-quark-reaction-process-2zgs888g.png FIG. 2. Proton lifetimes in the two-quark reaction process calculated in the bag model. The upper curve corresponds to a dipole form factor in the decay amplitude; the lower curve describes an amplitude with no form factor. https://scispace.com/papers/proton-coupled-electron-transfer-from-co3o4nanoparticles-to-1spj8am2he 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-possible-surface-sites-of-co3o4-nps-involved-in-et-23cae9mq.png Figure 2. Possible surface sites of Co3O4 NPs involved in ET to Ru(bpy)3 3+ . https://scispace.com/papers/proton-pump-for-o2-reduction-catalyzed-by-5-10-15-20-c8afhi7y52 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-absorption-spectra-of-1-mm-coachtungtrennung-tpp-in-1xm5yc3n.png Figure 3. Absorption spectra of 1 mm [CoACHTUNGTRENNUNG(tpp)] in DCE freshly prepared (c) and after a shake flask experiment (g). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-cyclic-voltammograms-50-mvs-1-using-cell-1-in-the-ispnnjec.png Figure 2. a) Cyclic voltammograms (50 mVs 1) using Cell 1: in the presence of only 5 mm DMFc (x=0, y=5, g) and both 5 mm DMFc and 50 mm [Co ACHTUNGTRENNUNG(tpp)] (x=50, y=5, c); b) Cyclic voltammograms (50 mVs 1) using Cell 2: in the presence of only 5 mm DFc (p=0, q=5, g) and both 5 mm DFc and 50 mm [Co ACHTUNGTRENNUNG(tpp)] (p=50, q=5, c); c) Cyclic voltammograms (50 mVs 1) using Cell 2: in the presence of only 5 mm DFc (p=0, q=5, g) and both 5 mm DFc and 50 mm [CoACHTUNGTRENNUNG(tpp)] (p=50, q=5, c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-cyclic-voltammograms-50-mvs-1-and-b-differential-3d6kk9an.png Figure 1. a) Cyclic voltammograms (50 mVs 1) and b) differential capacitance curves using Cell 1: in the absence (x=0, y=0, c) and presence (x=50, y=0, g) of 50 mm [Co ACHTUNGTRENNUNG(tpp)] in DCE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-absorption-spectra-of-the-dce-phase-after-30-dppxx37f.png Figure 5. a) Absorption spectra of the DCE phase after 30 minutes of shake flask experiments in presence of 50 mm [Co ACHTUNGTRENNUNG(tpp)] with 5 mm DMFc (a), DFc (g) and Fc (c); b) Time profile of the formation of Fc+ in the absence (*) and presence (*) of 50 mm [CoACHTUNGTRENNUNG(tpp)] in DCE during the shake flask experiments; c) Absorption spectra of the aqueous phase after treated with excess NaI after 30 minutes of shake flask experiments in presence of 50 mm [Co ACHTUNGTRENNUNG(tpp)] with 5 mm DMFc (a), DFc (g) and Fc (c). https://scispace.com/papers/proton-proton-correlations-in-central-collisions-of-ni-ni-at-3n40c63gef 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ci-mlition-fwictions-of-proloii-puirs-sclected-with-3qdub46i.png Fig. 6. Ci~mlition fwictions of proloii püirs sclected with Uie central uigzer condiiion (duis). Tlic difterent lines are resulis of Ktmniri oitxlel siniulations with xrt> lifelinic T iuid Gaussia~i radius fZo = d f t + , , , , foldai with aiicxperinieiival resolution function of Gaussiiui skipe wiih dilkreiit dis-rsions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-two-dimensional-distribntion-of-particle-yields-d-2-d-2yupvxkz.png Fig. 3, Two-dimensional distribntion of particle yields d 2 ~ / d p 3 : dy in the plmc oi' rcduccd Wansvcrsc nioinentuni (prcjccted onto Ilie reaction pl& vs. normalized rapidity of liydrogcn (mosiiy protons, upper put) ünd helium {moslly 'Ne, lower part) i'ragmcnts measured with ihe whole fc~rwarrl wall. Tlic isolines ;ire given for 20,40, 60, iuid 80% of the inaxirnuni value. The left colunni shows Uie disiributions ior iiie central trigger condition. Tlne right cduiiin reprcsents thc cvents selected by cutting 011 high values of Uic ratio R1l'It of iolal transversc md longitudinal energies. Tlie measured data of thc forwlud liemispherc are reflected lo the backward one. https://scispace.com/papers/protoplanetary-disk-masses-in-the-young-ngc-2024-cluster-15d7726fc1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cumulative-distribution-of-disk-masses-in-the-ngc-2vz60747.png Figure 3. Cumulative distribution of disk masses in the NGC 2024 survey, constructed with the Kaplan–Meier product limit estimator to account for upper limits. The estimated 50 and 100% completeness levels are marked as dotted vertical lines. The analogous distribution for the Taurus star-forming region (Andrews et al. 2013) is shown in gray for reference. The upper end of the NGC 2024 disk mass distribution favors slightly higher masses, as might be expected for a younger cluster, although the selection effects of this sample are not yet well characterized. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-submillimeter-array-observations-2n28q41q.png Table 1 Summary of Submillimeter Array Observations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-10-c-10-false-color-near-infrared-image-of-ngc-2t8nhhrq.png Figure 1. (Left) 10 ¢´ 10′ false-color near-infrared image of NGC 2024, also known as the Flame Nebula (Meyer et al. 2008). The white box shows the region targeted in the SMA survey. (Right) A JCMT-SCUBA 850 μm image of the inset region (obtained from Di Francesco et al. 2008), with the pointing locations and dimensions of the SMA primary beam overlaid as white circles, labeled as in Table 1. Crosses show the location of young stars identified in K-band imaging (Meyer 1996). The most massive star of the cluster, IRS 2b, is labeled in both panels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-disk-masses-in-the-ngc-2024-black-and-onc-gray-see-16pkpnpd.png Figure 4. Disk masses in the NGC 2024 (black) and ONC (gray; see Mann & Williams 2010; Mann et al. 2014) clusters as a function of their projected separations from the nearest massive star, IRS 2b and θ1 Ori C, respectively. Circles represent submillimeter continuum detections of dust disk emission, and horizontal line segments mark 3σ upper limits. The depletion in Mdisk at small projected separations seen for the ONC is not apparent for the NGC 2024 cluster, perhaps because it represents an earlier evolutionary stage or due to the (presumably) comparatively weaker photoionizing radiation field present. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-synthesized-images-of-the-887-mm-continuum-emission-16fymlr7.png Figure 2. Synthesized images of the 887 μm continuum emission toward the 22 detected infrared sources (see Table 2). Each panel is 12″ (∼5000 AU) on a side, and includes labels in the Meyer (1996) IRC designation. Contours are drawn at 3σ intervals, and the synthesized beam dimensions are shown in the bottom right corners of each panel. In all but three panels, the image center corresponds to the infrared source position; otherwise, those positions are marked with crosses. The third panel includes the two cases with multiple possible identifications; see Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-inferred-disk-fluxes-and-masses-1oprl2mj.png Table 2 Inferred Disk Fluxes and Masses https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-y2win28a.png Table 2 Inferred Disk Fluxes and Masses https://scispace.com/papers/proton-transfers-between-first-and-second-row-atoms-h2ohsh2-13726e1aya 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-optimized-geometries-and-energies-for-h20hsh2-and-1ziafr42.png TABLE I. Optimized geometries" and energies for (H20HSH2)+ and monomers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-proton-transfer-potentials-for-h3nhshz-labels-refer-to-2g9xr33j.png FIG. 3. Proton transfer potentials for (H3NHSHz) +. Labels refer to R(NS) in A. Energies relative to fully optimized structure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-energy-barriers-to-proton-transfer-3ejbzi70.png TABLE III. Energy barriers to proton transfer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-changes-in-optimized-geometry-during-proton-transfer-15v2uwog.png TABLE V. Changes in optimized geometry" during proton transfer in (H3NHSH2)+, R(NS) = 3.55 A. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-optimized-geometrical-parameters-during-proton-np3lk7dn.png TABLE IV. Optimized geometrical parameters during proton transfer in (H20HSH2)+ for R(OS) = 3.2 A.a https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-calculated-energy-barriers-kcal-mol-for-proton-yknortm8.png TABLE VII. Calculated energy barriers (kcal/mol) for proton transfer in (H20HSH2)+ with R(OS) = 3.2 A. https://scispace.com/papers/prototyping-fusion-center-information-sharing-implementing-j45ih381lt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-lawyer-view-of-justification-rqx3e8o6.png Fig. 3. Lawyer View of Justification https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-web-interface-for-transactions-1xus8rku.png Fig. 2. Web Interface for Transactions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-the-fusion-center-system-2o21e0pl.png Fig. 1. Overview of the Fusion Center System https://scispace.com/papers/protostrongylid-parasites-and-pneumonia-in-captive-and-wild-kxkwlq96aa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-chronic-fibrinopurulent-bronchopneumonia-in-dalls-34mib41y.png FIGURE 4. Chronic, fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia in Dall’s sheep from the Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories, Canada. (A) Classic cranio-ventral distribution of bacterial bronchopneumonia, left lateral view of excised lungs of MO9 (see Table 3). Each black bar is equal to 1 cm. (B) Purulent material (‘‘microabscesses’’) in cross section through cranial lung of MO16 (see Table 3). Bar51 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-protostrongylid-parasites-in-histological-sections-20jclsze.png FIGURE 1. Protostrongylid parasites in histological sections of the lungs of wild Dall’s sheep found dead in the Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories, Canada. (A) Dense, eosinophilic eggs and developing larvae of P. stilesi and loosely morulated, basophilic egg of P. odocoilei (arrow) in lung parenchyma of SC15 (see https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-neural-lesions-associated-with-p-odocoilei-in-1uzc4ayq.png FIGURE 3. Neural lesions associated with P. odocoilei in experimentally infected Stone’s sheep (SS2; see Table 1) and naturally infected Dall’s sheep (SC15; see Table 1). Bars5100 mm. (A) Hemorrhage and encephalomalacia in cerebellum of SS2, with intralesional eggs of P. odocoilei (arrows). (B) Eggs of P. odocoilei (arrows) in section adjoining that shown in a, stained with Alcian blue periodic acid Schiff. (C) Eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and hemosiderophages surround a blood vessel in the cerebral cortex of SC15. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-granulomas-associated-with-eggs-and-larvae-of-p-3qc40r40.png FIGURE 2. Granulomas associated with eggs and larvae of P. odocoilei in the lungs of an experimentally infected captive Stone’s sheep (SS1; see Table 1). (A) Computed tomography scan of excised lungs (1-mm section). Solid white bar55 cm. (B) Cut section at necropsy, arrows indicate granulomas. Bar51 cm. (C) Histological section, subgross, arrows indicate granulomas. Bar55 mm. (D) Histologic section, 4003, arrows indicate eggs and developing larva of P. odocoilei within a granuloma. Bar5100 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/protozoology-a-manual-for-medical-men-veterinarians-and-4wuwhjldr2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-283-28dvwgdl.png Fig. 283. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-128-1c2s8t31.png Fig. 128. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-93-3pxboptc.png Fig. 93. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-163-5wvpnuac.png Fig. 163. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-335-20m0opny.png Fig. 335. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-53-39chvve9.png Fig. 53. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-qezdyk3z.png Fig. 25. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-31-i6x89odl.png Fig. 31. https://scispace.com/papers/prototyping-of-fuzzy-logic-based-controllers-using-standard-4qlsrbfbq4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-experimental-set-up-a-dosage-system-b-control-2bnbj7ch.png Figure 5: Experimental set up: a) Dosage system. b) Control system implementation. c) Development system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-experimental-results-1xw147ji.png Figure 6: Experimental results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-rule-base-a-and-fuzzy-sets-b-used-by-a-2ub7rvre.png Figure 1: Example of rule base (a) and fuzzy sets (b) used by a fuzzy PI controller. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-block-diagram-and-tasks-of-a-fuzzy-logic-based-1qfgj1v6.png Figure 2: Block diagram and tasks of a fuzzy logic-based control system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-design-flow-and-cad-tools-for-fuzzy-control-systems-1auuxkt8.png Figure 3: Design flow and CAD tools for fuzzy control systems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-xflab-windows-illustrating-the-task-assignment-3qf60pka.png Figure 4: Xflab windows illustrating the task assignment carried out in the on-line verification stage. https://scispace.com/papers/provenance-for-the-people-an-hci-perspective-on-the-w3c-prov-8oukm88t76 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-groundsman-left-is-the-leader-of-cr0n-and-221wwowj.png Figure 2. The Groundsman (left) is the leader of Cr0n and appears in video briefings at the start of every mission, and a screenshot of the PROV orientation video (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-two-prov-interfaces-used-in-game-the-cr0n-above-and-d7cmy9p2.png Figure 4. Two PROV interfaces used in game: the Cr0n (above) and the MoP (below) interfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-entity-activity-agent-model-proposed-by-the-2idnwo5x.png Figure 1. The Entity-Activity-Agent model proposed by the PROV standard. [11] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-basic-prov-graph-showing-an-inconsistency-15b6t98u.png Figure 3. A basic PROV graph showing an inconsistency. https://scispace.com/papers/provenance-of-branched-gdgts-in-the-tagus-river-drainage-w3xf5sclqq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-concentrations-of-gdgts-and-brgdgt-based-indices-for-2hkdjdei.png Table 3. Concentrations of GDGTs and brGDGT-based indices for each sample set along the transect. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-distribution-of-brgdgts-for-each-sample-set-1y1s8hnz.png Figure 5. Average distribution of brGDGTs for each sample set along the transect of samples that runs from the land to the ocean off the coast of Lisbon. Evident from this figure is that the distribution of brGDGTs within this sample set varies greatly. Distributions of brGDGTs in marine sediments only reflect the distribution of the brGDGTs from the Tagus soils to a minor extent. The color of the bars reflects the brGDGT structure as labeled in the legend, and the range indicated with the error bars equals 2xs the standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-18alo1jt.png Table 3. Concentrations of GDGTs and brGDGT-based indices for each sample set along the transect. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-box-plots-of-a-crenarchaeol-concentrations-ug-g-oc-8d9rdja5.png Figure 3. Box plots of (a) crenarchaeol concentrations (µg g OC−1), (b) sum of brGDGTs (µg g OC−1), (c) BIT index, (d) DC’, (e) IR, and (f) MBT’5me for each sample set in the transect from the land to the ocean off the Portuguese coast. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-panels-a-c-show-scatterplots-of-the-tagus-soil-3gbas73s.png Figure 8. Panels (a)–(c) show scatterplots of the Tagus soil samples for (a) reconstructed and measured pH (R2 = 0.89), (b) reconstructed MATmr (◦C) and measured MAT (◦C; R2 = 0.27), and (c) reconstructed MATmrs (◦C) and measured MAT (◦C; R2 = 0.38). For panels (b)– (c) the soil samples from an altitude greater than 350 m are indicated in black and those from an altitude below 350 m are indicated in green. Panels (d)–(f) show scatterplots of the Tagus riverbank sediments for (d) reconstructed and measured pH (R2 = 0.14), (e) reconstructed MATmr (◦C) and measured MAT (◦C; R2 = 0.31), and (f) reconstructed MATmrs (◦C) and measured MAT (◦C; R2 = 0.23). Panel (g) is a scatterplot showing the reconstructed and measured pH for the Tagus River SPM samples (R2 = 0.09). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-location-of-the-study-area-on-the-iberian-1q4kcsn0.png Figure 1. The location of the study area on the Iberian Peninsula with the stations where the four sediment cores were sampled (indicated by black squares) along a transect from the Tagus River to off the Portuguese continental margin, as well as the river SPM sampling site (indicated by a white diamond), riverbank sediment sampling sites (indicated by red circles), and soil sampling sites (indicated by black circles). The river SPM, riverbank sediments, and soil samples were all collected in a previous study. Digital elevation data are from Jarvis et al. (2006) and bathymetry from IOC-IHO-BODC (2003). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-principal-component-analysis-based-on-the-29lq44ns.png Figure 6. Principal component analysis based on the fractional abundances of the 15 brGDGTs of samples in the transect that runs from inland to off the coast of Portugal plotting (a) the scores of the brGDGT compounds on the first two principal components and (b) the scores of the samples from each sample set used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stations-sediment-core-names-locations-of-sampling-22zt9wjx.png Table 1. Stations, sediment core names, locations of sampling, and water depth for each sediment core used in this study. https://scispace.com/papers/proverbe-transposabilite-et-forme-forte-4h1xyk0nch 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-molecule-lexicalisee-par-jamais-deux-sans-trois-23j0vbwt.png Figure 8 : molécule lexicalisée par jamais deux sans trois https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-le-principe-darticulation-sans-restes-3sh3ir6c.png Figure 14 : le principe d’articulation sans restes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-molecule-lexicalisee-par-les-cordonniers-sont-les-16abw0ow.png Figure 7 : molécule lexicalisée par les cordonniers sont les plus mal chaussés https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proverbes-litteraux-vs-proverbes-non-litteraux-3atrruue.png Figure 1 : proverbes littéraux vs. proverbes non littéraux https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-molecule-lexicalisee-par-il-ny-a-pas-de-roses-sans-17cdfhy5.png Figure 6 : molécule lexicalisée par il n’y a pas de roses sans épines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-proverbes-non-litteraux-non-metaphoriques-kleiber-2q8c84wx.png Figure 3 : proverbes non littéraux non métaphoriques (Kleiber, 2000) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proverbes-non-litteraux-metaphoriques-kleiber-2000-g944ude8.png Figure 2 : proverbes non littéraux métaphoriques (Kleiber, 2000) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-molecule-lexicalisee-par-ou-pousse-la-fougere-cest-22z8ybfe.png Figure 15 : molécule lexicalisée par où pousse la fougère, c’est la bonne terre. https://scispace.com/papers/provider-competition-in-a-dynamic-setting-3c2d3e0ljc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-b6qcovpa.png FIGURE 3 : https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-all-physicians-with-treat-with-kll-theklthe-all-w78wo2j7.png FIGURE 2 : All physicians with treat with )(* κλλ< ( ) ( )θεκλθε ~)(** = All physicians with treat with )(* κλλ≥ ( )θελ ~ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-all-physicians-treat-with-the-independent-of-l-2wldu2r3.png FIGURE 1 : All physicians treat with ( )θε~ Independent of λ https://scispace.com/papers/providers-competencies-positively-affect-personal-recovery-56tq9n96in 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-of-study-inclusion-38xnu61g.png Figure 1. Flow chart of study inclusion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-hypothesis-testing-linear-regression-model-czjnnd87.png Table 4. Hypothesis-testing linear regression model predicting the improvement of personal recovery over time. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-best-fitting-linear-mixed-effects-regression-model-1p8gkl0q.png Table 3. Best-fitting linear mixed-effects regression model predicting personal recovery. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-best-fitting-linear-regression-model-predicting-the-2m1go0gk.png Table 5. Best-fitting linear regression model predicting the improvement of personal recovery over time. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hypothesis-testing-linear-mixed-effects-regression-3tl8isbx.png Table 2. Hypothesis-testing linear mixed-effects regression model predicting personal recovery. https://scispace.com/papers/providing-business-support-to-smes-how-to-encourage-firms-2p72frkpro 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-interviewed-businesses-by-service-s-accessed-1c7tje63.png Table 1. Interviewed businesses by service(s) accessed https://scispace.com/papers/providing-decision-support-for-the-condition-based-2ysbcud7f7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-data-mining-process-for-trip-signature-data-3k6pp29y.png Figure 3 Data mining process for trip signature data analysis and classifier development https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-circuit-breaker-control-circuit-operation-and-2xaioakr.png Figure 2 Circuit breaker control circuit operation and captured trip coil current signature, based on [5] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stages-of-circuit-breaker-operation-h9rvoqjz.png Figure 1 Stages of circuit breaker operation https://scispace.com/papers/providing-feedback-on-emotional-experiences-and-decision-184rym1l01 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-differences-between-human-perception-current-296zaaxi.png TABLE I DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HUMAN PERCEPTION, CURRENT LIFELOGS AND THE PROPOSED SYSTEM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-automated-associations-in-successful-software-products-3ec7tjcm.png Fig. 1. Automated associations in successful software products: iPhoto 11 detects and learns known faces (a) and maps GPS data to Google maps(b); Google image swirl (c) connects pictures according to text tags, categories and visual appearance. https://scispace.com/papers/providing-producer-mobility-support-in-ndn-through-proactive-3ft8azw6qu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-network-overhead-results-varying-the-vicinity-size-iagmb8xt.png Fig. 3. Network overhead results varying the vicinity size https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hit-rate-and-retrieval-time-results-varying-the-209un8rc.png Fig. 4. Hit rate and retrieval time results varying the replication degree https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-network-overhead-results-varying-the-replication-2ammlef3.png Fig. 5. Network overhead results varying the replication degree https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pushing-operation-using-unsolicited-data-or-hints-2q003j5f.png Fig. 1. Pushing operation using unsolicited data or hints https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-hit-rate-and-retrieval-time-results-with-multiple-2gouyct2.png Fig. 6. Hit rate and retrieval time results with multiple content objects https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hit-rate-and-retrieval-time-results-varying-the-2stoudmt.png Fig. 2. Hit rate and retrieval time results varying the vicinity size https://scispace.com/papers/providing-tool-support-for-value-based-decision-making-a-4wx5n749ix 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-study-b-sus-questionnaire-results-jrl5nmhq.png TABLE X. STUDY B - SUS QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/table-xi-study-b-assessment-of-individual-and-group-tasks-bvbk18l6.png TABLE XI. STUDY B - ASSESSMENT OF INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP TASKS https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-study-a-assessment-of-individual-and-group-tasks-35zsjalx.png TABLE IX. STUDY A - ASSESSMENT OF INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP TASKS https://scispace.com/figures/table-xiii-study-c-assessment-of-individual-and-group-tasks-m5lko1vv.png TABLE XIII. STUDY C - ASSESSMENT OF INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP TASKS https://scispace.com/figures/table-xii-study-c-sus-questionnaire-results-3rk1968m.png TABLE XII. STUDY C - SUS QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-decision-support-through-data-visualization-162l2uxl.png Fig. 2 - Decision support through data visualization https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-evaluation-screen-of-the-value-tool-2mso6bc2.png Fig. 3 - Evaluation Screen of the VALUE tool https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-study-c-participants-experience-wth-software-llq0tufp.png TABLE V. STUDY C PARTICIPANTS EXPERIENCE WTH SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT https://scispace.com/papers/providing-vcr-functionality-in-a-constant-quality-video-on-2ggowjay8m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-vcr-window-example-this-figure-shows-the-adjustment-lydj5dso.png Figure 6: VCR-Window Example. This figure shows the adjustment in the bandwidth allocation plan that is made when a user uses the VCR controls for i time units (include the time to get pack to the POP that it was at). The remaining portion of the bandwidth allocation plan is then shifted by the amount of time spent in the rewind area. In this case, it is shiftedi time units. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-digitized-video-statistics-this-table-shows-the-151muppg.png Table 1: Digitized Video Statistics. This table shows the statistics gathered for the data used in the experimentation of this paper. The fifteen movies and one seminar represent 32.3 Gigabytes of data and approximately 25.5 hours of video data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-peak-reservation-utilization-f-or-other-video-data-20w8x03j.png Figure 17: Peak Reservation Utilization f or Other Video Data. This figure shows the peak reservation utilization f or bandwidth plans that are allocated in 30 second periods and have 5 minutes of delay added to the reservations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-buffer-residency-times-this-figure-shows-the-buffer-3va41tta.png Figure 3: Buffer Residency Times. This figure shows the buffer r esidency times for the frames in the Motion-JPEG videos Speed and Seminar using a 5 and 20 MB buffer. For these videos and a 20 MB buffer, the average buffer r esidency time was 32.1 and 54.0 seconds for the Speed and Seminar videos, respectively. Note that for equivalent size buffers the residency times for MPEG encoded videos would be considerably larger. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-buffer-limit-conditions-figur-es-a-and-b-show-the-2pmuwdim.png Figure 5: Buffer Limit Conditions. Figur es (a) and (b) show the cases that occur during playback when the buffer is empty and full, respectively. The solid line represents data that has been played back but not removed from the buffer, while the dashed line represents data that has been transmitted but not played back. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-bandwidth-reservation-calculation-1-client-machine-2qzu5ai6.png Figure 8: Bandwidth Reservation Calculation. 1) Client machine creates bandwidth allocation plan. 2) Client machine creates second plan that is delayed by the expected delay. 3) Bandwidth plan that combines the maximum bandwidth r equirements of both plans is created and passed to the network and server as part of admission control. This plan is denoted by the heavy solid line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-basic-video-on-demand-architecture-this-figure-1bji8zxv.png Figure 1: A Basic Video-On-Demand Architecture. This figure shows a basic video-on-demand server consisting of video servers, a network, and video-on-demand clients. The clients can be either a computer or set-top-box that contains hardware to interact with the network and a small disk for smoothing bandwidth r equirements of the network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-buffer-rewind-size-measurements-this-figure-shows-1bog3ba2.png Figure 12: Buffer Rewind Size Measurements. This figure shows the percentage of time that 30 seconds of video is available using an 8 MByte rewind buffer in addition to the 25 and 50 MByte smoothing buffer. https://scispace.com/papers/proving-group-protocols-secure-against-eavesdroppers-41a1qjpdqh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-extension-of-the-dolev-yao-deduction-system-34m6apbp.png Fig. 3. Extension of the Dolev-Yao Deduction System https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-dolev-yao-deduction-system-dy-18wwalfb.png Fig. 2. The Dolev-Yao Deduction System DY https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rewrite-system-r-yryzx6c1.png Fig. 1. Rewrite System R https://scispace.com/papers/proving-termination-and-memory-safety-for-programs-with-1msf74aywj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-symbolic-execution-graph-for-strlen-1ih7z215.png Fig. 1. Symbolic execution graph for strlen https://scispace.com/papers/provision-of-physiotherapy-rehabilitation-following-neck-n6jzhkhgbd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-services-offered-to-patients-3dhoqngz.png Table II - Services offered to patients https://scispace.com/papers/provision-of-surgical-care-for-children-across-somaliland-4l01lpzb6e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ten-most-common-procedures-overall-and-top-three-by-28t3gyn6.png Table 3 Ten most common procedures overall and top three by specialty (top two were included if more than two conditions tied for third most common, top four were included if two conditions tied for third most common) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-surgical-infrastructure-by-hospital-type-at-15-3orowrii.png Fig. 2 Surgical infrastructure by hospital type at 15 hospitals in Somaliland https://scispace.com/papers/proximate-constraints-on-intruder-detection-in-the-dragonfly-4hv3fi09lr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frequency-distribution-for-intruder-detections-2w7brstz.png Table 2. Frequency distribution for intruder detections relative to the resident https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequency-distribution-for-intruder-approaches-1tvyy49o.png Table 1. Frequency distribution for intruder approaches relative to the resident https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-detection-distance-6se-for-different-angles-of-1hbu3f6c.png Fig. 2. Mean detection distance (6SE) for different angles of approach by naturally intruding males. For each male we used his average detection distance for a particular category; the numbers above or below the symbols refer to the number of males used to calculate the averages at that angle anddistance to vegetation.Asterisks refer to angles forwhich detection distances differed signiÞcantly between the 2 categories of distance to vegetation using a MannÐWhitney test (458, U 5 217.5, P 5 0.015; 1358, U 5 217.5, P 5 0.0016); P . 0.12 for the 3 other pairwise comparisons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-amberwing-territory-the-large-dot-indicates-the-pdzy1zp4.png Fig. 1. Amberwing territory. The large dot indicates the residentÕs perch and the thick straight line represents the shoreline. The proportions of the territory that fall into the background categories of close, intermediate, and distant vegetation are indicated. https://scispace.com/papers/proximal-multitask-learning-over-distributed-networks-with-rvwtnuscvz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulation-results-with-colored-inputs-3n8pq5gn.png Fig. 2. Simulation results with colored inputs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulation-results-with-white-inputs-wrjugxds.png Fig. 1. Simulation results with white inputs. https://scispace.com/papers/proximity-driven-social-interactions-and-their-impact-on-the-342ievh5qi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-2-d-illustration-of-how-the-hand-off-region-i-e-2kk1nol7.png Fig. 1: A 2-D illustration of how the hand-off region, i.e., shaded area, shrinks as the remaining distance to the destination is reduced. Here t is the destination, and ur and u∞ represent relays at distances r and ∞ from destination, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-succeeding-hand-off-regions-may-overlap-here-the-3nk27em9.png Fig. 2: Succeeding hand-off regions may overlap. Here, the darker shaded region is empty, and part of it, i.e., the crosshatched area, overlaps the hand-off region of v on v t. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-an-illustration-of-how-the-order-throughput-capacity-1pyamwlu.png Fig. 6: An illustration of how the order throughput capacity decays versus the network size when various classes of social relationships are in effect. Curves are to only exhibit the approximate decaying rates and should not be interpreted as being accurate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-decaying-rate-of-espl-versus-an-increasing-rsmy54gu.png Fig. 4: The decaying rate of ESPL versus an increasing clustering exponent (α). The shaded area, i.e., α > 3, illustrates the scalable region in which a finite expected social path length is attained. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-growth-rate-of-espl-for-various-clustering-3f19009k.png Fig. 3: The growth rate of ESPL for various clustering exponents (α) as the geometric diameter of the network increases. α > 3 is the scalability threshold and the shaded region reflects networks with bounded average social path lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-to-avoid-multiple-access-interference-the-protocol-2o514hnw.png Fig. 5: To avoid multiple access interference, the protocol model demands concurrent receivers over the same (sub)channel to maintain a distance of at least (1 + ∆) r(n) from an irrelevant active transmitter. Here, u is transmitting to v. The shaded region (cropped to save space), with a width of ∆ r(n), is the guard zone in which no other node can simultaneously receive. w and y are at distance (1+∆) r(n) from u and thus, can be simultaneous receivers over the same (sub)channel without being affected by u’s signal. By triangle inequality, such simultaneous receivers cannot be closer than ∆ r(n) to v. Therefore, imaginary disks of radius ∆ r(n)/2 centered at all simultaneous receivers are disjoint. https://scispace.com/papers/proximity-labeling-assisted-identification-of-endogenous-3eywkvpl3y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-identification-of-kinase-interacting-proteins-with-1a6tzate.png Figure 1. Identification of kinase-interacting proteins with BioID. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-in-vitro-kinase-assay-of-putative-kinase-substrates-tp3765nh.png Figure 3. In vitro kinase assay of putative kinase substrates using synthetic peptides. (A) CK2 substrates (B) PKA substrate. Significance levels are indicated as follows, ****; p-value < 0.0001, **; p-value < 0.01, *; p-value < 0.05 and ns; p-value > 0.05. https://scispace.com/papers/proximity-tourism-and-cultural-amenities-evidence-from-a-t06ci61b3i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-1zmk5y0n.png Table 3– Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-visits-to-out-of-town-museums-by-pufy43qg.png Table 2. Distribution of visits to out-of-town museums by year, type of institutions and distance range https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-determinants-of-visits-to-museums-2010-2014-pooled-2jayl0cl.png Table 4. Determinants of visits to museums 2010-2014, Pooled Zero-inflated Negative Binomial Estimation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-information-on-cardholders-visits-per-year-2cd1b9bq.png Table 1. Summary information on cardholders’ visits per year https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effects-of-covariates-percentage-values-3ie5ysm6.png Table 5. Effects of covariates, percentage values https://scispace.com/papers/prudence-or-speed-health-and-social-care-innovation-in-rural-mudd6frdz7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dimensions-of-ibarra-innovation-involvement-scale-33igolbp.png Table 1: Dimensions of Ibarra Innovation Involvement scale - self and other identification of involvement in innovation processes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rural-innovation-projects-2xrzx0st.png Table 2: Rural innovation projects. https://scispace.com/papers/pse-based-sensitivity-analysis-of-turbulent-and-supersonic-1fbf7cj3r8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spatial-distribution-of-the-mean-axial-velocity-2tfqaphg.png Figure 4. Spatial distribution of the mean axial velocity computed by LES. We can clearly observe the shock-cell distributed along the streamwise direction in the core of the jet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sensitivity-of-the-semi-analytical-supersonic-jet-3ko68don.png Figure 3. Sensitivity of the semi-analytical supersonic jet. From top the bottom we have respectively, the gradient of E with respect to the forcing acting in the continuity, r-momentum, x-momentum and energy equation at different fixed position in the stream-wise direction (x = 4.0, 2.0, 1.0, 0.5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-acoustic-spectrum-in-the-farfield-50-diameters-for-pjxvg9o6.png Figure 5. Acoustic spectrum in the farfield (50 diameters) for a Mj = 1.15 under-expanded jet. θ is measured with respect to the jet axis, (a) SPL, (b) OASPL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-spatial-distribution-of-the-perturbation-p-for-the-3515dxmc.png Figure 6. Spatial distribution of the perturbation p′ for the Strouhal number St = 0.89, the pressure growth in the unstable regions of the jet and fall-down for high values of the streamwise coordinates where the flow is stable. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-axial-distribution-of-the-streamwise-wave-number-a-zrnjuajs.png Figure 7. Axial distribution of the streamwise wave-number α for different values of the Strouhal number, respectively 1.10, 1.30, 0.89, 0.67. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-spatial-distribution-of-the-perturbation-p-for-the-1hli93sr.png Figure 10. Spatial distribution of the perturbation p′ for the Strouhal number St = 1.0 for the turbulent dual-stram jet initialized with the unstable mode KH2, the pressure growth in the secondary shear layer jet and fall-down for high values of the streamwise coordinates where the flow becomes stable. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-from-top-the-bottom-we-have-respectively-the-1jv0wuqo.png Figure 8. From top the bottom we have respectively, the sensitivity Sf̂ computed for the underexpanded supersonic single jet with respect to the forcing acting in the continuity, r-momentum, x-momentum and energy equation at different fixed position in the stream-wise direction (x = 4.0, 2.0, 1.0, 0.5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-stability-spectrum-of-the-turbulent-dual-stream-jet-3axu8h69.png Figure 9. Stability spectrum of the turbulent dual-stream jet at the axial position x = x0 for Strouhal number St = 1.0 and for azimuthal wavenumber m = 0. In full circle the 2 unstable modes related to Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in the primary KH1 and secondary KH2 jet. https://scispace.com/papers/pseudaestuariivita-rosea-sp-nov-a-novel-species-of-genus-19k8moxx1w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-differential-characteristics-of-strain-h15t-and-2p1a2yl8.png Table 1. Differential characteristics of strain H15T and other closely related member.404 Strains: 1, H15T; 2, Pseudaestuariivita atlantica KCTC 42276T. +, Positive; -,405 negative; w, weak.406 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cellular-fatty-acid-composition-of-strain-h15tand-978gmxmr.png Table 2. Cellular fatty acid composition of strain H15Tand the closest relatives.413 Strains: 1, H15T; 2, Pseudaestuariivita atlantica KCTC 42276T. All data were taken414 from this study. TR, Traces (<1.0%); -, not detected. Fatty acids amounting to <1.0 %415 of the total fatty acids in both strains are not shown.416 417 https://scispace.com/papers/pseudo-functional-path-delay-test-through-embedded-memories-4yuz0kk3hm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-standalone-memory-test-1p8dzipt.png Figure 24. Standalone memory test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-paths-into-and-out-of-memory-15l99alv.png Figure 11. Paths into and out of memory https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-result-of-sat-with-different-implemented-map-on-3mo5ljoy.png Table 7. Result of SAT with different implemented map on small circuit https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-result-of-sat-with-different-implemented-map-on-c5xurlaa.png Table 8. Result of SAT with different implemented map on industrial circuit https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-muxed-d-scan-cell-1howjv5r.png Figure 2. Muxed-D scan cell https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-memory-bypassing-model-212tcb7k.png Figure 7. Memory bypassing model https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-controller-with-2048x8-memory-as-white-38s7dwz9.png Table 4. Results of controller with 2048x8 memory as white box https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-pft-klpg-with-controller-npfao8hc.png Table 3. Results of PFT KLPG with controller https://scispace.com/papers/pseudo-dollo-models-for-the-evolution-of-binary-characters-3clim960ec 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-simulation-study-for-pseudo-dollo-model-3pagszjw.png Table 1: Results of simulation study for pseudo Dollo model. The number indicates how many of the 100 simulated data sets resulted in inferences where the true value (used to simulate the data) was contained in the 95% highest probability density (HPD) interval. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-log-marginal-likelihood-ml-estimates-standard-1yh1h5c2.png Table 2: Log marginal likelihood (ML) estimates (standard deviation in brackets) for Transeurasian data for various substitution models using the relaxed clock. Higher ML estimates indicate better model fit. Difference of ML estimates give the log Bayes factor(BF). This indicates that the pseudo Dollo covarion model gives BF 100 with respect to any of the other models, and is the best for for the data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagrams-for-a-pseudo-dollo-b-pd-covarion-c-pd-2h0sji87.png Figure 1: Diagrams for (a) pseudo Dollo, (b) PD-covarion, (c) PD-covarion B, and (d) multistate pseudo Dollo models with all rate parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/pseudo-periodic-patterns-for-subpixel-accuracy-visual-2779a8kg10 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-positions-reconstructed-from-pseudo-3n12jbwt.png Figure 6. Comparison of positions reconstructed from pseudo-periodic pattern processing and from sub-pixel image correlation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-reconstructed-angle-value-during-progressive-object-1kxjk0iz.png Figure 7. Reconstructed angle value during progressive object rotation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-interpolation-principle-of-the-vernier-scale-b-om30y5jl.png Figure 1. a) Interpolation principle of the Vernier scale; b) The regular distribution of dots with respect to the 2D pixel frame can be seen as a generalization of the Vernier scale for subpixel interpolation in position measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-regular-distribution-of-dots-following-a-square-1kwnaxyf.png Figure 2. a) Regular distribution of dots following a square design. b) Corresponding Fourier spectrum; c) Regular distribution of dots following a hexagonal design. The alteration introduced breaks symmetry for avoiding orientation ambiguities. d) Corresponding Fourier spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-left-evolution-of-a-contrast-parameter-while-the-1keiqosv.png Figure 8. Left: Evolution of a contrast parameter while the pseudo-periodic pattern is scanned through focus. Black squares indicate the interval in which position retrieval works. Right: Extreme images leading to correct position identification compared to the best focus image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a1-3-spatial-frequency-band-extracted-from-fourier-1voi4gu8.png Figure 3. a1-3) Spatial frequency band extracted from Fourier spectrum for reconstruction of one-directional stripes. b1-3) One-directional stripes obtained by inverse Fourier transform of filtered spectrum a1-3). c1-3) Wrapped phase corresponding to stripes b1-3). d1-3) Unwrapped phase over a central region of the pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-test-pattern-reconstructed-with-period-and-30c1rl5w.png Figure 4. a) Test pattern reconstructed with period and orientation retrieved from previous steps; b) Result of correlation between initial image and test pattern of a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-angle-retrieval-performances-of-1ltas5px.png Figure 5. Comparison of angle retrieval performances of square and hexagonal designs with almost the same number of dots. Results obtained by simulation by introducing random noise with a rms. value of one gray level. https://scispace.com/papers/pseudo-haptic-feedback-can-isometric-input-devices-simulate-58ppv00sgm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-weber-fraction-for-compliance-discrimination-of-vir-820wt7du.png Figure 5. Weber fraction for compliance discrimination of vir tual springs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-overview-of-the-experimental-set-up-35zthy4l.png Figure 6. Overview of the experimental set up https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-psyc-hometric-functions-1nyfexzt.png Figure 7. Psyc hometric functions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-pse-variation-xqwj74ad.png Figure 9. PSE variation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-swamp-experiment-cube-crossing-a-slo-wing-down-area-3jexzlrz.png Figure 1. Swamp experiment: cube crossing a slo wing down area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-thumb-displacement-perceived-3cparch1.png Figure 11. Thumb displacement perceived https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-modified-isometric-device-1nfvjtks.png Figure 4. “Modified” isometric device https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-visual-displa-y-of-a-vir-tual-spring-3g69bfn1.png Figure 3. Visual displa y of a vir tual spring https://scispace.com/papers/pseudocomplemented-semilattices-are-finite-to-finite-1qmmh5rzyz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-g-v-e-1xlt1r45.png Figure 1. G = (V;E) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-g0-v0-e0-3kw6js3t.png Figure 2. G0 = (V0;E0) https://scispace.com/papers/pseudocritical-and-precritical-states-in-brain-dynamics-4lsakj9njl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-starting-from-the-upper-left-and-going-clockwise-the-2b3bu8cb.png FIG. 3. (a) Starting from the upper left and going clockwise, the TWCBM undergoes states of low activity, subcriticality, (pseudo)criticality and supercriticality. These distributions suggest that weak external stimuli cannot effectively activate the network and the dynamics is driven to the criticality only by stimuli sufficiently strong. (b) Weak stimuli can effectively activate a CBM close to criticality (upper) and significant finite size effect (the arch denoting large avalanches) suggests that the network can be easily blown up by relatively strong stimuli (lower). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-only-above-a-certain-ps-the-activity-starts-to-2nkpq1zp.png FIG. 4. (a) Only above a certain ps the activity starts to increase rapidly, which is consistent with the susceptibility peak at finite ps in (b). (c) The χ(κ) dependence does not necessarily have a peak for dynamics in the pseudocritical regime. For comparison, the insets present corresponding properties of a nearly critical CBM. (d) If the preprocessing to precritical states is not more efficient than ensuing activation of neurons, non-power law distribution of avalanche size results as large scale precritical states are unlikely to be formed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-a-quasicriticality-and-b-1fwphmjb.png FIG. 1. Illustration of (a) quasicriticality and (b) pseudocriticality. (a) Close to the critical point (red dot), a Widome line can be defined according to the position of susceptibility peaks until an upper bound where a susceptibility peak is not well defined; here ps, κ, χ denote frequency of external drive, branching ratio and susceptibility which will be introduced soon. (b) Under the strong external drive approximation of our proposed model, divergent susceptibility is available along a line extending from the critical point. Following a region where external stimuli (dotted red) are too weak to effectively cause neural activities, a regime around the line bears scale-free dynamics (dotted green). Because the critical point at ps = 0 is inferred from strong external drive approximation, it is a pseudo one. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-neuronal-dynamics-of-the-cbm-and-twcbm-378jxmn0.png FIG. 2. Comparison of neuronal dynamics of the CBM and TWCBM. In addition to the refractory states, prespiking states are introduced to model the membrane potential; instead of transition from the quiescent state to the first refractory state, the spiking criterion changes to the passing across the highest prespiking state (m0) and arriving at the first refractory state. The relaxation of membrane potential (blue arrow) constitutes a pathway of returning to the quiescence other than the refractory pathway (black arrow). https://scispace.com/papers/pseudokarst-and-speleothems-in-the-chihuido-granite-province-25e3t1n3cu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-summit-sectors-of-the-dyke-where-rock-shelters-are-1bo5xil5.png Fig. 3 Summit sectors of the dyke where rock shelters are found showing development of tafoni of a smaller size https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-panoramic-view-of-the-paleosurface-b-fluvial-valley-hkh9ebqw.png Fig. 2 (a) Panoramic view of the paleosurface. (b) Fluvial valley buried by the Malargüe Ignimbrite (Quaternary). (c) Details of the ignimbrite mantle covering the paleolandscape (the arrow shows the bottom of the valley) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-superficial-view-of-rounded-landforms-covered-by-2v0z0134.png Fig. 10 (a) Superficial view of rounded landforms covered by gypsum crystals. (b) Details of a cavity developed over the rounded shapes. (c) Crystallization of gypsum with tendency to formation of rose-like shaped structures. (d) Inner sector of opal A with tubes/channels and compact gypsum. Semi-quantitative analysis: (1) an external and compact zone of the mammillary texture sample: the high values of S and Ca correspond to the gypsum crystals; (2) of the inner zone of the sample with continuous opal covering, with important presence of Si and, in lower proportion Al and Mg due to its lower mobility https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-features-of-spheroidal-weathering-rounded-nuclei-of-23s3nlpi.png Fig. 4 Features of spheroidal weathering, rounded nuclei of fresher rock surrounded by thin concentric layers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tafoni-developed-at-the-base-of-isolated-boulders-3iqsef98.png Fig. 5 Tafoni developed at the base of isolated boulders limited by orthogonal joint systems https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-localization-of-the-dyke-in-cerro-chihuido-south-of-vdfao2mv.png Fig. 1 Localization of the dyke in Cerro Chihuido, south of Malargüe, Province of Mendoza, Argentina, 69ı 340 W and 35ı 350 – 35ı 37 S https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-alignment-of-smaller-tafoni-related-to-joint-systems-2po26k10.png Fig. 6 (a) Alignment of smaller tafoni related to joint systems. Red arrows indicate aligned tafoni along joint planes. Light blue circles depict tafoni of greater size. The black arrow indicates an aplitic dyke. (b) Details of tafoni related to joints https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-in-the-upper-topographic-levels-of-the-dyke-weathering-38equhl5.png Fig. 7 In the upper topographic levels of the dyke, weathering gnammas developed on horizontal surfaces are identified. (a) Cavities with diameter over 1 m and a depth of 0.60 m. (b) Details of the granitic debris in the inner part as products of rock degradation https://scispace.com/papers/pseudomonas-can-prevent-the-parasitic-fungus-while-keeping-46ja4qpaxy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3rm2vq2t.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2irc63z5.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-m5r2qdsc.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3lx96ie2.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/papers/pseudomonas-mrna-2-0-boosting-gene-expression-through-1z1c6h0lkl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pairwise-fold-changes-of-specific-fluorescence-2uhjvag3.png TABLE 2 | Pairwise fold-changes of specific fluorescence (fluorescence per g cell dry weight) between the optimized and traditional gene expression cassettes calculated as described by Clifton et al. (2018). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-strains-used-in-this-study-2phj4fy1.png TABLE 1 | Strains used in this study. https://scispace.com/papers/pseudotitles-in-bahamian-english-a-case-of-americanization-1f4lcox67s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pseudotitles-versus-appositives-in-british-american-2zmto6n2.png Figure 2. Pseudotitles versus Appositives in British, American (Meyer 2002b:157), and Bahamian Newspapers, per 20,000 Words. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-factors-influencing-the-use-of-pseudotitles-versus-2fgjmmx7.png Table 4. Factors Influencing the Use of Pseudotitles versus Appositives in Bahamian Newspapers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pseudotitles-in-british-american-meyer-2002b-162-xudq9ol2.png Figure 1. Pseudotitles in British, American (Meyer 2002b:162), and Bahamian Newspapers, per 20,000 Words. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-short-one-to-four-words-versus-long-pseudotitles-30v4cugk.png Figure 3. Short (One to Four Words) versus Long Pseudotitles (Five or More Words) in British, American (Meyer 2002b:162), and Bahamian Newspapers, per 20,000 Words. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nouns-occurring-in-both-title-and-pseudotitle-3rltgafc.png Table 1. Nouns Occurring in Both Title and Pseudotitle Function in Bahamian Press Texts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-preposed-versus-postposed-appositives-and-their-3il25xzy.png Figure 4. Preposed versus Postposed Appositives and Their Relationships with Pseudotitles in Bahamian Newspapers, per 20,000 Words. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-criteria-for-distinguishing-between-titles-2ysa0y1w.png Table 2. Criteria for Distinguishing between Titles, Pseudotitles, and Appositives. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pseudotitles-by-length-in-four-bahamian-newspapers-3u7kz6c8.png Table 3. Pseudotitles by Length in Four Bahamian Newspapers, Raw Frequencies. https://scispace.com/papers/pseudounitary-operators-and-pseudounitary-quantum-dynamics-4g8svmb45h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-operatorshd-andh-for-d5d1-d2-d3-cuuv3oaw.png TABLE I. OperatorsHD andh for D5D1 , D2 , D3 . https://scispace.com/papers/psr-j1840-1419-a-very-cool-neutron-star-442qqydbhf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-first-three-plots-show-the-temperature-limit-i-vs13hsvr.png Figure 1. The first three plots show the temperature limit (i.e., which produces the observed count rate limit for an assumed blackbody model) as a function of the assumed emitting radius for the Chandra observation of PSR J1840−1419 (10 ks) and the XMM-Newton observations of PSRs J1814−1744 (6 ks) and J1847−0130 (17 ks). The points are fit with a simple power law of the form T10(R10)α . In each case the middle curve is for the nominal dispersion-measure-derived distance. The cooler and hotter curves are for “worst-case” distance errors of a factor of 2 (Cordes & Lazio 2002). For clarity of presentation, we show here only the curves for the nominal NH values quoted in Table 1. The fourth plot shows all known temperature values as a function of characteristic age. Sources with inferred magnetic field strengths 1013 G are marked in blue, whereas those with lower values are marked in black. The open circles denote the upper limits. The three upper limit presented in this paper are marked with large circles for clarity. Note that the symbols for PSRs J1814−1744 and J1847−0130 are largely overlapping as their ages and derived limits are very similar. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measured-and-derived-properties-and-limits-for-three-1zu4yxjr.png Table 1 Measured and Derived Properties and Limits for Three Pulsars https://scispace.com/papers/psychiatric-disorders-in-preschoolers-the-structure-of-dsm-44wel9eeva 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-mean-number-of-symptoms-from-seven-psychiatric-1s8oworf.png Figure 1. The mean number of symptoms from seven psychiatric syndromes across six groups of preschoolers https://scispace.com/papers/psychiatric-symptoms-related-to-the-covid-19-pandemic-mxtjefh5ow 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-cumulative-incidence-of-covid-19-pandemic-bocy0zx9.png Figure 1. The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 pandemic-related psychopathology among patients with mental disorders in the Central Denmark Region. https://scispace.com/papers/psychological-career-resources-career-adaptability-and-30pz6mflr9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-final-structural-model-3-linking-the-psychological-29r1j0sf.png Figure 1. Final Structural model (3) linking the psychological career meta-capacities construct variables to the retention-related dispositions construct variable job-embedded fit. Note: All standardized path cooefficent estimates *** p = .001. Squared multiole correlations (R2) shown in brackets https://scispace.com/papers/psychological-functioning-and-quality-of-life-in-patients-58smfi9yls 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-characteristics-of-the-study-39qqldr2.png Table 1. Comparison of the characteristics of the study sample, Weibo users and the total Chinese population as regards gender, education and age. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-factor-analysis-maximum-likelihood-2gi8iutr.png Table 2. Results of factor analysis (maximum likelihood extraction, Promax rotation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-citizen-use-of-government-weibo-by-topic-area-1whahm7d.png Figure 1. Citizen use of government Weibo, by topic area. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-results-on-behavioural-intention-rs3m5ciu.png Table 4. Regression results on behavioural intention. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reliability-means-standard-deviations-and-bivariate-3bagq7sx.png Table 3. Reliability, means, standard deviations and bivariate correlations of the variables. https://scispace.com/papers/psychological-experiments-and-phenomenal-experience-in-size-a449kcjryz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-perceived-shape-as-a-function-of-viewing-condition-24mijrfs.png Figure 1. Perceived shape as a function of viewing condition (nomask for ca. 0.15 s; masked for various interstimulus intervals or ISIs) for two sets of projectively equivalent ellipses under apparent viewing instructions. As the interval between mask and stimulus decreased, constancy degraded, as expected. Slant judgments also degraded with shorter intervals, as expected (but were less accurate). From Epstein, Hatfield, and Muise (1977), © American Psychological Association, reprinted with permission. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diagram-a-illustrates-that-objects-of-different-3kqq3nj8.png Figure 3. Diagram (a) illustrates that objects of different sizes can be placed at distances so that they project an equal visual angle. If distance is correctly perceived, then the size–distance invariance hypothesis predicts that size is correctly perceived. If object B were perceived to be at the distance of object A, then the hypothesized relation predicts that it would appear with size A. Diagram (b) illustrates that objects of different sizes at the same distance project different visual angles, the larger object projecting the larger angle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shapes-in-a-are-a-set-of-ellipses-that-are-2ral6te6.png Figure 2. Shapes in (a) are a set of ellipses that are projectively equivalent when the longer ones are increasingly rotated (by a specified amount). Shapes in (b), if assumed to be rectangles, illustrate the fact that a unique shape is associated with the slant of a rectangle away from the frontal plane. If the figure is not known to be a rectangle, then the projective shape is consistent with a variety of trapezoids. https://scispace.com/papers/psychological-factors-of-impulsive-savings-traits-survey-2byt6xv2bz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-moderating-effects-of-impulsivity-3n2lbl8q.png Table 5 The moderating effects of Impulsivity https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-estimations-of-structural-equation-model-pls-38nvjjnp.png Table 7 Estimations of structural equation model (PLS) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-research-framework-1k9s8axk.png Figure 1 The research framework https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-findings-of-aggressiveness-and-savings-traits-142w1fxo.png Table 4 Findings of aggressiveness and savings traits https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-estimations-of-structural-equation-model-pls-synxdohb.png Table 7 Estimations of structural equation model (PLS) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-of-paired-t-test-2kze6zox.png Table 6 Results of paired t-test https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-respondents-by-country-1657wscd.png Table 1 Respondents by country https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-matrix-results-continued-2qrsq1pb.png Table 2 Correlation matrix results (continued) https://scispace.com/papers/psychological-interventions-for-post-traumatic-stress-1ibgtdqxhs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-study-characteristics-related-to-sure-and-cochranes-14v2u0lf.png Table 2. Study characteristics related to SURE and Cochrane’s risk of bias criteria. (Cochrane criteria within border) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prisma-flow-diagram-of-search-methodology-1y9rvg05.png Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram of search methodology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-forest-plot-of-comparison-trauma-focused-1pfwdxmh.png Figure 3. Forest plot of comparison: trauma-focused psychotherapy vs active control, main outcome: PTSD symptoms at 0 to 4 months https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-forest-plot-of-comparison-trauma-focused-1sgpce4p.png Figure 2. Forest plot of comparison: trauma-focused psychotherapy vs inactive control, main outcome: PTSD severity at 0 to 4 months https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-included-randomised-controlled-1lj3l8ag.png Table 1. Characteristics of included randomised controlled trials https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-efficacy-of-experimental-intervention-versus-2dxeqt8u.png Table 3. Efficacy of experimental intervention versus inactive and active controls for PTSD severity with GRADE judgments of evidence quality. https://scispace.com/papers/psychological-predictors-of-opportunistic-snacking-in-the-549ypt60qz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-linear-regression-model-predicting-opportunistically-1gpdru00.png Table 2: Linear regression model predicting opportunistically initiated snack intake. 422 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-standard-deviation-values-and-t-tests-between-8lu9p1lu.png Table 1: Mean (standard deviation) values and t-tests between participants who initiated vs. did 417 https://scispace.com/papers/psychological-sequelae-of-colonic-resections-17hl5ssfkq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-patients-with-and-without-15zd42fu.png Table 2. Comparison of patients with and without psychological sequelae https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-risk-factors-on-logistic-regression-31czm3dp.png Table 3. Risk factors on logistic regression https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-respondents-and-non-respondents-2r5c9mcm.png Table 1. Comparison of respondents and non-respondents https://scispace.com/papers/psychological-situations-illuminate-the-meaning-of-human-3mlljh5g33 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-ratings-of-situations-amenable-to-intermediary-2u2yb98w.png FIGURE 1 (a) Ratings of situations amenable to intermediary, conciliatory and divisive brokering on the CAPTION dimensions of situational characteristics. (b) Ratings of situations amenable to intermediary, conciliatory, and divisive brokering on the DIAMONDS dimensions of situational characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-excerpts-from-essays-written-by-participants-who-rso4ozca.png TABLE 1 Excerpts from essays written by participants who recalled acting as intermediaries, conciliators, or dividers (Halevy et al., 2018; online supporting materials) https://scispace.com/papers/psychological-type-and-prayer-preferences-a-study-among-3mtzeeqqrm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-correlations-between-prayer-preferences-and-2z0n27az.png Table 6: Correlations between prayer preferences and psychological type https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-type-distribution-for-kts-n-1476-1-of-n-2yhkc97y.png Table 1. Type Distribution for KTS N = 1,476 + = 1% of N https://scispace.com/papers/psychological-well-being-and-restorative-biological-52bxmarnev 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-linear-mixed-models-showing-change-in-hdl-c-over-1img5np3.png Table 3. Linear mixed models showing change in HDL-C over time, using psychological well-being as a tertiled categorical variable. Values are β (95% confidence interval) (N=4,756). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graph-of-mean-high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol-1qqx0m6t.png Figure 1. Graph of mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) over time by baseline (Wave 2) tertile of psychological well-being (PWB) in the analytic sample (N=4,756). Error bars denote the standard error. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-linear-mixed-models-showing-change-in-hdl-c-over-2nmwm5f7.png Table 2. Linear mixed models showing change in HDL-C over time, using psychological well-being as a continuous variable. Values are β (95% confidence interval). All covariates are obtained at Wave 2 unless otherwise indicated (N=4,756). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-wave-2-covariates-by-tertiles-of-10kzewjw.png Table 1. Baseline (Wave 2) covariates by tertiles of psychological well-being in the largest analytic sample. Values are either mean (SD) or N (%). N=4,757 https://scispace.com/papers/psychology-students-perception-of-and-engagement-with-pf4uhoqdps 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rotated-factor-loadings-and-communalities-based-on-a-2q2v80he.png Table 1 Rotated factor loadings and communalities based on a principle components analysis with oblimin rotation (N = 452) https://scispace.com/papers/psychopathological-symptoms-social-skills-and-personality-3xemwhfqdn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pearson-correlation-coefficients-among-kes0a2in.png Table 1 Pearson Correlation Coefficients among Psychopathological Symptoms, Cooperation, and Social Skills https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-linear-multiple-regression-analysis-for-predictor-30z2yjw5.png Table 4 Linear Multiple Regression Analysis for Predictor Variables of Psychopathological Symptoms https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pearson-correlation-coefficients-among-pyore2pf.png Table 3 Pearson Correlation Coefficients among Psychopathological Symptoms Psychopathological Indexes, and Personality Traits https://scispace.com/papers/psychometric-properties-of-the-brazilian-version-of-the-4xf8tmu5d6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-30jsuw91.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-uj3w3a3x.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/papers/psychometric-properties-of-the-world-health-organization-295zizn0cg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-participants-2jusao4n.png Table 1 Characteristics of the participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multiple-regressions-of-the-four-domains-of-qol-on-390oqzrp.png Table 3 Multiple regressions of the four - domains of QOL on overall QOL and health satisfaction Domains B (slope) SE β Partial correlation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptives-internal-consistency-and-pearsons-6rbobbns.png Table 2 Descriptives, internal consistency, and Pearson’s correlations between the WHOQOL-BREF, WHODAS 2.0, WHOQOL-DIS, and WHOQOL-OLD domains and total scores https://scispace.com/papers/psychosocial-adjustment-to-mild-cognitive-impairment-the-2y7cxn18lf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conditional-process-analysis-anxiety-models-1vmou2av.png Figure 1: Conditional process analysis – anxiety models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-conditional-process-analysis-depression-models-33cpjbyn.png Figure 2: Conditional process analysis – depression models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-conditional-process-analysis-quality-of-life-models-y90whvny.png Figure 3: Conditional process analysis – quality of life models https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-linear-regression-for-prediction-of-depression-36s9dsqf.png Table 3: Linear regression for prediction of depression, anxiety and quality of life https://scispace.com/papers/psychophysiological-effects-of-massage-myofascial-release-49gcdcwrzi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-massage-myofascial-induction-protocol-3qd3zu91.png TABLE 1. MASSAGE-MYOFASCIAL INDUCTION PROTOCOL https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-of-participants-1k4302it.png FIG. 1. Flow of participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-profile-of-mood-state-poms-and-ctlmfx5i.png TABLE 3. COMPARISON OF PROFILE OF MOOD STATE (POMS) AND ALGOMETRY OF MASSETER FOR GROUPS AT DIFFERENT MOMENTS DURING STUDYa https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-semg-between-groups-at-different-study-1vdok1to.png TABLE 2. COMPARISON OF SEMG BETWEEN GROUPS AT DIFFERENT STUDY TIME POINTSa https://scispace.com/papers/psychosocial-distress-as-a-factor-in-patients-with-cancer-4fb44l6t5k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-study-results-themes-and-patient-quotations-3gtmf2sa.png Table 2. Study Results: Themes and Patient Quotations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-geographic-look-at-breaking-bad-news-to-patients-10y0uobw.png Table 1. Geographic Look at Breaking Bad News to Patients With Cancer https://scispace.com/papers/psychosocial-functioning-of-adolescents-with-idiopathic-49154g46ss 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-anthropometric-and-demographic-characteristics-at-dvwyzi4c.png Table 1. Anthropometric and demographic characteristics at baseline of girls and boys with idiopathic short stature (ISS) or born small for gestational age (SGA) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-predictors-ses-of-outcomes-of-adolescents-self-3mnucopw.png Table 4. Predictors (SEs) of outcomes of adolescents’ self-reports https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-predictors-ses-of-outcomes-of-parental-reports-xaxl8eyp.png Table 3. Predictors (SEs) of outcomes of parental reports https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parental-reports-of-height-related-psychosocial-1my5rgsq.png Table 2. Parental reports of height-related psychosocial stressors of adolescents in the treatment and control groups at baseline and after 1, 2 and 3 years of treatment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scholastic-competence-athletic-competence-and-trait-37upianf.png Fig. 1. Scholastic competence, athletic competence, and trait anxiety scores of the treatment and control groups at baseline and 1, 2, and 3 years after the start of the intervention. The scores are deviations from the mean of the norm group in SD units. https://scispace.com/papers/psychosocial-and-contextual-determinants-of-health-among-1wqryuiefp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-between-uk-and-pakistani-samples-23v96t7s.png Table 1 Comparison between UK and Pakistani Samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-significant-multivariate-correlates-of-general-2pj052h5.png Table 3 Significant Multivariate Correlates of General Health of Infertile Women https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-study-variables-for-uk-sample-n-hj4aqp22.png Table 2 Correlations between Study Variables for UK Sample (n= 148; above diagonal) and Pakistani Sample (n= 164; below diagonal) https://scispace.com/papers/psychotropic-drug-use-in-a-group-of-dutch-nursing-home-3y66n2u9pe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-patients-treated-with-neuroleptics-3glsgajk.png Table 2 Number of patients treated with neuroleptics, benzodiazepines, and antidepressants, parallel prescriptions* and median duration of exposure expressed in days https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentage-of-patients-showing-side-effects-of-4xf6j7cb.png Table 3 Percentage of patients showing side-effects of antidepressants (n = 556), neuroleptics (n = 457), https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-drug-time-patterns-n-3090-mean-duration-of-1yh0vaxl.png Table 1 Number of drug-time patterns (n = 3090), mean duration of exposure, mean daily dose and https://scispace.com/papers/pt-algan-gan-hemt-sensor-layout-optimization-for-enhancement-4inw1mp4a8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-hemt-sensor-used-in-20xz8qn6.png Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the HEMT-sensor used in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hemt-sensor-sensitivity-and-sensing-current-variation-2s5a6jij.png Fig. 4. HEMT-sensor sensitivity and sensing current variation dependency on gate electrode Wg/Lg ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-drain-current-versus-drain-source-voltage-3fmhm3w3.png Fig. 3. Drain current versus drain-source voltage characteristics of HEMTsensors with Wg/Lg<1 (a) and Wg/Lg>1 (b) upon exposure to H2 gas in air. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fabricated-hemt-sensors-with-wg-lg-0-25-a-and-wg-lg-10-19mkke8b.png Fig. 2. Fabricated HEMT sensors with Wg/Lg=0.25 (a) and Wg/Lg=10 (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-transient-response-of-hemt-sensors-with-wg-lg-1-a-and-3pkvtmtd.png Fig. 5. Transient response of HEMT sensors with Wg/Lg<1 (a) and Wg/Lg>1 (b) to various H2 gas concentrations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-transient-parameters-of-the-studied-sensor-layouts-26ukhjyj.png TABLE I. TRANSIENT PARAMETERS OF THE STUDIED SENSOR LAYOUTS. https://scispace.com/papers/pubertal-development-in-hiv-infected-african-children-on-rgleb1vanz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-impact-of-height-bmi-for-age-z-scores-at-art-79vvc9rk.png Fig. 3. Impact of height/BMI-for-age Z-scores at ART initiation and change in height/BMI-for-age during the first 6 months on ART on age on reaching each Tanner stage and menarche (interval regression). Tanner staging of genitalia (G1¼pre-pubertal to G5¼ adult) in males or breasts (B1 to B5) in females; M, menarche. Z-score effects are per unit higher; CD4þ effects per 100 cells/ ml higher. Confidence intervals (CIs) for impact of change in height-for-age on age at reaching G5 and menarche truncated at 1.5. See Figure 2 for the effect of age at ART initiation. For point estimates and values within a 95% CI below the line at y¼0, one unit higher value lowers the age at which the Tanner stage is attained. For point estimates and values within a 95% CI above the line at y¼0, one unit higher value raises the age at which the Tanner stage is attained. ART, antiretroviral therapy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dependence-of-growth-on-tanner-staging-and-age-at-19ldmy8w.png Fig. 4. Dependence of growth on Tanner staging and age at antiretroviral therapy initiation in comparison to WHO growth standards. Each solid coloured line indicates the estimated height at ART initiation, and subsequent growth for a child aged 8, 10 or 12 years at ART initiation, in comparison with WHO standards (grey lines). Vertical lines indicate the expected age at each Tanner transitions for these ages at ART initiation (estimated at reference categories for other significant predictors as per Figure 2, i.e. for a Zimbabwean child with height and BMI-for-age 2 and 1 at ART initiation, and 2 and 0.7 six months after ART initiation; and 250 cells/ml increase in CD4þ during the first 6 months on ART). Growth predictions assume linear growth in between these transitions (as per multilevel models; see Methods section). ART, antiretroviral therapy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-age-on-reaching-each-tanner-stage-and-menarche-3qhn5vnk.png Table 1. Age on reaching each Tanner stage and menarche. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-of-tanner-staging-by-age-and-sex-1br3zr7e.png Fig. 1. Distribution of Tanner staging by age and sex. Including closest to mid-point measurement per child in each age range. ( ) 1¼ pre-pubertal to 5¼ adult. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-impact-of-age-at-antiretroviral-therapy-initiation-on-2w27cb0i.png Fig. 2. Impact of age at antiretroviral therapy initiation on age on reaching each Tanner stage and menarche (interval regression). ( ) Absolute age at reaching different Tanner stages is presented at the reference category (mode or approximate median) for other significant predictors (see Supplementary Table 3 for full models, http://links.lww.com/QAD/A640), specifically for a Zimbabwean child with height and BMI-for-age 2 and 1 at ART initiation, and 2 and 0.7 six months after ART initiation; and 250 cells/ml increase in CD4þ during the first 6 months on ART. The effect of age at ART initiation (slope of line) does not depend on these factors, but the absolute age does. Tanner staging of genitalia (G1¼pre-pubertal to G5¼ adult) in males or breasts (B1 to B5) in females. Grey lines indicate overall mean/median age on reaching each Tanner stage and menarche in Black American US children when available (no data for G3–G5 in girls). ART, antiretroviral therapy. https://scispace.com/papers/public-administrators-in-interactive-democracy-a-multi-3sonusxw2n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-survey-data-illuminating-role-perceptions-3rcj47nb.png Table 3: Survey data illuminating role perceptions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-conceptual-framework-for-studying-coping-strategies-8sexepcq.png Table 2: Conceptual framework for studying coping strategies https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-coping-strategies-among-public-administrators-in-8ghmwz7l.png Table 4: Coping strategies among public administrators in Gentofte and Svelvik https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-paradigmatic-roles-for-public-administrators-in-3qwl1x0n.png Table 1. Paradigmatic roles for public administrators in interactive democracy The OPA paradigm defines public administrators as Policy Advisors who possess the state-of-the-art policy knowledge needed to consider and choose between relevant policy alternatives (Polsby 1984). Policy Advisors aim to assure that policy-makers make legally and scientifically correct decisions by providing them with knowledge and knowhow. Their intra-paradigmatic role dilemma is that, while a lot of information and advice creates a solid foundation for political decision-making, it also tends to limit the space for policymaking (Maasen and Weingart 2006; Svara 2001). Applied to a context of interactive democracy, the role of public administrators is to provide not only politicians but also citizens with the insights they need to engage in a qualified political debate about the character of a specific policy problem and the viability and attractiveness of different policy solutions. The dilemma for Policy Advisors is how to channel professional https://scispace.com/papers/ptf1-j191905-19-481506-2-a-partially-eclipsing-am-cvn-system-224hzi6g92 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-light-curve-of-ptf1j1919-4815-taken-using-the-2wbdqcv2.png Figure 4. Light curve of PTF1J1919+4815 taken using the CHIMERA instrument on 2013 April 4. The high time resolution (5 s exposures and effectively no dead time between exposures) resolves many features of the photometric variability; prominent features are labeled. PTF1J1919+4815 was in outburst at the time of observation, and thus shows a superhump structure as well as the eclipse of the disk. The increased scatter towards the end of the observations is due to the brightening sky. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-high-cadence-light-curve-of-ptf1j1919-4815-observed-1gtj83zj.png Figure 5. High-cadence light curve of PTF1J1919+4815 observed by the Lick 3 m on 2012 May 16. The top panel is the light curve, the bottom left panel is a periodogram of the light curve, and the bottom right panel is the light curve folded on the orbital period proposed in Section 3.1.3. The eclipse is at a phase of 0.0 using the ephemeris calculated in the same section. The eclipse is clearly visible in the data presented here. It is unknown whether the variability is due to superhumps or the hot spot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-high-cadence-light-curve-of-ptf1j1919-4815-observed-2icw4t20.png Figure 6. High-cadence light curve of PTF1J1919+4815 observed by the Lick 3 m. This light curve is from 2012 July 20. The top panel is the light curve, the bottom left panel is a periodogram generated from the light curve, and the bottom right panel is the light curve phased-binned at the orbital period proposed in Section 3.1.3. The eclipse is at a phase of 0.0 using the ephemeris calculated in the same section. This light curve was taken while the system was in quiescence, and shows the quiescent variability seen in other systems and believed to be directly related to the orbital period (Levitan et al. 2011). The data from 2012 July 18 and 19 are similar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-median-spectra-from-three-nights-2012-june-13-2012-3htk2prh.png Figure 10. Median spectra from three nights: 2012 June 13, 2012 August 28, and 2012 June 13, arranged in this order from top to bottom. The flux of the first two spectra is shifted, respectively, 0.4 and 0.2 upwards from their normalizations. The most prominent He emission lines are shown. The first spectrum is of the system in quiescence and shows the He emission lines that AM CVns are known for. The other spectra are from the outburst state—in particular, the second spectrum shows few features and is from the initial rise to outburst, while the third spectrum is from the plateau phase and shows the absorption line features that have been observed for other systems in outburst. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-system-properties-2waieymw.png Table 3 System Properties https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-selected-observations-3p9uwpfn.png Table 1 Details of Selected Observations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-classification-spectrum-of-ptf1j1919-4815-obtained-199c3vu8.png Figure 1. Classification spectrum of PTF1J1919+4815 obtained using the DBSP instrument on the Palomar 200′′. Significant lines are identified. The absence of Balmer-series lines and the presence of He lines indicated that this was a likely AM CVn system. In contrast with the quiescent spectra of AM CVn systems, very few He i lines show significant emission, most notably He i λ5875, while He ii λ4686 is very strong with an equivalent width of −11.4 ± 0.8 Å. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-top-the-trailed-folded-spectra-from-2012-june-13-2q8qddqj.png Figure 8. Top: the trailed, folded spectra from 2012 June 13 and 2012 August 16 folded at a period of 22.456 minutes. The He i λλ4387, 4471, 4921, and 5015 lines were used. Unlike other AM CVn systems, no strong S-wave is present. Bottom: Doppler tomogram generated from data taken on 2012 June 13 using the He i λλ3888, 4026, 4921, and 5015 lines and the He ii λ4686 line. Doppler tomograms re-project spectroscopic data into Keplerian-velocity space—all flux from areas moving with the same velocity will be projected onto the same spot on the tomogram. This allows us to look for features such as a hot spot that would be at one velocity. No significant hot spot is seen in this tomogram, unusual for an AM CVn system. https://scispace.com/papers/public-and-institutional-markets-for-esco-services-comparing-5bnyn949wi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-11-uesc-simple-payback-time-2l743whz.png Figure 6-11. UESC Simple Payback Time https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-12-importance-of-non-energy-savings-share-of-savings-2j5mka5g.png Table 5-12. Importance of Non-Energy Savings: Share of Savings* https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-11-importance-of-non-energy-savings-frequency-of-1fgcrmzr.png Table 5-11. Importance of Non-Energy Savings: Frequency of Projects https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-3-project-investment-by-doe-region-gsrv7rmq.png Table 6-3. Project Investment by DOE Region https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-alternative-financing-project-investment-by-time-2tuipu8x.png Figure 6-1. Alternative Financing Project Investment by Time Period https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-6-contract-terms-by-retrofit-strategy-for-federal-13gnu4fw.png Table 5-6. Contract Terms by Retrofit Strategy for Federal and MUSH Projects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-estimated-federal-and-mush-market-activity-1990-10luuq38.png Figure 4-1. Estimated Federal and MUSH Market Activity: 1990-2003 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-public-institutional-markets-for-energy-2g3jrt73.png Figure 2-1. Public/Institutional Markets for Energy-Efficiency Services: Typical Practices https://scispace.com/papers/public-administration-in-ethiopia-case-studies-and-lessons-sn2m7ukzhi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-descriptive-statistics-std-dev-15h817bg.png Figure 5: Descriptive Statistics (Std Dev) https://scispace.com/papers/public-and-open-internet-of-things-for-smart-cities-the-sme-5d55vg47b0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-interview-questions-oqaq1fmj.png TABLE II INTERVIEW QUESTIONS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-key-numbers-of-the-involved-companies-1kni2xr2.png TABLE I KEY NUMBERS OF THE INVOLVED COMPANIES. https://scispace.com/papers/public-attitudes-and-values-for-wetland-conservation-in-new-2p40frh0cf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-results-of-a-question-asking-respondents-next-5-3di7xokf.png Figure 2. Results of a question asking respondents next 5 years on wetland conservation in New which type of wetland (or which wetland value) they South Wales.would rank as (a) ‘least important’ and (b) ‘most The seed value, or suggested starting valueimportant’ if they had to set priorities about that was inserted into each questionnaire’sconservation based on wetland type. willingness-to-pay question, was significantly correlated with willingness-to-pay responses (Spearman rank correlation, P<0·0001, rs= 0·384, N=171), indicating the presence ofhas little influence on willingness-to-pay. Although differences in questionnaire versions, starting point bias. Schulze et al. (1981) and others have also found that starting pointwhich included differences in the type of wetland to be supported by the hypothetical spe- bias influences willingness-to-pay values. As seed values impact willingness-to-pay re-cial levy, did not appear to lead to differences in willingness-to-pay, there was a strong sponses, the use of a single seed value in a questionnaire survey could bias results. Intendency among respondents to favor two of the wetland type categories; when asked to this study, use of a range of randomly generated seed values prevents a systematic biasprioritise wetland types for protection, re- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-responses-to-the-question-what-did-you-consider-38s4eqdh.png Figure 7. (a) Responses to the question ‘What did you consider in deciding how much to pay for wetland conservation?’ (b) Effect of response category on willingness-to-pay, with median, first and third quartiles, and ranges. Open circles represent outliers. Sample sizes are noted for each response category. The Pvalue tests for overall differences in willingness-to-pay between categories (Kruskal-Wallis test). Different letters designate categories with significantly different (P<0·05, pair-wise Kruskal-Wallis tests) willingnessto-pay values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-responses-to-the-question-how-important-is-mauipmwq.png Figure 3. (a) Responses to the question ‘How important is wetland preservation?’ (b) Effect of response category on willingness-to-pay, with median, first and third quartiles, and ranges. ‘Not important’ and ‘Not very important’ were combined for this analysis. Open circles represent outliers. Sample sizes are noted for each response category. The P-value tests for overall differences in willingness-to-pay between categories (Kruskal-Wallis test). Different letters designate categories with significantly different (P<0·05, pair-wise Kruskal-Wallis tests) willingness-to-pay values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-responses-to-the-question-have-laws-protecting-25t6dnlz.png Figure 6. (a) Responses to the question ‘Have laws protecting wetlands gone too far, not far enough, or struck the right balance?’ (b) Effect of response category on willingness-to-pay, with median, first and third quartiles, and ranges. Open circles represent outliers. Sample sizes are noted for each response category. The P-value tests for overall differences in willingness-to-pay between categories (Kruskal-Wallis test). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-stevens-et-al-1995-and-this-study-19bprj1d.png Table 2. Comparison of Stevens et al. (1995) and this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-responses-to-the-question-do-you-think-that-1wrewmls.png Figure 4. (a) Responses to the question ‘Do you think that wetland drainage, filling, or other destruction is a serious problem?’ (b) Effect of response category on willingness-to-pay, with median, first and third quartiles, and ranges. Open circles represent outliers. Sample sizes are noted for each response category. The P-value tests for overall differences in willingness-to-pay between categories (Kruskal-Wallis test). Different letters designate categories with significantly different (P<0·05, pair-wise Kruskal-Wallis tests) willingness-to-pay values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-differences-and-similarities-between-195jw5eb.png Table 1. Summary of differences and similarities between questionnaire versions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-responses-to-the-question-why-would-you-pay-for-mn3h2528.png Figure 8. (a) Responses to the question ‘Why would you pay for wetland conservation?’ (b) Effect of response category on willingness-to-pay, with median, first and third quartiles, and ranges. ‘Personal benefit and pleasure’ and ‘Others might benefit’ were combined into ‘Self or others might benefit’ for this analysis. Open circles represent outliers. Sample sizes are noted for each response category. The P-value tests for overall differences in willingness-to-pay between categories (Kruskal-Wallis test). https://scispace.com/papers/public-business-services-fostering-growth-case-studies-in-3v4bnppeed 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-service-description-of-the-subregions-case-1-34fh1taz.png Table 2 The service description of the subregions (Case 1, Case 2, and Case 3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-business-services-and-development-activities-3j0d1cta.png Table 3 Business services and development activities provided for early-stage technology intensive companies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-research-process-of-this-study-modified-from-yin-2pkns84w.png Figure 1 Research process of this study (modified from Yin, 1989) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-interviewees-and-the-organisations-39lydkpc.png Table 1 The interviewees and the organisations https://scispace.com/papers/public-health-intervention-framework-for-reviving-economy-2kd2z3rujg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shows-a-transmission-network-from-patient-zero-to-1wiowfqb.png Figure 3 shows a transmission network from patient zero, to the first https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hypothetical-models-r0-2-for-ebola-and-r0-4-for-22imdy9c.png Figure 1. Hypothetical models, R0=2 for Ebola and R0=4 for Sars (From https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-covid-19-virus-can-transmit-from-person-to-14jc3plw.png Figure 2. the COVID-19 virus can transmit from person to person in https://scispace.com/papers/public-health-in-developing-countries-4ntwvm1d07 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-final-wide-wheel-design-hxq56yul.png Figure 14. Final wide wheel design. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-shear-force-diagram-on-the-ratchet-lever-13-3ltpej4j.png Figure 11. Shear force diagram on the ratchet lever [13]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-bending-moment-diagram-13-u6987tmq.png Figure 12. Bending moment diagram [13]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-side-and-top-view-of-sized-design-and-the-sized-sg19pz9b.png Figure 13. Side and top view of sized design, and the sized rear wheel. https://scispace.com/papers/public-librarianship-as-a-career-challenges-and-prospects-e98aaiyv8s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-career-progression-of-public-librarians-3ida2de8.png Figure 1. Career Progression of Public Librarians https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-current-work-settings-of-former-public-librarians-m3cra80v.png Figure 2. Current Work Settings of Former Public Librarians https://scispace.com/papers/public-libraries-contribution-to-sustainable-development-36hqwqdu98 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-model-for-evaluating-public-libraries-contribution-to-wmfub05p.png Fig. 1. Model for Evaluating Public Libraries Contribution to SDGs https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-type-of-effects-of-lis-impact-33nwrnuj.png Table 1. Type of effects of LIS impact https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sdg-mapping-tool-yzt939bj.png Fig. 3. SDG# mapping tool https://scispace.com/papers/public-opinion-and-enlargement-a-gravity-approach-1kf8zbzlmj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-empirical-results-with-country-fixed-effects-1996-47zwx8xq.png Table 5. Empirical Results with Country Fixed-Effects, 1996-2000 (Weighted Least Squares) Panel A. Dyadic (Pair-wise) Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-theoretical-expectations-k4ef0ojx.png Table 1. Theoretical Expectations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-empirical-results-1996-2000-weighted-least-squares-1xa3h22u.png Table 2. Empirical Results, 1996-2000 (Weighted Least Squares) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-empirical-results-with-special-relationships-1996-3tygq9qs.png Table 4. Empirical Results with Special Relationships, 1996-2000 (Weighted Least Squares) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-theoretical-expectations-special-relationships-1gbzjta9.png Table 3. Theoretical Expectations – Special Relationships https://scispace.com/papers/public-opinion-survey-as-a-form-of-public-participation-in-57nf451bfw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-basic-data-on-the-eu-directives-complementary-to-the-2qk5s916.png Table 1. Basic data on the EU directives complementary to the Water Framework Directive https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-the-survey-of-the-irrigation-water-users-30r21461.png Table 2. Results of the survey of the irrigation water users https://scispace.com/papers/public-private-civil-society-partnership-a-gateway-to-1dnepw1jf1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-and-standard-deviation-of-respondents-on-the-1rq43wiz.png Table 1-Mean and standard deviation of respondents on the extent to which PPCSP ensure effective and efficient utilization of funds for execution of projects https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-and-standard-deviation-of-respondents-on-the-21gmbwrn.png Table 2- Mean and standard deviation of respondents on the extent to which PPCSP ensure transparency in the utilization of funds for execution of projects https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-and-standard-deviation-of-respondents-on-the-pg36qiki.png Table 3: Mean and standard deviation of respondents on the extent to which PPCSP ensure accountability in the utilization of funds for execution of projects https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-t-test-analysis-of-the-difference-between-male-and-10057jh7.png Table 8- t-test analysis of the difference between male and female lecturers as regards the extent to which PPCSP can ensure strong commitment to integrity in the utilization of funds for execution of projects https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-and-standard-deviation-of-respondents-on-the-3tyrqcqz.png Table 4: Mean and standard deviation of respondents on the extent to which PPCSP ensure strong commitment to integrity in the utilization of funds for execution of projects https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-t-test-analysis-of-the-difference-between-male-and-2kkcqxhm.png Table 6- t-test analysis of the difference between male and female lecturers as regards the extent to which PPCSP can ensure transparency in the utilization of funds for execution of projects https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-t-test-analysis-of-the-difference-between-male-and-2idb8uoy.png Table 7- t-test analysis of the difference between male and female lecturers as regards the extent to which PPCSP can ensure accountability in the utilization of funds for execution of projects https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-t-test-analysis-of-the-difference-between-male-and-99wpmt1m.png Table 5- t-test analysis of the difference between male and female lecturers as regards the extent to which PPCSP can ensure the effective and efficient utilization of funds for execution of projects https://scispace.com/papers/public-procurement-of-innovation-as-endogenous-exogenous-3dpua1eoxm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-public-procurement-of-innovation-as-facilitation-of-157f15a8.png Fig. 1. Public procurement of innovation as facilitation of endogenous knowledge conversion. https://scispace.com/papers/public-private-partnerships-promise-and-hype-1scbvc8v38 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-e6d3hbxe.png Figure 1: https://scispace.com/papers/public-referenda-and-public-opinion-on-olympic-games-35hlqulr4h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-results-of-the-referendum-on-the-bid-for-the-2yauxtzt.png Figure 1: Results of the Referendum on the Bid for the Olympic Games in Hamburg 2024 (November 29, 2015) https://scispace.com/papers/public-sector-efficiency-evidence-for-latin-america-49k826i8ub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-dea-results-2010-3kljgme3.png Table 7 – DEA results, 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-dea-results-2010-1secrtre.png Table 6 – DEA results, 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-censored-normal-tobit-results-23-countries-143oftu1.png Table 9 – Censored normal Tobit results (23 countries) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-public-expenditure-in-sample-countries-of-gdp-2001-1hzg91co.png Table 1 – Public expenditure in sample countries (% of GDP), 2001-2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-public-sector-performance-psp-indicators-2010-using-2loz1ztw.png Table 3 – Public Sector Performance (PSP) indicators, 2010 (using the literacy rate) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-dea-results-2010-260c8zdk.png Table 5 – DEA results, 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dea-and-non-discretionary-outputs-1iyt2907.png Figure 6 – DEA and non-discretionary outputs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dea-production-possibility-frontier-one-input-one-u02i9ivz.png Figure 2 – DEA production possibility frontier, one input, one output https://scispace.com/papers/public-sector-transformation-via-democratic-governmental-1cd18itg7j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-proposed-operations-of-degea-3jl4n7l2.png Fig. 4. Proposed operations of DeGEA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cyclical-public-sector-contribution-to-the-national-3g1p331t.png Fig. 1. Cyclical public sector contribution to the national economy and society. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-democratic-governmental-intrapreneurship-model-2r0792n7.png Fig. 3. The Democratic Governmental Intrapreneurship Model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-public-sector-knowledge-utilization-preconditions-1795q8x7.png Fig. 2. Public sector knowledge utilization preconditions. https://scispace.com/papers/public-sustainable-energy-requirements-and-innovation-in-uk-khvoviuuwz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-provides-a-brief-outline-of-each-case-study-1hl8sznm.png Table 1 provides a brief outline of each case study, including the location, value, BSF Wave, and the main SEIs implemented. Pseudonyms are used to represent the cases in order to maintain their anonymity. https://scispace.com/papers/public-use-vs-restricted-use-an-analysis-using-the-american-2qpjezisyb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-2005-09-acs-fsrdc-and-acs-pums-cwi-1a8mavub.png Figure 6: Comparison of 2005-09 ACS/FSRDC and ACS/PUMS CWI estimates (left) and standard errors (right), by labor market. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-state-level-standard-error-vs-population-acs-pums-1a4bkbq5.png Figure 4: State-level standard error vs. population: ACS/PUMS data and ACS/FSRDC data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-adjusted-per-pupil-expenditure-acs-pums-data-vs-acs-ehbtkhme.png Figure 5: Adjusted per-pupil expenditure, ACS/PUMS data vs. ACS/FSRDC data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-improved-model-and-limited-model-by-3p3nahr7.png Figure 7: Comparison of improved model and limited model by state (left) and labor market (right), for 2010 CWI, using ACS/FSRDC data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2010-state-level-cwis-calculated-using-acs-pums-jzy6kyff.png Figure 1: 2010 state-level CWIs calculated using ACS/PUMS data (left) and ACS/FSRDC data (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-acs-fsrdc-and-acs-pums-standard-1i5km1st.png Figure 3: Comparison of ACS/FSRDC and ACS/PUMS standard errors, by states (left) and labor markets (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-acs-fsrdc-and-acs-pums-cwis-by-states-2v78n7id.png Figure 2: Comparison of ACS/FSRDC and ACS/PUMS CWIs, by states (left) and labor markets (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variables-used-in-the-cwi-model-22jj6o12.png Table 1: Variables used in the CWI model https://scispace.com/papers/public-versus-private-perceptions-on-hiring-an-external-4x3gvh6mmw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-survey-respondent-organizational-categories-293qeamu.png Table 1: Survey Respondent Organizational Categories https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-firms-used-most-often-to-manage-a-construction-3hvysi8w.png Figure 1: Firms Used Most Often to Manage a Construction Program https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-market-sectors-of-survey-respondents-1l8kh70z.png Table 2: Market Sectors of Survey Respondents https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-trends-in-the-frequency-of-different-types-of-firms-37j0oe61.png Table 5: Trends in the Frequency of Different Types of Firms with Experience in Hiring an External Program Manager https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-experience-in-hiring-an-external-program-manager-gmyzabcn.png Table 7: Experience in Hiring an External Program Manager https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-organizational-models-used-in-hiring-an-external-2ijwrcal.png Figure 2: Organizational Models Used in Hiring an External Program Manager https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-annual-construction-expenditures-for-survey-11o2aoup.png Table 3: Annual Construction Expenditures for Survey Respondents https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-functions-considered-when-hiring-a-program-manager-bxeevnpf.png Table 6: Functions Considered when Hiring a Program Manager https://scispace.com/papers/public-value-creation-in-digital-government-30nfwd1luh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-framework-the-realm-of-public-value-m5zhh0v1.png Figure 1 – Conceptual framework: the realm of public value creation https://scispace.com/papers/publications-german-economic-research-institutes-on-track-1uz12nv8hw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-number-of-pages-weighted-by-institutions-in-ssci-261w9qzf.png Fig. 3 Number of pages weighted by institutions in SSCI publications Market share in % https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-institution-weighted-numbers-of-pages-in-ssci-1ip7xbsb.png Fig. 14 Institution-weighted numbers of pages in SSCI publications weighted with impact factors per full-time equivalent Market share in % https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-institution-weighted-numbers-of-pages-in-ssci-373q7l0v.png Fig. 13 Institution-weighted numbers of pages in SSCI publications weighted with impact factors Market share in % https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-distribution-of-publications-2006-2dnybuiy.png Fig. 16 Distribution of publications 2006 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-distribution-of-publications-2004-3488x7o0.png Fig. 15 Distribution of publications 2004 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-number-of-ssci-publications-per-full-time-equivalent-3hkccis5.png Fig. 5 Number of SSCI publications per full-time equivalent Market share in % https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-number-of-ssci-publications-per-full-time-equivalent-3alg7mq5.png Fig. 6 Number of SSCI publications per full-time equivalent weighted by institutions Market share in % https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-number-of-published-pages-steininger-list-market-share-176g5qex.png Fig. 8 Number of published pages (Steininger list) Market share in % https://scispace.com/papers/publicly-funded-principal-investigators-allocation-of-time-qv4lfig7j6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-impact-of-projects-in-relation-to-impact-criteria-1cooxfst.png Table 10: Impact of projects in relation to impact criteria – Allocation of research time [Mean, n, {standard deviation}] https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-average-number-of-partners-on-selected-project-time-35z8c0u4.png Table 13: Average number of partners on selected project – Time on research [mean, n, {standard deviation}] https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-technology-transfer-strategy-time-on-research-mean-18tod61q.png Table 11: Technology transfer strategy – Time on research [Mean, n, {standard deviation}] https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-technology-transfer-strategy-allocation-of-research-13ou4zt9.png Table 12: Technology transfer strategy – Allocation of research time [Mean, n, {standard deviation}] https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-most-common-dissemination-and-knowledge-transfer-35px7046.png Table 6: Most common dissemination and knowledge transfer activities on selected project [Count, percentage] https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-most-common-dissemination-and-knowledge-transfer-2r90s0sz.png Table 5: Most common dissemination and knowledge transfer activities on selected project – Time on research [Count, percentage] https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-engagement-in-activities-at-the-pre-proposal-stage-3g66yllx.png Table 16: Engagement in activities at the pre-proposal stage of selected project [mean, n, {standard deviation}] https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-engagement-in-activities-at-the-pre-proposal-stage-1rvpczh1.png Table 15: Engagement in activities at the pre-proposal stage of selected project [mean, n, {standard deviation}] https://scispace.com/papers/puccinia-psidii-infecting-cultivated-eucalyptus-and-native-2n2hh8ec5w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-symptoms-of-eucalyptus-rust-on-different-hosts-a-yp73bvqt.png Figure 1. Symptoms of Eucalyptus rust on different hosts. a Young lesions on E. grandis, the pustules are bright orange on young tissue. b Old lesions on E. grandis, grey discoloration on leaves and twigs and dead shoot tip. c,d Pustules on twigs, leaves and petioles of Myrrhinium atropurpureum var. octandrum appear bright orange. Trees also have dead shoot tips. Arrows show areas of dying shoot tips and location of orange urediniospores on infected branches. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-c-light-micrographs-of-teliospores-and-2kuq1bxj.png Figure 2. a–c Light micrographs of teliospores and urediniospores of P. psidii. a Teliospores observed in sample UY895 with most characteristics as previously described by Walker (1983). However, some spores display a pedicel up to 25 μm long. b Germinated teliospore. Black arrows indicate each basidiospore and the white arrow indicates the location where the fourth basidiospore had been ejected. c Urediniospores from sample UY217. d–f Scanning electron micrographs of https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-pathogenicity-tests-performed-on-three-2h7933er.png Table 4. Results of pathogenicity tests performed on three clones of E. globulus and E. grandis as well as S. jambos inoculated with the two rust samples collected from native Myrtaceae trees (UY220 and UY221). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-list-of-sequences-used-in-this-study-including-those-22f1e6gy.png Table 3. List of sequences used in this study, including those for which sequences were obtained from GenBank. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-host-location-and-date-of-collection-of-specimens-jcz3qku7.png Table 2. Host, location and date of collection of specimens analyzed in this study. https://scispace.com/papers/puerarin-blocks-aging-phenotype-in-cultured-human-dermal-1axyucj9za 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primers-used-for-real-time-pcr-402-1cm2estx.png Table 1 Primers used for real-time PCR 402 https://scispace.com/papers/pufferbench-evaluating-and-optimizing-malleability-of-44dntqui4l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-needed-to-commission-nodes-with-a-storage-in-3aw4mut4.png Fig. 4: Time needed to commission nodes, with a storage in memory. Nodes initially host 50 GiB of data on average. Comparison with lower bound. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-needed-to-decommission-nodes-with-storage-on-1xdz5m8i.png Fig. 3: Time needed to decommission nodes, with storage on drive. Nodes initially host 50 GiB of data on average. Comparison with lower bound. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-needed-to-decommission-nodes-with-storage-in-30y54zh0.png Fig. 2: Time needed to decommission nodes, with storage in memory. Nodes initially host 50 GiB of data on average. Comparison with lower bound. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-needed-to-commission-nodes-with-a-storage-on-1a7o0knw.png Fig. 5: Time needed to commission nodes, with a storage on drive. Nodes initially host 50 GiB of data on average. Comparison with lower bound. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-time-needed-to-decommission-nodes-with-a-storage-in-2nliquiv.png Fig. 6: Time needed to decommission nodes, with a storage in memory. Nodes initially host 50 GiB of data on average. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-components-of-pufferbench-and-their-interactions-3kmcsjq4.png Fig. 1: Components of Pufferbench and their interactions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-time-needed-to-commission-nodes-with-storage-in-memory-3slu3n42.png Fig. 8: Time needed to commission nodes, with storage in memory. Nodes initially host 50 GiB of data on average. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-time-needed-to-decommission-nodes-with-storage-on-disk-3hem7jqg.png Fig. 7: Time needed to decommission nodes, with storage on disk. Nodes initially host 50 GiB of data on average. https://scispace.com/papers/pullout-of-metallic-fibres-from-a-ceramic-refractory-matrix-362axsy2gw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-pullout-curves-of-0-38-mm-in-diameter-fibres-after-a-1fq8d8s9.png Fig. 8. Pullout curves of 0.38 mm in diameter fibres after a 500 8C firing treatment and for 20 and 500 8C test temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-high-temperature-pullout-test-opened-furnace-3u9tw0sc.png Fig. 1. High temperature pullout test (opened furnace). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mechanical-properties-of-ceramic-refractory-1y9j0nvl.png Table 2 Mechanical properties of ceramic refractory https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-between-experimental-and-calculated-208hxzsy.png Table 4 Comparison between experimental and calculated values of the extraction load Fextr for a 0.38 mm fibre diameter and a 500 8C test temperature https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pullout-curves-at-20-8c-for-a-0-38-mm-fibre-diameter-3gzmvwgc.png Fig. 2. Pullout curves at 20 8C for a 0.38 mm fibre diameter and for three firing temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dilatometric-behaviour-of-a-microcomposite-during-the-3l51dnmd.png Fig. 6. Dilatometric behaviour of a microcomposite during the first cooling between 500 and 20 8C. The continuous line indicate the dilatometric evolutions as a function of time and the doted line the evolutions of the temperature as a function of time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sem-micrographs-of-the-fibre-surface-after-pullout-32h3degc.png Fig. 7. SEM micrographs of the fibre surface after pullout tests on samples previously fired: (a) at 500 8C (b) at 80 8C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sem-micrographs-of-fibre-matrix-interfaces-after-a-500-vgyd6p7f.png Fig. 4. SEM micrographs of fibre/matrix interfaces after a 500 8C firing treatment. https://scispace.com/papers/pulmonary-hypertension-in-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-3tgonffi0i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prevalence-of-mpap-in-the-2-populations-6pkxv8u5.png Table 2. Prevalence of mPAP in the 2 Populations https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-prevalence-of-mpap-in-the-2-populations-25v3lksp.png Table 3. Prevalence of mPAP in the 2 Populations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-data-q51g2xpb.png Table 1. Demographic Data https://scispace.com/papers/pulsating-ulxs-large-pulsed-fraction-excludes-strong-beaming-45e7wcd7ga 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pulsar-distribution-over-the-luminosity-1pufd2ei.png Figure 3. Pulsar distribution over the luminosity amplification factor a. (a) Different solid curves show the distributions calculated for different ratios H/Rin = 5 (black), 20 (red), 80 (blue). The larger the H/Rin ratio, the larger the maximal possible luminosity amplification. We assumed here n = 2. The dashed curves represent the fractions of the distributions with PF above 10 per cent. We see that only a small fraction of sources show high PF. (b) The distributions given by red solid and black dashed lines are calculated for parameter n = 2 and 4 at fixed H/Rin = 20. Parameter n affects the distributions only slightly. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dependence-of-the-amplification-factor-on-the-2q1w0gm5.png Figure 2. Dependence of the amplification factor on the inclination angle i (see Fig. 1). Different curves are given for different ratios H/Rin = 20 (red solid), 0.5 (dashed black). The larger the ratio H/Rin, the stronger the beaming along the accretion disc axis. The flux in the plane of the accretion flow (i = 90◦) is suppressed due to the eclipsing of the central source by accretion disc. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-average-light-travel-time-in-a-system-solid-89lv59np.png Figure 5. The average light travel time in a system (solid lines) and the standard deviation of the light travel time (dashed lines) as a function of H/Rin. Blue, red and grey lines are given for the case of inner disc radii Rin = 10 8, 107 and 106 cm, respectively. If the spin period of a NS is smaller than the light travel time (colored regions below the solid lines), pulsations from a ULX are undetectable for a given geometry of accretion flow. Horizontal dotted lines represent the observed pulsation periods of four ULX pulsars: NGC 300 ULX1 (Carpano et al. 2018), M82 X-2 (Bachetti et al. 2014, 2020), NGC 5907 ULX1 (Israel et al. 2017a), NGC 7793 P13 (Fürst et al. 2016; Israel et al. 2017b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-illustration-of-the-considered-geometry-x5tf99ir.png Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the considered geometry. The accretion flow from the companion star forms an accretion disc around the central object. The accretion disc plane is close to the orbital plane of the binary system. The accretion flow in the vicinity of the compact object is geometrically thick. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-two-dimensional-distribution-of-sources-over-the-2xjpt87c.png Figure 4. Two-dimensional distribution of sources over the luminosity amplification factor a and the PF. Different panels represent the distribution of the case of different ratios H/Rin = 2, 5, 10, 40 (from top to bottom). The larger ratio H/Rin leads to larger maximal amplification factors and smaller typical PF. https://scispace.com/papers/pulse-compression-and-beam-focusing-with-segmented-2zv06if45m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-streak-image-a-before-and-b-after-the-1l0yj1xk.png Fig. 2. (Color online) Streak image (a) before and (b) after the beam separation of prepulse and postpulse. The vertical axis represents time from 0 (top) to 50 ns (bottom), and the horizontal axis is the space with the full span of detector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematic-view-of-compression-chamber-the-ci9qwzry.png Fig. 1. (Color online) Schematic view of compression chamber. The laser pulse travels, in turn, to mirror 1 (M1), grating 1 (G1), G2/G3 segments, M2, M3, G3/G2, G4, M4, M5, and M6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-typical-compressed-pulse-shape-taken-8nwruxfy.png Fig. 3. (Color online) (a) Typical compressed pulse shape taken with a second-order autocorrelator. The pulse width is 470 fs on 24 J laser output energy. (b) Typical x-ray image taken with a pinhole camera for an Al plane target irradiated with 5 J of laser energy. https://scispace.com/papers/pulse-duration-measurements-of-grazing-incidence-pumped-high-3jx4u1zy4h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-lineout-of-a-single-shot-streak-measurement-of-the-2fjkp5id.png Fig. 4. (a) Lineout of a single-shot streak measurement of the 13.2 nm Ni-like Cd soft x-ray laser pulse. (b) Six laser shots average, showing a deconvoluted FWHM pulse duration of 5.2 ps. The laser was excited by a 6.7 ps duration pump pulse of 1 J energy impinging at a grazing incidence angle of 23° for a prepulse to short pulse time delay of 100 ps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-measured-variation-of-the-13-9-nm-ni-like-ag-laser-11cb5o0h.png Fig. 3. Measured variation of the 13.9 nm Ni-like Ag laser pulse width as a function of time delay between the 350 mJ prepulse and the 1 J, 6.7 ps pump pulse. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-single-shot-streak-camera-image-of-the-13-9-nm-laser-19qg4jtn.png Fig. 2. (a) Single-shot streak-camera image of the 13.9 nm laser pulse. (b) Lineout of the integrated laser line intensity versus time. (c) Average corresponding to six laser shots. The measured FWHM width is 4.9 ps, and corresponding estimated true laser pulse duration is 4.6 ps. The laser was excited by a 6.7 ps duration pump pulse of 1 J energy impinging at a grazing incidence angle of 23° with a prepulse to a short pulse time delay of 250 ps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-showing-the-soft-x-ray-laser-29nxh8i8.png Fig. 1. Experimental setup, showing the soft x-ray laser pumping configuration and streak-camera detection system. https://scispace.com/papers/pulse-loss-and-voltage-measurements-on-superconducting-5p7k7fl4ua 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-i-3-dependence-region-is-clearly-shown-for-current-2ndq30l1.png Fig. 9. The I 3 dependence region is clearly shown. For current higher than 150 A (2 T at conductor), conductor motion was detected. Figure 10 gives corresponding voltage waveform and ifi-I curve. Note that the voltage increase during the charging period implies that conductor motion offsets the compensation and thus causes distortion in <t-I curve shape. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-main-parameters-of-two-pulsed-solenoidsa-2hl39v11.png TABLE I Main Parameters of Two Pulsed Solenoidsa https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schemcic-diagram-of-ion-neaiurooent-1bt8vsst.png Fig. 1. ScheMCic diagram of Ion* neaiurooent https://scispace.com/papers/pulse-position-modulation-based-energy-detection-for-smart-2v0u6kt1rb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-power-network-comparison-to-communication-network-31hn2n38.png Fig. 1. Power Network comparison to Communication Network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ppm-based-non-coherent-detection-2xlt5l0s.png Fig. 3. PPM based non-coherent detection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-smart-grid-communication-architecture-5-2ytcwv2g.png Fig. 2. Smart Grid Communication Architecture [5] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-signal-pulse-timing-schematic-1krxxlgu.png Fig. 4. Signal pulse timing schematic. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-probability-of-error-p-e-as-a-function-of-sub-30vav2g8.png Fig. 5. Probability of error P (e) as a function of sub intervals D for different SNR values where time bandwidth product u=1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-p-e-as-a-function-of-u-for-several-snr-values-taking-1rtyyafr.png Fig. 6. P (e) as a function of u for several SNR values taking sub intervals duration D=5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-p-e-as-a-function-of-u-for-various-threshold-l-and-sub-l3uf0v0y.png Fig. 7. P (e) as a function of u for various threshold λ and sub intervals D values when SNR γ=10 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-probability-of-error-over-kg-fading-pkg-e-versus-snr-g-yh1kv1es.png Fig. 8. Probability of error over KG fading PKG (e) versus SNR γ for certain sub intervals D while keeping u=1, m0=18.41 and m=1. https://scispace.com/papers/pulse-train-solutions-and-excitability-in-an-optoelectronic-1r23y1n4ic 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-c-experimental-waveforms-v-t-green-line-ywbk58v4.png Fig. 4: (Color online) (a)–(c) Experimental waveforms V (t) (green line) and U(t) (red dashed line) for (a) m= 0.14π, (b) m= 0.25π, (c) m= 0.36π. (d)–(f) Respective phase space portraits (blue line: trajectory; black dashed lines: nullclines). (g)–(i) Numerical waveforms and (j)–(l) numerical phase portraits with same m values. The other parameters are γ =−2.08 (mH,1 ≈ 0.08π and mH,2 ≈ 0.42π), τ = 65ns, d= 1.0, g=−0.28V, and filter #4 (see table 1). The experimental time series were averaged over 20 waveforms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-blue-dots-linear-transfer-function-of-our-2yysgn94.png Fig. 5: (Color online) Blue dots: linear transfer function of our system using filter #4. Red line: least square fit of a twopole bandpass filter with fit parameters ω−/(2π) = 3.32MHz, ω+/(2π) = 1.22GHz and γ = 2.05. The transfer function is measured with a linear spacing of 2 points/MHz and fit with an exponential weight ∝ exp(−ω). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-bandpass-filters-used-in-3w4vw8fe.png Table 1: Characteristics of bandpass filters used in experiment and simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-of-the-optoelectronic-oscillator-20z8eof8.png Fig. 1: Experimental setup of the optoelectronic oscillator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-dynamics-in-the-pulsing-regime-for-m-0-g-2ld7ewuy.png Fig. 2: (Color online) Dynamics in the pulsing regime for m= 0, γ =−2.54, τ = 1.5µs, d= 1.0, g=−0.28V, and filter #4. (a), (b) Experimental time series of V (t) (green line) and calculated U(t) (red dashed line), and (c) the associated experimental phase portrait (V (t), U(t)) (blue line: trajectory; black dashed lines: nullclines). (d) Numerical time series of V (t) (green line) and U(t) (red dashed line) and (e) associated phase portrait (V (t), U(t)) (blue line: trajectory; black dashed lines: nullclines). The dots A–D mark corresponding points on (b) and (c), as well as on (d) and (e), U(B) = 0, U(C) =−0.04. The experimental time series are averaged over 20 waveforms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-observed-pulse-widths-of-the-pulse-train-solutions-for-fduw72xm.png Fig. 3: Observed pulse widths of the pulse-train solutions for different bandpass filters shown in table 1 (labeled) as a function of ω− in the experiment (a) and simulation (b) with the analytic equation (8) superimposed as a solid line. The parameters in experiment and simulation are m= 0, d= 1.0, g=−0.28V, γ ≈±2.6, except for filter #6 (γ = 2.9), and τ = 1.5µs, except for filter #1 and #2 (τ = 93µs). https://scispace.com/papers/pulsed-power-supplies-for-the-fermilab-1-tev-switchyard-1p4ltmk225 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-basic-pulser-circuit-1rd8t9qm.png Fig. 1 Basic Pulser Circuit https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dc-level-jphxryxu.png Fig. 4 DC Level https://scispace.com/papers/pulsed-recording-of-anisotropy-and-holographic-polarization-1foul3f5fn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-optical-absorption-spectrum-of-the-three-copolymers-1di56lt4.png FIG. 4. Optical absorption spectrum of the three copolymers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-intensity-transmitted-by-a-polymer-film-placed-between-12rhrn1s.png FIG. 5. Intensity transmitted by a polymer film placed between crossed polarizers as a function of time seconds range after irradiation with a laser pulse 500 mJ /cm2 : a the statistical copolymer ran-PMMA-Azo20, b the terpolymer TER20, and c the block copolymer PMMA-Azo20. Inset in shows the same intensity evolution in the nanosecond range. The arrow indicates the time at which the exciting light pulse is triggered. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-intensity-transmitted-by-the-polymer-films-placed-1ffgdnte.png FIG. 6. Intensity transmitted by the polymer films placed between crossed polarizers measured one second after the exciting light pulse, as a function of pulse energy normalized in each polymer to its maximum transmitted intensity value for the statistical copolymer ran-PMMA-Azo20, statistical terpolymer TER20, and block copolymer PMMA-Azo20. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-intensity-transmitted-by-the-polymer-films-placed-28aulea6.png FIG. 7. Intensity transmitted by the polymer films placed between crossed polarizers as a function of time long term stability : a statistical copolymer ran-PMMA-Azo20, b statistical terpolymer TER20, and c block copolymer PMMA-Azo20. The exciting light pulse is triggered at t=100 s. Inset in shows the transmitted intensity measured over two weeks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-diffracted-intensity-as-a-function-of-time-nanosecond-3n5ifmnu.png FIG. 8. Diffracted intensity as a function of time nanosecond-microsecond range of a sample of the block copolymer PMMA-Azo20 irradiated with a polarization pattern 300 mJ /cm2 single pulse . A circularly polarized 780 nm laser beam was used as the reading beam. The arrow indicates the time at which the exciting light pulse is triggered. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-normalized-diffraction-efficiency-of-a-polarization-2187yko2.png FIG. 10. Normalized diffraction efficiency of a polarization grating as a function of the deviation angle from the Bragg condition. The grating, with a period of 700 nm, was recorded in a block copolymer 6 m thick film by using a polarization pattern single pulse exposure . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-diffraction-efficiency-as-a-function-of-time-long-term-zk3wtuau.png FIG. 9. Diffraction efficiency as a function of time long term stability of a sample irradiated with a polarization pattern 300 mJ /cm2 single pulse : a statistical copolymer ran-PMMA-Azo20, b terpolymer TER20, and c block copolymer PMMA-Azo20. A circularly polarized 780 nm laser beam was used as the reading beam. The exciting light pulse is triggered at t =100 s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-and-composition-of-the-statistical-21b55ntb.png FIG. 1. Structure and composition of the statistical copolymers ran-PMMA-Azo20 and TER20 and the block copolymer PMMA-Azo20. https://scispace.com/papers/punctuating-minds-non-verbal-cues-for-consciousness-3g1iv3vklx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-christophers-perception-from-haddon-2004-208-209-3psbbgz6.png Fig. 2: Christopher’s perception, from Haddon (2004: 208–209). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-typography-in-danielewski-2000-184-the-3ituryka.png Fig. 5: Experimental typography in Danielewski (2000: 184). The text at the bottom reads: “Toward the end of their second day inside (making this the ninth day since Holloway’s team set out into the house), both men seem uncertain whether to continue or return.” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-goblet-shaped-text-from-colonna-1999-114-sah6kjg9.png Fig. 1: Goblet-shaped text, from Colonna (1999: 114). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-christophers-perception-from-haddon-2004-209-vso089v4.png Fig. 3: Christopher’s perception, from Haddon (2004: 209). https://scispace.com/papers/purcell-radiative-rate-enhancement-of-label-free-proteins-1z6ewh89su 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-enhancement-of-the-different-decay-rate-constants-ltzyt659.png Figure 3. Enhancement of the different decay rate constants and comparison between label-free proteins and PQP. (a) Radiative rate enhancement (Purcell factor). (b) The average quantum yield of the UV fluorescent molecules. The data for the confocal reference is displayed in pastel colors, while the brighter colors represent the nanoaperture. (c) Excitation intensity gain, collection efficiency gain, quantum yield gain, and net fluorescence enhancement. The gray shaded areas represent the error bars. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-photokinetic-rate-constants-deduced-from-the-31r879nu.png Table 3. Photokinetic rate constants deduced from the experimental data. All Γi values are expressed in ns−1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fcs-fit-results-corresponding-to-the-correlation-65pdevmo.png Table 1. FCS fit results corresponding to the correlation data displayed in figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-aluminum-nanoaperture-to-enhance-the-radiative-rate-2rjxe4v4.png Figure 1. Aluminum nanoaperture to enhance the radiative rate of label-free proteins in the UV. (a) Notations describing the decay pathways of protein excited in the homogeneous space (free solution). (b) Schematic view of the experiment in the presence of Al nanoapertures. (c) Notations describing the protein decay pathways modified in the presence of nanoapertures. (d) Scanning electron microscope image of a 65 nm diameter nanoaperture. (e) Normalized absorbance and fluorescence spectra of the UV dye PQP and two proteins β-galactosidase and streptavidin. The violet vertical lines correspond to the excitation wavelength of 295 nm, while the shaded regions show the wavelength range used for fluorescence detection. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fit-results-for-the-fluorescence-lifetime-analysis-lh38dis6.png Table 2. Fit results for the fluorescence lifetime analysis of the histograms depicted in figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-characterization-of-intrinsic-protein-2i6j2tmm.png Figure 2. Experimental characterization of intrinsic protein fluorescence and total decay rate in the Al nanoaperture of 65 nm diameter. (a) Fluorescence intensity time traces, (b) FCS correlation functions, and (c) fluorescence lifetime decay of diffusing PQP molecules under confocal illumination and in the nanoaperture. PQP concentration in cyclohexane is 20 nM in the free solution and 2 µM in the nanoaperture. (d) Fluorescence intensity time traces, (e) FCS correlation functions, and (f) fluorescence lifetime decay of β-galactosidase protein for the confocal reference and the nanoaperture. β-galactosidase concentration in the aqueous buffer is 0.5 µM in the free solution and 1.7 µM in the nanoaperture. (g) Fluorescence intensity time traces, (h) FCS correlation functions, and (i) fluorescence lifetime decay of streptavidin protein for the confocal reference and the nanoaperture. Streptavidin concentration in the aqueous buffer is 1.5 µM in the free solution and 6 µM in the nanoaperture. The values of fluorescence enhancement corresponding to each UV emitting molecule are shown in panels (b), (e), and (h), while the gains of total decay rate are indicated in panels (c), (f), and (i). IRF denotes the instrument response function of the experimental setup. https://scispace.com/papers/purest-ever-example-based-machine-translation-detailed-9m0zaeyztb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-extract-of-a-table-that-visualises-several-3g10fwl1.png Figure 1. An extract of a table that visualises several analogical relations between (simple) sentences extracted from our corpus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-parallelopiped-for-a-translation-from-english-2vkqjc1n.png Figure 4. The parallelopiped for a translation from English into Japanese. D is the input, bD is the output. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-scores-for-the-iwslt-2004-chinese-to-english-299jbq65.png Table II. Scores for the IWSLT 2004 Chinese-to-English Unrestricted Data track: no restriction on linguistic resources. The letters in indices at the left of the system names indicate their type: s stands for statistical systems, e for example-based systems, r for rule-based systems, h is for hybrid systems. Higher scores are better, except for mWER and PER, where lower scores indicate better results. In its open configuration our system tries to translate an input sentence again if it already belongs to the data, whereas in its standard configuration, it outputs the translation found in the data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-among-the-permitted-resources-our-system-only-used-21bkdye3.png Table I. Among the permitted resources, our system only used the C-STAR 160,000 aligned sentences. The IWSLT 2004 supplied corpus of 20,000 sentences is a subset of the C-STAR corpus, so that the other resources that our system used are just the remaining 140,000 sentences. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-scores-for-the-gold-standard-the-baseline-and-the-3bnbq6be.png Table VI. Scores for the Gold Standard, the baseline, and the system with various data. n.r. means not relevant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-parallelopiped-in-each-language-four-sentences-37dj08gg.png Figure 3. The parallelopiped: in each language, four sentences form a proportional analogy. There exist four translation relations between the sentences. This is just a geometrical representation of Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-proportional-analogies-in-two-different-2d66bak4.png Figure 2. Two proportional analogies in two different languages that correspond. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-number-of-analogies-in-the-btec-multilingual-corpus-2pgjy5ce.png Table V. Number of analogies in the BTEC multilingual corpus. https://scispace.com/papers/pure-a-metallated-benzyllithium-from-a-single-crystal-to-545fa0sg0f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bond-lengths-a-and-angles-deg-for-1-lq4o2au5.png Table 2. Bond lengths [Å] and angles [°] for 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-molecular-structure-of-me2n-ch2-2ome-lich2sime3-2-2-1rd07aby.png Figure 6 Molecular structure of [{Me2N(CH2)2OMe}·(LiCH2SiMe3)]2 (2) in the crystal (asymmetric unit). Anisotropic displacement parameters are depicted at the 50 % probability level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bond-lengths-a-and-angles-deg-for-4-rp1nb7jf.png Table 4. Bond lengths [Å] and angles [°] for 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1h-nmr-spectra-of-the-reaction-of-me2n-ch2-2ome-220bnt6v.png Fig. 3 1H NMR spectra of the reaction of [{Me2N(CH2)2OMe}·(LiCH2SiMe3)]2 (2) to [{Me2N(CH2)2OMe}·(LiCH2Ph)]4 (3). The spectra were measured every 24 h and show the decreasing of the signals of 2 and increasing of signals of 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1h-nmr-spectrum-of-me2n-ch2-2ome-lich2ph-4-3-showing-d31utre0.png Fig. 4 1H NMR spectrum of [{Me2N(CH2)2OMe}·(LiCH2Ph)]4 (3) showing the 1J(H,C) coupling (127 Hz) of the Cα atom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-molecular-structure-of-me2n-ch2-2ome-lich2ph-4-3-in-ito39fiv.png Figure 7 Molecular structure of [{Me2N(CH2)2OMe}·(LiCH2Ph)]4 (3) in the crystal (asymmetric unit) including disordered sites. Anisotropic displacement parameters are depicted at the 50 % probability level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-crystal-data-and-structure-refinement-for-2-3-and-4-o28oy2f2.png Table 1. Crystal data and structure refinement for 2, 3 and 4: https://scispace.com/papers/purchasing-s-tasks-at-the-interface-between-internal-and-1wk2eqpwh2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-research-process-3lg4hem3.png Figure 2: The research process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-theoretical-framing-l0gjw4xl.png Figure 1: Theoretical framing https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-collection-of-primary-data-23hs1x29.png Table 1: Collection of primary data https://scispace.com/papers/pure-theory-of-the-federal-funds-rate-1msc2owzx8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pursuance-of-an-interest-target-by-means-of-reserve-1a27xf92.png Figure 3: Pursuance of an interest target by means of reserve adjustment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effective-federal-funds-rate-solid-line-versus-bond-2rt7gnfb.png Figure 1: Effective federal funds rate (solid line) versus bond rate (dotted line). Notes: Monthly data, retrieved July 2016 from research.stlouisfed.org/fred2, series DFF and WGS10YR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-united-states-2008-effective-funds-rate-solid-line-3tl9p8ft.png Figure 4: United States 2008 effective funds rate (solid line) vs. target funds rate (dotted line). Notes: Weekly data, retrieved July 2016 from research.stlouisfed.org/fred2, series DFF and DFEDTAR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effective-funds-rate-2008-in-percent-decreasing-3r0uvua0.png Figure 5: Effective funds rate 2008 in percent (decreasing line, left-hand scale) and excess reserves in billion dollars (increasing line, right-hand scale). Notes: Monthly data, retrieved August 2016 from research.stlouisfed.org/fred2, series DFF and EXCSRESNS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-equilibrium-determination-of-the-effective-funds-3cykfdi7.png Figure 2: Equilibrium determination of the effective funds rate. https://scispace.com/papers/purdah-on-the-rationale-for-central-bank-silence-around-2ueyzdr2ug 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-communication-on-interest-rates-1ssimobj.png Table 2: Effect of communication on interest rates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3jksg5li.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-1-2-24c8uk5j.png Figures 1-2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-6-month-interest-rate-changes-on-2dkfxr69.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/purification-of-cytochrome-oxidase-from-neurospora-crassa-hbpyuvyqig 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-il-purification-of-cytochrome-oxidase-from-neurospora-37qs089e.png TABLE Il PURIFICATION OF CYTOCHROME OXIDASE FROM Neurospora crassa" https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-solutions-used-for-the-purification-of-cytochrome-1yztjrbk.png TABLE Il PURIFICATION OF CYTOCHROME OXIDASE FROM Neurospora crassa" https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-wavelength-position-01-the-absorption-bands-and-1lo05r78.png TABLE V WAVELENGTH POSITION 01- THE ABSORPTION BANDS AND RATlOS 01' ABSORBANCES AT 420-426 nm/280 nm OF CYTOCHROME OXIDASE PURIFIED FROM VARIOUS ORGANISMS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dodecyl-sulfate-gel-electrophoresis-01-cytochrome-1sdapvgb.png FIG. 2. Dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis 01' cytochrome oxidase purified from Nellrospora crassa. The electrophoresis was performed on 15'/,- polyacrylamide gels in 0.5% sodium docecyl sulfate and 0.1 M Tris-acetate pH 8. The protein was stained with Coomassie Blue [Wo Sebald, W. Machleidt, and J. Otto, Ellr. J. Biochem. 38,311 (1973)]. https://scispace.com/papers/purification-and-characterization-of-a-novel-thermostable-4da7tbxphr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-purification-procedures-of-bp-luciferase-from-1q3osmeg.png Table 1 Purification procedures of BP Luciferase from Benthosema pterotum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sds-page-of-bp-luciferase-after-purification-by-3iw1ify4.png Fig. 3. SDS–PAGE of BP luciferase after purification by chromatography. Lane 1: cell extract; lane 2: purified luciferase. First lane is the molecular mass marker. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-anion-exchange-chromatography-on-a-q-sepharose-column-143n1xj7.png Fig. 2. Anion-exchange chromatography on a Q-Sepharose column. The extracts (in 20 mM Tris–HCl buffer, pH 7.8) were applied to the column which was equilibrated with the same buffer. The BP luciferase was eluted with a linear 0–2 M NaCl gradient at a flow rate of 3 ml/min. Chromatographic profile of luciferase activity (dotted line), protein absorbance (solid line) in Q-Sepharose eluate and salt concentrations (dash dot line). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-various-metal-ions-and-their-2lea7n76.png Table 3 Effect of various metal ions and their concentrations on BP luciferase.a. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6b-irreversible-inactivation-of-bp-luciferase-after-1y1oa50v.png Fig. 6b. Irreversible inactivation of BP luciferase after incubation for different times at pH 3.0 (filled triangles) and 12.0 (filled squares). The activity of untreated enzyme was taken as 100%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-activity-of-bp-luciferase-at-different-concentrations-7k813rqg.png Fig. 7. Activity of BP luciferase at different concentrations of magnesium. The inset is the activity profile of the enzyme in various concentrations of calcium. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-benthosema-pterotum-from-jask-port-persian-gulf-1eu7sysx.png Fig. 1. Benthosema pterotum from Jask port, Persian Gulf; position of luminescence photophores is indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5a-behavior-of-bp-luciferase-activity-with-temperature-34t1teda.png Fig. 5a. Behavior of BP luciferase activity with temperature in the range 10–65 C. The activity at optimal temperature was taken as 100%. In the inset is the respective Arrhenius plots. Activation energies for BP luciferase was 6.3 kcal mol 1 K 1. https://scispace.com/papers/purification-characterization-and-analysis-of-the-allergenic-2pltn34fcf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chromatographic-purification-of-the-18-kda-protein-366b66v0.png Figure 1. Chromatographic purification of the 18 kDa protein in crayfish. (A) DEAE−Sephacel chromatography. (B) Sephacryl S-200 HR gel chromatography. The numbers above the lanes correspond to the fraction numbers. Target protein fractions under the bar were pooled. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cloningmlc-genes-and-sequence-alignment-of-crayfish-2flb6kii.png Figure 6.CloningMLC genes and sequence alignment of crayfish MLC proteins. (A) Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of crayfish MLC1 (the N-glycosylation site is marked with a box). (B) Sequence alignment of crayfish MLC1 and the MLC proteins of other crustaceans. (C) Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of crayfishMLC2 (theN-glycosylation site is marked with a box). (D) Sequence alignment of crayfishMLC2 and the MLC proteins of other crustaceans. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primers-used-in-cloning-mlc1-from-procambarus-2l2m216b.png Table 1. Primers Used in Cloning MLC1 from Procambarus clarkii. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-mass-spectrometry-of-the-18-kda-protein-in-zna4l5sq.png Figure 1. Chromatographic purification of the 18 kDa protein in crayfish. (A) DEAE−Sephacel chromatography. (B) Sephacryl S-200 HR gel chromatography. The numbers above the lanes correspond to the fraction numbers. Target protein fractions under the bar were pooled. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-primers-used-in-cloning-mlc2-from-procambarus-3s5dbk9q.png Table 2. Primers Used in Cloning MLC2 from Procambarus clarkii. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mass-spectrometric-analysis-of-the-18-kda-protein-y5ij8xa8.png Figure 2. Mass spectrometric analysis of the 18 kDa protein in crayfish. (A) Map of MS/MS. (B) Protein sequence alignments of MLCs from Procambarus clarkii, Drosophila yakuba, Crangon crangon, and Marsupenaeus japonicus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-ige-reactivity-to-native-and-2w0xls0f.png Figure 5. Comparison of IgE reactivity to native and denatured MLC from crayfish. 1−7: sera of seven crustacean-allergic patients (corresponding to serum nos. 749, 514, 974, 067, 785, 980, and 791); N: pooled sera from nonallergic individuals (nos. 780 and 981) as the negative control. (A) ELISA. (B) Dot blot. (C) Western blot. M, protein marker; MLC, SDS−PAGE analysis of the purified MLC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-physicochemical-characterization-of-purified-2w69tmjs.png Figure 3. Physicochemical characterization of purified crayfish MLC. (A) UV spectral analysis of the purified MLC. Line 1: untreated MLC. Line 2: MLC treated with low-concentration alkali. The change at 240 nm is marked by an arrow. (B) SDS−PAGE analysis of the thermal stability ofMLC. con: MLC was incubated at 0 °C. (C) Dot blot of thermally treated MLC. con: MLC was incubated at 0 °C. (D) SDS−PAGE analysis of the pH stability of MLC. con: MLC was incubated at pH 7.5. (E) Dot blot of MLC treated with different pH values. con: MLC was incubated at pH 7.5. (F) SDS−PAGE analysis of MLC stability to pepsin digestion. con: MLC was untreated with pepsin. (G) SDS−PAGE analysis of MLC stability to pancreatin digestion. con:MLCwas untreated with pancreatin. M, protein marker; con, control. (H) ciELISA of the digested fragments ofMLC.MLC digested by pepsin (○, 1 h); pancreatin (▲, 4 h); and undigested (●). https://scispace.com/papers/pursuing-happiness-the-architecture-of-sustainable-change-vlox9cbdfa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-changes-in-well-being-over-the-course-of-two-6-week-1qhbourv.png Figure 3. Changes in well-being over the course of two 6-week interventions: performing acts of kindness (top) and counting one’s blessings (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-three-primary-factors-influencing-the-chronic-1odrrlir.png Figure 1. Three primary factors influencing the chronic happiness level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-longitudinal-path-model-predicting-maintained-1mtxrrcb.png Figure 2. Longitudinal path model predicting maintained changes in well-being from positive circumstantial changes and positive activity changes. Asterisks indicate p .01. https://scispace.com/papers/pursuing-permanence-former-international-students-31j789uw42 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-participants-trajectories-and-current-immigration-13ctjk2e.png Figure 5.1 – Participants’ trajectories and current immigration statuses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-federal-pathways-to-permanent-residence-for-231vzvax.png Figure 2.2 – Federal pathways to permanent residence for temporary work-permit holders (under Express Entry) Besides Express Entry, international students can also apply through any Provincial Nomination Programs (PNP) of the province they are currently residing. PNPs are immigration pathways on the provincial level, and most have sub-streams designed to retain international students who have graduated from a postsecondary institution in the respective province. For instance, Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia have streams for ‘international students with a job offer’ – the offer being from an employer within the province (Province of Ontario, 2017; Province of Alberta, 2017; Province of British Columbia, 2017). International student streams in Saskatchewan, Newfoundland and Labrador requires applicants to have a job offer in their field of study (Government of Saskatchewan, n.d.; Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, n.d.); and applicants for Manitoba’s program must be currently working for an employer who has offered them a “permanent (long-term) full-time job” (Province of Manitoba, n.d.). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-federal-pathways-to-permanent-residence-for-2ok4xg7z.png Figure 2.1 – Federal pathways to permanent residence for temporary work permit holders (before Express Entry)7 https://scispace.com/papers/pursuing-safer-batteries-thermal-abuse-of-lifepo4-cells-3lwulyd8tp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-heat-released-during-tr-by-cells-under-oven-exposure-1mixs97q.png Table 3: Heat released during TR by cells under oven exposure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-between-soc-within-arc-tests-regions-i-je9zecs5.png Figure 3: Comparison between SOC within ARC tests. Regions: (I) first exotherm - containing self-heating onset to venting; (II) endothermic event - due to venting; (III) second exotherm - containing the first peak temperature rate; (IV) third exotherm - containing the second peak temperature rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-thermal-mapping-as-a-function-of-soc-no-self-2glhbpw8.png Figure 6: Thermal mapping as a function of SOC. No self-heating when temperature rate is <0.02°Cmin−1, self-heating when temperature rate is >0.02°Cmin−1, and thermal runaway when temperature rate is >1°Cmin−1. (Note: error bars are equal to one standard deviation.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-set-up-of-abuse-tests-a-thermal-hazard-17h82ydm.png Figure 1: Experimental set up of abuse tests (a) Thermal Hazard Technology ARC EV+ (b) close up of cell in ARC with thermocouple attached (TC) and suspended from aluminium frame in ARC vessel (C) convection oven (d) close up of cell in oven with TC placements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cell-surface-temperature-rate-against-cell-surface-2ga9ziga.png Figure 2: Cell surface temperature rate against cell surface temperature from exothermic period of HWS test for various SOC (note logarithmic scale on y-axis). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-comparison-of-maximum-temperature-rates-at-given-2ps4esnq.png Figure 5: A comparison of maximum temperature rates at given SOC for 18650 cells of different chemistries, nominal capacities at 100% SOC are given. aThis work. b(Kvasha et al., 2018). c(Lei et al., 2017). d(Chen et al., 2015). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-values-of-important-measurements-for-each-oven-2rj7mge0.png Table 2: Mean values of important measurements for each oven set temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-heat-released-by-negative-carbon-and-positive-lfp-252e1qz9.png Table 1: Heat released by negative (carbon) and positive (LFP) electrode reactions https://scispace.com/papers/pushing-the-boundaries-of-cultural-congruence-pedagogy-in-2ysdlh8trn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-generation-of-third-space-physical-space-with-2f2d2i55.png Figure 1. Generation of Third Space. Physical Space with Discourses generates Third 297 Space. 298 299 https://scispace.com/papers/putidaredoxin-binds-to-the-same-site-on-cytochrome-p450cam-3vv6mczmhc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-itc-parameters-for-pdx-binding-to-p450cam-in-302rye9q.png Table 1. ITC parameters for Pdx binding to P450cam in different ligand-enforced conformations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-deer-derived-distances-a-for-the-open-p450cam-fe-3-ljf9ghas.png Table 2. DEER derived distances (Å) for the open P450cam(Fe 3+ )/Pdxox complex (blue) and the closed P450cam(Fe 2+ COS)/Pdxre complex (red). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distance-distributions-obtained-by-tikhonov-1f6u6uk4.png Figure 3. Distance distributions obtained by Tikhonov regularization of the DEER data for the P450cam/Pdx complex in the open, oxidized state (blue) and the closed, ferrous-CO (red) state. The dashed purple lines are the distance modulations from control samples containing singly labeled ferrous-CO P450cam and unlabeled Pdxre. The dashed cyan curve is a control complex containing unlabeled ferric P450cam and oxidized PdxE14C containing spin-label. These controls were used to identify and eliminate peaks from consideration that may arise from homomolecular interactions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-domain-deer-spectra-for-the-p450cam-pdx-18a6t5o9.png Figure 2. Time-domain DEER spectra for the P450cam/Pdx mutants. The blue and red curves are the fitted DEER curves of P450cam(Fe 3+ )/Pdxox and P450cam(Fe 2+ COS)/Pdxre, respectively. The black curves are the experimental data. The spin-label positions are indicated by specifying the cysteines introduced into P450cam/Pdx, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-tethered-p450cam-pdx-complex-2aks8186.png Figure 4. Comparison of the tethered P450cam/Pdx complex structure obtained by X-ray crystallography (pdb 4JWS) (A) with the complex obtained following HADDOCK docking https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-itc-data-for-the-interaction-between-pdx-and-uxwjenxv.png Figure 1. ITC data for the interaction between Pdx and P450cam in various conformational states. Shown are titrations Pdx into (A) P450cam/metyrapone, which is constrained in the closed conformation, 13 (B) P450cam/camphor, which converts from the closed to open conformation upon binding Pdx, 21, 22 (C) P450cam (substrate-free), which is in the open https://scispace.com/papers/pushing-the-limits-the-performance-of-maximum-likelihood-and-3rfbyonqlo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-multiple-group-latent-growth-model-with-one-1hi7vhy9.png Figure 1. Multiple group latent growth model with one covariate and groups indicated by g. yg1; y g 2; y g 3; and y g 4 represent four assessments of a developing construct with residual error variances. xg is a timeinvariant predictor of growth that represents the latent variable Covariateg without measurement error. The regressions of the latent growth factors Interceptg, Lin. slopeg, and Quad. slope on the Covariateg are equal over groups. https://scispace.com/papers/putrescine-biosynthesis-inhibition-in-tomato-by-dfma-and-4dalcm1m64 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-application-of-inhibitor-mix-to-tomato-plants-grown-1z2m89cl.png Figure 1. Application of inhibitor mix to tomato plants grown in vermiculite https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tomato-plant-with-five-true-leaves-the-arrows-32h3f0d2.png Figure 3. Tomato plant with five true leaves. The arrows indicate the 3rd and 4th true leaf of tomato plants collected for putrescine quantification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tomato-plants-treated-with-inhibitor-mix-do-not-2y2w52jg.png Figure 2. Tomato plants treated with inhibitor mix do not display changes in growth. A. Control and treated 21-day-old tomato plants; B. The same plants after one week of inhibitors treatment. https://scispace.com/papers/putting-a-glitch-in-the-field-bourdieu-actor-network-theory-45tz59ctwr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-glitch-and-the-field-of-music-production-adapted-1l02rabq.png Figure 1: Glitch and the Field of Music Production (adapted from Bourdieu, 1996) https://scispace.com/papers/putting-proverbs-to-the-test-an-engaging-approach-for-1d3gynjl2x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bincp4fm.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-netherlandish-proverbs-by-p-bruegel-the-elder-1559-1nfakacb.png Figure 1. Netherlandish Proverbs, by P. Bruegel the Elder, 1559, http://www.wikiart.org/en/pieter-bruegel-the-elder/netherlandish-proverbs-1559. Public domain. https://scispace.com/papers/putting-the-geography-into-geodemographics-using-multilevel-213c5ljezk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-calculating-the-percentage-of-the-sample-that-is-38dt1d76.png Figure 1. Calculating the percentage of the sample that is Asian in each neighbourhood type using fixed and random effects regression models. A 95 per https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measures-of-fit-comparing-the-predicted-values-with-1mqekq78.png Table 2. Measures of fit comparing the predicted values with the actual percentages of Asian pupils per London neighbourhood. See text for detail. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-caterpillar-plots-indicating-the-differences-1r4jav7b.png Figure 2. Caterpillar plots indicating the differences between neighbourhood types at each level of the geodemographic hierarchy net of the differences due to other levels of the hierarchy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-percentage-of-the-sample-that-is-asian-in-each-160rrxu6.png Table 1. The percentage of the sample that is Asian in each neighbourhood type and the resulting index scores. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-caterpillar-plots-indicating-the-differences-qqbj7q0f.png Figure 3. Caterpillar plots indicating the differences between London boroughs and the geodemographic neighbourhood types arising from the multiscale model. https://scispace.com/papers/putting-the-squeeze-on-mephedrone-hydrogen-sulfate-4fas32uir0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-hso-4-chains-in-each-of-the-three-phases-the-1d3c5p1g.png Fig. 4: The HSO 4 chains in each of the three phases. The subtle rotation of the HSO 4 groups between Phases I and II is highlighted. On the right-hand side is a projection along the hydrogen-bonded chains. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-unit-cell-volume-and-b-unit-cell-parameters-of-4-mmc-14si2ilb.png Fig. 3: (a) Unit cell volume; and (b) unit cell parameters of 4-MMC with increasing pressure. The discontinuities after 0.5 and 3.5 GPa show the phase transitions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-overlay-of-molecules-in-phase-iii-showing-the-3fw06n53.png Fig. 5: The overlay of molecules in phase III showing the changes in torsional angle (N12-C10-C8-C5). For clarity molecules 1 and 2 are shown on the left and molecules 3 and 4 on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-distributions-of-hydrogen-bond-lengths-in-the-csd-the-9hx9du00.png Fig. 6: Distributions of hydrogen bond lengths in the CSD. The dotted lines represent the distances observed in 4-MMC on compression. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-scatterplot-of-distance-between-centroids-of-phenyl-2isyujem.png Fig. 7: Scatterplot of distance between centroids of phenyl groups and the angle between the Least Squares plane of the phenyl groups. Open circles are data from CSD and filled squarea are observations from this work. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-details-for-4-mmc-at-various-pressures-2sq5x3ga.png Table 1: Experimental details for 4-MMC at various pressures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-molecular-volume-vs-pressure-plot-the-solid-squares-xxoi888d.png Fig. 8: Molecular volume vs. Pressure plot. The solid squares represent data collected in this study and the unfilled squares represent volumes for hypothetically compressed phases of I and II, respectively, to illustrate the significance of the pV term. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-voids-observed-and-their-total-volume-at-a-0-5-gpa-94-2ifpi0rs.png Fig. 9: Voids observed (and their total volume) at a) 0.5 GPa (94 Å3); b) 0.88 GPa (35 Å3); 3.56 GPa (17 Å3); and 4.8 GPa (14 Å3). The molecules have been set to wireframe so as not to obstruct the view of the voids. The probe distance was set at 0.4 Å and grid spacing of 1 Å. https://scispace.com/papers/pv-architectures-for-dc-microgrids-using-buck-or-boost-3ktskshu44 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-logic-of-perturb-observe-algorithm-21or1tyf.png Fig. 5. Logic of perturb & Observe algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-case-3-in-blue-the-power-produced-by-a-single-module-jimhe2s9.png Fig. 16. Case 3: in blue the power produced by a single module in the unshaded case, in red the one with shading, in green the total power from the modules. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-case-3-the-voltage-in-the-dc-link-is-depicted-in-blue-2auzg2fd.png Fig. 17. Case 3: the voltage in the DC link is depicted in blue, the current is in red; the voltage in the connected microgrid is depicted in green. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-buck-microconverters-and-non-inverting-buck-boost-3myfgtmw.png Fig. 14. Buck microconverters and non-inverting buck-boost central converter topology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-case-3-the-duty-cycles-of-the-unshaded-modules-are-11l01f9m.png Fig. 15. Case 3: the duty cycles of the unshaded modules are almost invisible because they stick to 1; the shaded ones are in red. The buck-boost’s duty cycles are in purple. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-circuitry-used-to-simplify-a-solar-panels-power-vs-1uq44p9z.png Fig. 1. Circuitry used to simplify a solar panel’s power vs voltage curve https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-case-2-duty-cycle-disposition-due-to-different-35yvy2rh.png Fig. 19. Case 2: duty cycle disposition due to different irradiances https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-case-3-duty-cycle-disposition-due-to-different-2p7mr4z1.png Fig. 20. Case 3: duty cycle disposition due to different irradiances https://scispace.com/papers/pyco2sys-marine-carbonate-system-calculations-in-python-20gdpf1bab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameterisations-that-except-where-noted-are-not-2v55ydsa.png Table 3. Parameterisations that (except where noted) are not influenced by the case of the selected carbonic acid constants (Table 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-main-components-of-a-total-alkalinity-at-and-b-19samcv5.png Figure 6. Main components of (a) total alkalinity (AT) and (b) dissolved inorganic carbon (TC) at the two possible pH roots for a known parameter pair of AT (2300 µmol · kg−1) and carbonate ion content ([CO2−3 ]; 120 µmol · kg−1). The low-pH root (left) represents typical seawater, with relatively high TC (2143 µmol ·kg−1), and both AT and TC dominated by bicarbonate ion (HCO−3 ). The high-pH root (right) has the same AT and [CO2−3 ], but AT is dominated by hydroxide (OH −), and TC is much lower (122 µmol · kg−1) and comprised almost entirely of CO2−3 . These calculations were carried out at 15 °C, with a practical salinity of 35 and zero nutrients. If nutrients were present, then like borate (B(OH)−4 ) they would have different contributions to AT at the different pH roots. pH is on the Total scale (Appendix A). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-status-badge-for-the-validation-tests-publicly-d4u35avr.png Figure 3. The status badge for the validation tests, publicly visible at PyCO2SYS’s GitHub repository (https://github.com/mvdh7/PyCO2SYS#pyco2sys), when the current version of the code (a) passes every test or (b) fails any test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-initial-estimates-solid-lines-and-final-solutions-1qyitjap.png Figure 4. Initial estimates (solid lines) and final solutions (dashed lines) of pH from known parameter pairs of total alkalinity (2.3 mmol·kg−1) with a range of values for (a) dissolved inorganic carbon (TC), (b) aqueous CO2 fugacity, (c) bicarbonate ion content, and (d) carbonate ion content. The initial estimates track the final solution very closely across the range of typical seawater conditions. This is expected, because these estimates were derived under the assumption that the carbonate and borate contributions are dominant in total alkalinity (Sect. 3.2), as is true for typical seawater. The default high and low pH values of 10 and 3 used where the initial estimate equations are not valid for the argument values (Eqs. (15) and (E6)) appear as flat sections in (a) and (c) respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-process-by-which-pyco2sys-and-other-qhd467xh.png Figure 1. Overview of the process by which PyCO2SYS and other CO2SYS implementations solve the marine carbonate system (MCS) and calculate other results. Arguments provided by the user are shown as open symbols on a yellow background, while calculations and results use filled symbols. Components under input conditions are shown in light blue, those under output conditions are in red towards the right, and components that are independent of input/output conditions are in dark blue. Any pair of the parameters in the ‘MCS arguments’ box at the top left can be provided, noting that only one of [CO2(aq)], pCO2 , fCO2 or xCO2 may be included in a pair. Coupled with userprovided nutrients, total salts calculated from salinity (‘Totals’), and stoichiometric dissociation constants calculated from salinity and input temperature and pressure (‘K∗ values’), all core MCS parameters are determined (‘Input MCS results’) from the known pair (Appendix C). Other results (e.g. carbonate mineral saturation states, buffer factors) are then calculated from the results under input conditions (‘Others’). If the user provides output-condition temperature and/or pressure values, then the dissociation constants are recalculated under these new conditions, the core MCS is solved again (‘Output MCS results’) from these updated constants (‘K∗ values out’), the original ‘Totals’, and the now-known AT and TC, which are independent of temperature and pressure. Finally, other results are calculated again from the output-condition results (‘Others out’). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameterisations-of-the-dissociation-constants-of-2mgt3aud.png Table 1. Parameterisations of the dissociation constants of carbonic acid available in PyCO2SYS and corresponding implicit settings (Table 2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-an-example-round-robin-test-with-pyco2sys-1x3y8bwv.png Table 4. Results of an example round-robin test with PyCO2SYS with default parameterisation options. Other conditions: salinity = 33, temperature = 22 °C, pressure = 1234 dbar, total silicate = 10 µmol ·kg−1, total phosphate = 1 µmol ·kg−1, total ammonia = 2 µmol ·kg−1, total sulfide = 3 µmol · kg−1. The pH-solver tolerance in PyCO2SYS is 10−8 in terms of pH. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-residuals-between-known-at-2-3-mmol-kg-1-and-i-2ir8k26d.png Figure 5. Residuals between known AT (2.3 mmol·kg−1) and (i) carbonate-borate alkalinity (solid lines; ACB) from Eqs. (E1), (3), (10) and (16), and (ii) total alkalinity (dashed lines; AT) from Eq. (B1), calculated across a range of pH, with a second known parameter of (a) dissolved inorganic carbon (2.15 mmol·kg−1), (b) CO2 fugacity (600 µatm), (c) bicarbonate ion content (2011 µmol · kg−1), and (d) carbonate ion content (116 µmol · kg−1), all at a salinity of 35 and temperature of 15 °C. Each possible pH value returns a different residual alkalinity, and the true pH root is where the residual alkalinity is zero. Both the initial estimates and the final solutions find this zero-residual pH root, using the ACB and AT equations respectively (Sects. 3.1.1 and 3.2). The similarity between the ACB and AT residual curves, particularly around zero residual alkalinity, shows that the initial estimates provide excellent starting values for the subsequent iterative solvers. In (d), the final iterative solver has two possible roots, where residual alkalinity is zero. However, the initial estimate has only one root, corresponding to the lower-pH final root. This ensures that the final solver will always converge to the lower-pH root, which is usually appropriate for the seawater system. https://scispace.com/papers/pyrethroid-insecticide-exposure-and-cognitive-developmental-3qbwv6qsdp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-associations-between-childhood-concentrations-of-15lubwy8.png Table 4 Associations between childhood concentrations of pyrethroid urinary metabolites and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) scores (PELAGIE cohort, France).a https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-concentrations-of-pyrethroid-insecticide-urinary-3i3xsjo6.png Table 2 Concentrations of pyrethroid insecticide urinary metabolites (µg/L) (PELAGIE cohort, France). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-socio-demographic-and-lifestyle-factors-of-the-study-2g0ztfqg.png Table 1 Socio-demographic and lifestyle factors of the study's mother-child pairs (n=287, PELAGIE cohort, France). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-associations-between-maternal-prenatal-ap39vaxm.png Table 3 Associations between maternal prenatal concentrations of pyrethroid urinary metabolites and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) scores (PELAGIE cohort, France).a https://scispace.com/papers/pv-system-sizing-using-observed-time-series-of-solar-31zxytfac1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-graphical-method-of-solution-for-the-inequality-4-17s5egrc.png Fig. 1. A graphical method of solution for the inequality (4). System configurations that comply with the inequality (4) lie in the shaded area of the plane. System configurations that provide continuous power during a single climatic cycle (a) and during two climatic cycles (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-sizing-polygon-obtained-by-combining-the-three-3h6u66m6.png Fig. 3. The ‘‘sizing polygon’’ obtained by combining the three most prominent climatic cycles during the 1980–1990 decade. The full smooth line represents the dependence (5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-daily-solar-radiation-in-london-during-the-2k7rc3v3.png Fig. 2. (a) The daily solar radiation in London during the winter of 1989–1990, showing the dominant climatic cycle extending from 1st December 1989 to 7th January 1990. The average daily radiation Gd0 (shown by the dash-dot line) is the long mean value for December. (b) The cumulative energy balance (energy taken out of the battery) for a system design based on the average daily radiation in December. https://scispace.com/papers/pyramidal-groups-and-debt-4unmoggcnb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-analysis-of-net-external-debt-1992-2jy3ijnl.png Table 3. Regression analysis of net external debt (1992) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-analysis-of-net-external-debt-1996-2tgvty0u.png Table 2. Regression analysis of net external debt (1996) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-analysis-with-volatility-1996-1kfv75z2.png Table 4. Regression analysis with volatility (1996) https://scispace.com/papers/pyrethroid-pesticide-metabolite-3-pba-in-soils-method-zmemy0zpo6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-spe-cartridges-based-on-6ylgeo3o.png Table 1 Comparison of the SPE cartridges based on composition, packing (sorbent amount/cartridge volume), particle and pore size, and application https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-recoveries-of-3-pba-extraction-in-water-using-23otdvni.png Fig. 3 Recoveries of 3-PBA extraction in water using different SPE cartridge. I to VI are the different solid-phase extraction procedures tested for the different cartridges Full size image https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-recoveries-obtained-with-extraction-at-three-spiking-2x92jyty.png Fig 7 -Recoveries obtained with extraction at three spiking level concentrations (90, 600, and 1080 ng g−1) (n = 3) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-geographical-location-of-the-soil-samples-1ku6kmge.png Fig. 2 Geographical location of the soil samples https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-under-selected-1svawupf.png Fig. 6 Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry under selected ion mode chromatogram of 3-PBA at a spiking level of 600 ng g−1 in the soil sample https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-scheme-of-the-optimized-procedure-for-3-pba-1gjniidy.png Fig. 5 Scheme of the optimized procedure for 3-PBA determination in soil https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-solid-phase-extraction-procedures-tested-for-the-2rej3518.png Table 2 Solid-phase extraction procedures tested for the different cartridges https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-structures-of-some-pyrethroids-cyhalothrin-3016s5my.png Fig. 1 The structures of some pyrethroids (cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and permethrin) and the mutual and major metabolite, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid https://scispace.com/papers/pyrolysis-of-cashew-nutshells-characterization-of-products-153mvmg9op 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mass-yields-of-each-gas-component-of-original-cns-3ewznaxm.png Table 4. Mass yields of each gas component (% of original CNS mass) and average higher heating value. Experiment at 500ºC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sankey-diagram-for-pyrolysis-of-cns-at-500-oc-19r5tgq0.png Figure 8. Sankey diagram for pyrolysis of CNS at 500 ºC (energy units based on % HHV of CNS). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagram-of-the-laboratory-scale-pyrolysis-plant-the-1z4puqo3.png Figure 1.Diagram of the laboratory scale pyrolysis plant. The mass yields of solid (char) and liquid (all liquid products including CNSL) were determined gravimetrically. The mass yield of gas was calculated by difference with the exception of the experiment performed using N2 as internal standard for which the gas yield was determined taking into account the gas composition provided by the micro-GC and the known volumetric flow of nitrogen introduced. The lower heating value of the gas (free of N2) (LHVgas) for the Pyr-N2 experiment was calculated considering the gas composition and the lower heating value of each gas compound. For all the runs, the ultimate and proximate analyses, the higher heating value, the apparent density and the pH and electrical conductivity of the char were measured following the International Biochar Initiative product testing guidelines [23,24]. The pyrolysis liquid obtained in all the experiments was separated into two phases (aqueous phase (AP) and organic phase (OP)) by decantation. Besides, the CNSL fraction was recovered separately. The water content (%) of AP, OP and CNSL was analyzed by the Karl-Fischer titration method. The density of the OP and CNSL was determined using a portable Mettler Toledo densimeter (model Densito 30 PX). Finally, the ultimate analysis and the higher heating value (HHV) of the OP and CNSL were also measured. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-yields-of-the-pyrolysis-liquid-fractions-as-a-2i8rn9a3.png Figure 5. Yields of the pyrolysis liquid fractions as a function of temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-distribution-of-the-main-elements-c-h-o-in-the-2embn8pk.png Figure 7. Distribution of the main elements (C, H, O) in the pyrolysis products at 500 ºC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-evolution-of-gas-composition-as-a-function-of-time-3cgjqlv0.png Figure 6. Evolution of gas composition as a function of time and pyrolysis temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/pyrolysis-and-combustion-of-acetonitrile-ch-sub-3-cn-5erckkuzen 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-major-reaction-pathways-for-oxidation-of-hcn-to-no-n2-2mcslhtn.png Fig. 1. Major reaction pathways for oxidation of HCN to NO, N2, and N2O. https://scispace.com/papers/pyrolysis-of-the-simplest-carbohydrate-glycolaldehyde-cho-2q0hhpleqo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-118-2-nm-vuv-pims-scans-resulting-from-heating-glyoxal-2fvo2ypd.png Fig. 8 118.2 nm VUV PIMS scans resulting from heating glyoxal in a pulsed He micro-reactor. The band at m/z 40 is a CH3C≡CH background contamination. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-vibrational-frequencies-and-assignments-for-2kmi3xcr.png Table 2. Vibrational Frequencies and Assignments for Glycolaldehyde. The VPT2 calculations use CCSD(T)/ANO0 anharmonic constants and CCSD(T)/ANO1 harmonic frequencies. Asterisks mark cases where resonances were treated by diagonalization. Potential combination/overtone bands for unidentified observed peaks have also been reported. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-118-2-nm-vuv-pims-scans-resulting-from-heating-1fkm1l6s.png Fig. 5 118.2 nm VUV PIMS scans resulting from heating glycolaldehyde in a pulsed He micro-reactor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-structures-of-the-trans-glycoladehyde-dimers-1eyp7vyj.png Fig. 3 Structures of the trans-glycoladehyde dimers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-matrix-ir-spectra-that-result-from-heating-vjc5bebm.png Fig. 7 Matrix IR spectra that result from heating glycolaldehyde in a pulsed Ar micro-reactor. The black trace is the IR spectrum69 of CHO-CH2OH produced by heating glycolaldehyde dimer to 120ºC. The green trace is a background that results from heating Ar to 1500 K in the SiC micro-reactor. Ketene is clearly present.75 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-molecular-structures-for-x-1a-glycolaldehyde-that-2gndb6g4.png Fig. 2 Molecular structures for X̃ 1A’ glycolaldehyde that result from CCSD(T) electronic structure calculations of the molecular geometry of CHO-CH2OH. The values in parentheses are reported from earlier analysis of the microwave spectrum.40 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-photoionization-efficiency-scan-for-the-parent-ion-m-z-3ne0mut1.png Fig. 4 Photoionization efficiency scan for the parent ion m/z 60 resulting from heating glycolaldehyde in a continuous flow He micro-reactor at Beamline 9.0.2 at the Advanced Light Source. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chemical-structures-of-glyceraldehyde-and-2b67awl1.png Fig. 1 Chemical structures of glyceraldehyde and glycolaldehyde. https://scispace.com/papers/pyrolysis-of-yaojie-oil-shale-in-a-sanjiang-type-pilot-scale-53i4wbl05s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-calorific-value-of-semicoke-ar-3biibq86.png Table 6. Calorific value of semicoke (ar., %) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-composition-of-the-retorting-gas-for-hj-oil-shale-v2wah53b.png Table 7. Composition of the retorting gas for HJ oil shale https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-composition-of-the-retorting-gas-for-hk-oil-shale-18jzm8mk.png Table 8. Composition of the retorting gas for HK oil shale https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fischer-assay-of-yaojie-oil-shale-air-received-basis-2q8h9s7q.png Table 1. Fischer Assay of Yaojie oil shale (air received basis, ar.,%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sara-analysis-of-shale-oil-hua7h3zf.png Table 4. SARA analysis of shale oil, % https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-material-balance-of-the-pilot-test-2vp6x153.png Table 2. Material balance of the pilot test https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-properties-of-shale-oil-271q87gw.png Table 3. Properties of shale oil https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-simulated-distillation-of-shale-oil-1roiwjaq.png Table 5. Simulated distillation of shale oil https://scispace.com/papers/pyrosol-generation-of-zno-nanoparticles-and-structured-thin-5dg4p3bu21 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-xrd-spectra-for-t1-med-t2-high-film-29z8me4d.png Figure 11. XRD spectra for T1 med, T2 high film https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sem-image-of-t1-med-t2-high-film-2a8asz8x.png Figure 8. SEM image of T1 med, T2 high film. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-xrd-spectra-for-t1-low-t2-high-film-2jaf318u.png Figure 10. XRD spectra for T1 low, T2 high film https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sem-image-of-t1-t2-sequenced-deposit-khg6thse.png Figure 9. SEM image of T1,T2 sequenced deposit https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-particle-sizing-for-0-03m-zn-ac-2-sample-3m7o7n67.png Figure 4. Particle sizing for 0.03M Zn(Ac)2 sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-particle-sizing-for-0-008m-zn-ac-2-sample-3qrqn8rb.png Figure 5. Particle sizing for 0.008M Zn(Ac)2 sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-particle-sizing-for-0-1m-zn-ac-2-sample-261e7de2.png Figure 3. Particle sizing for 0.1M Zn(Ac)2 sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sem-image-of-t1-high-t2-low-deposit-14vzh3r3.png Figure 6. SEM image of T1 high, T2 low deposit https://scispace.com/papers/pyxrd-v0-6-2-a-foss-program-to-quantify-disordered-layered-2g5rv5ceuo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-the-test-mixtures-used-to-compare-the-v8npqe9t.png Table 2. Overview of the test mixtures used to compare the weight fraction output from PyXRD with the output of Sybilla, with details for the different phases (R is Reichweite, N is the average CSDS, d001 is the basal spacing, relevant probability (P ), and weight (W ) factors are given). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-calculated-rp-and-rwp-values-for-selected-intervals-3d2g66c7.png Table 3. Calculated Rp and Rwp values for selected intervals of mixtures 1, 2, and 3 calculated in PyXRD and Sybilla. (Rp and Rwp are the unweighted and weighted residual errors of the selected intervals, respectively). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-parameter-evolution-plots-left-average-csds-right-3jui40vz.png Figure 6. Parameter evolution plots (left: average CSDS; right: illite content) for the noisy patterns of assemblage 1 for the multi-specimen run (top plots) and the isolated AD run (bottom plots). Minimum and maximum values during the refinement are indicated with dashed lines, iterations’ best solutions at each generation indicated by dots and average solution with a solid line. The higher the density of the dots, the lighter they are coloured. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-overview-of-the-means-and-standard-deviations-of-2wgn8k5d.png Table 10. Overview of the means and standard deviations of weight fractions and refined parameters for assemblage 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-calculated-patterns-for-discrete-illite-top-and-2nmoazz5.png Figure 3. Calculated patterns for discrete illite (top) and talc (bottom), showing nearly identical output for PyXRD (solid line) and Sybilla (crosses). For clarity the residual patterns are scaled to 5 times their original intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-overview-of-the-means-and-standard-deviations-of-2vef0y1v.png Table 6. Overview of the means and standard deviations of weight fractions and refined parameters for assemblage 1 using noisy patterns. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-overview-of-the-means-and-standard-deviations-for-oivaepxv.png Table 5. Overview of the means and standard deviations for weight fractions and refined parameters for assemblage 1 using smooth patterns. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-parameter-evolution-plots-for-the-low-charge-de4h1vwt.png Figure 8. Parameter evolution plots for the low-charge smectite in assemblage 3. Plots for the multi-specimen set-up are in the top row, for the AD single-pattern set-up in the bottom row. Legend as in Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/papers/q2-q3-2018-solar-industry-update-1k1y9wbz73 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-2018-pv-data-prior-to-2015-from-wood-mackenzie-25shmnw6.png Table 6.1; 2018. PV data prior to 2015 from Wood Mackenzie Power & Renewables / SEIA, assuming an ILR of 1.2. https://scispace.com/papers/q-switched-ruby-laser-treatment-of-a-congenital-melanocytic-57c1l1fz0n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-month-old-hispanic-female-with-a-large-compound-1w7tkue2.png Figure 1. Two-month old Hispanic female with a large compound congenital melanocytic nevus involving the right lower eyelid, cheek, and upper lip, prior to QSRL therapy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-same-child-5-years-after-qsrl-treatment-there-1c6w2x6b.png Figure 2. The same child 5 years after QSRL treatment; there was no recurrence of the lesion at any previous site. https://scispace.com/papers/q-distributions-on-boxed-plane-partitions-18thkd7kno 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-modified-tiling-of-a-3x-3x-3-hexagon-and-the-kfkbguyd.png Figure 3. Modified tiling of a 3× 3× 3 hexagon and the corresponding family of non-intersecting paths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-affine-modification-of-lozenges-2vw2xh9a.png Figure 2. Affine modification of lozenges https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tiling-of-a-3x-3x-3-hexagon-2lgobqui.png Figure 1. Tiling of a 3× 3× 3 hexagon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-k-l-block-split-l-4-x-2-1yog8z0u.png Figure 4. Example of (k, l)-block split, l = 4, ξ = 2. https://scispace.com/papers/qfabric-multi-task-change-detection-dataset-b14ugcr836 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-qfabric-statistics-figure-a-shows-number-of-3vxd57b8.png Figure 2. QFabric statistics. Figure A shows number of polygons vs area of polygons, majority of polygons have small area as most of the polygons represent residential and commercial buildings. Some polygons are exceptionally large belonging to large industrial and mega project classes. Figure B shows distribution of tiles vs polygons per tile. Most of the tiles have less than 1500 polygons. Few tiles have large number of polygons as they belong to fast developing cities where lots of construction has been recorded. Figure C and D shows number of polygons per change type and change status classes, respectively. Figure E and F show number of cities per urban and geography classes, respectively. Figure G show the number of polygons for all combinations of change type - change status. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-polygons-from-qfabric-showing-different-2u56c0bd.png Figure 1. Sample polygons from QFabric showing different change type, change status on different dates, neighborhood label(s), and geography label(s). Latitude-longitude of the change polygon is shown along with city name. First row shows construction of a residential property in suburban area of New York, USA. Second row shows a commercial building in an industrial region which used to be farm lands of a fast growing second tier city in China. Third row shows an industrial construction in desert of Doha, Qatar which went from rural barren desert to a sparse urban area in a time period of 5 years. Fourth row shows construction of a road crossing a river in farm lands of rural China. Fifth row shows special case of urban change, demolition of a farm storage in the fast growing city Changzhou in China. Last row shows construction of a power grid unit which comes under mega project type. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-change-status-classification-into-9-classes-using-1jfrjmrq.png Table 4. Change status classification into 9 classes using different networks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-binary-change-detection-result-using-different-3h33gh6w.png Table 2. Binary change detection result using different methods. Metrics used are described in [22]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-confusion-matrix-showing-results-obtained-by-29sil9d5.png Figure 4. Confusion matrix showing results obtained by MultiDate-XdXdUNet on test set for change status tracking. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-confusion-matrix-showing-results-obtained-by-1dvl1h49.png Figure 3. Confusion matrix showing results obtained by MultiDate-XdXdUNet on test set for change type detection. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-change-type-classification-into-6-classes-using-grk9901n.png Table 3. Change type classification into 6 classes using different networks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-change-type-status-and-neighborhood-urban-and-1mlxxyd4.png Figure 5. Change type, status and neighborhood urban and geography type classification on a region from one of the city in test set. https://scispace.com/papers/qm-mm-modeling-of-the-hydroxylation-of-the-androstenedione-3q3ss9ftyw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-main-geometrical-parameters-distances-in-a-and-n35jolta.png Table 4. Main geometrical parameters (distances in Å and angles in degrees) found in the active site of the enzyme at the stationary points (see Scheme 1 for atom labeling). The values are presented for both spin states: doublet and quartet (in brackets). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-relative-qm-mm-energy-decomposition-terms-values-in-280zym8w.png Table 5. Relative QM/MM energy decomposition terms (values in kcal/mol) and gas-phase energies (∆Evac) for the hydrogen abstraction rate-limiting step. Absolute values with the corresponding errors are shown in brackets. Lennard-Jones term has been broken down into substrate (ASD) and cofactor (Cys+heme). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relative-free-energies-obtained-by-means-of-rrho-g-3qmhkchc.png Table 1. Relative free energies obtained by means of RRHO (∆G) and FEP (∆F) for the hydroxylation of ASD in the doublet and quartet spin states (ZPE included in both cases). The basis set used in each calculation is also shown in parentheses. The imaginary frequencies associated with the transition states obtained in the PES explorations are also reported. All energies are expressed in kcal/mol, and frequencies in cm -1 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-atomic-spin-densities-of-selected-atoms-or-fragments-aso4omqh.png Table 3. Atomic Spin Densities of selected atoms or fragments included in the QM atoms of the enzymatic model with the B2 basis set. The values are presented for both spin states: doublet and quartet (in brackets). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-main-geometrical-parameters-distances-in-a-and-51gvjfyf.png Table 4. Main geometrical parameters (distances in Å and angles in degrees) found in the active site of the enzyme at the stationary points (see Scheme 1 for atom labeling). The values are presented for both spin states: doublet and quartet (in brackets). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-relative-qm-mm-energy-decomposition-terms-values-in-1u3qxehc.png Table 5. Relative QM/MM energy decomposition terms (values in kcal/mol) and gas-phase energies (∆Evac) for the hydrogen abstraction rate-limiting step. Absolute values with the corresponding errors are shown in brackets. Lennard-Jones term has been broken down into substrate (ASD) and cofactor (Cys+heme). https://scispace.com/papers/qmet-a-new-quality-assessment-metric-for-no-reference-video-3b9c900qd7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-the-qmet-psnr-and-ssim-evaluated-quality-score-2cj6z2e2.png TABLE IV. THE QMET, PSNR AND SSIM EVALUATED QUALITY SCORE (USING ALL SEQUENCES) FOR EXCELLENT AND VERY-POOR QS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-qmet-psnr-and-ssim-score-for-excellent-and-very-poor-s12dhdhk.png Fig. 8. QMET, PSNR and SSIM score for Excellent and Very-poor QS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-different-sequences-that-score-highest-and-lowest-for-1lfsjjhf.png Fig. 6. Different sequences that score highest and lowest for different QS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-bee-swarm-visualizations-captured-from-et-that-could-3qvvhwzs.png Fig. 7. Bee swarm visualizations captured from ET that could determine the participants gaze locations in a frame. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-more-concentrated-eye-traversing-approach-is-noticed-2qbndsjo.png Fig. 1. More concentrated eye-traversing approach is noticed for relatively better quality contents (e.g. image (a)). Using BQMall sequence, the opposite is observed in (b) for which the pupil-size sharply increases as shown in (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-in-the-figure-a-c-reveal-the-qmet-psnr-and-ssim-1w9rqusw.png Fig. 9. In the Figure, (a~c) reveal the QMET, PSNR and SSIM induced average values for Excellent and Very-poor QS, while (d) indicates the three metrics estimated percentage of variations between the best and worst quality. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-sequences-used-in-this-experiment-34w3ro5x.png TABLE I. SEQUENCES USED IN THIS EXPERIMENT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-individual-contribution-of-angle-distance-and-pupil-1cd33d8y.png Fig. 3. Individual contribution of angle, distance and pupil-size feature and their combined role (bottom-right) in terms of ASET calculation. The QP=5 to QP=50 sequentially present the Excellent to Very-poor quality segments. https://scispace.com/papers/qoe-aware-ott-isp-collaboration-in-service-management-501wst3wm5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-in-terms-of-the-profit-25spor9u.png Fig. 7. Comparison in terms of the profit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-evolution-in-the-number-of-users-for-the-clv-based-3qemt1zg.png Fig. 5. Evolution in the number of users for the CLV-based approach. https://scispace.com/papers/qos-abstraction-layer-in-4g-access-networks-2pyv0bctvg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-example-of-a-handover-using-qosal-interfaces-1nprpt49.png Figure 4.5: Example of a handover using QoSAL interfaces https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-12-specification-of-the-al-ho-execute-service-2otlh90k.png Table 4.12: Specification of the AL-HO-EXECUTE service interface primitive https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-10-specification-of-the-al-resource-degradation-3o0keprt.png Table 4.10: Specification of the AL-RESOURCE-DEGRADATION service interface primitive https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-9-specification-of-the-al-resource-indication-1vi4my7t.png Table 4.9: Specification of the AL-RESOURCE-INDICATION service interface primitive https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-10-the-test-handover-preparation-and-execution-3penj9pj.png Figure 5.10: The test “Handover preparation and execution” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-11-packet-capture-for-the-handover-preparation-and-32lzafgk.png Figure 5.11: Packet capture for the “handover preparation and execution” test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-the-token-bucket-algorithm-2wn3axw0.png Figure 2.1: The token bucket algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-arrival-and-departure-curves-of-an-input-flow-1ii0c3pv.png Figure 2.2: Arrival and departure curves of an input flow with an arrival rate much higher than the token bucket r parameter https://scispace.com/papers/qos-aware-routing-for-real-time-and-reliable-wireless-sensor-b7gtifn3rw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-data-delivery-rate-22dcd605.png Fig. 7: Data delivery rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-classes-of-traffic-2g81hbsr.png TABLE I: Classes of traffic https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cost-802-15-4-mac-33s6rdmm.png Fig. 5: Cost - 802.15.4 MAC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scenario-1-routing-of-data-packet-of-cot3-using-qos-67h5t00r.png Fig. 1: Scenario 1: routing of data packet of CoT3 using QoS-GRACO. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mapping-traffic-classes-to-the-colours-of-preferred-hrwzd9bi.png Fig. 4: Mapping traffic classes to the colours of preferred and alternative pheromones https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scenario-3-routing-of-data-packet-of-cot1-using-qos-334wi7xi.png Fig. 3: Scenario 3: routing of data packet of CoT1 using QoS-GRACO. The packet is forwarded using existing pheromone trails then QoS-aware greedy forwarding until it arrives to its destination. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scenario-2-routing-of-data-packet-of-cot2-using-qos-3ofawnog.png Fig. 2: Scenario 2: routing of data packet of CoT2 using QoS-GRACO. https://scispace.com/papers/qos-aware-resource-allocation-for-mobile-iot-pub-sub-systems-18dvxdj8ct 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-queneing-network-for-the-end-to-end-interaction-p2-to-335wza68.png Fig. 3. Queneing network for the end-to-end interaction: p2 to s1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-resource-synthesis-validation-methodology-22rwl4he.png Fig. 5. Resource synthesis validation methodology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-results-of-synthesis-validation-for-subscribers-1868imu0.png Fig. 7. Results of synthesis validation for subscriber’s intermittent connectivity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-queneing-network-for-pub-sub-broker-node-353edw1g.png Fig. 2. Queneing Network for Pub/Sub Broker Node. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-results-of-synthesis-validation-for-always-connected-2381xqil.png Fig. 6. Results of synthesis validation for always connected subscriber. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pub-sub-system-1wye12jy.png Fig. 1. Pub/Sub System. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-results-from-m-cloudsim-analytical-model-1v11a3vf.png Fig. 4. Comparison of results from M-CloudSim, Analytical Model and MobileJINQS. https://scispace.com/papers/qos-enabled-internet-on-train-network-architecture-inter-2wf3dxdm8v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-testbed-architecture-snzg5ngy.png Fig. 6. The testbed architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-sequence-graph-of-udp-with-hard-handover-for-mmp-sctp-6q5rovks.png Fig. 10. Sequence graph of UDP with hard handover for MMP-SCTP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-setup-of-the-measurement-30rkhhpv.png Fig. 1. Setup of the measurement https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-sequence-graph-of-udp-with-handover-for-mmp-sctp-1c1kiez4.png Fig. 9. Sequence graph of UDP with handover for MMP-SCTP https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-the-test-results-between-gprs-edge-qvs2j3iq.png TABLE I COMPARISON OF THE TEST RESULTS BETWEEN GPRS, EDGE, UMTS AND HSDPA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-data-rate-measurement-during-two-gprs-handovers-3ru36r5n.png Fig. 2. Data rate measurement during two GPRS handovers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-architecture-the-gateway-on-the-central-and-on-the-30y1d1zt.png Fig. 4. Architecture: the gateway on the central and on the train https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-between-mmp-sctp-and-mip-323nsjop.png TABLE II COMPARISON BETWEEN MMP-SCTP AND MIP https://scispace.com/papers/qos-for-ad-hoc-networking-based-on-multiple-metrics-4n7jqna9yl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-transmission-time-with-rtt-method-3nhmg3q4.png Fig. 4. Average transmission time with RTT method https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-transmission-time-with-av-method-z2fwtu9i.png Fig. 3. Average transmission time with AV method https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-generic-qolsr-scheme-3qrax3ef.png Fig. 2. The generic QOLSR scheme https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-window-operation-2ypwfx81.png Fig. 1. Window operation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-data-transmitted-in-varying-node-speeds-273pc06l.png Fig. 5. Data transmitted in varying node speeds https://scispace.com/papers/qos-guaranteed-user-association-in-hetnets-via-semidefinite-3sjwdco7fw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-percentage-of-satisfied-users-versus-qos-requirements-1t980j3c.png Fig. 3. Percentage of satisfied users versus QoS requirements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-percentage-of-satisfied-users-versus-the-total-number-2sho2vte.png Fig. 2. Percentage of satisfied users versus the total number of user accessing the network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-two-tier-hetnet-macro-bs-transmits-higher-power-than-ctfob3hk.png Fig. 1. A two-tier HetNet; macro BS transmits higher power than pico BS. https://scispace.com/papers/qos-contract-aware-reconfiguration-of-component-59njq3h6qj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-e-graph-morphism-illustration-example-f-between-e-iq8bxdvj.png Fig. 3. E-Graph morphism illustration example f between e-graphs G and H, f : G→ H. E-graph morphisms are used as typing relationships between e-graphs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-e-graph-de-nition-an-e-graph-extends-the-usual-de-s6qib5tw.png Fig. 2. E-Graph de nition. An e-graph extends the usual de nition of a base graph, (V1, E1, source1, target1), with (i) V2, the set of attribution nodes; (ii) E2 and E3, the sets of attribution edges; and (iii) the corresponding source and target functions for E2 and E3, used to associate the attributes for V1 and E1, respectively, to V2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-qos-contractual-conditions-and-corresponding-service-1k3em21n.png Table 2. QoS contractual conditions and corresponding service level objectives for the availability property (based on network bandwidth in kbit/s). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-qos-contract-example-on-con-dentiality-for-the-video-2cycyonc.png Table 3. QoS contract example on con dentiality for the video-conference system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-qos-contract-in-e-graph-notation-for-the-video-cxw59k15.png Fig. 8. QoS Contract, in e-graph notation, for the video-conference example. This contract speci es the netComp component (cf. Fig. 6) as the QoSGuarantor, and an AccessPointProbe on this component as the QoSMonitor for the con dentiality QoS property. This monitor is used by the system to continually check the changes in the context conditions and violations of the actual SLO. In our example, the initial context condition is a connection fromIntranet, and the corresponding SLO is to maintain a clearChannel. A context change in connection fromIntranet to fromExtranet triggers the application of the respective recon guration rule set, R.con dentChannel. Then, the new context condition would be activated (connection fromExtranet). (cf. Tab. 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-e-graph-reference-de-nition-for-qos-contracts-1603csk4.png Fig. 7. E-graph reference de nition for QoS contracts. Following [22] and [13], we dene a QoS contract on QoS properties (QoSProperty). For each property, a set of service level objective obligations (SLOObligation) is speci ed. An SLO obligation establishes (i) the possible context conditions (contextCondition) of system execution; (ii) the SLO to be ful lled (SLOPredicate) under these conditions; and (iii) a guaranteeing recon guration rule set (QoSRuleSet) to be applied in case of SLO violation. The QoSGuarantor refers to the system element that should provide the contracted functionality under the speci ed SLO obligations. The identi cation and noti cation of context changes and of SLOs violations is a responsibility of the QoSMonitor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-recon-gured-system-architecture-in-e-graph-notation-37z2hvul.png Fig. 10. Recon gured system architecture in e-graph notation. This new system structure ful lls the SLO (con dentChannel) for the new context condition (network connection fromExtranet), as speci ed in the contract illustrated in Fig. 8. The added components are highlighted (shaded). Further details omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-component-based-structure-cbs-is-de-ned-as-an-e-38p4yfm6.png Fig. 4. The Component-Based Structure, CBS, is de ned as an e-graph where each of the graph nodes represents each of the CBSE elements. The graph edges correspond to the relationships among these elements, meanwhile the data edges, to their corresponding attributes; QoSProvision is a special attribute for components, ports and connectors to express that they warrant a particular QoS condition, such as providing a secure connection to a network. The data nodes represent the types of these attributes. https://scispace.com/papers/qos-prediction-for-web-service-compositions-using-kernel-2xwx76adkk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-related-work-overview-33g09f4d.png Table 4 Related work – overview. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-time-varying-rts-of-online-web-service-6rh6i923.png Fig. 12. Time-varying RTs of online web service. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-comparison-of-the-performance-of-the-kernel-based-1fk87xpe.png Table 10 Comparison of the performance of the Kernel-based Quantile Estimator (KQ), Kernel-based Quantile estimator with Online Adaptation of Constant Offset (KQOA) and the probabilistic approach using Boostrap-Based Simulations (BBMC) on the E-Health Dataset. PI1 equals the cumulative pinball loss, PI2(%) is the probability an estimator with true quantile value 99% causes equal or more violations and fv ;test is the number of violations in the test set per 100 datapoints. The chosen hyperparameters for KQOA and/ or KQ are: r ¼ 50; k ¼ 0:01 and g ¼ 0:02. The chosen window-size for BBMC equals 300. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-confusion-matrix-2j61k9lw.png Table 11 Confusion matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-pinball-loss-function-used-for-quantile-estimation-on-e6eh9k52.png Fig. 8. Pinball loss function used for quantile estimation. On the figure s equals 0:8. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-toy-dataset-used-to-illustrate-the-kernel-based-230822bz.png Table 7 Toy dataset used to illustrate the kernel-based quantile estimator with online adaptation of the constant offset. The time, input vector and output vector are denoted respectively as t; xt and yt . The kernel-based quantile estimator without and with online adaptation are denoted respectively as f and gt . The function gt equals f plus the online adaptation function dt . The quantile parameter s equals 0:75. For simplicity we use fixed hyperparameters: the regularization parameter k equals 0, the kernel is linear and the learning rate g equals 0:1. The first four datapoints are training data and the last four data points are test data. The initial value of the online adaptation parameter (d5) is set to 0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-qos-computations-for-composite-services-rti-tpi-rpi-1vm3hhd0.png Table 5 QoS computations for composite services. RTi; TPi;RPi ;RLi ;Ai and Ci are respectively the response time, throughput, reliability, availability and cost of the ith service. There are a total of m services which are part of a sequence, parallel execution or switch. In case of a switch the expected value is calculated where pi is the probability that service i is executed. In case of a loop one service is executed k times. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-comparison-of-the-performance-of-the-kernel-based-2coy4eo0.png Table 8 Comparison of the performance of the Kernel-based Quantile Estimator with Online Adaptation of Constant Offset (KQOA) and the Sliding Window Quantile Estimator (SWQ) on the Movie Dataset (a) and the Movie Dataset with an increase of 15s in response time of 50 randomly selected test set datapoints (b). PI1 equals the cumulative pinball loss, PI2(%) is the probability an estimator with true quantile value 99% causes equal or more violations and fv;test is the number of violations in the test set per 100 datapoints. https://scispace.com/papers/qtl-mapping-an-innovative-method-for-investigating-the-o6oogd70j8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-yeast-strains-used-in-this-study-ujr5txp2.png Table 1: Yeast strains used in this study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-yeast-ranked-by-the-concentration-of-l-malic-acid-kb9bz5nz.png Fig. 2 a) Yeast ranked by the concentration of L-malic acid that was able to be consumed by SB3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-af-and-mlf-measures-used-to-perform-qtl-mapping-bn-3gsex2he.png Table 2: AF and MLF measures used to perform QTL mapping, BN progeny evaluation or statistical analysis for comparison of hemizygous strains with their corresponding SBxGN hybrids. Abbreviations, if assigned, are shown below: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-time-taken-for-sb3-to-complete-malolactic-1xgp88dk.png Fig. 4 a) Time taken for SB3 to complete malolactic fermentation during co-inoculation with SBxGN, S∆G092 and G∆S092. Bar colour indicates the yeast SSU1 genotype. Significant differences (ANOVA, Tukey post-hoc; p < 0.05) between yeast are indicated by *. b) L-malic acid consumption over time by SB3 when co-inoculated with SBxGN (triangle), S∆G092 (circle) or G∆S092 (square). Lines demonstrate fitting of local polynomial regression using the R-loess function, span = 0.75. c) Time to complete alcoholic fermentation for yeast alone (filled bars) vs yeast co-inoculated with SB3 (colourless bars). Significant differences (ANOVA, Tukey post-hoc; p < 0.05) are indicated by *. d) Total sugar consumption over time by SBxGN (triangle), S∆G092 (circle) and G∆S092 (square) alone (dark), or co-inoculated with SB3 (light). Lines demonstrate fitting of local polynomial regression using the R-loess function, span = 0.8. Values are the mean of triplicates and error bars are the standard deviation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-representation-of-the-translocation-located-in-sbxgn-3penc61s.png Fig. 3 Representation of the translocation located in SBxGN that results in increased SSU1 gene expression due to reduced proximity between SSU1 and promotor regions. SBxGN has an XV-t-XVI translocation that leads to a single copy of wild-type XV and XVI chromosomes (all black) and reciprocal XV and XVI translocated chromosomes (black and white). Hemizygous strains SΔG092 and GΔS092 with a single functional SSU1 allele (orange) were generated to perform a reciprocal hemizygosity assay. Hemizygous strains were created by replacing a single copy of SSU1 with a KanMX cassette (blue) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-l-malic-acid-concentration-measured-over-the-course-2v9v41m3.png Fig. 1 a) L-malic acid concentration measured over the course of the experiment for yeast-alone fermentations for the population of 67 SBxGN yeast progeny. Values are the mean of duplicates. b) All yeast-alone strains ranked by percentage of L-malic acid consumption (positive %) or production (negative %), measured at the end of the experiment in relation to the starting L-malic acid concentration of 2.5 g L-1. Percentages were calculated from the mean of duplicates. Colours indicate yeast parental strains: BN (orange), SB (blue) and GN (purple). All other yeast progeny are shown in green. c) MLF progress measured for yeast co-inoculated with SB3 LAB. Values are the mean of triplicates. The horizontal line at 0.1 g L-1 indicates when MLF was deemed complete. d) All yeast strains in co-inoculations with SB3 LAB were ranked by the percentage of L-malic acid consumed, measured at the end of the experiment. Percentages were calculated from the mean of triplicates. Colours are the same as panel b https://scispace.com/papers/quadratic-electro-optic-effects-in-bacteriorhodopsin-2slm3izlcn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-local-field-factors-a-2biyzn00.png TABLE I. Local field factors.a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-view-of-the-chromophore-binding-site-of-light-2vxjqut5.png FIG. 7. A view of the chromophore binding site of light-adapted bacteriorhodopsin based on the model proposed by Henderson and co-workers obtained from electron cryomicroscopy diffraction studies~Ref. 9!. The chromophore cavity used in the calculation of the Lorentz and Onsager elliptical local field calculations is superimposed. The numbers shown in parentheses give the center of mass displacements above~po itive, out of the paper! and below~negative, into the paper! the chromophore polyene chain~i the plane of the paper!. The putative position of calcium~II ! is based on two-photon studies~Ref. 25!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-photocycle-of-light-adapted-gsrx46u5.png FIG. 1. Schematic diagram of the photocycle of light adapted bacteriorhodopsin ~left! and absorption spectra of selected intermediates~right!. Bold letters denote intermediates in the photocycle, and approximate absorption maxima of the intermediates are shown in nm. The abbreviationbR denotes the ground state of light adapted bacteriorhodopsin. Arrows without the label ‘‘hn ’’ indicate thermal decay. The three wavelengths used in our electro-optical measurements are indicated with vertical bars at right. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-values-used-to-calculatessor-sor-1f2jejs3.png TABLE III. Values used to calculatessor,sor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-apparatus-used-to-measure-the-nonlinear-16isggg9.png FIG. 2. The apparatus used to measure the nonlinear electrooptical properties of the protein thin films. Thex1 , x2 , and x3 axes were taken as a coordinate system fixed inside the film, where thex3 axis is perpendicular to the film surface andx1 and x2 are parallel to the film surface. Also,u denotes the incident angle of the laser andenotes an effective propagation angle of the laser inside the film. The relative thickness of the glass substrate is unrealistically small for graphical convenience. https://scispace.com/papers/quadrupole-moments-of-the-first-excited-states-in-20ne-and-4oaoj2ywls 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-calculated-differential-cross-sections-for-coulomb-wmsjprbk.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-reduced-matrix-elements-3a5mtcwy.png Table 5. Comparison of reduced matrix elements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cqfx00ob.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-the-experimental-results-for-22ne-axv3u7tz.png Table 3. Summary of the experimental results for 22Ne. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1osivip6.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-the-b-e20-2-values-from-various-2eice6mx.png Table 4. . ( + +) Comparison of the B E2,0 -+2 values from various experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1fms709c.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-typical-results-of-the-experiments-and-least-square-8jk6ubs4.png Fig. 4. Typical results. of the experiments and least-square fittings on 20Ne. The solid lines show the best fit curves for the experimental points, and the 20 dashed lines show the curves with Q( Ne) = 0. The data in (a) shown by open circles (at 70 MeV) are higher than the "safe energy" and were not included https://scispace.com/papers/qualification-standard-for-photovoltaic-concentrator-modules-4xivnrtxsc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-two-linear-concentrator-modules-ready-for-1eocg9sq.png Figure 1. a) Two linear concentrator modules ready for qualification standard testing, at the Photovoltaic Testing Laboratory at Arizona State University East. b) A receiver for the linear concentrator receiver tests. https://scispace.com/papers/quadrotor-multibody-modelling-by-vehiclesim-adaptive-1hbq4mt84a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-pitch-accelerations-corresponding-to-1-meter-31luyxw3.png Figure 13. Pitch accelerations corresponding to 1 meter longitudinal displacement for different aerodynamic models: elastic complete aerodynamic model (red), elastic corrected model (green) and rigid simple model (black). The corrected acceleration is then used to calculate the control action, as shown in (36). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-cartesian-coordinate-systems-associated-2zzx2fgq.png Figure 1. Example of Cartesian coordinate systems associated to different bodies in VSLisp and their parent-child structure. Besides their degrees of freedom and restrictions, each body has some other characteristic parameters. These are represented by the symbol of the parameter with a subscript indicating the body it is referred to, so the mass of a body named E is ME, the position of its mass centre is MCE and so on. The definition of one body in VS-Lisp is shown below, which in this case corresponds to the main quadrotor’s structure: (add-body :name “str” https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-control-parameters-values-1wv8fr8f.png Table 1. Control parameters’ values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-control-actions-applied-for-1-meter-and-5-meters-1da2k7kz.png Figure 9. Control actions applied for 1 meter and 5 meters longitudinal displacement, comparing step reference and smooth reference inputs for the rigid simple model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-responses-to-step-and-smooth-1nlbm1zl.png Figure 8. Comparison of responses to step and smooth reference signals for different longitudinal displacements on the Xn axis. (a) 1 and 5 meters translation, (b) 10 and 20 meters translation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-of-the-parameters-defining-the-bodies-in-vs-1fcoqxe6.png Table 2. Values of the parameters defining the bodies in VS-Lisp and parameters used in the simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-control-actions-corresponding-to-rotor-1-for-1-2mb8r0ik.png Figure 12. Control actions corresponding to rotor 1 for 1 meter longitudinal displacement. Elastic complete aerodynamic model (red) and rigid simple aerodynamic model (black). The appearance of oscillations in the control actions could cause destabilisation in the vehicle’s performance, therefore it exits the need to reduce the oscillations in the control moments. For this purpose, an adaptive process has been designed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-control-actions-for-achieving-trajectories-in-1qimzwzz.png Figure 16. Control actions for achieving trajectories in Figure 15 for different models. (a) Control moment applied to rotors 1 and 3, (b) Control moment applied to rotors 2 and 4. https://scispace.com/papers/qualification-of-the-mexiico-loop-dedicated-to-nuclear-power-112xfs0n3w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-helium-injection-loop-2e106r8s.png Fig. 6. The helium injection loop. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pressure-and-temperature-protocol-for-the-cycle-800-2i6bt4mr.png Fig. 7. Pressure and temperature protocol for the cycle 800 °C and 800 bar. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-mass-flowrate-downstream-of-the-valve-2sm2w44e.png Fig. 21. Mass flowrate downstream of the valve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-evolution-of-the-temperature-along-the-loop-according-dc61x8o9.png Fig. 22. Evolution of the temperature along the loop according to the flow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-32-residence-time-sensitivity-to-uncertainty-in-the-7uzx8l4m.png Fig. 32. Residence time: sensitivity to uncertainty in the flowrate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-radius-of-the-throttle-valve-versus-upstream-pressure-1gqxsi0u.png Fig. 11. Radius of the throttle valve versus upstream pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-evolution-of-the-instantaneous-flowrate-versus-time-at-gjw1x879.png Fig. 8. Evolution of the instantaneous flowrate versus time at the outlet of the circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-zoom-on-the-domain-of-study-at-the-cross-of-the-346o1dxi.png Fig. 10. zoom on the domain of study at the cross of the throttle valve. https://scispace.com/papers/qualitative-comparative-analysis-as-a-method-for-project-orln2z0sr4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-steps-to-implement-qca-on-ndps-22zlptln.png Figure 1. Steps to Implement QCA on NDPs https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-raw-data-table-2wfbnkum.png Table 4. Raw Data Table https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-related-to-the-outcome-of-interest-within-50-1lxiexat.png Table 6. Results related to the outcome of interest “within 50%” cost overruns https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-related-to-the-outcome-of-interest-within-25-2k8dqgzr.png Table 5. Results related to the outcome of interest “within 25%” cost overruns” . and “within 50%” cost overruns https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2zj8960b.png Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-supersubset-of-the-ndp-characteristics-both-for-the-3lteyhwz.png Figure 2. superSubset of the NDP characteristics both for the outcome “within 25%” and “within 50%” cost overruns. “IncN” stands for inclusion of necessity”, “CovN” stands for “coverage of necessity”. Noteworthy results are highlighted in light blue and light orange. The meaning of lower and uppercase is explained in https://scispace.com/papers/qualitative-behavior-of-numerical-traveling-solutions-for-4rwyz9dnq5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-domain-of-dependence-3svybmtj.png Figure 1. Domain of dependence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-graph-of-cthdmth-226d2ti6.png Figure 4. The graph of cþðmÞ: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-numerical-solutions-obtained-using-methods-dnth1rn-1yc5igtm.png Figure 8. Numerical solutions obtained using methods Dnþ1Rn – oscillatory behaviour. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-numerical-solution-obtained-using-method-dnth1rn-2o21fdu0.png Figure 7. Numerical solution obtained using method Dnþ1Rn – stable behaviour. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-numerical-traveling-wave-solutions-computed-with-2gqd227g.png Figure 6. Numerical traveling wave solutions computed with method DnRn: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-numerical-solutions-obtained-by-method-dnrn-stable-2k7x2pfg.png Figure 2. Numerical solutions obtained by method DnRn – stable behaviour. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-traveling-waves-for-u0dxth-1-4-hdxth-and-u0dxth-1-4-1re7rbp5.png Figure 5. Traveling waves for u0ðxÞ ¼ HðxÞ and u0ðxÞ ¼ em ð xþcþðm ÞtÞ: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-numerical-solutions-obtained-by-method-dnrn-xmnrhnvk.png Figure 3. Numerical solutions obtained by method DnRn – unstable behaviour. https://scispace.com/papers/qualitative-comparison-of-open-source-sdn-controllers-4j2cdwmliy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-common-sdn-controller-architecture-1cl7c3th.png Fig 1: Common SDN Controller Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-port-mirroring-for-dpi-network-probing-m0lujubf.png Fig 3: Port Mirroring for DPI network probing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-traffic-probing-in-a-mobile-telecoms-network-1tkodvhi.png Fig 2: Traffic probing in a mobile telecoms network https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-functionality-comparison-of-northbound-m3i3fi4n.png Table 1 Summary of Functionality Comparison of Northbound Interfaces https://scispace.com/papers/qualitative-market-research-online-easier-said-than-typed-cidmirn8s3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-word-count-rated-self-disclosure-1-6-and-2jj31blm.png Table 3. Average word count, rated self-disclosure (1-6) and time spent as a function of communication mode (Study 2, Standard deviations in parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-word-count-and-change-in-self-disclosure-as-a-qwuxhmr3.png Figure 1. Word Count and change in self-disclosure as a function of the partner’s response length and response submission speed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-anova-results-for-the-between-subjects-factors-13a9oifn.png Table 2. The ANOVA results for the between subjects factors (focus group types, gender, and session, Study 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-word-count-and-self-disclosure-rated-and-self-40b6u3jy.png Table 1. Word count and self-disclosure (rated and self-reported) as a function of Focus group type and gender (Study 1) https://scispace.com/papers/qualitative-identification-of-cracks-using-3d-transient-1h06xn1uyd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cylindrical-shell-elastic-single-experiment-1zs8e46h.png Figure 5: Cylindrical shell (elastic), single experiment: identification of a single crack. (a)(c): normalized TD field T̂0; (d)-(f): reconstructed domain S0.8; (g)-(i): optimal normals nopt0.8,0 at sampling points https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cylindrical-shell-elastic-single-experiment-299tj1s6.png Figure 6: Cylindrical shell (elastic), single experiment: identification of a single crack, noisy data. (a)-(c): reconstructed domain S0.7; (d)-(f): optimal normals n opt https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-identification-of-a-penny-shaped-rigid-screen-in-an-21vhw63a.png Figure 2: Identification of a penny-shaped rigid screen in an acoustic unit cube. (a)-(c): normalized TD field T̂0; (d)-(f): reconstructed domain Sλ; (g)-(i): optimal normals noptλ at sampling points https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cylindrical-shell-cumulated-experiments-5v0xmnl0.png Figure 7: Cylindrical shell, cumulated experiments: identification of a single crack. (a)-(c): normalized TD field T̂0; (d)-(f): reconstructed domain Sλ; (g)-(i): optimal normals noptλ,0 at sampling points https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-identification-of-a-penny-shaped-crack-in-an-2rc8dtl3.png Figure 3: Identification of a penny-shaped crack in an elastic unit cube. (a)-(c): normalized TD field T̂0; (d)-(f): reconstructed domain Sλ; (g)-(i): optimal normals noptλ at sampling points https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cracked-cubic-domain-2iftltik.png Figure 1: Cracked cubic domain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cylindrical-shell-single-experiment-identification-y0tadzc5.png Figure 8: Cylindrical shell, single experiment: identification of a double crack https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-infinitesimal-elliptical-crack-reconstruction-s0-8-2zuthcjd.png Figure 9: Infinitesimal elliptical crack: reconstruction S0.8 for several choices of the elastic moment tensor https://scispace.com/papers/qualitative-spatial-reasoning-wwdscuxji3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-saax14c6.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-35ejali5.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1vg9czrt.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hexqy1y7.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-1x45nmm0.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2s1x9w3q.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3m17a1po.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-7kp942zz.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/qualitative-research-and-its-methods-in-epilepsy-4viq96axgh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-layer-1-of-the-matrics-outcomes-being-investigated-ztkt8tji.png Figure 1. Layer 1 of the MATRICS: Outcomes being investigated in CONSTRUCT according to an integrated approach to the methods and outcomes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-combining-qualitative-and-quantitative-research-24jd3vzw.png Table 2. Combining qualitative and quantitative research methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-methodologists-and-methodologies-27nb78n9.png Table 3. Methodologists and methodologies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-differences-between-qualitative-and-quantitative-2yeategu.png Table 1. Differences between qualitative and quantitative research https://scispace.com/papers/quality-and-readability-of-english-language-internet-4wzrk5m3eu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-steps-taken-to-conduct-the-searches-1bcpnit8.png Table 1. Steps taken to conduct the searches. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-origin-date-of-last-update-quality-discern-score-and-2oi0q8be.png Table 4. Origin, date of last update, quality (DISCERN score and Health On the Net certification), and readability (Flesch Reading Ease Score, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Formula, and Simple Measure of Gobledygook) for the 66 websites assessed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-principles-of-the-health-on-the-net-hon-foundation-2qaye784.png Table 3. Principles of the Health On the Net (HON) Foundation code of conduct (Boyer et al, 1998). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-origin-of-the-66-websites-assessed-gr3mo18v.png Figure 1. Origin of the 66 websites assessed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-date-of-last-update-of-the-66-websites-assessed-23dp7qq4.png Figure 2. Date of last update of the 66 websites assessed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-discern-score-according-to-website-origin-3cjckf23.png Figure 3. Mean DISCERN score according to website origin (government, commercial, or non-profit organization). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-discern-quality-criteria-for-consumer-health-2xwv9ejh.png Table 2. DISCERN quality criteria for consumer health information on treatment choices (Charnock et al, 1999): items and mean and standard deviation in the sample of 66 websites assessed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-aspects-of-information-accessibility-that-were-not-2iun0ojb.png Table 6. Aspects of information accessibility that were not assessed in this study. See Web Accessibility Initiative website (www.w3.org/WAI) for more information. https://scispace.com/papers/quality-assurance-in-higher-education-analysis-of-grades-for-xjg0so6h1g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-intercorrelations-between-grades-33tkhu2r.png Table 3 Intercorrelations between grades https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-construct-analysis-of-grades-2kev4vc0.png Table 2 Construct analysis of grades https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-intercorrelation-between-grades-2h34rv7a.png Table 6 Intercorrelation between grades https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-condensed-design-of-the-procedure-defining-the-level-26m0qqjq.png Table 7 Condensed design of the procedure defining the level of degree courses (DLDC)1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-and-sd-from-grades-course-subjects-students-n-2l0608jp.png Table 4 Mean and SD from grades Course subjects Students (n = 150) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-construct-analysis-of-grades-3n8g7geq.png Table 5 Construct analysis of grades https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-procedure-developing-curriculum-realizing-the-course-3ktfnay7.png Table 8 Procedure developing curriculum realizing the course level, extending the procedure defining the level of degree courses (DLDC) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-and-sd-from-grades-course-subjects-m-sd-2a8zv68v.png Table 1 Mean and SD from grades Course subjects M SD https://scispace.com/papers/qualities-and-practices-of-professional-social-work-1qkbwoq1zc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-paragraph-2-model-the-way-22adxwhg.png Figure 2. Paragraph 2: model the way. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-paragraph-3-challenge-the-process-35xmdbpc.png Figure 5. Paragraph 3: challenge the process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-paragraph-1-model-the-way-3oux9nd7.png Figure 1. Paragraph 1: model the way. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-clinical-and-professional-governance-in-the-t526tnhq.png Figure 6. Clinical and professional governance in the Auckland District Health Board. Source: Auckland District Health Board, 2007; ©2007, reproduced with kind permission of Auckland District Health Board. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-paragraph-2-challenge-the-process-33evampj.png Figure 4. Paragraph 2: challenge the process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-paragraph-1-challenge-the-process-6s6fx5n4.png Figure 3. Paragraph 1: challenge the process. https://scispace.com/papers/quality-and-learning-aspects-of-the-first-9000-spirometries-13q5zwdao5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-quality-grade-for-all-subjects-in-lg1-and-lg2-showing-1clgjocl.png Fig. 1 Quality grade for all subjects in LG1 and LG2 showing higher grades (i.e., better quality) with continuously displayed on-screen quality grade in LG1 compared to LG2 when quality grade was obtained after the test was completed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lg1-quality-grade-displayed-continuously-on-screen-3v8h60x1.png Fig. 2 LG1—quality grade displayed continuously on screen, Subjects in groups arranged in consecutive order https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-spirometry-data-of-participants-lg1-3rvub4b7.png Table 1. Demographic and spirometry data of participants LG1 and LG2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-grading-of-quality-in-terms-of-repeatability-lg1-34rwr9ci.png Table 2. Grading of quality in terms of repeatability; LG1 (Jaeger) vs. LG2 (MIR) https://scispace.com/papers/quality-based-explanations-of-incumbency-effects-51q24ut5rj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-channels-for-quality-based-incumbency-effects-dyty8k7g.png Figure 1: Channels for quality-based incumbency effects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-quality-of-winning-candidates-as-a-function-of-1l0jbf3o.png Figure 3: The quality of winning candidates as a function of the quality of the candidate pool and the type of contest (binary case) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-distribution-of-candidate-types-among-marginal-1hjtdp1q.png Figure 2: The distribution of candidate types among marginal winners and losers of open-seat elections, given an asymmetric distribution of candidate types https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-three-types-symmetric-and-asymmetric-distributions-tcxwc15e.png Figure 4: Three types: symmetric and asymmetric distributions of quality that yield balance on quality following open-seat contests https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-re-running-by-marginal-winners-and-losers-in-u-s-lh7a2q0g.png Table 1: Re-running by marginal winners and losers in U.S. elections https://scispace.com/papers/quality-competition-in-retailing-a-structural-analysis-1mr3141s2u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-lorenz-curves-size-distribution-of-firms-kib9rw9l.png Figure 1: Lorenz Curves (Size Distribution of Firms) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-grocery-firm-regressions-3o7sqqdr.png Table 2: Grocery Firm Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-absence-of-local-monopoly-19fih7lb.png Table 6: The Absence of Local Monopoly https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-concentration-in-local-markets-the-dartboard-57x8mqb6.png Table 7: Concentration in Local Markets (The Dartboard) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-store-characteristics-by-firm-type-26pe56kj.png Table 1: Store Characteristics by Firm Type https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-quality-regressions-10xzsfk9.png Table 3: Quality Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distinguising-the-submarkets-12ifadtv.png Figure 2: Distinguising the Submarkets https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-restricted-model-nf76nx8d.png Table 4: Restricted Model https://scispace.com/papers/quality-enhancement-of-gamma-camera-spect-images-via-the-4dhz7hjkjo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-estimates-of-three-radiologists-in-three-yhs0sj20.png Table 3. The estimates of three radiologists in three discrete rounds for the original ranked grade, average, standard deviation (stdev), and S/N values via Eq.(1). The stdev values were obtained from nine ranked grades, yi, in each group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-jvj48ob5.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3mst24nc.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-confidence-levels-of-six-factors-under-study-2px24idz.png Table 4. The confidence levels of six factors under study related to the gamma camera scan protocol effectiveness. A factor is considered significant if its confidence level is no less than 99%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-18srn945.png Fig. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-precise-calculation-of-the-revised-students-t-on8584tx.png Table 5. The precise calculation of the revised Student’s t-test for MDD. The channel number, as adopted in Eq.(7), was obtained for the of specific case of SPECT (cf. Fig. 5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hk9tqjjs.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-3sjz0ijs.png Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/papers/quality-factor-due-to-roughness-scattering-of-shear-uvuo2qi7g3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-showing-the-propagation-geometry-and-b-the-1e47wp9a.png FIG. 1. a Schematic showing the propagation geometry and b the influence of the roughness exponent H for three surfaces with the same w and . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-calculations-of-qs-vs-x-k-for-various-y6zzd25k.png FIG. 4. Color online Calculations of Qs vs x =k for various lateral roughness correlation lengths, H=0.7, w=3 nm, and ao=0.3 nm. The inset shows calculations of Qs vs x =k for various roughness amplitudes w, =60 nm, H=0.7, and ao=0.3 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-calculations-of-qs-vs-x-k-for-various-2tpidg1i.png FIG. 3. Color online Calculations of Qs vs x =k for various roughness exponents H, w=3 nm, =60 nm, and ao=0.3 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-calculations-of-12-vs-x-k-for-two-3n89cdir.png FIG. 2. Color online Calculations of 1,2 vs x =k for two different roughness exponents, w=3 nm, =60 nm, and ao=0.3 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/quality-improvement-in-african-food-supply-chains-z9cygjp754 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-conventional-and-modern-value-chains-source-adapted-3tgbvl4w.png Figure 2. Conventional and modern value chains; Source: Adapted from Tefera et al. (2016b) 2 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-malt-barley-farmers-by-po-membership-and-type-of-1ta8x3qb.png Figure 3. Malt barley farmers by PO membership and type of value chains 12 (Source: Author’s Design) 13 14 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlation-matrix-1-3mi9dill.png Table 4. Correlation matrix 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parameter-estimates-of-the-ordered-logistic-quality-8zza7nq6.png Table 5. Parameter estimates of the ordered logistic quality improvement model 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-selected-producer-organizations-1lnb9dfk.png Table 1.Characteristics of selected producer organizations and the size of the member samples 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-marginal-effects-from-ordered-logit-quality-1r38lyx1.png Table 6. Marginal effects from ordered logit quality improvement model 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-expected-effect-of-variables-on-quality-improvement-96d5xqrh.png Table 2. Expected effect of variables on quality improvement 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-net-income-and-product-quality-relation-3-4-1jvh7a0u.png Figure 4. Net income and product quality relation 3 4 https://scispace.com/papers/quality-indicators-for-bladder-cancer-services-a-4t30yx6uhn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-recommended-quality-indicators-for-non-muscle-2q4jh1na.png Table 2 – Recommended quality indicators for non–muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-recommended-quality-indicators-for-general-aspects-1ueb8qp1.png Table 4 – Recommended quality indicators for general aspects of bladder cancer services https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-post-turbt-intravesical-therapeutic-options-for-7qq8kpdg.png Table 1 – Post-TURBT intravesical therapeutic options for patients with non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer when BCG is available, in shortage, or absent, and for other alterative options https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-recommended-quality-indicators-for-muscle-invasive-27kxz38k.png Table 3 – Recommended quality indicators for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) https://scispace.com/papers/quality-measures-in-uncertain-data-management-164kldcfs6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-data-sets-pws-possible-worlds-208k7jbm.png Fig. 5. Data sets (pws = possible worlds) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-precision-and-recall-cjn132xk.png Fig. 4. Precision and recall https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-xquery-function-for-ranking-query-results-wsxb71n8.png Fig. 3. XQuery function for ranking query results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-movie-database-in-imprecise-and-trio-3nrbxion.png Fig. 1. Example movie database in IMPrECISE and Trio https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-answer-quality-x-marks-an-incorrect-answer-xz81c4e9.png Table 1. Answer quality (‘X’ marks an incorrect answer) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-uncertainty-density-and-decisiveness-dav79jzg.png Fig. 6. Uncertainty density and decisiveness https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-examples-of-uncertainty-density-and-decisiveness-uu3azdyw.png Fig. 2. Examples of uncertainty density and decisiveness https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-density-vs-decisiveness-o3d5v1mq.png Fig. 7. Density vs. Decisiveness https://scispace.com/papers/quality-of-aphid-honeydew-for-a-parasitoid-varies-as-a-4mtwcftdhz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1u0maf66.png Figure 3. https://scispace.com/papers/quality-of-care-indicators-for-muscle-invasive-bladder-40iu5nl7ci 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-final-quality-of-care-indicators-and-results-of-the-2i5nkijv.png Table 3. Final quality of care indicators and results of the baseline study https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-quality-of-care-indicators-and-the-defined-benchmark-76fdi34o.png Table 1. Quality of care indicators and the defined benchmark https://scispace.com/papers/quality-of-life-1-year-after-laparoscopic-sleeve-gastrectomy-6ffaz6j2e5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-i-improvement-in-quality-of-life-over-time-all-2keprtms.png Fig. 2 a–i Improvement in quality of life over time. All values are mean, whiskers show standard error of the mean (SEM). LSG laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, LRYGB laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, GerdQ Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire, BAROS Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System, GIQLI Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index, SF-36 Short Form (36) Health Survey, EQ-5D EuroQol 5 Dimensions self-report questionnaire, ACQ AsthmaControl Questionnaire,DSEQDutch Sweet Eating Questionnaire https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-body-mass-index-excess-weight-loss-and-complications-1bk57rf9.png Table 4 Body mass index, excess weight loss, and complications https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-body-mass-index-over-time-bmi-body-mass-index-lsg-1j4vpmjo.png Fig. 3 Body mass index over time. BMI body mass index, LSG laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, LRYGB laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-lsg-n-76-lrygb-n-74-p-51sk04ha.png Table 1 Baseline characteristics LSG (n = 76) LRYGB (n = 74) p valuea https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flowchart-of-patient-inclusion-and-received-treatment-16vy0j62.png Fig. 1 Flowchart of patient inclusion and received treatment. LSG laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, LRYGB laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-differences-in-quality-of-life-before-surgery-2-2l7emipu.png Table 2 Differences in quality of life before surgery, 2 months after surgery, and 12 months after surgery https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-improvement-in-quality-of-life-over-time-28lokypa.png Table 3 Improvement in quality of life over time https://scispace.com/papers/quality-of-life-and-stress-response-symptoms-in-long-term-14j31eleqc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptives-of-qol-subscales-for-spouses-during-3lmfm05l.png Table 2 Descriptives of QoL subscales for spouses during testicular cancer, spouses after testicular cancer and a reference group https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptives-of-the-stress-response-of-spouses-16pvfji1.png Table 3 Descriptives of the stress response of spouses during testicular cancer, spous https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptives-for-the-spouses-and-testicular-cancer-35v4pghs.png Table 1 Descriptives for the spouses and testicular cancer survivors https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptives-of-stress-response-for-different-types-g1ql4vt5.png Table 4 Descriptives of stress response for different types of treatment https://scispace.com/papers/quality-of-life-of-patients-with-gastrointestinal-cancers-5bf0ah0ol6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-observed-filled-circles-and-predicted-filled-squares-ui76o5j8.png Fig. 1 a Observed (filled circles) and predicted (filled squares) trajectories of QOL-PV scores across the six assessments. b Observed (filled circles) and predicted (filled squares) trajectories of PCS scores across the six assessments. c Observed (filled circles) and predicted (filled squares) trajectories of MCS scores across the six assessments https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-the-multilevel-regression-analyses-of-the-1pa25u2z.png Table 2 Results of the multilevel regression analyses of the Quality Of Life-ScalePatient Version scores reported by patients with gastrointestinal cancers who received chemotherapy https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-clinical-characteristics-of-patients-6g0xey8z.png Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with gastrointestinal cancers who received chemotherapy (n = 397) https://scispace.com/papers/quality-of-life-trajectories-in-survivors-of-acute-4ru48uzpja 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-from-multi-level-modelling-of-eq-vas-scores-1fndpp0h.png Table 2: Results from multi-level modelling of EQ-VAS scores (regression coefficients, 95% confidence intervals), stratified according to AMI phenotype. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-baseline-characteristics-stratified-by-stemi-2r5o556t.png Table 1: Patient baseline characteristics, stratified by STEMI and NSTEMI https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-predictors-of-class-membership-reference-class-3-22liwtpr.png Table 3: Predictors of class membership, reference class 3(Improvers) https://scispace.com/papers/quality-of-service-in-third-generation-ip-based-radio-access-u60tlq06lu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-layered-architecture-of-the-end-to-end-user-3fghy7ud.png Figure 4. The layered architecture of the end-to-end user bearer service. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-narrowband-access-in-last-mile-using-pppmux-l4eqrn8z.png Figure 7. Narrowband access in last mile using PPPmux. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-end-to-end-qos-approach-on-cdma2000-network-2p75qgkl.png Figure 5. End-to-end Qos approach on CDMA2000 network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-mpls-architecture-in-a-cdma2000-ran-i2kisois.png Figure 8. MPLS architecture in a CDMA2000 RAN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-metropolitan-area-network-using-ethernet-1y566820.png Figure 9. Metropolitan area network using Ethernet. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-protocol-stacks-of-ios-v4-x-reference-interfaces-2vlykuqx.png Table I. Protocol stacks of IOS V4.x reference interfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-generic-traffic-classes-and-the-proposed-class-lsj5th1b.png Table III. Generic traffic-classes and the proposed class DSCP at A3/A7/Abis interfaces. https://scispace.com/papers/quality-of-service-and-quality-of-control-based-protocol-to-2a57sszde6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-both-qualities-quality-of-service-and-quality-of-1kgpn485.png Fig. 2. Both qualities, quality of service and quality of control determine the quality-based supply and demand cycle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-components-of-fsactrl-architecture-2f6mh8xi.png Fig. 1. Components of FSACtrl architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-all-phases-of-the-process-of-an-agent-movement-3hc7intq.png Fig. 3. All phases of the process of an agent movement https://scispace.com/papers/quality-of-service-provisioning-and-efficient-resource-wl0elw8qt4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-intercell-interference-scenario-in-a-cross-slot-when-o106uvvs.png Fig. 3. Intercell interference scenario in a cross slot when cells A and B are in uplink and downlink transmission, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-centralized-scheduler-for-the-uplink-transmission-2hgaoq71.png Fig. 2. Centralized scheduler for the uplink transmission. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-future-all-ip-heterogeneous-wireless-networks-2m5d0ds4.png Fig. 1. The future all-IP heterogeneous wireless networks. https://scispace.com/papers/quality-of-visitor-attractions-satisfaction-benefits-and-5d1tdhpml9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-exploratory-factor-analysis-of-motivation-1dkvhvr4.png Table 1. Results of exploratory factor analysis of motivation scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-table-of-pearsons-correlation-coeffi-cients-r-2ericd3k.png Table 4. Table of Pearson’s correlation coeffi cients r between variables of the model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-model-of-path-relations-between-the-quality-of-2yyagjj5.png Figure 4. Model of path relations between the quality of provider’s performance and behavioural intentions for recreational attractions (the case of Zoo). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hypothetical-model-of-relations-between-variables-20w9o7i6.png Figure 1. Hypothetical model of relations between variables of the process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-confi-rmatory-factor-analysis-for-1n19zxi3.png Table 5. Results of confi rmatory factor analysis for Biskupin. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-results-of-exploratory-factor-analysis-of-benefi-8emw2bh1.png Table 2. The results of exploratory factor analysis of benefi ts scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-detailed-results-of-modelling-structural-equations-if0s0tgj.png Table 6. Detailed results of modelling structural equations (the case of Biskupin). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-model-of-relations-between-the-quality-satisfaction-2wbvten3.png Figure 2. Model of relations between the quality, satisfaction, benefi ts and behavioural intentions (the case of Biskupin). https://scispace.com/papers/quality-traits-in-forage-sorghum-harvested-at-early-head-2scfv9gq7m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-for-three-quality-traits-measured-at-four-2ov1rsuq.png Table 2. Means for three quality traits measured at four different times in five forage sorghum cultivars grown in 1976 and 1977. https://scispace.com/papers/quantification-of-5-methylcytosine-5-hydroxymethylcytosine-2k8229yfne 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-quantification-of-epimarks-in-clinical-biospecimens-rpoi3e5g.png Figure 2. Quantification of epimarks in clinical biospecimens Mean global percentage of (a) 5mC, (b) 5hmC and (c) 5caC in the blood of the indicated groups of clinical samples (n=27). Error bars denote standard deviations between the clinical samples of each group. Star denotes significant difference in cancer biospecimens compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05, t-test). https://scispace.com/papers/quantification-of-cell-behaviours-and-computational-zs3cfjjxv7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geometry-of-the-pectoral-fin-based-on-live-imaging-and-3surow37.png Fig. 1. Geometry of the pectoral fin based on live imaging and image processing data. (a) 3D rendering of raw data nuclear staining at t= 47.7 hpf: dorsal view of the zebrafish body with detection of approximate nuclear centers of the pectoral fin cells highlighted by colored dots, where the color code depends on the cell type; scale bar: 20 µm. (b-d) After applying cell detection methods: 3D rendering of the approximate nucleus centers of LPM cells in the pectoral fin at different stages of development, respectively t= 28 hpf, t= 37.9 hpf and t=47.7 hpf (AP: anteroposterior axis; DV: dorsoventral axis). (e-g) 3D rendering of the pectoral fin at the same times along the AP axis and PD (proximodistal) axis. (h-j) Evolution over time of the fin size in µm along the PD, AP and DV axes respectively. Fin expansion occurs mainly along PD. It undergoes a slight compaction along the other two axes, more pronounced along the DV axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulation-of-pectoral-fin-morphogenesis-based-on-2mmrha22.png Fig. 5. Simulation of pectoral fin morphogenesis based on directional cell behaviors. Values of the equation parameters: λ = 0.2, ν = 1. (a) 3D view of the simulated fin at the final stage t=47.8 hpf. (b-d) Lateral view of the simulated fin at different stages of development, respectively t=28.0 hpf, t=37.9 hpf and t=47.7 hpf. (e-g) Vector field of the cells’ elongation axes−→e Maxi in the simulated fin at the same stages. (h-j) Distribution of the polarity angles θi of the cells in the simulated fin at the same stages, compared with the standard distribution of random angles formed by two arbitrary vectors in 3D (red curve). (k-m) Evolution over time of the simulated fin size in µm along the PD, AP and DV axes respectively. We observe roughly the same behavior as the real fin in Fig. 1h-j. (n) Evolution over time of the average polarity angle θ of the simulated fin cells± its standard deviation ∆θ shown in red. This curve is more scattered than Fig. 4k. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-center-based-computational-model-of-multicellular-c77wgbwr.png Fig. 2. Center-based computational model of multicellular dynamics. (a) Schema of a local cell neighborhood and the abstract forces on cell centers. −→ F ARji is the passive attractionrepulsion force exerted on a cell i by a cell j. −→ F Poli is the active migration force driven by the cell’s polarity (specified in Section 3.4). (b) Plot of the Morse force profile (derivative of the Morse potential) defining −→ F AR , for different parameter values. This curve presents two regimes: a positive regime (attraction) below an equilibrium distance req and a negative regime (repulsion) above. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-analysis-of-proliferation-in-the-zebrafish-pectoral-3698ybo8.png Fig. 3. Analysis of proliferation in the zebrafish pectoral fin. (a-c) Frequencies of divisions along the AP, PD and DV axes respectively, highlighted by a yellow-red color gradient coding for differences in proliferation rates across the fin. (a,c) The preponderance of red at the center of the fin shows where the bulk of cell divisions takes place, with only a few of them occurring near the lateral surfaces (yellow). (b) A decreasing gradient of proliferation rates from the proximal pole to the distal tip characterizes the PD axis. (d-f) Marginal distributions of proliferation along the AP, PD and DV axes respectively, expressed in numbers of cells with respect to the absolute distance in µm along the axis. (g-i) Same distributions with respect to the relative distance on the axis. (j-l) Same distributions expressed in proportions of cells with respect to the absolute distance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-analysis-of-directional-cell-behaviors-in-the-2onu0lu2.png Fig. 4. Analysis of directional cell behaviors in the zebrafish pectoral fin. (a) Schematics in 2D of the method used to analyse directional cell behaviors: for each cell i, θi denotes the polarity angle that this cell forms between its elongation axis−→e Maxi (extracted from the maximum eigenvalue of the covariance matrix of its neighborhoodNi) and the PD axis −→u . (b-d) Lateral view of the pectoral fin at different stages of development, respectively t=28.0 hpf, t=37.9 hpf and t=47.7 hpf. (e-g) Vector field of the cells’ elongation axes−→e Maxi in the pectoral fin at the same stages. (h-j) Distribution of the polarity angles θi of the cells in the pectoral fin at the same stages, compared with the standard distribution of random angles formed by two arbitrary vectors in 3D (red curve). (k) Evolution over time of the average polarity angle θ of the fin cells± its standard deviation ∆θ shown in red. https://scispace.com/papers/quantification-of-denitrification-in-permeable-sediments-45ppdy8izd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-simulated-effect-of-sediment-flushing-rate-on-the-320gi7oc.png Fig. 8. The simulated effect of sediment flushing rate on the O2 distribution within the sediment (top panels) and the distribution of denitrification within the sediment (bottom panels) in an axial slice (as illustrated in Fig. 1c) of the upper portion of the core with a water column NO3 – concentration of 250 μmol L–1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-treatments-used-for-anoxic-bag-clmfat45.png Table 2. Summary of the treatments used for anoxic bag incubations of sediment from the study site https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-simulated-effect-of-sediment-flushing-rate-on-a-34uoxxnz.png Fig. 2. The simulated effect of sediment flushing rate on (a) the steady state denitrification rate at water column NO3 – concentrations of 0, 10, 50, and 250 μmol L–1 and (b) the steady state nitrification rate. ‘Diffusive’ denotes simulations performed with no sediment flushing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-volumetric-rates-of-denitrification-measured-using-1tv0c824.png Table 3. Volumetric rates of denitrification measured using isotope production and the N2:Ar method in bag incubations of sediment from the study site for different treatments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-the-modeled-and-measured-time-dependent-amounts-of-31sqlhv2.png Fig. 7. (a) The modeled and measured time-dependent amounts of 29N2 and 30N2 after the addition of 50 μmol L –1 15NO3 – to a water column containing 250 μmol L–1 14NO3 – in cores with a sediment flushing rate of 18 L m–2 d–1. (b) Modeled and measured N2 fluxes or denitrification rates at sediment flushing rates in cores ranging from ~3.5 to ~90 L m–2 d–1. Measured data shown are N2 fluxes (data from both laboratories, mean ± range, n = 2, filled circles) and IPT after an 11-h incubation (filled squares). Modeled data shown are N2 fluxes (open circles), rates of denitrification (open triangles), D14 simulating an incubation period of 0 to 11 h (open squares) and D14 simulated 42 h after label addition (gray squares). Note the high rate of D14 measured after an 11-h incubation for the core with a flushing rate of ~15 L m–2 d–1 which was the same core with high respiration rates remarked upon in Figure 6. (see Discussion for explanation). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-diagram-of-the-core-set-up-during-pre-incubations-336tt124.png Fig. 1. (a) A diagram of the core set up during pre-incubations showing the lid suspended over the cores on plastic spacers. (b) The model subdomain used; representing an axial slice of a sediment core, showing the mesh applied. (c) The flow field (arrows) and streamlines induced within the sediment sub-domain of the model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-initial-steady-state-fluxes-of-n2-and-2lruckv5.png Fig. 4. The initial steady state fluxes of N2 and denitrification (at t < 0), followed by a simulated time-dependent response of sediment denitrification rate and N2 flux out of the sediment after changes in the sediment flushing rate (at t = 0) from 87 and 3.5 L m–2 d–1 and vice versa from 3.5 to 87 L m–2 d–1 with a constant NO3 – concentration of 10 μmol L–1 in the water column. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-simulated-time-dependent-response-of-sediment-16lw8h1c.png Fig. 3. The simulated time-dependent response of sediment denitrification rate and N2 flux out of the sediment after addition of 250 μmol L –1 NO3 – to the water column of cores (at t = 0) run at a sediment flushing rate of 87 and 3.5 L m–2 d–1 with an initial NO3 – concentration of 0 μmol L–1. https://scispace.com/papers/quantification-of-glucuronidated-and-sulfated-steroids-in-3ug3zcjl3l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-design-of-the-clinical-study-pill-administrations-9aq8f1qu.png Table 1 Design of the clinical study. Pill administrations were performed during the four first weeks. Spot urine samples were collected during the first week, during the second week, on day 24 during the third week and finally on the last day of the study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structures-of-the-investigated-compounds-at-the-right-2lbmibjj.png Fig. 1 Structures of the investigated compounds. At the right side of the picture, phase II metabolism enzymes were presented. Uridine diphosphateglucuronosyltransferase (UGT) for glucuronide conjugation and sulfotransferase (SULT) for sulfate conjugation mechanism https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mse-spectra-of-a-peak-1-tr-13-29-b-dheag-tr-13-57-c-v058sdxt.png Fig. 5 MSE spectra of a peak #1 (tR, 13.29), b DHEAG (tR, 13.57), c peak #2 (tR, 13.82), and d peak #3 (tR, 14.21) obtained in the second function with ramped energy from 5 to 70 eV https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-process-efficiency-matrix-effect-extraction-recovery-1bionsmt.png Table 2 Process efficiency, matrix effect, extraction recovery, and extraction yield for the investigated analytes at low and high concentration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-uhplc-qtof-mse-acquisition-mode-a-in-the-first-28iiqvob.png Fig. 4 UHPLC-QTOF-MSE acquisition mode. a In the first function obtained at low collision energy (5 eV), the molecular ion of DHEAS is shown at m/z 367.16, while the sulfate moiety fragment at m/z 96.96, together with the molecular ion, is obtained in the second function with ramped energy from 5 to 70 eV. b Spectra at low and ramped energy were obtained from the peak trace of DHEAG. The molecular ion was found in the first function at m/z 463.23. A fragmentation pattern was obtained in the second function with ions at m/z 287.20, m/z 157.01, m/z 113.02, m/z 85.03, m/z 75.01, and m/z 71.02, together with the molecular ion at m/z 463.23 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-extracted-ion-chromatogram-xic-at-m-z-463-23-0-05-da-16i99rsm.png Fig. 2 Extracted ion chromatogram (XIC) at m/z 463.23±0.05 Da in urine matrix. Chromatographic separation at 300 μL/min with a gradient from 5% to 37% acetonitrile over 25 min at a 30 °C, b 25 °C, and c 20 °C. Peaks #1, #2, and #3 were endogenous isomers of DHEAG https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-absolute-tolerance-profile-for-the-investigated-2vuq9685.png Fig. 6 Absolute tolerance profile for the investigated analytes with a β-expectation of 80%. Solid line corresponded to theoretical value, dashed line to the confidence interval, and dotted line to the acceptability (30%) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-uhplc-qtof-ms-chromatogram-acquity-beh-c18-150x2-1-mm-3ienuixr.png Fig. 3 UHPLC-QTOF-MS chromatogram (Acquity BEH C18 150×2.1 mm; 1.7 μm) of the investigated analytes. For better readability, the chromatogram was presented in two parts. a The traces corresponded to sulfoconjugated steroids were extracted at m/z 367.16±0.05 Da and 369.17±0.05 Da. b The traces from glucuroconjugated steroids were extracted in the chromatogram at m/z 467.26± 0.05 Da, 463.23±0.05 Da, and 465.24±0.05 Da https://scispace.com/papers/quantification-of-in-vivo-short-echo-time-proton-magnetic-1q7gxwe99e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-estimation-of-the-spectrum-of-macromolecules-based-3fwemuss.png Figure 1. Estimation of the spectrum of macromolecules based on IR-SPECIAL spectra using the TI = 750 ms and TE = 2.8 ms. The spectrum (a) showing minimal residual peaks (negative peaks of NAA at 2 ppm and Tau at 3.4 ppm, and positive peaks of NAA at 2.7 ppm, GPC/PCho at 3.2, Ins at 3.6 ppm and Cr/PCr at 3.9 ppm) was taken as a basis for the spectrum of macromolecules. The spectrum (b) presents the final macromolecule spectrum measured with TI = 750 ms and TE = 40 ms. The spectrum (c) displays the final macromolecule spectrum after removal of the residual metabolite peaks using HLSVD. The residual signal of NAA at 2.7 ppm marked with an asterisk in the spectrum (b) is reduced and inverted relative to the spectrum from (a) due to J-evolution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-mean-values-and-standard-deviations-of-the-1qqpjm5q.png Figure 4. The mean values and standard deviations of the metabolite concentrations obtained using: (1) the spectrum of macromolecules measured in vivo (black bars) and (2) the built-in LCModel spline baseline (light blue bars). Reproduced with permission from [32] Copyright © 2008 IEEE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-representative-14-1-t-spectrum-320-averages-of-29jppf8r.png Figure 3. A representative 14.1 T spectrum (320 averages) of rat brain measured from a VOI = 3 × 4 × 4 mm3 (blue line) combined with (a) the built-in LCModel spline baselines obtained from fitting spectra of five rats, which are plotted in different colours and with (b) the measured in vivo macromolecule spectrum (green line). Note the difference in the macromolecules estimation around 2 ppm, 3.0 ppm, 3.2 ppm and 4 ppm. Reproduced with permission from [32] Copyright © 2008 IEEE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-lcmodel-analysis-of-a-representative-14-1-t-3cwlbzyx.png Figure 2. The LCModel analysis of a representative 14.1 T spectrum. The measured in vivo spectrum in the rat brain at 14.1 T is shown in (a). The corresponding LCModel fits using the measured macromolecule spectrum and the built-in LCModel spline baseline are also displayed in (b) and (c), respectively. The traces below represent from top to bottom, measured (b) or modelled (c) macromolecules, residual baseline and the difference between the measured and fitted data (also called residue of the quantification). The fits of the individual metabolites are plotted in (d). https://scispace.com/papers/quantification-of-indirect-waste-generation-and-treatment-12qhkijjv8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-average-amount-of-waste-per-week-for-b05-couples-303nskkv.png Table 2 The average amount of waste per week for B05 (couples without children who spend the majority of 263 their time at the office). 264 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-aggregated-household-consumption-per-week-on-3q4mh97v.png Table 3 Aggregated household consumption per week on intermediate sectors. 266 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-waste-footprint-of-industrial-sectors-in-scenario-i-3y0lg8ve.png Fig. 3. Waste footprint of industrial sectors in Scenario I; indirect waste generation (industrial sectors) (middle) driven by the household of B05 (left) and 913 treated by the Landfill and Recovery sectors (right). Note: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing = Ag; Mining = Mi; Manufacturing = Ma; Electricity, gas, and water = 914 EGW; Waste management services = WMS; Construction = Co; Public administration = Pa; All other industry = AOI; Household consumption = HC. 915 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-correlation-coefficient-for-differences-for-b05-and-x3fli975.png Table 6 Correlation coefficient for differences for B05 and D16 between scenarios I and II. 434 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-estimated-amount-of-hw-for-the-landfill-and-3s5sopjx.png Table 7 The estimated amount of HW for the Landfill and Recovery sectors for D16 (kg per week). 445 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-box-and-whisker-plots-of-the-estimated-amount-of-hw-2xtpdwcb.png Fig. 7. Box-and-Whisker Plots of the estimated amount of HW landfilled and recovered for D16. 449 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-average-amount-of-waste-per-week-for-d16-couples-b48hdhwf.png Table 1 The average amount of waste per week for D16 (couples without children who are retired and stay at 260 home). 261 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-waste-footprint-of-industrial-sectors-in-scenario-ii-2roqqskr.png Fig. 2. Waste footprint of industrial sectors in Scenario II; indirect waste generation (industrial sectors) (middle) driven by the household of D16 (left) and 908 treated by the Landfill and Recovery sectors (right). Note: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing = Ag; Mining = Mi; Manufacturing = Ma; Electricity, gas, and water = 909 EGW; Waste management services = WMS; Construction = Co; Public administration = Pa; All other industry = AOI; Household consumption = HC. 910 https://scispace.com/papers/quantification-of-lipid-bilayer-effective-microviscosity-and-23c8ey6htz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-viscosity-and-density-of-glycerol-ethanol-mixtures-1kcqje2s.png Table 1. Viscosity and density of glycerol-ethanol mixtures at room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fitted-formula-of-viscosity-curves-of-glycerol-1u2bpi23.png Table 2. Fitted formula of viscosity curves of glycerol/ethanol mixture for the three spin labels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-viscosity-of-dmpc-liposomes-at-three-different-2mzkuudd.png Table 3. Viscosity of DMPC liposomes at three different bilayer depths and at two different temperatures. https://scispace.com/papers/quantification-of-liquid-refrigerant-distribution-in-43i5j9eh0x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-high-similarity-of-the-shape-of-the-superheated-2clt55cw.png Figure 5: High similarity of the shape of the superheated zones in experiment and simulation validates the IR quantification method presented https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-determination-of-transition-line-6mtx76hu.png Figure 4: Determination of transition line https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-configuration-of-microchannel-heat-exchanger-1hudfw03.png Figure 3: Configuration of microchannel heat exchanger https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-same-as-in-figure-6-but-for-different-conditions-12unddv1.png Figure 6: Same as in Figure 6 but for different conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-snapshot-of-a-simplified-situation-in-parallel-flow-vjw05us5.png Figure 1: Snapshot of a simplified situation in parallel flow heat exchanger https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-capacity-validation-r4ipy8xo.png Figure 7: Capacity validation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-limitation-of-the-quantification-method-3q2o1qhm.png Figure 11: Limitation of the quantification method https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-example-for-heat-exchanger-with-inlet-and-outlet-on-1n5sqy6c.png Figure 8: Example for heat exchanger with inlet and outlet on the opposite side https://scispace.com/papers/quantification-of-structural-cerebral-abnormalities-on-mri-1n696ussax 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-the-segmentations-of-supratentorial-volumes-34n9h50y.png Fig. 1 Example of the segmentations of supratentorial volumes. An example of the T1- and T2-weighted images and the segmentations of supratentorial intracranial volume (ICV), cerebral parenchymal volume, and lateral ventricular volume is shown for a participant https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relationship-between-known-risk-factors-for-poor-88q5tq0d.png Table 2 Relationship between known risk factors for poor functional outcome after aSAH and cerebral volumes at 18 months after aSAH (n=38) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-characteristics-and-cerebral-volumes-2cadrhn8.png Table 1 Participant characteristics and cerebral volumes https://scispace.com/papers/quantification-of-the-water-energy-and-carbon-footprints-of-4dkvjnfskh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-carbon-footprint-in-the-wastewater-14is4wbj.png Table 2 Comparison of carbon footprint in the wastewater treatment system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-egwfr-of-cases-wwtps-36tkbkyh.png Fig. 5. eGWFR of cases WWTPs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-footprints-accounting-o-1p75szm8.png Fig. 6. Average footprints accounting o https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-input-and-output-footprints-of-a-wwtp-328zj9ql.png Fig. 1. Input and output footprints of a WWTP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-national-ef-of-electricity-for-carbon-emission-3pjxhssq.png Table A.2 National EF of electricity for carbon emission calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-1-gwf-per-day-for-the-case-study-wwtps-6fsuhrfv.png Fig. A.1. GWF per day for the case study WWTPs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-water-withdrawal-coefficients-of-electricity-in-6ifmu024.png Table A.1 Water withdrawal coefficients of electricity in China. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-geographical-locati-153m8q5w.png Fig. 2. Geographical locati https://scispace.com/papers/quantification-of-the-compressibility-of-elastomers-using-2ulfa3q84c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-47-1-schematic-of-the-back-to-back-camera-test-26qwgf2i.png Fig. 47.1 Schematic of the back-to-back camera test configuration showing (a) the position of the cameras and lights relative to the test machine and (b) a sample image of the elastomer with the speckle pattern applied. The small block shows a representative subset https://scispace.com/papers/quantification-of-prosthetic-outcomes-elastomeric-gel-liner-1szta6i2hv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-step-activity-results-n-13-2z2j5nyy.png Table 2. Step activity results (n = 13). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-alpha-r-liner-system-1oz43kgl.png Figure 1. The Alpha® liner system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-typical-use-pattern-for-the-pe-litetm-condition-3uxfibzx.png Figure 4. Typical use pattern for the Pe-Lite™ condition (Subject 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-typical-use-pattern-for-alpha-r-condition-subject-1-27k3vaww.png Figure 3. Typical use pattern for Alpha® condition (Subject 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-brief-pain-inventory-bpi-statistical-comparison-3k8tu7h5.png Table 4. Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) statistical comparison results (n = 13). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-prosthesis-evaluation-questionnaire-peq-and-socket-plqx12bb.png Table 3. Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ) and Socket Comfort Score (SCS) results (n = 13). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-pe-litetm-liner-system-1fkyok9i.png Figure 2. The Pe-Lite™ liner system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-open-ended-feedback-percentage-of-subjects-who-made-2qblby3f.png Table 5. Open-ended feedback: percentage of subjects who made at least one positive or negative comment (n = 13). https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-and-coping-with-parametric-variations-in-3d-4olv3nybcg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-yield-levels-achieved-for-proposed-schemes-302fssov.png Table 3. Yield Levels Achieved for Proposed Schemes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-cross-layer-path-splitting-claps-9pli7805.png Figure 1. Illustration of Cross Layer Path Splitting (CLAPS) Design. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-normalized-average-frequency-for-each-scheme-242e8572.png Table 4. Normalized Average Frequency for Each Scheme https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-max-mean-and-min-temperatures-and-total-power-2k062evi.png Table 5. Max, Mean, and Min Temperatures and Total Power Consumption for Different Benchmarks https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nominal-and-3-sigma-variation-values-for-each-source-jbijhbs7.png Table 1. Nominal and 3-Sigma Variation Values for each Source of Process Variations Modeled https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-three-dimensional-structures-of-studied-designs-a-1c20mkhb.png Figure 2. Three Dimensional Structures of Studied Designs: (a) 2D, (b) W-CLAPS, (c) D-CLAPS, and (d) B-CLAPS. https://scispace.com/papers/quantification-of-trace-elements-in-raw-cow-s-milk-by-2pg4u6r9j9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-concentrations-of-trace-elements-in-raw-cows-milk-2yhxxb8r.png Table 3 Concentrations of trace elements in raw cow’s milk samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-detection-limit-lg-l-of-the-procedure-and-analysis-35sktc74.png Table 2 Detection limit (lg/L) of the procedure and analysis of whole milk powder standard reference material (SRM 8435) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-instrumental-operating-conditions-of-perkinelmer-2ksaoxx8.png Table 1 Instrumental operating conditions of PerkinElmer ELAN DRC-e ICP-MS https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-aboveground-forest-carbon-pools-and-fluxes-from-u32o67vola 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-lidar-survey-point-densities-in-2003-38e4tkbg.png Fig. 3. Comparison of LiDAR survey point densities in 2003 (left) and 2009 (right) at the scale of a single undisturbed 0.25-ha inventory plot (#2802), as viewed from overhead (top) and from the side before (middle) and after (bottom) detrending for topography. Note that despite the dramatic difference in point density between the two surveys, the vertical pattern of points indicative of canopy structure is consistent. Mean height of non-ground returns (>0 m) in this plot (as indicated by the dotted horizontal lines) increased from 7.5 m in 2003 to 9.5 m in 2009. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-predicted-tree-aboveground-biomass-across-the-study-1fspju3y.png Fig. 8. Predicted tree aboveground biomass across the study area in A) 2003 and B) 2009, and C) estimated tree aboveground biomass change produced by subtracting A) from B). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-landscape-level-summary-of-2003-2009-changes-in-22jx4w3y.png Table 3 Landscape-level summary of 2003–2009 changes in aboveground biomass pools. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-stand-level-tree-aboveground-biomass-change-versus-117ul2zz.png Fig. 13. Stand-level tree aboveground biomass change versus biomass change in A) saplings, B) shrubs, C) coarse woody debris (CWD), and D) harvested trees, as estimated from stumpage. The vertical gray lines are the conservatively selected observed tree aboveground biomass change threshold (−66 Mg/ha) below which disturbed units were considered harvested. The black lines are the loess trends fit to the harvested stands only. Pearson correlations are all highly significant (pb0.0001). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lidar-derived-canopy-height-intensity-density-and-16qgccge.png Table 2 LiDAR-derived canopy height, intensity, density, and topographic metrics considered as candidate variables for predictive biomass models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-predicted-versus-observed-tree-aboveground-biomass-at-fvep3dzf.png Fig. 5. Predicted versus observed tree aboveground biomass at field plots in A) 2003 (n=76) and B) 2009 (n=89) based on 1000 classification trees of Random Forest imputation. The solid diagonal line is the 1:1 line. Pearson correlations are highly significant (pb0.0001). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-estimated-vs-observed-tree-aboveground-biomass-change-eqb1br9h.png Fig. 6. Estimated vs observed tree aboveground biomass change from 2003 to 2009 at the revisited field plots (n=75). The solid diagonal line is the 1:1 line, the horizontal dashed line is the zero observed tree biomass change line, and the horizontal gray line is the conservatively selected observed tree biomass change threshold (−66 Mg/ha) belowwhich disturbed units were considered harvested. Pearson correlation is highly significant (pb0.0001). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-mean-se-predicted-p-and-observed-o-aboveground-biomass-3tu7h9bn.png Fig. 7. Mean (+SE) predicted (“.p”) and observed (“.o”) aboveground biomass pools imputed at the field plots across 1000 Random Forest classification trees in A) 2003 (n=76) and B) 2009 (n=89). Non-parametric Wilcoxon signed rank tests showed that none of the observed vs. predicted aboveground biomass pools significantly differed (p>0.05). https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-amine-permeation-sources-with-acid-2naef6d8l8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-ammonia-and-amines-amides-pptv-measured-by-m2huhle9.png Table 3.Average ammonia and amines/amides (pptv) measured by AmPMS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nh3-mixing-ratio-measured-with-ampms-plotted-versus-aofxasye.png Figure 2. NH3 mixing ratio measured with AmPMS plotted versus time. Addition of NH3 at 0.05 h followed by its removal at 0.35 h. Gross signals were used to calculate mixing ratio usingStyp; no background subtraction was done. The NH3 was introduced into the sample flow from a 30 pmol s−1 NH3 permeation tube with single stage dilution. AmPMS was in its original configuration where sample gas first passes through a three-way solenoid valve. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-laboratory-and-field-ok-a-calibrations-3iu9o8bb.png Table 2.Laboratory and field (OK)a calibrations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-temporal-plot-h-of-dimethylamine-m-h-at-46-u-and-1w64kmv7.png Figure 3. Temporal plot (h) of dimethylamine (M·H+ at 46 u) and ammonia (18 u) mixing ratios before, during and after addition of dimethylamine to AmPMS. The drift region had not been cleaned after the Lewes campaign. A zero was initiated at 16.45 h and AmPMS began to sample another stream of air beginning at 16.7 h. https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-damage-accumulation-using-state-of-the-art-fft-gq38uzllbb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-difference-in-schmid-factor-versus-kernel-average-dop6g6b0.png Fig. 3: Difference in Schmid factor versus kernel average misorientation. (a) 3% strain. (b) 10% strain. (c) 17% strain. https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-epistemic-and-aleatoric-uncertainty-in-3d-u-net-4jeq0hamgh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-epistemic-and-aleatoric-uncertainty-over-all-1bgnqbjh.png Figure 5: Mean epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty over all test images for each tissue class as a function of the trained model N=200 (black bars), N=500 (gray bars), N=898 (white bars). MPRAGE test images from 1,000 connectome project on top and tumor data on the bottom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tissue-class-prediction-and-mprage-image-top-row-buswe2uq.png Figure 4: Tissue class prediction and MPRAGE image (top row). The data and epistemic uncertainty are shown for each tissue class. For each set of three the first is based on the N=200 model, the second on the N=500 model and the third based on the N=898 model. Data shown for one example tumor patient from a slice through the middle of the tumor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-whole-brain-epistemic-uncertainty-left-and-ge2klj47.png Figure 3: Whole brain epistemic uncertainty (left) and aleatoric uncertainty (right) of the white matter for one example volunteer scan from the 1000 connectome data. https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-aspects-in-middleware-platforms-14k23td4sl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-degree-of-scattering-for-dpi-dynamic-programming-39eklu1s.png Table 1: Degree of Scattering for DPI(Dynamic Programming Interface), Portable Interceptor(PI), Error Handling, Pre/Post Condition Checking, Logging, Synchronization, and all the aspects combined https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-metric-matrix-for-the-factorization-of-dii-dsi-2chfmyya.png Table 2: Metric Matrix for the factorization of DII,DSI, Portable Interceptor, Collocation Invocation, and overall (CW: Weight of Class; CI: Coupling Index; O: Original ORB; R: Re-factored ORB; FO:ORB with aspects factored out). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-package-organization-for-aspect-oriented-re-3w3z2sc8.png Figure 2: Package Organization for Aspect oriented Re-factorization https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-code-transformation-for-aspect-oriented-re-2471igsy.png Figure 1: Code transformation for Aspect oriented Re-factorization https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-group-problem-solving-with-stochastic-analysis-27k4ton5be 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-the-voice-segments-in-our-data-set-normally-2i0hb41k.png Figure 1: Left: The voice segments in our data set normally last 0.05 second and no longer than 0.5 second; They are normally 0.2 seconds apart when appearing in the same clause. Right: Aligning voiced frames could be a robust way to align data collected by different embedded devices deployed in close distance; When aligned, the pitch signals collected by different embedded devices are normally equal to each other. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-hmp-parameters-for-the-four-tasks-summarize-the-2qlti13l.png Table 2: The HMP parameters for the four tasks summarize the different dynamics-performance relationships in both the task dimension and the performance dimension. In this table, covariate f represents performance score, latent state s1 and s2 respectively represent the state of making progress and the state of not making progress, and the observations are change of speaker and duration of clause/silence. https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-heterogeneity-of-small-test-portion-masses-of-35fg3h908g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-estimates-of-test-portion-mass-by-atomic-number-34ctrs6d.png Figure 1. Estimates of test portion mass by atomic number (excluding Pb), averaged for the three SdAR RMs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-expanded-relative-uncertainties-i-e-2s-due-to-q0fwhis4.png Table 3. Expanded relative uncertainties (i.e. 2s%) due to heterogeneity in pellet of the SdAR materials for the 8 mm beam diameter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-examples-of-modelling-uncertainty-against-estimated-suiiq0m9.png Figure 5. Examples of modelling uncertainty against estimated mass of the test portion. Uncertainties have been expressed as percentages of the quoted reference value, for comparability. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relative-biases-expressed-as-percentages-made-using-111mnkzm.png Table 2. Relative biases (expressed as percentages) made using NIST CRMs, with certified concentration values (in mg kg-1) for comparison. Values of bias in bold are lower than 10%. Note certified values marked with a “*” are non-certified or information values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-element-rm-combinations-where-drift-was-found-to-be-14p077eh.png Table 4. Element/RM combinations where drift was found to be significant for the 8 mm beam diameter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-broad-categorisation-of-element-heterogeneity-levels-121wb61v.png Table 6. Broad categorisation of element heterogeneity levels as UHET% in SdARs using 8 mm and 3 mm beam sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-histogram-of-uhet-ratio-for-40-element-rm-3942c6ax.png Figure 3. Histogram of UHET% ratio for 40 element/RM combinations with non-zero values of UHET%. The predicted value of 2.7 has been estimated by a simplified geometry and an approximated relationship between uncertainty and the mass of the test portion modelled in sampling theory. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-sample-raw-data-for-3-typical-elements-on-two-sides-2iqzspyn.png Table 7. Sample raw data for 3 typical elements on two sides (1 & 2) of 6 pellets (A-F) at the 8 mm beam size, which are either ‘Effectively Homogeneous (UHET% < 1%) or ‘Grossly Heterogeneous (UHET% >5%). https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-microbially-mediated-fitness-differences-reveals-4xp7wjrvnm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effects-of-soil-microbial-inocula-on-plant-growth-1fliw2u8.png Figure 1: Effects of soil microbial inocula on plant growth. Aboveground biomass of437 each focal species growing with inocula of sterile greenhouse soil, live field-collected soil,438 or soil conditioned during phase 1. Large points indicate median biomass, and the solid439 error bars extend to the lower and upper quartiles. Small points and dashed lines show440 outliers, which were identified as points that were more than (1.5*IQR) away from the441 lower or upper quartile. Note the log-transformed X-axis.442 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-microbially-mediated-stabilization-and-fitness-n1qusvwo.png Table 1: Microbially mediated stabilization and fitness differences among the fifteen449 species pairs in the study. Bold terms in the Stabilization and Fitness Difference columns450 indicate those values whose confidence intervals do not overlap zero. The net effect of451 plant-soil feedbacks reflects the relative magnitude of stabilization vs. fitness differences.452 When the stabilization is stronger than the microbially mediated fitness difference, the net453 effect of plant-soil feedbacks is to drive exclusion (first three rows). Alternately, plant-soil454 feedbacks drive exclusion when the fitness difference they mediate is larger than their455 stabilizing effect (bottom 12 rows). In six species pairs, there is especially strong evidence456 that plant-soil feedbacks drive exclusion, as the lower bound of the fitness difference457 estimate is larger than the upper bound of the stabilization estimate (final six rows).458 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stabilization-and-fitness-differences-calculated-2l3e4v8j.png Figure 2: Stabilization and fitness differences calculated from the main experiment.444 Species pairs below the dashed line are predicted to coexist because the stabilizing effects445 of plant-soil feedbacks exceed the microbially mediated fitness difference, whereas mi-446 crobially mediated fitness differences drive one species to exclusion in the pairs that fall447 above the dashed line. Error bars show mean ± 2*SEM.448 https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-influenza-exposure-within-california-hospitals-2s5m6o0jxl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-facility-level-characteristics-associated-with-2e5s05by.png Table 2 Facility-level characteristics associated with facility-onset influenza in bivariate and multivariable negative binomial regression https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-hospitals-and-nhs-j6dozuy0.png Table 1 Characteristics of hospitals and NHs https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-interpersonal-contact-in-the-united-states-49ftvp6cw4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-r0-estimates-from-the-bics-contact-matrices-for-36h4rdz4.png Figure 4: R0 estimates from the BICS contact matrices for each wave relative to two baseline contact matrices from the 2015 study and the UK POLYMOD study, and assuming a baseline R0 value drawn from a normal distribution with mean 2.5 and standard deviation of 0.54 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-estimated-r0-for-each-survey-wave-contacts-are-3bgfg8mz.png Figure 8: Estimated R0 for each survey wave. Contacts are restricted to those who were conversational contacts for Waves 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-geographical-areas-corresponding-to-the-cities-3twsshi2.png Figure 6: The geographical areas corresponding to the cities in our sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-b-histograms-of-reported-number-of-contacts-a-and-1iaqmb7y.png Figure 1: (A-B) Histograms of reported number of contacts (A) and non-household contacts (B) among respondents for each wave. Each bar shows estimated average numbers of contacts in each category, per person. For example, the top panel shows that the average respondent reported almost 0.8 contacts to family members in Wave 2. Reported contacts are top-coded at 10 in these plots. (C-D) Estimated average number of contacts each person reported to have taken place by contact’s relationship (C) and location (D). Uncertainty estimates are 95% intervals derived from the bootstrap. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimated-posterior-mean-and-95-credible-intervals-22s3bhu3.png Figure 2: Estimated posterior mean and 95% credible intervals for coefficients from negative binomial models fit to all reported contacts (purple) and to non-household contacts (yellow). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-characteristics-of-respondents-to-our-survey-we-use-3f8c4ypw.png Figure 5: Characteristics of respondents to our survey. We use calibration weights to improve the representativeness of our sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-estimated-average-number-of-contacts-each-person-2xnbyzia.png Figure 7: Estimated average number of contacts each person reported to have taken place by contact’s relationship (top panel) and location (bottom panel). Uncertainty estimates are 95% intervals derived from the bootstrap. Contacts are restricted to those who were conversational contacts for Waves 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-c-age-structured-contact-matrices-from-the-three-nzaas0ax.png Figure 3: (A-C) Age-structured contact matrices from the three BICS waves after adjusting for the age distribution of survey respondents and the reciprocal nature of contacts; lighter colors indicate higher number of average daily contacts. (D-F) Difference in the average number of contacts between the 2015 study and the three BICS waves; lighter colors indicate a larger absolute difference between the 2015 study and the BICS data. (G-I) Average number of reported contacts for each respondent age-group for the BICS data (darker color) compared to the 2015 study (lighter color), along with 95% confidence intervals derived from the bootstrap. Top panel shows BICS Wave 0; middle panel shows BICS Wave 1; bottom panel shows BICS Wave 2. https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-non-markovianity-due-to-driving-and-a-finite-1u1g77thza 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-log-log-plot-of-o0tr-along-the-line-of-maximum-n-l0-39lqt6sq.png FIG. 5. Log-log plot of ω0tR along the line of maximum N ( ) (λ0 = aNg) for the three calorimeter sizes N = 5, 50, and 100. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rate-of-change-of-the-information-in-the-qubit-i-int-1m27093l.png FIG. 2. Rate of change of the information in the qubit, İ int, the information in the calorimeter, İext, and the total information, İ int + İext, as a function of time. Inset: Region of the evolution that contributes the BLP measure in Eq. (6). Parameters used are βh̄ω0 = 2, λ0/h̄ω0 = 0.08, g/h̄ω0 = 0.066, N = 20, θ = 1.69, and φ = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-log-linear-plot-of-the-ratio-an-and-log-log-plot-2l1elh17.png FIG. 4. Log-linear plot of the ratio aN and log-log plot ofNmax(N) as a function of the calorimeter size N . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-a-qubit-interacting-with-the-calorimeter-3l6tx9jd.png FIG. 1. Schematic of a qubit interacting with the calorimeter. The calorimeter is composed of a finite number of two-level systems, resonant with the qubit. Arrows illustrate the direction of the flow of information. I int represents the information in the qubit and Iext represents the information in the calorimeter (see text for details). (a) Markovian case, where there is constant loss of information by the qubit and by the whole system. (b) Non-Markovian case, where there is backflow of information into the qubit but the system, as a whole, still behaves as Markovian. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-blp-measure-102n-color-scale-as-a-function-of-the-m7u5cqhy.png FIG. 3. BLP measure [102N ( ), color scale] as a function of the driving strength λ0 and the coupling constant g in a grid of 40 × 40 points for 5 (top), 50 (middle), and 100 (bottom) two-level systems in the calorimeter. The dashed line indicates the line of constant maximum Nmax(N), given by λ0/g = aN . https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-phosphoric-acid-in-high-temperature-polymer-54x65t867m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-left-row-horizontal-slices-of-gdl-impregnated-with-bke9impm.png Figure 7 Left row: horizontal slices of GDL impregnated with PA of 40, 60, 85 and 100 wt% (top to bottom); right row: corresponding histograms of the image sections in the left row; imaged in phase contrast mode at 20 keV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-a-ht-pefc-membrane-27gvbzk1.png Figure 1 Schematic representation of a HT-PEFC membrane electrode assembly with GDL, MPL, CL, membrane and PA patches in the GDL and MPL (yellow). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-calibration-curve-for-the-catalyst-layer-and-z2dxz15m.png Figure 11 Calibration curve for the catalyst layer and membrane including a linear fit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-histograms-of-the-slice-with-the-maximum-average-ee3wz6vd.png Figure 10 Histograms of the slice with the maximum average greyscale value in the catalyst layer for samples equilibrated with 40, 60 and 85 wt% PA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-mean-greyscale-values-of-horizontal-slices-of-mea-2newmhza.png Figure 9 Mean greyscale values of horizontal slices of MEA as a function of the z-coordinate in the catalyst layer for a sample equilibrated with 40 wt% H3PO4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-imaging-parameters-for-absorption-and-phase-contrast-36kl2nj1.png Table 1 Imaging parameters for absorption and phase contrast. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-horizontal-slices-of-a-gdl-and-b-mpl-imaged-using-3joyxmqj.png Figure 4 Horizontal slices of (a) GDL and (b) MPL imaged using phase contrast at 20 keV; yellow arrows indicate PA-filled cracks and voids in MPL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-absorption-a-and-phase-b-contrast-of-1tul22j0.png Figure 2 Comparison of absorption (a) and phase (b) contrast of XTM imaging (20 keV, 2001 projections) of 40% and 85% H3PO4 in a kapton sample holder. https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-photothermal-and-hot-charge-carrier-effects-in-40pxiy0tpd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-time-evolution-of-the-extinction-contrast-during-ackmqhng.png Figure 2. (A) Time evolution of the extinction contrast, !", during the Ag shell growth reaction at 60 °C in the dark. The inset shows the time evolution of the slope ! !" /!!. (B) Apparent rate of the Ag shell growth reaction in the dark as a function of temperature. The dashed line is a fit to the data using eq (2). The inset shows the same data as an Arrhenius plot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-left-schematic-illustration-of-the-irradiation-2h0owpur.png Figure 4. (A, left) Schematic illustration of the irradiation geometry for a 90 μL volume of nanoparticle suspension inside our quartz cuvette The zoomed in image shows the 3D spatial distribution of the absorbed optical power per unit cell, !(!! , !! , !!), and of the local temperature increase, !". (B) Steady-state temperature profile inside the nanoparticle solution due to collective heating effects, after 30 min of laser irradiation, calculated using COMSOL. (C) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-time-evolution-of-the-extinction-spectra-of-au-1xpz6imq.png Figure 3. (A) Time evolution of the extinction spectra of Au nanoparticles suspended in Ag shell growth solution, under a 532 nm laser irradiation at an optical power of 400 mW, corresponding to an intensity of ~23 W/cm2 (Gaussian profile, beam width 1/e2 = 1.5 mm). (B) Natural logarithm of the apparent rate of silver shell growth as a function of the laser irradiation power. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-representative-sem-image-of-au-nanoparticles-3himwbf0.png Figure 1. (A) Representative SEM image of Au nanoparticles before Ag shell growth. The inset shows the measured size distribution. (B) Schematic representation of the temperature-activated https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-non-markovianity-in-underdamped-versus-4chan81je5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-calculated-linear-absorption-spectra-for-each-of-the-35iivm9e.png FIG. 4. Calculated linear absorption spectra for each of the damping strengths in table I. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ellipticity-e-of-the-absorptive-2d-spectra-against-the-1vhfdzyw.png FIG. 6. Ellipticity, E, of the absorptive 2D spectra against the measured non-Markovianity, N , for the three overdamped baths, identified by their ∆ · τc values, for (left) T = 0, 50 and 100 fs and (right) T = 0− 400 fs, sampled at 10 fs intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-trace-distance-d-r1-r2-for-a-two-level-system-14356xfx.png FIG. 1. The trace distance, D(ρ1, ρ2), for a two level system initially in its ground state (outer) compared with its excited state (inner) decreases as the excited state population relaxes, following the decrease in distinguishability. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-absorptive-2d-spectra-for-population-times-t-0-300-fs-3ra7u6xw.png FIG. 5. Absorptive 2D spectra for population times T = 0− 300 fs for the γ̃ = 300 cm−1 underdamped bath, labelled γ < ω0, and the three overdamped baths, identified by their ∆ · τc values, as per table I, normalised to the maximum of ∆ · τc = 0.64 at T = 0 fs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-damping-strengths-dissipation-rates-and-correlation-16q58ox4.png TABLE I. Damping strengths, dissipation rates and correlation times used, for η̃ = 20 cm−1 such that ∆̃ = 91.33 cm−1 at 300 K. ∆ · τc given for overdamped environments only. https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-schema-evolution-5b2koceyt6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-the-thesaurus-relation-3hud78xk.png Figure 2.2: The Thesaurus relation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-change-history-of-the-relations-1o1ve6dk.png Figure 3.1: Change history of the relations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-change-history-of-the-fields-3byawjda.png Figure 3.2: Change history of the fields https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-consequences-of-the-december-1991-hms-schema-141ckwrr.png Table 3.4: Consequences of the December 1991 HMS schema modification https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-definitions-and-uses-of-names-distributed-by-name-26mtlx4b.png Figure 2.3: Definitions and uses of names distributed by NAME_TYPE https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-added-and-deleted-relations-and-fields-in-the-hms-144e14qs.png Table 3.1: Added and deleted relations and fields in the HMS schema https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-consequences-of-the-december-1991-hms-schema-23cbx9k0.png Figure 3.4: Consequences of the December 1991 HMS schema modification https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-indirect-use-of-fields-in-display-language-and-361zz3yg.png Table 3.3: Indirect use of fields in Display Language and Hippo code https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-population-declines-based-on-presence-only-1qu48ugg8y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rates-of-persistence-and-apparent-colonization-2bh5idah.png Table 1. Rates of persistence and apparent colonization estimated from the occupancy model and two measures of decline for 14 species of amphibian found in Switzerland. https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-risk-in-financial-terms-in-an-e-transaction-10v56fdscx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-showing-the-riskiness-scale-and-its-associated-13udkvve.png Figure 1. Showing the Riskiness scale and its associated levels https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-showing-the-levels-for-the-metric-nat-trusting-agent-1rydvf7p.png TABLE 4 SHOWING THE LEVELS FOR THE METRIC NAT TRUSTING AGENT https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-showing-the-levels-for-the-metric-fam-trusted-agent-3iiv1vxj.png TABLE 3 SHOWING THE LEVELS FOR THE METRIC FAM TRUSTED AGENT https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-showing-the-levels-for-the-metric-will-interaction-hgoan96z.png TABLE 1 SHOWING THE LEVELS FOR THE METRIC WILL INTERACTION https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-showing-the-levels-for-the-metric-fam-medium-3minciex.png TABLE 2 SHOWING THE LEVELS FOR THE METRIC FAM MEDIUM https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-short-term-surface-changes-on-recreational-6zzpoxbxjc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-average-change-in-the-volume-of-soil-per-1-m-2-1ah7qlk1.png Fig. 10. The average change in the volume of soil per 1 m 2 within the test fields located on recreational trails of the GNP and PLP. Groups of the test fields are marked by capital letters as follow: A - Test fields with a substantial soil loss; B - Test fields with a moderate soil loss; C – Test fields with low relief transformation; D – Test fields on which unusual phenomena occurred. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-state-of-the-trail-and-its-surroundings-for-the-3izwb1a7.png Fig. 4. The state of the trail and its surroundings for the selected dates – test field (P)ZLOMISTY. Notice the small plunge pools filled in with material and subsequently eroded https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-changes-to-the-width-of-recreational-trails-within-1l0gcxzl.png Table 2. Changes to the width of recreational trails within the test fields located in the GNP and PLP https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-standardized-amount-of-soil-loss-deposition-for-the-pn6i8m6x.png Table 3. Standardized amount of soil loss/deposition for the studied test field https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-digital-elevation-models-of-the-test-field-p-zlomisty-2zi4mpgi.png Fig. 5. Digital elevation models of the test field (P)ZLOMISTY https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-local-maximum-changes-lowering-and-raising-in-the-1hijzgl1.png Fig. 9. Local maximum changes (lowering and raising) in the elevation of the recreational trails’ surface in test fields located in the GNP and PLP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-the-study-area-modified-from-tomczyk-2011-3f9fkipa.png Fig. 1. Location of the study area, modified from Tomczyk (2011), Applied Geography Vol. 31, Copyright, permission from Elsevier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-2-dems-of-differences-dods-showing-the-spatial-33pr52c2.png Figure A-2. DEMs of Differences (DODs) showing the spatial distribution of surface transformations between August/September 2008 and August/September 2010 – test fields located in the GNP – Part II. https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-self-absorption-losses-in-luminescent-solar-314rluaq50 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-fraction-of-the-number-of-photons-transmitted-to-the-e165lp91.png Fig. 6. Fraction of the number of photons transmitted to the LSC–PV edge with respect to the initial number of absorbed photons as a function of the LSC radius for a 3D circular LSC with a Red 305 dye for different luminescence quantum efficiencies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-distribution-of-the-number-of-absorbed-photons-initial-2wfwiksa.png Fig. 7. Distribution of the number of absorbed photons (initial and after the first three generations) with respect to the initial number of absorbed photons as a function of the distance and angle to the LSC center for a 3D circular LSC with a radius of 0.5 m and 80% luminescence quantum efficiency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-light-emitted-in-a-2d-ardck82w.png Fig. 1. Schematic representation of light emitted in a 2D circular LSC from a surface element located at position r0;φ0 with respect to the center of the circle, which is subsequently reabsorbed in a surface element located at position s; ξ with respect to the emission point and located at position r;φ with respect to the center of the circle. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fraction-of-the-number-of-photons-that-are-iqbr4dvm.png Table 3. Fraction of the Number of Photons that are Transmitted to the LSC–PV Interface f trans with respect to the Initial Number of Absorbed Photons in a Circular 3D LSC with R 50 cm and with a Red 305 Dye with n 1.5 and ηLQE 0.8, When the Cone Angle Absorption is Taken into Account https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-absorption-coefficient-straight-line-and-emission-2ryfv0d2.png Fig. 2. Absorption coefficient (straight line) and emission spectrum (dashed line) of a PMMA plate doped with 115 ppm Lumogen F Red 305 dye [20]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fraction-of-the-number-of-photons-per-generation-i-380x99m3.png Table 1. Fraction of the Number of Photons per Generation i that are Emitted f em, Lost via the Escape Cones f esc, Absorbed f abs, and Transmitted to the LSC–PV Interface f trans with respect to the Initial Number of Absorbed Photons in a Circular 2D LSC with R 50 cm and with a Red 305 Dye with n 1.5 and ηLQE 0.8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dye-emission-spectrum-and-edge-transmission-spectra-169to008.png Fig. 4. Dye emission spectrum and edge transmission spectra for 2D circular LSCs with different radii containing a Red 305 dye with 100% luminescence quantum efficiency. In the main graph, the spectra are normalized on the highest peak, while in the inset the same spectra are normalized on the long wavelength side at 815 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fraction-of-the-number-of-photons-transmitted-to-the-1mph2m93.png Fig. 3. Fraction of the number of photons transmitted to the LSC–PV edge with respect to the initial number of absorbed photons as a function of the LSC radius for a 2D circular LSC with a Red 305 dye for different luminescence quantum efficiencies (ηLQE). https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-the-encapsulation-of-implemented-software-5cn3ymzw19 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-the-overview-of-a-comparison-of-architecture-metrics-3lvrdgy6.png Table X. The overview of a comparison of architecture metrics against the criteria as listed in Section 3 grouped per source https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-value-of-the-rci-metric-plotted-over-the-life-time-1lywwxjm.png Fig. 3. The value of the RCI metric plotted over the life-time of the Ant system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-subject-systems-used-in-the-study-2qgydm1y.png Table III. Subject systems used in the study https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-provides-a-summary-of-the-metrics-suite-for-2hktdqrc.png Table II provides a summary of the metrics suite for encapsulation that we will investigate in our experiment. The first nine directly address encapsulation, and adhere to all criteria. The last three https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-linear-model-for-predicting-the-ratio-of-local-bxdnt89h.png Table IX. Linear model for predicting the ratio of local change using the percentage of Internal Code and specific projects https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-linear-model-for-predicting-the-ratio-of-local-33o59aya.png Table VIII. Linear model for predicting the ratio of local change using the percentage of Outbound Code and specific projects https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-linear-model-for-predicting-the-ratio-of-local-38f38vsz.png Table VII. Linear model for predicting the ratio of local change using the percentage of Inbound Code and specific projects https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-value-of-a-snapshot-based-metric-over-time-180xbnc7.png Fig. 2. The value of a snapshot-based metric over time determines the change-set series on which the historic metric should be calculated. https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-the-parallelism-in-bpmn-processes-using-model-1c5z83gczq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-one-trace-of-the-elts-for-the-bpmn-example-given-in-2crikuv5.png Figure 4: One trace of the ELTS for the BPMN example given in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-results-for-computing-the-degree-of-si39f083.png Table 1: Experimental results for computing the degree of parallelism, where |TS|, |P|, |I|, |E|, and |D| are the number of tasks, parallel, inclusive, exclusive gateways, and the degree of parallelism, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-execution-semantics-for-bpmn-elements-2b8zaze4.png Figure 1: Execution semantics for BPMN elements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-of-bpmn-process-shipment-process-of-a-2t7cxt5i.png Figure 2: An example of BPMN process: Shipment Process of a Hardware Retailer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tool-architecture-fmopb34y.png Figure 5: Tool architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-extra-transitions-with-parallelism-information-for-31uygwg9.png Figure 3: Extra transitions with parallelism information for each gateway considered. https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-the-eu-japan-economic-partnership-agreement-595vzxs0wt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-broad-estimates-of-the-aggregate-trade-effects-of-2dllrku6.png Table 2: Broad estimates of the aggregate trade effects of the EU-Korea FTA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effects-on-sectoral-value-added-in-bn-us-dollars-6lv3p6dk.png Figure 5: Effects on Sectoral Value Added, in bn US-Dollars https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-aggregated-sectoral-trade-creation-effects-of-the-eu-1ycr5fi5.png Table 3: Aggregated Sectoral Trade Creation Effects (%) of the EU-Korea FTA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-japanese-and-eu-import-tariffs-icuxpcof.png Figure 2: Japanese and EU import tariffs (%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evolution-of-eu-bilateral-trade-with-japan-korea-33fyk1bs.png Figure 3: Evolution of EU Bilateral Trade with Japan, Korea and the Rest of the World https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-welfare-decomposition-for-scenario-s1-changes-in-bn-4w9b2jja.png Figure 4: Welfare Decomposition for Scenario S1, Changes in bn US-Dollars https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-shares-in-world-gdp-current-usd-1970-2015-and-1x1w9jfb.png Figure 1: Shares in world GDP, current USD (1970-2015) and evolution of real GDP per capita in purchasing power parities, 1990=100, 1990-2015 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-change-of-japanese-bilateral-imports-in-and-mn-usd-1fz0fysd.png Table 6: Change of Japanese bilateral Imports, in % and mn USD https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-the-propagation-of-parametric-uncertainty-on-1gkbk34ydi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-method-to-inject-and-quantify-l0bzy7fw.png Figure 1. Overview of the method to inject and quantify propagated uncertainty from biomass 15 coefficients and ATP maintenance rates to FBA predictions. First, normally distributed uncertainty 16 is injected to biomass precursor coefficients and ATP maintenance parameters. The biomass 17 reaction is reassembled while accounting for ATP hydrolysis balance and biomass MW. FBA is 18 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-overview-of-the-method-to-sample-and-propagate-22aqo5wy.png Figure 6. Overview of the method to sample and propagate uncertainty from metabolites unsteady-13 state. First, an ensemble of 𝒃𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒅 vectors is generated by sampling from a normal distribution 14 𝒩(0, 𝜎 ). Next, the optimization formulation PULP is used to project (one-at-a-time) the vector 15 𝒃𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒅 onto the closest RHS vector 𝒃𝒇𝒆𝒂𝒔 that satisfies both the conserved metabolite pools and 16 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-responses-in-output-standard-deviation-for-1mk47gk9.png Figure 3. (A) Responses in output standard deviation for biomass yield and cofactor fluxes due to 2 “one-at-a-time” noise injection to biomass coefficients. From left to right are responses in the 3 output standard deviation ratios of biomass yield, ATP, NADH, and NADPH fluxes. (B) Plots of 4 the aforementioned SDR values vs. coefficient mass fraction by mass in biomass composition. The 5 dotted lines are the linear regression lines. 6 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-ifba-calculated-relative-biomass-yield-when-56oo1k6b.png Figure 9. iFBA-calculated relative biomass yield when subjected to 0.1%, 1%, and 10% 7 uncertainty in the RHS vector (as a mass % of glucose uptake rate). Biomass yield distributions 8 are visualized with box plots and the numbers in red are the distribution means. 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ifba-calculated-biomass-yields-vs-incurred-r266v3az.png Figure 8. iFBA calculated biomass yields vs. incurred elemental imbalance as a % of the glucose 4 uptake by mass upon ignoring (samples in blue) and enforcing (samples in red) elemental balance 5 constraints. 6 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-uncertainty-in-biomass-composition-and-3iamnqjk.png Figure 2. Effect of uncertainty in biomass composition and ATP demand on FBA predictions. (A) 2 Neglecting to reweigh biomass MW to 1 g mmol-1 leads to a 3-fold exaggerated effect to the 3 biomass yield output. (B) Contribution of individual biomass coefficients (𝑐 ), macromolecular 4 composition (𝑐 ), GAM (𝑐 ), and NGAM (𝑐 ) uncertainty on biomass yield output. 5 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-overview-of-the-one-carbon-metabolism-pathway-glycl-3rokz8ex.png Figure 5. Overview of the one carbon metabolism pathway. GLYCL (highlighted in green) 10 complements 10f-THF production whereas its degradation pathway (highlighted in red) is used to 11 degrade excessive 10f-THF. [p]: in periplasm compartment; THF: tetrahydrofolate; ml-THF: 5,10-12 methylene-THF; me-THF: 5,10-methenyl-THF; 10f-THF: 10-formyl-THF; Q8: ubiquinone-8; 13 Q8H2: ubiquinol-8; mQ8: menaquinone-8; mQ8H2: menaquinol-8; GHMT2r: glycine 14 hydroxymethyltransferase, GLYCL: glycine cleavage system, MTHFD: methylene-THF 15 dehydrogenase; MTHFC: methenyl-THF cyclohydrolase; FTHFD: formyl-THF deformylase; 16 FORtppi: formate transport via diffusion; sumFDHxpp: formate dehydrogenase (Q8 or mQ8). 17 18 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sdr-of-individual-fluxes-in-central-metabolism-2lu28vx5.png Figure 4. SDR of individual fluxes in central metabolism. Reaction IDs used in the metabolic map 2 and the bar chart follow the BiGG notation used by the model iML1515 [31]. The last entry, 3 “median of others”, corresponds to the median SDR for all reactions that are not part of central 4 metabolism (i.e., mostly biosynthesis reactions). 5 6 https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-the-impact-of-policy-on-the-investment-case-for-2dfe9eu3jl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-impact-of-revenue-stacking-on-returns-vs-other-1a19g67q.png Figure 4: The impact of revenue stacking on returns vs other policy issues. The impact 705 of varying cost of capital from 0% to 10% shown by confidence bars. * see Section 4.3.4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-six-quantifiable-policy-barriers-identified-by-dlz86yxi.png Table 1: The six quantifiable policy barriers identified by interviewees 510 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-how-revenue-stacking-347f6nca.png Figure 1: Schematic representation of how revenue stacking can benefit the residential battery https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-impact-of-the-six-quantifiable-policy-barriers-2ipqn881.png Figure 2: The impact of the six quantifiable policy barriers on our four metrics. Filled bars show the initial-year income (IYI) and points show the lifetime return (NPV/Capex). Central points use a 5% cost of capital, the upper/lower ranges show 0% and 10% cost of capital respectively. The https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-additional-measures-required-to-boost-2020-returns-yc5hwz0m.png Figure 7: Additional measures required to boost 2020 returns: FRS, subsidies and loans. Based on 5% cost of capital, with confidence lines indicating the range of 0–10%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-evolution-of-lifetime-returns-in-different-157jj7ra.png Figure 6: The evolution of lifetime returns in different stacking scenarios and the impact of a subsidy and 0% loan. Based on 5% cost of capital with the exception of the 0% loan scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-contrasting-impact-of-reducing-the-initial-19mtpsf5.png Figure 5: The contrasting impact of reducing the initial investment cost versus enabling higher income on lifetime return in NPV/Capex (%). Based on 5% cost of capital and £3,322 investment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-impact-of-stacking-multiple-services-on-iyi-and-c5xzvv1r.png Figure 3: The impact of stacking multiple services on IYI and returns. The impact of https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-the-specificity-of-near-duplicate-image-17sd913xv8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-image-characterisations-used-2uuvzbj3.png Table 1: Image characterisations used https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-eh-roc-graph-for-four-metrics-vw8lxl53.png Figure 7: Eh ROC graph for four metrics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ghch-roc-graph-for-four-metrics-278p1i2a.png Figure 8: Ghch ROC graph for four metrics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-very-similar-images-as-determined-by-edge-3u0x4gux.png Figure 1: Very similar images, as determined by edge histograms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-very-similar-images-as-determined-by-colour-1em51jl0.png Figure 2: Very similar images, as determined by colour histograms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-phash-roc-graph-for-three-metrics-1znq4d30.png Figure 11: Phash ROC graph for three metrics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-ht-roc-graph-for-four-metrics-26z6kfpz.png Figure 10: Ht ROC graph for four metrics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-csl-roc-graph-for-three-metrics-wph9pqab.png Figure 6: Csl ROC graph for three metrics https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-the-reactivity-of-a-remarkably-long-lived-457e5g0r2n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-partial-hmbc-spectra-of11-1h-400-mhz-cd3od-300-k-a-9p0h1i78.png FIGURE 1. Partial HMBC spectra of11 (1H 400 MHz, CD3OD, 300 K): (a)11 alone; (b) 100 min after the addition of TMS-Cl to 0.01 M. The two spectra were normalized to the same contour level, using peak B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stationary-structures-for-enol-keto-conversion-a-kn8vmncr.png FIGURE 2. Stationary structures for enol-keto conversion: (a) enol reactant; (b) protonation transition structure; and (c) ketonic product. See Figure 3 for bond lengths. https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-the-transport-impacts-of-domestic-waste-4pbo0lcllg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proportion-of-work-undertaken-in-each-district-2eys2y71.png Table 1 - Proportion of work undertaken in each district https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-waste-to-be-collected-in-each-area-tonnes-per-week-2qbuwu9j.png Table 2 - Waste to be collected in each area (tonnes per week) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-savings-from-optimising-round-structures-1wo31q8l.png Figure 2 - Percentage savings from optimising round structures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-case-study-area-north-hampshire-gmbhqtsk.png Figure 1 - Case study area (North Hampshire) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-range-of-time-savings-through-converting-to-8oe9zrv9.png Figure 3 - Range of time savings through converting to alternate weekly collection https://scispace.com/papers/quantile-based-stop-loss-transform-and-its-applications-50hcqqh3c6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-quantile-stop-loss-transforms-of-distributions-3lb2hbnk.png Table 1 Quantile stop-loss transforms of distributions https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-variability-in-removal-efficiencies-of-chemicals-9ovk2l9uo2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-removal-efficiency-as-a-function-of-the-log-of-the-3fbaecvj.png Figure 1 – Removal efficiency [%] as a function of the log of the sludge retention time [d] for the readily biodegradable (readily BD) and not readily biodegradable (not readily BD) chemicals. The shaded areas represent the 95th confidence interval. The dots represent the different effect sizes included in our analysis (N = 542). The size and colour intensity of the dots indicate their weight in the meta-analysis. Blue dots refer to not readily biodegradable compounds, while green dots are readily biodegradable compounds. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-set-of-moderators-tested-with-a-short-justification-3lv2fsjw.png Table 1 – Set of moderators tested with a short justification for their choice. T stands for technological and C for chemical-specific moderators. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-criteria-used-for-the-study-quality-index-together-18k4z76q.png Table 2 – Criteria used for the study-quality index together with the scores assigned for each criterion (in bold). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-removal-efficiency-as-a-function-of-the-log-of-the-1tcddpll.png Figure 3 - Removal efficiency [%] as a function of the log of the flow rate [m3/d] for the readily biodegradable (readily BD) and not readily biodegradable (not readily BD) chemicals. The shaded areas represent the 95th confidence interval. The dots represent the different effect sizes included in the analysis (N = 193). The size and colour intensity of the dots indicate their weight in the metaanalysis. Blue dots refer to not readily biodegradable compounds, while green dots are readily biodegradable compounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-estimated-and-measured-removal-8hxgn94s.png Figure 4 - Comparison of estimated and measured removal efficiencies (RE) for the database excluding poor quality data (A) and the entire database (B). The colour of the dots correspond to single chemicals. Only the positive removal efficiencies are represented here, 17 values are not shown in plot A and 65 values in plot B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-removal-efficiency-as-a-function-of-the-log-of-koc-2ulavxzg.png Figure 2 – Removal efficiency [%] as a function of the log of KOC [L/kg] for the readily biodegradable (readily BD) and not readily biodegradable (not readily BD) chemicals. The shaded areas represent the 95th confidence interval. The dots represent the different effect sizes included in our analysis (N = 542). The size and colour intensity of the dots indicate their weight in the meta-analysis. Blue dots refer to not readily biodegradable compounds, while green dots are readily biodegradable compounds. https://scispace.com/papers/quantile-forecast-combinations-in-realised-volatility-us1xzt2bh7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cumulative-sum-of-forecasts-squared-errors-of-a-the-3rv7t3tn.png Figure 3: Cumulative sum of forecasts squared errors of (a) the optimal EW CSQAR forecasts vs the AR(q) benchmark, (b) the optimal EW CSQAR forecasts vs the optimal EW CSAR forecasts, (c) the optimal Bayesian CSQAR forecasts vs the AR(q) benchmark and (d) the optimal Bayesian CSQAR forecasts vs the optimal Bayesian CSAR forecasts over the out-of-sample period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-of-univariate-quantile-models-and-csqar-26oo2c5s.png Table 2. Performance of univariate quantile models and CSQAR approach (quantile forecasts) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-of-univariate-quantile-models-and-csqar-1t5pypyn.png Table 3. Performance of univariate quantile models and CSQAR approach (density forecasts) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plot-of-the-realised-volatility-series-3dx4uz8i.png Figure 1: Plot of the realised volatility series. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-selection-of-optimal-subset-k-over-the-out-of-35itsdd4.png Figure 2: Selection of optimal subset (k∗) over the out-of-sample period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-of-univariate-ar-qar-csar-and-csqar-v0nmkfsd.png Table 1. Performance of univariate AR, QAR, CSAR and CSQAR point forecasts https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-the-uv-continuum-slopes-of-galaxies-to-z-10-3q87io8pmv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-value-of-the-uv-continuum-slope-as-a-function-3tfpf160.png Figure 3. Mean value of the UV-continuum slope as a function of absolute rest-frame UV magnitude for candidate high-redshift (z = 4–10) star-forming galaxies (Bouwens et al. 2014a; Rogers et al. 2014). The thin horizontal line denotes the intrinsic slope implicit in the empirical Meurer, Heckman & Calzetti (1999) relation and the two horizontal bands show the range of intrinsic slopes expected from the MassiveBlack-II hydrodynamical simulation at z ∼ 10 assuming both fesc = 1 (pure stellar) and fesc = 0. It is important to note that at lower redshift the MassiveBlack-II simulation predicts significantly bluer intrinsic slopes (see Wilkins et al. 2013a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-sensitivity-of-the-hf160w-3-6-colour-our-proxy-1h2x7j7t.png Figure 5. The sensitivity of the Hf160w − [3.6] colour (our proxy for the UV-continuum slope) to the duration of previous (constant) star formation. The blue and purple lines show the result for Z = 0.02 and Z = 0.0004, respectively, while the solid and dashed lines show the result assuming fesc = 0 (i.e. including nebular continuum and line emission) and fesc = 1 (i.e. pure stellar emission), respectively. The solid and hatched horizontal bands show the predictions from the MassiveBlack-II simulations assuming fesc = 0 and fesc = 1, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-inferred-rest-frame-uv-attenuation-a1500-right-35hp90ob.png Figure 7. The inferred rest-frame UV attenuation A1500 (right-hand axes) assuming the Meurer et al. (1999) relation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relative-observed-nir-photometry-of-a-model-star-3s123mwm.png Figure 1. Relative observed NIR photometry of a model star-forming galaxy at z ∈ {7, 8, 9, 10} highlighting the bands available to measure the rest-frame UV-continuum slope. At z > 9.6, the Spitzer/IRAC [3.6] band can be combined with the Hf160w band to measure the UV-continuum slope over a large wavelength baseline, minimizing its uncertainty. At z ∼ 8 only the JHf140w and Hf160w bands are uncontaminated by the Lyman γ break providing only a small wavelength baseline and leaving the uncertainty on the observed UV-continuum slope very large. https://scispace.com/papers/quantile-peer-effects-of-immigrant-children-at-primary-4tey387ncl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-educational-performance-of-native-dutch-22h1at5r.png Table 1: Average educational performance of native Dutch children and immigrant children https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-test-of-random-allocation-of-immigrant-students-3vjslmf2.png Table 2: Test of random allocation of immigrant students across classrooms, cohorts and schools. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-sensitivity-analysis-estimated-spillover-effects-of-315o198g.png Table 6: Sensitivity analysis: Estimated spillover effects of different immigrant groups on male Dutch students https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-quantile-regression-test-scores-baseline-estimates-m9qdek9z.png Table 5: Quantile regression test scores: Baseline estimates of spillover effects from firstgeneration immigrant students https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-share-of-immigrant-students-and-educational-sq99thtg.png Figure 2: Share of immigrant students and educational attainment of native Dutch children https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kernel-density-plots-of-educational-performance-of-3tbr7ixe.png Figure 1: Kernel density plots of educational performance of native Dutch children by proportion of immigrant students in the classroom https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-quantile-regression-test-scores-baseline-estimates-3igzezn1.png Table 4: Quantile regression test scores: Baseline estimates of spillover effects from all immigrant students https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-sensitivity-analysis-estimated-spillover-effects-in-3jaawt18.png Table 8: Sensitivity analysis: Estimated spillover effects in 4th, 6th, 8th grades https://scispace.com/papers/quantitation-of-spermatogenesis-by-dna-flow-cytometry-3hfi6h7xch 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-kinetics-of-germ-cell-transformations-ratios-in-the-3e0u2s6m.png Table 2. Kinetics of germ cell transformations (ratios) in the six species of mammals studied by DNA flow cytometry. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-per-cent-testicular-germ-cell-populations-in-six-2p0x8ttl.png Table 1. Per cent testicular germ cell populations in six species of mammals analysed by DNA flow cytometry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representative-flow-cytograms-showing-the-59zk7uhe.png Figure 1. Representative flow cytograms showing the distribution of testicular germ cell populations based on their DNA content in the six species of mammals studied by DNA flow cytometry. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitating-translational-control-mrna-abundance-dependent-wtf7vu6l2h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-ruma-slope-between-scaling-standards-and-the-1o2l6e0q.png Figure 4. The RuMA slope between scaling-standards and the datasets input to the Bayesian model. (A) Protein data. (B) mRNA data. Each data point is the mean of the RuMA slopes between a single input dataset versus each of the corresponding scaling-standards, where RuMA slope= standard deviation of a scaling-standard / standard deviation of an input dataset. The results are grouped by the method used to produce the input dataset, and the numbers of datasets in each group are indicated (N). An RuMA slope of 1 is shown by the dashed black line, the case where the standard deviation of the input dataset is equal to the mean of the standard deviation of the scaling-standards. The mean RuMA slope between the scaling-standards and the abundance estimates from the Bayesian model is shown by the solid black line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-trmd-and-trmind-are-differentially-determined-by-ecrk9ak7.png Figure 9. TRmD and TRmIND are differentially determined by mRNA sequences. The R2 coefficients of determination between mRNA sequence features and TRmD and TRmIND are shown (Supplementary Table S7 and Methods S4). The Bonferroni corrected P-value testing if the correlations with TRmD and TRmIND are equal are given, with significant p-values shown in red. A cartoon below shows to which mRNA region each feature maps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-35-to-28-translation-initiation-control-element-3qlf0ji4.png Figure 8. The –35 to + 28 Translation Initiation Control Element (TICE). (A) Position weight matrices (PWMs) for the 10% of mRNAs with the highest TR scores (top) and the 10% of mRNAs with the lowest TR scores (bottom). Sequence logos show the frequency of each nucleotide at each position relative to the first nucleotide of the protein coding sequence (CDS) (Dataset S7). (B) The mean predicted RNA folding energy ( G, kcal/mol) of 35 nucleotide windows (y-axis). The x-axis shows the position of the 5′ most nucleotide of each window. Windows representing every one nucleotide offset were calculated. (C) The R2 coefficient of determination between translation rates (TR) and PWM scores. PWMs of varying lengths were built from the sequences of the 10% of mRNAs with the highest TRs, and then log odds scores were calculated for all mRNAs that completely contained a given PWM. PWMs extending 5′ from –1 in 5 nucleotide increments were tested (x-axis, right to left) and these were also extended 3′ from +4 in 5 or 10 nucleotide increments (grey to black scale). (D) The R2 coefficients of determination between TICE mRNA sequence features and TR. PWMs corresponding to the three specified TICE mRNA regions (–35/–1, +4/+28 and –35/+28) were used to score each gene (PWM only). Alternatively, PWMs and the frequencies of a small subset of dinucleotides and/or trinucleotides were scored for each gene (PWM + di/tri nuc. freq.) (Datasets S6 and S8). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-contributions-to-the-control-protein-expression-a-1f1tq0cu.png Figure 6. Contributions to the control protein expression. (A) The maximum percentage contributions of estimates of mRNA abundance, protein degradation (PnD), and TRmIND to the variance in measured levels of protein expression as well as the percent of the variance unexplained (Supplementary Tables S4 and S6). The contributions were calculated by using the OLS regression to fit a statistical model (Materials andMethods, Equation 12). (B) Left, the presumed percentage contributions of true mRNA abundance, protein degradation (PnD) and TRmIND if the unexplained component in A is due to similar proportions of measurement error in each data class. Right, the mean of our estimates for the contribution of TRmD to the amplification exponent bprot–RNA. The dashed black line shows a slope of 1, the shaded area shows the increase in slope due to TRmD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-amino-acid-and-codon-frequencies-correlate-with-1sy242rw.png Figure 10. Amino acid and codon frequencies correlate with tRNAabundances. The frequencies of amino acid (AA) or codons in the CDSwere determined separately for the 10% of genes with the highest scores for TRmD or TRmIND (top TRmD or top TRmIND) and for the 10% of genes with the lowest scores (bottom TRmD or bottom TRmIND) (Dataset S9). (A and B) The coefficient of determination (R2) for top and bottom amino acid or codon frequencies vs their cognate tRNA abundances (Supplementary Table S9). For amino acids, the frequencies of all cognate tRNAs for each amino acid were summed to give a combined tRNA abundance. The Bonferroni corrected P-value testing if the correlation of tRNA abundance with the top cohort is greater than that with the bottom cohort are given, with significant p-values shown in red. (C–F) The ratios between the frequencies of amino acids or codons in the top cohort divided by those in the bottom cohort were determined (Dataset S9). Ratios > 1 thus indicate a higher frequency in the top TRmD or top TRmIND cohorts. Scatter plots are shown between top/bottom frequency ratios and tRNA abundance along with the Pearson correlation coefficients (r). Bonferroni corrected P-values testing if the correlations are significant are also given, with significant P-values shown in red. Dashed vertical lines indicate a ratio of 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mrna-sequences-that-explain-translation-rates-the-1zs1dkld.png Figure 7. mRNA sequences that explain translation rates. The R2 coefficients of determination between nine mRNA sequence features and TR are shown (Supplementary Table S7 and Methods S4). A cartoon below shows to which mRNA region each feature maps. The TICE, CDS amino acid frequency and CDS codon frequency features are multi feature sets comprised of 14, 20 and 61 individual features respectively (Datasets S6 and S8). The other six are single features (Dataset S6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-slopes-between-bayesian-model-abundance-data-3mvqdzkw.png Figure 2. The slopes between Bayesian-model abundance data and scaling-standards. (A) The four protein scaling-standards are compared to the Bayesian protein abundance data. (B) The four mRNA scaling-standards are compared to the Bayesian mRNA data. The colored lines are RuMA regressions that demonstrate slope b̂. The lines have been shifted to give the same value at the origin, allowing ready comparison of the slopes. The dashed black lines show slope b = 1, the case where the standard deviations of the x and y values are equal and thus what would be seen if the data from the Bayesian model were scaled identically to a scaling-standard. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-3d-characterization-of-cellular-materials-2jimfvx39c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-gradient-guided-watershed-the-principle-is-shown-1tzyskqy.png FIG. 2. Gradient Guided Watershed. The principle is shown through these two 2D images. (a) shows a local maximum selected to grow as a bubble (S0) and the surrounding Plateau borders (blue) and distance map colored in yellow. The progress of the bubble is shown as arrows through several iterations. The first few (light red) are isotropic as the distance map increases uniformly from local maximum. The next (green) become slightly more anisotropic with regions no longer in-line with the proximal Plateau borders growing more slowly. The final step (dark thick red) is very anisotropic with no growth in the black circle regions and strong growth to the Plateau borders. The figure also illustrates how poorly constrained the bubbles are by the plateau borders in lower liquid fraction, open cellular materials. (b) shows three local maxima (yellow circles), Plateau borders (white triangles), and the distance map as a gradient field (red arrows). The growth of each local maxima would follow the arrows toward the Plateau borders. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-between-the-techniques-developed-in-this-3ihh0e1r.png FIG. 6. Comparison between the techniques developed in this paper (red) and those used in [8] (green) using the FOAM-P measurement analyzed with both techniques. (a) shows the visual comparison with red spheres being bubbles coming from the tools we developed and green spheres being bubbles from the former paper, [8]. (b) shows an XY slice taken from the absorption data with the region of interest compared highlighted (c and d) show comparison of bubbles matched between the two methods. The red line in both images indicates a perfect matching between the methods (c) shows a 2D histogram of the volume. The X-axis shows the volume in the Lambert labeling and the Y-axis shows the volume from the labeling introduced in the manuscript. The color indicates the number of bubbles with black being 0 and white being more than 100. The volume axis in this graph is limited due to the sparsity of bubbles larger than 0.1 where agreement was also good (not shown). The inset shows two volume distributions plotted against each other. The two distributions seem to match very well in shape, mean, and standard deviation. (d) shows a 2D histogram of the face count. The X-axis shows the face count in the Lambert labeling and the Y-axis shows the face count from the labeling introduced in the manuscript. The color indicates the number of bubbles with black being 0 and white being more than 100. The inset shows the face count distribution plotted on a linear scale. The mean faces numbers equal to 9.9 ± 4.7 (Lambert) and 11.1± 4.4 (Mader). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-foam-imaging-we-show-in-this-figure-the-steps-involved-1p6sz08r.png FIG. 1. Foam Imaging. We show in this figure the steps involved for foam imaging using X-Ray tomography. (a) Reconstructed absorption values from the sample. The liquid in the Plateau borders (gray) absorbs much more than the air within the bubbles (black). (b) Segmented Plateau borders. (c) Inverse of (b), showing the bubbles of the image. (d) Distance map created from the inverse of the Plateau borders. It shows how far each voxel in the foam is away from the nearest Plateau border. Yellow regions are far away and black regions are closer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-reconstruction-and-labeling-of-two-different-foams-2ie142vq.png FIG. 5. Reconstruction and labeling of two different foams using the same F latness = 0.375 and TGrowth = 0.9. The foams examined were FOAM-P (poly-dispersive foam) and the FOAM-M (monodisperse foam) with (a) and (d) showing the segmented Plateau borders for the two foams. (b) and (e) show the labeled bubbles colored by the number of facets the given bubble has. (c) shows the histogram of bubble volume with number fraction plotted on the Y-axis and bubble volume plotted on the X-axis. Number fraction indicates the number of bubbles with this volume over the total number of bubbles. The standard-deviation of the FOAM-P distribution is 7 times larger than FOAM-M. (f) shows the histogram for face count with the Y-axis being number fraction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-quantitative-sensitive-analysis-of-the-parameters-1mnfxusf.png FIG. 4. Quantitative sensitive analysis of the parameters Tgrowth and F latness on the labeling of bubbles using the FOAM-M system. In a,b,d, and f, F latness is shown on the X-axis and Tgrowth on the Y-axis. The parameters are varied around the selected values with Tgrowth going all the way to Tfill. The point where the blue lines indicate the value used for the analysis of FOAM-M and FOAM-P. (a) Shows the number of large (>10,000 voxels) bubbles. (b) Shows the number of total bubbles. (c) Shows the volume distribution (x-axis) against probability (y-axis) of bubbles based on only the F latness (colored lines) parameter with Tgrowth fixed at 0.9. (d) Shows the percentage of bubbles which invading or creep bubbles assessed by counting the number of bubbles with more than 20 faces. (e) Shows the mean volume of bubbles, which contain more than 10,000 voxels (f) Shows the bubble count for large and small bubbles against the F latness parameter with a fixed Tgrowth of 0.9. The definitions of large and small are indicated by the blue and green colored regions respectively in (c) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-the-effect-of-the-parameters-tgrowth-1n72ql72.png FIG. 3. Illustration of the effect of the parameters Tgrowth and F latness on the labeling of bubbles. (a-c) show 3 different values of Tgrowth and the resulting labeling in a small region. The plateau border is colored white. (a) Shows a too low threshold such that the bubbles creep or invade neighboring bubbles shown in a slice and 3D illustration. (b) Shows the value, which was used for the analysis of FOAM-M and FOAM-P with nearly full bubbles and little to no creep. (c) shows a Tgrowth value, which is too high and prevents the bubbles from sufficiently filling the cavities and then during Tfill overlap. Specifically the bubble in the red box is not completely filled in and could result in bubbles invaginating each other. (d-f) Show 3 different values for F latness and the labeled bubbles drawn as spheres colored by the volume between 0 and 10,000 voxels. (d) shows a value, which is too high and results in a large number of very small bubbles. (e) Shows the value used for the analysis of FOAM-M and FOAM-P. (f) Shows a too low value for F latness resulting in too few seeds, which consequently become bubbles. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-analysis-of-woodpecker-habitat-using-high-47welqkfix 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-vegetation-structural-criteria-of-good-quality-39thbenv.png Table 2 Vegetation structural criteria of good quality foraging habitat included in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (2003) recovery standard and managed stability standard along with corresponding criteria codes used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-area-in-the-rcwmanagement-area-rcwma-and-within-vn1f7mib.png Table 6 Area in the RCWmanagement area (RCWMA) and within foraging partitions that simultaneously satisfied the requirements of only 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 foraging habitat criteria. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-amount-of-foraging-habitat-at-the-recommended-3vj68b0x.png Fig. 3. The amount of foraging habitat at the recommended threshold level for BA (m2/ha) of pines ≥35.6 cm dbh (criterion D) and 95% joint prediction confidence interval boundary points allocated to non-overlapping RCW active and recruitment clusters (ranked by number of suitable ha) at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rcw-habitat-criteria-regression-model-summaries-2a0u0nhj.png Table 3 RCW habitat criteria regression model summaries, multiple R2, and root mean square error (RMSE) for basal area (BA; ft2 ac−1) and tree density (DEN; trees ac−1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-total-area-of-rcwmanagement-area-rcwma-and-foraging-1l4kr6ut.png Table 5 Total area of RCWmanagement area (RCWMA) and foraging partitions on the SRS meeting single criteria and multiple criteria applied in sequence. Refer to Table 2 for criteria code definitions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relationships-between-the-number-of-aggregated-0-04-ha-ncyhr3h6.png Fig. 2. Relationships between the number of aggregated 0.04 ha cells (m) and prediction error showing the mean predictions and 95% confidence bands for individual estimates at low (0.35 trees/ha),median (71.79 trees/ha), and high (244.57 trees/ha; panels A, B, and C, respectively) predicted values of the density (trees/ha) of pines≥35.6 cmdbh (criterion E). Vertical lines represent the aggregate cell size selected for habitat analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-spatial-arrangement-of-0-64-ha-aggregates-in-which-2c2e6kfa.png Fig. 4. The spatial arrangement of 0.64-ha aggregates in which the values of the recommended threshold value (panel B) and 95% joint prediction confidence interval boundary points (lower and upper boundary points represented in panels C and A, respectively) for criterion D (BA of pines ≥35.6 cm dbh) were satisfied. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-spatial-arrangement-of-0-64-ha-aggregates-in-which-2t476vgk.png Fig. 5. The spatial arrangement of 0.64-ha aggregates in which the threshold values of criteria A (≤30% hardwood canopy cover), B (BA of pines ≥25.4 cm dbh is ≥9.2 and ≤16.1 m2/ha), and G (Total BA, including overstory hardwoods, is≤18.4 m2/ha) were simultaneously satisfied. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-adverse-outcome-pathway-analysis-of-hatching-in-27cyt1sj2j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-symbols-and-parameter-values-1r2d7tk6.png Table 1. Symbols and Parameter Values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mechanisms-of-cuo-enp-toxicity-cuo-enps-shed-cu-f1loxni2.png Figure 1.Mechanisms of CuO ENP toxicity. CuO ENPs shed Cu ions, which diffuse through chorionic pores into the perivitelline space, where they inhibit Zebrafish Hatching Enzyme 1 (ZHE1) and thereby impair the hatching process, which, in turn may lead to starvation conditions for embryos in unhatched eggs, and a delay in feeding in larvae (solid arrows). Tentative processes explored in this study (broken arrows) include (1) the attenuation of ZHE1 inhibition due to the binding of Cu to ligands in the perivitelline space; and (2) Cu enhanced uptake via diffusion of CuO ENPs into the perivitelline space and/or via the shedding of Cu ions from chorion bound CuO ENPs. Mechanisms for future exploration (dotted arrows) include the accumulation of Cu in embryos and subsequent toxic effects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-course-of-the-mean-fraction-of-unhatched-viable-30owviz3.png Figure 4. Course of the mean fraction of unhatched viable eggs (circles) exposed to CuO ENPs with primary diameter of 25 nm (A), 50 nm (B), 100 nm (C) or 400 nm (D). From bottom to top, curves represent model fits to data relating to nominal Cu concentrations increasing from 0 (black), 0.25 (blue). 0.5 (red), 1 (green) and 2 (purple) ppm; until approximately 50 hpf data and model fits at all exposure levels are overlapping (available data from 4 and 8 ppm of all primary size ENPs and 2 ppm 25 nm ENPs are excluded, because all or nearly all eggs died before hatching). Model fits are based on dissolved Cu concentrations in the medium and perivitelline space (with eqs 1 and 3; see text). Dotted lines connect data to corresponding model fits. Vertical lines represent standard deviations of 15 (control) or 3 (all exposure levels) replicates of the means of 16 eggs; the mean absolute error of model predictions is 0.04 (A), 0.06 (B), 0.04 (C) and 0.10 (D). Parameter estimates are listed in Table 1. Data from Hua et al.15 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-course-of-the-mean-fraction-of-unhatched-viable-3vbc13qa.png Figure 5. Course of the mean fraction of unhatched viable eggs (circles) exposed to CuO ENPs at nominal concentrations of 0 (black), 0.1 (blue), 0.5 (red), 1.5 (green) and 2.5 ppm (purple) Cu (A) and 0.02 (black), 0.25 (blue), 1 (red), 2 (green) and 12.5 (purple) ppm of Cu (B); note exposure levels alternate between the panels. From bottom to top, curves represent model fits to data relating to increasing nominal CuO ENP concentrations; yet, model fits are based on dissolved Cu concentrations in the medium and perivitelline space (with eqs 1 and 3; see text); until approximately 50 hpf data and model fits at all exposure levels are overlapping. Dotted lines connect data to corresponding model fits. Vertical lines represent standard deviations of 5 (control), 6 (12.5 ppm) or 4 (all other exposure levels) replicates of the means of 12 eggs; the mean absolute error of model predictions is 0.11. Parameter estimates are listed in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-course-of-the-mean-fraction-of-unhatched-viable-2e4tkdkl.png Figure 3. Course of the mean fraction of unhatched viable eggs exposed to Cu(NO3)2. From bottom to top, curves represent model fits to data relating to nominal Cu concentrations increasing from 0 (black), 0.25 (blue), 0.5 (red), 1 (green) and 2 (purple) ppm; until approximately 50 hpf data and model fits at all exposure levels are overlapping (available data from 4 and 8 ppm of CuO are excluded, as nearly all embryos died before hatching). Model fits are based on dissolved Cu concentrations in the medium and perivitelline space (with eq 1 and 3; see text). Dotted lines connect data to corresponding model fits. Vertical lines represent standard deviations of 15 (control) or 3 (all exposure levels) replicates of the means of 16 eggs; the mean absolute error of model predictions is 0.04. Parameter estimates are listed in Table 1. Data from Hua et al.15 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hatching-results-and-model-fits-eq-3-in-the-7xceqh48.png Figure 2. Hatching results and model fits eq 3 in the controls of current study (open circles, solid line) and of the one by Hua et al.15 (triangles, broken line). The data and error bars represent the mean fraction and standard deviation of unhatched viable eggs of 5 replicates of 12 eggs (current study) or 15 replicates of 16 eggs (Hua study). Estimates (with 95% confidence intervals) of the onset of chorion digestion, tr, and the hatching acceleration, k0′, are 45.2 (44.1−45.9) hpf and 0.063 (0.04−0.09) h−2 (current study; mean absolute error of model predictions is 0.03), and 46.1 (43.1−47.7) hpf and 0.004 (0.003−0.006) h−2 (Hua study; mean absolute error is 0.02), respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-analysis-of-electric-force-microscopy-the-role-1izuf3v5tf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tapping-mode-atomic-force-microscopysad-and-2v-lt8621ao.png FIG. 4. Tapping mode atomic force microscopysad and 2v-electric force microscopy withVtip=2 V peak to peak at a frequency of 300 Hz and tip-sample separation 20 nmsbd of SiGe nanostructures at the edge of a mesa.scd Normalized simulated scanline offset from normalized experimental scanline. The insetsnot to scaled shows the predicted dielectric constants of the SiGe nanostructures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-force-gradient-on-stationary-cantilever-20-nm-above-2k8zkgzc.png FIG. 3. Force gradient on stationary cantilever 20 nm above the center of a floating nanostructure with varying radius. For small nanostructure radii, the force gradient approaches the value of a tip 60 nm from the oxide; for large radii, the force gradient approaches that of a tip 20 nm from a flat conducting plate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulated-efm-scanline-of-a-tip-it-scans-at-a-set-3qccx1h3.png FIG. 1. Simulated EFM scanline of a tip it scans at a set height of 20 nm over floating nanostructures with the same dielectric constant but different topographies. The nanostructure on the leftsdiameter 100 nm and height 40 https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-analysis-of-crack-closure-driven-by-laplace-191fvlteua 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-evolution-of-the-apparent-crack-length-c-as-a-10duf4bc.png Figure 6: Evolution of the apparent crack length c as a function of the external decreasing load F . In the inset the same data are plotted in terms of the strain energy release rate GExt = K 2 Ext/E ′ as a function of the apparent crack length c (NB: the axes are switched because c should now be considered as the independent variable). The crack closure threshold G0 corresponds to the intersection between the two regimes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-condensate-length-l-as-a-function-of-the-stress-2ut9ckwp.png Figure 4: Condensate length L as a function of the stress intensity factor KExt obtained by AFM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sketch-of-the-dcdc-sample-arranged-to-observe-the-31pkkrd7.png Figure 5: Sketch of the DCDC sample arranged to observe the crack closure by optical microscopy (horizontal crack plane) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fit-of-the-kext-l-curve-according-to-equation-the-1radauav.png Figure 7: Fit of the KExt − L curve according to equation (??). The AFM measurements of Fig. ?? are combined with the optical measurements of the threshold K0 (vertical dashed line). The black square symbol corresponds to the estimated value of Lmax. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-setup-a-sketch-of-the-dcdc-geometry-b-24mus74j.png Figure 2: Experimental setup: (a) Sketch of the DCDC geometry; (b) picture of the experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-an-open-crack-showing-2x4i93y4.png Figure 1: Schematic representation of an open crack showing how a capillary condensate modifies the crack opening profile near the crack tip. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-typical-afm-height-a-and-phase-b-images-of-the-148jnkve.png Figure 3: Typical AFM height (a) and phase (b) images of the crack tip for a fracture propagating from top to bottom of the image (400x400 nm2). The scale range is respectively 5 nm and 5◦. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-analysis-of-a-successful-public-hydrogen-1puvqruk4u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-e-hydrogen-dispensed-per-year-allocated-by-automaker-1gh9pern.png Fig. 5 e Hydrogen dispensed per year allocated by automaker. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-e-hydrogen-station-load-duration-curve-showing-the-2od9k09x.png Fig. 6 e Hydrogen Station load duration curve showing the relationship between daily dispensing capacity and capacity utilization for 5 years. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-e-histogram-of-refueling-time-2eofkr84.png Fig. 7 e Histogram of refueling time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-e-station-power-demand-and-refuelings-over-a-5-day-1odca7hf.png Fig. 8 e Station power demand and refuelings over a 5-day period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-e-high-resolution-power-demand-data-showing-peak-2a5jeykz.png Fig. 10 e High resolution power demand data showing peak power consumption associated with one 70 MPa fueling. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-e-high-resolution-power-demand-for-a-period-containing-1cniyshu.png Fig. 9 e High resolution power demand for a period containing nighttime base load, daytime base load, and two 35 MPa refueling peaks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-e-simulated-pressure-of-each-of-the-3-onsite-hydrogen-iysla6u4.png Fig. 11 e Simulated pressure of each of the 3 onsite hydrogen station storage tubes during the week of heaviest usage for 2009. Solid line: high pressure bank, dashed line: middle pressure, dotted line: low pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-e-storage-tube-pressures-for-repeated-7-kg-fills-per-3rz6cavq.png Fig. 12 e Storage tube pressures for repeated 7 kg fills per SAE kg/day guidelines. Solid line: high pressure bank, dashed line: middle pressure, dotted line: low pressure. The dark solid line at 27.5 MPa represents the booster compressor threshold. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-and-qualitative-determination-of-cla-produced-1yp25lq7d7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scheme-of-the-sequential-experiments-performed-to-42te2wgg.png Fig. 1. Scheme of the sequential experiments performed to identify the probiotic bacteria capable of producing CLA and test this ability in skim milk using free linoleic acid or safflower oil as precursor substrates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-strains-selected-for-this-study-cla-production-and-ffusxcok.png Table 1 Strains selected for this study, CLA production and source. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cla-concentration-lg-ml-of-the-culture-supernatants-36zgammp.png Table 2 CLA concentration (lg/ml) of the culture supernatant’s obtained after incubation of the selected strains in Skim milk with free LA (1 mg/ml) and safflower oil (1 mg/ml) for 24 and 48 h. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-partial-chromatogram-of-the-cla-isomers-profile-3ieb3wbx.png Fig. 3. Partial chromatogram of the CLA isomers profile assessed by Ag+-HPLC of the culture supernatant obtained of L. acidophilus LAC1 in skim milk with free linoleic acid as precursor substrate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cla-concentration-lg-ml-of-the-culture-supernatants-16obzgig.png Table 3 CLA concentration (lg/ml) of the culture supernatant’s obtained after incubation of the selected strains in skim milk medium with free LA (1 mg/mL) during 24 h and safflower oil (1 mg/ ml) for 48 h. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-viable-cell-numbers-of-selected-strains-cultured-in-w52yjw5f.png Fig. 2. Viable cell numbers of selected strains cultured in skim milk with free lino https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-and-rapid-plasmodium-falciparum-malaria-1ye6rjs7nc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nucleic-acid-amplification-tests-for-the-specific-1zvxq3af.png Table 1. Nucleic-acid amplification tests for the specific detection of P. falciparum https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-electronic-sensors-and-methods-a-temporal-21g4sdet.png Fig. 5. Electronic Sensors and Methods. (A) Temporal characterisation of the temperature sensor on-chip at steps of 10oC. (B) Temperature sensor linearity showing a sensitivity of 16.2 mV/oC. (C) Temperature profile from the on-chip sensor during a typical reaction. (D) Typical response obtained during pH-LAMP carried-out in the LoC platform. The trace shows raw data recorded as the average of active pixels in the ISFET array. At first, the chip heats up with de-ionized water loaded in the chamber and a temperature transient is observed. Subsequently, the slow monotonic change shown corresponds to drift due to hydration of the sensing material. After the temperature has settled, the solution is replaced with a positive sample which induces a pH change. (E) Signal recorded from the ISFET sensors after the sample has been loaded. The stretched-exponential drift model is adopted whose parameters are fitted using temporal data from the first few (¡10) minutes of the reaction. Subsequently, drift is extrapolated until the end of the amplification reaction and is assumed as the background signal. (F) Drift-compensated signal with the TTP obtained by finding the point where the amplification curve crosses y=0. The amplification curve is obtained as the straight line at the point of maximum slope of the drift-compensated signal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-lab-on-chip-detection-of-c580y-snp-associated-to-p-247jey8u.png Fig. 4. Lab-on-Chip detection of C580Y SNP associated to P. falciparum artemisinin-resistance. (A) Workflow representation of the USS-sbLAMP method for allele-specific detection [44]. Specific reactions amplify in isothermal conditions whereas unspecific reactions are prevented or delayed. (B) Comparison of results obtained with the LoC platform and the LC96 qPCR instrument. TTP values are displayed, with ∆TTP values annotated, indicating that specific reactions always occur earlier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-configurations-using-the-lab-on-chip-2u6s52i6.png Fig. 3. Experimental configurations using the Lab-on-Chip platform. (A) Setup showing the Lab-on-Chip (LoC) platform including a motherboard PCB that facilitates data readout, a cartridge PCB hosing the microchip and microfluidic chamber, a the microchip including an array of 4096 ISFET sensors and an external thermal controller. Furthermore, a microphotograph shows a 6×6 subset of the ISFET array. (B) Cross-section of an ISFET fabricated in unmodified CMOS technology and equivalent circuit macromodel. (C) Schematic of a pixel configuration implemented as a source follower configuration where changes in Vout reflect changes in pH [37]. (D) Cross-section illustration of the LoC platform showing the reaction interface. Amplification at 63oC only occurs if the specific target is present in the loaded sample. Results are displayed in real-time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-summary-of-results-of-p-falciparum-amplification-with-8lv383rf.png Fig. 2. Summary of results of P. falciparum amplification with the LoC platform and a commercial qPCR instrument. (A) LAMP, pH-LAMP and LoC pH-LAMP standard curves obtained with the primer set LAMP-PfK13. Both pH-LAMP curves are almost perfectly correlated to the LAMP reference. (B) Amplification curves of synthetic DNA at different concentrations (107, 105 and 103 copies per reaction) carried-out in the LoC platform. (C) Same samples carried out in LC96 qPCR instrument. (D) Bar plot comparing the TTP values obtained with the LoC platform and the LC96 qPCR instrument at the different concentrations of synthetic DNA. P-values produced from the Student’s t-test are shown as stars, with **** representing p-value< 0.0001. (E) Bar plot showing ∆pH measurements of the reaction solutions obtained before and after incubation at 63oC with the LoC (green bars) and the LC96 qPCR instrument (red bars). Furthermore, the LoC signal output (blue bars) in mV is shown (right-hand side Y-axis) and equivalent pH units according to the sensitivity described in Section 5 (left-hand side Y-axis). (F) Amplification curves of two P. falciparum DNA samples derived from clinical isolates carried-out in the LoC platform. (G) Same samples carried-out in the LC96 qPCR instrument. (H) Bar plot comparing the TTP values obtained with the LoC and LC96 instrument of the clinical isolates in (F) and (G). Also annotated are the equivalent concentrations estimated using the pH-LAMP standard curves in (A). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sequence-alignment-primer-design-and-analytical-ij97yxyi.png Fig. 1. Sequence alignment, primer design and analytical specificity for the detection of P. falciparum. (A) Illustration of the gene kelch 13 showing in black the region selected for primer design. (B) Alignment of all human-infective Plasmodium species with P. falciparum as reference sequence. Mismatches in the alignment are displayed as AGTC whereas matched nucleotides are represented as dots. Primers are illustrated on top of the alignment. (C) Primer location in LAMP amplicon (5’ to 3’ direction). Sequences of the primers can be found in table S1. (D) Results showing specific amplification of P. falciparum DNA samples from clinical isolates as well as gel electrophoresis of the amplified products to confirm specificity. Digested amplification products are shown in fig. S2. The restriction enzyme used for this experiment is BccI (# R0704S, New England BioLabs). The cutting point is illustrated with an arrow and the binding region is orange shadowed in (B). M denotes 100 bp DNA ladder (#10488058, Invitrogen). Samples are described in (B). (E) Pan-primer set [21] used as reference for the detection of all Plasmodium species. TTP values are displayed in minutes and labelled. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-aop-based-teratogenicity-prediction-for-7au5wf0zao 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-model-parameter-values-for-retinoic-acid-gradient-3xwb1w84.png Table 3: Model parameter values for retinoic acid gradient perturbation model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimated-relationship-between-branchial-arch-1x3wqo6l.png Figure 4: Estimated relationship between branchial arch malformations and concentrations of three CYP26A1 inhibitors. The black lines correspond to the best fit of the multistage model, the dark grey areas mark the 95% confidence region of the malformation probability estimates, the light grey areas the 95% confidence regions of model predictions for groups of 12 embryos, the red dots are the data values (with 95% binomial confidence limits). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fitted-relationship-between-branchial-arch-3lbo9or9.png Figure 3: Fitted relationship between branchial arch malformations and retinoic acid concentration increase above background. The black line corresponds to the best fit of the multistage model, the dark grey area marks the 95% confidence region of the malformation probability estimates, the light grey area the 95% confidence regions of model predictions for groups of 12 embryos, the red dots are the data values (with 95% binomial confidence limits). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulated-gradient-profiles-for-ra-cyp26a1-mrna-t9rez887.png Figure 2: Simulated gradient profiles for RA, CYP26A1 mRNA, CYP26A1 and FGF in the rat embryo at day 10 post-fertilization, for various levels of exposure to FLUSI. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulated-gradient-profiles-for-ra-cyp26a1-mrna-1gbrhcus.png Figure 2: Simulated gradient profiles for RA, CYP26A1 mRNA, CYP26A1 and FGF in the rat embryo at day 10 post-fertilization, for various levels of exposure to FLUSI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-counts-of-branchial-arch-malformations-observed-in-22byrjd6.png Table 1: Counts of branchial arch malformations observed in embryos exposed to retinoic acid, flusilazole, https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-model-parameter-values-for-retinoic-acid-gradient-ea6a20ad.png Table 2: Model parameter values for retinoic acid gradient perturbation model. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-assessment-of-cell-population-diversity-in-2phkltwuou 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulation-data-reveal-sc-unifrac-to-be-sensitive-and-2wp1vge7.png Fig 2. Simulation data reveal sc-UniFrac to be sensitive and robust. (A) Two groups (N1 and N2) of 1,000 cells were selected from CD8 and CD4 cells identified in the Wishbone dataset (S1 Data) [25]. N1 is always composed of 100% CD8 cells, while N2 is composed of CD8 cells and different proportions of CD4 cells (indicated on x-axis). Green and red arrows represent CD8/CD8 (completely similar) and CD8/CD4 (completely dissimilar) comparisons, respectively; y-axis is the sc-UniFrac distance calculated over n = 50 runs with k = 10. Boxes represent the first and third quartiles, and bars represent maximum and minimum values. (B) Sensitivity of sc-UniFrac evaluated by the fraction of incidences that a statistically significant sc-UniFrac distance was returned over n = 50 runs, as a function of increasing dissimilarity between N1 and N2 using the same simulation scheme as panel A. (C) Mean sc-UniFrac plotted as in panel A with varying k parameter. (D) Fraction significant sc-UniFrac detected plotted as in panel B with varying k parameter. (E) Mean sc-UniFrac plotted as in panel A with N1 = 1,000 but a varying N2 size to determine the effect of dataset size imbalance on sc-UniFrac. (F) Fraction significant sc-UniFrac detected plotted as in panel B with N1 = 1,000 and varying N2 size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sc-unifrac-groups-oligodendrocytes-by-brain-regions-a-3u0rkm7a.png Fig 7. sc-UniFrac groups oligodendrocytes by brain regions. (A) Hierarchical clustering by sc-UniFrac of scRNA-seq data generated from different regions of the brain according to [29]. Heat represents sc-UniFrac distance between two regions. (B) Schematic of brain regions for generating scRNA-seq data. (C) t-SNE plot of data combined from all brain regions, with oligodendrocytes from each region highlighted. Data from GSE75330. scRNA-seq, single-cell RNA sequencing; SN-VTA, substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area; t-SNE, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-alternative-methods-of-landscape-comparisons-arrive-at-ws59011k.png Fig 4. Alternative methods of landscape comparisons arrive at similar results compared with sc-UniFrac. (A) Hierarchical clustering by cellAlign distance calculated using unbranched trajectories created from scRNA-seq data generated from E14.5 pancreatic islet and adult colonic mucosa (indicated by tissue labelgreyscale bar), with technical and biological replicates (indicated by mouse label-red bar) (S4 Data). Heat represents cellAlign distance between two samples. Example dissimilarity matrices resulting from alignments of unbranched stem cell to colonocyte trajectories using the cellAlign algorithm according to [20] for (B) technical replicates and (C) biological replicates. Normalized alignment-based distances appear below each matrix. (D) Representative p-Creode trajectories depicting the colonic epithelial differentiation continuum of 2 technical and 2 biological replicates. Outlined lineages were identified with canonical markers. Muc2 expression overlay. (E) Hierarchical clustering by p-Creode scoring of trajectories generated from scRNA-seq data of technical (green) and biological (red, cyan) replicates. N = 100 resampled p-Creode runs for each dataset were performed and then analyzed together in a single clustering analysis. Heat represents the pCreode score between two trajectories. Data from GSE102698, GSE114044, GSE117616; https://github.com/KenLauLab/pCreode_Comparison_Across_Datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sc-unifrac-identifies-unique-cellular-infiltrates-1rbqpn0r.png Fig 6. sc-UniFrac identifies unique cellular infiltrates within colonic tumor compared with normal colon. (A) t-SNE plot of multiple replicates of single-cell data from the pancreas, colonic tumor, adjacent normal colon, and normal colon analyzed together. Random sampling of 400 cells from each group. Populations delineated by marker genes. (B) Branching structure of tumor and adjacent normal landscapes scored by sc-UniFrac (k = 10). (C, D) Individual cells (columns) from subpopulations 1 (C) and 10 (D) of panel B being matched to cell types (rows) referenced from the Mouse Cell Atlas. Analysis similar to Fig 5. Data from GSE117615. t-SNE, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computational-time-of-sc-unifrac-on-two-datasets-n1owiggu.png Table 1. Computational time of sc-UniFrac on two datasets composed of 25,507 genes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sc-unifrac-statistically-determines-dissimilarities-1x5p0a0a.png Fig 3. sc-UniFrac statistically determines dissimilarities between single-cell data landscapes. t-SNE plots of (A) technical and (B) biological replicates of scRNAseq data generated from the adult murine colonic mucosa. Replicates were combined for t-SNE analyses and labeled with different colors. Outlined populations were identified with canonical markers. (C) t-SNE plot depicting E14.5 pancreatic islet and adult colonic mucosa scRNA-seq data in different mice, showing segregation by organ type. (D) Hierarchical clustering by sc-UniFrac of scRNA-seq landscapes generated from E14.5 pancreatic islet and adult colonic mucosa (indicated by tissue label), with technical and biological replicates (indicated by mouse label), as well as colonic tumor and adjacent normal isolated from an induced Lrig1CreERT2/+;Apcfl/+ mouse. Heat represents sc-UniFrac distance between two samples. (E) Hierarchical clustering by sc-UniFrac of single-cell landscapes of technical and biological replicates of the colonic mucosa while varying parameter k. (F) Discriminate analysis of sc-UniFrac on biological and technical replicates. Discriminative ability, as defined by the smallest distance between biological replicates minus the largest distance between technical replicates, plotted against k. Data from GSE102698, GSE114044, GSE117615, GSE117616. scRNA-seq, single-cell RNA-sequencing; t-SNE, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sc-unifrac-can-benchmark-batch-effect-removal-sk8wnqp2.png Fig 8. sc-UniFrac can benchmark batch effect removal approaches. (A) sc-UniFrac distance calculated comparing uncorrected and batch-corrected scRNA-seq datasets of HEK293 cells fresh, frozen at −80 ˚C, or liquid nitrogen flash frozen performed in two different batches (GSE85534) [35]. ComBat, limma, and MNN were used for batch correction. (B) sc-UniFrac distance calculated similar to panel A for technical replicates of the mouse colonic epithelium scRNA-seq data (GSE102698). (C) Hierarchical clustering by sc-UniFrac of uncorrected or batch-corrected scRNA-seq data depicting murine gastrulation from two different studies [36,37]. A gradation of similarity, and hence clustering, was expected over developmental times from the earliest development stage (E5.5) to the latest stage (E7.5). Data from GSE100597; http://gastrulation.stemcells.cam.ac.uk/scialdone2016. E, embryonic day; Fre, fresh; Fro, frozen at −80 ˚C; HEK293, human https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cells-that-drive-sc-unifrac-can-be-intuitively-2ikrh1d8.png Fig 5. Cells that drive sc-UniFrac can be intuitively identified. (A, B) Branching structure of two single-cell landscapes being scored by sc-UniFrac (k = 10), with black representing statistically shared branches and blue and red representing statistically unshared branches from each of the colored samples. Thickness of branch is proportional to effect size. Comparing between (A) technical replicates and (B) different tissues. (C) Individual cells (columns) from group 10 of panel B being matched to cell types (rows) referenced from the Mouse Cell Atlas. Heat represents the correlation of gene expression between the cell and the reference using all genes. Data from GSE102698, GSE114044, GSE117616. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-chromatographic-determination-of-dissolved-55bxft976y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-solubility-of-elemental-s-in-pure-solvents-and-in-62xzbvu2.png Table 3, Solubility of elemental S in pure solvents and in corresponding electrolytes with different LiTFSi concentrations obtained through HPLC/UV method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-in-two-c8-columns-the-elemental-sulfur-had-the-3ibx3r4w.png Figure 1. In two C8 columns, the elemental sulfur had the retention time of 4.2 min (for Zorbax 300SB) and 4.8 min (for Xterra MS). DME was eluted very close to the elemental S in both C8 columns forming a shoulder peak superimposed on the chromatographic peak of elemental sulfur. In the two C18 columns, however, the elemental sulfur not only had longer retention times (11.1 min for Luna and 12.9 min for Symmetry C18), but also had a baseline separation from DME solvent. Luna C18 column was used for the quantitative analysis of S in this study. The peaks observed at the elution time of 3-6 min were proven not to be related to polysulfide ions by an separate HPLC/(-)ESI-MS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-concentration-of-elemental-elemental-sulfur-in-pure-2jezhf42.png Table 6, Concentration of elemental elemental sulfur in pure DME saturated with elemental sulfur, in 1M LiTFSi/DME saturated with elemental sulfur, and in electrolyte from discharged Li-S battery. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-chromatogram-of-electrolyte-from-discharged-li-20u14781.png Figure 4, The chromatogram of electrolyte from discharged Li-S battery and the discharged profile of LiS battery. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-calibration-curve-and-chromatograms-of-1bbalo5c.png Figure 2, The calibration curve and chromatograms of different elemental sulfur standards. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-chromatograms-of-different-simulated-364fj1y0.png Figure 3, The chromatograms of different simulated electrolytes and blank S/DME solution. The inset shows the change of S concentration with the amount of Na2S added. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-solubility-of-elemental-s-in-selected-1l234hs6.png Table 2, Comparison of solubility of elemental S in selected solvents measured with HPLC/UV method and from reference. The reference data were recalculated in molar unit from reference 12. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-list-of-the-s-saturated-solutions-3iqw68kp.png Table 1 The list of the S saturated solutions https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-calculation-of-gas-chromatographic-peaks-43upv9tral 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-quantities-of-aldrin-hepta-chlor-1u0rkqaf.png Table 1. Comparison of quantities of aldrin, hepta.chlor epoxide, and dieldrin found by 5 methods of calculation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-chlordane-ppm-in-samples-by-integrator-and-peak-1rxs4l62.png Table 4. Chlordane, ppm, in samples by integrator and peak height methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-3b-calculation-of-added-toxaphene-by-the-disc-zntis7ei.png Table 3b. Calculation of added toxaphene by the disc integration of total curve and last 4 peaks https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-detector-response-and-retention-ratios-for-the-1vgokm2k.png Table 5. Detector response and retention ratios for the individual isomers of benzene hexachloride https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5a-baseline-construction-for-multiple-residues-standard-1ao8xbys.png Fig. 5a-Baseline construction for multiple residues: standard toxaphene. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-compositional-mapping-of-core-shell-polymer-lqaiii8v5i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spectra-on-quantitative-mass-thickness-scales-of-2tsy1hb1.png Figure 2. Spectra on quantitative mass thickness scales of the pure embedding resin (Spurr’s epoxy), poly(EDMA), and poly(DVB55). The unstructured solid line is the mass absorption coefficient for the indicated compositions, determined by a stoichiometric sum of the atomic mass absorption coefficients.39 These spectra are the references used to generate composition maps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-maps-of-the-epoxy-dvb55-and-edma-components-derived-1z467r1r.png Figure 5. Maps of the epoxy, DVB55, and EDMA components derived by regression analysis of a 200-image sequence recorded from a microsphere with 100% (v/v) EDMA shell composition. The gray scales indicate apparent thickness in nanometers (this is thickness times density). The plot is the apparent thickness along the indicated line of each component. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-a-bright-field-electron-micrograph-of-3uu9m521.png Figure 1. (a) A bright field electron micrograph of microspheres composed of a core of pure poly(DVB55) and a shell of poly(DVB55-co-EDMA with 70% (v/v) DVB55. The microspheres were embedded in Spurr’s epoxy and microtomed. (b) STXM images at 285.1, 288.3, 288.5, and 305.1 eV of the microspheres containing 70% (v/v) EDMA and 30% (v/v) DVB55 in the shell and 100% DVB55 in the core. Although the epoxy is spectrally similar to EDMA, a 0.2 eV energy change near the strong π*CdO peak readily distinguishes shell and epoxy. The small 285 eV signal in the EDMA spectrum, although unexpected from the structure, was found in all measurements and may be from an impurity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dvb-in-the-shell-relative-to-the-core-signal-signal-34lcye5d.png Figure 4. % DVB in the shell relative to the core (signal/ signal), derived from the DVB composition maps, compared to the % (v/v) DVB used in the synthetic formulation. The inset shows the instantaneous copolymer composition expected for copolymerizations of the related styrene and MMA over the same range of compositions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dvb55-and-edma-composition-maps-for-10-90-v-v-edma-26sf7qog.png Figure 3. DVB55 and EDMA composition maps for 10-90% (v/v) EDMA shell composition, derived from singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis of images at 285.1, 288.4, and 305.1 eV. In each case, the core of the particle is synthesized from 100% DVB55. The shell is synthesized using different ratios of DVB55 and EDMA, ranging from 10% to 90% EDMA, as indicated by the numbers. This compositional variation is the origin of the changing contrast in the DVB55 and EDMA component maps. The gray scales for the component maps are in units of nm g cm-3 and thus indicate apparent thickness, assuming unit density. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-determination-of-tritium-in-metals-and-oxides-4d2ah3r0dt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fused-silica-furnace-tube-10rqmrm2.png Fig. 2. Fused silica furnace tube. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sample-dropper-18dfh6fz.png Fig. 3. Sample dropper. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-contrast-enhanced-ultrasound-for-monitoring-4z1oies76c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-b-same-patient-with-cd-seen-in-fig-2-ceus-at-1kg6txxn.png Fig. 3. (a, b) Same patient with CD seen in Fig. 2: CEUS at baseline and 14 weeks later showing a decrease in peak enhancement (PE) from 181.257 to 42.975 a.u. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-b-patient-with-cd-with-improvement-of-clinical-hbi-2yt54e4q.png Fig. 2. (a, b) Patient with CD with improvement of clinical (HBI decreased from 18 to 6 points) and endoscopic activity during treatment: b-mode ultrasound with decrease of bowel wall thickness from 4.4 to 3.5 mm, but persistend color doppler flow. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-percent-change-in-ceus-parameters-between-baseline-2u1hyy9h.png Table 4. Percent change (%) in CEUS parameters between baseline evaluation and after 14 weeks of therapy: responders (group 1) and non-responders (group 2) with Crohn’s disease (CD) und ulcerative colitis (UC). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-decrease-of-ceus-pe-in-responders-and-minor-changes-in-3gx4h9hh.png Fig. 4. Decrease of CEUS PE in responders and minor changes in non-responders at baseline and week 14 in patients with (a) CD and (b) UC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-chart-of-screened-patients-with-ibd-and-final-1ed2wouv.png Fig. 1. Flow chart of screened patients with IBD and final study cohort with Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-amplitude-and-time-derived-parameters-of-3mltv7qz.png Table 1. Overview of amplitude- and time-derived parameters of CEUS quantification. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-patient-characteristics-of-seven-patients-with-2egu19tf.png Table 2. Patient characteristics of seven patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 11 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-evolution-of-bowel-wall-thickness-and-semi-4gfd3w62.png Table 3. Evolution of bowel wall thickness and semi-quantitative color Doppler vascularization in Crohn’s disease (CD) und ulcerative colitis (UC), mean and standard deviation. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-determination-of-trichothecenes-in-breadsticks-4xyu1xqt0v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gc-ms-ms-parameters-for-mycotoxin-determination-14xir2ng.png Table 1. GC-MS/MS parameters for mycotoxin determination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-colour-online-incidence-of-mycotoxins-contamination-23vw5rgy.png Figure 2. (colour online) Incidence of mycotoxins contamination (%) in breadstick samples analysed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-characteristics-of-the-proposed-method-112ln1ml.png Table 3. Performance characteristics of the proposed method in breadsticks. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-estimation-of-sampling-uncertainties-for-2e71q33fbx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-illustration-of-the-difficulty-of-matching-2f14d8kg.png Figure 12. Illustration of the difficulty of matching sampling scheme to distributional heterogeneity of slugs with a 2 ppb lot. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-edge-illumination-x-ray-phase-contrast-2r5k5v52n2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-transverse-slice-through-the-reconstructed-volume-rd5cf8j0.png Figure 3. A transverse slice through the reconstructed volume of a custom-built wire phantom (see text for a list of the wire’s materials and diameters) showing a mixed attenuation and differential phase contrast (a), the same slice showing the linear combination of separately reconstructed attenuation and differential phase contrast (b) and profiles across the nylon 6 (c) and titanium (d) wires extracted from both maps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-single-slit-implementation-of-edge-illumination-x-eb1m4dkq.png Figure 1. “Single slit” implementation of edge illumination x-ray phase contrast imaging, schematically showing opposing edge illumination conditions [(a) and (b)]. Rotation of the sample enables tomographic imaging. The https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-retrieved-d-a-and-kb-b-values-for-the-wires-in-the-1q552cdi.png Figure 4. Retrieved δ (a) and kβ (b) values for the wires in the phantom (see text for a list of materials and diameters), extracted from data acquired during the synchrotron (green triangles) and lab-based (orange circles) experiments. The plots also contain the nominal δ and kβ values of the wires’ materials at 20 keV, calculated according to reference [31]. A ±5 % uncertainty on the nominal values was assumed. Panels (c) and (d) show the δ and kβ maps respectively of the wires reconstructed from the data acquired during the laboratory experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-multi-slit-implementation-of-edge-illumination-x-hw3j3v5v.png Figure 2. “Multi slit” implementation of edge illumination x-ray phase contrast imaging, schematically showing opposite edge illumination conditions [(a) and (b)]. The schematic extends into the plane of the drawing and is not to scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tomographic-d-a-and-kb-b-maps-showing-a-transverse-3urkea2t.png Figure 5. Tomographic δ (a) and kβ (b) maps showing a transverse cross-section through the abdomen of a dung beetle, and a volume rendering of the full δ map (c) as well as a zoom around the beetle’s leg (d). https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-evaluation-of-overlaying-discrepancies-in-14o4gopt79 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-analysis-of-results-for-p101-for-three-different-3opr2zhe.png Table 1. Analysis of results for P101 for three different scenes. 696 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-precision-test-using-a-gps-handheld-device-with-2-cm-3i8pyh4d.png Fig. 4. Precision test using a GPS handheld device with 2 cm + 1ppm HRMS. 368 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-synthesis-of-factors-in-the-ar-application-704-705-2p2l0yqa.png Table 2. Synthesis of factors in the AR application 704 705 For the case of geo-location, it is possible to obtain accurate results in coordinates X and Y 706 that do not affect the general precision of the system when the application is not used for very 707 short distances. This was stated by moving the external GPS collector up to 5 cm and checking 708 that the overlaying was exactly the same. However, a precision of 5 cm in horizontal and 10 709 cm in vertical could be not accurate enough for applying AR technologies in short distances or 710 for identifying small elements on site. Moreover, it has been clearly proved that, in terms of 711 geo-location, vertical accuracy is always the most disruptive input. 712 One of the main limitations of this study is the problem with the inaccuracy of the orientation, 713 although it can be corrected under certain circumstances. The drift effect of the gyroscope 714 can be completely eliminated by means of the DVT function when using a tripod in a static 715 orientation and position. However, when holding the mobile device in the hands, it is not as 716 efficient as the Kalman Filter or the Complementary Filter (because some users’ shakings over 717 the vibration threshold are filtered as movements rather than as jerking). The other limitation 718 was due to the inaccuracy of the magnetometer, which does not let automatically orientate 719 the scene in horizontal with enough precision. This issue is solved by using pre-existing real 720 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-standard-deviations-of-measurements-of-coordinates-x-y-b6lwtuo4.png Fig. 5. Standard deviations of measurements of coordinates X, Y and Z in the survey points. 371 https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-evaluation-of-ontology-design-patterns-for-132civ6xcg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-strains-used-in-our-analysis-2j4x3zou.png Table 1. Overview of the strains used in our analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-oquare-measures-tangledness-tmonto-represents-the-1b7qlfg1.png Table 2. OQuaRE measures: tangledness (TMOnto) represents the mean number of classes with more than one directed parent, the weighted method count (WMCOnto) is the average depth of leaf classes, and DITOnto is the depth of the subsumption hierarchy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-oquare-measures-comparison-of-the-inferred-axioms-1jwlmd3i.png Table 3. OQuaRE measures: comparison of the inferred axioms using the HermiT reasoner. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-roc-curves-for-identifying-mice-from-the-same-2nancfs3.png Figure 1. ROC curves for identifying mice from the same strain based on phenotypic similarity, and separated by the six groups of mice used in our analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-area-under-the-roc-curve-2a04dibd.png Table 5. Area under the ROC curve. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-exploration-of-size-variation-and-the-extent-of-3kj9px5ag0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-comparison-of-dimensions-mm-for-complete-and-broken-3jhh3mgj.png Table 7 Comparison of dimensions (mm) for complete and broken scrapers from Henry Lawson Drive. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-comparison-of-dimensions-mm-for-complete-scrapers-2afynz8k.png Table 9 Comparison of dimensions (mm) for complete scrapers from Henry Lawson Drive and Capertee 3 (data from Hiscock and Attenbrow 2002, 2003) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stratigraphic-descriptions-for-henry-lawson-drive-it7t31do.png Table 1 Stratigraphic descriptions for Henry Lawson Drive rockshelter (drawn from White and Wieneke n.d.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plan-of-henry-lawson-drive-rockshelter-nsw-3en8smwy.png Figure 1 Plan of Henry Lawson Drive rockshelter, NSW. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-correlation-coefficients-for-characteristics-of-2p4qp5fr.png Table 10 Correlation coefficients for characteristics of complete backed artefacts at Henry Lawson Drive (coefficients significant at p=0.05 designated by bold typeface) https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-descriptive-statistics-dimensions-in-mm-for-nvkd155b.png Table 11 Descriptive statistics (dimensions in mm) for complete backed artefacts from Henry Lawson Drive (N = 34) https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-comparison-of-dimensions-mm-for-complete-and-broken-20wfzw51.png Table 12 Comparison of dimensions (mm) for complete and broken backed artefacts from Henry Lawson Drive https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-abundance-of-each-artefact-category-from-henry-1zjgbgip.png Table 2 Abundance of each artefact category from Henry Lawson Drive discussed in this paper. * = because of the definitional ambiguity of broken cores, no count was made of this category. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-evaluation-of-state-preserving-leakage-cns9m29g80 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-evaluated-models-16yd1jf6.png Table 3: Evaluated Models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-leakage-reduction-in-ec-nac-1a2az1i5.png Figure 4: Leakage Reduction in EC-NAC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-performance-overhead-in-ec-s-ec-ls-3drs8rti.png Figure 5: Performance Overhead in EC-S, EC-LS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-leakage-reduction-in-ec-ls-10-8wkh2qd8.png Figure 3: Leakage Reduction in EC-LS -10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-leakage-energy-and-performance-average-of-all-329nipoh.png Figure 2: Leakage Energy and Performance (Average of all benchmarks) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-complexity-1y9jiavj.png Table 4: Complexity https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mode-transition-algorithm-to-the-sleep-mode-1i9pquwp.png Table 1: Mode transition Algorithm to the Sleep Mode https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mode-transition-examples-1i7072vd.png Figure 1: Mode Transition Examples https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-evaluation-of-the-neuroprotective-effects-of-a-27bp6xtnir 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-onset-time-from-initiation-of-ischemia-to-sudden-34yksl16.png Figure 1. Onset time: from initiation of ischemia to sudden negative shift of DC potentials. Duration of ischemic depolarization: from sudden negative shift of DC potentials to 80% recovery from maximal DC deflection. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variables-of-dc-potential-and-neuronal-damage-1dljrmjx.png Table 2. Variables of DC potential and neuronal damage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationships-between-duration-of-ischemic-3hlhenkt.png Figure 3. Relationships between duration of ischemic depolarization and percentages of damaged neurons. Percentages of damaged neurons in the control group are shown by circles and those in the esmolol group are shown by triangles. Logistic regression curves show close relationships between ischemic duration and neuronal damage (control group, line A: r2 = 0.66, P < 0.001; esmolol group, line B: r2 = 0.79, P < 0.001). The 95% confidence intervals (shaded areas) did not overlap from 2.95 to 7.66 min of duration of ischemic depolarization (*). Durations of ischemic depolarization necessary for causing 50% neuronal damage in the control group and esmolol group were 4.97 min and 6.34 min, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physiological-values-2c5b06a7.png Table 1. Physiological values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relationships-between-ischemic-duration-and-3mt6hn1n.png Figure 2. Relationships between ischemic duration and percentage of damaged neurons in all experimental animals. Circles, percentage of damaged neurons in the control group; triangles, those in the esmolol group. Logistic regression curves show close relationships between ischemic duration and neuronal damage (control group, line A: r2 = 0.86, P < 0.001; esmolol group, line B: r2 = 0.80, P < 0.001). The 95% confidence intervals (shaded areas) did not overlap from 3.77 to 7.74 min of ischemic duration (*). Ischemic durations necessary for causing 50% neuronal damage in the control group and esmolol group were 4.26 min and 4.91 min, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-experiments-on-supersaturated-solutions-for-the-3refsafguh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-for-different-thermostat-temperatures-t-listed-are-mjkmn1gv.png Table 1. For different thermostat temperatures, t, listed are the SAT masses, mD, which saturate 20 cm3 of water. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-after-dissolving-the-mass-m-of-sat-into-20-g-of-29w2ca0n.png Table 3. After dissolving the mass m of SAT into 20 g of water and gently heating, solutions were filtered and slowly cooled down to room temperature ti. A disturbance induces salt to crystallize and the final temperature, tf , was measured. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graphic-of-a-given-by-equation-7-versus-ti-tf-the-34qsdzdh.png Figure 2. Graphic of A, given by equation (7) versus ti − tf . The values mD(tf) can be obtained using equation (3) and tf given in table 3. The least-squares fit gives A = 1.85(ti − tf) + 111.8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stalagmite-of-solid-sat-when-a-supersaturated-sat-2mt6xil9.png Figure 1. Stalagmite of solid SAT when a supersaturated SAT solution is poured over a seed crystal. As the stalagmite grows, the temperature increases. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-field-constraints-on-the-dynamics-of-silicic-4bs2nti3fs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-13-comparison-of-the-longest-wavelengths-with-11cd8vjb.png Figure 2.13: Comparison of the longest wavelengths with predictions from equation (2.2) for three values of the effective viscosity ratio µb/µs: 10−1 (green), 100 (black) and 104 (red). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-2-diapir-a-and-pipe-b-experimental-regimes-17ko8yc0.png Figure C.2: Diapir (a) and pipe (b) experimental régimes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-values-of-parameters-used-16n8rysf.png Table 2.1: Values of parameters used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-5-mode-of-heat-transfer-from-the-mafic-sheet-to-the-1vqow80p.png Figure 2.5: Mode of heat transfer from the mafic sheet to the silicic mush, as function of the heat flux qb and mafic layer thickness hb. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-10-microstructure-of-irregular-granodiorite-2vfi1xsz.png Figure 2.10: Microstructure of irregular granodiorite upwellings. a. Dichotomy in grain size away from the mafic-silicic interface, viewed under crossed polarisers (lc denotes zones with large average crystal sizes, sc denotes zones with smaller average crystal sizes). b. Crystal alignment in the granodiorite, viewed under plane polarised light. The orientation of crystal alignment is shown in white dotted lines. c. Coarser band of crystals immediately below the mafic-silicic interface. The interface is indicated at the top of the view, the coarse band of crystals is delimited by the two white lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-8-classes-of-upwelling-silicic-structures-a-fl8iuyqt.png Figure 2.8: Classes of upwelling silicic structures: a. Irregular granodiorite upwellings; b. Irregular pegmatite upwellings; c. Pegmatite pipes (gravity directed into the page); d. Elongate pegmatite upwelling with no 3-D exposure. Where shown, the dashed white line follows the mafic-silicic interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-14-comparison-of-the-shortest-wavelengths-lslo4363.png Figure 2.14: Comparison of the shortest wavelengths calculated from spectral analysis with predictions from equation (2.4) for three values of the effective viscosity ratio µb/µm: 10−1 (green), 100 (black) and 104 (red). A fit to the data gives a scaling constant C1=5x10−4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-schematic-representation-of-the-parameters-and-3mxy9xn9.png Figure 2.3: Schematic representation of the parameters and geometries associated with each deformation process: a. Buoyant overturn of the silicic layer; b. Buoyancy effects driven by melting; c. Buoyancy effects driven by compaction. d. Sum of the three characteristic wavelengths that may give rise to the complex deformation observed in the field. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-high-speed-stability-assessment-of-a-sports-i4xm4iuf8m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-instrumentation-setup-39nyq9vc.png Table 1: Instrumentation setup. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-confusion-matrix-for-the-example-in-figure-8-with-27uy8d9j.png Table 2: Confusion matrix for the example in Figure 8, with one true positive (TP), no false negatives (FN) and two false positives (FP). The true negative (TN) is not applicable in this method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-example-of-a-data-recording-including-one-1vfbcln4.png Figure 8: Example of a data recording including one subjective trigger event (red). The filter predicts three events of stability issues (blue), whereas the first two occur within the region of instability and were counted as one true positive (TP). The last predicted event was longer than 4 s and was thus counted as two false positives (FP). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-frequency-of-triggers-in-intervals-on-the-139mtjov.png Table 3: The frequency of triggers in intervals on the crosswind change corresponding to levels on the Beaufort scale, compared to the complete data set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-moving-filter-predicting-event-triggers-based-193ttrso.png Figure 7: The moving filter, predicting event triggers based on the signal amplitude within the sliding window. The thick blue line indicates that the amplitude limit parameter of the filter was exceeded and that the change happened within the time duration limit parameter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-the-distribution-of-the-change-in-pitch-velocity-3dm6r55i.png Figure 21: The distribution of the change in pitch velocity, for the trigger data and the complete data set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-the-distribution-of-the-change-in-yaw-velocity-for-3fyifa9p.png Figure 19: The distribution of the change in yaw velocity, for the trigger data and the complete data set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-the-distribution-of-the-change-in-roll-velocity-2jcb6ks4.png Figure 20: The distribution of the change in roll velocity, for the trigger data and the complete data set. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-laboratory-measurements-of-biogeochemical-15ticcnxke 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-growth-curves-for-emiliania-huxleyi-bubbled-at-33oy0e8h.png Figure 1: Growth curves for Emiliania huxleyi bubbled at various pCO2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-coverage-of-mrna-sequences-by-reads-from-2or2ppns.png Figure 3: Average coverage of mRNA sequences by reads from 100ppm (y axis) and 750ppm (x axis) samples. Each point corresponds to a single mRNA sequence from database. The Linear Regression line is shown in magenta. The red lines correspond to upper and lower limit of the three (3) standard deviations Confidence Band (under Gaussian assumptions underlying regression model this should include 99.7% of observations). Shown in green are the scaffolds exhibiting statistically significant differences in average coverage between samples. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-law-describing-market-dynamics-before-and-after-zwspu57vcd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-the-cumulative-volatility-time-series-n-t-33g8cnbu.png FIG. 4. Color online The cumulative volatility time series N t demonstrates Omori-law response dynamics; here in response to FOMC announcements occurring at the time T indicated by a vertical solid red line. The abrupt change in the curvature of N t around time t T illustrates the increased volatility caused by the announcement. The significant aftershocks which occur until the end of the trading day are consistent with market under-reaction 11,12 . Market under-reaction and other market inefficiencies can result from increased levels of uncertainty among traders following market news 13 . Each time series N t is calculated for a given volatility threshold q, where larger q values correspond to N t curves with smaller amplitude smaller rate of large volatility events . a – c illustrate the dynamics around a scheduled announcement made at T=285 min 2:15 p.m. ET . For the S&P 100, we calculate N t on 05/15/01 for a 1 min volatility and b 1 min total volume using Eq. 8 . c We calculate Nj t for MER on 08/21/01. d The Omori law also occurs for unscheduled FOMC announcements, as illustrated for the bank sector N t on 04/18/01, when the surprise rate change was announced at T=90 min 11:00 a.m. ET , resulting in raised levels of volatility throughout the entire trading day. For a – d , the dashed red lines are power-law fits beginning immediately after the announcement, with the corresponding exponents a q appearing in parentheses within the legends. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-the-omori-law-relaxation-can-extend-for-3sywnb8n.png FIG. 5. Color online The Omori-law relaxation can extend for several days. We compare the Omori exponents a q indicated in legends calculated for a the time series Na of the bank sector and b the time series Na j of Merrill Lynch for 3 days 1275 min after the announcement on Tuesday 08/21/01 at 2:15 p.m. =0 min corresponding to T=285 min . For the remaining 3 days of the trading week, the Omori-law relaxation corresponding to an individual stock MER is quantitatively similar to the Omori-law relaxation of the bank sector over the final 105 min of the initial trading day. We do not use the bank sector Na over the same 1275 min time period for comparison because “opening effects” occurring during the first 60 min of each trading day make powerlaw regression of conjoined Na problematic. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-an-illustration-of-the-method-used-to-2n8ee7dn.png FIG. 6. Color online An illustration of the method used to calculate a Nb,i =Ni Ti −Ni t−Ti and b Na,i =Ni t−Ti −Ni Ti for each intraday time series Ni t . The displaced time = t−Ti is defined symmetrically around the time of the announcement Ti. We plot the same data as in Fig. 4 a , corresponding to the announcement on 05/15/01 which occurred at T=285 min. c and d show that Nb,i and Na,i are approximately linear on logarithmic scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-an-illustration-of-the-close-relation-3khbl4b1.png FIG. 1. Color online An illustration of the close relation between the Treasury Bill and the Federal Funds rate. a Time series of the Federal Reserve Target rate R t and the Federal Reserve Effective rate F t for Federal Funds dating from January 2000 to April 2008. The 6 month Treasury Bill T t closely follows the effective rate, with speculation about future changes causing deviations in the relative values. United States Treasury Bills carry little risk and are considered to be one of the most secure investments. b A typical illustration of the Federal Funds effective rate and the Treasury Bill, where both gravitate around the Federal Funds target rate. The change in the relative spread t , defined in Eq. 1 , between the Treasury Bill and the Federal Funds effective rate, indicates changes in market speculation. c The relative spread t , 15 days before and 15 days after the scheduled FOMC meeting on December 14, 2004, which corresponds to t=0. Note that the average value of the relative spread increases after the announcement, indicating a shift in market consensus and speculation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-comparison-of-omori-law-exponents-for-3go9b11d.png FIG. 7. Color online Comparison of Omori-law exponents for both volatility dynamics and volume dynamics on the day of 19 FOMC meetings during the 2 year period of January 2001– December 2002. a – d correspond to the S&P 100 and e – h correspond to the bank sector. The average value of for the 16 scheduled FOMC meetings excluding the three unannounced meetings i= 1,4 ,8 are a ̄b=0.10 0.13, b ̄a=0.24 0.08, c ̄b=0.04 0.07, d ̄a=0.24 0.07, e ̄b=0.11 0.16, f ̄a =0.23 0.09, g ̄b=0.01 0.10, and h ̄a=0.26 0.08. The similarity in exponents for 1 min volatility and 1 min cumulative volume suggests a universal underlying mechanism. Solid symbols and refer to computed from N t . Open symbols and refer to computed from S individual Omori exponents j, with Sbank=18. Note the relatively low values of a and a for unscheduled FOMC announcements i=1 and 8, which indicates that volatility rate following the announcement increased throughout the day. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-average-daily-volatility-trend-defined-in-dwkfxl7h.png FIG. 2. Color online Average daily volatility trend defined in Eq. 4 exhibits increased market volatility on the day of FOMC meetings, corresponding to t=0. “Bank” refers to the portfolio of 18 stocks that belong to the S&P 100. There is a 15–20 % increase in volatility on days corresponding to FOMC meetings. Standard deviation (v t ) 0.4 can be assigned to each data point in the time series and is calculated by randomizing the daily volatility time series of each company. Inset Probability density function pdf of normalized volatility v r t / r , where the quantity r t https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-a-a-comparison-of-a-for-five-sectors-with-2aerrvyp.png FIG. 8. Color online a A comparison of a for five sectors with volatility threshold q=3 suggests a broad universal market response to FOMC news. The technology sector tends to have the largest average a, where large values correspond to faster relaxation. The horizontal straight line represents the mean ̄a =0.24 0.08, averaged over all stocks in the S&P 100 and all scheduled meetings excluding the unscheduled meetings i = 1,4 ,8 . b Probability density function P x of the variable x xa,i j = a,i j − a,i , which corresponds to individual a,i j values centered around the average exponent a,i of a given meeting i. We conclude from a Z test at the =0.0005 significance level that technology sector Omori exponents are larger on average, x Tech x SP100. Hence, since larger values correspond to shorter relaxation time, we find that the technology sector stocks respond more quickly to FOMC news, possibly as a result of relatively intense trading activity among these stocks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-demonstration-of-the-relation-between-2faopefk.png FIG. 3. Color online Demonstration of the relation between speculation of interest-rate change and market volatility in the S&P 100 and for the subset of banking stocks. We relate i, the speculation in the market before a FOMC meeting defined in Eq. 2 , to the market volatility Vi defined in Eq. 5 . A large absolute value of i reflects the high probability that an interest-rate change will happen. Interestingly, there are many instances where i 0, followed by large volatility. These values correspond to FOMC decisions to maintain interest-rate levels R=0 and suggest a fundamental difference in the dynamics following decisions to change versus decisions not change the Federal Funds target rate. Also, there is an underlying symmetry in R since in the case of either a rate increase or a rate decrease, the FOMC also has the option of no increase. Hence, R=0 can occur as either good or bad news, whereas typically decisions of R 0 reflect situations with positive market sentiment whereas decisions of R 0 reflect situations with negative market sentiment. Hence, the asymmetry in market volatility is consistent with the sign effect 12 . Although the correlation between i and Vi is dominated by residual error, it is nevertheless supporting that the regression captures the crossover at ,V = 0,1 . Including all data points, the regression correlation coefficient is r2=0.34, and the slope of the regression is m =0.36 0.13 for a , and r2=0.30 and m=0.54 0.22 for b . Restricting data points corresponding only to interest-rate changes red and green triangles : r2=0.48 and m=0.37 0.12 for a , and r2 =0.40 and m=0.53 0.21 for b this second regression is not shown and is indistinguishable from the regression including all data points . All linear regressions pass the ANOVA Analysis of variance F test, rejecting the null hypothesis that m=0 at the =0.05 significance level. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-mass-spectrometry-imaging-reveals-mutation-om5h1shekf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-liver-metastases-of-gist-display-limited-imatinib-3in47mc0.png Figure 4. Liver metastases of GIST display limited imatinib content independent of mutation status. (a) MALDI-TOF-qMSI-Quantified imatinib in GIST samples cohort comparing “Tumor” (red) and corresponding “Normal” (blue) tissues. (LOD = 0.73 pmol/section; LOQ = 1.82 pmol/section.) (b) Three sample A replicates containing both “normal” and “tumor” tissue based on histopathological re-examination (left column) illustrating imatinib’s absence from metastatic GIST (central column; red pixels) in addition to the heme signal detection maps (right column; green pixels: signal present; red pixels: signal absent). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-imatinib-distribution-in-all-tumor-t-and-normal-n-1y84j1tm.png Figure 3. Imatinib distribution in all tumor (T) and normal (N) non-tumor samples from GIST patients (not to scale). Green and red pixels indicate imatinib signal presence (S/N ≥ 3) and absence, respectively. Three cryosections were prepared per tissue sample/patient, and samples are coded by single or double letters. Tissues identified as stomach, colon or intestine are primary tumors. All others were metastases. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-proteomics-reveals-the-mechanism-and-2zy8czlc3d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-peptidases-undergoing-a-significant-p-b-0-05-change-1uo3i4u8.png Table 4 Peptidases undergoing a significant (p b 0.05) change in abundance in A. niger CBS 513.88 following exposure to gliotoxin (2.5 μg/ml), relative tomethanol solvent control. Data sorted by fold change, in descending order. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-gt-2-5-mg-ml-added-to-a-niger-cbs-513-88-cultures-is-1c01563t.png Fig. 4. (A) GT (2.5 μg/ml) added to A. niger CBS 513.88 cultures is converted to BmGT over 4 h. (B) A. niger protein lysates obtained only from GT-induced cultures can effect GT thiomethylation. (C) A. nigerprotein lysates obtained fromun-induced cultures are unable to thiomethylate GT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-carbohydrate-active-enzymes-cazy-undergoing-a-2ghzzlm5.png Table 3 Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZy) undergoing a significant (p b 0.05) change in abundance in A. niger CBS 513.88 following exposure to gliotoxin (2.5 μg/ml), relative to methanol solvent control. Data sorted by fold change, in descending order. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-expression-and-activity-analysis-of-recombinant-mt-ii-1junbmfk.png Fig. 5. Expression and activity analysis of recombinant MT-II. (A) SDS-PAGE analysis of recombinant MT-II-GST (59.8 kDa). (B)MT-II-GST mediates the progressive thiomethylation of GT through the formation first of MmGT and then BmGT. (C) The affect of MT-II concentration on the ability to thiomethylate GT. (D) SAH inhibits MT-II catalysed BmGT formation in a concentration dependent fashion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-gt-exposure-induces-significant-changes-in-protein-4ail1z1c.png Fig. 1.GT exposure induces significant changes in protein abundance inA. niger. Functional classification into FunCat 1st level categories of significantly (A) protein familieswith increased abundance in A. niger CBS 513.88 exposed to GT compared to theMeOH control and (B) protein families with decreased abundance in A. niger CBS 513.88 exposed to GT compared to the MeOH control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-increased-sensitivity-of-dmt-ii-strain-to-exogenous-gt-xxstfz5t.png Fig. 6. Increased sensitivity of ΔMT-II strain to exogenous GT exposure. (A) A comparative depiction of the MT-II WT and MT-II deletion loci in Aspergillus niger N593 strain. OFM70/71 amplifies MT-II open reading frame (ORF), OFM65/46 only amplifies in-locus deletion cassette. Grey shades indicate the border of deletion cassette used for gene replacement/ transformation. OFM65 binds 310 bp upstream of hygromycin (hph) cassette 5′ border. (B) Gel electrophoresis confirmation of MT-II deletion by diagnostic PCR. Δ1 Δ2 represent two independentMT-II knock-out strains. Only Δ1 was used for further experiments.MT-II ORF (1127 bp) is amplified fromWT and missing in Δ1 Δ2. OFM65/46 amplifies in-locus deletion cassette (2712 bp). 50 ng genomic DNAwas used as template for PCR reactions. (C) In vivo bis-thiomethylation does not occur inΔMT-II compared to wild-type. (D) Graphical representation of phenotypic analysis shown in Fig. 6E. (E) Phenotypic assay reveals that ΔMT-II is highly sensitive to GT compared to wild type. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-abundance-changes-of-proteins-involved-in-the-3ghcifqy.png Table 1 Abundance changes of proteins involved in the cysteine and methionine metabolism in A. nige https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-gt-exposure-increases-abundance-of-proteins-involved-2a5wf30o.png Fig. 2.GT exposure increases abundance of proteins involved in themethionine cycle. Enzymes in black are increased in abundance after GT addition (3 h) inA. nigerCBS 513.88. Activity of MT-II, an ortholog of A. fumigatus GtmA, utilizes SAM to effect bis-thiomethylation of rGT to BmGT. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-power-loss-analysis-and-optimisation-in-nth-4mshar7glj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-a-system-switching-loss-plot-for-500v-dc-link-at-2hq7z6ms.png Fig. 12. (a) System switching loss plot for 500V DC link at 500kHz considering only conventional silicon devices. (b) Includes EPC's eGaN power devices. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-comparison-of-results-from-the-proposed-method-115q6d7m.png Table 1. A comparison of results from the proposed method alongside SPICE simulation results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-spice-model-used-in-validation-of-infineon-1eekwu0t.png Fig. 11. SPICE model used in validation of Infineon BSZ042N04NS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-circuit-diagram-of-an-nth-order-cascaded-hbridge-1y0bek86.png Fig. 1. A circuit diagram of an Nth-order cascaded Hbridge multilevel converter for grid-tie battery energy storage applications. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-a-number-of-mosfet-capacitance-curves-7qdw66br.png Fig. 2. Comparison of a number of MOSFET capacitance curves, showing how they vary with respect to the drainsource voltage, VDS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-minimum-losses-displayed-as-both-a-total-value-and-its-a0shb60g.png Fig. 8. Minimum losses displayed as both a total value and its component parts, with respect to increasing number of cascaded H-bridges at fs=10kHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-minimum-losses-displayed-as-both-a-total-value-and-its-2ltgq5c9.png Fig. 7. Minimum losses displayed as both a total value and its component parts, with respect to increasing number of cascaded H-bridges at fs=10kHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-typical-mosfet-gate-charge-voltage-curve-with-some-2avbe0o6.png Fig. 4. A typical MOSFET gate charge-voltage curve, with some key values annotated. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-surface-enhanced-raman-spectroscopy-of-single-2mg16zscfe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-show-histograms-of-representative-data-for-3-3idv1xvq.png Figure  9  show histograms  of  representative  data  for  3  samples  in  which the actual and predicted number of each of the bases can be  compared visually. Within each of these samples the prediction is https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-plots-of-actual-versus-predicted-pls-1-model-nfyf4vrl.png Figure  10  Plots  of  actual  versus  predicted  (PLS‐1  model)  sample  composition for (a) C, (b) A and (c) G across the entire sample set of  11 ODNs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reference-sers-spectra-of-the-4-main-dna-qdewa4ln.png Figure  1.  Reference  SERS  spectra  of  the  4  main  DNA  nucleotides,  (a)  polyadenosine, Poly A, (b) polythymidine, Poly T (c) polycytosine, Poly C and  (d) 2’‐OMe‐guanosine dinucleotide, G Dimer. These are compared with (e)  the SERS spectrum of a ss‐DNA sequence, CTT‐TTT‐CCT‐GCA‐TCC‐TGT‐CTG‐ GAA‐G. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-v-l-s-growth-model-and-experiments-of-fe-2s05xj4cde 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sinws-formed-under-different-growth-time-a-3-mins-b-1wgzxpri.png Figure 2. SiNWs formed under different growth time. (a) 3 mins; (b) 15 mins; (c) 25 mins, and (d) 40 mins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dependence-of-the-nanowire-length-on-the-growth-3jn00xmf.png Figure 4. Dependence of the nanowire length on the growth time and fit to the kinetic model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-tem-image-revealing-the-typical-morphology-of-the-1ef1hrgw.png Figure 1. (a) TEM image revealing the typical morphology of the SiNWs, (b) the corresponding electron diffraction pattern from this area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-diagram-of-v-l-s-growth-of-sinws-on-si-vg2rxjqf.png Figure 3. Schematic diagram of V-L-S growth of SiNWs on Si wafer, (a) a thin layer of Fe film with thickness of 700Å on Si(100) substrate; (b) formation of Fe-Si liquid droplet through the Fe alloying process with Si substrate at 1000°C; (c) the solution droplet becomes supersaturated with Si vapor, crystalline Si precipitates out from the droplet and pushes the droplet up; (d) the nanowires grows further due to the continuous pumping of Si atoms from the substrate by the liquid droplet. https://scispace.com/papers/quantized-vortices-in-mixed-3he-4he-drops-4r3qwq001l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-from-top-to-bottom-panel-vortex-energy-of-the-4he500-1-1h6fqj52.png FIG. 4. From top to bottom panel: Vortex energy of the 4He500 1 3HeN3 ; solvation energy of the dopant 1 vortex complex; solvation energy of Xe and HCN dopants; binding energy jdX j. The triangles represent results for Xe, the squares for HCN, and the circles in the top panel are the results for undoped droplets. The energies are in units of K, and the lines have been drawn to guide the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-same-as-in-fig-1-but-with-a-dopant-hcn-molecule-in-the-xri4vda6.png FIG. 3. Same as in Fig. 1 but with a dopant HCN molecule in the center of the droplet. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-density-profiles-of-4he-and-3he-in-the-radial-2szkwyuu.png FIG. 2. Density profiles of 4He and 3He in the radial direction, at z 0, for droplets with a vortex line along the z axis and with N4 500 and N3 0, 20, 50, and 100. The 3He density profiles appear in two disconnected parts separated by the corresponding 4He density profile. For N3 100, the dashed lines correspond to a cut at z 0 of the densities in Fig. 1. Lengths are in units of Å. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-density-distributions-of-3he-top-and-4he-bottom-in-the-1elqw92i.png FIG. 1. Density distributions of 3He (top) and 4He (bottom) in the xz plane for the 4He500 1 3He100 droplet hosting a vortex line along the z axis. Lengths are in units of Å. Darker regions are high density regions. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-associative-memory-with-distributed-queries-8qsnj3i29m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-general-correcting-form-of-associative-memory-gb8kbvak.png Table 3. The general (correcting) form of associative memory which uses distributed queries suggests that the database (phone book) includes a full set of numbers (8) but that some of them are not used, i.e. correspond to spurious memories. Collapse of the wave function into one of the basis states corresponding to such a spurious memory does not provide useful information. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-right-top-corner-histogram-of-query-amplitude-3dcyn1np.png Figure 1. Right top corner: histogram of query amplitude distribution. Left top corner: initial equally weighted state, describing unsorted data base. Histograms of the iterated state amplitudes, with their corresponding β values, are placed along the diagonal. For the third iteration the distribution (lower right https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-records-in-a-phone-book-are-ordered-by-names-9kxemh0j.png Table 1. The records in a phone book are ordered by names coded using five bits. Phone numbers (unordered) are coded using two bits. In the quantum analog of a phone book bits are replaced by qubits and the states of qubits corresponding to names and numbers are entangled. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-completing-associative-memory-can-use-a-database-zd427g5l.png Table 2. A completing associative memory can use a database (phone book) free from spurious memory (it contains only some of the possible numbers) and any query must represent an exact part of a phone number in the database, for example (*11), (01*) etc. Any query of a form similar to (10*) or (001) etc. will not cause any evolution of the quantum state describing a completing memory if transformation Um is used. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-automata-braid-group-and-link-polynomials-3v2laaso32 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-plat-presentation-of-the-borromean-link-24rjrdsa.png Figure 1: A plat presentation of the borromean link. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-combinatorial-realization-of-the-two-basis-sets-in-1kv9eqvp.png Figure 9: Combinatorial realization of the two basis sets in the case N = 4 as labelled binary trees. They are connected by a duality matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-portion-of-the-twist-rotation-graph-g3-v-e-where-nn2j7jvc.png Figure 4: A portion of the Twist–Rotation graph G3(V,E) where only 30 out of 60 vertices are shown (the picture can be completed by taking the mirror image of each tree at the antipodal vertex). The remaining 60 vertices are arranged into an isomorphic graph obtained by swapping one pair of labels, e.g. (a, b) → (b, a). Solid edges represent rotations and dashed edges represent twists. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-portion-of-the-q-braided-twist-rotation-graph-g3-3toids72.png Figure 5: A portion of the q–braided Twist Rotation graph (G3(V,E)×Z2)q: with respect to the unbraided situation, each twist has been splitted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-oriented-trefoil-knot-cut-by-an-horizontal-line-2dlcsate.png Figure 6: The oriented trefoil knot cut by an horizontal line. We associate with the ordered set of the intersection points (from left to right) the tensor product V ⊗ V ∗ ⊗ V ⊗ V ∗, where each factor is chosen in order to comply with the diagram orientation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-portion-of-an-oriented-3-manifold-with-one-3dddc0em.png Figure 8: A portion of an oriented 3–manifold with one incoming boundary and two outgoing boundaries. Lines belong to some knot (or link) embedded in the manifold and intersect the 2D boundaries in some points (punctures). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-labelled-binary-trees-on-n-1-4-leaves-such-rq971zgw.png Figure 2: Two labelled binary trees on (n+ 1) = 4 leaves. Such trees are in one–to–one correspondence with the vertex set V of the graph G3(V,E) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-plat-presentation-of-the-oriented-trefoil-knot-2ly834pf.png Figure 11: Plat presentation of the oriented trefoil knot. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-algorithms-for-a-set-of-group-theoretic-problems-4qkpljptse 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-known-reducibilities-between-various-group-theoretic-1t7ujop7.png Fig. 1. Known reducibilities between various group theoretic problems. Thick lines represent nontrivial reducibilities shown in the current work. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-backaction-in-spinor-condensate-magnetometry-4367rawqq6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-evolution-of-the-condensates-mean-spin-projected-8nihoviz.png FIG. 3. The evolution of the condensate’s mean spin projected along each axis for f = 2 × 1015 s−1 for a single run. This stronger measurement causes rapid decay of the condensate’s spin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-evolution-of-the-condensates-mean-spin-along-each-35cneg2i.png FIG. 2. The evolution of the condensate’s mean spin along each axis for f = 2 × 1013 s−1, normalized by atom number, for a single simulated experimental run. The optical detection of Larmor precession has very little effect on the free dynamics. Inset: The normalized photocurrent difference oscillating at the correct frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-schematic-of-the-proposed-experimental-1lprufzh.png FIG. 1. (Color online) A schematic of the proposed experimental setup. The atomic condensate sits in one arm of a balanced MachZehnder interferometer, where two 50:50 beam splitters are adjusted such that the output light will have equal intensity at each port in the absence of any material inducing an additional phase shift. Thus, the phase shift the atoms imprint on the light can be determined by measuring the differential signal from the photodiodes. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-chemical-calculations-of-the-adsorption-of-co-on-the-51ptwba7zf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calculated-characteristics-of-the-co-al2o3-n-2mi5rfxl.png Table 1 – Calculated characteristics of the CO/(Al2O3)n: adsorption energy Eads (in eV), bond distances R (in Å) and adsorption-induced CO frequency shift ∆ν (in cm-1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-calculated-characteristics-of-the-co-nio-n-1m5tvyyh.png Table 2 – Calculated characteristics of the CO/(NiO)n: adsorption energy Eads (in eV), bond distances R (in Å) and adsorption-induced CO frequency shift ∆ν (in cm – 1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-calculated-characteristics-of-the-co-cuo-n-iqmlidk7.png Table 3 – Calculated characteristics of the CO/(CuO)n: adsorption energy Eads (in eV), bond distances R (in Å) and adsorption-induced CO frequency shift ∆ν (in cm – 1) https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-blackjack-advantages-offered-by-quantum-strategies-2p33f2bo5l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-expected-advantage-amount-plotted-as-a-function-of-1ulw7rm3.png FIG. 3. The expected advantage amount plotted as a function of the shoe size. Note that the expected advantage seems to fall off and then plateau for larger deck sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustrations-of-the-information-exchange-and-game-1lcwd5c6.png FIG. 1. Illustrations of the information exchange and game play considered for this paper. (a) General scenario: The dealer sends private information (face-down cards) s and t to Alice and Bob, respectively. All parties also each have a face-up card. The contents of a finite-sized shoe (four cards in the figure) are known to the table, although the order of the cards is not. In the first round of play shown here, Alice goes first and publicly conveys her action a of hit or stand. Bob uses this information to choose his hit or stand action, b. In the quantum scenario, they are both allowed to make a measurement on a shared entangled state ρ to inform their action. Subsequent rounds are played deterministically without cooperation, and are not depicted here. (b) Hyperbit equivalent: When the quantum entanglement is used, the optimal strategy for Alice and Bob can be equivalently framed using hyperbits. Mathematically, this is represented through Alice and Bob choosing vectors xs and yt , respectively. The expected value of Bob’s action b then equals xs · yt . Note that Alice’s public communication of a is not explicitly shown, as it is instead implicitly within the hyperbit transfer and measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-quantum-circuit-for-the-optimal-quantum-strategy-when-33acj48w.png FIG. 4. Quantum circuit for the optimal quantum strategy when Bob and the dealer have face-up cards 9 and 10, respectively, and the shoe contains cards [A, A, 8, 10]. The θ and φ rotation angles for both Alice and Bob are specified in Table I and depend on which face-down card each player is dealt. It is important to note that Alice and Bob’s measurements, which are conventionally 0 or 1, must be converted to −1 or +1, and that Bob’s action is based on the product of the two measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-sweep-of-the-game-value-for-the-various-strategies-37bzihb6.png FIG. 2. A sweep of the game value for the various strategies considered, with the game parametrized by C = A + Bt . Note that seven regions are labeled for categorically different regimes; see the main text for details. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-classical-modeling-of-photoisomerization-of-1tv4sipmyw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-relative-energies-of-the-pess-of-trans-stilbene-in-1rlk4ajl.png FIG. 4. The relative energies of the PESs of trans-stilbene in eV. Both the PESs energy minima and the vertical excitation energies are shown, the data are taken from the Table IV. The PESs are treated as adiabatic avoided crossings . Here, the nonadiabatic effects arise because the molecule need not to stay on the S1 surface but may undergo transitions to the S2 state. The probability of such a jump increases with decreasing the energy difference between the S1 and S2 curves and with increasing velocity along the reaction coordinate. The X-axis is taken to be the reaction coordinate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-relative-energies-of-the-pess-of-p-coumaric-acid-3j7foy8s.png FIG. 5. The relative energies of the PESs of p-coumaric acid in eV. Both the PESs energy minima and the vertical excitation energy S0→S2 are shown. In the case of p-coumaric acid the PESs are diabatic allowed crossings . The X-axis is taken to be the reaction coordinate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-kinetics-of-the-nonadiabatic-transition-from-s1-to-2oiqb9in.png FIG. 6. The kinetics of the nonadiabatic transition from S1 to S2 state for the trans-stilbene, solid line. Dashed line shows the kinetic of the nonadiabatic transition from S1 to S2 in the absence of the high-frequency normal modes. Dashed-dotted line shows the kinetic of the nonadiabatic transition from S1 to S2 in the absence of the low and middle frequency normal modes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-adiabatic-model-for-2ug7gl8z.png FIG. 1. Schematic representation of the adiabatic model for the trans-cis photoisomerization of stilbene and stilbenelike molecules. It assumes the existence of a small barrier in the first excited state PES and fast IVR. Activated barrier crossing is assumed to be the rate limiting step, a radiationless transition into the ground state takes place from the twisted conformation, which nevertheless belongs to the distinct electron PES. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-in-this-table-are-given-the-bond-lengths-for-the-3o1p9fxn.png TABLE I. In this table are given the bond lengths for the central ethylenic bond C7uC8 and for the neighboring ones C2uC7, C8uC9 for transstilbene. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-representation-of-trans-stilbene-and-its-r22vkfpo.png FIG. 2. Schematic representation of trans-stilbene and its bond lengths for the ground S0 state. Carbon atoms are represented through gray balls, whereas the hydrogen atoms through white balls. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-absolute-value-of-the-fourier-transform-of-the-lvpetwpz.png FIG. 8. Absolute value of the Fourier transform of the nonadiabatic couplings V for trans-stilbene, averaged over many MD trajectories. Three frequency domains can roughly be defined as the low frequency 0–500 cm−1 , the middle frequency 500–2000 cm−1 , and the highfrequency 3300–4000 cm−1 domains. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-time-dependence-of-the-vertical-energy-splitting-for-2wq29ft3.png FIG. 7. Time dependence of the vertical energy splitting, for trans-stilbene, along a single representative trajectory on S1 PES. It is seen that the surface crossing events are absent they correspond to the crossing E=0 level . https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-brownian-particle-and-memory-effects-4r59gnmpsq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-evolution-of-the-brownian-ap-ri-ution-function-eq-ch8kc8yi.png FIG. 1 ~ Time evolution of the Brownian ap ri ution function, Eq. (20'. Th https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-coherence-and-lifetimes-of-surface-state-electrons-5bdgdv0gru 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-e-e-full-line-and-e-ph-dashed-line-lifetimes-as-3a303gvr.png Fig. 1. e–e (full line) and e–ph (dashed line) lifetimes as calculated using 3D Fermi liquid theory (Eqs. (1) and (2)) and a Debye model (Eq. (3)), respectively, for Cu parameters: t 5 0.46 fs, E 5 7 eV, v 5 27 meV, l 5 0.15 [5,6]. (a) Lifetime at T 5 0 K as a function of excess0 0 D energy of the quasiparticle with respect to the Fermi sea. (b) Temperature dependence of the lifetimes for particles at the Fermi level (double logarithmic plot). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-constant-current-image-of-a-cu-111-step-edge-280-a-3-370wxmie.png Fig. 6. (a) Constant-current image of a Cu(111) step edge: 280 ˚ ˚A 3 138 A, V5 1.4 V, I 5 7 nA. (b) dI /dV image taken simultaneously with (a). Standing wave patterns at static scatterers as steps and impurities are clearly visible (T 5 4.9 K, c.f., DV5 135 mV, n 5 5.72 kHz). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-typical-di-dv-data-perpendicular-to-a-descending-1lynl8xy.png Fig. 7. (a) Typical dI /dV data perpendicular to a descending https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-cluster-algebras-of-type-a-and-the-dual-canonical-3ohv2blfre 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-quiver-q-of-type-a13-1ll09wfd.png Figure 1: The quiver Q of type A13 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-auslander-reiten-quiver-for-n-3-26fhit46.png Figure 4: The Auslander-Reiten quiver for n = 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-part-of-the-auslander-reiten-quiver-for-n-4-umhksxep.png Figure 5: A part of the Auslander-Reiten quiver for n = 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-auslander-reiten-quiver-for-n-2-3bxkiuol.png Figure 3: The Auslander-Reiten quiver for n = 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-modules-ti-11-38qf8o1a.png Figure 10: The modules Ti,[1,1] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-modules-ti-01-34wg35es.png Figure 9: The modules Ti,[0,1] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-modules-ti-00-25ncxsdv.png Figure 8: The modules Ti,[0,0] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-initial-seed-for-the-case-n-9-2qtaomne.png Figure 11: The initial seed for the case n = 9 https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-condensation-from-a-tailored-exciton-population-in-a-1fbc4laqwl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-solid-simulated-exciton-inversion-profile-3mibquoa.png FIG. 2. Color online Solid: Simulated exciton inversion profile immediately after pumping t / =3 showing the population created by the pump pulse Eq. 4 and by a superposition of such pulses inset . Dotted: equilibrium exciton distribution with fitted temperature / 4.2k ; this is 0.6 K for =3 ps. Arrows: energy of the k =0 cavity mode. Dashed: exciton population during the condensation t / =7 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-electromagnetic-fields-and-polarizations-as-functions-3avqj6mz.png FIG. 1. Electromagnetic fields and polarizations as functions of time for the simulation described in the text. Dotted: pump field Fp left axis . Dot-dashed: polarization Pp at pump wavevector, integrated over dot energies and couplings left axis . Solid: cavity field 0 at k=0 right axis . Dashed: polarization P0 at k=0 right axis . Inset: spectrum 0 2 during the shaded region of the main plot solid curve . The pumped population dashed curve , exciton energy distribution shading , and energy of the k=0 cavity mode arrow are shown for comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-confinement-effects-in-pb-nanocrystals-grown-on-inas-t9pgqx2few 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-nc-parameters-36djecx4.png TABLE I. NC parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-dc-spectra-as-a-function-of-temperature-for-nc-iv-2evaqgtt.png FIG. 5. (a) DC spectra as a function of temperature for NC IV with V/VAnderson = 1.6. The voltage separation between the Coulomb peaks, i.e., the addition voltage, is indicated by the horizontal bars of different colors. In the same panels, zoom on the Coulomb peaks is shown where the maxima are indicated by orange dots. The DC spectra measured at Tc is plotted with a thicker linewidth than other spectra. (b) The addition voltages as a function of temperature, where the color of the curves correspond to the horizontal bars indicated in panel (a). (c) The difference in addition energies between two charge configurations given by δE = η(δVHead − δVTail), where the head (tail) refers to the arrows shown in panel (a). For panels (b) and (c), the value Tc(bulk) is indicated as horizontal dash lines. A double-headed arrow provides the scale for the energy gap 4 bulk of bulk Pb. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-level-spacing-extracted-from-the-addition-energy-2tqt0bhx.png FIG. 6. (a) Level spacing extracted from the addition energy measured above Tc. The lines are the calculated mean level spacing, using relation (1), for the two Fermi surfaces FS1 (yellow) and FS2 (pink) of Pb. (b) The scattered symbols are the results from tight-binding calculations of the level spacing for pyramidal NCs. The three red triangles are calculated level spacing from flat NCs. The black line is the average level spacing calculated from the scattered symbols. The colored lines are the calculated mean level spacings, using relation (1), for the two Fermi surfaces of Pb. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-dc-spectra-identical-to-those-shown-fig-8-a-the-6vq6i3hk.png FIG. 9. (a) DC spectra identical to those shown Fig. 8(a). The local maxima in the DC curve due to the discrete levels are identified by red dots. In the voltage range [−0.275 V, −0.025 V], the spectra can be fitted by the sum of six Lorentzian centered on the voltage values extracted from the histogram panel (b). The fits are shown as thin red curves. The green symbols on the left indicate on the maps shown in panels (c) the XY position where the spectra have been taken. (b) Histogram of the voltage positions of the local maxima identified in the 128×128 acquired DC spectra. The histogram shows only six well-defined peaks indicating that only six discrete levels exist on this energy range. These six voltage values are used as the voltage positions of the Lorentz functions used to fit the DC spectra, as shown in panel (a). (c) Maps of the amplitude of the six Lorentzians as a function of position XY. These maps can be interpreted as maps of the amplitude of the wave functions associated with the discrete levels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-dc-map-as-a-function-of-sample-bias-and-direction-x-1zelx042.png FIG. 7. (a) DC map as a function of sample bias and direction X measured along the arrow indicated in panel (d). The map shows that the energy of the Coulomb peaks change with the tip position as a consequence of the changing tip-NC capacitance. They also show faint maxima indicated by small red dots. These maxima are seen more clearly on panel (c). (b) DC maps measured at different sample voltages on the X-Y area indicated by a red square on panel (d). At these selected voltages, the QWSs appear as maxima of the differential conductance along the direction X. The voltage position of these maxima does not change along the Y direction. This shows that the energy of the QWSs at any (x,y) point on the NC depends only on the thickness of the NC, i.e., the length along the 〈111〉 direction as sketched in panel (d). Averaging the DC maps along the Y direction leads to an X-voltage map shown in panel (c). The vertical red arrows are located at the voltages of the maps shown in panel (b). They indicate local maxima that correspond to the QWSs that appear as vertical lines in panel (b). The red dots are the coordinates of the QWSs obtained by the phase accumulation model, see text, labeled by the index (P,n). The energy of the QWSs changes in the X direction following the change in the length d〈111〉. These QWSs are also visible in panel (a), indicated by small red dots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-6-5-nmx6-5-nm-atomic-resolution-image-of-inas-110-1-2vy7mkai.png FIG. 1. (a) 6.5 nm×6.5 nm atomic resolution image of InAs (110)(1 V, 30 pA). (b) 3D 150 nm×150 nm topographic STM image (1 V, 30 pA) of Pb NCs grown on the (110) InAs surface. (c)–(h) six topographic images of NCs of different sizes shown with the same x,y and z scales. (c), (d), (g), and (h) are 30 nm×30 nm, while (e) and (f) are 10 nm×10 nm. (i)–(l) are Laplacian xyz(x,y) images of NCs, corresponding to the topographic images (c), (d), (g), and (h). The hexagonal dash line on panel (i) highlights the hexagonal shape of the facet of the NC. (m) Sketch of the pyramidal NC indicating the main crystallographic directions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-mott-schottky-model-of-band-bending-which-applies-in-1t3sr3i2.png FIG. 2. (a) Mott-Schottky model of band-bending, which applies in the absence of interface states. (b) Bardeen model of band-bending, which applies in the presence of interface states. (c) The (110) surface of InAs cleaved in UHV is free of interface states, implying that the Fermi level is not pinned and the bands remain flat up to the surface. (d) Because the charge neutrality level W0i of InAs is above the conduction band, the deposition of a metal layer on the top of InAs leads to interface states and an accumulation layer of electron below the metallic layer. (e) The slope parameter Sφ as a function of electronegativity difference for a series of binary semiconductors extracted from Ref. [44]. Ionic semiconductors, i.e., high electronegativity difference, tend to have a large slope parameter, which implies that the Mott-Schottky model applies. In contrast, covalent semiconductors such as GaAs and InAs (not shown on the graph) tend to have a small slope parameter, implying the presence of a large density of interface states that pin the Fermi level at the charge neutrality level, i.e., Bardeen model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-dc-spectra-as-a-function-of-sample-bias-measured-at-d3rx3jy3.png FIG. 8. (a) DC spectra as a function of sample bias measured at different positions indicated by symbols on the NC shown panel (b). The spectra display a single Coulomb peak, a Coulomb gap and six discrete electronic levels. (b) Topographic image of the NC. (c) DC maps taken at the different voltages indicated by dash lines on panel (a) on the XY area indicated by a dash red square on panel (b). The Coulomb peak appears as a Coulomb ring on the DC maps taken at VBias = 0.222 V and VBias = 0.235 V. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-delocalization-of-molecular-hydrogen-in-alkali-3eo8l8yg2w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-radial-and-angular-inset-scans-for-the-h2-gic-2p9h7vzu.png FIG. 4 (color). Radial and angular (inset) scans for the H2-GIC complex. R, , and retain the same meaning as in Fig. 2. Dashed lines in the inset correspond to fits using Eq. (1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-pw-dft-results-a-view-along-the-c-axis-white-31vf1f06.png FIG. 3 (color). PW-DFT results: (a) View along the c axis (white lines define the unit cell). The trigonal subunit cell and its center are shown in red. White circles denote three adjacent H2 sites. The blue dashed line shows the direction of the radial energy cut in Fig. 4; (b) side view of the minimum-energy configuration; (c) electron-density-difference map obtained by subtracting the KC14 and H2 densities from that of KC14H2. Red (blue) denotes electron density gain (loss). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-kth-h2-potential-energy-curves-the-cartoon-hqs9li94.png FIG. 2 (color). Kþ H2 potential energy curves. The cartoon defines radial (R) and angular ( , ) variables. The inset shows the angular potential at Req; symbols correspond to PW-DFT calculations whereas the solid line corresponds to the long-range expansion described in the text (quadrupole and polarizability values taken from Ref. [31]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-a-evolution-of-the-003-peak-with-x-as-measured-2fu7vtb2.png FIG. 1 (color). (a) Evolution of the (003) peak with x as measured on IRIS. The inset shows integrated intensities (symbols) and accompanying fits (lines) using the model described in the text; (b) shows the INS data from IRIS and TOSCA (inset). https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-control-with-quantum-light-of-molecular-2wnam4eehi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-relation-between-the-initial-photon-number-n-the-1c8yx3nz.png TABLE I. Relation between the initial photon number (〈n〉), the minimum and maximum change in the photon number ( 〈n〉), and the minimum and maximum ground-state populations (P) after the reaction has occurred in the cases of both coherent light and squeezed light. For the squeezed states the r squeezing parameters are also shown. The data used to create this table can be found in Figs. S1–S3 in the Supplemental Material [54]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-final-1-state-populations-calculated-as-a-function-of-mdnb62xr.png FIG. 4. Final 1 state populations calculated as a function of the ϕ initial phase and the θ initial squeezing phase, using squeezed-coherent initial states. The applied parameters are |α| = 1, r = 1 (a) and |α| = 1, r = 2 (b). In both panels the coupling strength and the transition frequency are χ = 0.01 and ωc = 0.037 eV, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-potential-energy-curves-of-the-1-red-solid-line-and-29jpqg12.png FIG. 1. (a) Potential energy curves of the 1 (red solid line) and 2 (green dashed line) electronic states of the LiF molecule applied in the present work. (b) The corresponding transition dipole moment and nonadiabatic coupling ( f 1 2 ) curves are shown by blue dashed and black solid lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-the-interaction-of-a-molecule-with-a-koachrux.png FIG. 2. Illustration of the interaction of a molecule with a coherent state (a) and a squeezed vacuum state (b) in a wave-packet picture. The nuclear wave packet follows the gradient on the potential energy curve from the Franck-Condon point (≈ 1.6 Å) towards the avoided crossing (black circle at ≈ 8 Å). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-final-1-state-populations-for-a-coherent-and-b-3rq86pj5.png FIG. 3. Final 1 state populations for (a) coherent and (b) squeezed vacuum initial states as a function of the initial phase and the initial squeezing phase, respectively. In the case of the coherent states (a), several initial average photon numbers are considered. For comparison, the classical field description results are presented by the black line where the electric field amplitude is determined from Ec = χωcxmax. In the case of the coherent states the coupling strength parameter is scaled according to χ/ √〈n〉. For the squeezed vacuum initial states (b), four different squeezing parameters are considered. In both panels ωc = 0.037 eV and χ = 0.01 are applied. The horizontal dashed lines show the field-free final populations in both panels. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-correlations-between-each-qubit-in-a-two-atom-system-4hsux22x56 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-eae-b-d-ae-c-eab-and-d-d-ab-as-a-1w9agz0w.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) EAE , (b) δ←AE , (c) EAB , and (d) δ ← AB as a function of the interatomic distance for various values of the scaled time. The dashed-dotted (red) line is for γ t = 1, the dashed (black) line is for γ t = 1.5, and the solid (blue) line is for γ t = 2. The two-qubit initial state is given by Eq. (15) with β2 = 1/2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-eae-b-d-ae-c-eab-and-d-d-ab-as-a-38fbah5x.png FIG. 2. (Color online) (a) EAE , (b) δ←AE , (c) EAB , and (d) δ ← AB as a function of the interatomic distance for various values of the scaled time. The dashed-dotted (red) line is for γ t = 1, the dashed (black) line is for γ t = 1.5, and the solid (blue) line is for γ t = 2. The two-qubit initial state is given by Eq. (14) with α2 = 1/2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-an-illustrative-scheme-to-elucidate-the-24cgciq6.png FIG. 1. (Color online) An illustrative scheme to elucidate the critical distance where each atom is maximally quantum correlated with the environment. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-dynamics-of-evaporatively-cooled-bose-einstein-31jq62287v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulation-of-a-two-dimensional-bose-condensa-showing-3h7qtloh.png FIG. 1. Simulation of a two-dimensional Bose condensa showing the ensemble average~55 paths! atom density^n(k)& along one dimension in Fourier space versus time. Time has b normalized byt050.79 ms and momentum byk051.32310 6m21. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-enhanced-stimulated-emission-microscopy-a2qcgq5e4u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-energy-level-diagram-for-the-stimulated-emission-339qe5s1.png FIG. 1. (a) Energy level diagram for the stimulated emission-based pump–probe microscopy.4,14 (b) Amplification of the stimulation beam synchronized with the modulated excitation beam. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-noise-power-of-the-classical-black-and-deamplified-2fa6gh42.png FIG. 4. (a) Noise power of the classical (black) and deamplified seed (red) beams of matching mean intensity and electronic noise of the SA (gray). The resolution bandwidth is 1 kHz, and the video bandwidth is 10 Hz. b) Fano factor vs mean intensity deamplification for different pump powers. The dashed line is a fit to Eq. (3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-stimulated-emission-microscopy-signals-for-an-1qe60np6.png FIG. 5. Stimulated emission microscopy signals for an intensity-squeezed probe (light red) and coherent beam of the same average power (gray). The shot-noise limit is shown in black and the noise power of the squeezed probe is shown in red. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-amplification-deamplification-of-the-signal-as-its-2vql18b7.png FIG. 3. (a) Amplification/deamplification of the signal as its phase is linearly scanned in time. (b) Maximum amplification (red dots) and deamplification (black dots) as a function of the pump power. The fitted curves (dashed lines) take into account the imperfect mode overlap between the pump and the signal [Eq. (2)]. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-erasure-correcting-codes-and-percolation-on-regular-1t4u3xfvu0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-square-lattice-3c830hy5.png Figure 1: The square lattice https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-local-structure-of-the-graph-g-5-3bqtxl18.png Figure 2: The local structure of the graph G(5) https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-entanglement-in-plasmonic-waveguides-with-near-zero-4449s0lo8p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dependence-of-the-concurrence-c-on-the-g2-g1-ratio-and-3dkqhqvc.png Fig. 4. Dependence of the concurrence C on the g2∕g1 ratio and the interdot distance d when the plasmonic waveguide mode index (a) n 0 and (b) n 0.1. Here Γ 0.01225J1 is used in the calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dependence-of-concurrence-c-on-the-plasmonic-waveguide-ytxw9kiy.png Fig. 3. Dependence of concurrence C on the plasmonic waveguide mode index n and the interdot distance d for (a) on-resonance case Δ 0 and (b) off-resonance case Δ 0.5J. Here Γ 0.01225J is used in the calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-dependence-of-waveguide-mode-indices-n-on-the-36b7w6s3.png Fig. 2. (a) Dependence of waveguide mode indices n on the wavelengths for different diameters D at 100 nm (greensolid line), 110 nm (orange-dashed line), 125 nm (navy-dotted line), and 150 nm (magenta dashed–dotted line); (b) dependence of group velocity vg and mode index n on the wavelengths for the waveguide with D 110 nm when 0.1γ Ag loss is considered; (c) and (d) the electric field distributions at the wavelengths of 600 and 725 nm for the waveguide in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-dependence-of-the-concurrence-c-on-the-interdot-3coplrzr.png Fig. 5. (a) Dependence of the concurrence C on the interdot distance d when Δ 0.5J for a different mode index n at 0.022 (red solid line), 0.164 (blue-dashed line), 0.462 (black-dotted line), and 0.962 (green dashed–dotted line); (b) dependence of the concurrence C on the interdot distance d when the mode index n 0.022 for different QD waveguide detuning Δ at 0.5J (red solid line), 0.4J (blue-dashed line), 0.3J (black-dotted line), 0.2J (green dashed–dotted line), and 0.1J (magenta dashed– dotted–dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-of-the-cross-section-of-a-sio2-waveguide-2doksdo1.png Fig. 1. (a) Schematic of the cross section of a SiO2 waveguide with a thick silver cladding.D is the diameter of the SiO2 core. A 3 μm long waveguide is used in the model. (b) Pair of two-level QDs separated by distance d interacting with the waveguide mode. δ Δ is the frequency detuning between the QD1 (QD2) transition and the incident waveguide mode. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-filtering-of-optical-coherent-states-2zawl3lfwf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-in-all-figures-the-triangles-are-experimental-data-qjx3z6l8.png FIG. 5. In all figures the triangles are experimental data points for a filter using APD, the circles and squares show data for filters using homodyne detection with and without stabilized LO, respectively; the solid lines are theoretical predictions for filters using unit quantum efficiency detectors, =1 APD: S /R= 1− pd 2 for =1 . a Sensitivity as a function of error probability. The dashed line should guide the eye to the error rate where the detectors are compared EAPD=EHDS=EHDR=5.3 10 −3. b Gain G as a function of mean photon number R 2 impinging on the filter detector. Signal probability fixed to p=2%. c Parametric plot of Gain G and success probability PS for R 2 0,1.65 . The performance decreases from APD to HDS and HDR. The error bars show the statistical errors 3 error bars and are much smaller than the experimental errors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-application-of-the-quantum-filter-device-the-filter-f-fodhowzs.png FIG. 1. Application of the quantum filter device. The filter F is placed between two quantum channels connecting sender S and receiver R. We assume, that the channels have non-Gaussian on-off first part and Gaussian properties last part . The on-off behavior of the first channel will be masked by excess noise in the second channel e.g., → 0 0 → th . However, a quantum filter in the intermediate station can sense the channel break and reject the noisy state by sending information over a classical channel to R. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-acceptance-probability-for-mean-photon-number-r-2-36chidru.png FIG. 4. Acceptance probability for mean photon number R 2 impinging on the filter detector. The triangles, circles, and squares show experimental data for APD and homodyne detection with and without stabilized LO, respectively. The solid lines are theoretical predictions for detectors with unit quantum efficiency. EAPD=EHDS=EHDR=5.3 10 −3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-marginal-distribution-for-the-perturbed-state-p-0-02-1ojaxt8g.png FIG. 3. Marginal distribution for the perturbed state p=0.02 circles , the vacuum state crosses and the filtered state using an APD filter triangles . The solid line and the dotted-dashed line correspond to the theoretical performance of a filter with APD APD=1 and with homodyne detector HDS=1 , respectively. The mean photon number in the filter is R 2=1.65 and the error probabilities are identical EAPD=EHDS=5.3 10 −3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-illustration-of-a-coherent-state-quantum-2osbv03y.png FIG. 2. Schematic illustration of a coherent state quantum filter for the non-Gaussian channel: a Filter device with verification measurement; b left-hand side filter using APD as a detector, b right-hand side using homodyne detection with a local oscillator LO . https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-gate-identification-error-analysis-numerical-results-36mrxg11ys 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-schematic-of-experimental-setup-1pp6915b.png Fig. 4. The schematic of experimental setup https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-running-time-t-and-mse-versus-qubit-number-nq-for-mle-2f9q50m2.png Fig. 3. Running time T and MSE versus qubit number Nq for MLE and our Pure-state-based Gate Identification (PGI) method https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-error-mse-versus-total-resources-number-n-3fluc56j.png Fig. 2. Error MSE versus total resources number N https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-procedures-for-the-gate-identification-3ovzev6a.png Fig. 1. General Procedures for the Gate Identification Algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-error-mse-versus-total-resource-number-n-for-the-1wmx15bc.png Fig. 5. Error (MSE) versus total resource number N for the experimental single-qubit gate https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-interference-between-independent-reservoirs-in-open-3d2an3vylx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-a-comparison-of-the-dark-state-413kbpck.png FIG. 5. (Color online) A comparison of the dark state populations of the driven system using various approaches. (a) The quantum solution, (b) the additive ME that neglects the bath interference, and (c) the alternative additive ME that includes the dressing of the optical drive, but still omits the bath interference. Parameters used: = 1 = 2 = 100γ⊥. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-demonstrative-example-showing-the-21przw25.png FIG. 1. (Color online) A demonstrative example showing the interference effect between two structured environments. (a) The model of a TLS interacting with two independent photonic vacua is shown. Each photonic bath is characterized by a non-Markovian spectral density Ji(ω). (b, c) The population dynamics of an initially excited TLS based on the additive ME and the exact solution, respectively, is presented. The ME solution produces a much suppressed oscillation due to the missing of the bath interference. The parameters used are λ1/γ1 = 0.01, λ2/γ1 = 0.02. Similar discrepancies are observed for other parameters. (d) The error (t) = ρexacts (t) − ρadds (t) of the additive ME usingλ1 = λ2 = λ and γ1 = γ2 is plotted. Asλ increases, memory times are reduced and the additive ME result starts to approach the exact solution in the Markovian limit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-diagrammatic-constructions-for-the-1l52rhp6.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Diagrammatic constructions for the dephasing problem based on different theoretical techniques. Each diagram, being second order in the dephasing interaction, represents the virtual evolution of the system from time 0 (left) to t (right) with the dressing of the optical pumping (double purple-green line) and the influence of the dephasing (dashed brown line). The energy levels next to the diagram gives the virtual processes of the dark state evolution. (a) The quantum solution. (b) The additive ME approach that forbids both the relaxation and optical driving during the virtual dephasing process. (c) The alternative additive ME result that permits the drive, but not the relaxation during the virtual process. (d) The limit of Markovian dephasing. Similar diagrams obtained by flipping the bubbles are not shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-the-tls-oscillates-between-the-excited-1lu2ursg.png FIG. 2. (Color online) (a) The TLS oscillates between the excited and ground states with a non-Markovian decay rate 12(t). In the additive ME, the overall decay rate is approximated by an incoherent sum exact12 (t) ≈ additive12 (t) = 1(t) + 2(t). (b) The difference between exact12 (t) (solid blue line) and additive https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-diagrammatic-representations-of-the-dynamics-of-a-mlqvs5k7.png FIG. 3. Diagrammatic representations of the dynamics of a system interacting with two general baths from time 0 to t . (a–c) Lowest-order diagrams that describe the interference effect between baths 1 (dashed lines) and 2 (dotted lines). Left: exact diagrams; right: diagrammatic correspondence of the additive ME. Similar diagrams obtained by exchanging the bath lines and flipping the diagrams are not shown. All the diagrams have the same order. The additive ME solution does not allow the baths to have time overlaps in (b), nor to cross in (c). (d) The additive ME corresponds to a ladder approximation in the diagrammatic structure and thus omits the interference between baths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-dephasing-comparison-of-a-driven-system-a-1bu0ezyp.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Dephasing comparison of a driven system. (a) The model system in the presence of Markovian relaxations and non-Markovian dephasing. (b) The virtual dephasing evolution, in which the initial dark state |D〉 = (|1〉 − |2〉)/√2 is flipped to the bright state and then pumped back. (c) The corresponding evolution of the additive ME solution. The missing of the bath interference prohibits the simultaneous action of the pumping (double line) and dephasing processes (dashed line). (d) The dark state infidelity δF (t) = 1 − PD(t) calculated by various approaches using = 1 = 2 = 100γ⊥. (e) The dark state population reached by increasing the driving field when γ⊥t = 1/2 and 1 = 2 = 100γ⊥. The additive ME predicts a lower dark state fidelity. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-information-transfer-and-entanglement-with-squid-1yadrrum1v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-for-a-squid-cavity-r-is-the-squids-eff-34w4hrmj.png TABLE I. Parameters for a SQUID-cavity. R is the SQUID’s eff time of level jai j1i . a0 a1 is the j0i $ jai j1i $ jai transiti between levels jii and jji (i a; j 0; 1). The cavity has a volum frequency c. wl is the carrier frequency of the pulse l with & frequency at the central time &l for the pulse l (l I; II). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-and-b-represent-level-diagrams-of-two-nonidentical-cem76f8f.png FIG. 1. (a) and (b) represent level diagrams of two nonidentical SQUIDs (I, II), respectively. The difference between gI and gII is due to device parameter nonuniformity or not exact placement of each SQUID qubit in a cavity. (c) Schematic illustration for two SQUIDs (I, II) and an auxiliary SQUID (A) in a standing-wave cavity. Bc;B wI, and B wII are in the Y direction. SQUIDs are placed in the X-Z plane. The auxiliary SQUID is used as a photon detector only in entanglement preparation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-rabi-frequencies-ii-dash-line-and-i-solid-line-3diehxbr.png FIG. 2. (a) Rabi frequencies II (dash line) and I (solid line) versus time. Populations versus time (b) for ideal darkstate evolution, and (c) under the full Hamiltonian. Inset: populations of the states jaiIj0iIIj0ic (dashed line) and j0iIjaiIIj0ic (dotted line) versus time. Parameters used for calculations are listed in Table I. The coupling constants used are gI gII 1:8 108 s 1 (derived from the parameters in Table I). https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-key-secure-communication-protocol-via-enhanced-3k261squg9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-time-slot-of-fig-1-and-2-1owwvvxd.png Table I: Time slot of Fig. 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-qksc-implementation-on-quirk-simulator-with-key-and-3rw6gd07.png FIG. 24: QKSC implementation on Quirk simulator, with key and two quantum repeaters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-qksc-implementation-on-quirk-simulator-keyless-and-o7jxbn0h.png FIG. 16: QKSC implementation on Quirk simulator, keyless, and with two quantum repeaters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-qksc-implementation-on-ibm-q-with-key-and-two-quantum-2rvi1oly.png FIG. 25: QKSC implementation on IBM Q, with key and two quantum repeaters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-ibm-q-melbourne-processor-upper-figure-histogram-20a7g47y.png FIG. 19: IBM Q Melbourne processor. Upper figure: Histogram (measurement probabilities) in terms of computational basis states, with (16.15+14.807+14.893+13.647)% = 59.497% of probability in b2b1b0 = MM0, and (11.56+10.107+9.57+9.265)% = 40.503% of probability in b2b1b0 = MM1, where M is a meta-symbol that represents 0 and 1, at the same time. The difference is greater than 40% between the simulator and Melbourne processor showing decoherence of the latter for this experiment. Lower figure: Run details of simulator execution, with 8192 shots, and fairshare run mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-ibm-q-simulator-upper-figure-histogram-measurement-28ymxpty.png FIG. 18: IBM Q simulator. Upper figure: Histogram (measurement probabilities) in terms of computational basis states, with 100% of probability in b2b1b0 = 110, which evidences an absolute coincidence with the metrics of Fig. 13. Lower figure: Run details of simulator execution, with 8192 shots, and fairshare run mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-comparison-between-qkd-qsdc-and-qksc-28b106y2.png FIG. 3: Schematic comparison between QKD, QSDC, and QKSC protocols. a) QKD system with a classical channel (black), and a quantum channel (red) for the key distribution; while the encrypted message travels via another classical channel (blue) called data channel. b) QSDC protocol with a classical channel for authentication (black), and a quantum channel (red) with two branches: forward, and backward. c) QKSC protocol with an identical configuration like that of QSDC, with only one exception: its quantum channel only needs the forward branch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-29-a-quantum-satellite-to-communicate-alice-a-red-buoy-3hps47hv.png FIG. 29: A quantum satellite to communicate Alice (a red buoy on sea in point A) and Bob (a blue buoy on sea in point B). Besides, there is a third ship, the Eve submarine (E), silent, submerged and pre-existing in the Alice’s area. Therefore, two alternatives emerge: a) the not ally submarine is at an appropriate distance from Alice’s one, i.e., close enough to be affected by the electro-magnetic shadow associated to the satellite footprint (pink triangular sector), and far enough not to be detected by Alice, thus being able to decode and thus alter the bits of the public and data channels used by the QKD protocol, instead, b) using a satellite with a fully optical channel, i.e., quantum channel (QCh), which can focus exclusively on Alice's buoy for transmission and reception of the entangled photons used by QKSC, the not ally submarine has no chance of altering the communication between Alice and Bob. Otherwise, the orange rays in (a) and (b) represent the entangled photons scattered across the satellite, while the brown rays represent the cables between the buoys and the submarines, which are subjected to great forces of stretching and compression, as well as mechanical degradation due to exposure to the environment. Moreover, in (a), the gray rays represent the electromagnetic links that drives the transmission of the classic bits that Alice needs to rebuild the transmitted keys, via a QKD protocol, and then the message, while the black ray represents the intervention of the not ally submarine in the electromagnetic channel, whereas, in (b) the yellow ray represents the only intervening channel (optical link). They are the Alice’s and Bob’s buoys that reconstruct the transmitted information and emit them to the submarines. Finally, all the elements of the figures are out of proportion in order to make them more visible. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-interference-in-three-photon-down-conversion-3wrps3fru0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-wigner-function-representing-the-signal-field-state-g-3s46zvvn.png FIG. 4. Wigner function representing the signal field state g erated using a pump with Gaussian noise, characterized by the rametersb058 andn̄52. The interaction time ist50.025/l. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-quadrature-distributions-d-x2-xu-for-the-state-plotted-3un9l4st.png FIG. 2. Quadrature distributions^d(x2 x̂u)& for the state plotted in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-classical-trajectories-of-the-signal-mode-in-the-appro-2dqvlthp.png FIG. 5. Classical trajectories of the signal mode in the appro mation of a constant pump. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-magnets-under-pressure-controlling-elementary-rxv3cott1w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-longitudinal-mode-in-the-1x6gtqsc.png FIG. 4 (color online). Longitudinal mode in the pressurecontrolled RC phase. (a) INS intensity as a function of energy for predominantly longitudinal fluctuations (red peaks, Fig. 2) measured at Q 0 4 0 . (b) Longitudinal mode gap L p : the black curve obtained from the theoretical description has a square-root form, L p / p pc 1=2. (c) Integrated scattering intensity, which is inversely proportional to the gap for p > pc. (d) FWHM: here the black line is a guide to the eye, with fitted exponent 0:5 0:1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-summary-of-ins-results-for-the-gaps-of-31qz0134.png FIG. 3 (color online). Summary of INS results for the gaps of all three triplet excitations as functions of pressure at T 1:85 K. Data for TN p from Ref. [5]. Modes L and T1 are degenerate within experimental resolution at p < pc. Red symbols show the longitudinal mode L at p > pc. Solid and dashed lines are theoretical fits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-ins-spectra-showing-triplet-excitations-u6etp2fe.png FIG. 2 (color online). INS spectra showing triplet excitations at T 1:85 K and Q 0 4 0 for four different pressures across the QPT. Complementary data taken at Q 0 0 1 is shown in (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-generic-phase-diagram-for-a-qpt-1ld2ejoh.png FIG. 1 (color online). (a) Generic phase diagram for a QPT occurring as a function of the parameter g p / PjJij p =J p . For a magnetic QPT, the characteristic energy scales in the QD and RC phases are, respectively, the spin gap and Néel temperature TN , both of which vanish at the QPT. The nature of the lowest-lying excitations is as given. (b)–(d) Pressure and temperature dependence of the magnetic Bragg peak intensity at Q 0 0 1 in TlCuCl3, which is proportional to the square of the order parameter ms. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-limits-to-center-of-mass-measurements-24b95p8iia 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-deviation-of-the-variance-relative-to-the-wave-packet-3a3d7s1b.png FIG. 1. Deviation of the variance relative to the wave-packet variance, 2 of the quasi-intensive c.m. coordinate dashed from the true intensive c.m. coordinate solid for a heralded coherent state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-position-variances-for-1d-coherent-pulses-of-n-1ojm1oxr.png FIG. 2. Mean position variances for 1D coherent pulses of n̄ =104 particles propagating in a dispersive medium. The three figures correspond to three different wave-packet shapes: a the soliton solution to the 1D nonlinear Schrödinger equation ̂ = 12 sech 1 2 , b a wider pulse of the form ̂ sech 1 4 , and c a narrower pulse ̂ sech . The solid lines represent the analytically determined total variance X̂2 /x0 2, while the dashed and dash-dotted lines represent the numerical results for the classical https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-possible-soliton-double-slit-interference-experiment-31ajoabq.png FIG. 3. Possible soliton double slit interference experiment. The soliton wave packet I broadens over time due to the linear increase in the quantum uncertainty in the mean position. Lasers then eliminate solitons outside of two “slits” II . Any remaining soliton is left to propagate until it undergoes absorption imaging III . https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-loops-in-the-resonance-chiral-theory-the-vector-form-33e5kiogne 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-tree-level-contributions-to-fsp-q2-2axr40u0.png Figure 8: Tree-level contributions to FSπ(q2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-diagrams-contributing-to-the-vu-v-rs-green-function-1cqiyvkw.png Figure 4: Diagrams contributing to the 〈vµ V ρσ〉 Green function at NLO in 1/NC . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-nlo-diagrams-contributing-to-the-three-point-green-ag11in5d.png Figure 5: NLO diagrams contributing to the three-point Green function V µν → ππ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-tree-level-contributions-to-frr-q2-3189r90u.png Figure 9: Tree-level contributions to FRR(q2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-leading-order-contributions-to-the-vff-23ah5bcn.png Figure 1: Leading order contributions to the VFF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-basic-topologies-contributing-to-the-vector-form-26u9r9xt.png Figure 7: Basic topologies contributing to the Vector Form Factor at NLO. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1pi-diagrams-connecting-an-external-vector-current-2qslymxi.png Figure 6: 1PI diagrams connecting an external vector current and two outgoing pions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-one-loop-diagrams-and-local-contributions-to-the-2w4sps30.png Figure 2: One-loop diagrams and local contributions to the pion self-energy. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-metallicity-on-the-high-field-side-of-the-4stxxmt9ne 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temperature-dependence-of-rsat-and-a-rsat-t-b-r-1sat-17brty4g.png FIG. 4. Temperature dependence of Rsat and . (a) Rsat T , (b) R 1sat T1=3 , and (c) T for samples A and B and the data from Fig. 1(a) of Ref. [12]. For the latter, we obtained B ’ 4:5 T and ’ 2e2=h, nearly independent of T. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scaling-plot-of-the-data-in-fig-2-for-certain-values-1fg7pslt.png FIG. 3. Scaling plot of the data in Fig. 2. For certain values of Rsat, ln 1=Rsat G B varies linearly versus B, with a T-independent slope. The linear slope corresponds to a characteristic field B ’ 10:7 T (sample A) and ’ 6:8 T (sample B), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sheet-resistance-r-in-perpendicular-magnetic-field-top-tu5c5jer.png FIG. 2. Sheet resistance R in perpendicular magnetic field. Top: (sample A) T 60, 80, 95, 120, 140, 180, 300, 450, 650, 850, 990 mK. The inset shows a close-up view of the R B curves measured at temperatures corresponding dR=dT < 0 at zero magnetic field. Bottom: (sample B) T 60, 75, 90, 100, 130, 180, 220, 260, 300, 360, 480, 625 mK. R T 60 mK reaches a maximum at Bm 1:2 T (sample A) and at Bm 1:6 T (sample B). https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-monte-carlo-study-of-the-ground-state-of-the-two-2uhbv2p608 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-vmc-dmc-and-extrapolated-ext-pcfs-g-r-for-3ru9fz7p.png FIG. 8. Color online VMC, DMC, and extrapolated “Ext.” PCFs g r for a paramagnetic Fermi fluid of density parameter rs =5 a.u. at different system sizes N. Twist averaging was used in the curves labeled TA but not in the one labeled PBC. Slater-Jastrow and Slater-Jastrow-backflow wave functions were used in the curves labeled SJ and SJB, respectively. kF= 2 /rs is the Fermi wave vector of the paramagnetic fluid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-extrapolated-ssf-s-k-for-paramagnetic-3ghgo7dk.png FIG. 7. Color online Extrapolated SSF S k for paramagnetic HEGs at high density. kF= 2 /rs is the Fermi wave vector. SlaterJastrow-backflow wave functions and twist averaging were used. The system sizes are N=50, 58, and 58 at rs=1, 5, and 10 a.u., respectively. The curve marked HF shows the Hartree-Fock SSF. The dotted lines show the SSF obtained by taking the Fourier transform of the PCF data of Gori-Giorgi et al. Ref. 7 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-extrapolated-total-pcf-g-r-for-6dy6vqd2.png FIG. 9. Color online Extrapolated total PCF g r for paramagnetic Fermi fluids of density parameter rs. kF= 2 /rs is the Fermi wave vector of the paramagnetic fluid. HF stands for Hartree-Fock theory. Twist averaging was used and the QMC calculations were performed at system sizes of N=50, 58, and 58 electrons at rs=1, 5, and 10 a.u. The dotted lines show the data of Gori-Giorgi et al. Ref. 7 , which are almost indistinguishable from our data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-energy-variance-and-percentage-of-correlation-energy-2tgzigxs.png TABLE I. Energy, variance, and percentage of correlation energy retrieved using different methods for a 58-electron paramagnetic Fermi fluid of density parameter rs=5 a.u. Twist averaging has not been used. “HF,” “SJ-VMC,” “SJB-VMC,” “SJ-DMC,” and “SJB-DMC” stand for Hartree-Fock theory, VMC with a SlaterJastrow wave function, VMC with a Slater-Jastrow-backflow wave function, DMC with a Slater-Jastrow wave function, and DMC with a Slater-Jastrow-backflow wave function, respectively. The DMC energy data have been extrapolated to zero time step. The data marked with an asterisk were produced by Kwon et al. Ref. 19 , while the data marked with a dagger were generated by Attaccalite et al. Ref. 21 at a time step of 0.1 a.u. i.e., their data were not extrapolated to zero time step . The fraction of the correlation energy retrieved is computed on the assumption that our SlaterJastrow-backflow DMC calculation retrieves 100% of the correlation energy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-contact-pcf-g-0-against-density-3u2ytchz.png FIG. 11. Color online Contact PCF g 0 against density parameter rs as calculated by different authors: the present work see Table V , Gori-Giorgi et al. Ref. 7 , Nagano et al. Ref. 24 , Polini et al. Ref. 25 , and Qian Ref. 8 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-extrapolated-total-pcf-g-r-for-fermi-2bt1uboy.png FIG. 10. Color online Extrapolated total PCF g r for Fermi fluids of density parameter rs and spin polarization . kF= 2 /rs is the Fermi wave vector of the paramagnetic fluid. “GMB” denotes the work of Gori-Giorgi et al. Ref. 7 shown by dotted lines , while HF stands for Hartree-Fock theory. Twist averaging was used and the QMC calculations were performed at system sizes of N =90, 114, 90 and 114 at rs=20, 25, 30, and 35, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-twist-averaged-dmc-energy-against-time-3txq0pjq.png FIG. 1. Color online Twist-averaged DMC energy against time step for paramagnetic Fermi fluids of density parameter rs=5 a.u. at different system sizes N. “SJ” and “SJB” refer to Slater-Jastrow and Slater-Jastrow-backflow wave functions, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-extrapolated-md-k-for-paramagnetic-fermi-2v2t4pp9.png FIG. 3. Color online Extrapolated MD k for paramagnetic Fermi fluids. kF= 2 /rs is the Fermi wave vector of the paramagnetic fluid and F=rs 2 / 2 is the value of the Fermi distribution. The results were obtained using a Slater-Jastrow-backflow wave function and a variety of system sizes with N 50 in each case. Twist averaging was not used. For comparison, we have plotted the MD obtained by Tanatar and Ceperley Ref. 3 open symbols and Eq. 8.133 of Ref. 10 dotted lines . https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-nonlocality-without-entanglement-2p8kxn8qyn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-entropies-entanglements-and-advice-for-non-bell-34wczx4m.png TABLE I. Entropies, entanglements, and advice for non-Bell ensembles are upper bounds from protocols, actual values could be less. The entropies of measurement for nine-state and four-Bell en are for entanglement-assisted measurement since these ensembles are otherwise not locally measu nine-state ensemble consists of nine equiprobable statesc1 , . . . ,c9 of Eq. ~3! and Fig. 1. The 2468 and 24 ensembles are equiprobable distributions over$c2 ,c4 ,c6 ,c8% and$c2 ,c4 ,c6%, respectively. The four-Bell ensemble consists of four equiprobable Bell states$F1,F2,C1,C2% and the two-Bell ensemble of two equiprobable Bell states, e.g.,$F1,C1%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sequence-of-measurements-performed-to-distinguish-2hxshe7f.png FIG. 2. Sequence of measurements performed to distinguish states of Fig. 1 if the statec4 is excluded. The dashed lines indica the von Neumann measurements, the italic numbers indicate order in which they are performed. Dashed-dotted lines indic measurements in the rotated basis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-set-of-four-states-shown-in-the-domino-notation-wh-can-1ewb1xgy.png FIG. 5. Set of four states, shown in the domino notation, wh can be prepared locally by Alice and Bob in a reversible fashio https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tree-depicting-the-four-stages-of-measurement-indic-in-1p3q2xfi.png FIG. 3. Tree depicting the four stages of measurement indic in Fig. 2. A andB indicate the party performing the measureme B0/1 indicates that the 0 and 1 outcomes are not distinguished. boldfaced numbers at the base of the tree indicate the states th inferred from this chain of measurements. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-probabilities-as-dempster-shafer-probabilities-in-1aj0btxo9t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-properties-of-the-lower-and-upper-probabilities-in-29dtux08.png TABLE I: Properties of the lower and upper probabilities in the Dempster-Shafer theory, and also of the Kolmogorov probabilities. A,B are subsets of Ω. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-hilbert-spaces-in-the-boolean-algebra-ba-within-1aruy1w0.png TABLE II: The Hilbert spaces in the Boolean algebra BA within L[H(4)], and the corresponding projectors. The I = H(4) and O also belong to BA. The general vector that belongs to each of these spaces is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-probabilities-for-the-outcome-of-the-measurements-a-2uc44z8m.png TABLE IV: Probabilities for the outcome of the measurements A,B,C,D, on a system of two spin 1/2 particles, in the state |s〉 of Eq.(61) The values of κ, λ are given in Eq.(68). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-the-hilbert-spaces-in-the-boolean-algebra-bb-os0fik41.png TABLE III: The Hilbert spaces in the Boolean algebra BB within L[H(4)], and the corresponding projectors. The I = H(4) and O also belong to BB . https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-simulation-of-the-spin-boson-model-with-a-microwave-1fi6xucfgw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-open-circuit-model-of-a-josephson-junction-yorhen97.png FIG. 9: Open-circuit model of a Josephson junction capacitively coupled to dissipative LC-resonator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effective-ohmic-spectral-density-with-three-different-vvaz1uyd.png FIG. 6: Effective ohmic spectral density with three different Kondo parameters α in the rotating frame at ω1/2π = 7 GHz. The impedance is constructed from N = 20 dissipative resonators with internal Q ≈ 2.2 × 103. A linear decrease in bath impedance Re[Z(ω)] is obtained here by reducing the coupling capacitance from 0.5 fF quadratically to zero (∼ 1− (i− 1)2/N2, where i is the number of the resonator), while increasing the inductance linearly (with i). Different couplings α correspond to different parallel capacitors C, such that C + Cint takes the values 70 fF (α = 1), √ 2 × 70 fF (α = 1/2), and 2 × 70 fF (α = 1/4). The used transmon parameters are ZJ = 200 Ω, β = 1/ √ 2 and resonator ZLC ≈ 113 Ω https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-lumped-element-model-of-the-resonator-bath-with-1l64embn.png FIG. 10: Lumped-element model of the resonator bath with additional parasitic couplings Cpi. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-qualitative-forms-of-the-impedance-re-z-o-and-spectral-1wp23lxw.png FIG. 4: Qualitative forms of the impedance Re[Z(ω)] and spectral density J(ω) of two different environments, one being ohmic in the laboratory frame (blue lines) and one being ohmic in the rotating frame (red lines). For the same value of impedance at certain frequency ωq & ω1, Re[Z(ωq)] = R, the coupling parameter η = ∂J(ω)/∂ω can be essentially larger in the rotating frame. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-we-consider-constructing-the-bosonic-environment-from-czhegoan.png FIG. 5: We consider constructing the bosonic environment from multiple LCR resonators coupled capacitively to a superconducting qubit. Each resonator can be a superconducting lumped element LC resonator integrated with a resistive element R or, for example, a superconducting coplanar resonator with leakage to an open transmission line. The qubit itself contributes to the effective impedance through the interaction capacitance Cint, Eq. (41). The resonators are also assumed to be in parallel with an extra capacitor C, describing the coupling of the qubit antenna to ground. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-measurement-protocols-for-the-spin-boson-simulator-a-r3bhtdau.png FIG. 8: Measurement protocols for the spin-boson simulator. (a) Pulse sequence for preparing an eigenstate of σ̂z or σ̂x, with the qubit out of resonance with the bosonic bath, followed by interaction with the bath during time τ and readout. The qubit is tuned into the presence of the bosonic bath with a fast detuning pulse. Prior to dispersive qubit readout, we can rotate the qubit state in order to measure 〈σ̂z〉 or 〈σ̂x〉. (b) Schematic location of the drive frequencies ω1, ω2. The spectral location of the bosonic bath with individual mode frequencies ωi is schematically depicted in blue, indicating its spectral function S(ω). (c) Proposed pulse sequence for measuring P (t) including a bath initialization scheme. The qubit is initially prepared in an eigenstate of σ̂x via a π/2 rotation. At ti < t < 0, we initialize the bosonic bath via a strong bath drive of amplitude ΩR and frequency ω1. For t > 0, we set ΩR = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-a-model-of-a-transmon-qubit-connected-to-an-28bvyrjf.png FIG. 2: (a) A model of a transmon qubit connected to an impedance Z(ω). The charge Q on the island between the Josephson junction (crossed box) and the ground capacitor Cg is a conjugated variable to the phase across the Josephson junction, providing anharmonic energy levels and an effective two-level system. The impedance Z induces voltage fluctuations (V ) and dissipation. (b) The circuit that defines the spectral density, Eqs. (41-43) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-effect-of-parasitic-resonator-resonator-coupling-98kv3vxg.png FIG. 7: The effect of parasitic resonator-resonator coupling to the impedance of system in Fig. 6. Here p = Cp/C max i corresponds to the relative strength of the parasitic coupling, where Cp is the nearest-neighbor parasitic capacitance and Cmaxi = 0.5 fF is the maximal coupling between a resonator and qubit. The other parameters are as in Fig. 6 for α = 1. The curves have been separated by 0.04 GHz and the dashed lines correspond to the spectral densities with α = 1. We find that the low-frequency part of the impedance is practically unchanged when parasitic coupling is of the same magnitude or less than the (maximal) qubit-resonator coupling. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-probability-in-operant-conditioning-2ijw49xhoe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-state-space-with-the-applies-subspace-corresponding-14tqs2jj.png Figure 2: State space with the Applies subspace (corresponding to the question whether response applies outcome) and Positive-Negative basis vectors. The blue vertical line represents the projection of |Ψ on |Positive. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-simulation-of-topological-majorana-bound-states-and-2uzg17s6nm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-cnot-gate-built-on-two-pairs-a-and-b-of-19ycdovg.png FIG. 3. (Color online) CNOT gate built on two pairs (A and B) of the charge-qubit arrays is schematically shown. The zigzag path of Jordan-Wigner transformation and only the controllable couplings between the pairs A and B are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-upper-panel-two-charge-qubit-arrays-used-1z24m84d.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Upper panel: Two charge-qubit arrays used as a topological single qubit are schematically shown. The return path of Jordan-Wigner transformation is indicated by the line with arrows. The T-shaped junction formed by the spin-up array and an ancillary charge qubit CT can implement the braiding operation [3,6]. The controllable couplings between charge qubits at the ends of arrays are also shown. Lower panel: Controllable coupling circuit connecting C1,↑ and C1,↓. The inductive coupling is turned on (off) when the green (gray-shaded) superconducting switches (SS) are switched on (off) and the red (diagonally filled) ones off (on) at the same time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-upper-panel-charge-qubit-array-charge-qubits-are-2i832ck9.png FIG. 1. Upper panel: Charge-qubit array. Charge qubits are denoted as Ci, i = 1,2, . . . ,N and ex is the flux through each charge-qubit loop. Lower panel: Elements of a charge qubit. The superconducting island (denoted as a solid dot) is connected to two SQUID loops and biased by a gate voltage Vg through a gate capacitance Cg . The two SQUIDs, biased with the fluxes l and r , respectively, consist of Josephson junctions with same Josephson energy EJ and capacitance CJ . https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-stabilization-of-classically-unstable-plateau-nzgsqbfc7r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-anisotropic-triangular-lattice-b-three-1icco5ft.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) Anisotropic triangular lattice. (b) Three-sublattice planar structure as a function of the magnetic field. (c) Example of noncoplanar canted helix. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-magnetization-curves-of-the-spin-1-2-j1-1ouuhtoq.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Magnetization curves of the spin 1/2 J1-J2 model for different ratios J2/J1 obtained in the variational spin-wave approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-semiclassical-phase-diagram-for-the-spin-13w13izh.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Semiclassical phase diagram for the spin 1/2 J1-J2 Heisenberg model in magnetic field. The uuud structure is stabilized by fluctuations over a wide parameter range. Dashed lines correspond to the phase diagram for S = 1 and dotted lines to the classical phase boundaries. The shaded area represents schematically the gapped singlet phase for the spin-1/2 model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-phase-diagram-of-the-spin-1-2-anisotropic-2qf9wslk.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Phase diagram of the spin-1/2 anisotropic triangular lattice in magnetic field. Y and V regions denote threesublattice planar states. The dashed line is the classical saturation field. The gray shading denotes regions where phases other than the canted helical states may be expected. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-statistical-transport-phenomena-in-memristive-2w7vnx03id 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-modeling-the-population-of-in-gap-states-and-their-hp5oyfow.png FIG. 6. Modeling the population of in-gap states and their localization. The lines plot the density of states as a function of disorder strength W and the dots represent the Gini coefficient: (a) a single-band model; (b) **HERE** an arbitrarily gapped two-band model; (c) the density-functional result for a 50-band 197-unit supercell of Nb2O5.W specifies the width of the box distribution in electronvolts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mobility-edge-switching-and-hysteresis-with-dynamic-163rj2va.png FIG. 3. Mobility edge switching and hysteresis with dynamic disorder. (a) The electronic structure: the density of states for amorphous stoichiometric (a-Nb2O5) and off-stoichiometric (Nb2O4.875) niobium oxide. Oxygen deficiency draws out the conduction band and shifts the chemical potential by approximately 1 eV. The shading indicates a region of strong localization and the region integrated to produce the isodensity surface, shown as an inset in part (c) in the rightmost panel. (b) Simulated conductance with dynamic disorder. By assuming a greater vacancy transport (disorder potential redistribution), a single operating bias can have multiple conductance states. Each point is averaged over five disorder realizations with W = 3 eV. The dotted line is a guide to the eye. (c) The annular memdiode-device I -V character. The inset shows the 0.1e−/Å 3 isodensity surface, demonstrating the stochastic landscape for electrons in establishing a current. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-quantification-of-the-in-gap-contribution-to-the-16858bkr.png FIG. 5. The quantification of the in-gap contribution to the conductivity. The dotted lines plot the finite-size Kubo conductivity as a function of the energy at 300 K in (a) a single-band model, (b) the two-band model, and (c) the first-principles DFT Nb2O5. The solid lines show the density of states on the same dependent axis with a globally arbitrary, but internally relative, vertical scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-characterization-of-a-dynamic-distribution-of-3upbrjbp.png FIG. 4. The characterization of a dynamic distribution of disorder. The plot shows that the probability distribution of having a defect is dependent on the ionic velocity v. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-relation-between-device-level-variance-and-circuit-2no52b9c.png FIG. 1. The relation between device-level variance and circuit-level performance. (a) The circuit-level crossbar architecture with 1-bit word-line drivers and higher-precision ADCs with a NMOS transistor and memristor. In this circuit, the word line (WL) and select line (SL) are set to a high voltage and the resulting current along the bit line (BL) is the result of the read operation. (b) The stack architecture of filamentary memristors set length scale at the device level. (c) A quantum-level description of the mechanism. The set and reset operations generate dynamic potentials for electrons. When the filament is fully formed, a high-transmission-probability path exists. (d) The measured and simulated conductance fluctuations for HfOx, showing a log-normal character indicative of phasecoherent localization. (e) The effect of variance on the readout performance. The left and right panels show the total normalized conductance of four (left) and eight (right) devices with 5%, 10%, and 20% variance. The black vertical lines represent ADC regions set by conductance difference between on and off state devices (Gon − Goff). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimentally-measured-distributions-of-hfox-9f2hvws2.png FIG. 2. Experimentally measured distributions of HfOx memristors. The plot shows conductance distributions on different substrates and in both high- and low-resistance states: (a) glass LRS; (b) glass HRS; (c) silicon LRS; (d) silicon HRS. The data show that over many devices and multiple measurements, a clear statistical distribution emerges that shows log-normal behavior in the conductance, a hallmark of phase-coherent transport. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-state-comparison-amplifier-with-feedforward-state-3srp3rm7z4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-success-probability-fidelity-product-as-a-function-2i9stf69.png Figure 3. Success probability-fidelity product as a function of the input mean photon number for various values of the gain g2 for the SCAMP with feedforward state correction. Solid lines (dashed) correspond to a detection efficiency of 1 (0.4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematics-for-the-optimal-usd-based-amplifier-for-t3ox5x7n.png Figure 4. Schematics for the optimal USD-based amplifier for two states. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-success-probability-fidelity-product-as-a-function-1v67hx66.png Figure 5. Success probability-fidelity product as a function of the input mean photon number for various values of the gain g2 for the USD plus coin-flip. Solid lines (dashed) correspond to a detection efficiency of 1 (0.4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-state-comparison-amplifier-bob-attempts-to-2noh1i2l.png Figure 1. The state comparison amplifier. Bob attempts to achieve destructive interference in the output arm that is fed into the detector D1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-percentage-advantage-of-the-feed-forward-scamp-with-1buhx9vh.png Figure 6. Percentage advantage of the feed-forward SCAMP with respect to the USD plus coin-flip as a function of the input mean photon number for various values of the gain g2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-of-the-state-comparison-amplifier-with-lmyv5zju.png Figure 2. Schematic of the state comparison amplifier with state correction. Bob attempts to achieve destructive interference in both the output arms which are fed into the detectors. This time, if the first detector fires, he can still correct the output by suitably changing the input state of the second comparison stage via the amplitude and phase modulator (in this case the outcome of the second detector is disregarded). https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-system-bath-dynamics-with-quantum-superposition-bnw1ygyywk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-the-population-difference-for-original-33ha621i.png FIG. 2. Comparison of the population difference for original MCEv2 simulation with those for MCEv2 using quantum superposition sampling both using swarmtype basis set generation and the spin-boson parameters, ωc/∆ = 7.5, αK = 0.1, β∆ = 5.0, and ε/∆ = 1.0 with M = 50 degrees of freedom. Simulation with no QSS used Nbf = 200 basis functions (dashed), and with QSS used Nbf = 100 (dasheddotted-dotted), and Nbf = 1000 (solid) basis functions. For all simulations, the number of repetitions Nrpt = 128. These population differences are also compared against those from MCTDH simulations (dashed-dotted).29,30 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-mcev2-with-and-without-quantum-2gpdg0u5.png FIG. 6. Comparison of MCEv2 with and without quantum superposition sampling against a benchmark MCTDH calculation for the case of the spin-boson model with the parameters αK = 1.5, β∆ = 1000.0 (to estimate β∆→∞), ωc/∆ = 10.0, and ε/∆ = 0 with M = 500 frequencies used to discretize the bath. The simulation with no QSS (dashed line) used the basis set of Nbf = 200. The QSS basis set (solid line) uses Nbf = 400 basis functions arranged into 20 trains, each 20 basis functions separated by 18 time steps. The number of repetitions is Nrpt = 50. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-the-population-differences-for-tunneling-26v1pmwc.png FIG. 7. Comparison of the population differences for tunneling between a pair of low temperature symmetric wells with fairly strong system/bath coupling using MCEv2 with and without QSS, and these are then compared to a MCTDH benchmark calculation (dashed-dotted).29 The parameters of the spin-boson model are ωc/∆ = 7.5, αK = 0.6, β∆ = 5.0, and ε/∆ = 0 with M = 60 frequencies used to discretize the bath. For the simulation with no QSS used Nbf = 200 basis functions (dashed), and the simulations with QSS used Nbf = 200 (short dash) and Nbf = 1000 (solid) basis functions. The number of repetitions is Nrpt = 128 for all simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-mcev2-with-and-without-quantum-cxdim8rz.png FIG. 5. Comparison of MCEv2 with and without quantum superposition sampling (solid and dashed lines, respectively) against a benchmark MCTDH calculation for the case of the spin-boson model with the parameters αK = 1.5, β∆ = 1000.0 (to estimate β∆→∞), ωc/∆ = 10.0, and ε/∆ = 0 with M = 500 frequencies used to discretize the bath. Nbf = 200 basis functions and Nrpt = 50 repeats were used for all simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-the-population-difference-for-mcev2-3tthakga.png FIG. 3. Comparison of the population difference for MCEv2 swarm-type basis set simulation without QSS with those for cloned MCEv2 using quantum superposition sampling using swarm-type basis set generation for the spin-boson model with the parameters ωc/∆ = 7.5, αK = 0.1, β∆ = 5.0, and ε/∆ = 1.0 with M = 50 bath degrees of freedom. Simulation with no QSS used Nbf = 200 basis functions (dashed), and with QSS used Nbf = 100 basis functions and Ncln = 14 clones (solid). The number of repetitions is Nrpt = 128 for both simulations. These are also compared against those from MCTDH simulations (dashed-dotted).29,30 https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-theory-of-light-scattering-in-a-one-dimensional-4qrvzsuu5t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-evolution-of-the-mollow-triplet-from-1mgrg7wt.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Evolution of the Mollow triplet (from bottom to top) with increasing time T = 0.01 , 0.05 , 0.1 , 1 , 10 for the parameters r = 10 and δ = 0. For T = 10 (top green curve) it is already indistinguishable from the stationary shape given by Eq. (112). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-our-system-consists-of-a-two-level-1htwrc9y.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Our system consists of a two-level emitter coupled to a waveguide (transmission line) at x = 0. The sketch shows spatial snapshots of the wave-packet propagation. The coherent initial pulse |α0〉 of the length L (shown in pink with dashed contour) is injected at time t = −t0 and the point x = −t0. At time t = 0 its front hits the scatterer. The scattered pulse (shown in blue with solid contour) leaves the scattering region and after time t0 its front reaches a detector located at x = t0. At time t = t0 + T the detector starts counting photons, which lasts during the time interval τ . It is assumed that t0 L > τ . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-functions-r-t-dot-dashed-blue-curve-c-t-v7pevf0p.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Functions R(τ ) (dot-dashed blue curve), C(τ ) (dashed green curve), M(τ ) (solid red curve), and N (τ ) (dotted black curve) for δ = 0 and r = √ 2 . At large τ they all saturate at the value 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-probability-distributions-pr-n-dark-1rg7gvg7.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Probability distributions pr (n) (dark yellow diamonds) and pl(n) (magenta squares) calculated on the basis of Eq. (90) for δ = 0, r = √ 2 , and 〈Nr〉 = 〈Nl〉 = τ4 = 50. Blue circles indicate the Poissonian distribution with the same mean value. Solid lines correspond to the Gaussian approximations e−(n−〈Nr 〉)2/2〈Nr 〉(1+Qr )√ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-entanglement-entropy-s-as-a-function-of-1s9hmnu1.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Entanglement entropy S as a function of the subsystem size τ for T → ∞ (black upper curve) and T = 0 (blue lower curve); the detuning δ = 0 and the Rabi frequency r = 4 are the same for both curves. The horizontal lines indicate the limiting values ln 4 (upper line) and ln 2 (lower line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-same-quantities-as-in-fig-4-for-the-haewmyy3.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Same quantities as in Fig. 4 for the different Rabi frequency r = 10 . https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-well-laser-diodes-with-slightly-doped-tunnel-5e816im7c1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagrams-of-a-conventional-ld-b-tj-ld-and-c-2kstozst.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagrams of (a) conventional LD, (b) TJ LD and (c) Slightly-doped TJ structure used in this study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-i-v-characteristics-measured-from-the-two-fabricated-25z3kn1n.png Fig. 2. I-V characteristics measured from the two fabricated LDs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-inverse-slope-efficiency-1-nd-versus-laser-length-l-as-271kdvf2.png Fig. 4. Inverse slope efficiency 1/ƞd versus laser length L as measured. Linear regression results are given as lines together with the parameters of (1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-el-spectra-measured-from-a-conventional-ld-b-tj-ld-3qh08162.png Fig. 5. EL spectra measured from (a) conventional LD, (b) TJ LD https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-l-i-characteristics-measured-from-the-two-fabricated-9il39h5k.png Fig. 3. L-I characteristics measured from the two fabricated LDs https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-to-classical-rate-distortion-coding-19r3v4iy3h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-plot-of-compression-rate-vs-distortion-for-the-3dm1496m.png FIG. 2. A plot of compression rate vs. distortion for the quantum information source ρ given by (31) and the rate distortion observable given by (32). It was obtained by randomly sampling 250 000 two-outcome POVMs, and (for those POVMs which satisfy the distortion criterion D ≤ 1/4) plotting the mutual information I(X; R)σ for the resulting state σRX (defined by (16)) against the corresponding value of the distortion. The boundary of the shaded region defines the rate-distortion trade-off curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-most-general-protocol-for-quantum-to-classical-b9nol51k.png FIG. 1. The most general protocol for quantum-to-classical rate-distortion coding. Alice has many copies of the quantum information source, on which she performs a collective measurement with classical output L. She sends the variable L over noiseless classical bit channels to Bob. Bob then performs a classical decoding map on L that outputs the classical sequence Xn. The average deviation of this sequence from the quantum source, according to some distortion observable, provides a measure of the distortion caused by this protocol. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-most-general-protocol-for-quantum-to-classical-3vsm6djm.png FIG. 3. The most general protocol for quantum-to-classical rate-distortion coding with quantum side information. Alice and Bob share many copies of a quantum state ρAB, which is purified by an inaccessible reference system. We also allow them access to common randomness M before the protocol begins. Alice first performs a collective measurement on her systems, producing a classical output L. She then transmits L over noiseless classical bit channels to Bob. Bob performs a collective measurement on his quantum systems, depending on what he receives from Alice and his share of the common randomness. This measurement produces a classical sequence Xn and has quantum outputs as well. The protocol is deemed successful if the classical sequence Xn is not distorted on average from the quantum source more than a specified amount according to a suitable distortion observable. We also demand that the disturbance caused by the protocol to the joint state of the reference and Bob’s systems is asymptotically negligible. This in turn implies that quantum side information suffers a negligible disturbance and hence is available to Bob for future use. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-zeno-effect-induced-by-quantum-nondemolition-3dik602ol9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-schematic-experimental-arrangement-is-shown-for-28elk444.png FIG. 2. The schematic experimental arrangement is shown for the Jaynes-Cummings two-level atom system (a), and for the two-mode frequency converter system (b). In (a) the two-level atom is tuned to the cavity mode b In (b). the cavity supports two modes u and b interacting through a second-order susceptibility so as to be configured as a parametric frequency converter (shown as FC). In both systems https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-we-compare-the-rate-of-decay-of-the-snstial-state-kwtefzqp.png FIG. 5. We compare the rate of decay of the snstial-state occupancy probability for three systems with (a) N, = 2, (b) N, = 10, and (c) N, = 15 and for the value I' = 2r. In this lot all oscillations have ceased, and t e p po ulations exhibit a smooth exponential decay to their respective long-time value https://scispace.com/papers/quartz-crystal-microbalance-as-a-device-to-measure-the-yield-3rhvjdog5f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-apparent-differential-loss-tangent-dg-df-as-a-2sav26dh.png Figure 5. Apparent differential loss tangent (ΔΓ/ΔF) as a function of sample aging, suggesting the occurrence of a 2-stage aging process (sample: Versamag A). https://scispace.com/papers/quartz-crystal-microbalance-assay-of-clinical-calcinosis-ue84mzg8tt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-600-dpi-3icg8hdz.png Figure 3 @ 600 dpi https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-600-dpi-1mba9b9u.png Figure 4 @ 600 dpi https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-600-dpi-2fi03uer.png Figure 5 @ 600 dpi https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-600-dpi-1e69u79w.png Figure 1 @ 600 dpi https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-advantages-and-limitations-of-qcm-and-pdt-3v5ietxo.png Table 1. Key advantages and limitations of QCM and PDT methods in assaying effectiveness chemicals to dissolve HAp. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-600-dpi-2oo2l6ls.png Figure 6 @ 600 dpi https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-600-dpi-1kyz52xh.png Figure 2 @ 600 dpi https://scispace.com/papers/quartz-osl-dating-of-late-quaternary-chinese-and-serbian-fprxvu8yr0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-depth-information-sample-codes-dry-alpha-1r25ivxl.png Table 3. Summary of depth information, sample codes, dry alpha, beta and gamma dose rates, radionuclide concentrations, total dose rates, weighted mean De values and luminescence ages for the Lingtai section. Grain size range of quartz extract was 4-11 µm for all samples. n represents the number of aliquots. Error terms are given as 1 standard error. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-position-of-unit-boundaries-and-thickness-of-34c1q2bg.png Table 1. Position of unit boundaries and thickness of stratigraphic units at the Veliki Surduk coring site and the Lingtai section. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-depth-information-sample-codes-dry-beta-2nara0f1.png Table 2. Summary of depth information, sample codes, dry beta and gamma dose rates, radionuclide activities, total dose rates, weighted mean De values and luminescence ages for the Titel samples. The grain size range of extracted quartz was 63-90 µm for all samples except for samples 168110, 168117, 168121 and 168122 (40-63 µm). n represents the number of aliquots. Error terms are given as 1 standard error. https://scispace.com/papers/quartz-tube-extensometer-for-observation-of-earth-tides-and-3ua52u9h21 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-results-of-the-coherence-analysis-22wfejjm.png Fig. 8. Results of the coherence analysis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-principle-of-the-in-situ-portable-calibrator-apparatus-uxmikt3q.png Fig. 5. Principle of the in situ (portable) calibrator apparatus https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-frequency-response-function-of-the-extensometer-2vwqshkv.png Fig. 6. Frequency-response function of the extensometer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-block-diagram-of-the-tidal-evaluation-of-extensometric-26fr1asy.png Fig. 7. Block diagram of the tidal evaluation of extensometric data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-joint-a-and-suspension-b-of-the-tube-2wofqd01.png Fig. 1. Joint (a) and suspension (b) of the tube https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ground-plan-and-the-site-lower-right-hand-corner-of-1o3axxe5.png Fig. 4. Ground plan and the site (lower right hand corner) of the Sopronbánfalva Geodynamic Observatory https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-block-diagram-of-the-capacitive-sensor-n2tkz19p.png Fig. 3. Block diagram of the capacitive sensor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-construction-of-the-extensometer-8t9ijj74.png Fig. 2. Construction of the extensometer https://scispace.com/papers/quasar-viscosity-crisis-bc35p3h1wy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-extreme-variability-in-agn-a-variations-in-the-near-uv-2m4f62c4.png Fig. 1 | extreme variability in aGN. a, Variations in the near-UV brightness (flux per unit wavelength, Fλ) in NGC 5548 at three different wavelengths, showing the short timescale, the simultaneity at different wavelengths, and the differing amplitude at different wavelengths, all three of which are serious problems https://scispace.com/papers/quasi-ab-initio-dynamics-a-test-trajectory-study-of-the-h-h2-25qzxyz44n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-summary-of-the-trajectory-calculations-152990nx.png Table 1 A summary of the trajectory calculations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summarizes-the-trajectory-results-at-various-stages-3valjfcu.png Table 1 A summary of the trajectory calculations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-flowchart-of-the-subprogram-which-performs-the-6skclmhe.png Fig. 2. Flowchart of the subprogram which performs the calculation of the energies and gradients used in the trajectory calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-total-energy-vs-time-plot-for-the-on-the-fly-dbggq8rj.png Fig. 4. Total energy vs. time plot for the ‘on-the-fly’ trajectory shown in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distance-vs-time-plot-for-a-typical-on-the-fly-hqh-36ob10s0.png Fig. 3. Distance vs. time plot for a typical ‘on-the-fly’ HqH reactive trajectory run using the DMBE-SEC energies and gradients. Distinct2 lines are used to indicate the three interatomic distances. https://scispace.com/papers/quasi-constant-volume-qcv-spark-ignition-combustion-2bok90sfgq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-conventional-constant-and-variable-sinusoidal-crank-33r3t8yv.png Figure 5: Conventional constant and variable sinusoidal crank velocity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cylinder-volume-at-normalized-cycle-time-with-2zcadsek.png Figure 6: Cylinder volume at normalized cycle time with conventional and QCV cycles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-motor-current-drift-at-varying-operation-1mdqk6rz.png Figure 7: Motor current drift at varying operation temperature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-corrected-motor-current-at-varying-operation-17ecglsk.png Figure 8: Corrected motor current at varying operation temperature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-spark-ignition-advance-optimisation-constant-speed-3ngr833p.png Figure 9 Spark ignition advance optimisation (constant speed) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-evaluation-of-cycle-corrected-current-at-each-engine-1cbfc8s8.png Table 2 Evaluation of cycle corrected current at each engine stroke (Amps) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-motored-and-fired-crank-speed-and-motor-current-of-9jlldo2j.png Figure 15: Motored and fired crank speed and motor current of QCV cycle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-p-v-diagram-2kf1b3u3.png Figure 1: Typical P-V diagram https://scispace.com/papers/quasi-birth-and-death-processes-with-restricted-transitions-3xsu08f6ux 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-computation-times-sec-for-the-overflow-queue-with-c-3opt95di.png Figure 1: Computation times (sec) for the overflow queue with C = 50 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-computation-times-sec-for-the-wireless-relay-node-3osgx9r7.png Table 6: Computation times (sec) for the wireless relay node - Case 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-computation-times-sec-for-the-wireless-relay-node-a9hzftun.png Table 5: Computation times (sec) for the wireless relay node - Case 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-computation-times-sec-for-the-map-ph-1-queue-18351ttx.png Table 3: Computation times (sec) for the MAP/PH/1 queue https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-computation-times-sec-for-the-priority-queue-with-g-1afsirj2.png Table 2: Computation times (sec) for the priority queue with γ = 0.9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-computation-times-sec-for-the-overflow-queue-with-c-3sy3c161.png Table 4: Computation times (sec) for the overflow queue with C = 100 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computation-times-sec-for-the-priority-queue-with-g-2we0s8wx.png Table 1: Computation times (sec) for the priority queue with γ = 0 https://scispace.com/papers/quasi-elliptic-dual-band-planar-bpf-with-high-selectivity-1jzz4g2kuq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-effect-on-the-filters-first-and-second-transmission-m0digjmh.png Fig. 4 (a) Effect on the filter’s first and second transmission zeros, and second even resonant frequency as a function of open stub length La, and (b) Effect on the filter’s transmission zeros, even and odd resonant frequencies as a function of open stub length La1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-normalized-dimensions-of-the-dual-band-bpf-j2fw22ia.png TABLE I NORMALIZED DIMENSIONS OF THE DUAL BAND BPF https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-effect-on-the-filter-transmission-zeros-and-even-and-3s85c3pn.png Fig. 8. (a) Effect on the filter transmission zeros and even and odd resonant frequencies as a function of resonator length (L7), and (b) Frequency response of the proposed filter as a function of feedline coupling gap (S3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-out-of-band-rejection-as-a-function-of-interdigital-yxu7b0h2.png Fig. 7. (a) Out-of-band rejection as a function of interdigital coupled feed length Lb3, and (b) Effect on the filter transmission zeros and even and odd resonant frequencies as a function of resonator length (L1) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-solution-of-resonance-frequency-ratio-of-higher-2iqo6b7f.png Fig. 3. (a) Solution of resonance frequency ratio of higher order modes relative to the fundamental frequency as a function of 𝜃1 and k for a stub length of 120o, and (b) Resonance frequency ratio as a function of 𝜃1 for different stub lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-microstrip-structure-of-the-stub-loaded-resonator-296dizzg.png Fig. 2. Microstrip structure of the stub-loaded resonator https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-measured-insertion-loss-return-loss-response-of-the-14x4364s.png Fig. 10. Measured insertion-loss & return-loss response of the proposed dualmode BPF. (Dot and dash lines are simulation results.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-performance-comparison-with-recently-published-dual-1i7h4az3.png TABLE II PERFORMANCE COMPARISON WITH RECENTLY PUBLISHED DUAL BAND BPFS https://scispace.com/papers/quarkonium-cross-sections-and-polarizations-in-pp-collisions-4zg368pu99 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-j-ps-and-ps-2s-rapidity-integrated-cross-sections-36klv28q.png Figure 1: J/ψ and ψ(2S) rapidity-integrated cross sections. The CMS measurements (blue circles) are compared to those from ATLAS (red squares). The green band represents a global fit to previous Ψ(2S) measurements [4]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-frame-independent-l-parameter-for-the-u-ns-21597g21.png Figure 5: The frame-independent λ̃ parameter for the Υ(nS), versus charged particle multiplicity [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-three-frame-dependent-l-parameters-in-the-hx-uzwyb1yk.png Figure 4: The three frame-dependent λ parameters, in the HX reference frame, for the Υ(1S) [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ps-ns-polarizations-from-various-lhc-experiments-10-3rbsxe0t.png Figure 3: ψ(nS) polarizations from various LHC experiments [10]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-u-ns-pt-differential-cross-sections-measurement-zj0u7o4t.png Figure 2: The Υ(nS) pT-differential cross sections measurement with the 2011 dataset (black circles), compared to previous CMS measurements (blue bands) and a theory calculation [5]. https://scispace.com/papers/quasi-experimental-evidence-on-short-and-long-term-53bvtrh8jc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-1uuj19g2.png Figure 1. Flow chart https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-multilevel-random-effects-model-for-academic-fplr0fpv.png Figure 4. Multilevel random effects model for academic difficulties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-multilevel-random-effects-model-for-externalizing-43uapxqa.png Figure 3. Multilevel random effects model for externalizing symptoms https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-quasi-experimental-studies-investigating-33m9g1xw.png Table 1. Quasi-Experimental studies investigating developmental outcome of bullying victimization https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-three-level-random-effects-models-effects-of-2dvpxh0e.png Table 2. Three-level random effects models: Effects of victimization on outcome https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-multilevel-random-effects-model-for-internalizing-hfybiq3g.png Figure 2. Multilevel random effects model for internalizing symptoms https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-moderator-analysis-sources-of-heterogeneity-31gmozlt.png Table 3. Moderator analysis: sources of heterogeneity https://scispace.com/papers/quasi-free-standing-single-layer-ws-2-achieved-by-2pm53e8jba 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-room-temperature-leed-measurements-acquired-with-an-1tydxhaa.png FIG. 2. Room-temperature LEED measurements, acquired with an electron kinetic energy of 64 eV, of SL WS2 on Ag(111) before (a) and after (b) exposure to Bi. The center insets serve to highlight the diminished intensity of the moiré satellite spots in (b). (c) Diffracted intensity along radial cuts indicated by the lines of corresponding color in (a) and (b) and fits to the intensity (black lines), with the fit components indicated in grey. (d) LEED pattern from panel (b) with an indication of the diffraction spots’s origin: Ag(111) (green), WS2 (blue), and Bi (brown). (e) A structural model of Bi intercalated SL WS2 on Ag(111) from both top and side perspectives. The unit cells and lattice parameters (extracted from the LEED data) are indicated on the appropriate layer in the top view. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-angle-resolved-photoemission-spectra-measured-with-30-28xsu8fy.png FIG. 1. Angle-resolved photoemission spectra measured with 30 eV photons of (a) SL WS2 on Ag(111) and (b) SL WS2 on Ag(111) exposed to Bi. The red dashed lines overlaid on the experimental data show the calculated free-standing SL WS2 band dispersion from Ref. [13]. In each case, the dashed lines are aligned with the experimental global valence band maximum, situated at K̄ . The yellow solid lines correspond to fits to the experimental data. The dashed magenta lines denote the limits of the projected bulk band gap. The contrast in the upper part of the spectra, demarcated by the blue solid lines, has been increased to make fainter features visible, in particular the intensity observed near the Q̄ point in (a). (c) Same as (b) but acquired with a photon energy of 28 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-stm-image-showing-two-different-regions-of-the-1qega7yl.png FIG. 3. (a) STM image showing two different regions of the surface separated by the yellow dotted line. The upper region possesses a hexagonal moiré pattern highlighted by the dashed blue circles, which is consistent with the moiré expected for SL WS2 on Ag(111). In the lower region, the hexagonal moiré is absent. The additional features, i.e., dark depressions and thin irregular-shaped lines, are attributed to defects and domain boundaries and are typical topographic characteristics of the SL WS2 epitaxially grown on Ag(111). Image parameters: VB = 1214 mV, It = 0.220 nA, 300 Å × 140 Å. (b) STM image and corresponding FFT showing a rectangular lattice structure consistent with previous observations of the (p ×√3) Bi adlayer on Ag(111) [42]. The extra spots highlighted by the green dashed circles in the FFT pattern arise from the one-dimensional stripes. Image parameters: VB = 175 mV, It = 1.140 nA, 50 Å × 50 Å (STM), and 10 Å−1 × 10 Å−1 (FFT). (c) Atomic-resolution STM image and FFT of the upper region of panel (a). Image parameters: VB = 94 mV, It = 1.570 nA, 30 Å × 30 Å (STM), and 12 Å −1 × 12 Å−1 (FFT). (d) Atomic-resolution STM image and FFT of the lower region of panel (a). Image parameters: VB = 1214 mV, It = 1.110 nA, 30 Å × 30 Å (STM), and 12 Å−1 × 12 Å−1 (FFT). https://scispace.com/papers/quasi-normal-modes-of-d3-brane-black-holes-vz4e7pps08 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-one-loop-self-energy-for-the-dilaton-straight-and-2g8ml8wi.png FIG. 1. The one-loop self-energy for the dilaton. Straight and wavy lines represent the propagating dilaton and photon, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/quasi-static-models-based-on-artificial-neural-neworks-for-wtw4vxsuhb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-comparison-of-the-quasi-static-analysis-results-3pnufjtf.png Figure 5. The comparison of the quasi-static analysis results and ANN results for CCPW with three dielectric layers as a function of the shape factor S/G and the ratio of G/h1 (εr1 = 12.9, εr2 = εr3 = 10, h1 = 762µm, and h2 = h3 = 500µm): (a) effective permittivity; (b) characteristic impedance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-neural-network-architectures-for-multilayer-ccpw-1it035ae.png Figure 2. Neural network architectures for multilayer CCPW and CCPS: (a) neural model for multilayer CCPW; (b) neural model for multilayer CCPS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-comparison-of-the-quasi-static-analysis-results-fbkzs7mm.png Figure 4. The comparison of the quasi-static analysis results and ANN results for CCPW with two dielectric layers as a function of the shape factor S/G and the ratio of G/h1 (εr1 = 12.9, εr2 = 1, εr3 = 10, h1 = 762µm and h3 = 635µm): (a) effective permittivity; (b) characteristic impedance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-comparison-of-the-quasi-static-analysis-results-29aiumx8.png Figure 7. The comparison of the quasi-static analysis results and ANN results for CCPS with two dielectric layers as a function of the shape ratio S/G for different values of G/h1 (εr1 = 12.9, εr2 = 1, εr3 = 10, h1 = 762µm and h3 = 500µm): (a) effective permittivity; (b) characteristic impedance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-comparison-of-the-quasi-static-analysis-results-37vqnrk0.png Figure 3. The comparison of the quasi-static analysis results and ANN results for CCPW with a single dielectric layer as a function of the shape factor S/G and the ratio of G/h1 (εr1 = 12.9, εr2 = εr3 = 1 and h1 = 762µm): (a) effective permittivity; (b) characteristic impedance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cross-sections-of-multilayer-ccpw-and-ccps-a-l9af2bpg.png Figure 1. Cross sections of multilayer CCPW and CCPS: (a) multilayer CCPW; (b) multilayer CCPS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-comparison-of-the-quasi-static-analysis-results-mobh36pm.png Figure 8. The comparison of the quasi-static analysis results and ANN results for CCPS with a single dielectric layer as a function of the shape ratio S/G for different values of G/h1 (εr1 = 12.9, εr2 = εr3 = 1 and h1 = 762µm): (a) effective permittivity; (b) characteristic impedance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-training-and-test-rms-errors-of-the-neural-models-nb6xmhwc.png Table 1. Training and test RMS errors of the neural models for multilayer CCPW. https://scispace.com/papers/quasi-one-and-two-dimensional-transitions-of-gases-adsorbed-1gowbewtxd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-model-nanotube-bundle-possessing-37-tubes-and-18-27jzau1v.png FIG. 1. A model nanotube bundle possessing 37 tubes and 18 external grooves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-depiction-of-one-unit-cell-of-the-one-dimensionally-1l3zrbsq.png FIG. 2. Depiction of one unit cell of the one-dimensionally periodic line of nanotubes assumed in the simulations. The contours correspond to constant potential energy valuesV/eArC5225, 220, 215, 210, 25, 21 from darker to lighter. The dashed lines correspond to the cylindrical nanotube surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-adsorption-isotherms-for-kr-at-several-temperatures-1f80wu0z.png FIG. 5. Adsorption isotherms for Kr at several temperatures indicated in the legend. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-potential-energies-of-ar-atoms-located-in-the-1zqbv8bt.png TABLE III. Potential energies of Ar atoms located in the central channel~1! and the following channels numbered from the center to the right@see Fig. 4~b!#. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-characteristic-well-depths-of-ar-kr-and-ne-in-the-3s2ibw6r.png TABLE II. Characteristic well depths of Ar, Kr, and Ne in the external surface~ext!, the interstitial channel~IC!, inside the nanotubes~NT!, and on flat graphite~gr!.a https://scispace.com/papers/quasi-phase-matched-generation-of-coherent-extreme-y44n3kpijk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-experimentally-measured-hhg-spectra-log-scale-from-ptnmptdw.png Figure 4 Experimentally measured HHG spectra (log scale) from He for three different periodicities of the modulated fibres, each 2.5 cm in length. Blue, 1 mm periodicity (L); red, 0.75 mm periodicity; green, 0.5 mm periodicity. All spectra were taken through two 0.2-mm zirconium filters, which rejected the laser light. The gas pressure was 111 torr, and the laser intensity was about 5 £ 1014 W cm22. The different curves were taken at different positions of the EUV grating in the EUV spectrometer, owing to the finite spectral region that can be captured simultaneously on the CCD. Therefore, the cut-off at low https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-experimentally-measured-hhg-spectra-from-ar-for-2c8q7r22.png Figure 3 Experimentally measured HHG spectra from Ar for straight (blue) and modulated (red) fibres, at lower intensities than Fig. 2c, and at a pressure of 25 torr. In this case, the modulated section was 1 cm in length, with 1 mm periodicity, placed in the centre of the fibre. Inset, Fourier transform of the HHG emission from the modulated fibre, predicting the generation of a 250-as pulse, provided that the phase is flat. The reason for the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimentally-measured-hhg-spectra-for-straight-2st5uej7.png Figure 2 Experimentally measured HHG spectra for straight (blue) and modulated (red) fibres. Data are shown for He gas (a), Ne gas (b) and Ar gas (c), at pressures of 150 torr, 47 torr and 45 torr, respectively. In this case, the modulated section was 1 cm in length, with 1 mm periodicity, placed near the end of the fibre. The measured flux (non-optimized) corresponds approximately to 1 nJ per harmonic per pulse for Ar, and 20 pJ per harmonic per pulse for He at repetition rates of 2 kHz. These numbers are expected to increase https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-modulated-hollow-core-fibres-used-to-implement-zuiuatmo.png Figure 1 Modulated hollow-core fibres used to implement quasi-phase matching in the EUV. a, Picture of hollow-core modulated fibre, b, Details of modulated fibre with https://scispace.com/papers/quasi-static-liquid-air-drainage-in-narrow-channels-with-584yclupmc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-perspective-view-of-a-sketch-of-the-experimental-1m1oo5mr.png Fig. 1. (a) Perspective view of a sketch of the experimental linear narrow channel. The air bubble is entering from one side of the channel, while the liquid is pumped out from the other side. (b) The same conventions for a quadratic narrow channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-lateral-view-of-the-bubble-shape-in-the-o-x-z-plane-3j6x4l9j.png Fig. 2. (a) Lateral view of the bubble shape in the (O,x, z) plane. The origin of coordinates is taken at the bubble tipO . (b) Top view of the bubble shape in the (O,x, y) plane where the bubble horizontal position is denoted y(x). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-numerical-computation-continuous-line-and-asymptotic-gyji4ham.png Fig. 3. Numerical computation (continuous line) and asymptotic prediction (dotted line) of the finger width y0(∞) normalised by the channel width ℓ. (a) Linear channel for which the asymptotic behaviour (21) is y0(∞)/ℓ = √ ǫπ/4. (b) Sinusoidal channel for which the asymptotic behaviour (30) is y0(∞)/ℓ= (3πǫ/16)1/3 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-between-numerical-computation-continuous-2dvxypp5.png Fig. 5. Comparison between numerical computation (continuous line) and experimental measurements (circles) of in-plane interface shape y(x). Each coordinate is expressed in millimetres. (a) Linear channels (filled circles) are associated with Ca= 10−4 . (b) Sinusoidal channels (open circles) are associated with Ca= 3× 10−5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-numerical-computation-of-in-plane-interface-shape-y0-x-23925yf2.png Fig. 4. Numerical computation of in-plane interface shape ỹ0(x) in continuous lines for two channels of aspect ratio ǫ = 10−2 . Dotted lines represent the inner asymptotic behaviour, dashed lines the exponential decay of the outer solution. (a) Linear channel; (b) sinusoidal channel. https://scispace.com/papers/quasi-two-dimensional-fermi-surface-topography-of-the-6nrfon2unp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-magnetic-torque-de-haas-van-alphen-signal-of-pdrho2-phueip19.png Figure 2. Magnetic torque de Haas-van Alphen signal of PdRhO2 at T 100mK. a) shows the magnetic eld dependence of the de Haas-van Alphen oscillations for a selection of magnetic eld angles within the Z L-plane. The data were background subtracted by a 2nd-order polynomial. A zoom of the high eld oscillations is shown in b). c) displays the Fourier transforms corresponding to the oscillations shown in a). Data have been multiplied and o set for clarity. The dashed line shows the 1= cos( )-angular dependence of the mean quantum oscillation frequency F for a 2D Fermi surface. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-experimentally-determined-cylindrical-harmonic-4p0wae2i.png Table I. Experimentally determined cylindrical harmonic expansion parameters of PdRhO2: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-graph-shows-the-angular-dependence-of-the-3jgcrdkf.png Figure 3. The graph shows the angular dependence of the quantum oscillation frequencies for magnetic eld angles within the crystallographic Z K-plane (a) and Z L-plane (b). Dark blue and violet symbols are data points taken on the same PdRhO2 single crystal, whereas light blue symbols originate from a second sample from the same growth batch. Black dashed lines correspond to the cylindrical harmonic expansion of best t. The associated harmonic parameters can be found in Tab. I. https://scispace.com/papers/quasiparticle-band-structure-effects-on-the-d-hole-lifetimes-3ld4j0vr7g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-theoretical-bandwidths-in-ev-and-band-energies-fo-2z63aoj6.png TABLE I. Theoretical bandwidths~in eV! and band energies fo copper, at high-symmetry points and for various iterations of GiW0 quasiparticle approximation~see text!. There is a striking agreement with the experiment at theG0W0 level ~Ref. 10!, but this worsens when the number of iterations~i! is increased, showing the potential importance of including also vertex corrections. The perimental values are taken from Ref. 19. https://scispace.com/papers/quaterthiophenes-with-terminal-indeno-1-2-b-thiophene-units-47tsyvs0m8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-x-ray-diffraction-diagrams-of-films-of-50-nm-1hzwaqzm.png FIGURE 4. X-ray diffraction diagrams of films of 50 nm thickness of 4T (top) and Oct-4T (bottom) on glass. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-normalized-absorption-and-photoluminescence-spectra-1hs7ef7x.png FIGURE 1. Normalized absorption and photoluminescence spectra of Oct-2T (dotted line), Oct-4T (dashed-dotted line), and Oct-6T (solid line) in CH2Cl2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optimized-structures-and-energy-levels-of-homo-and-12o816de.png FIGURE 2. Optimized structures and energy levels of HOMO and LUMO of FTTF and 4T. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-possible-structures-for-films-of-4t-top-and-oct-4t-bn85jy5g.png FIGURE 5. Possible structures for films of 4T (top) and Oct-4T (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-uv-vis-absorption-fluorescence-emission-and-cyclic-2hjm8564.png TABLE 1. UV-vis Absorption, Fluorescence Emission, and Cyclic Voltammetric Data for Oligothiophenes https://scispace.com/papers/quaternion-adaptive-line-enhancer-4fdp3h2nmi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-noisy-3-d-sinusoid-left-its-3-d-illustration-and-3b23ihu9.png Fig. 4: The noisy 3-D sinusoid; (left) its 3-D illustration and (right) its variation along each axis; SNR=5 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-shifted-along-the-3-d-signal-trajectory-noisy-3-d-3hk13crl.png Fig. 5: Shifted, along the 3-D signal trajectory, noisy 3-D sinusoid of Fig. 4; (left) its 3-D illustration and (right) its variation along each axis; SNR=5 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-block-diagram-of-the-proposed-qale-32kaohhd.png Fig. 3: Block diagram of the proposed QALE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-noise-free-3-d-sinusoid-left-its-3-d-illustration-3e37yboc.png Fig. 2: The noise free 3-D sinusoid; (left) its 3-D illustration and (right) its variation along each axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-between-the-performances-of-ale-and-qale-th90zgmg.png Fig. 8: Comparison between the performances of ALE and QALE. For ALE, we considered the signal changes in the y direction only. This performance therefore varies depending on which direction and how many cycles the signal is shifted through that direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-result-of-applying-the-proposed-qale-to-the-3-d-1uen5u81.png Fig. 6: The result of applying the proposed QALE to the 3-D signal of Fig. 4 and its comparison with the noise-free signals of Fig. 2; (left) 3-D illustration and (right) variation along each axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-result-of-applying-the-traditional-ale-to-the-2lb3e88e.png Fig. 7: The result of applying the traditional ALE to the simulated signals in y direction; (a) noisy input, (b) the shifted signal, and (c) the ALE output. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-single-channel-one-dimensional-traditional-adaptive-1t76ufwr.png Fig. 1: A single channel (one dimensional traditional) adaptive line enhancer. https://scispace.com/papers/quasiuniversal-properties-of-neutron-star-mergers-5e9gek35q1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-gw-frequency-left-and-binding-energy-right-versus-the-mfm1mxry.png FIG. 1: GW frequency (left) and binding energy (right) versus the coupling constant κT2 for equal-masses, irrotational mergers. Main panels: Circles refer to EOB quantities computed at either the adiabatic LSO (2MΩLSO, EbLSO) or the moment of merger (MωEOB22mrg, E EOB https://scispace.com/papers/quaternion-based-dynamics-of-geometrically-nonlinear-spatial-4wubfuvmsz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-time-steps-and-total-angle-of-rotation-at-pbw5qqsl.png Table 1 Number of time steps and total angle of rotation at free end. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-trajectory-of-left-edge-velocities-and-comparison-of-1cepzyxz.png Fig. 5. Trajectory of left-edge velocities and comparison of free-end displacements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-free-free-flexible-beam-3pwx20j2.png Fig. 6. Free-free flexible beam. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-convergence-of-the-frequencies-in-the-fft-algorithm-3dow1fce.png Table 2 Convergence of the frequencies in the FFT algorithm. 20 element mesh. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-projection-of-the-deformed-shapes-on-the-coordinate-2roa9nf0.png Fig. 8. Projection of the deformed shapes on the coordinate plane XZ; time interval [0, 7]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-hinged-beam-4rhfa2ql.png Fig. 13. Hinged beam. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-axonometric-view-of-deformed-shapes-time-step-0-5-time-29hew20e.png Fig. 7. Axonometric view of deformed shapes; time step 0.5, time interval [0, 15]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-free-end-displacements-for-the-force-and-7uz8iog2.png Fig. 3. Comparison of free-end displacements for the force and torque-driven flexible beam; two linear elements. https://scispace.com/papers/qudaich-a-smart-sequence-aligner-1fc1eme8m4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-real-time-statistics-for-protein-sequence-alignment-mhw3mtwi.png Table 4: Real time statistics for protein sequence alignment using test dataset 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-real-time-statistics-of-different-aligners-for-dna-2ovxmppu.png Table 3: Real time statistics of different aligners for DNA sequence alignment using test set 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-between-qudaich-and-several-other-2rc2m77q.png Table 1: Comparison between qudaich and several other aligners for finding the accuracy of the candidate database sequences using dataset 1. Blue cells show the number of query sequences in common between two alignment approaches where both aligners find the same candidate database sequence for the corresponding query sequence. Green cells include those matches where the query sequence and the corresponding database sequence have some overlap in the genome. Yellow cells have two numbers: the first number corresponds the total number of query sequences reported for each aligner, and the second number corresponds the number of reported query sequences that have a overlap with corresponding database sequence in the genome. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-predicted-candidate-database-sequence-bbr0rh0k.png Table 2: Percentage of predicted candidate database sequence matches with BLAST results using test set 1. https://scispace.com/papers/qubit-assisted-probing-of-coherence-between-mesoscopic-iioymu1jkz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-figure-shows-the-probing-of-macroscopic-coherence-2dqqnnsf.png FIG. 1: The figure shows the probing of macroscopic coherence by coupling a flux qubit to a macroscopic LC tank circuit. Being initially prepared in the state (1/ √ 2)(|0〉Q + |1〉Q), the flux qubit induces different flux values (current directions) in the circuit corresponding to its different flux states; the resulting macroscopic superposition is shown in the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-figure-shows-the-probing-of-macroscopic-coherence-1hq3pxyz.png FIG. 2: The figure shows the probing of macroscopic coherence by coupling the internal levels of a single ion to the collective motional state of several ions in a trap. Being initially prepared in the state (1/ √ 2)(|0〉Q + |1〉Q), the internal level qubit displaces the collective motional state differently corresponding to its two states; the resulting macroscopic superposition is shown in the figure. https://scispace.com/papers/quelle-approche-pour-evaluer-les-resultats-d-un-projet-d-54qpqm43lt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tableau-de-bord-du-projet-e-learning-cvg-3ratvp2c.png Figure 1. Tableau de bord du projet e-learning CVG https://scispace.com/papers/quasi-model-independent-search-for-new-high-p-t-physics-at-4imdpejnoo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-a-quasi-model-independently-motivated-list-of-2nr57n36.png TABLE I. A quasi-model-independently motivated list of interesting variables for any final state. The set of variables to consider for any exclusive channel is the union of the variables in the second column for each row that pertains to that final state. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-summary-of-results-the-most-interesting-final-state-3rzxo3o5.png TABLE II. Summary of results. The most interesting final state is found to be ee4j, with P 0.04. Upon taking into account the many final states we have considered in this analysis, we find P̃ 0.89. The calculation of these quantities is described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-examples-of-sleuths-analysis-of-the-final-states-a-w-2noekff3.png FIG. 2. Examples of Sleuth’s analysis of the final states (a) W 2j and (b) Z 2j. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-correspondence-between-p-and-pmin-each-expressed-3k8tnsu5.png FIG. 1. (a) The correspondence between P̃ and Pmin, each expressed in units of standard deviations. The curve reflects the number of final states, both populated and unpopulated, considered in this Letter. (b) Histogram of the P values computed for the populated final states considered in this article, in units of standard deviations. The distribution agrees well with expectation. https://scispace.com/papers/quenching-of-chlorophyll-fluorescence-induced-by-silver-2lo310r5sp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-m-queiroz-et-al-3i6ld0nx.png Fig. 2 - A.M. Queiroz et al. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-m-queiroz-et-al-3ivgkh4o.png Fig. 1 - A.M. Queiroz et al. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-m-queiroz-et-al-3qeahxfw.png Fig. 4 - A.M. Queiroz et al. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-m-queiroz-et-al-2s2bw9mu.png Fig. 5 - A.M. Queiroz et al. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-m-queiroz-et-al-3nr9znqw.png Fig. 3 - A.M. Queiroz et al. https://scispace.com/papers/quenching-of-the-e2-phonon-line-in-the-raman-spectra-of-5628c8u5i8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-raman-spectra-spectral-resolution-1-cm-1th-of-a-single-354ox3dx.png FIG. 3. Raman spectra (spectral resolution: 1 cm 1Þ of a single GaAs NW dispersed onto a Si wafer excited at two different wavelengths as indicated in the figure. The light was linearly polarized perpendicular to the NW c-axis (TE polarization). The measurement configuration is shown schematically in the inset of the figure. The spectra have been normalized to the TO-phonon peak intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-raman-spectra-spectral-resolution-3-cm-1-of-the-gaas-37o4qr1e.png FIG. 2. Raman spectra (spectral resolution: 3 cm 1) of the GaAs NW ensemble excited at three different wavelengths as indicated in the figure. The spectra have been normalized to the TO-phonon peak intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-hrem-image-of-a-single-gaas-nw-of-the-ensemble-under-yvcasapr.png FIG. 1. (a) HREM image of a single GaAs NW of the ensemble under investigation. The basal planes and a SF are clearly visible. (b) Lattice image taken from the same NW resolving the WZ structure along the ½11 20 zone axis. (c) RHEED pattern of the GaAs NW ensemble along the ½11 20 azimuth. No reflections pertinent to the ZB structure are observed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-raman-intensity-of-scattering-by-eh2-phonons-11d8ynd1.png FIG. 4. Raman intensity of scattering by EH2 phonons normalized to that of scattering by TO phonons for the GaAs NW ensemble as a function of excitation wavelength (full squares) together with the calculated TE/TM intensity ratio of the optical extinction. The NW radii used for the calculation are indicated in the figure. The theoretical curves are scaled by a factor of 1.85 in order to take into account the different efficiencies for scattering by EH2 und TO phonons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-te-tm-intensity-ratio-of-the-optical-extinction-as-a-3rq88d0k.png FIG. 5. TE/TM intensity ratio of the optical extinction as a function of the NW radius for different optical wavelengths (450 nm: dashed line, 550 nm: dotted line, 650 nm: solid line, 750 nm: dashed-dotted line).The inset displays the critical radius RC as a function of the optical wavelength. https://scispace.com/papers/quercetin-enhances-trail-induced-apoptosis-in-prostate-56e74kfr5z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-quercetin-on-dr4-and-dr5-expression-a-du-145-3c04vwa8.png Fig. 2. Effect of quercetin on DR4 and DR5 expression. (A) DU-145 cells were treated with th performed, revealing a dose-dependent increase in DR5 mRNA levels in quercetin-treated ce quercetin 100 µM for 24 h. The cells were labeled with anti-DR4 or anti-DR5 antibody fol demonstrated that quercetin increased DR5 protein expression on the cell surface. (C) DU-1 cancer cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated that quercetin dose-dependently increased of quercetin in PC3 and LNCaP cancer cells. Actin was shown as an internal standard. Con, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-quercetin-on-dr5-mrna-synthesis-stability-8n7pxfh3.png Fig. 4. Effect of quercetin on DR5 mRNA synthesis/stability and protein stability. (A) DU-14 driven by the DR5 promoter. Cells were treated with or without quercetin (50 µM). Quercetin cells were treated (100 µM quercetin) or untreated for 16 h, then exposed to actinomycin D expressed as a percentage of time 0 actin levels, demonstrating that quercetin decreased DR yielded similar results. (C) DU-145 cells were pretreated with 100 µmol/l quercetin for 16 h, (CHX) plus the presence or absence of quercetin (100 µM) on the indicated times. Weste quercetin-treated cells, but were not detectable 1 h after cycloheximide treatment. Con, con Statistics, Student's t-test for unpaired values. ⁎P<0.05 versus control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effect-of-quercetin-on-trail-induced-apoptotic-pathway-3fdelx4r.png Fig. 1. Effect of quercetin on TRAIL-induced apoptotic pathway in DU-145 prostate cancer c concentrations of quercetin (10 to 100 μM). Quercetin-treated cells showed reduced viability were treated for 4 h with TRAIL (50 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of 100 µmol/l quercet 4 h with TRAIL in the presence or absence of 100 µmol/l quercetin. Quercetin enhanced apop caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK (20 µmol/l) for 30 min and further treated with quercetin (10 Quercetin enhanced the cleavage of PARP, caspase-3, and caspase-9, and Z-VAD-FMK blocked mean (SEM) for three separate experiments. Con, control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-the-ectopic-dr5-expression-on-trail-induced-26fcaofp.png Fig. 3. Effect of the ectopic DR5 expression on TRAIL-induced PARP cleavage. (A) DU-145 cells were transfected with Myc-DR5 plasmid or pcDNA (control). After 4-h treatment with TRAIL for 4 h, Western blot analysis demonstrated that Myc-DR5-induced DR5 overexpression increased apoptosis compared with pcDNA. (B) DU-145 cells were cotransfected with different concentrations of Myc-DR5 plasmid. Western blot analysis demonstrated dose-dependent DR5 expression and PARP activation. Actin was used as an internal standard. https://scispace.com/papers/querying-datasets-on-the-web-with-high-availability-2wl7zbgw4i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-bgp-iterator-decomposes-a-bgp-b-tp1-tpn-into-a-1py996nr.png Fig. 2: A bgp iterator decomposes a bgp B = {tp1, . . . , tpn} into a triple pattern iterator for an optimal tpi and, for each resulting solution mapping µ of tpi, creates a bgp iterator for the remaining pattern B′ = {tp | tp = µ[tpj ] ∧ tpj ∈ B} \ {µ[tpi]}. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1-server-performance-log-log-plot-1-10-100-21t9wq1j.png Fig. 3.1: Server performance (log-log plot) 1 10 100 https://scispace.com/papers/query-types-and-search-topics-of-german-web-search-engine-41thuw44i3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-of-query-types-within-topic-areas-1uik8pfr.png Fig. 1. Distribution of query types within topic areas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-query-types-in-the-different-search-u0oygpua.png Table 2 Distribution of query types in the different search engines https://scispace.com/papers/query-management-in-a-sensor-environment-49yj7ogjze 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-xsense-architecture-model-10nw1rar.png Figure 1. XSense Architecture Model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-query-response-times-using-the-xsense-architecture-7awguyqz.png Table 2. Query Response Times over Dynamic Clusters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-network-configuration-of-the-chaotic-p2p-network-n108ewzq.png Figure 4. Network Configuration of the Chaotic P2P Network. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-query-response-times-over-dynamic-clusters-1p7jmigh.png Table 2. Query Response Times over Dynamic Clusters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-xsense-query-processor-3hzboruf.png Figure 3. XSense Query Processor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-repository-metadata-for-the-xsense-p2p-network-22m77dg2.png Figure 2. Repository Metadata for the XSense P2P Network. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-query-response-times-in-the-chaotic-p2p-network-32s8nbr5.png Table 1. Query Response times in the Chaotic P2P Network. https://scispace.com/papers/query-resolution-for-conversational-search-with-limited-2h98dmkuv2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2p3ujai2.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-excerpt-from-an-example-conversational-dialog-2rvl7mu1.png Table 1: Excerpt from an example conversational dialog. Cooccurring terms in the conversation history and the relevant passage to the current turn (#4) are shown in bold-face. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-query-resolution-datasets-statistics-in-the-split-5zd6qrzs.png Table 4: Query resolution datasets statistics. In the Split column, we indicate the where the positive term labels originate from: either gold (gold standard resolutions) or distant (Section 4.3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-trec-cast-2019-multi-turn-passage-retrieval-dataset-1glbhmu7.png Table 3: TREC CAsT 2019 multi-turn passage retrieval dataset statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-initial-retrieval-performance-per-turn-for-355fgtxa.png Figure 5: Initial retrieval performance per turn for different query resolution methods CAsT test https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-qualitative-analysis-for-initial-retrieval-37iqa8k7.png Table 10: Qualitative analysis for initial retrieval (extrinsic) when using QuReTeC or RM3 (cur+first) for query resolution. The example is sampled from the TREC CAsT dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-qualitative-analysis-for-quretec-on-query-resolution-jo95k29t.png Table 9: Qualitative analysis for QuReTeC on query resolution (intrinsic). We denote true positive terms with underline and false negative terms in italics. The examples are sampled from the QuAC dev set. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-intrinsic-evaluation-for-query-resolution-on-the-7oak71wl.png Table 6: Intrinsic evaluation for query resolution on the TREC CAsT test set. Cur, prev, first and all refer to using the current, previous, first, or all turns respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/querying-software-architecture-knowledge-as-linked-open-data-4tg8p2qhih 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-relationship-between-ak-finder-and-archimind-3nb7qchi.png Fig. 1. Overview - Relationship between AK-Finder and ArchiMind https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-time-efficiency-seconds-effectiveness-f1-score-of-po05ookc.png TABLE I TIME-EFFICIENCY (SECONDS), EFFECTIVENESS (F1 SCORE) OF MANUAL RETRIEVAL BY PARTICIPANTS IN [10] USING SEMANTIC WIKI https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ak-finder-user-interface-for-architectural-1vncyqkm.png Fig. 2. AK-Finder User Interface for Architectural Documentation Review with predefined SPARQL queries, (abbreviated) query results, and query editor. https://scispace.com/papers/quest-for-environmentally-benign-ligands-for-actinide-4s4sofm6ci 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-selected-bond-lengths-a-and-bond-angle-deg-in-uo2-l-3sp3abrr.png Table 3. Selected bond lengths (Å) and bond angle (deg) in UO2(L I)2(ClO4)2, UO2(L II)2(H2O)(NaClO4)2 and Na2UO2(L III)2(H2O). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-complexation-of-uo2-2-with-tmoga-dmoga-and-oda-t-5j1xmt74.png Table 2. Complexation of UO2 2+ with TMOGA, DMOGA and ODA (t = 25oC). Methods: pot – potentiometry, sp – spectrophotometry, cal – calorimetry. Reference: p.w. - present work. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-structures-of-three-u-vi-complexes-in-crystals-50-n4ypqpl0.png Figure 4. Structures of three U(VI) complexes in crystals (50% probability ellipsoids). (a) UO2(L I)2(ClO4)2; (b) UO2(L II)2(H2O)(NaClO4)2; (c) Na2UO2(L III)2(H2O). Hydrogen, sodium, water and perchlorate moieties are not shown for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-laser-induced-luminescence-emission-spectra-of-2wlep3sc.png Figure 7. Laser-induced luminescence emission spectra of three U(VI) compounds, UO2(L I)2(ClO4)2, UO2(L II)2(H2O)(NaClO4)2 and Na2UO2(L III)2(H2O). Excitation wavelength = 458 nm, T = 77 K. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-crystallographic-data-for-uo2-l-i-2-clo4-2-uo2-l-ii-8h91kie8.png Table 1. Crystallographic data for UO2(L I)2(ClO4)2, UO2(L II)2(H2O)(NaClO4)2 and Na2UO2(L III)2(H2O) complexes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spectrophotometric-titrations-of-the-complexation-2a02j3r5.png Figure 2. Spectrophotometric titrations of the complexation of U(VI) with TMOGA, DMOGA and ODA (t = 25oC, I = 1.0 M NaNO3 for the TMOGA system and 1.0 M NaClO4 for the DMOGA and ODA systems, initial cuvette solution 2.50 ml). Upper figures - absorption spectra normalized to account for dilution due to volume increase along the titration; lower figures – calculated molar absorptivity of U(VI) species. Right - U(VI)/TMOGA: CH = 0.0500 M, CU = 0.0400 M. Titrant: CTMOGA = 0.400 M. Center - U(VI)/DMOGA: CH = 0.0212 M, CU = 0.0177 M. Titrant: CH = 0.01915 M, CDMOGA = 0.2192 M. Left - U(VI)/ODA: CH = 0.044 M, CU = 0.0354 M. Titrant: 0.250 M Na2ODA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-schematic-energy-diagram-of-uo2-2-valence-orbitals-npppclc6.png Figure 8. Schematic energy diagram of UO2 2+ valence orbitals.30 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structurally-related-ligands-r-methyl-n-n-n-n-cqy1ckrv.png Figure 1. Structurally related ligands (R = methyl): N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl-3-oxaglutaramide (TMOGA, LI, left), N,N-Dimethyl-3-oxa-glutaramic acid (DMOGA, HLII, center) and oxydiacetic acid (ODA, H2L III, right). https://scispace.com/papers/questionnaire-layout-and-national-culture-in-online-caaxk0nxxy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptives-for-time-to-complete-pilot-experiment-1jzv1adh.png Table 1 Descriptives for time to complete (pilot experiment) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-descriptives-for-disorientation-scale-and-flow-1u5z9lqk.png Table 6 Descriptives for disorientation scale and flow subscales as a function of task complexity (Experiment 3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptives-for-time-to-complete-experiment-3-1n8lcfhi.png Table 4 Descriptives for time to complete (Experiment 3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptives-for-time-to-complete-experiment-2-1yvw895x.png Table 3 Descriptives for time to complete (Experiment 2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptives-for-time-to-complete-experiment-1-64lblaiq.png Table 2 Descriptives for time to complete (Experiment 1) https://scispace.com/papers/questionnaire-of-cognitive-schema-activation-in-sexual-2eonp1fkbl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-principal-component-analysis-of-the-qcsasc-with-fma7mnjy.png Table 3. Principal Component Analysis of the QCSASC with Varimax Rotation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-questionnaire-of-cognitive-schema-activation-in-24w6fmz9.png Table 4. Questionnaire of Cognitive Schema Activation in Sexual Context Domain Intercorrelations https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-test-retest-reliability-and-internal-consistency-of-2w7lspnp.png Table 5. Test–Retest Reliability and Internal Consistency of the QCSASC https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-correlations-of-the-qcsasc-domains-with-sq-domains-1hfalivu.png Table 6. Correlations of the QCSASC Domains with SQ Domains and Total Scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-correlations-of-the-qcsasc-domains-with-sss-16hnuhq0.png Table 7. Correlations of the QCSASC Domains with SSS Questionnaire Domains https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-of-the-community-sample-39v760ev.png Table 1. Demographic Characteristics of the Community Sample (N¼ 223) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-partial-correlations-between-sexual-function-and-the-k17iz4gq.png Table 9. Partial Correlations Between Sexual Function and the Cognitive Measures https://scispace.com/papers/queue-estimation-in-a-connected-vehicle-environment-a-convex-265bzjj1yl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-illustration-of-the-time-space-diagrams-and-queue-3ad1qrfr.png Fig. 8. Illustration of the time space diagrams and queue lengths. On the time space diagram, the green trajectories represent all the vehicle trajectories, whereas the blue trajectories represent the trajectory of connected vehicles. The bold black curves represent the FoQs and BoQs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-comparison-between-two-online-implementation-3oalksjx.png Fig. 14. Comparison between two online implementation approaches: the direct approach and the simplified approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-sensitivity-analysis-to-model-parameters-sampling-zjizemnk.png Fig. 12. Sensitivity analysis to model parameters. Sampling rate = 1.0s−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-sensitivity-to-the-measurement-errors-where-small-168kqoo7.png Fig. 13. Sensitivity to the measurement errors, where small error represents a standard error of 2m for location and 0.5m/s for speed, and large error represents a standard error of 10m for location and 2m/s for speed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-value-of-flow-information-3g441ccz.png Fig. 11. Value of flow information. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-value-of-considering-acceleration-and-deceleration-38svpdif.png Fig. 10. Value of considering acceleration and deceleration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-study-area-of-the-lankershim-dataset-of-ngsim-3l4rej69.png Fig. 3. The study area of the Lankershim dataset of NGSIM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flowchart-of-the-proposed-general-methodology-i2fxubbs.png Fig. 1. Flowchart of the proposed general methodology. https://scispace.com/papers/quickly-and-simply-detection-for-coronavirus-including-sars-3d9oj27lf6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-correlation-of-copies-number-and-ct-value-when-1sddxbyx.png Fig 1. Correlation of copies number and Ct value when detection of positive control 394 for NIID version on the PCR1100. 395 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-correlation-of-copies-number-and-ct-value-when-2ut61e1m.png Fig 2. Correlation of copies number and Ct value when detection of positive control 412 for CDC version on the PCR1100. The top is CDC version No.1 (2019-413 nCoV_N1), the bottom is No.2 (2019-nCoV_N2). 414 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sequences-of-positive-rna-control-for-the-real-time-1wj28zp8.png Table 2. Sequences of positive RNA control for the real-time RT-PCR of SARS-383 CoV-2 of CDC version. 384 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-correlation-of-virus-titer-and-ct-value-when-detection-1zfnf1wq.png Fig 3. Correlation of virus titer and Ct value when detection of HCoV-229E on the 420 PCR1100. 421 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-primers-and-probes-for-the-real-time-rt-pcr-1c0ek0bc.png Table 1. Selected primers and probes for the real-time RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2 372 NIID and CDC, and HCoV–229E 373 https://scispace.com/papers/quiet-or-questioning-students-discussion-behaviors-in-2c1muy209j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-discussion-inhibiting-and-enhancing-elements-of-20ojhl2f.png Table 4. Discussion inhibiting and enhancing elements of contextual factors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-pbl-in-the-three-institutions-198snmrf.png Table 1. Characteristics of PBL in the three institutions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographic-information-about-the-student-and-tutor-ax4179lb.png Table 2. Demographic information about the student and tutor samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-interviews-and-observations-at-the-three-1zhkjybf.png Table 3. Number of interviews and observations at the three institutions. https://scispace.com/papers/quinoline-based-p300-histone-acetyltransferase-inhibitors-6k1lxko7hq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-p300-kat3b-inhibitory-activities-of-1-23-at-fixed-78jsonpp.png Table 1. p300 (KAT3B) inhibitory activities of 1–23 at fixed doses.[a] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-novel-quinoline-based-kat-inhibitors-2qzm8ses.png Figure 1. Novel quinoline-based KAT inhibitors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effects-on-a-cell-cycle-b-apoptosis-induction-and-c-3almbnv5.png Figure 3. Effects on a) cell cycle, b) apoptosis induction, and c) granulocytic differentiation in U937 cells treated with 5, 6, 13, and 21 for 30 h at 100 mm. SAHA (5 mm) was used as a positive control. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effects-of-compounds-5-6-13-and-21-at-100-mm-on-2ugg47rz.png Figure 2. Effects of compounds 5, 6, 13, and 21 (at 100 mm) on acetylation levels of histone H3, histone H4, and a-tubulin in human leukemia U937 cells ; ctrl=control ; A, SAHA 24 h; B, SAHA 1 h; C, SAHA 1 h washout + SAHA 24 h; D, compound 5 ; E, SAHA 1 h washout + 5 ; F, compound 6 ; G, SAHA 1 h washout + 6 ; H, compound 13 ; I, SAHA 1 h washout + 13 ; J, compound 21; K, SAHA 1 h washout + 21. https://scispace.com/papers/quota-restrictions-and-intra-firm-reallocations-evidence-4u56narayk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effect-of-quota-removal-comparison-of-quota-and-15zmywau.png Table 2. The effect of quota removal: comparison of quota and non-quota firms https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chinese-textile-and-clothing-exporters-to-the-us-6gox6o5n.png Table 1. Chinese textile and clothing exporters to the US https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-effect-of-quota-removal-comparison-of-quota-and-2jyyook8.png Table 3. The effect of quota removal: comparison of quota and non-quota products within firms that export both https://scispace.com/papers/r-curve-behaviour-of-the-mixed-mode-i-ii-delamination-in-7bwqmubype 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fracture-toughness-versus-the-delamination-growth-2rk8fx37.png Fig. 5. Fracture toughness versus the delamination growth length for the +22.5°/-22.5° interface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-fracture-toughness-gi-versus-gii-for-the-a-0deg-0deg-1g2i0h97.png Fig. 6. Fracture toughness GI versus GII for the (a) 0°/0° and (b) +22.5°/-22.5° interfaces. Note: a constant mode II fracture toughness is used for each interface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-the-experiment-mmb-r-curves-and-the-3fs15ek4.png Fig. 8. Comparison of the experiment MMB R-curves and the predicted ones by Eq. (13), (a) 0°/0° interface and (b) +22.5°/-22.5° interface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-initiation-and-steady-state-propagation-failure-loci-x5ip0de2.png Fig. 7. Initiation and steady-state propagation failure loci for the (a) 0°/0° and (b) +22.5°/-22.5° interfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-the-lever-length-c-for-the-mmb-tests-unit-1mzl35x9.png Table 1 Values of the lever length c for the MMB tests (Unit: mm). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-detailed-values-of-lbz-ginit-and-gprop-for-each-1py4oxir.png Table 2 Detailed values of lbz, GInit and GProp for each interface and φ-ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-the-experimental-and-predicted-values-1cykcrr2.png Table 3 Comparison of the experimental and predicted values of the mode II fracture toughness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sketch-showing-the-occurrence-of-the-fibre-bridging-3e1fu322.png Fig. 1. A sketch showing the occurrence of the fibre bridging in the +22.5°/-22.5° interface. https://scispace.com/papers/r-d-collaboration-with-uncertain-intellectual-property-4e2zy9hbki 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-probit-models-on-vertical-collaboration-customers-otl4evla.png Table 5: Probit models on vertical collaboration (customers and suppliers) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-probit-models-on-collaboration-with-competitors-2c80tnr8.png Table 8: Probit models on collaboration with competitors https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-probit-models-on-the-likelihood-to-collaborate-with-3i3llk0o.png Table 7: Probit models on the likelihood to collaborate with any type of partner https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-applications-and-pendencies-at-the-epo-32dprui4.png Figure 1: Applications and pendencies at the EPO https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-2794-observations-1lyblhcp.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics (2,794 observations) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-probit-models-on-the-likelihood-to-collaborate-with-3lmudyte.png Table 2: Probit models on the likelihood to collaborate with any type of partner https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-multivariate-probit-models-for-different-types-of-2vesq67n.png Table 6: Multivariate probit models for different types of collaboration https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-probit-models-on-collaboration-with-competitors-154qij7n.png Table 3: Probit models on collaboration with competitors https://scispace.com/papers/r-d-and-economic-growth-in-a-cash-in-advance-economy-3vm454u1ha 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-calibration-elastic-labor-supply-f-1-0-0-9-0-8-0-7-0-wa67y0cn.png Table 2: Calibration (elastic labor supply) f 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 g 2.0% 1.8% 1.6% 1.4% 1.2% 1.0% 0.8% ' 8.73 7.93 7.14 6.35 5.56 4.76 3.97 https://scispace.com/papers/r-d-erl-photocathode-deposition-and-transport-system-40jopwu67h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-photograph-of-the-first-generation-deposition-6f27mhye.png Figure 3. A photograph of the first generation deposition system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-view-of-the-transport-cart-m53d00jm.png Figure 2. A view of the transport cart. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-cutaway-view-of-the-third-generation-multi-alkali-n15fqpfz.png Figure 1. A cutaway view of the third generation multi-alkali deposition system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-photograph-of-the-second-generation-deposition-13t0cv6w.png Figure 4. A photograph of the second generation deposition system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-photograph-of-the-third-generation-deposition-and-1cr4uopw.png Figure 5. A photograph of the third generation deposition and transport cart system. https://scispace.com/papers/r-mozart-a-reconfiguration-tool-for-webthings-applications-5emoyl9nbx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-screenshots-of-the-reconfiguration-tool-362von9v.png Fig. 1. Screenshots of the reconfiguration tool https://scispace.com/papers/r-d-collaboration-in-50-major-spanish-companies-37bhlphssw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-international-collaboration-top-ten-countries-1jxvydsc.png Table 5. International collaboration Top ten countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-international-collaboration-by-continent-3it82zob.png Table 6. International collaboration by continent https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-geographic-distribution-of-top-50-companies-845athvs.png Table 4. Geographic distribution of top 50 companies https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-spearman-s-rank-correlation-coefficient-for-simple-zeski9qj.png Table 10. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for simple and hybrid indicators https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-geographic-distribution-of-top-50-company-2ghvj0or.png Table 3. Geographic distribution of top 50 company collaboration https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-top-50-company-profile-and-size-2agker6l.png Table 9. Top 50 company profile and size https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-scientific-output-by-the-top-50-spanish-firms-1995-2wlo7qiv.png Table 1. Scientific output by the top 50 Spanish firms, 1995-2005 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scientific-output-by-spanish-private-enterprise-as-eart9dp8.png Figure 1. Scientific output by Spanish private enterprise as a whole and the top 50 firms, 1995-2005 https://scispace.com/papers/r2spin-re-recording-the-revised-speech-perception-in-noise-1qevnquimt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-first-order-significant-factors-from-gee-analysis-2fssbp72.png Table 3: First Order Significant Factors from GEE Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-word-recognition-rate-for-each-list-and-speaker-pxipbd5q.png Figure 2: Word recognition rate for each list and speaker, with standard error shown https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-glimpse-proportions-by-list-jsfwhuld.png Table 1: Mean Glimpse Proportions by list https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-glimpse-proportion-for-each-speaker-and-list-with-39krpmf7.png Figure 1: Glimpse proportion for each speaker and list, with standard error shown https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-glimpse-proportions-by-speaker-2qnicab1.png Table 2: Mean Glimpse Proportions by speaker https://scispace.com/papers/r-rosetta-a-package-for-analysis-of-rule-based-2hmepoyxmo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-evaluation-of-rules-for-the-johnson-s4ubhsdq.png Table 3 Performance evaluation of rules for the Johnson reduction method with undersampling. The average statistic values of rule support and accuracy are presented in the table. For the rule statistics, the most significant co-predictors (Bonferroni-adjusted P ≤ 0.05) were selected https://scispace.com/papers/r-process-nucleosynthesis-from-three-dimensional-4kpqldow44 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-neutrino-luminosities-for-both-electrons-nl-e-and-u8ty95sx.png Figure 4. Neutrino luminosities for both electrons, nL e, , and electron antineutrinos, n ¯L e, , as a function of postbounce time for representative single-tracer particles from simulations B13 (left), B12-sym (center), and B12 (right). We note that we map the initial tracer distribution at different times onto the simulation to ensure maximum control over the number of tracer particles ejected in the outflow. For simulations B13 and B12-sym, we map the tracer particles at time - t t 0 msbounce ; for simulation B12, we map at - t t 80 msbounce . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-top-row-electron-fraction-ye-as-a-function-of-time-30p3vemk.png Figure 5. Top row: electron fraction Ye as a function of time after mapping the particles onto simulation B13 (left), B12-sym (center), and B12 (right) for representative particles. Different colored lines indicate results for different neutrino luminosities (assuming = =n n n ¯L L Le e) used in the nuclear reaction network calculation. Black lines indicate results using the neutrino luminosities from the tracer particles advected with the simulations. The dashed lines indicate the evolution of bYe, for each of the fixed neutrino luminosity simulations. The particle in simulation B13 reaches the lowest Ye values, while the particles in simulations B12-sym and B12 turn around at increasing minimum Ye values. The dotted-dashed lines show the evolution of Ye in the tracer particles before the nuclear reaction network calculations begin. Bottom row: weak interaction and dynamical timescales for the same three models. The dashed lines indicate the lepton capture timescale, l l+ -- +( )e e 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-scatter-plot-of-the-electron-fraction-ye-at-t-5-gk-2tmumpvn.png Figure 6. Scatter plot of the electron fraction Ye at T=5 GK (x-axis) and specific entropy s (y-axis) for select particles from simulations B13 (circles), B12-sym (triangles), and B12 (squares). The symbols are color coded with the maximum density, ρmax, reached. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-initial-magnetic-field-strength-and-perturbation-2plz8o7g.png Table 1 Initial Magnetic Field Strength and Perturbation Setup (in Velocity) for the Three Simulations Considered here https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ye-histograms-when-the-particles-are-above-a-26g40v39.png Figure 7. Ye histograms when the particles are above a temperature of T=5 GK for the last time. We show simulation B13 (dark blue), B12-sym (cyan), and B12 (green). The left panel shows results obtained without taking neutrino luminosities into account for the network calculation. The center panel shows results obtained with constant neutrino luminosities, = =n n -¯L L 10 erg s52 1e e , and the right panel shows results obtained using the luminosities recorded from the tracer particles. We bin Ye in intervals of 0.02 and weigh the Ye statistics with the mass of the ejected particles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-meridional-slices-xz-plane-with-z-being-the-3cd6ufd4.png Figure 1. Meridional slices (xz-plane, with z being the vertical) of the specific entropy s in units of -k baryonB 1 for models B13 (left), B12-sym (center), and B12 (right). The rendering size is 1600 km×1600 km, and times after core bounce for model B13, B12-sym, and B12 are 17 ms, 89 ms, and 131 ms, respectively. The color maps vary slightly to capture best the dynamics of each simulation and are shown in the panels. B13 and B12-sym show a clear jet explosion, while B12 explodes in a dual-lobe fashion due to the jet’s kink instability (Mösta et al. 2014b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-total-and-r-process-ejecta-masses-material-with-120-3td6bjer.png Table 2 Total and r-process Ejecta Masses (Material with 120 A 249) for the Three Simulations, B13, B12-sym, and B12, for the Four Constant Neutrino Luminosities and the Neutrino Luminosities as Obtained from the Tracer Particles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-fractional-abundance-as-a-function-of-mass-number-a-1gqcr0rj.png Figure 8. Fractional abundance as a function of mass number A for models B13 (left), B12-sym (center), and B12 (right). Different colored lines indicate results obtained with different constant neutrino luminosities in the nuclear reaction network calculation. Black lines show the results obtained when using the neutrino luminosities as recorded from the tracer particles in the simulations. For model B13, neutrino luminosities up to = =n n -¯L L 10 erg s52 1e e produce a robust secondand third-peak r-process pattern. Starting from a neutrino luminosity of = =n n -¯L L 10 erg s53 1e e and the neutrino luminosity from the tracer particles, material beyond the second peak is reduced in abundance. This trend is continued in models B12-sym and B12, but with a reduction in the abundance of nuclei beyond the second peak starting at lower and lower neutrino luminosities. For model B12, only = =n n -¯L L 10 erg s51 1e e still produces a robust r-process abundance pattern. https://scispace.com/papers/race-and-ethnicity-related-differences-in-neuroimaging-iwuy28sph7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimated-marginal-means-of-cortical-thickness-by-ntvo5mpw.png Figure 2. Estimated marginal means of cortical thickness by race and ethnicity across study cohort. Upper panel. In Offspring, white, Black, and Latinx participants had similar cortical thickness. Bottom panel. In WHICAP, Blacks and Latinxs had disproportionately less cortical thickness compared with whites. Latinxs had greater cortical thickness compared to Blacks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-axial-slice-displaying-distribution-of-wmh-243y5wz1.png Figure 1. An axial slice displaying distribution of WMH unlabeled (A, left) with in-house developed software and WMH labeled (A, right). A three-dimensional rendering of the labeled WMH volume (B). A three-dimensional rendering of the anatomically segmented regions of interest included in the AD signature composite (C). Abbreviation: WMH, white matter hyperintensities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-white-matter-hyperintensity-volume-by-race-and-miml0mwp.png Figure 3. White Matter Hyperintensity Volume by Race and Ethnicity Across Study Cohorts. Upper panel. In Offspring, Blacks, but not Latinxs had greater white matter hyperintensity volume compared with whites. Bottom panel. In WHICAP, Blacks had disproportionately greater white matter hyperintensity volume compared with both Latinxs and whites. https://scispace.com/papers/racial-discrimination-in-britain-1969-2017-a-meta-analysis-3ezo0mk1s9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-ii-discrimination-against-asians-over-time-1i48k69p.png Figure II Discrimination against Asians over time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-discrimination-against-black-caribbeans-over-time-h3dam0e2.png Figure I Discrimination against Black Caribbeans over time https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-risks-of-discrimination-faced-by-ethnic-and-racial-2rzvc4k7.png Table II: Risks of discrimination faced by ethnic and racial minorities in Britain, 1969 – 2016/7 (relative risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-iv-discrimination-against-indians-over-time-2ynpwbco.png Figure IV Discrimination against Indians over time https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-british-field-experiments-on-racial-discrimination-2xm6rs1q.png Table I British field experiments on racial discrimination in the labour market https://scispace.com/figures/figure-iii-discrimination-against-pakistanis-over-time-29vjs6lf.png Figure III Discrimination against Pakistanis over time https://scispace.com/papers/radar-cross-section-of-modified-target-using-gaussian-beam-3e0woshp08 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-between-rcs-of-a-flat-plate-and-a-plate-32bf3dyx.png Fig. 9. Comparison between RCS of a flat plate and a plate with notch: f =10GHz, ϕi=0°, (a) GBS+PTD, (b) GBL+PTD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-general-description-of-the-experimental-setup-b-flat-128nhpmg.png Fig. 5. (a) General description of the experimental setup, (b) flat plate, (c) plate with an aperture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-between-gbs-ptd-gbl-ptd-mom-po-methods-and-ql9rkpkf.png Fig. 8. Comparison between GBS+PTD, GBL+PTD, MoM, PO methods and experimental measurements in vv polarization: PEC plate with notch, f =10GHz, ϕi=0°. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-dimensions-and-b-mesh-of-pec-plate-with-an-aperture-2ozocjiq.png Fig. 6. (a) Dimensions and (b) mesh of PEC plate with an aperture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-between-gbs-ptd-gbl-po-mom-methods-and-3ftr0m45.png Fig. 7. Comparison between GBS+PTD, GBL, PO, MoM methods and experimental measurements in vv polarization: PEC flat plate, f =10GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geometric-configuration-and-coordinate-parameters-for-2e1p8evf.png Fig. 1. Geometric configuration and coordinate parameters for Gaussian Beam Summation (GBS) formulation. Plate with a rectangular aperture (notch). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-target-size-as-the-function-of-distance-for-far-field-d6v8th22.png Fig. 4. Target size as the function of distance for far-field approximation: the Far-field criterion of Fraunhofer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-variation-of-percentage-error-between-gbs-method-and-3sgrwoby.png Fig. 3. Variation of percentage error between GBS method and ray asymptotic solution as function (r) and for several beam number. https://scispace.com/papers/racial-stratification-and-multiple-outcomes-in-police-stops-4q9v1trvyl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-stop-and-search-outcomes-ethnicity-binary-tl2zsdy9.png Table 3: Stop and Search Outcomes * Ethnicity (Binary) Crosstabulation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparing-four-stop-and-search-outcomes-ethnicity-2i9hwy7h.png Table 4: Comparing Four Stop and Search Outcomes * Ethnicity (Multiple Groups) Crosstabulation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-suspects-and-stop-and-search-event-characteristics-1nw4xkim.png Table 1: Suspects and Stop-and-search Event Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparing-multiple-ethnicities-vs-british-whites-nfa-2f130pz6.png Fig. 5: Comparing Multiple Ethnicities vs. British Whites - NFA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparing-multiple-ethnicities-vs-british-whites-frsi95rw.png Fig. 4: Comparing Multiple Ethnicities vs. British Whites - Warnings https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparing-multiple-ethnicities-vs-british-whites-17lqs5sd.png Fig. 3: Comparing Multiple Ethnicities vs. British Whites - Arrests https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-crosstabulating-ethnicity-all-minorities-vs-british-2zgnbqjo.png Fig. 1: Crosstabulating Ethnicity (All Minorities vs. British Whites) and Outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparing-multiple-ethnicities-vs-british-whites-16kepprw.png Fig. 2: Comparing Multiple Ethnicities vs. British Whites - Advices https://scispace.com/papers/radar-networking-in-collaborative-adaptive-sensing-of-1r5ld2gp22 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-data-pulled-from-a-radar-under-varying-cache-sizes-1l6nv0e4.png Figure 6. Data pulled from a radar under varying cache sizes and policies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-named-interest-packet-routing-in-a-radar-data-1zyr2arw.png Figure 5. Named interest packet routing in a radar data fusion network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-data-fusion-time-with-40-cross-traffic-2-30ttuvep.png Figure 4. Data fusion time with 40% cross traffic [2]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-radar-data-preprocessing-and-multi-radar-data-10djf0j4.png Figure 3. Radar data preprocessing and multi-radar data fusion. https://scispace.com/papers/radar-derived-rainfall-and-rain-gauge-measurements-at-srs-2mmhlkpypj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-srs-rain-gauge-locations-28i5fsjs.png Figure 2-1. SRS Rain Gauge Locations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-radar-derived-values-against-tipping-bucket-15vi0rw9.png Figure 3-2. Radar Derived Values Against Tipping Bucket Measured 24-hr Rainfall Totals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-accumulation-ratio-or-bias-for-c-area-daily-total-3cujx32i.png Figure 3-3. Accumulation Ratio (or Bias) for C-area Daily Total Amounts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-accumulation-ratio-or-bias-for-a-area-daily-total-3vf98vnn.png Figure 3-4. Accumulation Ratio (or Bias) for A-Area Daily Total Amounts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-radar-derived-values-against-wedge-measured-24-hr-e7auolpf.png Figure 3-1. Radar Derived Values Against Wedge Measured 24-hr Rainfall Totals (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-radar-derived-values-against-wedge-measured-24-hr-19trt1xh.png Figure 3-1. Radar Derived Values Against Wedge Measured 24-hr Rainfall Totals (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-radar-estimates-and-wedge-measurement-comparisons-29nj16bx.png Table 3-2. Radar estimates and wedge measurement comparisons https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-radar-estimates-and-tipping-bucket-measurement-27pfiwir.png Table 3-3. Radar estimates and tipping bucket measurement comparisons https://scispace.com/papers/radial-basis-functions-for-stochastic-metamodels-tailored-to-9c7ak84djn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-flowchart-of-the-dynamic-adaptive-meta-model-update-36b9y6ca.png Figure 3: Flowchart of the dynamic adaptive meta–model update https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-maximum-uncertainty-for-the-initial-training-set-3lw92vp4.png Figure 11: Maximum uncertainty for the initial training set as a function of r0 parameter using Bessel kernel with k ∼ Unif[0.0028, 5.2] and k ∼ Unif[0.0028, 52.0]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-truncated-bessel-kernel-behaviour-to-the-1os5zwtk.png Figure 10: Truncated Bessel kernel behaviour to the stochastic variables k ∼ Unif[0.0028, 52.0] for x0 = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-truncated-bessel-kernel-behaviour-to-the-stochastic-1odtw1mq.png Figure 9: Truncated Bessel kernel behaviour to the stochastic variables r0 ∼ Unif[0.1 − 1.0] and k ∼ Unif[0.0028, 5.2]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-1d-insertion-loss-meta-models-at-f-1600-hz-first-yoh4a5d5.png Figure 16: 1D Insertion Loss meta–models at f = 1600 Hz. First row are the results obtained using polynomial kernel with stochastic variable α ∼ Unif[1.0, 3.0]. Second row are the results obtained with Bessel kernel, varying k parameter in k ∼ Unif[0.021, 39.0] with r0 = 1.0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-truncated-bessel-kernel-behaviour-to-the-stochastic-21qts39l.png Figure 8: Truncated Bessel kernel behaviour to the stochastic variable r0 ∼ Unif[0.1 − 1.0], for k = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-truncated-bessel-kernel-behaviour-to-the-stochastic-3ivprkqc.png Figure 7: Truncated Bessel kernel behaviour to the stochastic variable k ∼ Unif[0.0028, 5.2], for: x0 = 0.1 (top), x0 = 0.5 (center), x0 = 1.0 (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-the-noise-shielding-of-an-airfoil-geometry-with-qs7eqz70.png Figure 15: The noise shielding of an airfoil geometry with unitary chord in presence of a uniform flow. https://scispace.com/papers/radial-feature-descriptors-for-cell-classification-and-3vdgcufvvm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-flowchart-of-the-proposed-segmentation-methodology-wjz1tk05.png Figure 4: Flowchart of the proposed segmentation methodology. Our method has three steps: region clustering, pre-classification of region cells; and database creation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-graphical-result-for-a-cbir-experiment-using-rfd-2th5tgfv.png Figure 9: Graphical result for a CBIR experiment using RFD. The first eight rows of the first column contains abnormal cell queries and the other rows contains normal cell queries. Green and red edges corresponds to images correctly and incorrectly recommended, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparative-analysis-for-cbir-experiments-map-using-1so0a2m3.png Table 6: Comparative analysis for CBIR experiments: MAP using Herlev and CRIC database. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-gray-level-run-length-matrix-computation-a-gray-1n75ewj2.png Figure 6: Gray level run length matrix computation: (a) gray level image with intensity values between 0 and 3, and (b) GLRLM histogram. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-result-for-both-segmentation-and-classification-2uz9rhw8.png Figure 8: The result for both segmentation and classification algorithms applied to an image from the CRIC database: (a) original image with GT for each nucleus obtained from the classification algorithm, and (b) classification of each segmented region. Black edges correspond to the segmentation results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparative-analysis-for-classification-experiments-2hy4qu5l.png Table 3: Comparative analysis for classification experiments: FNR and κ using Herlev and CRIC database. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cric-database-image-with-cell-samples-a-original-34zu2jmi.png Figure 3: CRIC database image with cell samples: (a) original image, and (b) information about nuclei positions and classification. Blue points indicate the nucleus of normal cells and red spots indicate abnormal cells. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparative-analysis-of-fnr-and-k-using-gt-for-seven-3pvq6w54.png Table 4: Comparative analysis of FNR and κ using GT for seven classes in Herlev database. https://scispace.com/papers/radial-velocity-offsets-due-to-mass-outflows-and-extinction-2w4miyvqwe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-test-model-of-a-hypothetical-seyfert-galaxy-with-2dpagf9d.png Figure 7. Test model of a hypothetical Seyfert galaxy with the NLR and disk parameters given in Table 2. The left-hand side shows our view, and the right hand side shows a view in which the bicone axis is in the plane of the sky and the galactic disk is edge-on (our view is to the lower left and in the page). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-histograms-of-the-velocity-offsets-between-emission-2mnj7054.png Figure 1. Histograms of the velocity offsets between emission lines and absorption lines (Δv = vemis − vabs) in Seyfert 1 and Seyfert 2 galaxies, from the measurements of Nelson & Whittle (1995). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-o-iii-emission-line-image-of-the-nlr-in-ngc-1068-zazsjiqk.png Figure 2. [O iii] emission-line image of the NLR in NGC 1068, obtained with the HST Faint Object Camera, showing the slit positions for the STIS long-slit observations with the G430M grating. The SMBH is 0′′.15 south of the hot spot (Das et al. 2006). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-geometric-models-of-the-nlr-bicones-and-the-inner-5077qdnv.png Figure 6. Geometric models of the NLR bicones and the inner galactic disks in NGC 1068 and NGC 4151, based on the parameters in Table 2. The left-hand side shows our view, and the right hand side shows a view in which the bicone axis is in the plane of the sky and the galactic disk is edge-on (our view is to the upper right and above the page for each). The thin gray lines represent a disk scale height of 200 pc for a bicone that is 800 pc in length along its axis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-nlr-bicone-and-host-galaxy-parametersa-25st3s6y.png Table 2 NLR Bicone and Host Galaxy Parametersa https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-heliocentric-radial-velocities-and-offsets-in-km-s-1-3872ivga.png Table 1 Heliocentric Radial Velocities and Offsets (in km s−1) https://scispace.com/papers/radiating-elements-for-shared-aperture-tx-rx-phased-arrays-2kp2dl53ld 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dual-band-array-lattice-with-interleaved-tx-and-rx-1mc7wgtt.png Fig. 1. Dual-band array lattice with interleaved Tx and Rx elements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-exploded-3d-view-of-the-dual-band-array-cells-dbc-3bf21l7y.png Fig. 14. Exploded 3D view of the dual-band array cells (DBC) integrated with a simple beam-forming network: R1=3.5mm; R2=1.7mm; H1=1.4mm; H2=0.65mm; H3=1.5mm; H4=1.8mm; H5=2.7mm; W1 = 2.8mm; W2=1.68mm; W3=2.2mm; W4=3.5mm; W5=0.27mm; W6=4.5mm; W7=7.5mm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-description-of-the-array-multilayer-stackup-3fwwmvbq.png Fig. 12. Description of the array multilayer stackup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-exploded-3d-view-of-the-single-band-cell-sbc-3nb92t0k.png Fig. 13. Exploded 3D view of the Single-Band Cell (SBC) integrated with a simple beam-forming network: R3=3.2mm; H6=0.85mm; H7=1.5mm; H8=2.1mm; W8=1.6mm; W9=3.5mm; W10=3.1mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-26-array-scanning-performance-based-on-the-measured-2d72njt1.png Fig. 26 Array scanning performance based on the measured embedded element patterns: a) scanning along the E-plane at 20 GHz; b) scanning along the H-plane at 20 GHz; c) scanning along the E-plane at 30 GHz; d) scanning along the H-plane at 30 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-co-polar-and-cross-polar-radiation-patterns-at-20-ghz-644z1mlv.png Fig. 24 Co-polar and cross-polar radiation patterns at 20 GHz of the central Rx element of the array shown in Fig. 21-a. Solid line: E-plane; dashed line: H-plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-co-polar-and-cross-polar-radiation-patterns-at-30-ghz-rtpwrn9o.png Fig. 25 Co-polar and cross-polar radiation patterns at 30 GHz of the central Tx element of the array shown in Fig. 21-a. Solid line: E-plane; dashed line: H-plane. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-number-of-elements-of-a-dual-band-array-for-37v2y82z.png TABLE I NUMBER OF ELEMENTS OF A DUAL-BAND ARRAY FOR DIFFERENT LATTICE CONFIGURATIONS https://scispace.com/papers/radial-velocity-measurements-of-hr-8799-b-and-c-with-medium-hoog3b6acr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-residuals-of-a-single-model-fit-as-a-function-of-11k5snw4.png Figure 4. Residuals of a single model fit as a function of wavelength. The residuals were averaged over the 5 pixel wide area around the location of the planet. Here, the planet model is also plotted separately from the data model, which includes both the starlight and the planet. For this figure, we used a single spectral cube of HR 8799c. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-orbits-of-hr-8799-b-blue-and-c-orange-randomly-u6o92dy7.png Figure 8. Orbits of HR 8799 b (blue) and c (orange) randomly sampled from their posterior. The orbital fits include the radial velocity (RV) measurements of the planets. From top to bottom on the right, the panels show the separation of b then c, the position angle of b then c, and the RV of both planets. The error bars were converted from R.A. and decl. to separation and position angle using a Monte Carlo approach. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-night-by-night-summary-of-the-hr-8799-observations-ckpbr5iw.png Table 3 Night-by-night Summary of the HR 8799 Observations with OSIRIS/Keck https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-residuals-over-the-entire-field-of-view-of-1dxjvlp5.png Figure 5. Average residuals over the entire field of view of a single exposure shown as a function of wavelength. The residuals were averaged over both the location of the planet and the 5 pixel box of the data vector. For this figure, we used a single spectral cube of HR 8799c. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-barycentric-corrected-rvs-of-hr-8799-b-and-c-1xa41uch.png Table 1 Barycentric Corrected RVs of HR 8799 b and c Measured with Keck/OSIRIS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-similar-to-figure-10-a-but-for-the-h-band-361g37tu.png Figure 11. Similar to Figure 10(a), but for the H band. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-spatial-variation-of-the-wavelength-solution-3ttskwnq.png Figure 12. Spatial variation of the wavelength solution offset calculated for each year and spectral band. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-calibration-of-the-wavelength-solution-from-3b7oh8kp.png Figure 10. Calibration of the wavelength solution from fitting of the OH emission lines in sky-background observations. The upper panel of (a) features the spatially averaged spectrum of a sky observation taken in the K band. It includes the original spectrum as well as its low-pass filtered (LPF) and high-pass filtered (HPF) components. The latter is compared to the high-pass filtered Earth atmosphere model from the Gemini observatory website. The lower panel of (a) shows three sample spectra of individual spaxels. The right panel (b) includes the cross-correlation function of the same three spectra with the model as well as the derived offsets. https://scispace.com/papers/radiance-transfer-biclustering-for-real-time-all-frequency-3hstsr8hdc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-packing-a-6d-btf-into-a-3d-rgba-texture-2ahfpvob.png Fig. 4. Packing a 6D BTF into a 3D RGBA texture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-stanford-bunny-with-a-bumpy-surface-illuminated-by-1dctw3mb.png Fig. 1. A Stanford bunny with a bumpy surface illuminated by environment lighting. Note how our all-frequency algorithm more faithfully captures the shadowing effects at both global and local scales, as compared with the low-frequency biscale algorithm [1]. (a) SH [1]. (b) Biclustering. (c) Reference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-our-result-better-captures-the-appearance-of-glossy-3buljrbi.png Fig. 5. Our result better captures the appearance of glossy materials than its low-frequency counterpart. (a) SH. (b) Biclustering. (c) Reference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-transfer-the-global-incident-radiance-l-to-the-local-1sct8lq5.png Fig. 2. Transfer the global incident radiance L to the local coordinate frame of p, yielding the local incident radiance L p. Per-pixel shading is then computed by integrating the product of BTF and L p. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-test-scene-statistics-1ruqh19i.png TABLE 1 Test Scene Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-temple-scene-with-a-five-different-btfs-the-eaves-1dc03pjs.png Fig. 7. A temple scene with a five different BTFs. The eaves molding uses a patch size of 64 64, while all other parts use patches of 32 32. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-example-of-transfer-matrix-construction-a-small-3t9mxjya.png Fig. 3. An example of transfer matrix construction. A small patch of 76 vertices is used to show the process. (a) A small patch and a sample vertex, together with a particular local incident direction. (b) Transfer matrix and the corresponding row. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-glossy-bumpy-stanford-bunny-with-different-resolution-iomivk09.png Fig. 8. Glossy bumpy Stanford bunny with different resolution of local incident direction. The material used for the bunny is a Phong model with the exponential equals to 128. As in Table 1, performance for both fixed lighting and moving lighting is shown. The transfer matrices are compressed to 24.2 MB, 38.3 MB, and 58.5 MB, at the cost of 12, 32, and 93 minutes of precomputation, respectively. The cost of computing macroscale transfer is 7.9 ms, 22.4 ms and 37.0 ms, respectively. The patch size of the BTF is 16 16. (a) 8 8 directions @ 277.9/86.8 fps. (b) 16 16 directions @ 31.3/ 18.4 fps. (c) 32 32 directions @ 5.4/4.5 fps. https://scispace.com/papers/radiation-characteristics-of-reactor-produced-rhodium-38m3327cnb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-est-imated-06ru-a-c-t-i-v-i-t-y-i-n-ruthenium-f-r-om-3s9dkswd.png TABLE 5. Est imated '06Ru A c t i v i t y i n Ruthenium f r om Va r i ous Reactors https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-c-a-l-c-u-l-a-t-e-d-dose-rates-f-r-o-m-f-i-s-s-i-o-n-a7ln6qpk.png TABLE 3. C a l c u l a t e d Dose Rates f r o m F i s s i o n Product Rhodium Sources (a > https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-cuniulat-ive-a-i-r-concen-t-ra-t-ions-o-f-f-i-s-s-i-22736aic.png TABLE 10. Cuniulat ive A i r Concen t ra t ions o f F i s s i o n Product Pa l lad ium https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-l-i-m-i-t-i-n-g-o-c-c-u-a-t-i-o-n-a-l-mpc-values-f-o-kls1n1m9.png TABLE 9. L i m i t i n g O c c u ~ a t i o n a l MPC Values f o r 1 0 2 ~ h , 'OZmRh and Io7pd (pci /cm3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-p-r-i-n-c-i-p-a-l-gama-energies-and-y-ie-l-ds-f-rom-3anhn7xf.png TABLE 6. P r i n c i p a l Gama Energies and Y ie l ds f rom Decay o f 106Rh https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composi-t-ion-o-f-f-i-s-s-i-o-n-product-rhodium-kqd26g9l.png TABLE 1. Composi t ion o f F i s s i o n Product Rhodium https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gamma-spectra-o-f-f-i-ss-ion-product-rhodium-2p69jpml.png FIGURE 3. Gamma Spectra o f F i ss ion Product Rhodium https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-i-s-o-t-o-p-i-c-co-i-ipos-i-t-i-on-o-f-f-i-s-s-i-o-n-18jorhvo.png TABLE 4. I s o t o p i c Co~ i ipos i t i on o f F i s s i o n Product Pal 1 adium https://scispace.com/papers/radiation-correction-and-uncertainty-evaluation-of-rs41-3wwojsqc21 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-coefficients-in-eqs-3-4-and-5-152-apkxt4qg.png Table 2. Coefficients in Eqs. (3), (4), and (5). 152 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-uncertainty-budget-for-the-ventilation-speed-in-the-3izlo6su.png Table 7. Uncertainty budget for the ventilation speed in the test chamber. 255 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-uncertainty-budget-for-the-irradiance-in-the-test-2cx4ga4y.png Table 8. Uncertainty budget for the irradiance in the test chamber. 263 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-ventilation-speed-on-trad-at-a-p-50-hpa-2zynibkr.png Figure 4. Effect of ventilation speed on △Trad at (a) P = 50 hPa at different temperatures and (b) T = –40 °C at different air 417 pressure values. (c) Residuals as a function of the ventilation speed when Eqs. (9) and (10) are used. 418 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-coefficients-in-eq-7-and-8-167-35xfrmxg.png Table 3. Coefficients in Eq. (7) and (8). 167 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-effect-of-sensor-rotation-with-varied-cycles-5-s-3p1teih6.png Figure 5. (a) Effect of sensor rotation with varied cycles (5 s, 10 s, and 15 s) and (b) difference in the maximum and minimum 420 temperature values (Ton_max – Ton_min) as a function of the air pressure. Ton_max – Ton_min at 100 hPa and 5 hPa at –67 °C are 421 estimated using Eqs. (6), (7), and (8). 422 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-uncertainty-budget-for-the-test-chamber-pressure-248-148ix3q0.png Table 6. Uncertainty budget for the test chamber pressure. 248 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-uncertainty-budget-for-the-test-chamber-temperature-1dlrncut.png Table 5. Uncertainty budget for the test chamber temperature. 241 https://scispace.com/papers/radiation-dose-optimization-in-pediatric-temporal-bone-30rdbaqz6z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-frequencies-of-subjective-image-quality-scores-1-4-114mnt0g.png Fig. 5 Frequencies of subjective image quality scores 1–4 relative to tube tension (kilovolts), at different radiation doses; a 30 mGy, b 15 mGy, c 7.5 mGy, and d 3 mGy. Image quality tends to be higher at lower kilovolts for all doses, with score 4 gradually becoming more frequent with stepwise tube tension reduction while scores 2 and 3 become less frequent https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-frequency-of-the-dichotomized-sufficient-image-quality-1ovpxl62.png Fig. 6 Frequency of the (dichotomized) sufficient image quality scores as percentages https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-coronal-section-of-the-left-sheep-temporal-bone-all-3dusffb1.png Fig. 1 Coronal section of the left sheep temporal bone. All scans were performed with a volumetric CT-Dose Index (CTDIvol) of 30 mGy. The eight structures used for the subjective image quality assessment are shown: a modiolus of cochlea and sharpness of fluid–air level in middle ear cavity, b spiral osseous lamina, c details of bony pattern in the mastoid bone and superior semicircular canal, d stapes head, e manubrium of malleus, and f oval window https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-scans-of-a-lamb-temporal-bone-performed-with-7-mgy-a-3kfxu1sq.png Fig. 8 Scans of a lamb temporal bone performed with 7 mGy, a dose corresponding to a clinical low-dose protocol. Tube tensions range from 140 kV (left) to 80 kV (right). Note the better delineation of the spiral osseous lamina at the lowest tube tension. Osseous structures like the otic capsule show higher density at low beam energy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-scans-of-a-lamb-temporal-bone-performed-with-30-mgy-grk5rnzn.png Fig. 7 Scans of a lamb temporal bone performed with 30 mGy and tube tension from 140 kV (left) to 80 kV (right). Note the improved contrast between the malleus handle and the air in the middle ear cavity at the lowest tube tension. Noise is slightly higher at 80 kV. All images are shown with identical window/level settings https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ct-scan-of-the-high-contrast-phantom-used-for-spatial-1xq9k6i3.png Fig. 2 CT scan of the high-contrast phantom used for spatial resolution assessment. Hole sizes ranges from 4 mm (left) to 0.4 mm (right). In this scan, holes are individually discernible down to 0.5 mm (second row from right), corresponding to a spatial resolution of ten line pairs per centimeter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-box-whisker-plots-of-middle-a-and-inner-ear-b-5vmke796.png Fig. 4 Box-whisker plots of middle (a) and inner ear (b) magnitude of image contrast (Hounsfield units) versus tube tension (kilovolts) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-box-whisker-plots-of-middle-and-inner-ear-density-3c9cgx2w.png Fig. 3 Box-whisker plots of middle and inner ear density values (Hounsfield units) versus tube tension (kilovolts), a otic capsule, b vestibule, c malleus, and d air. The whiskers indicate 5–95 percentiles https://scispace.com/papers/radiation-hard-beam-position-detector-for-use-in-the-3dqtm889wf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-horizontal-beam-position-plotted-against-time-zjmk25yn.png Figure 4: Horizontal beam position plotted against time, measured during March 19-20, 2005 experimental run. Otherwise stable run conditions were interrupted by several trips of a quadrupole magnet in one of Hall A spectrometers in the early morning hours on March 20th. Changes in the magnetic field along the beam path between the experimental target and beam dump tunnel entrance caused horizontal beam position shift of about 4 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-x-and-y-coordinates-measured-by-the-bpd-during-the-1l1xfzli.png Figure 3: X and Y coordinates measured by the BPD during the experimental run. Y is shifted down by 10 mm to avoid interference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-transverse-beam-coordinates-measured-during-the-3t67ih49.png Figure 2: Transverse beam coordinates measured during the calibration. See detailed explanation in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-layout-of-the-bpd-2ap8uqtg.png Figure 1: Schematic layout of the BPD. https://scispace.com/papers/radiation-induced-hemopoietic-lesions-in-fish-34wya33e3m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-kidney-unirradiated-catfish-the-intersitital-tissue-sapatdoq.png Fig. 1 . Kidney, unirradiated catfish. The Intersitital tissue between the tubules is packed with nucleated hemopoietic cells. https://scispace.com/papers/radiation-of-the-drosophila-nannoptera-species-group-in-4i4u4bhdyq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hypothetical-character-evolution-of-asymmetric-male-1jxno1y8.png Fig. 2 Hypothetical character evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the nannoptera species group. The red dot indicates the putative origin of both left–right asymmetric male genitalia and spermathecae-restricted sperm storage. Images below each species names illustrate male external genitalia of each species. Asymmetric parts were artificially coloured in red. Sperm storage organs are indicated below each species name. The scale bar is 100 lm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-divergence-time-estimates-1afctyaw.png Table 1 Divergence time estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phylogenetic-relationships-of-the-nannoptera-group-and-fwd1tj0l.png Fig. 1 Phylogenetic relationships of the nannoptera group and related species. (a) Phylogenetic tree generated in BEAST based on the concatenated data set with nine partitions. Bootstrap support from maximum likelihood (PhyML) analysis is presented on the left side of each node. Bayesian posterior probabilities are presented on the right side of each node for the BEAST analysis/and *BEAST analysis, respectively. The time scale was calculated according to estimates B in Table 1. (b) Distributions of the species of the nannoptera group and of Drosophila machalilla and D. bromeliae, reproduced from Heed (1982) and Markow & O’Grady (2005). https://scispace.com/papers/radiation-stability-of-nafion-membranes-used-for-isotope-15k1bhwv60 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-iec-data-for-atmospheric-samples-s95ujy0k.png Figure 3: IEC data for atmospheric samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-storage-modulus-mpa-as-a-function-of-environmental-3ajbnhqo.png Figure 7. Storage modulus (MPa) as a function of environmental condition and dose rate for as received and 1 Mrad total exposure to Nafion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-iec-data-from-1-30-mrad-fast-dose-under-wet-jsuwlxdb.png Figure 2: IEC data from 1-30 Mrad, fast dose, under wet conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tic-toc-and-ic-analysis-of-water-from-water-soaked-1qcrvbta.png Table 2: TIC-TOC and IC Analysis of Water from Water-Soaked, Irradiated Nafion Samples. One sigma uncertainty is 10% for TIC-TOC and F-, 15% for SO42-. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ion-exchange-capacity-results-for-1-mrad-gamma-25akn6l1.png Figure 1. Ion exchange capacity results for 1 Mrad gamma irradiated Nafion 117. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ftir-spectra-for-nafion-117-irradiated-under-23zin0od.png Figure 5: FTIR spectra for Nafion 117 irradiated under atmospheric conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gamma-irradiation-experimental-matrix-and-bend-test-hrlu31lj.png Table 1. Gamma irradiation experimental matrix and bend test results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-storage-modulus-mpa-as-a-function-of-total-qpfuxnw5.png Figure 6: Storage Modulus (MPa) as a function of total radiation dosage, when irradiated at 460 krad/hr in the presence of 25mL DI H2O. https://scispace.com/papers/radiationless-traveling-waves-in-saturable-nonlinear-17xl90u2n0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-intersections-of-the-single-and-double-root-conditions-33ddtjw2.png FIG. 2. Intersections of the single and double root conditions (see text) for 0:5 and varying c and ". The shaded area shows where there is more than one branch of linear waves. Values indicate the number of roots of (4). Subplots show leftand right-hand sides of (4) for "; c 1; 3 , one root (i); 3; 3 , three roots (ii); and 3:5; 0:6 , seven roots (iii). (iv) displays the overlapping of the bands for small " and c; only the first six bands have been shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-and-b-show-the-key-imaginary-2e3hyx6k.png FIG. 1 (color online). (a) and (b) show the key imaginary eigenvalues for the on site (dashed line) and the intersite (solid line) mode as a function of " [(a) on a linear scale, (b) on an exponential scale]. The band edge of the continuous spectrum is at 0:5. From there bifurcates an eigenmode for " > 0:1 (for the on site case) which arrives at the origin of the spectral plane for " 0:25 and becomes real. On the contrary, for the intersite solution a previously real eigenmode exits as imaginary for " > 0:25. These modes alternate again for " 0:445, " 0:7, etc. The real parts of the corresponding eigenvalues are shown in (c). (d) shows log j Ej between on site and intersite modes and by a dashed line the quantity log j Gj , where G E P (see text for details). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-top-left-continuation-of-weakly-nonlocal-1126cxrz.png FIG. 3 (color online). (Top left) Continuation of weakly nonlocal solitary waves for various values of 1=" showing three zeros in for c 0:7, 0:5, L 60. Zeros of at " 0:76, 1.02, 1.36. (Top second from left) Continuation of the 3 zeros of , varying " and c with 0:5. Circles on the c 0 axis indicate the transparency points. The top rightmost two panels show the continuation of the (real and imaginary parts of the) solution of branch I for different values of the speed. A typical example of direct integration of the solution of branch I with " 0:911 396 and c 0:894 153 (bottom panels). The space time contour plot of the solution modulus (bottom left panel) and the modulus before (solid line) and after (dashed line) 100 time steps (bottom right panel) are shown. https://scispace.com/papers/radiative-equilibrium-model-of-jupiter-s-atmosphere-and-3trpe57kq6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-comparison-between-temperature-vertical-profiles-19mwtbu0.png Figure 15: Comparison between temperature vertical profiles averaged between 77°S and 77°N as derived by Fletcher et al. (2016) from Cassini/CIRS observations, in dashed lines, and that predicted by our radiative equilibrium model, in solid lines, for the three polar haze scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-comparison-between-tropospheric-temperatures-183z6vrs.png Figure 13: Comparison between tropospheric temperatures derived by Fletcher et al. (2016) from Cassini/CIRS (black stars) and TEXES (red stars) observations at two different seasons, as labeled, and that predicted by our model, in solid lines (in black for Ls=110, in red for Ls=176). The upper and lower panels display temperatures at 110 and 360 mbar, respectively. These results are obtained with a latitudinal-varying internal heat flux; for reference, we also show the simulated temperature obtained when setting a constant internal heat flux (dashed line, Ls=110). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-vertical-profiles-for-the-volume-mixing-ratio-of-11dty1g2.png Figure 2: Vertical profiles for the volume mixing ratio of methane, ethane, acetylene and ammonia corresponding to an average of photochemical models “A” and “C” of Moses et al. (2005) (in black) or to the photochemical model used by Nixon et al. (2007) (in red). The C2H6 and C2H2 vertical profiles of Moses et al. are scaled to the abundances retrieved by Nixon et al. (2010) at 1 mbar and averaged between 40°S and 40°N (shown as squares). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cloud-and-haze-properties-along-with-the-planetary-325tqhz6.png Table 1: Cloud and haze properties along with the planetary albedo computed from globally-averaged 1-D radiative-convective simulations. Bold figures highlight our favored scenario, for which the albedo is close to 0.5, as reported by Li et al. (2018b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-equilibrium-temperature-profiles-for-different-3sb6hxo4.png Figure 3: Equilibrium temperature profiles for different hydrocarbon mixing ratio profiles. Left: example at latitude 20°N, Ls= 0, with the hydrocarbon abundances set to that of Nixon et al. (2007) (in blue) or to the average of model A and C of Moses et al. (2005) (in black) or the latter but with 30% less C2H2 and C2H6 (in red). Right: example at latitude 60°N, Ls= 0, with the reference hydrocarbon abundances (the average of model A and C of Moses et al., 2005) (black line) or with a 50% increase in C2H6 and a 50% decrease in C2H2 (red line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-comparison-between-stratospheric-temperatures-18k9ok0q.png Figure 14: Comparison between stratospheric temperatures derived by Fletcher et al. (2016) from Cassini/CIRS and TEXES observations at two different seasons, as labeled (stars), and that predicted by our model at an intermediate season (Ls=140, lines). The dashed line is for a case where the polar haze was neglected while the grey shading represents the effect of including polar haze scenarios #1 to 3 (with the solid black line referring to scenario #2). The four panels display temperatures at four different pressure levels (0.4, 3, 10 and 25 mbar). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-vertical-profiles-of-heating-rates-in-kelvin-per-1qac7dvu.png Figure 6: Vertical profiles of heating rates (in Kelvin per Jupiter day) due to absorption of solar radiation in the visible and near infrared for different cloud and haze particles, for globally-averaged conditions and Ls=180°. In this example, the haze and cloud optical depth at 0.75 µm are set to 4 and 10, respectively, and the haze and cloud particle sizes to 0.5 and 10 µm. The cloud deck is set at 840 mbar except for one case with a slightly shallower cloud deck, in blue. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-streamlines-computed-from-eq-11-using-the-polar-220583ci.png Figure 17: Streamlines computed from eq. 11, using the polar haze scenario #2 and the averaged temperature derived from Cassini/CIRS and TEXES. The altitude is computed with the convention z=0 km at the 1- bar level. For reference, the bottom of the figure, at 50 km, corresponds to the lower stratosphere (∼50 mbar), while the 1 mbar level lies at ∼135 km. For the sake of clarity, the vertical component has been multiplied by 900 in this figure since the horizontal scale from one pole to the other, in km, is ∼900 times the vertical extent considered here (140 km). https://scispace.com/papers/radiative-transfer-simulations-and-observations-of-infrared-1ho317mydr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-selected-simulation-results-for-infrared-spectra-in-29telkd8.png Figure 1. Selected simulation results for infrared spectra in the presence of polar stratospheric clouds consisting of NAT particles with different particle median radii, STS, and ice. The spectra have been scaled using the mean radiance in the 832.0–834.0 cm−1 (MW2) spectral window such that the radiance for all spectra equals one in this window. The grey vertical bars mark the micro-windows (MWs) used during the analysis; they are numbered from MW1 to MW7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-selected-spectra-for-nat-sts-mixed-clouds-a-and-3mrhrg8q.png Figure 5. Selected spectra for NAT–STS mixed clouds (a) and bimodal NAT particle size distributions (b). The spectra were scaled using the mean radiance in the 832.0–834.0 cm−1 spectral window such that the radiance for all spectra equals one in this window. (a) The solid lines show spectra for unimodal NAT particle size distributions. Red denotes a median radius of 0.5 µm and 10 ppbv HNO3, and blue denotes a median radius of 1.0 µm and 10 ppbv HNO3. The dashed lines show the NAT–STS mixed clouds. The amount of NAT is the same as for the pure NAT simulations, and the volume density of STS is 10 µm3 cm−3 in both cases. (b) The red and blue lines show the spectra for unimodal size distributions with median radii of 2.5 and 6.0 µm respectively. The amount of HNO3 is 10 ppbv in each case. The black line shows the simulation results for a bimodal size distribution with median radii of 2.5 and 6.0 µm and 5 ppbv HNO3 in each mode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-correlations-between-the-different-nat-indices-and-1ymqjmt3.png Figure 9. Correlations between the different NAT indices and the cloud index for the CRISTA-NF observations during RECONCILE flights 1–5: (a) NAT index-1 (819–821 cm−1)/(791–793 cm−1) (MW3/MW1); (b) NAT index-2 (815–817 cm−1)/(791–793 cm−1) (MW4/MW1); (c) NAT index-1 – NAT index-2; (d) NAT index-3 (810–812 cm−1)/(825–827 cm−1) (MW5/MW6). The black lines show the separation lines, which mark the upper envelope of the regions of STS and ice (in panels a, b, and d) or the region of medium and large NAT (in panel c). Simulation results for ice and STS are in shown in dark and light blue respectively. (e) Correlation between the BT difference (832–834 cm−1) – (947.5–950.5 cm−1) and the cloud index for the CRISTA-NF observations during RECONCILE flights 1–5. The black solid line shows the separation line between ice and STS, and the dashed line marks the separation between ice and NAT. (f) Example spectra from flight 1 and flight 3 for ice and NAT PSC respectively. The spectra have been scaled such that the radiance for all spectra equals one in the 832.0–834.0 cm−1 spectral window. The grey bars mark the region of the shifted NAT feature and the region used for the BTD around 949 cm−1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cloud-scenario-simulation-set-up-please-note-that-owjr6px0.png Table 3. Cloud scenario simulation set-up. Please note that “∗” refers to HNO3 VMR (ppbv), and “∗∗” refers to volume density (µm3 cm−3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-altitude-of-the-ci-minimum-full-circles-and-the-3mtcjmyf.png Figure 8. The altitude of the CI minimum (full circles) and the CI gradient minimum (full diamonds) against the real bottom altitude. The black line shows the line with a slope of one. The different cloud thicknesses are shown using colour coding, and the points have been shifted along the line for the sake of clarity. Clouds with a CI minimum< 1.2 (optically thick) and> 5.0 (optically thin) have been excluded. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-correlation-between-the-bt-difference-832-834-cm-1-1z8841o9.png Figure 6. Correlation between the BT difference (832–834 cm−1) – (947.5–950.5 cm−1) and the cloud index. The red solid line shows the separation line between ice and STS, and the dashed line marks the separation between ice and NAT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-vertical-profiles-of-the-cloud-index-a-and-the-16qs4914.png Figure 7. Vertical profiles of the cloud index (a) and the vertical gradient of the cloud index (b) for clouds with different vertical thicknesses. The colour coding shows the vertical thickness (yellow: 1 km; red: 4 km; light blue: from 8 to 23 km). The HNO3 VMRs inside the NAT PSCs are 5 ppbv for the 1 and 8 km thick clouds and 10 ppbv for the 4 km thick cloud. The corresponding shaded areas illustrate the vertical extent of the clouds. The black stars mark the altitudes of the CI minima and the CI gradient minima. The black horizontal line shows the flight altitude. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-the-indices-and-their-corresponding-micro-3a4hg0hz.png Table 4. Summary of the indices and their corresponding micro-windows. https://scispace.com/papers/radical-initiated-and-thermally-induced-hydrogermylation-of-2buixeg2i3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-ideal-model-for-dodecyl-terminated-genss-n-1-b-1tn01lyr.png Figure 5. (a) Ideal model for dodecyl-terminated GeNSs (n = 1). (b) Calculated fractional monolayer (ML) ligand coverage determined using eq 1 for indicated Ge layer thicknesses dGe using XPS, for dodecyl-terminated GeNSs prepared from thermal (black) and AIBN radical (red) hydrogermylation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-thermogravimetric-analysis-tga-top-left-axis-and-33ejg00y.png Figure 6. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA; top, left axis) and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG; bottom, right axis) of GeNSs functionalized through AIBN (black) and thermally induced (red) methods, respectively. The TGA profile of H-terminated GeNS is provided for comparison (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-comparison-of-the-ftir-spectra-of-indicated-2n9atcy0.png Figure 1. (a) Comparison of the FTIR spectra of indicated materials. (b) High-resolution XP spectra of the Ge 3d spectra region for the indicated materials. The deconvolution of each oxidation state has been fit to the Ge 3d5/2 and 3d3/2 spin−orbit pairs in the same color set. (c) Raman spectra of the indicated materials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-b-selected-electron-diffraction-patterns-of-kofhvfkb.png Figure 3. (a, b) Selected electron diffraction patterns of AIBNfunctionalized GeNSs along [0001] zone. (c, d) Line profile. (e, f) Corresponding models. Fully (left) and partially (right) exfoliated nanosheets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-afm-imaging-top-and-height-profiles-bottom-of-1bkuik54.png Figure 2. AFM imaging (top) and height profiles (bottom) of dodecyl-terminated GeNSs deposited on clean silicon (111) substrates obtained using (a) radical-initiated and (b) thermally induced methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top-a-bright-field-tem-and-models-for-ge-nanosheet-2ats4ewr.png Figure 4. Top: (a) Bright-field TEM and models for Ge nanosheet stacking. Middle: (b−e) Magnified regions of the HRTEM images, shown in (f− i), respectively. Bottom: HRTEM images of thermally modified dodecyl-terminated GeNSs measured at different locations: (f) edge of GeNSs; (g) center of GeNSs; (h, j) partially stacked GeNSs. https://scispace.com/papers/radio-access-network-sharing-in-5g-strategies-and-benefits-5eg6mqymak 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-op2s-serving-rates-1ydgerw2.png Table II: Op2’s Serving rates (%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-profit-variation-when-op2-changes-its-sharing-2u60tfnk.png Figure 10: Profit variation when Op2 changes its sharing strategy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-global-blocking-rates-in-the-open-access-mode-3mls4qgu.png Figure 4: Global blocking rates in the open access mode https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-operators-network-blocking-rates-in-the-open-access-1ibs3ds2.png Figure 5: Operators’ network blocking rates in the open access mode https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-blocking-rate-variation-when-op2-changes-its-3p2453gp.png Figure 9: Blocking rate variation when Op2 changes its sharing strategy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-multi-operator-environment-b0gin614.png Figure 1: Multi-operator environment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-operators-global-achieved-profits-in-the-open-2vhj5jad.png Figure 6: Operators’ Global Achieved Profits in the open access mode https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-network-selection-techniques-2bi4ywrk.png Table I: Comparison of Network Selection Techniques https://scispace.com/papers/radio-detection-prospects-for-a-bulge-population-of-1911aeszd4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-same-as-figure-7-but-for-a-meerkat-like-survey-with-2lbcn4xd.png Figure 8. Same as Figure 7, but for a MeerKAT-like survey with parameters as described in Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-complementary-cumulative-distribution-of-flux-14oj7tls.png Figure 1. Complementary cumulative distribution of flux densities at 1.4 GHz, S1400, of the 64 pulsars in the globular clusters that are listed in Table 1, rescaled to a distance of 8.5 kpc. We show for comparison the limiting flux density, ∼0.2 mJy, of the Parkes High Time Resolution universe (HTRU) midlatitude survey (Keith et al. 2010) as well as the reference GBT survey, 0.03 mJy (discussed in Section 3). The plot illustrates that a survey that is significantly deeper than that with Parkes would start probing the radio luminosity function in a regime that is well supported by data. Predictions for radio-bright bulge MSPs ( mS1400 10 Jy) are built upon 43 measured globular cluster MSPs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-total-number-of-radio-msps-nrad-stacked-28p4hsgh.png Table 2 Estimated Total Number of Radio MSPs (Nrad stacked) and of Radio-Bright MSPs (Nrb stacked) in the Stacked Globular Clusters from Table 1, as Inferred from the Observed MSPs Using Three Different Luminosity Functions (Bagchi https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-histogram-of-distances-of-detected-bulge-black-and-21kskm5p.png Figure 10. Histogram of distances of detected bulge (black) and disk MSPs (blue), assuming the MeerKAT reference survey in Table 3. Bulge and disk components can be clearly separated. The bulge component should appear as a clear excess of sources with dispersion measures that indicate distances around 8.5 kpc. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-we-show-the-simulated-bulge-population-of-msps-3n5isr6v.png Figure 6. We show the simulated bulge population of MSPs, modeled from gamma-ray observations as described in the text, both in the period vs. flux density plane (top panel), and in the dispersion measure vs. scattering time plane (bottom panel). Gray dots denote the entire MSP bulge population. The colored dots show which of these sources would be detectable with the various observational scenarios that are described in Table 3. Namely, yellow points correspond to sources that will be detectable by GBT, MeerKAT, and SKAmid, red points for sources detectable by MeerKAT and SKA-mid, and blue points for sources detectable only by SKA-mid. The dashed black line in the upper panel corresponds to the minimum flux sensitivity of the Parkes HTRU mid-latitude survey at a reference value of = -DM 300 pc cm 3, and rescaled for the 10% duty cycle we adopt in the present work. In the bottom panel we show also the average relation from Bhat et al. (2004) as dashed black line. The visible structures correspond to specific sky regions with very large DM, see Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-gamma-ray-luminosity-vs-radio-pseudo-luminosity-at-1kpuemeo.png Figure 11. Gamma-ray luminosity vs. radio pseudo-luminosity at 1.4 GHz, for high-latitude (∣ ∣ > b 15 ) MSPs from Abdo et al. (2013) that pass the flux threshold as defined in the figure. We also show the gamma-ray luminosity threshold ( > ´g -L 5 10 erg s33 1) that we use for selecting radio luminosities for luminous gamma-ray MSPs (see text for details). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-curvature-significance-vs-variability-index-for-2nf0p1yf.png Figure 12. Curvature significance vs. variability index, for all high-latitude sources that pass the flux threshold as indicated in the text and in the figure. We furthermore indicate unassociated sources and MSPs. The horizontal line separates variable from non-variable sources, the vertical line separates sources with a significantly curved spectrum from those whose spectra are power-law like. The full source list and definitions can be found in Acero et al. (2015). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-number-of-positional-correlations-between-the-1p9r9bkv.png Figure 17. Number of positional correlations between the gamma-ray wavelet peaks and the sources in the ATNF catalog, as a function of the Galactic longitude, for latitudes ∣ ∣ < < b2 12 . The left (right) panels correspond to the peaks with significance > 2 ( > 3). The black points represent the correlations found from the real gamma-ray wavelet peak catalog as discussed in the text, while the blue ones are derived from a reshuffling in latitude bins. The analysis is performed for threshold angles 0.2° (left) and 0.1° (right). https://scispace.com/papers/radio-tomographic-imaging-and-tracking-of-stationary-and-1fzm11grmn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-datasets-38vaaxri.png Table 1: Experimental datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-experiment-layout-and-environment-of-exp-5-gsxahs55.png Figure 3: Experiment layout and environment of Exp. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-rmses-from-krti-using-online-iir-and-offline-fir-2ag0abuh.png Table 4: RMSEs from KRTI using online IIR and offline FIR methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-used-in-krti-329toy1b.png Table 2: Parameters used in KRTI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rmses-of-locating-a-moving-person-1u96o4jf.png Table 3: RMSEs of locating a moving person. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-features-of-different-nres-methods-2xov8tme.png Table 5: Features of different NRES methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-krti-error-time-series-17s0flvx.png Figure 15: KRTI error time series. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-detection-results-of-using-histogram-distance-to-3s6sem4x.png Figure 4: Detection results of using histogram distance to detect a person on link line or not. https://scispace.com/papers/radio-sources-from-a-31-ghz-sky-survey-with-the-sunyaev-zel-23r14hnk0l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-survey-observations-35gdvqhu.png Table 1 Survey Observations https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sza-30-ghz-sources-233byk4r.png Table 3 SZA 30 GHz Sources https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-iras-100-mm-dust-map-with-overlay-of-the-sza-field-tizbrpwj.png Figure 1. IRAS 100 μm dust map with overlay of the SZA field locations. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mosaic-pointing-locations-for-a-given-sza-survey-zhvu2yfq.png Figure 2. Mosaic pointing locations for a given SZA survey field. The fields are divided into 16 rows of 16 columns, with the pointings in each row separated by 6.′6 and each row offset from each other by 2.′9. This leads to each field being roughly 2◦ × 1◦ in area. In a single track, the SZA observed four pointings within a given row. For example, pointings in the first and ninth, followed by pointings in the second and tenth columns. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sza-area-coverage-3243qq0o.png Table 4 SZA Area Coverage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-spectral-index-distribution-for-31-ghz-selected-3lf1jcw5.png Figure 3. Top: spectral index distribution for 31 GHz selected sources detected with the SZA relative to their 1.4 GHz flux seen by NVSS, where Sν ∝ ν−α . Red histograms denote sources with identified counterparts while blue histograms include upper limits for undetected sources, assuming the NVSS completeness limit of 3.5 mJy. Bottom: same histograms but for counterparts found in the 5 GHz VLA follow-up data, with a limiting flux of 0.33 mJy at 5 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top-measurements-of-the-31-ghz-dn-ds-from-this-work-24h99ceh.png Figure 4. Top: measurements of the 31 GHz dN/dS from this work and prior experimental results from OVRO/BIMA (Coble et al. 2007), CBI (Mason et al. 2003), the VSA (Cleary et al. 2005), and DASI (Kovac et al. 2002). Bottom: comparison of the SZA dN/dS to projections from lower frequencies by de Zotti et al. (2005) and Mason et al. (2009). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-survey-sensitivity-18i4mtq2.png Table 2 Survey Sensitivity https://scispace.com/papers/radioactive-ion-beams-at-the-bevalac-greatly-enhanced-8api4tcguv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-h0yprj7c.png Table I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-bend-angle-at-xm4-has-been-increased-to-9-6-which-36mj4tdm.png Fig. 1. The bend angle at XM4 has been increased to 9.6", which, along with a change in the quadrupole location, results in a dispersion of llx = 2.0 m at F2. Fig. 3 shows an optics diagram https://scispace.com/papers/radioactive101-learning-through-radio-learning-for-life-an-2mj7k16fz1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-radioactive101-uk-web-site-1e9yomsj.png Figure 1. RadioActive101 UK Web-site https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-portugal-web-site-showing-images-during-the-co-1stkore0.png Figure 2. Portugal Web-site, showing images during the co-production of a show https://scispace.com/papers/radioactivity-and-damage-studies-for-next-generation-4ydaybihdu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-strengths-obtainable-for-different-quads-types-iron-1z8uyifw.png Figure 3: Strengths obtainable for different quads types[?]: iron pole-tip fields Bp=12 kG, remanent fields Br=11.5 kG for PMs and NbTi wire with Jc=2 kA/mm2 at 5T & 4.2◦. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-cross-sectional-view-of-a-1-6-cell-laser-1m0mdn6q.png Figure 2: Schematic, cross-sectional view of a 1.6-cell, laser-driven RF gun. The internal, unshaded areas are to be maintained continuously at very high vacuum to sustain a stable and acceptable quantum efficiency as well as avoid RF breakdown damage. L or S-Band RF cells set the scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-layout-of-the-slac-nlcta-rf-photoinjector-s9brh5cv.png Figure 1: Layout of the SLAC NLCTA RF photoinjector. https://scispace.com/papers/radiocarbon-analysis-of-modern-skeletal-remains-to-determine-39einaxr4f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-times-of-commencement-and-completion-of-crown-and-2rxfzwgk.png Table 2 Times of commencement and completion of crown and root development in the teeth https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-year-of-birth-calculations-using-calibomb-for-lower-23wbvzmx.png Table 3 Year of birth calculations using CALIBomb for lower canine and lower lateral incisor. The duration of crown or root formation is used as the smoothing term (Method 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-human-remains-from-collyhurst-manchester-2zxm1f6v.png Figure 1 Human remains from Collyhurst, Manchester https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-year-of-birth-calculations-using-calibomb-for-lower-2cdx1ttk.png Table 4 Year-of-birth calculations using CALIBomb for lower canine and lower lateral incisor. No smoothing term was used. Again, the time of 50% completion of the crown or root relative to birth was subtracted from the calibrated age to produce a year of birth (Method 2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-year-of-death-calculations-using-calibomb-29au2yb4.png Table 5 Year of death calculations using CALIBomb. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-yields-14c-fraction-modern-f14c-and-stable-3kb89182.png Table 1 Sample yields, 14C fraction modern (F14C) and stable isotope values for bone and teeth samples. https://scispace.com/papers/radiofrequency-ablation-as-initial-therapy-in-paroxysmal-5ccj8kmr9v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-burden-of-atrial-fibrillation-and-proportion-of-37bnoisx.png Figure 1. Burden of Atrial Fibrillation and Proportion of Patients Who Were Free of Atrial Fibrillation during the 2-Year Study Period, According to Treatment Group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-the-patients-according-2ezvr8vc.png Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the Patients According to Assignment to Initial Treatment with Radiofrequency Ablation or Antiarrhythmic Drugs.* https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-serious-adverse-events-3oljn9aa.png Table 3. Serious Adverse Events.* https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sf-36-quality-of-life-scores-19o6n4pu.png Table 2. SF-36 Quality-of-Life Scores.* https://scispace.com/papers/radiofrequency-and-mechanical-tests-of-silver-coated-cucrzr-5a95l3i7om 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-maximum-current-achieved-during-the-flat-top-phase-on-756bix2v.png Fig. 10. Maximum current achieved during the flat-top phase on the contact under test versus the total shot duration in seconds (in log scale). The marker colour corresponds to the average pressure during (and few seconds after) the shot or to the shot duration. The RF test ultimate target corresponds to the intersection of the red dashed lines. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-voltage-and-currents-inside-the-resonator-for-an-input-343bpdp4.png Fig. 4. Voltage and currents inside the resonator for an input power of 60 kW at 62.64MHz. L= 0 indicates the location of the T-junction. Orange lines correspond to the DUT branch (L< 0) and blue lines to the tuning (CEA) branch (L>0). Grey dashed vertical lines illustrate the locations of the voltage probes. The resonator characteristic impedances are illustrated in the third graph. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-resonator-input-voltage-reflection-coefficient-s11-sa78vz7f.png Fig. 3. Resonator input voltage reflection coefficient (S11) when matched at 62.64MHz. The transmission line model of the resonator is fitted to the measurements in order to deduce the equivalent resistances of both shorts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-cad-illustration-of-the-sliding-la-cut-test-setup-3dtw1uul.png Fig. 12. CAD Illustration of the sliding LA-CUT test setup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-current-density-in-a-m-on-the-inner-conductor-in-the-1uek32mi.png Fig. 5. Current density in A/m on the inner conductor in the full-wave model of the matched resonator excited by 60 kW at 62.64 MHz. Short-circuits at the end of both branches are not illustrated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-resonator-inspection-at-dut-side-left-contacts-located-3noachtv.png Fig. 6. Resonator Inspection at DUT side. Left: Contacts located on the DUT trolley (outer conductor). Right: CuCrZr ring (inner conductor). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-left-zoom-on-the-tip-of-louver-after-30-000-cycles-alwsrhhw.png Fig. 16. Left: zoom on the tip of louver after 30 000 cycles. The wearing of the louver is of the order of 150 μm. Right: Picture of the CuCrZr ring after 30 000 cycles. The 1.5mm long scratches depth (in the middle of the picture) is of the order of 60–80 μm on a width of 0.1mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-average-sliding-load-versus-the-equivalent-distance-3m3qjtiy.png Fig. 15. Average Sliding Load versus the equivalent distance travelled by contact band. https://scispace.com/papers/radiographer-reporting-of-neurological-magnetic-resonance-1wuctt5xo8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-range-of-abnormalities-included-in-the-ose-2d0cl128.png Figure 1 Range of abnormalities included in the OSE https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-scores-by-anatomical-area-37t22bpo.png Table 2 Mean scores by anatomical area https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-highest-and-lowest-scoring-cases-o7jjrrv8.png Table 3 Highest and lowest scoring cases https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-sensitivity-specificity-and-agreement-rates-2q43t50m.png Table 1 Mean sensitivity, specificity and agreement rates https://scispace.com/papers/radiofrequency-versus-ultrasonic-energy-in-laparoscopic-16do1go16f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-studies-ahnrtwcz.png Table 1 Details of studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ligasure-versus-ultracision-intraoperative-blood-3tasdas8.png Table 4 LigaSure versus ultracision, intraoperative blood loss, different studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ligasure-versus-ultracision-energy-intraoperative-27lwq0sm.png Table 3 LigaSure versus ultracision energy: intraoperative blood loss https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ligasure-versus-ultrasonic-energy-operating-time-ca4qtig8.png Table 2 LigaSure versus ultrasonic energy: operating time https://scispace.com/papers/radiological-evaluation-of-tate-elbow-cartridge-position-in-18swjiajb1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-table-to-show-the-inclination-as-predicted-by-the-3dz2h2h3.png Table 2: Table to show the inclination, as predicted by the deterministic model, required to cause the measured component angle to change by 5° from the zero degrees inclination angle. For varus/valgus cartridge alignment angle during internal and external rotation, since the zero degrees inclination angle was less than 5°, the change in inclination did not exceed 5° because the angle gradually reduced to zero. ML = mediolateral, CC = caudocranial, 1G = first https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-measurement-of-the-position-of-the-humeral-34wmpc2a.png Figure 5: a) Measurement of the position of the humeral component relative to the humeral 29 mechanical axis (the humeral component angle, HCA). b) Measurement of the position of the radio-30 ulnar component relative to the humeral mechanical axis (the radio-ulnar component angle, RCA). c) 31 Measurement of the cartridge height to ulnar isthmus width ratio (CIR). d) Measurement of the 32 varus/valgus alignment of the cartridge (the varus/valgus angle, VVA). Mediolateral images: Purple 33 ellipse = humeral head, red circle = articular surface of the humeral/radio-ulnar component, yellow 34 line = mechanical axis of the humerus, blue line = component line, θ = component angle, measured 35 between the yellow and blue lines cranial to their intersect (orange), green line = isthmus width, 36 purple line = cartridge height. Caudocranial image: Long yellow line = line passing through the centre 37 of the ellipse and the mid-portion of the most distal aspect of the radio-ulnar component, short 38 yellow line = line from distal aspect of the first line to the mid-portion of the proximal extent of the 39 radio-ulnar component, θ = varus/valgus angle. 40 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-illustration-of-how-the-circles-were-templated-for-2fh1glho.png Figure 6: Illustration of how the circles were templated for best fit depending on the appearance of 42 components with changing inclination. a) Circular template of the radio-ulnar component. b) Best fit 43 oval template of the radio-ulnar component. c) Three circle template of the radio-ulnar component 44 when the limb was inclined in adduction or abduction. d) Three circle template of the radio-ulnar 45 component when the limb was inclined in external rotation or internal rotation. See text for further 46 details. 47 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-one-of-the-four-cir-graphs-demonstrating-the-1mlbtzgk.png Figure 10: One of the four CIR graphs demonstrating the observer measured change. All four graphs 67 showed a very similar trend and so are not shown. 68 https://scispace.com/papers/radiometric-measurements-of-the-microwave-emissivity-of-foam-46xkrfcaub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-foam-and-calm-water-emissivities-at-36-5-ghz-vertical-ti0myez5.png Fig. 4. Foam and calm-water emissivities at 36.5 GHz, vertical and horizontal polarization. The curves labeled “Poly V” and “Poly H” are the polynomial fits to the V and H foam emissivity data, respectively. “Calm V” and “Calm H” are the calm-water experimental results; “Model V” and “Model H” are modeled emissivity curves based on the Fresnel reflection coefficients of calm water [17]. The data points labeled “Smith, V” and “Smith, H” are from aircraft measurements over the ocean at an incidence angle of 50[8]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-photograph-of-experimental-setup-at-the-naval-research-1i89nbh5.png Fig. 1. Photograph of experimental setup at the Naval Research Laboratory’s Chesapeake Bay Detachment showing the foam generator floating on the sea surface and the two radiometers in the cradle of a telescopic arm lift. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-typical-image-of-the-bubble-microstructure-in-the-29b9exjf.png Fig. 3. Typical image of the bubble microstructure in the interior of the foam, as recorded by an underwater camera mounted near the center of the foam raft. The scale bar shown in the upper left corner represents a distance of 1000 m. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-coefficients-of-thepower-seriesmodel-function-at-36-1kma93a4.png TABLE I COEFFICIENTS OF THEPOWER-SERIESMODEL FUNCTION AT 36.5 GHz https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-foam-and-calm-water-emissivity-at-10-8-ghz-for-45-109tr9cs.png Fig. 6. Foam and calm-water emissivity at 10.8 GHz for 45 linear (M) polarization. “Poly M” is the polynomial fit to the M foam emissivity data. “Calm M” represents the experimental results for calm water. The “Model M” results are based on the Fresnel reflection coefficients of calm sea water [17]. https://scispace.com/papers/radiolysis-model-sensitivity-analysis-for-a-used-fuel-3tpcrbhltq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-fill-gas-composition-assuming-residual-1-l-of-2ys77k9h.png Figure 3+5. Fill Gas Composition Assuming Residual 1 L of Water and 0.1% Air with Nominal Dose Rate (Solid Line) and with an Additional 10+year Decay (Dashed Line) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-fill-gas-composition-over-100-years-assuming-kwanhahk.png Figure 3+4. Fill Gas Composition over 100 Years Assuming Residual 1 L of Water and 1% Air with Nominal Dose Rate (Solid Line) and with an Additional 10+Year Decay (Dashed Line) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-6-fill-gas-composition-assuming-residual-0-2-l-of-2dt8eapw.png Figure 3+6. Fill Gas Composition Assuming Residual 0.2 L of Water and 0.1% Air with Nominal Dose Rate (Solid Line) and with an Additional 10+year Decay (Dashed Line) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-gamma-dose-rates-outside-pressurized-water-reactor-ccloxu4x.png Table 3+1. Gamma dose rates outside Pressurized Water Reactor Spent Nuclear Fuel Rods. Table reproduced from BSC (2002) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-8-concentrations-of-water-layer-radiolysis-products-1rfe03f5.png Figure 3+8. Concentrations of Water Layer Radiolysis Products as a Function of Time https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-10-gamma-dose-g-values-for-liquid-water-1tanbd7d.png Table 3+10. Gamma Dose G+values for Liquid Water https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-9-composition-correlation-matrix-all-2inq1bfg.png Table 3+9. Composition Correlation Matrix (All) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-dose-rate-and-cooling-history-fit-to-bsc-2004-25vm5563.png Figure 3+1. Dose Rate and Cooling History fit to BSC (2004) https://scispace.com/papers/radiology-image-perception-and-observer-performance-how-does-miu2sqwpdt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-figure-2-figure-3-2lhzd6zo.png Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-figure-5-figure-6-4uuywvsj.png Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correctly-reported-and-located-lesions-in-11vfbwlf.png Table 1. Correctly reported and located lesions (in percentages), by case and participant group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-figure-8-figure-9-m6ykdvj5.png Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-mean-time-seconds-spent-fixating-within-an-aoi-3fpey5tv.png Table 3. The mean time (seconds) spent fixating within an AOI, mean total fixations per case and percentage of time in AOI. https://scispace.com/figures/figures-7-14-represent-mean-time-ms-to-primary-lesion-across-2u92ylw5.png Figures 7-14 represent mean time (ms) to primary lesion across each image by participant group for AST-NSN cases. N.B. Trainee slice 4 was excluded (29.3ms) for ease of graph interpretation for case ASA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-mean-number-of-fixations-within-an-aoi-mean-2g3qyfhm.png Table 2. The mean number of fixations within an AOI, mean total fixations per case and percentage of fixations in the AOI. https://scispace.com/papers/radionuclide-concentrations-in-soils-an-vegetation-at-low-56klh0q2u8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-location-of-area-g-at-los-alamos-national-1fy7fmdx.png Figure 1. The location of Area G at Los Alamos National Laboratory. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-radionuclide-concentrations-tpu-99-confidence-level-21y79uim.png Table 2. Radionuclide Concentrations (TPU, 99% confidence level) in Soils collected from Area G in 2004. (Bold values are greater than the TPU and RSRL). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-site-sample-locations-of-soils-and-vegetation-at-3m3hl0mi.png Figure 2. Site/sample locations of soils and vegetation at Area G. (Site #8 is located farther west and Site #9 is located farther south than what is shown here.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-radionuclide-concentrations-tpu-99-confidence-level-od4io82y.png Table 4. Radionuclide Concentrations (TPU, 99% confidence level) in Unwashed Understory Vegetation Collected from Area G in 2004. (Bold Values are Equal to or Greater than Both the TPU and RSRL values.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sampling-locations-used-in-2004-and-shown-on-figure-qzow4pn0.png Table 1. Sampling Locations Used in 2004 and shown on Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-radionuclide-concentrations-tpu-99-confidence-level-2cd1x546.png Table 3. Radionuclide Concentrations (TPU, 99% confidence level) in Unwashed Overstory Vegetation Collected from Area G in 2004. (Bold Values are Equal to or Greater than Both the TPU and RSRL values.) https://scispace.com/papers/radiopharmaceuticals-for-sentinel-node-detection-4ofkznqf20 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distance-pixel-number-1y3mpmof.png Figure 3 - Distance (pixel number) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distance-pixel-number-366hhtkc.png Figure 2 - Distance (pixel number) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distance-pixel-number-j65lmiv7.png Figure 1 - Distance (pixel number) https://scispace.com/papers/radiotelemetry-reveals-key-data-for-the-conservation-of-2uzcmrmkky 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-home-range-size-estimates-in-hectares-for-gabela-2xhgwp7n.png Table 2. Home-range size estimates (in hectares) for Gabela akalats with > 30 locations (M12 was excluded from analysis, successful locations =16). Mean, standard deviation and ranges – mean ± SD (range) – are presented for females (n=6), males (n=11) and total birds (n=17). Total were calculated across all individuals. Estimation methods were minimum convex polygons with 95% (MCP 95) and 100% locations (MCP 100) and kernel contours with 100% locations with least square cross-validation (Kernellscv) and reference smoothing parameter (Kernelref). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-radio-tracked-birds-in-kumbira-forest-information-24d3ybom.png Table 1 Radio-tracked birds in Kumbira Forest. Information included is: bird identification (ID), year bird was captured (year), bird’s sex (sex), bird’s weight in g (w), sampling area where bird was radio-tracked (sampling area), number of days the bird was radio-tracked (days), number of location attempts (location attempts), number of successful locations (successful locations) and the percent of location attempts that gave a successful location (success percent). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-habitat-types-percentages-for-all-sampled-gabela-o1dxfd6b.png Table 3. Habitat types percentages for all sampled Gabela akalats (n=15) for (a) second-order selection between minimum convex polygons (MCP) using 95% locations and sampling areas; and (b) third-order selection between locations and MCP using 100% locations. https://scispace.com/papers/radiopotentiation-of-enzalutamide-over-human-prostate-cancer-2grph9al3b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-enzalutamide-sensitizes-lncap-cells-but-not-pc-3-2vthask6.png Figure 2. Enzalutamide sensitizes LNCaP cells but not PC-3 cells to radiotherapy. (a) RTCA cell growth data of LNCaP cells treated with either DMSO (vehicle control, graph on the left) or enzalutamide (graph on the right) for three days followed by the irradiation doses as indicated. The bar graph represents means of Cell Index with standard deviations as error bars. Treatments with DMSO (no enza) or enzalutamide are indicated, as well as irradiation doses. (b) Same as in (a) but for PC-3 cells. (c) Bar graph representing the percentage of anexin Vpositive cells in cultures of the indicated cell lines, treated with DMSO or enzalutamide at the IC50 concentrations followed by treatments with 10 Gy where indicated. Relevant statistical comparisons are shown within the graphs. ***, indicates highly significant differences (P<0.001). ns, indicates non-significant differences (P>0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-inhibition-of-cell-growth-by-enzalutide-as-assessed-2wowu6ca.png Figure 1. Inhibition of cell growth by enzalutide as assessed by real-time cell monitoring. (a) The graph on the left shows real-time growth kinetics from control-treated LNCaP cells (DMSO carrier) or treated with 1, 5 or 10 μM enzalutamide, as indicated in the graph. On the right, the data from two RTCA experiments with duplicates within each one are plotted as a bar graph, with means (Cell Indexes) and standard deviations as error bars. (b) As in (a) but with PC-3 cells. Cell index is plotted as means from duplicates together with error bar. (c) The graphs on the left show the inhibition plots of either LNCaP cells (top graph) or PC-3 cells (bottom graph) following enzalutamide treatments at increasing concentrations, as calculated by RTCA. The calculated IC50 values are highlighted in yellow within each graph. On the right, column graphs representing the calculated IC50s from two independent experiments, each experiment in duplicates, for LNCaP and PC-3 cells as indicated. Relevant statistical comparisons are shown. (d) Bar graph representing the percentage of anexin V-positive cells in cultures of the indicated cell lines, treated with DMSO or enzalutamide at the IC50 concentrations as calculated in (c). Relevant statistical comparisons are shown within the graphs. *, **, ***, indicate significant (P<0.05), very significant (P<0.01) and highly (P<0.001) significant differences, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/radiotherapy-technical-aspects-4owtnv6qme 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-radiotherapy-immobil-i-zation-mask-2n5q2ipj.png Figure 2. Radiotherapy immobil i zation mask. https://scispace.com/papers/radiotherapy-with-carbogen-breathing-and-nicotinamide-in-ov9zbcnqrw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-scores-for-mucosal-and-skin-reactions-2dexg8jj.png Table 2 Scores for mucosal and skin reactions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-patients-according-to-treatment-and-site-3lpnhk01.png Table 1 Number of patients according to treatment and site of primary disease and clinical stage (UICC 1992 staging system) https://scispace.com/papers/radish-always-on-sound-and-complete-race-detection-in-6l1ec51zkq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-in-hardware-status-is-downgraded-when-metadata-is-1m37otwg.png Figure 5. In-hardware status is downgraded when metadata is evicted from the last-level cache. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frequency-of-important-radish-events-expressed-as-16jvy6yx.png Table 2. Frequency of important RADISH events, expressed as occurrences per 1,000 instructions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-proportion-of-hardware-caches-used-for-various-1qphrfqa.png Figure 11. Proportion of hardware caches used for various kinds of data, throughout executions of vips (top) and fluidanimate (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-an-example-trace-showing-how-radish-metadata-is-ksa0yy4n.png Table 1. An example trace showing how RADISH metadata is updated. Empty cells indicate the value is the same as in the cell above. The local component of each core’s vector clock is underlined. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-flowchart-describing-when-and-how-radish-performs-2450yzqj.png Figure 6. Flowchart describing when and how RADISH performs race checks for each memory access. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-diminishing-returns-of-increasing-the-number-of-3bhstb2u.png Figure 8. The diminishing returns of increasing the number of cores dedicated to asynchronous checks. The lightest bars (“0”) are for synchronous RADISH. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-percentage-of-memory-accesses-handled-by-radishs-122z08u6.png Figure 10. Percentage of memory accesses handled by RADISH’s various race detection mechanisms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-bars-show-overhead-of-fasttrack-dark-and-1f6b8bbk.png Figure 7. Bars show overhead of FastTrack (dark) and synchronous RADISH (light) normalized to FastTrack. Numbers show overhead with respect to a non-RADISH system. https://scispace.com/papers/radium-isotopes-as-a-tracer-of-water-sources-and-mixing-in-29lt1ly0o9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simplified-geological-map-of-the-study-area-showing-3q09a4v7.png Fig. 1 Simplified geological map of the study area showing the main geological units and hydrological characteristics. The sampling point locations are reported along the Upper Vidourle course, and the Lez spring is indicated on the left map. (For a colored view of the figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-geographical-variation-of-a-228ra-226ra-ratios-and-b-2ltx1zcs.png Fig. 4 Geographical variation of a (228Ra/226Ra) ratios and b 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the Upper Vidourle and Lez hydrosystems. Note that the error bars for (228Ra/226Ra) ratios correspond to the analytical uncertainties, while the bars for 87Sr/86Sr ratios indicate the range of 87Sr/86Sr values measured at different dates at the same sampling site (Table 2). The two parallel trends of decreasing isotope ratios downstream illustrate the increasing influence of carbonate dissolution. The dashed line separates the Vidourle and Lez hydrosystems. (For a colored view of the figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article, same symbols in Figs. 2, 3, 4 , 5) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-variation-of-228ra-226ra-with-1-226ra-of-samples-in-1u1ezeu2.png Fig. 3 Variation of (228Ra/226Ra) with 1/(226Ra) of samples in Table  2, suggesting two mixing processes in the Vidourle waters between (i) the Variscan basement (VA) and Baumel (V2) waters (dashed line A), and (ii) the Saint Hippolyte-du-Fort waters (V3, V4) and typical karstic Jurassic/Cretaceous waters (J + C component, as defined by Molina-Porras et al. 2017b) (dashed line B). The Lez data define a third mixing trend (dashed line C) between this J + C component and a “deep” water end-member D (Molina Porras et al. 2017b). See text for further explanation. (For a colored view of the figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article, same symbols in Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-228ra-226ra-versus-223ra-226ra-and-b-228ra-226ra-vs-1h0ho0s0.png Fig. 5 a (228Ra/226Ra) versus (223Ra/226Ra) and b (228Ra/226Ra) vs 1/(226Ra) in water samples of BaumelSaint-Hippolyte-du-Fort section of the Vidourle river. The linear correlations are explained by mixing between the Valestalière water (VA), derived from the Variscan basement and the Baumel water (V2) (see text for further explanation). (For a colored view of the figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article, same symbols in Figs. 2, 3, 4 , 5) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mg-ca-vs-na-ca-molar-ratios-of-samples-in-table-1-2y67m0sm.png Fig. 2 Mg/Ca vs Na/Ca molar ratios of samples in Table 1, showing some typical values of waters from different geological reservoirs. Typical values for the Upper Vidourle hydrosystem are taken from Legeay unpublished data (2013): waters draining granites (red field), granites and schists (green field), waters sampled at Cros (gray field), Saint-Hippolyte-du-Fort (pink field), from the Sauve aquifer (light blue field) and from La Fage Mountain (violet field). Values for the Lez spring (blue field) are taken from Batiot-Guilhe et  al. (2013) and Molina Porras et  al. (2017b). These fields are both related to the sampling area and to the lithology of the drained rocks. Additional indications: waters draining G (granite), G + S (granite and Cévennes schist), Tr (Triassic evaporites), Dol (Liassic dolomite), J + C (Jurassic and Cretaceous limestones). D represents the deep mineralized water component of the Lez spring. (For a colored view of the figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article, same symbols in Figs. 2, 3, 4 ,5) https://scispace.com/papers/ragweed-pollen-and-allergic-symptoms-in-children-results-4s1k8nfdga 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-model-showing-associations-with-the-reported-35lia0qo.png Table 3: Model showing associations with the reported presence or absence of nasal symptoms https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-characteristics-of-children-2wt4yjuo.png Table 1: Summary characteristics of children https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relationship-between-total-daily-pollen-grains-m3-zzm3eoj2.png Figure 1: Relationship between total daily pollen grains/m3 and percentage of days when children reported symptoms. https://scispace.com/papers/raindrop-size-distribution-measurements-in-tropical-cyclones-iqclsew4ik 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-integral-rain-parameters-in-two-rain-events-in-roi-3aa4fxat.png TABLE 3. Integral rain parameters in two rain events in Roi-Namur and combined four events in tropical cyclones at 40 dBZ. The combined tropical cyclone events were Hurricane Alex, Hurricane Charley, Hurricane Gaston, and Tropical Storm Tammy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tropical-cyclone-track-maps-for-a-hurricane-alex-b-3rftq58n.png FIG. 1. Tropical cyclone track maps for (a) Hurricane Alex, (b) Hurricane Charley, (c) Hurricane Gaston, (d) Tropical Storm Matthew, (e) Hurricane Cindy, (f) Tropical Storm Tammy, and (g) Tropical Storm Alberto. The maps were redrawn following the National Hurricane Center Tropical Prediction Center Web page. The Saffir– Simpson intensity scale of tropical cyclones is given to the right of (g) (facing page). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-synoptic-settings-of-the-tropical-cyclones-including-28gcmoy4.png TABLE 1. Synoptic settings of the tropical cyclones including maximum wind speed and the lowest surface pressure at the time of observation. The disdrometer and gauge rainfall, disdrometer rainy minutes, and maximum sustained wind speed near the observation site are also given. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-composite-raindrop-spectra-for-a-hurricane-alex-jn4o0ieq.png FIG. 3. The composite raindrop spectra for (a) Hurricane Alex, Hurricane Charley, Hurricane Gaston, and Tropical Storm Matthew; and (b) Hurricane Cindy, Tropical Storm Tammy, and Tropical Storm Alberto in Orlando, FL, and in Wallops Island, VA. The number of 1-min observations is also given for each case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-variability-of-normalized-gamma-size-distribution-vun53ldh.png FIG. 6. The variability of normalized gamma size distribution parameters: (a) mean mass diameter, (b) normalized intercept parameter, and (c) shape parameter as a function of reflectivity. The parameters were derived from disdrometer observations that were collected in four Atlantic tropical cyclones (Hurricane Alex, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-series-of-raindrop-size-distribution-for-a-27-28-264u5ath.png FIG. 4. Time series of raindrop size distribution for (a) 27–28 Jul 2003 and (b) 19–20 Dec 2003 rain events that were observed on Roi-Namur Island. The scale for the drop concentration is given next to the first case graph. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-composite-raindrop-spectra-for-27-28-jul-2003-and-3jfj2rwm.png FIG. 5. The composite raindrop spectra for 27–28 Jul 2003 and 19–20 Dec 2003 rain events that were observed on Roi-Namur Island. The composite raindrop spectra of Atlantic tropical cyclones are included after the disdrometer observations from four tropical cyclones (Hurricane Alex, Hurricane Charley, Hurricane Gaston, and Tropical Storm Tammy) were merged. The number of 1-min observations is also given for each case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-continued-2x1xd5d7.png FIG. 1. Tropical cyclone track maps for (a) Hurricane Alex, (b) Hurricane Charley, (c) Hurricane Gaston, (d) Tropical Storm Matthew, (e) Hurricane Cindy, (f) Tropical Storm Tammy, and (g) Tropical Storm Alberto. The maps were redrawn following the National Hurricane Center Tropical Prediction Center Web page. The Saffir– Simpson intensity scale of tropical cyclones is given to the right of (g) (facing page). https://scispace.com/papers/rainbow-spanning-subgraphs-in-bounded-edge-colourings-of-2gxjrp85aa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cases-6-7-and-8-a5nkf7fm.png Figure 1: Cases (6), (7) and (8). https://scispace.com/papers/raindrop-size-distribution-modeling-for-radio-link-design-39vshe37t8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-seasonal-variation-of-probability-distribution-8118u2zt.png Figure 2. Seasonal variation of Probability distribution functions for selected rain rate ranges for Durban. (a) 0–5 mm/h. (b) 5–10 mm/h. (c) 10–20 mm/h. (d) 30–40 mm/h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-n-d-evaluated-for-selected-rain-rates-using-1jd5utf6.png Figure 3. N(D) evaluated for selected rain rates using different methods for Durban. (a) 5 mm/h. (b) 10 mm/h. (c) 30mm/h. (d) 60 mm/h. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameters-and-error-values-for-the-initial-and-24vkaxds.png Table 3. Parameters and error values for the initial and optimised lognormal distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-gamma-coefficients-using-the-method-of-moments-mom-2nstb7gi.png Table 6. Gamma coefficients using the Method of Moments (MoM). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-specific-rain-attenuation-for-durban-2641s90o.png Figure 5. Comparison of Specific Rain Attenuation for Durban and selected tropical regions. (a) A (dB/km) at R0.01 = 60 mm/h. (b) Measured and Calculated A (dB/km) at 20 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-lognormal-coefficients-using-the-method-of-moments-21a4cadx.png Table 5. Lognormal coefficients using the Method of Moments (MoM). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-biweight-kernel-estimate-ise-pdf-for-various-h-i2r6k2uz.png Table 2. Biweight kernel estimate ISE pdf for various h. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measured-minutes-for-given-rain-rate-ranges-rjurof7n.png Table 1. Measured minutes for given rain rate ranges. https://scispace.com/papers/raising-high-energy-performance-glass-block-from-waste-2jgiivs5g7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-energy-performance-of-glass-block-models-based-on-13rgmur1.png Table 1. Energy Performance of Glass Block Models Based on Analytical and Simulation Approach https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-prototype-of-model-l10-l2x2-r1-30-left-and-model-l18-jdaq9mq5.png Fig. 5. Prototype of model l10_l2x2_r1_30 (left) and model l18_l3x2_r2_30 (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temperature-profile-of-application-of-glass-block-2tv8pjfs.png Fig. 4. Temperature profile of application of glass block without cavity (top-left), with open cavity (top-right), with closed cavity (bottom-left), and with open cavity in cooler environment (bottom-right) [11] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-shgc-measurement-using-power-meter-sp2065-defining-the-h5i4owqn.png Fig. 3. SHGC measurement using Power meter SP2065: defining the apparatus position (left) and measurement of model l18_l3x2_r2_30 (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-apparatus-of-vt-laboratory-test-af5s3241.png Fig. 2. Schematic apparatus of VT laboratory test https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-heat-balance-of-best-models-1snituss.png Table 2. Heat Balance of Best Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-laboratory-test-results-of-the-vt-and-the-shgc-hpxcxj0p.png Table 3. Laboratory Test Results of the VT and the SHGC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulation-model-in-a-black-box-11-175m8y9o.png Fig. 1. Simulation model in a black box [11] https://scispace.com/papers/rainfall-validates-modis-derived-ndvi-as-an-index-of-spatio-3fcpu2ccbk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-665-ze5aqsyj.png Figures 665 https://scispace.com/papers/raise-iii-3c-radio-agn-energetics-and-composition-3ii0of40w5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-axis-ratio-evolution-as-a-function-of-the-lobe-3bsicger.png Figure 8. Axis ratio evolution as a function of the lobe length estimated using our dynamical model compared to that predicted by the hydrodynamical simulations of Hardcastle & Krause (2013). All lines are the same as in Fig. 7. The large spike in axis ratios predicted by Hardcastle & Krause (2013) at small sizes is due to the jet punching through the host environment before the lobe has been inflated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-axis-ratio-evolution-predicted-by-the-lobed-fr-mfzghgpm.png Figure 9. The axis ratio evolution predicted by the lobed FR-I/II dynamical model as a function of source size for a range of jet powers and opening angles (i.e. initial axis ratios). The modelled evolution for the mean initial axis ratio of the 3C sub-sample (purple) and the ±1σ values (grey and red) is plotted assuming typical modelled jet powers. For each initial axis ratio, we plot the axis ratio evolution for the mean host galaxy stellar mass (dashed line), the mean lowered 1σ (solid line) and raised 1σ (dotted line). Superimposed on this plot are the observed present-time axis ratios of the sources in our sample. Clearly, using the typical jet powers and environments, the large spread in observed axis ratios can be simulated with a narrow initial range. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-the-consistency-of-jet-power-estimates-is-compared-1t4zku2t.png Figure 14. The consistency of jet power estimates is compared to the best estimates for fitting algorithms using the two observables size and luminosity (top panel), break frequency and luminosity (middle panel), and a single variable fit using only luminosity (bottom panel). The jet powers estimated using the three variable full fit are plotted on the horizontal axis with the jet powers of the simpler models on the vertical axis. The red circles and associated ellipses show the mark the 1σ model uncertainties for each radio source with the dashed line marking a one-to-one relationship. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-same-as-fig-14-but-comparing-the-consistency-of-2p61mgaq.png Figure 15. Same as Fig. 14, but comparing the consistency of the source age estimates to the full fitting algorithm for each model simplification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spectral-fit-to-the-lobe-synchrotron-emission-of-3krs7st5.png Figure 4. Spectral fit to the lobe synchrotron emission of the typical radio source 3C20. The observed flux densities taken from Laing & Peacock (1980) are plotted with grey circles and 2σ error bars. The fit to these multifrequency observations assumes the parametrized form of the CImodel (Section 2.3), with the fitted injection spectral indexαinj and break frequency νb parameters stated on the plot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-synchrotron-age-as-a-function-of-the-dynamical-age-1rb6t9cs.png Figure 3. Synchrotron age as a function of the dynamical age for a broad range of simulated radio galaxies. The radio source jet power, magnetic field strength, synchrotron energy injection index, and host galaxy properties are varied in these simulations (grey lines). The thick red line plots the 1σ uncertainties in the synchrotron–dynamical age relationship. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fits-of-the-standard-ci-model-to-the-simulated-3mu5aqc6.png Figure 2. Fits of the standard CI model to the simulated radio source spectra from our lobed FR-I/II dynamical model. These spectra are for a radio source with jet power of 1034 W inhabiting a 3× 1010 M host galaxy, equipartition lobe field strength, and electron energy injection index of s= 2.4. The points are scaled luminosities calculated using our dynamical model at 0.25 dex steps in frequency, coloured by the dynamical age of the source. The dynamical age increases top-to-bottom from 1Myr (red – top) through to 100Myr (grey – bottom) in log-space steps of 0.5 dex. The solid and dashed lines both show the best fits obtained using the CI model for each dynamical age. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-radio-source-evolution-estimated-using-our-lobed-fr-1owb23a5.png Figure 7. Radio source evolution estimated using our lobed FR-I/II dynamical model compared to that predicted by the hydrodynamical simulations of Hardcastle & Krause (2013). The top panel plots the average length of each lobe as a function of the source age for 1038 W jets expanding into 16 host environments modelled by using different King profiles. The Hardcastle & Krause (2013) evolutionary tracks are shown in red with that of the lobed FR-I/II dynamical model plotted in grey for the same parameters. The standard analytic radio source expansion model of Kaiser & Alexander (1997) is also shown in pink (dashed) for four comparable environments. The bottom panel plots the lobe volume as a function of source age, noting that the Hardcastle & Krause (2013) definition of which particles constitute the lobe may differ from ours. https://scispace.com/papers/raman-and-cathodoluminescence-analysis-of-transition-metal-2elinip2d6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-raman-spectra-from-a-cr-b-ga2o3-nanowires-as-implanted-3s52k4gs.png Fig. 2. Raman spectra from (a) Cr β-Ga2O3 nanowires, as implanted (lower spectrum) or annealed at 700 °C, 900 °C or 1100 °C (upper spectrum) (b) Mn implanted β-Ga2O3 nanowires. Intensities are normalized and vertically shifted for the sake of clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-room-temperature-cl-spectra-acquired-at-different-2m1k7dwj.png Fig. 5. Room temperature CL spectra acquired at different excitation densities from bulk, Mn implanted β-Ga2O3 after 700 °C thermal annealing. The intensity has been normalized and spectra have been vertically shifted for the sake of clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-image-showing-b-ga2o3-nanowires-doped-with-mn-and-3iebnocz.png Fig. 1. SEM image showing β-Ga2O3 nanowires doped with Mn and annealed at 700 °C. https://scispace.com/papers/raman-assisted-crystallography-reveals-end-on-peroxide-3z5fk12amm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-structure-of-the-sor-peroxide-intermediates-stereo-2n43s94x.png Fig. 2. Structure of the SOR-peroxide intermediates. Stereo views of the peroxide-bound SOR active sites in monomers C, B, and D are shown in (A), (B), and (C), respectively. Final 2Fobs – Fcalc maps (blue, contoured at 1.0s), simulated annealed Fobs – Fcalc maps omitting the peroxo moiety and associated water molecules (green, contoured at 4.5s), and simulated annealed Fobs – Fcalc maps omitting only Lys48 (orange, contoured at 3.5s) are shown, overlaid on the refined models of the SOR-peroxide intermediates. Hydrogen bonds and iron coordination are shown as blue and black dashed lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-geometry-of-the-active-site-fe-distance-from-the-his-12tjwbaf.png Table 1. Geometry of the active site. Fe distance from the His plane was defined by the coordinating N atoms of the equatorial histidines in Å. Increasing value indicates an iron position closer to Cys116. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-raman-spectra-of-sor-crystals-after-reaction-with-h2o2-29im91c5.png Fig. 3. Raman spectra of SOR crystals. After reaction with H2O2, the E114A SOR mutant reveals bands at ~567 cm−1 and ~838 cm−1, which are isotopically shifted to ~563 cm−1 and ~802 cm−1 in the presence of H2 18O2 (vertical gray lines). Similar Raman bands and 18O isotopic shifts are observed in solution experiments (fig. S2). E114A-SOR in the native reduced form does not exhibit these bands; neither https://scispace.com/papers/raman-mapping-of-the-indentation-induced-densification-of-a-xqlrz50kma 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-top-view-mapping-of-the-densification-ratio-as-2yomc0r4.png Fig. 5. Top view mapping of the densification ratio as function of the normalized distance from the indent center for 20 N indent outside (black square) or on a precrack line (red circles). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-optical-microscope-and-raman-mapping-of-the-iso-30em6uyu.png Fig. 6. Optical microscope and Raman mapping of the iso-density curves for a 20 N Vickers load in side view (a,a´) and top view (b,b´). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-densification-maps-calculated-from-the-finite-element-3ebt9ehk.png Fig. 7. Densification maps calculated from the finite element simulations, (a) densification computed taking into account the total volumic strain (elastic + plastic), (b) densification computed in taking into account only the plastic volumic strain (we consider here that the elastic energy is released by crack initiations and propagations). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-steps-of-side-view-realization-for-the-window-glass-8jlon98e.png Fig. 1. Steps of side view realization for the window glass indented zone. (a) window glass plate precracked and indented, (b) 20 N indent top view image by optical microscopy, (c) cracked indent top view, (d) cracked indent side view. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-raman-spectra-of-window-glass-on-nonindented-domain-3bz0jh74.png Fig. 2. Raman spectra of window glass on nonindented domain and at the center of an 20 N Vickers indent. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-top-view-mapping-of-the-raman-shift-of-the-centroid-3vob44nh.png Fig. 4. (a) Top view mapping of the Raman shift of the centroid of the band outside a precrack domain for 10 N and 20 N Vickers loads. (b) Top view mapping of the densification ratio as function as the normalized distance from the indent center outside a precrack domain for 10 N and 20 N Vickers loads. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-evolution-of-the-densification-ratio-versus-the-shift-2ueshfbi.png Fig. 3. Evolution of the densification ratio (%) versus the shift of the centroı̈d of the Raman band Dr (cm 1). https://scispace.com/papers/raman-fiber-lasers-with-a-random-distributed-feedback-based-1e5cqcmc6m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-output-power-of-the-laser-with-the-1xztp9f6.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) Output power of the laser with the cavity formed by FBG and a random distributed feedback [Fig. 1(b)]. Output laser spectra measured at pump power level ofP = 0.8 W (b) andP = 1 W (c) [blue dotted (lower) line]. Spectrum of the backward-propagating Stokes wave measured near the FBG for the fiber span length of L = 41 km (c, black line) and L = 165 km (c, orange dashed line, coinciding with black line) at the same pump power level P = 1 W. All spectra are normalized to have equal amplitudes in their spectral maxima. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-a-raman-gain-profile-of-the-fiber-used-1n8jb133.png FIG. 2. (Color online) (a) A Raman gain profile of the fiber used. At the top of the profile, the laser generation starts. (b) A conventional RFL [Fig. 1(a)] intracavity power: forward (black boxes), backward (red circles), and Stokes waves powers together with the total intracavity Stokes wave power (blue triangles) versus pump power. (c) Backward Stokes wave spectrum measured just near the left FBG at a pump power of 1.2 W. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-numerically-obtained-lasing-thresholds-1ebws0jt.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Numerically obtained lasing thresholds with single pump for the different types of the cavities: formed by two FBGs (black line), one FBG, a random distributed feedback with 4% reflection from other fiber end (blue dotted line) and without it (red dashed line), and random distributed feedback only [green (gray) line]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-raman-fiber-lasers-a-with-a-conventional-29ehmdt7.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Raman fiber lasers (a) with a conventional linear cavity formed by two FBGs, (b) with a cavity formed by one FBG and a random distributed feedback, and (c) with a cavity formed only by a random distributed feedback. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-temporal-behavior-of-the-laser-with-the-3kxd8har.png FIG. 4. (Color online) (a) Temporal behavior of the laser with the cavity formed by FBG and a random distributed feedback [Fig. 1(b)] in a pulsed (P = 1 W, black line) and quasistationary [P = 1.15 W, orange (gray) line] regimes. (b) Typical rf spectra in pulsed (P = 1 W, black line) and quasistationary [P = 1.15 W, orange (gray) line] regimes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-output-power-of-the-laser-with-the-cavity-formed-by-1xgnl8qh.png FIG. 5. (a) Output power of the laser with the cavity formed by a random distributed feedback only [Fig. 1(c)] versus the pump power. Output optical spectra measured at (b) pump power 1.45 W and (c) the highest available pump power, 1.75 W. https://scispace.com/papers/raman-quantification-factor-calibration-for-co-co2-gas-4css3ccm0v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-recalculated-x-co2-from-2n2-co2-lrm-calibration-and-fsea1l0t.png Figure 7: Recalculated X(CO2) from 2ν2 CO2 LRM calibration and plotted against X(13CO2) measured from NMR. The circles and squares represent the X(CO2) for 13C and 12C respectively. Open symbols are obtained from G-factor and filled symbols from Ffactor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2a-13c-mas-nmr-spectra-for-kb3-and-5-kb3-spectra-were-24vyss11.png Figure 2A: 13C-MAS NMR spectra for KB3 and 5. KB3 spectra were acquired with different recycle delay (D1 = 2 and 20 sec.). Several species are identified: 125, CO2fl; 180, COfl; 160-175 ppm, CO32- melt. The X(13CO2) for each is added and was calculated from the ratio of the integrated area for fluid species. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-log-f-o2-calculated-from-x-co2-versus-log-f-o2-fdj30ykf.png Figure 8: Log f(O2) calculated from X(CO2) versus log f(O2) calculated from H2O dissolved in the glass. The log f(O2) is calculated from X(13CO2) NMR (circle) and the average values from LRM calibrations (square). NMR value is only available for KB16, 3, 5 and 8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-recalculated-x-co2-from-lrm-fluid-inclusions-30awxkm9.png Table 3: Recalculated X(CO2) from LRM fluid inclusions analyses: for 13C and 12C and from F and G calibration. The log f(O2) is also represented and calculated using the MRK equation from Shi and Saxena (1992) from X(CO2) or the H2Om in the glass. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-calculated-species-molar-fractions-in-the-fluid-3fb21b9v.png Table 2: Calculated species molar fractions in the fluid phase. a X(H2O) is derived from Dixon et al. (1995) relating total water content in the melt to fluid phase composition. b X(CO2) values are corrected for water content in the fluid phase (see section 4.3 for details). Error bars on the corrected values are based on error propagation from standard deviation. c Error on the uncorrected values is based the standard deviation from the fluid inclusion analyses by LRM. d X(CO2) is determined by LRM using both the calibration derived from peak integrated area (from F) and the calibration from peak height (from G). For clarity, X(CO) corrected values are not indicated but can be determined according to mass balance (Eq. (12)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-raman-quantification-factor-f-and-g-calibration-for-1uvx70qp.png Figure 5: Raman quantification factor (F and G) calibration for 13C isotopes. A, calibration for F(2ν2 CO2) / F(CO); B, calibration for F(ν1 CO2) / F(CO); C, calibration for G(2ν2 CO2) / G(CO); D, calibration for G(ν1 CO2) / G(CO). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fluid-inclusions-pictures-taken-on-different-290f1dqn.png Figure 1: Fluid inclusions pictures taken on different samples. The picture is taken through the objective x60 and the scale is represented (25 μ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ihpv-synthesis-conditions-for-coh-fluid-bearing-2skdzjb4.png Table 1: IHPV synthesis conditions for COH fluid bearing glasses. Ptot represents the final pressure during the experiment. The P(H2) is the partial pressure of H2 at the experimental conditions. The H2Om was determined by FTIR analysis (see section 3.2.3 and Figure 2 for details). The error is calculated from standard deviation analysis. The X(13CO2) was determined by peak integration of the 13CMAS NMR spectra. Value are uncorrected for the presence of H2O in the fluid phase. # NMR spectra were acquired in different conditions. For KB3, two different values for D1 were used: 2 and 20 sec.. KB16 NMR spectra were acquired with 2 different pulse sequences: SPE and spin-echo (see section 2.3 for details). https://scispace.com/papers/raman-spectra-and-thermal-stability-analysis-of-0-4-nm-4vl888rb2s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-spectra-change-under-an-isotherm-1ej2ybgt.png FIG. 4. Color online a Spectra change under an isotherm condition at 870 K for different heating durations. Spectrum at 300 K after the temperature is cooled down is at the bottom. b Spectra of SWNTs@AFI at 870 K top and at 300 K bottom after heating at 870 K under a vacuum of 1 10−5 mbar. c Spectra at 300 K of freestanding SWNTs before above and after below heating at 870 K under a vacuum of 1 10−10 mbar. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-variation-of-raman-spectra-of-swnts-from-2r2gpe12.png FIG. 3. Color online Variation of Raman spectra of SWNTs from 300–870 K. The inset shows the enlarged G band at different temperatures. The dot and arrow denote the peak position of two components in the asymmetric G band showing downshift and broadening with elevating temperature. The two components merge into a single symmetric peak at a temperature higher than 670 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-raman-spectra-in-a-rbm-region-at-1scmdg13.png FIG. 2. Color online Raman spectra in a RBM region at temperature range from 300 to 870 K. Three distinguishable RBM peaks are fitted by Lorenzian components at 499 cm−1, 538 cm−1, and 576 cm−1 from 300 to 670 K. RBM components of 4,2 and 3,3 tubes merge into the tails of the RBM component of the 5,0 tube at 730 K. No distinguishable RBM exists at a temperature higher than 790 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-raman-spectra-of-freestanding-swnts-b-1m67cio7.png FIG. 1. Color online a Raman spectra of freestanding SWNTs b SWNTs confined inside AFI crystals at 300 K. The inset shows the magnified spectra of RBMs for the freestanding SWNTs a and the confined SWNTs b . The RBMs are fitted by three Lorenzian peaks at 499, 538, and 576 cm−1 for the freestanding tubes and at 510, 550, and 580 cm−1 for confined SWNTs, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/raman-spectroscopy-a-potential-platform-for-the-rapid-3092bidfke 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-peak-ratio-of-1338cm-1-amide-iii-versus-kk613jk8.png Figure 8. Peak ratio of 1338cm-1 / amide III versus concentration 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-dose-dependent-colony-size-of-a549-cells-derived-2t3h8g6j.png Figure 10. Dose dependent colony size of A549 cells derived by 10 clonogenic assays (Herzog et al. ToxLett. 2007) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-ga-optimised-pls-model-correlating-raman-spectra-3qxudinw.png Figure 16. GA optimised PLS model correlating Raman spectra to clonogenic endpoints https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-genetic-algorithm-parameters-3ff2b9yl.png Table 2: Genetic algorithm parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-of-pls-and-ga-optimized-pls-the-rmse-for-3jbdmj64.png Table 3: Performance of PLS and GA optimized PLS. The RMSE for the test set (129 spectra) and training set is shown. 10 latent variables were 20 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-peak-ratio-of-1287-cm-1-amide-iii-versus-19f6weam.png Figure 6. Peak ratio of 1287 cm-1 / amide III versus concentration 65 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-cross-validation-results-the-lowest-rmsecv-was-1p45y53o.png Figure 15. Cross validation results. The lowest RMSECV was observed at 15 10 latent variables (RMSECV = 2.53). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-intensity-of-g-line-at-1585cm-1-versus-30ja484c.png Figure 3. Intensity of G-Line at ~1585cm-1 versus concentration https://scispace.com/papers/raman-spectroscopy-of-n-type-and-p-type-gasb-with-multiple-2k8xdgng7u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-n-type-epilayers-investigated-in-this-work-and-20iozcds.png Table I. The n-type epilayers investigated in this work and corresponding DETe mole fraction in the reactor during deposition, Te dopant concentration, ND, as determined from SIMS measurements, and electron concentration, ne, and mobility, µe, as determined from single magnetic field Hall effect measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-the-p-type-epilayers-investigated-in-this-work-and-8u3k4sk4.png Table III. The p-type epilayers investigated in this work and corresponding DMZn mole fraction in the reactor during deposition and hole concentration, np, and mobility, µp, as determined from single magnetic field Hall effect measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-nominal-ddep-values-obtained-from-a-fit-of-eq-2-2fgmxhdd.png Table II. The nominal ddep values obtained from a fit of Eq. (2) to the ( )( )0L0LOLOL -- IIII values plotted in Fig. 7 for n-type GaSb epilayers. https://scispace.com/papers/raman-spectroscopy-for-the-characterization-of-the-z94b5il6ia 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-set-up-of-the-raman-spectrometer-and-3stqveo9.png Figure 1 Experimental set-up of the Raman spectrometer and irradiation set-up. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-raman-spectrum-and-the-characteristic-peaks-of-1aetd4w5.png Figure 3. Raman spectrum and the characteristic peaks of photopolymer layer containing (a). Acrylamide only as a monomer and (b) both acrylamide and NN’methylene bisacrylamide as the monomers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-graphs-of-peak-intensity-versus-illumination-time-uba5c545.png Figure 5. Graphs of peak intensity versus illumination time corresponding to (a) CH vinyl bond of acrylamide at 1284 cm -1 , (b) carbon-carbon double bond of acrylamide at 1607 cm -1 , and (c) carboncarbon double bond of NN’methylenebisacrylamide at 1629 cm -1 . The solid line is a mono-exponential fitting curve and the scattered points correspond to the data points (peak intensity). The photopolymer layer was exposed to a uniform exposure intensity of 10mW/cm 2 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-b-raman-spectra-of-photopolymer-containing-monomer-4blx3vbk.png Figure 4(b). Raman spectra of photopolymer containing monomer and crosslinker exposed to a constant intensity of 10 mW/cm 2 for 1 second each time before the spectrum is measured. The peak corresponds to 1284 cm -1 , the CH vinyl bond of acrylamide. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-raman-spectrum-and-the-characteristic-peaks-of-a-9k5s68oo.png Figure 2. Raman spectrum and the characteristic peaks of (a). Acrylamide, (b). NN’methylenebisacrylamide, (c). Triethanolamine, (d). Erythrosine B, (e). Polyvinyl alcohol. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-graph-of-log-t-against-log-iexp-corresponding-to-3gj1aov8.png Figure 6. A graph of log (t) against log (Iexp) corresponding to the (a) bending mode of CH vinyl bond of acrylamide at 1284 cm -1 , (b) carbon-carbon double bond of acrylamide and (c) carbon-carbon double bond of NN’methylenebisacrylamide. The solid line corresponds to a linear fit of the scattered data points. t is the polymerization time constant obtained at different exposure intensities. https://scispace.com/papers/ramp-ing-up-allergies-nramp1-slc11a1-macrophages-and-the-353t79yhyv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-apc-and-its-central-role-in-the-activation-and-1tp94xvi.png Figure 1. The APC and its central role in the activation and/or regulation of T-cell responses. Infectious agents and/or allergens can trigger APCs through receptors such as CD14 and TLRs or through phago- or endocytosis. In macrophages, the Nramp1 protein, present in phagosomes and lysosomes, mediates the outcome of this trigger. This outcome can be activation of the APC, secretion of IL-6 and TNF-a, and presentation of antigens, leading to an inflammatory response and the generation or stimulation of effector T cells. However, NO and PGE2 can result in negative feedback, resulting in inhibition of the effector T-cell response. In addition, the APC can be initiated to produce IL-10, leading to inhibition of T-cell proliferation and to generation of Treg cells. Interestingly, TLRs are also expressed on Treg cells. This might provide a more direct pathway of inhibition of effector T-cell responses by infections [59]. Abbreviations: APC, antigen-presenting cell; IL-6, interleukin 6; NO, nitric oxide; Nramp1, natural-resistanceassociated macrophage protein 1; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; TLR, Toll-like receptor; TNF-a, tumour necrosis factor a; Treg, T regulatory cell. https://scispace.com/papers/random-exchange-quantum-heisenberg-antiferromagnets-on-a-4bin2pp2h3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-results-from-spin-wave-theory-for-the-3kd0uhyb.png FIG. 2: (Color online) Results from spin wave theory for the disorder averaged value of the GS staggered structure factor 〈s(π, π)〉 as a function of 1/L. Dashed lines denote polynomial fits in 1/L. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-disorder-averaged-value-of-the-gs-1gcfhfs5.png FIG. 1: (Color online) Disorder averaged value of the GS staggered structure factor 〈s(π, π)〉 as a function of 1/L. Filled symbols are ED data and open symbols QMC data. The number of random samples varied between 1000 for the largest lattice and 10000 for the smaller lattices. Dashed lines denote third order polynomial fits of the finite size data. The inset exhibits the convergence of 〈s(π, π)〉 using β-doubling scheme for δ = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (top to bottom) and L = 32. https://scispace.com/papers/random-forest-for-reliable-pre-classification-of-handwritten-e0n7o86vmx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-accuracy-on-the-test-set-as-a-function-of-the-number-15e8lsh5.png Fig. 1. Accuracy on the test set as a function of the number of trees in the ensemble, for the NIST database (a) and the PD database (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-acceptance-rate-a-and-reject-rate-b-as-a-function-of-3qxw7qc7.png Fig. 4. Acceptance rate (a) and reject rate (b) as a function of the reject threshold for the NIST test set, for m ∈ [2, 3, 4, 5]. For each threshold, bars are sorted from left to right by increasing values of m. Gray and white respectively indicate correctly classified and misclassified samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-acceptance-rate-a-and-reject-rate-b-as-a-function-of-3b7uxoxq.png Fig. 5. Acceptance rate (a) and reject rate (b) as a function of the reject threshold for the PD test set, for m ∈ [2, 3, 4, 5]. For each threshold, bars are sorted from left to right by increasing values of m. Gray and white respectively indicate correctly classified and misclassified samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-acceptance-rate-a-and-reject-rate-b-as-a-function-of-23y67s10.png Fig. 3. Acceptance rate (a) and reject rate (b) as a function of the reject threshold for the PD test set. In each bar the gray part indicates the percentage of rejected samples that would be misclassified without applying the reject option, while the white part indicates the same information for the correctly classified samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-acceptance-rate-a-and-reject-rate-b-as-a-function-of-129h4lc0.png Fig. 2. Acceptance rate (a) and reject rate (b) as a function of the reject threshold for the NIST test set. In each bar the gray part indicates the percentage of rejected samples that would be misclassified without applying the reject option, while the white part indicates the same information for the correctly classified samples. https://scispace.com/papers/random-forest-regression-models-for-lactation-and-successful-350tk4scgq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-features-of-importances-by-the-random-regressor-for-rm3lcbhf.png Table 2. Features of importances by the random regressor for the Lactation model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-features-of-importances-by-the-random-regressor-for-aiv3v66p.png Table 3. Features of importances by the random regressor for SI https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-r2-for-training-and-test-set-for-lactation-and-si-28ix054o.png Table 1. R2 for training and test set for Lactation and SI https://scispace.com/papers/random-forest-lns-architecture-and-vision-3uox4k4spa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-granularity-and-interconnection-structure-of-generic-3tci91fo.png Fig. 3. (A) Granularity and interconnection structure of generic Xilinx FPGA. (B) An architecture of a logic block with one, four-input LUT use for implementation of memory and shift registers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-slices-used-for-different-tree-units-for-each-31ql5poq.png Table 5. Slices used for different tree units for each dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rf-lns-object-classifier-architecture-xlfi5yqn.png Fig. 4. RF-LNS object classifier Architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-auc-performance-of-rf-lns-on-the-persons-vs-z73fjex7.png Table 4. Mean AUC performance of RF-LNS on the Persons vs. Background dataset, by amount of training data. Performance of RF-LNS is reported for different Depths (D). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-auc-performance-of-rf-lns-on-the-bikes-vs-3msm7qyy.png Table 2. Mean AUC performance of RF-LNS on the Bikes vs. Background dataset, by amount of training data. Performance of RF-LNS is reported for different Depths (D). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-auc-performance-of-rf-lns-on-the-cars-vs-45eyferk.png Table 3. Mean AUC performance of RF-LNS on the Cars vs. Background dataset, by amount of training data. Performance of RF-LNS is reported for different Depths (D). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-images-and-objects-in-each-class-in-the-20m7ocp9.png Table 1. Number of images and objects in each class in the GRAZ02 dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-rectangles-are-examples-of-possible-regions-for-3kf7xtpc.png Fig. 2. (A) Rectangles are examples of possible regions for histogram features. Stable appearance in Rectangles A, B and C are good candidates for a car classifier while regions D is not. (C) Top, points sampled to calculate the LBP around a point (x,y). Bottom, the use of standard invariant feature (SIFT). (D) Any region can be represented by a covariance matrix. Size of the bag is proportional to the number of features used, while the size of the covariance matrix depends on the dimension of the features. https://scispace.com/papers/random-forest-with-self-paced-bootstrap-learning-in-lung-4pp2x57fsu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-friedman-test-results-on-the-five-datasets-syd570t1.png Table 3. Friedman test results on the five datasets https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-auc-roc-based-on-five-public-cancer-datasets-the-20klberr.png Fig. 1. AUC-ROC based on five public cancer datasets. The proposed RFSPL model always outperforms others in terms of AUC. We also know sensitivity and specificity from ROC, which indicates that the greater value of sensitivity, the greater the "tumor are judged to the tumor" (True Positive) and the smaller the "missed detection" (False Negative). Similarly, the higher the value of specificity, the higher the "health is judged to be healthy" (True Negative) and the smaller the "false alarm" (False Positive). For example, the value of sensitivity and specificity are 0.81 and 0.82 in the subfigure (a), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-five-public-cancer-datasets-2rd07za7.png Table 1. Five public cancer datasets https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-classification-performance-in-various-prediction-1ha8w08l.png Table 2. Classification performance in various prediction models based on five lung cancer datasets https://scispace.com/papers/random-walk-a-stagnation-recovery-technique-for-simplified-2m8fivxymq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-random-walk-with-local-search-128yddee.png Table 1: Random-walk with local search. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-random-walk-with-genetic-algorithms-1bu1r408.png Table 2: Random-walk with genetic algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-search-progress-for-protein-sequence-s4-w-r-t-time-371sxtiy.png Figure 4: Search progress for protein sequence S4 w.r.t. time between two variants of GA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-search-progress-for-protein-sequence-s4-w-r-t-time-21z4ytgx.png Figure 3: Search progress for protein sequence S4 w.r.t. time between two variants of LS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-3d-fcc-lattice-and-b-hp-energy-model-19mxv9vw.png Figure 1: a) 3D FCC lattice and b) HP energy model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-pull-move-operator-used-random-walk-for-easy-1ans3aab.png Figure 2: The pull move operator used random-walk; for easy comprehension, presented in 2D space. https://scispace.com/papers/random-vs-structured-pilot-assignment-in-cell-free-massive-4jvwlb6nij 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-clustering-pilot-assignment-cdf-of-ck-parameterized-by-2pkz54fn.png Fig. 3. Clustering pilot assignment. CDF of Ck parameterized by N/K and by the noise strength. In solid, with N?p ; in dashed, for Np → ∞. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-n-p-that-causes-a-3-loss-in-average-gross-spectral-1drupx48.png TABLE IV N?p THAT CAUSES A 3% LOSS IN AVERAGE GROSS SPECTRAL EFFICIENCY RELATIVE TO Np → ∞. CLUSTERING PILOT ASSIGNMENT WITH η = 3.5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-n-p-that-causes-a-3-loss-in-average-gross-spectral-1jwuvneo.png TABLE III N?p THAT CAUSES A 3% LOSS IN AVERAGE GROSS SPECTRAL EFFICIENCY RELATIVE TO Np → ∞. CLUSTERING PILOT ASSIGNMENT WITH η = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-formation-of-copilot-user-subsets-on-a-circular-3nhndhvv.png Fig. 2. Formation of copilot user subsets on a circular universe where, for clarity, the APs are not shown. (a) Population of users; (b) Centroids obtained by applying the k-means clustering method; (c) Superposition of centroids and users; (d) Subset of copilot users identified by proximity to the centroids. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-n-p-that-causes-a-3-loss-in-average-gross-spectral-3tm0vkau.png TABLE II N?p THAT CAUSES A 3% LOSS IN AVERAGE GROSS SPECTRAL EFFICIENCY RELATIVE TO Np → ∞. RANDOM PILOT ASSIGNMENT WITH η = 3.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-random-pilot-assignment-cdf-of-ck-parameterized-by-n-k-3lr4cakz.png Fig. 1. Random pilot assignment. CDF of Ck parameterized by N/K and by the noise strength. In solid, with N?p ; in dashed, for Np → ∞. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-n-p-that-causes-a-3-loss-in-average-gross-spectral-2nef3syd.png TABLE I N?p THAT CAUSES A 3% LOSS IN AVERAGE GROSS SPECTRAL EFFICIENCY RELATIVE TO Np → ∞. RANDOM PILOT ASSIGNMENT WITH η = 4. https://scispace.com/papers/randomized-controlled-trial-of-parent-enhanced-cbt-compared-1p03gb7n9e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-and-demographic-characteristics-of-young-38cre241.png Table 1 Clinical and demographic characteristics of young people and primary carer https://scispace.com/papers/randomized-edge-assisted-on-sensor-information-selection-for-3vjelwyguh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-operational-diagram-of-the-proposed-sensor-edge-1tedkpht.png Figure 2. The operational diagram of the proposed sensor-edge workflow. (A) Edge-assisted update of the current on-sensor decision policies δ̂t and δ̃t supervised by the reference decision rule δ. (B) On-sensor transmission filter of the observation stream based on the decision rule δ̃t. (C) Optional on-sensor processing triggered by the approximate classification decision rule δ̂t. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-principal-conflict-of-optimal-information-26ffd6wa.png Figure 1. Principal conflict of optimal information processing in IoT systems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-implementation-of-the-on-sensor-decision-rules-for-1v4tvpny.png Figure 3. Implementation of the on-sensor decision rules for approximate classification (δ̂) and transmission selection (δ̃) in an illustrative two-dimensional feature space, where crosses and circles depict feature vectors x=χ(z) of true positive (z ∈Z1) and negative (z ∈Z0) observations, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/randomized-response-analysis-in-mplus-2kuigaowor 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-interpretation-of-the-mplus-analysis-q6mlne0n.png TABLE 2 Interpretation of the Mplus Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mixture-model-logistic-regression-artificial-data-y1jjyrln.png TABLE 1 Mixture Model Logistic Regression Artificial Data https://scispace.com/papers/randomized-trial-of-polychromatic-blue-enriched-light-for-33r56hif0q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-24-h-melatonin-profiles-on-cr1-filled-circles-and-353gdfuj.png Fig. 5. The 24 h melatonin profiles on CR1 (filled circles) and CR2 (open circles) from one representative individual in each of the LE groups (A & B). Below each (C & D) are the calculated melatonin suppression (AUC) during LE (open circles) and the corresponding time from CR1 (filled circles) for each of the same individuals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spectral-power-distribution-for-4000-k-upper-panel-and-241yf18s.png Fig. 2. Spectral power distribution for 4000 K (upper panel) and 17000 K (middle panel) light sources. Profiles are relatively similar, with the primary difference between 400 and 500 nm. Compared to the 4000 K light source, the 17000 K light source emitted substantially more power in the blue light part of the spectrum. The lower panel shows calculated irradiances, photopic illuminances v(), and human photopigment illuminances relative to the two polychromatic light sources used [75]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-melatonin-suppression-sd-as-calculated-by-auc-with-14knubpw.png Fig. 3. Melatonin suppression (±SD) as calculated by AUC with plasma (filled circles) or salivary (empty circles) levels following exposure to 6.5 h of white 4000 K fluorescent light or blue-enriched 17000 K fluorescent light (A). A greater suppression of plasma melatonin occurred under 17000 K fluorescent light compared to 4000 K fluorescent light (p<0.05). Phase delay shift (±SD) of the plasma (filled circles) or salivary (empty circles) melatonin rhythm as assessed by DLMO following exposure to 6.5 h of white 4000 K fluorescent light and blue-enriched 17000 K fluorescent light (B). The phase delay shift, was not statistically significant (p=0.22). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-7-day-phase-shifting-protocol-for-a-5uuuwn9r.png Fig. 1. Overview of 7-day phase shifting protocol for a subject with a midnight to eight AM sleep:wake schedule. The schedule consisted of a 2-day baseline (8-hour:16-hour sleep-wake cycle based on each subject’s self-selected sleep-wake times), an initial 26 hour constant routine, a 16 hour dim light-exposure day with a 6.5 hour experimental light exposure, and a second 30 hour constant routine, each preceded and followed by an 8-hour sleep opportunity. [16,19]. https://scispace.com/papers/randomly-diluted-xy-and-resistor-networks-near-the-2qvl58n7x8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phase-diagram-for-the-dilute-heisenberg-or-xy-model-331coj73.png FIG. 1. Phase diagram for the dilute Heisenberg or xy model (right) contrasted to that for the Ising model (left). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-representation-of-rp-r-x-for-x-1-and-1-vcrr-2723akp1.png FIG. 3. Schematic representation of RP, (R,x) for x &&1 and $1/vcrR/x ' bounded away from zero. To draw this figure we used the mean-field result of Eq. (2.52) for d =6, arbitrarily setting a =4. The lower cutoff which must occur when R is equal to its value for separation x on a pure lattice is not shown, as it 41/v https://scispace.com/papers/rank-based-entropy-tests-for-serial-independence-1znimvbwes 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulated-rejection-rates-of-the-specified-tests-for-l59x8q55.png Table 1: Simulated rejection rates of the specified tests for various DGPs, nominal size α = 0.05, series length n = 100, embedding dimension m = 3 for the R and BDS tests, number of permutations B + 1 = 100 and number of simulations 1, 000. The multiple bandwidth permutation method was used for both the R test and the BDS test. The columns denoted by ‘R at ĥ∗’ refer to the largest observed single bandwidth rejection rates of the R test over an extended grid of 30 bandwidths ranging from 0.1 to 2.5; the corresponding bandwidth ĥ∗ (if unique) for the transformation to uniform marginals is reported in the column labeled ĥ∗. The Ljung-Box test was based on the first 30 sample autocorrelations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-observed-power-against-local-arch-1-alternatives-3bhm78ou.png Figure 2: Observed power against local ARCH(1) alternatives converging to the null at rate n−1/2, as a function of sample size n = 100, . . . , 5, 000 at nominal size α = 0.05 (left panel); as a function of nominal size for the test based on normal transformation (right panel). Embedding dimension m = 3, number of permutations B + 1 = 100, number of simulations 3, 000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-observed-power-as-a-function-of-bandwidth-h-the-3pz4j3ca.png Figure 1: Observed power as a function of bandwidth h. The left panel shows results for various series lengths n, for a sequence of local ARCH(1) alternatives converging to the null at rate n−1/2; the right panel for various DGPs for n = 100. In all cases: dimension m = 3, nominal size α = 0.05, number of permutations B + 1 = 100 and number of simulations 1, 000. https://scispace.com/papers/rank-deficiency-of-kalman-error-covariance-matrices-in-4lnm7kmxng 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-norm-of-the-projection-coefficients-onto-the-1yn6nlck.png Fig. 4. Norm of the projection coefficients onto the generalized eigen-space of AT . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-lyapunov-exponents-in-blue-and-the-magnitude-of-the-33ts5o2i.png Fig. 3. Lyapunov exponents in blue and the magnitude of the eigen-values of A in red. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-profile-of-the-eigen-values-of-n-counting-establishes-162et4kn.png Fig. 1. Profile of the eigen-values of ∆n. Counting establishes that the bottom 16 eigenvalues converge to zero. https://scispace.com/papers/ransomware-steals-your-phone-formal-methods-rescue-it-25hg6tup2b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dataset-used-in-the-experiment-3o2asrfe.png Table 1: Dataset used in the Experiment https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-top-10-signature-based-antimalware-evaluation-3o522chu.png Table 3: Top 10 Signature-Based Antimalware Evaluation Against Our Method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-performance-evaluation-2cdoy26h.png Table 4: Performance Evaluation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-families-in-drebin-dataset-with-details-of-the-tvzw2mj7.png Table 2: Families in Drebin dataset with details of the installation method (standalone, repackaging, update), the kind of attack (trojan, botnet), the events that trigger the malicious payload and a brief family description. https://scispace.com/papers/rape-crisis-counseling-trauma-contagion-and-supervision-25gv7o6pis 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-counselors-experience-in-the-rape-crisis-centers-2xfi66ta.png Table 1. Counselors Experience in the Rape Crisis Centers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-factors-affecting-the-experience-of-sexual-intimacy-2einaj62.png Figure 1. Factors affecting the experience of sexual intimacy mediated by the amount of supervision received by rape crisis counselors. Note. Equation 1: R = .55, R2 = .30, Adj. R2 = .19; F = 2.73; df = 7, 94; p = .019. Equation 2: R = .46, R2 = .21, Adj. R2 = .16; F = 3.62; df = 6, 93; p = .002. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-factors-affecting-the-experience-of-secondary-1mzhayoe.png Figure 2. Factors affecting the experience of secondary traumatic stress mediated by the amount of supervision received by rape crisis counselors. Note. Equation 1: R = .55, R2 = .30, Adj. R2 = .19; F = 2.73; df = 7, 94; p = .019. Equation 2: R = .43, R2 = .18, Adj. R2 = .13; F = 3.49; df = 6, 93; p = .004. https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-continuous-streaking-of-tremor-in-cascadia-gfo4ffchlu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-each-of-the-four-panels-shows-12-h-of-tremor-kizd3y5j.png Figure 5. Each of the four panels shows 12 h of tremor locations (gray solid circles) using beam backprojection method. Colored arrows indicate velocity and direction of rapid tremor streaking during each time segment. Velocity is color coded. Note that slip‐parallel tremor streaking activity moves along strike with slip‐parallel tremor bands [Ghosh et al., 2010]. Bold black arrow indicates the slip direction of CSZ, and black square marks Big Skidder array. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tremor-streaks-repeat-the-same-track-multiple-times-yrwlnzlq.png Figure 6. Tremor streaks repeat the same track multiple times: colored circles represent tremor locations using the beam backprojection method. Time is color coded to show tremor migration. Black solid square marks the Big Skidder array. Arrow indicates overall slip direction of CSZ. Black rectangle with the long axis parallel to the slip direction is for reference. The time above each map indicates the start of the tremor propagation. Note that tremor streaks repeat similar tracks three times in less than 1 h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-schematic-diagram-showing-the-interaction-between-1lf30kdx.png Figure 7. (a) Schematic diagram showing the interaction between the creep front and slip‐parallel linear structure to produce tremor streak. Gray shading represents the creep front that moves slowly (∼10 km/d) along strike, which is associated with long‐term tremor migration. Dashed lines show the leading edge of the creep front migrating with time. The red line marks linear slip‐parallel structure on the fault, which makes a small angle with the leading edge of the creep front. As the creep front slowly moves in the direction of the black arrow, it generates tremor along the red line (linear structure) producing rapidly propagating tremor streak. The green arrow marks the streak propagation direction. (b) Schematic diagram depicting fluid flow‐induced shear slip causing streaking tremor: pressure‐driven fluid flow through a conduit. The diagram shows a small region in the ETS zone with near‐lithostatic fluid pressure (P1) beneath the caprock (plate interface). Fluid pressure is hydrostatic (P2) everywhere just above the interface. When thin caprock at the interface breaks, the pressure difference along the interface (escape conduit) is P1 − P2 = 0.63 GPa. Fluid flow through the conduit is driven by this pressure difference. As fluid flows through the conduit, it perturbs the stress field and triggers shear failure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-blue-pink-and-green-solid-circles-are-tremor-2i59wb8v.png Figure 9. Blue, pink, and green solid circles are tremor locations that define three tremor bands [Ghosh et al., 2010]. Gray locations fall outside the tremor bands. Contour lines show band‐limited tremor moment patches [Ghosh et al., 2009a]. Note that blue and pink tremor bands tightly contain three most prominent tremor moment patches. Black square marks Big Skidder array. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-map-and-tremor-streaks-colored-circles-in-2xaw3d8k.png Figure 1. Location map and tremor streaks: colored circles in the maps represent tremor locations using the beam backprojection method [Ghosh et al., 2009a]. Time is color coded to show tremor migration. Black solid square marks the Big Skidder array. Arrows indicate overall slip direction of CSZ. Dashed contour lines shows plate interface depth in km. Gray patches in Figures 1b and 1c show tremor moment patches [Ghosh et al., 2009a]; the darker the patch, the higher the moment release. (a) Location map of the study area. Lines AB and CD are oriented parallel and perpendicular to the slip direction, respectively, and are used to generate Figure 3. Inset shows the station distribution of the Big Skidder array. (b) Slip‐parallel tremor streak showing rapid downdip short‐term migration of tremor with a horizontal velocity of 60 km/h. (c) Slip‐parallel tremor streak rapidly propagating updip with a horizontal velocity of 35 km/h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-rose-diagram-showing-dominant-direction-of-zdnca6p4.png Figure 2. (a) Rose diagram showing dominant direction of continuous, rapid tremor migration is parallel to the overall slip direction of CSZ (arrow). Peripheral numbers are propagation azimuths in degrees, and radial numbers are counts of tremor windows. (b) Histogram of tremor velocity between adjacent time windows. The diagrams are constructed using all the tremor locations for 6 and 7 May 2008, when tremor was strong and virtually continuous under the Big Skidder array. Two‐minute time windows are used to get good statistics. Independent windows are used to avoid any possible artifacts due to time overlap. Propagation direction and velocity are calculated between two adjacent tremor time windows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-unified-view-of-tremor-distribution-in-time-and-cye8tphf.png Figure 8. A unified view of tremor distribution in time and space: a time scale (log10) is shown at the top; time increases left to right. The maps show different elements of spatiotemporal tremor distribution observed over different time scales. Positions of the maps along the time scale approximately correspond to the time scales over which these elements are typically observed. Arrow in each map indicates slip direction of CSZ. Black solid square marks the Big Skidder array. (a) Slip‐parallel tremor streak. Colored circles represent tremor locations. Time is color coded to show rapid tremor migration over short time scale. (b) Slip‐parallel tremor bands defining the long‐term slower (∼10 km/d) along‐strike tremor migration over time scales of hours to a day. Solid colored circles are tremor locations. Blue, pink, and green locations define the tremor bands [Ghosh et al., 2010]. Faint yellow locations fall outside the tremor bands. Continuous slip‐parallel streaking of tremor produces the tremor bands. (c) Relative band‐limited tremor moment patches that release much of the seismic moment during an ETS event [Ghosh et al., 2009a]. Uneven moment release within each band produces tremor patches. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-statistics-of-the-tremor-streaks-identified-and-30zrb2xz.png Figure 4. Statistics of the tremor streaks identified and cataloged. Twenty‐seven tremor streaks are used to generate the statistics. (a) Rose diagram showing the direction of propagation. Peripheral numbers are propagation azimuths in degrees, and radial numbers are counts of tremor streaks. Histograms of the (b) velocity, (c) length, and (d) duration. https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-and-efficient-co-transcriptional-splicing-enhances-4u55dpo28i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-individual-mammalian-nascent-rna-sequences-reveal-gip0x3yk.png Figure 2. Individual mammalian nascent RNA sequences reveal coordination of co-transcriptional splicing. (A) LRS data visualization for analysis of co-transcriptional splicing. Gene diagram is shown at the top, with the black arrow indicating the TSS. Reads are aligned to the genome and ordered by 3′ end position. Color code indicates the splicing status of each transcript. Each horizontal row represents one read. Panels at far right and below: regions of missing sequence (e.g. spliced introns) are transparent. Light https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-efficient-splicing-promotes-3-end-cleavage-a-top-32y34xb8.png Figure 7. Efficient splicing promotes 3′ end cleavage (A) Top: schematic describing two engineered MEL cell lines. MEL-HBB WT contains an integrated copy of a wild type human globin minigene. In MEL-HBB IVS-110(G>A), a single point mutation (red triangle) mimics a disease-causing thalassemia allele. Bottom: Sanger sequencing of the HBB minigene coding strand shows that a G>A mutation leads to a cryptic 3′SS at the AG dinucleotide 19 nt upstream of the canonical 3′SS. (B) Distribution of HBB long-reads in MEL-HBB WT cells (purple) and MEL-HBB IVS-110(G>A) cells (orange) separated by splicing status of intron 1 and intron 2 and measured as a fraction of total reads mapped to the HBB gene (n = 20,395 reads in MEL-HBB WT cells, and n = 26,244 reads in MEL-HBB IVS110(G>A) cells). (C) Fraction of splicing intermediates at intron 1 and intron 2 in MEL-HBB WT cells (purple) and MEL-HBB IVS-110(G>A) cells (orange) measured as a fraction of total reads mapped to the HBB gene. For (B-C), significance tested by Mann Whitney U-test; *** represents p-value < 0.001, bar height represents the mean of three biological replicates, and error bars represent standard error of the mean. (D) Read coverage in the region downstream of the HBB PAS is shown for long-reads separated by their splicing status from MEL-HBB WT cells (purple) and MEL-HBB IVS-110(G>A) cells (orange). Coverage is https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-long-read-sequencing-of-nascent-rna-from-19qxa9n6.png Figure 1. Long-read sequencing of nascent RNA from differentiating mouse erythroblasts (A) Schematic of nascent RNA isolation and sequencing library generation. MEL cells are treated with 2% DMSO to induce erythroid differentiation, cells are fractionated to purify chromatin, and chromatinassociated nascent RNA is depleted of polyadenylated and ribosomal RNAs. An adapter is ligated to the 3′ ends of remaining RNAs, then a strand-switching reverse transcriptase is used to create doublestranded cDNA that is the input for PacBio library preparation. (B) Read length and (C) read depth distribution of PacBio long-reads. See also Figures S1 and S2, and Table S1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pol-ii-does-not-pause-at-5-or-3-splice-sites-a-pro-1m8mhmk9.png Figure 4. Pol II does not pause at 5′ or 3′ splice sites. (A) PRO-seq 3′ end coverage is shown aligned to active transcription start sites (TSS), 5′ splice sites (5′SS), and 3′ splice sites (3′SS). (B) Top: Schematic illustrating the use of color-coded intervals to quantify PRO-seq reads around each 5′SS and 3′SS to test for significance of pausing. Bottom: PROseq read density summed in each of the intervals indicated above around 5′SSs (left) and 3′SSs (right) from introns with at least 10 reads in uninduced conditions (n = 3,505). Significance tested by paired ttest; *** represents p-value < 0.001, ns represents p-value > 0.05. (C) Genome browser view showing spliced PRO-seq reads aligned to the Apbb1 gene, where 3′ ends of reads represent the position of elongating Pol II. Only spliced reads, filtered from all reads, are shown. See also Figure S5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-splicing-intermediates-are-abundant-at-introns-with-cjzqida7.png Figure 5. Splicing intermediates are abundant at introns with weak 3′ splice sites (A) Schematic definition of first step splicing intermediates (dotted red oval), which have undergone the first step of splicing and have a free 3′-OH that can be ligated to the 3′ end DNA adapter. Splicing intermediate reads are characterized by a 3′ end at the last nucleotide of the upstream exon. (B) Coverage of long-read 3′ ends (top panels) and 5′ ends (bottom panels) aligned to 5′SSs (left) and 3′SSs (right) of introns. (C) Coverage of long-read 3′ ends across four example genes. Arrows indicate the positions where the most abundant splicing intermediates are observed. (D) Individual long-reads are shown for the gene Alas2. Diagram is similar to Figure 2, but individual reads are colored depending on whether they are splicing intermediates (purple) or not (gray). Data for uninduced and induced cells are shown combined. Potential recursive splicing site is indicated by an arrow and dotted line; recursively spliced reads are shown in detail in (E). (F) MaxEnt splice site scores for 5′SS (left) and 3′SS (right) for https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-biaxial-texture-development-during-nucleation-of-mgo-1ve5lvo2kd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rheed-images-from-different-ibad-mgo-films-grown-to-1-2ui2ijmv.png FIG. 2. RHEED images from different IBAD MgO films grown to: 1.9 nm ~a!, 3.7 nm ~b!, 4.6 nm ~c!, and 4.8 nm~d!. The field of view contains diffraction spots from~02̄4!, in the upper left-hand side corner, to~046! in the lower right-hand side corner. https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-determination-of-ascorbic-acid-dehydroascorbic-acid-2riw9ug22f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-f-takahashi-h1hqax8d.png Fig. 2 F. Takahashi https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-f-takahashi-n5j5oc14.png Fig. 1 F. Takahashi https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-f-takahashi-1zodfphi.png Fig. 5 F. Takahashi https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-determination-of-vitamin-c-contents-mg-ml-1-in-2kcz885f.png Table 1. Determination of vitamin C contents (μg mL-1) in commercial beverages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-f-takahashi-3a9mhg5p.png Fig. 4 F. Takahashi https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-f-takahashi-21nw6jkv.png Fig. 3 F. Takahashi https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-f-takahashi-3bra37xa.png Fig. 7 F. Takahashi https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-f-takahashi-2tygr4bn.png Fig. 6 F. Takahashi https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-decline-of-pcr-amplification-from-genomic-extracts-of-57ue0l8wwa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-size-markers-used-in-this-study-3momn4dt.png Fig. 1. Size markers used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-quantification-of-dna-content-in-bands-appearing-on-1a6jbqia.png Fig. 11. Quantification of DNA content in bands appearing on gel photographs for slide-mounted nematodes stored at 4◦C. DNA content estimated per 5 μl PCR product. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-quantification-of-dna-content-in-bands-appearing-on-2d6y221m.png Fig. 12. Quantification of DNA content in bands appearing on gel photographs for unmounted nematodes amplified directly from DESS preservative. DNA content estimated per 5 μl PCR product. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-quantification-of-dna-content-in-bands-appearing-on-2exnzokr.png Fig. 10. Quantification of DNA content in bands appearing on gel photographs for slide-mounted nematodes stored at room temperature. DNA content estimated per 5 μl PCR product. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pcr-amplification-of-slide-mounted-specimens-at-1-week-1rjjw3wu.png Fig. 4. PCR amplification of slide-mounted specimens at 1-week and 2-week time points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pcr-amplification-of-slide-mounted-specimens-at-1-day-zqq48bwb.png Fig. 3. PCR amplification of slide-mounted specimens at 1-day and 3-day time points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pcr-amplification-of-slide-mounted-specimens-at-the-3-2axw8e4u.png Fig. 7. PCR amplification of slide-mounted specimens at the 3- month time point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pcr-amplification-for-unmounted-nematodes-picked-out-32elh3vq.png Fig. 2. PCR amplification for unmounted nematodes picked out of DESS preservative and directly digested for molecular work. https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-determination-of-237np-and-pu-isotopes-in-water-by-dn9mks6iv5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rapid-water-column-separation-16ntxw8s.png Figure 2 Rapid Water Column Separation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-figure-1-rapid-water-sample-preparation-vynmo2z5.png Figure 1 Figure 1 Rapid Water Sample Preparation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-icp-ms-results-for-237np-and-pu-isotopes-iq34edu5.png Table 2 ICP-MS Results for 237Np and Pu Isotopes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-alpha-spectra-for-pu-isotopes-pd2dtlhv.png Figure 3 Alpha Spectra for Pu isotopes https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pu-isotope-results-by-alpha-spectrometry-2kg5xzad.png Table 3 Pu Isotope Results by Alpha Spectrometry https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-lld-and-llq-icp-ms-results-using-200-ml-sample-3w1ojie7.png Table 4 LLD and LLQ ICP-MS Results Using 200 ml Sample Aliquots https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-embeddable-design-method-for-spiral-magnetic-resonance-1j1pz5u09b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-first-stop-band-for-the-kb-solid-a1-0-3c9qjsk0.png Figure 7. The first stop-band for the KB (solid a1 = −0.01097201305, a2 = −0.02819949502, a3 = −0.01753561254, a4 = 0.04431120359, a5 = 0.1459885419, a6 = 0.2422379845, a7 = 0.2301496146, a8 = 0.3940197759 ) and optimized kernels (dotted, a1 = −0.01642718191, a2 = −0.03149300674, a3 = 0.01406508711, a4 = 0.08747566023, a5 = 0.2503776262, a6 = 0.2886939451, a7 = 0.2146258540, a8 = 0.1926820160 ), with image-window correction applied. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-first-stop-band-for-the-optimal-kernels-for-the-2bgvue5e.png Figure 6. The first stop-band for the optimal kernels (for the approximate linear problem–solid; for the full non-linear problem–dotted). Note that the solution to the linear problem has lower aliasing in the middle of the band, and lower aliased L2 energy on average, but has higher absolute aliasing, which occurs near the boundary. Exceptionally, we show the results for image window:transform length 2 : 3 instead of 1 : 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-an-optimized-2m-16-segment-width-4-2abv0rml.png Figure 1. Example of an optimized 2m = 16-segment, width 4 piecewise linear kernel. This kernel minimizes the energy of the six near-spectrum aliased images relative to the energy of the image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-basis-for-the-set-of-symmetric-width-four-2pp5pbck.png Figure 4. A basis for the set of symmetric, width-four, continuous, piecewise-linear kernels with 2m = 16 segments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-numerical-results-obtained-from-loqo-iterative-2cgxdj6g.png Table II. Numerical results obtained from LOQO, Iterative Method and Linear Method. For the discrete points indicated by ∗ LOQO did not converge in 500 iterations with the default parameter setting. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-testing-results-for-optimal-values-of-parameters-294udx7i.png Table I. Testing results for optimal values of parameters with 71 discrete points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dataflow-of-a-non-raster-image-reconstruction-spo5l3ym.png Figure 3. Dataflow of a non-raster image reconstruction including resampling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-transform-of-the-kernel-function-f-showing-the-2e61cclc.png Figure 2. The transform of the kernel function, f , showing the desired imaging intervals as well as the intervals which will alias onto the image as a result of using the finite Fourier transform. https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-development-of-sars-cov-2-receptor-binding-domain-4hznzzca1i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-assembly-validation-and-physical-evaluation-of-3nxsk533.png Figure 2. Assembly validation and physical evaluation of nanoparticles. https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-extraction-and-kinetic-analysis-of-protein-complexes-24npz9p3gy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-dynamic-sc-simpull-workflow-a-comparison-of-our-36qc732i.png Figure 3: A dynamic sc-SiMPull workflow A) Comparison of our previous “static” workflow (left) and the new “dynamic” workflow (right) enabled by laser lysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-laser-lysis-is-compatible-with-simpull-and-improves-2mq598t4.png Figure 2: Laser lysis is compatible with SiMPull and improves reproducibility A) Comparison of laser-induced and mechanical (“pencil”) lysis using an mNG::HaloTag control https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-kinetic-analysis-of-the-apkc-par-6-complex-released-y7ncrt5k.png Figure 4: Kinetic analysis of the aPKC/PAR-6 complex released from cells https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-laser-induced-lysis-for-single-cell-single-molecule-39k0nea1.png Figure 1: Laser-induced lysis for single-cell, single-molecule pull-down https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-identification-of-druggable-targets-and-the-power-of-2x18bn4w30 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-phensim-drug-biykuexw.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of the PHENSIM Drug repurposing Strategy. Outline for our approach to acquire a cell-specific viral signature in silico using a Transcriptomic strategy: logFold Changes (logFCs) of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) arising from transcriptomic genome wide expression analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infected vs. baseline uninfected cells, cell-lines and tissues are the main input for the PHENotype SIMulator. Once a cell-specific viral signature is defined based on gene and signaling pathway endpoints using KEGG meta-pathway analysis, PHENSIM can be exploited to search for possible repositioning candidates by building a drug signature database using the Drug repurposing strategy: multiple targets of drug candidates are used as input for PHENSIM to define drug signatures based on pathway endpoints. A Pearson correlation between the acquired virus and drug signatures ρ(x,y) gives rise to a correlation scoring system to evaluate drug repositioning candidates in a certain infected cell or tissue. Negative correlation (green) predicts promising targets that inhibit the viral signature and positive correlation (red) suggests exacerbation of the viral signature when introducing the drug. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-phensim-proteomic-pathway-analysis-in-sars-cov-2-1muzbcks.png Figure 3. PHENSIM proteomic pathway analysis in SARS-CoV-2-infected human host cells. PHENSIM pathway analysis of the Caco-2 cell experiment was simulated in silico to reproduce in vitro results presented by Bojkova et al. at the 24hour time-point post SARS-CoV-2 infection A) Schematic https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-phensim-transcriptomic-predicted-values-from-blanco-3bx7cyys.png Table 1. PHENSIM transcriptomic predicted values from Blanco-Melo et al. 2020. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-phensim-proteomic-predicted-values-from-bojkova-et-1xdha467.png Table 2. PHENSIM proteomic predicted values from Bojkova et al. 2020. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-methylprednisolone-inhibits-key-inflammatory-and-26xlgvkk.png Figure 5. Methylprednisolone inhibits key inflammatory and viral signaling pathways in host lung and airway cells after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Heatmap depicts the effects of Methylprednisolone in silico in SARS-CoV-2 infection on select signaling pathways of interest (similar pathways to Fig. 2C). From left to right, column A shows pathway analysis results of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro as performed using the MITHrIL algorithm; column B shows PHENSIM results of SARS-CoV-2 infection in silico; column C shows PHENSIM simulation results of Methylprednisolone on SARS-CoV-2 infected cells in silico. Color gradient depicts the average pathway perturbation as predicted in our PHENSIM in silico experiments for column B&C. NHBE; Normal Human Bronchial Epithelial cells, Calu-3; Cultured human airway epithelial cells, A549; Transformed lung alveolar cells, ACE2; angiotensin-converting enzyme, MOI; multiplicity of infection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-in-silico-phensim-prediction-of-host-saw1y2vu.png Figure 2. In silico PHENSIM prediction of host transcriptional response to SARS-Cov-2. In vitro results from Blanco-Melo et al. (left column; checkered boxes) are compared to in silico PHENSIM predictions (right; solid) for all evaluated respiratory related cells assessed; NHBE, Calu-3, A549 cells at https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-drug-repositioning-candidates-for-covid-19-we-3obqa524.png Figure 4. Drug repositioning candidates for COVID-19. We leverage our PHENSIM drug strategy approach to test candidate drugs for potential repurposing for COVID-19 treatment. Once a cell-specific viral signature is defined, it can be exploited to search for possible repositioning candidates by building a drug signature database. A Pearson correlation p(x,y) between the viral and drug signatures gives rise to a correlation score. Drug candidates having a positive effect on ameliorating SARS-CoV-2 infection have a negative correlation score (green) between viral and drug signature, whereas candidate drugs worsening disease correlate positively (red). Here we show distinct candidate drugs having a variable effect depending on the multiplicity of infection (MOI) of virus infection in A459-ACE2 expressing cells in A) low MOI 0.2 and B) high MOI 2.0. This analysis shows the modeling viral load dynamics and discerning what candidate could work best in low vs higher viral load. Resulted top pathways significantly https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-malignant-progression-of-an-intraparenchymal-choroid-1ysu83t4je 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-photomicrograph-showing-benign-features-of-the-f5uzmou8.png Figure 4: (a) Photomicrograph showing benign features of the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-new-mri-after-7-months-showed-a-new-cystic-lesion-ramiq03z.png Figure 3: A new MRI, after 7 months, showed a new cystic lesion in the cerebellar vermis with an eccentric nodule, in the temporal lobe and a recurrent multiloculated lesion in the left parietal region. Histological diagnosis was CPC grade III WHO https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-post-operative-ct-scan-showed-the-partial-removal-2ds8rfph.png Figure 2: Post operative CT scan showed the partial removal of the extra ventricular cystic lesion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-first-preoperative-mri-shows-a-cystic-plexus-3o6nljs3.png Figure 1: First preoperative MRI shows a cystic plexus papilloma in the left parietal region. An enhanced ring can be visualized after gadolinium. Histological diagnosis revealed a CPP grade I WHO https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-induction-of-antigen-specific-cd4-t-cells-guides-4cm491aklr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mrna-vaccination-provokes-a-coordinated-immune-12f6tqv3.png Fig. 4: mRNA vaccination provokes a coordinated immune response in SARS-CoV-2 naive and recovered individuals. (A) UMAP projections of aggregated antigen-specific data for T cell, memory B cell, and antibody responses over time. Memory B cell and antibody data were taken from a previously-published dataset using the same cohort (Goel et al., 2021). Colors represent timepoints at which PBMCs were collected throughout the study. Parameters were considered as frequency of non-naïve T cells or memory B cells, capturing both the magnitude and skewing of responses. (B-C) Summary plots of UMAP1 (B) and UMAP2 (C) coordinates over time. Individual points represent individual participants. Statistics were calculated using unpaired Wilcoxon test. (D) Correlations of the individual antigen specific features used to train the UMAP against the UMAP1 and UMAP2 axis. (*) represents correlation of features against UMAP1 and UMAP2 that were not used to train the original UMAP. Red indicates positive correlations and blue indicates negative correlations. (E) Kernel density plots displaying the variation of selected antigen-specific features across UMAP space. Timepoints are as defined in Fig. 1A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mrna-vaccination-elicits-antigen-specific-cd4-and-cd8-2ir8smha.png Fig. 1: mRNA vaccination elicits antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. (A) Longitudinal study design and representative flow cytometry plots for identifying AIM+ CD4+ T cells (left) and visualizing AIM+ CD8+ T cells (right). Numbers represent the frequency of total nonnaïve CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. (B) Summary plots of AIM+ CD4+ (left) and CD8+ (right) T cells defined as indicated above each plot. Values represent the frequency of AIM+ non-naïve cells after subtracting the frequency from paired unstimulated samples. Solid lines connect individual donors sampled longitudinally. Statistics were calculated using unpaired Wilcoxon test. Blue indicates SARS-CoV-2 naïve, red indicates SARS-CoV-2 recovered individuals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-early-antigen-specific-cd4-helper-t-cell-responses-qt07ts9x.png Fig. 3: Early antigen-specific CD4+ helper T cell responses shape humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses to mRNA vaccination. (A) Representative flow cytometric plots depicting the gating of AIM+ CD4+ T cells to identify the indicated helper subsets in a SARS-CoV2 naïve donor at timepoint 4. Red events depict AIM+ T cells, gray events depict total CD4+ T cells from the same donor. (B) Frequency of T helper subsets in AIM+ CD4+ T cells. Top panel depicts SARS-CoV-2 recovered donors. Bottom panel depicts SARS-CoV-2 naïve donors. Left panel depicts the background-subtracted percent of non-naïve CD4+ T cells that are AIM+ helper T cells in each subset. Right panel depicts the relative frequency of each helper T cell subset in the background-subtracted AIM+ population. cTfh = CXCR5+ of non-naïve CD4+ T cells, Th1 = CXCR5- CXCR3+ CCR6-, Th2 = CXCR5- CXCR3- CCR6-, Th17 = CXCR5- CXCR3- CCR6+, Th1/17 = CXCR5- CXCR3+ CCR6+. (C) Correlations between the frequency of pre-boost (timepoint 2) AIM+ Th1 or AIM+ cTfh cells with post-boost (timepoint 4) AIM+ CD8+ T cells or neutralizing titers against dominant (D614G) or variant (B.1.351) strains of SARS-CoV-2 as published in a previous study of the same cohort (Goel et al., 2021). FRNT50 = Focus reduction neutralization titer 50%. Only SARS-CoV-2 naïve donors were considered for these correlations. Associations were calculated using Spearman rank correlation and are shown with Pearson trend lines for visualization. Timepoints are as defined in Fig. 1A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mrna-vaccination-induces-antigen-specific-memory-t-cq0anina.png Fig. 2: mRNA vaccination induces antigen-specific memory T cells that mirror memory T cell responses from natural infection. (A,C) Representative flow cytometric plots depicting the gating of AIM+ CD4+ (A) and CD8+ (C) T cells to identify the indicated memory T cell subsets in a SARS-CoV-2 naïve donor at timepoint 4. Red events depict AIM+ cells, gray events depict total CD4+ (A) or CD8+ (C) T cells from the same donor. Numbers indicate the frequency of AIM+ cells falling within each gate. (B,D) Frequency of memory T cell subsets in AIM+ CD4+ (B) and AIM+ CD8+ (D) T cells. Top panels depict SARS-CoV-2 recovered donors. Bottom panels depict SARSCoV-2 naïve donors. Left panels depict the background-subtracted percent of non-naïve T cells that are AIM+ cells of each subset. Right panels depict the relative frequency of each memory T cell subset in the background-subtracted AIM+ population. CM = CD45RA- CD27+ CCR7+, EM1 = CD45RA- CD27+ CCR7-, EM2 = CD45RA- CD27- CCR7+, EM3 = CD45RA- CD27- CCR7-, EMRA = CD45RA+ CD27- CCR7-. Timepoints are as defined in Fig. 1A. https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-inexpensive-methods-for-exploring-sars-cov-2-d614g-2jmb9f7alx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-amplification-curves-using-addprobe-rrt-pcr-master-2pn9exbl.png Figure 3: Amplification curves using AddProbe rRT PCR master mix (AddBio) using D614G IN primers and probes including D614 D-FAM and G614 G-HEX probes. Only HEX (blue) showed amplification curves indicating the G614 mutant, but FAM (yellow) did not form amplification curves indicating that wild type D614 is absent. NC (green) is a negative control. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dna-sequencings-of-both-sars-cov-2-d614g-and-human-1vvn8iqh.png Figure 2: DNA sequencings of both SARS CoV-2 D614G and human cytochrome b used for RFLP: Panel (A) Nucleic acid sequences of SARS CoV-2 shows restriction site (GGATGNN) in the wild type D614 which is cleaved by BtsCI enzyme while G614 mutant sequence is not cut by the enzyme. Both D614G Out F and R primers are also located. Panel B) Nucleic acid sequences of human cytochrome b gene shows restriction site (5’…NNCATCC…3’) which is cleaved by BtsCI enzyme. Both universal F and R primers are also located. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-locations-of-primers-and-probes-in-a-specific-2aommray.png Figure 1: Locations of primers and probes in a specific region around D614G (A23403G) mutation in SARS CoV-2 isolate Wuhan-Hu-1, complete genome. GenBank: MN908947.3. A part of amino acid sequences showing amino acid D614 which is mutated to G614 (A). Locations of rRT PCR Primers and probes (B). Locations of ARMS PCR primers (C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pcr-products-on-1-5-agarose-gel-electrophoresis-2jz7zov3.png Figure 4: PCR products on 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis: Addscript RT PCR master mix (AddBio) using ARMS PCR primers. Panel A: PCR products using primers separately. Well 1: PCR products using D614 AF and Out R primes. Well 2: PCR products using G614 GR and Out F primers generating 176 bp. Well 3: PCR products using Out F and Out R primers creating 266 bp. Panel B: an example of a PCR Product using all primers D614 AF, G614 GR, Out F and Out R in a single tube reaction that created 176 bp (for G614 mutant) and 266 bp (for outer primers). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pcr-products-on-1-5-agarose-gel-electrophoresis-1ymesapz.png Figure 5: PCR products on 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis using Addscript RT PCR Master mix (AddBio) and ARMS PCR primers. M= DNA marker 50bp. N= negative control. Lane 1= undigested PCR product amplified by D614G Out primers. Lanes 2 and 3= PCR products amplified by D614G Out primers and incubated with BtsCI enzyme at 50°C. Lane 4= undigested human cytochrome b PCR products amplified by universal primers. Lanes 5 and 6= the human cytochrome b PCR products were cleaved by the BtsCI enzyme. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primers-and-probes-for-rrt-pcr-arms-and-rflp-zr5ooo5r.png Table 1: Primers and probes for rRT PCR, ARMS and RFLP https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-processing-of-sars-cov-2-containing-specimens-for-59in92wicb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-determination-of-lod-for-detecting-sars-cov-2-in-rt-1cttc4qv.png Table 5. Determination of LOD for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in RT-qPCR using 323 AG processed saliva. 324 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-detection-range-for-sars-cov-2-in-universal-njwbefb4.png Figure 2. Detection range for SARS-CoV-2 in Universal Transport 302 Medium for Viruses (UTM) or Hanks storage medium (HBSS) using 303 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-tween-20-and-heat-on-ct-values-for-18kij9gf.png Table 4. Effect of Tween-20 and heat on CT values for detecting 237 SARS-CoV-2 in AG processed saliva. 238 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-detection-of-sars-cov-2-rna-in-ag-processed-saliva-2gw9exh7.png Table 1. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in AG processed saliva by RT-qPCR. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-effect-of-heating-and-tween-20-on-ct-using-ag-3srmytzq.png Table 6. Effect of heating and Tween-20 on CT using AG processed saliva with low viral copy number. https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-multiplexed-microfluidic-phage-display-4pwyqazm63 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-peptide-sequences-identified-from-the-single-round-2eqx9dcg.png Table 1 Peptide sequences identified from the single-round, PCRamplified microfluidic chip https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simplified-design-of-the-multiplexed-device-2bkuykg5.png Fig. 2 Simplified design of the multiplexed device, illustrating inlets and outlets. Flow layer is shown in green, control layer in red. https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-prototyped-patient-specific-guiding-implants-in-55i78yy668 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-patient-specific-implant-1adqqeoz.png Fig. 1. Patient specific implant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-imagingmethods-used-in-the-postoperative-follow-2zspjtc1.png Table 2 The imagingmethods used in the postoperative follow upwith timetables. The time of the is presented in parenthesis (if more than one). Patient number 4 had two separate opera https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-two-months-postoperative-clinical-a-anterior-b-lateral-1tsy6p4n.png Fig. 4. Two months postoperative clinical A) anterior, B) lateral and C) intraoral view of patient treated with PSI and a radial forearm flap (Patient No 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-preoperative-and-b-45-months-postoperative-panoramic-17lgg0dw.png Fig. 5. A) Preoperative and B) 45 months postoperative panoramic radiographs with the PSI in place (Patient no 2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-radiological-findings-including-plate-fitting-121g6z4y.png Table 3 The radiological findings including: plate fitting, bone or bone substitute location in the resection line (in contact or not), bone or bone substitute surplus or deficiency, and possible radiological complications. Patient number 4 had two separate operations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-12-months-postoperative-a-cone-beam-computed-2jjtxayw.png Fig. 6. 12 months postoperative A) cone beam computed tomography radiographs with B) 3D format (Patient No 2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-patients-with-mandibular-76bicj3h.png Table 1 Diagnosis and treatment of patients with mandibular patient specific implants. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-histological-analysis-of-bone-biopsy-at-22-months-v8z8bqgp.png Fig. 7. Histological analysis of bone biopsy at 22 months postoperatively showing lamellar bone formation (Patient No 2). https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-sensory-profiling-and-hedonic-rating-of-whole-grain-x5oefdymph 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-formulations-of-four-types-of-biscuits-red-and-white-330shrt0.png Table 1 Formulations of four types of biscuits: red and white whole grain sorghum and red and white whole https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-trypsin-inhibitor-activity-tiu-pepsin-in-vitro-35vxaf7g.png Table 4 Trypsin inhibitor activity (TIU), pepsin in-vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) and calculated protein digestibility corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) of whole grain sorghum and cowpea flours, their composites and biscuits made from these flours and wheat biscuits https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-overall-liking-ratings-for-sorghum-sorghum-2vti5he3.png Figure 3 Mean overall liking ratings for sorghum, sorghum-cowpea and wheat biscuits by clusters of consumers with different liking patterns. Clusters are based on complete sets of ratings for all six biscuits from n=88, while the comparison of liking ratings for all consumers is based on n=97 consumers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-contingency-table-for-the-cata-evaluation-for-whole-1d9etbrm.png Table 2: Contingency table (%) for the CATA evaluation for whole grain sorghum, wholegrain sorghum-cowpea and wheat biscuits. (n = 97 consumers) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representation-of-the-biscuits-sorghum-sorghum-1kmra3b8.png Figure 1 Representation of the biscuits (sorghum, sorghum-cowpea and wheat standards) and the aroma terms in the first two dimensions of the correspondence analysis (CA) performed on consumers’ responses to checkall-that-apply (CATA) question https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-proximate-composition-of-whole-grain-sorghum-and-167l9vw5.png Table 3 Proximate composition of whole grain sorghum and cowpea grain and flours, their composite flours and biscuits made from these flours and wheat biscuits (g/100 g) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-representation-of-the-biscuits-sorghum-sorghum-1lapfyo4.png Figure 2 Representation of the biscuits (sorghum, sorghum-cowpea, wheat standards) and the texture and flavour terms in the first two dimensions of the correspondence analysis (CA) performed on consumers’ responses to check-all-that-apply (CATA) questions, including instrumental data, consumers’ overall liking and intent to buy data https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-colour-and-texture-properties-of-whole-grain-sorghum-24femyx0.png Table 5 Colour and texture properties of whole grain sorghum, sorghum-cowpea composite biscuits and wheat biscuits https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-shift-in-substrate-utilization-driven-by-hypothalamic-1jns1zepts 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rapid-shift-in-substrate-utilization-upon-1x9mpwlt.png Figure 1: Rapid shift in substrate utilization upon activation of Agrp neurons. 2 (A) In indirect calorimetry chambers, RER was calculated by diving the VCO2 by the VO2; 3 oxidation of fat acids (e.g., palmitate) generates a RER of 0.7, while oxidation of carbohydrates 4 (e.g., glucose) generates a RER of 1.0. From B-H, control (black; n = 8) and AgrpTrpv1 mice (red; 5 n = 8) were acclimated to calorimetry chambers before been injected with capsaicin (dashed 6 lines; 10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the light cycle with food and water provided ad libitum. (B) RER 7 (interaction: F45, 630 = 8.40, P < 0.0001; time: F45, 630 = 13.86, P < 0.0001; group: F1, 14 = 52.59, P 8 < 0.0001). (C) VO2 (interaction: F45, 630 = 1.07, P = 0.34; time: F45, 630 = 11.22, P < 0.0001; 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-agrp-neurons-control-substrate-utilization-vxyzw4uf.png Figure 4: Agrp neurons control substrate utilization independently of ingestion. 2 (A) Control and AgrpTrpv1 mice received a bolus of saline or glucose (2 g/kg) via gavage 3 followed by peripheral injection of capsaicin (10 mg/kg, i.p.). (B) Changes in RER in control 4 mice fed different doses of glucose solutions (interaction: F1, 40 = 9.82, P = 0.003; gavage 5 solution: F1, 40 = 8.20, P = 0.006; genotype: F1, 40 = 71.31, P < 0.0001). (C) Fat utilization 6 (interaction: F1, 40 = 7.91, P = 0.007; gavage solution: F1, 40 = 6.07, P = 0.01; genotype: F1, 40 = 7 79.82, P < 0.0001). (D) Carbohydrate utilization: (interaction: F1, 40 = 8.29, P = 0.006; gavage 8 solution: F1, 40 = 5.26, P = 0.02; genotype: F1, 40 = 37.44, P < 0.0001). Statistical analysis was 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-agrp-neurons-promote-lipogenesis-2-a-well-fed-3eg7m29e.png Figure 5: Agrp neurons promote lipogenesis. 2 (A) Well-fed control (in black) and AgrpTrpv1 (in red) mice were injected with capsaicin (10 3 mg/kg, i.p.). One group of animals was tail bled before and after (40 and 80 min) injection to 4 measure blood levels of NEFA and glucose. Different groups of animals were sacrificed 60 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-substrate-utilization-in-response-to-different-1dnoeacn.png Figure 2: Substrate utilization in response to different diets. 2 Mice (AgrpTrpv1) were tested in calorimetry chambers for their rapid response to different diets 3 upon activation of Agrp neurons (with capsaicin, 10 mg/kg, i.p). (A) Three different diets were 4 used in the studies, containing different distribution of macronutrients from similar sources 5 (protein levels were equal at 20 kcal%); low-fat high-sugar diet (LFHS; Research Diets 6 D12450B [carbohydrates: 70 kcal%; fat: 10 kcal%]); high-fat diet (HF45; Research Diets 7 D12451 [carbohydrates: 35 kcal%; fat: 45 kcal%]); and high-fat diet (HF60; Research Diets 8 D12492 [carbohydrates: 20 kcal%; fat: 60 kcal%]). Mice were fed pre-weighted amounts of the 9 three different diets in three different experimental conditions (see table; n = 10 mice per 10 condition): ‘Fat clamp’, all mice received a pellet of the diet containing 0.4 kcal from fat; ‘Sugar 11 clamp’, mice received a food pellet containing 0.7 kcal from carbohydrates; and ‘Cal clamp’, 12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-acute-effects-of-glucose-on-metabolism-2-metabolic-h2a2j7ez.png Figure 3: Acute effects of glucose on metabolism. 2 Metabolic phenotyping of mice immediately after a dose-response of glucose (via gavage). (A) 3 Mice received a bolus of saline or glucose solution (1, 2, or 3 g/kg body weight dissolved in 4 saline) via gavage. (B) Glucose gavage infusion produces an acute increase in RER that is dose 5 dependent. (C) Calculated fat utilization negatively correlates to glucose ingestion. (D) 6 Calculated carbohydrate utilization is positively correlated to glucose ingestion. (E) VO2 levels 7 did not correlated with glucose infusion. (F) VCO2 was positively correlated with glucose 8 ingestion. (G) Glucose gavage also positively correlated with energy expenditure measurements, 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sns-signaling-is-involved-in-peripheral-effects-of-34u2izt1.png Figure 6: SNS signaling is involved in peripheral effects of Agrp neurons. 2 (A) Experimental design to test the participation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in the 3 effects of Agrp neurons on substrate utilization. Control (black) and AgrpTrpv1 mice (green) were 4 randomized to receive vehicle or the ß3-adrenergic receptor agonist (CL316,243, 1 mg/kg, i.p.); 5 vehicle or CL316,243 were injected immediately before capsaicin. (B) RER (interaction: F1, 25 = 6 75.09, P < 0.0001; drug: F1, 25 = 67.96, P < 0.0001; genotype: F1, 25 = 108.4, P < 0.0001). (C) Fat 7 utilization (interaction: F1, 25 = 85.56, P < 0.0001; drug: F1, 25 = 150.4, P < 0.0001; genotype: F1, 8 25 = 86.42, P < 0.0001). (D) Carbohydrate utilization: (interaction: F1, 25 = 29.74, P < 0.0001; 9 https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-response-to-the-alpha-1-adrenergic-agent-phenylephrine-5d5n9ysgw6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-drug-response-difference-between-populations-3datg6a4.png Fig. 2 Drug response difference between populations. Cumulative distribution function for Δ Systolic Blood Pressure for AfricanAmericans (in red), European Americans (in green), and Hispanic/ Latinos (in blue). Average values for Δ SBP for AA, EA, HA are 15.31 mmHg (SE ± 0.71), 20.05 mmHg (SE ± 0.66), and 16.35 mmHg (SE ± 0.6) respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-software-prototyping-for-heterogeneous-and-distributed-nldjvu669u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-to-compute-matrix-norm-of-the-kronecker-2jql7swh.png Figure 2: Time to compute matrix norm of the Kronecker product of two N ×N matrices. Measurements marked with “dense” first compute the Kronecker product in full, while other measurements uses the structured matrix type from Listing 3 and the accompanying norm calculation from Listing 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-to-perform-25-iterations-of-proximal-gradient-1xmwz7tu.png Figure 3: Time to perform 25 iterations of proximal gradient descent from Listing 2 to optimize a network of 100 parameters for N outputs. The implementation uses linear regression as a user defined model and performs enough iterations for the loss to reach 0.01 given random inputs that are normally-distributed around 0 with a standard deviation of 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-to-execute-the-domeigen-function-from-listing-fiehezbr.png Figure 1: Time to execute the domeigen function from Listing 1 and compute the dominant eigenvector and eigenvalue of a N ×N matrix. We benchmark for 1000 iterations of the power method, approximating the reference eigenvalue with sufficient accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lowering-of-different-forms-of-broadcast-syntax-gevkyz7d.png Table 1: Lowering of different forms of broadcast syntax. https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-synthesis-of-biobrxi1-x-photocatalysts-insights-to-the-1zz5614orw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-band-positions-a-and-the-normalisation-of-kinetic-1ya91evf.png Figure 7 Band positions (A) and the normalisation of kinetic constants with bandstructure energies of the BiOBrxI1-x solid solutions https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-uptake-of-pharmaceutical-salbutamol-from-aqueous-1lwfl8hwbw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-contact-time-on-salbutamol-adsorption-by-2dacv9uz.png Figure 5. Effect of contact time on salbutamol adsorption by succinylated cellulose nanofibrils (pH 9, salbutamol concentration 30 mg/L, CNF80 adsorbent dose 75 mg/L), (A) with no settling and (B) including an additional 30 min settling. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reaction-conditions-carboxyl-contents-and-resulting-6m1rywn6.png Table 1. Reaction Conditions, Carboxyl Contents, and Resulting Nanofibrils of Cellulose Samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-succinylation-of-cellulose-pulp-fibers-in-urea-licl-2t0yjts0.png Figure 2. Succinylation of cellulose pulp fibers in urea-LiCl deep eutectic solvent (DES). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-estimated-relative-fractions-of-salbutamol-vpq5nqtu.png Figure 4. (A) Estimated relative fractions of salbutamol species present at a given pH. Fractions were calculated using the microscopic ionization constants [4,14,37]. The numbering refers to the chemical structures presented in Figure 1. (B) Effect of pH on salbutamol adsorption by succinylated cellulose nanofibrils (stirring time 4 h, salbutamol concentration 30 mg/L, CNF80 adsorbent dose 75 mg/L). The pH values represent the readings after 4 h of stirring. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-protonated-1-zwitterionic-2-neutral-3-and-167q4v0z.png Figure 1. Protonated (1), zwitterionic (2), neutral (3), and deprotonated (4) species of salbutamol with microscopic ionization constants pKa1 ± = 9.22, pKa2 ± = 10.22, pKa1 º = 9.60, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-apparent-charge-densities-of-cellulose-192ij4ve.png Figure 3. (A) Apparent charge densities of cellulose nanofibrils (0.01% solution) as a function of pH. The data points are averages from two to four titrations. The error bars represent the sample standard deviation or the difference of measured values for more than two or less than three measurements, respectively. (B) The ζ-potential of cellulose nanofibrils (0.1% solution) as a function of pH. The data points are averages of three measurements, and the error bars represent the sample standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-adsorption-isotherm-for-salbutamol-adsorption-by-2indocxw.png Figure 7. Adsorption isotherm for salbutamol adsorption by succinylated cellulose nanofibrils (pH 9, stirring time 10 min, CNF80 adsorbent dose 75 mg/L). The solid line represents nonlinear regression based on the Freundlich equation, and the dashed lines represent the 95% confidence limits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-cellulose-nanofibril-dose-on-salbutamol-2sy04dh7.png Figure 6. Effect of cellulose nanofibril dose on salbutamol removal (pH 9, stirring time 10 min, salbutamol concentration 30 mg/L), (A) the % removal as a function of adsorbent dose and (B) the amount of salbutamol adsorbed at equilibrium as a function of adsorbent dose. https://scispace.com/papers/rare-and-common-genetic-variants-smoking-and-higher-body-2ncni0ytun 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multivariate-analysis-of-the-effects-of-behavioral-1edxewh3.png Table 2. Multivariate Analysis of the Effects of Behavioral and Genetic Factors on Age of Progression to Advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-genetic-variants-associated-with-the-progression-to-1eaddvjh.png Table 1. Genetic Variants Associated With the Progression to Advanced AMD Using Stepwise Selection https://scispace.com/papers/rare-earth-ce-modified-ti-ce-a-c-h-carbon-based-film-on-wc-2v3odf7qg6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-friction-coefficient-versus-sliding-time-g0yemnuo.png Fig. 8. (color online) Friction coefficient versus sliding time for Ti/a-C:H film and (Ti,Ce)/a-C:H film in ambient air. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-the-optical-microscope-images-of-scratch-92j6uk1g.png Fig. 7. (color online) The optical microscope images of scratch tracks of the Ti/a-C:H and (Ti,Ce)/a-C:H films. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-sem-images-of-wear-tracks-and-wear-scars-24uv3vbo.png Fig. 9. (color online) SEM images of wear tracks and wear scars on the counterfaces in ambient air for Ti/a-C:H film ((a), (c)) and for (Ti,Ce)/a- C:H film ((b), (d)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-raman-spectra-of-as-prepared-ti-a-c-h-1r2nl2ay.png Fig. 4. (color online) Raman spectra of as-prepared Ti/a-C:H film and (Ti,Ce)/a-C:H film. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-hrtem-bright-field-images-of-a-ti-a-c-h-9ainzgl4.png Fig. 6. (color online) HRTEM bright-field images of (a) Ti/a-C:H film and (b) (Ti,Ce)/a-C:H film. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-sem-images-of-wear-tracks-and-wear-scars-367pcdbk.png Fig. 11. (color online) SEM images of wear tracks and wear scars on the counterfaces in deionized water for Ti/a-C:H film ((a), (c)) and for (Ti,Ce)/a-C:H film ((b), (d)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-friction-coefficient-versus-sliding-time-9qyf11s7.png Fig. 10. (color online) Friction coefficient versus sliding time for Ti/a-C:H film and (Ti,Ce)/a-C:H film in deionized water. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-two-and-three-dimensional-afm-surface-ttsw5eo1.png Fig. 1. (color online) The two- and three-dimensional AFM surface morphologies of (a) Ti/a-C:H film and (b) (Ti,Ce)/a-C:H film. https://scispace.com/papers/rare-earth-element-abundances-in-hydrothermal-fluids-from-5nuygxwz1w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-5-total-concentration-of-rees-vs-ph-for-1or0c4u5.png Figure 2.5. Total concentration of REEs vs. pH for hydrothermal vent fluids from the Manus Basin. Acid-sulfate fluids are delineated by the dashed oval. Also shown for comparison are data for acid-sulfate fluids sampled from continental hydrothermal systems (Michard, 1989; Lewis et al., 1997) and for high-temperature, endmember fluids from unsedimented, mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems (Menez Gwen, Snakepit, Lucky Strike and TAG active mound; Douville et al., 1999). High-temperature (> 300 ºC) fluids at all sites show a relatively good correlation between pH and REE concentration. Lower-temperature (<< 300 ºC) vent fluids show some departures from this trend. Processes affecting REE concentrations are discussed in text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-fractional-abundance-of-a-fluoride-present-in-solution-2u63yaxr.png Fig. 9. Fractional abundance of (a) fluoride present in solution as HF and Al-fluoride complexes and (b) REE present in solution as REE-fluoride complexes, versus measured fluid pH (25 °C) for hydrothermal fluids listed in Table 3. The dashed line in (a) is the modeled fractional abundance of HF relative to total fluoride in the absence of Al-fluoride complexation (i.e., Al3+ removed from fluid compositions for species distribution calculations). The values in parentheses in (b) are measured fluoride concentrations. At low pH in acid-sulfate fluids, fluoride is effectively bound as HF and is unavailable to complex REEs. The presence or absence of Al-fluoride complexes does not affect predicted REEfluoride complex abundances (dashed line follows modeled fluids). At higher pH in smoker fluids, proportionally more fluoride is dissociated and available to complex with REEs. The fraction of REE complexed with fluoride is significant in fluoride-rich (≥ 400 µM) hydrothermal fluids at pH > 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-correlations-between-aqueous-sf-scl-ratios-and-t2v0slrt.png Fig. 7. Correlations between aqueous [ΣF]/[ΣCl] ratios and chondrite-normalized LaN/YbN (a) and EuN/Eu*N ratios (b) in black smoker and acid-sulfate fluids from the Manus Basin. Data for all vent areas are grouped by measured pH (25 °C). Smoker fluids with lower temperatures (< 280 °C) and elevated Mg concentrations (> 10 mmol/kg) are not plotted. Smoker fluids (pH > 2 to 4) show decreasing LaN/YbN and EuN/Eu*N ratios (increasing heavyREE abundances relative to light-REEs and Eu) with increasing [ΣF]/[ΣCl] ratios. Acidsulfate fluids (pH < 2) show no clear differences in LaN/YbN and EuN/Eu*N ratios for a wide range of [ΣF]/ΣCl] ratios. Differences in ligand abundances affect aqueous REEN distributions likely owing to the formation of various REE-ligand complexes with different stabilities. See text for discussion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-endmember-zero-mg-rare-earth-element-concentrations-sjhukw76.png Table 2. Endmember (zero Mg) rare earth element concentrations (pmol/kg) in smoker fluids sampled in the Manus Basin. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rare-earth-element-concentrations-pmol-kg-in-sampled-17330zhm.png Table 1. Rare earth element concentrations (pmol/kg) in sampled smoker- and acid-sulfate-type fluids from the Manus Basin. Data are reported at the lowest measured Mg. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-chemical-compositions-of-representative-hydrothermal-36o36ukz.png Table 3. Chemical compositions of representative hydrothermal fluids used in thermodynamic REE speciation calculations. https://scispace.com/papers/rare-earth-element-determination-in-olivine-by-laser-3k8wto6tt5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-measurement-repeatability-2-standard-error-5njwipu6.png Figure 3. (a) Measurement repeatability (% 2 standard error) plotted against average background-corrected signal (cps) for representative analytical runs, using Si and Al as internal standard elements for calibration, between https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-variation-in-fractionation-index-see-text-for-1w94ega3.png Figure 1. Variation in fractionation index (see text for definition) for glass and in-house olivine reference https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-ci-normalised-values-of-mcdonough-and-sun-1995-3p372ocq.png Figure 4. (a) CI-normalised (values of McDonough and Sun 1995) partial REE patterns for average leached (n = 5) and unleached (n = 4) olivine groups (see Table S1) by S-Q-ICP-MS compared with the mean mass fraction https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-x065wg2n.png Table 1. Sample characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bias-see-text-for-definition-for-three-reference-2k0qwa5f.png Figure 2. %Bias (see text for definition) for three reference materials that were used as quality monitors for all experiments (February–September 2015), plotted in order of atomic mass. Range bars represent 1s . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-dol-cpx-for-empirically-determined-experimental-9l8sdwg4.png Figure 6. (a) Dol/cpx for empirically determined, experimental and theoretical data plotted against cationic radius. Samples shown from this study are San Carlos (NMNH 111312-44) and a spinel lherzolite https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-laser-ablation-quadrupole-icp-ms-operating-2fooc5rm.png Table 2. Laser ablation quadrupole-ICP-MS operating parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ci-normalised-mcdonough-and-sun-1995-ree-patterns-2vp7llnn.png Figure 5. CI-normalised (McDonough and Sun 1995) REE patterns in olivine, arranged by atomic mass. (a) Olivine/chondrite patterns for all mantle olivine samples in this study. (b) Olivine/chondrite patterns for https://scispace.com/papers/rare-late-cretaceous-phymosomatoid-echinoids-from-the-1wuzyuqhj9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gauthieria-aff-pseudoradiata-schluter-1883-gzg-inv-3jlb6dwp.png FIGURE 4. Gauthieria aff. pseudoradiata (Schlüter, 1883) (GZG.INV.15306). A. detail of ambital interambulacrum; B. detail of ambital ambulacrum (scale bar = 2 mm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketch-map-of-the-southeastern-margin-of-the-2qy6uwiy.png FIGURE 1. Sketch map of the southeastern margin of the Hannover city area with the position of the quarries exposing Campanian successions. The material studied here comes from the northern-most outcrop (Teutonia Nord quarry). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gauthieria-mosae-geys-1980-a-c-g-h-gzg-inv-15304-d-18g5vkoj.png FIGURE 2. Gauthieria mosae Geys, 1980 (A–C, G–H: GZG.INV.15304; D–F: GZG.INV.15305), A. apical view; B. ambital view; C. oral view; D. oral view; E. view of ambital ambulacral plates; F. view of ambital interambulacral plates; G. detail of the ambital ambulacrum; H. detail of the adapical surface (Figs. A–F: scale bar = 5 mm; G–H: scale bar = 2 mm). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-irregular-echinoids-from-the-hannover-area-3nrb6oww.png TABLE 1. List of irregular echinoids from the Hannover area (after Neumann et al. 2002); ª: according to Smith & Wright (2003), these taxa are forms of Echinocorys scutata Leske, 1778. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-geographical-distribution-of-gauthieria-mosae-and-7wm1g7yz.png FIGURE 5. Geographical distribution of Gauthieria mosae and Gauthieria aff. pseudoradiata. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gauthieria-aff-pseudoradiata-schluter-1883-gzg-inv-uiokfri8.png FIGURE 3. Gauthieria aff. pseudoradiata (Schlüter, 1883) (GZG.INV.15306). A. lateral view (interambulacrum); B. oblique lateral-oral view; C. detail of adapical interambulacrum; D. lateral view (ambulacrum); E. detail of adoral plating; F. detail of adapical ambulacrum; (Figs. A, B, D: scale bar = 5 mm; Figs. C, E, F: scale bar = 2 mm). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-regular-echinoids-from-the-hannover-area-1xnr85q4.png TABLE 2. List of regular echinoids from the Hannover area (modified after Frerichs 2005; Krupp 2006; Schlüter et al. 2012; *present paper and pers. obs.). https://scispace.com/papers/rare-event-computation-in-deterministic-chaotic-systems-13jy7c623x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-the-over-threshold-probability-p-e-a-of-the-g35xxoa1.png Figure 9: (a) The over-threshold probability P (E > a) of the energy E of the Lorenz ’96 system with perturbations of varying strengths ϵ at times tk, without performing killing and cloning, with 10 000 independent realisations. The dotted line shows the estimated 2σ interval for over-threshold probability of the energy of the Lorenz ’96 system, as estimated from two realizations of the genealogical particle analysis algorithm with different perturbing noise strength ϵ upon cloning. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ancestral-paths-top-the-final-portion-of-killed-259qdonh.png Figure 6: Ancestral paths (top), the final portion of killed paths, plotted only between tk−1 and tk if the path is killed at tk (middle) and the fraction of the number of particles killedN (−)k to the total number of particlesNk (bottom) for genealogical particle analysis algorithms with either exponential weighting with C = 6.0 (left) or weighting based on the fluctuation path (right) for the fluctuation path ending at a = 3.0 at the final time T = 2. The dashed black lines in the top plots show the fluctuation path. The dash-dotted line in the top left plot shows the mean of the target particle distributions after selection (equals Cv(t)). The average number of particles for both simulations is M = 104 and the number of selections steps is 32. For graphical purposes a randomly selected sample of 2% of the ancestral and killed paths are shown in the first two rows https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-over-threshold-probability-p-x-a-as-estimated-1m6lwuhj.png Figure 7: The over-threshold probability P (x > a) as estimated by the genealogical particle analysis algorithm either with an exponential weight (blue long-dashed line) or a weight based on fluctuation paths (red medium-dashed line). The two shortdashed lines, at equal distance from the estimated averages, correspond to a 2 standard deviation interval of the estimator. The full line is the analytic result. Both implementations use the same number of particles N = 1e4 and 32 selections steps and both have roughly the same computational cost. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-representation-of-the-genealogical-1w9mz4zc.png Figure 2: Schematic representation of the genealogical particle analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-the-estimator-variance-re-for-different-weight-2vukfpeg.png Figure 5: (a) The estimator variance RE for different weight factors C for a range of thresholds. The brute force error is computed as √ γA − γ2A/( √ MγA) where A = [a,+∞). (b) The estimated over-threshold probability P (a) compared to the analytic result. For each value of the threshold a, the estimate corresponding to the value of C with lowest estimator variance is chosen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-the-empirical-relative-error-re-for-different-pokfuxwi.png Figure 10: (a) The empirical relative error RE for different weight factors C, for a range of energy thresholds a, for the Lorenz ’96 model. The number of particles is M = 1, 000. The brute force Monte Carlo relative error (in blue) is estimated with the same number of realizationsM as √ γ̂a − γ̂2a/(γ̂a √ M) (b) The over-threshold probability tail as estimated from the genealogical particle analysis algorithm compared to a brute force reconstruction. The number of particles used is 1, 000 for the genealogical particle analysis simulation and 10, 000 for the brute force simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-over-threshold-probability-get-p-e-t-et-estimated-clffnja5.png Figure 8: Over-threshold probability γEt = P (E(t) > Et) estimated from a brute force simulation and estimator variance RE = √ γEt − γ2Et/( √ MγEt) of the energy E of the Lorenz ’96 system with R = 28 and M = 105. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-ratio-of-the-standard-deviation-to-estimated-295m1vz6.png Figure 1: The ratio of the standard deviation to estimated probability of an exponentially tilted gaussian importance sampling estimator for a threshold a = 2 with https://scispace.com/papers/rare-events-for-statistical-model-checking-an-overview-2wipy7hu0t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-plasma-lab-architecture-7j05tjmj.png Fig. 1. Plasma Lab architecture. https://scispace.com/papers/rare-shocks-great-recessions-fvy5l04lag 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-counterfactual-evolution-of-output-and-hours-worked-2kedbfff.png Figure 5: Counterfactual evolution of output and hours worked when the Studentt distributed component is turned off, Financial Frictions Model, estimation with Student-t distributed shocks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-students-t-degrees-of-freedom-posterior-mean-230vce6o.png Table 5: Student’s t Degrees of Freedom Posterior Mean https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-smoothed-shocks-under-gaussianity-absolute-value-29g8opt4.png Figure 1: Smoothed Shocks under Gaussianity (Absolute Value, Standardized) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-priors-on-dsge-model-parameters-383e9mqm.png Table 1: Priors on DSGE Model Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-contribution-of-the-spread-shock-to-output-and-3ltl0vmy.png Figure 4: Contribution of the spread shock to output and hours worked fluctuations, Financial Frictions Model, estimation with Student-t distributed shocks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-posterior-means-of-the-dsge-model-parameters-1r2s396q.png Table 2: Posterior Means of the DSGE Model Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shocks-and-tamed-shocks-absolute-value-standardized-yube33t8.png Figure 2: Shocks and “Tamed” Shocks (Absolute Value, Standardized) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-marginal-likelihoods-32xf7276.png Table 3: Marginal Likelihoods https://scispace.com/papers/rarefaction-throttling-effect-influence-of-the-bend-in-micro-3v6j65hl21 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-streamline-and-the-contour-of-velocity-magnitude-at-13zozw7q.png FIG. 4. Streamline and the contour of velocity magnitude at the corner. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-velocity-magnitude-u-and-b-normalized-velocity-33515ez5.png FIG. 5. (a) Velocity magnitude U and (b) normalized velocity magnitude U/Umean-BB at l/L = 0.15 (section B-B in FIG. 3) in the bent channel with θ=90 for Kn=0.05, 0.5 and 5.0. Umean-BB is the average velocity magnitude in the B-B section under the corresponding Knudsen numbers. y represents the distance from the upper wall along the vertical direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-contours-of-the-normalized-velocity-magnitude-at-the-2evl9z7d.png FIG. 11. Contours of the normalized velocity magnitude at the chamfered corner. The lines marked with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 represent velocity contour lines of the 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% maximum velocity magnitude, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-contours-of-the-normalized-velocity-magnitude-u-umax-qrb7e31u.png FIG. 10. Contours of the normalized velocity magnitude U/Umax at the first corner when (a) Kn = 0.05, (b) Kn = 0.5, (c) Kn = 5.0. The lines marked with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 represent velocity contour lines of the 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of the maximum velocity magnitude, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-minimum-mfrs-and-corresponding-knudsen-numbers-for-38jvfaz8.png TABLE I. Minimum MFRs and corresponding Knudsen numbers for different bend angles, θ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-normalized-velocity-magnitude-u-umean-aa1-along-3n9cj4gw.png FIG. 3. The normalized velocity magnitude U/Umean-AA1 along the centerline of the bent channel with θ=90 for Kn=0.05, 0.5 and 5.0. Umean-AA1 is the average velocity magnitude along the centerline under the corresponding Knudsen numbers, and l represents the distance from the inlet along the centerline. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-contours-of-the-normalized-velocity-magnitude-u-umax-3da7iwr9.png FIG. 9. Contours of the normalized velocity magnitude (U/Umax) and the flow streamlines for the bent channel when (a) Kn = 0.05, (b) Kn=0.5, (c) Kn=5.0. Umax is chosen as the maximum velocity magnitude under the corresponding Knudsen number. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-pressure-difference-pbend-pstraight-pin-along-the-2886unpe.png FIG. 8. The pressure difference (pbend-pstraight)/pin along the centerline for Kn=0.05, 0.5 and 5.0. l represents the distance from the inlet along the centerline, pin is the inlet pressure, while pbend and pstraight are the pressures along the centerlines of the bent and straight channels, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/rasch-analysis-supported-the-construct-validity-of-self-bia3zkngc5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-clinical-variables-n-308-37slxf1b.png Table 1. Demographic and clinical variables (N=308). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-item-fit-and-location-for-the-low-back-pain-core-set-hq9i3itn.png Table 2. Item fit and location for the Low Back Pain Core Set Self-Report Checklist. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-for-the-low-back-pain-core-set-rl94o471.png Table 3. Summary statistics for the Low Back Pain Core Set Self-Report Checklist. https://scispace.com/papers/rashba-type-spin-orbit-splitting-of-quantum-well-states-in-13r0c7pxsv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-dft-calculations-for-10-ml-pb-on-si-111-j6856ejp.png FIG. 4 (color online). DFT calculations for 10 ML Pb on Si (111) with the Si (left) and Pb (right) lattice constant. The Si states are shown in gray, Pb states located in the topmost layers in black. The spin-split bands are indicated by colored (or shaded) lines and the size of this splitting is shown in the lower panels together with experimental results. The red (or gray) lines in the lower panels are fits to obtain the Rashba parameter. The oscillations in energy splitting are the result of hybridization between the QWS and substrate bands in the calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-measured-symbols-and-fitted-solid-line-2q1yw26m.png FIG. 3 (color online). (a) Measured (symbols) and fitted (solid line) polarization spectra for a 10 ML thick Pb film at ky ¼ 0. (b) Resulting polarization spectra for two Gaussians with opposite spin (inset) where the energy spacing is varied in steps of 1 meV. (c) Polarization spectrum and resulting spin resolved spectra for a 22 ML thick Pb film obtained at ky ¼ 0:08 A 1 and kx ¼ 0. (d) Measured (red diamonds) and calculated (blue crosses) spin splitting as function of coverage at ky ¼ 0:08 A 1 and kx ¼ 0, the blue circles show the intuitively expected 1=thickness dependence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-sarpes-data-for-an-8-ml-thick-pb-layer-on-2yny13gm.png FIG. 2 (color online). SARPES data for an 8 ML thick Pb layer on Sið111Þ ffiffiffi3p at ky ¼ 0:08 A 1 and kx ¼ 0. (a) Measured (open circles) and modeled (solid line) spin polarization in the x direction of the sample. (b) Measured spin polarization along the y (blue circles) and z (green diamonds) direction of the sample. (c) Spin resolved spectra obtained from the spin polarization in the x direction. (d) Schematic representation of a constant energy surface where the arrows of band A and B refer to the direction of the spin polarization axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-measured-spin-integrated-arpes-data-for-2y8vhksz.png FIG. 1 (color online). (a) Measured spin integrated ARPES data for a 10 ML thick Pb film on Sið111Þ ffiffiffi3p . (b) Measurement geometry and sample coordinates. https://scispace.com/papers/rate-delay-analysis-of-radio-access-network-slices-1j17op4imf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sum-rate-and-average-delay-versus-v-2xxp8mrh.png Figure 4. Sum rate and average delay versus V . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-virtual-bs-density-versus-data-arrival-rate-1nh5g7xc.png Figure 5. Virtual BS density versus data arrival rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sum-rate-and-average-delay-versus-g-lk5cavn7.png Figure 3. Sum rate and average delay versus γ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ran-slices-28xy88qz.png Figure 1. RAN slices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-actual-queueing-process-and-virtual-queue-1poczba5.png Figure 2. The actual queueing process and virtual queue representations in RAN slices. https://scispace.com/papers/rate-distortion-optimized-video-streaming-for-scalable-h-264-34mlpwa5pv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-gop-structure-with-three-snr-layers-22tlto5b.png Fig. 2. GOP structure with three SNR layers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rate-distortion-performance-forman-anv5x9ki.png Fig. 4. Rate-Distortion performance: forman https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-rate-distortion-performance-carphone-1zzih4ay.png Fig. 5. Rate-Distortion performance: carphone https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simple-heuristic-algorithm-1fem2m0y.png Fig. 3. Simple heuristic algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-rate-distortion-performance-mother-daughter-174hrmcn.png Fig. 6. Rate-Distortion performance: mother-daughter https://scispace.com/papers/rate-of-homogeneous-crystal-nucleation-in-molten-nacl-4scfbhnnju 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-surface-free-energy-densitysin-erg-cm-2d-assuming-36g80jyj.png TABLE II. Surface free-energy densitysin erg cm−2d assuming spherical and cubical shapes for critical nuclei. At 905 K we report the experimental value ssee Ref. 6d. The entry in the lower right-hand corner is based on the experimental estimate, but assuming a cubical nucleus. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-potential-parameters-for-nacl-2nrxx8i5.png TABLE I. Potential parameters for NaCl. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-summary-of-the-simulation-results-for-the-2urisfao.png TABLE III. Summary of the simulation results for the calculation of the free-energy barrier and the nucleation rate for Tosi–Fumi NaCl. https://scispace.com/papers/rate-effects-in-a-proportional-counter-with-resistive-22hqi18cc9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-the-variation-of-the-relative-gains-g-g-33ir6emh.png Fig. 7. Comparison of the variation of the relative gains (G % /G * ) for three different argon/methane mixtures as a function of the current produced in the external cathode section of detector B, by the ionizing radiation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ratio-between-the-gain-measured-for-the-p-10-mixture-nvbbj65h.png Fig. 8. Ratio between the gain measured for the P-10 mixture, with the external cathode detector and the value of the gain for the same E ! /P value, in the internal cathode detector, as a function of E ! /P, for various counting rates. (a) detector A; (b) detector B. Open symbols, / ! "50 lm; # centred symbols, / ! " 127 lm (the data corresponding to l"77 Hz are absent from this figure to avoid a high density of experimental points for the lower E ! /P values). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ratios-g-g-for-the-p-10-mixture-as-a-function-of-the-l5tfv42t.png Fig. 6. Ratios G % /G * for the P-10 mixture as a function of the current produced in the external cathode section of detector B (equipped with a 50 lm / stainless steel wire) by the ionizing radiation, for two counting rates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ratio-g-l-g-h-between-the-gains-measured-in-the-p-10-35eg5qi6.png Fig. 3. Ratio (G *L /G *H ) between the gains measured in the P-10 mixture for detector A * (internal cathode) at the lowest and the highest counting rates, 70 and 510 Hz, respectively, as a function of the applied voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ratios-between-the-gains-measured-at-the-same-applied-2tln7ads.png Fig. 4. Ratios between the gains measured, at the same applied voltage, with the P-10 mixture for the external and the internal cathode region of the detector (G % /G * ) as a function of the applied voltage, for several counting rates: (a) detector A; (b) detector B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-the-variation-of-the-relative-gains-g-g-26c126jj.png Fig. 5. Comparison of the variation of the relative gains (G % /G * ) shown in Fig. 4a and 4b, as a function of the current produced in the external cathode detector by the ionizing radiation. https://scispace.com/papers/rate-distortion-optimized-video-streaming-over-internet-3rw0zudux3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-r-d-performance-for-streamingforeman-over-a-network-221fv1fq.png Fig. 1. R-D performance for streamingForeman over a network trace with no packet losses. https://scispace.com/papers/rateless-coding-for-quasi-static-fading-channels-using-3dl9bski3h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-finite-length-performance-of-raptor-codes-with-mrtq0nr1.png Fig. 3. Finite length performance of Raptor codes with imperfect channel estimation at the receiver (N = 1 training symbol and PT = P ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-asymptotic-performance-in-terms-of-pwait-versus-delay-94xy01dp.png Fig. 2. Asymptotic performance, in terms of pwait versus delay, of a Raptor codes optimized for a Rayleigh quasi-static fading channel (SNR=12dB) with perfect CSIR. Theoretical limits are also reported. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-theoretical-limits-of-rateless-schemes-over-rayleigh-1if3gr7f.png Fig. 1. Theoretical limits of rateless schemes over Rayleigh-fading quasistatic channels for three values of SNR (10dB, 15dB, 20dB) https://scispace.com/papers/rates-of-opioid-misuse-abuse-and-addiction-in-chronic-pain-a-4d6838z4hx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-search-terms-2fhowhnh.png Table 1: Search terms https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-information-regarding-comparisons-of-1tn8bdeg.png Table 4 Descriptive information regarding Comparisons of Study Design, Diagnostic Method, and Clinical Setting https://scispace.com/papers/rational-behaviour-and-strategy-construction-in-infinite-2nuyft9p7v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-2-player-buchi-game-1joactu8.png Figure 2. A 2-player Büchi game. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-game-with-three-players-3me0qw9x.png Figure 1. A game with three players. https://scispace.com/papers/ratio-of-land-consumption-rate-to-population-growth-rate-a-5azyrou14b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-and-source-pxm3a8bv.png Table 1 Data and Source https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-surface-area-and-sealed-areas-1553n9zm.png Table 4 Surface Area, and Sealed Areas https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-land-consumption-rate-d3xmy1fj.png Table 5 Land Consumption Rate https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-satellite-image-of-gombe-metropolis-2iktxtv6.png Fig. 1 Satellite image of Gombe Metropolis https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-difference-between-land-consumption-rate-and-3x0f8220.png Table 6 Difference between land consumption rate and population growth rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-ratio-of-land-consumption-rate-to-the-population-3elfkqib.png Table 7 Ratio of land consumption rate to the population growth rate https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-flow-chart-showing-technical-process-for-computation-1dwg0myc.png Fig. 2 Flow-chart showing technical process for computation of ratio of land consumption rate to the population growth rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-population-of-the-study-area-3kgk4yz7.png Table 2 Estimated population of the study area https://scispace.com/papers/rational-choice-or-deliberation-customary-international-law-2daka9b0w2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-games-proposed-by-swaine-2002-1yjk1bne.png Table 2: Games proposed by Swaine 2002 https://scispace.com/papers/rational-design-of-a-fluorescent-microneedle-tattoo-for-21yms8d0gi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-synthesis-and-characterization-of-cy7-5-peg-a-vjvktd57.png Figure 1. Synthesis and characterization of Cy7.5-PEG: A) Synthesis of Cy7.5-PEG; B) Excitation and emission spectra of Cy7.5 and Cy7.5-PEG. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-in-vivo-mn-applications-in-rats-a-representative-12ei4m5a.png Figure 4. In vivo MN applications in rats: A) Representative relative fluorescence decrease resulting from Cy7.5-PEG drainage in draining and non-draining rats; B) Comparison between AUCs of Cy7.5- https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overall-properties-and-in-vivo-drainage-data-of-xd5646at.png Table 1. Overall properties and in vivo drainage data of different classes of MNs in rats. (*) denotes significance of difference between draining and non-draining rats detectable with each class of MNs; (*) p ≤ 0.05; (***) p ≤ 0.0005; (****) p < 0.0001. (+) denotes significance of difference in performance between each class of MNs; (+) p ≤ 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overall-properties-and-in-vivo-drainage-data-of-lxg6xy58.png Table 1. Overall properties and in vivo drainage data of different classes of MNs in rats. (*) denotes significance of difference between draining and non-draining rats detectable with each class of MNs; (*) p ≤ 0.05; (***) p ≤ 0.0005; (****) p < 0.0001. (+) denotes significance of difference in performance between each class of MNs; (+) p ≤ 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-optimization-of-mns-for-in-vivo-tests-a-1grhapd5.png Figure 6. Optimization of MNs for in vivo tests: A) Fluorescence microscopy images of (top to bottom) MNs2, and MNs3; B) AUC plot of relative fluorescence decrease in draining rats of Cy7.5-PEG delivered using MNs3. Mean ± SD (n = 9); C) AUC plot of fluorescence in non-draining rats of Cy7.5-PEG delivered using MNs3. Mean ± SD (n = 6); D) Comparison between AUCs of Cy7.5-PEG drainage curves in draining and non-draining rats using MNs2. Mean ± SD (n = 6); E) Comparison between AUCs of Cy7.5-PEG drainage curves in draining and non-draining rats using MNs3. Mean ± SD (n = 6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-in-vivo-experiments-in-mice-ivis-vs-portable-device-276nav1r.png Figure 3. In vivo experiments in mice (IVIS vs portable device): A) Representative IVIS fluorescence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structure-and-properties-of-cy7-5-peg-containing-zfppo7u5.png Figure 2. Structure and properties of Cy7.5-PEG-containing polymeric MNs: A) Brightfield image of PVP/PVA (1:1) MNs with Cy7.5-PEG in the tips. Scale bar = 500 µm; B) Fluorescent image of Cy7.5-PEG localized within MN tips. Scale bar = 500 µm; C) SEM image of PVP/PVA MNs. Scale bar = 10 µm; D) Brightfield image of PDMS mold used to make MNs. Scale bar = 5 mm; E) Mechanical properties of PVP/PVA (1:1) MNs with increasing concentrations of PEG-NH2 (20 kDa), Mean ± SD (n = 4); F) Effect of application time on delivery of Cy7.5-PEG to mouse skin ex vivo, Mean ± SD (n = 3); G) Fluorescence intensity of MNs containing ICG or Cy7.5-PEG, Mean ± SD (n = 8), p < 0.0001; H) Fluorescence intensity of ICG or Cy7.5-PEG MN tattoos, Mean ± SD (n =4), p ≤ 0.0005. https://scispace.com/papers/rational-discovery-of-dual-action-multi-target-kinase-2a4mtzsxc8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-distribution-of-kinase-off-targets-of-2tkvcy5r.png Figure 2. The distribution of kinase off-targets of levosimendan in the human kinome. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overrepresented-go-biological-process-terms-2c5j0gtu.png Table 1. Overrepresented GO biological process terms responsible for the anti-cancer sensitivity of levosimendan https://scispace.com/papers/ratio-of-jet-cross-sections-at-s-630-gev-and-1800-gev-4e6tzm456s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-inclusive-jet-cross-section-at-p-s-630-gev-2uvqet7o.png FIG. 1. The inclusive jet cross section at p s 630 GeV, integrated over azimuth and averaged over jhj , 0.5. The shaded band corresponds to the systematic uncertainties in the measured cross section and the solid line shows a prediction from NLO QCD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-x2-comparisons-for-the-cross-section-at-p-s-630-gev-swroxckv.png TABLE II. x2 comparisons for the cross section at p s 630 GeV (20 degrees of freedom), the ratio of cross sections (20 degrees of freedom), and a comparison for the ratio involving only the absolute magnitude (1 degree of freedom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ratio-of-dimensionless-jet-cross-sections-numerator-p-czlh7l1d.png FIG. 3. Ratio of dimensionless jet cross sections (numerator p s 630 GeV, denominator p s 1800 GeV) compared to NLO QCD as given by JETRAD. Error bars indicate statistical uncertainties and shaded bands correspond to systematic uncertainties. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-inclusive-jet-cross-section-at-p-s-630-gev-irfspsmg.png FIG. 2. The inclusive jet cross section at p s 630 GeV compared to several NLO QCD predictions. Error bars indicate statistical uncertainties and shaded bands correspond to systematic uncertainties. The horizontal lines at zero indicate the baseline prediction that is named in each pane; additional lines indicate theoretical variations relative to the baseline. https://scispace.com/papers/rational-screening-of-single-atom-doped-zno-catalysts-for-41wmf7d4h3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-decomposition-of-the-coadsorption-energy-of-two-h-hn3hglw4.png Fig. 5 (a) Decomposition of the coadsorption energy of two H atoms on the M1-ZnO surfaces; side and top views of the computed charge density difference for coadsorption of H&H on (b) Mn1-ZnO and (c) Pt1-ZnO. Charge accumulation and depletion are colored yellow and cyan, respectively, with the isosurface value being 0.05 e/Å3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-top-and-side-views-of-a-zno-1010-and-b-m1-zno-1010-2n2nkarr.png Fig. 1 Top and side views of (a) ZnO( 1010 ) and (b) M1-ZnO( 1010 ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-calculated-effective-bader-charges-on-single-atoms-3d40oong.png Fig. 3 (a) Calculated effective Bader charges on single atoms and calculated DOSs projected onto the d orbital of the single atom and the p orbital of oxygen on (b) Mn1ZnO and (c) Pt1-ZnO. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-tofs-for-propane-dehydrogenation-to-propylene-as-a-1wn28ugg.png Fig. 9 TOFs for propane dehydrogenation to propylene as a function of the formation energies of adsorbed H at the O site and adsorbed 2-propyl at the M site on the (a) first and (b) second groups of the doped oxide surfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-top-and-side-views-of-the-zinc-and-oxygen-ion-pairs-8j9hch0x.png Fig. 4 (a) Top and side views of the zinc and oxygen ion pairs on the ZnO( 1010 ) surface; side and top views of the computed charge density difference for coadsorption of H&H at the (b) Zn1-O3 and (c) Zn1-O1 sites. Charge accumulation and depletion are colored yellow and cyan, respectively, with the isosurface value being 0.02 e/Å3 https://scispace.com/papers/rationality-fairness-and-the-cost-of-distrust-2dqdy8gk5c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-payoffs-to-senders-and-receivers-after-the-4iacc50k.png Figure 1. Payoffs to senders and receivers after the experiment and the efficiency frontier https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-amount-returned-by-receiver-group-amount-returned-3egaqxnz.png Table 2. Amount returned by receiver group Amount returned (SEK) Observations (Percent) Mean amount given by senders (SEK) Mean payoff to senders (SEK) https://scispace.com/papers/rationale-and-design-of-a-long-term-follow-up-study-of-women-1ig5x8q4bk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-consort-diagram-indicating-participation-in-39oqux4b.png Fig. 1. CONSORT diagram indicating participation in https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-efficacy-against-one-time-prevalent-cervical-hpv-12fycqct.png Table 3 Efficacy against one-time prevalent cervical HPV infection four years after vaccination, using the original control-arm and the new unvaccinated control group (UCG), in intention to treatment cohort. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-characteristics-of-the-original-control-hyszcz3a.png Table 2 Descriptive characteristics of the original control-arm and the new unvaccinated control group (UCG). https://scispace.com/papers/ray-tracing-solar-radiation-pressure-modeling-for-qzs-1-2oe9czrxld 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-satellite-laser-ranging-residuals-of-qzs-1-a-5-1gmivr69.png Figure 4: Satellite laser ranging residuals of QZS-1: (a) 5-parameter ECOM, (b) 9-parameter ECOM-2, (c) box-wing model, (d) ray-tracing model. The gray-shaded areas indicate the orbit-normal mode. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optical-properties-of-the-different-materials-of-the-1v5v15qe.png Table 1: Optical properties of the different materials of the QZS-1 spacecraft body as assumed in Montenbruck et al. (2017a). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reduced-box-wing-model-of-qzs-1-for-earth-radiation-2iqp3l2i.png Table 2: Reduced box-wing model of QZS-1 for Earth radiation pressure modeling. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bias-and-standard-deviation-std-of-qzs-1-slr-26tcrj6e.png Table 4: Bias and standard deviation (STD) of QZS-1 SLR residuals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cad-representation-of-the-qzs-1-body-as-used-for-3bse9lgs.png Figure 1: CAD representation of the QZS-1 body as used for the ray-tracing simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-azimuth-a-and-elevation-e-of-the-2ldia3b0.png Figure 2: Illustration of azimuth α and elevation ε of the Sun ( ) in the manufacturer-defined spacecraft body frame. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimated-ecom-parameters-no-a-priori-model-top-a-252550nb.png Figure 3: Estimated ECOM parameters: no a priori model (top), a priori box-wing model (middle), a priori ray-tracing model (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-median-rms-values-of-3-day-orbit-predictions-w-r-t-30y6mz5v.png Table 3: Median RMS values of 3-day orbit predictions w.r.t. orbit arcs based on observations and median day boundary discontinuities. https://scispace.com/papers/rayleigh-taylor-instability-under-an-inclined-plane-2n9mpja6gn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-experimental-results-each-experiment-is-represented-1n05zx9i.png FIG. 6. (a) Experimental results. Each experiment is represented by the triplet (hi/ℓc,α, N̄ ) and is color coded according to the scaled number of droplets formed N̄ . (b) Experimental data compared to the theoretical expression α∗. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-thin-film-of-initial-thickness-hi-flows-on-the-2jrk2q7a.png FIG. 1. (a) A thin film of initial thickness hi flows on the underside of a transparent inclined plane. The angle α denotes the inclination of the substrate with respect to the gravity g . (b) A typical experimental observation for hi = 0.52 ℓc and α = 81◦. (c) No drops are formed for hi = 0.55 ℓc and α = 60.5◦. (d) For large enough values of α, droplets form according to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The black arrows indicate the overall direction of the flow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-growth-rates-for-inclinations-varying-from-p-2-to-0-368t7pbn.png FIG. 3. (a) Growth rates for inclinations varying from π/2 to 0 with a π/20 increment. The most unstable mode is marked by a black circle. All plain lines denote unstable cases and the dotted-dashed line (corresponding to α = 0) is found marginally stable. For α = π/2, the maximum growth rate corresponds to kmax= ℓ−1c / √ 2. (b) Characteristic times of the instability growth (τmax, plain line) and of its advection (τ f ). The dashed line corresponds to hi/ℓc = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-thin-film-of-initial-thickness-hi-flows-under-an-3ngjnlng.png FIG. 2. A thin film of initial thickness hi flows under an inclined plane in the direction ex. The angleα denotes the inclination of the substrate with respect to the direction of gravity g. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spatio-temporal-evolution-of-two-wavepackets-generated-2g5juzqv.png FIG. 4. Spatio-temporal evolution of two wavepackets generated by a Dirac perturbation in x = 0 at t = 0+ for hi/ℓc ≃ 0.67 and (a) α = π/4 and (b) α = π/2.2. Both cases are unstable, but (a) is convectively unstable, the perturbation decreases with time in x = 0, and conversely, (b) is absolutely unstable as the perturbation grows exponentially in the laboratory frame. Dashed lines correspond to the fronts of the perturbed wedges. (c) shows the time evolution of the relative amplitude of the perturbation at the origin in both cases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-state-diagram-of-the-flow-under-an-inclined-plane-in-zv1zw8ni.png FIG. 5. State diagram of the flow under an inclined plane in the parameter space (hi/ℓc,α). Plotted in black are the values of the critical angle α∗ delimiting the absolute and convective domains. The two stars indicate the physical parameters used in Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/papers/rayleigh-flat-fading-channels-capacity-2407vxvbeg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-model-of-a-fading-channel-2hwrd68g.png Figure 1. System Model of a Fading Channel https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-channel-capacity-with-outage-24hz9q5y.png Figure 3. Channel Capacity with Outage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rayleigh-fading-channels-capacity-2nsfmgdw.png Figure 2. Rayleigh Fading Channels’ Capacity https://scispace.com/papers/rbpsponge-genome-wide-identification-of-lncrnas-that-sponge-4g84hxwh85 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-screenshot-from-rbpsponge-website-putative-sponge-7defmixt.png Fig. 1. Screenshot from RBPSponge website. Putative sponge lncRNAs for PUM2 are listed in a table where columns display information on motif occurrences and CLIP peaks. https://scispace.com/papers/rbfnn-based-minimum-entropy-filtering-for-a-class-of-15muhy5d4f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-system-state-x2-27i99lju.png Fig. 4. System state x2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-structure-of-the-presented-nonlinear-filter-2m5s2f79.png Fig. 1. The structure of the presented nonlinear filter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-estimation-error-of-system-state-x2-28y8yb81.png Fig. 5. Estimation error of system state x2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-system-state-x1-7wpfx3bs.png Fig. 3. System state x1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-value-of-the-performance-criterion-j-1alxyses.png Fig. 6. Value of the performance criterion J . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-structure-of-a-twin-tank-level-system-22f1ihw7.png Fig. 2. The structure of a twin-tank level system. https://scispace.com/papers/rbr-ubiquitin-ligases-diversification-and-streamlining-in-225eymc6tr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-structures-of-helicasecontaining-rbr-proteins-the-1sp9qgj9.png Fig. 2 Structures of helicasecontaining RBR proteins. The arrow in the Aplysia sequence indicates that it has not been possible to establish its Nterminal end https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phylogenetic-tree-of-rbr-sequences-names-refer-to-both-31fzbknf.png Fig. 1 Phylogenetic tree of RBR sequences. Names refer to both genes (orthology groups) and subfamilies, except for the Ariadne subfamily, which can be divided into four orthology groups (Ariadne1, Ariadne2, ANKIB1, PARC), as indicated. Numbers in brackets refer to the number of sequences in each branch. Bootstrap values, in percentages, are shown above the lines, ordered as follows: NJ/MP/ML. MP values tend to be lower than the rest because the MP analyses were not very exhaustive given the large amount of sequences, what makes difficult to detect the optimal trees (see ‘‘Methods’’ section). Dashes indicate that a particular branch was not supported by the ML analysis. A full account of this tree, including all species names and accession numbers, can be found in Supplementary Files 1 and 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-diversification-and-simplification-of-the-rbr-family-24kbnvux.png Fig. 3 Diversification and simplification of the RBR family. The simplest hypothesis that explains all available data is summarized. I have assumed a basal phylogenetic position for placozoans, as described by Srivastava et al. (2008), and, for protostomes, the ecdysozoa/ lophotrochozoa split. Arrows indicate appearances and rectangles indicate losses. The star indicates multiple appearances and losses associated to the genome duplications in vertebrates. Question marks have been added to indicate that results for branches for which there is no complete genomic data (in which the names are indicated in brackets) are still provisional https://scispace.com/papers/re-description-of-orchestia-stephenseni-cecchini-1928-4yje6pmn5w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-frequency-of-morphotypes-along-body-length-the-3ithv0w5.png FIGURE 4. Frequency of Morphotypes along body-length (the length has been rounded to the nearest integer). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-orchestia-stephenseni-cecchini-1928-example-of-1hzj5mno.png FIGURE 3. Orchestia stephenseni Cecchini, 1928. Example of Bifid setae on peraeopods (see text). SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) photograph. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-orchestia-stephenseni-cecchini-1928-male-details-of-29aii949.png FIGURE 8. Orchestia stephenseni Cecchini, 1928. Male. Details of shapes of palm and dactylus of gnathopod 2, dactylus of peraeopod 3 and peraeopod 4, merus, carpus and propodus of gnathopod 1 and palp of maxilliped. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-site-banquette-of-posidonia-oceanica-l-2r4ub1zz.png FIGURE 1. Sample site: banquette of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, at the Stagnone of Marsala (western Sicily, southern Italy, central Mediterranean Sea). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-linear-regression-between-body-length-and-number-of-1kfe9f19.png FIGURE 5. Linear regression between body length and number of antenna 2 flagellar articles for each Morphotype. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-nj-tree-constructed-on-the-k2p-model-performed-with-339l1ov6.png FIGURE 6. NJ tree constructed on the K2P model performed with 630-bp COI sequences, including sequences of the five O. stephenseni shapes, the Sicilian O. montagui and O. mediterranea samples, and sequences reference (*) from GenBank (shown with the A.N.). The values allocated to the nodes were those calculated on 1,000 bootstrap replicates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-iconography-of-orchestia-stephenseni-cecchini-1928-q8om1l30.png FIGURE 7. Iconography of Orchestia stephenseni Cecchini, 1928. Male. Morphotype V. Gnathopods 2 of specimens ascribed to Morphotype I–IV are shown. Peraeopod 7 of specimens ascribed to Morphotype I is shown. See text for terminology. Scale bar = 1 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-coi-reference-sequences-of-orchestia-2v6sm9xi.png TABLE 1. Details of COI reference sequences of Orchestia species used in the NJ tree. https://scispace.com/papers/rcra-groundwater-monitoring-plan-for-single-shell-tank-waste-f3mvogox9w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-reports-required-for-compliance-with-40-cfr-265-enhv8efj.png Table 4.4. Reports Required for Compliance with 40 CFR 265, Subpart F, for Groundwater Monitoring https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-location-of-the-200-east-area-within-the-doe-1jeuw62l.png Figure 1.1. Location of the 200 East Area Within the DOE Hanford Site in Washington State https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-map-showing-the-locations-of-wells-and-cross-8s2uepx7.png Figure 2.4. Map Showing the Locations of Wells and Cross Sections https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-tank-leak-volume-estimates-after-hanlon-1999-o845b400.png Table 2.2. Tank Leak Volume Estimates (After Hanlon 1999) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-5-data-used-to-construct-cross-sections-and-bbtpa1nb.png Table 2.5. Data Used to Construct Cross Sections and Structure Contour Maps https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-5-structure-contour-map-of-the-top-of-the-ringold-1j5y14pr.png Figure 2.5. Structure Contour Map of the Top of the Ringold Formation (shaded outline denotes A-AX Tank Farm boundaries) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-10-trend-plots-for-nitrate-and-tritium-for-well-299-1bk65p69.png Figure 2.10. Trend Plots for Nitrate and Tritium for Well 299-E24-20 Located South of the 244-AR Vault and West of the 241-A Tank Farm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-11-trend-plots-for-filtered-chromium-nickel-1uuhsfn1.png Figure 2.11. Trend Plots for Filtered Chromium, Nickel, Manganese, and Iron for Well 299-E24-19. These data are from filtered samples. https://scispace.com/papers/re-emergence-and-diversification-of-a-specialised-antennal-337lsw0ehl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-ithomiine-phylogeny-illustrating-variation-in-pa-18hziokb.png Figure 1. (A) Ithomiine phylogeny illustrating variation in PA usage and summarizing results on MGC morphology. The phylogeny is based upon Chazot et al. (2019) and displays ithomiini subtribes and representative genera (Brower et al. 2014) with associated PA foraging data, PA usage, and putative MGC data. Subtribes where MGC was not evaluated are shown in grey. HP denotes presence or absence of hair pencils, and the sex where these are present is indicated by F/M for female and male. PA foraging is divided between attraction to withered Boraginaceae plants (Bor.), and the flowers and vegetation of Eupatorieae plants (Eup) based on Brown (1984). Attraction to these categories is subdivided into 1 – weak attraction by both sexes, 2 – strong male and moderate female attraction, and 3 – strongmale and no female attraction. PA use is categorized into three primary categories; use of PAs for defense (Def) based on cuticular PAs reported by Trigo et al. (1996), PAs as pheromones (Phero), andwhether these PA pheromones have been reported to contain lactones in at least one species of this genus (Lact) based on Schulz et al. 2004 and Stamm et al. 2019. ‘?’ indicates missing data. MGC information is given for number of MGs and total MGC glomeruli (MG) and whether there is evidence of sexual dimorphism in any MGC glomeruli (SD). On the phylogeny, the blue circle indicates the presumed origin of the MGC, and the red circle indicates a loss in Methona. (B) Volume rendering of synapsin (3C11) immunofluorescence depicting brain anatomy, highlighting the position and morphology of MGC highlighted in color, in Oleria gunilla (B’) and (B’’) Napeogenes larina. (C-H) Surface model of full glomeruli segmentations, an example of anti-synapsin immunofluorescence in an antennal lobe confocal section, and the distribution of glomerular volumes in illustrative genera. In glomerular distribution plots, the discrimination threshold above which a glomerulus is considered an MG is indicated in black, and glomeruli within the putative MGCs are highlighted in red. The genera shown areMethona, Forbestra, Ithomia, Hypothyris, Pseudoscada, and Godyris, (C-H) respectively. For full results see Figs. S2-14. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-statistical-tests-antennal-lobe-al-sexual-u0qm42d4.png Table 2. Results of Statistical tests antennal lobe (AL) sexual dimorphism, evaluating the influence of sex with the AL-hub volume as a second factor. Significant results highlighted in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-varying-levels-of-sexual-dimorphism-observed-in-mgc-2cyv96qt.png Figure 2. Varying levels of sexual dimorphism observed in MGC glomeruli (numbered dorsally to ventrally as ‘Glom’) volumes across selected ithomiine genera showing (A-E) Forbestra (♀5, ♂12), Ithomia (♀11, ♂9), Callithomia (♀5, ♂6), Pseudoscada (♀11, ♂7), Godyris (♀8, ♂8), respectively. Females are shown in blue, males are shown in red. Significance denoted by: ∗<0.05, ∗∗<0.01, ∗∗∗<0.001. For full results see Figs. S2-14 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistical-tests-formgc-glomeruli-sexual-dimorphism-2d7vpheb.png Table 1. Statistical tests forMGC glomeruli sexual dimorphism, evaluating the influence of sexwith the total non-MGC glomeruli volume as a second factor. Significant results are highlighted in bold. https://scispace.com/papers/re-alignment-of-the-eyes-with-prisms-and-with-eye-surgery-nwsbn72aqw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-means-and-standard-deviations-of-surface-a-and-1pmnvbkz.png Fig. 2 Means and standard deviations of surface (A) and variance of speed (B) of CoP at different fixation distances (near at 40 cm, far at 200 cm) during the different conditions: before surgery without prism, before surgery after prism adaptation, and after eye surgery (post 1 and post 2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-sway-path-of-the-center-of-pressure-for-each-foot-3i4lz85a.png Fig. 1 The sway path of the center of pressure for each foot and in the middle the mean of the feet during postural recording from child C5 before surgery without (A) and with prisms (B), and in the post 1 (C) and post 2 (D) surgery condition recorded at near distance https://scispace.com/papers/re-establishing-american-chestnut-on-mined-lands-in-the-pm8doer0t4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-native-range-of-american-chestnut-little-1977-1lnhzbz7.png Figure 2. The native range of American chestnut (Little 1977) overlaid on the Appalachian coalfield. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-american-chestnut-foundations-breeding-strategy-2tbpeps8.png Figure 1. The American Chestnut Foundation’s breeding strategy to develop a population of chestnuts that will display the growth and form characteristics of American chestnut while retaining the blight resistance of Chinese chestnuts.(Courtesy of The American Chestnut Foundation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-5-year-old-backcross-chestnut-on-a-reclaimed-mine-hrp8c934.png Figure 4. A 5 year-old backcross chestnut on a reclaimed mine in West Virginia. Many of the trees on this site were producing male and female flowers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-restoration-chestnut-1-0-planted-as-seed-emerging-3wemfd1m.png Figure 3. A Restoration Chestnut 1.0 planted as seed emerging from a 24” tree shelter after 3 months on an active mine in Ohio. https://scispace.com/papers/re-examination-of-the-non-linear-relationship-between-3ktf94dnjg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-non-monotonic-relationship-between-earnings-1xw899sc.png Figure 1. Non-monotonic Relationship Between Earnings Management and Director (managerial) share ownership. Source: Developed by author. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-no-of-firm-year-observations-by-turning-points-of-z1gnc954.png Table 6. No. of Firm-year Observations by Turning Points of Director Ownership https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-regression-mean-centering-adjustment-results-of-2uqvr6gr.png Table 7. Regression (mean-centering adjustment) Results of Discretionary Accruals on Ownership Variables Dependent variable= |DAC| https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-matrix-2b4qmdbw.png Table 3. Correlation Matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-regression-piece-wise-results-of-discretionary-3597g0ha.png Table 8. Regression (piece-wise) Results of Discretionary Accruals on Ownership Variables Dependent variable= |DAC| https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-29kje2ks.png Table 2. Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/papers/re-engineering-traditional-urban-water-management-practices-4h4foeinmp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-an-unknown-event-2m2s81jk.png Figure 1. Example of an unknown event https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-proposed-water-energy-gas-analysis-model-2m1t45w7.png Figure 10. Proposed Water-Energy-Gas analysis model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-single-event-classification-procedures-srlbb0ss.png Figure 5. Single event classification procedures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-disaggregation-of-forecasted-total-water-1vqaen8c.png Figure 8. Disaggregation of forecasted total water consumption for 100 homes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-water-end-use-disaggregation-process-5r4uxt1z.png Figure 4. Water end-use disaggregation process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-collected-hourly-water-consumption-data-for-trjlev9q.png Figure 7. Collected hourly water consumption data for suburban area (N=100 homes) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ann-model-for-water-end-use-classification-2rf1qiln.png Figure 3. ANN model for water end use classification https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-verification-2yzldx7j.png Table 1. Model verification https://scispace.com/papers/re-examining-inflation-and-inflation-uncertainty-in-2kamivn4gj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-granger-causality-tests-1wew8fud.png Table 3. Granger Causality Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-xtlbzfji.png Table 1. Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/papers/re-examining-british-welfare-to-work-contracting-using-a-25es1xe8al 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-summary-of-three-types-of-contract-related-costs-h9pnvst9.png Figure 2: A summary of three types of contract related costs (for the agent post-2008) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-creation-and-evolution-of-the-british-welfare-262yuymz.png Figure 1: The creation and evolution of the British welfare-to-work quasimarket 1997-2015 https://scispace.com/papers/re-expression-of-syngap-protein-in-adulthood-improves-2al2kx735z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-seizure-threshold-but-not-sensory-motor-gating-is-pgdyfkoc.png Figure 2: Seizure threshold, but not sensory-motor gating, is improved after adult restoration of SynGAP expression. (A) SyngapCre-;+/ls and SyngapCre+;+/ls mice exhibit hyperexcitability in two of the three events without Cre activation (No TMX) Main effects-1st clonus: Cre F(1,24)=2.13, p=.157, Genotype F=117.73, p=9.75E-11, Interaction F(1,24)=1.69, p=.206); TC: Cre F(1,24)=722, p=.404, Genotype F(1,24)=40.05, p=1.53E-6), Interaction F(1,24)=.257, p=.617); THE: Cre F(1,24)=9.99E-6, p=.998, Genotype F(1,24)=.320, p=.577), Interaction F(1,24)=.420, p=.523 ). Pairwise comparisons-1st clonus: Syngap1Cre-;+/+ vs Syngap1Cre-;+/ls (p=8.72E-9)), Syngap1Cre+;+/+ vs Syngap1Cre+;+/ls (p=5.51E-7), Syngap1Cre-;+/+ vs Syngap1Cre+;+/+(p=.063), Syngap1Cre-;+/ls vs Syngap1Cre+;+/ls (p=.911). T/C: Syngap1Cre-;+/+ vs Syngap1Cre-;+/lsp=6.34E-5), Syngap1Cre+;+/+ vs Syngap1Cre+;+/ls (p=3.93E-4), Syngap1Cre-;+/+ vs Syngap1Cre+;+/+ (p=.347), Syngap1Cre-;+/ls vs Syngap1Cre+;+/ls(p=.811). THE: Syngap1Cre-;+/+ vs Syngap1Cre-;+/ls(p=.399), Syngap1Cre+;+/+ vs Syngap1Cre+;+/ls (p=.954), Syngap1Cre-;+/+ vs Syngap1Cre+;+/+ (p=.652), Syngap1Cre-;+/ls vs Syngap1Cre+;+/ls(p=.649). (B) SyngapCre+;+/ls mice exhibit thresholds comparable to those of SyngapCre-;+/ls mice after Cre activation (TMX) in two of the three events Main effects-1st clonus: Cre F(1,71)=2.59, p= .112 ; Genotype F(1,71)=58.328, p= 7.86E-11 , Interaction F=1(1,71)=18.84 p=4.62E-5 ; TC: Cre F(1,71)=4.53, p=.037, Genotype F(1,71)=26.15, p=2.57E-6 , Interaction F(1,71)=6.50, p=.013; THE: Cre F(1,71)=.037, p=.847 , Genotype F(1,71)=1.15E-5, p=.997 , Interaction F(1,71)=.049, p=.826 . Pairwise comparisons-1st clonus: Syngap1Cre-;+/+ vs Syngap1Cre-;+/ls(p=6.96E-12 ), Syngap1Cre+;+/+ vs Syngap1Cre+;+/ls (p=.018 ), Syngap1Cre-;+/+ vs Syngap1Cre+;+/+(p=.076 ), Syngap1Cre-;+/ls vs Syngap1Cre+;+/ls(p=2.13E-5 ). T/C: Syngap1Cre-;+/+ vs Syngap1Cre-;+/ls(p=1.52E-6 ), Syngap1Cre+;+/+ vs Syngap1Cre+;+/ls(p=.065 ), Syngap1Cre-;+/+ vs Syngap1Cre+;+/+ (p=.782 ), Syngap1Cre-;+/ls vs Syngap1Cre+;+/ls (p=001 ). THE: Syngap1Cre-;+/+ vs Syngap1Cre-(p=.878 ), Syngap1Cre+;+/+ vs Syngap1Cre+;+/ls (p=.874 ), Syngap1Cre;+/+ vs Syngap1Cre+;+/+ (p=.785 ), Syngap1Cre-;+/ls vs Syngap1Cre+;+/ls(p=. 983). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-increased-amplitude-of-theta-oscillations-after-zbqucsql.png Figure 4: Increased amplitude of theta oscillations after SynGAP re-expression in adult Syngap1 mutant mice. (A-B) CA1 LFP traces from a WT (A) and a Syngap1 mutant (B) mouse during Phase I and Phase II sessions. C) Grand average of within-subjects changes in signal amplitude across the full spectrum of hippocampal rhythms. The amplitude change was normalized by the average amplitude during Phase I sessions. The shaded areas represent 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals. Significant increases in amplitude in Phase II were detected in the 6-12 Hz theta range (Permutation test: p = 0.0128, 5000 shuffles). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rectification-of-state-dependent-paroxysmal-spiking-vhfctx9w.png Figure 3: Rectification of state-dependent paroxysmal spiking events in Syngap1 mutants after adult-initiated gene therapy. (A) Representative EEG/LFP traces from a WT [Cre(+); +/+] and Syngap1 heterozygous mutant mouse [Cre(+); +/ls]. After initial recordings (pre-TMX), all animals were injected with tamoxifen. Post-TMX recordings were acquired 30 days after the last TMX injection. TMX rescued low levels of SynGAP protein in +/ls animals (see supplemental Figure 1). Highlighted areas correspond to periods of sleep (see methods). Phase I and Phase II recordings are from the same animals. (B) Frequency of spiking events observed in the hippocampal LFP channel during the wake phase (i.e. non-highlighted areas in panel A) from both pre- and post-tamoxifen recording sessions in each animal. Two-way repeated measure ANOVA. Main genotype effects: F(1,11)=10.1, p=.00879, Main TMX effects: F(1,11)=12.088, p=0.00518. Interaction between genotype and TMX: F(1,11)=9.777, p=.00963. Cre(+);+/+ n= 6, Cre(+);ls n= 7. (C) Comparison of the spiking frequency from the hLFP channel in Cre(+);ls mice during wake and sleep before Tamoxifen injections, paired-t test t(5)=-5.6007, p=0.002507 (n=5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-long-term-memory-can-be-improved-in-adult-mice-with-24stcml6.png Figure 1: Long-term memory can be improved in adult mice with Syngap1 pathogenicity. (A) Syngap1+/+ and Syngap1+/- mice were trained in the remote contextual fear conditioning paradigm and tested one month later for activity suppression levels. Activity of the Syngap1+/group was suppressed significantly less than that of the Syngap1+/+ group indicating compromised remote memory for the mutant group. Unpaired t test (t(19)=-2.567, p=.019). (B) Syngap1+/+ and Syngap1+/ls mice were trained in the contextual fear conditioning paradigm and tested one month later for activity suppression levels. Activity of the Syngap1+/ls group was suppressed significantly less than that of the Syngap1+/+ group indicating compromised remote memory for the mutant group. Wilcoxon rank sum test W=19, p=2.82E-5 (C) Syngap1+/+ and Syngap1+/- mice were tested, firstly, 1d after training, followed by another testing one month later. Activity suppression levels https://scispace.com/papers/re-examining-voter-turnout-in-large-elections-3ew2xe9oud 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-equilibrium-and-comparitive-statics-n-n-2dr0fyrp.png Figure 1: Equilibrium and Comparitive Statics: n′ > n https://scispace.com/papers/re-invention-and-survival-newspapers-in-the-era-of-digital-3bhkzoghup 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-changes-in-staffing-at-telegraph-1ttbwwu1.png Table 1: Changes in staffing at Telegraph https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-online-publication-cycle-versus-consumption-peaks-1hel25u5.png Figure 1 Online publication cycle versus consumption peaks at FT.com] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-changes-in-revenue-at-ft-group-2q1wceqa.png Table 2: Changes in revenue at FT Group https://scispace.com/papers/re-kindling-learning-ereaders-in-lagos-3c2g9caahw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-self-reported-ereader-use-32c3mabj.png Table 4. Self-reported eReader use https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-design-155pd8bm.png Figure 1: Experimental Design https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-impact-of-treatments-on-aspirations1-d64mdoa9.png Table 8. Impact of treatments on aspirations1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-impact-of-treatments-on-non-verbal-ravens-matrix-3bmwatx1.png Table 7. Impact of treatments on non-verbal (Raven’s Matrix) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-information-treatment-balance-for-student-and-lvinhbeu.png Table 2: Information treatment balance for student and household characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-lee-bounds-analysis-of-2014-status-on-treatment-and-k6eyjwu4.png Table 12. Lee bounds analysis of 2014 status on treatment and information treatment https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-impacts-of-information-treatment-3s6oyswe.png Table 11. Impacts of information treatment https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-impact-of-treatments-on-math-3htkcsdg.png Table 6. Impact of treatments on math https://scispace.com/papers/re-thinking-debt-burden-going-with-the-flow-s3tzp0xthh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-marketable-debt-by-type-of-issue-2hrkgn67.png Figure 1: Marketable Debt by Type of Issue https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-maturity-and-duration-including-and-excluding-bills-2wfn8qt6.png Figure 2: Maturity and Duration Including and Excluding Bills https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-projections-of-debt-to-gdp-ratio-and-daaf-to-gdp-2f9lcjyu.png Figure 5: Projections of Debt to GDP Ratio and DaaF to GDP Ratio https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-debt-to-gdp-ratio-and-daaf-to-gdp-ratio-k8zq9ntr.png Figure 4: Debt to GDP Ratio and DaaF to GDP Ratio https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-10-year-interest-rates-and-difference-between-2szb8owu.png Figure 3: 10-Year Interest Rates and Difference Between Maturity and Duration https://scispace.com/papers/re-ranking-approach-to-classification-in-large-scale-power-haq0cdgs3x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-micro-f1-and-macro-f1-for-the-proposed-2uhpeha5.png Table 2: Comparison of Micro-F1 and Macro-F1 for the proposed algorithm, HR-SVM and SVM baseline. The training time is shown as a multiple of time taken by the SVM-baseline. The significance-test results ((using micro sign test (s-test) as proposed in [7]) are denoted for a p-value less than 1%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lshtc-datasets-and-their-properties-1qojbc7d.png Table 1: LSHTC datasets and their properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-distribution-of-test-instances-among-vy97vtab.png Figure 2: Comparison of distribution of test instances among categories for the method proposed in Algorithm 1 and SVM baseline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-distribution-of-test-instances-among-38gssypf.png Figure 1: Comparison of distribution of test instances among categories in the true distribution and in the distribution induced by a flat SVM classifier; the X-axis represents the rank of categories (by number of documents) and Y-axis the number of documents in those categories. Categories with same number of documents effectively have same rank. https://scispace.com/papers/re-using-uncomfortable-heritage-the-case-of-the-1933-4lh8fpfsss 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-internal-view-of-the-restored-plastered-concrete-3cjo81y2.png Figure 6 Internal view of the restored/plastered concrete structure © SCIC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-external-view-of-the-building-before-conversion-c-3ozl574g.png Figure 4 External view of the building before conversion © Shanghai Creative Industry Centre (SCIC). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-restored-art-deco-facade-c-scic-2v1v3ei9.png Figure 5 The restored art-deco façade © SCIC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-axonometric-perspective-showing-the-spatial-3gmzrin4.png Figure 3 Axonometric perspective showing the spatial configuration of the Abattoir © Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-gala-dinner-in-basilica-hall-c-scic-25dv9elw.png Figure 9 Gala Dinner in Basilica Hall © SCIC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-external-view-of-smc-abattoir-in-the-1930s-c-2fwby6xl.png Figure 1 External view of SMC Abattoir in the 1930s © Shanghai Creative Industry Investment Co. Ltd (SCII). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cross-section-drawings-of-smc-abattoir-show-the-25a9wbc2.png Figure 2 Cross-Section drawings of SMC Abattoir show the central core holding a water tank is connected to the ring-shape structure of the slaughter halls with an array of bridges, from which https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-basilica-hall-restored-carcass-chilling-hall-2lw0egcb.png Figure 8 Basilica Hall, restored carcass chilling hall https://scispace.com/papers/re-thinking-fatherhood-in-context-4rss7dkshj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-fathers-across-different-hours-ut01g9a5.png Figure 1. Distribution of Fathers Across Different Hours’ Brackets (Weekly Work Hours) https://scispace.com/papers/reach-scale-contributions-of-road-surface-sediment-to-the-2r8j4yr5sq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-honna-river-study-reach-and-qc-main-forest-road-2j66yj2i.png Figure 2: Honna River study reach and QC Main forest road with road contributing area highlighted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-grain-size-distribution-gsd-of-suspended-material-11jzamqn.png Figure 5: Grain size distribution (GSD) of suspended material found in the main channel and in ditch drainage channels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-comparison-of-per-event-collective-reach-input-17t8t694.png Figure 14: A: comparison of per-event collective reach input vs output. B: Comparison of change in net sediment storage vs reach output. Note highlighted points 1 and 2 in figure. C: Ratio of inputs/outputs vs total sediment flux from the reach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-cumulative-yields-of-water-and-sediment-at-the-cmrr7ddb.png Figure 12: Cumulative yields of water and sediment at the upstream reach inlet, reach outlet, and collective ditch drainages. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cumulative-exceedance-of-suspended-sediment-3rme9fgv.png Figure 8: Cumulative exceedance of suspended sediment concentrations at the reach inlet, outlet, and at all three instrumented ditch drainage channels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-road-surface-material-as-a-proportion-of-total-3gwsu7bd.png Figure 15: Road surface material as a proportion of total inputs to the reach over the 16 month period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-comparison-of-h-value-over-time-in-the-main-4r9eljcn.png Figure 7: A: Comparison of H value over time in the main channel and in DD3 ditch drainage. B: Relation between discharge and H value in the main channel and DD3 ditch drainage. No fit line was plotted through DD3 points as no trend was observed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-honna-river-basin-and-study-reach-physical-1bdfx7i8.png Table 2: Honna River basin and study reach physical characteristics. https://scispace.com/papers/re-weighted-adversarial-adaptation-network-for-unsupervised-4zcl9sxm2y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-da-datasets-a-four-hand-written-digit-datasets-b-3pqzcb5v.png Figure 2. DA datasets: (a) four hand-written digit datasets; (b) cross-modality dataset including RGB and RGB-depth images. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-adaptation-results-in-cross-modality-dataset-raan-2598urpt.png Table 4. Adaptation results in cross-modality dataset; RAAN(+) and RAAN(-) indicate with and without re-weighting scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-t-sne-plot-of-features-when-adapting-from-svhn-to-3ctjoo4i.png Figure 4. T-SNE plot of features when adapting from SVHN to MNIST; (a) No adaptation (b) Adaptation after ADDA (c) Adaptation after RAAN. We randomly select 1000 features samples from 10 classes, with 100 samples per class. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-raans-architecture-first-in-the-source-domain-the-yl43upt5.png Figure 1. RAAN’s architecture: first, in the source domain, the DCNN Ts and the classifier CLS are trained to extract discriminative features from images xs labeled by ys by minimizing the cross entropy loss LCE . Second, to adapt the classifier by matching the label distribution between domains, the re-weighted source domain label distribution PRe(Y s) is computed by transforming a variable α using the soft-max function. Then it is straightforward to obtain the ratio vector as follows: β = P Re(Y s) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-recognition-rates-of-adapting-hand-written-digit-1qo9jxdv.png Table 1. Recognition rates of adapting hand-written digit datasets; RAAN(+) and RAAN(-) indicate with and without the re-weighting scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-a-distance-of-adversarial-training-method-13dfyh1f.png Table 3. A-Distance of Adversarial Training Method https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-recognition-rates-of-adapting-frommnist-to-mnist-m-1tkoattt.png Table 2. Recognition rates of adapting fromMNIST to MNIST-M; RAAN(+) and RAAN(-) indicate with and without re-weighting scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ratio-of-label-distribution-between-svhn-and-mnist-3bnbmfwt.png Figure 3. Ratio of label distribution between SVHN and MNIST; red line indicates the ground truth ratio, while blue one indicates the estimated ratio. https://scispace.com/papers/reachability-problems-for-hierarchical-piecewise-constant-317h10lslt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-lemma-7-step-2-map-s-t-c-to-t-s-0-2e9h23hv.png Fig. 1. Lemma 7 Step 2: map 〈(s, t), c〉 to 〈(t′, s′), 0〉. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-rectilinear-tessellation-of-the-plane-1haohof7.png Fig. 5. Rectilinear Tessellation of the plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-idea-of-theorem-8-map-every-two-adjacent-intervals-2xnqhrde.png Fig. 2. Idea of Theorem 8: map every two adjacent intervals into one interval https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rhpcd-starred-results-are-contributions-of-this-ixvka2iu.png Table 1. RHPCD (starred results are contributions of this paper) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ssp-simulated-by-a-nondeterministic-rhpcd-with-1g77yy4u.png Fig. 6. SSP simulated by a nondeterministic RHPCD with arbitrary constant flows. The bold line denotes the transition guard. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-2-pcds-of-the-hpcd-in-fig-3b-transition-guards-in-9mupyb9j.png Fig. 4. The 2-PCDs of the HPCD in Fig 3b (transition guards in bold). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-1-pam-with-its-equivalent-hpcd-1wxuxy16.png Fig. 3. The 1-PAM with its equivalent HPCD https://scispace.com/papers/reaching-small-scales-with-low-frequency-imaging-2rv41r06zv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-shaded-rectangles-show-the-portion-of-the-k-k-241pne8e.png Figure 2. The shaded rectangles show the portion of the k⊥- k‖ plane which the angular and spectral resolution of LOFAR can access using the international stations, for four representative redshifts. The theoretical foreground wedge is shown as the gray shaded region in the bottom right hand corner of the plot. The dotted lines show the theoretical foreground wedge assuming the full LOFAR field of view using just the Dutch stations. The coloured rectangles and lines are for z = 45 (light) to z = 30 (dark). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-translating-lofars-angular-and-spectral-resolution-3s2qaoiy.png Figure 1. Translating LOFAR’s angular and spectral resolution into k⊥ and k‖. Left: The shaded regions represent the values of k⊥ which can be reached by the Dutch (blue) and International (green) stations. The gap in between them arises from the fact that there is a large geographical distance between the outermost Dutch stations and the closest international stations. The gray shaded region on the left shows the horizon limit. Right: The gray lines show the limits on k‖ based on the total bandwidth (48 MHz) and the smallest frequency resolution possible in a standard observing mode (0.76 kHz). The frequency spacing will be channelised, and the colour scale runs from wider channels (blue), which means more infrequent coverage in k‖ space, to to narrower channels (orange), which means more frequent coverage in k‖ space. This is plotted as a continuous shaded region, but in practice will be discrete. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-log-of-the-temperature-brightness-to-which-1qcm2q8g.png Figure 3. The log of the temperature brightness to which LOFAR is sensitive, as a function of k⊥ and k‖ at z = 30 (left column) and z = 45 (right column) for an 800 hour observation (top row) and a 10 year observation (bottom row). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tb-sensitivity-values-for-10-year-observation-time-ejn3wpr5.png Table 1. Tb sensitivity values for 10 year observation time, for four different redshift slices. https://scispace.com/papers/reaction-dynamics-of-zeolite-catalyzed-alkene-methylation-by-37yixpaiph 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-enthalpy-623-k-a-and-gibbs-free-energy-623-k-b-hpjnn24f.png Figure 4. Enthalpy (623 K) (A) and Gibbs free energy (623 K) (B) diagram for ethene methylation to form propene calculated at the ωB97X-D/631G(d,p)//ωB97X-D/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level of theory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-enthalpy-623-k-a-and-gibbs-free-energy-b-623-k-3v13immh.png Figure 5. Enthalpy (623 K) (A) and Gibbs free energy (B) (623 K) diagram for propene methylation to form trans-2-butene calculated at the ωB97X-D/6-31G(d,p)//ωB97X-D/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level of theory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-reaction-pathway-network-of-m-pcp-decomposition-to-epqt7tq3.png Figure 11. Reaction pathway network of m-PCP+ decomposition to form C4 products. Not shown are trajectories ending in 1-butoxide (2/ 131) and 1-butanol (1/131) proceeding from m-PCP+. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-decomposition-rate-of-m-pcp-intermediate-semilog-3sqfarud.png Figure 12. Decomposition rate of m-PCP+ intermediate. Semilog plot of survival probabilities of propene methylation reactive trajectories. Points are original m-PCP+ lifetime distribution, while solid line is the least-squares fit (R2 = 0.998). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-c-c-bond-distances-obtained-from-the-dynamic-yi063qxh.png Figure 10. C−C bond distances obtained from the dynamic reaction coordinate trajectory (A) and a quasi-classical trajectory (B) launched at the propene methylation transition state. Atomic labels in key refer to those in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-of-h-mfi-containing-467-tetrahedral-t-atoms-3r6gd1hn.png Figure 1. Model of H-MFI containing 467 tetrahedral (T-) atoms used in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-c-c-bond-distances-obtained-from-the-dynamic-nt9ayd8q.png Figure 6. C−C bond distances obtained from the dynamic reaction coordinate trajectory (A) and a quasi-classical trajectory (B) launched at the ethene methylation transition state. Atomic labels in key refer to those in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-reaction-pathway-network-of-pcp-decomposition-to-1ki04o14.png Figure 7. Reaction pathway network of PCP+ decomposition to form C3 products. Numbers given in parentheses are the total fluxes through each reaction pathway calculated by QCT. Trajectories that form 1- propoxide are shown by the arrow leading from PCP+ to propene. Not shown are trajectories resulting in 2-propanol from 2-PCC+ (4/28). https://scispace.com/papers/reaction-mechanism-and-kinetic-analysis-of-the-solid-6vlcolxxtt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reaction-models-for-the-solid-state-reactions-and-h4rsdnlq.png Figure 3. Reaction models for the solid-state reactions and the differential and integral forms of the rate equations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-x-ray-diffraction-xrd-patterns-of-the-reaction-ir2v5ydt.png Figure 5. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the reaction products formed from Li2CO3 and Co3O4 calcined at 325 °C for (b) 3, (c) 6, and (d) 10 d. Simulated XRD patterns of (a) Li2CO3 and (e) LT-LCO are included for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-lt-lco-fractions-in-the-reaction-products-as-a-887quo87.png Figure 9. LT-LCO fractions in the reaction products as a function of the calcination temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-lt-lco-fractions-in-the-reaction-products-calcined-1gj6wml1.png Figure 10. LT-LCO fractions in the reaction products calcined at 450 °C as a function of the calcination time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-plots-of-the-logarithm-of-the-heating-rate-logb-2ldkd00w.png Figure 2. (a) Plots of the logarithm of the heating rate (logβ) versus the reciprocal of the absolute temperature (1/T) for the reaction between Li2CO3 and Co3O4 in air at the different extents of the reaction α = 0.8, 0.6, 0.4, and 0.2. (b) Activation energy (Ea) for the different α values calculated from the plots of logβ versus 1/T. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-x-ray-diffraction-xrd-patterns-of-the-products-from-1xjcu1xz.png Figure 7. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the products from the calcination of Li2CO3 and Co3O4 at: (a) 500 °C for 0.5 h, (b) 450 °C for 2 h, (c) 350 °C for 72 h, and (d) 325 °C for 240 h. The diffraction line at 24° in 2θ is also displayed. Black dots indicate the observed intensities, while the solid lines are the curves fitted with the Gaussian function: 111 diffraction line for LT-LCO (red) and 003 diffraction line for HT-LCO (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-diagram-of-the-solid-state-reaction-of-low-j4xcie54.png Figure 11. Diagram of the solid-state reaction of low-temperature (LT)-lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) and LT- to high-temperature (HT)-LCO phase transition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-a-1-a-versus-time-t-plots-for-the-reaction-3lnch3if.png Figure 4. (a) α/(1-α) versus time (t) plots for the reaction between Li2CO3 and Co3O4 at the constant temperatures 450 (red), 430 (blue), and 410 (black) °C. (b) Arrhenius plot of the logarithm of the reaction rate constant (lnk) versus the reciprocal of the absolute temperature (1/T). https://scispace.com/papers/reaction-kinetic-behaviour-with-relation-to-crystallite-55mdjev9ah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-xrd-patterns-after-desorption-of-2mgh2-si-a-mixed-2udvtv4o.png Figure 9: XRD patterns after desorption of 2MgH2 + Si (A) mixed in a vial by hand for 5 min (B) ultrasonicated in THF for 1 h (C) ball-milled BTP 10:1 2 h (D) cryomilled for 2 h (E) ball-milled BTP 30:1 24 h (F) ball-milled MgH2 for 18 h with synthesised Si nanoparticles, 13 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rietveld-analysis-of-the-2mgh2-si-mixtures-2cqi5pid.png Table 1: Rietveld analysis of the 2MgH2 + Si mixtures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-xrd-patterns-of-2mgh2-si-a-mixed-in-a-vial-by-hand-1chzegws.png Figure 1: XRD patterns of 2MgH2 + Si (A) mixed in a vial by hand for 5 min (purple) (B) ultrasonicated in THF (green) (C) ball-milled BTP 10:1 2 h (blue)(D) cryomilled for 2 h (red) (E) ball-milled BTP 90:1 24 h (cyan) (F) ball-milled MgH2 for 18 h with synthesised Si nanoparticles, 13 nm (orange). The coloured plots of the calculated Rietveld refinement overlay the raw XRD data. The grey plots below represent the difference between the Rietveld and raw data from (A) at the top to (F) at the bottom. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reaction-kinetic-model-equations-where-a-is-the-8k2h7rfo.png Table 2: Reaction kinetic model equations where α is the transformed fraction, k is the reaction rate constant, and t, time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-results-from-kinetic-equations-applied-to-the-2k7chszv.png Figure 8: Results from kinetic equations applied to the desorption data at 300°C of 2MgH2 + Si ball-milled for 24 h. (A) Equations from Table 2 (B) Equations from Table 3 with CV 3-D diffusion model for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-desorption-reaction-parameters-and-total-glg5kolf.png Table 5: Summary of desorption reaction parameters and total wt.% desorbed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relationship-between-si-and-mgh2-crystallite-sizes-325a6zvm.png Figure 4: Relationship between Si and MgH2 crystallite sizes and (A) nucleation activation energies, En and (B) growth activation energies Ea. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-expanded-set-of-reaction-kinetic-model-equations-47-2orabigf.png Table 3: Expanded set of reaction kinetic model equations [47]. https://scispace.com/papers/reaction-of-1-substituted-3-2-hydroxyethylamino-quinoline-2-1fl2vo0wqp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-products-of-the-reactions-of-compounds-2a-f-with-1crrs861.png Table 1. Products of the reactions of compounds 2a–f with HNCS https://scispace.com/papers/reaction-of-acylsilanes-with-potassium-cyanide-brook-g6ui1a0iz0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1rv6j2so.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/reactions-comportementales-de-l-orignal-a-la-presence-d-un-yjl34mnsjf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-les-orignaux-frequentent-les-mares-salines-en-1gp2n7vj.png Figure 2. Les orignaux fréquentent les mares salines en bordure des routes, surtout au printemps et à l’été. Les sites avec un bon couvert de végétation sont particulièrement fréquentés. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-le-drainage-et-lempierrement-des-mares-salines-sont-30ncaa5l.png Figure 4. Le drainage et l’empierrement des mares salines sont des mesures d’atténuation des accidents routiers avec l’orignal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-la-cloture-metallique-de-24-m-constitue-une-mesure-1v23rgkb.png Figure 1. La clôture métallique de 2,4 m constitue une mesure d’atténuation efficace pour contrer les accidents routiers. Idéalement, l’aménagement doit être réalisé dans les secteurs les plus propices au passage des orignaux. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-les-orignaux-ont-ete-captures-a-laide-dune-ee2oyabg.png Figure 3. Les orignaux ont été capturés à l’aide d’une fléchette contenant un produit immobilisant tirée à partir d’un hélicoptère. Nous avons muni chaque orignal d’un collier GPS. https://scispace.com/papers/reactions-at-the-gd-si-111-7-7-interface-promotion-of-si-1ytrj0czpg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-valence-band-photoemission-spectra-of-si-111-7x-7-4-a-m3g0msmu.png FIG. 3. Valence-band photoemission spectra of Si(111)7X 7+4 A Gd exposed to small doses of 0,. Photon energy h v=42. 5 eV, p-polarized, photon angle of incidence a =60', normal emission 0=0'. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-si-2p-spectra-of-si-111-7x7-4a-gd-a-and-of-si-111-7-x-3glrm9kd.png FIG. 2. Si 2p spectra of Si(111)7X7+4A Gd (a) and of Si(111)7 X 7+ 12 A Gd (b) exposed to various amounts of 0,. The top curves in both panels show spectra obtained after heating the oxidized interfaces to the indicated temperatures. Ar- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-si-2p-core-level-spectra-of-si-111-7x7-and-of-the-si-qx1ognyc.png FIG. 1. Si 2p core-level spectra of Si(111)7X7 and of the Si(111)7X7+12A Gd interface exposed to 1000 L 02 at room temperature. For comparison, a spectrum of the so-called "native" SiOz layer on Si is included, top curve. The arrows indicate Si 2p positions of Si atoms coordinated to one, two, three, and four oxygen atoms as derived in Ref. 10. Photon energy hv=140 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-si-2p-spectra-of-si-111-7x7-4a-gd-and-of-37ma72ar.png FIG. 4. Comparison of Si 2p spectra of Si(111)7X7+4A Gd and of an epitaxial Gd disilicide [(1X1) LEED pattern] exposed to 02. Arrows as in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-oxygen-uptake-of-various-surfaces-and-interfaces-as-a-1qj0tkt7.png FIG. 5. Oxygen uptake of various surfaces and interfaces as a function of Oz exposure. The normalized 0 KVV Auger amplitudes are plotted vs 0, exposure for the clean Si(111)7X7surface, the (&3X &3) phase of Gd disilicide, the 3- and 10-A GdSi(111) interfaces and for a polycrystalline Gd film surface. The 0 XVV saturation signal of oxidized Gd has been arbitrarily set to unity. Electron primary energy F~ = 3 keV. https://scispace.com/papers/reactive-and-kinetic-properties-of-carbon-monoxide-and-8xpmzgyvzw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-desorption-products-and-energies-f-desorption-of-co-3cmh8y8g.png Table I: Desorption products and energies ~f desorption of CO and CO2 adsorbed on graphite. https://scispace.com/papers/reactive-fronts-in-chemically-heterogeneous-porous-media-2jm9pmlvo2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-laboratory-setups-for-the-investigation-1yopq2zo.png Fig. 1. Experimental laboratory setups for the investigation of pyrite oxidation: (a) batch experiments, (b) 1-D column experiments, (c) 2-D flow-through experiments. Different colors of the inclusions represent their different composition, dark gray: pure pyrite inclusion, light gray: pyrite mixed with sand. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-observed-symbols-and-simulated-lines-concentrations-of-2oidam1n.png Fig. 1. Experimental laboratory setups for the investigation of pyrite oxidation: (a) batch experiments, (b) 1-D column experiments, (c) 2-D flow-through experiments. Different colors of the inclusions represent their different composition, dark gray: pure pyrite inclusion, light gray: pyrite mixed with sand. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-measured-symbols-and-simulated-lines-vertical-profiles-1bbk1yve.png Fig. 9. Measured (symbols) and simulated (lines) vertical profiles of Fe (a), S (b), pH (c) at the outlet of the 2-D flow-through chamber after t = 98 hours. https://scispace.com/papers/reactive-atomistic-simulations-of-diels-alder-reactions-the-2feskzu0ly 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-solid-lines-projection-of-the-total-kinetic-energy-e-3n4o23eu.png FIG. 3: Solid lines: projection of the total kinetic energy (E) onto the degrees of freedom (rotations, translations and vibrations) of dibromobutadiene (DBB) and maleic anhydride (MA) for the reaction of DBB + MA along the minimum dynamic path calculated with (a) the MS-ARMD model and (b) the PhysNet model. Dashed lines in panel (b): projection of the total kinetic energy onto the degrees of freedom of butadiene (BD) and MA for the reaction of BD + MA along the minimum dynamic path calculated with the PhysNet model. The trajectories start at the endo transition state and end at the reactants. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-distances-of-the-two-c-c-bonds-formed-along-two-20jlg7js.png FIG. 5: (a) Distances of the two C-C bonds formed along two reactive trajectories with different times δt elapsed between the formation of the first and the second bond. Some snapshots of structures along the trajectory are shown. The dashed, black lines at 1.6 Å indicate the geometrical threshold for a C-C bond formation. (b) Variation of the number of reactive events at collision energies 75 and 100 kcal/mol with vibrational temperature 100 K and impact parameter 0 Å as a function of the rotational temperature of the reactant molecules. 105 trajectories were run per collision energy and rotational temperature (see Table SVIII of the supplementary information). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-variation-of-the-cross-section-s-for-the-formation-of-1wpp2km9.png FIG. 4: Variation of the cross section (σ) for the formation of the van der Waals complex in the entrance channel of the Diels-Alder reaction between dibromobutadiene and maleic anhydride as a function of the collision energy (Ecoll) with different vibrational and rotational temperatures (Tvib, Trot). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-potential-energy-surface-for-the-two-possible-diels-1l6j0yjq.png FIG. 1: Potential energy surface for the two possible Diels-Alder reaction paths (exo and endo in blue and orange, respectively) between dibromobutadiene (DBB) and maleic anhydride (MA) at the M06-2X/6-31G* level of theory. The relative energies in kcal/mol with respect to the endo product (P-endo) as well as the structures of minima and transition states are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-energy-correlation-of-5512-m06-2x-6-31g-reference-la5sp7qy.png FIG. 2: Energy correlation of 5512 M06-2X/6-31G* reference structures and (a) the MSARMD model with a total RMSD of 1.47 kcal/mol and R2 = 0.9961 or (b) the PhysNet model with a total RMSD of 0.25 kcal/mol and R2 = 0.9999. https://scispace.com/papers/reactive-molecular-dynamics-simulations-of-the-silanization-2p85kmgyym 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-radial-distribution-functions-rdf-between-the-2e9cdcee.png Figure 8: Radial distribution functions (RDF) between the following groups: A) silanol (Si-O-H) hydrogens attached to the substrate, B) chemi- and physisorbed silicon, and C) carbon atoms not sharing the same headgroup chain (i.e. only inter-chain C-C pairs). The radial distribution is computed at distances in intervals of 0.25 Å and at simulation times when silane density on the substrate has reached 1.0/nm2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulation-workflow-used-in-this-study-after-a-1wi2c0w5.png Figure 3: Simulation workflow used in this study. After a predetermined simulation time (25 ps, 50 ps, or 150 ps), all molecules in the source layer are removed and replaced with a mixture of hexane and silane at a molar ratio of 30:1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-surface-concentration-of-a-sorbed-silane-molecules-sndi7byj.png Figure 5: Surface concentration of (A) sorbed silane molecules, and (B) alkoxy groups (Si-O-C) bonded to the silica substrate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-tilt-angle-of-the-alkane-chains-angle-formed-wkukepmb.png Figure 7: (A) Tilt angle of the alkane chains (angle formed between substrate, silicon of the silane, and carbon atoms of the silanes), and (B) radius of gyration of hydrocarbon headgroup attached to BTMS, OTMS, and DTMS as function of grafting density on the silica surface. In the top figure, the maximal standard deviation of the BTMS, OTMS, and DTMS silane headgroup tilt angles is represented using dashed lines. For the bottom figure, the standard deviation is represented using error bars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-alkoxysilane-condensation-to-a-3s6q5phk.png Figure 1: Illustration of alkoxysilane condensation to a metal-oxide substrate (e.g. silica in this study). Top image illustrates alcohol condensation reaction in which alkoxysilane (Si-O-R) condenses to the surface, producing alcohol. The bottom panel shows the water condensation reaction through silanol. In both reactions R’ represents the silane headgroup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-atomic-representation-of-butyltrimethoxysilane-btms-3bhtvwfe.png Figure 2: Atomic representation of butyltrimethoxysilane (BTMS). The two other alkoxysilane molecules modeled in this study, octyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS) and dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS), differ only in the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-number-of-si-o-si-grafts-between-the-dths-or-1cqcu8fy.png Figure 10: (A) Number of Si-O-Si grafts between the DTHS or DTMS silanes and the substrate vs. simulation time, (B) number of silanes grafted to the substrate, and (C) average tilt angle of DTHS headgroups bonded with the substrate vs. grafting density. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-surface-concentration-of-chemisorbed-butyl-octyl-vqlyzyh1.png Figure 6: Surface concentration of chemisorbed butyl-, octyl-, and dodecyl-trimethoxysilane molecules. https://scispace.com/papers/reactive-power-compensation-2tscj18wo4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-increase-in-power-factor-1buvo6wu.png Figure 6: Increase in Power Factor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-duck-curve-xeck1ckp.png Figure 8: The duck Curve https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-24-hour-day-load-o2uuw13o.png Figure 3: 24 Hour Day Load https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-24-hour-test-load-l7xkmf2d.png Figure 2: 24 Hour Test Load https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reactive-power-savings-example-17k6l6jl.png Table 2: Reactive Power Savings Example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-change-in-reactive-power-1cm28gsz.png Figure 4: Change in Reactive Power https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-change-in-apparent-power-fxzf3fsb.png Figure 5: Change in Apparent Power https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-phase-angle-correction-6o4ti2oy.png Figure 7: Phase Angle Correction https://scispace.com/papers/reactive-oxygen-species-modulate-activity-dependent-ampa-2qairmkk3s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-physiologic-increase-in-ros-leads-to-decreased-kfhtynnl.png Figure 2. Physiologic increase in ROS leads to decreased activity-dependent fluctuations in somatic calcium. A, Brightfield and fluorescent confocal images of the ventral side of a C. elegansexpressing GCaMP6f in the AVA interneuron. Scale bar, 50mm. B, GCaMP6f DF/Fmin over time. Gray dashed line indicates baseline threshold (30% of minimum fluorescence value). Fluorescence values above that threshold are summed (area under the curve for all peaks) and normalized to the average baseline value (Fmin) to calculate total activity during the 60 s recording. For all GCaMP experiments, all groups express GCaMP6f in AVA and are referred to as “control” if no additional H2O2 treatment or mutation was added. C, Representative traces of somatic GCaMP6f fluorescence in AVA interneurons for 60 s normalized to baseline fluorescence (DF/Fmin) from control (n= 56) and 100 nM H2O2-treated (n= 58) animals. Dashed line indicates Fmin. D, Total activity of GCaMP normalized to untreated controls. **p= 0.006. E, Average fluorescence baseline of controls and H2O2-treated animals normalized to control group (n 50), n.s. = not significant. F, Representative traces of somatic GCaMP6f fluorescence in AVA interneurons for 60 s, normalized to baseline fluorescence in control (n= 50) and catalase mutants (ctl-2(lf), n= 51). Dashed line indicates Fmin. G, Total activity normalized to controls. **p= 0.001. H, Average fluorescence baseline of controls and catalase mutants normalized to controls (n 50), n.s. = not significant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ros-decrease-glr-1-transport-numbers-and-alter-tkskfy34.png Figure 6. ROS decrease GLR-1 transport numbers and alter transport dynamics by acting on or downstream of L-VGCCs. All experimental groups express SEP::mCherry::GLR-1 in the glr-1 (ky176) background. A, G, I, 25 s from representative kymographs from each experimental group. Scale bar, 5mm. B, Quantification of transport events from controls, egl-19(rf), or egl-19(gf) without (–, white bars) or with (1, blue bars) the ctl-2(lf) mutation (n 15). n.s. = not significant, *p= 0.012, **p= 0.007, ***p= 0.0005, compared with controls lacking the ctl-2(lf) mutation. ††††p, 0.0001, compared with egl-19(gf) alone. C, Instantaneous velocity of anterograde transport events in each group (n 44 events). n.s. = not significant, *p, 0.05, **p= 0.0035, ***p= 0.0005, ****p, 0.0001, compared with controls lacking the ctl-2(lf) mutation. ††††p, 0.0001, compared with egl-19(gf) alone. D, E, Frequency distribution of instantaneous velocity (binned every 0.2mm/s) of anterograde transport events for egl-19(gf) single and double mutants (D) as well as egl-19(rf) single and double mutants (E) compared with controls lacking ctl-2(lf). F, Percent of time each GLR-1 vesicle spent stopped for each group (n 44 events). n.s. = not significant, *p= 0.044, **p 0.009, ****p, 0.0001, compared with controls lacking ctl-2(lf). ††††p, 0.0001, compared with egl-19(gf) alone. H, Quantification of transport events from controls and egl-19(gf) without (–, white bars) or with (1, blue bars) 50 nM H2O2 treatment (n 18). n.s. = not significant, *p 0.038, compared with untreated controls. ††p= 0.007, compared with untreated egl-19(gf). J, Quantification of transport events in controls and ctl-2(lf) with (1, blue bars) and without (–, white bars) 10 mM nemadipine treatment (n. 10). n.s. = not significant, *p, 0.05, compared with untreated controls. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-genetic-alleles-used-corresponding-gene-effect-of-2wqxr5js.png Table 1. Genetic alleles used, corresponding gene, effect of the mutation, and reported functional changes along with original references characterizing the allele https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-increased-ros-acts-on-glr-1-transport-upstream-of-1b4to8qr.png Figure 5. Increased ROS acts on GLR-1 transport upstream of CaMKII activation. A, Previously proposed model of an activity-dependent calcium signaling pathway regulating AMPAR transport (Hoerndli et al., 2015). All experimental groups express SEP::mCherry::GLR-1 in the glr-1(ky176) background. B, 25 s of representative kymographs from each experimental group. Scale bar, 5mm. C, Quantification of transport events from full-length kymographs (50 s) in control, unc-43(lf), and unc-43(gf) without (–, white bars) and with (1, blue bars) the ctl-2(lf) mutation (n 13). n.s. = not significant, **p= 0.0012, ****p, 0.0001, compared with controls lacking the ctl-2(lf) mutation. D, Instantaneous velocity of anterograde transport for the same animals from B and C (n. 60 events). n.s. = not significant, ****p, 0.0001, compared with controls lacking the ctl-2(lf) mutation. E, Percent of time GLR-1 vesicles spent stopped in these same genotypes (n. 60 events). **p= 0.009, ****p, 0.0001, compared with controls lacking the ctl-2(lf) mutation. F, 25 s of representative kymographs from each experimental group. Scale bar, 5mm. G, Quantification of transport events in control or unc-43(gf) with (1, blue bars) or without (–, white bars) 50 nM H2O2 treatment (n 14). n.s. = not significant, *p= 0.025, ***p= 0.0002, ****p, 0.0001, compared with untreated control. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-proposed-ros-signaling-effect-on-glr-1-transport-3az5q40l.png Figure 8. Proposed ROS signaling effect on GLR-1 transport. Model showing that increases in ROS inhibit the activity-dependent changes in cytoplasmic calcium, which occur mostly because of calcium influx through L-VGCC (yellow channel, VGCC), but also AMPARs (green channel) and NMDARs (orange channel). Intracellular release of calcium, such as from the ER via ryanodine receptors (blue channel, RyR), can also contribute to cytoplasmic elevations in calcium. As a consequence, decreased cytoplasmic calcium limits calmodulin (CaM) binding and activation of CaMKII, reducing the number of AMPAR transport and delivery to synapses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-physiologic-increase-in-ros-levels-cause-decreased-2p37p52e.png Figure 3. Physiologic increase in ROS levels cause decreased GLR-1 transport and alters transport dynamics. For all transport experiments, each group is expressing SEP::mCherry::GLR-1 in the glr-1(ky176) background, and groups not subject to H2O2 treatment or additional mutations are referred to as “controls.” A, Representative kymographs from controls, 10, 50, and 100 nM H2O2-treated worms. Scale bar, 5mm. B, Quantification of total transport events from 50 s recordings from control (n= 22), 10 (n= 20), 50 (n= 21), and 100 nM H2O2-treated (n= 22) worms. n.s. = not significant, ****p, 0.0001. C, Representative kymographs from controls and ctl-2(lf) mutants. D, Quantification of total transport events in controls (n= 21) and ctl-2(lf) (n= 28). **p= 0.0012. E, G, Instantaneous velocity analysis of anterograde transport events in (E) control and 50 nM H2O2-treated worms (n. 90 events; ****p, 0.0001 compared with controls) or (G) controls and ctl-2(lf) mutants (n. 50 events; ****p, 0.0001 compared with controls). F, H, Frequency distribution of the anterograde instantaneous velocities (binned every 0.2mm/s) in (F) controls and 50 nM H2O2-treated worms or (H) controls and ctl-2(lf) mutants. I, J, Percent of time GLR-1 vesicles spent stopped in each group. ****p, 0.0001, compared with controls. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ros-decrease-glr-1-synaptic-delivery-and-exocytosis-2rdl03v1.png Figure 7. ROS decrease GLR-1 synaptic delivery and exocytosis by acting on or downstream of L-VGCCs. All experimental groups express mCherry::SEP:: GLR-1 in the AVA in the glr-1(ky176) background. Groups without additional mutations are referred to as “control.” A, Representative maximum projections of the mCherry fluorescence in the AVA interneurons before, immediately after, and 16min after photobleaching of the imaging region from each experimental group. Scale bar, 5mm. B, Recovery of mCherry fluorescence following photobleaching in control, egl-19 (rf), and egl-19(gf) with (dashed curves) and without (solid curves) ctl-2(lf) (n 8). **p= 0.003, ****p, 0.0001, compared with controls. †††p= 0.0001, compared with egl-19(gf) single mutant. C, Representative maximum projections of the SEP fluorescence in the same groups. Scale bar, 5mm. D, SEP fluorescence recovery in the same experimental groups. ****p, 0.0001, compared with controls. ††††p, 0.0001, compared with egl-19(gf). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-physiologic-increase-in-ros-cause-decreased-glr-1-3heu9w05.png Figure 4. Physiologic increase in ROS cause decreased GLR-1 delivery and exocytosis to synapses. A, Illustration of imaging location of FRAP in the AVA interneurons expressing GLR-1 tagged with SEP, a pH-sensitive GFP, and mCherry. All experimental groups express this dual-tagged GLR-1 in the AVA in the glr-1(ky176) background. Groups that were not subject to H2O2 treatment or additional mutations are referred to as “control.” B, Representative maximum projections of the mCherry fluorescence in the AVA interneurons before, immediately after (0 min), 8 and 16min after photobleaching of the imaging region. Scale bar, 5mm. C, Percent recovery of mCherry fluorescence after photobleaching over time in control, untreated ctl-2(lf), and 50 nM H2O2treated worms (n= 10 for each group). ***p= 0.001, ****p, 0.0001, compared with controls. D, Representative maximum projections of the SEP fluorescence in the AVA interneurons before, immediately after, 8 and 16min after photobleaching of the imaging region. Scale bar, 5mm. E, Percent recovery of SEP fluorescence compared with before photobleaching from the same worms as in Figure 4C. ****p, 0.0001, compared with controls. https://scispace.com/papers/reactivity-of-a-bulky-bora-amidine-ligand-with-outgiijacy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-crystal-structure-of-dipp-n-h-b-h-n-dipp-alme2-thf-13awy4v1.png Figure 1. Crystal structure of DIPP–N(H)B(H)(N–DIPP)AlMe2·THF (1). iPr groups and hydrogen atoms (except N–H and B–H) are omitted for clarity. See Table 1 for selected bond lengths and angles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-crystal-structure-of-dipp-n-alme2-thf-2-3-ipr-akpoz43x.png Figure 3. Crystal structure of DIPP-N(AlMe2·THF)2 (3). iPr groups and hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity. See Table 1 for selected bond lengths and angles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-crystal-structure-of-dippnh-alme2-m-h-alme2-2-2-b-3pwm7te8.png Figure 2. (a) Crystal structure of [(DIPPNH)AlMe2(μ-H)AlMe2]2 (2). (b) Partial structure of the core showing the proton-hydride interactions. Hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity (except for bridging hydrides and N–H protons). See Table 1 for selected bond lengths and angles. https://scispace.com/papers/reactivity-tests-for-supplementary-cementitious-materials-5bg22z3v10 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plots-of-the-results-of-standard-testing-methods-ke5u5m7u.png Figure 2 Plots of the results of standard testing methods compared against relative strength; the SCMs corresponding to the points are labelled on top of the plot. (a) Chapelle test, (b) modified Chapelle test, (c) Frattini test, (d) Reactive silica, no error bar because there is only 1 input, (e) IS 1727 and (f) IS 1727 (vs. 90 days relative strength). Average values are shown by symbols, the error bars represent 1σ. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-r3-model-mix-design-2boz320p.png Table 3 R3 model mix design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relative-strengths-of-the-scm-blended-cement-mortar-2i084bog.png Figure 1 Relative strengths of the SCM blended cement mortar bars, (a), (b) and (c) are relative strengths compared to the PC reference, (d) shows relative strength compared to the quartz (Q) as inert reference https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-correlation-to-28-days-relative-strength-vs-3k38w5gh.png Figure 5 Correlation to 28 days relative strength vs. coefficient of variation (CV) plot, dotted blue line corresponds to R2 value equal to 0.85, dashed grey arrows indicate the improvement of the correlation for Frattini and Modified Chapelle tests by exclusion of the slag. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-box-chart-for-coefficient-of-variation-cv-for-35od4kk4.png Figure 4 Box chart for coefficient of variation (CV) for different methods, numbers in parentheses along the x-axis refer to the number of participants. R3 CH consumption refers to portlandite consumption for R3 model test; R3 calo. 3d and R3 CS 3d refer to calorimetry heat release and chemical shrinkage for the R3 model, respecitively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-r2-index-of-linear-correlation-of-the-reactivity-39hppl9l.png Table 4 R2 index of linear correlation of the reactivity test results to the relative strength at 7, 28 and 90 days for all SCMs tested. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plots-of-the-r3-model-test-methods-to-28-days-igye127k.png Figure 3 Plots of the R3 model test methods to 28 days relative strength, the SCMs corresponding to the points are labelled on top of each plot. (a) Bound water test, (b) Portlandite consumption, (c) Cumulative heat release for 0.5, 3 and 7 days and (d) Chemical shrinkage at 0.5, 3 and 7 days. Average values are shown by symbols, the error bars represent 1σ. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-test-planning-5pc9115b.png Table 2 Summary of the test planning. https://scispace.com/papers/reactivity-of-unsaturated-5-4h-oxazolones-with-hg-ii-acetate-1pfyc0nhbp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-alcoholysis-of-z-2-aryl-4-arylidene-5-4h-oxazolones-2dztek7b.png Table I. Alcoholysis of (Z)-2-aryl-4-arylidene-5(4H)-oxazolones 1a-d. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ortep-plot-of-2c-with-thermal-ellipsoids-drawn-at-2y5yw6v4.png Figure 1. ORTEP plot of 2c with thermal ellipsoids drawn at the 50% probability level https://scispace.com/papers/reactivity-of-novel-ethyl-cyanoacrylate-and-6-hydroxyhexyl-4l1xeigtpk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-1h-nmr-spectra-400-mhz-acetone-d6-2-6-3-0-ppm-of-3e2nv2j1.png Figure 10. 1H-NMR spectra (400 MHz, acetone-d6, 2.6-3.0 ppm) of the ECN and ECN+10%HHA polymers obtained from the just-prepared mixture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-tlc-analysis-etoac-hexane-1-1-v-v-for-a-pecn-10-3ag7pqub.png Figure 12. TLC analysis (EtOAc/hexane: 1/1, v/v) for: A (pECN+10% HHA)0, B (pECN+10% HHA)192, and C HHA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-immediate-and-one-hour-after-joint-formation-56tvbrjy.png Table 1. Immediate and one hour after joint formation adhesive strength of flexible PVC/adhesive/flexible PVC joints. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-atr-ir-spectra-of-the-just-prepared-ecn-and-ecn-hha-3dhxjvam.png Figure 6. ATR-IR spectra of the just-prepared ECN and ECN+HHA mixtures. https://scispace.com/papers/reactor-network-synthesis-via-flux-profile-analysis-290cg4dcrd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-model-parameters-of-non-isothermal-standard-van-de-2equh9jf.png Table 3: Model parameters of non-isothermal, standard van-de-Vusse reaction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tasks-of-process-development-red-box-indicates-the-2gajalfb.png Figure 1: Tasks of process development; red box indicates the application are of this work; (1) reactorseparator-network synthesis, (2) synthesis-design problems, (3) simultaneous design and control problems, or (4) heat integration tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-model-parameters-of-simple-parallel-reactions-3pupdcb7.png Table 2: Model parameters of simple parallel reactions example. https://scispace.com/papers/reactor-for-nano-focused-x-ray-diffraction-and-imaging-under-1d8vyrmluk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scanning-electron-microscopic-images-of-an-assembly-of-nrfmguv8.png FIG. 3. Scanning electron microscopic images of an assembly of THH Pt particles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-qx-qy-summed-up-along-qz-and-b-qy-qz-summed-up-along-24zhtg7i.png FIG. 5. (a) Qx-Qy (summed up along Qz) and (b) Qy-Qz (summed up along Qx) two dimensional x-ray reciprocal space maps around the 002 Pt reflection for an individual 330-nm diameter THH Pt nanoparticle at 200 ◦C. The black contour lines and the colored patterns correspond to the diffraction patterns of the particle under exposure to 5 ml/min CO or pure He, respectively. The red boxes indicate changes between the diffraction patterns with (black contour lines) and without CO (colored patterns). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-x-ray-reciprocal-space-maps-around-the-002-pt-1fuawdm9.png FIG. 6. X-ray reciprocal space maps around the 002 Pt reflection for an individual 200-nm diameter THH Pt-Ni nanoparticle at 200 ◦C and upon exposure of different gas: (a) 20 ml/min He and 5 ml/min H2 and (b) 20 ml/min He and 5 ml/min CO. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-three-dimensional-x-ray-reciprocal-space-maps-around-3hp6df6m.png FIG. 4. Three dimensional x-ray reciprocal space maps around the 002 Pt reflection for an individual 330-nm diameter THH Pt nanoparticle at 200 ◦C and upon exposure of different gas (recorded in 6 min): (a) 20 ml/min He and 5 ml/min CO and (b) 25 ml/min He. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-photograph-a-and-technical-drawing-b-of-the-reactor-cmk5nohc.png FIG. 2. Photograph (a) and technical drawing (b) of the reactor installed onto the piezo-positioner stage. Note that the order sorting aperture (OSA) from the focussing optics is close to the dome. The hexapod allows x, y, and z-translations of the sample within a range of 5 mm and an accuracy of 100 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-overview-of-the-reactor-compatible-with-nano-1403g280.png FIG. 1. Schematic overview of the reactor compatible with nano-focused xray beam and gaseous environment. https://scispace.com/papers/reactor-physics-analysis-of-the-spert-iii-e-core-with-3ypz19yuxi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-top-the-four-types-of-core-fillers-from-ref-dugone-cx8r07ci.png Figure 6: Top. The four types of core fillers, from Ref. (Dugone, 1965). Bottom. Close-up of the filler pieces and the core skirts for the T-4 R© model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-top-left-and-right-lower-reactor-grids-from-ref-upxkhiwj.png Figure 7: Top left and right. Lower reactor grids from Ref. (Dugone, 1965), and the corresponding T-4 R© model. Bottom left and right. Upper reactor grids from Ref. (Dugone, 1965), and the corresponding T-4 R© model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-composition-of-304ss-and-18-8-stainless-steel-1qtybmio.png Table A.3: Composition of 304SS and 18-8 stainless steel. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-composition-of-water-moderator-at-70-f-and-3sx63l7q.png Table A.2: Composition of water moderator at 70 ◦F and atmospheric pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-composition-of-fuel-pins-at-nominal-density-300jpgnd.png Table A.1: Composition of fuel pins at nominal density. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-top-the-critical-core-loading-of-the-e-core-with-32-vf2cfefu.png Figure 8: Top. The critical core loading of the E-core with 32 elements, from Ref. (Potenza et al., 1966). Bottom. Radial view of the corresponding T4 R© model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-radial-cut-of-the-spert-iii-e-core-with-60-22io1hiv.png Figure 1: Top. Radial cut of the SPERT-III E-core with 60 assemblies, from Ref. (Dugone, 1965). Bottom. Radial cut of the T-4 R© model for the E-core at mid-plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-integral-transient-rod-worth-for-the-operational-2xfc9n9p.png Figure 10: Integral transient rod worth for the operational core at cold zero power condition, expressed as a function of the transient rod position xt with respect to the bottom of the active fuel height. The blue dashed curve represent the fit of the experimental results taken from (McCardell et al., 1969), around the region of typical reactivity insertions for the E-core. Monte Carlo simulation results are displayed as red circles. https://scispace.com/papers/readiness-for-hospital-discharge-scale-for-older-people-2avchypy38 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rhds-op-exploratory-factor-analysis-factor-loadings-1tew6xq5.png Table 3. RHDS-OP exploratory factor analysis: factor loadings of RHDS items for combined sample and country samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rhds-op-scale-statistics-total-us-ir-ch-p-1-3od91y16.png Table 2. RHDS-OP scale statistics Total US IR CH P (1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-sample-characteristics-total-1zj9uemv.png Table 1. Characteristics of the sample Characteristics Total U.S. Ireland Switzerland P https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-confirmatory-factor-analysis-of-the-rhds-sf-older-3f011bqi.png Figure 1. Confirmatory factor analysis of the RHDS-SF-older people. https://scispace.com/papers/readjusting-imagined-markets-morality-and-institutional-2hi10v2sxz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-uk-financial-corporations-liabilities-2000-2012-k8hy10h6.png Figure 4. UK Financial corporations—liabilities 2000–2012. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-exposure-of-selected-german-banks-to-conduits-and-2dljg32w.png Table 1. Exposure of selected German banks to conduits and special investment vehicles prior to the crisis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-asset-structure-of-german-large-private-banks-2000-11nrt6x0.png Figure 1. Asset structure of German large private banks 2000–2013. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-household-debt-to-gdp-uk-2000-2012-1pcwj9uq.png Figure 6. Household debt to GDP (%), UK 2000–2012. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-leverage-largest-uk-banks-2000-2008-source-niubtwv1.png Figure 5. Leverage largest UK banks 2000–2008. Source: Financial Services Authority, 2009, p. 19. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-leverage-of-largest-global-investment-banks-2000-205380q4.png Figure 3. Leverage of largest global investment banks 2000–2008. Source: Financial Services Authority, 2009b, p. 19. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-asset-structure-of-german-private-credit-banks-2000-3m9aazvj.png Figure 2. Asset structure of German private credit banks 2000–2013. https://scispace.com/papers/real-brains-in-virtual-worlds-validating-a-novel-oddball-3qyzwkvz6f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-903-134a08v4.png Figures 903 https://scispace.com/papers/real-interest-rates-and-the-crisis-where-are-the-rates-2smbwhstw2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-real-interest-rate-us-2005-ix-2009-iv-10-year-us-37dheaea.png FIGURE 3 - REAL INTEREST RATE US 2005(IX) - 2009(IV) 10-year US Treasury bonds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-real-interest-rate-us-1983-2009-10-year-us-treasury-2cd33lzy.png FIGURE 1 - REAL INTEREST RATE US 1983-2009 10-year US Treasury bonds https://scispace.com/papers/real-life-treatment-practice-for-malignant-pleural-24bp16ga0p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-chemotherapy-first-line-regimen-for-malignant-1cbrowem.png Figure 2: Chemotherapy first-line regimen for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-centre-volumes-for-malignant-pleural-mesothelioma-v5wa9as3.png Figure 1: Centre volumes for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) patients, Belgium https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-non-adjusted-and-adjusted-hazard-ratios-hr-with-95-2b7ga9t9.png Figure 3: Non-adjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence interval for https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-treatment-schemes-for-malignant-pleural-mesothelioma-203jlr9o.png Table 1 : Treatment schemes for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) patients in Belgium diagnosed between 2004-2012. Surgery : radical surgery, Chemo : chemotherapy, RT : radiotherapy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-median-1-3-and-5-years-observed-survival-estimates-1ijavikr.png Table 2 : Median, 1-, 3- and 5-years observed survival estimates with 95% confidence interval (CI) by patient and tumour characteristics, centre volume, multidisciplinary team consult (MDT) and treatment types. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hazard-ratios-with-95-confidence-interval-from-uni-1g6j3cg0.png Table 3 : Hazard ratio’s with 95% confidence interval from uni- and multivariable proportional hazard regression model analyses for patient and tumour characteristics, multidisciplinary team meeting (MDT), treatment types and centre volume. Hazard ratios for centre volume were computed considering only patients who received tumour-directed treatment. https://scispace.com/papers/real-space-measurement-of-surface-roughening-3uzdgy7vjo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-height-correlation-function-measured-alongf552g-at-xr7zdov9.png FIG. 3. Height correlation function measured alongf552̄g at different temperatures. (a)Gsrd measured directly from the discretized step positions. The height correlation function dominated by residual surface orientation errors. (b)Gsrd after correction for local orientation errors. The measured d follow the behavior expected for the roughening transition. T solid curves are fits to the data according to Eq. (1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-perspective-representation-of-a-stm-image-measu-at-425-37hjt3ve.png FIG. 2. Perspective representation of a STM image, measu at 425 K (330 3 165 Å, Vt 250 mV, It 0.1 nA). The (111)-type steps are clearly resolved as well as three s which separate the (115) terraces, indicated by arrows text). The noise on each of the terraces originates fr spontaneous local height fluctuations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-perspective-a-top-b-and-side-c-views-of-t-ag-115-3ohvk7bc.png FIG. 1. Perspective (a), top (b), and side (c) views of t Ag(115) surface. Nine (111)-type steps are shown. The c lective displacement of the steps results in an island on (115) terrace. Thermally excited height fluctuations like the are responsible for the roughening of this surface. The numb in (b) indicate the widths of the (001) microterraces in atom spacings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-prefactorkstd-and-inverse-correlation-lengthkst-d-as-a-2e9ijdy6.png FIG. 4. PrefactorKsTd and inverse correlation lengthksT d as a function of temperature. The solid curves serve to guide eye. KsTd crosses the universal value of1yp2 between 460 and 510 K, whileksT d approaches its minimum value betwe 425 and 445 K. https://scispace.com/papers/real-space-formulation-of-the-electrostatic-potential-and-z3li8dwtf5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-convergence-of-real-space-total-energy-and-eigenvalues-36kt8uiy.png FIG. 2: Convergence of real-space total energy and eigenvalues to exact values in a self-consistent GaAs calculation. Here, “exact values” were obtained from a highly converged planewave calculation; and real-space values, from a series of finite-element calculations. The asymptotic slope of ∼ −6 on the log-log scale shows that both total energy and eigenvalues converge to exact values at the optimal theoretical rate consistent with the cubic completeness of the finite-element basis: the error is O(h6), where h is the mesh spacing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-local-part-vi-a-of-si-pseudopotential29-and-2vtcsfes.png FIG. 1: Local part VI,a of Si pseudopotential29 and corresponding localized charge density ρI,a. The potential has a long-range 1/r tail whereas the corresponding density is localized in real space. The total ionic density in the unit cell is thus readily summed in real space whereas the total ionic potential is not. https://scispace.com/papers/real-life-versus-package-insert-a-post-marketing-study-on-4qx60jmtvz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-factors-influencing-differences-in-reporting-rates-1vch415w.png Fig. 3. Factors influencing differences in reporting rates: distribution of (A) local and (B) systemic AE according to subject age and sex, and to the type of vaccination and study centre. The scale indicates percentage of subjects reporting at least one local AE. Granulated bars represent solicited AE Group A and black bars unsolicited AE Group B, respectively. All AE were reported by preferred terms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-incidence-and-distribution-of-reported-local-aefi-a-zsjplwmy.png Fig. 1. Incidence and distribution of reported local AEFI: (A) percentages of subjects reporting local AE by SPC terms obtained by solicited (Group A) and unsolicited (Group B) questionnaires, respectively. Asterisks indicate significant differences (p < 0.01). (B) Distribution of local AE. The y axis indicates percentage out of the total AE reported for the respective groups. The differences between the groups in distributions of events were statistically significant (p < 0.007). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-incidence-and-distribution-of-reported-systemic-aefi-a-ddgi2qn8.png Fig. 2. Incidence and distribution of reported systemic AEFI: (A) percentages of subjects reporting systemic AE by SPC terms obtained by solicited (Group A) and unsolicited (Group B) questionnaires, respectively. Asterisks indicate significant differences (p < 0.01). (B) Distribution of systemic AE. The y axis indicates percentage out of the total AE reported for the respective groups. Rates of anorexia were 0.3% in Group B and do not show up on the scale represented. The differences between the groups in distributions of events were statistically significant (p < 0.007). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-incidence-rates-of-local-and-systemic-signs-and-94hciz1u.png Table 2 Incidence rates of local and systemic signs and symptoms/adverse events post vaccination, by SPC terms. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-all-frequency-relighting-in-local-frame-1v086juqch 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-results-using-our-technique-our-method-can-1bfb75vl.png Figure 1 Sample results using our technique. Our method can handle complex materials, varying illumination and changing view. Here, models and the floors are mapped with SBRDFs. Illumination and viewpoint can be changed in real-time. From left to right, we demonstrate the effects of illumination change using an area light and the Grace Cathedral for the lobster model, and effects of changing view using two different views for the statue model. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-3d-point-cloud-segmentation-using-growing-neural-43by6y3l0b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-specification-of-kinect-2opgm42h.png TABLE I. SPECIFICATION OF KINECT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-concept-image-of-the-local-surface-red-and-green-nodes-2ij1ejka.png Fig. 4. Concept image of the local surface. Red and green nodes indicate the selected node and the nearest node of the selected node, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-exmaple-of-gng-u-with-without-weighted-vector-green-302q5akh.png Fig. 3. An exmaple of GNG-U with/without weighted vector. Green dot indicates 3D point cloud. Other nodes and edge indicate the topologica structure of GNG-U. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-example-of-the-point-cloud-with-color-2a9ege1k.png Fig. 2. An example of the point cloud with color. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-an-example-of-featuer-extraction-and-segementation-38frix94.png Fig. 8. An example of featuer extraction and segementation result. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-transition-of-the-numbers-of-data-and-nodes-txwcnqrv.png Fig. 7. The transition of the numbers of data and nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-transition-of-the-processing-time-121q3uth.png Fig. 9. The transition of the processing time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-total-flowchart-of-our-proposed-method-2hobmkeh.png Fig. 1. Total flowchart of our proposed method. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-airport-security-checkpoint-surveillance-using-a-z34y1ddcda 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-processing-flowchart-for-the-conveyer-belt-1ttqe74p.png Figure 10. The processing flowchart for the conveyer belt area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-state-machine-for-bag-labels-cj0pfria.png Figure 9. State machine for bag labels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overhead-view-of-the-checkpoint-simulation-2pz4tsez.png Figure 1. Overhead view of the checkpoint simulation environment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-result-of-the-experiment-2ew0ikoi.png Table 1. Result of the experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-example-frame-of-the-mosaic-image-b-labeled-areas-16394v53.png Figure 3. (a) Example frame of the mosaic image. (b) Labeled areas used for tracking and association. A is the Bag Drop area, B is the Conveyer Belt area, C is the Pick Up area, and D is the Staff area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-extrinsic-calibration-results-indicating-the-3dvae4yj.png Figure 2. Extrinsic calibration results, indicating the cameras’ positions with respect to the floor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-example-results-from-one-experiment-at-a-420-b-550-3lw5hn47.png Figure 11. Example results from one experiment at (a) 420, (b) 550, (c) 700, (d) 830, (e) 894 and (f) 1058 frames. Bags on the belt are given the label of their associated passenger. 32 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-foreground-extracted-from-the-image-b-3vfwb5ln.png Figure 4. (a) Foreground extracted from the image. (b) Classification of detections as bags (red boxes) or passengers (white boxes). https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-and-low-latency-embedded-computer-vision-hardware-6lu5l6v88u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-photo-of-baseboard-with-fpga-and-mobile-cpu-in-a-right-1heqidf4.png Fig. 5: Photo of baseboard with FPGA and mobile CPU in (a), right image after lens distortion correction and rectification in (b), and the disparity map calculated in the SGM stereo module is shown in (c). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-overview-of-the-technical-specifications-3dm4ieee.png TABLE II: Overview of the technical specifications. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-overview-the-fpga-is-placed-between-the-mobile-1klryqdw.png Fig. 1: System overview, the FPGA is placed between the mobile CPU and image sensors. These are directly connected to the FPGA. The video streams are deserialized, undistorted and rectified. Afterwards disparity estimation is performed. Processed and raw image data is synchronized in the output generator. Finally, data is sent to the frame grabber of the mobile CPU using its dedicated imager bus. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-eight-possible-directions-for-the-cost-paths-in-the-1y6u5k1p.png Fig. 2: Eight possible directions for the cost paths in the SGM algorithm are shown on the left. Paths from bottom to top increase the latency of the disparity estimation. The five used directions without increasing the latency are shown on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cost-aggregation-data-path-simplified-example-for-a-lwl7pufx.png Fig. 4: Cost aggregation data path, simplified example for a disparity search range of four pixels. Local cost functions C(p, d) and path costs are added to the final cost Gα(p, d) along the path in direction α. Costs are also stored in a buffer and reused to calculate the next cost depending on the minimal costs and the penalty values P1 and P2α. The size of the buffer is dependent on the direction α of the path. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-disparity-estimation-data-path-for-a-simplified-hxso5wsw.png Fig. 3: Disparity estimation data path for a simplified disparity search range of four pixels. The census cost is calculated based on a 7x7 pixel window in parallel for the four candidates. SGM costs are aggregated for five independent paths in parallel for every disparity candidate. The candidate with the minimal sum of the five aggregated path costs is taken as the valid disparity output. A left-right consistency check is performed to detect occluded regions, and finally a 3x3 pixel sized median filter removes spikes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-used-resources-of-the-sgm-stereo-design-including-313ske7w.png TABLE I: Used resources of the SGM stereo design including distortion correction, rectification and Microblaze SoftCore CPU, all implemented on an Artix7 FPGA. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-and-embedded-compact-deep-neural-networks-for-w0tygewvff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-samples-of-seagrass-images-and-their-ground-truth-2gnoa9lx.png Fig. 3. Samples of seagrass images and their ground truth, taken from different depth to the seabed. Black colour in ground truth indicates the seagrass mask, and white indicates the non-seagrass mask. The first and second row present seagrass samples and their corresponding ground truth from different depth condition, and the last row indicates the total number of images from corresponding depth conditions. Obviously, the light conditions change with increasing depths. The changes of seagrass shapes and outline increase the difficulty of seagrass detection, even for human experts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-structure-of-up-sampling-block-h-and-w-refer-to-1i4z6ct6.png Fig. 2. The structure of up-sampling block. H and W refer to the https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-network-computational-demands-and-1gauxnal.png TABLE II. COMPARISON OF NETWORK COMPUTATIONAL DEMANDS AND SPEED https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-proposed-networks-with-different-configurations-top-1fqze44t.png Fig. 5. Proposed networks with different configurations. Top figure shows the models with different weighted encoders (when β = 1.0), and the one below shows the models with different weighted decoders (when α = 1.0). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-energy-consumption-comparison-tested-on-tx2-yblenxiy.png TABLE IV. ENERGY CONSUMPTION COMPARISON TESTED ON TX2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-speed-of-segmentation-networks-tested-on-tx2-23mb74td.png TABLE III. SPEED OF SEGMENTATION NETWORKS TESTED ON TX2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overall-architecture-of-the-proposed-segmentation-1fwsok12.png Fig. 1. Overall architecture of the proposed segmentation neural network. It consists of the encoder, decoder and the skip connections. The encoder adopts the same architecture of MobileNet [28]. The decoder comprises five groups of up-sampling layers where the red arrows refer to the skip connections. The numbers over the blocks refer to the features size of output, and below ones indicate the number of output channels. We set α and β to 1 defaulty as default. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-segmentation-results-on-seagrass-public-dataset-ss9i6cbs.png Fig. 4. Segmentation results on seagrass public dataset generated by different deep neural networks. All the networks are trained using 0m ~ 6m training images, results presented are from 0m ~ 6m images in the test set. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-camera-motion-tracking-in-planar-view-scenarios-3c5h7c55ni 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-tripod-geometry-calibration-for-three-reference-krzfqegc.png Fig. 11 Tripod geometry calibration for three reference frames. To validate the results, soccer field primitives are projected onto the real images using different colors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-search-for-the-edges-in-the-primitive-tracking-3e0oy9qr.png Fig. 3 Search for the edges in the primitive tracking procedure. The red point is the point initialization based on the previous frames. The blue dotted line is the orthogonal line that we examine to find the edges. The green square is the center of the primitive. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-processing-time-for-both-sequences-in-2iqoxgtd.png Table 4 Average processing time for both sequences in milliseconds per frame. The scale model sequence contains 823 frames with size 1440× 812 pixels. The real sequence is 385 frames long and the frame size is 1920× 1080. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-camera-motion-tracking-results-real-images-images-on-4jn5m0q4.png Fig. 13 Camera motion tracking results. Real images: Images on the left show the tracked lines. Images on the right illustrate where the reference soccer field was projected onto the image using the calculated camera parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-processing-time-for-different-primitive-1u4fop4g.png Table 5 Average processing time for different primitive tracking implementations, sequential and parallel in milliseconds per frame. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-primitive-tracking-stage-in-a-scale-model-sequence-1win9adp.png Fig. 4 Primitive tracking stage in a scale model sequence. Black points represent all analyzed points to find the white primitives. Colored points are those selected as primitive center. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-primitive-tracking-stage-in-a-real-soccer-match-video-n34eikr7.png Fig. 5 Primitive tracking stage in a real soccer match video. Black points represent all analyzed points to find the white primitives. Colored points are those selected as primitive center. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-camera-motion-tracking-results-scale-model-images-on-2t0fo8z4.png Fig. 12 Camera motion tracking results. Scale model: Images on the left show the tracked lines. Images on the right illustrate where the reference soccer field was projected onto the image using the calculated camera parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-clustering-algorithm-that-adapts-to-dynamic-22kyx6jmbw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-of-classification-accuracy-achieved-by-35243qyr.png Fig. 4. Results of classification accuracy achieved by continuously adapting cluster centroids and by using fixed clusters identified on the first recording day (non-adaptive k-means), which shows the variability of the cluster centroids. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-general-approach-of-the-proposed-real-time-adaptive-1g3f7ezb.png Fig. 3. General approach of the proposed real-time adaptive clustering method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-functional-blocks-and-data-flow-of-a-real-time-spike-3bdqjl73.png Fig. 2. Functional blocks and data flow of a real-time spike sorting algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-computation-required-by-the-presented-adaptive-ygpn2pzg.png TABLE II. COMPUTATION REQUIRED BY THE PRESENTED ADAPTIVE CLUSTERING METHOD FOR ON-LINE IMPLEMENTATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-histogram-of-classification-accuracy-improvement-sqnv3hwv.png Fig. 5. Histogram of classification accuracy improvement (across all recording days), i.e. difference between classification results of adaptive clustering and non-adaptive clustering using fixed clusters set on first recording day. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-detection-results-for-acute-changes-actual-changes-1d5622gc.png TABLE I. DETECTION RESULTS FOR ACUTE CHANGES (ACTUAL CHANGES: APPEARANCE = 8, DISAPPEARANCE=10) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-functional-block-diagram-of-a-typical-bmi-using-spike-2l1ynj3p.png Fig. 1. Functional block diagram of a typical BMI using spike sorting. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-bus-arrival-information-system-an-empirical-17akmzndut 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-prediction-error-for-time-of-day-categories-mm-ss-3b5gxlur.png TABLE II. PREDICTION ERROR FOR TIME-OF-DAY CATEGORIES (MM:SS) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-real-time-information-accuracy-along-the-route-line-c3j50qio.png Figure 4. Real-time information accuracy along the route, Line 1 eatbound;star indicate a TPS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-prediction-error-by-day-of-the-week-mm-ss-mvr6m88e.png TABLE I. PREDICTION ERROR BY DAY-OF-THE-WEEK (MM:SS) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-real-time-information-accuracy-and-relaibility-as-3lb6fmlj.png Figure 3. Real-time information accuracy and relaibility as function of the remaining time until the next bus arrival https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stockholms-inner-city-trunk-lines-routes-ja4z4k5t.png Figure 1. Stockholm’s inner-city trunk lines routes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-real-time-information-prediction-error-1qgeeymp.png Figure 2. Real-time information prediction error https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-static-vs-real-time-information-3umo6lfm.png Figure 5. Static vs. real-time information https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-real-time-information-vs-static-information-1ozxd3yu.png Figure 8. Real-time information vs static information (operators) https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-control-of-the-plasma-current-and-elongation-in-1raz4rre1f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-block-diagram-of-the-tcv-controller-adapted-for-the-2d0jinla.png Figure 3. Block diagram of the TCV controller adapted for the deposition tracking control experiments. The elongation controller uses a similar method in addition to integral control. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-open-loop-application-of-ecrh-under-constant-1vqc3vjz.png Figure 4 left. Open loop application of ECRH under constant quadrupole field. Shown are a selection of poloidal field shaping coil currents which are broadly constant during the elongation phase (0.3 to 1.5s). The li is also shown. Right. Introducing a decrease in the pre-programmed elongation by feedforward control of the coil currents at 0.9s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-poloidal-plane-view-of-the-x2-upper-launcher-2c8fohs0.png Figure 1 left. Poloidal plane view of the X2 upper launcher and the ECRH beam’s range of ‘poloidal’ angles for both the upper and equatorial launchers. From the flux contours in this diagram and for a constant shallow mirror angle at the upper launcher, it is clear that as the plasma elongates the ECRH deposition would move towards the plasma core. Feedback control of this angle would be required to track the deposition location. Right. The X2 ECRH launcher system. The final mirror turns in the ‘poloidal’ direction and the whole system turns on its longitudinal axis in the ‘toroidal’ direction as is shown on the left for the equatorial beams. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-real-time-control-proportional-only-of-the-plasma-14dgv9xn.png Figure 5. Real time control (proportional only) of the plasma elongation. At the stepdown in the elongation reference, the power is reduced and the elongation responds as expected. There was insufficient power to achieve the initial high elongation reference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-tcv-hybrid-controller-is-based-on-linear-matrix-6d1k37io.png Figure 2: The TCV hybrid controller is based on linear matrix multiplication of signals and a PID controller. The A matrix elements may take values up to +/-0.5. The programmable gains (P) may take factors 1,2,4,8. G matrix and M matrix up to +/-2.0. Signals within the controller are limited to about +/-10V. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-real-time-control-of-the-plasma-elongation-and-ecrh-nu3mocej.png Figure 6. Real time control of the plasma elongation and ECRH deposition location. The reconstructed elongation trace is shown at the top of the figure together with κrealtime and the elongation reference signal. The error signal is the difference between the real time elongation signal and the elongation reference and is used in the ECRH power control algorithm only. ECRH power is switched on in a constant quadrupole field from 0.3s to 1.5s and the mirror control is also active during this time. The fourth trace shows the actuator signal for the mirror controller together with the measured mirror position. The TORAY-GA calculation of the deposition ρ is shown in the bottom trace (solid line) and compared with the expected deposition ρ given by a constant mirror angle at the feedforward value of 11.25deg (dashed line). The first point was also calculated under the assumption the mirror had moved immediately to the requested position (circle). The target ρ is also shown, which is simply the initial elongation at ECRH power-on. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-energy-management-of-an-islanded-microgrid-using-4ncw9z7ej2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3-inputs-outputs-and-assumptions-of-homer-841eov6a.png Table 2.3 Inputs, Outputs, and Assumptions of HOMER https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-11-sample-microgrid-architecture-9-1zb90im7.png Fig. 1.11 Sample microgrid architecture [9] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-10-case-c-homer-only-results-1d2fgz1j.png Table 2.10 Case C: HOMER Only Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-6-case-a-webopt-homer-results-1qlotyq4.png Table 2.6 Case A: WebOpt & HOMER Results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1-oecd-and-non-oecd-net-electricity-generation-1990-1coi6u3c.png Fig. 1.1 OECD and non-OECD net electricity generation, 1990-2035 (trillion kWh) [1] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-9-annual-average-henry-hub-spot-natural-gas-prices-1680mtow.png Fig. 1.9 Annual average Henry Hub spot natural gas prices, 1990-2035 (2010 dollars million Btu) [2] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-7-dump-load-model-2y24whv1.png Fig. A.7 Dump load model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-5-case-a-webopt-homer-technology-input-descriptions-2zz3ms7d.png Table 2.5 Case A: WebOpt & HOMER Technology Input Descriptions https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-dynamics-in-spin-1-2-chains-with-adaptive-time-v3od48apt3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-forth-back-errorefbstd-for-t-30-and-t-50-as-a-ug2a2zmw.png FIG. 5. The forth-back errorEFBstd for t=30 and t=50 as a function of dt. Here,L=100,m=50. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-magnetization-deviationdmstd-as-a-function-of-time-for-3h2jovyt.png FIG. 6. Magnetization deviationDMstd as a function of time for different numbersm of DMRG states. The Trotter time interval is fixed at dt=0.05. Again, two regimes can be distinguished: For early times, for which the Trotter error dominates, the error is slowly growingsessentially linearlyd and independent ofm sregime Ad; for later times, the error is entirely given by the truncation error, which is m-dependent and growing fastalmost exponential up to some saturation; regime Bd. The transition between the two regimes occurs at a well-defined “runaway time”tR ssmall squaresd. The inset shows a monotonic, roughly linear dependence oftR n m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-jz-1-collapse-of-magnetization-for-a-superdiffusive-ha6n9bu7.png FIG. 16. Jz=1: Collapse of magnetization for a superdiffusive scaling formsx/ t0.6d. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-quantum-phase-diagram-of-the-heisenberg-model-eq-s1d-34h9ug4y.png FIG. 1. Quantum phase diagram of the Heisenberg model, Eq. s1d. Seef11,12g for details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-forth-back-errorefbstd-for-t-50-and-t-30-as-a-2i36z3qg.png FIG. 8. The forth-back errorEFBstd for t=50 and t=30 as a function of m. Here,L=100,dt=0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-lost-weight-in-the-density-matrix-truncation-7905zf4d.png FIG. 10. The lost weight in the density matrix truncation, summed over time intervalsDt=0.1, is shown for the same parameters as in Fig. 3. A comparison with Fig. 3 reveals, however, that both values are not useful criteria for the DMRG truncation error and are in particular not suited to reveal the runaway timetR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-entanglement-entropyse-from-eq-s11d-between-the-left-7a3o4vcw.png FIG. 9. Entanglement entropySe from Eq. s11d between the left and the right half of the chain as a function of time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-best-fit-for-the-exponenta-in-dmstd-ta-for-the-data-23vtcx6w.png FIG. 14. Best fit for the exponenta in DMstd~ ta, for the data shown in Fig. 13 and for times betweent=20 andt=60. We estimate the uncertainty ina to be of the order of 0.1 due to the limited time availablescf. Fig. 15d. It was not possible to fit the slow oscillations forJz=1.1. To the eye, however, the curve in Fig. 13 suggests slow oscillations around a constant value, hence we included in the data pointa=0 for Jz=1.1 by handsencircledd. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-estimation-of-a-ship-s-attitude-csc65vqwwv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-absolute-value-of-the-measured-accelerations-a-used-to-1wdc320i.png Fig. 8. Absolute value of the measured accelerations ã used to adapt the sensor noise ra. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-estimated-euler-angles-solid-line-and-the-whp1zbpu.png Fig. 6. Estimated Euler angles (solid line) and the corresponding references (dashed line) obtained from the experimental setup. The estimation errors are also depicted (dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-adapted-sensor-noise-of-the-accelerometers-ra-and-1ks2rrcj.png Fig. 7. Adapted sensor noise of the accelerometers ra and adapted process noise of the rotation rates qω used for the EKF. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-estimation-errors-from-experimental-setup-3nqs7ava.png TABLE II ESTIMATION ERRORS FROM EXPERIMENTAL SETUP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-estimated-offsets-rx-ry-and-rz-of-the-rotation-rate-1rd3zer2.png Fig. 5. Estimated offsets ρ̂x, ρ̂y , and ρ̂z of the rotation rate sensors obtained from the experimental setup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulated-dashed-line-and-estimated-solid-line-euler-37qhwtnf.png Fig. 3. Simulated (dashed line) and estimated (solid line) Euler angles together with their estimation errors (dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-vessel-ship-with-offshore-crane-3vco2hcr.png Fig. 1. Vessel/Ship with offshore crane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-estimated-offsets-rx-ry-and-rz-of-the-rotation-rate-2s6o3c9f.png Fig. 2. Estimated offsets ρ̂x, ρ̂y , and ρ̂z of the rotation rate sensors together with their nominal values during simulation. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-face-detection-and-motorized-tracking-using-18tmpydihh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-state-diagram-as-modelled-in-smcube-3uckvqgk.png Fig. 6. The state diagram as modelled in SMCube https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-detection-of-the-faces-of-multiple-subjects-1tg0p63h.png Fig. 11. Detection of the faces of multiple subjects. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-tracking-of-a-moving-human-face-1-3k28mwbr.png Fig. 12. Tracking of a moving human face (1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-tracking-of-a-moving-human-face-2-30fvcy8u.png Fig. 13. Tracking of a moving human face (2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-raspberry-pi-on-the-left-and-the-easylab-on-the-3t29s9se.png Fig. 1. The Raspberry Pi on the left and the EasyLab on the right connected via USB-serial connection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-microsoft-lifecam-hd-5000-camera-mounted-on-2-3hki2o4y.png Fig. 2. The Microsoft LifeCam HD-5000 Camera mounted on 2 servomotors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-samples-of-images-with-human-faces-representing-1iwcnbt2.png Fig. 4. Samples of images with human faces representing positive images for training. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-samples-of-images-without-human-faces-representing-1fe8kizx.png Fig. 5. Samples of images without human faces representing negative images for training. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-facial-expression-recognition-from-image-sequences-3gr5ni5idg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-faus-chosen-for-facial-expression-recognition-1y3umily.png Table 1. The FAUS chosen for facial expression recognition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-a-poser-for-all-6-basic-facial-3bs054tp.png Figure 2. Example of a poser for all 6 basic facial expressions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-description-29m8xeoa.png Figure 1. System description https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-confusion-matrix-for-the-6-basic-facial-expressions-1e3giu7a.png Table 2. Confusion matrix for the 6 basic facial expressions https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-fault-detection-on-small-fixed-wing-uavs-using-3eyqun20m7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-12th-july-flight-binary-classification-report-m3p74oyg.png TABLE II 12th JULY FLIGHT BINARY CLASSIFICATION REPORT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-in-flight-prediction-performance-of-the-model-that-is-31xtugcr.png Fig. 3. In-flight prediction performance of the model that is trained on 12th of July’s data during 13th of July flight. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-13th-july-flight-with-12ths-model-binary-ie7exi1y.png TABLE III 13th JULY FLIGHT (WITH 12th’S MODEL) BINARY CLASSIFICATION REPORT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-after-concatenating-the-flight-data-from-21st-and-3s9hrtwx.png Fig. 14. After concatenating the flight data from 21st and 23rd of July, the model is trained and optimized using the 80% of the concatenated data, virtually flown over the whole data in order to obtain the in-flight prediction performance as shown on the bottom of the plot. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-12th-july-flight-with-13ths-model-binary-3scnntvy.png TABLE V 12th JULY FLIGHT (WITH 13th’S MODEL) BINARY CLASSIFICATION REPORT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-effect-of-day-to-day-variation-of-the-atmospheric-dx8m1mvd.png Fig. 4. The effect of day-to-day variation of the atmospheric disturbance (wind) on the sensory data is shown. On the top, the variation of the airframe body angular rates can be seen, and on the bottom, the required autopilot control outputs are visible to cope with wind effects. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-showing-the-increased-variance-between-the-desired-and-2cxjmaa9.png Fig. 5. Showing the increased variance between the desired and actual path as a result of the atmospheric wind on two consecutive flight days. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-13th-july-flight-binary-classification-report-22l8m37a.png TABLE IV 13th JULY FLIGHT BINARY CLASSIFICATION REPORT https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-feedback-control-using-online-attenuated-total-3hjv54r00r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagram-of-the-automated-self-optimization-rig-with-3oek589r.png FIG. 1. Diagram of the automated self-optimization rig with the ATR installed. The fluid stream passes from the pumps through the mixer (M), packed with sand which also serves as a pre-heater, and into the reactor (R) where the catalyst was loaded. The reactor output was either sampled for GLC analysis by the sample loop (SL) or flowed directly into the ATR flow probe after being mixed with a reference material (ethyl acetate). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-graph-derived-by-slicing-horizontally-through-the-data-19bq3bj5.png FIG. 5. Graph derived by slicing horizontally through the data at 210 8C, in Fig. 4a, showing the effect on the yield of pentyl methyl ether of varying DMC flow rates, the numbers (0.1, 0.48, etc.) indicate the different flow rates of 1- pentanol in mL/min. Note that, for a given flow rate of DMC, the yield drops monotonically with increasing flow rate of 1-pentanol. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-graph-derived-by-slicing-vertically-through-the-data-3uo7j11v.png FIG. 6. Graph derived by slicing vertically through the data in Fig. 4a at a flow rate of 0.1 mL/min of 1-pentanol, illustrating the effect of increasing DMC flow rate at different temperatures, as indicated by * 120 8C, u 150 8C, § 180 8C, n 210 8C, , 240 8C, 3 270 8C, * 300 8C. Note that, as discussed in the text, the variation in yield is far more complex than the example shown in Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-grid-of-measurements-at-252-different-conditions-to-grqx5u5j.png FIG. 4. Grid of measurements at 252 different conditions to gain a more detailed view of the methylation of 1-pentanol within the selected parameter space. (a) shows the variation of the yield of pentyl methyl ether, with respect to 1-pentanol; (b) shows the corresponding variation of the E factor. The optimal region of the E factor is located near the top face in (b), while the optimal region for yield is close to the front face (a). This validates the optimal yields identified by the SMSIM ( ) and SNOBFIT (6) adaptive optimization algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-optimized-conditions-and-yields-of-pentyl-methyl-2kw9f8el.png TABLE I. The optimized conditions and yields of pentyl methyl ether, with respect to 1-pentanol, identified via the SMSIM and SNOBFIT optimizations of the methylation of 1-pentanol by DMC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-snobfit-optimization-of-the-yield-of-pentyl-methyl-n8i0liwp.png FIG. 3. SNOBFIT optimization of the yield of pentyl methyl ether, with respect to 1-pentanol, for the methylation of 1-pentanol by DMC with the optimum region circled. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-set-of-ir-spectra-taken-during-the-calibration-3uds69vi.png FIG. 2. Set of IR spectra taken during the calibration procedure, with different compositions and conversions. Peaks are labeled based on spectra of individual standards: (2) pentyl methyl ether, (D) dimethyl carbonate, (1) 1-pentanol, (E) ethyl acetate, (M) methanol. The arrowed peak at ;850 cm 1 was used as the reference peak to overcome concentration effects and the relative height of the arrowed peak at 1120 cm 1 was used to determine the reaction yield of pentyl methyl ether, with respect to 1-pentanol, for the pentyl methyl ether product. (For full details of calibration, see Supplemental Material). https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-footstep-planning-for-humanoid-robots-among-3d-42mpofi830 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-an-example-of-the-phases-1-and-2-of-the-algorithm-the-3dsccffa.png Fig. 5. An example of the phases 1) and 2) of the algorithm. The initial walking trajectory (before smoothing) is such that below height hm no point outside the lower boxes is touched by the robot (see Fig. 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-simulation-of-hrp-2-performing-real-time-footstep-20r2qgoo.png Fig. 6. A simulation of HRP-2 performing real-time footstep planning in an environment cluttered with 3D obstacles. On the bottom-left corner of the image a beige 2D shape made of two portions of disks can be seen. It is a representation of a weakly collision-free configuration s(t) from the continuous path that the robot follows (one side is ΦL while the other is ΦR). Note that the configuration is weakly collision-free even though the shape intersects an obstacle. The area swept by this 2D shape along another continuous path is shown on the smaller image in the upper-left corner. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-number-of-steps-for-the-same-goals-as-in-fig-7-1z82fj6j.png Fig. 8. Number of steps for the same goals as in Fig. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-planning-times-for-8-different-random-goals-12t4qohs.png Fig. 7. Planning times for 8 different random goals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hrp-2-and-the-improved-bounding-box-made-of-three-3q8blin0.png Fig. 1. HRP-2 and the improved bounding box, made of three rectangular boxes. The width and length of the lower boxes are 18.5cm and 28cm, that is to say both about 5cm greater than the corresponding dimension of the foot of HRP-2. The upper box width and length are respectively 95cm and 79cm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-sequence-of-steps-performed-by-hrp-2-with-the-j4dfrhpd.png Fig. 2. A sequence of steps performed by HRP-2, with the corresponding configurations of the lower boxes. We can see that the feet of the robot always leave and enter the rectangular boxes from above, not from the sides. Thus, for all the obstacles whose height is less than hm, the lower boxes can be used for conservative collision checks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-flea-motion-planning-problem-on-the-left-from-a-2oiuzv8b.png Fig. 3. The “flea motion planning problem”. On the left: from a collisionfree sequence of flea jumps to a continuous weakly collision-free path for the disk. On the right: converting a continuous weakly collision-free path of the disk into a sequence of flea jumps, using a greedy algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-swing-foot-trajectory-before-and-after-smoothing-we-3hhyo909.png Fig. 4. Swing foot trajectory before and after smoothing. We can see that after the smoothing the robot trajectory is not necessarily contained in the boxes anymore. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-focus-and-overlay-measurement-by-the-use-of-2yrtpdfyn4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-of-one-period-of-exposure-light-blue-line-33laz01b.png Figure 5. Example of one period of exposure light (blue line) with a NILS of 1.6 and the localized scintillating marker material (red line). The marker has the same pitch but a reduced width as compared to the expose beam modulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-fraction-of-the-illumination-light-with-a-40-nm-10fv7quj.png Figure 6. The fraction of the illumination light with a 40 nm pitch that hits a 15 nm marker as functio of misalignment between illumination and marker for a NILS of 1.6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simplified-dual-patterning-process-flow-for-real-11zbjzmj.png Figure 1. Simplified dual-patterning process-flow for real-time overlay measurement using fluorescent markers. The fluorescent marker is exposed to a pattern that is shifted over approximately a quarter pitch, whereas for the customer part the second expose pattern is shifted over half the pitch. The fluorescent signal is a direct and real-time measure of the pattern placement error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-suggesting-a-possible-arrangement-of-3rdn8xx5.png Figure 2. Illustration suggesting a possible arrangement of marker pairs in the scribe lanes. The scandirection of the stages is Y. The alternating marker orientation enables sampled measurements of the X- and Y-OVL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-normalized-fluorescence-signal-intensity-in-as-3f9j6aa0.png Figure 3. The normalized fluorescence signal (“Intensity in %”) as a function of overlay error (“position [nm]”). In the insets, the fluorescent marker is schematically represented by the yellow rectangles, and the patterned expose beam by the green rectangles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-panel-illustration-of-overlay-for-relative-63zw6qwi.png Figure 4. left panel: illustration of overlay for relative positions d = -10, 0 and 10 nm of fluorescent markers in –X and +X direction with the expose beam. Right panel: The difference in fluorescence signal strength (“Differenc in %”) from a marker pair, monitoring e.g. +X and –X , as a function of overlay error (“position [nm]”). https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-fpga-based-radar-imaging-for-smart-mobility-2ac0e69nfs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-radar-imaging-system-including-sensors-nodes-plus-a-15i0gniw.png Fig. 4: Radar imaging system including sensors nodes plus a remote server for traffic management https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-range-doppler-2d-fft-signal-processing-plus-a-3rd-2qu9so10.png Fig. 3: A) Range-doppler 2D FFT signal processing plus a 3rd FFT along the channels for azimuth estimation and peak estimation; B) Range-azimuth 2D FFT signal processing plus a 3rd FFT for motion estimation in the frequency domain and peak estimation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-multi-target-detection-in-a-small-harbour-x-fri2-radar-3l2wtkwv.png Fig. 5: Multi target detection in a small harbour, X-FRI2 Radar https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-transceiver-architecture-of-x-fri-x-band-fmcw-radar-36l7mo8a.png Fig. 1: Transceiver architecture of X-FRI (X- band FMCW Radar Imaging) system, configuration with 1 TX and 2 RX channels https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-proposed-work-to-state-of-the-art-29dg58rr.png Table 1: Comparison of the proposed work to state-of-the-art LIDAR and RADAR imaging sensors for smart mobility https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-linear-fmcw-ramps-transmitted-received-by-a-radar-ogf1y4wp.png Fig. 2: Linear FMCW ramps transmitted/received by a Radar sensor https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-gpu-based-software-beamformer-designed-for-4eufslesk6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-multi-thread-processing-architecture-of-the-gpu-based-15jqnniq.png Fig. 2. Multi-thread processing architecture of the GPU-based beamformer. During analytic signal conversion (a), latency is reduced by copying an entire channel of pre-beamform data to the thread block’s shared memory. For the delay-and-sum stage (b), the position of sample in each channel to be beamsummed in a thread is denoted by a dashed curve in the analytic data array. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hardware-setup-for-the-gpu-based-software-beamformer-9t2dikyo.png Fig. 1. Hardware setup for the GPU-based software beamformer. During operation, data is streamed into the RAM block inside a PC workstation. The host CPU then distributes each frame of pre-beamform data into a GPU to perform beamforming. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-performance-results-of-our-gpu-based-beamformer-as-a-3betg99p.png Fig. 3. Performance results of our GPU-based beamformer as a function of imaging depth: (a) processing frame rate, shown for single- and dual-GPU setups; (b) execution time of analytic signal conversion; (c) execution time of delay-and-sum. “Tesla” and “Fermi” respectively denote GTX-275 and GTX-470 GPUs. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-global-illumination-in-the-cave-1utx8ae6pt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-user-in-a-vlf-rendered-virtual-bar-room-in-a-cave-26q322bs.png Figure 3: User in a VLF rendered virtual bar-room in a CAVE. Note the mirror on the wall. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rendering-passes-raj7cml6.png Figure 2: Rendering passes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-tile-lists-for-four-polygons-projected-22hxeleu.png Figure 1: Examples of tile lists for four polygons projected to a PSF where n = N m = 3 and m = 3. Bold lines mark the tile boundaries. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-head-nod-and-shake-detection-for-continuous-human-3vi7eemkys 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-yaw-pitch-and-roll-2hwl4exo.png Fig. 2. Yaw, Pitch and Roll https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-screenshot-of-the-system-in-operation-2do6h0d5.png Fig. 5. Screenshot of the system in operation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-overview-4iwilwwe.png Fig. 1. System Overview https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-recognition-results-for-training-set-3kqh3xia.png Table 1: Recognition Results for Training set https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-recognition-results-for-testing-set-30k7uby1.png Table 2: Recognition Results for Testing set https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-transition-of-nodhmms-hidden-states-b-transition-of-3bbwur95.png Fig. 4. (a) Transition of nodHMM’s hidden states. (b) Transition of shakeHMM’s hidden states. (c) Transition of otherHMM’s hidden states https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-typical-nod-sequence-b-typical-shake-sequence-1874oqht.png Fig. 3. (a) Typical Nod Sequence. (b) Typical Shake Sequence. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-human-pose-tracking-from-range-data-5gf6hug0os 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-left-run-time-performance-single-intel-i7-core-right-1vttzm8n.png Fig. 5. Left: Run-time performance, single Intel i7 core. Right: Study of how the accuracy of available body part detections influences the tracking accuracy of our algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tracking-performance-on-smmc-10-and-eval-as-well-as-3l81cnsq.png Fig. 4. Tracking performance on SMMC-10 and EVAL as well as comparison to Articulated ICP and Ganapathi et al.. The tracking accuracy is significantly higher than for the other approaches – especially for hard-to-estimate joint locations, such as, the elbows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-graphical-model-for-the-tracking-algorithm-b-human-14scad2u.png Fig. 1. (a) Graphical model for the tracking algorithm, (b) Human body model, (c) Model schema, (d) Capsule model and pixel correspondence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sample-frames-from-the-eval-test-data-set-the-side-lwrj0t2r.png Fig. 7. Sample frames from the EVAL test data set. The side view shows that the arms of the subject are not visible due to occlusion. Nevertheless, the algorithm outputs reasonable estimates for the arms, as other constraints limit the feasible set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-two-predominant-measurement-models-for-depth-1kwccpok.png Fig. 2. The two predominant measurement models for depth sensing and their effects on an object tracking process. Left: Example scene with the true object pose. Middle: ICP-based models “pull” the object towards the foreground points. Right: Raycastingbased models evaluate pose likelihoods based on individual pixel likelihoods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-top-tracking-accuracy-of-our-algorithm-upper-bar-plot-1nov6qty.png Fig. 6. Top: Tracking accuracy of our algorithm (upper bar plot) for different configurations of the algorithm (below) on the EVAL data set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sample-frames-from-the-eval-test-data-set-our-system-9usgxbaz.png Fig. 3. Sample frames from the EVAL test data set. Our system tracks the human motion in real-time from just the stream of depth images. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-monitoring-of-screw-insertion-using-acoustic-x6lx6dp49t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ct-image-of-a-cross-sectional-intercondylar-axial-2fra5ss0.png Figure 2: CT image of a cross sectional intercondylar axial slice of a left distal femur with the ROI drawn around excluding 81 the thin cortical wall. 82 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-of-acoustic-emission-output-of-screw-3oi6nts0.png Figure 6 – Example of acoustic emission output of screw stripping showing the point of purchase, plateau and stripping. a) 208 synthetic bone b) current cadaver bone. 209 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-from-the-linear-regression-model-with-ukvj1j12.png Table 2. Parameters from the linear regression model with robust standard errors. The model consisted of the stripping load 179 as the dependent variable and AE energy, bone mineral density and fragment size as the independent variables. B is the 180 unstandardized correlation coefficient and the rate of change per unit. a - Parameter omitted due to redundance, as it is the 181 reference category for the fragment size variable. 182 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bone-mineral-density-plotted-against-acoustic-3ac1hf74.png Figure 5 – Bone mineral density plotted against acoustic emission energy (a) and against load (b). The different fragment 163 sizes are indicated with either a red (small) or green (large) dot. The corresponding linear model is included in the plot (blue 164 line), with the dark grey representing the 95% confidential interval. Graph produced using R (R Core Team, 2019) and 165 ggplot2 [wickham2016]. 166 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-load-vs-time-over-and-the-same-test-cumulative-ae-3r6bqu8e.png Figure 4 – Load vs Time over, and the same test Cumulative AE energy per turn vs Time under (Test 18_5) (see txt) 129 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-the-spearman-correlation-r-bmd-bone-1xz5va1j.png Table 1. Results of the Spearman correlation (R). BMD – Bone Mineral Density, AE – Acoustic Emission 158 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-working-principle-of-ae-a-crack-is-formed-in-the-17hgtx4h.png Figure 1: a) Working principle of AE, a crack is formed in the material generating energy waves that are detected on the 40 surface by the AE sensor. b) Typical parameters for an AE event [pullin2017] 41 https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-hybrid-intrusion-detection-system-using-apache-4yhzqp39wq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-contribution-range-of-each-feature-towards-an-39r5fnxr.png Table 3.3: Contribution range of each feature towards an attack. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-accuracy-of-cc4-neural-network-for-different-8kz8c3pm.png Figure 4.4: Accuracy of CC4 Neural Network for different radii of generalization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4-hopfield-net-an-example-of-feedback-network-3pwbmlwi.png Figure 1.4: Hopfield net: An example of Feedback Network https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-perceptron-an-example-of-feedforward-network-3hmbxgp7.png Figure 1.3: Perceptron: An example of Feedforward network https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-improved-storm-topology-23dfv7k6.png Figure 3.5: Improved Storm topology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-flow-diagram-of-two-layered-feed-forward-neural-23wl9yt2.png Figure 2.2: Flow diagram of Two layered Feed Forward Neural Network https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-quantization-mapping-of-floating-point-data-to-dadk6mtz.png Table 3.4: Quantization Mapping of floating point data to Unary data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-components-of-storm-cluster-wh7tirk8.png Figure 2.4: Components of Storm Cluster https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-model-predictive-control-based-on-dual-gradient-50uw7lkcfm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shrinking-of-the-state-constraint-set-over-k-10-20-rejkpzl7.png Figure 2. Shrinking of the state constraint set over k = 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 prediction steps for (a) good solution quality (100 algorithm iterations) and (b) bad solution quality (30 iterations) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-closed-loop-evolutions-driven-by-optimal-controller-p67nkat5.png Figure 6. Closed-loop evolutions driven by optimal controller based on CPLEX solver and by the proposed GPD-based controller. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-fpga-simulations-3u5witwz.png Table I. FPGA simulations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-detail-of-the-matrix-vector-multiplication-mvm-unit-15sop6lt.png Figure 4. Detail of the Matrix-Vector Multiplication (MVM) unit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-clock-signals-for-the-mvm-units-ck1-ck2-and-for-the-2nesjyx7.png Figure 5. Clock signals for the MVM units (CK1, CK2) and for the accumulator unit (CKa). Shaded sectors mean that computations are in progress. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-level-overview-3iilbxum.png Figure 3. Top-level overview. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-theoretical-bound-n-l-on-the-maximum-number-of-nfs6cfsv.png Figure 1. Theoretical bound ν?λ on the maximum number of iterations to achieve a target solution accuracy λ, according to (32), for three sample problems of increasing size. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-moving-horizon-estimation-of-air-data-parameters-306nyc127x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-angle-of-attack-estimation-i2rbnpcp.png Fig. 5: Angle of Attack estimation https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-estimation-errors-excluding-convergence-phase-3ru5libl.png TABLE II: Estimation Errors excluding Convergence Phase https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-latency-between-data-received-and-estimation-output-21ej9nr6.png Fig. 4: Latency between data received and estimation output https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hardware-in-the-loop-test-setup-3twhmg4c.png Fig. 2: Hardware in the Loop test setup https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-wind-estimation-east-direction-f78ejkx7.png Fig. 8: Wind estimation east direction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-aispeed-estimation-15pzthdc.png Fig. 6: Aispeed estimation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-wind-estimation-north-direction-dg366f4l.png Fig. 7: Wind estimation north direction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-wind-estimation-down-direction-vttcknqy.png Fig. 9: Wind estimation down direction https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-nonrigid-surface-detection-2zp69zs2bq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-superimposing-an-appropriately-deformed-cvpr-logo-2p9meqxw.png Figure 7: Superimposing an appropriately deformed CVPR logo on the ICCV T-shirt of Fig 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-deforming-a-piece-of-foam-a-model-image-and-4zsr1go5.png Figure 5: Deforming a piece of foam. (a) Model image and validation texture. (b) to (e) detection results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-progressively-folding-and-unfolding-t-shirt-2xxbypab.png Figure 6: A progressively folding and unfolding T-shirt without any false positive detection. As indicated by the symbol on the upper right corner of images, the system knows whether the logo is present or not and overlays the validation texture only in the first case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-in-order-to-achieve-surface-detection-we-use-a-ljqkm0ri.png Figure 1: In order to achieve surface detection, we use a model image (a). Then, our method computes a function mapping the model to an input image (b). To illustrate this mapping, we find the contours of the model using a simple gradient operator and we use them as a validation texture (c) which is overlaid on the input image using the recovered transformation (d). Additional results are obtained in different conditions (e to i). Note that in all cases, including the one where the T-shirt is replaced by a cup (j), the white outlines project almost exactly at the right place, thus indicating a correct registration and shape estimation. The registration process, including image acquisition, takes about 100 ms and does not require any initialization or a priori pose information. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparing-three-different-keypoint-matching-18tdfokz.png Figure 2: Comparing three different keypoint matching algorithms. (a) Model image and validation texture shown in white. Results using: (b) Real-time classification trees, (c) shape context descriptor reimplementation, and (d) SIFT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparing-weighting-schemes-success-rate-as-a-262lzr95.png Figure 4: Comparing weighting schemes. Success rate as a function of erroneous correspondences percentage, for each one of the five schemes described in Section 3.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-r-function-of-equation-5-is-quadratic-for-d10wtyxz.png Figure 3: The ρ function of equation 5 is quadratic for distances smaller than the radius of confidence, elsewhere it is zero. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-pcr-assay-for-detection-and-differentiation-of-14ejdom1g2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-test-interpretation-of-real-time-pcr-assay-for-17ta9pco.png Table 3. Test interpretation of real-time PCR assay for Coccidioides species 2 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-real-time-pcr-testing-of-coccidioides-spp-3aj1c58w.png Table 4. Results of real-time PCR testing of Coccidioides spp. isolates from California 2 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-detection-of-coccidioides-species-dna-from-primary-1pto2q9u.png Table 1. Detection of Coccidioides species DNA from primary human and animal specimens 3 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-evaluation-of-archived-csf-and-pleural-fluid-samples-i69q3mdd.png Table 5. Evaluation of archived CSF and pleural fluid samples by real time PCR for 2 Coccidioides species. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-duplex-real-time-pcr-assay-sensitivity-7-8-1qvhtnjq.png Table 2. Duplex real-time PCR Assay Sensitivity 7 8 https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-multi-length-scale-chemical-tomography-of-fixed-1sv3xs4dfb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phase-distribution-maps-created-based-on-the-ywb6he7o.png Figure 2: Phase distribution maps created based on the intensities of the scale factors of each crystalline phase. Right: Relative changes of each component during the OCM experiment with the Mn – Na – W/SiO2 catalyst (operating conditions 1 to 5). Scale bar corresponds to 0.75 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-phase-distribution-maps-of-the-various-crystalline-hydk2yq7.png Figure 8: Phase distribution maps of the various crystalline phases present in the 2 % La-2 % Mn-1.6 % Na-3.1 % W/SiO2 catalyst during the OCM experiment. Scale bar corresponds to 0.25 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-elemental-maps-of-mn-w-and-m-absorption-ct-map-mu-3k33l9m7.png Figure 5: Elemental maps of Mn, W and μ-absorption-CT map (mu) of the 2 % Mn-1.6 % Na-3.1 % W/SiO2 catalyst – RT for room temperature scans, HT for high temperature scans (ca. 800 °C). The high temperature μ-XRF-CT scans were performed at four different vertical positions (Pos 1 to 4). Scale bar corresponds to 0.25 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-high-temperature-powder-diffraction-measurements-3lloh053.png Figure 10: High temperature powder diffraction measurements of the 2 % La-2 % Mn-1.6 % Na-3.1 % W/SiO2 catalyst collected under He flow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-phase-distribution-maps-of-the-various-crystalline-3lkumnin.png Figure 6: Phase distribution maps of the various crystalline phases present in the 2 % Mn-1.6 % Na-3.1 % W/SiO2 catalyst during the OCM experiment. Scale car corresponds to 0.25 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-phase-identification-of-the-2-mn-1-6-na-3-1-w-sio2-3cdku70o.png Figure 1: Phase identification of the 2 % Mn-1.6 % Na-3.1 % W/SiO2 catalyst. Black line: the summed diffraction patterns from the room temperature XRD-CT scan (i.e. after applying a binary mask to the reconstructed data in order to extract the diffraction patterns generated only by the sample), Blue ticks: Cristobalite, Green ticks: Tridymite, Red ticks: Quartz, Cyan ticks: Na2WO4, Magenta ticks: Mn2O3, Yellow ticks: Mn7SiO12. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-high-temperature-powder-diffraction-measurements-of-24pryju5.png Figure 9: High temperature powder diffraction measurements of the 2 % Mn-1.6 % Na-3.1 % W/SiO2 catalyst collected under He flow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-phase-distribution-maps-created-based-on-the-1yaprpy3.png Figure 4: Phase distribution maps created based on the intensities of the scale factors of each crystalline phase. Right: Relative changes of each component during the OCM experiment with the La-Mn-Na-W/SiO2 catalyst (operating conditions 1 to 9). Scale bar corresponds to 0.75 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-scalable-content-based-twitter-users-5823sc7ta8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-co-occurrence-matrix-example-for-terms-a-b-c-d-and-e-2nrw2jhz.png Table 2 Co-Occurrence matrix example for terms a,b,c,d and e https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-co-occurence-frequency-and-probability-for-the-term-2rktsil5.png Table 3 Co-occurence frequency and probability for the term a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-top-k-datastructure-performance-on-128-20d4lw0t.png Fig. 5. Comparison of top-k datastructure performance on 128-bit hashes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-successive-steps-of-the-algorithm-qpkm7gg3.png Fig. 1. Successive steps of the algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-graph-of-terms-example-using-table-2-co-occurrence-3n5i9n9c.png Fig. 2. Graph of terms example using table 2 co-occurrence matrix https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-storing-address-and-distance-in-a-single-word-the-xedgyo3n.png Fig. 4. Storing address and distance in a single word. The query hash and the 82817th hash are xored to compute the Hamming distance. The final result containing the distance and the address is stored into a single 32-bit words. For readability reasons, the example is given with 16-bit hashes and 32-bit words. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-precomputation-time-1i620jfy.png Fig. 10. Precomputation time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-precision-1-rmse-of-the-different-hashgraph-functions-3oja7w8b.png Fig. 11. Precision (1-RMSE) of the different HashGraph functions against TD/IDF with various frequent terms https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-separation-of-multineuron-recordings-with-a-dsp32c-2jucgew4e6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-thresholds-for-spike-detection-and-waveform-parameters-1ubln5pv.png Fig. 3. Thresholds for spike detection and waveform parameters used for defining model spikes. a: positive ‘start spike sampling’ threshold. b: positive ‘shifted zero line’. c: zero voltage. d: negative ‘shifted zero line’. e: negative ‘start spike sampling’ threshold. The following parameters are indicated only for the first component of the spike. f, area; g, squared area (+ , for positive going spike components; - , for negative going spike components); h, maximal amplitude; i, half maximum amplitude; j, shifted zero crossing + 1 data point = start of spike; k, time at half maximum amplitude rising phase; 1, time at maximum amplitude; m, time at half maximum falling phase; n, end of first component; o, positive ‘enable new spike sampling’ threshold; p, negative ‘enable spike sampling’ threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-left-model-spike-defined-on-the-basis-of-a-parameter-722a0gjn.png Fig. 5. (left): model spike defined on the basis of a parameter selection as shown in Fig. 4. a: mean value + 1 SD. b: mean value. c: mean value - 1 SD. (right): further setting the model spike. d: matching period. e: confidence limit for matching incoming spikes. f: time mark for spike end. For further explanation see text. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-spherical-videos-from-a-fast-rotating-camera-7t9j0hhy2a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-high-speed-rotating-motor-with-high-frame-rate-cmos-1ecfcpx3.png Fig. 3. High-speed rotating motor with high-frame rate CMOS area color sensor. The right image is an example of a full spherical stitched picture band that shows several revolutions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-one-frame-extracted-using-the-line-sensor-device-2i32iaf1.png Fig. 2. Left: One frame extracted using the line sensor device ; the vertical resolution is fixed, while the horizontal resolution reflects the rotation speed. Right: Plot of the number of strips per round (angular speed) derived from strip alignments: the speed was manually controlled using a potentiometer as reflected in the graph fluctuations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-image-processing-workflow-for-the-area-sensor-v7aq8icp.png Fig. 4. Image processing workflow for the area sensor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-horizontal-motion-blur-at-different-angular-speeds-top-1x17uq1h.png Fig. 5. Horizontal motion blur at different angular speeds (top). Close-ups of the red LED box emphasizing the horizontal point spread function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-first-prototype-uses-an-off-the-shelf-camcorder-fy3ftkme.png Fig. 1. The first prototype uses an off-the-shelf camcorder equipped with a fish-eye lens mounted on a fast rotating platform to acquire real-time full spherical surround images. Surround images are delivered real-time over the network via a WiFi connection. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-simulation-of-mppt-algorithms-for-pv-energy-system-z8iqh8mkw6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-solar-irradiation-b-reference-and-panel-current-and-29vp9jpk.png Fig. 8. (a) Solar irradiation, (b) reference and panel current, and (c) panel power using CPA method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-experimental-results-showing-the-system-responses-to-zctahjmd.png Fig. 15. Experimental results showing the system responses to a PV panel for variable current perturbation DI. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-solar-irradiation-b-reference-and-panel-current-and-3iltrcta.png Fig. 9. (a) Solar irradiation, (b) reference and panel current, and (c) panel power using proposed method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-experimental-results-showing-the-system-responses-to-18xk97bc.png Fig. 14. Experimental results showing the system responses to a PV panel for (DI = 0.001). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-equivalent-circuit-of-solar-cell-3r03swh1.png Fig. 1. Equivalent circuit of solar cell. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dynamics-of-perturbation-size-1bnry2i6.png Table 2 Dynamics of perturbation size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-power-stage-schematic-of-boost-converter-2nlc2zn1.png Fig. 3. Power stage schematic of boost converter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-specification-of-stp080s-12-bb-pv-panel-2035n6wm.png Table 1 Parameter specification of STP080S-12/Bb PV panel. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-standard-diagnostic-for-asdex-upgrade-vjildrziak 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-full-input-output-and-communication-stack-for-2d2o2uoq.png Figure 3: The full input/output and communication stack for data acquisition, analysis, and communication with Control of standard ASDEX Upgrade RT diagnostics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-channels-over-sampling-rate-of-various-129qcn95.png Figure 2: Number of Channels over sampling rate of various AUG diagnostics. The dark (blue) squares stand for diagnostics as they are presently operated while the lighter (orange) diamonds indicate where https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-analogue-front-end-crate-with-custom-channel-95k0edog.png Figure 1: Analogue front-end crate with custom channel modules inserted, pipeline control cards (yellow), and SIO-card as computer interface. The SIO-card featuring an internal TDC allows centrally https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-this-diagram-exemplarily-shows-the-influence-of-1ffnsz2e.png Figure 4: This diagram exemplarily shows the influence of binding a task to a particular processor. The activity measured here is a periodic (≈ 870 µs each 10 ms) copy of data blocks (≈ https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-variable-rigidity-texture-mapping-31pikk5ocq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulation-times-in-milliseconds-for-various-models-1didc0jp.png Table 1: Simulation times in milliseconds for various models. From left to right: (1) example model/animation name, (2) warp grid size, (3) Preprocessing time to generate rigity and warp mask hierarchies when any of the two changes and (4) time for simulation of the warp grid hierarchy. As it can be seen, preprocessing time depends purely on the size of the simulation grid. Also, it can be observed that above grid resolutions of 20482, performance drops significantly due to VRAM bottleneck. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rendering-times-milliseconds-columns-2-and-4-display-1q2bogm7.png Table 2: Rendering times (milliseconds). Columns 2 and 4 display the time required to render the scene, without and with applying the warp respectively. Column 3 shows the time required to invert the warp. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-our-method-with-thin-skin-2kd1ccc3.png Figure 3: Comparison of our method with Thin Skin Elastodynamics [15] (sliding variant). The rest pose is on the left, TSE is in the middle and our method is on the right. As it can be seen, our method reduces distortions in a content-aware way, compared to global reduction of distortion in TSE. Our approach is also more stable in terms of animation; a video comparison is provided as additional material. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-example-deformations-for-various-datasets-face2-1wzi86in.png Figure 7: Example deformations for various datasets (Face2, Blowfish, T-Rex). The face and T-Rex textures contain stone/bone-like bumps which we wish to remain rigid. The blowfish has spikes mapped as displacement, which are marked as rigid. Uncorrected (red) and corrected (green) mapping of features are shown in (d). Corrected and uncorrected rigid features that overlap are displayed in yellow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rigid-features-on-an-animated-face-model-zoomed-out-2tqoto3d.png Figure 1: Rigid features on an animated face model. Zoomed-out view of an animated frame (a), authored rigid features shown in (c). The parameterisation is constant, so deforming from the rest pose (b) to an animation frame (d) compresses the features. Using our parameterisation warps, the shape and scale of the features are preserved (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-parameterisation-methods-using-the-35jad6mx.png Figure 4: Comparison of parameterisation methods using the MugJug model. The rest pose is the rightmost image; a mug. The deformed frames are shown from left to right: re-parameterisation using our method, Koniaris et al. [13], Sheffer and De Sturler[24], Mean Value Coordinates, and using the original UVs. Our method is the only one that preserves the features of the mug at the right scale. A video comparison is provided as additional material. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-horizontally-compressed-square-rest-pose-right-1hj5akts.png Figure 5: A horizontally compressed square (rest-pose: right), demonstrating the effect of variable rigidity (bottom row) under deformation: 100% (left - all fruit), 50% (middle-left, bananas) and 25% (middle-right - bananas and strawberries) rigidity. As the compression is fairly strong and the rigid element distribution is dense, there is not enough non-rigid space in the parameterisation domain to warp in order to preserve the size of rigid features. In that case, rigid elements still compress, although more rigid elements compress less than less rigid ones. Additionally, our rigidity-density heuristic maintains the shape of features in sparse-rigidity areas (bottom of texture) better compared to more dense areas (top of texture). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-the-method-given-the-mesh-rest-pose-and-3uykvjuo.png Figure 2: Overview of the method. Given the mesh (rest pose and animation) and texture, we first artistically define the rigidity map and the warp mask. The rigidity map is used to generate a fine regular grid (at map resolution) that serves as the simulation mesh. Constraints are defined over this simulation mesh, whose stiffnesses are directly derived from the rigidity map (eq. 7), while the warp mask is used to select a subset of the grid constraints to simulate. The maps and mesh data are then used by our novel optimization process to hierarchically calculate the warped parameterisation domains (section 4). The warp is then inverted so that it represents new texture rather than geometry sampling coordinates. The resulting dense, deformed grids can be then used to render the dynamically warped texture (section 5). https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-three-dimensional-visualization-of-standard-light-16gzebuiyz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ray-casting-approach-to-volume-rendering-srwfwyom.png Figure 5: Ray casting approach to volume rendering. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-microscope-depth-of-field-18djeuwf.png Figure 1: Microscope depth of field. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-selected-layers-from-the-microscope-z-volume-a-e-31pztcdm.png Figure 8: Selected layers from the microscope z-volume (a) - (e) (layers 1, 8, 19, 21 and 24 respectively). Volume rendering of original view (f) and of two additional views (g) and (h). Volume rendering of original view without applying local maximum filter (i). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-common-main-objective-cmo-stereo-microscope-jonxb5ni.png Figure 2: The common main objective (CMO) stereo microscope configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-steps-to-render-a-microscope-z-volume-21q022zc.png Figure 4: Steps to render a microscope z-volume. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-z-axis-scanning-approach-to-increase-depth-of-field-281w2qhj.png Figure 3: Z-axis scanning approach to increase depth of field. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-original-microscope-image-on-left-and-opacity-image-1h9cdfra.png Figure 6: Original microscope image on left and opacity image on right (white indicates high opacity). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-layers-3-a-and-22-b-of-the-z-volume-two-volume-jv7t2jyg.png Figure 7: Layers 3 (a) and 22 (b) of the z-volume. Two volume rendered views of the z-volume: (c) and (d). https://scispace.com/papers/real-wages-and-labor-saving-technical-change-evidence-from-a-1ner6txsko 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-data-series-and-manufacturing-industries-oa100ppu.png Table A.1: Data Series and Manufacturing Industries https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pedroni-1999-2004-panel-cointegration-tests-qmb0snrw.png Table 1: Pedroni (1999, 2004) Panel Cointegration Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-eu-klems-ips-and-meta-analysis-panel-unit-root-1w6xm3jw.png Table A.2: EU-Klems: IPS and Meta-Analysis Panel Unit Root Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-tests-for-long-run-granger-causality-robustness-1br226st.png Table 4: Tests for Long-Run Granger Causality: Robustness Checks https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-unido-ips-panel-unit-root-tests-2i89zf9n.png Table A.3: Unido: IPS Panel Unit Root Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-unido-tests-for-long-run-granger-causality-wlfx268a.png Table 3: Unido: Tests for Long-Run Granger Causality https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-eu-klems-tests-for-long-run-granger-causality-wlxpfo0m.png Table 2: EU-Klems: Tests for Long-Run Granger Causality https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-klems-1z84w4yz.png Figure A.1: Klems https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-worst-case-temperature-analysis-with-temperature-8jbybarps7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-between-worst-case-temperature-estimate-and-1lpm1jh4.png Fig. 5 Comparison between worst-case temperature estimate and other traces: (a) time critical instance, (b) thermal critical instance with temperature dependent thermal conductivity, (c) thermal critical instance with constant conductivity, (d) thermal critical instance with infinitesimally small period/jitter (varying conductivity), and (e) 100 random simulations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-transient-temperature-changes-of-the-video-2x7l22oc.png Fig. 9 Transient temperature changes of the video conferencing example. Period and maximum jitter are set to 60 ms and 20 ms, respectively https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-various-resource-availabilities-frequency-modulated-3s2aw5x2.png Fig. 8 Various resource availabilities: Frequency modulated processors (left) and TDMA (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-approximated-temperature-t-which-has-the-same-stable-3lakyyg6.png Fig. 3 Approximated temperature T̃ which has the same stable temperature T∞1 but converges slower https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-two-examples-of-system-traces-and-schedulability-tests-3mi49r6k.png Fig. 7 Two examples of system traces and schedulability tests. Thin solid line represents a non-schedulable sequence that crosses the availability line at the location indicated by the circle. The thick solid line corresponds to a system which is schedulable https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simple-example-that-shows-a-the-worst-case-workload-2d244wl5.png Fig. 1 Simple example that shows (a) the worst case workload trace and (b) a constructed workload trace as well as the corresponding temperature changes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-worst-case-temperature-function-of-both-task-3lt2w5g4.png Fig. 6 Worst-case temperature function of both task invocation period and jitter. Star markers represent non-schedulable sequences, while circle markers highlight the cases that violate the temperature constraint of 350 K https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-thermal-and-power-parameters-of-the-considered-2rrys3lg.png Table 2 Thermal and power parameters of the considered embedded system architecture https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-video-segmentation-with-vga-resolution-and-memory-3lk6eg9wrn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rgb-color-space-2b3563sf.png Figure 1. RGB color space https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-system-architecture-of-the-segmentation-unit-jno0d979.png Figure 3. The system architecture of the segmentation unit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ycbcr-color-space-28pj5wut.png Figure 2. YCbCr color space https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-result-before-and-after-morphological-filtering-1vkq0bny.png Figure 5. The result before and after morphological filtering for different thresholds, (Left) original result, (Middle) with 0.8, and (Right) with 0.4 threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-memory-bandwidth-reduction-over-frames-is-shown-to-3mt4ys96.png Figure 4. Memory bandwidth reduction over frames is shown to the left and memory bandwidth reduction versus different threshold is shown to the right. https://scispace.com/papers/real-world-design-as-a-one-semester-undergraduate-project-1xkhxaab7g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-overall-physical-design-of-the-lantern-3e5y6v96.png Fig. 4. Overall physical design of the lantern. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-task-planning-for-solar-lantern-project-3v1sdbr6.png TABLE I TASK PLANNING FOR SOLAR LANTERN PROJECT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-circuit-diagram-for-light-emitting-diode-led-array-3m0z8nu3.png Fig. 1. Circuit diagram for light-emitting diode (LED) array. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-block-diagram-for-the-solar-lanterns-electrical-system-2zvyw718.png Fig. 5. Block diagram for the solar lantern’s electrical system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-low-voltage-cutoff-circuit-p1y8yaq4.png Fig. 3. Low-voltage cutoff circuit. https://scispace.com/papers/real-world-challenges-in-delivering-person-centred-care-a-57cv96q447 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-case-study-of-jim-a6dg1rgx.png Table 1: Todres et al. (2009) Conceptual Framework https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-todres-et-al-2009-conceptual-framework-2xdi80ej.png Table 1: Todres et al. (2009) Conceptual Framework https://scispace.com/papers/realism-and-pragmatism-in-a-mixed-methods-study-3xlasi12nq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cycles-of-theory-testing-and-development-in-realist-2euhw572.png Table 1: Cycles of theory testing and development in realist study https://scispace.com/papers/realising-epitaxial-growth-of-gan-on-001-diamond-40tnub2ckz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-pole-figure-obtained-from-the-10-11-bragg-c4ipyfvd.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Pole figure obtained from the (10 11) Bragg reflection of the GaN layer (a), and the preferred orientations with respect to the (001) diamond substrate (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-sem-image-of-a-gan-layer-grown-on-a-diamond-surface-s3rvvzpc.png FIG. 13. SEM image of a GaN layer grown on a diamond surface misoriented toward the [110] direction. The black line, which runs parallel to the ½1 10 direction, indicates the transition from a slightly to a highly misoriented substrate. Left of the black line, the misorientation is 2:6 , while, on the right side, the off-axis angle is 11:0 . The scale bar represents 20 lm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-overview-of-the-reflection-peaks-observed-in-the-2h2g6avp.png TABLE II. Overview of the reflection peaks observed in the XRD pole figure depicted in Fig. 5(a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-close-up-of-the-sample-i-prepared-at-1215-c-depicting-1cqkoo8f.png FIG. 6. Close up of the sample I, prepared at 1215 C, depicting the two growth domains in the GaN layer. Two cracks can be recognized as well. The scale bar represents 5 lm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-sem-images-of-the-series-in-vicinal-angle-toward-the-2t29myey.png FIG. 11. SEM images of the series in vicinal angle toward the [100] direction: a) sample J, grown on a facet with 2:0 misorientation, b) sample L prepared on a 2:7 misoriented substrate, c) sample M, deposited at a vicinal angle of 3:6 , and d) sample O, grown at an off-axis facet of 8:3 . The scale bars represent 5 lm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-sem-images-of-the-gan-growth-on-misoriented-diamond-3e04gtcw.png FIG. 12. SEM images of the GaN growth on misoriented diamond surface toward the [110] direction: a) 2:6 for sample P, b) 5:9 for sample R, c) sample S, deposited on a 6:7 misoriented substrate, and d) sample U, grown at a vicinal angle of 11:0 . The insets show the calculated Fourier Transform of the corresponding SEM image. The scale bars represent 5 lm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-schematic-representation-of-the-two-step-18s7sty4.png FIG. 10. (Color online) Schematic representation of the two-step determination of the angle a of misoriented facets in this study. Alignment of the sample surface using the laser beam (a) and subsequent measurement of the x ray reflection from (004) diamond lattice planes (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-images-showing-the-results-of-the-change-in-1by8bmdk.png FIG. 1. SEM images showing the results of the change in reactor pressure during the main GaN layer growth, with increasing pressure from left to right: a) sample B prepared under 20 mbar pressure, b) the reference sample A prepared under 35 mbar, and c) sample C after the growth with 500 mbar reactor pressure. The scale bars represent 5 lm. https://scispace.com/papers/realistic-examples-of-chaotic-magnetic-fields-created-by-33ap1mimiw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plot-of-three-types-of-magnetic-lines-obtained-in-the-3bixureu.png Fig. 3: Plot of three types of magnetic lines obtained in the perturbed system C , when = 0.05. (a) Elliptic periodic magnetic line. (b) Quasi-periodic magnetic line from a KAM island. (c) Chaotic magnetic line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-poincare-sections-of-the-magnetic-field-created-by-the-1ir5pkqc.png Fig. 2: Poincaré sections of the magnetic field created by the perturbed system C , when = 0.05 (a) and = 0.02 (b). An extensive chaotic sea containing KAM islands is surrounded by several KAM tori for high values of the perturbation , but the chaotic region shrinks when → 0. The intersection of the perturbed circular wire L 2 with the plane x= 0 is remarked in both figures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagrams-for-the-wire-configuration-c-a-and-its-2uoat1tv.png Fig. 1: Diagrams for the wire configuration C (a) and its perturbed version C (b). The direction of the currents is marked with arrows. For clarity, the value of the perturbation has been strongly enlarged in the picture. https://scispace.com/papers/realistic-fisheries-management-reforms-could-mitigate-the-1vzxdt1eop 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-percent-difference-in-mean-catch-and-profits-in-2091-2n24gkby.png Fig 5. Percent difference in mean catch and profits in 2091–2100 relative to 2012–2021 (“today”) for 156 countries under realistic adaptation implementing management at 5-year intervals. Grey shading indicates countries without marine territories. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-percent-change-in-maximum-sustainable-yield-msy-under-x8ilrfmu.png Fig 1. Percent change in maximum sustainable yield (MSY) under each emission scenario. In the left column, maps show the percent change in MSY from 2012–2021 (“today”) to 2091–2100 in each exclusive economic zone. In the right column, the colored lines show the percent change in MSY (measured in 10-year running averages) relative to 2012–2021 (“today”) for each of 156 countries and the black lines show the percent change globally. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-influence-of-changes-in-maximum-sustainable-yield-msy-nif5l3to.png Fig 4. Influence of changes in maximum sustainable yield (MSY) on the ability for management to generate higher catch and profits in the future (2091–2100) relative to today (2012–2021). Bars indicate the proportion of countries experiencing each combination of catch and profits trajectories under each emissions scenario, management scenario (rows), and change in underlying productivity (columns). The number of countries experiencing reductions in MSY increases under increasingly severe emissions scenarios (see column title for numbers). Although the number of countries experiencing gains in MSY decreases under increasingly severe emissions scenarios (see column title for numbers), the gains in MSY in these countries are actually magnified with increasing emissions (i.e., more fish stocks move into their exclusive economic zones with more rapid warming). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-percent-difference-in-mean-catch-and-profits-in-2091-mrt2v9ko.png Fig 2. Percent difference in mean catch and profits in 2091–2100 relative to 2012–2021 (“today”) from all stocks under each emission and management scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-percent-difference-in-cumulative-catch-and-cumulative-2q1gva5j.png Fig 6. Percent difference in cumulative catch and cumulative profits from 2012–2100 relative to business-as-usual for 156 countries under three emissions scenarios (columns) and two adaptation scenarios (rows). The percentage labels indicate the percentage of countries falling in each quadrant of catch and profit outcomes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-percent-difference-in-mean-catch-and-profits-in-2091-383m3vhf.png Fig 3. Percent difference in mean catch and profits in 2091–2100 relative to 2012–2021 (“today”) for 156 countries under three emissions scenarios (columns) and three management scenarios (rows). The percentage labels indicate the percentage of countries falling in each quadrant of catch and profit outcomes. Note that changes in catch and profits do not always match. This occurs when climate change and management strategies differentially favor more productive but less profitable species relative to less productive but more profitable species. https://scispace.com/papers/realistic-modeling-of-composite-and-reinforced-concrete-4gdi0s4nd0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-influence-of-restraint-conditions-on-square-and-2m8jjm8j.png Figure 7 Influence of restraint conditions on square and rectangular slabs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-plan-and-cross-section-of-ribbed-slab-43cxszqn.png Figure 11 Plan and cross-section of ribbed slab https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-experimental-and-numerical-results-for-laterally-1u7c4myu.png Figure 3 Experimental and numerical results for laterally-unrestrained slabs with different reinforcement and span-to-depth ratios https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-biaxial-concrete-model-described-in-companion-paper-1cxqcnzs.png Figure 2 Biaxial concrete model described in companion paper https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-behaviour-of-simply-supported-and-restrained-2svhdong.png Figure 12 Behaviour of simply-supported and restrained ribbed-slabs (without steel deck) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-between-theoretical-predictions-of-the-3refjwiw.png Figure 6 Comparison between theoretical predictions of the tensile action and numerical results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-floor-plan-and-slab-cross-section-for-the-full-2ttfrnhn.png Figure 8 Floor plan and slab cross-section for the full-scale test structure (dimensions in mm) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-configuration-of-composite-slab-and-new-orthotropic-rspnh5vp.png Figure 1 Configuration of composite slab and new orthotropic shell element described in companion paper https://scispace.com/papers/realistic-mobility-simulation-of-urban-mesh-networks-2bdupap9a1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ccdf-of-the-duration-of-eat-shop-and-at-home-3p9oi76n.png Fig. 6. CCDF of the duration of eat, shop, and at home activities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ccdf-of-distance-traveled-during-outdoor-walking-trips-2jidsz78.png Fig. 7. CCDF of Distance Traveled During Outdoor Walking Trips. This data is from [12]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-duration-at-work-model-parameters-3hkmjg2z.png Table 1 Duration at work model parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-packet-loss-probability-for-random-office-waypoint-2eai7p98.png Fig. 12. Packet loss probability for random office waypoint (ROW) and realistic mobility for different types of trips. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-duration-of-activity-model-parameters-38wpv9g1.png Table 2 Duration of activity model parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-rate-that-a-person-takes-a-break-and-leaves-work-1dptcbea.png Fig. 4. The rate that a person takes a break and leaves work given the current time. Also shown are the rates conditioned on the person being at work for at least one and two hours. These rates are within the confidence intervals that are also shown. Finally, the fitted rate is also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-left-the-number-of-activities-done-during-a-break-1ln5ve6r.png Fig. 5. Left: the number of activities done during a break conditioned on the time that the break is started. Right: the fraction of time that a break includes the indicated activity given the number of activities performed within the break. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-validation-of-the-pedestrian-agent-model-the-black-3hysp884.png Fig. 9. A validation of the pedestrian agent model. The black lines are the ranges that Pushkarev and Zupan considered realistic. The circles are values that Pushkarev and Zupan observed and the x-marks are the values generated by the simulator. The left-hand frame shows the results of the full simulator. The middle frame shows the results when no probabilistic passing model is used; instead a node always passes. The right-hand plot is when no inter-node dynamics are used, e.g., two nodes can occupy the same location. https://scispace.com/papers/realistic-specific-power-expectations-for-advanced-17isuc3bm4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-specific-power-for-heat-source-and-radiator-only-2nu4ps65.png Figure 5. Specific power for heat source and radiator only. Based on 100 We-class RPS with previously defined heat source mass scaling relationship and 5 kg/m2 two-sided radiator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-advanced-power-conversion-technologies-advanced-1h85n2zm.png Figure 6. Advanced Power Conversion Technologies. Advanced Stirling Convertor by Sunpower Inc. (Athens, OH), Segmented Thermoelectric Module by Teledyne Energy Systems (Hunt Valley, MD), Thermophotovoltaic Array by Creare Inc. (Hanover, NH), and Brayton Rotor by Creare Inc. (Hanover, NH). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-near-term-next-generation-rps-options-multi-mission-c60dh1a4.png Figure 1. Near-term, next generation RPS options. Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator by Pratt & Whitney and Teledyne (courtesy of Teledyne Energy Systems), Stirling Radioisotope Generator by Lockheed Martin and Infinia (courtesy of Lockheed Martin). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-expected-100-we-rps-design-space-the-colored-qhtur2yh.png Figure 7. Expected 100 We RPS Design Space. The colored regions represent the reasonable design envelopes for the various power conversion technologies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-state-of-the-art-rps-comparing-existing-gphs-rtg-2folwjcg.png Table 1. State-of-the-art RPS. Comparing existing GPHS-RTG with near-term MMRTG and SRG110. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-heat-source-mass-model-balance-of-heat-source-mass-1mk88mc3.png Figure 2. Heat source mass model. Balance of heat source mass consists of heat source support, heat distribution, and thermal insulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-radiator-area-trends-radiator-area-is-minimized-by-3gpmvo61.png Figure 3. Radiator area trends. Radiator area is minimized by high cold-end temperatures or high efficiency. https://scispace.com/papers/realization-of-an-economical-polymer-optical-fiber-3etjlqwlk0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-refractive-index-in-dependence-of-wavelength-1u9susau.png Fig. 4 Refractive index in dependence of wavelength https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spot-diagram-of-detection-layer-2ijej5c7.png Fig. 5 Spot Diagram of Detection Layer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-2d-plot-of-improved-simulation-1vlqpijp.png Fig. 6 2D Plot of improved simulation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-spot-diagram-of-detection-layer-of-improved-316l1awh.png Fig. 7 Spot Diagram of Detection Layer of improved configuration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-principal-sketch-of-a-wdm-demultiplexer-fig-3-2d-plot-3ogp9gsu.png Fig. 2 Principal Sketch of a WDM Demultiplexer Fig. 3 2D Plot of early simulation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-spherical-aberration-for-different-lens-forms-a-simple-12kq9eg1.png Fig. 8 Spherical Aberration for different lens forms: a) simple biconvex lens, b) lens “best form”, c) distribution of refraction power in two lenses, d) aspheric, almost plano-convex lens [9] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-local-multimedia-infrastructure-js8bqjap.png Fig. 1 Local Multimedia Infrastructure https://scispace.com/papers/realization-of-perfect-reconstruction-non-uniform-filter-5170unz36d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-realization-of-non-uniform-filter-bank-via-a-uniform-236h50qa.png Fig. 2. Realization of non-uniform filter bank via a uniform filter bank https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-non-uniform-filter-bank-b-tree-structure-filter-bank-2p0enyui.png Fig. 1. (a) Non-uniform filter bank (b) Tree structure filter bank https://scispace.com/papers/realization-of-high-t-i-plasmas-and-confinement-38uc50g371 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-time-evolution-of-a-pnbi-b-ne-fir-c-b-bt-d-the-1xsmojct.png FIG. 5. The time evolution of (a) PNBI, (b) ne_fir, (c) b/Bt, (d) the neutron emission rate Sn (e) Wp_dia, (f) Ti0, and (g) the radial profiles of Ti, Te, and ne of the highest-Ti plasma in the LHD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-comparison-of-the-radial-profiles-of-a-te-and-b-2-289hk8jv.png FIG. 13. Comparison of the radial profiles of (a) Te and (b) /2 between Co-ECCD and Ctr-ECCD with the toroidal magnetic field direction of CCW. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-configuration-dependence-of-a-the-peaking-factor-2awtq30i.png FIG. 11. The configuration dependence of (a) the peaking factor of the ne profile, (b) the peaking factor of the nC profile, (c) dTi/dreff, and (d) Rax/LTi. The triangles and the circles are the data for hydrogen and deuterium, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-the-linear-growth-rate-of-itg-and-tem-in-the-e-itb-wc6buttw.png FIG. 15. The linear growth rate of ITG and TEM in the e-ITB plasmas for (a) hydrogen, and (b) deuterium. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-time-evolution-of-a-pnbi-b-ne-fir-c-ne0-d-te0-e-30r3srrv.png FIG. 6. The time evolution of (a) PNBI, (b) ne_fir, (c) ne0, (d) Te0, (e) Ti0, and (f) the radial profiles of Ti at the timing of the maximum Ti for the typical high Ti plasmas W/O D and W/ D. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-radial-profiles-of-ne-nc-and-ti-in-several-3rto3v05.png FIG. 10. The radial profiles of ne, nC, and Ti in several magnetic configurations for (a)-(c) H, and (d)(f) D plasmas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-the-radial-profiles-of-a-ne-b-te-and-c-e-for-h-and-d-3me66tfg.png FIG. 14. The radial profiles of (a) ne, (b) Te, and (c) e for H and D with approximately the same ne_fir and the different ECRH power. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-dependence-of-id-in-the-wall-conditioning-aya6yhbi.png FIG. 1. The dependence of ID in the wall conditioning discharge on (a) the number of the ECDC and (b) the accumulated input ECRH energy. https://scispace.com/papers/realization-of-time-resolved-two-vacuum-ultraviolet-photon-4geeaxd1g5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-photoreaction-path-network-ieer-intermediate-1h69t7bl.png FIG. 1: Photoreaction path-network. IEER: intermediate electronically excited region; CI: conical intersection; hgs: hot ground state. Black solid arrows indicate the processes of interest in this work with τ and τ ′ the decay times of these processes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-resolved-two-photon-ionization-trace-of-krypton-3qetodh6.png FIG. 4: Time resolved two-photon ionization trace of krypton and oxygen. Solid lines show numerical simulations: (a) τp = 27± 2 fs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-resolved-two-photon-ionization-trace-of-krypton-2aalmwsl.png FIG. 3: Time resolved two-photon ionization trace of krypton and ethylene. Solid lines show numerical simulations: (a) τp = 31 ± 2 fs, (b) τp = 31 ± 2 fs, τ = 24 ± 3 fs, (c) and (d) τp = 31±2 fs, τ = 24±3 fs, and τ ′ = 10±2 fs (see text). The data are normalized to the ethylene ion signal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-setup-l-lens-a1-aperture-differential-2wt1qvx6.png FIG. 2: Experimental setup. L: lens; A1: aperture, differential pumping; A2: aperture. The pulsed nozzle of the gas jet also serves as repeller of the TOF spectrometer. https://scispace.com/papers/reappearance-of-structure-in-colloidal-suspensions-1avt7wl3ft 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-static-structure-factors-s-q-of-deionized-suspensions-27cattnp.png Fig. 1 – Static structure factors S(q) of deionized suspensions of polystyrene latex particles measured with light scattering as a function of the magnitude of the scattering wave vector q at 25 ◦C. (a) Average particle radius a = 54.9 nm, size polydispersity p = 11.8%, Bjerrum length lB = 1.383 nm, and solvent refractive index n = 1.3645. (b) a = 58.7 nm, p = 15.7%, lB = 1.482 nm, n = 1.3656. Particle volume fractions increase from left to right. Laser wavelengths were λ0 = 632.8 nm in (a) and λ0 = 680.4 nm in (b). Solid lines: best-fit polydisperse Rogers-Young calculations using a Yukawa interaction potential with adjustable volume fraction and effective charge. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-peak-heights-s-qmax-of-the-measured-structure-1cifmwle.png Fig. 2 – (a) Peak heights S(qmax) of the measured structure factors as a function of volume fraction ϕ for particles with diameter a = 54.9 nm (squares) and a = 58.7 nm (triangles). Error bars represent standard deviations of S(qmax) due to photon statistics. (b) The height of the first peak of the colloid structure factor, S(qmax), of a charge-stabilized colloidal suspension as a function of the volume fraction ϕ calculated solving the Ornstein-Zernike equation with the RMSA closure relation with effective pair potentials based on the jellium approximation. The curves are labelled with the respective bare colloidal charges Z. https://scispace.com/papers/realizing-an-mda-and-soa-marriage-for-the-development-of-3fivovgnkj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-data-flows-between-macro-components-in-the-service-3qr9xzz5.png Fig. 1. Data flows between macro components in the Service Creation Environment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-activation-menu-for-the-dinner-planning-service-2imxjum6.png Fig. 5. Activation menu for the dinner planning service https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-logic-of-the-dinner-planning-service-orchestration-1in9edb8.png Fig. 4. Logic of the dinner planning service orchestration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-interface-of-the-personal-agenda-component-omqc10g7.png Fig. 3. Interface of the Personal Agenda component https://scispace.com/papers/reanalysis-of-u-s-national-weather-service-flood-loss-35i7j8ubkn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-damage-estimates-by-state-1955-1978-2ualg2o2.png Table 2. Comparison of Damage Estimates by State, 1955–1978 and 1983–1999 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-levels-of-annual-state-flood-damage-in-three-states-dxoi5xiv.png Table 3. Levels of Annual State Flood Damage in Three States du https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-level-of-median-annual-flood-damage-in-1995-dollars-in-16uus1qc.png Fig. 4. Level of median annual flood damage(in 1995 dollars) in each state for 1955–1978 and 1983–1999 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flood-damage-estimates-provided-by-five-states-versus-106bkxcx.png Fig. 1. Flood damage estimates provided by five states versus estimates in same years https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-level-of-damage-per-capita-in-1995-dollars-in-each-2e1cumjm.png Fig. 7. Level of damage per capita(in 1995 dollars) in each stat during 1983–2000 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-states-ranked-by-estimated-total-damage-in-millions-of-1m9b7dqo.png Fig. 3. States ranked by estimated total damage(in millions of 1995 dollars) during 1955–1978 and 1983–1999 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-estimated-annual-flood-damage-in-united-states-1934-1-dbto7bui.png Fig. 2. Estimated annual flood damage in United States, 1934–1 (a) total flood damage;(b) flood damage per capita;(c) flood damag per million dollars of tangible wealth. Trend lines are transformat of linear trends computed on logarithms of damage values https://scispace.com/papers/rearing-without-paternal-help-in-the-bolivian-owl-monkey-2wkhxpc8o0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-carrying-performance-of-the-siblings-246eq6qa.png Fig. 3. Carrying performance of the siblings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-carrying-performance-of-the-mother-3uhj6ju8.png Fig. 2. Carrying performance of the mother. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-carrying-behaviour-in-an-intact-family-group-n-34-2m0ks4z1.png Fig. 1. Carrying behaviour in an intact family group (n = 34). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-of-independence-of-the-fatherless-infant-and-the-218g5ru9.png Fig. 4. Time of independence of the fatherless infant and the 34 infants in the intact family groups. https://scispace.com/papers/reason-for-failure-in-the-treatment-of-impacted-and-retained-697m93a2td 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-resultat-inesthetique-du-contour-gingival-apres-17eem8nf.png Figure 8 Résultat inesthétique du contour gingival après mise en place sur l’arcade de la 11 par un lambeau déplacé apicalement bien au-delà de la ligne muco-gingivale (d’après Korbendau, et al. [24]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-coupe-tomodensitometrique-revelant-une-zone-2b409x58.png Figure 7 (a) Coupe tomodensitométrique révélant une zone d’ankylose au niveau d’une 21 incluse. (b et c) Reconstructions 3D permettant d’appréhender le volume d’ankylose et sa situation précise (d’après Paris, et al. [32]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-angle-entre-laxe-de-la-canine-incluse-et-la-ligne-20rqgwqj.png Figure 20 Angle entre l’axe de la canine incluse et la ligne médiane, et exemple clinique (d’après Stivaros, et al. [38]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-direction-des-forces-de-tractions-orthodontiques-w9rbgsjd.png Figure 12 Direction des forces de tractions orthodontiques qui permet de réduire les risques de problèmes parodontaux (d’après Crinetz [15]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-stade-de-superposition-de-la-canine-incluse-sur-la-2951ju4v.png Figure 19 Stade de superposition de la canine incluse sur la racine de l’incisive latérale (d’après Stivaros, et al. [38]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-degagement-de-la-11-incluse-en-position-ectopique-j460m9wa.png Figure 17 Dégagement de la 11 incluse en position ectopique vestibulaire et aménagement rapide des tissus parodontaux grâce à un lambeau positionné apicalement (d’après Pinho, et al. [34]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-situation-finale-en-fin-de-traitement-presentant-1najowds.png Figure 18 Situation finale en fin de traitement présentant une architecture gingivale satisfaisante (d’après Pinho, et al. [34]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-coupes-tomodensitometriques-permettant-de-1fyk530n.png Figure 1 Coupes tomodensitométriques permettant de visualiser la dent incluse selon des coupes horizontales (a), sagittales (b) et frontales (c) à l’échelle 1/1. https://scispace.com/papers/reasoning-about-the-posix-file-system-local-update-and-sxsuodpb87 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-satisfaction-relation-3f498i2v.png Figure 3: Satisfaction relation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-components-of-installers-postcondition-2099tj3r.png Figure 9: Components of installer’s postcondition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-proof-derivation-of-the-fixed-recursive-delete-m4eztil6.png Figure 7: Proof derivation of the fixed recursive delete. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fusion-logic-assertions-3m9d0s2e.png Figure 2: Fusion logic assertions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-naive-recursive-remove-top-that-fails-to-remove-a-3ioh4jwq.png Figure 5: A naive recursive remove (top), that fails to remove a directory completely, and the suggested fix (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-components-of-the-installers-precondition-2bqpyh0d.png Figure 8: Components of the installer’s precondition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-small-axioms-for-the-posix-file-system-fragment-384bv5nv.png Figure 4: Small axioms for the POSIX file-system fragment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-partial-directory-trees-344admbl.png Figure 1: Examples of partial directory trees. https://scispace.com/papers/reasoning-of-motion-through-task-order-for-teaching-by-non-3943vat8yg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-initial-probabilities-and-certainties-3kkk8pd0.png TABLE II. INITIAL PROBABILITIES AND CERTAINTIES https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-production-rules-472418bk.png TABLE I. PRODUCTION RULES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-concept-of-reasoning-3fsffowu.png Figure 3. Concept of reasoning https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-beneficial-training-data-1b91qino.png TABLE V. BENEFICIAL TRAINING DATA https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-results-of-learning-27w3g320.png TABLE IV. RESULTS OF LEARNING https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effictiveness-of-one-learning-3d8e2app.png Figure 5. Effictiveness of one learning https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-reason-of-impossible-task-3uywrjon.png TABLE III. REASON OF IMPOSSIBLE TASK https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-framework-of-task-31u6e7yt.png Figure 1. Framework of task https://scispace.com/papers/reasoning-about-irrational-actions-when-intentional-3u9ffvstzh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observers-answers-to-the-question-what-was-the-1t8rcld0.png Table 1 Observers’ answers to the question ‘What was the character’s (Tim’s) intention?’, Exp. 1. Representative examples of answers coded as external goals and movement-based goals, from participants in the objects-absent and objects-present conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-goals-inferred-in-the-unintentional-movement-condition-q7ie5uld.png Fig. 5. Goals inferred in the unintentional movement condition (left) and intentional movement condition (right), Exp. 2. Despite the fact that observers all saw the exact same sequence of movements, observers in the unintentional condition never inferred movement-based goals, whereas those in the intentional movement condition frequently inferred movement-based goals. Because some participants inferred multiple alternative goals, percentages sum to greater than 100%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-observers-answers-to-the-question-what-was-the-2xkveh03.png Table 2 Observers’ answers to the question ‘What was the character’s (Tim’s) intention?’, Exp. 3. Representative examples of answers coded as external goals and movement-based goals from participants in each of the five conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-goals-inferred-in-the-objects-present-condition-left-3dv1hcbh.png Fig. 2. Goals inferred in the objects-present condition (left) and objects-absent condition (right), Exp. 1. Despite the fact that observers all saw the exact same sequence of movements, observers in the objects-present condition always inferred external goals, whereas those in the objects-absent condition frequently inferred movement-based goals, as well as goals potentially related to the idea that movement is the goal, i.e. as higher-level goals that are achieved through movement-based goals (e.g. dancing). Because some participants inferred multiple alternative goals, percentages sum to greater than 100%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-method-and-stimuli-exp-2-in-both-the-intentional-and-3bcav65n.png Fig. 4. Method and stimuli, Exp. 2. In both the intentional and unintentional movement conditions, the character moved up, left (and back to center), up, right, up, and left, after which participants were asked to describe his intention. In a subsequent second video, participants were shown the character’s next actions, consisting of a movement up and either a leftward or rightward movement, and asked whether this was what they had expected to happen next. Rightward movement was consistent with continuing the movement pattern. Leftward motion violated the movement pattern. Lastly participants were asked an additional control question, ‘‘What was the character keeping secret?’’, to test if movement-based answers were due to uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-stimulus-videos-of-the-five-between-subject-conditions-1lw8vqcg.png Fig. 6. Stimulus videos of the five between-subject conditions, Exp. 3. Arrows represent character’s path of movement. Ghosted character represents the character’s location in the final frame. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-predictions-and-results-exp-3-a-predictions-regarding-14849nlz.png Fig. 7. Predictions and results, Exp. 3. (a) Predictions regarding the rate of inferring movement-based goals in the toward–only (T–O), toward–away (T–A), toward–away–toward (T–A–T), toward–away–toward–away (T–A–T–A), and toward–away–toward–away–toward (T–A–T–A–T) conditions, according to the four alternative hypotheses (see text). (b) Results: predicted only by the inefficiency account. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-participants-predictions-of-the-characters-next-action-1me8kugd.png Fig. 3. Participants’ predictions of the character’s next action, as a function of the goal each participant inferred, Exp. 1. Participants’ predictions of the character’s next movements differed as a function of the type of goal they had inferred, even for participants who had seen the exact same stimuli: those who inferred movement-based goals expected the same movement pattern to continue, whereas those who inferred external goals did not make this prediction, both in the objects-present and objects-absent condition. https://scispace.com/papers/reasons-for-substance-use-among-people-with-psychotic-nna1gs8szw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-patterns-of-reasons-for-tobacco-alcohol-and-cannabis-16xv3r4r.png Fig. 1. Patterns of reasons for tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use among people with psychotic disorders. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-scheffe-follow-up-contrasts-n-64-1fgxk6zn.png Table 3. Scheffé follow-up contrasts (n = 64). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-superordinate-and-subordinate-themes-identified-in-2lis2v1x.png Table 4. Superordinate and subordinate themes identified in the qualitative data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-current-substance-use-among-people-with-psychotic-12yaww1q.png Table 1. Current substance use among people with psychotic disorders. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-ftnd-audit-and-cudit-scores-among-current-users-1xyf14xs.png Table 2. Mean FTND, AUDIT and CUDIT scores among current users. https://scispace.com/papers/reasons-for-seagrass-optimism-local-ecological-knowledge-um4wefms07 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nature-of-dugong-encounters-where-details-were-2tcswrz2.png Table 1. Nature of dugong encounters where details were provided. The result of 64 sightings were provided, for the remaining 36 sightings, respondents chose not to elaborate on the result of their dugong encounter. *Percentages are shown for those sightings where further details were available. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-decadal-dugong-observations-in-the-wakatobi-22kdxbsx.png Figure 1. Decadal dugong observations in the Wakatobi National Park, SE Sulawesi, Indonesia. Green dots indicate locations of dugong observations. Note: Several observations included more than one dugong sighting and multiple observations were made at some locations. Green areas are islands https://scispace.com/papers/rebalancing-society-learning-from-the-experience-of-latin-3p27ndn94o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-interviewed-progressive-leaders-3b3plwzg.png Table 1: Interviewed progressive leaders https://scispace.com/papers/recalcitrant-pemphigus-vulgaris-aseptic-meningitis-4kt4ip66at 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-and-b-after-treatment-with-rituximab-1s4qsvvl.png Figure 2 (a) and (b) After treatment with rituximab https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-and-b-pemphigus-vulgaris-lesions-on-the-face-497togc2.png Figure 1 (a) and (b) Pemphigus vulgaris: lesions on the face despite combination therapy https://scispace.com/papers/rebar-corrosion-in-mortars-with-high-limestone-filler-1dm4jycjmg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sem-micrographs-of-rebars-from-mortars-elaborated-3d07t9yl.png Figure 7 SEM micrographs of rebars from mortars elaborated with Portland cement with limestone filler https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-rn-value-as-a-function-of-the-exposure-time-2495ly0x.png Figure 5 Rn value as a function of the exposure time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rebar-corrosion-potential-as-a-function-of-time-in-l5gsto4k.png Figure 1 Rebar corrosion potential as a function of time in different electrolytes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sem-micrographs-of-rebars-from-mortars-elaborated-24tvlxah.png Figure 6 SEM micrographs of rebars from mortars elaborated with OPC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sem-micrographs-of-rebars-from-mortars-elaborated-1nzxbmd6.png Figure 8 SEM micrographs of rebars from mortars elaborated with Portland cement with limestone filler https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sem-micrographs-of-rebars-from-mortars-elaborated-192secvy.png Figure 9 SEM micrographs of rebars from mortars elaborated with Portland cement with limestone filler https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-chemical-analysis-of-cements-employed-in-this-253k3d1a.png Table I Chemical analysis of cements employed in this research https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rebar-corrosion-rate-as-a-function-of-time-in-2af7w48q.png Figure 2 Rebar corrosion rate as a function of time in different electrolytes https://scispace.com/papers/recalibration-of-a-wall-current-monitor-using-a-faraday-cup-ju4ammyatf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-layout-of-the-experimental-set-up-and-the-116ojd4a.png Figure 2: Schematic layout of the experimental set-up and the beam line for the sectors A and B at the injector linac. https://scispace.com/papers/receiver-controlled-medium-access-in-multihop-ad-hoc-4o0ae7qi5d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scheduling-in-manhattan-networks-r-1-1r9pww7e.png Figure 2: Scheduling in Manhattan networks - R = 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-throughput-vs-offered-load-n-100-r-1-2b6jcltm.png Figure 5: Throughput vs. Offered Load - N=100, R=1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-delay-vs-offered-load-n-100-r-1-3ojkcht9.png Figure 6: Delay vs. Offered Load - N=100, R=1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-manhattan-network-3vjnuk50.png Figure 1: The Manhattan Network https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scheduling-in-manhattan-networks-r-2-1xsw5wnd.png Figure 3: Scheduling in Manhattan networks - R = 2 https://scispace.com/papers/receding-horizon-climate-control-in-metal-mine-extraction-1mzlt3ph5c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-results-for-underestimated-prediction-and-used-2wxa6xc5.png Fig. 10. Results for underestimated prediction and used strategies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-simulation-with-pi-for-reference-0-028-3prf5c3p.png Fig. 11. Simulation with PI for reference 0.028 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulation-withn-50-nu-2-l-1e-3-378tyldc.png Fig. 5. Simulation withN = 50; Nu = 2; λ = 1e− 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-constrained-case-simulation-withl-10-3-2bvffjmp.png Fig. 8. Constrained case - Simulation withλ = 10−3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulation-withn-50-nu-5-l-10-5-1v8u71pc.png Fig. 6. Simulation withN = 50; Nu = 5; λ = 10−5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-control-laws-fornu-2-andnu-5-kkgwvjcr.png Fig. 7. Comparison of control laws forNu = 2 andNu = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-constrained-case-simulation-withl-10-5-3764n65x.png Fig. 9. Constrained case - Simulation withλ = 10−5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-stratification-and-sigmoid-description-in-extraction-2ctxf9jf.png Fig. 1. Stratification and sigmoid description in extraction rooms. https://scispace.com/papers/receiver-based-optimization-for-video-delivery-over-wireless-2kyho7kwz6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-receiver-based-optimization-1oh91fcn.png Fig. 1. Receiver based Optimization https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distortion-vs-probability-of-not-freezing-during-a9e1msgs.png Fig. 3. Distortion vs. Probability of not freezing during playout. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distortion-vs-time-to-freeze-tradeoff-2qg85o6i.png Fig. 2. Distortion vs. Time to Freeze tradeoff https://scispace.com/papers/recent-advancement-in-biosensors-technology-for-animal-and-1hu3afaou0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-environmental-and-farm-management-practices-1r4vvb5e.png Figure 4. Environmental and farm management practices affecting fish health. 539 Source: (Ingram et al., 2005) 540 541 542 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-overview-of-the-key-components-of-3ozf2lxt.png Figure 3. Schematic overview of the key components of Precision Livestock Farming to 446 control biological processes. Source: (Wathes et al., 2008) Reprinted with permission from 447 Elsevier Ltd. 448 449 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-techniques-used-for-the-detection-of-porcine-qj07ne10.png Table 1. Techniques used for the detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome 717 virus 718 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-platform-for-gathering-information-from-different-3kqgr337.png Figure 6. Platform for gathering information from different blocks on bee activity, bee 868 trajectories and weather. The platform also allows for sharing of information with the 869 beehive monitoring system. Source: (Chiron et al., 2013). 870 871 9.3. Bioacoustic monitoring of poultry using biosensors 872 873 Livestock farming and production do not simply target economic goals, but food quality, safety, 874 broiler production efficiency and sustainability (Berckmans, 2006). For these purposes, a 875 growing need emerges in livestock farming, particularly in chicken farming, to monitor and 876 assess the animals’ health, activity and welfare in real time, efficiently and economically. 877 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-biosensor-transducers-and-applications-1009-g03ul3vp.png Table 3. Biosensor Transducers and Applications 1009 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-environmental-and-socio-ehh802wh.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of environmental and socio-economic factors impacting 94 future food production. Source: Force et al., (2015). 95 96 97 The market for point-of-care testing in veterinary diagnostics is expected to increase at a 98 compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18%, reaching US$6.71 Billion by 2021. Novel 99 diagnostic tools and disease modelling will enable decision-making and investigate the rapid 100 diagnosis of epidemic and emerging diseases of farmed animals. The nanotechnology approach 101 in developing biosensing tools offers direct benefits through simpler testing, smaller size, greater 102 accuracy, faster results, and faster responses to key health threats in the farm animal sector. 103 104 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-biosensor-applications-in-animal-health-monitoring-3hcae97l.png Table 2. Biosensor applications in animal health monitoring 1006 https://scispace.com/papers/receiver-driven-adaptive-enhancement-layer-switching-1dduakh07k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-and-b-simulation-results-for-different-average-g6q8f167.png Fig. 2. (a) and (b):Simulation results for different average channel SNRs of Rayleigh channel. (c):Performance sensitivity at average channel SNR . (a) PSNR. (b) FDR. (c) Performance sensitivity to . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-architecture-w0c0jirm.png Fig. 1. System architecture. https://scispace.com/papers/recent-advances-and-future-of-immunotherapy-for-glioblastoma-3zpo5d5d16 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-showing-factors-that-impact-vaccination-1pkk8tbu.png Figure 2: Schematic showing factors that impact vaccination strategy for glioblastoma: (1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-role-of-gbm-cells-in-the-generation-and-380s0eyw.png Figure 1: Role of GBM cells in the generation and maintainance of the immunosuppressive https://scispace.com/papers/recent-accumulation-rates-of-an-alpine-glacier-derived-from-1t9g3a7cbk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ground-penetrating-radar-profile-at-firn-core-1-fig-2sg0haj2.png Figure 4. Ground penetrating radar profile at firn core 1 (Fig. 1), the measured vertical profiles of density, transformed to the travel-time domain, with marked melt layers (orange) and dust layers (yellow), ammonium (NH+ 4 ) and sulfate (SO2− 4 ) concentrations, and the water stable isotope ratio (δD). Grey bars represent summer surfaces. For comparison, density, NH+ 4 and δD are shown for firn core 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-layer-water-equivalents-a-and-densities-b-at-firn-3rxrzwfv.png Figure 8. Layer water equivalents (a) and densities (b) at firn core 1, derived from GPR, directly from the firn core, and modelled using the hypothetical travel time obtained from the firn core layer water equivalent and density. Error bars show the uncertainty derived from variations in the initial density ρf(0, td). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-findelengletscher-with-the-set-up-of-annual-mass-2lbfhj1p.png Figure 1. Findelengletscher with the set-up of annual mass balance measurements. The mean equilibrium line altitude (ELA), the firn core locations, and all analysed GPR profiles measured in 2012, as well as the locations used for the model calibration are shown. The overview map shows its location within the European Alps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-average-water-equivalents-of-annual-layers-3qzzcesn.png Figure 5. (a) Average water equivalents of annual layers derived by GPR and by extrapolated glaciological field measurements at locations where all four summer layers could be extracted from the GPR signal. Error bars show the uncertainty from the initial density ρf(0, td). (b) Mean layer densities, the related uncertainty and data range for the same locations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-annual-accumulation-layer-water-equivalent-m-fpah8h0h.png Figure 6. Annual accumulation layer water equivalent (m) derived along the GPR profiles (highlighted in black) for 2008–2011. For visualisation, the water equivalent was interpolated by inverse linear distance weighting, restricted to the 400 m surrounding of all GPR data points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optimal-scaling-f-of-the-compaction-rate-eqs-2-and-cvnybnc6.png Figure 3. Optimal scaling f of the compaction rate (Eqs. 2 and 3) as a function of the initial model density ρf(0, td)= 492 kgm −3, found by comparing 35 modelled and measured changes in IRH travel times at locations where GPR repeat measurements are available in 2012 and 2013. The shading shows the root mean square deviation (RMSD) while the line provides the optimal relation. The horizontal error bar shows the uncertainty in the initial model density. The related uncertainty in f is indicated with black markers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-processed-gpr-profile-exemplarily-showing-irhs-xbkst9c3.png Figure 2. Processed GPR profile exemplarily showing IRHs within the firn in the accumulation area of Findelengletscher. Red lines highlight potential previous summer surfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-gpr-derived-mean-annual-layer-water-1ztgzyyl.png Figure 7. Comparison of GPR-derived mean annual layer water equivalents with (a) extrapolated mass balance measurements and (b) winter precipitation sums (October–April) at the weather station of Zermatt (1638 ma.s.l.). With the correct layer chronology obtained from firn cores (red dots), the high accumulation and winter precipitation in 2009 are reproduced. A misinterpretation of an IRH within the 2009 accumulation layer disturbs the chronology and affects all following layers (black circles, connected to the original values by stippled lines). https://scispace.com/papers/recent-advances-and-perspectives-on-starch-nanocomposites-4uh3ruxj0n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-diagram-of-chemical-structures-of-starch-a-2v7zykt1.png Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of chemical structures of starch: (a) amylose and (b) amylopectin [8] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-wvp-of-tps-at-different-loadings-of-cnts-ocnts-and-9k6j1ttg.png Fig. 14 WVP of TPS at different loadings of CNTs, OCNTs and RCNTs [73]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-migration-rates-of-starch-based-films-at-different-12zy1o6v.png Table 3 Migration rates of starch-based films at different temperatures [91] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-industrial-applications-for-polymer-use-2-2dursffj.png Fig. 1 Industrial applications for polymer use [2] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-effect-of-filler-content-on-s-tensile-strength-b-2ds282f7.png Fig. 12 Effect of filler content on (s) tensile strength, (b) Young's modulus, and (c) elongation at break for TPS nanocomposites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-diagram-of-processing-tps-by-extrusion-12-7i0pzq5h.png Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of processing TPS by extrusion [12] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-tem-and-b-sem-micrographs-for-exfoliated-structures-2oo5w8ia.png Fig. 7 (a) TEM and (b) SEM micrographs for exfoliated structures of starch/10 wt% MMT nanocomposites [42] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-tensile-strength-of-tps-nanocomposites-at-different-3vh7dhc9.png Fig. 13 Tensile strength of TPS nanocomposites at different water contents according to different loadings of (a) citric acid pea starch (CAPS) nanoparticles and (b) citric acid rice starch (CARS) nanoparticles [68]. https://scispace.com/papers/recent-advances-and-challenges-in-the-design-of-organic-2tl71l3yp2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-chemical-structures-of-a-eto-ps-and-eto-ms-and-2a7ig9rc.png Figure 2. Chemical structures of a) EtO-Ps and EtO-Ms and their derivatives and b) the triphenylamine sulfonium salt derivatives. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-photolysis-of-photochromic-merocyanine-based-pag-3arfyv1o.png Figure 4. a) Photolysis of photochromic merocyanine-based PAG. b) ROP mechanism of the -VL during a switch on or off period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-chemical-structures-of-a-thiophene-containing-oxime-2v9nln42.png Figure 3. Chemical structures of a) thiophene-containing oxime sulfonates and b) bis-naphthalimide derivatives proposed by Ober et al. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-photolysis-of-qas-b-examples-of-qas-34rjlean.png Figure 5. a) Photolysis of QAs. b) Examples of QAs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-structure-of-carboxylate-functional-cbbz298r.png Table 1. Chemical structure of carboxylate functional chromophores used for the preparation of PBG salts and the corresponding photochemical properties. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-photolysis-of-bph4-salt-photocaging-a-series-of-xzj2a65y.png Figure 6. Photolysis of BPh4- salt photocaging a series of bases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemical-structures-of-a-coumarin-based-iodonium-7zcbyccv.png Figure 1. Chemical structures of a) coumarin-based iodonium salt and b) iodonium salt linked to a naphthalimide chromophore. https://scispace.com/papers/recent-advances-in-bioactive-1d-and-2d-carbon-nanomaterials-2yaydoxiwt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-graphene-nanoribbon-formation-from-mwcnts-that-are-34uxfs56.png Figure 4. Graphene nanoribbon formation from MWCNTs that are embedded in PMMA and then treated with an Ar plasma. Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: [Nature],44 Copyright (2009). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effects-of-1d-and-2d-carbon-nanomaterials-and-29ft2qi7.png Table 2 The effects of 1D and 2D carbon nanomaterials and their functionalization types and dosage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-sem-micrographs-left-and-confocal-3d-2j77a72i.png Figure 7. (A) SEM micrographs (left) and confocal 3D reconstruction (right) of MWCNT meshes. (B) Spinal organotypic slices cultured in control and 3D CNF (carbon nanotube frame) at day 14 (βIII tubulin: red, neurofilament H: green, Nuclei (DAPI): blue). Reprinted with permission from AAAS.161 Copyright (2016). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-techniques-currently-3aam1ce1.png Table 1 Advantages and disadvantages of techniques currently used to produce graphene.40,50 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-definition-of-the-roll-up-vector-as-linear-h23pik9g.png Figure 1. Definition of the roll-up vector as linear combinations of the base vectors a1 and a2 for SWCNTs. Image reproduced with permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry.18 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-covalent-functionalization-of-cnts-oxidation-a-and-3o7e0pct.png Figure 5. Covalent functionalization of CNTs; oxidation (A) and further esterification and amidation reactions (B), 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition (C), nitrene cycloaddition (D), carbine cycloaddition (E) and radical addition of aryl diazonium salt (F). Images reprinted and adapted with permission from The Royal Society of Chemistry.18,71 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-graphene-family-few-layered-graphene-a-graphene-212jzg9s.png Figure 2. The graphene family: few-layered graphene (A), graphene nanosheet (B), GO (C), and rGO (D). Image reproduced with permission of Springer.34 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-schematic-representation-of-go-induced-fluorescence-15pgr4zy.png Figure 9. Schematic representation of GO-induced fluorescence quenching of molecular beacon-QDs and biosensing mechanism. Reprinted (adapted) with permission from American Chemical Society.198 Copyright (2010). https://scispace.com/papers/recent-advances-in-durability-and-damage-tolerance-su1l0hhnbo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-variation-in-local-dctod-with-applied-constant-r-2swxuu2q.png Figure 11: Variation in local ΔCTOD with applied constant R load reduction procedure at three through thickness positions (surface (6.35 mm), intermediate (4.4mm) and mid-surface (0.0 mm)) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ata-coded-breakdown-of-us-transport-airplane-3bgsur64.png Figure 1: ATA Coded Breakdown of US Transport Airplane Accidents due to Mechanical Malfunctions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ultimate-load-test-of-stitched-resin-film-infused-1fdqnk6u.png Figure 6: Ultimate Load Test of Stitched/Resin Film Infused Composite Wingbox https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-laminated-composite-lug-failure-on-aa-flight-587-2xzrmqq3.png Figure 7: Laminated Composite Lug Failure on AA flight 587 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-finite-element-model-for-delamination-growth-2fw9pl47.png Figure 13: Finite Element Model for Delamination Growth Assessment in Skin-Stiffened Panel https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-impact-damage-characterization-for-sandwich-pjx5xs2b.png Figure 17: Impact Damage Characterization for Sandwich Composites https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ata-component-codes-for-us-airplane-accidents-by-3lcqc5eg.png Figure 2: ATA Component Codes for US Airplane Accidents by Mechanical Causes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-failure-of-x-33-sandwich-composite-liquid-hydrogen-oo95yeod.png Figure 8: Failure of X-33 Sandwich-Composite Liquid Hydrogen Tank https://scispace.com/papers/recent-advances-in-growth-research-nutritional-molecular-and-aosk035h17 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-serum-amino-acid-aa-concentrations-in-infants-aged-6-259ml7ww.png Table 2. Serum amino acid (AA) concentrations in infants aged 6 months fed HP and LP formula, and in breastfed infants (BF) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-early-protein-hypothesis-suggests-that-a-dietary-2dh6mqxi.png Fig. 3. The Early Protein Hypothesis suggests that a dietary protein supply to infants in excess of their metabolic requirements will lead to increased plasma and tissue concentrations of insulin- releasing amino acids and an enhanced secretion of insulin and IGF- I, which in turn will enhance early weight gain, adipogenic activity and long- term obesity risk. Redrawn after Koletzko et al. [23]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bmi-sds-from-birth-to-age-2-years-in-subjects-afo92284.png Fig. 4. BMI SDS from birth to age 2 years in subjects participating in the European Childhood Obesity Project fed breast milk, or randomized to receive for the first year of life formulas with LP or HP contents. Formula- fed infants in the HP group showed higher BMI values than breastfed infants in infancy and at 2 years of age. The group randomized to LP had significantly lower BMI levels than the HP group, and LP normalized BMI levels at age 2 years as compared to breastfed subjects. Drawn from data of Koletzko et al. [24]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-at-the-age-of-6-months-total-igf-i-log-scale-is-a-1ildesnq.png Fig. 5. At the age of 6 months, total IGF- I (log scale) is a significant predictor of weightfor- length (WFL) SDS in 513 infants participating in the European Childhood Obesity Trial (rho = 0.24, p < 0.001). Drawn from data of Socha et al. [70]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rapid-weight-gain-in-infancy-or-the-first-2-years-of-3vd36pp2.png Fig. 1. Rapid weight gain in infancy or the first 2 years of life, defined as an increase in weight- for- age SDS >0.67 SD, is associated with increased odds of obesity in children, teenagers and adults. Redrawn from Adair [33] based on data in Baird et al. [29]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-serum-concentrations-of-free-and-total-igf-i-igf-bp2-2jgmbd14.png Table 3. Serum concentrations of free and total IGF- I IGF- BP2 and IGF- BP3, glucose and urea, and of urinary C- peptide in infants on LP and HP and in BF infants https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-macronutrient-and-amino-acid-content-of-study-3huswld4.png Table 1. Macronutrient and amino acid content of study formulas with LP and HP used in the European Childhood Obesity Trial https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-in-a-cross-sectional-study-in-9000-bavarian-children-3cd0u7ie.png Fig. 2. In a cross- sectional study in >9,000 Bavarian children at school entry, longer duration of breastfeeding after birth (months) was associated with increasingly reduced odds of overweight (black) and obesity (white). Drawn from data of von Kries et al. [51]. https://scispace.com/papers/recent-advances-in-ecological-stoichiometry-insights-for-3turwfk5i7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-recent-studies-not-cited-by-sterner-and-elser-2002-28rvcba7.png Table 1. Recent studies (not cited by Sterner and Elser 2002) on population and community processes affected by stoichiometric mechanisms. The term ‘‘treatment’’ covers experimental manipulations, observed variations in nature, or changes in model parameters. Although the notation of ratios is standardized as nutrient:C (rather than C:nutrient) in the main text, in order to correlate positively with resource quality, we have kept the authors’ original notation of ratios in the table. https://scispace.com/papers/recent-advances-in-mathematical-modeling-and-statistical-48ofv3yapf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-predicted-relation-between-ca2-influx-q-and-2opvrix6.png Figure 4: Predicted relation between Ca2+ influx Q and exocytosis ∆Cm in the presence (dashed curve) or absence (solid curve) of pool depletion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-overview-of-the-hybrid-experimental-modeling-2kuy4l8u.png Figure 2: An overview of the hybrid experimental-modeling approach [67]. Recorded spiking (A) or bursting (B) electrical activity (upper row) was used to calculate stochastic single channel currents iCa (second row), which were used to simulate [Ca2+] at different distances from the channels (third row). The Ca2+ traces at different distances were then fed into a model of exocytosis to calculate secretion (lower). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-simulation-of-ca2-as-function-of-the-distance-24knkm6p.png Figure 1: A) Simulation of [Ca2+] as function of the distance from three open Ca2+-channels, viewed as section through the cell (upper) or facing the cell (lower). B) Evolution of [Ca2+] over time and distance along the plasma membrane. C) Average [Ca2+] over time in a circle centered at the channel cluster with radius 150 nm (blue), or consecutive annuli with outer radius of 300 nm (green), 500 nm (red), 750 nm (light blue). D-F) as in panels A-C, but convolved with the parameters of the imaging system and the Ca2+ sensor. Note that because of saturation of the Ca2+ sensor, in panel F the amplitudes are more similar than in panel C, but differences in risetime remain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-overview-of-the-main-mechanisms-underlying-glucagon-1a6vzn4l.png Figure 5: Overview of the main mechanisms underlying glucagon secretion from α-cells in response to glucose and hormones considered in the model [85]. Box A: Ion channels determining α-cell electrical activity. Box B: Ca2+influx through P/Q- and L-type Ca2+ channels involved in exocytosis, Ca2+ diffusion and Ca2+ uptake from endoplasmic reticulum. Box C: Inhibition of glucagon secretion by GLP-1 and stimulation of release by adrenaline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relation-between-ca2-concentration-and-exocytosis-3aq9wdt4.png Figure 3: Relation between Ca2+ concentration and exocytosis. The curve corresponds to the sigmoidal relation between Ca2+ levels and exocytosis in β-cells, which can be described by a Hill function with KD = 17.3 µM and Hill coefficient n = 5 [38]. The red dashed lines show the relative amount of exocytosis that can be expected from granules located in Ca2+ microdomains and exposed to 30 µM Ca2+. These granules will exocytose with rate equal to 94% of their maximal rate. If for example 1/6 of the Ca2+ channels are open, this would give a whole-cell exocytosis rate Rc of ∼16% of the maximal rate (cf. Eq. 8). If in contrast the average microdomain Ca2+ contration of 1/6 ·30 µM = 5 µM was used to calculate whole-cell exocytosis using Eq. 6, one finds that exocytosis is virtually absent (R̃c = 0.2% of maximal whole-cell exocytosis, blue dashed curves). https://scispace.com/papers/recent-advances-in-hypernasal-speech-detection-using-the-17m1higjyq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correct-identi-cation-rates-for-i-2w2eis9z.png Figure 4: Correct identi cation rates for /i/. https://scispace.com/papers/recent-advances-in-nanotechnology-2km5bk7rkf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ultra-web-r-nanofiber-produced-on-a-sem-1pimpsn5.png Fig. 4 Ultra-Web(R) nanofiber produced on a SEM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-smallest-guitar-about-the-size-of-a-human-blood-cell-18wp87b2.png Fig. 5 Smallest guitar, about the size of a human blood cell, carved out of crystalline silicon https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-first-atomic-scale-images-of-nanocrystals-1i5gys77.png Fig. 1 The first atomic-scale images of nanocrystals https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sem-of-vapor-grown-carbon-fibres-3v57w1vk.png Fig. 3 SEM of vapor grown carbon fibres; https://scispace.com/papers/recent-advances-in-surface-plasmon-resonance-for-biosensing-3lwjsup263 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-reflectance-spectra-as-a-function-of-incident-angle-wr2w7uq8.png Fig 2: Reflectance spectra as a function of incident angle (θinc) at the prism-metal interface https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-a-schematic-diagram-showing-the-principle-of-2b93dko5.png Figure 16: A schematic diagram showing the principle of optical micro/nanofiber (OMNF)based localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensor [98]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-schematic-of-fluid-handling-system-a-and-sensor-23vsw2vy.png Figure 8: Schematic of fluid handling system (a) and sensor measurement procedure (b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-schematic-configuration-of-the-designed-graphene-2o8k2iuy.png Figure 13: Schematic configuration of the designed graphene/MoS2 nanolayers on 45 nm gold sensing substrate for protein detection [89]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-designs-and-sensing-results-of-graphene-gold-26hlosvk.png Figure 14: Designs and sensing results of graphene–gold metasurface architectures [90]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-amine-based-coupling-chemistry-3hzj0igi.png Figure 4: Amine based coupling chemistry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-snapshot-of-spr-measurement-set-up-3jn35g2g.png Figure 7: Snapshot of SPR measurement set up https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-sample-id-with-specifications-1hpgbsrl.png Table II: Sample ID with Specifications https://scispace.com/papers/recent-advances-in-optimized-geophysical-survey-design-4jksjaubm9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3a-shows-a-schlumberger-electrode-configuration-the-2ozeztk3.png Figure 3a shows a Schlumberger electrode configuration. The easuring dipole is centered in the configuration, and the two elecrodes, where current is injected, are each deployed at a distance r rom the center. Schlumberger experimental design thus consists of https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cat-studies-and-a-geophysical-a-2ubeatae.png Table 1. Cat studies and a geophysical a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5b-shows-the-eigenvalue-spectra-of-ftf-the-data-bh5ekg9z.png Figure 5b shows the eigenvalue spectra of FTF the data covarince matrix CD 1 is assumed to be a unity matrix in this example for https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5a-illustrates-a-simple-seismic-experiment-to-resolve-cg7w5zs3.png Figure 5b shows the eigenvalue spectra of FTF the data covarince matrix CD 1 is assumed to be a unity matrix in this example for https://scispace.com/papers/recent-advances-on-asymmetric-nitroso-aldol-reaction-fdvtscif83 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-transition-states-for-catalysts-83-85-and-86-3ltyznl6.png Figure 6. Transition states for catalysts 83, 85 and 86 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-binaphthyl-derived-organocatalysts-1fc1ppt5.png Figure 5. Binaphthyl-derived organocatalysts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-organocatalysts-used-in-nitroso-aldol-reactions-of-12g3wk6n.png Figure 7. Organocatalysts used in nitroso aldol reactions of oxindoles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-co-catalysts-for-the-proline-catalyzed-a-3sv4tmje.png Figure 4. Co-catalysts for the proline-catalyzed α-Aminoxylation reaction of aldehydes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pyrrolidine-sulfonamides-3glimt4j.png Figure 4. Co-catalysts for the proline-catalyzed α-Aminoxylation reaction of aldehydes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-catalysts-for-the-reaction-between-enamines-and-4q823h5u.png Figure 8. Catalysts for the reaction between enamines and nitroso compounds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-substituted-l-prolines-1d0hx5th.png Figure 3. 4-substituted L-prolines https://scispace.com/papers/recent-advances-on-the-interval-distance-geometry-problem-41tuzjf1gv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-reference-vertices-a-b-and-c-induce-a-system-of-3urwwvgx.png Fig. 3 The reference vertices a, b and c induce a system of coordinates https://scispace.com/papers/recent-development-of-collective-thomson-scattering-for-3sl4brx4g0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-of-inferred-projected-fast-ion-velocity-2hxkua2e.png Figure 5. Example of inferred projected fast-ion velocity distribution for injection of 60 keV ions (NBI Q3, blue) and 93 keV ions (NBI Q8, red) at ASDEX Upgrade. Figure modified from [9]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-measured-cts-spectra-for-different-main-ion-1qfrcokv.png Figure 4. Measured CTS spectra for different main ion composition with a resolved wave vector close to perpendicular to B. For no He3 (green) the peaks separated by the hydrogen cyclotron frequency (41 MHz) are clearly seen. As the He3 concentration is increased the complexity of the recorded spectra rises. Figure modified from [14]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-geometry-of-injected-o-mode-gyrotron-beam-blue-3d1fmiq3.png Figure 2. left: geometry of injected O-mode gyrotron beam (blue) and the trajectory of the wall reflected X-mode fraction. The reflected beam propagates past the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) and stops at the upper hybrid resonance where mode conversion and parametric decay can occur. Right: Corresponding measured spectrum (cross). The sum and difference between the gyrotron frequency and the predicted lower hybrid wave frequency (0.85 GHz) are represented by the dotted lines, and the solid black line marks the gyrotron frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-inferred-ion-temperature-and-drift-duyu6n9x.png Figure 3. Example of inferred ion temperature and drift velocity from CTS and Charge exchange recombination spectroscopy. Q3 marks the NBI source 3 (60 keV) and Q8 marks the NBI source 8 (90 keV). Figure modified from [15]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-scattering-geometry-for-cts-at-asdex-2sz5gnjb.png Figure 1. Example of scattering geometry for CTS at ASDEX Upgrade.The difference between the k-vectors defines kδ, the resolved direction. Figure modified from [8] . https://scispace.com/papers/recent-changes-in-the-japanese-wholesale-system-and-the-52yovjwlxj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proportion-of-outlets-and-sales-for-wholesale-316ugngl.png Figure 1: Proportion of Outlets and Sales for Wholesale Outlets by Number of Employees, 2004 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-largest-six-sogo-shosha-by-group-income-2006-3ey6x6zw.png Table 1: The largest six Sogo Shosha by Group Income, 2006 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-list-of-main-retail-interests-for-leading-sogo-bd8j480n.png Table 3: List of main retail interests for leading Sogo Shosha https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-leading-food-wholesale-companies-in-japan-2005-t9o6rsyo.png Table 2: Leading food wholesale companies in Japan, 2005 https://scispace.com/papers/recent-developments-in-automated-lip-reading-1ozrf4kdze 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-relative-angle-of-each-camera-to-the-speakers-3lomcjd9.png Figure 1. Left Relative angle of each camera to the speakers face. From left to right are cropped-out frames recorded by cameras placed on each of the 0, 30, and 45◦angles related to the speakers face. On the right are zooms of the mouth region showing motion blur and interlace “zippering” https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-system-performance-with-conventional-ml-generative-2ljmghsl.png Table 3. System performance with conventional ML generative training and MPE discriminative training. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-example-frames-showing-different-city-names-that-3eyltj7o.png Figure 11. Example frames showing different city names that were visually spotted by the SP-Hypertree system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sample-frames-from-part-2-of-the-dataset-recorded-7h160kf5.png Figure 2. Sample frames from Part 2 of the dataset recorded. This video involves two subjects engaged in conversation filmed using a hand-held camera. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-word-accuracy-with-three-different-language-models-2bct61va.png Table 6. Word accuracy with three different language models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-viseme-confusion-matrix-when-using-ml-training-the-m7sz0y4l.png Table 4. Viseme confusion matrix when using ML training. The first column denotes true viseme classes, and the first row denotes predicted classes. The overall viseme accuracy is 45.55%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-viseme-confusion-matrix-using-mpe-training-the-first-2d5wpey2.png Table 5. Viseme confusion matrix using MPE training. The first column denotes true viseme classes, and the first row denotes predicted classes. The overall viseme accuracy is 48.89%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-an-example-of-an-sp-hypertree-for-discirminating-1ldwtmz2.png Figure 9. An example of an SP-Hypertree for discirminating between “Wintonbury”, “Tonville” and “Kingston” https://scispace.com/papers/recent-developments-in-inelastic-electron-nucleon-scattering-3m7qkrxemb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-1e1b13c3.png Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-34o1rbol.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/papers/recent-developments-in-quantitative-sers-moving-towards-25s6yksi66 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-use-of-isotopologues-for-absolute-124e3m70.png Figure 2 The use of isotopologues for absolute quantification using codeine-d6 as an example. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-standard-addition-method-sam-for-absolute-20r70uil.png Figure 3 The standard addition method (SAM) for absolute quantification. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-terms-and-criteria-used-to-assess-a-models-ability-2klj41tl.png Table 1. Terms and criteria used to assess a model’s ability to quantify a target determinand accurately https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-common-multivariate-chemometric-methods-used-for-1lmabdoe.png Table 2 Common multivariate chemometric methods used for quantification of target analytes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-biomarker-discovery-pipeline-this-starts-with-glewpou1.png Figure 1 The biomarker discovery pipeline. This starts with the discovery of a https://scispace.com/papers/recent-developments-in-the-production-of-liquid-fuels-via-12ixkx8fwu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-typical-reaction-network-of-pt-bi-c-catalyzed-1usmajnx.png Fig. 7 (a) Typical reaction network of Pt–Bi/C-catalyzed glycerol oxidation. (b) Proposed mechanism of selective deactivation induced by glyceric acid.130 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-biofuels-production-worldwide-1-1hrn03ko.png Fig. 1 Biofuels production worldwide.1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-methods-used-in-the-preparation-of-biodiesel-from-3s3le92x.png Fig. 6 Methods used in the preparation of biodiesel from algal biomass: extraction–transesterification and direct transesterification. Modified from Ref. 113. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-product-yields-after-catalytic-cracking-results-for-2oqaokgb.png Fig. 11 Product yields after catalytic cracking. Results for experiments denoted as ‘‘extrapolated’’ are theoretical yields obtained when extrapolating actual yields at 20 wt% mix HDO oil in long residue to 100 wt% HDO oil.139 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pathways-for-converting-microalgae-to-biofuels-114-1527ij4n.png Fig. 2 Pathways for converting microalgae to biofuels.1,14 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-pathways-of-production-of-aromatic-hydrocarbons-from-v9u2mwi0.png Fig. 10 Pathways of production of aromatic hydrocarbons from a botryococcene: (1) cracking, and (2) aromatization. Modified from Ref. 149. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-pathways-for-stearic-acid-conversion-in-supercritical-21dujdgi.png Fig. 9 Pathways for stearic acid conversion in supercritical water with and without additives.148 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-yields-of-products-from-hydrothermal-processing-of-oc22h44u.png Fig. 4 Yields of products from hydrothermal processing of microalgae and model compounds at 350 uC for 60 min.76 https://scispace.com/papers/recent-developments-in-the-theory-of-very-long-run-growth-a-3dj7i06j4e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-one-sided-prisoners-dilemma-game-273fe0vf.png FIGURE 2: The one-sided prisoner’s dilemma game https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-share-of-agriculture-in-the-labour-force-19ut0uin.png TABLE 8: Share of agriculture in the labour force (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-daily-real-consumption-wages-of-european-unskilled-16uzwt7s.png TABLE 1: Daily real consumption wages of European unskilled building labourers (London 1500-49 = 100) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-grain-wages-of-unskilled-labourers-in-england-india-3exbymxu.png TABLE 2: Grain wages of unskilled labourers in England, India and China, 1550-1849 A. Grain wages in England and India (kilograms of grain per day) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-levels-of-annual-gdp-per-capita-in-western-europe-26fqlr7m.png TABLE 3: Levels of annual GDP per capita in Western Europe (Great Britain in 1820=100) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-literacy-rates-in-europe-circa-1800-kgc6er12.png TABLE 6: Literacy rates in Europe, circa 1800 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-european-urbanisation-rates-v730oi6c.png TABLE 7: European urbanisation rates (%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-technological-progress-and-education-in-the-galor-llzcedfu.png FIGURE 1: Technological progress and education in the Galor-Weil model A. Small population https://scispace.com/papers/recent-expansion-of-pinus-nigra-arn-above-the-timberline-in-4wx3ji9aoz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-frequency-distribution-of-sampled-individuals-3lsnhlx4.png Fig. 4 Frequency distribution of sampled individuals according to their cambial age. Age was estimated from cores extracted at the lowest possible height at the stem base of pine trees having diameter>4 cm (156 cores extracted at Vettore and 68 at Acuto) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-correlation-between-the-main-tree-growth-features-of-gcpknr7n.png Fig. 5 Correlation between the main tree growth features of all individuals from the two sites (*p≤0.05 significance level); a stem basal diameter and total height; b total height and cambial age; c stem basal diameter and cambial age. The grey-shaded area highlights the most fitted values https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-frequency-distribution-of-the-sampled-pine-trees-at-30r1zd9o.png Fig. 1 Frequency distribution of the sampled pine trees at the two study sites, according to their altitudinal location https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spatial-distribution-of-sampled-individuals-beyond-the-1dphyg5o.png Fig. 3 Spatial distribution of sampled individuals beyond the current timberline: a Acuto; b Vettore. Circles coloured from white to black indicate increasing tree age within 5-year classes (0–5 to 30–35 years) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-correlation-between-elevation-and-cambial-age-of-pine-xt92kjo3.png Fig. 2 Correlation between elevation and cambial age of pine trees (*p≤0.05 significance level) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coordinates-and-main-physiographic-characteristics-22h7m9mr.png Table 1 Coordinates and main physiographic characteristics of the two study sites https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-correlation-between-mean-longitudinal-annual-stem-2mx8pncg.png Fig. 6 Correlation between mean longitudinal (annual stem elongation) and radial (tree-ring width) increments of individual trees at the two sites (*p≤0.05 significance level) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-frequency-distribution-of-intra-annual-density-180td0dh.png Fig. 7 Frequency distribution of intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs) (left y-axis) and sample depth (right y-axis) https://scispace.com/papers/recent-developments-in-the-techniques-of-controlling-and-1r28ih4gn9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-osmotic-oedometer-of-kassif-and-ben-shalom-1971-pg1vna6q.png Figure 4. The osmotic oedometer of Kassif and Ben Shalom (1971). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-osmotic-technique-with-various-166a32bc.png Figure 5. Comparison of the osmotic technique with various other suction control techniques (after Fleureau et al. 1993). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-maximum-suction-response-obtained-with-various-2p7ym1zf.png Figure 11. Maximum suction response obtained with various ceramic porous stones (Ridley and Burland 1999). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-in-situ-measurement-of-soil-suction-at-shallow-1qjxexck.png Figure 16. In-situ measurement of soil suction at shallow depth (Cui et al. 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-degree-of-saturation-suction-paths-at-different-3c7t97q8.png Figure 15. Degree of saturation-suction paths at different compaction water contents. Dotted lines join “post-compaction” suctions (Tarantino and De Col 2008). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dependency-of-the-calibration-curve-of-the-osmotic-2418qmya.png Figure 6. Dependency of the calibration curve of the osmotic technique with respect to the membrane and PEG used (after Delage and Cui 2008a). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-high-capacity-tensiometers-developed-by-various-1aeta7nz.png Table 1. High-capacity tensiometers developed by various authors including the pressure transducers used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-monitoring-suction-changes-during-oedometer-step-3ams7ye9.png Figure 14. Monitoring suction changes during oedometer step loading compression (After Delage et al. 2007) https://scispace.com/papers/recent-experiments-in-the-east-and-ht-7-superconducting-1cqepyjb7g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-the-2d-image-of-temperature-fluctuation-907pddp6.png Fig 16. The 2D image of temperature fluctuation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-the-evolution-of-m-2-mode-islands-29lkzc1x.png Fig 17. The evolution of m=2 mode islands https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-outlet-temperature-rise-of-cs-at-exciation-rate-of-gzuy4kco.png Fig. 13 Outlet temperature rise of CS at exciation rate of 1kA/s Fig.14 Repeatable long pulse discharges for 400s Fig.15 Surface temperature of belt limiter in the high field side. https://scispace.com/papers/recent-extensions-to-native-chemical-ligation-for-the-19388vbxly 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cys-surrogates-used-for-native-chemical-ligation-i-3py0wz3l.png Figure 2. Cys surrogates used for native chemical ligation: (I) ligation-desulfurization chemistry employing (Ia) β-thiol amino acids, (Ib) γ-thiol amino acids and (Ic) other thiolderived amino acids; (II) development of chemoselective ligation-deselenization chemistry at Sec and selenol-derived amino acids. NB: With the exception of 2-thiol Trp [32], the thiol and selenol amino acids are synthesized in protected form before incorporation into resinbound peptides by standard solid-phase synthesis methods. The reader is referred to the original articles for the details of these protecting groups. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-seaon-off-ligation-methodology-46-b-synthesis-of-2vky56ne.png Figure 3. a) SEAon/off ligation methodology [46]; b) Synthesis of peptide N-acylbenzimidazolinones [47]; c) Activation of peptide acyl hydrazides [49]; d) Synthesis of αsynuclein [51]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mechanism-of-the-native-chemical-ligation-reaction-176qk7ep.png Figure 1. Mechanism of the native chemical ligation reaction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-thiol-catalysts-mpaa-54-briks-bifunctional-aryl-pywgp4sq.png Figure 4. a) Thiol catalysts: MPAA [54], Brik’s bifunctional aryl thiol [55] and trifluoroethanethiol (TFET) [56]; b) Application of TFET in a one-pot kinetically-controlled ligation-desulfurization protocol to afford madanin-1 [56]. https://scispace.com/papers/recent-findings-in-cyclometallation-of-meta-substituted-aryl-2mgl7yi2r7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-schematic-representation-of-some-bimetallic-ru-3rw2dshb.png Figure 2. A schematic representation of some bimetallic Ru and Os complexes with an oligophenylene bridging ligand. M, M' Ru, Os; n 0,1,2; m 2,3,4. https://scispace.com/papers/recent-improvements-to-the-automatic-characterization-and-3kptvbwyso 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-data-collection-strategies-and-27r50mlf.png Table 2 Comparison of data-collection strategies and processing statistics for standard and adaptive beam-diameter protocols using a 1-andrenergic GPCR crystal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-multiple-crystal-and-multiple-position-data-12h21pvd.png Figure 6 Multiple-crystal and multiple-position data collection. (a) automesh scan of a CrystalDirect (Zander, Hoffmann et al., 2016) support that has three crystals mounted. The widest orientation of the mount was selected. (b) Mesh scan of the mount shown in (a). Three positions were requested and three were detected. (c) Mesh scan for a PGM crystal where a native pseudohelical data collection was requested, five positions were detected and a beam diameter of 30 mm was selected. (d) Mesh scan for an FAE crystal where a SAD pseudohelical data collection was requested, five positions were detected and a beam diameter of 100 mm was selected. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-decrease-in-the-time-taken-to-perform-the-mesh-b9fsw4sv.png Figure 1 The decrease in the time taken to perform the mesh scan after hardware improvements. Log-normal distribution of the elapsed time for mesh scans using the former protocol (black) and the new fast mesh (blue) for the two months preceding and following the implementation of the new protocol. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-beam-diameter-selections-by-users-and-the-algorithm-3ofxfzz9.png Figure 2 Beam-diameter selections by users and the algorithm in 2017. The number of times a beam diameter was selected either by the user (black) or automatically (blue) is shown. 6877 data collections were performed with the beam diameter at the default value of 50 mm; as this is not changed by the software, the value is not shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-overall-hi-i-i-for-data-sets-28gbeeg9.png Figure 3 Distribution of overall hI/ (I)i for data sets processed in the year preceding implementation of the dynamic beam aperture (black) and the year after implementation of the dynamic beam aperture (blue). There was a significant shift in the number of data sets processed with lower hI/ (I)i after dynamic beam-diameter adjustment was introduced. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scatter-plot-of-predicted-resolutions-for-data-2ibzz809.png Figure 4 Scatter plot of predicted resolutions for data collections against the resolutions determined by autoprocessing for all crystals processed so far on MASSIF-1 that resulted in a strategy and an automatically processed data set. The red line shows perfect agreement between predicted and achieved resolution and the gradient shows the density of data points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-number-of-positions-selected-by-users-for-multiple-245og86o.png Figure 5 Number of positions selected by users for multiple-crystal and multipleposition data collections in 2017. Multiple-position data collections were requested for 9% of samples. https://scispace.com/papers/recent-life-events-preceding-suicide-attempts-in-a-dr9diwljxn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-specific-types-of-life-events-as-predictors-of-1m9t3yk6.png Table 2 Specific Types of Life Events as Predictors of Suicide Attempt (SA) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-life-event-categories-predicting-suicide-attempts-3cm8tw6z.png Table 1 Life Event Categories Predicting Suicide Attempts https://scispace.com/papers/recent-progress-in-alkali-nitrate-nitrite-developments-for-2cf1jd9674 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-parts-of-the-liquidus-phase-diagram-k-li-na-no2-no3-3njnsqdb.png Figure 2.- Parts of the liquidus phase diagram K, Li, Na // NO2, NO3 with fixed ratio NO3/NO2 of about 0.56. The mixture with the lowest liquidus temperature is marked red. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-alkali-nitrate-nitrite-salt-systems-for-dj2bqdlj.png Table 1.- Overview of alkali nitrate/nitrite salt systems for CSP. Common cation systems are usually not considered. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-different-phase-diagrams-of-the-system-1ghyg1dv.png Figure 1.- Overview of different phase diagrams of the system KNO3-NaNO3 [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-suppliers-and-purities-of-salts-for-tg-measurements-3rlupox3.png Table 4.-Suppliers and purities of salts for TG-measurements. Other stable forms of the salts that have not been utilized in this work are marked as grey text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dsc-measurement-results-of-the-mixture-li-33-mol-k-1x378h90.png Figure 3.- DSC measurement results of the mixture Li+ 33 mol%, K+ 48 mol% and Na+ 19 mol% with a ratio NO3/NO2 = 0.56. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-thermogravimetric-measurement-results-of-single-3hrephu8.png Figure 4.-Thermogravimetric measurement results of single alkali nitrate salts (filled https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-literature-review-of-the-minimum-melting-temperature-38954kaz.png Table 2.- Literature review of the minimum melting temperature and composition of the system Ca(NO3)2-KNO3-NaNO3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-matrix-of-minimum-melting-temperatures-of-single-25fkvjj3.png Table 3.- Matrix of (minimum) melting temperatures of single salts and subsystems of the quinary reciprocal system Ca, K, Li, Na // NO2, NO3. https://scispace.com/papers/recent-progress-in-ion-sources-2jv85d6drh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-surface-plasma-negative-ion-sources8-3covwpiv.png Table IV. Surface-Plasma Negative Ion Sources8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-i-i-b-0-type-ion-sources-30lt4oyq.png Table I I I . B ~ 0 Type Ion Sources https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-i-duopiqatron-type-ton-sources-22z2yjg0.png Table I I I . B ~ 0 Type Ion Sources https://scispace.com/papers/recent-progress-in-plasmonic-colour-filters-for-image-sensor-3734ln7x6g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-spps-wave-vectors-at-the-al-sio2-and-al-si3n4-bm9waxfa.png Figure 4: (left) SPPs wave vectors at the Al/SiO2 and Al/Si3N4 interfaces and (right) Transmission curves vs. Frequency, to display the relationship between minima in transmission, periodicity and additional momenta. Minima appears when kSPP = Gi j https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-transmission-of-a-40-nm-al-hexagonal-nanohole-378g4at3.png Figure 3: (a) Transmission of a 40-nm Al hexagonal nanohole array onto a glass substrate in a silicon nitride environment in comparison with the simulated transmission efficiency of the same nanohole array with silicon dioxide hole fill and cap and the same filter design in a thicker aluminium layer also filled and capped with silicon dioxide, having the same periodicity ax of 340 nm and a diameter d = 180 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-optical-transmissions-of-40-nm-al-filters-having-2pfnqly1.png Figure 8: Optical transmissions of 40-nm Al filters, having silicon nitride filling inside the holes and 100 nm silicon nitride cap layer, whose periodicities have been estimated analytically on the graph in Fig. 7 given the desired working wavelength of 450 nm, 550 nm and 650 nm, in comparison with the RGB 150-nm thick Al PCFs (dashed curves). The periodicity to diameter ratio used is 1.8, which ensure the accuracy of the analytical method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-transmission-of-the-40-nm-al-structure-as-a-1l06kzc6.png Figure 5: (a) Transmission of the 40-nm Al structure as a function of the silicon nitride cap thickness, and (b) transmission vs. wavelength vs. silicon nitride cap layer thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-plot-of-the-theoretical-and-of-the-evaluated-2hcmyizn.png Figure 7: Plot of the theoretical and of the evaluated approximations for the SPPs at the bottom Al/SiO2 and top Al/Si3N4 interface as a function of the wavelength in free space. The * indicate that the wavevector has been subjected to an up/downshift. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-characteristics-of-plasmonic-colour-filters-3qgq57s6.png Table 1: Key characteristics of plasmonic colour filters reported in the past 4 years. The symbol * indicate that only simulation results have been presented. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-the-optical-transmission-of-the-40-nm-3g5gbcut.png Figure 6: Comparison of the optical transmission of the 40-nm Al filters, having silicon nitride filling inside the holes and 100 nm silicon nitride cap layer, with the RGB 150-nm thick Al PCFs (dashed curves). Periodicities ax = 240 nm, 340 nm and 420 nm, and diameters d of 140 nm, 180 nm and 240 nm respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-transmission-curves-of-rgb-150-nm-al-hexagonal-3bwm3lb3.png Figure 1: (a) Transmission curves of RGB 150-nm Al hexagonal nanohole array surrounded by silicon dioxide, and (b) (x, z) cross-sectional and top-down view of the of the structure. The blue filter is given by an array periodicity ax of 240 nm and a diameter d = 140 nm, while the green and red filters have ax of 340 nm, d = 180 nm and ax of 420 nm, d = 280 nm, respectively. In (a) the dashed curves represent the transmission curve for commercially available Fabry-Perot blue, green and red filters,11 respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/recent-progress-in-the-development-of-diesel-surrogate-fuels-w0gih2zfap 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-flow-chart-for-developing-model-fuels-for-gasoline-3ku0aaop.png Figure 10. Flow chart for developing model fuels for gasoline [4]. Reprinted with permission from SAE paper 2009-01-0669 © 2009 SAE International. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relative-amounts-of-various-chemical-classes-in-3velnx8t.png Figure 1. Relative amounts of various chemical classes in diesel fuel and possible chemical components to represent these chemical classes in a diesel surrogate fuel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-flow-chart-of-the-integrated-reduction-procedure-1tqy5naa.png Figure 9. Flow chart of the integrated reduction procedure for an n-heptane mechanism. Reprinted from [113] with permission from Elsevier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-a-surrogate-diesel-model-and-3gb2xibg.png Figure 8. Comparison of a surrogate diesel model and synthetic diesel fuel experiments in a jet stirred reactor at 10 atm and = 2 (diesel, 0.05%; O2, 0.345%; N2, 99.6%; residence time = 0.5 s) Reprinted from [99] with permission from Elsevier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ignition-behavior-of-a-series-of-large-n-alkanes-3uplenqj.png Figure 2. Ignition behavior of a series of large n-alkanes (stoichiometric fuel-air mixtures, initial pressure of 13.5 bar, temperatures from 650 – 1200K) [8]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-computed-concentration-of-vaporized-hydrocarbons-3cnkusgm.png Figure 11. Computed concentration of vaporized hydrocarbons in a surrogate diesel spray from a multi-component vaporization model at 0.5 ms after start of injection. Reprinted from [144] with permission from Elsevier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-soot-yields-from-the-pyrolysis-of-1-methyl-lzdfd38f.png Figure 6. Soot yields from the pyrolysis of 1-methyl naphthalene, toluene, n-heptylbenzene and nhexadecane at pressures of 10 – 18 atm and temperatures of 1350 – 2850 K in a shock tube. Reprinted from [95] with permission from Elsevier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-soot-induction-times-for-n-propylcyclohexane-pch-n-2ryc8lln.png Figure 7. Soot induction times for n-propylcyclohexane (PCH), n-butylbenzene (BBZ), 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (7MN) and a diesel fuel surrogate mixture (MIX) of 39% PCH + 28% BBZ + 33% 7MN by mass [96]. Toluene (TOL), n-heptyl benzene (HBZ) and n-hexadecane (HDC) are from [95]. Reprinted from [96] with permission from Elsevier. https://scispace.com/papers/recent-progress-toward-real-time-measurement-of-ultrashort-141vd1c3uu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-an-shg-frog-device-a-beamsplitter-splits-1jwkkhru.png Fig. 1. Schematic of an SHG FROG device. A beamsplitter splits the input https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-of-the-femtosecond-oscilloscope-a-multishot-1hyb73o4.png Fig. 6. Schematic of the femtosecond oscilloscope. A multishot SHG FROG device with a rapid scanning delay line acts as the front end. The detector is an EG&G 512 element diode array. The array is read by the data DSP which also controls the delay line. After each spectrum is read, the delay line is incremented by t until a complete spectrogram is obtained. The spectrogram is then resampled, filtered, and sent to the host computer. The host displays the spectrogram and sends it to the inversion DSP. After about 15 iterations, the pulse and gate are read by the host and displayed. This device could fully characterize pulses at a rate of 1.25 Hz for 64 64 FROG traces and 2.3 Hz for 32 32 FROG traces. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-data-taken-using-the-femtosecond-oscilloscope-depicted-lz7sq0t2.png Fig. 7. Data taken using the femtosecond oscilloscope depicted in Fig. 5. (a) The FROG trace: this pulse was retrieved using the PCGPA as the inversion engine implemented on the DSP card. In only one second (20 iterations), the algorithm converged to a FROG trace error of less than 0.5% for a 64 FROG trace. Also important to the operation of the femtosecond oscilloscope is the stability of the algorithm; results did not change significantly even after thousands of iterations. (b) Pulse. (c) Algorithm/DPS processing time. (d) Pulse phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-femtosecond-oscilloscope-display-a-the-frog-trace-9uzadv8v.png Fig. 8. Femtosecond oscilloscope display. (a) The FROG trace resulting from a wire blocking out portions of the pulse spectrum at the Fourier plane of a stretcher-compressor. (b) Both the pulse intensity and spectrum (spectral intensity of the retrieved pulse). Notice that the center portion of the spectrum is missing and ringing of the pulse is clearly visible. To prevent the variable offset in the retrieved phase from changing the plot scaling between updates, the derivative of the phase is displayed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-different-steps-in-the-pcgpa-a-shg-and-b-pg-are-3eeaxllk.png Fig. 4. The different steps in the PCGPA. (a) SHG and (b) PG are shown. The top image plots show the outer product. The next image results from the row rotation depicted in (11). By rearranging the columns, the correctly oriented time-domain FROG trace can be constructed. Fourier transforming the columns produces the FROG traces shown in the bottom image plots. https://scispace.com/papers/recent-randomized-controlled-trials-of-psychological-1a7uew7aj3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-randomized-controlled-trials-of-2a69pj2r.png Table 2. Characteristics of randomized controlled trials of psychological interventions published in 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primary-diagnosis-category-for-participants-in-1uku5jh6.png Table 1. Primary diagnosis category for participants in randomized controlled trials of psychological interventions in 2010 https://scispace.com/papers/recent-progress-toward-high-performance-above-the-greenwald-3ga1c28on3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-time-traces-for-a-typical-impurity-seeded-discharge-in-2n4ugzwc.png FIG. 8. Time traces for a typical impurity seeded discharge in JET, wit so-called ‘‘afterpuff’’ phase. Shown as a function of time are the confi ment factorf H98(y,2) , the Greenwald factor, neutron yield, bulk radiatio and deuterium and Ar puffing. The main puffing phase is followed by so-called ‘‘afterpuff’’ phase~consisting in this case in a mixture of careful chosen levels for D2 and Ar puffing!, during which high confinement and high density is simultaneously realized. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-jet-divertor-with-barrier-septum-or-dome-separating-8xqzydfz.png FIG. 7. JET divertor with barrier~‘‘septum’’ or ‘‘dome’’ ! separating the inner from the outer divertor leg. In so-called ‘‘septum’’ discharges, theX point is located on top of or slightly inside the septum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-plot-of-the-productf-h98-y-2-n-ngw-vs-n-ngw-for-jet-qnea0h7e.png FIG. 10. Plot of the productf H98(Y,2)n̄/nGW vs n̄/nGW for JET. Squares indicate JET discharges without impurity seeding and are selected from dataset contributed to the ITER confinement database~including data from discharges up to the end of 1999!. Stars indicate discharges with impurit seeding from recent campaigns. Outstanding values off H98(y,2)n̄/nGW;1.0 at n̄/nGW;0.9 have been reached recently in impurity seeded dischar All data are selected according to 0.175,d,0.3, 2.3,Ip(MA) ,2.6, 2.3 ,Bt(T),2.6, 9,Pin(MW) ,14. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-comparison-of-two-afterpuff-discharges-in-jet-with-12387br9.png FIG. 9. ~a! Comparison of two ‘‘afterpuff’’ discharges in JET with~full lines! and without~dashed lines! Ar impurity seeding. Shown as a functio of time are the plasma stored energyE, confinement factorf H98(y,2) , Greenwald factor, effective plasma chargeZeff , and gas puffing scheme. Note th the discharge with impurity seeding reaches a lowerZeff;2 in the ‘‘afterpuff’’ phase, showing clearly the overwhelming effect of the density crease on the plasma dilution. Note that the zeros have been suppres all but one of the ordinates.~b! Comparison of the radial profile of the effective thermal diffusivityxeff during the ‘‘afterpuff’’ (t521 s) for the two discharges of~a!. The dashed curve refers to the discharge without, full curve to the discharge with Ar seeding. Error bars are indicated by small vertical bars. The discharge with Ar seeding shows a net reductio xeff over most of the plasma radius. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-normalized-confinement-timetep-0-67-i-p-vs-wwllbruf.png FIG. 1. ~Color! Normalized confinement timetEP 0.67/I p vs Greenwald factor n̄/nGW . Different symbols correspond to different values for the ed neutral pressurepa . The lines correspond to the loci of RI mode,L mode, ELM-free H Mode and the limitbN52. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-confinement-relative-to-the-ri-modete-tri-vs-the-48q9a76w.png FIG. 3. ~Color! Confinement relative to the RI-modetE /tRI vs the edge neutral pressure. Different symbols correspond to the different Greenw factors reached in the discharges. Surprisingly, a unique relation is foun discharges belonging to a wide range of operational conditions and den (0.75,n̄/nGW,1.8). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-the-effect-of-d2-gas-puffing-on-1ws20dy7.png FIG. 2. Illustration of the effect of D2 gas puffing on impurity seeded discharges in TEXTOR-94. In a first discharge moderate gas puffing been applied~full lines!, the second one was fueled by a strong gas p ~dashed lines!. Shown as a function of time are the resulting values forbN , f H98(y,2) and n̄/nGW . Pn is measured in the exhaust duct of ALT-II and proportional to the edge neutral pressure. Best performance is reache the discharge with the smallest gas puff and consequently smallest neutral pressure. Values for the normalized beta,bN;1.8, are reached for about 2 s or 36tE . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-confinement-factorf-h98-y-2-vs-n-ngw-for-discharges-3dny3xqx.png FIG. 12. Confinement factorf H98(y,2) vs n̄/nGW for discharges in JT60-U with different amounts of Ar seeding. Black dots refer to discharges with Ar seeding. The highest levels of Ar seeding lead to the realization f H98(y,2)51 up to n̄/nGW50.65 ~adapted from Ref. 13!. https://scispace.com/papers/recent-studies-on-the-dice-race-problem-and-its-connections-2g7s7n1vxz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-v-n-nv-20-m3-for-strategy-4-3cpuiaw5.png Figure 12: V(n)− nṼ(20)/m3 , for Strategy 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-e-n-n-m-strategy-3-148igcwu.png Figure 5: Ē(n)− n/m, Strategy 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-k-n-3chhn0gs.png Figure 1: k̄(n) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-e-n-red-n-m-blue-2q14c60r.png Figure 2: Ē(n) (red), n/m (blue) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-v-n-ns22-3gvz8ccv.png Figure 9: V(n)− ns22 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-e-n-n-m-35jknlte.png Figure 4: Ē(n)− n/m https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-e-n-n-m-1zhafpme.png Figure 3: Ē(n)− n/m https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-v-n-ns23-red-u-n-blue-suvtjynj.png Figure 13: V(n)− ns23 (red), U(n) (blue) https://scispace.com/papers/receptor-modeling-application-framework-for-particle-source-1u6nizbv8c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-2as2f7hi.png Table 1 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-wintertime-emissions-estimates-for-the-denver-co-3k0mhjdw.png Table 2 Wintertime emissions estimates for the Denver, CO, metropolitan areaa https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effects-of-changes-in-a-ammonia-b-nitric-acid-and-c-3hcbzx0b.png Fig. 5. Effects of changes in (a) ammonia, (b) nitric acid, and (c) sulfate levels that might result from emissions control strategies on average ammonium nitrate concentrations estimated using the simulating composition of atmospheric particles at equilibrium (SCAPE) method (Kim et al., 1993a,b; Kim and Seinfeld, 1995). SCAPE, an example of an aerosol equilibrium receptor model, apportions sodium, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, and chloride among gas, liquid, and solid phases using thermodynamic equilibrium theory. These averages were derived from thousands of individual SCAPE simulations applied to 3-h periods over which particulate nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium and gaseous nitric acid and ammonia were measured at urban and non-urban receptor sites in the Denver area. Ambient temperature and relative humidity corresponding to the samples are the other SCAPE inputs. The horizontal axis represents the fraction of the measured 1997 concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-source-contributions-to-pm2-5-at-seven-2pjj1crz.png Fig. 6. Average source contributions to PM2:5 at seven receptor locations around Denver, CO, during the winter of 1995–1996. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-material-balance-for-pm2-5-concentrations-measured-at-2bobbuj1.png Fig. 3. Material balance for PM2:5 concentrations measured at Welby, CO, located on the northern edge of Denver, resulting from gravimetric, elemental, ion, and carbon analysis (Watson et al., 1998b). Three samples per day were acquired from 0600 to 1200, 1200 to 1800, and 1800 to 0600 MST with the first sample centered over the date in 1996. Organic material is 1.4 times the OC measurement to compensate for unmeasured hydrogen and oxygen (Turpin and Lim, 2001). Geological is defined as 1:89Alþ 2:14Siþ 1:4Caþ 1:43Fe to account for unmeasured oxides in minerals. Soot is operationally defined as EC reported by the IMPROVE thermal/optical reflectance method (Chow et al., 1993b, 2001). The unidentified fraction is the difference between measured mass and the sum of other components. This is negative when the sum exceeds the measured mass. The unidentified amount is typically within measurement uncertainties when elements, ions, and carbon are measured. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pm2-5-emissions-from-table-2-are-combined-into-az25r004.png Fig. 1. PM2:5 emissions from Table 2 are combined into categories that might be resolved by receptor models. Paved road dust, unpaved road dust, and construction emissions are summed, as are on-road and off-road diesel emissions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-material-balance-for-a-24-h-336-lgm-3-tsp-quartz-ihy32ihg.png Fig. 2. Material balance for a 24-h 336 lgm 3 TSP quartz filter sample from an eastern urban site in Xian, China for October 27, 1997. Aluminum and silicon cannot be quantified on these samples because they are in the filter matrix and much of the nitrate may have volatilized before analysis. Fugitive dust emissions are estimated as 20 times the iron concentration and OC is multiplied by 1.2 to account for unmeasured hydrogen and oxygen associated with urban organic compounds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-1997-wintertime-source-contribution-estimates-3sln7arl.png Fig. 4. Average 1997 wintertime source contribution estimates to PM2:5 determined by the CMB receptor model for samples taken at Welby, CO, located on the northern edge of Denver, CO. https://scispace.com/papers/reciprocally-inhibitory-circuits-operating-with-distinct-53aowwt8f8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-values-for-the-dynamic-clamp-831-3j353j9w.png Table 1. Parameter values for the dynamic clamp 831 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-maps-of-network-output-as-a-function-of-the-1nsapj30.png Figure 3. Maps of network output as a function of the synaptic and H conductances (gSyn, gH) for circuits with escape and release mechanisms. A) Distribution of halfcenter oscillators in gSyn-gH parameter space. Gray scale shows the percentage of preparations that formed half-center oscillators for each gSyn-gH parameter combination withing the map (N=10 for each mechanism). White space corresponds to parameters sets for which no oscillators exist. B) Dependence of the mean half-center oscillator cycle frequency on gSyn and gH across 10 preparations for each mechanism. C) Dependence of the mean slowwave amplitude on gSyn and gH. D) Dependence of the mean number of spikes per burst on gSyn and gH. E) Dependence of the mean spike frequency on gSyn and gH. F) Dependence of the mean duty cycle on gSyn and gH. In panels B-E, gSyn-gH parameter sets for which circuit output characteristics were not significantly different between release and escape are indicated by red boxes (Wilcoxon rank-sum test, p>0.05). https://scispace.com/papers/reciprocal-relationships-in-tax-compliance-decisions-31jg73yxk5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overview-of-decisions-in-the-risk-game-per-owmjicmn.png Figure 3: Overview of decisions in the risk game per experimental treatment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-reported-income-per-experimental-treatment-ik3p7lyd.png Figure 1: Average reported income per experimental treatment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-second-computer-screen-for-the-tax-game-experiment-1q5l9y3l.png Figure 5: Second computer screen for the tax game experiment https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptives-statistics-per-experimental-treatment-3vcjj4kq.png Table 4: Descriptives statistics per experimental treatment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-first-computer-screen-for-tax-game-experiment-wnjmi7jc.png Figure 4: First computer screen for tax game experiment https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-sample-statistics-of-our-subjects-pool-gr5cf4zw.png Table 3: Average sample statistics of our subjects pool https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-parameters-per-experimental-treatment-23v5y3m2.png Table 2: Summary of parameters per experimental treatment https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-21-decisions-in-the-risk-game-experiment-u0jbj51o.png Table 7: The 21 decisions in the risk game experiment https://scispace.com/papers/reciprocal-transplant-experiment-in-lakes-with-disparate-4o1jhm0yx6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-similarities-in-community-composition-are-related-1tjbyrhy.png Fig 4. The similarities in community composition are related to similarities in functional attributes, but at a different range. Regression analysis identified a significant positive linear relationship between the similarity in community composition and overall functional attributes with a different similarity range (Bray-Curtis similarity, Community: >20–<70%; Function: >88–<94%) for surface (A) (R2 = 0.5065, p<0.0001, F test) and bottom waters (B) (R2 = 0.4592, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tsuei-feng-and-yuan-yang-lakes-surface-and-bottom-11orxuhj.png Fig 2. Tsuei-Feng and Yuan-Yang Lakes’ surface and bottom waters showed different bacterial communities but similar functional profiles. (A–B) Bacterial community profiles at the class level for the both lakes surface (A) and bottom (B) waters were diverse and did not show significant changes after cross-swapping. (C–D) Functional profile at the COG-Class level; https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-principal-coordinate-analysis-of-bacterial-communities-bsyum6f0.png Fig 3. Principal coordinate analysis of bacterial communities and functional profiles. Active bacterial community compositions (based on zero-radius Operational Taxonomic Units (zOTUs)) from the Bray-Curtis distance metric differed most between lake surface (A) and bottom (C) waters, even after a reciprocal transplantation, with the inoculum being a significant factor (p<0.05). COG-Family-based functional profiles found differences between surface (B) and bottom (D) waters; the inoculum and inoculum x incubating lake were significant factors for the surface, whereas the inoculum alone was the significant factor for bottom waters. In addition, cross-swap samples tended to shift away from their self-swap counterparts for function, whereas in the case of community compositions, they shifted along with their self-swap counterparts (marked by dotted grey arrows). Functional profiles were obtained from the metagenomes after COG-Family classification at the read level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-and-sampling-strategy-a-c-schematic-2vypzcw6.png Fig 1. Experimental setup and sampling strategy. (A–C) Schematic representation of the background (BG) and reciprocal transplant (self-swap and cross-swap) samples; small letters from a-l denote samples from each group (BG, self-swap, and cross-swap). (D) Sampling strategy: water samples were swapped (self-swap and cross-swap) at time point n=0 and incubated; samples were collected every 2 weeks (BG, self-swap, and cross-swap) and the remaining sampling tubes were replaced with fresh tubes to avoid algal overgrowth. https://scispace.com/papers/recent-results-from-atlas-onia-heavy-flavor-and-more-2ld44u14wv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-comparison-of-raa-for-prompt-j-ps-production-with-32b5g35u.png Fig. 1. Left: Comparison of RAA for prompt J/ψ production with different theoretical models. The statistical uncertainty of each point is indicated by a narrow error bar. The error box plotted with each point represents the uncorrelated systematic uncertainty, while the shaded error box at RAA=1 represents correlated scale uncertainties. Plot taken from Ref. [5]. Right: Comparison of the Pb+Pb heavy-flavor muon v2 with calculations from the TAMU [6] and DABMod [7] models. Each panel represents a different centrality interval. For the 20 − 30% and 30 − 40% centrality intervals, the plotted TAMU values correspond to the 20− 40% centrality interval. For the data, the error bars and shaded bands represent statistical and total uncertainties, respectively. For the model calculations, the bands represent theoretical systematic uncertainties. Plot taken from Ref. [8]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-nuclear-modification-factor-rppb-as-a-function-of-1ggitwme.png Fig. 2. Left: Nuclear modification factor, RpPb, as a function of pT for Υ (1S) (in green) and prompt J/ψ (in blue). The vertical error bars cover the statistical uncertainties and horizontal error bars represent the bin size. The horizontal position of data point indicates the mean of the weighted pT distribution. The vertical size of colored boxes underneath the data points represent the systematic uncertainties. The RpPb of inclusive J/ψ measured by ALICE from [12] is also shown in red. Figure taken from Ref. [11]. Right: The v2 as a function of number of reconstructed charged particles (N rec ch ) obtained from the template fits to hadron-hadron (circles) and to hadron-µ correlations (squares). The error bars and shaded bands indicate statistical and systematic uncertainties, respectively. For the hadron-hadron correlations, the statistical errors are too small to be seen. Figure taken from Ref. [13]. https://scispace.com/papers/reciprocity-matters-idiosyncratic-deals-to-shape-the-14ks9a23ne 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-i-deals-2cyek3ii.png TABLE 1 Summary of i-deals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-resource-theory-from-foa-1971-reprinted-with-3mplggog.png FIGURE 1 Resource theory. From Foa (1971). Reprinted with permission from AAAS https://scispace.com/papers/reciprocity-unitarity-and-time-reversal-symmetry-of-the-s-357sgx0qaa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scattering-geometry-and-notation-21384e6q.png FIG. 1. Scattering geometry and notation. https://scispace.com/papers/recn-iq-a-cost-effective-input-queued-switch-architecture-30ddxkh0hi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mmu-memory-management-unit-and-mu-mapping-unit-1i98jtm9.png Figure 3. MMU (Memory Management Unit) and MU (Mapping Unit) units in detail. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-general-overview-of-the-proposed-switch-3s044pnb.png Figure 2. General overview of the proposed switch architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-recn-iq-basic-procedure-2345fll7.png Figure 1. Example of RECN-IQ basic procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ru-routing-unit-and-cdu-congestion-detection-unit-1pz2bkec.png Figure 4. RU (Routing Unit) and CDU (Congestion Detection Unit) units in detail. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-network-throughput-and-network-latency-uniform-8bps3zi3.png Figure 6. Network throughput and network latency. Uniform distribution of packet destinations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-switch-efficiency-versus-time-for-hot-spot-traffic-30xisfgt.png Figure 7. Switch efficiency versus time for Hot-Spot traffic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ppu-post-processing-management-unit-and-rfcu-recn-3ntrjjzi.png Figure 5. PPU (Post-Processing Management Unit) and RFCU (RECN Flow Control Unit) units in detail. https://scispace.com/papers/recognition-of-dhn-melanin-by-a-c-type-lectin-receptor-is-4g3u1uannb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sample-sizes-of-at-least-five-animals-per-group-were-gw2o10ip.png Fig. 7. Sample sizes of at least five animals per group were chosen as this would allow the detection of a 25% difference in the mean between experimental and control groups with a probability of greater than 95% (P < 0.05), assuming a standard deviation of around 15% and a minimum power value of 0.8. Mice were randomly assigned to experimental or control groups, co-housed, and experiments were not blinded. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mellec-recognizes-selected-fungi-a-b-representative-21tgmlv7.png Figure 1 | MelLec recognizes selected fungi. a, b, Representative histograms showing A. fumigatus conidia and germlings (cultured for 8 h at 37 °C) (a) and yeasts of C. albicans and S. cerevisiae, and conidia of F. pedrosoi (b) stained with Fc-MelLec or Fc-CLEC12B (ref. 24) (Fc-control) and analysed by flow cytometry. c–e, Representative light microscopy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mellec-is-expressed-on-non-myeloid-cells-in-mouse-a-iiblpd2d.png Figure 3 | MelLec is expressed on non-myeloid cells in mouse. a, Analysis of disaggregated lung tissue by flow cytometry with antiMelLec antibody. b, Immunofluorescence micrographs of lung tissue stained with anti-MelLec antibody (green). Nuclei are stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (blue). c, d, Flow-cytometric analysis of MelLec expression on live CD45+ and CD45− cells (c), and CD45− CD31+EpCAM−, and CD45−CD31+EpCAM+ cells (d) in the lung. Experiments were repeated at least three times independently, with similar results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9b-d-as-well-as-alterations-in-inflammatory-responses-uifd5037.png Fig. 9b–d), as well as alterations in inflammatory responses (Fig. 4c). IL-17 responses were unaffected18. Consistent with a role in melanin recognition, there was no difference in susceptibility or fungal burden between wild-type and MelLec-knockout mice after systemic infection with ΔpksP conidia (Fig. 4d and Extended Data Fig. 9e). https://scispace.com/papers/recognition-of-non-milankovitch-sea-level-highstands-at-185-34h44dxpxo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-u-and-th-concentrations-and-u-th-ages-for-bulk-2f616w6y.png Table 1: U and Th concentrations and U-Th ages for bulk carbonate samples from ODP hole 1008A. Errors are 2σ. Corr. Age is the age corrected for initial 230Th assuming an initial 232Th/230Th atom ratio of 20,000. Ages marked in bold are considered reliable based on their δ234U(T) and 232Th concentrations, those in italics are not considered reliable. https://scispace.com/papers/recognition-of-the-persistent-organic-pollutant-chlordecone-2zavxy55x7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-structure-of-chlordecone-and-its-hydrate-form-b-1f2lg7y0.png Fig. 1 (a) Structure of chlordecone and its hydrate form, (b) structure of hemicryptophanes 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-1h-nmr-spectra-500-mhz-cdcl3-298-k-of-host-2-upon-3sryga5i.png Fig. 3 (a) 1H NMR spectra (500 MHz, CDCl3, 298 K) of host 2 upon progressive addition of chlordecone (0, 0.17, 0.29, 0.53, 0.72, 0.95, 1.1 and 2.3 equivalents from bottom to top). (b) 1H NMR titration curves for the complexation of chlordecone (7 mM) with host 2 (3 mM). The chemical induced shifts Dd of host’s protons at 6.4 ppm were used. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1h-nmr-titration-curves-for-the-complexation-of-3gkt4kcp.png Fig. 2 1H NMR titration curves for the complexation of chlordecone (7 mM) with host 1 (3 mM). The chemical induced shifts Dd of host’s protons at 6.4 ppm (the aromatic H of the linkers) were used. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-13c-nmr-spectra-in-cdcl3-of-a-chlordecone-saturated-hegktgoj.png Fig. 4 13C NMR spectra in CDCl3 of (a) chlordecone (saturated solution) (blue), host 2 (green), mixture of host 2 and chlordecone (red) and (b) focus on some specific changes in the chemical shift of either the guest or the host upon complexation. The correspond to the signals of chlordecone https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dft-optimized-structures-of-chlordecone-2-nxbtl2cm.png Fig. 5 DFT-optimized structures of chlordecone@2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-structures-of-a-monohydrochlordecone-and-b-chlordecone-pag7f7ud.png Fig. 6 Structures of (a) monohydrochlordecone and (b) chlordecone alcohol. 1H NMR titration curves for the complexation of (c) 10- monohydrochlordecone (7 mM) and (d) chlordecone alcohol (7 mM) with hemicryptophane 2 (3 mM). The chemical induced shifts Dd of host’s protons at 6.4 ppm were used. https://scispace.com/papers/recognition-of-z-rna-by-adar1-limits-interferon-responses-2akzhu361j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stromal-and-haematopoietic-cells-upregulate-isgs-in-19ctjr6r.png Figure 3. Stromal and haematopoietic cells upregulate ISGs in Adar1mZa/mZa 1065 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mutation-of-adar1-p150s-za-domain-triggers-1csihio5.png Figure 1. Mutation of ADAR1-p150’s Za domain triggers spontaneous type I 1013 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-isg-induction-in-adar1mza-mza-mice-is-mavs-1i4k176g.png Figure 6. ISG induction in Adar1mZa/mZa mice is MAVS-dependent. 1155 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-multiple-haematopoietic-and-non-haematopoietic-cell-aapfj8bl.png Figure 4. Multiple haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cell types display 1088 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-adar1-p150s-za-domain-is-required-for-editing-of-a-ynetdnrm.png Figure 7. ADAR1-p150’s Za domain is required for editing of a subset of RNAs. 1163 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-adar1mza-mza-lungs-display-a-type-i-ifn-gene-3eetp1am.png Figure 2. Adar1mZa/mZa lungs display a type I IFN gene signature. 1046 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-adar1mza-mza-mice-are-protected-from-early-iav-mowxjh5z.png Figure 5. Adar1mZa/mZa mice are protected from early IAV infection. 1134 https://scispace.com/papers/recognizing-actions-by-shape-motion-prototype-trees-hsw3lz0ig9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-using-different-features-on-the-gesture-2xvihypv.png Table 1. Results using different features on the Gesture dataset (static background). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prototype-based-recognition-result-using-joint-shape-1m1ntbms.png Table 2. Prototype-based recognition result using joint shape and motion features (static background). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-evaluation-datasets-1t04tz4c.png Figure 8. Evaluation datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-using-different-features-on-the-gesture-q7d1dlx7.png Table 3. Results using different features on the Gesture dataset (moving camera, dynamic background). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-prototype-based-recognition-result-using-joint-shape-1ohxtd94.png Table 4. Prototype-based recognition result using joint shape and motion features on the Gesture dataset (moving camera, dynamic background). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-confusion-matrices-for-gesture-recognition-using-a-26mxlxt8.png Figure 9. Confusion matrices for gesture recognition using a moving camera viewing gestures against dynamic backgrounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-our-approach-dfy54bvw.png Figure 1. Overview of our approach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-action-interest-regions-illustrated-for-1roc320c.png Figure 2. Examples of action interest regions illustrated for samples from three datasets: Gesture, Weizmann and KTH. https://scispace.com/papers/recognizing-human-action-from-a-far-field-of-view-ogyq58loiv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-for-the-tower-dataset-we-plot-the-one-against-rest-7gqmm7xd.png Figure 4. For the Tower dataset, we plot the one-against-rest ROC curve for the action with the minimum AUC. The performance of descriptors is evaluated when the frame resolution is (a) original, 40-pixel tall figures (b) 36% of the original, 25-pixel tall figures (c) 16% of the original, 15-pixel tall figures. The decimals in the parentheses represent the ratios of descriptor dimensions to the dimension of a full-length joint feature descriptor. In 4(a), the descriptor does not incorporate HOOF feature performs the worst. As shown in 4(b)(c), the ROC curves of the proposed SPCA-HOGHOOF descriptor occupy the largest AUC in the lower resolution versions of the dataset. Note that as the frame resolution goes down, larger set of spc (Eq. (7)) is required from each class to provide better separation of projected samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-descriptor-level-confusion-matrix-of-the-soccer-21zxjfya.png Table 3. The descriptor level confusion matrix of the Soccer dataset when the number of classes is reduced to 5 (the overall accuracy is 78.66%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-motion-feature-presented-in-a-far-field-of-view-b-3vefqxgw.png Figure 1. (a) Motion feature presented in a far-field of view (b) given the track coordinate (white square) the bounding box for HOG extraction (red) is centered on the human figure by searching in the space of scale and translation (c) a human gradient map with our HOG geometry imposed (d) optical flow is computed between the union bounding boxes (red) of two consecutive frames. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flow-diagram-of-our-action-recognition-scheme-the-gs89ycss.png Figure 2. Flow diagram of our action recognition scheme. The focus of our method is in solid-line rectangles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sample-frames-from-each-action-of-a-weizmann-3kiu16k4.png Figure 3. Sample frames from each action of (a) Weizmann dataset (b) Soccer dataset (c) Tower dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reported-per-sequence-accuracy-on-the-weizmann-36gsejvb.png Table 1. Reported per-sequence accuracy on the Weizmann dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-descriptor-level-accuracy-on-each-3k15zeml.png Table 2. Comparison of descriptor level accuracy on each action of the Soccer dataset. https://scispace.com/papers/recognizing-contextual-polarity-an-exploration-of-features-1kqlhiic8i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-distribution-of-contextual-polarity-tags-3j1sufit.png Table 5 Distribution of contextual polarity tags https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-of-subjective-expressions-from-the-mpqa-1q0invq2.png Table 1 Sample of subjective expressions from the MPQA Corpus https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-confusion-matrix-for-the-prior-polarity-classifier-9j5w754o.png Table 6 Confusion matrix for the prior-polarity classifier on the development set https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-step-approach-to-recognizing-contextual-2pad5la8.png Figure 1 Two-step approach to recognizing contextual polarity https://scispace.com/figures/table-19-results-for-polarity-classification-step-2-using-1dexbjr8.png Table 19 Results for polarity classification (step 2) using automatically identified polar instances https://scispace.com/figures/table-18-results-for-polarity-classification-without-and-ynp0q7wo.png Table 18 Results for polarity classification without and with the word token feature https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-results-for-neutral-polar-feature-ablation-2tku6nsk.png Table 13 Results for neutral-polar feature ablation experiments https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-examples-of-positive-and-negative-sentiments-3lr104q0.png Table 2 Examples of positive and negative sentiments https://scispace.com/papers/recoil-decay-tagging-spectroscopy-of-w-162-74-88-46g6ypvrp3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-thetrs-calculations-for-162wat-o-0-0-to-0-1kysz3p2.png FIG. 6. (Color online) TheTRS calculations for 162Wat ω= 0.0 to 0.5MeV. The energy difference between successive contour curves is 200 keV. Red (gray) dots indicate the positions of the minima in the surfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-a-experimental-routhians-and-b-aligned-pxsk7ks1.png FIG. 7. (Color online) (a) Experimental Routhians and (b) aligned angular momenta for the ground-state bands in 162W (present work), 164W [22], and 160Hf [26]. A rotational reference configuration has been subtracted using the Harris parameters J0 = 1 2/MeV and J1 = 196 4/MeV3, for 162W, while those for 164W and 160Hf are taken from Refs. [22,26]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-cranked-routhians-using-the-universal-woods-saxon-2952tr1e.png FIG. 8. Cranked Routhians using the universal Woods-Saxon potential for quasineutrons (upper panel) and quasiprotons (the lower panel) in 162W with the deformation parameters β2 = 0.146, β4 = 0.010, and γ = 0◦ taken from TRS predictions. Different lines represent different parities and signatures (π,α): solid denotes (+,+1/2), dotted denotes (+,−1/2), dot-dashed denotes (−,+1/2), and dashed denotes (−, −1/2). Quasiparticle alignments due to a pair of h11/2 protons are predicted at ω ≈ 0.36MeVwhile f7/2/h9/2 and i13/2 neutrons are predicted to align at ω ≈ 0.36 and ω ≈ 0.41MeV, respectively. The shell model labelings for quasiparicles in 162W are marked as below: A, νi13/2 with positive signature; B, νi13/2 with negative signature; E, νf7/2/h9/2 with negative signature; F, νf7/2/h9/2 with positive signature; e, πh11/2 with negative signature; and f, πh11/2 with positive signature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-a-formation-probabilities-rf-r-2-2cd57hci.png FIG. 9. (Color online) α-formation probabilities |RF(R)|2 calculated from experimental α-decay partial half-lives as a function of neutron number, N , for the α decays of even-even Hf, W, Os, and Pt isotopes. The experimental data represented by solid symbols are fromNNDC [32]. Our new data for 162W is shown as the open symbol. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-spectrum-of-the-recorded-a-decay-35a2ejos.png FIG. 1. (Color online) (a) Spectrum of the recorded α-decay energies from 162W ground-state decays produced by requiring a preceding α decay from the mother nucleus 166Os and a subsequent α decay from the granddaughter nucleus 158Hf in the same pixel in the DSSSDs. In order to minimize the influence from random correlations, decay chains were selected for analysis by applying maximum correlation times between successive events. The maximum correlation times between recoil implantation and 166Osα decay, and between 162W α decay and 158Hf α decay, were set to 0.6 and 9 s, respectively. The inset shows the distribution of time differences between mother nucleus 166Os α decay and the daughter 162W α decay. A 990(30)-ms half-life is extracted for 162W as described in the text. (b) Spectrum showing the recorded α-decay energies of 166Os produced by requiring an additional α decay from the daughter nucleus 162W and the α decay from the granddaughter nucleus 158Hf in the same pixel in the DSSSDs. The maximum correlation times between 166Os α decay and 162W α decay, and between 162W α decay and 158Hf α decay, were set to 6 and 9 s, respectively. The inset shows the distribution of time differences between implanted recoils and 166Osα decays. A 210(6)-ms half-life is extracted for the ground state of 166Os. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-proposed-level-scheme-for-162w-energies-are-given-in-2sdakw55.png FIG. 3. Proposed level scheme for 162W. Energies are given in keV. Spin and parity assignments are tentative. The widths of the arrows indicate the relative transition intensities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-g-ray-spectrum-of-recoil-tagged-singles-b-162w-df6eujwy.png FIG. 2. (a) γ -ray spectrum of recoil-tagged singles. (b) 162W mother-daughter correlated α-decay-tagged γ -ray singles. The maximum correlation time between recoils and mother nucleus (162W)α decays and subsequent daughter nucleus (158Hf)α decays are 3 and 6 s, respectively. The unmarked peaks are the γ -ray transitions from the strong populated channels. (c) As in panel (b) with the additional requirement of granddaughter 154Yb α decay correlated within 1.2 s in the same pixel of the DSSSDs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-background-subtracted-spectra-of-g-rays-tagged-by-the-dbbxpzwt.png FIG. 4. Background-subtracted spectra of γ rays tagged by the ground-state α decay of 162W and detected in prompt coincidence with the (a) 449-keV γ ray, (b) 563-keV γ ray, and (c) 449-, 563-, 626-, or 629-keV γ rays. https://scispace.com/papers/recoil-induced-asymmetry-of-nondipole-molecular-frame-7ilv2tcmby 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-angular-distributions-of-the-1s-photoelectrons-of-n2-3m48l5p2.png FIG. 1. Angular distributions of the 1s photoelectrons of N2 induced by 40 keV synchrotron radiation. The light propagates from the left to the right, as indicated by the green horizontal arrows, and it is linearly polarized in the vertical direction (see the vertical magenta double arrows). (a)–(e) Present calculations performed using Coulomb waves (CW) and accurate continuous molecular wave (MW) functions for different spatial orientations of the nitrogen molecule [see the legend in (b) and insets in each panel]. As an example, the partial CW contributions from the 1σg=u and 1sR=L orbitals are shown in (a) and (c), respectively. Note that the 1sR=L contributions in (c) are indistinguishable. (f)–(j) Results of the present simulations of the combined impact of recoil by the fast photoelectrons and highenergy photons on the partial and total angular distributions [see legend in (g)]. The difference of the momenta of the two Nþ fragments, prel ¼ pðNþR Þ − pðNþL Þ, which in the axial recoil approximation coincides with the molecular axis, is indicated in each panel by the inclined blue double arrows. (k)–(o) Results of the present measurements for different orientations of prel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-e-angular-distributions-of-the-1s-photoelectrons-of-23z24qts.png FIG. 2. (a)–(e) Angular distributions of the 1s photoelectrons of N2, induced by 40 keV synchrotron radiation. Different panels represent measurements for different regions of KER and for all KERs (as indicated at the top of each panel), as well as theoretical partial and total distributions simulating the impact of recoil by the fast photoelectrons and the high-energy photons [see legend in (e)]. The experimental geometry is the same as in Fig. 1. The difference of the momenta of the two Nþ fragments, prel ¼ pðNþR Þ − pðNþL Þ, is always kept fixed as indicated by the inclined blue double arrow in (d). (f)–(j) Angular distributions of the Nþ fragments for a fixed photoelectron emission angle ke [indicated by the red downward inclined arrow in (i),(j)]. The direction of the combined recoil momentum, kγ − ke, is indicated in (i),(j) by the purple upward inclined arrow. The photoelectron emission distributions shown in (d), (e) are the same as in Figs. 1(m) and 1(h). (k)–(o): Laboratory frame angular distributions of the 1s photoelectrons of N2, obtained by averaging over all molecular orientations. Different panels in the middle and lower rows represent different KER gating of the experimental data as well as the theoretical simulations, which are the same as in the upper-row panels. https://scispace.com/papers/recombinant-t-cell-receptors-specific-for-hla-a-02-01-v16i0moliz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-in-vitro-analysis-of-ktcr-transduced-cd8-t-cells-1xdc16g8.png Figure 3: In vitro analysis of KTCR transduced CD8+ T cells. Results from IFN-γ ELISpot assays (A) and cytolytic assays (B), evaluating KTCR1 (blue circles), KTCR2 (red squares), and KTCR3 (green triangles) activity against peptide pulsed K562A*02:01 target cells. (**p < 0.01 and ***p = 0.001; ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison test)The flow gating protocol is outlined in Figure S4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-testing-of-hla-a-02-01-restricted-krasg12v-specific-2odxso56.png Figure 4: Testing of HLA-A*02:01-restricted KRASG12V specific TCR reconstituted T cells in vivo. Figure 4A: Treatment with KTCR1-transduced CD8+ T cells (blue circles) reduced tumour growth when compared to the mice treated with control CD8+ T cells (black squares) (n=7). Significantly reduced growth was seen from days 44 (* p < 0.020), to completion of the experiment on day 56 (**p < 0.002) (ANOVA, p < 0.001 and Tukey’s multiple comparison test). Figure 4B. Kaplan-Meier analysis of survival probability of mice treated with KTCR1 CD8+ T cells (blue circles) compared to mice treated with the control CD8+ T cells (black squares) (n=7; *p<0.05; mantel-Cox log-rank test). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tetramer-analysis-of-ktcr-transduced-cd8-t-cells-21bz6aup.png Figure 2: Tetramer analysis of KTCR-transduced CD8+ T cells. KTCR1 (blue) transduced CD3+CD8+ T cells (blue) were stained strongly by the KRASG12V/A*02:01 tetramer (83.7%) and minimally (<5%) by KRASG12D and KRASwt tetramers. KTCR2 (red) and KTCR3 (green) transduced CD3+CD8+ T cells were stained strongly by the KRASG12D/A*02:01 tetramer (89.3% and 88.7%, respectively) and minimally (<5%) by KRASG12V and KRASwt tetramers. The flow gating protocol is outlined in Figure S3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tetramer-analysis-of-hla-a-02-01-restricted-2pl43dgo.png Figure 1: Tetramer analysis of HLA-A*02:01-restricted KRASG12V/D specific T cell clones. Monoclonal CD8+ T cells (blue) were stained strongly by the KRASG12V/A*02:01 tetramer (99.1%) and minimally (<2%) by the KRASG12D tetramer and KRASwt tetramer. The two other monoclonal CD8+ T cells (red and green) stained strongly by the KRASG12D/A*02:01 tetramer (98.8% and 97.5%, respectively) and minimally (<2%) by the KRASG12V and KRASwt tetramers. The flow gating protocol is outlined in Figure S3. https://scispace.com/papers/recombinant-chimpanzee-adenovirus-adc7-expressing-dimeric-18m9kpf5e0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-protection-against-lung-infection-and-lesion-by-adc7-2rlrqbwj.png Fig. 4. Protection against lung infection and lesion by AdC7-RBD-tr2. Mice lung523 tissues were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, and then sectioned.524 Tissue sections (4 μm) were stained with H&E or anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein525 antibody for pathological examination and virus probing. (A - H) Histopathology and526 immunofluorescence analysis of lung tissue sections from batch 1 mice with single527 immunization. (I - P) Histopathology and immunofluorescence analysis of lung tissue528 sections from batch 2 mice with two doses immunization. (A - D, and I - L) Images of529 lung pathology from sham group (A, B, I and J) and AdC7-RBD-tr2 group (C, D, K,530 and L). Both low magnifications (A, C, I and K) and high magnifications (B, D, J and531 L) are shown. (E - H, and M - P) Images of immunofluorescence from sham group (E,532 F, M and N) and AdC7-RBD-tr2 group (G, H, O, and P). Both low magnifications (E,533 G, M and O) and high magnifications (F, H, N and P) are shown. Scale bar in low534 magnifications images, 100 μm. Scale bar in high magnifications images, 30 μm.535 https://scispace.com/papers/recombinant-protein-stability-in-cyanobacteria-22123j1ogi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-genomic-dna-and-protein-analyses-of-transformant-2s0odi2l.png Figure 4. Genomic DNA and protein analyses of transformant Synechocystis expressing variants of the CpcB*ISPS fusion protein. (A) Genomic DNA PCR analysis testing for transgenic DNA copy homoplasmy in Synechocystis transformants using cpc_5′ forward and cpcA_rv reverse primers (Figure 3). Absence of WT PCR product in the transformants indicated achievement of transgenic DNA copy homoplasmy. (B) Genomic DNA PCR analysis testing for the correct insertion of the transgenic DNA in Synechocystis transformants using cpcB_fw and ISPS_rv primers. (C) Evaluation of the expression level of CpcB*ISPS fusion variants in the transformants of Synechocystis. Analysis was conducted using rabbit-raised polyclonal antibodies against the ISPS protein, as previously described.25 Sample loading corresponds to 0.5 μg of chlorophyll. Note the strong cross-reaction of the antibodies with protein bands in the extracts from the cpcB*L7*ISPS (R) and cpcB*L7*L7*tev*ISPS (L*tev) strains and the almost absence of a cross-reaction with extracts from the *tev and G*tev transformant cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-assessment-of-the-presence-accumulation-of-cleaved-8l84zm7t.png Figure 9. Assessment of the presence/accumulation of cleaved tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFC-cl) as a function of time during the growth of transformant Synechocystis in batch cultures. (A) Schematic of the DNA construct for expressing the codon-optimized tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFC) gene, as a fusion with the phycocyanin-encoding β-subunit cpcB gene, with the latter in the leader sequence position. The cpcB*tev*TTFC construct was followed by a spectinomycin resistance cassette (smR) in an operon configuration. The L7 comprises DNA encoding seven amino acids, as in Figure 3, whereas His6x and tev encode the 6xHisTag and TEV cleavage sites, respectively. This construct is referred to as the cpcB*tev*TTFC. (B) Genomic DNA PCR analysis of the WT, cpcB*L7*L7*tev*ISPS (L*tev), and the cpcB*tev*TTFC strains testing for transgenic DNA copy homoplasmy in Synechocystis transformants. cpc_5′ forward and cpcA_rv reverse primers were used for the PCR analysis of WT and the L*tev strains (Figure 3), whereas the cpcB_fw forward and cpcA_rv reverse primers were used to analyze the three cpcB*tev*TTFC lines. The absence of L*tev PCR product in the transformant lines indicated achievement of transgenic DNA copy homoplasmy. (C) Total cellular protein extracts from wild type (WT), cpcB*L7*L7*tev*ISPS (L*tev), and the cpcB*tev*TTFC transformants, as well as three replicates of the cpcB*tev*TTFC+SUMO*TEV double transformants cells, were resolved by SDS-PAGE and visualized by Coomassie-stain. Sample loading corresponds to 0.5 μg of chlorophyll. Individual native and heterologous proteins of interest are indicated to the right of the gel. (D) Total protein extracts of (C) were subjected to Western blot analysis with specific polyclonal antibodies raised against the TTFC protein. Note the accumulation of the CpcB*tev*TTFC fusion protein as a 73 kDa band in the cpcB*tev*TTFC extracts and the substantial presence of the cleaved TTFC-cl protein, migrating to ∼52 kDa, apparently the result of a TEV cleavage of the CpcB*tev*TTFC fusion protein in the double transformants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-protein-expression-analysis-of-synechocystis-wild-3nb4k8bf.png Figure 2. Protein expression analysis of Synechocystis wild type and TEV expressing transformants. (A) Total cellular protein extracts were resolved by SDS-PAGE and visualized by Coomassie-stain. Total protein extracts from wild type (WT), nptI-TEV, SUMO*TEV, and nptI*TEV transformant cells were loaded onto the SDS-PAGE. One nanogram of recombinant TEV was also loaded as a control (r-TEV). Individual native and heterologous proteins of interest are indicated to the right of the gel. Sample loading corresponds to 1 μg of chlorophyll. (B) Total protein extracts of (A) were subjected to Western blot analysis. Specific polyclonal antibodies against the TEV were used to probe target proteins. Note the faint specific antibody cross-reaction with proteins migrating to ∼38 and ∼58 kDa in the SUMO*TEV and nptI*TEV strains, respectively, compared with the strong cross-reaction of the antibodies with the r-TEV control. (C) Biomass accumulation curves of Synechocystis wild type and SUMO*TEV and nptI*TEV transformants, as measured from the optical density of the cultures at 730 nm (OD730). Cells were grown under 100 μmol photons m−2 s−1 of incident PAR intensity. Cultures were inoculated to an OD730 of about 0.05, as the initial cell concentration in the biomass accumulation experiment. Measurements were taken every 2 days through day 6 of growth with two replicates per strain. (D) Coloration of liquid cultures upon culture inoculum (0 d) and after 6 days of growth (6 d). Note that the nptI*TEV and SUMO*TEV transformant strains showed the same blue-green coloration as the WT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-genomic-and-protein-analyses-of-double-2deujdam.png Figure 5. Genomic and protein analyses of double transformants expressing both CpcB*ISPS fusion and TEV variants. (A) Genomic DNA PCR analysis testing for transgenic DNA copy homoplasmy in Synechocystis cpcB*L7*L7*tev*ISPS (L*tev) transformants upon installation of the TEV constructs shown in Figure 1. A2_5′ forward and A2_3′ reverse primers (Figure 1) were used for the PCR reaction analysis. The absence of WT PCR product in the double transformants indicated achievement of transgenic DNA copy homoplasmy. (B) Genomic DNA PCR analysis testing for correct insertion of the transgenic DNA in Synechocystis transformants using A2_5′ forward and TEV_rv reverse primers. (C) Total cellular protein extracts were resolved by SDS-PAGE and visualized by Coomassie-stain. Total protein extracts from wild type (WT), cpcB*L7*L7*tev*ISPS (L*tev) transformant, and L*tev+nptI-TEV, L*tev+nptI*TEV and L*tev+SUMO*TEV double transformant cells were loaded onto the SDS-PAGE lanes. Individual native and heterologous proteins of interest are indicated to the right of the gel. Sample loading corresponds to 0.5 μg of chlorophyll. Notice the accumulation of the ∼84 kDa CpcB*L7*L7*tev*ISPS fusion protein in the L*tev and L*tev+nptITEV samples, the vastly lower amounts of this ∼84 kDa fusion protein in the L*tev+nptI*TEV and L*tev+SUMO*TEV double transformants, and the appearance of a ∼ 21 kDa cleavage product (CpcB-cl) in the latter. (D) Total protein extracts of (C) were subjected to Western blot analysis. Specific polyclonal antibodies against the CpcB subunit of phycocyanin were used to probe target proteins. Note the presence of the ∼21 kDa CpcB-cl protein, as indicated by the cross-reaction with CpcB antibodies, supporting the notion of a successful cleavage of the CpcB*L7*L7*tev*ISPS fusion protein by the TEV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-assessment-of-the-presence-accumulation-of-cleaved-krquy4dc.png Figure 8. Assessment of the presence/accumulation of cleaved α-interferon (IFN-cl) as a function of time during the growth of transformant Synechocystis in batch cultures. (A) Schematic of the cpcB*tev*IFN construct for expressing the codon-optimized human α-interferon (IFN) gene as a fusion construct with the phycocyanin-encoding β-subunit cpcB gene, with the latter in the leader sequence position. The construct was adapted from previous work20 replacing the factor Xa cleavage site with the TEV cleavage site (tev). (B) Cultures were inoculated at OD730 = 0.05 and photoautotrophically grown for 12-days. A 50 mL sample from each culture was harvested every 2 days through day 6 and eventually after 12 days of growth, displayed here for comparative appearance. (C) Total cellular protein extracts from WT, cpcB*tev*IFN (Figure 8C, left panel), and two biological replicates of cpcB*tev*IFN+SUMO*TEV double transformants (Figure 8C, right panel) were resolved by SDS-PAGE and visualized by Coomassie-stain. Sample loading corresponds to 0.5 μg of chlorophyll. Individual native and heterologous proteins of interest are indicated to the right of the gel. One nanogram of recombinant IFN was also loaded as a control (r-IFN). (D) Total protein extracts of (C) were subjected to Western blot analysis with specific polyclonal antibodies raised against the IFN protein. Note the faint presence of the IFN-cl in the early stages of growth in the cultures (0−4 days of cultivation) and the declining or absent IFN-cl at longer times (e.g., 6−12 days). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-schematic-depicting-the-activity-of-tev-on-the-1rp0q6mu.png Figure 11. Schematic depicting the activity of TEV on the CpcB*tev*ISPS (upper), CpcB*tev*IFN (middle), and CpcB*tev*TTFC (lower) fusion protein constructs. In all cases, proteolytic cleavage of the “tev” domain by the TEV protease resulted in the separation and release of the ISPS, IFN, and TTFC from the CpcB fusion configuration, respectively. The schematic also depicts how the eukaryotic isoprene synthase (ISPS), a vascular plant protein, and interferon (IFN), a human protein, were unstable as free proteins and were degraded by the cyanobacterial cytosol. On the contrary, the prokaryotic tetanus toxin fragment C protein (TTFC) was stable upon cleavage of the “tev” domain and accumulated as a free protein to high levels in the cyanobacterial cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-constructs-designed-for-expression-of-the-tev-k35lvjvz.png Figure 1. Constructs designed for expression of the TEV protease in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Synechocystis) and PCR verification of transgenic DNA homoplasmy upon transformation of Synechocystis. (A) The psbA2 locus, as it occurs in wild type Synechocystis. This DNA sequence is referred to as the wild type (WT). Note the location of primers used in genomic DNA PCR reaction analysis, denoted by horizontal arrows. (B) Replacement of the psbA2 gene in the psbA2 locus with a construct comprising the PTRC promoter, the kanamycin resistance cassette (nptI) gene, followed by the codon optimized TEV gene in an operon configuration. This DNA construct is referred to as nptI-TEV. (C) Replacement of the psbA2 gene in the psbA2 locus with a construct comprising the PTRC promoter followed by the codon optimized nptI*TEV genes in a fusion construct configuration with the nptI gene serving as a leader sequence. (D) Replacement of the psbA2 gene in the psbA2 locus with a construct comprising the PTRC promoter followed by the codon optimized SUMO*TEV genes in a fusion construct configuration with the SUMO gene serving as a leader sequence. (E) Genomic DNA PCR analysis testing for transgenic DNA copy homoplasmy in Synechocystis transformants using A2_5′ forward and A2_3′ reverse primers. Absence of WT PCR product in the transformants indicated achievement of transgenic DNA copy homoplasmy. (F) Genomic DNA PCR analysis testing for correct insertion of the transgenic DNA in Synechocystis transformants using A2_5′ forward and TEV_rv reverse primers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-the-accumulation-of-cleaved-isps-isps-3aasc33d.png Figure 6. Comparison of the accumulation of cleaved ISPS (ISPS-cl) and cleaved CpcB (CpcB-cl) moieties in the L*tev+nptI*TEV and L*tev +SUMO*TEV double transformants. (A) Total cellular protein extracts were resolved by SDS-PAGE and visualized by Coomassie-stain. Extracts from wild type (WT), cpcB*L7*L7*tev*ISPS (L*tev), and three replicates of the L*tev+nptI*TEV and L*tev+SUMO*TEV double transformants were loaded onto the SDS-PAGE lanes. Sample loading corresponds to 0.5 μg of chlorophyll. Individual native and heterologous proteins of interest are indicated to the right of the gel. (B) Total protein extracts of (A) were subjected to Western blot analysis with specific polyclonal antibodies raised against the ISPS protein. Note the strong antibody cross-reaction with a protein band migrating to ∼84 kDa in the L*tev lane and the weaker cross-reactions with bands of ∼84 kd in the double transformants. Also note the absence of a putative ISPS-cl in the anticipated ∼63 kDa region. (C) Total protein extracts of (A) were subjected to Western blot analysis with polyclonal antibodies against the CpcB subunit of phycocyanin. Note the antibody cross-reaction with a protein band migrating to ∼84 kDa in the L*tev lane and the much weaker cross-reaction with bands of ∼84 kd in the double transformants. Also note the presence of the CpcB-cl in the anticipated ∼21 kDa region. https://scispace.com/papers/recommendation-of-rilem-tc-237-sib-on-affinity-between-2saui8zs45 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-recommended-classes-for-affinity-between-aggregate-1n79jprg.png Table 2. Recommended classes for affinity between aggregate and binders https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ranking-between-laboratories-for-each-test-methods-3h91pp9y.png Table 1. Ranking between laboratories for each test methods https://scispace.com/papers/recombination-dependent-replication-new-perspectives-from-2xhc1i5q4p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-features-of-dna-synthesis-associated-to-replication-3azf533q.png Table 1: Features of DNA synthesis associated to replication restart mechanisms https://scispace.com/papers/recombination-rates-from-potential-models-close-to-the-2x94r95mrn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-the-recombination-rate-k3-at-threshold-1ff5cd72.png FIG. 5. (Color online) The recombination rate K3 at threshold for different values of the product κ∗a. The red circles are the results using the TBG potential, whereas the green squares are the results using the TBG+H3B potential. The points have been fitted with Eq. (21), obtaining + 6 × 10−2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-selected-experimental-results-of-the-indicated-3uf70y6a.png TABLE I. Selected experimental results of the indicated experiments and selected ratios compared to the results of the present work (using the TBG+H3B potential). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-the-recombination-rate-k3-at-threshold-as-3c6dc1ea.png FIG. 6. (Color online) The recombination rate K3 at threshold as a function of E13/E2. The red circles are the results using the TBG potential, whereas the green squares are the results using the TBG+H3B potential. The dashed line corresponds to the zero-range theory, while the solid line is the translation of the zero-range curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-the-recombination-rate-k3-and-the-39ex8c0v.png FIG. 7. (Color online) The recombination rate K3 and the dissociation rate D3 for the 1/2+ state in the nucleon-deuteron system as a function of the energy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-ratio-between-the-energy-of-the-ground-193e8mi7.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Ratio between the energy of the ground (upper panel) and first excited (lower panel) state of the trimer and the dimer binding energy as a function of κ∗a. The dashed line is the universal prediction of the Efimov law given by Eq. (9) without shift ( n = 0), while the solid line is the translated universal curve. The circles and squares are the calculations using the TBG and TBG+H3B potentials, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-the-coefficients-of-the-scattering-wave-3qlrl1g4.png FIG. 8. (Color online) The coefficients of the scattering wave function as a function of the hyperradius ρ. The picture show the Jacobi set of coordinates used, whereas the shadow box indicates the two coefficients surviving at long distances. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-effective-range-function-as-a-30kqpui6.png FIG. 2. (Color online) The effective-range function as a function of (ka)2 for two different values of κ∗a; in the upper panel, κ∗a = 0.36, and, in the lower panel, κ∗a = 0.56. The dimer threshold corresponds to (ka)2 ≈ 4/3. The (red) circles are the calculations below the dimer threshold of Ref. [8]. The (green) triangles are the present calculations. The solid line is Eq. (12), whereas the dashed line is an effective-range parametrization (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-the-recombination-rate-k3-and-the-2kazr2bc.png FIG. 4. (Color online) The recombination rate K3 and the dissociation rate D3 for three-helium atoms with the TBG+H3B potential (λ = 1) as a function of the three-body energy E. https://scispace.com/papers/recommendations-for-benefit-risk-assessment-methodologies-3b3zci58ry 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-of-a-quantitative-analysis-using-mcda-for-upyfwpiy.png Figure 4. Results of a quantitative analysis (using MCDA) for the efalizumab example. The difference display shows the contribution of the weighted difference between drug and placebo for each effect. Right-extending (green) bars favour the drug and left-extending (red) bars favour the placebo, for a 17.5 total difference (out of 100) in favour of efalizumab. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-flowchart-indicating-the-difference-between-352z94vp.png Figure 3. Flowchart indicating the difference between quantitative and qualitative benefit-risk assessments, with recommended methods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sensitivity-analysis-for-the-efalizumab-case-study-3i545cua.png Figure 5. Sensitivity analysis for the efalizumab case study, showing the effect of changing the weight on the PML criterion in MCDA. The vertical red line represents the current weight of 18.5 (out of a total of 100 for all five criteria). The intersections of that line with the slanting red and green lines define the 17.5 difference noted in Figure 4. If the PML weight is increased beyond 32, then the benefit-risk balance favours the placebo. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-drugs-forming-the-basis-of-the-protect-benefit-risk-31tlrzmi.png Table 2. Drugs forming the basis of the PROTECT Benefit-Risk case studies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-five-stage-roadmap-and-recommendations-for-2ey2ieax.png Figure 6. The five-stage Roadmap and Recommendations for benefit-risk assessments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-structure-and-critical-path-for-applying-the-3m6aokw9.png Figure 1. The structure and critical path for applying the methods in the case studies. (a) generic template, (b) efalizumab case study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-13-methodologies-their-features-and-an-13xjetal.png Table 1. The 13 methodologies, their features and an explanation of how they were used in the case studies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-table-for-the-efalizumab-example-3cw7b5jg.png Table 3. Effects table for the efalizumab example. https://scispace.com/papers/recommendations-for-policy-and-practice-of-telepsychotherapy-3wojewuygt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structured-overview-of-25-recommendations-to-n14obkxp.png Figure 1. Structured overview of 25 recommendations to provide high quality e-mental health, in particular telepsychotherapy, to clients. https://scispace.com/papers/recommendations-for-the-next-generation-of-global-freshwater-30yu80syup 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-box-1-conceptual-figure-showing-an-intertidal-food-1ehzobd1.png Figure 1, Box 1: Conceptual figure showing an intertidal food web in its natural state (control food web) and affected by nutrient enrichment and organic matter supplements (multiple stressor food web) where the nodes and lines represent species and trophic links, respectively. The food web under the influence of multiple stressors supported larger and more generalist top predators, had higher connectance between species, and lower biodiversity. Taken from O‘Gorman et al. (2012). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-locations-of-1000-lakes-monitored-by-the-globaqua-2mivkk5s.png Figure 3: Locations of 1000 lakes monitored by the Globaqua project using MERIS data between 2002 and 2012. Data covers 15 spectral bands across the globe every 3 days with 260x300m resolution. Indicators measured include physical variables such as temperature and turbidity, and biotic indicators such as chlorophyll-a. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-box-2-locations-of-citizen-science-monitoring-sites-ehte2w64.png Figure 2, Box 2: Locations of citizen science monitoring sites in (a) South Africa (miniSASS) and (b) United Kingdom (Riverfly Partnership). Sites are categorised as very poor (filled triangle), poor (filled circle), fair (grey circle), good (open circle) or very good (open triangle) health (and therefore from low to high invertebrate diversity) https://scispace.com/papers/recommendations-for-spectral-fitting-of-so-2-from-max-doas-1blsa3sckg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-so2-dscds-fit-from-higher-concentration-167qn4qg.png Figure 2. The SO2 dSCDs’ fit from higher concentration measurements at 2◦ (left column) and 30◦ (right column) elevation angles for the base case, B; with the offset, B+O; with the filter, B+F; and with the filter and offset, B+F+O. Grey and black areas indicate that dSCDs were > 10 % less and > 10 % more than the expected value, respectively. The true value of the cell is 2.2× 1017 molec. cm−2 (yellow). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-so2-absorption-cross-section-and-variation-in-the-3779f23o.png Figure 8. SO2 absorption cross section and variation in the SO2 dSCDs with λlow and with λhigh = 324 nm for higher (a) and lower (b) concentration measurements for the base case, B; with the offset, B+O; and with the filter, B+F. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-measured-spectral-intensity-for-185t37be.png Figure 4. Comparison of the measured spectral intensity for the 2 and 30◦ viewing elevation angle spectra with the lower concentration cell without the short-pass filter, and the absorption cross section of SO2 smoothed to the spectral resolution of the instrument. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-higher-concentration-fit-errors-deviations-of-so2-29ld0j9w.png Figure 3. Higher concentration fit errors (deviations of SO2 dSCDs from the expected value of 2.2× 1017 molec. cm−2) from the measurements at 2◦ (left column) and 30◦ (right column) elevation angles for the base case, B; with the offset, B+O; with the filter, B+F; and with the filter and offset, B+F+O. Purple and green areas indicate under- and overestimation of the expected value, respectively. Black and grey areas indicate dSCDs over- and underestimated by more than 8.0× 1016 molec. cm−2, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-so2-absorption-cross-section-and-variation-in-the-ye3tn3t0.png Figure 7. SO2 absorption cross section and variation in the SO2 dSCDs with λlow and with λhigh = 315 nm for higher (a) and lower (b) concentration measurements for the base case, B; with the offset, B+O; and with the filter, B+F. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-lower-concentration-so2-dscds-fit-errors-a-b-c-and-5r59lnkl.png Figure 10. Lower concentration SO2 dSCDs’ fit errors (a, b, c) and the difference between the fit uncertainty and error (d, e, f) from spectra measured at a 2◦ elevation angle for the base case, B; with the offset, B+O; and with the filter, B+F. Black areas indicate errors of > 2.2×1016 molec. cm−2 for the absolute error (a, b, c) and a > 1.1×1016 molec. cm−2 underestimation of the fit error by the fit uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-so2-dscds-fit-from-the-lower-concentration-1h6u660k.png Figure 5. SO2 dSCDs’ fit from the lower concentration measurements at 2◦ (left column) and 30◦ (right column) elevation angles for the base case, B; with the offset, B+O; with the filter, B+F; and with the filter and offset, B+F+O. Grey and black areas indicate dSCDs that were < 50 % less and > 50 % more than the expected value, respectively. The true value of the higher concentration cell is 2.2×1016 molec. cm−2 (yellow). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-higher-concentration-so2-dscds-fit-uncertainties-a-plrkxg4b.png Figure 9. Higher concentration SO2 dSCDs’ fit uncertainties (a, b, c) and the difference between the fit error and uncertainty (d, e, f) from spectra measured at a 2◦ elevation angle for the base case, B; with the offset, B+O; and with the filter, B+F. Black areas indicate errors > 1.1×1016 molec. cm−2 for the absolute error (a, b, c) and > 2.2×1016 molec. cm−2 for the difference (underestimation) between the actual and fit error. https://scispace.com/papers/recommendations-for-the-long-term-treatment-of-psoriasis-5d8obq83tc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-acceptable-threshold-of-improvement-with-biological-29hdvmx4.png Table 2. Acceptable threshold of improvement with biological therapy https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-discontinuation-reintroduction-of-infliximab-therapy-1lfbjj41.png Table 3. Discontinuation/reintroduction of infliximab therapy following change in the patient’s health status https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-algorithm-for-the-initial-course-of-treatment-of-1vmmfbd1.png Fig. 2. Algorithm for the initial course of treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis with infliximab. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-delphi-participants-2kukc8tr.png Fig. 1. Delphi participants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-decision-points-when-treating-with-biological-2y30lf8b.png Table 1. Key decision points when treating with biological agents https://scispace.com/papers/recommending-insurance-riders-wc5930sl6f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-riders-popularity-distribution-1xixz1g8.png Figure 2: Riders popularity distribution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-base-policy-popularity-distribution-1qddq71a.png Figure 1: Base policy popularity distribution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-riders-per-customer-distribution-2nzzexow.png Figure 3: Riders per customer distribution https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-domain-properties-comparison-2xcark96.png Table 1: Summary of domain properties comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-precision-recall-results-for-recommending-riders-to-oo5ne3rs.png Figure 4: Precision-Recall results for recommending riders to customers. https://scispace.com/papers/reconceptualizing-motivational-climate-in-physical-education-k42r879srb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-redefined-target-structures-and-interdisciplinary-34jown9i.png Table 1. Redefined TARGET structures and interdisciplinary connections 540 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-different-disciplines-that-impact-on-motivational-2ew5rg1r.png Fig 1. The different disciplines that impact on motivational climate in PE and sport coaching 532 https://scispace.com/papers/reconciliation-of-human-and-machine-speech-recognition-40xfaa1k7c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-simple-example-of-a-integration-of-bottom-up-1lcfqhjk.png Fig. 1. A simple example of a integration of bottom up, acoustic recognition with a top-down, context based recognition. The numbers corresponds to the labels—the correct label is L=1. The context specifies K labels that are consistent with the context. https://scispace.com/papers/reconfigurable-applications-using-gcmscript-3lqpb1tawl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-gcmscript-model-with-the-extension-for-metric-rule-1fmkl9nx.png Fig. 3. The GCMScript Model with the extension for Metric, Rule and Plan https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-load-distribution-22zlw8mp.png Fig. 5. Load distribution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-gcmscript-interpreter-delegation-272ych1m.png Fig. 2. GCMScript interpreter delegation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-md5-hash-cracker-component-9bbgrvqu.png Fig. 4. The MD5-Hash Cracker component https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-grid-component-model-gcm-notation-2czenl84.png Fig. 1. Grid Component Model (GCM) notation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-solvers-response-time-for-the-cracking-request-1qjovudh.png Fig. 6. Solvers response time for the cracking request https://scispace.com/papers/reconfigurable-partially-reflective-surface-antennas-42h3c02umt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-radiation-patterns-of-the-proposed-antenna-at-5-5ghz-2xu5x7wu.png Fig. 2. Radiation patterns of the proposed antenna at 5.5GHz. Compared to some state-of-the-art pattern reconfigurable PRS antennas, the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phased-array-fed-prs-antenna-a-side-view-b-array-38mlfqju.png Fig. 1. Phased array fed PRS antenna (a) side view, (b) array source, and (c) reconfigurable PRS https://scispace.com/papers/reconfigurable-auv-for-intervention-missions-a-case-study-on-32jvc6qor0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-test-scenario-at-cirs-univ-of-girona-an-iauv-has-2i7eq8xb.png Fig. 1 The test scenario at CIRS (Univ. of Girona). An IAUV has to autonomously search for a flight data recorder, placed at an unknown position in a water tank, and recover it. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-error-in-pixels-between-actual-object-position-in-the-36d0xj24.png Fig. 16 Error in pixels between actual object position in the image and desired object position https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-3d-representation-of-part-of-the-auv-trajectory-b8jp8xkr.png Fig. 14 3D representation of part of the AUV trajectory during survey, obtained by direct image to poster image registration. The blue ellipsoids (at the base of the camera icons) represent the uncertainty volumes on the vehicle location at 95% probability. To allow better visualization, the ellipsoid axis were enlarged 5x. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-the-trajectory-followed-by-the-vehicle-for-the-4k1qzt90.png Fig. 15 The trajectory followed by the vehicle for the intervention. The small displacement and the end of the trajectory is due to the visual station keeping. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-girona-500-auv-in-a-survey-configuration-hhfob506.png Fig. 2 The GIRONA 500 AUV in a survey configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-top-a-virtual-model-of-the-cirs-water-tank-bottom-cj9lwfmk.png Fig. 8 Top: a virtual model of the CIRS water tank. Bottom: virtual visualization of the real execution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-mosaic-generated-after-the-survey-compare-with-21pg9vq7.png Fig. 13 The mosaic generated after the survey. Compare with Figure 11. The black box can be appreciated on the top-right corner. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-projection-of-the-arm-workspace-together-with-the-d-3r17n2e0.png Fig. 4 A projection of the arm workspace, together with the D-H links [5] (marked as blue cylinders) and the current configuration of the camera (C). https://scispace.com/papers/reconciling-organic-residue-analysis-faunal-archaeobotanical-2ds440a7io 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-structure-of-typical-west-cotton-hearth-with-a-24hdfarb.png Fig. 10 Structure of typical West Cotton hearth, with a central hearth stone partially surrounded by a surface of pitched stone often including pottery sherds https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-site-phase-plans-showing-the-development-from-late-1rnople3.png Fig. 2 Site phase plans showing the development from late Saxon to medieval: a. late Saxon phase (950-1100) with its grid of boundary ditches and timber buildings, b. post-Conquest https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-typical-shelly-coarseware-jar-reconstructed-34s0ymwd.png Fig. 5 Typical Shelly coarseware jar (reconstructed) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-histograms-showing-tag-distributions-present-in-the-34kwb5tl.png Fig. 7 Histograms showing TAG distributions present in the TLEs extracted from The West Cotton potsherds. Acyl carbon number distributions range from C40 to C54, usually maximising at C52. Lipid profiles from RP4, RP10 and RP88 display typically narrow TAG distributions, maximising at C52, with the C50 in slightly lower abundance. In comparison, the C46, C48 and C54 are minor components. This is characteristic of a porcine product origin. Lower molecular weight TAGs (C40 to C46) which characterise dairy products were present in vessels RP60, RP61 and RP72. The histograms are normalised to the most abundant homologue https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-excavation-of-medieval-tenement-e-dated-1250-1450-26y22tev.png Fig. 3 Excavation of medieval tenement E dated 1250-1450 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-graph-showing-a-d13c-values-for-the-c16-0-and-c18-0-18j1lct6.png Fig. 8 Graph showing: a. δ13C values for the C16:0 and C18:0 fatty acids for archaeological fats extracted from the West Cotton vessels. The three fields correspond to the P = 0.684 confidence ellipses for animals raised on a strict C3 diet in Britain (Copley et al., 2003). Each data point represents one potsherd. b shows the Δ13C (δ13C18:0 – δ 13C16:0) values from the same potsherds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-gas-chromatogram-of-trimethylsilylated-total-lipid-20zasxri.png Fig. 6 Gas chromatogram of trimethylsilylated total lipid extract (TLEs) from potsherd WC4 excavated from West Cotton, Raunds, denoting the processing of animal products. Chromatographic peak identities denoted by filled circles indicating straight-chain fatty acids in the carbon chain range C14:0 to C18:0, maximising at C18:0. DAG, diacylglycerols; TAG, triacylglycerols https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequencies-of-the-main-domestic-taxa-by-percentage-ykcszceb.png Table 1. Frequencies of the main domestic taxa by percentage and (MNI) https://scispace.com/papers/reconsidering-baron-and-kenny-myths-and-truths-about-2nucg9g9ev 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-18uedjpl.png FIGURE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3rvvyoq4.png FIGURE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1gmqkyhk.png FIGURE 3 https://scispace.com/papers/reconfigurable-image-registration-on-fpga-platforms-4hkuhgh63u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-trade-offs-for-different-pvv-values-2js9rzn4.png Fig 6. Trade-offs for different PVV values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dataflow-model-of-mutual-information-subsystem-d1bub058.png Fig 2. Dataflow model of Mutual Information subsystem. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-top-level-model-of-image-registration-application-35l9r65e.png Fig 1. Top level model of image registration application. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-intra-versus-inter-pixel-parallelism-28cpu8vt.png Fig 5. Comparison of intra- versus inter-pixel parallelism modes for different PVV values. https://scispace.com/papers/reconfiguration-of-assembly-lines-under-the-influence-of-6qfy6dfvuv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-additional-notation-60zeya7e.png Table 2.: Additional notation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-for-the-second-test-problem-3qxo4ex4.png Table 4.: Results for the second test problem https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-the-first-workshop-29xlr8ez.png Table 3.: Results of the first workshop https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-two-workplaces-considered-for-a-reconfiguration-2uhziq2u.png Figure 7.: Two workplaces considered for a reconfiguration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-layout-of-the-regarded-assembly-line-system-1r478tm7.png Figure 1.: Layout of the regarded assembly line system https://scispace.com/papers/reconstructed-protein-sequence-evolution-consistent-with-the-4n5a4ni3ui 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-enzymes-investigated-as-part-of-this-study-37il7zdf.png Table 1: List of enzymes investigated as part of this study, and the set of C4 subpathways each enzyme was inferred to contribute to based on the literature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-models-for-different-histories-of-selection-and-the-1sz9ykqb.png Figure 3: Models for different histories of selection and the predicted outcomes on dN/dS ratios. Case 1 shows a classical case of positive selection leading to change in function, while Case 2 shows a case where an enzyme might have gone through a mixture of positive and purifying selection leading to a change in function and a final purifying selection period to maintain the new enzymatic function. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-enzymes-employed-in-this-study-which-showed-1b1o4sa7.png Table 2: List of enzymes employed in this study which showed elevated rates of protein sequence evolution relative to the C3 background in one or more branches leading to C4 species. Cases highlighted in red showed elevated rates of protein sequence evolution in at least one branch which is inconsistent with the canonical assignment of MPC grasses into three clades each utilizing a single distinct C4 pathway. *this branch was marginally insignificant p = 0.062. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-potential-models-for-the-evolution-of-c4-ww22k3bj.png Figure 1: Potential models for the evolution of C4 photosynthesis in the MPC clade. A) The common ancestor of the MPC clade utilized C3 or another non-C4 pathway and C4 evolved independently in the three subtribes utilizing different C4 pathways Washburn et al. (2015); B) The common ancestor of the MPC clade utilized the C4 NADP-ME pathway and the NAD-ME and PCK clades represent later evolutionary changes from one C4 subtype to another; C) The common ancestor of the MPC clade utilized either the C4 NAD-ME and PCK pathways or a mix of both; D) The common ancestor of the MPC clade utilized utilized all three pathways simultaneously (Washburn et al., 2017). Black arrow indicates the ancestral branch for the MPC subclade within the Paniceae. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simplified-pathway-representation-of-the-three-main-3v7bmxon.png Figure 4: Simplified pathway representation of the three main C4 photosynthesis subtypes including the C3, C2 and photorespiratory pathways. Enzymes studied here are represented in bold. Mitochondrial pathway of the C2 cycle is the same as the mitochondrial photorespiratory cycle. However the mitochondrial pathway occurs in the bundle sheath cell in the C2 cycle and in the mesophyll cell in the photorespiratory cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simplified-pathway-representation-of-the-three-main-27abhn90.png Figure 2: Simplified pathway representation of the three main C4 photosynthesis subtypes. Enzymes where protein sequence evolutionary rates were calculated as part of this study are indicated in bold. https://scispace.com/papers/reconsidering-tokens-the-neolithic-origins-of-accounting-or-21882pymr3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-disc-shaped-co-105-stamped-on-both-sides-tell-sabi-14nc91t3.png Figure 9. Disc-shaped CO# 105, stamped on both sides. Tell Sabi Abyad tier 1 collection. (Above) Front and reverse sides; (centre) Front side in black and white with detail of impression; (below) Section and longitudinal view. (Photograph: author.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-examples-of-small-clay-artefacts-not-recorded-as-2gvhq9aw.png Figure 4. Examples of small clay artefacts, not recorded as geometric clay objects. (Top left) Probable figurine fragment (horn from a zoomorphic figurine, Çatalhöyük); (top right) Naturally-shaped cylindrical object (formed by clay/soil naturally drying inside reed, a common plant at Boncuklu Höyük, thus these clay formations are abundant at the site); (below) Clay has clearly been manipulated by a human hand, with fingerprints and fingertip depressions evident, Çatalhöyük. However, it has not been intentionally formed into a recognizable geometric shape. (Photographs: author.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-above-selection-of-ain-ghazal-spheres-from-the-3txkx0j9.png Figure 11. (Above) Selection of ‘Ain Ghazal spheres from the total of 11 that were viewed (left to right, top to bottom: CO#s 1693, 1697, 1694, 1701, 1712, 1713, 1715 and 1718); (below) Incised objects at ‘Ain Ghazal: (left) Incised limestone cone (CO#1700); (right) Incised pebble (CO#1711). (Photographs: author, courtesy of Z. Kafafi and G. Rollefson of the ‘Ain Ghazal Project.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-co-226-truncated-cone-with-square-base-tell-sabi-k7ymj3vs.png Figure 10. CO# 226, truncated cone with square base, Tell Sabi Abyad. (Above) Front and back; (below) Viewed from above (plan view) and base. (Photographs: author.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-west-asia-showing-the-location-of-sites-discussed-yjzh26al.png Figure 2. West Asia, showing the location of sites discussed in the text by detail or tier of study. (Map: made with Natural Earth vector and raster map data from @naturalearthdata.com, with the kind assistance of Dominic Baker.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-range-and-proportion-of-three-1jotnqhu.png Figure 5. Comparison of the range and proportion of three-dimensional shapes represented by the clay object assemblages of the case-study sites. (Above) Basic shape and (below) detailed shape (shapes representing five per cent or greater of a site’s assemblage are detailed). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-examples-of-clay-objects-from-boncuklu-hoyuk-with-37a93gix.png Figure 6. Examples of clay objects from Boncuklu Höyük with impressions. (Above) CO# 1347; (centre) CO# 2785; (below) CO# 656. (Photographs: author.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-three-different-clay-objects-from-boncuklu-hoyuk-2zyvolf2.png Figure 7. Three different clay objects from Boncuklu Höyük, each displaying similar markings, size, colour and shape. Left to right: CO#s 1508, 871 & 1465. (Photographs: author.) https://scispace.com/papers/reconstructing-an-image-from-its-local-descriptors-1o6snqjtz3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-from-left-to-right-the-original-picture-and-the-1r4znhex.png Figure 4. From left to right: the original picture and the reconstruction before and after completion of uncovered regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-reconstruction-of-famous-buildings-scenario-i-sxli4rs2.png Figure 8. Reconstruction of famous buildings (Scenario I). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-scenario-i-reconstructions-of-images-from-copydays-1p0zb2qx.png Figure 6. Scenario I: Reconstructions of images from Copydays using the external dataset Holidays. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-scenario-ii-reconstructions-of-images-from-holidays-1xo75awl.png Figure 7. Scenario II. Reconstructions of images from Holidays using Holidays deprived of query image as external dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-an-example-of-a-picture-with-only-63-regions-of-25323wtq.png Figure 9. An example of a picture with only 63 regions of interest: (left) original picture; (right) reconstruction before completion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-of-elliptical-regions-of-interest-covering-16otccgg.png Figure 3. Number of (elliptical) regions of interest covering each pixel of the original image. Some pixels belong to many regions, but many locations are not or poorly described. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-image-analysis-stage-as-done-by-a-typical-local-2bu36u7p.png Figure 2. Image analysis stage, as done by a typical local description software. Regions of interest are first detected and affine-normalized to a fixed-size square patch, which is subsequently described by a local descriptors and additional meta-data used in geometrical verification. Note that in our reconstruction approach (see Section 3), we will reconstruct elliptic patches out of normalized circular patches. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-left-to-right-original-image-and-its-1tujgesj.png Figure 10. Left to Right: original image and its reconstruction based on an external image set of increasing size: 12, 52 and 1491 images. https://scispace.com/papers/reconstructing-air-shower-parameters-with-lofar-using-event-2t0eq0srae 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-left-example-of-one-density-profile-gdas-and-the-rdykb053.png Fig. 3. Left : Example of one density profile, GDAS and the fitted 5-layered atmospheric model. The bottom panel shows the relative error defined as ρfit −ρdata ρfit . Right : Mean relative error in density for 100 different atmospheric profiles. The mean is calculated at each of the 24 GDAS points for all the profiles. The error bars indicate the standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-quality-of-fit-as-a-function-of-simulated-x-max-for-a-2q2mtcyh.png Fig. 4. Quality of fit as a function of simulated X max for a LOFAR event of energy 1.4 × 10 8 GeV, with a zenith angle of 38 ◦ . Left : simulated with default US standard atmosphere, reconstructed X max = 675.8 g/cm 2 . Applying the linear first order atmospheric correction, the resulting X max = 658 g/cm 2 . Right : simulated with GDAS atmosphere, reconstructed X max = 638.3 g/cm 2 , the reconstructed X max in both the cases is indicated by solid black lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-left-scatter-plot-of-x-max-x-gdas-max-x-us-max-vs-29gxqa62.png Fig. 6. Left : scatter plot of X max = X gdas max − X us max vs difference in slanted mass overburden X 5km = X gdas 5km − X us 5km . The red line is a linear fit to the profile. Right : Histogram shows the residual of fitted and actual X max ; residual = X corr max − X gdas max . https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-shift-in-x-max-for-different-zenith-energy-and-x-max-12iz7g2l.png Table 1 Shift in X max for different zenith, energy and X max bins for different frequency bands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ldf-profiles-for-a-10-17-ev-proton-shower-coming-from-3cltcqo7.png Fig. 8. LDF profiles for a 10 17 eV proton shower coming from zenith 45 ◦ with X max = 593 g / cm 2 . Observers are located to the west of the shower axis. Left : low frequency band between 30–80 MHz, Right : high frequency band between 50–350 MHz. The upper panel shows the LDF of total fluence for the humid and non-humid sets, the lower panel shows the relative difference between these two. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-histogram-for-the-x-max-x-reco-x-real-between-the-3cqqzs6o.png Fig. 9. Histogram for the X max = X reco − X real between the reconstructed and true value of the X max obtained from the Monte Carlo study between the humid and non-humid simulation sets. Left : for the low frequency band of 30–80 MHz. Right : for the high frequency band of 50–350 MHz. The shift in the X max is significant at 2 σ level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-atmospheric-profiles-at-lofar-left-example-of-5-2f84vege.png Fig. 1. Atmospheric profiles at LOFAR. Left : Example of 5 humidity profiles between June to November during the year 2011. Right : 8 profiles for the difference in atmospheric depth between US standard atmosphere and GDAS atmospheres as a function of altitude between the years 2011 − 2016 . https://scispace.com/papers/reconstructing-common-era-relative-sea-level-change-on-the-4rtqacej5m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sediment-beneath-the-little-manatee-river-salt-marsh-w0frnf7s.png Fig. 3. Sediment beneath the Little Manatee River salt marsh described in the field using hand-driven cores collected along three transects. Core LMR-9 was selected for detailed analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-transfer-function-statistics-3tzit93s.png Table 3 Transfer function statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-comparison-of-elevations-measured-at-the-time-of-3jvcs870.png Fig. 7. (A) Comparison of elevations measured at the time of sample collection (observed) and predicted by component 2 of the Weighted Averaging – Partial Least Squares (WA-PLS) transfer function during cross validation of the regional-scale modern training set of salt-marsh foraminifera. (B) Difference (residuals) between observed versus predicted elevations. MHW = mean high water. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-chronology-established-for-core-lmr-9-a-downcore-7mudwwnj.png Fig. 6. Chronology established for core LMR-9. (A) downcore measurements of elements (arsenic and lead) used to identify pollution horizons assumed to correspond to regional-scale industrial and agricultural practices. The 137Cs profile reflects the history of above-ground nuclear weapons testing that peaked in 1963 CE. Casuarina is a genus of trees that are nonnative to Florida. These species were introduced as ornamentals and the first occurrence of Casuarina pollen is therefore an age marker. (B) Bchron age-depth model (mean with 95% credible interval) developed for LMR-9 using marker horizons and radiocarbon dates (gray bars, whose thickness is scaled to calibrated probability). (C) Rate of sediment accumulation estimated for LMR-9 (mean with 95% credible interval) using the Bchron age-depth model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-of-the-little-manatee-sea-level-snv4iz2v.png Fig. 9. Comparison of the Little Manatee sea-level reconstruction (top row) with similar Common Era records from Louisiana (González and Törnqvist, 2009; Törnqvist et al., 2006; middle row of panels) and northeastern Florida (Kemp et al., 2014; lower row of panels). Each record was first detrended by a linear rate of relative sea-level change assumed to be driven primarily by spatially-variable glacio-isostatic adjustment and any other processes causing vertical land motion (e.g. subsidence of the Mississippi Delta). The resulting sea-level trends and rates of sea-level change were estimated using the Errors-in-Variables Integrated Gaussian Process (EIV-IGP) model. Vertical shaded bars indicate when increases in the rate of sealevel change took place (95% credible interval) as estimated by change point analysis. We did not apply this method to the Louisiana record because of the paucity of data after ~1600 CE. Panels on the right side show the difference in rate of sea-level rise between Little Manatee River and Louisiana/northeastern Florida calculated using the EIV-IGP model. The yellow shaded and labeled interval prior to ~0 CE for the Little Manatee River site represents the time period where we contend that local-scale sedimentation processes were the dominant cause of reconstructed RSL trends. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tidal-datums-11s1qkui.png Table 1 Tidal datums. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-relative-sea-level-prediction-for-little-manatee-3ktvaaev.png Fig. 8. (A) Relative sea-level prediction for Little Manatee River from two widely used Earth-ice models (Peltier, 2004; Peltier et al., 2014). For reference a linear rate of change (0.3 mm/yr) is shown in red. (B) Relative sea-level reconstruction from Little Manatee River, Florida developed using foraminifera preserved in a core of dated salt-marsh sediment. Proxy reconstructions are represented by boxes whose width spans the age error of each sample from the Bchron age-depth model and whose height encompasses the vertical uncertainty from the transfer function. These proxy reconstructions were combined with decadal average tide gauge measurements (blue crosses) generated by merging annual average records from Key West, Naples, Fort Meyers and St. Petersburg for the period from 1913 to 2014 CE. The shaded and labeled interval prior to ~0 CE represents the time period where we contend that local-scale sedimentation processes were the dominant cause of reconstructed RSL trends. Application of the Error-in-Variables Integrated Gaussian Process (EIV-IGP) to the combined record described the continuous evolution of relative sea level through time (mean with shaded 68% and 95% credible intervals). Vertical shading denotes 95% credible interval for the timing of statisticallysignificant changes in the rate of RSL rise identified by change point analysis. (C) Rate of relative sea-level change (positive values denote rise) through time estimated by the EIVIGP model. The shaded and labeled interval prior to ~0 CE represents the time period where we contend that local-scale sedimentation processes were the dominant cause of reconstructed RSL trends. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-foraminifera-preserved-in-1-cm-thick-samples-from-core-2m56b1j8.png Fig. 5. Foraminifera preserved in 1-cm thick samples from core LMR-9 (five most abundant species are shown) expressed as percentage abundance. Paleomarsh elevation with respect to contemporary mean high water (MHW) was estimated using the transfer function. Error bars represent a ~1σ, sample-specific uncertainty. Dissimilarity between foraminiferal assemblages in each core sample and its closest analog in the modern training set was measured using the Bray-Curtis metric. Those samples with a minimum dissimilarity (MinDC) that exceeded the 20th percentile of dissimilarities measured among all possible pairings of modern samples were excluded from the resulting relative sea level reconstruction. https://scispace.com/papers/reconstructing-green-s-function-by-correlation-of-the-coda-2mplqbek8u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-range-time-representation-of-c3-functions-in-the-6vovbfep.png Figure 2. Range time representation of C3 functions in the period bands (a) 5–10 s, (b) 10–20 s, and (c) 20–40 s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-map-of-switzerland-and-surrounding-areas-with-2iybrkax.png Figure 1. (a) Map of Switzerland and surrounding areas, with orange stars showing the stations S used to reconstruct the Green’s function between EMV and GIMEL (red triangle). (b) (top) Green’s function between EMVand GIMEL reconstructed by correlating 1 year of noise records (black) and by correlating coda waves reconstructed by noise correlations (colors). We show the two intermediates CII 3 functions where for each station S of the network, the coda of the noise correlation for the path EMV-S and GIMEL-S was selected on the positive noise correlation time (positive-positive, CPP 3, blue dash-dotted line) and on the negative time (negative-negative, CNN 3, red dashed line). Two period band are shown 5– 10 s (first trace) and 10–20 s (second trace). (bottom) The two intermediates functions CNP 3 (blue solid line) and CPN 3 (red dashed line). (c) Noise correlation function between EMVand GIMEL (solid red line) and the stack of the four intermediate CII 3 functions shown with colored lines on Figure 1b (dashed blue line). Two period bands are shown 5–10 s (first trace) and 10–20 s (second trace). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-amplitude-versus-azimuth-of-the-rayleigh-wave-part-2rq84ey5.png Figure 4. Amplitude versus azimuth of the Rayleigh wave part of the Green function obtained (left) from noise correlation and (right) from correlations of coda waves reconstructed by noise correlations for the two period bands (top) 5–10 s and (bottom) 10–20 s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-map-of-switzerland-and-surrounding-areas-with-2wn8w39p.png Figure 3. (a) Map of Switzerland and surrounding areas, with orange stars showing the stations S used to reconstruct the Green’s function between PLONS and ZUR (red triangle). (b) Green’s function between PLONS and ZUR reconstructed by correlating 1 year of noise records (solid black line) and by correlating coda waves reconstructed by noise correlations (colors). We show with different colors the 2 intermediate CII 3 functions where for each station S of the network, the coda of the noise correlation for the path PLONS-S and ZUR-S was selected on the positive noise correlation time (positive-positive, blue dashed line), on the negative time (negative-negative red dash-dotted line). (c) Noise correlation function between PLONS and ZUR (red) and the stack of the 2 CII 3 functions (dashed blue) shown in colored line on the upper panel. Two period bands are shown at 5–10 s (first trace) and 10–20 s (second trace). https://scispace.com/papers/reconstructing-tabbed-browser-sessions-using-metadata-ct9jo0eai5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-browser-history-log-entry-with-relevant-metadata-3m5cv76l.png Figure 2. Browser history log entry with relevant metadata. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-generic-layout-of-a-network-packet-with-relevant-htyldeuu.png Figure 3. Generic layout of a network packet with relevant metadata. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-reconstructed-firefox-browser-sessions-35uw7429.png Figure 5. Reconstructed Firefox browser sessions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-dataset-dl0ltg69.png Table 1. Experimental dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-space-time-diagram-corresponding-to-a-web-request-3buees1d.png Figure 1. Space-time diagram corresponding to a web request. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reconstructed-browser-sessions-2awevifc.png Table 2. Reconstructed browser sessions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-reconstruction-of-multiple-browser-sessions-3eb67qwc.png Figure 4. Reconstruction of multiple browser sessions. https://scispace.com/papers/reconstructing-the-functional-connectivity-of-multiple-spike-5c26wluhpr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2akcp9cg.png Figure 7: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3ahkoq9h.png Figure 6: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-un8kzhyn.png Figure 4: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-83164lex.png Figure 3: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2nzkn7rt.png Figure 5: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1q0ugvhv.png Figure 1: https://scispace.com/papers/reconstructing-the-recent-failure-chronology-of-a-multistage-39n5jk7jcx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-topographic-shielding-effects-of-rotating-the-landward-38is2vej.png Fig. 3: Topographic shielding effects of rotating the landward block 15º. A) Graphic showing 434 block morphology pre- and post-failure. B) Changes in sky view resulting from the rotation and 435 elevation of the block. Black line indicates current sky view, grey line indicates pre-failure sky 436 view. 437 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-plot-of-26al-10be-vs-10be-black-line-indicates-the-1lgf7ubg.png Fig. 4: Plot of 26Al/10Be vs. 10Be. Black line indicates the zero erosion curve. Error ellipses 441 indicate 1 σ. 442 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sample-locations-and-details-items-in-brackets-2fhsbw3w.png Table 2: Sample locations and details - Items in brackets indicate parameters prior to the most 402 recent landslide event. 403 404 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-analytical-details-and-exposure-ages-of-the-sampled-2rtgw2vv.png Table 3: Analytical details and exposure ages of the sampled surfaces 410 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-failure-chronology-of-the-st-catherines-point-n68i6jnx.png Fig. 5. Failure chronology of the St Catherine’s Point landslide complex plotted with change in 445 relative sea-level during the Holocene. Error bars indicate 1 σ. Sea-level curve after Shennan and 446 Horton (2002). 447 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-litho-stratigraphy-of-the-isle-of-wight-undercliff-h5tn969a.png Table 1: Litho-stratigraphy of the Isle of Wight Undercliff at Ventnor (Palmer et al., 2007). 400 https://scispace.com/papers/reconstructing-the-diet-of-a-505-million-year-old-arthropod-3w82rxc8nx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-exoskeletal-elements-in-the-anterior-part-of-the-gut-4coqgrve.png Fig. 8. Exoskeletal elements in the anterior part of the gut of Sidneyia inexpectans Walcott, 1911 from the middle Cambrian (Series 3, Stage 5) Burgess Shale, British Columbia, Canada. (AeD) USNM 269164, general view and details of agnostid specimens clustered in the central part of the cephalic shield where the anterior gut occurs (gut structures not preserved). (EeJ) ROM 56945,1, brachiopod fragments between the first pair of digestive glands, interpreted as being located within the anterior part of the gut; general view, details of the whole cluster and of individual fragments. Scale bars: 1 cm in A, B and E; 5 mm in C and D; 1 mm in F-J. Abbreviations: ag, agnostid cluster; an, antenna; as, abdominal sclerite; br, brachiopod fragments; cs, cephalic shield; dg1edg2, 1st and 2nd pair of digestive glands; e, eye; pa, postantennal appendage; tt4, 4th trunk tergite. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-role-of-gnathobases-in-food-processing-comparisons-3hg77iqu.png Fig. 11. Role of gnathobases in food processing: comparisons between Sidneyia inexpectans from the middle Cambrian (Series 3, Stage 5) Burgess Shale (British Columbia, Canada) and modern horseshoe crabs. (A, B) ROM 59945, ventral view showing the outlines of post-antennal appendages; the gnathobases of the four anteriormost appendages converge towards the mouth. (C) Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) through a live female horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) showing the “teeth-like” radiating orientation of gnathobases around the mouth (courtesy Mark. L. Botton). (D) Sagittal section through a deep-frozen specimen of L. polyphemus showing gnathobases in contact with mouth opening (white arrows indicate oesophagus). (E) Leg of L. polyphemus and its mirror image to show gnathobases on both sides of the mouth (not shown); compare with Fig. 3F. Scale bars: 1 cm. Abbreviations: an, antenna; ap, abdominal pocket; as1eas2, 1st and 2nd abdominal sclerite; ch, chelicera; cs, cephalic shield; e, eye; gn, gnathobasis; gz, gizzard; lp, leg podomeres in section; mo, mouth opening; oe, oesophagus; op, opisthosoma; pa1, 1st pair of postantennal appendages; tc, terminal claw; tt9, 9th trunk tergite; 1e5, 1ste5th pair of leg. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-edx-analyses-and-elemental-mapping-of-the-gut-contents-2bfge5ye.png Fig. 7. EDX analyses and elemental mapping of the gut contents of Sidneyia inexpectans Walcott, 1911 from the middle Cambrian (Series 3, Stage 5) Burgess Shale, British Columbia, Canada; ROM 60744,1. (A) General view with exoskeletal elements highlighted in blue (location in Fig. 9C; boundaries of abdominal pocket indicated by black arrows). (BeF) Carbon, Phosphorus, Calcium, Silica and Aluminium maps, respectively. (GeI) Pyrite spots (location indicated in A) and EDX analysis showing Sulphur and Iron occurrences. A, G, H are SEM images. Scale bars: 1 mm in A,-F; 500 mm in G; 300 mm in H. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-morphology-of-sidneyia-inexpectans-walcott-36us40cv.png Fig. 1. General morphology of Sidneyia inexpectans Walcott, 1911 from the middle Cambrian (Series 3, Stage 5) Cambrian Burgess Shale, British Columbia, Canada. (AeB) USNM 269165, complete specimen in dorsal view. (C) ROM 61118,1, abdominal termination in ventral view showing possible elliptical anal plate. (D) ROM 63375, abdominal termination in dorsal view showing tail fan. (EeF) ROM 63377, complete specimen in ventral view showing distal part of post-antennal appendages. (G) ROM 63361, juvenile. Scale bars: 1 cm in AeF; 5 mm in G. Abbreviations: an, antenna; ap, abdominal pocket; apl, anal plate; as1eas2, 1ste2nd abdominal segment; cs, cephalic shield; dg, digestive gland; e, eye; gu, gut; pa1epa9, 1ste9th pair of post-antennal appendages; te, telson; tf, tail fan; tt1ett9, 1ste9th trunk tergite. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-digestive-system-of-limulus-polyphemus-a-sagittal-2i9dgug9.png Fig. 12. Digestive system of Limulus polyphemus. (A) Sagittal section through a deep-frozen specimen. (B, C) Dissected specimen showing external and internal features of gut. (D, E) Gut contents wrapped in a thin membrane in the anterior and posterior part of the gut, respectively. (F, G) High concentration of phosphatic (EDX analysis) spherites in gut contents from the posterior part of the gut, general view and details. F, G are SEM images. Scale bars: 2 cm in A; 1 cm in B, C; 2 mm in D, E; 100 mm in F; 20 mm in G. Abbreviations: am, anterior midgut; an, anus; do, opening of hepatopancreatic duct; du, hepatopancreatic duct opening into the gut lumen; gc, gut content; gn, gnathobasis; gu, gut; gw, gut wall; gz, gizzard; he, hepatopancreas; le, leg; mo, mouth opening; oe, oesophagus; op, opisthosoma; pr, prosoma; pv, pyloric valve. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-count-data-of-the-gut-contents-of-sidneyia-1bbn8mdy.png Table 1 Count data of the gut contents of Sidneyia inexpectans Walcott, 1911 from the middle Cambrian (Series 3, Stage 5) Burgess Shale, British Columbia, Canada. The three columns correspond to the number of Sidneyia specimens with specific gut contents (e.g. trilobite elements) in the anterior part (between the digestive glands), the middle part of the gut and the abdominal pocket. The total number of Sidneyia specimens with gut contents is 94. USNM, collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.; ROM, collections of the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada. RQ/RT, Raymond Quarry/Talus; WQ/WT, Walcott Quarry/Talus; others, specimens from other localities (see Table Sup. 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-general-morphology-of-sidneyia-inexpectans-walcott-327tzehr.png Fig. 2. General morphology of Sidneyia inexpectans Walcott, 1911 from the middle Cambrian (Series 3, Stage 5) Burgess Shale, British Columbia, Canada; ROM 63380, complete specimen in lateral view. (AeB) General view. (C) Details of head shield. (D) Exoskeletal fragments in AP (for location see B). (E) Trilobite fragment in posterior part of AP (for location see B). Scale bars: 1 cm in AeC; 1 mm in D and E. Abbreviations: a, anus; am, anterior midgut; an, antenna; ap, abdominal pocket; as1eas2, 1ste2nd abdominal sclerite; cs, cephalic shield; gu, gut; m?, possible mouth opening; oe?, possible oesophagus; tf, tail fan; tr, trilobite fragments; tt1ett9, 1ste9th trunk tergite; ?, outline of anteriormost gut uncertain. https://scispace.com/papers/reconstructing-the-salgar-2015-flash-flood-using-radar-1951hi0p44 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-channel-cross-section-showing-an-example-of-flooded-3pldxht7.png Figure 4. Channel cross section showing an example of flooded infrastructure during the flash flood event. The section shows mud marks on the walls of adjacent houses, with heights varying between 0.5 and 1.2 m. The houses in the picture are located 4–5 m away from the channel. The photograph also shows the width of the channel and the total estimated depth during the flash flood. The cross section is downstream from the bridge shown in the picture. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-tetis-model-parameters-primed-variables-correspond-1ypga1ri.png Table 3. TETIS model parameters. Primed variables correspond to values prior to calibration. Values for the parameters with a scalar factor of 1 are left uncalibrated. Parameters C1 to C6 are not presented in the explanation of the model. C1 modulates the maximum capillary storage and C2 the maximum gravitational storage. C3 to C5 modulate evaporation, infiltration, and percolation rates, respectively. C6 is assumed to be zero, as this variable determines the subterranean system losses. More detail about the calibration parameters is presented in Francés et al. (2007). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-schematic-diagram-of-the-landslide-submodel-the-1zqpg2fx.png Figure 7. Schematic diagram of the landslide submodel. The figure and description are adapted from Aristizábal et al. (2016). QL and QR are the resultant forces on the sides of the slice of soil. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparison-between-tetis-simulations-and-9kk5owtz.png Figure 11. Comparison between TETIS simulations and streamflow estimations from a stage-level station installed on a bridge at the outlet of the basin (see Fig. 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-temporal-evolution-of-discharge-during-event-2-in-1ihp2jzn.png Figure 12. Temporal evolution of discharge during Event 2 in different locations along the watershed’s main channel. The upper location corresponds to 15 % of the area of the basin, and the other downstream locations correspond to 52 %, 76 %, and 100 % of the watershed, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-temporal-evolution-of-the-convective-stratiform-39vbs0e0.png Figure 5. (a) Temporal evolution of the convective–stratiform rainfall partitioning during both Events 1 and 2 (precipitation intensity in mm h−1, for 5 min periods). The figure shows the total rainfall (yellow) and the convective (blue) and stratiform (green) portions integrated over La Liboriana basin. (b, c) Spatial distribution of the cumulative rainfall during Events 1 and 2 over La Liboriana basin, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-hydrological-simulation-sensitivity-analysis-3ctr5i4t.png Figure 10. Hydrological simulation sensitivity analysis. Similarly to Fig. 9, all the panels show the simulated streamflow (purple) and the runoff (green) and subsurface flow (dashed purple) separation. From top to bottom, the panels show the simulation sensitivity to changes in the (a) surface speed, (b) infiltration rate, and (c) subsurface speed factors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-infrastructure-damage-as-a-result-of-the-2f5tfdw8.png Figure 1. Example of infrastructure damage as a result of the La Liboriana flash flood event on 18 May 2015. (a) Aerial photograph taken before the event (2012), during a mission of the Department of Antioquia’s government, and (b) a satellite image after the event (courtesy of CNES/Airbus via © Google Earth). The images show the destruction of most houses in that particular community, a bridge over La Liboriana, and the main road. All of the houses shown in the 2015 image had to be either demolished or structurally repaired. The images also show changes in the delineation of the main channel as well as considerable erosion in the river margins. https://scispace.com/papers/reconstruction-of-mercury-s-internal-magnetic-field-beyond-495ov9gilg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-implemented-and-reconstructed-internal-gauss-2w0guny7.png Table 2. Implemented and reconstructed internal Gauss coefficients for the dipole, quadrupole, octupole, hexadecapole and dotriacontapole field. The implemented multipole spectrum is taken from the MESSENGER results (Anderson et al., 2012; Thébault et al., 2018; Wardinski et al., 2019). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simulated-magnitude-of-the-magnetic-field-b-in-the-13dq18ys.png Figure 1. Simulated magnitude of the magnetic field B in the x-z-plane where internal multipoles are implemented from dipole to dotriacontapole. The white lines represent the magnetic field lines and the grey circle of radius 1RM symbolizes Mercury. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-implemented-and-reconstructed-internal-gauss-e1athuqs.png Table 1. Implemented and reconstructed internal Gauss coefficients for the dipole, quadrupole, octupole, hexadecapole and dotriacontapole field. The implemented value g05 of the dotriacontapole field was chosen from a synthetic Mercury magnetic field model of Thébault et al. (2018). https://scispace.com/papers/reconstruction-of-hydrographic-changes-in-the-southern-24ki9047ay 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-downcore-reconstructions-of-temperature-and-2u175owt.png Figure 6. Downcore reconstructions of temperature and seawater d18O at calcification depth and season of N. pachyderma. (a) d18Ocalcite. (b) Mg/Ca in mmol/mol. (c) B/Ca in mmol/mol. (d) Corrected Mg/Ca based on B/Ca (see section 2.5 for explanation). (e) Temperature based on raw Mg/Ca data (black circles) and Mg/Ca values corrected for carbonate ion concentration Mg/Ca (red circles). Black and red lines represent 3-point moving averages based on raw Mg/Ca and corrected Mg/Ca, respectively. (f) Seawater d18O, calculated using raw Mg/Cabased temperatures (black circles) and using corrected Mg/Ca-based temperatures (red circles). Solid lines represent 3-point moving averages. Arrows above the x axis refer to the location of the tephra layers (see Figure 2). HS, Heinrich Stadial. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-showing-the-major-surface-and-bottom-water-3dhinxd1.png Figure 1. Map showing the major surface and bottom water currents in the northern North Atlantic and the Nordic Seas [Hansen and Østerhus, 2000; Mork and Blindheim, 2000; Orvik and Niiler, 2002; Jakobsen et al., 2003]. The location of investigated core JM11-FI-19PC is also indicated (white star). White circles refer to sediment cores ENAM-33 (1217 m water depth) [Rasmussen et al., 2003a], LINK 16 (773 m water depth) [Abbott et al., 2014], and RAPiD-10-1P (1237 m water depth) [Thornalley et al, 2010]. The map is modified after Ezat et al. [2014]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relationship-between-the-corresponding-differences-mbgoltd5.png Figure 5. Relationship between the corresponding differences in Mg/Ca, Mn/Ca, and Fe/Ca for N. pachyderma from the ‘‘Mg cleaning’’ and ‘‘full cleaning’’ methods. DMg/Ca (DMn/Ca or DFe/Ca) is calculated by subtracting the Mg/Ca (Mn/Ca or Fe/Ca) from the ‘‘full cleaning’’ method from the Mg/Ca (Mn/Ca or Fe/Ca) from the ‘‘Mg cleaning’’ method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-downcore-minor-trace-element-results-1tviwb0l.png Figure 3. Comparison of downcore minor/trace element results for planktic foraminiferal species Neogloboquadrina pachyderma from the ‘‘Mg cleaning’’ (red) and ‘‘full cleaning’’ (blue) methods. (a) Oxygen isotopes measured in N. pachyderma. (b) Al/Ca in mmol/mol. (c) Fe/Ca in mmol/mol. (d) Mn/Ca in mmol/mol. (e) Mg/Ca in mmol/mol. Red and blue error bars close to the y-axis in Figure 3e represent the average relative precision of repeated foraminiferal samples for the ‘‘Mg cleaning’’ and ‘‘full cleaning’’ methods, respectively (see section 2). (f) Difference in Mg/Ca (DMg/Ca) between the two cleaning methods calculated by subtracting the Mg/Ca values from the ‘‘full cleaning’’ method from the Mg/Ca values from the ‘‘Mg cleaning’’ method (g) shell weight of N. pachyderma in mg. (h) Black line-scatter plot refers to weight loss% from samples cleaned by the full cleaning method, while green circles refer to weight loss% from the ‘‘full cleaning’’ minus the weight loss% from ‘‘Mg cleaning’’ methods (D weight loss%). Light blue bars refer to intervals with significant differences between the two cleaning methods and grey bars refer to intervals with almost no differences between the two cleaning methods. HS, Heinrich Stadial; LGM, Last Glacial Maximum; IS, Interstadial. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-shallow-subsurface-hydrographic-details-of-the-last-c4jgt6i0.png Figure 7. Shallow subsurface hydrographic details of the last deglaciation from (a–c) south of Iceland [Thornalley et al., 2010, 2011] and (d–g) southern Norwegian Sea [Ezat et al., 2014; Hoff et al., 2016, this study]. (a) d18O values measured on N. pachyderma. (b) Temperature based on Mg/Ca measured on N. pachyderma. (c) % N. pachyderma. (d) d18O values measured on N. pachyderma (black) and Melonis barleeanus (blue). (e) Temperature based on Mg/Ca measured on N. pachyderma. (f) Seawater d18O based on Mg/Ca and d18O values measured on N. pachyderma. Solid and dashed lines in Figures 7e and 7f are 3-point moving averages based on raw and corrected Mg/Ca, respectively. (g) Percentages of planktic foraminiferal species: % N. pachyderma in black, % Turborotalia quinqueloba in red, and % Globigerinita uvula in green. HS, Heinrich Stadial; BA, Bølling-Allerød interstadials; YD, Younger Dryas. The original age model for sediment core RAPiD-10-1P in [Thornalley et al., 2010] is slightly modified by aligning it to JM-FI-19PC using the start of the deglacial decrease in d18O in N. pachyderma as a tuning marker. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-al-ca-b-fe-ca-c-mn-ca-and-d-mg-ca-for-n-303neyqg.png Figure 4. (a) Al/Ca, (b) Fe/Ca, (c) Mn/Ca, and (d) Mg/Ca for N. pachyderma cleaned by the ‘‘Mg cleaning’’ method (two runs, black circles and squares) and using the ‘‘full cleaning’’ method (one run, green circles) (see text for explanation). Note the break in the y axis of the Fe/Ca plot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-correlation-of-magnetic-susceptibility-as-well-as-358qo8lm.png Figure 2. Correlation of magnetic susceptibility as well as planktic and benthic d18O in JM-FI-19PC [Ezat et al., 2014; Hoff et al., 2016, this study] and d18O values from Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) on the Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) [Seierstad et al., 2014; Rasmussen et al., 2014, and references therein]. Solid black horizontal lines mark tephra layers identified in both marine and ice cores [Davies et al., 2008, 2010]. Tephra layers not yet confirmed in the ice cores and their potential location in ice records are shown by dashed black lines. Interstadial numbers (black) and Heinrich events (brown) are indicated. https://scispace.com/papers/reconstruction-of-past-marine-submersion-events-storms-4bprp6724m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-principal-component-analysis-pca-of-the-2ybodo6p.png Figure 3. (a) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the geochemical elements obtained in the surface samples. (b),(c) Concentration maps of Ca and Rb in surface samples taken from the coastal area and Tahaddart River watershed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-down-core-plots-of-signal-intensity-vs-depth-in-4tuzvqxz.png Figure 4. Down-core plots of signal intensity vs. depth in TAH17-1 of Zr, Ca, Rb and Fe. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-correlation-of-dated-events-with-other-on-shore-1gi48qcx.png Figure 6. Correlation of dated events with other on-shore deposits in Spain, Portugal and Morocco. (1) Tsunamigenic deposits summarised by Ruiz et al., (2013). (2) Tsunamigenic deposits summarised by Lario et al., (2011). (3) (Dawson et al., 1995). (4) (Costa et al., 2012). (5) (Mhammdi et al., 2015). (6) (Chahid et al., 2016). (7) (El Talibi et al., 2016). (8) This study (Khalfaoui et 10 al.,). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-the-tahaddart-estuary-and-the-tah17-1-3qp6aqz3.png Figure 1. Location of the Tahaddart estuary and the TAH17-1 coring site. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimation-of-marine-reservoir-age-r-t-and-its-24i5bx67.png Table 1. Estimation of marine reservoir age R(t) and its regional deviation ΔR using 14C ages on wood and marine shell. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-calibrated-14c-ages-of-samples-taken-from-the-tah17-1o8ydgiz.png Table 2. Calibrated 14C ages of samples taken from the TAH17-1 core. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-identification-of-marine-submersion-events-in-the-2ae2m3ya.png Figure 5. Identification of marine submersion events in the TAH17-1 core and isotopic dating of E1, E13 and E14. SR: Sedimentation Rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simplified-sedimentological-log-showing-the-2dbuyroj.png Figure 2. Simplified sedimentological log showing the principal lithological units of the TAH17-1 core. https://scispace.com/papers/reconstruction-of-prehistoric-and-medieval-dietary-patterns-1o0oaaoa2a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-existing-data-on-carbon-and-nitrogen-25s32b7e.png Table 1 Summary of existing data on carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values for collagen from https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-the-studied-sites-in-the-russian-far-xnebdxz4.png Figure 1 Location of the studied sites in the Russian Far East and relevant sites in Northeast Asia, and ΔR values for this region. Far Eastern Russian sites: (1) Boisman 2; (2) Chertovy Vorota; (3) Alekseevsky Bugor; (4) Osinovoe Ozero; (5) Troitsky Cemetery; (6) Pryadchino; (7) Bolshaya Sazanka; (8) Kanukurgan; (9) Susuya; (10) Kuznetsovo 1; (11) Antonovo; (12) Bogataya 1; (13) Kalinino 1 and 1A; (14) Pasechnaya 2; (15) Asanai 1; (16) Staroainskoe 1; (17) Kaurunari. Other sites and regions: (18) Ando; (19) Daepo; (20) Tongsamdong; (21) Kitakogane; (22) Usu-moshiri; (23) Moyoro; (24) Chifeng. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-summary-of-the-c-and-n-isotope-values-for-the-18tuij3n.png Figure 2 Summary of the C and N isotope values for the prehistoric and Medieval populations of the Russian https://scispace.com/papers/reconstruction-of-soil-ph-by-dendrochemistry-of-masson-pine-4yhja8sctb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-concentrations-of-ca-mg-mn-and-al-in-the-tree-1cs5x9wx.png Figure 1. Mean concentrations of Ca, Mg, Mn and Al in the tree rings of Masson pine in Dinghushan from 1942–1945 to 2001–2002 and Xiqiaoshan from 1951–1955 to 2001–2002, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-correlation-coefficients-of-ca-mg-mn-and-al-in-the-11rlngha.png Table IV. Correlation coefficients of Ca, Mg, Mn and Al in the tree rings in Dinghushan and Xiqiaoshan (N = 12 segments × 5 trees in Dinghushan, and N = 10 segments × 5 trees in Xiqiaoshan; ∗∗ P < 0.01). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-mean-cation-xylem-concentrations-of-masson-pine-3gzuftly.png Table III. Mean cation xylem concentrations of Masson pine (average of 12 5-year segments in Dinghushan and of 10 5-year segments in Xiqiaoshan in mgkg−1). A one-way ANOVA was performed for each cation between sites separately (N = 12 segments × 5 trees in Dinghushan, and N = 10 segments × 5 trees in Xiqiaoshan; ns: not significant; * P < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-significant-linear-correlation-coefficients-between-3ngvf1qn.png Table II. Significant linear correlation coefficients between soil actual pH (H2O) and logarithmic dendrochemical parameters of the recent 2-year xylems of Masson pine in Dinghushan and Xiqiaoshan. Other parameters, such as concentration of Al, and molar ratios of Ca/Mg and Mg/Al, could not be found to be significantly correlated with soil pH for any of the given soil depths. Significance levels as in Table I. N = 5 trees per site. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-mean-contents-of-exchangeable-ch3coonh4-ca-mg-mn-and-1xitfe5k.png Table I. Mean contents of exchangeable (CH3COONH4) Ca, Mg, Mn and Al (mmolkg−1), and pH (H2O) in the forest soil. Paired sample tests were performed to test differences between 5 pairs of samples in Dinghushan and Xiqiaoshan. Level of significance is shown as: ns: not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01. CEC: base cation saturation; BS: cation exchangeable capacity. Data in brackets after the pH values are the actually observed soil pH ranges at each site. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-reconstructed-soil-ph-1942-1945-to-2001-2002-yv2vydmx.png Figure 2. Mean reconstructed soil pH (1942–1945 to 2001–2002) from Masson pine growing in Dinghushan (solid line) and (1951–1955 to 2001–2002) in Xiqiaoshan (dotted line). Reconstructions were based on regressions of Mg/Mn ratios and Ca/Mn on soil pH at 0–10 cm and 10–40 cm depth, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/reconstruction-of-standard-12-lead-ecgs-from-12-lead-ecgs-1fimp9lzyf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coefficients-of-the-2x2-leiden-conversion-matrix-ml-2nk371ff.png Table 1. Coefficients of the 2x2 Leiden conversion matrix. ML=Mason-Likar, ML2Std=Reconstructed Standard https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rmsd-and-ecg-performances-of-the-bartosik-nelwan-and-1wyz208o.png Table 3. RMSD and ECG performances of the Bartosik, Nelwan and Leiden 2x2 and of the Leiden 8x8 conversion matrices in the test set. Errors are the differences between the originally recorded ML-ECGs (column “Original errors”) or the reconstructed standard ECGs (other columns) and the originally recorded Std-ECGs. Asterisks in the column headers denote that all listed values in the column differ significantly (P<0.01) from the original errors. Data in each cell are: mean ± SD of the signed errors (upper line), range of the signed errors (between brackets) and mean ± SD of the absolute errors (between parentheses). NS=not significant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-coefficients-of-the-8x8-leiden-conversion-matrix-1jlbjz69.png Table 2. Coefficients of the 8x8 Leiden conversion matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graphical-summary-of-the-2x2-and-8x8-rmsd-2dzxsq6r.png Figure 1. Graphical summary of the 2x2 and 8x8 RMSD performances of the Leiden, Bartosik and Nelwan matrices, expressed as a percentage of the RMSD without correction (ML-ECGs vs Std-ECGs). Performance of the individual conversion matrices is given for comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/reconstruction-of-the-3d-structure-of-a-building-from-the-2d-4tv62ehstu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3d-reconstruction-of-a-private-house-from-the-22a8ab5t.png Figure 1. 3D reconstruction of a private house from the architectural drawings of its floors. https://scispace.com/papers/reconstruction-resilience-to-subsampling-in-compressive-2z44qqa0p6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-reference-o-column-a-and-reconstructed-object-dkt88b42.png Fig. 1: Reference ô (column (a)) and reconstructed object wavefields (columns (b), (c) and (d)) from 10% of the samples in the image wavefield for a MEMS lens (top row) and a USAF 1951 test target (bottom row). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-amplitude-psnr-as-a-function-of-the-subsampling-2jgid2vg.png Fig. 2: Mean amplitude PSNR as a function of the subsampling ratio for the reconstruction of the USAF test target (left) and MEMS lens (right) with PGM ( ), POCS (N) and TwIST ( ). https://scispace.com/papers/recorded-captures-of-american-lobster-homarus-americanus-in-4oec7qqhn8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-locations-where-36-american-lobsters-homarus-17odtnub.png Figure 1. Locations where 36 American lobsters (Homarus americanus) were caught 207 between 2008 and 2016 inside and outside the Gullmar Fjord on the Swedish West 208 coast (ICES). K = Kåvra lobster reserve. 209 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-american-lobster-homarus-americanus-eating-a-3hfecdrr.png Figure 3. An American lobster (Homarus americanus) eating a European lobster (Homarus 219 gammarus) in the Gullmar Fjord. Photo: Gert Oxby, Divers & Scientist West Coast Sweden. 220 https://scispace.com/papers/recording-temporal-data-onto-dna-with-minutes-resolution-1nr8jeihpf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-recording-multiple-fluctuations-of-signal-onto-dna-136f6o8w.png Figure 3: Recording multiple fluctuations of signal onto DNA. (A) Representative fluctuating input signal used in our experiments by changing concentration of Co2+ from 0 mM to 0.25 mM and back to 0 mM during a TdT-based ssDNA synthesis reaction while keeping Mg2+ concentration and reaction temperature constant. (B) Experimental data for fluctuating input signal of 0 mM Co2+à0.25 mM Co2+à0 mM Co2+ (010). Signal is calculated based on differences in dNTP preference. This plot shows there is a difference in the preference of dNTP incorporated by TdT in the Mg2+ (purple) and Mg2++Co2+ (red) control conditions (where the signal (Co2+) is not added or removed throughout the extension reaction). The plot further shows the changes from 0à1à0 for Co2+ added at 20 minutes and removed at 40 minutes (blue). Total extension time for these experiments was 60 minutes. (C) Output fluctuating signal. Using the algorithm detailed in Glaser et al.15, the signal was deconvoluted into a binary response, with predicted switch times of 23.2 minutes and 40.7 minutes (actual: 20 minutes and 40 minutes). Signal predictions were made every 0.1 minutes and lines were added at the times of rise and fall of pulse for visualization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-recording-a-single-step-change-in-co2-concentration-3g6ctp12.png Figure 2: Recording a single step change in Co2+ concentration onto ssDNA with minutes resolution in vitro. (A) Representative input unit step function used in our experiments by changing concentration of Co2+ from 0 mM to 0.25 mM during a TdT-based DNA synthesis reaction while keeping Mg2+ concentration and reaction temperature constant. (B) Expected step response of the TdT-based DNA recording system for the 0à1 input unit step function. (C) Experimental data for various input unit step functions each with 0.25 mM Co2+. Signal is calculated based on differences in dNTP preference. This plot shows there is a difference in the preference of dNTP incorporated by TdT in the Mg2+ (purple) and Mg2++Co2+ (red) control conditions (where the signal (Co2+) is not added or removed throughout the extension reaction). The plot further shows the changes from 0à1 for Co2+ added at 10 minutes (blue), Co2+ added at 20 minutes (orange), and Co2+ added at 45 minutes (green). Total extension time for each of these experiments was 60 minutes. (D) Table showing the actual switch time as well as the mean inferred switch time along with each mean’s standard deviation (mean calculated across 3 biological replicates). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-device-architecture-of-our-tdt-based-recording-3g53jeuj.png Figure 1: Device architecture of our TdT-based recording system (TURTLES) and its response to various environmental signals. (A) General device architecture and recording characteristic of DNA-editing based signal recorders. (B) General device architecture and recording characteristic of DNA synthesis based recorder. (C) General description of TdT-based untemplated recording of temporal local environmental signal (TURTLES). A time-varying input signal results in synthesis of ssDNA by TdT with varying dNTP compositions (shown as diagonal stripes for signal 0 and crisscross for signal 1). The various signals tested are shown as signal 1 and the background condition shown as signal 0. (D) Change in frequency of dATP, dCTP, dGTP and dTTP incorporation by TdT in the presence or absence of various signals. Signal 0 is always 10 mM Mg2+ at 37 °C for 1 hour. Signal 1 was, going from left to right: (1) 10 mM Mg2+ + 0.25 mM Co2+ at 37 °C for 1 hour; (2) 10 mM Mg2+ + 1 mM Ca2+ at 37 °C for 1 hour; (3) 10 mM Mg + 20 µM Zn2+ at 37 °C for 1 hour; and (4) 10 mM Mg2+ at 20 °C for 1 hour. Error bars show two standard deviations of the mean. Statistical significance was assessed after first transforming the data into Aitchison space which makes each dNTP frequency change statistically independent of the others (fig. S2). https://scispace.com/papers/recording-beam-modulation-during-grating-formation-3rmgvq3igu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-motion-of-the-plate-extracted-from-experimental-data-1mwtk10s.png Fig. 6. Motion of the plate extracted from experimental data for both beams with a fit to the motion including extrapolation to estimate the motion before saturation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-phase-variations-with-time-for-the-r-beam-unwrapped-a-3cd9t1ar.png Fig. 7. Phase variations with time for the R beam (unwrapped). A similar plot was obtained for the S beam. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-experimental-data-for-the-intensity-of-the-r-beam-3qgni3wl.png Fig. 8. Experimental data for the intensity of the R beam (filled circles), theoretically fitted to the data with i 0 (thin dashed line), and including the lossy grating, where i 0 (thick dashed curve). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-recording-geometry-used-and-the-probe-3omzgvr7.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the recording geometry used and the probe beam. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-transmitted-exposing-beam-intensities-variation-with-1eemw8cu.png Fig. 2. Transmitted exposing beam intensities. Variation with time of the intensities can be seen for the nonunity beam ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-s-beam-intensity-data-with-an-almost-unity-beam-ratio-1k9chprl.png Fig. 9. S beam intensity data, with an almost unity beam ratio (filled circles), with a theoretical fit to the data where i 0 (dashed line) and a fit to the data including the lossy grating, i.e., where i 0 (solid curve). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-change-in-absorption-with-time-0-t-396pmiwi.png Fig. 4. Change in absorption with time 0 t . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-of-the-form-that-1-t-might-be-expected-to-take-2fydkcp1.png Fig. 5. Example of the form that 1 t might be expected to take with time, where p 0.05 and q 0.08. https://scispace.com/papers/recounting-and-reflecting-the-use-of-first-person-pronouns-59g8onxk5u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-number-of-words-texts-and-students-2fo5mkp3.png Table 1: Total number of words, texts and students https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shows-that-british-and-greek-students-make-greatest-3ty9ubk5.png Figure 2 shows that British and Greek students make greatest use of I in the reflecter category. For the British students, this appears to be reflection on their development as engineers: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-functional-categorization-of-i-in-the-corpora6-36ffvorb.png Figure 2 shows that British and Greek students make greatest use of I in the reflecter category. For the British students, this appears to be reflection on their development as engineers: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-functional-categorisation-of-we-within-drs-1gz7gtul.png Figure 5 Functional categorisation of we within DRS assignments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-functional-categorization-of-we-in-the-corpora-3aebypu1.png Figure 1: Functional categorization of we in the corpora https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-functional-categorisation-of-we-within-ppp-32bknqji.png Figure 4 Functional categorisation of we within PPP assignments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-data-within-each-function-of-writing-category-per-1rpgx1jh.png Figure 3: Data within each function of writing category per student group (as %)8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-occurrences-of-we-i-in-the-datasets-normalised-to-34pkunlt.png Table 2 Occurrences of we/I in the datasets: normalised to 10,000 words (raw results in brackets) https://scispace.com/papers/recovering-conditional-return-distributions-by-regression-4nkq2tjtio 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-of-disaster-risk-variables-2535ssh6.png Table 1: Summary Statistics of Disaster Risk Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pairwise-correlations-of-stock-characteristics-bcisjps6.png Table 2: Pairwise Correlations of Stock Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-systemic-exposure-and-bank-characteristics-2p94ybyl.png Table 6: Systemic Exposure and Bank Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-systemic-exposure-of-banks-1zn1seh3.png Table 5: Systemic Exposure of Banks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-second-moment-properties-in-joint-return-behavior-2l833r4k.png Figure 1: Second Moment Properties in Joint Return Behavior https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nonlinearity-in-joint-return-behavior-mjwzkb6l.png Figure 2: Nonlinearity in Joint Return Behavior https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-systematic-disaster-risk-premium-for-entire-sample-2s10uc4c.png Table 3: Systematic Disaster Risk Premium for Entire Sample https://scispace.com/papers/recovering-from-stillbirth-the-effects-of-making-and-sharing-4951z6xfjh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-n-162-and-birth-details-no-2eitxqu1.png Table 1 Sample characteristics (N = 162) and birth details ___________________________________________________________ No. % ___________________________________________________________________ Marital status https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-multivariate-regression-models-for-34matmma.png Table 6 Summary of multivariate regression models for symptoms of PTSD, anxiety and depression https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-mothers-making-memories-in-different-crsp7su9.png Table 2 Percentage of mothers making memories in different ways ______________________________________________ https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlations-between-mental-health-measures-and-3r7uaf6v.png Table 5 Correlations between mental health measures and potential predictors (N = 162) https://scispace.com/papers/recovering-projective-transformations-between-binary-shapes-1vu3tpg75b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-registration-process-the-first-step-removes-only-3udrs0zu.png Fig. 1. The registration process: The first step removes only the perspective distortion from the observation image while the second step restores the affine transformation and thus align it to the original template image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-registration-results-on-traffic-signs-the-images-used-2gxxcqyt.png Fig. 3. Registration results on traffic signs. The images used as observations are shown in the first row, and below them the corresponding templates with the overlayed contours of the registration results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-test-results-on-the-synthetic-dataset-of-shape-3otj8imv.png Table 1. Test results on the synthetic dataset of Shape Context, Domokos et al. and the proposed method. m, µ, and σ denote the median, mean, and deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-images-from-the-synthetic-data-set-and-18ipqoq3.png Fig. 2. Example images from the synthetic data set and registration results obtained by Shape Context [1], Domokos et al. [3] and the proposed method. The template and the registered observation were overlaid, overlapping pixels are depicted in gray whereas nonoverlapping ones are shown in black. https://scispace.com/papers/recovering-recovery-on-the-relationship-between-gauge-39aspko82j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-milne-triangle-2sxdbv8o.png Figure 1: The Milne Triangle https://scispace.com/papers/recovery-of-a-cryostable-magnet-following-a-mechanical-qhwllt2s1m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-heat-balance-for-cryostability-model-azbk21oz.png Fig. 1 Heat Balance for Cryostability Model. https://scispace.com/papers/recovery-of-natural-antioxidants-from-fruit-juice-industry-4bhrxvf7l2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-optimal-conditions-predicted-and-experimental-255xxc4m.png Table 5. Optimal conditions, predicted and experimental responses for extraction of antioxidants https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-response-surface-plots-showing-the-effects-of-ethanol-34mxvzny.png Fig. 1. Response surface plots showing the effects of ethanol percentage, temperature (ºC), and time (min) on yield of pear pomace https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-response-surface-plots-showing-the-effects-of-ethanol-1q47cp4n.png Fig. 2. Response surface plots showing the effects of ethanol percentage, temperature (ºC) and time (min) on yield of peach pomace https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-solvent-on-the-tpc-dpph-and-extraction-1chc3ai3.png Table 1. Effect of solvent on the TPC, DPPH, and extraction yield https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-response-surface-plots-showing-the-effects-of-ethanol-3gv2i2cx.png Fig. 3. Response surface plots showing the effects of ethanol percentage, temperature (ºC) and time (min) on yield of apricot pomace https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-solvent-to-solid-ratio-on-the-tpc-dpph-and-29vegr46.png Table 2. Effect of solvent to solid ratio on the TPC, DPPH, and extraction yield https://scispace.com/papers/recovery-of-genomes-from-metagenomes-via-a-dereplication-2hdu2vi2k1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-number-of-high-quality-genomes-with-low-1mvucriq.png Fig. 4 | The number of high-quality genomes with low contamination (<5%) from metagenomic assemblies of samples from three ecosystems representing a range of complexity. Samples were collected from adult human gut (1 faecal sample), oil seeps (5 samples) and hillslope soil and https://scispace.com/papers/recovery-of-photoinduced-reversible-dark-states-utilized-for-228ihmctbu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-measured-average-fluorescence-intensity-within-ka3klfcc.png Figure 3. A. Measured average fluorescence intensity within the excitation pulses, excF , for Cy5 with different flow rates 0-300 µl/min. For all measurements, the pulse width w=2.0 µs and the pulse period https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-kinetic-scheme-modeling-the-photophysical-2rk9woah.png Figure 1. A. Kinetic scheme modeling the photophysical behavior of carbocyanine dyes. N0 and N1 denote the ground singlet and the first excited singlet states of the thermodynamically stable conformation of the dye, normally the all-trans form (bottom left). P0 and P1 are the corresponding states of the photoisomerised form, usually a mono-cis conformation (bottom right). Upon isomerisation the angle, θ, in one of the double bonds of the conjugated hydrocarbon chain connecting the two headgroups of the dye is twisted by 180°. Transitions from N1 and P1 take place via the partially twisted intermediate state, Perp1, either to N0 or to P0. k01 = σ01IEXC denote the excitation rate from N0 to N1 (where σ01 is the excitation cross section of N0, and IEXC is the excitation irradiance). kP01 = σP01IEXC is the corresponding excitation rate from P0 to P1. kPN is the rate of thermal deactivation of P0 to N0. The isomerisation rates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-three-state-model-used-to-characterize-the-1vwc9m9s.png Figure 2. Three-state model used to characterize the fluorescence intensities observed in the modulated excitation experiments. Here, the states Trans and Cis and the rates kISO´ and kBISO´ are defined as in figure 1C. The “Bulk” state represents the molecules outside of the excitation volume, and kD is the rate of exchange of molecules into and out of this volume. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-excf-obtained-from-time-modulated-excitation-hpzzlqxi.png Figure 4. excF obtained from time-modulated excitation measurements on DsRed applying different flow rates (5-30 µl/min). For all measurements, w = 300 µs and T was varied from 0.4 ms to 20 ms. Curves are normalized to 1 for the longest T=20 ms. The excitation irradiance 4.4 kW/cm 2 . Measurement times: 15 s for each data point. Dotted lines: single exponential fit according to Eq. 19. https://scispace.com/papers/recovery-through-affiliation-a-compassionate-approach-to-2wzxajvro4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-measures-cronbachs-alpha-and-7x85duvo.png Table 3. Descriptive statistics, measures’ Cronbach’s alpha and differences between baseline and post intervention assessments in outcome and process measures (Wilcoxon signed-rank test) with effect size measures https://scispace.com/papers/recreational-visits-to-marine-and-coastal-environments-in-48r7sf6d3q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-around-here-2xgpbgpx.png Figure 2 around here. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-around-here-2zx4yy5k.png Table 2 around here. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-36fv999f.png Table 2 around here. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2p9glp8r.png Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1yq7f1qp.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/recreational-marijuana-laws-and-junk-food-consumption-4e4qts7nvu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-border-analysis-overall-effects-of-rmls-on-junk-food-1ncy0a0m.png Table 2 – Border Analysis, Overall Effects of RMLs on Junk Food Sales https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-synthetic-control-method-log-sales-of-junk-food-for-10npavgb.png Figure 3 – Synthetic Control Method: Log Sales of Junk Food for Oregon State and Its Synthetic Control (left), Estimated Effects for Oregon and Placebo States (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-synthetic-control-method-log-sales-of-junk-food-for-2oq2kmc4.png Figure 4 – Synthetic Control Method: Log Sales of Junk Food for Washington State and Its Synthetic Control (left), Estimated Effects for Washington and Placebo States (right) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-robustness-test-placebo-dates-1hez685e.png Table 3 – Robustness Test: Placebo Dates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-event-study-analysis-for-log-sales-of-junk-food-in-z7pe705j.png Figure 1 – Event Study Analysis for Log Sales of Junk Food in Bordering Counties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-synthetic-control-method-log-sales-of-junk-food-for-1u0pvs9z.png Figure 2 – Synthetic Control Method: Log Sales of Junk Food for Colorado State and Its Synthetic Control (left), Estimated Effects for Colorado and Placebo States (right) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-bordering-counties-2mcx7s2s.png Table 1 – Descriptive Statistics for Bordering Counties https://scispace.com/papers/rectangular-3-2-3-superlattice-of-a-dodecanethiol-self-hncgzdr3vt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stm-topography-scan-of-a-sample-prepared-as-for-1ak9tcaz.png Figure 2. STM topography scan of a sample prepared as for Figure 1. On the left, the typical domain structure is visible. When a smaller area in one of the bright, homogeneous domains is scanned, different standing-up phases such as the nonhexagonal (3× 2x3) phase are clearly visible (right picture). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stm-topography-of-a-dodecanethiol-sam-annealed-for-3kevf7b8.png Figure 1. STM topography of a dodecanethiol SAM annealed for 6.5 h in solution. The characteristic features of a solution-processed SAM are clearly visible. Besides the substrate step on the left and the small vacancy islands (dark pits), different domains of standing-up (homogeneous areas) and lying-down (striped areas) phases can be distinguished. https://scispace.com/papers/rectification-magnetoresistance-device-experimental-2u6t679ylo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-the-experimental-and-theoretical-simulated-current-3fqbn116.png FIG. 4. (a) The experimental and theoretical simulated current amplitude dependence of the RMR (marked as AC). As a comparison, the experimental and theoretical simulated conventional MR (marked as DC) was shown. (b) The frequency dependent rectification voltage for the commercial diode and RMR device measured under Vp-p of 1 V. The half-wave rectifier circuit setup is schematically shown in the inset in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-experimental-and-theoretical-simulated-i-v-qrxiw5zl.png FIG. 3. (a) The experimental and theoretical simulated I–V curves mixed with the AC component. (b) The magnetic field dependent rectification voltage measured under fixed AC and variable DC offset. (c) The experimental and theoretical simulated DC offset dependence of the deduced MR from (a). Inset in (a) shows simulated time dependent voltage in one period under AC amplitude¼ 100 lA, f¼ 1 kHz, and DC offset¼ 0 lA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-experimental-and-theoretical-simulated-i-v-1bx0iqx8.png FIG. 2. (a) The experimental and theoretical simulated I–V curves of the RMR device. (b) The conventional MR of the RMR device. (c) The magnetic field dependent rectification voltage of the RMR device measured under fixed AC current¼ 10 lA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-experimental-and-theoretical-fitting-i-v-curves-3230uvj1.png FIG. 1. (a) The experimental and theoretical fitting I–V curves of the ZnCoO film. (b) The conventional MR measured under DC¼ 10 lA and magnetic field dependent rectification voltage of the ZnCoO film measured under AC¼ 10 lA. (c) The experimental I–V curve of the commercial diode. The inset in (c) shows the theoretical fitting to the I–V curve of the commercial diode. https://scispace.com/papers/rectification-of-gnss-based-collaborative-positioning-using-3kik1pwjlt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-demonstration-of-the-skymask-based-on-the-3d-building-1puqpsm4.png Fig. 2 Demonstration of the skymask based on the 3D building model corresponding to different 140 locations. The skymask (right) indicates the sky-view with the building blockage (gray area) 141 projected by the corresponding building models on Google Earth (left). 142 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-flowchart-of-the-proposed-3dma-gnss-based-cbzf3eda.png Fig. 5 Flowchart of the proposed 3DMA GNSS-based collaborative positioning algorithm. 245 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-receiver-locations-of-the-static-experiment-top-and-27rm49yc.png Fig. 8 Receiver locations of the static experiment (top) and dynamic experiment (bottom) in the 308 urban area for the proposed 3DMA collaborative positioning algorithm. 309 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-positioning-solutions-of-ls-sdm-cp-dd2cc-cp-method-1-3bcg6xzp.png Fig. 12 Positioning solutions of LS, SDM, CP-DD2CC, CP-Method 1, CP-Method 2 regarding 411 and true receiver location (Truth) for Receiver 3 in the middle between buildings (left), Receiver 412 4 closed to the building (middle) and Receiver 5 on a narrow street closed to buildings (right). 413 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-positioning-error-and-standard-deviation-of-the-24pc8ofq.png Table 3 Mean positioning error and standard deviation of the classified degraded receivers by 415 LS, SDM, CP-DD2CC, CP-Method 1 and CP-Method 2 in a dynamic test 416 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-of-match-score-between-the-measured-w6z6k634.png Fig. 3 Distribution of match score between the measured satellite visibility and predicted satellite 145 visibility of different candidate positions. The color indicates the similarity score for each 146 candidate. 147 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-demonstration-of-the-complementary-positioning-error-1356go2o.png Fig. 7 Demonstration of the complementary positioning error distributions of SDM and Method 292 1 of the proposed 3DMA GNSS-based collaborative positioning algorithm. The upper panel 293 shows the positioning distributions based on real data. The lower picture demonstrates the idea 294 of the complementary characteristics. 295 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-positioning-error-distributions-of-ls-sdm-cp-dd2cc-cp-3fmsjqe9.png Fig. 11 Positioning error distributions of LS, SDM, CP-DD2CC, CP-Method 1 and CP-Method 2 353 for Receiver 5. 354 https://scispace.com/papers/recurrence-after-radical-prostatectomy-for-organ-confined-3kvgz23nfa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-prognostic-implication-of-positive-surgical-margins-2nroqaug.png Fig. 1. Prognostic implication of positive surgical margins. Kaplan-Meier estimates on the probability of biochemical progression after curative radical prostatectomy in organ-confined disease (n = 189). Surg marg: surgical margin; -: negative; +: positive; all: all patients. https://scispace.com/papers/recurrent-abortions-and-postnatal-loses-in-two-cases-171u217ix4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cbg-banding-pattern-of-chromosome-1-in-the-case-i-a-36var70r.png Fig. 4. CBG banding pattern of chromosome 1; in the case I (a) and case II (b). The extra euchromatic band within 1qh region (arrow). https://scispace.com/papers/recurrent-recurrence-of-positive-sars-cov-2-rna-in-a-covid-3vjp1z0ysm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-dynamics-of-lymphocyte-subtypes-and-cytokine-il-pdimhlu2.png Table 1 The dynamics of lymphocyte subtypes and cytokine IL–6 in the COVID-19 patient https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-20pmzaex.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/recurrently-deregulated-lncrnas-associated-with-hcc-4lsqdyf1np 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-regulatory-mechanisms-for-recurrently-deregulated-qc8ysyuy.png Figure 4 | Regulatory mechanisms for recurrently deregulated lncRNAs. (a) Summary of the regulatory mechanisms of recurrently deregulated lncRNAs. The numbers of lncRNAs associated with CNV and/or DNA methylation data are listed. Bimorphic lncRNAs were those that were recurrently upregulated in some patients and recurrently downregulated in other patients. The total number of lncRNAs is not equal to the sum of each type because of overlapping sub-types. (b) Chromosomal view of amplification and deletion peaks between primary tumours and normal tissue. The G-scores (top) and FDR q-values (bottom) of peaks were calculated using GISTIC2.0. The G-score considered the amplitude of the aberration and its frequency of occurrence across all samples. The q-value was calculated for the observed gain/loss at each locus using randomly permuted events as a control. Examples of recurrently https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-identification-of-candidate-lncrnas-in-60-hcc-19ex1gkk.png Figure 1 | Identification of candidate lncRNAs in 60 HCC samples. (a) Overview of the comprehensive experimental and computational scheme for the systematic identification of lncRNAs in samples from HCC patients. (b) Venn diagram showing the overlap between newly assembled lncRNAs and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-inference-of-potential-functions-for-recurrently-19i3ar6g.png Figure 5 | Inference of potential functions for recurrently deregulated lncRNAs using a co-expression network. (a) Network representation of 18 selected inter-connected clusters in the coding-non-coding co-expression network. (b) GO and KEGG pathway enrichment for four selected clusters (4, 9, 18 and 25). Heatmap showing enrichment scores ( log10(P value)) for GO terms and KEGG pathways in four selected clusters. The most significantly enriched GO terms and KEGG pathways are displayed. (c) Sub-network showing important genes/lncRNAs in cluster 25. The subnetwork https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-recurrently-deregulated-lncrnas-in-primary-tumours-2ibplake.png Figure 2 | Recurrently deregulated lncRNAs in primary tumours and PVTTs. Identification of recurrently deregulated lncRNAs: recurrently downregulated and upregulated lncRNAs that were predicted by three statistical methods to be associated with (a) tumorigenesis and (b) metastasis. Fold-change of expression in each individual patient for (c) recurrently deregulated tumorigenesis-associated lncRNAs; (d) recurrently deregulated https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-loss-of-function-assay-of-candidate-lncrnas-20f2cuww.png Figure 6 | Loss-of-function assay of candidate lncRNAs regulating cell migration. Transwell migration assays were conducted to test the effects of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-association-of-recurrently-deregulated-lncrnas-with-2eusvtcg.png Figure 3 | Association of recurrently deregulated lncRNAs with TCGA clinical data and other published data. (a) Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of recurrently deregulated tumorigenesis-associated lncRNAs based on TCGA LIHC data and published liver cancer data. lncRNAs were rank-ordered by differential expression between adjacent normal tissue and primary tumour samples. (b) GSEA of recurrently deregulated metastasis-associated lncRNAs. lncRNAs were rank-ordered by differential expression between primary tumours with and without vascular invasion in the TCGA LIHC data, as well as by differential expression between primary tumours and PVTTs in published liver cancer data. (c) Kaplan-Meier analysis of overall survival in the TCGA LIHC cohort. Subjects were stratified according to the expression of lncRNA RP11-166D19.1. The P value for Kaplan-Meier analysis was determined using log-rank test. (d) Multivariate analysis using additional clinical information. Forest plot depicting correlations between the indicated clinical criteria and the expression level of RP11-166D19.1. (e) Expression levels (TCGA data) of RP11-166D19.1 in three HCC subclasses (S1, S2 and S3). ***P valueo0.001, Wilcoxon rank-sum test. https://scispace.com/papers/recycle-reduce-and-reflect-information-overload-and-4wjjtnlflo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-legal-indicators-for-india-as-compared-to-china-nc75rr4u.png Table 1: Legal indicators for India, as compared to China https://scispace.com/papers/recursive-inspection-games-1zpzncy36e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-2x2-game-with-probability-p-for-playing-the-vx4kovw3.png Figure 1 Left: 2×2 game with probability p for playing the top row and q for playing the right column. Right: Payoffs to column and row player if (47) and (49) hold in the leadership game where the row player commits to p. https://scispace.com/papers/recursion-relations-in-p-adic-mellin-space-1z7qqn9ec0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-a-five-point-diagram-built-out-of-cubic-1bm0pbi2.png Figure 1: (a) A five-point diagram built out of cubic interaction vertices. The Mandelstam variables sA and sB are defined in (D.33). (b) A five-point diagram built out of cubic and quartic interaction vertices. https://scispace.com/papers/recursive-model-optimization-using-icp-and-free-moving-3d-3wp1e6fwr1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-real-time-tracking-consists-of-two-feedback-loops-a-vlhwqjn8.png Figure 4: Real-time tracking consists of two feedback loops: a fast real-time linear method based on correlation and/or center-of-mass to provide stable and optimum tracking, and a non-deterministic quasi real-time supervisory loop using the proposed ICP based algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tracking-and-imaging-video-sequence-topleft-the-25uwa6e4.png Figure 5: Tracking and imaging video sequence. Topleft: the system searches for an object within the field of view of the scanner; top-right: the object is found and a very low-resolution distorted model is created; bottomleft: tracking is resumed and the model refined; bottomright: results of tracking and model creation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-range-sensor-mounted-on-a-tripod-stability-is-2t7lxato.png Figure 1: Range sensor mounted on a tripod; stability is paramount in acquiring high accuracy range images. Accuracy of range data is the combination of the range sensor and its mechanical supporting structure. Vibrations and oscillations induced by winds or passing vehicles can seriously affect accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hand-held-acquisition-using-fast-lissajous-scanning-1bkkqr75.png Figure 2: Hand-held acquisition using fast Lissajous scanning patterns and real-time tracking using the 3D range data. External constraints imposed in Figure 1 or by using external trackers are completed removed; no external equipment is needed. This is one of the experimental configurations we used during this work, the exactly equivalent opposite being holding the 3D camera. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-final-model-optimized-using-multiple-lissajous-125amqgc.png Figure 8: Final model optimized using multiple Lissajous patterns, K= 4000, N=128. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-multi-resolution-model-of-figure5-from-the-initial-2rku394r.png Figure 6: Multi-resolution model of Figure5. From the initial low-resolution and distorted model 0m̂ to the more refined version km̂ (respectively K=1, 20, and 200, N=128). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-initial-model-0m-of-the-object-and-experiment-shown-12eo75wy.png Figure 7: Initial model 0m̂ of the object and experiment shown in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-typical-acquisition-speed-using-raster-imaging-2pnduedf.png Table 1: Typical acquisition speed using raster imaging. https://scispace.com/papers/recycling-antimalarial-leads-for-cancer-antiproliferative-3mix1a61t8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-structure-of-the-her-2-inhibitor-hki-272-11-2einofvm.png Figure 3. Structure of the HER-2 inhibitor HKI-272 (11). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-in-vitro-data-of-test-compounds-for-19k0ftu9.png Table 1 In vitro data of test compounds for antiproliferative activity against MKN-28, Caco-2, and MCF-7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-chloroquine-analogues-previously-reported-as-dual-t7mwfmsu.png Figure 2. Chloroquine analogues previously reported as dual-action antimalarials.14 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reported-examples-of-quinoline-and-cinnamic-acid-pcokpmv0.png Figure 1. Reported examples of quinoline- and cinnamic acid-based compounds with antitumor properties: chloroquine (1), distamicyn A (2) and tallismustine (3). https://scispace.com/papers/recycling-lithium-mine-tailings-in-the-production-of-low-kk58q7jpjk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-analysis-of-qfs-and-lds-wt-1p97nl31.png Table 1: Chemical analysis of QFS and LDS (wt%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-elemental-weight-composition-of-selected-points-from-1ast4gq7.png Table 6: Elemental weight composition of selected points from Figure 11 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mixture-proportioning-3g6yfe2o.png Table 4: Mixture proportioning https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-leaching-test-of-the-spodumene-tailings-qfs-1g8k88ho.png Table 2: Leaching test of the spodumene tailings (QFS) determined according to SFS-EN 12457-3 and limits suggested by the Finnish regulation (VNa 331/2013). https://scispace.com/papers/recycling-of-process-water-in-sulphide-flotation-effect-of-14b81rowyc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-zeta-potential-of-galena-at-different-calcium-ions-3azsbj3k.png Fig. 4: Zeta-potential of galena at different calcium ions concentration and with a fixed concentration of sulphate ions at pH 10.5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-xps-binding-energies-and-atomic-concentrations-on-6nxukyep.png Table 2. XPS binding energies and atomic concentrations on galena surfaces at different conditions (DW and PW - deionised and process water) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-recovery-and-grade-of-lead-from-bench-scale-tc6wlilv.png Table 3: Recovery and grade of lead from bench scale flotation using both tap water and process water at 22, 10 and 5oC temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-zeta-potential-response-of-galena-at-different-ph-in-19jtaxir.png Fig. 3: Zeta-potential response of galena at different pH in the presence of tap water, process water and tap water containing 200, 300 and 1000 ppm Ca. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-spectra-of-pure-and-h2o2-treated-galena-2r3d7g0o.png Fig. 7: Spectra of pure and H2O2 treated galena. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-calcium-and-sulphate-species-ions-balance-in-pbojma99.png Table 4. Calcium and sulphate species ions balance in solution from flotation of Renström ore at different temperature using both tap water and process water. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-recovery-of-galena-at-different-ph-in-deionised-and-25poinom.png Fig. 1: Recovery of galena at different pH in deionised and process water. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-difference-drift-spectra-of-galena-treated-with-1lu026b7.png Fig. 9. Difference DRIFT spectra of galena treated with calcium and sulphate ions in the presence of 5x10-5M xanthate after subtracting the mineral spectrum in deionised water (Top) and process water (Bottom) at pH 10.5. https://scispace.com/papers/recycling-today-sustainability-tomorrow-effects-of-1k797yjf3s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-cognitive-process-of-mental-construal-2pqj4z3k.png Figure 1.A Cognitive Process of Mental Construal https://scispace.com/papers/red-is-not-the-only-color-of-a-rainbow-the-making-and-3sd60om3sz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hiv-aids-intervention-poster-from-yinzhou-cdc-2018-31ep4x04.png Figure 1. HIV/AIDS intervention poster from Yinzhou CDC, 2018 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-between-beijing-changsha-and-guangzhou-2w0kvzxe.png Table 1. Comparison between Beijing, Changsha, and Guangzhou https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-special-column-on-aids-prevention-poster-utilizing-3kjspof3.png Figure 2. “Special column on AIDS prevention” poster utilizing scare tactics https://scispace.com/papers/red-green-and-blue-electrochromism-in-ambipolar-poly-amine-xuwnlwvth5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-redox-potentials-and-energy-levels-of-poly-amine-20rctaqq.png TABLE 2 Redox Potentials and Energy Levels of Poly(amine–amide–imide)s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cyclic-voltammetric-diagrams-of-poly-amine-amide-32jj1zo0.png FIGURE 2 Cyclic voltammetric diagrams of poly(amine–amide– imide) PAAI-2M and PAAI-2M0 films on an ITO-coated glass substrate over cyclic scans and ferrocene (inset) in 0.1 M TBAP/CH3CN at a scan rate of 50 mV/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-three-dimensional-spectroelectrochemical-behavior-tglb2g1r.png FIGURE 4 Three-dimensional spectroelectrochemical behavior of PAAI-2M thin film on the ITO-coated glass substrate in 0.1 M TBAP/CH3CN from 0 to 1.07 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-calculation-of-optical-switching-time-at-a-422-nm-35wjy7ea.png FIGURE 5 Calculation of optical switching time at (A) 422 nm and (B) 815 nm at the applied potential curves of PAAI-2M thin film ( 300 nm in thickness) on the ITO-coated glass substrate (coated area: 1.1 cm 0.5 cm) in 0.1 M TBAP/CH3CN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-electrochromic-behavior-of-poly-amine-amide-imide-1ix3jvbs.png FIGURE 3 Electrochromic behavior of poly(amine–amide–imide) PAAI-2M film on the ITO-coated glass substrate in (A) 0.1 M TBAP/CH3CN at applied potentials of (a) 0.00, (b) 0.52, (c) 0.55, (d) 0.58, (e) 0.64, (f) 0.76, (g) 0.87, (h) 0.90, (i) 0.93, (j) 0.96, and (k) 1.07 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), PAAI-2Mþ, black solid arrow; PAAI-2M2þ, gray solid arrow and (B) 0.1 M TBAP/DMF at applied potentials from 0 to 2.00 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-electrochromic-switching-between-a-0-and-0-74-v-and-1gdfz21f.png FIGURE 6 Electrochromic switching between (A) 0 and 0.74 V and (B) 0 and 1.16 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) of PAAI-2M thin film ( 300 nm in thickness) on the ITO-coated glass substrate (coated area: 1.1 cm 0.5 cm) in 0.1 M TBAP/CH3CN with a cycle time of 14 s. (a) Current consumption and (b) absorbance change monitored at the given wavelength. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-electrochromic-switching-between-a-0-and-0-85-v-and-ybuqlr0e.png FIGURE 7 Electrochromic switching between (A) 0 and 0.85 V and (B) 0 and 1.35 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) of PAAI-2M0 thin film ( 270 nm in thickness) on the ITO-coated glass substrate (coated area: 1.1 cm 0.5 cm) in 0.1 M TBAP/CH3CN with a cycle time of 20 s. (a) Current consumption and (b) absorbance change monitored at the given wavelength. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cyclic-voltammetric-diagram-of-paai-2m-film-on-ito-3f60qt42.png FIGURE 1 Cyclic voltammetric diagram of PAAI-2M film on ITO-coated glass substrate in CH3CN (oxidation) and DMF (reduction) solutions containing 0.1 M TBAP at scan rate of 50 and 100 mV/s, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/red-sea-outflow-experiment-redsox-dld2-rafos-float-data-2wtskewzzx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sound-sources-3qvecj50.png Table 2. Sound Sources https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-redsox-1-2-float-ballasting-status-message-results-38lpft44.png Table 3. REDSOX-1 & -2 Float Ballasting, Status Message Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-status-message-results-from-dld2-floats-top-panel-31ppy9kn.png Figure 5. Status message results from DLD2 floats. Top panel shows battery voltage for each float at time of surfacing (day 0) and at time of final status message transmission, and bottom panel presents the same information for vacuum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-redsox-1-and-2-cruise-tracks-showing-sound-source-mep6lbte.png Figure 1. REDSOX-1 and -2 cruise tracks, showing sound source, float deployment and CTD locations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-chart-depicts-the-duration-of-each-float-mission-d0ur3wfo.png Figure 3. Chart depicts the duration of each float mission, ordered from first release at top, to last release at the bottom. Floats deployed that did not transmit are not plotted (in chronological order: May 1st 2001 (r209), November 1st 2001 (r231), January 1st 2002 (r229), and March 1st 2002 (r230)). series floats surfaced. The https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-float-transmission-performance-number-of-days-14vq2qrb.png Figure 4. Float transmission performance, number of days versus percent message return of each float that transmitted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-performance-summary-2s36zlt2.png Table 5. Performance Summary https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-redsox-1-2-float-clock-and-argos-information-1bax2nqa.png Table 4. REDSOX-1 & -2 Float Clock and ARGOS Information https://scispace.com/papers/red-shifted-ilov-mutants-have-decreased-brightness-4a4h4q6dmc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-the-excitation-emission-spectra-of-20xbhrud.png Figure 3: Comparison of the excitation - emission spectra of iLOVV392K and iLOVV392K/F410V/A426S mutants. Excitation (A) and emission (B) spectra of the indicated iLOV variants. Values of the respective spectra were corrected by subtracting the blank (storage buffer), and then normalized to the highest value of the respective spectrum (A, B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-excitation-and-emission-spectra-of-purified-ilov-28mhyb5t.png Figure 2: Excitation and emission spectra of purified iLOV variants. Excitation (A) and emission (B) spectra of the indicated iLOV variants. Values of the respective spectra were corrected by subtracting the blank (storage buffer), and then normalized to the highest value of the respective spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-structures-of-ilovl470t-q489k-and-ilovv392k-1n5hv3bz.png Figure 1: Model structures of iLOVL470T/Q489K and iLOVV392K/F410V/A426S mutants. Cartoon and surface representation of iLOV structures with applied mutations (cyan). Mutant iLOV model structures (yellow) were generated by Swiss-Model web-server28 and FMN structures (red) were placed by aligning model outputs to WT iLOV X-ray structure (PDB id: 4EEP). Figures were generated by PyMOL29. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-measured-excitation-and-emission-3hrmr0lz.png Table 1: Summary of the measured excitation and emission peaks of iLOV variants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-analysis-of-ilov-variants-in-fluorescence-ckivmvpx.png Figure 4: Analysis of iLOV variants in fluorescence microscopy. Representative bright field (top) and eGFP (bottom) images of H1299 cells transiently transfected with the indicated iLOV construct. Scale bar for all micrographs is 30µm. https://scispace.com/papers/red-seaweed-asparagopsis-taxiformis-supplementation-reduces-38dhoikezu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-asparagopsis-taxiformis-inclusion-levels-pso5anv0.png TABLE 3 Effect of Asparagopsis taxiformis inclusion levels of 0%, 0.25%, and 0.5% of feed organic matter to three stages of beef 262 cattle diets on gas parameters 263 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-nutritional-composition-of-experimental-diets-3jnyfxgx.png TABLE 2 Nutritional composition of experimental diets, Asparagopsis taxiformis, and alfalfa 185 pellets 186 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effect-of-asparagopsis-taxiformis-inclusion-levels-1roa9maf.png TABLE 5 Effect of Asparagopsis taxiformis inclusion levels of 0%, 0.25%, and 0.5% feed organic matter to beef cattle diets on 298 animal parameters 299 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ingredients-of-the-experimental-diet-containing-high-gwjw73k3.png TABLE 1 Ingredients of the experimental diet containing high, medium, and low forage 153 concentrations (% of DM) 154 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-asparagopsis-taxiformis-inclusion-levels-3dxtif3b.png TABLE 4 Effect of Asparagopsis taxiformis inclusion levels of 0%, 0.25%, and 0.5% of feed 295 organic matter on animal parameters over 21 weeks 296 297 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-effects-of-asparagopsis-taxiformis-supplementation-t17vnrwd.png TABLE 6 Effects of Asparagopsis taxiformis supplementation on carcass quality, proximate 321 analysis, shear force, and consumer panel preference. 322 https://scispace.com/papers/redd-politics-in-the-media-a-case-study-from-vietnam-3a6ma9mq8e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-articles-from-the-keyword-search-about-2zi60a6v.png TABLE 2 Number of articles from the keyword search about climate change and forests from 2005–2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-policy-actors-outlook-on-future-of-redd-1np6lty4.png TABLE 4 Policy actors’ outlook on future of REDD+ https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-policy-actors-concerns-with-redd-effectiveness-2diyaqgl.png TABLE 5 Policy actors’ concerns with REDD+ effectiveness, efficiency and equity https://scispace.com/papers/redefining-replication-in-multi-ancestry-genome-wide-2t97irwl2f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-c-reactive-protein-is-an-exceptional-trait-where-1m8ccfhc.png Figure 2: C-reactive protein is an exceptional trait where standard GWA analyses may be sufficient to identify shared genetic architecture among ancestry cohorts. a. Genome-wide Manhattan plot for C-reactive protein levels. Ancestry-specific Bonferroni-corrected significance thresholds are shown with dashed horizontal grey lines and listed in Supplementary Table 10. Note that the scale of the -log10- transformed p-values on the y-axis is different for each ancestry for clarity. b. Manhattan plot of SNP-level associations around the CRP gene located on chromosome 1 for each ancestry (zoomed in from panel a). Boundaries of the CRP gene are shown with vertical dashed black lines. All six ancestries contain genome-wide significant SNPs in the region. Black stars in the European, South Asian, and East Asian plots represent rs3091244, a SNP that has been functionally validated as contributing to serum levels of C-reactive protein43,44. c. Heatmap of Bonferroni-corrected significant genotyped SNPs replicated between each pair of ancestries analyzed. Here, we focus on SNPs in the 1MB region surrounding the CRP gene. Entries along the diagonal represent the total number of SNP-level associations in the 1MB region surrounding the CRP gene for each ancestry. The color of each cell is proportional to the percentage of SNP-level associations replicated out of all possible replications in each ancestry pair (i.e., the minimum of the diagonal entries between the pairs being considered). For example, the maximum number of genome-wide significant SNPs that can possibly replicate between the Hispanic and East Asian is 25, and 20 replicate resulting in the cell color denoting 80% replication. A similar matrix, computed including imputed SNPs is shown in Supplementary https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-less-stringent-significance-thresholds-lead-to-a-1mhq9p20.png Figure 1: Less stringent significance thresholds lead to a decrease in the proportion of replicated SNP-level associations and an increase in the proportion of gene-level associations among ancestries for each of the 25 traits analyzed. a. Proportion of all SNP-level Bonferroni-corrected genome-wide significant associations in any ancestry that replicate in at least one other ancestry is shown on the x-axis (see Supplementary Table 10 for ancestry-trait specific Bonferroni corrected p-value thresholds). On the y-axis we show the proportion of significant gene-level associations that were replicated for a given phenotype in at least two ancestries (see Supplementary Table 14 for Bonferroni corrected significance thresholds for each ancestry-trait pair). The black stars on the x- and y-axes represent the mean proportion of replicates in SNP and gene analyses, respectively. C-reactive protein (CRP) contains the greatest proportion of replicated SNP-level associations of any of the phenotypes. b. The x-axis indicates the proportion of SNP-level associations that surpass a nominal threshold of p-value < 10−5 in at least one ancestry cohort that replicate in at least one other ancestry cohort. The y-axis indicates the proportion of gene-level associations that surpass a nominal threshold of p-value < 10−3 in at least one ancestry cohort and replicate in at least one other ancestry cohort. Nominal p-value thresholds tend to decrease the proportion of replicated SNP-level associations and tend to increase the proportion of replicated gene-level associations. The number of unique SNPs and genes that replicated in each cohort is given in Supplementary Figure 5. c. The x-axis indicates the proportion of SNP-level associations that surpass a nominal threshold of p-value < 10−3 in at least one ancestry cohort that replicate in at least one other ancestry cohort. The y-axis indicates the proportion of gene-level associations that surpass a nominal threshold of p-value < 10−2 in at least one ancestry cohort and replicate in at least one other ancestry cohort. The number of unique SNPs and genes that replicated in each cohort is given in Supplementary Figure 6. As shown in panel b, nominal p-value thresholds tend to decrease the proportion of replicated SNP-level associations and tend to increase the proportion of replicated gene-level associations. Expansion of three letter trait codes are given in Supplementary Table 2. Supplementary Figure 4 shows the same set of plots with all traits represented as text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-three-genomic-scales-and-corresponding-27tvfwyt.png Table 1: The three genomic scales and corresponding association tests used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-heritability-estimation-and-gene-level-association-3158g3kb.png Figure 4: Heritability estimation and gene-level association statistics do not categorically identify different genomic regions underwriting urate levels. a. Proportion of narrow-sense heritability explained by each chromosome for the 25 traits analyzed in the European and East Asian ancestries. For each of the 25 trait,s we obtained estimates of heritability explained by each chromosome using HESS66. For each chromosome and each of the two ancestry cohorts, we summarize proportion of heritability explained for 25 traits using boxplots (see also Figure 4 in Shi et al. 66). b-c. Regions enriched for SNPs contributing to narrow-sense heritability of urate levels are shared across (b) European and (c) East Asian ancestries. Estimates for each ancestry were obtained using HESS66. Four regions across the genome make large contributions to the narrow-sense heritability of urate levels, and are found in both the European and East Asian ancestries. One of these, containing known urate transporter SLC2A9, is also identified in our analysis of the South Asian ancestry cohort (Supplementary Figure 14). Additionally, both the European and East Asian ancestries have regions contributing to narrow-sense heritability that are not identified in the other; these contain known urate transporters SLC17A1 and SLC16A9 (labeled using ancestry-specific colors), respectively. d. Genome-wide Manhattan plot of gene-level p-values for urate levels in the European and East Asian ancestry cohorts calculated using the gene-ε method53. e. Local gene-level Manhattan plot of the region explaining the greatest amount of narrow-sense heritability of urate levels in both the European and East Asian ancestry cohorts located on chromosome 4. In each cohort, SLC2A9 surpasses the genome-wide Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold in gene-level analysis using gene-ε and lies within the region explaining the greatest amount of narrow-sense heritability. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-subnetwork-of-apolipoprotein-genes-is-vsbwhs9s.png Figure 3: A subnetwork of apolipoprotein genes is significantly enriched for mutations in European, East Asian, and Native Hawaiian ancestries associated with triglyceride levels. The largest significantly altered subnetwork (p-value < 0.05) for triglyceride levels contains overlapping gene subnetworks for each of the European, East Asian, and Native Hawaiian ancestries when analyzed independently with Hierarchical HotNet61. Each node in the network represents a gene. The shading of each node indicates the statistical significance of the association of that gene with triglyceride levels in a particular cohort. Two genes are connected if their protein products interact based on the ReactomeFI 201694 (European, East Asian) or iRefIndex 15.095 (Native Hawaiian) protein-protein interaction networks. Several genes from the apolipoprotein gene family are significantly associated with triglyceride levels in both the European and East Asian cohorts (see Data Availability). Additionally, the interactions between them form a highly connected subnetwork. Smaller subnetworks identified in the Native Hawaiian cohort are distal modules that are connected to the subnetwork detected in the European cohort. Not all genes in the largest significantly altered subnetwork for the Native Hawaiian ancestry group are shown for visualization purposes (127 not pictured here). Genes that contain SNPs previously associated to triglyceride levels in a European cohort in the GWAS catalog are indicated with †. Similarly, genes that contain SNPs previously associated with triglyceride levels in a non-European cohort in the GWAS Catalog are indicated with ‡. The studies identifying these associations are given in Supplementary Table 15. https://scispace.com/papers/redesign-and-optimization-of-the-paving-algorithm-applied-to-5610gaj03o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-behavior-of-the-parallelized-mesh-generator-dknooutc.png Figure 7. Behavior of the parallelized mesh generator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plate-with-several-small-inner-holes-1xazwkmh.png Figure 5. Plate with several small inner holes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-detailed-description-of-the-paving-algorithm-cfibh5p4.png Figure 4. Detailed description of the paving algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-plate-with-a-rectangular-hole-a-original-and-b-k4ow8f11.png Figure 11. Plate with a rectangular hole. (a) Original and (b) meshed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-plate-with-a-circular-hole-a-original-and-b-meshed-3lcrwjc8.png Figure 12. Plate with a circular hole. (a) Original and (b) meshed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-mq-1-predator-a-original-b-meshed-and-c-details-of-36xwd8vp.png Figure 20. MQ-1 Predator. (a) Original, (b) meshed and (c) details of the mesh. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pyramidal-geometry-meshed-a-front-view-developed-b-jiu0j0wi.png Figure 6. Pyramidal geometry meshed. (a) Front view developed. (b) Front view GiD. (c) Top view developed. (d) Top view GiD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-microstrip-circuit-meshed-6gxr9pcr.png Figure 10. Microstrip circuit meshed. https://scispace.com/papers/reddened-redshifted-or-intrinsically-red-understanding-near-1umhvib3n7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-uvw1-v-vs-b-v-colors-of-sne-ia-at-the-bluest-epoch-cc7imdlm.png Figure 4. uvw1−v vs. b−v colors of SNe Ia at the bluest epoch (top) and at the time of B-band maximum light (bottom). The top panel has larger errors because the errors come directly from the single epoch photometry, while the bottom panels have been fit with a template. Only SNe Ia with observations beginning five days before maximum light are included in these plots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-panel-uvw1-v-vs-b-v-color-evolution-for-oz1c2epp.png Figure 3. Top panel: uvw1−v vs. b−v color evolution for SN2011by shown with red symbols. The solid lines in each plot are the colors of SN2011fe with different amounts of reddening applied (in steps of E(B − V )=0.1 mag). The colors of SN2011by are consistent with SN2011fe, confirming it is a NUVblue SN Ia. Middle panel: uvw1−v vs. b−v color evolution for SN2012hr shown with red symbols. The uvw1−v colors are much redder than the templates reddened to comparable optical colors, which indicates that it is intrinsically a NUV-red SN Ia. Bottom panel: uvw1−v vs. b−v color evolution for SN2015F shown with red symbols. The colors are consistent with a reddened version of SN2011fe, which suggests that it is intrinsically a NUVblue SN Ia with approximately 0.2 mag of reddening. The expected Milky Way reddening is E(B − V )MW=0.18 mag (Schlafly & Finkbeiner 2011). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-uvw1-v-vs-b-v-colors-of-sne-ia-and-the-3n0fpgiw.png Figure 5. Left: uvw1−v vs. b−v colors of SNe Ia and the absolute magnitudes in uvw1 and v. They are compared to the predicted tracks for SN2011fe reddened with a MW extinction law. Right: uvw1−v vs. Δm15(B)of SNe Ia and the absolute magnitudes in uvw1 and v. The SNe Ia are color coded based on the B −V color. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-top-panel-a-histogram-of-the-uvw1-v-colors-at-the-37cwz6kh.png Figure 6. Top panel: a histogram of the uvw1−v colors (at the time of B-band maximum light) of the SNe Ia from Milne et al. (2013). Middle panel: a histogram of the uvw1−v colors (at the time of B-band maximum light) of the SNe Ia from our sample with 1.0<Δm15(B)<1.4 and (B − V )Bpeak<0.3. Bottom panel: a histogram of the vertical (uvw1 − v) offset from the uvw1−v vs. b−v colors of the reddened SN2011fe model using the same sample as the middle panel. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-supernova-information-2q02st6p.png Table 1 Supernova Information https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-14-sne-ia-that-meet-our-criteria-from-the-3bmni2pu.png Figure 1. Left: 14 SNe Ia that meet our criteria from the sample of Milne et al. (2013) are used to define the NUV-blue and NUV-red color evolution curves. Right: the expanded UVOT SNe Ia sample (31 SNe) considered in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-the-color-evolution-curves-of-the-sn2011fe-1afaw1tc.png Figure 2. Left: the color evolution curves of the SN2011fe template are shown after the application of a MW (RV=3.1) reddening law in steps of E(B – V )=0.1 mag. The colored regions correspond to the range of colors seen for SNe Ia identified as NUV-blue and NUV-red by Milne et al. (2013) and are shown in Figure 1. Right: the color evolution curves of the SN2011fe template are shown after redshifting in steps of z=0.01. https://scispace.com/papers/redesign-of-a-high-pressure-compressor-blade-accounting-for-1btkxtyrme 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-evolution-of-c-within-the-blade-profile-2v5yxopr.png Table 2. EVOLUTION OF c WITHIN THE BLADE PROFILE https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-two-first-eigenfrequencies-at-rest-2hd14yk9.png Table 3. Two first eigenfrequencies at rest https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-amplitude-of-the-leading-edge-axial-displacement-353b0sop.png Figure 6. Amplitude (( )) of the leading edge axial displacement when structural contacts occur and comparison with the initial profile (( )). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-level-of-abradable-removal-along-the-casing-3kejnyi3.png Figure 7. Level of abradable removal along the casing circumference at the end of the simulations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stacking-law-and-mesh-clamped-area-in-red-contact-2x3d5reh.png Figure 1. Stacking law and mesh (clamped area in red, contact nodes in green) of the blade of interest https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-von-mises-stress-fields-within-the-blade-deformed-g75kykgn.png Figure 4. Von mises stress fields within the blade (deformed geometry) at from the pressure side https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-von-mises-stress-fields-within-the-blade-deformed-3f6rnhc5.png Figure 3. Von mises stress fields within the blade (deformed geometry) at from the suction side https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2d-planar-representation-of-typical-casing-42h43dkv.png Figure 2. 2D planar representation of typical casing deformations https://scispace.com/papers/rediscovery-of-good-turing-estimators-via-bayesian-3t6s1d5dxm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-contour-lines-of-the-posterior-distribution-of-the-2fxbvhkw.png Figure 1. Contour lines of the posterior distribution of the parameter (σ, θ). The cross marks denote the estimates (σ̂, θ̂) obtained by means of the empirical Bayes procedure (18). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulated-data-from-a-zeta-distribution-comparison-2p652mnq.png Table 1 Simulated data from a Zeta distribution. Comparison between the true (0; l)-discovery Dn,0(l) with the estimate obtained by D̂n,0(l), Ďn,0(l), Ďn,0(l;S Poi), Ďn,0(l;S PD) and Ďn,0(l;S SGT). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-naegleria-aerobic-and-naegleria-anaerobic-libraries-2nnxt5rv.png Table 3 Naegleria aerobic and Naegleria anaerobic libraries. D̂n,m(l), for l = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and D̂n,m(0, . . . , τ), for τ = 3, 4, 5, and corresponding asymptotic 95% credible intervals (c.i.). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-naegleria-aerobic-and-naegleria-anaerobic-libraries-11hjxnul.png Table 2 Naegleria aerobic and Naegleria anaerobic libraries. Comparison between D̂n,m(0) and the corresponding asymptotic estimators D̂′n,m(0) and D̂ ∗ n,m(0). For the asymptotic estimators 95% credible intervals (c.i.) are provided. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-good-toulmin-estimator-dn-m-0-inner-exznvfaq.png Figure 2. Comparison of Good–Toulmin estimator Ďn,m(0) (inner dashed curves) and Bayesian nonparametric estimator D̂n,m(0) (inner solid curves) for m ranging in [0, n]. The Good–Toulmin estimates are endowed with 95% confidence intervals (outer dashed curves). Bayesian nonparametric estimators are endowed with asymptotic 95% credible intervals (outer solid curves). https://scispace.com/papers/redox-active-ordered-arrays-via-metal-initiated-self-4f1fz8s6dg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-molecular-structures-of-the-different-terpyridine-3ah25mi9.png Figure 1. Molecular structures of the different terpyridine containing ligands used (a) dend-8-tpy (b) TEPET (c) BTETET (d) BBDTB (e) (-)- CTXCT (f) (+)-CTXCT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-low-resolution-550x-550-nm-stm-image-of-film-3rjizwn9.png Figure 7. Low resolution (550× 550 nm) STM image of film derived from BTETET/Fe2+. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-medium-resolution-stm-image-40x-40-nm-unfiltered-30iua32p.png Figure 8. (a) Medium resolution STM image (40× 40 nm, unfiltered) of film derived from BBDTB/Fe2+ on HOPG. (b) High-resolution STM image (9.3× 9.3 nm) of the film presented in Figure 8a. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-high-resolution-image-13x-13-nm-of-a-ctxct-fe2-nv4diipy.png Figure 10. (a) High-resolution image (13× 13 nm) of a (-)-CTXCT/ Fe2+ film (b) High-resolution image (19× 19 nm) of a (+)-CTXCT/ Fe2+ film (c) Model of film derived from (+)-CTXCT/Fe2+ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-medium-resolution-stm-image-30x-30-nm-of-dend4-ynn1hii2.png Figure 9. (a) Medium resolution STM image (30× 30 nm) of dend4-tpy/Co2+ film. (b) Medium resolution STM image (20× 20 nm) of BBDTB/Co2+ film. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sizes-of-the-iron-ii-coordinated-dendrimers-based-on-2omxzne7.png TABLE 1: Sizes of the Iron(II) Coordinated Dendrimers Based on Molecular Modeling Compared to the Sizes Obtained from STM Imaging https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dpsca-experiments-of-dend-8-tpy-co2-films-a-current-290s583y.png Figure 4. DPSCA experiments of dend-8-tpy/Co2+ films (a) Current/ time transient (b) Plot of i vst-1/2 used to obtain Do for dend-8-tpy/ Co2+. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-cyclic-voltammogram-of-a-dend-8-tpy-fe2-film-on-2ocysxvw.png Figure 5. (a) Cyclic voltammogram of a dend-8-tpy/Fe2+ film on an HOPG electrode (b) 550× 550 nm STM image of dend-8-tpy/Fe2+ film (c) 200 × 200 nm close up of an ordered region (d) 26× 26 nm close-up of the same area. https://scispace.com/papers/redox-balance-and-carbonylated-proteins-in-limb-and-heart-4ot47ktwz8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-representative-examples-of-the-different-sets-of-hne-3knpd0a3.png FIG. 2. (A) Representative examples of the different sets of HNE–protein adduct immunoblots corresponding to the muscles analyzed in the study: gastrocnemius, TA, EDL, soleus, and heart of tumor-bearing and control rats. Note that the pattern and intensity of the different HNE–protein adduct bands differed across the different muscles. (B) Mean values and standard deviation of HNE–protein adducts [optical densities (OD) expressed in arbitrary units (au)] were significantly greater (*p< 0.05) in the gastrocnemius, TA, soleus, and heart of cachectic rats (T) compared with control animals (Ctl). (C) Representative examples of the different sets of MDA–protein adduct immunoblots corresponding to the muscles analyzed in the study: gastrocnemius, TA, EDL, soleus, and heart of tumor-bearing and control rats. Note that the pattern and intensity of the different MDA–protein adduct bands differed across the different muscles. (D) Mean values (SD) of MDA–protein adducts [optical densities (OD) expressed in arbitrary units (au)] were significantly greater (*p< 0.05) in the gastrocnemius, TA, and heart of cachectic rats (T) compared with control animals (Ctl). (E) Representative 2D immunoblots corresponding to the detection of MDA–protein adducts in crude muscle homogenates of gastrocnemius (top panels) and heart (bottom panels) of control and cachectic rats (left and right panels, respectively). b-Enolase (1), creatine kinase (2), carbonic anhydrase-3 (3), actin (4), tropomyosin (5), and ATP synthase (6) were consistently oxidized in the gastrocnemius of both cachectic and control rats. Furthermore, creatine kinase (1), actin (2), tropomyosin (3), myosin-6 (4), myosin light chain (5), vacuolar proton pump (6), ATP synthase (7), NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (8), and aldehyde dehydrogenase mitochondrial (9) were consistently oxidized in the hearts of both cachectic and control rats. Albumin also was modified by MDA in the muscles of both control and cachectic rats (arrows). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-values-sd-of-total-mda-protein-adducts-optical-1nw9okcq.png FIG. 4. Mean values (SD) of total MDA–protein adducts [optical densities (OD) expressed in arbitrary units (au)] of each identified protein in limb and heart muscles of cachectic and control rats. Note that levels of MDA–protein adducts of several muscle proteins [enolase, aldolase, creatine kinase (CK), carbonic anhydrase (CA)-3, actin, tropomyosin (tropoMy), ATP synthase, My-6, myosin light chain (MyLC), vacuolar proton pump (VPP), NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (NADHubiQ), and aldehyde-dehydrogenase (DH)] were significantly greater in gastrocnemius, TA, soleus, and heart, but not EDL, of cachectic rodents than in control animals. Statistical significance is expressed as follows: tumor-bearing rats (T) versus control rats (Ctl): *p< 0.05; **p< 0.01; ***p< 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-identified-carbonylated-proteins-in-limb-muscles-and-19v5da3i.png Table 2. Identified Carbonylated Proteins in Limb Muscles and Heart of Tumor-Bearing and Control Rats https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-values-and-standard-deviation-of-total-reactive-3phdyc18.png FIG. 3. Mean values and standard deviation of total reactive carbonyls [optical densities (ODs) expressed in arbitrary units (au)] of each identified protein in limb and heart muscles of cachectic and control rats. Note that levels of reactive carbonyls of several muscle proteins [enolase, aldolase, creatine kinase (CK), carbonic anhydrase (CA)-3, actin, tropomyosin (tropoMy), ATP synthase, and NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (NADH-ubiQ)] were significantly greater in gastrocnemius, soleus, and heart, but not TA or EDL, of cachectic rodents than in control animals. Moreover, My-6, myosin light chain (MyLC), vacuolar proton pump (VPP), and aldehyde-dehydrogenase (DH) also were oxidized in the cardiac muscles, without showing significant differences between cachectic and control rats. Statistical significance is expressed as follows: tumor-bearing rats (T) versus control rats (Ctl): *p< 0.05; ***p< 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-histochemical-scores-corresponding-to-protein-2hvt1kz8.png Table 6. Histochemical Scores Corresponding to Protein Carbonylation Staining in Type I and Type II Fibers of the Gastrocnemius Muscle in Rats https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-histochemical-scores-corresponding-to-mda-protein-1s49f7q9.png Table 7. Histochemical Scores Corresponding to MDA-Protein Adducts Staining in Type I and Type II Fibers of the Gastrocnemius Muscle in Rats https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-identified-mda-protein-adducts-in-the-limb-muscles-1c0p7l6d.png Table 3. Identified MDA-Protein Adducts in the Limb Muscles and Heart of Tumor-Bearing and Control Rats https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-representative-examples-of-the-different-sets-of-mn-3ber78z5.png FIG. 5. (A) Representative examples of the different sets of Mn-SOD immunoblots corresponding to the muscles analyzed in the study: gastrocnemius, TA, EDL, soleus, and heart of tumor-bearing and control rats. (B) Mean values and standard deviation of Mn-SOD protein [optical densities (ODs) expressed in arbitrary units (au)] were significantly greater (*p< 0.05) only in the heart of cachectic rats (T) compared with control animals (Ctl). (C) Representative examples of the different sets of catalase immunoblots corresponding to the muscles analyzed in the study: gastrocnemius, TA, EDL, soleus, and heart of tumor-bearing and control rats. (D) Mean values and standard deviation of catalase protein [optical densities (ODs) expressed in arbitrary units (au)] were significantly greater (*p< 0.05) only in the TA and heart of cachectic rats (T) compared with control animals (Ctl). https://scispace.com/papers/redox-chemistry-and-electronic-properties-of-2-3-5-6-tve2c4oye4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-electronic-absorption-spectra-o-f-1-2-2a-3-4-4a-3-3ono76ql.png Figure 3. Electronic absorption spectra o f [1]2 + , [2a] + , [3]4 + , [4a]3 + , and [5a]2 + in M eC N . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-u-v-vis-spectra-recorded-during-the-chem-ical-2vmjf05g.png Figure 8. U V —vis spectra recorded during the chem ical oxidation o f [4b]3 + to [4b]4+ w ith Ce(TV) in M eC N . https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-major-low-energy-electronic-transitions-calculated-hd652ayu.png Table 4. Major Low-Energy Electronic Transitions Calculated by TD-DFT for [3]4+ , [4]3 + , and [5]2+, Wavelength (nm), Oscillator Strength (f ), and Assignment https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-electronic-absorption-spectra-of-complexes-1-2-5-2-1qi1871q.png Table 3. Electronic Absorption Spectra of Complexes [1]2+ — [5]2+ and Reference Compounds in MeCN https://scispace.com/papers/redox-regulation-of-calcium-ion-channels-chemical-and-tto5qnk482 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-precepts-of-epr-a-the-energy-level-separation-of-the-24zyzd57.png Fig. 2. Precepts of EPR. (A) The energy level separation of the two electron spin states depends on the applied magnetic field. The microwave induced transition is indicated by the arrow. (B) The electron levels are split by a 14N-nucleus giving three EPR transitions. (C) The absorption spectrum at Bo is recorded as first derivative. (D) The associated spectrum shows three EPR lines, A is the hyperfine splitting of 14N. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-redox-regulation-of-trpm-trpa-and-trpv-channels-dsmi68db.png Table 2 Redox regulation of TRPM, TRPA and TRPV channels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-redox-and-ca2-signaling-pathways-a-agonist-apc-antigen-8atw79u3.png Fig. 4. Redox and Ca2+ signaling pathways. A, agonist; APC, antigen presenting cell; CD, cluster of differentiation; DAG, diacylglycerol; DUOX, dual oxidase; GPCR, G proteincoupled receptor; IP3, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate; IP3R, IP3 receptor; LAT, linker of activated T cells; MPO, myeloperoxidase; PARP-1, poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase; PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; PLC, phospholipase C; PMCA, plasma membrane calcium ATPase; SERCA, sarco-endoplasmic reticulum ATPase; STIM, stromal interaction molecule; TRP, transient receptor potential; cSOD, cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase; mSOD, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase; ADPR, ADP-ribose; AA, arachidonic acid; HPETE, hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid; VOC channel, voltage operated calcium channel; NOX, NADPH oxidase; NADP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-visualization-of-redox-potential-dependencies-a-1r40i5j8.png Fig. 1. Visualization of redox potential dependencies. (A) Dependence of the effective redox potential of a redox couple involving proton transfer on the portion of the normalized reduced species cRed1. (B) Redox equilibrium of the pairs UQ/UQH• and O2/O2¯• . For detail see text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-redox-regulation-of-soce-and-crac-orai-channels-y3twltcz.png Table 4 Redox regulation of SOCE and CRAC/Orai channels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-redox-regulation-of-trpc-channels-3tx7odlq.png Table 3 Redox regulation of TRPC channels. https://scispace.com/papers/redox-transients-of-p680-associated-with-the-incremental-1scaxyq393 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-transient-absorption-kinetics-in-dcmu-treated-dark-llega925.png Fig. 3. (A) Transient absorption kinetics in DCMU-treated, dark adapted PSII core complex from T. vulcanus at 819 nm using single flash excitation (black trace) and multiple flash excitations at 2 s-1 (red trace). The traces are averages of 4 and 128 signals, respectively. To reach the stationary state with multiple flash excitations, 10 pre-flashes were applied at the same repetition rate. The inset shows the kinetics up to 800 ns upon a single-flash excitation. The smooth lines represent bi-exponential fits of the curves (from 1 to 800 ns for the black curve and from 360 ps to 50 ns for the red one). (B) Traces in green, black, blue and red were recorded upon a second flash excitation, which followed a saturating (pre-)flash after Δt = 5 µs, 100 µs, 5 ms and 100 ms, respectively. The plotted signals are averages of 5 to 8 experiments on fresh samples from the same stock; the smooth lines represent global biexponential fits of the curves (fitting interval: 360 ps – 50 ns, shared time constants); inset: dependence of the fitted amplitudes on the delay between the first (pre-) flash and the actinic flash (Table 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-amplitude-a1-and-a2-and-lifetime-t1-and-t2-lpjhy7v8.png Table 1. Amplitude (A1 and A2) and lifetime (τ1 and τ2) parameters of the transient absorption kinetics fitted with two exponentials and the amplitude of the residual long component (y0) (see Methods). Numbers marked with a * are results of a global fit with shared time constants. https://scispace.com/papers/reduced-cd40l-expression-on-ex-vivo-activated-cd4-t-3oiop085fi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-surface-cd40l-expression-in-subgroups-group-2a-and-1thiqud1.png Fig. 4. Surface CD40L expression in subgroups: group 2a ()) and group 3a ([): patients with already initially raised s-crea levels and group 2b ($) and group 3b (P): patients with gradually increasing s-crea. Because of a better perceptibility at lower PMA concentrations, CD4/CD40L levels were depicted only from 0 to 50 ng/ml PMA. p values at 2 ng PMA: 2a versus 3a = 0.0356, 2b versus 3a = 0.0066, 2b versus 3b = 0.0030; p values at 10 ng PMA: 2a versus 2b = 0.0322, 2a versus 3a = 0.0064, 2a versus 3b = 0.0239, 2b versus 3a = 0.0016, 2b versus 3b = 0.0009. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cd40l-expression-on-t-helper-cells-in-normal-subjects-1e2ls9bb.png Fig. 5. CD40L expression on T-helper cells in normal subjects after ex vivo stimulation of whole blood – dose response for ionomycin. Blood was incubated at 37°C for 4 h with 6 different concentrations of ionomycin [0 (d), 50 ()), 100 (P), 200 (o), 300 ($) and 400 ng/ml ([) ionomycin] and 10 different concentrations of PMA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-influence-of-pma-and-ionomycin-on-cd40l-expression-on-3ulg82rt.png Fig. 6. Influence of PMA and ionomycin on CD40L expression on enriched peripheral CD4+ T-cells obtained from a normal subject. Enrichment was performed by negative selection strategy on PBMC using an antibody mix (anti-CD8, -CD19, -CD14, -CD16 and -CD56 mAb) and Dynabeads® to deplete cytotoxic T-cells, B-cells, NK-cells and monocytes. Cells were incubated with the same concentrations of activators as in figure 5. Ionomycin concentration: 0 (d), 50 ()), 100 (P), 200 (o), 300 ($) and 400 ng/ml ([). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-enriched-cd4-t-cells-kinetic-analysis-of-a-normal-skahhy3j.png Fig. 7. Enriched CD4+ T-cells – kinetic analysis of a normal subject: Influence of B-cells and monocytes on ex vivo CD40L expression. In order to determine influence of monocytes and B-cells on CD40L expression, CD4+ T-cells were incubated with 100 ng/ml ionomycin and different concentrations of PMA (0–100 ng/ml) for 1 (d), 2 (P), 3 (o), 4 ($), 5 ([) and 22 h ()). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-bsem-dosage-of-immunosuppressants-mg-kg-body-2acss9er.png Table 1. Mean (BSEM) dosage of immunosuppressants (mg/kg body weight/day; number of patients in parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-patient-demographics-of-the-renal-transplant-groups-39053pkx.png Table 2. Patient demographics of the renal transplant groups (mean B SD) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-facs-gating-strategy-on-peripheral-t-lymphocytes-3f9haduf.png Fig. 1. FACS gating strategy on peripheral T-lymphocytes stimulated ex vivo by three-color flow cytometry (CD3-APC, CD8-FITC, CD40L-PE) shown in a healthy control. CD40L expression on CD4+ T-cells was determined by the following negative selection strategy using two gates: the first around the lymphocyte population (FSC versus SSC, R1), the second gate around CD3+CD8– cells (correlating with CD4+ cells, R2). Events registered in R1 and R2 were analyzed for CD40L expression. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-patient-demographics-of-the-renal-transplant-groups-3jumpnrv.png Table 3. Patient demographics of the renal transplant groups (mean B SD) https://scispace.com/papers/reduced-concreteness-of-worry-in-generalized-anxiety-u23xqruspd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1n7izgji.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/reduced-complexity-transmit-beamforming-codebook-search-4b4i9303s8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ser-performance-of-various-grouping-configurations-2twt5wvp.png Fig. 2 SER performance of various grouping configurations when (Mt, N) ¼ (3, 16), (4, 16) and (5, 64) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparisons-among-number-of-average-candidate-weight-3fqjs294.png Table 1: Comparisons among number of average candidate weight vectors under two systems considered when assuming Mr ¼ 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-cb-index-grouping-when-mt-n-1-4-2-64-1w89n4b6.png Fig. 1 Example of CB index grouping when (Mt, N) ¼ (2, 64) https://scispace.com/papers/reduced-emotional-responsiveness-in-individuals-with-1zgir6clvx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-for-startle-amplitude-in-the-2915c5h5.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics for startle amplitude in the comparison and elevated BP groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overall-and-group-wise-demographic-information-of-sjkqup10.png Table 1: Overall and group-wise demographic information of the participants https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-latencies-to-response-onset-in-ms-for-pleasant-3n1yuolq.png Figure 2: Mean latencies to response onset (in ms) for pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant valence in comparison and elevated BP groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-startle-amplitude-in-the-three-valence-conditions-2tz5rwmt.png Table 4: Startle amplitude in the three valence conditions for three values of latent BP (Mean – 1 SD, Mean, Mean + 1 SD) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-latencies-to-response-onset-and-peak-in-the-26hevxq7.png Table 3: Mean latencies to response onset and peak in the comparison and elevated BP groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-moderating-role-of-latent-bp-in-the-relationship-of-35340jed.png Figure 3: Moderating role of latent BP in the relationship of valence and startle amplitude https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-startle-amplitudes-in-microvolts-for-pleasant-9rs02t4p.png Figure 1: Mean startle amplitudes (in microvolts) for pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant picture categories in the comparison and elevated BP groups https://scispace.com/papers/reduced-dietary-intake-of-pro-inflammatory-toll-like-1einer5aw5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequency-of-consumption-of-food-types-stratified-by-24kuid0e.png Table 1: Frequency of consumption of food types stratified by risk of PAMP contamination before and during the chronic study https://scispace.com/papers/reduced-influence-of-perceptual-context-in-schizophrenia-1nlqjnf6bp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-demographic-characteristics-and-symptom-rhrdgjm0.png Table 1. Participant Demographic Characteristics and Symptom Ratings https://scispace.com/papers/reduced-model-and-application-of-inflating-circular-5b1jh2q6uv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-poly-owc-wec-30zwwv7o.png Fig. 1 Poly-OWC WEC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-between-fea-and-reduced-models-of-the-caz9w3xe.png Fig. 5 Comparison between FEA and reduced models of the electro-visco-hyperelastic dynamic response of the ICD-DEG: tip displacement h versus time s https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-icd-deg-a-icd-deg-undeformed-state-b-icd-deg-rokq3pub.png Fig. 2 ICD-DEG: (a) ICD-DEG undeformed state, (b) ICD-DEG prestretched state with no differential pressure and electric potential, (c) ICD-DEG deformed state with differential pressure and/or electric potential, and (d) infinitesimal ICD-DEG element https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-energy-harvested-per-cycle-by-the-poly-owc-with-icd-3m8ohh2u.png Fig. 6 Energy harvested per cycle by the poly-OWC with ICD-DEG power take-off as function of ICD-DEG initial tip height h0 and prestretch kp. Different plots are for different ICD-DEG thicknesses t (measured at h50). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-visco-elastic-model-for-the-mechanical-response-of-de-10kfccv2.png Fig. 3 Visco-elastic model for the mechanical response of DE: Zener model with two hyperelastic networks and one dashpot https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-energy-harvested-per-cycle-by-the-poly-owc-with-icd-1fc717e8.png Fig. 7 Energy harvested per cycle by the poly-OWC with ICD-DEG power take-off as function of ICD-DEG initial tip height h0 and prestretch kp. Different plots are for the same ICD-DEG thickness t (measured at h5 0), but for different sea-state conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-representation-of-the-considered-energy-harvesting-19300567.png Fig. 4 Representation of the considered energy harvesting cycle in the stretch/electric-field plane https://scispace.com/papers/reduced-models-for-binocular-rivalry-37f54n416o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-left-column-a-simulation-of-the-deterministic-dynamics-egrw78dh.png Fig. 6 Left column: a simulation of the deterministic dynamics (12), including transients. (a): Φ and χ as functions of time. (b): the trajectory in the top panel laid over the deterministic direction field. Right column: Simulations of the Langevin equation (13). (c): Φ and χ as functions of time. (d): Motion in the Φ,χ plane for a simulation of length 30 sec. Compare with Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-blue-black-arrows-deterministic-vector-field-as-evh7mlx7.png Fig. 16 Blue (black) arrows: deterministic vector field as estimated using the techniques in Sec. 3.1 (Sec. 6). Red (green) curve: trajectory following the deterministic vector field shown with blue (black) arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-estimates-of-a-f1-x-and-b-f2-x-i-e-the-components-of-1tr441h3.png Fig. 3 Estimates of (a): f1(X) and (b): f2(X), i.e. the components of the vector in (5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-dynamics-of-ph-and-kh-with-noise-of-amplitude-b-2-1dhfq2uv.png Fig. 13 The dynamics of Φ and χ with noise of amplitude β = 2/3 added to the fine-scale model, as described in Sec. 5. (a): Φ and χ as functions of time. (b): Motion in the Φ,χ plane for a simulation of length 30 sec. Motion is in the clockwise direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-estimates-of-a-g11-x-b-g21-x-and-c-g22-x-2ss598bb.png Fig. 5 Estimates of (a): G11(X), (b): G21(X) and (c): G22(X). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-estimates-of-a-g11-b-g21-and-c-g22-as-functions-of-19dejulz.png Fig. 10 Estimates of (a): G11, (b): G21 and (c): G22 as functions of the variables ν1 and ν2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-estimates-of-f1-left-column-and-f2-right-column-for-113sfin3.png Fig. 14 Estimates of f1 (left column) and f2 (right column) for noise intensities β = 0 (top row), β = 2/3 (second row), β = 4/3 (third row) and β = 2 (bottom row). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-rasterplot-for-the-excitatory-population-each-22fime1w.png Fig. 1 (a): a rasterplot for the excitatory population. Each firing of an excitatory neuron is marked by a black bar. (b): [Ca] for neurons 15 (solid) and 45 (dashed). (c): φ for neurons 15 (solid) and 45 (dashed). The activity in the inhibitory population mimics that in the excitatory. https://scispace.com/papers/reduced-nicotinamide-mononucleotide-nmnh-potently-enhances-ivmgzhke3t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nmnh-synthesis-1rxqjlkf.png Figure 1. NMNH synthesis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nmnh-is-potent-nad-booster-both-in-vitro-and-in-12c6jdg2.png Figure 2. NMNH is potent NAD+ booster both in vitro and in vivo (A) NMNH had better NAD+ enhancing effect than NMN in HepG2 cell. Cellular NAD+ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-nmnh-repressed-cell-growth-in-vitro-a-high-1ftlj23x.png Figure 4. NMNH repressed cell growth in vitro (A) High concentration NMNH inhibited the growth of HepG2. Cell growth rates were determined after NMNH treatment for 72 h using CCK-8 (Dojindo, Kumamoto, Japan). Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3). ****p < 0.0001. Significance is obtained compared to the untreated group unless otherwise specified. (B) Percentages of G1phase, S phase, and G2/M phase subpopulations in differently treated HepG2 cells by cell cycle analysis. Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 5). ****p < 0.0001. Significance is obtained compared to the untreated group unless otherwise specified. (C) Growth curve of 786-O under 500 μM NMNH treatment. Cell growth rate were determined under 500 μM NMNH treatment using CCK-8 (Dojindo, Kumamoto, Japan). Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3). ****p < 0.0001. Significance is obtained compared to the untreated group unless otherwise specified. (D) 786-O is more sensitive to NMNH compared to HK-2. Cell growth rates were determined after NMNH treatment for 72 h using CCK-8 (Dojindo, Kumamoto, Japan). Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3). **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. Significance is obtained compared to the untreated group unless otherwise specified. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nmnh-repressed-glycolysis-and-tca-cycle-3t0nzoe2.png Figure 3. NMNH repressed glycolysis and TCA cycle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-nmnh-induced-nad-synthesis-pathway-deconstructing-s4z0fldy.png Figure 5. NMNH-induced NAD+ synthesis pathway deconstructing https://scispace.com/papers/reduced-specificity-of-autobiographical-memory-a-mediator-38mame3sr9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-standard-deviations-and-zero-order-2zr68mk1.png Table 1 Means, standard deviations and zero-order correlations for AMT specificity, MEPS effectiveness and rumination https://scispace.com/papers/reducing-and-widening-disparities-with-blind-evaluations-hvlub3xjfw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-scores-by-pi-and-applicant-genders-262tm639.png Figure 2: Mean Scores by PI and Applicant Genders https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-3oyh3nw4.png Table 1: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-blinding-on-pi-gender-gaps-1w9xcmcv.png Figure 3: Effect of Blinding on PI Gender Gaps https://scispace.com/papers/reduced-transition-probabilities-to-the-first-2-state-in-52-3bqksp1hc9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-the-measured-2-1-excitation-energies-and-2goo47t6.png FIG. 2. Comparison of the measured 2+1 excitation energies and absolute B(E2; 0+ → 2+1 ) transition strengths with the results of large-scale shell model calculations using the GXPF1 [dashed lines in panels (a) and (b)] and GXPF1A [solid lines in (a) and (b)] effective interactions. The B(E2; 0+ → 2+1 ) value for 52Ti is the weighted average of the two measurements given in Table I. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representative-coincidence-g-ray-spectra-for-76ge-and-2jro7b31.png FIG. 1. Representative coincidence γ -ray spectra for 76Ge and the even 52–56Ti isotopes Doppler reconstructed event by event in the projectile frame. The energy at mid-target for 76Ge was 73.5 MeV/nucleon, and the distance of closest approach was 17.6 fm as deduced from the maximum scattering angle in the centerof-mass frame of projectile and target, θ c.m. < 3.1◦. For 52Ti the corresponding values for the 256 mg/cm2 and 518 mg/cm2 Au targets were 82.4 and 79.1 MeV/nucleon, respectively, with θ c.m. < 3.1◦ and <3.3◦ and similar distances of closest approach of 13.9 fm. The spectrum measured with the thinner target is shown in the figure. For 54Ti and 56Ti, the respective projectile energies were 83.3 and 78.6 MeV/nucleon, with distances of closest approach of 14.0 fm and 14.1 fm computed from θ c.m. < 3.2◦ and <3.6◦. The arrows indicate the expected location of transitions deexciting the 2+2 levels (see text for details). https://scispace.com/papers/reducing-criminal-recidivism-evaluation-of-citizenship-an-zzv9vip8hh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kaplan-meier-survival-curve-for-reconvictions-by-1oqlc7pb.png Figure 2: Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve for Reconvictions by Group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-citizenship-pathway-model-gppysbhk.png Figure 1: Citizenship Pathway Model https://scispace.com/papers/reducing-geological-uncertainty-by-conditioning-on-boreholes-3wh3nb4hl5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-vertical-transition-probability-matrix-of-the-1650-m-ogseho01.png Table 2 Vertical transition probability matrix of the 1,650-m crosssection calculated over sampling intervals of 0.25 m (modified from Keshta 2003) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-horizontal-and-vertical-transition-probability-kba8q9gu.png Table 3 Horizontal and vertical transition probability matrices of the 240-m cross-section modified from Keshta (2003) and reprinted from Elfeki 2006b with permission from Elsevier https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-soil-properties-at-core-scale-of-the-240x10-m-z036ykh7.png Table 4 Soil properties at core scale of the 240×10 m crosssection from Bierkens 1996) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-performance-of-global-variograms-of-single-9afdd8rr.png Fig. 8 Performance of global variograms of single realizations of the 240×10 m cross-section shown in Fig. 6 in the x- (left panel) and the y-direction (right panel), with conditioning on 2, 3, 5, 9 and 25 boreholes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-application-of-the-cmc-on-the-1650-m-cross-section-16txkpji.png Fig. 4 Application of the CMC on the 1,650-m cross-section conditioned on 39 boreholes. a The schematized picture of the overall crosssection. b Shows the boreholes location and lithologies observed at each borehole. The corresponding stochastic simulation (single realization) conditioned on these boreholes is shown in (c). d–i Images are ensemble indicator functions of the six lithologies/states (i.e., probability of existence of each lithology) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-performance-of-indicator-variograms-of-single-2vzjgxig.png Fig. 7 Performance of indicator variograms of single realizations of the 240×10 m cross-section shown in Fig. 6 in the x- (left panel) and the z-direction (right panel), with conditioning on 2, 3, 5, 9 and 25 boreholes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-the-study-area-and-cross-section-showing-24pmr3q1.png Fig. 1 Location of the study area and cross-section showing the deposits of the Holocene fluvial systems, modified from Weerts (1996). a Shows the Netherlands, b shows the Gorkum area, c delineates the study area and shows the location of the cross-sections NW– SE and W–E, d shows the overall cross-section drawn from the boreholes; the window on the image is the part used for the geological simulations (note the vertical exaggeration). Description of lithology codes 1–6 and channel deposit codes c1–c3 are also shown https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-performance-of-the-location-of-the-conditioning-nbqcudkh.png Fig. 11 Performance of the location of the conditioning middle borehole in a single realization. Top image shows the original cross-section and below this are shown performance for borehole location at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 m, respectively https://scispace.com/papers/reducing-fisheries-impacts-on-the-seafloor-a-bio-economic-45jtdrxdca 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-type-of-data-collection-and-monitoring-program-data-2ji19x21.png Table 1. Type of data collection and monitoring program data used to condition the DISPLACE Kattegat and Baltic Sea application https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-simulation-outcomes-on-biological-indicators-fishing-30j92f1i.png Table 3. Simulation outcomes on biological indicators (fishing mortality F, spawning stock biomass SSB, and landings or incidental catches) for selected scenarios, as averaged over the replicates and expressed as ratios over the baseline estimates on the final simulation year. The ratios are logtransformed, meaning that 0 is no effect, a positive value is a smaller value for the baseline, and vice versa. Biological indicators are produced for the stocks with stock number dynamics being explicitly simulated. The harbour porpoise stock refers to the one present in the western Baltic sea and the Kattegat (see annexes). ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-corresponding-surface-area-closed-for-bottom-1jkdrync.png Figure 1. Corresponding surface area closed for bottom-contact gears when historical fishing spatial effort allocation is being cut starting from the peripheral cells towards the core cells of fishing grounds. The relationship is curved because the fishing tends to be patchily distributedly distributed by concentrating on some specific grounds, also showing that low effort occurred over a very large marine surface area (1% of the effort explored ca. 20000 km2 of marine space). The allowed areas (in green) and no-take areas (in red) for bottom-contacting gears corresponding to a cut of 30% or 50% in fishing effort starting from the peripheral fishing ground cells. In this illustration, the cut has been applied per Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) separately. Grey levels give the bathymetry extracted from gebco.net. The text labels correspond to the International Council for the Exploration of the Seas (ICES) for Baltic subdivision area naming (www.ices.dk). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-the-simulated-relative-benthos-state-32u98t4v.png Figure 2. Evolution of the simulated relative benthos state for two longevity groupings a) longevity class 1-3 years, and b) class 3-10 years. The Relative Benthic Status RBS is standardised between 0 and the proportional value under undisturbed conditions from the initial state as estimated from an equilibrium state based on the fishing intensities in 2016, to the start of the fifth simulated year in DISPLACE, which are coloured per scenario and averaged over the International Council for the Exploration of the Seas (ICES) areas (22, 24, 25, 26, IIIa). Each solid line gives an average of 10 replicates per scenario, and the 95% CI is provided. The suite of tested scenarios contrasts with the baseline situation, in which no restriction applies, against a gradient of options given as a marine surface area percentage that is applied per national Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) for restricting access to bottom-contact fishing gears. The restricted area starts from the marginal cells, which are ordered from the lowest to highest fishing efforts observed to minimise the effect on the fisheries by displacing the least amount of effort. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-types-of-scenarios-tested-in-the-21lzd5de.png Table 2. Description of types of scenarios tested in the current Baltic Sea-wide DISPLACE application https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-stress-level-of-fishing-harbour-communities-at-the-1ya06ker.png Figure 7. Stress level of fishing harbour communities at the 5-year horizon time for selected scenarios expressed as the proportion of simulated vessels with a change in income from landings that are classified into 4 categories (< -25%, -25-0%, 0-25%, and > 25%) compared to the simulated baseline situation. The size of the circles gives the total landing income per harbour that accumulated over the 5-year period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-aggregated-scenario-outcomes-10-80at51u6.png Figure 6. Comparison of aggregated scenario outcomes (10 replicates per scenario) on the vessel performance indicators for vessels with passive gears (left panel) and towed gears (right panel) involved in the Baltic fisheries. The percentages are relative to the baseline condition for the fishing effort (F. effort), steaming effort (S. effort), number of trips (Nb. of trips), trip duration, catch per unit effort (CPUE at fishing), total landings for each considered stock (Tot land. Species), net present value (NPV) with a 4% annual discount rate in Gross Value Added (GVA), value per unit fuel (VPUF), and income inequality computed based on the Hoover index. The baseline is given by the “focus on high-profit grounds” scenario, including the GoFishing and stopFishing decision trees designed to imitate the daily trip pattern (Supplementary Materials SM2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relative-benthic-status-rbs-for-the-total-community-2o4zomc6.png Figure 3. Relative Benthic Status (RBS) for the total community and per ICES area in the final simulated year for the baseline and one selected scenario, a, e, i, and m: impact score (equivalent to 1- RBS) along with the increasing Swept Area Ratio (SAR); b, f, j, and n: decreasing relative benthic status RBS and increasing proportion of total surface computed on the x-axis. The selected scenario is the one that applies a fishing peripheral cut of 50% to fishing efforts and displaces these efforts starting from the peripheral low effort areas. The impact score or the RBS are given for the baseline (black points) and the scenario (grey points), and the scenario points are displayed with the same grid cell order as the one given by the baseline along the x-axis. The averaged RBS is weighted by the proportion of the biomass for each longevity group found in the grid cells. Graphics c, d, g, h, k, l o, and p: mapping the RBS in grid cells of 0.05 degrees. https://scispace.com/papers/reducing-industrial-energy-costs-through-energy-efficiency-30i6pncz6m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-annual-energy-and-electricity-use-in-relation-to-2yewq7lm.png Fig. 3. Annual energy and electricity use in relation to annual tons of good castings [annual production] in six Swedish iron and steel foundries, including the foundry under study [16]. The calculations have been conducted by dividing an enterprise’s annual energy and annual electricity use with annual tons of good casting. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-annual-energy-balance-for-the-foundry-under-study-2003-1hnalzym.png Fig. 2. Annual energy balance for the foundry under study [2003]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-energy-efficiency-measures-for-the-foundry-under-3t6i94sh.png Table 3: Energy efficiency measures for the foundry under study resulting from the industrial energy audit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-foundry-sectors-average-use-of-electricity-in-relation-1n8gtajq.png Fig. 1. Foundry sector’s average use of electricity in relation to the total energy use [%] and electricity prices for 1- 9 GWh and 9-50 GWh enterprises in some European countries [6, 9-11]. For the Netherlands, too few observations were made in order to state a figure for enterprises using 9-50 GWh annually [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-production-data-for-six-swedish-iron-and-steel-3mzvufwu.png Table 1: Production data for six Swedish iron and steel foundries [16]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-analysed-foundrys-annual-energy-costs-and-annual-2ktm47eu.png Fig. 4. The analysed foundry’s annual energy costs and annual energy use for the 6 considered scenarios. Base A uses present electricity prices and no undertaken energy efficiency measures, Case 1A uses future electricity prices and no undertaken energy efficiency measures and Case 2A uses future electricity prices and undertaken energy efficiency measures. Base B uses present electricity prices and no undertaken energy efficiency measures, Case 1A uses future electricity prices and no undertaken energy efficiency measures and Case 2A uses future electricity prices and undertaken energy efficiency measures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-future-and-present-electricity-prices-and-energy-vdoj8jul.png Table 2: Future and present electricity prices and energy prices used in the computer calculations [electricity prices include network and power charges]. https://scispace.com/papers/reducing-malaria-burden-and-accelerating-elimination-with-56fhs8o6ie 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-impact-of-long-lasting-systemic-insecticides-combined-2lh5erw4.png Fig. 2 Impact of long-lasting systemic insecticides combined with on burden reduction in the Sahel. Reduction in total clinical cases is shown in comparison to a standard SMC-only campaign. Coverage is assumed to be the same for both SMC and systemic insecticide MDA. All age groups are eligible to receive systemic insecticides. a–c Impact of systemic insecticides distributed concurrently with the second, third, and fourth round, respectively, of SMC. d Impact of systemic insecticides distributed concurrently with each of the four SMC rounds https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-long-lasting-systemic-insecticides-can-complement-pre-1c0sy786.png Fig. 4 Long-lasting systemic insecticides can complement pre-existing effective vector control in Southern Africa elimination scenarios. a Timing of interventions, compared to seasonal vector density profile. Elimination is defined as zero infected individuals at the end of year 4. b–f Fraction of simulations, out of 100 stochastic realizations, that achieve elimination, for a given vector control and MDA package, with no restrictions on systemic insecticide eligibility. Coverage of ITN and IRS, when implemented, is 60%. b–e Solid lines: DP included in MDA. Dashed lines: MDA with systemic insecticide alone. f Solid lines: no restrictions on systemic insecticide eligibility. Dashed lines: children under 5 and women of childbearing age ineligible for systemic insecticides https://scispace.com/papers/reducing-monocarboxylate-transporter-mct1-worsens-2l3dbyx3k9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-impact-of-mct1-deficiency-on-nerve-conductions-and-1d434zvh.png Figure 3. Impact of MCT1 deficiency on nerve conductions and nociceptive behaviors after diabetes induction. Sensory (A) and motor (C) nerve conduction velocities and SNAP (B) and CMAP (D) amplitudes in Het MCT1-null mice and control littermates before and after STZ administration. Mean ± SEM, n = 7–15 per group, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; two‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test. CMAP, compound muscle action potential; NCV, nerve conduction velocity; SNAP, sensory nerve action potential. Paw withdrawal frequency to mechanical stimulation by calibrated von Frey monofilaments of forces 0.07 g (E) and 0.45 g (F) and paw withdrawal latency (G) to thermal stimulation by radiant paw‐heating assay in Het MCT1-null mice and control littermates before and after STZ administration. Current set at baseline level: 20%, 10–12 s; cut off time; 30 s. Mean ± SEM, n = 6–13 per group, *p < 0.05; **p <0 .01; ***p <0 .001; ****p <0 .0001, two‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test. (H) IENFD obtained from the footpads of control or diabetic mice at 10 weeks after STZ administration following immunohistochemical staining for PGP9.5. Mean ± SEM, n = 4–7 per group, ns = not significant, two‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test. IENFD, intraepidermal nerve fiber density https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-blood-glucose-levels-and-body-weight-pre-and-post-29ygwqo0.png Figure 2. Blood glucose levels and body weight pre- and post-STZ treatment. Blood glucose levels (A) and body weight (B) were measure before and 3 days after STZ administration. Both groups of mice showed identical extent of hyperglycemia and body weight pre- and post-STZ treatment. Mean ± SEM, n = 6–8 per group, ns = not significant, two‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impact-of-reduced-mct1-on-sural-nerve-myelination-hcwees6v.png Figure 4. Impact of reduced MCT1 on sural nerve myelination and integrity in diabetes. (A) Light microscope photomicrographs of toluidine blue‐stained sections of sural nerves from Het MCT1-null mice and control littermates after 10 weeks of STZ treatment. These images were analyzed for g ratio (B), scatter plot graph displaying g ratio (y‐axis) in relation to axon diameter (x‐axis) of individual fiber (C), myelin thickness (D), and myelinated axon counts (E). Mean ± SEM, n = 3 per group, **p < 0.01; ***p < .001; ns = not significant, unpaired t test. Scale bar, 20 μm. The g ratio between wild‐type (blue line) and Het MCT1-null (red line) mice (C) was significantly different (p < 0.0001; t = 30.75, df = 3,177, unpaired t test). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-expression-of-mct1-in-sciatic-nerve-and-drg-of-1t5gqyct.png Figure 1. Expression of MCT1 in sciatic nerve and DRG of diabetic mice. The relative expression of MCT1 mRNA in sciatic nerve (A) and DRG (B) after 2 and 6 weeks of STZ treatment. Levels of mRNA expression are depicted as fold change compared with wild‐type mice normalized to their corresponding GAPDH mRNA levels. Mean ± SEM, n = 3–5 per group, *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001; ns = not significant, one‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test. https://scispace.com/papers/reducing-organizational-politics-in-performance-appraisal-48cm5f4q91 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-and-bivariate-correlations-1w27y086.png Table 2. Descriptive statistics and bivariate correlations https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hlm-models-3bdupmqt.png Table 3. HLM Models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-moderating-effect-of-age-in-the-relationship-15wsrs1o.png Figure 2. Moderating effect of age in the relationship between coaching leadership style and perceived OPPA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-theoretical-model-3b8sn9j1.png Figure 1. Theoretical model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-goodness-of-fit-indices-of-7t62qtc0.png Table 1 Comparison of the Goodness-of-Fit Indices of alternative models for the structure of the Coaching Leadership Style scale https://scispace.com/papers/reducing-narcissistic-aggression-by-buttressing-self-esteem-1r9z6ifdkd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-hierarchical-linear-modeling-analyses-1gjl2djd.png TABLE 1 Results of Hierarchical Linear Modeling Analyses https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-results-of-the-analysis-testing-the-intervention-36h6ukqj.png Fig. 1. Results of the analysis testing the intervention effect after one school week. The graph shows the aggression levels of students with low (1 SD below the mean) and high (1 SD above the mean) narcissism and low (1 SD below the mean) and high (1 SD above the mean) concurrent state self-esteem, separately for the self-affirmation and the no-affirmation (control) conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/reducing-phenotypic-and-genotypic-instabilities-of-microbial-1sn38dn6g7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-population-dynamics-in-function-of-the-automated-140yfo35.png Figure 3: Population dynamics in function of the automated addition of glucose/arabinose pulses. Mean GFP copies per cells and Fano factor (ratio between the variance and the mean of GFP distribution) have been computed based on the GFP positive fraction only. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-design-of-a-population-control-strategy-based-on-3m2y5y7i.png Figure 2: A Design of a population control strategy based on cell phenotypic switching dynamics and on the bimodal GFP distribution. B Adjustment of arabinose pulsing based on the phenotypic switching ability of cells. In this case, a low threshold has been selected (loose control procedure). C Adjustment of glucose and arabinose pulsing based on the phenotypic switching ability of cells. In this case a high threshold has been selected (tight control procedure). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-time-course-of-a-the-mean-gfp-copies-cell-and-b-the-x5qfoday.png Figure 6: Time course of A the mean GFP copies/cell and B the cell density during segregostat experiment depicted in Figure 5. C phase plane analysis of the oscillations between cell density and GFP content during segregostat experiment. Limit cycle is highlighted in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-sketch-of-the-chemostat-set-up-used-for-the-ykitnx4c.png Figure 1: A Sketch of the chemostat set-up used for the glucose-arabinose co-feeding experiments. B Flow cytometry monitoring (x-axis: forward scatter signal; y-axis: green fluorescence signal accounting for the accumulation of GFP inside cells) of a chemostat with glucose-arabinose cofeeding (dilution rate 0.5 h-1; ration glucose-arabinose 5:1). C Evolution of the GFP positive cell fraction and D the mean GFP copies/cell https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-evolution-of-residual-glucose-and-arabinose-2qnkojwx.png Figure 7: A Evolution of residual glucose ( ) and arabinose ( ) concentrations for the segregostat cultivation performed based on tight control procedure (experimental settings displayed in Figure 2C). Dashed lines correspond to the arabinose pulsing phases. Results were expressed as the mean of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-population-dynamics-in-function-of-the-automated-3dj20pjk.png Figure 5: Population dynamics in function of the automated addition of arabinose pulses. Mean GFP copies per cells and Fano factor (ratio between the variance and the mean of GFP distribution) have been computed based on the GFP positive fraction only. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-analysis-of-the-cell-switching-dynamics-during-36ul1fig.png Figure 4: Analysis of the cell switching dynamics during segregostat experiment described in Figure 3. A Comparison of the experimental switching data for the transition from the low to the high state with a Poisson process. B Comparison of the experimental switching data for the relaxation from the high to the low state with two Poisson processes. https://scispace.com/papers/reducing-procrastination-while-improving-performance-a-wiki-3nw93ntssy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lists-of-tasks-1jexatnr.png Table 2. Lists of tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ratio-of-students-getting-each-grade-in-each-lab-1cwsx3wv.png Figure 4. Ratio of students getting each grade in each lab session https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-wam-view-of-work-completion-2dbkvm5n.png Figure 3. WAM view of work completion https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-time-management-control-vs-experimental-groups-2ulh8iiw.png Table 3. Time Management: Control vs Experimental groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-configuration-of-the-groups-in-wam-3e5rwd7w.png Figure 1. Configuration of the groups in WAM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-students-attendance-and-engagement-during-the-lab-3ihg9wyz.png Figure 2. Students attendance and engagement during the lab sessions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-learning-outcomes-lo-3dqzae7g.png Table 1. Learning outcomes (LO). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-difference-of-ratio-of-students-getting-each-grade-2qiqjyur.png Figure 5. Difference of ratio of students getting each grade in coursework https://scispace.com/papers/reducing-sequence-risk-using-trend-following-and-the-cape-3ie1zlcqwv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2z31kmoq.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-y6w4ttvr.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-32r62cet.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/reducing-signaling-overhead-for-femtocell-macrocell-networks-3po7kbjbt3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-timing-diagrams-for-ms-movement-and-call-3f2ify5h.png Fig. 2. The timing diagrams for MS movement and call activities https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-effects-of-fixed-and-exponential-td-on-r-td-and-r-8455cum3.png Fig. 5. The effects of fixed and exponential td on r(td) and ρ(td) (ηm = 25λ, vm = 1/η2m, vf = 100/η 2 f ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-validation-of-the-simulation-and-analysis-results-thpvdhm7.png TABLE 2 Validation of the simulation and analysis results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-the-femtocell-macrocell-network-451szchj.png Fig. 1. An example of the femtocell/macrocell network architecture https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-between-the-3gpp-algorithms-and-the-dr-3hzhq624.png TABLE 1 Comparison between the 3GPP algorithms and the DR algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-effects-of-ef-on-r-td-and-r-td-em-25l-vm-1-e2m-vf-3bt5mc7j.png Fig. 3. The effects of ηf on r(td) and ρ(td) (ηm = 25λ, vm = 1/η2m, vf = 100/η 2 f ) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-effects-of-vf-on-r-td-and-r-td-em-25l-ef-100l-vm-1-m2t82142.png Fig. 4. The effects of vf on r(td) and ρ(td) (ηm = 25λ, ηf = 100λ, vm = 1/η2m) https://scispace.com/papers/reducing-the-attractiveness-of-chemical-plants-to-terrorist-1ng0uki63o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-white-rhino-lies-immobilized-with-both-its-horns-1bb5h8hr.png Figure 2. A White Rhino lies immobilized with both its horns removed and with its eyes carefully covered and its ears protected (Photo: Peter Chadwick, African Conservation Photographer) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-land-use-planning-to-reduce-public-exposure-to-1x3ovwdt.png Figure 1. Land use planning to reduce public exposure to major accidents. https://scispace.com/papers/reducing-the-health-effect-of-natural-hazards-in-bangladesh-39tuxa49ud 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-major-learning-and-examples-of-innovations-in-fl-ood-26wauf8k.png Table 4: Major learning and examples of innovations in fl ood management https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-and-responses-to-fl-oods-versus-2vyhvd1f.png Table 2: Characteristics and responses to fl oods versus cyclones https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-major-learning-and-innovations-in-cyclone-management-19cmna39.png Table 3: Major learning and innovations in cyclone management https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notable-events-in-the-history-of-bangladesh-2z9ckfap.png Table 1: Notable events in the history of Bangladesh https://scispace.com/papers/reducing-the-impact-of-source-brightness-fluctuations-on-4gwtgvimhx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-raw-dc-interferogram-iraw-with-14-solar-intensity-2chglng7.png Fig. 1. (a) Raw DC interferogram, Iraw, with 14% solar intensity variation; (b) smoothed, low-pass signal, Ismooth; (c) corresponding reweighted interferogram, Icorr. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-retrieval-errors-from-spectra-distorted-by-nongray-134zaidt.png Table 1. Retrieval Errors [%] from Spectra Distorted by Nongray SBF https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-center-burst-of-raw-interferogram-b-low-pass-signal-bswc8tyi.png Fig. 6. (a) Center burst of raw interferogram. (b) Low-pass signal resulting from a filter with s 3000 cm 1. The observed dip at ZPD is likely due to detector nonlinearity. (c) Low-pass interferogram resulting from filter with s 300 cm 1. The dip at ZPD has been smoothed away in lowering the frequency cutoff. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spectrum-distorted-with-nongray-interference-of-238ky8oe.png Fig. 5. Spectrum distorted with nongray interference of optical depth ranging from 0.0 (original spectrum) to 1.25 at 15,750 cm 1 (panel A). The spectra are inverse Fourier transformed to yield the interferograms in panel B. We interpolate between these interferograms to generate the interferogram in panel C, which exhibits spectrally and temporally dependent attenuation compared with the original interferogram. The attenuated interferogram is reweighted using the DC correction to yield the interferogram in panel D. We then transform each interferogram to yield the control spectrum in panel E and the reweighted spectrum in panel F. Although the spectra in E and F appear identical, the line depths in the uncorrected spectrum (E) are more shallow than those in panel F. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-series-of-the-oxygen-mixing-ratio-retrieved-from-1ub4c1dm.png Fig. 4. Time series of the oxygen mixing ratio retrieved from spectra at Darwin, Australia. Prior to November 2005, AC data acquisition was used. Plotted here are data obtained between 20° and 70° solar zenith angles. Only spectra obtained with relative solar variation less than 20% are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-percent-difference-between-co2-retrievals-from-spectra-1d3xzqqe.png Fig. 3. Percent difference between CO2 retrievals from spectra obtained from reweighted and control interferograms with solar intensity variation less than 3%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-between-co2-retrievals-from-reweighted-dark-2pcaffye.png Fig. 2. Comparison between CO2 retrievals from reweighted (dark circles) and the raw control (light squares) spectra as a function of relative solar intensity variation during a 90 s scan. The lower panel zooms in on relative solar intensity variation below 10%. https://scispace.com/papers/reducing-urban-road-transportation-externalities-road-4ko2ds0uiy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-jfjpdra6.png Table 1 Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-selected-road-pricing-schemes-1ywa7npt.png Table 1 Continued https://scispace.com/papers/reducing-the-tcp-acknowledgment-frequency-gvkxamifgr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-study-of-dal2-and-ae-23hd9mho.png Figure 4: A study of DAL2 and AE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-simulation-topology-used-to-study-flow-f84ytfnb.png Figure 5: The simulation topology used to study flow multiplexing and varying bandwidths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-average-throughput-normalized-by-the-expected-25f3of1k.png Figure 6: Average throughput normalized by the expected throughput of a flow sharing the capacity fairly with the other flows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-percentage-of-segments-dropped-rocqhf8j.png Figure 7: The percentage of segments dropped. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-throughput-as-a-function-of-the-buffer-size-for-1ev8zddy.png Figure 8: The throughput as a function of the buffer size for different acknowledgment strategies and a bottleneck of 1 Mbps. The throughput is computed over a simulation of 50 s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-fairness-between-ae-and-dal2-with-drop-tail-buffer-344lknh4.png Figure 10: Fairness between AE and DAL2 with drop-tail buffer management and a 15 Mbps bottleneck. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-total-bit-rate-generated-by-the-acknowledgment-26a17bim.png Figure 9: The total bit rate generated by the acknowledgment traffic for all flows during a simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-potential-of-different-acknowledgment-8jkhbwf4.png Figure 1: The potential of different acknowledgment strategies to reduce the acknowledgment bit rate requirement. The window is the TCP send window. https://scispace.com/papers/reducing-within-group-overconfidence-through-group-identity-140gapyj5y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ols-regression-results-for-relative-and-absolute-25m06kce.png Table 4: OLS regression results for relative and absolute within-group overconfidence, standard errors in parentheses. Significance levels: *** - p < 0.01, ** - p < 0.05, * - p < 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-overconfidence-levels-by-treatment-and-overall-28gy9e7b.png Table 3: Mean overconfidence levels by treatment and overall, with standard errors in parentheses. Significance levels: *** - p < 0.01, ** - p < 0.05, * - p < 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-distribution-of-guessed-within-group-ranks-by-wwps8zfq.png Table 5: The distribution of guessed within-group ranks, by treatment and overall. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-experimental-treatments-sessions-and-3ge497z7.png Table 1: Summary of experimental treatments, sessions and tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-for-variables-5deyg5gf.png Table 2: Summary statistics for variables. https://scispace.com/papers/reducing-volcanic-risk-on-fogo-volcano-cape-verde-through-a-26oz4elqas 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-multifactor-targets-for-a-young-women-with-children-3b43tg9a.png Figure 6. Multifactor targets for(a) young women with children and(b) guides (from FGDs, July 2010). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-map-of-cape-verde-and-b-scheme-of-fogo-volcano-2bo0v1ey.png Figure 1. (a)Map of Cape Verde, and(b) scheme of Fogo Volcano (modified from Day et al., 1999; Day and Amelung, 2002, p. 3; Da Silva et al., 1999). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-historical-activity-of-fogo-volcano-source-torres-320df51q.png Figure 2. Historical activity of Fogo Volcano (source: Torres et al., 1997; Da Silva et al., 1999). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-main-steps-of-the-p3dm-methodology-2s5sezc9.png Figure 7. Main steps of the P3DM methodology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-villages-of-portela-and-bangaeira-situated-within-m1nr0m5t.png Figure 4. (a) Villages of Portela and Bangaeira situated within the caldera and the Fogo Natural Park, a very narrow space to develop livelihoods (b) general photography taken from the Pico, J. R. Cadag; zoom on the two villages taken from Monte Amarello, P. Texier, April 2011). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-timeline-2wponodc.png Figure 3. Timeline. https://scispace.com/papers/reductase-domain-of-drosophila-melanogaster-nitric-oxide-52tcmse407 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effect-of-cam-on-the-kinetics-of-nadph-dependent-3k8ghjvm.png FIGURE 7: Effect of CaM on the kinetics of NADPH-dependent flavin reduction in dNOSr. Stopped flow traces were collected at 457 nm after rapidly mixing 7µM oxidized dNOSr with excess NADPH under anaerobic conditions at 10°C. The traces shown are an average of 6 to 7 individual scans and are representative of two independent experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-phylogenetic-tree-for-nos-family-members-multiple-2b47h0ca.png FIGURE 1: Phylogenetic tree for NOS family members. Multiple sequence alignment was performed with ClustalX (ftp://ftpigbmc. ustrasbg.fr/pub/ClustalX/) using default parameters and by drawing a tree based on exclusion of gaps, and with correction for multiple substitutions. Plots were prepared using NJPlot, taking theLymnea stagnalis(T31080) NOS as an outgroup, and then formatted as a rootless tree using Treeview (Page, R. (1996) University of Glasgow). Major NOS groups are shaded. Full-length sequences were aligned for nNOS:Oryctolagus cuniculus(AAB68663),H. sapiens(P29475),Rattus norVegicus(P29476), andMus musculus (JN0609); eNOS: CaVia porcellus (AAD29753), M. musculus (S71424), H. sapiens(A47501), Bos taurus (A38943), Canis familiaris (AAD5216); iNOS: Cyprinus carpio (CAB60197), Gallus gallus (Q90703), Rattus norVegicus (BAA020), Canis familiaris (AAC7863), andH. sapiens(A49676). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rates-of-pre-steady-state-cytochromec-reduction-by-xo87dvar.png Table 3: Rates of Pre-Steady-State Cytochromec Reduction by dNOSra https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-kinetics-of-cytochromec-reduction-by-excess-reduced-2m7cqfdh.png FIGURE 9: Kinetics of cytochromec reduction by excess reduced dNOSr. Enzyme was photoreduced under anaerobic conditions in the presence or absence of NADPH and CaM as indicated and then was rapidly mixed at 10°C in a stopped flow spectrophotometer with a sub-stoichiometric amount of cytochromec. Absorbance was recorded at 550 nm. Each trace is the average of 6-8 individual reactions, and the data are representative of two independent experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ca2-concentration-dependence-for-cam-binding-to-3tf4nj9j.png FIGURE 4: Ca2+ concentration dependence for CaM binding to dNOSr. Cytochromec reductase activity of dNOSr was measured at room temperature in the presence of CaM and at the indicated free Ca2+ concentrations. Data points are the mean of three measures and are representative of two trials. https://scispace.com/papers/reduction-in-cerebral-blood-flow-in-areas-appearing-as-white-3jadr31egl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-group-cbf-displayed-as-a-function-of-the-1md1gnbm.png Fig. 3. Mean group CBF displayed as a function of the frequency (i.e., number of subjects) in which voxels are labeled as WMH. Each circle represents a single voxel. For example, a single circle in frequency=5 represents the total groupmean CBF for a voxel that is labeled as WMH in five subjects. Note subtle decline in group mean CBF across frequency (red dot) and marked decrease in variability, suggesting that areas with consistently lower CBF are most likely to be WMH across individuals. The number of voxels included for each frequency, 1 through 15, respectively, are 12109, 3811, 1796, 1125, 795, 608, 482, 377, 269, 212, 114, 58, 32, 10, and 4. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-voxels-labeled-aswmh-in-at-least-5-subjects-in-blue-3iyw7hgo.png Fig. 2. Voxels labeled asWMH in at least 5 subjects (in blue) superimposed on the mean CBF image derived by the average of all subjects' CASL images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-differences-in-casl-determined-blood-flow-in-grey-3alfwunu.png Fig. 1. Mean differences in CASL-determined blood flow in grey matter regions, in normal appearing white matter (NAWM), and in areas with white matter hyperintensities (WMH). Error bars are standard deviations. All pairwise comparisons are statistically significant (Pb0.001). https://scispace.com/papers/reduction-in-colposcopy-workload-and-associated-clinical-4pk3i8ktxv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-participant-demographics-between-47901vxl.png Table 1: Comparison of participant demographics between groups."Vaccinated" women refer to women who had 365 received 2 or more doses of the HPV vaccination. *Group 1 includes 3 women who reported they had received the HPV 366 vaccine. ±All cases where biopsy was not taken were because colposcopic appearances were normal. 367 368 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-predictive-values-of-colposcopy-for-detecting-high-ey9ah0j5.png Table 3: Predictive values of colposcopy for detecting high grade disease where histology results were considered "gold 381 standard" and the test was colposcopic opinion. This has been done to compare predictive values between vaccinated 382 and unvaccinated participants and between participants who are HPV 16 positive and negative. 383 384 385 386 387 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-compares-the-features-seen-at-colposcopy-between-all-3cslh1r7.png Table 2 compares the features seen at colposcopy between all participants regardless of disease status who were 371 vaccinated against HPV 16 and 18, and women who were not. It also compares the colposcopic opinion and histology 372 results between these groups. In patients where biopsies were not taken, they were considered to have no 373 disease.*Pearson’s test used unless otherwise indicated. †Fisher’s exact test used. **in 100 cases, iodine was not used. 374 This was for a variety of reasons including patient allergy or colposcopist preference. ***High grade colposcopic opinion 375 was appearance suggestive of CIN2+. ****Histology results were “unsatisfactory” for 5 unvaccinated and 1 vaccinated 376 therefore were excluded from histology analysis. 377 378 https://scispace.com/papers/reduction-of-a-stochastic-model-of-gene-expression-4uusay6dqh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-between-the-average-on-100-simulated-2ageb8ak.png Figure 2: Comparison between the average on 100 simulated trajectories with ε = 1/7 (2a) and ε = 1/30 (2b) and the trajectories generated by the deterministic system (2c) for a single pathway network: gene 1 −→ gene 2 −→ gene 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-the-two-states-model-of-gene-expression-28-30-32qxsyis.png Figure 14: The two-states model of gene expression [28], [30]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-between-the-two-methods-for-obtaining-2i9cvh66.png Figure 10: Comparison between the two methods for obtaining estimators of the stationary distributions on the basins: µb (10a) and µz (10b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-9a-comparison-between-the-probabilities-7-between-1z19hc1x.png Figure 9: 9a: Comparison between the probabilities (7) between the basins Z+− and Z−−, in logarithmic scale, given by the Large deviations approximation (in red) and the AMS algorithm (in green). The prefactor is computed for ε = 8 and the red curve is then adjusted to fit the numerical results. The blue curve corresponds to the probabilities obtained with a MonteCarlo method. 9b: Comparison between the transition rates between the basins Z+− and Z−−, in logarithmic scale, given by the formula (9), where the probability (7) is given by the Large deviations approximation (in red) and the AMS algorithm (in green). The blue curve corresponds to the transition rates obtained with a Monte-Carlo method, by the formula (6). The quantities obtained by a Monte-Carlo method, in blue, are not represented after ε = 1/8 because the transition rates become too small to be efficiently computed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-saddle-point-algorithm-between-two-attractors-the-3pecjc1w.png Figure 15: Saddle-point algorithm between two attractors. The color map corresponds to the Lagrangian function associated to the fluctuation trajectories. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-weak-noise-approximate-model-the-markov-chain-on-3suqappr.png Figure 12: Weak noise approximate model. The Markov chain on the set of basins Z is here illustrated by the one corresponding to the toggle-switch network of Figure 3a. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3a-phase-portrait-of-the-deterministic-3sy6ak1j.png Figure 3: 3a: Phase portrait of the deterministic approximation for a symmetric toggle-switch with strong inhibition: two genes which activate themselves and inhibit each other. 3b: Example of a stochastic trajectory generated by the toggle-switch, for ε = 1/7. 3c: Example of a stochastic trajectory generated by the toggle-switch, for ε = 1/30. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-6a-100-cells-are-plotted-under-the-stationary-1bdb4xyr.png Figure 6: 6a: 100 cells are plotted under the stationary distribution. The relaxation trajectories allow to link every cell to its associated attractor. 6b: 1000 cells are plotted under the stationary distribution. They are then classified depending on their attractor, and this figure sketches the kernel density estimation of proteins within each basin. 6c: The ratio of cells that are found within each basin gives an estimation of the stationary distribution on the basins. https://scispace.com/papers/reduction-in-nausea-and-vomiting-in-children-undergoing-1aow8qghg5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-post-hoc-tests-of-the-occurrence-severity-and-3k4dsdxp.png Table 1. Post-Hoc Tests of the Occurrence, Severity, and Duration of Nausea and Vomiting https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-duration-a-and-severity-b-d-of-nausea-sc-standard-care-1fduq9iu.png FIG. 4. Duration (A) and severity (B–D) of nausea. SC, standard care; AAP, auricular acupressure acupoints; SAP, sham auricular acupoints. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-post-hoc-tests-of-medication-use-15wqufus.png Table 2. Post-Hoc Tests of Medication Use https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-duration-a-and-severity-b-d-of-vomiting-sc-standard-1uv8ekmv.png FIG. 5. Duration (A) and severity (B–D) of vomiting. SC, standard care; AAP, auricular acupressure acupoints; SAP, sham auricular acupoints. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-medication-use-a-and-effects-b-c-to-prevent-treat-335oit8w.png FIG. 6. Medication use (A) and effects (B, C) to prevent/ treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. SC, standard care; AAP, auricular acupressure acupoints; SAP, sham auricular acupoints. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-c-medication-used-for-patients-to-prevent-treat-3634fzqe.png FIG. 7. (A–C) Medication used for patients to prevent/ treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. SC, standard care; AAP, auricular acupressure acupoints; SAP, sham auricular acupoints. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-auricular-acupoints-for-chemotherapy-induced-nausea-3to2doss.png FIG. 1. Auricular acupoints for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-occurrence-of-nausea-a-and-vomiting-b-after-vwmxkm5x.png FIG. 3. Occurrence of nausea (A) and vomiting (B) after chemotherapy was administered. SC, standard care; AAP, auricular acupressure acupoints; SAP, sham auricular acupoints. https://scispace.com/papers/reduction-of-constraints-applicability-of-the-homogeneity-1ogby0l8q0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-log-nl-b-g-l-versus-gp-based-on-measured-3khs5igl.png Figure 8. log NL [B] (g/L) Versus ∆GP (based on measured composition) for all RC Glasses (quenched and CLC). https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-property-predictions-for-the-rc-glasses-2moqylqd.png Table VII. Property Predictions for the RC Glasses https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-oxide-compositions-of-wcp-batch-1-and-cels-uranium-1yx2nhfu.png Table III. Oxide Compositions of WCP Batch 1 and CELS Uranium Standard Glasses (wt%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-al2o3-wt-versus-sm2o-wt-for-the-glasses-used-to-ki3o0884.png Figure 1. Al2O3 (wt%) versus ΣM2O (wt%) for the Glasses Used to Define the Discriminator and the Tank 42 Variability Study Glasses. (from Edwards and Brown [1998] where the ΣM2O = Na2O + Li2O + Cs2O + K2O wt%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-reduction-of-constraints-rc-target-glass-3qgxwhd1.png Table I. Reduction of Constraints (RC) Target Glass Compositions (wt%). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-icp-blocks-for-cation-concentration-measurements-for-l5d5917m.png Table 5: ICP Blocks for Cation Concentration Measurements For Samples Prepared Using Lithium Metaborate Method https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-compositions-of-glasses-for-phase-1-of-the-reduction-3k0pxcuh.png TABLE 2. COMPOSITIONS OF GLASSES FOR PHASE 1 OF THE REDUCTION OF CONSTRAINTS TASK https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sum-of-alkalis-and-property-predictions-for-phase-1-3b6tegwe.png TABLE 3: SUM OF ALKALIS AND PROPERTY PREDICTIONS FOR PHASE 1 GLASSES https://scispace.com/papers/reduction-of-compound-lotteries-with-objective-probabilities-576kp1u66x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-estimates-of-source-dependent-rdu-and-eut-models-2u7dfqe1.png Table 8: Estimates of Source-Dependent RDU and EUT Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-design-1f0dsrbn.png Table 1: Experimental Design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-choices-over-compound-and-actuarially-equivalent-1bo4nyqp.png Figure 3: Choices Over Compound and Actuarially-Equivalent Lotteries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-battery-of-40-lotteries-pairs-1ajofjey.png Figure 1: Battery of 40 Lotteries Pairs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tree-representation-of-a-compound-lottery-and-2sciv2f1.png Figure 2: Tree Representation of a Compound Lottery and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-distribution-of-parameter-estimates-from-the-rdu-3c9pntes.png Figure 6: Distribution of Parameter Estimates from the RDU Specification https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cochran-q-test-on-the-actuarially-equivalent-2837nn2a.png Table 4: Cochran Q Test on the Actuarially-Equivalent https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-binomial-probability-tests-on-actuarially-equivalent-1skstmx6.png Table 3: Binomial Probability Tests on Actuarially-Equivalent Lottery vs. Compound Lottery Pairs https://scispace.com/papers/reduction-of-cybersickness-during-and-immediately-following-1fsfqfaokb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-adaptation-effects-plotted-as-post-minus-pre-12q849gy.png Fig. 2 Adaptation effects (plotted as post minus pre adaptation FMS scores) over FMS 238 repetitions for groups who experienced (a) the intense VR content, and (b) the moderate VR 239 content. Error bars are standard errors 240 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fms-scores-by-stimulation-group-across-repetitions-in-23lblht4.png Fig. 3 FMS scores by stimulation group across repetitions in the three phases of the experiment 269 for groups who experienced (a) the intense VR content, and (b) the moderate VR content. Error 270 bars are standard errors 271 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-gvs-electrode-affixed-at-right-mastoid-process-of-2cop1gkz.png Fig. 1 a) GVS electrode affixed at right mastoid process of the participant. b) Illustration of the 149 participant during the VR portion of the study. c) Screenshot from moderate VR content. d) 150 Screenshot from intense VR content 151 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-symptomatology-derived-from-the-ssq-across-groups-2wwcf1rt.png Table 1. Symptomatology Derived from the SSQ across Groups and Conditions . 279 https://scispace.com/papers/reduction-of-haloacetic-acids-in-natural-surface-water-by-vsegxsejpd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-feed-water-characteristics-3vzt647e.png Table 1: Feed water characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-doc-removal-efficiency-with-single-or-combined-1ct17kft.png Fig. 5. DOC removal efficiency (%) with single or combined treatment with PAC coagulant, nanofiltration and ultrafiltration membranes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-concentration-of-the-different-haafp-detected-for-3ae9pdws.png Fig. 7. Concentration of the different HAAFP detected for original water and water undergoing a single treatment (membrane filtration or coagulation). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-single-treatment-on-doc-removal-efficiency-2hsi6c19.png Fig. 3. Effect of single treatment on DOC removal efficiency (%). Aluminiun sulphate coagulant (SO4), FeCl3/polyaluminium chloride (PAC). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-stream-diagram-of-the-experimental-process-a-z95mwtjo.png Fig. 2. Schematic stream diagram of the experimental process. A coagulant tank; B Coagulation tank; C Sedimentation tank: D supernatant tank; E pump; F membrane https://scispace.com/papers/reduction-of-penstock-fatigue-in-a-medium-head-hydropower-1xpml6gc08 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relative-cumulative-damage-index-along-the-penstock-3mk3gfpv.png Fig. 5. Relative cumulative damage index along the penstock with reference to the case without filtering after fatigue-aware and low-pass filter action https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-reservoir-penstock-and-turbine-a-and-equivalent-13pup42g.png Fig. 4. Reservoir, penstock, and turbine (a) and equivalent electric circuit (b) considering a one-element penstock model [21]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-s-n-curves-of-steel-for-different-welding-constructive-2v8fjneq.png Fig. 1. S-N curves of steel for different welding constructive details [18]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-the-fatigue-aware-filter-on-the-stress-at-10h0zqe3.png Fig. 3. Effect of the fatigue-aware filter on the stress at the penstock element closest to the turbine. The maximum allowed level of stress variations, chosen considering the effective fatigue limit of the penstock, is set to 11 MPa. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fatigue-aware-filter-the-frequency-deviation-f-i-e-3koyn8i8.png Fig. 2. Fatigue-aware filter. The frequency deviation ∆f (i.e., frequency setpoint minus the measured frequency) is used to compute guide vane position y and head H in the penstock’s most fatigue-critical element. The filtered head is reconverted to ∆f∗ by applying the inverse modeling toolchain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulation-results-of-active-power-time-evolution-3tz03f4j.png Fig. 8. Simulation results of active power time evolution resulting from PFR test case with frequency drop of ∆f = −200 mHz and permanent speed droop Bs = 4% https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-water-hammer-heads-and-discharges-at-downstream-valve-k1a0zblj.png Fig. 6. Water hammer: heads and discharges at downstream valve resulting from a sudden closure of the valve at t=1 s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-francis-turbines-step-response-heads-discharges-and-1njycheg.png Fig. 7. Francis turbine’s step response: heads, discharges and mechanical torques resulting from a guide vane step of 0.1 p.u. at t=2.5 s. https://scispace.com/papers/reduction-of-nickel-oxide-particles-by-hydrogen-studied-in-ncxio73uu3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ni-nucleation-on-nio-observed-using-etem-at-370-c-in-1-3emkfa4o.png Fig. 4 Ni nucleation on NiO observed using ETEM at 370 C in 1.3 mbar of H2, showing a nucleation on the whole surface and b an HRTEM image of the nucleation stage, alongside FFT and inverse FFT (pseudo-dark-field) images (coloured, with the HRTEM image added as a background). The inset illustrates the angular misfit observed between the NiO 111 and Ni 111 reflections in the FFT https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-kinetic-triplets-avrami-model-activation-energy-1mj7ycvm.png Table 2 Kinetic triplets (Avrami model, activation energy, preexponential factor) used to fit the measured a-T curves for heating rates of 2, 4 and 7 C/min, obtained using I(L3)/I(L2) ratios (with polynomial fits) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-and-temperature-parameters-used-to-approximate-n0fqg1uk.png Fig. 1 Time and temperature parameters used to approximate constant heating rates. A set of measurements (involving the acquisition of an image, a diffraction pattern and an EEL spectrum) was performed at each step. The red dot indicates when a Ni electron energy-loss reference spectrum was acquired (see text for details) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ni-o-evolution-at-416-c-in-1-3-mbar-of-h2-into-an-1ay315go.png Fig. 5 Ni(O) evolution at 416 C in 1.3 mbar of H2 into an inhomogeneous structure. Interfaces change as a function of time, as indicated by arrows https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-stem-haadf-image-sequence-of-a-ni-o-agglomerate-of-1vfvseda.png Fig. 6 STEM HAADF image sequence of a Ni(O) agglomerate of grains recorded at different temperatures in 1.3 mbar of H2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-conversion-fraction-a-obtained-from-i-l3-i-l2-ratios-3f249a8r.png Fig. 11 Conversion fraction a obtained from I(L3)/I(L2) ratios and MLLS fitting, plotted as a function of temperature for the three different heating rate experiments. For clarity, error bars are not shown. Fits to the data obtained using Eq. 7 are superimposed onto the measured values https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-fits-of-a-t-curves-measured-for-heating-rates-of-2-4-8qivp27n.png Fig. 12 Fits of a-T curves measured for heating rates of 2, 4 and 7 C/min obtained using I(L3)/I(L2) ratios (with polynomial fits) with Avrami A2, A3 and A4 models https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-model-for-nio-reduction-and-subsequent-ni-1z2ng98y.png Fig. 13 Model for NiO reduction and subsequent Ni densification based on the present results https://scispace.com/papers/reduction-of-stray-losses-in-flange-bolt-regions-of-large-2nsx5redb5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-taxonomy-of-the-reviewed-optimal-dg-placement-models-1rdl4p2n.png TABLE I TAXONOMY OF THE REVIEWED OPTIMAL DG PLACEMENT MODELS https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-contribution-of-the-reviewed-optimal-dg-placement-f059dyky.png TABLE II CONTRIBUTION OF THE REVIEWED OPTIMAL DG PLACEMENT WORKS https://scispace.com/papers/reduction-of-the-size-of-l-fuzzy-contexts-a-tool-for-2czj9bqub9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relation-of-the-l-fuzzy-context-a-reduced-by-cx6r7ttz.png Table 4. Relation of the L-fuzzy context α-reduced by attributes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-connected-components-of-the-graph-3oute3ka.png Figure 2. Connected components of the graph https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relation-of-the-l-fuzzy-context-8hp5a4fj.png Table 1. Relation of the L-fuzzy context https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-support-of-the-attributes-ordered-from-highest-to-hlb2mum2.png Table 2. Support of the attributes ordered from highest to lowest https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graph-obtained-from-the-sets-of-a-attributes-q1-cyj-1r3w539a.png Figure 1. Graph obtained from the sets of α-attributes Q1(Cyj ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relation-of-the-l-fuzzy-context-puh8ccjq.png Table 3. Relation of the L-fuzzy context https://scispace.com/papers/reduction-of-the-space-charge-field-in-photorefractive-78th5dums0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fractional-intensity-modulation-measured-with-the-32q8nijk.png Figure 5. Fractional intensity modulation measured with the GaP sample under ac(crosses) and dc-field (squares). Both curves were fitted simultaneously using the reduction factor for the space charge field of 0.28. Grating spacing of 3.6 m and modulation index m(0) = 0.1 for dc-field and m(0) = 0.4 for ac-field were used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-wave-mixing-set-up-used-in-the-measurements-24dwnu83.png Figure 1. Two-wave mixing set-up used in the measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fractional-intensity-modulation-measured-with-the-31703gjr.png Figure 4. Fractional intensity modulation measured with the PSM technique in the BTO sample. The same set of parameters as in Figures 2,3 (including the reduction factor of 0.56) was used for fitting with the numerical solution of Eq.1 shown by solid lines. Grating spacing of 2 m (squares), 6 m (crosses) and 12 m (circles) were used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-wave-mixing-gain-as-a-function-of-the-applied-2865hgbd.png Figure 3. Two-wave mixing gain as a function of the applied field for the BTO sample (circles). Solid line is the theoretical dependence of Eq.10 calculated with Neff = 4.6 1016 cm-3 and = 7.6 10-13 m2/V. The reduction factor of 0.56 was introduced to EK given by Eq.10. The grating spacing of 4 m and the modulation index m(0) = 0.1 were used in the measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-space-charge-field-amplitude-as-a-function-of-the-2q7hkv92.png Figure 7. Space-charge-field amplitude as a function of the applied field for BTO at = 4 µm (curves a and b) and for GaP at = 3.6 µm (curves c and d). Solid lines correspond to the non-local grating recording under ac-field and dashed lines - to the local recording under dc-field. All the data were obtained with the input intensity modulation index m(0) = 0.1. For better presentation the scale of the dependences for GaP is five times smaller (the right-hand scale). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-the-numerical-solution-of-the-coupled-2jvx6cgv.png Figure 6. Comparison of the numerical solution of the coupled wave equations with analytical expression for direct phase demodulation (curves a and b) and PSMtechnique (curves c and d). All calculations were executed for BTO crystal at = 2 µm with m(0) = 0.1 using the material parameters listed in the Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-used-in-the-calculations-and-obtained-25ql7glw.png Table 1. Parameters used in the calculations and obtained from phase demodulation measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-measured-phase-demodulation-signal-using-dc-field-dbxl94bi.png Figure 2. Measured phase demodulation signal using dc-field recording with BTO sample at the grating of 2 m (squares), 6 m (crosses) and 12 m (circles). The solid lines are theoretical curves calculated using Eq.1 with EK given by Eq.11 but with the reduction factor of 0.56. For clearer presentation the scale of the dependence at 6 m is different (right-hand side). https://scispace.com/papers/reductions-to-graph-isomorphism-2zu0wiiiyq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-components-caa-b-and-c-a-a-b-1ztvvdun.png Figure 1: The components CAa,b and C A a,b. https://scispace.com/papers/reduction-on-high-level-radioactive-waste-volume-and-4vxa4vgkzz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-calculated-specifications-of-vitrified-waste-for-17iylarl.png Table 8 Calculated specifications of vitrified waste for each reactor type https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-criticality-changes-in-repository-2sq414qv.png Fig. 8 Criticality changes in repository https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-major-specifications-of-gthtr300-2sbim4k7.png Table 1 Major specifications of GTHTR300 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-decay-heat-per-bun-up-of-major-actinoid-nuclides-at-3mtnlvp8.png Table 5 Decay heat per bun-up of major actinoid nuclides at 54 years from discharge (W/GWd) https://scispace.com/papers/reduction-of-vibration-transmission-in-string-trimmers-1fe7d30lse 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-baseline-frequency-domain-plots-of-acceleration-2facu1cr.png Fig. 6 Baseline frequency domain plots of acceleration components taken by the fixed accelerometer (SN 2988) for for the (a) unthrottled and (b) throttled conditions using the Homelite string trimmer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-grip-area-of-the-homelite-string-trimmer-jgoece2m.png Fig. 7 The grip area of the Homelite string trimmer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-quarter-inch-studded-material-is-glued-directly-to-the-ysj26zis.png Fig. 8 Quarter-inch studded material is glued directly to the shaft of the Homelite trimmer (left), and then covered with a very thin layer of rubber to facilitate the accelerometer (right). To increase operator comfort, studded material was also installed on the throttle actuator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-shindaiwa-top-and-homelite-bottom-string-33txditx.png Fig. 2 Schematic of Shindaiwa (top) and Homelite (bottom) string trimmers used in this study. [5,6] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-performance-of-various-grips-under-unthrottled-engine-2glbe84q.png Fig. 10 Performance of various grips under unthrottled engine conditions (weighted) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-performance-of-various-grips-under-unthrottled-engine-fwkilva9.png Fig. 9 Performance of various grips under unthrottled engine conditions (unweighted) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-studded-rubber-mats-used-as-wraps-in-the-attenuation-2ra6am3v.png Fig. 3 Studded rubber mats used as wraps in the attenuation tests. The studs on the bottom mat were 0.25 in long, the studs on the top mat were 0.50 inch long. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-performance-of-various-grips-under-throttled-engine-3v2ur9zt.png Fig. 11 Performance of various grips under throttled engine conditions (unweighted) https://scispace.com/papers/redundant-border-routers-for-mission-critical-6lowpan-2zfzq9alcx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-border-router-in-a-typical-ipv6-6lowpan-environment-gy1knu3p.png Fig. 1: Border Router in a typical IPv6-6LoWPAN environment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-of-propagation-of-new-prefix-vs-hop-count-30n02in4.png Fig. 3: Time of propagation of new prefix vs. hop count https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-routing-level-aggregation-each-br-is-a-rpl-root-2saqeiwm.png Fig. 2: Left: Routing level aggregation, each BR is a RPL Root with its own DODAG. Right: RPL level aggregation, the RPL Root runs on the backbone. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mobile-node-trials-the-success-rate-and-unreachability-in91q3vh.png Fig. 4: Mobile node trials. The success rate and unreachability duration is independent of whether or not the other nodes of the network update their link metrics with periodic unicasts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-br-outage-trials-the-success-rate-and-unreachability-13mxdfsw.png Fig. 5: BR outage trials. The success rate and unreachability delay are improved when all elements of the network accelerate their ETX updates as they emit periodic UDP messages. https://scispace.com/papers/redundant-variables-and-granger-causality-5898n32c1f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-partitions-of-electrodes-maximizing-see-the-text-2w5o6nzc.png FIG. 3. The partitions of electrodes maximizing see the text . Left: the optimal partition for Basal and Sham conditions. Right: the optimal partition in presence of TMS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-concerning-the-system-of-nine-oscillators-described-in-3hn9vk10.png FIG. 2. Concerning the system of nine oscillators described in the next, we depict the sum of the causalities between every pair of subsets see the text corresponding to the partitions 1,2,3 4,5,6 7,8,9 empty circles and 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 stars . Causalities are estimated over 5000 samples for each value of K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-fraction-f-of-times-that-the-x-and-y-are-x6k1rs90.png FIG. 1. The fraction f of times that the x and y are recognized as redundant for the variable z see the text , versus the number of samples N. f is evaluated over 106 repetitions. https://scispace.com/papers/reengineering-the-knowledge-component-of-a-data-warehouse-2ubbg0uvy3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-pdgii-diagnosis-system-structure-and-its-three-2qgeniex.png Figure 3. The PDGII diagnosis system structure and its three-level expertise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-pdgii-system-architecture-1hu2p61b.png Figure 1. The PDGII system architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-expertise-general-to-every-diagnosis-system-25enqr2g.png Figure 2. The expertise general to every diagnosis system appears on the left-hand side, and the expertise specific to each diagnosis system on the right-hand side. https://scispace.com/papers/reevaluation-of-the-use-of-photoelectron-angular-132d62mc1d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-photoelectron-spectra-following-the-excitation-of-the-3vg1qinu.png FIG. 1. Photoelectron spectra following the excitation of the S1 origin transition in PDFB at 271 nm. Six different wavelengths of ionizing light were used as labeled on each spectrum. The energy in excess of the PDFB ionization potential corresponding to the actual wavelengths used is 446 cm 1 (108 meV), 1463 cm 1 (285 meV), 3950 cm 1 (919 meV), respectively. Each spectrum has been scaled so that the peak corresponding to the ground vibrational state of the ion has the same intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-normalized-20-and-40-parameters-taken-from-the-fit-gkpjoxpc.png FIG. 3. The normalized 20 and 40 parameters taken from the fit shown in Fig. 2 as a function of photoelectron kinetic energy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-polar-plots-of-photoelectron-intensity-as-a-function-jfvivgxu.png FIG. 2. Polar plots of photoelectron intensity as a function of ejection angle for the vibrational ground state of the ion. The distributions were measured with parallel excitation and ionization polarizations at six ionization wavelengths as in Fig. 1, (a) 266 nm, (b) 263 nm, (c) 259 nm, (d) 253 nm, (e) 244 nm, and (f) 225 nm. The experimental data are shown as points with error bars. The solid line is a fit to the function I ; P https://scispace.com/papers/reentry-thermal-testing-of-light-weight-radioisotope-heater-2tdl3246x7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-dimensions-mm-of-lwrhu-capsules-135clsat.png Table V. Dimensions (mm) of LWRHU Capsules https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-release-integral-and-diffusion-constant-calculated-15cym69s.png Table III. Release Integral and Diffusion Constant Calculated for Reentry of LWRHU 027 as a Function of Time and Reciprocal Temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-plot-of-log-d-vs-the-reciprocal-temperature-determined-35yk4jfz.png Fig. 4. Plot of log D' vs the reciprocal temperature determined from analysis of RHU 027. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-a-light-weight-radioisotopic-heater-unit-16lkjrhb.png Fig. 1. Schematic of a Light Weight Radioisotopic Heater Unit (LWRHU). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-slopes-and-intercepts-of-log-d-vs-l-t-plots-for-low-1algyw2u.png Table IV. Slopes and Intercepts of Log D' vs l/T Plots for Low- and HighTemperature Regions. Corresponding Activation Energies, Es, and Constants of Diffusion, D'0, are Also Listed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-apparatus-tor-study-of-helium-release-from-3u44w3qd.png Fig. 2. Apparatus Tor study of helium release from radioisotopic heater units. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-temperatures-and-leak-rates-measured-during-exposure-1phzt4wr.png Table I. Temperatures and Leak Rates Measured During Exposure of RHU 004 to a Thermal Reentry Pulse. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-dependence-of-helium-release-and-temperature-in-2flxxwq9.png Fig. 3. Time dependence of helium release and temperature in reentry simulation of RHU 027. https://scispace.com/papers/reexamination-of-tropical-cyclone-wind-pressure-1ly6db13a1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-statistics-of-the-individual-composites-15rblu96.png TABLE 1. Mean statistics of the individual composites. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistics-associated-with-eq-7-using-the-observed-1vpq248t.png TABLE 2. Statistics associated with Eq. (7) using the observed environmental pressure (Penv), Eq. (16) using the climatological environmental pressure (Pclim) from the sample, and the Atlantic Dvorak, Koba et al. (1990), AH, Love and Murphy (1985), and Crane WPRs. Bias and error statistics that are statistically different than those produced by Eq. (7) are shown in italics for the 95% and boldface for the 99% levels, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-top-scatter-diagram-of-the-independently-predicted-zn1s0au5.png FIG. 14. (top) Scatter diagram of the independently predicted values of Vmax using Eq. (8) (black boxes) and the Dvorak WPR (crosses) vs observed values of MSLP from the operational best track. (bottom) A similar scatter diagram for Eq. (7) (black boxes) and the Dvorak WPR (crosses) vs observed MSLP. Best linear fits for Eqs. (8) and (7) are shown with a solid black line in each respective panel with the associated variance explained at the bottom right. Best linear fits for the Dvorak WPR are shown by the gray dashed lines with the associated variance explained in the upper left. Sample includes 524 cases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-scatterplots-of-a-mslp-vs-vmax-and-b-p-vs-vmax-fig-6-2a6j8uhi.png FIG. 5. Scatterplots of (a) MSLP vs Vmax and (b) P vs Vmax. FIG. 6. Scatterplots of (a) P vs Vmax and (b) P vs Vsrm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-dependent-results-of-a-eq-7-for-predicting-mslp-2uliltjf.png FIG. 12. The dependent results of (a) Eq. (7) for predicting MSLP given Vmax and (b) Eq. (8) for estimating Vmax given MSLP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-independent-comparison-of-results-obtained-from-eqs-thver6q8.png TABLE 4. Independent comparison of results obtained from Eqs. (7) and (8) vs the operational Dvorak tables. Data include 491 fixes from 12 Atlantic tropical cyclones and 1 eastern Pacific tropical cyclone during the 2005 season. Bias and error statistics that are statistically different are shown in italics for the 95%, and boldface for the 99% levels, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-plots-of-p-vs-vsrm-for-the-two-intensity-trend-based-22jn3sib.png FIG. 10. Plots of P vs Vsrm for the two intensity trend-based composites. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-statistics-r2-bias-rmse-and-mae-associated-with-eq-8-3mmju5il.png TABLE 3. Statistics (R2, bias, RMSE, and MAE) associated with Eq. (8) using the observed environmental pressure (Penv), Eq. (8) using the climatological environmental pressure (Pclim) from each regional subsample along with the appropriate Landsea et al. (2004) regional WPRs utilizing a reference pressure either equal to 1013 or Penv. Bias and error statistics that are statistically different than those produced by Eq. (8) are shown in italics for the 95% and boldface for the 99% levels, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/reexamining-the-consumption-wealth-relationship-the-role-of-48rll48uei 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-using-uniform-prior-over-space-of-all-models-cemprids.png Table 2: Results using Uniform prior over Space of All Models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-posterior-of-share-of-forecast-error-variance-in-1fjzj541.png Figure 3: Posterior of Share of Forecast Error Variance in Wealth Due to Permanent Component (for the model speci cation of Lettau and Ludvigson - LL). The solid line shows the pdf for the LL speci cation averaged over models with and without weak exogeneity. The dashed line shows the pdf for the model without weak exogeneity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summarizes-the-posterior-properties-of-the-variance-37xvb4hy.png Table 4 summarizes the posterior properties of the variance decomposition. We present the posterior mean and median (two commonly-used point estimates) as well as two measures of the dispersion of the posterior. These are a 50% Highest Posterior Density Interval (HPDI) which is de ned as the shortest interval containing 50% of the posterior probability and an interquartile range (IQR): the 25th and 75th percentiles of the posterior.14 At rst glance, the reader may nd the numbers in this table confusing. After all, for well-behaved distributions like the Normal, the mean and the median are the same and the 50% HPDI and the interquartile range should be as well. Clearly they are not. In fact, the HPDIs are often discontinuous, made up of two or more disjoint intervals. This property is due to the fact that BMA involves averaging di¤erent distributions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-using-uniform-prior-over-models-consistent-3c174uwl.png Table 3: Results using Uniform prior over Models Consistent with Economic Theory https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-posterior-of-share-of-forecast-error-variance-in-6yr2ajtm.png Figure 1: Posterior of Share of Forecast Error Variance in Wealth Due to Permanent Component (averaged across all models). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-posterior-of-share-of-forecast-error-variance-in-1jqapzz4.png Figure 2: Posterior of Share of Forecast Error Variance in Wealth Due to Permanent Component (averaged across models consistent with economic theory). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-variance-decompositions-models-consistent-with-2e34e7ns.png Table 5: Variance Decompositions Models Consistent with Theory Share of Forecast Error Due to Permanent Component https://scispace.com/papers/reference-intervals-of-spot-urine-copper-excretion-in-xtvhkces56 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-391-distribution-of-spot-urine-copper-excretion-in-2yg069rn.png Table 1: 391 Distribution of spot urine copper excretion in preschool children between 3 and 10 years old 392 (N=153). CVg stands for inter-individual variation in controls. Urine Copper to osmolality has the 393 lowest CVg and the proposed cut-off values 0.00085 µmol/mOsm represented the mean + 2.5 SD 394 value. 395 https://scispace.com/papers/reference-intervals-for-transthoracic-echocardiography-in-2rekpwbsxz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-b-scatter-plots-showing-measured-m-mode-lvdd-and-12ayydnx.png FIG 3 A&B. Scatter plots showing measured M-mode LVDd and LVDs, with 95% prediction intervals (dashed lines) using an allometric scaling method (Cornell et al. 2004). 356x240mm (72 x 72 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1a-1b-scatter-plots-showing-regression-to-the-mean-of-36nyq8q9.png FIG 1A & 1B. Scatter plots showing regression to the mean of measured dimensions with equal distribution of data points above and below the horizontal line at 0, and a right-to-left downward sloping trend line. 357x246mm (72 x 72 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-doppler-echocardiographic-values-in-39-healthy-adult-1oq5y4ok.png Table 3. Doppler echocardiographic values in 39 healthy adult English Springer Spaniels Mensural Median Min-Max Trimmed range Lower RI (90% CI) Upper RI (90% CI) AoVMAX m/s 1.45 1.1 – 1.8 1.14 – 1.79 1.05 (0.98 – 1.14) 1.87 (1.78 – 1.95) LV PEP ms 72 47 – 95 51 - 93 48.3 (42.9 – 53.7) 95 (89.7 – 100) LV ET ms 160 124 – 198 139 - 186 133 (125 – 140) 187 (179 – 194) LV PEP:ET 0.43 0.32 – 0.65 0.33 – 0.63 0.31 (0.29 – 0.33) 0.66 (0.6 – 0.73) PAVMAX m/s 0.84 0.55 – 1.4 0.58 – 1.17 0.57 (0.52 – 0.62) 1.29 (1.14 – 1.44) MV E m/s 0.69 0.39 – 0.98 0.48 – 0.96 0.44 (0.38 – 0.5) 0.97 (0.9 – 1.04) MV A m/s 0.64 0.38 – 0.91 0.42 – 0.89 0.36 (0.32 – 0.42) 0.96 (0.89 – 1.03) MV E:A 1.14 0.51 – 1.65 0.64 – 1.62 0.45 (0.3 – 0.63) 1.78 (1.66 – 1.89) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-simple-linear-regression-analysis-of-linear-2nlbwkc1.png Table 4. Simple linear regression analysis of linear echocardiographic variables in healthy English Springer Spaniels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-b-scatter-plots-showing-measured-m-mode-lvdd-and-2jqqtjmr.png FIG 3 A&B. Scatter plots showing measured M-mode LVDd and LVDs, with 95% prediction intervals (dashed lines) using an allometric scaling method (Cornell et al. 2004). 356x240mm (72 x 72 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-two-dimensional-echocardiographic-values-in-39-ch4o16ez.png Table 1. Two-dimensional echocardiographic values in 39 healthy adult English Springer Spaniels https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-of-left-ventricular-ejection-fractions-in-163317r1.png Table 6. Comparison of left ventricular ejection fractions in five different breeds of dog. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1a-1b-scatter-plots-showing-regression-to-the-mean-of-1db3g08c.png FIG 1A & 1B. Scatter plots showing regression to the mean of measured dimensions with equal distribution of data points above and below the horizontal line at 0, and a right-to-left downward sloping trend line. 357x246mm (72 x 72 DPI) https://scispace.com/papers/reference-1d-and-2d-electrophoresis-maps-for-potential-50cxpbzo28 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-protein-bands-spots-identified-by-lc-esi-ms-ms-in-1-2rkey82c.png Table 3 Protein bands/spots identified by LC/ESI-MS/MS in 1-DE and 2-DE gels performed with milk whey samples from lactating buffaloes, showing NCBI data generated using mascot engine search. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-list-of-blood-serum-and-milk-whey-proteins-1bzysbid.png Table 4 List of blood serum and milk whey proteins identified by 1-DE or 2-DE or by both techniques (1-DE and 2-DE) and that are disposed in the Venn diagram (Fig. 4). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-from-lactating-buffaloes-n-10-and-buffalo-1xyu10i0.png Table 1 Parameters from lactating buffaloes (n= 10) and buffalo calves (n=6) that were selected and distributed among the experimental groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-859fta2d.png Table 3 Protein bands/spots identified by LC/ESI-MS/MS in 1-DE and 2-DE gels performed with milk whey samples from lactating buffaloes, showing NCBI data generated using mascot engine search. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-into-three-different-protein-classes-app-fy4frv2u.png Fig. 3. Distribution into three different protein classes (APP, defence/immunity and others), of 38 proteins identified in buffalo calves blood serum 1-DE (A), of 30 proteins identified in lactating buffaloes milk whey 1-DE (B), of 30 proteins identified in buffalo calves blood serum 2-DE (C) and of 28 proteins identified in lactating buffaloes milk whey 2-DE (D). Also, distribution of 35 different proteins identified in buffalo calves blood serum considering 1-DE+2-DE (E) and of 40 different proteins identified in lactating buffaloes milk whey considering 1-DE+2-DE (F). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-expanded-1-de-and-2-de-maps-right-side-from-healthy-m1-39b946ux.png Fig. 6. Expanded 1-DE and 2-DE maps (right side) from healthy (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) and mastitic (M6, M7, M8, M9, M10) milk whey samples showing alterations in intensity of spots (103,104) and band (76) identified as Ig Light Chain, and that were differentially expressed during mastitis as showed in grafics (left side: Panel 1.1, 3.1, 3.2). Expanded 2-DE maps from healthy (M1 to M5) and mastitic (M6 to M10) milk whey samples showing alterations in intensity of spots (108,109) and bands (79,80) identified as β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin, respectively, that were differentially expressed during mastitis as showed in grafics (left side: Panel 2.1, 2.2, 4.1, 4.2). * statistically significant (p < 0.05). The displayed area corresponds to box A and B in Fig. 2.Information on bands/spots ID are in Table 2. ANV=Average Normalized Volume×106. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-expanded-1-de-and-2-de-maps-of-blood-serum-right-side-19ywv4vp.png Fig. 5. Expanded 1-DE and 2-DE maps of blood serum (right side) from a healthy (S1M0) and 72 h post-inoculation (PI) S. Dublin infected buffalo calve (S1M1) showing alterations in intensity of spots (39,40) and band (14) identified as haptoglobin, and that were differentially expressed during salmonellosis as showed in grafics (left side: 1.1, 2.1). Expanded 2-DE maps from a healthy (S2M0) and 72 h post-inoculation S. Dublin infected buffalo calve (S2M1) showing alterations in intensity of spots (38,45) and band (18) identified as haptoglobin, that was differentially expressed during salmonellosis as showed in grafics (left side: Panel 1.2, 2.2). Panel 3 shows haptoglobin average concentrations, measured by hemoglobin binding method, comparing healthy (n=3, M0) and 72 h post-inoculation S. Dublin infected buffalo calves (n=3, M1). * statistically significant (p < 0.05). The displayed area corresponds to box B and C in Fig. 1. Informations on bands/ spots ID are in Table 1. ANV=Average Normalized Volume×106. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-buffalo-calve-blood-serum-1-de-reference-map-1lf4vl1x.png Fig. 1. Buffalo calve blood serum 1-DE reference map, represented by a healthy (S3M0) and a S. Dublin infected (S3M1) animal, separated by SDS-PAGE (4–15%T precast polyacrylamide gel, 13.3×8.7 cm) and stained with Coomassie brilliant blue, showing the identification of 19 bands (numbers 1–19). Buffalo calve blood serum 2-DE reference map, represented by healthy (S1M0, S4M0) and S. Dublin infected (S1M1, S2M1) animals, separated by first dimension IEF (11 cm, pH 3–10 nonlinear IPG strip) followed by second dimension SDS-PAGE (4–15%T precast polyacrylamide gel, 13.3×8.7 cm) and stained with Coomassie brilliant blue, showing the identification of 38 spots (numbers 20–57). Bands and spots indicated numerically were excised and components were identified by LC/ESI-MS/MS following in-gel tryptic digestion. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/reference-materials-rms-for-analysis-of-the-human-factor-ii-5apxe9nq0v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-concentrations-measured-by-the-picogreen-method-and-ycrl3whz.png Table 1 Concentrations measured by the PicoGreen method and copy numbers of the stocks of plasmids pIRMM-0001 (wild-type) and pIRMM-0002 (containing the G20210A mutation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reference-sequence-of-the-prothrombin-gene-fragment-30wifjdy.png Figure 2 Reference sequence of the prothrombin gene fragment chosen (nt 26302–26910, GenBank accession number M17262) with the positions of primers and probes used by different testing laboratories. The sequence of the wild-type gene fragment inserted fully corresponds to the reference sequence represented by bold characters with position numbers at the beginning of the lines. The G20210A mutation (position nt 26784) is indicated by a capital G. The A™G variation at nt 26628 found in the mutated fragment has not been described previously. The position of this mutation is marked by a capital A. It is linked to the G20210A mutation in the selected DNA. Primers and probes used by the testing laboratories are positioned at their annealing sites and marked with the abbreviations used in Table 2. Mismatching nucleotides of PCR primers are underlined. PCR-RFLP methods published use HindIII digestion for mutation detection following the introduction of a restriction site in the presence of mutation by mutagenic primers. This potential restriction site is highlighted in grey. The prothrombin gene contains another HindIII restriction site close to the G20210A mutation, which can be used as an internal control for HindIII digestion (13). This site is double-underlined. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-methods-used-in-the-testing-laboratories-for-33elhr4z.png Table 2 Methods used in the testing laboratories for determination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-plasmid-pirmm-0001-pirmm-0001-and-pirmm-0002-2030rz0y.png Figure 1 Map of plasmid pIRMM-0001. pIRMM-0001 and pIRMM-0002 are pUC18 plasmids containing the EcoRI fragment of the factor II gene insert from plasmid pCR2.1. The factor II mutation G20210A is located at position 491. Plasmid pIRMM-0001 contains G at the position corresponding to the wild-type sequence; pIRMM-0002 reads A at the same locus, representing the G20210A mutation. https://scispace.com/papers/reference-models-for-supply-chain-design-and-configuration-48oj1kc7kc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-enterprise-internal-processes-here-level-2-and-the-2ivnlhff.png Figure 6: Enterprise Internal Processes (here: level 2) and the Integrated Visualization of their Support by the SPW Platform Functionalities Within the SPIDER-WIN SCM Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-functionalities-and-span-of-a-reference-model-for-3cig68k4.png Figure 1: Functionalities and Span of a Reference Model for Supply Chain Design and Configuration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fluid-win-supply-chain-model-including-financial-1j8s6tjd.png Figure 7: FLUID-WIN Supply Chain Model Including Financial and Logistic Service Providers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mission-project-concept-for-the-integration-of-1msleyyn.png Figure 2: MISSION Project Concept for the Integration of Distributed Modeling and Simulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overview-of-the-reference-model-objects-application-u2q72ai3.png Figure 3: Overview of the Reference Model Objects (Application Templates, Modules, Exchange Objects)—Based on the MISSION Project https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-development-path-of-the-spider-win-scm-model-2stmmi36.png Figure 4: Development Path of the SPIDER-WIN SCM Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spider-win-scm-model-components-and-structure-30vrtgrg.png Figure 5: SPIDER-WIN SCM Model Components and Structure https://scispace.com/papers/reference-quality-assembly-of-the-3-5-gb-genome-of-capsicum-nry3z65x94 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-mapping-reference-utility-of-four-xbjm05ui.png Table 2 Comparison of mapping reference utility of four pepper assemblies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-size-distribution-of-phase-blocks-in-supernova-2mh1nfgl.png Fig. 1 Size distribution of phase blocks in Supernova pseudohap outputs. Frequency of sizes of all phase blocks in the UCD10X assembly is plotted https://scispace.com/papers/reference-values-for-vastus-lateralis-fiber-size-and-type-in-33qgf1ogks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multivariate-regression-analysis-for-type-i-fiber-3a09wylk.png Table 4. Multivariate regression analysis for type I fiber proportion https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multivariate-regression-analysis-for-fiber-csa-1j4g7lvs.png Table 3. Multivariate regression analysis for fiber CSA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relationships-between-vastus-lateralis-fiber-type-i-13mbp2vj.png Fig. 4. Relationships between vastus lateralis fiber type I proportion and age (in years) (A); body mass index (in kg/m2) (B), and V̇O2 peak (in ml·kg·min) (C). Circle sizes represent group sizes. Solid lines represent the weighted linear regression lines (if statistically significant only). Bold circles appear in cases of two overlying identical data sets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inclusion-criteria-for-the-systematic-review-wb7may0p.png Table 1. Inclusion criteria for the systematic review https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-prisma-flowchart-of-the-studies-enrolled-for-yg6zz80w.png Fig. 1. PRISMA flowchart of the studies enrolled for systematic review. *Presence of a noninclusion criterion on the basis of title and abstract of the record. **Duplicates identified in the full-text article (population being part of a previous study). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fiber-csa-and-type-i-proportion-in-the-included-2wp8qlu8.png Table 2. Fiber CSA and type I proportion in the included studies https://scispace.com/papers/referent-status-neglect-winners-evaluate-themselves-lceb0lcpxr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sample-feedback-protocol-38pnspwj.png Table 2. Sample feedback protocol. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-feedback-conditions-and-sample-sizes-3vi8er1p.png Table 1. Feedback conditions and sample sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-target-evaluations-as-a-function-of-social-comparison-3v1jad89.png Fig. 1. Target-evaluations as a function of social comparison (downward, upward) and referent status (above average, no average, below average). Error bars are ± 1 SEM. https://scispace.com/papers/refined-neutron-star-mass-determinations-for-six-eclipsing-x-1tqhglrcy7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-analytic-neutron-star-massesa-10qjkfwj.png Table 3. Analytic Neutron Star Massesa https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-resulting-probability-distributions-histograms-from-1j29pdo5.png Fig. 1.— Resulting probability distributions (histograms) from Monte Carlo simulations using the analytic method for all six systems as a function of neutron star mass. We assume that any filling factor 0.9 ≤ β ≤ 1.0 is equally likely. The mean value ±1σ is given above each peak. All input parameters for these distributions are given in Tables 1 and 2. We note that our mass for Cen X-3 agree very well with that found by van der Meer et al. (2007), and the masses for SMC X-1 and LMC X-4 also agree exactly when the values of θe given in van der Meer et al. (2007) are used. We assume e = 0 for 4U 1538-52. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-representation-in-sky-coordinates-of-a-system-1zuo0hz2.png Fig. 5.— Representation in sky coordinates of a system resembling Cen X-3. The Roche lobe filling factor is β = 0.9, the inclination is i = 76.35◦, and the orbital phase is φ = 34◦. The rotation axis of the companion star and the angular momentum vector of the orbit are parallel to the y-axis. The red circle denotes a sphere with the same volume as the companion star. The dot near the “10 o’clock” position marks where the neutron star is located at this phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-same-as-in-figure-3-except-here-the-roche-lobe-3eqpnpe5.png Fig. 4.— The same as in Figure 3, except here the Roche lobe filling factor is β = 0.9. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-derived-system-parameters-2yycshir.png Table 4. Derived System Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-optical-bvi-light-curves-and-radial-velocity-curves-2ntybv3q.png Fig. 9.— Optical BVI light curves and radial velocity curves for 4U 1538-52. The solid lines represent the best fit ELC model, which includes an accretion disk around the neutron star. The dotted lines depict the model with the light from the accretion disk subtracted for comparison. The left column shows a model with e = 0.174 ± 0.015 and the right column shows a model for e = 0. The eccentric orbit model has a lower overall χ2 = 808 (versus χ2 = 818 for the circular orbit), but as discussed in Section 4.2 there is no single physical solution for an eccentric orbit and a sufficiently long eclipse duration. All data are phased relative to the time of X-ray eclipse. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-optical-light-curves-for-four-systems-the-solid-lines-m1tjbaji.png Fig. 8.— Optical light curves for four systems. The solid lines represent the best fit ELC model for each system, all of which include an accretion disk around the neutron star. The dotted lines depict the models with the light from the accretion disk subtracted for comparison. The light curves for Vela X-1, SMC X-1, and Cen X-3 are all V-band data (Pojmansky 2002; Priedhorsky & Holt 1987; van Paradijs et al. 1983), while the curve for LMC X-4 is B-band data (Ilovaisky et al. 1984). All data are phased relative to the time of X-ray eclipse. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-input-parameters-ka1j9b0p.png Table 1. Input Parameters https://scispace.com/papers/referential-and-lexical-factors-in-alignment-variation-of-32uk0r0ypk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-alignment-of-3rd-person-p-t-g-indexing-in-yakima-1npf3p5f.png Table 13: Alignment of 3rd person P/T/G indexing in Yakima Sahaptin, with trivalent verb class 1 (‘give’) and bivalent verb class II. https://scispace.com/figures/table-29-alignment-of-1st-person-p-t-g-indexing-in-yakima-1kbiz47u.png Table 29: Alignment of 1st person P/T/G indexing in Yakima Sahaptin, trivalent verb class 5 (derived causative) and bivalent verb class I. https://scispace.com/figures/table-30-alignment-of-1st-person-p-t-g-indexing-in-yakima-1vdqs218.png Table 30: Alignment of 1st person P/T/G indexing in Yakima Sahaptin, trivalent verb class 5 (derived causative) and bivalent verb class II https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-alignment-of-1st-person-p-t-g-flagging-in-yakima-dit4r9fk.png Table 17: Alignment of 1st person P/T/G flagging in Yakima Sahaptin, with trivalent verb class 1 (‘give’) and bivalent verb class II. https://scispace.com/figures/table-18-alignment-of-2nd-person-p-t-g-flagging-in-yakima-f5xl08qa.png Table 18: Alignment of 2nd person P/T/G flagging in Yakima Sahaptin, with trivalent verb class 1 (‘give’) and bivalent verb class II. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-p-coding-with-araki-bivalent-verbs-2lsp0cii.png Table 1: Overview of P coding with Araki bivalent verbs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-t-g-coding-compared-to-p-coding-with-1ii5mpik.png Table 2: Overview of T/G-coding (compared to P-coding) with Araki trivalent verbs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-alignment-of-1st-person-p-t-g-indexing-in-yakima-3gco6boi.png Table 8: Alignment of 1st person P/T/G indexing in Yakima Sahaptin, with trivalent verb class 1 (‘give’) and bivalent verb class I. https://scispace.com/papers/refining-operational-logics-55opdke2u4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fi-een-key-operational-logics-1gnz92vm.png Figure 1: Fi een key operational logics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hypothesized-structure-of-the-rst-few-rooms-of-the-2gxadvcw.png Figure 4: Hypothesized structure of the rst few rooms of The Legend of Zelda (reproduced from [12]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simpli-ed-super-mario-as-a-hybrid-automaton-2hka8y4i.png Figure 3: (Simpli ed) Super Mario as a hybrid automaton. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-operational-logics-and-formal-correspondents-2isr3tq0.png Table 1: Key operational logics and formal correspondents https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-four-example-catalog-entries-1zsdhsfg.png Figure 2: Four example catalog entries. https://scispace.com/papers/refinement-of-proteins-at-subatomic-resolution-with-mopro-ei1wy7f1be 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-static-deformation-electron-density-map-in-the-on1-cni7uql2.png Figure 2 Static deformation electron density map in the ON1±PN±ON2 plane of the NAD+ pyrophosphate group: (a) without restraints; (b) with the expansion/contraction coef®cients and 0 of the phosphorus and pyrophosphate oxygen atoms restrained to the values extracted from the multipolar-parameters database (Table 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-the-normal-matrix-preconditioning-on-the-1f9qnxqk.png Figure 3 Effect of the normal matrix preconditioning on the rate of convergence of the conjugate gradient procedure. The norm of the shift vector xi at each conjugate gradient cycle is represented until convergence is reached (" < 10ÿ7). (a) In this minimization cycle, 7500 thermal displacement parameters Uij of aldose reductase atoms were re®ned against 311000 high-resolution re¯ections (d < 1 AÊ ). Black curve: preconditioned normal matrix. Grey curve: non-preconditioned matrix. (b) Re®nement of 1488 Uij thermal displacement parameters for the non-disordered atoms of the protein crambin at 0.54 AÊ resolution. Black curve: preconditioned normal matrix. Grey curve: non-preconditioned matrix. (c) Corresponding eigenvalues spectrum of the preconditioned matrix Pÿ1A (black curve) and the non-preconditioned normal matrix A (grey curve) in the crambin re®nement. The condition numbers (ratio of the largest and the smallest eigenvalues) are 31 and 52031, respectively. The eigenvalues of A represented on the diagram have been divided by the median eigenvalue of A. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-estimated-standard-deviations-of-the-x-coordinates-2mtafcp9.png Figure 8 Estimated standard deviations of the X coordinates as a function of the equivalent isotropic thermal displacement parameter Beq = hBiii. The coordinates for the non-disordered parts of the protein crambin were re®ned. (a) All re¯ections to 0.54 AÊ resolution. (b) Truncation at 1 AÊ resolution. The different atom types can be distinguished (sulfur: squares; oxygen: triangles; nitrogen: circles; carbon: crosses). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-iso-contour-surface-of-the-experimental-deformation-3l86el4x.png Figure 1 Iso-contour surface of the experimental deformation electron density (level 0.4 e AÊ ÿ3) along the polypeptide chain of crambin. The deformation density represents the difference between the actual electron density of the molecule and the density calculated for the promolecule, made up of isolated spherical neutral atoms. The density is `static' in that it is computed for atoms at rest. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-the-normalized-matrix-elements-as-a-3rs5wsl0.png Figure 4 Evolution of the normalized matrix elements as a function of Patterson vector length in the crystallographic re®nement of aldose reductase. The matrix elements have been ordered with increasing Patterson vector lengths and grouped in shells of 0.2 AÊ for the calculation of the rootmean-square (r.m.s.) and maximum values. Black curve: r.m.s. value of the A(X, X) elements. Small black squares: maximum value of |A(X, X)|. Grey curve: r.m.s. value of A(U11, U11) elements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-diagram-describing-the-general-architecture-of-the-2ir4w3s6.png Figure 5 Diagram describing the general architecture of the program MOPRO. The procedures that have been parallelized are in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-restraints-implemented-in-mopro-111s8vkz.png Table 1 List of restraints implemented in MOPRO. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-schematic-representation-of-the-iterative-work-1af6p9x4.png Figure 6 (a) Schematic representation of the iterative work-sharing method. A loop over N iterations is computed by one thread (top of the ®gure). After parallelization, it is chopped into three loops over N/3 iterations computed simultaneously by three threads (bottom). (b) Schematic representation of the non-iterative work-sharing construct. At the top of the ®gure, three independent sections of the code are executed consecutively by one thread. At the bottom, they are executed simultaneously by three threads in parallel mode. https://scispace.com/papers/refining-parkinson-s-neurological-disorder-identification-4nbb2g4jfk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-pahaw-dataset-description-3vghex9p.png TABLE 5: The PaHaW dataset description https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-parameters-values-for-fine-tune-training-the-network-golv3skx.png TABLE 6: Parameters values for fine-tune training the network by using features extracted by CNN https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-performance-comparison-of-parkinsons-disease-2510xk24.png TABLE 11: Performance comparison of Parkinson’s disease detection system https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-results-on-each-pattern-using-alexnet-freeze-554jrgrt.png TABLE 7: Results on each pattern using AlexNet-freeze-ImageNet features, AlexNet-freez-MNIST, AlexNetfinetune-ImageNet and AlexNet-finetune-MNIST on augmented PaHaW dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4-fold-cross-validation-1oc4x2px.png Figure 5: 4-fold cross validation https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-performance-evaluation-of-parkinsons-disease-35rmm96u.png TABLE 10: Performance evaluation of Parkinson’s disease identification using different fixed layers in Freeze approach and Fine tuning approach of Transfer learning using MNIST and PaHaW datasets https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-parkinsons-disease-identification-imagenet-pahaw-and-2nfp72n5.png TABLE 8: Parkinson’s disease identification (ImageNet-PaHaW and MNIST-PaHaW)) using different architecture of AlexNet: Reusing of Freeze layers and Fine-tune approaches of transfer learning on Pattern-1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-performance-evaluation-of-parkinsons-disease-1vhz20jq.png TABLE 9: Performance evaluation of Parkinson’s disease identification using different fixed layers in Freeze approach and Fine tuning approach of Transfer learning using ImageNet and PaHaW datasets https://scispace.com/papers/refining-the-planktic-foraminiferal-i-ca-proxy-results-from-25qc6mlsfz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-planktic-i-ca-the-d-13-3otxwyg0.png Fig. 7. Planktic I/Ca, the δ 13 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-core-top-planktic-i-ca-spatial-distribution-maps-241p5uit.png Fig. 3. Core-top planktic I/Ca spatial distribution maps. Background maps show the minimum O2 390 concentrations in the water column. Numbers next to the symbols show the planktic I/Ca values. 391 392 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-planktic-i-ca-in-core-top-samples-the-locations-of-the-3h1t2gsv.png Fig. 4. Planktic I/Ca in core-top samples. The locations of the three regions are shown in Fig. 2a. 395 396 397 398 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-dissolved-io3-v8rr56jx.png Fig. 5. a). Dissolved IO3 - https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-planktic-i-ca-record-at-site-geob1720-2-this-study-and-23axm11v.png Fig. 6. Planktic I/Ca record at site GeoB1720-2 (this study), and alkenone-based SST, mean dust 410 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-seawater-ctd-o2-profile-locations-in-the-study-area-2a1uvoff.png Fig. 2. a). Seawater CTD [O2] profile locations in the study area, World Ocean Database (WOD) 381 2013 (Boyer et al., 2013). We divided our dataset into three regions, as outlined by the yellow 382 https://scispace.com/papers/refining-the-process-of-agent-selection-through-2nu6rozj5b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-tree-height-on-a-onset-of-flowering-b-seed-1iwghuns.png Fig. 4. Effect of tree height on (a) onset of flowering; (b) seed production; (c) growth rate; (d) survival rate. Reproduction is well described by a step function, where the smooth line is the mean and the dotted line is the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-transition-matrix-for-a-parkinsonia-aculeata-8azl5rtr.png Fig. 5. Transition matrix for a Parkinsonia aculeata population. The elements are colour-coded (red indicates survival rates, blue indicates development rates, green indicates reproduction). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-nested-filters-in-the-agent-selection-process-based-on-2u2ac02o.png Fig. 1. Nested filters in the agent selection process based on plant (weed) ecology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-transition-matrix-for-the-hypothetical-tree-in-1xucc9hj.png Fig. 3. A transition matrix for the hypothetical tree in Figure 2. The elements are colour-coded to match Figure 2 (red indicates survival rates, blue indicates development rates, green indicates reproduction). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-hypothetical-life-cycle-of-a-tree-the-numbers-7ecbjmdk.png Fig. 2. A hypothetical life cycle of a tree. The numbers adjacent to the arrows are the probabilities of an individual moving from one stage to the next. Because individuals survive, grow or die, the probabilities from each stage add up to 1 (except for reproducing individuals where one tree produces many seeds, for example, 10 in this case). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-elasticity-analysis-of-the-transition-matrix-for-238izsvu.png Fig. 6. Elasticity analysis of the transition matrix for Parkinsonia aculeata in Central Australia. Each block in the diagram corresponds to a number in the transition matrix. The lighter the colour, the more sensitive the population growth is to a given proportional change in that number. https://scispace.com/papers/refining-the-specification-fsm-when-deriving-test-suites-w-r-4f2remam0g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fsm-a-25v7jeyb.png Fig. 1. FSM A https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-distinguishing-test-case-for-a-submachine-of-fsm-a-4mr7fkhz.png Fig. 2. A distinguishing test case for a submachine of FSM A without the bold transition (2, i1, o2, 1) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-transfer-test-cases-for-fsm-a-2k3r9dwk.png Fig. 3. Transfer test cases for FSM A https://scispace.com/papers/reflectance-and-illumination-estimation-for-realistic-1hjd0cabaw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3d-classification-pipeline-it-separates-crp-points-1gr86j5u.png Figure 5: 3D-classification pipeline. It separates CRP-points to three main classes: Constantly Diffuse Points (CDP) which are not observed under the impact of incident lighting. Pure Diffuse Points (PDP) which demonstrate a pure diffuse property (their specular intensity is equal to 0), and Constantly Occluded Points (COP) which are constantly occluded by another surface/point with regard to the light source. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-photometry-based-classification-white-pixels-are-1bjdajwy.png Figure 6: (a): Photometry-based classification. White pixels are 3D points with variable profiles, green pixels are diffuse points that belong to the CDP subgroup and blue pixels are occluded points with regard to lighting (COP). (b): Recovered diffuse component for Constantly Occluded Points (COPs). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-augmented-scenes-with-different-reflectance-and-3axhbts4.png Figure 7: Augmented scenes, with different reflectance and illumination conditions. We demonstrate correctly rendered virtual objects as they occlude real specular effects (note the presence of the recovered diffuse component in the occluded region) and show realistic shadows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reflectance-profiles-the-upper-figure-corresponds-1re3ucf9.png Figure 2: Reflectance Profiles. The upper figure corresponds to a point on the table that has not been impacted by the incident lighting. The lower figure demonstrates strong color intensity variations for a 3D point located on the specular black book. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimation-of-the-scenes-photometric-properties-a-1z2lrkcp.png Figure 3: Estimation of the scene’s photometric properties. (a): RGB image of the scene. (b): Reflectance Profile based classification. The black points represent the discarded pixels, the grey ones correspond to constant color profiles and the white ones hold variable color profiles. (c): Recovered diffuse reflectance component. (d): specular intensity at a given frame t. (e):Recovered specular intensity for VRP points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3d-position-of-the-light-source-the-left-image-is-a-1zfjmd2s.png Figure 4: 3D position of the light source. The left image is a captured picture of scene and lighting. The right image describes the point cloud of the scene (white pixels) and shows the estimated position of the light source (center of the yellow sphere). https://scispace.com/papers/reflecting-brownian-motion-in-two-dimensions-exact-iulqk5woqi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-two-cases-in-category-i-when-t1-th-1-max-1-a6apexz2.png Fig 3. Two cases in Category I when τ1 < θ (1,max) 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-convergence-domains-for-category-i-and-category-ii-26vhmrsl.png Fig 2. Convergence domains for Category I and Category II https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-an-example-in-which-point-th-1-r-is-on-the-lower-half-fwc1cnru.png Fig 9. An example in which point θ(1,r) is on the lower half of the ellipse, but θ (1,r) 2 > θ (1,max) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-case-in-category-ii-ph2-z-has-a-pole-either-simple-3b4bam82.png Fig 11. A case in Category II: ϕ2(z) has a pole, either simple or double, at τ1 and has the second singularity at f1 ( f2(τ1) ) ∈ (τ1, θ (1,max) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-area-for-th-1-r-e-e2-t2-e-th-1-r-o-g1-e-0-g2-e-0-3vcbvhl7.png Fig 7. The area for θ(1,r) < η, η2 < τ2, ‖η − θ (1,r)‖ < ǫ, γ1(η) > 0, γ2(η) > 0 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-two-cases-in-category-ii-when-t1-th-1-max-1-2eu4e94a.png Fig 6. Two cases in Category II when τ1 = θ (1,max) 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-ellipse-for-u1-0-and-u2-0-the-ellipse-g-th-0-3h3v8a8x.png Fig 1. An ellipse for µ1 < 0 and µ2 > 0: the ellipse γ(θ) = 0 intersects ray γ1(θ) = 0 at θ(2,r) and ray γ2(θ) = 0 at θ (1,r). Its tangent at the origin is orthogonal to µ = (µ1, µ2). Condition (2.2) means that the angle formed by vector µ and ray γk(θ) = 0 is more than π/2, k = 1, 2. The shaded regions Γ1 and Γ2 are open sets defined in (2.7). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-supremum-of-v-th-for-th-d-attains-on-dmin-10vcbedg.png Fig 13. The supremum of 〈v, θ〉 for θ ∈ D attains on Dmin https://scispace.com/papers/reflections-on-conducting-focus-groups-with-people-with-2fmk9vdbru 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-for-focus-group-article-cbzc5dcg.png Table 1 for focus group article https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-items-used-purpose-advantages-and-disadvantages-to-1p3pmwru.png Table 2 Items used, purpose, advantages and disadvantages to the process and outcomes of the focus groups. https://scispace.com/papers/reflections-on-youtesttube-com-an-online-video-sharing-1adknrykne 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-student-responses-to-peer-interaction-and-learning-h5zlbmk3.png Figure 4. Student responses to peer interaction and learning aspects of the YouTestTube.com project. Total number of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-screenshot-of-the-youtesttube-com-website-student-6jdf155y.png Figure 1. Screenshot of the YouTestTube.com website. Student names have been removed to preserve anonymity. 130 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-student-responses-relating-to-gains-with-regard-to-3ov9zwd8.png Figure 3. Student responses relating to gains with regard to skills and learning on the YouTestTube.com project. Total number of respondents = 98 2012/13 academic year. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-student-satisfaction-responses-to-technical-aspects-36i3ohjs.png Figure 2. “Student satisfaction” responses to technical aspects of the YouTestTube project. Total number of respondents = 98; 2012/13 academic year. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-student-responses-to-reflection-and-social-ga7nsb0i.png Figure 5. Student responses to reflection and social interaction aspects of the YouTestTube.com project. Total number of 300 respondents = 98; 2012/13 academic year. https://scispace.com/papers/reflective-silicon-binary-diffraction-grating-for-visible-1mbvzqt6i1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-plot-of-the-reflectivity-versus-scatter-ae0a4gt3.png Fig. 3. (Color online) Plot of the reflectivity versus scatter angle for the binary reflection grating at an angle of incidence of 10° and various test wavelengths. In the inset, plot of the reflection angle as a function of the test wavelength for the first (blue squares) and second (red triangles) diffraction order. The lines are linear fits to the data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-theoretical-and-experimental-power-distribution-3902v86d.png Table 1. Theoretical and Experimental Power Distribution among Diffraction Orders of the Binary Reflection Gratinga https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-top-figure-shows-in-black-the-ideal-1oyu4eag.png Fig. 2. (Color online) (a) Top figure shows, in black, the ideal blazed grating phase profile and, in red, the design profile we used. Below the phase profile we have schematic top view and cross section of a binary reflection grating that implements the blazed phase profile. In the bottom, the equivalent 3D grating cross section. (b) Microphotograph of a 150 μm binary reflection grating. (c) SEM picture of the grating grooves showing the modulation in the period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-plot-of-the-argument-blue-and-normalized-1cc9l0wp.png Fig. 1. (Color online) Plot of the argument (blue) and normalized phase (red) of the reflection coefficient r into the zeroth order (normal to the surface) of a high contrast grating as a function of the period (TM polarization) calculated using RCWA. Below 450 nm the zeroth order is the only allowed order for the subwavelength grating; the onset of the first diffracted order at 450 nm shows up as a sudden drop of reflectivity. The silicon grooves (n ¼ 3:48) are located on quartz substrate (n ¼ 1:46), with a thickness of 170 nm, a duty cycle of 50%. The design wavelength is 650nm. https://scispace.com/papers/reflective-properties-of-selected-road-surfaces-for-an-4uh12tegcy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reflection-values-rl-mcd-m-2-lx-for-new-asphalt-old-163r5w8s.png Table 1. Reflection Values RL [mcd/m 2/lx] for New Asphalt, Old Asphalt, New Concrete, Old Concrete, and Concrete on the Old OU Airport Runway. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effect-of-specular-road-surface-reflection-as-nahth48x.png Table 2. The Effect of Specular Road Surface Reflection As Shown by Comparison of Sign Luminance with and Without Baffles, Low-beams and High-beams https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-two-dimensional-linear-regression-of-rl-as-a-3o2hiu88.png Figure 4. Two Dimensional Linear Regression of RL as a Function of Entrance and Observation Angle. Concrete OU Runway (Adjusted R2=0.831) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-apparatus-and-setup-used-to-determine-2rfkgsc4.png Figure 1. Experimental Apparatus and Setup used to Determine RL [mcd/m 2/lx] of Various Road Surfaces https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-effect-of-specular-road-surface-reflection-as-2tvunu1n.png Figure 6. The Effect of Specular Road Surface Reflection As Shown by Comparison of Sign Luminance with and Without Baffles, Low-beams https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-factor-linear-regression-of-rl-as-a-function-of-3podzsj6.png Figure 2. Two Factor Linear Regression of RL as a Function of Entrance and Observation Angle. (top) Worn Asphalt (Adjusted R2=0.961) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-effect-of-specular-road-surface-reflection-as-rg0o6ou5.png Figure 7. The Effect of Specular Road Surface Reflection As Shown by Comparison of Sign Luminance with and Without Baffles, High-beams https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-factor-linear-regression-of-rl-as-a-function-of-2qqoz5d2.png Figure 3. Two Factor Linear Regression of RL as a Function of Entrance and Observation Angle. (top) Worn Concrete (Adjusted R2=0.946) https://scispace.com/papers/reflective-spin-orbit-geometric-phase-from-chiral-1l3dj5kgw7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-side-view-of-the-supramolecular-helical-ordering-of-11ze0d86.png FIG. 1. (a) Side view of the supramolecular helical ordering of the chiral liquid crystal planar Bragg mirror and incident ðiÞ and reflected ðrÞ optical features associated with the circular Bragg reflection. The mirror is made of a right handed (χ ¼ þ1) cholesteric film of thickness L ¼ 5 μm and pitch p ¼ 347 nm (MDA 02 3211 from Merck [11]). (b) Dynamical geometric phase experiment setup. The slightly oblique incidence (α≃ 4°) allows the analysis of raw reflected light. QWP, quarter wave plate; P, polarizer. The thin “Fresnel” arrow refers to incident light reflected at air glass interfaces and the thick arrow labeled “Bragg” refers to circular Bragg reflection. The sample is rotated at an angular frequency Ω ¼ 20 °=s. (c) Illus tration of the rotation of the supramolecular helix at an angular frequency Ω. (d) Power Fourier spectrum of the periodic signal (see inset) acquired by the photodetector PD shown in panel (b) over ≃40 periods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-definition-of-the-parameters-involved-in-the-para-ktjb6u5m.png FIG. 2. (a) Definition of the parameters involved in the para metrization of the 3D director field of a radial cholesteric droplet in the spherical coordinate system ðr; θ;ϕÞ. The incidence plane and incident wave vector k in the case of illumination towards z < 0 is also shown. (b) Incoherent white light imaging of a radial cholesteric droplet immersed in glycerol between crossed linear polarizers whose orientations are given by the white cross. (c) Transmission image of the droplet under circularly polarized incoherent illumination at 532 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-b-intensity-and-phase-profiles-retrieval-for-a-2d-2ejvgod0.png FIG. 5. (a),(b) Intensity and phase profiles retrieval for a 2D chiral Bragg mirror for the incident vortex beam with l ¼ þ1. (c), (d) Same as (a),(b) for l ¼ −1. (e),(f) Intensity and phase profile analysis for a spherical (3D) chiral Bragg mirror (radial cholesteric droplet) for incident vortex beam with l ¼ þ1. (g),(h) Same as (e),(f) for l ¼ −1. Experimental parameters for the 3D case: levitator beam power P ¼ 17 mW, levitated droplet radius R ¼ 23 μm, and equilibrium elevation h ¼ 240 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-optical-vortex-levitation-of-bragg-radial-cholesteric-2ehqstzq.png FIG. 4. Optical vortex levitation of Bragg radial cholesteric droplets. (a) Setup. QWP, quarter wave plate; (N)PBS, (non) polarizing beam splitter; Objiði 1;2Þ, microscope objectives; Camiði 1;2Þ, CMOS cameras; WL, halogen white light illumina tion. Cholesteric droplets are prepared in milli Q water within a sealed square (1 × 1 mm2) glass capillary oriented along the x axis. (b) Measured transverse intensity distribution of the incident vortex laser beam (λ0 ¼ 532 nm). (c) Sketch of a radial cholesteric droplet levitated by the vortex beam focused by the underfilled microscope objective Obj1 (×20, NA ¼ 0.4) and characterized by a divergence angle θ0 ≃ 6.3° and beam waist radius w0 ≃ 1.5 μm. (d) Image of a steady levitated droplet captured by Cam2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-b-calculated-orientation-angle-of-the-projection-of-imcbg0ox.png FIG. 3. (a),(b) Calculated orientation angle of the projection of the 3D director field at the surface of the droplet in a plane perpendicular to z, when looking at the droplet towards z < 0 (top view) and z > 0 (bottom view). (c),(d) Space variant optical axis orientation angle of an effective flat inhomogeneous chiral Bragg mirror that takes account of the curvature of the droplet surface. Without lack of generality all plots are evaluated taking 2πR=pþΨ0 ¼ 0 modula 2π, R being the droplet radius. https://scispace.com/papers/reflectometric-measurement-of-plasma-imaging-and-599bmzi9ff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-transmission-coefficient-vs-frequency-for-various-cvvhlko7.png Fig. 6. Transmission coefficient vs. frequency for various values of spacing d. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-transmission-coefficient-vs-frequency-a-single-b-2bf7v8nv.png Fig. 4. Transmission coefficient vs. frequency: (a) single, (b) triple. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-notch-frequency-as-a-function-of-conductor-line-width-e7u93aav.png Fig. 3. Notch frequency as a function of conductor line width. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-time-evolution-of-a-the-ecg-signal-and-b-the-microwave-2zkfqonf.png Fig. 9. Time evolution of (a) the ECG signal and (b) the microwave reflectometer signal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-measured-and-calculated-transmission-coefficient-of-2lm7iny3.png Fig. 5. Measured and calculated transmission coefficient of the dichroic plate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-schematic-of-the-microwave-reflectometer-for-vital-31d5zpot.png Fig. 8. Schematic of the microwave reflectometer for vital signal detection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-wavelet-spectrum-of-the-reflectometer-signal-upper-2bt1y45f.png Fig. 13. Wavelet spectrum of the reflectometer signal (upper trace) and time variation of the peak values of heart beat during driving for two methods (ECG and microwave) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-wavelet-spectrum-of-each-reflectometer-signal-a-b-and-3kobgfng.png Fig. 12. Wavelet spectrum of each reflectometer signal (a, b) and cross-correlation spectrum (c). https://scispace.com/papers/reflux-patterns-and-risk-factors-of-primary-varicose-veins-1gzj9a3rcm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-frequency-and-relationship-of-the-refluxes-in-the-224x32w6.png Table 4 Frequency and relationship of the refluxes in the groin with the CEAP clinical severity https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-association-of-the-all-possible-venous-reflux-points-2u3xkm0h.png Table 5 Association of the all possible venous reflux points of the limb and the most severe clinical form of CVI (CEAP C4–C6) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relationships-of-the-reflux-patterns-in-the-18wc6abu.png Table 3 Relationships of the reflux patterns in the superficial venous system with the symptomatology and as a function of the clinical severity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reflux-in-the-groin-1a-and-2a-saphenofemoral-30dn63k1.png Figure 1 Reflux in the groin. (1a and 2a) Saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) reflux of great saphenous vein (GSV) and anterior accessory great saphenous vein (AAGSV). (1b and 2b) Competent SFJ with reflux from pelvis of GSV and AAGSV. (1c and 2c) Competent SFJ with reflux from epigastric veins of GSV and AAGSV. (2d) Segmental AAGSV reflux. Competence of all segments in all veins is indicated by the ascending direction of the flow (anterograde) using blue arrows, while incompetence of the vein segment assessed is indicated by the descending direction of the flow (retrograde) using red arrows. SSV, small saphenous vein; PV, perforating vein https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-personal-history-and-risk-factors-in-the-studied-1ldlsje0.png Table 1 Personal history and risk factors in the studied population distributed by gender https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relationships-between-of-risk-factors-concurrent-1f0aide4.png Table 2 Relationships between of risk factors, concurrent diseases, complications and symptomatology with the clinical severity from CEAP classification (bivariate analysis) https://scispace.com/papers/refocusing-the-ecb-on-output-stabilization-and-growth-4v9jtb0u0u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reneging-on-growth-may-not-pay-off-kz532dg8.png Figure 3. Reneging on growth may not pay off https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-business-of-keeping-up-margins-2hbhqtpq.png Figure 2. Business of keeping up margins https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-doing-it-the-ecb-way-3cymbpov.png Figure 1. Doing it the ECB way https://scispace.com/papers/reforming-petroleum-based-fuels-for-fuel-cell-vehicles-3f4qqnqzyt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-long-term-effects-of-reforming-fuel-with-50-wppm-s-2fhxp5ra.png Figure 7. Long-term effects of reforming fuel with 50 wppm S over Pt-ceria and Co-ceria catalysts (T=800?C, GHSV 5,200 h-1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-rate-constants-for-disappearance-of-durw5l1d.png Figure 4. Comparison of rate constants for disappearance of butane species for the blended fuels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-butane-in-product-gas-from-reforming-2mvrwj6k.png Figure 5. Comparison of butane in product gas from reforming isooctane and isooctane+20% xylene. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-hydrogen-yield-from-reforming-36ttg4m0.png Figure 6. Comparison of hydrogen yield from reforming isooctane and isooctane+50 wppm S over several different catalysts (T=800?C, GHSV 15,000 h-1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hydrogen-yield-from-fuel-a-a-99-parafinnic-fuel-2g1lh7gx.png Figure 1. Hydrogen yield from fuel A, a > 99% parafinnic fuel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hydrogen-yield-from-fuel-c-a-fuel-containing-20-nhzt5pxg.png Figure 3. Hydrogen yield from fuel C, a fuel containing ~20% aromatics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hydrogen-yield-from-fuel-b-a-fuel-with-20-3lidf0zq.png Figure 2. Hydrogen yield from fuel B, a fuel with ~20% naphthenes. https://scispace.com/papers/reformulations-in-mathematical-programming-automatic-5q6zizs6dh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-excessively-large-instances-nauty-ram-or-cpu-1uir4y13.png Table 5 Excessively large instances (nauty RAM or CPU failures during reformulation). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-instance-libraries-statistics-22f1p1nn.png Table 1 Instance libraries statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-milp-instance-statistics-183gwcdg.png Table 12 MILP instance statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-nlp-results-globallib-solved-by-couenne-or-baron-1e7q2udg.png Table 7 NLP results (GlobalLib solved by COUENNE or BARON). Lower values are best in general; in instances not solved to optimality (CPU=7200), higher ratios nodes/tree are best. Values marked ‘-’ denote Narrowing2=Narrowing1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-minlp-instances-where-both-couenne-and-baron-failed-12lh59rw.png Table 10 MINLP instances where both COUENNE and BARON failed (the deb instances are reported infeasible). https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-nlp-instances-where-both-couenne-and-baron-failed-1vhpfnba.png Table 8 NLP instances where both COUENNE and BARON failed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-minlp-results-minlplib-solved-by-couenne-or-baron-aldmth9e.png Table 9 MINLP results (MINLPLib solved by COUENNE or BARON). Lower values are best in general; in instances not solved to optimality (CPU=7200), higher ratios nodes/tree are best. Values marked ‘-’ denote Narrowing2=Narrowing1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-some-results-without-the-2h-cpu-time-limit-lower-47pt8uug.png Table 11 Some results without the 2h CPU time limit. Lower values are best in general; in instances not solved to optimality, higher ratios nodes/(tree×CPU) are best. https://scispace.com/papers/refraction-angle-calculation-in-multilayered-ice-for-wide-5987vgfukc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-deviation-of-the-estimated-refraction-angle-on-air-ice-1ujdlsbc.png Fig. 3. Deviation of the estimated refraction angle on air-ice interface, for small-angle approximation (dashed) and intersection method (solid) with 10 and 15 steps, with the same parameters as in Fig. 2, but with RG from 0 to 500m. https://scispace.com/papers/refractive-index-dependent-bidirectional-scattering-4ho7y9iqpu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-our-measurement-setup-a-material-patch-is-placed-in-32dpapf7.png Figure 4: Our measurement setup: a material patch is placed in the diameter of the cylinder. The cylinder is filled with the surrounding medium. A rotating laser then shines in the range of 0◦ to 90◦. The reflected light is imaged by a screen, which is attached to the cylinder and captured by a CCD camera. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-aluminum-is-one-of-the-materials-that-does-not-show-7u0hlfs0.png Figure 5: Aluminum is one of the materials that does not show the predicted behavior. The plot shows the measured reflectance data (dots) for incident angles 50◦,60◦ and 70◦ w.r.t. the surface normal for refractive indices 1.0 (red) and 1.44 (green). The exitant reflectance are measured for φo = 0 ◦ and θo ∈ [45◦, 75◦]. Note, that the reflectances vary only in a small numeric range. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-fitting-results-for-red-plastic-the-plot-shows-11vg2wbi.png Figure 6: The fitting results for red plastic. The plot shows the measured reflectance data (dots) for incident angles 50◦,60◦ and 70◦ w.r.t. the surface normal and the fitting of the proposed model (lines) for refractive indices 1.0 (red) and 1.44 (green). The exitant reflectances a measured for φo = 0 ◦ and θo ∈ [45◦, 75◦]. The vertical lines denote θo = θi for each incident angle. Note the underestimation of values with increasing incident angle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-table-of-symbols-used-in-the-paper-and-the-lemxw5th.png Figure 3: The table of symbols used in the paper and the geometric layout for BTDF calibration https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-fitting-results-for-the-proposed-model-with-cizuulcq.png Table 1: The fitting results for the proposed model with different materials that show the reflectance behavior governed by the Fresnel term. The table lists the model parameters ρd, ρs, the estimated refractive index of the material nt, the exponent for the microfacet distribution, and the number of iterations k needed for the fitting process to converge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-interaction-with-media-that-have-different-34zl2ls1.png Figure 1: The interaction with media that have different refractive indices causes differences in the reflectance behaviors of surfaces. In this paper we capture BRDF data of materials showing this behavior and we fit a new model to enable rendering of such immersed materials. The left image shows a duck spilled with distilled water (refractive index 1.33). The material is blue cloth from our captured BRDF database. The middle image shows the Eurographics logo spilled with a salt solution (refractive index 1.44). The material is plastic synthesized by the proposed model. The right image shows the Stanford bunny spilled with distilled water. The material is bamboo synthesized by the proposed model. Notice how the brightness of the reflected light and the shape of the highlights changes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-geometry-for-micro-facet-brdf-models-an-incident-2lgzx5dm.png Figure 2: Geometry for micro-facet BRDF models. An incident ray makes an angle θi with the surface normal. The surface is assumed to be a flat interface, representing the mean of the surface micro-geometry (grey). The interface is separating two media with refractive indices ni and nt, respectively. Observe that opaque materials also have refractive indices, e.g. plastic has an index of ≈ 1.46. The Fresnel equations determine the amount of reflected and transmitted light. The lobe of the BRDF is indicated in light blue. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-effects-of-different-surrounding-media-to-the-20uvmzb4.png Figure 7: The effects of different surrounding media to the size of the specular reflection in the proposed model: In each image, the left side of the sphere shows the reflection of the material for air (≈ 1.0) and the right side shows for a medium with refractive index ≈ 1.2. The small boxes show a close-up view to the particular highlight. Note, that the intensity (a,b,c,d) and the extend of the highlight (a,c,d) decreases with increasing refractive index https://scispace.com/papers/refractive-index-sensing-measurement-based-on-periodically-3ibdfumrxf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-images-of-the-small-core-fibre-with-periodic-1e7etfei.png Fig. 4. Images of the small core fibre with periodic microtapers. The image was obtained by the use of a microscope (Nikon Eclipse LV100) with a 5× (left) and 20× (right) objective, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-of-the-fabrication-and-experimental-setup-1cm2lcpo.png Fig. 3. Schematic of the fabrication and experimental setup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematics-of-the-smf28-small-core-fibre-smf28-fibre-14rxlzb9.png Fig. 1. Schematics of the SMF28-small core fibre-SMF28 fibre structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-smf28-small-core-fibre-with-periodical-tapers-smf28-34v53p01.png Fig. 2. SMF28-small core fibre with periodical tapers-SMF28 fibre. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-measured-spectral-response-at-different-surrounding-2paimitv.png Fig. 5. (a) Measured spectral response at different surrounding RIs; (b) measured wavelength shift versus different surrounding RIs. https://scispace.com/papers/refractive-index-profile-tailoring-of-multimode-optical-1htrgjieno 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-output-two-dimensional-near-field-shapes-3w1p7wax.png Fig. 4. Experimental output two-dimensional near-field shapes (normalized intensity in the linear scale) as a function of input guided power Pp−p measured at the pump wavelength of 1064 nm in 10-mlong GRIN dip MMF. Panels (a) and (b) show the results obtained for slightly different input conditions. Asterisk (*): results for the Pp−p at which frequency conversion into sidebands was also observed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-spectra-obtained-from-a-10-m-long-grin-13b3cae4.png Fig. 5. Experimental spectra obtained from a 10-m-long GRIN MMF without (top, red curve) and with (bottom, blue curve) a central dip in the refractive index profile. The input guided power was Pp−p 36 kW. The vertical dashed lines indicate the analytically calculated sideband frequencies. The blue spectrum was down-shifted by 50 dB for better visualization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-low-order-mode-profiles-for-a-grin-fiber-with-a-zpcayy71.png Fig. 8. Low-order mode profiles for a GRIN fiber with a Gaussian dip with δn −4 × 10−3. Since these modes have intensity profiles similar to the linearly polarized modes of a step-index fiber, we adopted the same numbering. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-experimental-output-two-dimensional-near-field-shapes-118l46ta.png Fig. 6. Experimental output two-dimensional near-field shapes (normalized intensity in linear scale) of a series of selected spectral components measured from 10-m-long GRIN MMF with a dip in their index profile at Pp−p 36 kW including the first four-orders anti-Stokes parametric sidebands (upper panel). Asterisk (*): near-field shape at the pump wavelength (1064 nm) in the linear regime with Pp−p 18 W. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-measured-refractive-index-profiles-of-two-types-of-2e7cg6g9.png Fig. 7. Measured refractive index profiles of two types of GRIN fibers: (a) fiber with a nearly parabolic profile—the black curve shows the parabolic profile used in the numerical simulations; (b) fiber with a parabolic profile with a dip on the top—the black curves and the yellow curve represent the parabolic profiles and the Gaussian approximation of the dip, respectively, as used in the numerical simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-supercontinuum-generation-in-the-grin-fiber-with-dip-2rz1rxdz.png Fig. 11. Supercontinuum generation in the GRIN fiber with dip: fiber length of 10 m and average power of 36 kW. We used a series of 10-nm-wide bandpass filters with center wavelengths of 550, 650, 750, 900, 1000, 1200, 1300, 1500, and 1600, and a 3-nm-wide bandpass filter at 1064 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-experimental-evolutions-of-two-dimensional-near-field-4ka7wqdm.png Fig. 10. Experimental evolutions of two-dimensional near-field shape at 1064 nm (normalized intensity in linear scale) (a) and spectrum (b) as a function of input guided power Pp−p measured at the output of a 10-m-long GRIN MMF with perturbed index profile. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-iso-intensity-surfaces-identifying-the-local-variation-3gplqlrd.png Fig. 1. Iso-intensity surfaces identifying the local variation of the refractive index induced by the Kerr effect and obtained for δn 0 (a) and δn −0.004 (b). https://scispace.com/papers/refrigerant-mass-migration-modeling-and-simulation-for-air-383o7vktzd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-total-refrigerant-mass-in-the-system-9xek4pu3.png Fig. 11. Total refrigerant mass in the system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-refrigerant-mass-migration-in-the-high-pressure-3jh3yqqe.png Fig. 12. Refrigerant mass migration in the high-pressure components. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-refrigerant-mass-flow-rate-across-the-compressor-time-qnhcdxs3.png Fig. 10. Refrigerant mass flow rate across the compressor. Time (s) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-refrigerant-mass-migration-in-the-low-pressure-16f3ipd1.png Fig. 13. Refrigerant mass migration in the low-pressure components. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-component-physical-parameters-11e5nseu.png Table 1 Component physical parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-e-1xfozh56.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the e https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-switching-schemes-in-the-condenser-shfq7j7d.png Fig. 14. Switching schemes in the condenser. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-refrigerant-mass-migration-in-the-condenser-3p1qo6xs.png Fig. 15. Refrigerant mass migration in the condenser. https://scispace.com/papers/refugee-and-asylum-news-coverage-in-uk-print-and-online-17fzc88rg0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chi-square-results-for-topics-by-partisanship-df-3-225lew55.png Table 2. Chi-square results for topics by partisanship (df = 3). Percentages calculated by total per medium. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chi-square-results-for-topics-by-medium-df-1-uoponttt.png Table 1. Chi-square results for topics by medium (df = 1). Percentages calculated by total per medium. https://scispace.com/papers/refusal-versus-massive-investment-qualitative-study-of-294hmplaog 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-thematic-analysis-of-experience-of-parenthood-2dqkajtl.png Table 2. Thematic Analysis of Experience of Parenthood Refusal (n = 7) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participants-sociodemographic-characteristics-3h27vjpq.png Table 1. Participants’ Sociodemographic Characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/refusal-skill-ability-an-examination-of-adolescent-3fwkc9mldi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-rates-of-coding-scores-for-verbal-and-non-12svybik.png Table 1 Mean rates of coding scores for verbal and non-verbal behaviors by role-play type https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-multivariate-models-of-adult-ratings-on-adolescent-7j7a1q1f.png Table 5 Multivariate models of adult ratings on adolescent perceptions of effectiveness https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sample-adolescent-coding-criteria-by-category-7itityap.png Table 2 Sample adolescent coding criteria by category https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sample-adolescent-coding-statements-by-effectiveness-1ut0kwu1.png Table 3 Sample adolescent coding statements by Effectiveness score https://scispace.com/papers/refugees-in-the-news-comparing-belgian-and-swedish-newspaper-4qetdc14fx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-degree-of-collective-portrayal-in-news-stories-with-p5ua67b4.png Table 4: Degree of collective portrayal in news stories with and without positive themes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-degree-of-collective-portrayal-in-news-stories-with-3dwcozoi.png Table 5: Degree of collective portrayal in news stories with and without negative themes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-positive-and-negative-news-portrayals-in-belgium-3lfc5ccw.png Table 1: Positive and negative news portrayals in Belgium (Wallonia and Flanders) and Sweden (in %, N=898). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-differences-between-mean-number-of-non-refugee-and-2a3hrtni.png Table 2: Differences between mean number of non-refugee and refugee actors quoted in news stories. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-differences-between-mean-numbers-of-quoted-and-1kwu40z3.png Table 3: Differences between mean numbers of quoted and paraphrased refugee actors in news stories. https://scispace.com/papers/regaining-equilibrium-understanding-the-process-of-sibling-wvu38ustj4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-a-model-depicting-the-details-of-the-samp-2786y8z5.png Figure 3.2. A model depicting the details of the samp https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-a-model-depicting-the-principles-of-theoretical-lwcpoufl.png Figure 3.1. A model depicting the principles of theoretical sampling utilized in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-d-1-sacrifice-for-the-well-being-of-the-family-the-3kb059tp.png Figure D.1. Sacrifice For The Well-Being Of The Family: The Process Of Managing The Change And Turmoil https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-a-diagrammatic-model-of-the-evolution-of-losing-75dee3rl.png Figure 5.1. A diagrammatic model of the evolution of losing equilibrium https://scispace.com/papers/regal-un-systeme-pour-la-visualisation-selective-de-3dria0l04o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-exemples-du-principe-demboitement-2psrr0kn.png Figure 4. Exemples du principe d’emboîtement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-extrait-dun-texte-du-monde-diplomatique-1isnl3zx.png Figure 6. Extrait d’un texte du Monde Diplomatique https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-le-systeme-regal-2urcp5cs.png Figure 1. Le système RÉGAL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-courbe-de-similarite-inter-paragraphe-pour-larticle-cmicundw.png Figure 2. Courbe de similarité inter-paragraphe pour l’article du Monde de la figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-exemple-dintegration-des-resultats-des-deux-21e2ae5v.png Figure 3. Exemple d’intégration des résultats des deux analyses thématiques https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-exemple-dinterface-dynamique-1p198ony.png Figure 5. Exemple d’interface dynamique https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-structure-produite-2alxiqn7.png Figure 7. Structure produite https://scispace.com/papers/regenerator-location-problem-and-survivable-extensions-a-hub-3axjrb1e04 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cut-formulation-results-31aqbp75.png Table 1 Cut formulation results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-euclidean-network-statistics-36lw2i6e.png Table 6 Euclidean network statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-analysis-of-alternative-solutions-19wv38w9.png Table 4 Analysis of alternative solutions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-computational-results-for-the-euclidean-networks-5pae68ce.png Table 5 Computational results for the Euclidean networks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-32-node-network-2yfun0iv.png Fig. 3. 32-Node network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-working-with-gcp-rather-than-g-c-1i1hnkpk.png Fig. 2. Working with Gcp rather than G c . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-32-node-network-number-of-regenerators-versus-dmax-1c6pjdy7.png Fig. 4. 32-Node network: number of regenerators versus dmax. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-computational-results-for-the-32-node-network-bwc5gxip.png Table 3 Computational results for the 32-node network example. https://scispace.com/papers/regge-approach-to-charged-pion-photoproduction-at-invariant-zoh68g2ad2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameters-of-the-model-herecij-is-the-coupling-1xclrmdk.png Table 3. Parameters of the model. Herecij is the coupling constant for the ith amplitude and the type of exchange,dj is a cut-off parameter for the Regge cut amplitude, whilea andb are the parameters of the Born term form factor, cf. Table 2 and Eq. (22). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-polarized-photon-asymmetry-fromgp-p-n-reaction-as-a-3nv56k8q.png Fig. 8. Polarized photon asymmetry fromγp→π+n reaction as a function of−t at different photon energies. The data are taken from Refs. [132] (squares) and [123] (filled triangles). The solid lines show results of our model calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-target-t-filled-circles-and-triangles-and-recoil-2mi9pn96.png Fig. 9. Target (T ) (filled circles and triangles), and recoil asymmetry (R) (open circles) forγp→π+n as a function of−t at different photon energiesEγ . The data are taken from Refs. [132] (filled and open circles) and [130] (triangles). The solid lines are our result. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-thegp-p-n-data-on-differential-cross-section-1vtpksto.png Table 4. Theγp→π+n data on differential cross section analyzed in the present paper. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-gp-p-n-data-on-the-polarized-photon-asymmetrys-wd4yx5mj.png Table 5. The γp→π+n data on the polarized photon asymmetryΣ (denoted formerly asA [92]), target asymmetryT , and the recoil symmetryR (denoted formerly asP [92]) analyzed in the present paper. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-gp-p-n-differential-cross-section-as-a-function-of-2iinfwsl.png Fig. 6. The γp→π+n differential cross section as a function of−t at different photon energiesEγ . Here √ s is theγp invariant collision energy. The data are taken from Refs. [113,114] (open squares). The solid lines show results of our model calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-gp-p-n-differential-cross-section-as-a-function-of-3j4tqmte.png Fig. 7. The γp→π+n differential cross section as a function of−t at different photon energiesEγ . The data are taken from Refs. [115] (inverse close triangles) and [113,114] (open squares). The solid lines show results of our model calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-thegn-p-p-differential-cross-section-as-a-function-of-1sjbtizv.png Fig. 14. Theγn→π−p differential cross section as a function of−t at different photon energiesEγ . The data are taken from Refs. [153] (open circles), [152] (filled inverse triangles) and [154] (filled triangles). The stars are the experimental results from the JLab Hall A Collaboration [65]. The solid lines show our results based on the parameters listed in Table 3. https://scispace.com/papers/regime-switching-in-a-fishery-with-stochastic-stock-and-2dbn2v2h02 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sample-realisations-of-price-and-stock-3ao3u9h0.png Figure 3: Sample Realisations of Price and Stock. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-approximate-switching-curves-base-case-thin-lines-5739v5yq.png Figure 7: Approximate Switching Curves. Base case (thin lines), Ymax = 0.15 (thick line), and Ymax = 0.05 (thick dash-dot lines). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-values-1yoau6gw.png Table 1: Parameter Values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-approximate-switching-curves-base-case-r-0-5-thin-2ruolzg6.png Figure 6: Approximate Switching Curves. Base case r = 0.5 (thin lines), r = 0.25 (thick line), and r = 0.75 (thick dash-dot lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-approximate-switching-curves-base-case-thick-lines-3gn9vxuc.png Figure 5: Approximate Switching Curves. Base Case (thick lines), Deterministic (thick dash-dot line), High Volatility with σX = 0.45 and σP = 0.30 (thin dashed lines), and Low Volatility with σX = 0.15 and σP = 0.10 (thin lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-long-run-stock-density-y-0-base-case-sx-0-30-solid-2uns1z3m.png Figure 1: Long-Run Stock Density, Y = 0. Base case σX = 0.30 (solid line), σX = 0.45 (dash-dot line), and σX = 0.15 (dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-long-run-stock-density-optimal-policy-and-no-3c3k20ii.png Figure 4: Long-Run Stock Density: Optimal Policy and No Harvesting (dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-approximate-switching-curves-base-case-thin-lines-yvqw06v6.png Figure 2: Approximate Switching Curves. Base case (thin lines) and with No switching costs (thick line). https://scispace.com/papers/regimen-changes-and-duration-in-the-european-monetary-system-4d8iqto70j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-parametric-estimation-with-heterogeneity-by-group-2ikk4m4y.png Table 8: Parametric estimation with heterogeneity by group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-regimen-duration-in-the-emr-1979-1998-32kkph8f.png Figure 1: Regimen duration in the EMR, 1979-1998 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-kaplan-meier-survivor-and-hazard-functions-3nh6ajwf.png Table 4. Kaplan-Meier survivor and hazard functions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-regimen-duration-in-the-emr-by-groups-of-currencies-1xi9v6vv.png Figure 5: Regimen duration in the EMR, by groups of currencies (1979-1998) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parametric-estimation-392dyzzv.png Table 5: Parametric estimation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-realignments-and-changes-in-the-erm-1979-1998-20bu352j.png Table 1: Main realignments and changes in the ERM (1979-1998). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-statistics-6n61fixy.png Table 6. Summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-non-parametric-estimation-of-the-hazard-function-in-14goy5b0.png Figure 4: Non-parametric estimation of the hazard function in the ERM (Kaplan-Meier estimate) https://scispace.com/papers/regge-approach-to-charged-pion-photoproduction-at-invariant-53qhl9cxvw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameters-of-the-model-herecij-is-the-coupling-knioakek.png Table 3. Parameters of the model. Herecij is the coupling constant for the ith amplitude and the type of exchange,dj is a cut-off parameter for the Regge cut amplitude, whilea andb are the parameters of the Born term form factor, cf. Table 2 and Eq. (22). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-polarized-photon-asymmetry-fromgp-p-n-reaction-as-a-3g9wc3si.png Fig. 8. Polarized photon asymmetry fromγp→π+n reaction as a function of−t at different photon energies. The data are taken from Refs. [132] (squares) and [123] (filled triangles). The solid lines show results of our model calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-target-t-filled-circles-and-triangles-and-recoil-22xllarv.png Fig. 9. Target (T ) (filled circles and triangles), and recoil asymmetry (R) (open circles) forγp→π+n as a function of−t at different photon energiesEγ . The data are taken from Refs. [132] (filled and open circles) and [130] (triangles). The solid lines are our result. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-thegp-p-n-data-on-differential-cross-section-1xhs6w7p.png Table 4. Theγp→π+n data on differential cross section analyzed in the present paper. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-gp-p-n-data-on-the-polarized-photon-asymmetrys-1mmsi3y6.png Table 5. The γp→π+n data on the polarized photon asymmetryΣ (denoted formerly asA [92]), target asymmetryT , and the recoil symmetryR (denoted formerly asP [92]) analyzed in the present paper. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-gp-p-n-differential-cross-section-as-a-function-of-2qnnm3ix.png Fig. 6. The γp→π+n differential cross section as a function of−t at different photon energiesEγ . Here √ s is theγp invariant collision energy. The data are taken from Refs. [113,114] (open squares). The solid lines show results of our model calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-gp-p-n-differential-cross-section-as-a-function-of-1b3839b2.png Fig. 7. The γp→π+n differential cross section as a function of−t at different photon energiesEγ . The data are taken from Refs. [115] (inverse close triangles) and [113,114] (open squares). The solid lines show results of our model calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-thegn-p-p-differential-cross-section-as-a-function-of-1ppi6xye.png Fig. 14. Theγn→π−p differential cross section as a function of−t at different photon energiesEγ . The data are taken from Refs. [153] (open circles), [152] (filled inverse triangles) and [154] (filled triangles). The stars are the experimental results from the JLab Hall A Collaboration [65]. The solid lines show our results based on the parameters listed in Table 3. https://scispace.com/papers/regimes-of-operation-in-the-princeton-large-torus-3eiz4xoyh0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-ion-energy-confinement-times-deduced-from-neutron-3mschcrf.png Fig. 10. Ion energy confinement times deduced from neutron measurements. Confinement is im proved in the sawtooth regime on PLT. (PPPL 796026) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-effect-of-t-r-a-n-s-i-t-i-o-n-to-s-t-rong-saw-tooth-23fdlzad.png Fig . 9. Effect of t r a n s i t i o n to s t rong saw tooth regime on dens i ty bui ldup. (PPPL https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-minor-disruption-precursor-to-the-transition-to-the-fdm0jtx0.png Fig. 5. Minor disruption precursor to the transition to the sawtooth https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-relaxation-hollow-t-e-pro-file-regime-observed-for-1ytsu13f.png Fig. 6. Relaxation hollow T e pro file regime observed for conditions https://scispace.com/papers/region-based-endocardium-tracking-on-real-time-three-5g8xdjo4du 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-c-example-results-fom-one-dataset-a-root-mean-square-3i1n7hst.png Fig. 2. (a-c) Example results fom one dataset. (a) Root-mean-square error (RMSE) of absolute differences in over one cardiac cycle; (b) LV volumes from manual tracing (solid line) and OF tracking (dashed line) over one cardiac cycle; and (c) relative difference maps between OF and manual tracing surfaces at ES, showing most of the surface under 10% (i.e., 0.1) difference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cross-sectional-views-at-ed-for-one-of-the-datasets-a-3uw1olr9.png Fig. 1. Cross-sectional views at ED for one of the datasets. (a–c) Original data and (d–f) the data after diffusion process. (a, d) Axial; (b, e) elevation; and (c, f) azimuth views. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-of-surface-discrepancies-and-volume-3nyaaisy.png Table 1. Statistics of surface discrepancies and volume differences for the normal group and the ischemia group https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-measures-and-statistical-differences-1zp28o9y.png Table 2. Correlation measures and statistical differences: Volume comparisons between the overall manual tracing and region-based tracking, inter-observer variability and comparisons between manual tracing and region-based tracking for the normal and ischemia subgroups https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-volume-comparisons-between-manual-tracing-and-region-61nkk5g1.png Fig. 3. Volume comparisons between manual tracing and region-based tracking. (a, b) Overall performance with regression plot (a) and Bland-Altman statistical analysis (b); (c, d) performance on normal group with regression plot (c) and Bland-Altman statistical analysis (d); and (e, f) performance on ischemia group with regression plot (e) and Bland-Altman statistical analysis (f). Each blue circle represents a single data point, the center black line represents the mean value and the two red dashed lines represent 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/papers/region-based-memory-management-in-cyclone-vy44dk64bm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-abstract-syntax-of-core-cyclone-2snf2p8n.png Figure 3: Abstract Syntax of Core Cyclone https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-benchmark-performance-2777yt9c.png Table 3: Benchmark performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-benchmark-code-differences-27q1ekam.png Table 1: Benchmark code differences https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-region-annotations-in-libraries-c8jwki0t.png Table 2: Region annotations in libraries https://scispace.com/papers/region-matching-with-missing-parts-i0kfib328l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-letter-a-evolution-top-evolution-of-the-complete-shape-aewa7yoc.png Fig. 5. Letter “A” Evolution. (Top) evolution of the complete shape for t = 0, . . . , 20. (Bottom) evolution of g3(µ) for t = 0, . . . , 20. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-contour-undergoes-a-global-motion-and-local-1ep3bfn8.png Fig. 1. A contour undergoes a global motion and local occlusions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-letter-a-top-a-collection-of-images-of-the-letter-a-in-2qjmnkm0.png Fig. 4. Letter “A.” (Top) a collection of images of the letter “A” in different poses with different missing parts. The support of the missing parts is unknown. (Middle) similarity group (“registration”). (Bottom) estimated template corresponding to the similarity group (“complete shape”). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-corpus-callosum-top-a-collection-of-images-of-the-same-3tqor4j8.png Fig. 8. Corpus Callosum. (Top) a collection of images of the same corpus callosum in different poses with different missing parts. The support of the missing parts is unknown. (Middle) similarity group, visualized as a “registered” image. (Bottom) estimated template corresponding to the similarity group (“complete image”). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-corpus-callosum-evolution-top-evolution-of-the-3aqhms5c.png Fig. 9. Corpus Callosum evolution. (Top) evolution of the complete image for t = 0, . . . , 199. (Bottom) evolution of g2(µ) for t = 0, . . . , 199. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-faces-top-a-collection-of-images-of-the-same-face-in-1kysq4gd.png Fig. 6. Faces (Top) a collection of images of the same face in different poses with different missing parts. The support of the missing parts is unknown. (Middle) similarity group, visualized as a “registered” image. (Bottom) estimated template corresponding to the similarity group (“complete image”). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-face-evolution-top-evolution-of-the-complete-image-for-3k5ls5lc.png Fig. 7. Face evolution. (Top) evolution of the complete image for t = 0, . . . , 189. (Bottom) evolution of g5(µ) for t = 0, . . . , 189. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-hands-evolution-top-evolution-of-the-complete-shape-x3bn07gc.png Fig. 3. Hands Evolution. (Top) evolution of the complete shape for t = 0, . . . , 20. (Bottom) evolution of g2(µ) for t = 0, . . . , 20. https://scispace.com/papers/regional-approach-to-making-nitrogen-fertilizer-rate-pieegczx2s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-n-rate-fertilization-guidelines-for-sc-and-227qaws5.png Table 1. Example N rate fertilization guidelines for SC and CC in Iowa based on N:corn price ratios and economic return calculated by https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-return-to-n-from-121-iowa-corn-following-soybean-1w1qwuho.png Figure 1. Return to N from 121 Iowa corn following soybean site-years. The MRTN rate is indicated by the closed symbol and the N rates (HIGH and LOW) defining the ends of a range of similar profitability (within $1.00/acre of the MRTN) are indicated by the open symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-chance-of-n-rate-sufficiency-from-the-iowa-sc-and-28g3y0tv.png Figure 4. Chance of N rate sufficiency from the Iowa SC and CC datasets. The MRTN rate is indicated by the closed symbols and the N rates (HIGH and LOW) defining the range of similar profitability (within $1.00/acre of the MRTN) indicated by the open symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-geographic-location-and-density-of-n-response-trial-3kmx3ied.png Figure 2. Geographic location and density of N response trial sites. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-net-return-to-n-mrtn-and-profitable-n-rate-ranges-1qlk46jl.png Figure 3. Net return to N, MRTN, and profitable N rate ranges for SC and CC datasets from the four states. Corn grain price was held constant at $2.20/bu and N prices at $0.11, $0.22, $0.33, and $0.44/lb N give price ratios of 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/regional-deformation-and-offshore-crustal-local-faulting-as-442urj4lfx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7b-continued-39510cmx.png Figure 7c. (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-topographic-profile-11-see-profile-location-in-jnq8u4tv.png Figure 6. (a) Topographic Profile 11 (see profile location in Figure 2) showing paleoshoreline elevations predicted by synchronous correlation. (b) Paleoshoreline elevations through time relative to the sea level curves of Siddall et al. (2003). (c, d, and e) A synchronous correlation approach is applied driven by ages assigned to the submerged paleoshorelines in order to find the best match between “measured” and “predicted” elevations. Note that some sea level highstands like 175 and 217 ka are lower than the next younger highstand, suggesting they may well be overprinted, that is, removed by erosion during rising sea level during the subsequent highstand. (f) Table showing derived values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-coseismic-vertical-displacements-produced-by-the-1htw9kcf.png Figure 10. (a) Coseismic vertical displacements produced by the Western Fault suggested by half‐elastic space modeling. The results indicate the extent to which footwall uplift affects the coastline of the Hyblean Plateau (HP). The model shows a simulated earthquake of Mw7.05, produced if the entire length of the Western Fault (50 km) is ruptured with a slip at depth of 5.5 m, with a dip angle of 70°. (b) Assuming a recurrence interval of 500 yr, because shorter intervals are not supported by the historical earthquake record (see text for discussion of this value), the footwall uplift rate is <0.1 mm/yr, which does not explain the total uplift rate implied by our determinations based on the elevations of Late Quaternary palaeshorelines. The discrepancy between uplift rates produced by footwall uplift and the total measured uplift rate is indicated (double‐headed black arrow), and this may reveal the magnitudes of uplift rate produced by other processes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-and-b-field-photos-showing-the-geomorphology-of-2jl82s8r.png Figure 3. (a and b) Field photos showing the geomorphology of two successive paleoshorelines with mapped inner edges along Profile 8, shown in Figure 2. (c, d, and e) Field evidences are presented for a paleoshoreline, showing a scarp‐like paleocliff with the presence of lithophagid borings and an associated limestone‐made wave‐cut platform with presence of millholes confirming wave action. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-uplift-rates-obtained-results-from-this-paper-a-b-1fr1ilog.png Figure 11. Uplift rates obtained results from this paper (a, b) shown in the context of crustal thickening (c), the doming effects related to Etna (d), and horizontal GPS velocities (e). Higher values of uplift (a) and uplift rates (b) develop toward the north where deeper values of Moho discontinuity are mapped (c), higher values for uplift related to Etna (d), and lower values of horizontal GPS velocities approaching the thrust on the north side of the HP (e). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-of-synchronous-correlation-investigation-of-2qbmda32.png Figure 5. Results of synchronous correlation investigation of uplift rates. Root‐mean‐square deviation values are calculated for each topographic profile for all uplift scenarios from 0 to 1 mm/yr at intervals of 0.05 mm/yr in order to show the best fit between “measured” and “predicted” paleoshorelines elevations. The RMS values illustrate the misfit between measured and predicted paleoshoreline elevations during iteration of the uplift rate. The uplift rate with the lowest RMS misfit is preferred (refer to Figures 6 and 7 for visualization of individual profiles). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7a-profiles-showing-mapped-and-modeled-paleoshoreline-h7dub9yk.png Figure 7c. (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-b-and-c-tectonic-maps-and-cross-section-showing-3qroj0fp.png Figure 1. (a, b, and c) Tectonic maps and cross section showing Late Quaternary to present deformation for Sicily and Calabria. The light blue‐colored dashed square shows the investigated area lying in the HP. Black and purple dots show the location of historical earthquakes; yellow dots show values of Holocene uplift rates from Antonioli et al. (2006). In (b) a sketched cross section shows the seismicity distribution and the Moho discontinuity along the transect A‐B adapted from Chiarabba and Palano (2017). In (c) rates of uplift mapped within the Calabrian Arc domain are shown from Ferranti et al. (2006). VF: Vibo Fault; TrF: Tropea Fault; MF: Mileto Fault; SeF: Serre Fault; CoF: Coccorino Fault; SEF: Sant'Eufemia Fault; SF: Scilla Fault; CF: Cittanova Fault; AF: Armo Fault; RCF: Reggio Calabria Fault; MTF: Messina‐Taormina Fault; CDF; Capo D'Orlando Fault; WF: Western Fault; STTZ: Southern Tyrrhenian Thrust Zone; SLG: Scordia‐Lentini Graben; ME: Malta Escarpment. https://scispace.com/papers/regional-carbon-fluxes-and-the-effect-of-topography-on-the-12jy96viaw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-production-of-turbulent-kinetic-energy-by-a-wind-406060at.png Figure 3. Production of turbulent kinetic energy by (a) wind shear and (b) buoyancy in the morning (0600 LST) of the second day of the simulation. All contours in Figure 3b are negative, indicating consumption of TKE by buoyancy. The cross sections are drawn at 59.2 N. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-representation-error-as-a-function-of-the-distance-1vqa4fd2.png Figure 11. Representation error as a function of the distance, expressed as the standard deviation (y axis) of the CO2 field in a circle with a varying radius (x axis) at (a) 0800 LT, (b) 1400 LT, and (c) 2000 LT. The solid lines indicate the representation error at 47 m above the ground, the dashed lines represent the error at 296 m and the dotted lines indicate the error at 1545 m. The overlapping lines of identical style indicate t resentation error of the fine, middle and coarse grid. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-change-in-total-column-carbon-dioxide-content-on-34xp3qr9.png Figure 10. Change in total column carbon dioxide content on 16 July 1996 between 1400 and 2000 LST expressed as a surface flux in mmol m 2 s 1. The asterisks represent the locations where profile observations 1–6 by Lloyd et al. [2001] are taken. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cross-section-of-the-simulated-co2-concentration-2osqa55r.png Figure 4. Cross section of the simulated CO2 concentration field of the coarsest grid at (a) 1000 LST and (b) 1300 LST on 16 July 1996. The contours indicate concentration differences at 5 ppm intervals and the solid line represents the boundary layer height. The arrows indicate longitudinal and vertical ( 20) wind velocity, and a scale indication is shown in the top left. The surface topography is also shown. Note that the horizontal extent of the domain covers 864 km, so that the horizontal is much more compressed relative to the vertical. The cross sections are drawn at 59.2 N. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-and-b-same-as-figure-4-but-with-the-topography-1u5ghxll.png Figure 5. (a and b) Same as Figure 4 but with the topography reduced to 50% and 0% of the value in Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-simulated-profiles-of-co2-concentration-at-the-time-2j7pe1df.png Figure 9. Simulated profiles of CO2 concentration at the time and at the location closest to where Lloyd et al. [2001] performed observations. These profiles are obtained from a simulation, where the surface CO2 uptake is reduced by about 33% with respect to the standard stimulation in order to better match the surface fluxes observed by the eddy covariance system [Lloyd et al., 2001]. The triangles, squares and circles indicate the observed carbon dioxide concentrations using flasks at 0800 LST, 1330 LST and 1930 LS ectively (redrawn after Lloyd et al. [2001]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-selection-of-sites-where-cbl-budget-experiments-1xeo2sl6.png Table 2. A Selection of Sites Where CBL Budget Experiments Were Conducted, Sites With Tall Towers and Long-Term CO2 Concentration Monitoring Sites, With Their Distance to the Coast, the Height of the Station, and the 10- and 90-Percentile of Heights in the North, East, South and West Segments Extending 200 km From the Stationa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-correlation-between-the-carbon-dioxide-10tmvxqb.png Figure 12. Correlation between the carbon dioxide concentrations at the surface and at height z (scaled with the boundary layer height, Hbl) at (a) 0800, (b) 1400 and (c) 2000 LST. The r 2 for the coarse, medium and fine grid are indicated by the solid line, dashed line and the dotted line, respectively. The model results for 16 July 1996 are used, with a checkerboard field size of 27 27 km2. https://scispace.com/papers/regional-covid-19-spread-despite-expected-declines-how-1l7cvkik95 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-movement-and-population-differences-in-mitigation-295tr3a5.png Figure 1. Movement and population differences in mitigation timing reverses disease eradication efforts. Transmission dynamics in two populations follow a square-wave function alternating between increasing prevalence (r > 0; Rt > 1) and declining prevalence (r < 0; Rt < 1) with r̅ < 0 (average Rt over cycle < 1) (a) Pattern of transmission dynamics for (a) synchronous and (b) asynchronous populations. (c) Prevalence declines each cycle for synchronous populations, but (d) increases for asynchronous populations. Insets show long-term dynamics. Populations are identical except for timing of parameter shifts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-consequences-of-parrondos-paradox-for-disease-3s1dnmhb.png Figure 2. Consequences of Parrondo’s Paradox for disease outcomes. (a) Cumulative infections at the end of the epidemic, (b) peak infectious, and (c) total deaths at the end of the epidemic. Dynamics of (d) cumulative cases, (e) current infectious, and (f) cumulative deaths on short (main) and long (insets) timescales (dotted line not visible in insets due to comparatively small values). https://scispace.com/papers/regional-economic-structure-and-heterogeneous-effects-of-229tbc9kua 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-economic-and-financial-variables-by-1tmztu8x.png Table 1: Selected economic and financial variables by provinces https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-geographical-distribution-of-the-regional-inflation-2ex70nr7.png Figure 3: Geographical distribution of the regional inflation impact of a shock on policy rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-heterogeneity-response-of-province-inflation-to-a-2kyf5z9b.png Figure 2: Heterogeneity response of province inflation to a shock on policy rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-equations-evaluating-the-role-of-economic-5k6214sg.png Table 3: Estimated equations evaluating the role of economic structure on cross-province variation in monetary policy efficiency https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-equations-evaluating-the-role-of-economic-1t85e9io.png Table 2: Estimated equations evaluating the role of economic structure on cross-province variation in monetary policy impact https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-regional-inflation-relative-to-national-inflation-8ik9ur8u.png Figure 1: Regional inflation relative to national inflation. Note: Relative value = 1 means provincial inflation = national inflation at given period. https://scispace.com/papers/regional-geological-survey-of-hanggai-xianxia-and-chuancun-1te04814ks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-10-brief-nw-striking-faults-1z5zfu2p.png Table 4.10 Brief NW striking faults https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-57-primitive-mantle-normalized-spidergram-of-trace-c3wpcb1r.png Fig. 2.57 Primitive mantle-normalized spidergram of trace elements of K-bentonite (Sun and McDonoungh 1989) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-56-normalized-pattern-of-rare-earth-element-chondrite-3ug82g8q.png Fig. 2.56 Normalized pattern of rare-earth element chondrite of K-bentonite (Sun and McDonoungh 1989) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-44-87sr-86sr-i-end-t-and-87sr-86sr-i-t-ma-diagrams-of-2i55vw1d.png Fig. 3.44 (87Sr/86Sr)i–eNd (t) and (87Sr/86Sr)i–t(Ma) diagrams of intrusive rock and volcanic-intrusive rock (legends same as Fig. 3.42) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-81-continued-h4fhcf7n.png Fig. 3.81 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-93-second-member-of-huangjian-formation-k1h-2-profile-j0vszy3m.png Fig. 2.93 Second member of Huangjian Formation (K1h 2) profile in Tianmu Mount Scenic Area, Lin’an City, Zhejiang Province https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-7-summary-of-nw-trending-fold-features-in-the-3uw69ree.png Table 4.7 Summary of NW-trending fold features in the investigation area https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-80-sio2-na2o-k2o-for-volcanic-rocks-in-the-survey-area-337qva9y.png Fig. 3.80 SiO2–Na2O + K2O for volcanic rocks in the survey area https://scispace.com/papers/regional-excess-mortality-during-the-2020-covid-19-pandemic-h46kt2kxj6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-probability-that-the-relative-excess-deaths-is-higher-ggis3hj7.png Fig. 3: Probability that the relative excess deaths is higher than 0% across the different countries by NUTS3 region in 2020. The different panels show the probability that the relative excess deaths is higher than 0% in (clockwise) England, Greece, Italy, Spain and Switzerland in categories. Areas in blue indicate weak evidence of an increased relative excess, areas in white insufficient evidence, whereas areas in red strong evidence. The black solid lines correspond to the NUTS2 region borders. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-weekly-median-relative-excess-deaths-across-the-qa5qoubz.png Fig. 4: Weekly median relative excess deaths (%) across the different countries by NUTS2 region in 2020 (left) and corresponding probability that the weekly relative excess is larger than 0% (right). The first panel shows the weekly median relative excess deaths and posterior probability form England, the second for Greece, the third for Italy, the fourth for Spain and the fifth for Switzerland. Different shades of red on the left panels indicate higher relative excess mortality, whereas the white relative excess mortality lower than 0. The white colour on the right panel indicate insufficient evidence of a relative excess larger than 0%, whereas the red strong evidence. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-age-and-sex-specific-number-of-excess-and-observed-2o6jrteo.png Table 1: Age and sex-specific number of excess and observed deaths and population for 2020 by country of death. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-posterior-distribution-of-relative-excess-deaths-2bt2555k.png Fig. 1: Posterior distribution of relative excess deaths (%) across the different countries by NUTS2 region and sex in 2020. The first panel shows the posterior of relative excess deaths in the different NUTS2 regions in England, the second in Greece, the third in Italy, the fourth in Spain and the last in Switzerland. The red line highlight the 0% relative excess deaths, which mean no observed difference in the 2020 mortality compared to the counterfactual scenario that the pandemic did not occur. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-median-relative-excess-deaths-across-the-different-37thednp.png Fig. 2: Median relative excess deaths (%) across the different countries by NUTS3 region in 2020. The different panels show the median relative excess deaths in (clockwise) England, Greece, Italy, Spain and Switzerland in categories. Areas in blue indicate areas that observed less deaths than expected had the pandemic not occurred, whereas the different shades of red indicate the higher relative excess mortality. The black solid lines correspond to the NUTS2 region borders. https://scispace.com/papers/regional-land-eco-security-evaluation-for-the-mining-city-of-1r3iodq068 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-closeness-degree-under-different-parameters-1t2te99l.png Table 4. Closeness degree under different parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-positive-and-negative-ideal-solutions-for-euclidean-c9vn115h.png Table 3. Positive and negative ideal solutions for Euclidean distance and Grey relational degree. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-map-of-regional-land-eco-security-distribution-on-122k94ys.png Figure 3. Map of regional land eco-security distribution on Daye. The ESI is classified as: very low (<0.101), low (0.101 < ESI < 0.112), moderate (0.112 < ESI < 0.125), high (0.125 < ESI < 0.151), and very high (>0.151). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-map-of-regional-land-eco-security-distribution-on-2hfzvarf.png Figure 3. Map of regional land eco-security distribution on Daye. The ESI is classified as: very low (<0.101), low (0.101 < ESI < 0.112), moderate (0.112 < ESI < 0.125), high (0.125 < ESI < 0.151), and very high (>0.151). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-land-use-map-of-daye-city-and-its-sub-regions-1ldfzs16.png Figure 1. Land use map of Daye City and its sub-regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-carrying-capacity-of-land-resources-under-the-3fmdm44a.png Figure 4. Carrying capacity of land resources under the ecological constraint for each sub-region in Daye. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-population-carrying-capacity-under-the-constraint-2v80jedm.png Figure 5. Population carrying capacity under the constraint of ecological land use for each sub-region in Daye City. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-indicator-system-of-regional-land-eco-security-on-1b5vj7my.png Table 1. Indicator system of regional land eco-security on the Daye area. https://scispace.com/papers/regional-observatories-of-development-policy-as-a-tool-for-3quc7ze6u7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proposed-range-of-collected-data-on-each-regionally-juimcrie.png Table 1. Proposed range of collected data on each regionally implemented project https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-regional-development-policy-observatories-module-2qpg5jn0.png Figure 1. Regional Development Policy Observatories Module Diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-regional-investor-service-centres-1zp4umd5.png Figure 2. Distribution of regional investor service centres in Poland Source: <www.paiz.gov.pl> https://scispace.com/papers/regional-linkages-through-european-research-funding-1ekrt4qeak 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-regional-quality-of-the-network-284jyg5g.png Table 3: Average regional quality of the network https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-characteristics-of-the-regions-in-europe-with-2lwp8w84.png Table 9: Characteristics of the Regions in Europe with participants in the BRITE/EURAM program 1990 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-eigenvalues-of-the-correlation-matrix-of-the-34u7rn4r.png Table 10: Eigenvalues of the Correlation Matrix of the original data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2g2r305m.png Figure 1: https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-iterative-clustering-procedure-150ehuqi.png Table 12: Iterative clustering procedure https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regional-quality-of-the-main-contractor-3rlfsbzw.png Table 2: Regional quality of the main contractor https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-cost-of-the-projects-2mnj4j4e.png Table 7: Cost of the projects https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-summary-characteristics-of-the-clusters-32c6m3g6.png Table 8: Summary characteristics of the clusters https://scispace.com/papers/regional-modis-analysis-of-abandoned-agricultural-lands-in-5bsu404vy2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-spring-wheat-study-regions-in-northern-3e407q5j.png Figure 1. (A) The spring wheat study regions in Northern Kazakhstan are indicated by a black line. (B) Spring wheat phenology from two MODIS NDVI pixels observed in the Kazakh Forest Steppe and the Kazakh Steppe. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-the-intercept-increases-from-about-0-07-to-about-2qbh8tng.png Figure 2. (A): the intercept increases from about 0.07 to about 0.24, while the amount of AGDD necessary to reach the peak NDVI decreases from about 1550 to about 1495 (55 GDD). (B): the intercept increase from about 0.07 to about 0.33, while the amount of AGDD necessary to reach the top NDVI decrease from about 1513 to about 1370 (140 GDD). https://scispace.com/papers/regional-perturbations-in-a-global-background-model-of-4lnckdrmnn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-elastic-t-0-s-e-left-and-viscoelastic-t-0-s-total-rr0zmzau.png Fig. 2. Elastic (t = 0 s, ’E ’, left) and viscoelastic (t > 0 s, total response minus response at t = 0 s, ’VE ’, right) response for the SP and FE model (a, b) and a deep model (lower mantle to 10,000 km), and shallow models using infinite elements for the lower mantle, or using dashpots for the lower mantle (c, d) https://scispace.com/papers/regional-redistribution-through-the-us-mortgage-market-2r35v1vvhw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-7-sensitivity-to-regional-economic-variation-and-3gy7lzb1.png Table A-7: Sensitivity to Regional Economic Variation and Alternative Calibrations https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-6-sensitivity-to-mortgage-contracts-and-housing-5twz7uza.png Table A-6: Sensitivity to Mortgage Contracts and Housing Transaction Costs https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-one-time-consumption-equivalent-necessary-to-accept-1zok6xs1.png Table 7: One-Time Consumption Equivalent Necessary to Accept Region-Specific Rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-one-time-consumption-equivalent-necessary-to-accept-17hwikux.png Table 8: One-Time Consumption Equivalent Necessary to Accept Region-Specific Rates, by Age and Income https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-life-cycle-profiles-model-simulation-vs-39bciti4.png Figure 5: Average Life Cycle Profiles: Model Simulation vs. Data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-3-relationship-between-interest-rates-and-regional-3ltep77f.png Figure A-3: Relationship between Interest Rates and Regional Risk, LoanSifter data https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-sensitivity-to-different-values-of-phr-9fskky3y.png Table 9: Sensitivity to Different Values of φr https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-2-relationship-between-ltv-ratio-and-regional-risk-2c6nrtmp.png Figure A-2: Relationship between LTV Ratio and Regional Risk https://scispace.com/papers/regional-scale-patterns-in-harbour-porpoise-occupancy-of-3cfsnmr7wc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spatial-variation-in-mean-water-depth-depth-m-2vgq4wkh.png Figure 5: Spatial variation in mean water depth (Depth: m), averaged per site, between the 10th and 24th June 2016 in Anglesey, U.K. Values were sourced from simulation models. Also shown are the zones used to divide and quantify observation effort during shore-based surveys of harbour porpoise. The black point indicates the location of the vantage point used in these surveys. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-temporal-variation-across-the-diurnal-tidal-cycle-l9gs9yfj.png Figure 6: Temporal variation (across the diurnal tidal cycle) in the probability of detecting a harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena in a cell between the 10th and 24th June 2016 within Anglesey, U.K. Cells are 100m x 100 m resolution. The dashed grey line indicates the time of low tide. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-locations-of-the-four-sites-used-for-shore-2z0hu6th.png Figure 1: The locations of the four sites used for shore-based surveys between the 10th and 24th June 2016 in Anglesey, UK. The location of Anglesey in the UK is shown by a black box. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-zones-used-to-divide-and-quantify-observation-1zki50ed.png Figure 2: The zones used to divide and quantify observation effort in shore-based surveys between the 10th and 24th June 2016 in Anglesey, UK. Black points represent the locations of vantage points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spatial-variation-in-mean-current-speeds-spd-ms-1-1h57p3up.png Figure 3: Spatial variation in mean current speeds (Spd: ms-1), averaged per tidal state and site, between the 10th and 24th June 2016 in Anglesey, U.K. Values were sourced from simulation models. Also shown are the zones used to divide and quantify observation effort during shorebased surveys of harbour porpoise. The black point indicates the location of the vantage point used in these surveys. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-modelled-probability-of-detecting-a-harbour-1r2zksi6.png Figure 8: The modelled probability of detecting a harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena in a cell as a function of simulated hydrodynamic characteristics (Spd: current speed, SpdG: current speed gradient, Depth: water depth; MaxSpd: maximum current speed) within Anglesey, U.K. Hydrodynamic characteristics were standardised per site by mean centring values. Cells are 100m x 100 m resolution. Relationships were quantified using generalized linear models (GLM) with a binomial distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-spatial-variation-in-the-probability-of-detecting-a-e6ehdvft.png Figure 7: Spatial variation in the probability of detecting a harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena in a cell between the 10th and 24th June 2016 within Anglesey, U.K. Cells are 100m x 100 m resolution. The black point indicates the location of the vantage point used in shorebased surveys. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spatial-variation-in-mean-current-speed-gradients-1r9ylvu8.png Figure 4: Spatial variation in mean current speed gradients (SpdG: ms-1), averaged per tidal state and site, between the 10th and 24th June 2016 in Anglesey, U.K. Values were sourced from simulation models. Also shown are the zones used to divide and quantify observation effort during shore-based surveys of harbour porpoise. The black point indicates the location of the vantage point used in these surveys. https://scispace.com/papers/regional-treatment-intensity-as-an-instrument-for-the-6ik6zeau5f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-simulation-designs-2b1q96ld.png Table A.1 Simulation designs https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-2-aggregated-treatment-effect-for-compliers-3vd1va32.png Table D.2: Aggregated treatment effect for compliers, Selection A https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-minimum-quotas-and-number-of-unemployed-3a3i7qop.png Table 2.1: Minimum quotas and number of unemployed https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-sample-selection-50158hcx.png Table B.1: Sample selection https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-5-scenario-4-2-2-2-6499-ua-bs-s-s-wtdc042k.png Table A.5: Scenario 4: ( ) ( )2 2 2, , 64,9,9=uα βσ σ σ https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-2-descriptive-statistics-means-of-shares-c3t45sj5.png Table B.2: Descriptive statistics (Means of shares) https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-commuting-times-by-car-between-regional-employment-13bf8qz9.png Table C.1: Commuting times by car between regional employment offices (in minutes) https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-3-inverse-of-covariance-matrix-for-aggregated-2x81zcb6.png Table D.3: Inverse of covariance matrix for aggregated treatment effect for compliers, Selection A https://scispace.com/papers/regional-scale-seismic-fragility-assessment-based-on-1kpd0bu022 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-description-of-the-surrogate-model-approach-qx7ydhh9.png Figure 1: Description of the surrogate model approach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-predicted-vs-observed-error-for-the-four-test-3blz598q.png Figure 6: Predicted vs observed error for the four test buildings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-geometry-of-the-archetype-building-3g6th9kq.png Figure 2: Geometry of the archetype building. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pre-code-transverse-direction-gp-for-the-ds2-1xz8xja9.png Figure 5: Pre-Code, transverse direction GP for the DS2 fragility median based on full time-history. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-building-parameters-for-the-test-cases-1iek6jgm.png Table 3: Building parameters for the test cases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-adopted-structural-details-2h8l232m.png Table 1: Adopted structural details. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-design-of-experiment-3hrej4m4.png Table 2: Design of experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-transverse-analysis-results-for-the-pre-code-di-4-5390jlga.png Figure 4: Transverse analysis results for the Pre-Code, 𝐿di-4.5m, 𝑓i-380MPa, 𝑓m-24MPa building realisation. https://scispace.com/papers/regioselective-carbyne-transfer-to-ring-opening-alkyne-21i43xtuyw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-molecular-weight-analysis-of-poly-7a-e-1gv6z5d1.png Table 2. Molecular weight analysis of poly-7a-e. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-product-distribution-of-the-organic-fraction-2u82f8ak.png Table 1. Product distribution of the organic fraction resulting from the reaction of 1 with 2a-c determined by GCMS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-single-crystal-x-ray-structures-of-4b-thermal-2f4ge1cb.png Figure 1. Single-crystal X-ray structures of 4b. Thermal ellipsoids are drawn at the 40% probability level. Color coding: C (gray), O (red), F (green), Mo (turquoise), N (blue), S (yellow). Hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-single-crystal-x-ray-structures-of-4c-thermal-1fomnr0p.png Figure 3. Single-crystal X-ray structures of 4c. Thermal ellipsoids are drawn at the 40% probability level. Color coding: C (gray), O (red), F (green), Mo (turquoise), N (blue). Hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-19f-nmr-spectroscopy-of-crude-reaction-mixtures-1rfnnl1j.png Figure 2. 19F NMR spectroscopy of crude reaction mixtures following the reaction of 1 with 2 equiv 2c (564 MHz, 24 °C in C6D6, sealed NMR tube). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-maldi-tof-mass-spectra-of-isolated-poly-7c-b-sec-7rr2ktc5.png Figure 4. A) MALDI-TOF mass spectra of isolated poly-7c. B) SEC traces showing the chain extension of macroinitiator poly-7e (red) to give poly-7e15-block-eCL75 (blue); calibrated to polystyrene standards. https://scispace.com/papers/regions-as-primary-political-communities-a-multi-level-b3i0kv0pha 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-predicted-probability-of-voting-by-cross-level-3bmp7tdq.png Figure 1: Predicted probability of voting, by cross-level interaction terms https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-multi-level-model-of-turnout-in-regional-elections-28j5mkfk.png Table 1: A multi-level model of turnout in regional elections https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predicted-probability-of-voting-by-age-individual-19tuzyuw.png Figure 2: Predicted probability of voting, by age, individual identity and aggregate identity https://scispace.com/papers/registration-of-reactions-occurring-from-the-emergence-of-a-5ezoqj0lvk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-recording-of-the-emee-signal-change-for-9-min-the-2sv45kz7.png Fig. 4. Recording of the EMEE signal change for 9 min. The layer on the sensor surface contains the avian coronavirus. An arrow indicates the moment when a 10 µl sample from the IBV-IgG negative control serum is added. The signal is recorded at an interval of 0.001 min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-recording-of-the-emee-signal-variation-for-7-minutes-2um7rsuj.png Fig. 3. Recording of the EMEE signal variation for 7 minutes. The layer on the sensor surface contains the avian coronavirus. An arrow indicates the moment when a 10 µl sample from the IBVIgG positive control serum is added. The signal is recorded at an interval of 0.001 min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-block-diagram-of-the-experimental-system-for-virus-15e7ikfa.png Fig. 2. A block diagram of the experimental system for virus detection https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-possible-arrangement-of-an-emee-based-sensor-for-57lsrgb0.png Fig. 1. Possible arrangement of an EMEE - based sensor for viruses: S – solid substrate; L – contact layer; I – solid-liquid interface, generating the signal; E – electrode. https://scispace.com/papers/registration-of-3d-facial-surfaces-using-covariance-matrix-5bbq4nux3a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-covariance-matrix-pyramid-1ttcvh4k.png Fig. 2: Covariance matrix pyramid. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-average-distance-d-between-the-position-of-2xstkmh9.png TABLE II: Average distance d̄ between the position of landmarks estimated by the registration method and their true position (2516 faces with 22 landmarks). The distances are normalized to the height of the reference face. Our method with (N = 10, M = 100) could decrease the average distance by 31% compared to a registration with the KLT feature tracker [6] as suggested in [4]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-some-3d-faces-from-the-testing-database-a-shows-the-2w43srw7.png Fig. 5: Some 3D faces from the testing database. (a) shows the face that has been used as reference face with landmarks. (b) shows faces from the database with the landmarks found by our registration method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-distance-d-and-computation-time-t-per-face-15tx3n4p.png Fig. 4: Average distance d̄ and computation time t per face against number of iterations M for N = 5 particles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-average-d-and-variance-s2-of-the-distances-di-2vo2xj3t.png TABLE I: Average d̄ and variance σ2 of the distances di between the position of landmarks estimated by our method (N = 5, M = 20) and their true position for 2760 faces each with 22 landmarks. The distances are normalized to the height of the reference face. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-distance-d-and-computation-time-t-per-face-2fl0rwca.png Fig. 3: Average distance d̄ and computation time t per face against number of particles N for M = 40 iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-3d-facial-surface-a-is-mapped-into-the-2d-plane-b-2delg2od.png Fig. 1: The 3D facial surface (a) is mapped into the 2D plane (b) and subsequently 10 channels are computed (c). https://scispace.com/papers/registration-and-tracking-to-integrate-x-ray-and-mr-images-30jpz2jrs4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xmr-suite-at-guys-hospital-london-u-k-the-change-in-2r8zps0m.png Fig. 1. XMR suite at Guy’s Hospital, London, U.K. The change in the floor color indicates the transition from the MRI zone to the non-MRI zone. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relationship-between-coordinate-systems-and-g608pmxy.png Fig. 2. Relationship between coordinate systems and transformation matrices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-case-1-bi-plane-x-ray-views-of-catheter-in-the-right-2oywhwrr.png Fig. 8. Case 1. Bi-plane X-ray views of catheter in the right pulmonary artery and two views of the surface rendering of the right side of the heart derived from the MR images and the catheter reconstructed using the registered bi-plane X-rays views. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-x-ray-view-of-the-calibration-object-with-ball-bearing-3axyqdpa.png Fig. 3. X-ray view of the calibration object with ball bearing markers installed. The crosses show the location of the markers found manually. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-rendering-derived-from-the-mr-volume-scan-of-the-1jiy2vaz.png Fig. 4. (a) Rendering derived from the MR volume scan of the calibration object. The bottle used for loading is also displayed. (b) X-ray view of the calibration object used for the point-based validation experiment. The contour-traced MR MIP generated using the registration matrix is also shown. FOV= 23 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-case-2-surface-rendering-of-the-right-side-of-the-2iaziq63.png Fig. 10. Case 2. Surface rendering of the right side of the heart derived from the MR images incorporating the three reconstructed catheters and the basket catheter shown as a sphere. (a) AP, (b) Oblique, and (c) PA views. https://scispace.com/papers/registration-of-the-chickpea-germplasm-phrec-ca-comp-1-with-gjzpgqecak 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-days-to-harvest-of-the-chickpea-germplasm-phrec-ca-2sk4uh0q.png Table 4. Days to harvest of the chickpea germplasm PHREC-Ca-Comp. #1 and four cultivars evaluated at three irrigated and two dryland environments in western https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-severity-of-ascochyta-blight-in-the-chickpea-17acpskk.png Table 1. Severity of Ascochyta blight in the chickpea germplasm PHREC-Ca-Comp. #1 and four cultivars evaluated at six irrigated environments in western Nebraska from 2004 to 2009. https://scispace.com/papers/registration-of-transcranial-magnetic-stimulation-a-45qgv9myra 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-scalp-surface-with-digitized-points-for-the-ca2dp42y.png Fig. 1. Left: scalp surface with digitized points for the registration; Right the magnet position and orientation https://scispace.com/papers/regression-based-d-optimality-experimental-design-for-sparse-2a9n9o1and 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-decision-boundary-of-the-rsde-estimator-19-for-the-1xqf2av5.png Fig. 14. Decision boundary of the RSDE estimator [19] for the two-class twodimensional classification example, where circles represent the class-1 training data and crosses the class-0 training data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-decision-boundary-of-the-previous-skd-estimator-24-o4ajrm8e.png Fig. 12. Decision boundary of the previous SKD estimator [24] for the two-class two-dimensional classification example, where circles represent the class-1 training data and crosses the class-0 training data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-decision-boundary-of-the-proposed-skd-estimator-for-srbjk6pt.png Fig. 13. Decision boundary of the proposed SKD estimator for the two-class twodimensional classification example, where circles represent the class-1 training data and crosses the class-0 training data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-decision-boundary-of-the-gmm-estimator-for-the-two-32b1bujs.png Fig. 15. Decision boundary of the GMM estimator for the two-class twodimensional classification example, where circles represent the class-1 training data and crosses the class-0 training data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-comparison-of-the-pw-estimator-previous-sw48ubcn.png Table 1 Performance comparison of the PW estimator, previous SKD estimator [24], proposed SKD estimator, RSDE estimator [19] and GMM estimator for the one-dimensional example of eight-Gaussian mixture over 200 runs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-pw-estimate-solid-in-comparison-with-the-true-1m9tlwzd.png Fig. 1. A PW estimate (solid) in comparison with the true density (dashed) for the one-dimensional example of eight-Gaussian mixture. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-performance-comparison-of-the-pw-estimator-previous-11dioamm.png Table 4 Performance comparison of the PW estimator, previous SKD estimator [24], proposed SKD estimator, RSDE estimator [19] and GMM estimator for the two-dimensional example of five-Gaussian mixture over 100 runs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-decision-boundary-of-the-pw-estimator-for-the-two-2b23cayt.png Fig. 11. Decision boundary of the PW estimator for the two-class two-dimensional classification example, where circles represent the class-1 training data and crosses the class-0 training data. https://scispace.com/papers/regression-based-regression-free-and-model-free-approaches-4bd1or1g3t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-finite-sample-consistency-factors-cn-for-achieving-3g4x5f1t.png Table 1: Finite sample consistency factors cn for achieving unbiasedness at normal samples of size n ∈ {20, 50}. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-4-average-root-mean-squared-error-rmse-of-the-online-3jrppkwi.png Table A.4: Average root mean squared error RMSE of the online scale estimators for time series with AR(1) errors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-average-root-mean-squared-error-rmse-of-the-online-2nzv5atf.png Table A.3: Average root mean squared error RMSE of the online scale estimators for time series with normal errors and a linearly changing scale σt = t. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-5-average-root-mean-squared-error-rmse-of-the-online-216zvyl3.png Table A.5: Average root mean squared error RMSE of the online scale estimators for time series with GARCH(1,1) errors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-average-root-mean-squared-error-rmse-of-the-online-10f3kbm4.png Table A.2: Average root mean squared error RMSE of the online scale estimators for time series with normal errors and a scale shift from σt = 1 to σt = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-average-root-mean-squared-error-rmse-of-the-online-1o09p8fo.png Table A.1: Average root mean squared error RMSE of the online scale estimators for time series with standard normal errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sequence-of-1000-rr-interval-lengths-in-msec-top-18mxxi4l.png Figure 6: Sequence of 1000 RR interval lengths in msec (top left panel) with corresponding online scale estimates based on the window width n = 20. The top right panel shows the non-robust scale estimates, the bottom panels display the robust scales. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-mean-bias-mb-left-and-average-root-mean-31mxecpy.png Figure 2: Average mean bias MB (left) and average root mean squared error RMSE (right) for the settings with contaminated normal errors where the contamination comes from a N(d, 12) or N(0, d2) distribution, respectively, for the window width n = 50. https://scispace.com/papers/regression-and-kriging-metamodels-with-their-experimental-57zlyobtiz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-one-sixteenth-fractional-factorial-design-for-1o9itljm.png Table 1: A one-sixteenth fractional factorial design for seven inputs https://scispace.com/papers/regression-discontinuity-designs-based-on-population-kf2lvpb828 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-mccrary-sorting-tests-82b1qnm0.png Table 2: Summary of McCrary sorting tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-of-crossing-threshold-on-covariates-italy-1ypxyns5.png Table 3: “Effects” of crossing threshold on covariates (Italy) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sorting-in-municipal-population-in-german-states-3dxrpz1e.png Figure 4: Sorting in municipal population in German states, 1998-2007 pooled https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-issues-with-bin-size-and-discrete-values-in-mccrary-36vnt4tt.png Figure 9: Issues with bin size and discrete values in McCrary tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sorting-in-municipal-population-in-italy-1961-2001-21vzdzty.png Figure 3: Sorting in municipal population in Italy, 1961-2001 pooled https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sorting-over-time-in-france-at-the-500-1000-and-kvl4zk6a.png Figure 5: Sorting over time in France at the 500, 1,000, and 1,500 population thresholds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-best-case-scenario-for-addressing-manipulative-13wwkqxk.png Figure 6: Best case scenario for addressing manipulative sorting with covariate adjustment Imbalance in X due to sorting https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-rdd-studies-using-population-thresholds-1rkqc4f4.png Table 4: RDD studies using population thresholds https://scispace.com/papers/regret-aversion-and-annuity-risk-in-defined-contribution-4w44q92tv8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-return-summary-statistics-3bafcxg8.png Table 2 Return summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-changes-in-hedging-portfolio-holdings-this-figure-38tk492u.png Fig. 3. Changes in hedging portfolio holdings. This figure displays the effect of a change in three and four year bond holdings due to a rise in interest rate from 2% to 11%. We consider a fixed time to maturity of three years and fixed minimum interest rate of 2% Option prices are expressed in a percentage of wealth at the option issuance date, for both men and women. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-changes-in-interest-rate-volatility-this-figure-28uxesp6.png Fig. 2. Changes in interest rate volatility. This figure displays the effect of a change interest rate volatility on the option price. Option prices are expressed in a percentage of wealth at the option issuance date, for both men and women. Prices are provided for volatilities ranging from 50% to 150% of the estimated volatility. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-var-estimation-results-lslcpqpy.png Table 3 VAR estimation results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-variation-in-option-design-this-figure-displays-the-3e7aacnf.png Fig. 4. Variation in option design. This figure displays the effect of a change in option design. Option prices are expressed in a percentage of wealth at the option issuance date, for both men and women. Prices are provided for the base option (3 year lookback life annuity) and an Asian option and Guaranteed Rate option with equal characteristics. Conversion rates of 5% and 6% are guaranteed in the Guaranteed Rate option. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-variation-in-time-to-maturity-this-figure-displays-the-cvozmdpn.png Fig. 5. Variation in time to maturity. This figure displays the effect of a change in time to maturity. Option prices are expressed in a percentage of wealth at the option issuance date, for both men and women. Prices are provided for the lookback life annuity option with times to maturity of respectively 2 year, 3 year (base), 4 and 5 year. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-variation-in-initial-rate-this-figure-displays-the-3fbcpejs.png Fig. 6. Variation in initial rate. This figure displays the effect of a change in initial conversion rate. Option prices are expressed in a percentage of wealth at the option issuance date, for both men and women. Prices are provided for the base option (3 year lookback life annuity with initial rate of 4.42%) and for a lookback life annuity option with initial rates of 4%, 5% and 6% respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-variation-in-asset-allocation-this-figure-displays-the-gkx3o8p9.png Fig. 7. Variation in asset allocation. This figure displays the effect of a change in asset allocation. Option prices are expressed in a percentage of wealth at the option issuance date, for both men and women. Prices are provided for the base option (3 year lookback life annuity with equal allocation in the three investment categories (stocks, two-year bond and 10 year bond)) and for a lookback life annuity option with investments restricted to one of the three categories. https://scispace.com/papers/regular-characters-of-groups-of-type-an-over-discrete-2p3zaqf63l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cg8kg1dg.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-odd-case-2m-1-1ydjonx9.png Figure 3. Odd case = 2m+ 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-even-case-2m-2me7kr64.png Figure 2. Even case = 2m https://scispace.com/papers/regular-language-constrained-sequence-alignment-revisited-220u76bdwx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-efficiency-comparison-of-different-data-structures-as-2gvxsdoe.png FIG. 7. Efficiency comparison of different data structures as a function of NFA density. The simulation was repeated for number of states, t¼ 20, 40, 100, 160, each containing 100 randomly generated NFAs with t states and their corresponding data structures. Blue diamond, heuristic Steiner minimal directed tree; black square, SLP Four-Russians construction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-an-example-of-a-four-russians-based-slp-construction-7vac1fl4.png FIG. 6. (a) An example of a Four Russians based SLP construction, before trimming. (b) An example of a trimmed Four Russians based SLP. https://scispace.com/papers/regular-relations-for-temporal-propositions-1iqt2jc4j8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-basic-notions-from-an-intension-function-i-ph-2ghxuc2a.png Table 1. Basic notions from an intension function I[ϕ]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-some-regular-notions-given-a-regular-language-l-and-3lsfep7j.png Table 2. Some regular notions given a regular language L and relation R. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparing-information-content-modulo-p-1enmr94z.png Table 4. Comparing information content modulo π. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparing-information-content-kleg0p8s.png Table 3. Comparing information content https://scispace.com/papers/regularized-discriminative-clustering-4cpva6k0ak 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-vq-regularized-discriminative-clustering-dc-9a2tnmxy.png Figure 1: The VQ-regularized discriminative clustering (DC) model of (7) makes a compromise between the plain DC and ordinary K-means (VQ). From the viewpoint of plain DC (λVQ=0; left), only the vertical dimension is relevant as the distribution of the binary auxiliary data c was made to change monotonically and only in that direction. A compromise representation for the data is found at λVQ=0.02 (middle). The algorithm turns into ordinary VQ when λVQ→∞ (right). Circles denote the Voronoi region centroids {mj} and gray shades the density p(x). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-the-optimization-algorithms-cg-2tnxz2au.png Table 2: Comparison of the optimization algorithms. CG: Smoothing with conjugate gradients; SA: simulated annealing. Key: see Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-effect-of-tuning-the-vq-regularization-on-the-cka62l0e.png Figure 2: The effect of tuning the VQ-regularization on the two components of the cost: K-means cost (EVQ) and predictive power (eqn 3; MAPDC), on clusters found from the TIMIT data. Small dots on the curves: VQ-regularized DCs with varying parameter λVQ ; large dots from left to right: plain DC, MDA2, mixture of Gaussians (MoG), plain K-means (VQ); solid line: test set; dashed line: learning set. Results are averages over cross-validation runs, and for computational reasons the parameter σ of the DC runs was not cross-validated but kept constant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-discriminative-clustering-dc-and-its-w7aimbb8.png Table 1: Comparison of discriminative clustering (DC) and its regularized versions DC-VQ (7), DC-MoG ((7) with mixture of Gaussians model), and DC-EQ (4) on two data sets, Letter Recognition and TIMIT. Best posterior probability (3); significantly worse (t-test, p < 0.01) almost significantly worse (p < 0.05). Mixture https://scispace.com/papers/regularization-of-instabilities-in-gravity-theories-3brqtwfh7z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-structure-of-a-1-81-m-arnowitt-deser-misner-adm-3p9kri49.png FIG. 1. The structure of a 1.81 M⊙ Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) mass NS with HB EOS [22] that is scalarized through a ghost instability for mϕ ¼ 1.6 × 10−12 eV and β∂ ¼ 6.7× 10−7 km−2. ~r ¼ Ar is the radius in Jordan frame. The cusp is clearly visible at ~r ≈ 10 km. The sudden change in ~ρ before the cusp at ~r ≈ 9 km is not a cusp; derivatives of the TOV variables are large but finite at this point. https://scispace.com/papers/regularized-partial-least-squares-with-an-application-to-nmr-1gz9yngma8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sparse-non-negative-gpls-loadings-and-sample-pls-2xntnv2a.png Fig. 1. Sparse non-negative GPLS loadings and sample PLS heatmaps for the neural cell NMR data. The loadings are superimposed on the mean scaled spectral intensities for each class of neural cells. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-first-two-pls-and-sparse-pls-4-loadings-and-sample-183ojojy.png Fig. 2. The first two PLS and Sparse PLS [4] loadings and sample PLS heatmaps for the neural cell NMR data. The loadings are superimposed on the mean scaled spectral intensities for each class of neural cells. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.] https://scispace.com/papers/regularized-perturbative-series-for-the-ionization-potential-4ftjubc6t0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-same-as-fig-1-for-ni-n-28-left-panels-12falr41.png FIG. 2. (Color online) The same as Fig. 1 for Ni- (N = 28, left panels) and Cu-like (N = 29, right panels) ions. In the N = 28 system, we find inconsistencies at Z = 42, 74, and 79, whereas for N = 29 small deviations at Z = 70, and 79 are noticed. Relativistic effects are significant for Cu-like ions at large Z values, in which the last electron occupies a 4s orbital. https://scispace.com/papers/regulating-advertising-quantity-is-this-policy-efficient-29q6wnp80z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-variations-of-ad-prices-and-quantities-1plw4buv.png Table 4: The variations of ad-prices and -quantities https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-list-of-tv-channels-lue7l9ct.png Table 3: List of TV channels https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-demand-of-tv-viewers-1gm6ywl6.png Table 5: Demand of TV viewers https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-demand-of-advertisers-by-raysman-approach-1rim54en.png Table 9: Demand of advertisers by Raysman approach https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-advertising-quantities-by-tv-1qasp7cx.png Figure 4: Distribution of advertising quantities by TV channel and by hour https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ad-prices-1b9ihke4.png Figure 3: Ad prices https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-counterfactual-equilibrium-level-of-ad-quantities-2dyozxve.png Figure 5: Counterfactual equilibrium level of ad quantities by TV channel https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-counterfactual-equilibrium-level-of-ad-prices-by-tv-1xds4kiy.png Figure 6: Counterfactual equilibrium level of ad prices by TV channel https://scispace.com/papers/regularized-query-classification-using-search-click-54jtfyel1s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-query-distribution-in-144-categories-1oiga0co.png Fig. 2. The query distribution in 144 categories. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-query-classification-results-by-using-search-click-1vrggt0a.png Fig. 4. The query classification results by using search click information. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-query-classification-results-without-using-search-2v8ywdhj.png Fig. 3. The query classification results without using search click information. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-web-search-results-of-apple-juice-and-apple-computer-1m4z0x9o.png Table 1 Web search results of “Apple Juice” and “Apple Computer” https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-query-classification-results-12ud95d0.png Table 2 Query classification results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-query-taxonomy-used-in-our-experiments-3gktdxx4.png Fig. 1. Query taxonomy used in our experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/regularizing-aperiodic-cycles-of-resonant-radiation-in-24d4t85a2p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-spectrogram-of-the-on-axis-temporal-intensity-3g6fm0mg.png FIG. 3. (a) Spectrogram of the on-axis temporal intensity profile at z ¼ 3 cm (for more details, see Supplemental Material [54]). White dashed lines: Fit according to Eq. (2) of branches I–VI. (b) Inverse group velocity for an increasing electron density. (c) ZDW frequency vs the free electron density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pulse-dynamics-for-a-lower-peak-power-for-different-23fdh6ch.png FIG. 2. Pulse dynamics for a lower peak power for different wavelengths and dispersion profiles. (a) On-axis temporal intensity profile for a 5.6 μJ pulse at 1800 nm, the model with full dispersion. (b) Train of light bullets at z ¼ 7 mm. (c),(d) The same as (a),(b) but with reduced parabolic dispersion. (e),(f) The same as (a),(b) but for a 7 μJ pulse at 2000 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-frequency-of-rr-according-to-eq-3-vs-the-electron-36cg1ef8.png FIG. 4. (a) Frequency of RR according to Eq. (3) vs the electron density, for Δk ¼ 0 and k⊥ ¼ 0. (b) Fourier-Hankel transform of Eðr; tÞ at z ¼ 19.2mm. Black dashed lines: MI gain curves for ρ ¼ 0 and Δk ¼ 20 and 150 cm−1. Red dashed line: hyperbolic component of the curve for electron density 8.3 × 1018 cm−3 and Δk ¼ 20 cm−1. https://scispace.com/papers/regulating-damage-clauses-in-labor-contracts-20p5mnwifi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-payoffs-9tt35stn.png Table 1: Payoffs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-the-optimal-contract-yyxo6v9d.png Figure 2: Illustration of the optimal contract https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relevant-parameter-regions-for-u-r-26skrnqq.png Figure 3: Relevant Parameter Regions for (U, r) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sequence-of-events-1k72oqv7.png Figure 1: Sequence of Events https://scispace.com/papers/regulation-and-the-high-cost-of-housing-in-california-46qyr07ey0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-iv-estimates-of-the-housing-supply-elasticity-for-2oijfjpz.png TABLE 3—IV ESTIMATES OF THE HOUSING SUPPLY ELASTICITY FOR RELATIVELY REGULATED AND RELATIVELY UNREGULATED CITIES USING REGRESSIONS OF THE LOG CHANGE IN THE HOUSING STOCK AGAINST THE CHANGE IN THE RELEVANT PRICE INDEX https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-estimates-of-the-effects-of-growth-256huziv.png TABLE 2—REGRESSION ESTIMATES OF THE EFFECTS OF GROWTH RESTRICTION ON THE LOG CHANGE IN THE HOUSING STOCK CAUSED BY NEW PERMITTED UNITS, 1990–2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regression-estimates-of-the-effect-of-the-number-of-2c86j7hu.png TABLE 1—REGRESSION ESTIMATES OF THE EFFECT OF THE NUMBER OF GROWTH RESTRICTIONS ON RENTAL AND OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSING PRICES https://scispace.com/papers/regulation-by-long-chain-fatty-acids-of-the-expression-of-3ro2j4kodf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-wbau11km.png Fig. 1 A https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-33cv8hx0.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-composition-of-pufa-in-hepg2-cells-1ifbiyiz.png TABLE 1 The composition of PUFA in HepG2 cells https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-2qx2h4e5.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/papers/regulation-as-an-enabler-of-demand-response-in-electricity-2jouvt94w0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-use-of-different-datasets-37ky973r.png Table 2. Use of different datasets https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-possible-barriers-to-dr-1uuobd41.png Table 1. Possible barriers to DR https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-institutional-and-thematic-classification-of-the-3g1s1p1u.png Table 3. Institutional and thematic classification of the proposed solutions https://scispace.com/papers/regulation-of-cell-fate-in-neurodevelopment-and-28op2s4udn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-deletion-of-cic-in-the-neurogenic-period-biases-nscs-sikywaab.png Fig. 4 Deletion of Cic in the neurogenic period biases NSCs to glial lineage selection. a Localized deletion of Cic in neural stem cells via in utero electroporation into VZ cell of Cic-floxed embryos; targeted cells carry a fluorescent marker and express either cre recombinase (Cre), dominant negative ETV5 (DNETV5), or not (Empty control), depending on the electroporated plasmid. b–l Immunofluorescence staining and quantitation of cells in the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-etv5-is-necessary-and-sufficient-for-proliferation-and-3sbygyv6.png Fig. 8 Etv5 is necessary and sufficient for proliferation and cell fate bias downstream of Cic loss. a–f Cic-null NSCs (CicnullEmpty), Cic-null NSCs with dominant negative Etv5 (CicnullDN-Etv5), and Cic-wildtype NSCs overexpressing Etv5 (Etv5 overpression) were grown in lineage-directed culture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cultured-cic-null-cells-are-oligodendrocyte-lineage-2estqe58.png Fig. 5 Cultured Cic-null cells are oligodendrocyte lineage-biased. a–c Cic-null and control mouse NSCs, cultured in serum-free stem cell proliferation media and analyzed for expression of Nestin, Sox9, Olig2, Gfap, and bIII-Tubulin (Tuj1). Representative images of immunofluorescence staining a; https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-etv5-is-a-direct-target-of-cic-transcriptional-3g3zyt8p.png Fig. 7 Etv5 is a direct target of Cic transcriptional repression. a, b Etv1, Etv4, and Etv5 mRNA expression levels a and protein expression levels b in cultured CIC-null and -control cells after 48-hour exposure to oligodendrocytic differentiating conditions; transcript levels normalized to average of three (Actin, GAPDH, Tubulin beta chain) housekeeping genes; data from n= 3 biologic replicates. Statistical analyses performed by unpaired t test. Data shown as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05. c ChIP-PCR for Cic at the Etv5 promoter. d Electroporation of Cic shRNA or non-targeting (NT) shRNA at E13 followed by in situ hybridization for Etv5 and GFP at E15; Etv5 transcripts are upregulated in areas of Cic knockdown indicated by the GFP expression; data from n≥ 3 mice per group. e Immunofluorescence staining for Etv5 and GFP protein expression 2 days after Cre electroporation into E13 VZ of Cic-floxed embryos. GFP+ cells show increased Etv5 protein. Scale bar: 50 μm. f Immunofluorescence staining for Etv5 expression in Sox2+NSCs at mid-neurogenesis. g–i https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-tumorigenicity-of-odg-cells-is-reduced-by-cic-re-3qgybrt4.png Fig. 10 Tumorigenicity of ODG cells is reduced by CIC re-expression or ETV5 blockade. a, b Bioluminescence imaging of NOD-SCID mice at 6 weeks postorthotopic implantation of BT88 oligodendroglioma cells stably transfected with empty-GFP-luciferase or CIC-GFP-luciferase. Representative images a and luminescence data b from five mice per cohort. Data shown as mean ± SD. Statistical analyses by student’s t test. **p < 0.01. c, e Representative images of brain sections from mice implanted with control-GFP-luciferase BT88 cells or CIC-GFP-luciferase BT88 cells stained with H&E c or GFP e at 6 weeks post implant. Scale bars: 50 μm. d, f Representative images of brain sections from mice implanted with control-GFP-luciferase BT88 cells or DNETV5-GFP stained with H&E d or GFP f at 6 weeks post implant. Scale bars: 50 μm. g Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of mice implanted with BT88 cell transfected with empty-GFP-luciferase or CIC-GFP-luciferase. n= 5 mice per cohort. Statistical analysis by log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test; p= 0.0021. h Kaplan–Meier survival analysis for BT88 cell transfected with empty-GFP or DNETV5-GFP. n= 5 mice per cohort. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. Statistical https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-alternate-lineage-selection-of-cic-null-nscs-in-3an7mokf.png Fig. 6 Alternate lineage selection of Cic-null NSCs in response to extrinsic differentiation cues. a, b NSCs cultured for 10 days in astrocyte-promoting media and stained for Sox2, Olig2, GFAP, and Tuj1. Representative images of cultures stained for oligodendrocytes (Olig2+ ), neurons (Tuj1+ ) and stem cells (Sox2+ ) in a; and corresponding quantifications of Olig2+ cells, Tuj1+ cells, and Sox2+ cells as a percentage of total cell enumerated by DAPI nuclear counterstain b. c, d NSCs cultured for 10 days under neuronal-promoting conditions, with representative images c of cultures stained for oligodendrocytes (Olig2+ ), astrocytes (Gfap+ ) and stem cells (Sox2+ ), and corresponding quantifications d of Olig2+ cells, Gfap+ cells, and Sox2+ cells as a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-forebrain-specific-cic-deletion-increases-glial-cells-13ssa09n.png Fig. 2 Forebrain-specific Cic deletion increases glial cells at the expense of neurons. a Targeting strategy for Cic conditional knockout mice. Exon numbering is shown relative to Cic transcript variant 1. b Forebrain-deletion of Cic starting from E10.5 by crossing CIC-floxed line with FoxG1-cre. CicFl/Fl;FoxG1Cre/+ animals are compared with CicFl/+;FoxGCre/+ or CicFl/Fl;FoxG1+/+ as controls. c Representative gross morphology of Cic-deleted and Cic-wildtype brains at P21. d, e Representative staining d and total quantitation e of NeuN+ , Gfap+ , and Sox10+ cells in Cic-deleted (CicFl/Fl;FoxG1Cre/+) cortex vs control (CicFl/Fl;FoxG1+/+). Scale bar: 50 μm. f, g Representative staining f and total quantitation g of Olig2+ , Pdgfra+ , and CNPase+ cells in lateral corpus https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cic-deficiency-increases-proliferation-and-self-1ln4g01i.png Fig. 3 Cic deficiency increases proliferation and self-renewal of neural stem/progenitor cells. a, b EdU incorporation 48-hours after electroporation of Cre or control plasmid into VZ of E13 Cic-floxed embryos; a representative images of staining and b quantitation in boxed zone; n= 4 for pCig-cre, n= 5 for control; scale bar: 50 μm. c Generation of Cic-null cells and control cells from Cic-floxed cells via ex vivo transfection of Cre recombinase, and western blotting for validation of knockout. d–f Cell proliferation measured by Trypan blue assay d, Ki67 proliferation index e, and propidium iodide cell cycle https://scispace.com/papers/regulation-of-emotions-in-socially-challenging-learning-wy2n1arrp2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-categories-and-nature-of-possible-social-challenges-24aq3nry.png Table 2. Categories and nature of possible social challenges https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-conceptual-overview-of-the-components-in-aire-2st2m17k.png Table 1. Conceptual overview of the components in AIRE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-internal-consistency-of-the-variables-measuring-the-px389xn5.png Table 4. Internal consistency of the variables measuring the same form of regulation https://scispace.com/papers/regulation-of-food-intake-by-oleoylethanolamide-2vn92ws23o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-of-oea-10-mg-kg-i-p-on-gene-expression-in-1ev8bydn.png Table 3. Effects of OEA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) on gene expression in various mouse tissues. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-feeding-in-rodents-starts-at-the-onset-of-dark-and-3r6pzjc4.png Figure 5. Feeding in rodents starts at the onset of dark and consists of multiple meals, each consisting of several eating bouts. Hormones and anorexiant drugs modify different aspects of this patterned behavior; they can prolong the time preceding the first meal or prolong the interval between meals (i.e. induce satiety); or shorten the duration and size of a meal (i.e. induce satiation). OEA selectively prolongs the latency of feeding onset [57]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-regulation-of-feeding-by-intestinal-oea-according-15z5c4nc.png Figure 6. Regulation of feeding by intestinal OEA. According to this hypothetical model, OEA accumulated in the small intestine in response to feeding activates intestinal PPAR-a receptors, which engage vagal sensory fibers. This leads in turn to the recruitment of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) in the brainstem and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH), ultimately causing induction of satiety. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structures-of-various-fatty-acid-ethanolamides-2qy3unw4.png Figure 1. Structures of various fatty-acid ethanolamides: oleoylethanolamide (OEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and anandamide (arachidonoylethanolamide, AEA). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fatty-acid-ethanolamide-biosynthesis-and-304vun3h.png Figure 2. Fatty-acid ethanolamide biosynthesis and deactivation, as exemplified by OEA. (1) A calcium-dependent N-acyltransferase activity catalyzes the transfer of oleic acid from the sn-1 position of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to the free amino group of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to form N-oleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NOPE). (2) NOPE is cleaved by NAPE-specific phospholipase D (PLD) to release OEA. (3) OEA is hydrolyzed by fatty-acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) or PEA-preferring acid amidase (PAA) to yield oleic acid and ethanolamine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-oea-inhibits-feeding-a-b-effects-of-vehicle-70-dmso-1e8ei04z.png Figure 4. OEA inhibits feeding. (A–B), Effects of vehicle (70% DMSO/30% saline, 1 ml kg–1) OEA (10 mg kg–1, i.p, administered 15 min before the onset of dark) on food intake in (A) wild-type and (B) PPAR-a-null mice (n = 5–11). Reproduced from [27]. (C–D), Effects of vehicle or OEA (10 mg kg–1, i.p) on food intake in (C) wild-type and (D) TRPV1-null mice (n = 7–10). ANOVA followed by a Dunnett’s test. Significantly different from vehicle: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diurnal-fluctuations-of-oea-in-rat-white-adipose-2daucczy.png Figure 3. Diurnal fluctuations of OEA in rat white adipose and liver tissue. OEA levels in (A) epidydymal fat or (B) liver from free-feeding male Wistar rats. OEA was measured by isotopedilution high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) [71] at 3-h intervals following the onset of the dark phase (17:00–05:00 h, closed bars). *, p < 0.05: 0 vs. 6h, 0 vs. 9 h; **, p < 0.01: 6 vs. 18 h, 9 vs. 18 h; #, p < 0.05: 6 vs. 21 h, 9 vs. 21 h; +, p < 0.05: 3 vs. 18 h. No significant differences were detected in liver tissue. ANOVA (analysis of variance) followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test (n = 4–5). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-potencies-of-various-natural-and-synthetic-ppar-a-2wgokp6l.png Table 1. Potencies of various natural and synthetic PPAR-a agonists in vitro. https://scispace.com/papers/regulation-of-myoepithelial-differentiation-in-3-dimensional-v5hf6n9xeg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-qpcr-primer-sequences-17ti3m83.png Table II qPCR Primer Sequences https://scispace.com/papers/regulation-of-inositol-1-4-5-trisphosphate-receptor-type-1-206djjlh16 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-plk1phosphorylates-full-size-ip3r1-and-ip3r3-a-wubm7x4q.png Fig. 4. Plk1phosphorylates full-size IP3R1 and IP3R3. (A) Sf9microsomes expressing full-length IP3R1 and IP3R3 were incubated with or without (negative control) Plk1 in the presence of [ -32P]ATP for 1h at 30 ◦C. (B) Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of Sf9 microsomes±10 M BI2536 (BI). Phosphorylated IP3Rs were detected using phosphorimaging ([ -32P]ATP) and loading of IP3Rs was determined with an antiIP3R antibody (Rbt475) that recognizes both isoforms equally well. All results are typical of at least three experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plk1-mediated-phosphorylation-of-domains-1-6-of-ip3r1-3fxsx7u3.png Fig. 5. Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of domains 1–6 of IP3R1. Phosphorylation of the IP3R1 domains expressed as GST-fusion proteins was performed as in Fig. 4. Phosphorylated IP3R1 domains were detected using phosphorimaging ([ -32P]ATP) (left panel) and loading of the IP3Rs domains was determined with an anti-GST antibody (right panel). The arrow indicates the position of Plk1 (autophosphorylated) and arrowheads indicate the position of the various IP3R1-domains: domain 1, a.a. 1–345, domain 2, a.a. 346–922, domain 3, a.a. 923–1581, domain 4, a.a. 1582–1931, domain 5, a.a. 1932–2216, domain 6, a.a. 2590–2749. Result typical of at least three experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-wt-peptide-decreases-plk1-mediated-phosphorylation-of-34n0ined.png Fig. 6. wt peptide decreases Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of domain 6, and of full-size IP3R1 in vitro. Plk1-mediated in vitro phosphorylation of (A) domain 6 + wild type (wt) peptide (left panel), domain 6+wt peptide or control (ctr) peptide (right panel) at the indicated concentrations. After separation by SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis on a 4–12% Bis-Tris gel, phosphorylated domain 6 (upper panels) and wt peptide (lower panels) were detected using a phosphorimager ([ -32P]ATP) and loading of domain 6 (middle panels) was determined with an anti-GST antibody. (B) Plk1-mediated in vitro phosphorylation of Sf9-microsomes expressing IP3R1 in the presence of the indicated concentrations of wt or ctr peptide. Phosphorylated IP3Rs were detected using phosphorimaging (upper panel) and loading of IP3Rs and Plk1 were determined with an anti-IP3R antibody (Rbt475) and anti-Plk1 antibody, respectively. All results are typical of at least three experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-identification-of-t2656-as-an-in-vitro-plk1-1jgrmzx0.png Fig. 7. Identification of T2656 as an in vitro Plk1 phosphorylation site in domain 6 of IP3R1. Plk1-mediated in vitro phosphorylation of wild type (wt) domain 6 and T2656A domain 6. Phosphorylated domain 6 was detected using phosphorimaging ([ -32P]ATP) and loading of domain 6 was determined with an anti-GST antibody. The result is typical of at least three experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-inactivation-of-plk1-by-bi2536-delays-germinal-vesicle-102n3osk.png Fig. 1. Inactivation of Plk1 by BI2536 delays germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and inhibits extrusion of the first polar body (1PB) in mouse oocytes. (A) Percentage (%) of oocytes, which are matured in medium supplemented without or with the indicated concentrations of BI2536, that underwent germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) at different times of in vitro maturation. (B) Percentage (%) of oocytes that extruded their first polar body (1PB) after 12–15h of in vitro maturation in medium containing 0nM (control), 1 nM, 10nM or 100nM BI2536. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bi2536-reduces-the-increased-ip3-induced-ca2-release-21vgen56.png Fig. 3. BI2536 reduces the increased IP3-induced Ca2+ release (IICR) in GVBD oocytes but does not affect the Ca2+-store content. The duration (A) and amplitude (B) of the Ca2+ rise was measured with Fluo-4 after releasing inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) by a UV-flash in GV and GVBD oocytes±10 M BI2536. (C) A typical trace of IICR in GV, GVBD and GVBD oocytes treated with 10 M BI2536. (D) The number of GV, GVBD and GVBD oocytes treated with 10 M BI2536 that respond to IP3 with a Ca2+ rise. (E) The content of the Ca2+ stores in GV and GVBD oocytes±10 M BI2536 was estimated by measuring the area under the curve of the Ca2+ response induced by the addition of thapsigargin (10 M) in Ca2+-free media (*p<0.03; **p<0.015). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-inhibition-of-plk1-activity-by-bi2536-decreases-ip3r1-1saxck9c.png Fig. 2. Inhibition of Plk1 activity by BI2536 decreases IP3R1 MPM-2 reactivity in GVBD oocytes. (A) Immunoblotting of oocyte lysates collected at 0h (GV) or 2h (GVBD) and treated with the indicated concentrations of BI2536 (BI). The blot was probed with an MPM-2 antibody and after stripping re-probed with an anti-IP3R1 (Rbt03) antibody. (B) Quantification of IP3R1 MPM-2 reactivity. The intensity of the MPM-2 reactive band from GVBD oocytes was arbitrarily given the value of 1 and values in the other lanes were expressed relative to this band (**p<0.015). https://scispace.com/papers/regulation-of-toll-like-receptor-4-signalling-by-a20-zinc-52ly8vbd4x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effects-of-full-length-a20-on-tlr-4-signalling-a-3auugxct.png Fig. 1. Effects of full length A20 on TLR-4 signalling. (A) HEK293 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1(+) or A20pJDM (1lg). Cell lysates were subsequently subjected to SDS–PAGE on a 10% polyacrylamide gel and electroblotted onto nitrocellulose membrane. The presence of full length A20 expression was detected by probing the nitrocellulose with a rabbit anti-human A20 polyclonal antibody (1/ 500 dilution) and visualising by enhanced chemiluminescence. (B,C) HEK293 cells were co-transfected with or without CD4/TLR4 (1lg) in the presence or absence of A20pJDM (1lg) and (B) jB-luc (0:5lg) or (C) AP-1-luc (0:5lg). Cell extracts were subsequently measured for luciferase activity and protein content. Data are presented relative to cells transfected in the absence of CD4/TLR4 (D) HEK293 cells were co-transfected with or without CD4/TLR4 (1lg) in the presence or absence of A20pJDM (1lg). Conditioned medium from cells was then assayed for IL-8 by ELISA. Results represent means SEM of three independent experiments (*, p < 0:05; **, p < 0:01). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effects-of-c-terminal-a20-on-mekk-1-signalling-a-b-3a476zi4.png Fig. 4. Effects of C-terminal A20 on MEKK-1 signalling. (A,B) HEK293 cells were co-transfected with or without MEKK-1 (200 ng in (A); 50 ng in (B)) in the presence or absence of C-terminal A20p3xFLAG-Myc-CMV (1lg) and (A) jB-luc (0:5lg) or (B) AP-1-luc (0:5lg). Cell extracts were subsequently measured for luciferase activity and protein content. Data are presented relative to cells transfected in the absence of MEKK-1. (C) HEK293 cells were co-transfected with or without MEKK-1 (200 ng) in the presence or absence of C-terminal A20-p3xFLAG-Myc-CMV (1lg). Conditioned medium from cells was then assayed for IL-8 by ELISA. Results represent means SEM of three independent experiments (*, p < 0:05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effects-of-full-length-a20-on-mekk-1-signalling-a-b-3omuun8b.png Fig. 3. Effects of full length A20 on MEKK-1 signalling. (A,B) HEK293 cells were co-transfected with or without MEKK-1 (200 ng in (A); 50 ng in (B)) in the presence or absence of A20pJDM (1lg) and (A) jB-luc (0:5lg) or (B) AP-1-luc (0:5lg). Cell extracts were subsequently measured for luciferase activity and protein content. Data are presented relative to cells transfected in the absence of MEKK-1. (C) HEK293 cells were co-transfected with or without MEKK-1 (200 ng) in the presence or absence of A20pJDM (1lg). Conditioned medium from cells was then assayed for IL-8 by ELISA. Results represent means SEM of three independent experiments (*, p < 0:05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effects-of-c-terminal-a20-on-tlr-4-signalling-a-hek293-v6xfp4fq.png Fig. 2. Effects of C-terminal A20 on TLR-4 signalling. (A) HEK293 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1(+) or C-terminal A20p3xFLAG-Myc-CMV (1lg). Cell lysates were subsequently subjected to SDS–PAGE on a 10% polyacrylamide gel and electroblotted onto nitrocellulose membrane. The presence of C-terminal A20 expression was detected by probing the nitrocellulose with a rabbit anti-human A20 polyclonal antibody (1/500 dilution) and visualising by enhanced chemiluminescence. (B,C) HEK293 cells were co-transfected with or without CD4/TLR4 (1lg) in the presence or absence of C-terminal A20-p3xFLAG-Myc-CMV(1lg) and (B) jB-luc (0:5lg) or (C) AP-1luc (0:5lg). Cell extracts were subsequently measured for luciferase activity and protein content. Data are presented relative to cells transfected in the absence of CD4/TLR4. (D) HEK293 cells were cotransfected with or without CD4/TLR4 (1lg) in the presence or absence of C-terminal A20-p3xFLAG-Myc-CMV (1lg). Conditioned medium from cells was then assayed for IL-8 by ELISA. Results represent means SEM of three independent experiments (*, p < 0:05). https://scispace.com/papers/regulations-and-corporate-environmental-responsibility-255vz59fip 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-results-regulation-and-eco-actions-2vfetcvl.png Table 2- Estimation results: Regulation and Eco-actions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-variables-2lmuok70.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics of variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-interactions-xp55gxyt.png Table 3. Interactions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-marginal-effect-effect-of-regulation-on-eco-action-1xdhw1tt.png Table 4. Marginal Effect: Effect of regulation on eco-action categories https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-regulation-on-eco-action-categories-6crvzstn.png Table 4. Marginal Effect: Effect of regulation on eco-action categories https://scispace.com/papers/regulatory-models-and-the-environment-practice-pitfalls-and-42m2bd2teo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stages-of-a-models-life-cycle-though-reducing-a-15bkptss.png FIGURE 2 - Stages of a model’s life cycle. Though reducing a model’s life cycle to four stages and displaying this in a unidirectional fashion is a simplified view, especially for models with long lives that go through important iterations and modifications from model use to model development, it makes discussion of model evaluation more tractable. (1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-basic-modeling-elements-relating-human-activities-910yc2zb.png FIGURE 1 Basic modeling elements relating human activities and natural systems to environmental impacts. (1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-examples-of-substantive-legislative-directions-for-1kn4slmi.png TABLE I Examples of Substantive Legislative Directions for EPA Models https://scispace.com/papers/regulatory-factors-controlling-muscle-mass-competition-51jvxaypk1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primers-used-for-atlantic-salmon-atrogin-1-xlw93ine.png Table 1: Primers used for Atlantic salmon atrogin-1 expression and promoter construction. https://scispace.com/papers/regulatory-stringency-in-issuing-certified-emission-5bgs6vkf9i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cdm-project-activity-cycle-1l6duo3h.png Figure 1: CDM Project Activity Cycle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-timelag-between-validation-and-registration-2ojwi942.png Figure 2: Average Timelag Between Validation and Registration https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cointegration-analysis-for-scer-and-eua-3vblms3u.png Table 2: Cointegration Analysis for sCER and EUA https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-2r4b2rvu.png Table 1: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-results-for-dspread-for-2008-to-2010-2u65p92j.png Table 5: Regression Results for ΔSpread for 2008 to 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-regression-results-for-dspread-for-2008-3go9p6s4.png Table 7: Regression Results for ΔSpread for 2008 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-carbon-market-price-spreads-1cmgnkzb.png Figure 4: Carbon Market Price Spreads https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-regression-results-for-dspread-for-2009-to-2010-1k2osl3k.png Table 8: Regression Results for ΔSpread for 2009 to 2010 https://scispace.com/papers/regulatory-t-cells-in-cutaneous-immune-responses-2rlosp2uwu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-an-overview-of-recently-published-papers-about-treg-272me9y0.png Table 1. An overview of recently published papers about Treg and CHS https://scispace.com/papers/rehabilitation-of-welded-joints-by-ultrasonic-impact-346i1gzccs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-uit-equipment-fig-4-pin-of-uit-equipment-rgadw589.png Fig. 3 UIT-equipment Fig. 4 Pin of UIT-equipment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-results-of-fatigue-tests-1rj8193p.png Fig. 9 Results of fatigue tests https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-residual-stresses-adjacent-to-the-weld-9-fig-6-s-n-xv4tva7a.png Fig. 5 Residual stresses adjacent to the weld [9] Fig. 6 S-N diagram [8] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-geometry-of-the-test-specimens-1ejrqbe4.png Fig. 8 Geometry of the test specimens https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-typical-transverse-stiffener-detail-of-a-steel-bridge-aapsoxz8.png Fig. 7 Typical transverse stiffener detail of a steel bridge https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-development-of-average-daily-traffic-on-german-3cgeglka.png Fig. 1 Development of average daily traffic on German highways [1] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-development-of-axle-loads-on-german-highways-1-1lq20o1o.png Fig. 2 Development of axle loads on German highways [1] https://scispace.com/papers/rehad-using-low-frequency-reconfigurable-hardware-for-cache-54k9zj95x0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-one-possible-design-of-detection-module-in-rehad-it-bjiyaev3.png Figure 2. One possible design of detection module in REHAD. It takes 4 32-bit instructions as input, converts them to serial information about instruction, and uses simple pattern matching to detect attacks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overall-design-of-rehad-a-highly-flexible-hardware-1q6mk71w.png Figure 1. Overall design of REHAD, a highly flexible hardware / software co-design attack detection architecture, with a hardware detection module made up of reconfigurable hardware. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-resources-utilization-and-detection-capability-of-9lxx1ff4.png TABLE 1. RESOURCES UTILIZATION AND DETECTION CAPABILITY OF TWO CONFIGURATIONS OF REHAD DETECTION MODULE https://scispace.com/papers/rehospitalization-and-transfers-to-nursing-facilities-in-b7mgxej9hu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparisons-of-three-countries-of-odds-ratios-for-1yzey8sx.png Figure 1. Comparisons of three countries of odds ratios for good basic and advanced activities of daily living (ADLs) according to economic status in community-dwelling older people. Pon.05, w.01, z.001 using logistic regression analysis after adjustment for age and sex (reference group: low economic status). https://scispace.com/papers/reincarnate-historic-systems-on-fpga-with-novel-design-33gef7ukhh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-block-diagram-and-state-chart-of-i8086-compatible-knpw54fh.png Fig. 13. The block diagram and state chart of i8086 compatible CPU running on Altera EP1K100 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pdp11-40m-compatible-system-on-an-fpga-altera-cyclone-10v39ymb.png Fig. 1. PDP11/40m compatible system on an FPGA (Altera Cyclone EP1C3) and the console output when running the UNIX v6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-class-diagram-of-midway-game-platform-for-xilinx-2m727l72.png Fig. 17. Class Diagram of Midway Game Platform for Xilinx Spartan3/3E starter kit https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-current-projects-design-flow-with-uml-and-systemc-32tpcy1x.png Fig. 2. Current projects design flow with UML and SystemC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-student-modification-to-the-extracted-nsl-1002jalp.png Fig. 5. Student Modification to the Extracted NSL https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-block-diagram-and-addressing-mode-state-chart-of-27gi5e9z.png Fig. 11. The block diagram and addressing mode state chart of pdp11 compatible CPU https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-space-invaders-compatible-hardware-running-on-altera-k8czqky9.png Fig. 8. Space Invaders compatible hardware running on Altera EPF10K30E and the NTSC signal from it https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-block-diagram-of-space-invader-project-16gi0l9b.png Fig. 10. The Block Diagram of Space Invader Project https://scispace.com/papers/reinforcement-learning-for-bioretrosynthesis-2wyqr645cw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-of-the-retropath-suite-against-the-golden-2g6n7r92.png Figure 3: Results of the RetroPath suite against the golden dataset to identify the experimental pathway. We compared results of RetroPath 2.0, the default configuration of RetroPath RL and a combination of results between the default configuration and a more tolerant one on the used scores with a timeout of 3 hours. With supplementation (purple) means a supplement has to be provided in the media to identify the correct experimental pathway. One step different (dark blue) means only one step differs from the described pathway, for example by using a different co-substrate. One step lacking (light blue) means the search algorithm found a pathway identical to the experimental one, except one step which was short-cut. Fully found (green) means the experimental pathway was found without restriction. Not found (orange) means the experimental pathway was not found. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-bio-retrosynthetic-scope-obtained-from-3f4en8k7.png Figure 4: Example of bio-retrosynthetic scope obtained from RetroPath RL for mesaconic acid. Dead end compounds have been removed, pathways lying in the scope are depicted with distinct colours. Compounds are represented by their chemical structures and reactions by their EC numbers or their rule ID of no EC is known. Mesaconic acid (at the top) and sink compounds are surrounded by a solid line, while intermediates are surrounded by a dashed line. Only the pathways predicted up to 3 steps are shown. Compound names: mesaconic acid (A), 3-methylmalic acid (B), citramalic acid (C), 3-methylaspartic acid (D), propanoyl-CoA (E), glyoxylate (F), citramalyl-CoA (G), acetate (H), succinate (I), pyruvate (J), acetyl-CoA (K), glutamate (L). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-number-of-applicable-rules-on-a-compound-2swm0eva.png Table 1: Average number of applicable rules on a compound according to the set of diameters used. Information on average number of rules at all individual diameters are available in Supplementary Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-impact-of-scoring-scheme-on-retrieval-performance-2ec43lde.png Figure 5: Impact of scoring scheme on retrieval performance of RetroPath RL. We compared results between using a biological score cut-off (A), a chemical score cut-off (B) and a biochemical score cut-off (C) varying between 0 and 0.9. In (D) we compared results between guiding the search based on the Classical UCT formula, a formula guided by Biological scoring, Chemical scoring or Biochemical scoring. One pathway found means that at least one pathway has been predicted. Experimental pathway found means that the experimental pathway is from amongst the predicted pathways. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemical-and-biological-score-computations-for-18szuga8.png Figure 1: Chemical and biological score computations. For chemical score (A), we start by selecting substrates within the rule collection that are similar to the query substrate. We then apply those rule templates and check similarity of those products to the products the rules were learned on. For biological score (B), we establish rule-to-sequence relationships, and cluster all sequences based on sequence similarities. For each rule, we then count the number of cluster n spanning all related sequences. Score normalisation is detailed in Methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-monte-carlo-tree-search-algorithm-circles-represent-2go8d4ec.png Figure 2: Monte Carlo Tree Search algorithm. Circles represent nodes, and pentagons molecules. Detailed explanations are in the main text and in the Methods section. https://scispace.com/papers/reinforced-concrete-deterioration-caused-by-contaminated-3putlg95eg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-water-type-on-the-compressive-strength-of-cdghfi8b.png Fig. 4. Effect of water type on the compressive strength of mortar and concrete (data from [39]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-tap-river-ground-and-seawater-on-concrete-yp8wl7t1.png Fig. 5. Effect of tap, river, ground and seawater on concrete strength (data from [48]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-epa-permissible-limits-for-parameters-in-water-used-1p4ww7up.png Table 1 EPA permissible limits for parameters in water used for mixing concrete [22]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-various-water-types-on-concrete-2paczyh4.png Table 2 Effect of various water types on concrete compressive strength. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-seawater-and-fresh-water-on-the-compressive-1m6f3eeg.png Fig. 6. Effect of seawater and fresh water on the compressive strength of concrete (adapted from [38]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effect-of-treated-and-untreated-greywater-type-on-1gksocq0.png Fig. 1. Effect of treated and untreated greywater type on setting time of cement paste (data from [39]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-tap-river-ground-and-sea-water-on-setting-2xgas9a3.png Fig. 2. Effect of tap, river, ground and sea water on setting times of cement paste (adapted from [40]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-water-type-on-the-compressive-strength-of-3vs8p7l7.png Fig. 3. Effect of water type on the compressive strength of mortar (data from [39]). https://scispace.com/papers/reinforcing-supply-chain-security-through-organizational-and-314xdk84cr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-sc-security-tools-checklist-2wx66bcr.png Table 5. SC security tools checklist https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-usage-vs-importance-of-organizational-and-cultural-pj3fq27c.png Figure 2. Usage vs. importance of organizational and cultural tools. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-tools-used-by-the-companies-and-tools-rated-as-zwx9sw46.png Table 3. Tools used by the companies and tools rated as “highly important” (HI) through the interviewed companies https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-impact-on-causal-factors-determining-attack-and-285ndieo.png Table 4. Impact on causal factors determining attack and supply security https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-taxonomy-of-organizational-and-cultural-tools-15xnac5q.png Table 1. Taxonomy of organizational and cultural tools https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-contribution-of-various-organizational-and-cultural-2itdx74l.png Figure 3. Contribution of various organizational and cultural tools to increase security https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-sample-of-the-analyzed-companies-10qymfu6.png Table 2. The sample of the analyzed companies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-swiss-cheese-model-applied-to-sc-security-o19v98ty.png Figure 1. The Swiss cheese model applied to SC security https://scispace.com/papers/reinventing-tourism-at-a-traditional-cultural-tourism-1twmktwcmw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-creative-activities-1t7q021v.png Table 2 Creative activities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ambiance-aesthetics-and-atmosphere-in-viana-do-cvsdoge4.png Figure 1 Ambiance, aesthetics and atmosphere in Viana do Castelo (see online version for colours) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-historical-architecture-in-viana-do-castelo-see-1ojoiwbu.png Figure 2 Historical architecture in Viana do Castelo (see online version for colours) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-length-of-stay-according-to-visitor-country-of-2fq9udnc.png Table 1 Length of stay according to visitor’ country of origin https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hospital-ship-museum-in-viana-do-castelo-see-online-14zxr6mw.png Figure 4 Hospital ship museum in Viana do Castelo (see online version for colours) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-historic-centre-in-viana-do-castelo-see-online-2fblk10s.png Figure 3 Historic centre in Viana do Castelo (see online version for colours) https://scispace.com/papers/rejection-via-video-n3ogskb0g0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-standard-deviations-in-parentheses-of-ltcidm4f.png Table 1 Means and standard deviations (in parentheses) of variables as a function of status (rejection vs. acceptance) and context (individual vs. group) https://scispace.com/papers/rejection-of-disinfection-by-products-by-ro-and-nf-membranes-31ym8lf85b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rejection-of-bcan-dcacam-111-tcp-and-tim-as-a-zn52erwd.png Figure 3 Rejection of BCAN, DCAcAm, 1,1,1-TCP and TIM as a function of transmembrane flux. Error bars indicate the propagation of uncertainty between duplicate samples (feed pH 6.8, crossflow velocity 0.12 m/s, 7 mM NaCl, 1 mM KH2PO4, feed temperature 23.5˚C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-rejection-of-hacams-by-nf-as-a-function-of-ionic-1s886yyd.png Figure 7 Rejection of HAcAms by NF as a function of ionic strength. Error bars indicate the propagation of uncertainty between duplicate samples (permeate flux 18 L/m2h, feed pH 6.8, crossflow velocity 0.12 m/s, 1 mM KH2PO4, feed temperature 23.5˚C). https://scispace.com/papers/reionization-and-galaxy-formation-in-warm-dark-matter-1fa2fpgl6i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cmb-electron-scattering-optical-depth-tes-as-a-3msnt3oh.png Figure 2. CMB electron scattering optical depth (τes) as a function of redshift for the fourDM models considered in this paper, as marked. In each panel, lines show results using four different values of fesc=1.0 (dotted–dashed green line), 0.5 (dashed red line), 0.2 (dotted blue line), and the fiducial z-dependent value marked (solid black line). The dotted and dashed black lines show results using the fiducial z-dependent fesc value marked, but for a minimum reionization suppressed halo masses of Mmin=10 8.5 M and Mmin=10 9.5 M , respectively; these show that varying Mmin within one order of magnitude does not change our results appreciably. The z-dependent fesc value has been obtained by simultaneously fitting to τes and ionizing photon emissivity observations (see Section 3.2). The horizontal dashed line shows the central value for τes inferred by Planck combining polarization, temperature, and lensing data (Planck Collaboration et al. 2016a) with the gray shaded region showing the 1−σ errors. The horizontal dotted and dotted–dashed orange lines show the central value for τes inferred by Planck (2014) and Planck (2016), respectively; the inclined and vertically shaded (blue) regions show the associated 1−σ error bars. As seen, while the Planck-2014 results ruled out WDM as light as 1.5 keV, though requiring a very steep z-evolution of fesc, this WDM model is allowed by the latest Planck (2015, 2016) results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relations-between-different-quantities-for-the-3e8cfr5d.png Table 3 Relations between Different Quantities for the ThreeDM Models Considered https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-smd-as-a-function-of-z-for-cdm-black-line-3-kev-2y7nidjr.png Figure 9. SMD as a function of z for CDM (black line), 3 keV (blue line),and 1.5 keV (red line) WDM for all galaxies (left panel) and galaxies that have been detected (right panel). The upper and lower limits of the shaded (black, blue, and red) regions show the SMD range (for CDM, 3, and 1.5 keV WDM) obtained by ignoring and including the effects of UV feedback respectively. The solid lines show the fiducial results obtained using Equation (11), where a progressively larger fraction of low-mass (Mh109 M ) halos are UV feedback suppressed. As seen in the right panel, the SMDs from all three models are in accord for the massive galaxies (MUV −17.7) that have already been observed, asshown by data points: González et al. (2011, empty triangles), Stark et al. (2013, empty squares), and Labbé et al. (2010a, 2010b, empty stars). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-parameter-values-for-the-z-evolution-of-the-qryupbmg.png Table 2 The Parameter Values for the z-evolution of the Escape Fraction ( fesc) for different DM Models Using Planck 2015 Data that Combines Polarization, Lensing, and Temperature Data; the Numbers in Brackets Show the Sterile Neutrino Mass Corresponding to mx https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-volume-filling-fraction-of-ionized-hydrogen-as-a-3efvy5mk.png Figure 4. Volume filling fraction of ionized hydrogen as a function of z for the fiducial parameter values for all fourDM models considered in this work. While reionization starts at comparable epochs in CDM and mx3 keV, the suppression of small-scale structure leads to a delay in reionization, by about 150 Myr, for 1.5 keV WDM. However, a combination of accelerated galaxy assembly and a steeper fesc−z relation in 1.5 keV WDM models result in reionization ending at comparable redshifts in all models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-redshift-evolution-of-the-h-i-ionizing-photon-lhuxpp0x.png Figure 3. Redshift evolution of the H I ionizing photon emissivity for the fourDM models considered in this paper, as marked. In each panel, lines show results using four different values of fesc=1.0 (dotted–dashed green line), 0.5 (dashed red line), 0.2 (dotted blue line),and the fiducial z-dependent value (solid line). The dotted and dashed black lines show results using the fiducial z-dependent value marked, but for Mmin=10 8.5 M and Mmin=10 9.5 M , respectively, to show that varying Mmin by one order of magnitude does not change our results appreciably. As seen, a constant fesc value severely over-predicts ṅion compared to the observations (points) at z;5, 6 in all DM models. The observational results (and associated error bars) have been calculated following the approach of Kuhlen & Faucher-Giguere (2012), i.e., by combining the observational constraints on ΓH I from Wyithe & Bolton (2011) with the mean-free path for ionizing photons (λmfp) from Songaila & Cowie (2010). See Section 3.2 for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-redshift-evolution-of-the-intrinsic-ionizing-photon-1l98la2y.png Figure 8. Redshift evolution of the intrinsic ionizing photon emissivity for CDM (black line), 3 keV (blue line),and 1.5 keV (red line) WDM. Solid lines show the fiducial results obtained using Equation (10), where a progressively larger fraction of low-mass (Mh109 M ) halos are UV feedback suppressed, with dashed lines showing results for galaxies that have been detected with MUV∼−17.7 (dashed lines). The upper and lower limits of the shaded (black, blue, and red) regions show the SMD range (for CDM, 3, and 1.5 keV WDM) obtained by ignoring and including the effects of UV feedback respectively. The ˙ –n zint relations for different models are quantified in Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fractional-contribution-from-galaxies-of-halo-37t97phw.png Figure 5. Fractional contribution from galaxies of halo masses Mh109, 1010.5, and 1012 M , as marked, for CDM (left panel), 3 keV (middle panel), and 1.5 keV WDM (right panel). As seen, galaxies with Mh109 M provide about 40% of the total ionizing budget, with the rest coming from lower mass halos in theCDM. However, as a result of suppression of structure formation on small scales, these galaxies provide all of the ionizing photon budget in the 1.5 keV model. As expected, the contribution drops steeply with an increase in the halo mass such thatMh1012 M galaxies contribute negligibly to the ionizing budget for all of the DM models considered. https://scispace.com/papers/rejection-rates-for-journals-publishing-in-the-atmospheric-11hgvobv9l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-histogram-of-rejection-rates-for-47-journals-1z97w7bp.png Fig. 1. histogram of rejection rates for 47 journals publishing in the atmospheric sciences. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scatterplot-of-journals-reporting-both-2-and-5-yr-2miqzstq.png Fig. 2. scatterplot of journals reporting both 2- and 5-yr impact factors for 2007, with select journal abbreviations labeled. the 1:1 diagonal (thick black line) and the linear regression line y = 0.20 + 1.08x with an R of 0.955 (thin gray line) are shown. Journal abbreviations are listed in table 2, except for Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (AFM) and Climate Research (CR). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rejection-rate-versus-various-citation-indices-a-ih581db0.png Fig. 3. rejection rate (%) versus various citation indices: (a) number of self-reported submissions (2006 or 2007), (b) number of published articles, (c) number of citations, (d) 2-yr impact factor, (e) immediacy index, and (f) half-life (yr). All indices except (a) are from isi in 2006. Nature is excluded from these plots. the number of points in each panel is 40, except for (a), with 45 points. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-3luqlaou.png Table 2. Continued. https://scispace.com/papers/relap5-model-description-and-validation-for-the-br2-loss-of-l7g7lz7fcb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-6-sketch-of-relap5-volume-22-dimensions-in-mm-fvyv347m.png Figure B-6 Sketch of RELAP5 volume 22. Dimensions in mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-drawing-of-br2-3qyjf72j.png Figure 1 Conceptual drawing of BR2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-14-200-mm-flow-channel-with-fuel-assembly-and-6-2lkscid2.png Table A-14: 200 mm flow channel with fuel assembly and 6 irradiation baskets https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-minor-loss-coefficient-and-parameters-for-volume-76-uytubbc4.png Table 6 Minor loss coefficient and parameters for volume 76 with various core configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-comparison-of-the-1963-test-c-cladding-temperature-337azqik.png Figure 19 Comparison of the 1963 Test C cladding temperature measurement and RELAP5 simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-loss-coefficients-included-in-reactor-vessel-model-s4cs4kii.png Table 7 Loss coefficients included in reactor vessel model above the core region. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-6-plug-in-50-mm-channel-3vi2yi9l.png Table A-6: Plug in 50 mm channel https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-flow-rates-for-a-given-channel-type-3bfgx26z.png Table 4 Summary of flow rates for a given channel type. https://scispace.com/papers/relating-energy-level-alignment-and-amine-linked-single-3w1bqj8vqg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-partial-electron-yield-c-k-edge-nexafs-for-108sjq6s.png FIGURE 2. Partial electron yield C K-edge NEXAFS for themonolayers of the three molecules on Au(111) acquired with the light polarization parallel/perpendicular with respect to the surface (dotted/solid lines). The benzene rings tilt angles obtained from NEXAFS linear dichroisms are 27° ( 10°, 24° ( 10° and 12° ( 10° for TMBDA, BDA, and TFBDA, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measured-molecule-adsorption-energy-on-au-111-3qufp0ys.png TABLE 1. Measured Molecule Adsorption Energy on Au(111) Determined from Temperature Dependent HAS Measurement, Calculated Molecule Adsorption Energy on Au(111) Using Optimized Molecule Geometries, HOMO Energy Level Relative to EF, As Determined Experimentally from UPS and Resonant XPS on Au(111) and Au(110) and Determined Theoretically and Measured Conductance Valuesa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-to-right-atomic-geometries-for-tfbda-bda-tmbda-3bofxgkk.png FIGURE 4. Left to right: Atomic geometries for TFBDA, BDA, TMBDA on Au(111) for molecular angles determined from NEXAFS analysis and BDA bound to an atom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ups-hn-21-2-ev-and-resonant-xps-hn-286-6-ev-for-bda-2ragh1de.png FIGURE 3. UPS (hν ) 21.2 eV) and resonant XPS (hν ) 286.6 eV for BDA and TMBDA and hν ) 287 eV for TFBDA) valence band measurements of thin molecular films on Au(111) and Au(110). The solid black lines are the best fits and the HOMO peaks resulting from the best fitting procedure are reported at the bottom of each trace (see Supporting Information for details). https://scispace.com/papers/relating-trends-in-streamflow-to-anthropogenic-influences-a-1awscg790g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-major-land-use-classes-as-a-percentage-of-total-3mvmhmpo.png Fig. 4 a Major land use classes as a percentage of total catchment area and b Change in rainfed and irrigated area, for different time periods https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-linear-regression-rainfall-runoff-model-b-residuals-y3oyhf10.png Fig. 3 a Linear regression rainfall-runoff model, b Residuals against predicted values, c Change in magnitude of streamflows at different time periods and rainfall percentiles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-temporal-change-in-catchment-scale-et-estimated-using-64v7d99n.png Fig. 6 Temporal change in catchment-scale ET estimated using 8-km AVHRR data in the Himayat Sagar catchment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-location-map-of-himayat-sagar-catchment-hsc-in-39dtpvh7.png Fig. 1 a Location map of Himayat Sagar Catchment (HSC) in southern India. b Districts covered by HSC, drainage network, HS reservoir, rain gauge stations, groundwater observation wells, HS groundwater status and HS groundwater extraction survey sample locations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-annual-rainfall-average-depth-to-water-table-and-1vh68vmw.png Fig. 5 Annual rainfall, average depth to water table and groundwater extractions (GWE) based on well inventory and land use statistics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-series-of-average-annual-rainfall-and-annual-2odnr17w.png Fig 2 Time series of average annual rainfall and annual streamflows in the Himayat Sagar catchment https://scispace.com/papers/relating-the-mna-mobility-single-item-to-usual-walking-speed-39bmkcizwt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-for-patients-retained-in-the-study-3t6uh1ba.png Figure 1 Flowchart for patients retained in the study https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-anthropometric-and-functional-data-for-the-whole-2fn9x4yi.png Table 1 Anthropometric and functional data for the whole group, and in hospitalized and ambulatory patients https://scispace.com/papers/relation-between-energetic-and-standard-geodesic-acoustic-41hv90wu0k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-background-blue-curves-contour-representation-of-d-2pzrnvmc.png Figure 4. Background (blue curves): contour representation of |D(Ωt)| −1 in the complex plane for q = 3, Tt/Te = 1 and in the absence of fast ions. Black curves: evolution of the GAM and EGAM frequencies when the proportion of fast ions nk/neq varies from 0 to 40%. The bulk and fast ions belong to the same species (D-D), with ū‖ = 2.8 and τk = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-phase-diagram-type-of-egam-as-a-function-of-q-and-u-2q2vye2i.png Figure 5. Phase diagram: type of EGAM as a function of q and ū‖, for D-D particles, with Tt/Te = 1 and τk = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-background-blue-curves-contour-representation-of-d-1nuyoanh.png Figure 3. Background (blue curves): contour representation of |D(Ωt)| −1 in the complex plane for q = 1.6, Tt/Te = 1 and in the absence of fast ions. Black curves: evolution of the GAM and EGAM frequencies when the proportion of fast ions nk/neq varies from 0 to 40%. The bulk and fast ions belong to the same species (D-D), with ū‖ = 2.8 and τk = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-phase-diagram-type-of-egam-as-a-function-of-q-and-2dfhdzqx.png Figure 6. Phase diagram: type of EGAM as a function of q and Tt/Te, for D-D particles, with ū‖ = 2.8 and τk = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-normalised-egam-growth-rate-im-as-a-function-of-nk-txjku99s.png Figure 10. Normalised EGAM growth rate Im(Ω) as a function of nk/neq , with q = 1.8, ū‖ = 2.8 τk = 1 and Tt/Te = 1, for D(bulk) - H(fast), D-D, D(bulk) - T(fast) and D(bulk) - 3He(fast) particles. The EGAM is excited whenever Im(Ω) > 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-contour-representations-of-d-t-1-in-the-complex-iu6fcor6.png Figure 1. Contour representations of |D(Ωt)| −1 in the complex plane for q = 1.6, Tt/Te = 1, for various concentrations of fast ions, from 0 to 40%. The bulk and fast ions belong to the same species (D-D), with ū‖ = 2.8 and τk = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-contour-representations-of-d-t-1-in-the-complex-209b79ts.png Figure 2. Contour representations of |D(Ωt)| −1 in the complex plane for q = 3, Tt/Te = 1, for various concentrations of fast ions, from 0 to 40%.The bulk and fast ions belong to the same species (D-D), with ū‖ = 2.8 and τk = 1. https://scispace.com/papers/relation-between-suppressiveness-to-tomato-fusarium-wilt-and-2ef9e83ggs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-standardized-area-under-disease-progress-curve-audpcs-em139n2q.png Fig. 1. Standardized area under disease progress curve (AUDPCs) for tomato plants in seven https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlation-simple-among-standardized-area-under-f1viipw6.png Table 1. Correlation (simple) among standardized area under disease progress curve (AUDPCs) of Fusarium wilt and different microorganisms recovered from seven plant growth media (CFU ml-1). https://scispace.com/papers/relation-between-the-platelet-count-of-human-blood-and-its-535m21mqpq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-platelet-counts-3fbapdix.png TABLE 2.—Comparison of Platelet Counts https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experiment-viii-showing-the-effect-of-the-same-2ed7degc.png Fig. 4.—Experiment VIII. Showing the effect of the same materials on two different preparations, Artery I and Artery II. Blood I : Blood platelets, 205,000. Blood II: Blood platelets, 248,000. Time: minutes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-of-experiments-continued-2wccrts5.png TABLE 1.—Data of Experiments—(Continued) https://scispace.com/papers/relational-concept-analysis-for-relational-data-exploration-2rzzv4kfnf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relation-context-family-example-objects-are-1su4pzjh.png Table 2 Relation Context Family example. Objects are presented as rows and attributes as columns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lattice-family-generated-from-the-relational-context-3tr8rvdy.png Fig. 2 Lattice Family generated from the Relational Context Family of table 2 after initialization step 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-excerpts-of-lattices-obtained-from-the-relational-23o6m0hb.png Fig. 6 Excerpts of lattices obtained from the relational context family of table 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-lattice-family-generated-from-the-relational-context-9g5qvhyn.png Fig. 3 Lattice Family generated from the Relational Context Family of table 2 after step 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-scaling-of-the-relation-taxonpresence-and-extension-19yzqxz1.png Table 3 Scaling of the relation taxonPresence and extension of context stations at step 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-famille-relationnelle-de-contextes-obtenue-partir-de-1sbukjmh.png Table 4 Famille relationnelle de contextes obtenue partir de nos donnes d’exemples en considrant les directions de relation de la figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-of-formal-context-objects-are-presented-as-fhkqak51.png Table 1 Example of formal context. Objects are presented as rows and attributes as columns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schema-of-the-data-used-by-our-example-1tapnpda.png Fig. 4 Schema of the data used by our example. https://scispace.com/papers/relational-concurrent-refinement-part-ii-internal-operations-2due8ff48r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-refusals-in-the-non-blocking-model-with-outputs-2t2nxd9j.png Fig. 6. Refusals in the non-blocking model—with outputs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-non-blocking-no-input-output-traces-divergences-and-14fm1bqb.png Fig. 2. Non-blocking, no input/output = traces–divergences and failures–divergences https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-refusals-in-the-non-blocking-model-20xuelh8.png Fig. 5. Refusals in the non-blocking model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-original-op-and-a-divergent-after-state-with-b-x-1j65nrce.png Fig. 4. The original Op, and a divergent after-state; with B⊥ × {⊥} added; finally also with Dω × Stateω ∪ {(ω,⊥)} https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-non-determinism-and-refusals-inclusion-2p16hxzx.png Fig. 7. Non-determinism and refusals inclusion https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-singleton-failures-vs-data-refinement-res06-tl4vat62.png Fig. 1. Singleton failures vs. data refinement [ReS06] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-non-blocking-with-input-output-traces-divergences-but-2l03yk2l.png Fig. 3. Non-blocking with input/output = traces–divergences but not failures–divergences https://scispace.com/papers/relations-between-autonomous-motivation-and-leisure-time-1idnbqq2i8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-minimum-and-maximum-values-means-and-standard-3fgpa2ca.png Table 1 Minimum and Maximum Values, Means, and Standard Deviations of Motivational Regulation Styles, Self-Regulation Techniques and Leisure Time Physical Activity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-standardized-parameter-estimates-of-a-structural-e4xj04vk.png Figure 2. Standardized parameter estimates of a structural equation model of effects among motivation, planning, self-monitoring, leisure-time physical activity, and demographic variables. Statistically significant indirect effects not shown in model: Autonomous motivation → Physical activity (β = .08, p = .050); Autonomous motivation → Selfmonitoring (β = .12, p = .021). Effects of gender, school, and past physical activity behavior as control variables on each variable in the model omitted for clarity, paths freely estimated in the model but not depicted in diagram: Gender → Autonomous motivation (β = .05, p = .458); Gender → Controlled motivation (β = -.19, p = .026); Gender → Action planning (β = -.13, p = .025); Gender → Coping planning (β = -.24, p < .001); Gender → Self-monitoring (β = .04, p = .490); Gender → Physical activity (β = -.14, p = .054); School → Autonomous motivation (β = -.02, p = .771); School → Controlled motivation (β = .023, p = .78); School → Action planning (β = -.09, p = .097); School → Coping planning (β = -.10, p = .097); School → Self-monitoring (β = .13, p = .032); School → Physical activity (β = -.02, p = .757); Past physical activity behavior → Autonomous motivation (β = .46, p < .001); Past physical activity behavior → Controlled motivation (β = -.10, p = .307); Past physical activity behavior → Action planning (β = .21, p = .002); Past physical activity behavior → Coping planning (β = .22, p = .004); Past physical activity behavior → Self-monitoring (β = .20, p = .007); Past physical activity behavior → Physical activity (β = .31, p < .001). * p < .05 ** p < .01 *** p < .001 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-zero-order-intercorrelations-and-reliability-2sl96x47.png Table 2 Zero-Order Intercorrelations and Reliability Coefficients for Study Variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proposed-structural-equation-model-illustrating-203eww3g.png Figure 1. Proposed structural equation model illustrating effects among self-determination theory, planning, self-monitoring, and behavioral variable. Effects of gender, school, and past physical activity behavior as control variables on each variable in the model omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/papers/relations-between-some-dimensions-of-semimodular-lattices-4whlafyo2a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3gh3p485.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-atmospheric-circulation-and-stable-1n2x91vzp6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-correlation-between-d18o-and-d2h-for-daily-ysgpfqwp.png Fig. 1 Correlation between δ18O and δ2H for daily precipitation samples (May–December 2010) coded by circulation type. The local meteoric water line is based on a linear regression through the 1992–2005 observations (Goloboc̀́anin et al. 2007) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-series-variations-of-dexcess-in-the-belgrade-area-3vnxmkt3.png Fig. 2 Time-series variations of dexcess in the Belgrade area (May-December 2010) coded by circulation type https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-aquaporin-5-expression-and-saliva-flow-iayal3dg7t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-labelling-indices-of-aqp5-in-submandibular-acinar-15w3lbey.png Table 1 Labelling indices of AQP5 in submandibular acinar cells from sham- and STZ-treated mice https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-blood-glycaemia-and-osmolality-of-sham-and-stz-146z83m5.png Figure 1 Blood glycaemia and osmolality of sham- and STZ-treated mice. Blood glycaemia and osmolality were determined as described in Material and methods. (a) blood glycaemia is expressed as blood glucose concentration in mg dl)1 and is the mean ± SEM of n = 6 for shamtreated mice and n = 3 for STZ-treated mice as glycaemia was above the upper limit of detection in three STZ-treated mice (> 630 mg dl)1). (b) blood osmolality is expressed as mOsm kg)1 and is the mean ± SEM of n = 6 mice. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired Student’s ttest. *P < 0.05 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-immunohistochemical-aqp5-localization-in-397tntdl.png Figure 2 Immunohistochemical AQP5 localization in submandibular acinar cells from sham- and STZ-treated mice. As described in Material and methods, localization of AQP5 was determined by immunohistochemistry in submandibular glands from (a) sham- and (b) STZ-treated mice. Images are representative of immunohistochemical staining performed on submandibular gland sections from three mice per group. Negative control staining was performed in the absence of antiAQP5 antibody or with anti-AQP5 antibody previously incubated with the immunizing peptide (not shown). Original magnification: · 40 https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-aortic-augmentation-index-and-blood-1386gfvh92 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physiological-measurements-at-rest-and-during-post-8hrc4dyc.png Table 1. Physiological measurements at rest and during post exercise muscle ischemia. 411 412 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pearson-correlation-and-linear-regression-analysis-2njo5dqk.png Table 2. Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis between AIx and arterial blood pressure. 420 https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-balance-and-aerobic-capacity-in-3y0xd8d83o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-regression-analysis-between-balance-and-maxvo2-in-2colqqjm.png Figure 2. Regression analysis between balance and MaxVO2 in both male and female. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-comparison-of-the-aerobic-capacity-and-balance-172gfs3r.png Table 2. A comparison of the aerobic capacity and balance performance according to gender. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-regression-analysis-between-balance-and-maxvo2-for-12sddvk9.png Figure 1. Regression analysis between balance and MaxVO2 for all athletes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-summary-for-the-female-and-male-athletes-h44fze53.png Table 1. Data summary for the female and male athletes. https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-cheatgrass-coverage-and-the-relative-51egepnpew 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-double-ended-funnel-trap-with-white-corrugated-plastic-1ijdnv0w.png Fig. 2. Double-ended funnel trap with white corrugated plastic cover attached to drift fence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relative-abundance-number-of-snakes-captured-per-10-h79sdhk7.png Fig. 4. Relative abundance (number of snakes captured per 10 days) of Coluber mormon (Y = –0.040X + 3.321; n = 28) and Pituophis catenifer deserticola (Y = –0.021X + 1.437; n = 7) as a function of Bromus tectorum coverage (%). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-utah-with-enlarged-area-showing-study-sites-on-31r3y2vp.png Fig. 1. Map of Utah with enlarged area showing study sites on Antelope Island, Utah. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-bromus-tectorum-coverage-determined-by-estimating-3cp52yfm.png Fig. 3. Mean Bromus tectorum coverage (%) determined by estimating abundance in each 1 × 1-m sample (n = 200 samples per site). Bars represent one standard deviation. Nonsignificant correlations are noted with an asterisk (*). All other relationships were significant at P < 0.001. https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-hba1c-and-cancer-in-people-with-or-23j17iv560 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-summary-of-the-results-of-studies-that-294g38z0.png Table 2. A summary of the results of studies that investigated HbA1c in relation to all cancers. https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-crystal-structure-and-multiferroic-81vnmrdfrz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-heisenberg-jc-jab-ja-jb-jdiag-j3nn-biquadratic-bc-and-135t7m81.png FIG. 6. Heisenberg (Jc, Jab, Ja , Jb, Jdiag, J3nn), biquadratic (Bc and Bab), and four-spin ring (Kc and Kab) exchange interactions considered in the model Hamiltonian of Eq. (3). The 40-atom o-RMnO3 supercell (1 × 2 × 1 of the 20-atom unit cell) containing eight Mn ions (purple spheres, the lighter spheres indicate Mn ions in neighboring cells) is shown (R and O ions are not shown). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-experimentally-determined-and-calculated-modulation-3fc4mhfa.png FIG. 10. Experimentally determined and calculated modulation vectors of the ground-state magnetic phases in bulk and strained o-RMnO3. Panel (a) shows qb for bulk o-RMnO3, and panel (b) shows that for the films of o-RMnO3. Black circles indicate experimentally determined (exp.) qb, and purple circles denote calculated qb (MC). The gray circle in panel (b) indicates the experimentally measured qb in the 26-nm film of LuMnO3, and the green circle shows the calculated qb for this film; the qb values for the 104-nm LuMnO3 film are shown with the usual black (measured) or purple (calculated with MC) circles (note that the purple circle at qb = 0.5 is obscured by the green circle). qb is in reciprocal lattice units. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-crystal-structure-of-o-rmno3-green-spheres-indicate-r3-1qeg6dgb.png FIG. 1. Crystal structure of o-RMnO3. Green spheres indicate R3+ cations; purple, Mn3+ cations; and red, O2− anions. Panel (a) shows the view in the bc plane, and panel (b) shows it in the ab plane (only Mn and O ions are shown). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-phase-diagram-of-bulk-o-rmno3-following-ref-34-borders-6ct0ux0x.png FIG. 3. Phase diagram of bulk o-RMnO3, following Ref. [34]. Borders are drawn based on magnetic susceptibility and electric polarization measurements conducted on powders. The area on the left of the dashed line in the E-AFM phase represents o-RMnO3 for which conflicting data on measurements of the magnetism and ferroelectricity was reported. Labels at the top of the image indicate the R ion associated with the radii indicated on the lower horizontal axis. Increased orange shading indicates higher predicted electric polarization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-d-p-d-superexchange-paths-within-the-ab-planes-in-o-1vjot7tz.png FIG. 2. d-p-d superexchange paths within the ab planes in o-RMnO3. (a) eg-pσ -eg superexchange paths. The cooperative JT distortion of MnO6 octahedra favors the ordering of the eg orbitals such that an occupied eg orbital (colored) on one Mn site overlaps with an empty eg orbital (white) on the neighboring Mn site via the pσ state of oxygen. (b) t2g-pπ -t2g superexchange paths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-theoretically-optimized-structural-parameters-of-3u6b4t11.png FIG. 7. Theoretically optimized structural parameters of strained films and bulk o-RMnO3 vs the radius of the R cation: Panels (a) and (b) give the Mn-O-Mn bond angles within the ab planes (IP angle) and along the c direction (OP angle), respectively; panels (c)–(e) show short (s), medium (m), and long (l) Mn-O bond lengths of the MnO6 octahedra, respectively; and panel (f) shows the lengths of the O(1)-O(2) bridges [see Fig. 1(b)] within the ab planes. Bulk samples are shown by empty circles and strained films by filled circles. For o-LuMnO3, the triangles denote calculations for hypothetical films which are compressively strained in the ac plane by the same amount but in the opposite direction as the experimentally measured tensile strained films. o-LuMnO3 26-nm film and the corresponding inverse case are highlighted in gray; 104-nm film and the inverse case are shown in black. Compressive strain within the ac planes of the o-RMnO3 films is shown by the violet color; tensile strain is indicated by the blue color. The dashed lines connecting the data points for bulk o-RMnO3 are guides to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-magnetic-modulation-vector-qb-as-function-of-radius-of-3q8z3wq7.png FIG. 4. Magnetic modulation vector qb as function of radius of the R ion. Literature data for bulk samples (single crystals and powders) [17,36,37,39–43] of o-RMnO3 are presented as empty circles. In Refs. [17,36,37,39,40,42,43], qb values were determined based on neutron diffraction measurements. Reference [41] is a study of the mixed crystal systems Eu1−xYxMnO3 and their qb values were extracted from XRD measurements of lattice modulation at low temperatures. Films (literature data from Refs. [21,44,45] and our new measurements) are indicated by filled circles. The dashed line indicates the trend for bulk materials, and the green solid line is that for relaxed films. The blue line shows the discrepancy between bulk samples and strained films with the same R ion. qb is in reciprocal lattice units. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-electric-polarizations-in-mc-cm2-calculated-for-1nkz67zf.png TABLE II. Electric polarizations (in μC/cm2) calculated for bulk and strained GdMnO3, ErMnO3, and LuMnO3 imposing EAFM, H-AFM, and I-AFM orders. The value of P corresponding to the ground-state magnetic phase is in bold font. https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-hippocampal-structure-and-memory-2vgi2pl1h4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-neuropsychological-performance-of-the-elderly-r21lapsc.png Figure 2. Neuropsychological performance of the elderly subjects. Depicted are group mean and standard deviation for every test after z transformation with respect to the appropriate norms (adjusted for age and education). Tests: Non Verbal Learning Test (NVLT), D2 Test of Attention (D2), California Verbal Learning Test (C-learn, C-del, C-rec), ‘‘Diagnosticum für Cerebralschädigung’’ (DCS), Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), Trail Making Test Part A and B (TMT-A, TMT-B). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-3hbs9q9w.png Table 1. (continued ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-peak-correlations-of-hippocampal-volume-with-local-2gal9u0y.png Table 1. (continued ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-group-comparison-of-subjects-with-highest-and-lowest-piful13e.png Table 2. Group Comparison of Subjects with Highest and Lowest Hippocampal Volume https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-partial-least-squares-pls-analyses-of-the-relation-3rq6rp4k.png Figure 3. Partial least squares (PLS) analyses of the relation of hippocampal volumes to ERPs in the elderly. (A) PLS with ERP voltages of the elderly elicited by all event classes. Bars on the left depict cross-correlation values of structural data and the topographic map displayed on the right. The topographical map displays the bootstrap ratios (BR, equivalent to z scores; absolute values higher than 1.96 can be considered reliable) for the brain salience of this pattern (latent variable [LV]). The parietal ERPs that are collapsed over all response and stimulus classes and that show the effect revealed in the PLS analysis are displayed on the right. (B) Equivalent to (A), but this time ERPs were normalized before being entered into PLS. The patterns separate CRs from R+ and R . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-behavioral-and-functional-results-of-the-erp-2feirlj5.png Figure 1. Behavioral and functional results of the ERP paradigm and correlations with hippocampal structure. (A) Correct recognition of studied faces (Hits), ‘‘old’’ responses to new faces (False alarms), correct background recall for hits. (B) Reaction time to all event classes (R+ = correct recognition of a studied face followed by correct background recall; R = correct recognition of a studied face followed by wrong background recall; M = misses; CR = correct rejections; FA = false alarms). (C) ERPs elicited at frontocentral (FC1 and FC2) and parietal (P3 and P4) electrode sites. The gray bars mark the late positive component (LPC) time window (500–700 msec). (D) Topographical maps of the mean voltage difference between ERPs for hits + correct background recall and correct rejections (correctly identified new faces) in the early (N400, 400–500 msec, top) and the LPC (500–700 msec, bottom) time window for the young (left) and elderly (right). (E) Correlation of hippocampal diffusion (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC]) and hippocampal volume and the left parietal (P3) ERP difference between hits + correct background recall and correct rejections in the LPC time window. (F) Correlation of nonverbal learning performance (DCS test) with hippocampal volume in the elderly (left) and six example configurations that have to be reproduced in the DCS test (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correlation-of-hippocampal-volume-with-local-gray-30ywymol.png Figure 4. Correlation of hippocampal volume with local gray matter (LGM) amount based on voxel-based morphometry. Top, displays the data overlaid on a ‘‘glass brain,’’ demonstrating the correlation of widespread limbic areas with hippocampal volume. Threshold t = 2.74 (corresponding to p < .005, uncorrected), cluster size > 150 suprathreshold voxels. Data set smoothed with a Gaussian kernel of 2 mm full width half maximum. BF = basal forebrain; CG = cingulate gyrus; HC = hippocampus; MO = medial orbitofrontal cortex; NA = nucleus accumbens; P = precuneus; PC = perirhinal cortex; SA = subcallosal area; TH = thalamus. All images in radiological convention (left is right). https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-osteoporosis-and-marginal-bone-loss-in-cttovol9p2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1svxxlga.png Table 4. https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-relative-brain-size-and-climbing-33bed4lgjg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scattergram-of-the-residuals-from-the-regression-in-64ewaj4q.png FIG. 4.-Scattergram of the residuals from the regression in Fig. 3A and the tail index for 18 subspecies of P. maniculatus; the correlation coefficient ( r ) is 0.666, P < 0.0025. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-scattergram-of-the-residuals-from-the-regression-in-25lc1hiw.png FIG. 5.-Scattergram of the residuals from the regression in Fig. 3B and the tail index for eight subspecies of P. leucopus; the correlation coefficient (r) is 0.692, P < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scattergrams-of-the-relationships-between-brain-volume-5223knyv.png FIG. 3.-Scattergrams of the relationships between brain volume and body length for subspecies of P. maniculatus (A), and P. leucopus (B). The regression lines are also shown; A) F value = 20.62, P < 0.0005; B) F value = 7.62, P < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scattergram-of-the-residuals-from-the-regression-in-xv0unkcn.png FIG. 2.-Scattergram of the residuals from the regression in Fig. 1 and the tail index for 11 species of Peromyscus (trivial names abbreviated). The correlation coefficient (r) is 0.499, P < 0.05. https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-perceived-exertion-and-mean-power-60r86kya9h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-individually-differentiated-slopes-of-normalized-mpf-9newrl12.png Fig. 3 Individually differentiated slopes of normalized MPF and Borg scale ratings were significantly correlated (P<0.01) for repeated shoulder elevation endurance tasks at 30% MVC. n=31, y= 1.489 x+0.051 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-initial-values-and-slopes-of-normalized-mpf-nmpf-and-1p3pxnhj.png Table 1 Initial values and slopes of normalized MPF (nMPF) and Borg scale ratings (BSR) for the trial 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-significant-correlation-p-0-01-between-normalized-39zukfv3.png Fig. 2 Significant correlation (P<0.01) between normalized slope of MPF and slope of Borg scale ratings for shoulder elevation endurance tasks at 30% MVC. n=31, linear regression lines: trial 1 (dashed) y = 0.5707 x+0.2118; trial 2 (dotted) y= 0.504 x+0.1386 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-set-up-3pxrwpis.png Fig. 1 Experimental set up https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-sedimentary-organic-matter-and-benthic-14yypp9l09 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-spatial-distributions-of-the-carbohydrate-lipid-and-1syamyt6.png Fig. 7. Spatial distributions of the carbohydrate, lipid and EHAA concentrations, and of the EHAA/THAA ratios recorded during the Moogli II cruise. Fig. 7. Variations spatiales des concentrations en carbohydrates, lipides et EHAA ainsi que des rapports EHAA/THAA mesurés pendant la campagne Moogli II. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-thaa-and-ehaa-spectra-recorded-during-the-pnoc-uq0zuift.png Fig. 3. Average THAA and EHAA spectra recorded during the Pnoc (A and D), HFF (B and E) and BBLL cruises (C and F). Fig. 3. Spectres moyens en THAA et en EHAA enregistrés pendant les campagnes Pnoc (A et D), HFF (B et E) et BBLL (C et F). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-main-characteristics-of-the-linear-regression-models-14xiw6s3.png Table 5 Main characteristics of the linear regression models linking biochemical and faunal parameters recorded during the Moogli II cruise within the 0–175 m depth range. Significant positive correlations (P < 0.05) are in bold. r2: determination coefficient, P: probability, a: slope, b: intercept, N: number of data Principales caractéristiques des modèles de régression linéaire simple reliant les paramètres biochimiques et faunistiques enregistrés pendant la campagne Moogli II entre 0 et 175 m de profondeur. Les corrélations significativement (p < 0.05) positives sont en gras. r2 : coefficient de détermination, P : probabilité, a : pente, b : ordonnée à l’origine, N : nombre de données https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bbll-cruises-main-characteristics-of-the-simple-1otvrd82.png Table 3 BBLL cruises. Main characteristics of the simple linear regression models linking biochemical and faunal parameters. Significant positive correlations (P < 0.05) are in bold. r2: determination coefficient, P: probability, a: slope, b: intercept, N: number of observations. OM: organic matter, C: organic carbon, N: nitrogen, TPRT: total proteins, APRT: available proteins, THAA: total hydrolysable amino acids, EHAA: enzymatically hydrolysable amino acids, LOM: labile organic matter Campagnes BBLL. Principales caractéristiques des modèles de régression linéaire simple (16 couples de données) reliant les paramètres biochimiques et faunistiques. Les corrélations significativement (p < 0.05) positives sont en gras. r2 : coefficient de détermination, P : probabilité, a : pente, b : ordonnée à l’origine, N : nombre d’observations. OM : Matière organique, C : Carbone organique, N : Azote, TPRT : Protéines totales, APRT : Protéines disponibles, THAA : Acides aminés totaux, EHAA : Acides aminés hydrolyzables enzymatiquement à froid, LOM : Matière organique labile https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-projections-of-the-variables-on-the-first-two-planes-vrt80ly8.png Fig. 10. Projections of the variables on the first two planes of the two PCAs based on both physiographical, biochemical and faunal parameters measured at the stations sampled during the Moogli II cruise and whose depth are less than 175 m. The first PCA (A) is based on: Z (depth), D (distance to the coast), C (organic carbon), N (nitrogen), OM (organic contents), Carb (carbohydrates), Lip (lipids), THAA (total hydrolysable amino acids), EHAA (enzymatically hydrolysable amino acids), AMeio: abundance of meiofauna, and AMacr (abundance of macrofauna). The last two variables are replaced by BNem (biomass of nematodes) and BMacr (biomass of macrofauna) within the second PCA (B). Fig. 10. Projections des variables sur les deux premiers plans principaux des deux ACP basées sur les paramètres physiographiques, biochimiques et faunistiques mesurées aux stations échantillonnées durant la campagne Moogli II et dont les profondeurs sont inférieures à 175 mètres. La première ACP (A) est basée sur: Z (profondeur), D (distance à la côte), C (carbone organique), N (azote), OM (contenus organiques), Carb (carbohydrates), Lip (lipides), THAA (acides aminés totaux), EHAA (acides aminés disponibles),AMeio:abondance de la meiofaune, etAMacr (abondance de la macrofaune). Ces deux dernières variables sont remplacées par BNem (biomasse de la nématofaune) et BMacr (biomasse de la macrofaune) dans la seconde ACP (B). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-moogli-ii-cruise-main-characteristics-of-the-semi-27jz4lqs.png Table 4 Moogli II cruise. Main characteristics of the semi-logarithmic regression models linking faunal parameters and depth. Significant (P < 0.05) correlations are in bold. r2: determination coefficient, P: probability, a: slope, b: intercept, N: number of observations Campagne Moogli II. Principales caractéristiques des modèles de régression semi-logarithmique liant les faunistiques et la profondeur. r2 : coefficient de détermination, P : probabilité, a : pente, b : ordonnée à l’origine, N : nombre d’observations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-spatial-distributions-of-meiofauna-abundance-nematode-unt1mmkj.png Fig. 9. Spatial distributions of meiofauna abundance, nematode biomass, macrofauna abundance and macrofauna biomass recorded during the Moogli II cruise. Fig. 9. Variations spatiales de l’abondance de la meiofaune, de la biomasse de la nematofaune, ainsi que de l’abondance et de la biomasse de la macrofaune telles que mesurées pendant la campagne Moogli II. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spatial-and-temporal-changes-in-the-main-biochemical-2wmddzke.png Fig. 4. Spatial and temporal changes in the main biochemical parameters recorded during the BBLL cruises. Fig. 4. Variations spatio-temporelles des principaux paramètres biochimiques mesurés lors des campagnes BBLL. https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-the-concentrations-of-dissolved-organic-1f22x44ff7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-total-dissolved-concentrations-and-fluxes-of-the-1bmv862z.png Figure 2: Total dissolved concentrations and fluxes of the sum of all PAHs measured in the water 674 samples (bars represent averages for all four sampling events, symbols show concentrations of 675 the sum of 2- and 3-ring PAHs and of 4- to 7-ring PAHs during individual sampling events). 676 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correlation-between-concentrations-of-pahs-total-22kompa8.png Figure 4: Correlation between concentrations of PAHs (total dissolved) and DOC (both normalised by site average). https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-the-geometrical-and-structural-3dd8ieqno8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-3j6wqd7m.png Table 1 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-global-analysis-of-the-kx-permeability-variations-s5eq200k.png Table 2 Global analysis of the kx permeability variations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-permeability-component-kx-of-each-synthetic-network-v17jyeuo.png Figure 8 Permeability component kx of each synthetic network. Nine values of permeability, resulting from the combination of the three mean stopping capacity of bedding planes SC and the three standard deviation rLi , are associated to each mean length Li of the bedding perpendicular joint spacing distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-ratio-k1-k2-between-the-true-permeability-value-2jk4lgue.png Figure 11 Ratio (k1/k2) between the true permeability value and the permeability obtained with the fracture density model for all networks. The empty and filled symbols correspond to the ratio of the kx and kz components, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-the-stopping-capacity-of-the-2auascvl.png Figure 3 Distribution of the stopping capacity of the bedding planes (SC) calculated for each intensity Ii of the bedding plane impedance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sketch-illustrating-the-range-of-simulated-2ss7nkxp.png Figure 2 Sketch illustrating the range of simulated synthetic networks. (a) Low density, small bedding perpendicular joint length and high stopping capacity. (b) Low density, high bedding perpendicular joint length and high stopping capacity of bedding planes. (c) High density, high bedding perpendicular joint length and high stopping capacity of bedding planes. (d) High density, high bedding perpendicular joint length and low stopping capacity of bedding planes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-sketch-showing-the-flow-paths-along-y-direction-nu9zetwk.png Figure 7 (a) Sketch showing the flow paths along y-direction normal to bedding. (b) Boundary conditions for flow simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-main-directional-components-of-the-effective-jek39xgt.png Figure 10 Main directional components of the effective permea https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-the-sensory-determined-astringency-and-40lw9x0qdp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-monomeric-flavan-3-ols-profiles-of-the-studied-red-azeeg1n2.png Figure 1. Monomeric flavan-3-ols profiles of the studied red wines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dendrogram-obtained-from-the-cluster-analysis-tpr45tzm.png Figure 3. Dendrogram obtained from the cluster analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-the-mlr-analysis-for-the-perceived-35ih3pua.png Table 3. Results of the MLR Analysis for the Perceived Astringencya https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-observed-vs-predicted-plot-for-the-astringency-of-jmuyqhd7.png Figure 2. Observed vs predicted plot for the astringency of the studied red wines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-grape-cultivar-vintage-pdo-and-sensorydetermined-t4jng33l.png Table 1. Grape Cultivar, Vintage, PDO, and SensoryDetermined Astringency of the Selected Red Wines https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-waist-circumference-and-supine-3reaguawez 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measurements-of-central-tendency-and-variability-of-1xfut4j3.png Table 1 Measurements of central tendency and variability of the biochemical parameters and blood pressure with respect to the occurrence of metabolic disorders in older women (n = 113) in Viçosa in 2008 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-distribution-of-the-areas-under-the-receiver-31vk33b6.png Table 4 Distribution of the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve stratified by waist circumference (WC) and supine abdominal height (SAH), measured at different anatomical sites, in the detection of the risk of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in older women (n = 113) in Viçosa, in 2008 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-partial-correlations-between-waist-circumference-wc-11geax1y.png Table 2 Partial correlations between waist circumference (WC), supine abdominal height (SAH), measured at different anatomical sites, with biochemical and clinical factors, adjusted for age and body mass index in older women (n = 113) in Viçosa, in 2008 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-areas-under-the-receiver-operating-2lx85yv8.png Table 3 Distribution of areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve stratified by waist circumference (WC) and supine abdominal height (SAH), measured at different anatomical sites, in the detection of components of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in older women (n = 113) in Viçosa in 2008 https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-virulence-and-repellency-of-3gfshor993 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-lethal-time-lt50-values-of-time-mortality-1wngaxnm.png Table 2 The Lethal Time (LT50) values of time-mortality responses of various isolates ofMetarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana againstMacrotermes michaelseni at a constant conidial concentration (107 conidia ml 1). CLs represent the confidence limits of the LT50 values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-lethal-concentration-lc50-values-of-mortality-1dg36z4b.png Table 3 The Lethal concentration (LC50) values of mortality–dose responses of various isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana against Macrotermes michaelseni when exposed to various concentrations of conidia (conidia ml 1). The data used were for 4 days post-infection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagram-of-the-olfactometer-used-in-testing-repellency-398av376.png Fig. 1. Diagram of the olfactometer used in testing repellency of isolates of fungi. A–C are the compartments of the specially designed Y-olfactometer. The unshaded (push) and the shaded (pull) parts show the illuminated and unilluminated areas, respectively. The edge next to compartments B and C was briefly (<30 s) lifted to score the data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-viability-of-various-isolates-of-metarhizium-3e97dsea.png Table 1 Viability of various isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana used against Macrotermes michaelseni. These isolates of fungi were isolated from various substrates from different localities. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-rd50-values-of-repellency-dose-responses-of-3o6co7hb.png Table 4 The RD50 values of repellency–dose responses of various strains of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana againstMacrotermes michaelseniwhen exposed to varying doses of dry conidia (conidia g 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relationship-between-virulence-lc50-conidia-ml-1-and-d8uyjkfw.png Fig. 3. Relationship between virulence (LC50, conidia ml 1) and repellency (RD50, g) of Metarhizium anisopliae, towards termite, Macroterms michaelseni where a (ICIPE 51), b (ICIPE 30), c (ICIPE 18), d (ICIPE 49), e (ICIPE 60), f (ICIPE 20), g (ICIPE 21), h (ICIPE 41) and i (ICIPE 69) represent the different fungal isolates. The relationship shows positive correlation between virulence and repellency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-repellency-of-a-highly-pathogenic-isolate-bqp9b6uw.png Fig. 2. Repellency of a highly pathogenic isolate ofMetarhizium anisopliae (ICIPE 30) at different doses of dry conidia (g) against Macrotermes michaelseni. https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-finance-informed-liquidity-and-monetary-policy-4jp5ivj694 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-credit-relationships-rfp-levels-and-rfp-cyclicality-1c1n7k34.png Figure 5: Credit Relationships, RFP Levels, and RFP Cyclicality. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-timeline-2vyv6yfc.png Figure 3: Timeline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-credit-relationships-output-levels-and-volatility-13nerzft.png Figure 1: Credit Relationships, Output Levels and Volatility. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-credit-relationships-and-firms-cash-holdings-1uc2j1r4.png Figure 2: Credit Relationships and Firms’ Cash Holdings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effects-of-credit-relationships-2i5vt8fg.png Figure 4: Effects of Credit Relationships. https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-water-permeability-and-pore-structure-47a16a5gog 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cumulative-pore-size-distribution-measured-by-sakai-et-3g5fr152.png Fig. 1 Cumulative pore-size distribution measured by Sakai et al. [18] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relationship-between-water-permeability-and-the-total-3n59ommz.png Fig. 2 Relationship between water permeability and the total pore volume https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relationship-between-water-permeability-and-the-median-1qrlmd3d.png Fig. 4 Relationship between water permeability and the median pore diameter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relationship-between-water-permeability-and-the-38bemgh1.png Fig. 3 Relationship between water permeability and the critical pore diameter https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-literature-used-in-this-study-9190kwcs.png Table 1 List of literature used in this study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relationship-between-water-permeability-and-the-12avoa2m.png Fig. 5 Relationship between water permeability and the ordinary threshold pore https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-relationship-between-water-permeability-and-the-zyghbkt5.png Fig. 6 Relationship between water permeability and the threshold pore diameter obtained based on the percolation theory https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-characteristics-as-moderators-of-the-46ydoyoavu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-causal-model-of-main-effects-2t2c7ge0.png Figure 1: CAUSAL MODEL OF MAIN EFFECTS https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-multiple-group-causal-analysis-30eu1hes.png Table 2: RESULTS OF MULTIPLE GROUP CAUSAL ANALYSIS https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimates-of-structural-equation-coefficients-direct-zgxozicm.png Table 3: ESTIMATES OF STRUCTURAL EQUATION COEFFICIENTS - Direct Effects - https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measurement-information-2tek755v.png Table 1: MEASUREMENT INFORMATION https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-of-restriction-fragment-length-polymorphisms-52zyfdvos1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-least-squares-means-for-calpastatin-activity-and-3kj0kreq.png Table 2. Least squares means for calpastatin activity and Warner-Bratzler shear force separated by EcoRI RFLP genotypea https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-least-squares-means-for-calpastatin-activity-and-2uzw40rn.png Table 1. Least squares means for calpastatin activity and Warner-Bratzler shear force separated by BamHI RFLP genotypea https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-restriction-fragment-patterns-of-eight-unrelated-1w1351u8.png Figure 2. Restriction fragment patterns of eight unrelated steers after genomic DNA was digested with EcoRI and probed with a radiolabeled cDNA encoding for domains 2, 3, 4, and a 3′ untranslated region of bovine calpastatin. The 6.0-kb fragment was termed the C allele and the 4.0-kb fragment was termed the D allele. Assigned genotypes label each lane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-restriction-fragment-patterns-of-12-unrelated-y18txkm2.png Figure 1. Restriction fragment patterns of 12 unrelated steers after genomic DNA was digested with BamHI and probed with a radiolabeled cDNA encoding for domains 2, 3, 4, and a 3′ untranslated region of bovine calpastatin. The 9.0-kb fragment was termed the A allele and the 5.0-kb fragment was termed the B allele. Assigned genotypes label each lane. https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-of-patient-volume-and-service-concentration-4qxa1ugz3e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flowchart-of-the-study-showing-2qn6viad.png Fig. 1. Flowchart of the study, showing https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relation-between-organizational-characteristics-and-1rru7eid.png Table 2 Relation Between Organizational Characteristics and Successful Rehabilitation (Including Rehabilitation With the Diagnosis of Traumatic Injuries, Stroke, and Total Joint Replacem https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-specific-investment-as-a-barrier-to-entry-519pe85myc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-area-of-entry-deterrence-under-linear-wholesale-ss423xuh.png Figure 7: Area of entry deterrence under linear wholesale pricing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-joint-profits-of-upstream-and-downstream-firms-when-ah02xx81.png Figure 4: Joint profits of upstream and downstream firms when investment is efficient https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-downstream-firms-total-marginal-cost-at-each-period-3tjlng2s.png Table 1: Downstream firm’s total marginal cost at each period in each subgame https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-equilibrium-profits-and-equilibrium-entry-behavior-3eisus0x.png Table 2: Equilibrium profits and equilibrium entry behavior in the subgames after Period 1.1 Note: is some infinitesimally small number. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-area-of-entry-deterrence-2p17978o.png Figure 3: Area of entry deterrence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-current-benefit-and-future-loss-ktzer3xf.png Figure 6: Current benefit and future loss https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-timeline-1cz59zrj.png Figure 1: Timeline https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-social-desirability-of-the-relationship-specific-3j88yl2l.png Figure 5: Social desirability of the relationship-specific investment https://scispace.com/papers/relationships-among-calcium-dependent-protease-cathepsins-b-15dlv306rr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-analyses-relating-total-activities-of-pyocuaim.png TABLE 3. REGRESSION ANALYSES RELATING TOTAL ACTIVITIES OF CATHEPSINS B AND H TO SELECTED SHEAR-FORCE MEASURES https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-coefficients-among-total-activity-of-2dthl1kw.png TABLE 2. CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS AMONG TOTAL ACTIVITY OF CATHEPSIN B, CATHEPSIN H, &GLUCURONIDASE, Ca-DEPENDENT PROTEASE-I AND -11 AND SELECTED TENDERNESS MEASURES https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-standard-errors-for-apparent-specific-2zmzlpbx.png TABLE 1. MEANS AND STANDARD ERRORS FOR APPARENT SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES AND TOTAL ACTIVITIES OF PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-of-type-iii-radio-bursts-with-quasi-periodic-1pfxrd6h7x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-wavelet-power-spectra-colored-plots-of-the-high-1kh4d2m4.png Figure 5. Wavelet power spectra (colored plots) of the high-frequency component of different data. The width of the smoothing interval τ = 60 s is used. In each panel, the normalized time profile is overplotted in the wavelet power spectrum. The green contour indicates the 99% significance level. The plot to the right of the colored one is the global wavelet spectrum obtained by integration of the wavelet power spectrum over time. The dashed line here shows the 99% significance level. The panels correspond to the following time profiles: (a) the thermal X-ray source size calculated within 50% level of the maximal flux at 3–10 keV, (b) the RHESSI flux at 3–10 keV, (c) the RHESSI flux at 50–100 keV, (d) the RHESSI flux at 100–300 keV, (e) the NoRH flux at 17 GHz, (f) the NoRH flux at 34 GHz, (g) the RSTN Learmonth flux at 32 MHz. The time axis corresponds to the interval 03:07:00–03:10:30 UT for panels from (a) to (f) and to 03:07:00–03:12:00 UT for panel (g). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-dynamic-spectrum-for-type-iii-bursts-obtained-1iu91k8y.png Figure 3. Left: dynamic spectrum for type III bursts obtained with the Learmonth Solar Radio Spectrograph. The horizontal axis is the time (in seconds) strating from 03:07:02 UT, the vertical axis is frequency. Five selected frequency bands are enclosed between the pairs of similarly colored dashed horizontal lines. Right: the time profiles of the signals in these five spectral bands. The color of a curve corresponds to the color of the boundaries of the frequency bands shown in the left panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-profiles-of-hard-x-ray-emission-during-the-btsa6zet.png Figure 1. Time profiles of hard X-ray emission during the impulsive phase of the flare on May 6, 2005 normalised by the maxima. . (a) RHESSI fluxes at 50–100 keV (black line) and SONG fluxes at 43–82 keV (blue) (b) RHESSI fluxes at 100–300 keV (red) and SONG fluxes at 82–230 keV (green). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-profiles-in-ut-of-norh-rhessi-and-rstn-10ufl7o9.png Figure 2. Time profiles (in UT) of NoRH, RHESSI, and RSTN Learmonth fluxes normalised by the maxima. RHESSI time profile is shifted artificially upward by 0.1 of arbitary unit in order to distinguish the time profiles of X-ray emission and NoRH flux. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-time-profiles-of-plasma-temperature-red-curve-3k0mn5qi.png Figure 4. Left: time profiles of plasma temperature (red curve) and electron spectral index δ (blue curve) defined using RHESSI data with the cadence time ∆t = 4 s. The error bars are the 1–sigma errors returned by the fitting routine for each fit parameter. The black curve corresponds to the NoRH 17 GHz flux. Right: normalized time profiles of the source size measured within 30% level (blue curve), 50% level (green curve), 70% level (orange curve), and 90% level (red curve) of the maximal RHESSI 3–10 keV flux. https://scispace.com/papers/relationships-between-ccz-and-ea-equivalence-classes-and-ux3uj02yp0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-classification-of-all-differentially-4-uniform-25ow6xd2.png Table 4. Classification of all differentially 4-uniform permutations of order 15 into CCZ equivalence classes, and some invariants of these classes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-classification-of-representative-functions-f-x-xi-2sjwqtdq.png Table 2. Classification of representative functions f(x) = xi for m = 8 into CCZ equivalence classes, and some invariants of these classes. Classes with ∆(f) = 2 are the APN functions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-invariant-multiset-m-f-for-the-monomial-power-27e0jpev.png Table 3. Invariant multiset M(f) for the monomial power functions f(x) = xi for all 3 ≤ m ≤ 8 in Tables 1 and 2, where Ci is the cyclotomic coset of i mod 2m − 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-classification-of-all-monomial-power-functions-f-x-10jainkb.png Table 1. Classification of all monomial power functions f(x) = xi for 3 ≤ m ≤ 7 into CCZ equivalence classes, and some properties of these classes. https://scispace.com/papers/relationships-between-dimensions-of-disability-experienced-1kfac948ji 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-participants-n-913-1lv071hr.png Table 1: Characteristics of Participants (n=913) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-legend-w1cwcv37.png Fig. 2 Legend https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measurement-model-of-dimensions-of-disability-b4tu98z2.png Table 2 –Measurement Model of Dimensions of Disability https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hypothesized-structural-model-of-relationships-between-1xhaumui.png Fig. 1: Hypothesized Structural Model of Relationships between Dimensions of Disability https://scispace.com/papers/relationships-between-biochemical-attributes-non-structural-1r5f17kwtv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-soluble-non-structural-carbohydrate-contents-in-teak-2g6zb4xj.png Fig. 2 Soluble non-structural carbohydrate contents in teak (Tectona grandis L. f.): glucose, fructose, and sucrose in sapwood (SW) and heartwood (HW). Heartwood is divided into outer heartwood (OHW), middle heartwood (MHW) and inner heartwood (IHW). Values are the mean of 6 independent samples for the sapwood and for the outer, the middle, and the inner heartwood. Standard deviations are displayed as bars. a–h indicate statistically significant values using the Mann– Whitney test when p < 0.05 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagram-of-the-wood-samples-used-for-chemical-analyses-3p9euny1.png Fig. 1 Diagram of the wood samples used for chemical analyses (Step 1) and natural durability measures (Step 2). Transverse slices were sawn from stem discs from the different trees. White or black rectangles in the diagram indicate wood samples. Wood samples were collected from sapwood (SW), outer heartwood (OHW), middle heartwood (MHW), and inner heartwood (IHW). Another wood slice was collected longitudinally in the outer heartwood for natural durability assessment https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-trees-and-samples-characteristics-3sgfgmq6.png Table 1 Trees and samples characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/relationships-between-equilibrium-loss-and-death-as-37snt2d0ji 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-re-la-t-i-onsh-ip-between-geometric-mean-equ-i-l-un5f0u15.png FIGURE 4. A ) Re la t i onsh ip Between Geometric Mean Equ i l i br ium Loss and Death Times f o r a l l Juven i l e Chinook Salmon f o r Which Data were Ava i l ab le . Means and 95% conf idence i n t e r v a l s a r e https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-re-la-t-i-onsh-ips-o-f-e-q-u-i-l-i-b-r-i-u-m-loss-2x6vi6ps.png TABLE 1. Re la t i onsh ips o f E q u i l i b r i u m Loss and Death o f J u v e n i l e Chinook Salmon t o Shock Temperature https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cor-re-la-t-i-on-c-o-e-f-f-i-c-i-e-n-t-s-between-equ-194rsr1b.png TABLE 2 . Cor re la t i on C o e f f i c i e n t s Between Equ i l i b r i um Loss and Death o f I n d i v i d u a l Juven i l e Chinook Salmon i n Four Rearing Lo ts o f 10 F i sh Each, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cubic-models-o-f-geometric-mean-gm-times-t-o-e-q-u-1q0coz5e.png FIGURE 1. Cubic Models o f Geometric Mean (GM) Times t o E q u i l i b r i u m Loss (EL) and Death (D) o f Juven i l e Chinook Salmon w i t h S i m i l a r Rearing H i s t o r y https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cubic-models-o-f-geometric-mean-times-t-o-e-q-u-i-l-2h49y0x3.png FIGURE 2. Cubic Models o f Geometric Mean Times t o E q u i l i b r i u m Loss (dashed) and Death ( s o l i d ) ~n o f a l l Juven i l e Chinook Salmon f o r Which Data were A v a i l a b l e ( d e t a i l s i n Table 1 ) . r0 0 Confidence l i m i t s (95%) as shown f o r bo th p o i n t s and 1 ines. https://scispace.com/papers/relationships-between-internal-and-external-information-54gowo31ep 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conceptual-model-33eseghx.png Fig. 1. Conceptual Model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-standardized-structural-model-parameter-1qn59s8o.png Table 4 Summary of standardized structural model parameter estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-of-latent-variables-hleqkvf4.png Table 3 Correlations of latent variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-testing-of-the-mediation-effects-of-quality-1y55b0q6.png Table 5 Testing of the mediation effects of quality performance and cost performance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-standardized-structural-path-coefficients-1l3b0ke6.png Fig. 2. Standardized structural path coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-3vvsacyj.png Table 1 (continued ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-3ge0mzr0.png Table 1 (continued ) https://scispace.com/papers/relationships-between-structural-complexity-coral-traits-and-2j2y1shsmb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-top-models-describing-reef-fish-assemblages-a-total-13vvnnbk.png Table 2 Top models describing reef fish assemblages, a) total abundance, b) biomass and c) species richness. Check marks 833 indicate presence of variables in the 95% top model candidate set. Model characteristics (degrees of freedom, df; log 834 Likelihood, logLik; AIC scores corrected for small sample sizes, AICc; and model weight, Weight) are also presented for each 835 model. 836 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structural-complexity-and-coral-assemblage-variables-2soxj0ul.png Table 1 Structural complexity and coral assemblage variables of total cover, richness and functional diversity, life histories, 828 and community-weighted trait values considered as predictors of reef fish abundance, biomass and species richness. A 829 description and justification is provided for each variable, as well as the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) used to assess 830 independence of variables. 831 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-top-models-describing-structural-complexity-of-157-2trbg021.png Table 3 Top models describing structural complexity of 157 sites in Seychelles, Maldives, Chagos and the Great Barrier Reef. 839 Check marks indicate presence of variables in the 95% top model candidate set. Model characteristics (degrees of freedom, df; 840 log Likelihood, logLik; AIC scores corrected for small sample sizes, AICc; and model weight, Weight) are also presented for 841 each model. 842 https://scispace.com/papers/relationships-computational-thinking-pedagogy-of-programming-4169jv5t7o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-computational-thinking-pedagogy-of-3esrrxlr.png Figure 1. Model: computational thinking, pedagogy of https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bloom-s-levels-of-teaching-programming-2cn7w5yu.png Table 1. Bloom's levels of teaching programming https://scispace.com/papers/relative-abundance-and-distribution-of-mariana-swiftlets-gllwy2zrj4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-annual-attendance-counts-of-mariana-swiftlets-2snq2tml.png Figure 2. Mean annual attendance counts of Mariana Swiftlets at four swiftlet roosting and nesting caves on Saipan 1985–2005. An arrow indicates the year (1990) that cockroach control was initiated in two of the four colonies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sum-of-attendance-counts-at-four-major-swiftlet-red4hvah.png Figure 3. Sum of attendance counts at four major swiftlet roosting and nesting caves on Saipan 1985–2005. Data are from all available surveys (between 2 and 12 surveys per year). The dashed line represents the four-colony 1985–1992 decreasing population trend described by a second-order polynomial model (R2 ¼ 0.43). The dotted line represents a third-order polynomial model fit to the 1998–2005 data (R2 ¼ 0.82) describing an apparently fluctuating, but increasing, population. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-20310fte.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2p8lpbom.png TABLE 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fc3g0mrz.png TABLE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-mariana-swiftlet-colony-locations-on-saipan-28wy1oga.png Figure 1. Map of Mariana Swiftlet colony locations on Saipan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-arrival-counts-at-three-swiftlet-roosting-and-l8k19p5x.png Figure 4. Arrival counts at three swiftlet roosting and nesting caves on Aguiguan 1985–2002. Data include counts at each cave, the total of the three caves, and the total island count for the survey period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mkbk0car.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/papers/relative-age-effect-in-female-sport-a-diachronic-examination-3n1t0xctoz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-dropout-in-french-female-soccer-2006-1jlscii0.png Table 3. Distribution of dropout in French female soccer (2006-2007). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dropout-in-french-female-soccer-2006-2007-3c0aljf7.png Table 2. Dropout in French female soccer (2006-2007). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-french-female-soccer-players-2006-2-3vrj1cl6.png Table 1. Distribution of French female soccer players (2006-2 07). https://scispace.com/papers/relative-dopa-deficiency-in-lightly-pigmented-skin-4rvyzkxoss 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dopa-inhibits-oncogenic-gq-signaling-and-represses-32m4khx4.png Figure 4: DOPA inhibits oncogenic Gq signaling and represses FOXM1. (a) FOXM1 mRNA-level determined via qPCR of time-course in A375 human melanoma treated with 25 µM L-DOPA and 6.25 µM carbidopa for increasing amounts of time. P-value * = 0.0142, ** = 0.0054, **** < 0.0001. (b) Western blot of FOXM1 and c-Myc at baseline in light and dark melanocytes. (c) Proliferation in A375 cells following transduction with FOXM1C versus empty vector +/- 25 µM L-DOPA and 6.25 µM carbidopa. P-value **** < 0.0001. (d) Western blot confirming FOXM1C overexpression in A375 human melanoma. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pharmacologic-foxm1-inhibition-suppresses-melanoma-3d65ivuc.png Figure 5: Pharmacologic FOXM1 inhibition suppresses melanoma growth and extends animal survival. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cell-intrinsic-differences-render-dmcs-less-l4lhhies.png Figure 1: Cell-intrinsic differences render DMCs less tumorigenic than LMCs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dopa-inhibits-mc-proliferation-and-melanoma-in-3pkcjjpg.png Figure 2: DOPA inhibits MC proliferation and melanoma in vitro and in vivo. (a) Schematic diagram depicting melanin synthesis. Pharmacologic inhibitors used in this paper are shown in red. (b) LC-MS quantitation of DOPA content in lightly pigmented melanocytes (LMC) and darkly pigmented melanocytes (DMC). (c) Dose curve of L-DOPA in representative LMC and DMC after 4 days L-DOPA treatment. (d) LMCs treated with either 25 µM L-DOPA, 75 µM phenylthiourea (PTU), or a combination. P-value *** = 0.0001, **** < 0.0001 analyzed via t-test relative to control. (e) DMCs treated with either 25 µM L-DOPA, 75 µM phenylthiourea (PTU), or a combination. P-value **** = 0.0006 analyzed via t-test relative to control. (f) Panel of melanoma cell lines treated with combination 25 µM L-DOPA and 6.25 µM carbidopa. (g) YUMM1.7 murine melanoma growth in syngeneic BL/6 mice treated with vehicle or 300 mg/kg L-DOPA methyl ester and 75 mg/kg carbidopa. P-value ** = 0.0065. n=5 for each group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dopa-antagonizes-chrm1-a-dopa-mediated-gpcr-1lk16s97.png Figure 3: DOPA antagonizes CHRM1. (a) DOPA mediated GPCR activation or inhibition as determined by the PRESTO-Tango reporter assay. Data points are shaded based on relative expression determined using RNA-sequencing in melanocytes (FPKM). (b) Log fold enrichment of CRISPR gRNAs selected for or against. Controls for pro-tumorigenic proteins included CDK9 and PCNA. GPER served as an internal GPCR tumor suppressor control. High confidence hits are targets with at least 5 guides that are selected for (>5-fold) or against (<0.1-fold), and where those 5 guides represent at least 50% of total guides for that gene. (c) siRNA mediated CHRM1depeletion in A375 human melanoma in the presence of 25 µM L-DOPA and 6.25 µM carbidopa after 5 days treatment. (d) qPCR for CHRM1 mRNA in A375 after siRNA treatment confirming knockdown. Timepoint taken 24 hours after siRNA transfection. (e) Effect of 25 µM L-DOPA and 6.25 µM https://scispace.com/papers/relative-age-is-associated-with-sport-dropout-evidence-from-4ub8j1fcqf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-dropouts-in-male-players-2005-06-35a7ssfx.png Table 3. Distribution of dropouts in male players (2005-06). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dropouts-in-female-players-2005-2006-1ynjdf24.png Table 2. Dropouts in female players (2005-2006). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dropouts-in-male-players-2005-2006-2hjo14sh.png Table 1. Dropouts in male players (2005-2006). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-distribution-of-dropouts-in-female-players-2005-06-cce80mo6.png Table 4. Distribution of dropouts in female players (2005-06). https://scispace.com/papers/relative-and-quantitative-rhizosphere-microbiome-profiling-dzdww1g9cp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlation-tests-between-relative-and-absolute-2bkh30ja.png Table 1. Correlation tests between relative and absolute abundances of the most abundant bacterial phyla associated with rhizosphere of four wheat genotypes grown in soil with two different water stress history sampled from same wheat field from Saskatchewan with a water stress history (NI) and with no https://scispace.com/figures/figures-2-the-effect-of-soil-history-on-a-the-relative-and-b-1jr0he9h.png Figures 2. The effect of soil history on (a) the relative and (b) estimated absolute abundance of different fungal phyla associated with rhizosphere of four wheat genotypes grown in soil with two different water stress history sampled from same wheat field from Saskatchewan with a water stress history (NI) and with no history of water stress (IR) exposed to four level of soil water https://scispace.com/papers/relative-evaluation-of-water-stress-indicators-for-soybeans1-3hqdsby0mt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-meteorological-parameters-during-the-1976-growing-e-1xm1smuy.png Table 1. Meteorological parameters during the 1976 growing ~e ason at the Western Iowa Experimental Farm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-seasonal-changes-in-soil-water-potential-overall-daily-gk8jvsk2.png Fig. 1. Seasonal changes in soil-water potential, overall daily means of stomatal conductance, and leaf-water potential. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relative-growth-rate-of-soybeans-as-a-function-of-stoi-1cbnejxx.png Fig. 5. Relative growth rate of soybeans as a function of stoi natal conductance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-response-of-relative-growth-rate-of-soybeans-to-rate-3muxs141.png Fig. 7. Response of relative growth rate of soybeans to rate of leaf area expansion. https://scispace.com/papers/relative-hemilabilities-of-h2b-az-2-az-pyrazolyl-2scq6sfxab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-molecular-structure-of-8-50-probability-ellipsoids-3n4kjflp.png Figure 6. Molecular structure of 8 (50% probability ellipsoids) in the solid state. Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles (°): W1–C5 1.937(4), W1–C4 1.972(4), W1– C2 2.205(4), W1–C1 2.323(4), W1–C3 2.326(5), W1–N31 2.208(4), W1–N21 2.237(4), W1–N11 2.237(3), C1–C2 1.412(7), N22–B1 1.556(6), C2–C3 1.413(6), B1–H1B1 1.16(5), B1–H2B1 1.17(5), C5–W1–C4 83.57(17), C5–W1–N31 87.53(16), C4–W1–N31 90.50(16), C4–W1–N21 93.75(15), N31–W1–N21 78.45(13), C5–W1– N11 95.05(15), C4–W1–N11 169.28(15), N31–W1–N11 78.81(13), N21–W1–N11 84.98(12), N12–B1–N22 108.4(3), C1–C2–C3 115.2(4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-molecular-structure-of-6-50-probability-ellipsoids-2beuojyp.png Figure 4. Molecular structure of 6 (50% probability ellipsoids) in the solid state. Phenyl https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-views-co-ligands-removed-along-the-metal-b-vectors-17uaa54m.png Figure 7. Views (co-ligands removed) along the metal-B vectors for k3-S,S’,S”HB(mt)3, k3-H,S,S’-H2B(mt)2, k3-H,N,N’-H2B(pz)2 and k3-H,N,N’-H2B(pz*)2 scorpionate complexes including topographic steric maps.66 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-truncated-cosy-nmr-spectra-for-2-dh-and-dc-28csbgdd.png Figure 1. Truncated COSY NMR spectra for 2 (dH and dC). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-carbonyl-associated-infrared-dataa-for-selected-2t00cg1c.png Table 1. Carbonyl-associated Infrared dataa for Selected Molybdenum Allyl Complexes [Mo(h-C3H5)(CO)2(fac-L)]x+.39,40,a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-molecular-structure-of-4-in-a-crystal-of-4-ch2cl2-1vhrpk43.png Figure 3. Molecular structure of 4 in a crystal of 4.CH2Cl2 (50% probability ellipsoids) in the solid state. Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles (deg): W1–S1 2.587(2), W1–S2 2.473(2), W1–C1 2.378(8), W1–C2 2.236(7), 2.322(8), W1–C4 1.953(9), W1–B1 2.984(9), W1–H1 1.96(8), B1–H1 1.26(9), B1–H2 1.09(8), S1–W1– S2 84.87(7), S1–W1–C5 97.37(24), S2–W1–C4 85.36(26), C1–C2–C3 116.2(8). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-molecular-structure-of-3-in-a-crystal-of-3-ch2cl2-1bnypbkc.png Figure 2. Molecular structure of 3 in a crystal of 3.CH2Cl2 (50% probability ellipsoids) in the solid state. Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles (°): Mo1–S1 2.6047(8), Mo1–S2 2.4832, Mo1–C1, 2.365(3), Mo1–C2 2.231(3), Mo1–C3 2.326(3), Mo1–C4 1.956(3), Mo1–C5 1.943(3), Mo1–B1 3.003(3), Mo1–H 1.97(3), B1–H1 1.19(3), B1–H2 1.11(3), S1–Mo1–S2 85.27(3), S1–Mo–C1 79.34(11), S1– Mo–C2 86.5(1), C4–Mo–C5 80.00(11), Mo1–H1–B1 143(3), C1–C2–C3 117.0(3), N12–B1–N22 110.1. Inset = view along B…Mo vector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-molecular-structure-of-7-50-probability-ellipsoids-1d773104.png Figure 5. Molecular structure of 7 (50% probability ellipsoids) in the solid state. Phenyl groups simplified. Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles (°): Mo1–P1 2.7277(5), Mo1–N12 2.274(2), Mo–N22 2.226(2), Mo1–C61 2.315(2), Mo1–C62 2.218(2), Mo1–C63 2.325(2), Mo1–C71 1.971(2), Mo1–C81 1.950(2), C61–C62 1.405(3), C62–C63 1.410(3), P1–Mo1– C81 98.05, N12– Mo1–C71 96.54(7), N22– Mo1–C71 89.21(7), C71– Mo1–C81 78.97(8), N12–Mo–N22 83.28(6), C61–C62–C63 114.1(2), N21–B1–N11 108.23(16). https://scispace.com/papers/relative-host-plant-species-use-by-the-lantana-biological-53gbitzalh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regularity-of-host-use-by-aconophora-compressa-in-2bibcspz.png Table 2 Regularity of host use by Aconophora compressa in field sampling between August 2006 and November 2007 (mean ± S.E.). Data represent host use of individual plants of each taxon that were surveyed for at least eight of the 15 months sampled (n for each host type is in brackets in the left hand column). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-bar-plots-illustrating-that-aconophora-compressa-was-1vwen8xb.png Fig. 5. Bar plots illustrating that Aconophora compressa was present continuously (Augu geisha girl it was not. Segments of the x-axis without bars above them indicate that n represented by Fiddlewood 2 (top right hand plot) was not sampled in August or Septe https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-five-australian-sites-in-south-east-queensland-2knx7zmu.png Fig. 1. The five Australian sites in South East Queensland (left), in which samples were taken to survey for Aconophora compressa on six host taxa per site. Mexican sampling areas (right) in which A. compressa was found on more than one host plant species are indicated with arrowed circles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-the-number-of-plants-sampled-with-and-2l9mbed2.png Table 4 Summary of the number of plants sampled with and without Aconophora compressa in various Mexican states. Surveys were completed over three weeks in January and February 2007, the dry season. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-monthly-climate-data-over-the-survey-period-means-s-3oauq79a.png Table 3 Monthly climate data over the survey period. Means (±S.E.) were calculated across sites for each month. No survey was conducted in October 2007. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-linear-mixed-effects-anova-with-site-modelled-as-a-9caddjzg.png Table 1 Linear mixed effects ANOVA, with site modelled as a random factor, on the proportion of branches with Aconophora compressa in any developmental stage on different host plants. Different letters next to p-values indicate significant differences across host taxa. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-number-of-each-stage-of-aconophora-compressa-per-e9o8pejl.png Fig. 2. Mean number of each stage of Aconophora compressa per branch (±SE) (labels across top of figure) on six host taxa (labelled in each row on the extreme right) sampled monthly in South East Queensland, Australia (n = 15 branches on each of 15 trees per plant species per month at each of five sites). Different scales are used for different host plants and stages of insect. Sample number (x-axis) represents successive months between August 2006 and November 2007, except October 2007. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mean-number-of-aconophora-compressa-95-ci-on-each-host-21zfsxwm.png Fig. 6. Mean number of Aconophora compressa (±95% CI) on each host plant taxon in two states in Mexico: Morelos (a) and Puebla (b). Surveys were conducted in January and February 2007. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of plants of each taxon sampled in each geographical area. https://scispace.com/papers/relative-indicators-of-default-risk-among-uk-residential-1ldzvpqsv4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-loans-by-origination-vintage-2heq32rn.png Table 3: Number of Loans by Origination Vintage https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-oltv-by-origination-vintage-2m0n7czm.png Table 5: Average OLTV by Origination Vintage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-average-pearson-residuals-by-oltv-bucket-in-non-12ry5j1g.png Figure 16: Average Pearson Residuals by OLTV Bucket in Non-Conforming 90ever Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-average-pearson-residuals-by-dti-bucket-in-non-34klgk2s.png Figure 17: Average Pearson Residuals by DTI Bucket in Non-Conforming 90ever Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-average-pearson-residuals-by-oltv-bucket-in-non-i4zfyduo.png Figure 18: Average Pearson Residuals by OLTV Bucket in Non-Conforming Repossessions Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-default-rates-by-origination-vintage-asc9bhgd.png Figure 1: Default Rates by Origination Vintage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-oltv-distribution-by-origination-vintage-non-3agc9o3y.png Figure 3: OLTV Distribution by Origination Vintage - Non-Conforming (Arrears Information) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-oltv-distribution-by-origination-vintage-non-2w6aaogf.png Figure 2: OLTV Distribution by Origination Vintage - Non-Conforming (Repossession Information) https://scispace.com/papers/relative-importance-of-various-stochastic-terms-and-euv-2pyrkimcah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-modeled-lwr-as-a-function-of-quencher-concentration-12p5ml80.png Fig. 4 Modeled LWR as a function of quencher concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-model-lwr-breakdown-as-a-function-of-acid-diffusion-t4h7gc92.png Fig. 8 Model LWR breakdown as a function of acid diffusion range. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-model-lwr-breakdown-as-a-function-of-quencher-f0vmcvkd.png Fig. 6 Model LWR breakdown as a function of quencher concentration for photodecomposable quencher case. Deprotection rate (secondary axis) has been adjusted to keep dose constant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-lwr-psd-from-fig-3-without-normalization-2er1ud9a.png Fig. 9 LWR PSD from Fig. 3 without normalization. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-listing-of-key-input-variables-to-the-mppm-model-24reple0.png Table 1 Listing of key input variables to the MPPM model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-depiction-of-mppm-model-flow-for-the-case-of-a-1ppmg6zp.png Fig. 1 Depiction of MPPM model flow for the case of a chemically amplified resist. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-modeled-lwr-for-16-nm-lines-and-spaces-in-a-35xy1aek.png Table 2 Modeled LWR for 16-nm lines and spaces in a chemically amplified resist considering each of the stochastic terms individually and with all stochastic terms turned on simultaneously (bold). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-model-lwr-breakdown-as-a-function-of-qe-for-a-3goqvjnl.png Fig. 7 Model LWR breakdown as a function of QE for (a) conventional quencher and (b) photodecomposable quencher. Deprotection rate (secondary axis) has been adjusted to keep dose constant. https://scispace.com/papers/relative-importance-of-professional-practice-and-engineering-4ejepiz7lt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-response-categories-for-q18-in-survey-jlozuuu5.png Table 2: Response categories for Q18 in survey https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-graduate-competencies-required-for-engineers-at-the-1qs6kpyt.png Table 1: Graduate competencies required for Engineers at the end of a 4yr study programme, as per the Washington Accord [2], paraphrased. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-support-for-various-topics-engineers-felt-that-the-3hrni5q9.png Figure 1: Support for various topics. Engineers felt that the most important topics were communication, closely followed by project planning, and then others as shown. For interpretation of the labels see Table 2. https://scispace.com/papers/relative-importance-of-increased-atmospheric-co-2-4bw4f7m6x4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-histogram-of-the-explanatory-power-significant-2hiq56cn.png Figure 5: Histogram of the explanatory power (significant regression R2) on NHD variability by using SPI, GLDAS_NOAH θ, raw TWS, and decomposed TWS during 1985-2015. 350 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-areas-where-significant-negative-correlation-exists-g2yy15vf.png Figure 6: Areas where significant negative correlation exists between NHD and moisture at shallower soil depth (D1+D2+D3) and deeper soil depth (D4+A4) represented by wavelet decomposition levels of TWS (1985-2015). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correlations-between-nhd-and-a-spi-b-gldas-noah-th-1st3ykxn.png Figure 4: Correlations between NHD and (a) SPI; (b) GLDAS_NOAH θ; (c) raw TWS; and (d) the maximum r value of NHD versus any of the decomposed TWS components during 1985-2015 (based on reconstructed GRACE TWS data). Significant levels are 345 denoted by black dots. No data is available for land area marked in white. The second column is same as the first column but for the period 2003-2016 (based on JPL GRACE TWS data). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-standardized-anomaly-of-global-average-nhd-land-1lebvfa6.png Figure 3: (a) Standardized anomaly of global average NHD (land regions only) and atmospheric CO2 concentration. The standardized anomalies are calculated based on the mean and standard deviation derived from the full period 1985-2015. (b) Correlation coefficients (r) between annual NHD and CO2 concentration at each grid cell. Significant levels are denoted by black 340 dots. No data is available for land area marked in white. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geographical-distribution-of-most-frequent-z3bpkjg2.png Figure 1: Geographical distribution of most frequent occurring hottest month for the period 1985-2015. https://scispace.com/papers/relative-performance-of-two-unsaturated-soil-models-using-1qgjakrtvp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-yield-surfaces-for-isotropic-and-triaxial-stress-dsvh9xoj.png Figure 1. Yield surfaces for isotropic and triaxial stress states: (a) and (c) SFG model for a compacted soil (Sheng et al., 2008a); (b) and (d) Wheeler et al. (2003) model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stress-paths-a-sfg-model-in-the-p-q-s-space-b-3pqdksk3.png Figure 2. Stress paths: (a) SFG model in the p :q:s space; (b) Wheeler et al. (2003) model in the p*:q:s* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-between-sfg-model-simulations-and-w5l2mdzr.png Figure 3. Comparison between SFG model simulations and experimental results for Type R tests at s = 300 kPa: (a) degree of saturation against mean net stress; (b) degree of saturation against mean Bishop’s stress; (c) void ratio against mean net stress; (d) void ratio against mean Bishop’s stress https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-between-wheeler-et-al-2003-model-172jxhsn.png Figure 8. Comparison between Wheeler et al. (2003) model simulations and experimental results for Types R and P tests: (a) degree of saturation against deviator stress; (b) void ratio against deviator stress https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-between-sfg-model-simulations-and-1z76atd0.png Figure 7. Comparison between SFG model simulations and experimental results for Types R and P tests: (a) degree of saturation against deviator stress; (b) void ratio against deviator stress https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-between-wheeler-et-al-2003-model-2vcn8tyc.png Figure 6. Comparison between Wheeler et al. (2003) model simulations and experimental results for Type P tests at s = 100 kPa: (a) degree of saturation against mean net stress; (b) degree of saturation against mean Bishop’s stress; (c) void ratio against mean net stress; (d) void ratio against mean Bishop’s stress https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-features-of-the-constitutive-models-23q1i65x.png Table 1. Main features of the constitutive models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-comparison-between-experimental-results-and-model-2bbi8m5t.png Figure 13. Comparison between experimental results and model simulations: (a) and (b) SFG model (Sheng et al., 2008a); (c) and (d) Wheeler et al. (2003) model https://scispace.com/papers/relative-response-factor-determination-of-b-artemether-3bzhdub64c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-calculated-individual-rrf-values-of-the-major-2xyhsqu6.png Table I. Calculated individual RRF values of the major observed -artemether degradants https://scispace.com/papers/relative-price-variability-and-inflation-new-evidence-ifqyu76c0r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-displays-the-median-minimum-and-maximum-city-2otjyxju.png Figure 1 displays the median, minimum and maximum city-specific inflation rates calculated as the good-level averages with appropriate weights for two periods of Turkish inflation. Between 1995:M1 and 2001:M12, inflation exceeds 90 percent in some cities but approaches 25% in others. During this first era, median inflation is unstable and fluctuates around 54 percent. However, during the period 2004:M12010:M12, inflation rates are as high as 18 percent in some of the cities and approach zero in others. The median inflation rate remains as low as 10 percent during this period. https://scispace.com/papers/relative-robust-portfolio-optimization-with-benchmark-regret-1ujw75s7le 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-performance-of-prcpo-sarpo-mspo-and-us-index-30azy72n.png Figure 7: Performance of PRCPO, SARPO, MSPO and US Index. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-correlation-between-the-hfri-equity-hedge-total-5mdvrem2.png Figure 1: Correlation between the HFRI Equity Hedge (Total) Index and the S&P 500. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-behavior-of-rrpo-across-8-different-regions-from-1oho0n7j.png Table 5: Behavior of RRPO across 8 different regions, from 2013 to 2016: A - Percentage of capital RRPO invests differently from ARPO (1) and MVPO (2), B - Highest weight in RRPO (1), ARPO (2) and MVPO (3), C - Realised return of RRPO (1), ARPO (2), MVPO (3) and Regional Index (4), D - Realised volatility of RRPO (1), ARPO (2), MVPO (3) and Regional Index (4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-proportion-of-variance-explained-by-the-first-1f8wutbd.png Figure 3: Proportion of variance explained by the first principal component in EMU over different scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-weights-of-different-portfolios-being-considered-for-18acg6u0.png Table 3: Weights of different portfolios being considered for US. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-heatmaps-of-correlation-matrix-for-different-2b3voa91.png Figure 2: Heatmaps of correlation matrix for different scenarios in the EMU. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-total-return-series-assuming-initial-capital-of-100-r9gegjvv.png Table 2: Total return series assuming initial capital of 100. Realised return and volatility calculated for each civil year. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-total-return-series-assuming-initial-capital-of-100-38nd5x5h.png Table 4: Total return series assuming initial capital of 100. Realised return and volatility calculated for each civil year. https://scispace.com/papers/relative-salience-signaling-within-a-thalamo-orbitofrontal-2cxv6wzpjr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-medial-thalamic-input-to-vmofc-guides-vmofc-reward-55n3y4so.png Fig 6: Medial thalamic input to vmOFC guides vmOFC reward response adaptation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-unpredicted-reward-responses-of-vmofc-subpopulations-22hqpf6x.png Fig 3: Unpredicted reward responses of vmOFC subpopulations reduce in a context containing a highly salient aversive stimulus. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-reward-responses-of-the-longitudinally-tracked-neurons-1htxennr.png Fig 4. Reward responses of the longitudinally tracked neurons are correlated across three conditions: Top row shows example longitudinally tracked neurons. Here, the intensity of a pixel corresponds to activity and hence, different brightness across sessions corresponds to different activity levels. The bottom four rows show the peri-event histograms of all longitudinally tracked neurons across the four clusters showing reward response adaptation. Each row across the different conditions corresponds to the same neuron. Neurons within a cluster are sorted by their average activity early in learning. These data show that response to reward is correlated across all conditions (quantified in Table S1). For instance, the neurons that show the lowest amount of activity early in learning tend to be the neurons that show inhibitory reward responses late in learning or in the sucrose and quinine experiment (correlations quantified in Table S1). Please note that the responses of some neurons are saturated in the color map to ensure that the response patterns of most neurons are visible. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-reward-responses-of-some-vmofc-neuronal-subpopulations-vw1qtp2x.png Fig 2: Reward responses of some vmOFC neuronal subpopulations reduce after reward prediction learning https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-medial-thalamus-mthal-conveys-reward-responses-to-1vr8v4vh.png Fig 5: Medial thalamus (mThal) conveys reward responses to vmOFC and shows qualitatively similar reward response adaptation as vmOFC neurons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-trial-by-trial-fluctuations-in-vmofc-reward-responses-ify2v1k4.png Fig 1: Trial-by-trial fluctuations in vmOFC reward responses reflect learning rate control https://scispace.com/papers/relative-sub-shell-photoionization-cross-sections-of-nickel-uqgdgazapj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hike-kmc-1-experimental-geometry-1ngtfobv.png Figure 4. HIKE/KMC-1 experimental geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-focused-beam-profile-using-the-knife-method-a-5o6kq032.png Figure 3. Focused beam profile using the knife method a) horizontal scan b) vertical scan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-energy-resolution-delivered-by-the-si-111-dcm-80hvkt9x.png Figure 1. The energy resolution delivered by the Si(111) DCM of the KMC-1 beamline at BESSY II. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-the-ni-3s-core-levels-of-the-ni-film-recorded-for-2ur3aiwg.png Figure 5. a) The Ni 3s core levels of the Ni film recorded for energies between 2 and 9 keV; b) the Ni 3p core levels of the Ni film; the Au 4f core levels of the Au thick film used as substrate are visible through the Ni film; c) Au 4f core levels of the Au thick film prior to the Ni deposition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-of-fits-of-a-the-ni3s-data-and-b-ni3p-data-tm3szv2p.png Figure 6. Example of fits of a) the Ni3s data and b) Ni3p data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-electron-analyzer-detector-image-of-au-4f-core-13446yyh.png Figure 2. The electron analyzer detector image of Au 4f core levels recorded a) without and b) with xray capillary at 3 keV excitation energy. The yellow rectangles depict the areas over which the intensity has been integrated in order to obtain the spectra in c). https://scispace.com/papers/relative-signs-of-the-nonlinear-coefficients-of-potassium-1rjiq6apeu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-d-coefficients-at-a-fundamental-wavelength-of-1064-355mhlp1.png Table 1. d Coefficients at a Fundamental Wavelength of 1064 nm https://scispace.com/papers/relative-sizes-of-40-48-ca-from-the-scattering-of-79-mev-a-49onpxjln3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-results-from-the-d-6-analysis-at-79-1-mev-for-ap-r-1hy9cbl1.png TABLE II. Results from the D(6) analysis at 79.1 Mev for Ap(r) and AU(rg for ' Ca. The critical radii are r=5.1 fm [Fig. 14(a)] and 7~=7.15 fm [Fig. 15(a)l. The quoted uncertainties are obtained at the ends of the fitting error elipse having l( = 1.3$ . , https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-isotopic-difference-function-the-solid-curve-shows-the-ycp6czor.png FIG. 8. Isotopic difference function. The solid curve shows the center of mass effect and is labeled by V(48) = V(40), i.e. , the optical potentials of 4 '4 Ca are the same. The dashed curve shows the normalization effect and corresponds to ~ =p, i.e. , p48(~) =(48/40)p40(r). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-isotopic-difference-function-for-various-values-of-aa-1kbn39ss.png FIG. 6. Isotopic difference function for various values of Aa= a(48)-a(4p). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-isotopic-difference-function-for-0-13-fm-for-the-solid-3e8bim4f.png FIG. 7. Isotopic difference function for ~ =0.13 fm. For the solid curve this is obtained by setting &c =0.2 fm and Aa=p; for the dashed curve by setting ~c=p and b, a= 0.6 fm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-sensitivity-of-dr-r-48-r-40-to-changes-in-the-21ekxfqg.png TABLE III. Sensitivity of DR =R(48) —R(40) to changes in the & particle-nucleus interaction. The interaction is assumed to be the same in +' Ca. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-comparison-of-hartree-fock-predictions-of-rms-radii-1to95uly.png TABLE V. Comparison of Hartree-Fock predictions of rms radii of 4 '4 Ca with experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-differential-cross-sections-for-the-elastic-scattering-1l550470.png FIG. 1. Differential cross sections for the elastic scattering of 79.1 MeV n particles from Ca plotted as the ratio to Rutherford scattering. In part (a) the curves are obtained from best fits to the data. The solid curve uses Eq. (1a) and the dashed curve uses Eq. (1b). Part (b) shows the predicted angular distributions using the Hartree-Pock densities of Negele (Ref. 12) and Miller and Green {Ref. 13). In all subsequent figures showing cross sections the reaction will be the clast!c scattering of 79.1 MeV o. particles unless otherwise stated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-shows-the-analysis-of-the-41-8-mev-s89s78pl.png Figure 12 shows the analysis of the 41.8 MeV https://scispace.com/papers/relativistic-binary-pulsars-with-black-hole-companions-zbb324s8ml 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fraction-of-systems-that-survive-the-both-the-first-3tko11zd.png Fig. 4.—Fraction of systems that survive the both the first supernova and the spiral-in phase (see text for details), assuming k ¼ 200 km s 1. The two curves correspond to secondary masses of M MTs ¼ 30 M (solid curve) and 50 M (dashed curve). The thick dotted line shows a power-law approximation intermediate between the two curves for k0:15. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-for-variations-in-the-standard-model-gqs545o8.png TABLE 1 Results for Variations in the Standard Model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-distribution-of-orbital-periods-and-eccentricities-of-2ktw72eg.png Fig. 5.—Distribution of orbital periods and eccentricities of newly formed BHRPs. The colors were chosen according to the square root of the number of systems that enter a given element of a 500 ; 500 array. In going from magenta to yellow, the number drops by a factor of ’5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-distribution-of-orbital-periods-and-eccentricities-of-36qqg029.png Fig. 6.—Distribution of orbital periods and eccentricities of BHRPs at the current epoch. The orbit of each binary has been evolved under the action of gravitational radiation losses. The colors are as in Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cumulative-distribution-of-secondary-masses-following-14lwr41m.png Fig. 1.—Cumulative distribution of secondary masses following stable mass transfer, where the primary initial mass function is p(MPBp ) / (MPBp ) 2:5 for 8 M < M PB p < Mth, and the secondary mass is drawn from a flat distribution in mass ratios such thatMPBs /M PB p > 0:5. The mass capture fraction is fixed at ¼ 0:5 (dashed curves) or 1.0 (solid curves). Each pair of curves for a given corresponds to a different mass threshold for black hole formation from the primary: Mth ¼ 25 M (scenario I) or Mth ¼ 40 M (scenario II). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cumulative-distribution-of-circularized-post-supernova-xfgqumz9.png Fig. 3.—Cumulative distribution of circularized, post-supernova orbital separations, calculated under the assumptions that the presupernova binary mass is 40 M , 20% of the binary mass is lost in the explosion, and the distribution of presupernova orbital separations is logarithmically flat from 0.2 to 10 AU. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-supernova-survival-probability-as-a-function-of-k-vb-112jv7n2.png Fig. 2.—Supernova survival probability as a function of k /vb for a Maxwellian kick-speed distribution, where k is the one-dimensional velocity dispersion. The probability is <10% for k /vbk1:7 and <1% for k /vbk3:9. For k /vbk2, the probability approaches the cubic trend ’64%( k /vb) 3 (dashed line). https://scispace.com/papers/relativistic-electron-shock-drift-acceleration-in-low-mach-3b6a2fz51a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-small-scale-fluctuations-of-by-in-the-shock-gh0k4g81.png Figure 4. Small-scale fluctuations of By in the shock transition region (upper panel) and its Fourier spectrum at ωpet = 44220 (lower panel). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-phase-space-densities-at-opet-64350-the-top-three-c7rnf3cz.png Figure 3. Phase space densities at ωpet = 64350. The top three panels represent ion vx −x, electron px −x and pz−x phase spaces. The fourth and fifth panels show the p⊥−p‖ phase space and a corresponding energy distribution function of electrons surrounded by the squares in the third panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-histories-of-by-solid-lines-and-bz-broken-1439lbm1.png Figure 5. Time histories of By (solid lines) and Bz (broken lines) field energies for different numbers of super particles per cell, Np, in the case of θBk = 60◦. The black thin, gray thin, and black thick lines denote Np = 4, 40, and 400 cases, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-time-histories-of-field-energies-top-and-effective-rci1vkb5.png Figure 6. Time histories of field energies (top) and effective electron temperature anisotropy (second), the ω− k Fourier spectrum of the Ex field for 0 < ωpet < 204.8 (third), and a final electron distribution in the p⊥ −p‖ space (bottom) for θBk = 0◦. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-electron-phase-space-density-in-pz-x-at-opet-85200-2ie79848.png Figure 10. Electron phase space density in pz − x at ωpet = 85200 for Run D. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-trajectories-of-some-electrons-back-scattered-by-1b8z0sfs.png Figure 8. Trajectories of some electrons back scattered by self-generated waves with the background gray scale of amplitudes of magnetic fluctuations (top left). The evolution of the pitch angle cosine (top right) and the trajectory in the p⊥ − p‖ space (bottom) of the black particle in the top left panel are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-time-histories-of-field-energies-top-and-effective-2d2x2f4t.png Figure 7. Time histories of field energies (top) and effective electron temperature anisotropy (second), the ω− k Fourier spectrum of the By field for 0 < ωpet < 3276.8 (third), and a final electron distribution in the p⊥ − p‖ space (bottom) for θBk = 60◦. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-feasibility-of-sda-the-top-two-panels-show-ma-thbn-ffmtvr5y.png Figure 1. Feasibility of SDA. The top two panels show MA − ΘBn parameter spaces where adiabatic electron reflection is possible for three different upstream electron beta values with σ = 10−4 (top panel) and σ = 3−2 (middle panel). The bottom panel shows a schematic of a loss-cone in the vz − vx space. https://scispace.com/papers/relativistic-calculation-of-indirect-nmr-spin-spin-couplings-1o6o2sm37s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-calculated-spin-dependent-s-and-orbital-o-2fneun96.png TABLE II. Calculated spin-dependent S and orbital O contributions to 1J X ,H and total relativistic correction J, defined as Jrel−Jnon-rel of onebond 1J X ,H SSCs for the series of tetrahydrides XH4. In all cases the Hartree-Fock approximation has been employed. All values are in Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dependence-of-the-calculated-1j-si-h-coupling-in-sih4-2aihs5t4.png FIG. 2. Dependence of the calculated 1J Si,H coupling in SiH4 with the number of additional tight functions added to the fully uncontracted ccpVTZ basis set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dependence-of-the-calculated-1j-c-h-coupling-in-ch4-3gm8yj7m.png FIG. 1. Dependence of the calculated 1J C,H coupling in CH4 with the number of additional tight functions added to the fully uncontracted ccpVTZ basis set. https://scispace.com/papers/relativistic-nuclear-collisions-theory-2798395kyu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-1tdn9ehj.png Fig. 13 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-33itu2n7.png Fig. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-27be6gqk.png Fig. 8 https://scispace.com/papers/relaxed-parametric-design-with-probabilistic-constraints-1z2235mqzz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-simple-model-qdnz6ayh.png Figure 2: A simple model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-model-after-solution-7pdsvz5h.png Figure 5: The model after solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-black-box-view-of-the-kalman-filter-2n5k877x.png Figure 1: A ‘black box’ view of the Kalman filter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-more-complex-model-byznwjg5.png Figure 4: A more complex model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-model-after-solution-18fedyqg.png Figure 3: The model after solution. https://scispace.com/papers/relaxing-dram-refresh-rate-through-access-pattern-scheduling-es34hd2d60 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-achieved-tborder-in-seconds-1vyyvm1o.png Fig. 8: Achieved ∆tborder in seconds https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-artf-benchmark-17uk7s1a.png Fig. 6: Artf benchmark https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-percentage-of-performance-overhead-introduced-from-our-3g2kwbmi.png Fig. 7: Percentage of performance overhead introduced from our technique https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-percentage-of-the-runs-that-completed-correctly-34vl7fbh.png Fig. 9: Percentage of the runs that completed correctly https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-refresh-implications-on-power-and-performance-on-2od8j8vb.png Fig. 10: Refresh implications on power and performance on current and future DRAM technologies [1] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dram-memory-system-organization-2jh44df1.png Fig. 1: DRAM memory system organization https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-block-diagram-of-the-steps-to-explore-the-design-space-33bl0sqe.png Fig. 4: Block diagram of the steps to explore the design space of an application. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cumulative-distribution-function-of-bit-errors-for-1n026mhg.png Fig. 3: Cumulative distribution function of bit-errors for relaxed refresh rate. The impact of RefA is also being showcased by showing the observed BER of a benchmark. https://scispace.com/papers/relaxed-periodic-switching-controllers-of-high-frequency-dc-5grs607kw5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-numerical-results-of-proposition-1-time-trajectories-xt9vb373.png Fig. 1: Numerical results of Proposition 1. Time trajectories in green, set E in yellow and δV > 0 in red. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-numerical-values-of-u1-u2-g1-and-g2-1hq5q440.png TABLE I: Numerical values of µ1, µ2, γ1 and γ2. https://scispace.com/papers/relay-selection-in-relay-assisted-free-space-optical-systems-2vx8ct0gwg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-relay-assisted-fso-system-under-consideration-ccypr472.png Fig. 1. The relay-assisted FSO system under consideration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-relaying-protocols-for-different-relay-2mqz0yxc.png Fig. 3. Comparison of relaying protocols for different relay-assisted FSO configurations: N = 2, dSR = {2, 1.5}, dRD = {1, 2.5} (in km) and N = 3, dSR = {2, 1.5, 1}, dRD = {1, 2.5, 3} (in km). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-relaying-protocols-for-a-relay-assisted-1pkvthfi.png Fig. 2. Comparison of relaying protocols for a relay-assisted FSO system with dSRi = dRiD = 2km, i ∈ {1, ..., N}. https://scispace.com/papers/relayer-selection-strategies-in-cellular-networks-with-peer-427zq49hc1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-three-possible-routes-based-on-three-2uvwxrhj.png Fig. 1. Illustration of three possible routes based on three different relaying node selection schemes (the numbers attached to the edges indicate the pathlosses in dB). https://scispace.com/papers/release-of-phenolic-acids-from-sunflower-and-rapeseed-meals-4p041ffkzy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lipid-and-moisture-content-of-sfm-and-rsm-samples-3t4i6u42.png Table 1. Lipid and moisture content of SFM and RSM samples#. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-concentration-of-caffeic-acid-ca-caesters-and-total-2wppbbak.png Table 4. Concentration of caffeic acid (CA), CAEsters and total caffeic acid derivatives (TCAD) before and after hydrolysis of NI-SFM methanolic extract with AnFaeB and ChlE at 50°C#. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-phenolic-content-of-non-industrial-and-industrial-119kn9ft.png Table 3. Phenolic content of Non-Industrial and Industrial RSM#. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-maximal-amount-and-yield-of-sinapic-acid-sa-after-3crqec1n.png Table 5. Maximal amount and yield of sinapic acid (SA) after enzymatic treatment of NIRSM and the corresponding methanolic extract with AnFaeA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-phenolic-content-of-non-industrial-and-industrial-107unrjo.png Table 2. Phenolic content of Non-Industrial and Industrial SFM# https://scispace.com/papers/relearning-procedure-to-adapt-pollutant-prediction-neural-15r4buua9a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evolution-of-the-computing-cost-in-function-of-36n88u0w.png Fig. 4. Evolution of the computing cost in function of iterations number – blue continue: NNRWs algorithm – red dotted: LM algorithm – black dashed: BP algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-evolution-of-the-computing-cost-in-function-of-the-2t6a882r.png Fig. 5. Evolution of the computing cost in function of the samples size – blue continue: NNRWs algorithm – red dotted: LM algorithm – black dashed: BP algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-implantation-plan-of-the-foobot-r-3m7jr3sk.png Fig. 1. Implantation plan of the Foobot®. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-computing-time-for-the-relearning-step-34pecml6.png TABLE I. COMPUTING TIME FOR THE RELEARNING STEP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-control-chart-for-neural-model-monitoring-blue-cross-jbw6n2et.png Fig. 3. Control chart for neural model monitoring – blue cross: NNRWs algorithm – red circle: LM algorithm – black star: BP algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-principe-of-pollutants-level-prediction-3jlo5e2m.png Fig. 2. Principe of pollutants level prediction. https://scispace.com/papers/relevance-based-evaluation-metrics-for-multi-class-3ruk8pypaa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-differences-in-the-percentage-of-discrimination-efx6zp6j.png Fig. 2: Differences in the percentage of discrimination achieved between existing and corresponding proposed metrics in each scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-performance-assessment-metrics-normalized-value-for-ysrv9a8a.png Table 5: Performance assessment metrics normalized value for Cases 1, 2 and 3 (in bold: values in accordance with user preferences). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-a-partially-ordered-set-left-hand-side-18ud9tgn.png Fig. 1: An example of a partially ordered set (left hand side) and the construction of a LPOM for class E (right hand side). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-assessment-metrics-for-imbalanced-25ambv52.png Table 1: Performance assessment metrics for imbalanced domains with C classes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-case-1-2-and-3-information-for-each-mechanism-1rki0ceh.png Table 4: Case 1, 2 and 3 information for each mechanism. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cases-1-to-3-confusion-matrix-top-and-preci-reci-and-3avcz2gb.png Table 2: Cases 1 to 3 confusion matrix (top) and preci, reci and F1i (bottom). Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-assessment-metrics-in-case-12-and-3-n-e1yorftk.png Table 3: Performance assessment metrics in Case 1,2 and 3. N.Val: normalized value; Ac.: Accordance with user preferences (misleading: ×, suitable: X). https://scispace.com/papers/relevance-of-dynamic-wetting-in-viscous-fingering-patterns-5fso9quyus 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dimensionless-maximum-radial-coordinate-of-outgoing-3lie0hb9.png FIG. 4. Dimensionless maximum radial coordinate of outgoing fingers r+ /R0 vs dimensionless time t / in log-linear scale, for wet circles and diamonds and dry squares and triangles conditions. The two solid lines are the numerical results for the corresponding cases. See text for details. The range of maximal Ca is 1.0 10−3 – 2.5 10−2 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-sequence-of-two-experiments-performed-in-a-dry-14s8afop.png FIG. 1. Time sequence of two experiments performed in a dry cell left and in a prewetted cell right for the same set of parameters. The time lapse between consecutive snapshots is 9 s. The parameters are b=0.5 mm and =60 rev/min. The initial radii, R0=7.6 cm left and 7.9 cm right , are the same within experimental error because the initial drop is not perfectly circular, so that S 7 104. Maximal values of Ca for the fastest fingertips in the last snapshot are 3.3 10−3 left and 4.2 10−3 right . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-sequence-of-fingering-patterns-formed-in-a-dry-g67ndyrt.png FIG. 3. Time sequence of fingering patterns formed in a dry cell t=8.4, 10.4, 14.4, and 18.4 s . The oil is Rhodorsil 47V 50, and b=0.5 mm, =150 rev/min, R0=6 cm S=6.6 105 . The maximal Ca is 1.7 10−2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-sequence-of-fingering-patterns-formed-in-a-wet-2nftpg9d.png FIG. 2. Time sequence of fingering patterns formed in a wet cell t=9, 13.5, 18, and 22.5 s . The oil is Rhodorsil 47V 50, and b =0.5 mm, =120 rev/min, R0=5 cm S=2.3 105 . The maximal Ca is 1.6 10−2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-patterns-from-numerical-integration-using-the-liquid-121a1p7g.png FIG. 5. Patterns from numerical integration, using the liquid properties of Rhodorsil 47V 50, and a b=0.4 mm, R0=8.0 cm, =40 rev/min S=2 104 , t=210 s; b b=0.4 mm, R0 =10.0 cm, =60 rev/min S=1.2 105 , t=140 s. given by Eq. 6 with l=100 has been used on the left panels, and the standard boundary condition on the right ones. The maximal Ca are 1.1 10−3 wet a , 8 10−4 dry a , 2.0 10−3 wet b , 1.2 10−3 dry b . https://scispace.com/papers/relevance-of-sir-model-for-real-world-spreading-phenomena-59pdg675bg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulation-of-file-spreading-on-different-underlying-3cbs6j6v.png Fig. 4. Simulation of file spreading on different underlying networks: complementary cumulative distribution of cascade properties https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-heterogeneous-spreading-parameter-distributions-3brdj41z.png Fig. 5. Heterogeneous spreading parameter distributions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-interest-graph-as-a-projection-of-the-bipartite-graph-h83gguxr.png Fig. 1. Interest graph as a projection of the bipartite graph of peers and files contructed from the trace D. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-trace-log-example-with-corresponding-spreading-cascade-3doqg8qe.png Fig. 2. Trace log example with corresponding spreading cascade in black and underlying network in light gray. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulation-of-file-spreading-on-the-interest-graph-2gzvd38k.png Fig. 6. Simulation of file spreading on the interest graph with different SIR processes: complementary cumulative distribution of cascade properties https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-properties-of-the-underlying-network-and-observed-3883w5dm.png Fig. 3. Properties of the underlying network and observed spreading cascades https://scispace.com/papers/relevant-energy-ranges-for-astrophysical-reaction-rates-5awjw2innp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-shifts-d-in-mev-of-the-maximum-of-the-integrand-263de488.png Figure 1: Shifts δ (in MeV) of the maximum of the integrand relative to E0 of the Gaussian approximation as a function of the target charge Z for (p,n) reactions at two temperatures. Almost no shift is observed at T9 = 1.0 and shifts remain small for T9 = 5.0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shifts-d-in-mev-of-the-maximum-of-the-integrand-3uhy5rgh.png Figure 2: Shifts δ (in MeV) of the maximum of the integrand relative to E0 of the Gaussian approximation as a function of the target charge Z for (α,n) reactions at two temperatures. Almost no shift is observed at T9 = 1.0 and shifts reach a few MeV for T9 = 5.0. https://scispace.com/papers/reliability-analysis-of-rock-supports-in-underground-mine-1r9smhzxj6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-factor-of-safety-data-sample-1yr1acme.png Table 6 Factor of safety data sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-b-example-of-target-reliability-indices-yearly-and-3j4lp19a.png Table 8.b Example of target reliability indices(yearly) and associated failure probabilities (Baravalle and Köhler 2016) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-cov-q-requirement-to-satisfy-the-target-performance-h8dp7j0x.png Table 9 Cov (Q) requirement to satisfy the target performance level and corresponding FS https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mechanical-properties-of-the-rock-supporting-2bhgafrk.png Table 4 Mechanical properties of the rock supporting elements https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bolting-parameters-218801x4.png Table 3 Bolting parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-a-range-of-reliability-index-for-geotechnical-2g6x26hz.png Table 8.b Example of target reliability indices(yearly) and associated failure probabilities (Baravalle and Köhler 2016) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-the-rock-domains-intact-rock-3tsfojvc.png Table 1 Properties of the rock domains (intact rock) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-fs-values-for-rock-domain-no1-4-3e3q92l7.png Table 5 FS values for rock domain Nº1-4 https://scispace.com/papers/relevance-of-nuclear-desalination-as-an-alternative-to-water-4z27nfeu5a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chinese-nuclear-fleet-by-2030-3-5-and-eastern-central-3uoulw4f.png Fig. 1. Chinese nuclear fleet by 2030 [3–5] and Eastern, Central andWestern routes of the South-to-NorthWater Transfer Project [6]. The three routes are drawn in dark blue. Red crosses represent nuclear plants hosting reactors appropriate to nuclear desalination in 2030, while yellow crosses indicate not appropriate nuclear plants. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2030water-production-and-supply-costs-fromnuclear-2vqzgs54.png Table 2 2030water production and supply costs fromnuclear desalination to the capitals of the tenwate on an annual basis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-desalinatedwater-production-and-supply-average-cost-us-3ach9yfj.png Fig. 3.Desalinatedwater production and supply average cost (US dollars per cubicmeter) in 2030 as a function of quantity of residentialwater supply per person per day in Beijing. The red cross indicates the point (1.1; 1.49) of the curve corresponding to the eradication of absolute scarcity. Markers represent minimum quantities of water for which the capacity of an additional water plant is required (small quantities are supplied by nearby plants and cost increases when production from additional, further plants are required). The length in brackets indicates the distance in kilometers between the additional desalination plant considered and Beijing [3,5]. See SI–S11 for the technologies of nuclear reactors for each plant, and Table 1 above for maximum annual water production capacity powered by each technology. Calculation of water production and transportation costs is detailed in the Supporting information document. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-including-maximum-theoretical-production-1et5blqi.png Table 1 Composition, including maximum theoretical production capacity (millions of cubic meters per year), of the fleet of nuclear reactors suitable for desalination purposes by 2030 [30]. See SI–S15 for nomenclature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-nuclear-capacity-expansion-inchina-by2030-gigawatt-bwa1ct2d.png Fig. 2.Nuclear capacity expansion inChina by2030 (Gigawatt-electric). For the nuclear reactors be 2025. This assumption does not impact the results. https://scispace.com/papers/relevance-singular-vector-machine-for-low-rank-matrix-4hi23kge24 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-rmse-of-algorithms-for-movielens-3386env3.png TABLE I RMSE OF ALGORITHMS FOR MOVIELENS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-algorithms-for-lrmc-a-nmse-versus-m-pq-1i9rnss8.png Fig. 7. Comparison of algorithms for LRMC. (a) NMSE versus. m/(pq) at SNR=20 dB and r = 3. (b) NMSE versus SNR at rank r = 3 and m/(pq) = 0.7. (c) NMSE versus rank r at m/(pq) = 0.7 and SNR = 20 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-plots-of-empirical-probability-of-x-xr-2f-s-x-2f-in-1c2n9air.png Fig. 1. Plots of empirical probability of ||X−Xr||2F ≤ ς||X||2F in red solid line, the bound (23) in blue dotted line and the bound (24) in green dashed line, versus the value of λL,r https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-algorithms-for-lrmr-at-snr-40-db-a-nmse-9xxjl9c9.png Fig. 4. Comparison of algorithms for LRMR at SNR = 40 dB. (a) NMSE versus. m/(pq) for r = 3. (b) NMSE versus rank r for m/(pq) = 0.7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mean-cputime-versus-rank-r-for-the-setup-in-figure-3-c-1rdhgvw6.png Fig. 5. Mean cputime versus rank r for the setup in Figure 3 (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-algorithms-for-lrmr-a-nmse-versus-m-pq-3d4etudp.png Fig. 3. Comparison of algorithms for LRMR. (a) NMSE versus. m/(pq) at SNR=20 dB and r = 3. (b) NMSE versus SNR at rank r = 3 and m/(pq) = 0.7. (c) NMSE versus rank r at m/(pq) = 0.7 and SNR = 20 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-lrmc-performance-nmse-versusm-pq-for-rsvm-sn-at-16a87f7v.png Fig. 6. LRMC performance: NMSE versusm/(pq) for RSVM-SN at different choice of s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-nmse-vs-m-pq-for-lrmr-at-snr-20-db-92s3chug.png Fig. 2. NMSE vs. m/(pq) for LRMR at SNR=20 dB. https://scispace.com/papers/reliability-analysis-for-structural-design-3k6f6c1xaq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-7-coefficient-tp-from-equation-4-11-for-p-005-and-a-h7i23r7b.png Table 4.7. Coefficient tp from equation (4.11) for p = 0,05 and a log-normal distribution with the skewness + (when is unknown). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-4-a-rectangular-wave-process-with-intermittencies-10alozkp.png Figure 6.4. A rectangular wave process with intermittencies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-9-the-limit-state-function-and-design-points-for-3a4v54fe.png Figure 5.9. The limit state function and design points for the tie rod. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-coefficient-of-model-uncertainties-for-load-effect-78dgs65b.png Table 4. Coefficient of model uncertainties for load effect. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-coefficient-of-model-uncertainties-for-resistance-of-19n15qiu.png Table 2. Coefficient of model uncertainties for resistance of steel members https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-coefficient-of-model-uncertainties-for-resistance-of-3lyf2eza.png Table 3. Coefficient of model uncertainties for resistance of concrete members https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-statically-determinate-truss-structure-2rmqjxnz.png Figure 2.4. Statically determinate truss structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-3-ratio-of-improved-and-asymptotic-domain-3d6fxhcw.png Figure 7.3. Ratio of improved and asymptotic domain probabilities over reliability index for various :. https://scispace.com/papers/reliability-analysis-of-the-mechanical-system-in-selected-44r7ajwh2v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-4-dtf1-primary-confinement-hepa-trains-subsystem-ul0cvzwi.png Figure A-4. DTF1 Primary Confinement HEPA Trains Subsystem https://scispace.com/figures/figure-d-2-subtree-air-handl-622v9ckp.png Figure D-2. Subtree AIR_HANDL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-5-subtree-filtr-plenm-8kjkjxu9.png Figure C-5. Subtree FILTR_PLENM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-3-subtree-primary-zones-53dlreij.png Figure C-3. Subtree PRIMARY_ZONES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-1-ft-model-for-the-dtf1-primary-confinement-hvac-1dvm26k3.png Figure C-1. FT Model for the DTF1 Primary Confinement HVAC System https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-alpha-factor-expressions-for-common-cause-failure-1xex8r1t.png Table 4. Alpha Factor Expressions for Common Cause Failure (Staggered Maintenance) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-2-dtf1-primary-confinement-air-handling-subsystem-18ut2sz2.png Figure A-2. DTF1 Primary Confinement Air Handling Subsystem https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-saphire-cut-sets-report-for-dry-transfer-facility-1-3paoy1nn.png Table 5. SAPHIRE Cut Sets Report for Dry Transfer Facility 1 https://scispace.com/papers/reliability-assessment-of-null-allele-detection-3cg1z3pch5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-results-of-a-generalized-linear-mixed-model-37m1jmsa.png Table 3. Summary results of a generalized linear mixed model with binomial error 780 distribution and logit link, explaining the presence of the null alleles as a function of the four 781 predictors: (1) difference between observed and expected heterozygosity (HOHE), (2) number 782 of individuals trapped in a given year, (3) number of alleles in a particular locus in a given 783 year and (4-8) the method of null allele detection. Symbols of different methods are explained 784 in Table 1. Year and locus were included as random categorical factors in the model. For 785 every level of each predictor the following parameters are given: estimate (B), with standard 786 errors (SE), exponentiated estimate (Exp(B)), tests statistic (z-value), and significance (P -787 value). 788 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-pairwise-comparison-of-loci-with-detected-null-3rqb6bdj.png Table 5. Pairwise comparison of loci with detected null alleles in two data sets: simulated 795 original populations (n = 100 individuals per each population) and sub-sampled populations 796 (n = 20 individuals randomly selected from original population). 797 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-presence-of-putative-null-alleles-in-the-root-33ho9zv7.png Table 1. The presence of putative null alleles in the root vole population in each locus per 767 year, estimated using five different methods. 768 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-null-alleles-detected-using-micro-checker-cervus-ml-3l7xu4ny.png Table 2. Null alleles detected using MICRO-CHECKER, CERVUS, ML-NullFreq and 774 GENEPOP for 120 simulated populations containing two null alleles each. Loci with known 775 null alleles were compared with loci detected using different programs (0- loci without null 776 alleles; 1- loci with null alleles). Black background: true positives, grey background: true 777 negatives, white background: false negatives, underline value: false positives. 778 https://scispace.com/papers/reliability-assessment-of-phased-mission-systems-under-467gmi2unv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-the-system-bdd-models-for-different-phases-3asrfcmi.png Fig. 15. The system BDD models for different phases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-infinite-random-shocks-process-1x4vbdse.png Fig. 8. The infinite random shocks process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-simulation-procedure-for-dynamic-module-under-1rm1rdqp.png Fig. 10. The simulation procedure for dynamic module under infinite shocks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-state-transition-diagram-under-random-shocks-for-279nofnz.png Fig. 9. The state transition diagram under random shocks for module M3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-system-reliability-evaluation-procedure-360rk3dr.png Fig. 1. The system reliability evaluation procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-state-transition-diagram-for-component-s-under-3rx21ui4.png Fig. 11. The state transition diagram for component S under finite shocks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-state-transition-diagram-for-m3-under-finite-1ke0ou45.png Fig. 12. The state transition diagram for M3 under finite shocks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-comparison-of-module-m3-under-finite-random-37rzn4ck.png Fig. 13. The comparison of module M3 under finite random shocks by different methods. https://scispace.com/papers/reliability-aware-joint-optimization-for-cooperative-4ekdusu526 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-optimal-data-computation-scheduling-under-dynamic-pqro95o0.png Fig. 7. Optimal data computation scheduling under dynamic conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-parameters-and-communication-2pjczgwz.png TABLE I SIMULATION PARAMETERS AND COMMUNICATION CONFIGURATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-reliability-of-independent-communication-1657msjx.png Fig. 3. Reliability of independent communication. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cooperative-v2v-computing-system-model-3rrrvvcv.png Fig. 1. Cooperative v2v computing system model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-virtual-queue-in-time-slot-t-1lyx6ns0.png Fig. 2. Virtual Queue in time slot t. https://scispace.com/papers/reliability-engineering-old-problems-and-new-challenges-22uc8tb3h8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-binary-and-multi-state-systems-wxge52se.png Figure 1: Binary and multi-state systems https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-data-acquisition-and-handling-for-condition-based-km6sb2c1.png Figure 5: Data acquisition and handling for condition-based maintenance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-network-infrastructures-for-distributed-ic4a6ju9.png Figure 2: Example of network infrastructures for distributed service: Transnational electrical network (Top) and City Metro Transport System (Bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-system-health-monitoring-xmgn2u7g.png Figure 4: System health monitoring https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-monitoring-fault-diagnosis-and-prognosis-for-v6kjy5ca.png Figure 3: Monitoring, fault diagnosis and prognosis for maintenance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-degradation-of-the-strength-s-of-an-equipment-over-1xf42vuo.png Figure 6: Degradation of the strength (S) of an equipment over time, with respect to a constant load (L) (Zio, 2007c) https://scispace.com/papers/reliability-based-model-for-generation-and-transmission-4zzg199qm1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-optimal-expansion-plan-when-igdt-is-not-considered-371zfn0m.png TABLE IV OPTIMAL EXPANSION PLAN WHEN IGDT IS NOT CONSIDERED https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pareto-optimal-solutions-obtained-by-augmented-epsilon-3vakxhca.png Fig. 1. Pareto optimal solutions obtained by augmented epsilon constraint method for 6 bus test system https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-available-transmission-lines-capacity-in-mw-capca-2hvd4f9h.png TABLE III AVAILABLE TRANSMISSION LINES CAPACITY IN MW ( capCA ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-new-generation-units-in-case-a-and-case-b-2315cjj4.png TABLE IX NEW GENERATION UNITS IN CASE A AND CASE B https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-best-solutions-obtained-by-fdm-16605yks.png TABLE VIII BEST SOLUTIONS OBTAINED BY FDM https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-l-against-uncertainty-budget-for-different-values-of-1jksktfa.png TABLE V L AGAINST UNCERTAINTY BUDGET FOR DIFFERENT VALUES OF ANNUAL BUDGET https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-comparison-between-membership-functions-for-load-1gpcjhs8.png TABLE VI COMPARISON BETWEEN MEMBERSHIP FUNCTIONS FOR LOAD AND INVESTMENT COST UNCERTAINTY AND TOTAL MEMBERSHIP FUNCTION FOR CASE 1 AND CASE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-optimal-expansion-plan-for-u-1-and-equal-weighting-2bioes2t.png TABLE VII OPTIMAL EXPANSION PLAN FOR U=1 AND EQUAL WEIGHTING FACTORS https://scispace.com/papers/reliability-driven-spatially-adaptive-regularization-for-jirxgi8xnn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-an-image-from-brainweb-23-corrupted-with-spatially-zt097q3m.png Fig. 2. (a) An image from BrainWeb [23] corrupted with spatially varying Gaussian white noise, 2% and 5% noise level on left and right side of image, respectively. (b) Its local confidence measure [11], and (c) our proposed reliability measure, which has successfully identified important image cues (e.g. local curvatures) despite of noise-corruption. Conversely, (b) assigned higher emphasis to the local image gradients located on the more noise-corrupted, right side of the image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-obtained-from-a-dense-registration-trial-sub-hlh783cd.png Fig. 4. Results obtained from a DENSE registration trial. Sub-figures (a)-(e) show the Euclidean distance between TGT (x) and T̂ (x), which was obtained using one of the following registration schemes: (a) uniform regularization; reliability-based regularization encoded with (b) DISCR (µ = 1.0), (c) DISCR (µ = 0.8), and (d) CLUST (K = 10). Although the input image (f) was corrupted with 5% Gaussian noise, R was capable of capturing important image cues as shown in (h). An enlarged view of a region in (f) is shown in (g). Our propsed approach (b-d) gave more accurate results than (a) uniform regularization. Incorrect deformation estimation occurred mostly in background regions where discriminative information was lacking (note the upper left and right corners of (be)). Obtained displacement fields were also smoother than the one obtained in (a) as reflected by the abrupt changes in colour. (e) A result of BSPLINE registration (R encoded with CONT). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-of-registration-under-different-levels-of-yn7ry1db.png Fig. 3. Results of registration under different levels of spatially varying noise applied to BrainWeb images. Plots show the average MED obtained when registration was incorporated with adaptive regularization. Uniform denotes registration without reliability-based adaptive regularization; CONT, DISCR, CLUST each denotes one of our proposed schemes as presented in Sec. 2.3. For DISRC, the number in brackets are the values of parameter µ. Results involving (a) DENSE to recover TPS warps (dmax = 8) and (b) BSPLINE to recover B-Spline warps (dmax = 12). The differences in trend were due to differences in registration schemes, types of warp used, and discretization levels. Reliability-based regularization encoded with DISCR generally yielded low MED. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-an-illustrative-example-of-a-deformation-field-3fqi7gf5.png Fig. 1. (a) An illustrative example of a deformation field obtained from a non-parametric registration. Displacement vectors computed at the boundary of an object are shown as arrows. Gray values at each pixel along this boundary indicate the measured reliability (dark gray indicates high reliability). With our proposed reliability measure, the outlier vector (one pointing to left) will be regularized more than the rest, while those that are reliable and located along salient structures (e.g. corners) will be regularized relatively less, subject to the influence of the data term. (b) and (c) a measure’s sensitivity to noise, which was defined as the correlation between the measure computed before and after noise corruption. Each curve shows the effect of one noise type: Gaussian, speckle, Salt+Pepper, and spatially varying Gaussian (SVG). Sensitivity of (b) local confidence [11] (magenta) and local structure [12] (black), and (c) our reliability measure. In (c), two different parameter settings (discussed in Sec. 2.2) were used to evaluate the performance of our measure. Under all noise types, local confidence and local structure were more sensitive to noise than our proposed measure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-synthetic-experiments-involving-random-tps-warped-2d8lnwo5.png Table 1. Synthetic experiments involving random TPS-warped BrainWeb images. Shown are registration accuracies obtained by different schemes, under various types of noise corruption and intensity inhomogenity (IIH). Accuracy is computed as the average MED obtained over all trials. U denotes best uniform regularization. Bolded numbers indicate better performance. Note how the proposed data term truncation strategy improved registration results in 8 out of 12 cases, irrespective of noise type and level of intensity inhomogenity. In general, results obtained with adaptive regularization had higher accuracies than those obtained with uniform regularization. https://scispace.com/papers/reliability-based-modeling-of-park-and-ride-service-on-49kq8qnevi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-corridor-with-multimodal-choice-2jbmvcr7.png FIGURE 1 Corridor with multimodal choice. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-mode-split-patterns-between-dlc-and-227qc2ad.png TABLE 3 Comparison of Mode Split Patterns Between DLC and SLC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-generalized-costs-of-three-modes-at-equilibrium-1rp4bedc.png FIGURE 2 Generalized costs of three modes at equilibrium status with SLC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-values-and-descriptions-31k0vztx.png TABLE 1 Parameter Values and Descriptions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mode-split-pattern-at-equilibrium-status-with-slc-1mdpoz6a.png TABLE 2 Mode Split Pattern at Equilibrium Status with SLC https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-total-generalized-costs-along-corridor-at-1qsebn5r.png TABLE 4 Total Generalized Costs Along Corridor at Equilibrium Status with P&R Locations Considering SLC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-travel-time-on-highway-and-crowding-2bid67jz.png FIGURE 4 Comparison of travel time on highway and crowding cost on railway at equilibrium status between DLC and SLC: (a) travel time on highway and (b) crowding cost on railway. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-generalized-costs-at-equilibrium-3mr16j58.png FIGURE 3 Comparison of generalized costs at equilibrium status between DLC and SLC. https://scispace.com/papers/reliability-for-emergency-applications-in-internet-of-things-926dwa08an 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-implicit-ack-for-the-transmission-from-node-a-to-b-1y7r3rxp.png Figure 1 Implicit ACK for the transmission from node A to B https://scispace.com/papers/reliability-of-back-contact-mwt-modules-under-hot-and-humid-5fb02y45we 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-degradation-for-the-maximum-power-p-max-for-the-k368him9.png Fig. 4. Degradation for the maximum power (P max) for the fourteen MWT photovoltaic modules under damp heat exposure https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-electrical-parameter-evoluti-ons-fec87n3n.png Table 3. Comparison of electrical parameter evoluti ons https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-mwt-cell-b-schematic-of-the-build-up-of-a-mwt-module-2g23z0xk.png Fig. 1. (a) MWT cell, (b) Schematic of the build-up of a MWT module https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-delamination-area-in-module-m01-after-2000-hours-of-fofc6v3n.png Fig. 5. Delamination area in module M01 after 2000 hours of damp heat exposure (85°C/85% rh ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-i-v-measurements-under-test-con-ditions-35ojb7rd.png Table 2. Results of I-V measurements under test con ditions at t=0 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-equivalent-electrical-circuit-of-a-photovoltaic-module-3awqgrko.png Fig. 2. Equivalent electrical circuit of a photovoltaic module https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-i-v-characteristics-for-modules-m01-m14-aft-er-0-1000-1i4e53dk.png Fig. 3. I-V characteristics for modules M01-M14 aft er 0, 1000 and 2000 hours under DH exposure 85°C/85% rh https://scispace.com/papers/reliability-of-knee-extensor-neuromuscular-structure-and-4tk28nn6ip 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-intra-and-inter-rater-muscle-architecture-1wp3e0gh.png Table 2 Intra and inter-rater muscle architecture reliability results of the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles of the dominant inferior limb. Values of mean ± standard deviation (SD), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), 95% confidence interval (95%CI), p-value, standard error of the measurement (SEM), minimum detectable change (MDC) and coefficient of variation (CV). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-intra-and-inter-rater-reliability-results-for-the-1npxujae.png Table 3 Intra and inter-rater reliability results for the sit-to-stand (STS) test, area of force under the curves (AUC) in the first, third, and fifth repetitions of the STS, as well as average values for all STS test repetitions, and for the 6-minwalk test (6MWT). Values of mean ± standard deviation (SD), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), 95% confidence interval (95%CI), p-value, standard error of the measurement (SEM), minimum detectable change (MDC) and coefficient of variation (CV). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-inter-analyzer-reliability-results-for-the-vastus-3e3rrukn.png Table 4 Inter-analyzer reliability results for the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscle architecture of the dominant inferior limb. Values of mean ± standard deviation (SD), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), 95% confidence interval (95%CI), p-value, standard error of the measurement (SEM), minimum detectable change (MDC) and coefficient of variation (CV). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-intra-and-inter-rater-reliability-results-for-force-3nbfc71l.png Table 1 Intra and inter-rater reliability results for force, torque, andmuscle activation for the rectu inferior limb. Values of mean ± standard deviation (SD), intraclass correlation coefficient (SEM), minimum detectable change (MDC) and coefficient of variation (CV). https://scispace.com/papers/reliable-control-system-design-despite-byzantine-actuators-50fde5aztk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-energy-of-the-beam-vibration-system-2-actuator-35q479mc.png Figure 3. Energy of the Beam Vibration System - 2 Actuator Locations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-maximum-energy-derivativeed-k-in-muniform-32ccvrpn.png Figure 2. The maximum energy derivativeED(k) in muniform configuration system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4-uniform-and-7-uniform-configurations-for-the-bvbz9bxp.png Figure 1. 4-uniform and 7-uniform configurations for the second-degree system https://scispace.com/papers/reliable-distributed-real-time-and-embedded-systems-through-2hmtibkgr7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-hfa-algorithm-1zy3uqy7.png Fig. 2. The HFA Algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-imu-system-assembly-n4ip6fq4.png Fig. 3. IMU System Assembly. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-safemat-utilization-overhead-3pn8yzfe.png Fig. 4. SafeMAT Utilization Overhead https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-safemat-mitigation-overhead-for-different-replica-3f3dlyf5.png Fig. 5. SafeMAT Mitigation Overhead for Different Replica Deployments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-safemat-architecture-riipwosc.png Fig. 1. SafeMAT Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-application-display-jitter-hyperperiod-1-sec-aub9pzb2.png Fig. 7. Application Display Jitter (Hyperperiod = 1 sec) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-safemat-mitigation-overhead-for-component-group-1o3lvqgq.png Fig. 6. SafeMAT Mitigation Overhead for Component Group Recovery https://scispace.com/papers/reliable-in-plane-velocity-measurements-with-magnetic-16e989qqr5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-flow-conditions-wsa4jp1w.png Table 1 Flow conditions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-the-measured-flow-rates-with-the-true-ntcqy04a.png Fig. 4. Comparison of the measured flow rates with the true flow rates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-through-plane-with-in-plane-velocity-3iwvwx2c.png Fig. 5. Comparison of through-plane with in-plane velocity profiles at: (a) 1.0 L/min (tube #1, Re = 1450); (b) 4.0 L/min (tube #1, Re = 5800); and (c) 5.0 L/min (tube #2, Re = 5250). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-magnitude-transverse-image-b-phase-transverse-image-34z1s8yf.png Fig. 3. (a) Magnitude transverse image; (b) phase transverse image; (c) magnitude sagittal image; and (d) phase sagittal image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-transverse-and-sagittal-slice-orientations-for-15x1g2gh.png Fig. 2. (a) Transverse and sagittal slice orientations for through-plane and in-plane velocity acquisitions, respectively. (b) Since the pixel size in the transverse image was 1 mm, five columns of pixels were selected to match the 5 mm sagittal slice thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-flow-loop-the-reservoir-bottom-of-figure-is-placed-1j9egtwm.png Fig. 1. The flow loop. The reservoir (bottom of figure) is placed far from the MR scanner, at the end of the patient table, to avoid any possible effects from the strong magnetic field on the pump and the rotameter. Fluid from the reservoir flows to the scanner using the submersible steady flow pump via PVC tubes. The test section is placed inside an acrylic container filled with water. The container is placed inside the MRI scanner with the location of interest at the center of the bore. The fluid follows the U-shaped tube and returns to the reservoir. The flow rate is controlled using a valve and is monitored using a precalibrated rotameter. No metallic objects should be placed close to the scanner to avoid accidents and interaction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-between-in-plane-velocity-profiles-for-all-2t09hgf2.png Fig. 6. Comparison between in-plane velocity profiles for all sequences used at: (a) 2.0 L/min (tube #2, Re = 2100) and (b) 7.0 L/min (tube #1, Re = 10 100). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-left-a-velocity-vector-plot-constructed-by-measuring-1g65llsa.png Fig. 7. Left: a velocity vector plot constructed by measuring and combining the two in-plane velocity components of water as it flows through a curved tube; Right: magnification immediately downstream of the top of the arch. https://scispace.com/papers/reliable-protocol-for-shear-wave-elastography-of-lower-limb-3bs1047y1m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inter-and-intra-operator-reliability-of-the-shear-w4tjk1m0.png Table 1. Inter- and intra-operator reliability of the shear modulus measurement computed: 10 subjects, three operators, six measures each, rested and stretched VM and GL https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bland-altman-diagrams-for-the-complete-protocol-370zewte.png Fig. 3. Bland–Altman diagrams for the complete protocol applied in rested and stretched VM and GL. Each operator is represented by a different gray-scale point. GL 5 gastrocnemius lateralis; VM 5 vastus medialis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-inter-and-intra-operator-reliability-of-the-shear-2dju06w0.png Table 2. Inter- and intra-operator reliability of the shear modulus measurements computed (10 subjects, two operators, three measures each) for rested and stretched BF, GRA, RF, SAR, SM, ST, VL, VM, GM, GL and SOL https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-shear-modulus-assessment-using-elastography-in-rested-lvt1ltvj.png Fig. 1. Shear modulus assessment using elastography in rested and stretched gastrocnemius lateralis muscle. ROI 5 region of interest. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-measurement-positions-of-shear-modulus-in-rested-and-i4ih8tta.png Fig. 2. Measurement positions of shear modulus in rested and stretched muscles of the thigh and calf. BF5 biceps femoris; GL5 gastrocnemius lateralis; GM5 gastrocnemius medialis; GRA5 gracilis; RF5 rectus femoris; SAR5 sartorius; SM 5 semimembranosus; SOL 5 soleus; ST 5 semitendinosus; VL 5 vastus lateralis; VM 5 vastus medialis. https://scispace.com/papers/reliable-seawater-battery-anode-controlled-sodium-nucleation-5cmumimoc8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-bare-and-graphene-coated-partially-surface-2vymq7pz.png Figure 2.4 Bare and graphene coated partially surface-oxidized Cu substrate models to calculate Na adsorption and Na-Na binding energy according to the adsorption sites. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-14-photographs-of-0-53-mah-cm2-na-on-graphene-on-cu-180kmecy.png Figure 1.14 Photographs of 0.53 mAh/cm2 Na on graphene on Cu and pristine Cu current collector min after being exposed in the air at 0 and 10 min. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-15-a-raman-spectra-of-transferred-few-layer-zygrssqu.png Figure 1.15 (a) Raman spectra of transferred few layer graphene on 300 nm thick SiO2. The intensity ratio between G and 2D indicates the number of graphene layer. Plane view SEM image of (b) Na island on multi-layered graphene and (c) magnified image of yellow dot square in (b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-16-a-photograph-images-of-multi-layered-graphene-1710g2e4.png Figure 1.16 (a) Photograph images of multi-layered graphene contacted with Au metal on bottom and top surface. (b) I-V curves (~ 2 ohm) between top and bottom Au metal contacts of multi-layered graphene. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-21-a-photograph-of-color-change-of-graphene-coated-7kmynlya.png Figure 1.21 A photograph of color change of Graphene coated Cu, Defected graphene coated Cu and pristine Cu. The three samples were thermally annealed in air for 15 min at 185 ℃. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-11-plane-view-sem-images-of-island-like-plated-na-1e0oisad.png Figure 1.11 Plane view SEM images of island-like plated Na metal on 14 mm diameter (a-d) pristine Cu and (e-h) graphene covered Cu current collector with different applied current from 0.032 to 0.65 mA/cm2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-dependence-of-the-energy-density-of-a-battery-2xbbd0rc.png Figure 1.2 Dependence of the energy density of a battery cell on the areal capacity of the electrode for Li–air, Li–S, and Li-ion batteries, and the estimated driving distance of an electric vehicle with respect to the energy density of the battery cell used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-6-top-view-sem-image-of-a-pristine-cu-and-c-fnen9t56.png Figure 1.6 Top-view SEM image of (a) pristine Cu and (c) graphene covered Cu current collectors. The insets show a schematic of current collectors. (c) High resolution 5 × 5 nm2 STM topography image of a graphene layer on Cu foil. (d) Series photographs of monitoring Na dendrite growth on the graphene covered sample in 1M NaOTF/DME electrolyte. The yellow circle in the photograph visualizes the initial stage of Na dendrite. https://scispace.com/papers/reliable-power-delivery-and-analysis-of-power-supply-noise-51uwxvf3c7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-plots-of-voltage-at-gate-with-maximum-droop-obtained-2ypdyzpi.png Fig. 4: Plots of voltage at gate with maximum droop obtained for different workloads. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plots-of-voltage-at-gate-with-maximum-droop-obtained-g9tkngsi.png Fig. 5: Plots of voltage at gate with maximum droop obtained for the proposed PDN design and baseline when basicmath is executed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-plots-of-voltage-at-gate-with-maximum-droop-obtained-cql7ipab.png Fig. 6: Plots of voltage at gate with maximum droop obtained for different power budgets during: (a) scan shift; (b) capture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-plots-of-voltage-at-gate-with-maximum-droop-obtained-3pajg4it.png Fig. 7: Plots of voltage at gate with maximum droop obtained for the proposed PDN design and baseline for patterns generated using 60% power budget during: (a) scan shift; (b) capture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-a-typical-pdn-for-m3d-ics-2lvzyp6r.png Fig. 1: Overview of a typical PDN for M3D ICs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-used-in-the-em-model-yhiw8x04.png TABLE I: Parameters used in the EM model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-algorithm-for-pdn-optimization-using-gp-based-dse-1edrmiys.png Fig. 2: Algorithm for PDN optimization using GP-based DSE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-current-density-histogram-for-baseline-and-proposed-1vjey3ec.png Fig. 3: Current-density histogram for baseline and proposed PDN designs for Leon3 benchmark. https://scispace.com/papers/religion-related-research-in-the-journal-of-macromarketing-43whjhaz5u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-methodological-approach-by-type-o3np2ou6.png Figure 2. Methodological Approach by Type https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-author-representation-by-religious-university-3h9vzetn.png Table 7. Author Representation by Religious University Affiliation https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-author-representation-by-country-of-university-or-h4dh385f.png Table 8. Author Representation by Country of University or Firm Affiliation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-content-analysis-by-relevance-of-religion-1sa4zkvz.png Table 3. Content Analysis by Relevance of Religion https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-primary-religion-of-interest-32c5r260.png Table 4. Primary Religion of Interest https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-final-list-of-journal-of-macromarketing-articles-3tqdw94x.png Table 1. Final List of Journal of Macromarketing Articles Included in the Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-types-of-empirical-research-methods-1ssp6dyh.png Table 5. Types of Empirical Research Methods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-frequency-of-journal-of-macromarketing-religion-13gdfdmr.png Figure 1. Frequency of Journal of Macromarketing Religion Publications (1981-2014) https://scispace.com/papers/relic-neutrino-absorption-spectroscopy-3xct7zey91 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-allowed-ranges-for-the-neutrino-masses-as-a-function-1j7ti8i5.png FIG. 3: Allowed ranges for the neutrino masses as a function of the lightest neutrino mass mν1 , in the normal (top) and inverted (bottom) three-neutrino scheme (adapted from Refs. [52, 53]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-expected-number-of-neutrinos-plus-anti-neutrinos-to-7c5uqfng.png TABLE I: Expected number of neutrinos (plus anti-neutrinos) to be detected in upcoming EHECν observatories with energies in the indicated intervals until the indicated year, for two different EHECν flux scenarios – one saturating the current observational upper bound and one saturating the cascade limit (cf. Fig. 1 (bottom)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-predicted-neutrino-flux-at-earth-summed-over-all-1mz4fxum.png FIG. 9: Predicted neutrino flux at Earth, summed over all flavors, from a power-like source emissivity, with n = 1.5, zmax = ∞, α = 1.5, and Emax = 4 × 10 22 eV. This flux mimics one from hidden-sector topological defects with MX = 4 × 10 14 GeV (cf. Fig. 1 (bottom)) and is also sufficient to explain the EHECR’s above EGZK via the Z-burst mechanism. Curves are without (dotted) and with relic neutrino absorption. Assumed neutrino masses are degenerate at mν1 = 0.2 eV (dashed) and mν1 = 0.4 eV (solid). The error bars indicate the statistical accuracy achievable per energy decade by the year 2013, for a flux which saturates today’s observational bound from Fig. 1 (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-current-status-and-next-decade-prospects-for-ehecn-2tqeoba0.png FIG. 1: Current status and next decade prospects for EHECν physics, expressed in terms of diffuse neutrino fluxes per flavor, Fνα + Fν̄α , α = e, µ, τ ; full mixing among the flavors en route to Earth [33] is assumed. Top: Upper limits from RICE [37], GLUE [38], FORTE [39], and Fly’s Eye and AGASA [40]. Also shown are projected sensitivities of Auger in νe, νµ modes and in ντ mode (bottom swath) [41], ANITA [42], EUSO [43], and SalSA [44], corresponding to one event per energy decade and indicated duration. Bottom: Roadmap for improvement in the next decade (2008 and 2013; adapted from Ref. [32]), corresponding to one event per energy decade, as well as the current (2003) observational upper bound (solid-shaded) obtained from Fig. 1 (top). For the year 2008 (long-dashed), we assume 3 yr of Auger data and one 15 d ANITA flight. For 2013 (dashed-dotted), we assume 8/3/4 yr Auger/EUSO/SalSA, and 3 ANITA flights. The sensitivity will improve if further projects such as Auger North and OWL [30] are realized, or if the EUSO flight time is extended. Also shown is a wide sample of predictions for EHECν fluxes (discussed in § IIB). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-same-is-fig-7-but-with-n-a-2-fixed-and-zmax-2-5-10-254p6r6g.png FIG. 8: Same is Fig. 7, but with n − α = 2 fixed, and zmax = 2, 5, 10 (from upper to lower curves), corresponding to a bottom-up acceleration source scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-as-in-fig-5-but-with-a-power-law-activity-27-and-n-a-0-2x8hqje4.png FIG. 7: As in Fig. 5, but with a power-law activity (27) and n − α = 0, with zmin = 0 and zmax = 10 (short-dashed), 20 (solid), mimicking a topological defect source scenario. For all curves it is assumed that Emax > E res ν1 (1 + zmax). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-predicted-flux-23-of-neutrinos-na-of-flavor-a-e-u-t-at-3pkomqb8.png FIG. 4: Predicted flux (23) of neutrinos να of flavor α = e, µ, τ at Earth, for a source emissivity characterized by a power-law activity (27) and a power-law injection spectrum (28), for the case of quasi-degenerate neutrino masses (22), normalized to the predicted flux for no absorption. E/Eresν scales as the degenerate mass mν . Three values of zmax are shown: 2 (dotted), 5 (short-dashed), and 20 (long-dashed). For each choice of zmax, three choices of n−α are shown: 0 (upper), 2 (middle), and 4 (lower). The corresponding solid lines show the same quantity evaluated with the complete energy dependence of the annihilation cross-section from Ref. [3] arising from the finite Z-width, instead of exploiting the zero-width approximation (13). For all curves, Emax > E res ν1 (1+ zmax) is assumed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-as-in-fig-10-but-with-a-generous-sfr-activity-25-zmax-2iyyngw0.png FIG. 11: As in Fig. 10, but with a generous SFR activity (25), zmax = 20, injection spectrum index α = 2, and Emax = 1024 eV, to mimic astrophysical sources with Epmax = 2 × 1016 GeV. https://scispace.com/papers/religious-change-and-secularisation-in-scotland-an-analysis-1eooise4ae 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-indicators-of-secularity-scotland-and-england-1992-7s8g4c18.png Figure 5: Indicators of secularity, Scotland and England, 1992-2014 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-percent-with-no-religious-affiliation-age-group-by-2uc899aw.png Figure 6: Percent with no religious affiliation, age group by sex, 2014 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-religious-affiliation-in-scotland-1992-2014-ps7cw6ok.png Figure 1: Religious affiliation in Scotland, 1992-2014 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-attendance-at-religious-services-sociodemographic-hxle95sb.png Table 2: Attendance at religious services, sociodemographic group. 2014 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-religion-of-upbringing-in-scotland-1992-2014-pg58pgh4.png Figure 2: Religion of upbringing in Scotland, 1992-2014 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-attendance-at-religious-services-in-scotland-1992-2sl9oows.png Figure 3: Attendance at religious services in Scotland, 1992-2014 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-religious-affiliation-sociodemographic-group-2014-1p3e2eib.png Table 1: Religious affiliation, sociodemographic group, 2014 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-percent-that-never-attends-religious-services-age-19f9bvq1.png Figure 7: Percent that never attends religious services, age group by sex, 2014 https://scispace.com/papers/religious-pluralistic-language-in-a-computer-mediated-4cl9uv2o96 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-effects-of-religious-pluralistic-language-and-390clm33.png Table 2. Mean Effects of Religious Pluralistic Language and Perceptions of Partner (M/SD) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-categories-for-religious-pluralistic-language-rpl-1eqw1sak.png Table 1. Categories for Religious Pluralistic Language (RPL) https://scispace.com/papers/relocation-of-rdna-repeats-for-repair-is-dependent-on-sumo-47otd70oom 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sumoylation-of-nur1-and-lrs4-triggers-clip-cohibin-19dlz5lv.png Figure 5. SUMOylation of Nur1 and Lrs4 triggers CLIP-cohibin dissociation a, Immunoprecipitation of Nur13HA in WT, siz1∆ and siz2∆ expressing SUMO (endogenous promoter) or GFPSUMO (ADH1 promoter). Bands corresponding to Nur1 unmodified or monoSUMOylated are labeled. b, Denaturing Ni-NTA pulldowns of 6HisSUMO conjugates from WT or lrs4∆ cells expressing and Nur16HA, as indicated. Pgk1 SUMOylation was analyzed to control for pulldown efficiency, while unmodified Pgk1 served as loading control. c, Immunoprecipitation under semi-denaturing conditions of GFPLrs4 in cells overexpressing an isopeptidase-resistant SUMO mutant (SUMOQ95P). Detection of SUMO from immunoprecipitated samples is shown. d, Rates of unequal rDNA marker loss in WT, lrs4∆ (left) or rad52∆ (right) cells expressing endogenously 6HA-tagged Nur1 or the SUMOylation deficient Nur1 K175-176R mutant (nur1KR). e, Rates of unequal rDNA marker loss in nur1∆ or lrs4∆ cells transformed with empty vector or plasmids bearing 3HA-tagged NUR1 (left), TAP-tagged LRS4 (right) or the indicated linear fusions with the endogenous promoter, as indicated. Used constructs for Nur1 and Lrs4 are shown. Black, predicted transmembrane domains; blue: Csm1-interacting region. f, Co-immunoprecipitation of Nur16HA with GFPLrs4 in cells with endogenous SUMO levels, or strains overexpressing either SUMO WT or a mutant unable to recognize SIMs (FAIA, which harbors the mutations F37A I39A). The different strains were grown to mid-log phase, and SUMO variants were induced by adding 2% galactose for 2 h 30'. For a, c and f, Dpm1 served as loading control. For d and e, the rate of marker loss is calculated as in Figure 3; data are the mean of n = 3-4 independent biological replicates, shown in log2 scale relative to WT. ANOVA was performed, and different letters denote significant differences with a Tukey's post hoc test at P < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-c-terminal-nur1-phosphorylation-disrupts-the-rdna-qy78dyd8.png Figure 3. C-terminal Nur1 phosphorylation disrupts the rDNA tethering complex a, Co-immunoprecipitation of Nur16HA with GFPLrs4 in WT or cdc14-3 mutant cells. Cells were grown at the permissive temperature and shifted to 37˚C for 1h. b,Co-immunoprecipitation of Heh1GFP with Csm1TAP in nur1∆ cells. The strains were transformed with empty vector or plasmids bearing NUR1 or its phosphomimetic mutant (nur1Pmim) expressed from the endogenous promoter. c, Quantification of rDNA recombination rates in WT or nur1∆ cells as measured by unequal sister chromatid exchange (USCE) using the ADE2 marker inserted into rDNA. Cells have been transformed with empty vector or plasmids bearing NUR1 or nur1Pmim expressed from the endogenous promoter. The rate of marker loss is calculated as the ratio of half-sectored colonies (as indicated by the arrows) to the total number of colonies, excluding completely red colonies, shown in log2 scale relative to WT. Data are mean of n = 3-4 independent biological replicates. ANOVA was performed, and different letters denote significant differences with a Tukey's post hoc test at P < 0.05. For immunoblots, Dpm1 served as loading control. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-constitutive-perinuclear-tethering-of-rdna-is-3fjmlzjj.png Figure 1. Constitutive perinuclear tethering of rDNA is lethal a, Scheme of synthetic rDNA tethering through expression of GFP- and GBP-fusion proteins. Lrs4 binds ribosomal repeats through interaction with the rDNA-bound proteins Net1 or Tof2. G, GFP. b, Five-fold serial dilutions of WT, GFPLrs4, Net1GFP and Tof2GFP cells transformed with empty vector or a plasmid bearing HEH1 fused to GFP-binding protein (GBP). c, Five-fold serial dilutions of WT cells transformed with empty vector or plasmids bearing the indicated GFP-tagged fusion proteins. For b and c, cells were spotted and grown on selective media with glucose (control, Glc) or galactose (induction, Gal) at 30˚C for 3 days. All constructs contain the galactose-inducible promoter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-dna-damage-contributes-to-clip-cohibin-disassembly-20wosjst.png Figure 7. DNA damage contributes to CLIP-cohibin disassembly and Cdc48/p97-dependent rDNA relocation a, Co-immunoprecipitation of Heh1GFP with Lrs4TAP in cells with or without rDNA damage. Dpm1 served as loading control. 3HAI-PpoI with the galactose-inducible promoters GALL and GAL1 were integrated at the LEU2 locus. b, Lrs4TAP binding to rDNA repeats in cells with or without rDNA damage, quantified by ChIP-qPCR. The ChIP values are shown as Lrs4 fold enrichment over the average of three rDNA positions, after normalization to input. Illustration shows a schematic representation of an rDNA unit. Amplified regions are highlighted with red arrows. c, Percentage of WT and ufd1∆SIM cells with rDNA repeats localized outside the nucleolus before and after DSB induction. Relative nucleolar location of rDNA repeats was monitored and quantified as described for Figure 2. d, Retention of rDNA locus (NPM1) in human cells upon DNA damage treated with siRNA against UFD1L. Human RPE cells stably expressing FKBP12-HAI-PpoI were transfected with siRNAs against UFD1L (siUFD1La and siUFD1Lb), or treated with the ATM kinase inhibitor KU55933 (ATMi). Representative images of immunofluorescence staining after rDNA damage, using the indicated antibodies, are shown. Scale bar, 10 µm. e, Quantification of human RPE cells transfected with siRNA against RNF4 (siRNF4), siUFD1L (siUFD1La and siUFD1Lb), or combination thereof, showing the percentage of cells with nucleolar retention of γH2AX foci, defined as cells that show an overlap (yellow) of the γH2AX (green) with the NPM (red) signal. For a and b, quantification of double-strand break (DSB) induction (top right) and rDNA copy number (bottom right) relative to undamaged cells is shown. For b, c and e, data are mean of n = 3-4 biologically independent experiments. ANOVA was performed, and different letters denote significant differences with a Tukey's post hoc test at P < 0.05. N/S, not significant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sumoylation-recruits-cdc48-via-its-co-factor-ufd1-3qolna8k.png Figure 6. SUMOylation recruits Cdc48 via its co-factor Ufd1 to assist in rDNA release a and b, Co-immunoprecipitation of Cdc48 with GFPLrs4 (a) or Nur16HA (b) in cells overexpressing WT or mutant Cdc48. c, Co-immunoprecipitation of Nur16HA with GFPLrs4 in cells overexpressing WT or mutant Cdc48. d, Y2H analysis of conjugation-deficient SUMO (SUMOAA) or the F37A I39A mutant unable to recognize SIMs (SUMOFAIAAA) (as a Gal4-DNA-binding domain fusion, BD) with Ufd1 and ufd1∆SIM (as a Gal4-activating domain fusion, AD). e, Y2H analysis of Csm1 and Lrs4 with Cdc48, Npl4, Ufd1 and ufd1∆SIM. Fusions with Gal4-activating domain (AD) or Gal4-DNA-binding domain (BD) are indicated. f, Y2H analysis of Nur1 C (BD) with Ufd1 and ufd1∆SIM (AD), as indicated. g, Rates of unequal rDNA recombination in WT, ufd1∆SIM, lrs4∆ or ufd1∆SIM lrs4∆ cells (left), in WT and ufd1∆SIM strains expressing SUMO at endogenous levels or overexpressed from vectors with the TEF1 promoter (SUMO-OE) (right). h, Rates of unequal rDNA recombination in nur1∆ and nur1∆ ufd1∆SIM cells transformed with plasmids bearing NUR1 or its phosphomutant version (nur1Pmut) with the GAL1 promoter. Cells were grown in galactose-containing media for 4 days. For a and c, the different strains were grown to mid-log phase, and Cdc48 variants were induced by adding 2% galactose for 2 h 30'; Dpm1 served as loading control. For d, e and f, cells were spotted on control media (-LW) or selective media (-LWH + 3AT 1 mM) and grown for 3 days, or spotted on - LWHA selective media and grown for 4 days (f). For g and h, the rate of marker loss is calculated as in Figure 3; data are mean of n = 3-4 independent biological replicates, shown in log2 scale relative to WT (g) or nur1∆+NUR1 (h). ANOVA test was used, and different letters denote significant differences with a Tukey's post hoc test at P < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-model-for-rdna-release-upon-dna-damage-15sbhli6.png Figure 8. Model for rDNA release upon DNA damage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sumo-overexpression-promotes-clip-cohibin-gdwdzuws.png Figure 4. SUMO overexpression promotes CLIP-cohibin disassembly and rDNA relocation and recombination a, Co-immunoprecipitation of Nur13HA with Heh1GFP or GFPLrs4 in cells expressing SUMO at endogenous levels or overexpressed from the ADH1 promoter (6HisSUMO-OE). Dpm1 served as loading control. b, Rates of unequal rDNA recombination in WT or lrs4∆ cells expressing SUMO at endogenous levels or overexpressed from vectors with the GAL1 promoter (SUMO-OE), grown in galactose-containing media for 4 days. Data are mean of n = 4 independent biological replicates for WT cells, and n = 2 for lrs4∆ strains, shown in log2 scale relative to WT. Marker loss is calculated as in Figure 3. c, Percentage of undamaged cells with endogenous (WT) or overexpressed (SUMO-OE) SUMO levels with rDNA repeats localized outside the nucleolus, monitored as described for Figure 2. Quantification of the marked rDNA unit was scored from 4 independent biological replicates, and the mean is shown. Analysis of variance was performed, and different letters denote significant differences with a Tukey's post hoc test at P < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-nur1-c-terminus-is-critical-for-clip-cohibin-3lmhl5c4.png Figure 2. The Nur1 C-terminus is critical for CLIP-cohibin interaction a and b, Co-immunoprecipitation of Csm1TAP and Heh1GFP in WT, lrs4∆ (a) and nur1∆ (b) cells. c and d, Y2H analysis of Csm1 and Lrs4 with Heh1 and Nur1 nucleoplasmic domains (c); or of Csm1 and Cdc14 with Nur1 C and truncations (d). Fusions with Gal4-activating domain (AD) or Gal4-DNA-binding domain (BD) are indicated. Cells were spotted on control media (-LW) or selective media (-LWH) and grown for 3 days. Scheme of the constructs used for CLIP complex components is shown. e, Co-immunoprecipitation of GFPLrs4 with either HA-tagged Nur1 fulllength (Nur13HA), lacking its last 54 residues (Nur1∆543HA) or the complete C-terminal domain (Nur1∆C3HA). f, Scheme of rDNA locus and fluorescent markers used in g. Cells bear a tetO array adjacent to an I-SceI endonuclease cut site inserted into an rDNA unit on chromosome XII, which is revealed by TetImRFP foci. These cells also express Rad52YFP as a marker of the HR machinery. The nucleolus is visualized by a plasmid expressing the nucleolar protein Nop1ECFP. g, Percentage of undamaged Nur16HA, Nur1∆546HA, Nur1∆C6HA or nur1∆ cells with rDNA repeats localized outside the nucleolus. Repeat location was monitored by the position of TetImRFP focus relative to the nucleolar mark, and quantification is shown. Data are mean of n = 2-3 independent biological replicates. Representative images are shown. Scale bar, 2 µm. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, and different letters denote significant differences with a Tukey's post hoc test at P < 0.05. For immunoblots, Dpm1 served as loading control. https://scispace.com/papers/remaining-useful-life-estimation-in-heterogeneous-fleets-wlglpotfsc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-189-rul-prediction-and-corresponding-10th-and-90th-3iqdav85.png Figure 189: RUL prediction and corresponding 10th and 90th percentiles of one engine. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-value-of-the-performance-metrics-for-the-3pibqq37.png Table 3: Average value of the performance metrics for the Ptest=150 test trajectories obtained by the proposed approach and the fuzzy similarity-based approach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-estimated-parameters-values-and-their-confidence-1ksuc2rk.png Figure 8: Estimated parameters values and their confidence intervals of the transitions occurred from state 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sample-realization-of-the-degradation-process-of-a-31a73tgr.png Figure 9: Sample realization of the degradation process of a capacitor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-of-a-hdtfssm-modelling-the-degradation-1kd008e1.png Figure 1: An example of a HDTFSSM modelling the degradation behaviour of generic equipment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sketch-of-the-proposed-data-driven-prognostics-29667tqf.png Figure 2: Sketch of the proposed data-driven prognostics approach for a fleet of Ptraining pieces of equipment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-examples-of-pre-processed-signals-data-1dud8vhh.png Figure 14: Examples of pre-processed signals data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-examples-of-one-signal-of-the-three-groups-10tfqc6s.png Figure 15: Examples of one signal of the three groups obtained by the correlation criteria. https://scispace.com/papers/remarkable-adsorption-performance-of-rutile-tio2-110-1k03hhqj8r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-optimized-supercells-of-tio2-a-tio2-t-tio2-c-tio2-g-2zsmxweq.png Figure 1. Optimized supercells of TiO2+A, TiO2+T, TiO2+C, TiO2+G, respectively, viewed (a-d) from the top of the rutile TiO2 (110) surface, and (e-f) from the side of the rutile TiO2 (110) substrate. (i-l) exhibit the four DNA nucleobases after optimization, i.e., adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G), respectively. 2D slab model with two Ti layers were considered. Blue, red, brown, sliver, and pink balls denote Ti, O, C, N, H atoms, respectively. Visualization was produced via VESTA [17]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-band-structures-of-a-rutile-tio2-110-b-tio2-a-c-2ofvvbeb.png Figure 3. Band structures of (a) rutile TiO2 (110), (b) TiO2+A, (c) TiO2+T, (d) TiO2+C, (e) TiO2+G. The red and green dots indicate the conduction band minimum and valence band maximum, respectively. Visualization was created using Sumo [20]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-top-and-side-views-of-the-highest-occupied-1lmkm1eq.png Figure 5. Top and side views of the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) of (a) rutile TiO2 (110), (b-e) necleobases A, T, C, and G, (f) TiO2+A, (g) TiO2+T, (h) TiO2+C, (i) TiO2+G. Visualization was produced via VESTA [17]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-binding-energy-b-vertical-distance-c-work-1184ifkd.png Figure 2. (a) Binding energy, (b) vertical distance, (c) work function shift, and (d) band gap of different adsorption systems with adsorbent being rutile TiO2 (110) surface (this work), pentagraphene (Penta-Gr) [3], graphene (Gr1) [9], graphene (Gr2) [10], black phosphorous (BP) [9], hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) [10], and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) [11] substrate, respectively, and adsorbent being one of the four DNA nucleobases. The adsorption systems were denoted as Sub.+A/T/C/G, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-density-of-states-dos-of-a-rutile-tio2-110-b-tio2-a-2i14hzkl.png Figure 4. Density of states (DOS) of (a) rutile TiO2 (110), (b) TiO2+A, (c) TiO2+T, (d) TiO2+C, (e) TiO2+G. Elemental DOS of all orbitals were presented. Visualization was realized through Sumo [20] https://scispace.com/papers/remarkable-increase-in-basicity-associated-with-41p4ztlpx0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-two-component-gels-of-1c-and-3-in-ch3cn-in-the-ll9hx3ef.png Fig. 5 Two-component gels of 1c and 3 in CH3CN in the presence of I3. Molar fraction of 1c is indicated. Total concentration of gelators: 15 mM. [I3] = 3 ¥ 10-4 mM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-racemisation-of-4-hydroxy-4-p-nitrophenyl-tgfscc27.png Table 1 Results of racemisation of 4-hydroxy-4-(p-nitrophenyl)-2butanonea https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-suggested-mechanism-of-racemisation-iah8mp17.png Fig. 2 Suggested mechanism of racemisation. https://scispace.com/papers/remedy-or-cure-for-service-failure-effects-of-service-1b9tv4gysf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-conceptual-framework-1utg137x.png Figure 1: A conceptual framework https://scispace.com/papers/remission-of-acute-monocytic-leukemia-secondary-to-treatment-38mvq4fqmo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-partial-g-banding-karyotype-showing-the-t-8-16-p11-cp9q3sxs.png Fig. 1. (A) Partial G-banding karyotype showing the t(8;16)(p11;p13); arrows indicate breakpoints. (B) FISH analysis with BACs RPCI-11 461A8 and RPCI-11 95J11. A green signal in der(8) and a red signal in der(16) are indicative of CBP splitting. A screen-shot from the UCSC Genome Browser (July 2003 version, http://genome.ucsc.edu) is shown below, displaying the relative position of the BAC clones used in FISH. (C) RT-PCR amplification of the chimeric type I MOZ-CBP transcript (1128 bp). Lane M: 1-Kb ladder Plus molecular weight marker (Invitrogen-Life Technologies, Paisley, UK); lane 1: patient sample at the moment of diagnosis; lane 2: patient sample after therapy; lane 3: sample from a healthy subject; lane 4: negative control. (D) Sequence of the RT-PCR product obtained in (A) showing an in-frame fusion between MOZ exon 16 and CBP exon 3. https://scispace.com/papers/remittances-the-diffusion-of-information-and-1pywsfy7zf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fixed-effects-and-gmm-interactive-and-non-2ew99rhp.png Table 1: Fixed Effects and GMM Interactive and Non-Interactive Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-remittance-inflow-as-a-percentage-of-gdp-26hy604c.png Figure 1: Remittance Inflow as a Percentage of GDP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scatter-plot-remittance-and-industrialisation-in-3rj9miea.png Figure 2: Scatter Plot (Remittance and Industrialisation in Africa – 1980-2015) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-instrumental-interactive-quantile-regressions-5bw4y3gb.png Table 3:Instrumental Interactive Quantile Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-instrumental-non-interactive-quantile-regressions-1kpq4oms.png Table 2: Instrumental Non-Interactive Quantile Regressions https://scispace.com/papers/remixing-rasmussen-the-evolution-of-accimaps-within-systemic-3pzm90v9ku 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-database-search-results-ppg3pzj3.png Table 1: Database search results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-accimap-diagram-format-adapted-from-rasmussen-and-1c26vkum.png Figure 5: Accimap diagram format (adapted from Rasmussen and Svedung, 2000, p. 21) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-operators-ladder-of-abstraction-rasmussen-1974-xjbpmu22.png Figure 6: The operator’s ‘ladder of abstraction’ Rasmussen (1974) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-development-of-methods-for-sociotechnical-3ugbb9pf.png Figure 1: The development of methods for sociotechnical systems and safety (adapted from Waterson et al., 2015) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-study-sample-1xgyoo44.png Table 2: Study sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-model-of-the-human-operator-in-a-control-system-6pohgx77.png Figure 9: Model of the human operator in a control system (Rasmussen, 1980) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dynamic-model-of-safety-and-system-performance-i73737o3.png Figure 2: Dynamic model of safety and system performance (Rasmussen, 1997) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-complex-interaction-in-a-man-machine-system-7pkwdfv2.png Figure 7: Complex interaction in a man-machine system (Rasmussen, 1982) https://scispace.com/papers/remixing-dub-reggae-in-the-music-classroom-a-practice-based-2rpo2613vf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-group-mixing-levels-for-fragmentation-14jjz7qx.png Figure 2: Group mixing levels for fragmentation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-screenshot-of-idiomatic-effect-presets-of-a-dub-3s97146l.png Figure 1: Screenshot of idiomatic effect presets of a dub reggae mix. https://scispace.com/papers/remote-characterization-of-seafloor-adjacent-to-shipwrecks-1yya31z0as 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3d-view-of-the-shipwreck-based-on-the-bathymetric-19z0nhoh.png Figure 6 – 3D view of the shipwreck based on the bathymetric data acquired. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-beam-pattern-window-showing-the-real-answer-of-the-2w32an2x.png Figure 7 – Beam pattern window showing the real answer of the transducer, the predicted one on the basis of the MBES frequency and sediment type, the resulting correction to apply to remove the transducer artifacts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-processes-involved-in-the-backscatter-response-a-23v92zjw.png Figure 4 – Processes involved in the backscatter response: A) facets reflection, B) volume heterogeneities and C) scatterers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bathymetric-map-in-meters-of-the-case-study-area-1y5tgr6w.png Figure 5 – Bathymetric map (in meters) of the case-study area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-seabed-sampling-trough-grabs-1bx3crxb.png Figure 11 – Seabed sampling trough grabs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-sediment-analysis-window-the-real-backscatter-p4o0iycv.png Figure 10 – Sediment Analysis Window: the real backscatter answer is modeled as the product of interface, volume and Kirchoff backscatter components. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-artifacts-present-at-normal-incidence-in-some-r66khlcq.png Figure 9 –Artifacts present at normal incidence in some acquisition lines in the northern part of the backscatter mosaic (left); zoom on the shipwreck site (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reflection-coherent-part-and-scattering-of-an-3nm927e0.png Figure 1 – Reflection (coherent part) and scattering of an acoustic wave incident a rough surface. https://scispace.com/papers/remote-handling-in-high-power-proton-facilities-q5frpe5icj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-sns-linac-dump-assembly-9xte35ac.png Figure 10: SNS Linac Dump Assembly. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cngs-tunnel-target-area-tk1e3jts.png Figure 8: CNGS Tunnel Target Area . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-d-model-of-sns-hot-cell-ciu1l9hw.png Figure 1: 3-D Model of SNS hot Cell. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-isolde-target-exchange-robot-16jrgg7x.png Figure 4: ISOLDE Target Exchange Robot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lansce-remote-handling-machine-294uk16n.png Figure 3: LANSCE Remote Handling Machine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sns-telescopic-servo-manipulator-2nmblwh7.png Figure 2: SNS Telescopic Servo Manipulator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-vertical-cross-section-of-psi-beam-line-36f5vpe4.png Figure 5: Vertical Cross-Section of PSI Beam Line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-psi-shielded-flask-215bedqo.png Figure 6: PSI Shielded Flask. https://scispace.com/papers/remnant-colloform-pyrite-at-the-haile-gold-deposit-south-4075fhfikd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-volcanic-rocks-textures-at-haile-a-drill-core-5-cm-fmjm4rdz.png FIG. 5. Volcanic rocks textures at Haile. A. Drill core (5 cm-wide) specimen of crystal-rich and lithic and pumice-bearing tuffs. B. Photomicrograph of phenocryst-rich and lithophysae (L)-bearing crystal tuffs (field of view = 1.0 mm wide). C. Drill core (5 cm wide) of pumice-bearing tuff; note that in this tuffaceous rock some of the pumice is replaced by pyrite (arrows). D. Photomicrograph of flattened pumice (P) replaced by pyrite, quartz, and other minerals (field of view = 4.5 mm wide). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-the-carolina-slate-belt-relative-to-other-1aozrrmq.png FIG. 1. Location of the Carolina slate belt relative to other terranes in the southeastern United States. Major gold deposits of the Carolina slate belt are located in South Carolina and North Carolina. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-compositional-maps-of-flattened-pumice-a-back-1rfq22wb.png FIG. 6. Compositional maps of flattened pumice. A. Back-scattered electron image of pyrite (P, medium gray), chalcopyrite (C, white), and iron-oxide (I, dark gray) in pumice. B. Distribution of Fe in the sample (brighter areas are more Fe rich). C. Close-up view of lower right corner of (A). D. As (elemental) distributions present in pyrite (same view as C). E. Enlargement of inset box in (C), showing As distributions. F. Same view as (E), showing Au (as electrum) within the sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-close-up-of-crustiform-pyrite-see-fig-7c-showing-a-1qqu7rot.png FIG. 8. Close-up of crustiform pyrite (see Fig. 7C), showing a relatively well preserved layered structure. A. Back-scattered electron image map of well-preserved colloform pyrite having a delicate layered structure. B. Elemental map of sulfur. Area shown in the inset box in (A) is enlarged in the next four photographs. C. Sulfur, shows subtle chemical zonation. D. Copper, confirms the presence of micrometer-sized blebs of chalcopyrite (Cu). E. Arsenic (As), shows alternating bands of low and high arsenic contents that range from 0 to 3.3 wt percent. F. Gold (Au), shows that electrum is also present in the layers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-generalized-geologic-map-of-the-haile-deposit-showing-3khdqp7i.png FIG. 2. Generalized geologic map of the Haile deposit showing the locations of intensely mineralized areas, modified from Maddry and Speer (1992). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-photomicrographs-showing-pyrite-textures-a-fine-1mysjuh1.png FIG. 7. Photomicrographs showing pyrite textures. A. Fine-grained spongy, rounded masses of pyrite that envelop and drape over euhedral pyrite (P) debris. Arrow points to contact between two pyrite types (field of view = 4.5 mm wide). B. Aggregate of cubic pyrite (P) with interstitial chalcopyrite (C) (field of view = 45 mm wide). C. Fragments of botryoidal and crustiform layered pyrite (P) in a quartz-sericite (QS) matrix (field of view = 10 mm wide). D. Rounded masses of pyrite (P) with variable amounts of disaggregation (field of view = 5 mm wide). E. Layered pyrites (P) displaying spherical structures and distinct cores (field of view = 2.5 mm wide); late gold occurs between pyrite grains. F. Spherical pyrite structures in deformed pyrite-rich sediment (field of view = 1 cm wide). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-photographs-showing-structural-evidence-for-timing-of-rrycv2f3.png FIG. 4. Photographs showing structural evidence for timing of gold mineralization at the Haile deposit. A. Hand specimen of Persimmon Fork showing pyrite-bearing mudstones with isoclinally refolded synclines (lower right) and F1 folded by F2, a third stage of folding produced a cleavage weakly developed in the bottom left corner and late coarse pyrite overprints some parts of the original laminae. B. Rock face showing main F2 fold crests. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-generalized-paragenetic-sequence-describing-minerals-1kdjxksp.png FIG. 3. Generalized paragenetic sequence describing minerals of the Haile deposit. Mineralized rock contains 1 to 15 percent Fe sulfide; iron sulfide minerals constitute ~95 percent of the total sulfides by volume. Abbreviations: a = aggregates, c = colloform growth textures, d = disseminated cubic, f = fine grained, m = massive, r = recrystallized; Syn = syngenetic, D2 = major deformation event. https://scispace.com/papers/remote-controlling-and-monitoring-of-safety-devices-using-15r9jr3u48 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-screenshot-from-web-interface-of-indalo-access-control-qi75qcvw.png Fig. 4. Screenshot from web interface of “Indalo” access control management device https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-using-the-web-based-embedded-device-for-different-joh6il0p.png Fig. 1. Using the web-based embedded device for different applications https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-embedded-system-using-cgis-to-communicate-with-premier-13k7uybh.png Fig. 5. Embedded system using CGIs to communicate with “Premier” alarm control panel https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-separating-device-dependent-code-to-be-on-daemons-and-33110clx.png Fig. 6. Separating device-dependent code to be on daemons and HTML-dependent code on CGIs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-securing-the-embedded-system-2sz1r3tj.png Fig. 2. Securing the embedded system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-web-software-logic-as-the-interface-between-the-12hnty5r.png Fig. 3. Web software logic as the interface between the browser and the supported system https://scispace.com/papers/remote-sensing-and-the-future-of-landscape-ecology-1a90brp0x9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-different-types-of-ecosystem-or-land-cover-1qccvjr0.png Figure 2 The different types of ecosystem (or land cover) examined in 158 research investigations that employed remote sensing imagery, surveyed from the journal Landscape Ecology for the years 2004–2008 (inclusive). The categories refer to the predominant ecosystem type in the study areas concerned. The category ‘Mixed’ refers to situations where no single ecosystem or land-cover type predominated https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-forest-fragmentation-in-three-study-areas-estimated-2ykkvgk2.png Figure 4 Forest fragmentation in three study areas, estimated from analysis of satellite remote sensing imagery. Two measures of fragmentation are presented: (a) mean patch size; (b) patch density. Symbols: filled circle – Los Muermos (Chile); fi lled triangle – Chiapas (Mexico); empty square – Maule (Chile). Values were also obtained for Central Veracruz (not illustrated) for two dates, where mean patch size declined from 1176 ha in 1984 to 1291 ha in 2000, and patch density declined from 0.013 to 0.009 over the same period https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-digital-canopy-height-model-of-monks-wood-nnr-885egu32.png Figure 5 Digital Canopy Height Model of Monks Wood NNR (Cambridgeshire, UK) derived from (a) airborne LiDAR data and (b) predictive map of Great Tit nestling body mass for spring 2001 based on a relationship between nestling body mass and canopy height. Note that areas of Monks Wood NNR with a mean canopy height beyond the range encountered in the sample areas for nestboxes occupied by Great Tits in 2001 were unclassifi ed (shown in black) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-major-land-cover-types-in-rio-maule-cobquecura-15ywnzr8.png Figure 3 Major land-cover types in Rio Maule-Cobquecura, Chile, for the years (a) 1975, (b) 1990 and (c) 2000. Light grey – crop and pasture land; medium grey – shrubland and arboreous shrubland; black – native forest; white – exotic species plantation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spatial-extent-of-158-research-investigations-that-1ddpggnk.png Figure 1 Spatial extent of 158 research investigations that employed remote sensing imagery, surveyed from the journal Landscape Ecology for the years 2004–2008 (inclusive). The x axis values refer to categories, namely <1 km2, 1–10 km2, 10–100 km2, 100–1000 km2, 1000–10,000 km2, 10,000–100,000 km2 and >100,000 km2 https://scispace.com/papers/remote-modification-of-bidentate-phosphane-ligands-35ulwhnix5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-high-frequency-regions-of-the-solution-1h-nmr-a2uqdfbk.png Figure 1. High-frequency regions of the solution 1H NMR spectra (500 MHz, acetone-d6, 298 K) for (a) [Cu(HN-xantphos)(bpy)][PF6], (b) [Cu(HN-xantphos)(Mebpy)][PF6] and (c) [Cu(HN-xantphos)(Me2bpy)][PF6]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-absorption-spectra-of-solutions-2-5-x-10-5-m-in-2di4aujw.png Figure 4. a) Absorption spectra of solutions (2.5 × 10–5 M in CH2Cl2) of [Cu(BnNxantphos)N^N)][PF6] with N^N = bpy, Mebpy and Me2bpy compared with the spectrum of [Cu(xantphos)(Me2bpy)][PF6]. b) Photoluminescence spectra of powder samples of [Cu(HNxantphos)(N^N)][PF6] and [Cu(BnN-xantphos)N^N)][PF6] with N^N = bpy, Mebpy and Me2bpy (λexc = 375 nm). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-device-parameters-for-the-set-of-lecs-presented-in-1cvbwzd9.png Table 3. Device parameters for the set of LECs presented in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-structure-ellipsoids-at-40-probability-level-and-2x04hnwl.png Figure 2. (a) Structure (ellipsoids at 40% probability level and H atoms omitted) of the [Cu(HN-xantphos)(Mebpy)]+ cation. Selected bond parameters: Cu1–P1 = 2.2344(9), Cu1–P2 = 2.2925(9), Cu1–N1 = 2.080(3), Cu1–N2 = 2.067(3) Å; P1–Cu1–P2 = 120.67(3), P1–Cu1– N1 = 124.95(10), P2–Cu1–N1 = 99.62(9), P1–Cu1–N2 = 120.32(9), P2–Cu1–N2 = 103.01(9), N1–Cu1–N2 = 79.56(15)°. (b) Structure (ellipsoids at 40% probability level and H atoms omitted) of the [Cu(BnN-xantphos)(Me2bpy)]+ cation. Selected bond parameters: Cu1–P2 = 2.3088(9), Cu1–P1 = 2.2508(9), Cu1–N2 = 2.088(3), Cu1–N1 = 2.106(3) Å; P1–Cu1–P2 = 118.87(3), N2–Cu1–P2 = 102.70(7), N2–Cu1–P1 = 119.84(7), N2–Cu1–N1 = 79.84(10), N1– Cu1–P2 = 99.57(7), N1–Cu1–P1 = 127.80(8)°. (c) Overlay of the structures of the [Cu(HN- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-energy-diagram-displaying-the-energies-calculated-110sajoz.png Figure 3. Energy diagram displaying the energies calculated for the frontier molecular orbitals of [Cu(HN-xantphos)(N^N)]+, [Cu(BnN-xantphos)(N^N)]+ and [Cu(xantphos)(bpy)]+ complexes. The HOMO‒LUMO energy gaps are also quoted. Isovalue contour plots (±0.03 a.u.) are shown for MOs of complexes [Cu(HN-xantphos)(bpy)]+ and [Cu(xantphos)(bpy)]+. The topology calculated for the corresponding MOs of the other complexes is similar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-energy-diagram-of-the-lowest-energy-excited-states-1gcp9649.png Figure 5. Energy diagram of the lowest-energy excited states calculated at the TD-DFT level for [Cu(xantphos)(bpy)]+ and [Cu(HN-xantphos)(bpy)]+ at the minimum-energy geometry of the ground state S0. The vertical excitation energy, the main contributing excitation and the nature are indicated for each state. The unpaired-electron spin-density plots (isocontours of 0.002 a.u.) computed at the UDFT level for the fully relaxed T1 state of both complexes are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cyclic-voltammetry-data-for-cu-bnn-xantphos-n-n-pf6-1nnlklt6.png Table 1. Cyclic voltammetry data for [Cu(BnN-xantphos)(N^N)][PF6] complexes in CH2Cl2 (ca. 2 × 10−3 M, vs. Fc+/Fc, [nBu4N][PF6] as supporting electrolyte, scan rate = 0.1 V s−1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-c-luminance-symbols-voltage-lines-and-b-d-kvxrdf4f.png Figure 6. (a, c) Luminance (symbols), voltage (lines) and (b, d) corresponding power conversion efficiency (PCE) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) vs. time for LECs employing CLEVIOS™ P VP AI 4083 (left) or CLEVIOS™ P VP CH 8000 (right) as the hole injection layer. https://scispace.com/papers/remote-sensing-and-local-knowledge-of-hydrocarbon-1yxohkun4j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-satellite-sensors-and-their-radiometric-and-spatial-2qolfdfp.png TABLE 1. Satellite sensors and their radiometric and spatial resolution. The division of scales used and number of pixels for thresholds between individual classes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-left-brigadier-vasili-serotetto-explaining-the-1kxubsrz.png FIG. 5. Left: Brigadier Vasili Serotetto explaining the migration routes, campsites, and pastures of Brigade No. 2 with a false-colour composite of ASTER VNIR imagery. Photo: Timo Kumpula, 14 July 2005. Right: Camp of Brigade No. 4 close to Bovanenkovo. Notice chums and sledges in the middle and slightly clustered reindeer herd on left side (circled with black line). Photo: Bruce Forbes, 11 July 2005. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-capacity-of-imagery-to-detect-different-impacts-of-2lzsbuf3.png TABLE 2. Capacity of imagery to detect different impacts of hydrocarbon exploration in Bovanenkovo, compared to socio-cultural surveys and ground truthing. Rankings: – not visible, x visible with effort, xx moderately visible, xxx clearly visible. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-detecting-reindeer-herders-from-the-panchromatic-28khxmnl.png FIG. 4. Detecting reindeer herders: From the panchromatic Quickbird-2 image, tents (white dots), sledges (purple dots), and reindeer herd (black polygon) were https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-capacity-to-detect-phenomena-associated-with-nenets-rp5v2sux.png TABLE 3. Capacity to detect phenomena associated with Nenets reindeer herding. Rankings: – not visible, x visible with effort, xx moderately visible, xxx clearly visible. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-detecting-small-and-medium-scale-impacts-with-3f383ywo.png FIG. 2. Detecting small- and medium-scale impacts. With Quickbird-2 panchromatic imagery, the size and the nature of most surface disturbances can be reliably determined. In multispectral Quickbird-2 imagery, details are detectable but more blurry. In ASTER imagery, the size, shape and nature of objects are somewhat unclear, and with Landsat ETM+7 imagery, the impact is barely observable. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-small-and-medium-scale-impacts-the-capacity-to-detect-3jp6adul.png FIG. 3. Small- and medium-scale impacts: The capacity to detect single and multiple off-road vehicle tracks. When individual vehicle tracks are multiplied and spread out, they appear as medium-scale impacts and are therefore possible to detect from coarser imagery. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-yamal-peninsula-showing-the-location-of-the-3u40yj32.png FIG. 1. Map of the Yamal Peninsula, showing the location of the Bovanenkovo ' ' E. Arrows indicate the yearly migration paths of the Yarsalinski sovkhoz brigades. The brigades travel 1200–1400 km with the reindeer herd between the most distant summer pastures by the Kara Sea coast and the winter pastures that lie south of the Bay of Ob (background map data: ESRI). https://scispace.com/papers/remote-real-time-cnc-machining-for-web-based-manufacturing-45v7kq66vk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-web-user-interface-to-wise-shopfloor-g8e6utbw.png Fig. 3. Web user interface to Wise-ShopFloor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-http-streaming-based-sensor-data-collections-and-35kc5jqn.png Fig. 5. HTTP streaming-based sensor data collections and distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-web-based-real-time-monitoring-and-remote-control-24enkais.png Fig. 6. Web-based real-time monitoring and remote control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-concept-of-w-nzxrrwlp.png Fig. 1. Concept of W https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-framework-of-wise-shopfloor-24ldfebm.png Fig. 2. Framework of Wise-ShopFloor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-test-bed-configuration-3brtb7gf.png Fig. 4. Test bed configuration. https://scispace.com/papers/remote-sensing-of-low-energy-seps-via-charge-exchange-26tiid3on6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-304-a-line-time-series-during-the-sep-flare-2m98mjhj.png FIGURE 2. The 304 Å line time series during the SEP flare SOL2012-01-23: line center and blue-wing points over at line-of-sight velocities corresponding to 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 MeV/nucleon. The background level is derived from the time interval 03:00:11–03:03:21 UT and the line-wing excess irradiances increased by 100× for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-net-cross-sections-weighted-to-hydrogen-he-pale-77lainx3.png FIGURE 1. Net cross-sections weighted to hydrogen: He, pale blue; O, red; C, blue; N, gold. The weighting includes coronal abundances for these elements, their ionization fractions for a 1.5 MK equilibrium, and an estimated factor 0.2 to account for recombination to an excited state leading to Lyα emission. https://scispace.com/papers/remote-sensing-of-the-cryosphere-in-high-mountain-asia-4l7zmgt561 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-completed-processing-of-digitalglobe-dems-as-of-7-1npkis5e.png Figure 2 Completed processing of DigitalGlobe DEMs as of 7- Jan-2017 (colored grids). Blue polygons represent HMA glaciers [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-high-mountain-asia-hma-study-region-black-rectangle-1ce2h32r.png Figure 1 High Mountain Asia (HMA) study region (black rectangle) and glacier cover (blue polygons [6]). https://scispace.com/papers/remote-sensing-disturbance-detection-index-to-identify-4c50o1idts 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-flood-disturbance-detection-results-obtained-from-the-1jkol2cj.png Fig. 6. Flood disturbance detection results obtained from the instantaneous DIs based on the actual EVI and predicted EVI during the same period 420 in the Northeast China. The left panel shows the result of period 193 (the 193rd day to 208th day) in 2005. The middle panel shows the result of period 209 421 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-study-area-the-left-panel-shows-the-position-of-yninu0th.png Fig. 2. The study area. The left panel shows the position of the study area (Northeast China) in China. The right panel shows the spatial distribution of 243 cultivated land in Northeast China.244 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-flood-disturbance-detection-results-obtained-from-the-o0nbmipj.png Fig. 4. Flood disturbance detection results obtained from the integrated DIs based on the 347 comparison between the actual peak EVI and predicted normal peak EVI in the 348 Northeast China. The left panel shows the result of year 2005. The right panel shows the 349 result of year 2013. 350 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-validation-of-the-flood-disturbance-areas-detected-f4vckezb.png Table 1. Validation of the flood disturbance areas detected by the integrated DIs based 351 on the comparison between the actual peak EVI and predicted normal peak EVI against 352 official province-level statistics of the flood-affected crop areas. 353 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-correlation-between-the-actual-and-predicted-damaged-1u5mnzb3.png Fig. 8. Correlation between the actual and predicted damaged degrees (DD) for: (a) 500 2005; (b) 2013. 501 4 DISCUSSION 502 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-crop-areas-disturbed-by-floods-within-2ap5fkvj.png Table 2. Percentage of crop areas disturbed by floods within a certain range to the 377 nearest river (%). 378 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spatial-distribution-of-crop-areas-negatively-1krjhla0.png Fig. 5. Spatial distribution of crop areas negatively disturbed by floods in the floodplains 375 in the Songnen plain. The color represents the distance to the nearest river. 376 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-dis-algorithm-and-conceptual-model-illustrating-1o1bbey6.png Fig. 1. The DIs algorithm and conceptual model illustrating the flood disturbance on 201 crop production. The upper panel is for the instantaneous disturbance index and the lower 202 panel is for the integrated disturbance index. The shadowed area represents the range of 203 natural variation. 204 https://scispace.com/papers/remote-storage-resource-management-in-ws-pgrade-guse-3gfwts5d0m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-6-workflow-input-selection-using-data-avenue-2kn31ufd.png Fig. 5.6 Workflow input selection using Data Avenue https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1-data-avenue-overall-architecture-and-use-cases-24y3d5dp.png Fig. 5.1 Data Avenue overall architecture and use-cases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4-data-avenue-in-ws-pgrade-1d93ycwz.png Figure 5.4 Data Avenue in WS-PGRADE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-2-data-avenue-graphical-user-interface-1htwanwf.png Fig. 5.2 Data Avenue graphical user interface https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-5-use-of-various-storages-from-ws-pgrade-workflows-by-3ureii1j.png Fig. 5.5 Use of various storages from WS-PGRADE workflows by applying Data Avenue service https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-3-blacktop-architecture-3tia7dyo.png Fig. 5.3 Blacktop architecture https://scispace.com/papers/remotely-keyed-cryptographics-secure-remote-display-access-2r0l767wzy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-remotely-keyed-decryption-in-gpu-protocol-shown-t5wkcyk7.png Fig. 2. Remotely Keyed Decryption in GPU Protocol Shown: logical links https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dedicated-lan-and-client-1-fig-5-shared-lan-and-client-1lvx9yu3.png Fig. 4. Dedicated Lan and Client 1 Fig. 5. Shared Lan and Client 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-all-entities-on-a-single-system-1oodqc89.png Fig. 3. All Entities on a Single System https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-architecture-for-remotely-keyed-decryption-in-the-gpu-11gc3563.png Fig. 1. Architecture for Remotely Keyed Decryption in the GPU https://scispace.com/papers/remotely-sensed-albedo-allows-the-identification-of-two-d2wv1kk3td 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-variation-of-the-states-i-e-local-minima-of-the-47jx9qwl.png Figure 4. Variation of the states (i.e., local minima of the moving window with a size of 100 points) obtained from potential energy for vegetation cover along the aridity gradient studied. Rest of caption as in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-vulnerable-areas-where-critical-transitions-in-cd1y7rdf.png Figure 5. Vulnerable areas where critical transitions in albedo and vegetation may occur as aridity values increase due to climate change (marked in brown, pink and black for areas dominated by shrublands, grasslands and mixed vegetation). The colored and white areas in the background are the vegetation sensitivity index (VSI) from Seddon et al. (2016) and the regions excluded by our mask layers, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-characteristics-of-vegetation-types-in-the-17p87ju4.png Table 1 The characteristics of vegetation types in the vulnerable areas identified. SD is the standard deviation. SHO is the shortwave white-sky albedo. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relationships-between-aridity-and-shortwave-white-2z6yukfr.png Figure 6. Relationships between aridity and shortwave white-sky albedo (SHO; a), total (b) and shrub (c) cover. The dash and solid lines are same as those in Fig. 3. Different vegetation types are noted by different symbols/colours. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-probability-density-of-shortwave-white-sky-albedo-3t0m2ehn.png Figure 2. Probability density of shortwave white-sky albedo (SHO; a), visible white-sky albedo (VIS; b) and near-infrared white-sky albedo (NIR; c) across the study area. The curve shown in panels a, b and c was fitted by using a Gaussian kernel function. The comparison of fitting 1-5 normal distributions to albedos based on the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) is shown in panel d. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-variation-of-the-states-i-e-local-minima-of-the-17kxghar.png Figure 3. Variation of the states (i.e. local minima of the moving window with a size of 100 points) obtained from potential energy for the visible white-sky albedo (VIS; a), near-infrared white-sky albedo (NIR; b) and shortwave white-sky albedo (SHO; c) along the aridity gradient studied. The black and purple-red dots are both local minima obtained from the moving window; the potential energy at black dots is lower than at purple-red dots. The solid lines delimit the aridity range (i.e. 0.72-0.78) is where the two states co-occur; the dashed line indicates the aridity level (i.e. 0.75) where the low albedo state starts to exhibit less attraction (i.e. higher potential energy) than the high albedo state. Contour lines (see color bar) represent the estimated potential energy. The (c1)-(c5) insets show details for the variation of the states of SHO along the aridity gradient studied. https://scispace.com/papers/remotely-sensed-rivers-in-the-anthropocene-state-of-the-art-4sc06svdd3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-classes-of-channel-changes-combining-incision-and-3lbfm0fe.png Figure 3. Classes of channel changes combining incision and narrowing based on regional LiDAR, aerial photos and field/archived data to established reference: severe changes indicate significant narrowing (>50–100% of their current width) and riverbed incision (2–5 m) over the last century; moderate changes indicate mostly river reaches that show substantial narrowing and moderate channel incision. (From Bizzi et al., 2019) [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-framework-of-geomorphic-studies-diagnosis-2qtbtdxf.png Figure 1. General framework of geomorphic studies: diagnosis and project appraisal, top-down and bottom-up strategies. (From Piégay et al., 2016, ch. 22.) [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-long-profile-of-median-grain-size-over-80-km-of-the-1lew4hrf.png Figure 5. Long profile of median grain size over 80 km of the Sainte Marguerite River, Québec, from image processing and showing link cutoff points (vertical lines), numbered 1–8 as determined by Davey and Lapointe (unpublished report, 2004) and an example of an ‘error column’ structure caused by glare at the water surface. (From Carbonneau et al., 2005.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-monitoring-of-sediment-wave-propagation-following-a-3mnse8dz.png Figure 9. Monitoring of sediment wave propagation following a gravel replenishment operation downstream of a dam in the Buëch River (Southern French Prealps), using repetitive airborne LiDAR surveys and UHF active RFID tags (from Brousse et al., 2019); the combination of HR topographic differencing before and after a 5-year flood and bedload tracing successfully allow us to detect the propagation of the artificially induced sediment wave, with a front located at 2.5 km from the dam. [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temporal-evolution-of-surface-areas-through-time-eivkfnjc.png Figure 2. Temporal evolution of surface areas through time based on a series of aerial photographs. (A) Example of the terrestrialization of the natural (dashed line) and artificial (thick line) abandoned channels of the Rhône River – Grange Ecrasée is the only case of expansion right after cut-off and then shrinking (from Dépret et al., 2017). (B) Reconstruction of bed-level evolution of a small alpine gravel-bed stream from the combination of historical aerial photographs (from 1948 to 2010) and a recent airborne LiDAR survey (2010) (modified after Lallias-Tacon et al., 2017); historical aerial photographs have been used to date recent terraces, and airborne LiDAR data to extract elevation differences between dated terraces to reconstruct the floodplain formation history. [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-riparian-genera-map-obtained-from-lidar-data-and-1zxemb3o.png Figure 7. Riparian genera map obtained from LiDAR data and tree morphological patterns (Sélune River, western France). Tree crown morphology and internal structure indicators were computed from the 3D point clouds of two surveys (summer and winter; n = 144 indicators) and the most discriminant indicators were selected using a stepwise quadratic discriminant analysis allowing the number of indicators to be reduced to less than 10 relevant indicators. The selected indicators were used as variables for classification using support vector machine. Overall accuracy ranges from 80% for three genera to 50% for eight genera. With eight genera, the identification remains a challenge, as for one tree crown predicted pixels can be mixed. (From Laslier et al., 2019a.) [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/papers/removal-of-2-4-6-trichlorophenol-from-spiked-clay-soils-by-418vzb9vbk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-soil-3vt2akms.png Table 1. Properties of soil. https://scispace.com/papers/removal-of-ethylene-oxide-from-waste-gases-by-absorption-80r38xz05a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-efficiency-of-scrubber-as-a-function-of-glycol-3fttb2f1.png Figure 7. The efficiency of scrubber as a function of glycol concentration in a circulating liquid. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-ethylene-oxide-eto-16-dcbxvle1.png Table 1. Characteristics of ethylene oxide (EtO) [16] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-pilot-plant-for-removal-of-3u40utvw.png Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the pilot plant for removal of EtO; 1 – ethylene oxide; 2 – evaporator; 3 – water bath; 4 – scrubber 1; 4a – scrubber reservoir; 4b – liquid spray nozzles; 5 – pump; 6 – cooler; 7 – electrical preheater, 9kW in power; 8 – catalytic reactor, 200 mm in diameter and 100 mm in the Pt/Al2O3 catalyst bed hight; 9 – scrubber 2; 10 – ventilator; 11 – scale; TLC1, TLC2 – temperature indicators and controllers; TI1 – temperature indicator; FI1,...,FI6 – flow meters; V1, V5 – regulating valves. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-ranges-of-experimental-conditions-2grdag4u.png Table 2. The ranges of experimental conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-calibration-diagram-temperature-rise-in-the-3avrsp7t.png Figure 2. The calibration diagram: temperature rise in the catalytic reactor as a function of the input concentrations of EtO. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pressure-gradients-as-a-function-of-superficial-gas-2wk0m5p2.png Figure 4. Pressure gradients as a function of superficial gas velocity at different liquid flow rates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-view-of-the-dual-a-and-triple-b-scrubber-1thu3bdj.png Figure 3. Schematic view of the dual (a) and triple (b) scrubber. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-eto-concentration-at-the-outlet-of-scrubber-the-1bsvypxn.png Figure 5. EtO concentration at the outlet of scrubber, the concentration of glycol and the temperature of liquid absorbent as a function of duration of the process (Tk = 16.5 s). https://scispace.com/papers/removal-of-metallic-elements-from-real-wastewater-using-15okiqkfug 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-removal-percentage-of-metallic-elements-from-2wq5jhej.png Fig. 5. Removal percentage of metallic elements from wastewater after 24 h in the 25% inlet/75% outlet (A) and 50% inlet/50% outlet (B) mixtures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-the-pilot-plant-located-at-the-milano-2phih145.png Fig. 1. Structure of the pilot-plant located at the Milano-Nosedo WWTP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-trends-sem-of-metallic-element-removal-during-the-242pngko.png Fig. 3. Mean trends ( SEM) of metallic element removal during the first 4 h (240 min; aluminum, A; chromium, B; iron, C; manganese, D; nickel, E; lead, F; copper, G) with D. polymorpha (blue curve) and without bivalves (red curve) inside the pilot-plant for the 25% inlet/75% outlet mixture. The differences between controls and treated, with the exception of chromium, were statistically significant (two-way ANOVA). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plexiglas1-panels-placed-into-the-pilot-plant-the-m740j61p.png Fig. 2. Plexiglas1 panels placed into the pilot-plant. The yellow line indicates the zig-zag flow pathway of wastewater within the pilot-plant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-trends-sem-of-metallic-element-removal-during-the-1ohsdrbs.png Fig. 4. Mean trends ( SEM) of metallic element removal during the first 4 h (240 min; aluminum, A; chromium, B; iron, C; manganese, D; nickel, E; lead, F; copper, G) with D. polymorpha (blue curve) and without bivalves (red curve) inside the pilot-plant for the 50% inlet/50% outlet mixture. The differences between controls and treated, with the exception of nickel and iron, were statistically significant (two-way ANOVA). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-initial-concentrations-mg-l-of-metallic-elements-2879k3fn.png Table 1 Initial concentrations (mg/L) of metallic elements detected in 25% inlet/75% outlet and 50% inlet/50% outlet mixtures into the pilot-plant at the beginning of the removal tests without and with D. polymorpha. The data related to the initial concentration of COD and total suspended solids into the two considered mixtures are shown in Binelli et al. [21]. https://scispace.com/papers/removal-of-cd-from-contaminated-water-using-bio-surfactant-44bjh05f63 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-images-of-ground-grass-a-without-treatment-b-1kuqhht1.png Fig. 1. SEM images of Ground Grass (A) without treatment (B) treated with HCl at pH 4 (C) treated with NaOH at pH 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ftir-spectrums-of-the-grasses-a-before-and-b-after-1p7u9uer.png Fig. 6. FTIR spectrums of the grasses (A) before and (B) after adsorption at pH 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-ph-and-concentration-on-the-removal-of-the-28kux09i.png Fig. 4. Effect of pH and concentration on the Removal of the Cd++ through 40 mg BSMGG. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-ph-and-concentration-on-the-removal-of-the-2f70lltq.png Fig. 2. Effect of pH and concentration on the Removal of the Cd++ through 20 mg BSMGG. https://scispace.com/papers/removal-of-nitrates-from-spiked-clay-soils-by-coupling-2wycy50duz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-soil-1-3ppuxgzz.png Table 1. Properties of soil. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mass-balances-1-391ecwdy.png Table 3: Mass balances 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-part-a-initial-nitrates-concentration-in-the-soil-1er2prbr.png Figure 5, Part a: Initial nitrates concentration in the soil () and nitrates concentration 2 remaining in each portion of the soil at the end of the treatment. Part b: Difference 3 between punctual and average values of nitrates concentration at the end of the treatment. 4 Tests at 15.0 V (), 25.0 V () and 40.0 V (). 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-part-a-ratios-of-nitrate-removed-in-the-pbr-as-a-2pm0r5vu.png Figure 6. Part a: Ratios of nitrate removed in the PBR as a function of the electric field. 2 Part b: Ratios of nitrate removed in the PBR as a function of the electric power. Exchange 3 PRB (), removal (), exchange PRB/with irreversibility () and removal/with 4 irreversibility (). 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-changes-in-the-conditions-of-the-electrolyte-in-the-2p9hyod5.png Figure 2. Changes in the conditions of the electrolyte in the electrodic wells. Tests at 15.0 2 V (triangles), 25.0 V (diamonds) and 40.0 V (squares). Anodic wells (full symbols) and 3 cathodic wells (empty symbols). Part a: Nitrates concentration. Part b: pH. Part c: 4 Conductivity. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-part-a-ionic-exchange-nitrates-purolite-capacity-194tsqkc.png Figure 7, Part a: Ionic exchange nitrates purolite capacity. Part b: Kinetic data for the 2 ionic exchange of the purolite resin/nitrate system. Theoretical values (empty symbols) 3 and experimental values (full symbols). 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-part-a-moisture-in-the-sampling-points-of-the-soil-msdud99o.png Figure 3, Part a: Moisture in the sampling points of the soil. Initial value (), final 2 values: upper right point (), bottom right point (), bottom left point (), upper left 3 point (). Average value of the sampling points at the same distance of the electrodes at 4 the end of the test (―). Part b: Difference between punctual and average moisture values 5 at the end of the test, upper right point (), bottom right (), bottom left point (), upper 6 left point (). Difference between maximum and minimum values (―). 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-part-a-lab-scale-set-up-scheme-part-b-final-3g9ejw75.png Figure 1, Part a: Lab scale set-up scheme. Part b: Final sampling points guideline. 2 https://scispace.com/papers/removal-of-micropollutants-from-urban-wastewater-using-a-23xyw6epef 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-compounds-in-the-study-1zpnzpdn.png Table 1. List of compounds in the study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-operation-conditions-of-the-combined-uasb-mbr-plant-b4jivqoa.png Table 2 Operation conditions of the combined UASB-MBR plant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overall-removals-of-mps-in-the-uasb-reactor-left-44k5qout.png Figure 3 Overall removals of MPs in the UASB reactor (left) and combined UASB-MBR pilot plant (right) at high, medium and low Organic Loading Rates (stages 2 to 4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cod-removal-efficiencies-of-the-mbr-uasb-and-yyedf6uw.png Figure 2 COD removal efficiencies of the MBR, UASB and combined UASB-MBR reactors at different OLRs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-image-of-combined-uasb-mbr-lab-scale-plant-top-left-3oco3chl.png Figure 1. Image of combined UASB-MBR lab-scale plant (top left). Measurement of biogas composition (bottom left). Schematic of combined UASB-MBR system (right). https://scispace.com/papers/renal-calyceal-anatomy-characterization-with-3-dimensional-zaa6g3oo4q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-coronal-mip-l-left-r-right-1512xt3g.png Figure 4. Coronal MIP. L, left. R, right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-renal-collecting-system-segmentation-1xr6phvd.png Figure 1. Renal collecting system segmentation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-surface-rendering-shows-renal-collecting-system-and-lpb9evw6.png Figure 2. Surface rendering shows renal collecting system and bony anatomy. L, left. R, right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-to-c-selection-of-calyx-2-2-as-proposed-target-3tx4qvy1.png Figure 5. a to c, selection of calyx 2 (2) as proposed target (arrow PNL. 3, calyx 3. 1, calyx 1. L, left. R, right. A, anterior. P, poster https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-and-b-3d-surface-renderings-show-primary-plane-2ij4chf6.png Figure 3. a and b, 3D surface renderings show primary plane det group with ML primary plane (dotted line). Yellow box indicat lateral. M, medial. A, anterior. P, posterior. https://scispace.com/papers/removed-in-vitro-corrosion-resistance-and-in-vivo-2e3e1u3yvf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hystology-sections-of-osseous-tissue-at-a-b-14-and-285xfcol.png Figure 5. Hystology sections of osseous tissue at (A,B) 14 and (C,D) 28 days implantation in a rat from G1 group (with Ti-20Mo-7Zr-5Ta alloy implant). (A) Bone necrosis (HE stain, ×60); (B) peripheral ongoing repairing process (PAS stain, ×100); (C) osteoid tissue surrounded by a fibrous background (PAS stain, ×200); (D) osteocyte lacunae (with bigger staining affinity) in the remodeled area (PAS stain, ×900). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-hystology-sections-of-osseous-tissue-at-a-b-14-and-3tauflka.png Figure 6. Hystology sections of osseous tissue at (A,B) 14 and (C,D) 28 days implantation in a rat from G2 group (with Ti-20Mo-7Zr-15Ta alloy implant). (A) Bony necrotic area (dark violet) surrounded by numerous macrophages with brown phagocytized wear pigments (HE stain, ×900); (B) fibrous connective tissue, with mono- and polymorphonuclear inflammatory infiltrate (HE stain, ×400); (C) newly bone tissue with a rocklike roughened surface (HE stain, ×400); D) mini-remodelation of the new osseous matrix (HE stain, ×900). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-electrochemical-parameters-extracted-from-impedance-20ss1usy.png Table 4. Electrochemical parameters extracted from impedance spectra through modelling experimental data for quaternary TiMoZrTa alloys in acidified simulated physiological solution after different immersion times to the equivalent circuit containing two time constants shown in Figure 9. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-compositions-wt-and-molybdenum-equivalent-3w3tvz6v.png Table 1. Chemical compositions (wt.%) and “molybdenum equivalent” [Moeq] [64] of the quaternary TiMoZrTa alloys. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-and-standard-deviation-values-of-main-b7tea8bn.png Table 2. Mean and standard deviation values of main electrochemical parameters determined from potentiodynamic polarization curves for quaternary TiMoZrTa alloys after 7 days immersion in acidified simulated physiological solution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-biochemical-markers-determined-from-the-blood-serum-3v0rwujd.png Table 3. Biochemical markers determined from the blood serum in rats without and with bone (tibiae) implant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-main-surgical-stages-followed-for-the-tibiae-zygvrgsh.png Figure 1. Main surgical stages followed for the tibiae implantation in Sprague–Dawley rats. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-c-e-nyquist-and-b-d-f-bode-plots-for-the-2mzuuz40.png Figure 2. (A,C,E) Nyquist and (B,D,F) Bode plots for the quaternary TiMoZrTa alloys immersed in aerated acidified simulated physiological solution at 37 oC for different immersion times. The solid lines and the discrete points correspond to the fitted and the measured data, respectively. (A,B) Ti-20Mo-7Zr-5Ta, (C,D) Ti-20Mo-7Zr-10Ta, and (E,F) Ti-20Mo-7Zr-15Ta. https://scispace.com/papers/removal-of-impurities-from-uranium-hexafluoride-by-selective-4pshkwna1k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-1fwxphc9.png TABLE V https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-29n4gsyw.png TABLE IX https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-3i38lrta.png TABLE VIII https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-vx968px5.png TABLE II https://scispace.com/figures/table-xi-3m4c2vs7.png TABLE XI https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-3oa2cvnd.png TABLE III https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-11fwiifq.png TABLE X https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-1ex1tkld.png TABLE VI https://scispace.com/papers/removing-nonstationary-nonharmonic-external-interference-40zmi0nj7n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-zoom-of-the-spectrogram-of-the-prototype-data-the-d-32okz1mv.png FIG. 1. Zoom of the spectrogram of the prototype data. The d areas correspond to the periods in which the detector is out of l The line near 450 Hz corresponds to the ninth harmonic of external electricity supply. The weaker line near 443 Hz is o example of the many lines present in the spectrum that hav similar time-frequency evolution to that of the harmonics of 50 H The frequency drift is due to the wandering of the incoming el tricity frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-detail-of-the-decimal-logarithm-of-the-periodogram-t-zeh90yd3.png FIG. 2. Detail of the decimal logarithm of the periodogram. T solid line corresponds to 128 blocks of the prototype data show the line near 99.7 Hz. The dashed line is the result after trying remove that line using the beat model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-values-ofq-obtained-from-the-approximate-matche-2xcyutxj.png TABLE I. Values ofq obtained from the approximate matche filter with a SNR larger than 4.5, without including the harmonic https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-the-same-experimental-data-as-in-fig-3-with-2j7zmfbk.png FIG. 4. ~a! The same experimental data as in Fig. 3 with artificial signal added at 238.9 Hz.~b! The data in~a! after removing the interference, revealing that single line signals can be re ered. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-a-zoom-of-the-spectrogram-a-is-obtained-29kez58u.png FIG. 5. Comparison of a zoom of the spectrogram.~a! is obtained from the prototype data. We see two anomalous lines 114 and 116 Hz.~b! The same spectrogram as in~a! after removing the interference using variable values ofq. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-decimal-logarithm-of-the-periodogram-of-219-points-128-11qxfsga.png FIG. 3. Decimal logarithm of the periodogram of 219 points ~128 blocks! of the prototype data. ~Left! details of the lines near 99.5, 100.5, 239 and 445 Hz ~Right! the same data after remov ing the electrical interference a described in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/renal-failure-in-children-with-hepatic-failure-undergoing-31sqhwkf3o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-selected-clinical-features-in-133-children-1h640r4a.png Table I. Selected clinical features in 133 children undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-frequency-of-renal-failure-in-children-referred-for-28z47g8s.png Table II. Frequency of renal failure in children referred for liver transplantation https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-effect-of-renal-failure-and-of-dialysis-on-survival-ej0hi6ss.png Table IV. Effect of renal failure and of dialysis on survival in children undergoing liver transplantation https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-clinical-and-corresponding-nephropathologic-33x32d4c.png Table III. Clinical and corresponding nephropathologic diagnoses in 19 children with renal failure after liver transplantation https://scispace.com/papers/renal-replacement-therapy-in-the-critically-ill-child-4f25elw8b2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-univariate-and-multivariate-logistic-regression-of-1rexqkwo.png Table 4: Univariate and multivariate logistic regression of in-unit mortality risk for those receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (continuous RRT) at any point during their PICU stay (n=3,825) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ni-characteristics-of-patients-who-received-crrt-2r6mjbzg.png Table 2 に Characteristics of patients who received ╆CRRT╆ https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ni-characteristics-of-patients-who-received-12xfp7mi.png Table 3 に Characteristics of patients who received peritoneal dialysis https://scispace.com/papers/renew-a-semi-supervised-framework-for-generating-domain-4vjc1vs0eb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-among-the-learners-2tykubyd.png Figure 8: Comparison among the learners. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-a-list-of-transition-types-used-in-renew-3rmyphh0.png Table 3: A list of transition types used in ReNew. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-segments-in-a-tripadvisor-review-2284qcd6.png Figure 1: Segments in a Tripadvisor review. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-accuracy-using-different-features-2mfeq5as.png Figure 7: Accuracy using different features. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-lexicon-generator-module-3lct0cdy.png Figure 4: Lexicon generator module. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-renew-framework-schematically-31w2dqie.png Figure 2: The ReNew framework schematically. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sentiment-labeling-2jea00i0.png Figure 3: Sentiment labeling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-micro-f-score-with-different-lexicons-ugd4ndgs.png Figure 11: Micro F-score with different lexicons. https://scispace.com/papers/renewable-energy-consumption-and-agriculture-evidence-for-35fnjwveay 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plo-2fj8glrr.png Figure 1. Plo https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-granger-causality-tests-209yj10j.png Table 3. Granger causality tests https://scispace.com/papers/renewable-energy-oil-prices-and-economic-activity-a-granger-622a6thjpw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-johansen-linear-cointegration-test-m6aq8hgn.png Table 4. Johansen Linear Cointegration Test https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-quantile-autoregression-unit-root-analysis-3mfxfmu1.png Table 3. Quantile Autoregression Unit Root Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-quantile-cointegration-test-3vx8klrb.png Table 5. Quantile Cointegration Test https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-granger-causality-to-ipit-subsampling-p-values-3mqjapl2.png Table 8. Granger-causality to ∆IPIt: Subsampling p-values https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-quantile-cointegration-model-estimated-coefficients-20vh3jcm.png Table 6. Quantile Cointegration Model: Estimated Coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-and-pairwise-correlations-8r3bp4ya.png Table 1. Summary Statistics and Pairwise Correlations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-traditional-unit-root-analysis-uyp8qt83.png Table 2. Traditional Unit Root Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-quantile-regression-estimated-coefficients-lhgk2jp6.png Table 10. Quantile Regression Estimated Coefficients https://scispace.com/papers/rendements-de-la-peche-sardiniere-sardina-pilchardus-et-1j1cqfay8a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-climatologie-pour-les-mois-de-juin-a-septembre-au-qaickb0n.png Figure 4. - Climatologie pour les mois de juin à septembre au sémaphore du Talut (d'après Ascencio er al. 1987). Moyenne de fréquence des vents pour la période 1951 à 1980. ' https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-relations-entre-les-pue-et-l-indice-venmar-vent-et-27iwd9ij.png Figure 8. - Relations entre les PUE et l' indice« VENMAR » (vent et marée). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ca-rtes-de-circulations-residuelles-de-maree-et-2j13pwvc.png Figure 2. - Ca rtes de circulations résiduelles de marée et vent (d'après Serpette. 1989). Simulation pour un ven t de 10 m. s- •. Seuil de trace des Oèches = 1 cm. s - 1; (a) vent de sudouest , (b) vent de nord-est, (c) vent de nord-ouest. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relations-entre-les-pue-et-la-composante-ouest-sud-m43slaxc.png Figure 6. - Relations entre les PUE et la composante ouest-sud-ouest du vent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-relations-entre-les-pue-au-croisic-et-un-vent-de-2ce1947e.png Figure 7. - Relations entre les PUE au Croisic et un vent de secteur nord-est (sémaphore du Talut , Belle-Ile). https://scispace.com/papers/renewable-energy-powered-desalination-in-baja-california-sur-3ryop9dd39 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-baja-california-sur-in-mexico-source-adapted-from-3-2ndhpwcf.png Figure 1. Baja California Sur in Mexico. Source: adapted from [3] https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-past-efforts-in-solar-desalination-in-bcs-31evi0g8.png Table 4. Past efforts in solar desalination in BCS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-photograph-of-the-solar-distillation-plant-in-258bs1tf.png Figure 3. Left: photograph of the solar distillation plant in La Paz [24]. Right: schematic of the plant systems [25] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-solar-stills-in-punta-eugenia-source-34-1f3ysp5h.png Figure 4. Solar stills in Punta Eugenia. Source: [34] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-electricity-generation-in-bcs-source-1-r56dzxy4.png Table 1. Electricity generation in BCS. Source: [1] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-canal-solar-still-at-cibnor-right-canal-solar-10vf9p07.png Figure 5. Left: Canal solar still at CIBNOR. Right: Canal solar stills in Puerto Chale. Source: [24] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-access-to-electricity-and-water-source-8-1gjbg050.png Table 2. Access to electricity and water. Source: [8] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bcss-electricity-transmission-grid-source-9-226febtk.png Figure 2. BCS’s electricity transmission grid. Source:[9] https://scispace.com/papers/renewable-pine-cone-biomass-derived-carbon-materials-for-2ot0v0esex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-b-sem-and-c-d-tem-micrographs-of-apc-showing-low-1mmosd02.png Figure 1 (a-b) SEM and (c-d) TEM micrographs of APC showing low and high magnification respectively https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-electrochemical-performances-tests-for-the-apc-in-1-1o2mesbi.png Figure 7 Electrochemical performances tests for the APC in 1 M Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte: (a) CV curves at different scan rates, (b) CD curves at different current densities, (c) dependence of specific capacitance on current density, (d) Ragone plot (e) Coulombic efficiency and gravimetric capacitance vs. cycle number and (f) 100 h voltage holding vs. capacitance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-raman-spectroscopy-showing-prominent-d-and-g-258cz4rp.png Figure 4 (a) Raman spectroscopy showing prominent D and G peaks and (b) FTIR spectra of raw, hydrothermal treated pine and the carbonized pine cone powder. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-xps-spectra-of-c-1s-o-1s-and-n-1s-regions-for-apc-15r2qn27.png Figure 3 XPS spectra of C 1s, O 1s and N 1s regions for APC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-cyclic-voltammogram-at-20-mv-s-1-and-b-jukjq9jg.png Figure 6 (a) Cyclic voltammogram at 20 mV s-1 and (b) galvanostatic charge-discharge at profiles of the APC at 0.5 A g-1 at different voltage ranges respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-n2-adsorption-desorption-isotherms-of-apc-material-2yjzjfak.png Figure 2 N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms of APC material, Inset show pore size distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-and-b-nyquist-plots-for-the-apc-based-cell-in-1-m-1zgdguof.png Figure 8 (a) and (b) Nyquist plots for the APC based cell in 1 M Na2SO4 with magnifications of the high to mid frequency region shown in the inset and fitted with equivalent circuit shown in the inset respectively, (c) the real and imaginary part of the cell gravimetric capacitance vs. frequency (black and blue curves) (d) Bode plot for the phase angle vs. frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cvs-in-a-three-electrode-setup-for-the-apc-at-20-mv-1fbpt02t.png Figure 5 CVs in a three electrode setup for the APC at 20 mV s-1 in 1 M Na2SO4 within negative and positive potential windows. The vertical lines represent the oxidation and reduction thermodynamic potential of water. https://scispace.com/papers/renormalization-group-improved-computation-of-correlation-2q1dvwr8zs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phase-diagram-in-the-three-dimensional-case-one-can-3h1mu271.png FIG. 1. Phase diagram in the three dimensional case. One can see the Gaussian and Wilson–Fisher fixed points and the trajectory connecting them, along which we integrate the flow of the structure function FkðxÞ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-plot-represents-different-behaviors-of-the-tqlq05jo.png FIG. 3. The plot represents different behaviors of the structure function ΔFIIðX; 1= ffiffiffiffiffi12p π2; m2RÞ computed, starting from below, for m2R ¼ 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 and 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-dashed-curve-is-the-standard-perturbative-result-314isvnq.png FIG. 2. The dashed curve is the standard perturbative result ΔF1LðX; λR; 0Þ in the massless limit, the dotted curve represents the improved structure function ΔFIðX; λR=8π2Þ in the mk ¼ 0 case and the solid curve represents the full improved structure function ΔFIIðX; λR=8π2; 0Þ. All the three structure functions are evaluated for λR ¼ 4= ffiffiffi 3 https://scispace.com/papers/renormalization-analysis-of-correlation-properties-in-a-2432ascy7c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-period-6-orbit-of-the-recurrence-1-1-left-column-z0-2oniwcnp.png Figure 2: Period-6 orbit of the recurrence (1.1). Left column Z0, Z1, Z2 reading downwards, right column Z3, Z4, Z5 reading downwards. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-period-2-orbit-of-the-recurrence-2-2-1fogso02.png Figure 4: Period-2 orbit of the recurrence (2.2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-autocorrelation-function-kpy-for-modulation-fot3qqsu.png Figure 1: Autocorrelation function KPy for modulation function (1.29) and κ = π/2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-function-f-3i1qkjf2.png Figure 3: The function F . https://scispace.com/papers/renormalization-of-the-fragmentation-equation-exact-self-1gd1h17jnz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-choice-of-positive-solution-2k4mleka.png TABLE I. Choice of positive solution. https://scispace.com/papers/rent-deregulation-tenure-choice-and-real-estate-price-3emyz4nca6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-apartment-price-index-from-the-czech-statistical-mxce1x3s.png Figure 1: Apartment Price Index from the Czech Statistical Office (equals 100 in 2003) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-rents-3fe650tk.png Table 4: Rents https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-for-owners-2p3v8itf.png Table 3: Summary Statistics for Owners https://scispace.com/papers/reopening-openness-to-experience-a-network-analysis-of-four-1hcnq7ldek 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-networks-depict-the-item-coverage-based-on-the-30ha3h11.png Figure 2. The networks depict the item coverage based on the network-identified facets of each Openness to Experience inventory. Colored nodes represent items in the respective inventory and network-identified facet and white nodes indicate items of other inventories. For full view of each inventory see supplementary materials. BFAS = Big Five Aspects Scales; NEO Personality Inventory–3 (NEO PI–3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rasch-reliabilities-rr-and-correlations-of-the-ctslyiow.png Table 3. Rasch reliabilities (Rr) and correlations of the network-identified Openness to Experience facets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-network-of-openness-to-experience-depicted-with-2lyrneo5.png Figure 1. The network of Openness to Experience depicted with all items. The shape of the node indicates the inventory (square = Big Five Aspects Scales [BFAS]; diamond = HEXACO; circle = NEO; triangle = Woo et al.), the color portrays the network-identified facet, and the label represents the inventory-defined facet and the item number of the inventory-defined facet. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-labels-and-descriptions-of-the-network-identified-1jeeosgi.png Table 2. Labels and descriptions of the network-identified facets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptions-and-rasch-reliabilities-rr-of-each-pld0w8d8.png Table 1. Descriptions and Rasch reliabilities (Rr) of each facet from each Openness to Experience inventory. https://scispace.com/papers/reorganization-of-brain-function-after-a-short-term-2b62xw9fs9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-speech-fluency-information-in-all-participants-2sw0jnxl.png Table 1 Speech fluency information in all participants. https://scispace.com/papers/reorganization-of-surviving-mammal-communities-after-the-end-2urks6bo7s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-proportion-and-mean-weight-of-aggregations-and-2i9u52nm.png Fig. 3. Proportion and mean weight of aggregations and segregations. (A to L) Proportion [(A) to (F)] and mean weight [(G) to (L)] of aggregations and segregations for abiotic components [(A), (B), (G), and (H)], biotic components [(C), (D), (I), and (J)], and full associations [(E), (F), (K), and (L)] in each subsample (n = 1000). Associations with weight of 0 are excluded. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-magnitude-of-biotic-and-abiotic-associations-33z6ondm.png Fig. 4. Average magnitude of biotic and abiotic associations. Absolute values of association weights, broadly representing the relative importance of biotic (A) and abiotic (B) components for overall community assembly patterns, are shown. Box plots represent the variation among subsamples (n = 1000). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-increases-in-niche-overlap-a-to-f-climatic-a-and-b-and-1tli2dzf.png Fig. 2. Increases in niche overlap. (A to F) Climatic [(A) and (B)] and geographic (C) envelopes of species are compared to pooled climate envelopes (A) and background envelopes [(B) and (C)] in each time interval. In (A), larger ratios correspond with larger niches because niche space expands, as illustrated by oval sizes in (D); in (B) and (C), larger ratios result from proportionately higher fill that causes increased niche overlap [(E) and (F)]. In (A) to (C), each shaded distribution sums to an area of 1; circles are means. In (D) to (F), shared polygons represent hypothetical species niches. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-survivor-occupancy-across-time-intervals-25yv51f6.png Fig. 1. Comparison of survivor occupancy across time intervals. (A) End-Pleistocene to Holocene (N = 44). (B) Holocene to Recent (N = 45). Points are species. The line of unity is shown. https://scispace.com/papers/reorganization-energy-and-polaronic-effects-of-pentacene-on-m0dunjqebk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-displacements-of-na-cl-ions-and-c-atoms-upon-3eh0kugz.png FIG. 7. Displacements of Na+, Cl− ions, and C atoms upon adsorption of pentacene; only the first two top layers out of four are displayed. Atomic displacements are shown for (a) the molecular and top surface layer in the x − y plane, and red-boxed areas across (b) x − z plane and (c) y − z plane. The displacement is given as a percentage with respect to the bulk interlayer distance, dbulk, of the NaCl crystal. The displacement arrows are scaled by a factor of 50 in panel (a) and a factor of 100 in panels (b) and (c). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-adsorption-energies-eads-and-distances-dopt-3snfdz5l.png TABLE III. Adsorption energies, Eads, and distances, dopt, estimated experimentally and calculated with different functionals and vdW dispersion schemes. For computational details, in particular, with respect to geometry optimization, see main text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-variation-of-the-total-energy-of-a-12-layer-nacl-001-7dhsqcuk.png FIG. 16. Variation of the total energy of a 12-layer NaCl(001) slab with respect to vacuum layer thickness. The energies are normalized to the reference energy, Eref = −204072.096449004 eV, corresponding to the total energy for 30 Å vacuum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-band-structure-and-dos-of-bulk-nacl-obtained-using-3lfjf4of.png FIG. 15. Band structure and DoS of bulk NaCl obtained using the PBE functional. The band gap at the point is denoted by EG. The red horizontal line corresponds to the reference energy within the band gap. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-a-scanning-probe-setup-for-2mho6nu6.png FIG. 1. Schematic representation of a scanning-probe setup for single-electron transfer between a metallic tip and a pentacene molecule adsorbed on a NaCl film (violet: Na+, green: Cl−). Singleelectron transfer between the tip and the molecule are indicated with black arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-illustration-of-the-four-different-charge-1v46g5of.png FIG. 2. Schematic illustration of the four different charge compensation methods for periodic surfaces with excess charge used in this work. (a) Jellium model, here the transparent box represents the homogeneously charged background. From (b) and (d), the supercell cell countercharges are depicted by red spheres arranged as used (b) for CREST, (c) for the point charge, and (d) for the shaped image charge. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-schematics-analogous-to-fig-7-after-charging-pentacene-2qnsxefk.png FIG. 8. Schematics analogous to Fig. 7 after charging pentacene with one electron; also the countercharges (red discs) are indicated. Atomic displacements are obtained from the difference between the charged geometry, geo−1 to the neutral geometry, geo0 and given as a percentage of the interlayer distance, dbulk, of the NaCl bulk crystal. The displacements are shown for (a) the molecular and top surface layer in the x − y plane, and red-boxed areas across (b) x − z plane and (c) y − z plane. The displacement arrows are scaled by a factor of 120 in panel (a) and a factor of 60 in panels (b) and (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-highest-occupied-homo-4-50-ev-and-lowest-unoccupied-1l0q8cw3.png FIG. 9. (a) Highest occupied (HOMO, −4.50 eV) and lowest unoccupied (LUMO, −3.35 eV) molecular orbital of the isolated pentacene molecule and (b) corresponding density of states (DoS, blue solid curve). Also shown is the DoS of the 4-layer NaCl slab (orange dashed curve) and of pentacene adsorbed on NaCl (green dotted curve) in the NaCl band gap region. For each DoS curve, the energy is referred to the Fermi energy defined as (ELUMO + EHOMO)/2 (and equal to −3.92 eV for neutral pentacene, −4.51 eV for NaCl and −4.70 eV for pentacene-NaCl). The DoS peaks were broadened using Gaussians with broadening of 0.1 eV. (c) HOMO (−5.29 eV) and LUMO (−4.11 eV) of adsorbed pentacene molecule on NaCl. https://scispace.com/papers/reorientation-of-magnetic-anisotropy-in-obliquely-sputtered-38vwm7ntd3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-0-530-5mm2-afm-picture-of-a-very-thin-film-13-nm-e3u8229r.png FIG. 4. 0.530.5mm2 AFM picture of a very thin film~13 nm! showing a structure with nuclei at the first stage of growth. T nuclei exhibit an elongated shape parallel to the transverse d tion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulated-trajectories-of-atoms-in-oblique-incident-be-3ix1pbyi.png FIG. 5. Simulated trajectories of atoms in oblique incident be ~70°! with energy of 3 eV. The substrate surface consists of fcc with a monolayer island on the top. The relative flux on the top the island shows the steering effect with high deposition rate at front of the island. https://scispace.com/papers/repair-of-abdominal-wall-defects-with-acellular-bovine-56cazgqgx7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-intraoperative-view-of-a-suprafascial-membrane-3pzftoct.png FIGURE 1 – Intraoperative view of a suprafascial membrane fixation to the subcutaneous of the abdominal https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-abdominal-wall-electromagnetic-resonance-images-1a2b6l0b.png FIGURE 5 - Abdominal wall Electromagnetic Resonance images, post repair with acellular pericardium matrix, in different postoperative periods. In A, 9 months post-bariatric abdominoplasty; in B, 11 months after repair by resection of infra-umbilical wall endometrioma; in C and D, at 17 and 26 months after incisional hernia repair. In all cases the membranes were fixed in a suprafascial position and the slices correspond to the implantation areas. In A, C and D, normal abdominal wall anatomy is observed, with absence of diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscles (red arrows), seromas, herniations or other changes. In B, C and D, the subcutaneous / aponeurosis interface is clearly observed, presenting a normal aspect, and it is not possible to identify the presence of the implanted membranes. (SC - SUBCUTANEOUS; RAM - RECTUS ABDOMINIS MUSCLE) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-partial-list-of-the-main-acellular-matrices-from-35iwv2op.png Table 1. Partial list of the main acellular matrices from human and animal origin. All of these products are approved and available around the world market for their different applications, with hundreds of scientific publications, demonstrating the evolution and growing importance of the therapeutic application of bioprostheses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-abdominal-wall-ultrasound-images-post-repair-with-hxsqo9ji.png FIGURE 4 - Abdominal wall Ultrasound images , post repair with acellular pericardium matrix, in different postoperative periods. Images in A, at 15 days after inguinal herniorrhaphy and B, at 30 days after incisional herniorrhaphy, showing small isolated seromas, without clinical repercussion or need for drainage. In C and D, images at 45 and 150 days showing normal appearance after incisional hernias repair, with no recurrence or anatomical changes. The arrows identify the subcutaneous interface / muscle aponeurosis, with a usual anatomical aspect. In any case the technique allows visualization of the implanted membranes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-on-the-left-in-a-and-c-final-aspect-of-abdominal-2vktl9ot.png FIGURE 3 - On the left, in A and C, final aspect of abdominal wall repairs associated with acellular bovine pericardium, sutured in a suprafascial position after muscle plication. On the right, the intraoperative aspect of surgical revision in the same previously repaired site, in B in patient 1 at 22 months and in D in patient 2 at 23 months postoperatively. In both reviews there was a normal cicatricial aspect at the previously implanted area, with the absence of foreign body reaction or granulomas, with no visual evidence of residual membrane. Tissue samples for histological analysis were taken in the areas corresponding to the location of the previous implant (black arrows in B and removing the sample with scissors in D). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-repaired-abdominal-wall-deformities-with-bovine-3dtrt4fb.png Table 2. Repaired abdominal wall deformities with bovine pericardium acellular matrices, with a total of 30 patients and 40 anatomically individualized implants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-inguinal-hernia-repair-on-the-left-view-of-the-387o3asi.png FIGURE 2. A- Inguinal hernia repair on the left. View of the membrane fixed in the inguinal canal, below the muscular fascia (black arrows) that will be sutured, with the implant in a subfascial position. B - Implant of acellular membrane in suprafascial position, directly sutured over the muscular fascia after primary muscle plication. C - Intraoperative aspect of an incisional hernia with a large defect (about 10 cm in diameter), impossible a direct closure of the muscular layers. D - Correction of the defect with bridged implant, fixing the membrane under tension externally at the edges of the defect, directly covering the peritoneum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-histological-sections-from-areas-corresponding-to-2k8uw8it.png FIGURE 6 - Histological sections from areas corresponding to suprafascial abdominal implants , in the postoperative periods of: A and B, 13 months; C, 22 months and D, 23 months. In all periods normal-looking cellularized tissue is observed, replacing the implanted matrices, without significant inflammatory activity or foreign body-type reactive granulomas. In B, there is a marked deposition of collagen in the degraded areas of the extracellular matrix (blue arrows). In all samples, fragments of decellularized tissue from the implanted membrane are still observed (black arrows), in greater quantity at 13 months postoperatively. Hematoxylin-Eosin staining in A, C and D. Picrosirius Red staining in B. Increase 40xx in A, B and C; Increase 100xx in D. https://scispace.com/papers/repair-of-defective-composite-restorations-a-questionnaire-38qk5vlyco 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sbs-test-results-36d6uml6.png Table 2. SBS test results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-plot-of-the-results-of-the-sbs-tests-of-1jkoy4pv.png Fig. 1. Distribution plot of the results of the SBS tests of composite in a vertical set up for https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-which-restorative-materials-do-you-use-when-1jfr9r1v.png Table 1. Which restorative materials do you use when restoring a MOD-cavity due to primary caries confined to the outer half of dentin (%)? The question is related to premolars and molars in adult patients. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-case-three-what-treatment-would-you-suggest-for-this-18b0epq3.png Fig. 3. Case three. What treatment would you suggest for this upper left first https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-materials-used-2dheznjt.png Table 1. Which restorative materials do you use when restoring a MOD-cavity due to primary caries confined to the outer half of dentin (%)? The question is related to premolars and molars in adult patients. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relate-to-the-following-statements-regarding-1lgwqllz.png Table 4. Relate to the following statements regarding composite restorations (%). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-what-is-in-your-opinion-the-cause-when-class-ii-srdxpqwg.png Table 2. SBS test results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-to-which-extent-do-you-think-the-following-factors-k51ou5ve.png Table 3. To which extent do you think the following factors have significance for the longevity of a Class II composite restoration (%)? https://scispace.com/papers/repairing-socially-aggregated-ontologies-using-axiom-4sy8ns17aj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-ontology-fm-o-11ezgq18.png Fig. 3. The ontology Fm(O). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-voting-scenario-2212qkvd.png Table 1. A voting scenario https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-reference-ontology-1kgd4xhb.png Fig. 2. A reference ontology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-tbox-agenda-of-the-agents-w8k38b7q.png Fig. 1. The TBox agenda of the agents. https://scispace.com/papers/repairing-conceptual-relations-in-ontologies-by-means-of-an-872h47j5k5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-resizing-left-and-translation-right-2uewsbvq.png Fig. 5. Resizing (left) and translation (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-repairing-workflow-kxmrdwpg.png Fig. 2. Repairing Workflow https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-axioms-of-rcc-right-and-rcc8-spatial-relations-left-ixgy9r7x.png Fig. 1. Axioms of RCC (right) and RCC8 spatial relations (left) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-updating-ontology-source-38y1pchl.png Fig. 6. Updating ontology source https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-initial-graphical-representation-2jrxgsfp.png Fig. 4. Initial graphical representation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-classes-hierarchy-view-in-protege-and-classes-2pw06257.png Fig. 3. Classes hierarchy view in Protégé and classes selection https://scispace.com/papers/repairsig-deconvolution-of-dna-damage-and-repair-gbzn8yhwqg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-similarities-of-inferred-signatures-clustering-of-3tj32gu7.png Fig. 3. Similarities of inferred signatures. Clustering of RePrint of COSMIC mutational signatures, three signatures from knockout experiments of DNA repair genes: MSH6, FANCC, and EXO1, and signatures inferred by RepairSig across five cancer types. The signatures known to be related to MMR deficiency are marked by red squares below the heat map. Green squares mark signatures associated with HRD. Black boxes depict groups of highly similar RePrints of signatures related to the same process, as labeled. RMSE scale legend for signature RePrints is shown on the left. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-results-of-repairsig-in-brca-a-b-the-mutational-1g1q9qlq.png Fig. 2. Results of RepairSig in BRCA. (A,B) The mutational signatures inferred by RepairSig from cancer sequencing data divided into genomic regions based on transcriptional strand orientation (A) and replication timing domains (B). The closest known signature and its cosine similarity are shown for each RepairSig signature. (C) Transcriptional strand bias, i.e. an asymmetry in the number of mutations found on transcribed and nontranscribed strands, for the transcription-based RepairSig signatures. (D,E) Local regional activity distribution of the replication-based RepairSig signatures (D) and Signatures 2, 13, and 3 (E) over replication time domains modeled by RepairSig. https://scispace.com/papers/reparer-recoudre-restaurer-des-collectivites-locales-en-304zothv79 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-liste-des-entretiens-effectues-au-pays-basque-37rqadwt.png Figure 2 : Liste des entretiens effectués au Pays Basque https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-liste-des-entretiens-effectues-en-savoie-1iebcpjt.png Figure 1 : Liste des entretiens effectués en Savoie https://scispace.com/papers/repeat-computed-tomography-head-scan-is-not-indicated-in-1gan2lazgt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-incidence-of-delayed-intracranial-hemorrhage-ich-d-3eraq9dg.png Figure 1. Incidence of delayed intracranial hemorrhage (ICH-d) for trauma patients suspected of having traumatic brain injury with a negative initial computed tomography head (CTH). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-stratification-of-head-ais-and-odds-of-developing-2pj2x6sd.png Table 5. Stratification of Head AIS and Odds of Developing Delayed Intracranial Hemorrhage: Patients with a Repeat CTH https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-incidence-of-delayed-intracranial-hemorrhage-ich-d-1q1yttzd.png Figure 1. Incidence of delayed intracranial hemorrhage (ICH-d) for trauma patients suspected of having traumatic brain injury with a negative initial computed tomography head (CTH). https://scispace.com/papers/repeated-evolution-of-asymmetric-genitalia-and-right-sided-2lt0ew7kyl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-test-for-one-sided-mating-positions-fit-glm-angle-1z8u45r5.png Table 2 Test for one-sided mating positions. Fit: GLM (angle ~ species), family = “gaussian”, hypothesis: angle = 0, Bonferroni corrected p-values https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-d-nannoptera-frontal-mating-angles-10y775yg.png Table 3 D. nannoptera frontal mating angles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-aedeagus-of-male-drosophila-pachea-is-asymmetric-2c0h8wgu.png Fig. 1 The aedeagus of male Drosophila pachea is asymmetric. SEM images of a single phallus in lateral-dorsal and dorsal-apical view. Note the asymmetric position of two subapical spurs, located on the ventral side of the aedeagus, and the asymmetric position of the gonopore. The white arrows point to the gonopore. The scale bar is equivalent to 100 μm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-see-legend-on-next-page-b2nza1ph.png Fig. 2 (See legend on next page.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-courtship-and-copulation-duration-2mk7lkyo.png Table 1 Courtship and copulation duration https://scispace.com/papers/repeptization-by-dissolution-in-a-colloidal-system-of-iron-2sx8kxamns 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dynamic-light-scattering-zeta-potential-and-1h8tymtz.png Table 1. Dynamic Light Scattering, Zeta Potential, and Conductivity Results of the High Salt Systems with Multivalent Ions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-growth-of-the-cluster-size-over-time-for-the-nacl-2siurncg.png Figure 4. Growth of the cluster size over time for the NaCl repeptization experiment measured by dynamic light scattering (a). The dispersion without any added salt shows similar growth as before (light ◊). The dispersion with an additional 2 M NaCl could not be accurately analyzed due to the macroscopic size of the particles but is indicated for reference (dark ◊). Dialysis (three days) performed immediately (○), 19 days (▽), and 35 days (□) after preparation, red arrows indicate dialysis steps. Symbols correspond to those in Figure 3. Cryo-TEM analysis of the low salt system dialyzed for three days immediately after dialysis (b) shows no difference with previous images, two individual 5 nm are indicated with circles. After six days of dialysis, the 5 nm particles are absent (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-preparation-scheme-the-freshly-prepared-dispersion-1uy14wh3.png Figure 3. Preparation scheme. The freshly prepared dispersion of iron pyrophosphate (left) is divided into two portions: one is left unchanged (top row, low salt); one is adjusted to 2 M (bottom row, high salt). Both are aged and dialyzed at three intervals. The addition of 2 M salt causes immediate sedimentation. Symbols correspond to those in Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-three-steps-in-the-preparation-and-aging-of-the-3ep8v1h9.png Figure 2. Three steps in the preparation and aging of the system: FePPi forms nanoparticles upon precipitation (a) that immediately form into finite-sized clusters (b). Eventually, these clusters will aggregate macroscopically (c). As FePPi is prepared from ionic precursor materials, the ionic strength at the start of the precipitation (a) is higher than when precipitation is complete (b,c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-repeptization-by-dissolution-the-clusters-formed-34qo2l0g.png Figure 5. Repeptization by dissolution. The clusters formed after precipitation (a) are connected by the 5 nm nanoparticles during aging (b). During dialysis, the smallest particles will dissolve first, releasing the clusters from their aggregated state (c). Images on the right are from cryo-TEM analysis. TEM in panel b reprinted with permission from ref 13. Copyright 2012 Elsevier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representations-of-interparticle-2h4kd2u6.png Figure 1. Schematic representations of interparticle interaction potentials in an electrocratic system: the double layer repulsion (long dash) and the van der Waals attraction (short dash) together yield the total interaction potential either without (solid line) or with (dash-dotted line) a secondary minimum depending on the repulsion strength. With the introduction of a cutoff distance, the deepest part of the primary minimum is not available to the particles (dotted lines). https://scispace.com/papers/repeated-reproduction-back-to-bartlett-a-french-replication-4smre8hitr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sociocultural-mediators-and-their-occurrences-in-fwndjbqz.png Figure 2. Sociocultural mediators and their occurrences in the story reconstruction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-eight-stages-of-the-procedure-2jmgni9a.png Table 1. The eight stages of the procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-types-of-deformation-of-materials-2iehmn0t.png Table 4. Types of deformation of materials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-proportion-of-errors-for-narrative-and-proverb-1tst908t.png Figure 1. Mean proportion of errors for narrative and proverb (phase 1 and 2). Note: Part 1: proverb read silently/Part 2: proverb read aloud. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-our-results-of-the-story-remembering-1xfhwign.png Table 3. Comparison of our results of the story remembering with Wagoner and Gillespie’s (2014) ones. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sociocultural-mediators-and-their-occurrences-in-2lu2t1as.png Figure 3. Sociocultural mediators and their occurrences in proverb reconstruction (part 1 and 2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-collection-1hoetgqc.png Table 2. Data collection. https://scispace.com/papers/repetition-effects-in-action-selection-reflect-effector-but-53ldhy861e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-response-times-ms-for-probe-actions-as-a-function-129ilc7r.png Figure 3. Response times (ms) for probe actions as a function of effector type, body side, and movement repeat in Experiment 1. Areas show the posterior distributions of the estimated marginal means, black dots represent the medians and error bars the 95% highest density interval (HDI). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bic-and-aic-calculated-for-different-ddm-estimated-1xb5efd5.png Table 1. BIC and AIC calculated for different DDM. Estimated mean values and 95% HDI using Bayesian regression (BIC/ AIC ~ model variant + (1|participant)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-contrasts-of-posterior-distributions-in-experiment-1jdwqrit.png Figure 4. Contrasts of posterior distributions in Experiment 1. Black dots represent the medians and error bars the 95% highest density interval (HDI). The grey shaded area indicates the region of practical equivalence (ROPE) of +/-0.1 effect sizes around 0 [-20, 20]. Portions of the distributions outside and inside the ROPE are shown in light blue and dark blue, respectively. NR = No repeat, IR = identical repeat, EBSR = effector type repeat and body side repeat, BSMR = body side repeat and movement direction repeat, BSR = body side repeat, EMR = effector type repeat and movement direction repeat, ER = effector type repeat, MR = movement direction repeat. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-contrasts-of-posterior-distributions-in-experiment-141e9s8v.png Figure 6. Contrasts of posterior distributions in Experiment 2. Black dots represent the medians and error bars the 95% highest density interval (HDI). The grey shaded area indicates the region of practical equivalence (ROPE) of +/-0.1 effect sizes around 0 [-20, 20]. Portions of the distributions outside and inside the ROPE are shown in light blue and dark blue, respectively. NR = No repeat, IR = identical repeat, EBSR = effector type repeat and body side repeat, BSMR = body side repeat and movement direction repeat, BSR = body side repeat, EMR = effector type repeat and movement direction repeat, ER = effector type repeat, MR = movement direction repeat. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-task-and-procedure-participants-2mitc898.png Figure 1. Experimental task and procedure. Participants performed two successive movements (a prime and a probe) separated by a 0.5 sec delay interval. Movements were performed in one of two directions (inward, outward) with either (i.e., left, right) hand or foot. A Example shape-action assignment. Actions were defined through arbitrary rules by means of different shapes visually displayed on a computer screen. Each shape corresponded to one specific action and shape-action associations were randomized across participants. Movement direction was instructed in an egocentric reference frame (i.e., in- vs. outward movement) in Experiment 1 and in an allocentric reference frame (i.e., left- vs. rightward movement) in Experiment 2. White arrows indicate movement direction. B Example trial sequence with event timing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-conditions-of-experiment-1-egocentric-n3r3i1a1.png Figure 2. Experimental conditions of Experiment 1 (egocentric instruction). The task comprised a 2 Effector Type (Repeat, No repeat) x 2 Body Side (Repeat, No Repeat) x 2 Movement Direction (Repeat, No Repeat) design that yielded eight conditions. The left and right columns illustrate conditions in which the same (e.g., hand – hand) or different effector type (e.g., hand – foot) was used for prime and probe action, respectively. The upper and lower two rows show conditions in which the same (e.g., left – left) or different body side (e.g., left – right) was used, respectively. Conditions with same-colored (blue – blue) and different-colored arrows (blue – yellow) indicate conditions in which movements were performed in the same (e.g., outward – outward) or different (e.g., outward – inward) direction. Conditions are illustrated for a left hand outward movement as prime action but apply analogously for all other actions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ddm-parameter-estimates-posterior-distributions-of-1fel0qdq.png Figure 7. DDM parameter estimates. Posterior distributions of the estimated marginal means of drift rates (A) and starting points (B) for probe actions as a function of effector type, body side, and movement repeat calculated from the DDM (full model). (C,D) Contrasts of posterior distributions between the no repeat and the other conditions for drift rates (C) and starting points (D). Black dots represent the means and error bars the 95% highest density interval (HDI).The grey shaded area indicates the region of practical equivalence (ROPE) of +/-0.1 effect sizes around 0. Portions of the distributions outside and inside the ROPE are shown in light blue and dark blue, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-response-times-ms-for-probe-actions-as-a-function-3qehf1uj.png Figure 5. Response times (ms) for probe actions as a function of effector type, body side, and movement repeat in Experiment 2. Areas show the posterior distributions of the estimated marginal means, black dots represent the medians and error bars the 95% highest density interval (HDI). https://scispace.com/papers/repetition-increases-false-recollection-in-older-people-an9gwhkslz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-and-sd-of-hits-false-alarms-and-sensitivity-y7gywco9.png Table 2. Means (and SD) of hits, false alarms, and sensitivity index of the results of the associative recognition tasks broken down into remember and know judgments as a function of age groups, stimuli, and repetition conditions. Significant differences between age groups (p < 0.05) marked with * https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-sd-of-hits-false-alarms-and-sensitivity-9idn1lsl.png Table 1. Means (and SD) of hits, false alarms, and sensitivity index of the global results of the associative recognition tasks as a function of age groups, stimuli, and repetition conditions. Significant differences between age groups (p < 0.05) marked with * https://scispace.com/papers/replication-of-an-open-access-deep-learning-system-for-2phd7pm1jk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-wu-et-al-heatmaps-on-bssa-images-plain-mlo-mammograms-1pxsopbl.png Fig. 2. Wu et al. heatmaps on BSSA images. Plain MLO mammograms (left) with overlayed benign (middle) and malignant (right) patch-level heatmaps in a single client with biopsy proven invasive ductal carcinoma. These heatmaps are produced by a CNN trained by Wu et. al. (2) (this model was not retrained). Top: left mediolateral oblique view. Bottom: right mediolateral oblique view. Note the high probability of malignant segmentation for densities in the malignancy-free right breast and bilaterally in the axillae. Right-sided images were horizontally flipped for model training, validation and testing. *Malignancy in the contralateral breast. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-auroc-for-malignancy-differentiation-nyu1-image-only-2umh1l8e.png Table 2. AUROC for malignancy differentiation. NYU1: image-only models. NYU2: images and benign and malignant heatmaps as model input, pictured in Figure 2 and described by Wu et al.(2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-nyu2-retrained-with-transfer-learning-results-by-3f42wkh0.png Table 3. NYU2 retrained with transfer learning results by strata - AUROC for differentiating malignancy from benign lesions and age-matched controls in Test Set 1 (except malignant calcification which is calculated against benign calcification). AD: Architectural Distortion https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bssa-dataset-philips-medical-systems-and-philips-zhb9t188.png Table 1. BSSA Dataset. *Philips Medical Systems and Philips Digital Mammography Sweden AB. †: Test Set 1 - balanced controls. ‡: Test Set 2 - approx. NYU prevalence controls. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-image-differences-bssa-images-left-and-nyu-images-3dts3p1z.png Fig. 4. Image differences: BSSA images (left) and NYU images (right) not to scale. Two pairs of MLO views showing subtle differences in image contrast and opacity which may affect model generalisability. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-top-effect-of-retraining-image-only-nyu1-model-bottom-17wva2wl.png Fig. 3. Top: Effect of retraining image-only (NYU1) model. Bottom: Effect of retraining image and heatmaps (NYU2) model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dataset-flow-diagram-1-excluding-assessment-mammograms-33aj0cwp.png Fig. 1. Dataset flow diagram. 1. Excluding assessment mammograms. 2. We use ’round’ to refer to one episode of screening, consisting of at least four standard views (’CC’ and ’MLO’ for each breast). 3. Stratified client-wise by dominant finding. https://scispace.com/papers/repetitive-observer-design-for-torque-ripple-reduction-in-3ni4ynkf7q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-of-pmsm-1m16irhw.png Table I Parameters of PMSM https://scispace.com/papers/replicate-divergence-between-and-within-sounds-in-a-marine-3fcs5jf5az 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-analysis-of-population-structure-in-copper-rockfish-2ajhick5.png Fig. 3 Analysis of population structure in copper rockfish (Sebastes caurinus) sampled from five sounds along the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, and assayed at 17 microsatellite DNA loci. Each fish’s genotype is represented by a thin vertical line, the grey and white portions of which represent the proportional contribution of each of two genetic groups to the admixture coefficient, Q (varying from 0 to 1.0 along the vertical axis), from STRUCTURE analysis (Pritchard et al. 2000) of each individual sound. BS, Barkley Sound; CS, Clayoquot Sound; NS, Nootka Sound; KS, Kyuquot Sound; QS, Quatsino Sound; BSHI, Barkley Sound head of inlet; BSC, Barkley Sound coast; CSC, Clayoquot Sound coast; CSHI, Clayoquot Sound head of inlet; NSC, Nootka Sound coast; NSHI, Nootka Sound head of inlet; KSC, Kyuquot Sound coast; KSHI, Kyuquot Sound head of inlet; QSC, Quatsino Sound coast; QSHI, Quatsino Sound head of inlet. The thick vertical black lines separate coast and head of inlet sites from one another within each sound. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-of-the-effective-number-of-breeders-nb-in-1fah3fmg.png Table 2 Estimates of the effective number of breeders (Nb) in coast and head of inlet localities across five sounds in copper rockfish (Sebastes caurinus) assayed at 17 microsatellite DNA loci. Estimates were derived using the linkage disequilibrium method with the lowest allele frequency class of 0.01 used in the calculations. An estimate of ∞ denotes that insufficient linkage disequilibrium was present to estimate Nb https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-genetic-differentiation-fst-h-estimates-for-all-2wkm1v75.png Table 3 Genetic differentiation (FST, h) estimates for all pairwise comparisons across ten samples of copper rockfish (Sebastes caurinus) assayed at 17 microsatellite DNA loci https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-copper-rockfish-sebastes-caurinus-collection-locations-7guliood.png Fig. 1 Copper rockfish (Sebastes caurinus) collection locations along the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia (BC), Canada. BS, Barkley Sound; CS, Clayoquot Sound; NS, Nootka Sound; KS, Kyuquot Sound; QS, Quatsino Sound. Inset shows position of Vancouver Island (boxed area) within British Columbia. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-analysis-of-population-structure-in-copper-rockfish-fe4xezua.png Fig. 2 Analysis of population structure in copper rockfish (Sebastes caurinus) sampled from five sounds along the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, and assayed at 17 microsatellite DNA loci. Each fish’s genotype is represented by a thin vertical line, the grey and white portions of which represent the proportional contribution of each of two genetic groups to the admixture coefficient, Q (varying from 0 to 1.0 along the vertical axis), from STRUCTURE analysis (Pritchard et al. 2000). BSHI, Barkley Sound head of inlet; BSC, Barkley Sound coast; CSC, Clayoquot Sound coast; CSHI, Clayoquot Sound head of inlet; NSC, Nootka Sound coast; NSHI, Nootka Sound head of inlet; KSC, Kyuquot Sound coast; KSHI, Kyuquot Sound head of inlet; QSC, Quatsino Sound coast; QSHI, Quatsino Sound head of inlet. The thick vertical black lines separate each locality from one another. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-locations-and-sample-sizes-for-collections-of-copper-12jdk133.png Table 1 Locations and sample sizes for collections of copper rockfish (Sebastes caurinus) collections from the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia https://scispace.com/papers/replication-procedure-for-grouped-sobol-indices-estimation-26fmtpirji 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-estimation-of-first-order-sobol-indices-given-by-2m0xxm9q.png Figure 5: Estimation of first-order Sobol’ indices given by the three methods for r = 100 repetitions. The color black is for the replication method, the blue for the Saltelli method and the green for the standard method. At the top: boxplot representation for different values of N . At the bottom: curve of the SAEN for different values of N . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-estimation-of-closed-second-order-sobol-indices-ijluz5mf.png Figure 6: Estimation of closed second-order Sobol’ indices given by the three methods for r = 100 repetitions. The color black is for the replication method, the blue for the Saltelli method and the green for the standard method. At the top: boxplot representation for different values of N . At the bottom: curve of the SAEN for different values of N . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimation-of-first-order-sobol-indices-given-by-6louotak.png Figure 2: Estimation of first-order Sobol’ indices given by the three methods for r = 100 repetitions. The color black is for the replication method, the blue for the Saltelli method and the green for the standard method. At the top: boxplot representation for different values of N . At the bottom: curve of the SAEN for different values of N . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-estimation-of-first-order-sobol-indices-given-by-3wua4rv3.png Figure 7: Estimation of first-order Sobol’ indices given by the three methods for r = 100 repetitions. The color black is for the replication method, the blue for the Saltelli method and the green for the standard method. At the top: boxplot representation for different values of N . At the bottom: curve of the SAEN for different values of N . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimation-of-closed-second-order-sobol-indices-33jeb6bq.png Figure 3: Estimation of closed second-order Sobol’ indices given by the three methods for r = 100 repetitions. The color black is for the replication method, the blue for the Saltelli method and the green for the standard method. At the top: boxplot representation for different values of N . At the bottom: curve of the SAEN for different values of N . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-subdivision-of-the-unit-ordered-k-gwiqliwg.png Figure 1: examples of subdivision of the unit ordered k-simplex https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-of-asae1-n-for-each-method-and-for-different-2mezjbcs.png Table 2: Values of ASAE1 N for each method and for different size N of the design of experiments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-curves-of-asae1-n-left-figure-and-asae2-n-right-1pc93vhe.png Figure 4: Curves of ASAE1 N (left figure) and ASAE2 N (right figure) for each method depending on N https://scispace.com/papers/reply-to-commentary-assessment-of-past-infiltration-fluxes-5gc0rsbqad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-total-fracture-plus-matrix-calcite-abundances-83ly54js.png Figure 2. Total (fracture plus matrix) calcite abundances (volume fraction) obtained with two types of thermal conditions applied at the bottom boundary (WT-24 column, after 10 million years). Diamonds represent bulk rock calcite abundances measured by the U.S. Geological Survey (Fabryka-Martin, 2000). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-modeled-1-d-temperature-profiles-from-the-surface-1abhcwb6.png Figure 1. Modeled 1-D temperature profiles (from the surface to the water table for the WT-24 borehole) as a function of time for a ten million year period. Hydrostratigraphic units: TCw = Tiva canyon welded tuff. PTn = Paintbrush nonwelded tuffs. TSw = Topopah Spring welded tuffs. CHn = Calico Hills nonwelded tuffs. https://scispace.com/papers/reply-to-dna-methylation-haplotypes-as-cancer-markers-44ya2fp2lc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-marker-discovery-and-validation-workflow-a-the-259s82f3.png Fig. 1 | Marker discovery and validation workflow. a, The workflow is divided into three steps. The first step to define features (MHBs) was performed in ref. 2 with comparison of the AMF and MHL metrics using data from refs 3,4. The second step to perform features filtering was carried out for identification of https://scispace.com/papers/reply-to-the-comment-by-d-e-rupp-and-g-m-smart-on-flow-1a2qz6ykfb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-calibration-statistics-of-fitted-equations-of-6zwi4o7v.png Table 2. Calibration statistics of fitted equations of alternative models 1 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-value-of-the-fitting-parameters-1-2-2lfdd6us.png Table 1. Value of the fitting parameters 1 2 https://scispace.com/papers/report-of-explorations-across-the-great-basin-of-the-1rg8fe3tr8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-productts-mei-tisi-ooa4y1vd.png Fig. 8. Productts mei.tisi https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-lateral-fig-15-frontal-view-of-the-embryo-magnified-2pmdi6ng.png Fig. 14 Lateral, fig. 15 frontal view of the embryo, magnified https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-embryo-enveloped-in-the-inner-seed-coat-including-3ifpzynb.png Fig. 13. Embryo, enveloped in the inner seed-coat, including also the albumen https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spirifer-23m75rqc.png Fig. 3. Spirifer https://scispace.com/papers/report-on-proton-and-ion-beam-measurements-at-the-matter-in-1tm22kj0ev 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-schematic-of-the-thomson-parabola-2vf2kta5.png Figure 8: Schematic of the Thomson Parabola. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-proton-energy-cut-off-as-a-function-of-the-12-5-um-2kxa0gsi.png Figure 14: Proton Energy cut-off as a function of the 12.5 µm thick aluminum foil position on the laser axis, recorded during the focal scan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-scintillator-signal-level-as-a-function-of-the-12-14u3b0gx.png Figure 15: Scintillator signal level as a function of the 12.5 µm thick aluminum foil position on the laser axis, recorded during the focal scan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-signal-on-the-cr39-for-different-energy-filters-2yz8lgb5.png Figure 19: Signal on the CR39 for different energy filters after etching. Proton hits are shown until the 10µm thick aluminum filter that cuts 800 keV. This signal has been integrated over 120 shots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-estimates-of-the-error-bar-on-the-energy-measured-qejyvvjm.png Figure 9: Estimates of the error bar on the energy measured by the Thomson Parabola. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-thomson-parabola-trace-obtained-for-different-37nlmd8q.png Figure 13: Thomson parabola trace obtained for different position of the target foil with respect to the laser focal spot: (a) in focus, (b) 70 µm defocused, and (c) 230 µm defocused. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-typical-ion-trace-recorded-with-a-hydrogen-200mj-13voz58k.png Figure 18: Typical ion trace recorded with (a) hydrogen, 200mJ laser, (b) deuterium, 1.4J laser, (c) deuterium, 200mJ laser, and (d) their respective relative spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-30-tw-mec-laser-system-and-experimental-set-up-used-21kk417b.png Figure 1: 30 TW MEC laser system and experimental set-up used during the commissioning beam time. The laser beam quality was optimized through an optimization loop between the deformable mirror and the image of the OAP focal spot. https://scispace.com/papers/report-on-offense-grading-in-new-jersey-2qf9da91qd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-broad-offenses-22mqltsm.png Table 2: Broad Offenses https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-non-broad-offenses-2luwp179.png Table 1: Non-Broad Offenses https://scispace.com/papers/report-on-the-sea-lilies-starfishes-brittle-stars-and-sea-h4u12m50hd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-side-view-of-same-specimen-as-fig-1-dkcckczl.png Fig. 3.—Side view of same specimen as Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-actinal-view-of-same-specimen-as-fig-3-287gs8g2.png Fig. 4.—Actinal view of same specimen as Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-x40-34bkwi51.png Fig. 5.x40. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comanthus-spanoscjustum-sp-nov-photograph-of-the-1wxru8xd.png Fig. 3.—Side view of same specimen as Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/papers/reported-waterborne-outbreaks-of-gastrointestinal-disease-in-2qcvgy3z30 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-recreational-water-outbreaks-of-gastroenteritis-2mi5n84b.png Table 3: Recreational water outbreaks of gastroenteritis reported to OzFoodNet from 2001 to 2007. https://scispace.com/papers/reported-associations-between-asthma-and-acute-lymphoblastic-13dkbut65o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dag-of-main-causal-structure-with-the-presence-of-an-1r42w895.png Fig. 2 DAG of main causal structure with the presence of an unmeasured risk factor (U) of both asthma and ALL. ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia, DAG directed acyclic graph https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dag-of-a-main-causal-structure-where-infection-is-a-1h7o3e68.png Fig. 1 DAG of a main causal structure where infection is a risk factor for asthma and a protective factor against ALL, and Z is the set of other measured factors associated with both asthma and ALL. Z includes SES, eczema/hives, birth weight, birth order, sex, day care attendance, maternal prenatal smoking, child’s postnatal smoke exposure, and breast feeding. ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia, DAG directed acyclic graph, SES socioeconomic status https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-input-values-odds-ratios-for-the-relationship-1ividl0u.png Table 2 Input values (odds ratios) for the relationship between covariates and ALL, Asthma, and infection used to develop the synthetic cohort https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-impact-of-infection-on-the-association-between-2lghqmah.png Table 3 Impact of infection on the association between asthma and ALL https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-impact-of-unmeasured-confounding-on-the-association-2ian76ah.png Table 4 Impact of unmeasured confounding on the association between asthma and ALL https://scispace.com/papers/reported-amount-of-salt-added-to-food-is-associated-with-1uoqd2eq2q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multivariate-model-examining-the-association-of-3eqrrkld.png Table 3: Multivariate model examining the association of reported frequency of adding salt to food and cancer-related mortality in 11,732 older men. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multivariate-model-examining-the-association-of-2bn5lnrt.png Table 2: Multivariate model examining the association of reported frequency of adding salt to food and all-cause mortality in 11,732 older men. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-univariate-association-of-risk-factors-with-all-2r4afddj.png Table 1: Univariate association of risk factors with all-cause mortality in 11,742 older men. https://scispace.com/papers/reporting-volunteer-labour-at-the-organizational-level-a-3d7kbewq77 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-significance-of-organizational-characteristics-2fvnh6vl.png Table I. Significance of organizational characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/reports-of-therapy-skill-use-and-their-efficacy-in-daily-5gpv0zithu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relationship-of-responses-to-the-question-today-i-21bwx140.png Table 3. Relationship of responses to the question “Today I tried using some skills I’ve learned in therapy” with other daily life criterion https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-intermittent-diary-items-ywigrmpz.png Table 2. Intermittent diary items https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-comparisons-and-descriptives-for-participants-lm384kaw.png Table 4. Mean comparisons and descriptives for participants in CBT and SST on categories of skills used https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-information-of-participants-3hd7rlvd.png Table 1. Descriptive information of participants https://scispace.com/papers/repositioning-of-diabetes-treatments-for-depressive-symptoms-47iibyyufh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1bday46o.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-8rkxsdag.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3c40k6rk.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/representation-of-finite-games-as-network-congestion-games-4a52pkqf2m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representations-of-a-exact-potential-game-a-as-a-h06qsn1e.png Figure 1. Representations of a exact potential game (a) as a weighted network congestion game (b), with weights and , and as an unweighted network congestion game with playerspecific costs (c). Dotted, dashed and solid edges are allowable to player 1, player 2 and both players, respectively. The allowable directions are indicated where required. All relevant costs other than those specified are zero. A player’s payoff is the negative of his total cost. https://scispace.com/papers/representation-learning-for-minority-and-subtle-activities-o2dy2g8t63 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-activity-distribution-and-recognition-accuracies-on-a-29ounu4t.png Fig. 1. Activity distribution and recognition accuracies on a two-user co-living environment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sensor-feature-distribution-on-the-activities-r1-sleep-33bjvu5o.png Fig. 4. Sensor feature distribution on the activities ‘R1 sleep’, ‘R1 work’, and ‘R1 wander in room’ https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-drhc-compared-to-representation-learning-techniques-ep4fxb8z.png TABLE IV DRHC COMPARED TO REPRESENTATION LEARNING TECHNIQUES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-drhc-with-the-state-of-the-art-2jy8pcam.png Fig. 3. Comparison of DRHC with the state-of-the-art classifiers https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-drhc-compared-to-resampling-techniques-3ilx6oky.png TABLE III DRHC COMPARED TO RESAMPLING TECHNIQUES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-drhc-with-the-sampling-and-387h8jl0.png Fig. 5. Comparison of DRHC with the sampling and representation learning techniques https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-distance-matrix-between-subtle-activities-os4wipsr.png TABLE I DISTANCE MATRIX BETWEEN SUBTLE ACTIVITIES https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-drhc-compared-to-state-of-the-art-classifiers-22gietmy.png TABLE II DRHC COMPARED TO STATE-OF-THE-ART CLASSIFIERS https://scispace.com/papers/representation-of-temporal-knowledge-in-events-the-formalism-3y4rcqvlbd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-timestamps-and-perspectives-ik5a8waa.png Figure 5. Timestamps and perspectives. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-graphical-representation-of-the-selection-algorithm-3vl3x1ny.png Figure 8. Graphical representation of the selection algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-point-event-15a66nka.png Figure 4. Point event. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-example-of-figure-1-revisited-2k33m6r7.png Figure 9. The example of Figure 1 revisited. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-general-structure-of-a-primary-index-3i5yplrr.png Figure 6. General structure of a primary index. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-simple-example-of-search-pattern-e3f9rqz7.png Figure 7. A simple example of search pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-duration-of-the-event-is-fully-defined-2x3s3f86.png Figure 2. The duration of the event is fully defined. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-binding-and-predicative-templates-xffobnsf.png Figure 11. Binding and predicative templates. https://scispace.com/papers/representation-of-a-general-composition-of-dirac-structures-1h4dugjqhe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-three-circuits-to-be-connected-in-parallel-through-vkkecofc.png Fig. 2. Three circuits to be connected in parallel through ports 1, 2 and 4, leaving 3 and 5 open. The third circuit is just a stub, introduced in order to get an open port at the point of connection of the other two circuits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-above-and-bond-graph-below-of-a-general-3lbbw7q8.png Fig. 1. Block diagram (above) and bond graph (below) of a general feedback interconnection. https://scispace.com/papers/representations-of-museums-and-museum-visits-in-narrative-11qvenqmhs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-museum-book-analytical-template-1dp7jzos.png Fig. 1. Museum book analytical template https://scispace.com/papers/representations-visuelles-alternatives-pour-les-reseaux-1m153m97o6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-representation-nodetrix-pour-lexploration-les-tq86ubdd.png Figure 15 : Représentation NodeTrix pour l’exploration (les étiquettes sont toutes lisibles. (Réseau de co-publication d’infovis contenant plus d’une centaine d’acteurs) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-representation-nodetrix-compacte-pour-la-2so6948y.png Figure 16 : Représentation NodeTrix compacte pour la communication (réseau de co-publication d’InfoVis contenant plus d’une centaine d’acteurs) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-les-liens-permettent-a-lanalyste-detre-conscient-q1da1wex.png Figure 11 : Les liens permettent à l’analyste d’être conscient que des éléments connectés aux nœuds qu’il étudie existent en dehors de la vue courante. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-melange-permet-de-plier-lespace-pour-permettre-de-10woji27.png Figure 12 : Mélange permet de « plier » l’espace pour permettre de voir deux régions éloignées de la matrice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-matlink-augmente-les-matrices-en-ajoutant-des-3l09h15q.png Figure 10 : MatLink augmente les matrices en ajoutant des liens statiques (en blanc) et des liens interactifs (en plus foncés sur les en-têtes) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-representation-dun-reseau-en-3d-a-gauche-et-dans-3saq5euf.png Figure 4 : Représentation d’un réseau en 3D (à gauche) et dans l’espace hyperbolique (à droite). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-representation-dun-reseau-sous-forme-darbre-avec-1ksxb2zt.png Figure 3 : Représentation d’un réseau sous forme d’arbre avec des liens supplémentaires (à gauche) et sous forme de Treemap avec des liens supplémentaires (à droite). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reseau-damities-entre-garcons-triangles-et-filles-80wwzinq.png Figure 1 : Réseau d’amitiés entre garçons (triangles) et filles (cercles) par J. Moreno. Un acteur central lie les deux groupes (triangle du milieu gauche). https://scispace.com/papers/representativeness-of-global-climate-and-vegetation-by-4k05ykt0mc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-modified-mean-inverse-euclidian-distance-wcell-2oe438l6.png Figure 7: The modified mean inverse euclidian distance (wcell) calculated for 0.5 ◦ global cells, with respect to FLUXNET2015, using Eq. 2. High values indicate good representativeness of the climate-canopy space by FLUXNET2015 sites of the same PFT as the cell. Non-vegetated areas are black. Crosses denote FLUXNET2015 locations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-an-alphabetical-list-of-acronyms-abbreviations-and-39kg7b9b.png Table 1: An alphabetical list of acronyms, abbreviations and quantities used frequently in the main text. Units are given where appropriate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-numerical-representativeness-of-each-plant-1kxc1d3l.png Table 2: The numerical representativeness of each plant functional type (PFT) within the carbon-monitoring networks (FLUXNET2015 and EMDI) compared to corresponding global 0.5◦ land-points. The percentage of sites (or vegetated global area) within each vegetation class is indicated and the number of sites, where applicable, is shown in parentheses. LaThuile is an extended FLUXNET network (Stoy et al 2009) for which a harmonised dataset of site GPP might be expected to become available in the future. For the LaThuile network, we aggregate grasses and crops since data are not always available to reliably distinguish between C3 and C4. The bottom row shows the global number of sites for each network. The second left-most column indicates the PFT abbreviation adopted in subsequent tables and figures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-mean-of-wcell-averaged-across-all-global-0-5-6xua25pe.png Figure 5: The mean of wcell averaged across all global 0.5 ◦ cells within the same PFT (wpft) for FLUXNET2015 (vertical axis) and EMDI (horizontal axis). The quantity wcell is defined in Eq. 2 using the inverse euclidian distance in climate-canopy space between global cells and relevant (same-PFT) carbon-monitoring sites. High values of wpft (&1) suggest that the network (FLUXNET2015 for GPP and EMDI for NPP) represents well the vegetation type (“good rep.”). Poorly represented PFTs are towards the bottom-left (“poor rep.”). PFTs are labelled according to Tab. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-climate-distribution-for-global-0-5-cells-2rthhg7z.png Table 5: The climate distribution for global 0.5◦ cells, organised according to plant functional type (PFT), compared to sites classified with the same vegetation in the EMDI and FLUXNET2015 networks. MAP, MAT, MASW and LAImax denote, respectively, Mean Annual Precipitation, Mean Annual Temperature, Mean Annual Shortwave radiation and mean maximum seasonal LAI. In each case we show the mean plus or minus the standard deviation. Values highlighted in bold indicate site means which lie more than two (global) standard deviations from the corresponding global mean. In the left-most column, the PFT is abbreviated according to Tab. 2. Sample sizes for EMDI and FLUXNET2015 are also given in Tab. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-modified-mean-inverse-euclidian-distance-wcell-1a2x58zt.png Figure 8: The modified mean inverse euclidian distance (wcell) calculated for 0.5 ◦ global cells, with respect to EMDI, using Eq. 2. High values indicate good representativeness of the climate-canopy space by EMDI sites of the same PFT as the cell. Non-vegetated areas are black. Crosses denote EMDI locations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-density-of-carbon-monitoring-sites-within-3sjd45ye.png Figure 3: Density of carbon-monitoring sites within temperature-precipitation space versus global 0.5◦ vegetated cells. Panel (a) combines all sites whereas panel (b) presents for individual carbon-monitoring networks. Density is recorded as number of locations (or global grid cells) per 500 mm yr−1 in mean annual precipitation and per 10◦C in mean annual temperature. In panel (b) the vertical right axis has been scaled to allow a comparison between EMDI and FLUXNET2015. In panel (a), we annotate 2σ outliers from the linear fit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-gpp-ratio-versus-npp-ratio-for-global-36bz07uj.png Figure 11: The GPP ratio versus NPP ratio for global vegetated 0.5◦ landpoints, shown separately for each PFT and labelled according to Tab. 2. The ratio equals the primary productivity simulated within the interpolated climate-canopy space, by the land-surface model JULES-SF, divided by the primary productivity simulated for the global climate-canopy space. Interpolated space depends on the distribution of carbon-monitoring sites for FLUXNET2015 and EMDI (§4.2). Similarity between the interpolated and global space should yield a ratio close to unity (dot-dash line). The dashed line (y=x) represents similar biases for NPP and GPP. https://scispace.com/papers/representing-financial-data-streams-in-digital-simulations-3v0g4uxrx6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-simulation-result-summary-1h5tgz8u.png Table 2. Simulation result summary. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-control-strategy-assessment-a-cash-flow-for-all-erdn6ac9.png Figure 12 – Control strategy assessment; a) cash flow for all strategies; b) cash flow and cost allocation for best strategy (Demand greater than the production of both the last two preceding weeks (either Ps or Qs)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-three-floating-operators-a-illustrates-work-station-cduizzta.png Figure 9 – Three floating operators: (a) illustrates work-station and operator utilisation; (b) documents the units produced along with the units demanded; (c) plots the resulting system finances including the cash flow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-architecture-of-the-modelling-framework-3nfxdf0b.png Figure 3 – Architecture of the modelling framework. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pareto-chart-and-main-effects-plots-varying-raw-19qsrgmx.png Figure 4 – Pareto chart and main effects plots varying raw material and purchased part inputs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pareto-chart-and-main-effects-plots-varying-12e705yd.png Figure 5 – Pareto chart and main effects plots varying production inputs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-three-and-four-floating-operators-with-positively-15w3xxv7.png Table 3. Three and four floating operators with positively trending demand. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-shared-operator-on-pl1-and-pl3-three-dedicated-9cca2c9o.png Figure 8 – Shared operator on PL1 and PL3 (three dedicated operators): (a) illustrates work-station and operator utilisation; (b) documents the units produced along with the units demanded; (c) plots the resulting system finances including the cash flow. https://scispace.com/papers/representing-and-parameterizing-agent-behaviors-3al1g10vj8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-expressive-gestures-with-the-emote-system-22c8ljtc.png Table 2. Expressive gestures with the EMOTE system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-actionary-tm-3cv4xmpi.png Figure 4. Actionary TM . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-par-architecture-7eji6jp5.png Figure 3. PAR Architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-example-manifestations-of-emote-parameters-on-the-2okr43j7.png Table 3. Example manifestations of EMOTE parameters on the face. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-facemote-applies-emote-parameters-to-facial-1kcj33d7.png Table 4. FacEMOTE applies EMOTE parameters to facial expressions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-overview-2kvvzpuf.png Figure 1. System Overview https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ocean-model-of-personality-1rm62ohc.png Table 5. OCEAN Model of Personality https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-system-architecture-2z3e4xgw.png Figure 2. System Architecture https://scispace.com/papers/reprint-of-role-of-the-fluidity-of-a-liquid-phase-in-4l6y8bklap 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-kertesz-et-al-364tleqy.png Figure 4. Kertész et al. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-kertesz-et-al-8jffb0gv.png Figure 5. Kertész et al. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kertesz-et-al-1vkg5i5m.png Figure 1. Kertész et al. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kertesz-et-al-vgp7lrph.png Figure 2. Kertész et al. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-the-first-three-molecular-layers-of-29ivofvg.png Table 1. Properties of the first three molecular layers of the aqueous phase in the two systems simulated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-kertesz-et-al-2nl1xb7a.png Figure 6. Kertész et al. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-kertesz-et-al-2wpl2ayd.png Figure 3. Kertész et al. https://scispace.com/papers/reprimo-824-g-c-and-p53r2-4696-c-g-single-nucleotide-2d6zmeqout 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-15-p53r2-snps-5446vsky.png Table 1.15: p53R2 SNPs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-typical-electrophoresis-gel-obtained-from-allele-zumlydye.png Figure 4.3: Typical electrophoresis gel obtained from allele specific PCR Reprimo G>C 824 SNP genotyping of multiple sam ples. Lanes 1 and 2 are contam ination (negative) control lanes. Lanes 3 and 4 are standard DNA (positive) control lanes, showing the standard DNA to be a GG hom ozygote. Sample 1 is a GC heterozygote and sam ples 2, 3 and 4 are CC homozygotes. Samples are arbitrarily num bered for sake of figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-electrophoresis-gel-showing-band-pattern-for-2twlou24.png Figure 4.2 Electrophoresis gel showing band pattern for P53R2 C>G 4696SNP genotypes. Each sample is represented in a single lane. The G allele is represented by a single 228bp band and, as the C allele creates the restriction site, presence of the C allele is shown by two bands at 149bp and 78bp. Positive control was omitted from this reaction. Samples are arbitrarily numbered for sake of figure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-5-allele-frequencies-reprimo-g-c-824-3kygqkev.png Table 4.5: Allele frequencies, Reprimo G>C 824. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-genotype-frequencies-p53r2-c-g-4696-1fd5fmmm.png Table 4.4: Genotype frequencies,p53R2 C>G 4696. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-8-cancers-associated-with-hnpcc-24l54xwy.png Table 1.8: Cancers associated with HNPCC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-12-reprimo-g-c-824-crc-association-tests-using-10zyjv6p.png Table 4.12: Reprimo G>C 824 - CRC association tests using student control population (O.R., odds ratio; C.I., confidence interval). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2-tnm-stages-for-colorectal-cancer-n-stage-is-only-14oiceoz.png Table 1.2: TNM stages for colorectal cancer (N stage is only ever 0,1 or 2 and M stage only ever 0 or 1). https://scispace.com/papers/reproducibility-and-intercorrelation-of-graph-theoretical-3h9x5w4rt9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reproducibility-of-different-graph-theoretical-2i4byk0a.png Table 1: Reproducibility of different graph theoretical metrics in networks reconstructed from 10 million streamlines, spherical harmonics order 8, and weighted by the number of streamlines. The standard deviation of the corresponding value is presented after the±sign. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reproducibility-measured-with-intraclass-8fw7y3jz.png Figure 2: Reproducibility measured with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for different spherical harmonics (SH) orders and graph theoretical measures in the residual bootstrapping sample. Networks were reconstructed from 10 million streamlines and weighted with the number of streamlines. The box plots indicate the mean (circle), median, minimum, maximum, 25th and 75th percentile values. Outliers are indicated with dots. nCC: normalized clustering coefficient, nCPL: normalized characteristic path length, nGE: normalized global efficiency, LE: average local efficiency, BC: betweenness centrality, SW: small-worldness, DG: degree, STR: strength. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-reproducibility-of-the-network-properties-with-31hqxm75.png Figure 6: Reproducibility of the network properties with different network weights reconstructed from 10 million streamlines and a spherical harmonics (SH) order 8 in the residual bootstrapping sample. The box plots indicate the mean (circle), median, minimum, maximum, 25th and 75th percentile values. Outliers are indicated with dots. nCC: normalized clustering coefficient, nCPL: normalized characteristic path length, nGE: normalized global efficiency, LE: average local efficiency, BC: betweenness centrality, SW: small-worldness, DG: degree, STR: strength, SIFT: spherical-deconvolution informed filtering of tractograms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-spearman-correlation-coefficients-in-networks-with-18kcw57i.png Table 3: Spearman correlation coefficients in networks with different weights in the residual bootstrapping sample. The correlation coefficients were calculated with respect to the corresponding metric in a network weighted with the number of streamlines. The networks were reconstructed from 10 million streamlines and a spherical harmonics order 8. The color-coding describes the correlation coefficients from red (-1) through yellow (0) to green (+1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-reproducibility-of-network-properties-in-binary-2f9ryvbn.png Figure 5: Reproducibility of network properties in binary networks reconstructed from the number of streamlines using varying threshold values in the residual bootstrapping sample. Networks were reconstructed with spherical harmonics (SH) order 8 and a reconstruction density of 10 million streamlines. The box plots indicate the mean (circle), median, minimum, maximum, 25th and 75th percentile values. Outliers are indicated with dots. nCC: normalized clustering coefficient, nCPL: normalized characteristic path length, nGE: normalized global efficiency, LE: average local efficiency, BC: betweenness centrality, SW: small-worldness, DG: degree, STR: strength https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-reproducibility-of-the-network-properties-with-15dd7rks.png Figure 7: A) Reproducibility of the network properties with two cortical parcellation atlases in FreeSurfer combined with the subcortical structures from FSL’s FIRST in the residual bootstrapping sample. Networks were reconstructed from 10 million streamlines and a spherical harmonics (SH) order 8, and weighted with the number of streamlines. The box plots indicate the mean (circle), median, minimum, maximum, 25th and 75th percentile values. Outliers are indicated with dots. nCC: normalized clustering coefficient, nCPL: normalized characteristic path length, nGE: normalized global efficiency, LE: average local efficiency, BC: betweenness centrality, SW: small-worldness, DG: degree, STR: strength. B) The two atlases (Destrieux: 164 parcels, and Desikan-Killiany: 84 parcels) visualized on an axial slice of the T1-weighted image with the reconstructed streamlines overlaid. C) Visualization of the structural brain networks with the different atlases. The networks were reconstructed as in A). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-spearman-correlation-coefficients-between-different-1tvrh5yx.png Table 2: Spearman correlation coefficients between different graph theoretical measures in networks reconstructed from 10 million streamlines, spherical harmonics order 8, and weighted by the number of streamlines in the residual bootstrapping sample. The colorcoding describes the correlation coefficients from red (-1) through yellow (0) to green (+1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reconstruction-of-the-structural-brain-connectome-3951csr5.png Figure 1: Reconstruction of the structural brain connectome. First, a T1-weighted image was parcellated with FreeSurfer and FSL to segment the cortical and subcortical gray matter structures. Next, whole-brain probabilistic constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD) based streamlines tractography was performed on the motion and distortion corrected diffusion-weighted images (DWI) in MRtrix3. Finally, the structural brain connectome was reconstructed by using the gray matter parcels as the nodes of the network and the streamline tractography results as the edge weights. https://scispace.com/papers/reproducibility-of-archaeointensity-determinations-with-a-3x4hab4csy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-microwave-archaeointensity-determinations-a-1g0i8iav.png Figure 9. Microwave archaeointensity determinations. (a) Successful determination on flowerpot sample M; (b) Unsuccessful determination (see text) on zoomorphic vessel N1E. Full triangles: pTRM-checks; Open squares; pTRM-tail checks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-thermomagnetic-curves-magnetisation-vs-temperature-174aykzv.png Figure 4. Thermomagnetic curves. Magnetisation-vs-temperature curve of (a) zoomorphic vessel N1D; (b) brick sample LNF; (c) zoomorphic vessel NLE. Heating curve in red, cooling curve in blue. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-irm-acquisition-curve-isothermal-remanence-7rv73gdi.png Figure 5. IRM acquisition curve. Isothermal remanence acquisition curve of zoomorphic vessel sample N1D. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-extended-protocol-multispecimen-archaeointensity-2p6c93k1.png Table 6. Extended protocol multispecimen archaeointensity results. N: number of specimens used in the experimental procedure; n: number of specimens used for archaeointensity determination. DB: uncorrected determination; FC: fraction corrected determination; DSC: domain-state corrected determination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-baking-of-ceramic-reproductions-a-picture-of-the-2qp7dr3m.png Figure 1. Baking of ceramic reproductions. (a) Picture of the kiln during the heating procedure; (b) Baking compartment of the oven with archaeological artefacts and thermocouples T1 to T4. Names of archaeological pieces are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-identification-of-a-hcslt-phase-af-demagnetisation-9aztrhrc.png Figure 6. Identification of a HCSLT phase. AF demagnetisation up to 100 mT and subsequent thermal demagnetisation of a SIRM imparted at 2T to (a) zoomorphic vessel sample N1E and (b) brick sample LQK2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temperature-variation-in-the-kiln-during-the-baking-1cpf9e7h.png Figure 2. Temperature variation in the kiln during the baking of ceramic reproductions. Thermocouples T1 (black), T2 (green), T3 (blue) and T4 (red) were placed at different positions in the oven (see figure 1b). T2 stopped working after approximately 150 minutes of heating. D ow https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-msp-db-multispecimen-archaeointensity-q9lb7gk2.png Figure 10. MSP-DB multispecimen archaeointensity determinations. Archaeointensity determination on flowerpot sample M using the original multispecimen method (Dekkers and Böhnel; 2006). https://scispace.com/papers/reproducibility-of-global-electrical-heterogeneity-4f3t186e23 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reproducibility-agreement-of-geh-measurements-on-two-2l4zc6q4.png Table 3. Reproducibility agreement of GEH measurements on two 10-sec ECGs on N beat without excluded premature beats. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-reproducibility-agreement-of-geh-metrics-on-two-10-39kpi2ua.png Table 4. Reproducibility agreement of GEH metrics on two 10-sec ECGs, if ≤6, 7-9, ≥10 N beats included in N median beat. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-of-the-study-2da22xui.png Table 1. Demographic characteristics of the study participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reproducibility-agreement-of-geh-measurements-on-two-1lo5nzwx.png Table 2. Reproducibility agreement of GEH measurements on two 10-second ECG recordings, on N, S, and VP median beats. https://scispace.com/papers/reproducibility-of-heart-rate-variability-revealed-by-ca7osgl6fx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-low-high-frequency-spectral-hrv-analysis-2kpjtvqw.png Fig. 2. Average low/high frequency spectral HRV analysis readings of 4 patients from both cardiovascular groups during twelve 5-min-readings 3 h before and after HD. LF/ HF, low-frequency/high frequency spectral analysis HRV; HD, hemodialysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-anthropometrical-and-dialysis-data-by-3obzn2rt.png Table 1. Clinical, anthropometrical and dialysis data by comorbidity status https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-individual-courses-n-4-of-sdnn-during-a-twelve-5-min-2175i0so.png Fig. 4. Individual courses (n = 4) of SDNN during (a) twelve 5-min-readings and (b) three 1-h-readings 3 h during and after HD. Individuals belonging to cardiovascular high comorbidity group are marked by broken lines. SDNN, SD of all R/R’ intervals; HD, hemodialysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-individual-courses-n-4-of-lf-during-a-twelve-5-min-2ps6uuco.png Fig. 5. Individual courses (n = 4) of LF during (a) twelve 5-min-readings and (b) three 1-h-readings 3 h during and after HD. Individuals belonging to cardiovascular high comorbidity group are marked by broken lines. LF, low-frequency spectral analysis HRV; HD, hemodialysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-individual-courses-n-4-of-hf-during-a-twelve-5-min-170wj9ms.png Fig. 6. Individual courses (n = 4) of HF during (a) twelve 5-min-readings and (b) three 1-h-readings 3 h during and after HD. Individuals belonging to cardiovascular high comorbidity group are marked by broken lines. HF, high-frequency HRV; HD, hemodialysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-of-long-term-hrv-indices-during-and-after-3i2n8gwh.png Fig. 3. Distribution of long-term HRV indices during and after HD sessions by comorbidity status. Single data points represent individual patients results during different 3 h HD periods. The strongest reproducibility was found for LF/HF after and during HD (R = 0.89; R = 0.71) and RMSSD after and during HD (R = 0.77; https://scispace.com/papers/reproducing-and-re-experiencing-the-writing-process-in-ca690wlq43 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-mechanism-d0a7hy2y.png Figure 1: The Mechanism https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-process-differences-between-shodo-master-2za8nhji.png Figure 6: Process Differences between Shodo Master https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-calligramp-system-2cjeqhdt.png Figure 2: The Calligramp System https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-different-views-in-the-visual-player-33fog4sv.png Figure 8: Different Views in the Visual Player https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-real-writing-a-and-screen-shots-of-the-visual-296qyohe.png Figure 7: Real Writing (a) and Screen Shots of the Visual Player Component (b-d) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-sound-data-player-gnfquqfg.png Figure 9: The Sound Data Player https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-architecture-of-the-calligramp-system-3clajo4e.png Figure 4: The Architecture of the Calligramp System https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-data-formats-used-in-calligramp-s4coul3m.png Figure 5: Data Formats Used in Calligramp https://scispace.com/papers/reproducing-musical-instrument-components-from-manufacturers-4puxpg6dwq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-technical-drawing-for-1943-bb-boehm-1010-mouthpiece-8mnom292.png Figure 3: Technical drawing for 1943 Bb Boehm 1010 mouthpiece (detail) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-qualitative-feedback-on-3d-printed-unfaced-1943-t8w8f2t5.png Table 4: Qualitative feedback on 3D-printed unfaced 1943 mouthpieces https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mouthpiece-measurements-1943-bb-boehm-1010-1ddl369z.png Table 2: Mouthpiece measurements: 1943 Bb Boehm 1010 mouthpiece https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mouthpiece-measurements-jack-brymer-type-b-symphony-29ljkx3q.png Table 3: Mouthpiece measurements: Jack Brymer ‘Type B’ Symphony 1010 mouthpiece https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-printing-details-and-timings-3pk348j0.png Table 1: Printing details and timings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-technical-drawing-for-1943-bb-boehm-1010-mouthpiece-3994zxv7.png Figure 2: Technical drawing for 1943 Bb Boehm 1010 mouthpiece https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-qualitative-feedback-on-3d-printed-faced-1943-xlgl9lgy.png Table 5: Qualitative feedback on 3D-printed faced 1943 mouthpieces https://scispace.com/papers/reproducing-the-general-through-the-local-lessons-from-o4baray6zu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-glo-bug-power-meter-2b04s6e4.png Figure 2: GLO-BUG power meter https://scispace.com/papers/reproductive-cycle-and-strategy-of-anodonta-anatina-l-1758-2gm0fz990c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-with-the-location-of-the-sampled-populations-of-3onozvfu.png Figure 1. Map with the location of the sampled populations of Anodonta anatina. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-specimen-samples-sequenced-coi-and-genbank-m4yp8rjh.png Table 1. List of specimen samples sequenced (COI) and GenBank accession numbers. https://scispace.com/papers/reproductive-health-of-bass-in-the-potomac-usa-drainage-part-46ezgidaru 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-morphometric-results-for-female-bass-from-collection-yza947a4.png Table 2. Morphometric results for female bass from collection sites within the Potomac (USA) drainagea https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-morphometric-results-of-male-bass-from-collection-kn1kldm7.png Table 3. Morphometric results of male bass from collection sites within the Potomac (USA) drainagea https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-selected-concentrations-of-chemicals-that-measured-10ywxetm.png Table 6. Selected concentrations of chemicals that measured above the method quantitation limit (MQL) in passive sampler extractsa https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-plasma-testosterone-concentrations-pg-ml-in-smallmouth-2izmi95u.png Fig. 4. Plasma testosterone concentrations (pg/ml) in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) captured in the vicinity of wastewater treatment facilities. Dots represent outliers, and whiskers mark 5th and 95th percentiles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-gonadosomatic-indices-gsi-plasma-vitellogenin-vtg-2c45t7wq.png Table 4. Gonadosomatic indices (GSI), plasma vitellogenin (VTG), and estrogen to testosterone ratio (E:T) of female bass from collection sites within the Potomac (USA) drainagea https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-microscopic-observations-in-bass-gonads-a-stage-1-1xnnz7v4.png Fig. 2. Microscopic observations in bass gonads. (A) Stage 1 ovary with oocytes that have only progressed to the perinucleolar stage (arrows). (B) Stage 2 ovary containing oocytes that have progressed to the cortical alveolar stage (a). (C) Atretic oocytes (a) within a stage 2 ovary. (D) Oocytes (arrows) within the testis of a bass. Hematoxylin-and-eosin stain; bar 200 m (A–C) and 100 m (D). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-water-quality-parameters-at-collection-sites-within-w3sdqyr0.png Table 1. Water-quality parameters at collection sites within the Potomac (USA) drainage measured at the time of fish collections https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plasma-17-estradiol-concentrations-pg-ml-of-smallmouth-12lp8h1j.png Fig. 3. Plasma 17 -estradiol concentrations (pg/ml) of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Upstream/downstream pairs marked with an asterisk are significantly different ( p 0.05). Dots represent outliers, and whiskers mark the 5th and 95th percentiles. https://scispace.com/papers/reproductive-patterns-in-the-baluchistan-gerbil-gerbillus-4fv42qvcvk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-primordial-primary-secondary-and-tertiary-qtt8p25d.png Table 2.Number of primordial, primary, secondary and tertiary follicles across seasons for Gerbillus nanus at the National Wildlife Research Centre at Taif, Saudi Arabia between December 2011 and November 2012. https://scispace.com/papers/reproductive-success-is-influenced-by-early-development-the-413sqe7dpt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameter-estimates-for-favored-linear-mixed-effects-1wu3oefj.png Table 3: Parameter estimates for favored linear mixed effects model describing variation in pup weaning mass as a function of maternal age, experience (parity), pup sex, natal length LM, and random effects of year and individual. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-cost-of-reproduction-is-estimated-by-finding-10pzcpur.png Figure 3: The cost of reproduction is estimated by finding the difference between reproductive probabilities of non-breeders and breeders: panels depict posterior distribution of ψBB minus posterior distribution of ψNB for (A) output of the models reported here, estimating reproductive probabilities for females born from 1998-2002, and (B) the output from Badger et al. 2020, a similar model estimating reproductive probabilities for females born 1962, 1969, 1970, 1973, 1974, 1985-87, 1989, and 1998-2002. Note that for (B), the models did not estimate a cost of reproduction in terms of reproductive rate, where ψBB > ψNB, i.e. current reproduction does not incur a “penalty” to future reproduction. By contrast, our sample of females (A) show a slight cost of reproduction ψBB < ψNB, where individuals are slightly more likely to breed in a given year if they had skipped reproduction previously. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-four-competing-multistate-mixed-effects-mark-8egrt8e7.png Table 2: Four competing multistate mixed effects mark-recapture models to describe the effect of natal length on her reproductive performance, measured as reproductive rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-results-from-the-markov-chain-multi-state-model-1w7hrpph.png Figure 2: Results from the Markov chain multi-state model describing probability of breeding, ψkB, as a function of (A) natal length, and (B) the female’s previous state in year t-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-estimated-effect-of-natal-length-on-1hlsam9f.png Figure 1: The estimated effect of natal length on provisioning performance as a female ages. Lines are 0.025%, 50%, and 97.5% quantiles of natal lengths corresponding to 95 cm, 110 cm, and 125 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-there-is-no-evidence-for-an-interactive-effect-of-39ovzocp.png Figure 5: There is no evidence for an interactive effect of natal length and parity– effect of natal length on pup weaning mass does not taper off (p > 0.05, Table 1). Boxplots of pup weaning masses for individuals with short (90 - 105 cm), average (105 cm - 115 cm), and tall (115 - 125 cm) natal lengths (panels) over the 1st, 2nd, and 3+ parities. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-posterior-mean-sd-2-5-50-and-97-5-quantiles-and-2y9ew01f.png Table 4: Posterior mean, SD, 2.5%, 50%, and 97.5% quantiles, and convergence diagnostic r̂ of parameters for preferred multistate model, describing variation in reproductive rate (ψkBi,t ) as a function of previous reproductive state, quadratic effect of maternal age (λ1,λ2), linear maternal length as young LM (λ5), and random effects of individual and year. The effect of previous state is reported here as transition rates among F, B, and N for ease of interpretation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-four-competing-linear-mixed-effects-models-to-1pl7s9lq.png Table 1: Four competing linear mixed effects models to describe the effect of natal length on her reproductive performance, measured as offspring mass. https://scispace.com/papers/repurposing-combination-therapy-of-voacamine-with-1ndo90efq5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3p64o37j.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2md2n5dt.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-123x6bz9.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-7oxv5e7y.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-39cenmtu.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-y0yzrvpj.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/repurposing-non-cancer-drugs-in-oncology-how-many-drugs-are-45yb96t0ni 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-some-features-of-the-235-drugs-listed-3hbhlgcy.png Table 2: Some features of the 235 drugs listed https://scispace.com/papers/reputation-effects-in-trading-on-the-new-york-stock-exchange-cco305k3sw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-differences-in-the-share-weighted-relative-v86038t8.png Table VI Differences in the Share-Weighted Relative Effective Spreads of Relocating Stocks with High Adverse https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-multivariate-analysis-of-differences-in-the-1qro7iw9.png Table VII Multivariate Analysis of Differences in the Relative Effective Spreads of Relocating Stocks and Their Controls Around Location Changes https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-multivariate-analysis-of-effective-spreads-for-1hhrm2l1.png Table X Multivariate Analysis of Effective Spreads for Trades of Moving and Non-Moving Brokers Around Location Changes https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-descriptive-statistics-for-relocating-stocks-7bozpspw.png Table I Descriptive Statistics for Relocating Stocks https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-descriptive-microstructure-statistics-for-ylu1v3gp.png Table III Descriptive Microstructure Statistics for Relocating and Matched Control Stocks https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-differences-in-the-share-weighted-relative-1kyalmul.png Table IV Differences in the Share-Weighted Relative Effective Spreads of Relocating Stocks and Their Controls https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-descriptive-microstructure-statistics-for-relocating-n1rmol9x.png Table V Descriptive Microstructure Statistics for Relocating with High Adverse Selection and Their Controls https://scispace.com/papers/repurposing-the-antidepressant-sertraline-as-shmt-inhibitor-24qc3wv5v2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computational-docking-of-sertraline-to-shmt1-and-3etjw7e0.png Table 1. Computational docking of sertraline to SHMT1 and SHMT2. Docking scores for sertraline into the active pocket of SHMT1 and SHMT2. The already identified dual SHMT1/2 inhibitor SHIN1, based on a pyrazolopyran scaffold, was used as reference structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sertraline-has-clinical-potential-especially-in-38cggjo4.png Figure 5. Sertraline has clinical potential, especially in combination with mitochondrial inhibitors. (A) Proliferation during 96 hours, as determined by real-time monitoring of cell confluence (%), of MDA-MB-231 (upper) and MDA-MB-468 (lower) cells upon treatment with sertraline (5 µM) in combination with rotenone (50 nM), antimycin A (50 nM) or artemether (80 µM). One representative result of three biological replicates, containing each at least three technical replicates, is shown. (B) Histograms showing PI cell cycle analysis (left) and BrdU incorporation (right) of MDA-MB-468 cells treated with DMSO, sertraline (5 µM) and/or artemether (80 µM) for 24 hours. One representative result of three biological replicates is shown. (C) Quantification of (B) pooling all three biological replicates (n = 3, Two-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test). (D) Tumor weight (g) of MDA-MB-231 (left flank) and MDA-MB-468 (right flank) mouse https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sertraline-and-thimerosal-target-serine-glycine-1jlf3a8i.png Figure 3. Sertraline and thimerosal target serine/glycine synthesis. (A) Survival, by measuring cell viability using flow cytometry, of Ba/F3 cells, that express either RPL10 WT or RPL10 R98S, upon treatment with 7.3 µM sertraline (left) or 1 µM thimerosal (right) for 48 hours. Values are presented relative to the control treatment (n = 3 individual CRISPR/Cas9 clones with at least two technical replicates in each experiment, Student’s t-test). (B) Proliferation, as determined by realtime monitoring of cell confluence (%), of MDA-MB-468 cells cultured in DMEM with (upper) or without (lower) serine (400 µM) and treated with indicated concentrations of sertraline (left) or thimerosal (right). One representative result of three biological replicates, containing each at least three technical replicates, is shown. (C) Relative abundance of intracellular serine and glycine in MDA-MB-468 cells treated with indicated concentrations of sertraline (upper) and thimerosal (lower) for 72 and 24 hours, respectively (n = 3, One-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test). (D) Schematic representation of carbon incorporation from 13C6-glucose into serine and glycine. Glucose-derived serine and glycine shows mass shifts of 3 and 2 units (M+3 serine and M+2 glycine), respectively. Cellular uptake of serine and glycine from the cell culture medium will result in unlabeled (M+0) serine and glycine, whereas interconversion between serine and glycine, catalyzed by SHMT1/2, will result in partially labeled serine (M+1 and M+2) and glycine (M+1). (E) Serine and glycine mass distribution showing the fractional glucose contribution of each mass upon treatment of MDA-MB-468 cells with indicated concentrations of sertraline (upper) and thimerosal https://scispace.com/papers/repurposing-trnas-for-nonsense-suppression-4gfcy14iw8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-t1a3t2-decoding-mechanism-is-identical-to-elongator-2znbzqno.png Fig. 4 t1A3T2 decoding mechanism is identical to elongator tRNAs. a Cryo-EM reconstruction of the t1A3T2 decoding UGA on the ribosome with segmented densities for t1A3T2 (blue), P tRNA (green), E tRNA (pink), 30S (yellow), and 50S (gray). b Close-up view of the anticodon stem loop of t1A3T2 (blue) showing three Watson–Crick pairing decoding UGA (pale orange). c Same view than b with an overlay between the cognate tRNAAlaGGC (red) bound to GCC codon (turquoise; PDB ID 6OF6)25. d Same view than b with an overlay between the Sec-tRNASec (red) bound to UGA codon (turquoise; PDB ID 5LZE)40. e Interaction of RF2 (cyan) with the decoding center (mRNA stop, violet; PDB ID 4V4T)75. f Same view than e without RF2 and overlay of t1A3T2 (blue) decoding UGA (pale orange). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-nonsense-suppressor-trna-design-fixed-nucleotides-in-1mjekf4e.png Fig. 1 Nonsense suppressor tRNA design. Fixed nucleotides in the design: AlaRS recognition (orange); anticodon (gray); tertiary interactions (red https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-decoding-of-t1a3t2-trna-on-the-ribosome-in-the-ga25sya9.png Fig. 5 Decoding of t1A3T2-tRNA on the ribosome in the presence of AP-Neg. a Cryo-EM reconstruction of the t1A3T2 decoding UGA on the ribosome with segmented densities for t1A3T2 (blue), P tRNA (green), E tRNA (pink), 30 S (yellow), and AP-Negamycin (transparent). b–d Close-up view of AP-Neg (cyan) bound to the 30S subunit (helix 34 and 31) in close proximity to the A-site tRNA (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-designed-nonsense-suppressor-trnas-t1-t3-t5-are-4nqjchuw.png Fig. 2 Designed nonsense suppressor tRNAs t1, t3–t5 are substrates of AlaRS. Aminoacylation with Ala catalyzed by E. coli AlaRS (+) compared to nonaminoacylated in vitro transcribed tRNAs (−). Aminoacyl-tRNAs (○) migrate slower compared to non-acylated tRNAs (●). Aminoacylation levels are means ± s.d. (n, biologically independent experiments). In the schematic, nucleotides varied in each tRNA design, native tRNAAlaGGC, and UAG-decoding tRNAAlaCUA compared to the native tRNAAlaUGC are highlighted in red; the anticodon CUA (gray) decoding UAG stop codon is the same for all https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-engineered-nonsense-suppressor-trnas-are-1ps8phq1.png Fig. 3 Engineered nonsense suppressor tRNAs are translationally competent. a Sequence editing within the anticodon stem and loop of t1. Nucleotide substitutions highlighted in red; the anticodon UCA (gray) decoding UGA stop codon is the same for all engineered tRNAs. b Sequence editing within the TΨC-stem or D-stem and D-loop of t1A3. Nucleotide substitutions highlighted in red. c, d In vivo suppression efficiency of t1, anticodon-edited t1A3, TΨCstem-edited t1A3T1 and t1A3T2 (light red), D-region-edited t1A3D, and TΨC- and D-region-edited t1A3DT1 and t1A3DT2 (dark red) tested in E. coli https://scispace.com/papers/reputationnet-a-reputation-engine-to-enhance-servicemap-by-4aj2dsu979 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reputation-based-approach-for-service-1l0sr8l2.png Figure 2. Reputation based approach for service recommendation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-of-service-recommendation-8oqiiblk.png Figure 3. Examples of service recommendation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-performance-testing-98w1nyzb.png Figure 4. Performance testing https://scispace.com/papers/requirements-capture-for-colour-information-for-design-qzzkhp2nql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-definitions-of-the-13-types-of-colour-information-2wlf9g4s.png Table 2: Definitions of the 13 types of colour information used in this study (*alphabetical order) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-colour-decisions-in-a-recent-project-obtained-from-2w89ei5l.png Table 1: Colour decisions in a recent project (obtained from the interviews) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-cards-sorted-by-a-participant-3t8ffsjw.png Figure 2: Example of cards sorted by a participant https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-questionnaire-presented-to-designers-and-brand-294f2oih.png Figure 3: The questionnaire presented to designers and brand managers https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-review-of-discipline-specific-dictionaries-on-the-2dolal5x.png Table 1: Colour decisions in a recent project (obtained from the interviews) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-results-of-face-to-face-interviews-light-grey-e2epikrv.png Figure 4: The results of face-to-face interviews (light grey) and online surveys (dark grey) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-data-collection-methods-to-answer-research-1j8ya84r.png Figure 1: Data collection methods to answer research questions 1–3 https://scispace.com/papers/requirements-based-design-and-end-to-end-dynamic-modeling-of-11d5fwtfjz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-computer-aided-design-cad-model-of-the-proposed-7lly6g8x.png Fig. 1. Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model of the proposed robotic system installed in the surgical environment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-surface-extended-screw-spiral-and-anti-backlash-nut-fquhscb2.png Fig. 6. Surface extended screw spiral and anti-backlash nut. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-a-robot-positioning-specifications-2reoqy4l.png TABLE I A-ROBOT POSITIONING SPECIFICATIONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-the-a-robot-subassembly-consisting-of-3d9xk4lk.png Fig. 2. Illustration of the A-Robot subassembly, consisting of a 6-DoF positioning hexapod and a low profile rotating stage. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-s-robot-parameters-3lc1bhjc.png TABLE IV S-ROBOT PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-transmission-parameters-162shjty.png TABLE III TRANSMISSION PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-dh-parameters-of-the-s-robot-2l4sx6dg.png TABLE II DH PARAMETERS OF THE S-ROBOT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-denavit-hartenberg-frame-assignment-for-the-3-link-s-ckxrvr5f.png Fig. 4. Denavit-Hartenberg frame assignment for the 3-link S-Robot. https://scispace.com/papers/requests-for-emergency-contraception-in-community-pharmacy-dnip0mrbtk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mystery-patient-scenarios-38n0707u.png Table 1: Mystery patient scenarios https://scispace.com/papers/requirements-driven-social-adaptation-expert-survey-4bqoa5ri5h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-challenge-degree-and-the-relevance-to-re-of-each-cfauzmaw.png Table 2. The challenge degree and the relevance to RE of each of the challenges of the first phase https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-personalised-adaptation-versus-social-adaptation-in-3is4l0zj.png Fig. 1. Personalised Adaptation Versus Social Adaptation in Self-Adaptive Software https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-confirmation-of-experts-on-the-findings-of-the-22jg4ahl.png Table 1. The confirmation of experts on the findings of the first phase https://scispace.com/papers/requirements-for-and-evaluation-of-user-support-for-large-3jusinugx9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-user-study-tasks-1rn2p0kb.png Table 3. User study tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-requirements-to-support-user-involvement-in-large-69xpup3l.png Table 2. Requirements to support user involvement in large-scale matching tasks. (supported(X); partly supported(+); special case, details in the text(*); not supported(-)) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cognitive-support-requirements-adapted-from-8-37687pr8.png Table 1. Cognitive support requirements adapted from [8]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-number-of-participants-max-8-successfully-completed-27xvh55c.png Table 4. Number of participants (max 8) successfully completed a task / Average task time per system in seconds (details in the text (*)). (- not applicable) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sus-questionnaire-scores-average-left-and-boxplot-of-160ky5pl.png Fig. 1. SUS questionnaire scores. (average (left) and boxplot of the dataset (right)) https://scispace.com/papers/requirements-for-an-integrated-uas-cns-architecture-2c7t1bpf22 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-overlapping-areas-of-service-gnrexpg9.png Figure 6 - Overlapping areas of service https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-utm-global-internetwork-service-olwlcxt6.png Figure 1 - UTM Global Internetwork Service https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-uplink-bit-rates-1blfzqvr.png Table 1. Uplink Bit Rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-downlink-bit-rates-1mosvau6.png Table 2 - Downlink Bit Rates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-multi-source-inertial-navigation-system-oltwbcri.png Figure 4 - Multi-source Inertial Navigation System Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cost-effective-certifiable-uas-computing-solution-1v1yahlf.png Figure 5 - Cost Effective Certifiable UAS Computing Solution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-uas-multilink-operation-1i5i1xqr.png Figure 2 - UAS Multilink Operation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-command-and-control-data-links-1phrfhy2.png Figure 3 - Command and Control Data Links https://scispace.com/papers/requirements-of-data-acquisition-and-analysis-for-condensed-2pz1nem3b8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-3-the-variation-of-neutron-flux-as-a-function-of-19obnkhm.png Fig. 11-3. The variation of neutron flux as a function of energy is shown for the three moderators described in Table ll-l. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-x-1-stages-and-time-schedule-necessary-to-complete-data-hhr9umjw.png Fig. X-1. Stages and time schedule necessary to complete data acquisition and analysis systems are diagrammed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-111-5-a-schematic-o-the-high-resolution-powder-diffr-21quikok.png Fig. 111-5. A schematic o' the high-resolution powder diffr-'ctometer and impor¬ tant instrument parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-i-gcle3494.png TABLE IV-I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-ix-1-the-three-states-of-data-acquisition-with-the-1274024u.png Fig. IX-1. The three states of data acquisition with the transition commands. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-i-planned-instruments-and-flight-path-assignments-1fobhhv2.png TABLE III—I. Planned Instruments and Flight Path Assignments for the WNR/PSR Facility https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-1-layout-of-the-wnr-psr-facility-condensed-matter-xath0274.png Fig. 11-1. Layout of the WNR/PSR facility. Condensed matter research uses the high-current target and several of the horizontal time-of-flight paths. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-ii-spatial-anisotropy-values-60sgqnym.png TABLE IV-I https://scispace.com/papers/rescaling-the-gsvd-with-application-to-ill-posed-problems-n5urpzbgws 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-example-5-1-average-relative-errors-in-the-26vgkk3n.png Table 5.1 Example 5.1: Average relative errors in the computed approximate solutions for the deriv2 test problem and average truncation indices for the truncated GSVD-type methods for L = L′ and noise level 10−1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-5-example-5-3-average-relative-errors-in-the-13x0q4uq.png Table 5.5 Example 5.3: Average relative errors in the computed approximate solutions for the gravity test problem and average truncation indices for the truncated GSVD-type methods for L = bL and noise level 10−2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1-example-5-2-errors-in-the-computed-approximate-2o2fqy6t.png Fig. 5.1. Example 5.2. Errors in the computed approximate solutions given by TGSVD (solid curve), TRGSVD (dash-dotted curve), and TMRGSVD (dashed curve). The curves for the TGSVD and TRGSVD methods are indistinguishable. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-3-example-5-2-relative-errors-in-the-computed-3lfig3u4.png Table 5.3 Example 5.2: Relative errors in the computed approximate solutions for the heat test problem and truncation indices for the truncated GSVD-type methods for L = L′ and noise level 10−2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-4-example-5-3-average-relative-errors-in-the-1gll6jbl.png Table 5.4 Example 5.3: Average relative errors in the computed approximate solutions for the gravity test problem and average truncation indices for the truncated GSVD-type methods for L = bL and noise level 10−1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-example-5-2-average-relative-errors-in-the-2xoaurnt.png Table 5.2 Example 5.2: Average relative errors in the computed approximate solutions for the heat test problem and average truncation indices for the truncated GSVD-type methods for L = L′ and noise level 10−2. https://scispace.com/papers/rescheduling-in-the-urban-transportation-networks-4iuj8ymonz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-solution-coding-fptcfmdo.png Figure. 1. Solution coding https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-computation-results-for-the-example-17yv3hvx.png Table 7. Computation results for the example https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-chromosome-encoding-b-chromosome-3rxsna77.png Table 1 (a) Chromosome encoding; (b) Chromosome https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameters-of-two-lines-12-13-1nl4pg3j.png Table 4 Parameters of two lines 12, 13 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-theoretical-timetables-of-the-three-lines-11-12-and-namgtt6b.png Table 2. Theoretical timetables of the three lines 11, 12, and 13. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-structure-of-network-studied-105bkx5c.png Figure. 3. Structure of network studied https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-disturbed-timetables-of-the-line-11-1xws0f8j.png Table 3. Disturbed timetables of the line 11 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parameters-of-line-11-2es4bg54.png Table 5. Parameters of line 11 https://scispace.com/papers/rescuer-fatigue-does-not-correlate-to-energy-expenditure-1yezmg46g4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-of-the-study-protocol-28cw9pcn.png Figure 1. Flow-chart of the study protocol. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-energy-expenditure-calculations-rating-of-perceived-uy7rrjp5.png Table 2. Energy expenditure calculations, rating of perceived exertion and sensation of general fatigue during CO-BLS and S-BLS procedure. * indicates statistically significant difference between the groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-basic-life-support-bls-3r7630ks.png Table 1. Characteristics of basic life support (BLS) performance in both groups. https://scispace.com/papers/rescuing-epileptic-and-behavioral-alterations-in-a-dravet-przgpdjhra 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1yfqvrzg.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cfnfxrgc.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mnw7mv9o.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3nnasnuu.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2kv7m8vt.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2dzxydiu.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/research-and-architectural-conservation-in-marina-el-alamein-1og80x4u44 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-street-running-east-from-the-forum-top-plan-showing-2gi3yxnj.png Fig. 3. Street running east from the forum: top, plan showing areas of conservation in 2017; bottom, façades of the street running east from forum, with areas of conservation in 2017 (Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission Marina el-Alamein/drawing S. Popławski, W. Grzegorek) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-room-17-of-the-roman-baths-south-of-the-main-square-knq1ipmq.png Fig. 8. Room 17 of the Roman baths south of the main square: plan and section (Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission Marina el-Alamein/drawing S. Popławski) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-roman-coin-of-vespasian-ad-76-77-from-east-of-the-i8obkfnc.png Fig. 4. Roman coin of Vespasian (AD 76/77) from east of the forum (Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission Marina el-Alamein/ photo R. Czerner) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-room-17-of-the-roman-baths-south-of-the-main-square-gdo7qgmv.png Fig. 7. Room 17 of the Roman baths south of the main square; view from the south after excavation in 2017 (Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission Marina el-Alamein/photo W. Grzegorek) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-areas-of-research-and-conservation-work-in-marina-el-3kiocdkx.png Fig. 1. Areas of research and conservation work in Marina el-Alamein in 2017 (Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission Marina el-Alamein) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-test-trench-next-to-steps-leading-to-the-southern-1n1jyz25.png Fig. 5. Test trench next to steps leading to the southern portico of the main square (Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission Marina el-Alamein/photo R. Czerner) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-finds-from-room-17-of-the-roman-baths-counterclockwise-3jdadth2.png Fig. 9. Finds from Room 17 of the Roman baths: (counterclockwise from top right) bone hairpin; bone game pawn; fragment of an oil lamp base with a producer’s inscription; terracotta bust of Isis (Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission Marina el-Alamein/photos R. Czerner) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-street-east-of-the-forum-view-from-the-east-top-before-tb15pkt3.png Fig. 6. Street east of the forum, view from the east: top, before cleaning and preservation; bottom, after cleaning and preservation in 2017 (Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission Marina el-Alamein/ photos R. Czerner) https://scispace.com/papers/resdunet-residual-dilated-unet-for-left-ventricle-1egcszziy4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-statistical-evaluation-for-resdunet-in-comparison-337t68ws.png TABLE I STATISTICAL EVALUATION FOR RESDUNET IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER SEGMENTATION MODELS (MEAN VALUE ± STANDARD DEVIATION) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-building-blocks-a-u-net-basic-building-block-b-1c8zp6rt.png Fig. 3. Building blocks. (a) U-net basic building block. (b) Residual block with squeeze and excitation added before identity mapping. (c) Squeeze and excitation unit https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-architecture-of-the-proposed-resdunet-30vcqw7z.png Fig. 2. The architecture of the proposed ResDUnet. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-segmentation-results-after-adding-each-module-rd-3bbidwt7.png TABLE II SEGMENTATION RESULTS AFTER ADDING EACH MODULE; RD:RESIDUAL BLOCKS; SE:SQUEEZE AND EXCITATION; CD:CASCADED DILATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-lv-segmentation-by-resdunet-u-net-and-deeplabv3-red-190inbut.png Fig. 4. LV segmentation by ResDUnet, U-net ,and Deeplabv3. Red contours present predicted segmentation. White contours present gold standard.(a) Apical-4 chamber at end systole phase. (b) Apical-4 chamber at end diastole phase. (c) Apical-2 chamber at end diastole phase. Image quality is shown above each column. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-echocardiographic-images-in-apical-four-chamber-view-3mz5vuri.png Fig. 1. Echocardiographic images in apical four chamber view at different quality. (a) Good quality. (b) Fair quality. (c) Poor quality. https://scispace.com/papers/research-and-development-in-information-retrieval-2y1qlrz4dx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-interrelations-of-system-dimensions-1pv32lyr.png Table 6: Interrelations of system dimensions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-interrelations-of-actualized-user-dimensions-111yc6l2.png Table 5: Interrelations of actualized user dimensions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-use-of-the-browser-back-button-vs-the-3cprzm97.png Figure 3: Use of the browser “back” button vs. the https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-interrelations-of-latent-user-dimensions-1n572ogn.png Table 4: Interrelations of latent user dimensions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cbeebies-websites-fun-and-games-screenshot-18s4rvxn.png Figure 3: Use of the browser “back” button vs. the https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-lower-bound-on-average-sentence-length-words-per-gst5p9xc.png Table 4: Interrelations of latent user dimensions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-of-the-mean-difficulty-scores-on-the-36ekykgv.png Figure 4. Results of the mean difficulty scores on the different interfaces on a scale from 1 to 5 (1=very easy, 5=very difficult) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-of-the-mean-success-scores-on-the-different-wijqxmi6.png Figure 3: Use of the browser “back” button vs. the https://scispace.com/papers/research-and-implementation-of-the-automatic-detection-45x9iiydww 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-image-preprocessing-module-design-2io5ssd2.png Figure 3. Image preprocessing module design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-image-segmentation-module-design-1yj186dc.png Figure 5. Image segmentation module design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-division-processing-image-3mrdv1x8.png Figure 6. Division processing image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-region-labeling-and-contour-drawing-23y43wo4.png Figure 7. Region-labeling and contour drawing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-particles-characteristic-parameter-calculating-3pnktqgs.png Figure 9. Particles characteristic parameter calculating result https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-process-chart-2bn500on.png Figure 1. System process chart https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-original-and-preprocessing-image-1cmd5uot.png Figure 4. Comparison of original and preprocessing image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-system-block-diagram-1cc78v5t.png Figure 2. system block diagram https://scispace.com/papers/research-and-development-spillovers-innovation-systems-and-3lafh5in42 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2b-principal-component-analysis-principal-components-6yvuyez0.png Table 2b - Principal Component Analysis: Principal Components' Coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-description-of-the-variables-2lesdyzw.png Table A-1 – Description of the variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structure-of-the-empirical-model-2uflyjjr.png Table 1 – Structure of the empirical model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-principal-component-analysis-eigenanalysi-of-the-1qvgjteq.png Table 2b - Principal Component Analysis: Principal Components' Coefficients https://scispace.com/papers/research-campaigns-in-the-uk-national-health-service-patient-76aji0ry1k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-part-of-the-landing-page-of-i-am-research-with-34p91zv7.png Figure 3 'Part of the landing page of 'I Am Research' with author annotations https://scispace.com/papers/research-highlights-from-regional-studies-in-marine-science-1kw2n87ime 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-regional-studies-in-marine-science-3dfwj53x.png Figure 2. Number of Regional Studies in Marine Science article downloads from March 2015 – April 2016. The size of ball indicates the number of downloaded full-text articles from ScienceDirect. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geographical-location-of-corresponding-authors-of-18ky2wg5.png Figure 1. Geographical location of corresponding authors of papers published in Regional Studies in Marine Science in March 2015 – April 2016. https://scispace.com/papers/research-leadership-should-clinical-directors-be-3edwp69e09 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-research-activity-in-local-health-networks-auditing-11t7x5uf.png Table 1: Research activity in local health networks: auditing the inputs and outputs of clinical research https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-executive-leaders-lifetime-citations-and-their-390iugzb.png Figure 1: Executive leaders’ lifetime citations and their university’s ranking https://scispace.com/papers/research-on-corporate-social-responsibility-in-the-3m5tdygtk7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-literature-sources-1c5ip49v.png Table 1 Summary of the literature sources https://scispace.com/papers/research-on-high-power-microwave-weapons-3881p7o6l1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-relationship-both-power-and-frequency-of-partly-pb63shvf.png Fig. 1. The relationship both power and frequency of partly HPM device https://scispace.com/papers/research-on-technological-interventions-for-young-children-1ernz21cel 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prisma-flow-diagram-of-the-scoping-reviews-process-2m4yoi2g.png Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram of the scoping review’s process, adapted from Moher et al. (2009). This figure illustrates the number of included and excluded articles for each phase. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-definitions-of-levels-of-support-and-target-skills-23n79v2g.png Table 3 Definitions of Levels of Support and Target Skills https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-keywords-by-concepts-39u9i8xs.png Table 1 Keywords by Concepts https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-definitions-of-types-of-technological-interventions-1it2n4p4.png Table 2 Definitions of types of technological interventions and types of devices used https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-proportions-of-studies-by-their-level-of-support-2g0xb3ym.png Figure 3. Proportions of studies by their level of support, settings and single-case designs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proportions-of-studies-by-types-of-devices-types-of-lsa1ddi4.png Figure 2. Proportions of studies by types of devices, types of interventions and targeted skills studied. https://scispace.com/papers/research-on-the-method-of-solving-kinematics-parameters-of-1t4vtj8tv7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-program-flow-chart-for-adaptively-selecting-the-size-3ras3va4.png Fig. 4 Program flow chart for adaptively selecting the size of time step https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-history-curve-of-the-magnitude-of-acceleration-1sgpstzx.png Fig. 3 History curve of the magnitude of acceleration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-history-curve-of-expected-acceleration-with-three-non-1qrl6xw1.png Fig. 19 History curve of expected acceleration with three non-zero components https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-acceleration-error-of-the-inverse-kinematics-solution-mpi77a79.png Fig. 17 Acceleration error of the inverse kinematics solution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-calculated-kinematic-parameters-nj2r6zkn.png Fig. 20 Calculated kinematic parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-angular-velocity-of-axis-1-the-method-of-fixed-time-1a8xwrij.png Fig. 18 Angular velocity of Axis 1 (the method of fixed time step) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-expected-acceleration-history-curve-werzwaus.png Fig. 5 Expected acceleration history curve https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-calculated-kinematic-parameters-of-the-centrifuge-1rv6htp1.png Fig. 6 Calculated kinematic parameters of the centrifuge https://scispace.com/papers/research-portfolio-analysis-in-science-policy-moving-from-54nb1h6twd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-density-map-obtained-from-co-occurrence-of-terms-1v14xbz2.png Figure 3: Density map obtained from co-occurrence of terms contained through "research portfolio" web search. Note the variety of contexts, from employment to innovation, as well as the diverse sectors: health (bottom right), universities (center/bottom left), government (center), and industry (top right). Red (darker) represents higher density and the font size is proportional to the number of occurrences of a term. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-roadmap-of-this-review-of-existing-practices-and-2ylxg0fr.png Table 1. Roadmap of this review of existing practices and literature (sections 3 to 6).7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-representation-of-contrasting-states-of-36hka59o.png Figure 4: Schematic representation of contrasting states of incomplete knowledge (adapted from Stirling & Scoones, 2009) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-main-graph-number-of-publications-related-to-2woegh8e.png Figure 1: Main graph: Number of publications related to research portfolios in titles, keywords and abstracts in scientific literature (Web of Knowledge). Inset: Data expressed as a ratio of total number of documents present in the Web of Knowledge database (approx. 2.2M in 2013), to show that the increase is not an artefact due to overall database size6 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-map-created-from-the-co-occurrence-network-of-terms-2f9bdc13.png Figure 2. Map created from the co-occurrence network of terms found in scholarly articles on "research portfolios" in the Web of Science for the period, using the software VOSViewer. The red cluster (left side) corresponds largely to the literature on management of private-sector R&D, the green cluster (top right side) corresponds to biomedical research portfolios, while the blue cluster (bottom right) corresponds to broader science policy issues, with a focus on health. https://scispace.com/papers/research-productivity-and-academics-conceptions-of-research-1a54x6zro8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-the-sample-24gcbt30.png Table 2 Description of the sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-of-anova-and-post-hoc-test-for-conceptions-198x4ulc.png Table 6 Results of ANOVA and post hoc test for conceptions by research productivity (combined Australian and English data) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-results-of-t-test-for-conceptions-by-research-1b8cqaej.png Table 7 Results of t test for conceptions by research activeness https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-three-levels-of-research-productivity-by-discipline-1hqpk9v9.png Table 3 Three levels of research productivity by discipline https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-research-productivity-and-identity-1sdbrubj.png Table 4 Research productivity and identity (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-results-of-t-test-for-conceptions-by-doctorates-2uulpqaw.png Table 10 Results of t test for conceptions by doctorates https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-results-of-t-test-for-conceptions-by-research-team-g4o3o8hk.png Table 9 Results of t test for conceptions by research team outside the university https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relationships-between-conceptions-of-research-brew-mmwvej98.png Table 1 Relationships between conceptions of research (Brew 2001, p. 281) https://scispace.com/papers/researchers-under-the-spell-of-the-arts-two-decades-of-using-5gqd7jtlu9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cjx04s7e.png Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-arts-based-methods-y86y47ll.png Table 2. Arts-based methods. https://scispace.com/papers/researching-islamic-law-an-introduction-1plr206dgg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2pu449cc.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/researching-primary-engineering-education-uk-perspectives-an-3jrpk5qnul 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-elementary-engineering-education-a-conceptual-mhxldija.png Figure 1: Elementary Engineering Education: A Conceptual Framework https://scispace.com/papers/reseeding-based-test-set-embedding-with-reduced-test-3fa2nhmy3k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-window-of-l-states-omyzzprc.png Figure 1. A window of L states https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-proposed-window-segmentation-technique-1lklq3ut.png Figure 2. The proposed window segmentation technique https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-test-sequence-length-and-rom-bits-comparisons-3t0riaax.png Table 2. Test-sequence length and ROM bits comparisons https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-results-of-the-proposed-technique-3oe307ed.png Table 1. The results of the proposed technique https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-number-of-seeds-versus-window-size-for-s1238-1x59pip2.png Figure 5. Number of seeds versus window size for s1238 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-proposed-test-sequence-reduction-scheme-3uc7akxq.png Figure 4. The proposed test-sequence-reduction scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rearrangement-technique-a-initial-windows-b-windows-w6fivyvi.png Figure 3. Rearrangement technique: a) Initial windows, b) Windows https://scispace.com/papers/reserve-costs-allocation-model-for-energy-and-reserve-market-1cc2zkko6o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-day-ahead-market-results-2c90qpak.png Figure 4. Day-ahead market results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-symmetric-pool-adapted-from-6-3srotzs4.png Figure 2. Symmetric pool, adapted from [6] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-day-ahead-spot-market-bid-curves-for-period-20-xeafhnbq.png Figure 5. Day-ahead spot market bid curves for period 20 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-reserve-market-supply-bid-curve-for-period-20-2sp33fpn.png Figure 6. Reserve market supply bid curve for period 20 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-asymmetric-pool-adapted-from-6-2nmfy2vr.png Figure 3. Asymmetric pool, adapted from [6] https://scispace.com/papers/reserving-by-conditioning-on-markers-of-individual-claims-a-4p0m595k0p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-frequencies-of-observed-w-s-for-bi-and-md-claims-1s0k41hz.png Table 5: Frequencies of observed W ’s for BI and MD claims. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-micro-level-data-set-3mv9x3m9.png Table 2: Micro–level data set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-quantile-binning-5k5q2whb.png Figure 1: Quantile binning https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-incremental-run-off-triangle-for-md-in-thousands-the-3t5w1uwx.png Table 4: Incremental run-off triangle for MD (in thousands). The observed aggregate payments from the validation data set are in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-incremental-run-off-triangle-for-bi-in-thousands-the-1hhgvi4i.png Table 3: Incremental run-off triangle for BI (in thousands). The observed aggregate payments from the validation data set are in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-summary-statistics-of-group-sizes-from-which-1btlbf5t.png Table 10: Summary statistics of group sizes from which payments are simulated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-predictive-results-in-thousands-stochastic-rdc-first-o1rmumph.png Table 9: Predictive results (in thousands) stochastic RDC (first three rows of BI and MD), predictive results bootstrap Over Dispersed Poisson chain-ladder (‘ODP CL’) method (fourth row), deterministic RDC (fifth row) and the observed reserve until August 2009 (sixth row) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rbns-left-ibnr-middle-and-total-right-kernel-3rqbvv0o.png Figure 4: RBNS (left), IBNR (middle) and total (right) kernel density estimate of the MD reserve distribution (10,000 simulations). The dotted line in the right plot represents the bootstrap chain-ladder predictive distribution (10,000 simulations, process distribution: Over Dispersed Poisson). https://scispace.com/papers/reservoir-and-reservoir-less-pressure-effects-on-arterial-nf1jt2iec7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-averaged-values-of-wave-speed-and-intensity-1pqyvub2.png Table 2. Averaged values of wave speed and intensity parameters calculated using Pe and P and their percentage ratio at control and during occlusion at the levels of the thoracic, diaphragm, abdominal and iliac arteries. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proximal-aortic-pulse-pressures-and-diastolic-31x47izw.png Table 1. Proximal aortic pulse pressures and diastolic pressure at control and during occlusion at the levels of the thoracic, diaphragm, abdominal and iliac arteries. https://scispace.com/papers/reservoir-formation-damage-during-hydrate-dissociation-in-4n2zzhegxr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-mineral-component-analysis-of-the-particles-on-3hqkcrda.png FIGURE 13 Mineral component analysis of the particles on filter paper after reservoir formation damage by SEM and EDS https://scispace.com/papers/reservoir-bank-deformation-modeling-application-to-grangent-1de9n956yg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-p32-profile-modeling-using-courlis-liding-j8ocvwo5.png Fig. 8. P32 profile modeling using Courlis~ liding! https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-p32-profile-modeling-using-courlis-erosion-and-2ydafoi7.png Fig. 7. P32 profile modeling using Courlis~erosion and deposition! https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mud-bank-at-profile-p32-reservoir-elevation-406-m-3ff1usdx.png Fig. 4. Mud bank at profile P32~reservoir elevation: 406 m December 1995! https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mud-bank-at-profile-p32-reservoir-elevation-404-m-apr-1p4z28au.png Fig. 5. Mud bank at profile P32~reservoir elevation: 404 m, Apr 1996! https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-flat-slidings-according-to-water-level-on-loire-banks-89238su9.png Fig. 6. Flat slidings according to water level on Loire banks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-p33-profile-modeling-using-ceih1xrf.png Fig. 11. P33 profile modeling using https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-trapezoid-flat-sliding-2u8tjjjs.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the trapezoid flat sliding https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-p31-profile-modeling-using-courlis-erosion-deposition-2hjg4vbi.png Fig. 10. P31 profile modeling using Courlis~erosion–deposition–sliding coupling! https://scispace.com/papers/reservoir-scale-reactive-transport-modeling-of-a-buoyancy-3g3dtsthjo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numerical-model-grid-spatial-discretization-see-3k67lse8.png Table 1 Numerical model grid spatial discretization (see Figure 2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-predicted-total-overall-porosity-change-after-3-2oabw71a.png Figure 7. Predicted total (overall) porosity change after 3 years of injection and 97 years post-injection in Case A and Case B1 (volume fraction units). The injection interval is at Z = -1010 to -1007 m BMSL, centered at X = 837.5 m. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-concentrations-of-primary-minerals-specified-in-the-3o4633jm.png Table 4. Concentrations of primary minerals specified in the simulations (wt %). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-predicted-formation-water-ph-after-3-and-100-years-23zoudak.png Figure 4. Predicted formation water pH after 3 and 100 years for Cases A, B, and B1, after injection of CO2 with impurities at base-case concentrations. White line separates lower from upper Precipice Sandstone. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-model-hydrologic-properties-see-table-2-for-a-a83h7n83.png Table 3. Model hydrologic properties (see Table 2 for a description of the simulated cases). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-se-queensland-showing-major-co2-emission-39xkyw5h.png Figure 1. Map of SE Queensland showing major CO2 emission points in form of coal fired power plants and the Glenhaven Site within the EPQ7 tenement. Figure kindly provided by CTSCo. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-1-minerals-and-their-kinetic-data-used-in-1c0wbr0v.png Table 3.3-1. Minerals and their kinetic data used in simulations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distribution-of-ph-so42-and-no3-for-case-a-after-r5tfpxwi.png Figure 5. Distribution of pH, SO42- and NO3- for Case A after three years of CO2 injection with concentrations of 100 ppmv SO2, 100 ppmv NO2, and 1000 ppmv O2 in the injected CO2. Note the pH minimum and SO42- and NO3- enrichments near the well because of reactions (1–3). White line separates lower from upper Precipice Sandstone. https://scispace.com/papers/residence-permits-and-points-systems-new-forms-of-4g0dewz1lk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-points-scheme-for-applying-to-primary-schools-in-6h5d33en.png Table 2. Points scheme for applying to primary schools in Luohu District, 2016-1794 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-minimum-entry-thresholds-of-selected-luohu-primary-21wevhye.png Table 3. Minimum entry thresholds of selected Luohu primary schools, 2015-1795 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-school-allocation-policy-of-shanghais-compulsory-2bpfq680.png Table 1 School allocation policy of Shanghai’s compulsory enrolment93 https://scispace.com/papers/residence-time-distribution-in-a-biomass-pretreatment-2vsvu48tk8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-used-operating-conditions-2mziomqe.png Table 3 - The used operating conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-molar-conductivities-of-na-h3o-ypubervu.png Table 4 - Molar conductivities of Na+, H3O https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-input-and-output-signals-and-rtd-function-in-the-1yz5n57f.png Fig. 5 - Input and output signals and RTD function in the reactor - Test 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-input-and-output-signals-and-rtd-function-in-the-1hs27i9o.png Fig. 6 - Input and output signals and RTD function in the reactor - Test 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-na-concentration-in-the-aqueous-flow-as-function-of-2rsby3w8.png Fig. 4 - Na+ concentration in the aqueous flow as function of time - Tests 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-of-the-cstr-and-adm-models-with-rtd-curve-2g5u6xbu.png Fig. 9 - Comparison of the CSTR and ADM models with RTD curve- Test 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-main-screw-systems-of-the-literature-1fiyt5ck.png Table 1 - Summary of the main screw systems of the literature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-between-four-salt-type-tracers-2880j9w8.png Table 2 - Comparison between four salt type tracers. https://scispace.com/papers/resident-and-nurse-reports-of-potential-adverse-drug-1ia7fcdt0q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-of-the-research-population-16igf2gf.png Figure 1: Flow of the research population https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-medication-prescriptions-with-potential-adverse-drug-3agqo37a.png Table 3: Medication prescriptions with potential adverse drug reactions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-resident-and-nurse-reports-of-adverse-drug-reactions-zt4otnkz.png Table 4: Resident and nurse reports of adverse drug reactions * The significance level of the difference between resident and nurse reports of the 17 selected adverse drug reactions, was calculated with McNemar tests. * indicates significance levels <0.05; Exact values are reported in figure 3; https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-differences-in-of-reports-of-potential-adverse-drug-3a42bzhh.png Figure 4: differences in % of reports of potential adverse drug reactions in residents with hand without a theoretical risk for the adverse drug reactions, based on their medication use. None of the differences was significant (chi-square). Analyses with groups <10 residents were excluded. The size of the remaining groups ranged [10, 68]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selection-of-adverse-drug-reactions-adrs-to-assess-3ry954r6.png Table 1: Selection of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to assess the presence of ADRs in nursing home residents; https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-agreement-and-disagreement-between-nurse-and-20fjtzrj.png Figure 3: Agreement and disagreement between nurse and resident reports. Agreement: The resident and the nurse report were the same. Disagreement: The resident and the nurse report were different. PRO: Patient Reported Outcome – The report of the resident. Positive: The potential adverse drug reaction is present. Negative: The potential adverse drug reaction is not present. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographic-data-and-medication-use-of-the-residents-n850hudl.png Table 2: Demographic data and medication use of the residents https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-frequency-distribution-of-the-number-of-potential-1rsngzzm.png Figure 2: Frequency distribution of the number of potential adverse drug reactions related to the residents’ medication use. (denominator= 17 selected ADRs) https://scispace.com/papers/residential-and-commercial-buildings-data-book-third-edition-1gvegrjarh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-new-residential-construction-in-the-u-s-1973-1986-2ieszeav.png FIGURE 3.1 New Residential Construction in the U.S., 1973- 1986 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-12-space-heating-fuels-used-in-new-single-family-1rclh5n9.png TABLE 3.12 Space Heating Fuels Used in New Single Family Homes, Western Region, 1966 - 1986 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-8-average-residential-energy-consumption-in-the-3m4u2xrd.png TABLE 6.8 Average Residential Energy Consumption in the Southern Region, April 1984 through March 1985 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-13-average-square-footage-in-all-new-multi-family-1xi5tyv1.png TABLE 4.13 Average Square Footage in All New Multi-Family Units (Thousands of Units) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-number-of-new-multi-family-buildings-by-region-261sgtqy.png FIGURE 4.3 Number of New Multi-Family Buildings, by Region https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-14-cooling-fuels-and-systems-in-commercial-buildings-1jfh20c9.png TABLE 7.14 Cooling Fuels and Systems in Commercial Buildings, 1983 (Percentages for Number of Buildings) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-25-air-conditioning-in-new-multi-family-units-north-3fukelsu.png TABLE 4.25 Air Conditioning in New Multi-Family Units, North Central Region https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-average-floor-space-per-unit-in-new-single-family-1o7o2bwb.png TABLE 3.4 Average Floor Space Per Unit in New Single Family Homes, Northeast Region, 1971 - 1986 https://scispace.com/papers/residential-broadband-availability-evidence-from-kentucky-1jgxsvq4am 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-residential-broadband-availability-regressions-north-3ngixji5.png Table 4. Residential Broadband Availability Regressions: North Carolina https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-residential-broadband-availability-regressions-38haquv9.png Table 3. Residential Broadband Availability Regressions: Kentucky https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-convergence-of-residential-broadband-availability-21feuajo.png Figure 1. Convergence of Residential Broadband Availability in Kentucky, 2005-2008 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-convergence-of-residential-broadband-availability-z2itkb2g.png Figure 2. Convergence of Residential Broadband Availability in North Carolina, 2002-2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-residential-broadband-availability-in-kentucky-2005-2slcdwjw.png Table 1. Residential Broadband Availability in Kentucky, 2005 and 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-changes-in-broadband-availability-kentucky-and-north-3oosq1fo.png Table 5. Changes in Broadband Availability, Kentucky and North Carolina https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-residential-broadband-availability-in-north-carolina-2h2mc7ij.png Table 2. Residential Broadband Availability in North Carolina, 2002 and 2007 https://scispace.com/papers/residual-activation-of-accelerator-components-8rb2fpd7y1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-expansion-coefficients-for-slabs-and-solid-cylinders-3396idkr.png Table 1: Expansion coefficients for slabs and solid cylinders (left) as well as for hollow cylinders (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-fitting-parametersb-andc-from-eq-2-vs-atomic-ngivrhsw.png Figure 2: Left—Fitting parametersB andC from Eq. (2)vs atomic mass. The circles are results of calculations and thelines are results of fitting. Right—Dose attenuation function,f (d), calculated according to Eqs. (8)-(10) (lines) and with theMCNP code (symbols) in the air around aluminum cylinders of diameterD vs the radial distance from the side surface of the cylinder,= r−R. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-an-example-ofo-factor-dependence-on-mass-of-a-o8b9bxj1.png Figure 1: Left—An example ofω-factor dependence on mass of a target nucleus for three energy groups andTi=30 days and Tc=1 day. Normalization is perstar/cm3/s for E > 20 MeV, and perneutron/cm2/s for the other groups. The symbols represent results of a previous study [8] and the curve is an interpolation of the results of the study and those of an earlier one [10]for the high energy group.Right—The calculated scaling factors,RG, for slabs of various materials. The lines are drawn to guidethe eye. https://scispace.com/papers/residual-and-fracture-strains-of-bi2223-filaments-and-their-oafi74p4t8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-geometry-of-the-cross-section-and-the-definition-of-x-2on723gi.png FIG. 6. Geometry of the cross section, and the definition of x and y. Under applied bending strain, the damage of the Bi2223 filaments in the core occurs first at ycore,max when bending strain reaches B,irr. For the bending strain beyond B,irr, the damage front moves to y1, y2, and y3 at the bending strains B,1, B,2, and B,3, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-schematic-representation-of-the-relation-of-the-damage-3tvlm1ve.png FIG. 7. Schematic representation of the relation of the damage extension to the bending strain B . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-measured-change-of-critical-current-ic-ic0-with-1vlrf3k0.png FIG. 8. Measured change of critical current Ic / Ic0 with bending strain B , together with the calculated one solid curve . The open circles show the average and the error bars show the maximum and minimum values measured for six test specimens. In this experiment, the specimens were bent at RT 2 and cooled down to 77 K 2 , at which the critical current was measured. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-transverse-cross-section-of-the-composite-tape-a-shows-dtq4kuz0.png FIG. 1. Transverse cross section of the composite tape. a shows the asobserved optical micrograph. b shows the modified micrograph, in which the thickness direction is three times enlarged from a . The broken curve in b shows the shape of the core. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-thermal-history-of-the-sample-31a1ti08.png FIG. 2. Thermal history of the sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-measured-change-of-the-normalized-critical-current-ic-ho44mr94.png FIG. 10. Measured change of the normalized critical current Ic / Ic0 with increasing applied tensile strain T on composite and estimated irreversible strain T,irr. In this experiment, the samples were pulled in tension at 77 K and the critical current was successively measured at the same temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-calculated-residual-strain-change-of-each-constituent-3ct3d753.png FIG. 9. Calculated residual strain change of each constituent during cooling from RT 2 to 77 K 2 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-change-of-strain-bi-of-bi2223-filaments-with-applied-2yay7alz.png FIG. 4. Change of strain Bi of Bi2223 filaments with applied tensile strain T at room temperature RT 2 in Fig. 2 , measured with the x-ray diffraction method. https://scispace.com/papers/residual-current-devices-4q2mszxipc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-situation-of-d1-and-d2-2gr5hlse.png Figure 3. Situation of D1 and D2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-main-elements-of-a-rcd-source-5-rppzkmcg.png Figure 1. Main elements of a RCD (Source: [5]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-graphical-representation-for-the-selectivity-1tb384ag.png Figure 4. Graphical representation for the selectivity condition between D1 and D2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-current-characteristic-curve-of-a-rcd-1xz34iw6.png Figure 2. Time-current characteristic curve of a RCD https://scispace.com/papers/residual-dilated-network-with-attention-for-image-blind-3manc5agm5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-visual-comparison-of-denoising-an-image-from-set68-at-3l2upwf4.png Fig. 5. Visual comparison of denoising an image from “Set68” at σ = 25. The meaning of Ra–Rf can be found in Section 4.3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-framework-of-our-residual-dilated-attention-nzjltzko.png Fig. 1. The framework of our residual dilated attention network (RDAN). RDAB and RCAB denote residual dilated attention block and residual conv attention block, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-left-res-block-right-dilated-block-245rjmle.png Fig. 3. Left: Res-block. Right: Dilated-block. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-rdab-residual-dilated-attention-block-right-rcab-dehufnw8.png Fig. 2. Left: RDAB (Residual Dilated Attention Block). Right: RCAB (Residual Conv Attention Block). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-for-the-gaussian-denoising-grey-level-1k5z54iq.png Table 1. Comparison for the Gaussian denoising (grey-level). Training and testing protocols are as in [7]. We evaluate the mean PSNR (dB) on the “Set12” and “BSD68” datasets; the best performance is shown in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-for-the-gaussian-denoising-color-level-we-1isndxlp.png Table 2. Comparison for the Gaussian denoising (color-level). We evaluate the mean PSNR(dB) on the “BSD68C” dataset; the best performance is shown in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-noise-level-discretizing-3ij72h82.png Table 3. Noise level discretizing https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ablation-study-on-different-components-of-our-25a8x88i.png Table 4. Ablation study on different components of our proposed RDAN framework at “BSD68” dataset. Ra and Rd performs the best in terms of PSNR/dB, but Rd spent more time than Ra. WA: the Net without attention; WRD: the Net without RDAB; WRC: the Net without RCAB; SRD: the Net with a single RDAB; and SRC: the Net with a single RCAB. https://scispace.com/papers/residual-strength-of-grp-laminates-with-multiple-randomly-3143lxj0hf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-between-experimental-and-simulated-load-191jk7ie.png Figure 5: Comparison between experimental and simulated load-deflection response for hole configuration 20-1. Contour graphs show the in-plane strain field in the loading direction slightly prior peak load. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparisons-of-experimentally-measured-failure-1xm5dbii.png Figure 6: Comparisons of experimentally measured failure loads and finite element model failure load predictions for (a) quadri-axial laminates and (b) triaxial laminates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-graphs-of-panel-7-p7-a-pre-tensile-test-photograph-3rzehh6m.png Figure 14: Graphs of Panel 7 (P7); (a) Pre tensile test photograph (b) Minimum masking around holes only (c) Maximum masking including all de amination https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-graphs-of-panel-6-p6-a-pre-tensile-test-photograph-2ic50cap.png Figure 13: Graphs of Panel 6 (P6); (a) Pre tensile test photograph (b) Minimum masking around holes only (c) Maximum masking including all de amination https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-graphs-of-panel-3-p3-a-pre-tensile-test-photograph-il2awmwr.png Figure 11: Graphs of Panel 3 (P3); (a) Pre tensile test photograph (b) Minimum masking around holes only (c) Maximum masking including all de amination https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-graphs-of-panel-5-p5-a-pre-tensile-test-photograph-90glcnck.png Figure 12: Graphs of Panel 5 (P5); (a) Pre tensile test photograph (b) Minimum masking around holes only (c) Maximum masking including all de amination https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-laminate-configuration-and-thickness-1j4sjf08.png Table 1: Laminate configuration and thickness https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hole-configurations-that-were-tested-in-the-2479x97r.png Table 2: Hole configurations that were tested in the experimental programme https://scispace.com/papers/residual-metabolic-tumor-activity-after-chemo-radiotherapy-5a7lbp1309 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-suv-volume-histograms-a-represents-the-suv-1l4lvh5n.png Fig. 2. Average SUV–volume histograms. (A) Represents the SUV–volume histograms based on the pre-treatment PET-data for the voxels within the pre-treatment PET-based tumor contour (dark gray boxes) as well as the non-rigid registered follow-up PET-based tumor contour (light gray boxes) projected onto the pre-treatment PET–CT scan. Note the large decrease of the amount of voxels within the low SUV-bins (SUVbin 1–3) compared to stable amounts of voxels within the high SUVbins (SUVbin 7–10). The residual fractions of the voxels within the SUVbins are displayed (B), indicating that the metabolic active residual tumor mainly consists of tumor cells with relatively high FDG uptake levels prior to treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-displays-the-pre-treatment-pet-ct-scan-of-a-patient-3c680c0q.png Fig. 1. (A) Displays the pre-treatment PET–CT scan of a patient with a large air pocket o PET–CT scans are presented in, respectively, (B) and (C). The tumor contour resulting from rigid registered PET-based contour of the residual tumor jprojected on the pre-treatmen https://scispace.com/papers/residual-stress-generation-in-brazed-tungsten-dissimilar-4bcoqqprlp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-finite-element-mesh-at-interface-2y8eo8mx.png Figure 5 – Finite Element mesh at interface https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-material-properties-used-for-fea-3hapabx3.png Table 1 - Material properties used for FEA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-fea-predicted-residual-stress-in-w-agcu-cu-2zlmwp9e.png Figure 6 - FEA predicted residual stress in W-AgCu-Cu https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-tungsten-316l-brazed-joint-residual-stress-3elx9j8r.png Figure 10 Tungsten - 316L brazed joint residual stress https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sample-b-axial-misalignment-left-photograph-right-34h10di3.png Figure 9 – Sample B axial misalignment - Left: Photograph Right: SEM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-brazed-w-aucu-cu-specimen-3mbqakpt.png Figure 1 – Brazed W-AuCu-Cu specimen https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-xrd-angles-and-rotations-uay5ze34.png Figure 4 – XRD angles and rotations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-residual-stress-measurement-positions-on-tungsten-adyjvv6p.png Figure 3 - Residual stress measurement positions on tungsten component. Left: circumferential orientation. Right: axial position and dimensions https://scispace.com/papers/residual-wage-inequality-in-urban-china-1995-2007-19j0wlpemr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-wage-inequality-and-residual-inequality-1p09sygg.png Table 1 Wage inequality and residual inequality https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-juhn-murphy-pierce-decomposition-3n39gt2n.png Table 2 Juhn-Murphy-Pierce decomposition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6b-within-group-inequality-for-female-2005-1cgqeq60.png Figure 6b Within-Group Inequality for Female, 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6a-within-group-inequality-for-male-2005-1u5d83zt.png Figure 6b Within-Group Inequality for Female, 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-within-group-variance-and-composition-change-male-1x2ohv26.png Table 3 Within-group variance and composition change, male https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-explain-the-rising-residual-inequality-rsnv9q8m.png Table 7 Explain the rising residual inequality https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3a-factual-and-counterfactual-residual-distributions-2uuc98rt.png Figure 3b Factual and Counterfactual Residual Distributions (MM), female https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-decomposition-results-1uqb8nta.png Table 6 Decomposition results https://scispace.com/papers/residual-ultimate-strength-of-cracked-steel-unstiffened-and-3b56lrpvht 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-2-stc50-3gg7bgqe.png Fig. 8-2. STC50% https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-unstiffened-and-stiffened-plate-elements-3o2a961v.png Fig. 1. Unstiffened and stiffened plate elements https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-typical-mesh-generations-left-side-coarse-mesh-right-5soojvi1.png Fig. 5. Typical mesh generations (left side: Coarse Mesh, right side: Fine Mesh) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-values-of-the-ultimate-strength-for-the-models-stc-17yd2shh.png Table 5 Values of the ultimate strength for the models ‘STC’ and ‘STCW’ having different crack lengths in comparison with the ultimate strength of the model ‘REF’ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-effect-of-the-crack-length-on-the-analysis-results-3oyo8b0b.png Fig. 13. Effect of the crack length on the analysis results for the model ‘STCW’. (a) nondimensional average stressaverage strain curves (b)-(g) deflection modes, and spreads of yielding (in MPa) at ultimate strength level (with magnification of ×5) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-1-uncracked-plate-model-3lf3sf4s.png Fig. 7-1. uncracked plate model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-2-utc50-33123sjv.png Fig. 7-2. UTC50% https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-models-for-analysis-3q0k4cnc.png Table 1 Models for analysis https://scispace.com/papers/residuals-and-influence-in-regression-3mdjwshz7u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-5-1-agricultural-data-xfqbbv82.png Figure 2.5.3 Added variable plot for the score statistic, agricultural data https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-1-a-hypotheticc-l-e-uartiple-1l3kldfj.png Table 3.1.1 A hypotheticc~l e.uartiple https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-1-cloud-seeding-data-source-woodley-et-a-1977-2q433h0c.png Table 1.1.1 Cloud seeding data. Source: Woodley et a / . (1977) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-5-3-added-variable-plot-for-the-score-statistic-78nnqddt.png Figure 2.5.3 Added variable plot for the score statistic, agricultural data https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-4-3-regressiot-s-rnltnariesjbr-two-n-odels-tree-2lh9jhj2.png Table 2.4.3 Regressiot~ s~rnltnariesjbr two n~odels, tree dirri~ https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3-1-jetf-ighter-datn-source-s-ta-t-ley-and-miller-1-27jusnzh.png Table 2.3.1 Jetf ighter datn. Source: S ta t~ ley and Miller ( 1 9 7 9 ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-5-1-p-4-w2-versus-bc-cloud-seeding-data-standard-258h9d2f.png Figure 5.5.1 p,4(w2) versus bc,, cloud seeding data. Standard error at ,s, = 1 1 1 I I is approximately 0.07 I I https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-5-3-agricultural-data-source-carter-et-al-1951-a-28c5uzgf.png Table 2.5.3 Agricultural data. Source: Carter et al. (1951). (a) Data. (b) Normed residuals. (c) Analysis of variance https://scispace.com/papers/resilience-against-brute-force-and-rainbow-table-attacks-marp3m8s9j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-threat-model-rainbow-table-attack-2gzzp7m3.png Figure 4. Threat Model-Rainbow Table Attack https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-attacks-on-icmetrics-keys-20n0ubo4.png Figure 1. Attacks on ICMetrics Keys https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-high-entropy-key-pair-generation-scheme-10-17kvbsb1.png Figure 3. High Entropy Key Pair Generation Scheme [10] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-threat-model-brute-force-attack-2hr8ipza.png Figure 2. Threat Model-Brute Force Attack https://scispace.com/papers/resilience-analysis-a-mathematical-formulation-to-model-4o73ufv2p5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1-1-shows-a-typical-recovery-curve-used-in-the-18z5w2xc.png Fig. 2.1.1 shows a typical recovery curve used in the literature to quantify resilience (Bocchini et al. 2012; Bonstrom and Corotis 2014; Cimellaro et al. 2010). An external shock (e.g., an earthquake) at time τI causes an instantaneous reduction in system’s performance indicator, ^ Q (τ) (e.g., the system’s functionality.) The residual performance of the system, Qres, depends on the intensity of the shock, design specifications, and the reliability of the system. Subsequently, the system undergoes a recovery process to restore a desired performance level (e.g., the original functionality or a higher one, if desired.) After meeting the desired requirements, the recovery process terminates at time τL. The different factors affecting resilience, listed earlier, influence the shape of the recovery curve as well as the duration of the process, TR := τL − τI . Resilience of the system is typically quantified as a function of the shaded area in Fig. 2.1.1. Mathematically, the typical resilience metric (see, for example,Bonstrom and Corotis 2014; Cimellaro et al. 2010; Decò et al. 2013) is defined as https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-3-complementary-cdf-of-tr-p-tr-t-ix0e4ckm.png Figure 7.3: Complementary CDF of TR, P (TR > t) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-sample-paths-of-the-time-dependent-capacity-left-ug0b7qz8.png Figure 4.1: Sample paths of the time-dependent capacity (left) and demand (right) models under joint effects of the recovery and interrupting shocks https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-1-assumed-distributions-for-the-model-illustration-22jmaznu.png Table 7.1: Assumed distributions for the model illustration https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-2-resilience-metrics-obtained-for-input-parameters-2hp85mni.png Table 7.2: Resilience metrics obtained for input parameters in Table 7.1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-the-three-phases-of-the-recovery-process-in-the-2iq0zix7.png Figure 3.1: The three phases of the recovery process in the aftermath of a disruption are 1) recovery planning, 2) recovery execution, and 3) recovery closure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-the-recovery-process-affects-different-system-1ixvpg3o.png Figure 3.2: The recovery process affects different system performance indicators differently https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-durations-and-precedence-for-activities-in-a-21h01jlh.png Table 6.1: Durations and Precedence for activities in a sample recovery process for network in Fig. 6.1 https://scispace.com/papers/resilience-as-a-moderator-of-stress-and-burnout-a-study-of-18tiykbeln 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-inter-correlation-matrix-for-respondents-on-key-2fpa0yq5.png Table 4 Inter-correlation matrix for respondents on key variables of the study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-one-way-anova-summary-table-for-subject-dimensions-3juani5p.png Table 2 One way ANOVA summary table for subject dimensions by age of respondents https://scispace.com/papers/resilience-and-evolvability-of-protein-protein-interaction-1jhvfqnt8a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ribosomal-networks-of-three-model-species-these-3dgyg2bk.png Figure 2: Ribosomal networks of three model species. These species have ribosomal interaction networks that span a range of different network structures. Colours in this plot depict detected communities in the networks—nodes of a given colour are more likely to connect to other nodes of that colour. Node size is proportional to gene expression. (A) S. cerevisiae ribosomal network. (B) E. coli ribsomoal network. (C) H. sapiens ribosomal network. Panels (D), (E), and (F) show the gene expression distribution for the three model ribosomal networks discussed in the paper. Panels (G), (H), and (I) shows the gene expression against node degree on a scatter plot for the three networks respectively. To accentuate clusters of nodes that share degree and gene expression attributes, the points in these plots share the same color as their corresponding nodes in Figure 2. Of particular note: the gene expression distribution of these three networks are skewed and non-uniform, often referred to as heavy-tailed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-prospective-resilience-and-randomized-gene-2wdkhzhv.png Figure 6: Prospective resilience and randomized gene expression. Here, we ask whether the specific gene expression of the proteins in these three networks is driving the high prospective resilience of the expression-based attachment rule or whether merely attaching based on a shuffled gene expression distribution could bring about these results. In each of the three panels above, we see that the prospective resilience of the networks increases simply by increasing the fraction of nodes with shuffled gene expressions. Note: for the three panels above, each new node joins with m “ 5 for S. cerevisiae and E. coli, and m “ 6 for H. sapiens. These values were selected so that the slope of the prospective resilience would be closest to 0.0 when the gene expression was not shuffled (0% shuffled). See Table 2 for how the correlation between a node’s degree and its gene expression changes as noise increases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-preferential-attachment-and-resilience-shannon-26agpqem.png Figure 8: Preferential attachment and resilience. Shannon Diversity changes as nodes are removed from random attachment networks of 100 nodes for different values of α (Figures 8A, 8C, and 8E). The resilience values for the preferential attachment networks corresponding to the left plot are shown in Figures 8B, 8D, and 8F. The difference between the rows of plots are the number of dangling edges, m, a node has as it enters the network when the network is being generated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ancova-results-for-pairwise-prospective-modularity-2fnz7b6t.png Table 4: ANCOVA results for pairwise prospective modularity slope comparisons in Figure 5. Many comparisons are significant based on the Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold (p ă 0.0166). Cohen’s d was calculated from the ANCOVA’s F -statistic for each comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-basic-network-measures-of-the-three-networks-studied-2gkuelum.png Table 1: Basic network measures of the three networks studied. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-erdos-renyi-and-resilience-shannon-diversity-3fpbfw6a.png Figure 7: Erdős–Rényi and resilience. Shannon Diversity changes as nodes are removed from random attachment networks of 100 nodes for different values of p (A). For p ă 0.4, the networks tend to have disconnected components before any of the nodes are removed. This means that the Shannon diversity is greater than zero before any of the nodes are removed. In addition, the resilience values for the preferential attachment networks corresponding to (A) are shown in (B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-prospective-modularity-of-three-model-ribosomal-142dc71q.png Figure 5: Prospective modularity of three model ribosomal networks. As a comparison measure, we also examined how the modularity of the network changes following the addition of new nodes. The colour scheme and line styles are the same as in Figure 4. Crucially, we do not find any evidence that the prospective resilience results observed in Figure 4 are being driven by the change in the networks’ community structures, as the three plots above show highly divergent patterns, suggesting that there is a more distinct mechanism underlying the prospective resilience. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-effect-of-attachment-mechanism-on-network-nptl6n1m.png Figure 3: The effect of attachment mechanism on network structure. Here, we offer further intuition about the effect of adding nodes under different attachment mechanisms. In each example, 10 nodes are added, connecting their m “ 4 links to nodes in the original network (indicated by the black nodes). Node size corresponds to its likelihood of gaining new links. (A) Example network, before any new nodes have been added to it. (B) Example of uniform attachment. (C) Example of (simulated) gene expression preferential attachment. (D) Example of degree-based preferential attachment. (E)—(G) Histograms showing the change in the original network’s degree distribution after the addition of 10 nodes, under each attachment mechanism. While these histograms highlight the change in a single network property (degree, k), one can imagine a number of structural changes occurring following the addition of new nodes, depending on the attachment mechanism. https://scispace.com/papers/resilience-of-benthic-ecosystem-c-cycling-to-future-changes-2hxts6m382 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-uptake-of-added-c-into-biomass-at-different-sites-and-3mwipwip.png Fig 4. Uptake of added C into biomass at different sites and in different treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bacterial-uptake-at-all-sites-and-in-all-treatments-p01klm5q.png Fig 3. Bacterial uptake at all sites and in all treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-total-amounts-of-added-c-subject-to-each-biological-23spregz.png Table 2. Total amounts of added C subject to each biological process over the duration of the experiments. Values given are means from 2 replicates, ± standard deviation. Site Treatment Total https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-total-respiration-of-added-c-during-each-experiment-0-npqiu9fq.png Fig 2. Total respiration of added C during each experiment. 0.5 M 2.8 M 21.2 M https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-biomass-specific-uptake-by-a-bacteria-b-foraminifera-1ayihk1v.png Fig 5. Biomass specific uptake by a) bacteria; b) foraminifera, and c) metazoan macrofauna in response to oxygen manipulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-bathymetric-map-of-the-indian-margin-of-the-arabian-2jlbfr09.png Fig 1. A bathymetric map of the Indian margin of the Arabian Sea showing the location of the sample sites as multiple red diamonds. https://scispace.com/papers/resilience-by-structural-entrenchment-dynamics-of-single-3jgrdv333d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-isolated-e-ects-spillover-benefits-only-d-0-3c7vtdn4.png FIG. 4. Isolated e↵ects: spillover benefits only (d = 0). Representative networks (Layer 1 only) that emerge as a result of varying incentives for spillover ties, e. Unconnected nodes do occasionally occur but are not represented in these plots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-individual-utilities-for-triangle-benefits-only-e-0-1ds8bwuc.png FIG. 5. Individual utilities for triangle benefits only (e = 0), for di↵erent number of ties and triangles ( ), and utility-increasing state transitions under LH shock conditions. Precise values are given for low tie costs, clow, and high tie costs, chigh, in blue and red, respectively. Blue arrows indicate when adding (or dropping) an edge would result in a utility increase under low tie costs. Red arrows indicate where dropping an edge would be incentivized under a post-shock tie-cost increase. Solid lines indicate a move that is always favored (sometimes only when d > 0), dashed lines indicate moves dependent on the triangle benefit, d. For the transition between 3 and 4 ties, only a subset of transition lines are shown for clarity. The remaining transitions can be easily calculated with the values shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-sensitivity-to-network-size-average-clustering-2e7yp50a.png FIG. 11. Sensitivity to network size: average clustering. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-sensitivity-to-network-size-average-degree-qe41ymhl.png FIG. 10. Sensitivity to network size: average degree. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-eight-distinct-ego-networks-for-the-grey-node-under-6gi62ozo.png FIG. 8. (A) Eight distinct ego networks (for the grey node) under high tie costs (chigh = 0.6), with utilities indicated. Edges can exist both in layer 1 (blue) and layer 2 (red) of the multiplex. (B) Transitions between the states indicated in subfigure A. Black arrows indicate transitions that are always favored. Blue arrows indicate transitions that are sometimes favored; the required condition for each transition is shown in blue text. The grey dashed arrow between state 6 and state 7 indicates that the presence of state 6 centered on an adjacent node is required for ego to transition from state 3 to state 7. The red dashed line indicates that this transition is never favored under the indicated cost condition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-sensitivity-to-noise-temporal-dynamics-of-1hudisv1.png FIG. 9. Sensitivity to noise. Temporal dynamics of representative simulation runs. Under initially low tie costs, average degree increases to a dynamic equilibrium of about 3 or 4. A shock to high tie costs occurs at t = 40, after which we see a decrease in average degree. In the absence of noise, this stabilizes to an average degree of just under 2. The more noise is present, the more quickly the system goes from the metastable LH condition (black line) to the stable HH condition (grey line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-isolated-e-ects-triangle-benefits-only-e-0-a-c-average-112mi87f.png FIG. 1. Isolated e↵ects: triangle benefits only (e = 0). (A–C) Average results for each of four shock conditions on a 40-node network. (A) Average node degree ± SD, (B) Average node clustering ± SD, (C) Average node utility at equilibrium ± SE, (D) Average resilience for LH condition, showing insensitivity to network size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-isolated-e-ects-triangle-benefits-only-e-0-1dtu05zf.png FIG. 2. Isolated e↵ects: triangle benefits only (e = 0). Representative single-layer networks that emerge as a result of varying incentives for closed triangles, d. Unconnected nodes do occasionally occur but are not represented in these plots. https://scispace.com/papers/resilience-of-health-systems-in-conflict-affected-4uf7cp3qiw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1f87omam.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/resilience-of-randomized-rns-arithmetic-with-respect-to-side-1p6ckfa2mt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-total-variation-as-a-function-of-the-calculation-step-3ko6fnqb.png Fig. 2. Total variation as a function of the calculation step. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-frequency-of-success-to-find-a-10-bits-key-with-mle-2nga0ci8.png Fig. 10. Frequency of success to find a 10-bits key with MLE on ECC 112. Comparison between Template exact and Monte Carlo. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-minimum-size-to-reject-hyp0-with-a-sample-size-se-2wgucomy.png TABLE 4 Minimum size to reject Hyp0 with a sample size SE = 32256 (error < 0.1% for a 95% prediction interval) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-minimum-n-to-protect-10-first-bits-of-the-key-till-s-2kaa5ig3.png TABLE 2 Minimum n to protect 10 first bits of the key till S traces with a success frequency smaller than pt. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-frequency-of-success-to-find-a-10-bit-key-with-mle-for-b43oc8do.png Fig. 9. Frequency of success to find a 10-bit key with MLE for different RNSn on ECC 112 Montgomery in Jacobian coordinates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-rns6-and-rns7-differencial-between-0xffffffff-and-188bkb1w.png Fig. 6. RNS6 and RNS7: Differencial between 0xffffffff and 0xdeeefbf7 with respectively 1000000 and 90000 traces. A jump appears for the bit 2 for RNS7 as we expected but the jump is not obvious for RNS6 and we needed more traces to have this little jump https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-rns6-second-order-dpa-between-0xffffffff-and-2ivovodn.png Fig. 7. RNS6: Second order DPA between 0xffffffff and 0xdeeefbf7 with 1000000 traces. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-slope-of-the-linear-regression-2rmu6nad.png TABLE 1 slope of the linear regression https://scispace.com/papers/resilient-event-triggered-systems-with-limited-communication-f2zu9c8s3e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-structure-2u2c2894.png Fig. 1. System structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-system-performance-for-the-nonlinear-system-rx5kysve.png Fig. 4. System performance for the nonlinear system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-system-performance-for-nonlinear-system-with-0-9-of-34uxdtfu.png Fig. 8. System performance for nonlinear system with 0.9 of necessary stabilizing bit-rate https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-safe-regime-unsafe-regime-and-resilience-vd1lc0rb.png Fig. 2. Safe regime, unsafe regime and resilience https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-necessary-and-sufficient-bit-rates-for-the-linear-2pu9qe3m.png Fig. 10. Necessary and sufficient bit-rates for the linear system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-system-performance-for-the-linear-system-12rkjaau.png Fig. 9. System performance for the linear system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-state-trajectory-in-safe-region-3h8qqwqv.png Fig. 3. State trajectory in safe region https://scispace.com/papers/resilience-options-for-provisioning-anycast-cloud-services-2tjxfmahhp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-us-topology-as-reproduced-from-19-1c8sqt4s.png Fig. 4. The US topology, as reproduced from [19]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-example-u-s-nationwide-network-used-in-this-paper-1gwmsfae.png Fig. 8. Example U.S. nationwide network used in this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experiments-on-the-us-topology-for-w-b-disjointness-1nj25x1i.png Fig. 3. Experiments on the US topology, for {W, B} disjointness (top), or both {W, B} and {W, S} disjointness (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-protection-schemes-a-vno-resilience-b-pip-eiu8zcx7.png Fig. 1. Two protection schemes: (a) VNO-resilience, (b) PIP-resilience. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-flowchart-of-the-cg-ilp-approach-1a49fc0t.png Fig. 2. Flowchart of the CG ILP Approach. https://scispace.com/papers/resistance-status-of-house-flies-diptera-muscidae-from-22dixz95e1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparative-toxicity-of-selected-insecticides-to-6rt2grej.png Table 1. Comparative toxicity of selected insecticides to house flies from southeastern Nebraska https://scispace.com/papers/resistance-to-ceftazidime-avibactam-plus-meropenem-2z4xt4r54s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mics-ug-ml-1-of-meropenem-with-or-without-bd7gaxq8.png Table 2. MICs (µg.mL-1) of meropenem with or without vaborbactam and of ceftazidime with or without avibactam against derivatives of K. pneumoniae clinical isolates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mics-ug-ml-1-of-meropenem-with-or-without-sqxtjlrj.png Table 1. MICs (µg.mL-1) of meropenem with or without vaborbactam against K. pneumoniae Ecl8 derivatives. https://scispace.com/papers/resistance-evolution-to-the-first-generation-of-genetically-45nuzwvuar 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-female-western-corn-rootworm-wcr-b-male-wcr-c-third-2r4c0g9y.png Fig. 1 (a) Female western corn rootworm (WCR), (b) male WCR, (c) third instar larva of WCR, (d) WCR larva feeding on maize roots, (e–f) adult WCR feeding on a maize leaf. Photos by Anthony Zukoff and reprinted with permission https://scispace.com/papers/resistance-to-the-chemical-sterilant-apholate-in-aedes-59e76ltrho 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sterility-of-eggs-from-a-colony-of-aedes-aegypti-24chz7zs.png Table 1. Sterility of eggs from a colony of Aedes aegypti exposed in the larval stage of each generation to selection pressure with apholate and from treated and untreated mosquitoes from the regular colony. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-immunoelectrophoretic-analyses-of-type-c-and-type-z-2wm2u9zu.png Fig. 3. Immunoelectrophoretic analyses of type C and type Z myeloma a2-globulins before and after digestion with papain for 4 and 18 hours. https://scispace.com/papers/resistive-plate-chambers-for-tomography-and-radiography-1tyihdyjww 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-the-residuals-xestimated-xhit-for-one-2sw0zck1.png Fig. 4. Distribution of the residuals(Xestimated−Xhit) for one of the layers. The x-axis is measured in 1.5-mm strips. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-intrinsic-detector-resolutionsintr-in-mm-vs-detector-3i3isgj6.png Fig. 5. Intrinsic detector resolutionσintr in mm vs. detector position. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-signal-induced-on-the-strips-once-the-pedestal-has-3875cj9e.png Fig. 3. Signal induced on the strips once the pedestal has been re- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-muon-scattering-tomography-principle-the-muon-passes-1wnds47e.png Fig. 1. Muon scattering tomography principle. The muon passes through the upper detectors, scatters in the target, and leaves via the lower detectors. The measured scatter angle allows for estimation of the targetZ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-picture-of-the-fully-assembled-system-the-six-2wjet62s.png Fig. 2. Picture of the fully assembled system. The six aluminium cassettes contain two RPCs each and provide XY readout. The cassettes also provide connections for high voltage, low voltage, data and gas lines. The gas mixing system is visible at the bottom of the cabinet. https://scispace.com/papers/resolution-based-reasoning-for-ontologies-aso0p7ridj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-clause-types-after-clausification-mp1bb8c4.png Table 3.Clause Types after Clausification https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-structural-transformation-ofk-2ye7pai8.png Table 2.Structural Transformation ofK https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-semantics-ofalchi-by-mapping-to-fol-1oi9sfjy.png Table 1.Semantics ofALCHI by Mapping to FOL https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-possible-inferences-byrdl-onalchi-clauses-17t7gt8o.png Table 5.Possible Inferences byRDL onALCHI-Clauses https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-types-ofalchi-clauses-l0qhp1md.png Table 4.Types ofALCHI-Clauses https://scispace.com/papers/resistive-transitions-and-the-origin-of-the-n-value-in-22v979x4q2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-v-i-curves-for-a-nb-ti-monofilament-in-liquid-he-at-xh7avqmi.png FIG. 3. V-I curves for a Nb-Ti monofilament in liquid He at three applied FIG. 4. V-I curves for a 2223 tape in liquid N2 at six applied fields. The fields. The lines represent Eq. (3) with parameter values from Table I. lines represent Eq. (3) with parameter values from Table I. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-if-many-variables-affected-i-independently-the-central-1mtec8hz.png FIG. 1. If many variables affected I, independently, the central limit theorem predicts that Z, would have a Gaussian distribution as in (a); however, all variables are similarly constrained from suppressing Z, below zero, so the various effects are not completely independent. The I, distribution is thus truncated at zero as in (b). The area of the 6 function at Zo=O in (b) equals the area of the hatched negative region in (a). https://scispace.com/papers/resistorless-current-mode-first-order-all-pass-filter-with-37gtywj2qj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-various-cm-all-pass-filters-16hy18wj.png Table 1. Comparison of various CM all-pass filters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proposed-low-voltage-cmos-implementation-of-cbta-2udcna50.png Fig. 2. Proposed low-voltage CMOS implementation of CBTA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ideal-and-simulated-gain-and-phase-responses-of-the-cm-zrwl6lmr.png Fig. 5. Ideal and simulated gain and phase responses of the CM APF: demonstration of tunability of the fp by the bias current IB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-total-power-dissipation-of-the-cm-apf-during-pole-3eyacuzk.png Fig. 7. Total power dissipation of the CM APF during pole frequency fp tuning via bias current IB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-monte-carlo-analysis-variations-of-the-gain-of-the-cm-37snf1lq.png Fig. 15. Monte Carlo analysis: Variations of the gain of the CM APF at 10.08 MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-proposed-cbta-c-current-mode-first-order-all-pass-1al3dy7q.png Fig. 3. Proposed CBTA-C current-mode first-order all-pass filter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-thd-variation-of-the-proposed-the-cm-apf-against-iyysbxrg.png Fig. 13. THD variation of the proposed the CM APF against applied input current at 10.08 MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-simulated-frequency-spectrum-of-the-output-np0bwse9.png Fig. 12. Simulated frequency spectrum of the output. https://scispace.com/papers/resolution-d-edp-par-un-schema-en-temps-parareel-16ftdmr5bx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-la-region-de-stabilite-pour-le-schema-implicite-est-8sspzc4f.png Figure 1. – La région de stabilité pour le schéma implicite est l’extérieur de la courbe. Figure1. – The region of stability for the implicit scheme is the exterior of the curve. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-la-region-de-stabilite-pour-le-schema-explicite-est-x6g7gsj4.png Figure 2. – La région de stabilité pour le schéma explicite est l’intérieur de la courbe. Figure 2. – The region of stability for the explicit scheme is the interior of the curve. https://scispace.com/papers/resolution-limits-of-pixellated-optical-components-4uupdrm61x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-visual-effect-of-different-kinds-of-blur-due-to-2992y3ky.png Figure 3. Visual effect of different kinds of blur due to pixellation. The images show a cylinder lattice seen through a pixellated window, which is contained within the grey frame. (a) Diffractive ray-direction blur increases with distance of the object from the window. (b) Ray-offset blur decreases with object-window distance. (c) Combined effect. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dependence-of-diffractive-blur-on-distance-between-1w89qyrl.png Figure 4. Dependence of diffractive blur on distance between the observer and the interface. (a) Interface placed immediately in front of the closest cylinders in the lattice; (b) interface half-way between observer and closest cylinders; (c) interface immediately in front of observer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effects-of-pixellation-in-the-examplar-case-of-1mko6rhm.png Figure 1. Effects of pixellation, in the examplar case of simple GCLAs and abstracted. (a) The part of the beam that passes through an individual telescopelet is apertured to a width w equal to, or smaller than, the pixel width, W . This leads to diffraction. (b) The aperturing also happens in the abstracted component. Ray-optically, we model it as a blur of the light-ray direction over the angular width of the central diffraction maximum. (Bottom) . (c) In GCLAs, individual light rays experience a transverse ray-position offset, o. Depending on a light ray’s direction and the precise position where it hits the first lens, o takes values in the range −W ≤ o ≤ +W . (d) In the abstracted component, o takes random values in the same range. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dependence-of-apparent-blurring-due-to-ray-position-2dk3wi9g.png Figure 5. Dependence of apparent blurring due to ray-position offset on the observer-interface distance. (a) Interface placed immediately in front of the closest cylinders in the lattice; (b) interface half-way between observer and closest cylinders; (c) interface immediately in front of observer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scene-comprising-a-checkerboard-floor-and-a-31m7527b.png Figure 2. Scene comprising a checkerboard floor and a cylinder lattice seen through a transparent window that has no effect on transmitted light rays other than slight reduction in brightness. The window is framed by grey cylinders and positioned immediately in front of the closest cylinders in the array. The image is a raytracing simulation was performed using our custom raytracer Dr TIM.9,10 https://scispace.com/papers/resolution-of-a-three-dimensional-unsteady-inverse-problem-2c2pf3j0hw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparison-between-surface-temperature-computed-17su5pjh.png Figure 11: Comparison between surface temperature computed and thermocouple measurements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-estimated-heat-flux-at-time-t-50s-at-0-05s-2cmxw794.png Figure 8: Estimated heat flux at time t=50s (αt=0.05s) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-computed-heat-flux-at-time-t-100s-3cauitbv.png Figure 10 : Computed heat flux at time t=100s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-estimated-heat-flux-at-time-t-50s-at-0-5s-paxkmrst.png Figure 7 : Estimated heat flux at time t=50s (αt=0.5s) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-computed-heat-flux-at-time-t-50-s-3qplx8be.png Figure 9 : Computed heat flux at time t=50 s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-computed-heat-fluxes-with-at-0-05s-1h0jupzy.png Figure 5 : Computed heat fluxes with αt=0.05s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simulated-set-up-1pdbhekz.png Figure 1: Simulated Set-up https://scispace.com/papers/resolution-of-identity-stochastic-time-dependent-1uoyrh3hr8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-populations-of-the-ground-state-s0-black-the-second-3jx71pm2.png FIG. 5. Populations of the ground state (S0, black), the second excited state (S2, red), the ionization yield (Ion., dashed magenta), and the sum thereof (S0+S2+ Ion., blue) for a ρ-TDCI simulation of a resonant π-pulse excitation, based on a CIS (left panels) and TD-CAM-B3LYP (right panels) references. The present ionization model contains orbital restriction only (upper panels), and it is compared to the kinematic model of Klamroth and co-workers (lower panels). The reduced density matrix is represented using the complete basis of 297 CIS eigenstates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-shown-are-the-energy-schemes-for-the-lowest-excited-3dgz69wx.png FIG. 1. Shown are the energy schemes for the lowest excited states in LiCN, using CIS (left panel), CAM-B3LYP (second panel), B3LYP (third panel), and PBE (right panel). All results are obtained at the optimized Hartree-Fock geometry, using the basis set 6-31G∗ on all atoms and without frozen core. The red dashed lines show the first ionization potential according to Koopmans’ theorem. The blue arrows show the intended excitation (lower arrows) and a competing second absorption process (upper arrows). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-left-figure-populations-of-the-ground-state-s0-solid-11j95smw.png FIG. 4. Left figure: Populations of the ground state (S0, solid black), the charge transfer state (S2, dashed red), the ionization channel (Ion., dotted magenta), and the sum thereof (S0+S2+ Ion., solid blue line) during a sTDCI simulations based on CIS (upper left panel), TD-CAM-B3LYP (upper right panel), TD-B3LYP (lower left panel), and TD-PBE (lower right panel). All calculations are performed in a basis of 297 CSFs and 50 states are used for the resolution-of-identity, averaged over 50 trajectories. Right figure: dominant orbital contribution for the charge transfer state (isocontour value at 0.05a−3/20 ). The lithium, carbon, and nitrogen atoms are, respectively, depicted in green, black, and blue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-final-populations-of-the-target-state-upper-panel-the-3jh21ntq.png FIG. 3. Final populations of the target state (upper panel), the ground state (middle panel), and the ion yield (lower panel) for an RI-sTDCI simulation of a π-pulse excitation to S2 based on CIS (solid red, marked with X), CAM-B3LYP (dashed green, marked with circles), B3LYP (dotted blue, marked with squares), and PBE results (dashed-dotted maroon, marked with diamonds) with increasing quality of the resolution-of-identity. The number of trajectories is set to Ntr= 50. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-populations-of-the-ground-state-s0-solid-the-charge-2mn54new.png FIG. 2. Populations of the ground state (S0, solid), the charge transfer state (S2, dashed), and ionization continuum (Ion., dotted) for an RI-sTDCI simulation based on CIS results with 186 states (red), 150 states (blue), 100 states (green), and 50 states (maroon). https://scispace.com/papers/resolution-of-the-apparent-experimental-discrepancies-54b1s5wpxv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ionic-current-map-left-and-video-image-right-of-a-2gd3p04i.png Figure 1 - Ionic current map (left) and video image (right) of a zinc-iron galvanic pair immersed in 0.01 M NaCl. Tip-substrate distance: 150 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ionic-current-map-left-and-video-image-right-of-the-2qnbm05b.png Figure 4 - Ionic current map (left) and video image (right) of the zinc sample in a zinc-iron galvanic pair immersed in 0.01 M NaCl. Tip-substrate distance: 80 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-potentiometric-secm-using-the-antimony-tip-to-2oaq40uj.png Figure 3 - Potentiometric SECM using the antimony tip to record the pH distribution in a plane parallel to the surface of the zinc-iron galvanic couple after immersion in 0.01 M NaCl for 4 h. Tip-substrate distance: 25 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-oxygen-concentration-above-the-zinc-2iwuw9pn.png Figure 2 - Distribution of oxygen concentration above the zinc-iron galvanic couple in 0.01 M NaCl measured by amperometric SECM using an antimony tip. Etip = -0.65 V vs. Ag/AgCl/3M KCl; tip-substrate distance: 25 µm. https://scispace.com/papers/resolution-of-sterically-overcrowded-ethylenes-a-remarkable-186n6xl745 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thioxanthene-based-overcrowded-ethylenes-2udvuwwj.png Table 1 Thioxanthene Based Overcrowded Ethylenes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-racemization-barriers-of-overcrowded-ethylenes-qatvkxmo.png Table 2 Racemization Barriers of Overcrowded Ethylenes https://scispace.com/papers/resolutions-of-the-coulomb-operator-part-iii-reduced-rank-4ngfxsxeow 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-recursive-pathway-to-generate-the-mkl-and-anl-3pq5pzhi.png Fig. 1 A recursive pathway to generate the Mkl and Anl integrals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-minimum-n-and-l-required-to-achieve-milli-and-3lzzysu0.png Table 5 Minimum N and L required to achieve milli- and microhartree accuracy ðZ ¼ 1Þ https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-basis-sets-and-energies-of-he-and-h2-rh-h-1-40-22a94epn.png Table 1 Basis sets and energies of He and H2 (RH–H = 1.40) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-energy-errors-for-h2-for-various-n-and-l-with-z-1-4-3t943mp0.png Table 4 Energy errors for H2 for various N and L with Z ¼ 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-energy-errors-for-he-atom-for-various-n-and-z-with-l-1kvym25w.png Table 2 Energy errors for He atom for various N and Z with L = N https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-energy-errors-for-he-atom-for-various-n-and-l-with-z-2ws26jtg.png Table 3 Energy errors for He atom for various N and L with Z ¼ 1 https://scispace.com/papers/resolvent-based-analysis-of-streaks-in-turbulent-jets-398hwe1wgt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-isocontours-of-40-of-the-real-part-of-the-first-3qtw1faz.png Figure 2 Isocontours of 40% of the real part of the first SPOD mode (left) and first resolvent mode (right) for St = 0.05 and m = 7 (streamwise component). https://scispace.com/papers/resolvin-d1-and-d2-reduce-sars-cov-2-induced-inflammation-in-48e92zsoj0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1tggbp4j.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1y31ocy7.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pgawh5d3.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1ns4pgho.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3f0i3mgn.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-table-1-mediators-of-innate-and-adaptive-immunity-g2t3hcn1.png Table 1 Table 1 Mediators of innate and adaptive immunity released by CF MΦ in response to CoV-2 https://scispace.com/papers/resolving-deadlock-why-international-organisations-introduce-7wjenh9ggl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-dollar-standard-1950-1971-1wrndaxt.png Figure 1. The Dollar Standard, 1950–1971. https://scispace.com/papers/resolving-segmental-polymer-dynamics-in-nanocomposites-by-2xo71hwauk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-waxs-intensity-of-simplified-industrial-pnc-blue-3oui8sb5.png Figure 4: WAXS intensity of simplified industrial PNC (blue) and the neat SB polymer (black). The dashed box illustrates the optimal q-range for neutron spin echo experiments. Note that WAXS only shows the coherent scattering, while for neutrons a strong incoherent scattering is added; our optimum q-range is determined by minimizing the coherent contributions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-structural-comparison-by-saxs-industrial-blue-and-xgemqp4o.png Figure 2: a) Structural comparison by SAXS. Industrial (blue) and model (red) PNCs with the corresponding NP form factor (black) measured in dilute conditions and reported in silica-polymer contrast. Silica volume fractions are given in the legend, and intensities are shifted for clarity. b) Apparent structure factor S(q) obtained by division of the intensities given in a) by their respective form factors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-frequency-dependence-of-the-imaginary-circles-and-1wxsbl9i.png Figure 3: Frequency dependence of the imaginary (circles) and real (squares) parts of the complex dielectric permittivity measured on colloidal PNC with ca. 20%v silica at T = 273 K. Lines are fits to the experimental data by a purely dissipative dc-conductivity term (dashed line) and two HN-functions: interfacial MWS process (dashed-dotted line) and -process (dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-nse-data-at-q-0-54-a-1-for-the-matrix-black-and-2azozbzm.png Figure 6: a) NSE data at q = 0.54 Å-1 for the matrix (black) and the industrial PNC measured at different temperatures. Lines are fits using eq 2 with B(q) = 0 and = 0.55. b) Relaxation map with the characteristic average times for segmental relaxation from NSE data (q = 0.54 Å-1) and BDS for the two PNC samples and neat SB. For the industrial PNC, the same shape parameter as for the matrix has been used in the analysis of the BDS spectra for consistency with NSE. The Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) fit of the BDS times for the pure polymer matrix is represented by a dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-incoherent-scattering-functions-of-sb-protons-at-t-2e3hwg0b.png Figure 5: Incoherent scattering functions of SB protons at T = 100°C. a) Matrix (black) and industrial PNC with 20%v of silica (blue) at 0.20 Å-1. b) Industrial PNC at several q values. Lines are fits with eq (2). The inset shows the decrease of the elastic contribution B(q) as a function of q (circles), compared to an independent determination of the coherent silica part to the intensity (diamonds), demonstrating that the elastic B(q) is fully coherent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-frequency-dependence-of-the-imaginary-circles-and-2mk2phnl.png Figure 1: a) Frequency dependence of the imaginary (circles) and real (squares) parts of the complex dielectric permittivity measured on industrial PNC with ca. 20%v silica at T = 273 K. Lines are fits to the experimental data by a purely dissipative dc-conductivity term (dashed line) and two HN-functions: interfacial MWS process (dashed-dotted lines) and -process (dotted lines). For the later, four different spectral shapes associated with the KWW distributions given in b) are shown to reproduce the α-process. b) KWW distributions of relaxation times for different parameters. = 0.44 and 0.35 correspond to the parameters obtained for the pure SB matrix and the colloidal PNC, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/resolving-the-exposure-puzzle-the-many-facets-of-exchange-5dkt3tddqv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-definitions-of-parameters-of-the-global-competition-1d48nx93.png Table 4: Definitions of Parameters of the Global Competition Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-exposure-estimates-from-the-global-competition-3j5th6b4.png Figure 3: Exposure Estimates from the Global Competition Model by Industry https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-statistics-of-parameters-of-the-global-mragyj3v.png Table 5: Summary Statistics of Parameters of the Global Competition Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-exposure-attribution-analysis-3ng7vc3g.png Table 8: Exposure Attribution Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-theoretical-and-empirical-foreign-exchange-rate-ixqh5o40.png Table 1: Theoretical and Empirical Foreign Exchange Rate Exposures of Automotive Companies https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-hedging-effects-of-derivatives-and-foreign-debt-jddxesro.png Table 7: Hedging Effects of Derivatives and Foreign Debt https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-selected-descriptive-statistics-for-sample-1nj5ta60.png Table 3: Selected Descriptive Statistics for Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-firm-and-industry-characteristics-1hd3dzlj.png Table 6: Firm and Industry Characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/resolving-tag-ambiguity-1ol73hiqm1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-fraction-of-tags-for-which-we-can-explain-the-12fq99c7.png Figure 9: The fraction of tags for which we can explain the source of the ambiguity, as a function of the correlation threshold used to fix an explanation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-of-how-different-expansion-of-one-tag-m4b2jljx.png Figure 1: An example of how different expansion of one tag (“jaguar”) can lead to very different image descriptions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-probability-distributions-showing-the-distribution-2ndkogyk.png Figure 6: Probability distributions showing the distribution of photos for the tag sets {holiday}, {holiday, vacation} and {holiday, christmas} showing these two subtags are used at different times. Holiday–christmas pictures are more common at the end of the year, while holiday–vacation pictures are more common during the Northern-hemisphere summer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-scatter-plot-showing-the-distribution-of-photos-1fltw8qg.png Figure 7: A scatter plot showing the distribution of photos for the tag sets {elephant} (shown with black dots), {elephant, thailand} (red ’x’) and {elephant, africa} (blue ’o’). We have smoothed the data and represented each set with a twodimensional Gaussian as shown above. (The ellipse for Thailand’s photos is too small to see here.) There are clusters of data in North America and Europe that are not matched by either submodel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-three-probability-distributions-over-cooccuring-2zpzl41i.png Figure 2: Three probability distributions over cooccuring tags, illustrating the ambiguity of a tag like “Cambridge” and the new distributions with additional tags such as “MA” or “UK”. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-histogram-of-semantic-correlations-the-graph-shows-1quvupnz.png Figure 8: Histogram of semantic correlations. The graph shows how many of the original tags have disambiguating tags that fall into each of correlations bins in 0.1 increments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-pie-chart-showing-which-metadata-feature-2wyuuzp2.png Figure 10: A pie chart showing which metadata feature explains a tag’s ambiguity. We used a correlation threshold of 0.1 to assign an explanation. Some photos are explained by more than one type of data and they thus contribute a uniform fraction to each successful category. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-disambiguating-suggestions-for-the-50-wlqso12k.png Table 1: Examples of disambiguating suggestions for the 50 most ambiguous tags within the 250 most common tags. The table shows the original tag T , the two suggested tags t1 and t2, the ambiguity score, the value of the KL divergence, and the meta data correlations: time, geo and semantic. A low correlation score indicates that the ambiguity might be explained through the respective meta-data context (bold). Some co-occurrences like “beantownsoftballleague” and “boston” or “deutschland” and “horse” are over represented due to single power-users whose uploading coincided with our data set generation. We expect these anomalies to disappear with more data and better uniform sampling. https://scispace.com/papers/resolving-the-far-ir-line-deficit-photoelectric-heating-and-3j9s7qda8f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-contour-maps-of-far-ir-fine-structure-lines-in-ngc-ebt2bnpg.png Figure 3. Contour maps of far-IR fine-structure lines in NGC 1097 overlaid on the MIPS 24μm image. The footprint of the spectral mapping in each line is shown as a faint purple outline. PACS beam sizes at the appropriate wavelengths are shown at the lower left of each panel. Contours begin at an S/N of 3σ ; [C ii] contours are plotted every 1.2 × 10−9 W m−2 sr−1 until 4 × 10−8 W m−2 sr−1; [N ii] contours are plotted every 1 × 10−9 W m−2 sr−1 until 4; [O i] contours are plotted every 2 × 10−9 W m−2 sr−1 until 1.4 × 10−8 W m−2 sr−1. Line maps have been scaled to show the diffuse emission. For line maps of nuclear emission we refer the reader to Beirão et al. (2010). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-ratio-of-c-ii-n-ii-from-diffuse-ionized-gas-is-3ae2vs1q.png Figure 11. Ratio of [C ii]/[N ii] from diffuse ionized gas is plotted as a function of ne for both the 122μm and 205μm transitions. The range of [C ii]/[N ii] 122μm we expect to see in NGC 1097 and NGC 4559, based on density variations, is highlighted by the cyan strip. For comparison, the single value correction used by Malhotra et al. (2001) is shown as a diamond on the curve tracing [C ii]/[N ii] 122μm; whereas the circle denotes the [C ii]/[N ii] 122μm determined from the [N ii] 122μm/[N ii] 205μm ratio by Beirão et al. (2012). (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-fraction-of-c-ii-emission-attributed-to-pdrs-is-2yme60r1.png Figure 12. Fraction of [C ii] emission attributed to PDRs is shown as a function of νfν (70)/νfν (100). All methods of correcting for emission from diffuse ionized gas show a decrease in the PDR fraction at warm colors. Rather than eliminating the line deficit, a plot of [C ii]PDR/PAH would significantly increase the line deficit as the fraction of [C ii] emanating from PDRs decreases in warm regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-contour-maps-of-far-ir-fine-structure-lines-in-ngc-207uormi.png Figure 4. Contour maps of far-IR fine-structure lines in NGC 4559 overlaid on the MIPS 24μm image. The footprint of the spectral mapping in each line is shown as a faint purple outline. PACS beam sizes at the appropriate wavelengths are shown at the lower left of each panel. Contours begin at an S/N of 3σ ; [C ii] contours are plotted every 1 × 10−8 W m−2 sr−1; [N ii] contours are plotted every 4 × 10−10 W m−2 sr−1; [O i] contours are plotted every 4 × 10−9 W m−2 sr−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-top-c-ii-158mm-tir-plotted-as-a-function-of-the-far-2qcy4rn4.png Figure 7. Top: [C ii] 158μm/TIR plotted as a function of the far-IR color, νfν (70)/νfν (100). Middle: [O i] 63μm/TIR plotted as a function of the far-IR color, νfν (70)/νfν (100). Bottom: ([C ii] 158μm + [O i] 63μm)/TIR plotted as a function of the far-IR color, νfν (70)/νfν (100). Even when accounting for the oxygen emission from denser regions, the photoelectric heating efficiency decreases with increasingly intense radiation. Regions in NGC 1097 are plotted as blue triangles whereas regions from NGC 4559 are plotted as green squares. The large gray diamonds show the weighted mean when data are binned. Histograms show the distribution of heating intensity for regions with gas warmer (red) and cooler (black) than νfν (70)/νfν (100) = 0.95. The dash-dotted lines in the top panel represent 80% inclusion curves of the galaxies from the ISO study of Malhotra et al. (2001). We remind the user that there exists a 30% uncertainty in the absolute calibration of PACS data when comparing these curves to the data. The mean error for each data set is shown to the lower left. Filled points indicate regions wherein the full IRS spectrum has been obtained. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-c-ii-158mm-o-i-63mm-plotted-against-c-ii-158mm-o-i-1qqu13nu.png Figure 10. [C ii] 158μm/[O i] 63μm plotted against ([C ii] 158μm + [O i] 63μm)/TIR in NGC 1097 (blue triangles) and NGC 4559 (green squares). A grid of G0, in units of the local Galactic radiation field, and nH, in cm−3, as determined from the PDR models of Kaufman et al. (2006), are overplotted. Only data with a reliable [N ii] 122μm line detection are plotted when correcting for an ionized component. In the middle plot we assume an ne of 100 cm−3 when the [S iii] ratio is in the low-density limit. In the bottom plot we assume an ne of 10 cm−3 when the [S iii] ratio is in the low-density limit. Error bars do not include uncertainties in the correction for diffuse [C ii] emission. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pacs-spectroscopic-observations-of-ngc-1097-2hd664hn.png Table 1 PACS Spectroscopic Observations of NGC 1097 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pacs-spectroscopic-observations-of-ngc-4559-2yiuori0.png Table 2 PACS Spectroscopic Observations of NGC 4559 https://scispace.com/papers/resolving-the-hypotheticome-annotating-m-tuberculosis-gene-2c4hehyzye 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-updated-annotations-from-structure-and-literature-22cyzpnl.png Fig 1. Updated annotations from structure and literature reduce the M. tuberculosis hypotheticome. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-novel-annotations-transferred-through-structural-2p022wgn.png Table 5. Novel annotations transferred through structural similarity despite low sequence similarity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-whole-proteome-annotation-comparison-to-the-1ajebyyc.png Table 2. Whole Proteome annotation comparison to the databases commonly referenced for M. tuberculosis annotation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-determination-of-inclusion-criteria-for-ec-and-go-1d1ghua4.png Fig 8. Determination of inclusion criteria for EC and GO annotations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-information-flow-for-producing-annotations-from-3p3adnne.png Fig 6. Information flow for producing annotations from literature curation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ec-number-annotation-in-the-manual-curation-effort-1ikzm92f.png Fig 2. EC number annotation in the manual curation effort compared to widely used databases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-structural-similarity-between-rv0193c-modeled-1np78pw7.png Fig 3. Structural similarity between Rv0193c modeled structure and Niemann-pick C1 protein (NPC1) from homo sapiens. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-gene-ontology-go-term-inclusion-protocol-2ju2t1m1.png Fig 10. Gene Ontology (GO) term inclusion protocol. https://scispace.com/papers/resistive-plate-chambers-performance-with-cosmic-rays-in-the-1z6gtbqlk1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rpc-dark-current-averaged-over-all-the-barrel-sci9gjro.png Figure 1: RPC Dark Current averaged over all the barrel chambers as a function of the time during the CRaFT period https://scispace.com/papers/resonance-analysis-of-alternating-currents-3od3t22ia9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-2mt64pd3.png TABLE II. https://scispace.com/papers/resolving-the-fu-orionis-system-with-alma-interacting-twin-5dx2dihn2l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cartoon-representation-showing-the-geometry-and-the-1pqp3uti.png Figure 4. Cartoon representation showing the geometry and the kinematics of the FU Ori system. The disks are scaled up to aid visualization. The inclination and position angles are as inferred from the continuum image. The kinematics (blue/red gradient) are consistent with the 12CO channel maps. The inner holes are drawn for aesthetic reasons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-1-3-mm-225-ghz-continuum-map-of-the-fuori-ah18vx2t.png Figure 1. Left: 1.3 mm (225 GHz) continuum map of the FUOri binary system. The image resolution is 0 06×0 042 (shown in the left bottom corner). The contours are 3, 5, and 10 times the image rms noise of the 30 μJy beam−1. North is up, east is left. Right: visibility amplitude as a function of baseline lengths (ultraviolet distances) for FUOri north (blue), FUOri south (orange) and check source J0551+0829, with their respective uncertainties. The visibilities of both FU Ori components have a profile that decreases from the peak maximum to a 5 mJy floor level (dotted line). The signal for J0551+0829 is constant with baseline length, as expected for an unresolved source. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-complex-kinematic-environment-and-evidence-of-disk-3h6o6eg8.png Figure 3. Complex kinematic environment and evidence of disk rotation seen in the 12CO channel maps of the FUOri system. The orientation (PA and inclination) inferred from the continuum maps are indicated by the white dashed lines for each disk. The northern component shows signatures of rotation as blue- and redshifted 12CO emission loci along the disk PA. The red and blue points show the stellar locations of FU Ori north and south, respectively. The velocities, in km s−1, are given in the lower right corners. Each panel shows 12CO emission via color-filled contour maps for 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, and 41 mJy beam−1. The thicker unfilled white contour shows the 5σ level, i.e., 10 mJy beam−1 (σ is 2 mJy beam−1). The beam size is shown as a gray ellipse in the lower left corner. The systemic velocity (∼11.7 km s−1) channel at 12 km s−1 suffers heavy foreground absorption and displays no emission above 5σ. Relative R.A. and decl. are shown with respect to the location of FUOri north (peak of the continuum). The background image shows the High-Contrast Coronographic Imager for Adaptive Optics (HiCIAO) polarized scattered light map published in Takami et al. (2018), see also Liu et al. (2016). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-posterior-distributions-of-disk-parameters-mdust-g-2dsbjusi.png Figure 2. Posterior distributions of disk parameters Mdust, γ, Rc, H100, and the flaring index Ψ, including their marginalized distributions for FUOrinorth (top right, blue) and south (bottom left, orange). The vertical dashed lines represent the 16th, 50th and 84th percentiles. Contours correspond to 68%, 95% and 99.7% confidence regions. Units are specified on the panel titles. The plots were generated using the PYTHON module CORNER (Foreman-Mackey 2016). https://scispace.com/papers/resolving-the-x-ray-obscuration-in-a-low-flux-observation-of-r1b295xlek 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameters-for-the-2017-rgs-spectrum-nfewgmhn.png Table 4 Parameters for the 2017 RGS Spectrum https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-cloudy-simulations-of-the-uv-absorption-trough-10k38tof.png Figure 11. CLOUDY simulations of the UV absorption trough seen in PDS 456. The simulations predict the optical depth of the trough at 1346 Å, assuming a BAL origin associated with either Lyα (red), C IV (black), or N V (green), as described in the text. The depth is computed for each ion as a function of the ionization ( Ulog ) and for solar metallicity, where the shaded regions correspond to column densities in the range of = --( )Nlog cm 22.7 23.0H 2 , as per the observed soft X-ray column. The vertical dotted line shows an ionization of =Ulog 1.8, corresponding to the soft X-ray absorber and where the UV absorption trough is predicted to be shallow, where typically τ∼0.1. Note that the optical depths are a very sensitive function of the ionization; thus, at much lower ionizations than observed here considerably deeper BAL troughs are predicted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-x-ray-observation-log-3mcebxft.png Table 1 X-Ray Observation Log https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fluxed-spectra-from-the-two-observations-with-the-110hwrd6.png Figure 5. Fluxed spectra from the two observations, with the best-fit XSTAR model superimposed. The red and blue spectra correspond to OBS 1 and OBS 2, respectively. The solid black line shows the total model for both observations, while the other solid lines illustrate the model deconstruction for OBS 1 only. Here, the green line represents the power-law continuum absorbed through the two high-ionization wind zones only (zones 1a and 1b), while the magenta line is the continuum component that is additionally absorbed through the lower-ionization absorber (zone 2), which produces the opacity present at soft X-rays below 3 keV. The cyan line then represents the soft X-ray excess emission, from a photoionized emitter with a velocity broadening of σ=0.1c. The latter is able to account for the line emission below 1 keV, as well as the broad emission at iron K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-mean-xmm-newton-rgs-1-2-spectrum-of-pds-456-nlnn7de3.png Figure 8. Mean XMM-Newton RGS 1+2 spectrum of PDS 456, combined for both OBS 1 and OBS 2 to maximize signal-to-noise ratio. Data points are shown as black histograms (with gray error bars), while the best-fit XSTAR model is overlaid in red (solid line). The model components (solid lines) are as per Figure 5. Several features are apparent in the spectrum. A strong, broad excess of emission is observed between 12 and 17 Å, which can be modeled by a velocity-broadened emission component from a wide-angle wind (cyan curve). The broad trough between 9 and 12 Å arises from the low-ionization absorption component (zone 2, magneta curve) and is likely produced by a blend of iron L-shell transitions. A significant absorption line is also apparent at 14.5 Å. If this is associated with blueshifted O VIII Lyα (at 19.0 Å), then its outflow velocity of −0.25c is consistent with the iron K absorber. Note that the drop near 20 Å (23 Å observed frame) arises from the neutral O I edge, associated with absorption from our Galaxy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-x-ray-exposures-7g26soyi.png Table 2 List of X-Ray Exposures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-2017-optical-uv-to-x-ray-sed-of-pds-456-data-1lcdb8zm.png Figure 10. The 2017 optical/UV to X-ray SED of PDS 456. Data points are taken from the OBS 1 sequence, consisting of XMM-Newton pn (black crosses), NuSTAR (red crosses), Swift UVOT (magenta crosses), and XMM-Newton OM (cyan circles). The optical/UV photometric points are corrected for reddening. The figure shows various models fitted to the SED, using a double broken power-law continuum. The red dotted line shows the SED model, absorbed by the Galactic column, as well as by intrinsic absorption from the wind. The blue solid line shows the model corrected for Galactic absorption, but still attenuated by the wind, while the dashed blue line shows the intrinsic continuum after all absorption is removed. Note that the wind mainly attenuates the soft X-ray band. In contrast, the green dot-dashed line shows the intrinsic continuum from the brighter, 2013 OBS A XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observation, which was largely unabsorbed by the wind; see Nardini et al. (2015) for details. The 2017 observation is a factor of ×4 fainter in the X-ray band compared to 2013, although there is little difference in the optical/UV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-spectral-parameters-for-the-2017-xmm-newton-and-5ujg9ip9.png Table 3 Spectral Parameters for the 2017 XMM-Newton and NuSTAR Observations https://scispace.com/papers/resonance-and-cancellation-phenomena-in-two-span-continuous-4kust152rz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-span-uniform-beam-under-moving-loads-travelling-b1eecy69.png Figure 1: Two-span uniform beam under moving loads travelling at constant speed (a)-(b). First three (c) antisymmetric and (d) symmetric normal modes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-hslm-a-loading-scheme-1zd42kic.png Figure 14: HSLM-A loading scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-hslm-a-train-axle-loads-pk-coach-lengths-dk-and-195ody6u.png Table 8: HSLM-A train axle loads (Pk), coach lengths (dk) and bogie axle spacings (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-maximum-acceleration-and-acceleration-time-history-nb5kwdox.png Figure 6: Maximum acceleration and acceleration time history at x = 1.5L vs. V/f1d for different L/d ratios. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-forslov-bridge-elevation-view-and-cross-section-wb9vu9bg.png Figure 10: Förslöv bridge. Elevation view and cross-section. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-forslov-bridge-highest-attainable-resonant-speeds-3r0os5uy.png Table 7: Förslöv bridge highest attainable resonant speeds and free vibration amplitudes for n = 1, 2 under HSLM-A trains. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-l-d-ratios-leading-to-cancellation-of-resonance-and-3swvka95.png Table 2: L/d ratios leading to cancellation of resonance and maximum resonance of the first mode (antisymmetric). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-l-d-ratios-leading-to-cancellation-of-resonance-and-1lzh70jt.png Table 3: L/d ratios leading to cancellation of resonance and maximum resonance of the second mode (symmetric). https://scispace.com/papers/resolving-the-planet-hosting-inner-regions-of-the-lkca-15-5ck4jjpa0y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numerical-results-2lvei0p7.png Table 1 Numerical Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-polarized-surface-brightness-profiles-of-the-lkca15-1o1ujxek.png Figure 4. Polarized surface brightness profiles of the LkCa15 disk in stellar flux per square arcsecond (see the text). (a) Profiles measured in a 86 mas wide strip along the major axis, centered on the star. Positive separations correspond to a position angle of 60° on sky. (b) Profiles measured in a 257 mas wide strip along the minor axis, centered on the star. Positive separations correspond to a position angle of 330°. Solid black lines show the DEEP J-band Qf surface brightness profiles. The family of thin gray lines represents the results of adding strips from the Uf image taken from different position angles to the Qf strip to illustrate the estimated noise level. Thin orange lines show the corresponding profiles from FAST, which match DEEP very well. Thin red lines represent the RI-band profiles from Thalmann et al. (2015) for comparison, demonstrating that the disk is significantly more reflective in polarization in Jband than in RI-band. Dashed blue vertical lines demarcate the bounds of the Jband gradient fit ellipse from Figure 3. Dotted red vertical lines show the corresponding bounds for the RI-band fit ellipse from Thalmann et al. (2015). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-analysis-of-the-outer-disk-structure-of-lkca15-a-39ou6q0x.png Figure 3. Analysis of the outer disk structure of LkCa15. (a) Ellipse fits to the maximum gradient (solid blue line) and the flux minimum (dotted blue line) in the r2scaled DEEP Qf image. (b) Comparison of the best-fit gap edge in the J-band (this work; blue solid line) with those in the RI-band (Thalmann et al. 2015; red longdashed line) and submillimeter interferometry (Isella et al. 2014; green short-dashed line). (c) Full-intensity KLIP image (five subtracted modes) of the FULL data in the K1K2 filter for comparison. The gap edge derived from the Qf image coincides very well with the edge of the bright crescent in the KLIP image. (d) The image in panel (a) at a harder stretch, emphasizing the surface brightness variations in the outer disk. Four position angles with reduced brightness are marked, possibly indicating transient shadowing from the inner disk. (e) Azimuthal profile of the outer disk in r2-scaled DEEP Qf (solid) and Uf (dashed), evaluated in a 7 pixel (86 mas) wide annulus outside the best-fit gap edge at 5° resolution. The four position angles from panel (d) are indicated with vertical dashes. The Uf profile is dominated by the multiple-scattering quadrupole. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sphere-irdis-j-band-imaging-polarimetry-of-lkca15-12jwjg6b.png Figure 1. SPHERE IRDIS J-band imaging polarimetry of LkCa15. Each panel shows the Qf and Uf images side-by-side at the same scale, with insets showing the shape of the PSF core. (a) Polarized flux of DEEP at linear stretch (arb. units). The inner disk saturates the color scale. (b) The corresponding S/N map at a stretch of [−10σ, 10σ]. (c) Polarized flux of DEEP after scaling with an inclined r2 map to render the faint disk structures visible (arb. units). ((d)–(f)) The same three images for FAST. While overall sensitivity is lower in these data, they afford an unobstructed view onto the inner disk. In all panels, the star’s location is marked with a white disk. The black wedges on the color scales mark the zero level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structures-in-the-inner-disk-of-lkca15-a-a-close-in-2cbkxr3p.png Figure 2. Structures in the inner disk of LkCa15. (a) A close-in view of the r2-scaled DEEP Qf image. The coronagraph’s IWA is 0 08. (b) The same for FAST. The inner disk appears sharper than in (a), perhaps due to better image registration. (c) Panel (b) with annotated features. The dark blue circles marked “b,” “c,” “d” represent the positions of the three point sources reported in Sallum et al. (2015). Source “b” is the one detected in Hα imaging. The pastel-colored markings identify potential persistent structures in the inner disk: two curved structures that may represent a disk edge or spiral arms (“x,” “y”) and a diffuse region along the minor axis (“z”). (d) The visible-light image from SPHERE ZIMPOL (Thalmann et al. 2015) for comparison, which reproduces those structures at least qualitatively. The small inset illustrates the shape of the PSF core. https://scispace.com/papers/resonance-control-cooling-system-performance-and-3sligv5qxy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rccs-control-diagram-16nxmz9e.png Figure 1: RCCS Control Diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dtl3-rccs-cv-1-valve-response-5en9sw35.png Figure 4: DTL3 RCCS CV-1 valve response. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dtl3-operational-response-3p59vwhn.png Figure 3: DTL3 operational response. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dtl3-operation-at-3-duty-factor-ynt5lg50.png Figure 2: DTL3 operation at 3% duty factor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cavity-power-and-temperature-3rrdfden.png Table 1: Cavity Power and Temperature https://scispace.com/papers/resonance-fluorescence-spectrum-of-a-l-type-quantum-emitter-16vh9w2xcd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-steady-state-rfs-s-o-of-the-system-driven-on-1pbpv7nh.png FIG. 3. (a) Steady-state RFS (S(ω)) of the system driven on resonance δ = 0 when Ω03 = 2.5Γ0, in the absence of MNP (solid curve) and with a distance D = 20 nm: dashed curve when θ = 0, and dashed-dotted curve for the case with θ = 900. (b) Contributions to RFS of correlations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-steady-state-rfs-s13-o-of-the-singly-driven-hybrid-38f4rbx8.png FIG. 5. (a) Steady-state RFS (S13(ω)) of the singly driven hybrid system with θ = 90 0 for several interparticle distances: D = 20 nm (dashed curve), D = 40 nm (dotted curve), andD = ∞ (isolated quantum emitter - solid curve). (a) δ = −30Γ0, and Ω 0 3 = 2Γ0 (b) δ = +10Γ0, and Ω 0 3 = Γ0 . The thin solid curves are the spectral feature associated to the Raman photons determined in the DSP. (c)/(d) Transitions between dressed states accounting for S13(ω) in the case considered in (a)/(b): the solid vertical arrow indicates the transition responsible for the Raman photons, whereas the dashed vertical arrow stands for the other sideband. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-steady-state-rfs-s13-o-of-the-singly-driven-quantum-ieb2thnt.png FIG. 4. Steady-state RFS (S13(ω)) of the singly driven quantum emitter for different Rabi frequencies: (a) Ω03 = 0.1Γ0 and (b) Ω 0 3 = 0.2Γ0. (c) Time evolution of normalized second-order correlation function when Ω03 = 0.2Γ0. Isolated emitter (solid curve), θ = 0 (dashed curve), and θ = 90 (dashed-dotted curve). Also, the rest of parameters as in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-three-level-scheme-illustrating-the-ground-and-excited-2lvi9wwq.png FIG. 1. Three-level scheme illustrating the ground and excited states. Transition |2〉 ↔ |3〉 is driven by a laser field polarized along the X axis with angular frequency ωL and Rabi frequency Ω3. (b) The quantum system is located at a distance D from the boundary of a nanosphere whose radius is a. The dipole moments ~µ23 and ~µ13 are oriented along the X and Y axis, respectively. θ is the angle with the X-axis of the line joining the MNP’s center and the QD’s center. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-linewidth-of-the-raman-photons-g-1-versus-distance-d-3c005esp.png FIG. 6. (a) Linewidth of the Raman photons (Γ+1) versus distance D for different values of the optical detuning δ. (b) Spectral location of the Raman photons (λ+) versus distance for different values of the optical detuning δ. δ = −30Γ0 (solid curve), δ = −20Γ0 (dashed curve), and δ = −10Γ0 (dashed-dotted curve). (c) Time evolution of intensity-intensity correlation for the Raman spectral line: isolated emitter (solid curve), and D = 20 nm (dashed-dotted curve) with θ = 900. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-plasmon-modified-radiative-decay-rates-of-the-2narf1iv.png FIG. 2. (a) Plasmon modified radiative decay rates of the quantum emitter Γpx (dashed-dotted curve), and Γpy (solid curve) in units of Γ0 vs the distance D in nm. (b) Field enhancement factor (|Fe,x|) vs distance D when the angle is θ = 0 0 (dashed-dotted curve), and θ = 900 (solid curve). https://scispace.com/papers/resonance-effects-in-the-raman-scattering-of-monolayer-and-tkgfydmxse 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-raman-scattering-spectra-of-2l-mose2-for-excitations-q1yt1jfe.png FIG. 6. (a) Raman scattering spectra of 2L-MoSe2 for excitations energy ranging from 458 to 647 nm showing the shear (S) and breathing (B) modes. (b) Evolution of the normalized intensity of the shear mode (red dots) and of the breathing mode (black dots) as a function of the excitation laser energy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-raman-scattering-spectra-of-monolayer-mose2-measured-3s7h1cfk.png FIG. 1. Raman scattering spectra of monolayer MoSe2 measured with (a) 465-, (b) 676-, and (c) 735-nm laser excitation. The main Raman scattering features are identified in the figure and the intensity scale is set in order to see the features for all excitations wavelengths. (d) Normalized Raman scattering spectra for the monolayer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-upper-panel-raman-scattering-spectra-for-1l-to-8l-28aw56fr.png FIG. 8. Upper panel: Raman scattering spectra for 1L- to 8L-MoSe2 samples. Lower panel: energy difference between the 252-cm−1 feature and the A′1/A1g feature. The energy separation between these modes is maximum in the case of the monolayer and then decreases for thicker samples. The arrow in the top panel indicates the Raman scattering feature observed close to 250 cm−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-three-optical-photographs-of-the-same-wafer-with-3gfcof5j.png FIG. 7. Three optical photographs of the same wafer with different locations corresponding to 1L-, 2L-, 3L-, 4L-, 5L-, and 6L-MoSe2 specimens. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-raman-scattering-spectra-of-1-to-5-layer-mose2-tc5zbn80.png FIG. 3. (a) Raman scattering spectra of 1 to 5 layer MoSe2 recorded with the use of 465-nm excitation showing the E′′ and A′′2 phonons at 170 and 354 cm−1, respectively. (b) Polarization-resolved Raman scattering spectra of 2L-MoSe2 measured with 514 nm and identifying the two E- and A-type phonons. (c) A′1/A1g feature for 1- to 7-layer MoSe2 samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-raman-scattering-spectra-of-monolayer-mose2-measured-2thxyozv.png FIG. 2. Raman scattering spectra of monolayer MoSe2 measured with 465-, 530, 568-, 647-, and 720-nm laser excitation showing the selective excitation of the two E′ optical phonons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-interference-enhancement-factor-for-the-si-raman-34wvv1d5.png FIG. 9. (a) Interference enhancement factor for the Si Raman signal (ISi) as a function of wavelength for a semi-infinite integration and the f/2 correction. When the penetration depth is smaller than f/2 (400–550 nm), the ISi factor is approximately the same for both calculations. (b) Ratio ISi/IMoSe2 for 1L-MoSe2 and for bulk MoSe2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-normalized-intensity-of-a-the-e-e1g-mode-at-170-cm-1-b-106ujade.png FIG. 4. Normalized intensity of (a) the E′′/E1g mode at 170 cm−1, (b) the A′1/A1g mode at 242 cm −1, (c) the E′/Eg modes around 290 cm−1, (d) the A′′/A1g modes at 354 cm−1, and the 3LA phonon replica at 455 cm−1, as a function of the excitation laser energy for 1L-MoSe2 (black dots), 2L-MoSe2 (red dots), 3L-MoSe2 (green dots), and 4L-MoSe2 (blue dots). The shaded regions represent the range of energy for the A, B, and C excitons. https://scispace.com/papers/resonance-enhanced-turbulent-transport-1106de26j9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-flux-as-a-function-of-a-for-o-o-oz-with-o-increasing-13u8zdbw.png FIG. 4: Flux as a function of α for ω = ω/ωz with ω increasing from top (random turbulence) to bottom (wave like turbulence) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-logarithmic-plot-of-fig-2-2aqup3sv.png FIG. 3: Logarithmic plot of Fig 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-flux-as-a-function-of-o-o-oz-with-a-increasing-from-2a4rdbye.png FIG. 2: Flux as a function of ω = ω/ωz with α increasing from top to bottom: top line no shear, bottom line strong shear https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-turbulence-amplitude-as-a-function-of-o-o-oz-with-a-1g1v2u86.png FIG. 5: Turbulence amplitude as a function of ω = ω/ωz with α increasing from top (no shear) to bottom (strong shear) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-turbulence-amplitude-as-a-function-of-a-for-different-1kpfpb15.png FIG. 6: Turbulence amplitude as a function of α for different values of ω with ω increasing from (random turbulence) to bottom (wave like turbulence) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-relationship-between-a-o-for-resonant-points-with-b-4073bmku.png FIG. 7: Relationship between [α, ω] for resonant points with β increasing from top to bottom https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-results-with-0-g-1-1-g-and-g-describing-1fg025hm.png TABLE I: Summary of results with 0 < γ ≪ 1, 1 < γ ≪ ∞ and γ → ∞ describing the long, medium and short correlation times respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-flux-as-a-function-of-o-for-oz-0-5-dotted-line-and-oz-1s8v6uww.png FIG. 8: Flux as a function of ω for ωz = 0.5 (dotted line) and ωz = 0.125 (solid line) when γ = 0.01, showing multiple harmonic resonance in addition to Doppler resonance https://scispace.com/papers/resonance-fluorescence-and-resonance-raman-scattering-3vjdw93yaz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-temporal-response-of-the-radiation-from-the-q-branches-252ppw36.png FIG. 1. Temporal response of the radiation from the Q branches of the P ( 1 3 ) and R(15) AV = 1 transitions in iodine. The various incident laser frequency shifts are relative to the fluorescence maximum. The incident laser pulse (upper left-hand corner) has a time width https://scispace.com/papers/resonance-model-of-ferrite-assembly-for-window-frame-magnet-244138m979 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5a-fig-5b-3d8oup06.png Fig 5a Fig.5b https://scispace.com/papers/resonant-inelastic-x-ray-scattering-of-rare-earth-and-copper-2g2rorjqy7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-between-resonant-inelastic-scattering-cja87ws7.png FIG. 6: Comparison between resonant inelastic scattering spectra of GdH2+x, GdH3−δ and Gd Metal for different excitation energies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-12-schematic-summary-of-the-copper-corrosion-2b4z5ez3.png Figure 2.12: Schematic summary of the copper corrosion processes in different solutions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-8-cu-2p-xa-spectra-of-cuo-cu2o-and-copper-deposited-n5bn45wx.png Figure 2.8: Cu 2p XA spectra of CuO, Cu2O, and copper deposited on the 100 nm Si3N4 window, recorded in Total fluorescence yield (TFY) mode by photodiode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-5-schematic-illustration-of-the-cell-used-for-14m7jrjp.png Figure 1.5: Schematic illustration of the cell used for liquid experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-rixs-4d-for-holmium-metal-excited-at-different-v2mbewt0.png Figure 2.3: RIXS 4d for Holmium metal, excited at different excitation energies, marked on the top of XA spectrum https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-cu-l3-rixs-spectra-of-cu-oh-2-recorded-at-different-1ppvt3rr.png Fig. 7. Cu L3 RIXS spectra of Cu(OH)2, recorded at different excitation energies indicated on the XA spectrum in top panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-comparison-between-gd-4d-xas-rixs-experimental-3vm3q9b2.png Figure 2.2: Comparison between Gd 4d XAS, RIXS experimental data and calculated results for the Gd3+ ion. Excitation energy positions are indicated on the top panel of XAS. RIXS are plotted in the energy-loss scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-9-cu-2p-xa-spectra-of-100a-thick-copper-film-in-tpu2dcpf.png Figure 2.9: Cu 2p XA spectra of 100A thick copper film in liquid cells with: ground water solution and 1.4 mM Cl− , 1.1 mM HCO−3 solutions in ultra-pure distil deionized (MQ) water. pH value for all solutions was adjusted to 8.5. https://scispace.com/papers/resonance-modes-in-the-standard-piezoceramic-shear-geometry-3lfgee3qc6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fea-simulated-shear-item-in-the-two-positions-at-1sde9iw5.png Figure 4. FEA simulated shear item in the two positions at maximum displacement for the mode of motion in the neighborhood of the thickness shear resonance at f3=1790 kHz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fea-simulated-shear-item-in-the-two-positions-at-1ta3yh70.png Figure 3. FEA simulated shear item in the two positions at maximum displacement for the mode of motion at f1= 1440 kHz. Displacement is greatly amplified. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fea-simulated-shear-item-in-the-two-positions-of-1vu39gvs.png Figure 2. FEA simulated shear item in the two positions of the maximum shear displacement for the mode of motion at the shear series resonance (f2=1570kHz),. Displacement is exaggerated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-and-fea-simulated-resistance-r-and-3bdz8665.png Figure 1. Experimental and FEA simulated resistance, R, and conductance, G, for the fundamental thickness shear resonance of the thin plate of PZ27 https://scispace.com/papers/resonance-raman-spectra-for-the-in-situ-identification-of-uacdv0lfh7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-resonance-raman-spectra-of-micrococcus-luteus-2nkohzhe.png Fig. 2 (A) Resonance Raman spectra of Micrococcus luteus bacteria changes as a function of UV light irradiation time before baseline correction, the corresponding fitted baselines are shown in black color and (B) Resonance Raman spectra of Micrococcus luteus bacteria as a function of UV light irradiation time after baseline correction and normalization with respect to 1450 cm -1 lipid band. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-resonance-raman-spectrum-of-micrococcus-luteus-2a5ajpsg.png Fig. 1 Resonance Raman spectrum of Micrococcus luteus bacteria excited with a 532 nm laser. Band assignments are based on [12,14, 31-35]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-diagram-of-the-handheld-raman-spectrometer-250r20uc.png Fig 6. Schematic diagram of the handheld Raman spectrometer system (A). Recorded https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-change-in-the-ratio-of-1525-cm-1-to-1450-cm-1-raman-1c6rjmey.png Fig. 3 (A) Change in the ratio of 1525 cm -1 to 1450 cm -1 Raman band intensities of M. luteus bacteria as a function of UV dose and (B) Change in the ratio of 1158 cm -1 to 1450 cm -1 Raman band intensities of M. luteus bacteria as a function of UV dose. The error bars https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-resonance-raman-spectra-differences-between-three-16p1bxyn.png Fig. 5 (A) Resonance Raman spectra differences between three bacteria strains.(B) Identification of bacteria strains by applying PCA to the recorded resonance Raman spectra of three different bacteria. The recorded resonance Raman spectra were normalized with respect to the lipid band at 1450 cm -1 after baseline correction. The PCA analysis was performed using MATLAB. https://scispace.com/papers/resonant-laser-snms-of-boron-for-analysis-of-2xjv9elfxl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-11b-40ca-ratio-directly-measured-on-a-calcite-shell-a-2dk094lr.png Fig. 3. 11B/40Ca ratio directly measured on a calcite shell (a) without pre-sputtering and (b) with pre-sputtering. https://scispace.com/papers/resonant-scattering-by-magnetic-impurities-as-a-model-for-19ti87prl0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-calculated-electronic-structure-of-qj2cnnta.png FIG. 1 (color online). Calculated electronic structure of bilayer graphene with hydrogen adatoms. Panels (a) and (b) are for dimer adatoms, (c) and (d) for nondimer ones. In (a) and (c) we plot the electronic band structures: dotted lines are spin-unpolarized firstprinciples calculations using a 7 × 7 supercell, while solid lines are tight-binding fits as described in text. Panels (b) and (d) show unperturbed, ϱþ0 ðEÞ þ ϱ−0 ðEÞ, and perturbed, RCðEÞ (with adatom concentration of η ¼ 0.05%), DOS per atom and spin. Dimer adatoms (b) show a narrow resonant peak near the charge neutrality point at Eres ≃ 22.5 meV with the full width at half maximum Γ≃ 8.4 meV. Nondimer adatoms (d) induce a broad resonance at Eres ≃ 26.1 meV with Γ≃ 165.2 meV. For plotting DOS we perform running averages of 20 meV. Insets: schemes of the tight-binding model Hamiltonian, H0 þH0, Eqs. (1) and (3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-effect-of-electron-hole-puddles-on-2khjzhwh.png FIG. 3 (color online). The effect of electron-hole puddles on spin relaxation in SLG and BLG. From top to bottom: The spinrelaxation rate exhibits two resonance peaks due to singlet-triplet splitting ΔEST. The splitting of the peaks is greater in BLG. The peaks are broadened by temperature and carrier density fluctuation Δn which is very different for SLG and BLG, due to their different DOS. For a given temperature and density fluctuation Δn the energy smearing in SLG σbr ≃ ΔEST, while in BLG σbr ≪ ΔEST. After broadening, the spin-relaxation rate around the charge neutrality point in SLG has the opposite trend as the unbroadened rate. In BLG the original trend is preserved. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-calculated-spin-relaxation-rates-1-ts-as-1dgomfb3.png FIG. 2 (color online). Calculated spin-relaxation rates 1=τs as a function of energy (carrier density) for impurity concentration η ¼ 0.17 ppm. (a) Zero temperature, unbroadened, rates for dimer (red solid) and nondimer (black solid) adatoms, as well as the resulting average 1=τs (blue dotted line). For reference the SLG calculation is also shown (gray dashed-dotted line). (b)–(d) Spinrelaxation rates for three representative temperatures. Theoretical data (blue solid) are broadened, simulating the presence of electronhole puddles, with a Fermi level smearing of 23 meV. Circles and diamonds represent data points from Aachen-Singapore (AS) [7] and Riverside (R) [8] experiments, respectively. The two shoulders (spin-relaxation edges) at 100 meV are exchange-split resonances. At high carrier densities the model predicts a decrease of the spin-relaxation rate. https://scispace.com/papers/resource-allocation-for-licensed-unlicensed-carrier-4tzne28kvi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-performance-of-the-proposed-approach-under-the-perfect-2vd53l5v.png Fig. 1: Performance of the proposed approach under the perfect CSI case https://scispace.com/papers/resonant-optical-excitation-of-longitudinal-optical-phonons-1asigdeqon 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-intensity-scale-plot-of-the-pl-versus-qwyzs8nz.png FIG. 3. Color online Intensity scale plot of the PL versus excitation and detection energy. The dotted line is 41.3 meV below the laser energy. Notice that also the trion X+ resonates at the same excess energy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-polarization-resolved-pl-spectra-for-2kba3g70.png FIG. 2. Color online Polarization resolved PL spectra for varying excitation energies. Left and right panel show the linearly counterpolarized exciton states X and Y, respectively. Bottom panel: the fine structure split exciton lines X and Y resonate for excitation at 41.3 meV above the respective emission lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-resonantly-1-64-ev-black-and-3f57bwzx.png FIG. 1. Color online Resonantly 1.64 eV, black and nonresonantly 2.41 eV, blue excited PL. The marked peaks are the exciton X0, biexciton XX, and probably trion X+ of the same QD. The PLE spectrum of X0 red curve shows phonon resonances at 31, 41, 51, and 75 meV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-polarization-resolved-pl-spectra-for-c7v36olh.png FIG. 4. Color online Polarization resolved PL spectra for excitation near the Y exciton resonance. Both X, Y exciton states can mostly be observed for Y polarized excitation, indicating a doubly resonant process. https://scispace.com/papers/resonant-suppression-of-thermal-stability-of-the-3ao9kbgouw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-frequency-dependence-of-the-period-tq-of-2w9qugwt.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Frequency dependence of the period T̃Q of the precession angle +1(t̃) in the case of Q mode. The rotating field parameters are taken as ρ = +1 and h̃ = 0.25. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-schematic-time-dependence-of-the-polar-2je19lqu.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Schematic time dependence of the polar angle θ (t̃) in the regions P+1 and P † +1 shown in Fig. 1. The change of the magnetic moment state σ from +1 to −1 occurs at t̃ = t̃0 + t̃rel + t̃+1, when θ (t̃) reaches the angle θ0 = 0.8π (the horizontal dashed line) for the first time. For a given trajectory θ (t̃), the lifetime of the P mode in the state σ = +1 is equal to t̃+1. RunningN 1 trajectories, the mean lifetime can be evaluated as T+1 = (1/N ) ∑N i=1 t̃ (i) +1 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-frequency-dependencies-of-the-lifetime-of-3abe9cxb.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Frequency dependencies of the lifetime of the precessional modes induced by the rotating field with ρ = +1 in the up state (σ = +1) of the magnetic moment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-diagram-of-the-precessional-modes-for-sr-zea4mhl9.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Diagram of the precessional modes for σρ = +1. The regions in the h̃-ω̃ plane where different P modes exist at σρ = +1 are denoted as P+1 (white) and P†+1 (light-green). The Q mode is realized in the white shaded region. In the region denoted as P−1 (blue), the stable precessional modes with σρ = +1 do not exist. Here, only the P mode with σρ = −1 is realized. The vertical dotted lines (a), (b), (c), and (d) correspond to h̃ = 0.05, 0.1, 0.18, and 0.25, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-time-dependence-of-the-difference-of-1gzqnnzw.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Time dependence of the difference of phases +1(t̃) = −νt̃ + +1(t̃) in the case of Q mode. Insert: time dependence of the function +1(t̃). The parameters of the rotating field are the same as in Fig. 3 and ν = 0.38. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-time-dependence-of-the-precession-angle-1-1qsqqvwh.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Time dependence of the precession angle +1(t̃) in the case of Q mode. The parameters of the rotating field are as follows: ρ = +1, ω̃ = 0.725, and h̃ = 0.25. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-frequency-dependence-of-the-precession-3mmnr2u3.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Frequency dependence of the precession angle +1 for different modes that exist at h̃ = 0.25. The frequencies ω̃1 = 0.49, ω̃2 = 0.70, and ω̃3 = 0.89 are the coordinates of the points in which the vertical dotted line (d), see Fig. 1, crosses the boundaries of the diagram (ω̃1, ω̃2, and ω̃3 depend on h̃). The green line (with squares) and brown line (with triangles) show the frequency dependence of max +1(t̃) and min +1(t̃), respectively, in the case of Q mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-dependence-of-the-resonant-frequency-of-13vxhldc.png FIG. 8. (Color online) Dependence of the resonant frequency of the lifetime T+1 on the rotating field amplitude. https://scispace.com/papers/resource-allocation-for-statistical-estimation-kojuu1wjzr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-our-setup-the-analyst-chooses-an-2yjqrou7.png Figure 1: Illustration of our setup: the analyst chooses an allocation of resources (r1, . . . , rN ) ∈ R to the different sources and an aggregation scheme a ∈ A to obtain an estimate Ŷ that minimizes the overall loss ∆(a; ℓ1(r1), . . . , ℓN (rN )). https://scispace.com/papers/resource-analyses-for-parallel-and-distributed-coordination-1v3eapeuol 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-implementation-of-p-fork-instruction-z49ifjva.png Figure 12. Implementation of P : fork instruction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-general-model-of-resource-analysis-1gbvle6c.png Figure 1. A general model of resource analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-implementation-of-p-parallel-stack-machine-260t4lbo.png Figure 11. Implementation of P : parallel stack machine instructions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-realisation-compilation-rules-for-p-8u9u1tb1.png Figure 13. Realisation: compilation rules for P . https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-parallel-runtimes-for-nested-implementations-3jnqx4on.png Table II. Parallel runtimes for nested implementations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-profiler-output-ddkq95xr.png Table I. Profiler output. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-simple-arithmetic-language-a-1731rt7i.png Figure 2. A simple arithmetic language, A. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-managing-10-amps-on-four-homogeneous-locations-j1ogbd88.png Figure 20. Managing 10 AMPs on four homogeneous locations. https://scispace.com/papers/resource-and-placement-optimization-for-multiple-uavs-using-4v6q5jtnh7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-total-end-to-end-users-data-rate-versus-uavs-peak-2lef0fkh.png Fig. 4: Total end-to-end users data rate versus UAVs’ peak transmit power for U = 20 users and B0 = 1 MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-total-end-to-end-throughput-versus-uavs-peak-transmit-15rs2p62.png Fig. 5: Total end-to-end throughput versus UAVs’ peak transmit power for U = 20 users and P̄l = 30 dBm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-model-jmdht00v.png Fig. 1: System model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-convergence-of-the-proposed-s-r-process-3b0la034.png Fig. 6: Convergence of the proposed S&R process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-parameters-2299go1t.png Table I: Simulation parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-uavs-placement-and-association-2xx3hwv5.png Fig. 3: UAVs’ placement and association https://scispace.com/papers/resource-and-revenue-management-in-nonprofit-operations-2padbsn580 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-maximum-percentage-expected-gain-from-banking-over-e3ig0ttc.png Figure 4: Maximum percentage expected gain from banking over all possible initial asset levels. This maximum ratio of the two value functions is plotted over a range of prices (and same demand distributions). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optimal-policy-with-banking-3omfgssf.png Figure 3: Optimal policy with banking. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ratio-of-the-value-functions-with-dynamic-price-and-1cfuyqu1.png Figure 5: Ratio of the value functions with dynamic price and with fixed price. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-capacity-provided-for-each-class-of-customers-value-xi3un6ys.png Figure 1: Capacity provided for each class of customers. Value functions for fixed-proportion policy with different ratios, and maximum over all ratios. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-of-non-monotonic-price-value-function-and-regew3k6.png Figure 6: Example of non-monotonic price: value function and optimal price. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-capacity-provided-for-each-class-of-customers-max-2hk18asa.png Figure 2: Capacity provided for each class of customers. Max. of value functions for fixedproportion policies, and value function for optimal policy. https://scispace.com/papers/resource-challenges-experienced-by-hiv-positive-women-on-the-44p2edki3y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-superordinate-theme-themes-and-sub-themes-1spy3ksb.png Table 1: Summary of superordinate-theme, themes and sub-themes. https://scispace.com/papers/resource-discovery-with-evolving-tuples-3tosfstc9b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-discovery-process-iiyztn4r.png Figure 4: The discovery process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-dissemination-of-discovery-request-tuples-1j8bxewn.png Figure 5: The dissemination of discovery request tuples followed by the return of discovery reply https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ad-hoc-network-using-tuples-to-exchange-application-1ck8aoa9.png Figure 1: Ad-Hoc network using tuples to exchange application data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tuple-propagation-mechanics-3gc153p9.png Figure 2: Tuple propagation mechanics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-discovery-tuple-48vlmito.png Figure 3: Example discovery tuple https://scispace.com/papers/resource-management-strategies-for-mobile-web-based-services-1w6ezahvfq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-average-cpuutilization-3lenor22.png TABLE II AVERAGE CPUUTILIZATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-low-growth-scenario-for-social-multimedia-web-site-381w10fz.png Fig. 4. Low-growth scenario for social-multimedia Web site https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-high-growth-scenario-for-social-multimedia-web-site-6m7m5vbw.png Fig. 5. High-growth scenario for social-multimedia Web site https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-high-growth-scenario-for-online-news-web-sites-3k28w83r.png Fig. 3. High-growth scenario for online-news Web sites https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-average-cpuutilization-high-growth-scenario-a-1-iu3674ro.png TABLE III AVERAGE CPUUTILIZATION - HIGH-GROWTH SCENARIO(α = 1) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-expected-evolution-of-response-time-for-social-multi-5chzuzhw.png Fig. 2. Expected evolution of response time for social-multi edia Web sites https://scispace.com/papers/resource-productivity-of-rice-cultivation-in-tripura-a-1oafw6b17w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-resource-productivity-in-paddy-cultivation-in-valley-2u8qgl1d.png Table 2. Resource productivity in paddy cultivation in valley region of Tripura https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-resource-productivity-in-paddy-cultivation-in-hill-11u85ekx.png Table 1. Resource productivity in paddy cultivation in hill region of Tripura https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-overall-resource-productivity-in-paddy-cultivation-2mgpqqnb.png Table 3. Overall resource productivity in paddy cultivation in Tripura https://scispace.com/papers/respirator-cartridge-filter-efficiency-under-cyclic-and-4emn218bci 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-aerosol-penetration-of-msa-type-s-filter-cartridges-at-3h09n3an.png Fig. 5. Aerosol penetration of MSA Type-S filter cartridges at cyclic-flow https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-pleated-cartridge-pressure-drop-vs-filter-disk-3m2me1tw.png TABLE III PLEATED-CARTRIDGE PRESSURE DROP VS FILTER-DISK PRESSURE DROP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-solenoid-valve-1ahomyy7.png Fig. 3. Solenoid valve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-air-sampling-system-3rqu26i8.png Fig. 2. Air sampling system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-aerosol-penetration-of-msa-type-s-filter-cartridges-at-1uc7ixuz.png Fig. 4. Aerosol penetration of MSA Type-S filter cartridges at cyclic-flow https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-aerosol-penetration-of-whatman-41-f-i-l-t-e-r-medium-2o4t01v1.png Fig. 8. Aerosol penetration of Whatman 41 f i l t e r medium at cyclic-flow work rates of 415, 6 22, and 830 kg-m/ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-aerosol-penetration-of-whatman-41-filter-medium-at-199g31e3.png Fig. 9. Aerosol penetration of Whatman 41 filter medium at cyclic-flow work rates of 622 kg-m/min and 622 kg-m/ min plus 8 liters/min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-aerosol-penetration-of-welsh-7500-7-filter-cartridges-1gjkvu59.png Fig. 6. Aerosol penetration of Welsh 7500-7 filter cartridges at cyclic-flow https://scispace.com/papers/resource-sharing-in-pipelined-cdfg-synthesis-577rfibc11 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-sample-input-for-the-intra-pipeline-stage-3n7my11p.png Figure 1: A sample input for the intra-pipeline stage resource sharing problem. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-modules-used-adders-multipliers-and-multiplexers-37t45mpf.png Table 1: Modules used (adders, multipliers, and multiplexers). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reduction-in-area-after-synthesis-jn0hz6c5.png Table 2: Reduction in area after synthesis. https://scispace.com/papers/respiratory-rate-estimation-from-multilead-directions-based-2nf5jmkc9h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-minimum-average-error-in-bpm-obtained-in-12-from-the-1jrtzeee.png Table 3: Minimum average error in bpm obtained in [12] from the RPA signals of the Physionet MGH/MF database. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evaluation-data-charateristics-as-in-12-cardiac-3qt5gpwc.png Table 1: Evaluation data charateristics as in [12]. Cardiac Rhythm - SR: sinus rhythm, ST: sinus tachycardia, SB: sinus bradycardia, VP: ventricular pacing, AP: atrial pacing, AF: atrial fibrillation, AFL: atrial flutter, JR: junctional rhythm. Respiratory condition - S: spontaneous, C: controlled, IMV: intermittent mandatory ventilation. For IMV, the Rr range is reported. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-errors-average-bpm-across-files-of-estimated-rr-for-5aixv1p3.png Table 2: Errors average (bpm) across files of estimated Rr for each orthogonalization method (OM) - 2 orthogonal leads from 2 known leads (O2KL), Gram-Schmidt algorithm (O3GS), principal components (O3PC) -, with respect to the reference values based on respiratory impedance waveform: Rrriw (Burg estimation) or Rrtru (combination of 5 estimations). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-mae-values-in-bmp-with-respect-to-rrriw-from-2zj2z731.png Figure 1: The MAE values in bmp with respect to Rrriw, from the directions u estimated with each of the three ortogonalization methods. https://scispace.com/papers/responding-to-the-challenge-of-providing-learner-centred-2ifve3fmgt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-transformation-augmentation-and-3k83i4yk.png Table 1: Examples of Transformation, Augmentation and Substitution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-portland-vle-symbolised-log-in-screen-kah8qx36.png Figure 1: The Portland VLE Symbolised Log-in Screen https://scispace.com/papers/response-factors-enable-rapid-quantitative-2d-nmr-analysis-kajvkfx8j7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-correlations-between-integrals-from-1h-13c-hsqc-oq5ig2yy.png Figure 3. Correlations between integrals from 1H-13C HSQC normalised to the internal standard (DMSO) integral and quantitative 13C NMR integrals normalised to internal standard. Correlations and linear regressions are shown for four selected products of the Sn-Beta catalysed xylose conversion in methanol. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-hydroxyl-region-of-the-1h-13c-hsqc-spectra-with-15uz7u6u.png Figure 2. The hydroxyl region of the 1H-13C HSQC spectra with a selection of identified products indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-selected-internal-standards-and-their-vzvyioil.png Table 1. Overview of selected internal standards and their performance on conditions 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stability-of-internal-standards-over-time-the-1xtv0ajm.png Figure 1. Stability of internal standards over time. The recovery of NMR signal for five compounds is displayed after 0.5, 2, 8, and 24 hours. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-contour-plot-of-a-1h-13c-hsqc-spectrum-recorded-3mra39pb.png Figure 4. (A) Contour plot of a 1H-13C-HSQC spectrum recorded without 1H decoupling during the 13C evolution time. Only small variation (and highly similar 1H-13C magnetization transfer efficiency) exists for different a-hydroxy esters. (B) Response factor as a function of molecular weight when using inter-scan recycle delays of 1 second. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1h-13c-hsqc-response-factors-for-the-indicated-3st21mqf.png Figure 5. 1H-13C HSQC response factors for the indicated ahydroxyesters when using inter-scan recycle delays of 1 second and 15 seconds, respectively. Complete 1H relaxation leads to more homogeneous response factors near 0.33 relative to DMSO. https://scispace.com/papers/response-learning-confounds-accurate-assays-of-inhibitory-2v6ikisoz1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-order-of-procedures-for-training-and-testing-2nw4rkms.png Fig. 1 Schematic order of procedures for training and testing apparatuses. Subjects began with (1) cylinder 1, where they participated in baseline assays of IC using (a) training and (b) test apparatuses, and proceeded to (2) response training, where all birds participated in (a) habituation trials, after which they were assigned to (b1) moving-barrier and (b2) stationarybarrier treatments and then all birds were presented with a (c) shortcut trial. Cubes represent the experimental chamber and the relative position of each apparatus. Finally, all birds were retested on (3) Cylinder 2 (as in 1b) to determine how response training treatments influenced subsequent inhibitory control performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-predictor-variables-and-model-outputs-for-glmms-1lz8axd8.png Table 1 Predictor variables and model outputs for GLMMs (pecks: models 1, 2, 3b and reward worm latencies: model 3a, c), and GLM (reward worm latencies: model 4; pecks: model 5) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-response-training-latencies-mean-sem-to-acquire-a-2f61ziac.png Fig. 3 Response training latencies (mean ± SEM) to acquire a reward worm positioned behind a transparent barrier across 10 trials, for males (dashed line) and females (solid line) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-response-training-latencies-to-acquire-the-reward-worm-1idz3pwy.png Fig. 2 Response training. Latencies to acquire the reward worm (top) positioned behind a transparent barrier and pecks, indicating prepotent errors (bottom) across 10 trials, for birds in the moving-barrier (dashed line) and stationary-barrier (solid line) treatment groups (mean ± SEM) https://scispace.com/papers/response-of-a-marine-terminating-greenland-outlet-glacier-to-25rj86uimx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lithostratigraphy-of-four-sediment-cores-recovered-37otrfpm.png Figure 2. Lithostratigraphy of four sediment cores recovered from Pluto Lake with 14C ages (cal yr BP; 2s). LOI ‐ loss on ignition; MS ‐ magnetic susceptibility. Detailed radiocarbon information can be found in Table S3. Photograph of Pluto Lake shown in Figure S4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-area-on-west-greenland-a-latitudinal-extent-2cnf47x7.png Figure 1. Study area on west Greenland. (a) Latitudinal extent of the Fjord Stade moraines on west Greenland [Weidick, 1968; Funder et al., 2011] and the location of Disko Bugt (arrow). (b) Disko Bugt region with generalized Fjord Stade moraines [Weidick, 1968]; following a last glacial maximum position on the continental shelf, Jakobshavn Isbræ retreated through Disko Bugt by ca. 10.3 kyr ago [Lloyd et al., 2005] before depositing the Fjord Stade moraines between ca. 10 – 7.9 kyr ago. (c) Marrait (red lines) and Tassiusaq (white lines) moraines at Jakobshavn Isfjord [Weidick, 1968; Young et al., 2011]. 10Be ages are presented in kyr at 1s and in four distinct morphostratigraphic groups: 1) outboard of the Fjord Stade moraines (red), 2) inboard of the Marrait moraine (black), 3) Tasiussaq moraine boulders (green), and 4) directly inboard of the Tasiussaq moraine (orange). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-10be-and-radiocarbon-ages-constraining-the-fjord-2oftnpk8.png Figure 3. 10Be and radiocarbon ages constraining the Fjord Stade moraines at Jakobshavn Isfjord. We present individual 10Be ages with 1s analytical uncertainties and the mean 10Be age of each morphostratigraphic group with a 10Be production rate uncertainty of ∼5% (bullseyes). Colorway is from Figure 1. Maximum‐ (left pointing arrows) and minimum‐constraining (right pointing arrows) radiocarbon ages are from Pluto Lake. Fifty years has been added to each radiocarbon age to make them compatible with the ice‐core chronology (before AD 2000; b2k). Also depicted is the mean radiocarbon age from Pluto Lake (diamond) constrainingMarrait moraine deposition to 9,225±45 b2k. 10Be ages constraining the Marrait moraine are located inboard of themoraine andmust be younger than the radiocarbon constraints. Results compared to d18O values from the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) ice core [Rasmussen et al., 2007] and methane concentrations from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project Two (GISP2) ice core [Kobashi et al., 2007, and references therein]. https://scispace.com/papers/response-of-extremophile-microbiome-to-a-rare-rainfall-vpsrgo7yvw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-average-taxonomic-composition-of-halite-microbial-2e21zfj7.png Fig. 1 Average taxonomic composition of halite microbial communities from Site 1 before (2014, 2015) and after (2016, 2017) the rain event, estimated from whole metagenome reads with KRAKEN and visualized with KronaTools https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fine-scale-taxonomic-composition-shifts-across-time-1evpdhub.png Fig. 4 Fine-scale taxonomic composition shifts across time. Fine-scale compositional changes of halite communities over time shown with (a) hierarchical clustering (correlation metric) of an Unweighted Unifrac dissimilarity matrix (based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing), (b) hierarchical clustering (Euclidean metric) of standardized MAG abundances, (c) PCA of co-assembly contig abundances, and (d) weighted distributions of taxonomic turnover (TTI) of functional niches between time points. The TTI of each functional category estimates the changes in organisms that encode it (see the Methods section) https://scispace.com/papers/response-of-grass-seedlings-to-smoke-water-and-smoke-derived-3aoo9mhpqh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-different-concentrations-of-smoke-water-sw-1sd9ncwi.png Table 2. Effect of different concentrations of smoke-water (SW) and butenolide (B) in absence of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), or potassium (K) on seedling growth parameters of grass species under greenhouse conditions (n5 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-different-concentrations-of-smoke-water-4asf7kmy.png Figure 2. Effect of different concentrations of smoke-water (SW) and butenolide (B) on seedling vigor index of grass species in the absence of N, P, or K under greenhouse conditions. Bar (6 SE) with different letters is significantly different by Tukey’s test (P , 0.05; n5 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-general-anova-with-main-effects-and-their-3mr1k85s.png Table 3. General ANOVA with main effects and their interactions for seedling length (shoot + root length) of three mesic grassland species. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-nutrient-solution-50-hoaglands-with-or-raazk1uy.png Table 1. Effect of nutrient solution (50% Hoagland’s) with or without N, P, or K on seedling growth parameters of grass species grown under greenhouse conditions (n5 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-different-concentrations-of-smoke-water-tor7lfqg.png Figure 1. Effect of different concentrations of smoke-water (SW) and butenolide (B) on shoot and root growth of grass species in the absence of N, P, or K under greenhouse conditions. Bar (6 SE) with asterisk symbol is significantly different to the respective control by Tukey’s test (P , 0.05; n5 3). https://scispace.com/papers/response-of-microscale-turbulence-and-transport-to-the-2unlqys2i8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-c-contour-plots-of-the-heat-flux-before-during-and-1gg8svs9.png FIG. 7. (a)–(c) Contour plots of the heat flux before, during and after the FiTP vanishing Fig. 1. The dashed curves indicate the magnetic island separatrix. (d) Evolution of the heat flux C ¼ hTi@y/i for different gi. Here, g ¼ 0:001. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-evolution-of-averaged-ky-spectra-in-fig-1-b-averaged-2vy06h0c.png FIG. 4. (a) Evolution of averaged ky spectra in Fig. 1; (b) averaged ky spectra for different gi. Here, g ¼ 0:001. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dependence-of-growth-rates-of-the-tearing-usual-itg-rjxcbqbd.png FIG. 5. Dependence of growth rates of the tearing, usual ITG and sw-MITG modes on gi. Here, g ¼ 0:001. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-contour-plots-of-ti-w-and-n-before-a-c-t1-4-690-and-2gic2p7q.png FIG. 3. Contour plots of Ti, w, and n before ((a)–(c), t¼ 690) and after ((d)–(f), t¼ 850) the FiTP vanishing in Fig. 1. The dashed curves indicate the magnetic island separatrix. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-evolution-of-the-magnetic-energy-for-different-gi-b-fma6xywt.png FIG. 6. (a) Evolution of the magnetic energy for different gi. (b) The left vertical axis is the time sequence to start (tstart) and end (tend) the FiTP vanishing, then excite the sw-MITG mode for different gi. The right one corresponds to the critical island width for the sw-MITG onset versus gi. Here, g ¼ 0:001. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-evolution-of-averaged-kinetic-energy-a-and-fluctuating-16syji8j.png FIG. 1. Evolution of averaged kinetic energy (a) and fluctuating ion temperature (b). Here, gi ¼ 0:95, g ¼ 0:001. The light and dark grey-shaded parts mark the phases of the sw-MITG excitation and the FiTP vanishing, respectively. Parallel dashed lines are for reference to measure averagely the growth rate of the sw-MITG mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-radial-profiles-of-reconstructed-ti-at-x-point-and-o-22o0sft6.png FIG. 2. Radial profiles of reconstructed Ti at X-point and O-point at t¼ 690 (a) and t¼ 850 (b) in the simulation of Fig. 1. The dotted-dashed lines mark the magnetic island width. https://scispace.com/papers/response-of-lake-pontchartrain-fish-assemblages-to-1u0in48o1y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-values-and-standard-errors-s-e-for-3mypg0vv.png Table 3 Mean values and standard errors (S.E.) for environmental variables measured pre- and post-hurricanes by gear and season. 706 Significance (p) values for the factor Pre/Post hurricanes were calculated from either MANOVA/ANOVA, ANOVA, or Friedman’s 707 tests. MANOVA was performed when the test of the preliminary assumption that the covariance matrices of the dependent variables 708 are the same across groups in the population was met, as indicated by the Box’s test. For those combinations of environmental 709 variables that could be tested by MANOVA, this test was performed with the environmental variables as dependent factors and 710 Pre/Post (shown), Site, and Pre/Post*Site as the independent factors. For MANOVA, the Overall Pre/Post significance value indicates 711 the significance of the Pre/Post factor. If this was significant, subsequent ANOVAs were run for each variable, with the post-hoc error 712 rate adjusted to 0.025. If the Box’s test was significant or the MANOVA could not be performed, an ANOVA was performed 713 individually for each variable, without the error rate adjustment. ANOVAs were performed for those variables that met the 714 homogeneity of variance test (Levene’s). If ANOVA could not be performed (i.e., Levene’s test was significant), then Friedman’s test 715 (a non-parametric rank-based procedure; seasonally, with site averages as the block and Pre/Post as the factor) was performed. 716 Bolded values indicate significant results and Pre/Post trends in environmental variables are indicated. 717 718 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numbers-of-nekton-collections-made-from-lake-2y60l9ox.png Table 1 Numbers of nekton collections made from Lake Pontchartrain 671 both pre- (2000-2003, 2005) and post-hurricanes (2005-2009) using three 672 gear types: trawls, beach seines, and gillnets. 673 https://scispace.com/papers/response-of-saturn-s-auroral-ionosphere-to-electron-51k1cz2ig8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pedersen-squares-and-hall-circles-ionospheric-1rdjpbt3.png Figure 4. Pedersen (squares) and Hall (circles) ionospheric conductances as a function of the mean energy of the incident auroral electrons, Em, under solar illumination at noon (SZA of 78°). The distribution of the incident electrons is assumed to be Maxwellian with an energy flux, Q0, of 0.2 mW m−2. The Pedersen and Hall ionospheric conductances obtained for solar illumination alone (no auroral particle precipitation) are shown with horizontal, dotted and dashed lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-calculated-and-observed-effective-h3-zcdbei9o.png Table 1. Comparison of Calculated and Observed Effective H3 + Column Temperature TF and Density NF a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-neutral-atmospheric-a-density-and-b-temperature-3jtjjvup.png Figure 1. Neutral atmospheric (a) density and (b) temperature profiles in altitude resulting from the 3‐D neutral STIM model at 78°S latitude at equinox (Texo = 510 K) (solid lines). The reference profiles (Texo = 420 K) derived by Moses et al. [2000] are shown as dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-local-time-dependence-of-the-energy-flux-of-the-33vzcmlq.png Figure 5. (a) Local time dependence of the energy flux of the incident auroral electrons, Q0, assumed to have a Maxwellian distribution in energy and a mean energy, Em, of 10 keV (solid line). The LT relative variation is based on the variation of the UV brightness inferred from the analysis of HST/UV images within the main oval [Lamy et al., 2009]. The absolute values of the energy flux are such that the minimum value is 0, and the mean value is equal to the reference level of 0.2 mW m−2. The baseline case associated with a constant energy flux equal to the reference level is shown as dashed line. (b) Same as Figure 5a but for the Pedersen ionospheric conductances. The energy flux of the incident auroral electrons shifted by 23 Saturn minutes and normalized to the maximum value of the Pedersen conductance is also shown with dotted lines. (c) Same as Figure 5a but for the Hall ionospheric conductances. The energy flux of the incident auroral electrons shifted by 10 Saturn minutes and normalized to the maximum value of the Hall conductance is also shown with dotted lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-pressure-versus-altitude-derived-from-the-3-d-294wirfc.png Figure 2. (a) Pressure versus altitude derived from the 3‐D STIM atmospheric profile (Texo = 510 K) (solid line) and from the reference profile by Moses et al. [2000] (Texo = 420 K) (dashed line). (b) Same as Figure 2a but for the H2 column density above. The markers correspond to the pressure and H2 column density at the altitude of maximum energy deposition for Em = 10 keV (triangle) using the STIM atmosphere and for Em = 500 eV using the 78°S STIM atmosphere (star) and reference atmosphere (circle). For visibility reasons, the case of 10 keV using the reference atmosphere has not been plotted as it overlaps with the 10 keV case using the STIM atmosphere. The transport of auroral electrons and the column density valid along the path were calculated for the dip angle at 78°S, i.e., 82°. The reference altitude is taken to be the 1 bar level, and the top of the atmosphere is taken at a pressure of 4.4 × 10−9 mbar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-electron-density-from-stim-calculations-at-78degs-1pf22evp.png Figure 6. Electron density from STIM calculations at 78°S latitude, at noon (SZA of 78°), at equinox, during solar minimum conditions, under solar illumination in the absence of electron precipitation, with both thermospheric wind un and plasma diffusion drift ui,d considered for deriving the ion drift (thick, solid line), with the meridional, thermospheric wind un,m turned off (dashed line), with the vertical, thermospheric wind un,v turned off (dash‐dotted line), with the total thermospheric wind turned off (dotted line), and with the total ion drift (un and ui,d) turned off (thin, solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-secondary-electron-production-rates-from-stim-1i6yr02j.png Figure 3. (a) Secondary electron production rates from STIM calculations at 78°S latitude, at noon (SZA = 78°), at equinox, during solar minimum, for the soft electron case [auroral electrons (Em = 500 eV, Q0 = 0.2 mW m −2) + photoelectrons] (solid line), the hard electron case [auroral electrons (Em = 10 keV, Q0 = 0.2 mW m −2) + photoelectrons] (dashed line), and solar illumination alone (photoelectrons) (dash‐dotted line). The energy distribution of the incident auroral electrons is a Maxwellian. The primary electron production due to photoionization by solar photons is plotted with dotted line. (b) Same as Figure 3a but for the thermal electron heating rate. (c) Same as Figure 3a but for electron density. The dash‐dotted line represents the electron density derived from solar illumination alone taking into account both photo‐ and electron‐impact ionization. (d) Same as Figure 3a but for electron temperature. The neutral temperature, same as shown in Figure 1b, is plotted as dotted line for reference. (e) Same as Figure 3a but for Pedersen conductivities. (f) Same as Figure 3a but for Hall conductivities. The vertical axis on the right provides an approximate altitude value of the pressures given on the vertical axis on the left using the thermospheric conditions from Figure 1. https://scispace.com/papers/response-of-phytoplankton-to-enhanced-atmospheric-and-b4imyrnme6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-map-of-the-west-galician-coast-with-the-location-of-i7g1nqwi.png Fig. 1: (A) Map of the west Galician coast with the location of the Silleiro buoy (◆) and (B) 144 map of the Ría de Vigo with the location of the sampling station (●), the river Oitabén-Verdugo (▲) and 145 the meteorological stations in the IIM (+) and in the City Hall (X). The coastal station where addition 146 experiments took place is indicated by an arrow. 147 148 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chemical-composition-of-the-natural-inputs-added-to-2hyizsqm.png Table 2: Chemical composition of the natural inputs added to the incubation bags at each experiment. All 337 concentrations in µM. DOC: dissolved organic carbon; DON: dissolved organic nitrogen. 338 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-response-ratios-treatment-control-for-chl-a-1k9xgjqs.png Fig. 4: Response ratios (treatment/control) for Chl a concentrations and primary production rates in spring 351 (a,b), summer (c,d) and autumn (e,f). Horizontal line denotes the response ratio = 1. Atm.: Atmospheric 352 inputs; I: controlled inorganic additions; O: controlled organic additions; M: controlled mixed additions. 353 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-relative-abundance-of-major-phytoplankton-groups-at-3tnp3qsk.png Fig. 6: Relative abundance of major phytoplankton groups at the end of the experiment in spring (a), 466 summer (b) and autumn (c). Synecho: Synechococcus-type cyanobacteria, APF: autotrophic 467 picoflagellates, ANF: autotrophic nanoflagellates. C: Control (no additions); I: controlled inorganic 468 additions; O: controlled organic additions; M: controlled mixed additions. 469 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-initial-conditions-for-each-experiment-before-28cjiqvg.png Table 1: Initial conditions for each experiment before natural and controlled additions of inorganic and 297 organic nutrients. DOC: dissolved organic carbon; DON: dissolved organic nitrogen; Chla: Chlorophyll a; 298 PP: primary production; Phyto: Phytoplankton. 299 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-in-situ-phytoplankton-communities-at-the-beginning-of-evwctbk1.png Fig. 3: In situ phytoplankton communities at the beginning of each experiment: a) abundance and b) 310 biomass of major phytoplankton groups. Synecho: Synechococcus-type cyanobacteria; APF: autotrophic 311 picoflagellates; ANF: autotrophic nanoflagellates. 312 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-response-ratios-treatment-control-of-phytoplankton-2tpm0jfi.png Fig. 5: Response ratios (treatment/control) of phytoplankton groups showing significant responses to 416 treatments in spring (a-c), summer (d-f) and autumn (g-i). Synecho: Synechococcus-type cyanobacteria, 417 APF: autotrophic picoflagellates, ANF: autotrophic nanoflagellates. Horizontal line denotes the response 418 ratio = 1. Atm.: Atmospheric inputs; I: controlled inorganic additions; O: controlled organic additions; M: 419 controlled mixed additions. The levels of significance of t-tests, performed between each treatment and 420 the control, are: *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. In the experiments of July and October, only one bag of 421 each treatment was analyzed for nano and microphytoplankton at 48h, so we don’t have statistical 422 significance levels for ANF and diatoms at these experiments. 423 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bonferroni-post-hoc-multiple-comparisons-from-ja0am6ey.png Table 4: Bonferroni post hoc multiple comparisons from General Linear Models analysis with the 371 response ratios of Chl a, PP and the several phytoplankton groups as dependent variables and the 372 experiment and treatment as fixed factors. Synecho: Synechococcus-type cyanobacteria, APF: autotrophic 373 picoflagellates, ANF: autotrophic nanoflagellates. For treatment, only significant results are shown. 374 https://scispace.com/papers/response-of-solar-irradiance-to-sunspot-area-variations-2kuddp2l6w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scatterplot-of-the-lowest-nonzero-frequency-4401-1-2fqh3gxn.png Figure 4. Scatterplot of the lowest nonzero frequency (4401−1 day−1) of the Fourier component of the Mg II index ( w∣ ( )∣Y ) vs. that of the DSA ( w∣ ( )∣U ). Here, we display the modulus solely for visualization purposes; the true regression is done in complex space. Also shown is the linear fit, from which the impulse function and the residual are estimated. The dashed lines correspond to±one standard deviation of that fit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-impulse-response-of-the-spectral-solar-38psw6c9.png Figure 5. The impulse response of the spectral solar irradiance due to the emergence of sunspots is plotted for six spectral bands. h(t) is expressed in Wm−2 per unit increase in the DSA, which is in 100 μhem. The shaded bands denote amplitudes for which the impulse response cannot be meaningfully distinguished from a randomly varying input. The width of this band, as well as the error bars plotted, correspond to±one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-impulse-responses-due-to-sunspot-emergence-are-36xkrut1.png Figure 6. The impulse responses due to sunspot emergence are plotted for various solar quantities: the radio flux at 10.7cm (F10.7) and at 30cm (F30); the Mg II core-to-wing index; and the total solar irradiance (TSI). The shaded band and the errors again indicate±one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-input-dsa-upper-plot-is-modeled-to-three-mf6aln75.png Figure 7. The input DSA (upper plot) is modeled to three outputs, with the observations (blue) and their residual contributions r(t) (red) shown: the solar irradiance in the FUV (second plot); the solar irradiance in the visible (third plot); and the TSI (fourth plot). The quiet Sun level has been subtracted from each quantity. The 1σ uncertainty on r(t) is approximately one-eighth of its amplitude. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-magnitude-of-the-impulse-response-h-t-at-t-0-and-1qbeuolg.png Figure 10. Magnitude of the impulse response h(t) at t=0 and one solar rotation later for the FUV band (upper plot), the visible band (middle plot), and the TSI (lower plot). Three values are shown, corresponding to three levels of solar activity. The error bars represent±1σ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-showing-an-input-u-t-that-consists-of-mhw8svpz.png Figure 1. Example showing an input u(t) that consists of random pulses, and the associated response y(t) for the model described by Equation (3) with a relaxation time t = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-the-excellent-agreement-between-the-3tdlofr8.png Figure 2. Illustration of the excellent agreement between the theoretical impulse response h(t) for the model described by Equation (3) (blue line) and that obtained by computing the inverse Fourier transform of w =( )H w w( ) ( )Y U (red plus signs) using the data from the example shown in Figure 1 after adding noise to them. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ratio-between-the-amplitudes-of-r-t-and-y-t-after-3wv2b69o.png Figure 8. Ratio between the amplitudes of r(t) and y(t) after decimating the latter to 27 days. Values larger than one are possible because we use the standard deviation as a coarse measure of amplitude. https://scispace.com/papers/response-of-the-turbidity-maximum-zone-to-fluctuations-in-4eg58fw176 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thirty-two-landsat-images-were-collected-and-grouped-2rairex0.png Table 1. Thirty-two Landsat images were collected and grouped into five series from 1979 to 2008 according to different season and tide type. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-distribution-of-the-tmz-changed-in-the-past-rogi8p71.png Fig. 3. The distribution of the TMZ changed in the past decades. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-tmz-area-variations-among-different-tides-in-the-73t3klsl.png Table 2. The TMZ area variations among different tides in the flood season and the dry season (km2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-landsat-etm-image-rgb-band-7-4-and-2-acquired-on-21-1jr7s1jf.png Fig. 1. Landsat ETM image (RGB: band 7, 4 and 2) acquired on 21 Sep 2009 showing the location of the Changjiang Estuary and this study's area of interest (AOI). The overlaid isobaths were digitised from the marine charts published in April 2011 by the Maritime Safety Administration of China. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sediment-loads-and-tmz-areas-in-the-five-periods-the-1v3n2gud.png Fig. 4. Sediment loads and TMZ areas in the five periods. The sediment loads were averaged for each time series. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-tmz-extraction-results-generally-the-area-was-gtc8h28h.png Fig. 2. The TMZ extraction results, generally the area was larger in spring tide than in neap. https://scispace.com/papers/response-of-tuber-melanosporum-fruiting-to-canopy-opening-in-5cqf9lwflm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-predicted-effect-of-the-interaction-between-time-3f9mntnr.png Fig. 1. Predicted effect of the interaction between time elapsed from treatment and annual latewood growth on annual mean dig abundance per truffière. Lighter colour indicates higher predicted values of the response variable. The between-subject variables are fixed at mean values. Annual latewood growth is expressed as a ratio to the mean value in the period 1997-2008. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-predicted-effect-of-the-interaction-between-annual-14v1lvlr.png Fig. 2. Predicted effect of the interaction between annual latewood growth and pre-treatment dig abundance on post-treatment dig abundance. The values of pre-treatment dig abundance (in season 1997-1998) depicted are the mean in the treated truffières and the mean minus and plus one standard deviation. The remaining variables are fixed at mean values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-attributes-mean-and-standard-deviation-of-the-1s3wtlzk.png Table 1 Attributes (mean and standard deviation) of the treated truffières (n=74), the non-treated truffières (n=10), and the reference areas (n=11). Q. ilex is the dominating host tree in 86% of the treated truffières, 100% of the reference areas and 70% of the non-treated truffières. In the rest, Q. faginea is the dominating host tree (sd: standard deviation). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-anova-table-for-the-effect-of-truffieres-attributes-fxbkwhwm.png Table 2. ANOVA table for the effect of truffières attributes (between-subjects), time and annual latewood growth (within-subject) on post-treatment dig abundance. The response variable has been log transformed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-predicted-effect-of-the-interaction-between-brule-azp3ec95.png Fig. 4. Predicted effect of the interaction between brûlé surface and canopy cover reduction on post-treatment dig abundance (mean annual abundance from year 2 to 9). The values of canopy cover reduction (from 1997 to 2005) depicted are the mean in the treated truffières and the mean minus and plus one standard deviation. The remaining variables are fixed at mean values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-predicted-effect-of-the-interaction-between-brule-f2c569i4.png Fig. 3. Predicted effect of the interaction between brûlé surface and pre-treatment dig abundance on posttreatment dig abundance (mean annual abundance from year 2 to 9). The values of pre-treatment dig abundance (in season 1997-1998) depicted are the mean in the treated truffières and the mean minus and plus one standard deviation. The remaining variables are fixed at mean values. https://scispace.com/papers/response-time-densities-in-generalised-stochastic-petri-net-3h9g01umsu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-numerical-and-simulated-response-time-densities-for-204fiz5w.png Figure 3: Numerical and simulated response time densities for time taken fr om markings where to markings where . Here the transiti on rate parametersare and . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-numerical-and-simulated-responsetime-densities-for-2ophi89p.png Figure 5: Numerical and simulated responsetime densities for time taken from the initiation of a transport layer transmission (i.e. thosemarkings for which ) to the arri val of an acknowledgementpacket (i.e. those markings for which ). Themedian response time (50% quantile) is 0.0048seconds,and the 95% quantile is 0.0114seconds. https://scispace.com/papers/response-surface-methodology-mediated-optimization-of-412o8akqtj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-box-cox-plot-of-model-transformation-for-the-18lkevd8.png Fig. 2 Box–Cox plot of model transformation for the decolorization of RmO by P. aeruginosa BCH https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-3d-response-surface-plot-and-contour-plot-of-nuufyt12.png Fig. 3 a 3D response surface plot and contour plot of interactions of pH and temperature for RmO decolorization. b 3D response surface plot and contour plot of interactions of cell mass and pH for RmO decolorization. c 3D response surface plot and contour plot of interactions of effect of temperature and cell mass on decolorization of RmO decolorization https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-box-behnken-design-matrix-with-variables-along-3uwhi2rj.png Table 1 The Box–Behnken design matrix with variables along with actual and predicted responses Std. order Factor A (pH) Factor B (temp., C) Factor C (cell mass, g l-1) Actual response (Y, %) Predicated response https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bioremediation-enzymes-analysis-of-before-and-after-30al5pom.png Table 4 Bioremediation enzymes analysis of before and after decolorization of dye https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-predicted-solutions-for-model-validation-and-pvpnl9e3.png Table 3 Predicted solutions for model validation and confirmation of Box–Behnken design matrix https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hplc-elution-profile-of-a-dye-and-b-its-biodegradation-1sg1a4dm.png Fig. 4 HPLC elution profile of a dye and b its biodegradation metabolites https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-phytotoxicity-studies-of-remazol-orange-and-its-30oa6n3y.png Table 5 Phytotoxicity studies of Remazol Orange and its biodegraded metabolites https://scispace.com/papers/response-time-dependent-force-perception-during-hand-4vzjh6myr9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-response-time-dependent-jnd-tresp-tresp-functions-6zvik1ni.png Fig. 2. The response-time dependent JND([t̃resp−∆, t̃resp+∆]) functions are U-shaped. Depicted is the mean ± s.e.m across participants. Response time does not have a significant effect on the PSE([t̃resp −∆, t̃resp +∆]) functions. Overall JND and PSE values estimated from the whole dataset are given for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-types-of-response-time-dependent-jnd-and-pse-38zbe4ab.png Fig. 1. Two types of response-time dependent JND and PSE measures are introduced: JND([tresp−∆, tresp+∆]) and PSE([tresp−∆, tresp+∆]) are calculated using responses that were given within a time interval around tresp (left). To determine JND([0, tresp]) and PSE([0, tresp]), all responses given prior to tresp are considered (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-shape-of-the-jnd-0-tresp-functions-are-similar-to-3shp32se.png Fig. 3. The shape of the JND([0, t̃resp]) functions are similar to JND([t̃resp −∆, t̃resp +∆]). The U-shape is less pronounced. JND([0, t̃resp]) and PSE([0, t̃resp]) functions are bound to end in the static estimates of JND and PSE. https://scispace.com/papers/response-to-car-t-cell-therapy-can-be-explained-by-1sta8s7178 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-impact-of-tumor-size-and-growth-rate-on-a-4fpa7ps5.png Figure 4: The impact of tumor size and growth rate on a second dose of CAR T cells applied after 100 days of the initial dose in regards to long-term PFS (defined at 700 days). PFS=Progression free survival. A-B: Finegrained comparison of survival at distinct time points, as a function of (A) initial tumor burden and (B) tumor growth rate. C: The influence of initial tumor burden on the effect of a second infusion of CAR. D: The influence of tumor growth rate on the effect of a second infusion of CAR. E: The sensitivity of the PFS to initial tumor size and growth rate 200 days after initial dose and 100 days after the second dose, which was given at day 100. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-and-initial-condition-values-as-identified-2rr4djcb.png Table 1: Parameter and initial condition values as identified by our machine learning procedure and literature search, also see Supplementary Information (SI). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-population-level-model-of-t-cell-co-evolution-2dngxv0c.png Figure 2: A population-level model of T cell co-evolution, complex CAR T cell dynamics can predict clinical endpoints as stochastic events. A: Schematic of population-level data integration to parametrize the mathematical model presented in Fig. 1; we used longitudinal data of peripheral absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), peripheral CAR positive cell counts per µL, and the tumor size changes as estimated from patients of the ZUMA-1 trial with complete response (CR) or progressive disease (PD). We assumed that, at days 30, 60, or 90, CRs had no detectable tumor mass, and that PDs had twice their initial tumor mass, Median initial tumor mass was 200 cm3. B: ALC was used to estimate the dynamics of Eq. (1), which did not change dramatically based on ALC or ALC subtracted CAR data. C: CAR positive T cell dynamics (Eqs. (2), (3)) were estimated using ZUMA-1 trial data of peripheral CAR counts and can explain peak and decay of CAR. D: Two example trajectories of tumor burden over time, using identical parameters and a stochastic process to model tumor extinction. Both examples enter the stochastic region (<100 tumor cells), but one escapes this extinction vortex, leading to progression. E: Increasing the fraction of initial memory CAR T cells (CCR7+) could improve chances of cure. F: Initial ALC of six cells/μL at CAR administration due to lymphodepletion is crucial; increasing this number would monotonously decrease the chances of cure. G: Progression free survival (PFS) was recorded in ZUMA-1 (gray line). Our stochastic model recapitulates this curve using stochastic simulations with a mixture of parameters drawn from a normal distribution with a variance of 10% of the mean (Methods, SI), and recording progression when 2 times the initial tumor mass is reached. All parameter values used are given in Table 1. All probabilities estimated used 1000 stochastic simulations with the same initial conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-mathematical-model-recapitulates-and-predicts-3nxve18q.png Figure 3: The mathematical model recapitulates and predicts progression free survival (PFS), and can suggest actionable therapy improvements. 1000 simulated patients were used to generate each PFS curve. A: Impact of parameter variation on the PFS. All subsequent panels use 𝜎 = 0.15. B: Impact of tumor growth rate on the PFS. C: Impact of initial tumor size on the PFS. Much larger tumors lead to some patients progressing earlier since the CAR could not expand fast enough. D: Impact of CAR T infusion phenotype composition. In general, a higher memory fraction lead to better PFS rates. E: Impact of lymphodepletion on PFS. Similar to Figure 2G, a sizable impact on PFS is observed by doubling or tripling the amount of normal T cells after depletion. F: The distribution of cure times for the median parameters. Most patients are cured before day 100. G: The distribution of progression times for the median parameters. Most patients progress between days 80-400. All parameter values used are given in Table 1. All probability estimated used 1000 stochastic simulations with the same initial conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-t-cell-interactions-car-t-cell-compartmentalization-adyjj8qy.png Figure 1: T cell interactions, CAR T cell compartmentalization, and tumor feedback on CAR T cell differentiation. A: Model schematic, assuming four cell compartments: memory (CCR7+) CAR T cells, M, proliferate and engage with resident lymphocytes, N (depleted by lymphodepleting chemotherapy), and differentiate into effector CAR T cells (CCR7-), E. E cells of finite life span engage in killing CD19+ tumor and other B cells. Their production is impacted by CD19. B: On the level of individual cells, this system results in six cellular kinetic reactions. We seek to explain the important patient kinetics of no response to CAR T cell therapy (C), transient response of initial tumor decline followed by progression/relapse (D), and long term/complete response (tumor is eradicated) (E). These example dynamics were generated using Equations (1)-(4) with handpicked parameters. F: Median CAR T positive cells per μL peripheral blood (symbols, from ZUMA-16), vs. regression fits according to exponential or power-law decay (details see SI). https://scispace.com/papers/response-to-letter-regarding-article-association-of-race-3qmzd354rg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-crude-and-adjusted-event-rates-if68af9s.png Table 2. Crude and Adjusted Event Rates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-association-of-black-race-with-all-cause-mortality-3lwnnbyw.png Figure 2. Association of black race with all-cause mortality in the overall cohort of 3 072 966 veterans. A, Association of black race with all-cause mortality in the overall cohort with adjustments for baseline characteristics. White patients served as referent. B, Associations of race with all-cause mortality in patients with and without an incident coronary heart disease (CHD) event. CHD events were entered into the models as time-dependent covariates, and models were estimated by including multiplicative interaction terms between race and CHD events. White patients without incident CHD served as referent. C, Associations of race with all-cause mortality in patients with and without incident strokes. Strokes were entered in the models as time-dependent covariates, and models were estimated by including multiplicative interaction terms between race and strokes. White patients without incident strokes served as referent. Model 1, unadjusted; model 2, adjusted for age, sex, and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate; model 3, model 2 variables plus comorbidities; model 4, model 3 variables plus baseline body mass index and systolic and diastolic blood pressures; and model 5, model 4 variables plus mean income, marital status, service connectedness, area-level housing stress, low education, low employment, persistent poverty, frequency of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare encounters, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and statins, receipt of influenza vaccination(s), and each patient’s VA healthcare center. AA indicates African American; and CI, confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-association-of-black-race-with-incident-coronary-3ibo1ydb.png Figure 4. A, Association of black race with incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and with incident acute myocardial infarction (AMI), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the overall cohort of 3 072 966 veterans. White patients served as referent. B, Associations of race with incident CHD in patients with and without an incident stroke. Strokes were entered into the models as time-dependent covariates, and models were estimated by including multiplicative interaction terms between race and stroke. White patients without stroke served as referent. Model 1, unadjusted; model 2, adjusted for age, sex, and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate; model 3, model 2 variables plus comorbidities; model 4, model 3 variables plus baseline body mass index and systolic and diastolic blood pressures; and model 5, model 4 variables plus mean income, marital status, service connectedness, area-level housing stress, low education, low employment, persistent poverty, frequency of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare encounters, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and statins, receipt of influenza vaccination(s), and each patient’s VA healthcare center. AA indicates African American; and CI, confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-crude-model-1-and-multivariable-adjusted-8tvm7a98.png Figure 3. Crude (model 1) and multivariable-adjusted association of black race with all-cause, cardiovascular (CV), and stroke-related mortality in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999 to 2004 overall (A) and in participants with estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) ≥60 mL·min−1·1.73 m−2 (B). Adjustments were made for age, sex, eGFR (model 2), comorbidities (model 3), body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures (model 4), marital status, and poverty level (model 5). CI indicates confidence interval; and CV, cardiovascular. White patients served as referent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-association-of-black-race-with-incident-ischemic-4hsk8y1d.png Figure 5. A, Association of black race with incident ischemic strokes in the overall cohort of 3 072 966 veterans. White patients served as referent. B, Associations of race with incident stroke in patients with and without incident coronary heart disease (CHD). CHD events were entered into the models as time-dependent covariates, and models were estimated by including multiplicative interaction terms between race and CHD. White patients without CHD served as referent. Model 1, unadjusted; model 2, adjusted for age, sex, and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate; model 3, model 2 variables plus comorbidities; model 4, model 3 variables plus baseline body mass index and systolic and diastolic blood pressures; and model 5, model 4 variables plus mean income, marital status, service connectedness, area-level housing stress, low education, low employment, persistent poverty, frequency of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare encounters, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and statins, receipt of influenza vaccination(s), and each patient’s VA healthcare center. AA indicates African American. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-algorithm-used-to-define-the-study-cohort-egfr-2xevs22e.png Figure 1. Algorithm used to define the study cohort. eGFR indicates estimated glomerular filtration rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-association-of-black-race-with-various-outcomes-in-b49pa29r.png Figure 6. Association of black race with various outcomes in predefined subgroups of the overall cohort of 3 072 966 veterans. White patients served as referent. Models were adjusted for age, sex, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), comorbidities, baseline body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, mean income, marital status, service connectedness, area-level housing stress, low education, low employment, persistent poverty, frequency of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare encounters, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and statins, receipt of influenza vaccination(s), and each patient’s VA healthcare center. CHD indicates coronary heart disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; and HTN, hypertension. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-1aj1gn5q.png Table 1. Baseline Characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/responses-of-diverse-heterotrophic-bacteria-to-elevated-2m3kweuloh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-the-responses-of-escherichia-coli-a-and-vmo9f0pm.png FIG. 1. Comparison of the responses of Escherichia coli (A) and Bacillus cereus (B) to copper at various concentrations. Copper was added to growing cultures that had reached equivalent cell densities. https://scispace.com/papers/responses-of-stomatal-features-and-photosynthesis-to-2ve7u1zyhw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationship-between-estimated-maximal-stomatal-2nychqvd.png FIGURE 3. Relationship between estimated maximal stomatal conductance (gwmax) and light- saturated photosynthesis rates (Asat) of Phragmites australis in an open- top chamber experiment (Maryland, USA). gwmax is averaged across adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. Points depict chamberlevel marginal means (± SE) in two sampling years, separated by CO2 level (ambient = white points and dashed line; eCO2 = shaded points and solid line) and N level (ambient = squares; Nenr = triangles). See Appendix S4 for a statistical evaluation of this relationship. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stomatal-and-photosynthetic-response-marginal-means-3up680ja.png FIGURE 2. Stomatal and photosynthetic response (marginal means ± SE) of Phragmites australis to elevated CO2 (eCO2) and porewater N enrichment (Nenr). (A) Estimated maximal stomatal conductance (gwmax), (B) rates of lightsaturated photosynthesis (Asat). Plants were grown in an open- top growth chamber experiment in Maryland, USA. gwmax is averaged across adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. See Table 1 and Appendix S3 for statistical results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-statistical-models-for-stomatal-2cwd8f0t.png TABLE 1. Summary of statistical models for stomatal parameters and light- saturated photosynthesis. R2GLMM values are presented for full models. Coefficients are model- averaged. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-influence-of-elevated-co2-eco2-and-porewater-n-2xkfs170.png FIGURE 1. Influence of elevated CO2 (eCO2) and porewater N enrichment (Nenr) on Phragmites australis stomatal characteristics (marginal means ± SE) in an open- top growth chamber experiment in Maryland, USA. (A) Stomatal density, (B) stomatal length. See Table 1 and Appendix S3 for statistical results. https://scispace.com/papers/responsive-parenting-establishing-early-foundations-for-2edpmfto52 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analyses-of-change-in-targeted-mother-behaviors-2v5cquum.png Table 2 Analyses of Change in Targeted Mother Behaviors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-change-in-infant-behaviors-for-intervention-pals-2egv7uzc.png Figure 2. Change in infant behaviors for intervention (PALS) versus comparison (DAS) conditions when interacting with their mothers (left panels) and examiner (right panels). All panels of infant behavior with mother are collapsed across risk group and context, with the exception of negative affect, during toy play with mother for high risk–very low birth weight group only (bottom left panel). All infant behaviors with examiner are collapsed across risk group, with the exception of infant cooperation, for low risk–very low birth weight group only (top right panel). PALS playing and learning strategies; DAS developmental assessment screening. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-infant-maternal-and-program-1xxv13w1.png Table 1 Comparison of Infant, Maternal, and Program Characteristics by Intervention Condition https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlations-among-the-responsiveness-factors-by-k3cc205q.png Table 5 Correlations Among the Responsiveness Factors by Context https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-change-in-ratings-of-mothers-contingent-mk02ui6k.png Figure 1. Change in ratings of mothers’ contingent responsiveness (based on 5-point scale) and frequency of maintaining, redirecting, verbal scaffolding, labeling objects, and verbal encouragement for intervention (PALS) versus comparison (DAS) conditions collapsed across risk group and context. PALS playing and learning strategies; DAS developmental assessment screening. https://scispace.com/papers/responsive-task-modelling-4eyr11ygt5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-adaptation-to-move-the-selected-tasks-and-those-2oa8vtbv.png Figure 3: Adaptation to move the selected tasks and those more semantically connected in the central area https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-top-task-model-shown-on-a-mobile-device-some-tasks-2dvkrfoy.png Figure 2: (top) Task model shown on a mobile device (some tasks are hidden); (bottom) Complete task model (on desktop) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-ui-for-editing-task-left-and-operators-right-2lz1nbg6.png Figure 1: The UI for editing task (left) and operators (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-grid-drawn-superimposed-on-the-task-model-2e3gyw69.png Figure 4: Grid drawn superimposed on the task model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-presenting-tasks-with-preconditions-within-the-39ipuhkp.png Figure 5: Presenting tasks with preconditions within the Responsive CTT simulator https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-desktop-version-of-the-responsive-ctt-z7t6y8kc.png Figure 6: The desktop version of the Responsive CTT visualized on mobile (left) and desktop (right) platforms https://scispace.com/papers/restoration-well-being-and-everyday-physical-activity-in-34j81zw8sr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-descriptives-3hxvz1rg.png Table 1 Sample descriptives https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-factor-structure-of-the-best-fitting-measurement-2n1s4jye.png Table 3 The factor structure of the best-fitting measurement invariance model (Model 4, Table 2). Estimates in bold face: statistically significant (p<.01) difference from the other group(s), or loading >.50. https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-unstandardised-path-estimates-and-their-standard-13eu3jgo.png Table C.1 Unstandardised path estimates and their standard errors (s.e.) of Sensitivity model 4 with socio-demographic covariates (Figure C.1). Estimates in bold face: p<.01. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-estimated-correlations-lower-diagonal-and-oenjj030.png Table A.1 Estimated correlations (lower diagonal) and correlation residuals (upper diagonal) of the partial measurement invariance model in Step 4. In bold: large covariance residual in at least one group (normalised value>|1.96|). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-model-fits-for-measurement-invariance-tests-for-9-1c8r2o8t.png Table 2 Model fits for measurement invariance tests for 9-item Restoration Outcome Scale. The row in bold face represents the best-fitting model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-unstandardised-path-estimates-and-their-standard-2cph7gey.png Table B.1. Unstandardised path estimates and their standard errors (s.e.) of the model testing the “repeated restoration” hypothesis (Figure 1). Estimates in bold face: p<.01. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimated-factor-means-mediations-from-weekly-2odk4utk.png Table 4 Estimated factor means, mediations from weekly frequency of physical activity to emotional well-being) and explained variances of the model testing the “repeated restoration” hypothesis (Figure 1). Estimates in bold face: p<.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-multigroup-exploratory-sem-model-estimates-2cr803er.png Figure 1 Multigroup exploratory SEM model estimates (standardised with 99% CIs) for the relationships between Emotional well-being, Restorativeness and Assurance, and frequency of physical activity in indoor (I), built outdoor (B) and natural outdoor (N) environments. χ²=964.4, https://scispace.com/papers/restoring-economic-growth-in-argentina-2cr2b6uhdm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1s708ib2.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-20o29gxp.png Table 15 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-w175guqz.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-36ip7bzu.png Table 16 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-main-causes-of-argentinas-economic-collapse-37mczw5g.png Table 3 Main Causes of Argentina’s Economic Collapse: Alternative Diagnoses https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-87s6g0ef.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-2faqespi.png Table 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-spreads-above-us-treasury-bonds-basis-points-x6eplfym.png Figure 6 Spreads above US Treasury bonds (basis points) https://scispace.com/papers/restorative-proctocolectomy-with-two-different-pouch-designs-4tlk1rmn0a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-sexual-function-in-women-compared-to-the-norwegian-1b2h3ucu.png Table 8: Sexual function in women compared to the Norwegian average population Norwegian study: PISQ answer IPAA patients N=24 Normal population https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-complications-within-30-days-of-stoma-closure-n-103-2hkjnfi7.png Table 2: Complications within 30 days of stoma closure (N=103) After RPC After stoma closure Reoperations Total: 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-compliance-measured-as-delta-v-delta-p-in-good-1du6awql.png Figure 17: Compliance (measured as Delta V/ Delta P) in good, poor, J and K patients. Between well and poorly functioning groups the p-value for difference in compliance at 4-8 mmHg and 8-12 mmHg was 0.073 and 0.025 respectively (independent t-test). There were no significant differences at any other pressures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-pelvimetric-measurements-of-the-bony-pelvis-sfa4dctj.png Table 12: Pelvimetric measurements of the bony pelvis: https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-morphological-findings-of-inflammation-on-mri-la9664gr.png Table 14: Morphological findings of inflammation on MRI correlated against biopsies, endoscopy and a history of pouchitis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-quality-of-life-of-patients-in-the-present-study-3vdoepxl.png Figure 9: Quality of life of patients in the present study and of the average Norwegian population assessed by SF361. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-correlation-between-pouch-volume-at-urge-and-the-3s1rrh2p.png Figure 18: Correlation between pouch volume at urge and the pelvic pouch volume calculated from bony limitations on MRI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-mri-findings-from-the-morphological-and-dynamic-mri-1wzh0i6z.png Table 13: MRI findings from the morphological and dynamic MRI in well and poorly functioning pouches https://scispace.com/papers/restoring-symmetry-in-two-dimensional-solid-state-nmr-424udfuv05 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-volumes-of-cross-and-diagonal-peaks-of-the-data-3irub278.png Figure 6. Volumes of cross- and diagonal-peaks of the data shown in Figure 5 as a function of the mixing time sm. The dashed and solid lines represent fits of the experimental data to the exchange matrices of Eqs. (6) and (7). The fitting with Eq. (7) assumed two populations p = 0.63 and p0 = 0.37 (see Table 1); the numbers without brackets give the exchange rates (±0.05 s 1) for the first set {1, 2, 3} while the numbers in brackets are those of the second set {10 , 20 , 30}. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-stacked-plots-of-13c-13c-exchange-spectra-of-l-2xsncj8m.png Figure 7. Stacked plots of 13C-13C exchange spectra of L-alanine. The spectra were recorded with a recovery delay tRD = 3 s, a cross-polarization contact time tCP = 100 ls and a spinning frequency mrot = 20 kHz with the pulse sequence in Figure 1d. PARISxy (m = 1) recoupling was used (left) during an equilibration time teq = 1 ms and (right) teq = 100 ms with an rf amplitude m1(1H) = 15 kHz. PARISxy (m = 1) was also applied in both cases, with the same rf amplitude, to promote exchange during the mixing time sm = 100 ms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pulse-sequences-used-in-this-work-for-recording-a-b-1w7pbbwv.png Figure 1. Pulse sequences used in this work for recording (a, b) 1D and (c, d) 2D spectra, (a, c) without and (b, d) with cross polarization. PARIS or PARISxy recoupling (dashed rectangles) was used during the equilibration times teq to smooth out uneven excitation. PARIS or PARISxy recoupling (solid rectangles) was applied during the mixing times sm to promote uniform exchange. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-variations-of-the-13c-peak-integrals-in-1d-spectra-13c89c97.png Figure 8. Variations of the 13C peak integrals in 1D spectra of L-histidine as a function of the equilibration time teq using the pulse sequence of Figure 1b (top) with basic PARIS (N = 2) and (bottom) with PARISxy (m = 1) for equilibration. The spectra were recorded with 40 scans, a cross-polarization contact time tCP = 1 ms, a recovery delay tRD = 3 s, a spinning frequency mrot = 23 kHz and rf amplitudes m1(1H) = 15 kHz for both PARIS (N = 2) and PARISxy (m = 1). The numbers (0.08 and 0.041 s) give the time constants of the slow build-up of the C0 magnetization, obtained by exponential fitting (solid lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bottom-1d-13c-spectra-and-top-2d-13c-13c-1a852gfi.png Figure 2. (Bottom) 1D 13C spectra and (top) 2D 13C-13C correlation spectra of L-histidine. The spectra were recorded with a recovery delay tRD = 30 s and a spinning frequency mrot = 30 kHz using the pulse sequences of Figure 1a and c, either without equilibration (top left and continuous red lines below) or with equilibration (top right and dashed blue lines below) through PARISxy recoupling (with m = 1) during teq = 1s with an rf amplitude m1(1H) = 20 kHz. During the mixing time sm = 100 ms of the 2D experiments, PARISxy (m = 1) was applied with the same rf amplitude to promote exchange. The 2D spectra were plotted with the same contour levels. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bottom-asymmetry-parameters-g-ci-cj-and-top-peak-16svtpfj.png Figure 4. (Bottom) Asymmetry parameters g(Ci, Cj) and (top) peak volumes as a function of the mixing time sm obtained for alanine without initial equilibration (a) by proton-driven spin diffusion (PDSD), i.e., without any irradiation in the mixing time sm, and (b) by promoting exchange with PARISxy (m = 1) in the mixing time sm with an rf amplitude m1(1H) = 15 kHz. The spectra were recorded with a recovery delay tRD = 30 s and a spinning frequency mrot = 20 kHz. Each panel shows the volume of a particular cross- or diagonal-peak. The solid lines represent fits of the data to Eqs. (1), (2), and the numbers give the exchange rates (±0.5 s 1) derived from the fits. Note that these rates often violate the expected symmetry about the diagonal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-asymmetry-parameters-g-ci-cj-and-b-13c-13c-3hbxzgo8.png Figure 3. (a) Asymmetry parameters g(Ci, Cj) and (b) 13C–13C exchange spectra of L-histidine as a function of the mixing time sm using the sequence of Figure 1c with equilibration through PARISxy recoupling (m = 1) during a time teq = 1s with an rf amplitude m1(1H) = 20 kHz. The experimental conditions were the same as those of Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-internuclear-carbon-carbon-distances-rij-zero-2vcepds7.png Table 1 Internuclear carbon–carbon distances rij, zero-quantum relaxation times T ðZQÞ 2 , calculated r https://scispace.com/papers/restoring-the-equivalence-between-the-light-front-and-35jt241tvb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-triangle-diagram-2qmvc6gg.png FIG. 2. The triangle diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-self-energy-diagram-20ir1v2t.png FIG. 1. The self-energy diagram. https://scispace.com/papers/restoring-tropical-forest-composition-is-more-difficult-but-1wplf3hf5n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-694-1-695-1a128vwj.png Figures 694 1. 695 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effects-of-the-forest-cover-amount-forest-age-and-118cpncf.png Table 2. Effects of the forest cover amount, forest age, and tree community on the regeneration 329 communities on the seed mass CWM-SM, and the relative abundance of forest specialists. ANOVA table 330 resulting from linear mixed models with conditional R2 (fixed and random factors) and marginal 331 R2(fixed factors only). 332 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-observed-cwm-sm-in-regeneration-communities-as-a-4ods3b5y.png Fig. 3 Observed CWM-SM in regeneration communities as a function of CWM-SM among adults (a), 333 and relative density of forest-specialists among juveniles as a function of the relative abundance of 334 forest-specialists among adults (b). Lines show models predictions (Table 1) +/- 95% confidence 335 intervals for young and old forest cover contexts. For these projections, we set the forest cover to the 336 observed medium value (i.e. 13.75%). 337 https://scispace.com/papers/restraining-free-riders-the-effects-of-actor-types-and-hlqu03jbdd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-39tm9mii.png Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-a-single-round-of-the-3lxtwye4.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of a single round of the experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-influence-of-individual-group-members-on-within-6rkw2j8y.png Table 2. Influence of individual group members on within-group decision making. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2sry9kjp.png Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-contributions-to-the-project-9e6gogvw.png Figure 2. Mean contributions to the project. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1q8hl5g5.png Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-adjustments-of-actors-contributions-to-the-project-hh79waem.png Table 1. Adjustments of actors’ contributions to the project. https://scispace.com/papers/restrained-shrinkage-of-massive-reinforced-concrete-2iw05pi39z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-evolution-of-autogenous-delayed-strains-under-36glxp6w.png Figure 8: Evolution of autogenous delayed strains under loading (a) and without loading (b) (experimental results from (Kolani 2012)) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scheme-of-the-thermal-insulation-of-lateral-faces-3pignf4c.png Figure 5: Scheme of the thermal insulation of lateral faces https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reinforcement-of-the-central-part-of-specimens-rg8-2uabrq2b.png Table 1: Reinforcement of the central part of specimens RG8, RG9 and RG10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-comparison-of-strains-recorded-by-local-vibrating-218csj81.png Figure 22: Comparison of strains recorded by local vibrating wire extensometers (VWE) and optical fibres with the thermal strain for a free sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-relative-displacement-in-rg8-structure-measured-by-220h1qf1.png Figure 23: Relative displacement in RG8 structure measured by optic fibres (2.5m long) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-free-deformation-under-qab-semi-adiabatic-2jiz24v5.png Figure 10 : Free deformation under QAB semi-adiabatic condition (condition 2) and transverse deformations measured with the vibrating wire extensometer (VWE) placed in the RG10 beam https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-free-deformation-under-local-environmental-outdoor-7nhmtea9.png Figure 9 : Free deformation under local environmental outdoor conditions (condition 1) and semi-adiabatic (condition 2) QAB conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-evolution-of-temperature-in-rg8-at-core-and-on-1wu7icfd.png Figure 17: Evolution of temperature in RG8 at core and on upper and lower faces compared to the evolution of external temperature and adiabatic temperature https://scispace.com/papers/restricted-auditory-aspatialism-2smk4xu419 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-left-half-of-the-diagram-represents-cones-of-3o2wer37.png Figure 1. The left half of the diagram represents cones of confusion generated by different ITD values. The shaded areas show a cross-section of the cone that would be generated by a sound source locates at ‘o’. The right half shows cross-sections of ILD-determined spheres. Dotted lines show the ITD cone for a sound source located at the ‘x’. A cross-section of the ‘tori of confusion’ is found at the intersection of this cone (dotted lines) and the shaded circular region (at 3 dB ILD and .4 ms ITD). (from Shinn-Cunningham et al. [2000], p. 1629) https://scispace.com/papers/restricted-stimulus-control-in-stimulus-control-shaping-with-4achdqtomu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sample-set-a-and-comparisons-presented-in-baseline-3tnvbmmi.png Figure 3. Sample (Set A) and comparisons presented in baseline (BL) and probe trials (P) of Tests 3 and 4 to evaluate stimulus control by the components of the comparisons from Step 24. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sample-set-a-and-comparisons-presented-in-baseline-2spah78z.png Figure 2. Sample (Set A) and comparisons presented in baseline (BL) and probe trials (P) of Tests 1 and 2 to evaluate stimulus control by the components of the comparisons from Step 21. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-results-of-tests-3-and-4-for-each-relation-in-the-3ql9foeu.png Figure 6. Results of Tests 3 and 4. for each relation in the test session, we present the baseline accuracy (number of correct responses divided by the total number of trials), and the accuracy on probely trials (sequence of correct [C] and incorrect [X] choices). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-selected-steps-of-the-stimulus-control-shaping-2sq5t6z8.png Figure 1. Selected steps of the stimulus control shaping procedure. Stimuli from Set A were superimposed on the stimuli from Set B in the comparisons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-of-tests-1-and-2-for-each-relation-in-test-30m6vmqt.png Figure 5. Results of Tests 1 and 2. For each relation in test session, we present the baseline accuracy (number of correct responses by the total number of trials), and the accuracy on probe trials (sequence of correct [C] and incorrect [X] choices). https://scispace.com/papers/restructuring-of-the-immune-contexture-improves-checkpoint-48ww16r4db 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-frequency-and-phenotypes-of-tumor-and-spleen-lnom6539.png Figure 6. Frequency and phenotypes of tumor- and spleen-infiltrating immune cells after combination treatment with shScr or shIDO-ST and ICB. Mice with palpable LLC1 tumors were treated with three consecutive doses of 1x106 cfu of shScr or shIDO-ST combined with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB, PD-1 and CTLA-4 antibodies) or IgG equivalent. Every three days, PD-1 was administered at a dose of 200µg and CTLA-4 was administered at a dose of 75µg until the end of the study. n=3-4 mice per group. (A) Tumors were excised 48 hours after the third ST treatment (24 hours after the second ICB or IgG treatment) and analyzed by flow cytometry for frequency of infiltrating immune cells out of the total CD45+ fraction. (B) Tumors were also analyzed by flow cytometry for the frequency of Tregs (CD25+FoxP3+ cells out of CD45+CD4+ cells). (C) T cells from tumors (CD3+CD4+ or CD3+CD8+) were analyzed by flow cytometry for activation though various markers (CD27, CD62L, granzyme B, IFNγ, and NK1.1). (D) Spleens were excised 48 hours after the third ST treatment (24 hours after the second ICB or IgG treatment) and analyzed by flow cytometry for frequency of infiltrating immune cells out of the total CD45+ fraction. (E) Spleens were also analyzed by flow cytometry for the frequency of Tregs (CD25+FoxP3+ cells out of CD45+CD4+ cells). (F) T cells from spleens (CD3+CD4+ or CD3+CD8+) were analyzed by flow cytometry for activation using various markers (CD27, CD62L, granzyme B, IFNγ, and NK1.1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-colonization-tumor-growth-and-neutrophil-phenotypes-1n5bnb4q.png Figure 2. Colonization, tumor growth, and neutrophil phenotypes after sub-therapeutic shIDO-ST treatment. (A) Mice were implanted with LLC1 tumor cells subcutaneously and allowed to grow to an average volume of 200mm3. 1x106 cfu of ST carrying a bacterial luciferase (LUX-ST) was injected intravenously and mice were imaged for bioluminescent signal on days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 post ST administration. Bioluminescent signal is shown in rainbow corresponding to radiance (RAD). Yellow dotted line borders the tumor. (B) Six days after implantation of LLC1 cells into mice, mice were treated with three consecutive, daily doses of 1x106 cfu shScr or shIDO-ST. Tumor volumes were measured three times weekly until maximum allowed tumor growth was reached. n=4 mice per group. (C) Flow cytometry of neutrophil frequency (CD11b+Ly6G+) out of total CD45+ cells from tumors treated with HBSS (no-ST), shScr-ST or shIDO-ST. Tumors were processed 48 hours after the third treatment. Bar graph shows quantification of flow cytometry results. (D) Flow cytometry of antigen presentation molecules on neutrophils (CD86+ or MHCII+ out of CD11b+Ly6G+ cells). Bar graph shows quantification of flow cytometry results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-frequency-and-phenotypes-of-tumor-infiltrating-30lfn1nn.png Figure 3. Frequency and phenotypes of tumor-infiltrating immune cells after shIDO-ST treatment. Mice with LLC1 tumors (average 80mm3) were treated with three consecutive doses of 1x106 cfu of shScr-ST or shIDO-ST and tumors were processed for flow cytometry 48 hours after the third treatment. n=3 mice per group. (A) Frequencies of CD4+, CD8+, CD11c+, CD11b+F4/80+, and CD11b+Ly6C+ cells out of CD45+ tumor-infiltrating cells. (B) Frequency of CD86+ cells out of myeloid cell types (CD11c+, CD11b+F4/80+, and CD11b+Ly6C+ cells). Bar graphs show quantification of flow cytometry results. (C) Frequency of MHCII+ cells out of myeloid cell types (CD11c+, CD11b+F4/80+, and CD11b+Ly6C+ cells). Bar graphs show quantification of flow cytometry results. (D) Frequency of Tregs (CD25+FoxP3+ out of CD45+CD4+ cells). Bar graph shows quantification of flow cytometry results. Unpaired t-test. (A-D) *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-checkpoint-protein-positivity-of-splenocytes-by-wkim1pxo.png Figure 4. Checkpoint protein positivity of splenocytes by immune cell type after shIDO-ST treatment. Mice with LLC1 tumors (average 80mm3) were treated with three consecutive doses of 1x106 cfu of shScr-ST or shIDO-ST and spleens were processed for flow cytometry 48 hours after the third treatment. n=3 mice per group. Cells were gated by CD45 positivity and then by cell type (CD4+, CD8+, CD11c+, CD11b+F4/80+, CD11b+Ly6C+, CD11b+Ly6G+, and CD3-NK1.1+). Flow cytometry is represented by histogram overlay followed by bar graph quantification of histogram results. (A) Frequency of PD-L1+ cells by immune cell type. (B) Frequency of PD-1+ cells by immune cell type. (C) Frequency of CTLA-4+ cells by immune cell type. (A-C) *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tumor-growth-and-total-immune-infiltrate-after-s7axv9jq.png Figure 5. Tumor growth and total immune infiltrate after combination treatment with shScr or shIDO-ST and antibodies targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4. Mice with palpable LLC1 tumors were treated with three consecutive doses of 1x106 cfu of shScr or shIDO-ST combined with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB, PD-1 and CTLA-4 antibodies) or IgG equivalent. PD-1 was administered at a dose of 200µg and CTLA-4 was administered at a dose of 75µg every three days until most groups reached maximum tumor growth (15cm diameter). n=4-10 mice per group. (A) Tumors were measured 3 times weekly and volume in mm3 is presented as a tumor growth curve. Statistical significance between shIDO-ST+ICB and shIDO-ST+IgG is shown for days 17, 20, 22, and 24. (B) Tumors and (C) spleens were excised 48 hours after the third ST treatment (24 hours after the second ICB or IgG treatment) and processed for flow cytometry. Frequencies of infiltrating CD45+ immune cells are shown in bar graphs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-neutrophil-phenotypes-after-shido-st-treatment-in-2p0ffuv6.png Figure 1. Neutrophil phenotypes after shIDO-ST treatment in tumor-free mice. (A) Flow cytometry showing neutrophil frequencies in blood by Ly6G staining out of CD45+ cells 48 or 72 hours after treatment with HBSS (no-ST), shScr-ST or shIDO-ST. Representative gated dot plots are shown. Bar graphs show quantification of flow cytometry results. n=4 mice per group. Statistics shown are compared to no-ST. (B) Flow cytometry showing double positivity for Ly6G and either MHCII, CD80, or CD86 for splenocytes 72 hours after treatment with shScr or shIDO-ST. Representative gated dot plots are shown. Bar graphs show quantification of flow cytometry results. n=4 mice per group. (C) Brightfield images (Wright’s stain) of cells isolated from the interfaces between 52 and 62.5% Percoll layers (LDN, low density neutrophils) and the interface between 62.5 and 78% Percoll layers (HDN, high density neutrophils). Scale bar = 10µm. Flow cytometry dot plots represent the purity of those fractions by Ly6G positivity. (D) Flow cytometry of activated CD8 T cells (CD8 and IFNγ double positive) out of total OTI splenocytes after 24 hours of in vitro co-incubation with SIINFEKL-loaded HDN from either shScr or shIDO-ST treated mice. Bar graph shows quantification of flow cytometry results. n=3 mice per group. Unpaired t-test. (A-B, D) *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001. https://scispace.com/papers/restrictive-versus-liberal-transfusion-strategy-in-the-243qb5ro32 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-diagram-illustrating-the-study-selection-process-371f9ezn.png Fig. 1. Flow diagram illustrating the study selection process. ICU = intensive care unit; RCT = randomized controlled trial. https://scispace.com/papers/resultats-scientifiques-du-voyage-aux-indes-orientales-547suqj6u9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ustreobium-reineckei-boni-plante-avec-dilatations-jvhf6j6o.png Fig. 2. — üstreobium Reineckei, Boni., plante avec dilatations remplies d’aplanospores. X 540. https://scispace.com/papers/results-and-interpretation-of-the-wfrd-els-distillation-down-4cvpvuz8ih 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-chemical-analysis-for-metals-1za2gwwd.png Table 7. Chemical Analysis for Metals https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-wfrd-operational-data-2er9klzt.png Table 3. Summary of WFRD operational data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-chemical-analysis-a-compilation-of-data-9j1o8xyg.png Table 4. Summary of chemical analysis – a compilation of data from all solutions https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-chemical-analysis-for-organics-lqugazoz.png Table 6. Chemical Analysis for Organics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-precipitation-of-solids-on-disks-at-end-of-test-3t02ww07.png Figure 4. Precipitation of solids on disks at end of test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wfrd-flow-diagram-figure-2-wfrd-test-system-as-2arf1fri.png Figure 1. WFRD Flow Diagram Figure 2. WFRD Test System as delivered to MSFC https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-wfrd-component-mass-in-kg-13zcrn53.png Table 8. WFRD Component Mass (in kg) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-correlation-between-yellowish-orange-samples-from-3qqzqnwv.png Figure 7. Correlation between yellowish/orange samples (from disk 1) and white samples (disks 2 and 3) https://scispace.com/papers/results-from-hops-a-multiwavelength-census-of-orion-54pb1creab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-extinction-map-of-the-orion-molecular-clouds-circles-3bu2ueon.png Fig. 1 Extinction map of the Orion molecular clouds; circles mark the Spitzer-identified protostars observed by PACS. The HOPS sample was required to have 24µm photometry to ensure a more reliable identification of protostars. Since the center of the Orion Nebula was saturated in the Spitzer 24µm survey of Orion, the HOPS sample does not include sources in its brightest regions. https://scispace.com/papers/results-from-the-e-705-electromagnetic-shower-position-aqvb902g4c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3dl6lpiy.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2mw14qjt.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9b-1f1smyvw.png Figure 9B https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9a-oc8ndska.png Figure 9B https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8b-15aosfe7.png Figure 8B https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8a-3fzvccwr.png Figure 8B https://scispace.com/papers/results-of-2001-groundwater-sampling-in-support-of-57wguk161e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-idaho-national-engineering-and-environmental-1rnogbxn.png Figure 1. Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-procedures-followed-for-groundwater-sampling-jf543i5z.png Table 1. Procedures followed for groundwater sampling. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-constituent-concentration-ranges-from-indicator-1dnu0ui2.png Table 8. Constituent concentration ranges from indicator wells and other INTEC wells sampled in October 2001 for metal constituents. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-locations-of-idaho-nuclear-technology-and-74g94x8c.png Figure 2. Locations of Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center monitoring wells. https://scispace.com/papers/results-of-a-coupled-fracture-flow-test-at-the-0-5-m-scale-3gmzn6cfd4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-7-layout-of-sb3-thermocouples-2p9z40rq.png Figure 2-7. Layout of SB3 thermocouples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-8-sb3-fluid-flow-system-the-source-cavity-is-about-2smdzzv7.png Figure 2-8. SB3 fluid-flow system; the source cavity is about 2 × 6 × 10 mm, centered in the upper face of the bottom block. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-crack-fracture-and-vug-distribution-of-sb3-a-38iapdlz.png Figure 2-2. Crack, fracture, and vug distribution of SB3; (a) north face; (b) west face; (c) bottom of top block (fracture surface); (d) top of bottom block (fracture surface) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-23-typical-fit-of-the-heat-flow-equation-for-a-semi-39a9rw7i.png Figure 2-23. Typical fit of the heat flow equation for a semi-infinite solid with a known initial temperature and a constant temperature boundary condition. T0, the initial temperature of the rock at the thermocouple, and z, the distance from the boundary to the thermocouple, are fixed. TB, the temperature of the water in the fracture, and κ, the thermal diffusivity, are fitting parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-15-water-flow-rate-versus-pressure-differential-the-358r039h.png Figure 2-15. Water flow rate versus pressure differential; the data at each ∆P are for various axial stress and temperature conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-14-flow-versus-time-for-experiment-719601-showing-1qh706hb.png Figure 2-14. Flow versus time for Experiment 719601, showing an initial, small imbibition transient https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-11-areas-of-the-block-a-fracture-plane-selected-for-20uu2o2x.png Figure 3-11. Areas of the Block A fracture plane selected for surface profiling. The 120 × 300 mm area was profiled on a 1.0 × 1.0 mm grid. The three 10 × 10 mm areas were profiled on a 0.05 × 0.05 mm grid. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-6-mounting-technique-for-the-lvdts-ceramic-posts-3a3onn11.png Figure 3-6. Mounting technique for the LVDTs. Ceramic posts allow the LVDTs to sit above the insulation and water manifolds. https://scispace.com/papers/results-of-an-evaluation-of-augmented-reality-mobile-51690vspzq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-functional-and-non-functional-requirements-k7moyiut.png Table 1. Functional and non-functional requirements https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-overview-of-the-results-of-the-non-functional-10zbgmua.png Table 5. Overview of the results of the non-functional criteria https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-rural-village-in-the-eastern-cape-south-africa-1socd0i6.png Figure 3. A rural village in the Eastern Cape, South Africa (Image from maps.google.com) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-an-example-of-addresses-displayed-in-augmented-3krnsoi4.png Figure 6. An example of addresses displayed in augmented reality in a rural village setting https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-overview-of-the-two-phase-evaluation-wqb07llv.png Figure 7. Overview of the two-phase evaluation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dwellings-in-a-rural-village-in-the-eastern-cape-35wbjses.png Figure 2. Dwellings in a rural village in the Eastern Cape, South Africa (Photo: Serena Coetzee) Photo of a rural village in the Eastern Cape, South Africa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-overview-of-the-two-phase-evaluation-316tksy3.png Figure 7. Overview of the two-phase evaluation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-overview-of-the-results-of-the-functional-criteria-2dfeeaw2.png Table 4. Overview of the results of the functional criteria https://scispace.com/papers/results-of-a-cosmetovigilance-survey-in-the-netherlands-id7dn423vy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-product-categories-reported-to-cause-undesirable-o3edpgb4.png Fig. 3. Product categories reported to cause undesirable effects registered by consumers, general practitioners, and dermatologists. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-localisation-of-undesirable-reactions-to-cosmetic-3o8emvm0.png Fig. 1. Localisation of undesirable reactions to cosmetic products reported by consumers, sentinel general practitioners, and dermatologists. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-undesirable-reactions-to-cosmetic-products-reported-by-14xaeuix.png Fig. 2. Undesirable reactions to cosmetic products reported by consumers, sentinel general practitioners, and dermatologists. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-participants-in-the-consumer-2ew4ya7l.png Table 1. Characteristics of participants in the Consumer Exposure, Skin Effects and Surveillance project https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-allergens-in-the-european-baseline-series-plus-some-2jdaf7g7.png Table 2. Allergens in the European baseline series (plus some additional substances) to which participants tested positive https://scispace.com/papers/results-of-final-focus-test-beam-648lfftw0v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-shift-of-the-vertical-waist-position-as-a-function-2jhx4f69.png Figure. 5. Shift of the vertical waist position as a function of the momentum offset of the incoming beam, measured at the LaserCompton monitor. Squares are measured before the correction of the beam-energy offset. Dashed line is expected from the energy offset of +0.73%. The crosses are measured after the correction. The dot-dashed is expected from the trimmed values then applied to the sextupoles. The design is shown by the solid line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-vertical-spot-size-squared-versus-the-incoming-1bks0az3.png Figure. 4. Vertical spot size (squared) versus the incoming vertical emittance. Measured in September 1994 with the LaserCompton monitor. Fit±1(dashed) is the linear ®t to the measured data, Fit±2(dotted) is the linear ®t passing the origin, and the solid is the design line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-azimuthal-distributionof-scattered-he-ion-detected-29u1muox.png Figure. 3. Azimuthal distributionof scattered He ion detected by the Ion-Scattering monitor in September 1994. This distribution corresponds to 1.6 m 80 nm spot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-typical-vertical-fringe-pattern-seen-by-the-2fg04eyw.png Figure. 2. (a) Typical vertical fringe pattern seen by the LaserCompton monitor. This example corresponds to y = 70 nm. (b) The distribution of the measured in the last 3 hours of the run in May 1994. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-vertical-spot-size-of-fftb-as-a-function-of-the-2wd6fxkx.png Figure. 1. The vertical spot size of FFTB as a function of the y . The dashed/solid lines are with/without the chromaticity correction. At the design value y = 0:1 mm, the spot size becomes nearly the minimum, since below that point, residual aberrations start to dominate. https://scispace.com/papers/results-of-initial-analyses-of-the-macrobatch-5-tank-21h-145mwxxbje 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-icpes-results-3lfljg31.png Table 2. ICPES Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-density-measurements-25-oc-37mn7928.png Table 1. Sample Density Measurements (25 ºC) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-137cs-results-32oezt8f.png Table 4. 137Cs Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ic-anions-free-hydroxide-and-tic-toc-results-jte6scr4.png Table 3. IC Anions, Free Hydroxide and TIC/TOC Results https://scispace.com/papers/resveratrol-and-the-eye-activity-and-molecular-mechanisms-2h79gl7vq8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-proposed-mechanisms-through-which-resveratrol-1q0f2o9e.png Figure 4: Proposed mechanisms through which resveratrol prevents ocular inflammation in endotoxin-induced uveitis (Adapted from [73]). The diagram depicts a dual role of resveratrol as an anti-oxidant and a SIRT1 activator. Dashed arrows represent pathways inhibited by resveratrol. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-some-of-the-main-biological-properties-of-dg4pshqp.png Table 3: Some of the main biological properties of resveratrol. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-molecular-mechanism-by-which-resveratrol-is-qya691aq.png Figure 3: Molecular mechanism by which resveratrol is suggested to prevent antibody-induced retinal cell apoptosis [57]. Resveratrol is shown to prevent intracellular increase of Ca2+ ion concentration, otherwise induced by proteins that have been activated by antibodies entering the cell via endocytosis. This prevents mitochondrial activation of cytochrome c (cyt c) and subsequent increase in caspase-3 activity via caspase-9 and APAF-1. SIRT-1 and Ku70 are upregulated by resveratrol, therefore preventing the entry of Bax into the mitochondria. Both actions inhibit cell death initiated by caspase-3. https://scispace.com/papers/retail-demand-for-voluntary-carbon-offsets-a-choice-5d26ramnyn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ordered-probit-regression-2w37xc8t.png Table 5: Ordered probit regression https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-bivariate-probit-models-characterizing-non-jof40f0e.png Table 6: Bivariate probit models characterizing non-offsetters https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-attributes-used-in-the-choice-experiment-sr97lff0.png Table 2: Attributes used in the choice experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-indices-and-scales-used-in-the-analysis-xk8f9vm0.png Table 8: Indices and scales used in the analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-a-choice-set-in-the-air-travel-context-13tia4z6.png Figure 1: Example of a choice set in the air travel context. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-latent-class-model-2esncyw0.png Table 7: Latent class model https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-marginal-wtp-per-one-ton-reduction-of-co2-emissions-1m63pg91.png Table 4: Marginal WTP per one ton reduction of CO2 emissions by context. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sampling-distribution-of-the-respondents-ubmzakg1.png Table 1: Sampling distribution of the respondents https://scispace.com/papers/resveratrol-modifies-lipid-composition-of-two-cancer-cell-ti2jtzsgmy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-saturated-lipid-profile-of-mcf-7-and-mda-mb-231-3opgko4e.png Table 1: Saturated lipid profile of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells after resveratrol treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-course-of-phospholipid-biosynthesis-in-mda-mb-21hn88ev.png Figure 4: Time course of phospholipid biosynthesis in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with resveratrol. Results are expressed as counts per min (CPM) of 32Pi-phospholipids synthesized over 24 h. PA: phosphatidic acid; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PC: phosphatidylcholine; PI: phosphatidylinositol; SM: sphingomyelin; LPC: lysophosphatidylcholine. n� 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unsaturated-lipid-profile-of-mcf-7-and-mda-mb-231-csj1m65b.png Table 2: Unsaturated lipid profile of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells after resveratrol treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-resveratrol-effect-on-the-expression-of-lipid-to25kcav.png Figure 5: Resveratrol effect on the expression of lipid metabolism enzymes in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. (a) Western blot analysis of DGAT2, FAS, ρACCβ, pAMPKα, and AMPKα1. (b-e) Graphs represent the densitometric analysis, calculated by the fraction of pixels in each band relative to the pixels in GAPDH (loading control). Error bars represent mean± S.E.M., n� 3. ∗Statistically different (p< 0.05). (b) DGAT2—Acyl-CoA : diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2, (c) FAS—Fatty-acid synthase, (d) ρACCβ - Phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase β, and (e) ρAMPKα/AMPKα—phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase α/AMP-activated protein kinase α. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-resveratrol-effect-on-the-total-phospholipid-1768kmkg.png Figure 1: Resveratrol effect on the total phospholipid content in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Results are expressed as counts per min (CPM) of synthesized 32Pi-phospholipids at the indicated times. Error bars represent mean± SD, n� 2-3. ∗Statistically different (p< 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-resveratrol-effect-on-phospholipid-biosynthesis-in-2g3vtr0x.png Figure 2: Resveratrol effect on phospholipid biosynthesis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. MCF-7 cells ((a) control, (b) treated) and MDA-MB-231 cells ((c) control, (d) treated). Results are expressed as counts per min (CPM) of synthesized 32Pi-phospholipids at the indicated times. PA: phosphatidic acid; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PC: phosphatidylcholine; PI: phosphatidylinositol; SM: sphingomyelin; LPC: lysophosphatidylcholine. n� 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-course-of-phospholipid-biosynthesis-in-mcf-7-2znkt472.png Figure 3: Time course of phospholipid biosynthesis in MCF-7 cells treated with resveratrol. Results are expressed as counts per min (CPM) of 32Pi-phospholipids synthesized over 24 h. PA: phosphatidic acid; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PC: phosphatidylcholine; PI: phosphatidylinositol; SM: sphingomyelin; LPC: lysophosphatidylcholine. n� 1. https://scispace.com/papers/retention-of-elemental-mercury-in-fly-ashes-in-different-3bb1mhub6r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-synthetic-gas-mixtures-used-in-the-mmdj5ud0.png Table 1. Composition of synthetic gas mixtures used in the retention experiments (v/v %) and mercury concentration in gas phase (µg ml-1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-elemental-composition-of-the-inorganic-components-of-bxdumgr7.png Table 3. Elemental composition of the inorganic components of the fly ashes and activated carbons (%wt) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mercury-capture-in-different-atmospheres-in-material-k0ljr224.png Table 2. Mercury capture in different atmospheres in material of different unburned content and surface area https://scispace.com/papers/retelling-chambri-lives-ontological-bricolage-1w61qrmbk1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lucy-sai-holding-a-small-pacu-2-january-2015-3xtxenxj.png Figure 2 Lucy Sai holding a small pacu, 2 January 2015, Indingai Village, Chambri Island, Papua New Guinea. Photo by Frederick Errington. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-angela-yimbang-holding-a-sago-fish-wrap-to-be-sold-1jj6cu4g.png Figure 3 Angela Yimbang holding a sago-fish wrap to be sold at market, 18 December 2014, Chambri Camp, Wewak, Papua New Guinea. Photo by Frederick Errington. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-deborah-gewertz-being-shown-soli-pasaps-keyboard-21j5nrij.png Figure 4 Deborah Gewertz being shown Soli Pasap’s keyboard-adorned grave by his kinsmen, Robert Pantu, 10 January 2015, Wombun Village, Chambri Island, Papua New Guinea. Photo by Frederick Errington. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sebi-yarapat-holding-patricks-ancestral-mwai-mask-2wggrlrl.png Figure 1 Sebi Yarapat holding Patrick’s ancestral mwai mask, 13 January 2015, Indingai Village, Chambri Island, Papua New Guinea. Photo by Frederick Errington. https://scispace.com/papers/retention-and-enrichment-of-tungsten-containing-carbon-films-1ny0i14i85 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-minimum-amount-of-c-to-be-removed-1qbpk239.png Table 1 Comparison of the minimum amount of C to be removed to reach steady state to the measured amount of removed C at a fluence of 1020 D/cm2 and at 300K(see [24]). Multiple data points at a concentration were averaged. https://scispace.com/papers/retail-development-in-turkey-an-account-after-two-decades-of-2hpxvzdln4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-clustering-of-retail-units-according-to-prominent-23dedrol.png Table 7 Clustering of retail units according to prominent shopping streets in Ankara. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-number-of-planning-decision-and-plan-changes-1ism6md6.png Fig. 9. The number of planning decision and plan changes pertaining to shopping centres by year. Source: Varol and Ozuduru (2010). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-economic-indicators-and-retail-expenditures-for-3gre9xbg.png Table 2 Economic indicators and retail expenditures for Turkey and some Europea https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-shopping-for-goods-and-services-in-shopping-centres-2lif5sfi.png Table 6 Shopping for goods and services in shopping centres versus shopping streets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-shopping-centre-characteristics-by-preference-1op9b655.png Table 8 Shopping centre characteristics by preference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-number-of-shopping-centres-by-investor-type-source-qzh7dpxd.png Fig. 3. Number of shopping centres by investor type. Source: Authors’ search. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-increase-in-total-gross-leasable-area-m2-of-shopping-3hvzf26u.png Fig. 8. Increase in total gross leasable area (m2) of shopping centres by op Source: Authors’ survey. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-total-gross-leasable-area-m2-of-shopping-centres-by-2cgds65z.png Fig. 7. Total gross leasable area (m2) of shopping centres by opening year (Ankara) (current figures). Source: Authors’ survey. https://scispace.com/papers/retention-of-riverine-sediment-and-nutrient-loads-by-coastal-3l2h2as3ct 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relationships-between-organic-content-and-total-dobsc1vg.png Figure 2. Relationships between organic content and total carbon (TC), nitrogen (TN), and phosphorus (TP) concentrations for recently deposited floodplain sediments along four different rivers. Linear (TC and TN) and quadratic (TP) regressions of log–log transformed data were used to predict sediment nutrient concentrations at sites where only sediment organic content was measured. Solid lines show predicted concentrations and dashed lines show 95% confidence intervals of those predictions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-watershed-maps-of-the-seven-rivers-included-in-this-s1luhwc7.png Figure 1. Watershed maps of the seven rivers included in this study with the locations of sampling sites and river input monitoring (RIM) sites. https://scispace.com/papers/retest-reliability-of-balance-and-mobility-measurements-in-5d50j1x3sc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-feet-position-during-the-modified-clinical-test-of-18x38bta.png Figure 1. Feet position during the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance (mCTSIB) and the Limits of Stability test (LOS) on the NeuroCom Balance MasterTM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participants-characteristics-1ooul865.png Table 1. Participants’ characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-one-centered-box-and-eight-target-boxes-positioned-o1mmt87o.png Figure 2. One centered box and eight target boxes positioned at the 100% of the Limits of Stability in the Limits of Stability test (LOS) on the NeuroCom Balance MasterTM. The cursor (indicating the person’s center of pressure) is the stick figure. https://scispace.com/papers/rethinking-the-import-productivity-nexus-for-italian-1pc0rizu9b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-import-premia-22d2u987.png Table 2 Import premia https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-productivity-kernel-density-21kvw67v.png Fig. 1 Productivity—Kernel density https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-va-impact-of-import-intensity-17ubv2d5.png Table 8 VA impact of import intensity https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-tfp-impact-of-import-intensity-controls-19o32pzb.png Table 6 TFP impact of import intensity: controls https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-att-effects-of-import-entry-33geme34.png Table 4 ATT effects of import entry https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-propensity-score-kernel-density-1edlox4s.png Fig. 2 Propensity score—Kernel density https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-continued-mthk4zth.png Table 8 VA impact of import intensity https://scispace.com/papers/rethinking-the-financial-design-of-the-world-bank-2ms8ugxeb9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ibrd-and-emerging-economies-9k8j2og6.png Table 4. IBRD and Emerging Economies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ibrd-and-its-peer-group-20xxud2a.png Table 2. IBRD and its peer group https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ibrd-and-its-top-5-shareholders-2lnvjll2.png Table 3. IBRD and its top 5 shareholders https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-financial-redesign-the-mutual-fund-model-p2zmcoct.png Table 5. Financial Redesign: The Mutual Fund Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-a11-five-largest-country-exposure-total-loans-2s00toif.png Table A11: Five Largest country exposure / Total loans outstanding (%) in 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a12-return-on-total-assets-net-operating-income-total-1g3o6t3l.png Table A12: Return on Total Assets (net operating income /total assets)50 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-measuring-leverage-1my1164i.png Figure 1: Measuring ‘leverage’ https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-world-bank-group-institutions-3lrri851.png Table 1. The World Bank Group Institutions https://scispace.com/papers/retinal-fundus-image-constrast-normalization-using-mixture-1xa04lea5u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-low-pass-filtering-based-contrast-3vfrkgoe.png TABLE I COMPARISON OF LOW-PASS FILTERING BASED CONTRAST NORMALIZATION (LP) AND PROPOSED MIXTURE OFGAUSSIANS APPROACH(MOG) IN TERMS OF THE REDUCTION IN IMAGE ENTROPY IN BITS. SHADING CORRECTION WILL REDUCE THE INFORMATION CONTENT BY MAKING THE HISTOGRAM OF THE IMAGE MORE ‘ PEAKY’. M OG ENTROPY IS CLOSE TOLP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-regional-comparison-of-low-pass-filtering-based-1t7cwtlq.png TABLE II REGIONAL COMPARISON OF LOW-PASS FILTERING BASED CONTRAST NORMALIZATION (LP) AND PROPOSED MIXTURE OFGAUSSIANS APPROACH(MOG) IN ENTROPY AND STANDARD DEVIATION (SD). FOR THE FIRST FIVE IMAGES OF THEDIARETDB1 DATABASE, MOG IS SUPERIOR IN ALL BUT 1 EXAMPLE. THE LOCAL CONTRAST IS IMPROVED IN ALL CASES BY MOG. https://scispace.com/papers/retinex-processing-for-automatic-image-enhancement-588q473lve 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-continued-b-moderate-enhancements-3djm84z1.png Figure 3: Continued: (b) Moderate enhancements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-continued-b-visual-map-showing-regional-classes-29y7atlx.png Figure 5: Continued: (b) Visual map showing regional classes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-continued-c-strong-enhancements-38moa38b.png Figure 3: Continued: (b) Moderate enhancements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-preliminary-performance-of-visual-measures-for-27vfzatt.png Figure 5: Continued: (b) Visual map showing regional classes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-original-input-b-narrow-surround-c-medium-3n2bmgm0.png Figure 1. (a) The original input (b) Narrow surround (c) Medium surround (d) Wide surround (e) MSR output. The narrow-surround acts as a high-pass filter, capturing all the fine details in the image but at a severe loss of tonal information. The wide-surround captures all the fine tonal information but at the cost of dynamic range. The mediumsurround captures both dynamic range and tonal information. The MSR is the average of the three renditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-top-row-scenes-that-violate-the-gray-world-12hz97my.png Figure 2. (Top row) Scenes that violate the gray-world assumption; (Middle row) the MSR output; note the graying of large areas of monochromes; (Bottom row) The MSRCR output; note that color constancy is diluted in order to achieve correct tonal rendition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-visual-inadequacy-of-the-linear-representation-11uioc6r.png Figure 4: Visual inadequacy of the linear representation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-retinex-examples-to-illustrate-that-the-strength-of-2artcf8c.png Figure 3: Continued: (b) Moderate enhancements https://scispace.com/papers/retinoid-n-1h-benzo-d-imidazol-2-yl-5-5-8-8-tetramethyl-5-6-j0me7dmpx1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparative-analysis-of-the-cytotoxic-action-of-1dkrxwe7.png Fig. 3. Comparative analysis of the cytotoxic action of compound 17 and retinoid receptor expression. Dose response curves of 17 cytotoxicity with concentrations of 17 from 40 lM, 20 lM, 10 lM, 5 lM to 2.5 lM in DMSO and growth inhibitions were compared to DMSO controls (A). Experiments were done in triplicates and mean values were indicated in the graph. Retinoic acid receptor expression levels in breast cancer cell lines (B). Breast cancer cells were lysed, mRNA was isolated and RARa, RARb, RARc, RXRa, RXRb and RXRc levels were determined using RT-PCR. GAPDH was used for a reference gene expression. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-senescence-associated-upregulation-of-p21-t47d-cells-3gt0thyc.png Fig. 2. Senescence-associated upregulation of p21. T47D cells were treated with compound 17 at IC50 (3.7 lM) and IC100 (7.4 lM) concentrations and in DMSO controls. p21 protein levels were then analyzed on days 2, 4 and 6 with Western blot. During treatment, 17 was renewed every 48 h. Calnexin was used as an equal loading control. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cytotoxic-activities-ic50-in-lm-of-the-retinoids-on-h1oc0b9u.png Table 1 Cytotoxic activities (IC50 in lM) of the retinoids on breast cancer cell lines.a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-compound-17-leads-to-senescence-in-t47d-breast-cancer-b606kpns.png Fig. 1. Compound 17 leads to senescence in T47D breast cancer cells. (A) Chemical structure of compound 17. (B) T47D cells were treated with IC50 and IC100 concentrations of 17 for 2, 4 and 6 days and subjected to an SABG assay. SABG-positive cells were counted and the percent of senescent cells was presented. (C) SABG-stained in T47D cells upon 6 days of treatment with IC50 (3.7 lM) and IC100 (7.4 lM) concentrations of 17. p-Values were calculated by paired two-tailed t tests. *p < 0.01, **p < 0.005. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-compound-17-on-rxrc-or-rxra-silenced-cells-1c6m8pxb.png Fig. 4. Effect of compound 17 on RXRc- or RXRa-silenced cells. MCF-7 breast cancer cells were transiently transfected with (A) siRXRa and (B) siRXRc and scrambled siRNA, and treated with either compound 17 or DMSO. RXR knockdown was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. GAPDH was used for a reference gene expression. (C) Cytotoxicity of 17 was analyzed by an SRB assay. Results were analyzed by an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Bonferroni-adjusted p-values were indicated between groups. Each experiment was done in triplicate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparative-representation-of-compound-17-docked-on-2sb7qdar.png Fig. 5. Comparative representation of compound 17 docked on RXRa and RXRc. Compound 17 was docked to the ligand-binding domains of human retinoic acid receptors: (Ai) RXRa (PDB-ID: 1FBY) and (Bi) RXRc (PDB-ID: 2GL8). Retinoic acid docked RXRa and RXRcwere structurally aligned with (Aii) RXRa 17 and (Bii) RXRc 17 to demonstrate the binding site orientation of 17 with respect to REA. RXRc had a better structural alignment than RXRa. (Ci-ii) Surface representation of RXRc with 17, where purple indicates the most-hydrophilic and tan-color indicates the most-hydrophobic regions. https://scispace.com/papers/retinal-oxygen-distribution-and-the-role-of-neuroglobin-3hgzs5mvww 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-single-layer-model-diagram-oxygen-is-supplied-to-the-1m9bh51j.png Fig. 3 Single layer model diagram. Oxygen is supplied to the tissue via the choriocapillaris at x = 0 and the net-flux of oxygen at x = L is zero https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-eight-layer-model-diagram-oxygen-is-supplied-to-the-fkmorfch.png Fig. 4 Eight layer model diagram. Oxygen is supplied to the tissue via the choriocapillaris and retinal capillaries and the net-flux of oxygen at x = L8 is zero. The flux of Ngb between layers is zero, except at those boundaries marked with stars, across which the concentration and flux of Ngb is continuous. RPE: retinal pigment epithelium. ONL: outer nuclear layer. OPL: outer plexiform layer. INL: inner nuclear layer. IPL: inner plexiform layer. GCL: ganglion cell layer. NFL: nerve fibre layer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-comparison-of-the-approximate-solution-with-the-fem-3ai7w4qi.png Fig. 12 Comparison of the approximate solution with the FEM solution to the full problem. The approximate solution matches well with the FEM solution, though it is less accurate in layers 3 and 4. The left-hand solution in layer 6∗ is plotted from x = L5 to x = xmin, the right-hand solution is plotted from x = xmin to x = L6∗ and the central solution is plotted throughout layer 6∗. The spatial extent of the different layers is depicted by the vertical lines. Parameter values are the same as those used in Figure 9 for the dark adapted case https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulation-results-from-the-steady-state-single-layer-2hddmegc.png Fig. 5 Simulation results from the steady-state single layer model. As the total concentration of Ngb, nT , is increased, the steady-state oxygen concentration at x = L increases above the hypoxic threshold, γ . Equations (8) and (13)–(15) were solved using the FEM with 101 mesh points. Dimensional values are given in brackets for x (µm), c (mmHg) and nT (µM). Parameter values: L = 1.25 (100 µm), cc = 1 (60 mmHg) and Q = 1.88 (3.33 ×10−5 Ms−1). Remaining parameter values as in Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-non-dimensional-parameters-associated-with-the-1ubqgbqz.png Table 5 Non-dimensional parameters associated with the simplified single layer model (see equations (24)–(26)). Only those parameter values that change have been listed, all other parameter values remain as in Table 2. (Values given to an accuracy of at most three significant figures). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-graphs-comparing-numerical-and-approximate-solutions-mnqg8c0b.png Fig. 8 Graphs comparing numerical and approximate solutions to the single layer model. Graph (a) compares the results for the proportional increase in xc, due to the action of Ngb, from the approximation (36) and the solution to the full problem (8) and (13)–(15). In general the approximate solution overestimates the numerical solution, particularly for small values of cc. Graph (b) compares the results for the effect of P50 upon xc from the approximation (36), the solution to the simplified problem (8) and (24)–(26) and the solution to the full problem (8) and (13)–(15); the value of xc at P50 = √γcc is marked with a circle. The numerical solutions to the simplified and full problems lie mostly beneath the approximate solution. The numerical solutions to the full and simplified problems were obtained using the FEM with 801 mesh points. Parameter values: L = 2 and Q = 1.50; (b) cc = 1 and nT = 34.7. Remaining parameter values as in Tables 2 and 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-simulation-results-from-the-eight-layer-model-showing-3w115gos.png Fig. 9 Simulation results from the eight layer model showing the oxygen distribution in the healthy human retina under LA and DA in the absence of Ngb. The spatial extent of the different layers is depicted by the vertical lines, whilst the hypoxic threshold, c= γ , is denoted by a horizontal line. The oxygen concentration in the outer retina (layers 1-5) and layer 6 is significantly lower under DA due to the increased rate of oxygen uptake by the photoreceptor ISs. Equations (20)–(23) were solved using the FEM with 501 mesh points. Under LA Q3 = 3.76, whereas under DA Q3 = 7.52. In both cases nTi = 0 (i = 1,. . ., 8). Remaining parameter values as in Tables 2 and 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-non-dimensional-parameters-associated-with-the-eight-i8lk50c8.png Table 4 Non-dimensional parameters associated with the eight layer model (see equations (16)–(23)). (Values given to an accuracy of at most three significant figures) https://scispace.com/papers/retirement-in-the-21st-century-2mn8cmcp0l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-exits-from-paid-work-by-initial-health-men-aged-pznregp0.png Figure 4.3. Exits from paid work, by initial health (men aged 50–59) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-employment-rates-of-older-men-by-education-men-50-1a5839fb.png Figure 2.3. Employment rates of older men, by education (men 50–59) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-6-employment-rates-of-older-women-1968-2013-1g44kj81.png Figure 2.6. Employment rates of older women, 1968–2013 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-7-employment-rates-of-successive-cohorts-of-women-2p5mcuoy.png Figure 2.7. Employment rates of successive cohorts of women, by age https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-hours-and-changes-in-hours-worked-among-those-aged-3oc6ld7e.png Table 4.2. Hours and changes in hours worked among those aged 50–69 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-average-uk-house-prices-since-1995-2013-prices-lzvx3nzx.png Figure 3.1. Average UK house prices since 1995 (2013 prices) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-2-exits-from-paid-work-among-men-and-women-13um13om.png Figure B.2. Exits from paid work among men and women: percentage of those initially working who are still working in later years https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-1-employment-rates-of-older-women-by-education-2fmpkd7r.png Figure B.1. Employment rates of older women, by education (women 50– 59) https://scispace.com/papers/retour-sur-l-etude-prospective-garonne-2050-5frxvycccr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-organisation-de-letude-garonne-2050-1ucc42rp.png Figure 4 : Organisation de l’étude Garonne 2050 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-territoire-de-gestion-de-lagence-de-leau-adour-dwzcjhv4.png Figure 1 : Territoire de gestion de l’Agence de l’Eau Adour‑Garonne et périmètre spatial de l’étude (en couleur) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evolution-simulee-des-debits-mensuels-modele-gr4j-m1jaxqha.png Figure 3 : Evolution simulée des débits mensuels (modèle GR4J) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-passee-des-temperatures-precipita-tions-2srta717.png Figure 2 : Evolution passée des températures, précipita‑ tions et débits de la Garonne dans la région de Bordeaux (SMIDDEST et al. 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-representation-de-lincertitude-climatique-future-1y0s51fn.png Figure 8 : Représentation de l’incertitude climatique future dans les résultats de simulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-concep-u-lisation-dun-bassin-versant-elementaire-et-2sjeci9d.png Figure 7 : Concep u lisation d’un bassin versant élémentaire et modèle global https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-modelisation-du-bassin-de-la-garonne-en-22-bas-sins-5jopm47f.png Figure 6 : Modélisation du bassin de la Garonne en 22 bas‑ sins versants élémentaires https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-modalites-de-construction-des-scenarios-2727te4k.png Figure 5 : Modalités de construction des scénarios https://scispace.com/papers/retrenchment-and-the-atomicity-pattern-1h2kw1e4bt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-atomicity-pattern-3bvo1p0q.png Figure 2. The Atomicity Pattern https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-models-refinements-vertical-arrows-retrenchments-15otiaj0.png Figure 1. Models, refinements (vertical arrows), retrenchments (horizontal arrows), making up a commuting diagram of the ATC specification development. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-mondex-concrete-protocol-2gulua4j.png Figure 3. The Mondex Concrete Protocol https://scispace.com/papers/retrieval-analysis-of-38-wfc3-transmission-spectra-and-1n49tig8d9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-high-resolution-jwst-like-mock-retrievals-for-wasp-8ydqlzkm.png Figure 10. High-resolution (JWST-like) mock retrievals for WASP-17b using R0 = 1.709 RJ and P0 = 8 bar. The left column of retrievals hold P0 fixed at 8 bar and fit for R0, while the right column holds R0 fixed at 1.709 RJ and fit for P0. The top, middle, and bottom rows are for three molecules with grey clouds, water only (cloud-free), and water only with grey clouds, respectively. All mock retrievals assume isothermal atmospheres and uncertainties of 10 ppm. Vertical lines indicate the true (input) values of the parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-27-same-as-fig-17-but-for-the-trappist-1-exoplanets-3b989t47.png Figure 27. Same as Fig. 17, but for the TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets assuming Earth-like atmospheres (m = 29 mH). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-same-as-fig-27-but-assuming-atmospheres-dominated-106igyxb.png Figure 28. Same as Fig. 27, but assuming atmospheres dominated by molecular hydrogen (variable m), where the pressure scale height is larger by about an order of magnitude. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-left-column-posterior-distributions-and-synthetic-jrq8uabf.png Figure 17. Left column: Posterior distributions and synthetic spectrum for the best model (as selected by the Bayesian evidence). Right column: Comparison of Bayesian evidence for objects for which it is not possible to distinguish between cloudy atmospheres containing water only versus cloud-free atmospheres with both water and ammonia present. The solid, dotted, and dashed vertical lines represent the median value, the 1σ uncertainties associated with the median and the best-fitting value of each posterior distribution, respectively. XO-1b is one of two objects with the highest Bayesian evidence for the cloud-free, isothermal model with water only (excluding the TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-same-as-fig-17-but-for-exo-saturns-0-2-0-4mj-hat-p-2wu2l8em.png Figure 23. Same as Fig. 17, but for exo-Saturns (0.2–0.4MJ): HAT-P-12b, HAT-P-18b, HAT-P-38b, and HD 149026b. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-strength-of-wfc3-water-feature-ah-in-terms-of-293m26nd.png Figure 1. Strength of WFC3 water feature, AH, in terms of pressure scale heights as a function of the equilibrium temperature. Also shown are the theoretical predictions of AH for cloud-free and cloudy atmospheres. For the latter, the curves correspond to transit chords probing Pcloud ∼ 1 μbar, ∼0.1 mbar and ∼10 mbar if the opacity was solely due to grey clouds and the gravity is ∼103 cm s−2. It is apparent that all of the 34 atmospheres are cloudy if only water is assumed to be present. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-same-as-fig-3-but-for-cloud-free-models-in-which-we-32mtjme1.png Figure 5. Same as Fig. 3, but for cloud-free models in which we fix m = 2.4mH (logXH2O posterior bumps up against 0) versus a variable m (posteriors distributions are in a darker shade) that takes into account water-rich atmospheres. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-same-as-fig-3-but-elucidating-the-effect-of-1atlunm8.png Figure 8. Same as Fig. 3, but elucidating the effect of pressure broadening. The posteriors are for P = 1 mbar, while the posteriors associated with P = 1 bar are overplotted as the solid curves. The vertical and horizontal lines represent the median values. https://scispace.com/papers/retrieval-search-and-strength-evoke-dissociable-brain-53jhhagwka 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-regions-modulated-by-memory-strength-but-not-2eayrjhi.png Figure 5. Regions modulated by memory strength but not significantly activated by search. Statistical activation map showing areas with increasing (red) or decreasing (blue) activity with increasing study level during recall ( p < .05, corrected for multiple comparisons), with an exclusion mask of regions in which activity differed ( p < .05) between the forgotten and classify trials. Clusters are overlaid on the lateral pial surface of the Talairach and Tournoux N27 average brain and coronal cross-sections (indicated with dashed lines) of the mean anatomical image of all participants. Graphs display the time course of the percent signal change (±SE ) in the left DLPFC (A) and left and right superior (B, D) and inferior (C, E) parietal cortex for low-, medium-, and high-study recall conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-regions-correlated-with-response-time-areas-more-2rrxoocc.png Figure 2. Regions correlated with response time. Areas more positively (warm colors) and negatively (cool colors) correlated with response times during the recall task than the classify task ( p < .05, corrected for multiple comparisons) are displayed on the Talairach and Tournoux N27 average pial surface. Longer response times were associated with less activity in bilateral dorsomedial prefrontal, inferior frontal and inferior parietal cortex, and left precuneus and middle temporal cortex. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-regions-activated-by-search-but-not-by-memory-31k8qhun.png Figure 4. Regions activated by search but not by memory strength. Statistical activation map displaying the conjunction of regions more (red) or less (blue) active during remembered and forgotten trials than classify trials ( p < .05, corrected for multiple comparisons), with an exclusion mask of regions in which activity differed ( p < .05) between low-, medium-, and high-study recall conditions. Clusters are overlaid on the right pial surface of the Talairach and Tournoux N27 average brain. Graphs depict the time course of the percent signal change (± SE ) in bilateral inferior parietal cortex (A), superior temporal cortex (B), temporal pole (C), DMPFC (D), and medial parietal cortex (E), illustrating greater negative deflection from baseline during remembered and forgotten trials relative to classify trials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-activity-in-dacc-a-and-left-anterior-insula-b-1a72kmo4.png Figure 3. Activity in DACC (A) and left anterior insula (B) increased during search and was modulated by memory strength. Statistical activation maps show the conjunction of regions with greater activity during remembered and forgotten recall trials than classify trials and increasing activity from the high- to medium- to low-study recall conditions ( p < .05, corrected for multiple comparisons). Clusters are overlaid on the right medial pial surface of the Talairach and Tournoux N27 average brain and a coronal cross-section (indicated with dashed line) of the mean anatomical image of all participants. Impulse–response plots display the time course of the percent signal change (± SE) in these clusters for the remembered, forgotten, and classify trials and high-, medium-, and low-study recall conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-protocol-a-before-scanning-158hb2sp.png Figure 1. Experimental protocol. (A) Before scanning, participants studied 120 word-pair associates. Pairs were presented one, three, or five times during the study session. (B) Event-related fMRI was conducted while participants performed classify (green box) or recall (red box) tasks. During recall trials, a classification response was prompted after “remember” responses. (C) After scanning, participants performed a cued recall test on all studied word pairs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-significant-clusters-p-05-for-the-search-and-3qcvvx44.png Table 2. Significant Clusters ( p < .05) for the Search and Strength (A), Search-only (B), and Strength-only (C) Analyses https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relative-levels-of-search-strength-differences-and-3nq7xugs.png Table 1. Relative Levels of Search, Strength Differences, and Retrieval Success Presented for Each of the Three Comparisons: Remembered versus Classify, Forgotten versus Classify, and Study Level https://scispace.com/papers/retrofit-design-methodology-for-substandard-r-c-buildings-19qwhw02d1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-elastic-periods-and-modal-participation-mass-ratios-3bg3siio.png TABLE 4 Elastic periods and modal participation mass ratios of the existing building. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-elastic-periods-and-modal-participation-mass-ratios-21rgzu8s.png TABLE 6 Elastic periods and modal participation mass ratios of the building after the addition of the R.C. infill walls https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-dimensions-and-reinforcing-details-of-the-r-c-infill-fu3jyrf8.png TABLE 5 Dimensions and reinforcing details of the R.C. infill walls. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-required-stiffness-for-the-correction-of-the-3c5nbqbq.png TABLE 7 Required stiffness for the correction of the response shape in x and y direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-demand-for-the-adopted-retrofit-scenario-in-a-5fw514z2.png FIGURE 9 Demand for the adopted retrofit scenario in (a) direction x and (b) direction y. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-comparison-of-the-capacity-curves-before-and-after-k9m200la.png FIGURE 12 Comparison of the capacity curves before and after the addition of the R.C. jackets to selected existing columns in the first and second story: (a) direction x and (b) irection y. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-calculated-base-shear-vs-top-displacement-for-the-1jve49do.png FIGURE 13 Calculated base shear vs top displacement for the retrofit solution; (a) direction x; (b) direction y. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plan-layout-a-of-the-existing-building-b-of-the-228mdc5c.png FIGURE 3 Plan layout (a) of the existing building; (b) of the retrofitted building (eccentricity elimination). https://scispace.com/papers/retrieval-of-the-optical-depth-using-an-all-sky-ccd-camera-4ycxtaudew 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-a-spectral-radiance-calculated-by-the-1j8kxbho.png Fig. 5. (Color online) (a) Spectral radiance calculated by the iteration procedure, using the radiative transfer code, versus the spectral radiance reconstructed by the linear pseudoinverse spectral algorithm. (b) Histogram of the differences between the reconstructed and the calculated zenith spectral radiances. Both figures include all individual radiance values from 380 to 780nm corresponding to the selected data sets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-optical-depth-550nm-time-evolution-10m2hmkz.png Fig. 6. (Color online) Optical depth (550nm) time evolution (experimental values using the CIMEL sunphotometer and calculated values using the iterative algorithm): (a) 30 October 2006 and (b) 31 October 2006. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-histogram-of-the-differences-between-kzsg1r95.png Fig. 7. (Color online) Histogram of the differences between experimental (sunphotometer CIMEL values) and calculated optical depth values for the complete data set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-picture-of-the-ccd-camera-system-and-the-3jv35spx.png Fig. 1. (Color online) Picture of the CCD camera system and the Sun tracker. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-sky-image-example-captured-and-zenithal-68v3oiyp.png Fig. 3. (Color online) Sky image example captured and zenithal spectral radiance assessed by the linear pseudoinverse algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-sky-image-example-captured-and-processed-86foj5xp.png Fig. 2. (Color online) Sky image example captured and processed by the system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-zenithal-spectral-radiance-curves-2dqnliho.png Fig. 4. (Color online) Zenithal spectral radiance curves calculated by the linear pseudoinverse algorithm (measured) and compared with the results using the radiative transfer code (calculated) for two selected cases: (a) Saharan dust event and (b) low aerosol load. https://scispace.com/papers/retrieval-of-effective-aerosol-diameter-from-satellite-7lxagxb40q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-plot-of-the-model-of-versus-effective-diameter-297ng1c1.png Figure 7: A plot of the model of 𝑻𝟖.𝟕−𝟏𝟐.𝟎 ∈𝟖.𝟕 𝟐 versus effective diameter 𝒅 with the actual points used to calculate the coefficients 𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒇 numerically. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-seviri-dust-rgb-for-04-04-2015-12-00-utc-the-dust-tg95zbhc.png Figure 19: SEVIRI dust RGB for 04.04.2015 12:00 UTC. The dust cloud is over Location#3. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-t-of-8-710-8-12-0-bands-left-hand-side-vertical-xtqlaovs.png Figure 20: T of 8.7,10.8, 12.0 bands (left-hand side vertical axis) and 𝒅 (right-hand side vertical axis) versus time of the 3rd to 5rd of April 2015 over Location# 3 (21.9N, 67.9E). The time of the satellite image in Figure 19 is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-model-testing-results-with-one-2j0g65x1.png Table 1: Summary of the model testing results with one standard deviation and 95% confidence interval from a single value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-brightness-temperature-of-8-710-8-12-0-mm-bands-1vkaai7c.png Figure 5: the brightness temperature of 8.7,10.8, 12.0 μm bands (left-hand side vertical axis) and effective diameter d (right-hand side vertical axis) versus time of the 20th of June 2011 at 24.0N, 10.0W. The time of the satellite image in Figure 4 is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-seviri-dust-rgb-for-01-04-2015-11-15-utc-showing-3pv5y5f5.png Figure 14: SEVIRI dust RGB for 01.04.2015 11:15 UTC, showing the location where the brightness temperature of 8.7, 10.8, 12 m bands were plotted (Figure 12). The black arrow indicates the direction of the dust storm movement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-brightness-temperature-of-8-710-8-12-0-m-bands-2sb23szr.png Figure 13: the brightness temperature of 8.7,10.8, 12.0 m bands (left-hand side vertical axis) and diameter 𝒅 (righthand side vertical axis) versus time of the 25th of June 2011 at 23.7N, 10.3W. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-seviri-dust-rgb-on-20th-of-june-2011-at-15-30-utc-1bgbd669.png Figure 4: SEVIRI Dust RGB on 20th of June 2011 at 15:30 UTC, the yellow triangle shows the location of Figure 5 (24.0N, 10.0W). https://scispace.com/papers/retrievals-of-aerosol-size-distribution-spherical-fraction-48jds9v0sp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-key-sampling-statistics-by-aerosol-type-2u3hpkay.png Table 1 Summary of Key Sampling Statistics by Aerosol Type https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-mean-values-black-of-the-532-nm-f11-and-f12-f11-1g2ozf7x.png Figure 2. The mean values (black) of the 532 nm F11 and −F12∕F11 GRASP fits for the coarse mode of the SEAC4RS measurements. The theoretical values given the 5th (blue) and 95th (red) percentiles of the retrieved volume median coarse mode radius (rvc), spherical fraction (SPH), real refractive index (n), and imaginary refractive index (k) are shown in comparison. The gray region denotes the 1𝜎 uncertainty window of the Polarized Imaging Nephelometer measurement measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-median-relative-residuals-between-the-3g6d1qaf.png Table 2 The Median Relative Residuals Between the Measurements and GRASP Fits of F11 and −F12∕F11 Over All Scattering Angles https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-complex-refractive-indices-and-spherical-hhfal57t.png Table 4 The Complex Refractive Indices and Spherical Fractions Retrieved From the Sample Averages of Each Aerosol Type Are Listed Along With the Corresponding 1𝜎 Uncertainty Estimates Derived From the Monte Carlo Simulations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-spread-of-the-retrieved-complex-refractive-1vc7rbeq.png Figure 8. The spread of the retrieved complex refractive index, volume median radii, fine mode fraction, and spherical fraction values grouped by aerosol type. The white central mark indicates the median while the boxes denote the 25th and 75th percentiles with the whiskers extending to the 5th and 95th percentiles of the data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-normalized-particle-volume-distributions-and-2ki4gwli.png Figure 9. Normalized particle volume distributions and spectral real refractive indices (inset) retrieved from the sample averages of all explored classification types. Inlet cutoff effects, which predominately influence the largest particles, likely lead to an underestimation of the particle volume contained within the coarse mode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-mean-values-black-of-the-532-nm-f11-and-f12-f11-wrb41mi1.png Figure 1. The mean values (black) of the 532 nm F11 and −F12∕F11 GRASP fits for the fine mode of the SEAC4RS measurements. The theoretical values given the 5th (blue) and 95th (red) percentiles of the retrieved volume median fine mode radius (rvf ), spherical fraction (SPH), real refractive index (n), and imaginary refractive index (k) are shown in comparison. The gray region denotes the 1𝜎 uncertainty window of the Polarized Imaging Nephelometer measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-monte-carlo-procedure-used-to-estimate-the-363vk10q.png Figure 5. The Monte Carlo procedure used to estimate the retrieval errors. A synthetic data set is derived by adding instrument representative noise to the fits of the measured samples (denoted with single hats). Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties (GRASP) is then used to fit these simulated measurements (fits of synthetic data are denoted with double hats) and the parameters retrieved from the synthetic data (denoted with an asterisk) are compared with the parameters retrieved from the true measurements that exactly reproduce the “simulated truth.” Niter was 300 for SEAC4RS samples but only 100 iterations were used in the DC3 simulations due to the higher computational demands associated with the larger number of samples obtained in this campaign. PSAP = Particle Soot Absorption Photometer; PI-Neph = Polarized Imaging Nephelometer; PSD = particle size distribution; SPH = spherical particles. https://scispace.com/papers/retrieving-common-discretionary-lane-changing-10xnzkph95 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-scatter-and-histogram-plot-of-preview-distance-with-193i0b7v.png Fig 15. Scatter and histogram plot of preview distance with respect to average speed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-hoeffdings-test-result-for-factor-speed-pairs-3uqmhq6z.png TABLE II HOEFFDING’S TEST RESULT FOR FACTOR-SPEED PAIRS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-different-vehicle-parameter-sets-3v4k7ush.png TABLE III DIFFERENT VEHICLE PARAMETER SETS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-scatter-and-histogram-plot-of-preview-distance-with-1w7h5n50.png Fig 16. Scatter and histogram plot of preview distance with respect to average speed, where three different sets of vehicle parameters (shown in Table III) are adopted. To make the plot clear, we show only 15% points which are randomly sampled from each dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-scatter-and-histogram-plot-of-delay-with-respect-to-3g5apu9f.png Fig 14. Scatter and histogram plot of delay with respect to average speed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-scatter-and-histogram-plot-of-gain-value-with-respect-n4u11md4.png Fig 12. Scatter and histogram plot of gain value with respect to average speed. The contour plot clearly indicates that the distribution of gain value does not change with varies average speed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-scatter-and-histogram-plot-of-gain-increasing-rate-cn9g5s21.png Fig 13. Scatter and histogram plot of gain increasing rate with respect to average speed. https://scispace.com/papers/retrograde-amnesia-for-autobiographical-memories-and-public-3auie3tztw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-scores-on-the-remote-memory-tests-for-the-ad-5amjgvj2.png Table 1 Mean scores on the remote memory tests for the AD- and NC group and results of tests for difference between means https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-performance-on-the-amv-for-the-patients-with-1n3mqz9b.png Figure 1. (a) Performance on the AMV for the patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the matched controls, based on 21 controls and 21 patients, with for each mean one border of 95% confidence intervals drawn in. (b) Relative retrograde gradient computed on the basis of the data in panel a. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-retrograde-memory-tests-and-the-i9102rn9.png Table 2 Correlations between retrograde memory tests and the MMSE and the anterograde memory tests in the Alzheimer group (n = 21) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relative-retrograde-gradient-calculated-from-the-2oglrfat.png Figure 3. Relative retrograde gradient calculated from the data of published studies of retrograde amnesia in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. X-axis gives the remoteness of the midpoints of the time periods, the Y-axis estimated memory strength relative to controls, B.88=Beatty et al., 1988; K.89=Kopelman, 1989; W.81=Wilson et al., 1981; M.pr=Meeter et al., in prees; L.97=Leplow et al., 1997; P.89=Piolino et al., 1989; 1.04=Ivanoiu et al., 2004; G.95=Greene et al., 1995; rec-recall, CR=cued, F-face naming; voc=vocabulary; epis=episodic events questions; sem=personal semantic questions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-performance-on-the-ami-personal-semantic-questions-aovpe7pk.png Figure 2. Performance on the AMI personal-semantic questions (a) and autobiographical incidents (b) for patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and matched controls. Based on data from 18 controls and 18 patients, with for each mean one border of 95% confidence intervals drawn in. (c) Relative retrograde gradient computed on the basis of the data in panels a and b. https://scispace.com/papers/retrospective-benefit-cost-analysis-of-security-enhancing-4zhfdrdj71 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-benefit-cost-by-area-when-changing-to-new-level-of-2sli11yn.png Table 1: Benefit-Cost by Area When Changing to New Level of Security https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-statistics-of-the-iris-npv-distribution-million-2017-3fe839ir.png Table 5. Statistics of the IRIS NPV Distribution (Million 2017 dollars) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-base-case-benefits-and-npv-for-iris-2d34ppvy.png Table 3: Estimated Base Case Benefits and NPV for IRIS (Million 2017 dollars) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cost-savings-and-net-benefit-with-total-cost-s-as-3jqqisbt.png Figure 3: Cost Savings and Net Benefit with Total Cost (S) = aS + bS2; Base Technology in Use https://scispace.com/figures/table-1a-summary-of-optimized-results-2baez8sy.png Table 1: Benefit-Cost by Area When Changing to New Level of Security https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ranges-of-iris-inputs-for-sensitivity-analysis-2mlw9izj.png Table 4. Ranges of IRIS Inputs for Sensitivity Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-initial-optimal-security-from-maximum-expected-net-3hzddlgi.png Figure 1: Initial Optimal Security from Maximum Expected Net Benefit (EDA – Cost) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-base-case-benefits-and-npv-for-armor-1wf0uw3h.png Table 2: Estimated Base Case Benefits and NPV for ARMOR (Million 2017 dollars) https://scispace.com/papers/retrospective-analysis-of-patients-for-development-of-45b8nroado 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-clinical-data-in-27-patients-post-37m437oz.png Table 1 Demographic and clinical data in 27 patients post-digital subtraction angiography with gadolinium-based contrast agents (GDBCA) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relevant-laboratory-values-in-27-patients-post-etro0b9a.png Table 2 Relevant laboratory values in 27 patients post-digital subtraction angiography with gadolinium-based contrast agents https://scispace.com/papers/retrovirus-insertion-site-analysis-of-lgl-leukemia-patient-2sq03rt7re 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-histogram-of-the-number-of-polymorphic-herv-k-lfqmgxql.png Fig. 3 Histogram of the number of polymorphic HERV-K proviruses identified in LGL leukemia patients compared to individuals of European origin from KGP. Data are shown for 51 LGL patients (blue) and for the subset of 40 patients with T-LGL leukemia of European ancestry (T-LGLEUR, orange). Data for the 505 EUR individuals (gray) from the KGP data is from Li et al. [18] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prevalence-proportion-of-lgl-patients-and-2ichyj3d.png Table 1 Prevalence (proportion) of LGL patients and individuals from the five super-populations represented in the KGP data carrying a polymorphic HERV-K provirus https://scispace.com/papers/rett-networked-database-an-integrated-clinical-and-genetic-17t8mym03t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-types-of-values-of-the-items-a-example-of-a-static-p8azcc0x.png Figure 1. Types of values of the items. A: Example of a static drop-down menu for item “weight score” and of a longitudinal item “weight with age (gr)” in the “weight” domain. B: Example of values present in the “regression” domain: numerical field value “regression age (months)” and text field value “behavioral disturbance” C: Example of yes/no drop-down menu for the item “mutation in a gene” and a dynamic drop-down menu for the item “mutated gene,” present in the “genetic data” domain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-search-tool-a-example-of-research-of-patients-86vw4nx8.png Figure 3. The “search tool.” A: Example of research of patients from the whole archive having specific values for five items (RettDiagnosed, headscore, Ageatepilepsy, MutatedGene, AAChange) belonging to eight domains (personal data, Rett diagnosed, family data, pregnancy and delivery, head, weight, epilepsy, genetic data) (modified from the longer list available at www.rettdatabasenetwork.org/Search.asp). By clicking on the “next” button, a second page, where specific values for the selected items can be chosen, is visualized (B). By clicking on the “search” button, the system will return the total number and the list of all patients fulfilling the selected criteria. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-harmonization-of-1-out-of-293-clinical-items-the-2omgb7vl.png Table 1. Harmonization of 1 Out of 293 Clinical Items: The Example of “Head Score” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scheme-representing-rett-networked-database-in-the-151ydqce.png Figure 2. Scheme representing Rett Networked Database. In the central part of the figure, the dynamically generated Web server interface is represented. Dark gray arrows: data flow from preexisting databases to the new central one. Light gray arrows: direct data insertion from local centers. https://scispace.com/papers/return-of-fear-after-retrospective-inferences-about-the-2t02jc3lkw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-us-expectancies-for-the-cs-and-the-cs-during-2fneuvit.png Figure 1. US expectancies for the CS+ and the CS- during baseline, acquisition, extinction, and test, represented separately for the control group (CG) and the retrospective inference group (RIG). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-skin-conductance-responses-for-the-cs-and-the-cs-2w8ukyi0.png Figure 2. Skin conductance responses for the CS+ and the CS- during baseline, acquisition, extinction, and test, represented separately for the for the control group (CG) and the retrospective inference group (RIG). https://scispace.com/papers/return-purchase-or-skip-outcome-duration-and-consumer-4ipwtekqii 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-raw-and-estimated-conditional-termination-rates-a-ke9h4oc3.png Fig. 1 Raw and estimated conditional termination rates. a Return rate, top (bottom) solid line is group 1(2), overall is dashed; heavy line is raw rate. b Purchase rate, top (bottom) solid line is group 1(2), overall is dashed; heavy line is raw rate. c Skip rate. The figure compares the raw conditional termination rate (thick line) with that estimated by the model. The top, middle, and bottom panes present the return, purchase, and skip exits, respectively. In each pane, the highest to lowest lines represent the exit proportions for group 1, overall, and group 2, respectively; for added emphasis, a dashed line is used for the overall group. Com paring the overall estimate to that of the raw illustrates the general goodness of fit. Note for the purchase exit the three estimated lines are nearly coincident, with group 1 having a noticeably higher probability for the latter part of the time interval https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-expected-durations-evaluated-at-various-factor-3gci749p.png Table 4 Expected durations evaluated at various factor values https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-return-purchase-and-loss-probabilities-evaluated-at-3arl05n1.png Table 3 Return, purchase, and loss probabilities evaluated at various factor values https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-of-the-competing-risk-model-with-1wn4qudp.png Table 2 Estimates of the competing risk model with unobserved heterogeneity https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-estimated-termination-rates-of-return-under-two-14y22ar0.png Fig. 2 Estimated termination rates of return under two scenarios. The figure contrasts two scenarios: (a) weekly payment schedule and relatively long contract length (dashed lines) with (b) monthly schedule and short length (solid lines). Within each scenario, the highest to lowest lines represent group 1, overall, and group 2, respectively; to emphasize the overall lines they are drawn thick https://scispace.com/papers/return-to-driving-after-traumatic-brain-injury-a-british-53qplzs7hi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristics-of-the-uk-mobility-centres-services-35lkc8fn.png Table 3 Characteristics of the UK Mobility Centres: Services offered and staff-mix https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-uk-mobility-centres-and-for-each-centre-the-2cf1erxg.png Figure 1 The UK Mobility Centres and for each centre the number of TBI clients assessed as a percentage of each centre’s total client group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-patients-assessed-by-uk-mobility-centres-according-1j22yfgi.png Figure 2 Patients Assessed by UK Mobility Centres According to Medical Category: 12 months: April 2001 to March 2002 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequency-of-problems-reported-by-respondents-at-3fzmq1uz.png Table 1 Frequency of problems reported by respondents at interview https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-uk-mobility-centres-number-and-type-of-patients-fr9tjyyv.png Table 2 The UK Mobility Centres: Number and type of patients assessed annually (all based on 2001/2002 figures) https://scispace.com/papers/return-to-sport-among-french-alpine-skiers-after-an-anterior-1isnikrwnz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-podium-finishes-before-and-after-anterior-y96etfpn.png Figure 2. Number of podium finishes before and after anterior cruciate ligament rupture by sex and competition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-career-length-in-the-study-groups-by-discipline-and-2c1xgmlp.png TABLE 1 Career Length in the Study Groups by Discipline and Sexa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-incidence-from-1980-to-2013-number-of-anterior-17uwid0y.png Figure 1. Incidence from 1980 to 2013: number of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures per number of skiers per year. Dashed lines indicate means. https://scispace.com/papers/returning-to-returns-revisiting-the-british-education-4bzo5hi8pk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-aic-calculated-for-iv-models-male-sample-3gw2ik88.png TABLE 2. AIC CALCULATED FOR IV MODELS – MALE SAMPLE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-4-seasonality-in-earnings-for-cohorts-born-in-1941-1tmheu79.png FIGURE B.4. SEASONALITY IN EARNINGS FOR COHORTS BORN IN 1941-61. MALE SAMPLE https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-4-t-tests-for-significance-of-differences-in-3981wqdr.png TABLE B.4. T-TESTS FOR SIGNIFICANCE OF DIFFERENCES IN EARNINGS FOR COHORTS BORN IN 1941-61. MALE SAMPLE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-stylized-description-of-our-instrument-vis-a-vis-3o92tlu2.png FIGURE 8. STYLIZED DESCRIPTION OF OUR INSTRUMENT VIS-À-VIS INSTRUMENTS USED IN REVIEWED LITERATURE https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-ghs-descriptive-statistics-for-the-study-of-1947-zev9e5dr.png TABLE A.1. GHS DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS FOR THE STUDY OF 1947 SLA REFORM https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-local-average-rd-effects-of-rosla-laws-on-schooling-7ozcnhw7.png TABLE 3. LOCAL AVERAGE RD EFFECTS OF ROSLA LAWS ON SCHOOLING AND LOG WEEKLY EARNINGS – MALE SAMPLE https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-fes-descriptive-statistics-for-the-joint-study-of-1fi9j7ru.png TABLE A.2. FES DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS FOR THE JOINT STUDY OF 1947 & 1972 SLA REFORMS https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1st-stage-and-2sls-effects-of-rosla-laws-on-m8j5egbx.png TABLE 4. 1ST STAGE AND 2SLS EFFECTS OF ROSLA LAWS ON SCHOOLING AND LOG HOURLY EARNINGS - MALE SAMPLE https://scispace.com/papers/reunifying-versus-living-apart-together-across-borders-a-2ofuvyc3om 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-to-reunification-in-europe-for-latab-couples-qyhesex7.png Figure 1. Time to reunification in Europe for LATAB couples from DR-Congo, Ghana and Senegal https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-variables-used-in-the-models-sample-description-3sutgssj.png Table 3. Variables used in the models. Sample description (Observations at time of censoring or reunification in Europe, weighted percentages) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-models-results-dwrxr0kl.png Table 4. Models Results https://scispace.com/papers/reusable-electronics-and-adaptable-communication-as-35f6mgqjnv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-odin-heterogeneous-modular-robot-odin-is-made-of-27rjdg07.png Fig. 1. The Odin heterogeneous modular robot. Odin is made of several types of links (rods) and one type of joint (spheres). Each type of link provides one specific functionality, such as power, actuation, sensing or structure, and the joints define the structure of the robot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-proof-of-concept-experiment-to-show-links-and-10mnh64t.png Fig. 12. Proof-of-concept experiment to show links and communication system running. All links begin execution with internal bridges open. In addition, all actuators (1,2,3) are prepared to execute extend/contract orders, but only actuator (1) sends such orders to itself and to its neighbours. In (a), actuator (1) extend/contract alone at certain frequency. In (b), power link (4) closes its internal bridge, and actuators (1,2) extend/contract synchronously. In (c), power link (5) closes its internal bridge, and all actuators extend/contract synchronously. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-three-examples-of-network-topologies-provided-by-our-1nnyx4qp.png Fig. 2. Three examples of network topologies provided by our communication system. Modules are represented by circles and buses by arrows. In (a), every module communicates only with adjacent neighbours using local buses. In (b), all the modules of the system communicate between each other through a global bus. Finally, in (c), several non-global channels, or hybrid buses, enable communication between non-adjacent modules. The global bus of (b) can be seen as a special case of hybrid bus. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-electronics-layout-of-odin-the-general-board-hosts-n1xmocvk.png Fig. 4. Electronics’ layout of Odin. The General board hosts reusable components and is common to the design of every type of link. The Specific board hosts non-reusable components (plus a few reusable ones) and is unique to each type of link. Each board is placed at opposite ends of the link, and they interconnect by a flat cable (FCC) passing power, communication and microcontroller lines. Power and communication lines are furthermore sent to the joints. For the sake of simplicity, this figure does not include all reusable components. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-components-found-in-the-design-of-every-type-of-link-2qtkoy5s.png TABLE I COMPONENTS FOUND IN THE DESIGN OF EVERY TYPE OF LINK OF ODIN. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-link-rod-and-joint-sphere-the-two-basic-types-of-2wmjmxfm.png Fig. 3. Link (rod) and joint (sphere): the two basic types of modules of Odin. Links have spring-loaded connectors at each extreme to hook up joints, and joints have 12 sockets to host links. This flexible connectorsocket mechanism allows the system to perform movements by deforming its lattice. Links are cylinders of 35mm diameter and 120mm length, and joints are spheres of 50mm diameter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-microcontroller-lines-between-general-and-specific-1y6g7j4f.png TABLE II MICROCONTROLLER LINES BETWEEN GENERAL AND SPECIFIC BOARDS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-front-left-and-back-right-of-the-general-board-of-odin-2yxh1a2r.png Fig. 5. Front (left) and back (right) of the General board of Odin. This board embeds: one 32-bit 50MHz AT91SAM7S256 microcontroller, one 3.3V voltage regulator, one communication transceiver and 3 connectors (1,2,3). (1) sends power, communication and microcontroller lines to the Specific board, (2) sends JTAG lines to the link’s exterior and (3) forwards power and communication lines to the joints. The General board is a 4-layers PCB of 25mm diameter. https://scispace.com/papers/reusable-model-transformation-components-with-bentz-10w3auac0p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-reverse-engineering-of-km32dot-2k6jvsdf.png Fig. 5: Reverse engineering of KM32DOT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-binding-and-composite-component-definition-in-bento-shudwq7h.png Fig. 4: Binding and composite component definition in bentō https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-searching-the-repository-by-name-and-tags-1e7np3ya.png Fig. 6: Searching the repository by name and tags https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-definition-of-component-in-bento-2rkupb1w.png Fig. 3: Definition of component in bentō https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-features-of-bento-1a63jckd.png Table 1: Features of bentō https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bento-architecture-3uxqklqt.png Fig. 2: bentō architecture https://scispace.com/papers/revealed-competition-for-greenfield-investments-between-1l43vp860e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-variables-included-in-the-regression-models-2jyr9972.png Table 6: Variables Included in the Regression Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-investment-portfolios-of-the-top-20-nuts-2-regions-20cf6wj9.png Table 1: Investment Portfolios of the Top 20 NUTS-2 Regions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-revealed-competition-across-sector-function-and-137i5l1p.png Table 2: Revealed Competition across Sector, Function, and World Region of Origin https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-main-competitive-relationships-of-greater-london-and-3tlknfn3.png Table 5: Main Competitive Relationships of Greater London and Lower Silesia https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-inward-investments-across-sectors-w72dzi1y.png Figure 1: Distribution of Inward Investments across Sectors https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-ols-on-competitive-threat-posed-and-faced-by-regions-28ljp1ln.png Table 9: OLS on Competitive Threat Posed and Faced by Regions https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-regions-facing-largest-smallest-competitive-threat-26e8ve0t.png Table 8: Regions facing largest (smallest) competitive threat from other regions and regions posing the largest competitive threat to other regions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-most-competitive-market-segments-in-european-market-2uvdreje.png Table 3: Most Competitive Market Segments in European Market for Investments https://scispace.com/papers/revealing-anti-viral-potential-of-bio-active-therapeutics-31eoyokg4o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summarizing-the-docking-score-and-representing-the-3gm7jar8.png Table 1: Summarizing the docking score and representing the interaction analysis plot with best binding docking pose of phytochemicals from the herbs of Kapa Sura Kudineer and Nilavembu Kudineer https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summarizing-2d-and-3d-structure-of-bio-active-2cszgwn7.png Table 2: Summarizing 2D and 3D structure of Bio-active therapeutic ligand subjected to molecular docking Investigation against SARS-CoV-2 virus spike RNA dependent RNA polymerase (PDB)-6NUR https://scispace.com/papers/revealing-contact-interval-patterns-in-large-scale-urban-2b40la8jmm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-adjusted-r-square-statistics-of-the-exponential-3tz6lrpg.png Table 1: The adjusted R-square statistics of the exponential, power law and compound fittings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-illustration-of-deployed-vehicular-mobility-4fmpjw9c.png Figure 1: (a) The illustration of deployed vehicular mobility trace collection system. (b)CCDF of contact interval for the whole month; and (c) CCDF of contact interval for each day in a week (R = 200). https://scispace.com/papers/revealing-hydrogenation-reaction-pathways-on-naked-gold-24iw0a2h0n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-physical-and-chemical-characteristics-25as0fom.png Table 1. Summary of the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of the Au/γ-Al2O3, Au/B1, and Au/B2 Catalysts https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-selective-hydrogenations-catalyzed-by-au-b2-gubxkpzq.png Table 3. Selective Hydrogenations Catalyzed by Au/B2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-arrhenius-plot-of-the-selective-hydrogenation-of-13-39zjgf37.png Figure 2. Arrhenius plot of the selective hydrogenation of 1,3- cyclooctadiene catalyzed by Au/B2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selective-hydrogenation-of-13-cyclohexadiene-qarqnutr.png Table 2. Selective Hydrogenation of 1,3-Cyclohexadiene Catalyzed by Au/γ-Al2O3, Au/B1, and Au/B2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-characterization-of-the-aunps-model-catalysts-17nqfc07.png Figure 1. Characterization of the AuNPs model catalysts prepared by sputtering deposition: (a) BET N2 physisorption isotherms; (b) BJH pore diameter distribution; (c) XRD patterns; (d) TEM images and size histograms; (e) EDS-SEM images; (f) RBS depth-profile distribution of Au in the supports; (g) Au 4f XPS spectra. https://scispace.com/papers/revealing-substructure-in-the-galactic-halo-the-sekbo-rr-284u8fkqt5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-rrl-index-l-vs-vmagnitude-for-one-of-the-survey-fields-kyjqpyiy.png Fig. 8.—RRL index L vs. Vmagnitude for one of the survey fields that overlaps the QUEST (Vivas & Zinn 2006) survey. The two QUEST RRLs in the field are recovered above the dashed line that separates the non-RRLs of low L from the candidates with high L. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-observed-color-variation-of-a-sample-of-119-macho-rr-13f4a3j0.png Fig. 7.—Observed color variation of a sample of 119 MACHO RR Lyrae from the LMC. The line shows the best-fit relation B ¼ 1:32 R. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-total-fractional-volume-of-the-halo-surveyed-by-the-2mr67r2j.png Fig. 17.—Total fractional volume of the halo surveyed by the 3692 fields. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-apparent-spatial-density-of-rrl-candidates-determined-1yo4gpx5.png Fig. 18.—Apparent spatial density of RRL candidates determined assuming that all candidates are RRLs (see text for discussion of the best-fit lines). We use this result to quantify the average background on which substructure resides. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-wide-field-surveys-for-rrls-3bkp628r.png TABLE 1 Wide-Field Surveys for RRLs https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-table-of-rr-lyrae-candidates-found-in-the-present-3qq78y3s.png TABLE 2 Table of RR Lyrae Candidates Found in the Present Work https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-map-of-completeness-across-the-survey-the-color-1v0bjlwr.png Fig. 10.—Map of completeness across the survey. The color represents the V magnitude at which the completeness drops to 25% in the case of the RRab (top two panels) and RRc (bottom two panels) variables. The celestial equator is shown as the inclined dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-typical-completeness-profiles-as-a-function-of-h5iih6co.png Fig. 9.—Typical completeness profiles as a function of Vmagnitude for fields with 2, 3, 4, and 5 epochs (a–d, respectively). The shaded histograms represent RRL type c stars. https://scispace.com/papers/revealing-the-physics-of-movement-comparing-the-similarity-2owc5mrq30 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-basic-elements-of-movement-parameter-profiles-2j8mxspn.png Fig. 2. Basic elements of movement parameter profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-normalized-and-decomposed-velocity-and-acceleration-3ag6f75g.png Fig. 6. Normalized and decomposed velocity and acceleration profiles for the sample trajectories of motorcycle and car. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-summary-table-of-the-acceleration-profile-2zbmc5ng.png Table 8 Summary table of the acceleration profile decomposition of the sample trajectories. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-summary-table-of-the-straightness-index-profile-mk3k47ha.png Table 9 Summary table of the straightness index profile decomposition of the sample trajectories https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-trajectory-class-1aqoituw.png Fig. 3. Trajectory class https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-straightness-index-rqzh2hzg.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics for straightness index. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-spearman-rank-correlation-coefficients-1dw46cfi.png Table 4 Spearman rank correlation coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-for-velocity-eyes-pixel-ms-266minhv.png Table 2 Descriptive statistics for velocity (eyes: [pixel/ms], other MPOs: [m/s]). https://scispace.com/papers/revealing-the-working-mechanism-of-a-multi-functional-block-48seppkgx8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-photograph-and-b-time-lapsed-uv-vis-absorbance-20tjqzr4.png Fig. 3. (a) Photograph and (b) time-lapsed UV-vis absorbance spectra of the polysulfide solution after exposure to the different binders: PVdF (red), BC65 (blue), and BC82 (green). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ex-situ-xps-of-s-2p-spectra-on-the-lithium-anode-p01grj59.png Fig. 5. Ex-situ XPS of S 2p spectra on the lithium anode surface after the third cycle: (a)-(c) correspond to the sulfur cathode with PVdF, BC65, and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-images-of-sulfur-electrodes-a-c-and-e-are-fresh-2w7qf4ow.png Fig. 2. SEM images of sulfur electrodes: (a), (c), and (e) are fresh sulfur electrodes with PVdF, BC65, and BC82 as binder, respectively; (b), (d), and f) are sulfur electrodes cycled once at 0.2 C with PVdF, BC65, and BC82 as binder, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-chemical-structure-and-adsorption-energy-of-isolated-l18xo7dt.png Fig. 1. (a) Chemical structure and adsorption energy of isolated Li2Sx (2 ≤ x ≤8) to the PVdF and block copolymer in DOL/DME solvent; (b) CV curves of sulfur electrodes with different binders at a scan rate of 0.1 mV s -1 between 1.7 and 2.8 V; (c) cycling performance of sulfur electrodes with a sulfur loading of 0.8 mg cm-2, 1st cycle at 0.1 C, and continued cycles at 0.2 C (CE: coulombic efficiency); (d) 1st charge and discharge curves of sulfur electrode https://scispace.com/papers/revenue-and-yield-management-a-perspective-article-17pugx14qf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-future-of-revenue-management-a3sgn9pv.png Figure 1. The future of revenue management https://scispace.com/papers/revealing-the-potential-of-squid-chitosan-based-structures-3ufni095c9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ftir-spectra-of-a-chitin-ct-a1-cts-a2-ctc-b-ozl8ra9c.png Figure 1. FTIR spectra of (A) chitin (CT), A1-CTS, A2-CTC (B) chitosan (CHT), B1-CHTS, B2-CHTC, (C) C1-CTS and C2-CHTS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cytotoxicity-assessment-with-mts-tests-on-extracts-y6k8a9ij.png Figure 6. Cytotoxicity assessment with MTS tests on extracts from scaffolds prepared with (A) squid chitosan (CHTS) and (B) commercial https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-contact-angles-th-dispersive-g-d-and-polar-g-p-2fvkzj9m.png Table 1. Contact angles (θ ); dispersive (γ d) and polar (γ p) components and superficial energy (γ ) of the developed membranes (CHTS and CHTS). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-weight-loss-of-chts-and-chtc-membranes-in-pbs-in-the-17vyttdz.png Table 2. Weight loss of CHTS and CHTC membranes in PBS, in the presence or absence of lysozyme, after 3 to 60 days of incubation at 37 ◦C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dma-results-of-chts-and-chtc-membranes-a-wet-state-23d0bl9z.png Figure 2. DMA results of CHTS and CHTC membranes: (A) wet state (B) dry state. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-youngs-modulus-determined-from-a-compression-test-3thuenm4.png Figure 5. Young’s modulus determined from a compression test (dry conditions) to investigate the mechanical properties of porous structures prepared with ( ) CHTC and ( ) CHTS, (∗) represents significant differences between scaffold formulations for the same type of chitosan (p < 0.05); (#) represents significant differences between scaffolds prepared with different chitosan origins, but neutralized using the same method (p < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sem-microphotographs-of-scaffolds-prepared-with-37vxm64l.png Figure 3. SEM microphotographs of scaffolds prepared with commercial and squid chitosan, using 3% or 4% solutions, illustrating their morphology before and after neutralization with method 1—M1 (NaOH) or method 2—M2 (ethanol/water and NaOH). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-m-ct-3d-microphotographs-of-scaffolds-and-b-mean-3hl4szg3.png Figure 4. (A) μ-ct 3D microphotographs of scaffolds and (B) mean pore size and distribution of pore size, observed after neutralization. https://scispace.com/papers/revenue-sharing-in-sports-leagues-the-effects-on-talent-458zh2fbbo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2004-selected-free-agent-reliever-signings-as-of-10-2re3injl.png Table 2: 2004 Selected Free Agent Reliever Signings as of 10:00 PM CST on 12/13/04 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2004-selected-free-agent-position-player-signings-as-190mc1tb.png Table 1: 2004 Selected Free Agent Position Player Signings as of 10:00 PM CST on 12/13/04 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2004-selected-free-agent-starter-signings-as-of-10-t38ndwhc.png Table 3: 2004 Selected Free Agent Starter Signings as of 10:00 PM CST on 12/13/04 https://scispace.com/papers/reversal-of-diastereoselectivity-in-the-synthesis-of-19sd6vb1zz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-diastereoselective-synthesis-of-14-benzodiazepin5-1ynm99ts.png Table 1. Diastereoselective Synthesis of 1,4-Benzodiazepin5-ones from Ugi/Cyclization Sequences https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-x-ray-diffraction-structure-of-14-benzodiazepin-7xcsojl2.png Figure 4. X-ray diffraction structure of 1,4-benzodiazepin-3one (αS,3R)-7e, the major isomer in the Ugi/reduction sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-superimposition-of-the-3s-enantiomer-to-a-peptide-34z26j7m.png Figure 3. Superimposition of the 3S enantiomer to a peptide backbone of (a) type I′ β and (b) type II β-turn motifs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-superimposition-of-the-3r-enantiomer-to-a-peptide-253ir4px.png Figure 2. Superimposition of the 3R enantiomer to a peptide backbone of (a) type I β and (b) type II′ β-turn motifs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-preferred-conformations-of-2-aryl-4-benzyl-14-33klq9en.png Figure 1. Preferred conformations of 2-aryl-4-benzyl-1,4-benzodiazepin-5-ones. https://scispace.com/papers/reversal-of-compromised-bonding-in-bleached-enamel-2lpzvlj03c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transmission-electron-micrographs-showing-the-qu3uacs5.png Figure 3. Transmission electron micrographs showing the nanoleakage in carbamide-peroxide-bleached enamel that was treated with sodium ascorbate prior to being acid-etched and the application of the Prime&Bond NT adhesive. (A) A low-magnification view of the resinenamel interface. C, resin composite; A, adhesive containing nanofiller particles; E, prismatic enamel. (B) A high-magnification view showing the presence of isolated, electron-dense silver grains (open arrowheads) within the etched, resin-infiltrated enamel (E). Bubble-like structures that were previously observed in the bleached enamel were absent after sodium ascorbate treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-transmission-electron-micrographs-showing-the-f39csofy.png Figure 2. Transmission electron micrographs showing the nanoleakage in carbamide-peroxide-bleached, acid-etched enamel that was bonded with Prime&Bond NT. (A) A low-magnification view of the resinenamel interface. C, resin composite; A, adhesive containing nanofiller particles; E, prismatic enamel. A region with more extensive etching is depicted, although areas with etching effect similar to that in Fig. 1A were commonly observed. (B) A high-magnification view of the resin-enamel interface, showing more extensive silver grain deposition (open arrowheads) within the etched enamel (E) as well as the adhesive layer (A). Additional bubble-like structures with peripheral silver deposits (pointers) were also evident. Arrow: less-electron-dense nanofiller clusters in the adhesive. (C) A high-magnification view showing a dense aggregation of isolated silver grains (open arrowheads) and almost spherical, bubble-like structures with incomplete peripheral silver deposits (pointers) in the adhesive layer. Arrow: nanofiller clusters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-transmission-electron-micrographs-showing-the-3bycbqd8.png Figure 1. Transmission electron micrographs showing the nanoleakage in phosphoric-acid-etched enamel (control) that was bonded with Prime&Bond NT. (A) A low-magnification view of the resinenamel interface. C, resin composite; A, adhesive containing nanofiller particles; E, prismatic enamel; arrow, interprismatic sheath. (B) A high-magnification view showing the presence of isolated, electrondense silver grains (open arrowheads) within the etched, resin-infiltrated enamel (E). Apatite crystallites were partially dissolved and exhibit central hole regions (pointer). Arrow: nanofiller clusters within the adhesive layer (A). (C) A very high magnification of (B), showing the presence of the central dark line (pointers) within a partially dissolved apatite crystallite. https://scispace.com/papers/reversal-cycle-in-square-rayleigh-benard-cells-in-turbulent-54kto25f8k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temperature-field-th-x-y-t-at-a-given-instant-t-budkrqlg.png Figure 2. Temperature field θ(x, y, t) at a given instant t (left), the corresponding background state θr(y, t) (center) and height yr(x, y, t) (right) for a square RB cell. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-from-top-to-bottom-normalised-global-angular-la1u0mgz.png Figure 5. From top to bottom: Normalised global angular impulse L2D/|L2D|, normalised kinetic energy Ekin/|Ekin|, and normalised available potential energy Eapot/|Ekin| for (Ra = 5 · 107,Pr = 4.3). Left panel: Each reversal cycle is centred and its time is rescaled by τ1 (only 10 reversals are displayed and each colour is a different reversal); Centre panel: Each reversal cycle is centred and its time is rescaled by τ1,i; Right panel: Average value of rescaled curves obtained from the complete time-series (thick lines) and curves corresponding to one standard deviation (dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-instantaneous-fields-for-a-particular-reversal-2noq4hrm.png Figure 11. Instantaneous fields for a particular reversal cycle during the accumulation phase. They are identical to those of figure 10 but streamlines are superposed either to the field Pr(yr − y)θ (top figures) or to the field ∇yr · ∇θ (bottom figures). Snapshots correspond to the same instants as in figure 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-evolution-of-eapot-contained-within-the-thermal-2qgzipb6.png Figure 12. Evolution of Eapot contained within the thermal boundary layers ( ) and outside ( ) at (Ra = 5 · 107,Pr = 3.0). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-instantaneous-fields-for-a-particular-reversal-19fs7mvf.png Figure 10. Instantaneous fields for a particular reversal cycle during the accumulation phase at regular time intervals at (Ra = 5 · 107,Pr = 3.0). The first snapshot follows point (ep’) the last precedes point (ap). Streamlines are superposed either to vorticity ω (top figures), or to kinetic energy 1 2 uiui (bottom figures). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-linear-stability-analysis-of-the-generic-fields-1blo5d1g.png Figure 20. Linear stability analysis of the generic fields for (Ra = 5·107,Pr = 3.0). (i) Placement of the different values of to with respect to the generic L2D and Eapot curves. (ii) Evolution of the energy of the normalised velocity and temperature perturbations for different base states (or equivalently to). Growth rate σ measured for different values of to: △ σ = 0.009, N σ = 0.005, σ = 0.005, σ = 0.006, ◦ σ = 0.011, • σ = 0.250; (iii) Streamlines corresponding to field ~uo(x, y, to) superposed to base state θ o(x, y, to) shown for two values of to: ◦ located between points (f) and (g) and • located on point (g). (iv) Disturbance field θ′θ′(x, y, t) measured at the end of the curves corresponding to ◦ and •. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-left-panel-normalized-angular-impulse-l2d-l2d-top-24zeh9x6.png Figure 21. Left panel: normalized angular impulse |L2D|/|L2D| (top) and normalized kinetic energy Ekin/|Ekin| (bottom) for (Ra = 5 · 10 7,Pr = 3.0) as a function of to characterizing the base state and time (t − to). Each curve represents different initial conditions i.e. different to, where solid lines indicate when a flow reversal takes place (see text). Right panel: Evolution of modal coefficients v̂mn from two initial conditions: before and at point (g). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-probability-density-function-pdf-for-t1-top-and-td-25vi3kyx.png Figure 4. Probability density function (PDF) for τ1 (top) and τd (bottom) for Pr = 3.0 and Ra = 107 (left), Ra = 5 · 107 (centre) and Ra = 108 (right). Layout is similar to figure 4. https://scispace.com/papers/reverse-engineering-of-a-mechanistic-model-of-gene-4eg43ycjvc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-parameters-of-the-symmetric-two-2a10c9ap.png Table 1: Description of the parameters of the symmetric two-dimensional toggle-switch used for the illustrations of Sections 1, 2 and Appendix C, and the network for the inference in Section 5.2 which consists in two such toggle-switch functioning in parallel. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-the-parameters-of-the-4-genes-network-2notjyt6.png Table 2: Description of the parameters of the 4-genes network used for the inference in Section 5.3. All others parameters are similar than for the toggle-switch network of Table 1, the same for every genes. The ith line (resp. the ith column) of the matrix θ, correspond to the influence of every genes on the gene i (resp. the influence of the gene i on every genes). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-distribution-of-the-number-of-clusters-found-by-14tg94jx.png Figure 8: (A): Distribution of the number of clusters found by the RJMCMC algorithm during the clustering step for each gene of the 4-genes network described in Table 2. (B): Comparison of the performances of CARDAMOM for the same network, when imposing differents values for the number of clusters in the clustering step. Performances are measured in terms of area under precision-recall curve (AUPR), based on 10 datasets corresponding to the same network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-inference-results-for-the-4-gene-network-described-yr7mmpfm.png Figure 7: Inference results for the 4-gene network described in Table 2. Performances are measured in terms of receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and precision-recall curves (PR) obtained for 10 independently simulated datasets. Each dataset contained the same 10 timepoints and 50 cells per time point. The dashed gray line indicates the average score that would be obtained by the random estimator (detecting a link or not with equal probability). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-example-of-a-4-genes-network-g1-to-g4-with-a-22h283au.png Figure 5: (A) Example of a 4-genes network (G1 to G4) with a stimulus (S) (see Section 5.1). (B) Illustration of the method described in Section 4.2.2: the interactions being observable only at some particular timepoints, they are progressively inferred, each optimization taking into accounts the interactions that are observed on the previous ones. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-inference-of-a-4-genes-network-g1-to-g4-consisting-3jcip4fo.png Figure 6: Inference of a 4-genes network (G1 to G4) consisting in two independent symmetric toggle-switch networks with parameters described in Table 1. The stimulus (S) has no effect on the network, but is nevertheless represented in order to verify whether the inferred network takes it into account or not. The network used for simulating the datasets in (A) is compared with the network inferred by CARDAMOM in (B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-color-map-of-the-function-kthon-1-k11-276ixxxl.png Figure 14: (A): Color map of the function kθon,1/k1,1 characterized by the toggle-switch described in Table 1, on the gene expression space. (B): Color map of the function kαon,1/k1,1 characterized by the mixture parameters associated to the same network, obtained with the method described in Figure 4, on the gene expression space. (C): Color map of the function |kθon,1 − kαon,1|/k1,1, on the gene expression space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-100-cells-are-plotted-under-the-stationary-2o873h35.png Figure 4: (A): 100 cells are plotted under the stationary distribution. The relaxation trajectories allow to link every cell to its associated attractor. (B): 500 cells are plotted under the stationary distribution. They are then classified depending on their attractor, and this figure sketches the kernel density estimation of proteins within each basin. (C): The ratio of cells that are found within each basin gives an estimation of the stationary distribution on the basins. https://scispace.com/papers/reversal-of-misfortune-when-providing-for-adversity-3hn4veaab8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-determination-of-optimal-provision-for-unemployment-3m0aeync.png Figure 2 Determination of Optimal Provision for Unemployment When Fair Insurance is Available https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3c-optimal-insurance-with-non-actuarially-fair-2p3afa9b.png Figure 3c Optimal Insurance with Non-Actuarially Fair Insurance Rates p[((1-p)/p)r + g]/(1-p) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-insurance-against-partial-loss-or-disability-qk5hi208.png Figure 4 Insurance Against Partial Loss or Disability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-optimal-first-best-lump-sum-income-redistribution-1tt2irc4.png Figure 1 Optimal First Best Lump-Sum Income Redistribution https://scispace.com/papers/reverse-engineering-of-design-patterns-from-java-source-code-15kj53mo3f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cfg-of-getflyweight-from-figure-3-37bsgstc.png Figure 6. CFG of getFlyweight() from Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cfg-of-getthespoon-from-figure-1-jvipn0eg.png Figure 5. CFG of getTheSpoon() from Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-of-a-singleton-class-1x837wqj.png Figure 1. An Example of a Singleton Class https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pattern-recovery-results-on-ajp-ska94kep.png Table 1. Pattern Recovery Results on AJP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pattern-instances-recovered-qiuqzy8y.png Figure 7. Pattern Instances Recovered https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-reclassification-for-reverse-engineering-of-the-2-2297nutr.png Figure 4. A Reclassification for Reverse Engineering of the 2 3 GoF Patterns https://scispace.com/papers/reverse-link-capacity-of-power-controlled-cdma-systems-with-4lcjl6dd9q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-les-array-and-b-les-array-gain-pattern-withm-3-and-1jrqn56r.png Fig. 1. (a) LES array and (b) LES array gain pattern withM = 3 and = 30 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cellular-structure-and-reverse-link-geometry-2qgl11y8.png Fig. 2. Cellular structure and reverse-link geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-angle-notations-in-transmit-beamforming-at-ms-3ngdfakt.png Fig. 3. Angle notations in transmit beamforming at MS . https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-computational-parameters-withm-1-j7btzg15.png TABLE II COMPUTATIONAL PARAMETERS WITHM = 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-user-capacity-a-effect-of-beamforming-and-b-per-triounno.png Fig. 5. User capacity. (a) Effect of beamforming and (b) per receive antenna element. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-system-parameters-2vm1n5rz.png TABLE I SYSTEM PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-user-capacity-impact-of-antenna-element-distribution-jrp64unv.png Fig. 6. User capacity, impact of antenna element distribution between the transmitter and receiver. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-computational-parameters-withm-2-ktc3hiru.png TABLE III COMPUTATIONAL PARAMETERS WITHM = 2 https://scispace.com/papers/reverse-payments-perverse-incentives-1az60tu8af 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-g-time-of-entry-as-a-function-of-patent-strength-y6klcmao.png Figure 3: G’ Time of Entry as a Function of Patent Strength and Legal Regime https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-game-tree-1qbfr1v4.png Figure 1: Game Tree https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gs-incentives-to-invest-as-a-function-of-patent-39v9xiug.png Figure 2: G’s Incentives to Invest as a Function of Patent Strength and Legal Regime https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ps-reward-as-a-function-of-patent-strength-and-1emoaxng.png Figure 4: P’s Reward as a Function of Patent Strength and Legal Regime https://scispace.com/papers/reverse-time-migration-using-phase-crosscorrelation-19xyl45e7k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-amplitude-weighted-pc-rtm-image-condition-ippcdxth-1e60kioy.png Figure 7. Amplitude-weighted PC RTM image (condition IpPCðxÞ in equation 11) with ν ¼ 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-marmousi-velocity-model-a-true-model-rectangles-vl279ajx.png Figure 1. Marmousi velocity model. (a) True model (rectangles indicate magnified areas) and (b) smoothed migration velocity model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-field-data-rtm-images-of-figure-8a-and-8b-in-sarifo9x.png Figure 9. Field data: RTM images of Figure 8a and 8b in amplitude-volume-processing display. (a) CC imaging condition with illumination compensation and (b) amplitudeweighted PC imaging condition. The rectangles indicate the magnified areas. https://scispace.com/papers/reverse-tracing-of-short-term-earthquake-precursors-3kg6qos6aq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-chains-and-strong-earthquakes-on-the-time-distance-m9q46f5o.png Fig. 3. Chains and strong earthquakes on the time–distance plain. Distance is counted along the dashed line shown inFig. 1. Filled and open circles show the chains identified, respectively, as precursory and non-precursory. Other notations are the same as in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-illustration-of-thereverse-tracing-of-c8ohfg2e.png Fig. 4. Schematic illustration of theReverse Tracing of Precursors (RTP). (Top) Map showing precursory chain and the source of the target earthquake (black). (Bottom) Scheme of analysis in time–space projection. Circles show epicenters forming the chain (dark gray) and preceding it (light gray). The “R-vicinity” of the chain is shown in light gray. Star is projection of the epicenter of the target earthquake. The gray rectangle before the chain shows the time–space where rise of activity (patternΣ) is looked for. White area shows the time–space where this pattern was found; its presence indicates a precursory chain. The chain is detected first, although it emerges after the patternΣ. Note how a narrow chain determines a much larger time interval where a patternΣ is looked for. Dark gray area shows the time–space covered by an alarm: within ô months after precursory chain a target earthquake is expected in itsR-vicinity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-for-detecting-the-chains-lo5nlf4d.png Table 1 Parameters for detecting the chains https://scispace.com/papers/reverse-triage-more-than-just-another-method-v8rqbe1j3z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-methodological-quality-of-the-included-experimental-j4q8dtpp.png Table 3 Methodological quality of the included experimental studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-methodological-quality-of-the-included-systematic-ruzyw02r.png Table 4 Methodological quality of the included systematic reviews https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-study-selection-2cj3ddvj.png Fig. 1 Study selection https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-methodological-quality-of-included-observational-1h3hgp52.png Table 1. Methodological quality of included observational studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-methodological-quality-of-the-included-cohort-1birl22i.png Table 2 Methodological quality of the included cohort studies https://scispace.com/papers/reversed-thresholds-in-partial-credit-models-a-reason-for-1vydl05kc3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1b-category-probability-curves-for-item-6-on-the-3vur0mrk.png Figure 1B. Category probability curves for Item 6 on the openness to experience facet openness to actions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1a-category-probability-curves-for-item-1-on-the-1k39yic0.png Figure 1B. Category probability curves for Item 6 on the openness to experience facet openness to actions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-threshold-parameters-for-class-1-32-on-the-facet-cdv58sgu.png Figure 2. (A) Threshold parameters for Class 1 (32%) on the facet openness to actions. (B) Threshold parameters for Class 2 (24%) on the facet openness to actions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-response-category-frequencies-trait-averages-and-1xdunzq6.png Table 1. Response Category Frequencies, Trait Averages, and Differences in Trait Averages Between Categories, Facet Openness to Actions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-differences-in-trait-averages-between-the-13zt8dlb.png Table 2. Mean Differences in Trait Averages Between the Neutral and Disagree Categories and Item Discriminations Across 100 Replications, Data Generated According to the Three Conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/reversibility-of-elementary-cellular-automata-under-fully-5an7379f0d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-list-of-the-78-remaining-rules-conjectured-to-be-the-1xi46qv8.png Table 4: List of the 78 remaining rules: conjectured to be the irreversible ACA that are not strongly irreversible. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-list-of-the-46-rules-that-are-conjectured-to-be-2r0n3gz3.png Table 3: List of the 46 rules that are conjectured to be recurrent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transition-diagram-for-eca-99-with-n-4-k4gc32d2.png Figure 3: Transition diagram for ECA 99 with n = 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-the-132-strongly-irreversible-rules-that-2rw3pboa.png Table 2: List of the 132 strongly irreversible rules that verify Theorem 1. Bold fonts show the minimal representative rules (rules with the smallest code among the group of rules that are obtained by left-right and 0-1 exchange). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-look-up-table-for-rule-87-99-and-110-cyx55ku0.png Table 1: Look-up table for rule 87, 99 and 110 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-partial-state-transition-diagram-of-rule-110-with-n-3i33yruv.png Figure 1: Partial state transition diagram of rule 110 with n = 4. The cells updated during evolution are noted over arrows (convention kept). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-partial-state-transition-diagram-of-eca-87-with-n-4-3k1fxwvl.png Figure 2: Partial state transition diagram of ECA 87 with n = 4. https://scispace.com/papers/reversible-assembly-of-microgels-by-metallo-supramolecular-3ueew5chny 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-characterization-of-terpyridine-modified-24ezmpwg.png Figure 1. Characterization of terpyridine-modified thermoresponsive NiPAM microgels MG-Tpy. a) Hydrodynamic radius as a function of temperature at pH 6 and pH 3. b) Electrophoretic mobility as a function of temperature at pH 6 and pH 3. c) Absorbance of synthesized MGTpy microgels (DMSO). d) SEM image of MG-Tpy microgels (scale bar: 5 mm). e) Temperature dependence of 1H NMR spectra of MG-Tpy in D2O at pH 6. f) Temperature dependence of the fraction of mobile NiPAM and PEGMA-Tpy units, fNiPAM and fEG, as determined at pH 6. The fractions were calculated using the area of the NMR peak assigned to either the isopropyl CH protons of the NiPAM units or the CH2CH2O protons of the PEGMA-Tpy units normalized by the area value measured at T=1 8C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-responsive-disassembly-of-microgels-aggregates-f-0-p0xi96h0.png Figure 3. Responsive disassembly of microgels aggregates (f=0.14 in H2O, 10 @3m NaCl). a) UV/Visible spectra of assembled and disassembled microgel dispersion. b) Intensity size distribution of bare MG-Tpy microgel dispersions, assembled MG-Tpy microgel dispersions with FeII and disassembled MG-Tpy microgel dispersions upon addition of KPS. c) Reversibility of the assembly–disassembly process shown by confocal microscopy of over two cycles. Scale bar: 5 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-assembly-of-mg-tpy-microgels-induced-by-metallo-3cn981r0.png Figure 2. Assembly of MG-Tpy microgels induced by metallo-supramolecular chemistry at 25 8C. a) Formation of macrogel of microgels connected by supramolecular links, [FeIITpy2] 2+ and [CoIITpy2] 2+. No macro-structure was observed in the case of a non-chelated cation (Ca2+). b),c) Evolution of the average hydrodynamic radius, Rh, of the MG-Tpy microgel aggregates as a function of the microgel volume fraction: b) Effect of the nature of the added cations and c) effect of the ionic strength. Labels denote the values of the polydispersity indexes, PDI, determined by cumulant analysis. Green dashed lines correspond to the average hydrodynamic radius of bare MG-Tpy microgels. d) Effect of depletant molecules (Dextran) on microgel assembly at f=0.014 with 3 wt% of dextran in pure water at 25 8C and evolution of the average hydrodynamic radius upon dilution without or with previous addition of iron(II). e) Combined effect of depletant molecules (dextran) and ionic strength on the supramolecular assembly of MG-Tpy microgels (f=0.014) at 25 8C. f) CLSM pictures of bare (MG-TpyR+MG-TpyF microgels) (left) and supramolecularassembled MG-TpyR and MG-TpyF microgels with iron(II) at f=0.14 in H2O, 10 @3m NaCl (up right) and at f=0.014, H2O, 10 @3m NaCl, 1.5 wt% dextran (down right). Scale bar: 10 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-macroscopic-observations-of-the-mg-tpy-microgel-pozkhqsz.png Figure 4. Macroscopic observations of the MG-Tpy microgel aggregation (f=0.5) induced by metallo-supramolecular chemistry at 25 8C with Fe2+. a) Microgel filament obtained by extrusion of a microgel dispersion into a Fe2+ solution (see also the Supporting Information, Movie S1). b) Left: A microgel bubble was deposited onto a thin layer of Fe2+ solution; right: after migration of Fe2+ ions into the microgel membrane, a pipette was used to mechanically stress the membrane (Supporting Information, Movie S3). https://scispace.com/papers/reversible-carbon-dioxide-capture-by-aqueous-and-non-aqueous-15qh9zaadd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-13-c-nmr-spectra-of-the-bumea-solutions-in-water-3m8788du.png Figure 4. 13 C NMR spectra of the BUMEA solutions in water and in DEGMME. The numbers indicate the carbon atom referred to both free and protonated amine fast exchanging in the NMR scale, assigned as reported in the relative amine structure. Asterisks denote the chemical shifts of carbon backbones of amine carbamate. C indicates the carbonyl atoms of amine carbamate, while b/c is referred to the signal of fast exchanging bicarbonate/carbonate ion. S indicates DEGMME signals. The intensity of the signals at 160-164 ppm is not in scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-carbamate-percentage-with-respect-to-overall-amine-391czn7r.png Table 5. Carbamate percentage with respect to overall amine and relative percentage of carbamate, bicarbonate and carbonate in absorbed and desorbed solutions determined by 13 C NMR analysis; the data are referred to the sorbents with an efficiency near 90% (operation conditions reported in Table 4). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-name-acronym-and-chemical-structure-of-the-selected-23g77l8f.png Table 1. Name, acronym and chemical structure of the selected alkanolamine. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-co2-capture-efficiency-of-the-different-amine-243g5so6.png Table 4. CO2 capture efficiency of the different amine solutions at different sorbent flow rate and desorption temperature (Tdes). The temperature of the absorber was maintained at 40°C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-operating-conditions-employed-in-the-continuous-2g9ggvf4.png Table 3. Operating conditions employed in the continuous absorption-desorption experiments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-13-c-nmr-spectra-of-aqueous-dea-by-varying-of-the-2mp932zz.png Figure 6. 13 C NMR spectra of aqueous DEA by varying of the amine/CO2 ratio from 10/1 to 1/2. The numbers indicate the carbon atom referred to both free and protonated amine fast exchanging in the NMR scale. Asterisks denote the chemical shifts of carbon backbones of DEA carbamate. C indicates the carbonyl atoms of carbamate, while b/c is referred to the signal of fast exchanging bicarbonate/carbonate ion. The intensity of the signals at 160-164 ppm is not in scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-physical-properties-of-solutions-and-co2-loading-2ez0ztbh.png Table 2. Physical properties of solutions and CO2 loading measured at 40°C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-apparatus-for-the-co2-y6txsyk2.png Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the apparatus for the CO2 equilibrium solubility measurement. https://scispace.com/papers/reversible-formation-of-gold-nanoparticle-surfactant-2zrf2n1quw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-transmission-electron-microscopy-graph-of-the-3ef3nfxz.png Fig. 5 Transmission electron microscopy graph of the assemblies of EGMUDE and gold nanoparticles, 10 min after ligand addition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-vials-with-different-gold-colloids-a-citrate-covered-b-35xa5aoi.png Fig. 3 Vials with different gold colloids: (a) citrate covered, (b) just after EGMUDE addition, (c) after 10 min and (d) after 1 day. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-transmission-electron-microscopy-graphs-of-gold-15q0a8jt.png Fig. 1 Transmission electron microscopy graphs of gold nanoparticles with a diameter of ca. 17 nm before ligand exchange (a) and after EGMUDE addition at different time intervals: 4 minutes (b), 1 day (c) and 7 days (d). Inset is a magnified part of the corresponding image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-normalized-electric-field-autocorrelation-3cw50vi6.png Fig. 4 The normalized electric field autocorrelation functions of gold colloids before ligand exchange (&), just after EGMUDE addition (J), after 1 day (n), 3 (,) and 6 days (B). https://scispace.com/papers/reversible-control-of-magnetism-in-la0-67sr0-33mno3-through-43m2b69wrn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-major-hysteresis-loops-of-capped-and-uncapped-films-3e82nksk.png FIG. 1. Major hysteresis loops of capped and uncapped films for Gd layer thicknesses of (a) 0.2 nm, (b) 0.8 nm, and (c) 10 nm. (d) TEY XA and (e) XMCD spectra of the samples shown in panel (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-pnr-measurement-and-theoretical-fit-for-the-10-nm-gd-u8a1pfup.png FIG. 3. (a) PNR measurement and theoretical fit for the 10 nm Gd-capped sample shown in Figure 2 after aging in atmospheric O2. PNR was performed at 300 K in an applied field of 17 mT. (Inset) Spin asymmetry and theoretical fits of the sample before and after aging. (b) Nuclear, magnetic, and imaginary SLDs used to generate the fits shown. (c) VSM, (d) FY XA, and XMCD measurements after aging alongside the corresponding uncapped LSMO film. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-top-non-spin-flip-pnr-for-a-bare-lsmo-film-alongside-2ouwxai7.png FIG. 2. (Top) Non-spin-flip PNR for a bare LSMO film alongside one capped by 10 nm of Gd in an applied field of 17 mT. Error bars correspond to 61 standard deviation. (Bottom) Nuclear, magnetic, and imaginary SLD profiles used to generate the fits shown. https://scispace.com/papers/reversible-magnetomechanical-modeling-of-heterogeneous-media-4nqikhic0f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-micro-graphies-of-c38-steel-raw-material-a-quenched-3sfxp80j.png Fig. 4. Micro graphies of C38 steel: raw material (a), quenched material (b). [15] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chemical-composition-of-dp-steel-used-for-the-study-2o877bjj.png Table 2. Chemical composition of DP steel used for the study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pole-figure-associated-with-the-distribution-function-27rql9ni.png Fig. 2. Pole figure associated with the distribution function of orientations 546 discrete grains https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dual-phase-steel-microstructure-distribution-of-15ja1tmt.png Fig. 3. Dual phase steel microstructure: distribution of martensite in white, and ferrite in dark. 1) Behavior and modeling of the single crystal of martensite: A C38 carbon steel has been considered for this step (wt% C=0.38%). It has been submitted to various heat treatment (quenching) in order to transform the initial microstructure (fig. 4a) into a microstructure close to the microstructure of the second phase of the dual phase steel. Hardness measurements are used as indicator of the quality of the new microstructure. Figure 4b shows the microstructure obtained after the heat treatment that has been selected. As expected we have a quite homogeneous microstructure, composed of martensite needles, strained ferrite and bainite. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-initial-domain-structure-of-single-crystal-1fbsrwu8.png Fig. 1. (a) Initial domain structure of single crystal considered for the multidomain modeling; (b) Standard triangle and parameters for magneto-mechanical loading axis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-euler-angles-of-isotropic-polycrystal-of-546-grains-2l5x624e.png TABLE 1 Euler angles of isotropic polycrystal of 546 grains https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-magnetostriction-curve-for-different-volume-fractions-e114hu62.png Fig. 6. Magnetostriction curve for different volume fractions of martensite: (a) numerical results; (b) experimental results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-magnetization-curve-for-different-volume-fractions-of-z8ybp4el.png Fig. 5. Magnetization curve for different volume fractions of martensite: (a) numerical results; (b) experimental results https://scispace.com/papers/reversible-opening-of-the-triangular-structure-of-a-sulfido-3rtmsxixx4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-bond-lengths-a-and-angles-deg-for-3-zr-s-1-9kd7ayh5.png Table 2. Selected Bond Lengths (Å) and Angles (deg) for 3 ___________________________________________________________________________ Zr-S(1) 2.4329(18) Zr-S(2) 2.4245(18) Zr-G(1) a 2.314(3) Zr-G(2) a 2.319(3) Zr-C(Cptt1) b 2.529-2.674(6) Zr-C(Cptt2) b 2.542-2.678(7) Rh(1)-S(1) 2.3099(17) Rh(1)-S(2) 2.4097(18) Rh(1)-C(27) 2.040(7) Rh(1)-C(28) 2.062(7) Rh(1)-P(1) 2.3075(18) Rh(2)-P(2) 2.3532(19) Rh(2)-P(3) 2.3313(18) Rh(2)-P(4) 2.3354(19) Rh(2)-C(27) 1.993(7) Rh(2)-C(28) 1.989(7) C(27)-O(2) 1.154(8) C(28)-O(1) 1.157(8) P(1)-C(29) 1.850(6) P(2)-C(29) 1.823(6) P(3)-C(54) 1.834(7) P(4)-C(54) 1.829(7) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-molecular-diagrams-showing-the-molecular-structure-66wpvm8y.png Figure 1. Molecular diagrams showing the molecular structure of complex [Cptt2Zr(µS)2Rh(µ-CO)2(µ-dppm)Rh(!2-dppm)] (3); (a) ellipsoid representation together with labelling https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-crystal-data-data-collection-and-refinement-3minmt3d.png Table 3. Crystal Data, Data Collection and Refinement Parameters for the X-Ray Analysis of Complex 3 https://scispace.com/papers/reversible-strong-coupling-in-silver-nanoparticle-arrays-3asiyiutx0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-to-c-normalized-extinction-spectra-of-silver-p558dnsh.png Figure 2: (a) to (c) Normalized extinction spectra of silver nanoparticle arrays embedded in a PMMA-doped SPy layer, before (black solid curve) an after (red dashed curve) UV irradiation. The diameter of the nanoparticles are respectively 70 nm, 90 nm and 110 nm. The vertical dashed black lines correspond to the maximum absorbance of the MC layer. The insets represent the fitted decomposition of the red dashed curves by two separated Lorentzian peaks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-evolution-of-the-peak-wavelengths-as-a-function-2vj61ble.png Figure 3: (a) Evolution of the peak wavelengths as a function of nanoparticle diameter. The dashed black lines represent the position of the MC absorption band (horizontal line) and the surface plasmon resonance of the arrays before irradiation. The red curve shows the evolution of the peaks after irradiation illustrating a anti-crossing of the dispersion curves. (b) Calculated map of the dispersion curves representing the extinction cross-section as a function of wavelength and nanoparticle diameter. The inset corresponds to a vertical cross-cut of the map where the splitting is maximum. The position of the plasmon resonance in the Spy-doped PMMA layer before the photochromic transition corresponds to the white dashed curve. The horizontal white dashed line corresponds to the maximum of the MC absorbance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-extinction-spectra-of-the-90-nm-diameter-particle-rouymof7.png Figure 4: Extinction spectra of the 90 nm-diameter particle array embedded in the photochromic layer for a complete isomeric cycle. (a) The spiropyran is in the Spy form. (b) The spiropyran is in the MC form after the UV illumination. (c) After a thermal treatment, the spiropyran is back in its Spy form. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-absorption-spectra-of-the-spy-doped-pmma-thin-5nw5gtyi.png Figure 1: (a) Absorption spectra of the SPy doped PMMA thin layer before and after UV irradiation illustrating the conformational change of the spiropyran. (b) Ellipsometric measurements of the change of refractive index ∆n(solid black curve) and extinction coefficient ∆k (dashed red curve) between the two photochromic states. https://scispace.com/papers/reversible-tuning-of-the-plasmoelectric-effect-in-noble-khhlchurj3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ligand-controlled-reversible-modulation-of-lspr-21ryekke.png Figure 4. Ligand-controlled reversible modulation of LSPR properties of Au TNPs. (A) https://scispace.com/papers/reversible-temperature-controlled-gelation-in-mixtures-of-17uxbv4fab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-table-summarising-characteristic-properties-of-the-2gwrmc2e.png Table 1 Table summarising characteristic properties of the triblockcopolymer micelles of Synperonic PE/105. Poly-ethyleneoxide (PEO), poly-propyleneoxide (PPO), critical micelle concentration (CMC) 48,49 , critical micelisation temperature (CMT) 48,49 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-mechanism-for-the-gelation-of-triblock-copolymer-16hissgj.png Fig. 8 Mechanism for the gelation of triblock-copolymer surfactant and pNIPAM at elevated temperature. In this scheme the triblock-copolymer surfactants are assumed to bridge the particles while in the form of micelles. Scheme is not to scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-phase-diagram-for-mixtures-of-pnipam-and-triblock-uq9w2stq.png Fig. 3 Phase diagram for mixtures of pNIPAM and triblock-copolymer surfactant. All of the data was collected after samples were held above the TVPT for several minutes to allow syneresis to occur, by submerging the sample into freshly boiled water (section 2,7). Grey circles indicate where no obvious aggregation could be observed, red circles represent liquid samples with macroscopic aggregates, green circles represent gels without all of the pNIPAM incorporated in the network, blue circles represent gels with all the pNIPAM incorporated into the network. Coloured regions of the phase diagram are to guide the eye. Photographs highlighted by a square illustrate the four types of behaviour of the sample. All concentrations are expressed as weight fractions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dls-data-showing-the-behaviour-of-uniformly-cross-1qtelg2e.png Fig. 6 DLS data showing the behaviour of uniformly cross linked particles in the presence of triblock-copolymer. Pure pNIPAM (black triangles), 0.3 wt% triblock-copolymer, 0.75 wt%. pNIPAM (purple triangles). The dashed line indicates the temperature where an increase in hydrodynamic diamter is observed for conventionally synthesised pNIPAM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-dic-images-comparing-linear-pnipam-left-column-and-38zhyiq5.png Fig. 7 DIC images comparing linear pNIPAM (left column) and pNIPAM microgels (right column). Concentrations used for the images are 1 wt%, at 25◦C (top), at 35◦C (center), at 35◦C (bottom) with 6 wt% triblockcopolymer. Scale bar 80 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-calculated-slds-used-for-sans-fitting-1i079rqn.png Table 2 Calculated SLDs used for SANS fitting https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dynamic-light-scattering-results-for-mixtures-of-pl18g97n.png Fig. 4 Dynamic light scattering results for mixtures of pNIPAM and triblock-copolymer. The concentration of pNIPAM is 0.3 wt% in all samples. a) Effect the triblock-copolymer concentration has on the hydrodynamic diameter of pNIPAM, as a function of concentration and temperature. b) Effect of triblock-copolymer concentration on the hydrodynamic diameter at 35◦C. At concentrations higher than 0.75 wt% triblock-copolymer the samples start to aggregate, evidenced by a large increase in the observed hydrodynamic diameter. c) Effect of heating and cooling the mixtures, 0.65 wt% triblockcopolymer is used. d) Temperature dependent diameter of triblock-copolymer, concentration 2.5 wt%. The dashed black line indicates the temperature at which an increase in hydrodynamic diameter is observed for pNIPAM in the presence of triblock-copolymer. Data for 0.65 wt% triblock-copolymer and pure pNIPAM are included for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-confocal-microscopy-images-of-3-wt-pnipam-and-3-wt-fdtfo95h.png Fig. 1 Confocal microscopy images of 3 wt% pNIPAM and 3 wt% triblockcopolymer, fluorescence from fluorescein labelled microgels (left), fluorescence from Nile red labelled triblock-copolymer (centre) and fluorescence from both components (right). All images are taken at 50◦C, scale bar 10 µm. https://scispace.com/papers/review-and-classification-of-reliability-indicators-for-2sw1nmjovl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-scope-of-security-indicators-proposed-by-v13oll1a.png Table 8: Scope of security indicators proposed by coordinating organizations (NERC/ENTSOE) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-terminology-e9q77n1b.png Table 1: Summary of the terminology. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-scope-of-adequacy-indicators-proposed-by-2w5z8sb2.png Table 9: Scope of adequacy indicators proposed by coordinating organizations (NERC/ENTSO-E) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-cost-and-benefits-of-and-socio-economic-34vrfkir.png Table 2: Overview of cost and benefits of, and socio-economic interactions between, power system stakeholders resulting in an overall system balance [39] https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-characterization-of-security-indicators-2ahap2uc.png Table 5: Characterization of security indicators https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-characterization-of-adequacy-indicators-2v1w9fad.png Table 4: Characterization of adequacy indicators https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-characterization-of-reliability-indices-18svuftd.png Table 7: Characterization of reliability indices https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristics-of-different-classes-of-indicators-3bm15kbi.png Table 3: Characteristics of different classes of indicators https://scispace.com/papers/review-and-assessment-of-commercial-vendors-options-for-4eoipmaw4d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-poppet-cone-valves-information-from-wier-minerals-1u30qzbd.png Figure 4.1. Poppet Cone Valves (information from Wier Minerals literature) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-6-solids-piston-pump-dual-cylinder-information-from-3ibs5f3l.png Figure 3.6. Solids Piston Pump – Dual Cylinder (information from Schwing Bioset literature) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-push-floor-information-from-schwing-bioset-1u9lb64m.png Figure 4.4. Push Floor (information from Schwing Bioset literature) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-multisafe-double-hose-membrane-pump-schematic-36bu4xsa.png Figure 3.3. MULTISAFE Double Hose-Membrane Pump – Schematic (information from FELUWA literature) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-solids-piston-pump-dual-cylinder-information-from-3sjk52y4.png Figure 3.5. Solids Piston Pump – Dual Cylinder (information from Weir Minerals literature) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-sliding-frame-information-from-schwing-bioset-927uy1s0.png Figure 4.5. Sliding Frame (information from Schwing Bioset literature) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-6-pipeline-injection-system-information-from-2mgp80pw.png Figure 4.6. Pipeline Injection System (information from Putzmeister literature) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-comparison-of-pump-types-1fa1c8r0.png Table 2.1. Comparison of Pump Types https://scispace.com/papers/revertant-fibres-and-dystrophin-traces-in-duchenne-muscular-1hnbag1fxf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-intensity-measurements-of-images-captured-from-1j0a3j9p.png Figure 2 Intensity measurements of images captured from sections of 17 biopsies taken from different patients, after immunostaining with Dys2 were analysed using a semi-quantitative method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cryosections-from-quadriceps-muscle-biopsies-from-2tbp8x0m.png Figure 3 Cryosections from quadriceps muscle biopsies from: muscle from a patient with a deletion in dystrophin exons 46-51 taken at diagnosis (panels A-F) and six years later (panels G-L) stained with antibodies to dystrophin: Dys1 (A and G), Dys2 (B and H), Dys3 (C and I) and P7 (D), alpha-sarcoglycan (E and J), beta-dystroglycan (F and K) and utrophin (L). A cluster of revertant, dystrophin-positive fibres is seen in each series of sections. Revertant fibres also contain alpha-sarcoglycan (E and J) and beta-dystroglycan (F and K). Utrophin is expressed in the dystrophin-negative muscle fibres, but is down-regulated in the revertant fibres (L). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cryosections-from-biceps-muscle-from-a-dmd-patient-2yd2hkl9.png Figure 4 Cryosections from biceps muscle from a DMD patient (patient 65, supplementary table 1,del 45-50) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-transcript-of-the-reports-of-the-subset-of-nine-23h9rx2y.png Table 1 Transcript of the reports of the subset of nine patients who were biopsied at two different times: original (quadriceps) diagnostic biopsy and EDB biopsy. *Patient E’s single revertant fibre in the second biopsy represents a negligible increase. Patient I showed traces in the original biopsy and revertants and traces in the second one. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-best-motor-ability-score-of-dmd-patients-whilst-1btwfc5j.png Figure 1 A) Best Motor Ability Score of DMD patients whilst steroid naïve versus natural history data. B) Motor Ability Score of DMD patients with and without dystrophin residual expression revertants at baseline and within 3-6 months of steroid treatment. https://scispace.com/papers/review-article-factors-leading-to-the-occurrence-of-flood-c9udjzj5pd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-articles-quoted-in-the-text-as-supportive-material-3m4tefok.png Table 2. Articles quoted in the text as supportive material (in chronological order of publication). 92 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-articles-selected-for-quantitative-analysis-in-1qiyskc3.png Table 1. Articles selected for quantitative analysis (in chronological order of publication). Papers labeled with (*) focus on vehiclerelated accidents; DB stands for database. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prisma-preferred-reporting-items-for-systematic-97t4qql8.png Figure 1. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) flow chart (Moher et al., 2009) for article selection. 1Records excluded concerning: a) flood mortality of either vegetal or animal species or b) the long-term effects of floods on people. 2Articles excluded because they were not relevant to the research (see the text 84 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-papers-selected-as-the-primary-focus-of-this-review-2u5hwi6e.png Table 3. Papers selected as the primary focus of this review by publication year and study area location https://scispace.com/papers/review-article-human-scalp-eeg-processing-various-soft-4nc4xjo9d7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-performance-of-lr-vis-a-vis-fd-on-the-eeg-of-3s0dd4ah.png Table 1 Average performance of LR vis-à-vis FD on the EEG of three subjects during RSVP (3 images per second) of three different targets vs. non-target. ROC area means the area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-simple-adaptive-neuro-fuzzy-inference-system-anfis-1f84c5y8.png Fig. 3. A simple adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for infant sleep–wake stage classification. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-bci-system-comprising-hmml-for-left-movement-feature-3navtrh0.png Fig. 6. BCI system comprising HMML for left movement feature selection and HMMR that for the right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-various-hmm-architectures-the-empty-circles-are-the-2huwvp3e.png Fig. 7. Various HMM architectures. The empty circles are the hidden states and the shaded ones are observation nodes, the lightly shaded ones (in d) are input nodes. (a) Standard coupled HMMs; (b) event coupled HMMs; (c) factorial HMMs; (d) input–output HMM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-performance-of-lr-vis-a-vis-fd-on-the-eeg-of-364tez30.png Table 2 Average performance of LR vis-à-vis FD on the EEG of three subjects during RSVP (3 images per second) of target tank and target truck in different sessions (each consisting of about 300 trials) in each of which only one type of target images are mixed with non-target images roughly at 1:4 ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-epsps-are-generated-at-the-apical-dendritic-tree-xsr7ife9.png Fig. 1. Left: EPSPs are generated at the apical dendritic tree of a cortical pyramidal cell. Center: Large cortical pyramidal nerve cells are organized in macro-assemblies with their dendrites normally oriented to the local cortical surface. Right: Functional networks made of these cortical cell assemblies and distributed at possibly multiple brain locations are the main generators of EEG signals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-six-infants-shown-in-abscissa-performance-measure-is-xqrfsgeg.png Fig. 4. Six infants shown in abscissa. Performance measure is given by area under curve (AUC) of the ROC curve. FLD stands for Fisher’s linear discriminant. Adopted from [245]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-of-a-source-used-in-the-simulations-top-left-2s27c9rv.png Fig. 5. Example of a source used in the simulations (top left) with the corresponding accurate location priors (top right), as well as inaccurate location priors (close, bottom left, and distant, bottom right). https://scispace.com/papers/review-fight-sample-degeneracy-and-impoverishment-in-a1tyxe5tvt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primary-notations-1cu70agr.png Table 1 Primary notations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sample-degeneracy-and-impoverishment-illustrated-in-1-p1hivzhr.png Fig. 1. Sample degeneracy and impoverishment illustrated in 1-dimensional state space. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-particle-merging-and-splitting-illustrated-in-2-1kyq6z7n.png Fig. 2. Particle merging and splitting illustrated in 2-dimensional state space. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-categories-of-primary-pdo-approaches-to-review-2bsmvxla.png Table 2 Categories of primary PDO approaches to review. https://scispace.com/papers/review-of-active-vibration-isolation-strategies-28i37ylne7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-active-vibration-isolation-strategies-3cdl49oo.png Table 1. Comparison of Active Vibration Isolation Strategies https://scispace.com/papers/review-of-current-evidence-of-hydroxychloroquine-in-1i3gbse0n7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-assessment-of-quality-and-strength-of-3kjgl83x.png Table 4: Summary of assessment of quality and strength of evidence of clinical studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-in-vitro-studies-showing-efficacy-of-22fkkpfs.png Table 1: Summary of in-vitro studies showing efficacy of hydroxychloroquine against SARSCoV-2 infected Cell lines https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-clinical-studies-with-hydroxychloroquine-2i0r6itm.png Table 2: Summary of clinical studies with hydroxychloroquine treatment in COVID-19 patients https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-approach-to-rating-of-quality-of-evidence-using-phibtybl.png Figure 2: Approach to rating of quality of evidence using GRADE methodology https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-unpublished-studies-reporting-the-use-of-9mayacgt.png Table 3: Summary of unpublished studies reporting the use of hydroxychloroquine in treatment of COVID-19 patients https://scispace.com/papers/review-of-diesel-exhaust-aftertreatment-programs-6ijjuukult 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-effect-of-csf-loading-on-pm-size-distribution-1zot1va6.png Figure 8. Effect of CSF loading on pm size distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sample-filter-from-before-the-csf-and-after-sample-39klp0v0.png Figure 6. Sample filter from before the CSF and after. Sample time 10 minutes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-engine-out-vs-csf-out-particle-size-distribution-22zdtqpj.png Figure 7. Engine-out vs. CSF-out particle size distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-heating-rate-with-microwave-energy-vs-resistance-26eizokt.png Figure 4. Heating rate with microwave energy vs. resistance energy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-filter-media-for-microwave-regeneration-3cxxv69q.png Figure 3. Filter media for microwave regeneration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bench-test-results-from-high-temperature-catalyst-3a6qbih7.png Figure 2. Bench test results from high-temperature catalyst (Allied-Signal data). https://scispace.com/papers/review-of-genetic-diversification-of-bats-in-the-caribbean-ndauueirb4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-1zl6ivhh.png Table 2. Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-species-of-bats-from-jamaica-dominican-republic-and-1erjwm0x.png Table 1. Species of bats from Jamaica, Dominican Republic, and Martinique with sample sizes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-maximum-likelihood-trees-showing-dna-barcode-variation-krvs0vsp.png Fig. 3. Maximum likelihood trees showing DNA barcode variation for 3 bat genera endemic to https://scispace.com/papers/review-of-forecasting-models-for-coronavirus-covid-19-5celj015vn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-confirmed-covid-19-cases-comparison-derived-from-19s1xh15.png Fig. 5: Confirmed COVID-19 cases comparison derived from research [10] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-confirmed-covid-19-cases-comparison-derived-from-2nhelws2.png Fig. 9: Confirmed COVID-19 cases comparison derived from research [14] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-confirmed-covid-19-cases-comparison-derived-from-1a2g98ha.png Fig. 15: Confirmed COVID-19 cases comparison derived from research [17] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-block-of-lstm-network-at-some-point-of-time-t-2yo4wzcw.png Fig. 3: Block of LSTM network at some point of time ‘t’ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-confirmed-covid-19-cases-comparison-derived-from-12qeupti.png Fig. 16: Confirmed COVID-19 cases comparison derived from research (SIR model) [15] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-confirmed-covid-19-cases-comparison-derived-from-2rr3rj52.png Fig. 4: Confirmed COVID-19 cases comparison derived from research [11] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-confirmed-covid-19-cases-comparison-derived-from-2yigsj9m.png Fig. 8: Confirmed COVID-19 cases comparison derived from research [13] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-confirmed-covid-19-cases-comparison-derived-from-17vdfn11.png Fig. 12: Confirmed COVID-19 cases comparison derived from research (exponential model) [20] https://scispace.com/papers/review-of-external-convective-heat-transfer-coefficient-3nc1py24b4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-roughness-coefficients-used-in-nbs-polynomial-model-2yzan02p.png Table 6. Roughness coefficients used in NBS polynomial model [57] https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-wind-speed-profile-coefficients-for-different-2ndva1x1.png Table 4. Wind speed profile coefficients for different terrain types [55] https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-expressions-used-in-the-model-by-loveday-taki-for-hc-3cdmgo6f.png Table 7. Expressions used in the model by Loveday & Taki for hc,ext [64] https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-roughness-multiplier-for-different-surface-textures-1bi0h1c3.png Table 3. Roughness multiplier for different surface textures [49] https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-terrain-roughness-coefficients-49-20909mxu.png Table 5. Terrain roughness coefficients [49] https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-expressions-used-in-the-model-by-liu-harris-for-hc-7u66woo5.png Table 10. Expressions used in the model by Liu & Harris for hc,ext based on different wind speed [68] https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-expressions-used-in-the-model-by-liu-harris-for-215wg0iv.png Table 11. Expressions used in the model by Liu & Harris for V1loc and VR as function of V10 [68] https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-parameters-for-mowitt-model-66-1fycbod1.png Table 9. Parameters for MoWiTT model [66] https://scispace.com/papers/review-of-diffraction-at-hera-and-tevatron-1wyyyhppus 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-diffractive-cross-section-b-dsg-p-xp-diff-db-from-3gcf5p10.png FIG. 4: The diffractive cross section β dσγ ∗p→Xp diff /dβ from H1 and ZEUS measurements, as a function of τd in bins of β for Q2 values in the range [5; 90] GeV2 and for xIP <0.01 (see text) [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-singlet-and-gluon-distributions-of-the-pomeron-as-a-30b8ym7c.png FIG. 3: Singlet and gluon distributions of the Pomeron as a function of z ≡ β, the fractional momentum of the Pomeron carried by the struck parton (see text) [3]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-process-ep-exy-the-hadronic-final-zpe91wjy.png FIG. 1: Illustration of the process ep → eXY . The hadronic final state is composed of two distinct systems X and Y , which are separated by the largest interval in rapidity between final state hadrons. https://scispace.com/papers/review-of-ict-based-services-for-identified-unmet-needs-in-2lro0m41mo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-studied-need-areas-and-themes-74nv742k.png Table 4.1 Studied need areas and themes https://scispace.com/papers/review-of-health-related-quality-of-life-assessments-for-507py7vtir 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-hrqol-assessments-analyzed-7fb6rcjt.png Table 1. Overview of HRQOL Assessments Analyzed https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-search-strategy-of-databases-xh93bxc0.png Table 1. Overview of HRQOL Assessments Analyzed https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-articles-from-citation-tracking-2v5499h1.png Table 2. Articles from citation tracking. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-articles-from-reference-tracking-3arzmkhs.png Table 3. Articles from reference tracking. https://scispace.com/papers/review-of-high-contrast-imaging-systems-for-current-and-2589j4vxhj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-quadrant-analysis-of-the-coronagraphic-image-in-the-21ut54rq.png Figure 4. Quadrant analysis of the coronagraphic image in the case of a non obstructed pupil (left) for the four quadrant phase phase mask and (right) for the vortex phase mask. The tip-tilt amplitude is 0.2 /D and the image width is 4 /D. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-depiction-of-the-scheme-of-the-phase-3g8bju45.png Figure 9. A depiction of the scheme of the phase reconstruction process with an Asymmetric Pupil Fourier Wavefront sensor: (Top Left) phase map ' within the asymmetric pupil mask, (Bottom Left) source image on the camera, (Bottom Right) phase of the Fourier-plane signature in the (u,v) plane overlapped with half of the subaperture discretization, and (Top Right) the reconstructed pupil phase map '̂ from the pseudo-inverse matrix A+. The matrix A links the phase in the Fourier plane and in the pupil plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-principle-of-the-scc-the-stellar-light-red-beam-3krno4af.png Figure 5. The principle of the SCC. The stellar light (red beam) hits a DM and is focused on a coronagraphic focal plane mask. Most of the light is di↵racted outside the geometrical pupil downstream and is blocked by a Lyot stop. The coronagraphic leak is transmitted at the Lyot stop and creates a speckle image on the detector. The small hole carefully positioned in the Lyot stop selects the reference beam which is interfered with the light leaked by the coronagraph which spatially encodes speckles (top right panel). It is then possible to retrieve the speckle electric field using a Fourier transform (bottom right panel). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-list-of-the-various-common-path-wfsing-techniques-3ldx1joy.png Table 1. A list of the various common-path WFSing techniques. LDFC - Linear dark field control, MEDUSAE - Multispectral Exoplanet Detection Using Simultaneous Aberration Estimation, QACITS - Quadrant Analysis of Coronagraphic Images for Tip-tilt Sensing, SCC - Self coherent camera, COFFEE - COronagraphic Focal-plane wave-Front Estimation for Exoplanet detection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-scc-laboratory-results-left-half-dark-hole-13x27-d-1rz3fjc2.png Figure 6. SCC Laboratory results. (Left) Half dark hole (13x27 /D) obtained in monochromatic (650nm) and (Right) broadband (12,5% bandwidth in visible) light using the SCC as a focal plane wavefront sensor. The bottom of the dark hole (blue and purple colors) is 10 8 contrast 47. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-scc-laboratory-results-left-full-dark-hole-17x17-d-xmkt9hxl.png Figure 7. SCC Laboratory results. (Left) Full dark hole (17x17 /D) obtained in monochromatic light (785nm) using the SCC as a focal plane wavefront sensor and two deformable mirrors. No CDI is applied. (Right) Normalized azimuthal standard deviation associated to the image 50. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-laboratory-image-of-a-6-mode-zernike-cmws-with-3iok1eub.png Figure 1. (Left) Laboratory image of a 6-mode Zernike cMWS with 1.5 radians RMS of focus error, showing asymmetrical response of the corresponding focus PSF copies. (Middle) On-sky demonstration of a cMWS at the William Herschel telescope using the same sensing modes, for 20% bandwidth. (Right) Numerical simulation of a PSF for holographic electric field conjugation, with four copies each containing a di↵erent electric field probe in the APP dark hole (Figures adapted from 3,22). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-an-overview-of-the-measurement-process-of-phase-13qslis4.png Figure 10. An overview of the measurement process of phase sorting interferometry. https://scispace.com/papers/review-of-meta-analyses-on-the-association-between-child-jd2e2uvza3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-meta-analyses-of-25-symptoms-or-disorders-associated-112augwa.png Table 3: Meta-analyses of 25 symptoms or disorders associated with child sexual abuse https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-methodological-quality-factors-identified-1cjyqewo.png Table 1: Key methodological quality factors identified https://scispace.com/papers/review-of-radioactive-waste-immobilization-in-concrete-3dxqwyp36y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-27-requirements-f-o-r-t-h-e-conceptual-process-f-o-r-318nt18t.png TABLE 27. Requirements f o r t h e Conceptual Process f o r HLW I m m o b i l i z a t i o n i n Concrete https://scispace.com/figures/table-21-number-of-can-i-s-t-e-r-s-required-t-o-encaps-u-l-a-2wnht7ev.png TABLE 21. Number of Can i s t e r s Required t o Encaps u l a t e 1500 MTU Waste a s a Function of Diameter and Thermal Conduct ivi ty https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-c-o-n-t-dx09u4t0.png TABLE 11. ( c o n t . ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-19-maximum-diameter-f-o-r-various-temperatures-as-a-ohltuyo6.png TABLE 19. Maximum Diameter f o r Various Temperatures as a Funct ion o f Thermal Conduc t i v i t y https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-number-o-f-can-is-te-rs-required-p-e-r-year-as-a-l03zslc4.png FIGURE 15. Number o f Can is te rs Required p e r Year as a Funct ion o f Diameter and Thermal C o n d u c t i v i t y https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-canister-center-l-i-ne-temperatures-as-a-funct-ion-h8iwlih1.png TABLE 17. Canister Center l i ne Temperatures as a Funct ion o f Diameter and Thermal https://scispace.com/figures/table-20-maximum-al-lowable-volumetr-ic-heat-generation-as-a-28az5ii7.png TABLE 20. Maximum Al lowable Volumetr ic Heat Generation as a Funct ion o f Diameter and Thermal Conduc t i v i t y https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-compressive-s-t-reng-th-o-f-concrete-waste-forms-3-3-2pq7hyl8.png TABLE 7. Compressive S t reng th o f Concrete Waste Forms ( 3 3 https://scispace.com/papers/review-of-procedures-involving-separation-and-fv58mt70fh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cadmium-preconcentration-by-electrochemical-3vcowofh.png Table 1 Cadmium preconcentration by electrochemical deposition https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cadmium-preconcentration-by-using-knotted-reactor-11a1maoa.png Table 3 Cadmium preconcentration by using knotted reactor https://scispace.com/papers/review-of-reactive-power-planning-objectives-constraints-and-2wghw41iwf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pv-curve-for-base-case-and-contingency-3rslqeis.png Fig. 3. PV curve for base case and contingency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-voltage-stability-curve-1h7lqw6b.png Fig. 2. Voltage stability curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-locus-of-poc-with-reactive-compensation-3rkmlfcy.png Fig. 4. Locus of PoC with reactive compensation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-matrix-of-objectives-models-and-solution-algorithms-3w3qodp5.png TABLE I MATRIX OF OBJECTIVES, MODELS AND SOLUTION ALGORITHMS FOR REACTIVE POWER PLANNING https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relationship-of-different-rpp-models-15jcs1i8.png Fig. 1. Relationship of different RPP models. https://scispace.com/papers/review-of-the-methodologies-used-to-derive-groundwater-27ws7jw3gf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-assessment-of-the-four-temporal-aggregation-methods-3gpkss8q.png Table 3. Assessment of the four temporal aggregation methods used to characterize the 689 temporal groundwater level (++ stands for "complies with criterion" and – for "does 690 not comply at all") 691 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hydrological-characterizations-used-in-the-a976ubbo.png Table 1. Hydrological characterizations used in The Netherlands to define the water table 677 depth over time. 678 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-combinations-of-temporal-and-spatial-interpolation-1yqvgd4m.png Figure 1 Combinations of temporal and spatial interpolation and aggregation methods that can 702 be used to derive groundwater characteristics for a specific area based on in-situ 703 measurements. 704 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-assessment-of-the-four-spatial-interpolation-and-sb2qj0w3.png Table 4. Assessment of the four spatial interpolation and aggregation methods used to 696 characterize the spatial groundwater level (++ stands for "complies with criterion" 697 and - for "does not comply at all") 698 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-assessment-of-the-four-methods-used-to-measure-the-bppwes6o.png Table 2. Assessment of the four methods used to measure the water table depth (++ stands for 681 "complies with criterion" and – for "does not comply at all") 682 https://scispace.com/papers/review-of-the-whirligig-beetle-genus-gyrinus-of-venezuela-1t8ii2oqvc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figs-33-38-dorsal-habitus-of-oreogyrinus-species-scale-bar-1-1ssb6ysi.png Figs 33–38. Dorsal habitus of Oreogyrinus species, scale bar = 1 mm. 33 – Gyrinus venezolensis Ochs, 1953, female. 34 – G. venezolensis, male. 35 – G. vinolentus sp. nov. female. 36 – G. vinolentus, male. 37 – G. iridinus sp. nov., female paratype. 38 – G. iridinus, male holotype. https://scispace.com/figures/figs-18-21-sem-images-of-elytral-interval-reticulation-and-1r9a0s5d.png Figs 18–21. SEM images of elytral interval reticulation and strial punctures. 18–19 – Gyrinus gibbus Aubé, 1838. 18 – intervals II and III, striae I–III. 19 – intervals IX and X, striae VIII–X. 20–21 – G. ovatus Aubé, 1838. 20 – intervals II and III, striae I–III. 21 – intervals IX and X, striae VIII–X. https://scispace.com/figures/figs-43-46-sem-images-of-elytral-interval-reticulation-and-34hqltmh.png Figs 43–46. SEM images of elytral interval reticulation and strial punctures. 43–44 – Gyrinus venezolensis Ochs, 1953. 43 – intervals II and III, striae I–III. 44 – intervals IX and X, striae VIII–X. 45–46 – G. vinolentus sp. nov. 45 – intervals II and III, striae I–III. 46 – intervals IX and X, striae VIII–X. https://scispace.com/figures/figs-1-6-dorsal-habitus-of-neogyrinus-species-scale-bar-1-mm-13cn0lji.png Figs 1–6. Dorsal habitus of Neogyrinus species, scale bar = 1 mm. 1 – Gyrinus sabanensis sp. nov. 2 – G. gibbus Aubé, 1838 from Amazonian Venezuela. 3 – G. ovatus Aubé, 1838. 4 – G. guianus Ochs, 1935. 5 – G. gibbus ‘var. apicalis’ Sharp, 1877 from Caracas valley, Venezuela. 6 – G. rozei Ochs, 1953. https://scispace.com/figures/figs-41-42-sem-images-of-the-elytron-of-oreogyrinus-species-24fvifcd.png Figs 41–42. SEM images of the elytron of Oreogyrinus species, scale bars = 1mm, arrows indicate the pre-apical swelling interrupt ing the elytral lateral margin. 41 – Gyrinus venezolensis Ochs, 1953. 42 – G. vinolentus sp. nov. https://scispace.com/figures/figs-39-40-sem-images-of-the-pronotum-showing-sculpturing-of-3drbdimz.png Figs 39–40. SEM images of the pronotum showing sculpturing of wrinkles and riffl es of the lateral margins, arrows indicate pronotal transverse crease. 39 – Gyrinus venezolensis Ochs, 1953. 40 – G. vinolentus sp. nov. https://scispace.com/figures/figs-76-81-type-specimens-and-associated-labels-76-gyrinus-1qugsu7n.png Figs 76–81. Type specimens and associated labels. 76 – Gyrinus amazonicus Ochs, 1958, paratype male (BMNH). 77 – G. guianus Ochs, 1935, holotype female (BMNH). 78 – G. racenisi Ochs, 1953, paratype female (SMF). 79 – G. rozei Ochs, 1953, paratype male (SMF). 80 – G. venezolensis Ochs, 1953, paratypes, male and female (SMF). 81 – G. opalinus Régimbart, 1883, syntype male and labels (MNHN). https://scispace.com/figures/figs-22-24-22-23-sem-images-of-g-guianus-ochs-1935-elytral-kuvn7f8e.png Figs 22–24. 22–23 – SEM images of G. guianus Ochs, 1935 elytral morphology. 22 – elytron, box indicates region shown in Fig. 23, scale bar = 1 mm. 23 – elytral apex, arrow indicates medial pre-apical plica. 24 – elytron of G. rozei Ochs, 1953, scale bar = 1 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/review-of-the-accuracy-of-single-core-equivalent-thermal-3j39silmky 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-derivation-of-g-curves-against-material-of-metallic-21j9rlsp.png Fig. 9: Derivation of G curves against material of metallic foil. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-derivation-of-g-curves-against-thickness-of-sheath-396tnjbw.png Fig. 6: Derivation of G curves against thickness of sheath. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-typical-three-core-structure-where-dj-tj-ar-and-dsh-1k73k4cw.png Fig. 1: A typical three-core structure where Dj, tj_ar and Dsh, tj are depicted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relation-between-xtouch-and-xnon-touch-values-jo4gyak2.png Fig. 2: Relation between Xtouch and Xnon_touch values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-results-obtained-by-fea-modified-257t3bsm.png TABLE II COMPARISON OF RESULTS OBTAINED BY FEA & MODIFIED SCETM – METALLIC FOIL SCREENED CABLES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-actual-and-simplified-filler-geometries-g6jh9rev.png Fig. 11: Actual and simplified filler geometries. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-results-obtained-by-fea-modified-scetm-1qr2f96r.png TABLE I COMPARISON OF RESULTS OBTAINED BY FEA & MODIFIED SCETM – SLTYPE CABLES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-indicative-extruded-profile-filler-geometry-2pfogn45.png Fig. 10: Indicative extruded (profile) filler geometry. https://scispace.com/papers/review-on-recent-advances-in-information-mining-from-big-4mee2pe541 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-framework-of-classical-procedure-regarding-8xb2e07x.png Figure 1. A framework of classical procedure regarding information mining from big consumer opinion data for product design https://scispace.com/papers/review-of-the-methods-and-findings-in-the-dunn-and-dunn-3j0axfp4s1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-different-aspects-of-quality-regarding-experimental-2zl6q1ow.png Table 3 Different Aspects of Quality Regarding Experimental Studies on Perceptual Preferences in the Dunn & Dunn Learning Style Model https://scispace.com/papers/revising-the-hibernation-narrative-technocratic-legal-358dez9x1j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-diffusion-of-national-atrocity-laws-v844ub34.png Figure 1. The Diffusion of National Atrocity Laws https://scispace.com/papers/revised-receiver-efficiency-of-molten-salt-power-towers-17ceunvv0e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sequence-of-heliostat-tracking-the-receiver-15-8sc2pmre.png Table 1: Sequence of heliostat tracking the receiver [15]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tube-wall-temperature-distribution-using-y-0-638-edk7xd35.png Figure 4: Tube wall temperature distribution using y =0.638 for September 29th 1997. (a) Case A. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-key-measurements-during-receiver-mjg6f572.png Table 2: Summary of key measurements during receiver efficiency tests [15]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-variation-of-the-biot-number-as-a-function-of-the-1si4szus.png Figure 1: Variation of the Biot number as a function of the absorbed power. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-thermal-losses-and-b-receiver-efficiency-2cfkwz70.png Figure 3. a)Thermal losses and b) Receiver efficiency comparison for case A and D using y =1 and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-thermal-losses-and-b-receiver-thermal-efficiency-3bf8r311.png Figure 8. a) Thermal losses and b) receiver thermal efficiency as a function of the incident power for Solar Two project. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-thermal-losses-ratio-and-b-receiver-thermal-w410jrig.png Figure 7. a) Thermal losses ratio and b) receiver thermal efficiency ratio as a function of the incident power for Solar Two project. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-main-design-parameters-of-the-solar-two-heliostat-8udo9ks9.png Table 3. Main design parameters of the Solar Two heliostat field and solar receiver. https://scispace.com/papers/revision-des-systems-der-chitonen-von-joh-thiele-5bg30dywpz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2bngtc4d.png Fig. 4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schuppchen-von-der-unterseite-derselben-fig-4-mittel-10k1kcvn.png Fig. 3. Schüppchen von der Unterseite derselben | Fig. 4. Mittel- und Zwischenplatte von Hanleya ahyssorum x 99. Fig. 5. Mittel-, Zwischen- und Hakenplatte von H. hanleyi X 300. Fig. 6. Vorderstes Schalenstück von Trackydermon furtivus (Monterosato). Vorgr. Fig. 7, 8. Das 5. Stück, von vorn und oben gesehen. Fig. 9. Das hinterste Stück in Dorsalansicht. Fig. 10, 11. Schüppchen und Nadel von der Oberseite des Gürtels desselben | Fig. 12. Randspiculum \ X 440. Fig. 13. Schüppchen der Unterseite ] Fig. 14. Vorderstes Schalenstück von Trachydermon canariensis Thiele. Vergr. Fig. 15, 16. Das 5. Stück von vorn und oben gesehen. Fig. 17. Das hinterste Stück in Dorsalansicht. Fig. 18, 19. Schüppclien und Nadel von der Oberseite des Gürtels desselben 1 Fig. 20. Randnadel i X 440 Fig. 21, 22. Schüppchen der Unterseite ] Fig. 23. Mittelplatte und Zwischenplatten der Radula desselben 1 Fig. 24. Schneide der Hakenplatte | X 440. Fig. 25. Schneide der Seitenplatte (weit übergebogen) J Fig. 26, 27. Schüppchen von der Ober- und Unterseite des Gürtels von Tracliydermon harUvegii (Carp.) x 440. Fig. 28, 29. Das 5. Schalenstück von Mopaliella bipunctata (Sow.) von vorn und oben gesehen. Vergr. Fig. 30, 31. Das hinterste Stück in Dorsal- und Seitenansicht. Fig. 32, 33. Kleines Kalkkörperchen und suturales Spiculuin von doi' Olierseite des Gürtels \ Fig. 34. Schüppchen von der Unterseite \ X 440. Fig. 35. Randnadel J Fig. 36. Teil eines Radulagliedes derselben Art x 300. Fig. 37, 38. Kalkkörperchen von der Oberseite des Gürtels von Trachydermon dentiens (Gould) X 440. Fig. 39 Mittel- und Zwischenplatte der Radula desselben x 300. Fig. 40, .41 Körperchen von der Oberseite des Gürtels von Trachydermon raymondi Pilsbry | https://scispace.com/papers/revision-of-the-lymphedema-functioning-disability-and-health-2ms8old6xj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-reliability-on-the-total-score-of-the-lymph-icf-ul-plbgshyv.png Table 4. Reliability on the Total Score of the Lymph-ICF-UL and the Scores on the Five domains https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-interpretation-of-scores-of-the-lymph-icf-ul-1d48vidd.png Table 1. Interpretation of Scores of the Lymph-ICF-UL Questionnaire https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-correlation-between-the-sf-36-and-the-lymph-icf-ul-f9prp5hl.png Table 6. Correlation Between the SF-36 and the Lymph-ICF-UL to Determine Convergent and Divergent Validity (Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient; n = 56) https://scispace.com/papers/revisited-mechanism-of-reaction-between-a-model-lysine-amino-ujehaibk1x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-amounts-of-adducts-of-the-reaction-of-r-20hjqi6r.png Table 1. Experimental amounts of adducts of the reaction of R with 4-HNE determined by LC chromatography. DCM – dichloromethane, ACN – acetonitrile, ACN10 – acetonitrile with 10 mol% of phosphate buffer, ACN50 – acetonitrile with 50 mol% of phosphate buffer, WAT – phosphate buffer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pyrrole-adduct-11-formation-from-schiff-base-7-c-t-29775gi4.png Figure 5. Pyrrole adduct 11 formation from Schiff base 7-c-t. Free energy barriers (in kcal mol-1) are calculated at the SMD/MP2/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory in ACN (black color) and ACN-W (blue color). Conformational changes leading to the next reaction step within the same molecule are indicated above the curly bracket. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lc-ms-analysis-of-reaction-of-model-lysine-side-27x12v3i.png Figure 2. LC-MS analysis of reaction of model lysine side chain R with 4-HNE in different solvent systems. DCM – dichloromethane, ACN – acetonitrile, ACN10 – acetonitrile with 10 mol% of phosphate buffer, ACN50 – acetonitrile with 50 mol% of phosphate buffer, WAT – phosphate buffer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-michael-addition-of-1-to-2-t-and-formation-of-2gaejbgn.png Figure 3. Michael addition of 1 to 2-t and formation of adducts 4 and 5. Free energy barriers (in kcal mol-1) are calculated at the SMD/MP2/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory in ACN (black color) and ACN-W (blue color). Conformational changes leading to the next reaction step within the same molecule are indicated above the curly bracket. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pyridinium-salt-adduct-16-formation-from-schiff-3119wp2n.png Figure 7. Pyridinium salt adduct 16 formation from Schiff base 7-c-t and protonated 4-HNE. Free energy barriers (in kcal mol-1) are calculated at the SMD/MP2/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory in ACN-W (blue color). Conformational changes leading to the next reaction step within the same molecule are indicated above the curly bracket. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schiff-base-7-c-t-formation-from-michael-adduct-4-3i7aam6b.png Figure 4. Schiff base 7-c-t formation from Michael adduct 4. Free energy barriers (in kcal mol-1) are calculated at the SMD/MP2/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory in ACN (black color) and ACN-W (blue color). Conformational changes leading to the next reaction step within the same molecule are indicated above the curly bracket. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-4-hne-and-the-model-2luiyd1m.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of 4-HNE and the model lysine side chain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-proposed-reaction-mechanism-for-double-adduct-1a1scu3i.png Figure 6. Proposed reaction mechanism for double adduct formation 17 from the Schiff base 7-c-t and the pyrrole derivative 11. https://scispace.com/papers/revision-stratigraphique-de-l-ile-de-timor-indonesie-2h760xhjt3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mains-units-groups-formations-and-stratigraphic-2rszf059.png Fig. 4. Mains units, groups, formations and stratigraphic complex in Timor. G: group, T: main thrust, D: main unconformity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-stratigraphic-successions-in-the-sub-allochthon-sub-2p7urc4r.png Fig. 9. Stratigraphic successions in the «sub-allochthon», «sub-autochthon» and «autochthon» units. Bbn: Bobonaro formation, Btp: Batuputih formation, Snb: Sonnebait formation, Qac: Pleistosen to Holocen. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-stratigraphic-succession-of-the-para-autochtone-unit-1s8zerv0.png Fig. 5. Stratigraphic succession of the para-autochtone unit. PV: not in place rock. 1 pelites, 2 shales, 3 limestones. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-stratigraphic-successions-in-the-formations-and-yin1u3q5.png Fig. 8. Stratigraphic successions in the formations and complex of the Allochthon unit. 1 Limestones and volcanic tufs, 2 Metamorphic rocks, 3 Peridotites (ophiolite), 4 Oolitic limestones, 5 Sandstones and volcanic tuffs, 6 Volcanic tuffs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-timor-and-geological-scheme-1-autochthon-3s145qig.png Fig. 1. location of Timor and geological scheme. 1 autochthon unit, 2 sub-autochthon unit, 3 Upper part of the allochthon unit, 4 Lower part of the allochthon unit, 5 Para-allochtone unit, 6 Para-autochthon unit, 7 thrust. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-stratigraphic-succession-of-para-allochthon-unit-3p0o7dym.png Fig. 6. Stratigraphic succession of para-allochthon unit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-geological-cross-section-of-timor-1-central-basin-2s4pxh4p.png Fig 2. Geological cross section of Timor 1 Central basin formations (Plio-Pleistosen), 2 Manamas complex (Upper Miocene), 3 dioritic intrusions (Upper Miocene), 4 Batu-Putih formation (Upper Miocene/Lower Pliosèn), 5 Cablac formation (Lower Miocène), 6 Allochthon Unit (Jurassic to Eocène), 7 Kolbano group (Permian or Jurassic to lower Pliosen), 8 Maubisse formation (Permian to Eocene), 9 Kekneno-Tumu formation (Permian to Oligocen), 10 basement, 11-thrusts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-correlations-between-the-stratigraphic-sucessions-of-31rx0fmr.png Fig. 10. Correlations between the stratigraphic sucessions of the surroundings islands. Lac: Lacipu formation, Lam: Lamassi complex, Ltg: Latimojong complex, Blg: Balangbaru formation, Tns: Tonasa formation, Trj: Toraja formation, Mkl: Makale formation, Cba: Camba formation, Enrek: Enrekang formation, Tcp: Tacipi formation, Walan: Walanae formation. Win: Winto formation, Ogen: Ogena formation, Rmu: Rumu formation, Tbl: Tobelo formation, Kno: Kekneno member, Tmu: Tumu member, Mts: Mutis complex, Nni: Noni formation, Hl: Haulasi formation, MT: Metan formation, Mgod: Mont Godwin formation, Cnt: continental red beds, Bath: Bathurst formation. https://scispace.com/papers/revisiting-binary-sequence-length-requirements-to-accurately-olpedjf571 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-n-n0-ratio-over-the-inline-fiber-input-power-for-a-3rcyea7i.png Fig. 5. N/N0 ratio over the inline fiber input power for a transmission of 7x100km of SSMF with no inline compensation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cumulative-chromatic-dispersion-along-the-transmission-1k9ecu10.png Fig. 1. Cumulative Chromatic dispersion along the transmission line https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-non-linear-thresholds-at-10-3-ber-obtained-using-266kjuek.png Fig. 6. Non linear thresholds at 10-3 BER obtained using random sequences of 50000 bits, 100000 bits and using our Monte-Carlo stop criterion, for different values of residual dispersion per span. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-eprobability-density-function-of-our-monte-carlo-ber-313u4cnl.png Fig. 2. eProbability density function of our Monte-Carlo BER estimation, for a 7x100km SSMF transmission link without inline dispersion compensation, at 5.8dBm fiber input power and 17.1dB OSNR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-non-linear-thresholds-at-10-5-ber-obtained-using-prbs-kcw6do2n.png Fig. 8. Non linear thresholds at 10-5 BER obtained using PRBS of 16384 and 32768 bits, for different values of residual dispersion per span. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-non-linear-thresholds-at-10-3-ber-obtained-using-prbs-14ktiukn.png Fig. 7. Non linear thresholds at 10-3 BER obtained using PRBS of 2048, 4096, 8192 bits, and using our Monte-Carlo procedure, for different values of residual dispersion per span. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-number-of-bits-required-for-a-0-1-estimated-relative-13c5qrv1.png Fig. 3. Number of bits required for a 0.1 estimated relative error. Comparison between the theory without correlations between neighboring bits, and numerical results for the following transmission : back-to-back, no inline https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-required-number-of-bits-comparison-between-models-d4ks0foj.png Fig. 9. Required number of bits. Comparison between models emulating all pulses interactions, and numerical result of requirements at non-linear threshold for various reference BERs, using MC or PRBS methods. https://scispace.com/papers/revisiting-bureaucratic-dysfunction-the-role-of-bureaucracy-53fx219d39 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summary-diagram-19stclpp.png Figure 1. Summary Diagram https://scispace.com/papers/revisiting-caching-in-content-delivery-networks-41krv0x1dm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-timeseries-of-object-request-volume-3fd1xw0r.png Figure 2: Timeseries of object request volume https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-request-count-distributions-vmxchm58.png Figure 1: Request count distributions https://scispace.com/papers/revisiting-interregional-wage-differentials-new-evidence-1z9lst6ty4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-regional-raw-average-hourly-wages-of-spanish-35kp0bxx.png FIGURE 3. Regional raw average hourly wages of Spanish regions with and without regional purchasing power parities. 2006 (upper panel), 2010 (intermediate panel) and 2014 (lower panel) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-decomposition-of-inter-regional-raw-wage-27dyiv3m.png FIGURE 7. Decomposition of inter-regional raw wage differences. Median. 2006 (upper panel), 2010 (intermediate panel) and 2014 (lower panel). Fortin-Lemieux-Firpo methodology https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-4-decomposition-of-raw-inter-regional-wage-2hqj59th.png TABLE A.4. Decomposition of raw inter-regional wage differences in average wages in Spain. Oaxaca-Blinder methodology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-hourly-wages-of-spanish-regions-raw-wages-3dxmhibw.png FIGURE 2. Average hourly wages of Spanish regions. Raw wages (upper panel) and raw wages deflated by regional purchasing power parities (lower panel) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-decomposition-of-inter-regional-raw-wage-2f8m643p.png FIGURE 6. Decomposition of inter-regional raw wage differences. First decile. 2006 (upper panel), 2010 (intermediate panel) and 2014 (lower panel). Fortin-Lemieux-Firpo methodology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-decomposition-of-inter-regional-differences-in-raw-eog6jqgx.png FIGURE 5. Decomposition of inter-regional differences in raw average wages. 2006 (upper panel), 2010 (intermediate panel) and 2014 (lower panel). Oaxaca-Blinder methodology https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-descriptive-evidence-average-of-explanatory-1nj09vzn.png TABLE A.1. Descriptive evidence (average) of explanatory variables. 2006 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-7-decomposition-of-raw-inter-regional-wage-10n130b7.png TABLE A.7. Decomposition of raw inter-regional wage differences along the wage distribution in Spain. 2014. Fortin-Lemieux-Firpo methodology https://scispace.com/papers/revisiting-matrix-product-on-master-worker-platforms-4zo4lr6iat 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dependence-graph-of-the-problem-with-r-3-and-s-2-43sp2fzf.png Figure 2: Dependence graph of the problem (with r = 3 and s = 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-impact-of-memory-size-on-algorithm-performance-4376o08n.png Figure 8: Impact of memory size on algorithm performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-performance-of-the-algorithms-on-different-matrices-2ptd2twt.png Figure 7: Performance of the algorithms on different matrices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-showing-that-min-min-is-not-optimal-with-p-dcn95r49.png Figure 4: Example showing that Min-min is not optimal: with p = 2, c = 8, w = 9, r = 6, and s = 3, Thrifty has a lower makespan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-showing-that-thrifty-is-not-optimal-with-p-1zv7ti53.png Figure 3: Example showing that Thrifty is not optimal: with p = 2, c = 4, w = 7, and r = s = 3, Min-min has a lower makespan. For each algorithm, the first line presents the communications for P1, the second the computations of P1, the third the communications for P2, and the fourth the computations of P2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-memory-usage-for-the-maximum-re-use-algorithm-when-2sbjlee6.png Figure 5: Memory usage for the maximum re-use algorithm when m = 21: µ = 4; 1 block is used for A, µ for B, and µ2 for C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-four-steps-of-the-maximum-re-use-algorithm-with-m-3h7oyyb1.png Figure 6: Four steps of the maximum re-use algorithm, with m = 21 and µ = 4. The elements of C updated are displayed in white on black. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-partition-of-the-three-matrices-a-b-and-c-27j45uy4.png Figure 1: Partition of the three matrices A, B, and C. https://scispace.com/papers/revisiting-non-significant-effects-of-intranasal-oxytocin-3899j5le1j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-meta-analysis-and-equivalence-tests-3dic6ur8.png Table 1. Meta-analysis and equivalence tests https://scispace.com/papers/revisiting-reflection-utilizing-third-spaces-in-teacher-4prwy8ygtp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-leslie-s-repeated-addition-strategy-3pbwh8i6.png Figure 2. Leslie's repeated addition strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-leslie-s-direct-modeling-strategy-1dnhtp3h.png Figure 1. Leslie's direct modeling strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-leslie-s-ratio-table-strategy-1mu1berl.png Figure 3. Leslie's ratio table strategy. https://scispace.com/papers/revisiting-the-ancylostoma-caninum-secretome-provides-new-3qks1raeva 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-top-20-proteins-found-by-mascot-in-the-excretory-1klh2ev0.png Table 1. Top 20 proteins found by Mascot in the excretory/secretory products of Ancylostoma caninum adult worms based on emPAI. Proteins were identified by SDS-PAGE, Offgel, or both. CAP: Cysteine-rich secretory protein family; DOMON: dopamine beta-monooxygenase N-terminal; NTR: UNC-6/NTR/C345C module; SCP: sperm-coating protein; TIMP: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases. https://scispace.com/papers/revisiting-the-earned-income-gap-for-indigenous-and-non-49r1dnsw85 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-decomposition-of-the-earned-income-gap-a-6uvl183j.png Table 4 Decomposition of the Earned Income Gap (a) https://scispace.com/papers/revisiting-the-institutions-growth-nexus-in-developing-2onznqjfzv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimations-of-growth-model-augmented-with-138rkg1a.png Table 2. Estimations of growth model augmented with institutional variables for whole countries and East Asian samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-real-gdp-per-capita-growth-for-selected-east-16o4tmhz.png Table 1. Average real GDP per capita growth for selected East Asian countries (1960–2008). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimations-of-growth-model-augmented-with-1m70pu8n.png Table 3. Estimations of growth model augmented with institutional variables for East Asian samples pre- and post-AFC. https://scispace.com/papers/revisiting-the-question-of-gim-from-the-perspective-of-2jdt908yly 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-the-use-of-the-diacritic-in-relation-to-gimel-for-2ls9q3tb.png Table 1.1: The use of the diacritic in relation to gimel for ğīm, ninth–nineteenth centuries CE. https://scispace.com/papers/revisiting-the-wrong-key-randomization-hypothesis-59u86ypc2x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-curve-along-the-vertical-axis-represents-the-13u64zap.png Fig. 1. The curve along the vertical axis represents the density function of w (the bias for a random wrong key). The probability density function of ̂w (the sample bias for a random wrong key) is shown at the bottom. ̂w has a compound distribution obtained by weighted integration over the smaller curves which represent the sample biases for specific keys. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-depending-on-the-right-key-bias-the-success-b76f8jh1.png Fig. 3. Depending on the right-key bias, the success probability can be monotonic ( 1, 4) or non-monotonic ( 2, 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-biases-for-a-few-keys-are-indicated-by-dots-and-1ei42ioy.png Fig. 2. The biases for a few keys are indicated by dots, and the dashed line represents the bias for the right key. Two of the wrong keys have a larger bias than the right key. If the adversary requires such an advantage that the right key needs to be among the top two keys, the attack would fail once enough data are obtained to place the keys in their true order. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-the-theoretical-success-probability-with-20rk1do4.png Fig. 6. Comparison of the theoretical success probability with a simulation of the success probability. The top figure on corresponds to the monotonic case, i.e., an attack using a bias larger than the bound of Theorem 1. The other figure shows the non-monotonic behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-theoretical-data-complexity-for-a-given-success-1xephggs.png Fig. 4. The theoretical data complexity for a given success probability. The top figure corresponds to a relatively large bias compared to the bias in the bottom figure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-required-amount-of-data-for-linear-attacks-on-speck-drsyl405.png Table 1. Required amount of data for linear attacks on Speck-96 with PS = 1/2 for various values of a . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-averages-of-the-experimental-success-probability-k6tigrk6.png Fig. 7. Averages of the experimental success probability. Themiddle curve is the average over all experiments. The upper curve was computed by averaging over the experiments with monotonic behavior. Finally, the lower curve corresponds to the average over all non-monotonic experiments. Note that the scale for the horizontal axis is logarithmic and does not start from zero. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-success-probability-for-a-linear-attack-on-speck-28rwrae2.png Fig. 8. The success probability for a linear attack on Speck-96 as a function of the requested advantage based on a linear approximation with bias |ε0| = 2−46 and N = 295. https://scispace.com/papers/rewetting-of-three-drained-peatlands-drives-congruent-4exxnkqbb7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sampling-site-characteristics-2zfzk4gw.png Table 1. Sampling site characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-co-occurrence-networks-a-co-occurrence-network-of-2i37jo9q.png Figure 5. Co-occurrence networks. (a) Co-occurrence network of indicator ASVs associated with (A) alder carr, (C) coastal fen, and (P) percolation fen, or with both alder carr and coastal fen (AC), both alder carr and percolation fen (AP), and both coastal fen and percolation fen (CP). (b) Co-occurrence network of indicator ASVs associated with drained and rewetted sites. (c) Co-occurrence network showing connections between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ASVs. ASVs with relative abundances lower than 0.05% were discarded. ASVs were identified as indicators associated with fen type or water condition using the indicspecies package [45], and are color-coded according to fen type and water condition (drained/rewetted) in (a) and (b), respectively. The relative abundances of prokaryotes and eukaryotes associated with the different fen types and water conditions are shown as pie charts on the right side of (a) and (b), respectively. The color code in pie charts of (a) and (b) correspond to the color code in (c). Solid lines indicate significant positive Spearman’s rank correlations (R > 0.7. p < 0.01), while dashed lines indicate significant negative correlations (R < −0.7. p < 0.01). Nodes are sized according to their degrees. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fluxes-of-ch4-and-ecosystem-respiration-measured-as-sqyhyxj5.png Table 2. Fluxes of CH4 and ecosystem respiration (measured as CO2 flux) on all study sites compared to methanogen abundance (mcrA_DW). Negative flux values represent uptake from the atmosphere. Table shows mean values (n = 5 for CH4 and ecosystem respiration CO2 fluxes, n = 9 for mcrA_DW) and standard deviation. Significance was tested with Kruskal–Wallis test. https://scispace.com/papers/rewiring-pbmc-responses-to-prevent-chikv-infection-specific-1er1qd33wf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-lps-priming-on-the-infection-and-innate-2e0xg9j1.png Fig 4. Effect of LPS priming on the infection and innate immune responses following CHIKV 268 infection. (A) PBMCs from healthy donors (n=2-3) were (mock)-treated with LPS (600 ng/mL) 269 https://scispace.com/papers/rewriting-measurement-based-quantum-computations-with-q7oo5hbx6u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-constructing-dmp-from-dg-p-2rfwh6wp.png Fig. 3. Constructing DmP from Dγ(P) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rewrite-rules-for-system-r-3bbtf3vj.png Fig. 2. Rewrite rules for system R https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-permitted-vertices-1xq4ub43.png Fig. 1. Permitted vertices https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-translation-from-pattern-to-diagram-32do2f5k.png Table 1. Translation from pattern to diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rewrite-rules-for-system-c-the-signal-s-is-required-to-1eyx6k2k.png Fig. 4. Rewrite rules for system C. The signal S is required to be non-empty https://scispace.com/papers/rewriting-recursive-aggregates-in-answer-set-programming-5dmdzxpld0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dependency-graphs-considered-in-example-9-the-dashed-17ma6erl.png Fig. 1. Dependency graphs considered in Example 9: the dashed arc belongs to GΠ3 , but not to GΠ′3 . https://scispace.com/papers/reynolds-number-and-geometry-effects-in-laminar-axisymmetric-h13423a1tb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-nondimensional-strain-rate-k-dv-dr-at-the-stagnation-3mhx87ql.png FIG. 7. Nondimensional strain rate k = dv/dr at the stagnation point as a function of the Reynolds number for various values of the separation ratio α. Experimental data with the medium (M) and large (L) size contoured nozzles are shown as symbols for α = 0.5, 1, 1.5. Thick solid lines represent axisymmetric simulations for contoured nozzles, while thin solid lines represent simulation results for straight nozzles. See Sec. II B for geometrical details. In (a), the strain rate is nondimensionalized with U/D and plotted versus ReD =UD/ν, and the dashed line (“SPAL”) represents the nondimensional gradient implied by the theory in the work of Spalding.1 In (b), the strain rate is nondimensionalized with U/L and plotted versus ReL =UL/ν, and the dashed line (“CB”) represents the nondimensional gradient implied by the model of Chapman and Bauer.16 The right-hand axis in (b) displays the values of the nondimensional scalar dissipation rate at the stagnation plane χ0H/U = (4kL/U )/π according to the one-dimensional mixing solution in the potential flow region (Eqs. (4) and (6) and related commentary for details). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-overview-of-the-velocity-and-pressure-fields-in-1gqrikxv.png FIG. 3. Overview of the velocity and pressure fields in between two opposing jets issuing from contoured nozzles. The flow parameters are α =H/D = 1 and ReD =UD/ν = 1200 (ReL =UL/ν = 600). Only the right half of the domain and the top nozzle are shown (fluid moves downward). (a) Nondimensional axial velocity component −u/U ; (b) nondimensional radial velocity component v/U ; (c) nondimensional pressure difference (p− p∞)/ρU2, where p∞= 1 atm is the pressure prescribed on the far field boundary. In all figures the color isocontours correspond to data from axisymmetric simulations; in (a) and (b), the solid black lines correspond to PIV measurements carried out in the large contoured nozzle (D = 30 mm); in (a), the u =−U isocontour is indicated by a white dashed line; in (b), the v = 0 isocontour is indicated by a black dashed line; and in (c), the flow streamlines are shown as black solid lines. (a) −u/U . (b) v/U . (c) (p− p∞)/ρU2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-contour-plots-of-a-axial-velocity-u-u-and-b-pressure-p-wxs4jxi7.png FIG. 6. Contour plots of (a) axial velocity −u/U and (b) pressure (p− p∞)/ρU2 for ReD = 1200 and three separation ratios α = 0.5, 1, 1.5 (left to right). Note that the color scale is different in each pressure contour plot for the sake of clarity. In all plots, the thick solid and thick dashed black lines indicate the isocontours −u/U = 1 and v = 0, respectively. Data from simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-axisymmetric-flow-configuration-and-1bf8s9q2.png FIG. 1. Schematic of the axisymmetric flow configuration and cylindrical coordinate system (fluid moves downward). z and r are the axial and radial coordinates, respectively. (a) Overview of the flow configuration, featuring two nozzles of diameter D separated by a distance H and centered with respect to the stagnation plane. (b) Detail of the region of interest and contoured wall near the stagnation plane. The nozzle radius is R =D/2, L =H/2 is half the separation distance between the two nozzles, and the bulk velocityU , computed at the nozzle exit plane (area is πD2/4) is the same for both nozzles. δw and δZ indicate the thickness of the wall boundary layer and that of the mixing layer across the stagnation plane, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-profiles-of-z-e-e-z-l-for-a-0-51-and-various-3p1ljagp.png FIG. 8. (a) Profiles of Z (η) (η = z/L) for α = {0.5,1} and various Reynolds numbers. The data are extracted from twodimensional solutions along the centerline. (b) Mixing layer thickness δZ = [max{dZ/dz}]−1 for Sc= 0.7965, normalized by the nozzle separation distance H as a function of the Reynolds number ReL for various values of the separation ratio α: 0.5 (red squares), 1 (blue circles), 1.5 (green diamonds), and 2 (black pentagons). Data from axisymmetric simulations for contoured and straight nozzles are shown as lines with solid and open symbols, respectively. (c) Compensated nondimensional mixture fraction gradient at the stagnation point, −Z ′(0)/Re0.5L , versus the nondimensional (axial) strain rate −β = 2kL/U . Symbols are as in (b) and the one-dimensional model solution (see Eq. (4)) is shown as a solid line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-radial-profile-of-the-nondimensional-axial-velocity-u-34wzg1fz.png FIG. 4. Radial profile of the nondimensional axial velocity −u/U as a function of r/R at various axial locations. The data are shown for ReD = 1200 and four separation ratios α = 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 (left to right). In all figures, symbols represent PIV data at z/D = 0.1 (open circles), 0.2 (solid circles), 0.3 (open squares), and 0.4 (solid diamonds). Solid lines represent simulation results at the same axial location. Dashed lines above and below the solid lines indicate ±6% of the simulated value and provide an indication of experimental errors (see Section II A for the discussion). Colors represent data from the three nozzles: S (green), M (blue), and L (red). In the case of α = 0.5, PIV data for z/D = 0.3 and 0.4 are not shown, since these axial locations are not optically accessible and the numerical data are reported instead. In the case of α = 2, only PIV data from nozzle S are available and shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-nondimensional-axial-velocity-component-u-u-versus-z-2w0q7834.png FIG. 5. (a) Nondimensional axial velocity component −u/U versus z/D along the centerline and (b) nondimensional radial velocity component v/U versus r/R at the stagnation plane. Data are shown for various values of the separation ratio α = 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 (left to right) ReL: ReL= 300 (open circles), 600 (solid circles), 900 (open squares), and 1200 (solid diamonds). The arrow indicates the direction of increasing Reynolds number. Solid lines represent data from simulations. Colors represent data from the three nozzles: S (green), M (blue), and L (red). In the case of α = 2, the data for ReL = 300 are not shown and only PIV data from the nozzle S are available. In each figure, the axial velocity scalings implied by the theories of Chapman and Bauer16 (du/dz =−2U/L =−4U/(αD) and dv/dr =U/L = 2U/(αD)) and Spalding1 (du/dz =−2U/D and dv/dr =U/D) are shown with solid straight lines marked by the labels “C” and “S,” respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-overview-of-the-nozzles-and-flow-conditioning-stacks-1de0bnqu.png FIG. 2. (a) Overview of the nozzles and flow conditioning stacks: 3D rendering (left) and 2D section (right) from the drawings. (b) The shape of the interior wall of the contoured nozzle (exit diameter 15 mm). All dimensions are in mm. The radii of curvature of the bottom and top portions of the wall are 100.00 mm and 222.66 mm, respectively. The inlet and exit diameters are 57.6 and 15 mm, respectively, resulting in an area contraction ratio of about 15:1. The length of the contoured nozzle is 115.46 mm. The nozzles with exit diameters of 7.5 mm and 30 mm are obtained from the same design rescaled by a factor of 0.5 and 2, respectively. (c) Computational domain and mesh (shown for the case of H/D = 1), contoured nozzle geometry, and boundary conditions: axis of symmetry at r = 0 (I, blue), no-slip impermeable surface on the nozzle’s interior and exterior walls (II, black), uniform velocity inflow and constant mixture fraction (III, red), and mixed inflow/outflow with constant pressure p∞= 1 atm along a circular boundary located at a radial distance ≈12D (not shown). Although only one nozzle is shown in the figure for the sake of clarity, the simulations feature two nozzles and the computational mesh is symmetric with respect to the stagnation plane at z = 0. https://scispace.com/papers/rf-lna-circuit-synthesis-by-genetic-algorithm-specified-cecznx110u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-testing-generalization-performance-of-the-best-1bn2n60v.png Table VI. Testing (generalization) performance of the best chromosome found during the GA and in the following 100 ANN simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-description-of-the-best-chromosome-with-matching-3p4mnxgg.png Table IV. Description of the best chromosome with matching networks components values as outputs (after four generations). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-mlp-chromosome-a0iq2adr.png Table II. MLP chromosome. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-rbf-chromosome-3vwjmep5.png Table III. RBF chromosome https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-used-lna-topography-a-and-matching-network-b-fvanc7rt.png Fig 1. Used LNA topography (a) and matching network (b) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-performance-and-design-variables-considered-1gugkncc.png Table I. Performance and design variables considered. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-description-of-the-best-chromosome-for-transistors-vkbrwkuk.png Table V. Description of the best chromosome for transistors geometries values as outputs (after eight generations). https://scispace.com/papers/rf-loads-for-the-clic-multibunch-structure-3kiaojpdrq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-measured-solid-and-computed-dashed-load-return-loss-3ffs8saq.png Figure 8: Measured (solid) and computed (dashed) load return loss as a function of frequency (in dB). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-complex-permittivity-of-sic-100-2df0pgvu.png Figure 6: Complex permittivity of SiC-100. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-permittivity-values-extracted-from-data-from-a-3-mm-2xkir1te.png Figure 5: Permittivity values extracted from data from a 3 mm thick SiC sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-x-band-experimental-setup-dimensions-in-mm-the-mdl9v3ns.png Figure 1: X-band experimental setup (dimensions in mm). The notation for complex relative permittivity that will be used is the one based on a real relative dielectric constant, ε', and a loss tangent, tan δ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-load-design-2vxdkljl.png Figure 7: Load design . https://scispace.com/papers/rf-power-handling-performance-for-direct-actuation-of-tybcuk54wu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-summary-of-measurement-results-of-on-state-series-9arjuqzl.png TABLE II SUMMARY OF MEASUREMENT RESULTS OF ON-STATE SERIES SWITCHES, CRYSTALLINE GETE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-series-gete-switch-in-off-state-versus-and-1-um-3bmob4ev.png Fig. 14. Series GeTe switch in OFF state versus 𝑊 and 𝑇. 𝐿=1 µm. Output power versus input power when a 2.7-GHz CW signal is applied. Same switches (fabrication repeatability study) are superimposed on the plot (same trace, same color). Switches with different widths, W, are plotted with different color; 100nm thick GeTe are in solid line. 300nm thick GeTe are in dotted line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-failure-power-and-current-of-the-series-1-um-length-2rys6yol.png Fig. 7. Failure power 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑠 and current 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑠 of the series 1-µm length GeTe switch in ON state versus 𝑊 for two values of the thickness: measurements are given by marker symbols (up triangle for 100 nm thick and down triangles for 300 nm thick), and the corresponding fitting curve (6), (7) in solid and dash lines respectively for power and current. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-summary-of-measurement-results-of-off-state-series-1lme1knl.png TABLE V SUMMARY OF MEASUREMENT RESULTS OF OFF-STATE SERIES SWITCHES, AMORPHOUS GETE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-shunt-gete-switch-in-off-state-versus-and-1-um-output-1ia18wmx.png Fig. 12. Shunt GeTe switch in OFF state versus 𝑊 and 𝑇. 𝐿=1 µm. Output power versus input power when a 2.7-GHz CW signal is applied. Same switches (fabrication repeatability study) are superimposed on the plot (same trace, same color). Switches with different widths, W, are plotted with different color; 100nm thick GeTe are in solid line. 300nm thick GeTe are in dotted line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-failure-power-and-current-of-the-shunt-1-um-length-336tyj8n.png Fig. 13. Failure power 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑠 and current 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑠 of the shunt 1-µm length GeTe switch in OFF state versus 𝑊 for two values of the thickness: measurements are given by marker symbols (up triangle for 100 nm thick and down triangles for 300 nm thick), and the corresponding fitting curve (15), (16) in solid and dash lines respectively for power and current. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-focuses-on-two-configurations-of-the-gete-either-in-35h8tfvw.png Fig. 1 focuses on two configurations of the GeTe either in series (Fig. 1a) or in shunt with two devices in parallel (Fig. 1b). The close-up micrograph of the series switch in ON-state (Fig. 1a) shows the light color of the crystalline GeTe. Fig. 1c represents the technological stack. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-microscope-image-of-the-pcm-switch-a-series-3muqelya.png Fig. 1 focuses on two configurations of the GeTe either in series (Fig. 1a) or in shunt with two devices in parallel (Fig. 1b). The close-up micrograph of the series switch in ON-state (Fig. 1a) shows the light color of the crystalline GeTe. Fig. 1c represents the technological stack. https://scispace.com/papers/rf-propagation-through-transparent-conductors-in-energy-hwfhhl4z10 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-visible-light-transmittance-3etd046w.png TABLE I. VISIBLE LIGHT TRANSMITTANCE https://scispace.com/papers/rf-reference-distribution-using-fibre-optic-links-for-kekb-2sfdn6fdbn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-phase-stability-of-the-round-trip-signal-3qx0xz0q.png Table 3: Phase stability of the round trip signal transmission in one day https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-specifications-of-transmitter-receiver-modules-1ror09ye.png Table 2: Specifications of Transmitter/Receiver modules https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-temperature-dependence-of-the-transmission-delay-time-p2a4fgj8.png Fig. 1 Temperature dependence of the transmission delay time https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-specification-of-wdm-2r1ty2as.png Table 1: Specification of WDM https://scispace.com/papers/rf-system-on-package-sop-development-for-compact-low-cost-4byf3a13mu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-extracted-ubga-s-parameters-z4aqlsup.png Figure. 3. Extracted µBGA S-parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8b-radiation-pattern-of-the-stacked-patch-antenna-6dww3tdg.png Figure. 8b. Radiation pattern of the stacked patch antenna, cross-polarization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-input-impedance-characteristic-of-the-stacked-patch-1haggqv1.png Figure. 7. Input impedance characteristic of the stacked patch antenna. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-cross-view-of-multiplayer-organic-based-package-3bhezwpn.png Figure. 9. Cross view of multiplayer organic based package. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3d-integrated-module-concept-view-1a9kz6d8.png Figure 1: 3D integrated module concept view. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-design-schematic-of-a-band-pass-filter-1ygxbhv7.png Figure. 4. Design schematic of a band-pass filter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-stacked-patch-antenna-i5soh7fj.png Figure. 6. Stacked patch antenna. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-performances-of-the-band-pass-filter-f8tev9dx.png Figure. 5. Performances of the band-pass filter. https://scispace.com/papers/rf-self-interference-reduction-techniques-for-compact-full-3dvq0q1h48 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measured-specifications-of-the-antenna-prototype-3jku9td3.png Table 3: Measured specifications of the antenna prototype. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-full-duplex-radio-is-subjected-to-different-self-2hky325w.png Figure 1: Full-duplex radio is subjected to different self-interference paths. Self-interference cancellation can be realized from various points in the transmitter chain to various points in the receiver chain. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-specific-benefits-of-the-three-proposed-rf-si-2v05fmy3.png Table 4: Specific benefits of the three proposed RF-SI rejection techniques https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-chip-photo-of-the-1-4-x-1-4mm-prototype-in-65nm-1xayqrna.png Figure 4: Chip photo of the 1.4 x 1.4mm prototype in 65nm CMOS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simplified-implementation-of-the-si-cancelling-369cai09.png Figure 3: Simplified implementation of the SI-cancelling receiver. One slice of the 31-slice vector modulator (VM) downmixer is shown in detail. The depicted design is single-ended, the actual design is fully differential. For more implementation details, consult [9]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-three-topologies-to-reduce-self-interference-j9tafi8c.png Figure 2: Three topologies to reduce self-interference, applied in a generic full-duplex transceiver structure with digital cancellation. The outlined parts are discussed in this paper. Top: front-end with SI-cancelling receiver, middle: dual-polarized antenna and active cancellation network, bottom: electrical balance duplexer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-test-setup-for-cancellation-measurements-using-the-2bknc2ah.png Figure 5: Test setup for cancellation measurements using the built-in transmitter and crossed WLAN dipoles as FD antenna. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-spectra-and-integrated-power-levels-at-various-j9bymbcz.png Figure 6: Spectra and integrated power levels at various points in the FD front-end, all referred back to the antenna ports for comparison. The shaded area indicates the 25 MHz integration bandwidth. https://scispace.com/papers/rf-transmitter-architectures-for-nomadic-multi-radio-a-3fer66xyff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-linearization-techniques-and-linear-39cw1459.png Table 2. Comparison of Linearization Techniques and Linear Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-cellular-and-wlan-standard-characteristics-from-28vnqq2f.png Table 1. Main Cellular and WLAN Standard Characteristics from 700 MHz to 6GHz https://scispace.com/papers/rfid-based-distributed-shared-memory-for-pervasive-games-2ksyxuchup 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-data-present-in-a-system-made-of-2-rfid-nfc-tags-and-3-1n8gzcf7.png Fig. 1. Data present in a system made of 2 RFID/NFC tags and 3 mobile handsets https://scispace.com/papers/rheological-investigation-of-specific-interactions-in-na-116fgaqoud 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-plateau-modulus-g0-of-na-alg-mmt-gels-measured-at-0-249c0kv7.png Figure 7. Plateau modulus G0 of Na-Alg/MMT gels measured at 0.1259 rad/s as a function of Na-MMT concentration. The figure shows that above 20 wt.% Na-MMT we see an increase in plateau modulus with addition of Na-MMT until 80 wt.% Na-MMT, followed by a rapid decline. At the top left corner Na-Alg/MMT interaction is illustrated and the line connecting the points is a guide to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-storage-g-and-loss-g-moduli-of-na-alg-suspension-3kcer3ob.png Figure 3 Storage (G’) and loss (G’’) moduli of Na-Alg suspension with 1 and 5 wt.% Na-MMT as a function of angular frequency. We observe a liquid-like behavior over the investigated timescales. Total solid content of the mixed suspension was 3 wt.%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-loss-moduli-of-na-alg-with-40-50-60-75-80-90-95-and-2cxx3mfp.png Figure 6. Loss moduli of Na-Alg with 40, 50, 60, 75, 80, 90, 95, and 98 wt.% Na-MMT as a function of angular frequency. The total solid concentration is 3 wt.%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-storage-moduli-of-na-alg-with-40-50-60-75-80-90-95-27ye1elj.png Figure 5. Storage moduli of Na-Alg with 40, 50, 60, 75, 80, 90, 95, and 98 wt.% Na-MMT as a function of angular frequency. The total solid concentration is 3 wt.%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-storage-g-and-loss-g-moduli-as-a-function-of-f3231bhe.png Figure 1 Storage (G’) and loss (G’’) moduli, as a function of applied strain amplitude for NaAlg solution, Na-MMT and Na-Alg Na-MMT suspension at different clay concentrations to investigate the strain independence (linear viscoelastic regime). Total solid concentration of suspensions was fixed at 3 wt.%. The measurements were performed at a frequency of 10 rad/s. The vertical lines indicate the strain used for the frequency sweep measurement. Note the different scale-bars for G’ and G’’ in some of the figures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-stress-strain-curves-of-a-startup-at-various-shear-hscvaqtz.png Figure 11. Stress-strain curves of a startup at various shear rates from 0.005 to 1 s-1 for Na-Alg with 70 wt.% Na-MMT, at 3 wt.% total solids. The stress overshoot varies with applied shear rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-evolution-of-storage-g-and-loss-g-moduli-over-time-2bktoyug.png Figure 9. Evolution of storage (G’) and loss (G’’) moduli over time for Na-Alg with 70 wt.% Na-MMT suspension measured at 10 rad/s. Before each time sweep measurement a pre-shear of 100 s-1 for 120 s was performed on the suspension. Total solid concentration is 3 wt.%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-storage-g-and-loss-g-moduli-as-a-function-of-24o19rto.png Figure 4 Storage (G’) and loss (G’’) moduli as a function of angular frequency for Na-Alg suspension with 20 wt.% Na-MMT. The measured G’-G’’ crossover frequency is at 0.1673 rad/s. https://scispace.com/papers/rheological-properties-of-aging-thermosensitive-suspensions-43ijyqbgf0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-g-t-and-g-t-plotted-as-a-function-of-t-l9l917q0.png FIG. 7. Color online G , t and G , t plotted as a function of t for the concentrated P-2 suspension 0.10w /w . Different symbols correspond to different experimental waiting times, as in Fig. 6. Solid lines show model calculations, see text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-radius-of-gyration-rg-of-the-thermosensitive-p-1-p-i9apq0qx.png FIG. 1. The radius of gyration Rg of the thermosensitive P-1 , P-2 , and P-P microgel particles. The lines are a guide for the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-volume-fraction-as-calculated-from-the-viscosity-ib0js358.png FIG. 2. The volume fraction as calculated from the viscosity data using the Einstein relation of dilute P-1 , P-2 , and P-P suspensions as functions of their mass fraction m w /w . The lines indicate the linear regressions of the corresponding data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-j-t-tw-tw-as-a-function-of-t-tw-tw-for-pse624j0.png FIG. 8. Color online J t− tw , tw as a function of t− tw / tw for the P-1 suspension at different ages 30 s–104 s and measured at different temperatures. The solid lines represent the predictions of the SGR model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-elasticity-g-and-1-j-of-the-p-1-suspension-for-tw-2z1lbs1j.png FIG. 9. The elasticity, G and 1/J, of the P-1 suspension for tw=600 s at different temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-the-effect-of-quench-stress-tq-60-s-and-3mtz3e9g.png FIG. 4. Color online a The effect of quench stress tq =60 s and b quench duration on the strain recovery of the P-1 suspensions after the flow cessation T=24 °C . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-schematic-procedure-of-a-step-stress-and-b-an-2crwmjva.png FIG. 3. a Schematic procedure of a step-stress and b an oscillatory stress measurement in the aging study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-a-the-strain-response-of-the-p-1-19l7ml9w.png FIG. 5. Color online a The strain response of the P-1 suspension at 24 °C measured at different waiting times when the probe stress is smaller than the critical stress. b The same data plotted as a function of t− tw / tw. https://scispace.com/papers/rhinocerotidae-mammalia-from-the-late-miocene-of-bulgaria-3vzqtmkdkh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-measurements-of-d-pikermiensis-skulls-119zg7ns.png Table 4. Measurements of D. pikermiensis skulls https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-measurements-of-upper-milk-teeth-39gtxjqb.png Table 5. Measurements of upper milk-teeth https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measurements-of-upper-tooth-series-occlusal-lengths-2ljwoutz.png Table 1. Measurements of upper tooth series (occlusal lengths) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measurements-of-mandibles-2u6n5dus.png Table 2. Measurements of mandibles https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measurements-of-lower-tooth-series-occlusal-lengths-1uwefn5j.png Table 3. Measurements of lower tooth series (occlusal lengths) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-measurements-of-metapodials-17i3kdqe.png Table 6: measurements of metapodials https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-measurements-of-ceratotherium-skulls-2nv4n87j.png Table 7. Measurements of Ceratotherium skulls https://scispace.com/papers/rhetorical-legitimation-of-the-asian-infrastructure-4im18frxqk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-legitimacy-claims-over-time-october-2o9rrdpx.png Figure 3. Distribution of legitimacy claims over time (October 2014–January 2016). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-legitimacy-in-the-aiib-context-2iwghmmo.png Table 2. Legitimacy in the AIIB context https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-breakdown-of-news-articles-2bd8m3n0.png Table 1. Breakdown of news articles https://scispace.com/papers/rhinogobius-zhoui-a-new-goby-perciformes-gobiidae-from-3a4o4krt8c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-head-lateral-line-system-of-rhinogobius-zhoui-sp-nov-n38u6btr.png Fig. 1 Head lateral line system of Rhinogobius zhoui sp. nov., male, SOU0804001, holotype, 33.4 mm SL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-live-adult-males-of-three-rhinogobius-species-from-10210d1j.png Fig. 3 Live adult males of three Rhinogobius species from stream of Lianhua Mountain, Guangdong Province https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rhinogobius-zhoui-sp-nov-1lgskn1x.png Fig. 2 Rhinogobius zhoui sp. nov. https://scispace.com/papers/rho-kinase-regulation-dys-function-and-inhibition-2wtypwu0db 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-regulation-functions-and-inhibition-of-the-rho-rock-3492psj3.png Figure 1 Regulation, functions, and inhibition of the Rho-ROCK-controlled cellular processes. Broad ranges of ROCK substrates are responsible for diverse cellular functions, which are controlled both positively and negatively by multiple mechanisms. As indicated, statin, GGTI, and FTI treatments as therapeutic strategies abrogate membrane localization of various proteins, including Rho, Rac, Ras, Rnd, and Gγ subunit, and thus interfere with the Rho-ROCK signaling in various types of cells and diseases. Solid arrows are known direct signal cascades, whereas dashed line arrows indicate the putative ones. https://scispace.com/papers/rhodium-i-complexes-of-new-ferrocenyl-benzimidazol-2-ylidene-26kwexj3c3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-substituted-benzimidazoles-2s4wi2fn.png Figure 1. Substituted benzimidazoles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ortep-views-of-5a-top-and-6b-bottom-ellipsoids-are-1oxj8utl.png Figure 2. ORTEP views of 5a (top) and 6b (bottom). Ellipsoids are shown at the 30% probability level. All hydrogen atoms except H(62) (top) and H(1) (bottom) are omitted for clarity. Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles (°), 5a: C(1)-P(1) 1.811 (2), C(62)-N(1) 1.325 (3), C(62)-N(2) 1.331 (3), C(63)-C(68) 1.395 (3), N(1)-C(62)-N(2) 110.5 (2) ; 6b: C(1)-N(11) 1.321 (6), C(1)-N(12) 1.321 (6), C(112)-C(113) 1.399 (6), N(11)(C(1)-N(12) 110.4 (6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ortep-views-of-8a-top-and-8b-bottom-ellipsoids-are-2a4tyisb.png Figure 4. ORTEP views of 8a (top) and 8b (bottom). Ellipsoids are shown at the 50% (8a) or 30% (8b) probability level.All hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ortep-views-of-7a-top-and-7b-bottom-ellipsoids-are-5tzgqylg.png Figure 3. ORTEP views of 7a (top) and 7b (bottom). Ellipsoids are shown at the 50% (7a) or 30% (7b) probability level. All hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-crystal-data-and-structure-refinement-parameters-for-qt9ucimo.png Table 4. Crystal data and structure refinement parameters for benzimidazolium salts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-bond-lengths-a-and-bond-angles-deg-for-1b3h2u9o.png Table 1. Selected bond lengths (Å) and bond angles (°) for complexes 7, 8 and 9a. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-previously-described-rhi-complexes-with-an-imidazol-51inyz99.png Figure 5. Previously described RhI complexes with an imidazol-2-ylidene moiety.[4] https://scispace.com/papers/rhyme-generation-in-deaf-students-the-effect-of-exposure-to-4uyzgvpte2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cued-speech-handshapes-and-placements-2lgjoij6.png Figure 1 Cued Speech handshapes and placements https://scispace.com/papers/rhodium-i-ferrocenylcarbene-complexes-synthesis-structural-12cyycut4m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-molecular-structures-of-a-1-b-2-c-4-d-5-and-e-6-3liairvv.png Figure 1.Molecular structures of (a) 1, (b) 2, (c) 4, (d) 5 and (e) 6, showing 50% probability ellipsoids and partial atomnumbering schemes. Two CH2Cl2 solvent molecules were omitted from the structure of 5 for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-bond-lengths-a-and-angles-for-the-complexes-1e1ltkwy.png Table 2. Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles () for the complexes 1, 2, 4–6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-hydroformylation-of-1-octene-with-catalyst-1un0ugxi.png Table 4.Hydroformylation of 1-octene with catalyst precursors 1–8.Reactionsa were carried out with (CO:H2) (1:1) at 40 bar, 80 °C in toluene (5 mL) with 6.37 mmol of 1-octene and 0.0039 mmol Rh catalyst. After 4 hours, the GC conversions were obtained using n-decane as an internal standard in relation to authentic standard internal octenes and aldehydes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-potentials-v-for-the-three-redox-processes-observed-1oxdakw8.png Table 3.Potentials (V) for the three redox processes observed for complexes 1–8 vs. the Ag/Ag+ couple using the redox couple [Fe(η-C5Me5)2]+1/0 as internal standard in the test solutions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-cyclic-voltammograms-of-a-rh-cod-cl-c-oet-fc-1-2dx9u09c.png Figure 2. The cyclic voltammograms of (a) [Rh(cod)Cl{C(OEt)Fc}] (1), (b) [Rh(cod)Cl{C(NHnPr)Fc}] (2) and (c) [Rh(CO){P(OPh)3}Cl{C(OEt)Fc}] (7) respectively, at a glassy carbon electrode, scan rate 0.1 V s-1 in CH2Cl2, with the internal standard used (marked as Fc*). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spectroscopic-data-for-complexes-1-8-131ellpt.png Table 1. Spectroscopic data for complexes 1–8. https://scispace.com/papers/rhodium-i-complexes-of-the-conformationally-rigid-ibioxme4-1h4v7jlzpc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-solid-state-structure-of-1-z-2-thermal-ellipsoids-2r2hrld6.png Figure 1. Solid-state structure of 1 (Z’ = 2). Thermal ellipsoids for selected atoms drawn at 50%; most hydrogen atoms, anions, solvent molecule and minor disordered components omitted for clarity. For ease of comparison, chiral cations of the same absolute configuration are shown: that containing Rh1A* was generated by inversion. Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles (º): Rh1-C2, 2.053(2); Rh1-C17, 2.037(2); Rh1-C32, 1.941(2); Rh1-C13, 3.273(3); Rh1-C29, 3.574(3); C2-Rh1-C17, 161.80(9); Cnt(C2)-C2-Rh1, 163.9(2); Cnt(C17)-C17-Rh1, 173.1(2); Cnt(C32)-C32-Rh1, 176.9(2); Rh1A-C2A, 2.071(2); Rh1A-C17A, 2.012(2); Rh1A-C32A, 1.934(2); Rh1A-C13A, 3.421(3); Rh1A-C29A, 3.191(3); C2A-Rh1-C17A, 160.21(9); Cnt(C2A)-C2A-Rh1A, 160.0(2); Cnt(C17A)-C17A-Rh1A, 166.5(2); Cnt(C32A)-C32A-Rh1A, 178.2(2).11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-solid-state-structure-of-2-thermal-ellipsoids-for-2sghkxqd.png Figure 2. Solid-state structure of 2. Thermal ellipsoids for selected atoms drawn at 50%; hydrogen atoms, anion and minor disordered components omitted for clarity. Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles (º): Rh1-C2, 1.825(6); Rh1-C4, 2.072(4); Rh1-C19, 2.075(4); Rh1-C34, 2.176(4); C2-Rh1C34, 179.5(4); C4-Rh1-C19, 172.9(2); all NHC Cnt-CNCNRh1 > 175.11 https://scispace.com/papers/rhythm-in-dyadic-interactions-2q84zpim3v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definitions-of-terms-relating-to-dyadic-interactions-w1529spo.png Table 1. Definitions of terms relating to dyadic interactions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rhythm-and-social-interactions-in-indris-panel-a-3nhs7s1y.png Figure 1. Rhythm and social interactions in indris. Panel A shows a spectrogram of a vocal interaction between two males from the same family group that compete for food; the adult male emits a low-pitched grunt [88] followed by a kiss and a wheeze from the younger male [89]. Panel C shows a spectrogram of part of an unusual solo song by a male indri. Panel E shows a spectrogram of part of a duet by a pair of indris (‘cohesion song’). After dispersing within a territory, they emit a https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-table-of-rhythmic-interactive-signalling-in-17zftlle.png Table 2. Summary table of rhythmic interactive signalling in dyads across taxa. https://scispace.com/papers/ribaucour-type-transformations-for-the-hessian-one-equation-ux1hnnfwes 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-elliptic-paraboloid-2us73qa8.png Figure 1: Elliptic paraboloid https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-r-transformations-a-1-n-1-m-2-and-n-1-m-3-258rs6lf.png Figure 4: R-transformations, a = 1, n = 1, m = 2 and n = 1, m = 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-g-helicoidal-and-non-rotational-auow7mof.png Figure 3: G-helicoidal and non-rotational https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rotational-improper-affine-maps-1ffarw7m.png Figure 2: Rotational improper affine maps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-r-transformations-a-1-n-2-m-1-and-n-3-m-2-c512l81z.png Figure 5: R-transformations, a = 1, n = 2, m = 1 and n = 3, m = 2 https://scispace.com/papers/riappa-a-robust-identity-assignment-protocol-for-p2p-2x7qdc75r3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-blind-signature-of-ttp-n0gryhv2.png Figure 4. Blind signature of TTP˛ . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overlay-certificate-format-h9ior6eq.png Figure 1. Overlay certificate format. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-abstract-syntax-notation-one-of-an-overlay-3kt2ulgz.png Figure 2. The Abstract Syntax Notation One of an overlay certificate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-computational-cost-of-cryptographic-operations-1ujex2fy.png Table IV. Computational cost of cryptographic operations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-summary-of-cryptographic-operations-31a9p7rr.png Table III. Summary of cryptographic operations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-notation-1ekb3bmo.png Table I. Notation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-message-exchange-5bo585l5.png Figure 3. Message exchange. https://scispace.com/papers/ribosome-induced-cellular-multipotency-an-emerging-avenue-in-3gc6tvsnr5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-summary-of-ribosome-incorporation-mediated-gene-2tynspp8.png Figure 2. Summary of ribosome incorporation-mediated gene regulation in RICs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ribosomes-stop-cancer-cell-proliferation-through-3chsh4u9.png Figure 3. Ribosomes stop cancer cell proliferation through stress. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ribosomes-stop-cancer-cell-proliferation-through-m0ybf822.png Figure 3. Ribosomes stop cancer cell proliferation through stress. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ribosome-incorporation-leads-to-multipotency-in-39s8z60f.png Figure 1. Ribosome incorporation leads to multipotency in somatic and cancer cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ribosome-incorporation-leads-to-multipotency-in-32mhnf4j.png Figure 1. Ribosome incorporation leads to multipotency in somatic and cancer cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-proposed-pathway-for-ribosome-mediated-cellular-29le62r8.png Figure 4. Proposed pathway for ribosome-mediated cellular multipotency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-proposed-pathway-for-ribosome-mediated-cellular-1fjdb3av.png Figure 4. Proposed pathway for ribosome-mediated cellular multipotency. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stress-associated-genes-found-to-be-upregulated-in-vlp29x8u.png Table 1. Stress-associated genes found to be upregulated in RICs by RNA-seq analysis. Gene expression was compared between day 0 and day 14 after ribosome incorporation [16]. Upregulation cut off value = 1.2 (Fold change). https://scispace.com/papers/rhythmic-whisking-by-rat-retraction-as-well-as-protraction-t7jgucvrt3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simultaneous-videography-and-rectified-femg-activity-3219135i.png FIG. 5. Simultaneous videography and rectified ƒEMG activity during high-frequency, foveal whisking. A–O: consecutive frames (2-ms exposure recorded at 10-ms intervals) of whisking as the vibrissae palpate a food tube during foveal whisking. The tube appears as a small bump at the top of each frame. P: illustration of the planar angle, defined with respect to a normal to the body axis. Q: rectified ƒEMG activity of both the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles on the right side during the whisking bout that encompassed the above videographs (top and middle). We further show (bottom) the angular position of the right vibrissae as determined from the videography (‚ in A–O; the frames are indicated by pulses in the bottom row). Note that the rectified ƒEMG activity for the extrinsic muscles is essentially silent. The side bars represent 100 V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-mechanical-model-that-relates-cyclic-vibrissa-34nvbnwz.png FIG. 11. Mechanical model that relates cyclic vibrissa movements to the alternating intrinsic and extrinsic muscles during exploratory whisking. The components are those deduced from Dörfl’s (1982) anatomical studies (Fig. 1D). Note that retraction involved a change on the pivot point as well as the angle. The relation between mechanical stages and the intrinsic and extrinsic ƒEMG is meant only to be approximate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-the-musculature-of-the-vibrissae-the-3t2ss3gw.png FIG. 1. Overview of the musculature of the vibrissae. The orientation in all panels is rostral to the left and caudal to the right. A: drawing that indicates the location of the mystacial pad, the trigeminal (sensory) nerve (sn) and the facial (motor) nerve (mn). The EMG and LFP electrodes exit through the cap on the head of the animal. B: anatomy of vibrissa follicles. The intrinsic muscle (i) forms a sling around the follicle to pivot the vibrissa forward. The trigeminal (sensory) nerve (sn) exits from the follicle (sn). The upper extrinsic muscle (eu) is anchored to the skin. The elastic connective tissue, shown as a fibrous sheet at the roots of the follicles, provides passive retraction when the vibrissa is pivoted forward. The approximate recording site of the intrinsic muscles of this study is indicated by an asterisk. C: organization of the extrinsic musculature. The extrinsic muscles consist of 2 branches: An upper branch (eu) that includes the M. levator labii superioris and M. nasolabialis and a lower branch (el), the M. maxillo labialis. The black dots represent the follicles with the whisker coming out of the page. The recording site of the muscles of this study is indicated by an asterisk. D: a model of the whisking mechanics, based on an interpretation of the anatomy of B and C. Contraction of the intrinsic muscle (i) produces a torque that protracts the vibrissae, while contraction of the extrinsic muscle (e) moves the attachment point of the follicle and leads to retraction. The 2 springs in the model represent the elastic properties of the skin (top spring) and the fibrous connective tissue (bottom spring). Both springs are over-damped and are freely anchored in the vertical direction. The drawings in B and C were adapted from Figs. 1 and 3 in Dorfl (1982). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-example-of-concurrent-foveal-and-exploratory-whisking-fhjlfgqy.png FIG. 6. Example of concurrent foveal and exploratory whisking to show the transition from foveal whisking, at 22 Hz in this example, to exploratory whisking, at 9 Hz. The top trace is the rectified ƒEMG of the intrinsic muscles; the black line is the smoothed data. The bottom trace is the ƒEMG of the extrinsic muscles; the black line is the smoothed data. Note that the extrinsic muscles are inactive during the 22-Hz whisking, but are rhythmically active during the 9-Hz whisking. Scale bars indicate 100 V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-phase-relation-between-rectified-femg-activity-in-30spg2ux.png FIG. 7. The phase relation between rectified ƒEMG activity in the intrinsic vs. extrinsic muscles as a function of whisking frequency for a representative animal. A and B: examples of whisking at 2 frequencies, with the nervous system “intact,” to illustrate that the relative phase between activation of the intrinsic vs. extrinsic muscles does not vary with frequency. C: distribution of phase lags (n 603 whisking bouts); a value 0 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-center-frequency-and-full-bandwidth-of-the-1egjsr5p.png TABLE 2. Center frequency and full bandwidth of the probability distribution function for whisking https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-distribution-of-amplitudes-calculated-as-the-2vd1i6q8.png FIG. 10. The distribution of amplitudes, calculated as the square root of spectral power at the whisking frequency, in the intrinsic vs. extrinsic muscles. The power was normalized by the maximum value obtained for the complete set of trials, typically 100 bouts that were 1 s in duration, in a given recording session. A: amplitude of the rectified ƒEMG for the intrinsic muscles as a function of frequency for animals with an intact nervous system (n 2,229 bouts across 4 animals). The solid curve is a fit to the average amplitude as a function of frequency. Note that the normalized amplitude for this muscle group falls-off at high frequencies. B: amplitude of the ƒEMG for the extrinsic muscles as a function of frequency (all conditions as in A). Note that the normalized amplitude for this muscle group falls off sharply above 10 Hz. C: amplitude of the ƒEMG for the intrinsic muscles vs. that for the extrinsic muscles. The solid curves are contours of constant normalized amplitude drawn at intervals of 0.12 with the 1st contour at 0.12. Note the relative independence of the activity of the intrinsic vs. extrinsic ƒEMG. D–F: amplitude of the ƒEMG for the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles after transection of the IoN (“transected”) as a function of frequency (n 1,706 bouts across 4 animals); the panels are arranged analogously to those for the “intact” case (A–C). Note that the sole effect of transection is that the spread of the amplitude for the extrinsic ƒEMG is narrower for the “transected” case than for the “intact” case (cf. C and F; the cross is a fiducial to aid in comparing the responses). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-the-maze-used-to-train-the-rats-and-3kibnmmk.png FIG. 2. Schematic of the maze used to train the rats and observe their whisking. Animals were free to walk on the figure 8 platform. Aliquots of liquid food were presented through a rotatable tube that was located opposite a perch. The animals had to crane to locate and reach the tube. A high-speed video camera could record vibrissa motion in the area that included the perch and the food tube; a pair of stroboscopic light emitting diodes provided oblique illumination of the head of the animals. https://scispace.com/papers/ribosomes-act-as-cryosensors-in-plants-4esiampmle 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ribosome-mediated-cold-gene-activation-involves-mon9umne.png Figure 4: Ribosome-mediated cold gene activation involves calcium signalling. A: Translational activity correlates with CBF2 gene expression. Seedlings were treated with inhibitors (30 µM, 22°C) or mock treatment (0.1% DMSO, 22°C) for 1 or 2 hours for translation assays and expression analyses, respectively. B: RNA-seq of seedlings after 2 hours of inhibitor, mock or cold (0.1% DMSO, 4°C) treatments. BLA: blasticidin S, ANI: anisomycin, LTM: lactimidomycin, HYG: hygromycin B, VER: verrucarin A, NAR: narciclasine, PHY: phyllanthoside, NAG: nagilactone C, DEO: deoxynivalenol, CRY: cryptopleurine, LYC: lycorine, HHT: homoharringtonine, EDE: edeine A1, KAN: kanamycin, SBI: SBI-0640756, SIL: silvestrol, FUS: fusidic acid. PUR, EDE and FUS treatments in (B) were at 150 µM as they do not induce CBF2 expression at 30 µM. Colours indicate log2 fold-changes in expression relative to mock controls, for clusters from Fig. 2. C: Growth assay of wild-type and https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inhibitors-used-in-this-study-qx8d4vtz.png Table 1: Inhibitors used in this study https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-primers-used-in-this-study-1eim0r5v.png Table 2: Primers used in this study https://scispace.com/papers/riboswitches-the-oldest-mechanism-for-the-regulation-of-gene-4ifynuox37 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-mechanisms-of-the-riboswitch-regulation-involve-khu2z9aj.png Figure 2. The mechanisms of the riboswitch regulation involve the formation of alternative structures. The effector stabilizes the repressing conformation in (a)(i) and (b)(i), whereas in (c)(ii) the repressing conformation folds in the absence of the effector. (a) Attenuation of transcription [via premature termination, (ii)] or translation [via inhibition of initiation, (iii)]. (b) Attenuation of translation involves the direct sequestering of the translation initiation site. (c) Activation via inhibition of premature termination of transcription. The regions involved in alternative interactions are shown in red. Regulatory elements, such as ribosome binding sites (RBS) or poly-U tracts in terminators are shown in green. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-riboswitch-structures-the-structures-of-3bqevuec.png Figure 1. Riboswitch structures. The structures of riboswitches contain conserved base-paired regions and invariant (uppercase) and highly conserved (lowercase) positions, although some parts of the structures are variable (Var) or facultative (Add). The conserved helices are numbered independently P1 through P7, P1 being the base stem; regions identified in early experiments (thi-element and B12-element) are highlighted in bold and in gray, respectively. Abbreviations: Ado-CBL, adenysylcobalamin, FMN, flavin mononucleotide; G, guanine; LYS, lysine; SAM, S-adenosylmethionine; TPP, thiamin pyrophosphate. https://scispace.com/papers/rice-wheat-cropping-systems-in-the-indo-gangetic-plains-zro7x3w75r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-4-comparison-of-bed-versus-flat-planting-of-wheat-in-2qa8lb31.png Fig. 15.4. Comparison of bed versus flat planting of wheat in farmers’ fields in Pantnagar (n = 3) and Karnal (n = 8), India, in 1998/99. https://scispace.com/papers/rice-phenology-mapping-using-novel-target-characterization-4fi4xffa56 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-variations-in-clusters-using-the-mf3cf-scattering-tzjmuocu.png Figure 7. Variations in clusters using the MF3CF scattering power components for the rice growing season with in the extent marked in yellow colour in Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-crop-morphological-characteristics-across-3e2gvt6v.png Figure 2. Crop morphological characteristics across phenological stages https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-producers-and-users-accuracy-of-phenology-stages-of-2v0mz70u.png Table 6. Producer’s and User’s accuracy of phenology stages of rice for MF3CD, U2D and T2 matrix elements using a RF classifier. BF: Bare field, ET: Early tillering, AT: Advanced tillering, B: Booting, F: Flowering, M: Maturity, PA: Producer’s accuracy, UA: User’s accuracy. The results are separately compared with MF3CF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-variation-of-cluster-using-mf3cd-scattering-power-3nbpwlb0.png Figure 11. Variation of cluster using MF3CD scattering power components for the rice growing season with in the extent marked in yellow colour in Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-variation-of-a-1-sin-2thn-and-b-1-sin-2thn-for-thn-2pdwrz8u.png Figure 3. Variation of (a) 1 + sin 2θn and (b) 1− sin 2θn for θn ∈ [−45°, 45°]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-global-measures-for-dp-decomposition-techniques-263w4s4n.png Table 7. Global Measures for DP decomposition techniques https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-confusion-matrices-in-among-different-3184nfai.png Figure 6. The confusion matrices (in %) among different phenological stages of rice (BF: Bare field, ET: Early tillering, AT: Advanced tillering, B: Booting, F: Flowering, M: Maturity). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-confusion-matrices-in-among-different-1785nyqt.png Figure 10. The confusion matrices (in %) among different phenological stages of rice (BF: Bare field, ET: Early tillering, AT: Advanced tillering, B: Booting, F: Flowering, M: Maturity) https://scispace.com/papers/rich-club-connectivity-dominates-assortativity-and-4113rzsodb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-toy-model-to-show-the-dilemma-of-rich-k8ea5k48.png FIG. 2. Color online A toy model to show the dilemma of rich-club definition 18 . Rich nodes c1−c4 have larger degrees and form a subnetwork in which rich nodes are completely connected to one another, so the network has a rich-club according to the definition in 13,16 . But there is no rich-club using the definition in 14 , for c1−c4 are always connected to each other too in its corresponding randomized network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-whether-rich-nodes-a1-and-a2-are-to-be-qcsin2e2.png FIG. 1. Color online a Whether rich nodes a1 and a2 are to be connected will not significantly affect clustering coefficient c, while b whether rich nodes b1 and b2 form a rich-club strongly affects c. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-statistics-of-nine-undirected-networks-number-of-2it82dx9.png TABLE I. Statistics of nine undirected networks: number of nodes n, average degree k , the exponent of degree distribution if the distribution follows a power law: or “−” if not , structural cutoff degree ks= k n 19 , maximal degree kmax, assortativity coefficient r 4 , clustering coefficient c 2 , and average shortest-path length l. SW is the network generated by the small-world model 2 , ER is the network generated by Erdős-Rényi model 20 , PG is the network of U.S. power grid 7 , COND is the network of scientists who work on condensed matter 21 , BA is the network generated by the scale-free model 7 , EPA is the network from the pages linking to www.epa.gov 22 , PFP is the network generated by the model for the Internet topology 23 , AS is the network of the Internet topology at the level of autonomous systems 24 and BOOK is the word adjacency network of text from Darwin’s “The Origin of Species” 25 . The proportion of rich nodes in all the networks is 0.5% except the network of COND. We select less proportion 0.2% nodes as rich nodes in COND because it has larger scale more nodes than other networks. For r, c and l, the first row is the value when rich nodes do not connect to other rich nodes without rich-club , and the second row is the value when rich nodes completely connect to each other with rich-club . https://scispace.com/papers/rich-detectors-for-the-lhcb-experiment-2baputicfh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-of-lhcb-rich-radiators-1j0tqaaq.png Table 1: Performance of LHCb RICH radiators https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-layout-of-the-multianode-pmt-top-and-the-lens-array-1g6pzdq9.png Figure 5: Layout of the multianode PMT (top) and the lens array (bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematics-layout-of-the-lhcb-rich1-left-and-rich2-14ry5f29.png Figure 1: Schematics layout of the LHCb RICH1 (left) and RICH2 (right) detectors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cherenkov-ring-produced-by-120-gev-c-pions-in-air-n8s1vapr.png Figure 4: Cherenkov ring produced by 120 GeV/c pions in air radiator using a 40 mm Pixel HPD prototype. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cross-section-view-of-the-pad-hpd-envelope-top-328clpy2.png Figure 2: Cross section view of the pad HPD envelope (top). Below are the baseplate, printed ceramic board and silicon sensor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-k-p-separation-in-s-as-a-function-of-momentum-for-22c8mjo0.png Figure 6: K/π separation (in σ) as a function of momentum for RICH1, RICH2 and both. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pad-hpd-pulse-height-where-the-first-4-54gz2hjc.png Figure 3: Pad HPD pulse height where the first 4 photoelectron peak are clearly seen. https://scispace.com/papers/rich-polymorphic-variants-of-alpha-satellite-34mer-higher-2o9w56716u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-alpha-satellite-arrays-in-centromeric-o7iej5fc.png Table 1 Alpha satellite arrays in centromeric/pericentromeric region of hg38 109 sequence of human chromosome Y obtained using ALPHAsub algorithm 110 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-heatmap-for-divergence-of-consensus-monomer-types-a0u30wyl.png Fig. 4 Heatmap for divergence of consensus monomer types among domains: (a) 471 HOR consensus monomers in domains I vs. II, (b) HOR consensus monomers in 472 domains I vs. III, (c) HOR consensus monomers in domains II vs. III, (d) non-HOR 473 monomer array in domain II vs III (b1 vs c1 from Fig 3). We conveniently adjust the 474 starting monomers within consensus HOR copies. The positions of the same type 475 monomers in domains I vs. II, I vs. III, and II vs. III lie on diagonal. It is obvious that 476 monomers m15 and m16 in domains I and II have no monomer counterparts (below 5% 477 identity) in domain III which corresponds the HOR schemes from Fig 3. The array of 8 478 inserted monomers in domain II (b1 in Fig 3b) is similar (up to 5%) to array of 8 inserted 479 monomers in domain III (c1 in Fig 3c). 480 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ideogram-of-alpha-satellite-hor-arrays-in-domains-i-1aelv3d6.png Fig. 1 Ideogram of alpha satellite HOR arrays in domains I.-III. of hg38 assembly in 434 centromeric/pericentromeric region of human chromosome Y. Enumeration of HOR 435 array positions refers to hg38 assembly. NS denotes gaps in hg38 assembly. 436 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-grm-diagram-for-domain-i-of-hg38-assembly-of-human-1au04pvf.png Fig. 2 GRM diagram for domain I: of hg38 assembly of human chromosome Y. The 439 pronounced peak at 5,786 bp corresponds to 34/36mer HOR. Since the average length of 440 alpha satellite monomer is ~171 bp, the 5,786 bp peak in GRM diagram of human Y 441 chromosome corresponds to n ~ 5,786 bp / 171 bp ~ 33.8 ~ 34 monomers. This is close to 442 the previous length estimates of 5.7 kb [3] and 5.8 kb [4] for the major HOR in human 443 chromosome Y. 444 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-canonical-alpha-satellite-34mer-hor-and-its-xcjmzssp.png Table 2 Canonical alpha satellite 34mer HOR and its polymorphic variants in 143 domains I-III of hg38 assembly of human chromosome Y 144 https://scispace.com/papers/richter-syndrome-in-chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia-1wtye6clrb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-decision-points-for-diagnosis-and-management-of-rs-xxio47xh.png Figure 1. Decision points for diagnosis and management of RS https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-key-clinical-trials-for-the-treatment-of-1r189tbi.png Table 1. Summary of key clinical trials for the treatment of RS https://scispace.com/papers/ridge-regression-technique-to-determine-the-environmental-1pi30t4kvl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variance-inflation-factor-for-regression-2ze7hj2g.png Table 2 Variance inflation factor for regression coefficients for biasing constants k = 0.0, k = 0.40 and k = 0.45 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ridge-trace-of-estimated-standardized-regression-3u3pv9z9.png Figure 1 Ridge trace of estimated standardized regression coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlation-matrix-among-the-environmental-2djm73xl.png Table 1 Correlation matrix among the environmental variablesa https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-least-squares-and-ridge-estimate-of-the-standardized-vcdhyeu1.png Table 3 Least squares and ridge estimate of the standardized regression coefficients https://scispace.com/papers/rifampicin-exposure-reveals-within-host-mycobacterium-2gyz6jrhi9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mtb-variants-identified-emerging-from-persistent-2yfwyj3t.png Table 1. Mtb variants identified emerging from persistent clinical isolates and after 4 weeks of exposure to 1x MIC RIF in vitro. 129 https://scispace.com/papers/rifting-and-shallow-dipping-detachments-clues-from-the-uzyfx6u04g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-two-different-extreme-interpretations-1rd36jtk.png Figure 2: Comparison of two different extreme interpretations of the active Corinth Rift and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-cross-section-along-the-coast-near-kolympithra-on-m43a4g4q.png Figure 10: Cross-section along the coast near Kolympithra on the NE coast of Tinos. The https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-complete-crustal-section-of-the-corinth-rift-2eehpuy5.png Figure 8: A complete crustal-section of the Corinth Rift using informations taken in exhumed deep equivalent of the Cyclades (see text for explanantion). Left is a scheme of the strength of such a profile with the three low-strength levels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-photograph-of-steep-normal-faults-cutting-the-1540oyoz.png Figure 9: Photograph of steep normal faults cutting the hangingwall of the Tinos detachment (near Livada beach). The obvious normal faults all dip toward the northeast suggesting a component of top-to-the-northeast shear compatible with the kinematic indicators in the footwall. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-tectonic-map-of-the-aegean-region-showing-the-30ni2vd0.png Figure 3: A: tectonic map of the Aegean region showing the main faults, and the main HP-LT metamorphic units of Cenozoic age, the Cycladic Blueschists and the PhylliteQuartzite nappe. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-restored-cross-section-of-the-upper-crustal-portion-1powayd6.png Figure 7: Restored cross-section of the upper crustal portion of the Corinth Rift. This part of the section has been balanced using the Pindos-Gavrovo-Tripolitza interface as a reference line. All blocks between normal faults are rigid except the block north of the Tsivlos fault that has been distorted to take into account the roll-over structure. https://scispace.com/papers/right-handed-14-helix-in-b3-peptides-from-l-aspartic-acid-492m2ivy0s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-structures-of-2-in-tfe-a-and-water-b-and-3-in-tfe-c-1yccbbay.png Fig. 8. Structures of 2 in TFE (a) and water (b), and 3 in TFE (c) and water (d) obtained by MD simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2d-noesy-of-3-peptide-1-in-tfe-showing-the-long-range-2yw1grda.png Fig. 4. 2D NOESY of 3-peptide 1 in TFE showing the long range NOEs, CH(i)-CH(i+3) characteristic of 14-helix conformation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-solution-structure-of-3-hexapeptide-1-in-tfe-obtained-2wcdj99r.png Fig. 5. Solution structure of 3-hexapeptide 1 in TFE obtained by NMR and MD simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-shift-assignments-for-3-hexapeptide-1-18gckzuc.png Table 1. Chemical shift assignments for 3-hexapeptide 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-structure-calculation-statistics-for-3-hexapeptide-1-12yjnths.png Table 2. Structure calculation statistics for 3-hexapeptide 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-snapshots-from-md-simulation-of-3-peptide-1-in-water-xn06oigm.png Fig. 7. Snapshots from MD simulation of 3-peptide 1 in water. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-chemical-structure-of-3-peptide-from-l-aspartic-acid-31xrko4u.png Fig. 1. (a) Chemical structure of 3-peptide from L-aspartic acid monomers (left) and 3- peptides from 3-amino acids derived from natural L-amino acids (right). (b) Chemical structure of 3-peptides from L-aspartic acid monomers (1, 2, and 3) studied here. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-rmsd-of-3-peptide-1-during-md-simulation-in-tfe-a-and-3lsyepdg.png Fig. 6. RMSD of 3-peptide 1 during MD simulation in TFE (a) and water (b). RMSD was calculated with respect to the initial NMR structure in TFE obtained from CYANA. https://scispace.com/papers/right-sided-representational-neglect-after-left-brain-damage-1rjd48iecl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ct-scans-29piy415.png Figure 1: CT scans https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-general-neuropsychological-11bhwm1x.png Table 1. Overview of the general neuropsychological assessment https://scispace.com/papers/rights-protection-for-categorical-data-ijyozp1ohe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-handling-extreme-multiset-partitioning-2omg8r82.png Fig. 13. Handling extreme multiset partitioning. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-embedding-algorithm-b-alternative-using-embedding-f5ldvek9.png Fig. 3. (a) Embedding algorithm. (b) Alternative using embedding map (bit size adjustments omitted). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-data-quality-is-continuously-evaluated-a-backtrack-29ynekzg.png Fig. 11. Data quality is continuously evaluated. A backtrack log aids undo operations in cases where the watermark embedding would violate quality constraints (see also [24]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-extended-algorithm-a-awareness-of-previous-values-is-10o25850.png Fig. 10. Extended Algorithm: (a) Awareness of previous values is included in the low-impact encoding (the val seen cnt hash-table). (b) Handling correlation detection through multiple layers of embeddings (embedding algorithm shown, base decoding is similar to Fig. 5a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-a-the-watermark-alteration-surface-with-varying-c-28hegxui.png Fig. 16. (a) The watermark alteration surface with varying c (watermark modifications) and attack size. Note the lower-left to upper-right tilt. (b) The watermark degrades almost linearly with increasing data loss. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-a-embedding-time-dependency-as-a-function-of-e-and-n-jp0azxzj.png Fig. 17. (a) Embedding time dependency as a function of e and N. (b) Detection time requirements are similar to embedding and linear in the size of the data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-a-the-watermark-degrades-gracefully-with-increasing-2nk4gbvm.png Fig. 15. (a) The watermark degrades gracefully with increasing attack size (e ¼ 65). (b) More available bandwidth (decreasing e) results in a higher attack resilience. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-digital-watermarking-conceals-an-indelible-rights-2h774nvd.png Fig. 1. (a)Digital Watermarking conceals an indelible “rights witness” (“rights signature,” watermark) within the digitalWork to be protected. (b) In court, a detection process is deployed to prove the existence of this “witness” beyond reasonable doubt (confidence level) and, thus, assess ownership. https://scispace.com/papers/rigidity-effects-for-antiferromagnetic-thin-films-a-e6xpzur70j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-optimal-transition-between-1-1-and-1-1-2mpyc4ja.png Figure 4: an optimal transition between (1, 1) and (−1,−1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-an-optimal-transitions-between-1-1-and-1-1-25qbwk4s.png Figure 5: an optimal transitions between (1, 1) and (−1, 1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-disordered-minimizer-in-a-portion-of-the-dkkeqc7b.png Figure 1: a ‘disordered’ minimizer in a portion of the triangular lattice (black and white dots represent −1 and +1 values, respectively) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-three-layer-thin-film-with-reference-axes-20431zwn.png Figure 8: three-layer thin film with reference axes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-optimal-transitions-between-1-1-and-1-1-3blek7ol.png Figure 6: optimal transitions between (1, 1) and (1,−1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-split-optimal-transitions-between-1-1-and-1-1-3o113v3l.png Figure 7: split optimal transitions between (1, 1) and (1,−1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-non-periodic-minimizer-14l53qw5.png Figure 9: a non-periodic minimizer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-layer-thin-film-with-reference-axes-298t16l5.png Figure 2: two-layer thin film with reference axes https://scispace.com/papers/rigorous-expressions-for-the-equivalent-edge-currents-ya7kh1rqh8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-edge-diffracted-wave-2ycwhftf.png Figure 7. Edge diffracted wave. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-diffraction-geometry-for-the-reflected-diffracted-24nfi02c.png Figure 4. Diffraction geometry for the reflected diffracted waves. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-geometry-of-the-finite-edge-18yp8bfq.png Figure 5. Geometry of the finite edge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-compensation-of-the-edge-diffracted-wave-3vf1fpow.png Figure 8. Compensation of the edge diffracted wave. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geometry-of-the-half-plane-2bjugo5j.png Figure 1. Geometry of the half-plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-general-geometry-for-the-edge-diffraction-1jzncitn.png Figure 2. General geometry for the edge diffraction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-discontinuity-of-the-edge-diffracted-wave-1zblsb9a.png Figure 6. Discontinuity of the edge diffracted wave. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-edge-diffraction-geometry-1znc3xh4.png Figure 3. Edge diffraction geometry. https://scispace.com/papers/rigorous-computation-of-topological-entropy-with-respect-to-1havxqixn0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-upper-bounds-for-h-t-a-for-the-3d-logistic-map-kv1hjkvv.png Table 4 Upper bounds for h∗(T ,A) for the 3D logistic map https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-invariant-attracting-sets-for-the-3d-logistic-map-a-3byad386.png Fig. 3. Invariant attracting sets for the 3D logistic map. (a) Plot of a trajectory of T of length 10 000. (b) Rigorous outer box covering of the chain recurrent set. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-upper-bounds-for-h-t-a-for-the-henon-map-1ei436b2.png Table 2 Upper bounds for h∗(T ,A) for the Hénon map https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-upper-bounds-for-h-t-a-for-the-henon-map-371j82je.png Table 3 Upper bounds for h∗(T ,A) for the Hénon map https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-of-a-tree-for-the-storage-of-the-reduced-right-rq8bwqc2.png Fig. 4. Example of a tree for the storage of the reduced right-resolving presentation R. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-upper-bounds-for-h-t-a-for-the-linear-toral-2yz7or1a.png Table 1 Upper bounds for h∗(T ,A) for the linear toral automorphism https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-with-previous-results-a-estimate-of-the-szs4lucm.png Fig. 1. Comparison with previous results. (a) Estimate of the entropy (to base 2) of the logistic mappings x → µx(1 − x) versus µ: method of present paper. (b) Entropy (to base 2) of the logistic mappings x → µx(1 − x) versus µ: figure reproduced from Block et al. [3], with kind permission from Kluwer Academic Publishers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-trimmed-partitions-of-1-5-1-5-x-1-5-1-5-for-26j4j20g.png Fig. 2. Example trimmed partitions of [−1.5, 1.5] × [−1.5, 1.5] for the Hénon map. The horizontal dotted line denotes the boundary of the coarse partition A. https://scispace.com/papers/rigorous-system-design-the-bip-approach-tytk6ayqc7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mjpeg-performance-analysis-results-2mndvwm2.png Fig. 6. Mjpeg Performance Analysis Results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-example-of-a-bip-system-2vqcg73p.png Fig. 2. An example of a BIP system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-d-finder-results-time-left-and-memory-usage-right-as-a-2bfb1f6p.png Fig. 4. D-Finder results: time (left) and memory usage (right) as a function of complexity for i) monolithic verification with NuSMV, ii) compositional verification, iii) incremental verification on two benchmarks, dining philosophers (up) and gas station (down) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mapping-description-of-the-processes-and-the-fifos-4kvzxg6q.png Table 2. Mapping Description of the processes and the FIFOs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mjpeg-decoder-application-software-and-a-mapping-19f87no5.png Fig. 5. MJPEG Decoder application software and a mapping https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-sorting-time-for-different-implementations-of-2am4vgiu.png Table 1. Total sorting time for different implementations of a bitonic sorting algorithm (handwritten or generated, with or without optimisation) deployed on different execution platforms ( m× c denotes m interconnected machines with c cores each) on unsorted arrays of size k × 104 elements https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-principle-of-translating-application-software-p3ken09f.png Fig. 3. Principle of translating application software https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bip-design-flow-203o6yrl.png Fig. 1. BIP Design Flow https://scispace.com/papers/riley-2-a-flexible-platform-for-codesign-and-dynamic-5gpwhhjt70 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-riley-2-board-yp0rt5jx.png Fig. 1. Riley-2 board https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-image-processing-application-setup-1estrb0w.png Fig. 2. Riley-2 block diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simple-cedar-threshold-program-35ach901.png Fig. 4. Simple Cedar threshold program https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-inner-loop-of-software-program-1kfepdcg.png Fig. 5. Inner loop of software program https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-riley-2-block-diagram-1i7kch61.png Fig. 2. Riley-2 block diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-pictorial-representation-of-vhdl-circuit-description-oritgu4h.png Fig. 6. Pictorial representation of VHDL circuit description produced from Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-high-level-compilation-route-1p76fub8.png Fig. 3. High level compilation route https://scispace.com/papers/rimom-a-dynamic-multistrategy-ontology-alignment-framework-4y414jq7zp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-alignment-result-examples-29l5i1yo.png TABLE 1 Alignment Result Examples https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ontology-similarity-example-3w50ytb2.png TABLE 2 Ontology Similarity Example https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-of-dlg-o-and-spg-o-3iw7nsl7.png Fig. 4. Example of DLG O and SPG O. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-experimental-results-of-strategy-selection-percent-32npk1ef.png TABLE 6 Experimental Results of Strategy Selection (Percent) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-comparison-with-other-participants-oi34swzs.png TABLE 7 Comparison with Other Participants https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-snippet-of-ontology-definition-1knx1y6a.png Fig. 1. Snippet of ontology definition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-relationship-with-several-classical-methods-1mq73u39.png TABLE 8 Relationship with Several Classical Methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-description-of-benchmark-data-set-jy6jl0cr.png TABLE 3 Description of Benchmark Data Set https://scispace.com/papers/ring-constrained-join-deriving-fair-middleman-locations-from-551u5maeuk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spatial-queries-on-r-trees-2k2mcns9.png Figure 2: Spatial Queries on R-trees https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-spatial-join-types-nj1erddk.png Table 1: Summary of Spatial Join Types https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-geometric-construction-of-lemma-1-1rxlish4.png Figure 4: Geometric Construction of Lemma 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-geometric-construction-of-lemma-5-1ovkvaus.png Figure 9: Geometric Construction of Lemma 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-real-datasets-38b9s0eh.png Table 2: Summary of Real Datasets https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-join-combinations-3dmr0aj9.png Table 3: Join Combinations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-locations-of-p-in-unpruned-region-ps-q-p-qvqgncvi.png Figure 5: Locations of p′ in Unpruned Region Ψ+(q, p) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-the-effect-of-number-of-clusters-w-p-q-200k-3q7eizus.png Figure 18: The Effect of Number of Clusters w, |P | = |Q| = 200K, Synthetic Gaussian Data https://scispace.com/papers/ring-polymers-in-melts-and-solutions-scaling-and-crossover-1nac2bjn77 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-plots-of-free-energy-as-a-function-of-r-2r8ggqkb.png FIG. 1 (color online). Plots of free energy as a function of R for the short ringBN=g1 ¼ 0:4 (left) and long ringBN=g1 ¼ 10 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-dependence-of-the-self-density-s-and-the-bd76wnkf.png FIG. 3 (color online). Dependence of the self-density s and the number of neighboring rings NR on the chain length N (semilogarithmic plot). s decreases from s ’ 3=8g 1=21 at N ¼ g1 toward ð R¼1Þs ’ 3=8g 1=22 at N >N , whereas NR increases from NR ’ 5=8g1=21 at N ¼ g1 toward Nð R¼1ÞR ’ 5=8g1=22 at N >N . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-normalized-plot-of-the-ring-size-r-2-as-a-392g0u2i.png FIG. 2 (color online). Normalized plot of the ring size R= 2 as a function of the chain length N=g2 (double logarithmic scale). https://scispace.com/papers/ring-structures-and-mean-first-passage-time-in-networks-4a044j4cn3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-ring-degree-average-degrees-of-nodes-belonging-tnienurd.png FIG. 2: Average ring degree: average degrees of nodes belonging to different rings are shown in function of rings’ distances for an ER random graph (N = 104 nodes and 〈k〉 = 6). A dependence on ring’s distance appears clearly, as predicted by theory. Results for different values of k(s) are shown (predictions shown only for the case k(s) = 6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-first-passage-time-distributions-fpt-probability-1jt8v9s3.png FIG. 3: First passage time distributions: FPT probability distributions both measured and calculated for an ER graph with 〈k〉 = 6 are presented for different values of k(s). Theoretical predictions are in excellent agreement with data of random walk on a single graph. Theoretical curves are obtained with eq.(3), and fit the relation Fk(s)(t) = (1/τ )exp(−t/τ ) with τ obtained with eq.(4). In the inset the first part of the distribution is showed in more detail. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-first-passage-times-in-upper-graph-mfpt-both-1rl0f4q0.png FIG. 4: Mean first passage times: in upper graph MFPT both measured and calculated (using eq.(4)) are reported for an ER graph of size N = 103 with 〈k〉 = 6. Error bars on measured values are not visible on the scale of the graph. The line τ (k(s)) ≃ τ (1) × k(s)−1 is also plotted. It holds τ (1)sim = 7413 and τ (1)calc = 7164 for values obtained respectively from simulations and from calculation. It can be noted that the order of magnitude of τ (1) is given by 2M , where M is the total number of links in the graph; in our case we have 2M ≃ 〈k〉 ×N = 6000. In lower graph the fractional error e, defined as the ratio between simulated and calculated MFPTs, is reported. https://scispace.com/papers/riots-and-social-capital-in-urban-india-4w9c3qs7wy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-differences-in-social-capital-variables-separated-by-3qo8pfqv.png Table 1: Differences in social capital variables separated by whether at least 30% of neighbourhood reports a riot https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-riot-on-social-capital-3jhu4vc0.png Table 2: Effect of riot on social capital https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-riot-interacted-with-belonging-to-major-z5hm02a5.png Table 4: Effect of riot interacted with belonging to major caste/religious group on social capital https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impact-effects-of-riot-exposure-on-participating-in-by30ur2u.png Figure 4: Impact effects of riot exposure on participating in discussions conditional on: (a) fractionalization (b) polarization https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-impact-effects-of-riot-exposure-on-trust-in-1hd7edrk.png Figure 3: Impact effects of riot exposure on trust in neighbours conditional on: (a) fractionalization (b) polarization https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-impact-effects-of-riot-exposure-on-belonging-to-an-fpi0gte8.png Figure 2: Impact effects of riot exposure on belonging to an organization conditional on: (a) fractionalization (b) polarization https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-dependent-variable-willingness-to-give-3npx4w1d.png Table 5: Dependent variable: willingness to give https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proportion-of-self-reported-riots-in-each-1bwylo1d.png Figure 1: Proportion of self–reported riots in each neighbourhood https://scispace.com/papers/ripple-filter-for-the-10-000a-superconducting-magnet-test-3m7mez165v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-maximum-values-due-to-steu-input-3ftnadn2.png Table 2: Maximum values due to steu input https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3b-magnet-current-overshoot-vv59hbl8.png Figure 3b: Magnet current overshoot https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3a-power-supply-output-current-1v6rncfr.png Figure 3b: Magnet current overshoot https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-was-used-to-choose-the-capacitors-also-from-table-1-2zp84lm6.png Table 1 was used to choose the capacitors also. From Table 1 it can be seen that the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-circuit-for-testing-the-dump-e4i5498t.png Figure 4: Circuit for testing the dump https://scispace.com/papers/rising-income-inequality-do-not-draw-the-obvious-conclusions-4krbt093us 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-panel-data-regressions-results-3actiauf.png Table 1 Panel data regressions results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gini-index-gross-population-weighted-index-1y3coiwa.png Figure 1 Gini index (gross), population weighted Index https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gini-index-net-population-weighted-index-1lqypg3i.png Figure 2 Gini index (net), population weighted Index https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-higher-net-income-inequality-associates-with-lower-kv8wpkuq.png Figure 6 Higher net income inequality associates with lower intergenerational earnings mobility https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-human-development-index-population-weighted-index-lyq0jcoi.png Figure 4 Human Development Index, population weighted Index https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effects-of-redistribution-on-gross-income-quzffsux.png Figure 3 Effects of redistribution on gross income inequality https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dynamics-in-income-redistribution-selected-advanced-1sv0sjlo.png Figure 5 Dynamics in income redistribution, selected advanced economies https://scispace.com/papers/rising-to-the-challenge-a-model-of-contest-performance-1ojybheq72 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-contest-engagement-framework-v3et8jc9.png Figure 2 : Contest engagement framework. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-of-contest-engagement-and-performance-tpekq4n2.png Figure 1 : Model of contest engagement and performance. https://scispace.com/papers/rising-wage-inequality-the-decline-of-collective-bargaining-448a3uf2zp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-descriptive-statistics-males-3ooatqug.png Table 6: Descriptive statistics: males https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-unconditional-log-wages-and-gender-wage-gap-firm-170yc5vr.png Figure 4: Unconditional log-wages and gender wage gap: Firm agreements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-overall-gender-wage-gap-1vyc4lbg.png Figure 5: Overall gender wage gap https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-real-log-wage-distributions-and-gender-differentials-37xmy6wo.png Table 2: Real log wage distributions and gender differentials, selected quantiles https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-descriptive-statistics-females-1su3x73b.png Table 7: Descriptive statistics: females https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sequential-decomposition-at-selected-quantiles-12hzbscg.png Table 3: Sequential decomposition at selected quantiles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-log-wages-of-males-and-females-and-development-of-2af7r4e0.png Figure 1: Log-wages of males and females and development of gender wage gap https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-unconditional-log-wages-and-gender-wage-gap-ojiubuhp.png Figure 3: Unconditional log wages and gender wage gap: Sectoral agreements https://scispace.com/papers/risk-and-ambiguity-aversion-behavior-in-index-based-11kgxu8pew 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1b-ambiguity-aversion-t-3rpu2clv.png Table 1B Ambiguity aversion ( τ ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1a-risk-aversion-e-15tw9t8v.png Table 1B Ambiguity aversion ( τ ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-heterogeneous-effects-of-risk-and-ambiguity-aversion-2qxdph8s.png Table 6 Heterogeneous effects of risk and ambiguity aversion on categories of adopters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-of-ibi-adopter-and-non-adopter-1oodpehg.png Table 2 Summary statistics of IBI adopter and non-adopter households. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effects-of-risk-and-ambiguity-aversion-on-number-of-3101z9ic.png Table 5 Effects of risk and ambiguity aversion on number of IBI policy purchased (Tobit estimates). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-of-risk-and-ambiguity-aversion-on-oiy99b52.png Table 3 Effects of risk and ambiguity aversion on probability of IBI adoption. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-interaction-effects-among-risk-aversion-ambiguity-16c6xceb.png Table 7 Interaction effects among risk aversion, ambiguity aversion and year of adoption. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effects-of-risk-and-ambiguity-aversion-on-intensity-21ebb0h9.png Table 4 Effects of risk and ambiguity aversion on intensity of IBI adoption. https://scispace.com/papers/risk-and-price-in-the-bidding-process-of-contractors-4tpaon1dxd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analysis-of-the-chronology-record-of-observations-in-2bmpgkxm.png Table 2 Analysis of the chronology record of observations in Delta https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bidding-process-stages-and-activities-3pwxa1yn.png Table 3 Bidding process stages and activities https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-analysis-of-the-chronology-record-of-activity-309uma1p.png Table 1 Analysis of the chronology record of activity observations in Gamma https://scispace.com/papers/risk-and-loss-aversion-price-uncertainty-and-the-16ngx80a7t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-respondents-ykjw7ty8.png Table 2: Summary statistics respondents. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relation-between-the-search-cost-s-and-the-35kkev4v.png Figure 2: Relation between the search cost s and the reservation price r(s) for consumers with risk neutral (panel a), risk averse (panel b), and loss averse (panel c) risk attitudes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-order-in-which-situations-were-presented-2m8xh6xb.png Table B.1: Order in which situations were presented https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-wtp-for-continued-search-under-risk-aversion-cara-3no7zxao.png Table 1: WTP for continued search under risk aversion (CARA exponential utility u(z, γ) = − 1γ e −γz) and loss aversion (linear gain-loss utility with weight η = 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-price-distribution-with-high-panels-a-and-c-n-15-2jttnpyo.png Figure 1: A price distribution with high (panels a and c: N(15, 5)) and low (b and d: N(15, 2)) price variation. The currently observed price is either low (a and b: pL = 10) or high (c and d: pH = 20). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ranking-of-willingness-to-pay-on-the-subject-level-32tszelf.png Table 4: Ranking of willingness to pay on the subject level https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-3av3b836.png Table 3: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-2-situation-1-100-firms-the-bars-denote-the-number-27dlm029.png Figure C.2: Situation 1. 100 firms. The bars denote the number of firms that charges a given price. The firm you have just visited offers this product at a price of e10. https://scispace.com/papers/risk-assessment-and-profit-sharing-in-business-networks-tjz9srmy8m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-evaluation-of-p-a-1opktz4v.png Table 7 Evaluation of p(A). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-approaches-for-managing-network-direct-performance-z7hvg5hv.png Fig. 2. Approaches for managing network direct performance risk (Tang, 2006). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bp-sub-factors-assessment-r-15fqf8yi.png Table 3 bP sub-factors assessment r. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-input-data-for-the-numerical-example-29sum20j.png Table 5 Input data for the numerical example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-network-risk-decomposition-lo-nigro-et-al-2007-2v0b7qdc.png Fig. 1. Network risk decomposition (Lo Nigro et al., 2007). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-br-sub-factors-1rvp6d8a.png Table 1 bR sub-factors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-br-sub-factors-assessment-292cmzp2.png Table 2 bR sub-factors assessment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-characteristic-function-1icansta.png Table 6 Characteristic function. https://scispace.com/papers/risk-aversion-in-agricultural-water-management-investments-11eh0dqt0w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-biophysical-and-socioeconomic-characteristics-of-1vhbd58r.png Table 1. Biophysical and socioeconomic characteristics of Nyangua and Duko with respect to other villages in the same district and district averages. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-the-two-communities-surveyed-in-northern-2u59b1sc.png Figure 1: Map of the two communities surveyed in Northern Ghana https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-ordered-probit-models-of-risk-aversion-2tdtzbp9.png Table 8. Ordered probit models of risk aversion https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-gamma-and-taub-tests-for-equivalence-of-risk-1iptdnqj.png Table 6. Gamma and taub tests for equivalence of risk preferences for gains-only and gains-and-loss games. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-median-levels-of-risk-aversion-1uftgfm1.png Table 7. Median levels of risk aversion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-distribution-of-risk-averting-behavior-by-set-hgnf5tri.png Table 5. Distribution of risk averting behavior by set (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-distribution-of-perceptions-on-riskiness-of-land-and-rz9gno5w.png Table 4. Distribution of perceptions on riskiness of land and water management investments (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-n-137-94ev31hs.png Table 2. Descriptive statistics (n=137) https://scispace.com/papers/risk-assessment-using-transfer-learning-for-grassland-fires-1ej3xbfikp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-adjusted-meteorological-factor-lookup-table-174-sduxw9mp.png Table 2 Adjusted meteorological factor lookup table 174 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-spatial-distribution-of-grassland-fire-risk-and-32vderp6.png Fig. 4. The spatial distribution of grassland fire risk and selected samples in Xilingol (a), and the 358 grassland area and selected samples in Hulunbuir (b). 1, 2, and 3 represent low, medium, and high risk, 359 respectively. 360 361 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-principal-components-of-grassland-fire-risk-371-35nwv0la.png Fig. 6. The principal components of grassland fire risk 371 Based on the selected factors and transfer learning method proposed in this study, the spatial 372 distribution of grassland fire risk in the Hulunbuir grassland is shown in Fig. 7. Fig. 7 shows that the 373 high grassland fire risk is mainly distributed on the edge of the Hulunbuir grassland. The high-risk 374 areas in the middle areas are dispersed. The risk of grassland fire in the northern part of the Hulunbuir 375 grassland is higher than that in the southern region (Fig. 7). 376 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-single-meteorological-factor-lookup-table-172-1pg3vnco.png Table 1 Single meteorological factor lookup table 172 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rating-values-and-classes-assigned-to-factors-for-3f83hwoe.png Table 3 Rating values and classes assigned to factors for grassland fire risk. 219 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-reliability-of-predicted-results-based-on-transfer-2bt5lvbn.png Table 4 Reliability of predicted results based on transfer learning in the Hulunbuir grassland (for 400 P<0.05) 401 https://scispace.com/papers/risk-aversion-min-period-retiming-under-process-variations-14ssaz9dpz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-comparison-between-deterministic-approach-fvikikw7.png TABLE I RESULTS COMPARISON BETWEEN DETERMINISTIC APPROACH AND OUR ALGORITHM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-results-in-terms-of-timing-yield-jucur5dy.png TABLE II RESULTS IN TERMS OF TIMING YIELD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-incremental-risk-aversion-retiming-algorithm-15eo2cqs.png Fig. 3. The Incremental Risk Aversion Retiming algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-increretime-subroutine-adapted-from-the-iminarea-1610y7a0.png Fig. 2. The IncreRetime subroutine adapted from the iMinArea algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-computesubgrad-subroutine-1xoy2ccu.png Fig. 1. The ComputeSubgrad subroutine. https://scispace.com/papers/risk-based-pricing-of-interest-rates-in-household-loan-3ttyjdizbc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-attitudinal-variables-vs-debt-50o5io8n.png Table 2. Attitudinal variables vs. debt https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimated-effects-of-risk-based-pricing-2n4uaq6c.png Figure 3. Estimated Effects of Risk−Based Pricing https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-declaration-of-bankruptcy-unconditional-probability-1ukj7tni.png Table 4. Declaration of Bankruptcy, Unconditional Probability https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-predicted-bankruptcy-rates-in-fractions-within-two-1xo3vaqh.png Table 5. Predicted bankruptcy rates (in fractions) within two years of survey date https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-declaration-of-bankruptcy-conditional-probability-2lwzpwjv.png Table 3. Declaration of Bankruptcy, Conditional Probability https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-default-risk-premium-spreads-3ozazrvt.png Table 10. Default Risk Premium Spreads https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-interest-rates-moments-by-origination-year-and-risk-3a7ps019.png Table 9. Interest Rates Moments by Origination Year and Risk Classes over Time https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-predicted-probability-of-late-payments-in-fractions-36dkl5le.png Table 8. Predicted Probability of Late Payments (in fractions) https://scispace.com/papers/risk-disclosure-behaviour-evidence-from-the-uk-extractive-239cm4glcl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-quantdis-form-of-regulation-regulation-riskprof-277dzt9o.png TABLE 4: QUANTDIS (FORM OF REGULATION) = REGULATION: RISKPROF; LOGTA; EXCH; USLIST; LEV; AUDIT; LOGVIS https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-qualdis-form-of-regulation-regulation-riskprof-logta-r9ahq9om.png TABLE 5 QUALDIS [FORM OF REGULATION] = REGULATION; RISKPROF; LOGTA; EXCH; USLIST; LEV; AUDIT; LOGVIS https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-quantdis-form-of-regulation-for-production-and-25doyaab.png TABLE 6: QUANTDIS (FORM OF REGULATION) FOR PRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT COMPANIES SEPARATELY = REGULATION; LOGTA; EXCH; USLIST; LEV; AUDIT; LOGVIS https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-analysis-se7lxb8x.png Table 2: Descriptive analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-qualdis-form-of-regulation-for-production-and-2pal5c2v.png TABLE 7: QUALDIS [FORM OF REGULATION] FOR PRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT COMPANIES = REGULATION; LOGTA; EXCH; USLIST; LEV; AUDIT; LOGVIS https://scispace.com/papers/risk-classification-for-claim-counts-a-comparative-analysis-ccuy481ude 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-comparison-of-models-for-the-spanish-data-set-vuong-16w5v8db.png Table 14: Comparison of models for the Spanish data set - Vuong Test https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mixed-poisson-fits-to-the-spanish-data-set-25z23aqw.png Table 3: Mixed Poisson fits to the Spanish data set. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-hurdle-fit-to-the-spanish-data-set-positive-parts-a7u9a986.png Table 6: Hurdle fit to the Spanish data set - Positive parts https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-hurdle-fit-to-the-spanish-data-set-zero-parts-1ctc7ij9.png Table 5: Hurdle fit to the Spanish data set - Zero parts https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-binary-variables-summarizing-the-information-9orkhq6k.png Table 1: Binary variables summarizing the information available about each policyholder. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-comparison-of-a-priori-claim-frequencies-19j1bcsb.png Table 9: Comparison of a priori claim frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-observed-claim-counts-versus-poisson-fit-29rapggb.png Table 2: Observed claim counts versus Poisson fit. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-comparison-of-models-for-the-spanish-data-set-b3b7a4m7.png Table 11: Comparison of models for the Spanish data set - Hurdle Models https://scispace.com/papers/risk-estimation-via-weighted-regression-28g4xssgl9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-approximations-in-the-one-3b5tjkbq.png Figure 3: Illustration of approximations in the one-dimensional example. The vertical axis shows the portfolio loss, either true or estimated, and the horizontal axis represents the underlying asset price Sτ (ω) at time τ . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-the-mean-squared-error-in-the-10-2vhcjusn.png Figure 2: Illustration of the mean squared error in the 10-dimensional example. The vertical axis shows the mean squared error, and the horizontal axis represents the total number of inner stage samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-mean-squared-error-in-the-one-2avui3lf.png Figure 1: Illustration of the mean squared error in the one-dimensional example. The vertical axis shows the mean squared error, and the horizontal axis represents the total number of inner stage samples. https://scispace.com/papers/risk-factors-for-bleeding-after-gastric-endoscopic-24k9ws05tm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-significant-risk-factors-for-post-procedural-3vz4wua3.png Figure 2. Significant risk factors for post-procedural bleeding after gastric ESD. In the first column, the numbers between parentheses refer to the number of studies used in the calculation of odds ratio. LCL, lower confidence limit (95%); UCL, upper confidence limit (95%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-forrest-plot-of-ppb-rate-according-to-lesion-h0hbo9m3.png Figure 4. Forrest plot of PPB rate according to lesion morphology (flat/depressed vs elevated). Flat/depressed morphology was significantly associated with PPB in the meta-analysis (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.12-1.84; I2 Z 32%). PPB, post-procedural bleeding. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-forrest-plot-of-ppb-rate-according-to-1r0ycyfy.png Figure 3. Forrest plot of PPB rate according to antithrombotic medication. Antithrombotic medication was associated with a significantly increased risk of PPB (pooled OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.30-2.03; I2 Z 1%). On subgroup analysis, antithrombotic medication was not significantly associated with PPB in studies that withheld antithrombotics for 1 week before and after ESD (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, .88-1.70; I2 Z 0%). PPB, postprocedural bleeding. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-of-included-studies-1qn0wy99.png Figure 1. Flowchart of included studies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-general-characteristics-of-included-studies-2sbadben.png TABLE 1. General characteristics of included studies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-forrest-plot-of-ppb-rate-according-to-localization-1kmye5ml.png Figure 5. Forrest plot of PPB rate according to localization (upper vs lower). Localization of the lesion in upper or lower thirds of the stomach was not found to influence PPB (ORupper localization Z 1.06; 95% CI, .75-1.48; I 2 Z 41%). However, in subgroup analysis upper localization was significantly associated with PPB when only studies reporting delayed bleeding were considered (OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.44-4.52; I2 Z 0%). PPB, post-procedural bleeding. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-procedure-related-factors-2saanc1n.png TABLE 4. Procedure-related factors https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-omsmy1q0.png TABLE 1. General characteristics of included studies https://scispace.com/papers/risk-factors-and-associated-outcomes-of-hospital-readmission-59ut5ao4xo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-risk-factors-associated-and-not-associated-with-copd-9qwjrdci.png Table 5. Risk factors associated and not associated with COPD readmission https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-provider-related-risk-factors-for-copd-readmission-cn5miih9.png Table 3. Provider-related risk factors for COPD readmission https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-outcomes-associated-with-copd-readmission-18d1snvg.png Table 6. Outcomes associated with COPD readmission https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-included-studies-1u1g1t16.png Table 1. Characteristics of included studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-system-related-risk-factors-for-copd-readmission-1dcl7e2s.png Table 4. System-related risk factors for COPD readmission https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-patient-related-socioeconomic-risk-factors-for-copd-t0phm1q3.png Table 2a. Patient-related socioeconomic risk factors for COPD readmission https://scispace.com/figures/table-2b-patient-related-clinical-risk-factors-for-copd-18f5pjo6.png Table 2a. Patient-related socioeconomic risk factors for COPD readmission https://scispace.com/papers/risk-factors-for-cerebral-palsy-in-brazilian-children-a-case-hgl1cx6ema 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-absolute-and-relative-frequencies-and-odds-ratio-for-2ah2e3ck.png Table 4 – Absolute and relative frequencies and odds ratio for cerebral palsy according to perinatal characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-absolute-and-relative-frequencies-and-odds-ratio-for-2k4taoxo.png Table 3 – Absolute and relative frequencies and odds ratio for cerebral palsy according to prenatal characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-absolute-and-relative-frequencies-and-odds-ratio-for-20nqn5o1.png Table 2 – Absolute and relative frequencies and odds ratio for cerebral palsy according to the sociodemographic characteristics of mothers https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-logistic-regression-model-of-risk-factors-for-yg883q8f.png Table 5 – Logistic regression model of risk factors for cerebral palsy https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-participants-with-cerebral-palsy-2g6j3t24.png Table 1 - Characteristics of participants with Cerebral Palsy https://scispace.com/papers/risk-factors-for-foot-and-mouth-disease-in-tanzania-2001-22ej25ko00 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-tanzania-showing-the-location-of-national-parks-dl7y4vst.png Fig. 1. Map of Tanzania showing the location of national parks, roads, rail road’s and cattle 463 density. 464 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-morans-i-statistic-correlogram-of-the-residuals-of-the-2jm1nfb5.png Fig. 4. Moran’s I statistic correlogram of the residuals of the random effect model assessing 483 the risk of FMD associated to distances to communication networks, international borders 484 and parks as well as human population. Statistic presented from the 1st to the 8th spatial lag for 485 each year of study (2001 to 2006). Each spatial lag represents grid size i.e., 20km. 486 487 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-choropleth-maps-showing-the-spatial-distribution-of-3uoffy9u.png Fig. 3. Choropleth maps showing the spatial distribution of the predicted probability of a grid 478 cell being FMD-positive, 2001-2006. Also shown on each plot are the locations of the major 479 road networks throughout Tanzania. 480 481 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-risk-factors-for-foot-and-mouth-disease-fmd-in-355hp7sw.png Fig. 2. Risk factors for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Tanzania, 2001-2006. Error bar 466 plots showing odds ratios (OR) and their 95% credible intervals (CI) for five characteristics 467 of grid cells thought to be associated with FMD. The distance-based measures represent the 468 increase (or decrease) in the odds of a grid cell being FMD-positive in response to 10 km 469 increases in the respective distance measure. For human population the ORs represent the 470 increase (or decrease) in the odds of a grid cell being FMD-positive in response to 10,000 471 increases in grid cell population size. Those characteristics significantly associated with FMD 472 occurrence (95% CI does not include 1) are represented by a black square. 473 https://scispace.com/papers/risk-factors-for-suicide-in-offspring-bereaved-by-sudden-1kfoydr9z1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-conditional-logistic-regression-analyses-indicating-ypolcsa4.png Table 3. Conditional logistic regression analyses indicating suicide risk for offspring aged 12-29 years (93 cases, 523 1860 controls) and 30-65 years (282 cases, 5640 controls) separately 524 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-the-study-variable-categories-among-1w5hiwz9.png Table 1. Distribution (%) of the study variable categories among suicide cases and matched controls 500 https://scispace.com/papers/risk-factors-in-child-maltreatment-a-meta-analytic-review-of-11q8t5rm4k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-child-physical-abuse-parent-child-interaction-parent-78io3uad.png Table 2 Child Physical Abuse Parent- Child Interaction/ Parent Report of Child Behavior Risk Factor Study and Sample Size Measure Effect ( r ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-child-neglect-parent-child-interaction-parental-21gu7gf5.png Table I Child Neglect Parent- Child Interaction/ Parental Report of Child Behavior Risk Factor d CI r Q k N https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-child-physical-abuse-parent-child-interaction-3nooy44a.png Table 1 Child Physical Abuse Parent- Child Interaction/ Parental Report of Child Behavior Risk Factor d CI r Q k N https://scispace.com/papers/risk-factors-of-uncontrolled-hypertension-in-urban-slums-of-mmsb4vpp9m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-change-in-sbp-from-baseline-to-follow-up-by-history-nins45i8.png Figure 1: Change in SBP from baseline to follow up by history of hypertension (n=1177) https://scispace.com/papers/risk-management-in-bavarian-alpine-torrents-a-framework-for-32bmhn0uxt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-damage-functions-for-basic-scenario-and-subscenarios-3rrk8ej2.png Fig. 4. (a) Damage functions 𝐷 𝑞 𝑠 for basic scenario and subscenarios. (b) Probabilities of subscenarios, 𝑝!!(𝑞), as functions of discharge. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-eta-for-determining-the-probability-of-subscenarios-hhpxdpyc.png Fig. 5. ETA for determining the probability of subscenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-risk-estimation-i-excluding-and-ii-including-2en0cb7l.png Fig. 6. Risk estimation (i) excluding and (ii) including subscenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scenario-based-risk-approximation-pdf-of-annual-h5j56ybx.png Fig. 1. Scenario-based risk approximation. PDF of annual maximum discharge, the damage function and the typically used HQ scenarios: (a) in a catchment without flood protection, (b) in a catchment that is fully protected against HQ100. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-uncertainty-in-the-damage-assessment-b-1udtxce8.png Fig. 2. (a) Uncertainty in the damage assessment (b) Representation of the uncertainty using subscenarios: the expected damage for basic scenario is shown with a solid line, the expected damage for the subscenario representing the possibility of dam failure is shown with a dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scheme-of-the-analysed-area-3tagkr9n.png Fig. 3. Scheme of the analysed area. https://scispace.com/papers/risk-identification-and-risk-mitigation-instruments-for-4huzgcrht6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-systematic-review-steps-3w5z1kwk.png Figure 1. Systematic Review Steps https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-gsd-challenges-for-risk-identification-yxnyv3ts.png Table II GSD CHALLENGES FOR RISK IDENTIFICATION https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-gsd-strategies-for-risk-mitigation-1hek1g6b.png Table III GSD STRATEGIES FOR RISK MITIGATION https://scispace.com/papers/risk-management-lessons-from-madoff-fraud-573790skan 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-introducing-stock-picking-in-the-bs-strategy-um3cswoz.png Figure: Introducing stock picking in the BS strategy https://scispace.com/papers/risk-levels-treatment-duration-and-drop-out-in-a-clinically-1ay9ya5r3b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-treatment-duration-for-treatment-completers-2ckt4pv0.png Table 3. Average Treatment Duration for Treatment Completers and Drop Out Percentage for All Patients Per Risk Level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-risk-levels-based-on-static-99r-2v4sspf7.png Table 2. Distribution of Risk Levels Based on STATIC-99R Scores for the Three Samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-participation-of-offenders-of-1fct0c5v.png Figure 1. Overview of the participation of offenders of different risk levels in group treatment over the course of 620 weeks. Note. Each bar represents an offender with the color indicating risk levels and the length of the bar indicating the period spend in treatment. Week 1 is January 1, 1999, and week 620 is March 2011. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-variables-and-sentencing-information-for-2zi9zncv.png Table 1. Demographic Variables and Sentencing Information for The HighIntensity Outpatient Treatment Group and a Dutch National Sample of Offenders Referred to Outpatient Treatment. https://scispace.com/papers/risk-of-hospital-admission-for-liver-injury-in-users-of-3zkb46iuy6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-use-of-nsaid-and-non-overdose-paracetamol-over-the-2fw0zb5s.png Table 2. Use of NSAID and non-overdose paracetamol over the period 2009-2013 in adult ALI cases and in adult population identified in the EGB database. https://scispace.com/papers/risk-preference-differentials-of-small-groups-and-2ajmwc3xxp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-certainty-equivalent-ratio-cer-comparison-2l9v6hn2.png Fig. 1. Mean Certainty-Equivalent Ratio (CER) Comparison https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-median-certainty-equivalent-ratio-cer-comparison-275x6q64.png Fig. 2. Median Certainty-Equivalent Ratio (CER) Comparison https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-expected-earnings-functions-945wgrcm.png Fig. 6. Expected Earnings Functions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-median-coefficient-of-risk-aversion-comparison-22imb4kq.png Fig. 5. Median Coefficient of Risk Aversion Comparison https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-probability-of-type-i-error-groups-vs-individuals-2ub5or68.png Fig. 4. Probability of Type-I Error: Groups vs. Individuals https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-certainty-equivalent-ratio-cer-standard-deviation-1ghn55o4.png Fig. 3. Certainty-Equivalent Ratio (CER) Standard Deviation Comparison https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regression-model-8tqm1wxy.png Table 1. Regression Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-group-cer-and-average-of-three-group-127rorhr.png Table 2. Comparison of Group CER and Average of Three Group Members' Individual CERs https://scispace.com/papers/risk-offending-behaviour-and-young-people-in-the-cook-1mzfhg1467 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-5-college-students-te-maeva-nui-the-great-happiness-jt7jujdx.png Figure 7.5. College students: Te Maeva Nui, the Great Happiness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-9-mana-a-cheap-ballpoint-pen-1fjibre4.png Figure 7.9. Mana: A cheap ballpoint pen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-20-arongamana-the-people-of-power-d5whggmz.png Figure 7.20. Arongamana: The people of power. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-the-death-of-hector-peterson-june-1976-image-sam-2kmvpo9x.png Figure 1.2. The death of Hector Peterson June 1976: Image Sam Nzima. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-19-resting-in-peace-buried-at-the-family-home-3l8si1tz.png Figure 7.19. Resting in peace: Buried at the family home. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-3-tangaroa-burgers-for-tourists-1gknn1st.png Figure 8.3. Tangaroa: Burgers for Tourists. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-2-the-matabele-resenting-the-occupation-18ukykuz.png Figure 8.2. The Matabele: Resenting the occupation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-3-self-determination-theory-protective-factors-3uzxsrlh.png Figure 9.3. Self-determination theory & protective factors (Homel et al. 1999). https://scispace.com/papers/risk-premia-in-forward-foreign-exchange-markets-a-comparison-5598mj88hu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-signal-plus-noise-gaussian-model-estimates-293xew8v.png Table 2: Signal Plus Noise Gaussian Model Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-model-estimates-1mzyn3dq.png Table 3: Regression Model Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-signal-plus-noise-stable-model-estimates-2zjlpqrf.png Table 1: Signal Plus Noise Stable Model Estimates https://scispace.com/papers/risk-reducing-effectiveness-of-revenue-versus-yield-3r2hm24myl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-risk-reducing-effectiveness-of-aph-versus-crc-under-2hxpzcca.png Table 4. Risk-Reducing Effectiveness of APH versus CRC under Provisions of 2002 Farm Bill https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-risk-reducing-effectiveness-of-aph-versus-crc-under-1um72v9m.png Table 6. Risk-Reducing Effectiveness of APH versus CRC under Proposals of 2007 Farm Bill, Counterfactual APH Prices https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-government-payments-and-insurance-33inrkqv.png Table 2. Parameters of Government Payments and Insurance Contracts for Corn in 2006 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameters-of-utility-function-2v596vi1.png Table 3. Parameters of Utility Function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-risk-reducing-effectiveness-of-aph-versus-crc-under-33a6scdr.png Figure 6. Risk-Reducing Effectiveness of APH versus CRC under Provisions of 2002 Farm Bill, Counterfactual APH Prices, Jackson County, TX (Risk Premium of 10%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-risk-reducing-effectiveness-of-aph-versus-crc-under-jyrdsz5x.png Figure 7. Risk-Reducing Effectiveness of APH versus CRC under Proposals of 2007 Farm Bill https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-loan-deficiency-payments-as-a-function-of-the-st87zj6j.png Figure 1. Loan Deficiency Payments as a Function of the Market Price, Corn https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-risk-reducing-effectiveness-of-aph-versus-crc-under-20u6k8uu.png Figure 5. Risk-Reducing Effectiveness of APH versus CRC under Provisions of 2002 Farm Bill, Counterfactual APH Prices, Kossuth County, IA (Risk Premium of 10%) https://scispace.com/papers/risk-return-trade-offs-to-different-educational-paths-4kb7vroxi4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-swiss-educational-system-2wqiycpw.png Figure 1: Swiss educational system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-internal-rate-of-return-irr-and-risk-by-educational-30rvoaml.png Figure 3: Internal rate of return (IRR) and risk by educational path and professional status https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-internal-rates-of-return-irr-and-baldwin-rates-of-2v7u222c.png Table 3: Internal rates of return (IRR) and Baldwin rates of return (BRR) by educational path https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-baldwin-rate-of-return-brr-and-risk-by-educational-1dj50vki.png Figure 4: Baldwin rate of return (BRR) and risk by educational path and professional status https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-educational-paths-categorized-by-type-and-order-of-2aysg4ze.png Table 1: Educational paths categorized by type and order of educational degrees https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-cost-benefit-model-2of675ge.png Figure 2: The cost-benefit model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-extended-mincer-earnings-function-2x58oe99.png Table 2: “Extended” Mincer earnings function https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-income-risk-by-educational-path-14w2e14w.png Table 4: Income risk by educational path https://scispace.com/papers/risk-sharing-and-real-exchange-rates-the-role-of-non-mp9o9e6si0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-unit-root-tests-tr4ooojw.png Table 1: Unit Root Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-e-ects-of-trend-shocks-21f8lpci.png Table 7: The E¤ects of Trend Shocks https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-likelihood-ratio-tests-33rgb8wa.png Table 3: Likelihood Ratio Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-e-ects-of-the-non-tradable-sector-8yoa7xp2.png Table 8: The E¤ects of the Non-Tradable Sector https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-statistics-3czm8kyf.png Table 6: Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-backus-smith-correlations-hbq5j40t.png Figure 1: Backus-Smith Correlations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relative-volatility-of-real-exchange-rates-1o84uril.png Figure 2: Relative Volatility of Real Exchange Rates https://scispace.com/papers/risk-sensitive-evaluation-and-learning-to-rank-using-4suv6y8jxy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-georisk-plot-for-8-trec-2012-runs-2jt881yj.png Figure 3: GeoRisk plot for 8 TREC 2012 runs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-systems-georisk-as-0-a-10-3f23hwc6.png Figure 2: Example systems’ GeoRisk as 0 ≤ α ≤ 10. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-urisk-trisk-t-risk-and-zrisk-risk-reward-tradeoff-3e8aw3s4.png Table 6: URisk, TRisk, T ∗ Risk and ZRisk risk-reward tradeoff scores for the top 8 TREC 2012 runs, along with GeoRisk at α = 0, 1, 5, 10, 20. For URisk and TRisk the baseline is indriCASP, and for T ∗ Risk it is Meanq in Eq. (3) over all 48 + 1 TREC 2012 runs including indriCASP, and for ZRisk and GeoRisk, the baselines are estimated for the 8 runs over the same set of 49 runs and 50 Web track topics. The underlined TRisk scores correspond to those URisk scores for which a two-tailed paired t-test gives significance with p-value < 0.05 - i.e. TRisk > ±2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-learning-to-rank-results-with-risk-results-3hupljyt.png Table 7: Learning to rank results, with risk results calculated w.r.t. BM25 & the 4 learned models. All differences are statistically significant over the n = 8000 queries. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-existing-and-proposed-robustness-risk-24xd5r42.png Table 1: Comparison of existing and proposed robustness/risk-sensitive measures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-matrix-for-an-ir-experiment-1lxztehh.png Table 2: Data matrix for an IR experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-systems-performance-profiles-2qa2icm9.png Figure 1: Example systems’ performance profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-single-baseline-example-27tsnige.png Table 4: Single baseline example. https://scispace.com/papers/risk-taking-behaviour-and-criminal-offending-an-fo4ws9dkrf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-hierarchical-multiple-regression-analysis-6kghq7g9.png Table 5 Summary of Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis Results: Predictors of Hostility https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequencies-of-offenders-across-offence-categories-1gg854p9.png Table 1 Frequencies of Offenders across Offence Categories (personal and property) and Level of Involvement (high and low) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-hostility-sensation-seeking-and-18gp0165.png Table 2 Correlations between Hostility, Sensation Seeking and EPQ, Sub-scales. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-communalities-and-loadings-of-variables-on-factorsa-sgfg9s20.png Table 4 Communalities and Loadings of Variables on Factorsa. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-offender-and-non-offender-population-norms-on-epq-20ppjz6v.png Table 3 Offender and Non-offender Population Norms on EPQ and Sensation Seeking Scales https://scispace.com/papers/risk-shocks-and-housing-supply-a-quantitative-analysis-136mzut0ep 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-growth-rates-on-the-balanced-growth-path-dms2i3av.png Table 1 Growth rates on the balanced growth path. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-of-funds-in-credit-channel-with-housing-model-vkhzixcf.png Fig. 1. Flow of funds in credit channel with housing model (households land income, as well as Entrepreneur labor input and income are not shown). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-intermediate-production-technology-parameters-22pqinky.png Table 3 Intermediate production technology parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-response-of-output-private-consumption-expenditure-and-zhyzllzs.png Fig. 3. Response of output, private consumption expenditure, and investment to 1% increase in sector (construction) technology shocks and uncertainty shocks (percentage deviations from steady-state values). https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-variance-decomposition-2n4y969n.png Table 13 Variance decomposition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-correlations-2b0xysc0.png Table 11 Correlations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-lead-lag-patterns-risk-and-demand-shocks-bh6rkvjk.png Table 12 Lead–lag patterns; risk and demand shocks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-continued-212safdw.png Table 13 Variance decomposition. https://scispace.com/papers/risk-vs-reward-strategies-in-indirect-presidential-elections-3xe89wns06 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-variations-in-epe-nominations-by-the-spd-by-state-2p9jppor.png Figure 2: Variations in EPE nominations by the SPD by state, 1949-2017 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-extra-parliamentarian-electors-epes-in-lander-1spiuj3z.png Figure 1: Extra-parliamentarian electors (EPEs) in Länder delegations to the Federal Convention, 1949-2017 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-explaining-the-inclusion-of-epes-in-parties-state-2u354oic.png Table 1: Explaining the inclusion of EPEs in parties‘ state delegations to the Federal Convention (fractional logit model) https://scispace.com/papers/risk-stratification-following-acute-coronary-syndromes-using-4lmgziye1z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-roc-c-statistic-for-different-hrv-and-mv-measures-3jlpwgxc.png Table 2. ROC c-statistic for different HRV and MV measures and death following ACS in 90 days. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multivariate-association-between-mv-lf-hf-and-22pcwi1y.png Table 3. Multivariate association between MV-LF/HF and different HRV measures for death over 90 days. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-robust-regression-of-mv-lf-hf-and-hrv-lf-hf-against-1di3gbyt.png Figure 2: Robust regression of MV-LF/HF and HRV-LF/HF against the survival time for patients who died during the first three months following NSTEACS. The linear model shown in each case (red) is derived by means of iteratively reweighted least squares with the bisquare weighting function. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-univariate-association-between-different-hrv-and-mv-1p2qgjqp.png Table 1. Univariate association between different HRV and MV measures and death following ACS in 90 days. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-alignment-of-beats-by-dynamic-time-warping-on-the-3a58a6us.png Figure 1. Alignment of beats by dynamic time-warping. On the left, samples are aligned by index. This may lead to energy differences being calculated across inconsistent parts of the two signals. Conversely, on the right, the dynamic time-warping algorithm produces the optimal alignment of the two sequences and ensures a more a consistent measure of energy differences https://scispace.com/papers/risk-taking-by-entrepreneurs-18xqactzlm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-r-w-endogenously-determined-in-the-occupational-1y3e97bb.png Figure 5: R(w) endogenously determined in the occupational choice model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-risk-taking-and-required-risk-premium-36zanw2r.png Table 1: Risk taking and required risk premium https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-single-crossing-of-v-s-w-and-r-w-31978m8k.png Figure 6: Single crossing of V s(w) and R(w) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-no-risk-taking-in-case-of-q-1-jvva64rk.png Figure 7: No risk taking in case of q=1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-value-function-allocation-for-beta-1-r-1-1v3g8kib.png Figure 4: Value function allocation for beta*(1+r)=1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-value-functions-allocation-in-the-occupational-20dt86lc.png Figure 2: Value functions’ allocation in the occupational choice model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-end-of-period-expected-value-vn-ak-of-entrepreneur-6v1cx9pg.png Figure 1: End-of-period expected value VN(Ak) of entrepreneur https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optimal-project-choice-u-c-ln-c-q-0-2-1am5zyk3.png Figure 3: Optimal project choice, u(c) = ln(c), q = 0.2. https://scispace.com/papers/risks-and-benefits-of-antibiotics-vs-covid-19-morbidity-and-17qaqdgrdt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-each-antibacterial-use-ratio-covid-19-morbidity-and-2bxkgbwr.png Table 2. Each Antibacterial Use Ratio, COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality in EU/EEA and Japan https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ddd-each-antibacterial-ddd-covid-19-morbidity-and-2kg0n7rj.png Table 1. DDD, Each Antibacterial DDD, COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality in EU/EEA and Japan https://scispace.com/papers/risks-associated-with-antipsychotic-treatment-in-pregnancy-2oh0h467d1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3b-absolute-risks-and-risk-differences-of-adverse-3dgwlzgt.png Table 3b Absolute risks and risk differences of adverse maternal and child outcomes associated with typical antipsychotic treatment in pregnancy https://scispace.com/figures/table-3a-absolute-risks-and-risk-differences-of-adverse-2umou4je.png Table 3b Absolute risks and risk differences of adverse maternal and child outcomes associated with typical antipsychotic treatment in pregnancy https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-relative-risks-of-adverse-child-outcomes-associated-1zibgh3b.png Table 5 Relative risks of adverse child outcomes associated with antipsychotic treatment in pregnancy. Results from crude and adjusted Poisson regression models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relative-risks-of-adverse-pregnancy-outcomes-2b88yll8.png Table 4 Relative risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with antipsychotic treatment in pregnancy. Results from crude and adjusted Poisson regression models https://scispace.com/figures/table-3c-absolute-risks-and-risk-differences-of-adverse-6vc64an5.png Table 3b Absolute risks and risk differences of adverse maternal and child outcomes associated with typical antipsychotic treatment in pregnancy https://scispace.com/papers/risky-monetary-aggregates-for-the-uk-and-us-2aqjzy2mdr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structures-and-monetary-aggregates-for-which-weak-2fzwhqjs.png Table 1 ___________________________________________________________________________ Structures and Monetary Aggregates For Which Weak Separability Does Obtain ___________________________________________________________________________ https://scispace.com/papers/river-flow-as-a-determinant-of-salmonid-distribution-and-381wlpdx0w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-environmental-flow-setting-categories-2bc47s4m.png Table 3. Summary of environmental flow setting categories, example methods, scale https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effects-of-fine-sediment-on-survival-of-embryonic-328c8i3h.png Table 2. Effects of fine sediment on survival of embryonic stage of salmonids. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-life-stage-specific-impact-of-contrasting-flow-39xa3vrh.png Table 1. Life-stage specific impact of contrasting flow characteristics of salmonids https://scispace.com/papers/rna-expression-classifiers-from-a-model-of-breast-epithelial-1br9oaqqso 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-patients-and-tumor-characteristics-2k52avqf.png Table 1: Demographics of patients and tumor characteristics in the study https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-test-performance-metrics-3db2xpm5.png Table 2. Test performance metrics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tumor-stage-and-tumor-grade-comparisons-in-tnbc-26lcben8.png Figure 6: Tumor stage and tumor grade comparisons in TNBC classes. A. Bar plots showing the distribution of different stages of TNBC patients among the 3 classes (pCR, RD1, and RD2). Y-axis shows the percentages of patients at a given stage of breast cancer within each class. B. Bar plots showing the distribution of different grades of TNBC patients among the 3 classes as described in A. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-output-of-the-prediction-scores-for-the-total-28ysslwf.png Figure 3: Output of the prediction scores for the total population of total 222 patients (A) and the 90 TNBC patients (B). The red squares represent patients achieving pCR, the grey squares are those with RD, and the dashed lines refer to the cutoff values above which pCR is predicted. Scores from Classifier 1 (18-gene) are on Y axis and Classifier 2 (15-gene) on the X axis. Patients predicted pCR by both classifiers are in the upper right quadrant. Patients predicted RD by the Classifier 1 are in the bottom half and patients predicted RD by Classifier 2 are in upper left quadrant. RD1 and RD2 represent patients with different biology based on the gene classifier used to stratify them. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-kaplan-meier-curves-showing-rfs-for-109-patients-gna6zsrf.png Figure 4: Kaplan-Meier curves showing RFS for 109 patients over a maximum of 4 years of follow up. (A) RFS separated by actual pCR (black line) and RD (red line) prior to stratification by the two classifiers in a subset of 109 patients (pCR=42, RD=67) for which data was available. The 95% confidence intervals are indicated by the dashed lines. (B) RFS for each of the three Classes following stratification by the two classifiers (pCR, RD1, and RD2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-outputs-of-the-machine-learning-algorithm-run-a-7stjttbr.png Figure 2: Outputs of the machine-learning algorithm run. A) Boxplot of the AUC values with the given numbers of top-ranked genes in the models from five-fold cross-validation for 10,000 time using the 80% of the training data. B) Boxplot of the AUC values with the given numbers of top-ranked genes in the models from five-fold cross-validation for 10,000 time using the 20% of the testing data. C) ROC showing the sensitivity and specificity of the predictive model with the 1st 18-gene classifier. D) C) ROC showing the sensitivity and specificity of the predictive model with the 2nd 15-gene classifier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-diagram-showing-the-flow-of-the-machine-learning-26ksy4v5.png Figure 1: A) diagram showing the flow of the machine-learning algorithms to build pCR-predictive models using a two-step process: 1) Select the best genes for the model and 2) successively eliminate genes that are least useful to the classifier performance. B) Diagram showing sequential application of 18-gene and 15-gene classifiers to the dataset. https://scispace.com/papers/rna-ribo-explorer-interactive-mining-and-visualisation-of-57rdjf9qn7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ribo-seq-profiles-of-a-chosen-mrna-for-multiple-228qwn6b.png Figure 3: Ribo-seq profiles of a chosen mRNA for multiple conditions. The coding region of the main ORF is materialized by an horizontal blue bar below the profile along the X-axis. The user can interactively change which datasets are plotted, as well as the range of considered read sizes. The plot is updated on-the-fly. Further biological information or annotation, such as measures of codon usage bias, can be displayed on the graph, and the entire graph can be saved as an image file (see User’s manual). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-metagene-plot-of-read-coverage-over-all-mrnas-for-3ergi4ah.png Figure 2: Metagene plot of read coverage over all mRNAs for the region around the start of the main ORF. RNA positions on the x-axis are relative to the start of the annotated main ORF (position 0). The red dots mark each third position from the start of the main ORF (0, 3, 6, etc). In the footer, the user can ask RRE to propose an offset/shift value specifically for this dataset or he/she can provide a value. The offset value is used to determine the P-site from the mapping position of a read (see User’s manual). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-profile-view-of-mrna-cox6b1-one-of-the-mrna-s1j6aek9.png Figure 8: Profile view of mRNA COX6B1, one of the mRNA selected by the type 3 query of Figure 7. Sliding window option is on and the y-axis is relative to the max value in each condition: so the height of the two curves are not comparable (here). One clearly observes a major difference in the 3’UTR: condition with sodium arsenite exhibits a strong relative coverage, while the control condition has almost no reads. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-results-of-a-type-3-query-on-the-hek-dataset-mining-3lr8d68n.png Figure 7: Results of a type 3 query on the HEK dataset: Mining mRNAs with a change in coverage between two user-defined subregions upon treatment with Arsenite. The two regions are the end of CDS and the start of the 3’ UTR (200 nuc. each). The plot is further restricted to a subset of mRNAs (a selection named "min250inORF" in "Genes" subpanel) which was previously obtained by the user with a type 1 query. A dot representing one gene/mRNA indicates its ratio of coverage between the two subregions, in each condition (X- and Y-axis). An example of profile for one mRNA is shown in Figure 8. Like in Figure 5 and in all comparative plots, each RNA is represented by dot and clicking on the dot one can get the profile coverage for that gene. The user can further refine the selection by adjusting the coverage threshold. The main diagonal is bounded by two other diagonals showing a small deviation from a ratio of 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-type-1-query-selecting-genes-with-3u83f7c6.png Figure 4: Example of Type 1 query: selecting genes with differential translation between condintions in their 5’UTR. Top: the interactive query editor: the user adds one condition at a time. Below: the table of genes satisfying the query conditions: one gene per line; distinct columns provide the main ORF length, and the read coverages in distinct samples and regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-correlation-plot-of-ribo-seq-profiles-of-all-mrnas-2car28gw.png Figure 5: Correlation plot of Ribo-seq profiles of all mRNAs when comparing normal vs tumoral kidney cells. RRE plots for each mRNA the correlation of coverages in both conditions (Y-axis) in function of the mean coverage. Each RNA is represented by a dot, and with a click on that dot, one can get the profile coverage for that mRNA in another window. To ease inspection, the user can further refine the set of plotted RNAs by adjusting the coverage threshold: the plot is then updated immediately. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-profile-of-mrna-atp1b1-which-corresponds-to-a-dot-3jw3obw2.png Figure 6: Profile of mRNA ATP1B1, which corresponds to a dot with low correlation between conditions in Figure 5. Sliding window option is on for a better view of the peaks. The normal and cancer conditions differ by the coverage in the 5’UTR of ATP1B1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-read-processing-pipeline-and-30bl21yd.png Figure 1: Overview of the read processing pipeline and position of RRE as a secondary analysis tool. Raw reads are mapped on the reference genome (or transcriptome), which yields a SAM/BAM file. This file combined with gene/RNA annotations allows computing read coverage counts for each position of each RNA, and separate counts in region annotated as untranslated or translated. This generates a count file, and a summary file that contains a subset of useful transcriptome annotations: these two files are light compared to the original BAM file and GCF files, and serve as input to RRE. RRE is then used for interactive data mining and visualisation in downstream analyses by the end user. https://scispace.com/papers/rna-seq-analysis-reveals-pluripotency-associated-genes-and-531q2xk0oq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-raw-data-included-in-the-study-3qjk29nz.png Table 1: Summary of raw data included in the study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-workflow-implemented-in-this-study-24quhw08.png Figure 1: Overview of the workflow implemented in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-identification-of-candidate-genes-based-on-the-24qi0jhs.png Figure 2: Identification of candidate genes based on the consensus of data. Analysis of the overexpressed genes in the five datasets revealed that as the number of dataset increases, the number of consensus genes decreases. A similar trend was observed when only the top 10% overexpressed genes in each dataset was considered. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-list-of-pluripotency-critical-genes-pcgs-2nrefctx.png Table 4: List of pluripotency critical genes (PCGs) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-topological-parameters-of-the-co-expression-networks-30p9xp8h.png Table 3: Topological parameters of the co-expression networks of over-expressed genes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pluripotency-critical-genes-pcgs-network-co-1g2oyepw.png Figure 3: Pluripotency critical genes (PCGs) network. Co-expression network of the overexpressed genes in each datasets were reconstructed separately and then merged to obtain the PAG network. The PCG network consisting of the 32 PCGs was extracted from the PAG network. The different node colours here represent the cluster to which they grouped. Red for cluster-1 and green for cluster-2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-network-of-the-common-top-10-downregulated-genes-qldszu1h.png Figure 4: Network of the common top 10% downregulated genes. https://scispace.com/papers/rna-ribose-methylation-2-o-methylation-occurrence-4nezcsif3l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-human-18s-rrna-2-o-methylation-the-2d-structure-1ok5axo0.png Figure 3 a) Human 18S rRNA 2’-O-methylation. The 2D structure of human 18S rRNA is represented https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-reported-human-snrna-2-o-methylations-m227g-cap-is-3vpz314h.png Figure 4 Reported human snRNA 2’-O-methylations. m2,2,7G-Cap is shown as a star. γ-methyl cap of U6 snRNA is represented by a blue star. 2’-O-methylation sites are indicated by green circles. https://scispace.com/papers/rna-seq-of-circulating-tumor-cells-in-stage-ii-iii-breast-9mlp8ej7c8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-absolute-normalized-expression-rpkm-of-selected-genes-15k5cl0n.png FIG. 2 Absolute normalized expression (RPKM) of selected genes in CTCs, PTs, and PB. The heatmap shows expression as log (RPKM ? 1) for breast cancer-related genes for hormone receptors, proliferation markers, epithelial and mesenchymal markers, and stem cell (CSC)-related genes, including potentially clinically actionable genes of relevance to breast cancer (red indicates high expression, blue indicates low expression). CTCs circulating tumor cells, PTs primary tumors, PB peripheral blood, CSC circulating stem cells https://scispace.com/papers/rna-seq-and-scrna-seq-reveal-trajectory-progression-of-the-2fo954q5vi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-model-explaining-shifts-of-cell-states-along-the-3evbv02q.png Figure 10. A model explaining shifts of cell states along the RGC trajectory in the wild-1382 type and Atoh7-null retina. The RGC trajectory follows several four cell states, including 1383 naïve RPCs, transitional RPCs, nascent RGCs, and differentiated RGCs. The direction 1384 of the trajectory is indicated by the arrow and the progression of the trajectory is 1385 indicated by a color gradient. Each state is determined by a group of genes and 1386 example genes are given in colored circles. The transition from one state to the next is 1387 dictated by downregulation of genes representing that state and upregulation of genes 1388 for the next state as indicated by the sizes of the colored circles. In the transitional 1389 RPCs, Atoh7, likely in combination with the SoxC factors, competes with other 1390 regulators to drive them to the RGC fate. In the Atoh7-null retina, the establishment of 1391 the transitional RPC state is not affected, and nascent RGCs still form through 1392 expression of some, but not all, RGC genes (represented by a smaller circle with broken 1393 lines). The mutant nascent RGCs fail to reach the full RGC state and many eventually 1394 die by apoptosis (indicated by a striped background). 1395 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-enriched-go-terms-for-individual-cell-states-types-4kcm6ry5.png Table 1. Enriched GO terms for individual cell states/types https://scispace.com/papers/rnacmap-a-fully-automatic-method-for-predicting-contact-maps-1wm4fe8xd5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-f1-score-by-rnacmap-with-spot-rna-versus-rnacmap-3frhoaaw.png Figure 5 . F1-score by RNAcmap with SPOT-RNA versus RNAcmap with RNAfold for 77 RNAs in a combined test set. RNAs with higher Neff by RNAcmap (SPOT-RNA) than RNAcmap(RNAfold) are shown in red (in blue, otherwise) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-f1-score-a-precision-b-and-sensitivity-c-of-3q87yx61.png Figure 6 . F1-score (A), Precision (B) and Sensitivity (C) of predicted base pairs reported according canonical, isolated canonical, noncanonical, pseudoknot base pairs and stems. The metrics are evaluated on 18 RNAs with “deep” RNAcmap alignment (Neff/L>1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-boxplot-of-f1-score-a-precision-b-and-sensitivity-c-2h8voadb.png Figure 1 . Boxplot of F1-score (A), Precision (B), and Sensitivity (C) of predicted base pairs by RNAcmap (RNAfold) based on three evolutionary coupling methods GREMLIN, mfDCA_apc and plmc, respectively, for 43 RNAs in the Rfam set.The distribution is shown in terms of median, 25th and 75th percentile with outlier shown by dots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-boxplot-of-f1-score-a-precision-b-and-sensitivity-c-1htvlub2.png Figure 2 . Boxplot of F1-score (A), Precision (B), and Sensitivity (C) by Rfam-supplied alignment in comparison to RNAcmap (RNAfold) and BLAST-N for 43 RNAs in the Rfam set. The distribution is shown in terms of median, 25th and 75th percentile with outlier shown by dots. All employed GREMLIN for base-pair prediction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-as-in-figure-2-but-for-distance-based-tertiary-3o9vgyv2.png Figure 3 . As in Figure 2 but for distance-based tertiary contact prediction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-f1-score-of-base-pair-prediction-as-a-function-of-1g1bnrxe.png Figure 4 . F1-score of base-pair prediction as a function of alignment effective size normalized by length (Neff/L). GREMLIN was used for evolutionary coupling analysis using top L/4 pair predictions by Rfam-supplied alignment (filled red circle) and RNAcmap (RNAfold, red circle) for the Rfam set, and RNAcmap (RNAfold, blue ) for the non-Rfam set. https://scispace.com/papers/road-safety-effects-of-roundabouts-a-meta-analysis-olgj2b4jkz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1ugc5baz.png Figure 4: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2gdchvic.png Figure 3: https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-vtm5cosv.png Table 2: https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2qvcvsj0.png Table 4: https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-27dulhhw.png Table 3: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2y976kr9.png Figure 2: https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2s6vowx6.png Table 5: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2x1jbn3a.png Figure 5: https://scispace.com/papers/rns-arithmetic-approach-in-lattice-based-cryptography-11pmdqznrf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-proposed-rower-architecture-ed9fg7jx.png Fig. 3: Proposed Rower architecture https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-memory-overhead-of-rns-precomputations-3o03ffen.png TABLE II: Memory overhead of RNS precomputations comparatively to binary storage of R 1 for several word-size β 2r and dimensions `. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-computing-tcr-1s-mod-ms-by-formula-6-together-with-jlzjte9t.png Fig. 1: Computing tcR 1s mod mσ by formula (6), together with strategy described in Corollary 2.5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-statistics-about-gr-1-for-100-random-lll-reduced-3jdapiz3.png TABLE I: Statistics about γR,1 for 100 random LLL-reduced matrices R for each dim. ` https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-performance-and-memory-size-1j2vto9n.png TABLE V: Performance and Memory Size https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-results-of-p-r-for-ml510-eval-board-virtex5-p0xcstmo.png TABLE VI: Results of P&R for ML510 Eval. board (Virtex5) https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-results-of-p-r-for-kc705-eval-board-kintex7-xr5falp1.png TABLE VII: Results of P&R for KC705 Eval. board (Kintex7) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-number-of-emmb-overhead-of-9-comparatively-to-38qdbi9a.png TABLE IV: Number of EMMβ overhead of [9] comparatively to present full RNS approach for several word-size β 2r and dimensions `. https://scispace.com/papers/road-traffic-monitoring-on-a-wall-display-se8jl9266b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-le-pc-lutece-a-paris-3q9mkjgd.png FIGURE 1 – Le PC Lutèce à Paris. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-en-haut-affichage-de-la-situation-en-temps-reel-en-195vsu3f.png FIGURE 4 – En haut : Affichage de la situation en temps réel en bas à gauche, et de trois cartes de différence. Au milieu : Zoom sur la situation actuelle. En bas : Zoom sur une des cartes de différence, qui représente un trafic moins fluide que dans la situation actuelle (couleur marron en evidence). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-le-prototype-sur-le-mur-avec-un-zoom-sur-une-jx62yyf3.png FIGURE 3 – Le prototype sur le mur avec un zoom sur une intersection où l’on peut voir des représentations de feux et de voitures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-notre-mur-decrans-interactif-de-59m-x-196m-pour-une-26wbfxf2.png FIGURE 2 – Notre mur d’écrans interactif de 5,9m × 1,96m, pour une résolution de 14 400 × 4 800 pixels. Ce mur est contrôlé par un cluster de 10 ordinateurs et possède un cadre PQ labs qui permet de détecter le toucher sur le mur. Nous utilisons Java avec la bibliothèque zvtm-cluster [16] pour la programmation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-en-haut-affichage-de-la-situation-en-temps-reel-z8a2hq7k.png FIGURE 5 – En haut : Affichage de la situation en temps réel avec quatre DragMagics (en blanc) qui permettent la comparaison avec deux autres simulations. Au milieu : Zoom sur un des DragMagics (les deux cartes de différence, avec les labels ”1” et ”2” sont visibles, ainsi que le lien avec le point d’intérêt et son contour). En bas : Zoom sur les deux cartes de différence. https://scispace.com/papers/rnai-in-mice-a-promising-approach-to-decipher-gene-functions-184w2sb9w6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-overview-of-rna-interference-see-text-for-2ce6igev.png Figure 1. An overview of RNA interference. See text for explanations. https://scispace.com/papers/road-travel-time-information-on-vms-and-traffic-congestion-160fdjgaj3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-variable-message-signs-device-on-the-expressway-3srv3yso.png Figure 1. Variable Message Signs device on the expressway around Paris (Photo. INRETS) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-whole-set-of-properties-that-can-define-drivers-3k3e3zgf.png Figure 2. The whole set of properties that can define drivers as being a decomposition tree of actions, knowledge about routes, intention and motivs of choice for using automobile and for taking the the expressway . https://scispace.com/papers/road-traffic-noise-blood-pressure-and-heart-rate-pooled-4tclnce1tz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-associations-between-road-traffic-noise-32sh3vwh.png Table 3. Estimated associations between road traffic noise (Lden) categories and systolic blood pressure (mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), and heart rate (bpm). Models were adjusted for age, sex, cohort (only pooled analyses), educational level, alcohol use, smoking status, and BMI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimated-associations-between-road-traffic-noise-xtx42i6j.png Table 4. Estimated associations between road traffic noise (Lden) per 10 dB(A) and systolic blood pressure (mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), and heart rate (bpm), stratified for age, sex, hypertension status, and length of residence. Models were adjusted for age, sex, cohort, educational level, alcohol use, smoking status, and BMI (except when stratified for that variable). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-associations-between-road-traffic-noise-19dqbn43.png Table 2. Estimated associations between road traffic noise (Lden) per 10 dB(A) and systolic blood pressure (mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), and heart rate (bpm). Pooled associations were estimated with DataSHIELD (n=88,336). Models were adjusted for age, sex, cohort, educational level, alcohol use, smoking status, and BMI. Models were additionally adjusted for PM10 or NO2 as specified in the table. https://scispace.com/papers/robot-assisted-wrist-training-for-chronic-stroke-a-1q5d8znt4g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-training-setup-for-the-subjects-who-received-the-gel0rkh7.png Fig 1. The training setup for the subjects who received the EMG-driven robot-assisted interactive wrist treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-variation-of-cocontraction-indexes-of-the-17znldqx.png Fig 5. The variation of cocontraction indexes of the different muscle pairs across the training sessions for the EMG group (solid line) and the passive group (dotted line). A cocontraction index in each session was represented by mean and standard deviation (the upper error bar). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-variation-of-emg-activation-levels-of-the-bic-tri-24u3ra2m.png Fig 4. The variation of EMG activation levels of the BIC, TRI, FCR, and ECR muscles across the sessions for the EMG group (solid line) and the passive group (dotted line). The EMG activation levels in each session were represented by mean and standard deviation (the upper error bar). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-clinical-scores-of-mas-and-fma-for-the-emg-group-19d4s424.png Fig 3. The clinical scores of MAS and FMA for the EMG group (circles) and the passive group (triangles) before and after the wrist training. The clinical score values were represented by mean and standard deviation (the value of a standard deviation was shown as an upper error bar). For the MAS, the mean values with upper error bar are for the elbow joint, and those with lower error bar are for the wrist joint. For the FMA, the mean values with upper error bar are for the elbow/shoulder part, and those with lower error bar are for the wrist/hand. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-representative-emg-envelope-trials-from-the-2d87xlpn.png Fig 2.The representative EMG envelope trials from the muscles of ECR and FCR during the wrist training for the EMG group (upper panel) and the passive group (lower panel). https://scispace.com/papers/robotic-assembly-using-a-singularity-free-orientation-4mvjedeiph 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-illustration-of-the-euler-angle-representation-zyz-of-2b4c8igm.png Fig. 4. Illustration of the Euler angle representation (ZYZ) of the orientation of the button. φ is a rotation around the z-axis, θ is then a rotation around the y-axis in the new coordinate system defined by the first rotation. Finally ψ is a rotation around the new z-axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-the-different-coordinate-frames-used-26p862qs.png Fig. 3. Illustration of the different coordinate frames used in the assembly task. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-emergency-stop-button-used-as-an-experimental-case-1miz7bi9.png Fig. 1. The emergency stop button used as an experimental case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-inverse-kinematics-problem-is-solved-by-1xq6ic8k.png Fig. 2. The inverse kinematics problem is solved by considering the position loop constraint that is defined by the kinematic chain, w denoting the world coordinate frame, q1 and q2 robot joint coordinates, o1 and o2 object frames, f1 and f2 feature frames, and χf = (χfI , χfII , χfIII) the feature coordinates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-force-data-from-an-assembly-sequence-vs-time-the-3gomvhox.png Fig. 5. Force data from an assembly sequence vs. time. The uppermost diagram shows the state sequence, the middle the forces (along the first three feature coordinate directions, i.e, they are given in frame f1) and the lowermost the torques (around the coordinate axes defined by the quaternion, i.e., they are given in frame f2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-calculated-euler-angles-from-the-assembly-sequence-ph-3kox5zk3.png Fig. 6. Calculated Euler angles from the assembly sequence.φ is the first rotation around the z-axis, θ the rotation around the y-axis, and ψ the final rotation around the z-axis. Problems occur when the singular position is entered just before t = 9 [s]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-measured-angular-velocity-in-the-redundant-direction-1axf1eet.png Fig. 7. Measured angular velocity in the redundant direction. https://scispace.com/papers/robot-robot-gesturing-for-anchoring-representations-3gopgacw9e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-setup-for-obtaining-the-probabilistic-3vrd30u7.png Fig. 4. Experimental setup for obtaining the probabilistic model for P (D|d, α). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-data-for-the-gp-model-on-pointing-success-for-left-and-8ga7gssn.png Fig. 5. Data for the GP model on pointing success for left and right arms. (a) and (c) as well as (b) and (d) are different representations of the same experimental data. (a) Focuses on the observation distances between OA and GA’s right-arm gesturing action. (c) Demonstrates GA orientations with respect to OA. (b) and (d) data collected for GA’s left-arm gesturing action and are antisymmetric to (a) and (c), respectively. (a) Right Arm Detection Values. (b) Left Arm Detection Values. (c) Right Hand Pointing Observations. (d) Left Hand Pointing Observations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-modeled-gesture-detection-probability-for-different-9uljvg1u.png Fig. 6. Modeled Gesture detection probability for different distances and orientations. These tables are obtained using the GPs for machine learning (GPML) package in MATLAB. The results are directly related to the data from Fig. 5. (a) GPML Output for Right Arm Pointing. (b) GPML Output for Left Arm Pointing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-2-d-grid-of-optimal-position-probability-of-detection-370oh04h.png Fig. 16. 2-D grid of optimal position probability of detection distribution (P (D ∧O|Θ̄)) when OA observes GA pointing with: (a) right arm and (b) left arm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-oa-time-cost-second-distributions-for-the-four-6ewp9tm2.png Fig. 19. OA time cost (second) distributions for the four different initial positions, when GA robot is pointing with the left arm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-four-experimental-cases-where-oa-starts-from-13e9oxxp.png Fig. 17. Four experimental cases where OA starts from different poses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-oa-time-cost-second-distributions-for-the-four-1ads7rit.png Fig. 18. OA time cost (second) distributions for the four different initial positions, when GA robot is pointing with the right arm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-these-two-pictures-assume-that-the-ga-is-located-in-28c0uzmu.png Fig. 8. These two pictures assume that the GA is located in the middle of the grid facing toward the positive x-axis. (left) probability of overlap, with lighter cells representing higher propability P (O|Θ̄); (right) optimal orientations (β) of the OA, with its initial orientation (0◦) directed toward the positive x-axis. The lighter the color inside that grid the more the robot has turned CCW. (a) Quantitative Distribution of overlapping FOVs. (b) Optimal Orientation Detecting the Right Arm. https://scispace.com/papers/robotic-laser-adaptive-optics-imaging-of-715-kepler-47wh3j0sa6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-secure-detections-of-objects-within-2-5-of-kepler-2ne4anf0.png Table 2 Secure Detections of Objects within 2.′′5 of Kepler Planet Candidates https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-likely-detections-of-objects-within-2-5-of-kepler-3l8xwe9q.png Table 3 Likely Detections of Objects within 2.′′5 of Kepler Planet Candidates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-fraction-of-kois-with-detected-nearby-stars-as-a-2kwyjl0y.png Figure 8. Fraction of KOIs with detected nearby stars as a function of stellar effective temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-1s-uncertainty-regions-for-binarity-fraction-as-a-2qefsnb3.png Figure 10. 1σ uncertainty regions for binarity fraction as a function of KOI period for two different planetary populations (we split “small” from “giant” at Neptune’s radius (3.9 R⊕), but the exact value of the split does not significantly affect the uncertainty region shape). The gas giants cut off for shorter periods because of insufficient targets for acceptable statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-binarity-fractions-of-kois-hosting-single-and-2z64nmps.png Figure 9. Binarity fractions of KOIs hosting single- and multiple-detected planetary systems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-the-robo-ao-sample-compared-to-the-341xcn6o.png Figure 1. Distribution of the Robo-AO sample compared to the B13a (Batalha et al. 2013) KOIs. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-kepler-planet-candidates-resolved-into-multiple-1ol6fnze.png Figure 5. Kepler planet candidates resolved into multiple stars by Robo-AO. The grayscale of each 4′′ cutout is selected to show the companion; the angular scale and orientation is identical for each cutout. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-specifications-of-the-robo-ao-koi-survey-1xf87zrs.png Table 1 The Specifications of the Robo-AO KOI Survey https://scispace.com/papers/robotic-resistance-treadmill-training-improves-locomotor-4eyl6zlpnq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-setup-for-the-robotic-assistance-13ams68u.png Fig 2. Experimental setup for the robotic assistance/resistance treadmill training. Two motors and cable spools are attached to a fixed frame located in front of the treadmill and are used to apply a controlled assistance force to the legs at the ankle, and 2 motors are attached to a frame located at the back of the treadmill and are used to apply a resistance force to the legs. A computer is used to control the coordinated movement of 4 motors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-changes-in-a-self-selected-walking-speed-b-fast-a16g3x0g.png Fig 4. Changes in (A) self-selected walking speed, (B) fast walking speed, and (C) 6-minute walk distance after https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-participants-for-baseline-26uetbzv.png Table 1. Characteristics of the participants for baseline comparisons https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-training-paradigms-including-treadmill-speed-time-3uo2gac5.png Table 2. Training paradigms including treadmill speed, time, and training intensity at sessions 1, 9, and 18 for robotic resistance vs assistance treadmill training groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-spatial-temporal-gait-parameters-pre-and-post-34s9m5nk.png Table 4. Spatial-temporal gait parameters pre and post robotic resistance and assistance treadmill training https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-of-self-selected-walking-speed-fast-walking-qtuyrlmu.png Fig 3. Average of self-selected walking speed, fast walking speed, 6-minute walk distance pre and post 6 weeks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flowchart-of-participants-enrollment-and-randomization-31j6g603.png Fig 1. Flowchart of participants' enrollment and randomization. https://scispace.com/papers/robotic-tooling-calibration-based-on-linear-and-nonlinear-2thtcwfj2f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-laser-tracking-concept-diagram-5-34qoi1lw.png Figure 2-1: Laser Tracking Concept Diagram [5]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-5-cylinder-fitting-ga-with-500-generations-and-500-2l6sdf98.png Figure 6-5: Cylinder Fitting GA with 500 Generations and 500 Population Size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-14-full-pose-calibration-with-500-generations-and-1y63pc2g.png Figure 6-14: Full Pose Calibration with 500 Generations and 500 Population Size https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-5-fixed-camera-setup-38-figure-2-4-moving-camera-1iposzzv.png Figure 2-5: Fixed Camera Setup [38] Figure 2-4: Moving Camera Setup [36] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-6-theodolite-16-figure-2-7-theodolite-system-251he1h8.png Figure 2-6: Theodolite [16] Figure 2-7: Theodolite System Diagram [5] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4-circle-fitting-using-kasa-method-vs-least-square-1k4ek8q6.png Figure 5-4: Circle Fitting using Kasa Method vs. Least Square Method https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-8-cylinder-in-general-orientation-1tlgiqtp.png Figure 5-8: Cylinder in General Orientation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-12-circle-center-accuracy-vs-number-of-points-4g5wy0e1.png Figure 5-12: Circle Center Accuracy vs. Number of Points https://scispace.com/papers/robust-and-accurate-3d-head-pose-estimation-through-3dmm-and-l5nrwaj5e1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-illustration-of-actual-observation-and-synthetic-2f364nqz.png Fig. 4: Illustration of actual observation and synthetic observations. Due to temporal integration, bad observations (dropping hair covering the face, missing depth measurement) are reduced or eliminated in the synthesized samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dataset-samples-a-biwi-b-ubimpressed-7oibzi6i.png Fig. 6: Dataset samples. a) BIWI. b) UBImpressed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-set-of-predefined-poses-yaw-pitch-roll-used-to-collect-2uflgkrj.png Fig. 3: Set of predefined poses (yaw,pitch,roll) used to collect data samples for online 3DMM fitting. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-3d-head-reconstruction-from-the-biwi-dataset-2aktlk4q.png Fig. 5: 3D head reconstruction from the BIWI dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-error-of-landmark-positions-in-ubimpressed-gjlyqemb.png TABLE IV: Error of landmark positions in UBImpressed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-visualized-results-of-head-pose-estimation-with-the-1uee9mtd.png Fig. 9: Visualized results of head pose estimation with the 3DMM (top) and augmented model (bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-head-model-and-pose-estimation-a-the-3dmm-head-3pvfvs5h.png Fig. 1: Head model and pose estimation. (a) the 3DMM head representation only covers part of the head. (b) head pose estimation using only a 3DMM (top) and incorporating a reconstruction component (bottom). (c) online head reconstruction progressively incorporating observations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-openface-common-failure-case-although-the-error-3azxz3ev.png Fig. 7: OpenFace common failure case. Although the error distance with respect to the visible landmarks is small, the head pose is badly estimated. We show our result on the result. Note that OpenFace is using depth information as well. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-and-adaptable-dynamic-response-reshaping-of-flexible-4kqrsikedq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-actuator-voltages-and-measured-angular-deflection-pv93u7b9.png Fig. 2. (a) Actuator voltages and measured angular deflection during the first identification experiment. Labeled time regions: a○ environmental noise phase; b○ first actuator phase; © second actuator phase. (b) Maximum sensor amplitude spectral density and cumulative root mean square (dotted line) under the influence of environmental perturbations and zero actuator signals. Labeled points: 1○ first bending mode; 2○ power supply electric noise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-experimentally-identified-closed-loop-frequency-lnl49fdk.png Fig. 16. Experimentally identified closed loop frequency response functions (dark solid lines ), coherence spectrums (dotted lines) and predicted uncertain response (regions shaded in a lighter color ): (a) r{1}→ y channel; (b) r{2}→ y channel. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-a-predicted-and-experimental-closed-loop-gains-of-the-16yue7u4.png Fig. 17. (a) Predicted and experimental closed loop gains of the r{1} → y transfer for 𝛼 = −1 using the experimental and analytical models. (b) Predicted nominal value (solid line) and experimental estimate (dotted line) of the amplitude spectral density and cumulative root mean square corresponding to the closed loop actuator control signal u{1} for scheduling parameter values 𝛼 ∈{−1, 0, 1}. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-gains-of-the-estimated-frfs-and-nominal-fitted-plant-1ch6msj5.png Fig. 3. Gains of the estimated FRFs and nominal fitted plant model Gyu together with theminimum coherence spectrum across all three identification experiments: (a) u{1} → y channel; (b) u{2}→ y channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-experimental-time-domain-performance-in-open-and-c938otge.png Fig. 19. Experimental time domain performance in open and closed loop for a 10.2 Hz sine excitation. In the first phase, the sine input in one of the actuators excites the first bending mode. In the second phase, the excitation is stopped and the controller (scheduled at 𝛼 ∈{−0.5, 1}) is activated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-predicted-nominal-closed-loop-asd-spectrum-of-the-two-7ufhfsxt.png Fig. 18. Predicted nominal closed loop ASD spectrum of the two proof-mass displacements, i.e. the gains of the channel dr → [ z1 z2 ] . The gains were computed for the controller scheduled at 𝛼 ∈{−1, 0, 1} using the analytical model Gsys and the interconnection from Fig. 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-finite-element-model-of-the-flexible-plate-together-4zz0wlbb.png Fig. 5. (a) Finite element model of the flexible plate together with corresponding coordinate frames and illustration of the four node plate element. (b) Diagram of the first proof-mass actuator model in unclamped configuration illustrating the displacements z1 and zc1 relative to the rest state (dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-comparison-between-the-gains-of-the-adaptable-rjqcllsr.png Fig. 11. (a) Comparison between the gains of the adaptable reference model H(𝛼) for different 𝛼 ∈ [−1, 1] and the nominal open loop system Gyu . (b) Comparison between the poles of H(𝛼) and Gyu (Note: due to pole symmetry, only the upper complex half-plane is shown). https://scispace.com/papers/robust-and-accurate-computational-estimation-of-the-208f9kl1a6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-correlations-between-a-the-average-molecular-4s7kjk00.png FIG. 1. Correlations between a) the average molecular polarizabilities and the polarizabilities of same-shape conductors (in Å3) for the 20 amino acids, b) α‖, c) α⊥, d)∆α and e)the polarizability anisotropy k. The raw data are presented in Tab. I; see text for details, e. g., the parameters obtained from the linear regression. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-average-polarizabilities-of-c2-c20-and-c60-the-c6aa1z9t.png TABLE III. Average polarizabilities of C2, C20, and C60. The subscripts m, c, p depict the parameters calculated quantummechanically, for the corresponding perfect conductor, and the values predicted based on the regression model build from C2 and C20, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-and-reactive-traffic-engineering-for-dynamic-traffic-22gyq1hsex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-approximation-of-real-od-flows-by-the-spline-based-1adzl5es.png Fig. 3. Approximation of real OD flows by the spline-based model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-routing-performance-stable-vs-multi-hour-robust-x9krv84j.png Fig. 2. Routing performance, stable vs. multi-hour robust routing. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-automatic-parallel-parking-in-tight-spaces-via-fuzzy-d75vqcf94d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-reach-a-ready-to-reverse-position-3-2-1-0-1-2-3-3o2nnt1n.png Figure 4: Reach a Ready-to-Reverse Position −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-membership-functions-for-input-variable-xa1-front-wa7wt7q6.png Figure 25: Membership Functions for Input Variable xa1 – Front-wheel Steering System https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-membership-functions-for-input-variable-yd1-front-p5o6d3kg.png Figure 26: Membership Functions for Input Variable yd1 – Front-wheel Steering System https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-atrv-jr-mobile-robot-2qb8twm0.png Figure 1: ATRV-Jr Mobile Robot https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-maneuvering-space-and-the-local-coordinate-system-27v65gzr.png Figure 3: Maneuvering Space and the Local Coordinate System https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-membership-functions-for-the-backing-up-input-xa1-3pccelte.png Figure 11: Membership Functions for the Backing Up – Input xa1 (left) and yd1 (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-membership-functions-for-the-reverse-maneuver-1w9lp33k.png Figure 12: Membership Functions for the Reverse Maneuver – Input θ (left) and Output θ̇ (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-adjust-forward-maneuvering-figure-20-final-3k9va7dh.png Figure 19: Adjust Forward Maneuvering Figure 20: Final Position Reached https://scispace.com/papers/robust-attractor-of-non-twist-systems-3mtalz1gd4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-typical-phase-space-of-the-non-dissipative-lnsm-for-3kz2f5ca.png Fig. 1. (a) Typical phase space of the non-dissipative LNSM for a = 0.5, b = 0.02, r1 = −r2 = 0.2 and η = 3. The shearless curve is in blue and was obtained from iterations of the red point; (b) Profile of the corresponding winding number. The maximum point of the non-monotonic profile represents the shearless curve. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-amplification-of-fig-5-in-the-space-of-parameters-b-g-3u7sjke6.png Fig. 6. Amplification of Fig. 5 in the space of parameters (b, γ ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-basins-of-attraction-of-each-attractor-present-in-fig-120fnccp.png Fig. 4. Basins of attraction of each attractor present in Fig. 3(c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-lyapunov-phase-diagram-characterizing-the-shearless-3nf0bf3t.png Fig. 5. Lyapunov phase diagram characterizing the shearless attractor for the LNSM with a = 0.5. White and gray tones mean that it does not exist, the black region characterizes it as quasi-periodic and colored regions identify it as chaotic. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-evolution-of-the-shearless-attractor-in-a-b-and-d-the-8aczrx2i.png Fig. 3. Evolution of the shearless attractor, in (a), (b) and (d) the attractor is quasi-periodic while in (c) it spreads and looks like a chaotic attractor. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-disconnected-chaotic-regions-separated-by-the-212yqqzc.png Fig. 2. Two disconnected chaotic regions separated by the shearless torus, in blue. The value of the parameter of perturbation is b = 0.056 and γ = 0 (non-dissipative). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/robust-control-for-nonlinear-discrete-time-systems-with-2n86a4btsg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-state-feedback-controller-and-a-trajectory-of-closed-b2ewn307.png Fig. 1. state feedback controller and a trajectory of closed-loop system https://scispace.com/papers/robust-controller-synthesis-in-timed-automata-1ciqwjc2jh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-illustration-of-both-cases-of-lemma-17-qzh7h84a.png Fig. 6. Illustration of both cases of Lemma 17 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-on-the-left-a-timed-automaton-from-pur00-that-is-not-g8ccp562.png Fig. 1. On the left, a timed automaton from [Pur00] that is not robustly controllable for the Büchi objective {`2}. In fact, Perturbator can enforce that the value of x be increased by δ at each arrival at `1, thus blocking the run eventually. On the right, the timed automaton (from [BA11]) is robustly controllable for the Büchi objective {`2}. In fact, perturbations at a given transition do not affect the rest of the run; they are forgotten. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-illustration-of-lemma-16-a76cd8nw.png Fig. 7. Illustration of Lemma 16. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulation-transition-q-a-q-b-dir-where-a-b-a-b-index-b7hoa2yi.png Fig. 5. Simulation transition (q, α, q′, β, dir) where α, β ∈ {a, b}. Index i is such that 1 ≤ i ≤ N and 1 ≤ i + dir ≤ N . Guards and resets are defined as follows: ga,j is (xj < 4 ∧ u < 3) and gb,j is (xj > 4 ∧ u < 3), while Ya,j is {xj} and Yb,j is empty. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-subregion-s-of-s-with-smaller-granularity-1avn8pnr.png Fig. 9. A subregion s′ of s with smaller granularity https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-folded-orbit-graph-of-a-forgetful-cycle-2lhx80jo.png Fig. 4. The folded orbit graph of a forgetful cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-folded-orbit-graph-of-the-non-forgetful-cycle-of-1lm8vtm2.png Fig. 3. The folded orbit graph of the (non-forgetful) cycle of Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-orbit-graph-of-a-cyclic-path-in-the-region-2x4mjz78.png Fig. 2. The orbit graph of a (cyclic) path in the region automaton of the automaton of https://scispace.com/papers/robust-control-of-the-boost-converter-4vphw8cnsa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-zone-where-the-sliding-movement-can-exist-3jujaixh.png Fig. 2. Zone where the sliding movement can exist. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-performance-of-the-controller-proposed-c3wacin0.png Fig. 6. Performance of the controller proposed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-with-another-nonlinear-robust-controller-15ufp4x4.png Fig. 7. Comparison with another nonlinear robust controller. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-close-view-of-the-current-ripple-3m917yof.png Fig. 4. Close view of the current ripple. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-block-diagram-of-the-controlled-converter-20tlc9fk.png Fig. 5. Block diagram of the controlled converter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-hysteresis-loop-introduces-a-boundary-layer-limiting-3mhrqhsq.png Fig. 3. A hysteresis loop introduces a boundary layer limiting the switching frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-boost-converter-yg1bhzgx.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the boost converter. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-correlates-of-growth-spells-do-inequality-and-4hoeixvbvx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-model-averaging-duration-analysis-1g8g96ua.png Table 5: Model Averaging Duration Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-model-size-distribution-and-posterior-model-2rgyyys8.png Figure 4: Model Size Distribution and Posterior Model Probabilities https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-growth-breaks-by-decade-and-country-group-uf5yruph.png Table 1: Growth Breaks by Decade and Country Group https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-growth-inequality-and-redistribution-before-171d8q1o.png Table 4: Average Growth, Inequality, and Redistribution: Before, During and After Growth Spells https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hills-cliffs-mountains-and-plateaus-j8krbfin.png Figure 1: Hills, Cliffs, Mountains, and Plateaus https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-robustness-keeping-channels-c5s28k6z.png Table 8: Robustness - Keeping Channels https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-robustness-dropping-channels-1gq078vo.png Table 7: Robustness - Dropping Channels https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frequency-and-duration-of-growth-spells-3croe2hv.png Table 2: Frequency and Duration of Growth Spells https://scispace.com/papers/robust-data-driven-inference-for-density-weighted-average-4jl0qe4t6f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-monte-carlo-models-2yfdcgu4.png Table I: Monte Carlo Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summarizes-the-monte-carlo-models-reports-the-value-2x08i7fr.png Table I: Monte Carlo Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-empirical-coverage-rates-of-95-con-dence-intervals-p-1hc11m37.png Table 1: Empirical Coverage Rates of 95% Con dence Intervals: P = 2 and d = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-empirical-coverage-rates-of-95-con-dence-intervals-p-2v71ol18.png Table 2: Empirical Coverage Rates of 95% Con dence Intervals: P = 2 and d = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-empirical-coverage-rates-of-95-con-dence-intervals-p-3899bnjf.png Table 3: Empirical Coverage Rates of 95% Con dence Intervals: P = 4 and d = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-empirical-coverage-rates-of-95-con-dence-intervals-p-tdfvpq6z.png Table 4: Empirical Coverage Rates of 95% Con dence Intervals: P = 4 and d = 4. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-covid-19-related-condition-classification-network-ouh6hre8i9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-chest-x-ray-images-from-the-master-t2jmk987.png Figure 1. Examples of chest X-ray images from the master dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-finding-localization-in-radiographs-93gleqqa.png Figure 2. Examples of finding localization in radiographs using heatmaps. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-classification-metrics-vsqzsmrq.png Table 2. Classification metrics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-training-validation-and-test-1ejy2ov6.png Table 1. Description of the training, validation and test datasets. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-estimates-of-overall-immune-repertoire-diversity-from-4c1koloofn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-predictions-versus-simulated-observations-in-silico-npjwj1c1.png Figure 3 | Predictions versus simulated observations, in silico gold standards. Shown are fits to observations from representative gold-standard distributions of the shape shown in Fig. 2e, left panel. Left-to-right: overall distributions with increasing numbers of clones. Top-to-bottom: increasing sample size measured in coverage of the number of clones in the overall population. Open black circles denote observed clone-size distributions, which was the input data given to Recon. The open red circle denotes the number of missing clones, which was not known to Recon. Red crosses denote Recon’s prediction of the clone-size distribution in the sample, based on its reconstruction of the clone-size distribution of the overall repertoire. This includes a prediction for the number of missing clones, plotted as the number of clones of size zero, with error bars as shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-power-calculations-1d0xkgh5.png Table 1 | Power calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-diversity-estimates-for-experimental-data-sets-from-g9jnx8yu.png Table 2 | Diversity estimates for experimental data sets from humans. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-error-bars-a-a-schematic-representation-of-recons-2owr2gb2.png Figure 4 | Error bars. (a) A schematic representation of Recon’s diversity estimates (open circles) from a single gold-standard in silico repertoire with overall diversity d for many different levels of coverage (¼ sample size/d). We used the absolute value of the proportional error of the worst fit at each level of coverage, making an error profile that is vertically symmetric around d. Given a test sample, Recon first estimates the overall diversity, dR, and the coverage. (b) Using the error profile, it then looks up the maximum (d") and minimum (d~) diversities that are consistent with its estimate (dR); schematically, this is where the edges of the funnel plots for d" and d~ intersect. (c) Higher coverage gives smaller error (arrows). (d) Combining errors from all 1,711 gold-standard repertoires into a single plot suggests thatZ1x coverage generally gives error bars of 5–10% for species richness (line, median; shaded area, 5th–95th percentiles). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-diversity-estimates-a-sample-2whc3q27.png Figure 2 | Comparison of diversity estimates. (a) Sample diversity (top) and Recon’s estimate (bottom) of overall diversity versus true overall diversity for three different sample sizes—10,000 cells (filled circles), 100,000 cells (small open circles) and 1 million cells (large open circles)—for a representative gold-standard distribution without noise (shown in Supplementary Fig. 2e, left panel; see Supplementary Fig. 2 for additional examples). Coverage is https://scispace.com/papers/robust-distributed-diffusion-recursive-least-squares-12wio3j4d1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-dcd-method-for-solving-51-3b1tz2a2.png TABLE II DCD METHOD FOR SOLVING (51). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-network-msd-curves-of-algorithms-a-stable-noise-2o3b2na8.png Fig. 8. Network MSD curves of algorithms. [α-stable noise]. Parameters in some of algorithms are tuned as follows: p = 1.18 (dLMP and dRLP); ̺=2 and tth=5 (NC). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-computational-complexity-of-algorithms-for-node-k-1ewzxfn0.png TABLE IV COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY OF ALGORITHMS FOR NODE k PER TIME INSTANT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-topology-of-newtwork-with-20-nodes-and-profiles-of-b-277in4d8.png Fig. 3. (a) topology of newtwork with 20 nodes, and profiles of (b) σ2 ǫ,k and (c) σ2 θ,k per node k. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-complexity-of-the-algorithms-versus-the-length-of-the-34v7degv.png Fig. 2. Complexity of the algorithms versus the length of the target vector at node k. (a) multiplications and (b) additions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-simulation-results-for-25-at-different-nodes-in-1cglcesq.png Fig. 16. Simulation results for (25) at different nodes in impulsive noise. (a) Node 1, (b) Node 6, (c) Node 11, and (d) Node 16 . Simulation setting is the same as for Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-network-msd-curves-of-various-diffusion-algorithms-2lu7gmto.png Fig. 14. Network MSD curves of various diffusion algorithms for distributed spectrum estimation. Some parameters of algorithms are re-tuned as follows: µk = 0.012 (dSE-LMS); µk = 0.016 (dLMP); λ = 0.997 (dRLP, RVWCdRLS); only ξk(0) = 1 (R-dRLS, DCD-R-dRLS) differing from Fig. 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-psd-curves-of-various-diffusion-rls-algorithms-1jozluqv.png Fig. 15. PSD curves of various diffusion RLS algorithms. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-estimation-of-risk-neutral-moments-2k4bmzeqc1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-continued-3cseugfy.png Figure 3 continued https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-continued-nzs62pni.png Figure 2 continued https://scispace.com/papers/robust-estimation-and-moment-selection-in-dynamic-fixed-2v3hagq1ue 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-gross-error-sensitivity-of-r-j-j-s-s-p-jo-under-1y1fuitw.png Fig. 3 Gross-error sensitivity of r̂ j , j = (s, s, p) ∈ Jo, under contamination Z3 ,ζ by patch additive outliers, length of the path k = 6. a s = 1, b s = 3, c s = 5, d s = 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rmse-for-all-estimators-in-model-with-eit-n-0-1-and-1i1c1sro.png Table 1 RMSE for all estimators in model with εit ∼ N(0, 1) and ηi ∼ N(0, 1) under different sample sizes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-gross-error-sensitivity-of-r-j-j-s-s-p-jo-under-1h4i9qop.png Fig. 2 Gross-error sensitivity of r̂ j , j = (s, s, p) ∈ Jo, under contamination Z2 ,ζ by patch additive outliers, length of the path k = 6. a s = 1, b s = 3, c s = 5, d s = 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-gross-error-sensitivity-of-r-j-j-s-s-p-jo-under-2dxb0u0q.png Fig. 1 Gross-error sensitivity of r̂ j , j = (s, s, p) ∈ Jo, under contamination Z1 ,ζ by independent additive outliers. a s = 1, b s = 3, c s = 5, d s = 7 https://scispace.com/papers/robust-fault-tolerant-tracking-controller-design-for-a-vtol-1ekzep0jtx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-faults-and-their-estimates-top-nominal-control-and-ftc-10kbqbgz.png Fig. 5. Faults and their estimates (Top), Nominal control and FTC (bottom) https://scispace.com/papers/robust-fringe-detection-based-on-bi-wavelet-transform-for-2erjfm39m8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-simulated-noisy-modulated-sm-signal-black-line-1o88g5d0.png Figure 3: (a) Simulated noisy modulated SM signal (black line) with C=0.6. (b) Reconstructed displacement based on fringe counting (blue line) using bi-WT compared to the original displacement (green line). (c) Zoom showing the fringe detection mechanism based onΨr(t) andΨd(t). Black dashed line: SM signal (without noise and modulation) added for clarity of comparison https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-experimental-sm-signal-from-a-randomly-vibrating-3o9mloqe.png Figure 6: (a) Experimental SM signal from a randomly vibrating target and (b) reconstructed displacement using bi-WT. (c) Zoom of the inst of (a) showing the fringe detection mechanism based onΨr(t) andΨd(t). Black dashed line represents experimental SM signal for clarity purposes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-zoom-showing-the-fringe-detection-mechanism-basedon-1bsn2a58.png Figure 4: Zoom showing the fringe detection mechanism basedon a reverse biorthogonal mother waveletΨrbio and the modulus maxima method applied on the SM signal of Fig. 3. In red and green dashed lines, two possible threshold positions introducing fringe detection errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-simulated-sm-signal-affected-by-speckle-but-2517bfo9.png Figure 5: (a) Simulated SM signal affected by speckle but withou noise with (b) C variation ranging from 1 to 3, (c) retrieved displacement after fringe detection and counting (dotted blue line) compared with reference targetdisplacement (green line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-original-pattern-based-on-sm-rising-fringe-obtained-1mys10pc.png Figure 1: Original Pattern based on SM rising fringe obtained for C=1.5 (blue line) and its Adapted WaveletΨr (dashed green line) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-original-pattern-based-on-sm-decreasing-fringe-c0lyq9p8.png Figure 2: Original Pattern based on SM decreasing fringe obtained for C=1.5 (blue line) and its Adapted WaveletΨd (dashed green line) https://scispace.com/papers/robust-gender-recognition-by-exploiting-facial-attributes-15kqea44ko 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gender-and-age-dependence-we-separate-the-images-in-k3fkqmp3.png Table 1: Gender and age dependence. We separate the images in 4 age ranges. Each row shows the result of a different training process. In the first row the gender classifier is trained using all age ranges. In the second row the gender classifier is trained independently in each age range. The first four columns display the results stratified by age range. The last column shows average results for all age ranges. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sample-faces-after-detection-from-the-multi-pie-13xyw1rx.png Figure 3: Sample faces after detection from the Multi-PIE database. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-samples-per-each-gender-and-pose-cluster-3aw9v61i.png Table 2: Number of samples per each Gender and Pose cluster combination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-images-first-and-second-rows-pal-database-i2j19979.png Figure 2: Example images. First and second rows, PAL Database. Third and fourth rows GROUPS database. Last two rows LFW database. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-gender-5-fold-cross-validation-accuracy-with-groups-1at5s02n.png Table 7: Gender 5-fold cross-validation accuracy with GROUPS w/o children. First row shows the results of a gender classifier trained with images from all 2D poses. Second row displays the results for the Gender×Pose AP. The first six columns display the results for the six miss-alignments classes. Last column shows the average gender accuracy. Below each performance result we show the standard deviation preceded by symbol ±. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-gender-and-3d-pose-experiment-first-row-shows-1iny1brh.png Table 8: Gender and 3D Pose experiment. First row shows results for a gender alone classifier. The second row displays results the Gender×3D Pose AP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-gender-and-pose-cross-database-experiments-training-1zropxv2.png Table 6: Gender and Pose cross-database experiments, training with GROUPS and testing with LFW. The rows show the results of a Gender and a Gender×Pose AP classifiers. The third column shows the results when training without the children age ranges (0-2, 3-7 and 8-12). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-genderxpose-ap-accuracy-for-5-fold-cross-validation-2j2b079y.png Table 5: Gender×Pose AP accuracy for 5-fold cross-validation with GROUPS. The first six columns display the results of the six pose clusters. The last column shows the average gender accuracy. Standard deviations are shown below each data preceded by the symbol ±. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-identification-and-fault-diagnosis-based-on-uncertain-4jws4afpeb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coefficients-of-nominal-lpv-parameters-34-3jojm16u.png Table 1. Coefficients of nominal LPV parameters (34) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-optimization-cost-functions-in-leak-scenario-1-b-geojifkf.png Figure 4. (a) Optimization cost functions in leak scenario 1. (b) Fault estimation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scheme-of-fault-detection-isolation-and-estimation-2gl4r8e5.png Figure 1: Scheme of fault detection, isolation and estimation procedure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-fault-free-data-using-for-parameter-and-uncertainty-1ka1p95d.png Figure 8: Fault free data using for parameter and uncertainty estimation (14000 samples) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-residuals-evolution-in-fault-scenario-2-b-fault-1iesx1sc.png Figure 5. (a) Residuals evolution in fault scenario 2. (b) Fault test in fault scenario 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-residual-admissible-space-projections-a-1-3r-r-and-39k20j7f.png Figure 11: Residual admissible space projections a) 1 3r r and b) 2 4r r , at the fault time detection (t=9500s) in fault scenario 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-inverse-of-optimisation-cost-function-1j-of-31bj0y4g.png Figure 12: a) Inverse of optimisation cost function ( 1J ) of different faults and b) fault estimation of 1h f . Both figures begin in the fault time detection of fault scenario 1 (t=9500s). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-theoretical-binary-fault-signature-matrix-of-the-3bjeo7pz.png Table 3: Theoretical binary fault signature matrix of the different considered faults https://scispace.com/papers/robust-joint-design-of-linear-relay-precoder-and-destination-5anflwjusx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-amplify-and-forward-mimo-relay-16q68169.png Fig. 1. Amplify-and-forward MIMO relay. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-bers-for-the-proposed-closed-form-solution-35epaezk.png Fig. 8. The BERs for the proposed closed-form solution, iterative algorithm and the algorithm based on estimated channels only for different , when https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-mses-for-the-two-proposed-solutions-and-the-j45mwv0h.png Fig. 6. The MSEs for the two proposed solutions and the algorithm based on https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-mses-for-the-two-proposed-solutions-and-the-14q2s0g3.png Fig. 7. The MSEs for the two proposed solutions and the algorithm based on https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-convergence-behaviors-of-the-iterative-algorithm-with-1bcmijz9.png Fig. 4. Convergence behaviors of the iterative algorithm with different initial- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-mses-for-the-closed-form-solution-the-iterative-3nf0u5pr.png Fig. 5. The MSEs for the closed-form solution, the iterative algorithm and the algorithm based on estimated channels only for different , when and . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-mses-for-the-closed-form-solution-and-the-jv4r2fke.png Fig. 3. The MSEs for the closed-form solution and the iterative algorithm for https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-convergence-performance-of-the-iterative-algorithm-2bmrl34f.png Fig. 2. Convergence performance of the iterative algorithm with , https://scispace.com/papers/robust-implementation-in-general-mechanisms-1lk9xqn9is 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relationship-between-bayesian-and-robust-1qo593gv.png Figure 1: Relationship between Bayesian and Robust Implementation / Monotonicity https://scispace.com/papers/robust-inference-for-diffusion-index-forecasts-with-cross-1wvnhlkp3i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-empirical-coverage-probabilities-of-95-confidence-378i6nbz.png Table 2: Empirical coverage probabilities of 95% confidence intervals using different variance estimators: DGP2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-diffusion-index-forecast-and-confidence-interval-1b7hkmp2.png Figure 2: Diffusion-index forecast and confidence interval for the growth rate of unemployment rate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-empirical-coverage-probabilities-of-95-confidence-2zuc5e4y.png Table 1: Empirical coverage probabilities of 95% confidence intervals using different variance estimators: DGP1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bandwidth-selection-for-different-degrees-of-cross-1zd805oe.png Figure 1: Bandwidth selection for different degrees of cross-sectional dependence https://scispace.com/papers/robust-lip-localization-on-multi-view-faces-in-video-35j2mjaqy6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-lip-roi-extraction-a-the-scale-instability-of-the-2x3e9ui4.png Figure 1: Lip ROI extraction. (a) The scale instability of the face detector outputs for two consecutive frames and faces with rectangle normalization. (b) The rotated face image. (c) The instability of the mouth corners. The green point is the face center from the origin face circle. The seven facial features are shown in white points and the blue rectangle is the lip ROI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-first-row-of-each-entry-the-face-number-we-get-from-1v6vqwss.png Table 1: (First row of each entry) The face number we get from the face detector and its percentage of the total face number in the bracket. (Second row of each entry) Statistical results of lip localization: the ratio of incorrect located image number to sample images and its percentage in the bracket. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-results-in-videos-with-complicated-37b2pme7.png Figure 4: Example results in videos with complicated condition. (Top two rows) The result images of Dae. (Bottom two rows) The result images of Housewives. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-stability-of-the-color-threshold-in-a-shot-and-2e7u2kzi.png Figure 5: The stability of the color threshold in a shot and the diversity between shots. Y-axis: threshold. X-axis: frame number. Sample images are attached to each chart. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-l2-l-control-of-uncertain-differential-linear-2dwphyquxk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-state-response-of-the-first-state-component-of-the-15jezz5y.png Fig. 2. State response of the first state component of the closed-loop process https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-state-response-of-the-first-state-component-of-the-ttjidi33.png Fig. 1. State response of the first state component of the open-loop process https://scispace.com/papers/robust-machine-learning-techniques-for-rice-crop-variables-4x7xvu0ars 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pictorial-representation-of-bistatic-scatterometer-jxzrjcsj.png Fig. 1 Pictorial representation of bistatic scatterometer system: (a) real photograph of bistatic scatterometer system and (b) geometrical representation of bistatic scatterometer system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-temporal-variation-of-bistatic-scattering-coefficient-1vbzaybe.png Fig. 8 Temporal variation of bistatic scattering coefficient at different incidence angles for HH-polarization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-temporal-variation-of-rice-crop-variables-for-a-vwc-b-12dqurez.png Fig. 7 Temporal variation of rice crop variables for (a) VWC, (b) LAI, and (c) PH. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-optimum-parameter-svr-during-training-of-algorithms-4sx1qe5c.png Table 4 Optimum parameter SVR during training of algorithms [class of SVM used: ksvm; type of SVM used: ε-SVR (regression); kernel function used: Gaussian radial basis]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-c-relative-scatter-plots-with-1-1-line-between-glm-j8qteouv.png Fig. 13 (a–c) Relative scatter plots with 1:1 line between GLM estimated and observed rice crop variables: (a) VWC, (b) LAI, and (c) PH using training and validation datasets for VV-polarized σ° and copolarized ratio of σ°. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-statistical-performance-indices-during-training-and-1x8h7upa.png Table 5 Statistical performance indices during training and testing using FIS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mf-plot-at-vv-polarization-for-a-vwc-b-lai-and-c-ph-2j8xvew3.png Fig. 6 MF plot at VV-polarization for (a) VWC, (b) LAI, and (c) PH. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-correlation-matrix-plot-between-bistatic-scattering-3dw55vxh.png Fig. 3 Correlation matrix plot between bistatic scattering coefficients and rice crop variables at VV-polarization. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-mathcal-h-infty-pointing-error-control-of-free-space-3gkikait6d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-of-the-fso-link-2eztr1aj.png TABLE I PARAMETERS OF THE FSO LINK. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-experiment-setup-2tan480s.png Fig. 1. Block diagram of experiment setup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-position-of-2d-receiver-motion-1242dglo.png Fig. 16. Position of 2D receiver motion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-closed-loop-pointing-error-in-x-direction-versus-time-2qje2ki3.png Fig. 17. Closed-loop pointing error in x direction versus Time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-closed-loop-pointing-error-in-y-direction-versus-time-2ihjep60.png Fig. 18. Closed-loop pointing error in y direction versus Time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-laboratory-turbulence-chamber-2k1h4hcn.png Fig. 2. Experimental laboratory turbulence chamber. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measured-screen-shot-eyediagram-of-received-intensity-2rr292q7.png Fig. 4. Measured screen shot eyediagram of received intensity signal under weak turbulence: σ2 = 0.0529. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-measured-screen-shot-eyediagram-of-received-intensity-1mig5tzy.png Fig. 5. Measured screen shot eyediagram of received intensity signal under weak turbulence: σ2 = 0.0729 https://scispace.com/papers/robust-model-predictive-control-for-humanoids-standing-1q29wv2aal 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simultaneous-stabilizer-response-against-soft-external-27nf6iys.png Fig. 4. Simultaneous stabilizer response against soft external disturbance of 73 N during 1 s. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-weight-distribution-and-dimensions-of-the-robot-14p8s2oy.png TABLE I WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION AND DIMENSIONS OF THE ROBOT COMAN. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-orientation-stabilizer-response-against-external-gfmrb7nh.png Fig. 3. Orientation stabilizer response against external disturbance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-independent-stabilizer-response-against-external-y56c8di8.png Fig. 2. Independent stabilizer response against external disturbance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-control-architecture-for-the-balancing-controller-ng9dnezy.png Fig. 1. Control architecture for the balancing controller. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simultaneous-stabilizer-response-against-external-kc9q3514.png Fig. 5. Simultaneous stabilizer response against external disturbance. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-multi-criteria-optimal-fuzzy-control-of-continuous-2c6stz9t8d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-various-performance-criteria-in-a-general-framework-30n4jqxy.png Table 1. Various performance criteria in a general framework. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-membership-functions-of-rules-1-and-2-35de6z12.png Figure 1. Membership functions of Rules 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-angle-trajectory-of-the-inverted-pendulum-326wlp61.png Figure 2. Angle trajectory of the inverted pendulum. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-multi-period-portfolio-selection-based-on-downside-2dckku0tav 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-2-dimension-examples-for-uncertainty-set-f-with-2xqgb9sb.png Figure 1: Two 2-dimension examples for uncertainty set FΩ with ξi ∈ [−5, 5] and ξi ∈ [−10, 10] for i = 1, 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparative-statics-on-the-weights-of-risky-assets-30q3ymmr.png Figure 3: Comparative statics on the weights of risky assets with respect to risk averse coefficient λ under three target a = 0.90, 0.85, 0.75, where we take T = 10, and ϵ = 0.05, ϵt = ϵ/(T − 1) = 0.0056, Ω = Ωt = √ −2 ln ϵt = 3.22(t = 1, · · · , 10). https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-this-table-summarizes-the-symbols-for-the-key-mvlygejj.png Table B.1: This table summarizes the symbols for the key variables used in the model and the parameter values. Bold lowercase, e.g. a,µ, · · · , denote a vector. ξ̃ and ξ̃ denote a random variable and vector, and their realizations are denoted by ξ and ξ, respectively. Bold uppercase letters, e.g. A,B,Σ, · · · , will generally denote a matrix. The ‘transpose’ is denoted by ‘′’. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-cumulative-wealth-comparisons-of-rlpm-wcvar-2656d6j0.png Figure 6: The cumulative wealth comparisons of RLPM, WCVaR, CVaR, WVaR and equally-weighted strategy (1/N) with different adjustment frequencies, where a = 0.85, λ = 1.75, T = 10 and ϵ = 0.05, ϵt = ϵ/(T − 1) = 0.0056, Ω = Ωt = √ −2 ln ϵt = 3.22(t = 1, · · · , 10). α = 5% for WCVaR, CVaR, WVaR. The investment horizon from Jan. 2nd 1987 to Dec. 30th 2016 is fixed for all models and M-SRP is used to ensure that T = 10 for different adjustment frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-performances-comparisons-of-rlpm-cvar-var-w5ok3gae.png Figure 5: Average performances comparisons of RLPM, CVaR, VaR and equally-weighted strategy (1/N) for different risk aversion coefficient λ, where a = 0.90, ϵ = 0.05, and T = 10 are fixed. ϵt = ϵ/(T − 1) = 0.0056, Ω = Ωt = √ −2 ln ϵt = 3.22(t = 1, · · · , 10). The loss level α = 20% is considered in this examples for CVaR, WCVaR, WVaR. The investment horizon of portfolios performance: Jan. 2nd 1987 to Dec. 31st 1996. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-out-of-sample-numerical-comparisons-with-robust-1l2eoank.png Table 2. Out-of-Sample numerical comparisons with Robust growth-optimal portfolio (RGOP) of Rujeerapaiboon, Kuhn, Wiesemann(2016). Here, λ=2.15, target a=0.85, T=6 and ϵ=0.05, 𝜖𝑡= ϵ/(T − https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-performances-comparisons-of-rlpm-cvar-wcvar-28tr91j5.png Figure 4: Average performances comparisons of RLPM, CVaR, WCVaR, WVaR and equally-weighted strategy (1/N) for different risk aversion coefficient λ, where a = 0.85, ϵ = 0.05, and T = 10 are fixed. ϵt = ϵ/(T −1) = 0.0056, Ω = Ωt = √ −2 ln ϵt = 3.22(t = 1, · · · , 10). The loss level α = 5% is considered in this examples for CVaR, WCVaR, WVaR. The investment horizon of portfolios performance: Jan. 2nd 1987 to Dec. 31st 1996. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-comparative-statics-of-the-optimal-average-3jvsvhj0.png Figure 2: The comparative statics of the optimal average expected returns, average volatility and average Sharpe ratio with respect to risk averse coefficient λ under the three target values a = 0.90, 0.85, 0.75, where we take T = 10, and ϵ = 0.05, ϵt = ϵ/(T − 1) = 0.0056, Ω = Ωt =√ −2 ln ϵt = 3.22(t = 1, · · · , 10). https://scispace.com/papers/robust-multi-period-portfolio-model-based-on-prospect-theory-10rck993fd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-different-algorithms-28s6g39h.png Table 1: Comparison of different algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-robustness-among-different-portfolios-neim957z.png Table 2: Robustness among Different Portfolios https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-lifespan-control-operator-2e0q4th2.png Figure 5: Lifespan control operator https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-multi-period-investment-zp3qbz3x.png Figure 1: Multi-period investment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pseudocode-of-stochastic-ranking-approach-2pxbyefh.png Figure 2: Pseudocode of stochastic ranking approach https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-actual-and-robust-wealth-of-portfolios-3lm1xdkn.png Table 3: Actual and robust wealth of portfolios https://scispace.com/papers/robust-output-consensus-for-networks-of-homogeneous-negative-2nonb6eu4q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-closed-loop-networked-multi-agent-system-1tj048fm.png Fig. 1. Closed loop networked multi-agent system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-network-graph-and-associated-laplacian-matrix-1px97qr0.png Fig. 2. Network Graph and associated Laplacian matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-conditions-of-theorem-1-checked-for-all-nonzero-2kumk2t7.png TABLE I CONDITIONS OF THEOREM 1 CHECKED FOR ALL NONZERO EIGENVALUES OF L https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-robust-output-consensus-a-without-disturbances-and-b-2qd9sm85.png Fig. 3. Robust output consensus. (a) Without disturbances and (b) With external output disturbances. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-numerical-upscaling-of-elliptic-multiscale-problems-l700jfjjdc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-numerical-experiments-for-section-5-2-results-for-jvigryri.png Figure 6. Numerical experiments for Section 5.2: Results for high-contrast channels with several choices of the contrast parameter β, as a function of the coarse mesh size H. The reference mesh size h = 2−8 is fixed. The localization parameter k = | log2H|+ 1 is tied to the coarse mesh size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-construction-of-a-suitable-function-ez-for-lemma-4-3l827tyb.png Figure 2. Construction of a suitable function ηz for Lemma 4.3 in one dimension. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-numerical-experiments-for-section-5-1-results-for-2sg0vgie.png Figure 5. Numerical experiments for Section 5.1: Results for high-contrast blocks with contrast parameter β = 106 as a function of the coarse mesh size H. The reference mesh size h = 2−8 is fixed. The localization parameter k is varied between 1 and 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-scalar-coefficient-a-used-in-the-numerical-33pf52ud.png Figure 8. Scalar coefficient A used in the numerical experiment of Section 5.3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-numerical-experiments-for-section-5-2-results-for-x50l0l74.png Figure 7. Numerical experiments for Section 5.2: Results for high-contrast channels with contrast parameter β, as a function of the coarse mesh size H. The reference mesh size h = 2−8 remains fixed. The localization parameter k is varied between 1 and 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-quasi-monotone-coefficient-distributions-of-type-2-166y3oy9.png Figure 1. Quasi-monotone coefficient distributions of Type 2, 1 and 0 in (a-c), respectively. A darker color indicates a larger coefficient. A typical non quasi-monotone coefficient is shown in (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-uniform-triangulations-of-the-unit-square-used-as-3vvbhzou.png Figure 3. Uniform triangulations of the unit square used as coarse meshes in the numerical experiments of Section 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-numerical-experiments-for-section-5-3-results-for-2zu0elkw.png Figure 9. Numerical experiments for Section 5.3: results for SPE10 data depending H. The reference mesh size h = 2−8 remains fixed. The localization parameter k is varied between 1 and 9. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-partitioning-for-real-time-multiprocessor-systems-2yi7m29jc5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulations-of-rpsa-and-spa-on-4-processors-bd2x0hux.png Figure 2: Simulations of RPSA and SPA on 4 processors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-jobs-in-figure-1-khqd0gb1.png Table 1: Parameters of jobs in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-phonon-plasmon-coupling-in-quasifreestanding-graphene-6a8ex8vbkj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-used-for-dielectric-theory-simulations-qgz45vb9.png TABLE I. Parameters used for dielectric theory simulations shown in fig. 1. d is the thickness of the graphene stack. ωPL is the dispersion independent plasmon frequency with ωP2D ∼ ωPL √ q‖d [26]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hreels-spectra-black-dots-and-dielectric-theory-27vjkimy.png FIG. 1. HREELS spectra (black dots) and dielectric theory simulations (red line) of bare hydrogen etched silicon carbide (a), MLG (b) H-QFMLG (c) and O-QFMLG (d). The primary beam energy was set to E = 37 eV for (a), E = 21 eV for (b,d) and E = 11 eV for (c). (a) was taken at room temperature, (b-d) were taken at T = 130 K. The simulated curves in (d) are offset from the measured curve for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dispersion-of-the-phonon-plasmon-coupled-modes-of-a-19gclcse.png FIG. 2. Dispersion of the phonon-plasmon coupled modes of (a) MLG, (b) H-QFMLG, and (c) O-QFMLG. The calculated surface loss function is shown as a 2D color coded intensity map. The three branches of the coupled phonon plasmon dispersion are marked by ω−, ω+ and ω++. Black circles mark peak positions in the HREELS spectra taken at different primary beam energies. For water intercalated graphene only the ω+ branch was resolved well enough to be included in the plot. The gray shaded triangle corresponds to the area where single particle electron hole excitations are possible (SPEintra). https://scispace.com/papers/robust-prediction-of-dense-gas-flows-under-uncertain-582bqdiv6n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-reference-solution-and-location-of-the-12vudov5.png Fig. 1. Typical reference solution and location of the numerical pressure taps. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-numerical-values-specific-volume-v-density-r-end-3s3utjug.png Table 2 Numerical values: specific volume v, density ρ end pressure p. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representation-in-the-clapeyron-diagram-of-the-2s32640p.png Fig. 2. Representation in the Clapeyron diagram of the operating points (scenarios for the free-stream thermodynamic conditions) used in the pseudo-experiments. SW reference ( ), PRSV ( ), MAH ( ). Red symbols connected by lines: calibration scenarios; green symbols: prediction scenarios. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-calibration-results-for-prsv-posterior-predictions-for-25fh2l13.png Fig. 4. Calibration results for PRSV. Posterior predictions for the saturation curve and the transition line =( 0) . Panels (a) to (d): nominal saturation curve ( ), nominal transition line ( ), mean posterior saturation curve (+), mean posterior transition line (×) and posterior transition line error bars (•). Panel (e): https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-mah-model-posterior-predictive-distributions-p-p-d-of-24optftp.png Fig. 8. MAH model: posterior predictive distributions (p.p.d.) of the pressure coefficient based on various calibration scenarios. Reference Cp jref, (¤), nominal Cp jNom, . https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-bmsa-posterior-model-probabilities-and-prior-1w8mi88u.png Table 13 BMSA - Posterior model probabilities and prior scenario probabilities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-mah-bsa-prediction-of-the-pressure-coefficient-3ftp24g4.png Fig. 14. MAH - BSA prediction of the pressure coefficient. Reference Cp ref ,{4,5} (¤), nominal Cp Nom ,{4,5} . ( ) and posterior =E C M MAH[ | ]p (for (a) and (c)) or https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-l2-norm-of-the-prediction-error-p-1-nominal-c-c-p-2v42vqlm.png Table 11 L2-norm of the prediction error ( =p 1). Nominal= C C ,p ref p Nom https://scispace.com/papers/robust-set-reconciliation-51bbxccbxt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-experimental-results-on-multi-dimensional-data-qt5djm6v.png Figure 5: Experimental results on multi-dimensional data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-experimental-results-on-1d-data-145pcimo.png Figure 4: Experimental results on 1D data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-on-how-the-iblt-is-constructed-3tekkyey.png Figure 1: An example on how the IBLT is constructed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-on-retrieving-keys-from-the-iblt-26012sxe.png Figure 2: An example on retrieving keys from the IBLT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-recovery-rate-for-image-reconciliation-2vbm9p23.png Table 1: Recovery rate for image reconciliation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-example-illustrating-the-encoding-and-decoding-3vogn5f6.png Figure 3: An example illustrating the encoding and decoding algorithm. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-snubberless-soft-switching-power-converter-using-sic-w886n89kr9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-a-resonant-transition-zero-9m0hz0hr.png Fig. 1 Schematic of a resonant-transition Zero-VoltageSwitching dual-active bridge DC-DC converter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulated-temperatures-degc-obtained-with-the-uykfvbgx.png Table 1 Simulated temperatures [°C] obtained with the Chassis solution at different operating conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-case-temperature-simulated-thermal-transient-at-the-15ks9uqv.png Fig. 14 Case temperature simulated thermal transient at the rated power, with forced air cooling, Tamb = 27°C for three of the analized solutions (see legend). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-chassis-solution-secondary-side-to-the-right-291ygyj8.png Fig. 13 Chassis solution (secondary side to the right): simulated forced air steady-state thermal map at full load. Tj = 83°C, TC = 79°C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-drain-source-and-gate-source-voltage-of-primaryside-a-1ij70hq7.png Fig. 4 Drain-source and gate-source voltage of primaryside, a), and secondary-side MOSFETs, b), highlighting zero-voltage turn-on switching of the devices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-measured-efficiency-of-the-dc-dc-converter-1wno3uql.png Fig. 3 Measured efficiency of the DC-DC converter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representative-ideal-a-and-experimental-b-waveforms-of-3lwpuqfq.png Fig. 2 Representative ideal, a), and experimental, b), waveforms of the DC-DC converter, highlighting the phaseshift, 𝛷 between primary and secondary voltages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-representative-unclamped-inductive-switching-waveforms-o8w41vtn.png Fig. 5. Representative unclamped inductive switching waveforms for a 650V SiC power MOSFET. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-stability-of-time-varying-delay-systems-the-quadratic-1lon3e1i8w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-interval-of-stabilizing-delays-for-system-30-2em0u98y.png Table 2. Interval of stabilizing delays for system (30) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-stability-region-of-y-t-0-1y-t-2y-t-ky-t-h-t-w-r-t-k-tzeoyt9s.png Fig. 2. Stability region of ÿ(t) − 0.1ẏ(t) + 2y(t) = ky(t− h(t)) w.r.t.k andh(t). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-feedback-system-30h6w5ge.png Fig. 1. Feedback system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-maximal-allowable-delayshmax-for-system-29-wgzvh7gu.png Table 1. The maximal allowable delayshmax for system (29) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-maximal-allowable-delayhmax-for-the-system-31-w-r-t-q5nh5i21.png Table 3. Maximal allowable delayhmax for the system (31) w.r.t. d. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-sparse-coding-for-face-recognition-2o9fk38pzl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-subject-in-multi-pie-database-a-training-samples-swd32oxe.png Figure 1. A subject in Multi-PIE database. (a) Training samples with only illumination variations. (b) Testing samples with surprise expression and illumination variations. (c) and (d) show the testing samples with smile expression and illumination variations in Session 1 and Session 3, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-face-recognition-rates-on-the-ar-database-3jks3tnd.png Table 2. Face recognition rates on the AR database https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-face-recognition-rates-on-multi-pie-database-sims1-3nzxgtyt.png Table 3. Face recognition rates on Multi-PIE database. (’SimS1’(’Sim-S3’): set with smile in Session 1 (3);’Sur-S2’(’Sqi-S2’): set with surprise (squint) in Session 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-recognition-rate-curves-of-rsc-and-src-versus-32ffnqpm.png Figure 2. The recognition rate curves of RSC and SRC versus different percentage of corruption. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-face-recognition-rates-on-the-extended-yale-b-2s9k8dpd.png Table 1. Face recognition rates on the Extended Yale B database https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-recognition-rates-of-rsc-gsrc-and-src-on-the-ar-126rbowz.png Table 6. Recognition rates of RSC, GSRC and SRC on the AR database with sunglasses (sg-X) or scarf (sc-X) in Session X. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-recognition-rates-of-rsc-gsrc-and-src-on-the-ar-3b0gqwow.png Table 5. Recognition rates of RSC, GSRC and SRC on the AR database with disguise occlusion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-recognition-rates-of-rsc-src-and-gsrc-under-25fyn4bb.png Table 4. The recognition rates of RSC, SRC and GSRC under different levels of block occlusion. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-sub-optimality-of-linear-saturated-control-via-3zmynv356j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-switching-rule-of-delay-relay-type-1xvehqk4.png Fig. 2 Switching rule of delay-relay type https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-linear-saturated-control-eh9uobcy.png Fig. 1 Linear-saturated control https://scispace.com/papers/robust-stochastic-dominance-a-semi-parametric-approach-1zd5rsznan 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pareto-regression-plot-with-fitted-lines-mle-and-3vbnuidv.png Figure 4. Pareto regression plot with fitted lines (MLE and OBRE with c ¼ 2 ) of the UK income data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-semi-parametric-lorenz-rankings-classical-and-o3erg8jc.png Figure 3. Semi-parametric Lorenz rankings: Classical and robust https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-semi-parametric-approach-rlcs-ff40i63k.png Figure 2. Semi-parametric approach RLCs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variance-comparisons-between-empirical-and-semi-2766e266.png Figure 6. Variance comparisons between empirical and semi-parametric RLC, with and without contamination https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-rlc-top-0-5-estimates-empirical-and-semi-parametric-va041r0u.png Figure 5. RLC (top 0.5%) estimates (empirical and semi-parametric with MLE and OBRE with c ¼ 2) of the UK income data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-contaminated-dagum-i-distribution-m7llauhf.png Figure 1. Contaminated Dagum-I distribution https://scispace.com/papers/robust-strategy-for-intake-leakage-detection-in-diesel-4ms69y0w70 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-external-variables-ybvo5ux3.png TABLE I EXTERNAL VARIABLES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-picture-of-the-air-intake-system-1ril12md.png Fig. 1. A schematic picture of the air-intake system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-4mm-leakage-solid-th-estimated-by-the-observer-along-2fia9h0y.png Fig. 4. 4mm leakage - (solid)̂θ estimated by the observer along the load transient trajectory. Reference hole diameter (dashed). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-no-leakage-pressure-ratiopamb-pint-during-the-load-1759ut1g.png Fig. 3. No leakage - Pressure ratiopamb/pint during the load transient. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-no-hole-hole-estimation-in-solid-line-and-variable-3rn9rkmn.png Fig. 7. No Hole - Hole estimation in solid line and variable threshold is dot-dashed for different exhaust pressure sensor biasesǫexh whenMexh = 200mbar is considered. Reference hole diameter is dashed. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-traffic-lights-detection-on-mobile-devices-for-10890o375b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-organization-of-the-1h4t3vn6.png Fig. 10. Organization of the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-impact-of-image-resolution-on-computation-time-and-19uyzdqq.png Fig. 17. Impact of image resolution on computation time and recall. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-validation-of-candidates-aous-a-portion-of-original-23n9tzgu.png Fig. 15. Validation of candidates AOUs. (a) Portion of original image, (b) Contour, (c) Rotated Contour, (d) Image Patch (rotated), (e) Template image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-23-horizon-computation-frontal-view-1r4fsdqp.png Fig. A.23. Horizon computation, frontal view. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-22-horizon-computation-lateral-view-2okwhr2w.png Fig. A.22. Horizon computation, lateral view. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-details-of-four-pictures-taken-in-different-1r3qvmrx.png Fig. 11. Details of four pictures taken in different illumination conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-extraction-of-candidates-aous-a-portion-of-original-2yojkxns.png Fig. 12. Extraction of candidates AOUs. (a) Portion of original image, (b) filter on H, (c) filter on S, (d) filter on V, (e) conjunction of filter results, (f) extracted contours. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-distance-m0b13hjh.png Fig. 13. “Distance”. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-trajectory-planning-for-robotic-communications-under-1nrzuke9xb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-of-different-trajectories-20d3lnna.png Table 1. Performance of different trajectories https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-velocity-profiles-of-trajectory-t3-top-and-t4-bottom-3qqbs08q.png Fig. 4. Velocity profiles of trajectory T3 (top) and T4 (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-paths-corresponding-to-trajectories-t3-green-and-t4-x4ff6eec.png Fig. 3. Paths corresponding to trajectories T3 (green) and T4 (dashed red). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-velocity-profiles-of-trajectory-t1-top-and-t2-bottom-10wshc3e.png Fig. 2. Velocity profiles of trajectory T1 (top) and T2 (bottom). The vertical dashed lines separate the durations {τn} 2j n=0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-paths-corresponding-to-trajectories-t0-green-t1-blue-1rk4zu45.png Fig. 1. Paths corresponding to trajectories T0 (green), T1 (blue) and T2 (magenta). Starting point s represented by a circle, goal point s represented by a triangle and AP location at the origin. We observe as well the delimitation of the areas {Aj} 3 j=0. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-visual-saliency-optimization-based-on-bidirectional-5560sp9lr8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-pr-curves-f-measure-curves-and-f-measure-values-1wf6hwac.png Fig. 10 The PR-curves, F-measure curves and F-measure values for different methods on ECSSD dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-selection-of-superpixel-numbers-1elfsro8.png Fig. 6 The selection of superpixel numbers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-comparison-of-pixel-level-saliency-map-and-13uejmc1.png Fig. 8 The comparison of pixel-level saliency map and superpixel saliency map in our method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-comparison-with-background-prior-and-foreground-rduofh1k.png Fig. 7 The comparison with background prior and foreground prior. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-pr-curves-f-measure-curves-and-f-measure-values-suj9ax50.png Fig. 11 The PR-curves, F-measure curves and F-measure values for different methods on CSSD dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-pr-curves-f-measure-curves-and-f-measure-values-1cy6ur0n.png Fig. 12 The PR-curves, F-measure curves and F-measure values for different methods on SED dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-pr-curves-f-measure-curves-and-f-measure-values-dzi9m2zy.png Fig. 9 The PR-curves, F-measure curves and F-measure values for different methods on ASD dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-pipeline-of-our-proposed-method-1dmlnhd9.png Fig. 1 The pipeline of our proposed method https://scispace.com/papers/robust-web-services-provisioning-through-on-demand-34dh8l89n8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-study-a-throughput-b-response-time-3ijdh2fi.png Fig. 4. Performance study: (a) throughput, (b) response time https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notations-and-their-meanings-1x9z5ixb.png Table 1. Notations and their meanings https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-a-typical-interaction-session-with-a-web-25jmmvy4.png Fig. 1. Structure of a typical interaction-session with a Web service https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-interactions-of-system-components-for-web-service-3gupdm45.png Fig. 3. Interactions of system components for Web service invocation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-system-architecture-148ul6u0.png Fig. 2. System architecture https://scispace.com/papers/robust-unsupervised-detection-of-action-potentials-with-1vb64h8hur 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-roc-curves-of-various-detection-methods-pmd-cwd-ugt-3jkn42p3.png Fig. 3. ROC curves of various detection methods: PMD ( ), CWD ( ), UGT ( ), FDR ( ) and ATD ( ). Each panel illustrates the performance for one SNR-FR combination (SNRs are given on top, and FRs are given in the right bottom corner). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-bias-first-row-and-standard-deviation-second-row-of-26bhmw9u.png TABLE I BIAS (FIRST ROW) AND STANDARD DEVIATION (SECOND ROW) OF THE ARRIVAL TIME ERROR ESTIMATED BY THE DIFFERENT METHODS OVER 300 TRIALS AT SNR = 3.5 AND FR = 40 HZ. THE LAST ROW SHOWS THE AVERAGE CPU TIME PER TRIAL https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-recorded-data-with-no-distinct-aps-noise-see-section-1o1zd58z.png Fig. 1. (a) Recorded data with no distinct APs—noise (see Section III-A). (b) Data with prominent APs. (c) Continuous wavelet representation of data shown in (a), with A = fa ; a g. The wavelet function is from bior 1.3 family of wavelets [28]. BIC = 6:0086 10 ; BIC = 6:0089 10 (see Section II-C for explanation). (d) Equivalent plot for data shown in (b). BIC = 6:5126 10 and BIC = 6:3314 10 . (e) An AP from the signal in (b) with three samples marked by 1, 2, and 3. (f) Representation of signal in (e) in the CWT feature space. Note that each sample of the signal is represented by a point in the feature space. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spikes-detected-from-real-data-with-various-10usatoa.png Fig. 4. Spikes detected from real data with various unsupervised methods. The top panel shows a segment of some 200 ms of data. The symbols above the signal indicate the estimated arrival times of APs detected by the unsupervised methods PMD ( ), UGT ( ), and SURE ( ). The zoomed-in versions of the segments contained in the dashed boxes (a) and (b) are shown in the middle and bottom panels, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-separation-of-signal-and-noise-using-different-18mip4wr.png Fig. 5. Separation of signal and noise using different techniques: CWD (r = 1), PMD and UGT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-panel-seven-spike-templates-identified-from-400-s-1a4b3dks.png Fig. 2. Left panel: Seven spike templates identified from 400 s of recordings obtained from four channels of the multielectrode array. Principal component features were used during the classification procedure, and the quality of the templates was assessed by inspection of the residuals. Right panel: Waveform of the bior 1.3 wavelets at scales corresponding to 0.5 and 1.5 ms. Note the similarity between the shapes of the wavelets and APs. https://scispace.com/papers/robustifying-dynamic-positioning-of-crane-vessels-for-heavy-s72rrwhi2m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-vessel-position-in-scenario-s1-employing-the-proposed-2jr804cj.png Fig. 4. Vessel position in scenario S1 employing the proposed controller. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-crane-forces-and-moment-in-scenario-s1-with-the-230xuiqm.png Fig. 5. Crane forces and moment in scenario S1 with the proposed controller. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-performance-of-pid-controller-30-with-thruster-qyr4tbz8.png TABLE IV Performance of PID Controller [30] With Thruster Dynamics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-thrust-forces-and-moment-in-s1-with-the-proposed-3oambd4r.png Fig. 6. Thrust forces and moment in S1 with the proposed controller. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-performance-of-the-proposed-controller-with-1xvcco7v.png TABLE III Performance of the Proposed Controller With Thruster Dynamics https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-environment-setting-2ddrz0s5.png TABLE II Environment Setting https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tension-in-the-crane-wires-2tgrxcag.png Fig. 3. Tension in the crane wires. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-environmental-load-on-the-vessel-1301djy5.png Fig. 2. Environmental load on the vessel. https://scispace.com/papers/robustness-in-cooperative-coevolution-4qmr49dv7l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-domain-coverage-of-peak-1-for-different-mtq-problem-3oi52zd2.png Table 4: Domain coverage of peak 1 for different MTQ problem instances. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scatter-plots-showing-degree-of-robustness-versus-3fd44rmh.png Figure 1: Scatter plots showing degree of robustness versus convergence ratios for each of the 12 experimental groups for both algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-robustness-approximations-for-two-potential-ra16sfkq.png Table 3: Robustness approximations for two potential solutions to different MTQ problem instances (peak 1, peak 2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-degree-of-robustness-dor-measures-and-egt-rain-gauge-28dzft41.png Table 2: Degree of robustness (DoR) measures and EGT rain gauge measures (BOA Size) for different instances of the MaxTwoQuadraticsproblem. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-this-a-simple-example-of-a-payoff-function-for-a-two-38jsj3u4.png Table 1: This a simple example of a payoff function for a two-component CCEA. In game-theoretic terms, the solutions (a1, b1) and (a3, b3) are both Nash equilibria. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-run-time-robustness-results-for-the-ccea-top-panel-fs2wqos5.png Figure 3: Run-time robustness results for the CCEA (top panel) and EA (bottom panel) on the MTQ problem with s1 = 1.0, s2 = 0.5. Curves represent average estimated robustness of the x component over 50 runs. The dashed lines show the robustness of the potential solution at each peak. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-run-time-robustness-results-for-the-ccea-top-panel-38jfrswk.png Figure 2: Run-time robustness results for the CCEA (top panel) and EA (bottom panel) on the MTQ problem with s1 = 2.0, s2 = 0.25. Curves represent average estimated robustness of the x component over 50 runs. The dashed lines show the robustness of the potential solution at each peak. https://scispace.com/papers/rock-typing-in-tight-gas-sands-a-case-study-in-lance-and-56uuz7jxm0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-17-nmr-cumulative-porosity-for-different-rock-types-3udh9rpg.png Figure 4.17: NMR cumulative porosity for different rock types.The shape of the cumulative porosity from NMR exhibits equivalent behavior to capillary pressure curves from MICP. Color-coding is the same as in MICP. T2 relaxation time is plotted against normalized cumulative porosity . Here, normalized cumulative porosity is equivalent to saturation, a reverse of T2 mimics the behavior of capillary pressure. Relaxation time of small pores is shorter than bigger pores. Therefore, the same alignment of rock types is seen when reverse of T2 is used. Siltstone demonstrates the shortest value of relaxation time, while non-reservoir and reservoir sandstones have the intermediate and the longest values, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-6-nmr-and-mercury-injection-color-coded-with-wkstl12s.png Figure 4.6: NMR and mercury injection, color-coded with carbonate content. Data points with approximately 16% carbonate content can be a cement (3.5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-10-shear-velocity-fit-for-samples-aa4-a-and-aa5-b-n6cjulg2.png Figure 3.10: Shear velocity fit for samples AA4 (a) and AA5 (b). . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-9-shear-velocity-fit-for-samples-aa1-a-and-aa3-b-1kdvxbnw.png Figure 3.9: Shear velocity fit for samples AA1 (a) and AA3 (b). . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-cab-30-30-11294-2-scanning-electron-image-of-3qbuv880.png Figure 2.2: CAB 30-30 11294.2. Scanning Electron Image of quartz grain with possible clay coating (A) and infilled cavity (B). Magnified 1,100X. This sample was not carbon coated and was run under partial vacuum. Courtesy of Exaro Energy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-fitting-parameters-for-p-velocity-equation-2-6-a-2r61dvcr.png Table 3.3: Fitting parameters for P-velocity (Equation (2.6)). A is intrinsic velocity of matrix (m/s); B is the slope of the linear part (m/s-MPa); C is the coefficient for exponential behavior (m/s); D crack closure parameter (1/MPa). R2 is the correlation coefficient between predicted and measured data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-ultrasonic-velocities-km-s-under-confining-1unlfrqn.png Table 3.2: Ultrasonic velocities (km/s) under confining pressure (psi) conditions. Red color coded data are predicted using Equation (2.6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-cumulative-flow-capacity-vs-in-situ-permeability-2onxmt3k.png Figure 4.3: Cumulative flow capacity vs. in-situ permeability correlation. 90% of fluid flow occurs from the sandstone formations with permeability values higher than 14 µd (Cluff and Cluff, 2004). https://scispace.com/papers/rockets-and-feathers-asymmetric-pricing-and-consumer-search-36zq4oo430 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-impact-of-cost-changes-on-price-adjustments-ls7vqf78.png Table 3: Impact of cost changes on price adjustments (incumbents) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-1ko9wu7r.png Table 1: Summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spatial-search-intensity-distribution-2014-3i1ji1tb.png Figure 5: Spatial search intensity distribution (2014) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-distribution-of-total-cost-changes-per-year-8motx4vq.png Figure 6: Distribution of total cost changes per year https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-iv-estimates-of-search-intensity-2ws04fj9.png Table 2: IV estimates of search intensity https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-impact-of-cost-changes-on-lerner-index-cheapest-1h15ocsh.png Table 6: Impact of cost changes on Lerner Index (cheapest entrants) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-distribution-of-locally-varying-cost-changes-per-3do5vive.png Figure 7: Distribution of locally varying cost changes per year https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-screenshot-of-a-price-comparison-site-toptarif-de-vlh4w8r8.png Figure 2: Screenshot of a Price Comparison Site (Toptarif.de) https://scispace.com/papers/rocovo-robust-communal-publication-scheme-47oldtujd9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-votes-value-of-users-after-each-round-in-the-2fpa21qo.png Figure 2: Vote’s value of users after each round in the experiments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rocovos-algorithm-16v2jkmx.png Figure 1: Rocovo’s algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-tokens-per-user-through-time-3f5ll65n.png Table 2: Number of tokens per user through time https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-of-posts-acceptation-regarding-their-type-19svbadi.png Table 1: Percentage of posts acceptation regarding their type https://scispace.com/papers/rod-shaped-barium-sulfate-particles-from-a-completely-3f4oz95i2z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-and-table-1-near-here-16zi974n.png Figure 1 and Table 1 near here https://scispace.com/papers/rodentolepis-straminea-cestoda-hymenolepididae-in-an-urban-kas6bv3qc4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-strobila-of-r-straminea-stained-with-mayers-4ir2fj06.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prevalence-mean-intensity-and-mean-abundance-of-m29yrp85.png Table 1. Prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance of intestinal helminths infecting 79 Apodemus sylvaticus sampled from Castle Irwell, Salford, UK. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prevalence-mean-intensity-and-mean-abundance-of-cq9rd4hh.png Table 2. Prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance of Rodentolepis straminea amongst 79 Apodemus sylvaticus sampled from Castle Irwell, Salford, UK. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-odds-ratio-estimates-and-confidence-intervals-for-86hm8u7g.png Table 3. Odds ratio estimates and confidence intervals for variables retained in the final logistic regression model. Dates and seasons relate to timing of sampling. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-p0tiw2qw.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1kyzppta.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1q91f5fc.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/papers/role-and-frequency-of-asthma-risk-factors-in-triggering-the-2mouoj7s9r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-demographic-characteristics-and-precautionary-oo53kncp.png Table 4: Demographic characteristics and precautionary measures and use of inhaler. https://scispace.com/papers/role-based-autonomous-multi-robot-exploration-296gbv7x4g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-role-based-exploration-an-overview-1nm181k6.png Fig. 2. Role-based exploration: an overview. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-state-transition-diagrams-1je4wbuu.png Fig. 4. State transition diagrams https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-screenshot-from-the-role-based-exploration-algorithm-q6vbv1so.png Fig. 5. A screenshot from the role-based exploration algorithm in the room-based environment after 605 timesteps. Blue area is not yet explored, white area has been sensed with a range scanner, red lines indicate robots’ planned paths. Alpha and Beta are due to meet at the rendezvous point indicated by the green cross. Gamma and Delta have recently met, and Delta continues to explore while Gamma relays new information back to the ComStation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-communication-range-for-an-agent-using-the-23ex5r56.png Fig. 1. Typical communication range for an agent using the communication model described in section III-C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-performance-of-the-four-exploration-algorithms-2x7i1ujk.png Fig. 3. Performance of the four exploration algorithms outlined in section IV using the four performance metrics proposed in section III-D. These results are based on exploration of a room-filled environment using four robots. In all graphs the x-axis represents simulation time steps. https://scispace.com/papers/role-assigning-and-taking-in-cloud-computing-4wqjho0adu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-delphi-technique-rounds-and-resulting-changes-2s60fmy5.png Figure 6. The Delphi technique rounds and resulting changes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-theoretical-background-for-role-assignment-and-1t36ctpm.png Table 1. Theoretical background for role assignment and taking https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-delphi-technique-ratings-and-rankings-20j2tc64.png Table 5. Delphi technique ratings and rankings https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-validation-of-elements-t-version-3r94whcs.png Table 4. Validation of elements (T-version) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-phased-empirical-research-1g87ymqk.png Figure 2. Two phased empirical research https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overlapped-elements-so7nt7yr.png Figure 1. Overlapped elements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-creating-patterns-of-elements-q5j0qz6a.png Figure 3. Creating patterns of elements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-elements-t-version-validation-percentage-coverage-1esv89px.png Table 3. Elements (T-version) validation- percentage coverage https://scispace.com/papers/role-based-infrastructures-for-agents-4jmenv2wpn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-restaurant-without-waiters-fpku9e68.png Figure 5. A restaurant without waiters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-role-based-infrastructure-for-an-auction-house-14scz5qf.png Figure 2. A role-based infrastructure for an auction house https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-role-based-infrastructure-2smlzxjo.png Figure 1. A role-based infrastructure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-same-infrastructure-relying-on-a-data-oriented-2d57g2kh.png Figure 3. The same infrastructure relying on a data -oriented model https://scispace.com/papers/role-models-expatriate-gender-diversity-pipeline-or-pipe-2ajkskqxow 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-importance-of-female-expatriate-role-models-to-x43gvhw3.png Figure 1. The importance of female expatriate role models to women’s assignment participation https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-air-in-granular-jet-formation-3xke1w4jw0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-final-depth-as-a-function-of-the-froude-number-at-1odd4k8b.png FIG. 3. (a) Final depth as a function of the Froude number at different pressures p 1 ( ), 0.4 ( ), and 0.025 bar ( ). The lines are fits using the prediction of zfinal by the force model, where the drag force coefficient is the only free parameter. The values of that result from the fits are plotted as circles in (b), suggesting a relation of the form / p 1=2. The stars in (b) result from the fitting of Eq. (1) to the experimental trajectories in Fig. 2(a) (dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-experimental-trajectories-of-the-ball-1pnuhnzc.png FIG. 2 (color online). (a) Experimental trajectories of the ball in the sand (thick lines) for Fr 35 compared to the drag force model, Eq. (1) (dashed lines), with the only fitting parameter. The vertical dotted line indicates the measured closure time tc of the cavity. The black dots mark the location zi of the ball at closure. The star indicates the calculated closure time tc and closure depth zc using the model [Eqs. (1) and (2)]. (b) Location of the ball at closure zi (squares) obtained from the top figure, and the closure depth zc (diamonds) predicted by the model, both as a function of pressure. In order to show that the two quantities follow the same trend, we plotted them shifted and normalized such that they go from 0 at 25 mbar to 1 at 1 bar, with zc 25 mbar 1:43D, zc 1 bar 1:57D, zi 25 mbar 2:68D, and zi 1 bar 4:33D. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-maximum-height-of-the-jet-h-and-b-final-3rajctu9.png FIG. 1 (color online). (a) Maximum height of the jet h, and (b) final depth of the ball zfinal, as a function of the ambient pressure p for different Froude numbers: Fr 7 ( ), 18 ( ), 35 ( ), and 132 ( ). D 1:6 cm is the diameter of the impacting ball. (c) Maximum height h of the jet versus the penetration depth zfinal of the ball. The lines in this plot are guides to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-v-v-t-v-t-0-for-fr-132-where-v-t-is-the-2h4cxecb.png FIG. 4 (color online). V V t V t 0 for Fr 132, where V t is the total volume occupied by the sand bed and t 0 is the moment of impact. Vb is the volume of the impacting ball with D 1:6 cm. Each curve is the average of three independent experiments. The vertical lines show, in chronological order and for 0.4 bar, the closure time obtained with the model, and the first time at which the jet can be seen ( 5 cm above the surface). The jet tip reaches its maximum height at 330 ms. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-an-order-disorder-phase-transition-in-increasing-the-3xzihoylyr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-dots-and-simulated-lines-curie-weiss-1eb3spdp.png FIG. 4. Experimental~dots! and simulated~lines! Curie-Weiss temperature of the Zn12xMnxGa2Se4 series as a function ofx. The line connecting experimental points is an eye guide. Full li @2S(S11)/3#4x(c)J1 /kB ~namedu1 in the following! for x,0.8 andx(d)u0 for x.0.8, withJ1 /kB528.5 K andu05u(x51). Upper broken line: u1 with J1 /kB5212 K; lower broken lines: u1 with J1 /kB528.5 K andx (d)u0 . See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distribution-of-the-mn-ions-on-the-crystal-lattice-as-384k5mfo.png FIG. 2. Distribution of the Mn ions on the crystal lattice as function of the concentration of the magnetic ion in th Zn12xMnxGa2Se4 series. The dashed line separates areas of e tence of space groupsI -42m and I -4 ~critical point at xC50.50 60.01!. The error in the occupancy is calculated to be less than https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-unit-cells-of-mnga2se4-a-space-groupi-4-and-znga2se4-b-3daeaqxd.png FIG. 1. Unit cells of MnGa2Se4 ~a!, space groupI -4, and ZnGa2Se4 ~b!, space groupI -42m. The coordinates of relevan sites are 2(a): ~0,0,0,!; 2(b): ~0,0,12!; 2(c): ~0, 1 2, 1 4!; 2(d): ~0,12, 3 4!; 4(d): ~0, 1 2, 1 4 and 0, 1 2, 3 4!. Vac stands for vacancy. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-atomic-vacancies-and-boundary-conditions-on-3et9t3nl7c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-polarized-phonon-transmission-function-2yp33zrm.png FIG. 8. (Color online) Polarized phonon transmission function for (a) free-edge and (b) supported-edge ZGNRs. W = 32.6 Å. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-polarized-phonon-transmission-function-9etdv99z.png FIG. 9. (Color online) Polarized phonon transmission function for a free-edge ZGNR with a single vacancy localized (a) at an edge and (b) at the center. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-free-edge-and-b-supported-edge-3mhy2amd.png FIG. 1. (Color online) (a) Free-edge and (b) supported-edge configurations. The ribbon width is denoted by W . Periodic boundary conditions are considered in the y direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-plot-of-the-5th-nearest-neighbor-force-32lzyl1n.png FIG. 2. Schematic plot of the 5th nearest-neighbor force-constant model 5NNFCM range. Dotted (dotted-dashed) lines indicate the unit cell of ZGNRs (AGNRs). Crosses symbolize the vacancies we use when calculating the thermal condunctance in Sec. III. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-thermal-conductance-as-a-function-of-3b74lyi9.png FIG. 11. (Color online) Thermal conductance as a function of temperature for different boundary conditions and vacancy localizations. BV stands for a vacancy at the border and CV for a vacancy at the center. In the inset, we show a zoom of the thermal conductance for all configurations at low temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-polarized-phonon-transmission-function-uwdlrrz3.png FIG. 10. (Color online) Polarized phonon transmission function for a supported-edge ZGNR with a single vacancy localized (a) at an edge and (b) at the center. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-dispersion-relation-l-q-v5bejghl.png FIG. 4. (Color online) (a) Dispersion relation λ̄(q̄) = https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-dispersion-relations-for-free-edge-2ujj2c19.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) Dispersion relations for free-edge zigzag (left) and armchair (right) nanoribbons of 32 atoms width calculated with the 5NNFCM. In (b)–(d), we show the corresponding first six eigenmodes. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-buried-cracks-in-mitigating-strain-in-crack-free-gan-1eoplm14rb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-cross-sectional-sem-image-of-a-gan-sample-grown-on-2td1o1g3.png Fig. 1. (a) Cross-sectional SEM image of a GaN sample grown on Si (1 1 1) with multiple thin AlN IL structure; (b) magnified image of the AlN IL region of the same sample; and (c) plan-view SEM image of the surface of a thin AlN IL from another sample where the last AlN IL is the surface. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-strain-in-samples-determined-from-the-measurement-23g0meeg.png Table 1 Strain in samples determined from the measurement results in Fig. 2. eXX(RT), eXX(Tg), and eT are the in-pane strain at room temperature, at growth temperature, and the thermally induced strain from sample cooling down, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-illustrative-distribution-of-the-relative-strain-along-3r2b1nly.png Fig. 4. Illustrative distribution of the relative strain along the distance from the crack edge in a cracked thin film. s0 is the stress of the film in an uncracked state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-c-axis-lattice-constant-as-a-function-of-temperature-3o7cq9vg.png Fig. 3. c-axis lattice constant as a function of temperature for (a) two GaN layers grown on Si (1 1 1) using the thick AlN IL scheme (open circle and triangle symbols) and (b) twoGaN layers using themultiple thinAlN IL scheme (open circle and square symbols). Data for equilibrium bulk GaN (solid curve without symbols) and for a plain GaN/Si (1 1 1) sample (filled square symbols) are also included in the graphs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-cross-sectional-sem-image-of-a-gan-sample-grown-on-imuqyllq.png Fig. 2. (a) Cross-sectional SEM image of a GaN sample grown on Si (1 1 1)with thick AlN IL structure, showing a cross-sectional view of the buried cracks and (b) planview optical micrograph of the same sample revealing the dense network of buried cracks by focusing at about 2 mm beneath the surface. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-branching-on-the-structure-of-polymer-brushes-formed-530jujai32 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sketch-capturing-the-proposed-structure-of-the-15qljm7y.png Figure 5. Sketch capturing the proposed structure of the brush formed from preferentially assembled PI/PS comb copolymers in MEK. The hydrophobic PI blocks may not lay flat (anchor strongly) along the mica surfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-normal-force-profiles-for-ps-brushes-in-mek-made-by-324905uw.png Figure 1. Normal force profiles for PS brushes in MEK made by preferential assembly of PI/PS combs. The range of the profiles reflects the fact that the chains are stretched a few times their free solution radii of gyration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-combs-studieda-9bgo4nqr.png Table 1. Properties of Combs Studieda https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scaled-force-profiles-for-brushes-formed-from-3l84tyu0.png Figure 2. Scaled force profiles for brushes formed from preferentially assembled PI/PS comb copolymers in MEK and a representative PVP-PS diblock in toluene and cyclohexane. The data have been reduced to scale the dependence on molecular weight, tethering density, and segment size. The scaled force profile of the brushes formed from the combs in MEK is longer ranged than that of the brushes formed from diblocks in the good solvent, toluene. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-the-osmotic-free-energy-of-the-1fvp1l6a.png Figure 3. Comparison of the osmotic free energy of the brushes and linear and branched PS homopolymers in MEK (thin solid and thin dashed lines, respectively). The thick solid line represents the osmotic free energy of the layer based on a blob size for the branched layer, and the heavy dashed line is offered as a guide to the eye to reflect the limiting behavior of the system: at high concentration, the curves for the brushes merge, reflecting the fact that the osmotic free energy depends on only the average segment concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-universal-profile-for-brushes-by-including-the-2d3ynchi.png Figure 4. Universal profile for brushes. By including the effect of confinement and branching, the force profiles for the brushes formed from the combs nearly coalesce with those of PS brushes formed from linear PVP-PS copolymers. The remaining discrepancy is attributed to the rubbery PI blocks that anchor the combs to the surface. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-charge-and-hydrophobicity-in-liprotide-formation-a-28eefvq1ws 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-crystal-structure-of-a-lactalbumin-and-structure-of-18v0y8b4.png Figure 1. Crystal structure of a-lactalbumin and structure of oleate. A) a-Lactalbumin (PDB ID: 1F6R). B) Stick representation of oleate with the MARTINI mapping on top. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-buried-surface-area-between-a-lactalbumin-and-33awg1ya.png Figure 6. Buried surface area between a-lactalbumin and oleate upon binding. A) Residues of a-lactalbumin that are buried by the OA surface averaged over two times four simulations with (upper panel) and without (lower panel) ElNeDyn. Green-shaded area indicates a-helix and grey-shaded area indicates bsheet. The y-axis is positive in both directions to allow direct comparison of data with and without ElNeDyn. B) Structure of the surface of a-lactalbumin showing the residues that are buried most by OA in blue and less buried in red from the simulations of the upper panel in (A). C) Structure of the surface of a-lactalbumin showing the residues that are buried most by OA in blue and less buried in red from the simulations of the lower panel in (A). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-itc-to-determine-binding-stoichiometry-of-oleate-3o6mh3aq.png Figure 2. ITC to determine binding stoichiometry of oleate and a-lactalbumin. A) Enthalpogram for titration of oleate into a-lactalbumin as a function of OA concentration. B) OA concentration at points 1, 2 and 3 plotted as a function of aLA concentration. A linear fit to [OA]tot= [OA]free+nOA, bound V [aLA] provides binding numbers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-oa-cluster-size-a-frequency-of-cluster-sizes-from-18w55s8z.png Figure 3. OA cluster size. A) Frequency of cluster sizes from simulation of 500 oleate molecules. B) Snapshot after 1 ms simulation of 500 OA molecules. OA is represented as the head group bead (red) with the carbon tail in cyan. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-simulation-results-and-saxs-experiments-c21kddy4.png Table 1. Overview of simulation results and SAXS experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-snapshots-of-liprotides-after-simulation-of-a-1ch1k77c.png Figure 4. Snapshots of liprotides after simulation of a-lactalbumin with oleate and back-mapping. In sim1 the oleate micelle bound four aLA molecules, in sim2–4 three aLA molecules were bound in each case, and in sim5 two aLA molecules were bound. Snapshots were taken 500 ns after the first aLA binding event (at 1200, 850, 2000, 960 and 1500 ns for sim1–5, respectively). OA is shown in the VdW surface representation with the charged head groups in red. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-center-vortices-in-chiral-symmetry-breaking-in-su-3-1p7rlmro55 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-landau-gauge-quark-propagator-for-m0a-1-4-1lc9z17n.png FIG. 4 (color online). Landau-gauge quark propagator for m0a ¼ 0:048 following the removal of center vortices. D SB still clearly dominates the mass function. Both functions are somewhat flatter than on the full configurations. Symbols are as in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-landau-gauge-quark-propagator-for-m0a-1-4-16uyj0e5.png FIG. 5 (color online). Landau-gauge quark propagator for m0a ¼ 0:048. Open circles denote the propagator obtained from the original gauge field configurations whereas the (red) filled squares denote the propagator following the removal of center vortices. Zðq2Þ is renormalized to one at the largest accessible momentum point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-the-landau-gauge-quark-propagator-with-3nrnqxs0.png FIG. 6 (color online). The Landau-gauge quark propagator with m0a ¼ 0:048 from the original configurations (open circles) is compared with the propagator obtained from the vortex-removed configurations with m0a ¼ 0:024 (filled squares) selected to match the renormalized quark mass in the ultraviolet regime. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-the-gluon-propagator-multiplied-by-q2-1xbwuw9h.png FIG. 8 (color online). The gluon propagator multiplied by q2 (gluon dressing function) such that the large momentum value approaches a constant. The data presented here have been cylinder cut. Open circles denote results from the original untouched gauge fields while (red) full squares report the propagator after removing center vortices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-mass-function-at-the-smallest-nontrivial-3m3u0ava.png FIG. 7 (color online). Mass function at the smallest nontrivial momentum available on our lattice, Mðq2minÞ, for a variety of bare quark masses, m0. Open circles denote the mass function obtained from the original gauge field configurations whereas the (red) filled squares denote the mass function following the removal of center vortices. Original and vortex-removed results are compared for equal bare quark masses (left) and equal renormalized quark masses, mq, at q ¼ 3:0 GeV (right). The lines indicate linear fits to the data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-mass-function-at-the-smallest-nontrivial-1yw7g1tf.png FIG. 10 (color online). Mass function at the smallest nontrivial momentum available on our lattice, Mðq2minÞ, for a variety of bare quark masses, m0. Open circles denote the mass function obtained from the original gauge field configurations whereas the (red) filled squares denote the mass function following the removal of LCG center vortices. Original and vortex-removed results are compared for equal bare quark masses (left) and equal renormalized quark masses, mq, at q ¼ 3:0 GeV (right). Lines indicate linear fits to the data as described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-landau-gauge-quark-propagator-for-m0a-1-4-29tdp63w.png FIG. 9 (color online). Landau-gauge quark propagator for m0a ¼ 0:048. Open circles denote the propagator obtained from the original gauge field configurations whereas the (red) filled squares denote the propagator following the removal of center vortices identified in Laplacian center gauge. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-left-panel-the-gauge-fixing-functional-2hczx1dn.png FIG. 1 (color online). Left panel: The gauge-fixing functional Rmes after MCG gauge fixing. Right panel: the vortex area density in units of the string tension as function of the lattice spacing a. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-canonical-wnt-signaling-in-endometrial-1jc0epxu5g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-nuclear-b-catenin-expression-in-endometrial-cancer-18ta9rsg.png Table 2. Nuclear b-catenin expression in endometrial cancer.† https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-b-catenin-mutations-in-endometrial-cancer-1m47cvhh.png Table 1. b-catenin mutations in endometrial cancer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-studies-of-wnt-inhibitors-in-endometrial-cancer-ybeh5dfr.png Table 3. Studies of Wnt inhibitors in endometrial cancer. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-climate-in-the-spread-of-shiga-toxin-producing-1uv193obbm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-number-of-infections-stec-heat-wave-magnitude-24z9epsf.png Table 4. The number of infections (STEC), heat wave magnitude (HWM), heat wave amplitude 273 (HWA), heat wave number (HWN), heat wave duration (HWD) and heat wave frequency (HWF) 274 from May to September calculated for each areas. 275 276 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relative-risk-of-stec-infection-by-maximum-3h6cqa2a.png Figure 5: Relative risk of STEC infection by maximum temperatures. The column on the right 252 indicates the risk of infection. 253 254 The number, maximum duration, amplitude, frequency and the mean maximum temperature of the 255 heat waves in each area were calculated. Heat waves were defined as periods of three days or more 256 during which Tmax was >90th percentile calculated for each area from May to September (Table 3). 257 Table 4 shows that the year with the most heat waves was 2011: three heat waves in Milano for a 258 total of 29 days, five in Monza Brianza for a total of 42 days, one in Varese for a total of 19 days, 259 and six in Brescia for a total of 45 days. In the same year, the number of infections was at its highest 260 in each area, particularly Milano (nine cases) and Varese (five cases). The principal cluster of 261 infections occurred between 19 and 28 August 2011 (seven cases recorded in ten days: two each in 262 Milano, Brescia and Varese, and one in Monza Brianza), and there was a heat wave in Lombardy 263 from 17 to 26 August because of a strong North African anticyclone. The temperatures were higher 264 than expected for the period. Rain was scarce with poor and irregular cumulative precipitation on 265 the ground. 266 267 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-90th-percentile-calculated-on-the-selected-daily-q3uuofhx.png Table 3: 90th percentile calculated on the selected daily series from May to September and the mean 268 value for the 90th percentile. The 90th percentiles were calculated over the reference period 2000-269 2010 month by month. 270 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-etccdi-climate-indices-179-2ekdxoe9.png Table 1. ETCCDI climate indices 179 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correlation-coefficient-between-the-variables-and-3n1cquec.png Figure 4: Correlation coefficient between the variables and the PC1 and PC2, Left) PCA of Monza 242 Brianza. Right) PCA of Brescia. 243 244 On the basis of these results, we decided to use the DLNM only for the maximum and minimum 245 temperature series. In Milano, Monza Brianza and Varese, the risk of infection was greater in the 246 case of high maximum temperatures and lags of 0-5 days (the risk is greatest with three consecutive 247 days of high temperatures); in Brescia, the risk increased on the same day as the increase in 248 temperature (Fig. 5). The temperature threshold in each area was calculated as mean of 90th 249 percentile estimated for every provinces (Table 3). 250 251 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-linear-relationships-between-stec-infection-1jvm76a1.png Table 5: Linear relationships between STEC infection incidence and monthly heat wave, heat wave 298 magnitude (HWM), heat wave amplitude (HWA), heat wave number (HWN), heat wave duration 299 (HWD) and heat wave frequency (HWF). The statistically significant relationships are in bold. 300 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-thermograms-of-the-four-areas-right-seasonal-1zukgib2.png Figure 3. Left) Thermograms of the four areas. Right) Seasonal distribution of rainfall. 215 https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-dynamical-polarization-of-the-ligand-to-metal-charge-nhen6imwnm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-through-bridge-effective-exchang-mechanism-1exykr61.png FIG. 1. Through-bridge effective exchang mechanism. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-representation-of-the-ddci1-ddci2-a-ddci3-or-1bcvaznu.png FIG. 2. Schematic representation of the DDCI1, DDCI2, a DDCI3 or DDCI configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-ddci2-versus-ddci3-evaluation-of-the-effective-ex-3gjsschc.png TABLE I. DDCI2 versus DDCI3 evaluation of the effective ex change integrals between copper or nickel atoms~in meV!. In the copper compounds the exchange integral as been computed a singlet-triplet local excitation energy, while for the nickel com pounds, due to the spin 1 character of the nickel atoms, the change integral has been computed both from the triplet-qui excitation energy~first line! and from the singlet-triplet excitation energy ~second line!. It can be noted that both methods yie equivalent results. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-diatoms-in-regulating-the-ocean-s-silicon-cycle-129d4qnvif 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plots-of-nitrate-versus-phosphate-and-silicic-acid-20xa34x1.png Figure 1. Plots of nitrate versus phosphate and silicic acid versus phosphate from global climatologies [Conkright et al., 1994]. Data range from the surface (near the origin) to the seafloor. The dashed lines represent N:P = 16:1 and Si:P = 16:1, standard Redfield ratios for these nutrients. While active remineralization processes closely tie nitrate and phosphate concentrations (even at depth), biogenic silica dissolution is slower and only weakly coupled to these processes; hence the increasing deviation from the dashed line with depth. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-model-equilibrium-values-for-a-series-of-parameter-3iku9d2y.png Table 3. Model Equilibrium Values for a Series of Parameter Sensitivity Analysesa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simulations-showing-the-effects-of-changes-on-the-3mzm8xck.png Figure 6. Simulations showing the effects of changes on the supply rate of each nutrient. All model parameters are their baseline values to 50 ky. After this point, riverine inputs of both nutrients are separately increased by 50%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-model-simulated-at-equilibrium-to-50-ky-after-this-3v9w5rqr.png Figure 8. Model simulated at equilibrium to 50 ky. After this point, deep silicic acid conditions perturbed (±75%) to induce a diatom response. Plots show the time evolution of (left) diatom fraction and (right) TPP following the perturbation. Throughout simulation, SR = 95%, SRp = 90%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-equilibrium-values-of-export-across-500-m-and-deep-qpkjnx0h.png Figure 7. Equilibrium values of export across 500 m and deep phosphate concentration over a range of diatom surface remineralization fraction (SRp). The dotted line marks the baseline value, where diatom and other algae share the same fraction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structure-of-the-models-two-nutrient-cycles-the-2paw15ey.png Figure 2. Structure of the model’s two nutrient cycles. The ocean’s biogeochemistry is reduced to two nutrients (phosphate and silicic acid; surface and deep boxes) and two competing phytoplankton groups (diatoms and other algae; surface box only). RP, riverine phosphate; RS, riverine silicic acid; AS, aeolian silicic acid; HS, hydrothermal silicic acid; WS, seafloor weathering silicic acid; BU, biological uptake; SR, surface phosphate remineralization; DR, deep phosphate remineralization; SF, phosphate sedimentation; SRs, surface silica dissolution; DRs, deep silica dissolution; SFs, silica sedimentation; K, ocean mixing. Note that deep remineralization of phosphate (DR) and dissolution of silica (DRs) occur both down the water column and at the sediment-water interface on the seafloor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-the-models-steady-state-predictions-1lqw5cgz.png Table 2. Comparison of the Model’s Steady State Predictions With Observations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-model-equilibrium-budgets-for-the-phosphorus-and-gn8sm20n.png Figure 3. Model equilibrium budgets for the phosphorus and silicon cycles. All fluxes are in Tmol yr 1. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-hydrophilicity-and-length-of-diblock-arms-for-3m3k3awx5y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-felberg-and-co-workers-20q1uh07.png Figure 7. Felberg and Co-workers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-felberg-and-co-worker-2w53cqwi.png Figure 2. Felberg and Co-worker https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-felberg-and-co-workers-1bi6bfpu.png Figure 5. Felberg and Co-workers https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-simulation-details-for-star-polymer-systems-hqpb9hmc.png Table 3. Simulation details for star polymer systems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-composition-of-star-polymers-studied-all-31t8vjbt.png Table 1. Chemical composition of star polymers studied. All star polymers have the same hydrophobic block polymer chemistry of PVL = (-CH2-CH2-CO-O-CH2-) that is attached to the adamantane core on one end and the hydrophilic block chemistry on the other end, in which the hydrophilic chemistry varies between the star polymers studied. The extension length corresponds to the idealized length of the star polymer arm when torsions are set to 180, which were first collapsed in vacuum and then in aqueous solvent. The collapsed star polymers were then simulated with the amount of solvent yielding somewhere between 4-8 solvation layers around the polymer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-charge-models-for-esters-using-opls-aa-166w3zhy.png Table 2. Comparison of charge models for esters using OPLS-AA and for DMC using various approaches. All charges are in electron units. Soetens charges38, included for comparison, are fits to electrostatic potentials of lowest energy structure from their HF-SCF (6 - 31G**) calculations. The Soetens charges were also used in the work of Gontrani, et al. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-dihedral-angle-distributions-for-peg-as-a-function-wbsr8id0.png Figure 9. Dihedral angle distributions for PEG as a function of temperature. (a) S-PEG, (b) L-PEG and (c) Average number of hydrogen bonds per PEG monomer as a function of temperature for both PEG stars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-felberg-and-co-workers-1utfm1pk.png Figure 9. Dihedral angle distributions for PEG as a function of temperature. (a) S-PEG, (b) L-PEG and (c) Average number of hydrogen bonds per PEG monomer as a function of temperature for both PEG stars. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-extended-fins-and-graphene-nano-platelets-in-coupled-5112i77m7a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-thermo-physical-properties-of-nano-pcm-with-varied-2atu0c1f.png Table 3 Thermo-physical properties of nano-PCM with varied volume concentration in solid and liquid phases https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-liquid-fraction-and-heat-flux-response-to-charging-wm4cjgjx.png Fig. 8 Liquid fraction and heat flux response to charging cycles of paraffin and nano-PCMs with three 523 varied volume concentrations in: (a) longitudinal, (b) circular and (c) wire-wound fins configurations. 524 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cost-evaluation-for-nano-pcms-with-varied-volume-eklb336e.png Table 5 Cost evaluation for nano-PCMs with varied volume concentrations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-total-charging-duration-of-paraffin-and-nano-pcms-with-1ncjn22c.png Fig. 9 Total charging duration of paraffin and nano-PCMs with varied volume concentrations in 526 longitudinal, circular and wire-wound fins configurations. 527 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-transient-behaviour-of-paraffin-during-the-course-of-28rzr4p0.png Fig. 4 Transient behaviour of paraffin during the course of charging cycle in shell-and-tube without 350 extended surfaces. 351 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temperature-liquid-fraction-and-enthalpy-contours-of-2v07cgqm.png Fig. 3 Temperature, liquid fraction and enthalpy contours of paraffin in shell-and-tube without 348 extended surfaces orientation while charging at constant inlet temperature of 62 oC. 349 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thermo-physical-characteristics-of-base-paraffin-360ehc86.png Table 1 Thermo-physical characteristics of base paraffin, copper and graphene [40, 41] https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-time-step-and-grid-resolution-independency-tests-for-1ryfsdk3.png Table 4 Time step and grid resolution independency tests for computational domain of tube with no-fins, longitudinal fins, circular fins and wire-wound fins. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-eolian-dust-deposits-in-landscape-development-and-5dfkjl5yh9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-framework-identifying-key-sources-sinks-sngqhckc.png Figure 1 Conceptual framework identifying key sources, sinks and transport paths for eolian dust materials in southeastern Australia. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scanning-electron-micrographs-of-dust-a-dense-sand-b8qe0re7.png Figure 2 Scanning electron micrographs of dust: (a) dense, sand-sized clay pellets from the shore line of Lake Millyera in South Australia (scale bar 1000 mm); and (b) fine dust particles collected in Canberra following the dust storm of 22–23 October 2002 (scale bar 20 mm). These micrographs illustrate the difference in size between dust particles in the source and sink regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-soil-thin-section-sampled-from-the-clayey-b-horizon-6npc9jxw.png Figure 4 Soil thin-section sampled from the clayey B horizon of a profile near Young, New South Wales, which is derived from a combination of eolian dust and local bedrock. These images, taken using plane-polarised light (a) and cross-polarised light (b), illustrate a distinct population of silt-sized quartz grains in a matrix of red clay. The larger quartz grains are locally derived. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-nrp1-in-controlling-cortical-interhemispheric-4vrgmp4n0f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparisons-of-the-postnatal-changes-of-1611igyg.png Figure 3. Comparisons of the postnatal changes of contralateral axons during the P16 to P30 window upon manipulations in Nrp1 expression. A-C) High magnification tilescan images of the contralateral hemisphere of IUE brains analyzed at P16 (Blue arrow = S1/S2 column. Magenta arrow = S2 column. Green = GFP). Scale bar = 300 µm. D-G) Plots of ratios of GFP+ innervation in the indicated area, relative to ipsilateral IUE hemisphere and normalized to the value of P16 control. Mean ± SEM (n 4 brains, 2 sections per brain in all conditions). D) Contralateral innervation in all SS area (Two-way ANOVA: P-value Dynamics of contralateral innervation = 0.0012 (##); P-value Postnatal day = 0.1224; P-value Experimental condition = 0.0149. Posthoc with Tukey’s test: ** p-value Control P16 – shNrp1 P16 = 0.0044; *** p-value Control P16 – CAG-Nrp1 P16 = 0.0007). E) S1/S2 column (Two-way ANOVA: P-value Dynamics of S1/S2 column = 0.0052 (##); P-value Postnatal day = 0.0080; P-value Experimental condition = 0.2043. Posthoc with Tukey’s test: * p-value Control P16 – shNrp1 P16 = 0.0465; * p-value Control P16 – CAG-Nrp1 P16 = 0.0116). F) S2 column (Two-way ANOVA: P-value Dynamics of S2 column = 0.0114 (#); P-value Postnatal day = 0.3331; P-value Experimental condition < 0.0001. Posthoc with Tukey’s test: *** p-value Control P16 – shNrp1 P16 = 0.0003; *** p-value Control P16 – CAG-Nrp1 P16 = 0.0003; * p-value Control P30 – CAG-Nrp1 P30 = 0.0123). G) S2 column relative to S1/S2 column (Two-way ANOVA: P-value Dynamics S2 column relative to S1/S2 column = 0.2098 (n.s.); P-value Postnatal day = 0.8770; P-value Experimental condition < 0.0001. Posthoc with Tukey’s test: * p-value Control P16 – shNrp1 P16 = 0.0102; **** p-value Control P30 – CAG-Nrp1 P30 < 0.0001). Data for P30 are from Figure 1 and Figure 1 – Figure supplement 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-analysis-of-the-dorsoventral-distribution-of-axons-147dp1tr.png Figure 4. Analysis of the dorsoventral distribution of axons at the midline. A) Scheme of the analysis. The left panel depicts the selected ROI. The right panel shows the ROI divided into ten equal bins and applied to an image of the midline. DAPI image (blue) and pixels occupied by the GFP axons (grey). Scale bar = 50 µm. B-D) Images of the CC at the midline in P16 brains. (Green = GFP). Scale bar = 50 µm. E) Quantification of the dorsoventral distribution of GFP signal at P16 (ventral position, bins 0; dorsal position, bins 10). Lines represents mean ± SEM (shade) (n 3 brains, 2 sections per brain in all conditions). Shaded areas in grey indicate statistically significant differences (Two-way ANOVA: P-value CC distribution = 0.9992; P-value Bins < 0.0001; P-value Experimental condition < 0.0001. Posthoc with Tukey’s test: **** p-value Control - shNrp1 0.0001; ### p-value Control – CAG-Nrp1 = 0.0006). F-H) Images of the CC at the midline in P30 brains (Green = GFP). Scale bar = 50 µm. I) Quantification of the dorsoventral distribution of GFP signal at P30 (ventral position, bins 0; dorsal position, bins 10). Lines represents mean ± SEM (shade) (n 3 brains, 2 sections per brain in all conditions). Shaded areas in grey indicate bins showing statistically significant differences (Two-way ANOVA: P-value CC distribution = 0.9925; P-value Bins < 0.0001; P-value Experimental condition < 0.0001. Posthoc with Tukey’s test: **** p-value Control – shNrp1 < 0.0001; #### p-value Control – CAG-Nrp1 < 0.0001). J-L) Comparison of the distributions of axons at the CC in P16 and P30 brains. Lines represents mean ± SEM (shade) (n 3 brains, 2 sections per brain in all conditions). J) Control (Two-way ANOVA: P-value < 0.0001 (****)). K) shNrp1 (Two-way ANOVA: P-value = 0.0021 (**)). L) CAG-Nrp1 (Two-way ANOVA: P-value = 0.5513 (n.s.)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-model-of-the-effects-of-nrp1-levels-on-callosal-18cd8cni.png Figure 6. Model of the effects of Nrp1 levels on callosal connectivity. A) Nrp1 is expressed in the cortex in a high-medial, to low-lateral, gradient (higher levels in green, lower levels in yellow). Accordingly, S1L2/3 neurons (green dots) express high to intermediate levels of Nrp1. S2L2/3 neurons express low levels (light green and yellow dots). L2/3 neurons expressing high to intermediate levels of Nrp1 branch preferentially in homotopic S1/S2 column (blue arrow), and S2L2/3 neurons expressing intermediate to low levels into S2 areas (magenta arrow). B) Knocking down Nrp1 reduces the levels of Nrp1 according to the gradient. L2/3 CPNs with intermediate levels of Nrp1 expression can branch both in S1/S2 and S2. As consequence, an exceeding number of heterotopic branches from S1L2/3 CPNs outgrowth ectopically in the S2 column. They may outcompete axons of shNrp1 targeted S2L2/3 neurons that express very low levels of Nrp1 (light yellow dots). Many of these S2L2/3 neurons cannot terminate innervation and refine their callosal axon during the late period of P16-P30 developmental CPN refinement, thus becoming ipsilateral-only connecting neurons. C) Neurons over-expressing Nrp1 branch in the S1/S2 column but are not competent to innervate S2 areas, which is then significantly reduced. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-figure-supplement-1-3e3abgps.png Figure 3. Comparisons of the postnatal changes of contralateral axons during the P16 to P30 window upon manipulations in Nrp1 expression. A-C) High magnification tilescan images of the contralateral hemisphere of IUE brains analyzed at P16 (Blue arrow = S1/S2 column. Magenta arrow = S2 column. Green = GFP). Scale bar = 300 µm. D-G) Plots of ratios of GFP+ innervation in the indicated area, relative to ipsilateral IUE hemisphere and normalized to the value of P16 control. Mean ± SEM (n 4 brains, 2 sections per brain in all conditions). D) Contralateral innervation in all SS area (Two-way ANOVA: P-value Dynamics of contralateral innervation = 0.0012 (##); P-value Postnatal day = 0.1224; P-value Experimental condition = 0.0149. Posthoc with Tukey’s test: ** p-value Control P16 – shNrp1 P16 = 0.0044; *** p-value Control P16 – CAG-Nrp1 P16 = 0.0007). E) S1/S2 column (Two-way ANOVA: P-value Dynamics of S1/S2 column = 0.0052 (##); P-value Postnatal day = 0.0080; P-value Experimental condition = 0.2043. Posthoc with Tukey’s test: * p-value Control P16 – shNrp1 P16 = 0.0465; * p-value Control P16 – CAG-Nrp1 P16 = 0.0116). F) S2 column (Two-way ANOVA: P-value Dynamics of S2 column = 0.0114 (#); P-value Postnatal day = 0.3331; P-value Experimental condition < 0.0001. Posthoc with Tukey’s test: *** p-value Control P16 – shNrp1 P16 = 0.0003; *** p-value Control P16 – CAG-Nrp1 P16 = 0.0003; * p-value Control P30 – CAG-Nrp1 P30 = 0.0123). G) S2 column relative to S1/S2 column (Two-way ANOVA: P-value Dynamics S2 column relative to S1/S2 column = 0.2098 (n.s.); P-value Postnatal day = 0.8770; P-value Experimental condition < 0.0001. Posthoc with Tukey’s test: * p-value Control P16 – shNrp1 P16 = 0.0102; **** p-value Control P30 – CAG-Nrp1 P30 < 0.0001). Data for P30 are from Figure 1 and Figure 1 – Figure supplement 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-figure-supplement-1-analysis-of-contralateral-32x7rmhh.png Figure 3. Comparisons of the postnatal changes of contralateral axons during the P16 to P30 window upon manipulations in Nrp1 expression. A-C) High magnification tilescan images of the contralateral hemisphere of IUE brains analyzed at P16 (Blue arrow = S1/S2 column. Magenta arrow = S2 column. Green = GFP). Scale bar = 300 µm. D-G) Plots of ratios of GFP+ innervation in the indicated area, relative to ipsilateral IUE hemisphere and normalized to the value of P16 control. Mean ± SEM (n 4 brains, 2 sections per brain in all conditions). D) Contralateral innervation in all SS area (Two-way ANOVA: P-value Dynamics of contralateral innervation = 0.0012 (##); P-value Postnatal day = 0.1224; P-value Experimental condition = 0.0149. Posthoc with Tukey’s test: ** p-value Control P16 – shNrp1 P16 = 0.0044; *** p-value Control P16 – CAG-Nrp1 P16 = 0.0007). E) S1/S2 column (Two-way ANOVA: P-value Dynamics of S1/S2 column = 0.0052 (##); P-value Postnatal day = 0.0080; P-value Experimental condition = 0.2043. Posthoc with Tukey’s test: * p-value Control P16 – shNrp1 P16 = 0.0465; * p-value Control P16 – CAG-Nrp1 P16 = 0.0116). F) S2 column (Two-way ANOVA: P-value Dynamics of S2 column = 0.0114 (#); P-value Postnatal day = 0.3331; P-value Experimental condition < 0.0001. Posthoc with Tukey’s test: *** p-value Control P16 – shNrp1 P16 = 0.0003; *** p-value Control P16 – CAG-Nrp1 P16 = 0.0003; * p-value Control P30 – CAG-Nrp1 P30 = 0.0123). G) S2 column relative to S1/S2 column (Two-way ANOVA: P-value Dynamics S2 column relative to S1/S2 column = 0.2098 (n.s.); P-value Postnatal day = 0.8770; P-value Experimental condition < 0.0001. Posthoc with Tukey’s test: * p-value Control P16 – shNrp1 P16 = 0.0102; **** p-value Control P30 – CAG-Nrp1 P30 < 0.0001). Data for P30 are from Figure 1 and Figure 1 – Figure supplement 1. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-midbody-remnant-in-meiosis-ii-creating-tethered-11o2uqemci 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-model-tethered-polar-bodies-3u23hnkj.png Figure 7. Model. Tethered polar bodies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-first-midbody-remains-in-the-egg-following-pb1-xifn4umw.png Figure 3. First midbody remains in the egg following PB1 emission. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-failed-rotation-of-second-meiotic-spindle-giving-18f9ea02.png Figure 5. Failed rotation of second meiotic spindle giving two PB2 outpockets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dna-can-polarize-the-egg-cortex-in-ascidians-as-in-2eoi8geu.png Figure 6. DNA can polarize the egg cortex in ascidians as in mouse oocytes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plk1-venus-labels-the-midbody-that-forms-between-1ej1i8vg.png Figure 2. Plk1::Venus labels the midbody that forms between PB1 and the egg. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-small-protrusion-forms-on-the-surface-of-the-pb2-1de3t3sx.png Figure 1. A small protrusion forms on the surface of the PB2 outpocket in Phallusia. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tethered-polar-bodies-a-number-of-species-display-358j4k54.png Table 1. Tethered polar bodies. A number of species display tethered first and second polar bodies as in the ascidian and depicted in Scenario 1. This is not an exhaustive list since we have noted several other examples that are not detailed here. Notable exceptions are the vertebrates that do not show tethered polar bodies. *Center for Cell Dynamics website: http://rusty.fhl.washington.edu/celldynamics/gallery/index.html https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-second-meiotic-spindle-tilts-during-pb2-emission-ln8mu60g.png Figure 4. Second meiotic spindle tilts during PB2 emission. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-innate-like-lymphocytes-in-the-pathogenesis-of-1d14jin2hj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gr7vu503.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-nonequilibrium-water-vapor-diffusion-in-thermal-3rt25b9wv4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-equations-used-in-the-numerical-analyses-665-f335l4au.png TABLE 1. Equations used in the numerical analyses 665 https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-nucleopolyhedroviruses-npvs-in-the-management-of-3o4n7jgf4y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-5-effect-of-chemicals-on-the-bacterial-contaminants-126oxhux.png Table 2.5 Effect of chemicals on the bacterial contaminants in storage https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-6-sds-page-12-profile-of-polyhedrin-protein-3cs1ethi.png Fig. 2.6 SDS-PAGE (12 %) profile of polyhedrin protein preparations of NPVs. Purified polyhedral protein (polyhedrin) preparations of NPVs were separated in 12 % SDS-PAGE. The polyhedrin was appeared as single protein band in silver stained gel and the protein band at ~31 kDa was indicated with arrow mark. Lane 1: Protein molecular weight marker; Lane 2: HaNPV polyhedrin; Lane 3: SlNPV polyhedrin; Lane 4: AmalNPV polyhedrin https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-4-npv-infected-larvae-of-h-armigera-and-a-albistriga-2fscr9o5.png Fig. 2.4 NPV-infected larvae of H. armigera and A. albistriga: NPV-infected larvae of H. armigera on pigeon pea (a) and A. albistriga on groundnut (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1-morphological-characteristics-of-3vlz2tmk.png Fig. 2.1 Morphological characteristics of nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) and granuloviruses (GVs) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-2-scanning-electron-micrograph-of-pobs-scanning-3kbc6xgp.png Fig. 2.2 Scanning electron micrograph of POBs: scanning electron micrograph (SEM) images of occlusion bodies (OBs) of baculoviruses. The purified aqueous OBs of baculoviruses isolated from (a) H. armigera, (b) S. litura, and (c) A. albistriga were dehydrated, mounted over the stubs, applied with a thin layer of gold metal over the sample using sputter coater, and then scanned under EM. Magnification¼ 6,500 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-lt50-values-of-npv-isolates-against-the-second-and-1of7x9f8.png Table 2.2 LT50 values of NPV isolates against the second and third instar larvae https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-5-enumeration-of-poly-occlusion-bodies-pobs-under-bmkljkfi.png Fig. 2.5 Enumeration of poly-occlusion bodies (POBs) under phase-contrast microscope: POBs of NPVs were purified by differential centrifugation and enumerated under phase-contrast microscope at 1,000 magnification https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-3-transmission-electron-micrographs-of-the-cross-1ytlbth6.png Fig. 2.3 Transmission electron micrographs of the cross section of poly-occlusion bodies (POBs): Pellets of purified OBs of baculoviruses isolated from (a) H. armigera, (b) S. litura, and (c) A. albistriga were subjected to ultrathin sections, mounted on copper grids, and stained with saturated aqueous uranyl acetate and counterstained with 4 % lead citrate and observed under TEM. Magnification¼ 25,000 https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-openness-in-industrial-internet-platform-providers-4qcz1vlwd7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-product-lifecycle-management-phases-and-information-3r5jwmi6.png Fig. 1. Product lifecycle management phases and information flows within and between phases [19] https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-short-long-term-benefits-risks-of-platform-openness-ins0npqs.png Table 4. Short & long term - benefits & risks of platform openness for end-users https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-usage-of-industrial-internet-platforms-within-2sc8ncnx.png Table 3. Usage of industrial internet platforms within & between lifecycle phases https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-findings-from-kaa-iot-and-ptc-thingworx-based-on-2p8dna9y.png Table 2. Findings from Kaa IoT and PTC ThingWorx based on Openness dimensions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dimensions-and-sub-dimensions-of-platform-openness-1nesx9hl.png Table 1. Dimensions and sub-dimensions of platform openness [16] https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-oxygen-deposition-pressure-in-the-formation-of-ti-28ykskw7ka 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-hard-x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy-haxpes-1apirxpe.png Figure 3. (a) Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) overview scan of a TiO2/LAO sample with a photon energy of 6900 eV with all peaks labeled. (b) Zoomed-out image of the Ti 2p peak showing the Ti3+ shoulder around 457 eV for the sample grown at 10−5 mbar of oxygen pressure (red curve). (c) Al 1s X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) peak measured at different photoelectron emission angles θ, namely, 5° (blue), 40° (yellow), 60° (cyan), and 75° (green); schematics of the beam/sample/analyzer geometry is also reported. (d) Al 2s and Al 2p peaks measured with a photon energy of 440 eV at the APE beamline (synchrotron Elettra) of the sample grown at different oxygen pressures (from 10−5 up to 10−1 mbar). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-reciprocal-space-map-around-the-0-13-lao-and-0-17-9xa5vxph.png Figure 2. (a) Reciprocal space map around the (0−13)-LAO and (0−17)-TiO2 asymmetric Bragg reflections. (b) High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image of a TiO2/LAO film grown under an oxygen pressure of 10 −2 mbar. The image is taken in the [010] zone axis of the film showing shear planes homogeneously distributed all over the film; in the HRTEM shown in the top inset, the 1.3 nm periodicity of the crystallographic shear (CS) planes can be appreciated; in the lower inset is the diffractogram of the CS region, enlightening the presence of satellite peaks in addition to the characteristic pattern of anatase TiO2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-example-of-fit-of-the-ti-2p-xps-peak-obtained-1tnb2lhf.png Figure 5. (a) Example of fit of the Ti 2p XPS peak obtained with a photon energy of 610 eV showing the main Ti 2p3/2 environment (Ti 4+, blue) and the suboxide environment (Ti3+, red) obtained for a sample grown with an oxygen pressure of 10−2 mbar. (b) Fit of the resonant VB with three peaks in the VB (blue) and the in-gap state (red). The resonant VB is the difference between the VB at resonance (photon energy = 464 eV) and off resonance (photon energy = 450 eV) (red and black curves, respectively, in the top right inset). (c) General evolution of the presence of the Ti3+ environment (shown by the ratio Ti3+/Ti4+ extracted from the Ti 2p XPS peak; black) and the in-gap state (extracted from the ratio between the intensity of the in-gap electronic state and the total VB area; red) as a function of the growth oxygen pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-rheed-oscillation-during-the-tio2-thin-film-2v914po3.png Figure 1. Typical RHEED oscillation during the TiO2 thin film growth on the LaAlO3 (LAO) substrate at 10 −1 mbar. RHEED patterns were recorded at the beginning (i.e., bare substrate) and at the end of the deposition. In particular, the RHEED pattern at the end of the deposition showing a (4 × 1) surface reconstruction is zoomed out. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-x-ray-absorption-spectrum-red-curve-in-the-upper-2xdu9px2.png Figure 4. (a) X-ray absorption spectrum (red curve in the upper panel) and constant initial state (CIS) curve for the in-gap states at Eb = 1.8 eV as a function of the exciting photon energy (magenta line points in the lower panel). (b) ResPES map of the valence band (VB) as a function of the exciting photon energy; the X-ray absorption spectrum is also reported (red); and the energies at which the in-gap states show relative maxima (i.e., 459 and 464 eV corresponding to L3 and L2, respectively) are reported on the map [the energy resolution for X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS)/ ResPES experiments was about 100 meV]. (c) Angular-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) band dispersion of the TiO2 thin film (upper panel) grown at 10−2 mbar, with a zoomed-out image of the in-gap state region (lower left) and its angular integrated dependence with respect to the binding energy (BE, lower right). https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-oxygen-on-the-phase-stability-and-microstructure-3i3bzqwc1r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relative-quantity-of-the-phases-and-quality-3n6192o1.png Table 1 Relative quantity of the phases and quality parameters of the structural refinements for the CCTO samples sintered at different oxygen partial pressures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-structure-refinements-of-the-ccto-samples-sintered-at-dbchcsjy.png Fig. 2. Structure refinements of the CCTO samples sintered at 1100 ◦C/3 h in (a) 100% pO2 (CCTO100), (b) 10% pO2 (CCTO10), (c) 5% pO2 (CCTO5), and (d) 0.001% pO2 (CCTON2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-morphological-parameters-of-the-ccto-samples-2wbbugmx.png Table 2 Morphological parameters of the CCTO samples prepared at different oxygen partial pressures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-shows-a-typical-xrpd-pattern-of-the-ccto-powders-vd90eqzx.png Fig. 1 shows a typical XRPD pattern of the CCTO powders annealed at 900 ◦C for 12 h. The diffraction peaks can be indexed by the cubic body-centered perovskite-related structure, CaCu3Ti4O12, in accordance with the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) card #75-2188 in which all planes are indexed. The obtained CCTO powders are free of secondary phases, according to the XRPD detection limit, and the relative peak intensities indicate a polycrystalline sample without any preferential orientation. Rietveld refinements were performed by the cubic structure of space group Im-3 with a lattice parameter of 7.39347(3) Å [2], and the calculated pattern is shown in Fig. 1. The agreement factors (see right inset in Fig. 1) show an excellent agreement between the experimental and calculated patterns in which the calculated lattice parameter was 7.3956(8) Å, which is larger than the initial structure, and is expected for a powder material when compared to dense pellets sintered at high temperatures [2]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xrpd-pattern-for-ccto-powders-after-calcination-3b5qnku4.png Fig. 1 shows a typical XRPD pattern of the CCTO powders annealed at 900 ◦C for 12 h. The diffraction peaks can be indexed by the cubic body-centered perovskite-related structure, CaCu3Ti4O12, in accordance with the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) card #75-2188 in which all planes are indexed. The obtained CCTO powders are free of secondary phases, according to the XRPD detection limit, and the relative peak intensities indicate a polycrystalline sample without any preferential orientation. Rietveld refinements were performed by the cubic structure of space group Im-3 with a lattice parameter of 7.39347(3) Å [2], and the calculated pattern is shown in Fig. 1. The agreement factors (see right inset in Fig. 1) show an excellent agreement between the experimental and calculated patterns in which the calculated lattice parameter was 7.3956(8) Å, which is larger than the initial structure, and is expected for a powder material when compared to dense pellets sintered at high temperatures [2]. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-pathogens-signal-recalcitrance-and-organisms-ptmm58ip92 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-soil-aggregates-environmental-cues-and-a-broad-1hi3dds9.png Figure 3. Soil aggregates (environmental cues) and a broad variety of other ecosystem regulators control situation dependent the transcription of information, stored in the genomes, into mRNAs, the translation into proteins and other metabolic products, metabolites fluxes to the places of demand, and adaptation enabling to react on perturbations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-induction-and-expression-of-systemic-gained-2bmixqoz.png Figure 2. Induction and expression of systemic gained resistance, adapted from [Mauch-Mani and Metraux, 1998; Ausubel, 2005; Stein et al., 2008; Badri and Vivanco, 2009; Santner and Estelle, 2009]. The scheme shows how induction and expression of systemic gained resistance and the systemic answer on a virulent or necrotic attack, on pathogenic organism might occur. The complexity is only halfway understood and our daily increasing knowledge adds continually to the presented scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-biofilm-formation-around-hexachlorobenzene-hcb-31ssjezm.png Figure 1. Biofilm formation around hexachlorobenzene (HCB) crystals. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-planktonic-and-sessile-extracellular-metabolic-19inwox9lb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-biofilm-supernatants-from-p-aeruginosa-and-e-vnuio102.png Fig. 2 Effect of biofilm supernatants from P. aeruginosa and E. coli on biofilm biomass (a) and respiratory activity (b) of their single and mixed biofilms. The values are means of three separate assays, and the bars indicate SD. * p \ 0.01 (vs. TSB) in one-way ANOVA test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effect-of-the-planktonic-and-biofilm-supernatants-on-rtug0n4q.png Fig. 1 Effect of the planktonic and biofilm supernatants on growth of planktonic single cultures of P. aeruginosa (a), E. coli k-12 (b), and in mixed cultures of those bacteria (c). Values are means of three separate assays, and the bars indicate SD https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-proton-coupled-electron-transfer-in-o-o-bond-59jpz445s3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-efficiency-of-h2o-production-left-from-o2-by-co2-ii-3y1mxasa.png FIGURE 5. Efficiency of H2O production (left) from O2 by Co2(II,II) Pacman systems under homogeneous (Mets’ blue) and electrocatalytic (Mets’ orange) conditions. Effect of acid strength (right) on the course of O2 reduction by Co2(DPX) as measured under homogeneous conditions. No reaction is observed when the acid pKa > 12. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-homo-of-the-superoxide-complexes-of-a-co2-dpx-o2-20caod47.png FIGURE 6. HOMO of the superoxide complexes of (a) [Co2(DPX)(O2)] + and (b) [Co2(DPXM)(O2)] +. Co2DPX has significant electron density at the bound oxygen and consequently is able to accept a proton to drive O–O bond cleavage by PCET, and water is obtained. This is not the case for Co2DPXM, which cannot be protonated, thus leading to peroxide as the oxygen reduction product. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cycle-for-o2-reduction-by-cofacial-bisporphyrins-2etykvia.png FIGURE 7. Cycle for O2 reduction by cofacial bisporphyrins. Protonation of the superoxo intermediate (highlighted with a box) is the key to efficient reduction of O2 to H2O. The pKa value of the superoxide complex corresponds to the conjugate acid in benzonitrile. The top Co(III) ion (highlighted in violet) does not need to undergo a change in oxidation state to facilitate the O2 reduction chemistry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-diagram-detailing-the-three-branch-convergent-2iqeap96.png FIGURE 1. Flow diagram detailing the three-branch convergent methodology for the synthesis of cofacial Pacman bisporphyrin architectures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-representation-of-the-crystallographic-15pnc7x2.png FIGURE 2. Schematic representation of the crystallographic metrics obtained for several DPX and DPD Pacman derivatives. The value dct–ct corresponds to the intermetallic distance for the Pacman complexes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-graphical-juxtaposition-of-the-structurally-oxy27v0g.png FIGURE 8. Graphical juxtaposition of the structurally characterized hydrogen-bonded water channel of P450 (left) and a monomeric iron(III) Hangman heme model system (right). The pendant carboxylic acid of the Hangman system plays a role analogous role of the distal threonine of the enzymatic system, which acts to preorganize the bound water molecule within the enzymatic heme cleft. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-thermal-ellipsoid-plots-top-for-co2-ii-ii-pacman-2yk95ewo.png FIGURE 3. Thermal ellipsoid plots (top) for Co2(II,II) Pacman porphyrins that function as O2 reduction catalysts and overlay of cyclic voltammetric responses (blue) and rotating Pt ring-disk voltammograms (crimson) (bottom) for reduction of O2 at pyrolytic graphite disks coated with (a) Co2(DPX), (b) Co2(DPD), (c) Co2(DPXM), or (d) Co2(DPDM). The amount of H2O2 product produced from O2 reduction can be calculated from the ratio of the ring current, due to H2O2, with respect to the total reduction current at the catalyst-coated graphite disk. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-cycle-for-both-catalase-and-epoxidation-reactivity-3pavme4a.png FIGURE 9. Cycle for both catalase and epoxidation reactivity from a single Fe(III) Hangman platform. The initial reaction steps are identical for both reaction pathways: H2O2 binding and heterolytic O–O bond cleavage to generate a Cpd I-type intermediate. This ferryl intermediate can then oxidize either a second equivalent of H2O2 to generate O2 (catalase reactivity) or an organic substrate such as an olefin via an oxygen atom transfer reaction. The epoxidation chemistry is typically observed only when the iron Hangman center is replaced with the corresponding manganese derivative. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-pt-pd-g-al2o3-on-the-hds-of-4-6-dmbt-kinetic-2ompaf3974 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-catalysts-nomenclature-and-composition-considering-3tzjel79.png Table 1 Catalysts' nomenclature and composition considering that noble metal content was 1% wt. nom https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relative-kinetic-parameters-referenced-to-pd-g-al2o3-54igucga.png Table 4 Relative kinetic parameters referenced to Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalytic system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-modelfit-a-conversion-of-46-dmdbt-as-a-function-of-cvn1n6et.png Fig. 3.Modelfit. (a) Conversion of 4,6-DMDBT as a function of time. Product concentration profil Symbols represent observations and full lines the model fitting. In Figs. (b)–(d): (♦) C4,6-DMDBT https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-kinetic-parameters-19rmuaw5.png Table 3 Estimated kinetic parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-reaction-rates-integrated-over-time-and-integral-20xwm8k8.png Table 5 Reaction rates integrated over time and integral contribution factors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-reaction-scheme-for-the-hds-of-46-dmdbt-13drik5l.png Fig. 1. Reaction scheme for the HDS of 4,6-DMDBT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-observations-during-the-hds-of-46-dmdbt-on-pt-pd-1ge1ul23.png Fig. 2. Observations during the HDS of 4,6-DMDBT on Pt–Pd/γAl2O3 systems: a) Conversion of 4,6-DMDBT as a function of time; and b) Concentration of reaction products integrated over time. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-s-se-ratio-in-chemical-bonding-of-as-s-se-glasses-45bpe1hba8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-xps-data-fitting-parameters-is-the-doublet-binding-klpp8cea.png TABLE II. XPS data fitting parameters: is the doublet binding energy separation for p or d orbits, DR is the area ratio for the doublets, FWHM is the full width at half maximum of the peaks, and Mix is the Gaussian/ Lorentzian mix factor of the peaks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-xps-as3d-spectra-and-deconvolution-of-bulk-1n7ia7qh.png FIG. 3. XPS As3d spectra and deconvolution of bulk chalcogenide glasses As40S60−xSex. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-raman-spectra-and-deconvolution-of-bulk-chalcogenide-11i0t6nl.png FIG. 2. Raman spectra and deconvolution of bulk chalcogenide glasses As40S60−xSex. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-valence-bands-in-as24s76-xsex-bulk-chalcogenide-11npbnoo.png FIG. 11. Valence bands in As24S76−xSex bulk chalcogenide glasses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-a-arsenic-k-edge-exafs-spectra-and-b-the-fourier-21c2r1ax.png FIG. 12. a Arsenic K-edge EXAFS spectra and b the Fourier-transformed arsenic K-edge EXAFS for As24S76−xSex. Three sample compositions examined include Fig. 1 composition number : 1 As24S19Se57 9 , 2 As24S38Se38 8 , and 3 As24S57Se19 7 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-exafs-data-fitting-results-n-neighboring-atom-15mkdbar.png TABLE III. EXAFS data-fitting results: N—neighboring atom number; R—the distance from neighboring atom to the absorbing atom; —the standard deviation of the interatomic distance, and E0—correction for estimated edge step E0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-xps-se3d-spectra-and-deconvolution-of-bulk-1juflrht.png FIG. 4. XPS Se3d spectra and deconvolution of bulk chalcogenide glasses As40S60−xSex. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-xps-s2p-and-se3p-spectra-and-deconvolution-of-bulk-1baznx7o.png FIG. 5. XPS S2p and Se3p spectra and deconvolution of bulk chalcogenide glasses As40S60−xSex. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-selective-alpha-and-beta-adrenergic-receptor-166id1vz3n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-a-norepinephrine-b-phenylephrine-a2-c-alajbpdf.png Figure 1 Effect of a norepinephrine, b phenylephrine (α2), c ritodrine (β2), and d ZD7114 (β3) on spontaneous activity. Cumulatively administered molar doses of agents caused a dosedependent decrease in contractile activity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-effect-of-ritodrine-rt-b2-on-spontaneous-activity-monjgq2t.png Figure 3 a Effect of ritodrine (Rt; β2) on spontaneous activity. Ritodrine was administered cumulatively and caused a dose-dependent decrease in contractile activity. b In the presence of TTX, the dosedependent reduction in amplitude was smaller, thus reducing the overall inhibitory effect induced by ritodrine. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reduction-in-basal-tone-induced-by-adrenergic-2y7ad40j.png Table 3 Reduction in Basal Tone Induced by Adrenergic Agonist without or with Tetrodotoxin (TTX; 10−6 M) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reduction-in-amplitude-induced-by-adrenergic-agonist-k624xo65.png Table 2 Reduction in Amplitude Induced by Adrenergic Agonist without or with Tetrodotoxin (TTX; 10−6 M) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dose-responses-of-a-clonidine-a1-and-phenylephrine-2p9o48qx.png Figure 2 Dose–responses of a clonidine (α1) and phenylephrine (α2) and b prenalterol (β1), ritodrine (β2), and ZD7114 (β3) compared with norepinephrine. Values represent percent mean±SEM (n=10 rats). https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-sulfhydryl-sites-on-bacterial-cell-walls-in-the-mn1a6d5o18 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-hg-l3-edge-xanes-b-k-2-weighted-kh-k-data-c-real-3cenr7ib.png Figure 2. a) Hg L3 edge XANES, b) k 2 weighted χ(k) data, c) real part of the Fourier transform, and d) Fourier transform magnitude of EXAFS data for Hg adsorption to Shewanella oneidensis as a function of adsorbed Hg concentration at pH 5.5 (± 0.2). The red and blue lines in the Fourier transform magnitude of EXAFS data correspond to 2.02 and 2.51 Å (phase corrected), respectively. A systematic change in the binding of Hg from Hg-S3, Hg-S to Hg-carboxyl complex was observed with increasing Hg concentration in both XANES (pointed with thin arrows in “a”) and EXAFS spectra, a trend that was observed for all bacterial species examined. Cell density in this study was 10 10 cell/L. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-adsorption-of-hg-onto-gram-positive-b-subtilis-blue-2s1j48ss.png Figure 1. Adsorption of Hg onto gram-positive B. subtilis (blue symbols) and gram-negative S. oneidensis (red squares) cells, in the absence (left) and presence of 0.001 M Cl (right). Experimental conditions: 0.2 g/L cells; 75 M Hg; 0.1 M NaClO4 electrolyte to buffer ionic strength. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-spin-orbit-coupling-in-the-physical-properties-of-la-55t8tab3bo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-the-calculated-values-of-the-physical-quantities-1apomwbd.png TABLE V. The calculated values of the physical quantities related to superconductivity in LaX3 (X = In, Pb, and Bi) with SOC (without SOC). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-phonon-dispersion-curves-and-phonon-density-of-states-maur2blg.png FIG. 4. Phonon dispersion curves and phonon density of states with SOC for LaIn3. Phonon spectrum without SOC is shown by open circles while the total phonon density of states without SOC is shown by the dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-electronic-band-structures-of-lain3-lapb3-and-labi3-37r6cyva.png FIG. 2. Electronic band structures of LaIn3, LaPb3, and LaBi3 for high-symmetry lines of the simple cubic lattice with and without spin-orbit coupling (SOC). The Fermi level is chosen to be 0 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-calculated-zone-center-phonon-frequencies-n-in-thz-41y4lv33.png TABLE IV. Calculated zone-center phonon frequencies (ν in THz) and their eigencharacters λ for LaIn3, LaPb3, and LaBi3. IR and S denote infrared active and silent vibrations, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-total-and-partial-density-of-states-with-soc-for-a-2girb21s.png FIG. 3. Total and partial density of states with SOC for (a) LaIn3, (b) LaPb3, and (c) LaBi3. Total density of states without SOC for all the considered compounds are also shown by a black dashed curve. The Fermi level is chosen to be 0 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-phonon-dispersion-curves-and-phonon-density-of-states-1icmag4w.png FIG. 5. Phonon dispersion curves and phonon density of states with SOC for LaPb3. The phonon spectrum without SOC is shown by open circles while the total phonon density of states without SOC is shown by the dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-aucu3-type-crystal-structure-of-lain3-lapb3-and-9858txe3.png FIG. 1. The AuCu3-type crystal structure of LaIn3, LaPb3, and LaBi3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-lattice-parameter-a-bulk-modulus-b-its-pressure-1dcivjxz.png TABLE I. Lattice parameter a, bulk modulus B, its pressure derivative B ′, and second-order elastic constants (C11, C12, and C44) for LaIn3, LaPb3, and LaBi3 and their comparison with previous experimental and theoretical results. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-the-activity-coefficient-in-the-dissemination-of-ph-5crnvf9wnd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-acidity-function-p-ahccl-as-a-function-of-the-added-201dvaaj.png Fig. 1 Acidity function p(aHcCl) as a function of the added chloride for the phosphate buffer at 288.15, 298.15, and 310.15 K. The following relationship is assumed [1]: log (aHcCl)= log (aHcCl) S mCl https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-extrapolated-data-of-the-acidity-function-at-zero-1u5by8mj.png Table 3 Extrapolated data of the acidity function at zero chloride concentration for three temperatures and two ionic strength values, and the corresponding paH https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimentally-obtained-acidity-function-1mf6dnkt.png Table 1 Experimentally obtained acidity function extrapolated to zero chloride concentration p(aHcCl) , the activity coefficient of chloride ion, log(cCl) , and the resulting paH from measurements on phosphate buffer at three temperatures (288.15, 298.15, and 310.15 K). E evaluation conditions: HCl 0.01 mol kg 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-step-by-step-calculation-of-the-activity-coefficient-2v2foeik.png Table 2 Step by step calculation of the activity coefficient ci for a singly charged ion (Eq. 9) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-pah-activity-scale-and-pch-3137povv.png Table 4 Comparison of paH (activity scale) and pcH (concentration scale) values obtained with the primary Harned cell and the glass electrode, respectively, at 298.15 K using different activity coefficients https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-tropical-atlantic-sst-variability-as-a-modulator-of-1ikjkqq784 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-jf-z500-left-panel-and-jf-ssta-right-panel-composite-172g584a.png Fig. 5. JF Z500 (left panel) and JF SSTA (right panel) composite map of ‘ENSO only’, and ‘NATL only’, and ‘ENSO + NATL’ cases in observations. Note that the regions where significance level is over 99% are shaded. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-surface-temperature-left-panel-and-precipitation-2k6f5wk9.png Fig. 11. The surface temperature (left panel) and precipitation (right panel) composite of ‘conventional ENSO’, ‘ENSO only’, ‘NATL only’, and ‘ENSO + NATL’ cases in the model. Note that the criteria for composites are same as the right panels of Fig. 9, and the regions where significance level is over 99% are shaded. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-scatter-diagram-between-the-normalized-natl-and-1e44p6n1.png Fig. 6. The scatter diagram between the normalized NATL, and Nino3 magnitude. North Atlantic Z500 index is defined as a area averagedvalue of Z500 anomalies over North Atlantic regions (80oW-30oW, 50oN-60 o N), then red (blue) dots denotes the events when the intensity of North Atlantic Z500 index is larger (smaller) than 0.5 (−0.5) standard deviations. In addition, black dots denote the events when the intensity of North Atlantic Z500 index is between −0.5 and 0.5 standard deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-same-as-fig-9-but-for-sst-anomalies-3hzq01um.png Fig. 10. Same as Fig. 9, but for SST anomalies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-z500-anomaly-composite-map-of-enso-only-upper-12y02wj1.png Fig. 9. The Z500 anomaly composite map of ‘ENSO only’ (upper panel) and ‘ENSO + NATL’ (lower panel) cases when Nino3 index have NATL warming (left panels) and moderate positive magnitudes (right panel, between 0.5 and 1.5 standard deviations). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-composite-map-of-jan-to-feb-jf-sst-and-500-hpa-2vbj86pp.png Fig. 1. Composite map of Jan. to Feb. (JF) SST, and 500 hpa geopotential height (Z500) anomalies during El Niño. Note that the regions where significance level is over 99% are shaded. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-correlation-map-between-jf-z500-anomalies-and-a-jf-l34xtb6z.png Fig. 2. Correlation map between JF Z500 anomalies, and (a) JF Nino3, and (b) JF NATL indices using observations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-surface-temperature-left-panel-and-precipitation-1j3ftv3k.png Fig. 7. The surface temperature (left panel) and precipitation (right panel) composite of ‘conventional ENSO’, ‘ENSO only’, ‘NATL only’, and ‘ENSO + NATL’ cases in observations. Note that the regions where significance level is over 99% are shaded. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-vacancies-in-metal-insulator-transitions-of-ujq4qeh3o0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-snapshot-of-the-highest-occupied-molecular-orbital-3hn6028s.png FIG. 3. a) Snapshot of the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) of the completely random cubic model (Cub - 25 %) of GST. This state corresponds to the largest Inverse Participation Ratio (IPR) value (4.4 · 10−2) shown in Fig. b. Isosurfaces render a value of 0.012 a.u: this value corresponds to the boundary region where the exponential decay of the state occurs (see Supplementary Information). b) IPR of the different models of cubic and hexagonal GST described in the text. Notations are the same as in Fig. 2. The dramatic decrease of the IPRs of states at EF upon vacancy ordering provides clear evidence of a MIT driven by disorder. c) Snapshot of the HOMO state of the perfect hexagonal phase (Hex - 100 % d) of GST. The corresponding IPR value is 1.4 · 10−3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-local-density-of-states-ldos-on-the-500-te-sites-in-a-22gf2bfl.png FIG. 1. Local density of states (LDOS) on the 500 Te sites in a Ge125Sb250Te500 supercell. Colour coding is used to differentiate between Te atoms with different number of nearest neighbour vacancies, nVac. For each of these groups the average LDOS is shown as a thick line in the corresponding colour. An increasing number of nearest-neighbour vacancies leads to a pronounced increase in the density of Te states near EF. This is further corroborated in the inset, which shows the average LDOS at EF on Te atoms as a function of nVac, calculated from the bigger Ge512Sb1024Te2048 supercell. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-total-energy-per-atom-ediff-of-the-models-of-cubic-qd0yrsui.png FIG. 2. a) Total energy per atom, Ediff , of the models of cubic GST, hexagonal GST and intermediate structures studied. In the plot the zero of the energy coincides with the energy of the most favourable structure, hexagonal 100 % d. Insets show the starting random cubic phase, the final “perfect” hexagonal phase and two intermediate phases. The random cubic phase contains 24 layers. In the structures where vacancy layers have fully formed, the number of atomic layers is 21. The last four points (100 % a-d) correspond to hexagonal structures containing completely formed vacancy layers, which differ in the distribution of Ge and Sb atoms in the Ge/Sb layers. In particular, in models 100 % a-c compositional Ge/Sb disorder is present on these layers. Model 100 % a corresponds to the structure proposed in Ref. 27, which contains 75% Sb on the two outer Ge/Sb layers and 50% Sb on the central one (see Supplementary Information). The next two structures, b and c, are obtained by increasing the concentration of Sb on the outer Ge/Sb layers, and decreasing it on the central layer (83%, 33% and 92%, 17% respectively). Finally, point d corresponds to the perfect hexagonal phase with two pure Sb layers and one pure Ge layer, as shown in the last inset. The plot clearly shows that the formation of the vacancy layers yields the most significant reduction in energy. It also suggests that the structural transition to the hexagonal phase occurs before the vacancy planes have completely formed. https://scispace.com/papers/roles-of-periodic-breathing-and-isocapnic-buffering-period-2oxbwi84vj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-measurements-of-near-infrared-spectroscopy-nirs-2b38dqmc.png Figure 2. Measurements of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) data at rest in a patient with periodic breathing at rest. Fluctuation of oxygenated haemoglobin (HBO2), de-oxygenated haemoglobin (HB) and total haemoglobin (tHB) are reported. The cycle length is approximately 130 seconds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-five-year-survival-assessed-by-the-composite-of-3df8cits.png Figure 4. Five-year survival, assessed by the composite of cardiovascular death, urgent heart transplantation (HT) and left ventricular assist device (LVAD) in groups 1 (neither anaerobic threshold (AT) nor respiratory compensation point (RCP) detectable), 2 (detectable AT but no RCP) and 3 (both AT and RCP detectable), respectively. Reproduced from Carriere et al.42 with permission. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-survival-and-presence-of-exercise-oscillatory-8m86rche.png Figure 3. Survival and presence of exercise oscillatory ventilation in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and in patients with heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF). Kaplan–Meier survival curves of study endpoint (cardiovascular death, urgent heart transplant or left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation) stratified according to the presence or absence of exercise oscillatory ventilation (EOVþ and EOV–) in patients with HFrEF and in patients with HFmrEF. Comparison among the groups (HFmrEF EOV– vs. HFmrEF EOVþ: P¼ 0.020, v2¼ 5.4; HFmrEF EOV– vs. HFrEF EOV–: P¼ 0.000, v2¼ 31.1; HFmrEF EOV– vs. HFrEF EOVþ: P¼ 0.000; v2¼ 75.9; HFmrEF EOVþ vs. HFrEF EOV–: P¼ 0.280, v2¼ 1.17; HFmrEF EOVþ vs. HFrEF EOVþ: P¼ 0.000, v2¼ 29.7; HFrEF EOV– vs. HFrEF EOVþ: P¼ 0.000; v2¼ 9.9). Reproduced from Rovai et al.41 with permission. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ventilation-oxygen-consumption-vo2-and-minute-3vi985yn.png Figure 1. Ventilation, oxygen consumption (VO2) and minute ventilation (VE)/carbon dioxide production (VCO2) and derived parameter changes during exercise. The isocapnic buffering period is identified between the anaerobic threshold (AT) and the respiratory compensation point (RCP). Reproduced from Carriere et al.17 with permission. https://scispace.com/papers/roll-contact-fatigue-defect-recognition-using-computer-5ae6f48l64 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-principle-of-transfer-learning-and-fine-tuning-26qcn124.png Figure 3. The principle of transfer learning and fine-tuning using AlexNet https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-architecture-of-the-dcnn-alexnet-1zljgnyu.png Figure 2. The architecture of the DCNN AlexNet https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-several-pre-trained-dcnn-1bhlk3r0.png Table 3. Comparison of several pre-trained DCNN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-from-left-to-right-the-input-image-and-the-1oxc9ipg.png Figure 9. From left to right – the input image and the subgraphs from the 43rd channel of Con1 and the 199th channel of Con5 produced by the FT-AlexNet for an example squat defect image (a) original image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-images-from-the-dataset-including-two-of-3dpopsv4.png Figure 4. Example images from the dataset, including two of each category: (a) Head check, (b) Shelling, and (c) Squat. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-accuracy-and-loss-with-respect-to-the-training-and-2l6igbfn.png Figure 5. Accuracy and loss with respect to the training and testing sets as FT-AlexNet was trained for the initial test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-confusion-matrix-for-alexnet-for-the-initial-test-3oalomz3.png Figure 6 Confusion matrix for AlexNet for the initial test. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parameters-for-each-layer-of-alexnet-dm6eaaj7.png Table 5. Parameters for each layer of AlexNet. https://scispace.com/papers/rolling-adjoints-fast-greeks-along-monte-carlo-scenarios-for-4g66safgbq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-t0-vega-values-for-bermudan-put-option-on-a-single-4oppa6rk.png Table 7. t0 Vega values for Bermudan put option on a single asset for a case where the initial asset price is close to the early-exercise boundary. The values in brackets are the standard errors from thirty trials. The reference values are computed by the COS method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-the-computational-time-for-the-different-approaches-1ia7vl4y.png Table 10. The computational time for the different approaches for the single asset and the two asset case. The experiments were run on an Intel Quadcore processor and the code was implemented in Matlab. Note that SGBM extended computes in total 9 million sensitivities for the single asset case and close to 2.9 million sensitivities for the two asset case. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-t0-delta-values-for-bermudan-spread-option-on-two-hr3aub8t.png Table 8. t0 Delta values for Bermudan spread option on two assets. The values in brackets are the standard errors from thirty trials. The parameters for this experiment are taken from Table 5.1.1 Set 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-vega-t0-values-for-bermudan-spread-option-on-two-3ma1z6cu.png Table 9. Vega t0 values for Bermudan spread option on two assets. The values in brackets are the standard errors from thirty trials. The parameters for this experiment are taken from Table 5.1.1 Set 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sgbm-vegas-plotted-against-bs-vegas-with-the-owpglvic.png Figure 4. SGBM Vegas plotted against BS Vegas with the corresponding residuals from a linear fit at (a) t1 = 0.02 years (b) t20 = 0.4 years, (c) t35 = 0.7 years, (d) t49 = 0.98 years. Parameters from Table 5.1.1 are used. The t0 BS Vega is 14.2469 and computed using SGBM is 14.2475 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-t0-price-and-greeks-for-a-european-option-when-n7rwtnrr.png Table 3. The t0 price and Greeks for a European option when an inexact Euler discretization scheme is used for simulating the Monte Carlo scenarios and SGBM extended is used for pricing and for computing Greeks along the paths. The corresponding values from an exact discretization and closed for BS is also presented. The initial asset value is 36, and other parameters are taken from Set I in Table 5.1.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-t0-delta-values-for-bermudan-put-option-on-a-single-sj184r9b.png Table 4. t0 Delta values for Bermudan put option on a single asset for different initial asset prices. The values in brackets are the standard errors from thirty trials. The reference value is computed by the COS method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-mae-of-sgbm-vega-for-an-increasing-number-of-1ed2e1vh.png Figure 5. The MAE of SGBM Vega for an increasing number of bundles at different monitoring dates (a) t1 = 0.02 years (b) t20 = 0.4 years, (c) t35 = 0.7 years, (d) t49 = 0.98 years. The basis functions used were φk(Xtm) = (log(Xtm )) k−1 , k = 1, . . . 4. https://scispace.com/papers/rolling-stock-door-system-reliability-improvement-using-4yqseoxm2i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-emergency-egress-handle-two-state-transition-2et22nik.png Figure 2. Emergency Egress handle two state transition probability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-maintenance-optimisation-simulation-results-2ay5y1h5.png Figure 3 Maintenance optimisation simulation results https://scispace.com/papers/rolling-moments-in-a-trailing-vortex-flow-field-3guhi4nw7m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-measured-ro-l-l-i-ng-m-o-m-e-n-t-and-l-i-f-t-yv-s-7jeou9t1.png Figure 14. - Measured ro l l i .ng m o m e n t and l i f t , yv/s = -0.5, force model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-comparisor-of-predicted-and-measured-span-loadings-386rk1z6.png Figure 17.- Comparisor~ of predicted and measured span loadings. zv/c = 0.05. Predictions use rect i l inear , https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-vortex-positions-pressurf-model-hortzontal-wing-2ro68xsh.png TABLE 3 . - VORTEX POSITIONS, PRESSURF, MODEL, HORTZONTAL WING https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-measured-r-o-l-l-i-n-g-moment-and-l-i-f-t-t-c-0-05-37jtmemy.png Figure 15.- Measured r o l l i n g moment and l i f t , t / c = 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-vortex-p-o-s-i-t-i-o-n-s-force-model-1kexwb7u.png TABLE 2.- VORTEX P O S I T I O N S , FORCE MODEL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-measured-rolling-m-o-m-e-n-t-and-l-i-f-t-yy-s-0-5-1tvw0le1.png Figure 12. - Measured rolling m o m e n t and l i f t , yy/s = 0.5, horizontal w i n g . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-concluded-3s8dv6fx.png Figure 18. - Concluded. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-vorticity-meter-output-3d3eau7z.png Figure 6.- Vorticity meter output. https://scispace.com/papers/romulus-et-remus-la-louve-et-la-prostituee-44vkciuzfw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-autel-de-mars-et-venus-panneau-avec-representation-du-h0clxiea.png Fig. 1 — Autel de Mars et Venus, panneau avec représentation du lupercal : Romulus et Rémus nourris par la louve, entourés par des représentations du Tibre et du Palatin. Marbre, œuvre romaine de la fin du règne de Trajan (98-117 ap. J.-C.), réemployée sous le règne d'Hadrien (117-132 ap. J.-C.) comme base pour une statue du dieu Silvain. Trouvé à Ostie, place des Corporations. Conservé au musée de Palazzo Massimo alle Terme (Rome). https://scispace.com/papers/rooftop-solar-photovoltaic-technical-potential-in-the-united-36amykfib2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-tilt-classes-eeulgwab.png Figure 8. Tilt classes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-u-s-solar-resource-phkxlfik.png Figure 13. U.S. solar resource https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-6-spatial-autocorrelation-of-percentage-of-2tub432z.png Figure B-6. Spatial autocorrelation of percentage of buildings that are small and suitable for PV, with data aggregated into ZIP codes, both before and after regression fitting https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-4-probability-distribution-functions-for-each-1t2xlnn6.png Figure A-4. Probability distribution functions for each combination of azimuth and tilt for small buildings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-3-fraction-of-small-buildings-with-flat-planes-fyi8vp2r.png Figure A-3. Fraction of small buildings with flat planes grouped by locale type https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-annual-rooftop-pv-generation-potential-for-medium-2wg5mc6d.png Figure 16. Annual rooftop PV generation potential for medium and large buildings https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-assumptions-for-pv-performance-simulations-3bdyx1dk.png Table 1. Assumptions for PV Performance Simulations https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-building-planes-small-buildings-3ch9t3ng.png Table C-1. Building Planes: Small Buildings https://scispace.com/papers/room-acoustics-in-coupled-volume-spaces-2g59ygy62e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-absorption-ratio-levels-2ic0vljq.png Table 1: Absorption Ratio Levels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-double-slope-decay-resulting-from-a-coupled-3a70c858.png Figure 1. Example double slope decay resulting from a coupled volume space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-decay-profiles-from-the-coupled-volume-concert-hall-xrs6gfdn.png Figure 4. Decay profiles from the coupled volume concert hall computer model for different aperture sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-decay-profiles-from-the-coupled-volume-concert-hall-1mulx03z.png Figure 3. Decay profiles from the coupled volume concert hall computer model for different absorption ratios. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-aperture-opening-size-levels-10et5z72.png Table 2: Aperture Opening Size Levels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plan-view-of-computer-modeled-coupled-volume-11jpn6oo.png Figure 2. Plan view of computer modeled coupled volume concert hall. https://scispace.com/papers/room-localization-for-distant-speech-recognition-3jzezqckj1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-averaged-word-accuracies-wacc-over-the-dev1-test1-3my54d3x.png Table 1: Averaged word accuracies (WAcc, %) over the (Dev1,Test1,Test2) sets of the DIRHA-GRID database for different room localizations and configurations of the proposed system. * means not available result because not oracle information. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-vad-estimations-by-the-deep-belief-network-dbn-for-2gfyo1lc.png Figure 2: VAD estimations by the deep belief network (DBN) for the five rooms of the apartment for the signal sim2 of Dev1. The abscissa represents the frame number. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-block-diagram-of-the-proposed-system-for-distant-15wqz7wr.png Figure 1: Block diagram of the proposed system for distant speech recognition which consists of a 40-elements microphone network, VAD for each room, room localization of the utterance, estimation of its position in the room, beamforming, enhancement of the single-channel signal and ASR. https://scispace.com/papers/room-temperature-compressibility-and-diffusivity-of-liquid-4kzq528ceu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-best-fit-value-for-the-mixing-parameter-ahdl-in-the-39b86a1t.png FIG. 11. Best fit value for the mixing parameter αHDL in the LDL/HDL linear mixing model, for the O–O RDFs from AIMD simulations. The values at ∼300 K are for simulations of 200 molecules, and those at ∼260 K of 128 molecules. The two open circles give the end points of the mixing,53 while the cross gives the best fit value for the experimental RDF at ambient conditions from Ref. 52. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-convergence-of-the-o-o-rdf-with-system-size-the-number-2h3brw4b.png FIG. 1. Convergence of the O–O RDF with system size; the number of molecules in the simulation box Nm is given in the key. The vertical dashed lines indicate half the box size LNm . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-the-o-o-rdfs-obtained-using-the-standard-1g4l6521.png FIG. 2. Comparison of the O–O RDFs obtained using the standard (P)dζ + p and high-quality qζ + dp bases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-variation-of-the-self-diffusion-coefficient-with-7d0m1jnb.png FIG. 12. Variation of the self-diffusion coefficient with density from AIMD simulations (200 D2O molecules, ∼300 K). Experimental data for H2O from Ref. 56 (298 K), and for D2O from Ref. 57 (single point, 298 K) and Ref. 62 (trend, 303 K). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pressure-density-curves-from-aimd-simulations-at-fixed-20frk859.png FIG. 4. Pressure–density curves from AIMD simulations at fixed density (200 molecules, ∼300 K). Experimental data at 300 K from Ref. 49; data for vdW-DF (64 molecules, ∼300 K) from Ref. 28. Black dashed dotted lines show the fitted virial equation for each functional. The inset shows the corresponding compressibility–density curves (solid lines from the fit, and points from finite differences). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-evolution-of-the-pressure-of-the-system-during-the-15ei0ep0.png FIG. 5. Evolution of the pressure of the system during the production run for the vdW-DFPBE AIMD simulations at different densities (200 molecules, ∼300 K). The solid lines show the instantaneous pressure averaged over intervals of 50 fs, and the dashed lines show the cumulative running average starting from t = 2.5 ps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-error-in-pressures-calculated-in-siesta-with-respect-x9qjfork.png FIG. 3. Error in pressures calculated in SIESTA with respect to converged PW pressures for 200 snapshots of the liquid at two different densities. The dashed lines show the fits used for the basis set correction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-details-of-all-aimd-simulations-listed-are-the-274wpesy.png TABLE III. Details of all AIMD simulations. Listed are the number of molecules in the simulation box (Nm), the xc functional (Exc), the duration of the production run (τ run), the density (ρ), the average and target temperatures (Tav and Tequil, respectively), the average pressure (Pav) and the pressure estimate at the target temperature (Pcorr), the average self-diffusion coefficient (Dav), and the coordinates of the first two maxima and minima in the RDF (r(i), g (i) OO). https://scispace.com/papers/room-temperature-large-area-nanoimprinting-for-broadband-b03ydbimcg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-experimental-transmission-curves-at-36ei60zx.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) Experimental transmission curves at normal incidence obtained from HSQ nanorod arrays, HSQ thin film, and bare glass substrate. (b) Simulated transmission obtained using approximately the same nanorod height and film thickness as in experimental case. We used n¼ 1.52 and n¼ 1.41 for the refractive indices of glass and HSQ, respectively, in simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-ellipsometric-reflectance-measurements-1vqk24bz.png FIG. 2. (Color online) (a) Ellipsometric reflectance measurements acquired at oblique incidences (15 -65 ) from HSQ thin film and (b) reflectance curves obtained from ordered HSQ nanorod arrays on the same glass sample at the same incidence angles. Specular reflection from HSQ nanorod surface is below 1% for all visible region up to 55 incidence angles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-sem-image-of-aao-membranes-showing-37hkil8k.png FIG. 1. (Color online) (a) SEM image of AAO membranes showing porous architecture over a large area before used in NIL (inset is high magnification image of same membrane showing hexagonal ordering and pore size). (b) Schematic illustrations describing fabrication steps of HSQ ordered nanorod arrays. (c) SEM micrograph of HSQ nanorod arrays (inset shows high magnification image of same ordered arrays). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-two-dimensional-plot-for-transmission-1cu0kzfp.png FIG. 4. (Color online) (a) Two-dimensional plot for transmission through HSQ tapered nanorod array on both sides of a glass substrate as a function of nanorod height and wavelength of the light. The vertical dashed line corresponds to the optimum height of nanorods (175 nm). (b) Calculated average transmission as a function of nanorod height for array structures on both sides of glass substrate. (c) Polarization dependent transmission as a function of incidence angle for tapered nanorod array/thin film system at the wavelength of 550 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/room-temperature-single-crystal-diffuse-scattering-and-ab-kyxu3d6gni 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-structural-parameters-294nbpu8.png Table 2: Structural parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-color-online-h-0-l-layer-corresponding-to-the-3itxxug8.png Figure 7 (Color online): (h,0,l) layer corresponding to the neutron data calculated for various frequency cutoffs of 40, 80, 120 cm-1 (top row), 160, 200, 240 cm-1(middle row), and 280, 320, 360 cm-1 (bottom row) going from left to right in each row. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-color-online-comparison-of-observed-and-calculated-b8tzxou0.png Figure 2 (Color online): Comparison of observed and calculated (upper and lower half in each https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-color-online-comparison-of-observed-and-calculated-12ho6brb.png Figure 5 (Color online): Comparison of observed and calculated neutron diffuse scattering using DFPT and eqs. (1) and (2). The upper half in each plot are the data, lower half the pattern. Color scales of the computed images were adjusted to match the experimental data. Bragg peaks are not included in the theoretical patterns. The reciprocal space sections are the same as those in Figures 2 and 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-color-online-comparison-of-observed-and-calculated-3pio8n5s.png Figure 6 (Color online): Comparison of observed and calculated X-ray diffuse scattering using DFPT and eqs. (1) and (2). The upper half in each plot are the data, lower half the pattern. Bragg peaks are not included. Reciprocal space sections are the same as those in Figures 2 and 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-color-online-comparison-of-observed-and-calculated-wvt90yg0.png Figure 3 (Color online): Comparison of observed and calculated (upper and lower half in each image, respectively) X-ray diffuse scattering, including Bragg peaks for the reciprocal space sections corresponding to, from left to right, upper row: (h0l), (h,0.52,l), (h1l), (h,1.57,l), lower row: (h,2.09,l), (h,2.96,l), (h4l), (h,5.05,l). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-neutron-and-x-ray-data-collection-data-collection-10eukxr7.png Table 1: Neutron and X-ray data collection data collection and refinement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-color-online-crystal-structure-of-catisio5-from-the-3o5lzd9l.png Figure 1 (Color online): Crystal structure of CaTiSiO5 from the joint X-ray and neutron refinement. The unit cell content is expanded according to 2a × b × c. Thermal ellipsoid are shown corresponding to 50% probability level. Chains of TiO6 octahedra (blue) and linking SiO4 tetrahedra (green) are highlighted, and the unit cell is indicated. https://scispace.com/papers/room-temperature-magnetoelectric-coupling-in-single-phase-4e194ch9rq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-x-ray-diffraction-pattern-for-bt-xbfo-ceramics-a-with-1lvbmaod.png FIG. 1. X-ray diffraction pattern for BT–xBFO ceramics (a) with x¼ 0.025 – 1.0 and (b) with x¼ 0.710 – 0.775 and 1.0, (c) lattice parameter and rhombohedral distortion angle and (d) volume of unit cell for BT–xBFO ceramics with x¼ 0.710 – 0.775 and 1.0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-dme-coefficient-adme-and-b-cme-coefficient-acme-for-1uxlyvbn.png FIG. 4. (a) DME coefficient (aDME) and (b) CME coefficient (aCME) for BT–0.725BFO/Ni laminates as a function of Hbias. Insets are schematic diagrams of DME and CME samples and expanded views of aME–Hbias hysteresis to clearly show the remnant aDME and aCME at zero Hbias. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-pdfs-analysis-b-room-temperature-p-e-curves-and-c-39rsmhh2.png FIG. 3. (a) PDFs analysis, (b) room-temperature P – E curves, and (c) room-temperature M – H curves as a function of BFO mole fraction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-variation-of-magnetoelectric-piezoelectric-and-2gnmud7y.png FIG. 2. Variation of magnetoelectric, piezoelectric, and dielectric properties as a function of BFO mole fraction for BT–xBFO ceramics with x¼ 0.025 – 1.0; (a) DME coefficient (aDME), (b) phase change of aDME, (c) poling percent, (d) piezoelectric voltage constant (g33), (e) piezoelectric charge constant (d33), (f) radial mode electromechanical coupling factor (kp), (g) dielectric constant, (e) and (h) tangent loss factor (tan d). https://scispace.com/papers/room-temperature-plasma-assisted-inkjet-printing-of-highly-522zv4rbd9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plasma-assisted-inkjet-printing-of-highly-3hcup4d5.png Figure 1. Plasma-assisted inkjet printing of highly conductive silver on paper. a) Generic example of a MOD complex where ‘n+’ indicates the charge on the metal, ligands are denoted as ‘L’ and are sub-divided into the types: ‘coo’ for coordination, ‘red’ for reduction and ‘aux’ for auxiliary stabilising ligands. b) Schematic of the plasma-assisted inkjet printing process: (i) the MOD ink is deposited onto the substrate, (ii) which is subsequently briefly exposed to an https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-paper-wetting-and-conductivity-sem-images-of-a-17u86m43.png Figure 3. Paper wetting and conductivity. SEM images of a) pristine paper and b) MOD inkcoated paper dried at room-temperature. c) Front and back-side large area inkjet printed MOD ink deposited on paper and dried at room-temperature in air. d) and e) are the low and high magnification SEM images of the plasma-assisted inkjet printed silver on paper, respectively. f) AFM image of the plasma-assisted inkjet printed silver on paper. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-room-temperature-conversion-of-the-mod-ink-to-21iyaptz.png Figure 2. Room-temperature conversion of the MOD ink to metallic silver. a) Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) (blue) and difference scanning calorimetry (DSC) (black) of the MOD ink from 0 – 200 °C. b) Indexed XRD pattern of plasma-assisted inkjet printed silver on paper over the range of 30° < 2θ < 80° (red), standard patterns for bulk silver (grey) and the paper substrate (green) are given for comparison. c) XPS spectra showing the Ag 3d transitions for silver on paper. d) XPS spectra showing the Ag MNN Auger transitions for: silver printed on paper (red), silver oxide formed from the decomposition of the ink on paper (blue) and a comparison with pure bulk reference metallic silver (grey). https://scispace.com/papers/room-temperature-photoluminescence-in-quasi-2d-tlgase2-and-ub7s9ggxs0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-and-schematics-of-fca-and-par-measurement-at-1g6fys3d.png Figure 1 Sample and schematics of FCA and PAR measurement at k ⊥ c pump direction. The inset shows the atomic structure of the layered TlGaSe2 crystal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pl-and-raman-lines-obtained-from-ab-plane-blue-and-3ms1r7ut.png Figure 2 PL and Raman lines obtained from ab plane (blue) and from lateral surfaces (red): (a) in TlInS2 (hνexc = 2.62 eV) and (b) in undoped TlGaSe2 (hνexc = 2.33 eV). The left insets show the PL peak as a function of excitation light polarization (angles θ, ϕ are shown in Fig. 1) for a constant excitation power; the error bar represents statistical spread of the results from different spots in the same sample. The right inset in (b) shows the polarization dependence of PL light after 3.06 eV excitation (k ⊥ c). https://scispace.com/papers/room-temperature-spin-filtering-in-epitaxial-cobalt-ferrite-1v13m1nr6l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hrtem-image-of-a-cofe2o4-5-nm-g-al2o3-1-5-nm-co-10-nm-p3a1mvkf.png FIG. 1: HRTEM image of a CoFe2O4 (5 nm)/γ-Al2O3 (1.5 nm)/Co (10 nm) trilayer deposited directly on a sapphire substrate, and showing the exceptional quality of the fully epitaxial system. https://scispace.com/papers/room-temperature-storable-pcr-mixes-for-sars-cov-2-detection-1rzp9pc6fi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-physical-appearance-of-the-freeze-dried-reagents-a-ygnxd4og.png Figure 2. Physical appearance of the freeze-dried reagents. (A) Appearance 491 immediately after lyophilization. (B) Appearance after simulating transportation for 28 492 days. From top to bottom, the freeze-dried reagents for detection of the ORF1ab, N, 493 and S genes. 494 495 496 497 498 499 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sensitivity-of-the-sars-cov-2-pcr-assay-using-12aeypk2.png Figure 3. Sensitivity of the SARS-CoV-2 PCR assay using freeze-dried PCR mixes. 509 (A–C) Amplification results for ORF1ab (A), N (B), and S (C) genes (freeze-dried vs 510 wet reagents, the blue amplification curve represents the results with the lyophilized 511 additives and the red line is the control without lyophilized additives). (D–F) 512 Amplification results for ORF1ab (D), N (E), and S (F) genes (the blue amplification 513 curves represent the freeze-dried regent reconstituted directly in 40 µl of sample 514 solution; the red amplification curves represent the wet reagents containing 35 µl of 515 PCR mix and 5 µl of sample solution). 516 517 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-residual-moisture-content-of-the-freeze-dried-pcr-yf4cjp4q.png Table 2. Residual moisture content of the freeze-dried PCR mixes, as measured by 426 Karl-Fischer titration. 427 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pcr-ct-values-when-using-various-probes-before-and-3m9ulsjs.png Table 3. PCR Ct values when using various probes, before and after freeze-drying. 443 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-repeatability-of-the-pcr-assay-using-freeze-dried-34unpweg.png Table 4. Repeatability of the PCR assay using freeze-dried reagents. 456 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-long-term-stable-test-and-accelerated-stable-test-1cx0tqd2.png Figure 4. Long-term stable test and accelerated stable test of freeze-dried PCR mixes. 526 The small pictures from left to right represent the ORF1ab, N, and S gene assays. (A) 527 The changes in Ct values of the freeze-dried PCR mixes stored at room temperature. 528 (B) The changes in fluorescence intensity of the freeze-dried PCR mixes stored at room 529 temperature. (C) The changes of Ct values of the freeze-dried PCR mixes loaded on a 530 vehicle to simulate long-distance room temperature transport. (D) The changes in 531 fluorescence intensity of the freeze-dried PCR mixes loaded on a vehicle to simulate 532 long-distance room temperature transport. (E) The changes in Ct values of the freeze-533 dried PCR mixes stored at 37℃. (F) The changes in fluorescence intensity of the freeze-534 dried PCR mixes stored at 37℃. (G) The changes in Ct values of the freeze-dried PCR 535 mixes stored at 56℃. (H) The changes in fluorescence intensity of the freeze-dried PCR 536 mixes stored at 56℃. 537 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-how-the-lyophilization-additives-affect-the-pcr-a-c-2awtigca.png Figure 1. How the lyophilization additives affect the PCR. (A-C) Amplification results 471 of the ORF1ab, N, and S genes. The red amplification curves represent the post-472 optimized PCR with lyophilized additives while the blue amplification curves represent 473 the post-optimized PCR without lyophilized additives. 474 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-primers-and-taqman-probes-used-in-this-study-419-ef7xd3ic.png Table 1. The primers and TaqMan probes used in this study. 419 https://scispace.com/papers/room-temperature-stabilization-of-antiferromagnetic-4afkvmhao8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-elaboration-of-pt-co-ru-multilayers-and-bias-layer-bl-1op8jt6l.png FIG. 2. Elaboration of [Pt/Co/Ru] multilayers and bias layer (BL) to obtain an optimized biased synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF). a,b. Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida (RKKY) coupling field µ0HRKKY as a function of Ru layer thickness tRu for Pt layer thickness tPt = 0.8 nm (a) and as a function of tPt for tRu = 0.8 nm (b). Dashed line in panel a locates the maximum of RKKY field. The solid line curve in panel b is a fit of the data points to an exponential decay function µ0HRKKY(tPt = 0)e −tPt/td with typical attenuation length td = 0.30 nm. c,d. Effective perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) field µ0Heff (c) and RKKY coupling field µ0HRKKY (d) as a function of inverse Co layer thickness 1/tCo. The lines are linear fits of the data points. The spin reorientation occurs at around tCo = 1.49 nm (dashed vertical line in panels c and d). e. Out-of-plane magnetization mz loop for a BL with tCo = 0.6 nm and tPt = 0.45 nm, as a function of perpendicular external field. f. Coupling field µ0Hbias in the BL-SAF as a function of tPt,BL. The insets in c, d and e depict the multilayer geometry and measurement configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-synthetic-antiferromagnet-saf-in-different-9t96vahs.png FIG. 1. Synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) in different configurations. a. Side view of the magnetic order in the SAF, for a large effective perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). b. Top view of the two antiferromagnetically coupled and saturated layers, for a large effective PMA. c. Side view of a magnetic spin-spiral in the SAF, for a vanishing effective PMA. d. Top view of the two antiferromagnetically coupled layers, hosting disordered spin-spirals, for a vanishing effective PMA. e. Side view of a biased magnetic spin-spiral in the SAF for a vanishing effective PMA. f. Top view of the two antiferromagnetically coupled layers, hosting antiferromagnetic skyrmions, for a SAF with vanishing effective PMA and subject to an up-pointing biasing interaction field in the bottom layer. The cones show local magnetization direction in the layers, whose color specifies the vertical component of the magnetization, mz, according to the colorscale. https://scispace.com/papers/room-temperature-testing-for-high-critical-current-density-jsqkxau1ea 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-a-cbkr-test-structure-current-1afrvdam.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of a CBKR test structure. Current flows in through I+ in the bottom electrode, through the barrier, and out through the top electrode (I ). Potential is measured on either side of the barrier using the V+ and V leads. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plot-of-the-normal-resistancer-of-junctions-measured-bz4n0xtk.png Fig. 3. Plot of the normal resistanceR of junctions measured at 4.2 K versus the junction resistanceR of the test structures measured at 300 K. The line is the identity mapping. https://scispace.com/papers/root-caries-on-a-paranthropus-robustus-third-molar-from-58yp5dy3f3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-specimen-dnh-40-an-upper-left-paranthropus-robustus-20a546ws.png Figure 1. Specimen DNH 40, an upper left Paranthropus robustus third molar. White squares indicate the carious lesion, and white circles highlight an antemortem enamel fracture. A) Overview of the whole tooth, showing mesial and occlusal surfaces; B) Micro-CT rendering of the specimen; C) Closeup of the lesion, white bar is 1mm.; D) CT slice of the specimen, a: Tertiary dentine (light band of higher density), b: primary dentine, c: cementum, d: post-mortem cracks, e: pulp chamber. https://scispace.com/papers/root-biomass-production-in-populations-of-six-rooted-vhgotmdiuq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-metal-concentrations-mg-kg-1-dw-and-physico-chemical-ia37ddvu.png Table 1 Metal concentrations (mg kg -1 DW) and physico-chemical parameters in soils at sampling sites. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-research-about-intraspecific-variability-32piwynd.png Table 5 Summary of research about intraspecific variability in response to metals developed on the 6 plant species included in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-ancova-table-for-analyzing-the-effects-of-lhgn0n4m.png Table 4 Summary ANCOVA table for analyzing the effects of sampling site location and total Cu concentration in the growth medium (dose, 2.5-25 µM Cu) on root biomass production of six rooted macrophytes. (n = 4 ind. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-comparison-of-copper-concentrations-and-physico-2qdiq2uq.png Table 2 Mean comparison of copper concentrations and physico-chemical parameters in growth medium, in the 0.08-25 µM Cu range, at both day 0 and day 5 (n=6). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-kruskal-wallis-test-for-analyzing-the-effect-of-4030osk7.png Table 3 Kruskal-Wallis test for analyzing the effect of sampling site location on root biomass production of six macrophytes in uncontaminated conditions (0.08 µM Cu) (n = 4 ind. population -1 ) https://scispace.com/papers/root-development-is-maintained-by-specific-bacteria-bacteria-3j5ploj2ut 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-reproducible-effects-of-abiotic-conditions-on-the-3rrwkwij.png Fig. 1. Reproducible effects of abiotic conditions on the synthetic community assembly. (a) Canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) scatterplots showing the influence of each of the four abiotic gradients (phosphate, salinity, pH, temperature) within substrate, root and shoot fractions. PERMANOVA R2 values are shown within each plot. (b) Fraction enrichment patterns of the SynCom across abiotic gradients. Each row represents a USeq. Letters on the dendrogram represent the four modules of co-occurring strains (A, B, C, D). Dendrogram tips are colored by taxonomy. The heatmaps are colored by log2 fold changes derived from a fitted GLM. Positive fold changes (red gradient) represent enrichments in plant tissue (root or shoot) compared with substrate, negative fold changes (blue gradient) represent depletion in plant tissue compared with substrate. Comparisons with q-value < 0.05 are contoured in black. Family bar highlighenriched families within each module. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-variovorax-are-necessary-and-sufficient-to-maintain-1b2lh6wd.png Fig. 3 Variovorax are necessary and sufficient to maintain stereotypic root development. (a) Phylogenetic tree of 185 bacterial isolates. Concentric rings represent isolate composition of each SynCom treatment (-Burk: Burkholderia drop-out, -Vario: Variovorax drop-out). (b) Binarized image of representative uninoculated seedlings (NB), or seedlings with the full SynCom (Full) or the Variovorax drop-out SynCom (-Vario) treatments. (c) Primary root elongation of uninoculated seedlings (NB) or seedlings with the different SynCom treatments. Letters indicate statistical significance. (d) Primary root elongation of seedlings inoculated with the Full SynCom or with the Variovorax drop-out SynCom (-Vario) across different substrates: Johnson Medium (JM agar), Murashige and Skoog (MS agar), or pots with sterilized clay or potting soil. (e) Primary root elongation of seedlings inoculated independently with four compositionally different SynComs (Module A, C, D and 34-member) with (Full) or without (Vario) 10 Variovorax isolates. (f) Primary root elongation of seedlings inoculated with the Full SynCom or with the Variovorax drop-out SynCom (-Vario) across different abiotic conditions: unamended medium (JM agar control), phosphate starvation (JM agar 0 μM Pi), salt stress (JM agar 150 mM NaCl), high pH (JM agar pH 8.2) and high temperature (JM agar 31˚C). FDR-corrected p-values are shown within each plot. (g) Canonical analysis of principal coordinates scatterplots comparing community full vs Variovorax drop-out SynComs across all fractions (agar, root, shoot). PERMANOVA p-value is shown. (h) Relative abundance (RA) of the Variovorax genus within the full SynCom across the agar, root and shoot fractions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-an-auxin-degrading-operon-in-variovorax-is-required-1r3a5a8c.png Fig. 5. An auxin-degrading operon in Variovorax is required for maintenance of stereotypical root development (a) A map of the hotspot 33. Genes are annotated with the last two digits of their IMG gene ID (26436136XX) and their functional assignments are shown below the map, including % identity of any to genes from a known auxin degradation locus. Gene are colored by the log2 fold change in their transcript abundance in Variovorax CL14 co-cultured with Arthrobacter CL28 vs Variovorax CL14 monoculture. The overlap of this region vectors 1 and 2 and the region knocked out in Variovorax CL14ΔHS33 are shown below the map. Note that vector 1 extends beyond this region. (b) In-vitro degradation of IAA by Acidovorax 219::EV, Acidovorax 219::V2, Variovorax CL14 and Variovorax CL14ΔHS33. (c) Primary root elongation of seedlings treated with IAA alone or inoculated with Acidovorax 219::EV, Acidovorax 219::V2, Variovorax CL14 and Variovorax CL14ΔHS33. (d) Primary root elongation of seedlings inoculated with Arthrobacter CL28 in alone or together with Acidovorax 219::EV, Acidovorax 219::V2, Variorovax CL14, or Variovorax CL14 ΔHS33. Letters indicate post-hoc significance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-variovorax-attenuation-of-root-growth-inhibition-is-1ihgixgk.png Fig. 4. Variovorax attenuation of root growth inhibition is related to auxin and ethylene signaling. (a) Boxplots showing the average standardized expression of genes induced in seedlings in response to: Left (Tripartite system) Arthrobacter CL28 compared with uninoculated seedlings (NB) or seedlings inoculated with both Arthrobacter CL28 and Variovorax CL14 (CL14 CL28). Right (Drop-out System) Variovorax drop-out SynCom (-Vario) compared to uninoculated seedlings (NB) and to the full SynCom (Full). (b) Venn diagram showing the overlap of enriched genes between the tripartite and drop-out systems. The heatmap shows the pairwise correlation in expression of these 18 genes across tissues27. (c) Standardized expression of 12 late-responsive auxin genes across the tripartite and drop-out systems. Each dot represents a gene. Identical genes are connected between bacterial treatments with a black line. Mean expression (95% CI intervals) of the aggregated 12 genes in each treatment is highlighted in red and connected between bacterial treatments with a red line. (d) Primary root elongation of seedlings grown with six hormone or MAMP RGI treatments (panels) individually (Self) or with either Burkholderia CL11 or four Variovorax isolates. Significance between the bacterial treatments is shown using the confidence letter display. (e) GFP intensity of DR5::GFP Arabidopsis seedlings grown with no bacteria, Arthrobacter CL28 and Arthrobacter CL28+Variovorax CL14. Significance within time points is denoted with asterisks. (f) Primary root elongation, standardized to sterile conditions, of wild type (Col-0) auxin unresponsive (axr1-2), ethylene unresponsive (Col-0 + MCP), or auxin/ethylene unresponsive (axr1-2 + MCP) seedlings inoculated with RGI-inducing Arthrobacter CL28 or the Variovorax dropout SynCom (-Variovorax). The blue dotted line marks the relative mean length of uninoculated seedlings. The horizontal shade in each panel corresponds to the interquartile range of seedlings grown with: Arthrobacter CL28+Variovorax CL14), or the full 185-member SynCom including 10 Variovorax isolates (Full SynCom). Differences between treatments are denoted using the compact letter display. https://scispace.com/papers/root-letter-priming-in-maltese-visual-word-recognition-3sl71l654r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-response-time-as-a-function-of-priming-21pbx6v4.png Figure 2. Average Response Time as a Function of Priming Condition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-examples-of-prime-target-pairs-for-which-the-target-2tuqvj0k.png Table 2 Examples of Prime-Target Pairs for which the Target was a Non-Word. For non-word targets, the “source-target” (i.e., the real-word used in its construction) is also provided. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-prime-target-pairs-for-which-the-target-2p1uiyn1.png Table 1: Examples of Prime-Target Pairs for which the Target was a Real Word. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-response-time-ms-and-error-rate-for-semitic-and-qbhdp9yh.png Table 3 Mean Response Time (ms) and Error Rate for Semitic and Non-Semitic Targets. https://scispace.com/papers/root-inoculation-of-strawberry-with-the-entomopathogenic-8gddypihcy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-se-of-cumulative-number-of-whiteflies-per-2pwkgr9o.png Table 2 Means ± SE of cumulative number of whiteflies per leaflet and thrips per flower, and the mean ± SE proportion of leaflets with symptoms of foliar pathogens (combined % incidence of Dendrophoma obscurans + Pestalotia longisetula + Mycosphaerella fragariae) in the low tunnel location 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-se-of-proportion-of-leaflets-damaged-by-4qg630kl.png Table 1 Means ± SE of proportion of leaflets damaged by Coleoptera (%), cumulative number of thrips in flowers and proportion of leaflets with symptoms of the pathogens Dendrophoma obscurans, Pestalotia longisetula and Mycosphaerella fragariae (%) representing the differences in the open-field locations 1, 2 and 3, with summaries of generalized linear models https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-inoculation-of-strawberry-root-with-3jkdc2ty.png Fig. 3 Effect of inoculation of strawberry root with Beauveria bassiana (Bb) isolate ESALQ 3375 or Metarhizium robertsii (Mr) ESALQ 1622 on numbers of adult Tetranychus urticae per leaflet from 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after inoculation at the low tunnel location 4 in Senador Amaral, Minas Gerais State, Brazil (22°33′12.1″S 46°13′41.8″W). The dots are the observations; the solid lines are the fitted curves for the mean number of T. urticae per leaflet; and the gray areas represent 95% confidence intervals https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-field-setup-in-open-field-locations-1-2-8896lrll.png Fig. 1 Experimental field setup in open-field locations 1, 2 and 3 in Atibaia (1: 23°04′14.32″S 46°40′58.2″W, 2: 23°04′33.5″S 46°40′30.1″W, 3: 23°08′00.7″S 46°37′04.5″W) and in low tunnel location 4 in Senador Amaral (22°33′12.1″S 46°13′41.8″W). Rows and area used for recording of data are indicated as a rectangle inside each bed https://scispace.com/papers/root-mean-square-gains-of-switched-linear-systems-2i11wa8ouq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-feedback-configuration-oxndi0qf.png Figure 1: Feedback configuration https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bisection-algorithm-to-compute-the-slow-switching-faekgk31.png Table 1: Bisection algorithm to compute the slow-switching RMS gain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-magnitude-bode-plots-for-the-closed-loop-transfer-32sejddw.png Figure 2: Magnitude Bode plots for the closed-loop transfer functions from the noise n to the output y, for the two time-invariant controllers. https://scispace.com/papers/rootstock-effects-on-scion-phenotypes-in-a-chambourcin-3kmfcu2j6z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-boxplots-showing-the-distribution-of-elements-by-the-28q0ubin.png Fig. 5 Boxplots showing the distribution of elements by the factor that explained the largest amount of variance. The distribution visualized are: a Ca based on leaf position b K based on to leaf position c Ni based on to rootstock d Mo based on rootstock by irrigation interaction https://scispace.com/papers/ros-unity3d-based-system-for-monitoring-of-an-industrial-2qisp3ioao 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-layout-of-the-framework-presented-3cwrvkg6.png Fig. 3. Layout of the framework presented. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-set-up-of-our-lab-with-a-welding-process-orange-1anw9ur2.png Fig. 2. The set-up of our lab with a welding process (orange dashed line) and the associated monitoring task with way points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-unity-environment-and-the-3d-visualization-of-a-3ai6avtx.png Fig. 4. The Unity environment and the 3D visualization of a welding path. The 3D model of the object has been hidden to better visualize the path. In the detail it is shown the monitoring robot with the visualization of the IK solver constraints. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-lab-set-up-of-the-welding-task-the-welding-robot-is-a-p60rn0f5.png Fig. 1. Lab set-up of the welding task. The welding robot is a NACHI MC70. The actual monitoring robot is not shown in this set-up. https://scispace.com/papers/root-morphology-and-aerenchyma-formation-as-indicators-for-3pxobrsiy4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cross-sections-at-0-5-cm-behind-the-apex-o-f-lateral-1jho295p.png Fig. 3. Cross-sections at 0-5 cm behind the apex o f lateral roots o f Rumex thyrsiflorus (a), (b), R. crispus (c), (d) and R. maritimus (e), (f), formed under aerobic (a), (c), (e) and stagnant anaerobic (b), (d), (f) hydroculture conditions. Bars represent 100 /xm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effects-o-f-flooding-on-the-root-systems-o-f-some-2b0uly9s.png Fig. 2. Effects o f flooding on the root systems o f some Rumex species growing in river sand in a glasshouse, (a) Position of origin of newly formed roots. Segments 1 and 2: 1-cm root segments above the roo t-shoo t junction; segments 3-9: I-cm root segments below the roo t-shoo t junction; arrows indicate the position of the roo t-shoo t junction; values are means-I-1 S.E. (// = 8); (b) root porosity o f newly formed lateral roots: values are m e a n s4-1 S.E. (// = 3); (c) extension rate of primary root system, i.e. the total length of the newly formed root system as a percentage of the length o f the primary root system at the start of the flooding treatment; values are means + 1 S.E. (/; = 8); initial lengths o f primary root systems were: R. thyrsiflorus 38-2 m; R. crispus 61-5 m; R. conglomerate 99-3 m; R. maritimus 104-6 m. All plants were twelve weeks old at the start o f the treatment. https://scispace.com/papers/rosacea-fulminans-two-case-reports-and-review-of-the-2oritwom2l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-multiple-large-and-coalescing-nodules-with-large-3bknxrwl.png Figure 1. Multiple large and coalescing nodules with large and interconnecting sinuses draining purulent and ematic mixed material on childbearing woman‘s centrofacial area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-six-month-follow-up-complete-remission-with-no-1e61d7ry.png Figure 2. Six-month follow-up: complete remission with no scarring outcomes. https://scispace.com/papers/rosat-detection-and-high-precision-localization-of-x-ray-pbq18fysrp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-optical-content-of-the-region-of-the-rosat-hri-sources-xhj0a8tn.png FIG. 2.—Optical content of the region of the ROSAT HRI sources 1 and 2. The image is the sum of several unfiltered CCD exposures from ESO. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3nh0sild.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-159-3-159-close-up-of-the-rosat-hri-image-centered-2auyzhgo.png FIG. 1.—A 159 3 159 close-up of the ROSAT HRI image centered on the GRB 781119 error box, taken during the period 1995 December 21–1996 January 11. The error box of the GRB source is displayed ( polygon), as well as the Einstein (small circle) and ASCA (large circle) error regions, HRI sources 1 and 2, the radio objects B, C, and Q detected by Hjellming & Ewald (1981), and the position of the quasar source QSO 01162288 (crosses). https://scispace.com/papers/rotating-spokes-ionization-instability-and-electron-vortices-3adhb78o92 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-contours-of-constant-a-electron-density-b-plasma-3658dytb.png Figure 1: Contours of constant (a) electron density, (b) plasma potential, (c) electron mean energy, and (d) ionization rate at a given time in the conditions described in the text, corresponding to the experiment of Ref.25. The maximum values are respectively 4×1017 m-3, 260 V, 15 eV, 2×1025 m-3s-1. The spoke (ionization region), plasma non-uniformity and potential structure move together up in the −𝑬 × 𝑩 direction at about 10 km/s while the electron vortices (local maxima in the electron temperature and ionization rate, and associated “holes” in the electron density) move down in the 𝑬 × 𝑩 direction at a velocity about ten times larger. Movies available in Supplemental Material at (URL). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-axial-profiles-of-the-electron-density-ion-density-2seaab6c.png Figure 2: Axial profiles of the electron density, ion density, axial electric field and electron mean energy at different azimuthal positions indicated by the dashed lines in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-equipotential-contours-grey-and-lines-of-constant-2hyozkd2.png Figure 4: Equipotential contours (grey), and lines of constant plasma density and ionization rate corresponding to 70% of their maximum values. The green arrows indicate the ion flux direction in the spoke front. (a) spoke rotation in the −𝑬 × 𝑩 direction, case of Figure 1, (b) rotation in the +𝑬 × 𝑩 direction, same conditions as Figure 1 with 𝐵(0) = 0.5 T instead of 1T. Movies available in Supplemental Material at (URL). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-equipotential-contours-and-example-of-electron-2zv8odr3.png Figure 3: (a) Equipotential contours, and example of electron trajectory at a given time (same conditions as Figure 1), close to the double layer, on the left side of the BCD line of Figure 1. (b) Variations of the electron energy along the same trajectory. The initial electron velocity, at x=1.6 mm, y=3.4 mm, is 𝑣𝑥 = 106m/s, 𝑣𝑦 = 0. The red line is the averaged energy calculated assuming electron heating due 𝛁𝐵 drift. https://scispace.com/papers/rossi-x-ray-timing-explorer-observations-of-the-anomalous-7ma7xiprs4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-141tagkj.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1hosm95f.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-epulse-frequency-history-of-4u-0142-61-the-rxt-e-xe5ccetz.png FIG. 1.ÈPulse frequency history of 4U 0142]61. The RXT E measurement is indicated by a Ðlled circle. The dotted line is the best linear Ðt to the overall spin-down Hz s~1.l5 \[3.1 ^ 0.1] 10~14 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-emean-subtracted-template-pulse-prodle-generated-by-n4xi4j5z.png FIG. 2.ÈMean-subtracted template pulse proÐle generated by epochfolding the Ðrst 80,000 s of 3.7È9.2 keV data from March 28È30 at a constant frequency, Hz.lspin \ 0.11510041 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ecompanion-mass-limits-calculated-using-the-99-3dieojmx.png FIG. 7.ÈCompanion mass limits calculated using the 99% conÐdence limits on from Figs. 5 and 6, assuming a 1.4 neutron star anda x sin i M https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-elomb-scargle-periodograms-normalized-to-the-data-2q6p3zcw.png FIG. 4.ÈLomb-Scargle periodograms (normalized to the data variance) for the entire March 25È30 data set (top panel), the March 28È30 data set only (center panel), and white noise (bottom panel) with mean and variance equal to that of the phase o†sets and time tags corresponding to the March 25È30 interval. The dotted lines indicate the 99% conÐdence level for a detection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-eupper-limits-to-99-conddence-for-a-circular-orbit-ata-aaozf9um.png FIG. 5.ÈUpper limits to (99% conÐdence) for a circular orbit ata x sin i https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-elomb-scargle-periodogram-and-upper-limits-for-shorta-2yvexlun.png FIG. 6.ÈLomb-Scargle periodogram and upper limits for shorta x sin i https://scispace.com/papers/rotation-of-the-body-with-movable-internal-masses-around-the-1mh5u9ip6h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-shaded-areas-of-the-parameters-t-t-a-and-t-b-3vjiwc2h.png Figure 4: Shaded areas of the parameters (τ, t∗) (a) and (τ, |Ω|) (b) corresponding beginning of the body movement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-laboratory-and-body-systems-of-coordinates-3uw4de6k.png Figure 1: Laboratory and body systems of coordinates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-decomposition-of-function-fa-on-the-basis-e1-e2-3mjyw30v.png Figure 2: Decomposition of function fA on the basis e1, e2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-slider-with-the-disk-a-and-two-point-masses-b-27wxphbj.png Figure 3: Slider with the disk (a) and two point masses (b) https://scispace.com/papers/rostral-ventrolateral-medullary-but-not-medullary-lateral-3huag3m7bh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-examples-of-sympatho-sympathetic-reflexes-recorded-in-2ymtap3q.png Fig. 4. Examples of sympatho-sympathetic reflexes recorded in the left inferior cardiac nerve before and after bilateral microinjection of drugs into the medulla and cervical spinal cord transection. A: response to stimulation of the left CN (0.5 mA) before (solid black trace) and 10 min after microinjection of D-AP5 into the LTF (gray trace) or the CVLM (dashed black trace). B: response to stimulation of the left SN (0.5 mA) before (black trace) and 10 min after microinjection of muscimol into the LTF (gray trace) and 5 min after cervical spinal cord transection (dashed gray trace). Vertical calibration, 50 V (A) and 25 V (B). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effects-of-microinjection-of-drugs-into-the-rvlm-or-nm1oh06a.png Fig. 5. Effects of microinjection of drugs into the RVLM or cervical spinal cord transection on the sympatho-sympathetic reflex recorded in the right inferior cardiac nerve. A: response to left SN stimulation (0.6 mA) before (solid black trace), 10 min (gray trace), and 45 min after microinjection of NBQX into RVLM. B: response to left CN stimulation (0.6 mA) before (black trace) and after (solid gray trace) microinjection of D-AP5 into RVLM and 5 min after spinal cord transection (dashed gray trace). C: response to left SN stimulation (0.5 mA) before (black trace) and after (solid gray trace) microinjection of muscimol into RVLM and 5 min after spinal cord transection (dashed gray trace). Vertical calibration, 55 V (A), 30 V (B), and 30 V (C). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effects-of-microinjection-of-nbqx-d-ap5-muscimol-or-2rff7byv.png Table 1. Effects of microinjection of NBQX, D-AP5, muscimol, or saline into the medulla on sympathetic nerve discharge and mean arterial pressure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sites-of-microinjection-of-excitatory-amino-acid-1kikdorg.png Fig. 1. Sites of microinjection of excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists or muscimol into the medulla. A: schematics of medullary cross sections with asterisks (*) marking target sites around which these injections were made into the lateral tegmental field (LTF), rostral and caudal ventrolateral medulla (RVLM, CVLM), and the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). Although only the left side of the medulla is shown, injections were placed symmetrically on the left and right sides. 1 to 5.5 refer to approximate distance (in mm) from the obex according to the stereotaxic atlas of Berman (12). B: representative histological sections showing the track made with the pipette used for injections into the NTS, CVLM, LTF, and RVLM of four cats. A, nucleus ambiguus; IO, inferior olive; Py, pyramid; 5Sp and 5St, spinal trigeminal nucleus and tract. Scale bar: 1 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evoked-responses-in-the-right-inferior-cardiac-nerve-2xny3wks.png Fig. 2. Evoked responses in the right inferior cardiac nerve produced by electrical stimulation of sympathetic afferent fibers. A: responses to stimulation of the cut central end of the left inferior cardiac nerve before (black trace) and 10 min after (solid gray trace) bilateral microinjection of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro6-nitro-2,3-dioxobenzo-[f]quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide (NBQX) into the medullary LTF and 5 min after cervical spinal cord transection (dashed gray trace). B: same as A, except stimuli were applied to the cut central end of the left splanchnic nerve. Traces here and in Figs. 4 and 5 show computer-averaged responses in the inferior cardiac nerve to 45 11-ms trains of three pulses (200 Hz; 1.0 ms) applied once every 2 s (applied at time 0 on the x-axis). Stimulus intensity was 1.0 mA in A and 0.3 mA in B. Vertical calibration, 35 V in A and B. Area under the curve (AUC) of the evoked response is the area above the dotted horizontal black line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-summary-of-effects-of-bilateral-microinjection-of-2r13zqtw.png Fig. 3. Summary of effects of bilateral microinjection of drugs into the medulla on the area under the curve of the sympathoexcitatory responses in the right inferior cardiac nerve elicited by stimulation of afferents in the left inferior cardiac (CN) and left splanchnic (SN) nerves. A: changes in the area under the curve of the sympathoexcitatory responses (expressed as percent of control response) elicited by electrical stimulation of afferent fibers in CN and SN 5–10 min after bilateral microinjection of NBQX, D( )-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (D-AP5), or muscimol (Musc) into the LTF. B–D: same, except microinjections were made into RVLM, CVLM, and NTS, respectively. Data are expressed as means SE. *Statistically different from control. The number in the bars refers to the number of experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/rotation-symmetry-breaking-in-la2-xsrxcuo4-revealed-by-angle-206kjqu5lv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-e-arpes-intensity-plots-of-la2-xsrxcuo4-x-0-15-along-94vito1j.png FIG. 4. (a)–(e) ARPES Intensity plots of La2−xSrxCuO4 (x = 0.15) along the cuts (from top to bottom) shown in (f). The data were taken at 12 K. White arrows indicate the folded band. (f) Black curves are FS of the primary band. The violet curve is a copy of the primary FS, but shifted by qa = (π,0). Black lines indicate the momentum cuts. Red triangles and blue empty circles are kF of the primary and the folded bands, which are determined from MDCs at zero binding energy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dispersion-of-the-primary-and-folded-band-along-2qfta9ct.png FIG. 3. Dispersion of the primary and folded band along selected cuts for La2−xSrxCuO4 (x = 0.17). The data were taken at 12 K. (a) and (b) MDC at the EF − 0.01 meV and ARPES intensity map for the cut 1 in Fig. 2(c), respectively. (c) and (d) MDC at the EF − 0.01 meV and ARPES intensity map for the cut 2 in Fig. 2(d), respectively. (e) and (f) MDC at the EF − 0.01 meV and ARPES intensity map for the cut 3 in Fig. 2(c), respectively. (g) and (h) MDC at the EF − 0.01 meV and ARPES intensity map for the cut 4 in Fig. 2(d), respectively. The dispersions of the bands folded by qa = (π,0) (dashed violet line) and qb = (0,π ) (dotted orange line) are superimposed to the intensity maps in (b), (h) and (d), (f), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-arpes-intensity-plots-of-la2-xsrxcuo4-x-0-17-the-data-3ucvf9j9.png FIG. 2. ARPES Intensity plots of La2−xSrxCuO4 (x = 0.17). The data were taken at 12 K. (a) FS intensity maps in the kx − ky plane at hν = 55 eV and T = 12 K. Map II is the same as Map I but after a 90◦ rotation of the sample. The FS maps in I-II are obtained by integrating ARPES spectral weight in an energy window of EF ± 20 meV. (b) Red triangles (green rombus) and blue circles (light-blue pentagons) are the kF for the primary band (PB) and the folded band (FB) extracted from the MDCs peaks for the sample oriented like in map I (map II), respectively. Dashed-pointed black line is a TB fit to the PB data, dashed violet line is the TB FS shifted by qa = (π,0), and dotted orange line is the TB FS shifted by qb = (0,π ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-leed-pattern-taken-at-t-12-k-and-ee-185-ev-b-fs-pulhpl4s.png FIG. 1. (a) LEED pattern taken at T = 12 K and Ee = 185 eV. (b) FS mapping for LSCO x = 0.17. Dashed-pointed black line is a TB fit as explained in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/rotational-reorganization-of-doped-cholesteric-liquid-265cns7pyb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rotational-reorganization-of-a-cholesteric-texture-2y0hs14r.png Figure 4. Rotational reorganization of a cholesteric texture following thermal isomerization of the molecular motor (1b f 1c). Shown here is the same sample as in Figures 3, after stopping irradiation. The pictures were taken at 15 s intervals and show a counterclockwise rotation. Scalebar, 50µm. The crossed arrows indicate the directions of the crossed polarizers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rotational-reorganization-resulting-from-the-4qshdszz.png Table 3. Rotational Reorganization Resulting from the Photochemical Isomerization of the Chiral Dopanta https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-angular-displacement-vs-time-of-the-texture-of-an-297x6dn2.png Figure 14. Angular displacement vs time of the texture of an LC film doped with molecular motor 1 (open dots) and a rod rotating on top of it (filled dots). (a) Shows the rotation during irradiation (365 nm); (b) shows the rotation of the same film and rod during the thermal step. All graphs show absolute angular displacement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-single-defect-moving-through-a-polygonal-texture-9oli9g2i.png Figure 5. Single defect moving through a polygonal texture. The film consists of E7 doped with (S)-5, during the Z to E isomerization step. The images were recorded at 0.75 s intervals; scalebar, 50µm. The crossed arrows indicate the directions of the crossed polarizers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-multiple-defects-moving-through-the-same-film-as-3muis05h.png Figure 6. Multiple defects moving through the same film as that in Figure 5. The images were recorded at 1.0 s intervals; scalebar, 50µm. The crossed arrows indicate the directions of the crossed polarizers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-surface-structure-of-e7-doped-with1-measured-by-vo5zwb8x.png Figure 11. Surface structure of E7 doped with1, measured by AFM in noncontact mode. The height scalebar corresponds to both images. (a) The size of the image is 11µm × 11 µm. (b) The size of the image is 14.7µm × 11.1 µm. It shows a disclination pair defect. In both images, the relief correlated to the helical pitch has a height of 16 nm and a period of 5.0 µm. An additional periodic relief having a smaller height of about 3 nm and forming an angle of about 80° with the main relief is also distinguishable. This substructure could be created by periodic defects arising from antagonistic anchoring geometries between the polymer-LC interface and the LC-air interface. Such periodic defects have been previously described in smectic thin films.34e https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-polarization-and-contributions-to-surface-gibbs-1tim8brt.png Figure 12. Polarization and contributions to surface Gibbs energy of cyanobiphenyl-based mesogens. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-schematics-of-the-formation-of-a-corrugated-2vj4716u.png Figure 13. Schematics of the formation of a corrugated surface. (a) Average orientation of the LC molecules along the helical axis. (b) Periodic changes in the orientation of LC molecules at the surface result in a periodic surface energy profile. Due to the lower polarity of the alkyl moieties, molecules with an orientation perpendicular to the air-LC interface are most likely to lower the local surface energy.x corresponds to the helical axis. (c) A periodic surface energy gradient is at the origin of the curvature of the surface. https://scispace.com/papers/rotation-invariant-texture-classification-using-adaptive-lbp-bhftd4xp0s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-classification-rate-using-different-schemes-27xrpmt6.png Table 1. Classification rate (%) using different schemes. https://scispace.com/papers/rotationally-invariant-similarity-measures-for-nonlocal-460k6ynjot 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-coherence-between-the-patch-radius-and-the-psnr-the-1jkhaet0.png Figure 3: Coherence between the patch radius and the PSNR. The search window radius is 10 in all cases and λ is optimised according to the particular type of invariants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-denoising-results-psnr-of-the-moment-based-approach-l2ikpphu.png Table 5: Denoising results (PSNR) of the moment-based approach and com- https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-errors-for-the-moment-invariants-without-tolerance-o-3e6bxmlw.png Table 2: Errors for the moment invariants without tolerance (ǫ = 0) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-denoised-images-512x-512-with-rotationally-3bz3ptz8.png Figure 9: Denoised images (512× 512) with rotationally invariant methods. Left: RIBM+ST. Middle: Zernike moments. Right: Hu moments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-errors-for-ribm-28q939r5.png Table 4: Errors for RIBM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-visualisation-of-the-weights-for-different-methods-3q3z2i4g.png Figure 2: Visualisation of the weights for different methods. First row: Ring with three chosen points, image with Gaussian noise (σn = 20) and the three noisy patches. Second row: Weights using a moment-based similarity measure (Hu moments) for the noisy image with λ2 = 10−3 concerning the points 1, 2 and 3. Third row: Weights with λ2 = 10−4. Fourth row: Weights using standard block matching with λ2 = 1000. Fifth row: Weights using RIBM with λ2 = 600. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-coherence-between-l2-and-the-psnr-the-patch-radius-19qkt4x5.png Figure 5: Coherence between λ2 and the PSNR. The patch radius varies adapted to the particular type of invariants and the search window radius is always 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-images-with-size-256x256-left-original-image-1ll3aza6.png Figure 10: Images with size 256×256. Left: Original image. Middle: Noisy image with additive Gaussian noise (σn = 20). Right: Denoised image with classical NL means. 1st row: House. 2nd row: Peppers. 3rd row: Ring. 4th row: Trui. https://scispace.com/papers/rough-feature-selection-for-intelligent-classifiers-j8w8ook7d1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-features-and-their-reference-number-10jwxnlf.png Table 1.Features and their reference number. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-using-rough-selected-and-the-original-1wqyxzp6.png Table 2.Results of using rough-selected and the original full set offeatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-diagram-of-the-water-treatment-plant-lf6ye9q0.png Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the water treatment plant, indicatingthe number of measurements sampled at various points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-section-cell-images-where-the-first-second-and-third-1zpeqypo.png Fig. 3. Section cell images, where the first, second and third columns respectively show adventitial, smooth muscle and endothelial cells in proximal non-ischaemic and distal ischaemic subcutaneous blood vessels, taken from a human lower limb. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-using-rough-and-pca-selected-features-1vibvc4n.png Table 3.Results of using rough and PCA-selected features. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-rsar-feature-selection-algorithm-aamndl0n.png Fig. 1. The RSAR feature selection algorithm. https://scispace.com/papers/rotten-parents-and-disciplined-children-a-politico-economic-27f5doaisw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-appendix-b-projection-method-vs-krusell-kuruscu-and-frps0uug.png Figure 3 (Appendix B): Projection Method vs. Krusell, Kuruscu, and Smith (2002) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-equilibrium-policy-functions-16nbun4d.png Figure 1: Equilibrium Policy Functions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-continuity-of-the-smppe-k0cmqgrl.png Figure 2: Continuity of the SMPPE https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-panels-b-c-and-d-plot-the-corresponding-steady-state-2g7uwj6t.png Table 1. Panels b, c, and d plot the corresponding steady-state allocations of debt, public goods, and taxes. The solid red (dotted blue) line denotes the low-θ (high-θ) economies. Stars and diamonds show the 24 values of for which the SSMPPE is computed numerically. The values for correspond to the equilibrium computed analytically in Proposition 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-appendix-b-government-efficiency-and-corruption-16mxzk47.png Figure 5 (Appendix B): Government Efficiency and Corruption versus Government Debt https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-appendix-b-demographic-transition-ff69w4tv.png Figure 4 (Appendix B): Demographic Transition https://scispace.com/papers/rotavirus-pre-symptomatically-downregulates-ileum-4xug3oe7si 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-up-to-48-h-post-infection-edim-rotavirus-is-not-2m234jme.png Figure 5. Up to 48 h post infection, EDIM rotavirus is not detected in the brain. 329 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primary-antisera-used-in-the-study-124-qgzzj82f.png Table 1. Primary antisera used in the study. 124 https://scispace.com/papers/rotationally-resolved-photoelectron-spectra-in-resonance-matq1eyt51 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cross-sections-and-asymmetry-parameters-f3-for-18tdp03t.png FIG. 1. Cross sections and asymmetry parameters f3 for photoionization of the 3pal orbital of the C IBI Rydberg state of H20 leading to the X 2BI ground state of H20+. An ionization potential of 2.61 eV is assumed. Partial cross sections associated with the kat> kbt> and kb2 ionization channels are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-basis-sets-used-in-the-separable-potential-of-eq-33-1unpd3uy.png TABLE I. Basis sets used in the separable potential of Eq. (33). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-magnitude-i-ph-i-i-of-the-partial-wave-photoionization-1ru7udg8.png FIG. 2. Magnitude I ph-I I of the partial wave photoionization matrix elements as a function of kinetic energy for the (a) 3pal - kal; (b) 3pal - kh l; and (c) 3pal - khz channels for the C I BI Rydberg state. (1,A.) denotes each component of I pi,,- I (. The insets show the principal.value dipole amplitude JJft for the 1=2 component. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-calculated-photoelectron-angular-distributions-for-the-1vivle9p.png FIG. 6. Calculated photoelectron angular distributions for the rotational levels of Fig. 5. 8=0" is vertical. https://scispace.com/papers/rough-sets-and-decision-algorithms-b70o95j66x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-characterization-of-nationalities-xt6znfic.png Table 4. Characterization of nationalities https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-simplified-decision-table-3c886h3s.png Table 8. Simplified Decision Table https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-voting-intentions-30f9k31u.png Table 7. Voting Intentions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-decision-table-2qfnrvsm.png Table 2. Decision table https://scispace.com/papers/rough-fuzzy-functions-in-classification-1tfj44vwjj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-for-segmenting-the-6x-7-image-a-3x-3-window-w-is-15de7jw8.png Fig. 6. For segmenting the 6× 7 image, a 3× 3 window W is considered around the pixel x. The brightness of the pixel x is expressed as BRIGHT(x). For better segmentation results, the inLuence of the neighboring pixels is also considered [18]. Hence, the brightness of the pixel x is assumed to be ̃BRIGHT(x)= 1 9 ∑ y∈W BRIGHT(y). ̃BRIGHT(x) is in fact the rough–fuzzy ownership function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-an-example-of-a-fuzzy-function-is-showing-the-29ajdm3r.png Fig. 5. An example of a fuzzy function is showing the relationship between the pixel value and the brightness. The points a and c denote the minimum and maximum intensity values in the given image. The point b on the abscissa, at which the membership value is 0.5, is called the crossover point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-rough-sets-in-one-dimensional-domain-the-equivalence-bvgnhnhj.png Fig. 1. (a) Rough sets in one-dimensional domain. The equivalence relation R partitions the universal set X into ten intervals. The output class Cc is approximated by R(Cc) and GR(Cc). (b) Rough sets in two-dimensional domain. The equivalence relation R partitions the universal set X1 ×X2 into 100 small squares. In both the cases, the uncertainty is generated in the intervals=squares that are covered by GR(Cc) but not by R(Cc). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-when-the-output-class-is-crisp-the-fuzzy-membership-14h0nyes.png Fig. 4. When the output class is crisp, the fuzzy membership function is either 0 or 1. The roughness exists in the parallelepiped because some patterns from the parallelepiped do or do not belong to the output class Cc. Thus, the input–output relationship becomes one-to-many, and the rough–fuzzy membership function becomes equal to the rough membership function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-fuzzy-membership-function-for-the-fuzzy-set-tall-66uigtu9.png Fig. 2. The fuzzy membership function for the fuzzy set tall. There is no single point c on the X-axis such that a person with height¿c can be called tall and a person with height¡c can be called not tall. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-intuitive-view-of-the-rough-fuzzy-membership-functions-1ppjrtdl.png Fig. 3. Intuitive view of the rough–fuzzy membership functions. The parallelepiped contains all (and only) the patterns that have the same input representation of xi . The roughness is created in the parallelepiped when it contains more than one pattern and when the patterns have di9erent fuzzy membership values. The fuzziness is appearing in the parallelepiped when the fuzzy membership values are in (0; 1). The presence of both roughness and fuzziness create rough–fuzziness. Intuitively, the rough–fuzzy membership of the pattern xi is the volume occupied by the overlapped space divided by the volume of the complete parallelepiped. https://scispace.com/papers/roughing-semi-finishing-and-finishing-of-laser-surface-i9rrx3eb63 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sem-bse-images-of-pulse-electric-current-sintered-a-3px9z794.png Fig. 4. SEM-BSE images of pulse electric current sintered (a) NbC-4TiC-12Ni (wt%) and (d) NbC-4Mo2C-4TiC-12Ni (wt%), showing NbC (light), Ni (medium) and TiC (dark). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-sintered-carbide-grain-size-on-vickers-gji4zefa.png Fig. 5. Effect of sintered carbide grain size on Vickers hardness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-sem-se-images-of-flank-wear-from-milling-at-vc-300m-17i76j9w.png Fig. 12. SEM-SE images of flank wear from milling at vc= 300m/min and ap=0.5mm of: (a) and (b) WC-10Co (PECS) insert after 7.5 min cutting time, (c) and (d) NbC-4TiC-12Ni (PECS) insert after 20min cutting time, and (e) and (f) NbC-4Mo2C-4TiC-12Ni (PECS) insert after 3min cutting. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-adf-stem-mapping-images-of-a-cross-section-of-the-wc-qdyovgh8.png Fig. 13. ADF-STEM mapping images of a cross-section of the WC-10Co (PECS) insert cutting edge/workpiece interface, showing: W (green), Co (red) and C (yellow). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-starting-power-specification-zz7emgv5.png Table 1 Starting power specification. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-vickers-hardness-on-fracture-toughness-1dmkqh82.png Fig. 6. Effect of Vickers hardness on fracture toughness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effect-of-laser-surface-modification-lsm-on-vickers-2jnmmy3w.png Fig. 7. Effect of laser surface modification (LSM) on Vickers hardness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-variation-of-maximum-flank-wear-with-cutting-time-4ro6lvf8.png Fig. 11. Variation of maximum flank wear with cutting time during semi-finishing at vc = 300m/min and ap=0.5mm. https://scispace.com/papers/roughness-induced-energetic-disorder-at-the-metal-organic-17mq2rbhnh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-models-of-the-arrangement-of-organic-molecules-ghfv0j1x.png FIG. 1. Two models of the arrangement of organic molecules ellipsoids at the rough surface of the electrode solid line . a The first layer is located at constant distance to the mean electrode plane Ref. 9 . b Molecules in the first layer are located at a constant distance to the surface of the electrode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-function-g-q-118101wj.png FIG. 2. Function g q . https://scispace.com/papers/roughness-induced-fluid-interface-fluctuations-due-to-polar-4vb3c9fxoh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-healing-lengthz-vs-film-thickness-a-minimum-is-1oc5zxyg.png FIG. 1. Healing lengthz vs film thickness«. A minimum is observed in the wetting or stable regime at«'8.5 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-local-interface-sloperw-s-vs-film-thickness-for-d0-50-e3u413kd.png FIG. 3. Local interface sloperw /s vs film thickness« for d0 50.158 nm, l50.6 nm, Sap50.106 N/m, Sp520.159 N/m, g50.0722 N/m,a050.3 nm,s51 nm,H50.4, andj as indicated. The local slope shows a maximum at the minimum of the hea lengthz as a function of the film thickness«. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-healing-lengthz-vs-the-polar-potential-rangel-for-d0-1rdwftfh.png FIG. 2. Healing lengthz vs the polar potential rangel for d0 50.158 nm,«58.5 nm,Sap50.106 N/m,Sp520.159 N/m~strong polar component!, andg50.0722 N/m. The inset showsz vs l for Sp520.001 N/m~weak polar component!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-interface-roughness-amplitudesw-s-vs-polar-potential-2rp5rzh3.png FIG. 6. Interface roughness amplitudesw /s vs polar potential range l for d050.158 nm, «58.5 nm, Sap50.106 N/m, Sp5 20.159 N/m,g50.0722 N/m,a050.3 nm,s51 nm, H50.4, and j5100 nm. The inset shows a similar schematic forSp520.001 N/m ~weak polar interactions!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-interface-roughness-amplitudesw-s-vs-film-thickness-3agltow0.png FIG. 4. Interface roughness amplitudesw /s vs film thickness« for d050.158 nm,l50.6 nm, Sap50.106 N/m, Sp520.159 N/m, g50.0722 N/m, a050.3 nm, s51 nm, H50.4, andj as indicated.sw /s shows a maximum at the mini mum of the healing lengthz as a function of« ~Fig. 1!. The inset depicts directlysw /s vs the healing lengthz. https://scispace.com/papers/round-robin-test-for-composite-to-brick-shear-bond-46rn2jgl7s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-31-load-displacement-curves-envelope-for-all-reinforcing-3j5jztwa.png Fig. 31 Load-displacement curves envelope for all reinforcing materials https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-front-a-and-back-b-sides-of-brick-1xp2y9xk.png Fig. 1 “Front” (a) and “back” (b) sides of brick https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-general-lay-out-for-strain-gauge-and-displacement-15w0w1pb.png Fig. 6 General lay-out for strain gauge and displacement transducer patterns (a); example of instrumentation applied to DL (UNIPD) (b) and SL (CUT) (c) specimens https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-basalt-reinforcement-some-representative-shear-stress-vdsm2z1l.png Fig. 19 Basalt reinforcement: some representative shear stress-slip curves https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-basalt-reinforcement-load-displacement-curves-23p0oqc3.png Fig. 20 Basalt reinforcement: load-displacement curves https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-details-of-non-rotating-steel-cylinder-and-slippage-kyf0w2zj.png Fig. 11 Details of non-rotating steel cylinder and slippage system used at CUT (a), and bottom plate clamped directly to universal machine used at UNINA (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-set-ups-used-for-dl55-tests-at-unipd-a-and-cut-b-set-359rujm9.png Fig. 10 Set-ups used for DL55 tests at UNIPD (a), and CUT (b); set-up for DL110 tests used at UNINA (c), and shared between UNICH and UNIPG (d) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-glass-reinforcement-load-displacement-curves-22r9568l.png Fig. 16 Glass reinforcement: load-displacement curves https://scispace.com/papers/routhian-reduction-for-quasi-invariant-lagrangians-crj0gqkn9h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-diagram-relating-tangent-and-cotangent-reduction-for-g-k1xtorjt.png FIG. 3. Diagram relating tangent and cotangent reduction for G-regular Lagrangians. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cotangent-bundle-reduction-3e14d6hy.png FIG. 1. Cotangent bundle reduction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diagram-relating-tangent-and-cotangent-reduction-2ugj61pw.png FIG. 2. Diagram relating tangent and cotangent reduction. https://scispace.com/papers/routing-and-wavelength-assignment-in-optical-networks-using-2trfkpnodj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-example-of-a-network-with-9-nodes-and-12-edges-380q9qc2.png Fig. 2. An example of a network with 9 nodes and 12 edges. Upper-case letters represent nodes. Lower-case letters represent edges. Each edge is associated with an integer representing its weight. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-results-on-various-size-optical-network-3ess6zqw.png TABLE 1. Experimental results on various size optical network grids using the PBS4 and MiniSAT Solvers. (S. Path = Shortest Path. S/U = Satisfiable or Unsatisfiable) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-a-wavelength-router-with-three-input-and-mvz6vgng.png Fig. 1. An example of a wavelength router with three input and three output links. Each link has 3 wavelengths. https://scispace.com/papers/routing-based-sequencing-applied-to-shuttle-systems-95ufatanto 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-shuttle-system-configurations-resulting-from-the-zxnlzxhr.png Fig. 1. Shuttle system configurations resulting from the vehicles’ movement space https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-loss-of-throughput-compared-to-chaotic-retrieval-14yvi35l.png Fig. 15. Loss of throughput compared to chaotic retrieval https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-two-independent-sequences-permanently-block-each-other-21oetwnx.png Fig. 4. Two independent sequences permanently block each other; a deadlock arises that has to be avoided. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-retrieval-in-sequence-with-a-stacker-crane-based-as-rs-y48bzt7k.png Fig. 3. Retrieval-in-sequence with a stacker-crane-based AS/RS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-a-system-with-tier-to-tier-and-aisle-to-3r38yzll.png Fig. 2. Example of a system with tier-to-tier and aisle-to-aisle vehicles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-shuttle-system-with-three-lifts-and-three-independent-1jvlzcm2.png Fig. 5. Shuttle system with three lifts and three independent sequences https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-first-free-time-window-on-node-r2-does-not-lead-to-ojve6xj0.png Fig. 8. The first free time window on node r2 does not lead to a correct sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-reserved-and-free-time-windows-on-node-ri-syy48swd.png Fig. 6. Reserved and free time windows on node ri https://scispace.com/papers/routing-in-large-scale-wireless-mesh-networks-using-4dh5n5totm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-but-the-routing-overhead-was-slightly-higher-the-1ew2y6ei.png Fig. 3), but the routing overhead was slightly higher. The increasing overhead originated from the early HEAT beacons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-indicates-that-the-reason-for-the-performance-137glmc4.png Fig. 3), but the routing overhead was slightly higher. The increasing overhead originated from the early HEAT beacons. https://scispace.com/papers/routing-in-optical-multistage-interconnection-networks-a-2x1vi9jwhh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-communication-system-with-a-neural-network-18smbriy.png Figure 1: The communication system with a neural network router. 4 https://scispace.com/papers/rove-beetle-coleoptera-staphylinidae-communities-in-fta8wodauk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-seasonal-dynamics-of-o-caesum-in-conventionally-f9yice7r.png Fig. 5. Seasonal dynamics of O. caesum in conventionally treated apple and pear orchards in agricultural lowland environments (ALE) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-seasonal-dynamics-of-x-linearis-and-x-longiventris-in-16i07sj3.png Fig. 8. Seasonal dynamics of X. linearis and X. longiventris in conventionally treated apple orchards in agricultural lowland environments (ALE) and in per orchards in regularly flooded areas (RFA) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-seasonal-dynamics-of-p-nitidulus-in-conventionally-3s4f2qsp.png Fig. 7. Seasonal dynamics of P. nitidulus in conventionally treated apple and pear orchards in regularly flooded areas (RFA) and in woodland areas of medium height mountains (WAM) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-activity-density-of-the-soil-inhabiting-staphylinid-3r4kj20z.png Fig. 1. Activity density of the soil inhabiting staphylinid fauna in orchards with different tree species from farm 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-activity-density-of-the-soil-inhabiting-staphylinid-2ykrrs5n.png Fig. 2. Activity density of the soil inhabiting staphylinid fauna in orchards with different environmental conditions situated on clay. Were considered as replicates orchards from farms 3 and 7 for ALE and compared with orchards from farms 1 and 2 for WAM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-seasonal-dynamics-of-d-angustula-in-conventionally-2wzinjiv.png Fig. 4. Seasonal dynamics of D. angustula in conventionally treated apple orchards in woodland areas of medium height mountains (WAM) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-seasonal-dynamics-of-d-canaliculata-in-conventionally-18m8u38x.png Fig. 6. Seasonal dynamics of D. canaliculata in conventionally treated apple orchards in agricultural lowland environments (ALE), and in woodland areas of medium height mountains (WAM) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-activity-density-of-the-soil-inhabiting-staphylinid-l329kln0.png Fig. 3. Activity density of the soil inhabiting staphylinid fauna in orchards with different environmental conditions situated on sand. Were compared apple orchards from farm 4 (WAM) with 8 (ALE) and 9 (RFA) https://scispace.com/papers/rover-mobility-on-granular-soil-marrying-multi-scale-5zenm6e0rn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-computational-recipe-used-to-infer-soil-stresses-38gzw556.png Figure 2: Computational recipe used to infer soil stresses under the moving wheel. (a) Continuum representation of a true discontinuous material response using the triangular constant-strain finite elements. The relative grain size of GRC-1 is exaggerated in comparison to the finite element size. (b) Relationship between the volumetric and the deviatoric strains inside the 200+ shear band elements as inferred from experimental data (50 time steps, for a total of 1000+ data points). While the statistical scatter of values is significant, as indicated by the vertical one-standard-deviation error bars with fine data points shown in the background, the statistical mean (blue stars) clearly shows a dilative tendency of even an ‘initially loose’ GRC-1. Dashed red line is a visual fit through the mean values. (c) Total deviatoric strain after 10 camera frames of motion (~1.43 sec). Note: Wheel location can be inferred from the soil surface topography and by comparison with Fig. 1b. (d) Calculated deviatoric stress at the same time station, using a Drucker-Prager constitutive model and experimental dilatancy values in Fig. 2b. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-testbed-and-post-processing-steps-used-17pl1r2q.png Figure 1: Experimental testbed and post-processing steps used to develop the computational mesh. (a) As the wheel travels from left to right, the camera follows the wheel motion and collects images of soil where it interfaces with the wheel. Via the optical flow algorithm during post-processing, the experiment furnishes the velocity vectors at each imaged pixel, the magnitude of which is shown in image of Fig. 1b. (b) A digital image showing magnitudes of velocity vectors at time station t=0. Relevant areas of the image, i.e. the background, wheel, and soil, are indicated on the image. (c) Method of interpolating the motion of Lagrange tracers in a fixed Eulerian grid, using bi-linear shape functions and nodal velocities. (d) A computational mesh is created for the entire length of wheel travel (from t=0 to t=7 sec) for a subdomain of interest. The center of each circle shown represents the nodal location of the finite element mesh. The average motion of Lagrange tracers inside each circular area represents the displacement of the center node. https://scispace.com/papers/routing-indices-for-peer-to-peer-systems-2q94tghslr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-of-cri-hri-and-eri-23u1n1no.png Figure 10. Comparison of CRI, HRI, and ERI https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-routing-indices-2gmh3q3x.png Figure 1. Routing Indices https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cycles-and-routing-indices-1gh0meqv.png Figure 8. Cycles and Routing Indices https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-sample-exponential-routing-index-for-node-w-moryqv8y.png Figure 7. A sample Exponential Routing Index for Node W https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-p2p-example-2n13lqwa.png Figure 2. P2P Example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-simulation-parameters-3vj69a74.png Figure 9. Simulation Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-updates-and-network-topology-2kpbbvfs.png Figure 14. Updates and Network Topology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-sample-compound-ri-11ro2i01.png Figure 3. A Sample Compound RI https://scispace.com/papers/rovibrational-quenching-of-c-2-anions-in-collisions-with-he-33g8djk9an 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-potential-energy-curves-for-the-three-lowest-energy-2qw4g6im.png FIG. 1. Potential energy curves for the three lowest-energy electronic states of C2− and for the ground state of C2. The vibrational levels of interest in this study are also shown. The curves were obtained using the Rydberg-Klein-Rees (RKR) method [51] with the spectroscopic constants from Ervin and Lineberger [21]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rotationally-inelastic-cross-sections-computed-using-21mujesb.png FIG. 4. Rotationally inelastic cross sections computed using vibrationally averaged method (solid lines), using a RR approach with the current PES for r = req (long-dashed lines) and those of our previous RR PES (short-dashed lines) [49]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-rotationally-inelastic-vibrationally-elastic-cross-e9ptsz6e.png FIG. 5. Rotationally inelastic vibrationally elastic cross sections for C2−-He collisions computed for ν = 0 (solid lines), ν = 1 (longdashed lines), and ν = 2 (short-dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-comparison-of-vibrationally-inelastic-cross-1g5ivaxp.png TABLE III. Comparison of vibrationally inelastic cross sections and rates for different systems. Well depth Vmin in cm−1, cross sections σν=1→ν′=0 in Å2 for scattering energy of 10 cm−1. Temperatures in kelvin and rate constants kν=1→ν′=0(T ) in cm3 s−1. The “asterisk” indicates the value was estimated from graph. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-computed-einstein-spontaneous-emission-coefficients-3fzq7szb.png TABLE II. Computed Einstein spontaneous emission coefficients Aj→ j′ for 12C 13C− (B0 = 1.671 52 cm−1 [34], μ = 0.12 D), HD+ (Be = 22.5 cm−1 [56]), μ = 0.87 D [54], and C2H− (Be = 1.389 cm−1 [57], μ = 3.09 D [58]). All quantities in units of s−1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-vibrational-energies-and-rotational-1lwea0f0.png TABLE I. Comparison of vibrational energies and rotational constants with previous theoretical and experimental values. Literature values calculated from Dunham parameters provided. Units of cm−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-vibrationally-inelastic-rotationally-cro2zrvz.png FIG. 6. Comparison of vibrationally inelastic rotationally elastic cross sections for ν = 1 → ν = 0 (left panel), ν = 2 → ν = 1 (center panel), and ν = 2 → ν = 0 (right panel) transitions for collisions of C2− with He, Ne, and Ar atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-contour-plots-of-c2-2-g-he-top-left-ne-top-right-and-vdh0l1ni.png FIG. 2. Contour plots of C2−(2 +g )-He (top left), Ne (top right), and Ar (bottom left) vibrationally averaged matrix elements V0,0(R, θ ) projected onto Cartesian coordinates. Energies in cm−1. Bottom right is expansion of matrix elements in Vλ coefficients for V0,0 for He (solid lines), Ne (long dashed lines), and Ar (short dashed lines). V0 in red (light gray), V2 in blue (darker gray), and V4 in black. https://scispace.com/papers/row-wise-backward-stable-elimination-methods-for-the-4axtjg02wl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-4-forward-errors-x-x-2-x-2-11b1348p.png Table 5.4 Forward errors ‖x− x̂‖2/‖x‖2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-3-results-for-problem-3-k2-a-106-k2-b-10-tol-10-7-3so620sa.png Table 5.3 Results for Problem 3 (κ2(A) = 106, κ2(B) = 10), tol = 10−7. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-results-for-problem-1-random-normal-a-and-b-620kw6za.png Table 5.1 Results for Problem 1 (random normal A and B). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-results-for-problem-2-k2-a-10-k2-b-104-tol-10-7-3a8h6cu1.png Table 5.2 Results for Problem 2 (κ2(A) = 10, κ2(B) = 104), tol = 10−7. https://scispace.com/papers/rp-hplc-esi-it-mass-spectrometry-reveals-significant-390p57u64q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distributions-of-the-xic-peak-area-values-of-a-nxkmt3fu.png Fig. 3 Distributions of the XIC peak area values of α-defensins 1-4 (panels a–d), measured in the entire patient group (PAD), in healthy controls (HC), and in the two subgroups of PAD patients (CVID, and UAD). Asterisks indicate: * = p values < 0.05, ** = p value < 0.01. n.a. = not applicable statistical analysis (number of observation ≤ 2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-clinical-features-of-the-patients-7dvj642r.png Table 1 Demographic and clinical features of the patients included in the study. Not determined values are indicate with “n.d.” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representative-total-ion-current-chromatographic-3h1b5qv1.png Fig. 1 Representative total ion current chromatographic profile obtained by RP-HPLC low-resolution-ESI-MS of the acid soluble fraction of a salivary sample from a PAD patient, the elution ranges of the several families of salivary proteins are indicated. Normalization level (NL) = 4.29E8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plot-of-distribution-of-the-total-protein-2cdp5pgv.png Fig. 2 Plot of distribution of the total protein concentration (μg/μL) measured in acid soluble fractions of salivary samples from PAD patients and healthy controls (HC) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distributions-of-the-xic-peak-area-values-of-salivary-2d9k8q6i.png Fig. 4 Distributions of the XIC peak area values of salivary cystatins S1, S2, and SN (panels a–c) and cystatin B-SSG (panel d), measured in the entire patient group (PAD), in healthy controls (HC), and in the two subgroups of PAD patients (CVID, and UAD). Asterisks indicate: * = p values < 0.05, ** = p value < 0.01 https://scispace.com/papers/rsac-a-radiological-safety-analysis-computer-program-ido-v8hp0hdl7v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-111-gdzax1ck.png TABLE 111 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-1tnmfz6c.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/table-i1-289lnm80.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/papers/ruderman-kittel-kasuya-yosida-exchange-interaction-in-many-59l9ivk7wr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-simple-model-of-the-band-structure-of-the-iv-vi-3bzxshz7.png FIG. 1. A simple model of the band structure of the IV-VI semimagnetic semiconductors (a). The band of heavy holes (X) starts to be populated for concentration of carriers p & p, defined as EF(p, ) =Ez. Due to the very high effective mass of X carriers the RKKY mechanism is strongly enhanced, which results in a thresholdlike carrier concentration dependence of the Curie temperature (b). The experimental data were obtained for the samples of Pbo»Sn072Mnop3Te (Ref. 7). The solid line is the theoretical curve based on the calculations of the RKKY in- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-allocation-of-12-fermi-ellipsoids-of-the-band-of-1a18mzou.png FIG. 2. The allocation of 12 Fermi ellipsoids of the band of heavy holes. The ellipsoids are located at the X points of the Brillonin zone and prolonged into the [100] directions. This model was developed based on the experimental measurements of magnetoresistance (Ref. 16) and the de Haas —van Alphen effect (Ref. 18). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-k-ky-cross-section-of-the-first-brillouin-zone-of-1sdfx22z.png FIG. 4. The k -ky cross section of the first Brillouin zone of the IV-VI crystals. The pair of wave vectors (k, k') represents the standard electronic transitions responsible for the RKKY interaction. The pair (k, k" ) represents the intervalley transi- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-fermi-surface-of-the-x-carriers-has-the-shape-of-zszqf59d.png FIG. 3. The Fermi surface of the X carriers has the shape of the ellipsoid of revolution with the long axis along one of the [100] directions. The dimensions of the Fermi ellipsoids are determined by the concentration of carriers and the effectivemass anisotropy coe%cient [Eq. (2)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-pair-of-two-ellipsoids-prolonged-into-the-same-3aw3fden.png FIG. 5. The pair of two ellipsoids prolonged into the same direction. In such a case the anisotropic problem of the RKKY interaction calculations can be reduced to the isotropic one via transformation (4)-(7). The energy of carriers in valley n is given by E„(k)=(fi /2)K . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-spectrum-of-pairs-of-energy-valleys-in-the-case-3hqff0ot.png TABLE I. The spectrum of pairs of energy valleys in the case of the X band of IV-VI semiconductors. https://scispace.com/papers/rubikauth-fast-and-secure-authentication-in-virtual-reality-38d009i36i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-mean-euclidean-distances-between-attackers-38j43e1u.png Figure 5: The mean Euclidean distances between attackers’ guesses and actual PINs show that a) increasing switches improves security, and b) eye gaze is more secure compared to head pose and controller tapping, even in advanced threat models. Significance of p < .05 is denoted by *. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-more-advanced-threat-models-resulted-in-significant-12d9ij69.png Figure 6: More advanced threat models resulted in significant more accurate successful attacks when input provided with head pose and controller tapping. Significance of p < .05 is denoted by *. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-in-the-first-threat-model-1-attackers-observe-the-nb31dij7.png Figure 3: In the first threat model (1), attackers observe the experimenter during authentication and use a pen and paper to note down observations. In the second threat model (2), the attacker has a real-world 3D replica of RubikAuth to assist in visualising the user’s input. In the third threat model (3), attackers use a smartphone to record the experimenter during authentication and can freely play back the recordings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-controller-tapping-results-in-significantly-faster-3s4j8ope.png Figure 4: Controller tapping results in significantly faster authentications compared to gaze and head pose. Surface switches increase authentication time significantly. Significance of p < .001 is denoted by ***. https://scispace.com/papers/rule-and-meaning-in-the-teaching-of-grammar-2u5tdnppee 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-types-of-rules-in-sla-larsen-freeman-2002-rule-2m6phf54.png Table 1. Types of rules in SLA (Larsen-Freeman 2002) Rule Dimension Linguistic type Orientation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-english-focus-number-system-adapted-from-reid-27i12cz4.png Figure 2. The English Focus Number System (adapted from Reid, 1991: 171) Semantic domain meaning signal https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-noun-number-in-english-after-reid-1991-46-semantic-equ3f42z.png Figure 1. Noun Number in English (after Reid 1991: 46) Semantic domain meaning signal https://scispace.com/papers/rule-of-thumb-in-human-intelligence-for-assessing-the-covid-4ij0db2u88 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reported-newly-tested-positive-patients-and-its-29oy0i3b.png Figure 3: Reported newly tested-positive patients and its value predicted by Google AI from January 11 through February 7, 2021 as of January 10, 2021. (cases) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-newly-infected-symptomatic-patients-2muf7hbt.png Figure 2: Percentage of newly infected symptomatic patients to the respective peaks of three waves. (%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-epidemic-curve-with-newly-infected-symptomatic-cq2lxgl6.png Figure 1: Epidemic curve, with newly infected symptomatic patients and R(t) in Japan. (cases) （R(t)） https://scispace.com/papers/ruling-out-septic-arthritis-risk-in-a-few-minutes-using-mid-2oq4wob6nn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-description-of-the-different-joints-investigated-2yj5ns3b.png Fig. 1 Description of the different joints investigated Calibration (A) and validation (B) cohorts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bacteria-isolated-from-septic-arthritis-joints-1cwqz31o.png Table 2 Bacteria isolated from septic arthritis joints https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-patients-in-the-calibration-eyz5lb0h.png Table 1 Characteristics of patients in the calibration cohort https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-translation-of-the-probability-of-septic-arthritis-1t96rzwf.png Fig. 3 Translation of the probability of septic arthritis into a risk-score (A) Evolution of PPV (red) and NPV (blue) values accord‐ ing of spectral model probability and ‘risk score’. Percentage of patients according to diagnosis and risk score for calibration (B) and validation (C) cohorts. PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-performances-of-the-spectral-model-a-boxplot-of-the-3fz8nep2.png Fig. 2 Performances of the spectral model (A) Boxplot of the septic arthritis probability according to the calibration (red) and validation (blue) cohorts and non-septic and septic patients. (B) AUROC for the spectral model for the calibration (red) and vali‐ dation (blue) cohorts. (C) Performance table. CIs at 95% are given in brackets. Se: sensitivity; Sp: specificity; PPV: positive pre‐ dictive value; NPV: negative predictive value; WCR: well classified rate; LR: likelihood ratio; AUROC: area under the receiver https://scispace.com/papers/rules-of-the-road-compliance-and-defiance-among-the-3909e3mbd0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-demographic-characteristics-of-cyclist-3uzq4sj9.png Table 2. Selected Demographic Characteristics of Cyclist Types https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cyclist-types-note-percentages-may-not-add-to-100-3uvihqak.png Figure 2. Cyclist types. Note: Percentages may not add to 100% due to rounding. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scenario-response-by-cyclist-type-1rkm9tdj.png Figure 3. Scenario response by cyclist type. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-scenario-response-by-cyclist-type-3hvornzh.png Table 3. Scenario Response by Cyclist Type https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rationale-for-not-following-the-highway-safety-code-286dcmwg.png Figure 4. Rationale for not following the Highway Safety Code by cyclist type. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-rationale-for-not-following-the-highway-safety-code-1sx0wfxk.png Figure 5. Rationale for not following the Highway Safety Code by scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-targeting-cycling-policies-for-increasing-rule-3bjm1fo6.png Figure 6. Targeting cycling policies for increasing rule compliance by cyclist type. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scenario-design-and-responses-from-montreal-cycling-2z0nh3sn.png Figure 1. Scenario design and responses, from Montreal Cycling Survey 2018. https://scispace.com/papers/rules-or-consequences-the-role-of-ethical-mind-sets-in-moral-3k1yj1j1k6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-interaction-effect-of-recalling-an-un-ethical-2n25u04h.png Figure 3. The interaction effect of recalling an (un)ethical act and ethical mindset on cheating (Study 3). Error bars represent standard errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-interaction-effect-of-recalling-an-un-ethical-37tmnwox.png Figure 2. The interaction effect of recalling an (un)ethical act and ethical mindset on the number of coins donated in a DG (Study 2). Error bars represent standard https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-interaction-effect-of-ethical-mindset-and-29bmvqjj.png Figure 1. The interaction effect of ethical mindset and ethicality of the recalled act on the number of coins donated in a DG (Study 1). Error bars represent standard errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-path-diagram-of-the-moderated-mediation-model-study-1kvcgsyv.png Figure 4. Path diagram of the moderated mediation model (Study 3). https://scispace.com/papers/run-time-hardware-reconfiguration-of-functional-units-to-16gceobvta 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-operation-modes-and-its-measures-232jn4hk.png TABLE I OPERATION MODES AND ITS MEASURES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-process-switching-time-switching-between-two-okn7atvl.png Fig. 4. Process switching time: switching between two application process and the Monitor process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-full-system-execution-it-is-running-3-different-38bse7m9.png Fig. 3. Full system execution, it is running 3 different application processes and 1 monitor process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-functional-units-states-for-operation-modes-and-2z9gbp3v.png TABLE II FUNCTIONAL UNITS STATES FOR OPERATION MODES AND PROCESS CRITICALITIES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-overview-of-the-design-and-its-internal-snq4dxvj.png Fig. 1. General overview of the design and its internal elements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-operation-modes-and-their-equivalent-status-3d6f5qbm.png TABLE III OPERATION MODES AND THEIR EQUIVALENT STATUS REGISTER (stats reg) VALUES. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-status-register-stats-reg-bits-description-bits-0-1-33kf6j42.png Fig. 2. Status register (stats reg) bits description: bits 0, 1 and 2 indicate the status of each of the functional units: FU1, FU2 and FU3, respectively; bit 3 and 4 to fault detection (FD) and correction (FC) mechanism and bit 5 to error analysis (EA) configuration. The remaining bits were left for future expansions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-faults-simulation-performed-over-the-platform-the-3t7nuo8r.png Fig. 5. Faults simulation performed over the platform, the units status register (units reg) is incremented time to time simulating fault detection in the FUs. Numbers in the wave chart are is hexadecimal notation. https://scispace.com/papers/running-in-wear-modeling-of-honed-surface-for-combustion-23besepebt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sem-photographs-x1500-left-and-x500-right-of-12pm98af.png Figure 3 SEM photographs x1500 (left) and x500 (right) of plateau honed surface topography where plateau honing process operating conditions are 5.5 bar honing pressure at diff rent number of stroke (honing time) : (a1- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variations-of-a-the-normalized-root-mean-square-2qe72qeh.png Figure 6 Variations of (a) the normalized root-mean square height of valleys component of cylinder bore https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-a-vertical-honing-machine-with-expansible-tool-b-1iwob7ph.png Figure 1 (a) A vertical honing machine with expansible tool, (b) Schematic representation of he honing head in continuous balanced movement. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-specific-conditions-of-multistage-surface-production-3rt8rlno.png Table I. Specific conditions of multistage surface production by honing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-changes-of-root-mean-square-height-attenuation-of-27px1ctk.png Figure 5 Changes of root-mean square height attenuation of plateau and valleys components of cylinder surface during plateau honing stage for two different initial surface roughness (a1),(b1) hp =2.3 bar, (a2),(b2) hp =5.5 bar, (a3),(b3) hp =10 bar. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-model-coefficients-and-statistics-evaluation-of-2vos2vs0.png Table 2. Model coefficients and statistics evaluation of model fitting with experimental data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3d-topographies-of-finish-honed-surface-produced-by-1x3q741j.png Figure 2 3D topographies of finish honed surface produced by using two different expansion velocity in finish honing stage (a) 1.5 µm/s, (b) 6 µm/s and (Process working variables are given in Table I). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-predicted-friction-coefficients-versus-arithmetic-28tixusk.png Figure 9 Predicted friction coefficients versus arithmetic average roughness amplitude (Ra) of plateau honed cylinder surfaces. https://scispace.com/papers/ruling-out-the-light-weakly-interacting-massive-particle-1x2nq0rcvx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-number-of-relativistic-degrees-of-freedomneff-at-1kopwtki.png FIG. 1. The number of relativistic degrees of freedomNeff at the CMB epoch as a function of the DM mass mDM for a real scalar (orange, dotted) and Dirac fermion (green, dashed). For neutrino sector thermal production, the enhancement of Neff is a result of DM annihilations reheating the neutrino sector, as described by Eq. (1). For electron sector production, the suppression of Neff is due to DM annihilations into eþe− reheating the photon sector, as described by Eq. (4). The solid black line corresponds to the standard value of 3.046. Also shown is the 95% C.L. favored region of Neff from the Planckþ lensing data set (grey band) assuming ΛCDM, i.e. Neff ¼ 2.94 0.38 [47]. Note that a complete MCMC analysis is required to derive constraints from such modifications to Neff as there are well-known degeneracies with the other cosmological parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-dm-annihilation-cross-section-into-ethe-as-a-1drwk9ox.png FIG. 4. The DM annihilation cross section into eþe− as a function of the mass of the DM particle. ζ ¼ 1 when the DM and its antiparticle are identical, and 1=2 otherwise. Hatched bands show the values of hσvieþe− vs mDM that are necessary to explain the 511 keV line for Einasto (black, upper) and NFW (blue, lower) DM density profiles, including the 2σ uncertainty from the DM flux, halo shape and stellar disk component [15]. In both panels, values of hσvieþe− above the grey allowed regions are excluded by Planck CMB limits on energy injection in the dark ages [73]. The colored contours correspond to the 68% and 95% C.L. regions that are allowed by Planck CMB data for thermal production via the neutrino sector (left panel) and electron sector (right panel); we consider a real scalar WIMP (orange) and a Dirac fermion WIMP (green). Bounds on the DM mass from the entropy transfer [Eqs. (1) and (4)] constrain the colored regions from the left, while bounds from late-time energy injection on hσvieþe− constrain them from above. The combination of these effects allows us to rule out the DM mass range required to explain the 511 keV line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-constraints-on-the-baryon-content-obh2-versus-the-23f5m88j.png FIG. 3. Constraints on the baryon content Ωbh2 versus the light DM mass mDM for the four considered scenarios. In orange/green, 68% and 95% C.L. regions allowed by Planck; in blue, 68% and 95% C.L. allowed regions from direct measurements of YP and D=H. Only overlapping regions shown in grey are compatible with both data sets. BBN requirements on a Dirac fermion are in tension with the restriction that mDM ≲ 7 MeV to avoid overproduction of bremsstrahlung gamma rays [16,21,22]. An extensive MCMC analysis of CMB data is necessary to firmly rule out all possibilities (see Fig. 4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-effective-energy-deposition-fraction-for-the-37jhm9kc.png FIG. 2. The effective energy deposition fraction for the smooth DM background component feff versus the DMmassmDM for the eþe− annihilation channel. The points are taken from [36]. https://scispace.com/papers/runoff-and-sediment-transport-during-the-snowmelt-period-in-347hyf1j06 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-relationships-between-hourly-solute-concentration-2gn82tdw.png FIGURE 7. Relationships between hourly solute concentration and discharge during the 2004 snowmelt period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-dense-gully-network-on-carboniferous-slates-3kyjpkbu.png FIGURE 2. The dense gully network on Carboniferous slates close to the divide (pointed by the white arrows) is the main sediment source area in the catchment. https://scispace.com/papers/runoff-driven-export-of-particulate-organic-carbon-from-soil-q8scpwnql1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-five-storm-events-sampled-2931jixu.png Table 1. Characteristics of the five storm events sampled. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-rating-curve-parameters-for-power-law-relationships-1rwsd8gl.png Table 4. Rating curve parameters for power law relationships between Q/Qmean and suspended sediment (SS) or particulate organic carbon (POC), of the form SS or POC = a(Q/Qmean)b(a). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-modeled-export-of-suspended-sediment-ss-and-total-23id6kd6.png Table 5. Modeled export of suspended sediment (SS) and total, fossil and non-fossil particulate organic carbon (tPOC, fPOC and nfPOC), averaged over 29 years (1983- 2011 inclusive). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-organic-carbon-concentration-corg-carbon-to-nitrogen-1tjfs4t1.png Table 2. Organic carbon concentration (Corg), carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) and nitrogen isotopic composition (δ15N) of major carbon stores within the catchment, and hillslope runoff and riverine suspended sedimenta. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-radiocarbon-analysis-on-selected-samplesa-2fxjd4my.png Table 3. Results of radiocarbon analysis on selected samplesa. https://scispace.com/papers/runtime-behavior-monitoring-and-self-adaptation-in-service-11j46i45bz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-self-adaptation-and-behavior-monitoring-approach-a69me8jq.png Fig. 1. Self-adaptation and behavior monitoring approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evolving-interaction-networks-based-on-adaptation-2b0tij6g.png Fig. 4. Evolving interaction networks based on adaptation actions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-architecture-for-self-adaptation-in-service-oriented-liftu5uj.png Fig. 3. Architecture for self-adaptation in service-oriented systems. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-adaptations-using-different-thresholds-for-mirroring-1n10hytx.png Fig. 5. Adaptations using different thresholds for mirroring and teleportation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-number-of-adaptation-actions-applied-using-2e34gxty.png Fig. 6. Number of adaptation actions applied using differentstrategies. https://scispace.com/papers/runtime-repair-of-software-faults-using-event-driven-18kuyikyfx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-this-is-the-map-screen-from-where-players-can-move-i29isbyx.png Figure 8: This is the map screen from where players can move to the next level, which is dynamically generated by the Infinite Mario Bros. codebase. If the buggy code is enabled, if a pit is generated in the new level, it is generated to be impossible to jump across. If the rule engine is also enabled, it requests the gap to be filled in with blocks to enable the player to jump across. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-screenshot-from-lakitu-in-game-this-is-a-10qbhx95.png Figure 10: A screenshot from Lakitu in-game. This is a screenshot of Lakitu in buggy operation, with the rule engine disabled. Notice how high Mario has jumped: a jump of such height should not be possible. Re-enabling the rule engine will prevent Mario jumping so high again. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-this-screenshot-shows-the-rule-engine-menu-this-16el7vf9.png Figure 7: This screenshot shows the rule engine menu. This allows users to enable or disable the rule engine. This change can also happen dynamically in-game. When the buggy code is running, enabling or disabling the rule engine illustrates how the repairs effect the game. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-screenshot-from-lakitu-in-game-this-is-a-fpk6wg41.png Figure 9: A screenshot from Lakitu in-game. This is a screenshot of Lakitu in normal operation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sample-output-showing-a-jump-failure-no-landing-is-evt81yaw.png Figure 4: Sample output showing a jump failure (no landing is detected within two seconds). The jump fact is sent from the SUT to the rule engine, that then inserts it. The rule engine doesn’t get a landing, so fires a repair event which is handled back at the SUT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-screenshot-from-lakitu-the-menu-bar-allows-the-8l5gnfu7.png Figure 1: A screenshot from Lakitu. The menu bar allows the user to enable or disable the rule engine, and switch the game version between the correct code and the buggy code. https://scispace.com/papers/runtime-empirical-selection-of-loop-schedulers-on-7ph41m2wn1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-speedup-on-1-through-8-processors-using-the-1atpg1qs.png Figure 6. The speedup on 1 through 8 processors using the Omni research compiler with the original parallel applications. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-of-a-parallel-loop-in-c-the-schedule-1poh0a8i.png Figure 1. An example of a parallel loop in C. The schedule(runtime) clause specifies that the scheduler will be selected by the user at runtime through an environment variable. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-loop-with-a-schedule-runtime-pragma-as-24jw3qer.png Figure 2. A loop with a schedule(runtime) pragma as transformed by the Omni compiler. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-speedup-of-applications-using-different-59wsjfpa.png Figure 7. The speedup of applications using different schedulers when (a) only the 4 physical processors are used and (b) when all 8 virtual processors are used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-the-improvement-of-hcs-over-the-single-level-kil07nwf.png Figure 14. The improvement of HCS over the single-level schedulers using 8 threads. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-improvement-of-rbs-over-the-single-level-a9cab5ob.png Figure 12. The improvement of RBS over the single-level schedulers using 8 threads. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-improvement-of-lbs-over-the-single-level-kqoz7az4.png Figure 13. The improvement of LBS over the single-level schedulers using 8 threads. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-calls-to-parallel-loops-and-their-2xdt02j7.png Table 2. Number of calls to parallel loops and their percentage of total execution time https://scispace.com/papers/runtime-speculative-on-stack-parallelization-of-for-loops-in-3rdu8r4qnx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-polybench-kernels-used-in-the-experiments-1vj116ag.png TABLE 1: Polybench kernels used in the experiments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-of-our-speculative-parallelization-29kl5xsl.png Fig. 4: Performance of our speculative parallelization mechanism (parallelization using 4 threads) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-kernel-33qew7ir.png Fig. 3: Example Kernel https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-system-overview-3hbbgm48.png Fig. 2: System Overview https://scispace.com/papers/rupture-of-ultrathin-solution-films-on-planar-solid-16z21vkb4d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-resolved-imaging-data-and-corresponding-time-1le2x52m.png Figure 2: Time resolved imaging data and corresponding time dependent film thickness curve measured from the hydrodynamic-evaporative thinning of toluene on a rotating SiO2 substrate (ω = 1000rpm). The transition height htr characterizes the transition between the early (hydrodynamic) stage of film thinning controlled by viscous forces, and the later stage determined by liquid evaporation. Experiments for this report focus on the very late stages of film thinning with film heights, h f , smaller than 100 nm. In this case (h f << htr) film thinning is dominated by evaporation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rupture-behavior-of-films-of-a-mixtures-of-c36h74-8i6s86km.png Figure 4: Rupture behavior of films of (a) mixtures of C36H74/toluene (c0 = 6 · 10−4 M) and of (b) NaHCO3/H2O (c0 = 0.09 M). The top rows show examples of images recorded as the films become thinner due to solvent evaporation. The cartoons depict the corresponding cross sections through the films indicating the crystallization of the solute at the substrate/film interface and the film rupture (hole formation) at this location. The plots show hrupture, the film heights at which hole formation is observed/commences, as function of c0, the weighing in concentration of the solute. Also shown are AFM images of the dry solute on the substrates after complete solvent evaporation. Each data point represents the results of several experiments (errors estimated from rupture statistics and thickness resolution). Different data points at the same c0 represent results from different measurement series. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-of-the-film-thinning-behaviour-and-of-the-3ne764vm.png Figure 3: Schematic of the film thinning behaviour and of the concentration evolution in the case of a mixture of a volatile solvent and a non-volatile solute Depicted is the situation for films thinner than the transition height, htr . A homogeneous vertical solute distribution is assumed during solute enrichment as result of the continuous solvent evaporation (i.e., Shtr < 1, which is the case in most practical cases). https://scispace.com/papers/rural-urban-crime-trends-in-international-perspective-4kf25jy0j8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-4-number-of-enterprises-in-the-security-sector-dqw4aags.png Figure 11.4 Number of enterprises in the security sector between 1993 and 2013, Sweden (bar) and by county (lines) (data source: Statistics Sweden, 2013). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-3-type-of-evaluation-in-cp-projects-financed-by-2btcel95.png Figure 11.3 Type of evaluation in CP projects financed by BRÅ (%) (data source: projects granted funding by the Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention (BRÅ), 2004–2010, in Ceccato and Dolmén, 2013, p. 101). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-5-a-number-of-enterprises-in-security-sector-by-1oek3sp4.png Figure 11.5 ( a) Number of enterprises in security sector by county, 1993 and 2013, and (b) number of police officers and increase (%), 2000–2012 by county (data source: (a) Statistics Sweden, 2013; (b) Swedish National Police Agency, 2013). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-2-issues-addressed-by-the-cp-projects-financed-by-12tw1lso.png Figure 11.2 Issues addressed by the CP projects financed by BRÅ (%) (data source: projects granted funding by the Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention (BRÅ), 2004–2010, in Ceccato and Dolmén, 2013, p. 101). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-1-number-of-police-officers-in-rural-and-other-3ke3v08w.png Figure 11.1 Number of police officers in rural and other municipalities, 2001–2012 (source: Lindström, 2014). https://scispace.com/papers/rural-taxation-reforms-and-compulsory-education-finance-in-kxf9domu4b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-gini-coefficient-of-per-pupil-expenditures-1998-2006-2d3kb7w9.png Table 4. Gini Coefficient of Per-Pupil Expenditures (1998–2006) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-per-pupil-spending-in-rmb-1998-and-2006-2eebdzhq.png Table 1. Per-Pupil Spending (in RMB), 1998 and 2006 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gini-coefficient-of-two-major-revenue-sources-1998-29rueog8.png Table 3. Gini Coefficient of Two Major Revenue Sources (1998–2006) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-changing-sources-of-funding-for-education-over-time-1bm6wyvb.png Table 2. Changing Sources of Funding for Education Over Time (RMB, in Billions) https://scispace.com/papers/rural-income-generating-activities-whatever-happened-to-the-amys47i9v9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-alternative-institutional-models-dvednj88.png Table 1 – Alternative institutional models https://scispace.com/papers/rural-urban-differences-in-awareness-and-use-of-family-470au9eo8s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multivariate-logistic-regression-models-predicting-2h3etftk.png Table 3 Multivariate logistic regression models predicting awareness and use of family planning services among female California Personal Responsibility Education Program participants ages 14e18 years https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-factors-associated-with-awareness-and-use-of-family-um6t5bso.png Table 2 Factors associated with awareness and use of family planning services among female Ca (N ¼ 4,614) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-female-california-personal-1pp9g1to.png Table 1 Characteristics of female California Personal Responsibility Education Program participants ages 14e18 years, by rural or urban program site https://scispace.com/papers/russia-s-foreign-trade-in-november-2014-4tzkxwuvdb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2rvxnw3h.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/russia-and-the-arab-spring-supporting-the-counter-revolution-2pnzjwpfv8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3gua64e1.png FIGURE 1 https://scispace.com/papers/russian-old-believers-genetic-consequences-of-their-259s346a56 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primers-and-reaction-conditions-used-in-pcr-rflp-3nlryfbs.png Table 1. Primers and Reaction Conditions Used in PCR-RFLP Analysis of mtDNAs https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-amova-of-f-st-estimates-for-old-believer-and-slavic-3cpekt22.png Table 4. AMOVA of F St Estimates for Old Believer and Slavic Populations a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-multidimensional-scaling-plot-of-fst-values-for-2d4da4um.png Figure 3. A multidimensional scaling plot of FSt values for Old Believers (circles), ethnic Russians from Siberia (open squares), and comparative Slavic populations (filled squares). The stress value for this plot is 0.23 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-median-joining-etwork-of-old-believer-and-ethnic-2q709916.png Figure 2. A median-joining etwork of Old Believer and ethnic Russian haplotypes. The frequency of each haplotype in each population is indicated in white (Old Believer) and black (Rus- https://scispace.com/papers/russian-e-petitions-portal-exploring-regional-variance-in-ijz2bcrk9n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-number-of-petitions-submitted-via-rpi-portal-3092sojn.png Fig. 1. The number of petitions submitted via RPI portal. (Source: Automated E-Petition Portals Monitoring System by eGovernance Center). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-number-of-votes-submitted-via-rpi-portal-source-eu9s3efj.png Fig. 2. The number of votes submitted via RPI portal. (Source: Automated E-Petition Portals Monitoring System by eGovernance Center). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-indices-of-the-usia-effect-on-regional-and-federal-e-2blkbput.png Table 1. Indices of the USIA effect on regional and federal e-petitions (Source: Authors calculations based on data by the Russian Ministry of Communication and Russian Statistics Service)8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-regression-analysis-dependent-variables-1on8m1dl.png Table 3. Results of regression analysis, dependent variables: RPI_PET and RPI_VOTE (Source: Authors’ calculations) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-pearsons-correlation-analysis-source-1ju55nhw.png Table 2. Results of Pearson’s correlation analysis (Source: Authors’ calculations)11 https://scispace.com/papers/ruthenaphosphaalkenyls-synthesis-structures-and-their-2ay7p6wv6n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-spectroscopic-data-for-e-2-phosphaalkene-complexes-5-bskovbet.png Table 3: Spectroscopic data for η 2 -phosphaalkene complexes 5 – 14. a https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-calculated-spectroscopic-data-for-5-and-7-2o366gm7.png Table 4: Calculated spectroscopic data for 5 and 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-optimized-geometries-of-5-left-and-7-right-with-2gg04odm.png Figure 6: Optimized geometries of 5 (left) and 7 (right), with hydrogen atoms and phenyl rings omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-molecular-structure-of-2-in-molecules-of-the-et2o-19woness.png Figure 1: Molecular structure of 2 in molecules of the Et2O solvate; 50 % thermal ellipsoids, hydrogen atoms omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparative-calculated-and-experimental-ir-and-nmr-22rx5z3r.png Table 2: Comparative calculated and experimental IR and NMR data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-geometric-data-for-compounds-2-4-a-2z1ku74a.png Table 1: Selected geometric data for compounds 2 – 4. a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-molecular-structure-of-4-50-thermal-ellipsoids-2qyp0dxn.png Figure 3: Molecular structure of 4; 50 % thermal ellipsoids, hydrogen atoms omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-molecular-structure-of-3-50-thermal-ellipsoids-1p3dnnka.png Figure 2: Molecular structure of 3; 50 % thermal ellipsoids, hydrogen atoms omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/papers/ruthenium-iii-polyethyleneimine-complexes-for-bifunctional-254fdbhby6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-chronoamperometric-curves-of-ru-iii-pei-mwcnts-ru-2pikrqjm.png Fig. 4 (A) Chronoamperometric curves of Ru(III)-PEI@MWCNTs, Ru(III)@MWCNTs, PEI@MWCNTs and MWCNTs in N2-saturated 0.1 M KOH electrolyte at -0.1 V. (B) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-schematic-diagram-of-the-electrochemical-system-used-l7xgfulw.png Fig. 5 (A) Schematic diagram of the electrochemical system used for electrocatalytic NRR coupled with HMF oxidation and the overall cell reactions. (B) A comparison https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-lsv-curves-of-ru-iii-pei-mwcnts-in-n2-saturated-and-2xhs4sxn.png Fig. 3 (A) LSV curves of Ru(III)-PEI@MWCNTs in N2-saturated and Ar-saturated 0.1 M KOH electrolyte measured at 10 mV s-1. (B) Chronoamperometric curves of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sem-b-tem-c-haadf-stem-images-of-ru-iii-pei-mwcnts-3pvf6ut4.png Fig. 1 (A) SEM, (B) TEM, (C) HAADF-STEM images of Ru(III)-PEI@MWCNTs and Inset in panel C: HRTEM image of Ru(III)-PEI@MWCNTs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-uv-vis-absorption-spectra-of-single-component-rucl3-11nxufhc.png Fig. 2 (A) UV–vis absorption spectra of single-component RuCl3 solution, singlecomponent PEI solution and the mixture solution of RuCl3 and PEI at pH=4. (B) XRD https://scispace.com/papers/ruthenium-triazine-composite-a-good-match-for-increasing-4kaiay1ks1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-experimental-and-calculated-work-functions-of-c-1dfxgo4g.png Figure 3. (a) Experimental and calculated work functions of C, NC and triNC support. (b) Differential charge density of Ru/triNC. Grey, blue and orange spheres represent C, N and Ru atoms, respectively. Yellow and blue areas represent electron accumulation and electron depletion, respectively. (c) Illustration of contact electrification in Ru/triNC and Ru/NC, showing increased contact electrification in Ru/triNC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-electronic-properties-of-carbon-supports-and-ru-9egblrx6.png Figure 2. Electronic properties of carbon supports and Ru-loaded samples. UPS spectra of (a) C, NC, and triNC, and (b) Ru/triNC and triNC. The insets show the enlarged parts. XPS spectra of (c) N1s of triNC and Ru/triNC, and (d) Ru3p of Ru/C, Ru/NC, and Ru/triNC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-ft-ir-spectra-of-triazine-based-ctf-and-trinc-b-2r8qaqix.png Figure 1. (a) FT-IR spectra of triazine-based CTF and triNC. (b) XRD patterns of triNC and Ru/triNC. (c-d) TEM and HADDF-STEM images of Ru/triNC. Inset of (c) is particle size distribution of Ru nanoparticles. (e) HRTEM image of Ru/triNC. (f) HAADF-STEM images of Ru/triNC and the corresponding elemental mapping images for C, N and Ru. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-hydrogen-adsorption-free-energy-dgh-on-ru-trinc-risinkgp.png Figure 5. (a) Hydrogen adsorption free energy (ΔGH) on Ru/triNC, Pt/triNC, Ru/C, Ru/NC, Pt (111) and Ru (001). (b) Water molecule binding energy on Pt(111), Ru(001), Ru/triNC, and Pt/triNC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-lsv-curves-for-ru-trinc-ru-nc-ru-c-and-commercial-pllueqvt.png Figure 4. (a) LSV curves for Ru/triNC, Ru/NC, Ru/C and commercial Pt/C in 1 KOH solution (scan rate: 2 mV s-1; rotation speed: 1600 rpm; iR correction: 90%). (b) Tafel plots calculated from the data in a. (c) Comparison of overpotential at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 and exchange current density calculated using extrapolation of Tafel plots. (d) EIS spectra. (e) Electrochemical surface area measured by double layer capacitance. (f) Duration measurements of commercial Pt/C and Ru/triNC. (g and h) Dependence of η10 and triazine N content for Ru/triNC on thermal treatment temperatures and Ru loading amounts. (i) Comparison of metal mass activities (at 25 mV overpotential) for Pt/C, Pt/triNC, and Ru/triNC with different thermal treatment temperatures and Ru loading amounts. https://scispace.com/papers/rutile-structured-tio2-deposited-by-plasma-enhanced-atomic-29axdvqt4w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-gpc-vs-deposition-temperature-for-plasma-15sug99b.png FIG. 1. (Color online) GPC vs deposition temperature for plasma assisted ALD TiO2 film growth from TDMAT and O2. An ALD window is observed between 150 and 250 C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-ga-xrd-pattern-of-a-19-nm-thick-tio2-31vxskfj.png FIG. 3. (Color online) GA-XRD pattern of a 19 nm thick TiO2 layer deposited on Pt substrate. TiO2 layer is polycrystalline and anatase-structured. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cross-section-hrtem-image-of-a-19-nm-polycrystalline-13zg05tt.png FIG. 2. Cross-section HRTEM image of a 19 nm polycrystalline TiO2 film deposited on Pt substrate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-current-voltage-characteristic-of-au-tio2-1dez32vz.png FIG. 8. (Color online) Current–voltage characteristic of Au/TiO2/RuO2/Ru and Au/ATO/RuO2/Ru MIM capacitors. Results are shown for ATO layers with different Al-doping levels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-leakage-current-density-at-0-8v-vs-eot-346d95gm.png FIG. 9. (Color online) Leakage current density at 0.8V vs EOT for ATO layers with different Al-doping levels and thicknesses. ATO 12 nm stands for a 12 nm thick ATO 1/60 layer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-leakage-current-density-measured-at-0-8v-32biyacv.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Leakage current density measured at 0.8V vs dielectric constant for MIM capacitors embedding TiO2 or ATO as insulators and either Pt or RuO2/Ru as bottom electrodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cross-section-hrtem-image-of-tio2-ruo2-ru-stack-tio2-1ubtgota.png FIG. 5. Cross-section HRTEM image of TiO2/RuO2/Ru stack, TiO2 is in epitaxial relation with RuO2. Fast Fourier transform diffraction pattern (inset) of the delimited TiO2 grain exhibits rutile structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-a-edx-profile-of-ru-k-ti-k-and-o-k-lines-3982give.png FIG. 6. (Color online) (a) EDX profile of Ru-K, Ti-K, and O-K lines across the TiO2/RuO2/Ru stack. (b) STEM image of the Au/TiO2/RuO2/Ru stack where the EDX profile cutline is indicated. https://scispace.com/papers/rydberg-atom-phase-sensitive-detection-and-the-quantum-zeno-otdu1l3lic 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-qnd-scheme-to-measure-2yp7pmuv.png FIG. 1. Schematic representation of the QND scheme to measure the photon number in the cavity. L, is a field used to prepare the state of the atoms so that they have a nonzero dipole on entering the cavity, while L2 ensures that the final ionization count will give information on the photon number in the cavity. https://scispace.com/papers/rydberg-atoms-and-radiation-in-a-resonant-cavity-ii-5d4ycul75n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scheme-o-f-the-experrmental-set-up-4q2374xv.png Figure 1 : Scheme o f the experrmental set-up https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-i-o-n-i-z-a-t-i-o-n-s-igna-l-showing-maser-ac-t-ion-3re09vxv.png Figure 4 : I o n i z a t i o n s igna l showing maser ac t ion on 30s - 2 9 P s t r a n s i t i o n i n a h igh f inesse c a v i t y w i t h on ly 100 (+ 50) exci ted atoms. https://scispace.com/papers/s-equence-b-raiding-visual-overviews-of-temporal-event-213knlqe4m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-the-stimuli-used-in-the-experiment-top-19vbnm9q.png Fig. 8: Comparison of the stimuli used in the experiment (Top: SEQUENCE BRAIDING vs. Bottom: IDMVis). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-200-chess-openings-displayed-with-sequence-braiding-2w34ahfb.png Fig. 7: 200 chess openings displayed with SEQUENCE BRAIDING. Each line represents a sequence of moves of the white player, each group is a chess piece type. Most openings start with a pawn, and very little with the knight. After moving a pawn, it is common to move a knight or a pawn, it is a little less common to move a bishop, and only a little number of openings move the queen on the second move. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-between-timing-and-number-of-crossings-i44kosoq.png Table 1: Comparison between timing and number of crossings obtained by the heuristic-based approach and the integer linear programming approach. Empty cells represent when the computation was unable to terminate (out of memory). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-results-of-our-evaluation-comparing-sequence-braiding-21qyr0u8.png Fig. 9: Results of our evaluation comparing SEQUENCE BRAIDING vs. IDMVis [63]. A Completion time and correctness per task. Each row corresponds to the task at left, which is classified based on Andrienko & Andrienko [3]. The specific question instantiating that task for the study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-us-performance-in-various-olympic-sports-through-the-1fk1p38h.png Fig. 14: US performance in various Olympic sports through the years, compared to other countries. The vertical axis is the sum of medals obtained. The US did not participate in the 1980 Olympics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-a-subset-of-our-diabetes-dataset-represented-with-rxztll7r.png Fig. 19: A subset of our diabetes dataset represented with Storylines [38] after extensive edits to load and represent the dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-storyflow-visualizing-one-of-their-standard-examples-2zi17cv3.png Fig. 20: Storyflow visualizing one of their standard examples [30]. Star Wars characters are grouped together based on an attribute — being in the same scene of the movie. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-one-of-the-standard-storylines-samples-unedited-38-2vyeaaht.png Fig. 18: One of the standard Storylines samples, unedited [38]. https://scispace.com/papers/s-frame-design-for-multiple-description-video-coding-24bf9x22y9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-mdc-figure-2-s-frame-scheme-3unl1mj7.png Figure. 1. Example of MDC Figure. 2. S frame scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-with-various-qualities-and-loss-rates-a-b-2z4qqsft.png Figure. 4. Results with various qualities and loss rates: (a), (b) and (c) are for the channels with the same loss rate. They have different bit rate. (d) and (e) are for the unbalanced channels in which different loss rates is set for them. (f) shows the improvement of each of 100 simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-redundancy-of-encoding-with-s-frames-3vhzrrzd.png TABLE 1. REDUNDANCY OF ENCODING WITH S FRAMES https://scispace.com/papers/s-irfinder-stable-and-accurate-measurement-of-intron-4686c16t2z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-existing-measures-to-estimate-ir-levels-from-short-3f07ij3x.png Table 1 : Existing measures to estimate IR levels from short RNA-seq data and their implementation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-the-three-ir-measures-on-real-and-3tlx8vi6.png Figure 1: Comparison of the three IR-measures on real and simulated RNA-seq data. A. Percentage of artifactual “0” and “1” IR values. B. The effect of intron length on the difference between the true IR-levels and their estimates. Both the PSI and the IRratio tend to underestimate the retention level of the longest introns. C. Distribution of differences between the true IR-levels and their estimates on a simulated RNA-seq experiment. D. Real https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temporal-variations-of-ir-levels-during-the-emt-1xyi82vo.png Figure 2. Temporal variations of IR-levels during the EMT induced in a Human nonsmall cell lung cancer cell line H358. A. Principal component analysis of SIRratio values across time points. The first component captures the temporal nature of the data, and the progress of the EMT. Values obtained with the IRratio are noisier and harder to interpret (cf: Supplementary Figure 8). B. Heatmap of SIRratio values and hierarchical clustering on the 100 most influential retained introns on the first component, selected by sparse PCA [36,37]. C. Illustration of the evolution of coverage profiles and SIRratio levels on two of the introns driving the first component of the sparse PCA: Intron 13 from gene Endoglin (ENG, Chr9: 127,815,012-127,854,756, reverse strand) and Intron 2 from gene AP1G2 (Chr14: https://scispace.com/papers/saccades-attentional-orienting-and-disengagement-the-effects-1b74qcgsko 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-results-from-the-analyses-of-gap-overlap-saccadic-n5t92vlt.png Figure 2: Results from the analyses of Gap-Overlap saccadic reaction times (SRTs) and gap effect (GE). A-B: mean Gap-Overlap SRTs of the significant interactions; C= mean gap effect (GE). Error bars represent the standard error. FEF= frontal eye field; PPC= posterior parietal cortex; L= left; R= right; ***= p<001; **= p<.01; *= p<.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simulated-electric-field-v-m-for-posterior-parietal-2e3vk0o2.png Figure 1: Simulated electric field (V/m) for posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and frontal eye field (FEF) anodal tDCS. R= right hemisphere; L= left hemisphere. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlations-between-pre-stimulation-saccadic-3j7eu70y.png Table 1: Correlations between pre-stimulation saccadic reaction times (SRTs) and post-pre changes (SRTs) for posterior parietal cortex (PPC), frontal eye field (FEF), and sham stimulations https://scispace.com/papers/saddle-pressure-distributions-of-three-saddles-used-for-3l139phpda 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-maximum-pressure-pictures-mpp-for-the-three-saddles-3dq9svrc.png Fig. 2. Maximum pressure pictures (MPP) for the three saddles (SDres, dressage saddle; SIcel, Icelandic saddle; SCush, saddle cushion) at the walk (top line) and tölt (bottom) for one representative horse. The MPP depicts the peak pressure (Ppeak, kPa) observed during the standardised, averaged stride for each sensor cell. Superimposed is the COP stride mean position (black dot). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagrams-of-the-tree-and-panel-configurations-of-the-t83ghl6x.png Fig. 1. Diagrams of the tree and panel configurations of the three saddles used in the study. Red, head plate and tree; blue, panels. SDres: wooden spring tree, wool cushions, conventional three-strap girth (Edwards, 1963). SIcel: flexible synthetic tree, latex cushions, two-strap girth with anterior billet attached at the head plate. SCush: treeless, foam cushions, two billets attached at the sweat flap. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-group-means-standard-deviations-of-temporal-spatial-2j41zb7s.png Table 3 Group means (±standard deviations) of temporal, spatial and kinematic variables, including centre of pressure (COP) data, of 12 Icelandic horses ridden with three different saddles (SDres, dressage-style saddle; SIcel, Icelandic saddle; SCush, treeless saddle cushion) at tölt (mean ± standard deviation 3.43 ± 0.03 m/s). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-group-means-standard-deviations-of-loaded-area-amean-3tcy9z2y.png Table 1 Group means (±standard deviations) of loaded area (Amean), percentage of mean total force (Fmean), mean pressure (Pmean), maximal pressure (Pmax) and peak pressure (Ppeak) of three different saddles (SDres, dressage-style saddle, SIcel, Icelandic saddle and SCush, treeless saddle cushion) at walk (1.33 ± 0.01 m/s) and tölt (3.43 ± 0.03 m/s). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-group-means-standard-deviations-of-temporal-spatial-3rfxj5y4.png Table 2 Group means (±standard deviations) of temporal, spatial and kinematic variables, including centre of pressure (COP) data, of 12 Icelandic horses ridden with three different saddles (SDres, dressage-style saddle; SIcel, Icelandic saddle; SCush, treeless saddle cushion) at walk (mean ± standard deviation 1.33 ± 0.01 m/s). https://scispace.com/papers/sacral-neuromodulation-using-the-standardized-tined-lead-3t0mcrmj5w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-sensory-thresholds-of-different-electrode-1goi1uvh.png Table 3: Mean sensory thresholds of different electrode configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-outcome-2a6ae2x0.png Table 1: Outcome. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-sensory-passport-percentage-of-patients-that-have-38vy6k4n.png Table 5: Sensory passport: percentage of patients that have numbers of optimal electrode configurations – cumulative percent. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sensory-passport-percentage-of-the-possible-m2cwj5jj.png Table 4: Sensory passport: percentage of the possible electrode configurations considered optimal, suboptimal or bad. https://scispace.com/papers/sacrococcygeal-teratoma-in-an-adult-female-nigerian-5dabf90xix 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-preoperative-photograph-of-the-patient-hss8jhx2.png Figure 1. Preoperative photograph of the patient https://scispace.com/papers/safe-haven-flows-natural-interest-rates-and-secular-2ord2mo4iw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-37-real-and-natural-interest-rates-portugal-black-3r8sg5cl.png Figure 37: Real and Natural Interest Rates Portugal; black line = ex-ante real interest rate, red line = standard model, blue line = model including safe haven ows, green line = model including private safe haven ows, dashed lines +/- one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-36-real-and-natural-interest-rates-netherlands-black-3c07fr7g.png Figure 36: Real and Natural Interest Rates Netherlands; black line = ex-ante real interest rate, red line = standard model, blue line = model including safe haven ows, green line = model including private safe haven ows, dashed lines +/- one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-safe-haven-net-assets-luxembourg-billion-euro-blue-1ygv72jn.png Figure 10: Safe Haven Net Assets Luxembourg; billion Euro; blue line = safe haven net assets, green line = private safe haven net assets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-safe-haven-net-assets-italy-billion-euro-blue-line-10ngm80z.png Figure 9: Safe Haven Net Assets Italy; billion Euro; blue line = safe haven net assets, green line = private safe haven net assets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-real-and-natural-interest-rates-germany-black-line-1rxxc2nz.png Figure 28: Real and Natural Interest Rates Germany; black line = ex-ante real interest rate, red line = standard model, blue line = model including safe haven ows, green line = model including private safe haven ows, dashed lines +/- one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-29-real-and-natural-interest-rates-spain-black-line-kc3zw8z9.png Figure 29: Real and Natural Interest Rates Spain; black line = ex-ante real interest rate, red line = standard model, blue line = model including safe haven ows, green line = model including private safe haven ows, dashed lines +/- one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-ouput-gaps-germany-red-line-standard-model-blue-291x0c1v.png Figure 16: Ouput Gaps Germany; red line = standard model, blue line = model including safe haven ows, green line = model including private safe haven ows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-ouput-gaps-spain-red-line-standard-model-blue-line-2pdgmr2b.png Figure 17: Ouput Gaps Spain; red line = standard model, blue line = model including safe haven ows, green line = model including private safe haven ows. https://scispace.com/papers/safe-and-effective-fine-grained-tcp-retransmissions-for-4sedec4czh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-in-simulation-introducing-a-randomized-component-to-3poxyc7b.png Figure 8: In simulation, introducing a randomized component to the RTO desynchronizes retransmissions following timeouts and avoids goodput degradation for a large number of flows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-in-simulation-flows-experience-reduced-goodput-when-382p94gb.png Figure 6: In simulation, flows experience reduced goodput when retransmissions do not fire at the same granularity as RTTs. Fine-grained timers can observe suboptimal goodput for a large number of servers if retransmissions are tightly synchronized. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-some-flows-experience-repeated-retransmission-37ku3rku.png Figure 7: Some flows experience repeated retransmission failures due to synchronized retransmission behavior, delaying transmission far beyond when the link is idle. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-typical-round-trip-times-and-minimum-tcp-2skh8vi6.png Table 1: Typical round-trip-times and minimum TCP retransmission bounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tcp-incast-collapse-is-observed-for-a-synchronized-gvhrrxyh.png Figure 1: TCP incast collapse is observed for a synchronized reads application running on a 48-node cluster https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-on-a-16-node-cluster-our-high-resolution-tcp-timer-1jgx017z.png Figure 9: On a 16 node cluster, our high-resolution TCP timer modifications help eliminate incast collapse. The jiffy-based implementation has a 5ms lower bound on RTO, and achieves only 65% throughput. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-with-rtomin-eliminated-disabling-delayed-ack-on-2eqgf1la.png Figure 14: With RTOmin eliminated, disabling delayed ACK on client nodes provides optimal goodput in a 16-node cluster. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-throughput-distribution-for-short-and-long-rtt-spxwiyhb.png Figure 13: The throughput distribution for short and long RTT flows shows negligible difference across configurations. https://scispace.com/papers/safe-and-efficient-sharing-of-persistent-objects-in-thor-1fmgvxwavs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-cost-of-providing-safety-in-theta-oo9tme5p.png Figure 9: Cost of providing safety in Theta. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-elapsed-time-in-seconds-t1-traversal-medium-database-160h9iem.png Table 3: Elapsed Time (in seconds): T1 Traversal, Medium Database. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-elapsed-time-in-milliseconds-hot-t1-traversal-small-3vtripwv.png Table 1: Elapsed Time (in milliseconds): Hot T1 traversal, small database. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-elapsed-time-in-seconds-t6-traversal-medium-database-26i35piz.png Table 2: Elapsed Time (in seconds): T6 Traversal, Medium Database. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-cold-traversals-medium-database-2bcmi9zp.png Figure 10: Cold Traversals, Medium Database https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-veneer-class-declaration-for-c-20f532on.png Figure 3: A veneer class declaration for C++ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-part-of-the-type-definition-for-directory-xqkz5w4f.png Figure 2: Part of the type definition for directory https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hot-traversals-small-database-natd6164.png Figure 5: Hot Traversals, Small Database https://scispace.com/papers/safe-operating-area-of-snubberless-series-connected-silicon-1rf3z5dit7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-simulated-current-and-voltage-waveforms-of-series-3n6k9rje.png Fig. 8. The simulated current and voltage waveforms of series connected Si IGBTs during turn-OFF with 300 ns gate delay leading to avalanche breakdown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-hole-concentration-simulation-a-fast-igbt-b-slow-igbt-1h3o1cmg.png Fig. 10. Hole concentration simulation (a) fast IGBT (b) slow IGBT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-sic-trench-mosfet-model-rated-at-1200v-34ay0k42.png Fig. 11. SiC Trench MOSFET model rated at 1200V https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-internal-electric-field-simulation-a-fast-igbt-b-slow-mlhg8aj2.png Fig. 9. Internal Electric field simulation (a) fast IGBT (b) slow IGBT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-simulated-current-and-voltage-waveforms-of-series-jkwmib0c.png Fig. 12. The simulated current and voltage waveforms of series connected SiC MOSFETs during turn-OFF with 300 ns gate delay leading to avalanche breakdown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-internal-electric-field-a-fast-sic-mosfet-b-slow-sic-3cgh447g.png Fig. 13. Internal Electric Field (a) fast SiC MOSFET (b) slow SiC MOSFET https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-circuit-schematic-and-b-test-rig-setup-1-dc-power-2f0dp4ku.png Fig. 1. (a) Circuit schematic and (b) test rig setup: [1] DC Power Supply. [2] Test Chamber. [3] Function Generator. [4] Current probe Amplifier. [5] Oscilloscope. [6] and [7] Voltage probes. [8] Current Probe. [9] DC capacitor. [10] Inductor. [11] Clamped diode [12] and [13] DUTs. [14] and [15] Gate Drives. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-current-and-voltage-waveforms-of-series-connected-1bjymhzt.png Fig. 2. Current and Voltage waveforms of series connected silicon IGBTs during turn-OFF with (a) perfectly synchronized gates (b) 233ns gate delay pre-failure condition and (c) 240 ns gate delay leading to avalanche breakdown. https://scispace.com/papers/saferesynth-a-new-technique-for-physical-synthesis-3nc1bgtrdb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-several-distinct-physical-synthesis-techniques-1phbw7iv.png Figure 2: Several distinct physical synthesis techniques. Newly-introduced overlaps are removed by legalizers after the optimization phase has completed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-pruned-search-algorithm-31i0subv.png Figure 5: The pruned search algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-algorithm-for-function-get-potential-wires-xor-xnor-1oi2mdp5.png Figure 6: Algorithm for function get potential wires. XOR/XNOR is considered separately because the required signature can be calculated uniquely from wiret and wire1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-a-comparison-of-route-length-and-via-count-for-1ms549mt.png Table 7: A comparison of route length and via count for layouts with different percentage of whitespace. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-a-comparison-of-delay-improvement-using-sta-based-on-pomzfbag.png Table 8: A comparison of delay improvement using STA based on the star model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-physical-synthesis-techniques-in-terms-2hmu3g7d.png Table 1: Comparison of physical synthesis techniques in terms of physical safeness and optimization range. ∗Note: some of these techniques could be made safe but popular implementations use them in an unsafe fashion, allowing gate overlap. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-routed-delay-improvement-of-opencores-benchmarks-at-2pvjp9w6.png Table 9: Routed delay improvement of OpenCores benchmarks at 3% whitespace resynthesized using STAs based on the star model and the RSMT topology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-two-optimization-examples-one-critical-path-per-2b8ylcrz.png Figure 9: Two optimization examples, one critical path per plot. Delay calculations are at the 0.18µm technology node. In (a) the critical path is shortened. In (b) an alternative source to generate the same signal is found. Although the new path is longer, the delay is actually reduced. https://scispace.com/papers/safesu-an-extended-statistics-unit-for-multicore-timing-20ielawspe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-summary-of-microkernels-rcfjxni5.png TABLE II SUMMARY OF MICROKERNELS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-high-level-schematic-of-an-soc-3ugwe36p.png Fig. 1. High-level schematic of an SoC https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-registers-for-the-proposed-safesu-scn34e3a.png TABLE I SUMMARY OF REGISTERS FOR THE PROPOSED SAFESU. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-rdc-monitored-maximum-request-latency-in-different-1jszg5fd.png TABLE III RDC MONITORED MAXIMUM REQUEST LATENCY IN DIFFERENT MICROKERNELS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-interference-breakdown-in-the-4-core-sparcv8-soc-fu256zgz.png Fig. 2. Interference breakdown in the 4-core SparcV8 SoC. https://scispace.com/papers/safety-analysis-of-software-components-of-a-dialysis-machine-a4f68yrwbo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-fragment-of-the-control-table-3vd3xih4.png Fig. 1. A fragment of the control table https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-proving-the-dialysis-cycle-2glhcc2s.png Fig. 4. Proving the ‘dialysis cycle’ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-risk-log-in-development-rh23n8fa.png Fig. 2. Risk Log in development https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-counter-example-to-property-1-1oz1z61h.png Fig. 3. Counter-example to property 1 https://scispace.com/papers/safety-and-efficacy-of-md1003-high-dose-biotin-in-patients-y4gnoozeum 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-demographic-and-disease-characteristics-26g3e5h9.png Table 1: Baseline demographic and disease characteristics (Intention-to-Treat population) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-safety-teaes-serious-teaes-safety-population-9qeyn620.png Table 3: Safety – TEAEs, Serious TEAEs (Safety population) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-primary-and-secondary-endpoints-intention-to-treat-i5txohu8.png Table 2: Primary and secondary endpoints (Intention-to-Treat population) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-safety-mri-safety-population-3ewxbs1l.png Table 4: Safety – MRI (Safety population) https://scispace.com/papers/safety-and-efficacy-of-oral-low-volume-sodium-phosphate-1bz4mtql7a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-regional-and-total-colon-scores-3bp56erj.png Table 2: Mean regional and total colon scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-components-of-peg-and-nap-bowel-preparations-54-33cceg9c.png Table 1: Components of PEG and NaP bowel preparations................................................................... 54 Table 2: Mean regional and total colon scores......................................................................................... 55 Table 3: Least squares means with standard error for selected analytes.............................................. 56 Appendix 1: Safety study - least squares means for all biochemical analytes evaluated, body weight, and body temperature................................................................................................................................ 57 Appendix 2: Serum calcium and phosphorus values at 0, 2, and 5 hours after administration of NaP2 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 59 Appendix 3: Volume of water consumed by each dog during bowel preparation ................................ 60 A. Safety ............................................................................................................................................. 60 B. Efficacy.......................................................................................................................................... 60 Appendix 4: Endoscopic images demonstrating bowel cleansing scoring system................................. 61 A. Score 1 ........................................................................................................................................... 61 B. Score 2 ........................................................................................................................................... 61 C. Score 3 ........................................................................................................................................... 62 D. Score 4 ........................................................................................................................................... 62 Appendix 5: Regional and Total Colon Scores ........................................................................................ 63 A. Safety ............................................................................................................................................. 63 B. Efficacy .......................................................................................................................................... 64 Appendix 6: Time to complete endoscopy, Volume of water instilled and suctioned during endoscopy, Occurrence of vomiting and regurgitation ........................................................................... 65 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-components-of-peg-and-nap-bowel-preparations-36u27bzy.png Table 1: Components of PEG and NaP bowel preparations................................................................... 54 Table 2: Mean regional and total colon scores......................................................................................... 55 Table 3: Least squares means with standard error for selected analytes.............................................. 56 Appendix 1: Safety study - least squares means for all biochemical analytes evaluated, body weight, and body temperature................................................................................................................................ 57 Appendix 2: Serum calcium and phosphorus values at 0, 2, and 5 hours after administration of NaP2 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 59 Appendix 3: Volume of water consumed by each dog during bowel preparation ................................ 60 A. Safety ............................................................................................................................................. 60 B. Efficacy.......................................................................................................................................... 60 Appendix 4: Endoscopic images demonstrating bowel cleansing scoring system................................. 61 A. Score 1 ........................................................................................................................................... 61 B. Score 2 ........................................................................................................................................... 61 C. Score 3 ........................................................................................................................................... 62 D. Score 4 ........................................................................................................................................... 62 Appendix 5: Regional and Total Colon Scores ........................................................................................ 63 A. Safety ............................................................................................................................................. 63 B. Efficacy .......................................................................................................................................... 64 Appendix 6: Time to complete endoscopy, Volume of water instilled and suctioned during endoscopy, Occurrence of vomiting and regurgitation ........................................................................... 65 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-least-squares-means-with-standard-error-for-selected-1ezu8ejw.png Table 3: Least squares means with standard error for selected analytes https://scispace.com/papers/safety-climate-in-organizations-40fuwci8ve 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-review-structure-safety-climate-individual-2ihzn8oy.png Figure 1 Review structure: safety climate, individual processes, and organizational outcomes https://scispace.com/papers/safety-first-portfolio-selection-2ebo7e4frh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-for-the-average-return-0-1z-presents-graphs-of-1cj5v3xc.png Figure 2 for the average return 0.1z = presents graphs of exact probability function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-for-the-average-return-0-15z-presents-an-effective-2dx1ll2t.png Figure 1 for the average return 0.15z = presents an effective boundary https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2hjaipg6.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/safety-instrumented-system-reliability-evaluation-with-3bgrjadtf0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-average-percentage-of-error-with-the-real-failure-35mjf0st.png Figure 9. Average percentage of error with the real failure rates, according to the number of times to failure observed per valve (quantity of feedback data) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fundamental-assumptions-of-the-proposed-model-109cvwep.png Figure 2. Fundamental assumptions of the proposed model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-of-checklist-for-influencing-factors-2qevq6bm.png Table 1. Sample of checklist for influencing factors selection ______________________________________________ Category Influencing factors ______________________________________________ Design System type https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-reliability-influencing-diagram-for-safety-pressure-266rxcev.png Figure 4. Reliability influencing diagram for safety pressure relief valves example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-influencing-function-cj-ij-17z8elxx.png Figure 3. Example of influencing function Cj(Ij) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-influencing-factors-and-the-reliability-3n050r0z.png Figure 1. The influencing factors and the reliability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-indicator-functions-for-sizes-influencing-factor-1iy8hfav.png Figure 5. Indicator functions for sizes influencing factor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-results-of-failure-rate-evaluations-using-3-times-13n5dz6v.png Figure 8. Results of failure rate evaluations using 3 times to failure observed per valve (logarithm scale) https://scispace.com/papers/safety-level-of-damaged-ropax-ships-risk-modelling-and-cost-39oowcyg0u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-generic-flooding-event-tree-nnif01iy.png Fig. 5: Generic Flooding Event Tree https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-societal-risk-associated-with-flooding-related-2zl0ne22.png Fig. 8: Societal Risk Associated with Flooding-Related Outcomes – RCO2b (collision, grounding, impact and flooding accident categories included) https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-unit-cost-data-3pdde8o8.png Table 11: Unit Cost Data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-gcaf-sensitivity-to-attained-index-a-and-cost-v9f25dfb.png Fig. 9: GCAF sensitivity to Attained index A and cost implications RCO2a: measures improving damage stability (“stay afloat”) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-generic-impact-event-tree-iumwrlag.png Fig. 4: Generic Impact Event Tree https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-impact-of-rco2a-index-a-0-90-case-on-the-risk-model-4a5gl9v1.png Table 3: Impact of RCO2a (Index A=0.90 Case) on the Risk Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-risk-calculations-risk-model-3o8oe72i.png Table 2: Summary Risk Calculations (Risk Model) https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-reference-cost-earning-profile-for-the-calculation-3f7b7x7r.png Table 12: Reference Cost / Earning Profile for the Calculation of Marginal Costs https://scispace.com/papers/safety-of-hexaminolevulinate-for-blue-light-cystoscopy-in-3xsydei3v3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-overview-of-aes-experienced-in-the-6-controlled-3nghj3dw.png Table 3: Overview of AEs experienced in the 6 controlled studies (safety set) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-most-frequent-aes-by-severity-in-group-1-3ufy73mb.png Table 4. Summary of most frequent AEs by severity in group 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-most-frequent-aes-in-group-2-1noh1ppn.png Table 5 Summary of most frequent AEs in group 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bladder-symptoms-at-study-entry-in-the-safety-set-2amtsvz0.png Table 1: Bladder symptoms at study entry in the safety set, when recorded. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-hal-mean-retention-times-2uv6rp5f.png Table 6: HAL mean retention times https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-safety-evaluations-performed-per-study-vdmqi06w.png Table 2. Safety evaluations performed per study https://scispace.com/papers/safety-tests-on-irradiated-agr-1-compacts-3-3-2-3-2-2-and-6-2rysaavz6q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cumulative-fission-product-release-from-compact-6-2-fcij14ha.png Table 3. Cumulative fission product release from Compact 6-2-1 safety test https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cumulative-fission-product-release-from-compact-3-2-5j4cpl4k.png Table 2. Cumulative fission product release from Compact 3-2-2 safety test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-release-of-fission-products-from-compact-3-2-2-wf8wn8fe.png Figure 4. Release of fission products from Compact 3-2-2 during safety testing to 1600°C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-release-of-fission-products-from-compact-6-2-1-2c96qwqd.png Figure 5. Release of fission products from Compact 6-2-1 during safety testing to 1600°C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-release-of-fission-products-from-compact-3-3-2-35tmbdao.png Figure 1. Release of fission products from Compact 3-3-2 during safety testing to 1600°C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cumulative-fission-product-release-from-compact-3-3-904m2ius.png Table 1. Cumulative fission product release from Compact 3-3-2 safety test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-x-ray-tomographs-through-parallel-planes-close-3mluasov.png Figure 2. Two x-ray tomographs through parallel planes close to the center of the abnormal particle from AGR-1 Compact 3-3-2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-silver-release-during-agr-1-compact-3-3-2-heating-yn7cc3lq.png Figure 3. Silver release during AGR-1 Compact 3-3-2 heating test. https://scispace.com/papers/sagittal-subtalar-and-talocrural-joint-assessment-between-1l5e1ob8yl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-talocrural-left-and-subtalar-right-plantar-3le21bdc.png Figure 3. Talocrural (left) and Subtalar (right) plantar/dorsiflexion angles during stance. The black solid line and grey band represents the mean and standard deviation of all thirteen subjects walking barefoot. The red solid line and light red band represents the mean and standard deviation of all thirteen subjects walking in the athletic walking shoes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-system-configuration-showing-the-walkway-emitter-b8dgo5cj.png Figure 2. System configuration showing the walkway, emitter (far side), and image intensifier (nearside). Also shown is typical foot placement during image collection. Reprinted from McHenry et al. Foot Ankle Int. 2017 Nov;38(11):1260-1266. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-athletic-walking-shoe-top-static-x-ray-in-athletic-1apn1mjm.png Figure 1. Athletic walking shoe (top). Static x-ray in athletic walking shoe (bottom). https://scispace.com/papers/safety-of-stochastic-hybrid-systems-based-on-discrete-4xhkfu80f4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-room-heater-benchmark-safe-states-for-q-110-t-v8w6jymp.png Fig. 2. Room heater benchmark safe states for q = [110]T https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-automaton-1wb83p6r.png Fig. 1. Automaton https://scispace.com/papers/sahara-guiding-the-debugging-of-failed-software-upgrades-1ppasgv4mn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-3ogii9i3.png Fig. 1. Example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overview-of-sahara-ylrhv5zy.png Fig. 2. Overview of Sahara. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-execution-log-of-two-versions-rqmaimi1.png Fig. 4. Execution log of two versions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-def-use-chain-suspect-variables-and-routines-for-our-38gv0csz.png Fig. 3. Def-use chain, suspect variables and routines for our simple example. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-openssh-bug-results-sers-suspect-environment-2cey9m22.png TABLE I OPENSSH BUG RESULTS. SERS = SUSPECT ENVIRONMENT RESOURCES; SRS = SUSPECTROUTINES; DRS = DEVIATEDROUTINES; PSRS = PRIME SUSPECT ROUTINES. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-impact-of-profiles-with-failure-inducing-settings-2eh0h8kn.png TABLE II IMPACT OF #PROFILES WITH FAILURE-INDUCING SETTINGS. SERS = SUSPECT ENVIRONMENT RESOURCES; SRS = SUSPECTROUTINES; DRS = DEVIATEDROUTINES; PSRS = PRIME SUSPECT ROUTINES. https://scispace.com/papers/sagnac-interferometry-using-bright-matter-wave-solitons-dnpg37oia4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-stages-of-sagnac-interferometry-an-39s7u24b.png FIG. 1 (color online). Stages of Sagnac interferometry. An incoming soliton splits at time Ts on a barrier into two solitons of equal amplitude and opposite velocity. After circumnavigating the ring trap, at time Tc the solitons recombine either at the same barrier (a), or a second barrier (b) antipodal to the first, illustrated in both cases with angular rotation Ω ¼ 1.875 × 10−3, and ring circumference L ¼ 40π. The resulting phase difference, incorporating the Sagnac phase due to the rotating reference frame, is read out via the population difference in the final output products within the positive (shaded) and negative domains. (c) Final population in the positive domain Iþ as a function of Ω, with L ¼ 40π and initial soliton velocity v ¼ 4. The sensitivity of the single barrier case (dashed line) is twice that of the double barrier case (solid line) because the interrogation time Tc − Ts is doubled. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-results-of-monte-carlo-simulations-used-3o14dzom.png FIG. 3 (color online). Results of Monte Carlo simulations used to model effects of quantum uncertainty for a range of v0, N, and Ω. (a)–(d)(i) Scatter plot of the solitons’ collisional velocity vb for ensembles of individual simulations. In (d)(i), the higher gradient of the curves through the points implies the detected transmission Iþ is less sensitive to quantum fluctuations. (a)–(d)(ii) Sample distributions of the simulation outcomes. For each N; v0 pair we explored Ω × 103 ¼ 0, 6.25, 12.50, 18.75, 25, corresponding to Sagnac phases of δS ¼ 0ðþÞ, π=2ð∘Þ, πð▵Þ, 3π=2ð□Þ, 2πð×Þ, respectively. The simulations were carried out in a two barrier system, with L ¼ 40π (hence the v0 values correspond to dimensionless angular velocities ω ¼ 0.05, 0.1). The Iþ peak locations are consistent with the GPE-predicted nonlinear skew for these velocities [18] (see also Fig. 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-numerically-calculated-transmission-into-1ipt6ct8.png FIG. 2 (color online). Numerically calculated transmission into the positive domain after the second collision Iþ, for the two Sagnac interferometry geometries shown in Fig. 1. Color maps for the (b) two barrier and (d) single barrier cases show the 0.16 < v < 4, 0 < Ω × 103 < 2.5 parameter space. Panels (a) and (c) show specific curves of constant v for these scenarios [for v ¼ 0.52 (dashed-dotted line), v ¼ 1 (dashed line), and v ¼ 4 (solid line)], and highlight how the different interrogation times result in a different Sagnac phase accumulation. The phase difference is varied by varying Ω while keeping L ¼ 40π [hence the v ranged over in panels (b) and (d) correspond to dimensionless angular velocities of between ω ¼ 0.008 and ω ¼ 0.2]. https://scispace.com/papers/salamander-like-tail-regeneration-in-the-west-african-2nbn7nagbc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-upregulated-genes-and-overrepresented-pathways-in-256odu6c.png Figure 3. Upregulated genes and overrepresented pathways in lungfish tail blastema relative to uninjured tail. (a) Volcano plot showing differentially expressed genes in lungfish uninjured tail tissue and 14 dpa tail blastema (FDR < 0.05, FC > 2), Selected lungfish orthologs up or downregulated in the blastema are noted as black dots. (b) Pathways overrepresented in the tail blastema. (c) heatmap denoting subset of upregulated genes. (d) in situ hybridization of genes upregulated in the blastema (e) Area-proportional Venn diagram showing commonly upregulated genes in lungfish tail and pectoral fin datasets, enriched pathways in the shared tail and pectoral fin dataset, and pathways enriched exclusively on tail blastema. (f) Transposon-derived genes upregulated in the tail blastema. Scale bars of 1 mm (panoramic views) and 0.25 mm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hypothesis-for-the-evolution-of-tail-regeneration-3m4953bc.png Figure 4. Hypothesis for the evolution of tail regeneration in sarcopterygians. Regeneration-incompetent lineages are shown in black, lineages with one or more regeneration-competent species are shown green, orange denotes de novo appearance of tail regeneration in Lepidosauria; green arrowhead indicates earliest occurrence of tail regeneration, black arrowhead indicates earliest loss, and orange arrowhead, reemergence. Cross signifies extinct taxon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-morphological-characterization-of-tail-regeneration-10rht8ts.png Figure 1. Morphological characterization of tail regeneration in the West African lungfish. (a) shows the progression of lungfish tail regeneration and the extent of growth up to 56 dpa. Vertical bars in the graph represent standard deviation. (b) histological sections of regenerating lungfish tail. (c) regeneration of skeletal elements of the tail at 60 dpa. (d) BrdU staining of proliferative cells during tail regeneration. we, wound epithelium; aec, apical epithelial cap; bl, blastema; et, ependymal tube; ptc.c, postcaudal cartilage; ns, neural spine; na, neural arch; hs, haemal spine; ha, haemal arch. Scale bars of 1 cm (a), 1 mm (b,d), 0.5 cm (c). https://scispace.com/papers/salero-semantic-audiovisual-entertainment-reusable-objects-22aydygsna 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-audio-transformation-authoring-tools-19qineqx.png Figure 4 – Audio Transformation Authoring Tools https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-triage-trainer-application-1u4y4du3.png Figure 5 – The Triage Trainer application https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-salero-workflow-35hozfnd.png Figure 1 – SALERO Workflow https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-scene-from-turing-machine-opera-with-merja-1nxte3xd.png Figure 6 – Scene from Turing Machine Opera with Merja Nieminen’s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-i-vj-presenting-the-different-services-of-the-31wlnxqc.png Figure 8 – i-VJ presenting the different services of the application https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-screenshot-from-mytinyplanets-co-uk-177fleip.png Figure 7 – Screenshot from MyTinyPlanets.co.uk https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bones-dailies-user-interface-for-image-manipulation-em20o3vt.png Figure 3 – Bones Dailies User interface for image manipulation and timeline processing https://scispace.com/papers/salience-in-the-generation-of-multimodal-referring-acts-2hmc6mc5io 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-domain-with-several-triangles-the-set-of-1p9zxhnj.png Figure 2: A domain with several triangles. The set of triangles enclosed by the box is the salience property Sr for r https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-bar-chart-depicting-for-each-object-in-some-1kw08nlr.png Figure 1: A bar chart depicting for each object in some domain U the corresponding salience value. The target is represented by a black bar and the other members of the salience property Sr are distinguished by their grey colour. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-how-salience-values-change-as-a-result-2tmzh6fs.png Figure 4: Example of how salience values change as a result of pointing and reference. v, i and r stand for the three dimensions of salience: the pointing, implied spatial and verbal reference salience dimension. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-a-domain-two-targets-r-and-r-are-marked-2riywjw5.png Figure 3: Example of a domain; two targets, r and r′, are marked together with their respective salience properties, Sr and Sr′ https://scispace.com/papers/salicylic-acid-induced-cysteine-protease-activity-during-5gilg17nea 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-loss-of-plasma-membrane-integrity-in-tomato-leaves-2fr9urc3.png Fig. 1. The loss of plasma membrane integrity in tomato leaves and roots was determined by electrolyte leakage (EL) induced by 0.1 mM (B) and 1 mM (C) SA applied for 24 hours. Means ± SE, n = 3. Bars with different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 level (Duncan’s multiple range test). The tests were performed separately for leaf and root samples and are indicated by capitals (leaf) and by lowercase letters (root), respectively https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relative-transcript-levels-of-slbi-1-slpi2-slltc-genes-29f3q9u7.png Fig. 4. Relative transcript levels of SlBI-1, SlPI2, SlLTC genes induced by 0.1 mM (A, C, E) and 1 mM (B, D, F) SA in tomato leaves and roots. Data were normalized to their respective controls. Means ± SE, n = 3. Bars with different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 level (Duncan’s multiple range test). The tests were performed separately for leaf and root samples and are indicated by capitals (leaf) and by lowercase letters (root), respectively https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primer-pairs-used-for-qrt-pcr-ajl1od0b.png Table 1 Primer pairs used for qRT-PCR https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relative-transcript-levels-of-cysteine-protease-genes-vmt2i6bk.png Fig. 3. Relative transcript levels of cysteine protease genes (SlCYP1, SlMCA1, SlVPE1) induced by 0.1 mM (A, C, E) and 1 mM (B, D, F) SA in tomato leaves and roots. Data were normalized to their respective controls. Means ± SE, n = 3. Bars with different letters are significantly different at 0.05 level (Duncan’s multiple range test; ns: not significant). The tests were performed separately for leaf and root samples and are indicated by capitals (leaf) and by lowercase letters (root), respectively https://scispace.com/papers/saliency-integration-an-arbitrator-model-1se2xnjxq3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-mean-f-measure-of-the-top-saliency-model-average-1qv19wa0.png TABLE III: Mean F-measure of the top saliency model, average saliency maps, BN, M-estimator (M-est), MCA model, and AM model with a combination of MB [46], BSCA [19], RC [14], GBVS [5], COV [29] and FT [9] models on four datasets including ECSSD [69], ASD [9], ImgSal [74] and DUT-OMRON [66]. The highest F-measure of the candidate saliency models https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-examples-where-saliency-maps-from-the-state-of-the-art-6wih1z6a.png Fig. 1: Examples where saliency maps from the state-of-the-art deep model show inferior predictions to the traditional models. From left to right there are original images, ground truth (GT), traditional saliency models e.g., MB+ [46] and GP [45], deep saliency model e.g., DHSNet [44], naive integration approach e.g., average map (AVE), and our proposed arbitrator model (AMS-Bound and AML-Bound). Examples are selected from the ECSSD dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-mean-f-measure-of-the-average-saliency-maps-ave-the-1c51zj1r.png TABLE II: Mean F-measure of the average saliency maps (AVE), the resulted BN, M-estimator (M-est), and MCA saliency maps and the resulted AMS and AML saliency maps. The subscripts “B”, “C” and “D” represent the boundary-based reference map, contour-based reference map and deep-network-based reference map respectively. The first column shows the combination strategy, and for every combination the highest F-measure of the candidate saliency models are displayed in the “Top” column. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-mean-f-measure-of-saliency-integration-by-using-am-1ecinn6p.png TABLE VI: Mean F-measure of saliency integration by using AM model as framework with only continuous saliency maps, only binary maps, and both continuous and binary maps for integration. The candidate saliency models are DRFI, GP, LR, MB+, TLLT and UFO on ECSSD dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-examples-of-misleading-caused-by-misjudgement-from-1gzjn09l.png Fig. 2: Examples of misleading caused by misjudgement from candidate saliency models. From left to right columns are original images, ground truth (GT), candidate saliency models including CA [50], IT [4], IS [31], average map (AVE), integrated maps of BN [41], M-estimator [37], MCA [19], and our proposed arbitrator model (AML-Bound). The red rectangles on GT indicate the misjudged regions by the candidate saliency models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-mean-f-measure-of-saliency-integration-results-of-1ziy2roo.png TABLE V: Mean F-measure of saliency integration results of the AML model by involving different external knowledge. The first row (“Reference”) and the second row (“Candidate”) refer to the F-measure by incorporating the external knowledge as the reference map and as one of the candidate maps to be aggregated, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-mean-f-measure-of-saliency-integration-framework-1ko5u8y3.png TABLE IV: Mean F-measure of saliency integration framework incorporating various combination of the proposed components by AM model. The letter “L” refers to the latentvariable-based expertise and “S” means the statistics-based expertise. “Ref-B” means that we test the boundary-based reference map. “ √ ” and “×” indicate whether the component is incorporated into CA or not. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-examples-of-the-results-of-combined-saliency-models-8og5rorw.png Fig. 7: Examples of the results of combined saliency models, average saliency maps (AVE), BN, M-estimator (M-est), MCA, AMS and AML. The images with ground truth (GT) are sequentially from ECSSD, ASD, ImgSal, and DUT-OMRON datasets. https://scispace.com/papers/saliency-in-vr-how-do-people-explore-virtual-environments-29xdxotzhs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-saliency-prediction-using-different-28l3r0nh.png Fig. 8. Comparison of saliency prediction using different projections from sphere to plane. After applying the equator bias, all three projection methods result in comparable saliency maps for this example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-saliency-prediction-for-omni-directional-stereo-3g8ux3xh.png Fig. 7. Saliency prediction for omni-directional stereo panoramas. Existing saliency predictors can be applied to spherical panoramas after they are projected onto a plane, here performed with the patch-based method described in the text. These methods tend to over-predict saliency near the poles. By multiplying the predicted saliency map by the longitudinal equator bias (EB) derived in the previous section, we achieve a good match between ground truth (center left) and predicted saliency (right). Note that this procedure could be applied to any saliency predictor; we chose two top-scoring predictors as an example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-time-dependent-saliency-prediction-by-uncovering-the-2700f2lv.png Fig. 9. Time-dependent saliency prediction by uncovering the converged saliency map with the average exploration speed determined in Section 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-automatic-panorama-video-synopsis-saliency-prediction-32hjzc94.png Fig. 12. Automatic panorama video synopsis. Saliency prediction in VR videos can be used to create a short, stop-motion-like animation that summarizes the video. For this application, we predict saliency of each frame, extract a panorama thumbnail from one of the first video frames, and then search every Nth frame for the window with highest saliency within a certain neighborhood of the last window. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-automatic-alignment-of-cuts-in-vr-video-to-align-two-3qfn5d21.png Fig. 10. Automatic alignment of cuts in VR video. To align two video segments, we can maximize the correlation between the saliency maps of the last frame in the first segment and the first frame of the second one. The cross-correlation accounting for all horizontal shifts is shown on top of this example, which has been automatically aligned with the proposed algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-roc-curve-of-human-performance-averaged-across-1m93gf37.png Fig. 2. Left: ROC curve of human performance averaged across users (magenta) and individual ROCs for each scene (light gray). The fast convergence to the maximum is indicative of a strong agreement between users. Right: Exploration time computed as the average time until a specific longitudinal offset from the starting point is reached. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-saliency-aware-panorama-compression-top-left-original-3pp73uzs.png Fig. 13. Saliency-aware panorama compression. Top left: original, highresolution region of the input panorama. Inset shows the compression map based on saliency information, where green indicates more salient regions. Right: Close-ups showing the differences between saliencyaware compression and conventional downsampling. Note that salient regions retain a better quality in our compression, while non-salient regions get more degraded. Bottom left: Preference counts for the ten scenes displayed during the user study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-saliency-maps-presenting-the-lowest-left-and-highest-32fzyl0j.png Fig. 4. Saliency maps presenting the lowest (left) and highest (right) entropy in our dataset. Saliency maps with low entropy have very defined salient regions while in maps with high entropy fixations are scattered all over the scene. https://scispace.com/papers/salinas-theory-manual-349wqsna1t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fast-modal-frequency-response-algorithm-1gmobt2r.png Figure 4. Fast Modal Frequency Response Algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-node-constrained-directly-to-beam-2x5k2gby.png Figure 13. Node Constrained Directly to Beam. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-eigenvalue-and-eigenvector-corrections-of-craig-1co6khq3.png Figure 6. Eigenvalue and Eigenvector corrections of Craig-Bampton reduced models https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-potential-basis-functions-for-subdomain-reduction-u2t8xw28.png Table 2. Potential Basis Functions for Subdomain Reduction https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sources-of-damping-in-the-solution-3fsmihjq.png Table 1. Sources of Damping in the Solution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-original-and-rotated-coordinate-frames-3rlsqjy2.png Figure 11. Original, and rotated coordinate frames https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hex20-gauss-point-locations-the-constant-a-0-2ffh7j2b.png Table 3. Hex20 Gauss Point Locations. The constant A=0.77459666924148. The unit element is 2x2x2, with a volume of 8 cubic units. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-deflections-at-node-2-37pa4q44.png Table 4. Comparison of deflections at Node 2 https://scispace.com/papers/salinity-effects-on-the-first-larval-stage-of-the-invasive-2cik5b2f13 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-survival-rate-of-newly-hatched-hemigrapsus-takanoi-2u34m8qm.png Fig. 1. Survival rate of newly hatched Hemigrapsus takanoi larvae (mean ± SD) at different incubation times and salinities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-windrose-function-to-plot-swimming-speed-direction-2kyvua8u.png Fig. 4. WindRose function to plot swimming speed/direction frequencies for each salinity level and food condition. Swimming speeds are split into four intervals shown by the scale in the panel. The grey circles show the % frequencies increasing every 5%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-three-way-permanova-testing-for-effects-s90hvkz4.png Table 2 Results of three-way PERMANOVA testing for effects of salinity, food and swimming direction on the swimming speed of Hemigrapsus takanoi larvae. Significant p values in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-kernel-density-plots-of-instantaneous-swimming-speed-1ba8sj44.png Fig. 3. Kernel density plots of instantaneous swimming speed at different levels of salinity and food availability extracted from video clips. The data extracted from upward and downwards trajectories are highlighted in black and grey, respectively. The mean swimming speed is denoted by black and grey circles for reference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representative-larval-swimming-trajectories-of-3vx5yzl0.png Fig. 2. Representative larval swimming trajectories of Hemigrapsus takanoi larvae under different levels of salinity and food availability extracted from video clips. The instantaneous swimming speed (mm s− 1) of each frame is represented in the greyscale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-passive-sinking-rate-and-mean-instantaneous-swimming-13w83np1.png Table 1 Passive sinking rate and mean instantaneous swimming speeds (mm s− 1 ± SD) at different salinity conditions and presence/absence of food. The mean instantaneous swimming speeds for each food treatment is shown for the upward and downward movements. https://scispace.com/papers/salinity-tolerance-of-riverine-microinvertebrates-from-the-1ycnx5jr46 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-effect-of-salinity-on-epiphanes-macrourus-1r9b5dux.png Fig. 3. The effect of salinity on Epiphanes macrourus population growth (r) after 5 days, values plotted are mean and 95% CI. Treatments labelled with the same letter are not statistically different at the 0.05 level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-species-sensitivity-distribution-ssd-a-kaplan-meier-kpnftsuk.png Fig. 1. Species sensitivity distribution (SSD). (a) Kaplan-Meier function of 72h LC50 values for all microinvertebrates tested. (b) Kaplan-Meier functions of 72h LC50 values for crustacean and noncrustacean microinvertebrates tested. (c) Weibull probability plot of non-censored 72-h LC50 values. Censored marks indicate the presence of species with censored LC50 values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-lethal-salinity-ec-ms-cm-1-for-acute-c2p6mkdf.png Table 2. Summary of lethal salinity (EC mS cm-1) for acute tests conducted at 20oC. Where NC = not calculated (due to poor survivorship in control/low salinity treatments), WLW = wet lab water and RW = river water. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-effect-of-temperature-on-acute-salinity-toxicity-3u9f8811.png Fig. 2. The effect of temperature on acute salinity toxicity, where O=10oC, =12 oC, =20 oC, =26 oC and =30 oC. (a) Survival of Epiphanes macrourus after 96 hours. (b) Survival of Simocephalus sp. after 48 hours. (c) Tentacle contraction of Hydra viridissima after 96 hours of exposure (where all individuals are dead values are not plotted). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sub-lethal-effect-of-salinity-on-simocephalus-sp-after-l4tizf5f.png Fig. 6. Sub-lethal effect of salinity on Simocephalus sp. after 16 days, where O= river water (RW) and = wet lab water (WLW) based treatments. (a) Size of individual. Regression line is calculated excluding data from WLW prepared media. (b) Total number of neonates produced by each individual which survived 16 days. Regression lines are calculated using all data with the solid line being quadratic and the dashed line cubic. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-methods-used-in-experiments-investigating-1o48nc9w.png Table 3. Summary of methods used in experiments investigating sub-lethal effects of salinity. Where r = per capita rate of population increase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effect-of-salinity-on-tentacle-contraction-of-hydra-27ajwhl8.png Fig. 7. Effect of salinity on tentacle contraction of Hydra viridissima after various periods of exposure, where O=1 h, = 24 h, =48 h, =72 h and =96 h. Note where all individuals are dead values are not plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-information-on-taxa-investigated-collection-sites-3c5ywzmz.png Table 1. Information on taxa investigated. Collection sites are: Broken River @ Bridge Cr Rd (37o 13'S 146o 17'E), Campaspe River @ Kyneton-Heathcote Rd (37o 23'S 144o 31'E), Goulbourn River @ Gardiners Rd (37o 20'S 145o 18'E), King Parrot Creek @ Flowerdale (Goulbourn Catchment) (37o 23'S 145o 16'E), Loddon River @ Pyrenees Hwy (37o 07'S 144o 05'E) and Sundays Creek @ Deckerys Rd (Goulbourn Catchment) (37o 10'S 145o 06'E). Culture = commercial laboratory culture. https://scispace.com/papers/salivary-proteins-of-a-gall-inducing-aphid-and-their-impact-1ucg29pi8i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-gene-ontology-treemap-for-the-salivary-transcriptome-26c872ee.png Fig. 1. Gene Ontology treemap for the salivary transcriptome of Phloeomyzus passerinii. The box size correlates to the number of sequences isolated. Numbers between brackets indicate the number of sequences identified. Green boxes indicate binding proteins, purple boxes indicate enzymes, red boxes indicate structural constituents, the blue box indicates transporters and the brown box molecular transducers. The treemap was created with the treemap() function in R. A Detailed list of the proteins can be found in the table S4. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-representative-gus-assays-of-transgenic-seedlings-of-2dseb7nz.png Fig. 8. Representative GUS assays of transgenic seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana pARR16: GUS, showing whole plants (A, C, E, G, I and K), and root tips (B, D, F, H, J and L), after 4 h of incubation in 20 μM of BAP (A and B), TE/Tween buffer (C and D), and 1 and 10 μg of salivary proteins of Phloeomyzus passerinii (E, F, I and J) or Myzus persicae (G, H, K and L). Black bars represent 1 mm for whole plants (A, C, E, G, I and K) and 10 μm for root (B, D, F, H, J and L). Five seedlings were used for each modality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-heatmap-of-log2-fold-changes-of-43-poplar-genes-qjji4svf.png Fig. 3. Heatmap of log2-fold changes of 43 poplar genes belonging to eight different physiological processes or metabolic pathways (lower left box), after incubation of poplar protoplasts of two poplar genotypes (Koster and I-214) with salivary proteins of two aphids (Myzus persicae (M. pers.) and Phloeomyzus passerinii (P. pass.)). Non-host species interactions are expected between both poplar genotypes and M. persicae. Poplar is a host plant for P. passerinii but Koster is a resistant genotype while I-214 is a susceptible genotype. Downregulation appears in blue and upregulation in red. Gene code is presented below the heatmap, modalities (i.e. aphid x poplar genotype combinations are presented on the right of the heatmap). Hierarchical clustering was built with distances based on Pearson correlations. Approximately unbiased p-values (%) are indicated for the hierarchical clustering of modalities, red boxes indicate significant clusters at α = 0.05. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representative-salivary-sheaths-secreted-in-artificial-2yho45fk.png Fig. 2. Representative salivary sheaths secreted in artificial diets by Phloeomyzus passerinii. Sheaths stained and observed after 24 h probing in an agarose diet: (A) sheath stained with Coomassie blue; (B) black stained sheaths in diet containing 0.1 % DOPA, indicating a phenoloxidase activity, note the dark halo surrounding the upper sheath; (C) reddish stained sheath in diet immersed with 0.1 % DAB and 0.1 % H2O2, indicating a peroxidase activity. Black bars represent 10 μm. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-representative-gus-assays-of-transgenic-seedlings-of-1msh38s6.png Fig. 7. Representative GUS assays of transgenic seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana pIAA2: GUS, showing whole plants (A, C, E, G, I and K), and root tips (B, D, F, H, J and L), after 3 h of incubation in 20 μM of IAA (A and B), TE/Tween buffer (C and D), and 1 and 10 μg of salivary proteins of Phloeomyzus passerinii (E, F, I and J) or Myzus persicae (G, H, K and L). Black bars represent 1 mm for whole plants (A, C, E, G, I and K) and 10 μm for root tips (B, D, F, H, J and L). Five seedlings were used for each modality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-graphical-summary-of-effects-of-salivary-extracts-of-2cqu3jdr.png Fig. 9. Graphical summary of effects of salivary extracts of Phloeomyzus passerinii on gene expression in auxin and cytokinin pathways during a compatible interaction based on observations with in vivo RT-qPCR assays with protoplasts (bold green) and heterologous in planta assay (bold orange). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mean-se-log2-fold-changes-of-genes-involved-in-2p9916sj.png Fig. 6. Mean (± SE) log2-fold changes of genes involved in celldivision cycle of poplar protoplasts collected from two poplar genotypes (I-214 and Koster), after incubation with salivary proteins of two aphids (Myzus persicae and Phloeomyzus passerinii), resulting in resistant or susceptible interactions with a host species or non-host species interactions. Stars indicate modalities for which a significant upregulation or downregulation of gene expression vs. controls was observed, using ΔCt values (t-test). ** and * indicate a significant effect with P< 0.01 and P<0.05, respectively. Different letters indicate significantly different groups (Tukey test) of log2-fold changes among modalities, for each gene. https://scispace.com/papers/salmon-and-sea-trout-spawning-migration-in-the-river-tweed-50hhlrh3w4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-study-area-565-vo8ndjmg.png Fig. 1: Map of the study area. 565 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-map-of-the-end-destination-for-sea-trout-and-salmon-in-2irrepoh.png Fig. 2: Map of the end destination for sea trout and salmon in 2010 and 2011, including the 567 proportion of each run last detected in each area. 568 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-movement-rates-of-sea-trout-and-salmon-moving-264p0qy7.png Table 3: The movement rates of sea trout and salmon moving through each reach of the Tweed 592 catchment in 2010-2011. Table denotes movement rates converted between relative speeds (BL s-1) 593 and absolute speeds (m s-1) as well as mean fish size and sample sizes of fish moving in each river 594 section. 595 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-exploitation-rates-of-atlantic-salmon-3dh8nnii.png Table 1: Summary of the exploitation rates of Atlantic salmon and sea trout within the Tweed 578 catchment during the spring (Feb – May), summer (Jun – Aug) and autumn (Sep – Nov) fishing 579 seasons. Exploitation data represents catches from 1994-2011. 580 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-coefficients-of-the-selected-glmm-reach-species-2l0f256t.png Table 2: Coefficients of the selected GLMM (reach, species variables) for migration speeds of sea 583 trout and Atlantic salmon through the reaches and tributaries of the Tweed. 584 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-2010-2011-movement-rates-of-adult-sea-trout-and-32qn2ivp.png Fig. 4: The 2010-2011 movement rates of adult sea trout and Atlantic salmon combined in 574 relation to position within the River Tweed catchment. Error bars display the standard error 575 of the mean. 576 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-relationship-between-release-date-and-the-movement-2zvhvdnt.png Fig. 3: The relationship between release date and the movement rates of adult Atlantic 570 salmon and sea trout. Solid black lines represent sea trout and dashed black lines represent 571 salmon. 572 https://scispace.com/papers/salinity-yield-response-functions-of-barley-genotypes-ik7b2q6doy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-correlation-coefficients-obtained-between-the-2ytd0ldu.png Table 6. Correlation coefficients obtained between the salinity tolerance statistics (first row) and the normalised leaf sap OP, Cl, Ca, Na and K values measured in the saline treatments 5 (intermediate salinity) and 9 (high salinity) (first column); n is the number of genotypes used in each analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relationship-between-ec50-and-ym-for-103-barley-1nvgzuw6.png Fig. 1. Relationship between EC50 and Ym for 103 barley genotypes grown in the 1991 - 1994 TLS experiments. EC50 is the estimated electrical conductivity of the soil saturation extract (ECe) that reduces yield by 50%. Ym is the estimated grain yield under non-saline conditions. The dotted lines are the mean EC50 and Ym values for the 103 barley genotypes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-standard-deviation-sd-of-the-ec50-and-ect-2uwtu0fi.png Table 2. Mean standard deviation (SD) of the EC50 and ECt estimates obtained in each of the TLS experimental years using the sigmoidal model of van Genuchten (1983). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlation-coefficients-obtained-among-the-model-1rv0xnlh.png Table 4. Correlation coefficients obtained among the model statistics. The number of genotypes used in these calculations was 103 (those with Ym values calculated by the program). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-salinity-grain-yield-response-functions-of-124-3ux5wr94.png Table 3. Salinity-grain yield response functions of 124 barley genotypes computed from data obtained with the TLS system. Ym, Y6 and Y12 are the grain yields estimated for the control, the ECe = 6 and the ECe = 12 dS m-1 saline treatments, respectively. EC50 and ECt are salinity tolerance statistics defined in Materials and Methods. All the EC values are on a saturation extract basis (ECe). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-values-of-leaf-sap-osmotic-potential-op-cl-ca-26c4bqfc.png Table 5. Mean values of leaf sap osmotic potential (OP), Cl, Ca, Na and K ions measured in the indicated leaves sampled in various genotypes grown in treatments 1 (control), 5 (intermediate salinity) and 9 (high salinity) of the 1991 to 1994 TLS experimental years. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cont-w9f5vzha.png Table 3. Salinity-grain yield response functions of 124 barley genotypes computed from data obtained with the TLS system. Ym, Y6 and Y12 are the grain yields estimated for the control, the ECe = 6 and the ECe = 12 dS m-1 saline treatments, respectively. EC50 and ECt are salinity tolerance statistics defined in Materials and Methods. All the EC values are on a saturation extract basis (ECe). https://scispace.com/papers/salmonella-typhi-acquires-diverse-plasmids-from-other-kszcclmnkk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-molecular-fingerprint-of-cephalosporin-resistant-s-1t5xdywi.png Table 1: Molecular fingerprint of cephalosporin resistant S. Typhi 378 https://scispace.com/papers/saloon-a-platform-for-selecting-and-configuring-cloud-3wv7x55gzh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-time-to-translate-from-xmi-to-csp-2mepfk3h.png Figure 9. Time to translate from XMI to CSP https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-configuring-heroku-and-deploying-the-application-3ebv28nr.png Table IV. Configuring Heroku and deploying the application using SALOON https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-saloon-metamodel-azo3l94z.png Figure 3. SALOON Metamodel https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-saloon-metamodels-and-related-instances-3w63zhzv.png Figure 4. SALOON Metamodels and Related Instances https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-heroku-fm-and-its-assets-excerpt-350rkjua.png Figure 5. The Heroku FM and its Assets (excerpt) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-generated-files-to-fulfill-req2-scala-1-5-gb-ram-12s27cm5.png Figure 6. Generated files to fulfill REQ2: {Scala, 1.5 GB RAM} when deploying on Heroku https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-windows-azure-feature-model-excerpt-32t90u6l.png Figure 1. The Windows Azure Feature Model (excerpt) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-feature-selection-and-configuration-analysis-time-1akkmz45.png Table II. Feature selection and configuration analysis time https://scispace.com/papers/salt-a-simple-application-logic-description-using-286px6l1s2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-choreography-issues-and-salt-proposals-271llvto.png Table I CHOREOGRAPHY ISSUES, AND SALT PROPOSALS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-salt-language-predicate-to-express-variable-3gdy9w1d.png Table IV SALT LANGUAGE: PREDICATE TO EXPRESS VARIABLE MANAGEMENT https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-salt-textual-representation-of-example-fig-5-ik6425sn.png Table V SALT TEXTUAL REPRESENTATION OF EXAMPLE FIG 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-salt-gui-tool-on-this-example-a-button-top-left-pps5e16e.png Figure 4. SALT GUI tool. On this example, a button (top left) controls a light (top right), but is also observed by a counter (counting 3 pushes) that triggers an indicator led (bottom right). The Transducer is displayed near its targeted Object. The “publish rules” button deploys the application. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-salt-language-transition-structure-1olry8m7.png Table III SALT LANGUAGE: TRANSITION STRUCTURE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-if-the-button-is-pressed-twice-push-messages-are-1x83cvq8.png Figure 5. If the button is pressed twice ("push" messages are sent by inner hardware, because our object is a sensor) within one second, this alarm button gets locked (it’s also an actuator) and sends an "alarm" message. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-use-case-to-build-an-internet-of-things-application-3e0yppxx.png Figure 1. Use-Case: To build an Internet Of Things application, a user accesses in a universal way to his objects, discovers theirs capabilities, describes his needs, and deploys the code on each element https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-salt-textual-representation-of-example-fig-2-1eu5hfda.png Table II SALT TEXTUAL REPRESENTATION OF EXAMPLE FIG 2 https://scispace.com/papers/salty-bitter-sweet-and-sour-survive-unscathed-2qop7n8y0p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-stimuli-rated-as-singular-or-morethan-3eg10m0t.png Figure 3. Comparison stimuli rated as “singular” or “morethan-one;” data from the basic tastes protocols (Fig. 1, E1, E2). The left column indicates how the ratings would appear for a hypothetical stimulus that was rated as singular by all subjects, and the right column illustrates the data for a stimulus that was always rated as more-than-one. No stimulus is completely either singular or more-than-one, the only two outcomes that would be predicted in the basic tastes model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-accounting-for-ten-comparison-taste-stimuli-with-3vob3hzw.png Figure 1. Accounting for ten Comparison taste stimuli with basic and nonbasic Standard tastes; the experimental design and results. In the six panels, the first two, E 1–2, give the results from the two experimental “basic tastes” groups, and C 1–4 each give the results from one of the four “nonbasic tastes” control groups. In panels E 1 and E 2 the four basic words (sweet, sour, salty, and bitter) and stimuli (QHCl, HCl, NaCl, and sucrose) were used as Standards to describe the tastes of the ten Comparison stimuli. In the rest of the panels (C 1–4), from two to five stimuli not considered to be basic were used in the same role as Standards. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-degree-to-which-each-nonbasic-standard-stimulus-187lrhjw.png Figure 2. The degree to which each nonbasic Standard stimulus accounted for the Comparison stimuli depends on how many Standards were used (from Fig. 1, C 1–4). The lower curve shows that each Standard’s account was not constant but decreased (averages) as the number of Standards increased. The upper curve shows that the total amount accounted for by all Standards may be approaching an asymptote of somewhat less than 100% as the number of Standards increases. The upper curve equals the lower curve times the number of Standards. https://scispace.com/papers/salty-groundwater-flow-in-the-shallow-and-deep-aquifer-3fjebgtybw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-deep-profile-coupled-fluid-flow-and-mass-transport-2unp18cu.png Fig. 7: Deep profile: coupled fluid flow and mass transport simulation. (a) and (b): Calculated salinity profiles in g/l at 290 y and (c) at 10 ky. The vectors depict the direction of the gravitational convective flow. For clarity a 2:1 vertical exaggeration is used. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-deep-profile-thermohaline-simulation-calculated-mass-2igytp1s.png Fig. 9: Deep profile: thermohaline simulation. Calculated mass (filled patterns, g/l) and temperature profiles (dashed lines, °C) at 15 ky. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-deep-profile-coupled-fluid-flow-and-heat-transport-1vn41omr.png Fig. 8: Deep profile: coupled fluid flow and heat transport simulation. (a) Calculated temperature profiles in °C at 15 ky. A zoom of the thermally induced plumes is given in Fig. 8b without vertical exaggeration. https://scispace.com/papers/same-but-different-new-insights-on-the-correspondence-rpjngo0z00 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-from-the-rsa-of-scr-the-arousal-sorted-rsms-14iltp0t.png Figure 3. Results from the RSA of SCR. The arousal-sorted RSMs of subjective arousal https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-standard-deviation-of-subjective-valence-and-11pdfozr.png Table 1. Mean (standard deviation) of subjective valence and arousal ratings and psychophysiological indices for unpleasant, neutral, and pleasant material. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-from-the-rsa-of-heart-rate-the-arousal-3ty8swaa.png Figure 5. Results from the RSA of heart rate. The arousal-sorted RSMs of subjective https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-results-from-the-rsa-of-corrugator-activity-the-7hytlzdq.png Figure 6. Results from the RSA of corrugator activity. The valence-sorted RSMs of subjective arousal (right) and valence (left) were compared to RSM of corrugator activity (middle). Whereas no significant relation was observed between the valence-based and corrugator RSMs for any of the tasks, a significant relation between the arousal-based RSM and the RSM of corrugator activity was observed for the PSL task. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-computation-of-the-physiological-rsms-a-in-a-first-36bgdf28.png Figure 1. Computation of the physiological RSMs. A) In a first step, the physiological https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-results-of-the-univariate-analysis-across-category-1x3faat8.png Figure 2. Results of the univariate analysis across category, physiological measure and task. Darker, bigger dots and lines represent the mean response across participants. Error bars represent the standard error. Thinner lighter dots and lines represent responses for each participant. P: pleasant; N: neutral; U: unpleasant. PPV: passive picture viewing; PSL: passive sound listening; I: imagery. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-from-the-rsa-of-the-startle-blink-reflex-e87327s7.png Figure 4. Results from the RSA of the startle blink reflex. RSMs of subjective arousal https://scispace.com/papers/salvage-rectal-surgery-overview-44ez1vovew 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pet-scan-of-local-recurrence-1m1r7zyb.png FIGURE 3 PET SCAN OF LOCAL RECURRENCE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-wj63c7dv.png FIGURE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1cmvr8id.png FIGURE 1 https://scispace.com/papers/same-father-same-face-deep-learning-reveals-paternally-3dzqcheka0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-kinship-and-social-behaviour-statistics-obtained-yrlvhu6p.png Table 1. Kinship and social behaviour. Statistics obtained from Generalized Linear Mixed 398 Models (proc GENMOD, SAS Studio) with a negative binomial distribution performed to study 399 the relationships between social behaviour (grooming, aggression) or spatial association 400 recorded across 45 adult females and a set of explanatory variables, including kinship. 401 402 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-kinship-and-face-distance-mean-raw-face-distances-and-3joco1lh.png Fig 3. Kinship and face distance. Mean raw face distances (and sem) across kin categories for 443 pictures taken on 45 adult and 16 juvenile females at two age differences. Pairwise differences 444 in Least Square Means (lsmeans statement; SAS Studio) were calculated across kin.age 445 categories. Sample sizes are provided within bars. 446 447 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-kinship-and-social-behaviour-mean-frequencies-and-sem-21pc0rea.png Fig 1. Kinship and social behaviour. Mean frequencies (and sem) of social behaviour and 421 spatial association across kin categories composed by 45 adult females over the entire study 422 period (2012-2019). The figure is based on raw data: time spent grooming per hour, number of 423 aggressive behaviour observed per hour and frequency of spatial association. Pairwise 424 differences in Least Square Means (lsmeans statement; SAS Studio) were calculated across kin 425 categories for grooming and aggression. For spatial association, the overall effect of kinship was 426 combined to females’ age difference. However, a closer examination of the data showed that the 427 same general pattern as the one depicted on the figure was observed across different categories 428 of age difference. Sample sizes are provided within parentheses. 429 430 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-kinship-and-face-distance-statistics-obtained-from-16t9si9d.png Table 2. Kinship and face distance. Statistics obtained from General Linear Mixed Models 408 (proc GLIMMIX, SAS Studio) performed to study the relationships between face distance and a 409 set of explanatory variables, including kinship, in a. all adult female-female pairs of pictures, 410 pairs aged less than 2 years apart and pairs aged more than 2 years apart; and in b. all juvenile 411 female-female pairs, pairs aged less than a year apart and pairs aged more than a year apart. 412 413 a. 414 https://scispace.com/papers/same-but-different-similarities-and-fundamental-differences-2tk8boaadh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-selected-structural-antecedents-of-informal-social-1k0lfu23.png Figure 1: Selected structural antecedents of informal social networks https://scispace.com/papers/same-gender-and-cross-gender-likeability-associations-with-3z5x4gnp3k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-unstandardized-regression-coefficients-of-effects-of-21fg64a1.png Table 5. Unstandardized Regression Coefficients of Effects of Popularity and Characteristics on Same-Gender Likeability and Cross-Gender Likeability for Boys and Girls Separately https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-of-status-and-status-related-gtipu2lu.png Table 2. Correlations of Status and Status-Related Characteristics With Same- and Cross-Gender Likeability https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-main-study-variables-2ii4kbum.png Table 1. Descriptive Statistics for Main Study Variables https://scispace.com/papers/same-or-different-that-is-the-question-identification-of-3cigrnbfjq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-pairs-of-crystal-structures-compared-the-35vicd3c.png Table 3 Summary of pairs of crystal structures compared, the experimental conditions for XRD data collection and the results obtained with the similarity methods used for their comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-top-calculated-powder-patterns-of-mostix-blue-and-2q1q8sa8.png Figure 11 Top: calculated powder patterns of MOSTIX (blue) and MOSTIX01 (red). Bottom: FP of MOSTIX and MOSTIX01. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-borderline-examples-in-the-various-1u75xfyd.png Table 5 Summary of borderline examples in the various comparison groups and which methods fail or work. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-pairs-of-crystal-structures-compared-the-1sp1snu4.png Table 2 Summary of pairs of crystal structures compared, the experimental conditions for XRD data collection and the results obtained with the similarity methods used for their comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-the-molecular-packing-with-the-css-19yzrfcs.png Fig. 8). Comparison of the molecular packing with the CSS, however, returns 20 molecules in common with a low rmsd- https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-pairs-of-crystal-structures-compared-the-2d2pyph2.png Table 4 Summary of pairs of crystal structures compared, the experimental conditions for XRD data collection and the results obtained with the similarity methods used for their comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-pairs-of-crystal-structures-compared-the-2zt71h90.png Table 3 Summary of pairs of crystal structures compared, the experimental conditions for XRD data collection and the results obtained with the similarity methods used for their comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-results-obtained-in-comparing-the-3rg4ifga.png Table 1 Summary of the results obtained in comparing the crystal structures of single component systems belonging to 8102 refcode families with two or more refcodes. https://scispace.com/papers/same-same-but-different-cycling-and-e-scootering-in-a-1px0qijy5s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-self-reported-competency-according-to-bike-and-e-20mojpxe.png Figure 4 – Self reported competency according to bike and e-scooter usage, split by gender https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-self-reported-competency-according-to-e-scooter-and-2ugmjtek.png Figure 3 – Self reported competency according to e-scooter and bike usage (ANOVA: F(32.44), 3 p<0.01)) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cycling-frequency-split-according-to-being-a-user-3g5stue1.png Figure 1 – Cycling frequency split according to being a user or non-user of e-scooters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-use-of-bikeshare-split-according-to-being-a-user-or-1xta5l9r.png Figure 2 – Use of bikeshare split according to being a user or non-user of e-scooters https://scispace.com/papers/sample-based-estimation-of-landscape-metrics-accuracy-of-bj7yv8lw0r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-values-of-the-parameters-a-for-sample-size-36gt4d6r.png Table 3. Estimated values of the parameters α (for sample size), β (for line length), and λ (for interaction) for systematic and random designs, for level 1 classification system. Standard errors are given within parentheses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-five-different-transect-38xsrwvr.png Figure 1. Illustration of the five different transect configurations applied in this study, line, L-shaped, Y-shaped, triangle and quadrat. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relative-bias-of-the-shannon-diversity-estimator-2gz7baze.png Figure 4. Relative bias of the Shannon diversity estimator for different sampling line lengths and configurations. Systematic design, random orientation of line transect, level 1 classification system and two sample sizes (25 and 49). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relative-rmse-of-total-edge-length-estimator-for-3omvbg75.png Figure 5. Relative RMSE of total edge length estimator for different sampling line lengths and configurations. Systematic design, random orientation, level 1 classification system and two sample sizes (16 and 25). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-relationships-between-time-cost-and-the-rmse-of-the-q4e26gld.png Figure 8. Relationships between time (cost) and the RMSE of the total edge length /density (top), edge density for the forest class (middle) and Shannon diversity (bottom) estimators for different sampling line lengths, according to Table 2. Random design, straight line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-random-distribution-of-straight-1ctqxe6y.png Figure 2. Illustration of random distribution of straight line transects on a land cover map (1 km2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relative-rmse-of-total-edge-length-for-the-3qn8wank.png Figure 6. Relative RMSE of total edge length for the different orientations and sampling line lengths. Straight line and systematic design. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-relative-rmse-of-edge-density-for-the-forest-class-18zjgqby.png Figure 7. Relative RMSE of edge density for the forest class for different sample line lengths. Systematic design and random orientation and two sample sizes (25 and 49). https://scispace.com/papers/sample-size-effect-on-combustion-analysis-1c3r92fu05 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-percentage-difference-in-brake-power-value-relative-2f99wpgi.png Figure 4: Percentage difference in brake power value relative to 100 samples (a) Gasoline (b) Gasoline with 1% biofuel blend and (c) Gasoline with 5% biofuel blend. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-calculated-engine-torque-using-varying-sample-sizes-1f4jmhpb.png Figure 2: Calculated Engine Torque using Varying Sample Sizes for (a) Gasoline (b) Gasoline with 1% biofuel blend and (c) Gasoline with 5% biofuel blend https://scispace.com/papers/sample-size-effects-on-grain-boundary-sliding-3qgg4553ts 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-scanning-electron-microscope-images-of-2ttk07sh.png Figure 3: Example scanning electron microscope images of micro-pillars. Larger 5 µm wide pillars on left, and, smaller 1 µm pillars on right. Top two rows show examples of pillars before testing (bi-crystals), while middle and bottom rows show bi-crystal and single crystal pillars after testing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-orientations-of-the-two-body-centred-tetragonal-b-xs9sluyp.png Figure 1: Orientations of the two body-centred-tetragonal β-tin crystals. The unit cells (top) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-micro-mechanical-data-from-single-crystal-and-bi-1dpsc5zg.png Figure 2: Micro-mechanical data from single crystal and bi-crystal compression tests. Example engineering stress versus displacement curves at different sample widths for (a) single crystal 1, and (b) bi-crystals. (c) Compressive stress (left hand axis) required for plastic deformation as a function of sample width for single crystal and bi-crystal samples. For bi-crystals shear stress on the grain boundary is also indicated (right hand axis). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fraction-of-deformation-contributed-by-grain-qsjzqz35.png Figure 4: Fraction of deformation contributed by grain boundary sliding in bi-crystal tests as a function of pillar width. Total displacement is taken from nanoindenter data, while displacement generated by grain boundary sliding is obtained from measurement of SEM images. https://scispace.com/papers/sampling-and-analysis-validates-acceptable-knowledge-on-lanl-nyn7qrdnzp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-27r29uzb.png Table III. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-optimal-number-of-samples-and-allocation-of-samples-1l29g8gl.png Table VI. Optimal Number of Samples and Allocation of Samples for All Waste Categories https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-estimated-standard-deviations-of-sample-results-by-epdowiy4.png Table V. Estimated Standard Deviations of Sample Results by Waste (in ppm) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-estimated-means-of-sample-results-by-waste-matrix-28009dbe.png Table IV. Estimated Means of Sample Results by Waste Matrix (in ppm) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-1-3-note-that-equation-3-contains-n-on-both-sides-of-5qw8rmtz.png Table 9-1 (3). Note that Equation 3 contains n on both sides of the equation, indicating that iteration is required to determine the optimal n. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-1ki0rlf1.png TABLE II. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-randomly-selected-sample-units-and-matrices-3kmews33.png Table I. Randomly Selected Sample Units and Matrices Available for Sampling https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-upper-confidence-limits-on-means-of-analytes-in-1g3ltnqc.png Table VII. Upper Confidence Limits on Means of Analytes in Waste Stream https://scispace.com/papers/sampling-and-reconstructing-spatial-fields-using-mobile-1wccdt2x60 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sampling-and-reconstruction-setup-3jq4pp98.png Fig. 1. Sampling and reconstruction setup. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reconstruction-errors-with-various-schemes-10a74fvf.png Table 1. Reconstruction errors with various schemes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spatial-temperature-field-on-epfl-campus-2ysm14ct.png Fig. 2. Spatial temperature field on EPFL campus. https://scispace.com/papers/sampled-data-supervisory-control-vpuz3mod8k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-42-new-b6-3i2snxej.png Figure 7.42: New B6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-54-fsm-b4path-5bl5kko2.png Figure 7.54: FSM B4Path https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-46-fsm-force963-3msluial.png Figure 7.46: FSM Force963 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-29-takeb4putb6-2m55wyjf.png Figure 7.29: TakeB4PutB6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-8-sd-controllability-point-iii-1-example-plant-ogzzxx86.png Figure 7.8: SD Controllability Point iii.1 Example: Plant https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-10-sd-controllability-point-iii-2-example-plant-23lguvzg.png Figure 7.10: SD Controllability Point iii.2 Example: Plant https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-6-sd-controllability-i-ii-example-plant-146uomox.png Figure 7.6: SD Controllability i, ii Example: Plant https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-36-force965-b5cc1295.png Figure 7.36: Force965 https://scispace.com/papers/sampling-cad-models-via-an-extended-teaching-learning-based-4lemfzo8ju 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flow-chart-of-s-tlbo-yg9pgmny.png Figure 2: Flow chart of S-TLBO https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-designs-obtained-using-s-tlbo-without-the-1j8ay95o.png Figure 5: (a) Designs obtained using S-TLBO without the geometric constraints. Designs obtained with the geometric constraints, quantified for participants 1 (b), 2 (c) and 3 (d) for the yacht hull model. (The participants disliked the designs numbered in red). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-design-points-are-generated-based-on-the-113jji5w.png Figure 10: Design points are generated based on the constraints defined in Equation 16 using (a) Fuerle and Sienz’s [4] technique and (b) S-TLBO. The design points are obtained based on the constraints defined in Equation 17 using (c) Fuerle and Sienz’s [4] method and (d) S-TLBO (images (a) and (c) are taken from [4]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-results-of-the-second-user-study-2u5nw0n0.png Table 9: Results of the second user study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-space-filling-designs-b-non-collapsing-designs-c-2ndwghtb.png Figure 3: (a) Space-filling designs (b) Non-collapsing designs (c) Space-filling and non-collapsing designs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-b-c-d-plots-showing-the-number-of-designs-37irh08o.png Figure 14: (a), (b), (c), (d) Plots showing the number of designs violating the geometric constraints versus β for the models in Figures 5 (b), (c), and (d) and 6 (b), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-plot-of-the-number-of-collapsing-designs-versus-a-2wd22wsv.png Figure 15: Plot of the number of collapsing designs versus α when β = 0 (a) and β = 2, 000 (b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-bounds-and-geometric-constraints-for-the-3cejq52a.png Table 1: Parameter bounds and geometric constraints for the yacht hull model https://scispace.com/papers/sampling-methods-and-sample-populations-in-quantitative-mass-1bx7xln209 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sample-population-used-in-survey-and-experimental-13jz9i71.png Figure 2: Sample population used in survey and experimental studies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sampling-methods-used-in-survey-and-experimental-f4gahtj8.png Figure 1: Sampling methods used in survey and experimental studies https://scispace.com/papers/sampling-methods-for-solving-bayesian-model-updating-3xg005meqr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-different-likelihood-functions-for-the-bxp6065m.png Fig. 1. Comparison of different likelihood functions for the case of a mono-dimensional h: Normal distribution (black solid line), Inverse Error (green dashed-dotted line), the Inverse Squared Error (blue dotted line), exponential (magenta dashed line), and Truncated normal (red solid line with circles). For all the plots, rk is set as 1. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-numerical-values-of-the-noisy-data-illustrated-in-3cz84q91.png Table 9 Numerical values of the ‘‘noisy” data illustrated in Fig. 18. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-scatter-plot-of-the-15-different-measured-values-of-10c2aukb.png Fig. 18. Scatter plot of the 15 different measured values of knoisy1 and k noisy 2 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-33-the-scatterplot-matrix-illustrating-the-updated-model-3gvr9x5t.png Fig. 33. The scatterplot matrix illustrating the updated model output profile obtained using TMCMC. The blue scatter plots represent the frequency output from the updated model while the red scatter plots represent the experimental frequency measurements. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-32-the-scatterplot-matrix-illustrating-the-updated-model-3tmhqjlv.png Fig. 32. The scatterplot matrix illustrating the updated model output profile obtained using MCMC. The blue scatter plots represent the frequency output from the updated model while the red scatter plots represent the experimental frequency measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-the-resulting-scatterplot-matrix-a-and-2d-scatter-2ol7pbfs.png Fig. 19. The resulting scatterplot matrix (a) and 2D scatter plot (b) obtained using MCMC sampling with sample size 1000 and 0 burn-in. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-the-resulting-scatter-plot-matrix-a-and-2d-scatter-2qdtifxf.png Fig. 20. The resulting scatter plot matrix (a) and 2D scatter plot (b) after discarding the first Nburn in ¼ 30 samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-results-from-varying-the-tuning-parameter-30ket8zn.png Table 4 Summary of results from varying the tuning parameter values while keeping the sample size fixed at 10000. https://scispace.com/papers/sampling-potential-energy-surfaces-in-the-condensed-phase-2zd6oircgb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dynamic-structure-of-the-hydrated-electron-3a2566fp.png Figure 1. Dynamic structure of the hydrated electron. Evolution of the hydrated electron’s spin density exhibits rapid cavity formation. Blue: positive spin density; yellow: negative spin density. Spin density isovalues: opaque - ±0.0015 a.u.; transparent - ±0.0001. The figure is reproduced from reference [62] with the permission of the publisher. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-density-and-structural-data-obtained-from-3fw42jm8.png Table 1. Average Density and structural data obtained from the NpT-MC simulations (T = 295K and p = 1bar) The density error is estimated to be in the third digit. The optB88-vdW method represents a functional of the non-local van der Waals type [54, 55]. The label D3 stands for a dispersion correction according to [53]. https://scispace.com/papers/sand-bottom-microalgal-production-and-benthic-nutrient-2apxobisv7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-benthic-net-npp-and-gross-gpp-community-production-3b87eikf.png Figure 2. Benthic net (NPP) and gross (GPP) community production response to irradiance intensity during a single experiment on 25 July 2005. The least squares regression model slope is 0.186 ± 0.01, r2 = 0.989. Dotted lines indicate the point of zero net and gross community production, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/sandia-national-laboratories-support-of-the-iraq-nuclear-690amqh21s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3-sandia-outline-for-writing-a-pmp-uvgp691u.png Table 4-3: Sandia Outline for Writing a PMP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-5-one-on-one-training-zppqhxc9.png Figure 5-5: One-on-one Training https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4-iraq-nds-representatives-examine-brokk-1t332kw3.png Figure 5-4: Iraq NDs Representatives Examine Brokk Decommissioning Equipment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-8-moenv-rpc-and-dos-representatives-observing-the-16tln9sm.png Figure 4-8: MoENV, RPC and DOS Representatives Observing the Drilling of a Monitoring Well at Water Development Corporation’s Field Office https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-diagram-of-u-s-proposal-for-assistance-to-the-11jnzkxt.png Figure 3-1: Diagram of U.S. proposal for assistance to the Iraq ND’s Project https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-10-group-photograph-30rmitw1.png Figure 5-10: Group Photograph https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-russian-cemetery-for-llw-at-al-tuwaitha-1gzcwgf1.png Figure 2-1: Russian “Cemetery” for LLW at Al Tuwaitha https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-participants-in-the-project-management-plan-11eplml3.png Figure 4-2: Participants in the Project Management Plan Training at the IAEA https://scispace.com/papers/sand-temperatures-for-nesting-sea-turtles-in-the-caribbean-2xriee661s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rainfall-and-spring-tides-have-a-short-term-cooling-162t1yig.png Figure 2: Rainfall and spring tides have a short-term cooling effect on sand temperature in 558 St Eustatius. The vertical solid lines identify days for which daily precipitation is greater than 559 10 mm. The dotted lines identify days for which high tide predictions are greater than 50 cm 560 (height above datum). Rainfall and spring tides can be associated to temperature drops, 561 either together or independently, but not all cooling events are associated with one or the 562 other. 563 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-general-pattern-of-decreasing-sand-temperature-with-1ed4txw2.png Figure 3: General pattern of decreasing sand temperature with increasing depth. Each 565 point represents the mean temperature for the duration that the logger was deployed at 566 each depth: April (◊), June (+), August (∆), November (o). The studied months cover the 567 incubation periods for leatherbacks (April, June), greens and hawksbills (June, August, 568 November). The filled circles represent the mean for each depth. These depths correspond 569 to the range of nesting depths at this site. 570 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-primary-sex-ratio-reconstruction-and-projections-t7yq1fwy.png Figure 7: Primary sex ratio reconstruction and projections. Female sex ratios were 592 reconstructed and projected as described in the text for green (A), hawksbill (B), and 593 leatherback turtles (C). Each time-series takes into account the specific nesting season of 594 each species, which explains the differences between time-series. 595 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-seasonality-of-incubation-temperatures-at-3n7v1whf.png Figure 6: (A) Seasonality of incubation temperatures at Zeelandia beach and (B) resulting 584 sex ratios. Historical (1823-2014) air temperatures were used to reconstruct the mean 585 monthly incubation temperatures across this 90-year period. The boxes delineate the upper 586 and lower quartiles and the whiskers define the data’s range. Outliers are plotted as 587 separate points. The horizontal lines define the 2012 nesting seasons for each of the three 588 turtle species nesting on St Eustatius: greens (dotted line), hawksbills (dashed line), and 589 leatherbacks (solid line). 590 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-projection-of-incubation-temperatures-for-zeelandia-3r6z6y6j.png Figure 5: Projection of incubation temperatures for Zeelandia beach. A projected increase 579 of air temperatures at the study site will result in an increase of incubation temperatures. 580 Predicted incubation temperatures were estimated for 1000 nests in 2030 (A), 2060 (B), and 581 2090 (C). 582 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-sand-temperature-44-6-63-3-cm-depth-range-2jlf0i3b.png Figure 4: Mean sand temperature (44.6 – 63.3 cm depth range) against mean (monthly) air 572 temperature for St Eustatius. A single point represents a monthly mean sand temperature 573 recorded in 2011, 2012 or 2013. The solid line is the regression line, the dotted lines define 574 the 95% confidence intervals, and the dashed lines define the 95% prediction intervals. The 575 least squares fit regression equation is: mean sand temperature = 1.13 x air temperature + 576 0.33 (R2 = 0.60). 577 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-st-eustatius-in-the-lesser-antilles-in-1potiq01.png Figure 1: Location of St Eustatius in the Lesser Antilles in the north-eastern 555 Caribbean. The study site, Zeelandia beach, is located on the eastern coast of St Eustatius. 556 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-emergence-success-against-incubation-temperature-15ji3iyj.png Figure 8: Emergence success against incubation temperature. There is no clear effect of 597 incubation temperature on emergence success for green (o), hawksbill (+), and leatherback 598 turtles (∆) at the study site. Most nests fall into two categories: >60% emerged or <40% 599 emerged. 600 601 https://scispace.com/papers/sandwich-composites-impact-and-indentation-behaviour-study-2jv89gl3fo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-equipment-arrangement-for-indentation-testing-2f3kmvdo.png Fig. 4. Equipment arrangement for indentation testing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-three-dimensional-measuring-machine-mc-1200c-fsn342nb.png Fig. 5. Three-dimensional measuring machine ‘‘MC 1200C’’. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-temporal-impact-force-curves-for-the-sd-310-composite-34nw3hrk.png Fig. 6. Temporal impact force curves for the SD 310 composite sandwich. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-impact-force-vs-impactor-displacement-curves-for-the-r63vp7aj.png Fig. 7. Impact force vs. impactor displacement curves for the SD 310 composite sandwich. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-cross-section-photographs-showing-the-damage-state-137mr4oy.png Fig. 17. Cross section photographs showing the damage state for three sandwich laminates after indentation tests. (a) SD 310 Sandwich, (b) SD 270 Sandwich, and (c) SD 160 Sandwich. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-cross-section-photographs-showing-the-damage-state-2kiixp58.png Fig. 18. Cross section photographs showing the damage state for two sandwich laminates after first indentation damage. (a) SD 160 Sandwich and (b) SD 310 Sandwich. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-energies-ratio-ed-ei-for-the-different-sandwich-idfi7gha.png Fig. 11. Energies ratio Ed/Ei for the different sandwich materials. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-maximum-force-fmax-vs-impact-energy-3bf1b9w3.png Fig. 8. Maximum force Fmax vs. impact energy. https://scispace.com/papers/sandwich-nucleic-acid-hybridization-a-method-with-a-4rfj1yf4hz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-detection-of-cmv-in-urine-samples-were-collected-from-v7xjdjna.png Fig. 4. Detection of CMV in urine. Samples were collected from two different patients, one positive (a,b) and one negative (c,d). Slot no. 1 represents the low speed pellets and slot no. 2 the high speed pellets. (a) and (c): One step hybridization with lzsI labeled single-stranded ml3 CMV DNA; exposure time 72 h. (b) and (d): The second hybridization with ,?P labeled double-stranded ml3 mp8 DNA after the first signal had been reduced by allowing 4 half-lives for decay (remaining “‘I activity of l/16 of a)); exposure time 23 h. https://scispace.com/papers/saprotrophic-proteomes-of-biotypes-of-the-witches-broom-152y6ijgl7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plants-inoculated-with-m-perniciosa-basidiospores-28sj9jqn.png Fig 2 - Plants inoculated with M. perniciosa basidiospores (defoliated to show symptoms). (A) Cacao four weeks after mock-inoculation (control), C-biotype infection (APC3) or S-biotype infection (WMA5). (B) Tomato three weeks post-inoculation with the C-biotype Cast1, exhibiting stem fasciation (left), stem swelling (centre) and shoot proliferation (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mycelia-of-m-perniciosa-strains-cultured-on-myea-12-d-42mng77w.png Fig 1 - Mycelia of M. perniciosa strains cultured on MYEA (12 d, 25°C) in 9 cm Petri dishes. C-biotypes: Cast1, APC3, RNBP1, YB2, PichiE, GC-A5; S-biotypes: WMA5, APS1; L‑biotype: SCFT. Below: 2-DE gel of each strain (arrow locates spot 1 for orientation). Proteins were separated by pH 3-10 on 12.5% SDSPAGE and stained with Coomassie Phastgel Blue R-250. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-identifications-of-m-perniciosa-mycelial-proteins-17wvzq1i.png Table 2 Identifications of M. perniciosa mycelial proteins using MS/MS. 688 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mycelia-of-m-perniciosa-strains-cultured-on-myea-12-d-1wkteo1r.png Fig 1 - Mycelia of M. perniciosa strains cultured on MYEA (12 d, 25°C) in 9 cm Petri dishes. C-biotypes: Cast1, APC3, RNBP1, YB2, PichiE, GC-A5; S-biotypes: WMA5, APS1; L‑biotype: SCFT. Below: 2-DE gel of each strain (arrow locates spot 1 for orientation). Proteins were separated by pH 3-10 on 12.5% SDSPAGE and stained with Coomassie Phastgel Blue R-250. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-provenance-of-m-perniciosa-cultures-683-3vnjqlrd.png Table 1 - Provenance of M. perniciosa cultures. 683 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-m-perniciosa-mycelial-proteins-table-2-hd0eg9l5.png Table 3 Comparison of M. perniciosa mycelial proteins (Table 2) with transcript sequences in the Witches’ Broom Disease Transcriptome Atlas (WBDTA). https://scispace.com/papers/sarcocysts-of-an-unidentified-species-of-sarcocystis-in-the-24xnylantw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-transmission-electron-micrograph-of-a-mature-3hv37xwn.png FIGURE 2. Transmission electron micrograph of a mature sarcocyst from the skeletal muscle of the sea otter. A. Note the thin cyst wall (cw) with minute protrusions. The ground substance is homogenous without microtubules and continues into the sarcocyst interior as septa (s). All organisms present are bradyzoites. A rhoptry (r) in 1 bradyzoite has its bulbous end turned toward the conoidal end. Also note numerous micronemes (m) toward the conoidal end. B. Higher magnification of the sarcocyst wall. Note the minute protrusions on the sarcocyst wall, interrupted at irregular intervals (arrow heads). C. Longitudinal section of a bradyzoite showing the conoid (c), micronemes (m), rhoptries (r), and terminal nucleus (n). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-sources-of-parasite-isolates-30w90ire.png TABLE I. Sources of parasite isolates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-section-of-sea-otter-skeletal-muscles-showing-a-11e6jh86.png FIGURE 1. Section of sea otter skeletal muscles showing a Sarcocystis sp. sarcocyst. Note the thin sarcocyst wall (arrows). Toluidine blue stain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-midpoint-rooted-neighbor-joining-tree-reconstructed-390ktfwd.png FIGURE 3. Midpoint-rooted neighbor-joining tree reconstructed from variation in the rpoB B gene. Kimura 2-parameter distances were calculated for each pair of sequences. The percentage of bootstrap replicates (n 5 1,000) in which a given node was recovered is indicated. Five hundred base pairs of the rpoB gene were sequenced from Sarcocystis sp. and from representatives of S. neurona, S. falcatula, and S. lindsayi in the sea otter (see Table I for details on isolates). The Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii homologs were obtained from GenBank (accession nos. AF095904 and AF138960, respectively). https://scispace.com/papers/sar-evaluation-of-ultra-wideband-uwb-textile-antennas-hjur23zjwy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-summary-of-sar-with-varying-distances-at-5-2-ghz-2qv8szzl.png TABLE II SUMMARY OF SAR WITH VARYING DISTANCES AT 5.2 GHZ https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-repeatability-test-using-pcpwm-3gag3uz6.png TABLE I SUMMARY OF REPEATABILITY TEST USING PCPWM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-uwb-antennas-a-pcpwm-schematic-b-pcpwm-fabricated-1shn4chq.png Fig. 1. The UWB antennas: (a) PCPWM (schematic), (b) PCPWM (fabricated), (c) WSUWB (schematic), and (d) WSUWB (fabricated). https://scispace.com/papers/sar-imaging-of-fractal-surfaces-11il48lazk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-slant-range-vs-ground-range-resolutions-2pmg3h6c.png Fig. 1: Slant range vs. ground range resolutions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-fractal-maps-relevant-to-sar-images-of-fractal-fig-22-36t6wvhc.png Fig. 21 Fractal maps relevant to SAR Images of fractal Fig. 22 Fractal maps relevant to SAR Images of fractal parameters in Table III in presence of speckle. parameters in Table III in presence of speckle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-0-1-0-7-0-75-fig-11-0-1-0-6-0-64-fig-12-0-1-0-5-0-58-2ief4sws.png Fig. 10 0.1 0.7 0.75 Fig. 11 0.1 0.6 0.64 Fig. 12 0.1 0.5 0.58 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-fractal-surface-of-parameter-s-0-1-m0-2-h-0-8-mksvmvvj.png Fig. 6: Fractal surface of parameter s=0.1 m0.2, H=0.8 synthesized through a Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-mean-psd-of-range-cuts-of-the-image-before-applying-1ohhv8ya.png Fig. 7: Mean PSD of range cuts of the image before applying the Capon filtering (continuous line) compared with the theoretical one (dash-dot-dot line) for a fractal surface with H=0.8; the estimated value of H is 0.86. The theoretical spectra for H=0.999 (dashed line) and H=0.001 (dash-dot line), which represent the limit of H for which a surface holds a fractal behavior, are reported. The two vertical axes mark the wavenumbers beyond which the spectrum is cut. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-theoretical-log-log-plots-of-range-continuous-line-and-jmoalowq.png Fig. 3: Theoretical log-log plots of range (continuous line) and azimuth (dash-dot line) image cuts PSD; the dashed line represents the surface cut PSD. All the graphs are relevant to H=0.7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-theoretical-log-log-plots-of-range-continuous-line-and-gualzje6.png Fig. 2: Theoretical log-log plots of range (continuous line) and azimuth (dash-dot line) image cuts PSD; the dashed line represents the surface cut PSD. All the graphs are relevant to H=0.9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-mean-psd-of-azimuth-cuts-of-the-image-theoretical-one-ljdirmhl.png Fig. 14: Mean PSD of azimuth cuts of the image theoretical one (dash-dot-dot line) for a H=0.001 (dash-dot line), which represent the limit of https://scispace.com/papers/sargent-and-proust-an-elusive-mouvance-ywkpwdkq6b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-peter-milton-in-search-of-lost-time-by-permission-1f6ta5ki.png Figure 5. Peter Milton, In Search of Lost Time. By permission of Peter Milton. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-john-singer-sargent-madame-gautreau-drinking-a-1a98h1gb.png Figure 2. John Singer Sargent, Madame Gautreau Drinking a Toast, Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-john-singer-sargent-an-interior-in-venice-royal-2pnv3wyk.png Figure 4. John Singer Sargent, An Interior in Venice Royal Academy of Arts, London; photographer: Prudence Cuming Associates Limited. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-john-singer-sargent-incensing-the-veil-isabella-2yk8jbn3.png Figure 3. John Singer Sargent, Incensing the Veil. Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-john-singer-sargent-dr-pozzi-at-home-the-armand-1udgixy5.png Figure 1. John Singer Sargent, Dr Pozzi at Home. The Armand Hammer Collection, Gift of the Armand Hammer Foundation. Hammer Museum, Los Angeles. https://scispace.com/papers/sarmenti-in-situ-real-time-soil-nutrients-and-gaseous-jituu1bc6z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sarmenti-development-methodology-olvl6k3y.png Fig. 3. SARMENTI development methodology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sarmenti-objective-36sv3w67.png Fig. 1. SARMENTI objective https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-test-sites-13bi26gz.png TABLE I. TEST SITES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-nitrogen-cycle-10-2zjytjfn.png Fig. 2. Nitrogen cycle [10] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-1st-prototype-under-development-3jv5bjp1.png Fig. 6. 1st prototype under development https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-nanowire-left-and-potentiometric-right-sensors-brought-m2bv4jpn.png Fig. 7. Nanowire (left) and potentiometric (right) sensors brought to the project by partners https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-information-to-be-sensed-range-resolution-by-test-31fl4p9d.png TABLE II. INFORMATION TO BE SENSED (RANGE, RESOLUTION) BY TEST SITE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sarmenti-development-stages-17l5wsvi.png Fig. 4. SARMENTI development stages https://scispace.com/papers/sars-cov-2-among-migrants-and-forcibly-displaced-populations-oht0tyuw6e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-forest-plot-of-incidence-risks-see-attached-2x3lysqc.png Figure 2: Forest plot of Incidence risks [see attached] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-prisma-flow-chart-197minsd.png Figure 2: Forest plot of Incidence risks [see attached] https://scispace.com/papers/sars-cov-2-candidate-vaccine-chadox1-ncov-19-infection-of-ip31iqniwb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4eym0a6n.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3ukd2prq.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3w1yro3s.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/sars-cov-2-load-does-not-predict-transmissibility-in-college-42l9d45th8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-gender-distribution-of-the-cases-29i32qrv.png Table 1. The gender distribution of the cases https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-age-distribution-of-the-cases-10812py1.png Table 2. The age distribution of the cases https://scispace.com/papers/sars-cov-2-lineage-b-1-526-emerging-in-the-new-york-region-dhet7v68ni 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-geographic-distribution-of-b-1-526-in-new-york-city-a-30nd1621.png Fig. 4 Geographic distribution of B.1.526 in New York City. a Spaciotemporal pattern of B.1.526 E484K lineage in New York City (NYC). Point density of B.1.526 variants with the E484K mutation geo-located by case address overlayed on a map of NYC delineated by zip code. Data for each period is based on specimen collection date. The NYC PHL and the PRL in New York have sequenced 16,901 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from December 1, 2020 thru May 18, 2021 (94.2% of addresses were geocodable). Data represent 38 B.1.526 E484K variants out of 782 sequenced genomes in December 1, 2020–January 31, 2021, 1,755 B.1.526 E484K variants out of 8437 sequenced genomes in February 1–March 31, 2021 and 1,518 B.1.526 E484K variants identified out of a total of 6702 sequenced genomes in April 1–May 18, 2021. b Spaciotemporal pattern of B.1.526 without E484K lineage in NYC. Point density of B.1.526 variants without the E484K mutation geo-located by case address overlayed on a map of NYC delineated by zip code. Data for each period is based on specimen collection date. The NYC PHL and the PRL in New York have sequenced 16,901 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from December 1, 2020 thru May 18, 2021 (94.2% of addresses were geocodable). Data represent 45 B.1.526 variants without E484K out of 782 sequenced genomes in December 1, 2020–January 31, 2021, 1,349 B.1.526 variants without E484K out of 8,437 sequenced genomes in February 1–March 31, 2021 and 927 B.1.526 variants without E484K identified out of a total of 6702 sequenced genomes in April 1–May 18, 2021. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plasma-neutralizing-activity-against-pseudoviruses-22js6uee.png Fig. 5 Plasma neutralizing activity against pseudoviruses with B.1.526 lineage spike mutations. SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization assays were used to determine neutralization titer (NT50) for COVID-19 vaccinee (n= 10) and convalescent plasma at 1.3 months (n= 10) and 6.2 months (n= 9) after infection. a Pseudovirus with spike mutations L5F, T95I, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phylogenetic-tree-of-lineage-b-1-526-indicating-spike-2duw9016.png Fig. 1 Phylogenetic tree of lineage B.1.526 indicating spike mutations. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.526 (including B.1.526.2) sampled by NYC PHL (n= 536). Amino acid substitutions in the spike protein occurring on internal branches are labeled, including the three spike mutations characteristic of B.1.526. The B.1.526 clade defined by the E484K mutation is highlighted in red. Inset highlights non-spike amino acid https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-counts-of-virus-genomes-in-lineage-b-1-526-by-month-3pxdimhr.png Table 2 Counts of virus genomes in lineage B.1.526 by month in New York State. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-structural-locations-of-the-spike-mutations-of-lineage-1slmx8a0.png Fig. 2 Structural locations of the spike mutations of lineage B.1.526. a Side and top views of the SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer (PDB 7JJI) with mutations of lineage B.1.526 shown as spheres. b–g Models of representative neutralizing antibodies (cartoon, VH-VL domain only) bound to RBD (b–f, gray surface) or NTD (g, wheat surface). Sites for B.1.526 lineage mutations are shown as red spheres, N-linked glycans are shown in cyan. The S477N site is also shown (label outlined) for the branch containing this mutation instead of the E484K mutation (see Fig. 1); b Class 1 (PDB 7K8M); c Class 2 (PDB 7K8S); d Class 3 (PDB 7K8Z); e Class 4 (PDB 6W41); f Class 58; g NTD-specific antibody 4A8 (PDB 7C2L). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rise-of-sars-cov-2-variants-in-new-york-city-nyc-in-2ere1oz0.png Fig. 3 Rise of SARS-CoV-2 variants in New York City (NYC) in late 2020 and early 2021. a Daily frequency (points) and logistic regression trendline for B.1.1.7 (green line), B.1.526 (including B.1.526.2; purple line), B.1.526.1 (orange line), Other (all other sampled SARS-CoV-2 genomes; gray line). Also https://scispace.com/papers/sars-cov-2-orf9b-antagonizes-type-i-and-iii-interferons-by-1tpv9lcg1p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sars-cov-2-orf9b-suppresses-tbk1-phosphorylation-a-2xbfd7ac.png Figure 5. SARS-CoV-2 ORF9b suppresses TBK1 phosphorylation. (a, b) HEK293T cells were transfected with RIG-IN (a) or MAVS (b) in the presence or absence of ORF9b for 24h. (c) HEK293T cells were transfected with TRIF in the presence or absence of ORF9b for 24h. (d) HEK293T cells were transfected with STING in the presence or absence of ORF9b for 24h. The cells were further stimulated with transfection of 2'3'-cGAMP for 8h. The transfected or stimulated cells were lysed and subjected to immunoblot analysis with the indicated antibodies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sars-cov-2-orf9b-suppresses-the-sev-or-poly-i-c-2zw946np.png Figure 1. SARS-CoV-2 ORF9b suppresses the SeV- or poly (I:C)-induced IFN-β, IFN-λ1, ISG56, and CLXL10 production. Plasmids of pcDNA6B empty vector (500 ng) or SCV2-ORF9b (500 ng) were transfected into HEK-293T cells, 24 hours later, cells were infected with SeV infection or transfected with poly (I:C) transfection as indicated. At 9 and 12 hours after stimulation, the expression of IFN-β, IFN-λ1, ISG56, and CLXL10 in these cells was determined by RT-qPCR analysis. The results of one representative experiment was shown to represent three independent biological replicates. Error bars indicate SEM. empty vector: E.V; SARS-CoV-2 ORF9b: SCV2-ORF9b; hours: hrs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sars-cov-2-orf9b-interacts-with-rig-i-mavs-and-tbk1-333hbnx4.png Figure 4. SARS-CoV-2 ORF9b interacts with RIG-I, MAVS, and TBK1 but not with IRF3. HEK293T cells were transfected with the indicated plasmids for 24h before co-immunoprecipitation by the indicated antibody-conjugated beads. The input and immunoprecipitates were reacted with the indicated antibodies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-overexpression-of-sars-cov-2-orf9b-impairs-tbk1-vllz77fy.png Figure 7 Overexpression of SARS-CoV-2 ORF9b impairs TBK1-dependent antiviral immunity. Plasmids were transfected into HEK-293 cells as indicated, 24 hours after transfection, the cells were infected with VSV-eGFP (MOI=0.001). Ten hours after infection, the GFP-positive cells were observed (a), and the culture supernatant (20 hours post-infection) was harvested for plaque assays to measure the titer of extracellular VSV-eGFP (b). Fluorescent imaging results are representative of two independent experiments. Scale bar, 50 μm. In panel b, the results of one representative experiment are shown, three independent biological replicates were analyzed, and the error bars indicate SEM. The statistical significance is shown as indicated. Empty vector, E.V.; SARS-CoV-2 ORF9b, SCV2-ORF9b. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sars-cov-2-orf9b-inhibits-the-activation-of-2e72oxvf.png Figure 2. SARS-CoV-2 ORF9b inhibits the activation of luciferase reporters of type I and III IFNs and ISGs. Plasmids of RIG-IN (100 ng, an active form of RIG-I), MDA-5 (100 ng), TBK1 (100 ng), IKKε (100 ng), IRF3-5D (100 ng, an active form of IRF3), TRIF (100 ng, the adaptor of TLR3-TRIF pathway), or STING (100 ng, the adaptor of cGAS-STING pathway) were transfected alone or together with a plasmid expressing SARS-CoV-2 ORF9b into HEK-293T cells culture in 48-well plate as indicated. pRL-TK (5 ng) was also co-transfected to each well as an internal control. pcDNA6 empty vector was used to balance the total amount of plasmid DNA transfected into each well. Dual‐luciferase assays were performed 36 h after transfection. Error bars indicate SEM. empty vector: E.V; SARS-CoV-2 ORF9b: SCV2-ORF9b. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sars-cov-2-orf9b-suppressed-irf3-phosphorylation-1z3m4dua.png Figure 6 SARS-CoV-2 ORF9b suppressed IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. (a) HeLa cells were seeded on 12 well coverslips (5*10^4 cells per well) one day before transfection. HeLa cells were further subjected to infection by SeV after transfection with the Myc vector plasmid or Myc-ORF9b plasmids for 20 h. Following infection for 8h, the slides were harvested and processed for immunofluorescence staining with mouse anti-Myc antibody and rabbit anti-IRF3 antibody. (b) Quantification of the percentage of IRF3 in the nucleus upon SeV infection. IRF3 localization from 50 cells within each group was counted and calculated before and after SeV infection. (c) SARS-CoV-2 ORF9b protein affects the phosphorylation of IRF3 upon SeV infection. HeLa cells seeded on 6 well plates (5*10^5 cells per well) were transfected with the Myc vector plasmid or Myc-ORF9b plasmid for 20 h before infection with SeV. At the indicated time points, cells were scraped and processed for immunoblotting with the indicated antibodies. SARS-CoV-2 ORF9b protein, ORF9b. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-c-subcellular-localization-of-sars-cov-2-orf9b-bh685brd.png Figure 3. (a-c) Subcellular localization of SARS-CoV-2 ORF9b. HeLa cells seeded on 12 well coverslips were transfected with the indicated plasmids. After transfection for 20 h, HeLa cells were subject to immunofluorescence staining with mouse anti-Myc antibody and the rabbit antibodies against the corresponding organelle marker. Scale bar, 10 μm. (d) Relative localization of SARS-CoV-2 ORF9b protein with signaling molecules, including RIG-I, MDA5, MAVS, TBK1, TRIF, and STING. The seeding and transfection of HeLa cells were performed as same as in A). After transfection, ORF9b was stained with a rabbit anti-Myc antibody, and the signaling molecules were reacted with mouse antibodies against the indicated tags. Scale bar, 10 μm. TOM20, Mitochondria marker; Calnerxin, ER marker; GM130, Golgi marker. SARS-CoV-2 ORF9b protein, ORF9b. https://scispace.com/papers/sars-cov-2-pres-dtm-vaccine-booster-candidates-increase-t4ug4eg73i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2jm09q5i.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2m3liref.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-l0pgrrsn.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/sars-cov-2-r-1-lineage-variants-prevailed-in-tokyo-in-march-19hqecycen 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-cases-by-each-variant-type-determined-by-3cxc255g.png FIGURE 1. Number of cases by each variant type determined by PCR-based melting curve analysis (A) and copy numbers of viral RNA in swab-soaked samples showing 501N, 501Y, 484E, 484K types and samples of which types could not be determined (B). ND, not determined. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-parameters-of-cases-showing-501n-484e-and-28q7mpaf.png TABLE 1 Clinical parameters of cases showing 501N+484E and 501N+484K types https://scispace.com/papers/sars-cov-2-seroprevalence-across-a-diverse-cohort-of-2gcx5j0nhd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-potential-covid-illness-exposure-related-factors-3c57rvhv.png Figure 3. Potential COVID Illness Exposure Related Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-potential-covid-illness-response-factors-associated-1fgz4tra.png Figure 4. Potential COVID Illness Response Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-factors-associated-with-sars-cov-2-prekonvq.png Figure 5. Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-seroprevalence-overall-and-by-subgroup-3mjnax46.png Figure 1. Seroprevalence Overall and by Subgroup https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-study-sample-2qis9n8p.png Table 1. Characteristics of the Study Sample https://scispace.com/papers/sars-cov-2-seropositivity-and-seroconversion-in-patients-bjhl1g7urc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-swimmers-plot-time-under-observation-for-2h0mw904.png Figure 1. Swimmers Plot: Time under observation for seroconversion in patients with at https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-study-subjects-125ukf9y.png Table 1. Study Subjects https://scispace.com/papers/sars-cov-2-specific-humoral-and-cell-mediated-immune-48c8itl5ry 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sars-cov-2-specific-t-cell-responses-assessed-by-the-i3gkcpy7.png Table 3. SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses assessed by the IFN-γ ELISpot assay in KT 432 recipients and non-transplant controls vaccinated with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine 433 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sars-cov-2-specific-ifn-g-producing-t-cell-ic2smv5y.png Figure 3. SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ-producing T-cell responses reactive to the S1 protein, S2N 402 protein, and the SMNO protein responses detected by IFN-γ ELISpot assay before vaccination, 4 403 weeks post-first dose and 2 weeks post-second dose in KT recipients. * P value < 0.05. 404 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-two-representative-kt-recipients-without-a-and-with-el981hck.png Figure 4. Two representative KT recipients without (A) and with (B) SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ-410 producing T-cell responses to the S1 protein, S2N protein, and the SMNO protein detected by 411 IFN-γ ELISpot assay at 2 weeks post-second dose of inactivate COVID-19 vaccine. The number in 412 the upper left corner of each well indicates the number of spot-forming units in each well. 413 Positive and negative results were defined according to the manufacturer's recommendations. 414 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-characteristics-of-kt-recipients-n-35-422-3w1gsg96.png Table 1. Clinical characteristics of KT recipients (n=35) 422 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-prevalence-of-sars-cov-2-rbd-specific-igg-2js9mkbk.png Figure 1. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific IgG antibody titer before, 4 weeks post-378 first dose and 2 weeks post-second dose in non-transplant controls and KT recipients. * P value 379 < 0.05. 380 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sars-cov-2-specific-hmi-responses-represented-by-tgz9a3ja.png Table 2. SARS-CoV-2-specific HMI responses represented by anti-RBD IgG in KT recipients and 425 non-transplant controls vaccinated with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine 426 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-prevalence-of-surrogate-virus-neutralization-33tfj0oh.png Figure 2. The prevalence of surrogate virus neutralization antibody inhibition at 2 weeks post-390 second dose in non-transplant controls and kidney transplant recipients. * P value < 0.05. 391 https://scispace.com/papers/sars-cov-2-spike-protein-impairs-endothelial-function-via-c7uo4vplbw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1ysq3s9e.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/sars-cov-2-variant-evolution-in-the-united-states-high-5eendj0ru7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-predominant-mutations-detected-in-sars-1ho1rysc.png Table 2. Summary of predominant mutations detected in SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Summary 208 information includes: nucleotide change in position vs. the reference genome, ORF and protein 209 amino acid change, related protein and function that the recoding effect may affect and the 210 percentage frequency (% number of sequences found in). The genomic variants presented in 211 this table are the ones found in more than 10% of the sequences and annotated in figure 2A. 212 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nucleotide-substitution-ratios-of-synonymous-to-non-36gqe7be.png Table 1. Nucleotide substitution ratios of synonymous to non-synonymous changes among 173 transtitions, G-to-A, A-to-G, C-to-U, U-to-C. 174 https://scispace.com/papers/sat-based-verification-of-safe-petri-nets-51px5c4lix 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-t-s-s-2d9fj5xa.png Fig. 3. T (S, S′) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-problem-instances-27h6q0r2.png Table 1. Problem Instances. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-algorithm-for-ordering-transitions-9l58dbbo.png Fig. 4. Algorithm for ordering transitions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-petri-net-2c7xq4y2.png Fig. 1. A Petri net. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-reachability-graph-me6brad4.png Fig. 2. Reachability graph. https://scispace.com/papers/sars-cov-2-variant-under-investigation-202012-01-has-more-13uk0ia9l3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-replicative-advantage-of-the-voc-20a-eu1-and-31mz8zx0.png Figure 2: The replicative advantage of the VOC, 20A.EU1, and the D614G strain. (A) The ratio of the VOC to 20A.EU1 sequences collected in weeks 38–51 of 2020 in England. The trend line is fitted to data points from weeks 43–51 (blue) and from weeks 43–47 (red). The weekly growth rate is 1.88 [95% CI: 1.75–2.01] for weeks 43–51 and 2.24 [95% CI: 2.03–2.48] for weeks 43–47. (B) Stabilization of fits shown in panel A with time-shifting date of the last submission. (C) The ratio of the 20A.EU1 to non-20A.EU1 non-VOC D614G genomes collected in weeks 29–51 of 2020 in England. The trend line is fitted to data points from weeks 34–45. The weekly growth rate is 1.25 [95% CI: 1.23–1.28]. (D) The ratio of the D614G to D614 genomes collected in weeks 11–27 of 2020 in England. The trend line is fitted to data points from weeks 11–24. The weekly growth rate is 1.44 [95% CI: 1.40–1.48]. Data points for selected weeks are labeled with ratios of the counts of genome sequences. Panels A, C, and D are based on GISAID data submitted till February 12, 2021 (provided in supplementary Data File S1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-replicative-advantage-of-the-voc-in-denmark-xpg3u1ri.png Figure 3: The replicative advantage of the VOC in Denmark, Scotland, Wales, and USA. (A) The ratio of the VOC to the 20A.EU1 sequences collected in Denmark. The trend line is fitted to data points from week 50 of 2020 to week 4 of 2021. (B) The ratio of the VOC to 20A.EU1 sequences collected in Scotland. The trend line is fitted to data points from weeks 50 of 2020 to week 4 of 2021. (C) The ratio of the VOC to 20A.EU1 sequences collected in Wales. The trend line is fitted to data points from week 50 of 2020 to week 4 of 2021. (D) The ratio of the VOC to non-VOC sequences collected in USA. The trend line is fitted to data points from week 51 of 2020 to week 3 of 2021. Data points are labeled with ratios of the counts of genome sequences. The weekly growth rates and respective confidence intervals are given in each panel. All panels are based on GISAID data submitted till February 17, 2021 (provided in supplementary Data File S1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-replicative-advantage-of-the-spike-l18f-3bfyeada.png Figure 7: The replicative advantage of the spike L18F substrain in relation to the L18 VOC strains. The ratio vL of the number of VOC genomes conferring spike L18F mutation to the number of non-mutated (L18) VOC genomes collected in the period between week 49 of 2020 and week 3 of 2021 in England. Data aggregated into weeks indicated that vL changes from 7:2887 = 0.0024 in week 50 of 2020 to 329:8049 = 0.041 in the second week of 2021, i.e., 16.9 times, meaning that vL increases 16.91/5 = 1.76-fold per week. The trend line is fitted to data points shown as filled circles. The weekly growth rate of the ratio is 1.75. The 95% CI calculated as 1.96 × standard error of the slope is [1.66–1.85]; the 95% CrI calculated assuming binomial distribution of substrain genomes is [1.59–2.07]. Data points in week 50 of 2020 and week 2 of 2021 are labeled with ratios of the counts of both types of genome sequences. The figure is based on GISAID data submitted until February 12, 2021 (provided in supplementary Data File S1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-growth-of-voc-substrains-with-respect-the-whole-19sp6skm.png Figure 6: The growth of VOC substrains with respect the whole VOC strain. The figure is based on spike protein sequences from genomes collected in England and submitted to GISAID till February 12, 2021. The growth of the whole VOC strain (red line) in the time span between t and t0 = February 12, 2021 is calculated as VOC(t0)/VOC(t), i.e., the ratio of the number of the VOC genomes collected till February 12, 2021 and the number of VOC genomes collected till t (date given on horizontal axis). Disks denote VOC substrains defined by particular mutations (with at least 30 genomes submitted); horizontal axis value for each circle is the date of first collection of a sequence with a given mutation; vertical axis value is the number of genomes collected till February 12, 2021, conferring a given mutation. Red, orange, and green circles denote substrains with leading mutation in respectively in RBD, NTD, and signal peptide; black circles denote mutations in other domains. Selected substrains that may have replicative advantage and all substrains with the leading mutation in RBD are annotated. Detailed data that were analyzed to prepare this figure are provided in supplementary Data File S1 (sheet 'Mutations'). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mutations-in-spike-protein-in-the-voc-lineage-in-3rlwe89s.png Figure 5: Mutations in spike protein in the VOC lineage in England in relation to the first VOC genome collected in September 20, 2020 (GISAID sequence accession ID: EPI_ISL_601443): (A) Dots denote genomes collected in a given date (horizontal axis) with a respective number of novel (amino acid-level) mutations in relation to the first VOC genome (vertical axis). The number of the genomes with a given number of novel mutations is provided as gray numbers next to a brace. (B) The average number of novel (amino-acid level) mutations in a VOC lineage sequence (weekly average). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fraction-of-voc-genomes-in-countries-that-in-january-2kvb11dy.png Table 1: Fraction of VOC genomes in countries that in January 2021 reported more than 50 genomes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fixation-of-d614g-strain-and-competition-between-2opxrprp.png Figure 1: Fixation of D614G strain and competition between its substrains: 20A.EU1 and the VOC in England. The proportion of D614G (orange), 20A.EU1 (cyan), VOC (magenta) and D614 strains (black) in weeks 10–53 of 2020 has been determined based on GISAID data available on February 12, 2021 (provided in supplementary Data File S1). https://scispace.com/papers/satellite-data-networks-kh46kn76zn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-example-of-the-duplex-traffic-graphg-and-b-simplex-3jibaxxm.png Fig. 2. (a) Example of the duplex traffic graphG and (b) simplex traffic graph G corresponding to uniform traffic between N = 5 nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-complete-graph-corresponding-to-a-uniform-traffic-1rvd5ed7.png Fig. 3. Complete graph corresponding to a uniform traffic requirement of one circuit between all nodes. The indicated edge coloring corresponds to the slot assignment given in Table III. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-time-slot-assignment-usingw-5-wavelengths-1gmfd7px.png TABLE IX TIME-SLOT ASSIGNMENT USINGW = 5 WAVELENGTHS https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-time-slot-assignment-using-six-wavelengths-3gtxc3ul.png TABLE VIII TIME-SLOT ASSIGNMENT USING SIX WAVELENGTHS https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-edge-coloring-for-uniform-traffic-3lhqryoc.png TABLE VII EDGE COLORING FOR UNIFORM TRAFFIC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-number-of-ports-for-t-allowable-traffic-versus-t-for-186cwucy.png Fig. 12. Number of ports for t-allowable traffic versus t for ring with N = 15 and g = 16. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-number-of-ports-for-t-allowable-traffic-versus-t-for-1ttl447a.png Fig. 13. Number of ports for t-allowable traffic versus t for ring with N = 8 and g = 16. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-optimal-assignment-for-fixed-tuned-transceivers-3eo00pcw.png TABLE II OPTIMAL ASSIGNMENT FOR FIXED TUNED TRANSCEIVERS https://scispace.com/papers/satellite-estimation-of-chlorophyll-a-concentration-using-4ddn4iuclp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-reflectance-spectra-from-stations-with-chl-a-3j1j969l.png Fig. 1. Reflectance spectra from stations with chl-a concentrations between 23 and 26 mg · m−3. The spectrum shown as a dashed line has a distinct lack of spectral features in the red and NIR regions, in contrast to the rest of the spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-reflectance-spectra-of-two-stations-retrieved-using-a-2659vwdc.png Fig. 4. Reflectance spectra of two stations retrieved using (a) the Bright Pixel Atmospheric Correction procedure and (b) the Case 2 Regional Processing: The spectral features in the red and NIR regions are better pronounced in proportion to the increase in chl-a concentration in the reflectance spectra from the Bright Pixel Atmospheric Correction procedure than those from the Case 2 Regional Processing method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-in-situ-chl-a-concentrations-versus-a-the-three-band-1he3aive.png Fig. 5. In situ chl-a concentrations versus (a) the three-band and (b) the two-band NIR–red MERIS model values for the Case 2 Regional Processing method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-validation-of-the-meris-nir-red-algorithms-pw32ez4t.png Fig. 3. Validation of the MERIS NIR–red algorithms: Relationships between the chl-a concentrations measured in situ and estimated by (a) the three-band and (b) the two-band MERIS algorithms for the Bright Pixel Atmospheric Correction procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-calibration-of-a-the-three-band-and-b-the-two-band-3dea6rc3.png Fig. 2. Calibration of (a) the three-band and (b) the two-band models for the Bright Pixel Atmospheric Correction procedure. https://scispace.com/papers/satellite-retrievals-of-dust-aerosol-over-the-red-sea-2005-pgfufrxvf2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-monthly-mean-dust-mass-transport-by-1-latitude-band-27of643b.png Figure 5. Monthly mean dust mass transport by 1◦ latitude band in the Red Sea, integrated over segments of the atmospheric column. Colours represent individual months, the solid lines represent 2007, and the dashed lines represent 2009. Panel (a) indicates eastward dust flux, from Africa, at 2–15 km altitude; (b) westward dust flux, from the Arabian Peninsula, 2–15 km; (c) eastward dust flux, 0– 2 km altitude; (d) westward dust flux, 0–2 km. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-scatterplots-of-misr-aod-against-seviri-and-modis-36q5zv68.png Figure 9. Scatterplots of MISR AOD against SEVIRI and MODIS AODs over the Red Sea (2008–2011). Points are colour coded by month. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-validation-statistics-between-aods-at-630-nm-from-2kfrcg93.png Table 1. Validation statistics between AODs at 630 nm from ship cruise data and from AERONET at KAUST and at Abu Al Bukhoosh against SEVIRI and MODIS. Sunphotometer mean AODs include the associated standard deviations. Biases are satellite retrieval AOD – AERONET AOD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-density-plots-of-modis-aod-against-seviri-aod-over-2cuomz5d.png Figure 8. Density plots of MODIS AOD against SEVIRI AOD over the Red Sea (2005–2015). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-the-middle-eastern-domain-of-interest-on-the-jdk5ghnh.png Figure 1. Map of the Middle Eastern domain of interest on the SEVIRI projection: the KAUST AERONET site on the Red Sea coast is marked as a red spot, as is the Abu Al Bukhoosh site in the Persian Gulf. The colour contours represent the surface elevation (as developed by the EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility for Nowcasting; MétéoFrance, 2013). Elevation data are truncated at the 70◦ viewing zenith angle contour. Note also the increasing curvature of the SEVIRI projection towards the northeast of the field of view. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-statistics-between-fine-and-coarse-mode-3jknh9lu.png Table 2. Comparison statistics between fine- and coarse-mode AERONET and MODIS AODs at 500 nm, at KAUST and at Abu Al Bukhoosh. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-satellite-retrieval-comparisons-against-l2-aeronet-lu657la6.png Figure 6. Satellite retrieval comparisons against L2 AERONET AODs measured at the KAUST campus (2012–2015) and Abu Al Bukhoosh (2006–2008) at a wavelength of 630 nm. Colours represent scattering angles to the satellite instruments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-series-of-monthly-average-aod-at-630-nm-from-2r30p6k3.png Figure 2. Time series of monthly average AOD at 630 nm from SEVIRI in the Red Sea. Colours represent individual years, and south and north are divided by the line of 20◦ N. https://scispace.com/papers/satellite-sampling-and-retrieval-errors-in-regional-monthly-43agfdezbo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-geographical-distribution-of-retrieval-errors-for-1dbrldly.png Fig 18 Geographical distribution of retrieval errors for MELB in mm day-1 considered for the entire study period (2003-2008). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-diurnal-rain-climatology-for-kwaj-and-melb-estimated-3pyzj2ek.png Fig 5 Diurnal rain climatology for KWAJ and MELB estimated for the six-year study period using the TRMM rain products (TMI, PR and COM). The four panels compare rain profiles for S0, RS and R0. Each profile has been normalized based on the total rainfall over the 24-hour period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-top-half-the-figure-a-illustrates-the-process-of-12pat7da.png Fig. 1. The top half the figure a) illustrates the process of discrete temporal sampling. The left side of 1a) represents the entire spatio-temporal domain of the sampled region A. The right side of 1a) shows the sequence of discrete snapshots collected at overpasses separated by time intervals, Δt. The lower half of the figure 1b) illustrates the retrieval process for the TRMM satellite. The TMI and PR retrieve rainfall information from area A for the region defined by the swath of each sensor. The footprint of each sensor subsequently determines the resolution of the measurement. Although the TMI and PR both obtain snapshots of A at Δt, the PR incurs larger sampling errors due to differences in the area of the swath. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-annual-rain-climatology-for-kwaj-inferred-from-six-1n8zpwkc.png Fig 6 Annual rain climatology for KWAJ inferred from six-year study period for (a) TMI, (b) PR, (c) COM, (d) F13, (e) F14, (f) F15, (e) AMSR, (i) N15 and (j) N17. Each panel provides profiles for S0, RS and R0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-scatter-plots-for-kwaj-computed-at-0-25deg-inter-6tk972in.png Fig 10 Scatter plots for KWAJ computed at 0.25° inter-comparing S0 and RS monthly estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-scatter-plots-for-melb-computed-at-0-25deg-inter-2z79govr.png Fig 9 Scatter plots for MELB computed at 0.25° inter-comparing RS and R0 monthly estimates land (solid line, open circles), ocean (dash-dot line, triangles) and coast (dashed line, plus sign) cases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-geographical-distribution-of-retrieval-biases-for-bhykvhbs.png Fig 19 Geographical distribution of retrieval biases for MELB considered for the entire study period (2003-2008). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-geographical-distribution-of-sampling-errors-for-melb-3vw99boy.png Fig 14 Geographical distribution of sampling errors for MELB in mm day-1 considered for the entire study period (2003-2008). https://scispace.com/papers/satisfaction-across-urban-consumers-of-smallholder-produced-3dwarb10q7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-results-of-kendalls-concordance-test-on-motivation-k25tkszl.png Table 7. Results of Kendall’s concordance test on motivation ranking within teak pole consumer segments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hierarchical-ascending-cluster-showing-the-consumer-37b35r3s.png Fig. 2. Hierarchical ascending cluster showing the consumer segments. The vertical line shows the cluster selection used. 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent clusters’ numbering. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-diameter-unit-retail-price-and-consumption-forms-of-nnigr1hw.png Table 1. Diameter, unit retail price, and consumption forms of smallholder-produced teak pole in South Benin. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-socio-demographic-characteristics-of-teak-pole-3eaes4tx.png Table 3. Socio-demographic characteristics of teak pole consumers per market segment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-motivations-across-smallholder-produced-teak-pole-lhbb7yoq.png Table 6. Motivations across smallholder-produced teak pole consumer segments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-gap-analysis-of-the-satisfaction-level-across-teak-bup18i0r.png Table 8. Gap analysis of the satisfaction level across teak pole consumer segments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-quantity-of-teak-pole-purchased-and-average-l45d0am2.png Table 5. Average quantity of teak pole purchased and average expenditure for the last consumption, per consumer segment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-respondents-per-consumption-form-14z8jjsp.png Table 2. Percentage of respondents per consumption form across consumer segments. https://scispace.com/papers/satisficing-versus-optimality-criteria-for-sustainability-3oxb44hk99 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stochastic-viability-kernels-viabb-t0-b-0-2-0-4-0-6-b1x2r5z6.png Figure 1: Stochastic viability kernels Viabβ(t0) (β = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 0.9) for the hake-anchovy fisheries model (17) with the viability constraints (25) and (26) https://scispace.com/papers/saturated-control-of-time-varying-formations-and-trajectory-24kvcdcgey 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimentally-measured-tracking-errors-ex-i-ey-i-e-i-1m44pzmk.png Fig. 2. Experimentally measured tracking errors (ex,i, ey,i, e,i ) and errors in keeping the formation i,j; the vertical dashed lines identify finishing of transients of the formation errors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-reference-solid-and-actual-dotted-robot-paths-in-the-1sods8ku.png Fig. 1. Reference (solid) and actual (dotted) robot paths in the experiment; the initial and terminal positions are coinciding and are indicated with ‘’. https://scispace.com/papers/satisfiability-algorithm-for-syntactic-read-k-times-4ki9rilego 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-syntactic-read-twice-branching-program-11e793cf.png Figure 1 Syntactic read-twice branching program. https://scispace.com/papers/saturation-in-cascaded-optical-amplifier-free-space-optical-4oqgp0iazd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-ber-at-different-oa-positions-in-a-cascaded-oa-2dxwdyt6.png Fig. 5 Average BER at different OA positions in a cascaded OA FSO link. Arrow indicates that the next data point is effectively zero. a Adaptive decision threshold b Non-adaptive decision threshold https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-average-ber-against-per-oa-section-rytov-variance-in-a-1tw82lwe.png Fig. 7 Average BER against per OA section Rytov variance in a cascaded OA FSO link. Arrows indicate that the next data point is effectively zero. a Adaptive decision threshold b Non-adaptive decision threshold https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-cascaded-oa-fso-communication-system-model-1le309nn.png Fig. 2 A cascaded OA FSO communication system model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-ber-against-average-received-power-for-1brdgy5h.png Fig. 3 Average BER against average received power for different turbulence regimes in a single FSO link. a Non-amplified receiver and fixed gain preamplified receiver - Adaptive decision threshold b Non-amplified receiver and saturated gain preamplified receiver – Non-adaptive decision threshold c Adaptive and non-adaptive decision threshold - Fixed gain preamplified receiver d Fixed and saturated gain preamplified receiver - Non-adaptive decision threshold Fig. 3 shows the BER curves for different turbulence regimes in a single FSO link. In Fig. 3a, the advantage of including a preamplifier at the receiver is shown as the BER curves for a fixed gain preamplified receiver and a non-amplified receiver has a power difference of around 18 dB at a target https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-ber-against-accumulated-nt-l-in-a-cascaded-oa-12c596ry.png Fig. 6 Average BER against accumulated nt L in a cascaded OA FSO link. Arrows indicate that the next data point is effectively zero. a Adaptive decision threshold b Non-adaptive decision threshold https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-used-for-the-numerical-analysis-and-mc-173byzzm.png Table 1 Parameters used for the numerical analysis and MC simulations https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mapping-nt-l-and-2-r-per-section-into-specific-3n3pv5vj.png Table 3 Mapping nt L and 2 R per section into specific design parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-average-ber-against-distance-in-a-cascaded-oa-fso-link-3cpndlrz.png Fig. 8 Average BER against distance in a cascaded OA FSO link. Arrows indicate that the next data point is effectively zero. a Adaptive decision threshold b Non-adaptive decision threshold The BER curves in Fig. 8 shows the possibility of extending reach in FSO communication systems with an OA cascade while assuming the use of the design parameters in Table 3. In Fig. 8a where an https://scispace.com/papers/saturation-and-bistability-of-defect-mode-intersubband-1u2ihtm7h2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-spectra-of-a-broadband-ultrafast-1vp6dr8v.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) Spectra of a broadband ultrafast midinfrared pulse (E ∈ [130,170] meV) transmitted through the defectmode photonic crystal sample with NBragg = 2. Similar traces are obtained for the NBragg = 4,6 samples. The dotted traces correspond to experimental data, while the red traces are obtained by fitting through rigorous coupled-wave analysis; a constant offset has been applied for clarity. (b) Dots: surface charge difference extracted from the spectra as in (a), and theoretical trend obtained by the rate-equation model (line). No appreciable dependence upon the number of Bragg periods is observed. (c) Saturation dynamics predicted by the rate-equation model for a narrowband excitation (i.e., E 145 meV. A sudden threshold is now observed, evolving in a bistability loop for large NBragg’s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-transmittance-curves-of-defect-mode-uh4xu3zr.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Transmittance curves of defect-mode photonic crystals, with active (doped) or inactive (undoped) quantum wells (QWs). Dashed lines: bare photonic resonances (undoped QWs); solid lines, polaritonic resonances observed when the QWs are doped. The lines in the top panels are obtained from a rigorous coupled wave analysis method, while those in the bottom panels follow from a coupled-mode theory model. Samples with different NBragg result in different quality factors Q of the photonic mode, and in different contrasts of the polaritonic features. Black dots in the upper panels are experimental data measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; the experiment only concerned a sample with doped quantum wells. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematics-of-the-photonic-crystal-sample-16szi3fv.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Schematics of the photonic crystal sample embedding a multiquantum well structure. The conduction band profile Vc and the electronic energy sublevels are sketched on the left. When excited at resonance, the defectlike photonic mode has a field distribution with a maximum below the central stripe in the supercell. The plotted field component is |Ez|2; this interacts with the intersubband polarization eventually leading to defect-mode intersubband polaritons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-graphical-interpretation-of-saturation-2sbyo0va.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Graphical interpretation of saturation and bistability mechanism, from coupled-mode theory and rate-equation models. (a) Absorbance spectrum of the photonic cavity as a function of the quantum well charge difference n. There always exists a n such that A(ω0) = 1/2; this is the weak critical coupling condition usually expressed in terms of Rabi splitting and damping rates as 2 = γcγ12 (where ∝ √ n). (b) Graphical solution of Eq. (2), at ω = ω0. Saturation and bistability occur in the region of weak critical coupling. (c) Saturation and bistability as a crossover between weak and strong coupling, represented on the coupled-mode theory phase diagram. For fixed cavity and transition damping rates, the incident intensity drives the system’s working point along the dotted line, across the weak critical coupling. https://scispace.com/papers/saturation-mapping-of-regions-determining-resistance-to-5gbwieol53 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-role-of-ga-in-the-induction-of-flowering-during-3g6lsvun.png Figure 4. The role of GA in the induction of flowering during vernalization. A to D, Effects of PAC treatment on flowering. Wildtype plants were grown for 5 weeks in LD and then vernalized for 8 or 12 weeks. During vernalization, plants were treated once per week with PAC or mock (see “Materials and Methods”), and flowering-related traits were scored. A, Percentage of flowering plants after 8 or 12 weeks of vernalization (n $ 45 grown in two independent biological replicates). B, Time after a 12-week vernalization treatment until the first flower opened (n $ 79 grown in four independent biological replicates). C, Number of individual siliques formed on the main inflorescence after a 12-week vernalization (does not include siliques on inflorescence branches; n $ 55 grown in three independent biological replicates). D, Number of flowering side branches after a 12-week vernalization (n $ 38 grown in two independent biological replicates). All error bars represent SE. E to J, Effects of the KNAT1::GA2OX7 transgene on flowering. Data are shown for three independent transformants compared with wild-type (Wt) Pajares. Plants were grown for 8 weeks in LD and then vernalized for 8, 12, or 16 weeks. Different flowering-related traits were measured. E, Percentage of flowering plants after different vernalization times. F, Time after vernalization until the first flower opened. G, Shoots that contained open flowers. Data are shown for each genotype after 8, 12, or 16 weeks of vernalization. Genotypes are shown using the same color code as for E. Solid portion of each column, Plants that flowered first on the main shoot; stippled portion of each column, plants that flowered first on a side branch and later on the main shoot; unfilled portion of each column, plants that only flowered on side branches and not on themain shoot. H, Number of individual siliques on themain inflorescence (does not include siliques on inflorescence branches). I, Number of flowering branches on themain inflorescence. J, Number of flowering side branches. Experiments were performed in at least two biological replicates (total n5 33). All error bars represent SE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effects-of-pep1-and-vernalization-on-the-expression-3n5bzcj3.png Figure 6. Effects of PEP1 and vernalization on the expression of GA-related genes. RT-qPCR expression analysis is shown for genes involved in the GA pathway during vernalization in pep1-1 versus wild-type (Wt) plants. Plants were grown for 5 weeks in LD, then transferred to 4°C for 12 weeks or kept under control conditions (SD; 21°C), and then shifted back to LD. Apical samples were taken at Zeitgeber time 8 (ZT8). Data are shown as means6 SE (n5 2 biological replicates). Expression was normalized to PP2A. Significance was tested using ANOVA. On the x axis, 5LD indicates plants grown for 5 weeks in LD before vernalization, numbers represent weeks in vernalization, and 1AV represents plants grown for 1 week after vernalization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pep1-binds-and-regulates-genes-involved-in-1jmycear.png Figure 1. PEP1 binds and regulates genes involved in GAmetabolism and signaling. A, List of GA-related genes that were bound or regulated by PEP1. This list includes all genes that were targeted by PEP1 (directly or indirectly as detected by Mateos et al. [2017]) and involved in GA metabolism or direct targets that are part of the Gene Ontology category GO:0009739: response to GA stimulus and have a confirmed function inGA signaling or have a published role in the response toGA. Binding information of FLC was gained in three previous studies (Deng et al., 2011; Mateos et al., 2015, 2017). For genes that were differentially regulated in apices of the pep1mutant, the log2 (fold change) and P values are given. *, The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)seq study detected weak binding of PEP1 to GA2OX2 but read enrichment was below the significance threshold. ChIP-qPCR results shown in Supplemental Figure S1, however, suggest thatGA2OX2 is a significant target of PEP1. B, Heat map showing the conservation of CArG-boxes in different species. The heat map includes orthologous regions for A. alpina PEP1 BSs associated with GA-related genes in other species. The color code is as follows: dark blue, CArG-box is conserved; light blue, CArG-box is present but sequence varies fromA. alpina; dark red, CArG-box is not conserved; andwhite, no orthologous regionwas identified. Species are as follows: Arabis montbretiana (Am), Arabidopsis (At), Arabidopsis lyrata (Al), Aethionema arabicum (Ae), and Tarenaya hassleriana (Th). C, Schematic overview of the different steps of the GA pathway. The middle row shows key enzymes involved in each step, and the bottom row lists genes that are targeted by PEP1 in each step. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effects-of-pep1-and-vernalization-on-levels-of-3gsz4kim.png Figure 7. Effects of PEP1 and vernalization on levels of active GA. Levels of active GAs in apices of pep1-1 and wild-type (Wt) plants are shown. Plants were grown for 5 weeks in LD, then transferred to 4°C for 12 weeks or kept under control conditions (SD; 21°C), and then shifted back to LD. Apical samples were taken at ZT8. Data are shown as means6 SD (n5 3 biological replicates, except the wild type and pep11 at 5 weeks of LD, where n 5 2). Asterisks indicate significant differences between genotypes at the same time points (*, P# 0.05, Student’s t test). FW, Fresh weight. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effects-of-pep1-on-ga-signaling-a-plant-height-3o67y4lx.png Figure 3. Effects of PEP1 on GA signaling. A, Plant height after 6.5 weeks in LD. B, Plant diameter after 6 weeks in LD. pep1-1 and wild-type (Wt) plants were treated simultaneously with PAC to inhibit the synthesis of endogenous GA, and different concentrations of GA3 were applied once per week to investigate the effect of the genotype on the response to GA. Five independent biological replicates were used (total number of replicates after combining all biological replicates; n$ 60). All error bars represent SE. Letters indicate significantly different groups determined by two-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni t test method that were performed within genotypes and within treatments. Groups were defined as significantly different at P # 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ga-treatment-of-wild-type-wt-plants-mimics-the-3n7tp03w.png Figure 2. GA treatment of wild-type (Wt) plants mimics the effects of the pep1-1 mutation. Phenotypes of wild-type versus pep1-1 mutant plants upon GA/PAC treatment are shown. A, Hypocotyl length of plants grown for 11 d in LD (three independent biological replicates; n $ 38). B, Height of plants grown for 5 weeks in LD. GA/mock, Three independent biological replicates, n$ 33; PAC/mock, two independent biological replicates; n $ 32. C, Plant diameter. Plants were grown for 3 weeks in LD in two independent biological replicates (n $ 21). D, Chlorophyll content. Plants were grown for 6 weeks in LD, and measurements were performed on the seventh true leaf (three independent biological replicates; n$ 38). All error bars represent SE. For all phenotypes, n describes the total number of replicates after combining all biological replicates. Letters indicate significantly different groups determined by two-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni t test method that were performed within genotypes and within treatments. Groups were defined as significantly different at P # 0.05. https://scispace.com/papers/saturation-of-multiplexed-volume-bragg-grating-recording-9ugiahx6kk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-shapes-of-seven-saturation-curves-under-consideration-11ej9ra2.png Fig. 1. Shapes of seven saturation curves under consideration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-two-saturation-curves-eq-1-and-eq-3-b-spatial-1ac9xvhh.png Fig. 2. a) Two saturation curves Eq. (1) and Eq. (3); b) Spatial profile of refractive index change of recording 16 multiplexed gratings. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-peak-fourier-amplitudes-for-all-seven-functions-for-3lekmupq.png Table 2. Peak Fourier amplitudes for all seven functions for 𝑵 = 𝟏,𝟒,𝟖,𝟏𝟏,𝟑𝟑 and 𝟏𝟒 gratings in case of two-photon absorption. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-peak-fourier-amplitudes-for-all-seven-functions-for-2j9r4b8q.png Table 1. Peak Fourier amplitudes for all seven functions for 𝑵 = 𝟏,𝟒,𝟖,𝟏𝟏,𝟑𝟑 and 𝟏𝟒 gratings in case of one-photon absorption. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-same-graph-as-on-fig-7-but-for-the-case-of-two-photon-1y77wysr.png Fig. 8. Same graph as on Fig.7, but for the case of two-photon absorption. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-dependence-of-fourier-amplitude-of-32-gratings-on-2ctkg0uz.png Fig. 7. Dependence of Fourier amplitude 𝐹𝑗 of 𝑁 = 32 gratings on average exposure 𝑁𝑈1 for different laws of saturation in case of one-photon absorption. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-same-graph-as-on-fig-3-but-for-the-case-of-two-photon-5wbsku3r.png Fig. 4. Same graph as on Fig.3, but for the case of two-photon absorption. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dependence-of-fourier-amplitude-of-4-grating-on-36tdpanf.png Fig. 5. Dependence of Fourier amplitude 𝐹𝑗 of 𝑁 = 4 grating on average exposure 𝑁𝑈1 for various laws of saturation in case of one-photon absorption. https://scispace.com/papers/saturation-of-light-and-heavy-hole-exciton-energies-in-very-2rqpynu9nm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i-5-k-pl-dashed-lines-and-ple-continuous-lines-spectra-vfrqoveu.png FIG. I. 5-K PL (dashed lines) and PLE (continuous lines) spectra of a sample containing several QW's of diifering widths. The PL peaks and the lower-energy PLE peaks from each QW af e due to transitions involving ground-state heavy-hole excitons. The higher-energy PLE peaks in each case are due to light-hole excitons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-dih-erence-in-the-ground-state-energies-of-1m0t9gja.png FIG. 2. The diH'erence in the ground-state energies of heavyand light-hole excitons as a function of QW width. The open circles are the experimental values determined by PLE spectroscopy and the continuous line is the calculated dependence using the model described in the text. The vertical size of the circles is comparable to the experimental uncertainty. https://scispace.com/papers/sbacchiite-ca2alf7-a-new-fumarolic-mineral-from-the-vesuvius-1wbgfp8xkh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-single-crystal-diffraction-data-and-refinement-37ieugu6.png Table 3. Single-crystal diffraction data and refinement parameters for sbacchiite 286 287 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-view-of-the-crystal-structure-of-sbacchiite-along-1y90q6sb.png Figure 3. View of the crystal structure of sbacchiite along [100] 343 344 345 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-x-ray-powder-diffraction-data-for-sbacchiite-and-18jd1j0n.png Table 2. X-ray powder-diffraction data for sbacchiite and comparison with the synthetic analogue 278 279 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-environment-of-the-al-site-362-363-1c40me3d.png Figure 6. The environment of the Al site 362 363 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-bond-valence-analysis-for-sbacchiite-319-320-2w9254pq.png Table 6. Bond-valence analysis for sbacchiite. 319 320 https://scispace.com/papers/scaespy-a-tool-for-autoencoder-based-analysis-of-single-cell-363npufsd2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-setting-of-a-and-k-to-obtain-the-desired-ae-1wtsrtqu.png Table 1 Setting of α , , and K to obtain the desired AE https://scispace.com/papers/saving-logged-tropical-forests-closing-roads-will-bring-1v5uzm6h9e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-consequences-for-biodiversity-of-two-logging-2c4iz88o.png Figure 2. The consequences for biodiversity of two logging concession scenarios: (top) forests that are unmanaged with unrestricted access and (bottom) forests that are managed, including access restriction. https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-asynchronous-contact-mechanics-using-charm-50yumtxmba 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-overall-flow-of-acm-3dnkygzx.png Fig. 2: The overall flow of ACM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dynamic-changes-in-the-number-of-active-contacts-on-56-2vxpsbd8.png Fig. 1: Dynamic changes in the number of active contacts on 56 cores for a 30s simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-spent-on-narrow-phase-detection-using-different-up5ymq1n.png Fig. 5: Time spent on narrow phase detection using different strategies at 0.7 simulated second of the twister example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-timeline-profile-for-all-the-cores-on-the-same-node-36p0fnnc.png Fig. 6: Timeline profile for all the cores on the same node. These are runs on 128 cores for the twister example at 0.7s into the simulation. Yellow bars denote the time spent on penalty force computations while internal force computations are shown in green. White bars indicate idle time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-parallel-efficiency-for-tbb-and-charm-version-of-acm-39sfa9b2.png Fig. 11: Parallel efficiency for TBB and CHARM++ version of ACM. Parallel efficiency is measured as the ratio between the actual speedup and linear speedup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-time-taken-for-one-collision-window-of-the-twister-3bqgt0eh.png Fig. 10: Time taken for one collision window of the twister example on Edison at different times into the simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-performance-comparison-between-charm-and-tbb-versions-28wn2hz2.png Fig. 8: Performance comparison between CHARM++ and TBB versions of ACM. Benchmarks are from Ainsley et al. [3]. From left to right: bowline knot (3995 vertices, 5.0 s), reef knot (10642 vertices, 2.0 s), two cloths draped (15982 vertices, 3.95 s) and the short twister (99942 vertices, 3.0 s). Results for the CHARM++ version are obtained from both Edison and Brickland. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-utilization-before-and-after-the-optimization-2h4y3enx.png Fig. 7: Utilization before and after the optimization. https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-approximate-query-processing-with-the-dbo-engine-2hkbsa6rr1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-observed-95-interval-accuracy-over-100-independent-1qcztqfi.png Figure 8: Observed 95% interval accuracy over 100 independent query executions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-relative-confidence-interval-width-as-a-function-of-2pk8a6ki.png Figure 7: Relative confidence interval width as a function of time for the five test query plans. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-using-the-round-robin-method-seven-combinations-of-2vy6mwsg.png Figure 4: Using the round-robin method, seven combinations of runs are considered when relations R, S, and T (each broken into three runs) are sorted during the scan phase of a levelwise step. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-test-query-plans-1m9v1td1.png Figure 6: Test query plans. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-levelwise-query-evaluation-in-dbo-35axiijl.png Figure 1: Levelwise query evaluation in DBO. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scan-phase-of-a-levelwise-step-in-this-example-we-1n0nnl8p.png Figure 2: Scan phase of a levelwise step. In this example, we assume an SQL query having the where clause “WHERE R1.B = R2.C AND R2.E = R3.F AND R3.G = R4.H”, and we assume that the first levelwise step computes the joins R1 R2 and R3 R4. In the scan phase, a run from each input relation is first read into memory. In our example, we have enough memory to hold four tuples from each relation, and the in-memory tuples are shaded. Next, these runs are immediately searched for any tuples that match the final WHERE clause, and any such tuples are immediately used to estimate the answer to the query (a). Then, in round-robin fashion, in-memory runs are sorted based on a hash function associated with each join (H1 for R1 R2 and H2 for R3 R4) and written to disk; after a run is written to disk, it is immediately replenished with the next run from the appropriate input relation (b)-(e). At all times, any discovered tuples that match the final WHERE clause are used to help estimate the final query result. The process is repeated until all input relations have been broken into runs and sorted using the hash function (f). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-completion-time-of-dbo-vs-postgres-ma0erx1f.png Figure 9: Completion time of DBO vs. Postgres. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-merge-phase-of-a-levelwise-step-used-to-compute-247nphd6.png Figure 3: The merge phase of a levelwise step used to compute R12 R1 R2 and R34 R3 R4 for a query with the WHERE clause “WHERE R1.B = R2.C AND R2.E = R3.F AND R3.G = R4.H”. First, the head of each run produced by the levelwise step’s scan phase is read into memory, and all of the in-memory records are joined (a). Note that because tuple processing order is defined by the hash functions H1 and H2 associated with R1 R2 and R3 R4, respectively, the output order of tuples to R12 and R34 is random and independent, except for the clustering of tuples having an identical join key. This allows the output of R12 and R34 to be pipelined into the scan phase of the next levelwise step. When any run’s in-memory tuples are exhausted, the next set of tuples is read from disk and joined with those in memory (b). The process is repeated until all of the level’s joins have been completed (c). https://scispace.com/papers/scaffolds-derived-from-ecm-produced-by-chondrogenically-1nbqfpq0xd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-outline-of-the-experimental-groups-the-distinctive-3lhfysth.png Figure 1. Outline of the experimental groups, the distinctive conditions used to create them, and their relationships to each other. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-biochemical-characterization-of-exo-scaffolds-1mff4o17.png Figure 5. Biochemical characterization of exo scaffolds, loaded scaffolds, and scaffold-free pellets. (A,D) GAG, (B,E) DNA, and (C,F) GAG normalized to DNA content of (A−C) ECM scaffolds seeded with hMSCs and (D−F) scaffold-free hMSC pellets. Scaffolds were made from tissue engineered cartilage cultured with TGF-β1 in the media (−MS, green) or with TGF-β1-loaded microspheres (+MS, blue). (A−C) hMSCs-seeded scaffolds were cultured with media-supplemented TGF-β1 (exo scaffolds) or with TGF-β1 loaded into the scaffolds on day 0 (loaded scaffolds). (D− F) Pelleted scaffold-free hMSCs cultured with TGF-β1 in the media (−MS, green), with TGF-β1-loaded microspheres (+MS, blue), or with a bolus of TGF-β1 on day 0 (bolus, gray) were used for comparison. Groups that do not share a letter are statistically significant (p < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-wet-weights-of-a-ecm-scaffolds-seeded-with-hmscs-3iobaw6z.png Figure 6. Wet weights of (A) ECM scaffolds seeded with hMSCs and (B) scaffold-free pellets, and (C) thickness and (D) equilibrium modulus of cell-laden ECM scaffolds. Scaffolds were made from tissue engineered cartilage cultured with TGF-β1 in the media (−MS, green) or with TGF-β1loaded microspheres (+MS, blue). (A,C,D) hMSC-seeded scaffolds were cultured with media-supplemented TGF-β1 (exo scaffolds) or with TGF-β1 loaded into the scaffolds on day 0 (loaded scaffolds). (B) The wet weights of pelleted scaffold-free hMSCs cultured with TGF-β1 in the media (−MS, green), with TGF-β1-loaded microspheres (+MS, blue) or with a bolus of TGF-β1 on day 0 (bolus, gray) were used for comparison to (A) wet weights of scaffolded tissues. Groups that do not share a letter are statistically significant (p < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-macroscopic-histological-and-immunohistochemical-aq31gcrj.png Figure 4. Macroscopic, histological, and immunohistochemical characterization of (A−E) ECM scaffolds seeded with hMSCs and (F−J) scaffoldfree hMSC pellets. Vertical sections taken through the thickness of the tissues were stained with (B,G) H&E, (C,H) Safranin O for GAG (pink/red), (D,I) human collagen type II (red), and (E,J) human collagen type I (red) with a Fast Green counterstain. (A−E) Scaffolds were made from tissue engineered cartilage cultured with TGF-β1 in the media (−MS) or with TGF-β1-loaded microspheres (+MS). hMSC-seeded scaffolds were cultured with media-supplemented TGF-β1 (exo scaffolds) or with TGF-β1 loaded into the scaffolds on day 0 (loaded scaffolds). (F−J) Pelleted scaffold-free hMSCs cultured with TGF-β1 in the media (−MS), with TGF-β1-loaded microspheres (+MS), or with a bolus of TGF-β1 on day 0 (bolus) were used for comparison. White scale bars are 2 mm, and black scale bars are 200 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-biochemical-characterization-of-base-materials-and-2et8kf6e.png Figure 3. Biochemical characterization of base materials and day 0 scaffolds. (A) DNA and (B) GAG content of tissue engineered cartilage sheets cultured with TGF-β1 in the media (−MS, green) or with TGF-β1-loaded microspheres (+MS, blue) used as the base materials for the fabrication of 1 scaffold and DNA and GAG content of empty day 0 ECM scaffolds fabricated from these materials. Groups that do not share a letter are statistically significant (p < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-macroscopic-histological-and-immunohistochemical-10l8yuey.png Figure 2. Macroscopic, histological, and immunohistochemical characterization of tissue engineered cartilage sheets cultured with TGF-β1 in the media (−MS) or with TGF-β1-loaded microspheres (+MS) used as the (A−E) base materials for scaffolds and (F−J) empty day 0 ECM scaffolds fabricated from these materials. (A) Macroscopic images of 3 mm diameter punches of base material sheets and (F) individual day 0 scaffolds in dry form after DHT cross-linking (main image) and hydrated form after EDC-NHS cross-linking (inset). Tissue sections were stained with (B,G) H&E, (C,H) Safranin O for GAG (pink/red), (D,I) human collagen type II (red), and (E,J) human collagen type I (red) with a Fast Green counterstain. White scale bars are 2 mm, and black scale bars are 200 μm. https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-and-adaptive-online-joins-y9s5xkwsnb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-runtime-in-secs-3dptx751.png Table 2: Runtime in secs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-migration-from-a-8-2-to-a-4-4-mapping-2tzsbive.png Figure 3: Migration from a (8, 2)- to a (4, 4)-mapping. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-decomposing-j-20-machines-into-independent-groups-nzva6349.png Figure 4: (a) decomposing J = 20 machines into independent groups of 16 and 4 machines. (b) Elastic expansion from 4 to 16 machines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-performance-evaluation-2820ssvp.png Figure 5: Performance Evaluation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-r-s-join-matrix-example-gray-cells-satisfy-the-6-nj95i07y.png Figure 1: (a) R ./ S join-matrix example, gray cells satisfy the 6= predicate. (b) a (2,4)-mapping scheme using J = 8 machines. (c) the theta-join operator structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-join-matrix-b-8-8-mapping-scheme-c-1-64-mapping-h4gshtvh.png Figure 2: (a) join-matrix (b) (8, 8)-mapping scheme (c) (1, 64)-mapping scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-join-queries-sfaflud5.png Table 1: Join Queries https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-bayesian-gpfa-with-automatic-relevance-3lo20uzue0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bayesian-gpfa-applied-to-synthetic-data-a-log-3d0xhfdu.png Figure 2: Bayesian GPFA applied to synthetic data. (a) Log likelihoods of factor analysis (yellow) and GPFA (green) and ELBO of Bayesian GPFA without ARD (blue) fitted to synthetic data with a ground truth dimensionality of three for different model dimensionalities. FA and GPFA exhibit monotonically increasing marginal likelihoods while the ELBO of Bayesian GPFA has a maximum corresponding to the true latent dimensionality. bGPFA with ARD recovered this three-dimensional latent space as well as the optimum ELBO of bGPFA without ARD (black dashed line). (b) Cross-validated prediction errors for the models in (a) (Appendix L). The minimum is at D? = 3 for all methods, consistent with the maximum of the bGPFA ELBO without ARD in (a). bGPFA with ARD recovered the performance of the optimal bGPFA model without requiring a search over latent dimensionalities. Inspection of the learned prior scales {sd} and posterior mean parameters ||νd||22 (inset) indicates that ARD retained only D? = 3 informative dimensions (top right) and discarded the other 7 dimensions (bottom left). Shadings in (a) and (b) indicate ±2 stdev. across 10 model fits. (c) Learned hyperparameters of bGPFA with ARD and either Gaussian, Poisson or negative binomial noise models fitted to two-dimensional synthetic datasets with observations drawn from the corresponding noise models (Appendix J). The hyperparameters clustered into two groups of informative (top right) and non-informative (bottom left) dimensions (Appendix I). (d) Latent trajectory in the space of the two most informative dimensions (c.f. (c)) for each model with the ground truth shown in black. (e) The overdispersion parameter κn for each neuron learned in the negative binomial model, plotted against the ground truth (Appendix J). Solid line indicates y = x; note that κn → ∞ corresponds to a Poisson noise model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-further-reaction-time-analyses-a-histogram-of-2zfzm0xc.png Figure 5: Further reaction time analyses. (a) Histogram of reaction time across all succesful reaches. For our correlation analyses, we only considered reaches with a reaction time between 125 ms and 425 ms (blue vertical lines). (b) Pearson correlations between distance to prep state and reaction time in synthetic data. Histogram corresponds to correlations between the true reaction times and 50,000 draws from the learned generative model. Blue dashed line indicates mean across all synthetic datasets (0.028) which is much smaller than the observed correlation in the experimental data of 0.424 (blue solid line). (c) Histogram of reach durations for all reaches with a reaction time between 125 ms and 425 ms. (d) Plot of reaction time against the value of the latent dimension with the longest timescale (τ = 2.1 s) at target onset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bayesian-gpfa-schematic-bayesian-gpfa-places-a-1rifqyqn.png Figure 1: Bayesian GPFA schematic. Bayesian GPFA places a Gaussian Process prior over the latent states in each dimension as a function of time t (p(X|t); top left) as well as a linear prior over neural activity as a function of each latent dimension (p(F |X); bottom left). Together with a stochastic noise process p(Y |F ), which can be discrete for electrophysiological recordings, this forms a generative model that gives rise to observations Y (middle). From the data and priors, bGPFA infers posterior latent states for each latent dimension (p(X|Y ); top right) as well as a posterior predictive observation model for each neuron (p(Ytest|Xtest,Y ); bottom right). When combined with automatic relevance determination, the model learns to automatically discard superfluous latent dimensions by maximizing the log marginal likelihood of the data (right, black vs. blue). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-further-analyses-of-m1-preparatory-dynamics-a-d-3qrsiuxr.png Figure 4: Further analyses of M1 preparatory dynamics. (a-d) Similarity matrix of raw neural activity Y (a & b) and latent states found by FA (c & d) at target onset (a & c) and 75 ms prior to movement onset (b & d), with analyses performed as in Figure 3f. (e) z-scored similarity as a function of difference in reach direction; here, the mean similarity across pairs of reaches is shown at target onset (left) and 75 ms prior to movement onset (right). The bGPFA latent states show much stronger modulation than either raw neural activity (Y ) or latent states from FA. (f) Modulation of similarity by reach direction as a function of time from movement onset. Modulation was defined as the difference between maximum and minimum z-scored similarity as a function of difference in reach direction (peak-to-trough in panel e). Blue solid line indicates the z-scored hand speed, confirming the absence of premature movement relative to our definition of movement onset. bGPFA latent similarity increases well before hand speed and starts decreasing substantially before the hand speed peaks. Dashed lines indicate modulation at target onset for each method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bayesian-gpfa-applied-to-primate-data-a-schematic-1h4vxpah.png Figure 3: Bayesian GPFA applied to primate data. (a) Schematic illustration of the self-paced reaching task. When a target on a 17x8 grid is reached (arrows), a new target lights up on the screen (colours), selected at random from the remaining targets (8x8 grid shown for clarity). In several analyses, we classify movements according to reach angle measured relative to horizontal (θ1, θ2). (b) Learned mean and scale parameters for the bGPFA models. Small prior scales sd and posterior mean parameters (||νd||22) indicate uninformative dimensions (Appendix I). (c) We applied bGPFA to monkey M1 and S1 data during the task and trained a linear model to decode kinematics from firing rates predicted from the inferred latent trajectories with different delays between latent states and kinematics. Neural activity was most predictive of future behavior in M1 (black) and current behavior in S1 (blue). Dashed lines indicate decoding from the raw data convolved with a Gaussian filter. (d) Decoding from bGPFA applied to the combined M1 and S1 data (cyan). Performance improved further when decoding from latent trajectories inferred from data where M1 activity was shifted by 100 ms relative to S1 activity (green). (e) Example trajectories in the two most informative latent dimensions for five rightward reaches (grey) and five leftward reaches (red). Trajectories are plotted from the appearance of the stimulus until movement onset (circles). During ‘movement preparation’, the latent trajectories move towards a consistent region of latent state space for each reach direction. (f) Similarity matrix of the latent state at stimulus onset showing no obvious structure (left) and 75 ms prior to movement onset showing modulation by reach direction (right). (g) Reaction time plotted against Euclidean distance between the latent state at target onset and the mean preparatory state for the corresponding reach direction (ρ = 0.424). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-neural-dimensionality-a-participation-ratio-9p1rw5if.png Figure 7: Neural dimensionality. (a) Participation ratio (Equation 16) as a function of temporal offset added to M1 spike times in the primate dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparisons-of-different-forms-of-the-approximate-2geh1z7o.png Figure 8: Comparisons of different forms of the approximate posterior q(x). (a) Synthetic data (orange dots) plotted together with the exact posterior (black) as well as the variational posteriors inferred by each whitened parameterization. The solid lines denote the (approximate) posterior means, and shaded areas indicate ±1 posterior standard deviations. (b) Slice through the posterior covariance (Covx∼q(x) [ xT/2, xt ] ) for the true posterior (top and black dotted lines) and the approximate methods. Each method has different characteristics and the circulant parameterization again provides a good qualitative fit at very low computational cost. (c) We defined the ‘ELBO gap’ of each method as ELBO−LL where LL is the true data log likelihood. We plotted this against the time per gradient evaluation and found that the circulant parameterization achieved high accuracy with cheap gradients. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-analyses-of-a-period-without-task-participation-a-kjbwzwfh.png Figure 6: Analyses of a period without task participation. (a) Cursor speed over the course of the recording session. Blue horizontal lines indicate the last succesful trial before and first succesful trial after a period with no active task participation (blue shading). (b) Latent similarity matrix as a function of time during the task. The latent dynamics during task participation occur in a largely orthogonal subspace to the dynamics during the period with no active task participation. (c) Plot of latent state over time for the latent dimension with the longest timescale (τ = 2.1 s). https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-distributed-execution-environment-for-large-data-1y8tu26x19 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-synchronous-ibp-client-api-1ci6zr7p.png Table 1. Synchronous IBP client API https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sample-images-of-the-tsi-data-set-rendered-with-two-36cn3o49.png Figure 3. Sample images of the TSI data set, rendered with two different transfer functions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-taxonomy-of-nfu-operations-284jbkob.png Figure 2. A taxonomy of NFU operations https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-coherent-interface-4tab61evjo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-technology-sends-3mpk75e6.png Figure 1. Technology sends. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sci-configuration-a5dtorhs.png Figure 2. SCI Configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-header-format-605cy90e.png Figure 7. Header format. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-node-interface-3hmx8c1u.png Figure 9. Node interface. https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-comparison-of-javascript-v8-bytecode-traces-3r77i3b8vt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-our-benchmark-the-6-sites-22669l5g.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics of our benchmark. The 6 sites are sorted by popularity according to the Alexa index. Example bytecodes are available in https://github.com/KTH/STRAC/tree/master/STRACAlign/ src/test/resources/bytecodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-variance-of-v8-bytecode-trace-size-for-100-3v9m759t.png Figure 4. Variance of V8 bytecode trace size for 100 repetitions of the same query. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-alignment-cost-for-100-trace-pair-comparisons-using-1figjyc6.png Figure 7. Alignment cost for 100 trace pair comparisons using dIns as distance function. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-a-javascript-function-and-its-440z7eml.png Figure 1. Example of a JavaScript function and its corresponding V8 bytecode instructions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-two-different-script-fetching-and-1zjtuo9m.png Figure 2. Illustration of two different script fetching and compiling traces for the same browser query. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-execution-time-for-12-trace-pair-comparisons-by-7-1ezyet58.png Figure 5. Execution time for 12 trace pair comparisons by 7 tools incl. STRAC. Y axis is in logarithmic scale. Four tools fail even on the smallest traces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cost-matrix-warp-path-and-applied-alignment-for-3uzn11ln.png Figure 3. Cost matrix, warp path and applied alignment for abcababc and aabaca example traces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-alignment-costs-for-100-trace-pair-comparisons-2unswit6.png Figure 6. Alignment costs for 100 trace pair comparisons using dSen as distance function. https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-eventually-consistent-counters-over-unreliable-4e27qwcvl6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-simple-configuration-with-three-tiers-and-two-2167tvxr.png Fig. 1 A simple configuration with three tiers and two datacenters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-handoff-counter-auxiliary-transformations-inmerge-1w6n07vt.png Fig. 5 Handoff Counter auxiliary transformations inmerge https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-slots-per-server-for-100-servers-and-1000-clients-218xhi1r.png Fig. 8 Slots per server for 100 servers and 1000 clients abruptly disconnecting and reconnecting to random server, ignoring old servers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-slots-per-server-for-100-servers-and-1000-clients-with-24o1lde4.png Fig. 9 Slots per server for 100 servers and 1000 clients, with one client retiring a new one arriving each 10 ms. Clients retire gracefully, unless a partition happens, with probability 1 and 10% https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-handoff-counter-data-type-state-record-fields-34bvgo7x.png Fig. 2 Handoff Counter data type state (record fields) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-number-of-clients-and-average-number-of-ids-and-slots-16m5w40z.png Fig. 6 Number of clients and average number of ids and slots per server. Comparing tier 1 configurations with 100 and 1000 servers, both for up to 100,000 clients https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-number-of-active-clients-and-slots-per-server-with-bf371dz8.png Fig. 7 Number of active clients and slots per server, with clients sessions taking 1, 10, and 100% of time, with server affinity https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-handoff-counter-data-type-operations-10g69ohj.png Fig. 4 Handoff Counter data type operations https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-data-management-in-distributed-information-systems-4ft8xodrzg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-some-scalable-data-management-3gl81nhz.png Table 1. Characteristics of some scalable data management systems. https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-distributed-sensor-fault-diagnosis-for-smart-1p78p9on9r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-down-view-of-a-83-zone-building-red-squared-boxes-20ukcf2u.png Fig. 5. Down-view of a 83-zone building. Red squared boxes denote the zones with the faulty sensors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-distributed-sensor-fault-diagnosis-architecture-3u3bx0r9.png Fig. 2. The distributed sensor fault diagnosis architecture for a 5-zone HVAC system. From: (a) the physical system; (b) the mathematical model of the system; and (c) The distributed sensor fault diagnosis architecture. Specifically each subfigure shows: (a) Schematic representation of a multi-zone HVAC system that consists of the hot water unit (orange box) and the 5 building zones that are interconnected through walls and doors. The black rectangular boxes located in each zone represent the fan-coil units; (b) The subsystems network configuration of the 5-zone HVAC system. The black arrows denote the shared states between the interconnected subsystems; (c) the distributed sensor fault diagnosis agents and . The black arrows denote the exchange of information between the diagnosis agents. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-p4tnknf6.png TABLE II https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-design-plug-in-blocks-to-the-sensor-fault-diagnosis-3hjsqiqb.png TABLE IV Design Plug-In Blocks to the Sensor Fault Diagnosis Scheme https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-model-variations-after-the-enlargement-of-the-hvac-34bicnf4.png TABLE III Model Variations After the Enlargement of the HVAC System https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-architecture-of-the-distributed-sensor-fault-diagnosis-jpdo8u4d.png Fig. 1. Architecture of the distributed sensor fault diagnosis scheme for smart buildings. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-m-60-the-sensor-fault-signature-matrix-of-the-agent-9vm39nt3.png TABLE VI M(60)The Sensor Fault Signature Matrix of the Agent https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-macromodelling-of-microwave-system-responses-using-3qbejud687 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-design-space-generated-for-hairpin-filter-1sqv3ke4.png Fig. 4. Design space generated for Hairpin Filter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-magnitude-of-s21-at-three-random-validation-points-814trfs0.png Fig. 5. Magnitude of S21 at three random validation points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-parameterization-s11-and-s21-as-a-function-of-l1-and-3pf9xqtz.png Fig. 3. Parameterization: |S11| and |S21| as a function of L1 and S1 resp. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-coexters-trisection-of-the-path-simplex-in-r3-as-in-3-3n5dq03v.png Fig. 1. Coexter’s trisection of the path-simplex in R3 (as in [3]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-layout-of-the-microwave-hairpin-bandpass-filter-1lxwxy4v.png Fig. 2. Layout of the microwave hairpin bandpass filter. https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-in-network-rate-monitoring-4v2x3wvo1i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-lognormal-fits-over-5-h-and-20-m-periods-on-a-10gb-s-z223rc14.png Fig. 3: Lognormal fits over 5 h and 20 m periods on a 10Gb/s link. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-standard-deviation-and-variation-coefficient-of-the-1v06bd9v.png TABLE I: Standard deviation (and variation coefficient) of the Mb/s 99th percentile for subdivisions of one time scale into another. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-lognormal-fits-over-intervals-of-5-m-and-and-0-3-s-146hrzot.png Fig. 4: Lognormal fits over intervals of 5 m and and 0.3 s durations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-recorded-rates-in-mb-s-as-time-series-upper-and-rate-mw1k38uc.png Fig. 2: Recorded rates (in Mb/s) as time series (upper) and rate distribution (lower) over 24 h on 10Gb/s link. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-detection-rates-for-naive-congestion-detector-29k0zdo6.png TABLE II: Detection rates for naive congestion detector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-series-of-5-m-averages-over-one-day-from-15-24-on-25oh5h65.png Fig. 5: Time series of 5 m averages over one day from 15-24 on the heavily loaded 1 G link (top), and estimates of the risk of exceeding link capacity over consecutive periods of 5 m, and 0.3 s respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-rate-monitoring-architecture-with-high-ttgggfa3.png Fig. 1: Overview of rate monitoring architecture with high rate local counter updates and two lower rate estimate updates https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-fault-tolerant-algorithms-for-linear-scaling-4ahbtj7aq1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-array-interface-2nk4lst2.png Figure 5. The Array interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-parallel-speedups-for-the-lccsd-transformation-and-25xie1ju.png Figure 11. Parallel speedups for the LCCSD transformation and (T) steps for (glycine)2 using a 6-31G basis set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-parallel-speedups-for-the-lmp2-total-time-and-id0jfleq.png Figure 10. Parallel speedups for the LMP2 total time and transformation step for (glycine)4 using 6-31G and 6-31G* basis sets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-index-interface-1oba9dao.png Figure 4. The Index interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-indicesless-interface-16kvvhb8.png Figure 3. The IndicesLess interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-blockinfo-interface-22palh05.png Figure 2. The BlockInfo interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-range-interface-9fv5aafw.png Figure 1. The Range interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-outline-of-the-scalar-local-ccsd-t-algorithm-the-21x71zrn.png Figure 8. Outline of the scalar local CCSD(T) algorithm. The arrays t, T, and T3 represent the single, double, and triple substitution amplitudes, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-nonlinear-compact-schemes-5flito99wo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-two-dimensional-advection-of-density-sine-wave-19xo8lix.png Figure 13: Two-dimensional advection of density sine wave – Wall times and efficiencies of the WENO5 and CRWENO5 schemes on grids with 642, 962, 1282, 1922, 2562, and 3842 points (data in Table 4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-energy-spectrum-of-the-numerical-solutions-to-the-3ko4ld6v.png Figure 14: Energy spectrum of the numerical solutions to the two-dimensional advection of density fluctuations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tridiagonal-matrix-after-stage-1-the-hat-indicates-bh71sry0.png Figure 6: Tridiagonal matrix after Stage 1: The hat indicates values altered during the elimination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-energy-spectrum-of-the-numerical-solutions-to-the-rad1w12v.png Figure 11: Energy spectrum of the numerical solutions to the one-dimensional advection of density fluctuations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-energy-spectrum-of-the-numerical-solutions-to-the-1ngvqsa4.png Figure 16: Energy spectrum of the numerical solutions to the three-dimensional advection of density fluctuations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-wall-times-in-seconds-for-the-three-dimensional-355u8vsy.png Table 7: Wall times (in seconds) for the three-dimensional advection of density fluctuations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-wall-times-in-seconds-for-the-one-dimensional-ghs88xwi.png Table 3: Wall times (in seconds) for the one-dimensional advection of density fluctuations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-isentropic-vortex-convection-wall-times-and-dh2xi3x2.png Figure 20: Isentropic vortex convection: wall times and parallel efficiencies for the CRWENO5 and WENO5 schemes. https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-self-orienting-surfaces-a-compact-texture-enhanced-39ldx25jzo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-depth-is-difficult-to-discern-for-plain-lines-with-32z0ytrj.png Figure 3. Depth is difficult to discern for plain lines with no depth cues (a). Although darkening (b) or desaturation (c) provide some depth cue, a combination (d) is more effective. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-timing-results-are-given-for-different-line-2aytfaqg.png Table 1. Timing results are given for different line representations: Polygonal tube, finely tessellated SOS, polygonal tube in a display list, and hardware bump-mapped SOS. Hardware bump-mapped SOS runs an average of 1.4 times faster than polygonal tubes in a display list, and an average of 24.4 times faster than polygonal tubes computed on the fly. All times are in seconds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-dense-orange-magnetic-field-lines-occlude-the-2zly93ni.png Figure 4. The dense orange magnetic field lines occlude the blue electric field lines (a). Interior structure can be revealed through clipping (b), interactively adjusting SOS width (c). However, for dense, highly intertwined lines, global de-emphasis of the magnetic field provides a view of the electric field not possible with those other methods (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-from-the-curve-and-viewing-rays-a-the-curve-tangent-2bjetepi.png Figure 1. From the curve and viewing rays (a), the curve tangent vectors and viewing vectors (solid and dotted arrows, respectively) are constructed (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-sequence-of-points-a-is-converted-to-a-triangle-3bsug1ew.png Figure 2. A sequence of points (a) is converted to a triangle strip by adding positive and negative sideways offset vectors (b) to produce new points (c) which become vertices for a triangle strip (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-in-regions-of-high-intensity-field-the-lines-2h97hw6i.png Figure 5. In regions of high intensity field, the lines texture is compressed to produce fine, dense lines. https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-peer-to-peer-based-rdf-management-2vy70trb9y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hdrs-and-hbase-throughput-results-2zg8ptw3.png Figure 4: HDRS and HBase throughput results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-combinations-of-write-orders-at-nodes-n1-and-n2-and-2wmj8xgx.png Table 1: Combinations of write orders at nodes N1 and N2 and resulting multiplicities for triple t. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hdrs-architecture-overview-1lilr47y.png Figure 1: HDRS architecture overview. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-nodes-and-multiple-writers-1ubi1vc9.png Figure 2: Two nodes and multiple writers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hdrs-throughput-for-batch-loading-the-btc-data-set-g32zgd19.png Table 2: HDRS throughput for batch-loading the BTC data set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-segment-size-and-transfer-time-of-segment-transfers-2rte6vuw.png Figure 5: Segment size and transfer time of segment transfers for loading three billion triples into an HDRS store with 10 nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-overhead-of-segment-transfers-by-stall-and-transfer-1tqbxrvb.png Figure 6: Overhead of segment transfers by stall and transfer time as well as accumulated load time increase (topmost graph). https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-performance-evaluation-of-a-hybrid-optical-switch-4ml81zp1eg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-hybrid-switch-dimensioning-and-multiplexing-gain-a-3pe805wk.png Fig. 6. Hybrid-switch dimensioning and multiplexing gain. (a) Hybrid-switching gain as a function of total number of input wavelengths MH. (b) Hybridswitching gain as a function of traffic intensity per input wavelength ρH. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hybrid-optical-transport-network-architecture-3vrcte8m.png Fig. 1. Hybrid optical-transport network architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-cardinality-of-state-space-1lkjcxrw.png TABLE I CARDINALITY OF STATE SPACE https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-link-dimensioning-xx0g6ycc.png TABLE II LINK DIMENSIONING https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hybrid-optical-switch-architecture-2tje94ib.png Fig. 2. Hybrid optical-switch architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-blocking-probability-versus-normalized-traffic-3a8oa3b8.png Fig. 4. Blocking probability versus normalized traffic intensity: Exact and simulation results. (a) No priority; M = 5, K = 3. (b) No priority; M = 30, K = 10. (c) Preemptive priority; M = 5, K = 3. (d) Preemptive priority; M = 30, K = 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-state-diagram-for-i-j-k-3crhofsd.png Fig. 3. State diagram for i+ j < K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-blocking-probability-versus-normalized-traffic-2cb1603k.png Fig. 5. Blocking probability versus normalized traffic intensity: Exact and simulation results. (a) No priority; M = 5; K = 3. Exponential ON/OFF; Gamma ON/OFF; Gamma ON. (b) No priority; M = 30; K = 10. Exponential ON/OFF; Gamma ON/OFF; Gamma ON. (c) Preemptive priority; M = 5; K = 3. Exponential ON/OFF; Gamma ON. (d) Preemptive priority; M = 30; K = 10. Exponential ON/OFF; Gamma ON. (e) Preemptive priority; M = 5; K = 3. Gamma ON/OFF. (f) Preemptive priority; M = 30; K = 10. Gamma ON/OFF. https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-performance-measurement-and-analysis-1dbvc2ep4o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-12-varying-ezw-passes-34a1bwoi.png Figure 3.12: Varying EZW passes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-parallel-compression-architecture-1uo43y0j.png Figure 3.3: Parallel compression architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-7-using-clara-and-pam-on-effort-data-2vqapa5z.png Figure 5.7: Using CLARA and PAM on effort data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-minimum-sample-size-vs-population-size-3uncquw0.png Figure 4.1: Minimum sample size vs. population size https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-5-most-time-consuming-call-sites-and-load-balance-184bexxu.png Figure 6.5: Most time-consuming call sites and load-balance plots for S3D https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-4-libras-source-viewer-14yv6qha.png Figure 6.4: Libra’s source viewer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3-libras-effort-region-browser-showing-expanded-2jfp29t4.png Figure 6.3: Libra’s effort region browser, showing expanded call paths for an effort region https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-18-progressively-refined-reconstructions-of-the-1130ocx4.png Figure 3.18: Progressively refined reconstructions of the remesh phase in ParaDiS https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-streaming-tools-for-analyzing-n-body-simulations-4010uulwvh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-relative-error-vs-d-of-the-cell-1tgbbd9f.png Figure 7: Relative error vs. δ of the cell https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-relative-error-for-the-counts-in-the-output-of-the-3oq2s4bc.png Figure 12: Relative error for the counts in the output of the Count Sketch algorithm with different sampling rates, cell size = 0.1 Mpc/h https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-relative-error-for-the-counts-in-the-output-of-the-pvfu5n0x.png Figure 10: Relative error for the counts in the output of the Count Sketch algorithm and Count Min Sketch algorithm, cell size = 0.1 Mpc/h https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-streaming-tools-for-analyzing-n-body-simulations-2cpqof9ryb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-relative-error-vs-d-of-the-cell-8t6c2pxd.png Figure 7: Relative error vs. δ of the cell https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-relative-error-for-the-counts-in-the-output-of-the-38e1t62p.png Figure 12: Relative error for the counts in the output of the Count Sketch algorithm with different sampling rates, cell size = 0.1 Mpc/h https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-relative-error-for-the-counts-in-the-output-of-the-17j8488t.png Figure 10: Relative error for the counts in the output of the Count Sketch algorithm and Count Min Sketch algorithm, cell size = 0.1 Mpc/h https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-synthesis-in-vitro-cccdna-reduction-and-in-vivo-1taryge3sk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-antiviral-activity-of-compound-1-in-a-hbv-m7p2wlks.png Figure 3. Antiviral activity of compound 1 in a HBV hydrodynamic mouse model. One day after hydrodynamic injection of HBV 1.3mer plasmid (day 0), six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were treated with TAF or compound 1 at doses of 0.6, 6, and 60 mg/kg or the vehicle via oral gavage once daily. ETV, which serves as positive control, was also administered orally once daily at a single dose of 0.1 mg/kg. Ten mice were included in each group. Blood was collected at 0.2, 4, and 6 days post-treatment and serum HBV DNA was extracted and analyzed by a real-time PCR assay. Mean values ± SD are plotted for each group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-activity-of-prodrug-1-in-a-hbv-cccdna-assay-11pm6oie.png Table 1. Activity of Prodrug 1 in a HBV cccDNA Assay https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-inhibition-of-the-replication-of-both-hbv-wild-type-295suo75.png Figure 2. Inhibition of the replication of both HBV wild-type and ETV-resistant viruses in the presence of prodrug 1. (A) Diagrams of adenoviruses AdH294-WT and AdH294-7LR. ETV-resistant strain AdH294-7LR was generated by mutagenesis of four amino acids in the HBV reverse transcriptase region (red arrows). (B) Adenovirusinfected HepG2 cells were treated with serially diluted ETV, TAF, and prodrug 1 for 5 days. HBV replicative intermediate DNAs were extracted and detected with Southern blot using a P32-labeled HBV probe. The radioactive signal beneath each lane was quantified with ImageJ software proportioned to DMSO treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-taf-and-phosphonomethoxydeoxythreosyl-3jloflk5.png Figure 1. Structure of TAF and phosphonomethoxydeoxythreosyl adenine prodrug 1 investigated in this study. https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-synthesis-of-g-fe2o3-based-composite-films-as-3cyf6rxx7m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-n2-sorption-isotherms-and-b-bjh-pore-size-1rh1nbgp.png Fig. 6 (a) N2 sorption isotherms and (b) BJH pore size distributions of the CC, CF, CCF-a, and 343 CCF-b composites. 344 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-schematic-representation-of-the-ccm-ccf-a-c1aag915.png Fig. 10 (a) Schematic representation of the CCM//CCF-a asymmetric supercapacitor. (b) CV 475 plots of the CCM and CCF-a electrodes recorded at 5 mV s–1 in a three-electrode set-up. (c) 476 CV plots of the asymmetric device recorded in various voltage windows. (d) GCD plots of the 477 asymmetric device recorded in the voltage window range from 0.8 to 1.8 V. 478 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-cv-plots-recorded-at-various-scan-rates-b-gcd-plots-9rhg4nse.png Fig. 11 (a) CV plots recorded at various scan rates, (b) GCD plots recorded at various current 498 densities, and (c) Ragone plot of the CCM//CCF-a asymmetric SC device. 499 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-survey-b-c-1s-c-o-1s-and-d-fe-2p-xps-spectra-of-the-4ww52ba2.png Fig. 5 (a) Survey, (b) C 1s, (c) O 1s, and (d) Fe 2p XPS spectra of the CCF-a composite. 324 Large surface areas and favorable porous structures provide many redox sites for electrochemical 325 reactions by enhancing the electrolyte-accessibility, thereby achieving more efficient utilization of 326 electrode materials. (Liu et al. 2019) BET surface analysis was conducted to measure the surface 327 areas and porous structures of the composites. Figs. 6a and 6b present the N2 adsorption isotherms 328 and BJH pore size distributions of the CC, CF, CCF-a, and CCF-b composites. The CC and CCF 329 composites possessed a porous structure dominated by mesopores, as indicated by its typical IV 330 isotherm featuring a hysteresis loop at a high value of P/P0; (Su et al. 2017) it also displayed a 331 large surface area of 121.05 m2 g–1. The surface areas of the CC and CCF composites were much 332 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-electrochemical-performances-of-the-cc-ccf-a-and-ccf-b-336moe69.png Fig. 8 Electrochemical performances of the CC, CCF-a, and CCF-b freestanding electrodes. (a) 409 CV plots (scan rate: 5 mV s–1). (b) GCD plots (current density : 2 mA cm–2). (c) EIS spectra. 410 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-a-cycling-stability-of-the-ccm-ccf-a-asymmetric-27qjo7te.png Fig. 12 (a) Cycling stability of the CCM//CCF-a asymmetric device over 10,000 repeated GCD 515 cycles (at 125 mA cm–2). (b) EIS characteristic measured before and after the cycle life test. Digital 516 photographs of (c) various decorative items with multi-colored LED lights and (d) a Samsung galaxy 517 note9 mobile phone powered by three CCM//CCF-a asymmetric supercapacitor devices connected 518 in series. 519 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-xrd-patterns-of-a-the-cellulose-the-f-cnts-and-the-cc-1danhhr3.png Fig. 4 XRD patterns of (a) the cellulose, the f-CNTs, and the CC composite and the (b) CF, CCF-301 a, and CCF-b composites. 302 Because magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) have very similar XRD patterns, it is 303 difficult to distinguish the two phases based only on their XRD patterns. Therefore, we used XPS to 304 examine the surface electronic structure, chemical composition, and interaction of the iron oxide 305 NPs in the cellulose and f-CNT matrix. Fig. 5 presents the XPS spectra of CCF-a. The XPS survey 306 spectrum of the CCF-a composite (Fig. 5a) exhibited the photoelectron lines of C 1s, O 1s, and Fe 307 2p at binding energies of approximately 285, 531, and 711 eV, respectively. (Yu et al. 2013) The C 308 1s peak originated from the cellulose and f-CNTs. Deconvolution of the C 1s spectrum of the CCF-309 a composite revealed three peaks at 288.6, 285.4, and 284.4 eV, assigned to the binding energies of 310 O–C=O, C–O–C, and C–C units, respectively.(Su et al. 2017) The deconvoluted O 1s spectrum 311 featured two peaks at 532 and 530 eV, attributed to the presence of C–O and Fe–O units, 312 respectively. (Yu et al. 2013) Fig. 5d displays the Fe 2p region of the CCF-a composite. The Fe 2p3/2 313 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-micrographs-of-a-the-regenerated-cellulose-and-the-14t005fx.png Fig. 2 SEM micrographs of (a) the regenerated cellulose and the (b) CC, (c) CF, (d, e) CCF-a, and 269 (f) CCF-b composites. 270 https://scispace.com/papers/scalajack-customized-scalable-tracing-with-in-situ-data-531424yull 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-tf-idf-results-2wxrwy7o.png Fig. 6. TF-IDF Results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-instrumentation-composition-with-scalajack-fig-2-12pwkx07.png Fig. 1. Instrumentation Composition with ScalaJack Fig. 2. ScalaJack’s High-level Design https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-typical-application-workflow-with-scalajack-1uni2dpe.png Fig. 3. Typical Application workflow with ScalaJack https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-aspect-metrics-26jjkys6.png Table 1. Aspect metrics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-clamr-results-1tg0o6ae.png Fig. 5. CLAMR Results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-is-results-3iu5qqy0.png Fig. 4. IS Results https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-temporal-latent-space-inference-for-link-prediction-38ryie8spy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bcgd-versus-local-bcgd-19o6f88h.png Fig. 3. BCGD versus local BCGD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-time-complexity-analysis-for-algorithm-1-n-is-the-209k3f3g.png TABLE 1 Time complexity analysis for Algorithm 1, n is the number of nodes, mτ is the number of edges in graph Gτ , d(u) is the degree of node u, k is the number of dimensions, and T is the number of timestamps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-online-prediction-time-and-memory-comparison-for-20-2863s3ti.png Fig. 11. Online prediction time and memory comparison for 20 thousand node pairs. Note that BCGD represents all of the three proposed algorithms (BCGDG, BCGDL, and BCGDI ) since the online prediction time and memory consumption of these three are the same. Online Prediction Efficiency. We now verify that the low-dimension latent space approach is very efficient for online link prediction. Here we choose AA as https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-inference-efficiency-of-bcgd-algorithms-2yg9u7xp.png Fig. 8. Inference efficiency of BCGD algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-inference-efficiency-comparison-with-scalable-twmaa67b.png Fig. 10. Inference efficiency comparison with scalable baselines Hott and BIGCLAM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-inference-efficiency-comparison-with-dmmsb-ptm-labelrt-3j4qimwd.png Fig. 9. Inference efficiency comparison with DMMSB, PTM, LabelRT and NMFR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-observed-interactions-among-alice-bob-2w2vbozl.png Fig. 1. An example of observed interactions among Alice, Bob and Kevin, and their positions in a simplified onedimension latent space. Alice is very liberal, Bob is biased towards being liberal, and Kevin is very conservative. However, all their profile information as well as the dimension label are unobservable. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-a-summary-of-state-of-the-art-approaches-where-time-33qbnyxj.png TABLE 3 A summary of state-of-the-art approaches, where time series denotes using a sequence of graph snapshots as inputs, aggregated denotes using a single aggregated static graph snapshot as an input, low denotes low dimensional latent space and high denotes without dimensionality constraint. https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-test-problems-for-evolutionary-multiobjective-278lk39pfq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-30-the-nsga-ii-population-on-test-problem-dtlz9-1v33yd45.png Figure 30: The NSGA-II population on test problem DTLZ9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-32-the-shaded-region-is-non-dominated-with-pareto-2qp5qjqw.png Figure 32: The shaded region is non-dominated with Pareto-optimal solutions A and B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-first-quadrant-of-a-unit-sphere-as-a-pareto-optimal-zfmrb2c4.png Figure 1: First quadrant of a unit sphere as a Pareto-optimal front. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overall-search-space-is-bounded-by-the-two-spheres-2t2a05rn.png Figure 2: Overall search space is bounded by the two spheres. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-classical-generating-method-with-the-constraint-3kgp21iu.png Figure 8: Classical generating method with the -constraint method will produce redundant single-objective optimization problems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-31-the-spea2-population-on-test-problem-dtlz9-289c5n2j.png Figure 31: The SPEA2 population on test problem DTLZ9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-the-spea2-population-on-test-problem-dtlz4-three-2o0fe7li.png Figure 21: The SPEA2 population on test problem DTLZ4. Three different simulation runs are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-the-nsga-ii-population-on-test-problem-dtlz4-three-33klz8q2.png Figure 20: The NSGA-II population on test problem DTLZ4. Three different simulation runs are shown. https://scispace.com/papers/scalar-dispersion-by-coherent-structures-in-uniformly-4kqoftmo68 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-representative-illustration-of-the-main-steps-of-3jc8tkg6.png Figure 3. A representative illustration of the main steps of the vortex identification algorithm. (a) Instantaneous map of in-plane velocity vectors with superimposed flood contours of the streamwise velocity; the direction of the x1 axis is out of the page. (b) Isocontours of swirling strength multiplied by the sign of vorticity; contours of ellipses fitted to regions with significant swirling strength are shown and assumed to demarcate vortex cores. (c) Vortices identified in (b) are shown together with local maps of the in-plane projections of the velocity vector relative to the vortex convection velocity; flood contours of the streamwise velocity are shown as well; bold ellipses mark a strong counter-rotating vortex pair and may be construed as the cross-sections of the legs of a hairpin vortex, which induces upwards motion of low-speed fluid. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-contours-of-the-joint-probability-density-function-27qi9kmf.png Figure 7. Contours of the joint probability density function of the streamwise and transverse velocity fluctuations (u1 and u2, respectively), illustrating the predominance of Reynolds stress events to the Q2 and Q4 quadrants; primes indicate standard deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-model-for-scalar-transport-by-upright-a-and-3hzblh6x.png Figure 11. A model for scalar transport by upright (a) and inverted (b) hairpin vortices in USF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-conditional-probability-density-functions-of-the-34e1jk2l.png Figure 10. Conditional probability density functions of the two orientation angles of the instantaneous scalar flux vector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-four-representative-instantaneous-maps-illustrating-4xdgu4je.png Figure 4. Four representative instantaneous maps illustrating the influence of coherent structures on dye transport. Plot (a) corresponds to the same instant as figure 3. Colour contours mark the concentration field in a logarithmic scale. Vortices are indicated by ellipses, with vectors indicating the local in-plane relative velocity. Pairs of relatively strong counter-rotating vortices, marked by bold ellipses, are generally seen to induce flows which displaced dyed fluid. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-and-side-views-of-the-experimental-apparatus-8a1he2un.png Figure 1. Top and side views of the experimental apparatus and main instrumentation in the water tunnel test section; L = 25.4 mm is the spacing of the shear generator. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-the-correlation-coefficient-between-the-33vr9n2c.png Table 1. Values of the correlation coefficient between the scalar flux components cui and the Reynolds stress u1u2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-contours-of-the-mean-concentration-c-cs-with-the-2z4dq4z0.png Figure 9. (a) Contours of the mean concentration C/CS with the two regions of interest indicated by squares. (b-e) Joint PDFs of the streamwise cu1 and transverse cu2 scalar fluxes and the Reynolds stress u1u2, measured at points F and S and normalized by the corresponding standard deviations. The solid lines indicate the correlation coefficients whereas the dashed lines indicate the correlation coefficients determined from values conditioned on C > 0. https://scispace.com/papers/scalar-one-loop-integrals-2ncyds313f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1wvr2tlr.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1cinkd2s.png Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1r2iuvdc.png Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-zeb86ikm.png Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/papers/scale-dependency-of-the-effective-matrix-diffusion-5fldxj52fo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effective-matrix-diffusion-coefficient-as-a-x7hnxgwm.png Figure 2. Effective matrix diffusion coefficient as a function of test scale. RD refers to the effective coefficient value (estimated from field data) divided by the corresponding local value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-breakthrough-curves-at-the-water-table-of-the-yucca-osjsbkr2.png Figure 1. Breakthrough curves at the water table of the Yucca Mountain site for a tracer from the repository level. The normalized mass fraction refers to the ratio of accumulative tracer mass transporting to the water table to the initial mass at the repository level. https://scispace.com/papers/scale-effects-in-physical-piano-key-weirs-models-bokivo7d8q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-facility-1t1oel8i.png Figure 2. Experimental facility https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-of-surface-tension-effects-on-small-head-1hh74kq2.png Figure 3. Examples of surface tension effects on small-head PKW flow at the 1:25 scale [(a) & (b), (c) & (d), and (e) & (f) photo pairs are at common discharges, respectively, with the discharge increasing slightly through the photo sequence] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-photographic-overview-of-nappe-trajectory-and-1snahc07.png Figure 5. Photographic overview of nappe trajectory and aeration behaviour depending on model scale (rows: prototype, 1:7, 1:15, 1:25) and prototype equivalent discharge (columns: 10.0, 5.0, 1.2 m³s -1 ). Black line = limit between model heads higher (top right) and lower (bottom left) than 0.06 m https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-upstream-view-of-the-prototype-pkw-escouloubre-32dt4z2y.png Figure 1. (a) Upstream view of the Prototype PKW (Escouloubre Dam, France – Courtesy of EDF-CIH) and (b) downstream view of the corresponding 1:15 laboratory scale model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-models-rating-curves-scaled-at-prototype-scale-and-23hsj2sz.png Figure 4. Models rating curves scaled at prototype scale and prototype data - The limiting criteria of 0.03 m model upstream head are reported for the three models thanks to dashed lines. https://scispace.com/papers/scale-interactions-and-spectral-energy-transfer-in-turbulent-2k33dyz8gm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-classifications-of-the-origin-of-turbulent-2lx2ftf6.png Figure 4. Classifications of the origin of turbulent transport based on (a) the spanwise wavelength of the eddies relative to that of the given Fourier mode (λz,0) and (b) the nature of eddies (i.e. energy-containing ones or the ones involved in energy cascade). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-premultiplied-one-dimensional-spanwise-wavenumber-23kwyd8f.png Figure 3. Premultiplied one-dimensional spanwise wavenumber spectra: (a) turbulent kinetic energy, ê(y, kz); (b) turbulent transport, T̂turb (y, kz). Here, λz = 3y is a boundary that distinguishes between the energy-containing eddies and the ones related to energy cascade. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-energy-distribution-mechanism-via-self-sustaining-2gk4ae8j.png Figure 14. Energy distribution mechanism via self-sustaining process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-triadic-interactions-tturb-at-the-locations-of-3fxjyzzj.png Figure 8. Triadic interactions ( T̂turb ) at the locations of black dots along λ+z = 3(y +)2 in figure 5(b): (a) y+0 = 10; (b) y + 0 = 14; (c) y + 0 = 19; (d) y + 0 = 25. Here, the black dashed lines correspond to l = m = kz,0. See the caption of figure 6 for the contour label. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-premultiplied-one-dimensional-spanwise-wavenumber-2rpfiheo.png Figure 11. Premultiplied one-dimensional spanwise wavenumber spectra of (a) streamwise, (b) wall-normal, (c) spanwise velocities, and (d) turbulent kinetic energy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-turbulence-statistics-a-root-mean-square-velocity-347sn8z8.png Figure 1. Turbulence statistics: (a) root-mean-square velocity and pressure fluctuations; (b) turbulent kinetic energy budget. ——, Present LES; - - -, DNS at Reτ = 1995 (Lee & Moser 2015b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-overlapped-premultiplied-one-dimensional-spanwise-31couszi.png Figure 12. Overlapped premultiplied one-dimensional spanwise wavenumber spectra of turbulent kinetic energy (red), Reynolds shear stress (blue) and the near-wall positive turbulent transport (black). Here, the contour lines for both turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds shear stress indicate 15% of their respective maximum, while that of turbulent transport indicates 10% of the maximum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-triadic-interactions-tturb-at-the-locations-of-1zrs4nl8.png Figure 7. Triadic interactions ( T̂turb ) at the locations of black dots along λz = 5y in figure 5(a): (a) y+0 = 25 (y0/h = 0.01); (b) y + 0 = 67 (y0/h = 0.04); (c) y + 0 = 157 (y0/h = 0.09); (d) y+0 = 391 (y0/h = 0.23). See the caption of figure 6 for the black and blue dashed lines and for the contour label. Note that the blue dashed lines do not appear in (a) because they locate at very large l and m. https://scispace.com/papers/scale-invariant-geometry-for-nonrigid-shapes-3eelgshm4l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-three-eigenfunctions-of-g-top-and-the-invariant-2gwbmmxw.png Figure 2. Three eigenfunctions of ∆g (top) and the invariant version ∆g̃ (bottom) for the armadillo with local scale distortions. Unlike the regular metric, the scale invariant metric preserves the correspondence between the matching eigenfunctions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-using-the-gmds-method-for-surface-matching-with-the-h7k7hcch.png Figure 7. Using the GMDS method for surface matching with the regular metric (top) and the invariant one (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cotangent-weight-1ftrnfov.png Figure 1. Cotangent weight. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scaled-hkss-for-the-regular-metric-right-and-the-1te9ounx.png Figure 5. Scaled HKSs for the regular metric (right) and the invariant version (left). The blue circles represent the signatures for three points on the original surface, while the red plus signs are computed from the deformed version. Using a log-log axis, we plot the scaled HKS as a function of t. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-voronoi-diagram-using-diffusion-distances-for-29ihn6v3.png Figure 6. Voronoi diagram using diffusion distances for farthest point sampling each surface with 30 points, applying the regular metric (left two surfaces) and the invariant version (right two surfaces). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-hks-at-different-times-texture-mapped-onto-the-1uqt5lkt.png Figure 4. The HKS at different times, texture mapped onto the surface for the regular metric (left frames) and the invariant metric (right frames). The four shapes in each row, left to right, capture the HKS values at t = 10, 50, 100, and 500, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-four-eigenfunctions-of-g-left-and-the-invariant-yxdrn53z.png Figure 3. Four eigenfunctions of ∆g (left) and the invariant version ∆g̃ (right) for the centaur and a horse with local scale distortions. Unlike the regular metric, the scale invariant metric preserves the correspondence between the matching eigenfunctions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-of-the-g-hks-on-shrec10-shape-retrieval-29cjdtqt.png Table 1 Performance of the g̃-HKS on SHREC’10 shape retrieval benchmark with the ShapeGoogle framework (recognition rate in %). https://scispace.com/papers/scale-invariant-or-scale-dependent-behavior-of-the-link-31d1w2hwff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-effect-of-variable-sampling-effort-on-the-z3b7c2kq.png Figure 1: The effect of variable sampling effort on the scaling behavior of the link density property: results from (A) random web/link sample bias model (Kenny and Loehle 1991) and (B) the cascade model (Cohen et al. 1990). Limited sampling effort is simulated by discarding all links smaller (in term of biomass transferred) than a link threshold value in A and by sampling different numbers of items in a hypothetical distribution of link importance in B. Scale dependence is built in both models and is recovered with a high sampling effort. The relationship between link density and web size becomes weaker as sampling effort decreases. With low sampling effort, the link density increases smoothly up to about 15 species and then levels off, becoming scale invariant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scaling-behavior-of-the-link-density-property-for-3cj0uoli.png Figure 2: Scaling behavior of the link density property for three collections of food webs at different link threshold values (LT). A, Tropical fish communities (adapted with permission from Winemiller 1990). B, Seasonal macroinvertebrate communities of a detritus-based stream (Tavares-Cromar and Williams 1996). C, Seasonal webs of Little Rock Lake, Wisconsin. All trophic links are taken into account when LT 5 0 (see the text for the units). In all cases, increasing LT, thus simulating a decrease in sampling effort, leads to a weaker dependence of the link density to scale. Lines are the result of linear regressions; in B, the inset gives the slope estimates. https://scispace.com/papers/scale-out-ccnuma-exploiting-skew-with-strongly-consistent-1osxu5ezd3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-design-space-for-guaranteeing-a-single-global-order-2cqxcx7v.png Figure 4: Design space for guaranteeing a single global order for writes on a per-key basis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-session-b-seeing-the-old-value-is-a-violation-of-1wdb6ayj.png Figure 5: Session B seeing the old value is a violation of Lin, but not SC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sessions-b-andc-do-not-agree-on-the-order-of-writes-1e33xs0h.png Figure 6: Sessions B andC do not agree on the order of writes and hence this is a SC violation (also a Lin violation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-network-traffic-breakdown-9-nodes-a-0-99-2hksvmy2.png Figure 11: Network traffic breakdown. [9 nodes, α = 0.99] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-sensitivity-to-write-ratio-9-nodes-a-0-99-pdhccjs8.png Figure 10: Sensitivity to write ratio. [9 nodes, α = 0.99] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-break-down-of-completed-requests-in-cckvs-for-a-qqooj9ys.png Figure 9: Break-down of completed requests in ccKVS for a read-only workload with varying skew. [9 nodes] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-requiredwrite-actions-for-each-consistencymodel-nr2hbqkn.png Figure 7: Requiredwrite actions for each consistencymodel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-throughput-comparison-for-a-read-only-workload-with-3t7y6law.png Figure 8: Throughput comparison for a read-only workload with varying skew. [9 nodes] https://scispace.com/papers/scale-of-hospitality-firms-and-local-economic-development-4glik5kx0v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-profile-of-hospitality-firms-3byxrl46.png Table 2: Profile of Hospitality Firms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-features-differentiating-small-firms-from-larger-3tw6edwo.png Figure 1: Features differentiating small firms from larger ones https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-profile-of-owners-managers-1ji67yjm.png Table 1: Profile of Owners/Managers https://scispace.com/papers/scale-up-of-palladium-powder-production-process-for-use-in-2kosgqtjm4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-design-drawings-for-the-20-gallon-pfaudler-reactor-ut3hsyf5.png Figure 2. Design drawings for the 20-gallon Pfaudler reactor, showing the dimensions of the components of the reactor, motor drive, and motor (left) and a view of the top of the reactor, showing the positions of the ports (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-reaction-conditions-and-analysis-results-for-2lhwxxvz.png Table II. Reaction Conditions and Analysis Results for Palladium Processing Batches PD301-318 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sem-photomicrographs-for-pd-processing-batches-30448dlq.png Figure 5. SEM photomicrographs for Pd processing batches PD506 (left) and PD508 (right) - see text for discussion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-reaction-conditions-and-analysis-results-for-254kwr9s.png Table III. Reaction Conditions and Analysis Results for Palladium Processing Batches PD501-509 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-palladium-powder-specifications-302lfjcg.png Table 1. Palladium Powder Specifications https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-photographs-of-the-20-gallon-pfaudler-reactor-left-do2g2zmm.png Figure 1. Photographs of the 20-gallon Pfaudler reactor (left) and the filtration apparatus connected to the reactor (right) for removal of Pd and reaction solution after performing a processing batch. https://scispace.com/papers/scale-up-information-for-gas-phase-ammonia-treatment-of-brkwauw0x7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-changes-in-pore-water-ion-concentrations-a-d-pore-j473j1fl.png Figure 10. Changes in pore-water ion concentrations (a-d), pore-water specific conductivity (e), and bulk conductivity (f) over time after ammonia treatment. Ion concentrations and specific https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ammonia-pore-water-concentration-distribution-in-2qkamq4s.png Figure 7. Ammonia pore-water concentration distribution in heterogeneous systems with a central high-permeability layer (left) and a side high-permeability layer (right). Distributions are after one week of ammonia gas injection (Zhong et al. 2014). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sequential-extraction-of-uranium-from-sediment-3smdq1x9.png Table 1. Sequential extraction of uranium from sediment samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-of-soil-column-leaching-studies-for-ammonia-1uv4z08p.png Figure 4. Results of soil-column leaching studies for ammonia-treated sediments and different types of post-treatment exposure gas (air or carbon dioxide) and time 6 weeks (short incubation) to 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-observed-temperature-response-in-a-1d-soil-column-ylkpe7wp.png Figure 8. Observed temperature response in a 1D soil column with injection of 100% ammonia gas. Note the progression of temperature peaks as the ammonia portioning front moved down the column. The inlet temperature drops below the initial temperature because of a small zone of desiccation that developed during the test near the column inlet (Zhong et al. 2014). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-conceptual-field-layout-cross-section-1mkfpdyx.png Figure 3. Conceptual field layout cross section. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sediment-pore-water-cation-concentration-over-time-208v620f.png Figure 9. Sediment pore-water cation concentration over time during 10% ammonia gas treatment (Hanford Formation sediment) for sediment water content values of 1, 4, 8, and 16 wt%. For comparison, pre-treatment ion concentrations for the 1% water content test are shown to the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-resulting-ph-profile-for-nh3-gas-injection-into-610-2dn89xq7.png Figure 5. Resulting pH profile for NH3 gas injection into 610-cm-long (20-ft) columns at different gas flow rates and associated ammonia velocities within the columns. Stable high pH occurs https://scispace.com/papers/scale-space-for-n-dimensional-discrete-signals-4htn1a80fk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-computational-molecules-corresponding-to-from-left-to-3grd44gz.png Fig. 1. Computational molecules corresponding to (from left to right); (a) discrete iteration with t = = 1 2 , (b) the Laplacean operator when = 1 2 , (c) discrete iteration with t = = 1 3 , and (d) the Laplacean operator when = 1 3 . https://scispace.com/papers/scales-characterising-a-high-density-thin-layer-of-5fe21s479r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequency-of-cell-division-fmax-derived-from-the-3sxq0oxh.png Table 1: Frequency of cell division (fmax) derived from the proportion of paired cells (fc) and recently divided cells (fr) in a population of Dinophysis acuta sampled over a 24 hour period (25 – 26 July, 2007). The proportion of recently divided cells was derived from the number of cells which had incomplete development of the left sulcal list. Samples were taken from the depth of the population maximum at station 28 (see Figure 1) in the Celtic Sea. https://scispace.com/papers/scale-up-study-of-capillary-microreactors-in-solvent-free-zs75xuxvvj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-representative-tem-microphotograph-of-the-pd-zno-1nvwqvdz.png Figure 5. A representative TEM microphotograph of the Pd/ZnO coating removed from the r1.6-1.0 reactor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-kinetic-parameters-for-mby-hydrogenation-obtained-by-3ma82m1c.png Table 1. Kinetic parameters for MBY hydrogenation obtained by regression analysis of experimental data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-parity-plot-for-mby-conversion-in-the-p4ozjbjm.png Figure 10. Parity plot for MBY conversion in the microreactors for capillary 0.53 mm i.d. microreactors (r0.53) at liquid flow rates of (■) 10 µL min-1 and (♦) 40 µL min-1, and in 1.6 mm i.d. millireactors (r1.6) at liquid flow rate of (▲) 10 µL min-1. Dashed line corresponds to perfect agreement. The numbers in the parentheses refer to the Pd loading in kg m-3 in the corresponding reactors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scheme-of-the-capillary-reactor-setup-1sqp2vfa.png Figure 1. Scheme of the capillary reactor setup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-powder-x-ray-diffraction-pattern-of-the-pd-zno-3vdr9k1n.png Figure 4. Powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the Pd/ZnO catalytic coating extracted from a millireactor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cross-sectional-sem-photographs-of-the-1-6-mm-i-d-1086cgl8.png Figure 3. Cross sectional SEM photographs of the 1.6 mm i.d. capillary reactors wall-coated with Pd/ZnO, total Pd content is (a) 0.17, (b) 1.03, (c) 1.23, (d) 1.76 kg (Pd) m-3(reactor). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-concentration-profiles-of-solvent-free-mby-2hjberl6.png Figure 9. Concentration profiles of solvent-free MBY hydrogenation in a batch reactor on the 2. % Pd/ZnO reference catalyst at 70 C and ambient H2 pressure. Curves present results of kinetic modelling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-scheme-of-2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol-hydrogenation-t9x0mxcg.png Figure 8. Scheme of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol hydrogenation reactions. https://scispace.com/papers/scaling-and-packing-on-a-chip-multiprocessor-4xbhkj2c25 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-apache-throughtput-test-2cyqpi9t.png Figure 5. Apache throughtput test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparing-configurations-using-same-number-of-1y6ndrlc.png Figure 4. Comparing configurations using same number of processors (8). Normalized results for 3 NPB benchmarks at 1.8GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-opteron-microarchitecture-3rckyooj.png Figure 1. Opteron microarchitecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-computationintensive-program-daxpy-22r87r82.png Figure 2. Computationintensive program (daxpy). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-packing-of-hpc-workloads-on-a-single-node-3sfnb4pm.png Figure 3. Packing of HPC workloads on a single node. Normalized results for 3 NPB benchmarks at 1.8GHz. https://scispace.com/papers/scaling-and-dimensional-analysis-of-acoustic-streaming-jets-3xr4q2i2uk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-configuration-side-view-the-sound-pdvq1kj3.png FIG. 1. Experimental configuration (side view); the sound-absorbing wall with the hole is covered with a plastic film to impose a no-slip boundary condition for the hydrodynamic flow. The origin of the coordinates (x,y,z) is chosen at the center of this hole. The domain of investigation, situated on the right-hand side of the absorbing wall with a hole (x > 0) is 16 cm deep, 18 cm wide, and 47 cm long. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-map-of-acoustic-pressure-amplitude-in-the-1k65rerm.png FIG. 2. Experimental map of acoustic pressure amplitude in the horizontal middle plane (xy). The measurement has been made in three separate runs. The acoustic source is situated at x ≈ −Lf. These measurements have been performed without the acoustically transmitting wall otherwise situated at x = 0 and represented here by a vertical dashed line. The wall has been removed to show the near field/far field structure. Note that the scale is very different on the y-axis and on the x-axis, so that this figure represents in fact a very elongated region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plot-of-experimental-velocities-to-assess-the-validity-wukoe0az.png FIG. 5. Plot of experimental velocities to assess the validity of Eq. (22). Markers correspond to experimental measurements obtained at different acoustic powers. The heavy solid line corresponds to Eq. (22); the thin lines are obtained by linear regression to the experimental data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-plot-of-experimental-velocities-to-assess-the-validity-36eenj9d.png FIG. 4. Plot of experimental velocities to assess the validity of Eq. (19). The velocities measured in our experiment and in several former studies are plotted as a function of the expression appearing under the radical sign in Eq. (19). The black line has a slope of 12 in this log-log plot. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-physical-property-values-useful-for-the-estimation-27yinu7w.png TABLE V. Physical property values useful for the estimation of the acoustic attenuation coefficient in liquid iron, silicon, and sodium. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-variables-of-the-problem-their-units-and-the-1fs21f6s.png TABLE IV. Variables of the problem, their units and the corresponding dimensionless groups. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-profiles-of-normalized-acoustic-intensity-jbopgg8v.png FIG. 3. Experimental profiles of normalized acoustic intensity (dots) and normalized axial velocity (solid black lines) along the y axis at x = 0.5 Lf, x = Lf and x = 1.3 Lf for an acoustic power of 2.8 W. The two oblique dashed lines correspond to the diffraction cone (Eq. (14)). Note that, since Lf = Ds2/(4λ) Ds in our experiment, the scale is very different on the y-axis and on the x-axis, so that this figure represents in fact a very elongated region. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-scale-and-ratio-of-the-main-parameters-for-a-model-e0fb1oor.png TABLE VII. Scale and ratio of the main parameters for a model experiment in water in similarity with test cases featuring silicon and sodium. https://scispace.com/papers/scaling-laws-and-memory-effects-in-the-dynamics-of-liquids-2tpdptqqtg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-memory-functions-of-the-tracer-particle-for-mass-ratio-szym5ps6.png Fig. 1. Memory functions of the tracer particle for mass ratio M/m = 1 (a), M/m = 10 (b), M/m = 100 (c), and M/m = 1000 (d), respectively, and different particle sizes. The diameter of the tracer particle is d = 21/6σ + δ with σ = 0.29599 nm. The insets show the corresponding normalized velocity autocorrelation functions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-logalog-plot-of-the-coherent-dynamic-structure-factor-3g6ayqch.png Fig. 2. LogÄlog plot of the coherent dynamic structure factor of lysozyme as a function of frequency for q = 10 nm−1. The solid line represents the simulation results; and the dashed line, the ˇtted fBD model. The parameters of the ˇt are τ = 4.0 ps and β = 0.5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-memory-function-of-the-coherent-dynamic-structure-3513s6tu.png Fig. 3. Memory function of the coherent dynamic structure factor at q = 10 nm−1 for lysozyme (solid line) as compared to water (broken line). The inset shows the corresponding dynamic structure factors. More explanations are given in the text https://scispace.com/papers/scaling-data-race-detection-for-partitioned-global-address-4nv9bnwz6n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scalability-of-the-different-sampling-methods-when-14gfwlht.png Figure 4: Scalability of the different sampling methods when running the tool on the NAS Parallel Benchmarks, classes C and D. The overhead of instruction sampling I is very high compared to the others and it has been omitted for presentation purposes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-time-for-the-search-operation-in-interval-378p14i4.png Figure 3: Average time for the search operation in Interval Skiplist. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-time-for-the-insert-operation-in-interval-2dzgdo6t.png Figure 2: Average time for the insert operation in Interval Skiplist. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-breakdown-of-data-race-detection-overhead-for-the-3d6jbie3.png Figure 1: Breakdown of data race detection overhead for the CG class A benchmark running on 16 cores and class D running on 2048 cores. The F and FA configurations did not finish for the class D experiment. At the mid-point HA.5 the probability of sampling a function invocation decays from 1 to 0, by 0.5 each time a function invocation is instrumented. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-key-for-the-experiment-naming-scheme-e7me5dih.png Table 2: Key for the experiment naming scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-for-the-nas-parallel-benchmarks-class-c-3c62qqg0.png Table 1: Statistics for the NAS Parallel Benchmarks class C, guppie and psearch running on 16 cores. We report the races found as A(B) + C(D), where A represents the number of races detected by the original UPC-Thrille tool with B of them confirmed, and C represents the additional number of races detected with our extensions with D of them confirmed through phase II. Some execution overheads are omitted (-), due to configuration errors. https://scispace.com/papers/scaling-of-fat-link-irrelevant-clover-fermions-eu47p5k4hp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-fit-parameters-and-2df-for-joint-and-separate-fits-3e9mcnfe.png TABLE II. Fit parameters and 2DF for joint and separate fits of the FLIC, NP-improved clover and Wilson hadron masses We fit to an ansatz of the form mH= p H0 H1a p H2a2 , where the hadron, H, can be the vector meson, V, or the nucleon, N. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-nucleon-and-vector-meson-masses-for-the-wilson-mean-3p2ya5yx.png FIG. 1. Nucleon and vector meson masses for the Wilson, Mean-Field (MF) improved, NP-improved clover, domain wall, fixed point, improved staggered and FLIC actions obtained by interpolating simulation results to m =m 0:7. Results from the current simulations are indicated by the solid symbols; those from earlier simulations by open or hatched symbols. The solid lines illustrate fits, constrained to have a common continuum limit, to FLIC, NP-improved clover and Wilson fermion-action results obtained on physically large lattice volumes. Further details are provided in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/scaling-of-structure-and-electrical-properties-in-ultrathin-n0exzry1bx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-thickness-dependence-of-the-normal-3ir7en0d.png FIG. 6. Color online Thickness dependence of the normal average polarization P, the tetragonality c /a, and the out-of-plane piezoelectric constant d33 at room temperature. Values of these quantities at the bulk level are indicated by the dashed lines for the unstrained configuration and by the dotted lines for a geometry under the strain imposed by the substrate. The evolution of the domain structure, from a monodomain configuration at large thicknesses, where the depolarization field Ed is small, to a 180° stripe domains to minimize the energy associated with Ed is presented in the inset. Standard deviation distributions, obtained from averaging over different numbers of Monte Carlo steps in many simulations, starting with different seeds for the random number generator, are indicated by error bars. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-thickness-dependence-of-the-normal-average-2ptda9so.png FIG. 8. Thickness dependence of the normal average polarization under the effect of an external applied field of 3 MV/cm at room temperature. Even at such high fields, the 180° domains remain pinned, thus resulting in a reduced average polarization. The bulk strained value in zero field dashed line is presented for comparison. The error bars have the same meaning as in Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-local-mode-displacements-of-the-cells-12aj0nqr.png FIG. 7. Color online Local mode displacements of the cells situated in a transverse cut of the film at different thicknesses: a 350 Å, b 150 Å, and c 60 Å. The arrows give the direction of the displacement projected on a yz plane, where z is the normal direction to the interface, and the arrows’ length indicates the projected magnitudes. A sharp monodomainpolydomain phase transition is observed at a thickness around 150 Å. Above this critical thickness panel a , the local mode is reduced, and even locally reversed by the effect of the residual depolarization field. Below the critical thickness, domains of opposite polarization nucleate and grow with decreasing thickness till a 50/50 configuration, with no net polarization, is formed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-high-resolution-lattice-image-of-the-3lotj5zj.png FIG. 1. Color online a High-resolution lattice image of the PZT film grown on SRO/STO. The film is 14 unit cell thick. The image shows a sharp and coherent interface between the ferroelectric and bottom electrode. b Out-of-plane, c, and in-plane, a, axis lattice parameter as a function of layer. The lattice parameter of SrTiO3 3.905 Å was used to calibrate the values. c Local layer-by-layer lattice tetragonality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-piezoresponse-force-microscopy-pfm-image-qd8gfpf4.png FIG. 9. Color online Piezoresponse force microscopy PFM image for the 150 and 50 Å thick films. a PFM image after application of +5 and −5 V bias to the inner 3 and 1 m2 regions, respectively. b Profile along the line AA highlighted in a . c and d are respective PFM and profiles for the 50 Å thick film. The contrast scales are the same for both images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-dc-afm-images-at-four-different-values-of-3ilydx5v.png FIG. 3. Color online dc-AFM images at four different values of the bias voltage: a 0 V, b 0.4 V, c 0.8 V, and d 1.5 V. The images are a 1 1 m2 scan of the 50 Å PZT/SRO/STO sample. The color scale on the right of each image corresponds to ranges of a 0.00–0.549 nA, b 0.00–1.01 nA, c 0.00–2.4 nA, and d 0.00–8.54 nA, indicating the amount of current passing through the sample. The sample has low leakage, characterized by the absence of bright regions. Only after the application of high fields larger than 2.4 MV/cm do conductive regions white/light colored appear, as seen in d . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-synchrotron-x-ray-002-scan-for-the-50-a-2jgt0qr0.png FIG. 2. Color online a Synchrotron x-ray 002 scan for the 50 Å thick film. The peak position of 002 PZT, 200 SRO, and STO are labeled. b hkl scan around 102 peak of the 50 Å thick film. c Tetragonality measured as a function of film thickness. For films below 200 Å thick a 1% increase in the tetragonality with respect to the bulk value is observed due to in-plane compression. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-switchable-polarization-as-a-function-of-28z06ubi.png FIG. 4. Color online Switchable polarization as a function of film thickness. a Switching transients P as a function of film thickness for a pulse width of 2 s and applied field of 2 MV/cm. A clear decrease in the signal is observed as a function of decreasing thickness, thus suggesting a decrease in switchable polarization. The inset shows the switching transient for a 50 Å thick film. b P as a function of film thickness calculated by integration of the switching transients. As the film thickness decreases, the magnitude of switchable polarization decreases; thus the films, in contrast to the structural measurements, show a clear size effect in the polarization measurements. c Switched polarization as a function of applied field for five thicknesses: 50 Å, 80 Å, 150 Å, 300 Å, and 500 Å. The thinner films show significantly high switching field and low switched polarization. https://scispace.com/papers/scaling-of-normal-form-analysis-coefficients-under-2ugq9w4gy7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-load-flow-bus-data-pu-base-100-mva-1exxkryk.png TABLE V LOAD FLOW BUS DATA (PU, BASE 100 MVA) https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-line-flows-pu-base-100-mva-1nbk71dc.png TABLE VI LINE FLOWS (PU, BASE 100 MVA) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-line-impedance-data-pu-base-100-mva-26wffki0.png TABLE IV LINE IMPEDANCE DATA (PU, BASE 100 MVA) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-31ayt5jy.png TABLE II https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-area-4-generator-system-reactances-in-pu-with-100-3h0g38xf.png Fig. 1. Two-area, 4-generator system (reactances in pu with 100 MVA base). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-eigenvalues-of-4-generator-system-3vmm1xcw.png TABLE I EIGENVALUES OF 4-GENERATOR SYSTEM https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-index-i1-dtva2cq9.png TABLE III INDEX I1 https://scispace.com/papers/scaling-properties-of-superoscillations-and-the-extension-to-3inlflj5jq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-f-versus-least-degree-approximating-1v13fad8.png Figure 2. Comparison of f versus least degree approximating polynomial p and 4th degree Taylor polynomial T4. Superoscillatory stretch of the functions shown in zoom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-real-line-f-versus-periodic-fper-2imhjpgn.png Figure 3. Comparison of real line f versus periodic fper. Superoscillatory stretch of the functions shown in zoom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-comparison-of-l-per-with-l-as-a-function-of-d-1-2khxl0rn.png Figure 4. a) Comparison of λ?per with λ ? as a function of δ−1, for various values of M . b) Plot of lnC as a function of M . The equation for the least squares fit is also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-f-versus-f-both-scaled-and-unscaled-1egn0yll.png Figure 1. Comparison of f versus f̃ (both scaled and unscaled). Superoscillatory stretch of the functions shown in zoom. https://scispace.com/papers/scaling-out-community-watershed-management-for-multiple-1z3r9j2lks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-3-scaling-out-the-benefits-of-watershed-ws-20q0pj7l.png Fig. 14.3. Scaling-out the benefits of watershed (WS) development. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-2-distribution-of-watersheds-according-to-internal-akp9j0df.png Fig. 14.2. Distribution (%) of watersheds according to internal rate of return (Source: Joshi et al., 2005). https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-2-summary-of-benefits-from-the-sample-watershed-1rpuspff.png Table 14.2. Summary of benefits from the sample watershed studiesa. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-1-distribution-of-watersheds-according-to-benefit-1jjlgzqm.png Fig. 14.1. Distribution (%) of watersheds according to benefit–cost ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-1-agricultural-sustainability-criteria-and-8qudwwbx.png Table 14.1. Agricultural sustainability criteria and indicators. https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-3-summary-of-benefits-from-the-watershed-studies-2nyw60ga.png Table 14.3. Summary of benefits from the watershed studies according to economic status of the regiona. https://scispace.com/papers/scaling-properties-and-asymptotic-spectra-of-finite-models-38v9s2z8b1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-ratio-b-e2-4-2-b-e2-2-0-for-n-10-32-and-100-38a6dbwp.png FIG. 4. The ratio B E2:4 ! 2 =B E2:2 ! 0 for N 10, 32, and 100. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-excitation-energies-of-the-hamiltonian-h13-of-eq-13-3j9alb5g.png FIG. 3. Excitation energies of the Hamiltonian Ĥ13 of Eq. (13) for a system of 32 bosons as a function of . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-excitation-energies-for-some-low-lying-states-of-the-3r4vkcvn.png FIG. 5. Excitation energies for some low-lying states of the Hamiltonian Ĥ13 at the critical point for N 10 and 60, in units of the excitation energy of the first excited state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-log-log-plot-of-the-excitation-energies-of-the-first-3qtodgig.png FIG. 6. A log-log plot of the excitation energies of the first excited state of Ĥ13 at the critical point as a function of N. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-excitation-energies-of-the-hamiltonian-h12-of-eq-1-for-cizzbhd4.png FIG. 1. Excitation energies of the Hamiltonian Ĥ12 of Eq. (1) for a system of 60 bosons as a function of . Each energy level is an SO(5) multiplet of states and is labeled by an SO(5) angular momentum v known as seniority. https://scispace.com/papers/scaling-up-microfinance-for-india-s-rural-poor-2q1ge8c95e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-international-comparisons-of-area-covered-per-3fbf2j0n.png Figure 1: International Comparisons of Area Covered Per Branch https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-share-of-rural-household-debt-by-source-of-credit-1ytzn184.png Table 2: Share of rural household debt by source of credit, All India, 1951-91 (percentages) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-aspects-of-formal-borrowing-and-its-costs-acpxox4r.png Table 5: Aspects of formal borrowing and its costs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-accounts-figure-3-credit-1jlzxmu1.png Figure 2: Distribution of Accounts Figure 3: Credit outstanding by source https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-status-of-rural-banks-in-india-1fz7ry5t.png Figure 5: Status of Rural Banks in India https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-shg-membership-by-type-of-households-pgj9t8qj.png Table 8. SHG membership by type of households https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regional-differences-in-the-distribution-of-z4psxq3v.png Table 4. Regional differences in the distribution of financial services https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-low-access-to-formal-finance-rfas-2003-1kkf0k2k.png Figure 4: Low access to formal finance – RFAS-2003 https://scispace.com/papers/scaling-up-obesity-and-ncd-prevention-in-the-eastern-2cqp42etmp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-trans-fat-intake-in-countries-of-the-eastern-29nkf3nd.png Figure 3: Trans fat intake in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean region based on a Bayesian model [65] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-saturated-fat-intake-in-countries-of-the-eastern-ksrm1e81.png Figure 2: Saturated fat intake in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean region based on a Bayesian model [65] https://scispace.com/papers/scan-based-volume-animation-driven-by-locally-adaptive-211pg8d940 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-global-vs-local-deformation-functions-the-left-image-21t94j03.png Fig. 5. Global vs local deformation functions: the left image shows allocated control points (blue dots) and the displacements (white bars) to warp a mismatching block; the middle image is the result of a global deformation approach (RBFs based on TPS) warping entire volume; the right image shows the smooth CPS deformation applied to a local block; The source volume is shown in green and the deformed volume is shown in cyan. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-vbd-and-evd-results-for-the-hand-green-vbd-and-1axibhpx.png Fig. 11. The VBD and EVD results for the hand. Green (VBD) and cyan (EVD) points represents the deformed volume, and the magenta region shows the difference between the deformation and a ground truth volume https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-from-the-left-human-hand-volumes-obtained-from-3d-mri-2paoz4t9.png Fig. 1. From the left: human hand volumes obtained from 3D MRI scans (the template volume is green, and the posed scan is magenta), the template volume registered (blue) to the posed scan, volume visualization of the template deformed to an arbitrary pose using example based volume deformation (EVD) (the clipping plane shows the deformed interior), an EVD result for a knee volume, and a ground truth volume which is not included in the EVD training set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-top-comparison-of-the-2d-clamped-plate-spline-left-27igf19p.png Fig. 6. Top: comparison of the 2D clamped plate spline (left) with a thin plate spline (right) interpolating the same points. The clamped plate spline is both smooth and localized, decaying to zero at the boundary of the unit disc. Bottom: comparison of the 3D biharmonic clamped plate spline (black line) with Gaussian RBF interpolation (red). The plot is the density of a linear section through an interpolated volume. Note that the control points are distributed through the volume and cannot meaningfully be visualized on this plot. The Gaussian RBF interpolation has unnecessary ripples. Increasing σ reduces these, but at the cost of increasing the overshoot. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-registration-results-of-the-hand-volume-ssd-cc-and-2299rqyw.png TABLE 4 Registration results of the hand volume: SSD, CC, and MI are averaged after registering a template pose volume to nine other sample volumes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-non-rigid-articulated-registration-from-the-left-38tzarh4.png Fig. 9. Non rigid articulated registration; from the left column, template volumes in the neutral pose, target volumes, template volumes registered to the target volumes, differences between registrations (cyan points) and target volumes (magenta) with allocated control points at block level 3 (323 resolution blocks), and interior views of the deformed volume; the markers (small dots) in knee volumes are successfully registered and used only for the validation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-complete-system-to-create-an-anatomically-accurate-1ixby986.png Fig. 2. A complete system to create an anatomically accurate deformable human volume model from multiple scans of a live human subject. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-locally-adaptive-non-rigid-volume-registration-from-3glurhrq.png Fig. 7. Locally adaptive non-rigid volume registration: from left, find the maximum mismatching block and allocate control points; constructBs ∗,t∗ (front and back blocks are omitted to simplify the figure); register and deform the local block. https://scispace.com/papers/scallop-enables-accurate-assembly-of-transcripts-through-1k63pbfn2o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-decomposing-an-unsplittable-vertex-a-1mvs4qa2.png Figure 3: Example of decomposing an unsplittable vertex. (a) Subgraph associated with vertex v. The weight of each edge is shown in the parenthesis. Assume that phasing paths contain (e1,e4), (e1,e5), (e2,e5), (e3,e5) and (e3,e6). (b) Bipartite graph Gv (without the dashed edge), and the extended bipartite graph Gv (with the dashed edge). The balanced weights are next to the vertices. The weights given by the optimal solution of the linear programming are next to edges. (c) Updated subgraph after decomposing v. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-of-decomposing-a-splittable-vertex-a-2ukloik7.png Figure 5: Example of decomposing a splittable vertex. (a) Subgraph associated with v. Assume that phasing paths contain (e1,e4), (e1,e5) and (e3,e6). (b) Bipartite graph Gv with balanced weights next to vertices. Optimal decomposition gives S′∗v = {e1,e2}, T ′∗v = {e4,e5}. (c) Updated subgraph after decomposing v. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-illustration-of-decomposing-trivial-vertices-v-a-2735uig9.png Figure 6: Illustration of decomposing trivial vertices v. (a) Subgraph before decomposing v. (b) Subgraph after decomposing v. Notice that we maintain the information that e4 and e5 are preceded by e3 by labeling them as e34 and e35. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-building-splice-graph-and-phasing-paths-17cuolwo.png Figure 2: Example of building splice graph and phasing paths. (a) Alignment of reads to the reference genome. Inferred (partial) exons are marked with blue numbers. Reads that span more than two exons are marked red, from which we can get the set of phasing paths as {(1,3,4),(2,3,5),(1,3,5)}. The abundance of these phasing paths are g(1,3,4) = 2, g(2,3,5) = 1, and g(1,3,5) = 1. (b) The corresponding splice graph and weights for all edges. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-decomposing-a-trivial-vertex-may-not-preserve-all-f8c4xqis.png Figure 7: Decomposing a trivial vertex may not preserve all phasing paths if the splice graph contain nontrivial vertices. (a) Splice graph G with trivial vertex v and nontrivial vertex u. Assume that we have a single phasing path of H = {(e1,e5)}. (b) Updated splice graph G′ after decomposing trivial vertex v. Notice that now we have H ′ = {(e1)}. Since a phasing path with a single edge is not informative, we actually have that H ′ = /0. (c,d) The following decomposition of G′ by applying the subroutine for splittable vertices. Notice that in the final three s-t paths, none of them covers (e1,e5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-the-three-methods-stringtie-transcomb-xowlx6r4.png Figure 1: Comparison of the three methods (StringTie, TransComb, and Scallop) over the 5 testing samples. (A) The precision-sensitivity curves for multi-exon transcripts. Each curve connects 10 points, corresponding to the 10 different minimum coverage thresholds {0,1,2.5,5,7.5,10,25,50,75,100}; the default value of this parameter is circled. (B) The average AUC (area under the precision-sensitivity curve) over the 5 samples. The three groups of bars correspond to TopHat2, STAR, and HISAT2 alignments, respectively (the same for other panels). The error bars show the standard deviation over the 5 samples (the same for other panels). (C) The average sensitivity and precision of multi-exon transcripts for methods running with default parameters. (D) The average sensitivity and precision of multi-exon transcripts for methods running with minimum coverage set to 0. (E) The average sensitivity and precision of single-exon transcripts for methods running with default parameters. (F) The average number of correct transcripts with different number of exons for methods running with minimum coverage set to 0. (G) The average sensitivity and precision of multi-exon transcripts with each subset of transcripts (corresponding to low, middle, and high expression level) as ground truth for methods running with minimum coverage set to 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-with-multiple-optimal-solutions-when-the-2wmi5ab7.png Figure 4: Example with multiple optimal solutions when the extended bipartite graph contains cycles. The balanced weights, i.e., w(·), are next to the vertices. (a, b) Two optimal solutions with deviation of 0 w.r.t. w(·). (c) When −2 < ε < 2, the solution is always optimal. https://scispace.com/papers/scanning-droplet-cell-for-high-throughput-electrochemical-33bot67mj9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-photograph-of-the-scanning-droplet-cell-suspended-27lk3hdd.png FIG. 1. A photograph of the scanning droplet cell suspended over a composition library. The drop of solution at the bottom of the cell contacts a 2.5 mm-diameter region of the working electrode containing a single 1 mm square sample. Nine ports (labeled A through I) are used for the solution flow and insertion of electrodes and fiber optic. The 385 nm light from an internal fiber optic illuminates the working electrode and produces a visible purple glow in the port A PTFE tube. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-mapping-shown-in-fig-3-is-repeated-by-rastering-1xcz1ogh.png FIG. 4. The mapping shown in Fig. 3 is repeated by rastering the droplet cell over the (Fe-Co-Ni)Ox ternary compositions in three separate screens. The results from each of the three screenings demonstrated that the FOM is well repeated for most compositions but increases with repeated testing for Ni-rich compositions due to an aging phenomenon of Ni-rich electrocatalysts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mapping-of-the-oer-catalytic-current-at-0-5-v-3vbzvt26.png FIG. 3. Mapping of the OER catalytic current at 0.5 V overpotential in 0.1 M NaOH. This FOM for each sample of a metal oxide composition library plate (photograph in (a)) is shown in (b) using the false color scale at the bottom right. Combined with two additional plates, the quaternary composition map is shown in (c), where the horizontal planes of data points correspond to 3.3 at. % intervals of Ti concentration. Sets of three planes are plotted together in each of 10 ternary composition plots shown in (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-photoelectrochemical-characterization-of-a-fe0-34sp1ejt.png FIG. 2. (a) The photoelectrochemical characterization of a Fe0.6Co0.26Ni0.07Ti0.07Ox sample in 0.1 M NaOH. The current (black) at a fixed potential was measured during 2 Hz cycling of illumination. The measured current after each illumination transition (blue, dashed) was analyzed and indicated a 70 nA photocurrent (red, right vertical axis). (b) CVs for characterization of a Fe0.57Co0.23Ni0.1Ti0.1Ox (blue) and a Co0.94Ni0.03Ti0.03Ox (green) sample for OER electrocatalysis in 0.1 M NaOH. The forward (solid) and reverse (dashed) sweeps are shown along with the residual current for the forward sweep (dotted). The FOM of catalytic current at 0.5 V is labeled on the blue trace. https://scispace.com/papers/scanning-electrochemical-cell-microscopy-new-perspectives-on-10voue1gzx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-schematic-showing-the-microdroplet-2ptluph1.png Figure 3. (A) Schematic showing the microdroplet electrochemical cell setup used in SNEI experiments. (B) I-t traces (top) showing Ag NP stripping events obtained with two different https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-schematic-of-an-seccm-pipet-landing-on-supported-jbw1qo3k.png Figure 2. (A) Schematic of an SECCM pipet landing on supported and suspended parts of a graphene membrane over a Cu TEM grid (not to scale). (B) Typical approach curves demonstrating the change in idc against z-displacement over supported and suspended graphene. Dashed red and green lines indicate the position where the meniscus first contacted and wetted the graphene surface, respectively. (C) Schematic of the SECCM setup, placed in a custombuilt environmental cell to control oxygen and moisture levels within the meniscus. (D) SECCM surface current image obtained at 0.45 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in 0.05 M H2SO4 and corresponding EBSD image of an area of a polycrystalline Pt electrode. Labels ‘‘I’’, ‘‘II’’, ‘‘III’’ and ‘‘IV’’ highlight four characteristic grains. The scale bar is 10 µm. (A) and (B) were adapted with permission from ref 23. Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society. (D) was reproduced from ref 17 with permission from the Royal Society of Chemistry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-schematic-of-the-voltammetric-seccm-setup-the-3bjzs1tg.png Figure 4. (A) Schematic of the voltammetric SECCM setup. The arrows show the movement of the nanopipet probe along the surface. (B) EBSD image, (C) equipotential image (current map) obtained at 0.60 V vs. RHE and (D) Tafel slope (determined in the potential range 0.45 to 0.65 V vs. RHE) map of the area of a polycrystalline Pt foil used in the hydrazine oxidation electrochemical imaging experiments. Labels ‘‘1’’, ‘‘2’’, ‘‘3’’ and ‘‘4’’ highlight four characteristic grains. The scale bar is 10 μm in all images. (E) Comparison of N2H4 oxidation in a deaerated environment (red), N2H4 oxidation in air (blue), and blank (in air, black), averaged CVs for different grain orientations (numbers indicated). All electrochemical experiments were recorded in a solution of 2 mM N2H4 (absent in the blank) and 0.1 M HClO4 at a scan rate of 100 mV s−1. Adapted with permission from ref 18. Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-of-the-scanning-electrochemical-cell-3mr892ao.png Figure 1. (A) Schematic of the scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) setup, with a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of a double-barreled quartz nanopipet (radius, r = 50 nm) inset. (B) Approach curves of an SECCM probe with dc (idc) and ac (iac) ion conductance current plotted as a function as z extension towards the substrate. Shown above the plots are illustrations delineating three regions; in air, where no contact has been made with the substrate; jump-to-contact (dashed line); and contact. (A) was adapted with permission from ref 4. Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society. https://scispace.com/papers/scanning-electron-microscopy-and-voltammetry-of-3c94gbzwtx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-scanning-electron-micrograph-magnification-2300-of-a-119jvxsn.png Fig. 2. (a) Scanning electron micrograph (magnification 2300) of a polycrystalline platinum wire and (b) the corresponding cyclic voltammogram in l.OM H,SO,, 100 mV/s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cyclic-voltammogram-of-polyc-stall-ne-platinum-as-in-3133kymo.png Fig. 5. Cyclic voltammogram of polyc~stall~ne platinum as in fig. 4 after a repetitive potential scan at 13,000 V/s between 40 and 1400 mV RHE. https://scispace.com/papers/scanning-micro-x-ray-diffraction-unveils-the-distribution-of-pee4bdc7vr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-statistical-distribution-of-the-size-of-the-ortho-j2smna9m.png Figure 3. Statistical distribution of the size of the Ortho-II puddles from data shown in Fig. 2. Panels (a) and (b) show the probability distribution function of spots in the crystal where the Ortho-II puddles have the same size in the a-axis (c-axis in panel b) direction. The puddle size in nanometers is determined from the FWHM of superstructure diffraction qortho-II satellite reflections in the a* (c* in panel b) direction. The measured size of the Ortho-II puddles shows that the number of chains is bigger than the number of CuO2 bilayers in each puddle. This is related with a larger mobility of oxygen defects in the basal plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-temperature-evolution-of-the-qortho-ii-ik1qaqz1.png Figure 5. Temperature evolution of the qortho-II superstructure in the heating cycle followed by the cooling cycle. The average normalized intensity as a function of temperature is shown in panel (a). The squares (red online) and circles (blue online) represent the data collected during the heating and cooling thermal cycles, respectively. The average FWHM along b* and a* direction are plotted in panel (b) and (c) respectively. Panel (d) shows the variation of the size of the Ortho-II puddles oriented in the vertical (open squares red-on-line) and horizontal (open triangles) direction in the sample, during the warming cycle. The difference between the size of vertical and horizontal ortho-II puddles indicated by large filled (red-on-line) dots (filled dots, blue on-line) in the heating (cooling) cycle shows a large value in the range 350K<T<380 K due to the spontaneous symmetry breaking in the fluctuation regime above 350 K. https://scispace.com/papers/scanning-the-critical-fluctuations-application-to-the-182p3motm2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-double-logarithmic-plot-of-h-mh-vs-the-reduced-3rnzjv8o.png FIG. 4. Double-logarithmic plot of H / mH vs the reduced magnetic field HLyH with yH=2 / +1 . These two variables are convenient for the numerical simulations and simply related to the variables X and Y of the text: H / mH =Y mH / mH and HLyH =X A c − / +1 , with the constant values mH / mH 1 and A c − / +1 0.96. The dashed curve is the solution of the first Eq. 8 corresponding to the hypothesis G , while the dotted line is Eq. 11 , with 1= in agreement with Eq. 13 . The system size goes from L=16 up to L=512. Each point corresponds to an average over 100 000 independent realizations 22 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-temperature-system-size-average-magnetization-per-3vw2xlu3.png TABLE I. Temperature, system size, average magnetization per spin, ratio of average magnetization to standard deviation. The best fit for the latter is m c / c=14.81−21.5/L at the BKT temperature TBKT=0.893. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pdf-of-the-magnetization-for-the-2d-xy-model-at-the-1yaqc5we.png FIG. 1. PDF of the magnetization for the 2D XY model at the critical temperature TBKT, plotted in the first-scaling form 4 . The scaling law is confirmed for L=64 stars and L=128 circles , while the L=16 continuous line shows finite-size deviation. Wolff’s single-cluster algorithm was used 13 . Each data set corresponds to average over 25 000 000 independent realizations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-part-m-m-of-the-logarithm-of-the-scaled-pdf-corrected-1gqv2c1e.png FIG. 3. Part m m of the logarithm of the scaled PDF, corrected by the regular part of the free energy, for L=16 and four different temperatures: T=0.3 circles , T=0.6 squares , T=0.8 diamonds , and T=0.885 stars which is close to the critical temperature TBKT 0.893 19 . The plot is versus z1 3 m / m 3. The straight lines are the best fits Eq. 7 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-part-m-m-c-of-the-logarithm-of-the-scaled-pdf-4-vs-1ab6o29j.png FIG. 2. Part m m c of the logarithm of the scaled PDF 4 vs https://scispace.com/papers/scanning-tunneling-spectra-of-impurities-in-the-fe-001-24sm4cc2by 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-local-density-of-states-for-both-spin-directions-for-3k5yb0n0.png FIG. 5. Local density of states for both spin directions for Cr Fe~001!. From bottom to top, at the Cr site, 2.75 Å~second vacuum layer! and 5.5 Å above the impurity, and KKR calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-symmetry-decomposition-of-the-surface-states-for-c-fe-1xd69ozd.png FIG. 6. Symmetry decomposition of the surface states for C Fe~001!. Impurity site and second vacuum layer~2.75 Å! and fourth vacuum layer~5.5 Å! above the impurity, calculated with the KKR method. Full line:D1 symmetry, dotted line:D5 symmetry, dashed line: D2 dashed-dotted line,D2 symmetry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-spin-resolved-local-density-of-states-5-5-a-above-3d-2hrbjid0.png FIG. 7. Spin-resolved local density of states 5.5 Å above 3d impurities in an Fe~001! surface calculated with the KKR method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-local-density-of-states-of-fe-001-calculated-with-the-2g6q14jo.png FIG. 3. Local density of states of Fe~001!, calculated with the FLAPW method, at three different distances from the surface. D ted line: majority DOS; dashed-dotted line: minority DOS; full lin total DOS. A finite slab of 31 ML of Fe with the same lattic constant of 5.22 a.u. as in the KKR calculation has been used. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-contour-plot-of-the-minority-density-of-statesn-qi-e-34ejh8wr.png FIG. 2. Contour plot of the minority density of statesn(qi ,E) with even symmetry~with respect to a mirror plane along the hig symmetry line!, along Ḡ-X̄ and Ḡ-M̄ of the 2D Brillouin zone of bcc~001!, calculated with the KKR method. Dark regions corr spond to high density. Comparison between full-potential~FP! and ASA calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-local-density-of-states-on-the-impurity-site-for-2go1dt1j.png FIG. 4. Local density of states on the impurity site for majority- and minority-spin directions of 3d impurities V, Cr, and Mn and Fe, Co and Ni embedded in the first layer of an Fe~001! surface calculated with the KKR method. https://scispace.com/papers/scalla-structured-cluster-architecture-for-low-latency-43plgezha6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-corrections-when-cn-6-nc-in-fetched-location-object-hrdjjo41.png Figure 3: Corrections when Cn 6= Nc in fetched location object https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-file-location-hash-table-and-eviction-window-245s288b.png Figure 2: File location hash table and eviction window https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scalla-cluster-organization-1gz2hn3u.png Figure 1: Scalla Cluster Organization https://scispace.com/papers/scarcity-weighted-global-land-and-metal-footprints-28cpzizg3h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-direct-land-use-left-land-footprint-center-and-land-2c1kwde8.png Figure 1. Direct land use (left), land footprint (center) and land embodied in net trade (right) according to scarcity-weighted and non-weighted land use for the year 2007. Net trade corresponds to exports minus imports. For direct land use and land footprint, only the top 20 in descending order are shown. For land embodied in net trade, only the top 10 and bottom 10 in ascending order are shown. The complete results can be found in supporting information S1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-variables-and-related-data-sources-2msa8mlz.png Table 1. Summary of variables and related data sources. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-direct-metal-extraction-left-metal-footprint-center-1y0m4kv5.png Figure 2. Direct metal extraction (left), metal footprint (center) and metal embodied in net trade (right) according to scarcity-weighted and non-weighted metal extraction for the year 2007. Net trade corresponds to exports minus imports. For direct metal extraction and metal footprint, only the top 20 in descending order are shown. For metal embodied in net trade, only the top 10 and bottom 10 in ascending order are shown. The complete results can be found in supporting information S1. https://scispace.com/papers/scattering-of-polarized-protons-by-deuterium-in-the-energy-4o5tj2wnc1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-spectra-obtained-with-the-two-forward-counters-o72oqjst.png Fig. 1. Typical spectra obtained with the two forward counters at 200 and 3400 (Lab.) respectively are shown. The proton peak is clearly resolved from https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-3h2zqask.png Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/papers/scattering-of-time-harmonic-electromagnetic-waves-by-4vlcno8okv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1-orientation-of-normals-and-geometry-used-in-the-12lioz1i.png Fig. 4.1. Orientation of normals and geometry used in the existence proof. The shaded region is the impenetrable scatterer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-3-the-h-value-and-all-three-errors-for-the-six-367h8p5l.png Table 6.3 The h value and all three errors for the six meshes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-4-slopes-between-consecutive-meshes-31t1g21e.png Table 6.4 Slopes between consecutive meshes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-2-the-imaginary-part-of-the-total-and-scattered-fields-32094sxo.png Fig. 6.2. The imaginary part of the total and scattered fields. The boundary of the scatterer is a circle of radius 1 outlined in black. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-3-the-computed-and-series-representation-of-the-far-2sd1h91b.png Fig. 6.3. The computed and series representation of the far-field. Figure (a) shows the real part and (b) shows the imaginary part. The exact series solution is the solid line and the far-field computed using the scattered field generated from the finite element code is the dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1-figure-a-shows-the-layer-of-nodes-around-f-that-are-18s5vey9.png Fig. 5.1. Figure (a) shows the layer of nodes around F that are coupled with the nodes on Σ. Figure (b) shows the coarse mesh denoted by m. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-comparison-of-the-number-of-mesh-nodes-and-nonzero-2yh40jfv.png Table 5.1 Comparison of the number of mesh nodes and nonzero entries in the resulting system matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-2-nonzero-entries-in-the-system-matrix-for-the-mesh-m1-2t5wdiqn.png Fig. 5.2. Nonzero entries in the system matrix for the mesh m1. Figure (a) shows the nonzero entries without the coupling of F and Σ and (b) shows only the nonzero entries due to coupling of F and Σ. https://scispace.com/papers/scattered-field-generation-and-optical-forces-in-3lrdx2sphk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-full-wave-simulation-of-the-rotation-of-the-ujj16jrn.png Figure 1. Full-wave simulation of the rotation of the scattering pattern by the angle (a) β = 0, (b) β = π/2, (c) β = π, and (d) β = 3π/2 (radius a 0.2 m,= polarizability 0.01ea = m2, wavelength 6 m,l = A = 1 V/m, 1,e¢ = μ′ = 1). Incident wave propagates from left to right. The bottom of each density plot shows the transformation of the ellipse in virtual space (x′, y′) to the circle in physical space (x, y). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-angle-dependence-of-the-components-of-dielectric-5sqbniwm.png Figure 4. Angle dependence of the components of dielectric permittivity tensor ˆ ˆe m= for B B 0.1,1 2= = B3 = 0, and 0.1 2 3b b b= = = https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-region-of-transformation-in-virtual-space-top-row-eyjxims9.png Figure 3. Region of transformation in virtual space (top row) and direction of the force f exerted by the x-incident plane wave (bottom row) for three sets of parameters in potential function (27): (a) B1 = B3 = 0.2, B2 = 0.1, and 0;1 2 3b b b= = = (b) B1 = B2 = 0.2, B3 = 0, and 2 0;1 2 3b p b b= = = (c) B1 = 0.3, B2 = 0.2, B3 = 0, β1 = π/2, and β2 = β3 = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-distribution-of-the-scattered-electric-field-ex-2o0r6x1d.png Figure 2. (a) Distribution of the scattered electric field Ex specified by the potential function r z r, , sin 0.25 sin 22 ( ) ( ( ))y j j j= - at the wavelength (a) λ = 6 m and (b) 0.3 ml = (radius a 0.2 m,= A = 1 V/m, 1,e¢ = 1m¢ = ). Incident wave propagates from left to right. (c) Coordinate transformation of the region in virtual space (x′, y′) into the circle in physical space (x, y). https://scispace.com/papers/scattering-and-absorption-properties-of-polydisperse-4o3iqdu6ei 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-elements-of-the-normalized-stokes-scattering-matrix-91kzfrby.png Fig. 1. (a) Elements of the normalized Stokes scattering matrix for ‘‘clean’’ polydisperse hosts and polydisperse hosts ‘‘dusted’’ with different numbers of small grains. The refractive index is 1.55þ i0.0003. The inset illustrates the morphology of the compound particles for Ng¼49. (b) As in (a), but for refractive indices 1.55þ i0.3 and 3þ i0.1. The effective radii of the hosts and the small grains are fixed at 1 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ensemble-averaged-extinction-scattering-and-2n1xnb4r.png Table 1 Ensemble-averaged extinction, scattering, and absorption cross sections per compound aerosol particle, single-scattering albedo $, and asymmetry parameter g as functions of the number Ng of small grains covering the surface of a large host. https://scispace.com/papers/scattering-resonances-and-bound-states-for-strongly-2ui2cwgfyq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-low-energy-scattering-length-a1d-for-3p72xu8r.png FIG. 2. (Color online) (a) Low-energy scattering length a1D. For attractive interactions (solid line), we obtain scattering resonances associated with the appearance of additional bound states for increasing interaction strength. The latter is represented by the so-called blockade radius ξ . The normalization λ is defined in the text. For repulsive interactions (dashed line), we find a single zero crossing. (b) Two-polariton spectrum for | | g. For weak interactions ξ/λ = 0.5 (dashed line), we obtain a single bound state below the continuum of scattering states, whereas for strong interactions ξ/λ = 5 (solid lines), we observe the existence of several bound states. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-setup-for-the-electromagnetically-3ntc7yq1.png FIG. 1. (Color online) (a) Setup for the electromagnetically induced transparency. The probe field couples the atomic ground state |G〉 to the p level |P 〉 with the single-particle coupling strength g0, while a strong-coupling laser drives the transition between the p level and the Rydberg state |S〉 with Rabi frequency and detuning δ. Furthermore, 2γ denotes the decay rate from the p level. The single-particle coupling g0 is related to the collective coupling g = √ng0 with n the particle density. (b) Dispersion relation for the three noninteracting polariton branches for g = 5δ, = 0.2δ, and γ = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-illustration-of-ladder-diagrams-up-to-2p6mt6rv.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) Illustration of ladder diagrams up to fourth order. The interaction V (r) is denoted by a wavy line, while the straight lines with an arrow are Green’s functions for the three polariton modes 1/( ω − μ + iη) and the dots mark the overlap factors Usμ and Ū μ s of the polariton with the Rydberg state. The T matrix includes all diagrams to arbitrary order with all possible intermediate polaritons. (b) Parameter ζ (K,ω) measuring the influence of the second pole for g and / = 0.5. In the lowenergy, low-momentum limit, the second pole can be safely neglected, however its influence strongly increases for Kc /2g2 ∼ 1. https://scispace.com/papers/scavenging-of-biomass-burning-refractory-black-carbon-and-2f2f82xln8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-top-noaa-hysplit-back-trajectories-for-warm-sector-air-291yghja.png Fig. 3. (Top) NOAA HYSPLIT back trajectories for warm sector air and cool sector air. (Bottom) MODIS fire locations for 11 May through 20 May 2010, (credit: NASA/GSFC, MODIS Rapid Response). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-noaa-hysplit-rainfall-history-for-the-back-13r4b6is.png Fig. 4. NOAA HYSPLIT rainfall history for the back trajectories indicated in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flight-track-of-the-g-v-white-line-overlaid-on-the-ice-1uodwn2d.png Fig. 1. Flight track of the G-V (white line) overlaid on the ice water path satellite measurements at 05:33. The light blue line represents the approximate location of the near-surface warm front, based on an encounter with it at 08:19 at 2.1 km altitude. The black segments refer to sampling periods discussed in the text. Image courtesy of NASA Langley Research Center. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-number-concentrations-of-total-sp2-scattering-rbc-and-1ppvy8h7.png Fig. 9. Number concentrations of total SP2 scattering, rBC and IN concentrations in CVI residuals versus time (top). 60 s average values versus 2DC concentration (bottom) for the indicated time periods. https://scispace.com/papers/scattertouch-a-multi-touch-rubber-sheet-scatter-plot-53d7a3iu2x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-three-co-located-working-students-using-the-3cylavr2.png Figure 1: Three co-located working students using the ScatterTouch Visualization on a multi touch table. One student distorts the scatter plot grid to define a focus area for discussion. Two information objects are displayed up-scaled to access and compare the meta information. https://scispace.com/papers/scheduling-and-planning-the-outbound-baggage-process-at-2wnkvfe3tf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scheme-of-the-decomposition-heuristic-2owlr95s.png Fig. 2. Scheme of the decomposition heuristic. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-feasible-assignment-of-3-flights-to-4-working-x5d0qqqv.png Fig. 1. Feasible assignment of 3 flights to 4 working stationsf a circulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-flow-network-of-example-1-9c7m1ofd.png Fig. 3. Flow network of example 1. https://scispace.com/papers/scheduling-continuous-operators-for-iot-edge-analytics-4aajxqdmsv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-results-with-costly-fog-computational-resources-1bvhdiar.png Figure 1: Results with costly Fog computational resources https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-with-less-costly-fog-computational-1znjao8q.png Figure 3: Results with less costly Fog computational resources https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dspa-application-used-in-the-evaluationto-simulate-8u2sukud.png Figure 2: DSPA application used in the evaluationTo simulate the random behaviour of the rates of the data streams 𝑆1,𝑆2,𝑆3 and 𝑆4, we create arbitrarily a set of 9 total data stream rates in the interval [512KB/sec, 2256KB/sec]. For each total data stream rate we set an interval [0, total data stream rate] in which we randomly (uniformly) distribute the rate of each of the data stream, so that the sum-rate is equal to the total data stream rate. We wish to have around 15 results of the resource usage costs for each total data stream rate and plot the average of these results per total data stream rate. In this respect, we create a suite of 135 (9*15) total data stream rates that evolve randomly, that we feed to RCS and SOO-CPLEX. For RCS, we maintain the reconfiguration state of the DSPA application between the successive experiments but for SOO-CPLEX, each experiment is independent. https://scispace.com/papers/scheduling-markovian-pert-networks-to-maximize-the-net-1yaevchg48 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-project-3n2ckxmw.png Figure 1: Example project. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-states-and-transitions-2ruv4sav.png Figure 2: Illustration of states and transitions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-total-number-of-states-and-average-maximal-1h0s7uh6.png Table 2: Average total number (#) of states and average maximal fraction (%) of states in memory for the method of Creemers et al. [2]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-total-number-of-states-and-average-maximal-2to1yx1o.png Table 3: Average total number (#) of states and average maximal fraction (%) of states in memory for Algorithm 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-cpu-time-in-seconds-and-number-of-solved-2xlorsfi.png Table 1: Average CPU time in seconds and number (#) of solved instances out of 30. https://scispace.com/papers/scheduling-issues-in-optimistic-parallelization-26x5perqt5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-example-of-processing-several-elements-in-3f6am2of.png Figure 4. An example of processing several elements in parallel. The left mesh is the original mesh, while the right mesh represents the refinement. In the left mesh, the dark grey triangles represent the “bad” elements, while the horizontally shaded are the other elements in the cavity. In the right mesh, the the black points are the newly added points and vertically shaded triangles are the newly created elements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-abort-ratios-for-different-scheduling-policies-when-2og11zke.png Table 1. Abort ratios for different scheduling policies when running the Galois implementation of Delaunay mesh refinement on 4 processors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-execution-time-vs-number-of-processors-i2alsw47.png Figure 6. Execution time vs. Number of processors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-speedup-vs-number-of-processors-1msa85p4.png Figure 7. Speedup vs. Number of processors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-delaunay-mesh-note-that-the-circumcircle-for-each-hi5wx82v.png Figure 1. A Delaunay mesh. Note that the circumcircle for each of the triangles does not contain other points in the mesh. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pseudocode-of-the-mesh-refinement-algorithm-37owxrj1.png Figure 3. Pseudocode of the mesh refinement algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fixing-a-bad-element-2lto9erv.png Figure 2. Fixing a bad element. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-delaunay-mesh-refinement-using-set-iterator-172ryjac.png Figure 5. Delaunay mesh refinement using set iterator https://scispace.com/papers/scheduling-of-the-distributed-thread-abstraction-with-timing-1r06u5fylw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-system-architecture-7jppnbsp.png Figure 2. System architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distributed-thread-319anm4g.png Figure 1. Distributed thread. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-rate-of-met-end-to-end-deadlines-of-the-aperiodic-7ixzfsm6.png Figure 5. Rate of met end-to-end deadlines of the aperiodic distributed threads using EQF method. https://scispace.com/papers/scheduling-meetings-with-distributed-local-consistency-28vhgnp1ot 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-progressive-module-development-at-each-case-euscgd26.png Fig. 1. Progressive module development at each case https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-avg-ensemble-accuracy-fig-9-avg-combination-accuracy-3bz4brkh.png Fig. 8. Avg. ensemble accuracy Fig. 9. Avg. Combination accuracy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-avg-improvement-to-connections-fig-7-avg-feature-9xd8uah7.png Fig. 6. Avg. improvement to connections Fig. 7. Avg. feature reduction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-avg-hidden-neurons-fig-5-avg-reduction-to-features-13u7o0pc.png Fig. 4. Avg. hidden neurons Fig. 5. Avg. reduction to features https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-avg-module-accuracy-fig-3-avg-module-connections-q8fsmv3u.png Fig. 2. Avg. module accuracy Fig. 3. Avg. module connections https://scispace.com/papers/scheduling-packets-over-multiple-interfaces-while-respecting-1y323zbov1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-clustering-formed-when-our-http-proxy-schedules-1tvu0r54.png Figure 11: Clustering formed when our HTTP proxy schedules fairly across multiple interfaces. On the left is the clustering during the 11–18 s of the experiment and 29 s on. On the right is the clustering during 0–11 s and 18–29 s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-tcp-goodput-of-three-inbound-http-flows-scheduled-nvdsmsfl.png Figure 10: TCP goodput of three inbound HTTP flows scheduled fairly using our HTTP proxy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-cdf-of-scheduling-time-as-a-function-of-the-number-5sow1jl8.png Figure 9: CDF of scheduling time as a function of the number of interfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-packet-scheduling-an-edge-between-a-2ut5v2ea.png Figure 1: Examples of packet scheduling. An edge between a flow and an interface indicates the flow’s willingness to use the interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-clusters-formed-through-the-experiment-in-1vh7c19d.png Figure 8: Clusters formed through the experiment in chronological order from left to right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simulation-results-for-three-flows-over-two-2upbs4o8.png Figure 6: Simulation results for three flows over two interfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cdf-of-the-number-of-concurrent-flows-on-our-tsl6l21c.png Figure 7: CDF of the number of concurrent flows on our smartphones. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ideal-implementation-of-midrr-to-schedule-both-2pec22gg.png Figure 4: Ideal implementation of miDRR to schedule both inbound and outbound packets. https://scispace.com/papers/scheduling-the-computations-of-a-loop-nest-with-respect-to-a-ekpeul3k54 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-code-and-dependence-graph-for-example-2-32jxmovf.png Fig. 1. Code and dependence graph for Example 2. https://scispace.com/papers/scheduling-scientific-experiments-on-the-rosetta-philae-47if8or5hv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-old-vs-new-version-of-most-on-8-standard-scenarios-1i0voe7b.png Table 1: Old vs. new version of MOST on 8 standard scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-exact-data-transfer-25v547tx.png Fig. 1: Example of exact data transfer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-two-data-transfer-tasks-with-both-model-3vru8ehy.png Fig. 2: Example of two data transfer tasks with both model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-of-minimal-span-constraint-24lf2tcd.png Fig. 4: Example of minimal span constraint. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-the-two-representations-two-data-m7d5dix5.png Fig. 3: Comparison of the two representations: two data-producing activities t1 and t2 (bottom); The “exact” view of the corresponding transfers, sharing the transfer bus because of gaps due to the low data-producing rate (middle); The alternative reformulation, where this is modeled as sharing the bandwidth (top). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-of-most-ilc-reservoir-2hpf0jdg.png Fig. 5: Example of MOST+ILC-RESERVOIR https://scispace.com/papers/scheduling-on-two-types-of-resources-a-survey-1r0yph6zze 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-optimal-and-heteroprio-on-the-worst-case-instance-3gdply51.png Fig. 5. Optimal and HeteroPrio on the worst case instance (Section 5.1.3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-experimental-results-for-the-linear-algebra-1owso17h.png Fig. 9. Experimental results for the Linear Algebra Independent case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-construction-of-a-chain-of-tasks-based-on-the-idle-m1lqowsi.png Fig. 3. Construction of a chain of tasks based on the idle time intervals, denoted by grey areas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-normalized-performance-and-computation-times-for-3t3dabfg.png Fig. 12. Normalized performance and computation times for Linear Algebra with dependencies, averaged over different numbers of processors and different applications. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-tightness-of-balancedestimate-achieved-withm-1-cpus-k-3r3gcxf3.png Fig. 6. Tightness of BalancedEstimate, achieved withm > 1 CPUs, k = 1 GPU and two types of tasks:m tasks with costs pj = 1 and pj = 1 + ϵ (with ϵ < 1m−1 ), andm + 1 tasks with costs pj = m − 1 and pj = m. After switching processor type roles, BalancedEstimate builds a schedule with makespan 2m − 2, whereas the optimal ism (Section 5.1.4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-of-partitions-of-tasks-into-shelves-for-the-mypxsrt5.png Fig. 4. Example of partitions of tasks into shelves for the algorithms of Section 5.1.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-notations-for-the-execution-of-a-task-denoted-by-j-on-3bgs308f.png Fig. 1. Notations for the execution of a task (denoted by j) on a CPU (x j = 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-experimental-results-for-linear-algebra-with-1psu4uu6.png Fig. 11. Experimental results for Linear Algebra with dependencies. Column labels show the application, row labels show the number of CPUs (10-40) and GPUs (2-8). https://scispace.com/papers/schema-and-motor-memory-consolidation-5go0bod7da 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-shared-novel-and-learned-transitions-in-experiment-3hp7xnbh.png Figure 5: Shared novel and learned transitions in Experiment 2. Mean response time (top row) and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-groups-roman-numerals-label-the-serial-3mnmex5i.png Figure 1. Experimental groups. Roman numerals label the serial (i.e., ordinal) positions of the keys and fingers to be pressed in the sequence. Arabic numerals indicate the fingers to be pressed (1 = left little finger, 2 = left ring, 3 = left middle, 4 = left index, 5 = right index, 6 = right middle, 7 = right ring, and 8 = right little finger). Note that this numbering of the fingers is used here to facilitate understanding of the task; participants were not given this information. The four groups of participants in Experiment 1a (Same, New, Compatible and Incompatible) were trained on the same sequence on Day 1 but different sequences on Day 2 (see the text for details). The Day 2 sequence elements in red font denote those that are in a different ordinal position relative to Day 1. Blue arrows indicate the elements that switched ordinal positions across the two testing days. Day 2 novel transitions that were shared across the New, Compatible and Incompatible groups are underlined in red, whereas learned transitions that were common across the Same, Compatible, and Incompatible groups are underlined in black. The columns on the far right indicate the number of Day 2 transitions that were learned on Day 1, the number of Day 2 transitions that were novel and the compatibility of the ordinal structure across the two testing days (parenthetic clause indicates number of sequence elements out of 8 that are in the same ordinal positions). The Compatible Control group was included as part of Experiment 1b for comparison with the Incompatible group from Experiment 1a. Compatible Control performed the same movement transitions on Day 2 as both the Compatible and Incompatible groups, but at a different starting point (see the text for details). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-shared-novel-and-learned-transitions-in-experiments-bk7szcu5.png Figure 4: Shared novel and learned transitions in Experiments 1a and 1b. Mean response time (top row) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-performance-on-all-transitions-in-experiment-1a-3bh1dtdn.png Figure 2. Performance on all transitions in Experiment 1a. Mean response time (top row) and percentage of correct transitions (bottom row) is shown in (a) for all transitions on Days 1 and 2 as a function of the 20 practice blocks during training and the 4 post-training test blocks, separately for the four groups. Shaded regions represent standard errors of the mean. The main effect of group (collapsed across blocks) during training and test sessions on Day 2 is depicted in (b). Brackets indicate significant pairwise differences between groups (p < .05). Error bars represent standard errors of the mean. Tr = training. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-characteristics-and-sleep-vigilance-data-1hm43p0q.png Table 1. Participant characteristics and sleep/vigilance data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experiment-2-generation-task-3mij3vdf.png Table 3. Experiment 2 generation task. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experiment-1-generation-task-3c0wflh8.png Table 2. Experiment 1 generation task. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shared-novel-and-learned-transitions-in-experiment-28ziivmt.png Figure 3. Shared novel and learned transitions in Experiment 1a. Mean response time (RT; top row) and percentage of correct transitions (bottom row) on Day 2 are shown in (a) as a function the 20 practice blocks during training and the 4 post-training test blocks. Results are shown separately for the novel transitions shared among the New, Compatible, and Incompatible groups (left panel) and learned transitions shared among the Same, Compatible, and Incompatible groups (right panel). Shaded regions represent standard errors of the mean. Main effect of group (collapsed across blocks) during training (Tr) and test (Te) sessions on the Day 2 novel transitions are depicted in (b) for RT (left) and percentage of correct transitions (right). Brackets indicate significant pairwise differences between groups (p < .05). Error bars represent standard errors of the mean. Transition type (Novel vs. Learned) x group (Compatible vs. Incompatible) interactions are depicted in (c) for the Day 2 test phase. The asterisk indicates a significant interaction (p < 0.05). For completeness, performance on the shared learned and novel transitions is also depicted for the Same and New groups, respectively. Error bars represent standard errors of the mean. https://scispace.com/papers/scheduling-traffic-for-maximum-switch-lifetime-in-optical-30k6tw31qx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-throughput-and-fatigue-for-constant-uniform-request-2t4ks5bu.png Table 1: Throughput and fatigue for constant uniform request matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-fatigue-cost-per-chunk-for-unias-request-6vi7dpaj.png Table 5: Average fatigue cost per chunk for UniAS request matrices when µ = 100, for a 64 × 64 switch https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-performance-under-a-real-traffic-matrix-measured-in-3e2xnj6p.png Table 13: Performance under a real traffic matrix measured in a Microsoft data center https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pseudocode-of-gen-dec-scheduling-algorithm-20jghd89.png Figure 4: Pseudocode of Gen-DEC scheduling algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-approximated-performance-for-diag-and-gexa-when-n-1qmahio8.png Table 4: Approximated performance for Diag and GExa when N → ∞ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-analytical-and-simulated-results-for-the-average-2a3toyk5.png Figure 5: Analytical and simulated results for the average frame-expansion ratio E[S ] and for different request matrices under the Diag algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-performance-under-mudas-scenario-k-10-1z4xg0vp.png Table 10: Performance under MudAS scenario (K = 10) https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-performance-under-umudas-scenario-k-10-2ypq7crb.png Table 11: Performance under UMudAS scenario (K = 10) https://scispace.com/papers/scheme-for-cheating-prevention-in-online-exams-during-social-5er4p8aan7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-g-factor-versus-the-position-of-the-cheating-3jstzc6z.png Figure 5. g-factor versus the position of the cheating student (M1=N=78, M2=100, and Q=4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-to-six-students-six-mcqs-of-different-lengths-are-xmpkssvj.png Figure 7. To six students, six MCQs of different lengths are provided to each student one by one in a circular left shift scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-to-six-students-eight-mcqs-are-provided-to-each-glahzdhl.png Figure 4. To six students, eight MCQs are provided to each student one by one in a circular left shift scheme, which an enhanced version of the exam shown in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flowchart-of-presenting-questions-in-a-spatially-fa5vo6js.png Figure 2. Flowchart of presenting questions in a spatially diversified temporally controlled fashion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-asc-scores-under-different-combinations-of-m1-15t9zesj.png Table 5. Mean ASC scores under different combinations of M1 and K (N = 80, Q = 4). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-probabilities-of-greens-chances-in-2i0azjy4.png Table 1. Comparison of the probabilities of Green’s chances in the exam with and without cheating, where Pf(x) and Pc(x) stand for probabilities of Green getting x questions right out of M correct in the fair and cheated exams respectively (Q = 4, z = 3 as shown in Figure 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-the-probabilities-of-purples-chances-38hu995d.png Table 2. Comparison of the probabilities of Purple’s chances in the exam with and without cheating, similar to Table 1 for Green. Note that due to his/her favorable position, Purple gains more than Green from Red in the exam. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-asf-asc-and-the-g-values-for-different-scenarios-in-p22hrl8j.png Table 3. ASF, ASC, and the g values for different scenarios in Figure 1 (N=M1=M2=6, Q=4). https://scispace.com/papers/schlouder-a-broker-for-iaas-clouds-23uxv3hr5z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-omssa-and-montage-characteristics-2hqu4zah.png Table 2: OMSSA and Montage characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-simulation-engine-efficiency-accuracy-for-estimated-1bjgx1bf.png Figure 9: Simulation Engine efficiency accuracy for estimated and consolidated task durations https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-makespans-in-s-and-costs-in-btu-for-each-strategy-301zno2k.png Table 4: Makespans (in s) and costs (in BTU) for each strategy (average over all runs, all platforms) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristics-of-our-four-testbeds-3q7phlb3.png Table 3: Characteristics of our four testbeds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3x3-executions-on-icps-cloud-with-asap-left-and-7ilkrgb0.png Figure 6: 3x3 executions on icps-cloud with ASAP (left) and AFAP (right) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-scheduling-strategies-with-their-respective-1wgejy3j.png Table 1: The scheduling strategies with their respective parameters for algorithm 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-lrt-execution-using-afap-on-icps-cloud-left-and-on-1fp6chuz.png Figure 7: lrt execution using AFAP on icps-cloud (left) and on BonFIRE-de-hlrs (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2x2-executions-using-asap-on-bonfire-fr-inria-left-3q928esk.png Figure 5: 2x2 executions using ASAP on BonFIRE-fr-inria (left) and BonFIRE-de-hlrs (right) https://scispace.com/papers/school-attitude-and-perceived-teacher-acceptance-448cwudj1l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-estimates-and-standard-errors-in-20881kgx.png Table 2 Parameters Estimates (and Standard Errors in Parentheses) from the Latent Growth Curve Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-goodness-of-fit-indices-xvmn0hhg.png Table 1 Goodness-of-fit Indices https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-cross-lagged-panel-model-for-the-temporal-2a6304hz.png Figure 1. The cross-lagged panel model for the temporal relations between school attitude and perceived teacher acceptance. Standardised coefficients are presented. *** p < .001; ** p < .01; * p < .05. https://scispace.com/papers/schizophrenia-and-a-high-resolution-map-of-the-three-1fs3590dwe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-analysis-of-hi-c-features-qxb2tp26.png Table 1. Analysis of Hi-C features https://scispace.com/papers/school-closure-and-educational-attainment-evidence-from-a-35mgmt81ui 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-effect-of-school-closure-on-grade-retention-ols-with-2tcazblg.png Table 9: Effect of school closure on grade retention: OLS with fixed effects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-school-size-and-students-characteristics-1wv1hz63.png Figure 2: School size and students characteristics approaching the closure https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-placebo-for-the-effect-of-school-closure-on-student-29kkwfj4.png Table 4: Placebo for the effect of school closure on student dropout https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-differences-between-schools-closing-and-not-closing-20x5eur0.png Table 1: Differences between schools closing and not closing https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-marginal-effect-of-school-closure-on-grade-retention-3kesouox.png Table 8: Marginal effect of school closure on grade retention (Equation (2)) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-differences-in-covariates-among-different-treatment-20139gp7.png Table 2: Differences in covariates among different treatment and control groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effect-of-school-closure-on-grade-retention-equation-tx5qdjrr.png Table 5: Effect of school closure on grade retention (Equation (1)) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-school-closure-on-student-dropout-5o3d04o1.png Table 3: Effect of school closure on student dropout https://scispace.com/papers/school-related-anxiety-symptomatology-in-a-community-sample-50rq4x99j6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-spearmans-correlations-between-teacher-and-parent-3e9rid7f.png Table 2 Spearman’s Correlations between Teacher and Parent Measures of Child Anxiety with Median (IQR) Scores for ASC-ASD and SCQ https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-difference-between-scores-on-similar-items-between-1px10kzm.png Table 3 Difference between Scores on Similar Items between Parent-Completed ASC-ASD and Teacher-Completed SAS-TR https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-median-iqr-sas-tr-total-and-subscale-score-for-the-2a4g4hre.png Table 1 Median (IQR) SAS-TR Total and Subscale Score for the Total Sample and Comparisons by Age Cohort, Gender, and Educational Placement https://scispace.com/papers/school-governance-teacher-incentives-and-pupil-teacher-1zr8j49sx3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-of-endline-test-scores-by-school-and-3eexziv2.png Fig. 1. Distribution of endline test scores, by school and teacher types. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-contract-teacher-retention-and-promotion-19v7mh5x.png Table 6 Contract teacher retention and promotion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-teacher-effort-and-pedagogy-2acshgk6.png Table 3 Teacher effort and pedagogy. https://scispace.com/papers/schooling-and-educational-attainment-evidence-from-4ghlxphwh2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-censored-ordered-probit-estimates-of-highest-grade-3vb02wtb.png Table 6: Censored Ordered Probit Estimates of Highest Grade Attained (13 - 24 years) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variable-description-and-descriptive-statistics-j13z5xuc.png Table 1: Variable Description and Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parental-education-and-child-education-31i54125.png Table 3: Parental Education and Child Education https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-descriptive-statistics-on-current-enrolment-2b5rqi79.png Table 2: Selected Descriptive Statistics on Current Enrolment and Years of Schooling, by Age https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-first-stage-ols-estimates-for-log-per-adult-5695fm9c.png Table 4: First Stage OLS Estimates for Log Per Adult Household Expenditure https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-marginal-effects-from-censored-ordered-probit-gnls5691.png Table 7: Marginal Effects from Censored Ordered Probit Estimation of Highest Grade Attained (13 - 24 years) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-binary-probit-estimates-of-current-enrolment-6-12-dm8w87yb.png Table 5: Binary Probit Estimates of Current Enrolment (6 - 12 years) https://scispace.com/papers/school-start-times-and-teenage-driver-motor-vehicle-crashes-2jq1jwrchi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-summary-of-separate-time-period-analyses-model-5-17ydlbf6.png Table 15. Summary of separate time period analyses, model (5) results for Fayette County KY. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-model-5-for-the-time-series-from-forsyth-wg531z0l.png Table 4. Results of model (5) for the time series from Forsyth County, NC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-summary-table-of-the-parameter-from-model-5-fitted-3qml8tda.png Table 12. Summary table of the parameter from model (5) fitted to five different time periods for Forsyth and 3 comparison Counties. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-parameter-estimates-from-model-5-fitted-to-five-1zhkqmpq.png Table 7. The parameter estimates from model (5) fitted to five different time periods for Guilford County. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-results-of-model-5-for-the-time-series-from-wake-20y0dim2.png Table 10. Results of model (5) for the time series from Wake County. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-the-parameter-estimates-from-model-5-fitted-to-five-1oql79ce.png Table 11. The parameter estimates from model (5) fitted to five different time periods for Wake County. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-the-parameter-estimates-from-model-5-fitted-to-five-10kkdz7t.png Table 9. The parameter estimates from model (5) fitted to five different time periods for Mecklenburg County. https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-populations-of-16-and-17-year-olds-in-fayette-130095ao.png Table 14. Populations of 16- and 17-year-olds, in Fayette (intervention) and Jefferson (comparison) Counties, Kentucky for the years of study. https://scispace.com/papers/schottky-barrier-height-of-mnsb-0001-gaas-111-b-contacts-575ejc0736 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relationship-between-schottky-barrier-height-and-2oa4yskt.png FIG. 3. Relationship between Schottky barrier height and ideality factor of MnSb~0001!/n-GaAs~111!B diodes. The MnSb was grown on (232) reconstructed~s!, A193A19 reconstructed~h!, and sulfur passivated~L! GaAs substrates. The barrier heightsFB decrease proportional to ideality factorn. The solid line indicates a least-squares fit. The intrinsic SBH can be obtained as 0.94 eV by extrapolating ton51. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-current-voltage-characteristics-of-mnsb-0001-n-gaas-13sy207b.png FIG. 2. Current–voltage characteristics of MnSb~0001!/n-GaAs~111!B ~sulfur passivated! diodes with various mesa sizes. The current is raw data, not converted into the current density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rheed-patterns-of-gaas-111-b-and-mnsb-0001-surfaces-1ccmz0dr.png FIG. 1. RHEED patterns of GaAs~111!B and MnSb~0001! surfaces along ^110& GaAs ~a axis of MnSb!. ~a! GaAs (A193A19) and ~b! MnSb on GaAs (A193A19), ~c! GaAs (232) and~d! MnSb on GaAs (232), ~e! sulfur passivated GaAs and~f! MnSb on sulfur passivated GaAs. https://scispace.com/papers/scibet-a-portable-and-fast-single-cell-type-identifier-30q92ju1lv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-applications-of-scibet-a-mean-accuracy-across-50-3fmyqttz.png Fig. 3 Applications of SciBet. a Mean accuracy (across 50 repeats) for n= 6 cross-platform dataset pairs listed in Supplementary Table 2. b Cross-species classification with three human pancreas datasets projected to Tabula Muris dataset (Sankey diagram). The height of each linkage line reflects the number of cells. c Confusion matrix of the cross-validation result for 30 cell types in the “mock” human cell atlas (listed in Supplementary Table 3). d Single cell https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-scibet-algorithm-a-training-set-pre-381q8w7k.png Fig. 1 Overview of SciBet algorithm. a Training set Pre-process by calculating the mean gene expression form the original expression matrix. Here we use marker genes G1, G2, and G3 along with a non-marker gene G4 as examples. b Using E-test to select cell type-specific genes for the downstream classification. Genes with total entropy difference larger than the predefined threshold will be kept. Genes selected by E-test are used for the model training and prediction. c Training SciBet model by obtaining the parameters for the multinomial models of each cell type. For each cell type, the sum of all https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cross-validation-benchmarks-a-performance-of-the-3jzh1dy4.png Fig. 2 Cross-validation benchmarks. a Performance of the feature selection methods measured by the accuracy score for n= 14 datasets (each dataset is plotted as an individual point, representing the mean accuracy score across 50 random repeats). Box plot shows the center line for the median, hinges for the interquartile range and whiskers for 1.5 times the interquartile range. b Single CPU consuming times for gene selection process with E-test, F-test and M3Drop (log scale). Solid lines are loess regression fitting (span= 2), implemented with R function geom_smooth. c Performance of the classifiers https://scispace.com/papers/science-and-art-in-heavy-ion-collisions-2vjzkegwvg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3kr3ebka.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-shows-the-results-for-both-collisions-figure-2-2sraobsz.png Table 1 shows the results for both collisions. Figure 2 displays the density contours projected onto the reaction plane for an isolated fragment. Table 1 shows the in i t ia l angular momentum transfer and energy loss for both fragments, and the centre of mass scattering angle for the two cases run. L i t , , = l07h is the more peripheral collision and corresponds to the experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-2gov5ipd.png TABLE II https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-1b5pqkry.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1df77ke5.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-14304prr.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/papers/science-communication-training-what-are-we-trying-to-teach-1vijrz567w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-science-communication-learning-goals-f0yovvig.png Table 1. Science Communication Learning Goals https://scispace.com/papers/scientific-and-technical-challenges-in-thermal-transport-and-lon0v6tx7s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-thermal-conductivity-as-a-function-of-superlattice-vyfscria.png Figure 3. Thermal conductivity as a function of superlattice period. When the superlattice period (L) is smaller than the phonon wavelength (λ), an increase in the superlattice period leads to a decrease in the group velocity (v), which reduces the thermal conductivity (k). Where the superlattice period is greater than the phonon wavelength, an increase in the superlattice period leads to an increase in the relaxation time (τ), which increases the thermal conductivity until the superlattice period becomes comparable to the phonon mean free path ( ). The interplay of coherent scattering by low-frequency phonons and incoherent scattering by high-frequency phonons leads to the minimum thermal conductivity (kmin), which can be further reduced below the amorphous limit by maximizing the mass mismatch or by invoking phonon localization via randomly distributed quantum dots or a random multilayer structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-strategies-to-enhance-the-power-factor-s2s-a-a-17u0jiiu.png Figure 2. Strategies to enhance the power factor (S2σ). (a) A highly asymmetric density of state (g(E)) around the Fermi energy (EF ) can lead to S values higher than the bulk case (solid line). Strategies include using the quantum confinement effect to introduce discrete g(E) (dashed line)16,17 and introducing a resonant level (dash-dot line) via doping.25 (b) Enhanced mobility (EF ) and electrical conductivity (σ) via modulation doping in Ge-Si core-shell nanowires26 (top) and SiGe-Si nanocomposite27 (bottom). (b) Reprinted with permission from Refs. 26 and 27. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-different-designs-of-micro-teg-a-lateral-lateral-36f91mv1.png Figure 5. Different designs of micro-TEG a) lateral/lateral type; b) vertical/ later type c) vertical/vertical type. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-high-level-schematic-of-the-thermally-integrated-3ap6cdsa.png Figure 6. High-level schematic of the thermally integrated photonics system (TIPS) architecture. Note that the image shown here focuses on the thermal solution around the heat-generating device (laser) and does not show the overall package design.54 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-materials-for-improving-the-thermoelectric-3pqypqsh.png Figure 1. The materials for improving the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT: (A) chalcogenides,10 (B) skutterudites,11 (C) clathrates,12 (D) Zintl phases,13 (E) half-Heusler compounds,14 (F) phonon-liquid electron-crystal,8 and (G) OTE material with regions showing order, order/disorder and disorder between molecules.15 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-false-color-image-of-a-suspended-platform-shows-xj4r61i1.png Figure 4. (a) False-color image of a suspended platform shows the central green area of the Si nanowire array and electrodes used to quantify the temperature difference across the nanowire array. Joule heating and four-point probe electrical conductivity measurements. Reproduced from Ref. 40 with permission from Nature Publishing Group, 2008. (b) Temperature dependence of ZT for two different groups of nanowires with different cross-sectional area and p-doping levels The 20-nm-wide and 10-nm-wide nanowires have a thermopower that is dominated by phonon contributions, and electronic contributions, respectively. (c) Thermal conductivity as a function of αp (a parameter the author use to captures the roughness structure over the relevant phonon scattering band) at 300 K, respectively. As αp increases, the wires are rougher, with wavelengths in the 1−100 nm range and the thermal conductivity drops significantly. Reproduced from Ref. 44 with permission from the American Chemical Society, 2012. (d) An SEM image of a Pt-bonded EE Si nanowire (taken at 52◦ tilt angle). The Pt thin film loops near both ends of the bridging wire are part of the resistive heating and sensing coils on opposite suspended membranes. Scale bar, 2 μm. The temperature-dependent κ of VLS (black squares; reproduced from Ref. 46) and EE nanowires (red squares). The peak κ of the VLS nanowires is 175–200 K, while that of the EE nanowires is above 250 K. The data in this graph are from EE nanowires synthesized from low-doped wafers. Reproduce from Ref. 41 with permission from Nature Publishing Group, 2008. https://scispace.com/papers/scientific-note-on-mass-collection-and-hatching-of-honey-bee-3y1oo26dcz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-alternate-methods-for-honey-bee-embryo-collection-3sec0ixd.png Figure 1. Alternate methods for honey bee embryo collection showing (a) collection, (b) embryo state, (c) egg damage, and (d) larval development. https://scispace.com/papers/science-with-the-space-based-interferometer-elisa-ii-269ig9ln00 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-the-representative-elisa-2gnzgax7.png Table 1: Properties of the representative eLISA configurations chosen for this study. The corresponding sensitivity curves are shown in Figure 1. More details on these configurations and their sensitivity curves can be found in Ref. [3] and Ref. [33] respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristics-of-the-electroweak-pt-predicted-for-3u7iacoz.png Table 3: Characteristics of the electroweak PT predicted for the Higgs portal benchmark points discussed in Section 4.2.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sensitivity-curves-of-the-c1-c4-configurations-14xsj0j0.png Figure 1: Sensitivity curves of the C1-C4 configurations given in Table 1 compared with a typical GW signal. We have chosen the signal predicted in the Higgs portal scenario described in Section 4.2.2, with benchmark values T∗ = 59.6, α = 0.17, β/H∗ = 12.54, φ∗/T∗ = 4.07 (see Table 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-projected-elisa-sensitivity-to-case-1-non-runaway-3nnyb0a8.png Figure 4: Projected eLISA sensitivity to Case 1: non-runaway relativistic bubble walls. Results are displayed for four values of T∗ (indicated) and the four eLISA configurations described in Table 1. The detectable region is shaded. Also shown are benchmarks from various specific models, discussed in Section 4. All other parameters are as described in the text. Note that the values of T∗ chosen correspond only approximately to the precise values for the benchmark points. The GW signal is given primarily by the contribution of sound waves (turbulence is negligible for the chosen value of ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-characteristics-of-the-pt-predicted-for-the-3cci99c8.png Table 6: Characteristics of the PT predicted for the benchmark points of the dilaton-like scenario in Section 4.3.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-gw-spectra-in-case-1-for-fixed-t-100-gev-33w57rv6.png Figure 2: Example of GW spectra in Case 1, for fixed T∗ = 100 GeV, α = 0.5, vw = 0.95, and varying β/H∗: from left to right, β/H∗ = 1 and β/H∗ = 10 (top), β/H∗ = 100 and β/H∗ = 1000 (bottom). The black line denotes the total GW spectrum, the green line the contribution from sound waves, the red line the contribution from MHD turbulence. The shaded areas represent the regions detectable by the C1 (red), C2 (magenta), C3 (blue) and C4 (green) configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-projected-elisa-sensitivity-to-case-2-runaway-3bdaasxr.png Figure 5: Projected eLISA sensitivity to Case 2: runaway bubble walls with finite α. Results are displayed for four values of T∗ and α∞ (indicated) and the four eLISA configurations described in Table 1. The detectable region is shaded. Also shown are benchmarks from various specific models, discussed in Section 4. All other parameters are as described in the text. Note that the values of T∗ and α∞ chosen correspond only approximately to the precise values for the benchmark points (as described in the text). The GW signal is given primarily by the contribution of the scalar field and of the sound waves. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-electroweak-pt-predicted-for-2xbnoprn.png Table 2: Characteristics of the electroweak PT predicted for the benchmark points of the singlet extension of the MSSM analyzed in Ref. [59] (see Section 4.2.1). https://scispace.com/papers/scientific-theory-and-scientific-evidence-an-analysis-of-lie-1ufthzp4vb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-conditioaal-probabilities-of-cancer-test-having-2hlicj2t.png TABLE 2: Conditioaal Probabilities of Cancer Test Having Reliability of 0.95. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-conditional-probabilities-of-cancer-test-having-35fkczad.png TABLE 1: Conditional Probabilities of Cancer Test Having Reliability of 0.99.* https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-conditio11al-probabilities-of-lie-detector-test-in-2616qy6t.png TABLE 4: Conditio11al Probabilities of Lie-Detector Test In Hypothetical Security Risk Situation Where .50 of the Populatio1~ are Risks https://scispace.com/papers/scientometric-assessment-of-selected-r-d-priority-areas-in-4rfo1mkq7g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-attractivity-indices-of-publications-in-d9xkwp07.png Figure 3. The attractivity indices of publications in different research areas in South Africa from 2002 - 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-primary-data-cumulative-from-2002-2012-15jotnzf.png Table 2. Selected primary data cumulative from 2002 - 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-publications-in-the-selected-fields-in-1xqtxtvg.png Table 3. Number of publications in the selected fields in selected countries from 2002 - 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-citation-counts-for-the-different-areas-in-south-1y8srni8.png Table 6. The citation counts for the different areas in South Africa from 2002 - 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-attractivity-indices-of-different-areas-in-selected-85rfyfm7.png Table 11. Attractivity indices of different areas in selected countries cumulative from 2002- 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-activity-indices-of-the-research-publications-vnct2731.png Figure 4. The activity indices of the research publications in different areas per country cumulative from 2002 - 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-activity-indices-of-the-different-fields-in-south-2s0eggk4.png Table 5. Activity indices of the different fields in South Africa from 2002 - 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-institutional-profile-of-different-areas-in-south-1izepvh6.png Table 8. Institutional profile of different areas in South Africa cumulative from 2002 -2012 https://scispace.com/papers/scientific-workflow-applications-on-amazon-ec2-19rwli2zyc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-per-workflow-transfer-sizes-3pojo77y.png Table 4: Per-workflow transfer sizes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-resource-cost-comparison-1qnz11cq.png Figure 4: Resource cost comparison https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-monthly-storage-cost-2b8nm5ak.png Table 3: Monthly storage cost https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-per-workflow-transfer-costs-298jidvu.png Table 5: Per-workflow transfer costs https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-application-resource-usage-comparison-3mtf67wf.png Table 1: Application resource usage comparison https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-execution-environment-on-ec2-38ov9tx3.png Figure 1: Execution environment on EC2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-execution-environment-on-abe-368opgli.png Figure 2: Execution environment on Abe https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-runtime-comparison-1qgmqh5c.png Figure 3: Runtime comparison https://scispace.com/papers/scintillation-model-for-a-satellite-communication-link-at-3qlr7nbwwc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scintillation-index-solid-curves-of-an-uplink-optical-1pnix57f.png Fig. 3 Scintillation index (solid curves) of an uplink optical wave to a receiver on the ground as a function of zenith angle and two values of ground-level Cn 2(0). The wavelength is l51.06 mm, and the dotted curves correspond to Eq. (14). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scintillation-index-solid-curves-of-a-downlink-optical-36owgwvt.png Fig. 1 Scintillation index (solid curves) of a downlink optical wave to a receiver on the ground as a function of zenith angle and two values of ground-level Cn 2(0). The wavelength is l51.06 mm, and the dotted curves correspond to Eq. (14). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-correlation-length-as-determined-by-the-1-e-point-of-2ujhvuxh.png Fig. 2 Correlation length as determined by the 1/e point of the covariance function (37), scaled by the scintillation index (30), and shown as a function of zenith angle for a downlink optical wave from a satellite in orbit. The dotted curve is based on standard Rytov theory valid under weak-fluctuation conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/sclerotia-formation-of-phlebopus-portentosus-in-wild-and-2zje4t76hx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-seasonal-dynamics-of-sclerotium-formation-from-2017-mp3t9wq6.png Table 1. Seasonal dynamics of sclerotium formation from 2017 to 2018. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sclerotium-formation-on-agar-medium-a-liquid-drops-1p8043r9.png Figure 6. Sclerotium formation on agar medium. (a) liquid drops appeared on the colony. (b) curly, fluffy tangled mycelia knots raised up. (c) a baby sclerotium. (d) Inside the young sclerotium juicy and soft. (e) the internal tissue solidified with nutrients and hyphae accumulated. (f) liquid drops became dark brown. (g) brown and fluffy hyphae disappeared and pits appeared. (h) Cross sections showed the interior was brown to dark brown with fresh hyphae and juicy stored nutrients. Scale bars: a, c, d, e=1 mm; f, g, h=2 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sclerotium-formation-of-three-strains-on-the-agar-19n0bvtb.png Figure. 7 Sclerotium formation of three strains on the agar medium. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-investigation-sites-a-dongfeng-farm-grapefruit-1ezwg66p.png Figure 9. Investigation sites. (a) Dongfeng Farm Grapefruit Orchard. (b) Jinghong Hydropower Station. (c) Mangajian Village Grapefruit Orchard. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-relationship-between-the-amount-of-sclerotia-37ny21vd.png Figure 3. The relationship between the amount of sclerotia and monthly average temperature and rainfall. (the climate data provided by Xishuangbanna Meteorological Bureau). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-aging-and-died-young-sclerotia-a-shriveled-3vriyw85.png Figure 4. Aging and died young sclerotia. (a) shriveled sclerotia. (b) the sclerotium becoming hollow. (c) a cross sectioned died sclerotium. (d) Peridium remains of died sclerotium. Scale bars: a, b=2 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-sclerotia-formation-of-three-207guhp0.png Table 2. Characteristics of Sclerotia formation of three isolates on the agar medium. The number of sclerotia refers to the total number of sclerotia in 10 petri dishes. Sclerotia size refers to the range of smallest and largest sclerotia in 10 petri dishes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-germination-of-the-sclerotium-a-a-germinated-1g7z8por.png Figure 5. germination of the sclerotium. (a) a germinated sclerotium. (b) two sclerotia surrounded by new mycelia. Scale bars: a=2 mm; b=1 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/scop-a-sequential-constraint-free-optimal-control-problem-5485f4eex3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-vehicle-speed-requested-by-artemis-urban-cycle-top-kuxuars5.png Fig. 3. Vehicle speed requested by Artemis Urban cycle (top) / requested engine speed (middle) / requested torque (bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-elastic-line-trajectory-constrained-by-the-floor-level-2doxf1gu.png Fig. 2. Elastic line trajectory constrained by the floor level (zoom) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-elastic-line-trajectory-constrained-by-the-floor-level-2zsd6wl4.png Fig. 1. Elastic line trajectory constrained by the floor level https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-optimal-state-trajectories-obtained-with-dp-and-scop-18t1co7j.png Fig. 4. Optimal state trajectories obtained with DP and SCOP (empty battery : xmin = 0, full battery : xmax = 100). https://scispace.com/papers/scope-and-limitations-of-municipal-health-councils-a-case-286pzycx78 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-key-issues-raised-by-the-users-between-the-years-of-p2q3iwst.png Table 3. Key Issues Raised by the Users Between the Years of 2009 and 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-meetings-held-by-the-mhc-and-the-respective-quorum-7s01ynyi.png Table 1. Meetings Held by the MHC and the Respective Quorum, From 2009 to 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frequency-of-attendance-per-sector-of-mhc-members-in-1h673b2u.png Table 2. Frequency (%) of Attendance Per Sector of MHC Members in the Monthly Meetings From 2009 to 2012 https://scispace.com/papers/scope-of-the-heck-reaction-in-the-synthesis-of-a-new-family-1harrtpfhq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reaction-scheme-for-acylamide-and-anthacene-2pkd1r25.png Figure. 1 Reaction scheme for acylamide and anthacene diacrylamide synthesis (4g, 4h, 4i & 4j were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reaction-data-for-acrylamides-8-1-ratio-4a-f-4i-4j-32ws21xi.png Table 2. Reaction data for acrylamides (8:1 ratio) 4a-f, 4i & 4j with 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-optimisation-of-heck-reaction-a-dibenzoquinone-was-2d5h4awn.png Table I. Optimisation of Heck reaction. (a)Dibenzoquinone was isolated as the sole product. (b)the yield is given as the combined yield of products.(c)SM: starting anthracene. (d)Ratio of Acrylamide:SM https://scispace.com/papers/scoping-review-of-adherence-promotion-theories-in-pelvic-4o0cj6hqwy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-theories-that-have-been-used-in-pfmt-2k8a815u.png Table I. Theories That Have Been Used In Pfmt https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-theories-that-may-have-merit-in-pfmt-panel-290ppdkz.png Table II. Theories That May Have Merit In Pfmt, Panel Consensus https://scispace.com/papers/score-specific-non-maximum-suppression-and-coexistence-prior-13pvm71ipg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-contrast-of-low-resolution-face-detection-using-2wi7dapk.png Fig. 1. A contrast of low-resolution face detection using proposed approach integrated with hybrid-resolution model (HR) [8] (red ellipses) and original HR (yellow rectangles) in crowd scene. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-some-false-positive-thin-yellow-boxes-rzxgealb.png Fig. 4. Some false positive (thin yellow boxes). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-process-of-the-coexistence-of-homogeneous-faces-9osbf7i7.png Fig. 5. Process of the coexistence of homogeneous faces. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-architecture-of-the-proposed-framework-7v4cikjk.png Fig. 2. Architecture of the proposed framework https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-visual-results-on-fic-yellow-rectangles-are-results-of-1ioimzup.png Fig. 8. Visual results on FIC. Yellow rectangles are results of original HR, and red ellipses are results of coexistence prior integrating into HR https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-difference-of-false-positive-and-true-positive-19jw253e.png Fig. 6. Difference of false positive and true positive. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-precision-recall-curve-on-fic-3br9scps.png Fig. 7. Precision-Recall curve on FIC. https://scispace.com/papers/scrape-off-layer-transport-and-deposition-studies-in-diii-d-23q9qxyfj7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-uedge-simulations-of-13c-deposition-calculated-for-a-2fmcm42f.png Table 2. UEDGE simulations of 13C deposition calculated for a low density L-mode plasma with intrinsic 12C and an additional 13C source of 6.3"1017 13C/s at the crown. Two cases with an attached ( Te,ISP = 3 eV) and detached ( Te,ISP =1 eV) inner divertor plasma are compared. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-spitzer-times-for-collisions-of-vp5nh6tc.png Table 1. Comparison of the Spitzer times for collisions of deuterium with carbon ions [Spitzer_PFIG62] to the transit time of carbon ions in a singly and doubly ionized state. https://scispace.com/papers/scrapping-subsidies-during-the-financial-crisis-evidence-36nbqnz8tv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-incentive-and-crowding-out-e-ects-of-scrapping-34dnncd9.png Table 3: Incentive and crowding out e¤ects of scrapping schemes https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-competitive-e-ects-of-scrapping-schemes-domestic-kzcpbze7.png Table 5: Competitive e¤ects of scrapping schemes: domestic versus foreign car brands, premium versus volume cars https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-impact-of-removing-scrapping-schemes-on-total-sales-2lps1n7g.png Table 4: Impact of removing scrapping schemes on total sales and fuel consumption (2009) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-timing-of-scrapping-schemes-in-selected-european-1k5i9bl4.png Figure 1: Timing of scrapping schemes in selected European countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-impact-of-removing-scrapping-schemes-on-domestic-and-11mjhjxi.png Table 6: Impact of removing scrapping schemes on domestic and foreign brands (2009) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-design-features-of-scrapping-schemes-in-selected-u5g7ejge.png Table 1: Design features of scrapping schemes in selected European countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-competitive-e-ects-of-scrapping-schemes-market-3axgubjr.png Table 7: Competitive e¤ects of scrapping schemes: market segments https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-for-european-scrapping-3nm5caq9.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics for European scrapping schemes (2009) https://scispace.com/papers/screening-and-characterization-of-lactobacillus-strains-4wz553dlmt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3a-b-growth-and-eps-production-of-lb-180-under-anaerobic-14v7rsrs.png Fig. 3A,B Growth and EPS production of LB 180 under anaerobic conditions at 37 °C in MRS-s medium without pH control. A d biomass, m EPS production, + pH; B r sucrose consumption, j lactate production https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2a-b-growth-and-eps-production-of-lb-121-under-anaerobic-giw3uxsx.png Fig. 2A,B Growth and EPS production of LB 121 under anaerobic conditions at 37 °C in MRS-s medium without pH control. A d Biomass, m EPS production, + pH; B r sucrose consumption, j lactate production https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-e-ects-of-the-initial-sucrose-concentration-on-1t7vc6ft.png Fig. 1 E ects of the initial sucrose concentration on extracellular polysaccharide (EPS; s n) and biomass (d m) production by strains LB 121 and LB 180 after incubation under anaerobic conditions for 3 days at 37 °C in sucrose-containing MRS medium (MRS-s). The amount of EPS formed was quanti®ed by measuring the total carbohydrate content of the ethanol precipitates. s d LB 180; n m LB 121 https://scispace.com/papers/screening-by-coral-green-fluorescent-protein-gfp-like-3xtqtgz39d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-impact-of-shyscp562-on-the-optical-properties-of-s-16u3783u.png Fig. 2 Impact of shysCP562 on the optical properties of S. hystrix. a Photograph showing the accumulation of shysCP562 in the lightexposed tissues of S. hystrix. b–d Normalised chlorophyll excitation (b), reflectance (c) and estimated absorbance (d) spectra of the lightexposed and shaded surfaces. Solid lines are the mean of five measurements, with the ±SD indicated by dotted lines. e The difference between absorbance of light-exposed and shaded tissues. The absorption spectrum of shysCP562 is shown for reference https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-impacts-of-light-stress-on-the-photobiology-of-1evy5qwy.png Fig. 4 The impacts of light stress on the photobiology of brown and purple A. valida morphs hosting subclade C3 symbionts. Comparison of maximum quantum yields before (black bars) and after (grey bars) the light stress treatment for light-acclimated upper (left panel) and shade-acclimated lower (right panel) tissues. The effective quantum yields are shown by the light grey bars and were performed prior to the end of the light stress treatment. The error bars show the ±SD of 5 measurements. Inset: Photographs showing control and treatment corals https://scispace.com/papers/screening-for-bioactive-compounds-from-algae-3pzzxqipq7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-gc-ms-chromatogram-of-the-volatile-fraction-of-2mxiht1e.png Fig. 2 GC-MS chromatogram of the volatile fraction of Dunaliella salina extract [111]. (1) 3,3-Dimethyl-2,7-octanedione; (2) b-ionone; (3) 5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,4,7a-trimethyl-2(4H)-benzofuranone; (4) 4-oxo-b-ionone; (5) neophytadiene; (6) nerolidol; (7) 9-hexadecanoic ethyl ester; (8) hexadecanoic acid; (9) phytol; (10) 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester; (11) 1H-indole derivative; (12) hexadecanoic acid monoglyceride; (13) neophytadiene derivative; (14) vitamin E. Reprinted with permission from the Journal of Food Protection. Copyright held by the International Association for Food Protection, Des Moines, IA, USA https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mineral-content-of-some-edible-seaweeds-116-3j8zu906.png Table 4 Mineral content of some edible seaweeds [116] https://scispace.com/papers/screening-and-functional-identification-of-lncrnas-under-b-1pf82bsmdv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-distribution-characteristics-of-differentially-nmu3qfat.png Fig. 1. The distribution characteristics of differentially expressed lncRNAs. N compr t s. The r https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-expression-change-of-lncrnas-in-liver-and-spleen-2n9u9l7r.png Fig. 8. The expression change of lncRNAs in liver and spleen induced by DKAs. Note: (1) a, ISH of 3 lncRNAs expression in section of adult liver; (2) b, the relative fluorescence intensity units of 3 lncRNAs in adult liver; (3) c, ISH of 3 lncRNAs expression in section of adult spleen; (4) d, the relative fluorescence intensity units of 3 lncRNAs in adult spleen; (5) Arrow in Fig. 8a and 8c indicates ISH signal; (6) “*”and “**” in Fig. 8b and d indicate significance levels of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively; (7) All statistical analyses in Fig. 8 were performed by Dunnett tests. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-expression-change-of-target-genes-in-liver-and-1dz6hvcs.png Fig. 9. The expression change of target genes in liver and spleen. Note: Note: (1) a, ISH of plk3 and syt10 transcriptional levels, co-regulated by 3 lncRNAs, in section of adult liver; (2) b, the relative fluorescence intensity units of plk3 and syt10 in adult liver; (3) c, ISH of plk3 and syt10 transcriptional levels, co-regulated by 3 lncRNAs, in section of adult spleen; (4) d, the relative fluorescence intensity units o nce le p https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-statistics-of-five-kinds-of-lncrna-sequencing-data-21dcsxc5.png Fig. 2. Statistics of five kinds of lncRNA sequencing data. Note: “u”, Unknown, intergenic transcript (u); “i”, A transfrag falling entirely within a reference intron (i); “x”, Exonic overlap with reference on the opposite strand; “ a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-prediction-of-10-candidate-lncrna-secondary-structures-3pzpv9yz.png Fig. 4. Prediction of 10 candidate lncRNA secondary structures. Note: A–J represents lncRNAs: TCONS 00129029, TCONS 00084041, T T https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-he-dyeing-of-adult-zebrafish-hepatic-and-spleen-3m5hj8p7.png Fig. 10. HE dyeing of adult zebrafish hepatic and spleen tissues (200×). N ows t “ acuola a s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-regulatory-network-of-10-candidate-lncrna-and-target-cwcqb3nu.png Fig. 5. Regulatory network of 10 candidate lncRNA and target genes. Note: (1) A, the regulation network of 10 high-abundance lncRNAs (FPKM ≥ 50 and |log2(fold-change)| ≥ 1) and their related target genes; (2) The triangles denote lncRNAs; (3) The red balls indicate the target genes co-regulated by the 10 lncRNAs, and the blue balls indicate the target genes regulated by a single lncRNA; (4) The network diagram was plotted by Cytoscape (v3.3) software. https://scispace.com/papers/screening-for-hepatitis-b-virus-infection-in-pregnant-women-2t7ogpyvni 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-uspstf-grades-and-levels-of-evidence-1efkfygw.png Figure 1. USPSTF Grades and Levels of Evidence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-clinical-summary-screening-for-hepatitis-b-virus-3i9tiutr.png Figure 2. Clinical Summary: Screening for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in PregnantWomen https://scispace.com/papers/screening-of-antimicrobial-activity-of-diarylamines-in-the-2-wvtgtg9t7j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-antimicrobial-activity-of-the-synthesized-compounds-12r4nanf.png Table 1. Antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds https://scispace.com/papers/screening-of-potential-remediation-methods-for-the-200-bp-5-lpviccxw1x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-thickness-of-saturated-sediments-forming-the-a0hofddp.png Figure 2.3. Thickness of Saturated Sediments Forming the Unconfined Aquifer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-elevation-of-the-top-of-basalt-surface-williams-13pda1cd.png Figure 2.2. Elevation of the Top of Basalt Surface (Williams et al. 2000) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-screening-evaluation-criteria-for-the-second-step-qp3q41ot.png Table 5.1. Screening Evaluation Criteria for the Second Step of Screening https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-5-zero-valent-iron-required-as-a-function-of-aquifer-1gfiv95y.png Table 7.5. Zero-Valent Iron Required as a Function of Aquifer Volume https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-potential-remediation-methods-for-coc-group-1-3l613l9n.png Table 6.1. Potential Remediation Methods for COC Group 1 (chromium, technetium-99, iodine-129, uranium, and plutonium-239/240) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-6-average-uranium-concentrations-in-200-east-area-ds5njbku.png Figure 2.6. Average Uranium Concentrations in 200-East Area, Top of Unconfined Aquifer https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3-area-and-volume-of-iodine-129-contamination-for-1tuw2fjk.png Table 2.3. Area and Volume of Iodine-129 Contamination for Remediation Technology Screening https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-10-area-and-volume-of-strontium-90-contamination-30v0s4m1.png Table 2.10. Area and Volume of Strontium-90 Contamination https://scispace.com/papers/scribing-as-seen-from-the-inside-the-ethos-of-the-studio-3j6xmpuq1q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-lenses-of-practice-quotes-from-scribe-conversations-vjbf8i3q.png Figure 4 Lenses of Practice. Quotes from scribe conversations Post-Conference. Discussion and Implications for Both RTD and RTD Documentation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-being-a-team-quotes-from-scribe-conversations-post-39ktbqsq.png Figure 9 Being a Team. Quotes from scribe conversations Post-Conference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-deeply-connected-to-the-moment-mentally-and-v47ig9ho.png Figure 8 Deeply Connected to the Moment, Mentally and Physically. Quotes from scribe conversations Post-Conference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-scribe-sheets-by-sean-kingsley-and-14vjw935.png Figure 1 Examples of Scribe Sheets by Sean Kingsley and Natasha Trotman. Unedited. Photo © Jayne Wallace. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scribe-sheets-by-nantia-koulidou-and-mike-shorter-34xcd9j8.png Figure 2 Scribe sheets by Nantia Koulidou and Mike Shorter, unedited. Photo © Jayne Wallace. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-having-a-role-and-a-tone-of-voice-quotes-from-29xir4b6.png Figure 7 Having a Role and a Tone of Voice. Quotes from scribe conversations Post-Conference. - gate responses and certainly the scribe reflections indicate the existence of rich undercurrents of critique, nuanced engagement, discussion, reflection, and fresh understandings at design conferences—undercurrents that contexts such as round-table discussions enable. Arguably, these dynamics are seldom captured or commented on in the course of conventional conference formats. RTD as a conference is a test-bed for experimentation around forms of dissemination and documentation in the broadest sense of these terms and a format that was conceived as something emergent and responding to new opportunities. We will continue to https://scispace.com/papers/screening-of-variable-importance-for-optimizing-1cdifmr2mw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-conclusion-multivariate-design-and-analysis-3defl2ni.png Figure 6 Conclusion Multivariate design and analysis revealed that the variables current density and remediation time had the highest influence on the removal of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. The PLS model was significantly improved by substituting remediation time with time after acidification, making it possible to determine optimal experimental settings for removing targeted heavy metals in specific sediment. Since the PLS model revealed that the variables L/S ratio, stirring rate, suspension liquid and light/no light had a lower influence on the EDR process for the specific sediment, these were kept fixed, while optimal settings for current density and time after acidification were determined. The study showed the potential of applying multivariate design and analysis as a tool for determining variable importance and optimal conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/screening-of-lentil-genotypes-for-resistance-to-bean-yellow-1gcuh1axkn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bean-yellow-mosaic-virus-bymv-and-faba-bean-necrotic-mpfqn74j.png Table 4. Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) and Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV) detection in lentil plants 28 days after inoculation with single virus and mixed with two viruses under plastic house conditions during 2012. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-origin-of-lentil-genotypes-evaluated-for-bean-yellow-2jcfeuue.png Table 1. Origin of lentil genotypes evaluated for Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) resistance during 2010/2011 growing season under field conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-of-the-selected-lentil-genotypes-for-3itdidmu.png Table 2. Performance of the selected lentil genotypes for Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) during 201/2011 growing season under field conditions, which used in single and mixed infection with Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV) under plastic house conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-disease-score-ds-and-of-infection-categories-a-of-14yvust4.png Table 3. Disease score (DS) and % of infection categories a of lentil genotypes inoculated with Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) under field condition during 2010/2011 growing season. https://scispace.com/papers/scripting-graphical-applications-by-demonstration-1ea9gvzcd6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-shows-that-the-clicked-on-object-is-used-in-three-1sdp99v7.png Figure 7 shows that the clicked on object is used in three places in this script. The one the user actually clicked on is shown in green, and all other uses are shown in yellow. https://scispace.com/papers/scrutinizing-the-theory-of-comparative-time-studies-with-1sjgaw9a4o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-of-statistical-approaches-used-in-forestry-1agobz47.png Figure 1. Model of statistical approaches used in forestry time studies to isolate the main effects from any influencing factors. Methods commonly used for specific factors are indicated by solid lines while less frequent usage is indicated by dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-model-of-relationships-between-different-methods-of-3tn8kdwo.png Figure 2. Model of relationships between different methods of handling the effects of operator in comparative time studies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ratio-between-time-consumption-for-different-y9uwzb4g.png Figure 5. Ratio between time consumption for different pairwise combinations of systems and wood classes. The two comparisons of unrelated treatments (one system and one wood class compared to the other system and the other wood class) are not shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-correlations-between-time-consumption-with-1eywjpmg.png Figure 6. Correlations between time consumption with different systems and wood classes. P and CS = Processor System and Cut-Split System, respectively. W1 and W2 = Wood Class 1 and 2, respectively. In each pane, the fist case of system and wood class combination is plotted on the x-axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-consumption-of-operators-when-working-with-1qgz0sqk.png Figure 4. Time consumption of operators when working with different combinations of system and wood class, with operators given in order of time consumption with the Cut-Split System and Wood Class 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-model-of-a-comparative-study-of-different-machines-1vt4za8m.png Figure 3. Model of a comparative study of different machines or methods (M) blocked for the influencing factors operator (O) and environment (E). The size of the experiment (i.e. the total number of observational units) is the product of the factor levels (i×j×k). https://scispace.com/papers/sctp-state-of-the-art-in-research-products-and-technical-29mg0xjqmr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-view-of-an-sctp-association-9u6u2fxo.png Fig. 1. Schematic view of an SCTP association. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-transport-tcap-messages-using-sctp-2xa2gg1t.png Fig. 8. Transport TCAP messages using SCTP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-sctp-association-consisting-of-four-streams-1bj9fuoi.png Fig. 3. An SCTP association consisting of four streams carrying data from four upper layer applications. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-sctp-association-with-multi-homed-endpoints-ll0eiv2z.png Fig. 2. An SCTP association with multi-homed endpoints. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-multi-streaming-in-web-browsing-26reg8ad.png Fig. 4. Multi-streaming in Web browsing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-tcp-and-sctp-icq1qrjq.png TABLE I COMPARISON OF TCP AND SCTP https://scispace.com/papers/scurvy-hidden-behind-neuropsychiatric-symptoms-5455jw9dx7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-anteroposterior-radiograph-of-the-knees-showing-a-1npihjbp.png Fig. 1 Anteroposterior radiograph of the knees, showing a dense line at the growing metaphyseal end of the femora involving the provisional zone of calcification https://scispace.com/papers/sctp-wsn-new-extension-for-more-reliable-sparse-wireless-3nfsyve8l4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ten-node-wsn-average-throughput-2xmvtsdq.png Fig. 4. Ten-node WSN Average Throughput https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-forty-node-wsn-average-throughput-29p4bg82.png Figure 1. Forty-node WSN Average Throughput https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-simulation-parameters-used-for-both-scenarios-phx4knvw.png TABLE I. THE SIMULATION PARAMETERS USED FOR BOTH SCENARIOS SCTP AND SCTP-WSN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-thirty-node-wsn-average-throughput-g7yvwqyo.png Figure 2. Thirty-node WSN Average Throughput https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-twenty-node-wsn-average-throughput-2cczpyft.png Fig. 3. Twenty-node WSN Average Throughput https://scispace.com/papers/scvi-tools-a-library-for-deep-probabilistic-analysis-of-3v74hqzlpq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sequential-integration-of-cite-seq-pbmc-samples-1ve56gwe.png Figure 3: Sequential integration of CITE-seq PBMC samples with totalVI and the scArches method. a, Code-based overview of using scArches with the implementation of totalVI in scvi-tools. scArches was implemented globally through the ArchesMixin class. First, the reference model is trained on reference data, and then the scArches architectural surgery is performed when load_query_data is called on the query data. Finally, the (now) query model is trained with the query data and downstream analysis is performed. b, c, UMAP embedding of the totalVI reference and query latent spaces colored by (b) the reference labels and predicted query labels and (c) the dataset of origin. d, Row-normalized confusion matrix of scArches predicted query labels (rows) and study-derived cell annotations (columns). e, Dotplot of log library size normalized RNA expression across cell type markers for predicted T cell subsets. f, g Frequency of (f)MAIT cells and (g) CD4 CTLs for each donor in the query dataset across healthy controls and donors with moderate and severe COVID. Horizontal line denotes median. h, Row-normalized confusion matrix of scArches predicted query labels (rows) and default totalVI predicted labels (columns). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-reimplementation-of-stereoscope-in-scvi-tools-a-2jw59na9.png Figure 5: Reimplementation of Stereoscope in scvi-tools. a, Overview of the Stereoscope method. Stereoscope takes as input a spatial transcriptomics dataset, as well as single-cell RNA sequencing dataset, and outputs the proportion of cell types in every spot. b, Short description of the steps required to reimplement Stereoscope into the codebase. For each of the two models of Stereoscope, we created a module class as well as a model class. c, Average cyclomatic code complexity and total number of source code lines for each of scvi-tools implementation and the original implementation. d, e, Description of implementation of the ScSignatureModule, the module class for the single-cell model of the Stereoscope method. f, Example of user code, interaction with Scanpy. g, Output example on the hippocampus spatial 10x Visium dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scvi-tools-application-programming-interface-for-lrpiwgv0.png Figure 4: scvi-tools application programming interface for developers. a, For every probabilistic method implemented in scvi-tools, users interact with a high-level Model object. The Model relies on several lower level components for training a model and analyzing data. The Module, which must be implemented systematically, encapsulates the probabilistic specification of the method. The rest of the lower level components rely on pre-coded objects in scvi-tools, such as AnnDataLoader for loading data from AnnData objects, TrainingPlan for updating the parameters of the module, and Mixins classes for downstream analyses. b, The creation of a new Module in scvi-tools involves three key steps. First, one mathematically describes the generative model and fully specify the inference procedure. Second, one may choose to from our wide range of pre-coded neural network architectures and distributions, or implement their own in PyTorch object. Finally, those elements are combined together and organized into a class that inherits from the abstract class BaseModuleClass. The generative method maps latent variables to the data generating distribution. The inference method maps input data to the variational distribution (specific to variational inference). The loss method specifies the objective function for the training procedure, here the evidence lower bound. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-user-perspective-of-scvi-tools-a-overview-of-single-3bxcpnxm.png Figure 1: User perspective of scvi-tools. a, Overview of single-cell omics analysis pipeline with scvi-tools. Datasets may contain multiple layers of omic information, along with metadata at the cell- and feature-levels. Quality control (QC) and preprocessing are done with popular packages like Scanpy, Seurat, and Scater. Subsequently, datasets can be analyzed with scvi-tools, which contains implementations of probabilistic models that offer a range of capabilities for several omics. Finally, results are further investigated or visualized, typically through the basis of a nearest neighbors graph, and with methods like Scanpy and VISION. b, (left) The functionality of models implemented in scvi-tools covers core single-cell analysis tasks. Each model has a simple and consistent user interface. (right) A code snippet applying scVI to a dataset read from a h5ad file, and then performing dimensionality reduction and differential expression. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-removal-of-unwanted-variation-in-the-analysis-of-vqmpvh1m.png Figure 2: Removal of unwanted variation in the analysis of Drosophila wing disc development. a, Graphical model representation of a latent variable models in scvi-tools that conditions on nuisance covariates. b, Graphical representation of covariates injected into each layer of decoder neural networks. c, Code snippet to register AnnData and train scVI with continuous covariates. The covariates are identified with keys stored in the AnnData.obs cell-level data frame. d, UMAP [57] embedding of scVI latent space with only batch covariates (scVI) and scVI latent space with batch and continuous covariates (scVI-cc). UMAP plot is colored by batch, PCNA (cell cycle gene), IncRNA:roX1 (cell sex gene), and vg (gene marking spatial compartment within the wing disc). e, Geary’s C of canonical marker genes of interest per model. f, Geary’s C of the cell cycle and cell sex genes conditioned on per model. Box plots were computed on n=31 genes for (e) and n=55 genes for (f) and indicate the median (center lines), interquartile range (hinges), and whiskers at 1.5× interquartile range. Gene lists can be found in Supplementary Table 2. https://scispace.com/papers/sdss-0956-5128-a-broad-line-quasar-with-extreme-velocity-5c32wwm1pd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spectrum-of-sdss-0956-5128-from-segue-2-the-245w289d.png Figure 1. Spectrum of SDSS 0956+5128 from SEGUE-2. The identified redshift of z = 0.714 is a good fit to narrow emission lines such as [O ii], [O iii], and the narrow component of Hβ. However, the broad emission lines Hβ and Mg ii are offset by 4100 km s−1 and 1200 km s−1, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-mg-ii-and-hb-as-observed-by-segue-2-2q7li01c.png Figure 2. Comparison of Mg ii and Hβ as observed by SEGUE-2 (dark blue), Keck/DEIMOS (green), and in the original SDSS spectrum (red). The Keck/DEIMOS spectrum has the highest signal to noise, followed by SEGUE-2 and then SDSS DR3. The expected wavelength given the redshift of the systemic narrow lines is indicated (dashed). The broad emission line centroids lie at similar velocities in all spectra, and the spectra are consistent with being identical. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-infrared-emission-of-the-host-galaxy-of-sdss-0956-2qmtp7td.png Figure 5. Infrared emission of the host galaxy of SDSS 0956+5128 as observed by the Subaru IRCS (K-band), with a resolution of 0.15 arcsec. The quasar emission, with its centroid marked in white, has been subtracted. The quasar point source appears to lie away from the center of an asymmetric galaxy, which may indicate recent merger activity. Contours are marked on a linear scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-emission-line-properties-of-sdss-0956-5128-2u3r1ion.png Table 1 Emission Line Properties of SDSS 0956+5128 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-observations-of-sdss-0956-5128-2nnul0wr.png Table 2 Summary of Observations of SDSS 0956+5128 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-best-fit-decomposition-of-the-observed-sdss-0956-frqywcgn.png Figure 4. Best-fit decomposition of the observed SDSS 0956+5128 SED into an active nucleus (red) and host galaxy (blue). The sum of the two components (magenta) is matched to the observed SED (black). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-ha-as-observed-by-triplespec-on-the-zyhgbuin.png Figure 3. Comparison of Hα as observed by TripleSpec on the ARC 3.5 m and Hβ, as observed by SEGUE-2. The broad and narrow components are similarly offset and the lines have similar overall profiles. Velocities are indicated relative to the best-fit z ∼ 0.714 for the narrow emission lines. The apparent absorption feature at ∼2500 km s−1 in Hα coincides with atmospheric absorption lines. While the TripleSpec spectrum has been corrected for atmospheric absorption from observations of a nearby A star, this feature may be a residual rather than absorption associated with the quasar or its host. https://scispace.com/papers/sdss-iv-manga-evidence-for-enriched-accretion-onto-satellite-40rafix92f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-median-metallicity-radial-profile-for-galaxies-in-s9vfhsbl.png Figure 3. Median metallicity radial profile for galaxies in the stellar mass ranges indicated by the legend at the top of panel (a). The solid curves represent the median profiles, while the shaded regions of the same color represent the 1σ error range on the median. In panel (a), we show the metallicity median profiles made using the Pettini & Pagel (2004) O3N2 indicator, and in panel (b), we show the results from the Dopita et al. (2016) N2S2Hα indicator. Note that each metallicity indicator has a different abundance scaling on the y-axis, and in each panel, we mark the assumed solar abundance with a gray dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-relationship-between-m-and-o-h-for-satellites-of-2a2l9qng.png Figure 8. Relationship between μ and O/H for satellites of low-mass (gray background with blue points indicating the medians) and high-mass (red contours with red points indicating the medians) centrals for PP04 O3N2 (top) and D16 N2S2Hα (bottom). At a fixed gas fraction, the median metallicity is ∼0.1 dex higher for the satellites of massive centrals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-median-metallicity-radial-profiles-in-bins-of-1g2uw5dd.png Figure 4.Median metallicity radial profiles in bins of stellar mass split into satellites and centrals. In the upper row, we show the profiles for the O3N2 indicator, while in the lower row, the results for N2S2Hα are shown. The profiles for central galaxies are shown in the left column, and those for the satellite galaxies are in the middle column. On the right, we show the difference between the satellites and centrals. Satellite galaxies in the range ( )< <M M9.4 log 10.2* are systematically more metal-rich than centrals of the same mass in both metallicity indicators. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-dependence-of-12-log-o-h-on-the-local-gas-fraction-1o86tapn.png Figure 7. Dependence of ( )+12 log O H on the local gas fraction, μ in different bins of stellar mass. The contours, gray scale, and colored points are the same as in Figure 5. The difference in metallicity at fixed μ between satellites and centrals is largest in the range ( )< <M M9.5 log 10* , where it reaches ∼0.015 dex. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relationship-between-local-stellar-mass-surface-3cndllqa.png Figure 5. Relationship between local stellar mass surface density and metallicity in bins of total stellar mass for satellite and central galaxies. The gray scale background represents the density of data points for central galaxies, while the red contours represent the distribution of data points from satellite galaxies. For clarity, the distribution for satellite galaxies was smoothed to make the contours less subject to noise. Blue points represent the median values of metallicity in the central galaxies at a fixed Σ*, and the red points are the medians for satellite galaxies. These are only calculated where there are sufficient data. We include bootstrapped standard errors of the median, but these uncertainties are often smaller than the data points. In the top row, we show the results for the Pettini & Pagel (2004) O3N2 indicator, while in the bottom row, we show the result for the Dopita et al. (2016) N2S2Hα indicator. The metallicity of satellite galaxies at a fixed stellar mass surface density is slightly higher (∼0.01 dex) than for central galaxies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-in-panel-a-we-show-the-distribution-of-stellar-mass-tx5oi6ki.png Figure 1. In panel (a), we show the distribution of stellar mass, M*, for the input (gray) and final (red) samples. The attrition of sources occurs preferentially at high stellar mass, which is consistent with the rising fraction of passive galaxies. In panel (b), the positions of galaxies in the input (gray) and final (red) samples on the u−r color–mass diagram is shown. Galaxies that satisfy our selection criteria are predominantly in the blue cloud and forming stars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-star-formation-rate-surface-density-as-a-function-1wf7hmwu.png Figure 9. Star formation rate surface density as a function of stellar mass surface density for galaxies with ( )< <M M9 log 10* . The gray scale shows the distribution of measurements from satellites of low-mass centrals ( ( ) <M Mlog 10,cen* ), with the median of this distribution shown by blue points and the 16th and 84th percentiles shown by blue lines. The red contours indicate the Σ*–ΣSFR distribution for satellites of massive galaxies ( ( ) >M Mlog 10.5,cen* ), with the red points showing the median and the red lines marking the 16th and 84th percentiles of the distribution. There is very little difference in the two distributions for the vast majority of spaxels in the two samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-local-s-o-h-relation-for-satellite-galaxies-with-m-nfzy0a1j.png Figure 6. Local Σ*–O/H relation for satellite galaxies with ( )< M M9 log * < 10 split by the mass of the galaxy that is central to their halo. In the upper panel, we show the results for the PP04 indicator, and in the lower panel, we show the results for the D16 indicator. Blue points show the median metallicity at a given Σ* for satellites of low-mass centrals ( ( ) <M Mlog 10* ). These points trace the median of the gray-shaded distribution. Red points are the median metallicity as a function of Σ* for satellites of high-mass centrals, shown by the red contours. The oxygen abundance is systematically higher for satellites of more massive centrals. https://scispace.com/papers/sdss-iv-manga-a-serendipitous-observation-of-a-potential-gas-5f7wrlq4q0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-galaxy-properties-3o09qu8r.png Table 1 Galaxy Properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-s-ii-6717-s-ii-6731-line-ratio-map-b-histogram-of-3jhg6bsv.png Figure 6. (a) [S II] 6717/[S II] 6731 line ratio map. (b) Histogram of the [S II] λ6717/[S II] λ6731 line ratios of the entire system (black), the central region (orange, as indicated by the orange circle in the top panel), and the Hα circle (cyan). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gaseous-metallicity-12-log-o-h-map-of-the-system-3u6ab9n2.png Figure 2. Gaseous metallicity, 12+log(O/H), map of the system using (a) IZI and (b) the [N II]/[O II] calibration. The Hα extension has lower gaseous metallicities, by ≈0.25 and ≈0.15 dex, respectively, than the center of the host galaxy at greater than 99.7% confidence. The 12+log(O/H) profile of the highlighted spaxels in panels (a) and (b) using (c) IZI and (d) the [N II]/[O II] calibration; the colors correspond to the colors of the highlighted spaxels. The characteristic metallicity gradient of noninteracting disks from Sánchez et al. (2014) is overlaid in the dashed line (with an arbitrary zero point), and the error bars represent the 1σ uncertainties. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-c-the-log-n-ii-ha-log-o-iii-ha-and-log-s-ii-ha-1o0339wo.png Figure 5. (a)–(c) The log [N II]/Hα, log [O III]/Hα, and log [S II]/Hα line ratio maps. (d) Line ratio profiles of [N II]/Hα, [O III]/Hα, and [S II]/Hα of the highlighted spaxels in panels (a)–(c); the colors correspond to the colors of the highlighted spaxels, and the error bars represent the 1σ measurement error. The black line represents the Hα surface brightness profile across the same highlighted spaxels, with its values indicated by the y-axis on the right side. (e)–(f) The log [O II]/ Hα and log [O III]/Hβ line ratio maps. (g) The line ratio profiles of [O II]/Hα, [O III]/Hβ, and [S II]/[N II] of the highlighted spaxels in panels (e)–(f). We only consider spaxels with S/N>3 for these emission lines and have corrected all these line ratios for reddening. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-peak-velocity-vpeak-of-the-system-b-line-width-1fy5jrws.png Figure 3. (a) Peak velocity, vpeak, of the system. (b) Line width, W80, of the system. (c) Velocity profile of the highlighted spaxels in panel (a), where the color corresponds to the color of the highlighted spaxels. The vertical dashed lines mark Re of the host galaxy, and the error bars are the 1σ uncertainties estimated by resampling the data 1000 times. Panel (c) shows that the Hα extension has peak velocities that deviate from regular rotation, arguing against it being part of a skewed disk. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-b-n-ii-and-s-ii-bpt-diagrams-respectively-the-32xq8t49.png Figure 4. (a, b) [N II] and [S II] BPT diagrams, respectively; the lower right error bars represent the typical 1σ measurement errors. (c, d) Resolved [N II]and [S II]BPT diagrams, respectively, i.e., every spaxel is color-coded according to its location in the BPT diagrams above. Almost all the spaxels of this system have line ratios in the H II regime. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-sdss-gri-color-image-of-the-object-with-the-manga-339dlk0o.png Figure 1. (a) SDSS gri color image of the object, with the MaNGA field of view in magenta. (b) Hα flux map with contours of log Hα Flux=−1, −0.5, 0, 0.5, and 1; the flux units are 10−17erg s−1cm−2. There is an asymmetric extension in the Hα flux distribution to the left (east) of the host galaxy. The green circle, which has a radius of 3″, is an approximation of this Hα extension—we refer to this as the “Hα circle” throughout the text. The lower left hatched circle represents the effective spatial resolution of MaNGA, FWHM=2 5. (c) SDSS r-band image with the Hα flux contours superimposed; the blue circle marks the Re of the host galaxy. There is no optical source in the region of the Hα extension. (d, e) Spectra (before stellar continuum subtraction) from the indicated spaxels in the Hα extension and in the center of the galaxy, respectively. The vertical, dashed lines indicate the expected wavelengths of the [N II] doublet, Hα, and [S II] doublet emission lines at the systemic velocity of the host galaxy. https://scispace.com/papers/sea-and-planning-ownership-of-strategic-environmental-3m2poor3ae 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-planning-process-with-integrated-sea-process-of-the-173yb6gz.png Figure 1. Planning process with integrated SEA-process of the CDP Hörsching (after Stoeglehner 2004) https://scispace.com/papers/sea-level-adaptation-decisions-under-uncertainty-r1ltxmzdz9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relative-change-in-mean-annual-damage-as-a-function-3ljmdsbr.png Figure 2. Relative change in mean annual damage as a function of sea level rise for 15 European cites as estimated by Hallegatte et al. [2013] (black circles) with linearly extrapolated values indicated by gray lines. The median change and the corresponding extrapolation are indicated in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simultaneous-90-confidence-set-thick-black-lines-hg6bi53z.png Figure 4. Simultaneous 90% confidence set (thick black lines) for Bergen (left) and Esbjerg (right) sea level projections for the years 2000–2100 using RCP 8.5. The sea level data for 1950–2015 are shown in blue. The thin red lines are the projections without uncertainty based on each of the climate models. The dashed purple lines connect pointwise confidence intervals for each year. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-estimated-density-function-of-annual-damage-tp51q0yu.png Figure 5. (left) Estimated density function of annual damage costs in Bergen for 2015 (red) based on observed annual damage in Hordaland and Rogaland counties 1980–2015 (gray bars). (right) Q-Q plot comparing empirical and estimated quantiles with the line x5 y indicated in blue. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-median-estimates-and-90-intervals-of-total-2d311h5q.png Figure 10. Median estimates and 90% intervals of total accumulated damage cost for 2016–2100 without adaptation for five different uncertainty assumptions and three different sea level rise scenarios (RCP 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5). Estimates using medians of all components are shown in black and results accounting for all aspects of uncertainty are shown in blue. We also show the distributions of costs varying only one aspect of the uncertainty (sea level rise in purple, effect multiplier in yellow, and damage cost in green), holding the other two at their median values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-left-figure-shows-raw-black-and-gia-corrected-1lsf1fvp.png Figure 3. The left figure shows raw (black) and gia-corrected (red) sea level data from Bergen. The right figure relates the gia-corrected Bergen sea level to the global sea level series of Church and White [2011]. The straight line is the time series regression line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-flood-extents-and-depths-for-the-city-of-esbjerg-in-3cpb6ci7.png Figure 8. Flood extents and depths for the city of Esbjerg in year 2100 during storm surges with a return period of 20 years (RP20) and 100 years (RP100) with (a) no sea level rise and with sea level rise corresponding to RCP 85 (10th percentile (b), median (c), and 90th percentile (d)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-2050-bergen-left-and-esbjerg-right-sea-level-3k6mmekg.png Figure 9. 2050 Bergen (left) and Esbjerg (right) sea level projections with uncertainty due to different sources for RCP 8.5. The black vertical line is the median projection (with no uncertainty), while the gray histogram corresponds to the spread of the climate models, the red curve adds the uncertainty due to the relation between global temperature and global sea level, and the blue line that due to downscaling global sea level to Bergen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-terrain-maps-of-central-bergen-norway-left-and-3t9m4n7o.png Figure 1. Terrain maps of central Bergen, Norway (left) and Esbjerg, Denmark (right). https://scispace.com/papers/sea-surface-simulation-for-sar-remote-sensing-based-on-the-54n1n4olt5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-3t46ir7x.png Fig 5(a) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-gfbd3dzk.png Fig 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-17zyo9t4.png Fig 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-normalized-rcs-with-hv-and-vh-polarization-when-301-3cza8fji.png Fig 4 Normalized RCS with HV and VH polarization when ,301 ,032 3 varies from 0 to 360 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-normalized-rcs-with-vv-and-hh-polarization-when-301-1j4tpi93.png Fig 3 Normalized RCS with VV and HH polarization when ,301 ,032 3 varies from 0 to 360 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulated-ocean-suface-the-rcs-of-the-ocean-surface-is-vwp62pj9.png Fig 1 Simulated ocean suface The RCS of the ocean surface is https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-normalized-rcs-with-vv-and-hh-polarization-when-101-03-1vmf5rtz.png Fig 2 Normalized RCS with VV and HH polarization when ,101 ,03 2 varies from 90 to 90 . https://scispace.com/papers/sea-surface-salinity-as-a-proxy-for-arctic-ocean-freshwater-21kr272ghv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-1992-2015-monthly-time-series-of-ecco-v4-and-1gbxli2l.png Figure 4. The 1992–2015 monthly time series of ECCO‐v4 and satellite SSHA (a–c) and OBPA (b–d) averaged over the region north of 65°N for waters shallower than 200 m (a, b) and deeper than 200 m (c, d). The North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea are excluded from the time series (e.g., excluding longitudes between 40°W and 60°E). The monthly ECCO‐v4 ice mask is applied to the model and satellite data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-regional-distribution-of-temporal-correlation-1xyy0y5h.png Figure 5. Regional distribution of temporal correlation coefficients during the period 1992–2015 between monthly ECCO‐v4 sea surface salinity (SSS) and top‐to‐bottom freshwater water content with the seasonal cycle included (a) and with the seasonal cycle removed (b). The red solid line represents the 500‐m isobath contour. Only significant correlations (p value < 0.05) are shown. The monthly ECCO‐v4 ice mask is applied to the model data before computing the correlations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-average-number-of-days-per-year-that-each-pixel-is-rygjif8p.png Figure 11. Average number of days per year that each pixel is free of ice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-regional-distribution-of-temporal-correlation-jbdfry58.png Figure 6. Regional distribution of temporal correlation coefficients during the period 1992–2015 between monthly ECCO‐v4 SSS and sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) with the seasonal cycle included (a) and with the seasonal cycle removed (b). The red solid line represents the 500‐m isobath contour. Only significant correlations (p value < 0.05) are shown. The monthly ECCO‐v4 ice mask is applied to the model data before computing the correlations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-regional-distribution-of-temporal-correlation-2mlx8j4h.png Figure 7. Regional distribution of temporal correlation coefficients during the period 1992–2015 between monthly ECCO‐v4 SSS and SSHA‐minus‐OBPA with the seasonal cycle included (a) and with the seasonal cycle removed (b). The red solid line represents the 500‐m isobath contour. Only significant correlations (p value < 0.05) are shown. The monthly ECCO‐v4 ice mask is applied to the model data before computing the correlations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-1992-2015-monthly-time-series-of-normalized-3ltc943p.png Figure 10. The 1992–2015 monthly time series of normalized ECCO‐v4 sea surface salinity (SSS) (solid black line) and ocean bottom pressure anomaly (OBPA) minus sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) (dotted red line) on the Chukchi shelf (a) and Siberian shelf (c). Monthly SSS as a function of monthly OBPA‐SSHA on the Chukchi shelf (b) and Siberian shelf (d). The Chukchi shelf and Siberian shelf areas are represented by a red and magenta squares, respectively in Figure 7. The monthly ECCO‐v4 ice mask is applied to the model data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spatial-distribution-of-all-the-in-situ-temperature-1i90bh7g.png Figure 1. Spatial distribution of all the in situ temperature (a) and salinity (b) data used to constrain ECCO‐v4 (that contributed to the time‐mean vertical profile of Figure 2) for the Arctic domain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-mean-salinity-profiles-from-in-situ-data-black-1z76ozb0.png Figure 2. Time‐mean salinity profiles from in situ data (black) and colocated ECCO‐v4 estimates (red) from 10 to 500 m deep over the period 1992–2015 and for latitudes higher than 65°N. https://scispace.com/papers/seacycler-a-moored-open-ocean-profiling-system-for-the-upper-3087l5gh3k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-photographs-showing-the-command-sensor-floats-on-the-12i1mrsa.png FIG. 4. Photographs showing the Command Sensor Floats on the surface during the middle of deployment. The CTD sensor is out of the water, and the remainder of the Sensor Float remained submerged. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-view-of-all-three-float-bodies-on-a-coast-guard-vessel-3vugo31c.png FIG. 5. View of all three float bodies on a Coast Guard vessel prior to deployment. The Sensor Float is seen to have ample spare capacity for additional sensors, batteries, or electronics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-showing-the-overall-design-and-configuration-1347642f.png FIG. 1. Schematic showing the overall design and configuration of the SeaCycler system. The Mechanism Float (MF) is typically parked at 165-m depth with the Sensor Float (SF) pulled in close. The Communication Float (CF) is connected via 23m of fixedlength cable. During profiling, the MF moves downward while the SF ascends, in a 5:1 ratio. If there are no water currents and associated blowover of either the mooring with the MF and/or of the SF, the MF winches itself down to 195m while the SF reaches the surface. To allow for mooring blowover, the total cable stored allows for spooling out 466m of cable for the SF, and this requires 93m of cable capacity for the MF. At maximum payout the MF may thus be at a depth of 258m, resulting in a ‘‘net’’ SF cable length (relative to 150m) of 373m, or 223m of spare profiling capacity allowing for mooring blowover. Dimensions of the floats are as follows: for MF, length is 4.0m, maximum diameter is 1.8m, air weight is 1850 kg, and buoyancy is 440 kg; for SF, length is 2.5m, maximum diameter is 0.6m, air weight is 230 kg, and buoyancy is 105 kg; and for CF, length is 1.4m, maximum diameter is 0.1m, air weight is 18 kg, and buoyancy is 0.2 kg. Arrows on the left in the drum detail indicate bidirectional rotation and the associated translation forced by the axially mounted lead screw on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cutaway-view-of-the-neutrally-buoyant-winch-drum-uoe066ah.png FIG. 2. Cutaway view of the neutrally buoyant winch drum assembly showing how the torus motor, winch electronics, and battery packs are mounted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-communication-float-in-its-operating-position-at-the-5wf47unm.png FIG. 3. Communication Float in its operating position at the surface. Tank and field studies have shown remarkable stability with waves ranging from capillary to wind waves and swell, always keeping the antennas out of the water. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-profiles-that-did-not-reach-the-requested-stop-depth-3o7q77ot.png FIG. 6. Profiles that did not reach the requested stop depth are shown for various wave heights. These represent a very small number relative to the number of profiles completed. Even though these profiles stopped early, there was still an excellent chance that the Comm Float would pierce the surface to relay data due to the 23-m cable separation between the Comm Float and the Sensor Float where these depth measurements were actually made. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-time-series-display-of-the-real-time-recovered-data-2pzo9dg9.png FIG. 7. Time series display of the real-time recovered data for all 644 profiles from the deployment in 1100-m water depth in the open ocean off Halifax (April–May 2011), together with wave conditions from a near-by National Data Buoy Center buoy. The lowest two panels show data that were retrieved from a Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., MicroCAT farther down in the mooring, using the inductive communication capability made possible by the single connected cable routing from the Comm Float to the mooring wire below SeaCycler. https://scispace.com/papers/seam-carving-for-text-line-extraction-on-color-and-grayscale-11r6crrbf1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-examples-of-computed-medial-seams-blue-and-separating-14lux1ip.png Fig. 1. Examples of computed medial seams (blue) and separating seams (red) on an extract of the work Aline of C.F. Ramuz. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-comparison-with-the-evaluation-protocol-of-4-3quzls16.png TABLE V COMPARISON WITH THE EVALUATION PROTOCOL OF [4]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-extract-from-a-page-of-aline-p-46-c-f-ramuz-3jyo9agi.png Fig. 3. Extract from a page of Aline, p. 46, C.F. Ramuz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-comparison-of-our-algorithm-on-color-and-binary-1cfkcvll.png Fig. 2. A comparison of our algorithm on color and binary input. The extensive information loss renders our algorithm unreliable for separating seam computation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-details-of-the-datasets-used-in-our-experiments-2ttyhrzd.png TABLE II DETAILS OF THE DATASETS USED IN OUR EXPERIMENTS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-three-seam-types-generated-by-our-algorithm-27t7rblx.png Fig. 4. The three seam types generated by our algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameter-values-on-the-various-datasets-31j3ojkh.png TABLE I PARAMETER VALUES ON THE VARIOUS DATASETS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-on-a-sample-page-of-aline-3t5ynb5p.png Fig. 5. Comparison on a sample page of Aline. https://scispace.com/papers/search-classification-of-emotional-states-for-purposes-of-3f3tllsq32 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-exemple-decran-issu-du-logiciel-dacquisition-nmipfrth.png Figure 3 : Exemple d’écran issu du logiciel d’acquisition associant les courbes provenant des mesures physiologiques et des vidéo_p synchronisés. 1 correspond à l’interface utilisateur, 2 informe sur les différents éléments intégrés (capteurs, vidéo, ...), 3 représente les courbes enregistrées des capteurs (ici 4 courbes) et 4 affiche les vidéo_p. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-exemple-dextraction-des-donnees-issues-des-capteurs-yo0hufiv.png Figure 2 : Exemple d’extraction des données issues des capteurs. L’entête fournit la date et l’heure ainsi que les caractéristiques (unités et fréquences) des capteurs. 4 colonnes représentent les données recueillies par chaque capteur : respiration, GSR, température et CFM. https://scispace.com/papers/search-based-test-and-improvement-of-machine-learning-based-29qv8j9rzb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-traffic-rate-in-bytes-per-second-of-our-scada-1h36vptg.png Figure 3: The traffic rate (in Bytes per second) of our SCADA network case study confronted to a training attack. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-d-stream-online-and-offline-processes-7-z7lvofe5.png Figure 1: D-Stream online and offline processes [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-number-of-independent-attacks-out-of-50-detected-by-2ekumtqf.png Figure 9: Number of independent attacks (out of 50) detected by the defences di generated by our co-evolution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-normal-traffic-rate-in-bytes-per-second-of-our-d5zmkmec.png Figure 2: The normal traffic rate (in Bytes per second) of our SCADA network case study, recorded for 18 hours. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-median-of-the-best-attack-time-in-seconds-left-1cuwb1e2.png Table 1:Median of the best attack time in seconds (left numbers) and of the number of generations at which the best attacks are found (right numbers) across 50 runs for each pair of interval values. Diagonal values denote themedian for the corresponding single-instance interval value. Only upper triangle is shown since results are symmetric. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-generated-attack-deceiving-up-to-7-instance-ids-2ls4je48.png Figure 4: A generated attack deceiving up to 7-instance IDS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-best-defences-that-detected-the-10-attacks-that-zgj3yxie.png Table 2: The best defences that detected the 10 attacks that were previously successful. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-number-of-generations-required-to-find-the-best-1cgxrfal.png Figure 8: Number of generations required to find the best attack, across 50 runs and for an increasing number of DStream instances. https://scispace.com/papers/seamless-cryptographic-key-generation-via-off-the-shelf-omeu5odue6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-performance-comparison-of-cv-qkd-vs-dv-qkd-for-access-c690zcbz.png Fig. 5. Performance comparison of CV-QKD vs. DV-QKD for access and metro networks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-m-psk-based-quantum-transmitter-alice-xp3hftbf.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the m-PSK based quantum transmitter (Alice) and quantum receiver (Bob) for QTTH applications. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-performance-comparison-of-classical-data-transmission-2hnkrf2f.png Fig. 3. Performance comparison of classical data transmission: (a) averaged SNR w.r.t m-PSK signals at different FEC levels and (b) SNR penalty w.r.t ADC resolution for different baud-rates for m-PSK signals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-the-digital-signal-processing-phase-noise-2hexk1ve.png Fig. 2. Schematic of the digital signal processing (phase noise cancellation) module for quantum receiver (Bob). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-recent-cv-qkd-demonstrations-1r593jyh.png TABLE 1 Overview of recent CV-QKD demonstrations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-adc-minimum-requirements-to-process-1d9ek65b.png TABLE 2 Summary of the ADC minimum requirements to process the m-PSK signals https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-calculated-qkd-secure-key-rates-as-a-function-of-1wo3yf61.png Fig. 4. Calculated QKD secure key rates as a function of transmission distance for: (a) 4-PSK and 8-PSK modulation and (b) single channel (1-Ch) 4-PSK modulation, 12 channel WDM 4-PSK modulation with 25 and 50 GHz channel spacing. Simulations are performed by assuming 60% detector efficiency and 95% reconciliation efficiency. https://scispace.com/papers/search-costs-demand-side-economies-and-the-incentives-to-21mw0bkylh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-plot-of-expression-47-1gjmg3nv.png Figure 9: Plot of expression 47 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-long-run-pre-and-post-merger-equilibrium-profits-n-3muu0sc9.png Figure 6: Long-run pre- and post-merger equilibrium profits (n = 3, k = 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-long-run-pre-and-post-merger-profits-and-consumer-3h1a139z.png Figure 7: Long-run pre- and post-merger profits and consumer surplus (n = 3, k = 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-existence-and-uniqueness-of-symmetric-equilibrium-2jek65dh.png Figure 8: Existence and uniqueness of symmetric equilibrium https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-long-run-pre-and-post-merger-equilibria-n-3-k-2-2gzdnaas.png Figure 3: Long-run pre- and post-merger equilibria (n = 3, k = 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pre-and-post-merger-prices-and-merger-profitability-nosrc18t.png Figure 2: Pre- and post-merger prices, and merger profitability (n = 3, k = 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-reservation-utilities-prices-and-search-costs-n-3-k-1y6nyvtb.png Figure 4: Reservation utilities, prices and search costs (n = 3, k = 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-payoff-of-the-deviating-merged-entity-2g7nq6l4.png Figure 11: Payoff of the (deviating) merged entity https://scispace.com/papers/search-for-cp-violation-in-d0-p0-p0-decays-3t9wil4g7n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-cp-violation-asymmetry-acp-top-and-3l16jdjp.png FIG. 2 (color online). CP violation asymmetry ACP (top) and forward-backward asymmetry AFB (bottom) values as a function of j cos θ j. Plots on the left (right) are for the π0π0 (K0Sπ0) final state. The solid red lines represent the central values obtained from a least-squares minimization, the blue regions for the ACP plots show the 1σ interval, and the dashed blue curves for the AFB plots show the leading-order prediction for AFBðeþe− → cc̄Þ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-distributions-of-the-mass-difference-dm-1tk4pl6p.png FIG. 1 (color online). Distributions of the mass difference ΔM for the π0π0 (left) and K0Sπ 0 (right) final states. Top (bottom) plots are for the D þ (D −) sample. Points with error bars are the data, the solid curves show the results of the fit, and the dashed curves are the background predictions. https://scispace.com/papers/search-for-free-quarks-produced-in-ultra-relativistic-5dx4zv1zll 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-beam-conditions-for-each-of-the-quark-34or2rhy.png Table 2. Summary of beam conditions for each of the quark stopping materials. The limit is the 90% confidence value and is expressed in quarks per interacting ion. Beam Momentum Stopping Material Beam Integrated Umit https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-probability-that-a-quark-produced-in-the-ftrst-bnl-2tlsgffr.png Table 1. Probability that a quark produced in the ftrst BNL Hg tank will stop in the tank. Quark Mass Effective Target Mass (Ge V) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-histogram-of-the-measured-residual-charge-for-drops-pd6kmhin.png Fig. 2. A histogram of the measured residual charge for drops which passed all acceptance tests for the distilled mercury. The two arrows show the expected position for residual charge for any drop which contains a charged 1/3 or 2/3 quark. https://scispace.com/papers/search-for-dark-matter-with-space-experiments-3i83r5mzdk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-same-as-figure-7-with-tanb-55-135q5ew5.png Figure 9: Same as figure 7 with tanβ=55 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-same-fluxes-of-figure-2-with-the-kind-of-1bjzlz8f.png Figure 5: Same fluxes of figure 2 with the kind of statistical errors that it is expected in three years with GLAST. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-distribution-of-observing-time-with-inclination-19t9lyyv.png Figure 6: Distribution of observing time with inclination angle for the declination of the Galactic center https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-sensitivity-of-present-and-future-detectors-in-the-325r0x7q.png Figure 11: Sensitivity of present and future detectors in the gamma-ray astrophysics (top) and the timeline schedule versus the energy range covered by present and future detectors in X and gamma-ray astrophysics (bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-in-the-left-panel-differential-yield-per-3tfkaljg.png Figure 1: In the left panel: differential yield per annihilation for a few sample annihilation channels and a fixed WIMP mass (200 GeV ). The solid lines are the total yields, while the dashed lines are components not due to π0 decays. For comparison the emissivity, with normalization arbitrarly rescaled, from the interaction of primaries with the interstellar medium is shown. In the right panel: differential yields per annihilations for a fixed annihilation channel (bb̄) and for a few sample values of WIMP mass, rescaled with the inverse the WIMP mass squared. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-contour-plot-in-the-msugra-m0-m1-2-plane-for-the-2oxxpqp6.png Figure 7: Contour plot in the mSUGRA (m0,m1/2) plane, for the value of the normalization factor Nχ, that allows the detection of the neutralino γ ray signal with GLAST. In the green region 0.13 ≤ Ωχh2 ≤ 1, while the red region corresponds to the WMAP range 0.09 ≤ Ωχh2 ≤ 0.13. The black region corresponds to models that are excluded either by incorrect EWSB, LEP bounds violations or because the neutralino is not the LSP. In the dark shaded region mh0 < 114.3 GeV and h0 is the lightest Higgs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-distortion-of-the-secondary-positron-fraction-on-26r580gf.png Figure 10: Distortion of the secondary positron fraction (on the left) and secondary antiproton flux (on the right) induced by a signal from a heavy neutralino. The PAMELA expectations in the case of exotic contributions are shown by red squares. For the experimental results and standard theoretical predictions see [19] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fit-of-the-egret-galactic-center-g-ray-data-for-a-30obvozb.png Figure 2: Fit of the EGRET Galactic Center γ-ray data for a sample WIMP models. with Mχ = 80.3 GeV and W −W+ annihilation channel. https://scispace.com/papers/search-for-cosmic-neutrino-point-sources-with-four-years-of-ao1am3mt9s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-top-the-neutrino-effective-area-for-the-selected-2m5wio9d.png Figure 6. Top: the neutrino effective area for the selected events as a function of the neutrino energy Ev for three different declination bands. Bottom: acceptance of the detector which is proportional to the number of events that would be detected and selected from a point-like source at a given declination assuming a flux of IO-7 x (Ev/G eV )~2 GeV-1 cm-2 s-1 as a function of the sine of the declination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-distribution-of-the-number-of-hits-used-in-the-2ck94sio.png Figure 7. Distribution of the number of hits used in the reconstruction, for the selected data (black dots), and the total Monte Carlo background contribution, i.e., atmospheric muons and atmospheric neutrinos (solid green line). The dashed blue line corresponds to the cosmic neutrino signal assuming an E ~2 spectrum. The distribution is normalized to the integral of the total number of events. All the cuts described in Section 6 are applied. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-from-the-search-for-high-energy-neutrinos-2flr4j4c.png Table 2 Results from the Search for High-energy Neutrinos from Sources in the Candidate List https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-view-of-the-antares-detector-consisting-r0f6k290.png Figure 1. Schematic view of the ANTARES detector, consisting of 12 mooring lines connected to the shore station through an electro-optical cable. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-probability-for-a-3a-red-lines-and-5o-blue-lines-22ztumkb.png Figure 10. Probability for a 3a (red lines) and 5o (blue lines) full-sky search discovery as a function of the mean number of signal events from a source at 5 = —70° with a neutrino spectrum proportional to E~2. The dotted blue and red lines are for the likelihood described; the solid lines refer to the case where Ahits is not used. The horizontal dotted black line corresponds to the probability to make a discovery in 50% of the pseudo-experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-distribution-of-the-test-statistic-q-for-the-full-1fn4ky1b.png Figure 9. Distribution of the test statistic Q for the full-sky search. The full yellow histogram is for the background only experiments. The red, blue, and green lines are for 3, 6, and 9 signal events generated from a source with an E~2 spectrum at a declination of —70°. The vertical dotted lines show the values of Q corresponding to the 3a and 5a significance level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-events-before-and-after-applying-selection-3cnhi2wv.png Table 1 Number of Events before and after Applying Selection Cuts for Data (Second Column) and Monte Carlo Simulations (Third, Fourth, and Fifth Columns) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-sky-map-in-equatorial-coordinates-showing-the-p-925f2f57.png Figure 11. Sky map in equatorial coordinates showing the p -values obtained for the point-like clusters evaluated in the full-sky scan; the penalty factor accounting for the number of trials is not considered in this calculation. https://scispace.com/papers/search-for-heavy-particles-decaying-into-electron-positron-1edbacgfpe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-observed-and-expected-number-of-events-2mlkxhwf.png TABLE I. Comparison of observed and expected number of events, for combined CC/CC and CC/EC samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-upper-limit-at-95-confidence-level-for-z-1syrjiu4.png FIG. 5. Experimental upper limit at 95% confidence level for Z′ → e+e− production compared with predictions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-upper-limits-at-95-confidence-level-for-21c9fw10.png FIG. 4. Experimental upper limits at 95% confidence level for ρT , ωT → e+e− production compared with predictions from Refs. [9,11]. Mρ,ω and Mπ denote technihadron masses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-upper-limits-at-95-confidence-level-for-1c64g7g5.png FIG. 3. Experimental upper limits at 95% confidence level for ρT , ωT → e+e− production compared with predictions from Refs. [9,11]. Mρ,ω and Mπ denote technihadron masses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dielectron-invariant-mass-spectrum-for-cc-cc-events-21sglvap.png FIG. 1. Dielectron invariant mass spectrum for CC/CC events. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dielectron-invariant-mass-spectrum-for-cc-ec-events-2dh49gu3.png FIG. 2. Dielectron invariant mass spectrum for CC/EC events. https://scispace.com/papers/search-for-the-eta-mesic-helium-in-proton-deuteron-reaction-1fgznxopaw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-3he-missing-mass-spectrum-for-the-excess-energy-cg3pzoop.png Fig. 1. The 3He missing mass spectrum for the excess energy interval Q3He η ∈ (17.5, 20) MeV. Left: the background around the η-creation peak is fit with a polynomial. Right: missing mass after the background subtraction (for obtaining the amount of η creation events). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-integrated-luminosity-determined-based-on-pd-3he-e-6da4dtq3.png Fig. 2. Integrated luminosity determined based on pd → 3He η reaction for the excess energy range of Q3He η > 0. The luminosity was calculated for 8.5% of the collected data. https://scispace.com/papers/search-for-multiple-k-l-photoionization-in-solid-transition-a075cq95nv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-estimates-of-k-l-ionization-energies-in-ev-283q489x.png TABLE I. Estimates of K +L ionization energies (in eV): Comparison of experimental and HF values for E-shell ionization energies is used to recalibrate E +L estimates from HF86 code of Froese-Fischer [24]. Reported values from previous experiments are included. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-filtering-out-the-far-exafs-structure-a-exafs-spectra-1jdkzgdo.png FIG. 3. Filtering out the far EXAFS structure. (a) EXAFS spectra of Co: ———,at room temperature;, cooled with liquid nitrogen. (b) The room-temperature spectrum ( ———) and its residual (. - - ~ ) after removal of EXAFS by Eq. (2). (c) The reference spectrum without cobalt sample for comparison of noise levels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-analysis-of-absorption-spectrum-of-nib-glass-a-scans-1lce09vq.png FIG. 2. Analysis of absorption spectrum of NiB glass: (a) Scans of incident beam (top) and transmitted beam (bottom). (b) Absorption ln(IO/I„, „,). (c) Enhanced structure of IMd with EXAFS after subtraction of best-fit third-order polynomial. (d) Reference spectrum without NiB sample after the same treatment as in (c). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-experimental-results-for-each-sample-the-energy-2jxanp26.png TABLE II. Experimental results: For each sample the energy region of K +L edge search, K-edge jump, and residual noise level are given. Ratios of the latter two values are used as upper limits for the relative E +L edge jumps and compared to previous results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-residual-noise-in-absorption-spectra-of-all-23x74orh.png FIG. 4. Residual noise in absorption spectra of all investigated elements. Estimates of K+L& and K+L~ 3 ionization energies from Table I are indicated. https://scispace.com/papers/search-for-the-neutron-rich-hypernucleus-l-9-he-2h4li3y6vg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-p-momentum-a-and-p-momentum-b-1auo0kcb.png FIG. 3. (Color online) π+ momentum (a) and π− momentum (b) distributions for 9Be target events with Tsum = (194.5–197.5) MeV. The shaded (red) rectangles highlight pion momenta pπ+ = (253.5–259) MeV/c and pπ− = (114.5–122) MeV/c, corresponding to B (9 He) = 5–10 MeV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-anticipated-9-he-energy-level-scheme-below-the-lowest-373e315r.png FIG. 1. Anticipated 9 He energy level scheme below the lowest neutron emission threshold, together with higher neutron emission thresholds. Note the schematically marked 9 He excited doublet that is based on 8He (particle-unstable) first excitation 2+ at≈3.1 MeV [4]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-p-momentum-vs-p-momentum-for-9be-target-3tbhvra8.png FIG. 2. (Color online) π+ momentum vs π− momentum for 9Be target events with Tsum = (194.5–197.5) MeV. The shaded (red) rectangle indicates the position of events with pπ+ = (253.5–259) MeV/c and pπ− = (114.5–122) MeV/c. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-upper-limits-on-rates-r-per-stoppedk-for-production-24n1aci3.png TABLE I. Upper limits on rates R per stoppedK−, for production of p-shell neutron-rich hypernuclei in the (K−stop, π+) reaction. https://scispace.com/papers/search-for-particles-decaying-into-a-z-boson-and-a-photon-in-56xblr70i7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-expected-and-observed-cross-section-times-3vig7b44.png Fig. 4. The expected and observed cross section times branching fraction 95% C.L. limit for a scalar X decaying into Zγ as a function of M for narrow scalar. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-of-the-three-body-mass-mllg-for-candidate-3coehu37.png Fig. 3. Distribution of the three-body mass, Mllγ , for candidate events and SM expectations. The signal shape for a 130 GeV/c2 scalar decaying to Zγ with a σ(pp̄→X)×B(X→Zγ )= 1 pb is also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distribution-of-candidates-in-the-three-body-mass-mllg-3oqqyz86.png Fig. 2. Distribution of candidates in the three-body mass, Mllγ , vs two-body mass, Mll , plane is shown. The electron candidates are blue circles and the muons are red starts. The muon candidates are shown before the two-body mass constraint is applied. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-feynman-diagrams-for-standard-model-sources-of-di-3oal53fp.png Fig. 1. The Feynman diagrams for standard model sources of di-lepton plus γ events are shown. Diagram (a) shows qq̄ → Z-boson plus γ , where the photon is radiated from the quark or anti-quark. Diagram (b) shows qq̄ → Z/γ , where the photon is radiated from one of the Z boson’s decay products. Diagram (c) shows Higgs production and decay into a Z boson and a photon. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-expected-and-observed-cross-section-times-2jge0jq5.png Fig. 5. The expected and observed cross section times branching fraction 95% C.L. limit for a scalar X decaying into Zγ as a function of M ′ for wide scalar. M ′ is the median of the true mass distribution for a generic object using the arbitrary width technique. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-cross-section-times-branching-fraction-95-c-l-vioaalzb.png Fig. 6. The cross section times branching fraction 95% C.L. limits for a narrow scalar X decaying into Zγ as a function of M . Curves representing the cross section times branching ratio expected from three variations of the Higgs are shown. https://scispace.com/papers/search-for-the-theta-1540-in-lattice-qcd-1y029czbm9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-our-calculations-24lsdv2u.png Table 1. Parameters of our calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plot-of-the-eigenvector-components-for-amq-0-08-which-1867e02p.png Fig. 2. Plot of the eigenvector components for amq = 0.08 which corresponds to the pion mass mπ = 0.66GeV. The left hand side plot shows the eigenvector components of the negative parity ground state, the right hand side plot is for the negative parity 1st excited state. The eigenvectors are obviously stable and different. Thus, we conclude that we observe to independent states. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-results-from-cross-correlation-of-our-final-set-of-xvc0yiuy.png Fig. 1. Results from cross-correlation of our final set of interpolating fields, i.e., (4), (5), (6), (7) and (8). We show effective masses for the two lowest-lying eigenvalues computed according to Eq. (16). The dashed line represents MN + MK obtained from a separate calculation on the same lattice. The solid line is the energy for the smallest momentum calculated according to Eq. (17). For all our quarks we use Jacobi smeared Gaussian sources. https://scispace.com/papers/search-for-gravitational-waves-from-a-long-lived-remnant-of-3fmg9xa9pi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-parameter-coverage-in-fstart-t-and-o-of-the-3swko3lt.png Figure 3. Parameter coverage in fstart, τ and ò of the injection sets used for the n=5 sensitivity estimates, as listed in Tables 2–5. As shown in the left-hand panel, the HMM and STAMP injections are at fixed 10 , 10 , 102 3 4t Î [ ] s, while for ATrHough and FreqHough different fstartt ( ) curves are covered for different choices of TSFT (and, in the case of FreqHough, tD ) in the search setup. At each n f, ,start t( ) parameter space point, the maximum ò allowed by the energy budget (E Egw rot= ) is chosen (right-hand panel), assuming a NS moment of inertia of I M G c100 4.34 10 kg mzz 3 2 4 38 2= » ´ . Lines of constant ò (left panel) or τ (right-hand panel) are shown for comparison. STAMP injections include fstart up to 3000 Hz for longer τ, with those above 2000 Hz covered by the high-frequency search configuration. But for 100 st = , we limit fstart to 2000 Hz because injections at higher frequencies would leave the high-frequency band too rapidly to be recoverable. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-sample-of-search-sensitivities-achieved-for-the-3qhag112.png Figure 2. A sample of search sensitivities achieved for the power-law spindown signal model with braking index n=5. Results are shown as sensitive distance d90% (lefthand panel) for otherwise physical parameters, or as required emitted energy Egw 90% at a fixed distance d=40 Mpc (right-hand panel), both as a function of reference starting frequency fstart used for the injections of each pipeline. ( f f t tstart gw= = D( ) for STAMP and FreqHough and f f f t 0start gw0 gw= = =( ) for the others.) See Figure 3 for the parameter ranges covered by each injection set. This figure shows the subset with highest sensitivity for each analysis; this corresponds to the shortest ( 100t = s) injections for STAMP and HMM, while for ATrHough and FreqHough fstartt ( ) is variable, depending on the search coherence length, as also listed in Tables 4 and 5. Note that detection thresholds are also different between pipelines. The NS ellipticity ò is always chosen as the maximum allowed by the energy budget constraint E Egw rot= at each (n f, ,start t) parameter point, assuming a NS moment of inertia of I M G c100 4.34 10 kg mzz https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stamp-background-distributions-in-terms-of-false-j7sohepy.png Figure 4. STAMP background distributions, in terms of false-alarm probability pFA as a function of detection statistic (S/N), for the low- and high-frequency bands, and the corresponding loudest foreground triggers (dot and diamond symbols). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-atrhough-search-sensitivities-estimated-from-37urh7kx.png Table 4 ATrHough Search Sensitivities Estimated from Simulated Signals (Injections) Following the Power-law Spin-down Model with Braking Index n=5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-freqhough-search-sensitivities-estimated-from-29g3t5in.png Table 5 FreqHough Search Sensitivities Estimated from Simulated Signals (Injections) Following the Power-law Spin-down Model with Braking Index n=5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-panel-noise-strain-amplitude-spectral-density-1btbjvga.png Figure 1. Top panel: noise strain amplitude spectral density (ASD) curves of LIGO Hanford (H1) and Livingston (L1) on 2018 August 17. (Averaged over 1800 s stretches including GW170817.) Lower panel: analyzable science mode data segments for the remaining O2 run after the GW170817 event. Verticaldotted lines mark the analysis end times, from left to right, for HMM, FreqHough, ATrHough and STAMP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-atrhough-90-sensitivity-estimates-for-n-5-and-f-f-f-21y2ulzx.png Figure 8. ATrHough 90% sensitivity estimates for n=5 and f f f tstart gw0 gw c= = ( ). For either cos 0, 1i = [ ], the connected lines (from bottom to top in d) are for coherence times of T 2, 4, 6, 8SFT = [ ]. The shaded ranges: 2σ envelopes of logit fits over the different injection sets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-stamp-90-sensitivity-estimates-for-n-5-and-variable-od1wkj9u.png Figure 6. STAMP 90% sensitivity estimates for n=5 and variable fstart. For either cos 0, 1i = [ ], the connected lines (from top to bottom in d) are for injections with 10 , 10 , 102 3 4t Î [ ] s. The shaded ranges correspond to 1σ binomial counting errors on the injection sets. https://scispace.com/papers/search-for-the-rare-decays-j-y-d-s-rho-and-j-psi-d-over-bar-4vdjjyxrow 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-leading-order-feynman-diagrams-for-a-j-ps-d-s-rth-and-17rdocl2.png FIG. 1. Leading-order Feynman diagrams for (a) J=ψ → D−s ρþ and (b) J=ψ → D̄0K̄ 0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-numbers-used-in-the-calculation-of-upper-limits-on-1u3pqpse.png TABLE II. Numbers used in the calculation of upper limits on the branching fractions of J=ψ → D−s ρþ and J=ψ → D̄0K̄ 0. ε is the detection efficiency. Binter is the intermediate branching fraction. σsys is the systematic error. NUL is the upper limit of the number of observed events at the 90% C.L. B is the upper limit at the 90% C.L. on the branching fraction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-systematic-errors-1tsz7msv.png TABLE I. Summary of systematic errors (%). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-umiss-distributions-for-the-decay-of-a-j-ika6kslj.png FIG. 4 (color online). Umiss distributions for the decay of (a) J=ψ → D−s ρþ and (b) J=ψ → D̄0K̄ 0. The requirements jUmissj < 0.05 GeV and jUmissj < 0.02 GeV are shown in the figures by vertical arrows. The dots with error bars are data, while the histograms represent distributions of the arbitrarily normalized exclusive signal MC events. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-mass-distributions-recoiling-against-a-1q77bdcr.png FIG. 5 (color online). Mass distributions recoiling against (a) ρþ from J=ψ → D−s ρþ and (b) K̄ 0 from J=ψ → D̄0K̄ 0. Data are shown by dots with error bars. The solid histograms are the unnormalized MC-simulated signal events, while the dashed histograms are background distributions from selected inclusive MC events. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-pmiss-distributions-for-the-decay-of-a-j-3vfssfc7.png FIG. 3 (color online). Pmiss distributions for the decay of (a) J=ψ → D−s ρþ and (b) J=ψ → D̄0K̄ 0. The requirement Pmiss > 0.1 GeV=c is shown in the figures by vertical arrows. The dots with error bars are data, while the histograms represent distributions of the arbitrarily normalized exclusive signal MC events. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-invariant-mass-distributions-of-22ig94on.png FIG. 2 (color online). The invariant mass distributions of resonance candidates for (a) ρþ from J=ψ → D−s ρþ, ρþ → πþπ0ðπ0 → γγÞ and (b) K̄ 0 from J=ψ → D̄0K̄ 0, K̄ 0 → K−πþ. The requirements ofMπ0πþ ∈ ð0.62; 0.95Þ GeV=c2 andMK−πþ ∈ ð0.82; 0.98Þ GeV=c2 are shown in the figures by vertical arrows. The dots with error bars are data, while the histograms represent distributions of the arbitrarily normalized exclusive signal MC events. https://scispace.com/papers/search-for-wz-zz-production-with-missing-transverse-energy-nm9rsanrsg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-4-comparisons-of-predictions-and-data-excluding-l5sjugd0.png Figure A.4: Comparisons of predictions and data, excluding bness cuts, for jet 1 bness (left) and jet 2 bness (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-3-comparisons-of-predictions-and-data-for-the-no-eohoq450.png Figure A.3: Comparisons of predictions and data for the no-tag channel (left column) and two-tag channel (right column). The top row is jet 1 η and the bottom row is jet 2 η. https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-2-list-of-alpgen-z-mc-samples-used-in-b-tagger-2ymejfr5.png Table B.2: List of Alpgen Z MC samples used in b tagger validation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-8-output-of-the-jet-bness-nn-for-b-jets-red-dashed-3241p017.png Figure 4.8: Output of the jet bness NN for b jets (red dashed line) and non-b jets (black solid line). The high bness region is dominated by b jets as desired. However, we note that there are also b jets peaked near −0.8. These are mostly from jets with no secondary vertex, zero tracks with positive bness, and no KS candidate. This is inevitable; some b jets do look just like non-b jets. Sharp features in the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-7-matrix-of-linear-correlation-coefficients-between-1k2h1kn5.png Figure 4.7: Matrix of linear correlation coefficients between the jet NN input variables in the signal training sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-7-trigger-efficiency-as-a-function-of-mjj-left-and-18guqvi4.png Figure 5.7: Trigger efficiency as a function of mjj (left) and E/T (right). The dashed lines in the E/T plot show the statistical uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-top-aerial-view-of-fermilab-and-the-tevatron-126g1c7n.png Figure 3.1: Top: aerial view of Fermilab and the Tevatron, photograph inside the tunnel of the Tevatron ring, and location map. Bottom: schematic showing the main parts of the Tevatron accelerator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-10-example-turn-on-curve-and-fit-for-200-injections-dig833ph.png Figure C.10: Example turn-on curve and fit for 200 injections per voltage step. https://scispace.com/papers/search-in-sensor-networks-challenges-techniques-and-4ex8mv7pho 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mst-for-selected-node-communication-yqm8oaz5.png Fig. 4. MST for selected node communication https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sensor-network-communication-links-atq5xyk8.png Fig. 3. Sensor Network: Communication links. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-boyer-moore-search-string-algorithm-3oncw2vz.png Fig. 1. Boyer-Moore search string algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-boyer-moore-search-string-example-gi9k48vl.png Fig. 2. Boyer-Moore search string example. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-speed-up-using-statistical-boyer-moore-algorithm-9qu0zslt.png Table 1. (a) Speed-up using statistical Boyer-Moore algorithm for stream search. (b) Power consumption reduction using aggregation. For explanation see Section 6. https://scispace.com/papers/search-obfuscation-and-price-elasticities-on-the-internet-2uh16xk7o8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-instrumental-variables-estimates-of-pc100-128mb-kfwcvfda.png Table 8: Instrumental variables estimates of PC100 128MB Memory Demand Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-website-designed-to-induce-consumers-to-upgrade-ncmdf7qy.png Figure 3: A website designed to induce consumers to upgrade to a higher quality memory module. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-prices-for-128mb-pc100-memory-modules-the-lowest-elm81se4.png Figure 2: Prices for 128MB PC100 memory modules: the lowest and 12th lowest prices on Pricewatch and website B’s price https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-sample-pricewatch-search-list-128mb-pc100-memory-2lkrymlu.png Figure 1: A sample Pricewatch search list: 128MB PC100 memory modules at 12:01pm ET on October 12, 2000. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-for-amd-athlon-processor-data-c0wxc7e0.png Table 2: Summary statistics for AMD Athlon processor data https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-for-memory-module-data-206fvldn.png Table 1: Summary statistics for memory module data https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-price-elasticities-for-memory-modules-three-19bkq3f9.png Table 4: Price elasticities for memory modules: three qualities in each of four product classes https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-effect-of-low-quality-pricewatch-rank-on-sales-of-3szmrwya.png Table 6: Effect of low quality Pricewatch rank on sales of each quality level: estimates from six datasets. https://scispace.com/papers/search-methodologies-for-efficient-planetary-site-selection-4drpjix4q6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-results-2vb43nab.png Fig. 5. Experimental results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-landing-with-hazard-avoidance-courtesy-of-nasa-gbz0wqw7.png Fig. 1. Landing with hazard avoidance (courtesy of NASA) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sites-visited-by-a-run-of-particle-swarm-optimization-20q6lk1h.png Fig. 6. Sites visited by a run of Particle Swarm Optimization, in the 8th iteration of the CRATERS dataset. Compare with Figures 3 and 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representation-of-the-shadow-criterion-for-all-sites-3pbozzk4.png Fig. 2. Representation of the Shadow criterion for all sites, in the 8th iteration of the CRATERS dataset https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sites-ranks-in-the-8th-iteration-of-the-craters-3g68z9qw.png Fig. 4. Sites’ ranks, in the 8th iteration of the CRATERS dataset https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sites-quality-in-the-8th-iteration-of-the-craters-139vsjc6.png Fig. 3. Sites’ quality, in the 8th iteration of the CRATERS dataset https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-average-ranks-of-the-best-sites-found-by-each-3aga6nhd.png TABLE I AVERAGE RANKS OF THE BEST SITES FOUND BY EACH ALGORITHM (0 IS OPTIMAL). https://scispace.com/papers/searches-for-exotic-phenomena-with-the-atlas-detector-4ymxgsyup0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-diboson-invariant-mass-distribution-in-w-en-v-qq-z-1di9oyxc.png Fig. 5. The diboson invariant mass distribution in W (→ eν)V (→ qq), Z(→ `¯̀)V (→ qq) (middle) and Z(→ νν̄)V (→ qq) (right) final states using 13 TeV 2015+2016 combined dataset by ATLAS, with the ratio of the DATA/MC shown at the lower panel [18], [19]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-summary-of-the-current-x-diboson-cross-section-3hss1iax.png Fig. 6. The summary of the current X → diboson cross-section limits in comparison with HVT W ′ →WZ benchmark model [20]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-transverse-mass-distributions-for-events-2gr9ebvl.png Fig. 1. Left: Transverse mass distributions for events satisfying all selection criteria in the muon channel. The distributions are compared to the sum of all expected backgrounds, with three selected W ′SSM signals overlaid. The band in the ratio plot shows the systematic uncertainty [3]. Right: Median expected (dashed black line) and observed (solid black line) 95% confidence level (CL) upper limits on σ×BR. The predicted σ × BR cross-section for W ′SSM production is shown as a red solid line [3]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-upper-95-cl-limits-for-z-production-s-x-br-to-two-3attc9f2.png Fig. 2. Left: Upper 95% CL limits for Z ′ production σ × BR to two leptons. Right: lower 95% CL limits on the contact interaction (CI) scale Λ for different chiral coupling and both constructive and destructive interference scenarios using a uniform positive prior in 1/Λ2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-95-cl-upper-limits-obtained-from-the-mjj-distribution-1xdug1r5.png Fig. 7. 95% CL upper limits obtained from the mjj distribution on cross-section times acceptance (σ × A), for the chosen models: q∗ (left), quantum black holes with n = 6 generated with BlackMax (right) [22]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-left-the-invariant-mass-distribution-of-selected-vnom1ubn.png Fig. 3. Left: The invariant mass distribution of selected electron-muon pairs for data and MC expectation. The errors show the statistical uncertainty on the observed yields, while the systematic band includes the addition in quadrature of all systematic uncertainties. Right: The expected and observed 95% CL lower mass limits on the Z ′ production cross-section in decays to an e final state [13]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-summary-of-atlas-limits-on-the-lepto-phobic-axial-3kvjo5v0.png Fig. 8. A summary of ATLAS limits on the lepto-phobic axial vector mediators coupling to DM, with variable mediator and DM masses, from both the leading EmissT +X analyses and dark mediator searches. Coupling values are fixed to (left) 0.25 for quarks and 1 for DM (left) or 0.1 for quarks and 1 for DM (right) [20]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-the-diphoton-invariant-mass-for-the-1a35tcpa.png Fig. 4. Distribution of the diphoton invariant mass for the selection used in the search for a spin-2 (left) [15] and spin-0 (right) [14] resonance with the best background-only fit. https://scispace.com/papers/search-tracker-human-derived-object-tracking-in-the-wild-1uzu8b5pgp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-example-of-retrieval-results-for-a-query-video-3jl1vxf1.png Fig. 6. Example of retrieval results for a query video sequence. (a)–(c) Frames from a query video and (d)–(f) frames from the top retrieved result among the library videos. The motion of the walking person in the query video in the top-left direction has been matched to the motion of the bicyclist. Note the difference in the spatial scales and locations of the objects in the query and result videos. The red boxes in (a)–(c) signify detected bounding boxes and green boxes signify ground truth. The green boxes in (d)–(f) show the human annotated bounding boxes stored with the library videos. (Best viewed in color.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-of-our-approach-with-state-of-the-art-2zf1ps1c.png Fig. 10. Comparison of our approach with state-of-the-art trackers on CAVIAR and Courtyard data sets. The first (top) row shows images where the target undergoes illumination and shape variations. In the second row, the target passes through a cluttered scene. The target in the third row undergoes compression artifacts and an occlusion. The proposed tracker is able to track the targets and it adapts bounding box scale to the target size, whereas the competing trackers get distracted by scene clutter, have fixed bounding box scales, and fail when the target appearance changes or undergoes occlusions. (Best viewed in color.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-frames-a-and-b-of-a-sequence-with-a-pedestrian-18pj3gso.png Fig. 1. Two frames (a) and (b) of a sequence with a pedestrian walking from right to left. The red and green boxes represent the tracker’s predicted object location and ground-truth, respectively. Typical appearance-based trackers fail on such low visual-quality video sequences. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-f-optical-flow-fields-for-frames-presented-in-fig-6-ljoveaeg.png Fig. 7. (a)–(f) Optical flow fields for frames presented in Fig. 6. Query frame flow fields in (a)–(c) have the directly transferred white bounding boxes and the results of the warping method (described in Section III-C3) are drawn using the red bounding boxes. The green boxes in (d)–(f) represent manually annotated bounding boxes from the retrieval results. (Best viewed in color.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-comparative-table-of-clear-multiple-object-tracking-20ykhb17.png TABLE V COMPARATIVE TABLE OF CLEAR MULTIPLE OBJECT TRACKING SCORES FOR THE PETS-2009 S2L2 SEQUENCE ACROSS TRACKING METHODS. A HIGHER VALUE REFLECTS SUPERIOR TRACKING RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparative-table-of-mean-cle-scores-in-pixels-for-3blwforg.png TABLE II COMPARATIVE TABLE OF MEAN CLE SCORES IN PIXELS FOR DATA SETS ACROSS TRACKING METHODS. A LOWER VALUE REFLECTS SUPERIOR TRACKING RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparative-table-of-mean-voc-scores-for-data-sets-1m4pmebb.png TABLE I COMPARATIVE TABLE OF MEAN VOC SCORES FOR DATA SETS ACROSS TRACKING METHODS. A HIGHER VALUE REFLECTS SUPERIOR TRACKING RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-and-b-results-for-appearance-based-tracker-2qxc0c43.png Fig. 8. (a) and (b) Results for appearance-based tracker reproduced from Fig. 1 for comparison. (c) and (d) Results for the ST on frames from the Courtyard data set. The ST has ignored scene clutter and continues to track the target across frames. Tracker results and ground truth boxes are marked in red and green, respectively. (Best viewed in color.) https://scispace.com/papers/search-for-zh-l-l-bb-production-in-4-2fb-1-of-pp-collisions-mpainpb5ig 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-expected-and-observed-95-c-l-upper-limits-on-754puah4.png TABLE II. The expected and observed 95% C.L. upper limits on the cross section for ZH ! ‘þ‘ b b, expressed as a ratio to the SM cross section. The corresponding observed limits on the ZH production cross section multiplied by the branching ratio of H ! b b are also reported (in fb). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-expected-and-observed-event-yields-for-all-lepton-amb6k662.png TABLE I. Expected and observed event yields for all lepton channels combined with total statistical and systematic uncertainties where indicated. The ZH yields are for MH ¼ 115 GeV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-observed-llr-as-a-function-of-mh-with-the-3gsoroza.png FIG. 2 (color online). Observed LLR as a function of MH with the expected LLRs for the B and Sþ B hypotheses and the one and 2 standard deviation (s.d.) bands of the B hypothesis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-data-and-background-rf-outputs-trained-8enygasc.png FIG. 1 (color online). Data and background RF outputs trained for MH ¼ 115 GeV with all lepton channels combined in (a) ST and (b) DT samples. The (c) background-subtracted ST and DT combination with the systematic uncertainty bands before and after the fit performed by the limit-setting program. https://scispace.com/papers/search-with-probabilistic-guarantees-in-unstructured-peer-to-wvqyy8bs62 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-algorithm-for-publishing-content-1hrvpet4.png Figure 1. Algorithm for publishing content. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-average-number-of-hops-in-the-gnutella-topology-39gt22eb.png Figure 6. Average number of hops in the Gnutella topology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-percentage-of-failures-of-a-query-as-a-function-of-33qupdms.png Figure 7. Percentage of failures of a query as a function of object popularity. TTL = γ√n, top γ= 1 and bottom γ= 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-percent-of-object-owners-installing-pointers-2xk4v5uh.png Figure 8. Percent of object owners installing pointers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-failure-probability-for-bounded-ttl-messages-for-35dljftg.png Figure 10. Failure probability for bounded TTL messages for the different search schemes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-average-number-of-hops-for-the-different-search-11zkx607.png Figure 9. Average number of hops for the different search schemes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-search-algorithm-3heoefp0.png Figure 4. Search algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-join-algorithm-wtqsx2mg.png Figure 3. Join algorithm. https://scispace.com/papers/searching-for-a-cell-based-therapeutic-tool-for-haemophilia-iqmf5b1ju3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-agmex-cultures-expand-cells-with-lsec-engraftment-2xa5l6x2.png Figure 3. AGMex cultures expand cells with LSEC engraftment potential. (A) Experimental design. The AGM region (circle) and the liver (arrow) from E11 SCL-PLAP transgenic embryos were dissected. Tissues were homogenized for direct transplantation or explanted separately onto filters supported by stainless steel mesh stands at the air–liquid interface. Tissues were cultured for 3 days, dissociated and cells transplanted into busulfan conditioned new-born recipients to determine hematopoietic and LSEC engraftment activity at 4 months post-transplantation. The frequency of hematopoietic and vascular chimerism is indicated: a)number of recipient mice showing donor cells in peripheral blood; b)total number of mice transplanted; c)number blood chimeras showing donor derived LSECs clusters in the liver; d)total number of animals analysed for vascular chimerism. The number of transplantation experiments performed for each cell type were as follows, AGM, n=5; AGMex, n=3; FL, n=4; FLex, n=3. (B) Analysis of AGMex cell hematopoietic engraftment in the peripheral blood. Representative flow cytometry analysis is shown comparing peripheral blood from representative WT, SCL-PLAP transgenic (TG) and AGMex chimera. Erythrocyte depleted peripheral blood cells were stained for the donor reporter marker PLAP and CD45. Mean ±SD values for peripheral blood hematopoietic engraftment are shown in Table 2. The SCL-PLAP reporter gene is expressed in a fraction of mature circulating cells (FACS-PLAP, 15±5%). Value of 5% FACS-PLAP in the chimera is equivalent to 10- https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-agm-explant-culture-expands-cells-with-lsecs-3i9wendp.png Table 2. AGM explant culture expands cells with LSECs engraftment activity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-f8-expression-during-embryo-development-a-2qgxylpw.png Figure 1. F8 expression during embryo development. (A) Quantitative PCR showing F8 relative expression in whole embryos at different stages. Histograms represent the mean±SD values from biological replicated, samples, n=3. (B) Quantitative PCR showing F8 RNA relative expression levels obtained at different developmental stages for the indicated embryonic/fetal tissues. For E12 foetal liver and AGM region mean ±SD values were obtained from 5 independent experiments. For the rest of the tissues n=3. (C) The relative levels of F8 expression in adult liver used as positive control are shown, n=6. GAPDH was used as normalization control. Statistical significance (P≤ 0.05 using a U-Mann-Whitney test) of the F8 levels from E12 tissues is indicated with asterisks. (D) (i) FVIII production by Western blot. 20 g of total protein https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primers-design-for-mouse-f8-and-gapdh-genes-analysis-2zhe84wr.png Table 1. Primers design for mouse F8 and GAPDH genes analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fviii-expression-in-e12-fl-cell-subsets-a-fl-cells-3sp7dq95.png Figure 2. FVIII expression in E12 FL cell subsets. (A) FL cells were stained for 7AAD, VE-cad-APC (V), CD45-PE (C) and Lyve1-FITC (L). 7AAD- viable cells were gated and non-endothelial non-hematopoietic (V-C-), hematopoietic (V+/-C+), hemato-vascular progenitor (V+C-L-) and endothelial cell (V+C-L+) fractions isolated for RNA extraction. (B) FL cells were stained for 7AAD, VE-cad-APC (V), CD45-PE and Ter119-PE (CT) and DLK1-FITC (D). Gated non-hematopoietic/erythroid cells (V-CT-) (dotted gate) were subdivided according to Dlk1 expression into a mesenchymal enriched fraction (V-CTD-) and hepatoblast (V-CT-D+) for RNA extraction. Percentage of cell population is indicated on each quadrant in the FACS dot plots. Percentage in the histogram plot is referred to the dotted line sorting gate. Representative values for one experiment are shown. n=3 sorting experiments using the V-C-L staining strategy and n=2 for the V-CT-D staining strategy. (C) qPCR showing FVIII relative expression from sorted FL populations. The mean±SD values are represented. Values were obtained from n=3 VC-L sorting experiments and n=2 V-C-T-D- sorting experiments, run simultaneously in triplicates for qPCR, Statistical significance using a U-Mann-Whitney test was indicated as p≤0.1 (*) and p≤0.01 (**). https://scispace.com/papers/searching-multi-rate-and-multi-modal-temporal-enhanced-cs9vmhsn87 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-impact-of-3d-cdc-for-rgb-depth-and-optical-flow-21do9sa2.png Fig. 4. Impact of 3D-CDC for RGB, depth and optical flow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-architecture-search-space-in-the-second-stage-multi-31df23sc.png Fig. 3. Architecture search space in the second stage. Multi-modal and multi-rate frames are adopted as inputs. Here we utilize 3 branches with different frame rates for two modalities (RGB and depth), respectively. In this search stage, all cells are initialized with the searched structures in the first stage and then fixed. The architecture of the low-, mid- and high-level lateral connections to be searched can be shared or unshared. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-features-visualization-from-c3d-assembled-with-varied-2x91de4i.png Fig. 9. Features visualization from C3D assembled with varied convolutions on the IsoGD dataset. With (a) RGB and (b) Depth modality inputs, the four rows represent the neural activation with 3D vanilla convolution, 3D-CDC-ST, 3D-CDC-T, and 3D-CDC-TR, respectively. Best view when zoom in. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-ablation-study-of-the-multi-rate-networks-8-16-32-2e49wadg.png Fig. 5. The ablation study of the multi-rate networks. ‘8 + 16 + 32 frames’ means that there are three branches with different frame rate (i.e., temporally downsampling to 8, 16 and 32 frames, respectively) as inputs. ‘CDC-T_0.6_RGB’ and ‘CDC-TR_0.3_Depth’ denotes using 3D-CDC-T with θ = 0.6 for RGB inputs and 3D-CDC-TR with θ = 0.3 for depth inputs, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-among-various-configurations-of-the-two-8xywpupm.png TABLE I COMPARISON AMONG VARIOUS CONFIGURATIONS OF THE TWO-STAGE NAS FOR VARIED MODALITIES. THE UPPER PART IS ABOUT THE FIRST STAGE NAS1 WHILE BOTTOM PART IS ABOUT THE SECOND STAGE NAS2. THE EVALUATION METRIC IS ACCURACY (%) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-searched-architecture-from-a-the-first-stage-nas-1ed7470a.png Fig. 8. The searched architecture from (a) the first stage NAS, and (b) the second stage NAS. The three rows in (a) represent the searched cell structure in the low, mid, and high frame branches, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-results-on-the-validation-set-of-isogd-2-3sxb36am.png TABLE II RESULTS ON THE VALIDATION SET OF ISOGD [2] https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-results-on-the-nvgesture-1-dataset-1kyhx62c.png TABLE III RESULTS ON THE NVGESTURE [1] DATASET https://scispace.com/papers/searching-multi-rate-and-multi-modal-temporal-enhanced-2xljqj7d5f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-impact-of-3d-cdc-for-rgb-depth-and-optical-flow-17b0vkqp.png Fig. 4. Impact of 3D-CDC for RGB, depth and optical flow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-architecture-search-space-in-the-second-stage-multi-14w3ku87.png Fig. 3. Architecture search space in the second stage. Multi-modal and multi-rate frames are adopted as inputs. Here we utilize 3 branches with different frame rates for two modalities (RGB and depth), respectively. In this search stage, all cells are initialized with the searched structures in the first stage and then fixed. The architecture of the low-, mid- and high-level lateral connections to be searched can be shared or unshared. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-computational-complexity-of-the-searched-1mfl8xz2.png TABLE VI COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY OF THE SEARCHED ARCHITECTURES ON A SINGLE GEFORCE RTX 2080 TI GPU. THE INPUT TENSOR SIZES FOR NAS1 AND NAS2 ARE 3× 32× 112× 112 AND 6× 32× 112× 112, RESPECTIVELY https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-features-visualization-from-c3d-assembled-with-varied-1wh1beb9.png Fig. 9. Features visualization from C3D assembled with varied convolutions on the IsoGD dataset. With (a) RGB and (b) Depth modality inputs, the four rows represent the neural activation with 3D vanilla convolution, 3D-CDC-ST, 3D-CDC-T, and 3D-CDC-TR, respectively. Best view when zoom in. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-ablation-study-of-the-multi-rate-networks-8-16-32-oymm9tlp.png Fig. 5. The ablation study of the multi-rate networks. ‘8 + 16 + 32 frames’ means that there are three branches with different frame rate (i.e., temporally downsampling to 8, 16 and 32 frames, respectively) as inputs. ‘CDC-T_0.6_RGB’ and ‘CDC-TR_0.3_Depth’ denotes using 3D-CDC-T with θ = 0.6 for RGB inputs and 3D-CDC-TR with θ = 0.3 for depth inputs, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-among-various-configurations-of-the-two-3dk1rzsw.png TABLE I COMPARISON AMONG VARIOUS CONFIGURATIONS OF THE TWO-STAGE NAS FOR VARIED MODALITIES. THE UPPER PART IS ABOUT THE FIRST STAGE NAS1 WHILE BOTTOM PART IS ABOUT THE SECOND STAGE NAS2. THE EVALUATION METRIC IS ACCURACY (%) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-searched-architecture-from-a-the-first-stage-nas-2lwrx61g.png Fig. 8. The searched architecture from (a) the first stage NAS, and (b) the second stage NAS. The three rows in (a) represent the searched cell structure in the low, mid, and high frame branches, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-results-on-the-validation-set-of-isogd-2-34g3hen1.png TABLE II RESULTS ON THE VALIDATION SET OF ISOGD [2] https://scispace.com/papers/searching-for-gravitational-waves-from-the-crab-pulsar-the-5jlwp9m5it 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-effect-of-timing-noise-as-seen-in-the-phase-3t085xuv.png Figure 1. The effect of timing noise as seen in the phase residual of the Crab pulsar obtained by removing a third order fit from the phase as calculated using the Jodrell Bank Crab pulsar ephemeris. https://scispace.com/papers/seasonal-and-inter-annual-variations-in-carbon-fluxes-in-a-3cn3j7cltk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-the-annual-fluxes-and-specific-yield-3s927yb9.png Table 5 Comparison of the annual fluxes and specific yield at Garissa (GSA), Tana River Primate Reserve (TRPR) and Garsen (GSN) between the estimates by Tamooh et  al. (2014) with only monthly measurements over the period 2009–2011 and the results based on all available measurements over the same period and over a longer term (1942–2014) without applying a bootstrap method https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-retention-positive-or-mobilization-negative-based-on-1pwgs1rx.png Fig. 7 Retention (positive) or mobilization (negative) based on the difference in fluxes (GSA-GSN) in absolute (left graphs) and relative (right graphs) values of a, b TSM, c, d POC, e, f DOC and g, h DIC between Garissa (GSA) and Garsen (GSN) as a function of the annual discharge at Garissa. The trendline is a LOWESS smoothing with the default parameter values in the stats package in R https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-non-linear-regression-coefficients-for-the-equation-n9s66xaf.png Table 1 Non-linear regression coefficients for the equation TSM = a × Qb at the three sites under non-flooded and flooded conditions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-non-linear-least-square-regression-curves-of-the-tsm-14uahk4s.png Fig. 3 Non-linear least square regression curves of the TSM as a function of discharge for a Garissa, b TRPR and c Garsen differentiated according to the hydrological condition (flooded vs. nonflooded). The grey background colours indicate the range of the regression curves from the 200 bootstrap simulations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-ratio-between-the-annual-flux-of-a-river-with-two-3ihycj4i.png Fig. 11 Ratio between the annual flux of a river with two discharge regimes and a river with one discharge regime over a varying length of flooded season and for a different concentrations during the single discharge regime or b different discharges during the flooded conditions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-effect-of-the-sampling-frequency-and-the-1rowa3bl.png Fig. 10 Effect of the sampling frequency and the identification of different hydrological conditions on the sediment flux calculations in Garsen in 2012 (non-flooded) and 2013 (flooded). Different regression equations for flooded and non-flooded conditions were applied in the ‘Double curve’ fluxes. The range per sampling interval was obtained by choosing up to four different starting dates for the time series. For each sampling interval, the estimated fluxes were slightly shifted along the x axis to improve visibility https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-observations-1-depending-on-the-starting-2a9qfb22.png Table 3 Number of observations (± 1, depending on the starting date) that were used in the construction of the rating curves for different sampling frequencies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-regression-curves-for-a-poc-b-doc-and-c-dic-whereby-a-akj0172c.png Fig. 4 Regression curves for a POC, b DOC and c DIC, whereby a distinction is made for non-flooded and flooded conditions for POC and DOC. The grey background colours indicate the range of the regression curves from the 200 bootstrap simulations https://scispace.com/papers/seasonal-and-spatial-dynamics-of-allelochemicals-in-the-4sitxq91zj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-differences-in-concentrations-of-total-phenolic-3cx2em5w.png Table 2. Differences in concentrations of total phenolic compounds (TPC), tellimagrandin II and C/N atomic ratio between ponds and within one pond. Multiple sampling within one pond was performed at pond 132 and 224. Data for ponds 132 and 224 are means ± 1 S.D. of three different samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-differences-in-concentrations-of-total-phenolic-3n6fcpre.png Table 1. Differences in concentrations of total phenolic compounds (TPC) and tellimagrandin II between apical meristem and lower stem parts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-seasonal-patterns-for-total-phenolic-compounds-1st-row-97tnbj76.png Fig. 1. Seasonal patterns for total phenolic compounds (1st row), tellimagrandin II (2nd row) and C/N molar ratio (3rd row) in Myriophyllum spicatum shoots from four ponds (no. 131, 132, 224, 240, vertical columns) at the Cornell Experimental Pond Facilities. Data are presented as means ± 1 S.D. (n = 2) for TPC and tellimagrandin II. https://scispace.com/papers/seasonal-body-mass-changes-in-eurasian-golden-plovers-98sietnwc4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-analysis-of-variance-of-body-mass-of-18-120-3fscx0g9.png Table 1. Analysis of variance of body mass of 18 120 nonbreeding Eurasian Golden Plovers captured in August–May in the northern Netherlands in 1989–2000 (see Fig. 1). In this model, which explained 40% of the variance in the dependent variable (body mass), Month, Year and Age are category variables. The two- and three-way interactions were not significant and were excluded from the model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-b-changes-between-the-periods-1977-85-and-1989-99-dqet6ajl.png Figure 2. (A,B) Changes between the periods 1977–85 and 1989–99 in two environmental parameters [(A) rainfall and (B) air temperature] and (C) the incidence of observations of Peregrine Falcons from a point-counting scheme in the northern Netherlands (left column) and high-tide roost counts in Friesland (right column). In all three graphs, the vertical lines above the bars indicate sd calculated on the basis of among-year variation. Using t-tests, the differences in Peregrine numbers for both data sets are significantly different between the two periods (for the left column, a separate variance t-test indicates t15 = 2.74, P = 0.015; for the right column, a one-sample t-test against a value of 0 indicates t = 5.93, P = 0.001). https://scispace.com/papers/seasonal-and-vertical-variations-in-soil-co-2-production-in-2uwlvkje01 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-frequency-distribution-of-the-isotopic-signature-a-ynzs4i63.png Figure 5: Frequency distribution of the isotopic signature (a) of soil CO2 efflux (δ 13 FS, grey) and trunk CO2 efflux (δ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-vertical-distribution-of-average-total-porosity-m3-1heevsfu.png Figure 1: Vertical distribution of average total porosity (m3 m-3, the error bars correspond to the standard deviation between samples), fine root proportion (% of total root content over the profile), soil water content at wilting point (SWCwp, m 3 m-3), soil water content at field capacity (SWCfc, m https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-co2-production-p-co2-left-and-its-isotopic-2d5mapqi.png Figure 2: CO2 production (P_CO2, left) and its isotopic signature (δ 13P_CO2, right) in each layer over different time periods: (a) 21 575 to 27 April, (b) 03 to 10 June, (c) 22 to 29 July and (d) 03 to 21 August. The central line is the median, the central dot is the average value, the edges of the box are the 25th and 75th percentiles, and the whiskers extend to the most extreme data points. P_CO2 and δ13P_CO2 were calculated based on measurements taken every 30 minutes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-contribution-of-each-layer-to-total-soil-28jb9ffy.png Figure 3: Average contribution of each layer to total soil CO2 production for the four different time periods (a) 21 to 27 April, (b) 580 03 to 10 June, (c) 22 to 29 July and (d) 03 to 21 August. Light grey = layer 1 (0 cm to -10 cm), grey = layer 2 (-10 cm to -20 cm) and black = layer 3 (-20 cm to -40 cm) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-minimum-maximum-and-average-soil-temperature-t-and-2uuqyly8.png Table 1: Minimum, maximum and average soil temperature (T) and soil water content (SWC) measured at 5 cm depth, average gross primary production (GPP) and evapotranspiration (GPP) and cumulated rain over of the four selected time periods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-upper-panels-correlation-coefficients-between-daily-2fsh6tde.png Figure 7: Upper panels: Correlation coefficients between daily means of δ13P_CO2,2 and gross primary production (GPP, left), evapotranspiration (ET, middle) and inherent canopy water use efficiency (IWUE, right) with a lag ranging from 0 to 4 days. Maximum correlations are identified by black diamonds and the corresponding linear regression is plotted below. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-values-over-time-for-soil-water-content-swc-rain-1y1sosaq.png Figure 4: Values over time for soil water content (SWC), rain, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), temperature (T), 585 production (P_CO2) and its isotopic composition (δ 13P_CO2) in each soil layer every 30 min in April (21/04 to 27/04, a to f) and in August (03/08 to 21/08, g to l). Dashed line corresponds to layer 1; full line to layer 2 and dotted line to layer 3. T and SCW are measured in the middle of each layer. Longer crosslines on x axes indicate noon for each day. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-parameters-with-their-standard-errors-for-12h5mhxh.png Table 2: Estimated parameters with their standard errors for empirical models (Eqn. 11) relating soil CO2 efflux (FS), CO2 560 production between 0 and -10 cm depth (P_CO2,1) or CO2 production between -10 and -20 cm depth (P_CO2,P2) and soil temperature and water content at either 5 cm depth (P_CO2,1) or at 15 cm depth (P_CO2,2 and FS). The retained depths for soil temperature and water content were those giving the highest coefficients of determination (R2). Parameter ‘a’ is FS or P_CO2 standardized at 0°C when soil water content is at field capacity. Q10 is the temperature sensitivity. https://scispace.com/papers/seasonal-climate-transitions-in-new-england-1zuh6949da 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ten-year-mean-annual-cycle-of-the-diurnal-5gj40vcj.png Figure 4. Ten-year mean annual cycle of the diurnal temperature range for Rutland, Vermont. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-vermont-maple-tree-after-an-autumn-frost-12-october-3obp1g63.png Figure 5. Vermont maple tree after an autumn frost (12 October 2008). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-vermont-forest-in-spring-15-may-2010-lh3vge2r.png Figure 3. Vermont forest in spring (15 May 2010). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-winter-snow-in-pittsford-vermont-43deg42-5n-73deg2-3k5wvjmc.png Figure 1. Winter snow in Pittsford, Vermont (43°42.5’N, 73°2.5’W). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-daffodils-in-early-spring-on-a-warm-dry-sunny-day-27ehs6qa.png Figure 2. Daffodils in early spring on a warm dry sunny day before tree leafing in Pittsford, Vermont (15 April 2008). https://scispace.com/papers/seasonal-contrasts-in-carbon-resources-and-ecological-2eyscaqyot 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-wet-and-dry-season-contrasts-of-water-bird-densities-2yu2u15e.png Table 3: Wet and dry season contrasts of water bird densities (based on aerial surveys) and biomass (based on average bird weights) on Magela Creek floodplain in 1990 and 1980. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimates-of-the-contribution-of-major-plant-and-2g0itu1a.png Table 1: Estimates of the contribution of major plant and animal functional groups to carbon resources on the Magela Creek floodplain, based on biomass data synthesized in this article. Estimates are for annual biomass, unless otherwise specified. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-water-quality-for-flood-event-first-flow-and-main-1jruftzj.png Table 2: Water quality for flood event, first flow and main wet season on Magela Creek 1982-3 wet season (from Hart et al., 1987a). https://scispace.com/papers/seasonal-changes-in-metabolic-and-temperature-responses-to-f85l3uyjeq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-subject-characteristics-mxctscgh.png Table 1 Subject characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cold-induced-thermogenesis-change-in-mr-during-cold-2zgmm476.png Fig. 4. Cold-induced thermogenesis (change in MR during cold exposure in kJ/min; y = 0.66x+ 0.33, r2=.61, P < .001). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-mean-skin-temperature-jc-f-s-e-m-during-neutral-1g93xl0n.png Fig. 3. (A) Mean skin temperature (jC)F S.E.M. during neutral (closed symbols 22 jC) and mild cold (open symbols 15 jC) condition, in summer and winter. (B) MRF S.E.M. during neutral (closed symbols 22 jC) and mild-cold (open symbols 15 jC) condition, in summer and winter. *P < .05 summer versus winter. zP < .05 versus 22 jC in both summer and winter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-body-temperatures-and-temperature-gradients-jc-3don59lr.png Table 2 Body temperatures and temperature gradients (jC) during neutral (22 jC) and mild-cold (15 jC) environmental conditions in summer and in winter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-mr-during-cold-exposure-kj-min-versus-change-1p36hvvi.png Fig. 5. Average MR during cold exposure (kJ/min) versus change in intestinal –distal temperature gradient (jC) in summer and winter. Winter: y= 0.27x + 7.32, r2=.31, P < .05. Summer: y= 0.34x+ 7.56, r2=.38, P < .01. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-monthly-mean-of-daily-average-temperatures-from-march-1e701f1k.png Fig. 1. Monthly mean of daily average temperatures from March 2000 until April 2001 with monthly mean values of daily maximum and minimum temperatures (jC) at station Maastricht, The Netherlands. Measured by the Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute. —, Monthly mean of daily average temperatures. – – , Monthly mean of daily maximum temperatures. , Monthly mean of daily minimum temperatures. , Test period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-emg-measurement-a-an-emg-measurement-of-a-ciiw54s1.png Fig. 2. Example of EMG measurement. (A) An EMG measurement of a test where shivering was induced. (B) A typical example of an EMG measurement of the present study. 1 = Start of cooling, 2 = start shivering. https://scispace.com/papers/seasonal-cycles-business-cycles-and-monetary-policy-2n5qcl67dm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-seasonal-patterns-model-versus-data-v8woc117.png Figure 5: Seasonal Patterns: Model Versus Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-choice-21t8xea3.png Table 1: Parameter Choice https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-seasonal-growth-rates-data-versus-model-7x36runh.png Table 2: Seasonal Growth Rates, Data versus Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-presents-the-seasonal-patterns-of-some-key-variables-35xo2bu6.png Table 2: Seasonal Growth Rates, Data versus Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-determination-of-cash-goods-versus-credit-goods-3ergfnrn.png Figure 1: The Determination of Cash Goods versus Credit Goods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-real-gnp-in-1967-dollars-before-and-after-seasonal-2bp14vk4.png Figure 2: Real GNP(in 1967 dollars): Before and After Seasonal Adjustment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-commercial-paper-rate-1857-01-1987-04-nsa-1se4yql8.png Figure 4: Commercial Paper Rate: 1857:01-1987:04, nsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nominal-interest-rate-commercial-paper-rate-1d6yvudl.png Figure 3 : Nominal Interest Rate( commercial paper rate) Seasonals https://scispace.com/papers/seasonal-drainage-of-supraglacial-lakes-on-debris-covered-eogls187ze 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-changes-to-three-lakes-left-column-a-is-kashkasuu-26-mi1zly1z.png Fig. 3. Changes to three lakes. Left column (A) is Kashkasuu (26 Jul–11 Aug 2006), 606 middle (B) is Jeruy (15 Aug 2013), and right (C) is Karateke (19 Jul 2014). Images are 607 from Landsat7 ETM+ and ALOS AVNIR-2 and PRISM data. The locations are in Fig. 608 1. 609 https://scispace.com/papers/seasonal-estimates-of-actual-evapo-transpiration-from-5glfuwjhud 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-published-data-sources-measurement-method-spatial-2iyi58nq.png Table 1. Published data sources, measurement method, spatial scale, and ET measure for Tamarix ramosissima. Leaf-level data were collected using a leaf chamber on intact plants in the field (in situ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measurement-periods-of-et-estimates-for-t-2pb5fp9k.png Table 2. Measurement periods of ET estimates for T. ramosissima in Table 1. The original units are also shown illustrating where the measurement period affected scaling ET to mm day-1. https://scispace.com/papers/seasonal-leaf-dynamics-across-a-tree-density-gradient-in-a-3u12sa0ew7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-relationship-between-wet-season-woody-plant-lai-and-1sehdbpl.png Fig. 5 a Relationship between wet-season woody plant LAI and green groundlayer LAI across the five study sites. The regression equations are ytotal=1.79 0.49x, ygrass=1.30 0.39x and ydicot=0.49 0.11x. b Relationship between wet-season woody plant LAI and total groundlayer LAI and stem area index (SAI). These values include all living and dead components of the groundlayer vegetation, including dicots and graminoids. The regression equation is y=2.47 0.95x. All values are averages from February and April 2003, the months with peak LAI https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mean-se-lai-of-congeneric-savanna-and-forest-species-mf6mv1te.png Fig. 6 Mean (+SE) LAI of congeneric savanna and forest species growing in open savanna environments. *P<0.05, **0.01<P<0.05, ***0.005<P<0.01 for comparisons between savanna and forest species within a genus. Overall forest species had 46% greater LAI than savanna species (P=0.006) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-relationship-between-lai-and-modis-vegetation-index-1s4dfewi.png Fig. 7 Relationship between LAI and MODIS vegetation index products. Each point represents one site at one measurement date. a Enhanced vegetation index (EVI). LAI= 15.08EVI2 + 16.33EVI 1.98, r2=0.71. b Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) LAI=3.62NDVI 0.73, r2=0.49 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-congeneric-species-pairs-studied-savanna-species-3sf2hy71.png Table 1 Congeneric species pairs studied Savanna species Forest species Family https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-components-of-the-among-site-variation-in-wet-season-1v54vkk7.png Fig. 4 Components of the among-site variation in wet season tree and shrub LAI. a Percentage of ground area covered with tree or shrub crowns, b mean LAI of the crowns of individuals and clumps of individuals, c overall LAI as obtained by multiplying fractional canopy cover and crown LAI to obtain total tree and shrub LAI https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relationship-between-soil-water-potential-and-lai-1gt04s04.png Fig. 3 Relationship between soil water potential and LAI. During the dry season, there was a significant relationship between soil water potential and LAI of graminoids (top, r2=0.59, P=0.002) and woody plants (bottom, r2=0.30, P=0.05) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relationship-between-lai-measurements-made-with-the-8umxp664.png Fig. 1 Relationship between LAI measurements made with the LAI-2000 and those determined by destructive harvests. a Groundlayer LAI. Circles represent graminoids and squares represent dicots. The relationship did not deviate significantly from a 1:1 line. b LAI of woody plants over 1-m tall. Measurements with the LAI-2000 significantly underestimated woody plant LAI (P=0.02) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-seasonality-of-lai-and-precipitation-at-the-study-site-12du59eu.png Fig. 2 Seasonality of LAI and precipitation at the study site. a Green LAI of woody plants taller than 1 m. b Green LAI of graminoids. c Green LAI of groundlayer dicots. d Monthly precipitation https://scispace.com/papers/seasonal-dynamics-of-the-biogenic-silica-cycle-in-surface-1zkxtaqs5p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pore-water-profiles-sampled-in-the-southern-german-fn3g0jps.png Fig. 4. Pore water profiles sampled in the southern German Bight. (A) Measurements at time series sites and/or lander stations m, TS2, TS3, CS (Fig. 1). (B) Pore water profiles measured at non-time series sites. For comparison of stations see Table 1. On station He395-38/TS2, He412-27/TS2 and He417-38/TS2 (green box) depth profiles of benthic macrofauna were sampled. According to the grain size distribution of the sediment the hydraulic permeability was calculated and categorized: imperm¼ impermeable sediments, semi-perm¼semipereable, perm¼permeable. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-location-of-sampling-sites-month-year-of-sampling-as-1ixiu29x.png Table 1 Location of sampling sites, month/year of sampling, as well as benthic fluxes and sedim https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-about-the-recycling-efficiency-of-silicic-2imw5vqa.png Table 2 Estimates about the recycling efficiency of silicic acid and the total rain rate of biogenic silica reaching the sediment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-study-sites-in-the-helgoland-mud-area-500-km2-da6of151.png Fig. 1. (A) Study sites in the Helgoland Mud Area (500 km2) located in the southern North Sea (B). The average water depth is 20 m. At sites m, TS2, and TS3, as well as on station CS (stars) we deployed the benthic lander NuSObs for in situ incubations. Sites were sediments were sampled by MultiCorer for pore water or sediment analysis are indicated by black dots. The sediment classification is according to Figge (1981): m¼mud, fshigh¼ fine sand with high content (450%) of fine grained fractions (do63 mm), fslow¼fine sand with low content (o50%) of fine grained fraction (do63 mm), cs¼coarse grained sediment, brk¼bed rock. (B) Sites (circles with crosses) where the benthic silica cycle was investigated by ex situ analysis by Gehlen et al. (1995). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-vertical-distribution-of-dominant-macrofauna-species-3mfsk6ph.png Fig. 5. Vertical distribution of dominant macrofauna species (Ind./m2) within the sediment at stations TS2 (HE395-38/TS2 (a), HE412-27/TS2 (b) and HE417-38/TS2 (c)) sampled in 2013 and 2014. Abbreviations: S¼surficial modifier, B¼biodiffuser, UC¼upward conveyor, and UC/DC¼upward–downward conveyor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-photographs-of-different-sediment-types-which-were-150x6iow.png Fig. 2. Photographs of different sediment types which were incubated and recovered by the chambers of the benthic lander NuSObs. All photographs were taken after NuSObs was recovered and the bottom water was released from the benthic chambers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-temporal-variations-of-benthic-si-oh-4-fluxes-derived-2kngkufv.png Fig. 6. Temporal variations of benthic Si(OH)4 fluxes derived by in situ and ex situ flux m stations are shown. In situ flux measurements are shown in red (chamber 1) and green (c stars (n). The sediment type (m, fshigh, fslow, cs) is shown on each station. (For interpretat version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-increase-of-the-si-oh-4-concentration-versus-time-b04zg0sm.png Fig. 3. Increase of the Si(OH)4 concentration versus time derived by in situ (A–D) and ex si with time was observed, which allows to calculate benthic fluxes of Si(OH)4. Highest flu were derived during winter. In diagram E the blue dots show measurements carried out (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred https://scispace.com/papers/seasonal-sea-surface-carbon-dioxide-in-the-azores-area-2550bd6x9n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-rios-et-al-seasonal-sea-surface-co2-1ah4239h.png Fig. 8.- Ríos et al . “Seasonal Sea-Surface CO2 ” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rios-et-al-seasonal-sea-surface-co2-hnzskh3q.png Fig. 3.- Ríos et al. “Seasonal Sea-Surface CO2 ” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rios-et-al-seasonal-sea-surface-co2-1xlbmso2.png Fig. 4.- Ríos et al. “Seasonal Sea-Surface CO2 “ https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-10-cruises-carried-out-in-the-1z439o9g.png Table 1 Characteristics of the 10 cruises carried out in the Azores area sorted by time (year and month). The tracks and stations sampled in each cruise are represented in Figure 1. Correct. fCO2 is the correction made at the fCO2 (atm) of every cruise to refer to 1998. r 2 is the determination coefficient of the linear regression between fCO2(25) and SST for each cruise. N is the number of data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-rios-et-al-seasonal-sea-surface-co2-3h547qsn.png Fig. 7.- Ríos et al. “Seasonal Sea-surface CO2 ” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-rios-et-al-seasonal-sea-surface-co2-7h0ngmtd.png Fig. 5.- Ríos et al. “Seasonal Sea-Surface CO2 ” https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-monthly-and-mean-annual-net-co2-flux-over-the-azores-1gpmluav.png Table 2 Monthly and mean annual net CO2 flux over the Azores area (in 10 12 g C·yr -1 across each 2º x 5º pixel area) computed for 1998 using the gas transfer coefficient (eq. 2) of Wanninkof (1992). Positive values air-sea flux, negative values sea-air flux. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rios-et-al-seasonal-sea-surface-co2-1yfkzfnu.png Fig. 1.- Ríos et al. “Seasonal Sea-Surface CO2 ” https://scispace.com/papers/seasonal-variation-in-body-weight-an-experimental-case-study-jyr2tvgd3w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-monthly-values-of-body-weight-closed-dots-and-ambient-3bef83a1.png Fig. 2. Monthly values of body weight (closed dots) and ambient temperature (open dots). Upper graph: 1998; lower graph: 1999, with a two-week shift to an ambient temperature of 271C (arrow). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-daily-values-of-body-weight-plotted-against-the-24-h-3oh8zj9e.png Fig. 1. Daily values of body weight plotted against the 24 h mean value of ambient temperature with the linear regression line; closed dots, 1997; open dots, 1998; open squares, 1999. https://scispace.com/papers/seasonal-selection-of-key-resources-by-cattle-in-a-mixed-5f2xthfdwp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-lion-habitat-preferences-jacobs-index-for-cattle-22z71qvs.png Fig. 7. Lion habitat preferences (Jacobs' index) for cattle predation during the wet, early dry and late dry season in 2017. Values indicate the number of records in each habitat type. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-seasonal-differences-in-jacobs-selection-index-for-4xcufj3h.png Table 2 Seasonal differences in Jacobs' selection index for each habitat type. Dark grey and light grey cells indicate significantly positive and negative differences respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-effect-of-distance-to-nearest-human-settlement-on-the-1qi6fp1q.png Fig. 8. Effect of distance to nearest human settlement on the probability of lion killing cattle during the wet (dotted line), early dry (dashed line) and late dry (solid line) season in 2017. Grey ribbons represent 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-seasonal-distance-of-cattle-gps-locations-to-317g4s67.png Table 3 Average seasonal distance of cattle GPS locations to the nearest human settlement and surface water in 2017. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cattle-habitat-use-a-and-jacobs-selection-index-b-2o0ufje1.png Fig. 2. Cattle habitat use (a) and Jacobs' selection index (b) during the three seasons compared to their availability (derived from random locations) across the study area. Jacobs' index was computed as the average across all herds and error bars show 95% CIs. Letters indicate significant differences. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-interactions-between-night-brightness-i-e-92ihpps9.png Fig. 6. Effect of interactions between night brightness (i.e. moon illumination index) and intensity of lion use on cattle habitat selection strength at night during the wet season. Grey ribbons represent 95% CIs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-study-area-in-the-kavango-zambezi-2p0174t0.png Fig. 1. Map of the study area in the Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area, showing the location of cattle home ranges in 2017, the extent of the vegetation map used and the location of cattle killed by lions between June 2016 and April 2018. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-distance-to-water-on-cattle-habitat-1r0hhgmq.png Fig. 4. Effect of distance to water on cattle habitat selection strength during day and night across the three seasons. Grey ribbons represent 95% CIs. https://scispace.com/papers/seat-discomfort-of-dutch-truck-driver-seat-a-survey-study-5c1o5wchm2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-body-back-map-and-scales-for-body-discomfort-2qxjre23.png Figure 1: Body back map and scales for body discomfort evaluation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-ranks-for-body-discomfort-1zi8qux9.png Figure 3: Average ranks for body discomfort https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-body-back-discomfort-of-truck-driver-over-one-hour-1znby66e.png Figure 2: Body back discomfort of truck driver over one hour and five hours travel https://scispace.com/papers/seasonal-variations-in-soil-fungal-communities-and-co-2ydcgjmgyy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relative-abundances-of-main-soil-fungal-phyla-a-and-38y6rhai.png Figure 1 Relative abundances of main soil fungal phyla (A) and classes (B) in different altitudes and seasons https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationships-between-soil-fungal-sobs-faiths-pd-1b75a08t.png Figure 3 Relationships between soil fungal Sobs, Faith’s PD and altitudes. Diversity indices were calculated https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-alpha-diversity-indices-of-soil-fungal-communities-2zchgz92.png Figure 2 Alpha diversity indices of soil fungal communities in different altitudes soils. OTUs were delineated https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mantel-test-results-for-the-correlation-between-15de1zei.png Table 2 Mantel test results for the correlation between relative abundance of fungal genera and soil https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-topological-properties-for-soil-fungal-co-1sl14d7d.png Table 3 The topological properties for soil fungal co-occurrence networks in different seasons https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-principal-coordinate-analysis-of-soil-fungal-1crcq36q.png Figure 4 Principal coordinate analysis of soil fungal communities based on Bray-Curtis distances in May (A), https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-redundancy-analysis-based-on-soil-fungal-community-34fgqa3y.png Figure 5 Redundancy analysis based on soil fungal community at genus level (black arrows) and soil factors https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-seasonal-dynamics-of-soil-physicochemical-property-1c7x08lq.png Table 1 Seasonal dynamics of soil physicochemical property in different altitudes https://scispace.com/papers/seasonality-of-the-particle-number-concentration-and-size-186vdnbwxh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-connection-between-n100-the-particle-number-7kmdrvwf.png Table 2 Connection between N100, the particle number concentration in the range 100-500 nm, used as a proxy for the CCN population, and Ntot. For each station type and season, the equation of the linear fit performed on the logarithm of the data is reported in the second column, and the corresponding coefficient of determination in the third column. Note that based on corresponding p-values, all correlations were found significant at 95% confidence level (p < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-ranking-of-the-stations-based-on-regularity-of-the-1ikpbmzi.png Fig. 11 a. Ranking of the stations based on regularity of the diel cycle (Dcy) of Ntot. b. presents the seasonal Dcy calculated for the 11 sites with the highest coverage (>95%). Polar and mountain sites are shown in the upper panel, and other lowland 25 stations are shown in the lower panel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-variability-of-ntot-annual-statistics-in-reduced-16wiwnxn.png Fig. 3 Variability of Ntot annual statistics in reduced datasets. For each investigated gap length (between 1 and 24 consecutive weeks), all possible combinations were tested, and in each case the ratio between the newly derived median of Ntot and that 20 derived from the original dataset was calculated (circles). The upward and downward triangles provide insight into the range of variability. The upfacing triangles represent the ratio between the maximum value of the 75th percentile of Ntot obtained from the reduced datasets and the 75th percentile calculated from the original time series. The downfacing triangles represent the 25th percentile from the original dataset divided by the minimum of the 25th percentile. 25 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-variability-of-the-diel-cycle-dcy-of-ntot-in-datasets-3r7lg48r.png Fig. 4 Variability of the diel cycle (Dcy) of Ntot in datasets with data availabilities degraded to ~ 60% and ~ 75% as a result of 10 the exclusion of 12 and 19 consecutive weeks (all possible combinations tested) (two top panes) and individual hourly averages (test repeated 25 times) (bottom two panes). In a. and c., the ratio between the newly derived Dcy and that calculated from the original dataset was calculated for each reduced dataset. Black squares indicate the occurrence of negative Dcy (not considered in the calculation of the ratios) at the corresponding sites. Panels b. and d. show the variability of the Dcy, calculated for each site and each target data availability as the difference between the maximum and the minimum of the Dcy derived from the 15 reduced datasets normalized by the Dcy calculated from the complete time series, as a function of the original Dcy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-modal-concentrations-for-each-site-and-season-the-1w0kmntl.png Fig. 8 Modal concentrations. For each site and season, the thicker bar represents the modal concentration of the Aitken mode (𝑁𝑚,1) and the thinner one that of the accumulation mode (𝑁𝑚,2). The values at the top of each panel indicate the site-specific 20 variability of the modal concentrations, with the italicized text corresponding to 𝑁𝑚,2. The meaning of the abbreviations used for the footprint is the following: RB for rural background and U for urban. Details regarding the calculation of the site-specific variability of the modes characteristics are available in Sect. 5.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-scatter-plots-of-n100-as-a-function-of-ntot-hourly-37etreen.png Fig. 13 Scatter plots of N100 as a function of Ntot (hourly averages) for the different station types: a. polar sites, b. urban sites, c. other lowland sites and d. mountain sites. The color of each pixel indicates the number of data points (hourly averages) falling into its area (all pixels have equal area on a log-log scale). The linear fit performed on the logarithm of the data, 20 separately for each period (year and seasons), is also presented. The statistics of the ratio between N100 and Ntot calculated for each or these periods are in addition shown for each station type in the insert of the corresponding panel; the markers represent the median of the ratios, and the lower and upper limits of the error bars indicate the 1st and 3rd quartile, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-intra-seasonal-variability-of-ntot-stations-are-sorted-6cq9ebpx.png Fig. 7 Intra seasonal variability of Ntot. Stations are sorted based on the classification reported in Table 1. The meaning of the abbreviations used for the footprint is the following: P for pristine, F for forest, RB for rural background, U for urban and Mix 20 for mixed. Explanations regarding the calculation and interpretation of the NIQR are available in Sect. 5.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-modes-peak-location-for-each-site-and-season-the-21nvwyu1.png Fig. 9 Modes peak location. For each site and season, the thicker bar represents the mean diameter of the Aitken mode (𝐷𝑚,1) and the thinner one that of the accumulation mode (𝐷𝑚,2). The values at the top of each panel indicate the site-specific variability of the position of the modes, with the italicized text corresponding to 𝐷𝑚,2. The meaning of the abbreviations used for the footprint is the following: RB for rural background and U for urban. Details regarding the calculation of the site-specific 5 variability of the modes characteristics are available in Sect. 5.1. https://scispace.com/papers/secc-a-novel-search-engine-interface-with-live-chat-channel-4c2ciy1k89 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-multi-center-interaction-topology-2pabhm5z.png Figure 3: Multi-center interaction topology https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparation-between-secc-and-tse-in-terms-of-j7y7ja3e.png Table 1: Comparation between SECC and TSE in terms of topology and the usage of collective intelligence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-single-center-interaction-topology-3p0h3uri.png Figure 2: Single-Center interaction topology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-modules-and-related-technical-dependencies-uud9oiqn.png Figure 5: Modules and related technical dependencies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-demonstration-of-secc-1wd8tovz.png Figure 6: Demonstration of SECC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-common-functionalities-of-popular-search-engines-308czv0n.png Figure 1: Common functionalities of popular search engines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-framework-qau7r7ui.png Figure 4: Framework https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-mathematical-problem-2ulo8eh3.png Table 2: A mathematical problem https://scispace.com/papers/seawater-desalination-for-agriculture-by-integrated-forward-4rvcnzkvk4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-modeling-results-for-specific-energy-consumption-sec-gqcu3wov.png Table 3 Modeling results for specific energy consumption (SEC) and total membrane area of an integrated forward and reverse osmosis seawater desalination process compared to a two-pass reverse osmosis process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-integrated-forward-and-reverse-osmosis-seawater-14j8wgsw.png Table 2 Integrated forward and reverse osmosis seawater desalination process modeling results at 25% overall system recovery. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-specific-energy-consumption-kwh-m3-produced-water-for-2ihetssc.png Fig. 1. Specific energy consumption (kWh/m3 produced water) for a two-pass SWRO specific energy consumption values depend on the feed water quality, extent of the SW https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-integrated-forward-and-reverse-osmosis-seawater-316n6swl.png Table 1 Integrated forward and reverse osmosis seawater desalination process modeling conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-integrated-forward-osmosis-and-reverse-osmosis-2ro0rwqp.png Fig. 2. An integrated forward osmosis and reverse osmosis desalination process. https://scispace.com/papers/second-harmonic-generation-from-phase-engineered-233vobo884 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-plots-showing-experimentally-measured-shg-jb4vyuxq.png Figure 4. Plots showing experimentally measured SHG excitation spectra from metasurfaces (cyan dots, left-axis) of Au triangular nanoparticles on a SiO2/Si substrate with triangle side-lengths, L = 120 nm to 220 nm. Reflectivity spectra R(λ) (right-axis) are shown for bare Si (red), Si with SiO2 (dark blue), and the metasurface for different size L nano-prisms (color coded). The SiO2 spacer width was the same w = 300 nm (see Figure A1 for w = 200 nm). Polarisation of the incident field was horizontal Ex. The insets show lg(E) maps of the calculation cell at the wavelength of maximum enhancement, which was at 824 nm for L = 160, 180 nm and at 871 nm for L = 200 nm (see text for details). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-top-view-fdtd-calculations-at-the-maximum-e-field-2ygli07d.png Figure 5. (a) Top view FDTD calculations at the maximum E-field enhancement for L = 180 nm and w = 300 nm (see Figure 4) for both Ey and Ex polarisations. The top-view monitor is at the air-SiO2 interface and the side-view monitor crosses the side of triangle and vertexes with the highest field enhancement. The E-field scale bars are linear; polarisation of incident field was horizontal Ex. Larger enhancement for Ey orientation as compared with Ex is manifested in corresponding scaling of SHG (See Figure 3). Calculations for the two Ex,y(ω) fields were carried out for the same unit cell. (b) Side view cross section for the Ex excitation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-of-the-sample-top-and-an-sem-image-of-2z78y86y.png Figure 1. (a) Schematic of the sample (top) and an SEM image of the triangular Au nanoparticles (bottom). The spacer of SiO2 with width w = 200, 300 nm was deposited on the Si substrate to control the E-field enhancement at the plasmonic Au triangular nanoparticles. The pattern was triangular with period Λ = L + s where separation between nanoparticles was s = 300 nm and the side-length of the triangle was L = (120− 220) nm changed in steps of 20 nm. Thickness of Au nanoparticles made by electron beam lithography (EBL) and lift-off was d = 30 nm. (b) Setup to detect second harmonic generation (SHG) from the metasurfaces under the linearly and circularly polarised excitation. The second harmonic light was analysed at ≈ 1◦ reflection to the normal. This setup was used to maximise collection of the second harmonic. The excitation light source was Ti:sapphire fs-laser with the wavelength tunable from 730 to 920 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-experimental-exp-red-and-calculated-fdtd-dashed-2w0jluar.png Figure 6. Experimental (Exp; red) and calculated (FDTD; dashed) reflectivity spectra of Au nanoprisms with L = 180 nm side length. The thicknesses of the SiO2 spacer were (a) w = 200 nm and (b) 300 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-3d-finite-difference-time-domain-fdtd-setting-for-36m1m7z2.png Figure 2. (a) 3D finite difference time domain (FDTD) setting for calculations under linearly polarised (along x-axis) E-field; plane wave illumination. Refractive index cross section (A-A’). (b) E-field E/E0 cross section at the middle-plane of 30-nm-thick Au nano-particles (15 nm above SiO2). The incident field |E0| = 1. The maximum field cross section shown is at λ = 825 nm as in the experiment, see text for discussion. (c) Absorption, scattering and extinction cross sections σext = σabs + σsc for the L = 180 nm nanoprism on SiO2 (solid lines; refractive index n = 1.4), Si (dashed-lines), and SiO2 (w = 180 nm)-on-Si; optical properties of Si were taken from the material database of Lumerical. The FDTD calculations were carried out using total-field scattered-field (TFSF) light source. Geometrical cross-section corresponds to the footprint area of the nanoprism SAu = √ 3 4 L 2 ≈ 0.1403× 105 nm2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-scattering-spectrum-of-au-nanoprisms-on-glass-for-3k9zoiey.png Figure 3. (a) Scattering spectrum of Au nanoprisms on glass for two polarisations in back-scattering geometry. The sizes of the nanoprism were: L = 150 nm base of the equilateral triangle, 30 nm thickness, corner-to-corner separation was 250 nm. The prisms arranged two-dimensionally in a trigonal lattice (see SEM image in inset). (b) Polarisation-resolved SHG (2ω) at 800 nm (ω) excitation for different linear and the circular (left- and right-hand) polarisations of excitation in back-scattering/reflection geometry. SHG was y-polarised for different angles of orientation of the incident linearly polarised light (ω). SHG was linearly polarised at ±45◦ from y-axis for the LHC and RHC excitation (ω); see Figure 1b. https://scispace.com/papers/second-harmonic-generation-of-guided-wave-at-crack-induced-1wv0e7vxkj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-material-properties-of-cycom-r-970-t300-lamina-2i7pam13.png Table 1. Material properties of Cycom® 970/T300 lamina https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-snapshots-of-guided-wave-propagation-in-the-frp-27umuc0j.png Fig. 5. Snapshots of guided wave propagation in the FRP strengthened aluminium plate with a 20mm long fatigue crack and a 20mm long debonding: a) A0 guided wave excited by the actuator, and b) transmitted and reflected wave from the damage area and the cross-section view at the damage area. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-variation-of-normalised-second-harmonic-with-fatigue-u06p51q4.png Fig. 8. Variation of normalised second harmonic with fatigue crack length for Scenario 1: the model with fatigue crack only (A2,c) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fe-model-of-the-frp-strengthened-aluminium-plate-with-16dbxn5m.png Fig. 4. FE model of the FRP strengthened aluminium plate with a 20mm long fatigue crack and two 20mm long debonding areas https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-amplitude-profile-at-fundamental-frequency-blue-line-3djz8sr1.png Fig. 7. Amplitude profile at fundamental frequency (blue line) and second harmonic frequency (red line) for the model with a 20mm fatigue crack and S0 incident wave. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-variation-of-normalised-second-harmonic-with-fatigue-ureow9ky.png Fig. 11. Variation of normalised second harmonic with fatigue crack and debonding length for model with both fatigue crack and debonding (A2,d) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-ratios-of-a2-d-a2-c-with-different-debonding-lengths-2rp3659x.png Fig. 12. Ratios of A2,d /A2,c with different debonding lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-reflected-s0-guided-wave-obtained-from-the-model-with-z4nze4lq.png Fig. 6. Reflected S0 guided wave obtained from the model with a 20mm fatigue crack, a) time-domain signal, b) the corresponding spectrogram, and c) spectrogram with modified colour scale for displaying the second harmonic component https://scispace.com/papers/second-harmonic-scanning-optical-microscopy-of-poled-silica-3gricqka5y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-for-shsom-in-a-normal-reflection-3mci5gea.png FIG. 1. Experimental setup for SHSOM in~a! normal reflection and~b! oblique transmission reflection modes.~b! Geometry of the samples with three glass layers on top of the Si wafer. Starting from the top the th layers consist of SiO2 ~thickness: 2.6960.05mm!, Ge:SiON ~thickness: 1.9360.05mm!, and SiO2 ~thickness: 3.3060.05mm!. The geometrical parameters are taken from Ref. 9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dependence-on-angle-of-incidence-of-the-sh-signals-1uxtsdog.png FIG. 4. Dependence on angle of incidence of the SH signals obtained i p-to-p and s-to-p polarization configurations with sample S3. The inset lustrates SHG in the transmission reflection mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sh-images-of-an-uv-written-waveguide-in-sample-s2-2fhbj31b.png FIG. 3. SH images of an UV-written waveguide in sample S2 recorded wit ~a!, ~b! p-to-p and~c!, ~d! s-to-s polarization configurations. The images i ~a! and~c! are displayed in a logarithmic scale in~b! and ~d!, respectively, in order to enhance details at low in tensity. The contrast in linear image ~a!, ~c! is 100% and the ratio between their maximum signals is;5. The images were obtained at a 40° angle incidence with an 83 focusing objective. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-fh-and-b-sh-images-obtained-at-760-nm-on-a-cleaved-386pyz2r.png FIG. 6. ~a! FH and~b! SH images obtained at 760 nm on a cleaved face sample S3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-fh-and-b-sh-images-illustrating-the-influence-of-the-3bmbfzdr.png FIG. 7. ~a! FH and~b! SH images illustrating the influence of the macr scopic symmetry of defects on the spatial distribution of SH radiation. T images were recorded outside the poled region of sample S3. https://scispace.com/papers/second-layer-nucleation-in-coherent-stranski-krastanov-2dwqy1t907 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-heights-of-the-nucleation-barriers-in-9qv4lrsn.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Heights of the nucleation barriers in units of V0 as a function of the value of the lattice misfit (main plot: positive misfits; insert: negative misfits). The figures at each point denote the number of atoms, n∗, in the critical nucleus. The values for compressed islands were calculated for μ = 2ν = 12, those for expanded islands for μ = 16 and ν = 14. A cluster size of 400 atoms was considered. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-transformation-curves-total-energy-as-a-28gypeza.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Transformation curves (total energy as a function of the number N2 of atoms transferred to the second ML) for (a) positive (+3.5%) and (b) and negative (−12.0%) values of the misfit. A potential with μ = 16 and ν = 14 was used in the simulations and an initial monolayer island containing 20 × 20 = 400 atoms was considered. The second-layer islands are formed at the center, at one of the edges, and at one corner of the initial, monolayer island. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-closeup-of-the-transformation-curve-for-a-2uqoo54p.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Closeup of the transformation curve for a lattice misfit of +3.58%, μ = 16, ν = 14, and a finite cluster of a size of 400 atoms (circles). Also shown (squares) is the transformation curve for a similar situation for which an infinitely large cluster was simulated by not removing atoms from the first level but by correcting instead for the binding energy at the half-crystal position at the center of an atomic row (see text for details). The thick arrow marks the absolute maximum of the transformation curve. The remaining arrows show that local maxima of the latter curve tend to be higher for i × (i − 1) + 1 atoms, with i an integer, than for i × i + 1 atoms. The insert shows a selected region of the plot of the barrier height vs lattice misfit for a potential with μ = 2ν = 12 containing also the critical nucleus sizes for both types of configurations. These data confirm the appearance of only (rectangle +1)-type islands for the simulated infinite islands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-locations-of-second-layer-nuclei-from-top-c60vdj3m.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Locations of second-layer nuclei. From top to bottom and from left to right: initial 20 × 20 monolayer island; 13-atoms second-layer cluster nucleated at the terrace center, at an island edge, and at an island corner of the initial monolayer island. The color scale denotes the height of the considered atom and has been represented using the ATOMEYE software.37 This height is measured above the level of the corresponding crystallographic plane, but a constant fraction of the interlayer distance has been added in order to better distinguish atoms from different levels. The height is biggest at edges and corners due to the atoms climbing up on their neighbours underneath due to strain relaxation. The lattice misfit is −7%. https://scispace.com/papers/second-order-advantage-with-excitation-emission-photoinduced-1foru3dwlh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-excitation-and-emission-fluorescence-spectra-of-cbz-3jku80r1.png Fig. 3 (A) Excitation and emission fluorescence spectra of CBZ photoproducts (initial CCBZ = 212 0, 10.1, 25.3, 48.0, and 60.0 ng mL –1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-three-dimensional-plots-and-the-corresponding-contour-1wnf5ryp.png Fig. 4 Three-dimensional plots and the corresponding contour plots of excitation-emission 282 photoinduced fluorescence matrices for (A) a validation sample containing 48.0 ng mL –1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-photoreactor-ld-distance-between-the-lamps-c-quartz-rh19fbvv.png Fig. 2 Photoreactor. LD = distance between the lamps, C = quartz cells, r = reactance, t = 135 transformer. 136 137 2.4. Optimization of the parameters affecting the fluorescence signal 138 139 A five-level central composite design of 17 experiments was applied for investigating the 140 influence of the three variables on the fluorescence intensity, with three replicates at the 141 central point. These variables were the concentration of hydrochloric acid (CHCl), the 142 irradiation time (IT) and the distance between the lamps (LD). The fluorescence intensity was 143 recorded for each solution using 308 and 410 nm as excitation and emission wavelengths 144 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-recovery-study-of-cbz-for-spiked-water-samples-a-vp2rzj77.png Table 4 Recovery study of CBZ for spiked water samples. a https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analysis-of-variance-anova-for-the-selected-pq0hd5be.png Table 2 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the selected quadratic model. a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-carbamazepine-and-potential-interferences-60mt2usn.png Fig. 1 Structure of carbamazepine and potential interferences. 55 56 Environmental studies have demonstrated that CBZ is one of the most frequently detected 57 pharmaceutical in sewage-treatment plant effluents, river water and drinking water [9,10]. A 58 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-excitation-and-emission-fluorescence-spectra-of-cbz-wwbkn8ps.png Fig. 6 (A) Excitation and emission fluorescence spectra of CBZ photoproducts (CCBZ = 40.0 449 ng mL -1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-design-generated-for-a-central-composite-design-and-2s60b7rk.png Table 1 Design generated for a central composite design and the obtained response values. https://scispace.com/papers/second-order-autoregressive-model-based-kalman-filter-for-xsdy7fbgfq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-centred-jakes-psd-for-fdt-10-3-3kiv3r10.png Figure 2: Centred Jakes’ PSD for fdT = 10 −3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-performance-in-terms-of-mse-of-the-ar-p-cm-where-is-35gmha74.png Figure 1: Performance in terms of MSE of the AR(p)-CM+ where is set according to [9] for fdT = 10 −3 and SNR = 10 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scheme-of-the-kf-in-steady-state-47zhd22l.png Figure 4: Scheme of the KF in steady-state https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-variation-of-mse-versus-d-1-r-for-different-values-2ac6t7yh.png Figure 5: Variation of MSE versus δ = 1− r for different values of fAR(2)T for SNR = 0 dB and 20 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-the-asymptotic-mse-of-the-kalman-1qt3rf5p.png Figure 8: Comparison of the asymptotic MSE of the Kalman filters for proposed AR(2)MAV with the literature: AR(2)-CM [11–13], AR(2)-CM+ [9], AR(2) [4], A-LMS [41], WLMS [40], in terms of SNR for fdT = 10 −4 and fdT = 10 −3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-example-of-psds-for-an-ar-2-for-fdt-10-3-with-3817sub2.png Figure 3: An example of PSDs for an AR(2) for fdT = 10 −3 with fAR(2)T = fdT√ 2 and different values of δ = 1− r. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-of-ar-1-mav-28-ar-2-mav-and-ar-p-cm-7xszvp0i.png Figure 10: Comparison of AR(1)-MAV [28], AR(2)-MAV and AR(p)-CM+ where is set according to [9] for fdT = 10 −3 and SNR = 10 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-the-asymptotic-mse-of-the-proposed-ar-3bturgud.png Figure 9: Comparison of the asymptotic MSE of the proposed AR(2)-MAV with the literature: A-LMS[41], W-LMS[40], AR(2)[4], for different values of fdT and SNR = 10 dB. https://scispace.com/papers/second-order-blind-signal-separation-for-convolutive-sptf1mxlfn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-second-order-gradient-based-bss-in-real-and-ehysm6kn.png TABLE I SECOND-ORDER GRADIENT-BASED BSS IN REAL AND SIMULATED ENVIRONMENTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-convergence-comparison-between-the-steepest-descent-3d74tvd0.png Fig. 1. Convergence comparison between the steepest descent and the conjugate gradient algorithms in a real room environment with two microphones. Note that the two figures have different scales for the x-axis. https://scispace.com/papers/second-order-estimates-for-the-macroscopic-response-and-loss-5byvsejms5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-domains-of-strong-ellipticity-on-the-e1-e2-plane-338dmhch.png Figure 7. Domains of strong ellipticity on the (ē1 − ē2)-plane for a porous elastomer with incompressible, Neo-Hookean, matrix phase and various levels of initial concentrations fo of aligned cylindrical voids, as determined by Versions 1 and 3 of the second-order variational procedure. The dotted lines denote the boundary at which the level of zero porosity has been reached upon compressive deformation. (a) Comparisons between the Versions 1 and 3 estimates; and (b) Version 3 estimates for low initial porosity. https://scispace.com/papers/second-order-optical-nonlinearities-in-thermally-poled-xv4hexj44x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-maker-fringe-patterns-of-an-iog-1-sample-poled-at-150-n246drus.png Fig. 4: Maker fringe patterns of an IOG-1 sample poled at 150 ° C for 40 minutes with different poling voltages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-effect-of-heat-treatment-on-the-sh-signals-of-12cmk2na.png Fig. 5: The effect of heat treatment on the SH signals of samples poled at 1kV, 150 C for 40 minutes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-two-possible-d33-z-profiles-13x5qn2o.png Fig. 6: Two possible d33(Z) profiles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-integrated-waveguide-device-1u54pl3v.png Fig. 1: Schematic of integrated waveguide device. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-grinding-experiment-on-poled-samples-a-anodic-surface-34aahp0y.png Fig. 7: Grinding experiment on poled samples; (a) anodic surface grinding, (b) cathodic surface grinding. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-set-up-for-measuring-maker-fringe-nmp91k1s.png Fig. 2: Experimental set-up for measuring Maker fringe patterns in poled glasses. 1: Half-wave plate; 2: Lenses; 3: Harmonic beamsplitter; 4: Chopper; 5: Short pass filter; 6: 532 nm pass filter. The inset shows larger details in Maker fringe configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-the-d33-z-profile-used-in-the-fit-of-maker-fringe-d0ojtn5a.png Fig. 8: (a) The d33(Z) profile used in the fit of Maker fringe pattern; (b) Calculated (solid line) and experimental Maker fringe pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-maker-fringe-characteristics-at-a-1kv-poling-voltage-pjs7kktw.png Table 1: Maker fringe characteristics at a 1kV poling voltage as poling temperatures and times were varied. https://scispace.com/papers/second-order-moller-plesset-and-coupled-cluster-singles-and-zevdk864u6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-computed-seigert-energies-for-the-lowest-2pg-shape-hw6ul4av.png TABLE II. Computed Seigert energies for the lowest 2Πg shape resonance of N − 2 . The energies are computed as a stationary point using method 3 of Section II E. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-computed-seigert-energies-for-the-lowest-2pg-shape-jnls0xum.png TABLE I. Computed Seigert energies for the lowest 2Πg shape resonance of N − 2 . The energies are computed as a stationary point using method 1 of Section II E. We attribute the significant differences between the energies in valence polarized and core-valence polarized basis sets to use of method 1. Method 3 (see Table II) provides more consistent results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-selected-literature-values-in-ev-for-the-2pg-shape-ixke9fy1.png TABLE III. Selected literature values (in eV) for the 2Πg shape resonance in electron-N2 scattering from experiment and various correlated levels of theory. The EOM-EA-CCSD results from the caug-cc-pCVQZ(cm+) are given as the results of “This work.” https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-computed-seigert-energies-for-low-energy-shape-2phr15fl.png TABLE VII. Computed Seigert energies for low energy shape resonances in some molecules in caug-cc-pVTZ(cm+) and caugcc-pCVTZ(cm+). The energies are computed as a the stationary point using method 1 of Section II E. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-potential-energy-curve-of-n2-neutral-and-anion-the-3f0k4j93.png FIG. 1. Potential energy curve of N2 neutral and anion. The neutral is computed at the complex RCCSD level of theory, and the complex excitation energy of the anion is computed at the complex restricted EOM-EA-CCSD level of theory. The basis set is caug-cc-pCVTZ(cm+). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-computed-seigert-energies-for-low-energy-shape-3oljpqj9.png TABLE IV. Computed Seigert energies for low energy shape resonances in some molecules in caug-cc-pVTZ(cm+) and caugcc-pCVTZ(cm+). The energies are computed as a the stationary point using method 3 of Section II E. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-selected-literature-values-in-ev-for-the-resonances-3fe7r6mr.png TABLE V. Selected literature values (in eV) for the resonances studied here from experiment and various levels of theory. The experimental values are uncorrected and therefore do not represent the properties of the pure electronic resonance. The results from EOM-EA-CCSD in the caug-cc-pCVTZ(cm+) basis are also given labelled as “This work.” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-potential-energy-curve-of-h2-neutral-and-anion-the-21kgaro5.png FIG. 2. Potential energy curve of H2 neutral and anion. The neutral curves are computed at the CCSD level of theory, and the complex excitation energy of the anion is computed at the complex EOM-EA-CCSD level of theory relative to the triplet reference. The basis set is caug-cc-pVDZ(cm+). For H2, CCSD reproduces full-CI. https://scispace.com/papers/second-research-coordination-meeting-on-reference-database-ee5v9r8o62 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-precision-of-the-smels-results-21pgaw52.png Table 1: Precision of the SMELS results https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-available-k0-naa-facilities-and-their-relevant-1qz2hqb7.png Table 2: Available k0-NAA facilities and their relevant characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-problematic-nuclei-requiring-further-investigation-33dhou8n.png Table 3: Problematic nuclei requiring further investigation/measurement https://scispace.com/papers/second-order-sliding-mode-observers-for-fault-reconstruction-5c9v926kwu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observers-design-parameters-3h3uats6.png Table 1: Observer’s design parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-observers-performances-1dnx7osa.png Table 3: Observer’s performances https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characterization-of-the-faults-introduced-in-the-9-38x4aqoc.png Table 2: Characterization of the faults introduced in the 9 and 14 buses scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-convergence-of-the-state-estimations-14-bus-3a2fgp26.png Figure 3: Convergence of the state estimations - 14-bus scenario in presence of uncertainty in the plant https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ieee-benchmarks-and-introduced-faults-7328wtdd.png Figure 1: IEEE benchmarks and introduced faults https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fault-reconstruction-9-bus-scenario-dvuqavci.png Figure 4: Fault reconstruction - 9-bus scenario https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fault-reconstruction-14-bus-scenario-16y1qm6v.png Figure 5: Fault reconstruction - 14-bus scenario https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-convergence-of-the-state-estimations-9-bus-scenario-ccsh9262.png Figure 2: Convergence of the state estimations - 9-bus scenario https://scispace.com/papers/second-order-topological-expansion-for-electrical-impedance-wkcrak966u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-5-first-and-second-columns-subgrid-5x-5-third-column-2a37k1fd.png FIG. 5.5. First and second columns: subgrid 5× 5. Third column: subgrid 7× 7. True location of inclusions (red), initial guess by topological derivative (green). Subgrids represented by dashed lines. First and third column: (x1, y1) = (0.7, 0.3), (x2, y2) = (0.3, 0.5). Second column: (x1, y1) = (0.4, 0.2), (x2, y2) = (0.2, 0.7). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-3-initialization-with-5-noise-red-true-inclusion-green-2c95v200.png FIG. 5.3. Initialization with 5% noise. Red: true inclusion. Green: initialization. Using T0,ε + L0ε (left). Using T0,ε + T1,ε + T2,ε + L0ε (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-2-red-true-inclusion-green-initialization-blue-final-110pziyz.png FIG. 5.2. Red: true inclusion. Green: initialization. Blue: final result. After 300 iterations using T0,ε + L0ε (left), after 50 iterations using T0,ε + T1,ε + T2,ε + L0ε (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1-columns-t-10-e-left-t-10-e-l0e-center-t-10-e-t-11-e-jze17vq1.png FIG. 5.1. Columns: T 10,ε (left), T 10,ε + L0ε (center), T 10,ε + T 11,ε + T 1,1 2,ε + L 0 ε (right). The lines correspond, from top to bottom, to three different trial values of ε in ascending order, the middle line corresponding to the true value. Dark colors indicate negative values of the topological derivative. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-orders-of-e-for-the-terms-of-expansion-3-4-the-2mxgok7n.png TABLE 3.1 Orders of ε for the terms of expansion (3.4). The orders between parenthesis correspond to the behaviour on ∂Bεi , while the orders without parenthesis correspond to the behaviour "far" from the inclusions B ε i . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-4-red-true-inclusion-green-initialization-blue-final-3bb6aq8p.png FIG. 5.4. Red: true inclusion. Green: initialization. Blue: final result. Using T0,ε + L0ε (left). Using T0,ε + T1,ε + T2,ε + L0ε (right) https://scispace.com/papers/secondary-fast-reconnecting-instability-in-the-sawtooth-4f1rbpdtjx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-scalings-of-the-resistive-label-res-and-of-the-3lvl6ib9.png FIG. 3. The scalings of the resistive (label “res”) and of the purely inertiadriven (label “de”) regimes at L¼L0 and for ðL=deÞ12=5 < S < ðL=deÞ3 are, respectively, given by (10) and (36) for the primary growth rates (cIs0) and by (8) and (34) for the growth rates of the secondary tearing modes (cTs0). Similarly, (11), (37) and (9), (35) respectively give the inner layer widths dI=L and dT=L of the secondary reconnecting modes. L0 ! L has been specified. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-growth-rate-layer-width-and-d0-as-a-function-of-the-3c8iaaph.png FIG. 2. Growth rate, layer width, and D0 as a function of the wavenumber for the collisional (a) and the non-collisional (b) theory. L0 ! L has been specified. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sketch-in-log-log-scale-of-the-maximum-growth-rate-of-7x7bylas.png FIG. 1. Sketch in log-log scale of the maximum growth rate of the secondary instability as a function of the Lundquist number in the collisional (red) and in the non-collisional (mauve) regime. Also shown are the growth rate of the primary instability (also red) and the collision frequency (green). Here, L0 ! L has been specified. https://scispace.com/papers/secondary-fracture-prevention-consensus-clinical-5fkd59z9th 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-consensus-recommendations-2ujkonwr.png Table 1. Summary of Consensus Recommendations. https://scispace.com/papers/secondary-phase-objects-in-as-cast-u-10-wt-zr-438qp05v6d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-epma-chemical-analysis-of-location-in-figure-2-19zz5iqt.png Table 1. EPMA chemical analysis of location in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-zrc-precipitates-in-an-as-injection-cast-u-10zr-24ykrzho.png Figure 3. ZrC precipitates in an as-injection-cast U-10Zr fuel slug. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-edx-results-showing-an-erroneous-carbon-signal-in-3iwvjoyv.png Figure 5. EDX results showing an erroneous carbon signal in the matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-epma-image-of-several-types-of-precipitates-formed-1z574v0t.png Figure 2. EPMA image of several types of precipitates formed in injection cast U-10Zr. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-epma-chemical-analysis-of-the-precipitate-and-rind-fkgg9zlb.png Table 3. EPMA chemical analysis of the precipitate and “rind” area in Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-section-of-ebr-ii-fuel-sample-1357-showing-er0o0lk0.png Figure 8. Section of EBR-II fuel sample #1357 showing precipitates and the spot analyses done for the presence of carbon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-epma-image-of-precipitates-internal-to-as-injection-1jathvxw.png Figure 4. EPMA image of precipitates internal to as-injection-cast U-10Zr fuel and the “rind” (right), which forms on the outer surface of a portion of the fuel slug. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-analyses-for-carbon-despite-interference-with-e6gn2b9o.png Table 6. Analyses for carbon despite interference with uranium x-ray energies. https://scispace.com/papers/secondary-overtriage-of-trauma-patients-to-a-central-33ehcv62db 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-appropriateness-of-transfer-by-central-region-208jljzl.png Table 3 Appropriateness of transfer by Central Region District hospitals https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-one-central-and-eight-district-hospitals-in-the-mg7vgfzw.png Fig. 1 Map of one central and eight district hospitals in the central region of Malawi https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multiple-poissons-regression-of-patient-injury-and-2y5puo88.png Table 4 Multiple Poisson’s regression of patient, injury, and facility factors associated with secondary overtriage for injuries to Kamuzu Central Hospital https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-multiple-poissons-regression-of-patient-injury-and-2wo6e0um.png Table 5 Multiple Poisson’s regression of patient, injury, and facility factors associated with secondary overtriage for injuries to Kamuzu Central Hospital for the subgroup of patients with available referring facility information https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-and-injury-characteristics-for-appropriately-28imfyw3.png Table 1 Patient and injury characteristics for appropriately transferred and secondarily overtriaged patients between 2012 and 2017 at Kamuzu Central Hospital https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-1gs7z6mu.png Table 1 Patient and injury characteristics for appropriately transferred and secondarily overtriaged patients between 2012 and 2017 at Kamuzu Central Hospital https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-secondary-overtriage-by-type-of-referral-facility-33i9107w.png Table 2 Secondary overtriage by type of referral facility and distance from KCH https://scispace.com/papers/secondary-school-librarians-as-heads-of-department-in-uk-3srtqwurtw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relationship-between-type-of-school-and-hod-status-lv51qnwc.png Table 2. Relationship between type of school and HOD status https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-qualifications-of-respondents-20bb5xay.png Table 1. Qualifications of respondents https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-responsibility-of-school-librarians-for-the-3v04p6xo.png Figure 1. Responsibility of school librarians for the management of resources to support a school’s learning targets https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-levels-of-agreement-with-statements-regarding-the-1hflccu0.png Table 3. Levels of agreement with statements regarding the responsibilities of school librarians. Each responsibility is associated with two columns: the first details the librarians’ responses, and the second details the head-teachers’ responses https://scispace.com/papers/secondary-school-pupils-perceptions-of-physics-38ow1ksc4j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-percentage-of-pupils-expecting-a-or-a-gcse-grades-2a7re2eb.png Figure 8: Percentage of pupils expecting A* or A GCSE grades in each of the three separate sciences https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-spearmans-rho-values-for-the-correlation-between-xwqn6k6j.png Table 4: Spearman’s rho values for the correlation between expected GCSE grade and the liking https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-of-the-different-variables-with-the-28rnd7be.png Table 3: Correlations of the different variables with the liking for physics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-percentage-of-female-and-male-pupils-actually-13iasox9.png Figure 11: Percentage of female and male pupils actually getting A* and A GCSE grades in the separate sciences https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-of-pupils-giving-each-response-for-the-17x2nq0q.png Table 1: Percentage of pupils giving each response for the three science subjects (2004 data) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-how-much-double-award-science-pupils-liked-each-1nmclbxt.png Figure 6: How much Double Award Science pupils liked each subject over recent years https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-how-much-female-and-male-double-award-science-2zxbgv8h.png Figure 7: How much female and male Double Award Science pupils liked each subject https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-percentage-of-female-and-male-pupils-expecting-a-1c0y5g6t.png Figure 10: Percentage of female and male pupils expecting A* and A GCSE grades in the separate sciences https://scispace.com/papers/secondary-user-scheduling-under-throughput-guarantees-for-1nxwzgkpm3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-underlay-with-a-window-size-lw-80-note-that-all-1jy0xd8f.png Fig. 4. Underlay with a window size LW = 80. Note that all schedulers provide maximum average throughput at TPG with no violation probability degradation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-between-interweave-iw-and-underlay-ul-2yt71yjt.png Fig. 5. Comparison between interweave (IW) and underlay (UL). Interweave is unable to provide same network throughput as underlay for δ0 < 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-primary-downlink-tdm-system-with-macro-user-31whochb.png Fig. 1. A primary downlink, TDM system with macro user terminals (UT) operating in the same frequency band as multiple secondary networks/access points (APs). Yellow signals are downlink signals in PN and SN, red is interference from SN base station to primary users and green interference from PN base station to SNs users. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-underlay-with-a-window-size-lw-16-tds-outperforms-the-24ypz7mr.png Fig. 3. Underlay with a window size LW = 16. TDS outperforms the competing schedulers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-interweave-with-tds-and-pfs-schedulers-at-the-pn-3dv044sz.png Fig. 2. Interweave with TDS and PFS schedulers at the PN. Clearly, TDS outperforms PFS. Note the discontinuity in outage probability, arising from the finite window size. https://scispace.com/papers/secondary-transfer-effect-among-children-the-role-of-social-2x3kj1pcov 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-standard-deviations-for-majority-and-3m287bvs.png Table 1. Means and standard deviations for majority and minority children. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structural-equation-model-of-the-effects-of-contact-24uvl0j2.png Figure 1. Structural equation model of the effects of contact on prejudice toward the secondary outgroup via SDO and prejudice toward the primary outgroup (majority group, N = 224). Sex: 1 = male; 2 = female. Only significant paths are shown. Significant standardized coefficients and correlations are reported. *p < .05. ***p < .001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-indirect-effects-in-the-hypothesized-model-for-the-1r18fduq.png Table 3. Indirect effects in the hypothesized model for the majority group (N = 224). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-zero-order-correlations-between-constructs-for-t3hva80a.png Table 2. Zero-order correlations between constructs for majority (N = 224) and minority children (N = 75). https://scispace.com/papers/secrecy-outage-of-cooperative-relay-network-with-and-without-2kkfhqhvtr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-outage-probability-of-balanced-optimal-relay-selection-323eqp8a.png Fig. 4. Outage probability of balanced optimal relay selection scheme with MRC at E for N = 2, 3, 4, Rs = 1.0 and 1/α = 3, 6 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-outage-probability-with-mrc-at-e-for-1-a-6-db-and-rs-0-ioacd9n5.png Fig. 3. Outage probability with MRC at E for 1/α = 6 dB and Rs = 0.1, 1.0 with 1/βsri = 25, 30, 35 dB of single unbalanced relay system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-outage-probability-under-three-scenarios-18z47cdh.png Fig. 2. Comparison of outage probability under three scenarios, 1) with MRC at E 2) with SC at E and 3) with no direct S−E link for 1/α = 6 dB and Rs = 0.1, 1.0 of single balanced relay system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dual-hop-cooperative-df-multi-relay-system-1q61yipj.png Fig. 1. Dual-hop cooperative DF multi-relay system. https://scispace.com/papers/secrecy-in-cooperative-relay-broadcast-channels-3n5l09e2d7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-achievable-equivocation-region-for-single-sided-crbc-1gva4dqz.png Fig. 4. Achievable equivocation region for single-sided CRBC using Proposition 2 where , are correlated, admitting a DPC interpretation. , , , i.e., user 2 has no secrecy rate in the underlying BC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-achievable-equivocation-rate-region-for-single-sided-1s2ke2e6.png Fig. 3. Achievable equivocation rate region for single-sided CRBC using Proposition 1 where and are independent. , , , i.e., user 2 has no secrecy rate in the underlying BC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-achievable-equivocation-rate-region-using-proposition-1xsynai6.png Fig. 10. Achievable equivocation rate region using Proposition 5 where each user can jointly jam and relay. , , , i.e., user 2 cannot have any positive secrecy in the underlying BC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cooperative-relay-broadcast-channel-crbc-with-single-16fsi2hf.png Fig. 1. Cooperative relay broadcast channel (CRBC) with single-sided cooperative link. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cooperative-relay-broadcast-channel-crbc-with-a-two-n637wh03.png Fig. 2. Cooperative relay broadcast channel (CRBC) with a two-sided cooperation link. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-achievable-equivocation-rate-regions-using-2m8tioo4.png Fig. 9. Achievable equivocation rate regions using Propositions 2 and 4 where user 1 jams and relays, and , are correlated, admitting a DPC interpretation. , , , , i.e., user 1’s channel is stronger than user 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-achievable-equivocation-rate-region-using-proposition-2gfy0f8p.png Fig. 5. Achievable equivocation rate region using Proposition 3 where user 1 jams and relays, and , are independent. , , , i.e., user 1 cannot have any positive secrecy in the underlying BC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-achievable-equivocation-rate-region-using-proposition-1e44pvgg.png Fig. 8. Achievable equivocation rate region using Proposition 4 where user 1 jams and relays, and , are correlated, admitting a DPC interpretation. , , , i.e., user 1’s channel is stronger than user 2. https://scispace.com/papers/secondary-voltage-unbalance-compensation-for-three-phase-mfbpwch0lb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-system-operating-process-load-conditions-n7w5rfwm.png TABLE II. SYSTEM OPERATING PROCESS: LOAD CONDITIONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-microgrid-configuration-based-on-three-phase-four-leg-2woxtgme.png Fig. 1. Microgrid configuration based on three-phase four-leg converters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-hil-results-fci3cdht.png Fig. 6. HiL results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-control-structure-of-secondary-control-level-3bs7amy2.png Fig. 4. Control structure of secondary control level https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simplified-control-structure-of-secondary-control-tyntvlvr.png Fig. 5. Simplified control structure of secondary control level https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-system-parameters-2nn5c85d.png TABLE I. SYSTEM PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simplified-negative-and-zero-sequence-circuits-a-3dqpvhrp.png Fig. 3. Simplified negative and zero sequence circuits. (a) negative sequence; (b) zero sequence https://scispace.com/papers/secrecy-for-miso-broadcast-channels-via-alternating-csit-4ql7i2vnmd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-constituent-schemes-1yntvel0.png TABLE I: Constituent schemes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-achieving-sum-s-d-o-f-of-4-3-using-the-scheme-s4-31-2ibgbgpr.png Fig. 5: Achieving sum s.d.o.f. of 4/3 using the scheme S4/31 for states (PD,DP,NN). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-miso-broadcast-channel-with-confidential-messages-19dxqwlc.png Fig. 1: MISO broadcast channel with confidential messages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-sum-s-d-o-f-as-a-function-of-lp-and-ld-1r4jxq6q.png Fig. 2: The sum s.d.o.f. as a function of λP and λD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cost-of-security-12tu18mf.png Fig. 4: Cost of security. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-trade-off-between-delayed-and-perfect-csit-1qn9uxdr.png Fig. 3: Trade-off between delayed and perfect CSIT. https://scispace.com/papers/secrecy-performance-of-correlated-alpha-mu-fading-channels-10b9dpgy04 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-simulated-analytical-12-and-asymptotic-r5s65dne.png Fig. 3. Comparison of simulated, analytical (12), and asymptotic SOP versus γ̄D for different values ofρ and γ̄E=10 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-simulated-analytical-4-and-asymptotic-14-2ih9vq3x.png Fig. 1. Comparison of simulated, analytical (4), and asymptotic (14) ASC versus average SNR for different values ofρ. https://scispace.com/papers/secret-ballots-and-costly-information-gathering-the-jury-4ud06njoby 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-probabilities-of-paying-attention-an-overall-correct-1wpxsxqz.png Table 2:Probabilities of paying attention, an overall correct decision, and average juror utilities in the high and low attention equilibria, c=0.1, q=0.8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-s-p-and-u-for-c-0-1-odd-numbered-jury-panels-2enl36vz.png Table 1: σ,p and U for c = 0.1, odd numbered jury panels https://scispace.com/papers/secretome-proteins-as-candidate-biomarkers-for-aggressive-3jlb7hr353 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-1fvcwdes.png TABLE VIII https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-ajcc-thyroid-cancer-tnm-staging-system-2ew5q275.png TABLE III AJCC thyroid cancer TNM staging system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ingenuity-pathway-analysis-tdxk6ot7.png Figure 2. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-1l2taylk.png TABLE VII https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-1zvwwe64.png TABLE VI https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-experimental-workflow-28txaqas.png Figure 1. Schematic of experimental workflow https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-subtypes-of-thyroid-carcinomas-26zkqgjk.png TABLE I Subtypes of thyroid carcinomas https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-immunostaining-of-alcam-in-different-thyroid-cancer-hya931a5.png Figure 6. Immunostaining of ALCAM in different thyroid cancer subtypes https://scispace.com/papers/section-1603-treasury-grant-expiration-industry-insight-on-3sea1e9ilt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-potential-tax-equity-required-to-fulfill-existing-xmetoiwy.png Table 2. Potential Tax Equity Required to Fulfill Existing State RPS Requirements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-wind-energy-investment-in-response-to-federal-kc508xkn.png Figure 2. Wind energy investment in response to federal incentives https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-costs-to-acquire-tax-equity-and-ss1603-3mzu8jx9.png Table 3. Estimated Costs to Acquire Tax Equity and §1603 Program Awards https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ss1603-projects-awarded-by-state-figure-9-ss1603-52tydn0m.png Figure 8. §1603 projects awarded by state Figure 9. §1603 dollars awarded by state https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ss1603-program-total-funding-millions-figure-7-f9xio3yy.png Figure 6. §1603 Program total funding ($millions) Figure 7. §1603 Program total projects awarded https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-large-scale-tax-equity-investors-by-year-3n8ldsdn.png Table 1. Large-Scale Tax Equity Investors by Year https://scispace.com/papers/secure-and-privacy-preserving-identity-and-access-management-34gyccqp1v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-11-the-traffic-light-protocol-2p5pev1f.png Figure 8.11 The traffic light protocol. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-3-systems-thinking-2tbib9je.png Figure 8.3 Systems thinking. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-5-i-p-o-interface-definition-framework-2g1zs0ry.png Figure 8.5 I/P/O interface definition framework. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-12-properties-of-self-healing-research-y96i39zl.png Figure 8.12 Properties of self-healing research. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-13-self-healing-subcomponents-activity-diagram-2e8dthm9.png Figure 8.13 Self-healing subcomponents activity diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-9-the-cs-aware-visualization-component-ywv12tzs.png Figure 8.9 The CS-AWARE visualization component. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-10-cti-exchange-interoperability-layers-3bm3kazf.png Figure 8.10 CTI exchange interoperability layers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-4-cs-aware-framework-3d16qw45.png Figure 8.4 CS-AWARE framework. https://scispace.com/papers/secure-and-energy-efficient-disjoint-multipath-routing-for-n7mufqikic 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-identical-hop-routing-under-single-black-hole-scenario-3glguw20.png Fig. 3. Identical-hop routing under single black hole scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-impact-of-transmission-range-on-network-lifetime-1e2xcbf8.png Fig. 9. Impact of transmission range on network lifetime. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-impact-of-black-holes-locations-on-packet-interception-8yupk1en.png Fig. 5. Impact of black holes’ locations on packet interception probability. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-impact-of-transmission-range-on-total-energy-36d6xhy1.png Fig. 8. Impact of transmission range on total energy consumption. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-impact-of-forwarded-hop-length-on-packet-interception-39l5qn3r.png Fig. 6. Impact of forwarded hop length on packet interception probability. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-impact-of-black-holes-number-on-packet-interception-4ez3awsc.png Fig. 7. Impact of black holes’ number on packet interception probability. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-least-required-share-number-m-with-various-3nvjvx8l.png TABLE III LEAST REQUIRED SHARE NUMBER M WITH VARIOUS PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-table-of-notation-n2zm6x6h.png TABLE I TABLE OF NOTATION https://scispace.com/papers/secular-sea-level-change-in-the-russian-sector-of-the-arctic-4inqc9huk0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variability-and-trends-from-observed-and-gia-1757e5yb.png Table 2. Variability and Trends From Observed and GIA-Corrected Dataa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-observed-blue-and-simulated-red-with-inverted-36wyvxym.png Figure 11. Observed (blue) and simulated (red (with inverted barometer effect) and black (without inverted barometer effect)) sea surface heights (left) 2-D and (right) 3-D model results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-slp-trends-from-different-data-sources-kewikk7b.png Figure 10. SLP trends from different data sources. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-top-sea-level-trend-from-3-d-model-results-for-1foyw4db.png Figure 15. (top) Sea level trend from 3-D model results for (left) 1951–2001 and (right) 1954–1989. (bottom) Sea level trend from 3-D model results corrected for wind effect for (left) 1951–2001 and (right) 1954–1989. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-observed-and-simulated-trends-1954-1989a-324s5rf3.png Table 3. Observed and Simulated Trends 1954–1989a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-correlation-between-monthly-sea-level-and-sea-level-79tepeis.png Figure 8. Correlation between monthly sea level and sea level atmospheric pressure at coastal stations. Bars show correlation coefficients for shown stations. Vertical axis denotes correlation coefficient. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-slp-trends-from-different-sources-at-the-locations-10vvume6.png Figure 9. SLP trends from different sources at the locations of coastal stations. Solid thin, dotted, and dashed lines show trends from Trenberth, reanalysis, and analysis SLP data sets, respectively. Thick solid line shows mean trend from all these sources. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-sea-level-time-series-b-mean-ocean-circulation-33l46ybk.png Figure 14. (a) Sea level time series, (b) mean ocean circulation, and (c) simulated sea level trend associated with river runoff. Figure 14a shows observed (black line) and simulated (dotted blue line (without river runoff) and red solid line (with river runoff)) for two stations of the Yenisey River. Correlation coefficients between observed and simulated (without and with river runoff, respectively) sea level are shown in titles of these figures. Figure 14b shows barotropic water circulation associated with the inclusion of river runoff to the model, and Figure 14c shows sea level trends associated with river discharge based on 1954–1989 model simulation results. https://scispace.com/papers/secure-content-sniffing-for-web-browsers-or-how-to-stop-22ita389wz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-to-mount-a-content-sniffing-xss-attack-the-attacker-1rr86pzz.png Figure 2. To mount a content-sniffing XSS attack, the attacker uploads a GIF/HTML chameleon to Wikipedia. The browser treats the chameleon as HTML and runs the attacker’s JavaScript. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mime-types-that-trigger-content-sniffing-in-internet-1299uhes.png Table 4. Mime types that trigger content sniffing in Internet Explorer 7. Mime types text/plain and application/octet-stream also trigger the content-sniffing algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-content-type-values-that-can-be-upgraded-to-text-jqr2khh8.png Table 5. Content-Type values that can be upgraded to text/html. Missing means the value is absent. Bogus means the value lacks a slash. Known means the value is in Table 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-most-popular-signatures-according-to-statistics-1dstp0gt.png Table 3. The most popular signatures according to statistics collected from opt-in Google Chrome users. PTR is a pointer to the first non-whitespace byte of DATA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-signatures-for-four-popular-image-formats-data-is-2rkhzv0g.png Table 1. Signatures for four popular image formats. DATA is the sniffing buffer. The nomenclature is detailed in the Appendix. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-union-of-html-signatures-ptr-is-a-pointer-to-the-1s55lonn.png Table 2. Union of HTML signatures. PTR is a pointer to the first non-whitespace byte of DATA. https://scispace.com/papers/secure-degrees-of-freedom-of-the-interference-channel-with-1cyiuwoptg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-alignment-for-the-interference-channel-for-k-3-a7v8km5x.png Fig. 2. Alignment for the interference channel for K = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-k-user-interference-channel-with-an-external-2bygc0rs.png Fig. 1. K-user interference channel with an external eavesdropper. https://scispace.com/papers/secure-d-flip-flop-against-side-channel-attacks-t12x62lwld 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-power-consumption-model-of-our-dff-with-jitter-or-not-jfx58d40.png Fig. 5. Power consumption model of our DFF with jitter or not https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-stability-on-traces-with-noise-on-dpa-qpuvzmu7.png Table 6. Stability on traces with noise on DPA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-power-consumption-model-gzryy7ye.png Fig. 4. Power consumption model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-clocktree-with-jitter-of-the-d-flip-flop-oehse0bv.png Fig. 3. clocktree with jitter of the D Flip-Flop https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-clock-to-output-time-1xz183zb.png Table 2. Clock to Output Time https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-stability-on-traces-with-noise-on-cpa-34aakrp5.png Table 7. Stability on traces with noise on CPA https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-area-overhead-of-several-hardware-countermeasures-144hk249.png Table 1. Area overhead of several hardware countermeasures applied to cryptosystems https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-difference-of-means-a-after-100-traces-b-after-1500-1edm2arz.png Fig. 1. Difference of Means (a) after 100 traces - (b) after 1500 traces https://scispace.com/papers/secure-large-scale-airport-simulations-using-distributed-4lhbrst453 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-domain-expertise-for-aircraft-subassembly-7vokocr0.png Table 2. Domain expertise for aircraft subassembly simulations https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-representative-parameters-from-3-subassembly-1yeman3k.png Table 3. Representative Parameters from 3 Subassembly Simulations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-key-data-collection-programs-2bc4aac3.png Table 1. Examples of Key Data Collection Programs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-integration-of-monitoring-data-and-simulation-data-1sq3ue5b.png Figure 1. Integration of Monitoring Data and Simulation Data from nodes with various domain expertise in Batch Modeling Process Stage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-expansion-of-data-sources-and-simulation-facilities-37t9dqrm.png Figure 2. Expansion of data sources and simulation facilities and addition of two-way information flows in Real Time Simulation Stage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dynamic-re-configurable-airspace-wide-simulation-43mwrz7k.png Figure 3. Dynamic, re-configurable Airspace-wide Simulation Environment in the Distributed High Fidelity National Modeling Stage https://scispace.com/papers/secure-degrees-of-freedom-of-k-user-gaussian-interference-4gh1jnjn5f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-illustration-of-alignment-at-multiple-receivers-58ettg0j.png Fig. 4. Illustration of alignment at multiple receivers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-alignment-for-3-user-ic-cm-ee-u1-and-1ybhlwa8.png Fig. 3. Illustration of alignment for 3-user IC-CM-EE. U1 and V21 are marked to emphasize their simultaneous alignment at Y1, Y3 and Z . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-receiver-sides-of-the-three-channel-models-a-k-1g6ow95g.png Fig. 2. The receiver sides of the three channel models: (a) K -user IC-EE, (b) K -user IC-CM, and (c) K -user IC-CM-EE, where W K−i = {W1, . . . , Wi−1, Wi+1, . . . , WK }. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-k-user-gaussian-interference-channel-with-secrecy-o34pcci9.png Fig. 1. K -user Gaussian interference channel with secrecy constraints. https://scispace.com/papers/secure-multi-party-quantum-computation-with-a-dishonest-z24e804q0z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-using-a-magic-state-t-t-to-implement-a-t-gate-lyx3vxeg.png Fig. 1. Using a magic state |T〉 = T |+〉 to implement a T gate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1-the-environment-interacting-with-the-protocol-as-run-u7069xof.png Fig. 2. (1) The environment interacting with the protocol as run by honest players P1, . . . , P , and an adversary who has corrupted the remaining players. (2) The environment interacting with a simulator running the ideal functionality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-on-the-left-the-adversarys-interaction-with-the-4ikuo58y.png Fig. 3. On the left, the adversary’s interaction with the protocol ΠEnc, ΠEncA in case player 1 is the only honest player. On the right, the simulator’s interaction with JEnc, JEncS . It performs the Pauli filter IdFilter MT1T2 on the adversary’s attack on the encoded state. https://scispace.com/papers/secure-multiparty-computation-based-privacy-preserving-smart-lumotepij5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-the-customer-smart-meter-interface-3sfxvddv.png Fig. 3. The the customer smart meter interface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-substation-interface-for-the-utility-2idkxbgu.png Fig. 4. The substation interface for the utility. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-network-topology-of-smart-meters-and-the-utility-3kvfg8it.png Fig. 2. Network topology of smart meters and the utility server. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-using-consumption-data-to-infer-user-activity-3-153utjys.png Fig. 1. Using consumption data to infer user activity [3] https://scispace.com/papers/secure-quantum-key-distribution-using-squeezed-states-43vje2yazl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-one-sigma-contours-of-the-wigner-functions-for-typic-2vv8ta4r.png FIG. 1. One-sigma contours of the Wigner functions for typic squeezed states used in the quantum key distribution protocol, squeeze factorD̃5e2r51/2. The signal states squeezed inp and in q overlap with one another, preventing Eve from learning about without disturbing the other. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-probability-distributions-for-the-squeezed-quantum-k-1x0x2rg4.png FIG. 2. Probability distributions for the squeezed quantum k https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-effect-of-channel-losses-on-the-security-of-quan-18e1i5ec.png FIG. 3. The effect of channel losses on the security of quan key distribution using squeezed states. The maximum lengthkdmax of the channel~in units of the attenuation length! is plotted as a https://scispace.com/papers/secure-transmission-for-relay-wiretap-channels-in-the-32rgtes9qw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ts-versus-rb-for-different-values-of-n-with-e-4-b-0-5-3n6sggj9.png Fig. 4: Ts versus Rb for different values of N with η = 4, β = 0.5, ϕ = 0.4, γb = 20 dB, and γb/γe = 20. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-t-s-versus-b-for-different-values-of-n-with-e-4-ph-0-4-z3rwwle3.png Fig. 5: T ∗s versus β for different values of N with η = 4, ϕ = 0.4, γb = 20 dB, and γb/γe = 20. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pso-versus-te-for-different-values-of-ge-with-e-4-n-4-2orqf0ix.png Fig. 3: Pso versus τe for different values of γe with η = 4, N = 4, and β = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pto-versus-tb-for-different-values-of-gb-with-e-4-n-4-159ce4of.png Fig. 2: Pto versus τb for different values of γb with η = 4, N = 4, and β = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-a-relay-wiretap-channel-with-spatially-1ymlatah.png Fig. 1: Illustration of a relay wiretap channel with spatially random eavesdroppers. https://scispace.com/papers/secure-transmission-for-intelligent-reflecting-surface-24dxt6v8k9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-secrecy-rate-versus-the-number-of-reflecting-elements-3v0579ww.png Fig. 3. Secrecy rate versus the number of reflecting elements from 10 to 100. (a) Eve intercepts IRS, dre=5 m for non-blocking, dre=2 m for blocking, (b) Eve intercepts BS, dse=5 m for non-blocking, dse=2 m for blocking. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-model-for-irs-assisted-secure-mmwave-thz-system-af1sief3.png Fig. 1. System model for IRS-assisted secure mmWave/THz system. https://scispace.com/papers/secure-verification-of-location-claims-on-a-vehicular-safety-su11qafqkg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-notation-1ya1oo73.png Fig. 1. Notation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-impact-of-hello-message-loss-ghjc73y0.png Fig. 9. Impact of Hello message loss https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-impact-of-distance-cheating-on-the-waiting-time-31k1r2yh.png Fig. 3. Impact of distance cheating on the waiting time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-contention-window-versus-distance-u3fi2vpq.png Fig. 2. Contention window versus distance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-case-1-1rau6vh6.png Fig. 4. Case 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-case-2-2ms95rxn.png Fig. 5. Case 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-case-3-2vcucyig.png Fig. 6. Case 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-modified-structure-of-hello-message-sbf3vfhp.png Fig. 8. A modified structure of Hello message https://scispace.com/papers/secured-vocal-access-to-telephone-servers-2q1smlqnfq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-interaction-in-the-theatre-sub-menu-a-to-get-zqrxsctd.png Figure Interaction in the theatre sub menu a to get information b to update information https://scispace.com/papers/secure-uav-enabled-communication-using-han-kobayashi-bbefm9j4tq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-achievable-ues-minimum-throughput-versus-the-1mqdatnt.png Fig. 3. Achievable UEs’ minimum throughput versus the transmitted power budget P under UE scenario II. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-achievable-ues-minimum-throughput-versus-the-3714jdgo.png Fig. 2. Achievable UEs’ minimum throughput versus the transmitted power budget P under UE scenario I. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-convergence-of-the-proposed-algorithms-3imm3jgq.png Fig. 16. Convergence of the proposed Algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-optimal-power-allocation-of-an-transfer-under-ue-2j0jh0f3.png Fig. 14. Optimal power allocation of AN transfer under UE scenario I. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-total-power-allocation-of-each-pair-under-ue-scenario-2jcon8a9.png Fig. 15. Total power allocation of each pair under UE scenario I. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-achievable-ues-minimum-throughput-versus-the-hb7l2b4h.png Fig. 11. Achievable UEs’ minimum throughput versus the transmitted power budget P under UE scenario II. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-optimal-fraction-1-tk-of-bandwidth-allocation-under-8mg1fk6k.png Fig. 12. Optimal fraction 1/τk of bandwidth allocation under UE scenario I. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-achievable-ues-minimum-throughput-versus-the-uav-255kngew.png Fig. 10. Achievable UEs’ minimum throughput versus the UAV altitude h under UE scenario I. https://scispace.com/papers/securerun-cheat-proof-and-private-summaries-for-location-5rfks6s36p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-experimental-cdf-of-the-a-duration-b-length-c-19qs1u3c.png Figure 15. Experimental CDF of the (a) duration, (b) length, (c) elevation gain (d) density of FON AP (along the activity) and (e) proportion of chunks covered by FON APs, among the activities from the Garmin data-set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-alignment-of-location-proofs-lp11-and-lp12-at-2ogehaek.png Figure 2. Time alignment of location proofs LP11 and LP12 at time t1. At t1, the user was in the gray area defined by the intersection of the two solid discs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sensitivity-analysis-of-the-accuracy-with-respect-2bcedwzu.png Figure 8. Sensitivity analysis of the accuracy, with respect to the density of access point along the activities (top) and to the proportion of covered chunks (bottom). The plots represent complementary cumulative distribution functions (ccdf). The planned sampling algorithm was used, with silence periods of ∆T = 60 s. Note that in London, all activities have a density ≤20 AP/km. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-accuracy-of-the-elevation-gains-proofs-in-paris-29r2flrh.png Figure 9. Accuracy of the elevation gains proofs in Paris, with the planned sampling algorithms, for different values of the duration of the silence periods, with the FON network (+ Free for 2 operators). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-computation-of-distance-and-elevation-proofs-the-149bh45w.png Figure 3. Computation of distance and elevation proofs. The shaded areas correspond to the intersections of the location proofs obtained at the same sampling time. The 3D plots correspond to the elevation profiles of the shaded areas, based on which the lower-bound of the elevation gains are computed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-filters-applied-to-our-activity-data-3bt47d8e.png Table 1 Summary of the filters applied to our activity data-set. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-used-in-the-simulation-10blajza.png Table 2 Parameters used in the simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-example-of-an-activity-for-which-proportion-of-1c2e6vf7.png Figure 16. Example of an activity for which proportion of covered chunks is greater than 80% and the precision is smaller than 25% (planned sampling, ∆T = 60 s). The path is shown as a dashed line and the circles denote the communication ranges of the APs. The shaded areas represent the combined location proofs obtained at the sampling points. https://scispace.com/papers/securitization-and-bank-performance-1ltul96gvt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-effect-of-securitization-on-bank-performance-2vwqf1m1.png Table 6: The Effect of Securitization on Bank Performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistics-on-the-number-of-first-time-securitizers-2ytnl4x2.png Table 2: Statistics on the Number of First-Time Securitizers and Non-Securitizers https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-robustness-tests-alternative-performance-measures-3e3eng3g.png Table 7: Robustness Tests: Alternative Performance Measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-statistics-on-the-first-securitizations-3n2ozvin.png Table 3: Statistics on the First Securitizations https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-determinants-of-banks-propensity-to-securitize-15q2nly1.png Table 4: Determinants of Banks’ Propensity to Securitize https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-performance-trajectories-2jwpwfxm.png Figure 1: Performance Trajectories https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-the-propensity-score-of-first-time-1rimsn7e.png Figure 2: Distribution of the Propensity Score of First-Time Securitizers and NonSecuritizers before and after Matching https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-t-test-for-equality-of-means-of-covariates-before-3vi4oygt.png Table 5: T-Test for Equality of Means of Covariates before and after Matching https://scispace.com/papers/securitization-reversed-does-europeanization-improve-59tg3cadn8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-case-studies-sk5tjw5l.png Table 1. Case studies. https://scispace.com/papers/security-and-usability-research-using-a-microworld-1banhr82s9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-screen-capture-of-the-experimental-system-following-3a8u4yfd.png Figure 2: Screen capture of the experimental system following an attack. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-screen-capture-of-the-experimental-system-when-an-3hv7clyj.png Figure 1: Screen capture of the experimental system when an alert appears. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-number-of-clear-rows-actions-for-high-and-low-28so95h0.png Figure 4: The number of clear rows actions for high and low attack likelihood. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-security-levels-usage-in-percent-for-high-and-low-2kw7s2h8.png Figure 3: Security levels usage in percent for high and low attack likelihood. https://scispace.com/papers/security-and-privacy-concerns-in-connected-cars-a-systematic-265mpsgntz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-security-and-privacy-concerns-3u3apnm8.png TABLE II. SECURITY AND PRIVACY CONCERNS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-primary-studies-across-year-and-publication-source-pqw3stpm.png Fig. 1. Primary studies across year and publication source https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-solutions-for-the-identified-security-and-privacy-1mwrjw40.png TABLE III. SOLUTIONS FOR THE IDENTIFIED SECURITY AND PRIVACY CONCERNS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-research-questions-200pz1iv.png TABLE I. RESEARCH QUESTIONS https://scispace.com/papers/security-challenges-in-the-ip-based-internet-of-things-14cij6cswu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overview-of-security-mechanisms-19j6wlsn.png Fig. 2. Overview of Security Mechanisms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-lifecycle-of-a-device-in-the-internet-of-things-1armesvg.png Fig. 1. The lifecycle of a device in the Internet of Things https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relationships-between-ip-based-security-protocols-2v1rp1gn.png Fig. 3. Relationships between IP-based security protocols https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-challenges-and-protocols-for-secure-iot-1qq9lh4k.png Table 1. Challenges and protocols for secure IoT https://scispace.com/papers/security-against-jamming-in-imaging-with-partially-2we4txnaxo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-jamming-scheme-a-source-s-produces-photons-with-2jotjj3o.png Figure 1. Jamming scheme. A source S produces photons with polarisation states (2)-(5) that are chosen by a legitimate imager. The photons are sent to interrogate an object O. Before arriving at detector D they are partially intercepted with intercepting rate r by intruder E who resends photons with false information to the detector in order to jam the imaging system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-upper-left-image-shows-the-mixture-of-the-93n0eofy.png Figure 3. The upper left image shows the mixture of the correct (Λ-shape) and the false (T -shape) image obtained using states (2) and (3) respectively. The upper right image shows the false image. In this case, the correct part disappears because the legitimate states (3) are blocked by a polariser. The lower left image shows the recovered image. For comparison, the lower right image shows the image without jamming. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-jamming-detection-probability-based-on-the-3gifjn8q.png Figure 2. Jamming detection probability based on the hypotheses testing scheme with the variance of measured visibility equal to σ = 0.1. https://scispace.com/papers/security-control-for-discrete-time-stochastic-nonlinear-1h655qbddd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-dynamic-trajectory-and-the-attack-times-for-8eq37eo0.png Fig. 3. The dynamic trajectory and the attack times for Example 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-dynamic-trajectories-100-independent-simulation-6x9rgb7d.png Fig. 2. The dynamic trajectories (100 independent simulation trials). https://scispace.com/papers/security-issue-timing-what-do-managers-know-and-when-do-they-23fc5lh6ig 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cumulative-abnormal-returns-around-the-first-earnings-1mqj1vnv.png Fig. 3. Cumulative abnormal returns around the first earnings announcement after a put option sale. The figure shows average benchmark adjusted cumulative returns from trading day –40 to 40 after the first earnings announcement following a put sale event (put sale event is defined in Table 3). There are 137 put selling firms and 631 put sale events from 1991-2004 with available announcement and return data. Cumulative return for trading day t is the sum of daily returns from trading day –40 to t. Daily abnormal returns are computed by subtracting the daily return on a benchmark portfolio from the corresponding stock return. We use two benchmarks: the 49 industry portfolios and the 100 size and book-to-market portfolios from Ken French’s website (see Fama and French, 1993 and 1997). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-stock-return-volatility-around-put-option-sales-the-p2ll7qpn.png Fig. 4. Stock return volatility around put option sales. The figure shows average stock return volatility estimated for rolling windows around the put sale event (put sale event is defined in Table 3). Volatility on trading day t is the standard deviation of daily stock returns from t-50 to t. We require that returns are available for 50 trading days for each estimate. The figure shows estimates for windows ending on day – 100 to 200 after the put sale event. The mean volatility is computed separately for the firms’ first, last, and all other put option sales. There are 129 first sales, 124 last sales, and 426 all other sales with available volatility estimates for day 0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cumulative-returns-around-earnings-announcements-164z7m48.png Table 4 Cumulative returns around earnings announcements following put option sales. The table shows average cumulative returns and t-statistics around the first three earnings announcements (EA) following a put sale event (put sale event is defined in Table 3). The sample consists of 137 put selling firms and 631 earnings announcements from 1991-2004. Panel A shows cumulative returns from trading day –5 to 40 after the first announcement; Panel B shows cumulative returns for shorter windows centered around the first, second, and third announcement. In Panel B, the sample of 338 second announcements does not include announcements numbered second and first for subsequent events of the same firm. Similarly, the sample of 242 third announcements does not include announcements numbered third as well as second and/or first. Cumulative return is the sum of daily returns during the even window. Daily abnormal returns are computed by subtracting the daily return on a benchmark portfolio from the corresponding stock return (the benchmarks are described in Table 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-abnormal-returns-around-put-option-sales-the-table-5syn9885.png Table 3 Abnormal returns around put option sales. The table shows average abnormal cumulative returns and t statistics for various windows around the put sale event. The precise date of the put sale is usually not reported, and we define an event as the last day of the “sale period”, which is usually the fiscal quarter during which the sale takes place. If multiple sales occur during one sale period, we treat these sales as one event. There are 137 put selling firms and 664 put sale events from 1991-2004 with available return data on the event day. Cumulative returns are computed for six 50-day intervals: from trading day –100 to –50, from trading day –50 to 0, etc. If a given interval (e.g. –50 to 0) overlaps for different events of the same firm, we keep only the earlier event. Cumulative return is the sum of daily returns during the 50-day interval. Daily abnormal returns are computed by subtracting the daily return on a benchmark portfolio from the corresponding stock return. We use three benchmarks: the value-weighted CRSP index, the 49 industry portfolios and the 100 size and book-to-market portfolios from Ken French’s website (see Fama and French, 1993 and 1997). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-number-of-put-sales-and-put-issuing-firms-by-year-34h57a8g.png Fig. 1. Number of put sales and put issuing firms by year. There are 137 put issuing firms and 796 put sales from 1991-2004. Depending on available data, a put sale represents either an individual transaction or several transactions occurring within one reporting period, usually a fiscal quarter. The precise date of the put sale is usually not reported, and the figure is based on the last day of the “sale period”, which is usually the fiscal quarter during which the sale takes place. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-for-put-option-sales-and-programs-2pnbrcmq.png Table 2 Summary statistics for put option sales and programs. The total number of firms with put sales programs is 137, and the total number of put sales is 796. We exclude 32 maturity extensions of previously sold puts from the sample. The number of observations is reduced further because of missing data. The face value of a put issue is the number of puts sold times the average strike price. The moneyness of a put issue is the ratio of the average strike price to the issuer’s stock price on the put sale date, or averaged over the sale period (usually the fiscal quarter of the sale). The maturity of a put issue is the number of days between the put sale date (or the midpoint of the sale period) and the maturity date (or the midpoint of the maturity period). The fraction of all put issues exercised or settled is reported only for issues that can be traced from sale to maturity and for which the final outcome is reported by the issuer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-changes-in-stock-return-volatility-from-before-to-yindwh9w.png Table 6 Changes in stock return volatility from before to after put option sales. The table shows the average change in volatility from before to after a put sale event (put sale event is defined in Table 3) and the corresponding t-statistics. All statistics are shown separately for the firms’ first, last, and all other put sale events. In Panel A, volatility is the daily standard deviation of benchmark adjusted stock returns; in Panel B, volatility is the daily standard deviation of raw returns minus the daily standard deviation of a benchmark portfolio returns computed over the same period. We use three benchmarks: the value-weighted CRSP index, the 49 industry portfolios and the 100 size and book-to-market portfolios from Ken French’s website. Volatility is computed over 50, 100, or 200 trading days before and after the event, and we require that returns are available for at least 50 trading days for each estimate. For “all other” sales, if a given horizon (e.g. 50-day after sale) overlaps for different sales of the same firm, we drop the overlapping days before computing volatility. More precisely, for each volatility estimate after (before) the sale, we drop days that overlap with the same-length horizon for the subsequent (previous) sale. There are 129 first sales, 122 last sales, and 361 all other sales with available estimates of volatility changes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-put-issuers-repurchasing-mo868twi.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics for put issuers, repurchasing firms, and all Compustat firms during 1991-2004. The samples consist of 137 put issuers (355 firm-years), 5,523 repurchasing firms (13,087 firm-years), and 14,263 Compustat firms (99,546 firm-years). A firm-year is included in the put issuer sample if the firm has at least one put option sale in the fiscal year. A firm-year is included in the repurchasing firm sample if the firm repurchases shares worth at least 0.5% of the priorquarter book assets in at least one quarter of the fiscal year. ASSETS and SALES are book assets and sales ($billions). B/M is the ratio of the book value to the market value of common stock. R&D, PPE, and CASH are R&D expense, PP&E plus inventory, and cash plus short-term investments scaled by book assets. R&D and PPE are set to zero if they are missing on Compustat. ROA is net income scaled by the prior-year book assets. Dividend is a dummy variable equal to one if the firm pays a dividend. Leverage equals total debt divided by the sum of total debt and the book value of common stock. Net stock sale is the difference between the sale and the purchase of common and preferred stock scaled by the prior-year market value of common stock. Some variables are not available for the full samples. All variables are winsorized at the 1st and the 99th percentile in the Compustat sample. https://scispace.com/papers/security-issues-in-internet-of-things-vulnerability-analysis-1x0vucuquy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-node-gateway-architecture-1qck42h3.png Fig. 1. Node/gateway architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-results-of-sigfox-attack-1952po8t.png Fig. 4. The results of Sigfox attack https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-results-of-lorawan-packet-forging-attack-3siuwaox.png Fig. 3. The results of LoRaWAN packet forging attack https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-activity-diagram-showing-mic-bruteforce-attack-kjo9z8oz.png Fig. 2. Activity diagram showing MIC bruteforce attack workflow https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-nb-iot-scan-using-malicious-ue-3c6gtkjl.png Fig. 5. NB-IoT scan using malicious UE https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-lpwan-attacks-1cf0a5db.png TABLE I SUMMARY OF LPWAN ATTACKS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-nb-iot-scan-results-1wc32mcx.png Fig. 6. NB-IoT scan results https://scispace.com/papers/security-of-continuous-variable-quantum-cryptography-2i1n7ohv3x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-improvement-in-secret-key-rates-due-to-1nzkngjs.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Improvement in secret key rates due to Gaussian postselection. (a) Direct reconciliation with postselection (solid lines) and without postselection (dashed lines) as a function of loss for ξ = {0.1,0.2,0.3} with decreasing key rate. (b) Reverse reconciliation with postselection (solid lines) and without postselection (dashed lines) as a function of loss for ξ = {0.02,0.03,0.05} with decreasing key rate. For all plots β = 0.9 and the modulation variance is numerically optimized [15]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-prepare-and-measure-p-m-and-effective-3b3p9alz.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Prepare-and-measure (P&M) and effective entanglement-based versions of a protocol using Gaussian postselection. (a) P&M scheme: Alice uses two classical Gaussian strings (xA,pA) to prepare and transmit an ensemble of coherent states to Bob, who homodyne detects and then applies a Gaussian weighting function. (b) Effective EB scheme: Alice distributes one arm of an EPR pair and makes a heterodyne measurement, obtaining measurement results equivalent to (xA,pA). Bob first passes his arm through an NLA, classically amplifies via a vacuum-seeded two-mode squeezer (TMS), then mixes his mode with one arm of another entangled pair (EPRB ) on a beamsplitter. He finally homodyne detects and obtains exactly the measurement results from the P&M scheme. The heralding signal of the NLA is given to Eve but the unmeasured ancillae are kept within Bob’s station. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-equivalent-entanglement-based-version-of-1xwf433d.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Equivalent entanglement-based version of a postselected protocol. Alice distributes one arm of an entangled state through Eve’s domain to Bob and makes a projective measurementUA (giving classic output a) corresponding to an ensemble of states sent in a prepare-and-measure scheme. Bob passes his arm first through a device that probabilistically distills entanglement, UD , and then makes a potentially noisy measurement, UB , giving classical output bPS. The heralding signal of UD (h) is given to Eve but the remaining ancillae are kept within the stations of Alice and Bob. https://scispace.com/papers/security-issues-in-the-electronic-transmission-of-jh5u2704gs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-attribute-certificate-el3g3ro9.png Figure 5. Attribute certificate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pharmacy-2u-consortium-model-ajnur1rq.png Figure 2. Pharmacy 2U Consortium model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-university-of-salford-etp-model-657lj3fw.png Figure 4. University of Salford ETP model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schlumbergersema-consortium-model-2g6zly9b.png Figure 3. SchlumbergerSema Consortium model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-transcript-consortium-model-9x1aorit.png Figure 1. Transcript consortium model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-attribute-certificate-information-mwmf22at.png Figure 6. Attribute certificate information. https://scispace.com/papers/security-of-internet-of-things-for-a-reliable-internet-of-412wq7fa87 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-generic-architecture-of-iot-xyci7hln.png Fig. 1. Generic architecture of IoT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-standardized-protocol-stack-ermgf7hn.png Fig. 2. Standardized protocol stack https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-intrusion-detection-systems-2811f9g8.png Fig. 5. Intrusion detection systems https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cryptography-based-security-solutions-for-low-power-2ym4ccei.png Fig. 4. Cryptography-based security solutions for low power and lossy networks https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-categorization-of-the-studies-that-analyze-the-d-dos-i64m6byf.png Table 2. Categorization of the studies that analyze the D/DoS attacks for IoT https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-target-attacks-implementation-environments-of-3t9ifxun.png Table 5. Target attacks & Implementation environments of intrusion detection systems for IoT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-example-rpl-network-1fejvmla.png Fig. 3. An example RPL network https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-d-dos-attacks-which-may-target-iot-networks-1abzlxfk.png Table 1. D/DoS attacks which may target IoT networks https://scispace.com/papers/security-vs-performance-tradeoffs-using-a-trust-framework-2i2apu5f9g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-protocol-2m5d6nma.png Figure 1. Example Protocol https://scispace.com/papers/sedatives-in-neurocritical-care-an-update-on-pharmacological-49cru75wfn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-3si7yld0.png Table 1: Comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of sedative agents in the ICU https://scispace.com/papers/sediment-penetration-depths-of-epi-and-infaunal-ostracods-2yjb0vocyu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relative-individual-abundances-along-sediment-depth-13zfhi48.png Fig. 2 Relative individual abundances along sediment depth profile for the ‘Selected’ data set (see text). Grey bars indicate graphs build with N \ 10. For H. reptans, Ad/s stands for adults of the Summer generation, Ad/w for adults of the Winter generation. The same labelling is used for the juvenile instars https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-significance-tests-given-as-p-between-3n7856w8.png Table 4 Results of significance tests, given as P, between MPDs calculated for each development stage at the three different sites (e.g. Ad 13 m vs. Ad 33 m, Ad 13 m vs. Ad 70 m, etc.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-arithmetic-mean-of-individual-sediment-penetration-oe6sr61m.png Table 1 Arithmetic mean of individual sediment penetration depth (MPD), number of individuals used for calculation (N), and 95% confidence interval (CI) for ‘Selected’ and ‘Slow’ data set (see text) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-significance-tests-students-t-test-or-3ikyd73l.png Table 3 Results of significance tests (Student’s t-test or Welch–Aspin test, see text), given as P, between MPDs calculated for each development stage (e.g. Ad vs. A-1, Ad vs. A-1, etc.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-individual-penetration-depths-mpds-calculated-1c9m4hq5.png Table 5 Mean individual penetration depths (MPDs) calculated for ‘Ad ? A-1’ and classification of the different populations in term of habitat preferences: ‘MPD rank’ stands for the ranking of the populations according to their respective MPDs, ‘PCA group’ stands for the regrouping obtained from PCA and cluster analysis, ‘[50% in 0–0.5 cm’ stands for populations having more than 50% of their individuals (‘Ad ? A-1’) in the top 0.5 cm https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-16vn4wvq.png Table 1 Arithmetic mean of individual sediment penetration depth (MPD), number of individuals used for calculation (N), and 95% confidence interval (CI) for ‘Selected’ and ‘Slow’ data set (see text) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geographical-setting-of-lake-geneva-and-sampling-sites-3cfodq50.png Fig. 1 Geographical setting of Lake Geneva and sampling sites https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cumulative-histograms-of-relative-ad-a-1-individual-3jo8mug9.png Fig. 4 Cumulative histograms of relative ‘Ad ? A-1’ individual abundances along sediment depth profiles obtained for the different populations. Populations were regrouped according to the results of the PCA and cluster analysis. Grey symbols were used to represent population for which more than 50% of the ‘Ad ? A-1’ individuals were found in the top 0.5 cm of sediment https://scispace.com/papers/sediment-water-exchange-of-nutrients-in-the-marsdiep-basin-2i7zrnaecm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sediment-water-exchange-of-po4-dic-and-nh4-for-3fo5e542.png Figure 4 Sediment-water exchange of PO4, DIC and NH4 for stations 2, 5, 6, 11 and 17. Note the different scale for station 6. The black bars indicate the fluxes predicted by the Kristensen&Hansen approach while the grey bars show the flux predicted according to the Fick’s law approach. Positive values indicate downward fluxes (i.e., into the https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-general-sediment-characteristics-from-the-stations-2gzv1skc.png Table 2 General sediment characteristics from the stations sampled seasonally. Values given are averaged for the first 10 cm depth and based on 15 sampled intervals. Values for exchangeable P are based on 8 sampled intervals and taken from Leote et al. (2014). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-the-marsdiep-basin-western-wadden-sea-e3uw0p28.png Figure 1 Location of the Marsdiep basin, western Wadden Sea. The stations that were seasonally sampled (2, 5, 6, 11, 14 and 17) are identified with a circle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-porewater-profiles-of-po4-dic-nh4-and-si-2yff042l.png Figure 3 Porewater profiles of PO4, DIC, NH4 and Si concentration for stations 2, 11, 17, 5 and 6 in February 2010, May 2010 and November 2009. The small insets on station 6 correspond to a detailed view of the concentrations in the top 2 cm of the profile. The https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-phosphate-release-in-moles-per-day-for-the-months-ldfhbn5l.png Figure 7 Phosphate release (in moles per day) for the months of February 2010, April 2009, May and September 2010 and November 2009 extrapolated for the Marsdiep basin. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-nutrient-limitation-diagrams-applied-to-the-u9ht1s0e.png Figure 6 Nutrient limitation diagrams applied to the measured sediment-water exchange indicating a lower relative release of PO4 and Si compared with DIN considering the demand for phytoplankton growth given by the Redfield-Brzezinski ratio (Rocha et al. 2002). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-content-of-silt-versus-organic-c-and-exchangeable-p-3t0okx62.png Figure 2 Content of silt versus organic C and exchangeable P contents (from Leote et al. 2014). Note the approximate linear relationship between silt content and organic https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sorption-parameters-from-station-6-oxygen-2oyajtpo.png Table 4 Sorption parameters from station 6: oxygen penetration depth, rate of PO4 retained and relative retention, maximum sorption depth and specific sorption rate https://scispace.com/papers/sediment-transport-in-rill-flow-under-deposition-and-1inux5b5ey 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-sediment-concentrations-flow-width-and-flow-1wpxuxk5.png Table 2 Mean sediment concentrations, flow width, and flow depth for the two sediment transport regimes: (a) no sediment added to the upper end of the rill and (b) sediment added to the upper end of the rill https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-darcy-weisbach-hydraulic-friction-factor-as-a-function-2c93fp2v.png Fig. 4. Darcy–Weisbach hydraulic friction factor as a function of sediment concentration for the cases of sediment added and no sediment added at both 6 and 9 l min 1 flow discharge rates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-time-equilibrium-sediment-concentrations-as-a-1d7r47w5.png Fig. 3. Average time equilibrium sediment concentrations as a function of rill length for the cases of sediment added and no sediment added at 9 l min 1 flow discharge rate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-time-equilibrium-sediment-concentrations-as-a-fg3aj34v.png Fig. 2. Average time equilibrium sediment concentrations as a function of rill length for the cases of sediment added and no sediment added at 6 l min 1 flow discharge rate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-size-distribution-and-sediment-load-by-size-class-of-2811p3ud.png Table 1 Size distribution and sediment load by size class of eroded aggregates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sediment-concentrations-as-a-function-of-time-during-2dtvfsrk.png Fig. 1. Sediment concentrations as a function of time during the experiment for the case of the 2-m rill at a flow rate of 6 l min 1. Periods 1, 3, and 5 represent the case of no sediment added and periods 2, 4, and 6 represent the case of excess sediment added to the upper end of the rill. https://scispace.com/papers/sedimentological-parameters-and-dating-of-post-barreiras-4gzmxyreod 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-block-diagram-of-the-raised-occurrence-areas-of-311be5bh.png Figure 4 – Block diagram of the raised occurrence areas of Post-Barreiras sediments in the southern area of Ilhéus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-map-of-the-study-area-1hypti1h.png Figure 1 – Location map of the study area https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-geomorphological-map-of-the-coast-of-ilheus-1lnnfgf2.png Figure 2 - Geomorphological Map of the Coast of Ilhéus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-standard-stratigraphic-occurrence-areas-of-post-834hhfu0.png Figure 3 - Standard stratigraphic occurrence areas of Post-Barreiras. https://scispace.com/papers/see-color-an-extended-sensory-substitution-device-for-the-3crmjbrp6e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-grasping-objects-experiment-32x9cv1w.png Figure 9: Grasping objects experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-empirical-association-of-colors-and-instruments-pc61nu75.png Figure 2: Empirical association of colors and instruments sounds in See CoLOr: Oboe for red; viola for orange; pizzicato violin for yellow; flute for green; Trumpet for cyan; piano for blue; and saxophone for purple. The duration of the sound is defined by the distance of the pixel: the closer the pixel the shorter the sound. The distance of the pixel is given by the 3D camera. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-awareness-of-a-wall-experiment-39ddj64z.png Figure 7: Awareness of a wall experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-results-first-experiment-awareness-of-a-wall-from-1hivpr3l.png Figure 11: Results first experiment “Awareness of a wall” from 8, 5 and 3 meters. With (!) and without an alerting system on. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-to-left-of-this-figure-the-sonification-with-the-1l8es5yd.png Figure 3: To left of this figure the sonification with the local module is illustrated. There are 25 pixels and 25 sources in this module. To effects of visualization however, only 3 and 8 are respectively displayed. Note that when the row of 25 pixels (points) related to the central part of the image is mapped into sound; it is also augmented to cover the whole azimuth-frontal auditory field. To the right of this figure an illustration of the sonification with the global module is presented. Now, only the pixel tapped with the fingertip is sonified. Note that the use of spatialized sounds gives the user awareness of the lateral position of the point (from left to right). In this illustration, therefore, the source matches the position of the point horizontally, but not in elevation. It is well known that rendering elevation is much more complicated than lateralization [37]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-spinning-chair-experiment-detecting-a-colored-10eonkwv.png Figure 6: The spinning chair experiment (Detecting a colored target). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-results-first-experiment-detecting-a-colored-2gmhx4iv.png Figure 10: Results first experiment “Detecting a colored target”. Trials correspond to random, 90°, 180°, 270°, and 0° location of the target respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-random-pictures-of-our-experiments-leftmost-a-1t2dgfl6.png Figure 14: Random pictures of our experiments. Leftmost: a blind individual finding a red target, while sippining on a chair. Left: a blind individual sensing a wall. Right: A blind person finding someone. Rightmost: A blind participant grasping targeted items. https://scispace.com/papers/sedimentation-on-intertidal-mudflats-in-the-lower-part-of-35r9tbr4m3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3caxx1qx.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2p0asvh2.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/seed-banks-salmon-and-sleeping-genes-effective-population-2oy15anhqk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-simulated-demographic-and-genetic-data-for-selected-346a44ou.png Table 2: Simulated demographic and genetic data for selected generations of a semelparous species with salmon age structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-contrasting-patterns-of-variation-in-population-14o1zeyf.png Figure 2: Contrasting patterns of variation in population size in the two models. In the seed-bank model (top), Nt is a random, lognormally distributed variable. Data shown are one time series with of variability in #. In the salmon model (bottom), variation in Nt isJ p index N p 25N generated by random, lognormal variation in l, resulting in a higher-order Markov process. Shown are three replicate time series with j p 1.0l and . In both models, initial , and population size was constrained by .T p 4 N p 100 2 ≤ N ≤ 30,0000 t https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-observed-f-obs-f-and-expected-f-e-f-3l3rfhlx.png Figure 4: Comparison of observed f (Obs[f ]) and expected f (E[f ]) for the individual-based salmon model but with variable population size ( ; ). For each time series, E(f ) was computed from equation (6) based on three different ways of calculating Ne; Obs (f ) is theN p 100 j p 1.00 l arithmetic mean f across 1,000 replicates of the gene sampling process. A, Age structure similar to that of annual plants with seed banks. B, Age structure typical of Pacific salmon. Asterisks show geometric mean ratios. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-relationship-between-the-true-ne-nt-ratio-eq-4-and-2yev0eep.png Figure 7: Relationship between the true Ne/NT ratio (eq. [4]) and that predicted by equations (7) (filled circles) and (8) (open circles). Each data point represents Ne/NT for a single generation of years. In A and B, Nt and values were chosen randomly and independently from lognormalT p 4 kt distributions with , , and (A) or 2.0 (B). In C, data for 200 consecutive generations in the seed-N p 200 k p mean k p 2 CV(N ) p CV(k ) p 0.5tt ∗ t t bank model with # and initial .J p J p 25 N p 100N C 0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-observed-f-obs-f-and-expected-f-e-f-26q2lyti.png Figure 3: Comparison of observed f (Obs[f ]) and expected f (E[f ]) for the individual-based salmon model with constant population size N pt . Obs(f) was averaged across 1,000 replicates; E(f ) was calculated using equation (6), and Ne each . A, Salmon age100 generation p TN p Nt T structure; maturity at ages 3, 4, or 5 years. Vertical dashed lines identify the nominal generations. B, Distribution of the ratios Obs(f )/E(f ) for 100 replicate time series using three different age structures. Obs(f ) and E(f) were calculated as the difference between values at generation 4 and the final generation. Asterisks indicate geometric mean ratios. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ne-nt-as-a-function-of-generation-length-and-3a86j3bc.png Figure 6: Ne/NT as a function of generation length and variability in Nt and Ct in the seed-bank model. For each parameter set, Ne/NT was calculated using equation (5) based on realized mean and variance in reproductive success over a generation ( ,Vk), and the result was compared with estimatesK based on the harmonic mean method ( ; eq. [2]) and Nunney’s model ( ; eq. [1]). Top, seed production is constant at˜ ˜N ≈ TN N ≈ N [T 1]Ne t e t t ; # and 50#. Bottom, # and Ct varies across years, with # or 50#.C p 100 J p 4 J p 25 J p 4N N C https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notation-23qtrpo8.png Table 1: Notation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ne-nt-as-a-function-of-age-structure-and-generation-2cfliddd.png Figure 5: Ne/NT as a function of age structure and generation length for simulated demographic data in the salmon model. In each simulation, geometric mean and . The time series of Nt and values was used to calculate Ne three ways, with results for equation (4) (blackN ≈ 200 j p 1.0 kt l t circles) and the harmonic mean method ( ; open circles) expressed as a fraction of the values for the arithmetic mean method (˜N p TN N pe t e ; gray circles). Plotted values are geometric mean ratios of multigeneration Ne values. A, Maturity at 3 consecutive years, with probabilitiesTN p NTt 0.25, 0.5, and 0.25. B, Maturity at 5 consecutive years, with probabilities 0.12, 0.22, 0.32, 0.22, and 0.12. Variation in generation length was achieved by varying age at first maturity. https://scispace.com/papers/sedimentology-of-the-lower-serpukhovian-upper-mississippian-47ns9j6psb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-paleogeographic-model-for-the-red-beds-of-the-p0g9oh48.png Fig. 11. Paleogeographic model for the red beds of the Arsnbergian Claremont Formation. https://scispace.com/papers/seed-germination-and-seedling-allogamy-in-rosmarinus-3bsfby5qwa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2ohizbj3.png Table 5. https://scispace.com/papers/seed-degeneration-of-banana-planting-materials-strategies-1ybga0n12b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagram-of-the-successive-cycles-of-sourcing-and-2g1hybw0.png Figure 1 Diagram of the successive cycles of sourcing and using banana planting materials. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-key-practices-to-reduce-the-presence-of-each-pest-2y27c2tc.png Table 3 Key practices to reduce the presence of each pest and pathogen using different multiplication practices. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multiplication-rates-and-infrastructure-needs-for-2ok1sah3.png Table 2 Multiplication rates and infrastructure needs for multiplication methods to generate banana planting materials. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-measures-to-contribute-to-planting-material-health-3p5niwsi.png Table 5 Measures to contribute to planting material health for five cases identified using the seed degeneration analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/seed-storage-protein-variation-in-arachis-species-3jzng7ti7d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-arachis-hypogaea-accessions-screened-for-polymorphic-2chusy2n.png Table 2. Arachis hypogaea accessions screened for polymorphic seed proteins 489 https://scispace.com/papers/seeds-direct-imaging-of-the-rv-detected-companion-to-v450-4a8bgahsaf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-top-the-lomb-scargle-periodogram-of-the-hipparcos-1y1n0o4k.png Figure 2. Top: the Lomb–Scargle periodogram of the Hipparcos photometry, with the most distinct peak at P=5.743 day marked. Bottom: the Hipparcos data phase-folded with the 5.743 day period. For clarity, we replot the data with open symbols for phases <0 and >1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observing-log-for-unsaturated-data-2ksyolpg.png Table 1 Observing Log for Unsaturated Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-astrometric-measurements-jzen3486.png Table 2 Astrometric Measurements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mcmc-posterior-distributions-of-the-varying-2m448456.png Figure 5. MCMC posterior distributions of the varying parameters. Best-fit values are marked with black vertical lines, while the dark and light blue ranges represent the 68.3% and 95.4% (1σ and 2σ) confidence levels, respectively. The consecutive offsets (γ) are for the ELODIE, Hamilton, and SOPHIE instruments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-two-dimensional-density-plot-for-comparison-of-the-dfy76e2j.png Figure 6. Two-dimensional density plot for comparison of the final posterior density function for m1 and m2. Dashed contours indicate the s3 , s2 , and s1 confidence levels, with the best fit and median values as solid blue and red lines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-the-ispec-spectral-analysis-ym2ftxkm.png Table 5 Results of the iSpec Spectral Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-continued-prkhsfyi.png Table 7 (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-the-joint-astrometric-rv-keplerian-28boubxo.png Table 4 Results of the Joint Astrometric+RV Keplerian Orbital Fit https://scispace.com/papers/seeing-inside-the-black-box-using-diffusion-index-jbwhgtxuuv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-monte-carlo-experiment-results-1epcai2c.png Table 2: Monte Carlo Experiment Results∗ https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-predictive-performance-of-various-models-for-price-3f5wt0l1.png Table 5: Predictive Performance of Various Models for Price Variables∗ https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-predictive-performance-of-various-models-for-output-1uid6ivn.png Table 6: Predictive Performance of Various Models for Output, Employment and Sales Variables∗ https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-frequency-of-selected-factor-proxies-fco1mwrt.png Table 4: Frequency of Selected Factor Proxies∗ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-estimated-factors-and-most-frequently-selected-1qik1tnc.png Figure 1: Estimated Factors and Most Frequently Selected Factor Proxies https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-monte-carlo-experiment-descriptive-statistics-omrzvawu.png Table 3: Monte Carlo Experiment Descriptive Statistics∗ https://scispace.com/papers/seeing-the-smart-city-on-twitter-colour-and-the-affective-zv84c6ywua 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-hashtags-used-as-search-terms-and-number-of-1amfvnnp.png Table 1: the hashtags used as search terms, and number of tweets collected for each hashtag https://scispace.com/papers/segmental-and-normal-mode-dielectric-relaxation-of-poly-49x2o8o4h2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pressure-dependence-of-the-dielectric-strength-for-2wtd568s.png Figure 4. Pressure dependence of the dielectric strength for segmental (solid symbols) and normal (hollow) modes at the indicated temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-normal-left-panel-and-segmental-right-panel-modes-2x28ic3m.png Figure 3. Normal (left panel) and segmental (right panel) modes at the indicated temperatures and pressures. The spectra were horizontally and vertically shifted to superimpose the higher-frequency segmental relaxation peaks. Note the expanded ordinate scale for the normal modes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-hydrogen-bonded-glass-formers-234gv9sz.png Table 1. Comparison of Hydrogen-Bonded Glass Formers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relaxation-times-defined-from-the-maxima-in-the-3szhxjd5.png Figure 1. Relaxation times, defined from the maxima in the dielectric loss, for the segmental and normal modes at the indicated temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-activation-volumes-determined-herein-for-segmental-24yj1evt.png Figure 2. Activation volumes determined herein for segmental (■) and normal ( ) modes in PPG4000. Also shown are the values reported by Andersson and Andersson15 for the segmental ( ) and normal (ƒ) modes and by Williams12 for the segmental mode (Œ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-temperature-at-which-local-segmental-relaxation-2vldrayj.png Figure 5. Temperature at which local segmental relaxation time equals 1 s versus pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-thermal-expansion-coefficients-for-isochronic-f-and-3bgys4wl.png Figure 6. Thermal-expansion coefficients for isochronic (F) and isobaric (Œ) conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/segmental-order-parameters-in-a-nonionic-surfactant-lamellar-1awy0rzxa6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-13c-nmr-spectrum-of-a-c12e5-d2o-mixture-with-57-7-wt-1g9eyunr.png Fig. 3 13C NMR spectrum of a C12E5/D2O mixture with 57.7 wt% C12E5 at 300 K. https://scispace.com/papers/segmenting-and-predicting-musical-phrase-structure-exploits-7yvzniends 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-stimulus-manipulation-and-experimental-paradigm-a-23puie7l.png Fig. 1. Stimulus manipulation and experimental paradigm. (A) Reversal manipulation. 10 Bach chorales (Original, top) were subjected to two reversal conditions: Global reversal (bottom) - the order of beats of an entire music piece was temporally reversed; and Local reversal (middle) – the middle part of the musical phrases of each piece was reversed. The harmonic progressions of musical phrases, suggested by the dashed tree structures, were hypothesized to be preserved in the Original and the Global reversal conditions but not in the Local reversal condition. (B) Example excerpt. The first two phrases of a piece demonstrate the reversal manipulations. Neural signals should lock to the phrasal structures in the Original (top) and Global reversal (bottom) conditions but to a lesser degree in the Local reversal (middle) condition, illustrated by the wave amplitude. Based on findings in speech segmentation (Teng et al., 2020), the preserved harmonic progressions enable listeners to anticipate phrasal boundaries at the structural level. This can be demonstrated by phrasesegmenting neural signals increasingly advancing faster than the musical structures unfolded physically – the phenomenon of phase precession. (C) Experimental paradigm and analysis. Participants listened to each piece while undergoing EEG recording and rated how much they liked each piece. We extracted shared neural components across the participants using multiway canonical correlation analysis (MCCA) (top right) and selected the component that explained the largest variance. We first conducted one Fourier decomposition to measure beat/note tracking around 1 Hz and derived temporal response function (TRF) and cerebral-acoustic coherence (Cacoh). We conducted the second Fourier decomposition that revealed how the power of neural signals was modulated by the phrasal structures around 0.1 Hz and derived TRFs using four different musical criteria. Lastly, we quantified phrasal phase precession in a neural-phase and phrasal-boundary plane: precession occurs when neural phase advances faster than phrasal boundaries; phase recession occurs, otherwise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-neural-tracking-of-beats-and-notes-a-cerebro-acoustic-2glhx3is.png Fig. 2. Neural tracking of beats and notes. (A) Cerebro-acoustic coherence (Cacoh) for notes (N) and beats (B) at each tempo. Line color indicates the reversal condition. The three conditions Original, Local, and Global are shown in each panel, but only the Original condition can be seen because the three conditions highly overlap. (B) Tempo modulates neural tracking of beats and notes. Increasing tempo positively modulates beat tracking (p < .05) but negatively modulates note tracking (p < .05). (C) Correlation between Cacoh and music training score. We used the GOLD-MSI questionnaire to quantify how much musical training each participant received and correlated the score of this subscale with Cacoh. (D) Temporal response function (TRF) for each condition and tempo. We identified two periods (shaded boxes) showing significant differences (p < .01) across all conditions and tempi. Line shade codes for the tempo. The dashed lines indicate the boundaries of the permutation test. (E) Root mean square (RMS) of TRF within each period. We calculated RMS within each significant period and found that the tempo positively modulated both periods (p < .05). In the late period, we found a main effect of conditions (p < .05); the RMS of the original condition is larger than the global reversal (p < .05). (F) Correlation between RMS and music training score. We correlated RMS of each period with the music training score and found a significant positive correlation in the early period (p < .05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spectral-and-temporal-analyses-of-musical-phrase-3nzji6ts.png Fig. 3. Spectral and temporal analyses of musical phrase segmentation. (A) Modulation spectra of EEG power. The modulation spectrum for each frequency of EEG power at each tempo was computed, averaged over the three conditions. The y-axis indicates the frequency of EEG power; x-axis the frequency of EEG power modulation. (B) EEG power of an example piece modulated by phrasal structure. The longest music piece in the original condition at each tempo was selected. The dashed vertical lines mark the phrasal boundaries. The fluctuations of EEG power are locked to the phrase boundaries. (C) Modulation spectra at the beat rate. We show the modulation spectrum at the beat rate for each condition (color code as in Fig. 1) and each tempo. The horizontal dashed lines indicate the threshold derived from the surrogate tests in the spectral domain. The shaded areas of color represent ±1 standard error of the mean over participants. The gray shaded areas represent frequency ranges with modulation amplitude above the thresholds around the fundamental frequency (F0) and the first harmonic (F1) of the phrase rate. (D) Correlation between musical training score and EEG power modulation of each reversal condition around F0. (E) TRF of phrasal boundaries. We calculated the TRF of EEG power using the phrasal boundaries as the regressor. The x axis is marked in the number of beats; the doublearrow line indicates the beat length at each tempo. Importantly, the TRFs of phrasal boundaries started to progress two beats before the phrasal boundaries, indicating a prediction of the phrasal boundaries. The shaded areas of color represent ±1 standard error of the mean over participants. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-phrasal-phase-precession-a-phase-series-of-group-1g6y3707.png Fig. 4. Phrasal phase precession. (A) Phase series of group-averaged EEG power of an example music piece (left panel). The phase of zero indicates where the peaks of cosine waves should be. The neural phases at the phrasal boundaries in the Original and the Global reversal conditions are advancing (tilting upwards) as the phrasal structures unfold (right panel). (B) Distribution of neural phases around phrasal boundaries. Cosine waves were plotted in both panels with the phase of zero aligning with the phrasal boundary. The bars indicate neural phases at the phrasal boundaries in the right panel of (A). In the Original condition, neural peaks lagged behind phrasal boundaries in the beginning but predicted phrasal boundaries after the fourth phrase; an opposite pattern was observed in the Local reversal condition. See Fig. S5 for the Global reversal. (C) Schematic indication of phase precession. As the phrasal phase precession occurs, time is warped mentally (top panel). Phrase-segmenting neural components followed the phrasal boundaries in the Local reversal condition but predicted the incoming phrasal boundaries in the Original condition by the end of the music piece (bottom panel). (D) Shifted modulation spectral peak. The peak frequencies of neural signals in the Original and Global reversal conditions are higher than the phrase rate. (E) Phrase Phasal Precession index (PPPi). We fit a line between the phrasal boundary number and the unwrapped boundary phase series. If no phase precession occurs, the slope is 2×pi (dashed line). The difference between the slope of each condition and 2×pi is indicated as PPPi and represents the degree and the direction of phase precession. (F) PPPi for each music piece. We calculated PPPi within the significant frequency ranges determined in Fig. 3C. (G) Averaged PPPi for each condition. The reversal manipulation modulated the phase precession (see main text). The error bars represented ±1 standard error of the mean over 9 music pieces. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5b-but-in-the-upper-panel-using-the-pre-defined-phrasal-1pe8vymi.png Fig. 5B, but in the upper panel using the pre-defined phrasal boundaries whereas in the lower panel using the new phrasal boundaries. It can be clearly seen in the lower panel that the neural phrases led over the phrasal boundaries by the end of the music piece. https://scispace.com/papers/segmenting-discourse-incorporating-interpretation-into-37y43pxbu6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-coherence-relation-between-a-proposition-and-a-s8nmpmqo.png Figure 2: Coherence relation between a proposition and a proposition embedded in a mental space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-coherence-relation-embedded-in-a-mental-space-1zsywyxp.png Figure 1: Coherence relation embedded in a mental space. https://scispace.com/papers/segmentation-of-retinal-vessels-in-adaptive-optics-images-1u94x5u4j3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-isolines-definition-202y06j6.png Fig. 4. Isolines definition https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-shows-the-results-obtained-on-db1-with-the-previous-1xiqqa0l.png Table 1 shows the results obtained on DB1 with the previous presegmentation method (TRACK+CPS) [9] and the new one (ISO+CPS). For the database DB1, the process of ISO+CPS is fully automatic, as for the method TRACK+CPS, since we only consider one pair of external borders in TR1. In Table 1, we observe that the ISO+CPS algorithm leads to slightly less accurate measures than TRACK+CPS. The difference is inferior to 1% for the inner and outer radii and inferior to 2% for the wall thickness, which is a very sensitive measurement. The unit displacement along curves indicates that the difference between the two models is inferior to 1 pixel, i.e. 1.6 µm. The p-values (Table 1) calculated to compare the means values of )(),( sAMr obtained by TRACK+CPS vs. ISO+CPS, are superior to 5% (Wilcoxon test [14]), so the difference between the two methods on DB1is negligible. Finally, the inter-physician error is about two pixels, so we can conclude that the two models lead to a very good accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-statistics-on-db1-and-db2-with-the-quadratic-error-u8s4qtgf.png Table 4 Statistics on DB1 and DB2 with the quadratic error, in %. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-auto-vs-phyref-for-track-pcs-and-iso-cps-models-and-3szbs1yj.png Table 2 Auto vs. Phyref for TRACK+PCS and ISO+CPS models, and inter-physician relative error for inner radius, outer radius and perivascular inflammation thickness, evaluated on DB2, values in %. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-intra-physician-variability-for-the-inner-radius-ir-1nsbx8ud.png Table 3 Intra-physician variability for the inner radius (IR), the outer radius (OR), and the perivascular inflammation thickness (WT), evaluated on DB2, values in %. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-illustration-of-intra-left-and-inter-physician-right-3bc3byik.png Fig. 9 Illustration of intra- (left) and inter-physician (right) variability, with relative error values in %. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-image-of-healthy-retinal-artery-and-vein-acquired-2g6eyccd.png Fig. 1. a) Image of healthy retinal artery and vein acquired with the Rtx1 camera [6] [7]; b) Detailed view of a healthy artery; c) Image of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-accurate-left-and-not-accurate-right-automatic-13949hrq.png Fig. 11 Accurate (left) and not accurate (right) automatic (magenta) vs. manual segmentation (cyan); relative error values in %. https://scispace.com/papers/segregation-of-floricolous-ants-along-latitudinal-and-1qt53rb4er 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pie-chart-of-the-relative-presence-and-probability-of-p6jb3mr7.png Fig 2. Pie chart of the relative presence and probability of presence along latitudinal and 175 urbanization gradients of the nine taxa studied. (B to K) Lines represent prediction from 176 generalized linear models similar to the ones presented in the methods except that the relative 177 urbanization effect was treated as a factor with two levels: low (grey) and high (black), each 178 corresponding to half of the collections with respectively the lowest and highest values of 179 relative urbanization. 180 181 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-locations-of-collections-and-urbanization-in-2l3fz8sr.png Fig 1. Locations of collections and urbanization in Continental France. In both maps, 126 Continental France is represented in light grey and the other emerged areas are represented in 127 dark grey. (A) Collections with ant are represented by black dots and without by grey triangles. 128 (B) Urbanized areas are represented in black and other land uses in light grey. 129 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-occurrences-of-the-10-taxa-studied-157-taxa-levels-25vu8q2o.png Table 1. Occurrences of the 10 taxa studied. 157 Taxa levels https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-minimum-adequate-models-for-each-of-the-nine-ant-11de0tum.png Table 2. Minimum adequate models for each of the nine ant groups. 208 Ant (Formicidae) Formicinae https://scispace.com/papers/seismic-behavior-of-screen-grid-core-insulated-concrete-form-431fedrsb4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-measured-stiffness-of-sgicf-walls-from-the-free-2ml80mox.png Table 3-4 Measured stiffness of SGICF walls from the free vibration tests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-compression-concentric-struts-analogy-3v8rk8ts.png Figure 6.1 Compression concentric struts analogy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-instrumentation-layout-for-set-no-2-beams-4k0gmguw.png Figure 4.4 Instrumentation layout for set no.2 beams. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-instrumentation-layout-for-set-no-1-beams-1n8hb9l0.png Figure 4.3 Instrumentation layout for set no.1 beams. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-20-location-of-strain-gauges-for-grc-and-g-fb-qqs84dzg.png Figure 3.20 Location of strain gauges for GRC and G-FB specimens. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-6-discretized-fiber-section-3h9prykd.png Figure 6.6 Discretized fiber section. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-6-sgicf-wall-foundation-block-detail-2kv3jjp0.png Figure 3.6 SGICF wall foundation block detail. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-standard-eps-block-detail-12xd3dcm.png Figure 3.1 Standard EPS block detail. https://scispace.com/papers/seismic-behavior-of-rc-columns-flexurally-strengthened-with-4kws0wxff9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-summary-of-peak-results-24anq2jp.png Table 7. Summary of peak results https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-assumed-concrete-properties-for-each-column-3f5fvyc9.png Table 4. Assumed concrete properties for each column https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-hysteresis-loops-in-the-third-stage-of-testing-column-1nvp3nax.png Fig. 15. Hysteresis loops in the third stage of testing – Column 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-hysteresis-loops-in-the-first-stage-of-testing-column-97l419ej.png Fig. 10. Hysteresis loops in the first stage of testing – Column 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-experimentally-obtained-versus-calculated-backbone-j992cky6.png Fig. 19. Experimentally obtained versus calculated backbone curves https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-manufacturer-specified-resin-material-properties-1wpfacm5.png Table 3. Manufacturer-specified resin material properties (SIKA 2013a) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-hysteresis-loops-in-the-second-stage-of-testing-3bsv3dn1.png Fig. 12. Hysteresis loops in the second stage of testing – Column 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-frp-design-details-18bjx5z2.png Table 5. FRP design details https://scispace.com/papers/seismic-indicators-of-focused-fluid-flow-and-cross-39wopvzltf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7bwnw-ene-27oc1h4q.png Fig. 7BWNW ENE https://scispace.com/papers/seismic-hazard-epistemic-uncertainty-in-the-san-francisco-45vbmgjs7x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-the-effect-of-various-attenuation-1hsjq1wa.png Figure 3. Illustration of the effect of various attenuation relations on the mean hazard curve in San Francisco using the two different ground motion prediction equation sets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dispersion-of-epistemic-uncertainty-at-1-2-in-30-2d2khnvg.png Table 1: Dispersion of epistemic uncertainty at 1.2% in 30 years probability of exceedance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-illustration-of-correlation-of-epistemic-1snu74qx.png Figure 8. Illustration of correlation of epistemic uncertainty in the ground motion hazard curve for (a) intensity measure values close in absolute magnitude; and (b) intensity measure values distant in absolute magnitude. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effect-of-correlation-on-ground-motion-hazard-2so8stj5.png Figure 7. Effect of correlation on ground motion hazard generation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-uncertainty-propagation-methods-13bw7001.png Table 2: summary of uncertainty propagation methods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-distribution-of-collapse-probability-obtained-1x3gbgcr.png Figure 11. Distribution of collapse probability obtained using different uncertainty propagation methods: (a) only seismic hazard epistemic uncertainty; and (b) epistemic uncertainty in both seismic hazard and collapse capacity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-earthquake-rupture-forecast-erf-1ahlyzrv.png Figure 1. Illustration of earthquake rupture forecast (ERF) epistemic uncertainty in the peak ground acceleration hazard curve for a site (Vs(30)=760 m/s) in the San Francisco bay area using the Campbell and Bozorgnia (2003) prediction equation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-effect-of-correlation-assumption-on-the-4kgcbys3.png Figure 10. Effect of correlation assumption on the distribution of the 30 year probability of collapse. https://scispace.com/papers/seismic-inversion-of-soil-damping-and-stiffness-using-9rt2ceix9i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-comparison-between-the-attenuation-curves-of-the-3nzvg2yz.png Figure 12. Comparison between the attenuation curves of the fundamentalmode Scholte wave. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-material-damping-inversion-results-for-the-91vvx4bi.png Figure 3. Material damping inversion results for the synthetic test soil profile. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-damping-inversion-settings-for-the-north-sea-dataset-zuj0waz1.png Table 6. Damping inversion settings for the North Sea dataset. SD refers to ‘standard deviation’ indicating that at every update the search boundaries are reset to 1 standard deviation from the mean value based on the top 3 per cent of the population. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-reduced-soil-profile-z-mean-top-3-per-cent-and-1gfuv2ew.png Table 7. Reduced soil profile ζ mean top 3 per cent and maximum and minimum estimations for the Scholte wave inversion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-scholte-wave-material-damping-ratio-profile-3cgue6l5.png Figure 6. Scholte wave material-damping ratio profile estimate for the North Sea data set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-extracted-modal-damping-curves-from-the-north-sea-3be31n55.png Figure 7. Extracted modal damping curves from the North Sea data set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-shear-modulus-profile-estimated-from-the-north-sea-gpia9azl.png Figure 4. Shear-modulus profile estimated from the North Sea data set based on Scholte waves (red line) and Love waves (blue line). The solid line shows the mean estimate of the multimodal inversion while the dotted lines show the range of values from the top 15 per cent of the population. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-top-panel-measured-data-in-time-space-domain-left-3spdxscb.png Figure 5. Top panel: measured data in time–space domain (Left-hand panel: Uz(x, t), Right-hand panel: Uy(x, t)). Mid panel: measured data in frequency– wavenumber domain (Left-hand panel: Ũz(kr , ω) , Right-hand panel: Ũy (kl , ω)). Bottom panel: model-based modal wavenumber locations of the shear-modulus inversion plotted over measured data. (Left-hand panel: Scholte wave, Right-hand panel: Love wave). https://scispace.com/papers/seismic-loss-assessment-of-typical-rc-frame-core-tube-tall-3rvvbgr28l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-median-values-of-the-repair-cost-for-buildings-2a-3uy7kwv7.png Figure 4 Median values of the repair cost for Buildings 2A and 2N https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-three-dimensional-views-and-typical-floor-plans-of-3vx7lez5.png Figure 1 Three dimensional views and typical floor plans of Buildings 2A and 2N (unit: mm) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structural-responses-of-buildings-2a-and-2n-y3wbw3wy.png Figure 2 Structural responses of Buildings 2A and 2N https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-casualties-of-buildings-2a-and-2n-at-the-mce-level-1e3y1oef.png Table 3 Casualties of Buildings 2A and 2N at the MCE level https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-median-values-of-the-repair-work-days-for-buildings-1zu5zfq4.png Figure 6 Median values of the repair work days for Buildings 2A and 2N https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-collapse-fragility-functions-of-buildings-2a-and-2n-3kbo7fhb.png Figure 3 Collapse fragility functions of Buildings 2A and 2N https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structural-component-fragility-specifications-used-3cvodrqn.png Table 1 Structural component fragility specifications used in PACT models https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-nonstructural-component-fragility-specifications-3uyh7my4.png Table 2 Nonstructural component fragility specifications used in PACT models https://scispace.com/papers/seismic-performance-comparison-between-force-based-and-1mu0j7di80 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-design-cases-2lt03mld.png Table 2. Design cases https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-damage-states-of-d1-d2-and-d3-dr6layv7.png Table 7. Damage states of D1, D2 and D3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-performance-of-a-bridge-designed-as-per-fbd-in-chbdc-1ks6x0f7.png Table 8. Performance of a bridge designed as per FBD in CHBDC 2014 (D2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-earthquake-records-naumoski-et-al-1988-259720ol.png Table 3. Earthquake records (Naumoski et al. 1988) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-performance-based-design-135x57mm-246-x-246-dpi-1kx0yrzv.png Figure 4 Performance-Based Design 135x57mm (246 x 246 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-maximum-strains-of-d1-from-time-history-analysis-2qlcusf9.png Table 4. Maximum strains of D1 from time-history analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-column-section-130x33mm-199-x-199-dpi-17zqwtqc.png Figure 9 Column section 130x33mm (199 x 199 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-ductile-bent-yielding-sequence-128x38mm-219-x-219-3v3qtjst.png Figure 18 Ductile bent yielding sequence 128x38mm (219 x 219 DPI) https://scispace.com/papers/seismic-performance-of-portuguese-masonry-infill-walls-from-15ux7cmoz7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-masonry-infill-wall-types-42tm33x3.png Figure 3: Masonry infill wall types https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-in-plane-test-a-test-setup-for-cyclic-loading-b-y3lpzntj.png Figure 7: In-Plane test, (a) test setup for cyclic loading, (b) instrumentation scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-out-of-plane-force-displacement-diagram-of-r982hwjw.png Figure 11. Out-of-Plane force-displacement diagram of UMSystem. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-damage-pattern-of-umsystem-for-out-of-plane-tests-1ri87ot5.png Figure 12: Damage pattern of UMSystem for out-of-plane tests, (a) at 7.38mm, (b) at 20.25mm, (c) at 64.37mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-rc-frame-used-in-experimental-tests-a-geometric-2babej6u.png Figure 6: RC frame used in experimental tests, (a) geometric scheme, (b) reinforcement scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-damage-pattern-of-umsystem-a-at-7-32mm-b-at-14-d42ptzw5.png Figure 10: Damage pattern of UMSystem, (a) at 7.32mm, (b) at 14.35mm, (c) at 55.56mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-horizontal-perforated-masonry-units-used-in-om08i91s.png Figure 1: Horizontal perforated masonry units used in Portugal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-in-plane-force-displacement-diagram-a-umsystem-b-2hmta0d5.png Figure 9: In-Plane force-displacement diagram, (a) UMSystem, (b)Bare Frame. https://scispace.com/papers/seismic-probabilistic-risk-assessment-of-nuclear-power-4e55inj5a3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fragility-curve-for-rhr-piping-2k8f6fge.png Figure 5. Fragility curve for RHR piping. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-seismic-risk-of-the-sample-npp-for-accident-b8eekbeg.png Table 1. Seismic risk of the sample NPP for Accident Sequences #2 and #12 of Figure 3 at each groundmotion intensity level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-seismic-hazard-curve-for-the-site-of-the-sample-npp-30v3eahx.png Figure 6. Seismic hazard curve for the site of the sample NPP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-conditional-mean-spectrum-and-acceleration-3354ni8u.png Figure 7. The conditional mean spectrum and acceleration spectra of the 20 scaled ground motions for ,3aS . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lumped-mass-beam-models-for-the-sample-reactor-nekmw6gi.png Figure 2. Lumped-mass-beam models for the sample reactor building. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fault-tree-for-aciwa-system-in-the-sample-npp-dh6uxkht.png Figure 4. Fault tree for ACIWA system in the sample NPP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-seismic-event-trees-of-the-sample-npp-1j2px0g7.png Figure 3. Seismic event trees of the sample NPP. https://scispace.com/papers/seismic-preprocessing-and-amplitude-cross-calibration-for-a-2mvkrtxqus 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-coherent-amplitude-versus-offset-estimation-of-the-i2cjb7n2.png Figure 18 Coherent amplitude-versus-offset estimation of the Top Cretaceous reflections (a, b) and the Brent reflections (c, d) for 1982 data (left) and 1999 data (right). Note the invariance of the coherent amplitudeversus-offset curves for the Top Cretaceous reflections (a, b), while for the Base Brent reflections significant changes in the coherent amplitude-versus-offset curves are evident between 1982 and 1999 (c, d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-the-seismic-data-used-throughout-this-work-gbnit9pq.png Figure 1 Map of the seismic data used throughout this work. The black dots represent the shot positions, while the receiver positions are plotted with different colours according to the source-to-receiver offset. Note the different scales of the horizontal and vertical axes. The x-axis with coordinates plotted inside the map and the locations A, B, C and D are used as references further on. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-differences-in-the-gradient-attribute-after-3n8asn68.png Figure 11 Differences in the gradient attribute after amplitude-versus-offset calibration along the Brent reflections: (a) 1989–1982 vintages; (b) 1999–1982 vintages. The red curves represent the mean values of the attributes as in Fig. 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-differences-in-the-intercept-attribute-after-i18mjot3.png Figure 10 Differences in the intercept attribute after amplitude-versus-offset calibration along the Brent reflections: (a) 1989–1982 vintages; (b) 1999–1982 vintages. Position A corresponding to the apical part of the Brent reservoir is indicated. The red curves represent the mean values of the attributes in the intervals between x-coordinates 5200–6065 and x-coordinates 6065–6400. Noticeable variations can be observed only for the 1999–1982 vintages (b), in the x-interval 5200–6065. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-close-up-of-fig-16-centred-on-the-apical-part-of-xu6mjnqk.png Figure 17 Close-up of Fig. 16, centred on the apical part of the Brent layer, close to location A in Fig. 2. The ellipses indicate the apical part of the Brent reservoir. Note the change of the I × G response: from red in 1982 (increase of the absolute amplitude value with offset) to blue in 1999 (decrease of the absolute amplitude value with offset). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stack-section-of-the-1999-data-at-the-end-of-the-2zoddx5r.png Figure 2 Stack section of the 1999 data at the end of the single-vintage processing. Relevant target reflectors are indicated. The pink dots delimit the time gate of data used for the data cross-calibration procedure. The yellow x-axis overprinted on the stack section gives the bearings with respect to the map of Fig. 1; the locations A, B, C and D are used as references further on. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-intercept-x-gradient-displays-for-the-1982-1989-1qylyjc5.png Figure 16 Intercept × gradient displays for the 1982, 1989 and 1999 data after the data amplitude cross-calibration. Note that bin numbers are different for the different vintages. For reference refer to the x-axis coordinates. Blue indicates a decrease in the absolute value of the amplitude with offset, red indicates an increasing trend. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-incoherent-amplitude-versusoffset-curves-peak-3c04nl10.png Figure 7 Incoherent amplitude-versusoffset curves (peak amplitude of the envelope) after single-vintage processing for different locations (A, B, C, D; Fig. 2). Different vintages are indicated by colour codes. Note that for location C (close to the borehole) the horizontal axis represents angles of incidence and not offset. In this case we also plotted the theoretical P-wave reflection coefficient (RPP), computed from borehole information: the major features of the observed amplitude-versus-angle-ofincidence curves are in agreement with the RPP trend. https://scispace.com/papers/seismic-signatures-of-magnetic-activity-in-solar-type-stars-3evwlzzna5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-results-for-kic-8006161-left-and-kic-5184732-right-2ht4y4ku.png Figure 1. Results for KIC 8006161 (left) and KIC 5184732 (right). Top and middle: Frequency shifts and logarithmic mode heights. Bottom: Photometric activity proxy. Vertical dotted lines mark the Kepler quarters. https://scispace.com/papers/seismic-wave-attenuation-beneath-the-australasian-region-3hujv7sj2a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-transverse-and-radial-shear-attenuation-q-1sh-sp-1w3sugn8.png Figure 6 Transverse and radial shear attenuation (Q 1SH SP and Q 1SH SP) beneath the Australasian region in the depth ranges 35–120, 120–220 and 220–320 km. Note that the colour scales employed for Q71 in the lithosphere and the upper mantle are different. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-compressional-attenuation-q-1p-pp-beneath-3lafd6p4.png Figure 8 Compressional attenuation (Q 1P PP) beneath Australasian region in the depth ranges 35–120, 120–220 and 220– 320 km derived from inter-station differential Q 1P PP estimates. Note that once again the colour scales employed for Q71 in the lithosphere and the upper mantle differ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-chequer-board-test-of-the-recovery-of-velocity-3a314ply.png Figure 4 Chequer-board test of the recovery of velocity structure from tomographic inversion at 35–120, 120–220 and 220–320 km depth with different cell sizes: (a– d) 98 and (e–h) 68. The panels (b–d) and (f–h) represent the recovered images for each tomographic inversion. (a) and (e) are the input structure where the anomalies have maximal perturbations of +2% relative to the ak135 model. https://scispace.com/papers/seismic-retrofit-of-stone-walls-with-timber-panels-and-steel-4vcv0vtt8g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mechanical-properties-of-clt-panel-producer-data-1b2l20k5.png Table 4: Mechanical properties of CLT panel (producer data sheet) 242 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-tested-carried-out-on-stone-masonry-2wez1a52.png Table 5: Results of tested carried out on stone masonry panels. 324 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-test-program-228-p93yb12o.png Table 1. Test Program. 228 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mechanical-parameters-of-mortars-and-stone-238-ljwz767x.png Table 2: Mechanical parameters of mortars and stone. 238 https://scispace.com/papers/seismicity-related-to-the-eastern-sector-of-anatolian-escape-2d95jtiqxg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-source-mechanism-solutions-of-the-24-january-2020-mw-113f0l87.png Table 1: Source mechanism solutions of the 24 January 2020 Mw 6.77 Elazığ-Sivrice earthquake with parameters uncertainties (68% confidence intervals). Moment tensor (M. T.), Finite Fault (F. F.). GCMT: Global Centroid Moment Tensor. GEOFON: GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences. AFAD: Disaster and Emergency Management Authority Presidential of Earthquake Department. KOERI: Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute. USGS: U.S. Geological SurveyNational Earthquake Information Centre. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-station-and-data-coverage-in-the-epicentral-area-sd2gm03a.png Figure 2: Station and data coverage in the epicentral area with examples of data and forward modeling. a) The squares show strong motion stations colored according to peak PGA values. Stations with codes are those used in the joint inversion. The dashed black boxes indicate the spatial extent of used Sentinel-1 imagery from both ascending and descending orbits. The red star shows the epicenter of the mainshock. Red lines indicate active fault maps in the region (Basili et al., 2013). The purple box shows the spatial coverage in the panel c. b) Strong motions modeling: The best-fitting model in the Z component of 6 near-field strong motion stations; observed trace (dark gray) and synthetic trace (red). Information in the waveforms fit (left side, from top to bottom) gives station name with the component, distance to the source, station azimuth, weight, misfit and starting time of the waveform (relative to the origin time). c) InSAR modeling: Subsampled surface displacements as observed, modeled and with the data residual. The grey filled box shows the surface projection of the modeled source, with the thick-lined edge marking the upper fault edge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spatiotemporal-evolution-of-the-2020-mw-6-77-elazig-2uffwz9v.png Figure 3: Spatiotemporal evolution of the 2020 Mw 6.77 Elazığ-Sivrice earthquake sequence (black stars always denote the mainshock, while brown solid and hollow purple circles show fore- and after-shocks respectively). a) spatial distribution of seismicity at the Pütürge segment, located between the Hazar Lake and the Yarpuzlu bend, showing the path of Firat River (blue line), which crosses the EAF with an 11 km left-lateral offset since the Pliocene (Duman and Emre, 2013), main faults (red lines, after Basili et al., 2013), epicentral locations of fore- and after-shocks (circles, Ml 1+ and azimuthal gap less than 120°), focal mechanisms of the mainshock, 2 foreshocks and 16 aftershocks (focal spheres, color scale according to centroid depths). Black squares denote locations of the closest strong motion stations with their code. b) Depth cross-section of the events larger than Ml 4, showing the rupture area (red rectangle) and direction of rupture propagation, as resolved in this study (the rupture propagated almost unilaterally toward WSW); two large foreshocks (brown dots) are located close to the mainshock nucleation point. c1, c2, c3) Depth cross-sections along profiles AB, CD and EF, respectively (dip and width of all cross-sections are 90° and 20 km, respectively), showing the focal mechanisms of largest events (cross section projection). d) Temporal evolution of the aftershocks (Ml 1+ and azimuthal gap < 120°) versus longitude; the upper histogram shows the longitude versus the logarithm of the number of events, the lower number of aftershocks activity in the central region of ~25 km length, which matches the location and extent of the mainshock rupture area (light yellow region). e) Temporal evolution of the foreshocks (same style as panel d); two foreshock clusters located close to the mainshock nucleation point (4 April 2019 Mw 5.2 and 27 December 2019 Mw 4.9). https://scispace.com/papers/seismotectonics-of-the-koyna-warna-area-india-28ns4cldyk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-33b5g2s9.png Table 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-124fe2tb.png Table 8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-3f3knsc7.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2zpjnr70.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relocation-of-earthquakes-m-3-0-earthquakes-between-3jyd6suk.png Figure 5 Relocation of earthquakes M]3.0 earthquakes between 1993 and April, 1995. Increased seismicity near Warna River followed the impoundment of the Warna Dam. S shows the location of Sonarli. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-fault-plane-solutions-of-selected-events-in-1993-147ju2no.png Figure 13 Fault plane solutions of selected events in 1993–94. See also Table 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-location-of-fissures-and-slumps-short-dashes-1ogya1vw.png Figure 14 Location of fissures and slumps (short dashes) associated with the main shock. The hatched pattern shows areas with elevation exceeding 1000 m. Location of wells is shown where water levels went up [solid squares] and went down [open squares]. Map also shows escarpment trends along the continental divide (dashed). The solid lines show faults interpreted from changes in the course of the Koyna River and its tributaries by PATWARDHAN et al. (1995). The zone of fissures associated with the 1967 earthquakes extends from near Baje (B) to Randhiv (R) via Donichawadi (D) and Kadoli (K). Sonarli (S) lies at the confluence of the Bhogiv nala and the Warna River. A, Sa and T show the locations of Ambole, Salve and Tamine, respectively. The lineaments L1 and L2 are from LANDSAT in INSAT images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-earthquakes-in-1993-1995-with-best-depth-control-s-3hlwvnx3.png Figure 7 Earthquakes in 1993–1995 with best depth control. S shows location of Sonarli. https://scispace.com/papers/sejong-open-cluster-survey-sos-iv-the-young-open-clusters-5any9uzwgl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-photometric-data-for-ngc-1931-1w2a9i08.png Table 5 Photometric Data for NGC 1931 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-spatial-distribution-of-members-of-ngc-1624-left-28qmwbop.png Figure 8. Spatial distribution of members of NGC 1624 (left) and NGC 1931 (right). The solid, dashed, and dotted–dashed lines show contours corresponding to 80, 60, and 40% level of the maximum surface density, respectively. The size of each symbol is proportional to the brightness of individual stars. The other symbols are the same as in Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-zero-age-main-sequence-fitting-to-the-early-type-3aghozva.png Figure 11. Zero-age main sequence fitting to the early-type MS members of NGC 1624 (upper) and NGC 1931 (lower). The zero-age main sequence relations of Sung et al. (2013a) were fitted to the lower ridge line of the members. The solid lines (blue) represent the adopted distance moduli of 13.9 ± 0.2 (6.0 ± 0.6 kpc) and 11.8 ± 0.3 mag (2.3 ± 0.3 kpc) for NGC 1624 and NGC 1931, respectively. The dashed lines are the ZAMS relations adjusted by the fitting errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-hertzsprung-russell-diagram-of-ngc-1624-left-2d6c8jfe.png Figure 12. The Hertzsprung–Russell diagram of NGC 1624 (left) and NGC 1931 (right). A few isochrones (solid line) with different age (0., 1, 1.5, 4, and 10 Myr) are superimposed on the diagram with several evolutionary tracks (dashed line, Siess et al. 2000; Ekström et al. 2012). The other symbols are the same as in Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observation-log-1tfh68ph.png Table 1 Observation Log https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-radial-surface-density-profile-of-ngc-1624-the-1tp6gmbr.png Figure 3. Radial surface density profile of NGC 1624. The error at a given surface density is assumed to follow Poisson statistics. Solid and dashed lines represent the mean surface density of field stars and its standard deviation, respectively. The surface density continues to decrease until it reaches the mean surface density of field stars. The radius of the cluster is about ¢2.5 (arrow). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-variability-test-in-the-v-band-the-upper-and-lower-1g6frej8.png Figure 7. Variability test in the V band. The upper and lower panels show the photometric errors of stars observed in NGC 1624 (upper) and NGC 1931 (lower). The red circles and vertical bars indicate the mean and standard deviation of the photometric errors for a given magnitude bin. Triangles denotes variable candidates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-finder-charts-of-ngc-1624-left-and-ngc-1931-right-1b2sqiaw.png Figure 1. Finder charts of NGC 1624 (left) and NGC 1931 (right). Stars brighter than V = 18 mag are plotted, and the size of the circles is proportional to the brightness of individual stars. The positions of stars are relative to the O-type star NGC 1624-2 (a d= = + ¢ 04 40 37. 3, 50 27 41. 1h m s ) for NGC 1624 and to BD +34 1074 (a d= = + ¢ 05 31 26. 4, 34 14 43. 0h m s ) for NGC 1931, respectively. Squares outlined by blue solid lines represent the region observed by the Mont4k CCD camera, and the other square (green dashed line) shows the field of view of SNUCam. The shaded regions outline the control fields, which are used to estimate the density of field interlopers. https://scispace.com/papers/seizure-onset-zone-identification-using-phase-amplitude-3za8gy0ulh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-auc-for-seven-patients-using-five-184alqig.png Table 2: Results of AUC for seven patients using five classifiers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-mean-comodulogram-and-the-mann-whitney-u-test-x2x2xi5d.png Figure 4: The mean comodulogram and the Mann-Whitney U test results at eight band pairs in both SOZ and NSOZ for three child patients, shown in sub-figure (A) and sub-figure (B), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-statistical-results-between-adult-soz-group-and-y1pqe6lb.png Figure 5: Statistical results between adult SOZ group and child SOZ group, as well as between adult NSOZ group and child NSOZ group. Brown color, yellow color, green color, slategrey color indicate the adult SOZ, child SOZ, adult NSOZ, child NSOZ, respectively. ?implies p < 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-raw-interictal-ecog-and-comodulogram-plot-in-soz-3k4qgton.png Figure 2: Raw interictal ECoG and comodulogram plot in SOZ and NSOZ for adult (Pt2) shown in sub-figure (A) and child (Pt6) patients displayed in sub-figure (B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-scheme-of-pac-classification-the-three-s2ekruds.png Figure 1: The scheme of PAC classification, the three classification models, and the proposed TSNCV. (A) The work scheme contains ECoG recording, PAC calculation and display by comodulogram, statistical analysis based on comodulogram, and classification using five models. (B) Example of SVM in 2-D feature space, Example of LightGBM, and the established 2-D CNN. (B1) is the example of SVM for simple binary classification in 2-D feature space. (B2) is the example of leaf-wise tree growth for LightGBM. (B3) is the architecture of the established 2-D CNN model. The input is the comodulogram with the size of 16 × 16 that analyzed by PAC method. There are three convolutional layers and two fully connected layers named as Conv 1, Conv 2, and Conv 3, Fc 1, and Fc 2, respectively. MaxPooling is respectively followed by Conv 2 and Conv 3. (C) The working principle of TSNCV. The dataset is firstly chronologically split into 5 splits. For each splits, there are training subset (denoted by dark blue color), validation set (denoted by dark orange color), and test set (denoted by brown color), in which the training subset and validation set are denoted by selecting the former 80% and the latter 20% of the training set. Firstly, the training subset is used for training while validation set is used for validation in conjunction with grid search to select the optimal hyperparameters. Hereafter, the training subset and validation set are used as training sets with the selected optimal hyperparameters, while the test set is used for testing to supply an evaluation of model performance. The final evaluation is by taking the average value of evaluations for all five splits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-prediction-probability-in-bar-plot-and-mri-for-2xgi62ue.png Figure 6: The prediction probability in bar-plot and MRI for four adult patients. (A) The bar-plot of prediction probability of each electrode for four adult patients. X-axis and y-axis denote the value of prediction probability and channel name, respectively. The brown color indicates the SOZ electrodes, while green represents the NSOZ electrodes. (B) The MRI of prediction probability for four adult patients. The pseudo color denotes the value of the prediction probability of each electrode. It is noted that the number 1–60 and 61–76 in (B) represent A1–A60 and B1–B16 in (A), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-mean-comodulogram-and-the-mann-whitney-u-test-28esod9k.png Figure 3: The mean comodulogram and the Mann-Whitney U test results at eight band pairs in both SOZ and NSOZ for four adult patients. (A) The mean comodulogram of SOZ and NSOZ for each adult patient. For each mean comodulogram, x-axis denotes the frequency of phase, the y-axis indicates the frequency of amplitude, as well as the pseudocolor represented the PAC value at different band pairs. (B) The Mann-Whitney U test results of SOZ and NSOZ for four adult patients at eight band pairs. The median value of each band pair for both SOZ and NSOZ is displayed zoom in the most right sub-figure. The eight band pairs are δ − r, δ − f r, θ − r, θ − f r, α − r, α − f r, β − r, and β − f r, representing δ − ripple, δ− f astripple, θ− ripple, θ− f astripple, α− ripple, α− f astripple, β− ripple, and β− f astripple, respectively, where the frequency range of δ, θ, α, β, ripple, and f astripple is 0.5–4 Hz, 4–8 Hz, 8–12 Hz, 12–24 Hz, 80–250 Hz, and 250–560 Hz, respectively. X-axis and y-axis imply types of band pairs and PAC values, respectively. Brown color implies the SOZ while green color indicates the NSOZ. ?indicates p < 0.001. https://scispace.com/papers/select-self-learning-classifier-for-internet-traffic-2jr04zq9kr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-sensitivity-to-minpoints-2sks2pn9.png Fig. 11. Sensitivity to MinPoints. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-fraction-of-flows-directed-to-the-dominating-srvport-7mjfgzyi.png Fig. 8. Fraction of flows directed to the dominating srvPort in each cluster for different steps for Dataset-4S. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-new-protocols-suddenly-appear-https-traffic-is-added-3is9cdsw.png Fig. 6. New protocols suddenly appear: HTTPS traffic is added at batch 3, and POP3 traffic is added at batch 6 in Dataset-4S. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-fraction-of-clustered-flows-at-each-step-p1jwor4c.png Fig. 7. Fraction of clustered flows at each step. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-dominatedport-clusters-at-batch-1-bold-font-2p7llojb.png TABLE V dominatedPort CLUSTERS AT BATCH 1. BOLD FONT HIGHLIGHTS CLUSTERS ON NON-STANDARD PORTS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-emule-recall-when-only-s-labeled-clusters-are-used-as-3k6jvem6.png Fig. 5. eMule recall when only S labeled clusters are used as bootstrap at batch 1 for Dataset-4S. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-confusion-matrix-at-batch-10-for-dataset-3c-3svnxysz.png TABLE IV CONFUSION MATRIX AT BATCH 10 FOR DATASET-3C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-sensitivity-to-k-2sqhdnvd.png Fig. 10. Sensitivity to k. https://scispace.com/papers/selected-equation-of-state-in-the-acentric-factor-system-2u5vgmy4gr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-coefficients-for-equation-4-5wxag842.png Table II. Coefficients for Equation 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-critical-properties-acentric-factors-and-references-j6tnh91d.png Table I. Critical Properties, Acentric Factors, and References for the Fluids Included in this Research. https://scispace.com/papers/selected-configuration-interaction-dressed-by-perturbation-2xehzgyw6e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-deviation-in-millihartree-from-the-extrapolated-fci-11m481k5.png TABLE I. Deviation (in millihartree) from the extrapolated FCI energy (EexFCI = 2558.006 880 a.u.) for various methods as a function of the number of determinants Ndet in the CIPSI expansion for the CuCl2 molecule and the 6-31G basis set. The second-order correction E(2) is also reported. The error bar corresponding to one standard deviation is reported in parentheses. The exFCI energy has been obtained via a linear extrapolation using the energies of the two largest wave functions (see the supplementary material). The two rightmost columns report the overlap with respect to the largest sCI wave function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-deviation-from-the-extrapolated-fci-energy-eexfci-of-12igohz0.png FIG. 1. Deviation from the extrapolated FCI energy EexFCI of the total energy E of CuCl2 (in hartree) as a function of the number of determinants Ndet in the sCI wave function for various methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-vertical-excitation-energy-in-ev-of-cyanines-for-33dv345v.png TABLE II. Vertical excitation energy (in eV) of cyanines for various methods. The error bar corresponding to one standard deviation is reported in parentheses. https://scispace.com/papers/selected-papers-from-the-siggraph-asia-education-program-2ql4yvvqv5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-units-in-our-original-ba-cva-programme-3w3wv6ul.png Table 1: Units in our original BA-CVA Programme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-student-project-black-skies-2009-by-simon-roth-1rpcryle.png Figure 2: Student project “Black Skies” (2009) by Simon Roth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-student-project-harvester-2008-by-nicholas-9dazuo1j.png Figure 1: Student project “Harvester” (2008) by Nicholas Hampshire. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-units-in-our-new-ba-bsc-programme-framework-columns-2ey8vslj.png Table 2: Units in our new BA / BSc Programme Framework. Columns 1, 2 & 3 represent the BSc SDAGE – Columns 2, 3 & 4 the BA CVA – Columns 3, 4 & 5 the BA CAA. https://scispace.com/papers/selecting-building-predictive-control-based-on-model-2qns1jvxez 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-overall-performance-index-for-rbc-mpc-and-rmpc-as-a-22sdrcfa.png Fig. 9. Overall performance index for RBC, MPC and RMPC as a function of model uncertainty. The red zone demonstrates the region which MPC outperforms RMPC and RBC as it yields a higher IOP . The green zone represents the region that IOP of RMPC is higher than that of MPC and RBC. RBC dominates in terms of IOP in the blue zone. In the gray zone the resulting discomfort index is not acceptable. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-control-input-and-resulting-temperature-profile-for-13vb53zh.png Fig. 5. Control input and resulting temperature profile for the existing controller on the building (denoted as Measurements in the figure), RBC, MPC, and robust MPC controllers.(δ = 60%) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-energy-saving-of-mpc-and-rmpc-compared-to-rbc-as-a-a956um4e.png Fig. 8. Energy saving of MPC and RMPC compared to RBC as a function of model uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-discomfort-index-id-versus-additive-model-uncertainty-1heoyy0l.png Fig. 6. Discomfort index Id versus additive model uncertainty (δ). We generate a uniform random sequences based on the disturbance prediction error value δ. The generated random sequences are used in the Monte Carlo simulations for making this graph. The mean value (marker position) and standard deviation (error bar length) of discomfort are shown in the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-energy-index-ie-versus-additive-model-uncertainty-d-we-9tvwl2uo.png Fig. 7. Energy index Ie versus additive model uncertainty (δ). We generate data with similar approach as in Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-architecture-of-the-building-control-system-utilizing-2h2tgel5.png Fig. 1. Architecture of the building control system utilizing the PAB model from [16]. Updated model parameters are obtained from UKF estimation process at each time step. At the next time step, MPC uses the model with updated parameters to calculate the optimal inputs. Inputs are implemented on the system and at the next sampling time new states (temperatures) are measured and sent to the PAB model, and this process repeats. Black dotted lines connecting the traditional control system to the building are replaced by the red solid lines connecting the estimation module to the MPC block and the MPC block to the building. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-required-information-for-designed-rbc-mpc-and-rmpc-39j5sytg.png Fig. 3. Required information for designed RBC, MPC and RMPC controllers in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-estimated-room-temperature-using-ukf-in-the-pab-model-37eevypb.png Fig. 2. Estimated room temperature using UKF in the PAB model. https://scispace.com/papers/selected-topics-in-optical-coherence-tomography-50b2fmw1v2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-1-due-to-corrosion-iron-oxidation-along-the-crack-gap-dp16e619.png Fig. 8-1. Due to corrosion (iron oxidation) along the crack gap, the irregular or zigzag path appears to be brighter in the OCT image. The terminal tip of the crack is not clear. Two arrows indicate the same openings presented in Fig. 8. (image acquired by 930-nm system). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-37-a-41-year-old-woman-with-a-visual-acuity-of-5-10-in-256oj151.png Fig. 37. A 41-year-old woman with a visual acuity of 5/10 in right eye and 3/10 in left eye. The reduced visual acuity is stable, and was already noted at the age of 12 years. There is a family history of maculopathy: the mother, the daughter and the brother of the patient are affected. In the fundus, the lesion is very large and extends over more than 6PD at the posterior pole, delimited in part by a fibrous band; the development of fibrosis can also be seen in the lesion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-35-oct-scan-of-the-patient-described-in-figure-33-2chvp058.png Fig. 35. OCT scan of the patient described in figure 33 demonstrates hyperreflective signals at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium-choroid complex (yellow arrows). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-differentiating-features-of-pigment-epithelial-1wnlbjwl.png Table 3. Differentiating features of pigment epithelial detachments. (RPED-retinal pigment epithelial detachment). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-oct-and-macular-hole-staging-2pax5n6n.png Table 4. Oct and macular hole staging. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-features-of-macular-hole-related-attachments-3fuuhgoa.png Table 5. Features of macular hole-related attachments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-38-with-time-domain-oct-stratus-oct-carl-zeiss-meditec-4vno2hzp.png Fig. 38. With time-domain OCT (Stratus OCT, Carl Zeiss Meditec, and a resolution of 10µ), the lesion has the appearance of a crater with steep edges. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-33-malattia-leventinese-oct-scans-of-a-36-year-old-woman-prp9njj1.png Fig. 33. Malattia Leventinese. OCT scans of a 36-year-old woman. Visual acuity is 20/20 in the right eye, 20/30 in the left eye. The material lies above the Bruch Membrane, and a part of the subfoveal IS/OS line is interrupted in the left eye (bottom, black arrow). https://scispace.com/papers/selecting-back-off-algorithm-in-active-rfid-csma-ca-based-20d0pwyet1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-edp-2ec5s9om.png Table 1: Average EDP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-constant-back-off-time-min-energy-consumption-top-2xhawqh2.png Figure 4: Constant back-off time min Energy Consumption (top), min Delay (middle), and Energy-Delay Product (bottom) as a function of the coefficient C, and the number of tags. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-linear-back-off-algorithm-1o0jvkhw.png Figure 5: Linear back-off algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-linear-back-off-algorithm-with-modulus-1vaq6rav.png Figure 6: Linear back-off algorithm with modulus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-exponential-back-off-algorithm-with-modulus-2ijic85g.png Figure 8: Exponential back-off algorithm with modulus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-exponential-back-off-algorithm-2lhmdlt7.png Figure 7: Exponential back-off algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-types-of-back-off-algorithms-constant-linear-linear-22k267g0.png Figure 2: Types of back-off algorithms: constant, linear, linear modulus, exponential, and exponential modulus. The arrow ending at time to (randomly chosen by each tag in the range of the ICW) is the initial back-off, then increasing B-numbers show successive back-offs. Shadowed parts show randomness in the back-off time which is added to each ti. 267 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-simulation-procedure-2dks8t3f.png Figure 3: The simulation procedure. https://scispace.com/papers/selecting-optimum-locations-for-co-located-wave-and-wind-3xdzff2u62 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-correlation-between-wave-and-wind-power-at-site-no-1tecotcr.png Figure 8. Correlation between wave and wind power at site no.7 for the study period; c(τ) is the cross-correlation factor and τ the time lag. Apart from the benefits associated to the power production and its smoothing, the proposed combined system realises other synergies such as the shadow effect of the colocated WECs, which was evaluated in terms of the wave height reduction in the inner part of the wind farm. The global reduction (HRF) achieved was 7.93%. Its evolution with increasing distance from the barrier of WECs (HRCj) (Figure 8) showed a relatively uniform distribution of the wave height reduction, which decreased after the first row of with turbines due to the regeneration of waves with diffracted energy from the sides to increase again beyond the further rows thanks to the superposition of the individual shadow effects (wakes) of the different devices (Figure 9). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-awtk-values-for-the-wind-farm-as-an-isolated-3n1jb2js.png Table 4. AWTk (%) values for the wind farm as an isolated installation and for the colocated farm . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-evolution-of-the-wave-height-reduction-on-each-row-151mmhd4.png Figure 9. Evolution of the wave height reduction on each row of wind turbines as the distance from the WEC barrier increases. The parameters above analysed – HRF and HRCj – were translated into accessibility terms. The operational limit to workboats is a significant wave height of 1.5 [71, 72]. In this case, the total number of hours when Hs ≤ 1.5 m represented 57.39% of the year. Through the aggregation of the co-located WECs the accessibility increased to 68.45%, which involves an increase (IA) of nearly 20% (to be more precise, 19.27%). Remarkably, around 60% of the wind turbines experienced an increase in the accessible timeframe of approx. 10%, and 6% were accessible during 70-80% of the period considered (Table 4) ⎯ the latter being close to the co-located WECs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-wind-rose-left-and-wind-power-rose-right-for-site-3j7eqzqi.png Figure 3. Wind rose (left) and wind power rose (right) for site no. 43 for the total study period (from February 2005 to January 2015. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-correlation-between-hindcasts-and-metocean-data-3lfl9lcd.png Figure 5. Correlation between hindcasts and metocean data from the buoy no.1 in the Horns Rev 3 area in terms of significant wave height (Hmo) and wind speed at 10 m above the sea level (U10m) from February to August 2005. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-coefficient-of-determination-r-2-and-root-main-3utxwb67.png Table 3. Coefficient of determination (R 2 ) and Root Main Square Error (RMSE) between hindcasts and measured significant wave height (Hm0) and wind speed at 10 m above the sea level (U10m) from February 2005 to May 2013, for the three buoys considered. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-most-relevant-wave-and-wind-statistics-of-the-site-244eoryb.png Table 1. Most relevant wave and wind statistics of the site point no. 43. ?̅?𝑚𝑜: average significant wave height, Hm0,max: maximum value of the significant wave height, ?̅?𝑒: average energy period, Te,max: maximum energy period; ?̅?10𝑚: average wind speed at 10 m above the sea level, U10m,max: maximum wind speed at 10 m above the sea level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-wave-rose-left-and-wave-power-rose-right-for-site-1k9ubina.png Figure 2. Wave rose (left) and wave power rose (right) for site no. 43 for the total study period (from February 2005 to January 2015) https://scispace.com/papers/selection-criteria-of-optimal-characteristic-material-and-39jg6i8qd2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-possible-versions-of-grinding-of-the-endo-prosthesis-14y1xtm4.png Fig. 11. Possible versions of grinding of the endo-prosthesis during the use of commercially available usual rings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hip-heads-from-sapphire-a-zirconium-ceramics-b-2dvzuhym.png Fig. 1. Hip heads from sapphire а) zirconium ceramics b) biologically pure titanium alloy c) stainless steel (SS) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-arrangement-of-rotational-friction-a-and-8stzh585.png Fig. 2. Schematic arrangement of rotational friction – а, and example of counter bodies – b. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-specimens-of-titanium-head-and-sapphire-3q66pkiq.png Fig. 5. Experimental specimens of titanium head and sapphire cup for endo-prosthesis of the hip-joint. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-schematic-arrangement-of-lpg-1-grinding-ring-2-3bqtgsae.png Fig. 6. а) Schematic arrangement of LPG: 1- Grinding ring, 2- Cassette with parts, b) Laboratory setting for LPG. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-endo-prosthesis-heads-b-angle-of-spherical-segment-2jfi04jb.png Fig. 8. Endo-prosthesis heads: β – angle of spherical segment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-schematic-arrangement-of-formation-of-the-partial-3nvxcgib.png Fig. 10. Schematic arrangement of formation of the partial spherical head by the forming grinding ring (based on the LPG method). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-schematic-arrangement-of-grinding-of-the-partial-2bd5qr51.png Fig. 9. Schematic arrangement of grinding of the partial sphere with use of the grinding ring. https://scispace.com/papers/selecting-representative-days-for-capturing-the-implications-2ijtkahff7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-error-in-approximating-the-dcs-1uu2x80w.png Fig. 5. Error in approximating the DCs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-graphical-representation-of-the-parameter-a-for-the-1fjckytx.png Fig. 3. Graphical representation of the parameter A for the Belgian load during all days of 2014 and a number of bins equal to 10. The color scales indicate the share of time of each day during which the lowest value of the range corresponding to the different bins is exceeded. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-installed-capacity-in-the-reference-run-comprising-fnfsqrcj.png Fig. 12. Installed capacity in the reference run comprising the entire series, and for the runs using 2 representative days selected by the different approaches. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-error-in-approximating-the-correlation-35lxne5a.png Fig. 8. Error in approximating the correlation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-approximation-of-the-duration-curves-for-2-1xrx6g0a.png Fig. 13. Approximation of the duration curves for 2 representative days selected by the different approaches. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-overview-of-the-total-system-costs-in-the-3hx1vh0o.png TABLE III OVERVIEW OF THE TOTAL SYSTEM COSTS IN THE DIFFERENT RUNS https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-strengths-and-weaknesses-of-the-considered-1ghnfo7o.png TABLE II STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE CONSIDERED APPROACHES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-error-in-approximating-the-dcs-the-five-panels-refer-az3ig288.png Fig. 11. Error in approximating the DCs. The five panels refer from top to bottom to the results for 2,4,8,12 and 24 representative days. https://scispace.com/papers/selection-and-adaptation-of-microalgae-to-growth-in-100-32e4um1gl0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-18s-rdna-sequencing-of-microalgal-communities-from-67lbupgs.png Figure 3. 18S rDNA sequencing of microalgal communities from freshwater cultures during the flue gas adaptation experiment. Shown are percentages of taxa present in cultures originating from a freshwater lake and a stormwater creek exposed to 5% CO2 supplementation in the laboratory (Lab) at the start of the flue gas adaptation experiment, as well as the same cultures several months later after grown in photobioreactors under outdoor conditions with (Flue) or without (Air) exposure to 30% flue gas from a coal-fired plant. Abundant taxa (>1%) are shown in bold. The complete data are shown in Supplementary Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/selection-for-synchronized-replication-of-genes-encoding-the-k0n6f8ju7c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-genes-in-the-same-protein-complex-are-replicated-2w264boi.png Figure 3. Genes in the same protein complex are replicated simultaneously only 2 in fast-proliferating cells. 3 (A) A schematic diagram shows the changes in cell proliferation rate during cell 4 differentiation and tumorigenesis. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-genes-encoding-the-same-protein-complex-are-39zva1ry.png Figure 2. Genes encoding the same protein complex are replicated 2 simultaneously in HeLa cells. 3 (A) Two examples showcase the synchronized replication of genes encoding the same 4 protein complex. The standard deviation of replication timing within a protein 5 complex is shown on the right. 6 (B-C) The observed standard deviation of replication timing within a protein complex 7 is significantly smaller than the random expectation where the protein complex-8 coding genes were randomly sampled from the genome (B) or shuffled (C). The 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mechanisms-by-which-synchronized-replication-is-1xm1rf33.png Figure 4. Mechanisms by which synchronized replication is lost and restored. 2 (A) Calculation of the average replication timing (RT) among cells in the same group 3 (ESCs, differentiated cells, or cancer cells). 4 (B) The fraction of genes in each category during cell differentiation or tumorigenesis. 5 (C) An example of changes in the replication-timing program. The loess-smoothed 6 curves of replication timing in each cell group are shown. The vertical line and the 7 asterisk indicate the position of the gene. 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dosage-imbalance-between-early-and-late-replicating-3hnata36.png Figure 1. Dosage imbalance between early and late-replicating genes during S 3 phase in fast-proliferating (A) and slow-proliferating (B) cells. The demand for 4 dosage balance during S phase is higher in fast-proliferating cells. 5 6 https://scispace.com/papers/selection-of-olive-varieties-for-tolerance-to-iron-chlorosis-4xmtvz1dbr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shoot-dry-weight-of-the-same-nine-scion-rootstock-3cfkqvpg.png Figure 3. Shoot dry weight of the same nine scion-rootstock combinations presented in Figure 2. Other indications are as in Figure2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-final-spad-of-the-nine-scion-rootstock-combinations-1l5bhh0c.png Figure 2. Final SPAD of the nine scion-rootstock combinations obtained by combining three olive varieties, ‹Hojiblanca›, ‹Arbequina› and ‹Lechín de Sevilla›, used either as scion or rootstock. Plants were grown in pots with calcareous soil fertilized with nutrient solution with Fe (+Fe) or without Fe (–Fe). Values are mean ± SE (the number of replications for each combination is indicated in the graphs). The relative values, as percentages, are given in brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-final-spad-and-shoot-dry-weight-of-eight-olive-23nhpcsg.png Table 1. Final SPAD and shoot dry weight of eight olive varieties grown in pots with calcareous soil fertilized with nutrient solution with Fe (+ Fe) or without Fe (–Fe). Values are mean ± SE (n = 12). The relative values in the (–Fe) treatment with respect to the (+Fe) treatment, expressed as percentage, are also included. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-final-spad-and-shoot-dry-weight-of-the-two-356hd01b.png Figure 4. Final SPAD and shoot dry weight of the two reciprocal scion-rootstock combinations obtained with the olive varieties, ‹Leccino› and ‹Nevadillo Negro›. Plants were grown in pots with calcareous soil fertilized with nutrient solution with Fe (+Fe) or without Fe (–Fe). Values are mean ± SE (n = 4 for ‹Leccino›/‹Nevadillo Negro› and n = 3 for ‹Nevadillo Negro›/‹Leccino›). The relative values, as percentages, are given in brackets. https://scispace.com/papers/selection-for-yield-in-small-plots-of-spring-wheat-2xsajzafsf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistics-of-crop-characters-in-the-yield-trial-17s1mazn.png Table 2. Statistics of crop characters in the yield trial. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-grain-yield-in-g-plot-1-and-g-m-2-and-error-variance-1evj813q.png Table I. Grain yield in g plot 1 and g m 2 and error variance in g2 plot 2 of the experimental variants (0% moisture). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-heritability-h2-phenotypic-correlation-coefficient-pp-3jmu5a6e.png Fig. 5. Heritability (h2), phenotypic correlation coefficient (pp) with 'farm' yield and variation coefficient (CV) of grain yield in central six-row selection plots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-heritability-h2-phenotypic-correlation-coefficient-pp-kigrltfw.png Fig. 6. Heritability (h2), phenotypic correlation coefficient (pp) with 'farm' yield and variation coefficient (CV) of grain yield in total six-row selection plots. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-grain-yield-in-g-m-2-of-single-row-plots-20-em-and-31ixydvf.png Table 5. Grain yield in g m-2 of single-row plots ( ~ 20 em and ~ 40 em row distance), three-row plots, six-row plots and yield trial. The yields of the selection plots are based on gross plot yields. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-heritability-h2-phenotypic-correlation-coefficient-pp-2oy4bzzn.png Fig. 1. Heritability (h2), phenotypic correlation coefficient (pp) with 'farm' yield and variation coefficient (CV) of grain yield in single-row selection plots with single row-spacing ( ~ 20 em). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-heritability-h2-phenotypic-correlation-coefficient-pp-1jmh2xb9.png Fig. 2. Heritability (h2), phenotypic correlation coefficient (Pp) with 'farm' yield and variation coefficient (CV) of grain yield in single-row selection plots with double row-spacing ( ~ 40 em) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-coefficient-of-genetic-correlation-pg-of-grain-yield-3h2yl1zc.png Table 4. Coefficient of genetic correlation (pg) of grain yield in several selection plot-types with grain yield in the yield trial. https://scispace.com/papers/selection-of-priority-areas-for-arthropod-conservation-in-2dlq73j6o5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-contribution-of-each-fragment-and-island-studied-6k9bvrw7.png Table 1 Contribution of each fragment and island studied (% forest) to the total native forest cover of the archipelago and protection status defined for each fragment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-range-of-the-species-for-the-native-2z81mdkk.png Fig. 1 Distribution range of the species for the native forest fragments for the largest dataset studied https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-between-the-randomised-solid-grey-with-95-3dr475ne.png Fig. 2 Comparison between the randomised (solid grey, with 95% confidence intervals) and the complementarity (dark) accumulation curves for the observed number of species. Results are shown for all arthropods (top) and endemics (bottom). Vertical lines indicate the minimum number of fragments needed so that all species are represented at least once https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-species-richness-and-abundance-for-the-different-rrzy1n30.png Table 2 Species richness and abundance for the different arthropod categories studied (all data combined, taxonomic order, trophic group, colonization status, vertical strata and dispersal ability) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-location-of-the-eighteen-native-forest-fragments-38dodikm.png Fig. 3 Location of the eighteen native forest fragments studied and the calculated value of their Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI). Each metric can range from 0 (no grey fills in the pie fraction) to 2 (both portions filled). Distances between islands were reduced for clarity. Codes of fragments as in Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/selection-of-reference-genes-for-gene-expression-studies-in-1e8263x4pt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-determination-of-the-optimal-number-of-reference-3t672w83.png Figure 3 Determination of the optimal number of reference genes for normalization based on the calculation of the Acc. SD. (A) in different glial cell cultures and (B) during LXR agonist treatment. The lowest value for the Acc. SD. in panel A was found when 5 reference genes were used, in panel B when 3 reference genes were used. Data analysis was performed by NormFinder. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-candidate-reference-genes-for-normalization-in-y29vt16u.png Table 2 Candidate reference genes for normalization in different glial cell cultures ranked according to their expression stability by geNorm and NormFinder https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-candidate-reference-genes-for-normalization-in-2u6rrey2.png Table 3 Candidate reference genes for normalization in primary neonatal rat OLG during LXR agonist treatment ranked according to their expression stability by geNorm and NormFinder https://scispace.com/papers/selection-of-public-servants-into-politics-34tbug64lf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-continued-17k3kg5j.png Table A.2 – continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-continued-373n3nh9.png Table A.3 – continued https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-public-servants-and-government-expenditure-in-seven-2qlt7at5.png Figure 2: Public servants and government expenditure in seven European countries over time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-in-compatibility-regimes-and-the-fraction-of-public-2k9org7f.png Figure 1: (In)compatibility regimes and the fraction of public servants in national parliaments https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-presence-of-public-servants-and-government-1dkzrh87.png Table 4: Presence of public servants and government effectiveness and goverment size https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-data-sources-and-descriptive-statistics-for-the-11xf7vgm.png Table A.2 – continued https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-marginal-effects-of-a-strict-incompatibility-or-2211rskw.png Figure A.1: Marginal effects of a strict incompatibility or ineligibility regime conditional on the parliamentary base remuneration https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-incompatibility-regimes-in-nations-in-2010-n26n26sm.png Table A.3 – continued https://scispace.com/papers/selection-through-female-fitness-helps-to-explain-the-2fllqpzj3d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-statistical-test-for-environmental-bias-in-selection-22dqexwy.png Table 3: Statistical test for environmental bias in selection estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-standardized-selection-gradients-acting-on-the-2dcwgk8s.png Table 2: Standardized selection gradients acting on the number of staminate and perfect flowers of phenotypic and genotypic values https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variance-components-and-narrow-sense-heritability-of-33frb4f3.png Table 1: Variance components and narrow-sense heritability of staminate and perfect flower number in field populations https://scispace.com/papers/selective-adsorption-of-co2-from-light-gas-mixtures-by-using-1z5puvwzzu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-change-in-mole-percent-of-co2-co2-in-the-2j4yidm2.png Figure 4. The change in mole percent of CO2 (CO2) in the headspace after equilibrium exposure of gas mixtures (as indicated) to NiDBM-Bpy at 30 °C (303 K) and Ps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sans-diffraction-peak-data-plotted-versus-both-q-3p5r1ctv.png Figure 5. SANS diffraction peak data plotted versus both Q and dspacing of NiDBM-Bpy under vacuum (black open circles), 17 bar N2 (blue solid circles), 17 bar CO2 (green open squares), and a mixture containing 17 bar CO2 and 17 bar N2 (red solid squares) at 30 °C (303 K). Vertical bars are the measurement standard deviation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ir-adsorption-solid-and-desorption-open-isotherms-3lwmlkua.png Figure 3. IR adsorption (solid) and desorption (open) isotherms at 30 °C (303 K) generated from the normalized integrated area (I. A.) of the (a) CO2 and (b) N2O 3 anti-symmetric mode for a 50/50 mixture of CO2/N2O (red) compared to pure CO2 (black squares) and N2O (blue circles) isotherms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ir-adsorption-solid-and-desorption-open-isotherms-1m248ojd.png Figure 2. IR adsorption (solid) and desorption (open) isotherms at 30 °C (303 K) generated from the normalized integrated area (I. A.) of the CO2 3 anti-symmetric stretch for 50/50 binary mixtures of (a,c) CO2/N2 (red diamonds) and (b,d) CO2/CH4 (red triangles) as compared to pure CO2 (black squares). Panels a and b are plotted versus CO2 partial pressure (PCO2), while panels c and d are plotted versus total pressure (Ptot). In this and following figures, the vertical bars represent standard deviation uncertainties (N = 5) at the saturation pressure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-representative-spectra-of-the-3-antisymmetric-2j6tvc5w.png Figure 1. (left) Representative spectra of the 3 antisymmetric stretching region (2400-2200 cm-1) of adsorbed gases and the aromatic bending mode (1650-1350 cm-1) of NiDBM-Bpy at 30 °C (303 K) and Ps: vacuum (black), 50/50 CO2/N2O (red), N2O (blue) and CO2 (green). (right) A view showing an isolated chain of NiDBM-BPY, key: C, gray; H, yellow; O, red; N, orange; Ni, green. https://scispace.com/papers/selective-and-non-selective-cyclooxygenase-inhibitors-delay-4mh7tqmx2g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cortical-and-woven-bone-histomorphometry-results-for-1k1sdb07.png Table 1 Cortical and woven bone histomorphometry results for ibuprofen and PMX53 treated groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cortical-and-woven-bone-histomorphometry-results-for-182eo73p.png Table 2 Cortical and woven bone histomorphometry results for DFU treated groups https://scispace.com/papers/selection-of-screw-characteristics-and-operational-boundary-431mfbpsjb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-synthetic-faeces-recipe-adapted-from-pollution-khv8zqnt.png Table 2. Synthetic faeces recipe (Adapted from Pollution Research Group, 2014) and real faeces characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-effect-of-pre-treatment-on-screw-loading-screw-3-3ihdo1yj.png Table 1. The effect of pre-treatment on screw loading (Screw 3; mixed; 100 rpm; 100 seconds; 3 L water; 500 g synthetic faeces) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-impact-of-screw-rotational-speed-selection-on-ub5ofuia.png Figure 6. Impact of screw rotational speed selection on solids extrusion efficiency within a fixed number of rotations (Screw 3; mixed form; 3 L water; 500 g synthetic faeces). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-total-averaged-extrusion-rate-of-water-compared-2h3uaq3m.png Figure 7. Total averaged extrusion rate of water compared with Rodgers et al., (2014) using 5 % synthetic sludge and water (Screw 3; 3 L water only trial, runtime until bowl emptied). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-effect-of-free-water-volume-on-solids-recovered-and-q0ph8liu.png Figure 8. Effect of free water volume on solids recovered (%) and mass extruded (g/min) (Screw 3; mixed form; 100 rpm; 100 seconds; 500 g synthetic faeces). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-effect-of-faeces-form-standing-time-and-free-water-ou5q8vid.png Figure 9. Effect of faeces form, standing time and free water volume on total solids recovered from initial loading (%). (Screw 3, 400 rpm, 500 g real faeces, trial left to run until blockage or bowl emptied). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-setup-of-the-screw-conveyor-rig-3ozj1i3x.png Figure 1. Experimental setup of the screw conveyor rig. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-accumulation-of-unmasticated-food-particles-a-qlvbwcp2.png Figure 10. Accumulation of unmasticated food particles: (a) within the metering section, screw 3; (b) within the metering section, screw 1; (c) at the aperture; and (d) sample taken from the aperture. https://scispace.com/papers/selective-and-invariant-features-of-neural-response-surfaces-12evu0frat 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-iso-response-contours-for-a-neuron-from-a-6-4x-2y3v47ef.png Figure 1: The iso-response contours for a neuron from a 6.4X overcomplete sparse coding network using a Gaussian cost function in a 2D subspace determined by this neuron’s basis vector (blue) and its closest neighbor (gray) at 60◦. The basis vector points in the direction (0, 1), while the neighboring basis vector points at (0.9, 0.45). Note the curvature of the iso-response contours away from the neighboring basis vector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-curvature-on-the-response-manifold-of-one-3lqfjr5y.png Figure 3: The curvature on the response manifold of one neuron at one point. a) The principal curvatures, which represent the magnitude of the curvature. b) The principal directions of the curvature. c) The closest basis function to each principal direction in terms of inner product. Note that the principal curvatures with the strongest magnitudes have directions that match reasonably well with basis functions, although they are not perfectly matched in terms of spatial frequency and phase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-for-x2-y2-z2-1-we-show-the-surface-with-the-8wrrc9f6.png Figure 10: For x2 + y2 − z2 = 1, we show the surface with the numerical Gaussian curvature (the product of both principal curvature magnitudes) on the left, and a plot comparing the numerical curvature and the analytically determined Gaussian curvature. Note the perfect correspondence, supporting the accuracy of the numerical measurement process [Weisstein, 2001b,a] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-curvature-of-a-second-layer-neuron-from-the-lvzb3flr.png Figure 5: The curvature of a second-layer neuron from the Karklin & Lewicki network. Note the curvature is several orders of magnitude larger than that of the sparse coding neuron above in Fig. 3 and that there are strong positive and negative components. The neuron is invariant toward vertically-oriented features and selective for horizontallyoriented features. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-distribution-of-principal-curvature-magnitudes-ahp8wdsp.png Figure 6: The distribution of principal curvature magnitudes for points on the basis vectors on the iso-response surfaces of neurons from the Olshausen & Field network at four degrees of overcompleteness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-curvature-of-the-iso-response-surface-b-the-2godjrpm.png Figure 4: a) Curvature of the iso-response surface. b) The principal directions of the iso-response surface curvature do not include the neuron’s own basis vector (although they are (N − 1)-dimensional vectors). Therefore, the curvature of the iso-response surface is more informative about how the response manifold is warped by the presence of other neurons. For a neuron from the sparse coding network, at a point in image space identical with the neuron’s basis function, all of the principal curvatures of the isosurface are negative, indicating pure selectivity as well as the maximum value of the surface for a given contrast. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-principal-curvatures-and-principal-directions-1i8w7jie.png Figure 2: The principal curvatures and principal directions of the hypersphere with R = 2 in N = 64 image space. Note the curvature magnitudes are all equally 1 R = 0.5, and the principal directions can be represented as 8x8-pixel images in the N = 64 space, here corresponding to the coordinate basis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-histogram-of-the-number-of-principal-curvatures-24pjr412.png Figure 8: A histogram of the number of principal curvatures/eigenvalues for isosurfaces which account for 95% of the total absolute curvature. a) Olshausen & Field neurons, with a median of 18 dimensions. b) Karklin & Lewicki second-layer neurons, with a median value of 31 dimensions. https://scispace.com/papers/selective-breakage-of-mineralised-particles-by-high-voltage-y1xtqtklo7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-17-fragmentation-performance-for-different-numbers-24ril9h8.png Figure 2.17. Fragmentation performance for different numbers of shots (reprinted from Akiyama et al. (2007)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-9-the-profiles-of-porosity-and-heavy-minerals-of-a-lj76aigb.png Figure 7.9. The profiles of porosity and heavy minerals of a synthetic particle embedded with a chalcopyrite grain (C) before HVP treatment, determined from X-ray CT images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-19-mla-images-of-sample-e-after-jkrbt-treatment-1-7-8unw68j6.png Figure 8.19. MLA images of Sample E after JKRBT treatment (1.7-3.35 mm) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-9-comparison-of-product-t10-values-of-hvp-treated-2cpdfu2f.png Figure 8.9. Comparison of product t10 values of HVP treated and untreated material in the feed size 26.5-37.5 mm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-14-the-degrees-of-liberation-of-chalcopyrite-a-and-3e05hebz.png Figure 2.14. The degrees of liberation of chalcopyrite (a) and pentlandite (b) particles. (1, 3) Correspondingly -106 and +106 μm disintegrated electrically; (2, 4) correspondingly - 106 and +106 μm comminuted mechanically (reprinted from Andres et al. (2001a)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-7-surface-damage-of-the-pyrite-fines-disseminated-uzrzred5.png Figure 6.7. Surface damage of the pyrite fines disseminated particles and the intact barren particles in the Pf-B configuration subjected to one pulse loading https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-12-3d-visualisation-of-the-porosity-blue-in-a-11pznyxv.png Figure 7.12. 3D visualisation of the porosity (blue) in a barren synthetic particle (B) after HVP treatment in the C-B configuration, scanned by X-ray CT with the grout matrix being segmented into the background. The images of the chalcopyrite embedded particle (C) paired with this barren particle are presented in Figure 7.11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-typical-waveforms-of-voltage-solid-and-current-1qt5dudm.png Figure 2.1. Typical waveforms of voltage (solid) and current (dashed) for a shot (reprinted from Lisitsyn et al. (1998)). https://scispace.com/papers/selective-association-between-cortical-thickness-and-4frub2gq9r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-n-297-and-correlations-3kj1ak57.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics (n = 297) and correlations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-model-comparison-linear-vs-nonlinear-with-education-20w9c5e0.png Table 2 Model comparison (linear vs. nonlinear) with education adjusted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-standardized-coefficients-and-their-95-cis-obtained-by-3ftub4mq.png Fig. 4. Standardized coefficients and their 95% CIs obtained by bootstrapping (5000 repeats). The reference-ability-specific associations with cortical thickness PCs were stronger. There were no selective association with GF and PCs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spatial-patterns-of-cortical-thickness-in-the-first-2pxf1yg6.png Fig. 3. Spatial patterns of cortical thickness in the first four principal components. (a) PC1: postcentral gyrus (+), inferior temporal, olfactory, parahippocampal, insula, frontal inferior orbital (−); (b) PC2: precuneus, paracentral (+) medial superior frontal (−); (c) PC3: superior frontal (−), lingual (+); (d) PC4: isthmus, posterior, and caudal anterior cingulate (−), precentral and superior temporal (+). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-linear-red-and-nonlinear-blue-association-between-age-1v75bds2.png Fig. 1. Linear (red) and nonlinear (blue) association between age and five cognitive outcomes. The 95% confidence intervalswere depicted in pink and gray shades for linear and nonlinear estimates, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-age-cognition-by-age-groups-34um4wue.png Fig. 2. Age–cognition by age groups. https://scispace.com/papers/selective-catalytic-hydrogenation-of-arenols-by-a-well-3gb4xna1ks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimization-of-the-reaction-conditions-for-the-3s2ipt8o.png Table 1. Optimization of the reaction conditions for the selective hydrogenation of 1-naphthol to 1,2,3,4- tetrahydro-1-naphthol catalyzed by complex 1, 2 and 3.a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ortep-drawing-of-complex-2-and-3-at-30-probability-13tp53sr.png Figure 4. ORTEP drawing of complex 2 and 3 at 30% probability. Hydrogen atoms (except for Ru-H) are omitted for clarity. Selected bond lengths (Å ): 2: P1–N1 1.727(6), Ru1–Cl1 2.5924(17), Ru1–P1 2.2768(16), Ru1–N2 2.061(5), Ru1–N3 2.123(6), Ru1–C19 1.854(7), Ru1–H1 1.59(6). Selected bond angles (°): N2–Ru1–C19 174.2(3), N2–Ru1–H1 93(2), https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ruthenium-pn3-pincer-complexes-aqqowqxr.png Figure 3. Ruthenium PN3-pincer complexes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-selected-dft-models-of-the-transition-states-for-2wovsjzs.png Figure 2. Selected DFT models of the transition states for the activation of substrates or H2 in the bifunctional metal-ligand catalyst systems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hydrogenation-of-phenols-catalyzed-by-complex-3-a-1zswhyl8.png Table 3. Hydrogenation of phenols catalyzed by complex 3.a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hydrogenation-reaction-of-challenging-and-1lrruy9w.png Figure 1. Hydrogenation reaction of challenging and significantly more difficult arenol substrates. https://scispace.com/papers/selective-colorimetric-no-g-detection-based-on-the-use-of-15guohosyn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-up-uv-vis-spectra-of-a-mixture-of-aunp1-aunp2-and-10vmbh5z.png Figure 3. Up: UV-vis spectra of a mixture of AuNP1, AuNP2 and Cu(II) in the presence of various interferents (50 ppm, v/v); Botton: Representation of A610/A525 for the interferents and photograph of color change. https://scispace.com/papers/selective-electrocatalytic-reduction-of-nitrogen-to-4zz7lepths 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cv-of-0-5-mm-solution-of-ni3s8-in-n2-saturated-thf-25b1cm7w.png Figure 4: CV of 0.5 mM solution of Ni3S8 in N2 saturated THF with increasing concentration of phenol (scan rate: 0.1 V/s, GC working electrode), onset of the process is given in inset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-overlay-of-cvs-of-ni3s8-under-n2-blue-n2-in-2upk8d4r.png Figure 5: Overlay of CVs of Ni3S8 under N2 (blue), N2 in presence of phenol (green) and Ar in presence of phenol https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-homogeneous-cyclic-voltammogram-of-ni3s8-in-thf-14onpmp7.png Figure 3: Homogeneous cyclic voltammogram of Ni3S8 in THF solution under N2 atmosphere (red) and Ar atmosphere (blue) (1 mM solution, scan rate 0.1 V/s, GC working electrode (diameter 3 mm) and GC counter electrode, 0.1 M nBu4NPF6 supporting electrolyte). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-controlled-potential-electrolysis-under-n2-at-2-35v-9v0e7435.png Figure 6: Controlled potential electrolysis under N2 at - 2.35V vs. Fc+/Fc couple. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-crystal-structure-of-ni3s8-ellipsoids-are-drawn-at-2u3g3mgw.png Figure 2: Crystal structure of Ni3S8. Ellipsoids are drawn at 50% probability level. Color code: C, grey; N, blue; O, red; S: yellow; Ni, green. Hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity. (ST: terminal thiolate, SB: bridging thiolate, NiT: terminal Nickel and NiC: Central Nickel) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-overlay-of-rrde-responses-of-ni3s8-vs-blank-1v5k6jsl.png Figure 8: Overlay of RRDE responses of Ni3S8 vs. blank solution (without Ni3S8), holding the Pt ring at 0.25 V. Scan rate 50 mV/s (in N2 saturated THF having 100 mM PhOH and 100mM nBu4NPF6 at 300 rpm). The “dashed lines” represent the corresponding Pt-ring current indicating in-situ oxidation of N2H4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-overlay-of-ion-chromatograms-the-shaded-box-2on80fhd.png Figure 7: Overlay of ion chromatograms. The shaded box highlights the peak for Hydrazinium (retention time=9.4min) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-iron-bisphosphene-reported-by-ashley-which-can-37nlt503.png Figure 1: Iron bisphosphene reported by Ashley which can reduce N2 to N2H4.33 https://scispace.com/papers/selective-elimination-of-chloroplastidial-dna-for-3tq4gwfr9h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-in-of-each-otu-class-by-the-different-h2hi48hs.png Table 2- Distribution (in %) of each OTU Class by the different Treatments https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-treatments-applied-to-obtain-bacterial-dna-ux7olrac.png Table 1- Treatments applied to obtain bacterial DNA associated to Caulerpa taxifolia (A-E) and Posidonia oceanica (Individual1/individual2), and summary of sequencing results and statistical parameters calculated for each protocol. The % of coverage represents the number of OTUs in each sample divided by Chao factor. https://scispace.com/papers/selective-hydrogenation-of-alkenes-using-zif-67-shell-w5ok84y9tn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-long-term-stability-of-the-pt-al2o3-zif-67-5-core-3sfiij0c.png Figure 8. Long term stability of the Pt/Al2O3@Zif-67-5 core-shell catalyst for alkenes hydrogenation (hexane: blue, cyclooctene: red) in 4 subsequent cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-sulfur-resistant-properties-of-pt-al2o3-black-3ixxg1q8.png Figure 9. The sulfur-resistant properties of Pt/Al2O3 (black) and Pt/Al2O3@ZIF-67-5 (red) catalysts: hexane conversion as a function of time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-size-selective-hydrogenations-of-hexane-red-2ndc2xdg.png Figure 4. Size-selective hydrogenations of hexane (red), cyclohexene (black), and cyclooctene (blue) over Pt/Al2O3 (full symbols) and Pt/Al2O3@ZIF-67-5 (open symbols) catalysts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-size-selective-hydrogenations-of-hexene-red-and-ylqs8u25.png Figure 5. Size-selective hydrogenations of hexene (red) and cyclohexene (black) over Pt/Al2O3@ZIF-67-5 (full symbols) and Pt/Al2O3@ZIF-67-10 (open symbols). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-xrd-patterns-a-of-a-al2o3-pt-al2o3-pt-al2o3-zif-67-2192w52h.png Figure 1. XRD patterns (a) of α-Al2O3, Pt/Al2O3, Pt/Al2O3@ZIF-67-5, and pure ZIF67; SEM top view (b), and SEM cross-section image (c) of Pt/Al2O3@ZIF-67-5 coreshell; TEM images of Pt/Al2O3 catalyst (d, e), the particle size distribution of Pt in the Pt/Al2O3 catalyst (f). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-conversion-of-hexane-red-cyclohexane-black-and-w457c7tn.png Figure 6. Conversion of hexane (red), cyclohexane (black) and cyclooctene (blue) over the Pt/Al2O3@ZIF-67-5 core-shell catalyst at different reaction pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-eds-analysis-of-pt-al2o3-a-and-pt-al2o3-zif-67-5-b-k8t2n2to.png Figure 2. EDS analysis of Pt/Al2O3 (a) and Pt/Al2O3@ZIF-67-5 (b), SEM crosssection view of Pt/Al2O3@ZIF-67-5 (c), and the corresponding chemical composition along the Pt/Al2O3@ZIF-67-5 core-shell catalyst with a penetration depth of 40 µm (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-conversion-of-hexane-red-cyclohexane-black-and-39fikzfy.png Figure 7. Conversion of hexane (red), cyclohexane (black) and cyclooctene (blue) over the Pt/Al2O3@ZIF-67-5 core-shell catalyst at different liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV). https://scispace.com/papers/selective-environmental-stress-from-sulphur-emitted-by-3jz4zfkx2d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-global-mean-surface-temperature-change-and-its-2snudspd.png Figure 1. Global mean surface temperature change and its dependence on eruption https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-indirect-effects-of-volcanic-sulfur-deposition-on-2e82glk3.png Table 1. Indirect effects of volcanic sulfur deposition on soils and streams including damage threshold exceedances, timescales to reach equilibrium and recovery timescales. Orange shading indicates that thresholds to protect ecosystems are exceeded to a degree that harmful effects may occur. Green shading indicates the there are no threshold exceedances. The effects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-annual-latitudinal-mean-volcanic-acid-deposition-6obhyjz9.png Figure 2. Annual latitudinal-mean volcanic acid deposition rates and acid mist https://scispace.com/papers/selective-input-adaptation-in-parametric-optimal-control-4h3conm3f5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-results-of-input-adaptation-strategies-25uw90x3.png TABLE II RESULTS OF INPUT ADAPTATION STRATEGIES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-estimates-of-the-first-order-input-variation-xu-t-and-2finf1r9.png Fig. 2. Estimates of the first-order input variation ξu ∗ (t) and the corresponding CS and SS directions ξu ∗ c (t) and ξu ∗ s (t). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-constants-1ff7lvf0.png TABLE I CONSTANTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-nominal-optimal-input-profile-top-plot-and-3s9361v3.png Fig. 1. Nominal optimal input profile (top plot) and corresponding state trajectories (bottom plot). https://scispace.com/papers/selective-late-steroid-withdrawal-after-renal-fcj05qy6k1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-glomerular-filtration-rate-gfr-patients-on-861r1lej.png Table 3 Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), patients on antihypertensive treatment (AT), casual systolic (SBP) and casual diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (also given as indexed blood pressure), height and body mass index (BMI) in 29 patients with steroid withdrawal (SW) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-plasma-creatinine-and-glomerular-filtration-rate-gfr-2m437wpj.png Fig. 1 Plasma creatinine (−) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR; ∙) after renal transplantation (RTPL) before and after steroid withdrawal (SW), year (y) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-clinical-data-of-29-patients-with-successful-steroid-1ps82jgj.png Table 2 Clinical data of 29 patients with successful steroid withdrawal (SW) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-protocol-of-selective-late-steroid-withdrawal-months-udo7iatk.png Table 1 Protocol of selective late steroid withdrawal Months after renal transplantation Prednisone dosage https://scispace.com/papers/selective-kallikrein-kinin-system-activation-in-inbred-rats-q56fgn5hrg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-incidence-of-relapsing-enterocolitis-and-2f6jmaaa.png Table 1. Incidence of Relapsing Enterocolitis and Extraintestinal Inflammation in Inbred Rats 14 Days or Longer After PG-APS Injection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-incidence-of-systemic-inflammation-in-inbred-rats-25a13rmu.png Figure 3. Incidence of systemic inflammation in inbred rats at inter-Figure 2. Cecal myeloperoxidase (MPO) concentrations in Lewis ( ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-clinical-and-histological-evidence-of-intestinal-lem6fj6w.png Figure 1. Clinical and histological evidence of intestinal inflammation of inflammation in the inbred rat strains (Figure 1B and in Lewis ( https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-biochemical-assays-of-plasma-acute-phase-reactants-2cwgpvz9.png Figure 5. Biochemical assays of plasma acute-phase reactants. (A) Tkininogen levels were elevated in Lewis rats injected with PG-APS during acute and chronic phases of inflammation but unchanged in Buffalo rats. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-consumption-of-high-molecular-weight-kininogen-3uo1sdn8.png Table 2. Consumption of High-Molecular-Weight Kininogen weight kininogen cleavage product is evident in the After Kaolin Activation of Plasma From Lewis and Lewis rat plasma at 3 minutes but is not apparent in the Buffalo Rats Buffalo plasma until 6 minutes. Similar results were https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-in-vitro-cleavage-of-high-molecular-weight-2ymmqxl5.png Figure 8. In vitro cleavage of high-molecular-weight kininogen (HK) in https://scispace.com/papers/selective-metal-phenolic-assembly-from-complex-3tm1yzx3c9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-types-of-substrates-investigated-for-selective-1chnv4dx.png Figure 3. (a) Types of substrates investigated for selective MPN assembly: ~100 nm PMMA particles, ~800 nm mesoporous silica particles, ~2.8 µm aminated silica particles, and 1 cm × 3 cm quartz plate. (b) Photographs of the substrates (–) and MPN-coated substrates (+) obtained by selective MPN assembly. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-radical-scavenging-ability-of-euc-feiii-films-a-uv-x3h6yaja.png Figure 6. Radical scavenging ability of Euc/FeIII films. (a) UV–Vis spectra of DPPH (30 µM in ethanol) and the supernatant collected from DPPH treated with films. (b) EC50 of Euc/FeIIIcoated PMMA particles and equivalent mixture of Myr and Quer. (c) Repeated radical scavenging activity of the Euc/FeIII-coated PMMA particles over three cycles of incubation (20 min) with intermediate washing steps; bare PMMA particles were also tested as a control. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-proposed-mechanism-and-computer-modeling-of-3ic62sco.png Figure 5. Proposed mechanism and computer modeling of selective MPN assembly. (a) Schematic illustration of the formation of large extendable target compound/FeIII complexes in the presence of small competitor/FeIII complexes. (b) Computer modeling of selective MPN assembly, in which target compounds with two chelating sites (purple) and competitor compounds with one chelating site (pink) randomly chelate FeIII and deposit onto the substrate. At the start of the assembly (T = 0), the system contains an equal number of unbound (free) target compound and competitor. At different time points (T = t1/4, t1/2, and tend), free compounds that are not bound to the left boundary (template) are removed, resulting in the film, which preferably grows with the extendable target compounds that bear a higher number of chelating sites. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-physicochemical-characterization-of-euc-feiii-2ph3hg4d.png Figure 2. Physicochemical characterization of Euc/FeIII capsules prepared by selective metal– https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-preparation-and-characterization-of-euc-extracts-n89f4yng.png Figure 1. Preparation and characterization of Euc extracts and Euc/FeIII capsules obtained by selective MPN assembly. (a) Combined extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) of the Euc extract showing retention times of the major compounds: (1) chlorogenic acid (CA); (2) catechin (Cat); (3) apigenin-7-glucoside (AG); (4) gallocatechin (Gal); (5) myricetrin (Myr); (6) quercetrin (Quer); and (7) isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside (Isg). (b) Schematic illustration of capsule preparation from Euc extracts by selective assembly. (c) Combined EICs of CA (m/z 353.09), Cat (m/z 289.07), AG (m/z 431.19), Gal (m/z 305.07), Myr (m/z 463.09), Quer (m/z 447.09), Isg (m/z 477.23) in the disassembled capsules. Mass spectra of the detected compounds: (d) Myr and (e) Quer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-selective-metal-phenolic-assembly-in-model-phenolic-1eu3n2mm.png Figure 4. Selective metal–phenolic assembly in model phenolic mixtures. (a) Combined EICs of Cat (m/z 289.07), Gal (m/z 305.07), Myr (m/z 463.09) in disassembled capsules formed by selective assembly from a mixture containing Myr, Cat, and Gal (Mixture 1). (b) Mass spectra of the detected compound (Myr) in capsules obtained from Mixture 1. (c) Combined EICs of Cat (m/z 289.07), Gal (m/z 305.07), EGCG (m/z 457.08) in disassembled capsules formed by selective assembly from a mixture containing, Cat, Gal, and EGCG (Mixture 2). (d) Mass spectra of the detected compound (EGCG) in capsules obtained from Mixture 2. https://scispace.com/papers/selective-oxidation-of-n-glycolylneuraminic-acid-using-an-5242btsbq2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-oxidation-of-trisaccharide-8-with-goase-f2-b-mhl2u1fm.png Figure 4: A. Oxidation of trisaccharide 8 with GOase F2 B. Generation of conjugated trisaccharides through modification of 8 via hydrazide or oxime ligation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-oxidation-of-neu5gc-1-and-subsequent-formation-of-1ny80xqj.png Figure 2: Oxidation of Neu5Gc (1) and subsequent formation of the gem-diol (6) observed by ESI-MS (m/z 364 [M+Na+]) and NMR. 2D-NMR shows the formation of 7 or 8 membered hemiacetals (Supporting figure S12 for proposed structures). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-a-1-acid-glycoprotein-agp-containing-227cyij2.png Figure 1: Structure of α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) containing typical sialic acids terminated N-glycans. Neu5Gc (1) and Neu5Ac (2) differ by only a single hydroxyl group indicated in red. https://scispace.com/papers/selective-oxidation-of-5-hydroxymethylfurfural-to-2-5-2vvwqeqo32 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-5-hmf-conversion-under-o2-1-atm-at-110-uc-in-toluene-pja2jgxs.png Fig. 1 5-HMF conversion under O2 (1 atm.) at 110 uC in toluene with C14VOPO4 (weight ratio I-VPO/5-HMF = 0.80 (&), 0.40 (6), 0.26 (N), 0.13 (X)) and C14VOHPO4 (weight ratio I-VPO/5-HMF of 0.26) (m). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-recycling-test-with-c14vopo4-weight-ratio-i-vpo-5-hmf-ocjn1nwg.png Fig. 3 Recycling test with C14VOPO4 (weight ratio I-VPO/5-HMF = 0.40); reaction conditions: 110 uC; toluene; O2 (1 atm.); 6 h. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-5-hmf-conversion-x-and-dff-selectivity-with-c14vopo4-38tdzu9d.png Fig. 2 5-HMF conversion (X) and DFF selectivity (&) with C14VOPO4 (weight ratio I-VPO/5-HMF = 0.40) under O2 (1 atm.) at 110 uC in toluene. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-textural-properties-of-vanadium-phosphate-oxides-10srlvtk.png Table 1 Textural properties of vanadium phosphate oxides compounds as inferred by N2 physisorption at 77.4 K https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-filtration-of-c14vopo4-after-2-h-of-reaction-and-1n8xaasw.png Fig. 4 Filtration of C14VOPO4 after 2 h of reaction and evolution of the filtrate under O2 (1 atm) at 110 uC; Conversion (L); DFF yield (N); GC-MS peak areas ratio DFF/AMF (6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-filtration-of-c14vopo4-after-2-h-of-reaction-and-hln56dl1.png Fig. 5 Filtration of C14VOPO4 after 2 h of reaction and evolution of the filtrate under O2 (1 atm) at 110 uC in the presence of BHT. 5-HMF conversion with (X) and without filtration (m dotted line). DFF selectivity with (N) and without filtration (& dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-of-intercalated-vpos-in-catalytic-1qxgggnt.png Table 3 Performance of intercalated VPOs in catalytic oxidation of 5-HMFa https://scispace.com/papers/selective-reaching-evidence-for-multiple-frames-of-reference-1g5n539d26 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-movement-time-as-a-function-of-target-position-3qd8prag.png Figure 2. Mean movement time as a function of target position for trials with and without distractors in the eyes-at-start (A) and eyes-at-center (B) conditions in Experiment 1. The circled numbers indicate the amount of movement time interference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-movement-time-as-a-function-of-target-position-1bm2lbu0.png Figure 3. Mean movement time as a function of target position for trials with and without distractors in the eyes-at-start (A) and eyes-at-center (B) conditions in Experiment 2. The circled numbers indicate the amount of movement time interference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-movement-time-mt-interference-as-a-function-of-2y6xiwk2.png Figure 6. Mean movement time (MT) interference as a function of target–distractor separation in Experiment 3. Negative and positive values denote near and far distractors, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mean-constant-error-ce-interference-as-a-function-3rnpwymd.png Figure 7. Mean constant error (CE) interference as a function of target– distractor separation for near and far distractors in Experiment 3. Positive abscissa values denote rightward displacements, whereas negative values denote leftward displacements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-movement-time-as-a-function-of-distractor-33nikgtn.png Figure 4. Mean movement time as a function of distractor condition and eye position in Experiments 1 (A), 2 (B), and 3 (C). In Experiment 3, the movement time values for the near and far distractor conditions were averaged across all target–distractor distances. Exp. experiment; Near near distractor; No no distractor; Far far distractor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-overview-of-the-visual-displays-in-the-74u2f7me.png Figure 1. Schematic overview of the visual displays in the three experiments, drawn to scale. The numbers were not actually present. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-movement-time-a-and-error-percentage-b-as-a-3j3563fp.png Figure 5. Mean movement time (A) and error percentage (B) as a function of target position and intertarget distance. https://scispace.com/papers/selective-recovery-of-germanium-with-n-methylglucamine-37ee0z4vuw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-initial-ph-on-adsorption-of-germanium-1bqkwhs1.png Figure 4. Effect of initial pH on adsorption of germanium onto N-methylglucamine resin from sulfate solutions. Solid lines are modeled with the competitive adsorption model (Eq. (4)). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-model-parameters-eq-4-for-ge-species-and-h-fitted-to-2jyn11ma.png Table 2. Model parameters (Eq. (4)) for Ge species and H+ fitted to the equilibrium data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dissociation-of-germanic-acid-values-for-pka-are-2a1zxqnm.png Figure 1. Dissociation of germanic acid. Values for pKa are from the Hydra-database [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-adsorption-of-germanium-onto-four-ion-exchange-bdic78pj.png Figure 3. Adsorption of germanium onto four ion exchange resins (IRA-743, IRA-67, WP-2 and Lewatit TP-260) from sulfate solutions. https://scispace.com/papers/selective-replication-in-memory-side-gpu-caches-nvn38q1m4d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-replication-degree-directory-rdd-nzxeeonw.png Fig. 10: The Replication Degree Directory (RDD). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-sensitivity-analyses-an-asterisk-denotes-the-baseline-2mtrwu8o.png Fig. 17: Sensitivity analyses. (An asterisk denotes the baseline configuration.) SelRep LLC yields higher performance benefits with larger LLC sizes, higher memory bandwidth (GB/s), larger SM count and smaller NoC/LLC bandwidth (TB/s). The performance benefit dampens with a larger L1 cache size (KB) and the BCS CTA scheduling policy. SelRep LLC is insensitive to increased MC-Router delay. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-evaluating-selrep-llc-for-the-non-1sh2ftw5.png Fig. 18: Evaluating SelRep LLC for the non-replicationsensitive benchmarks. SelRep LLC does not adversely impact non-replication-sensitive workloads compared to the baseline Shared LLC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-gpu-architecture-with-a-hierarchical-crossbar-hxbar-11apfvr0.png Fig. 1: GPU architecture with a hierarchical crossbar (HXbar) NoC. To reduce the hardware overhead of the NoC, the SMs (LLC slices) are clustered, and the SMs (MCs) of a cluster share an SM-router (MC-router). All SM-routers have direct links to all MC-routers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-baseline-gpu-architecture-22a4uquc.png TABLE I: Baseline GPU architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-normalized-energy-consumption-selrep-llc-reduces-2fv23vks.png Fig. 16: Normalized energy consumption. SelRep LLC reduces energy consumption by 5.7% on average compared relative to the shared cache configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-llc-miss-rate-across-llc-organizations-selrep-llc-23mi3fpx.png Fig. 14: LLC miss rate across LLC organizations. SelRep LLC slightly increases LLC miss rates due to data replication compared to the Shared LLC across all configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-effective-llc-bandwidth-measured-as-llc-response-rate-vp1wh58g.png Fig. 15: Effective LLC bandwidth measured as LLC response rate (replies/cycle). SelRep LLC achieves the highest effective LLC bandwidth which explains why it outperforms the other LLC organizations. https://scispace.com/papers/selective-sampling-for-beat-tracking-evaluation-3cdut6p09s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-development-of-the-oracle-scores-for-the-three-bjb7yh8y.png Fig. 3. Development of the oracle scores for the three evaluation measures. The performance of the chosen committee is depicted by a cross and the vertical line marks the point with 5 BT in the oracle (a) Information gain (b) AMLt (c) F-measure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-left-side-each-column-of-the-image-depicts-a-histogram-wbffchkc.png Fig. 5. Left side: Each column of the image depicts a histogram obtained from mutual agreements of the 5 beat sequences for each song in the 678 samples used to derive Dataset2. The histograms are sorted by their mean values (BT-MMA). Dark colors indicate high histogram values. Files excluded from annotation lie between the vertical blue lines. Right side: MMA versus MGP scatter plots for the annotated 217 files in Dataset2. Pieces assumed to be easy according to their BT-MMA are depicted by gray circles with the remainder shown as black triangles (a) Information gain (b) Information gain (c) AMLt (d) AMLt (e) F-measure (f) F-measure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-result-of-automatic-beat-tracker-selection-maxma-sw4hdhbx.png Fig. 8. Result of automatic beat tracker selection (MaxMA), compared with single best beat tracker choice (Best mean) and oracle scores (Oracle) on Dataset1 using our committee of 5 BT. For the thresholds 0 to 3 bits on , the percentage of the 1360 files kept for evaluation is shown on the x-axis. The vertical line shows the point up to which differences between MaxMa and Beat mean are significant (a) Information gain (b) AMLt (c) F-measure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-setups-for-determining-difficulty-of-a-sample-for-beat-3vlgitle.png Fig. 1. Setups for determining difficulty of a sample for beat trackers, (a) With and, (b) Without ground truth (a) Ground truth given (b) No ground truth. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-ground-truth-performance-of-each-individual-bt-on-93zxjnea.png TABLE II GROUND TRUTH PERFORMANCE OF EACH INDIVIDUAL BT ON THE 217 ANNOTATED FILES IN DATASET2. BOLD NUMBERS INDICATE BEST PERFORMANCES. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-and-for-annotated-217-files-in-dataset2-pieces-which-1uwfkdc0.png Fig. 6. and for annotated 217 files in dataset2. Pieces which are considered easy according to their are depicted by gray circles (a) Scatter plot of versus , dotted lines indicate the chosen border for difficult files for beat tracking (vertical line) and human tappers (horizontal line) (b) Scatter plot of versus . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-frequency-of-tags-for-all-annotated-files-in-dataset2-21f53sbk.png Fig. 7. Frequency of tags for all annotated files in Dataset2. Tags indicate which signal properties made a sample appear difficult during the manual annotation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-tags-with-different-mean-according-to-t-test-14kgsql1.png TABLE III TAGS WITH DIFFERENT MEAN ACCORDING TO T-TEST, SORTED BY INCREASING P-VALUE, FROM TOP TO BOTTOM. THE PRESENCE OF A TAG IMPLIES THAT IT APPEARS SIGNIFICANTLY MORE FREQUENTLY FOR LOW . https://scispace.com/papers/selectively-de-animating-and-stabilizing-videos-5av3p69ii4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-12-in-this-example-the-skew-of-the-sandcastle-is-92pxjzdt.png Figure 5.12: In this example, the skew of the sandcastle is distracting in the baseline stabilization. Our result correctly preserves the shape of the sandcastle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-13-the-suddenly-jerk-in-the-video-at-frame-114-mz036mvx.png Figure 5.13: The suddenly jerk in the video at frame 114 results in the left facade being heavily distorted in the baseline stabilization. Notice how our result reduces the distortion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-typical-raw-distance-values-for-facial-regions-in-3ihtmajl.png Figure 4.4: Typical raw distance values for facial regions in an input video. Notice the eye blinks give rise to distance drops for the eyes. These time instances are marked with a blue horizontal arrow. A smile causes the distance of the lips to change and this time instance is marked with an orange horizontal arrow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-a-de-chiricos-love-song-by-giorgio-de-chirico-b-3ld0pfff.png Figure 1.3: (a) ’De Chirico’s Love Song’ by Giorgio de Chirico. (b) ’Les Demoiselles d’Avignon’ by Pablo Picasso. (c) ’L’Homme au Balcon’ by Albert Gleizes. (d) ’Blue Poles’ by Jackson Pollock. (e) Geometric abstraction by Josef Albers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-14-our-method-might-include-background-regions-from-27pt8qmc.png Figure 3.14: Our method might include background regions from the warped video in the final composite, causing distracting motions in the output for Ketchup. GMMs can be used to model the foreground and background appearance to achieve a better composition in this case. However, GMMs does not work for all cases as shown in Guitar, where it fails to find the boundary for compositing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-7-comparison-of-initial-baseline-with-result-using-3piimpxw.png Figure 5.7: Comparison of initial baseline with result using user-selected tracks. The face and torso of the subject have less horizontal stretch in the top example. The walls of the buildings on the left are less skewed in the bottom example. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-8-the-timings-for-track-selection-warping-1n61lez7.png Figure 4.8: The timings for track selection, warping, compositing and total time taken of our automatic algorithm for all our examples. Please look at our accompanying video for the results. Models E,F,T are shot with a mobile phone. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-15-notice-how-subjects-and-faces-in-the-baseline-3a954akl.png Figure 5.15: Notice how subjects and faces in the baseline results are skewed in either direction due to the extreme shake of the camera. In our result, these distortions are more pleasing to the eye as structures are largely vertical and pedestrians are not skewed. https://scispace.com/papers/selectively-targeting-breast-cancer-stem-cells-by-8-1prbtizkhk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-in-vivo-efficacy-of-ptx-in-combination-with-ncs-in-rtwqalex.png Figure 9. In vivo efficacy of PTX in combination with NCS in mice with orthotopic MDA-MB231 tumors A) Tumor volume measurements in study groups during the treatment. B) Tumor weights at the end of the experiment. Arrows indicate treatment points. Results are represented as the mean ± SEM in both graphs (animals/group ≥ 6). Statistic t-test analyses of combined treatment were performed in comparison with vehicle (black) as well as with PTX single treatment (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-effect-of-ptx-ncs-combination-on-ctc-and-lung-lid3s08y.png Figure 10. Effect of PTX-NCS combination on CTC and lung metastasis. A) Quantification of plasma circulating tumor cells (CTCs) isolated from the bloodstream of MDA-MB-231 tumorbearing mice and further analyzed by flow cytometry. Results are represented as the number of CTC events (mean ± SEM) per mL of blood collected and further normalized per gram of tumor tissue excised (n ≥ 6). Statistic t-test analysis was performed comparing the results between the study groups. B) Quantification of BLI signal intensity from mice lungs of all three-study groups. Results are expressed as the mean ± SEM of BLI signal (ph/s) per gram of lung tissue, (n ≥ 6). Statistic Mann-Whitney analysis was performed comparing the results between study groups. Representative BLI images of excised mice lungs from all-three study groups at endpoint necropsy are also shown. Bioluminescent signals were analyzed by ex vivo imaging using the IVIS Spectrum and further quantified using Living Image® 4.5.2 software. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-anti-csc-activity-of-selected-compounds-in-the-mda-3j9vgj1f.png Figure 2. Anti-CSC activity of selected compounds in the MDA-MB-231 CSC population cultured under low attachment conditions. A) Dose-response curves of CSC mammosphereforming efficiency (MSF) of MDA-MB-231 cells after drug treatments. B) Percentage of mammosphere after 7-day incubation with 1 µM PTX, 10 µM SAL and 8Q, and 15 µM NCS. Statistically significant results were obtained for all tested compounds when compared to PTX. Data are represented as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-the-combination-of-8q-or-ncs-with-ptx-in-25nh6khm.png Figure 6. Effect of the combination of 8Q or NCS with PTX in MDA-MB-231 mammospheres. A) Mammosphere-forming (MSF) efficiency of PTX, 8Q, NCS and their combination (2 μM, 25 μM and 4 μM, respectively). B) Mammosphere viability (MSV) of PTX, 8Q, NCS and their combination (4 μM, 50 μM and 8 μM, respectively). Results are represented as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments and referred to non-treated control condition. Statistic t-test analysis were performed comparing combination therapy with single anti-CSC treatments at the corresponding equivalent drug dose. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-selective-anti-csc-activity-of-screened-drugs-in-alrefdk0.png Figure 1. Selective anti-CSC activity of screened drugs in CSC and non-CSC MDA-MB-231 cells grown in attachment conditions. A) IC50 values for each compound in both subpopulations after 72 h incubation. B) Representation of IC50 of those compounds that showed a greater cytotoxic effect against CSCs compared to non-CSCs. Differences were statistically significant when comparing IC50 values of 8Q and NCS between both cell subpopulations, but not in the case of SAL. Data is represented as the mean ±SEM of three independent experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-the-combination-of-8q-and-ncs-with-ptx-in-7t2dpa7r.png Figure 4. Effect of the combination of 8Q and NCS with PTX in the cell viability of MDA-MB231 cells. A) Combination index (CI) of different PTX to 8Q drug ratios, shown as heat maps (CI>1 indicating antagonism in blue, CI<1 showing synergism in red). Studies were done fixing PTX concentration first at its IC50 value (2 µM) and changing the 8Q concentration (top values), and fixing 8Q concentration at its IC50 value (25 µM) and varying then PTX concentration (bottom values). B) Viability of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with PTX, 8Q or the 1:12.5 PTX:8Q ratio. C) CI of different PTX to NCS ratios, again fixing first the PTX at its IC50 value (2 µM) and changing the NCS concentration (IC50 value 0.5 µM) and vice versa (lower part of the table). D) Viability of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with PTX, NCS or the 1:2 PTX:NCS ratio. Data is represented as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effect-of-8q-and-ptx-treatments-in-the-nf-kb-3d5303fy.png Figure 7. Effect of 8Q and PTX treatments in the NF-κB signaling pathway in MDA-MB-231 cells. A) Representative Western blots of total and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 protein levels upon treatment with PTX, 8Q or their combination (2 μM and 25 μM, respectively). The β-actin protein expression level was used as loading control. B) Quantification of band intensity in Western blots. Results are expressed as normalized protein levels referred to β-actin expression, represented as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Statistic t-test analysis of 8Q and combined therapy were done in comparison with control non-treated cells (black) as well as with PTX treatment (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cytotoxic-efficacy-of-selected-compounds-assessed-by-5um3kwja.png Table 1. Cytotoxic efficacy of selected compounds assessed by MTT assays. IC50 values of the assessed compounds in luminal A cell line MCF-7 and in TNBC cell lines (mean ±SEM). https://scispace.com/papers/selectivity-and-competitive-interactions-between-two-benthic-239o0wq3wr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-selectivity-index-q-dd13c-dd15n-1000-of-p-antipodarum-2x6zvuih.png Fig. 4 Selectivity index Q [(Dd13C/Dd15N) · 1000] of P. antipodarum and A. aquaticus in single-grazer (P and A) and mixedgrazer treatments (PA) on the first (day 1) and the second day (day 2) of incubation (mean ± SD). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-d13c-and-d15n-of-faecal-pellets-single-measurements-in-1fet27ip.png Fig. 3 d13C and d15N of faecal pellets (single measurements) in single-grazer (P and A) and mixed-grazer treatments (PA) on the first (day 1) and the second day (day 2) of incubation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-selectivity-q-results-of-a-full-factorial-a-n-o-v-a-q6hy40rz.png Table 3 Selectivity Q. Results of a full-factorial A N O V A for selectivity with time (d1, d2) and species combination (single, mixed) as independent factors and Q (Dd13C/Dd15N) as dependent variable. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-13c-and-15n-uptake-by-a-p-antipodarum-and-b-a-wk8byypz.png Table 2 13C and 15N-uptake by (a) P. antipodarum and (b) A. aquaticus. Results of a full factorial A N O V A for tracer uptake, with time (d1, d2) and species combination (single, mixed) as independent factors and total 13C- or 15N-uptake as dependent variables. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-dd13c-mean-sd-and-b-dd15n-mean-sd-of-p-antipodarum-3ukp8we5.png Fig. 2 (a) Dd13C (mean ± SD) and (b) Dd15N (mean ± SD) of P. antipodarum and A. aquaticus in the single- and mixed-grazer treatments after one day (1) and after the second day (2) of incubation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-grazing-on-n-palea-f-crotonensis-results-of-a-full-3mjhwm5k.png Table 1 Grazing on N. palea + F. crotonensis. Results of a full factorial A N O V A for total algal biovolume, with time (d1, d2) and treatment (C, P, A, PA) as independent factors and total biovolume as dependent variable. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-biovolume-mean-sd-of-a-f-crotonensis-and-b-n-palea-in-3bwir52h.png Fig. 1 Biovolume (mean ± SD) of (a) F. crotonensis and (b) N. palea in control (C), single-grazer with P. antipodarum (P) and A. aquaticus (A), and mixed-grazer treatments (PA) on day 1 and day 2 of incubation. https://scispace.com/papers/selective-translation-of-epigenetic-modifiers-drives-the-2zefctkmq4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fbl-selectively-regulates-the-translation-of-genes-1z13ht6g.png Figure 5 | Fbl selectively regulates the translation of genes involved in H3K27me3 modification. a, Schematics of the experimental design for evaluation of translational efficiency (TE). b, Mean-count and mean-difference plots comparing observed and expected variance in TE. Genes with q-value <0.01 are shown in red. c, Top 10 GO terms of transcripts showing reduced TE. d,e, Western blotting (d) and single-cell RNA analysis (e) of the indicated genes, showing reduced protein levels, but not mRNA levels, of Ezh2 and Kdm6b in DKO brains at E14. Notice that Sox2 and Pax6 did not show changes in neither protein nor mRNA levels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-fbl-drives-developmental-clock-of-nscs-fbl-2myo0dhx.png Figure 8 | Fbl drives developmental clock of NSCs. Fbl selectively enhances the translation of Ezh2 and Kdm6b through their the 5′UTR in a cap-independent manner. Ezh2 and Kdm6b change H3K27me3 pattern in NSCs. H3K27me3 patterning further affects gene expression change and regulates the temporal fate of NSCs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fbl-regulates-translation-through-the-5utr-in-a-cap-3nodw926.png Figure 7 | Fbl regulates translation through the 5′UTR in a cap-independent manner. a, 5′UTR minimum free energy (MFE) cumulative distribution of mRNAs showing changes in translational efficiency (TE) after Fbl knockout. Randomly selected mRNAs are shown as controls (Wilcoxon signed rank test). b, A poly(U) motif enriched in the 5′UTRs of mRNAs with downregulated TE. c, Experimental assessment of cap-independent translational initiation. d, Relative cap-independent translational activity in control and Fbl knockdown cells (n=3, Student t-test; data are presented as mean±s.d.) e,f, Changes in mRNA (left) and protein levels (right) after Ezh2 (e) and Kdm6b (f) 5′UTR knockout (n=3; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s tests (e) and Student t-test (f); data are presented as mean±s.d.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fbl-is-essential-for-cell-cycle-progression-a-1px0td6j.png Figure 4 | Fbl is essential for cell cycle progression. a, Representative image of E14 brain sections stained for Sox2, Edu, and Ph3. Edu was injected 1 h before sampling. Scale bar: 100 µm. b, c, Cell number quantification on sections based on immunostaining with the indicated markers (n=5, 6, and 3 mice for Fbl+/+, Fbl∆/+, and DKO, respectively; n=2 sections per mouse; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc tests; data are presented as mean±s.d. of counted sections). d, Schematics of the experimental design to investigate NSC cell cycle progression after treatment with control or Fbl siRNA. pHes5-d2-EGFP was used to label NSCs. e, Cell cycle analysis of NSCs after Fbl knockdown. f, Proportion of G1/G0, S, and G2/M phase change after Fbl knockdown for 1 day (left) or 2 days (right) (Student’s t-test; data are presented as mean±s.d.) https://scispace.com/papers/selectivity-of-spr-fiber-sensors-in-absorptive-media-an-1p36tbjqeo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-results-showing-the-behavior-of-the-1ch6f1fx.png Fig. 5. Experimental results showing the behavior of the sensor when immersed in a mixture of methanol and different quantities of ethyleneglycol, with refractive index varying from 1.3287 to 1.3440. This medium is nonabsorbing and the plasmon d i https://scispace.com/papers/selenium-in-radiation-oncology-hsrp19m3q4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-and-mean-values-of-patients-included-in-349wzt3z.png Table 2. Number and mean values of patients included in studies of our working group with measurement of Se and Se-PP. https://scispace.com/papers/self-adaptive-decision-making-mechanisms-to-balance-the-ea5n1ygwk9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-percentage-of-alive-robots-in-a-50x50-grid-area-1r6pdptj.png Figure 21: Percentage of alive robots in a 50x50 grid area, varying the dimension of the swarm of robots and 3 robots needed to handle a target. (a) 10 targets (b) 15 targets (c) 20 targets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-evaluation-of-the-total-time-steps-to-execute-the-3e9gjqai.png Figure 14: Evaluation of the total time steps to execute the mission in 50x50 squares and 40 robots and 3 robots to handle a target. (a) 15 targets to be handled. (b) 20 targets to be handled. (c) 35 targets to be handled. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-evaluation-of-the-total-energy-consumed-by-the-2xv83ao9.png Figure 15: Evaluation of the total energy consumed by the system in 50x50 squares and 40 robots and 3 robots to treat a target. (a) 15 targets (b) 20 targets (c) 35 targets . https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-used-in-the-exploration-algorithm-sfvl17sa.png Table 1: Parameters used in the exploration algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-used-in-the-firefly-algorithm-rty7smpp.png Table 2: Parameters used in the Firefly Algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cost-related-to-the-wireless-communication-ck7jpmag.png Table 3: Cost related to the wireless communication. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-evaluation-of-the-total-time-steps-in-a-grid-area-1jmumfrr.png Figure 16: Evaluation of the total time steps in a grid area 50x50. (a) 15 targets. (b) 20 targets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-evaluation-of-the-total-time-steps-in-a-100x100-37h4r2tk.png Figure 17: Evaluation of the total time steps in a 100x100 grid area, varying the dimension of the swarm with (a) 20 targets and (b) 30 targets. https://scispace.com/papers/self-adaptive-approach-for-optimisation-of-passive-control-v818k856d9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-development-of-pt-forces-in-udda-controlled-frame-2fjpagag.png Figure 2. Development of PT forces in UDDA-controlled frame (Eljajeh, 2013). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-resultant-forces-from-simulations-of-the-dynamic-3unqvok0.png Table 1. Resultant forces from simulations of the dynamic response of semi-actively controlled structures to the artificial design earthquake for braced frame with controlled friction connections and PT frame with controlled PT forces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-statistics-of-maximum-base-shear-of-the-braced-254o8ykx.png Figure 14. Statistics of maximum base shear of the braced frame: (a) (b) and (c) . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-details-of-10-real-earthquake-records-used-in-2l3ylj10.png Table 2. Details of 10 real earthquake records used in simulations (Regents of the University of California, 2000). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-statistics-of-maximum-floor-accelerations-of-the-s1ttad9n.png Figure 12. Statistics of maximum floor accelerations of the braced frame: (a) (b) and (c) . https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentage-reductions-and-increase-of-average-2hbwdtoe.png Table 3. Percentage reductions and increase of average maximum storey displacements from frames designed using SAOA: (+) increase, (-) reduction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-six-storey-pt-steel-braced-frame-a-frame-geometry-3teyazon.png Figure 5. Six-storey PT steel braced frame: (a) frame geometry and sections, (b) idealised model of the frame, (c) modal properties of the frame and (d) element and section properties (Eljajeh and Petkovski, 2015). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-details-of-the-artificial-design-earthquake-a-1ctccqix.png Figure 6. Details of the artificial design earthquake: (a) response spectra and (b) time history (Seismosoft, 2013). https://scispace.com/papers/self-adaptive-particle-swarm-optimization-for-large-scale-5fw4567on9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-references-and-formulas-of-the-25-csgss-2m4prilh.png Table 1. References and formulas of the 25 CSGSs https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sorted-csgss-3bh9sam9.png Table 4. Sorted CSGSs https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sorted-csgss-on-the-first-5-datasets-34d59rb6.png Table 3. Sorted CSGSs on the first 5 datasets https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-mean-fitness-values-of-the-best-solutions-3tpp6o47.png Table 5. The mean fitness values of the best solutions obtained by dierent algorithms on the five data sets https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-a-b4-with-25-csgss-2ufn1q34.png Fig. 1. An example of a B4@ with 25 CSGSs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-convergence-curves-on-ds1-ds12-2zwtmoo2.png Fig. 3. Convergence curves on DS1-DS12. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-changing-curves-of-strategy-selection-probabilities-on-31vbwmhe.png Fig. 4. Changing curves of strategy selection probabilities on DS1-DS12. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-parameter-values-of-the-comparison-algorithms-27xtpdmy.png Table 2. The Parameter Values of the Comparison Algorithms https://scispace.com/papers/self-adaptive-service-monitoring-1jjerq677t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cpu-usage-of-self-adaptive-monitor-with-two-agents-376m6rs6.png Fig. 4: CPU usage of self-adaptive monitor with two agents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-examples-of-a-paranoid-and-b-optimistic-monitor-12zdhqgf.png Fig. 1: Examples of (a) paranoid and (b) optimistic monitor policies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cpu-usage-of-active-and-passive-monitor-with-two-2b9jleio.png Fig. 3: CPU usage of active and passive monitor with two agents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-data-and-communication-of-a-active-and-b-passive-3nf95g3f.png Fig. 2: Data and communication of (a) active and (b) passive monitoring. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-experiments-2radwpb0.png Table 1: Overview of experiments https://scispace.com/papers/self-adjoint-curl-operators-5539sgoa2r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-boundaries-of-cuts-s1-and-s1-for-the-torus-left-and-8mzhj4qk.png Fig. 1 Boundaries of cuts ∂S1 and ∂S′1 for the torus (left) and trefoil knot (right), g = 1 in each case https://scispace.com/papers/self-assembled-nanoscale-ferroelectrics-ypf5seqyxc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-scanning-electron-microscopy-image-of-a-1slyysnb.png Figure 9 Scanning electron microscopy image of (a) agglomerated BaTiO3 nanoparticles and (b) BaTiO3 nanoparticles deposited on a Nb:STO substrate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bimodal-distribution-of-bismuth-oxide-3esz8geb.png Figure 6 Bimodal distribution of bismuth oxide nanoelectrodes showing the coexistence of pyramids and domes and the excellent fit to the distribution function of Wiliams et al. [30]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cross-sectional-and-plan-view-micrographs-and-2f0oud2i.png Figure 7 Cross-sectional and plan-view micrographs and calculated contrasts of the PZT (48/52) nanocrystals. (a) Cross-sectional HREM image of a (001)-oriented PZT nanoisland in [010] projection; misfit dislocations indicated by T. (b) An enlarged interface zone of a; the rectangle and square indicating respective PZT and STO lattices; inset, multislice contrast simulation at t= 4 nm and f=−60 nm with PbO-(Zr,Ti)O2-SrO-TiO2 stacking across the interface. At these imaging conditions, bright and dark contrasts represent the cation and anion columns, respectively. (c) Bright-field planview image recorded under g = [220] on specimens annealed at 950◦C for 1h, the dark contrasts showing the network of misfit dislocations [31]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plan-view-sem-micrograph-of-a-bismuth-containing-tok5g5re.png Figure 1 Plan view SEM micrograph of a bismuth-containing nanoelectrode array [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-topography-image-a-and-piezoelectric-images-b-c-1lty1chb.png Figure 2 Topography image (a) and piezoelectric images (b, c) showing switching of a single memory cell. The contour of the cell marked “A” has been determined from the topography image. The cell “B” is shown before (b), and after (c) applying a single voltage pulse of +10 V for 100 ms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-highly-ordered-epitaxial-pzt-nanostructures-2cxf14rg.png Figure 8 Highly ordered epitaxial PZT nanostructures obtained by hydrothermal growth on Nb:STO (100) single crystal substrates [37]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-pfm-hysteresis-loops-obtained-from-bto-3d2297bu.png Figure 12 PFM hysteresis loops obtained from BTO nanostructures of different size. d33 is the effective piezoelectric coefficient along the vertical of the nanostructure. For curves a, b, and c, see the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-batio3-nanostructures-deposited-onto-vicinal-srtio3-s3ysxrm3.png Figure 3 BaTiO3 nanostructures deposited onto vicinal SrTiO3 by pulsed laser deposition. https://scispace.com/papers/self-assembly-and-magnetic-properties-of-a-double-propeller-4em5jjad3y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-temperature-dependence-of-cmt-for-3-o-experimental-werl2kbu.png Fig. 2 Temperature dependence of cMT for 3: (o) experimental data; (- -) best fit for two isolated Cu4 molecules, and (—) best fit for a Cu8 molecule. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-perspective-view-of-the-cationic-octacopper-unit-of-3bvby5xy.png Fig. 1 (a) Perspective view of the cationic octacopper unit of 3 with the numbering scheme for metal atoms. Selected intermetallic distances (Å) with standard deviations in parentheses: Cu(1)–Cu(2) 5.440(13), Cu(1)– Cu(1I) 6.612(7), Cu(2)–Cu(2II) 9.307(2) (symmetry codes: I = x, y, 1/2 2 z; II = 2y, x 2 y, z; III = 2x + y, 2x, z). (b) Side and (c) top views of the octacopper skeleton of 3. https://scispace.com/papers/self-assembly-and-surface-patterning-of-polyferrocenylsilane-1jj0dn8bu9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-electrooxidation-induced-sa-and-sp-of-pfdms-capped-2nnjibhd.png Figure 4. Electrooxidation-induced SA and SP of PFDMS-capped gold NPs (a) Cyclic voltammograms of PFDMS polymer (blue) and PFDMS-functionalized gold NPs (red) in 0.1M TEATFB electrolyte solution in DCM. Sweep rate 200 mV/s. (b) PFDMS oxidation at +0.7 V over 30 min for PFDMS (blue) and PFDMS-capped gold NPs (red) in 0.1M TEATFB electrolyte solution in DCM. (c, d) Representative SEM images of (c) PFDMS-stabilized Au NPs on the carbon paper electrode coated with clusters of PFDMS-NPs after 30 min oxidation at +0.7 V applied potential relative to Ag/Ag+ and (d) individual PFDMS-stabilized Au NPs on the carbon paper electrode after 10 min oxidation at +0.7 V applied potential relative to Ag/Ag+. Scale bars are 250 nm in (c) and 100 nm in (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tem-images-of-pfdms-capped-gold-nps-a-self-3m9wehdm.png Figure 3. TEM images of PFDMS-capped gold NPs (a) Self-assembled nanostructures formed by PFDMS-functionalized gold NPs at CNP=10 nM. Scale bar 500 nm. (b) TEM image of an individual gold PFDMS-capped NP patterned with a PFDMS patch. Scale bar 50 nm. CNP=1 nM. Both SA and SP were performed in the chloroform/cyclohexane mixture (φ=0.5) upon heating at 60 °C for 15 min. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-solvent-quality-on-interparticle-distance-278wp3xl.png Figure 2. Effect of solvent quality on interparticle distance. (a) TEM images of PFDMStethered NPs deposited of the grid from chloroform/cyclohexane solution with varying volume fraction of cyclohexane, ϕ. Scale bars are 50 nm. (b) Variation in the average interparticle distance with ϕ. The 10 nM solution of PFDMS-capped NPs was subjected to heating at 60°C for 15 min. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-thiol-terminated-pfdms-top-left-p8r8vf0s.png Figure 1. Structure of thiol-terminated PFDMS (top left), schematic of self-assembly, SA (middle-top) and surface patterning, SP (middle-bottom) of polymer-capped NPs, both triggered by a decrease in solvent quality for the polymer ligands. https://scispace.com/papers/self-assembly-of-artificial-microtubules-4wqevs6ejl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-consecutive-snapshots-at-al-4-4-kbt-and-av-2-6-kbt-qwvo7svm.png FIG. 10: Consecutive snapshots at AL = 4.4 kBT and AV = 2.6 kBT show the formation of a closed ring ((a)-(c)) by capturing a dimer and the subsequent relaxation ((d)-(e)) into a helical structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-consecutive-snapshots-show-the-capture-of-a-cluster-1d4h2oxk.png FIG. 11: Consecutive snapshots show the capture of a cluster by a partial tube and the formation of a closed one ((a)(f)). The tube subsequently relaxes into a helical structure ((g)-(i)). In (j), each monomer is represented by a sphere to illustrate clearly the helical feature of the tube. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-wedge-shaped-monomer-b-an-ideal-ring-formed-by-13-3817rmdc.png FIG. 1: (a) A wedge-shaped monomer; (b) An ideal ring formed by 13 monomers; (c) An ideal tube with 3 rings stacked. Each monomer consists of 35 sites, of which 27 particles (gray) form its back-bone and the other 8 sites on the surfaces (in color) are the locations of the attractive interaction centers. Attractions only act between sites with the same color. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-bonding-energy-u-t-as-a-function-of-time-for-a-3-3vpim4mp.png FIG. 6: The bonding energy U(t) as a function of time for A = 3 kBT . The horizontal line shows the mean bonding energy UB before the dissociation, and the time tb is the bond lifetime in this MD run. https://scispace.com/papers/self-assembly-of-hydrogen-bonding-gradient-copolymers-9es450d1d5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-synthesis-of-mma-btama-copolymers-via-concurrent-3vw9kx0w.png Table 1. Synthesis of MMA/BTAMA Copolymers via Concurrent Tandem Living Radical Polymerizationa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cd-spectra-of-p1-in-12-dichloroethane-blue-or-35f6uhbf.png Figure 4. CD spectra of P1 in 1,2-dichloroethane (blue) or methylcyclohexane (black) at 25 oC: (λ = 200-400 nm, [BTA] = 50 μM, l = 0.5 cm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-synthesis-of-ehma-btama-copolymers-p1-p3-via-9x1bsjnx.png Figure 1. Synthesis of EHMA/BTAMA copolymers (P1 – P3) via concurrent tandem catalysis of LRP and in-situ transesterification: [EHMA]/[ECPA]/[Ru(Ind)Cl(PPh3)2]/[Ti(Oi-Pr)4]/[n-Bu3N]/ [BTA-OH] = 1000/5/2/8 (P1), 15 (P2), and 20 (P3)/20/120 mM in 1,4-dioxane at 80 oC. (a-c) Total monomer conversion and BTAMA content in monomer; (a, b) 1,4-dioxane solutions of Ti(Oi-Pr)4 catalyst were added to polymerization solutions at (a) 4 h or (b) 2 h under argon. (d) BTAMA content in monomer as a function of total conversion. (e) Instantaneous BTAMA composition in copolymers as a function of normalized chain length. (f) SEC curves of products obtained with 8 or 20 mM Ti. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-synthesis-of-a-ehma-btama-bifunctional-gradient-wz4u1f6h.png Figure 3. Synthesis of a EHMA/BTAMA bifunctional gradient copolymer (P4) via concurrent tandem catalysis: [EHMA]/[DCAP]/[Ru(Ind)Cl(PPh3)2]/[Ti(Oi-Pr)4]/[n-Bu3N]/[BTA-OH] = 1000/5/2/8/20/120 mM in 1,4-dioxane at 80 oC. (a) Total monomer conversion and BTAMA content in monomer; a 1,4-dioxane solution of Ti(Oi-Pr)4 was added to the polymerization solution at 4 h under argon. (b) BTAMA content in monomer as a function of total conversion. (c) Instantaneous BTAMA composition of P4 or P1 as a function of normalized chain length. (d) SEC curves of the products https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dls-intensity-size-distribution-of-ehma-btama-1k6pd5h7.png Figure 6. DLS intensity size distribution of EHMA/BTAMA copolymers (P1, P3, and P4) in (a) DCE or (b) MCH at 25 oC: [Polymer] = 1 mg/mL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-temperature-dependent-cd-cooling-curves-of-ehma-2tafo2zj.png Figure 5. Temperature-dependent CD cooling curves of EHMA/BTAMA copolymers (P1-P4) in organic solvents ([BTA] = 50 μM, l = 0.5 cm) at a cooling rate of 60 K h-1 on probed at λ = 223 nm. (a) P1 in 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE), methylcyclohexane (MCH), and mixed solvents (DCE/MCH = 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, 0/100, v/v). (b, d) P1, P3, and P4 in (b) DCE or (d) MCH. (c) P1, P2, P3, and P4 in DCE/MCH (75/25, v/v). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1h-nmr-spectra-of-ehma-btama-copolymers-in-cd2cl2-3lrxtmdb.png Figure 2. 1H NMR spectra of EHMA/BTAMA copolymers in CD2Cl2 at 25 oC: (b) P1 (74% conversion, 23 h); (a) the intermediate at 39% conversion (11 h). https://scispace.com/papers/self-assembly-modularity-and-physical-complexity-54m1upqgbv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-histogram-of-the-assembly-complexity-of-3v3esisy.png FIG. 5. Color online Histogram of the assembly complexity of protein quaternary structures with frequency of occurrence in the 3DComplex database. Insets illustrate two pairs of equally sized structures with high and low complexity values. 1geh, 1i3q, 1q2v, and 1ohh are the PDB identifiers of the complexes. The plot has an R2=0.93 correlation with a power-law decay. Note that in this case we do not distinguish between different types of subunit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-the-position-of-the-15-733-protein-bh84ds0a.png FIG. 6. Color online The position of the 15 733 protein complexes from 27 in the space of b number of building block types and z size of the complex . Many protein complexes are highly modular, and this is true across a wide range of sizes. In this plot complexes of equal modularity m=z /b lie on a diagonal line with positive gradient. The lines are shown for m=1, 2, and 10. The sizes of the circles show how many complexes lie at a given position z ,b . The insets show two examples with PDB identifiers 1kyo and 1b5s , with high and low modularities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-illustration-of-nuclei-placement-top-if-we-specify-2jak7k5l.png FIG. 8. Illustration of nuclei placement. Top: If we specify either of the two starred blocks as nuclei, deterministic bonding will result. However, if any other block is used as the nucleus, bonding will be non-deterministic, as both the 1,0,0,4 and 1,0,5,0 blocks can join the open ‘2’ faces that will form. This self-assembly kit has a complexity of K=42.4 bits. Bottom: A general nucleus system to produce the same structure, illustrating the required increase in complexity K=98.1 bits . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-simple-example-of-a-steric-effect-the-two-blocks-1-1wc8aazs.png FIG. 7. A simple example of a steric effect. The two blocks 1 and 2 have colors A and B on their interfaces. These colors attract each other. All other faces are neutral. Certain arrangements of colors will lead to self-delimiting structures purely because of the geometry of the building blocks. The complexity of such structures can be taken to be the same as that of an infinite chain consisting of the same sequence of blocks, but only if each loop structure inside a bigger structure has a distinct set of species of building blocks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-deterministic-and-nondeterministic-1k33xw8o.png FIG. 1. An example of deterministic and nondeterministic selfassembly kits, using simple 2D lattice structures polyominoes . In both cases, colors A and B attract each other, but C attracts neither A nor B. No color attracts itself. The kit on the left will always assemble into the cross shape while that on the right will assemble into an irregular cluster, as there are several ways in which the two blocks can attach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-an-illustration-of-the-crucial-steps-5b-to-5j-of-the-1fmnzy05.png FIG. 9. An illustration of the crucial steps 5b to 5j of the algorithm for minimizing the assembly kit size, in this case for a polyomino. In every iteration of category 1 labelings left , all unlabelled nodes with exactly one unlabelled neighbor are given labels which distinguish them according to their topologically distinct neighborhoods of unlabelled and labeled tiles. This procedure is repeated until no more blocks can be labeled in this way. The remaining blocks are given category 2 labelings right which are applied simultaneously, with each label distinguishing the topological neighborhoods of the tiles in the previous iteration. Note that in the last iteration the labelings have stabilized, and only the interfaces of the building block types are updated. For structures in which edges can be redundant, this operation can be performed for all spanning subgraphs of the structure’s connectivity graph, which further reduces the complexity. In polyominoes, edges can be redundant, but there are no spanning subgraphs in the above example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-complexity-values-of-these-four-polyomino-shapes-9gel5lvu.png FIG. 2. The complexity values of these four polyomino shapes illustrate why the self-assembly approach is an effective way of measuring symmetry and modularity without requiring prior assumptions. If two shapes are of equal size, the one with more symmetry and modularity has a lower complexity value—compare A with B, and C with D. If on the other hand, two shapes are of similar complexity, but of different size, the larger one will be more symmetric or modular compare B and C . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-polyominoes-left-the-two-polyominoes-shown-in-a-and-b-3evmg889.png FIG. 10. POLYOMINOES left : The two polyominoes shown in a and b share many building block types, with the only two unique ones being blocks 5 and 6 marked in gray . Hence, the joint set is S̃A,B= 1,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6 , the mutual set is S̃A:B= 1,2 ,3 ,4 and the conditional sets are: S̃A B= 5 and S̃B A= 6 . Building block 5 contributes K A B =2 log2 9+2=8.4 bits to the complexity K A of the A shape, while block 6 contributes K B A =4 log2 9 =12.7 bits to K B . It follows therefore that the joint complexity is K A ,B =67.4 bits and the mutual complexity is K A :B =46.4 bits, compared to the standalone values of K A =K A =54.7 bits and K B =K B =59.1 bits see Fig. 2 . AMINO ACIDS right : The two amino acid molecules asparagine top, C and glutamine bottom, D share the amino NH2 and carboxyl CO2H groups common to all amino acids, as well as the carboxamide group CONH2 . In a self-assembly framework these two structures have complexities of K Asn =74.3 bits and K Gln =91 bits. While K Gln =K Gln , we have K Asn =78.0 bits. Because the two molecules share three groups, their joint complexity is not much larger than their individual complexities, at K Asn ,Gln =104.0 bits, and their mutual complexity is not much smaller, at K Asn :Gln =65 bits, than the complexities of the individual molecules. Their conditional complexities are correspondingly low, at K Asn Gln =13 bits and K Gln Asn =26 bits. The conditional complexities give the amount of information required to describe the building blocks atoms which are unique in their self-assembly role to the given amino acid. These atoms are marked with gray circles. https://scispace.com/papers/self-assembly-of-supramolecules-consisting-of-octyl-gallate-1h272il7y8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tem-image-of-the-shear-aligned-cylindrical-3lrw8jzn.png Figure 3. TEM image of the shear-aligned cylindrical morphology of P4VP(OG)0.75 cylinders in a matrix of PI. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-saxs-patterns-of-a-pi-b-p2vp-b-pi-b-p2vp-og-0-25-c-2ymk1r3f.png Figure 4. SAXS patterns of (a) PI-b-P2VP, (b) PI-b-P2VP(OG)0.25, (c) PI-b-P2VP(OG)0.75, (d) PI-b-P2VP(OG)1.0, and (e) PI-bP2VP(OG)1.20, collected during heating or cooling at 10 °C/min. Arrows indicate temperature direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-position-q-and-intensity-i-q-of-the-main-scattering-2hrkn7ke.png Figure 5. Position q* and intensity I(q*) of the main scattering peak observed for the PI-b-P2VP(OG)1.0 sample as a function of temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-illustration-of-reduction-in-characteristic-length-19wjndfo.png Figure 8. Illustration of reduction in characteristic length scale as a result of the relaxation of the P2VP blocks. The upper scheme describes the low-temperature stretched chains due to the hydrogen-bonded side chains, whereas the lower scheme describes the situation where the side chains are not hydrogen bonded to the backbones and are only miscible in the P2VP domains due to the polarity of both components, thus leading to a collapse of the periodicity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristic-properties-of-pi-b-p2vp-og-x-at-170-3r49fu0k.png Table 3. Characteristic Properties of PI-b-P2VP(OG)x at 170 °C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-saxs-patterns-of-pi-b-p2vp-og-1-0-at-indicated-e0gotv8k.png Figure 6. SAXS patterns of PI-b-P2VP(OG)1.0 at indicated temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-saxs-patterns-of-pi-b-p2vp-og-1-0-as-a-function-of-3hpsctba.png Figure 7. SAXS patterns of PI-b-P2VP(OG)1.0 as a function of temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-qualitative-phase-diagram-of-pi-b-p2vp-og-x-as-a-ejofvb9o.png Figure 11. Qualitative phase diagram of PI-b-P2VP(OG)x as a function of the amount of octyl gallate x plotted according to the SAXS observations for x ) 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.2. D, S, H, L, L2 denote disordered, spherical, hexagonal, lamellar, and lamellar structure with reduced spacing. I indicates intermediate state corresponding to a transistion usually involving the presence of two different structures. https://scispace.com/papers/self-assembly-of-nanoparticles-in-three-dimensions-formation-4sy4w2dd84 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-time-evolution-of-the-density-of-nanoparticles-2a6t49iz.png Figure 7. Time evolution of the density of nanoparticles (bottom) and liquid (top) for homogeneous evaporating conditions. Att ) 0 the interparticle interaction was increased by 25%. Each color represents the time evolution of the 2D density at a different layer. Color scheme same as in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketch-of-the-cubic-lattice-of-our-model-each-2hnhzmtd.png Figure 1. Sketch of the cubic lattice of our model. Each lattice cell of size ê is occupied by gas, liquid, nanoparticle, or surface. The color scheme shown is maintained in subsequent figures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-snapshots-of-a-3d-trajectory-resulting-from-vyodokxn.png Figure 4. Snapshots of a 3D trajectory resulting from heterogeneous evaporation. (Left) Density of nanoparticles only (red), and (right) density of nanoparticles and density of the liquid (blue). Note that the final morphology is 2D. Under these conditions the density of nanoparticles in the second layer vanishes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-evolution-of-the-density-of-nanoparticles-17csf58f.png Figure 3. Time evolution of the density of nanoparticles (bottom) and liquid (top) for homogeneous evaporating conditions. Each color represents the time evolution of the 2D density at a different layer. The value of the 2D density is 1 if all cells are occupied or 0 if all cells are empty. Different curves represent the 2D density from bottom (near the substrate) to top: Black, red, green, blue, yellow, brown, gray, violet, cyan, and magenta. This color scheme is maintained in similar subsequent figures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-evolution-of-the-density-of-nanoparticles-20j9cehc.png Figure 5. Time evolution of the density of nanoparticles (bottom) and liquid (top) for heterogeneous evaporating conditions. Each color represents the time evolution of the 2D density at a different layer. Color scheme same as in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-snapshots-of-a-3d-trajectory-resulting-from-1pylopzj.png Figure 6. Snapshots of a 3D trajectory resulting from homogeneous evaporation. (Left) Density of nanoparticles only (red), and (right) density of nanoparticles and density of the liquid (blue). The formation of conical nanostalagmites seen at late times is a result of the increase of the interparticle interaction strength att ) 0. https://scispace.com/papers/self-assembly-of-nanoscale-lateral-segregation-profiles-3uztanoz5x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cluster-expansion-energies-of-approximately-13-000-1myabrzt.png FIG. 4. Cluster-expansion energies (+) of approximately 13 000 different substrate structures each for the bare PtRh(111) surface (top left), for one of the h-BN wire regions (bottom left), and for the h-BN pore region (bottom right) as a function of Pt concentration. Information about the segregation profile in the two topmost substrate layers is color-coded by the number of Pt atoms per layer. The filled areas code for the topmost layer, and the colored + for the second layer (blue denoting an all-Pt, red an all-Rh layer). The energy scale in all plots is given with respect to the bare case. The top right panel summarizes the lateral segregation scenario where the first two PtRh layers in the unit cell are represented by chains of 10 atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mg-ka-excited-x-ray-photoelectron-diffraction-xpd-206eyqn3.png FIG. 3. Mg Kα excited x-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) patterns for Rh 3d5/2 (Ekin = 939.8 eV) and Pt 4f7/2 (Ekin = 1175.5 eV) emission. (a) Rh bare, (b) Pt bare, (c) Rh h-BN, and (d) Pt h-BN. (e) Cross-ratio X [Eq. (1)]. (f) Polar dependence of X on the azimuths containing 〈110〉 and 〈001〉 (solid line) and the azimuthal average (open circles). The red line is X as obtained from the Pt profiles in (g). (g) Pt concentrations as a function of the layer number. Note the swap of about 10% between the first and second layers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-identification-of-the-nanomesh-superstructure-of-hbn-2c05j5sr.png FIG. 2. Identification of the nanomesh superstructure of hBN/PtRh(111). (a) Low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) pattern (E = 70 eV). The 1 × 1 PtRh(111) principal spots are surrounded by h-BN-induced superstructure spots. (b) Surface x-ray diffraction (SXRD) along the h direction showing the crystal truncation rod and h-BN-derived 11/10 and 9/10 superstructure rods. (c) Normal emission angular resolved He Iα spectra for bare PtRh (black) and h-BN/PtRh(111) (red). The spectra are normalized to the intensity of the valence band peak at ∼1 eV. The dashed lines indicate the positions of the σ bands of the h-BN layer corresponding to the pores (α) or wires (β) as shown in the inset. (d) Scanning tunneling microscopy images taken in constant current mode (150 × 150 nm2, It = 1 nA,Ut = 5 mV, drift corrected). The inset (3.7 × 3.7 nm2, It = 1.5 nA, Ut = 0.5 mV) reveals, after subtraction of the corrugation, the superhoneycomb unit cell with atomic resolution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mg-ka-excited-rh-3d-and-pt-4d5-2-x-ray-photoelectron-31lruref.png FIG. 1. Mg Kα excited Rh 3d and Pt 4d5/2 x-ray photoelectron spectra of bare PtRh at (a) normal, (b) grazing and h-BN/PtRh at (c) normal and (d) grazing emission angles. The spectra are normalized to the Rh 3d5/2 intensity. The relative increase of the Pt 4d5/2 signal at 315 eV in going from normal to grazing emission indicates Pt surface segregation. The decrease of the grazing Pt signal for hBN/PtRh indicates h-BN-induced Rh segregation to the top layer. The pie diagrams represent the Pt (blue) and the Rh (red) atomic concentrations for the respective probing depths. https://scispace.com/papers/self-assembly-of-trehalose-molecules-on-a-lysozyme-surface-1vzbclycbv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proteins-surface-coloured-according-to-the-2hl1vxkz.png Figure 2: Protein’s surface coloured according to the difference in flexibility of the backbone caused by trehalose (the colours correspond to the difference plot shown in Fig. 3); cyan: trehalose density (6.4 times higher than in the bulk), see section 2 for definition; the simulation box is shown emphasising the absence of sugar everywhere except the vicinity of the protein. The inset shows the changes in potential energy and total energy as the simulation progressed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hydrogen-bonds-hbs-of-the-protein-side-chains-with-3j9r7x6m.png Table 1. Hydrogen bonds (HBs) of the protein side-chains with trehalose and water as a percentage of the total number of amino acid-solvent HBs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-average-number-of-lysozyme-trehalose-hydrogen-bonds-98lqprmt.png Figure 6: Average number of lysozyme-trehalose hydrogen bonds per amino acid; the flexibility difference of the amino acids (same as in Fig. 3) is also shown https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-left-average-hydrogen-bonds-per-amino-acid-right-1ububvir.png Figure 7: Left: average hydrogen bonds per amino acid; right: flexibility of the amino acids (the colouring corresponds to Fig. 6) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rmsf-of-the-proteins-backbone-atoms-black-30-ns-3jl8bzdt.png Figure 4: RMSF of the protein’s backbone atoms; black: 30 ns simulation in pure water solution; red: 50 NMR structures from;28 the assignment of the peptide’s structural motifs for each amino acid is shown as a coloured strip above the curves: red - β -sheet, blue - α-helix, yellow - turn https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rmsf-of-the-proteins-backbone-atoms-black-30-ns-2sfjbe54.png Figure 3: RMSF of the protein’s backbone atoms; black: 30 ns simulation in pure water solution; cyan: 30 ns simulation in trehalose-water solution; multi-colour line: difference in RMSF between water and trehalose solutions (cyan and black lines), the colours are used in mapping the difference to the protein’s surface, Fig. 1, 2 and protein’s structure, Fig. 7; the assignment of the peptide’s structural motifs for each amino acid is shown as a coloured strip above the curves: red - β -sheet, blue - α-helix, yellow - turn https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-several-randomly-chosen-sugar-molecules-shown-to-xjrm9g60.png Figure 5: Several randomly chosen sugar molecules shown to compare the size of the high density sugar patches with the size of the sugar molecules https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proteins-surface-coloured-according-to-the-27wj0yba.png Figure 1: Protein’s surface coloured according to the difference in flexibility of the backbone caused by trehalose (the colours correspond to the difference plot shown in Fig. 3); cyan: trehalose density (6.4 times higher than in the bulk), see section 2 for definition; green: water density (1.5 times higher than bulk water) the molecular structure from three different viewpoints is shown. https://scispace.com/papers/self-associated-three-dimensional-cones-5czwd7z0sk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-compact-affine-sections-of-self-associated-cones-of-25mji269.png Figure 1: Compact affine sections of self-associated cones of elliptic type for k = 0, 1 and R = 1, 2, 4 with uniform grid in polar coordinates of the domain M = BR. The step size in the radial direction equals 1, in the angular direction π3 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-compact-affine-sections-of-self-associated-cones-of-2dw23ukk.png Figure 3: Compact affine sections of self-associated cones of hyperbolic type with uniform grid in cartesian coordinates on the domain M = (a, b) + iR. The step size in the horizontal direction equals 14 , in the vertical direction π4 . The intervals (a, b) are (−3, 2), (−1, 0), (1, 2) in the first row, (−4,−2), (−2, 0), (0, 2) in the second row, (−6, 2), (−4, 0), (−2, 2) in the third row, and (−12,−4), (−6, 2), (−14, 2) in the last row. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-compact-affine-sections-of-self-associated-cones-of-19qqfgye.png Figure 2: Compact affine sections of self-associated cones of parabolic type for b = −2,−1, 0, 1 with uniform grid in cartesian coordinates on the domain M = (−∞, b) + iR. The step size in the horizontal direction equals 1, in the vertical direction π3 . https://scispace.com/papers/self-avoiding-walks-on-random-networks-of-resistors-and-1jp5ip7g7v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-taking-for-granted-that-the-lower-edge-of-the-cell-2-35ijkx2j.png Fig. 8. Taking for granted that the lower edge of the cell 2 is occupied, the SAW from A to D was weighted14) with the simple term p3(1 - p)K’. The fourth situation (d) shows that such an approach is not tenable. https://scispace.com/papers/self-bound-many-body-states-of-quasi-one-dimensional-dipolar-24fu92wvad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-many-body-ground-state-energy-per-giwpxxyc.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Many-body ground-state energy per particle E/N of quasi-1D fermionic dipoles versus density n for three strengths of the attractive interaction, ldd/l⊥ = 1.44 [thin (red) lines], ldd/l⊥ = 1.77 [thick (light-blue) lines], and ldd/l⊥ = 1.9 [thick (black) lines]. Dashed lines depict the low-density limiting behavior obtained from a mapping to bosons with a contact interaction. Dash-dotted lines represent the Hartree-Fock approximation, which is reliable at high densities. Solid curves interpolate between the lowand the high-density results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-top-plot-showing-the-dependence-of-the-27rxti02.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Top: Plot showing the dependence of the energy E of the lowest two-body state on the strength of the attractive interaction ldd/l⊥, for two box lengths: L/l⊥ = 400 [dotted (green) line] and L/l⊥ = 800 [solid (red) line]. To bring out the absence of binding for ldd < lcrit ≈ 1.44 l⊥ and the expected (ldd − lcrit)2 behavior of the binding energy near threshold, we plot the quantity −√−E/(h̄ω⊥). The dashed line is a fit of the numerical results to a linear function ∝ldd − lcrit, and this holds over a wider range of couplings than might naively be anticipated. The rounding of the plots for ldd ≈ lcrit is due to the finite size of the box. Bottom: Relative wave function for ldd/l⊥ = 1.3 (left) and ldd/l⊥ = 1.8 (right) and box length 200 l⊥. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-phase-diagram-of-quasi-1d-fermions-with-1ugqoi3q.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Phase diagram of quasi-1D fermions with attractive dipolar interactions. The solid (black) E = 0 line interpolates between the critical point (ldd,n) = (1.44l⊥,0) and the dash-dotted (black) Hartree-Fock E = 0 line (see text). Above and to the left of the E = 0 line, matter is unbound and can expand indefinitely if not confined. Below the line, matter is bound and unconfined matter will oscillate about the equilibrium density. The solid (red) curve is a sketch of the equilibrium density, which again interpolates between the critical point (ldd,n) = (1.44l⊥,0) and the Hartree-Fock result [dash-dotted (red) line]. The onset of occupation of the first excited transverse level is shown by the dotted (black) line. https://scispace.com/papers/self-checking-monitor-for-nbti-due-degradation-37haa2f3iw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-si-mulation-results-obtai-ned-f-or-nom-inal-values-of-1jp5ei0d.png Fig. 6. Si mulation results obtai ned f or nom inal values of electrical parameters and late transitions of Si occurring while TWC=1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-monitor-insertion-within-the-considered-data-path-1zi90ygs.png Fig. 2. Monitor insertion within the considered data-path. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-costs-of-our-monitor-and-of-the-sensor-in-4-and-in-6-3s1stwo2.png TABLE 1. COSTS OF OUR MONITOR AND OF THE SENSOR IN [4] AND IN [6], AS WELL AS RELATIVE COST VARIATIONS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sc-hematic-representation-of-the-consi-dered-dat-a-3w0e6q2e.png Fig. 1. Sc hematic representation of the consi dered dat a-paths a nd signals’ timing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-si-mulation-results-o-btained-f-or-nominal-v-alues-o-f-k1unfowm.png Fig. 5 . Si mulation results o btained f or nominal v alues o f electrical parameters and no late transition of Si occurring while TWC=1. https://scispace.com/papers/self-concept-clarity-across-adolescence-longitudinal-23yuh10yq6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-model-fit-comparisons-of-cross-lagged-path-analyses-2dndxnkp.png Table 2 Model fit comparisons of cross-lagged path analyses with open communication, self-concept clarity, and depressive or anxiety symptoms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-final-cross-lagged-panel-model-with-self-concept-t44duraf.png Fig. 2 Final cross-lagged panel model with self-concept clarity, open communication with parents, and depressive symptoms over time. Depicted are standardized coefficients of within-time correlations and correlated residuals (grey arrows), stabilities, and cross-lagged paths. D disturbance. At Time 1 (T1), T2, T3, and T4, mean ages were respectively 13 (SD = 0.51), 14 (SD = 0.54), 15 (SD = 0.56) and 16 (SD = 0.51) years. *p \ .05; **p \ .01 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-final-cross-lagged-panel-model-with-self-concept-1xs39oc1.png Fig. 3 Final cross-lagged panel model with self-concept clarity, open communication with parents, and anxiety over time. Depicted are standardized coefficients of within-time correlations and correlated residuals (grey arrows), stabilities, and cross-lagged paths. D disturbance. At Time 1 (T1), T2, T3, and T4, mean ages were respectively 13 (SD = 0.51), 14 (SD = 0.54), 15 (SD = 0.56) and 16 (SD = 0.51) years. *p \ .05; **p \ .01 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tested-cross-lagged-panel-meditation-model-with-self-cswm8fck.png Fig. 1 Tested cross-lagged panel meditation model with self-concept clarity as hypothesized mediator in the relationship between open communication with parents and internalizing problems over time. OC open communication with parents, SCC self-concept clarity, INT internalizing problems. ‘Internalizing problems’ stands for respectively depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms in the two separate analyses. Hypothesized longitudinal mediation effects were modeled in the final cross-lagged path models https://scispace.com/papers/self-confirming-immigration-policy-1ry0bibwg8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-three-policy-equilibria-2svk7me0.png Figure 3: The three policy equilibria. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tatonnement-stability-of-equilibria-ebi79i1x.png Figure 4: Tatonnement stability of equilibria. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-optimal-immigration-policy-in-country-h-as-a-2ixjvrw0.png Figure 2: The optimal immigration policy in country H as a function of H : https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-crowding-in-and-crowding-out-of-skilled-immigrants-30y0ghts.png Figure 1: Crowding in and crowding out of skilled immigrants as a function of immigration policy. https://scispace.com/papers/self-consistent-confidence-sets-and-tests-of-composite-267f1j5ibp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-upper-bounds-of-the-a-confidence-interval-ci-a-bi9u7e3w.png Figure 3: The upper bounds of the α-confidence interval CI (α;−1| [0,∞[) in gray and of the α-compatibility interval H (α;−1| [0,∞[) in black as functions of α, the threshold applied to the curves of Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-p-value-p-th0-1-in-gray-and-the-data-3t3cdbju.png Figure 2: The p-value p (θ0;−1) in gray and the data compatibility c (θ0;−1| [0,∞[) in black as functions of θ0, the parameter value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-p-value-p-1-x-in-solid-gray-the-data-263pcuvz.png Figure 1: The p-value p (1;x) in solid gray, the data compatibility c (1;x| {0, 1}) in solid black, and the posterior probability that θ = 1 in dashed black as functions of x, the value of the normal observation. https://scispace.com/papers/self-consistent-computation-of-electronic-and-optical-1f6z5li2j7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-energy-band-representation-of-cdse-zns-vaxq6efc.png FIG. 1. Schematic energy band representation of CdSe/ZnS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-material-parameters-used-in-the-calculations-1rn2wuch.png TABLE I. The material parameters used in the calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolution-of-the-electron-and-hole-energies-with-2nucugqu.png FIG. 2. Evolution of the electron and hole energies with iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-absorption-spectra-of-cdse-zns-core-shell-1i8z53iy.png FIG. 4. Color online Absorption spectra of CdSe/ZnS core/shell QD. Rdot means core radius. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-theoretical-and-experimental-results-1819hu4x.png TABLE II. Comparison of theoretical and experimental results for bare CdSe QD embedded in a glass matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-self-consistent-electronic-structure-of-2c9sb2wk.png FIG. 3. Color online Self-consistent electronic structure of CdSe/ZnS core/ shell QD, band profile, energy values, and corresponding wave functions for electron top panel and for hole bottom panel . https://scispace.com/papers/self-consistent-3d-radiative-mhd-simulations-of-coronal-rain-3w32tekj3q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-top-evolution-of-the-joule-heating-at-the-footpoints-2a56rwiw.png Fig. 5. Top: evolution of the Joule heating at the footpoints of the loops below z = 1.2 Mm in the chromosphere (dotted line, left axis) and 3 Mm above the transition region in the corona (solid line, right axis) for loops L1, L2, and L3. Red and blue plots correspond to the heating evolution at the left and right loop footpoint respectively. Bottom: evolution of density of the plasma integrated along the coronal portion of the loop (dotted line), and average temperature in the coronal part of the loop (solid line) for L1, L2, and L3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-left-joule-heating-per-unit-mass-along-the-length-of-175240jx.png Fig. 6. Left: Joule heating per unit mass along the length of the coronal loop L1 plotted every 100 s. The x axis corresponds to the position along the loop measured from left to right footpoint. The profiles have been smoothed with a boxcar average with kernel length of 0.5 Mm for clarity. Right: evolution of the heating asymmetry quantified as the ratio of the maximum heating in the loop legs to minimum heating at the loop apex Hmax/Hmin (blue) and left-to-right asymmetry in heating of the loop legs Hleft/Hright (red) for the loop L1. The red dashed line indicates where Hleft/Hright = 1, i.e. the line corresponding to perfectly symmetric heating for reference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-time-averaged-heating-per-unit-mass-solid-line-and-3ds3q16x.png Fig. 7. Time-averaged heating per unit mass (solid line) and volumetric heating rate (dotted line) along loop L1 normalised by loop length. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-panel-a-magnetic-configuration-of-the-simulation-3n8te8lt.png Fig. 1. Panel a: magnetic configuration of the simulation domain with physical size of 24× 24× 16.8 Mm at t = 180 s after the non-equilibrium ionisation of hydrogen has been switched on. The colour of the individual magnetic fieldlines corresponds to their temperature. The 5×10−12 kg m−3 density isosurface is shown in blue. Several cool and dense condensations have formed at coronal heights. Panel b: line-of-sight component Bz of the photospheric magnetic field at z = 0. Panel c: variation of the magnitude of magnetic field strength in vertical direction at y = 12 Mm. An animation of this figure is available online. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-left-to-right-evolution-of-loop-minimum-temperature-in-124267n7.png Fig. 8. Left to right: evolution of loop minimum temperature in the corona (blue) and corresponding optically thin radiative loss rate per unit mass (orange) for loops L1, L2, and L3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spatial-distribution-of-joule-heating-per-unit-mass-anz1tzwt.png Fig. 2. Spatial distribution of Joule heating per unit mass shown for values above the threshold η j2/ρ = 2 × 1010 W kg−1. Several current sheets are present in the coronal part of the domain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evolution-of-temperature-density-joule-heating-per-2ipknz7z.png Fig. 4. Evolution of temperature, density, Joule heating per unit mass, velocity along the magnetic field, and the magnitude of the velocity in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field (top to bottom) along thermally unstable loops L1, L2, and L3 (left to right) following the formation, evolution, and potential destruction of the cool plasma condensations. The x axis corresponds to time and the y axis corresponds to the position along the loop measured from left to right footpoint. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-snapsots-of-thermally-unstable-loops-l1-l2-and-l3-2bwk1sw1.png Fig. 3. Snapsots of thermally unstable loops L1, L2, and L3 which form cool and dense condensations taken at t = 1230 s, t = 430 s, and t = 180 s, respectively. We show 100 field lines which intersect the condensation in each loop, with their colour corresponding to the temperature of the plasma. The surface at z = 1.2 Mm shows the concentrations of strong Joule heating in the chromosphere. The regions outlined in black with physical extent of 1 Mm× 1 Mm× 1.5 Mm mark the loop footpoint regions in the lower atmosphere. https://scispace.com/papers/self-consistent-optical-constants-of-sputter-deposited-b-c-2mu9f66itc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-b4c-film-bandgap-obtained-as-the-abscissa-16zix43n.png Fig. 5. (Color online) B4C film bandgap obtained as the abscissa intercept of the linear extrapolation of (a) ffiffiffiffiffiffi αE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-log-log-plot-of-k-versus-wavelength-3q1b8cx5.png Fig. 3. (Color online) Log-log plot of k versus wavelength compared with the literature data of Soufli et al.[18], Monaco et al. [17], and Blumenstock et al. [2], three interpolation ranges, the reststrahlenband obtained from Samara et al. [21], and literature data for B [31,32]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-ellipsometry-parameters-tanps-and-cosd-21h1lo7m.png Fig. 1. (Color online) Ellipsometry parameters tanψ and cosΔ, both experimental and fitted, measured at 72° as a function of wavelength. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-optical-constants-n-and-k-obtained-from-2dxur9pm.png Fig. 2. (Color online) Optical constants n and k obtained from ellipsometry measurements as a function of wavelength. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-log-log-plot-of-n-versus-wavelength-5lxas40h.png Fig. 4. (Color online) Log-log plot of n versus wavelength obtained with KK analysis compared with the present ellipsometry data and the literature data of Soufli et al.[18], Monaco et al. [17], and Blumenstock et al. [2], along with literature data for B [31]. Inset: δ ¼ 1 − n versus wavelength below 20nm. https://scispace.com/papers/self-diffusion-of-rod-like-viruses-in-the-nematic-phase-2pmbjpg9am 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-image-of-fluorescently-labelled-rods-dissolved-in-a-qq7tp1wc.png Fig. 1 – (a) Image of fluorescently labelled rods dissolved in a background nematic phase of unlabelled rods. Scale bar is 5 µm. (b) Two-dimensional gaussian fit to a individual rod. Arrows indicate the long and short axis. The circle indicates the center of mass. From this fit it is possible to obtain the orientation of an individual fd rod. Pixel size is 129 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-the-concentration-dependence-of-the-translational-28ejmynp.png Fig. 4 – (a) The concentration dependence of the translational diffusion parallel to (D‖) and perpendicular to (D⊥) the nematic director are indicated by squares and triangles respectively. The nematic phase in coexistence with the isotropic phase occurs at cfd=15.5 mg/ml and is indicated by a vertical line. The x-axis is rescaled so that I-N transition takes place at [fd]N=1. (b) The plot of the dimensionless ratio of the parallel to perpendicular diffusion constant D‖/Dperp as a function of the nematic order parameter. The concentration dependence of the nematic order parameter is taken from ref. [14]. Open triangles are data for hard spherocylinders with aspect ratio of 10 taken from ref. [11] while open circles are data for ellipsoids with aspect ratio 10 taken from [9] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-mean-square-displacement-of-rods-along-the-27pgptam.png Fig. 3 – The mean square displacement of rods along the director (full cubes) and perpendicular to the director (full triangles) for a nematic sample at virus concentration of 21 mg/ml. The isotropic data are given by the open points and were take just below I-N phase transition at virus concentration of 14 mg/ml. The diffusion along the director is significantly enhanced when compared to the diffusion in the isotropic phase, while the diffusion perpendicular to the director is significantly suppressed. The mean square displacements shown in this figure are measured from a single field of view. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-a-collection-of-trajectories-of-fluorescently-2rqq6rte.png Fig. 2 – (a) A collection of trajectories of fluorescently labelled virus particles in the isotropic phase. All trajectories are translated so that the first point is located at the origin. For clarity we only show the center of mass and not a line connecting subsequent point in a particle trajectory. The concentration of virus in this sample was 14 mg/ml. (b) Anisotropic trajectories of the fluorescently labelled viruses diffusing in the nematic phase. The concentration of the background virus in this sample was 21 mg/ml. x’ and y’ indicate a new lab-frame in which the director is aligned along the y’ axis. (c) The orientational distribution function obtained by plotting the probability distribution function of the virus orientation for isotropic (open circles) and nematic phase (full squares). The orientation of the virus is obtained from two-dimensional gaussian fits, an example of which is shown in Fig. 1b. The angle of the nematic director obtained from (b) and (c) are almost identical. https://scispace.com/papers/self-diffusion-in-a-monatomic-glass-forming-liquid-embedded-bs2w95dmcb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-log-log-plot-of-the-mean-absolute-displacement-r-t-2293ih5e.png Figure 1. Log-log plot of the mean absolute displacement 〈r(t)〉 in units of κ−1 and of 〈f(r(t))〉 (see Eq. (4)). The dashed line has a slope equal to 1 and the dotted-dashed one a slope of 1/2. 〈f(r(t))〉 has a roughly linear time dependence at all times, which corresponds to a diffusive regime in the hyperbolic sense. The parameters are ρσ2 = 0.91, T = 2.17, and κσ = 0.2. The system with octagonal periodic boundary conditions comprises 287 atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-log-log-plot-of-the-mean-absolute-displacement-r-t-1xc3c5bc.png Figure 2. Log-log plot of the mean absolute displacement 〈r(t)〉 of the atoms in units of the atomic diameter σ. For this case, κσ = 0.1, which means that when 〈r〉 ∼ σ, it is only a tenth of κ−1. Three temperatures are represented: from top to bottom, T = 1.53, T = 0.96, and T = 0.47, with the avoided transition temperature being at T ∗ ' 1.3. As T decreases, a “plateau” emerges at intermediate times and it is well developed at the lowest temperature. At longer times, a diffusive behavior is found, as shown by the dashed line whose slope is equal to 1/2. https://scispace.com/papers/self-employment-and-psychometric-measure-of-risk-aversion-a-1zyeztcxzq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimations-between-groups-fsc9wknr.png Table 4. Estimations between groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fear-of-uncertainty-in-1997-ha2-31-years-and-2012-2mpijx1y.png Table 3. Fear of Uncertainty in 1997 HA2 (31 years) and 2012 HA2 (46 years) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-logit-estimation-results-for-probability-of-self-2u351ic7.png Table 2. The logit estimation results for probability of self-employment. https://scispace.com/papers/self-excited-instability-occurring-during-the-nanoparticle-58567mnrle 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-color-online-time-evolution-of-the-electron-density-2un064aj.png FIG. 15: (Color online) Time-evolution of the electron density for different gas temperatures. The insert is a zoom of the early beginning of the curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-time-evolution-of-the-frequency-of-the-13u3f9yp.png FIG. 3: (Color online) Time-evolution of the frequency of the instability. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-frequency-at-the-beginning-and-at-the-end-2y7meorr.png FIG. 6: (Color online) Frequency at the beginning and at the end of the instability as a function of the injected power. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-beginning-and-duration-of-the-instability-20qws3ua.png FIG. 8: (Color online) Beginning and duration of the instability as a function of the silane flow rate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-beginning-and-duration-of-the-2mqqqxkc.png FIG. 11: (Color online) Beginning and duration of the instability as a function of the gas temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-color-online-particular-case-of-the-instability-on-3drg4dph.png FIG. 13: (Color online) Particular case of the instability on the self-bias voltage (a) on the plasma duration (b) zoom. https://scispace.com/papers/self-field-measurements-by-hall-sensors-on-the-secrets-long-1csppz2xx7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-measured-magnetic-self-field-from-the-linear-hs-2eaans0g.png Fig. 6. Measured magnetic self-field from the linear HS (selected), voltage and temperature of conductor B in the high field region, while the temperature approachesT . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-typical-flat-parts-of-the-traces-selected-from-the-1b0k429g.png Fig. 7. Typical “flat” parts of the traces (selected) from the linear HS near conductor A, recorded at zero magnetic field and with current ramp rate of 50 A/s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measured-and-calculated-for-homogeneous-current-37wjfgy3.png Fig. 4. Measured and calculated (for homogeneous current distribution) magnetic field at the annular HS array for conductor A near the pulsed coils at different background fields and close toT . The direction of the SULTAN magnetic field and Lorentz forces are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-measured-and-calculated-for-homogeneous-current-11d2e7sf.png Fig. 5. Measured and calculated (for homogeneous current distribution) magnetic field at the annular HS arrays for conductor A in the high field region at different background fields and close toT . The direction of the SULTAN magnetic field and Lorentz forces are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-measured-and-calculated-for-a-homogeneous-current-3jns9pr3.png Fig. 3. Measured and calculated (for a homogeneous current distribution) magnetic field at the annular HS arrays near the joint for conductor B. The experimental points are evaluated at the maximum current. Solid lines connect the calculated (supposing uniform current distribution) values of the self-field at the location of HSs. The bold dashed circle represents the magnetic field pattern around an infinitively long conductor with the same current and without neighboring conductors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-typical-time-dependence-of-the-magnetic-field-with-1pnuijkw.png Fig. 2. Typical time dependence of the magnetic field with current as measured by HSs in the annular array of conductor B near the joint. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-arrangement-of-the-hss-in-relation-to-the-conductors-1v41955d.png Fig. 1. Arrangement of the HSs in relation to the conductors and the direction of the magnetic field from SULTAN. https://scispace.com/papers/self-heating-in-a-coupled-thermo-electric-circuit-device-8464dhq0kw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-scaled-coupled-thermo-electric-network-device-1vdvw5yx.png Table 5.1 Scaled coupled thermo-electric network-device model equations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-5-diode-current-left-and-output-signal-right-of-the-1plwsdzn.png Fig. 6.5. Diode current (left) and output signal (right) of the frequency multiplier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1-overview-of-the-coupled-thermo-electric-circuit-37xesm6a.png Fig. 1.1. Overview of the coupled thermo-electric circuit-device model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-7-temperature-of-the-resistors-r1-left-and-r2-right-in-2k81ibda.png Fig. 6.7. Temperature of the resistors R1 (left) and R2 (right) in the frequency multiplier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-6-lattice-temperature-of-the-diode-in-the-frequency-9i2svjim.png Fig. 6.6. Lattice temperature of the diode in the frequency multiplier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-1-lattice-temperature-in-a-ballistic-diode-with-400-nm-39yyuxhu.png Fig. 6.1. Lattice temperature in a ballistic diode with 400 nm channel biased with 1.5V. Left: Dirichlet boundary conditions, right: Robin boundary conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-2-lattice-temperature-in-a-ballistic-diode-with-50-nm-nsqjiak1.png Fig. 6.2. Lattice temperature in a ballistic diode with 50 nm channel biased with 1V including radiation (left) and without radiation (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-3-current-voltage-characteristics-for-ballistic-diodes-2jvldg2z.png Fig. 6.3. Current-voltage characteristics for ballistic diodes computed from the drift-diffusion model and the energy-transport (ET) model with constant and variable lattice temperature for the 400 nm channel (left) and 50 nm channel (right) device. https://scispace.com/papers/self-harm-following-release-from-prison-a-prospective-data-3xirnyp67m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-associations-between-baseline-characteristics-and-ed-hjtrveac.png Table 3. Associations between baseline characteristics and ED presentations for self-harm (N=1307) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-baseline-characteristics-of-participants-and-number-2tjbmmv1.png Table 2. Baseline characteristics of participants and number of ED presentations for self-harm (N=1307) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-probability-of-participants-presenting-to-an-3exz3459.png Figure 1. Probability of participants presenting to an emergency department for self-harm after release from prison. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-emergency-department-presentations-following-release-h1r89zh1.png Table 1: Emergency department presentations following release from index incarceration https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-secondary-outcomes-for-165-ed-presentations-17cizkh1.png Table 4. Secondary outcomes for 165 ED presentations resulting from self-harm following release from prison https://scispace.com/papers/self-heating-characterization-of-beta-ga-2-o-3-thin-channel-3i41s9pox2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-10jd8sww.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-thin-channel-b-ga2o3-mosfet-device-schematic-cr62ccpe.png Fig. 1. Thin-channel β-Ga2O3 MOSFET device schematic. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pulsed-id-vds-characteristic-with-varying-tbaseplate-4d87z3k9.png Fig. 3. Pulsed ID-VDS characteristic with varying TBaseplate when using a pulsewidth of (a) 200 μs and (b) 200 ns. (C) RON, ID,max parameters obtained from ID-VDS characteristic and plotted versus TCH. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-dc-id-vds-characteristic-while-varying-vg-from-16-to-23v1juiv.png Fig. 2. (a) DC ID-VDS characteristic while varying VG from -16 to 0 Volts and (b) Transfer characteristic when applying a 10V VDS. Inset shows ID plotted on a log scale. causing heat to build up in the channel. Reducing the pulsewidth into the sub-μs range has the benefit of minimizing TCH self-heating, as has been previously demonstrated for AlGaN/GaN devices [31]. For these reasons, as shown in Fig. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-pulsed-id-vds-characteristic-when-vdsq-0-15-v-and-b-2nbrbw85.png Fig. 4. (a) Pulsed ID-VDS characteristic when VDSQ = 0 – 15 V and (b) resulting RON, ID,max versus PD data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-two-independent-estimations-of-tch-that-were-found-37du5305.png Fig. 5. Two independent estimations of TCH that were found through RON and ID,max. The resulting thermal resistance of 73°C-mm/W was found from the TCH-PD slope. https://scispace.com/papers/self-induced-polarization-anisoplanatism-1ylvyd65io 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-ray-bundle-abcd-is-shown-passing-from-the-left-2z1ze0n0.png Figure 6. The ray bundle ABCD is shown passing from the left to the right. The rays originate in an optical system off the drawing to the left. The ray bundle strikes a fold mirror and converges to an on-axis focal point P’. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-shows-the-x2-e2-plane-for-a-pupil-as-viewed-from-a-377a1671.png Figure 10 shows the ξ2,η2 plane for a pupil as viewed from a point on axis (left) and for the same pupil as viewed from a point off axis (right). The gray portions represent optical surface figure errors and we can see a print-through of the hex pattern typical of large telescope mirrors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-a-4-element-optical-system-showing-2-v8fb034f.png Figure 1 schematic of a 4-element optical system showing 2 rays: one dashed and the other solid propagating from plane 0 to plane 5. The rays originate from the same point on the object plane 0 and pass through the 4- element reflector system to the image or output at plane 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-summary-of-notation-used-in-eqs-7-through-12-and-2k57ywvu.png Figure 4 Summary of notation used in Eqs 7 through 12 and throughout this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-shows-the-exit-pupil-of-a-telescope-with-lsd3whf0.png Figure 5. Left shows the exit pupil of a telescope with orthogonal linear polarizers placed over the pupil. Right shows the exit pupil of a telescope with orthogonal circular polarizers placed over the pupil. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-shows-the-x2-e2-plane-for-a-pupil-as-viewed-from-a-3cdmquvt.png Figure 8 shows the ξ2,η2 plane for a pupil as viewed from a point on axis (left) and for the same pupil as viewed from a point off axis. Note that the term ri ξ2,η2( ) changes as we move across the field of view because the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-cross-section-view-a-typical-telescope-in-the-8gpv57aj.png Figure 9 A cross-section view a typical telescope in the meridional plane showing the center of curvature (CC), the focus and the marginal beam for a concave primary mirror. The marginal beam is shown striking the edge of the pupil and deviating through angle θ to the focus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shows-an-object-left-decomposed-into-an-ensemble-of-o5wxp9w1.png Figure 2 shows an object (left) decomposed into an ensemble of points (delta functions). The object field passes through the pupil to the image plane to the right. The pupil contains powered optical elements that convert the incoming diverging waves into converging waves that pass onto points in the image (right). The points at the right represent an intensity distribution across the focal plane and have all been broadened through convolution by the pointspread function (PSF). https://scispace.com/papers/self-injurious-behavior-among-homeless-young-adults-a-social-52myiugow2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-comparisons-of-males-vs-females-and-glb-vs-1em8ko72.png Table 2. Mean comparisons of males vs. females and GLB vs. heterosexual on all study variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-individual-self-mutilation-items-by-gender-and-1ep3j3x8.png Table 1. Individual self-mutilation items by gender and sexual orientation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-full-model-results-standardized-2dcee5uq.png Table 3. Full model results (standardized). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-self-mutilation-path-model-standardized-3fb13xfb.png Figure 1. Self-mutilation path model (standardized coefficients shown) (n = 172). https://scispace.com/papers/self-help-groups-savings-and-social-capital-58a97iljmc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-expenditures-3v8at0ne.png Table 11 Expenditures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-assets-1kmz2z16.png Table 10 Assets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-shg-outcomes-2vru0amr.png Table 7 SHG Outcomes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-randomization-and-sampling-strategy-3mkkopqq.png Fig. 2. Randomization and Sampling Strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-timeline-1sqp1vww.png Fig. 1. Timeline. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-balancing-tests-1ff123x8.png Table 3 Balancing Tests. https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-economic-networks-27qxx9fw.png Table 12 Economic Networks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-social-networks-7o997yox.png Table 13 Social Networks. https://scispace.com/papers/self-induced-spatial-dynamics-to-enhance-spin-squeezing-via-5amahwpdig 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-v-na-nb-vs-th-for-a-nt-104-b-nt-105-and-c-x4nc7ctv.png FIG. 5. (Color online) v(Na −Nb) vs θ for (a) Nt = 104, (b) Nt = 105, and (c) Nt = 106. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-expectation-value-of-various-operators-with-respect-3knbysxz.png TABLE I. Expectation value of various operators with respect to Eq. (37). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-v-na-nb-at-thopt-vs-l-for-several-39za2tq5.png FIG. 6. (Color online) v(Na −Nb) at θopt vs λ for several different values of Nt . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-sequence-for-the-coupling-pulses-used-in-3178olhr.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Sequence for the coupling pulses used in the scheme and their effect on the Bloch sphere. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-comparison-of-the-two-mode-model-red-2l8wcjf7.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Comparison of the two-mode model (red dashed line) with the full 3D TW model (black dots). The effective squeezing parameter λ = 7.99 × 10−4 was determined from Eq. (45). Much better agreement is given by using λ = 9.18 × 10−6 calculated from Eq. (58) (blue solid line). The green squares are the result of a one-dimensional (1D) TW simulation with spherical symmetry. The error bars from the 1D simulation are too small to see on this scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-evolution-of-the-density-profile-after-11460o27.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Evolution of the density profile after the initial π/2 coupling pulse equally populates the two components. A slice of the expectation value of the density 〈ψ̂ †j (r)ψ̂j (r)〉 for each component [j = a (blue), j = b (red)] at y = z = 0 is shown for several different times. A π pulse is applied at t = Tπ = 13.29 ms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-one-dimensional-spherically-symmetric-tw-2kdm7gxo.png FIG. 8. (Color online) One-dimensional spherically symmetric TW simulation for different values of ωr . (a) Tπ , the time it takes for one breathing oscillation, vsωr . (b) The effective squeezing parameter λ as calculated from Eq. (58) and a 1D spherically symmetric GPE calculation. (c) The overlap Q at the instant of the final beam splitter. (d) Minimum of v(Na −Nb) as calculated from a 1D spherically symmetric TW simulation (blue dots), compared to the two-mode analytic result from Eq. (46), using the λ value from panel (b). (e) The spin-squeezing parameter ξs . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-v-na-nb-versus-the-final-beam-splitter-rotation-angle-2l2mdwug.png FIG. 4. v(Na −Nb) versus the final beam-splitter rotation angle θ at t = 2Tπ . The minimum value of v(Na −Nb) is slightly less than 0.2 at θ = 0.1π . The error bars are due to the stochastic sampling error. https://scispace.com/papers/self-organization-in-natural-swarms-of-photinus-carolinus-57cuhbp030 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-flash-propagation-across-the-swarm-a-flash-occurrences-2r3vbgwm.png Fig. 2. Flash propagation across the swarm. (A) Flash occurrences are associated with a phase φ indicating their relative timing within a burst. The center of the burst (highest peak) is defined as φ = 0s. (B,C) Example of flash propagation along the y-axis over a 10min interval (11pm June 10). On average, early flashes are located at the bottom of the ridge (close to the cameras) while late flashes are located at the top. (B) Average φ in 0.5×0.5m2 space bins, same colors as (A). Bins close to the cameras show a negative phase, while bins far have a positive phase. (C) Distribution of φ along the y-axis. Colors indicate relative occurrence. (D) Flash propagation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-three-dimensional-reconstruction-of-a-natural-swarm-gltyghpg.png Fig. 1. Three-dimensional reconstruction of a natural swarm and density-dependent collective flashing. (A) View from one camera, showing some Photinus carolinus flashes in their natural https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-firefly-movement-during-bursts-a-average-burst-2sm8nwk0.png Fig. 3. Firefly movement during bursts. (A) Average burst, obtained by averaging N over the φ-space, 〈N〉φ. Flash distribution is almost perfectly symmetric. (B) Distribution of streak velocities as a function of streak phase φ, June 10. Colors indicate count, in log10 scale. Early streaks (φ < 0) are significantly faster than late ones (φ > 0). Median values for peak nights (June 10-13) all fall within the shaded area. https://scispace.com/papers/self-optimizing-block-transfer-in-web-service-grids-47g6lzhj9z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-of-dynamic-adjustment-of-block-size-18dwoj6t.png Table 6: Comparison of dynamic adjustment of block size against fixed size policies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-response-times-for-a-local-query-for-different-3hf7c7ls.png Figure 1: Response times for a local query for different block sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-comparison-of-the-performance-of-dynamic-adjustment-aadhsc63.png Table 7: Comparison of the performance of dynamic adjustment of block size when the initial block size is clearly suboptimal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-block-sizes-at-different-adjustment-cycles-when-29isk9pv.png Figure 8: The block sizes at different adjustment cycles when SEC-15-D is employed and the starting point is 1000 tuples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-block-sizes-at-different-adjustment-cycles-a-25s9cbg9.png Figure 7: The block sizes at different adjustment cycles (a) for Q4, Q5 when SEC is employed with b2 = 25 and (b) for Q1, Q5 when SEC-const-D is employed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-response-times-for-a-local-query-for-2u34gh91.png Table 1: Summary of response times for a local query for different block sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-response-times-for-a-remote-query-for-2iupdx7d.png Table 2: Summary of response times for a remote query for different block sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-response-times-of-individual-runs-of-a-remote-query-1tr2uw2n.png Figure 4: Response times of individual runs of a remote query for different block sizes (unstable connection). https://scispace.com/papers/self-organization-in-aggregating-robot-swarms-a-dw-knn-1dqnokxe73 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-self-organized-aggregation-of-a-swarm-of-n-foot-2phrcifo.png Figure 5: Self-organized aggregation of a swarm of N foot-bots running the DW-KNN topology https://scispace.com/papers/self-organized-learning-in-multi-layer-networks-2xeoac3gnq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-lateral-inhibition-interactions-of-m-16-cnn-26udkaot.png Fig. 5 The lateral inhibition interactions of m=16 CNN-neurons and the formation of local eigenvector sets https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-error-of-pure-associative-learning-1km0038s.png Fig. 11 The error of pure associative learning https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-information-processing-in-the-raw-visual-layer-3nk0jf4u.png Fig. 1 Information processing in the raw visual layer structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-modularized-2-dim-neural-net-design-2friwzv2.png Fig. 4 The modularized, 2-dim neural net design https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-associative-information-processing-in-one-layer-v2wltyzm.png Fig. 10 Associative information processing in one layer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-robot-control-layers-3r1qqglz.png Fig. 9 The robot control layers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-parallel-multiresolution-scheme-filter-banks-and-2kunqaui.png Fig. 8 The parallel multiresolution scheme: Filter banks and subbands for multirate sampling https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-the-random-walks-of-evolutionary-associative-learning-2qwbsx73.png Fig. 14 The random walks of evolutionary associative learning https://scispace.com/papers/self-organizing-tool-for-smart-design-with-predictive-3j59rvku8s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-model-accuracy-by-class-253sxj1o.png TABLE III. MODEL ACCURACY BY CLASS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-trend-of-mass-customization-vs-mass-production-7-3m8ab2vj.png Fig. 1. Trend of mass customization vs mass production [7] Optimized decisions and design are facilitated through end-to-end transparency given over the manufacturing process. Moving forward, i4 will bring new ways of creating novel business models and value. Especially, it will give startups and small businesses with the chance to create and provide downstream services. Additionally, i4 will diminish factoryfloor necessities and facilitate progress humanity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-real-time-business-intelligence-12-2vjlxzwe.png Fig. 3. Real-time business intelligence [12] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-predicting-manufacturing-system-framework-1-116y22u1.png Fig. 2. Predicting manufacturing system framework [1] https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-confusion-matrix-for-the-som-2akd5pnl.png TABLE II. CONFUSION MATRIX FOR THE SOM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-distributions-of-car-evaluation-dataset-for-vbn4nokc.png Fig. 5. Distributions of car evaluation dataset for customization https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-car-evaluation-data-20-1hewcail.png TABLE I. CAR EVALUATION DATA [20] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-results-of-tested-data-som-weight-distances-on-the-3djcd0a8.png Fig. 6. Results of tested data. SOM weight distances on the left, and SOM clusters found on the right https://scispace.com/papers/self-organizing-sleep-wake-sensor-systems-21c1vhzxb5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-planting-artificial-seeds-with-k-30-42nb80y8.png Figure 8. Planting artificial seeds with k=30 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-wake-sensor-band-with-different-node-density-x030l0t8.png Figure 6. Wake Sensor Band with Different Node Density https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-between-synchronous-and-asynchronous-399i6ecw.png Figure 7. Comparison Between Synchronous and Asynchronous System. (1 single-phase seed at the center of field with k=30 and density=2.0.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-greenberg-hastings-automaton-in-r2-k-20-3ehcro12.png Figure 1. Greenberg-Hastings Automaton in R2 (k=20) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-of-average-detection-time-in-clock-cycles-2ofllz5d.png Table 2. Estimates of Average Detection Time (in clock cycles) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-greenberg-hastings-automaton-on-r2-k-20-1hv56j7j.png Figure 13. Greenberg-Hastings Automaton on R2 (k=20) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-working-around-obstacles-k-30-k75g41kk.png Figure 10. Working Around Obstacles (k=30) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-link-failures-in-asynchronous-system-single-seed-25cjpaii.png Figure 9. Link Failures in Asynchronous System. (Single seed with k=30) https://scispace.com/papers/self-organizing-tdma-mac-protocol-for-effective-capacity-35hg55zk27 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-ptdma-10x3ayaz.png Fig. 1: Illustration of PTDMA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-delay-outage-probability-vs-arrival-rate-usys-n-5-9fo10ekr.png Fig. 4: Delay-outage probability vs. arrival rate µsys, N = 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-system-throughput-vs-arrival-rate-usys-n-5-zrf3vgyq.png Fig. 5: System throughput vs arrival rate µsys, N = 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-collision-probability-vs-arrival-rate-usys-n-5-17tx04eo.png Fig. 6: Collision probability vs arrival rate µsys, N=5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-transmission-rates-rk-vs-snr-ranges-used-in-the-r7w8ic37.png TABLE II: Transmission rates Rk vs. SNR ranges used in the illustrative results https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-parameters-2kg55mak.png TABLE I: Simulation Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effective-capacity-vs-number-of-nodes-gaettcwa.png Fig. 3: Effective capacity vs. number of nodes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-so-tdma-channel-n-10-based-on-algorithm-2-z4zuv7r7.png Fig. 2: SO-TDMA channel, N = 10, based on Algorithm 2 https://scispace.com/papers/self-perceived-health-status-and-yoga-related-perceptions-184b2cjomz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-yoga-practitioners-perceptions-of-yoga-awelz6lf.png Table 2. Yoga practitioners’ perceptions of yoga https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-the-yoga-practitioners-in-the-study-16vte434.png Table 1. Distribution of the yoga practitioners in the study according to their socio-demographic characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/self-referential-memory-in-autism-spectrum-disorder-and-iduy7y5ygo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-participant-characteristics-for-experiment-2-means-2xiiyq35.png Table 2 Participant Characteristics for Experiment 2 (Means, Standard Deviations and Inferential Statistics) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-standard-deviations-for-hit-rates-false-2egoztk2.png Table 1: Means and Standard Deviations For Hit Rates, False Alarm Rates and Corrected Hit Rates in Each Condition (Experiment 1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-means-and-standard-deviations-for-hit-rates-false-2zmi3o3k.png Table 3 Means and Standard Deviations for Hit Rates, False Alarm Rates and Corrected Hit Rates for Each Group in Each Condition (Experiment 2) https://scispace.com/papers/self-rated-health-and-all-cause-and-cause-specific-mortality-3c81m9lrf1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distributions-numbers-and-column-of-the-249670-men-17scwg2d.png Table 2. Distributions (Numbers and Column %) of the 249,670 Men and 175,121 Women Participating in the 8 Studies, by Certain Characteristics at Enrolment (1982-2008), and Categories of Self-Rated Health. The Consortium on Health and Ageing: Network of Cohorts in Europe and the United States Participants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-individuals-and-deaths-percentage-of-2b17r7zs.png Table 1. Number of Individuals and Deaths, Percentage of Elders (> 70 Years) at Recruitment (1982-2008), and Mortality Ratesa of the 424,791 Study Participants (93,014 Deaths), per study, sex and Self-Rated Health at Recruitment. The Consortium on Health and Ageing: Network of Cohorts in Europe and the United States Participants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fully-adjusteda-hr-and-95-ci-of-cardiovascular-and-6ifxubex.png Table 3. Fully Adjusteda HR and 95% CI of Cardiovascular and Cancer Mortality Associated with SelfRated Health, Overall, and by Participating Cohort. The Consortium on Health and Ageing: Network of Cohorts in Europe and the United States Participants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-meta-analysis-of-the-association-of-self-rated-3oxzvz8f.png Figure 1: Meta-Analysis of the Association of Self-Rated Health, with Mortality according to Models 1, 2 and 3. A) HRs for the “fair” vs “at-least-good” comparison; B) HRs for the “poor” vs “at-least-good” comparison. The Consortium on Health and Ageing: Network of Cohorts in Europe and the United States Participants. A) https://scispace.com/papers/self-redirection-of-tearing-edges-in-graphene-tight-binding-58qufcqukh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-snapshots-for-graphene-tearing-along-rro88rvo.png FIG. 3. Color online The snapshots for graphene tearing along a – c armchair direction and d – f zigzag direction. All the spheres represent carbon atoms and lines of red/blue dark gray/ gray spheres indicate the expected atomic edge structures for armchair/zigzag. The letters “A” and “Z” indicate the characteristic bonds at the tearing head to determine the edge structure and red dark gray and blue gray arrows indicate the directions to form armchair edge and zigzag edge, respectively. The triple-bond like structure appeared for the formation of armchair edge is indicated by “T.” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-bar-graphs-for-the-rates-of-specific-28npsnf8.png FIG. 2. Color online The bar graphs for the rates of specific edge length appeared after the tearing of a graphene sheet along a armchair edge and b zigzag edge depending on temperatures and speeds for the tearing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-initial-atomic-configurations-for-the-loxyqu24.png FIG. 1. Color online The initial atomic configurations for the graphene tearing along a the armchair, b the zigzag directions, and the resulting edge structures after tearing along c the armchair or d the zigzag directions. The green spheres gray spheres near the top arrows in a and b correspond to the constrained carbon atoms to tear the graphene sheet and others are carbon atoms without any constraints. The red/blue dark gray/gray spheres in c and d along the cut edges indicate carbon atoms forming lines of armchair/zigzag edges. https://scispace.com/papers/self-referral-in-a-gatekeeping-system-patients-reasons-for-33y4pn6mub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-this-drop-out-was-caused-by-the-registration-system-of-36w51e7y.png Fig. 1). This drop-out was caused by the registration system of the insurance company in question. For administrative simplicity purposes, patients who had visited care-providers at the primary level such as physiotherapists, were registered in the files as having visited medical specialists. https://scispace.com/papers/self-regulation-following-prostatectomy-phase-specific-self-4feabntwwx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-1p3dgxgw.png Table 3. (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-central-constructs-means-m-standard-deviations-sd-1g7fc0br.png Table I. Central constructs: means (M), standard deviations (SD), internal consistencies (Cronbach's ex), and intercorrelations https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-2ji72e1f.png Table 3. (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-exploratory-moderation-analyses-on-the-phase-w1pbekgs.png Table 3. (Continued) https://scispace.com/papers/self-regulated-plasma-heat-flux-mitigation-due-to-liquid-sn-27iqjn374s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cross-section-drawing-of-the-mo-capillary-poroussystem-o9r2sp32.png FIG. 1. Cross-section drawing of the Mo capillary-poroussystem target filled with Sn. Sn is held in place by a W-mesh structure. The Sn surface receives a plasma heat flux (qref ) which leads to evaporation and subsequent vapor formation in front of the target. The power is dissipated via evaporation and direct mass transport (qevap), radiation by the Sn vapor cloud (qrad), and mass transport resulting from charge exchange (CX) and recombination processes (qmass). The remaining heat is conducted to the cooling water (qcond). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-comparison-of-the-central-surface-temperature-1sw3xya7.png FIG. 2. A comparison of the central surface temperature evolution of liquid Sn and solid Mo during experiment and ANSYS simulations for qref ¼ 16 MWm−2. The steady-state temperature of Sn reduces significantly, due to vapor shielding, compared to the conduction-based model without vapor shielding. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-typical-spectrum-showing-high-n-states-of-h-the-inset-3q7fqxi2.png FIG. 6. Typical spectrum showing high-n states of H. The inset gives an example of the Boltzmann method: nj=gj is plotted versus the upper state energy level Ej. The inverse slope of the fitted line gives Te. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-te-as-a-function-of-qref-for-the-boltzmann-and-ts-ggrsxszh.png FIG. 7. (a) Te as a function of qref for the Boltzmann and TS methods compared for exposures on Mo. (b) Comparison of Te near a liquid Sn and solid Mo surface for H and He exposures. Te is found to be significantly lower in front of the liquid surface compared to the solid reference (especially in the case of He). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evaporation-flux-gevap-versus-the-plasma-particle-flux-2sftch5d.png FIG. 4. Evaporation flux (Γevap) versus the plasma particle flux (Γpart) in the center of the beam for He and H discharges. The solid line represents a perfect equilibrium between plasma and evaporation flux. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-power-transferred-to-cooling-water-as-function-of-qref-3hen19tr.png FIG. 5. Power transferred to cooling water as function of qref for both target types (a) and the difference in conducted power between Mo and Sn (b). The open circles in panel (b) indicate the power dissipated via evaporation assuming Y ¼ 0.8. The open triangles represent the lost evaporative power in the case of Y ¼ 0.92 [19]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temperature-of-the-target-surface-center-after-20-s-of-3brdeaxt.png FIG. 3. Temperature of the target surface center after 20 s of plasma exposure for liquid Sn and solid Mo. The lines are drawn to guide the eye. The surface temperature of liquid Sn is almost independent of qref for the given parameter space. The data point for Mo at 22 MWm−2 had a 5 s shot duration to prevent melting the target. https://scispace.com/papers/self-report-may-underestimate-trauma-intrusions-2lk3ofzscc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experiment-2-sample-characteristics-and-outcome-2rv2qyhh.png Table 1 Experiment 2: Sample characteristics and outcome measures, including means with 95% confidence intervals, and inferential statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experiment-2-the-correlations-between-the-measured-2p72833u.png Table 2 Experiment 2: The correlations between the measured subject characteristics and frequency of intrusive cognition https://scispace.com/papers/self-reported-oral-hygiene-habits-and-periodontal-symptoms-2uib35fcfe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sociodemographic-characteristics-oral-hygiene-habits-ywprw9rm.png Table 1 continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-logistic-regression-model-of-the-association-between-1kkhtzan.png Table 2 Logistic regression model of the association between periodontal disease and periodontal symptoms https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-logistic-regression-model-of-the-association-between-10qi0qln.png Table 3 Logistic regression model of the association between periodontal disease, gum swelling and adverse pregnancy outcome https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-if0cd88m.png Table 1 continued https://scispace.com/papers/self-similar-vortex-dynamics-in-superfluid-4he-under-the-kdc22izbbc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plot-of-self-similar-solutions-r-e-and-e-for-7-and-8-1vda05iw.png FIG. 3. Plot of self-similar solutions R(η) and (η) for (7) and (8) given (a) (α, α′) = (0, 0), (b) (α, α′) = (0.005, 0.003), and (c) (α, α′) = (0.073, 0.018). When the superfluid friction parameters are zero, the solution R(η) oscillates about a fixed point. Yet, with the addition as even small superfluid friction parameters, the solution R → ∞ as |η| → ∞. Here, R(0) = 1, R′(0) = ′(0) = 0, (0) = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plot-of-singular-self-similar-solutions-r-for-7-and-8-2sp9cfbg.png FIG. 2. Plot of singular self-similar solutions r̂ for (7) and (8). The red (lower) solution denotes (α, α′) = (0, 0), the blue (middle) solution denotes (α, α′) = (0.005, 0.003), and the green (upper) solution denotes (α, α′) = (0.073, 0.018). Here, R(0) = 1, R′(0) = ′(0) = 0, (0) = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-plot-of-small-amplitude-solutions-37-corresponding-to-3vl76fzx.png FIG. 1. Plot of small-amplitude solutions (37) corresponding to (38) over space x ∈ [0, 15] given (a) t = 0.1, (b) t = 1, and (c) t = 10. We fix γ = 1; changes in γ would simply manifest as a dilation of the temporal variable t, thereby altering (up to a scale) the temporal variation shown in (a)–(c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-plot-of-non-singular-self-similar-solutions-r-for-7-305oahn9.png FIG. 4. Plot of non-singular self-similar solutions r̂ for (7) and (8) given (a) (α, α′) = (0, 0), (b) (α, α′) = (0.005, 0.003), and (c) (α, α′) = (0.073, 0.018). Here, R(0) = = 10−3, R′(0) = ′(0) = 0, (0) = 2. Taking = 10−3 is sufficient to numerically approximate the non-singular vortex filament solution. https://scispace.com/papers/self-therapeutic-nanomaterials-for-cancer-therapy-a-review-3fp45rewet 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-diagram-of-peptide-based-nanoclusters-and-2xbdng6c.png Figure 4. Schematic diagram of peptide-based nanoclusters and their anticancer activity: (a) Graphical illustration for the construction of lanthanide-doped nanoclusters (LDC) and their cancer cell killing activity. (b) Schematic diagram of the production of small nanoparticles by the disintegration of large size nanocluster in the reducing intracellular environment. Reproduced with the permission of ref 60. Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-in-vitro-and-in-vivo-effects-of-boron-nitride-1qzjpxj1.png Figure 1. In vitro and in vivo effects of boron nitride nanospheres (BNs). (a) Different levels of necrosis (LDH) and apoptosis (caspase 3/7) in prostate cancer cells due to the release of boron from BA or hollow BN spheres. (b) BNS, BA, and saline effects on LNCap mouse tumor models. (c) Effect of different formulations of boron on the inhibition of tumor growth and (d) tumor volume in mice models. Reproduced with permission from ref 23. Copyright 2017 Springer Nature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-p-gp-inhibition-by-peg-pp-pe-micelles-reproduced-3n5m9ik6.png Figure 5. P-gp inhibition by PEG-pp-PE micelles. Reproduced with permission from ref 62. Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-schematic-illustration-of-intratumoral-39sixysb.png Figure 2. A schematic illustration of intratumoral deoxygenation utilizing magnesium silicide nanoparticles (MS NPS): Reproduced with permission from ref 38. Copyright 2017 Springer Nature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fenton-chemical-approach-to-oh-ion-therapeutic-2dlr7pq7.png Figure 3. Fenton chemical approach to OH· ion therapeutic systems. (a) Schematic illustration of rMOF-FA nanoparticles for cancer therapy. (b) rMOF-FA effects on HeLa and NIH-3T3 cells. (c) Peroxidase-like activity of rMOF-FA nanoparticles. (d) Synthesis scheme of rMOF-FA nanoparticles. Reproduced with permission from ref 39. Copyright 2017 American Chemical Society. https://scispace.com/papers/self-testing-analog-spiking-neuron-circuit-41prvokebk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-transistor-level-design-of-spiking-neuron-circuit-15w9esnc.png Fig. 1. Transistor-level design of spiking neuron circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-high-level-model-of-spiking-neuron-circuit-27sby4av.png Fig. 2. High-level model of spiking neuron circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-neuron-output-response-to-bist-stimuli-3isw5cne.png Fig. 5. Neuron output response to BIST stimuli. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-monte-carlo-analysis-showing-the-neuron-output-37a9xbsd.png Fig. 6. Monte Carlo analysis showing the neuron output response to BIST stimuli for 5 runs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bist-architecture-504wbsd6.png Fig. 4. BIST architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-approximate-areas-in-the-control-voltages-space-vc-vd-1z6j78i5.png Fig. 3. Approximate areas in the control voltages space Vc-Vd that produce the different firing patterns. The diamond points correspond to the nominal control voltages combinations used to produce each firing pattern. https://scispace.com/papers/self-sustained-current-oscillation-above-100-ghz-in-a-gaas-rw0tyuu42y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-experimental-setup-and-b-i-v-characteristic-of-the-26y1dnb3.png FIG. 1. ~a! Experimental setup and~b! I–V characteristic of the active superlattice mesa~solid line! and calculated characteristic~dashed line!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-tuneablity-and-b-output-power-2c9zz7xc.png FIG. 3. ~a! Tuneablity and~b! output power. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-microwave-spectrum-of-the-free-current-oscillation-a-248hjea5.png FIG. 2. Microwave spectrum of the free current oscillation~a! and the frequency-locked oscillation~b!. Inset: Spectrum of the frequency-locked oscillation measured with high frequency resolution. https://scispace.com/papers/self-triggered-networked-control-systems-an-experimental-4pcwele67z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-performance-evaluation-summary-3w1g6x62.png TABLE III: Performance evaluation summary https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-self-triggered-control-system-concept-3gzhwcxo.png Fig. 1: The self-triggered control system concept https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-network-traffic-for-the-self-triggered-strategy-1m2rjvmm.png Fig. 8: Network traffic for the self-triggered strategy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-network-traffic-for-the-periodic-strategy-13ah8xm3.png Fig. 7: Network traffic for the periodic strategy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-networked-control-system-scheme-3kmzdpdh.png Fig. 2: Networked control system scheme https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-electronic-double-integrator-circuit-2ie8unqt.png Fig. 4: Electronic double integrator circuit https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-electronic-components-nominal-and-validated-values-xyr6ayc1.png TABLE I: Electronic components nominal and validated values https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-implementation-setup-2idmbpkb.png Fig. 3: Implementation setup https://scispace.com/papers/self-tuning-service-provisioning-for-decentralized-cloud-530q8bceoa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-per-epoch-application-manager-cost-arbitrary-units-26ubkj59.png Fig. 4. Per-epoch application manager cost (arbitrary units) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-per-epoch-execution-zone-blocking-probability-1pawmzwo.png Fig. 5. Per-epoch execution zone blocking probability https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-per-epoch-average-won-bids-for-application-managers-of-24kvo3in.png Fig. 6. Per-epoch average won bids for application managers of given type (thousands) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-simulation-parameters-3bcxlv2z.png TABLE II SIMULATION PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-auction-based-resource-allocation-model-notation-264p2rr3.png TABLE I AUCTION-BASED RESOURCE ALLOCATION MODEL NOTATION https://scispace.com/papers/self-video-recording-for-the-integration-and-assessment-of-1c9p07sfpg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-rubric-for-oral-communication-3f59xy5o.png TABLE II. RUBRIC FOR ORAL COMMUNICATION https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-rubric-for-working-in-groups-1pvr6g3j.png TABLE I. RUBRIC FOR WORKING IN GROUPS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-shot-of-a-standard-video-recording-resulting-from-2k157obi.png Figure 4. Shot of a standard video recording resulting from the project https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-map-of-all-ict-elements-involved-in-the-ljs3ejmv.png Figure 3. Schematic map of all ICT elements involved in the selfvideo-recording project https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-meetings-section-of-pbworks-wiki-for-the-project-wvacv74w.png Figure 1. Meetings section of PbWorks wiki for the project https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-layout-of-the-self-video-recording-room-1xlavalx.png Figure 2. Layout of the self-video recording room https://scispace.com/papers/selfies-as-postfeminist-pedagogy-the-production-of-qc5pmxmf31 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-recreation-of-a-heavily-edited-southern-lady-2hhugepr.png Figure 2. A recreation of a heavily edited southern lady selfie. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-recreates-a-southern-lady-mirror-selfie-1qu0xkg6.png Figure 1. Model recreates a Southern Lady mirror selfie. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-recreation-of-a-southern-lady-car-selfie-with-xfzlg7ws.png Figure 3. A recreation of a southern lady car selfie with softening filters. https://scispace.com/papers/selfish-chromosomal-drive-shapes-recent-centromeric-histone-2rs3a4wezt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nucleotide-diversity-across-lg11-in-the-im-mimulus-1g5c2xts.png Table 1. Nucleotide diversity across LG11 in the IM Mimulus guttatus population 82 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-relative-strength-of-conspecific-and-3nsfi221.png Fig. 2. The relative strength of conspecific and heterospecific drive depends on the non-driving genotype at MDL11, as well as unlinked modifiers. A. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) scan of transmission ratio distortion in progeny of F2 hybrids reveals unlinked modifier QTLs on Linkage Groups/Chromosomes (LG) 9 and 14, in addition to the primary effect of MDL11 genotype. B. F2 genotype at CenH3A, which is centered under the LG14 modifier QTL, significantly influences D transmission in hybrids. Due to the three-parent crossing scheme (see Methods), there are only two F2 hybrid genotypes (DD- and Dd) at MDL11, but four possible CenH3A genotypes: GG (IM160/IM767 M. guttatus), NG160 (heterozygote with M. guttatus allele from IM160 parent), NG767 (heterozygote with M. guttatus allele from IM160 parent), and NN (M. nasutus). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-elevated-linkage-disequilibrium-r2-and-reduced-3n3s211u.png Fig. 1. Elevated linkage disequilibrium (r2) and reduced diversity (p) define a distinct haplotype around expanded Cent728 repeats associated with female meiotic drive in Mimulus guttatus. A heatmap of pairwise estimates of r2, plotted by megabases (Mb) on x- and y-axes, illustrates the region of suppressed recombination corresponding to Meiotic Drive Locus 11 (MDL11 in the Iron Mountain (IM) population of M. guttatus (N = 34 IM inbred lines). Lower panels (in order from top to bottom) show the chromosome-wide density of putatively centromeric Cent728 repeats, nucleotide diversity (p) per gene for lines carrying driving D (N = 14) and non-driving D- haplotypes (N= 20), divergence (dx,y.) per gene between D and D- lines, and the ratio of coverage in D- lines vs. D lines when both are aligned to the D reference genome (values near zero indicate likely deletion in D- vs. D, whereas values near 2 indicate possible duplication). https://scispace.com/papers/seller-s-reputation-and-capacity-on-the-illicit-drug-markets-x7mgpi7i9q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-drug-categories-in-silkkitie-ujilvum6.png Table 1: Drug categories in Silkkitie https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sales-of-different-substances-on-silkkitie-between-1z7jjsrn.png Figure 2: Sales of different substances on Silkkitie between 5 November 2014 and 26 September 2015 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-screenshot-from-silkkitie-with-the-sellers-16qjqas4.png Figure 1: Example screenshot from Silkkitie, with the seller’s positive and negative feedback in parentheses following the seller’s name https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-information-about-sales-on-silkkitie-2dqdnz94.png Table 2: Descriptive information about sales on Silkkitie during the 11-month study period https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reputation-and-availability-explaining-daily-sales-1vmyidff.png Table 3: Reputation and availability explaining daily sales on Silkkitie (based on fixed-effects Poisson regression models) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-change-in-daily-sales-on-silkkitie-based-on-3ma2zd8s.png Figure 3: Change in daily sales on Silkkitie based on percentile values of reputation and availability (adjusted predictions based on fixed-effects regression models) https://scispace.com/papers/selfishness-level-of-strategic-games-4ma7p3kt7i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selfishness-level-of-the-games-studied-in-this-paper-2s4z6kcb.png Table 1: Selfishness level of the games studied in this paper. † see Section 4 for the definitions of the respective parameters of the games. https://scispace.com/papers/selling-places-a-community-based-model-for-promoting-local-1ew3q2onfu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-action-reflection-cycle-for-research-tw7w0rio.png Figure 2: Action-reflection cycle for research https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-final-logo-2bzwjiwx.png Figure 6: The final logo https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-profile-of-participants-188vdvoa.png Table 1: Profile of participants https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-focus-group-contents-aahebodu.png Figure 3: Focus group contents https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-regional-food-characteristics-3myn3wiu.png Figure 1: Regional food characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-thematic-map-1t0fyxwl.png Figure 4: Thematic map https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-three-wales-model-119nam11.png Figure 5: The Three-Wales Model https://scispace.com/papers/semantic-analysis-in-the-automation-of-er-modelling-through-25yvwf33wn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-semantic-roles-and-their-definitions-10-11b1k33n.png TABLE 1 SEMANTIC ROLES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS [10] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-architecture-of-the-er-converter-tool-1ryza02m.png Fig. 1. Architecture of the ER-Converter tool https://scispace.com/papers/semantic-annotation-of-web-data-applied-to-risk-in-food-1j0soi58b7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-of-the-distinction-between-numeric-and-3mm230u5.png Table 6: Results of the distinction between numeric and symbolic columns. 428 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-reported-prevalence-of-campylobacter-424-14uq85bs.png Table 4: Reported prevalence of Campylobacter. 424 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-results-of-the-annotation-of-symbolic-columns-431-lmdtmicb.png Table 7: Results of the annotation of symbolic columns. 431 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-growth-of-vibrio-parahaemolyticus-in-trypticase-soy-3pazwao4.png Table 5: Growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Trypticase-soy-broth at 21°C (7%NaCl). 426 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numeric-types-of-the-ontology-418-25rxxosh.png Table 1: Numeric types of the ontology. 418 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-terms-represented-as-weighted-vectors-420-ygw3x77l.png Table 2: Terms represented as weighted vectors. 420 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-redox-potentials-on-some-foods-422-3j2aix35.png Table 3: Redox potentials on some foods. 422 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-different-steps-of-our-annotation-algorithm-411-5nbyltj2.png Figure 1: The different steps of our annotation algorithm 411 https://scispace.com/papers/semantic-aware-blind-image-quality-assessment-8xblrmztmy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-p-values-for-semantic-category-2toatsqk.png Table 3: Comparison of p-values for semantic category variables obtained through GLMM fitting https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-significance-level-of-semantic-categories-influence-1tswinfq.png Table 5: Significance level of semantic categories’ influence on image utility and quality across Blurred and JPEG image clusters https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sos-hypothesis-alpha-and-average-confidence-interval-11vwjoxb.png Table 2: SOS hypothesis alpha and average confidence interval (CI) across datasets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-features-and-prediction-module-combinations-for-55h4ohij.png Figure 8: Features and prediction module combinations for blackbox comparison https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-several-publicly-available-image-3ui7v7ax.png Table 1: Properties of Several Publicly Available Image Quality Datasets https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-the-different-nr-iqms-and-semantic-15h3qfz6.png Table 4: Comparison of the different NR-IQMs and semantic category features on different impairment types in the SA-IQ dataset https://scispace.com/papers/semantic-business-process-regulatory-compliance-checking-c3vaj5g9ex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-types-of-statements-in-legalruleml-adopted-from-20-1yponnfp.png Fig. 2: Types of statements in LegalRuleML (adopted from [20]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-legalruleml-document-structure-3937dxdc.png Fig. 1: LegalRuleML document structure. https://scispace.com/papers/semantic-distance-as-a-critical-factor-in-icon-design-for-in-4dliedmo5p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-search-and-settings-included-five-icons-each-owing-3inrga88.png Table 2. ‘Search’ and ‘Settings’ included five icons each owing to conventional status of the selected icons to represent these two functions. ‘Enter address’ and ‘My destinations’ included six icons each in order to examine more options in terms of semantic distance owing to the lack of an established status of these explicit terms to represent the functions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-procedure-of-primed-product-comparison-method-2inha680.png Figure 1. The procedure of primed product comparison method and experimental setup. In order to validate the icon preferences obtained in the first experiment in a more time- https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-which-can-be-used-to-search-for-the-best-possible-339um21e.png Table 6, which can be used to search for the best possible icon set, considering both preference and how easily distinguishable they are from the other icons. https://scispace.com/papers/semantic-based-grid-resource-discovery-and-its-integration-2dfrvybf0g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-knowledge-layer-vw5a30c2.png Figure 2: Knowledge Layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-resource-discovery-module-u5oat8vl.png Figure 4: Resource Discovery Module. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-interface-to-update-database-26d3283t.png Figure 5: Interface to update database. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-concept-hierarchy-operating-system-3ogtepcl.png Figure 6: Concept Hierarchy-Operating System https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-effect-of-database-updation-in-semantic-discovery-3ghw7u2w.png Figure 8: Effect of database updation in semantic discovery of resources. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-direct-vs-semantic-results-1vr01m3e.png Figure 7: Direct Vs Semantic Results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-ontology-template-shows-concepts-and-properties-zq0g75oj.png Figure 3: The ontology template shows concepts and properties. https://scispace.com/papers/semantic-interpretation-as-computation-in-nonmonotonic-logic-3ctj6hrv6l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentages-of-dieussaerts-subjects-drawing-target-1tvfelbs.png Table 1 Percentages of Dieussaert’s subjects drawing target conclusions in each of the four argument forms modus ponens (MP), modus tollens (MT), denial of the antecedent (DA), and affirmation of the consequent (AC), in two premiss and three premiss arguments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-network-associated-to-p-p-q-q-s-r-1os8ka71.png Fig. 5. Network associated to {p,p → q, q ∧ s → r}. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bayesian-network-for-an-alternative-conditional-2g8lkftt.png Fig. 3. Bayesian network for an alternative conditional premiss. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-three-valued-connectives-nmx6ufr5.png Fig. 4. Three-valued connectives. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-network-for-ac-qy7yu75t.png Fig. 9. Network for AC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-structure-of-ab-nodes-3ck8j28k.png Fig. 11. Structure of ab nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-structure-of-input-nodes-nhxttofh.png Fig. 10. Structure of input nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-network-for-the-suppression-of-mp-38t0lzn6.png Fig. 8. Network for the suppression of MP. https://scispace.com/papers/semantic-enabled-complex-event-language-for-business-process-24nch2n4v9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temporal-relations-1-k05alysn.png Figure 2. Temporal Relations [1] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evo-and-part-of-cobra-ontology-1-1yp75qch.png Figure 1. EVO and Part of COBRA Ontology [1] https://scispace.com/papers/semantic-information-and-the-correctness-theory-of-truth-4aaxbe0yee 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-correctness-theory-of-truth-u1ig2myb.png Figure 5. The Correctness Theory of Truth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-relation-is-correctly-saturated-by-assigns-to-13blnjx3.png Figure 1. The relation “is correctly saturated by” assigns to each query Q in A at least one result R in B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-meaning-of-cor-q-a-is-a-simplification-for-clp0-14ne1uw0.png Figure 4. The meaning of [COR]. Q+A is a simplification for CLP0/1Q + A0/1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-function-f-is-correctly-saturated-by-assigns-to-kfzztooe.png Figure 2. The function f (= is correctly saturated by) assigns to each Boolean question Q in A exactly one Boolean answer (either Yes or No) in B. Note that Q3, for example, corresponds to a negative truth, e.g. “the red wine is not in the fridge” in the case in which the fridge does not contain any red wine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-summary-of-the-first-four-steps-in-the-analysis-of-2mbu0va8.png Figure 3. Summary of the first four steps in the analysis of semantic information. The process starts with Q0/1 on the left. https://scispace.com/papers/semantic-knowledge-base-in-support-of-activity-recognition-a5xou7vap0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-28-day-observation-of-sensor-data-2gu6gby7.png Fig. 4: 28-day Observation of Sensor Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pre-processed-data-representation-35fe9uei.png Table 1: Pre-Processed Data Representation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-semantic-activity-recognition-framework-2ob2iyws.png Fig. 1: Semantic Activity Recognition Framework https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-detailed-representation-of-semantic-knowledge-base-2gevr043.png Fig. 2: Detailed Representation of Semantic Knowledge Base https://scispace.com/papers/semantic-parsing-using-distributional-semantics-and-1jdiec6uqc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rte-accuracy-and-sts-correlation-3vx5dph3.png Table 1: RTE accuracy and STS Correlation https://scispace.com/papers/semantic-lifting-and-reasoning-on-the-personalised-activity-4ysxwkj5k5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-performance-evaluation-case-2-288iy4ry.png Fig. 6. Performance evaluation case 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overall-framework-architecture-2ju656nn.png Fig. 1. Overall Framework Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-performance-evaluation-case-1-12a2qffu.png Fig. 5. Performance evaluation case 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-myhealthavatar-mobile-app-1b1qr9qr.png Fig. 4. MyhealthAvatar Mobile App https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-data-integration-interface-xft9at33.png Fig. 3. Data integration interface https://scispace.com/papers/semantic-oriented-error-correction-for-spoken-query-2jr3s3n0mf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-of-template-abstracted-by-lsp-1af2qnwj.png Table 1. Example of template abstracted by LSP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-common-semantic-category-values-39v8ht8m.png Figure 1. Common semantic category values https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experiment-of-word-accuracy-2p4z0m0f.png Table 2. Experiment of word accuracy https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-word-error-rate-and-term-error-rate-3734cpyz.png Table 3. Comparison of word error rate and term error rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-semantic-oriented-error-correction-3k78mz02.png Figure 3. Example of semantic-oriented error correction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-semantic-oriented-error-correction-process-x1kf8721.png Figure 2. Semantic-oriented Error Correction Process https://scispace.com/papers/semantic-prediction-errors-are-context-dependent-an-erp-1yqczlqgbd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-results-a-the-graph-shows-the-erps-and-difference-1v3fuof2.png Figure 2. Results. (a) The graph shows the ERPs and difference waves for the https://scispace.com/papers/semantic-query-optimization-in-an-automata-algebra-combined-2djs3ytz13 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-query-tree-for-figure-1-a-1syqk55t.png Figure 3: Query Tree for Figure 1 (a) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-execution-time-of-two-alternative-plans-on-a-85m-3gkrlzf1.png Figure 2: Execution Time of Two Alternative Plans (on a 85M XML Stream) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-alternative-stream-logical-plans-25otr9j0.png Figure 1: Alternative Stream Logical Plans https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-modified-new-plan-sq3t9etr.png Figure 4: Modified New Plan https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gui-showing-stream-logical-plans-3uil6ys0.png Figure 5: GUI Showing Stream Logical Plans https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-gui-showing-schema-based-optimization-2o8gdt32.png Figure 6: GUI Showing Schema-Based Optimization https://scispace.com/papers/semantic-processing-using-the-hidden-vector-state-model-157lz3gfvu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-statistics-of-model-parameters-2nbklgtq.png Table 6 Statistics of model parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-finite-state-tagger-parse-result-qflu4geh.png Fig. 1. An example of finite-state tagger parse result. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistics-of-the-darpa-communicator-travel-data-21d9i17p.png Table 2 Statistics of the DARPA Communicator Travel Data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-slot-f-measure-vs-stack-depth-1byja1ur.png Fig. 4. Slot F-measure vs. stack depth. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-parses-generated-by-the-fst-and-hvs-3umt10k6.png Fig. 3. Comparison of parses generated by the FST and HVS models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-of-the-atis-and-darpa-communicator-data-12acyy12.png Table 1 Statistics of the ATIS and DARPA Communicator Data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-a-parse-tree-and-its-vector-state-19i8g5m6.png Fig. 2. Example of a parse tree and its vector state equivalent. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-definition-for-an-hvs-model-2cxk4ns3.png Fig. 5. Definition for an HVS model. https://scispace.com/papers/semantic-reference-model-in-medical-time-series-mwii7jhwsx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-classifications-achieved-by-the-system-and-by-the-yn8sbkea.png Table 2. Classifications achieved by the system and by the expert for a population of uninjured men https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-process-for-creating-reference-models-3mtp3urk.png Fig. 3. Process for creating reference models https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-in-which-traditional-similarity-methods-would-3u3pia0c.png Fig. 5. Example in which traditional similarity methods would not be suitable https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-isokinetics-machine-a-and-collected-data-b-11fb100d.png Fig. 1. Isokinetics machine (a) and collected data (b) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-isokinetics-symbols-alphabet-193hmv8f.png Table 1. Isokinetics Symbols Alphabet https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-symbols-of-an-isokinetics-curve-3gvnkkiv.png Fig. 6. Symbols of an isokinetics curve https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-data-pre-processing-tasks-2pzklfcg.png Fig. 2. Data pre-processing tasks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-architecture-of-sem-2iwxfjo8.png Fig. 7. Architecture of SEM https://scispace.com/papers/semantic-schema-matching-2romjjiic7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-xml-schemas-and-some-of-the-mappings-3dip3kac.png Fig. 1: Two XML schemas and some of the mappings https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-element-level-semantic-matchers-10wavdn3.png Table 1: Element level semantic matchers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-matrix-of-semantic-relations-holding-between-28n88eht.png Table 2: The matrix of semantic relations holding between concepts of labels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-some-indicators-of-the-complexity-of-the-test-cases-2e18wkd9.png Table 6: Some indicators of the complexity of the test cases https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-matrix-of-semantic-relations-holding-between-3cgx1brc.png Table 3: The matrix of semantic relations holding between concepts of nodes (the matching result). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-attributes-the-matrix-of-semantic-relations-holding-hlig8r16.png Table 5: Attributes: the matrix of semantic relations holding between concepts of nodes (the matching result). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-relationship-between-semantic-relations-and-3yju6x9y.png Table 4: The relationship between semantic relations and propositional formulas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evaluation-results-3jpg1yfx.png Fig. 2: Evaluation Results https://scispace.com/papers/semantic-sketch-based-video-retrieval-with-autocompletion-36spxc5zmk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-imotion-qbs-automcompletion-in-action-a-user-1gqy7hj6.png Figure 2: IMOTION QbS automcompletion in action: (a) user sketches a color sketch with the brush tool; matching images of the sea are retrieved (b) user switches to pencil and starts drawing a boat; a suggestion pop-up appears mid-sketch; (c) user selects the first option and the new results are displayed https://scispace.com/papers/semantic-service-substitution-in-pervasive-environments-4cm6cgtiw1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-document-ontology-example-2ipblemv.png Figure 4 A document ontology example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-ontology-example-xqaagfl1.png Figure 3 An ontology example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-execution-for-semantic-service-matching-l2pj8j52.png Figure 5 Time execution for semantic service matching https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-time-and-memory-consumption-for-qos-degree-7o9m237l.png Figure 6 Time and memory consumption for QoS degree computing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-three-operation-specifications-1mxwctjj.png Figure 1 Three operation specifications https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-three-interface-specifications-1jmbuwy3.png Figure 2 Three interface specifications https://scispace.com/papers/semantically-meaningful-cohorts-enable-specialized-knowledge-3t4ax7ag0u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lesson-design-outline-2g0fl8es.png Fig. 2. Lesson design outline https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-representative-terms-from-four-different-sigs-across-3qzdcwwg.png Table 4. Representative terms from four different SIGs across all weeks https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coding-scheme-for-design-document-quality-3iajopzm.png Table 1. Coding scheme for design document quality https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-special-interest-groups-initial-and-final-xpdckej2.png Fig. 3. Special Interest Groups: Initial and final configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-adjusted-r-squared-for-the-five-design-document-3nsnnmot.png Table 5. Adjusted R-squared for the five design document quality ratings using the different similarity scores. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-betweenness-withinness-for-forums-reviews-144rte03.png Table 2. Average betweenness/withinness for forums, reviews and Etherpads, all SIGs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-similarity-between-sig-content-and-videos-per-week-35rz5s9g.png Fig. 4. Similarity between SIG content and videos per week. https://scispace.com/papers/semantics-and-usage-statistics-for-multi-dimensional-query-3hvfjaqzer 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-top-5-dimensions-that-most-co-occur-in-a-collection-n7kv8dd2.png Table 1. Top-5 dimensions that most co-occur (in a collection of dashboards) with the Sales Revenue measure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-architecture-overview-of-the-proposed-personalized-2avzdwpy.png Fig. 1. Architecture overview of the proposed personalized query expansion system for multi-dimensional models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-graph-describing-a-dashboard-orange-and-associated-ab5qyy6k.png Fig. 2. Graph describing a dashboard (orange) and associated charts (blue), with referenced measures (purple) and dimensions (yellow). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-screenshot-of-auto-completion-used-in-an-interactive-weyb6xdr.png Fig. 3. Screenshot of auto-completion used in an interactive query designer. (a) First suggestions after characters “sa” and (b) suggestions following the selection of measure Sales revenue and character “c”. On the right is a sample visualization that can be built with the query Sales revenue by City. https://scispace.com/papers/semantics-discovery-via-human-computation-games-3bj8fwwpgu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relative-distribution-of-relationship-types-in-the-2mh0y1f3.png Figure 6. Relative distribution of relationship types in the manually evaluated set and ConceptNet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-the-little-search-game-interface-with-2dzzdfu4.png Figure 1. Example of the Little Search Game interface with negative terms (left), attempt history (center) and ranking ladder (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-the-attractiveness-survey-from-the-little-zv04o73e.png Table 1. Results of the attractiveness survey from the Little Search Game showcase experiment. https://scispace.com/papers/semantics-based-obfuscation-resilient-binary-code-similarity-igjwsbquba 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-code-similarity-scores-resulting-from-different-3qomcva5.png Figure 5: Code similarity scores resulting from different compiler optimization levels. Higher is better since these two programs share codebase. (Legend: Ti and Si stand for thttpd and sthttpd compiled with -Oi, respectively.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-detection-results-resilience-to-single-code-1i31legg.png Table 1: Detection results (resilience to single code obfuscation) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-detection-results-resilience-to-multiple-code-3bi9e3zb.png Table 2: Detection results (resilience to multiple code obfuscation) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-code-similarity-scores-resulting-from-different-po7aepgi.png Figure 6: Code similarity scores resulting from different compilers. Higher is better since these two programs share codebase. (Legend: Pc stands for program P compiled with compiler c, where P is either T for thttpd or S for sthttpd, and c is either G for GCC or I for ICC, respectively.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-basic-block-symbolic-execution-21hqkaw9.png Figure 2: Basic block symbolic execution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-gecko-vs-firefox-12pieo2r.png Figure 7: Gecko vs. Firefox (%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-d-and-g-tables-store-the-intermediate-lcs-10i8mj1g.png Figure 4: The δ and γ tables store the intermediate LCS scores and the directions of the computed LCS, respectively. The three arrows on the left indicate the parent-child relationship between two nodes in the suspicious program during the LCS computation. For example, in the computed LCS, the parent node of node 2 is node 1, instead of node 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-example-for-path-similarity-calculation-the-3tv7on02.png Figure 3: An example for path similarity calculation. The black blocks are inserted bogus blocks. There is an opaque predicate inserted in M that always evaluates to true at runtime which makes the direct flow to the node 5 infeasible. https://scispace.com/papers/semantics-supported-cooperative-learning-for-enhanced-3rcrvebs1r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-semantics-enabled-query-form-fnf6oogc.png Table 3 Semantics-enabled query form https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-awareness-in-cscl-fe510egk.png Table 1 Awareness in CSCL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graphical-ska-hjcuczgt.png Figure 1 Graphical SKA https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-metadata-from-table-5-edit-form-submit-1r3jqd1i.png Table 6 Metadata from Table 5 edit form submit https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sparql-semantic-query-for-table-3-form-7lsq450t.png Table 4 SPARQL semantic query for Table 3 form https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-automatically-generated-metadata-edition-form-2rbk32mn.png Figure 8 Automatically generated metadata edition form https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-semantics-enabled-edit-form-2olf0gfn.png Table 5 Semantics-enabled edit form https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-assisted-metadata-creation-popup-mn7te3s1.png Figure 9 Assisted metadata creation popup https://scispace.com/papers/semi-automated-color-segmentation-of-anatomical-tissue-4fo5b9zlsm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sequence-of-images-for-an-automatic-run-on-an-initial-b1koluo4.png Fig. 5. Sequence of images for an automatic run on an initial manual distribution of 200 seed points: (a) first run; (b) second run; (c) third run; and (d) fourth run. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sequence-of-images-for-an-interactive-run-on-an-1jq10a4v.png Fig. 6. Sequence of images for an interactive run on an initial random distribution of 200 seed points: (a) first run; (b) second run; (c) third run; and (d) fourth run. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-vesaliuse-project-right-lung-4q5yj7yw.png Fig. 1. Vesaliuse project—right lung. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sequence-of-images-for-an-interactive-run-on-an-2vb07hht.png Fig. 7. Sequence of images for an interactive run on an initial manual distribution of 200 seed points: (a) first run; (b) second run; (c) third run; and (d) fourth run. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pseudocode-for-the-2d-region-based-color-segmentation-3jnu7gkk.png Fig. 3. Pseudocode for the 2D region-based color segmentation algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-voronoi-diagram-b-delaunay-triangulation-1jnm94s4.png Fig. 2. (a) Voronoi diagram. (b) Delaunay triangulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sequence-of-images-for-an-automatic-run-on-an-initial-2tfjgga8.png Fig. 4. Sequence of images for an automatic run on an initial random distribution of 200 seed points: (a) first run; (b) second run; (c) third run; and (d) fourth run. https://scispace.com/papers/semi-automatic-generation-of-metamodels-from-model-sketches-4x97nkfqj7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-inferring-example-env7h15m.png Fig. 2. Inferring example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-flexisketch-tool-showing-a-users-sketch-704pp1b9.png Fig. 1. The FlexiSketch tool showing a user’s sketch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-minimalistic-class-diagram-fragment-1236v4ky.png Fig. 5. A minimalistic class diagram fragment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-metamodel-of-the-fully-defined-class-diagram-fragment-1jt23l4n.png Fig. 6. Metamodel of the fully defined class diagram fragment from Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-close-up-of-the-wizard-window-h329w1dt.png Fig. 4. A close-up of the wizard window. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-wizard-highlights-an-instance-of-a-connection-type-3lgwc5hv.png Fig. 3. The wizard highlights an instance of a connection type and asks for the cardinalities. https://scispace.com/papers/semi-automatic-controller-design-of-java-like-models-24tfmw7dn6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-semi-automatic-controller-design-28my825f.png Figure 1: Semi-automatic Controller Design. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relation-between-verij-and-java-2ev9x02l.png Figure 2: Relation between VeriJ and Java. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-controllability-checking-no-controller-and-synthesis-235nd11m.png Table 1: Controllability checking (no controller), and synthesis https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-system-under-user-defined-controller-3vclg5u5.png Table 2: System under user-defined controller https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-code-samples-from-the-highway-system-17w47z4h.png Figure 5: Code samples from the highway system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-deterministic-part-of-strategy-s1-dl8d7jah.png Figure 6: Deterministic part of strategy S1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-class-diagram-for-the-highway-system-2ojtgxk0.png Figure 4: Class diagram for the highway system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-highway-section-137vj63a.png Figure 3: A highway section. https://scispace.com/papers/semi-blind-joint-symbols-and-multipath-parameters-estimation-4dylit5eok 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impact-of-m-on-channel-mse-with-rectified-mkrf-ls-m66golbq.png Figure 4: Impact of M on channel MSE with rectified MKRF/LS/ALS receiver https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-system-matrices-and-tensors-e6hjo8ww.png Table 2: System matrices and tensors https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mkrf-ls-als-receivers-2kpgg462.png Table 3: MKRF-(LS)-ALS receivers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-impact-of-m-on-ser-with-mkrf-fnk68wle.png Figure 3: Impact of M on SER with MKRF https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-global-sers-using-the-zf-and-mkrf-1foqyrig.png Figure 8: Comparison of global SERs using the ZF and MKRF algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-individual-sers-using-the-mkrf-3us1zxos.png Figure 9: Comparison of individual SERs using the MKRF algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-comparison-of-msex-obtained-with-different-1dum6xb3.png Figure 13: Comparison of MSEX obtained with different receivers (with and without rectification) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-design-parameters-z7gxlumj.png Table 1: Design parameters https://scispace.com/papers/semi-automatic-registration-of-videos-for-improved-watermark-2xwevd2dh0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-matching-window-of-five-frames-3n6bnedb.png Figure 5: Matching window of five frames. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-processing-times-2hkfl8oo.png Table 1: Processing times. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-test-videos-for-the-evaluation-6jpxi97u.png Table 2: Test videos for the evaluation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-an-original-frame-a-after-perspective-distortion-2dp2og2q.png Figure 8: An original frame (a) after perspective distortion and compression with a very low bit rate (b). As in camcorded copies, two successive source frames are blended into a copy frame in (c) (with a ratio of 50%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-overview-1jn2so26.png Figure 1: System overview https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bidirectional-detection-of-frame-drop-repeat-an-1ribic87.png Figure 6: Bidirectional detection of frame drop/repeat. An original video sequence is shown on top with a temporally distorted copy below: Frame B has been dropped while frame D is duplicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-application-screenshot-3ny36h6s.png Figure 7: Application screenshot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-different-registration-techniques-for-1zed55up.png Figure 3: Comparison of different registration techniques for watermark extraction: unattacked watermark extraction (a), extraction without (b) and with (c) registration, extraction with inverse transformation of the watermarked copy (d). The same effects can be observed on an invisible mark, too. https://scispace.com/papers/semi-connections-and-hierarchies-26epiw51fk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-neurite-filtering-from-semi-connected-components-3dbc0qyi.png Fig. 5. Neurite filtering from semi-connected components hierarchy (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-subsets-xi-of-a-set-x-equipped-with-subrelationsaxi-of-1xlx9zjt.png Fig. 1. Subsets Xi of a set X, equipped with subrelationsáXi of a semi-adjacency relationá, for i “ 0 to 4, with Xi`1 Ď Xi for all i P rr0, 3ss, and áXi “á X pXi ˆ Xiq for all i P rr0, 4ss. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-hasse-diagram-for-d-of-all-the-cyrxis-b-hasse-2d1qf7sm.png Fig. 4. (a) Hasse diagram for Ď of all the CýrXis. (b) Hasse diagrams for Ď of each CÑrXis. (c) Proposed structure (enriched tree), i.e., the fusion of (a) and (b). (d) Hasse diagram for Ď (DAG) of all the CÑrXis, modeled by (c). The dashed arrows in (c) are “extra” links with respect to (d). The blue and magenta nodes are elements that may be collapsed in (c) without loss of information. (b–d) For the sake of readability, the nodes are labeled by their first letter, with respect to Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-semi-connected-components-of-xi-each-one-is-3uu3n9pg.png Fig. 3. The semi-connected components of Xi. Each one is labeled by the capital letters corresponding to the strongly connected components that form its partition: A, CDB, C’FGB’, etc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-strongly-connected-components-of-xi-each-one-is-1d792cdh.png Fig. 2. The strongly connected components of Xi. Each one is labeled by a capital letter: A, B, C, etc. When a component Z appears in several CýrXis, it is successively labeled as Z, Z’, Z”, etc. https://scispace.com/papers/semi-continuous-strategy-for-the-modelling-of-damage-2usrz3l703 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-damage-mechanisms-tqv03cfj.png Figure 11: Damage mechanisms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-fiber-breackage-for-the-specimen-s8-3jg5stha.png Figure 10: Fiber breackage for the specimen S8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fracture-surface-of-a-ud-thin-laminate-after-impact-2fgdsr5b.png Figure 1: Fracture surface of a UD thin laminate after impact https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-semi-continuous-strategy-for-the-modelling-of-a-ud-nkymooi3.png Figure 2: Semi-continuous strategy for the modelling of a UD ply https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-longitudinal-and-transverse-damage-modelling-nq66d6zx.png Figure 4: Longitudinal and transverse damage modelling https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-principle-of-the-specific-shell-to-shell-interface-26crgwlt.png Figure 5: Principle of the specific shell-to-shell interface element used https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-brittle-rupture-of-the-rods-with-an-exponential-equwn2k3.png Figure 3: Brittle rupture of the rods with an exponential decreasing law https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-experimental-and-numerical-damages-for-j7o9k58l.png Figure 9: Experimental and numerical damages for configuration S6 https://scispace.com/papers/semi-fragile-image-authentication-using-generic-wavelet-3s1sgeekab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-examples-of-authentication-results-image-size-3uv9oga9.png Figure 5. Examples of authentication results (image size: 512x640) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-on-the-contribution-of-morphological-f0v9iw53.png Figure 3. Illustration on the contribution of morphological operation Figure 4. Illustration on coding (a) Original significant map (b) Noise corrupted significant map SLCC for block signature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proposed-system-diagram-for-image-authentication-e3g1yyl9.png Figure 1. Proposed system diagram for image authentication Figure 2.Comparison results without (lower line) Upper: content signing Lower: content authentication and with de-noising (upper line) https://scispace.com/papers/semi-implicit-preconditioning-for-wall-bounded-flow-43pcaw732m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-test-case-geometry-14cip885.png Figure 6. Test case geometry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-pressure-contours-close-to-the-wall-beneath-the-43qohozs.png Figure 10. Pressure contours close to the wall beneath the shock. The dashed line indicates the approximate limit for use of the semi-implicit preconditioning. Notice the strong close-up. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-between-the-reynolds-stresses-fully-3nl8t9f0.png Figure 4. Comparison between the Reynolds stresses: , fully explicit scheme; , semi-implicit scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-between-the-reynolds-stress-fully-3elmzxgq.png Figure 5. Comparison between the Reynolds stress: , fully explicit scheme; , semi-implicit scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-between-the-streamwise-velocities-fully-qqrrsfm1.png Figure 3. Comparison between the streamwise velocities: , fully explicit scheme; , semi-implicit scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-grid-stretching-for-the-validation-case-xr9a6y6o.png Figure 2. Grid stretching for the validation case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-assumed-geometry-3w4n442z.png Figure 1. Assumed geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-stretching-factor-in-the-wall-normal-direction-for-2a0mnp0h.png Figure 7. Stretching factor in the wall normal direction for the test case at . https://scispace.com/papers/semi-lagrangian-schemes-for-mean-field-game-models-3xnez9ryoq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-density-distribution-me-i-k-1xw4k5eq.png Fig. 3. Density distribution mε i,k https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-errors-e-me-p-left-e-ve-p-right-p-0-18-kli8051e.png Fig. 2. Errors: E(mε,p) (left), E(vε,p) (right), p = 0...., 18 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-density-distribution-me-i-k-2mqznjo3.png Fig. 1. Density distribution mε i,k https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-errors-e-me-p-left-e-ve-p-right-p-0-9-qhpplbbh.png Fig. 4. Errors: E(mε,p) (left), E(vε,p) (right), p = 0...., 9 https://scispace.com/papers/semi-nonparametric-methods-for-detecting-latent-non-cr71swvx76 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparisons-between-true-latent-distributions-and-1z9xagsz.png FIGURE 6 Comparisons between true latent distributions and predictions based on analysis of nine dichotomous, right-skewed items. The histograms (with density plot overlayed in red) are calculated from the actual latent factor scores for a random sample of N = 100,000 used for power calculation. The parameter d represents the distance between two standard normal curves (in SD) and p is the proportion of factor scores in the left-most distribution. As d increases, the latent distributions increasingly deviate from normality. The plots, shown at right of each corresponding histogram, represent the mean weight estimates for the latent trait derived from item response patterns alone (SD for each weight as error bars). These plots were based on 1000 simulations, each with N = 6,000 and factor loadings of .7, and placed according to the IPQ. Expectations under the null hypothesis of normality (as closed gray circles connected by a dotted line) also are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-latent-trait-model-schematic-with-a-20-point-98iv4l5l.png FIGURE 1 Latent trait model schematic, with a 20-point quadrature describing the latent variable as normally distributed. To relax the assumption of normality, the central six quadrature weights (squares) were allowed to fluctuate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-qq-plots-of-1000-simulated-tests-of-normality-for-380vrxsc.png FIGURE 2 QQ plots of 1,000 simulated tests of normality for varying factor loadings and sample sizes. For all plots, items were specified as part of a hypothetical nine-item psychopathological questionnaire, with item placements identical to those shown in Figure 3. A latent trait model with a 20-point quadrature was used to analyze the data. The straight lines represent expectations under a chi-squared distribution with 3 df. For simplicity, plots involving sample sizes of 6,000 and 10,000 are not shown, as they had similar patterns to simulations of like sample sizes. https://scispace.com/papers/semi-passive-replication-and-lazy-consensus-4yq7j8n3c3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-semi-passive-replication-update-message-sent-by-the-3jcz5r18.png Fig. 3. Semi-passive replication: update message sent by the primary. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-permutations-of-s-and-selection-of-a-coordinator-2zl1co0n.png Fig. 6. Permutations of S and selection of a coordinator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-semi-passive-replication-with-one-failure-worst-case-ruauh4r7.png Fig. 8. Semi-passive replication with one failure (worst case). The critical path request-response is highlighted in gray. The execution of the Lazy Consensus in the case of one crash is also depicted in Fig.6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-semi-passive-replication-good-run-the-critical-path-2rpshgdb.png Fig. 7. Semi-passive replication (good run). The critical path request-response is highlighted in gray. The execution of the Lazy Consensus is also depicted in Fig.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-chandra-toueg-consensus-illustration-of-a-single-round-de99nkc8.png Fig. 4. Chandra–Toueg Consensus; illustration of a single round execution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-lazy-consensus-illustration-of-a-single-round-3w45iph6.png Fig. 5. Lazy Consensus; illustration of a single round execution. Initially, the processes hold⊥ instead of a proposition value. In the first round, estimate messages of the first phase are not essential to the algorithm (discussed in Section5.3.1). https://scispace.com/papers/semi-strong-factors-in-asset-returns-3ziz2z3h8r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-first-four-moments-of-time-series-factors-272jw5d2.png Table 2: First four moments of time-series factors https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-panel-regression-marginal-r2s-for-each-factor-9lvhtok7.png Table 5: Panel regression marginal R2’s for each factor https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cross-sectional-averages-of-time-series-moments-of-2nzeno95.png Table 1: Cross-sectional averages of time-series moments of daily returns before and after Winsorization https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-adjusted-mean-squared-beta-estimates-and-their-z-2l2a7hvl.png Table 4: Adjusted mean-squared beta estimates and their z-statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cross-sectional-average-factor-betas-and-their-t-1q4bfqq7.png Table 3: Cross-sectional average factor betas and their t-statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-stepwise-regression-using-the-akaike-information-i1kanqny.png Table 7: Stepwise Regression Using the Akaike Information Criterion https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-test-for-natural-rate-versus-semi-strong-factors-z-ktdfq0nq.png Table 6: Test for natural rate versus semi-strong factors (z-statistics) https://scispace.com/papers/semi-supervised-self-training-of-object-detection-models-73radcwzak 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-normalized-performance-of-the-detector-mv9x0hzt.png Figure 7. Normalized performance of the detector, incorporating weakly labeled data by using the confidence metric (a) or the MSE metric (b), as the fully labeled training set size varies. The bottom plot line is the performance with labeled data only and the top plot line is the performance with the addition of weakly labeled data. Error bars indicate the 95% significance interval of the mean value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-the-training-images-selected-at-each-2twhkjmv.png Figure 6. Comparison of the training images selected at each iteration for the confidence and the MSE selection metrics. The initial training set of 40 images is the same for both metrics and is 1/12 of the initial training set size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-batch-training-2wwez1wn.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of the batch training approach with EM (left) and the incremental selftraining approach (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ratio-of-weakly-labeled-to-fully-labeled-data-as-3cwmitdo.png Figure 8. Ratio of weakly labeled to fully labeled data as the fully labeled training set size increases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-representation-of-the-detection-process-1zmu97x6.png Figure 2. Schematic representation of the detection process for a single stage of the detector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-original-unlabeled-data-and-labeled-data-b-plot-f5yorfxa.png Figure 9. (a) Original unlabeled data and labeled data; (b) Plot of the true labels for the unlabeled data; (c),(d) The points labeled by the incremental self-training algorithm after 5 iterations using the confidence metric and the Euclidean metric, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-landmark-used-on-a-typical-training-image-left-2xfn6uy4.png Figure 3. Landmark used on a typical training image (left); sample training images and the training examples associated with them (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-schematic-representation-of-the-computation-of-1wsh283q.png Figure 4. A schematic representation of the computation of the MSE score metric. The candidate image and the labeled images are first normalized with a specific set of processing steps before the MSE based score metric is computed. https://scispace.com/papers/semi-supervised-svms-for-classification-with-unknown-class-56mb463bim 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-demonstration-that-cost-adjusted-labeled-loss-does-wvbrel93.png Figure 4: Demonstration that cost adjusted labeled loss does not change performance significantly. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-variation-of-the-performance-of-methods-with-f-lab-8p6b7ul6.png Figure 5: Variation of the performance of methods with f lab (LabelFrac) when factual is known and the methods use f = factual. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-earn-dataset-sensitivities-of-the-methods-with-1v2pxiyi.png Figure 3: Earn dataset: sensitivities of the methods with respect to f with just 20 labeled examples. The left plot shows performance of various methods. The right plot shows TSVM performance (blue) and TSVM objective function in equation (2) (magenta) (both are normalized to max value of 1 to show them on the same plot). When factual is known TSVM gives an F score of 0.93. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-understanding-estimation-method-2-svm-n-denotes-1xnlop6p.png Figure 8: Understanding Estimation Method 2. SVM-N denotes LSVM output for N labeled examples and FullSVM is output of SVM corresponding to a very large labeled set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variation-of-er-performance-with-f-lab-labelfrac-mbzhln1x.png Figure 6: Variation of ER performance with f lab (LabelFrac) for various ρ values. Dashdot: ρ = 5 (gives performance close to LSVM); Continuous: ρ = 50 (same as in Figure 5); Dotted: ρ = 500; Dashed: ρ = 5000. ER with ρ ≥ 500 yields a performance close to that of EC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-estimation-method-2-mean-with-error-bars-of-3kx40fdv.png Figure 7: Estimation Method 2. Mean (with error bars) of factualest versus n lab for gcat. factual = 0.3011 for gcat. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-performance-of-estimation-method-3-as-applied-to-3bcgnvby.png Figure 11: Performance of Estimation method 3 as applied to EC (top row) and SVMTh (bottom row). Estimation Method 3: Continuous. Dashed: Use f = factual (Upper baseline) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-comparison-of-factual-estimation-methods-as-28lvg7ki.png Figure 12: Comparison of factual estimation methods as applied to TSVM. Estimation Method 1: Dashdot. Estimation Method 2: Dotted with x. Estimation Method 3: Continuous. Dashed: Use f = factual (Upper baseline) https://scispace.com/papers/semiactive-backstepping-control-for-vibration-attenuation-in-1w5n8us85h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-photograph-of-the-test-structure-106nwfy5.png Fig. 1. Photograph of the test structure https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-normalized-experimental-responses-wp451flc.png TABLE I NORMALIZED EXPERIMENTAL RESPONSES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-diagram-of-shear-mode-mr-damper-73nhr0ky.png Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of shear mode MR damper https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-and-simulated-mr-damper-forces-2rskia3h.png Fig. 4. Experimental and simulated MR damper forces https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-analytical-and-experimental-transfer-functions-from-3fwu3r6h.png Fig. 3. Analytical and experimental transfer functions from ground to fourth floor acceleration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-graphical-representation-of-the-clipped-optimal-9os98pzv.png Fig. 5. Graphical representation of the Clipped-Optimal control technique https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-third-floor-acceleration-response-in-presence-of-el-30cd119i.png Fig. 6. Third floor acceleration response in presence of El Centro earthquake https://scispace.com/papers/semiautomatic-generation-of-web-courses-by-means-of-an-4ni9me1cc6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-course-on-newton-s-gravitation-law-2nwsc461.png Figure 2: A course on Newton's gravitation law https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-procedure-for-course-generation-c0zezpvl.png Figure 1: Procedure for course generation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-1-bit-adder-3tyxj4ee.png Figure 4: A 1-bit adder https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-practical-course-on-ecology-u4g778s4.png Figure 3: A practical course on Ecology https://scispace.com/papers/semiclassical-approach-to-the-hydrogen-exchange-reaction-1fz8kct0fd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scattering-reaction-probability-summed-over-v-05-o-s1v-rae5m5k7.png Fig. 4 Scattering reaction probability, summed over; v/05 o S1v o2,the Ðnal vibrational quantum number v@ from 0 through 5. The initial quantum number is v\ 1. (ÈÈÈ) QM, (È È È È) HK. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-scattering-reaction-probability-for-the-v-0-v-1-3jn735ok.png Fig. 5 Scattering reaction probability for the v\ 0 ] v\ 1 transition (È È È È) and v\ 1 ] v\ 0 transition (È È) calculated semiclassically, and v\ 0 ] v\ 1 transition (ÈÈÈ) calculated quantum mechanically. Detailed balance demands that the transition amplitudes 0] 1 and 1 ] 0 should be equal ; the small discrepancy (5%) can be attributed to numerical error in the Monte Carlo sampling of initial conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scattering-reaction-probability-summed-over-v-05-o-s0v-1djtf803.png Fig. 3 Scattering reaction probability, summed over; v/05 o S0v o2,the Ðnal vibrational quantum number v@ from 0 through 5. The initial quantum number is v\ 0. (ÈÈÈ) QM, (È È È È) HK. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-transmission-coefficients-for-the-1d-eckart-barrier-e05dkopb.png Fig. 6 Transmission coefficients for the 1D Eckart barrier. Quantum-mechanical (É É É É É É É), VVG method (È ÉÈ), HK asymptotic-state sampling method (È È) and HK transition-state sampling method (ÈÈÈ). The energy of the top of the barrier is 16 a.u. Parameters of the initial and Ðnal wavepackets, in a.u., are a \ b \ 10.qa\[qb \ 6, pa\ pb \ 6.5, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-initial-wavepackets-centred-along-the-symmetric-3ix43qnv.png Fig. 7 Initial wavepackets centred along the symmetric stretch line are represented by circles (depicting the locus where the wavefunction is at 1/e of its maximum value) displayed on top of the contour lines of the PorterÈKarplus potential surface https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-of-the-peak-structure-of-the-semiclassical-1hm05gh1.png Fig. 10 Comparison of the peak structure of the semiclassical (ÈÈÈ) with the quantum mechanical (È È È È) half spectrum for the Gaussian wavepacket of Fig. 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-of-the-absolute-value-of-the-semiclassical-1xtswv42.png Fig. 9 Comparison of the absolute value of the semiclassical (ÈÈÈ) with the quantum mechanical (È È È È) auto-correlation function for a Gaussian wavepacket initially centred around (X \ 3.5, Y \ 3.5) on the symmetric stretch line of the system. TheH ] H2time t is measured in units of ka02/+. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-quantum-mechanical-eee-and-hk-e-e-e-e-reaction-aiq4e640.png Fig. 2 Quantum-mechanical (ÈÈÈ) and HK (È È È È) reaction probabilities for collinear for (a) v\ 0 ]H2(v) ] H ] H ] H2(v@)v@\ 0, (b) v\ 0 ] v@\ 1, (c) v\ 0 ] v@\ 2 https://scispace.com/papers/semiblind-iterative-data-detection-for-ofdm-systems-with-cfo-32rp780xk4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-convergence-of-the-combined-cfo-and-channel-estimates-78yjrbqu.png Fig. 1. Convergence of the combined CFO and channel estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-of-data-detection-for-0-15-ok3j4dgy.png Fig. 4. Performance of data detection for 𝑁𝑓𝑑𝑇𝑠 = 0.15. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-effect-of-doppler-shift-mismatch-0-15-1w43dd0u.png Fig. 6. The effect of Doppler shift mismatch (𝑁𝑓𝑑𝑇𝑠 = 0.15). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-nmse-of-combined-cfo-and-channel-estimation-for-0-15-2nvig8x0.png Fig. 3. NMSE of combined CFO and channel estimation for 𝑁𝑓𝑑𝑇𝑠 = 0.15. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-convergence-of-data-detection-19cq751z.png Fig. 2. Convergence of data detection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-performance-comparison-of-the-proposed-algorithm-with-2ptipu5p.png Fig. 5. Performance comparison of the proposed algorithm with [20] and [21] (𝑁𝑓𝑑𝑇𝑠 = 0.15). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-effect-of-power-delay-profile-pdp-mismatch-0-15-ctchtq4q.png Fig. 7. The effect of power delay profile (PDP) mismatch (𝑁𝑓𝑑𝑇𝑠 = 0.15). https://scispace.com/papers/semiclassical-evaluation-of-quantum-fidelity-5ar1vj1sm0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fidelity-in-the-fgr-regime-k518-l-2-21-e-5531024-1j3ufy7c.png FIG. 2. Fidelity in the FGR regime (k518, l'2.21, e 5531024, n53500). Horizontal dashed line~‘‘ergodic’’ ! is the limit of FD due to the finite size of Hilbert space. Inset: Histogra of action differences compared to a Gaussian fit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fidelity-in-the-perturbative-regime-k518-l-2-21-e-29i3beph.png FIG. 1. Fidelity in the perturbative regime (k518, l'2.21, e 51024, tH'n5350). Inset: detail for short times. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-variance-ofds-p9-2ds-p8-as-a-function-oft-for-p9-2qhv2bfq.png FIG. 4. Variance ofDS(p9)2DS(p8) as a function oft for p9 2p8510211: ~a! exponential dependence for short times,~b! linear dependence for long times. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fidelity-in-the-lyapunov-regime-k57-l-1-28-e-5531024-3re58n4d.png FIG. 3. Fidelity in the Lyapunov regime (k57, l'1.28, e 5531024, n5105). Meaning of lines same as in Fig. 2. Inse Variance ofDS(p9)2DS(p8) as a function ofp92p8 at time t 57. Dots are numerically calculated; dashed line is the horizo https://scispace.com/papers/semiclassical-treatment-of-atom-asymmetric-rotor-collisions-1uymg1symi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-cif-parameters-chosen-for-the-nadel-potential-3rzi35ft.png TABLE 1. Values cif Parameters Chosen for the Nadel Potential https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-geometry-of-formaldel-yde-see-ref-8-b-the-mwpnab6d.png Figure 1. (a) The geometry of formaldel:yde; see ref. 8. (b) The coordinate system for formaldehyde. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-a-formaldehyde-energy-levels-q7evfspo.png TABLE II. . a Formaldehyde Energy Levels https://scispace.com/papers/semiconductor-charge-transport-driven-by-a-picosecond-strain-z27lr0v17v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-i-signals-measured-using-the-40-fs-and-3b9ucqwp.png FIG. 2. Color online a I signals measured using the 40 fs and 10 ns laser excitations upper and lower lines, respectively . The insets show dependence of the normalized peak current on the excitation beam position. b Integrated signal intensity vs beam displacement for femtosecond and nanosecond excitation sources. Solid/dashed lines show the calculated position dependence of coherent/incoherent phonon momentum flux. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-experimental-arrangement-inset-typical-i-2nrmdcxo.png FIG. 1. Color online Experimental arrangement. Inset: typical I signal from a GaAs epilayer vertical device using a laser intensity of 10 mJ /cm2 at T=2 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-i-signal-measured-in-a-sl-device-using-the-40-fs-1xi4uskp.png FIG. 3. I signal measured in a SL device using the 40 fs excitation with an intensity of 8 mJ /cm2 at T=2 K. The SL I V curve is shown in the inset. https://scispace.com/papers/semidefinite-relaxations-of-ordering-problems-1qxhsagfnw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bounds-for-medium-size-lop-instances-wbcy9pwv.png Table 3: Bounds for medium size LOP instances https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-bipartite-crossing-minimization-comparison-with-8-v8r4lc9a.png Table 5: Bipartite crossing minimization: comparison with [8] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-marginal-improvement-of-various-semidefinite-3ofn280a.png Table 1: Marginal improvement of various semidefinite relaxations as compared to the linear relaxation on facets of the linear ordering polytope for n = 6 and n = 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bounds-for-large-lop-instances-3oku25yu.png Table 4: Bounds for large LOP instances https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-number-of-constraints-considered-by-the-bundle-19v9tpw6.png Table 10: Number of constraints considered by the bundle method https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-gain-of-relaxation-tightness-through-matrix-cuts-1jbuzsyw.png Table 11: Gain of relaxation tightness through matrix cuts https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-solution-values-and-times-for-new-large-srflp-2to7566l.png Table 9: Solution values and times for new large SRFLP instances with 40 departments https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-comparison-of-two-sdp-approaches-using-well-known-3qr1guv7.png Table 8: Comparison of two SDP approaches using well-known SRFLP instances https://scispace.com/papers/semilocal-convergence-analysis-of-an-iteration-of-order-five-565lt5riji 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-values-of-rk-sk-and-ek-117offpr.png Table 1: The values of rk, sk and ηk https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-error-bounds-for-1-2-7975reqo.png Table 4: Error bounds for (1.2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-error-bounds-for-1-2-ugwfof3w.png Table 2: Error bounds for (1.2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-values-of-rk-sk-and-ek-qnccj1ap.png Table 3: The values of rk, sk and ηk https://scispace.com/papers/semiflexible-magnetic-filaments-near-attractive-flat-58ovq30nhl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-normalized-adsorption-energy-g-and-its-fu92bjmu.png Fig. 4 Mean normalized adsorption energy,〈Γ〉, and its corresponding specific heat (inset figures), as a function of the inverse temperature 1/T for N = 100 and different values of the dipolar interactionµ2. (a) Flexible filaments (κ = 0); (b) Stiff magnetic chains (κ = 10). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-log-log-plot-of-the-scaling-functionuads-nph-1-vs-1jo75nve.png Fig. 6 The log-log plot of the scaling functionUads/Nφ−1 vs the scaling argument|τ|Nφ for the caseκ = 10 andµ2 = 3. The straight lines indicate the asymptotic limit. Error bars are covered by the symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12plot-of-the-phase-diagram-of-a-single-stiff-magnetic-qy4xx753.png Fig. 12Plot of the phase diagram of a single stiff magnetic filament (κ = 10) near an attractive surface for moderate values of magnetization (µ2 < 10). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-r2ee-1-2-vs-1-t-for-k-10-u2-3-and-different-values-of-3jkbvl4f.png Fig. 11〈R2ee〉 1/2 vs. 1/T for κ = 10,µ2 = 3 and different values of the filament lengthN. Inset: fluctuation of the chain end-to-end distance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10normalized-parallel-and-perpendicular-magnetization-to-23el42sr.png Fig. 10Normalized parallel and perpendicular magnetization to the surface,〈M‖〉 and〈M⊥〉 respectively, as a function of 1/T for N = 100,κ = 10 for non-zero values of the dipolar interactionµ2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bond-dipole-local-orientation-parameter-as-a-function-xuxljqjb.png Fig. 3 Bond-dipole local orientation parameter as a function of the inverse temperature for different values of the magnetization for the caseN = 100 andκ = 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-equilibrium-chain-conformations-obtained-at-low-1c66oep8.png Fig. 2 Equilibrium chain conformations obtained at low temperatures (1/T = 4.0). (a) A fully flexible filament (κ = 0) for N = 100 andµ2 = 3.0 displays a more corrugated shape in comparison with Figs. 1(c) and 1(d); (b) Effect of high magnetization values (µ2 = 10) on the chain conformation (N = 100,κ = 10). https://scispace.com/papers/semilocalized-approach-to-investigation-of-chemical-20fupgmwg3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-diagram-representing-the-energy-levels-of-fos-2m8gv6jh.png FIGURE 2. Diagram representing the energy levels of FOs corresponding to separate fragments of molecules A and B (RC, NN, and NNN are defined as in Fig. 1). (a) Both the electron-donating orbital ( )i https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scheme-reflecting-the-constitution-of-two-1t9txfns.png FIGURE 1. Scheme reflecting the constitution of two interacting molecules A and B. RC, NN, and NNN stand for the reaction center of a molecule, its nearest-neighboring fragment, and its next-nearest-neighboring fragment, respectively. Intermolecular contacts are denoted by double-headed arrows. (a) Case of a local intermolecular contact when both RC(A) and RC(B) are elementary fragments. (b) Example of a nonlocal contact when both RC(A) and RC(B) consist of two elementary fragments. https://scispace.com/papers/semtrace-semantic-requirements-tracing-using-explicit-4ndt3tthbf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-trace-links-between-requirement-issue-and-developer-2qupj2sn.png Fig. 3. Trace links between requirement, issue and developer concept. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-the-change-impact-analysis-for-requirement-6mnke3vp.png Fig. 1. Overview of the ”Change Impact Analysis for Requirement Changes” use case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-possible-setup-for-the-change-impact-analysis-for-1pwdayl7.png Fig. 2. Possible setup for the ”Change Impact Analysis for Requirement Changes” use case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-overview-about-the-soft-reference-definition-process-jqvryszv.png Fig. 4. Overview about the soft reference definition process. https://scispace.com/papers/semiparametric-estimation-for-isotropic-max-stable-space-1bc35svond 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-semiparametric-estimates-for-the-spatial-parameters-s4mfidzz.png Table 1. Semiparametric estimates for the spatial parameters θ1 and α1 and the temporal parameters θ2 and α2 of the Brown–Resnick process in (4.1) together with 95% subsampling confidence intervals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-empirical-spatial-extremogram-left-and-its-bias-r57d9tj3.png Figure 1. Empirical spatial extremogram (left) and its bias corrected version (right) for 100 simulated max-stable random fields in (4.1) with δ(v,0) = 2 · 0.4v1.5. The dashed line represents the theoretical spatial extremogram and the solid line is the mean over all 100 replicates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-rmse-and-mae-of-the-wlses-when-applied-to-exact-2qyni9qi.png Table 1. Semiparametric estimates for the spatial parameters θ1 and α1 and the temporal parameters θ2 and α2 of the Brown–Resnick process in (4.1) together with 95% subsampling confidence intervals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-1-wlses-of-th1-left-and-a1-right-for-100-simulated-azf6a6a5.png Figure 10.1: WLSEs of θ1 (left) and α1 (right) for 100 simulated Brown-Resnick space-time processes together with pointwise 95%−subsampling confidence intervals (dashed). The middle solid line is the true value and the middle dashed line represents the mean over all estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-2-wlses-of-th1-left-and-a1-right-for-100-simulated-362ol39w.png Figure 10.2: WLSEs of θ1 (left) and α1 (right) for 100 simulated Brown-Resnick space-time processes with noise together with pointwise 95%−subsampling confidence intervals (dashed). The middle solid line is the true value and the middle dashed line represents the mean over all estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-3-pairwise-likelihood-estimates-of-th1-for-100-3gx4z63s.png Figure 10.3: Pairwise likelihood estimates of θ1 for 100 simulated Brown-Resnick space-time processes together with pointwise 95%−subsampling confidence intervals (dashed) in the lefthand plot; the corresponding estimates and pointwise 95%−subsampling confidence intervals (dashed) for the simulated processes with noise are presented in the right-hand plot. The middle solid line is the true value and the middle dashed line represents the mean over all estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-permutation-test-for-extremal-independence-the-gray-2rvb1nos.png Figure 4. Permutation test for extremal independence: The gray lines show the 97.5%- and 2.5%-quantiles of the extremogram estimates for 1000 random space-time permutations for the empirical spatial (left) and the temporal (right) extremogram estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-empirical-spatial-left-and-temporal-right-2d3xatoe.png Figure 3. Empirical spatial (left) and temporal (right) extremogram based on spatial and temporal means for the space-time observations as given in (2.7) and (2.8) together with 95%-subsampling confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/papers/semiotic-practice-and-internet-freedom-discourse-gpmy221na8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-blogging-practices-2cwr1xdh.png Table 4. Blogging Practices https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-elementary-predicative-scene-of-practice-kp1fps77.png Figure 1. The Elementary Predicative Scene of Practice https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-planes-of-semiotic-experience-379wbiq0.png Table 2. The Planes of Semiotic Experience https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-five-intemet-freedoms-ly7663eo.png Table 1. Five Intemet Freedoms https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-modal-conditioning-of-intemet-use-n1zkwns8.png Table 3. Modal Conditioning of Intemet Use https://scispace.com/papers/seminal-fluid-mediates-ejaculate-competition-in-social-20jiial508 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spermathecal-fluid-eliminates-the-negative-effects-of-2vmg8okx.png Fig. 4. Spermathecal fluid eliminates the negative effects of other males’ AG secretions on sperm survival in A. colombica (mean T SEM). The inset shows a dissected spermatheca 1 hour after having been artificially inseminated with Hayes saline. The first two bars differ significantly (c2 = 15.04, df = 1, P < 0.001), as do the second and third bar (c2 = 13.59, df = 1, P < 0.001), but the bar on the right does not differ significantly from the bar toward the left (c2 = 2.38, df = 1, P = 0.123). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-own-ag-secretion-does-not-counteract-the-negative-j46vhrai.png Fig. 3. Own AG secretion does not counteract the negative effects on sperm survival (mean T SEM) of the AG secretion of other males in polyandrous ants and bees: A. mellifera, A. echinatior, and A. colombica. Overall treatment effects were significant in all three cases (see text). Specific contrasts were not significant for pure alien AG secretion versus a mixture of own and alien AG secretion (c2 = 0.00, df = 1, P = 0.964 for Apis; c2 = 0.05, df = 1, P = 0.823 for Acromyrmex; and c2 = 0.40, df = 1, P = 0.529 for Atta). However, contrasts were significant for pure own versus pure alien AG secretion (c2 = 4.86, df = 1, P = 0.028 for Apis; c2 https://scispace.com/papers/sensemaking-of-organizational-innovation-and-change-in-cydcxnynh3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coding-examples-of-organizational-members-33mpisj5.png Table 1. Coding examples of organizational members’ sensemaking activities and work role transition (28 counts) https://scispace.com/papers/sensing-based-interaction-for-information-navigation-on-36e8aevexo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-overall-task-time-by-number-of-distractors-left-and-1tnw5hvh.png Figure 5: Overall task time by number of distractors (left) and mean number of clicks per target (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-search-times-for-each-sensing-method-grouped-panq8gpp.png Figure 6: Mean search times for each sensing method grouped by navigation technique (left) and number of distractors (right). Note that the scaling of the y-axis is different for the upper and the lower panels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-change-in-performance-as-different-visualization-3rqv4cv7.png Figure 7: Change in performance as different visualization techniques are enabled for different numbers of distractors. For study 1, an interaction between the number of distractors and halo, but not zoom, is apparent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-search-path-using-halo-zoom-in-the-plane-29bkufm5.png Figure 12: A search path using halo&zoom in the plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-a-search-path-using-halo-zoom-showing-the-height-1oxzrc1y.png Figure 13: A search path using halo&zoom showing the height. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-digital-zoom-is-continuously-adjusted-new-settings-3a5glpxf.png Figure 1: Digital zoom is continuously adjusted. New settings become valid after a delay of a few frames. The unzoomed value is chosen such that the resulting distance curve is smooth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-task-time-over-progressive-trials-averaged-over-all-fgwy7akv.png Figure 8: Task time over progressive trials averaged over all sensor types and visualization techniques. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-halos-indicate-off-screen-objects-red-halos-2281xht9.png Figure 3: Halos indicate off-screen objects. Red halos indicate target candidates. https://scispace.com/papers/sensing-of-antipyretic-carboxylates-by-simple-chromogenic-3fpd2f9b6k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-spectral-changes-of-sensor1-50-um-in-dmso-2-ml-3ejjmbrc.png Figure 3. Left: Spectral changes of sensor1 (50 µM in DMSO, 2 mL) upon addition of 10µL of (A) PLAS-BSA and (B) PLAS-BSA containing acetate (4-40 mM), pH ) 7.4. Inset: Color changes of sensor1 upon addition of A and B. Right: Sensor2 in polyurethane. PLAS solutions (25 µL) of anions (10 mM), BSA (46 g/L), all at pH) 7.4, and blood plasma were applied on polyurethane films. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1h-nmr-spectra-of-sensor1-a-and-complexes1-f-b-1-3m5zjv9z.png Figure 2. 1H NMR spectra of sensor1 (a) and complexes1/F- (b), 1/AcO(c), and1/HP2O73- (d) recorded in DMSO-d6 (0.5% water). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-affinity-constantsa-for-sensors-1-2-and-3-m-1-2l296i1l.png Table 1. Affinity Constantsa for Sensors 1, 2, and 3 (M-1) Calculated for Anionic Substrates in DMSO (0.5% of water) at 22 °C7 https://scispace.com/papers/sensing-the-fabric-to-simulate-sensation-through-sensory-2qjo7l6xf9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-velvet-100-viscose-colour-bottle-green-3s5a9jsy.png FIGURE 4: Velvet (100% Viscose), Colour: Bottle Green https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-random-patterned-velvet-37-viscose-63-acetate-2san9x3i.png FIGURE 5: Random Patterned Velvet (37% Viscose, 63% Acetate), Colour: Silver grey and golden brown https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-corduroy-large-barrel-100-cotton-colour-silver-grey-25ranode.png FIGURE 3: Corduroy -Large Barrel (100% Cotton), Colour: Silver grey and cream https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-stretch-fabric-57-tactel-31-polyester-12-lycra-1o9umxis.png FIGURE 6: Stretch Fabric (57% Tactel, 31% Polyester, 12% Lycra) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-corduroy-small-barrel-100-cotton-colour-brown-m3ue0v1o.png FIGURE 2: Corduroy -Small Barrel (100% cotton), Colour: Brown https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-touch-evaluation-study-for-wingman-mouse-1qzj7xnw.png FIGURE 1: Touch Evaluation Study for Wingman Mouse https://scispace.com/papers/sensing-throughput-optimization-in-cognitive-fading-multiple-b0aukjuux8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-system-parameters-3j64le43.png Table I: System Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-throughput-vs-bmax-for-the-heuristic-policy-ft6eyqfv.png Figure 4: Average throughput vs Bmax for the heuristic policy with M = 10, 15, 20. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-throughput-vs-bmax-with-causal-and-non-1bqxk7x2.png Figure 3: Average throughput vs Bmax with causal and non-causal information patterns with M = 2, 3, 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-normalized-average-sensing-time-tavg-vs-average-1skch0tz.png Figure 2: Normalized average sensing time τavg vs Average harvested energy µH with ratio of SU Tx-FC Rx and SU Tx-PU Rx average channel gain µh/µg fixed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-model-for-cognitive-mac-3nw2p1cd.png Figure 1: System model for Cognitive MAC. https://scispace.com/papers/sensing-uncertainty-reduction-using-low-complexity-actuation-2xgxy0k4zu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-image-of-real-world-scene-showing-obstacles-20gh1lwt.png Figure 11: Image of real world scene showing obstacles consisting of trees and foliage, among which the target is to be detected. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-probability-of-mis-detection-in-laboratory-test-22d227sj.png Figure 10: Probability of Mis-detection in laboratory test-bed experiments: varying number of cameras. PoM is lower with mobility. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-coordinates-of-trees-from-wind-river-forest-39-3kx8fu11.png Figure 9: The coordinates of trees from Wind River forest [39] used to place the obstacles in laboratory test-bed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-conceptual-visualization-of-feasible-motion-3ol9v5q6.png Figure 1: (a) Conceptual visualization of feasible motion support in sensor nodes, (b) Robomote: a sensor node with a small traction mechanism [14] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mis-detection-probabilities-with-and-without-motion-261ot7ct.png Table 1: Mis-detection probabilities with and without motion for real-world experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-abstract-obstacle-model-for-analytical-calculation-t3rvgpbc.png Figure 2: Abstract obstacle model for analytical calculation of coverage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sample-obstacles-in-deployment-terrain-the-small-3o6ly0o2.png Figure 4: Sample obstacles in deployment terrain (The small line along the lower edge shows the track on which the sensor moves). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-calculating-the-advantage-due-to-mobility-for-a-tehu73yq.png Figure 3: Calculating the advantage due to mobility for a simplified obstacle model. https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-analysis-of-a-smooth-muscle-cell-3sxjm0nqs3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relevant-model-parameters-34yh30kj.png Table 1. Relevant model parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-nmii-for-intracellular-calcium-ca2-i-top-two-panels-3mnwdj87.png Fig. 3. NMII for intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i, top two panels) and membrane potential (Vm, bottom two panels) under control and reduced capacitance (Cm reduced) conditions. Symbols are described in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-prccs-for-intracellular-calcium-ca2-i-top-two-panels-1mvdgucq.png Fig 2. PRCCs for intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i, top two panels) and membrane potential (Vm, bottom two panels) each under control and reduced capacitance (Cm reduced) conditions. Symbols are described in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bifurcation-diagram-illustrating-regulation-of-ca2-i-3pikh2ze.png Fig. 1. Bifurcation diagram illustrating regulation of [Ca2+]i dynamics by extracellular potassium, [K+]o. For low concentrations of [K+]o (less than 21 mM), the SMC model generated a steady state [Ca2+]i. For larger values of [K+]o (21 mM to 78 mM), [Ca2+]i oscillations were observed. https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-analysis-of-a-bidirectional-wireless-charger-for-2iso9bjdeu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-ev-charger-specifications-design-values-of-the-3t2ngfcr.png TABLE I. EV CHARGER SPECIFICATIONS, DESIGN VALUES OF THE COMPONENTS https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-output-power-sensitivity-factors-2wg47sgh.png TABLE II. OUTPUT POWER SENSITIVITY FACTORS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ss-compensation-topology-for-an-ev-wireless-charger-olm4vqnv.png Fig. 1. SS compensation topology for an EV wireless charger https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-analysis-for-shape-perturbation-of-cavity-or-4na7mppc7e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-crack-bounded-by-two-almost-identical-surfaces-g-nr46a5ol.png Figure 2: A crack bounded by two almost identical surfaces Γ+ and Γ−. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-body-with-internal-defects-a-cavities-b-cracks-35zecw2g.png Figure 1: A body with internal defects: (a) cavities, (b) cracks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-crack-g-and-tubular-neighbourhood-d-of-g-1nmf4m36.png Figure 4: Crack Γ and tubular neighbourhood D of ∂Γ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-crack-g-with-a-neighbourhood-d-x6szlxr2.png Figure 3: A crack Γ with a neighbourhood D https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-1-sensitivity-results-for-various-cavity-1gc2uw42.png Table 1: Example 1: Sensitivity results for various cavity perturbations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-1-plate-with-a-cavity-a-geometrical-1cqdwztp.png Figure 6: Example 1 (plate with a cavity): (a) geometrical configuration and notation; (b) boundary element model (case I in Table 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-example-2-sensitivity-results-for-various-crack-1kgemfv5.png Table 2: Example 2: sensitivity results for various crack perturbations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-example-2-plate-with-a-crack-a-geometrical-357u36i1.png Figure 7: Example 2 (plate with a crack): (a) geometrical configuration and notation; (b) boundary element model (case II in Table 1). https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-analysis-of-conceptual-model-calibration-to-376wywcw8r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hysteresis-based-model-parameter-set-used-in-section-1cra8vx4.png Table 2: Hysteresis-based model. Parameter set used in Section 4, 5.2 and 5.4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-vensim-model-typical-behaviour-of-the-sensitivities-wahe4wva.png Figure 5: Vensim model. Typical behaviour of the sensitivities to the initial water level H0 contingent on the activation or de-activation of the rapid tranfer function: a) complete emptying of the reservoir H before the rst over ow, b) no emptying of the reservoir H before the rst over ow. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hysteresis-based-model-initial-conditions-used-in-12gyy9su.png Table 3: Hysteresis-based model. Initial conditions used in Section 4, 5.2 and 5.4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-13-hysteresis-based-model-discharge-sensitivity-2t3uv0q3.png Figure C.13: Hysteresis-based model. Discharge sensitivity estimates for a perturbation in the initial water level H0. Empirical estimates for: a) the computational example 1, b) the computational example 2, c) the computational example 3. The simulation parameters are speci ed in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-12-vensim-model-calculation-of-the-term-qh-h0-in-3rhfa9om.png Figure B.12: Vensim model. Calculation of the term ∂QH/∂H0. In uence of a perturbation in the inital water level H0 on the water level H and on the over ow discharge QH. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-computational-example-3-graphs-a-hysteresis-based-1smlc3kp.png Figure 9: Computational example 3. Graphs a): hysteresis-based model. Sensitivity of the simulated water levels (graph 1) and of the simulated discharge (graph 2) to H0 and L0. Graphs b): Vensim model. Sensitivity of the simulated water levels (graph 1) and of the simulated discharge (graph 2) to S0. Graphs c): Vensim model. Sensitivity of the simulated water levels (graph 1) and of the simulated discharge (graph 2) to H0. The simulation parameters are given in Tables 2 and 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-vensim-model-typical-behaviour-of-the-sensitivities-g9flcs0v.png Figure 4: Vensim model. Typical behaviour of the sensitivities to H0 and S0 contingent on the reservoir H over ow and on the activation of the switch in the distribution coe cient. The reservoir H over ows for the rst time at time tH . The threshold Ssill is activated at time t1 and desactivated at time t2. Graph a): water level in the reservoirs S (dark line) and H (bold, grey line), Graphs b): sensitivity of R (graph b1), S (graph b2) and Q (graph b3) to the initial condition S0, Graphs c): sensitivity of R (graph c1), S (graph c2) and Q (graph c3) to the initial condition H0. Note that the value of QH0 by the time of the rst over ow is independent from the magnitude of the rainfall event that triggers the over ow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-computational-example-2-graphs-a-hysteresis-based-2r8prjl0.png Figure 8: Computational example 2. Graphs a): hysteresis-based model. Sensitivity of the simulated water levels (graph 1) and of the simulated discharge (graph 2) to H0 and L0. Graphs b): Vensim model. Sensitivity of the simulated water levels (graph 1) and of the simulated discharge (graph 2) to S0. Graphs c): Vensim model. Sensitivity of the simulated water levels (graph 1) and of the simulated discharge (graph 2) to H0. The simulation parameters are given in Tables 2 and 4. https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-analysis-of-proposed-natural-ventilation-ieq-2jns4ohdmm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-predicted-effect-of-opening-design-and-exhaust-ssn4uukc.png Figure 16 - Predicted effect of opening design and exhaust method on ventilation performance. LF =Lower floors. TF = Top floor. Dashed lines show design parameter averages (Blue O1, Red O2, Green O3, Purple O4). In Figure 16a, black line shows the overheating threshold (4.00K). In Figure 16b, black line shows the target ACH (2.2 ACH). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-digital-representation-of-the-two-cfd-models-full-hap5x93o.png Figure 4 - Digital representation of the two CFD models. Full-Scale (grey) and WBM (blue) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cfd-geometry-of-the-base-case-with-top-floor-3smk4fgo.png Figure 3 - CFD geometry of the base case with top floor indicated in purple. Blue arrows indicate openings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-comparative-analysis-of-the-predicted-ventilation-954hpeze.png Figure 17 - Comparative analysis of the predicted ventilation performance of exhaust methods. LF = Lower floors. TF = Top floor. Dashed lines show design parameter averages (Blue O1, Red O2, Green O3, Purple O4) In Figure 17a, black line shows the overheating threshold (4.00K). In Figure 17b, black line shows the target ACH (2.2 ACH). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-wbm-experiments-and-cfd-simulations-demonstrating-12mq9zva.png Figure 9 - WBM experiments and CFD simulations demonstrating predicted thermal distributions for the base case and several proposed cases, also highlighting the interface heights and flow characteristics. Dashed lines represent interface heights. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-interface-height-predictions-between-3ak8mzzu.png Table 2 - Comparison of interface height predictions between CFD and WBM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-the-main-findings-2zflrh1h.png Table 3 - Summary of the main findings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-loughborough-university-s-laboratory-wbm-and-film-3m8c99r7.png Figure 8 - Loughborough University's laboratory, WBM and Film set-up, WBM and Film set-up. Shown is the location of the mixing tank, header tank and overflow pipe connected to the four-way splitter. https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-analysis-of-the-elasto-geometrical-model-of-1lgdr7it03 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-ith-closed-loop-of-a-cdpr-2558iplb.png Fig. 2: The ith closed-loop of a CDPR https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-uncertainties-and-steps-used-to-design-the-error-1wds882j.png Table 4: Uncertainties and steps used to design the error model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-distribution-of-the-rms-of-the-mp-static-deflection-32v1bcip.png Fig. 5: (a) Distribution of the RMS of the MP static deflection (b) Effect of uncertainties in ai (c) Effect of uncertainties in bi https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-load-elongation-diagram-of-a-steel-wire-cable-measured-nzkoy415.png Fig. 3: Load-elongation diagram of a steel wire cable measured in steady state conditions at the rate of 0.05 mm/s https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-distribution-of-the-rms-of-the-mp-static-deflection-wna4eq5w.png Fig. 4: (a) Distribution of the RMS of the MP static deflection (b) Evolution of the RMS under a simultaneous variations of E and ρ (c) Evolution of the RMS under a simultaneous variations of m and ρ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-caroca-prototype-a-reconfigurable-cdpr-courtesy-of-irt-2oe7y9iy.png Fig. 1: CAROCA prototype: a reconfigurable CDPR (Courtesy of IRT Jules Verne, Nantes) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-modulus-of-elasticity-while-loading-or-unloading-1ww6j322.png Table 2: Modulus of elasticity while loading or unloading phase https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cartesian-coordinates-of-anchor-points-ai-exit-25l18gif.png Table 1: Cartesian coordinates of anchor points Ai (exit points Bi, resp.) expressed in Fp (in Fb, resp.) https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-and-asymptotic-analysis-of-inter-cell-17wujyqltt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-system-model-studied-in-this-paper-the-tier-2-bs-10373qcn.png Fig. 1. The system model studied in this paper. The tier-2 BS serves K users in its downlink, while the tier-1 BSs charge the tier-2 BS for the interference caused by the latter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-1kxzv44u.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-e-ifq-against-c1-where-q-3-m1-m2-m3-300-n-100-and-k-3-2kxgsltz.png Fig. 4. E[IFq ] against c1, where Q = 3, M1 = M2 = M3 = 300, N = 100, and K = 3. The dashed lines are results from simulation, the solid lines are results from (30), and the dash-dotted line is the lower bound of E[IF1] from (31). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-e-if1-for-different-ratios-between-mq-and-n-where-q-3-22thrg1t.png Fig. 5. E[IF1] for different ratios between Mq and N , where Q = 3, M1 = M2 = M3, and K = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-e-ifq-against-k-where-q-3-m1-m2-m3-300-and-n-100-36h5r9o0.png Fig. 6. E[IFq ] against K , where Q = 3, M1 = M2 = M3 = 300, and N = 100. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-eth-versus-m-where-n-100-and-0-01-214rw07i.png Fig. 7. ηth versus M, where N = 100 and = 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tx-c-and-ifq-c-when-q-2-n-4-m1-m2-3-and-k-3-2qtw8mf9.png Fig. 3. Tx(c) and IFq (c) when Q = 2, N = 4, M1 = M2 = 3, and K = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-randomly-generated-network-topology-for-n-5-k-3-and-38k03sxd.png Fig. 2. A randomly generated network topology for N = 5, K = 3, and M = 1. https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-analysis-of-programmed-cell-death-and-1a7wfqprtj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-scheme-implementation-ofd-the-repetition-and-oi0oper5.png Figure 4. A SCHEME implementation ofD, the repetition and tower methods forDi, and the repetition and tower methods forD(i1,...,in). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overloading-some-scheme-procedures-that-operate-on-1w1rvkw5.png Figure 3. Overloading some SCHEME procedures that operate on reals with extensions that support multivariate power series. Note that the overloaded+, -, *, /, andatan procedures are restricted to accept precisely two arguments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-mechanism-for-extending-scheme-procedures-of-d5csnp87.png Figure 2. A mechanism for extending SCHEME procedures of typeR → R, R×R → R, andRn → boolean to support multivariate power series. Note that the+ in (30) and the× in (31–33) must be the lifted variant that works on power-series arguments. Furthermore,f ′ in (31), f1 in (32), andf2 in (33) must internally use the lifted variants of operations that work on power-series arguments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-scheme-implementation-of-an-api-for-manipulating-35giqqof.png Figure 1. A SCHEME implementation of an API for manipulating multivariate power series represnt d as lazy linear terms. Note that to support nested invocation ofD, the× in (6) must be the lifted variant that works on power-series arguments.Note that generatedεs never escape any equations in which they are generated, i.e., (2, 7, 12, 31–34). Thus one can improve upon the above implementation by allocating and reclaimingεs in a LIFO fashion. https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-and-environmental-response-of-the-cms-rpc-gas-18moz8vdsk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-streamer-and-avalanche-yields-as-a-function-of-2ixin5m4.png Figure 5: Streamer and avalanche yields as a function of HVeff. Each point corresponds to 10000 collected triggers. The solid line has a slope of approximately 130 events/10 V corresponding to a sensitivity of 1.3%/10V. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-average-charge-and-pressure-corrected-charge-ipb52sc7.png Figure 6: Average charge and pressure-corrected charge https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-average-charge-of-two-chambers-at-different-2lhkwm41.png Figure 7: Average charge of two chambers at different voltages as influenced by pressure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-avarege-avalanche-charge-of-the-eight-monitor-3ettgt1b.png Figure 4: Avarege avalanche charge of the eight monitor chamber signal as a function of HVeff. The slope is about 25 ADC ch/10 or 1.2pC/10V. Each point corresponds to 10000 triggers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-efficiency-plot-full-dots-of-ggm-chambers-as-a-3qs2u0uf.png Figure 3: Efficiency plot (full dots) of GGM chambers as a function of HVeff. The efficiency is defined as the ratio between the number of ADC entries above 3 ped and the number of acquired triggers. Open dot plots correspond to the s reamer fraction of the chamber signal as a function of HVeff. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-electric-scheme-of-the-read-out-circuit-wiexgxsn.png Figure 1: The electric scheme of the read-out circuit providing the algebraic sum of the two pad signal (PAD + and PAD -). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-typical-adc-charge-distributions-of-one-ggm-chamber-16s9wzff.png Figure 2: Typical ADC charge distributions of one GGM chamber at two operating voltages. Distribution (a) correspond to HVeff = 9.9kV while distribution (b) to HVeff=10.7kV. In (b) is clearly visible the streamer peak around 1900 ADC channels. The events on the left of the vertical line (1450 ADC channelsin this case) are assumed to be pure avalanche events. https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-kernels-for-body-tides-on-laterally-4nut7r724x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spheroidal-modes-included-in-all-tidal-calculations-2vvsvs8k.png Table 1. Spheroidal modes included in all tidal calculations listed in increasing eigenfrequency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sensitivity-kernels-of-the-vertical-displacement-of-1z4cw004.png Figure 2. Sensitivity kernels of the vertical displacement of the body tide located at the green triangle to perturbations in density, ρ (panels a-c), the shear modulus, µ (panels d-f), the bulk modulus, κ (panels g-i), topography along the CMB, CMB (panels j-i). For ρ, µ, and κ, the first (panels a,d,g) and second (panels b,e,h) columns are kernels at a radii of 3500 km and 6000 km, respectively, computed using the 1D background model PREM (Dziewonski & Anderson 1981). The third column (panels c,f,i) displays the percent difference in these kernels at r = 3500 km when calculated with the 3D model S40RTS (Ritsema et al. 2011). For hCMB, panels j and k are the kernels, computed assuming PREM, for two different measurement locations and panel l is the percent difference between the kernel shown in panel k and the same but calculated assuming S40RTS. All kernels are normalized for each model parameter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-depth-dependent-kernels-for-perturbations-of-degree-2m5zz2ae.png Figure 1. Depth dependent kernels for perturbations of degree s in density (a), shear (b), and bulk moduli (c), assuming a background model PREM (Dziewonski & Anderson 1981) and coupling modes listed in Table 1, where αsM = ∑t=+s https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-enhancement-and-heteronuclear-distance-44xw6lknr6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-molecular-structure-of17oe-l-tyrosine-hcl-we-use-wfk96u11.png Figure 3. (a) Molecular structure of17Oη-L-tyrosine‚HCl. We use the nomenclature recommended by the IUPAC.90 (b) Solid line: Experimental single-pulse17O spectrum of [35-40% 17Oη]-L-tyrosine‚HCl obtained at a static field of 14.1 T and a spinning frequency of 25 kHz. Dashed line: Best fit simulated second-order quadrupolar line shape. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-experimental-rdfs-results-on17oe-l-tyrosine-hcl-for-2t57pjdd.png Figure 4. Experimental rDFS results on17Oη-L-tyrosine‚HCl. For (a) and (b) 1968 transients were recorded at a static field of 14.1 T and a spinning frequency of 25 kHz. For (c) and (d) 128 transients were recorded at a static field of 18.8 T and a spinning frequency of 50 kHz. (a) and (c) show the 10 individual17O FIDs acquired with the pulse sequence shown in Figure 1a. (b) and (d): Symbols: enhancement in the spectralS/N ratio for the individual FIDs during the rDFS sequence. Dashed lines: enhancement in the spectralS/N ratio if the sum of the individual FIDs is calculated. Solid lines: enhancement in the spectralS/N ratio for the weighted sum of the individual FIDs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-symbols-normalized-experimental-integrals-of-3sdfeakj.png Figure 8. Symbols: Normalized experimental integrals of the17Oη spectral peak for different heteronuclear recoupling pulse sequences as a function of the recoupling intervalτ. The data were acquired for 17Oη-L-tyrosine‚HCl in an external field of 18.1 T and at a spinning frequency of 50 kHz. The following recoupling sequences were used: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-simulated17o-spin-echo-signal-amplitudes-in-the-1qgx8b4y.png Figure 7. Simulated17O spin-echo signal amplitudes in the presence of different heteronuclear recoupling pulse sequences of durationτ in 17Oη-L-tyrosine‚HCl for an external field of 18.1 T and spinning frequency of 50 kHz. (a and c) A two spin system consisting of17Oη and1Hη. A heteronuclear dipolar coupling constant ofbIS/2π ) 14500 Hz was used. (b and d) A two spin system consisting of17Oη and1H′′. The heteronuclear dipolar coupling constant wasbIS/2π ) 3909 Hz. (a and b) Dotted lines: numerically exact simulations for the sequence (R328 15R328 -15)21 considering all relevant spin interactions. Dashed lines: numerical simulations for the sequence (R328 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-radio-frequency-pulse-sequence-for-the-repetitive-28q9b59n.png Figure 1. (a) Radio frequency pulse sequence for the repetitive DFS experiment on the half-integer spin speciesS. The subscript “central” denotes a central transition selective pulse with the given rotation angle and phase (i.e.,ω1 , ωQ). (b) Sequence for determining heteronuclear dipolar couplings between the spin-1/2 speciesI and the half-integer spin speciesS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-experimental-result-for-the-17oe-isotropic-ghpcwv7w.png TABLE 1: (a) Experimental Result for the 17Oη Isotropic Chemical Shift and the Quadrupolar Coupling Constant and Asymmetry Parameter, (b) Results of DFT Calculations for the17Oη Quadrupolar Coupling Tensor, and (c) Results of DFT Calculations for Different Chemical Shift Tensorsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-experimental17o-spectra-of17oe-l-tyrosine-hcl-a-c-6f9ts5sz.png Figure 5. Experimental17O spectra of17Oη-L-tyrosine‚HCl. (a-c) 1968 transients, external field of 14.1 T, and 25 kHz spinning frequency. (d-f) 128 transients, external field of 18.8 T, and 50 kHz spinning frequency. (a and d) Spectra obtained with a selective 90° pulse on the central transition equilibrium magnetization. (b and e) Spectra obtained after a applying a single DFS prior to the 90° selective pulse. (c and f) Spectra obtained by a weighted sum of the individual FIDs acquired during the rDFS sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-energy-level-diagram-for-a-spin-5-2-bffwjuok.png Figure 2. Schematic energy level diagram for a spin-5/2 nucleus (γ < 0). The pictorial representation of populations and coherences89 is hown for a repeated scheme consisting of satellite transition population inversion followed by conversion to detectable central transition single-quantum coherence. The enhancement of the central transition population difference by factors of 5, 3, and 1 is indicated. https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-enhancement-of-a-flexible-mems-strain-sensor-by-yqx6przhze 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-transfer-characteristic-of-the-ofet-black-curve-and-11vp9hh6.png FIG. 2. a) Transfer characteristic of the OFET (black curve) and relative change of IDS as a function of VGS for a strain of = 0.3% (red curve); inset: output characteristic of the OFET between initial position and under 0.3% of applied strain at different VGS ranging from - 1.5V to -10V by steps of -0.75V, b) Amplification of the sensitivity of the piezoresistive MEMS using an OFET https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-relative-change-of-resistance-of-the-piezoresistive-sf4gclor.png FIG. 1.a) Relative change of resistance of the piezoresistive MEMS cantilever as a function of applied strain; inset: schematic of the MEMS strain sensor deformed by tensile strain using a micro-probe, b) Experimental set-up, and c) schematic of the structure of the DNTT-based p-channel OFET device with Al2O3/PVT as dielectric layer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-real-time-responses-of-ids-as-a-function-of-time-under-3ezboa3p.png FIG. 3. Real time responses of IDS as a function of time under applied strain by a) steps of 900 and 1800 ppm for blue and red arrows respectively and b) at constant speed (trapezoidal shape) https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-of-aerosol-optical-properties-to-the-aerosol-3grlex9ew9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-aod-at-550-nm-and-differences-for-the-sensitivity-33rxylh1.png Figure 2. AOD at 550 nm and differences for the sensitivity tests modifying the parameters by 50 %. (a) Base case; (b) Aitken-mode 50 % reduction in SG; (c) accumulation-mode 50 % reduction in SG; (d) coarse-mode 50 % reduction in SG; (e) Aitken-mode 50 % increase in SG; (f) accumulation-mode 50 % increase in SG; (g) coarse-mode 50 % increase in SG; (h) Aitken-mode 50 % reduction in DG; (i) accumulationmode 50 % reduction in DG; (j) coarse-mode 50 % reduction in DG; (k) Aitken-mode 50 % increase in DG; (l) accumulation-mode 50 % increase in DG; (m) coarse-mode 50 % increase in DG. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dg-and-sg-values-in-our-experiments-dg-um-3p23l0ts.png Table 2. DG and SG values in our experiments (DG: µm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-total-number-concentration-of-particles-at-1000-hpa-2jv1kgfu.png Figure 5. Total number concentration of particles at 1000 hPa in the Aitken, accumulation (left), and coarse (right) modes for the base case and relative differences for sensitivity test simulations at 50 %. Accumulation mode: (a) base case; (b) Aitken-mode 50 % reduction in SG; (c) accumulation-mode 50 % reduction in SG; (d) coarse-mode 50 % reduction in SG; (e) Aitken-mode 50 % increase in SG; (f) accumulationmode 50 % increase in SG; (g) coarse-mode 50 % increase in SG; (h) Aitken-mode 50 % reduction in DG; (i) accumulation-mode 50 % reduction in DG; (j) coarse-mode 50 % reduction in DG; (k) Aitken-mode 50 % increase in DG; (l) accumulation-mode 50 % increase in DG; (m) coarse-mode 50 % increase in DG. (n–z) The same for the coarse mode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-target-d3-and-nested-domains-d1-and-d2-adapted-from-2quaa0n0.png Figure 1. Target (D3) and nested domains (D1 and D2). Adapted from Palacios-Peña et al. (2019b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-published-observed-lognormal-size-pwatg7nf.png Table 3. Summary of published observed lognormal size distribution parameters. ND=No data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pdf-of-aod-values-for-the-base-case-black-line-and-3d99ngky.png Figure 3. PDF of AOD values for the base case (black line) and each of the sensitivity test simulations at 50 % (dashed red line). Values in figures represent the results of the statistics from the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. (a) Aitken-mode 50 % reduction in SG; (b) accumulationmode 50 % reduction in SG; (c) coarse-mode 50 % reduction in SG; (d) Aitken-mode 50 % increase in SG; (e) accumulation-mode 50 % increase in SG; (f) coarse-mode 50 % increase in SG; (g) Aitken-mode 50 % reduction in DG; (h) accumulation-mode 50 % reduction in DG; (i) coarse-mode 50 % reduction in DG; (j) Aitken-mode 50 % increase in DG; (k) accumulation-mode 50 % increase in DG; (l) coarse-mode 50 % increase in DG. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-same-as-fig-5-but-for-total-mass-concentration-1croa3b6.png Figure 6. Same as Fig. 5 but for total mass concentration. Accumulation mode: (a) base case; (b) Aitken-mode 50 % reduction in SG; (c) accumulation-mode 50 % reduction in SG; (d) coarse-mode 50 % reduction in SG; (e) Aitken-mode 50 % increase in SG; (f) accumulationmode 50 % increase in SG; (g) coarse-mode 50 % increase in SG; (h) Aitken-mode 50 % reduction in DG; (i) accumulation-mode 50 % reduction in DG; (j) coarse-mode 50 % reduction in DG; (k) Aitken-mode 50 % increase in DG; (l) accumulation-mode 50 % increase in DG; (m) coarse-mode 50 % increase in DG. (n–z) The same for the coarse mode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pm-ratio-at-1000-hpa-for-the-base-case-and-32gt166e.png Figure 4. PM ratio at 1000 hPa for the base case and differences for sensitivity simulations at 50 %. (a) Base case; (b) Aitken-mode 50 % reduction in SG; (c) accumulation-mode 50 % reduction in SG; (d) coarse-mode 50 % reduction in SG; (e) Aitken-mode 50 % increase in SG; (f) accumulation-mode 50% increase in SG; (g) coarse-mode 50 % increase in SG; (h) Aitken-mode 50 % reduction in DG; (i) accumulationmode 50% reduction in DG; (j) coarse-mode 50 % reduction in DG; (k) Aitken-mode 50 % increase in DG; (l) accumulation-mode 50 % increase in DG; (m) coarse-mode 50 % increase in DG. https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-of-antarctic-circumpolar-current-transport-and-2uw0ku37is 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-log10-of-magnitude-of-velocity-m-s-21-averaged-over-1y8y3wt2.png FIG. 2. Log10 of magnitude of velocity (m s 21) averaged over the top 100m for a monthly mean of ORCA025. The ACC envelope is approximated by two SSH contours (21.02 and 20.16m) (solid lines). The southern contour is used to distinguish between the transport of the ACC to the north and the southern mode to the south. The circumpolar f/H contour 24 3 1028 s21 m21 close to Antarctica is indicated by the dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-time-evolution-of-the-climate-indices-sam-solid-line-265hhu13.png FIG. 6. (a) Time evolution of the climate indices SAM (solid line) and ENSO (dashed lines), (b) anomalies of the wind stress projected along the f/H contour equal to 24 3 1028 s21m21, (c) transport atDrakePassage (708W)and south ofNewZealand (1688E), and (d)EKEanomalies in the ACC envelope. The four main wind-strengthening events (positive SAM events) are highlighted with vertical lines. The EKE time series have been normalized (divided by the standard deviation of each time series). For easier comparison, the transport time series have been translated so that the mean transports at Drake Passage are all equal to the mean transport of BRAN. Results are shown for ORCA025 (black), OFAM2 (dashed blue), BRAN (blue), and OFAM3 (red). The respective Drake Passage transports are 114, 121, 139, and 152 Sv. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-monthly-thin-lines-and-annual-thick-lines-zonal-wind-3f2m7wul.png FIG. 3. (a) Monthly (thin lines) and annual (thick lines) zonal wind stresses, (b) transports south of New Zealand, and (c) EKE in NY-REF, NY-WIND, and NY-ANT (black, red and blue lines, respectively). Annual (d) EKE and (e) APE anomalies relative to NY-REF. The vertical line in (d) and (e) show the standard deviation of monthly EKE and APE in NY-REF. Wind stresses, EKE, and APE are averaged inside the ACC envelope identified using SSH contours (Fig. 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-transport-contributions-sv-in-orca025-south-of-new-zk3q9hyr.png FIG. 5. Transport contributions (Sv) in ORCA025 south of New Zealand: (a) southern mode transports (south of 61.58S), (b) main ACC jets transport (north of 61.58S), and (c) barotropic and (d) baroclinic anomalies of the mainACC jets transport south of NewZealand. Barotropic contribution is calculated as the averaged velocity in the lower ocean layer multiplied by the ocean depth, and baroclinic contribution is calculated as the difference between total transport and barotropic transport. In (c) and (d), the three curves correspond to different choices of boundary between upper and lower ocean layers: 989, 1470, and 2054m. The four main windstrengthening events (positive SAM events) are highlighted with vertical lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-contributions-of-the-first-three-eofs-to-the-wind-1eecqigs.png FIG. 9. Contributions of the first three EOFs to the wind stress in the Southern Ocean: (a) zonal wind stress anomalies (Nm22) over the ACC envelope and (b) wind stress anomalies (Nm22) along f/H contour equal to243 1028 s21 m21 nearAntarctica generated by linear combinations of SAMand ENSOpatterns. The values on the x and y axis correspond to the multiplication coefficients applied to the EOFs that result from one standard deviation increase in the indices. The black crosses and associated year show the four observed SAM/ENSO combinations during our studied period. Red color means stronger wind stress and blue indicates weaker. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-attributes-of-the-ocean-simulations-the-2zw2wtsh.png TABLE 1. Summary of attributes of the ocean simulations. The ORCA025 simulations are based on NEMO and OFAM simulations are based on MOM. BRAN uses data assimilation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-orca025-wind-stresses-regression-of-wind-anomalies-on-sndisnor.png FIG. 8. ORCA025 wind stresses: regression of wind anomalies on the (a) SAM index and (b) ENSO index (anomalies resulting from one standard deviation increase in the indices), anomalies of wind stress during (c) 1993 and (d) 1999 wind-strengthening events, and reconstructed wind stress anomalies in (e) 1993 and (f) 1999 using the first three EOFs of the zonal wind stress. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-monthly-thin-lines-and-annual-thick-lines-transport-3idit30r.png FIG. 4. Monthly (thin lines) and annual (thick lines) transport contributions (Sv) south of New Zealand: (a) southern mode transport (south of 61.58S), (b) main ACC jets transport (north of 61.58S), and (c) barotropic and (d) baroclinic contributions to the main ACC jets transport. Transports are presented for NY-REF, NY-WIND, and NY-ANT experiments (black, red, and blue lines, respectively). https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-of-cryosat-2-arctic-sea-ice-volume-trends-on-33hrp2b93a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-flowchart-of-the-cryosat-2-uncertainty-budget-for-3ovce13n.png Figure 4.Flowchart of the CryoSat-2 uncertainty budget for freeboard and thickness, showing the typical range for the individual uncertainty of each parameter and referring to a single CryoSat-2 measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-range-differences-between-different-tfmra-3nhsmtqq.png Figure 11.Range differences between different TFMRA (threshold first-maximum retracker algorithm) retracker thresholds for March (upper row) and November (lower row) 2013.(a) TFMRA40– TFMRA50, (b) TFMRA40–TFMRA80. The black polygon defines the averaged MYI zone, retrieved from the OSI SAF ice-type product. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-cryosat-2-arctic-sea-ice-thickness-from-march-7usdxlkg.png Figure 12. (a)CryoSat-2 Arctic sea-ice thickness from March and November 2013, applying the 50 % threshold.(b) Random thickness uncertainties corresponding to(a). The black polygon defines the averaged MYI zone, retrieved from the OSI SAF ice-type product. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-random-freeboard-uncertainties-corresponding-to-154f6vb9.png Figure 10. Random freeboard uncertainties corresponding to Fig.9: (a) TFMRA40, (b) TFMRA50 and(c) TFMRA80. The uncertainties result from Gaussian propagation of uncertainty (Fig.4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-radar-freeboard-from-different-tfmra-threshold-3seu2cl2.png Figure 9. Radar freeboard from different TFMRA (threshold first-maximum retracker algorithm) retracker thresholds for March (upper row) and November (lower row) 2013:(a) 40 %,(b) 50 % and(c) 80 % threshold. The black polygon defines the averaged MYI zone, retrieved from the OSI SAF ice-type product. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-parameters-regarding-the-2uf6g4lx.png Figure 1. Schematic diagram of parameters regarding the CryoSat2 freeboard and thickness processing. The actual sea-surface height is composed of the mean sea-surface height (MSS) and the seasurface anomaly (SSA). The radar freeboard is obtained by subtracting the actual sea surface from the range retrieval over sea ice. In contrast to a laser altimeter (e.g. IceSat), the radar altimeter of CryoSat-2 can penetrate the snow cover, depending on the snow properties. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flowchart-of-the-cryosat-2-data-processing-198n2poy.png Figure 2. Flowchart of the CryoSat-2 data processing algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-cryosat-2-mean-radar-freeboard-of-april-2011-2mprj4oh.png Figure 6. (a) CryoSat-2 mean radar freeboard of April 2011, retrieved by applying the TFMRA40 retracker. It shows the area of coincident validation flights in April 2011 (black box; see Fig.7) (b) METOP ASCAT mean backscatter for April 2011. The red dashed box marks a common feature of(a) and(b). https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-of-basinwide-meridional-overturning-to-diapycnal-3cero9dcpw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-overturning-as-a-function-of-resolution-3q0mldla.png Table 6: Overturning as a Function of Resolution https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimate-and-actual-equatorial-heat-transport-bsix7558.png Table 4: Estimate and Actual Equatorial Heat Transport Anomaly https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-low-resolution-and-high-resolution-3hqpwmcb.png Table 5: Comparison of Low Resolution and High Resolution Overturning https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-scaling-for-numerical-experiments-1dxrwsvp.png Table 1: Scaling for Numerical Experiments https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-numerical-experiments-overturning-strength-1eejxw8m.png Table 2: Numerical Experiments, Overturning Strength https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-scaled-overturning-from-numerical-experiments-3gqjdvq1.png Table 3: Scaled Overturning From Numerical Experiments https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-of-les-based-harmonic-flame-response-model-for-33l1grnd7o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-3d-view-to-the-360-acoustic-domain-with-n-1-4-18-2wrwpcy8.png Fig. 4. 3D view to the 360 acoustic domain with N ¼ 18 burners and zoom on the ith flame zone. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-averaged-streamlines-visualized-by-line-integral-1vzf79pf.png Fig. 5. Averaged streamlines visualized by Line Integral Convolution (LIC) [37] on the XY-plane for the CH4ADIA-30 (Dh ¼ 30 , left) and REF (Dh ¼ 20 , right) non-pulsed cases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-xy-cuts-of-the-mean-heat-release-with-iso-contours-of-20jk3hci.png Fig. 6. XY-cuts of the mean heat release with iso-contours of mean axial velocity for the REF case (left), CH4-HL-20 case (middle) and C2H4-ADIA-20 case (right). Zoom on heat release fields for each flame is provided to highlight the flame anchoring point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-heat-release-fields-and-iso-contours-20-mm-downstream-298zk70h.png Fig. 7. Heat release fields and iso-contours 20 mm downstream of the bluff-body (LES, top) and integrated OH (experiment [4], bottom) for the C2H4-ADIA-30 case (left) and the C2H4-ADIA-20 case (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-xz-cuts-of-the-phase-averaging-of-the-heat-release-in-1pyux8f9.png Fig. 11. XZ-cuts of the phase averaging of the heat release in the C2H4-ADIA-20 case (top) and C2H4-ADIA-30 case (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-computation-domain-left-and-visualization-domain-right-2kpi95dy.png Fig. 8. Computation domain (left) and visualization domain (right) used to study flame-flame interactions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-xz-cuts-of-the-phase-averaged-heat-release-same-color-o0jbfj96.png Fig. 10. XZ-cuts of the phase averaged heat release (same color levels as in Fig. 9) for the CH4-HL-20 case (top) complemented by a zoom on the flame base oscillation (bottom). : Minimum/maximum position of the inner and outer flame base. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-xz-cuts-of-phase-averaged-heat-release-in-two-2tintxad.png Fig. 9. XZ-cuts of phase averaged heat release in two consecutive mid injector planes: REF case (Dh ¼ 20 , top) and CH4-ADIA-30 case (Dh ¼ 30 , bottom). https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-of-idealised-baroclinic-waves-to-mean-4hou9omf5s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-as-fig-4-but-for-experiment-up-1t7u3kxj.png Fig. 8 As Fig. 4, but for Experiment UP https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notation-in-the-energy-metrics-1o9ukznt.png Table 1 Notation in the energy metrics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-500-900-hpa-mean-o-colours-only-negative-values-shown-364k3m6h.png Fig. 6 500-900 hPa mean ω (colours, only negative values shown), 500-900 hPa mean T * (red contours for 5, 9 and 13 K values) and 700- 900 hPa Ertel PV (black contours for 1 and 2 PVU) for MOIST-CTRL (left) and MOIST-UNI6 (right) on day 5, 6 and 7. The cross marks the location of the surface low https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-t-v-contours-and-its-difference-to-the-control-run-1851zy0a.png Fig. 10 T ∗v∗ (contours) and its difference to the control run (colours) at the 600 hPa level in DRY-UP6, at a) day 5, b) day 6, c) day 7 and d) day 8. Zonal means of the T ∗v∗ differences are shown next to each map with blue line. In the maps, solid lines depict positive T ∗v∗ values (contours for 50, 200 and 400 Kms−1) while negative values are shown with dashed lines (-50 Kms−1 contour). The cross marks the location of the surface low. When calculating the difference between DRY-UP6 and DRY-CTRL, the T ∗v∗ fields have been shifted so that the surface lows from both runs are aligned in x-direction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-surface-pressure-contours-and-850-hpa-temperature-1kvjm5we.png Fig. 2 Surface pressure (contours) and 850 hPa temperature (colors) in a) DRY-CTRL and b) MOIST-CTRL at t = 5 days https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-evolution-of-a-available-potential-energy-of-the-3j2ebrde.png Fig. 4 Time evolution of a) available potential energy of the zonal mean flow (AZ), b) available potential energy of the eddy (AE ), c) kinetic energy of the eddy (KE ), d) energy conversion from AZ to AE , e) energy conversion from AE to KE and f) eddy kinetic energy dissipation. In all of the panels, blue dashed line is DRY-CTRL and red dashed line is DRY-UNI6. The solid lines are the same, but for moist simulations. Unit for the energy terms (a–c) is Jm−2 and that for the conversion terms (d–f) Wm−2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-evolution-of-the-minimum-surface-pressure-in-3v5eis81.png Fig. 5 Time evolution of the minimum surface pressure in MOISTCTRL (black solid line) and MOIST-UNI6 (black dashed line), and vertically averaged diabatic heating in MOIST-CTRL (blue line) and MOIST-UNI6 (red line) from an area of 350 km x 350 km centered at the surface pressure minimum. The time series of diabatic heating are smoothed by 2-hour moving average https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-effect-of-different-factors-on-energy-conversion-8k7gl6lf.png Fig. 9 The effect of different factors on energy conversion from AZ to AE . In the calculation of the conversion term in Eq. 10 (red line), only the named factors have been taken from DRY-UP6: a) standard deviations of temperature and meridional wind speed, b) meridional temperature gradient, and c) correlation between temperature and meridional wind speed. The other factors are from DRY-CTRL. For full explanation of the method, see Sec. 3.3. Finally, in d), the anomalies of a), b) and c) relative to the control run (blue line) are shown https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-of-predicted-muscle-forces-during-gait-to-1tbcys4rdb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-outline-of-the-overall-workflow-a-experimental-gait-2z3eqz1p.png Figure 1 Outline of the overall workflow: (A) Experimental gait analysis data collection (B) Generation of the nominal dataset using a scaled-generic musculoskeletal model: inverse kinematics (Kalman smoothing), residual reduction algorithm and static optimization are used to obtain a set of muscle forces underlying the measured motion. This set of muscle forces is referred to as the nominal data set (solid line). (C) Documenting anatomical variability based on subject-specific MRI-based musculoskeletal models (MSMs): For each MSM, the 3D location of each musculotendon (MT-) point was expressed in each dimension relative to the dimensions of the bounding box of the segmental bone geometry. Given the six MRI-based MSMs and assuming symmetry between both limbs, 12 relative locations (i.e., the position of the MT-point with respect to the bone dimensions) were defined for each individual MT-point. All together, the minimal and maximal relative values per dimension defined the anatomical variability for that specific MT-point. This dimensional range was then transformed to the corresponding segment of the scaled generic model. (D) Sensitivity analysis: a uniform Latin Hypercube Sampling method generated a library of MT-models containing MT-point locations within the documented anatomical variability. For each MT-model, the static optimization problem was resolved, resulting in a new set of muscle forces. Muscle forces from the nominal (solid line) and https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-perturbed-mt-points-of-the-scaled-2ekuptpm.png Table 1 Overview of the perturbed MT-points of the scaled generic model and the effect of perturbation within the anatomical variability on the produced muscle force. Each MT-point was categorized as origin (o), pseudo origin (po, most distal intermediate point on the proximal segment), pseudo insertion (pi, most proximal intermediate point on the distal segment), insertion (i) or any intermediate via point (via). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-mt-point-location-of-the-unscaled-1svohvh8.png Figure 4 Comparison of the MT-point location of the unscaled generic model to the anatomical variability. Figure 4a, 4b and 4c show the relation of the generic MT-point locations with respect to the anatomical variability for the AP-, SI- and ML-dimension for the pelvis, femur and tibia segment respectively. Generic MT-points can be within the anatomical variability (white bar) or too far posterior/anterior, caudal/cranial and medial/lateral (light grey bar/dark grey bar). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-difference-in-calculated-muscle-force-of-2a346uw6.png Figure 5 Average difference in calculated muscle force of all unperturbed muscles after perturbation of a specific MT-point ( ). The perturbed MT-points are listed along the horizontal axis and the average difference (± standard deviation) in muscle force (N) of all unperturbed muscles is indicated on the vertical axis. Each MT-point was categorized as origin (o), pseudo origin (po, most distal intermediate point on the proximal segment), pseudo insertion (pi, most proximal intermediate point on the distal segment), insertion (i) or any intermediate via point (via). See supplementary materials 3 for data of all MT-points. https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-of-the-spherical-gravitational-wave-detector-4e7hk64kyb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-electromechanical-scheme-of-a-spherical-antenna-with-3naqh2un.png FIG. 1. Electromechanical scheme of a spherical antenna with mechanical resonator and capacitive transducer coupled to a SQUID through a superconducting matching transformer. A detailed scheme of the two-stage SQUID system can be found in [22]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-exponential-distributions-of-the-mean-2gpp3tw7.png FIG. 5 (color online). Exponential distributions of the mean square amplitude hr2i for the modes at 2943 and 2985 Hz. The variance 2m obtained from the fit of the exponential distribution gives an equivalent temperature of the two modes of 7:0 2 and 9 2 K respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-minigrail-strain-sensitivity-at-a-1vl539be.png FIG. 6 (color online). MiniGRAIL strain sensitivity at a thermodynamic temperature T 5:2 K with three transducers placed on the sphere, but single transducer readout. The sensitivity has been estimated for a particular combination of the 5 spheroidal modes as derived by exciting the mode using a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) located at position P1 18 ; 135 . The dot-dash-dashed curve (total noise P1) shows the strain sensitivity calculated for a simulated hammerstroke excitation from the PZT location P1 using the electromechanical model described in [9]. For the simulation we used the detector parameters discussed here in the text. A better matching between the experimental data and the simulation is obtained when the simulated hammer stroke is given at the position P2 27 ; 135 (continuous line curve labeled total noise P2). The other curves shows the contribution to the stray sensitivity of the thermal noise (dashed line), backaction noise (dotted line) and SQUID additive current noise (dot-dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-frequency-measurement-at-room-temperature-1xxjfim2.png FIG. 2 (color online). Frequency measurement at room temperature of the coupled modes for transducers 1, 2 and 3 placed, respectively, on positions 1, 5 and 2 compared with the bare sphere modes. The solid lines are the measured values and the dashed line are the calculated ones. The best values for the uncoupled transducers resonant frequencies are f1 2863 3 Hz, f2 2850 3 Hz and f3 2878 3 Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-the-measured-strain-sensitivity-of-3l1pk0r8.png FIG. 7 (color online). The measured strain sensitivity of MiniGRAIL is shown together with the predicted sensitivity for future detector configurations. The continuous line is a polynomial fit of the measured strain sensitivity. The dashed line shows the expected sensitivity for the detector operating at T 50 mK with the same three transducers configuration presented in this paper. The dot-dot-dashed line (MiniGRAIL II) shows the sensitivity achievable with available technology, namely T=Q 2:5 10 8 K and SQUID energy resolution E 70@. The dot-dashed curve gives the sensitivity for a quantum limited detector (MiniGRAIL QL) with T=Q 1 10 9 K. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-tuning-parameters-mechanical-quality-factor-and-24zds60x.png TABLE II. Tuning parameters, mechanical quality factor and time constant m for each resonant mode measured at temperature T 5 K with transducer 1 bias at an electric field Ebias 105 V=m. The error in the frequency measurements is 0:003 Hz. The errors in the estimation of the coupling factor are of the order of 20%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-tuning-curves-for-the-two-most-coupled-1w87ymsn.png FIG. 4 (color online). Tuning curves for the two most coupled modes at 2943 Hz and 2985 Hz, respectively. From the slope of the line, the mode effective mass meff was estimated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-flux-spectral-density-measured-at-the-squid-output-1h09azbo.png FIG. 3. Flux spectral density measured at the SQUID output with transducer bias at 200 V. All the expected 8 modes of the system are visible in the spectrum. https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-of-subcritical-measurement-simulations-to-31bbl8arad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-computed-spectral-ratio-values-for-uranium-metal-1t0y1j1z.png Table 6 Computed spectral ratio values for uranium metal cylinders. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-computed-fission-rate-capture-rate-and-average-wuul6zg2.png Table 4 Computed fission rate, capture rate, and average number of neutrons from fission for 30.48-cm high uranyl nitrate solution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-computed-keff-values-for-uranyl-nitrate-solution-3ox0sohc.png Table 3 Computed keff values for uranyl nitrate solution tank. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-measured-spectral-ratio-values-for-uranium-metal-36e57z7q.png Table 5 Measured spectral ratio values for uranium metal cylinders. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measured-spectral-ratio-values-for-uranyl-nitrate-2fhhnm44.png Table 1 Measured spectral ratio values for uranyl nitrate solution tank. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-computed-spectral-ratio-values-for-uranyl-nitrate-2l19ps9h.png Table 2 Computed spectral ratio values for uranyl nitrate solution tank. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-computed-keff-values-for-uranium-metal-cylinders-j7paap4s.png Table 7 Computed keff values for uranium metal cylinders. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-computed-fission-rate-capture-rate-and-average-35dpf92f.png Table 8 Computed fission rate, capture rate, and average number of neutrons from fission for 10.16-cm high uranium metal cylinder. https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-of-thermal-infrared-sounders-to-the-chemical-and-1hhgze5rfn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spectral-extinction-coefficients-for-sulfate-ry42f200.png Figure 2. Spectral extinction coefficients for sulfate aerosol layers with different H2SO4 mixing ratios, from 0 to 80 % as indicated by the colour bar, and temperatures of 293 K (upper row) and 213 K (bottom row). Different mixing ratio/temperature combinations are shown, depending on the availability in the refractive indices data set of Biermann et al. (2000). The extinction coefficients are shown for a typical background size distribution (left column) and for a moderate volcanically perturbed size distribution (right column). See the text for further details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-individual-grey-and-average-tigr-tropical-vertical-v34ohl3d.png Figure 8. Individual (grey) and average TIGR tropical vertical profiles with standard deviations (black), for temperature (a) and water vapour mixing ratio (b). The standard deviation of the Gaussian noise used to generate the perturbed profiles is in red in both figures; spectral BT sensitivity for temperature profile (mean differences in black, 1 standard deviation interval in grey) and water vapour profile variability (mean differences in red, 1 standard deviation interval in orange) (c). See text for further details on how this sensitivity is evaluated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-total-error-for-the-retrieval-of-the-three-aerosol-xih0g39m.png Table 4. Total error (%) for the retrieval of the three aerosol parameters: Ne, re and H2SO4 mixing ratio, with different instrumental configurations (IASI HR refers to the IASI high spectral resolution; IASI BB refers to the IASI broadband features; MODIS BB refers to the MODIS broadband features; SEVIRI BB refers to the SEVIRI broadband features. See the text for further details). The error is calculated for typical background (Bg) and volcanic (Volc) conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spectral-extinction-coefficient-for-a-sulfate-21jcdmcr.png Figure 3. Spectral extinction coefficient for a sulfate aerosol layer, as a function of (a, b) the effective number concentration Ne (different number concentrations in different colours; see colourcoded legend) (c, d) the effective radius re (different radii in different colours, see colour-coded legend). Sulfate aerosol layers with 60 and 75 % (values indicated in the plots) H2SO4 mixing ratios are considered at 213–215 K. Please note the logarithmic ordinate in (c, d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bt-signature-of-sulfate-aerosol-layers-for-2ipmc53q.png Figure 6. BT signature of sulfate aerosol layers, for effective number concentrations of 2.52 (left panel) and 6.30 particles cm−3 (right panel), for effective radii of 0.16, 0.52 and 1.05 µm (see text in the figures) and H2SO4 mixing ratios of 60, 64, 70 and 75 % (in different colours). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-spectral-bt-signatures-for-a-sulfate-aerosol-layer-24l3meh2.png Figure 7. Spectral BT signatures for a sulfate aerosol layer at about 150 hPa altitude, as a function of the effective number concentration Ne for a fixed effective radius re = 0.79 µm (a, b), and as a function of the effective radius re for a fixed effective number concentration Ne = 7.87 particles cm −3 (c, d). Sulfate aerosol layers are considered with 60 % (a, c) and 75 % (b, d) H2SO4 mixing ratios at 213–215 K. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-degrees-of-freedom-dof-for-the-retrieval-of-the-38hq65mc.png Table 3. Degrees of freedom (DOF) for the retrieval of the three aerosol parameters: Ne, re and H2SO4 mixing ratio, with different instrumental configurations (IASI HR refers to the IASI high spectral resolution; IASI BB refers to IASI broadband features; MODIS BB refers to MODIS broadband features; SEVIRI BB refers to SEVIRI broadband features. See the text for further details). DOF are calculated for typical background (Bg) and volcanic (Volc) conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-simulated-radiances-for-baseline-no-utls-aerosol-1rq72rzx.png Figure 10. Simulated radiances for baseline no UTLS aerosol conditions (black) and different UTLS aerosols with different H2SO4 mixing ratios, effective radii and effective number concentrations (light and dark green and red; please see legend for details). The abscissa is expressed in both wavelength (to more readily compare with Fig. 1 of Corradini et al., 2009) and wavenumber. https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-of-tidewater-glaciers-to-submarine-melting-2p66wvmzwt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plan-views-of-the-terminus-showing-the-magnitude-q9t5uxwd.png Figure 1. Plan views of the terminus showing the magnitude and orientation of the second horizontal principal stress. Blue and red shadings denote areas of compressional and extensional stresses, respectively, with the downstream limit of the compressive arch lying at the boundary between these two zones. (a) Initial conditions and (b–f) end of season conditions for the (b) no melt, (c) distributed melt, (d) central plumes, (e) intermediate plumes, and (f) marginal plumes experiments (with melt rate = 2,000 m/year). Black arrows show plume locations. Model outputs have been interpolated onto a regular 75‐m grid for plotting. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-box-plots-showing-values-of-a-kt-and-b-ka-from-the-2n015gtt.png Figure 3. Box plots showing values of (a) kT and (b) kA from the sensitivity experiments (Table S1). Plots show the median value (orange line), interquartile range (box) and full range (whiskers). Values lying above the dashed lines at kT and kA = 1 indicate an enhancement of calving and compressive arch retreat. For each melt location, n = 9, except for distributed melt (n = 6). Values are plotted individually in Figure S10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relationship-between-a-width-averaged-melt-rate-mav-1t3ukpp7.png Figure 2. Relationship between (a) width‐averaged melt rate, mav, or (b) local melt rate (within melt zones), mloc, and width‐averaged rate of change in the terminus position, dPT/dt (positive = advance). (c, d) As in (a, b) but for rate of change of compressive arch position, dPA/dt. Dashed black line in (a) and (c) shows the relationship described by equation (3) with ki = 1, while the solid black line in (b) and (d) shows the relationship described by equation (4). https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-of-wrf-chem-model-resolution-in-simulating-12efzgxz2t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-particulate-matter-pm10-wrf-chem-simulations-at-3h0rq8u2.png Figure 4: Particulate matter (PM10) WRF-Chem simulations at 00UTC on 16th, 20th, 24th and 28th of June 2013 in South-East Asia (WRF-Chem_100km - left column, WRF-Chem_20km – middle column and WRF-Chem_20kmX – right column) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-particulate-matter-pm2-5-wrf-chem-simulations-at-1hts1jws.png Figure 5: Particulate matter (PM2.5) WRF-Chem simulations at 00UTC on 16th, 20th, 24th and 28th of June 2013 in South-East Asia (WRF-Chem_100km - left column, WRF-Chem_20km – middle column and WRF-Chem_20kmX – right column) 590 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlation-coefficients-nrmse-rmse-and-nmbf-for-air-2awxfdvz.png Table 4: Correlation coefficients, NRMSE, RMSE and NMBF for air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction of WRF-Chem simulations (100km and 20km) averaged for Singapore between 15th and 29th June 2013. 540 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlation-coefficients-nrmse-rmse-and-nmbf-for-wrf-1al21od5.png Table 5: Correlation coefficients, NRMSE, RMSE and NMBF for WRF-Chem simulations (100km and 20km) of PM2.5 (Singapore) and PM10 (Brunei) between 15th and 29th June 2013. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-time-averaged-total-aerosol-optical-depth-in-the-3vcdit04.png Figure 8: Time-Averaged Total Aerosol Optical Depth in the column at 550nm simulated over South-East A between 15th and 29th June 2013. 100km resolution – top left; 20km resolution – top right; 20kmX resolution – bottom left and; MERRA-2 reanalysis – bottom right https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-horizontal-model-resolution-versus-interpolation-in-1j1vqnl9.png Figure 1: Horizontal model resolution versus interpolation in WRF-Chem grid staggering. Horizontal Arakawa staggering in WRF-Chem (Arakawa and Lamb, 1977) – top left; Nearest point and bilinear interpolation (case A) – top right; Brunei station 550 (4.93º N, 114.93º E) relative to variables staggering – bottom left and; Nearest point and bilinear interpolation (case B) – bottom right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-series-of-observations-and-wrf-chem-261qtu9x.png Figure 2: Time-series of observations and WRF-Chem simulations for (a) surface temperature (T at 2 m in Celsius); (b) surface relative humidity (RH at 2 m in %) (c) 10 m wind speed (knots) and; (d) 10 m wind direction (degree), at Brunei International Airport https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-wrf-chem-simulated-and-observed-pm10-in-brunei-a-2hhmrz5p.png Figure 7: WRF-Chem simulated and observed PM10 in Brunei (a) WRF-Chem_100km; (b) WRF-Chem_20km and; (c) WRF-Chem_20kmX https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-to-three-dimensional-orientation-in-visual-507kryit3f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experiment-2-search-is-slow-when-three-dimensional-bio73qxs.png Fig. 2. Experiment 2: Search is slow when three-dimensional orientation is signalled by feature relations corresponding to U-shaped brackets. Shading clearly influences this effortful search task (A versus B and C; D versus E). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experiment-1-the-target-t-and-distractor-d-items-in-1p34s4lm.png Fig. 1. Experiment 1: The target (T) and distractor (D) items in the five conditions (A to E). Filled circles and bars represent data from target present trials; open circles and bars represent target absent trials. (A) Search is very rapid when shading and line relations correspond to convex blocks differing in threedimensional orientation. (B and C) search is slowed slightly when shading is removed, but is (D and E) very slow when based on spatial relations that do not correspond to three-dimensional objects. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experiment-3-the-target-and-distractor-items-the-3uqy57q7.png Fig. 3. Experiment 3: The target and distractor items, the diagnostic orientations, and corresponding search rates (me per item) in Conditions A to G. Rapid search is possible when either scene-based (A) or image-based (F) orientation is diagnostic of the target. Multiple regression models based on all seven conditions show that scene- and image-based orientation are comparible in their ability to direct search. https://scispace.com/papers/sensor-calibration-using-nonparametric-statistical-52x5y0elg7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-b-close-up-view-figure-4-c-close-up-view-nq184inh.png Figure 4(b). Close up view. Figure 4(c). Close up view. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-predictability-error-given-various-of-the-training-1e40uq8g.png Figure 5. Predictability error given various % of the training data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-measured-vs-correct-distances-3s3vs4ib.png Figure 1. The measured vs. correct distances. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-similarity-window-4iw0ba8h.png Figure 2. The similarity window. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-calibration-model-presented-as-two-piece-wise-36pz3xh6.png Figure 8. Calibration model presented as two piece-wise polynomials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-probability-density-distribution-of-the-correct-3vcxwlz7.png Figure 7. Probability density distribution of the correct distances of measured distance 30.26. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-confidence-interval-of-the-calibration-error-2h699fsy.png Figure 9. The confidence interval of the calibration error. https://scispace.com/papers/sensitization-to-the-lysosomal-cell-death-pathway-upon-2uxi6ymtvo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characterization-of-imefsa-passages-18-26-used-in-1fscapwh.png Table 1 Characterization of iMEFsa (passages 18–26) used in this study Averages SD from 5 (WT, CathB / , and CathL / ), 3 (CathD / , Casp-3), or 2 (NIH3T3) independent triplicate experiments are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cathepsin-b-cathb-is-not-required-for-tumor-necrosis-21u8ctpj.png Fig. 4. Cathepsin B (CathB) is not required for tumor necrosis factor signaling. A, wild-type (WT) and CathB / immortalized murine embryonic fibroblasts (iMEFs) transfected with plasmids encoding for nuclear factor B (NF- B)-responsive firefly luciferase and constitutively expressed renilla luciferase were left untreated or treated for 6 h with 10 ng/ml human tumor necrosis factor. The firefly luciferase activity was determined relative to the renilla luciferase activity, and the NF- B activity is expressed as fold induction on tumor necrosis factor-treatment. Averages from nine (WT; pooled from WT-1 and -3) or six (CathB / ; pooled from CathB / -1 and -2) quadruplicate experiments are shown; bars, SD. B, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activity was measured by the JNK-in-gel-kinase assay in WT-1 and CathB / -2 iMEFs left untreated (UT) or treated with 1 ng/ml murine tumor necrosis factor (mTNF) for indicated times. The experiment was repeated three times with essentially similar results. C, WT-1 (squares) and CathB / -2 (triangles) iMEFs were prelabeled with [125I]human tumor necrosis factor at 0°C. The amount of 125I-human tumor necrosis factor (counts/min) bound to the plasma membrane receptor (open symbols) or degraded (closed symbols) after indicated times after transfer to 37°C are shown. The experiment was repeated twice with essentially similar results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cathepsin-b-cathb-is-an-upstream-effector-in-tumor-2qwszlvb.png Fig. 5. Cathepsin B (CathB) is an upstream effector in tumor necrosis factor-induced death signaling and participates also in Fas ligand (FasL)induced death. A–C, wild-type (WT) and CathB / immortalized murine embryonic fibroblasts (iMEFs) were treated for 8 h with 5 M cycloheximide (CHX) alone or with 1 ng/ml murine tumor necrosis factor (mTNF) and analyzed for the cytosolic cysteine cathepsin activity by the zFRase assay (A), total caspase-3-like activity by the DEVDase assay (B), and the localization of cytochrome c and the nuclear morphology by immunostaining and ethidum-bromide, respectively (C). Averages of a representative triplicate experiment (A and B) and representative images with 50- m size bars (C) of a minimum of three similar experiments are shown; bars, SD. D, WT-1/3 and CathB / -1/2 iMEFs were treated with 1 ng/ml mTNF 5 M CHX or 10% FasL-supernatant 1 M CHX for 17 h or with 100 nM staurosporine (STS) for 48 h. The cytotoxicity was determined by the lactate dehydrogenase release assay. Averages for two independent triplicate experiments are shown; bars, SD. Essentially similar results were obtained in several repetitions with different WT and CathB / iMEF lines. E, WT-2, CathB / -2, CathL / , and CathD / iMEFs were treated with 100 nM STS for 24 h. The viability was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction assay as percent of vehicletreated control cells. Averages for three independent triplicate experiments are shown; bars, SD. , P 0.001 as determined by two-tailed t test and compared with STS-treated WT iMEFs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-immortalization-sensitizes-murine-embryonic-29s9zozv.png Fig. 1. Immortalization sensitizes murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to tumor necrosis factor-induced cathepsin B (CathB)-dependent cell death. A, primary MEFs (p2–5) originating from three wild-type (WT), two CathB / , and two CathL littermate embryos were treated for 17 h with 2.5 M cycloheximide (CHX) alone or with indicated concentrations of murine tumor necrosis factor (mTNF). The viability of the cells was measured by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction assay and is expressed as percentage of CHX-treated control cells. Averages of 1–3 independent triplicate experiments for each value point are shown; bars, SD. B,WT-1 and CathB / -1 MEFs were treated for 17 h with 5–10 M CHX alone or with 1 ng/ml mTNF at indicated passages before and after the spontaneous immortalization (Immort.) and analyzed as in A. Averages of one triplicate experiment for each value point are shown; bars, SD. The experiment was repeated with essentially the same result using independent WT and CathB / MEF lines. C, immortalized WT and CathB / MEFs (immortalized murine embryonic fibroblasts; p16–26) treated with 5 M CHX alone or with 1 ng/ml mTNF for 14 h were stained with Hoechst 33342 and Sytox, and 100–200 cells/well were counted to determine the percentage of apoptotic cells. Averages of five independent triplicate experiments are shown; bars, SD. , P 0.01, , P 0.001 as determined by two-tailed t test. D, WT-1 (filled symbols) and CathB / -1 (open symbols) immortalized murine embryonic fibroblasts were treated with 5 M CHX alone or with indicated concentrations of mTNF for indicated time periods. The cytotoxicity was determined by the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay and is expressed as the percentage of the released LDH of total cellular LDH. Averages of a triplicate experiment are shown; bars, SD. The experiment was repeated twice with essentially similar results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-transformation-of-nih3t3s-with-oncogenic-ras-and-src-21o33biq.png Fig. 6. Transformation of NIH3T3s with oncogenic ras and src up-regulates cysteine cathepsins and sensitizes cells to tumor necrosis factor. A, phase contrast pictures of vector-, SV40LT-, v-Ha-ras-, and c-srcY527F-transduced NIH3T3 cells were taken six passages after transduction. Pictures were taken at 300 magnification with an Olympus IX70 microscope, Olympus CAMEDIA C-5050 ZOOM camera, and standard software. Bars indicate 50 m. B, the total cysteine cathepsin activity in the same cells two passages after transduction was measured by the zFRase activity assay, and proteins were analyzed by immunoblotting using antibodies against CathB, CathL, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). C, the sensitivity of the cells to 2.5 M cycloheximide (CHX) indicated concentrations of murine tumor necrosis factor (mTNF) was analyzed by a 17-h lactate dehydrogenase release assay. D, the cysteine cathepsin activity of the digitonin-extracted cytosols from vector- and v-Ha-ras-transduced cells treated for 8 h with 2.5 M CHX alone or CHX 0.1 ng/ml mTNF were determined by the zFRase activity assay. E, the v-Ha-ras-transduced cells pretreated for 1–1.5 h with vehicle alone (no inh.), 75 M zVAD-fmk, 50 M CA-074-Me, or 60 M ALLN were treated with 2.5 M CHX alone or with 100 pg/ml mTNF for 14–16 h before the determination of the cytotoxicity by the lactate dehydrogenase release assay. A–E, averages for five (B and C), three (D), or two (E) independent triplicate (C–E) or quadruplicate (B) experiments are shown; bars, SD. , P 0.05, , P 0.01, , P 0.001 as determined by two-tailed t test using vector-transfected (B–D) or tumor necrosis factor CHX-treated (E) cells as a reference value. Essentially similar results were obtained with an independent set of transformed cells. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cathepsin-b-cathb-immortalized-murine-embryonic-bke3x32f.png Fig. 2. Cathepsin B (CathB) / immortalized murine embryonic fibroblasts (iMEFs) are resensitized to tumor necrosis factor by ectopic expression of CathB. A–C, CathB / -1 iMEFs were transduced with a retroviral vector encoding for murine CathB (mCathB; black) or an empty vector (white). Transduced cells selected with puromycin were analyzed for the expression and localization of mCathB by confocal microscopy with antiCathB (green) and antilysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (red; A) and for the sensitivity to 5 M cycloheximide (CHX) alone or with indicated concentrations of murine tumor necrosis factor (mTNF) by a 17-h lactate dehydrogenase release (B) or 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction (C) assays. The staining and sensitivity of wild-type (WT)-1 (gray) and or CathB / iMEFs analyzed in parallel are shown for the comparison. Averages for a triplicate experiment are shown; bars, SD. D, WT-1 and CathB / -3 iMEFs were cotransfected with a H2B-eGFP fusion protein and a retroviral vector encoding for mCathB or an empty vector 54–60 h before the 12-h treatment with 5 M CHX alone or with 0.1 ng/ml mTNF. The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by counting of the cells with condensed chromatin in eight independent fields. Averages of four (CathB / ) and one (WT) independent experiments are shown; bars, SD. , P 0.05 as analyzed by the two sample two-tailed t test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tumor-necrosis-factor-tnf-induces-cathepsin-b-cathb-1yxu3kb4.png Fig. 3. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induces cathepsin B (CathB)-dependent death in immortalized murine embryonic fibroblasts (iMEFs). A, wildtype (WT)-1 iMEFs pretreated for 1.5 h with vehicle alone (no inh.), 100 M z-Phe-Ala-fluoromethylketone (zFA-fmk), 20 M CA-074-Me, or 40 M ALLN were treated with 5 M cycloheximide (CHX) alone or with 10 pg/ml murine tumor necrosis factor (mTNF) for 15 h before the determination of the percentage of apoptotic cells as described in the legend for Fig. 1C. The data for CathB / -1 iMEFs is shown for comparison. Percentage of apoptotic cells in CHX-treated WT and CathB / iMEFs was 1.7 0.9 and 11.8 1.9, respectively. Averages are derived from counting four randomly chosen fields of 60–100 cells/treatment; bars, SD. B, WT-1 iMEFs pretreated for 24 h or 1.5 h with indicated concentrations ( M) of pepstatin A (PepA) or other indicated inhibitors, respectively, were treated for 17 h with 5 M CHX 0.1 ng/ml mTNF. Cell death was evaluated by the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. The LDH release from cells treated with CHX and the various inhibitors was always below 2% (data not shown). Averages of a triplicate experiment are shown; bars, SD. C, WT-1 iMEFs pretreated for 1.5 h with medium alone (no inh.), 200 M DEVD-CHO, 200 M IETD-CHO, or 10 M DEVD-cmk were treated and analyzed as described in the legend for Fig. 1C. Percentage of apoptotic cells in CHX-treated WT iMEFs was 2.9 1.5. D, WT-1 iMEFs transfected with 100 nM mismatch control (mm) or murine CathB (mCathB) small interfering RNA oligos were analyzed for the expression of CathB and Hsp70 (loading control) by immunoblot analysis and for the total cysteine cathepsin activity by determining the cleavage of z-Phe-Arg-7-amino-trifluoromethylcoumarin 50 and 36 h after the transfection, respectively. E, cells from the same transfection were treated for 14 h with 5 M CHX alone or with mTNF 36–50 h after the transfection, and the cytotoxicity was analyzed by the LDH release assay. D and E, averages from a triplicate experiment are shown; bars, SD. The experiments were repeated once (A), twice (C), or three times (B, D, and E) with essentially similar results. , P 0.05, , P 0.01, and , P 0.001 as determined by two-tailed t test and compared with WT iMEFs pretreated with vehicle alone (A–C) or cells transfected with mm small interfering RNA (D and E). https://scispace.com/papers/sensor-based-navigation-coordination-for-mobile-robots-51cyfkh2t1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-fusion-of-path-following-and-obstacle-avoidance-27x2rzbt.png Fig. 4. The fusion of Path following and obstacle-avoidance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-robot-with-two-head-on-sensors-2eptle3a.png Fig. 1. Robot with two head-on sensors https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-khepera-infra-red-sensor-outputs-o7u6sdtp.png Fig. 3. Khepera infra-red sensor outputs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-robot-with-two-pairs-of-side-sensors-g5pvcof1.png Fig. 2. Robot with two pairs of side sensors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-path-following-and-obstacle-avoidance-y31slkf6.png Fig. 8. Path following and obstacle avoidance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-update-of-s-when-obstacle-avoidance-is-active-ausgd6w8.png Fig. 5. Update of s when obstacle avoidance is active https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-khepera-and-its-infra-red-sensors-24zckzqy.png Fig. 6. Khepera and its infra-red sensors https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-path-following-373h14h9.png Fig. 7. Path following https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-studies-for-third-generation-gravitational-wave-1lurx2v1ol 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-panel-gravity-gradient-noise-contribution-to-866ijshm.png Figure 2. Left panel: gravity-gradient noise contribution to ET, for various β values, assuming the BFO spectrum shown in figure 1 as the seismic excitation level. Right panel: suspension thermal noise of the low-frequency interferometer of ET as described in [34]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-noise-budgets-for-the-et-d-low-and-high-frequency-31ixndpr.png Figure 5. Noise budgets for the ET-D low- and high-frequency interferometers, using the parameters given in table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-historical-evolution-of-sensitivity-models-for-the-1gp0ige0.png Figure 6. Historical evolution of sensitivity models for the Einstein Telescope, starting from a single cryogenic broadband detector (ET-B) [11], over the initial xylophone design (ET-C) [13] to the ET-D sensitivity described in this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-panel-simplified-schematic-of-an-et-2a1vqp2v.png Figure 3. Left panel: simplified schematic of an ET interferometer. Quantum-noise suppression is achieved by the injection of squeezed light states with a frequency-dependent squeezing angle. The frequency-dependent rotation of the squeezing angle can be realized by using the dispersion of filter cavities, on which the squeezed light is reflected. Each ET low-frequency interferometer will require two filter cavities, while each high-frequency interferometer only requires a single filter cavity. Right-hand panel: quantum-noise contribution of the ET low-frequency interferometer, as described in [13] (dashed line) and with squeezing losses from filter cavities taken into account (solid line) [27]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-most-important-parameters-of-the-et-d-unwiuvjb.png Table 1. Summary of the most important parameters of the ET-D high- and low-frequency interferometers as shown in figure 5. SA = superattenuator, freq. dep. squeez. = squeezing with frequency-dependent angle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-quantum-noise-contribution-for-a-low-frequency-ocrp6ptf.png Figure 4. Left: quantum-noise contribution for a low-frequency ET interferometer with different signal recycling options. For ET-D we assumed detuned signal recycling with SRM reflectivity of 80%. Also plotted are the tuned signal recycling configuration using a 30% reflectivity SRM and quantum noise without any signal recycling. In brackets the number of required filter cavities is stated. Right: quantum-noise and mirror-thermal-noise contributions for different mirror diameters. The aspect ratio is kept constant for all scenarios. Reducing the mirror size (and thus their weight) only slightly increases the mirror thermal-noise contributions, but significantly decreases the sensitivity at low frequencies, due to increased radiation pressure noise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-different-interferometer-configurations-considered-1hdpyjme.png Figure 7. Different interferometer configurations considered in this paper. All sensitivities shown in this paper refer to a pair of low- and high-frequency interferometers forming a single detector of 10 km arm length and an opening angle of 90◦. However, the full ET observatory will consist of three detectors with a 60◦ opening angle, arranged in the shape of a triangle. The solid lines represent the main laser beams, while dashed lines indicate squeezed light beams. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-seismic-noise-spectrum-from-an-underground-location-2qh0hum1.png Figure 1. Seismic noise spectrum from an underground location in the Black Forest, Germany (left-hand panel). Transfer function of a superattenuator consisting of six stages with an overall height of 17 m (center panel). The right-hand panel shows the resulting seismic noise contribution for the 17 m superattenuator for the seismic excitation at the Black Forest site (green dashed line). For comparison ET-B and ET-C are also plotted. Their seismic noise contribution is based on the assumption of a generic five-stage 50 m suspension. https://scispace.com/papers/sensor-fault-tolerance-in-output-feedback-nonlinear-model-3bp97heii5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-trajectory-of-target-and-follower-vehicle-without-11vfd778.png Fig. 4: Trajectory of target and follower vehicle without faulttolerant scheme, i.e. without any observability measure in the NMPC formulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-estimation-errors-for-the-states-and-parametrized-39xxiexy.png Fig. 5: Estimation errors for the states and parametrized inputs of the target vehicle without including an observability index in the NMPC controller. Observe that the y-axis resolution is different from Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-estimation-errors-for-the-states-and-parametrized-1r1709ax.png Fig. 3: Estimation errors for the states and parametrized inputs of the target vehicle with the proposed FTMPC approach. The black-doted vertical lines indicates the time of a fault or repair of a measurement, while the vertical cyan-doted lines indicates a change in the target motion, unknown to controller. The loss of a sensor is seen not to affect the estimation errors, while a change in target motion (cyan vertical lines) gives a transient estimation error which quickly converges to zero. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-trajectories-of-the-target-and-follower-vehicle-with-qiwedkxs.png Fig. 2: Trajectories of the target and follower vehicle with the proposed FTMPC approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-sensor-fault-tolerant-nmpc-3h8g3xcq.png Fig. 1: Schematic diagram of the sensor fault-tolerant NMPC scheme. https://scispace.com/papers/sensor-fault-tolerance-using-robust-mpc-with-set-based-state-4t7ji8zfd2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-control-inputs-for-the-first-fault-elas3em3.png Fig. 4. Control inputs for the first fault https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-states-and-state-estimations-1bbzr2di.png Fig. 5. Comparison of states and state estimations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fi-of-the-first-fault-1p7oydbu.png Fig. 3. FI of the first fault https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fd-of-the-first-fault-1rvscqee.png Fig. 2. FD of the first fault https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-output-sets-for-active-fi-1ipivecq.png Fig. 1. Output sets for active FI https://scispace.com/papers/sensor-fault-tolerant-direct-torque-and-flux-control-of-z4j4rj4auh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proposed-fault-tolerant-control-scheme-1jw66qo9.png Fig. 1. Proposed fault tolerant control scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rotor-speed-o-rad-sec-and-stator-flux-magnitude-pssd-pu36v46d.png Fig. 3. Rotor speed ω [rad/sec] and stator flux magnitude ψsd [Wb] under the fault tolerant control scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-switching-sequence-k-and-observer-filtered-and-sampled-3fbh9zpl.png Fig. 2. Switching sequence ℓk and observer (filtered and sampled) error signals πj [k] [Wb 2], j = 1, 2, 3. https://scispace.com/papers/sensor-integration-study-for-a-shallow-tunnel-detection-3p02marg7w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-detection-vs-factors-affecting-performance-for-a-33wlv28q.png Figure 3: Detection vs. factors affecting performance for a gravimetric sensor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-detection-vs-factors-affecting-performance-for-an-3av6qsm7.png Figure 2: Detection vs. factors affecting performance for an active seismic sensor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-major-factors-affecting-tunnel-detection-rben8qvw.png Figure 1: Major factors affecting tunnel detection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-detection-vs-factors-affecting-performance-for-a-hn20p7nm.png Figure 5: Detection vs. factors affecting performance for a passive EM sensor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-detection-vs-factors-affecting-performance-for-a-3sk62ajg.png Figure 4: Detection vs. factors affecting performance for a passive seismic sensor. https://scispace.com/papers/sensor-network-design-using-genetic-algorithm-krpltg5ly8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-distributed-genetic-algorithm-influence-of-the-16le2xvp.png Figure 6: distributed genetic algorithm: influence of the number of iterations between two migrations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-global-parallelisation-determination-of-a-validable-2y0t9rv6.png Figure 4: global parallelisation: determination of a validable sensor network in the case of an ammonia synthesis loop https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distributed-genetic-algorithm-influence-of-the-1p8j24wb.png Figure 5: distributed genetic algorithm: influence of the number of sub-populations in the case of an ammonia synthesis loop https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sensor-network-observable-in-case-of-one-sensor-3j58oub3.png Figure 3: sensor network observable in case of one sensor failure for an ammonia synthesis loop https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-validable-measurement-network-for-an-ammonia-3a6ldo6p.png Figure 2: validable measurement network for an ammonia synthesis loop https://scispace.com/papers/sensor-properties-of-a-robust-giant-magnetoresistance-24ypnumqx7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-temperature-dependence-of-the-sheet-resistance-of-a-10-kbva599s.png FIG. 6. Temperature dependence of the sheet resistance of a 10. Ir19Mn81 film. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-saturation-resistance-of-the-multilayer-with-3-nm-dwl6pt74.png FIG. 4. The saturation resistance of the multilayer with 3 nm Cu at ro temperature after annealing at several temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-gmr-ratio-as-a-function-of-temperature-for-several-p68xhn0x.png FIG. 3. The GMR ratio as a function of temperature for several thickne of the Cu layer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-magnetoresistance-curves-of-a-multilayer-consisting-of-3hyihyb6.png FIG. 2. Magnetoresistance curves of a multilayer consisting of 3.5 nm 2nm Ni80Fe20/10 nm Ir19Mn81/4.5 nm Co90Fe10/0.8 nm Ru/4 nm Co90Fe10/3 nm Cu/0.8 nm Co90Fe10/5 nm Ni80Fe20/4 nm Ta at, respectively, 25, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, and 250 °C~from top down!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-temperature-dependence-of-the-sheet-resistance-of-the-5b8gt20a.png FIG. 5. Temperature dependence of the sheet resistance of the mult with 3 nm Cu. https://scispace.com/papers/sensor-simulation-and-position-calibration-for-the-cms-pixel-mdj53jy807 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-azimuthal-charge-sharing-functions-for-2-and-3-3ibs8rv2.png Fig. 1. The azimuthal charge-sharing functions for 2- and 3-pixel clusters in the CMS pixel barrel for new sensors (a) and sensors irradiated to a fluence of Φ = 5.9 × 1014 neq/cm2 (b). The fraction of charge found in the last pixel as compared with both end pixels is plotted as a function of the local coordinate y in microns. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulated-bias-y-and-resolution-rms-of-the-pixel-hit-2qk60mhk.png Table 1 Simulated bias ∆y and resolution (RMS) of the pixel hit reconstruction algorithm for different cluster charge bins before and after irradiation to Φ = 5.9 × 1014 neq/cm2. The fractions of the sample in each cluster charge bin are also listed. https://scispace.com/papers/sensorimotor-adaptation-of-speech-using-real-time-49gngqiwa8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-of-adaptation-experiment-36z1pt7q.png Figure 2: Schematic of adaptation experiment https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-f1-f2-shifts-hz-from-baseline-to-full-2noqa90u.png Table 1. Summary of F1 & F2 shifts (Hz) from baseline to full perturbation (compensation) and baseline to masking (adaptation). Asterisks indicate significant effects (p<0.05) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-f1-f2-values-per-experimental-phase-by-2zpfy5dt.png Figure 4: Average F1-F2 values per experimental phase by subject and method https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-experimental-setup-for-two-methods-4dufhw8m.png Figure 1: Schematic of experimental setup for two methods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-f1-f2-values-from-subject-1-showing-articulatory-alpyruyt.png Figure 3: F1-F2 values from subject 1 showing articulatory changes between experimental phases for both methods https://scispace.com/papers/sensor-steered-fire-simulation-v71lc3nfne 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-four-camera-view-of-full-scale-demonstration-test-4-lgig77e1.png Fig. 3. Four camera view of full-scale demonstration test – 4 minutes after heat detector alarm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-hot-layer-temperature-of-full-scale-demonstration-test-nlkk4ava.png Fig. 6. Hot layer temperature of full-scale demonstration test and fire phase definitions of CRISP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pdf-convergence-of-rate-of-flame-spread-in-k-crisp-2jl2u247.png Fig. 7. PDF convergence of rate of flame spread in K-CRISP simulation of full-scale demonstration test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rig-layout-showing-locations-of-instrumentation-within-3o2ej6vm.png Fig. 2. Rig layout showing locations of instrumentation within the rig for full-scale demonstration test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-pdf-convergence-of-fuel-load-in-k-crisp-simulation-of-1mg3uls9.png Fig. 8. PDF convergence of fuel load in K-CRISP simulation of full-scale demonstration test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-pdf-convergence-of-rate-of-flame-spread-for-full-room-urryl0s1.png Fig. 9. PDF convergence of rate of flame spread for full room in K-CRISP simulation of full-scale demonstration test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-of-pdf-changes-after-updating-for-initial-fuel-27l601hk.png Fig. 5. Example of PDF changes after updating for initial fuel load in the full-scale demonstration test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-plan-view-of-the-fire-rig-and-furniture-layout-for-2klzx032.png Fig. 1. Plan view of the fire rig and furniture layout for Room 1 in full-scale demonstration test https://scispace.com/papers/sensorimotor-control-and-linear-visuomotor-gains-2ol51e3koc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-fitts-paradigm-participants-had-to-move-the-m7fd271z.png Figure 1: a) Fitt’s paradigm. Participants had to move the visual cursor from the starting position to the target (width https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-motor-kinematic-parameters-a-peak-velocity-in-the-3ustio7q.png Figure 4: Motor kinematic parameters. a) Peak Velocity in the motor space (PVmotor) versus the Index of Difficulty https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-velocity-profiles-of-representative-trials-23tps1s0.png Figure 2: Velocity profiles of representative trials performed by one participant in the motor and visual spaces versus https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-temporal-kinematic-parameters-a-acceleration-time-2u3e1s8t.png Figure 5: Temporal kinematic parameters. a) Acceleration Time (AT) versus the CD gain. CG1: Constant Gain of 1, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-movement-time-mt-and-b-endpoint-variability-of-2zgfwo38.png Figure 3: a) Movement Time (MT) and. b) Endpoint variability of the visual cursor in the target versus the Index of Difficulty (ID) and the CD gain. All these comparisons were significant except for those noted ns: non-significant. Error bars denote standard errors. https://scispace.com/papers/sensorimotor-integration-compensates-for-visual-localization-1tpzv2rj5r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fixation-and-pursuit-experiment-a-during-fixation-1iarbjyk.png FIG. 1. Fixation and pursuit experiment. A: during fixation, subjects adjusted the time of a flash so as to align it with 2 moving reference points.B: while pursuing a target, subjects adjusted the time of a flash so as to align it with 2 static reference points. The position of the flash relative to the pursuit target was fixed in each trial.C: example of recorded eye movements in the pursuit condition. D: mean alignment error for 5 subjects in the fixation condition as a function of the flash’s retinal location for moving and static reference points. Negative errors mean that subjects adjusted the flash to occur to the left (ahead) of the reference points. Error bars are standard errors reflecting variability across subjects.E: mean alignment error in the pursuit condition as a function of the position of the flash relative to the pursuit target. A negative error implies that the flash was adjusted to appear to the left of the reference points.F: mean results of 5 subjects in the pursuit condition in which the pursuit target moved in different directions. Note that in this condition a lower pursuit speed was used than in the horizontal pursuit condition inE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-dimensional-pursuit-experiment-a-while-pursuing-a-vy80hyi0.png FIG. 2. Two-dimensional pursuit experiment.A: while pursuing a target, subjects adjusted the position of the crosshair to align it with the flashed circle.B: mean results of the 5 subjects tested. The flashes were presented at the base of the arrows. The tip of the arrow shows the position of the cross-hair, as adjusted by the subjects. The arrows depict the difference of the errors during pursuit and those during fixation. Thus the arrows show the pure pursuit effect, removing the small errors observed during fixation due to mislocalization of peripheral flashes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-egocentric-localization-experiment-a-while-subjects-in-5ymbqyvv.png FIG. 4. Egocentric localization experiment. A: while subjects in complete darkness tracked a rightward moving circle, a vertical target line was shown. This vertical target line was either flashed (for 12 ms) or shown longer (for 1 s). The line was shown at 1 of 9 positions with respect to the pursuit target. After the target line had disappeared and the pursuit sweep had finished, subjects used the mouse to position a test line at the location where they had perceived the vertical target line.B: mean errors for the 7 subjects with standard error bars representing the variability across subjects. Positive errors denote responses too far to the right. The figure shows long-duration stimuli at the retinal position they occupied at the moment of disappearance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sequential-localization-experiment-a-subjects-tracked-2peb9cgs.png FIG. 3. Sequential localization experiment.A: subjects tracked a rightward moving target and saw 2 vertical lines during every sweep. They adjusted the location of the 2nd line to align it with the perceived position of the 1st. Each line was either flashed or of long duration.Left: a schematic of a long/long sweep. Splash marks indicate the appearance/disappearance of the stimuli. The 1st line was present from the beginning of the sweep and was extinguished shortly before the subject would foveate it (2nd snapshot from top). The 2nd line appeared shortly after the pursuit target had passed its position (4th snapshot) and remained visible till the end of the sweep. In a flash/flash sweep (right), lines were flashed briefly, as indicated by the splash marks in the 2nd and 4th snapshots. Long/flash and flash/long conditions were also tested (not shown).B: mean alignment errors for the 5 subjects with standard error bars showing the variability across subjects. Positive errors mean that the 2nd lin was placed to the right of the 1st line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-overview-of-localization-errors-in-our-experiments-all-mdj0i3iv.png FIG. 5. Overview of localization errors in our experiments. All graphs show errors as a function of retinal position. For both fixation and pursuit, constant and flashed stimuli are considered.A: for fixation, the constant stimuli are moving objects.4, direction of motion.B: in our 1st experiment, we found large errors in relative localization between the constant and flashed stimuli when the constant stimuli moved toward the fovea (foveopetal hemifield) and much smaller errors when they moved away from it (foveofugal hemifield). For the sake of clarity, we have omitted these small foveofugal errors in this figure to focus on the main effect of the difference between the 2 hemifields.C: the errors in relative localization are due to mislocalization of the moving stimuli. D: flashes are localized correctly during fixation.E: the explanation for the results during fixation is that in the foveopetal zone the gaze signals are veridical while the retinal location signals of moving objects are erroneous. In the foveofugal zone, both signals are veridical. Flashes at any location are localized correctly (D) because the gaze signals are veridical. Foveopetal stimuli are mislocalized (C) because the retinal location signals are erroneous.F: for pursuit the constant stimuli are static objects.G: relative mislocalization during pursuit is identical to mislocalization during fixation (B). H: the sequential localization and egocentric localization experiments showed that during pursuit static objects are localized (almost) correctly.I: these experiments also showed that flashes ahead of the pursuit target are seen too far ahead, whereas flashes behind are localized (almost) correctly. J: the explanation for the results during pursuit is that the retinal location signals have the same errors as during fixation (E) because the retinal information is the same, but now the gaze signals are biased in the opposite direction. These erroneous gaze signals are revealed by the errors in flash localization (I). Localization of static objects during pursuit is veridical (H) because the errors in the gaze signals compensate for those in the retinal signals. https://scispace.com/papers/sensorineural-hearing-loss-and-language-development-1s436w1ye0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-developmental-results-at-2-and-5-years-following-142g0cc1.png Table 3 Developmental results at 2 and 5 years following neonatal ECMO https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-and-ecmo-characteristics-of-participants-1ba5sfcn.png Table 1: Baseline and ECMO characteristics of participants https://scispace.com/papers/sensorless-control-for-interior-permanent-magnet-synchronous-lgaej2v6o5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-actual-and-estimated-angle-d8v0270b.png Fig. 8. Actual and estimated angle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-characteristic-waveform-of-position-stimation-under-10odlkt7.png Fig. 10. Characteristic waveform of position stimation under starting https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-specification-of-ipmsm-2nsm7v13.png Table 1. Specification of IPMSM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-photograph-of-essential-hardware-2g5ffgjs.png Fig. 6. Photograph of essential hardware https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sensorless-control-block-diagram-with-variable-cut-off-1a9rikek.png Fig. 3. Sensorless control block diagram with variable cut-off frequence https://scispace.com/papers/sensorless-control-of-switched-reluctance-motor-for-ev-vt4x9jefx8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-sliding-surface-s-3nozr84l.png Figure 7: The sliding surface (S). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-electromagnetic-torque-estimation-rc78pmzy.png Figure 8: The electromagnetic torque estimation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-rotor-position-estimation-with-unkown-tl-1z2gnz0w.png Figure 10: The rotor position estimation with unkown TL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-estimation-error-of-the-speed-e-qvzorqj1.png Figure 6: The estimation error of the speed (eΩ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-rotor-speed-estimation-with-unknown-tl-3rebkp6a.png Figure 9: The rotor speed estimation with unknown TL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-sliding-surface-s-with-unknown-tl-vujoybvi.png Figure 11: The sliding surface (S) with unknown TL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-torque-estimation-with-unknown-tl-2o19sbpb.png Figure 12: The torque estimation with unknown TL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-load-torque-estimation-tl-15nugap6.png Figure 13: The load torque estimation TL. https://scispace.com/papers/sensorless-fault-tolerant-control-for-induction-motors-1t4z1ywmq9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-measured-load-torque-mjg30x8s.png Fig 6: Measured load torque https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-experimental-results-without-parameters-variations-un-1g5klxhu.png Fig 7: Experimental results without parameters variations (un-faulty mode) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-set-up-1jd088mr.png Fig 4: Experimental set-up https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-block-diagram-of-the-proposed-fault-tolerant-t1kjp7px.png Fig 5: Block diagram of the proposed fault tolerant controller https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulation-results-with-rotor-resistance-variations-of-yh1j0lhg.png Fig 3: Simulation results with rotor resistance variations of +100%Rr https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-im-parameters-23v1kxu4.png Table 1: The IM parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-benchmark-trajectories-2o21eyuz.png Fig 1: Benchmark trajectories https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulation-results-without-parameters-variations-un-renitl1m.png Fig 2: Simulation results without parameters variations (un-faulty mode) https://scispace.com/papers/sensorless-finite-control-set-model-predictive-control-for-2qqlqfomsd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulation-results-speed-reversal-with-an-increment-of-3lc2o5ah.png Fig. 5 – Simulation results - Speed reversal with an increment of R of 30%. Top: real (blue) and estimated (green) electrical rotor speed. Middle: error between real and estimated electrical rotor angle. Bottom: 𝐼𝑑 (green) and 𝐼𝑞 (blue) currents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulation-results-speed-reversal-with-a-decrement-of-3i5a9xdk.png Fig. 6 – Simulation results - Speed reversal with a decrement of L of 10%. Top: real (blue) and estimated (green) electrical rotor speed. Middle: error between real and estimated electrical rotor angle. Bottom: 𝐼𝑑 (green) and 𝐼𝑞 (blue) currents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-state-of-the-high-sjh-and-low-sjl-igbt-of-the-j-th-leg-3879gixf.png Fig. 7 – State of the high (SjH) and low (SjL) IGBT of the j th leg of the inverter and the corresponding phase voltage 𝑣𝑗0. In this example the current flowing trough the j th leg has been assumed positive. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-experimental-set-up-two-level-inverter-green-circle-1x2xemsr.png Fig. 8 – Experimental set-up: two level inverter (green circle), control platform (red circle) and motors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-experimental-results-speed-inversion-from-top-to-h74uua45.png Fig. 10 – Experimental results - Speed inversion. From top to bottom: real (blue) and estimated (green) electrical rotor angle; error between real and estimated electrical rotor angle; real (blue) and estimated (green) electrical rotor speed; 𝐼𝑑 (green) and 𝐼𝑞 (blue) currents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-experimental-results-observer-transient-at-system-1uhd3ibu.png Fig. 9 – Experimental results - Observer transient at system startup. Top: error between real and estimated electrical rotor angle. Bottom: 𝐼𝑑 (green) and 𝐼𝑞 (blue) currents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-vector-diagram-time-subscripts-have-been-dropped-3qnzkibn.png Fig. 1 – Vector diagram. Time subscripts have been dropped https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-experimental-results-steady-state-behaviour-at-600-1seksex7.png Fig. 11 – Experimental results - Steady state behaviour at 600 electrical rad/s. Top: real (blue) and estimated (green) rotor angle. Bottom: error between real and estimated rotor angle. https://scispace.com/papers/sensors-for-measuring-biodegradable-and-total-organic-matter-29l5stabin 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sensors-for-bom-using-a-clark-electrode-3ldq51j9.png Table 2: Sensors for BOM using a Clark electrode https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-microbial-fuel-cell-consists-of-an-anaerobic-3ovz9rvk.png Figure 3: A microbial fuel cell consists of an anaerobic chamber with an anode, and an aerobic chamber with a cathode, the two separated by a proton-exchange membrane. In the anaerobic chamber, the anode short-circuits the natural electron acceptors, such as oxygen or nitrate. The protons then pass through the proton-selective membrane toward the aerobic chamber. The electrons produced are transferred to the cathode, where they reduce oxygen to form water. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-methods-for-tom-determination-in-water-2omzlb7j.png Table 1: Methods for TOM determination in water https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-biosensors-for-bom-without-a-clark-electrode-3cc70y15.png Table 3: Biosensors for BOM without a Clark electrode https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-photocatalytic-mechanism-on-a-semiconductor-surface-3d41uquf.png Figure 1: Photocatalytic mechanism on a semiconductor surface illuminated with energy > 3.1eV (380 nm). An electron jumps from the valence band to the conduction band, leaving a positive hole. This electron can be transferred to oxygen (or H+; chlorinated compounds), initiating various reactions. The hole can produce hydroxyl radical (or, with water: organic compounds). Free-radicals are strong oxidants, able to mineralize OM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-principle-of-electrocatalysis-is-based-on-a-14xay4y3.png Figure 2: The principle of electrocatalysis is based on a powerful oxidizing activity generated at the electrode surface. The electrons released during oxidation can be measured as an electrical current proportional to the quantity of OM oxidized. https://scispace.com/papers/sensors-to-monitor-cfrp-concrete-bond-in-beams-using-5h6v0w1jcn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-3fu8e8rz.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-oj6lo58a.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-1y7pmekp.png Fig. 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-2wtro9et.png Fig. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-3mv4t4ze.png Fig. 11 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-mvh2ggu3.png Fig. 12 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-218n1b1u.png Fig. 14 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-ptzr1p0p.png Fig. 13 https://scispace.com/papers/sentence-imitation-as-a-tool-in-identifying-expressive-14yvfzfz42 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-on-sit61-td-and-sli-groups-1ppp0l5y.png Table 2: Performance on SIT61: TD and SLI groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-profile-of-participants-98reoia7.png Table 1: Profile of participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-on-sit61-cpd-ipd-and-sli-groups-2xgrs96i.png Table 3: Performance on SIT61: CPD, IPD and SLI groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-error-types-as-a-percentage-of-total-content-and-tvm19oja.png Figure 4: Error types as a percentage of total content- and function- word errors: IPD and SLI groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-phonological-accuracy-scores-as-measured-on-the-8qfe4r19.png Figure 3: Phonological accuracy scores as measured on the Phonology Subtest of the DEAP: CPD and IPD groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-content-word-function-word-and-rzdivd90.png Figure 2: Comparison of Content word, Function word and Inflections for the CPD, IPD and SLI groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-content-word-function-word-and-3vgq9qhw.png Figure 1: Comparison of Content word, Function word and Inflections for the TD and SLI groups https://scispace.com/papers/sensory-aspects-of-acceptability-of-bitter-flavoured-7-5-mm-3xkg7tqo2e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-a-5-point-scale-2s3yaq2j.png Figure 1 Example of a 5-point scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-of-mann-whitney-u-test-for-influence-of-the-14cyyitd.png Table 6 Results of Mann-Whitney U test for influence of the mouthfeel parameter on liking (disliked = score 1 or 2; liked = score 3, 4, or 5), and the sensitivity and specificity of the cut off (n=260 adults, n=202 children). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-study-flow-and-assessment-tools-used-for-both-kkn296yd.png Table 2 Study flow and assessment tools used for both children and adults; number of tablets received is reported as children (adults); PROs - participant reported outcomes, RROs - researcher reported outcomes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-child-participant-during-the-palatability-part-ii-7i4249w4.png Figure 2 Child participant during the palatability part (ii) of the study (picture obtained and reproduced with a written parental consent) (A)); left: table set up for an adult participant (B). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-participant-data-collected-in-a-background-12grvdhb.png Table 3 Participant data collected in a background questionnaire. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-spearmans-correlation-coefficient-rs-for-16zj1ydz.png Table 4 Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rs) for palatability parameters (part (ii)); only significant values of at least medium effect size (>0.3) are presented; values with large effect size (>0.5) are shown in bold (number of responses: adults n=260, children n=202). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-five-tablet-samples-in-the-vto8iafo.png Figure 4 Comparison of the five tablet samples in the palatability test – median values for each question are given (score 1 means negative quality, 5 positive quality); A. adults (n=260); B. Children (n=202). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-statistical-data-used-to-evaluate-relationship-g3zvj1ey.png Table 5 Statistical data used to evaluate relationship between participant demographics and collected data; hypotheses in bold showed statistical significance; A – adults, Ch – children, F – female adult, M – male adult, G – girls, B – boys. https://scispace.com/papers/sensory-features-and-physical-chemical-characterization-of-222tvoxrh4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-formulations-of-the-3q9uo0hp.png Table I. Formulations of the https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-difference-intensity-25vgu3lc.png Table II. Difference intensity https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-texture-profile-analysis-n-10-specific-volume-n-3-2g6886gj.png Table IV. Texture profile analysis (n 10), specific volume (n 3) and colour (n 3) of the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-principal-component-analysis-of-chemical-1ywallu9.png Figure 1. Principal component analysis of chemical composition and physical properties of honey breads https://scispace.com/papers/sensory-characteristics-of-commercial-lactose-free-milks-55ags9qw8m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-effect-of-milk-type-based-on-fat-content-on-the-la4tx7r6.png Table 2 1 Effect of milk type (based on fat content) on the descriptive attributes of the milk samples 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-effect-of-processing-lactose-free-and-2driry8u.png Table 3 1 Effect of processing (lactose-free and pasteurization technique) on the descriptive attributes within each milk type (skim, reduced-fat or 2 whole) 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-a-glossary-of-descriptors-used-for-descriptive-1875rc9m.png Table 1 1 A glossary of descriptors used for descriptive sensory 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-mean-scores-for-consumer-data-n-115-for-six-bt8j9fck.png Table 4 1 Mean scores for consumer data (n = 115) for six samples of milk 2 https://scispace.com/papers/sentiment-classification-based-on-supervised-latent-n-gram-2e3ps95mxa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-acronym-legend-1j9oskfj.png Table 4: Acronym legend. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-statistics-for-amazon-and-tripadvisor-data-23o27nc6.png Table 2: Selected statistics for Amazon and TripAdvisor data sets. The table lists the number of reviews for each star rating, as well as for training, testing and validation sets separately. In addition, total number of reviews in each data set is provided. Original dictionary size (|D|) for each data set is listed along with 1-gram (Γ1) and 2-gram (Γ2) vocabulary sizes. All of the numbers listed are obtained from the balanced versions of the datasets, containing equal number of positive and negative reviews. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-error-rate-under-binary-classification-32mkqid6.png Table 3: Average error rate under binary classification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-overall-structure-of-the-proposed-system-23kpc3xd.png Figure 1: The overall structure of the proposed system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-learned-at-each-level-x51vyl2p.png Table 1: Parameters learned at each level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-ordinal-classification-average-error-rate-the-error-1d6wkchv.png Table 6: Ordinal classification average error rate. The error rate for 5 star classification (i.e., including neutral reviews) are provided in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-error-when-using-margin-ranking-loss-for-3huppowt.png Table 5: Average error when using margin ranking loss. For TripAdvisor dataset, the experiments were performed on the data containing neutral reviews. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-testing-error-on-amazon-with-different-training-set-319gpgmv.png Figure 2: Testing error on Amazon with different training set size. https://scispace.com/papers/separability-and-non-individuality-is-it-possible-to-3p4tz3i4dm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-quasi-set-universe-onstands-for-the-class-of-1un41n3p.png Figure 2:The Quasi-Set Universe.Onstands for the class of the ordinals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-fuzzy-seta-of-intelligent-men-there-are-three-3q2a6dik.png Figure 1:The fuzzy setA of intelligent men. There are three cases to consider: (1) the individual John does belong to the fuzzy setA; (2) John does not belong toA, and (3) John ∈λ A, 0 < λ < 1. A fuzzy set is still a collection (yet with borderlines not well defined) ofindividuals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-quasi-sets-either-thenon-individualy-belongs-to-the-23hj4dvq.png Figure 3: Quasi-sets: Either thenon-individualy belongs to the quasi-setA or it does not. Here,y does not act as a name for an individual. Furthermore, permutations of indistinguishablem-atoms generate a quasi-set indistinguishable from the original one. https://scispace.com/papers/separate-clock-network-voltage-for-correcting-random-errors-58ngf0vylz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-of-the-minimal-writable-voltage-of-the-77122hgt.png Fig. 1. Distribution of the minimal writable voltage of the SRAM cells fabricated by the 65-nm technology employed in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulation-setup-for-dffs-in-the-presence-of-ocvs-z3bfftwc.png Fig. 3. Simulation setup for DFFs in the presence of OCVs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-schematic-of-an-scnv-latch-b-layouts-of-the-2fqhwua7.png Fig. 2. (a) Schematic of an SCNV latch. (b) Layouts of the conventional and SCNV clock buffers and CSEs. The VCLK pin used the second-layer metal. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-scnv-dff-characteristics-at-0-45-v-2qfh8gkz.png TABLE II SCNV DFF CHARACTERISTICS AT 0.45 V https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-error-rates-of-scnv-dffs-at-various-temperatures-3qyyecrp.png Fig. 5. Error rates of SCNV DFFs at various temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-fom-plots-of-scnv-dffs-3s865i2e.png Fig. 6. FOM plots of SCNV DFFs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-die-photo-of-the-test-chip-and-the-layout-of-the-scnv-5llqryof.png Fig. 7. Die photo of the test chip and the layout of the SCNV RISC core. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-cumulative-shmoo-plot-of-the-conventional-clocking-1s57l8uy.png Fig. 8. (a) Cumulative shmoo plot of the conventional clocking operation. (b)–(d) Differential shmoo plots, displaying the additional pass numbers after applying the SCNV method. Operating conditions: (b) VCLK = VDD + 50 mV, (c) VCLK = VDD + 100 mV, and (d) VCLK = VDD + 150 mV. https://scispace.com/papers/separate-lanes-for-math-and-reading-in-the-white-matter-1pes163297 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tracts-associated-with-reading-show-faster-proton-3mqk5k6a.png Figure 5. Tracts associated with reading show faster proton relaxation time (T1) than those associated with math in the SLF and the AF. (a-c): T1 measurements for SLF tracts connecting IFG and SMGr in the reading network (green) and PCS and SMGm in the math network (blue). (d-f): T1 measurements for AF tracts connecting the IFG and STS in the reading network (green) and the PCS and ITG in the math network (blue). (g-i): T1 measurements for AF tracts connecting the lOTC conjunction fROI with the IFG in the reading network (green) and the PCS in the math network (blue). Left (a,d,g): Average T1 for reading- and math-related tracts in the SLF and the AF. Bar graph shows mean across subjects ± SEM. *: T1 for math and reading related tracts differs significantly, p<0.05. Middle (b,e,h): Distribution of T1 values across all tracts. Distributions were calculated within each subject and node; the plot shows the mean across all nodes ± SEM. *: Distributions differ significantly, p<0.05. Right (c,f,i): Average T1 for reading- and math-related tracts along the SLF and the AF. Line graph shows mean across subjects ± SEM. Abbreviations: IFG=inferior frontal gyrus, PCS=precentral sulcus, SMGr=reading fROI in supramarginal gyrus, SMGm=math fROI in supramarginal gyrus, STS=superior temporal sulcus, ITG=inferior temporal gyrus, lOTC=lateral occipito-temporal cortex, SLF=superior longitudinal fasciculus, AF=arcuate fasciculus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pairwise-connections-of-the-reading-and-the-math-x1s6f7jq.png Figure 4. Pairwise connections of the reading and the math networks are segregated and parallel in the SLF and the AF. (a-c): SLF tracts connecting IFG and SMGr in the reading network and PCS and SMGm in the math network. (d-f): AF tracts connecting the IFG and STS in the reading network and the PCS and ITG in the math network. (g-h): AF tracts connecting the lOTC fROI identified in the conjunction analysis with both the IFG in the reading network and the PCS in the math network. (a,d,g): Math (blue) and reading (green) tracts of the SLF and AF in a representative individual subject showing the spatial segregation of these tracts. (b,e,h): Euclidean distance in mm (derived from x,y,z coordinates) of all tracts relative to the core (mean) tract, within-network (black) and between-network (maroon). The distance was calculated across all tracts; the plot shows the mean across all nodes ±SEM. * Distributions differ significantly, p<0.05. (c,f,i): Performance of a linear SVM classifying math and reading tracts within the SLF and AF based on their spatial location. Data show mean classification accuracy across nodes ±SEM. Abbreviations: IFG=inferior frontal gyrus, PCS=precentral sulcus, SMGr=reading fROI in supramarginal gyrus, SMGm=math fROI in supramarginal gyrus, STS=superior temporal sulcus, ITG=inferior temporal gyrus, lOTC=lateral occipito-temporal cortex, AF=arcuate fasciculus, SLF=superior longitudinal fasciculus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-functionally-defined-white-matter-tracts-fwmt-of-2fgpyzb8.png Figure 2. Functionally-defined white matter tracts (fWMT) of reading and math related regions. (a) Six fascicles (AF, SLF, pAF, VOF, ILF, and IFOF) contain >90% of all fWMT of the fROIs identified in the reading task. (b) The same six fascicles also contain >90% of all fWMT of the fROIs identified in the math task. (c) The conjunction fROI in the lOTC shows substantial connectivity with the AF and pAF. In (a, b, c): Left: fWMT for each fROI in a representative subject’s left hemisphere. The same subject is displayed in all panels; Fascicles are color coded in accordance with the legend at the bottom. Middle: Bar graphs showing what percentage of the fWMT is associated with each of the six fascicles. The graph shows the mean across subjects ± SEM. Dashed horizontal line: Line is placed at 10%, which was the cut-off used for the schematics in the right columns. Right: Schematic illustration of the fascicles associated with each fROI. The thickness of the lines is derived from the bar graph, showing the relative weight of each fascicle. Abbreviations: IFG=inferior frontal gyrus, PCS=precentral sulcus, SMGr=reading fROI in supramarginal gyrus, SMGm=math fROI in supramarginal gyrus, STS=superior temporal sulcus, ITG=inferior temporal gyrus, OTS=occipito-temporal sulcus, IPS=intraparietal sulcus, lOTC=lateral occipito-temporal cortex, IFOF=inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, ILF=inferior longitudinal fasciculus, SLF=superior longitudinal fasciculus, AF=arcuate fasciculus, pAF=posterior arcuate fasciculus, VOF=vertical occipital fasciculus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-identification-of-gray-matter-regions-of-the-math-baufjb4w.png Figure 1. Identification of gray matter regions of the math and reading networks and their fWMT. (a) FMRI experiment used to define math- and reading-related regions. Subjects viewed morphs between numbers and letters, containing either >80% letter (<20% number) or >80% number (<20% letter) information. At the beginning of each trial, a cue (“Read”/”Add”/”Color”) indicated which task should be performed, then 4 stimuli of the same morph type appeared for 1 sec each, followed by an answer screen presented for 2 secs. Subjects indicated their answer with a button press. Identical stimuli were presented across tasks. Trial structure is shown at the bottom. (b) Gray matter regions of the math and reading networks. Green: Reading-related regions were defined based on higher responses in the reading task than other tasks; Blue: Math-related regions were defined based on higher responses in the adding task than other tasks; Orange: Regions that responded more strongly during reading vs color and adding vs color tasks. All fROIs were defined using a T≥3 (voxel level) threshold in each participant’s brain. (c) Example fROIs and their respective fWMTs in a representative participant’s axial slices. Blue: Math fROIs. Green: Reading fROIs; lighter shades of blue and green under each fROI: respective GWMI of that fROI. The fiber tracts that terminate at the GWMI of each fROI in this slice are shown in pastel colors; the colors of the tracts indicate the main diffusion direction (pink: right/left; light green: anterior/posterior; light blue: superior/inferior). Abbreviations: IFG=inferior frontal gyrus, PCS=precentral sulcus, SMGr=reading fROI in supramarginal gyrus, SMGm=math fROI in supramarginal gyrus, STS=superior temporal sulcus, ITG=inferior temporal gyrus, OTS=occipito-temporal sulcus, IPS=intraparietal sulcus, lOTC=lateral occipito-temporal cortex, fWMT=functionally-defined white matter tracts, GWMI=gray/white matter interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pairwise-fwmt-within-and-between-the-reading-and-3hokjnrd.png Figure 3. Pairwise fWMT within and between the reading and math networks. (a-d) Within-network connections of the reading network. (e-h) Within-network connections of the math network. (i-j) Connections of the conjunction fROI in the lOTC. (m-o) Between-network connections. Left (a,e,i,m): Pairwise white matter connections in a representative subject’s left hemisphere. Second from left (b,f,j,n): Dice coefficient (DC) of pairwise connections, mean across subjects ± SEM. The DC quantifies the overlap in the fWMT of both fROIs: a DC of 1 indicates that all tracts that intersect with the first fROI also intersect with the second fROI, while a DC of 0 indicates no shared tracts. X-labels indicate the fROI pairing. Dashed line: Chance level DC estimated from the average connections to out of network fROIs in ventral temporal cortex that were activated maximally during the color task. *: DC is significantly higher than chance (significance level was Bonferroni adjusted). Second from right in row 1-3 (c,g,k): The relative contribution of six fascicles to the pairwise connections (legend at bottom). X-labels indicate the fROI pairing. Right (d,h,l,o): Schematic illustration of the pairwise connections. Line thickness is scaled proportionally to the DC; Color indicates the fascicle with the highest relative contribution to pairwise connections. Abbreviations: IFG=inferior frontal gyrus, PCS=precentral sulcus, SMGr=reading fROI in supramarginal gyrus, SMGm=math fROI in supramarginal gyrus, STS=superior temporal sulcus, ITG=inferior temporal gyrus, OTS=occipito-temporal sulcus, IPS=intraparietal sulcus, lOTC=lateral occipito-temporal cortex, IFOF=inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, ILF=inferior longitudinal fasciculus, SLF=superior longitudinal fasciculus, AF=arcuate fasciculus, pAF=posterior arcuate fasciculus, VOF=vertical occipital fasciculus. https://scispace.com/papers/separating-predicted-randomness-from-residual-behavior-52j4ybiczi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-ims-versus-ihm-34dsuofp.png Table 8. IMS versus IHM https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-a-stochastic-choice-function-r-121s98n5.png Table 5. A stochastic choice function ρ https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-and-maximal-separations-2rxitiuo.png Table 2. Data and Maximal Separations https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-forecasting-results-of-maximal-separation-and-3bvjiwzq.png Table 4. Forecasting Results of Maximal Separation and Maximum Likelihood https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-summary-statistics-for-the-forecasting-results-for-lxnzkmt1.png Table 7. Summary Statistics for the Forecasting Results for the 3- and 5-Option Menus https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lotteries-1xkkspru.png Table 1. Lotteries https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-pdet-and-ptremble-3g6z5j4t.png Table 6. PDET and PTremble https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-maximal-separation-and-maximum-likelihood-ohgcepp4.png Table 3. Maximal Separation and Maximum Likelihood https://scispace.com/papers/separating-the-business-cycle-from-other-economic-1cbnnbv54r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-decomposition-of-sources-of-variation-in-output-du0z97a6.png Table 1. Decomposition of Sources of Variation in Output Growth, 1948-2002 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-realized-real-return-on-one-year-treasury-bills-2ynpedlc.png Figure 6. Realized Real Return on One-Year Treasury Bills, 1954-2004 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-unemployment-rate-adjusted-for-age-composition-1948-3i9p2sf3.png Figure 5. Unemployment Rate, Adjusted for Age Composition, 1948-2004 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-realized-marginal-rate-of-substitution-1948-2001-pbropqsn.png Figure 10. Realized Marginal Rate of Substitution, 1948-2001 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-realized-real-return-on-the-s-p-500-1947-2004-dhhvo0xv.png Figure 9. Realized Real Return on the S&P 500, 1947-2004 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-detrended-components-of-output-growth-1948-2002-3ki9fywv.png Figure 2. Detrended Components of Output Growth, 1948-2002 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-volatility-of-macro-variables-1948-2002-7ekiw89m.png Table 2. Volatility of Macro Variables, 1948-2002 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-deviations-of-log-real-gdp-around-a-linear-trend-3av3vc1h.png Figure 3. Deviations of Log Real GDP around a Linear Trend https://scispace.com/papers/separation-identification-and-quantitation-of-ceramides-in-3x5ykslkx0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ms-ms-spectrum-of-c-ceramide-16-4vfcmn65.png Fig. 3. MS–MS spectrum of C ceramide.16 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ms-spectra-of-c-c-and-c-ceramides-16-18-20-13m4ofta.png Fig. 1. MS spectra of C , C and C ceramides.16 18 20 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mrm-chromatogram-of-endogenous-ceramides-by-lc-esi-ms-3p3bhjc8.png Fig. 5. MRM chromatogram of endogenous ceramides by LC–ESI-MS–MS in four cancer cell lines, HCT116 (colon), MCF7 A/Z (breast), U937 (lymphoid), Ovcar (ovarian). Time scale in minutes. https://scispace.com/papers/separation-kernel-robustness-testing-the-xtratum-case-study-38ryd7enj1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-data-type-test-value-set-example-192iqvb0.png TABLE II. DATA TYPE TEST-VALUE-SET EXAMPLE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-xtratum-test-campaign-distribution-2zxnx32y.png Figure 8. XtratuM test campaign distribution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-example-of-fault-masking-3j458qdi.png Figure 7. Example of fault masking https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-robustness-testing-top-level-methodolgy-aleg4ghx.png Figure 1. Robustness testing top-level methodolgy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-methodology-to-generating-the-test-partition-4lfbwr59.png Figure 4. Methodology to generating the test partition https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-shows-the-flow-logic-to-generate-the-test-partition-2fvn1r46.png Figure 4. Methodology to generating the test partition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-generation-of-the-mutant-source-13tynzhf.png Figure 5. Generation of the mutant source https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-xtratum-data-types-37b37i9j.png TABLE I. XTRATUM DATA TYPES https://scispace.com/papers/separation-of-the-minor-actinides-americium-iii-and-curium-4zhuq2wxyk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hydrophobic-bis-124-triazine-ligands-1-5-for-jionci7z.png Figure 1. Hydrophobic bis-1,2,4-triazine ligands 1–5 for selective actinide extraction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-selective-extraction-of-am-iii-over-cm-iii-from-1-m-2n67qhnc.png Figure 4. Selective extraction of Am(III) over Cm(III) from 1 M nitric acid by solutions of CyMe4-BTPhen 3 in 1-octanol (0.001 M) as a function of contact time (■ = DAm, ▲ = DCm, = SFAm/Cm, mixing at 1800 rpm, T = 22 oC). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-extraction-of-am-iii-and-cm-iii-from-0-28-m-nitric-3ktoqinq.png Figure 13. Extraction of Am(III) and Cm(III) from 0.28 M nitric acid by solutions of TODGA (0.2 M) in 1-octanol/kerosene (5:95) in the absence and presence of hydrophilic sulfonated bis(1,2,4)-triazine ligands 7–10 (0.01 M) in the aqueous phase (dashed blue bar = DAm, clear red bar = DCm, = SFCm/Am, contact time = 6 hours at 250 rpm, T = 22 oC). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-separation-factors-for-am-iii-over-cm-39l43h1x.png Table 1. Summary of the separation factors for Am(III) over Cm(III) (SFAm/Cm, for hydrophobic ligands) and Cm(III) over Am(III) (SFCm/Am, for hydrophilic ligands) observed with BTPhen ligands. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hydrophilic-tetrasulfonated-bis-124-triazine-3ij0z9un.png Figure 2. Hydrophilic tetrasulfonated bis-1,2,4-triazine ligands 6–10 for selective actinide aqueous complexation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-selective-extraction-of-am-iii-over-cm-iii-from-1wm832y5.png Figure 3. Selective extraction of Am(III) over Cm(III) from nitric acid by solutions of CyMe4BTPhen 3 in 1-octanol (0.001 M) as a function of the initial nitric acid concentration of the aqueous phase (■ = DAm, ▲ = DCm, = SFAm/Cm, contact time = 2 hours at 1800 rpm, T = 22 oC). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-selective-extraction-of-am-iii-over-cm-iii-from-2-4-1ontm5mg.png Figure 6. Selective extraction of Am(III) over Cm(III) from 2.4 M nitric acid by 0.005 M solutions of CyMe4-BTPhen 3 in 1-octanol/toluene (40:60) as a function of contact time (■ = DAm, ▲ = DCm, = SFAm/Cm, mixing at 250 rpm, T = 22 oC). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-selective-extraction-of-am-iii-over-cm-iii-from-1-m-u7gvpms0.png Figure 9. Selective extraction of Am(III) over Cm(III) from 1 M nitric acid by solutions of CyMe4-BTPhen 3 in cyclohexanone (0.005 M) as a function of contact time (■ = DAm, ▲ = DCm, = SFAm/Cm, mixing at 250 rpm, T = 20 ± 1 oC). https://scispace.com/papers/seqpip-2020-sequence-based-protein-interaction-prediction-13os92yff4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-evaluation-on-best-4-methods-of-seqpip-9yt1mt8k.png Table 2 Performance evaluation on best 4 methods of SeqPIP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-seqpip-2020-competition-dataset-details-c1-c2-and-c3-1wncp8bp.png Table 1 SeqPIP-2020 competition dataset details (C1, C2 and C3 are the three subsets of testset). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-data-preparation-a-protein-c5bxrcfq.png Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of data preparation. A) protein interaction network with PPI (red edges) and NPPI (blue edges). B) Selected Train set with the set of nodes (P1, P2, P3, P4, P9, P10), All the nodes in trainset are marked with yellow color (from B to E). C) Test set C1, with the set of nodes (P2, P3, P4, P9, P10), D) Test set C2, with the set of nodes (P3, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9). E) Test set C3, with the set of nodes (P5, P6, P7, P8). All three test classes ensure that they have not shared any exact pair (same edge) with the trainset. C1 has component level overlapping as well as pair (both components) sharing as both train and C1 shares P3, P2, P4, P9 and P10. For example, both proteins P3 and P9 from pair P3-P9 in C1 is also present in the trainset, and similarly for pair P2-P10, P4-P9. In C2, only one protein node is shared between train and test set. For example, in pair, P9-P5, P3-P5 only one node from each pair is shared such as P9, P3 respectively. In C3, no edges and nodes are shared between train and test set. https://scispace.com/papers/sequence-based-anytime-control-44e6niss1a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-empirical-cost-achieved-when-controlling-the-nonlinear-2evcc7wf.png Fig. 4. Empirical cost achieved when controlling the nonlinear plant model (63) with the proposed anytime algorithms and the baseline algorithm (4), as a function of τ , the execution time required to calculate one control input, see (62). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-step-3-of-algorithm-a2-164rzyt0.png Fig. 3. Step 3 of Algorithm A2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-anytime-control-structure-with-internal-buffer-state-b-lah1dzc7.png Fig. 1. Anytime control structure with internal buffer state b(k). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-limiting-the-maximum-buffer-size-for-the-26zeqvuw.png Fig. 6. Effect of limiting the maximum buffer size for the model (64) with a = 1.7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-algorithm-a1-1hu6i4hx.png Fig. 2. Algorithm A1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-performance-improvement-using-algorithms-a1-and-a2-39h6vwrk.png Fig. 5. Performance improvement using algorithms A1 and A2 when compared to the baseline algorithm (4), for the model (64). https://scispace.com/papers/sequence-based-anytime-control-m2bjgplqhn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-empirical-cost-achieved-when-controlling-the-nonlinear-110am2c1.png Fig. 4. Empirical cost achieved when controlling the nonlinear plant model (63) with the proposed anytime algorithms and the baseline algorithm (4), as a function of τ , the execution time required to calculate one control input, see (62). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-step-3-of-algorithm-a2-1c62mmm1.png Fig. 3. Step 3 of Algorithm A2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-anytime-control-structure-with-internal-buffer-state-b-1d7a55g8.png Fig. 1. Anytime control structure with internal buffer state b(k). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-limiting-the-maximum-buffer-size-for-the-2xi5c967.png Fig. 6. Effect of limiting the maximum buffer size for the model (64) with a = 1.7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-algorithm-a1-11k902os.png Fig. 2. Algorithm A1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-performance-improvement-using-algorithms-a1-and-a2-2td8q229.png Fig. 5. Performance improvement using algorithms A1 and A2 when compared to the baseline algorithm (4), for the model (64). https://scispace.com/papers/sequence-dependent-thermodynamics-of-a-coarse-grained-dna-1v37ixfesp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-extension-of-50-nucleotide-single-stranded-dna-at-25-170qrxs9.png FIG. 7. (a) Extension of 50-nucleotide single-stranded DNA at 25 ◦C as a function of applied force. In all panels, blue circles correspond to a poly(dA) sequence (strongest stacking in our model), while red squares correspond to a poly(dGdA) sequence (weakest stacking). The inset in (a) shows a magnified section of the force-extension curve for low forces. (b) Stacking probability of a neighbor pair as a function of the applied force F. (c) Average length of a stacked domain 〈l〉 as a function of applied force F. The open circles and crosses show 〈l〉uncoop as predicted by the uncooperative stacking model (Eq. (11)) using 〈Pst〉 as measured for poly(dA) and poly(dGdA), respectively. (d) Visualization of a 50-base long poly(dA) ssDNA under a tension F = 15 pN, showing multiple stacked regions with helical geometry. The arrows indicate the applied force on the first and the last base. (e) Poly(dGdA) strand under a tension of 15 pN, consisting of short stacked regions as well as unstacked ones. (f) Magnified section of ssDNA illustrates that three stacked bases can align with the applied force without disrupting the stacking interaction. The contour length dz, aligned with the force, is larger than the axial rise daxis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-histogram-shows-the-performance-of-the-fitted-dna-3b6ax98p.png FIG. 3. The histogram shows the performance of the fitted DNA coarsegrained model for the set of 95 958 test sequences. Tm is the difference between the melting temperature predicted by the coarse-grained model and by the SL model. The blue dashed curve corresponds to a model where only hydrogen-bonding interactions were parametrized and the red curve corresponds to the model where the stacking interactions are also sequencedependent (using values from Table I). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-hairpin-melting-temperatures-as-predicted-by-our-1jpp7diu.png FIG. 6. Hairpin melting temperatures as predicted by our coarse-grained DNA model as a function of stacking strength within the loop. We use a sequence GGGTT-(X)25-AACCC, where X is taken to stack as A with other bases, and with stacking strength ηXX with itself. The sequence is specified in 3′–5′ direction. The predicted melting temperature for the SL model is 37.8 ◦C. The inset shows stacking probability 〈Pst〉 within the loop region in the hairpin state (circles) and single-stranded case (squares) as a function of stacking strength ηXX. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-melting-temperatures-versus-duplex-length-as-2hscyxyd.png FIG. 1. (a) Melting temperatures versus duplex length as predicted by SantaLucia’s nearest neighbor model47 for a duplex consisting of poly(dA):poly(dT), poly(dAdT):poly(dTdA), poly(dC):poly(dG), or poly(dCdG):poly(dGdC) and an average sequence. (b) Maximum (circles) and average (squares) difference in melting temperature for strands with nucleotide positions randomly permuted. The terminal base pairs are kept the same, thus neutralizing different end effects. Data were generated by selecting 50 000 random sequences at each length and permuting each 5000 times. The differences show the importance of the order of the nucleotides in the sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-effects-of-sequence-dependence-on-the-structure-of-obmg0l7j.png FIG. 8. Effects of sequence dependence on the structure of kissing hairpins. (a) Typical structure found in both the average and sequence-dependent parametrization, with 14 intramolecular base pairs. (b) Second free energy minimum found only in the sequence-dependent parametrization, with 9 intramolecular base pairs. Please note the exposed bases—not present in (a)— that can be used as a toehold by the catalyst strand to initiate displacement. (c) Free energy profile for binding with the two parametrizations, with the sequence-dependent one exhibiting a second minimum corresponding to the structure depicted in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-figure-shows-schematically-the-interactions-3j49ms1s.png FIG. 2. The figure shows schematically the interactions between nucleotides in the coarse-grained DNA model for two strands in a duplex. All nucleotides also interact with a repulsive excluded volume interactions. The coaxial stacking interaction is not shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-the-stacking-probability-calculated-as-the-fraction-145nv8pw.png FIG. 4. (a) The stacking probability, calculated as the fraction of time in the stacked state, varies with temperature and is heterogeneous along the sequence. Circles correspond to the strongest stacking term, CG (underscored with dotted line in sequence), while squares correspond to the weakest stacking step, AT (underscored with a dashed line in the sequence). Diamonds correspond to the average of all the stacking along the sequence. (b) A typical single stranded configuration at 45 ◦C. The first two bases on the left are unstacked. The strand has three stacked regions, which adopt a helical geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-free-energy-profiles-for-three-different-duplexes-of-2yk7ukf6.png FIG. 5. Free energy profiles for three different duplexes of length 12 as a function of the number of complementary (native) base pairs of the two strands. The simulations for each duplex were run at their respective melting temperatures, namely 48 ◦C, 73 ◦C, and 80 ◦C. https://scispace.com/papers/sequence-specific-self-sorting-of-the-binding-sites-of-a-3g39h9lads 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-1h-nmr-spectra-400-mhz-25-8c-d2o-of-a-axle-a-3ddptone.png Figure 2. The 1H NMR spectra (400 MHz, 25 8C, D2O) of a) Axle A+ CB8; b) 10 min later after addition of 2 equiv CB6 to (a); c) 2 h later after addition of 2 equiv CB6 to (a); d) 24 h later after addition of 2 equiv CB6 to (a); e) 96 h later after addition of 2 equiv CB6 to (a). Rectangle and sphere denote protons from hetero[4]pseudorotaxane and [3]pseudorotaxane respectively; the peak at d=3.25 ppm is assigned to MeOH residue. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-1h-nmr-spectra-400-mhz-25-8c-d2o-of-a-axle-a-b-mfpxfulh.png Figure 1. The 1H NMR spectra (400 MHz, 25 8C, D2O) of a) Axle A ; b) Axle A+2CB6; c) Axle A+CB7; d) Axle A+1CB8 (the peak at d= 2.2 ppm is assigned to acetone). https://scispace.com/papers/sequence-selective-naked-eye-detection-of-dna-harnessing-5e3j9akbyf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-detection-limit-identification-by-processing-of-18pkzm2a.png Figure 3. (A) Detection limit identification by processing of dT*TP with KlenTaq DNA polymerase at 37 C in the presence of different concentrations of template (TA), followed by RCA and hybridisation with G-quadruplex DNAzymes. Signal identification via peroxidase-like activity of the complex hemin/hybridised Gquadruplex DNA strand. Concentration template TA: test tube I: 100 nM; test tube II: 10 nM; test tube III: 1 nM; test tube IV: 0.1 nM. Control experiment: test tube C: 100 nM template TA, experiment performed without dT*TP. The pictures were taken after 1 h. (B) ABTS absorption at 420 nm recorded in function of the time after addition of hemin, ABTS2 , and H2O2 in caco. KTD buffer 10 mM to the beads. The time points were taken after: 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 min. Concentration canonical template (TA): 100 nM (I, 3 pmol, black line), 10 nM (II, 0.3 pmol, red line), 1 nM (III, 30 fmol, blue line), 0.1 nM (IV, 3 fmol, magenta line), and control (C, green line). (C) Partial DNA sequence of primer and template. Discrimination experiments: template TA/template TT (sequences details Supplementary information). Template TA concentrations: test tubes Ia (100 nM), IIa (10 nM), and IIIa (1 nM); template TT: test tubes Ib (100 nM), IIb (10 nM), and IIIb (1 nM). The pictures were taken after 1 h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-same-as-figure-1-without-rca-b-detection-limit-3fu2ggie.png Figure 2. (A) Same as Figure 1 without RCA. (B) Detection limit identification by processing of dT*TP with KF exo DNA polymerase at 37 C in the presence of different concentrations of template (TA). Signal identification via peroxidase-like activity of the complex hemin/hybridised G-quadruplex DNA strand. Concentration template TA: test tube I: 400 nM; test tube II: 100 nM; test tube III: 50 nM; test tube IV: 10 nM. Control experiment: test tube C: 400 nM template TA, experiment performed without dT*TP. The pictures were taken after 1 h. (C) ABTS absorption at 420 nm recorded in function of the time after addition of hemin, ABTS2 , and H2O2 in caco. KTD buffer 10 mM to the beads. The time points were taken after: 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 min. Concentration canonical template (TA): 400 nM (I, 12 pmol, black line), 100 nM (II, 3 pmol, red line), 50 nM (III, 1.5 pmol, blue line), 10 nM (IV, 0.3 pmol, magenta line), and control (C, green line). (D) Partial DNA sequence of primer and template. Discrimination experiments: template TA/ template TT (sequences details see Supporting information). Template TA concentrations: test tubes Ia (400 nM), IIa (100 nM), and IIIa (50 nM); template TT: test tubes Ib (400 nM), IIb (100 nM), and IIIb (50 nM). The pictures were taken after 1 h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-concept-of-the-assay-primers-are-35s0asky.png Figure 1. Schematic concept of the assay: Primers are immobilized on beads. The hybridisation of the primer to the target DNA template allows the sequence selective incorporation of the ODN-modified nucleotide (dT*TP). After washing steps, the isothermal amplification is performed in the presence of a circular template that binds to its complementary ODN strand and enables the extension of the complementary primer by multiple copies. For signal generation, the beads are incubated with the G-quadruplex DNAzyme sequence, and after washing steps the addition of hemin, ABTS2 , and H2O2 will induce the signal generation only in cases where the ODN-modified nucleotide was incorporated. https://scispace.com/papers/sequencing-red-fox-y-chromosome-fragments-to-develop-58gqn3loqq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-y-chromosome-haplotypes-of-19-male-red-foxes-and-an-2vbytogq.png Table 1. Y chromosome haplotypes of 19 male red foxes and an ancestral node inferred from orthologous positions in Canis and Urocyon, which are composed of 31 variable sites discovered 31,624 bp of Y chromosome sequence. We also designed a genotyping assay for 13 of the loci (first 13 from left to right). Eighteen male red foxes were sequenced, including 9 foxes that were also genotyped (*), and 1 fox was genotyped but not sequenced (**). One locus (20_349AT) that amplified in 14 of 19 females was excluded from this table. None of the other 13 genotyped loci consistently amplified in females, although we observed a low (3.5%) false-positive rate. Genotype and sequencing calls matched 100% of the time. Two foxes that were genotyped but not sequenced have missing data (X) across all non-assayed sites. https://scispace.com/papers/sequential-auctions-with-informational-externalities-and-s3y4z3l0gu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-price-ratio-as-a-function-of-the-information-435ru97i.png Fig. 2: Price ratio as a function of the information externality parameter b https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-price-ratio-with-no-informational-externalities-as-a-2qpwb52m.png Fig. 1: Price ratio with no informational externalities as a function of A = a(N 2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-price-ratio-in-the-data-sxm5938x.png Table 1: Price ratio in the data https://scispace.com/papers/sequential-blind-source-separation-based-exclusively-on-4oyl34f2w9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-computational-complexity-of-the-proposed-algorithm-ve4rvscp.png TABLE II COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY OF THE PROPOSED ALGORITHM AS COMPARED WITH EASI AND SOBI ALGORITHMS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-behavior-of-the-proposed-algorithm-as-a-function-of-3umbwzpt.png Fig. 11. Behavior of the proposed algorithm as a function of the error in the selection of the lag . The plots show the mean and standard deviation of the PI value achieved at convergence, denoted as PI , over 100 independent trials. The upper plot shows the results obtained when an error varying between 0% to 10%, in steps of 0.25%, is present, while the lower plot illustrates performance when the error varies between 0% to 1%, in steps of 0.05%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-original-source-signals-s-k-and-s-k-and-mixed-signals-2iqjcvhc.png Fig. 1. Original source signals (s (k) and s (k)) and mixed signals (x (k) and x (k)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-signals-recovered-with-the-algorithm-38-showing-fetal-bt95194w.png Fig. 10. Signals recovered with the algorithm (38), showing fetal components https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-eight-channel-cutaneous-potential-recording-from-a-y1p0y62f.png Fig. 9. Eight-channel cutaneous potential recording from a pregnant woman. The signals denoted x (t)–x (t) were recorded from the abdominal area, while the lowermost recordings x (t)–x (t) were obtained from the thoracic area. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-indexes-obtained-with-the-algorithm-37-and-23llrk0u.png Fig. 4. Performance indexes obtained with the algorithm (37) and with the EASI algorithm (40) (uppermost plot), and scatter plots of the output signals. The middle plots show the scatter plots of the sources separated with the proposed periodic BSS algorithm (right) and with EASI (left) for all the samples, while the lowermost plots represent the scatter plots of the sources recovered with the two algorithms for samples 500 to 5000. Note that only a single trial is conducted in this simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scatter-plots-of-the-source-signals-upper-plot-the-iieulcry.png Fig. 3. Scatter plots of the source signals (upper plot), the mixtures (lower left plot), and the mixtures following decorrelation (lower right plot). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-decorrelated-mixtures-y-k-and-y-k-and-signals-1kahqwlw.png Fig. 2. Decorrelated mixtures (y (k) and y (k)), and signals recovered with the EASI algorithm (y (k) and y (k)), and with the algorithm (37) (y (k) https://scispace.com/papers/sequencing-through-thick-and-thin-historiographical-and-124qwjt4ov 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-physical-map-of-12-pig-chromosomes-depicting-the-l0q32pyq.png Figure 3 - Physical map of 12 pig chromosomes depicting the exact positions of markers. In the early 1990s, ‘physical’ and ‘cytogenetic’ were both used for this form of work. The map is from a 1995 paper authored by key participants in the European Commission funded PiGMaP consortium, together with collaborators outside Europe (Yerle et al., 1995). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-simplified-depiction-of-the-two-chief-approaches-19z3oegg.png Figure 1 - A simplified depiction of the two chief approaches to genomics during and after the human genome project. On the left is the hierarchical map-based shotgun approach, which uses a physical map to produce a minimum tiling path to inform which Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) clones to sequence and consequently assemble into contigs. BACs and their yeast equivalent YACs are fragments of DNA sequences – clones – stored within the plasmids (circular DNA) of microorganisms. On the right is the whole genome shotgun approach in which the DNA is sheared into fragments, which are sequenced, and then assembled through high-powered computation to calculate the probabilities of overlaps between fragments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparative-map-depicting-the-18-distinct-porcine-1yikgatm.png Figure 4 - Comparative map depicting the 18 distinct porcine non-sex chromosomes, with equivalent parts of human nonsex chromosomes indicated adjacently (Meyers et al, 2005). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-diagram-illustrating-the-principles-of-the-1tuoj8s6.png Figure 9 - Diagram illustrating the principles of the distinction between thin and thick sequencing, through an illustrative but not exhaustive or necessarily representative depiction of the institutions (in bold) and individuals or groups involved in different activities related to the sequencing of the pig genome. Red lines indicate institutional affiliation, the dates given are those for the activities associated with the production of the Sscrofa10.2 assembly, and black dotted lines indicate involvement in activities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-alan-archibald-depicted-in-his-office-at-the-roslin-1hcv5qn2.png Figure 5 - Alan Archibald depicted in his office at the Roslin Institute. On the left screen he has a pdf document depicting the pig-human comparative map shown in figure 5. On the right screen he has the Sscrofa11.1 genome assembly open in a genome browser. He used the comparative map to identify equivalent regions in the human genome to the parts of the pig genome where gaps still exist, to indicate what may have caused problems in the assembly and thus identify which BAC clones to order and re-sequence. Photograph taken by author, 25th May 2017. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-linkage-maps-for-three-pig-chromosomes-taken-from-a-106n0qsa.png Figure 2 - Linkage maps for three pig chromosomes, taken from a 1995 paper authored by key participants in the European Commission funded PiGMaP consortium, together with collaborators outside Europe (Archibald et al., 1995). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-genome-assemblies-for-the-pig-submitted-to-genbank-rjrxuwv4.png Figure 6 - Genome assemblies for the pig submitted to GenBank. As GenBank is based in the USA, the date format is MM/DD/YYYY. Table adapted from the GenBank website: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/organism/9823/all/ Accessed 09/07/2018. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-annotated-region-of-chromosome-7-of-sscrofa10-2-in-12i6d6zb.png Figure 7 - Annotated region of chromosome 7 of Sscrofa10.2 in the Ensembl browser. This is just one part of the visualisations depicted on the browser page for this region. This summary displays genes and contigs. The more detailed one is capable of depicting multiple tracks pertaining to different kinds of data, and allows the user to zoom in until the order of bases in the sequence can be shown. This particular image is obtained from: http://may2017.archive.ensembl.org/Sus_scrofa/Location/View?r=7%3A60107914-60305245 Accessed 20.10.2017. https://scispace.com/papers/sequential-design-for-achieving-estimated-accuracy-of-global-hifx8nvq2j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sensitivities-for-example-1-after-convergence-with-2wmjacav.png Table 2: Sensitivities for Example 1 after Convergence with Automatic Stopping: The sensitivity corresponding to each row entry is shown in the first column (Row Label). Note here that Si is the first order sensitivity of variable i and STi is the total sensitivity of variable i. The second column is the lower bound for the mean sensitivity, SLi = Si −∆e. The third column is the mean sensitivity, Si, averaged over 5 processing steps. The fourth column is the upper bound for the mean sensitivity, SUi = Si +∆e. The fifth column is the total error, ∆e = ee + 2se(Si). The sixth column is twice the standard error for the sensitivity, 2se(Si). The seventh column is the emulator error, ee, for the sensitivity. The last column is the true sensitivity, Sact. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-graphs-showing-convergence-of-sensitivities-for-39p2mir5.png Figure 9: Graphs Showing Convergence of Sensitivities for Example 1 with Automatic Stopping: The x-axis is the training point size. The y-axis is the sensitivity. The sensitivities are S1, ST1, S2, ST2, S3, ST3, S4, ST4 where the Si are the first order sensitivities for variable i, STi are the total sensitivities of variable i, the ‘S’s are the mean sensitivity estimates at each processing step converging to the horizontal straight black line which is the actual sensitivity, the irregular red (dark) lines are the standard deviations which stabilize as the training point size increases, the green (gray) lines are the emulator errors which decrease as the training point size increases, and the black dashed lines are the sensitivities plus and minus the standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sensitivities-after-convergence-the-sensitivity-gj4aeiyj.png Table 1: Sensitivities after Convergence: The sensitivity corresponding to each row entry is shown in the first column (Row Label). Note here that Si is the first order sensitivity of variable i and STi is the total sensitivity of variable i. The second column is the lower bound for the mean sensitivity, SLi = Si −∆e. The third column is the mean sensitivity, Si, averaged over 5 processing steps. The fourth column is the upper bound for the mean sensitivity, SUi = Si + ∆e. The fifth column is the total error, ∆e = ee + 2se(Si). The sixth column is twice the standard error for the sensitivity, 2se(Si). The seventh column is the emulator error, ee, for the sensitivity. The last column is the actual sensitivity, Sact. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-graphs-showing-convergence-of-sensitivities-for-1q5zaqh3.png Figure 11: Graphs Showing Convergence of Sensitivities for the Lockwood Pump-and-Treat Problem with Automatic Stopping: The x-axis is the training point size. The y-axis is the sensitivity. The sensitivities are S1, ST1, S2, ST2, S3, ST3, S5, ST5, S6, ST6, S7, ST7, where the Si are the first order sensitivities and STi are the total sensitivities, the ‘S’s are the mean sensitivity estimates at each processing step which are converging in value, the red (gray) solid lines are the standard deviations which show relative stability, the blue dotted lines are the emulator errors which have remained small throughout for this application, and the black dashed lines are the sensitivities plus and minus the standard deviation. A larger predicted sample size and more iterations per processing step would show much less fluctuation, although these fluctuations are within the tolerances used for convergence. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sensitivities-for-pumping-rates-after-convergence-157v7r5a.png Table 3: Sensitivities for Pumping Rates after Convergence with Automatic Stopping: The sensitivity corresponding to each row entry is shown in the first column (Row Label). Si is the first order sensitivity of variable i and STi is the total sensitivity. The second column is the lower bound for the mean sensitivity, SLi = Si − ∆e. The third column is the mean sensitivity, Si, averaged over 5 processing steps. The fourth column is the upper bound for the mean sensitivity, SUi = Si +∆e. The fifth column is the total error, ∆e = ee + 2se(Si). The sixth column is twice the standard error for the sensitivity, 2se(Si). The seventh column is the emulator error, ee, for the sensitivity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-indicator-4-absolute-value-of-mean-errors-test-the-1e0mq4rf.png Figure 7: Indicator 4 - Absolute Value of Mean Errors Test: The x-axis is the point count for the sampled points. The y-axis is the absolute value of the “simulated” error for these points. The vertical blue dashed line at 50 is the lower bound for testing the mean absolute error and the vertical red (solid) line is the upper bound or last error. The horizontal orange dashed line is the error limit. The horizontal green (gray solid) line is the actual mean of the errors between the two bounds. In this illustration the test for mean errors has passed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graphs-showing-convergence-of-global-sensitivities-2ae0v6hc.png Figure 2: Graphs Showing Convergence of Global Sensitivities: The x-axis is the training point size. The y-axis is the sensitivity. The sensitivities are S1, ST1, S2, ST2, S3, ST3, S4, ST4 where the Si are the first order sensitivities for variable i, STi are the total sensitivities of variable i, the ‘S’s are the mean sensitivity estimates at each processing step converging to the straight horizontal black line which is the actual sensitivity, the dark irregular (red) lines near the bottom of the graphs are the standard deviations which stabilize as the training point size increases, the light gray (green) lines near the bottom of each graph are the emulator errors which decrease as the training point size increases, and the dashed black lines are the sensitivities plus and minus the standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-indicator-1-test-for-sensitivity-trending-the-x-2ka31869.png Figure 4: Indicator 1 - Test for Sensitivity Trending: The x-axis is the processing step number. The y-axis is the mean sensitivity. The mean sensitivities are shown as ‘o’s at each processing step. The red dashed line is the regression line for the mean sensitivities. A slope equivalent to the green (solid) line or below indicates no trending for the mean sensitivities. In this example, the trend test has failed since there is a positive trend to the sensitivity. https://scispace.com/papers/sequential-fragmentation-transport-theory-pyroclast-size-1af922jxtr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lithofacies-symbols-modified-from-branney-and-lym1bgz8.png Table 1: Lithofacies symbols (modified from Branney and Kokelaar, 2002). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relative-componentry-data-for-ash-fall-samples-3gck6hth.png Table 2: Relative componentry data for ash fall samples (unpublished data courtesy of Benjamin Andrews, Smithsonian Institute). https://scispace.com/papers/sequential-halving-applied-to-trees-4azzs1km35 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-times-of-shot-versus-time-of-uct-for-nogo-1rmvqj8x.png TABLE 2 Times of SHOT versus time of UCT for Nogo. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tuning-the-uct-constant-against-shot-with-the-same-285lylog.png TABLE 1 Tuning the UCT constant against SHOT with the same number of playouts as UCT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-scalability-of-shot-versus-scalability-of-uct-for-np9j3c4g.png TABLE 4 Scalability of SHOT versus scalability of UCT for Nogo. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-nodes-used-by-shot-2h00jqks.png TABLE 3 Number of nodes used by SHOT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-shot-versus-uct-with-same-thinking-times-cquft6wo.png TABLE 5 SHOT versus UCT with same thinking times. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sequential-halving-for-four-possible-moves-and-a-1ypmqowg.png Fig. 1. Sequential Halving for four possible moves and a budget of sixty-four playouts https://scispace.com/papers/sequential-model-based-optimization-for-general-algorithm-1w3qypvqr3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-visual-comparison-of-configuration-procedures-for-2gqau6hb.png Fig. 5. Visual comparison of configuration procedures for general algorithm configuration scenarios. For each configurator and scenario, we show boxplots for the runtime data underlying Table 2, for the full configuration space (discretized for FOCUSEDILS). ‘S’ stands for SMAC, ‘R’ for ROAR, ‘F’ for FOCUSEDILS, and ‘G’ for GGA. FOCUSEDILS does not apply for the full configuration space, denoted by “—”. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-steps-of-smbo-for-the-optimization-of-a-1d-tdkbg79s.png Fig. 1. Two steps of SMBO for the optimization of a 1D function. The true function is shown as a solid line, and the circles denote our observations. The dotted line denotes the mean prediction of a noise-free Gaussian process model (the “DACE” model), with the grey area denoting its uncertainty. Expected improvement (scaled for visualization) is shown as a dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-algorithm-configuration-procedures-for-k5ih4ww5.png Table 1. Comparison of algorithm configuration procedures for optimizing parameters on single problem instances. We performed 25 independent runs of each configuration procedure and report the median of the 25 test performances (mean runtimes across 1 000 target algorithm runs with the found configurations). We bold-faced entries for configurators that are not significantly worse than the best configurator for the respective configuration space, based on a Mann-Whitney U test. The symbol “—” denotes that the configurator does not apply for this configuration space. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-visual-comparison-of-configuration-procedures-r58tl0is.png Fig. 4. Visual comparison of configuration procedures’ performance for setting SAPS and SPEAR’s parameters for single instances. For each configurator and scenario, we show boxplots for the 25 test performances underlying Table 1, for the full configuration space (discretized for FOCUSEDILS). ‘S’ stands for SMAC, ‘P’ for SMAC(PP), ‘T’ for TB-SPO, ‘R’ for ROAR, ‘F’ for FOCUSEDILS, and ‘G’ for GGA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-algorithm-configuration-procedures-for-2vdashqx.png Table 2. Comparison of algorithm configuration procedures for benchmarks with multiple instances. We performed 25 independent runs of each configuration procedure and report the median of the 25 test performances (mean runtimes across 1 000 target algorithm runs with the found configurations on a test set disjoint from the training set). We bold-face entries for configurators that are not significantly worse than the best configurator for the respective configuration space, based on a Mann-Whitney U test. https://scispace.com/papers/sequential-order-of-the-binding-communication-paradigm-a-26gf3qfo6u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-values-for-behavioral-intention-and-amplitude-3b7b26zj.png Table 1 Mean values for behavioral intention and amplitude for reducing driving speed https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-persuasive-message-taken-from-the-restez-motard-a-2luvdqrg.png Figure 1 Persuasive message taken from the “Restez motard, à moto [Remain a biker, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-persuasive-message-taken-from-the-campaign-remain-a-1ns0j982.png Figure 1 Persuasive message taken from the “Restez motard, à moto [Remain a biker, https://scispace.com/papers/sequential-nanopatterned-block-copolymer-self-assembly-on-1vpf39447h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-map-of-the-predicted-dot-overlap-for-double-layer-11mq3oax.png Figure 6. (a) Map of the predicted dot overlap for double-layer dot patterns as a function of BCP material parameters β and σϵ̅ . Contours are separated by 3% overlap, with the lowest contour shown at 1% overlap. (b−e) SEM micrographs (left) of double-layer dot patterns of PS-b-PDMS (31K−14.5K) with varying wt % PS (30, 40, 50) and PS-b-PDMS (43K−8.5K), respectively. Corresponding dot pattern colored by the closest nearest-neighbor distance (right), where overlapping dots are marked with a black border. The β and σϵ̅ parameters for each of these polymers are marked on the dot overlap map in (a), showing the predicted overlap expected for each of these polymers. All scale bars are 250 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-map-of-dot-overlap-for-triple-layer-dot-patterns-2mwcdj4d.png Figure 7. (a) Map of dot overlap for triple-layer dot patterns. Contours are separated by 3% overlap, with the lowest contour shown at 1% overlap. (b) SEM micrograph of a triple-layer dot pattern of PSb-PDMS (43K−8.5K). Abbreviations PS43, B30, B40, and B50 are defined in Figure 6. The scale bar is 250 nm. Inset: FFT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sequential-self-assembly-process-a-schematic-of-3nmfwkn2.png Figure 1. Sequential self-assembly process. (a) Schematic of sequential layer deposition: a single-layer hexagonal dot pattern (blue) is deposited via spin casting of a BCP thin film, followed by annealing and plasma treatment. A second layer (green) is then deposited via the same process to form a honeycomb dot pattern. Finally, a third layer of BCP (yellow) is deposited on top of the honeycomb dot pattern, resulting in a triple-density hexagonal dot pattern. Plan-view and tilted SEM micrographs of PS-b-PDMS (31K−14.5K, blended with 30 wt % PS) (b, c) single layer, (d, e) double layer, and (f, g) triple-layer dot patterns. All scale bars are 250 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plan-view-sem-micrographs-of-single-double-and-3pvobj95.png Figure 2. Plan-view SEM micrographs of single-, double-, and triple-layer nanopatterns formed from PS-b-PDMS (22.5K−4.5K), blended with different quantities of PS (5K). (a−c) Neat-b-PDMS (22.5K−4.5K). (d−f) 10 wt % PS (5K). (g−i) 12.5 wt % of PS (5K). (j−l) 15 wt % PS (5K). All scale bars are 250 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sem-micrographs-of-a-single-layer-and-b-triple-39xujqhl.png Figure 8. SEM micrographs of (a) single-layer and (b) triple-layer nanopatterns formed using PS-b-PDMS (34K−5.5K) and 15 wt % PS. Inset: FFT. (c) Histograms of dot circularity for single-layer patterns of PS-b-PDMS (43K−8.5K) and PS-b-PDMS (34K−5.5K) with 15 wt % PS. The circularity is calculated as 4π[area]/[perimeter]2. Scale bars are 250 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-lattice-parameter-and-silica-dot-diameter-versus-133e8z3k.png Figure 4. (a) Lattice parameter and silica dot diameter versus the percentage of blended PS for PS-b-PDMS (22.5K−4.5K), as calculated from Figure 2 and the Supporting Information. (b) Schematic representation of the BCP micelles upon increasing the weight percentage of added (PS in blue, PDMS in red). (c) The calculated value of β versus the weight percentage of blended PS. (d) Geometric values of interest within a perfect hexagonal lattice, showing three different scenarios of dot-to-dot contact within a lattice, from dot overlap (β > 1) to touching of the edges (β = 1) to no contact (β < 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-higher-contrast-and-higher-magnification-sem-2x7ck6h3.png Figure 3. Higher-contrast and higher-magnification SEM micrographs of the triple-layer patterns from Figure 2, formed from (a) PS-b-PDMS (22.5K−4.5K) and (b) PS-b-PDMS (22.5K−4.5K) blended with 15 wt % PS. Scale bars are 100 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-analysis-of-double-layer-dot-patterns-a-sem-2y2ooqsh.png Figure 5. Analysis of double-layer dot patterns. (a) SEM micrograph of the double layer honeycomb dot pattern formed via sequential layer deposition of PS-b-PDMS (31K−14.5K) with 30 wt % PS (scale bar = 250 nm), which is separated into (b) individual single-layer patterns, where each dot is colored by its mean hydrostatic strain. The deformation of the local coordination shell is visualized by Voronoi tessellation. (c) Dot pattern in (a) colored by the difference in closest-neighbor center-to-center dot spacing and dot diameter (normalized by the average dot diameter) where overlapping dots are marked with a black border. https://scispace.com/papers/sequential-random-coding-error-exponents-for-multiple-access-3lpzutbnt1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sequential-error-exponents-of-the-mac-in-fig-2-with2-0-3aqeknd3.png Fig. 3. Sequential Error Exponents of the MAC in Fig. 2 with² = 0.1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-model-of-multiple-access-channels-1mtd9j4v.png Fig. 1. Model of multiple access channels https://scispace.com/papers/sequential-two-stage-d-optimality-sensitivity-test-for-2myfd27mqu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-probabilities-of-achieving-an-overlap-between-three-xks8hnzp.png Figure 1:Probabilities of achieving an overlap between three uniform designs. The total sample sizes for (a)-(d) are 6, 7, 8 and 9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-probabilities-of-achieving-an-overlap-1xy98lzz.png Figure 2: Comparison of probabilities of achieving an overlap for different choices of [xL, xU ]: (a) [−3,3], (b) [−3,4], (c) [−4,4] and (d) [−4,7]. https://scispace.com/papers/sequential-schemes-for-frequentist-estimation-of-properties-1v7o9g9pgq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-of-the-naive-scheme-with-0-02-and-d-0-01-7ms2liih.png Table 6: Results of the naive scheme with = 0.02 and δ = 0.01 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-results-of-the-naive-scheme-with-0-01-and-d-0-05-fck9russ.png Table 7: Results of the naive scheme with = 0.01 and δ = 0.05 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-results-of-the-naive-scheme-with-0-01-and-d-0-01-cy8dt4il.png Table 8: Results of the naive scheme with = 0.01 and δ = 0.01 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-results-of-chens-scheme-with-0-02-and-d-0-05-2hgaev39.png Table 9: Results of Chen’s scheme with = 0.02 and δ = 0.05 https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-results-of-our-scheme-with-0-02-and-d-0-05-24jsarbm.png Table 13: Results of our scheme with = 0.02 and δ = 0.05 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-results-of-chens-scheme-with-0-02-and-d-0-01-2e63vavg.png Table 10: Results of Chen’s scheme with = 0.02 and δ = 0.01 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-results-of-chens-scheme-with-0-01-and-d-0-05-1stumm0e.png Table 11: Results of Chen’s scheme with = 0.01 and δ = 0.05 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-results-of-chens-scheme-with-0-01-and-d-0-01-1iyuwkg5.png Table 12: Results of Chen’s scheme with = 0.01 and δ = 0.01 https://scispace.com/papers/sequential-ubm-adaptation-for-speaker-verification-11hj1km526 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sequential-ubm-map-adaptation-bei9mhkm.png Fig. 1. Sequential UBM MAP adaptation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-with-ubmb-as-the-initial-2zfbj7x4.png Table 2. Results with UBMb as the initial. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-with-ubma-as-the-initial-38ty0p3d.png Table 1. Results with UBMa as the initial. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-quality-of-sequentially-adapted-ubm-33f8qau9.png Fig. 2. Quality of sequentially adapted UBM. https://scispace.com/papers/sequestered-alkaloid-defenses-in-the-dendrobatid-poison-frog-48o3yjakex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relationship-between-alkaloid-profiles-of-individual-2p7sg1q9.png Fig. 5 Relationship between alkaloid profiles of individual Oophaga pumilio and corresponding growth inhibition of Klebsiella pneumoniae [(a) alkaloid diversity (alkaloids per frog skin) and optical density assay; (b) alkaloid diversity (alkaloids per frog skin) and colony-forming unit assay; (c) alkaloid quantity (μg per frog skin) and optical density assay; (d) alkaloid quantity (μg per frog skin) and colony-forming unit assay] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-diversity-alkaloids-per-frog-skin-and-quantity-mg-1fv91aqv.png Table 1 Diversity (alkaloids per frog skin) and quantity (μg per frog skin) of alkaloid defenses from each population of Oophaga pumilio https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-final-optical-densities-od620-a-and-viable-cell-118zrw3w.png Fig. 1 Mean final optical densities (OD620) (a) and viable cell counts (CFU/mL) (b) of Aeromonas hydrophila after treatment with alkaloid cocktails extracted from Oophaga pumilio. The dotted line represents the mean OD620 and CFU/mL for the methanol control, error bars represent ±1 SEM, and treatment means that are significantly different from each other are indicated by different letters (Tukey’s HSD, P < 0.05) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relationship-between-alkaloid-profiles-of-individual-m4v56unn.png Fig. 4 Relationship between alkaloid profiles of individual Oophaga pumilio and corresponding growth inhibition of Aeromonas hydrophila [(a) alkaloid diversity (alkaloids per frog skin) and optical density assay; (b) alkaloid diversity (alkaloids per frog skin) and colony-forming unit assay; (c) alkaloid quantity (μg per frog skin) and optical density assay; (d) alkaloid quantity (μg per frog skin) and colony-forming unit assay] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-final-optical-densities-od620-a-and-viable-cell-1a3gvsnb.png Fig. 2 Mean final optical densities (OD620) (a) and viable cell counts (CFU/mL) (b) of Klebsiella pneumoniae after treatment with alkaloid cocktails extracted from Oophaga pumilio. The dotted line represents the mean OD620 and CFU/mL for the methanol control, error bars represent ±1 SEM, and treatment means that are significantly different from each other are indicated by different letters (Tukey’s HSD, P < 0.05) https://scispace.com/papers/sequestration-of-as-by-iron-plaque-on-the-roots-of-three-2g3vhb3yrm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dcb-extractable-fe-concentration-on-the-roots-of-three-26m3xcqh.png Fig. 1. DCB-extractable Fe concentration on the roots of three rice cultivars grown on a low-P soil with or without P fertilizer. Bars: ±1 SD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-as-concentrations-in-shoot-and-root-mg-kg-1-of-three-238ste93.png Table 4. As concentrations in shoot and root (mg kg)1) of three rice cultivars grown on a low-P soil with or without P fertilizer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dcb-extractable-as-concentration-on-the-roots-of-three-244ve5z6.png Fig. 3. DCB-extractable As concentration on the roots of three rice cultivars grown on a low-P soil with or without P fertilizer. Bars: ±1 SD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dcb-extractable-p-concentration-on-the-roots-of-three-6stc8ua3.png Fig. 2. DCB-extractable P concentration on the roots of three rice cultivars grown on a low-P soil with or without P fertilizer. Bars: ±1 SD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-shoot-and-root-biomass-g-pot-1-of-three-rice-5079dybo.png Table 2. Shoot and root biomass (g pot)1) of three rice cultivars grown in a low-P soil with or without P fertilizer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-p-concentrations-in-shoot-and-root-mg-kg-1-of-three-27b8gr7s.png Table 3. P concentrations in shoot and root (mg kg)1) of three rice cultivars grown on a low-P soil with or without P fertilizer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physicochemical-properties-of-the-soil-27voueat.png Table 1. Physicochemical properties of the soil. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relationship-between-concentrations-of-dcb-extractable-38apag3q.png Fig. 4. Relationship between concentrations of DCB-extractable P and DCB-extractable Fe in the roots of three rice cultivars grown on a low-P soil with or without P fertilizer. https://scispace.com/papers/sequestration-of-sr-90-subsurface-contamination-in-the-57yx7noh1c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-60-location-of-100-n-area-injection-wells-2uujwmak.png Figure 4.60. Location of 100-N Area injection wells. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-11-calculated-values-of-q-keq-for-apatite-cogalwpc.png Table 4.11. Calculated values of Q/Keq for apatite precipitation-dissolution reactions (Eq. 4.3 and Eq. 4.5) based on typical aqueous solution concentrations and logK values from different thermodynamic databases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-characterization-of-nanocrystalline-apatite-163s0946.png Figure 2.3. Characterization of nanocrystalline apatite formed in Hanford sediment by microbially mitigated Ca-citrate degradation in the presence of aqueous phosphorous: a) TEM, b) XRD, c) FTIR, and d) EDS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-apatite-mass-and-change-in-sr-90-mobilization-3ab0w39p.png Table 2.1. Apatite mass and change in Sr-90 mobilization. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-apatite-laden-sediments-r5v8s3iy.png Table 4.2. Apatite-laden sediments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-13-phosphate-extracted-from-ca-citrate-po4-treated-3tleq5ug.png Figure 4.13. Phosphate extracted from Ca-citrate-PO4-treated 100-N sediment using: a) water and ion exchangeable (1 M KNO3) treatments, and b) 0.5 M HNO3 and 4 M HNO3 treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-citrate-biodegradation-by-hanford-100-n-sediments-1j4nwhg2.png Figure 4.5. Citrate biodegradation by Hanford 100-N sediments verses temperature at: a) 10 mM citrate, b) 50 mM citrate, and c) 100 mM citrate concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-21-steady-state-infiltration-simulations-at-2k3vy6mn.png Figure 4.21. Steady-state infiltration simulations at different infiltration rates. https://scispace.com/papers/serial-block-face-scanning-electron-microscopy-for-three-4bv7qxe9if 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cross-section-analysis-of-sample-2-top-continuous-2lpnjk17.png Figure 5. Cross-section analysis of Sample 2. Top: Continuous line, number of electrical tree channels; dashed line, proportion of area degraded. Bottom: Continuous line, total cross-sectional area covered by tree channels; dashed line, convex hull cross-sectional area of tree channels. Blue vertical line corresponds to the slice in Figure 1 (right), at 19.8 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sample-2-first-part-top-and-second-part-bottom-of-2nlkfms5.png Figure 4. Sample 2 - First part (top) and second part (bottom) of the 3-D rendering using SS-SEM. Scale bars: 10 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cross-section-analysis-of-sample-1-top-continuous-28wlu4o9.png Figure 3. Cross-section analysis of Sample 1. Top: Continuous line, number of electrical tree channels. Dashed line, proportion of area degraded. Bottom: Continuous line, total cross-sectional area covered by tree channels. Dashed line, convex hull cross-sectional area of tree channels. Blue vertical line corresponds to the slice in Figure 1 (left), at 156.8 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sample-1-first-part-top-and-second-part-bottom-of-1ww8el02.png Figure 2. Sample 1 - First part (top) and second part (bottom) of the 3-D rendering using SS-SEM. Scale bar: 100 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-quantification-of-electrical-trees-10n3efwn.png Table 1. Quantification of electrical trees. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-processed-sem-images-left-slice-from-second-part-of-1u6flcl0.png Figure 1. Processed SEM images. Left: Slice from second part of Sample 1. Right: Slice from second part of Sample 2. Scale bars: 30 µm. https://scispace.com/papers/serial-endosymbiosis-or-singular-event-at-the-origin-of-4rz9eq86zm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1sqzu1p4.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/serial-in-network-processing-for-large-stationary-wireless-1sfoums038 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-of-cycle-break-wyy1yb2l.png Figure 6: Example of cycle break. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rolling-ball-1gaoqbkh.png Figure 1: Rolling-ball. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulation-parameters-pg04ja3j.png Table 1: Simulation parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-required-communications-sent-data-and-control-2rxpf6wq.png Figure 7: Required communications (sent data and control packets). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-traversal-process-using-the-rolling-ball-1u77008k.png Figure 3: Traversal process using the rolling-ball. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-boundary-point-determination-by-internal-trigger-2fn94u3n.png Figure 2: Boundary point determination by internal trigger node. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-processing-energy-2978j47r.png Figure 9: Processing energy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-connectivity-issue-2s988urm.png Figure 4: Connectivity issue https://scispace.com/papers/serendipitous-discovery-of-a-physical-binary-quasar-at-z-1-1su42mmrn1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1x1-arcmin2-field-around-the-two-sources-marked-a-23387hr2.png Figure 2. 1×1 arcmin2 field around the two sources (marked A and B) as imaged in the r band by SDSS DR12. North is up and east is to the left. We have overplotted information on the proper motion from Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration et al. 2018) with red arrows and red error ellipses showing the 2σ uncertainty on the proper motion. The quasars both have proper motions consistent with zero, whereas the two other objects are moving significantly and are hence unrelated. We also plot a schematic view of the slit during the GTC observation (dotted lines), which was centered on source A and aligned with the parallactic angle, oriented at 115o east of north (EoN) at the time of the observation. The position angle between the two objects is 124o EoN, and this was the slit angle used during the NOT observation (full drawn lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-here-we-show-the-gtc-spectra-in-which-the-si-iv-c-1yh1u2rt.png Figure 1. Here we show the GTC spectra in which the Si IV, C IV, and C III] lines are well covered. The top panel shows the two-dimensional spectra showing three objects on the slit. The lowest trace is the bright star located west of GQ 1114+1549A (see Figure 2, the central trace is the primary quasar target (GQ 1114+1549A) and the upper trace is the serendipitously discovered quasar (GQ 1114+1549B)). The two bottom panels show the quasar spectra, A (below) and B (above). The B spectrum is suppressed by about a factor of 10 (i.e., we get only 10% of the flux in the slit compared to the A spectrum). The B spectrum is binned by a factor of seven for better visibility. Overplotted is also the g-, r-, and i-band photometry from SDSS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-optical-and-near-infrared-magnitudes-of-object-a-1dfclsu6.png Table 1 The Optical and Near-infrared Magnitudes of Object A and B (All on the AB Magnitude System) from the SDSS and UKIDSS Catalogs (Warren et al. 2007; Alam et al. 2015) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-here-are-shown-the-spectra-from-not-obtained-using-p50oim4r.png Figure 3. Here are shown the spectra from NOT obtained using a slit properly aligned with both quasars. The top panel illustrated the two-dimensional spectrum with the traces of both quasars separated by 8 76. The two bottom panels show the one-dimensional spectra covering the region from C III] to Mg II (marked with dashed red lines). The spectra are not corrected for telluric absorption. The red dots show the g-, r-, and i-band photometry from SDSS. https://scispace.com/papers/serial-longitudinal-magnetic-resonance-imaging-data-indicate-3wedbeal6o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparisons-of-controls-con-and-alcohol-dependent-3lef3y7r.png Table 5 Comparisons of controls (CON) and alcohol-dependent individuals (ALC) on regional volumes over study interval. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-linear-rates-of-change-in-regional-volumes-as-16pgiklp.png Table 4. Linear rates of change in regional volumes as predictors of change in processing speed over 7.5 months for nonsmoking alcohol-dependent individuals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-group-demographics-and-clinical-measures-for-alcohol-1bh5px73.png Table 1 Group demographics and clinical measures for alcohol-dependent individuals (ALC) at assessment point 1 and controls (CON) at baseline. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-linear-and-quadratic-rates-of-change-for-alcohol-2b2851s9.png Table 2 Linear and quadratic rates of change for alcohol-dependent individuals in regional volumes over 7.5 months of abstinence. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-linear-rates-of-change-in-regional-volumes-for-10ri3e01.png Table 3 Linear rates of change in regional volumes for alcohol-dependent individuals over AP1-AP2 and AP2-AP3 intervals. https://scispace.com/papers/serial-passage-of-the-human-probiotic-e-coli-nissle-1917-in-5gj7dacqr8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-persistence-of-ecn-in-t-castaneum-larvae-after-lk5v6nj7.png Figure 1. Persistence of EcN in T. castaneum larvae after serial passage. Proportion of larvae harboring EcN after 48 h of exposure. Ten passaged EcN lines (L1-10) and the ancestral strain were monitored. 20 larvae per replicate and day were tested for bacterial presence or absence (n = 1584). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ecn-growth-curves-and-attributes-a-differences-in-1imeq585.png Figure 2: EcN growth curves and attributes. A) Differences in the growth rates between the passaged lines and the ancestral strain (Kruskal-Wallis X2 = 10.889, Df = 2, p = 0.00432). B) Differences in the carrying capacities (Kruskal-Wallis X2 = 12.316, Df = 2, p-value = 0.00211). C) Optical density (absorbance) of bacterial liquid cultures at λ = 600 nm. D) Principal component analysis of growth rate, carrying capacity, generation time and the area under the curve. Six replicates per treatment were analyzed: Larvae-passaged (L2, L3, L5, L6, L8, L9), flour-passaged (F1-6), ancestral (A1-6, pseudoreplicates). Measurements were taken every 15 min for 24 h at 30 °C. A - ancestral strain, F - flourpassaged bacteria, L - larvae-passaged bacteria. Statistical differences between the treatments are marked with letters a and b. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ecn-l9-colony-morphology-ecn-colonies-grown-on-34l0zg1g.png Figure 4: EcN L9 colony morphology. EcN colonies grown on Congo Red (left) and Calcofluor White plates (right). Triplicates of six replicates per treatment were tested: Larvaepassaged (L2, L3, L5, L6, L8, L9), flour-passaged (F1-6), ancestral (A1-6, pseudo-replicates). Triplicates of the lines L8 (top row) and L9 (middle row) are shown. E. coli K-12 MG1655 served as a control (bottom). The plates were grown for 96 h at 30 °C. Morphology of the line L8 showed typical EcN morphology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-differential-expression-of-amps-and-osiris16-3blgo9uq.png Figure 6: Differential expression of AMPs and Osiris16. Expression patterns assessed by RT-qPCR on RNA extracted from 6 replicates of 5 pooled larvae/treatment. Tribolium castaneum larvae that were orally exposed to EcN, E. coli K-12 MG1655 and PBS for 72 h. The genes coding for the AMPs Attacin2 (Att2), Cecropin2 (Cec2), Defensin2 (Def2) and Defensin3 (Def3) as well as for an Osiris16-like protein were analyzed. PBS treatment served as a negative control. ΔCp values were calculated using the expression of the housekeeping genes ribosomal protein L13a (Rpl13a) and ribosomal protein 49 (Rp49). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-t-castaneum-survival-upon-ecn-pretreatment-survival-y9oo8jcl.png Figure 5: T. castaneum survival upon EcN pretreatment. Survival of 14 day-old beetle larvae exposed to EcN-containing flour diet for 72 h (5.3 x 1010 cells / g flour), before transfer to Btt-containing flour (3.3 x 1010 spores / g flour). Three passaged EcN strains (L2, L3, L6) as well as the ancestral strain were used for pretreatment. PBS and K-12 strain MG1655 served as a negative control for pretreatment and treatment. The larvae were individualized in 96-well plates (n = 2128). ** p = 0.0046. Full lines show survival of larvae challenged with Btt while dashed lines are PBS control. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ecn-motility-differences-in-swarming-ability-2kifolqr.png Figure 3: EcN motility. Differences in swarming ability between the evolved lines and the ancestral strain. The radius of the swarmed areas on 0.3 % agar plates was measured after 6 h (3 A) and 9 h (3 B) post inoculation. Triplicates of six replicates per treatment were analyzed: Larvae-passaged (L2, L3, L5, L6, L8, L9), flour-passaged (F1-6), ancestral (A1-6, pseudoreplicates). 3A is showing motility per treatment after 6 h (anova, Df=2, F=17.4, p <0.001). 3B is showing flagella motility after 9h per treatment (anova, Df=2, F=8.06, p <0.001). Statistical differences between the treatments are marked with letters a and b. https://scispace.com/papers/serial-section-based-3d-reconstruction-of-anaxagorea-whopxgra4i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-floral-morphology-and-gynoecium-development-in-two-1bkavsu3.png FIGURE 1. Floral morphology and gynoecium development in two Anaxagorea species. (A) Anaxagorea luzonensis flower. (B) Anaxagorea javanica flower. (C) Young A. luzonensis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-carpel-organogenesis-in-two-anaxagorea-species-a-f-4x3895yz.png FIGURE 2. Carpel organogenesis in two Anaxagorea species. (A–F) A. luzonensis. (A) Carpel primordia. (B–C) Carpel stipe emergence. (D–E) Carpel thickening and stigma formation, showing carpel stipe elongation. (F) Mature carpels. (G–J) A. javanica shows similar carpel developmental features to changes depicted in A–E, F. Ventral slit end indicated by arrows. Scale bars = 200 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ascending-paraffin-transections-of-a-javanica-37eruyzd.png FIGURE 4. Ascending paraffin transections of A. javanica flower. (A) Base of receptacle, showing six groups of vascular bundles and sepal connections. (B) Points of petal connection to receptacle, showing perianth bundles. (C) Androecial bundles serving stamens by repeated branching. (D–E) Base of gynoecium, showing enlarged central stele breaks and bundles distributed into carpels. (F–G) Carpel vasculature at different positions. (F1) Detailed view of (F), showing basal ring of carpel. (H) Amphicribral lateral bundle complexes in carpel. st, stamen; si, staminode; c, carpel; db, dorsal bundle; lbc, lateral bundle complex. Scale bars = 500 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3d-construction-of-a-javanica-vasculature-bundle-3aotrus4.png FIGURE 6. 3D construction of A. javanica vasculature. Bundle outlines colored green, xylem red, and purple, among which bundles associated with ovule bundles are colored purple. (A–D) Aniline blue-stained A. javanica sections for modeling. (E) Longitudinal section of mature A. javanica carpel (left) and 3D vasculature model, dotted lines on longitudinal section indicate vasculature position in carpel. (F) Perspective from base of carpel vasculature. (G) Perspective from base of carpel (xylem only). The arrow indicates the intersection of two lateral bundles which fed two ovules. (H) Cross-section of 3D model corresponding to (C), showing ring-arranged lateral bundle complexes. (I) 3D model section showing distribution of vascular bundles at base of ovary. db, dorsal bundle; vb, ventral bundle; ob, ovule bundle, lb, lateral bundle. Scale bars = 500 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ascending-paraffin-transections-of-mature-a-26ssl8yu.png FIGURE 5. Ascending paraffin transections of mature A. luzonensis carpel. (A) Carpel base, showing basal ring. (B–C) Basal ring breaks on ventral side. (D–F) Ascending carpel stipe sections, showing lateral bundles reconstituted to two sets of ring-arranged lateral bundle complexes. (G–H) Top of carpel stipe, showing “C”-shaped lateral bundle complex. (I–K) Below ovary locule, showing formation of ovule bundles. (L) Base of ovary locule. db, dorsal bundle; lb, lateral bundle; vb, ventral bundle; ob, ovule bundle. Scale bars = 500 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ascending-paraffin-transections-of-a-luzonensis-1r5n7n3j.png FIGURE 3. Ascending paraffin transections of A. luzonensis flower. (A) Base of receptacle. (B) Mid-section of androecia, showing stamen bundles and central stele. (C) Top of receptacle, showing central stele divided into two groups (* marked the breaks). (D) Bundles from the central stele enter carpels. (E) Base of carpels, showing basal ring. (F) Upper part of carpel stipes, showing the basal ring breaks (marked as *). (G) Bottom of ovary locule, showing amphicribral lateral bundle complexes (left) and “C”-shaped lateral bundle complexes (right). (H) Base of ovary locule. st, stamen; db, dorsal bundle; lbc, lateral bundle complex; vb, ventral bundle; ob, ovule bundle. Scale bars = 500 μm. https://scispace.com/papers/sero-prevalence-and-risk-factor-of-peste-des-petits-5ainik4qle 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-pooled-sero-prevalence-trend-of-ppr-in-the-meta-1oekx0ip.png Figure 2: the pooled sero-prevalence trend of PPR in the meta-analysis of 46 studies between 1994- 2020. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-forest-plot-on-ppr-of-sheep-and-goats-pooled-sero-3p0vmxh6.png Figure 7: Forest plot on PPR of sheep and goats pooled sero-prevalence estimates in Ethiopia at district level (46). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-forest-plot-on-ppr-of-shoat-pooled-logit-sero-ag9hcysi.png Figure 8:Forest plot on PPR of Shoat pooled logit- sero-prevalence estimates in Ethiopia at district level (46) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-subgroup-pooled-sero-prevalence-estimate-of-ppr-with-cm1p9ajn.png Table 2: Subgroup pooled sero-prevalence estimate of PPR with I2, Q and P value https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-univariable-and-multivariable-regression-coefficient-3uyqz84u.png Table 3: Univariable and multivariable regression coefficient on logit sero-prevalence estimate on PPR disease of small ruminant in Ethiopia (46 district level reports) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-forest-plot-on-ppr-of-shoat-pooled-sero-prevalence-15hnx42a.png Figure 9: Forest plot on PPR of shoat pooled sero-prevalence estimates in Ethiopia by individual authors study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-article-selection-flow-diagram-for-inclusion-2ud3by4a.png Figure 1: Article selection flow diagram for inclusion / exclusion of systematic review and meta-analysis process of PPR diseases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-forest-plot-cumulative-meta-analysis-by-region-on-34vn5ao8.png Figure 3: Forest plot cumulative meta-analysis by region on PPR pooled sero-prevalence estimates in Ethiopia. https://scispace.com/papers/sero-prevalence-findings-from-metropoles-in-pakistan-3cuea95z8q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-seroprevalence-study-results-and-extrapolations-zivq6t6b.png Table 1: Seroprevalence study results and extrapolations https://scispace.com/papers/serious-fungal-infections-in-portugal-2w7p9rdvl0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-portuguese-human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-related-37v061bm.png Table 2 Portuguese human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)related data HIV-related data Patient numbers (actual) References https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-portuguese-population-profile-2bigxbaz.png Table 1 Portuguese population profile https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-portuguese-profile-of-respiratory-diseases-2yo2aj8g.png Table 3 Portuguese profile of respiratory diseases Respiratory diseases Number References https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-number-of-transplants-in-2015-and-estimated-number-29z4tfvv.png Table 4 Number of transplants in 2015 and estimated number of cases of invasive aspergillosis (IA) https://scispace.com/papers/serologic-survey-for-toxoplasmosis-in-domestic-birds-from-3fdistgwng 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-t-gondii-seroprevalence-study-in-ducks-35422fxo.png Table 2. Results of T. gondii seroprevalence study in ducks and geese https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-the-czech-republic-showing-the-sampled-areas-2lbhjknh.png Figure 1. Map of the Czech Republic showing the sampled areas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristic-of-positive-and-negative-controls-3gb95zuv.png Table 1. Characteristic of positive and negative controls included in IFAT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-t-gondii-seroprevalence-study-in-2ktvnoic.png Table 3. Results of T. gondii seroprevalence study in gallinaceous birds https://scispace.com/papers/serotonergic-regulation-of-corticoamygdalar-neurons-in-the-5dhpdcsln4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-some-cam-neurons-are-also-com-neurons-a-diagram-of-t9leagfp.png FIGURE 7 | Some CAm neurons are also COM neurons. (A) Diagram of dual-labeling of CAm/COM neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex. (B) Voltage traces (top) and ISF plots (bottom) for two double-labeled CAm/COM neurons exhibiting excitatory (red) or biphasic (yellow) responses to 5-HT. (C) Proportions of 14 CAm/COM double-labeled neurons exhibiting 5-HT responses. (D) Plots of the magnitudes of 5-HT excitatory responses in 5-HT-excited (red) and 5-HT-biphasic (yellow) CAm/COM neurons (left) and the durations of inhibition in 5-HT-biphasic CAm/COM neurons (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-serotonergic-responses-in-cam-neurons-2wyc4x6w.png TABLE 3 | Serotonergic responses in CAm neurons. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physiological-properties-of-layer-5-neurons-15h6m1yr.png TABLE 1 | Physiological properties of layer 5 neurons. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-morphological-properties-of-layer-5-35clkqfa.png TABLE 2 | Comparison of morphological properties of layer 5 projection neurons. https://scispace.com/papers/serphitid-wasps-in-cretaceous-amber-from-new-jersey-5821esm737 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-holotype-female-of-serphites-navesinkae-engel-grimaldi-2kxfcyni.png Fig. 3. Holotype female of Serphites navesinkae Engel & Grimaldi sp.n. (AMNH NJ-1002d); drawn as preserved with left antenna slightly pulled giving the appearance of further articles but it has the same number as the right (specifi cally 9 articles). Illustration by D.A.G. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-photomicrographs-of-new-jersey-amber-serphitidae-a-2f8rhpxo.png Fig. 1. Photomicrographs of New Jersey amber Serphitidae. (A) Holotype male of Serphites raritanensis Engel & Grimaldi sp.n. (AMNH NJ-528). (B) Paratype female of S . raritanensis (AMNH NJ-1074). (C) Holotype female of S . navesinkae Engel & Grimaldi sp.n. (AMNH NJ-1002d). Photomicrographs by J.O.-B. Th is fi gure is published in colour in the online edition of this journal, which can be accessed via http://www.brill.nl/ise https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-holotype-male-of-serphites-raritanensis-engel-grimaldi-1644dyj1.png Fig. 2. Holotype male of Serphites raritanensis Engel & Grimaldi sp.n. (AMNH NJ-528). Illustration by D.A.G. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-current-classifi-cation-of-the-family-serphitidae-vvogyfcy.png Table 1. Current classifi cation of the family Serphitidae Brues. https://scispace.com/papers/serotype-specific-detection-of-african-horsesickness-virus-2enhd6amvu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cpandpeak-tm-valuesderived-f696qv9w.png Table 2 CPandpeak Tm valuesderived fromhybridizationprobedetectionof reference strain AHSV cDNA https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ahsv-field-viruses-used-for-peak-tm-testing-with-grkaajyq.png Table 3 AHSV field viruses used for peak Tm testing with serotype-specific hybridization probes https://scispace.com/papers/serum-25-hydroxyvitamin-d-levels-in-hospitalized-adults-with-2aimg353of 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-biochemical-measurement-in-of-hospitalized-adults-1xy5e2ql.png Table 3. Biochemical measurement in of hospitalized adults with CAP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-symptoms-and-physical-examination-in-of-hospitalized-13ozu7tb.png Table 2. Symptoms and physical examination in of hospitalized adults with CAP https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-and-medical-history-of-gul9k9da.png Table 1. Baseline characteristics and medical history of hospitalized adults with CAP https://scispace.com/papers/sers-in-pah-os-and-gold-nanoparticle-self-assembled-1580zs4yjq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-raman-resonance-profiles-of-pah-os-pvs-pah-os-5-full-c6orjew5.png FIG. 4. Raman resonance profiles of PAH-Os+ PVS/PAH-Os 5 full circles , PAH-Os+ nano-Au/PAH-Os 1 full squares , and PAH-Os + nano-Au/PAH-Os 5 full triangles multilayers. We indicate with arrows the incoming and outgoing electronic Raman resonances on the PAH-Os + PVS/PAH-Os 5 multilayer. SERS amplification regions related to isolated and interacting nanoparticles are indicated with circles. The inset shows the Raman intensity ratio between samples 2 and 1 for different wavelengths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-raman-spectrum-of-the-pah-os-pvs-pah-os-5-multilayer-1f6yows8.png FIG. 5. Raman spectrum of the PAH-Os+ PVS/PAH-Os 5 multilayer spectrum 1 , taken under electronic Raman resonance with the PAH-Os MLCT transition. Spectra 2–9 correspond to different SERS measurements on a PAH-Os+ nano-Au/PAH-Os 1 multilayer that displayed nanoparticle clustering S3 using the 632.8-nm He–Ne laser line with a 1- m2 spot inside a 100- m2 area. The dotted lines indicate the Os center and ligandrelated modes. Most of the new peaks that appear on spectra 2, 3, and 7–9 are related to the polymer backbone while the more intense peaks in the 200–500-cm−1 region correspond to a pyridine selective enhancement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-raman-micromap-where-the-z-axis-represents-the-values-15z0fqim.png FIG. 6. Raman micromap where the z axis represents the values of the integrated area below the spectral region involving the 1483- and 1606-cm−1 peaks bipyridines without the background contribution. Spectra were taken every 1 m with a 1- m2 spot size. A very localized region can be observed under the effects of a great amplification. The intensity value is 103 times larger than the less-amplified regions and two orders of magnitude bigger than the background average. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-field-distribution-for-nanoparticles-separated-at-0-nm-aahdvpz2.png FIG. 7. Field distribution for nanoparticles separated at 0 nm left-top panel and 20 nm left-bottom panel . The laser field is applied along the line connecting the two nanoparticles and the wave vector is perpendicular to the plane of the nanoparticles. The right panel displays the eigenvalues corresponding to the bonding top line and antibonding bottom line states as a function of the nanoparticle separation. The bonding and antibonding eigenfunctions for a configuration of two nanoparticles separated by 2 nm are schematized in this latter panel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-afm-images-of-pah-os-nano-au-pah-os-1-and-pah-os-nano-2qqbtuc3.png FIG. 1. AFM images of PAH-Os+ nano-Au/PAH-Os 1 and PAH-Os + nano-Au/PAH-Os 5 multilayers, on the left and right, respectively, measured in a 1- m2 area. The dotted lines indicate the linear regions where the section analysis shown at the bottom of each figure was performed. The arrows indicate particular nanoparticle profiles. In the bottom curves the vertical axes represent a 20-nm scale while the horizontal axes correspond to a 250-nm scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-eigenvalue-histogram-for-200-nanoparticles-randomly-32yq2sca.png FIG. 8. Eigenvalue histogram for 200 nanoparticles randomly distributed in a 1- m2 square area bottom right , together with the eigenvectors for some specific energies located in the bonding top right , independent top left , and antibonding bottom left energy regions of the spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-energy-histogram-left-panel-and-the-respective-4zbcp3ud.png FIG. 9. Energy histogram left panel and the respective nanoparticle maps right panel for different coverages, 200, 400, and 1600 nanoparticles randomly distributed in a 1- m2 square area a – c , and for a closed-packed ordered distribution of 2500 nanoparticles in the same area d . The histograms are normalized with respect to the total number of nanoparticles. For the lower coverage a , the spectrum is basically characterized by a peak corresponding to the isolated plasmon resonance p. When the coverage is increased to b , a peak is still observed centered at p, but a broadening and low-energy tail clearly develops. When the coverage is further increased to c , besides the broadening, a peaklike structure arises at longer wavelengths characteristic of the coupled-plasmon resonances. When an ordered structure of nanoparticles is considered d , the energy histogram has evolved into a bandlike distribution much like what happens with the electronic bands in a crystalline solid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-raman-spectra-of-samples-s1-s2-and-s4-measured-using-13qnkugr.png FIG. 3. Raman spectra of samples S1, S2, and S4 measured using the 514.5-nm Ar–Kr laser line. The most intense peaks belong to the pyridine stretching 1325–1606 cm−1 , pyridine bending 670 cm−1 , and Os vibration 383 cm−1 , all resonant with the PAH-Os MLCT transition. https://scispace.com/papers/serum-agrin-and-talin-two-muscular-proteins-are-pghzuf6jau 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-intercorrelation-matrices-partial-correlations-mcki4fai.png Table 5. Intercorrelation matrices (partial correlations) between biomarkers and severity of illness https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-socio-demographic-and-clinical-data-in-major-38zvavcl.png Table 1. Socio-demographic and clinical data in major depressed patients with (MDD+FF≥41) and without (MDD+FF<41) highly increased FibroFatigue (FF) score and healthy controls (HC) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-of-multiple-regression-analyses-with-2gx7ye55.png Table 6. Results of multiple regression analyses with severity of illness scores as dependent variable and biomarkers as explanatory variables while adjusting for possible confounder variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-model-generated-estimated-marginal-means-as-z-scores-zveoxlpg.png Table 3 Model-generated estimated marginal means (as z scores) of the different biomarkers in patients with major depression (MDD) with a highly increased Fibrofatigue (FF) scale score (MDD+FF≥41) versus those with a lower FF (<41) score and healthy controls (HC). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-binary-logistic-regression-analysis-with-144du1qc.png Table 4. Results of binary logistic regression analysis with major depression as dependent variable (and controls as reference group) and biomarkers as explanatory variables. https://scispace.com/papers/serum-concentrations-of-myostatin-and-myostatin-interacting-4kvcq5dl4j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-maximum-voluntary-contraction-mvc-measured-as-3k8g9o51.png Figure 1 (a) Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) measured as isometric knee extension torque and (b) quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA) for the dominant leg in young mildly sarcopenic and severely sarcopenic men (mean ± SD). For CSA, only 24 of 26 severely sarcopenic participants could be analyzed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-detail-for-the-elisa-assays-191mkgd1.png Table 1. Experimental Detail for the Elisa Assays https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-myostatin-and-myostatin-interacting-proteins-b-d-b06wcesb.png Figure 2 (a) Myostatin and myostatin-interacting proteins (b–d) in the serum of young (n = 20), mildly sarcopenic (n = 20), and severely sarcopenic (n = 26) men (mean ± SD). For myostatin, one outlier in the mildly sarcopenic (42.5 ng/mL) and another in the severely sarcopenic (28.3 ng/mL) group has not been included in this figure. For myostatin, an analysis of variance has been performed with the outliers included (p value without brackets) and excluded (p value inside brackets). FLRG = follistatin-related gene protein; GASP-1 = GDF-associated serum protein-1. at K U Leuven on M ay 4, 2011 https://scispace.com/papers/serum-levels-of-nitric-oxide-as-a-predictor-of-survival-in-3mitbfa72e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-acute-respiratory-distress-3j4b1vcf.png Table 1. Characteristics of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) survivors and ARDS non-survivors (*t-test was used). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-concentrations-umol-l-of-nitric-oxide-no-in-13tmtfv0.png Figure 1. Mean concentrations (µmol/L) of nitric oxide (NO) in all observed groups. https://scispace.com/papers/serum-oxidative-stress-markers-in-women-with-uterine-2kzllgcfr2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multiple-regression-analysis-of-oxidative-stress-1kaiskxv.png TABLE 3. MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS AND MAXIMUM DIAMETER OF FIBROIDS (N = 44) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-of-antioxidants-and-oxidants-in-women-kj1i1nqs.png TABLE 2. CORRELATION OF ANTIOXIDANTS AND OXIDANTS IN WOMEN WITH AND WITHOUT UTERINE FIBROIDS https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sociodemographic-and-baseline-characteristics-12z8cut1.png TABLE 1. SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS https://scispace.com/papers/server-overload-detection-and-prediction-using-pattern-1eptrhtpdf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-response-time-in-an-uls-lvnpyv81.png Figure 1: Average response time in an ULS https://scispace.com/papers/servercast-efficient-cooperative-bulk-data-distribution-3vqbzyebb7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-servercast-versus-analytical-lower-bound-on-randomly-3qkduqzx.png Fig. 8 ServerCast versus analytical lower bound on randomly generated topologies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-servercast-with-optimized-bandwidth-allocation-bs-1-8u7ibyxu.png Fig. 7 ServerCast with optimized bandwidth allocation; Bs,1=15Mbps, Bs,2=25Mbps, Bs,3=35Mbps https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cdn-network-199m3sk4.png Fig. 1 CDN Network https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-simple-cdn-network-1dfo5jx1.png Fig. 4 A simple CDN Network https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-content-update-time-with-three-bulk-data-distribution-1267pl01.png Fig. 5 Content update time with three bulk data distribution schemes: ServerCast, FastReplica, and Multiple Unicast https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-servercast-with-equal-bandwidth-allocation-bs-1-bs-2-3446lsdt.png Fig. 6 ServerCast with equal bandwidth allocation; Bs,1=Bs,2=Bs,3=25Mbps https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-file-partitioning-and-block-grouping-3h3yt5y5.png Fig. 2 File partitioning and block grouping https://scispace.com/papers/serverless-applications-why-when-and-how-agvyi05hou 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sidebar-page-3-example-serverless-application-1zwe7dip.png Figure 1. [SIDEBAR, page 3] Example serverless application: mobile backend for a social media app. In this example application, a social media user wants to publish a status update, which should be seen by all the user’s friends. In 2019, this happened over a billion times a day on social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Technology-wise, this would happen through a four-step process: (1) the user would compose the status update using the mobile clients of the social media platform, then (2) the user would send the status update using the mobile client, (3) the platform would orchestrate the operations needed to propagate the update inside the social media platform and to the user’s friends, (4) each friend would receive the update on their social media clients, for example, on their mobile phones. Step 3 is the “secret sauce” of the social media platform – although the users and their friends never see it, the software, and the resources (the servers) on which the software run, ensure the technical sustainability of the social media platform. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-key-findings-the-results-limited-to-the-top-3-1q9dxxbw.png Figure 3. Key findings. The results limited to the top 3 values and a single application can have multiple values for motivators, programming languages, and integrated backend-as-a-service solutions. For more detailed results, we refer to our technical report [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sidebar-methodology-for-serverless-application-12yo43ah.png Figure 2. [SIDEBAR] Methodology for serverless application collection and characterization. We collected descriptions of serverless application from four sources: open-source projects, academic literature, industrial literature, and scientific computing. Next, we randomly assigned two out of the seven total reviewers to review each serverless application based on a set of fixed characteristics. In the following discussion and consolidation phase, we discussed and resolved any differences between the two resulting characteristics reviews. For the scientific applications, a different approach was necessary, as many of them were not publicly available yet. Therefore, these applications are reviewed by a single domain expert, which is either involved in the development of the applications or in direct contact with the development team. If the information to determine a characteristic for a serverless application was not available, we labeled the characteristic as ”Unknown” for this application. The percentage of ”Unknowns” ranges from 0–19% with two outliers at 25% and 30% for the characteristics presented in this article. These ”Unknowns” were excluded for the percentage values presented in this article. For a more detailed breakdown of our results and a more in-depth description of our methodology, we refer to our technical report [7]. https://scispace.com/papers/service-integration-in-multiantenna-bidirectional-relay-11mpc3pu1z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-enhanced-mimo-gaussian-bbc-with-common-and-2i1spg1l.png Fig. 3. Enhanced MIMO Gaussian BBC with common and confidential messages. Node 1 is split up into two virtual receivers, one enhanced for the confidential message and one for the public messages. For receiver 1a the noise covariance matrix Σ1 is replaced by ˜Σ1 to enhance the channel for the confidential message. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-secrecy-capacity-region-of-the-miso-gaussian-bbc-with-121a6e88.png Fig. 4. Secrecy capacity region of the MISO Gaussian BBC with confidential messages with NR = 2 and N1 = N2 = 1 [19]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-general-mimo-gaussian-bbc-with-common-and-confidential-1w7x5vb4.png Fig. 2. General MIMO Gaussian BBC with common and confidential messages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-physical-layer-service-integration-in-bidirectional-2q0n2jif.png Fig. 1. Physical layer service integration in bidirectional relay networks. In the initial MAC phase, nodes 1 and 2 transmit their messages m1 and m2 with rates R2 and R1 to the relay node. Then, in the BBC phase, the relay forwards the messages m1 and m2 and adds a common message m0 with rate R0 to the communication and further a confidential message mc for node 1 with rate Rc which should be kept secret from node 2. https://scispace.com/papers/set-of-texture-similarity-measures-1kkswvbv25 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-model-parameters-used-in-texture-generation-ugj83j52.png Table 1. The model parameters used in texture generation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-most-similar-five-textures-3g4sd509.png Table 2. The most similar five textures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-eight-neighbors-of-xij-2sdx5apw.png Figure 1. Eight neighbors of xij. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-some-of-the-a-second-and-b-third-order-clique-23yxoefx.png Figure 3: Some of the a) second and b) third order clique chains, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-b-e2-neighborhood-systems-and-its-base-cliques-bp-p-3zcj4j6m.png Figure 2.b. η2 neighborhood systems and its base cliques BP , P = 1,2..8. https://scispace.com/papers/serving-the-public-interest-in-several-ways-theory-and-4t9dfhduht 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-linear-probability-model-of-selection-of-workers-2lkenjpo.png Table 7: Linear probability model of selection of workers https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-descriptive-statistics-liss-2btknmz3.png Table 8: Descriptive Statistics LISS https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-fixed-effects-ols-comparing-public-and-private-2l5xi9rm.png Table 9: Fixed effects OLS comparing public and private sector workers https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ols-regression-comparing-public-and-private-sector-sbju7htr.png Table 4: OLS regression comparing public and private sector workers https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ols-comparing-public-service-industries-with-the-du6rd8o0.png Table 5: OLS comparing public service industries with the other industries https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-fixed-effects-ols-sample-age-40-1pxzj1bf.png Table 10: Fixed effects OLS, sample: age>40 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-ols-regression-comparing-public-and-private-sector-2nihu33c.png Table 6: OLS regression comparing public and private sector workers https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-gsoep-1d18he3r.png Table 2: Descriptive Statistics GSOEP https://scispace.com/papers/session-based-distributed-programming-in-java-1loiuy32ww 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-structure-of-the-sj-session-runtime-2dga3z56.png Fig. 3. The structure of the SJ session runtime. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-ticket-ordering-system-for-a-travel-agency-1cg2tklk.png Fig. 1. A ticket ordering system for a travel agency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-operation-of-the-forwarding-protocol-for-case-1-1z3i6gaf.png Fig. 5. Operation of the Forwarding Protocol for Case 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-session-operations-and-their-types-2b3wikre.png Fig. 2. Session operations and their types. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-benchmark-results-for-message-sizes-100-bytes-and-10-1px3a608.png Fig. 6. Benchmark results for message sizes 100 Bytes and 10 KBytes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-operation-of-the-resending-protocol-for-case-1-3hzo6swk.png Fig. 4. Operation of the Resending Protocol for Case 1. https://scispace.com/papers/sesam-mode-locked-yb-cagdalo4-thin-disk-laser-with-62-fs-4938662bz1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-nonlinear-reflectivity-measurement-of-the-sesam-used-1tne8weq.png Fig. 4. Nonlinear reflectivity measurement of the SESAM used in our laser, as determined with 85 fs pulses at a center wavelength of 1051 nm, and a temperature of 20°C. The red graph shows the least squares fit, the dashed line marks 640 μJ∕cm2, the SESAM intracavity fluence for our 62 fs pulses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-normalized-intensity-autocorrelation-ac-trace-and-b-33mprghv.png Fig. 5. (a) Normalized intensity autocorrelation (AC) trace and (b) optical spectrum with the fit curves assuming ideal sech2 pulses. The pulse duration is 62 fs and the spectral bandwidth is 23 nm, centered at 1051 nm. (c) Microwave spectrum analyzer (MSA) trace at a resolution bandwidth (RBW) of 3 MHz and a 500 MHz span, showing the fundamental repetition rate and its harmonics and (d) MSA trace at a RBW of 1 kHz and a 1.2 MHz span. (e) Sampling oscilloscope measurement showing a temporal pulse separation of 15 ns, corresponding to the roundtrip time of our single-mode oscillator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-not-to-scale-of-the-single-fundamental-mode-2z3dzj47.png Fig. 3. Schematic (not to scale) of the single fundamental mode laser cavity used for the mode-locking experiment. The inset on the right shows the output beam profile for 62 fs pulses. HR, high-reflectivity mirror; OC, output coupler; DM, dispersive GTI-type mirror. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-surface-deviation-compared-to-a-flat-surface-of-the-3e70m3xl.png Fig. 2. Surface deviation, compared to a flat surface, of the contacted disk obtained from an interferometric measurement, indicating a strong astigmatism with radii of curvature of −4.8 m in the y direction, and infinity in the x direction. https://scispace.com/papers/sets-classes-and-categories-1dm1j256fy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-consistency-and-equiconsistency-relations-between-3cfdjv8b.png Figure 1: Consistency and equiconsistency relations between the various theories (ZḞ is ZF without Regularity). The arrow points to the weaker theory; as a consequence of Gödel’s Consistency Theorem, the single arrows cannot be drawn in the opposite direction. https://scispace.com/papers/setting-standards-for-credible-compliance-and-law-4z8jjzc09v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1b-substitutes-2eqe40af.png Figure 1b Substitutes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1a-complements-case-p-0-1v5n6h7g.png Figure 1b Substitutes https://scispace.com/papers/setting-reserve-requirements-to-approximate-the-efficiency-46j0tj3prv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-approximation-gap-of-the-sequential-market-with-83x8hd8h.png Fig. 8. Approximation gap of the sequential market with probabilistic and enhanced reserve requirements compared to stochastic dispatch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-24-hour-profiles-of-probabilistic-and-enhanced-reserve-3c3mh6it.png Fig. 7. 24-hour profiles of probabilistic and enhanced reserve requirements in three control zones. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-expected-operating-cost-yielded-by-the-implementation-2gr0d3wa.png Fig. 9. Expected operating cost yielded by the implementation of the probabilistic and enhanced reserve requirements in the conventional marketclearing problem (1)-(3) including the unit commitment constraints (9a)-(9g). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bilevel-structure-of-the-proposed-reserve-za67b8vs.png Fig. 2. Bilevel structure of the proposed reserve determination model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-expected-daily-operating-cost-as-a-function-of-wind-1eo4ditj.png Fig. 4. Expected daily operating cost as a function of wind penetration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-reserve-procurement-from-nine-flexible-generating-2ln0fmfr.png Fig. 5. Reserve procurement from nine flexible generating units for the peakload hour and different wind penetration levels. Color density ranks generation units according to the reserve capacity price offers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ieee-24-bus-reliability-test-system-layout-with-three-om8axfc9.png Fig. 6. IEEE 24-Bus reliability test system layout with three reserve control zones. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-decision-sequences-in-conventional-a-and-stochastic-b-p9uakr7d.png Fig. 1. Decision sequences in conventional (a) and stochastic (b) dispatch models. https://scispace.com/papers/setting-the-record-straight-a-response-to-sage-grouse-at-the-33hxbkcnxr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-extensive-reviews-of-sage-grouse-and-sagebrush-1veeko9y.png Table 1. Extensive reviews of sage-grouse and sagebrush rangeland published since 1999 https://scispace.com/papers/setting-the-transgender-agenda-intermedia-agenda-setting-in-3618cw9ufz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-story-topic-distribution-by-news-source-type-n58du9ap.png Table 1: Story Topic Distribution by News Source Type https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-total-weekly-coverage-over-time-by-news-source-type-15fgr4vs.png Figure 1: Total weekly coverage over time by news source type (Dn = Digital-Native, LP = Legacy Press). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relationships-between-digital-native-and-legacy-3thfqsqu.png Table 2: Relationships Between Digital-Native and Legacy Press News Media Time Series Correlation between https://scispace.com/papers/settlement-seasonal-size-distribution-and-growth-of-the-y3trlv4t29 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-23jjeax6.png TABLE 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-box-plots-of-shell-length-distributions-a-1989-to-2zieoiwy.png Figure 4. Box plots of shell length distributions (A: 1989 to 1990; B: 1990 to 1991) ofMytilopsis leucophaeata on the panels in the North Sea canal. Boxes showing the 25 and 75 percentile lines and the median line together with whiskers extending to the 10 and 90 percentile lines are shown, outliers are presented as dots. The spat fall per month is presented as an insert expressed as the number of individuals per square meter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-densities-of-mytilopsis-leucophaeata-in-14t9n79y.png Figure 3. Mean densities of Mytilopsis leucophaeata in relation to exposure time of panels that were placed in the littoral zone of the North Sea canal. A linear regression line (Y$ 100.4 103 – 74.8 X; R2$ 0.476; P < 0.001; n$ 18) with 95% confidence level lines is outlined. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-summation-frequency-of-all-shell-lengths-of-each-9uozuih6.png Figure 8. Summation frequency of all shell lengths of each size class of the measured individuals of Mytilopsis leucophaeata on the stones in the littoral zone of the North Sea canal (1989 to 1992). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-m-monthly-shell-length-frequency-distribution-of-1xc2uj41.png Figure 5. (A–M) Monthly shell length frequency distribution of Mytilopsis leucophaeata on panels in the North Sea canal. (N) Summation of frequencies of all shell lengths of (A)–(M) on these panels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-monthly-shell-length-frequency-distribution-of-hglsefbg.png Figure 7. Monthly shell length-frequency distribution of Mytilopsis leucophaeata on stones in the littoral zone of the North Sea canal. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3i6u2mcy.png TABLE 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-relation-between-maximum-and-mean-shell-length-10olt1yv.png Figure 6. The relation between maximum and mean shell length (mm) on the panels in the North Sea canal. The linear regression line with 95% confidence level line is displayed (Y$ 5.8023 + 0.8946X; R2$ 0.6884; P < 0.0001; n$ 26). https://scispace.com/papers/seven-element-ground-skirt-monopole-espar-antenna-design-3j2344lut5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-sma-loading-flcsiv5z.png Fig. 3. Example SMA loading. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-constructed-antenna-1y1l6opr.png Fig. 2. Constructed antenna. https://scispace.com/papers/setup-time-hold-time-and-clock-to-q-delay-computation-under-2lbew5o16f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-circuit-diagram-of-flip-flip-2tfenccn.png Fig. 1. Circuit diagram of Flip-Flip. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-timing-definitions-of-setup-hold-skews-1tu9f9i1.png Fig. 2. Timing definitions of setup/hold skews. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-hold-time-dependence-on-supply-voltage-mdj7pnh2.png Fig. 5. Hold time dependence on supply voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-setup-time-dependence-on-dynamic-voltage-drop-282ksdcr.png Fig. 6. Setup time dependence on dynamic voltage drop. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-an-iterative-procedure-to-obtain-stage-delay-increase-kgahp6zo.png Fig. 7. An iterative procedure to obtain stage delay increase from voltagedelay characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-setup-time-dependence-on-supply-voltage-b7zapohe.png Fig. 4. Setup time dependence on supply voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relation-between-ck-to-q-delay-and-setup-hold-skews-295s8csa.png Fig. 3. Relation between CK-to-Q delay and setup/hold skews. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-between-reference-and-estimation-results-of-h2zljn80.png Fig. 8. Comparison between reference and estimation results of CK-to-Q delay and setup time. https://scispace.com/papers/settlements-for-the-indigenous-population-in-portuguese-44c4l9y2pt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-paris-louvre-avant-corps-central-vers-1550-p-lescot-e8sea742.png Fig. 6 : Paris, Louvre, avant-corps central, vers 1550 (P. Lescot), photographie de Jean Guillaume. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-versailles-cour-de-marbre-vers-1630-photographie-de-nskheqbp.png Fig. 11 : the Mpumalanga legislature, Nelspruit https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-paris-hotel-matignon-facade-sur-le-jardin-partie-xa04afz5.png Fig. 10 : the Northern Cape Legislature, Kimberly https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-walter-sizulu-square-of-dedication-kliptown-68fepqvu.png Fig. 6 : Paris, Louvre, avant-corps central, vers 1550 (P. Lescot), photographie de Jean Guillaume. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-walter-sizulu-square-of-dedication-kliptown-3sx91xvt.png Fig. 7 : the Walter Sizulu Square of Dedication, Kliptown https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-chateau-d-ecouen-val-d-oise-facade-nord-vers-1555-j-3lbm2s1a.png Fig. 8 : Château d'Ecouen (Val-d'Oise), façade nord, vers 1555 (J. Bullant), photographie de Jean Guillaume. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-chateau-d-anet-eure-et-loir-aile-gauche-vers-1550-ph-3rbyz8do.png Fig. 7 : the Walter Sizulu Square of Dedication, Kliptown https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-metro-mall-johannesburg-3fcrea4m.png Fig. 8 : Château d'Ecouen (Val-d'Oise), façade nord, vers 1555 (J. Bullant), photographie de Jean Guillaume. https://scispace.com/papers/seven-lessons-from-manyfield-inflation-in-random-potentials-xpoexthuhn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-distribution-of-isocurvature-to-curvature-ratio-at-1ou5yf9c.png Figure 17. Distribution of isocurvature-to-curvature ratio at the end of inflation. Left: Histograms for, from left to right, Nf = 10, 20, 40, 100; the black vertical line indicates the numerical accuracy. Right: Dependence with Nf ; the shaded blue area indicates the limit of numerical accuracy. For Nf = 10, most examples are consistent with vanishing isocurvature at the end of inflation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-spectral-index-as-a-function-of-v-0-the-grey-2jyzg9pi.png Figure 13. The spectral index as a function of V 0. The grey shaded region indicates the 68% confidence limits from Planck [63]. Here Nf = 20, Λh = 0.4MPl, and ηV 0 = −10−4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-field-evolution-left-and-the-eigenvalues-of-vab-anuoa1ry.png Figure 5. The field evolution (left) and the eigenvalues of vab (right) as functions of the number of efolds. The region between horizontal black lines correspond to modes with −H2? ≤ m2 ≤ +H2? . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-value-of-the-potential-left-and-the-eigenvalues-33igclas.png Figure 4. The value of the potential (left) and the eigenvalues of vab as functions of the path length, s = ∆φ/Λh. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-spectral-index-as-a-function-of-the-initial-slow-3kwztha5.png Figure 14. Spectral index as a function of the initial slow-roll parameter ηV 0. Here Nf = 20, Λh = 0.4MPl, and = 10 −11. The grey shaded region indicates the 68% confidence limits from Planck [63]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-same-nf-100-examples-shown-on-the-lefthand-plot-2jwa2t57.png Figure 9. The same Nf = 100 examples shown on the lefthand plot of Fig. 7, but now showing the full range of scales exiting the horizon in the last 60 efolds of inflation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-energy-scales-of-the-dbm-potentials-59bi1xdh.png Figure 1. Energy scales of the DBM potentials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-more-fields-lead-to-more-superhorizon-evolution-v139rwfp.png Figure 16. More fields lead to more superhorizon evolution. Here ∆Pζ = Pζ(Nend)−Pζ(N?). https://scispace.com/papers/severe-aplastic-anemia-in-a-patient-with-erythropoietic-35d7efqkms 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2sdvhdqx.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-17hmfzv0.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/seventy-years-of-central-banking-the-bank-of-canada-in-2rft28ucv1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2gch0pu7.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-price-of-a-us-in-c-314zuj0w.png Figure 2 Price of a $US (in C$) https://scispace.com/papers/severe-slug-mitigation-in-an-s-shape-pipeline-riser-system-561xdmkezm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-simplified-pipeline-riser-system-with-injectable-3isjfokv.png Fig. 3. A simplified pipeline-riser system with injectable venturi installed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-differential-pressure-over-the-riser-time-series-pdf-24pyrs9g.png Fig. 4. Differential pressure over the riser (time series), PDF and PSD of the differential pressure over the riser during different types of severe slugging flow (a,b,c) = 0.05 m/s, = 0.44m/s (SS-I); (d,e,f) = 0.25 m/s, = 2.0 m/s (SS-II); (g,h,i) = 0.74m/s, = 0.81 m/s (SS-III). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-flow-pattern-map-for-the-plain-riser-q0fhzoox.png Fig. 8. Flow pattern map for the plain riser https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-flow-pattern-map-for-the-riser-with-injectable-venturi-1cs9x9ay.png Fig. 9. Flow pattern map for the riser with injectable venturi with no gas injection applied https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-flow-pattern-map-for-the-plain-riser-compared-with-1ba40elt.png Fig. 7. Flow pattern map for the plain riser compared with steep S-shape riser flow regime map by Tin (1991) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-riser-base-bifurcation-map-at-0-25-m-s-and-3-1-m-s-1dodwvuc.png Fig. 12. Riser base bifurcation map at = 0.25 m/s and = 3.1 m/s for (a) plain riser (b) injectable venturi with no injection (c) injectable venturi with injection https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-differential-pressure-over-the-riser-time-series-pdf-1fajhv14.png Fig. 6. Differential pressure over the riser (time series), PDF and PSD of the differential pressure over the riser during different types of stable flow (a,b,c) = 1.73 m/s, = 0.36 m/s (Bubble flow); (d,e,f) = 2.55m/s, = 2.44 m/s (Slug flow); (g,h,i) = 0.25 m/s, = 13.84 m/s (Churn flow); (j,k,l) = 0.05 m/s, = 18.88 m/s (Annular flow). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-injectable-venturi-2ek3lhto.png Fig. 1. Injectable venturi https://scispace.com/papers/severity-prediction-for-covid-19-patients-via-recurrent-4sslrm1te6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-receiver-operating-characteristic-roc-curve-of-the-h5b3jnk1.png Figure 4. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the risk score, age, and historical visit count in predicting the outcome status of the patients. Area under each ROC curve is denoted in the legend. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scatterplot-of-a-the-outcome-status-and-the-risk-206hhojo.png Figure 3. Scatterplot of (a) the outcome status and the risk score, (b) normalized age and the risk score, and (c) historical visit count and the risk score with the regression line. The gray-colored dots represent patients and shaded region around the regression line represents confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-covid-19-cohort-senior-1swzomyq.png Table 1. Characteristics of the COVID-19 cohort. Senior patients: aged ≥ 65 at the most recent hospital admission. SD: standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scatterplots-of-the-output-vectors-of-patients-in-1bakftzw.png Figure 5. Scatterplots of the output vectors of patients in the COVID-19 cohort. All patients are shown in (a) with color representing severity status. Only severe patients are shown in (b) and (c), with color representing sex in (b) and normalized (i.e. normalized with mean and standard deviation) age in (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-architecture-of-the-proposed-recurrent-neural-3c7wsw7d.png Figure 1. The architecture of the proposed recurrent neural network model. GRU: Gated Recurrent Unit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-scatterplots-of-the-output-vectors-of-severe-covid-e1cqgycf.png Figure 6. Scatterplots of the output vectors of severe COVID-19 patients, with color representing the observation of (a) type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and (b) renal failure. (c) and (d) are scatterplots of the output vectors of male severe COVID-19 patients, with color representing the observation of T2DM and renal failure respectively. (e) and (f) are scatterplots of the output vectors of female severe COVID-19 patients, with color representing the observation of T2DM and renal failure respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-5-fold-cross-validation-auc-of-all-models-2p5exosm.png Figure 2. Average 5-fold cross validation AUC of all models. The values of average AUC and standard error of AUC for each model are provided in the supplementary material. https://scispace.com/papers/sex-differences-in-attentional-performance-in-a-clinical-4ec99uc61w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schedule-of-the-theoretical-framework-of-30162opf.png Figure 1. A schedule of the theoretical framework of attentional functions according to Van Zomeren and Brouwer (1994) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-in-all-attention-tasks-separated-by-3rx060nb.png Table 3. Performance in all Attention Tasks Separated by Children With and Without ADHD (Combined Subtype) and by Sex https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-data-of-age-and-iq-for-normal-developing-2p7irg13.png Table 2. Descriptive Data of Age and IQ for Normal Developing Children (NC) and Children With ADHD (combined subtype) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-and-demographic-features-of-the-sample-of-3tu2znk4.png Table 1. Clinical and Demographic Features of the Sample of Children With ADHD (combined subtype) https://scispace.com/papers/sex-differences-and-psychological-stress-responses-to-the-1v3887qlwm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multiple-linear-regression-for-psychological-stress-o176yd1b.png Table 3 Multiple linear regression for psychological stress and its influence factors https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sex-difference-on-psychology-behaviors-and-needs-to-1jvx9t8y.png Table 2 Sex difference on psychology, behaviors and needs to cope with COVID-19 https://scispace.com/papers/sex-differences-in-cardio-pulmonary-pathology-of-sars-cov2-4fzunr3u3t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1a-the-fold-change-of-the-protein-markers-adipogenic-27dqncwj.png Table 1A. The-fold change of the protein markers (adipogenic, immune and metabolic signaling) levels compared to their sex matched control mice are presented in Table 1A analyzed in the lungs. The-fold changes were analyzed by comparing the protein's normalized level (GDI or βactin) in infected groups (CoV2/T. cruzi) to that in uninfected (control) mice, for males and females separately. For the coinfected mice, since the baseline is T. cruzi infection, the-fold change was calculated for coinfected mice relative to T. cruzi infected mice (for males and females separately). The increase and decrease in the comparative-fold change are presented by an upward or downward arrow, respectively (* p 0.05, ** p 0.01 and *** p 0.001 represents the significance). N=4/group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1b-the-fold-change-of-the-protein-markers-adipogenic-24kw85w2.png Table 1A. The-fold change of the protein markers (adipogenic, immune and metabolic signaling) levels compared to their sex matched control mice are presented in Table 1A analyzed in the lungs. The-fold changes were analyzed by comparing the protein's normalized level (GDI or βactin) in infected groups (CoV2/T. cruzi) to that in uninfected (control) mice, for males and females separately. For the coinfected mice, since the baseline is T. cruzi infection, the-fold change was calculated for coinfected mice relative to T. cruzi infected mice (for males and females separately). The increase and decrease in the comparative-fold change are presented by an upward or downward arrow, respectively (* p 0.05, ** p 0.01 and *** p 0.001 represents the significance). N=4/group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1c-the-fold-change-of-the-protein-markers-adipogenic-1j4qu4yu.png Table 1A. The-fold change of the protein markers (adipogenic, immune and metabolic signaling) levels compared to their sex matched control mice are presented in Table 1A analyzed in the lungs. The-fold changes were analyzed by comparing the protein's normalized level (GDI or βactin) in infected groups (CoV2/T. cruzi) to that in uninfected (control) mice, for males and females separately. For the coinfected mice, since the baseline is T. cruzi infection, the-fold change was calculated for coinfected mice relative to T. cruzi infected mice (for males and females separately). The increase and decrease in the comparative-fold change are presented by an upward or downward arrow, respectively (* p 0.05, ** p 0.01 and *** p 0.001 represents the significance). N=4/group. https://scispace.com/papers/sex-differences-on-the-go-no-go-test-of-inhibition-3ry28etlkx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-the-go-no-go-task-22xz5hde.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics for the Go/No-Go task. Reported are means and SD for each measure, for each sex. https://scispace.com/papers/sex-segregated-range-use-by-black-and-white-ruffed-lemurs-4ugn4ku4ip 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-though-traditionally-used-to-characterize-30yso3zl.png Figure 1. Though traditionally used to characterize chimpanzees, community models of 1087 fission-fusion dynamics allow for clear predictions regarding home range (HR) size, 1088 overlap, and the spatial distribution of males and females in any nonhumanprimate. 1089 1090 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-differences-in-annual-home-range-size-and-overlap-2901vwpw.png Figure 2. Differences in annual home range size and overlap for females (A & C, top, n=5) 1092 and males (B & D, bottom, n=8) using minimum convex polygon (MCP: A & B, left) and 1093 95% kernel density estimates (KDE: C & D, right). 1094 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-differences-in-home-range-area-by-sex-and-both-2hckcz2s.png Figure 3. Differences in home range area by sex and both climatic (A) and reproductive 1097 (B) seasons. Male range use differed significantly across climatic seasons, using 1098 significantly smaller home ranges than females during warm wet and cool wet seasons. 1099 Males and females home range size did not differ significantly during the cool-wet period. 1100 By contrast, home range size did not differ by sex across reproductive seasons. 1101 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-models-using-a-generalized-linear-mixed-effects-dt9uw6s5.png Table 4. Models using a generalized linear mixed-effects model to estimate daily path length of Varecia variegata in the 1073 Mangevo community, a primary rainforest site within Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Sampling occurred between 1074 6am and 5pm. Fixed effects included day length, daily rainfall (mm), sex, presence of infants, climatic season, and 1075 reproductive season. To account for individual variation, ‘individual’ was treated as a random effect. K indicates the number 1076 of model parameters. 1077 1078 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-seasonal-home-range-area-and-overlap-between-2kwvjiss.png Table 3. Average seasonal home range area and overlap between sexes. Comparisons 1065 include only those individuals with ≥ 10 sampling days per season and home range 1066 estimates from at least two of three seasons. Note that statistical comparisons were 1067 among only those individuals for which data were available from at least two of the three 1068 sampling periods. 1069 1070 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-individual-annual-home-range-area-and-overlap-3tsprf45.png Table 2. Individual annual home range area and overlap. Females used significantly larger home ranges than males (MCP: 1061 Mann-Whitney U = 10.0, P = 0.04; Kernel: Mann-Whitney U = 9.0, P = 0.03). However, sexes did not differ in their degree 1062 of home range overlap. Analysis includes individuals with ≥ 25 annual sampling days. 1063 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-table-comparing-results-across-published-ruffed-1gs42aad.png Table 5. Table comparing results across published ruffed lemur studies. 1084 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patterns-of-climatic-phenological-and-ruffed-lemur-vhlwiqc5.png Table 1. Patterns of climatic, phenological, and ruffed lemur reproductive seasonality in Ranomafana National Park, 1056 Madagascar. 1057 https://scispace.com/papers/sex-specific-transgenerational-plasticity-i-maternal-and-4k2l40wm1d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-general-linear-mixed-models-mcmcglmm-3560op0q.png Table 1: Results of general linear mixed models (MCMCglmm) testing predictors of 734 exploration/activity (higher values indicate more active and exploratory individuals) and freezing 735 behavior in the open field assay, as well as anxiety-like behavior in the scototaxis assay. We 736 tested for potential interactions between maternal treatment, paternal treatment, and offspring 737 sex; we removed not statistically significant interaction terms. 738 https://scispace.com/papers/sexist-attitudes-and-family-aggression-during-covid-19-1lkeko9eqp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-standard-deviation-sd-and-range-of-scores-for-25rrzmi5.png Table 1. Mean, Standard Deviation (SD) and Range of Scores for Primary Measures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mens-hostile-sexism-predicts-aggressive-behavior-2hvl5fae.png Figure 1. Men’s Hostile Sexism Predicts Aggressive Behavior Toward Intimate https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-effects-of-sexist-attitudes-and-1-couple-1favgkmm.png Table 4. The Effects of Sexist Attitudes and (1) Couple Relationship Quality (RQ) on Aggressive Behavior toward Intimate Partners and (2) Parent-Child Relationship Quality (RQ) on Aggressive Parenting During the COVID-19 Lockdown https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-effects-of-sexist-attitudes-and-1-power-during-euqwcibz.png Table 3. The Effects of Sexist Attitudes and (1) Power during Couples’ Interactions on Aggressive Behavior toward Intimate Partners and (2) Power during Parent-Child Interactions on Aggressive Parenting During the COVID-19 Lockdown https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effects-of-sexist-attitudes-assessed-prior-to-2lm0bh4f.png Table 2. The Effects of Sexist Attitudes Assessed Prior to the COVID-19 Pandemic on (1) Aggressive Behavior toward Intimate Partners and (2) Aggressive Parenting during the COVID-19 Lockdown Controlling for Pre-Lockdown Aggressive Behavior https://scispace.com/papers/sexting-prevalence-and-socio-demographic-correlates-in-uu2qumwmom 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-respondents-socio-demographic-family-and-schooling-1tx7v4k6.png Table 1 Respondents’ socio-demographic, family, and schooling characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/sexual-behavior-of-pecari-tajacu-cetartiodactyla-tayassuidae-3qbl20246i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ethogram-of-sexual-behaviors-observed-adapted-from-2u53uhhh.png Table 2 Ethogram of sexual behaviors observed (adapted from Byers and Bekoff, 1981). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-hourly-frequency-of-sexual-interactions-received-1dr0ox9y.png Fig. 1. Mean hourly frequency of sexual interactions received per female, mating frequency and mean levels of progesterone (P4), during the periovulatory period and early p paren https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-identification-kinship-relation-and-biological-rva525gw.png Table 1 Identification, kinship relation and biological characteristics (age and reproductive condition) of collared peccaries in captivity. The two letters of the code name of each female indicates its reproductive condition: nulliparous (NU), primiparous (PR) or pluriparous (PL). Desc.: descendant of the parents in the group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hourly-frequency-of-sexual-interactions-initiated-30m7wwzy.png Table 3 Hourly frequency of sexual interactions initiated and received by adult females of collared peccary, in proestrus and estrus during the second phase (non-familiar units). Mean values (Standard deviation). https://scispace.com/papers/sexual-experience-and-couple-formation-attitudes-among-3ymnraa9sl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-two-factor-multivariate-analysis-of-covariance-2ya26bo9.png Table 3 Two-factor multivariate analysis of covariance results for couple formation attitudes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-univariate-results-for-mean-differences-on-martial-2wcuha8l.png Table 1 Univariate results for mean differences on martial attitudes https://scispace.com/papers/sexual-function-after-suburethral-sling-removal-for-q05vwhif8f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-patients-satisfaction-with-their-bladder-condition-35a5uxy3.png Fig. 2 Patients’ satisfaction with their bladder condition before and after sling removal https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fsfi-domains-before-and-after-sling-removal-i5y5kcir.png Fig. 1 FSFI domains before and after sling removal https://scispace.com/papers/sexual-inequality-in-the-workplace-an-employer-specific-3noqe8a58n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-decomposition-of-the-male-female-salary-gap-1xj1hew3.png Table 6. Decomposition of the male-female. salary gap; compositional, structural and shared components. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-metric-coefficients-of-salary-structures-by-sex-by-3s06movr.png Table 4. Metric coefficients of salary structures, by sex. by marital status, managers of a util~y firm, 1960. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-metric-coefficients-of-regressions-of-in-salnry-on-uv2jbp6e.png Table 2. Metric coefficients of regressions of (In) salnry on schooling, ~ seniority work experience and previous positions in other firms, male nnd femnle managers of a utili~y company, 1960. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-metric-co-ftclcnts-of-rccr-nrlonn-of-in-anlury-on-o7qu4b11.png Table 3. Metric co~ftclcnts of rccr~nRlonn of (In) anlury on humnn capital (nctorll, marital nlntus nnd children for mule anu fcm011c mnl\:lr,crll..? f 01 \I tll j ~X_ r !_rn~, 1%(). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-means-and-standard-deviations-of-selected-variables-2mlzj9kj.png Table 5. Means and standard deviations of selected variables, male and female man,1~('rs of a utility firm, 1960. https://scispace.com/papers/sexual-signal-evolution-outpaces-ecological-divergence-e2yuto3704 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-paramormyrops-species-richness-in-34haers7.png Figure 2: Distribution of Paramormyrops species richness in west-central Africa. Only the best-sampled sites are mapped (i.e., sites at which multiple collections were made between 1998 and 2009). The number of sympatric Paramormyrops species is given for each collection point, conservatively counting the two sympatric morphs of the magnostipes complex as one species wherever one or both morphs co-occur. Paramormyrops is largely restricted to the area between and including the greater Ogooué River basin and the Ntem River. Diversity declines to zero or one sympatric species outside this area. The region of highest-known Paramormyrops diversity occurs within the Ivindo branch of the Ogooué River system. Inset, two mormyrid communities (filled circles) at which rates of trait divergence were measured and compared for the present investigation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistical-analysis-of-trait-variation-among-15g18ag4.png Table 1: Statistical analysis of trait variation among mormyrid species and morphs in each community https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-morphological-landmarks-circles-with-numbers-and-cvd3gko3.png Figure 4: Morphological landmarks (circles with numbers) and semilandmarks (small points without numbers) capturing shape and size variation among mormyrid species and morphs. Here, Paramormyrops sp. SN9 (specimen 5608) illustrates one of the photographs of fixed specimens used to determine x- and y-coordinates of landmarks and semilandmarks. Landmarks 1–17 are defined in the key. In addition to these morphological loci, the dorsal edge of each individual’s head and anterior body was represented by 50 evenly spaced semilandmarks between landmarks 3 and 15. The ventral edge was similarly represented by 50 semilandmarks between landmarks 5 and 13. Ruler units in centimeters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variation-in-adult-body-size-among-mormyrid-species-1mpf117m.png Figure 6: Variation in adult body size among mormyrid species at Balé Creek (A) and Loa Loa Rapids (B). Centroid size of each individual, a measure of body size, is the square root of the sum of squared distances between each morphological landmark (shown in fig. 4) and the center of the form. Boxplots on a natural-log scale show medians (thick horizontal segments), interquartile ranges (IQRs) around the medians (boxes), nonoutlier ranges (whiskers), and outliers (points). Any observation more than 1.5# IQR lower than the first quartile or 1.5# IQR higher than the third quartile is considered an outlier. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fit-of-a-no-intercept-breakpoint-regression-model-to-1eouh2lc.png Table 3: Fit of a no-intercept breakpoint regression model to the relationships between trait distance and phylogenetic distance, relative to a no-intercept simple linear regression model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-electric-organ-discharges-eods-of-all-individuals-2gnz1lu2.png Figure 3: Electric organ discharges (EODs) of all individuals used for measuring electric signal variation at Balé Creek (left) and Loa Loa Rapids (right). Amplitude-normalized EODs are grouped by taxon and site and plotted head-positive-up on the same timescale (bars p 1 ms). When the peak P1 is always the largest positive peak in the waveforms of each group, EODs are aligned in time at this waveform landmark for the purpose of plotting them here. In the cases of Paramormyrops sp. TEN and Stomatorhinus ivindoensis, P1 is not necessarily the largest head-positive peak in the waveform, requiring manual P1 alignment. In these exceptional cases EODs are aligned here at P2 (asterisks), although manual P1 alignment was nevertheless used for centering EODs before the discrete wavelet transform performed for the sensitivity analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-difference-in-initial-divergence-rates-between-147b3wi0.png Table 4: Difference in initial divergence rates between electric signals and each of the three ecological traits (i.e., results of the main analysis) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-rates-of-trait-divergence-measured-in-two-mormyrid-1m5rizup.png Figure 7: Rates of trait divergence measured in two mormyrid communities. Trait distance between taxa is represented for each of four character complexes (see key) as Mahalanobis distance. Ultrametric tree distance serves as a measure of phylogenetic distance (i.e., relative evolutionary time). Data are shown for the Paramormyrops species flock (A, B) and all mormyrids including Paramormyrops (C, D) in Balé Creek (left) and Loa Loa Rapids (right). Color-coded lines shown in each plot were estimated using breakpoint regression. In each case, the slope of the initial prebreakpoint segment describes the initial divergence rate during species radiation (reported in table 4). https://scispace.com/papers/sexual-violence-against-women-and-children-in-chinese-2lwivjmssx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-newly-reported-sexual-violence-cases-in-2007-in-hong-1yaxyw1h.png Table 3: Newly Reported Sexual Violence Cases in 2007 in Hong Kong https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-studies-of-the-prevalence-of-spousal-sexual-violence-owcmuobh.png Table 1: Studies of the Prevalence of Spousal Sexual Violence in Chinese Societies, Published in English Journals https://scispace.com/papers/sexuality-and-persons-with-down-syndrome-a-study-from-brazil-4x9lnyx7tf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-what-would-you-change-about-yourself-1f3se5nj.png Table 3. What would you change about yourself? https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-appearance-32rfb4pn.png Table 2. Appearance https://scispace.com/papers/sf6-quenched-gas-mixtures-for-streamer-mode-operation-of-28y37k0vh1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-arrival-time-distribution-at-4-78-kv-with-1-6-sf6-3i7r63bj.png Fig. 8. Arrival time distribution at 4:78 kV with 1.6% SF6 added to the gas mixture Ar=C2H2F4=i-C4H10 ¼ 83=10=7: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-prompt-charge-distributions-at-93-efficiency-of-the-1hrv0her.png Fig. 7. Prompt charge distributions at 93% efficiency of the mixture Ar=C2H2F4=i-C4H10 ¼ 83=10=7 with the addition of: 0% SF6 (a), 0.8% (b) and 1.6% (c). The events in overflow are 14 (a), 32 (b) and 60 (c). Note the different abscissa scale in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-slope-of-the-dark-current-for-the-temperature-damaged-29b7keox.png Fig. 10. Slope of the dark current for the temperature damaged RPC as a function of the environment temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-efficiency-upper-plot-and-operating-current-lower-plot-3dc0dzek.png Fig. 9. Efficiency (upper plot) and operating current (lower plot) of the temperature damaged RPC for the standard (full marks) and the low voltage mixture (blank marks). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-waveform-of-the-pad-signal-recorded-with-a-1l0bxp8m.png Fig. 1. Typical waveform of the pad signal recorded with a digital scope. The signal is integrated by the large pad capacitance. The risetime of about 20 ns corresponds to the streamer duration: the amplitude is consistent with the total induced charge and the pad capacitance. The exponential tail is due to the 50 ns time constant of the pick up circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-efficiency-dots-and-operating-current-continuous-line-n1wiptt5.png Fig. 11. Efficiency (dots) and operating current (continuous line) vs. operating time for the temperature damaged RPC filled with the standard gas mixture and operated at T ¼ 201C: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-efficiency-upper-plot-and-operating-current-lower-o40rsxvo.png Fig. 14. Efficiency (upper plot) and operating current (lower plot) for the temperature damaged RPC before and after 24 h of operation with the standard gas mixture at a temperature of 201C: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-efficiency-dots-and-operating-current-continuous-line-7qsfej9g.png Fig. 12. Efficiency (dots) and operating current (continuous line) vs. operating time for the temperature damaged RPC filled with the low voltage gas mixture and operated at T ¼ 201C: https://scispace.com/papers/seyl-gazi-jeolojik-ozellikleri-cevresel-etkileri-ve-kuresel-3yp07ptnx3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-field-overview-of-performed-shale-gas-production-2o19pc5o.png Figure 9. Field overview of performed shale gas production area (a) and some effects of environment (b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-relationship-between-conventional-and-non-wa8isno0.png Figure 2. The relationship between conventional and non-conventional gases (US EIA, 2010) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-oil-wti-oil-prices-related-changes-in-the-3msqjq1e.png Figure 3. Oil (WTI oil) prices, related changes in the historical process and the impact of global events (www. ktwop.com) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-countries-where-conventional-and-shale-gas-1avrmcdq.png Figure 6. a) Countries where conventional and shale gas reserves in the world, b) and amount of reserve (Tcf) (US EIA/ARI, 2014) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-economic-evaluation-of-natural-gas-and-shale-gas-9xk3itfl.png Figure 10. Economic evaluation of natural gas and shale gas and their historical price changes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-the-amount-of-gas-production-in-the-world-billion-20y74j06.png Figure 5. a) The amount of gas production in the World (billion m3) and b) United States shale gas production values between 2000 and 2013 years (US EIA, 2013a) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-crude-oil-and-other-liquid-fuels-supply-according-1a67fwev.png Figure 1. Crude oil and other liquid fuels supply according to sources in the United States (1970-2040) (US EIA, 2013a) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gas-productive-shales-in-the-united-states-and-jnjapy3a.png Figure 4. Gas productive shales in the United States and their mineralogical properties (A. Barnett Shale, B-Cretaceous Shale) (Buller et al., 2010) https://scispace.com/papers/shade-face-multiple-image-based-3d-face-recognition-4tjrae1jxp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-mean-and-standard-deviation-of-correlation-3rvik7n4.png Figure 5. The mean and standard deviation of correlation between different identities decrease as more subspace contourlet coefficients are added in the global representation. Saturation is reached at about 400 coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sample-3d-faces-left-acquired-with-the-minolta-xgg3jr79.png Figure 6. Sample 3D faces (left) acquired with the Minolta laser scanner in our lab. The 3D faces are normalized (middle) along with their texture (right) according to [14]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-shade-face-algorithm-performance-b-r3d-face-2ew6hpn3.png Figure 7. (a) Shade Face algorithm performance. (b) R3D face recognition algorithm [14] performance. (c) MMHa multimodal 2D-3D face recognition algorithm [14] performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-proposed-face-recognition-dllsnng9.png Figure 1. Illustration of the proposed face recognition paradigm. A camera acquires multiple images of a subject while a white stripe is scanned on the screen to vary the illumination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sample-faces-after-preprocessing-3jz86ce5.png Figure 2. Sample faces after preprocessing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-illustration-of-sliding-window-2osatbnx.png Figure 4. Illustration of sliding window. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-contourlet-coefficients-of-a-face-2p56j584.png Figure 3. Contourlet coefficients of a face. https://scispace.com/papers/shades-of-green-measuring-the-value-of-urban-forests-in-the-f141pvfq5r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-research-triangle-region-developed-areas-10-acres-15q8cz8x.png Figure 2. Research Triangle Region: Developed Areas >10 Acres https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-parcel-distribution-of-distance-from-durham-in-1ni56llm.png Figure 3. Parcel Distribution of Distance from Durham, in Minutes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-continued-3c2g29zf.png Table 2. Summary Statistics (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hedonic-price-functions-with-forest-proximity-and-1ig7gqsc.png Table 3. Hedonic Price Functions with Forest Proximity and Greenness Variables, Coefficient and (standard error) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hedonic-price-functions-with-forest-proximity-and-1es6pje1.png Table 3. Hedonic Price Functions with Forest Proximity and Greenness Variables, Coefficient and (standard error) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlation-coefficients-276rmhjd.png Table 1. Correlation Coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-research-triangle-region-forest-patches-40-acres-2ss87z1k.png Figure 1. Research Triangle Region: Forest Patches >40 Acres https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-3ia9m8x7.png Table 2. Summary Statistics (continued) https://scispace.com/papers/shadow-price-of-patent-stock-as-knowledge-stock-time-and-7a11mnnhjg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-shadow-price-the-iwi-model-2yumjvhe.png Table 6. Shadow price: the IWI model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dea-score-in-the-base-scenario-simple-and-weighted-pxo2cuwn.png Table 3. DEA score in the base scenario (simple and weighted average) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-shadow-value-the-base-model-units-billion-usd-and-rt4yxzpe.png Table 7. Shadow value: the base model (units: billion USD and %) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-2xroqxr0.png Table 2. Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dea-score-in-the-iwi-model-simple-and-weighted-t1n397zn.png Table 4. DEA score in the IWI model (simple and weighted average) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-shadow-price-the-base-model-2f4wwgsq.png Table 5. Shadow price: the base model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-patent-stock-in-1992-and-2010-1oyruudz.png Table 1. Total patent stock in 1992 and 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-shadow-value-the-iwi-model-units-billion-usd-and-1poe3l3z.png Table 8. Shadow value: the IWI model (units: billion USD and %) https://scispace.com/papers/shaking-hands-is-a-putative-terminal-selector-and-controls-a1d69fr2oy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-embryonic-expression-of-dm-skh-a-a-skh-rna-in-situ-3pzdndli.png Figure 9. Embryonic expression of Dm skh. (A,A’) skh RNA in situ (red) and DAPI staining (blue). 497 (A,A’) stage 16 whole-mount embryo; anterior is up. (A) dorsal view; (A’) ventral view. Note that 498 Dm skh RNA is restricted to the brain. Red fluorescence in the trachea is an in situ artefact (arrow). 499 (B) Spatial organization of skh RNA expressing cells and major axon tracts; skh RNA in situ 500 (magenta) combined with an -acetylated Tubulin (green) staining. (B’) skh RNA only. Compare 501 with Figure 6B: embryonic skh-expressing cells are similarly distributed in Tribolium and Drosophila. 502 (B’’) -acetylated Tubulin only. White lines indicate the dorsal midline in all panels except (A’) 503 where it marks the ventral midline. 504 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-g10011-gfp-reflects-the-rna-expression-of-tc-1wdfzowa.png Figure 6. G10011-GFP reflects the RNA expression of Tc-shaking hands (skh) (TC007335). Double 417 fluorescent in situ with a GFP (magenta) and a skh (green) RNA probe in a stage NS14 embryo. (A-418 A’) Dorsal view of a whole-mount embryo. Note that the expression of GFP and skh are restricted to 419 the brain and stomodeum (asterisk). (B-B’’) GFP and skh RNA expression co-localize in the 420 embryonic brain. White lines indicate the midline. (C-C’’) skh RNA in situ (magenta) combined with 421 -GFP antibody staining (green) in an adult G10011 brain. Serial confocal sections were combined 422 and visualized as maximum intensity projections. Note the co-localization of skh RNA and GFP 423 protein. 424 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-enhancer-trap-line-g10011-gfp-labels-a-subset-31umcucv.png Figure 1. The enhancer trap line G10011-GFP labels a subset of CX neuropils in the adult Tribolium 143 brain. Brain of an animal with the genotype G10011-GFP;Ten-a-RFP (GFP auto-fluorescence green, 144 and RFP auto-fluorescence magenta). Note that Ten-a-RFP expression is restricted to the mushroom 145 bodies (MB; magenta). Serial confocal sections were combined and visualized as maximum intensity 146 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-g10011-gfp-expression-is-restricted-to-non-dividing-pg3g2oox.png Figure 7. G10011-GFP expression is restricted to non-dividing, non-glial cells. Embryonic G10011 441 brains were stained with -GFP (green) and -PH3 (A-A’’) or -Repo (B-C’’) (magenta). Serial 442 confocal sections were combined and visualized as maximum intensity projections. (A-A’’) NS13 and 443 (B-C’’) NS14. Note that there is no overlap of GFP- and PH3- or Repo- expressing cells. White lines 444 indicate the midline. 445 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-embryonic-expression-of-g10011-and-formation-of-the-xr4iabjx.png Figure 3. Embryonic expression of G10011 and formation of the embryonic commissural system. (A-261 H’) Developmental series of G10011-GFP brains beginning from stage NS11 (~65% embryogenesis) 262 up to stage NS15 (100% embryogenesis). (For details of embryogenesis and staging see Figure S2) 263 Coordinates are given according to the body axes (b-A arrow in A indicates ”anterior up”). (A-H) 264 Double immuno-staining with -GFP (green) and -acetylated Tubulin (magenta) antibodies. (A-C) 265 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gfp-expression-in-the-late-g10011-larva-a-l-gfp-y0xnxzky.png Figure 4. GFP expression in the late G10011 larva. (A-L) GFP auto-fluorescence (green) and DAPI 358 (blue) staining. (D’, E’, H’ and L’) GFP only. Serial confocal sections were combined and visualized 359 as maximum intensity projections to display individual anatomical features. Scan direction is from the 360 n-dorsal (A) towards the n-ventral (L) surface of the brain. Depth along the Z-axis is given in m. (A-361 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-parental-rnai-of-skh-leads-to-severe-axon-outgrowth-3vh0fsk8.png Figure 8. parental RNAi of skh leads to severe axon outgrowth defects in the embryonic brain. 461 G10011-GFP stage NS14 brains double-stained with -GFP (green) and -acTubulin (magenta); 462 dorsal views. (A-B’’) Control brain (progeny of buffer-injected pupae). (A) whole brain at low 463 magnification; GFP-positive axon tracts join the commissural system linking both hemispheres of the 464 protocerebrum (arrow). The arrowhead indicates GFP-positive cell clusters in the posterior brain. (B-465 B’’) close-ups; GFP-positive axons project towards the midline (arrows). GFP-positive input into the 466 primary commissure stems largely from cells located in posterior dorsomedial and dorsolateral 467 regions of the brain (arrow). (C-D’’) skh RNAi brain. (C) whole brain at low magnification; GFP-468 positive axons fail to join the commissural system. Arrowhead indicates the loss of GFP-positive cell 469 clusters. (D-D’’) Close-ups; (D’) GFP-positive axons stall while most acTubulin-positive axons are 470 unaffected (D’’). White lines indicate the midline. (E,F) Quantification of skh RNAi phenotypes. (E) 471 commissural defects were scored at stages NS14 and NS15. Buffer-injected control (co) n=80 (2 472 biological replicates) 3% defects, dsRNA frag1 n=85 (2 biological replicates) 71% defects, dsRNA 473 frag2 n=35, 48% defects. (F) Loss of GFP-positive cells in skh RNAi embryos were scored at NS15. 474 Buffer-injected control (co): 362 GFP-positive cells (n=4), dsRNA frag1: 308 GFP-positive cells 475 (n=4). Statistical significance was determined by one way ANOVA, ** = P<0.05. 476 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gfp-expression-in-the-late-90-development-g10011-2nf5rxmr.png Figure 5. GFP-expression in the late (90% development) G10011 pupal brain. (A-C) GFP 400 autofluorescence (in A combined with combined with DAPI staining, blue). (A) Confocal stack is 401 visualized as maximum intensity projection. The columnar organization of the FB is well established. 402 Note the ring neurons (R-N) and their projection towards the EB (arrowhead). (B) Columnar neurons, 403 their arborizations within the glomeruli of the PB and their axon trajectories z, y, x (the w tract is not 404 in focus). The PB is not yet fused at the midline. (C) The EB is well developed in the late pupa. 405 https://scispace.com/papers/shale-oil-production-performance-from-a-stimulated-reservoir-f155mk719y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-base-case-simulation-results-time-axis-on-2pxi9ugw.png Figure 17: Base case simulation results – time axis on logarithmic scale https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reservoir-properties-for-eagle-ford-oil-window-well-3gn2xrop.png Table 1: Reservoir properties for Eagle Ford oil window well setup https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hydraulic-fracture-properties-for-eagle-ford-oil-35z1aflh.png Table 2: Hydraulic fracture properties for Eagle Ford oil window well setup https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pvt-properties-of-oil-used-for-eagle-ford-oil-window-2xug7aj9.png Table 3: PVT properties of oil used for Eagle Ford oil window well setup https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-eagle-ford-shale-play-energy-information-10mrc5co.png Figure 5: Eagle Ford shale play (Energy Information Administration, 2011) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-fracture-conductivity-sensitivity-base-case-has-9lla01da.png Figure 24: Fracture conductivity sensitivity. Base case has fracture spacing of 200 ft, fracture half-length of 500 ft, rock compressibility of 5 . 10 -6 psi -1 , critical gas saturation of 0.05, flowing bottom-hole pressure of 1000 psi, fracture conductivity of 83.3 md-ft and matrix permeability of 1 . 10 -4 md https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-brinell-hardness-number-from-core-tests-of-various-3nlrssu4.png Figure 8: Brinell hardness number from core tests of various shale reservoirs in North America (Modified from Stegent et al. 2010) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mineral-composition-in-eagle-ford-shale-and-barnett-2lwgmp6w.png Figure 7: Mineral composition in Eagle Ford shale and Barnett shale (Passey et al. 2010) https://scispace.com/papers/shallow-flows-of-generalised-newtonian-fluids-on-an-inclined-1rzemhny0p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-profiles-of-the-centred-wave-solution-for-a-carreau-2hakwumf.png Figure 5: Profiles of the centred-wave solution for a Carreau fluid with µ∗∞ = 0.2 and n = 0.25: (a) and (b) show profiles h∗ at various times plotted as functions of the space variable x∗, while (c) and (d) show scaled profiles h∗/h∗F at the same times, plotted as functions of the scaled space variable x∗/x∗F; the dashed line in these figures is the Newtonian solution h∗/h∗F = (x ∗/x∗F) 1/2. Figures (a) and (c) show profiles at early times, from t∗ = 0.0001 to t∗ = 0.1, for six exponentially spaced values of t∗. Figures (b) and (d) show profiles at later times, from t∗ = 0.1 to t∗ = 100, for six exponentially spaced values of t∗. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-a-carreau-fluid-with-n-0-5-the-wave-speed-c-forh-exdpgal5.png Figure 3: (a) A Carreau fluid with n = 0.5: the wave speed c∗ forH∗∞ = 0.5 as a function of the reference shear rate λ∗ and the high-shear-rate viscosity µ∗∞. Contours are at c∗ = 2j/2 from j = −1 to j = 4. (b) A Carreau fluid with n = 0.5 and µ∗∞ = 0.1: the wave speed c∗ as a function of the reference shear rate λ∗ and the downstream fluid depth H∗∞. Contours are at c∗ = 2j/2 from j = −2 to j = 5. In the Newtonian limit, c∗ = (1 +H∗∞ +H∗2∞ )/3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-centred-wave-solution-quantities-at-the-front-of-3hwgxpw0.png Figure 4: Centred-wave solution: quantities at the front of the current for a Carreau fluid with µ∗∞ = 0.2 and n = 0.5 (solid), n = 0.25 (heavy dashed), n = 0.75 (light dashed) : (a) front shear rate q∗0F(t ∗); (b) front position x∗F(t ∗); (c) depth at the front h∗F(t ∗). Dotted lines in each plot show the results for Newtonian fluids with µ∗ = 1 and with µ∗ = 0.2. Note the logarithmic scales in each case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-the-centred-wave-solutions-for-a-2f3cyu3l.png Figure 6: Comparison of the centred-wave solutions for a Casson fluid (solid lines) and a Bingham fluid (dashed lines): (a) the length of the current x∗F; (b) the depth at the front of the current h∗F, with the large-time asymptotic limit h ∗ F = 1 (dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-profiles-of-the-centred-wave-solution-for-a-c-a-3lgya4gm.png Figure 7: Profiles of the centred-wave solution for (a), (c) a Casson fluid and (b), (d) a Bingham fluid: (a) and (b) show profiles h∗ at various times plotted as functions of the space variable x∗, while (c) and (d) show scaled profiles h∗/h∗F at the same times, plotted as functions of the scaled space variable x∗/x∗F. All profiles are plotted at eleven exponentially spaced values of t∗ from t∗ = 0.1 to t∗ = 100. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-a-shallow-two-dimensional-flow-on-an-1f2xmwt3.png Figure 1: Schematic of a shallow two-dimensional flow on an inclined plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-travelling-wave-solutions-for-a-carreau-fluid-with-1pn7bq7m.png Figure 2: Travelling-wave solutions for a Carreau fluid with µ∗∞ = 0.1, n = 0.5 and H∗∞ = 0.1, for λ∗ = 0.1, 1, 10, 25 and 100; (a, b) profile of the current H∗(η∗); (c, d) basal shear stress τ∗ = µ∗(q∗0)q ∗ 0 . Parts (b) and (d) are enlarged plots of the region of the ‘nose’. The solutions for λ∗ = 0.1 are visually indistinguishable from those for a Newtonian fluid. https://scispace.com/papers/shallow-evolutionary-divergence-between-two-andean-2s8rh22vjq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nd2-phylogenetic-reconstructions-and-haplotype-2u6bfryg.png Figure 2. ND2 phylogenetic reconstructions and haplotype network show lack of divergence 824 between C. helianthea and C. b. bonapartei/consita. The ND2 gene trees (A) and haplotype 825 networks (B) show C. helianthea and C. b. bonapartei/consita in a single clade separate from a 826 C. b. eos clade. Most specimens of the northern subspecies C. h. tamai and C. b. consita cluster 827 together, whereas southern subspecies C. h. helianthea and C. b. bonapartei form another cluster, 828 suggesting that population structure more strongly reflects geography (i.e. north-south 829 differentiation) than taxonomy based on plumage phenotype. The phylogenetic reconstruction 830 based on UCE loci shows C. helianthea nested within C. b. bonapartei/consita (C). Numbers at 831 the right of the individuals in the tips of the trees correspond to the sampled localities (Table S1). 832 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-c-helianthea-and-c-b-bonapartei-consita-do-not-2pshxpxv.png Figure 4. C. helianthea and C. b. bonapartei/consita do not differ in climatic niches thus do not 848 support Gloger’s rule. The climatic niches of C. helianthea and C. b. bonapartei/consita overlap 849 considerably (D = 0.65) (A). The climatic niche of C. b. eos overlaps very little with C. 850 helianthea (D = 0.10) and C. b. bonapartei/consita (D = 0.07) climatic niches (B). Nevertheless, 851 relative to the background the differences between the niches are not significant in any case 852 (p>0.1). 853 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geographical-distribution-and-sampled-localities-of-3m1cm2er.png Figure 1. Geographical distribution and sampled localities of C. helianthea and C. bonapartei. 817 Black dots correspond to localities of specimens sampled for genetic markers. Colored dots 818 correspond to occurrence data obtained from public data bases (see Material and Methods). Both 819 were used for niche overlap analysis. Polygons correspond to the likely distributions of the 820 subspecies according to elevational limits (Ayerbe-Quiñones 2015) and occurrence data. 821 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-migration-parameter-estimates-suggest-gene-flow-3k4dgy2o.png Figure 3. Migration parameter estimates suggest gene flow after the divergence between C. 835 helianthea to C. bonapartei. Posterior distributions of the migration parameter M=m/µ from C. 836 helianthea to C. bonapartei and vice versa (A) estimated based on ND2 (top) and UCE (bottom) 837 data; colors correspond to the limits of the intervals accumulating 50% (black), 75% (dark gray) 838 and 95% (light gray) of the probability density. The red horizontal line corresponds to the prior, 839 which is constant. Migration parameter M estimated value (y axis) from C. helianthea to C. 840 bonapartei (green) and vice versa (blue) changing through time (scaled by mutation rate per 841 generation per site, 0 = today) (B) for the ND2 (upper panel) and UCE (bottom panel) data sets. 842 Dashed boxes in green and blue depict ca. 1.96 of standard error of the estimated value of M. The 843 red vertical dashed lines and boxes correspond to the mean value and one standard deviation, 844 respectively, of the estimated time of the most recent common ancestor of the species. 845 https://scispace.com/papers/shape-based-recognition-of-wiry-objects-y5antpmx9u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-we-address-the-recognition-of-objects-like-chairs-20sehh5p.png Figure 1. We address the recognition of objects like chairs(top) and carts(bottom) based on edge cues. Top Row: Example input image (left) and edge filtering result (right). Bottom Row: Example image with detected edges overlaid (left) and edge filtering result (right). See Section 1 for an overview and Section 3 for details on experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-edge-pixel-filtering-results-for-classifier-cascades-2olrhyx3.png Table 2. Edge pixel filtering results for classifier cascades trained on a different set of environments than the test images. See Table 1 for an explanation of notation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-edge-pixel-filtering-on-the-conference-room-image-3honm83i.png Table 3. Edge pixel filtering on the conference room image set for various settings of σ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-input-image-of-the-ladder-in-the-kitchen-19oi7d3c.png Figure 2. Input image of the ladder in the kitchen environment (top left), edges detected in the scene (top right), result of the edge filtering technique described in Section 2(bottom left), results of edge grouping described in Section 3.3(bottom right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-number-of-relative-probe-centers-second-column-9ec3317m.png Table 4. Number of relative probe centers (second column), number of training examples (third column), and decision tree induction times (fourth column, hours:minutes) for various cascade phases for the classroom image set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-left-histogram-of-the-number-of-edge-probes-16bbxym1.png Figure 6. Left: histogram of the number of edge probes evaluated per edge point in 54 test images. Right: cumulative distribution function for this histogram. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-a-edge-probes-are-evaluated-in-a-circular-region-1dlut8l0.png Figure 3. 3(a): Edge probes are evaluated in a circular region surrounding a query edge point. The query edge point is marked “X,” and edge probes are evaluated at locations marked “+.” 3(b) Each edge probe measures edge density in some image neighborhood. Here an edge probe is evaluated at shifted probe center q + δ for a query edge point q. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-left-the-set-of-all-relative-probe-centers-for-the-1ev7cnfd.png Figure 7. Left: The set of all relative probe centers for the 20th cascade phase, shifted to the point at the white circle, are shown as black dots. Right: In order to classify the point, edge probes are only evaluated at the probe centers shown in black. https://scispace.com/papers/shallow-sparse-autoencoders-versus-sparse-coding-algorithms-64m8dfwmpk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolution-of-pnsr-with-r-lnf8zk6u.png Fig. 2: Evolution of PNSR with R. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-image-compression-scheme-on-g-142q9zud.png Fig. 1: Image compression scheme on Γ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-evolution-of-psnr-with-r-n-288-8-bits-uniform-v8v16i4j.png Fig. 3: Evolution of PSNR with R, n = 288, 8-bits uniform quantization. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-complexity-per-image-patch-assuming-that-z-0-m-n-vmt8c2ug.png Table 1: complexity per image patch assuming that ‖z‖0 m ≤ n. https://scispace.com/papers/shape-based-object-recognition-in-videos-using-3d-synthetic-47hjuxkvm5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-upper-left-all-features-with-their-motion-blue-1weqvxba.png Figure 3. Upper left: all features with their motion (blue denotes object, red - background) and their Delaunay triangulation; upper right - a zoom in of featureA and its triangles; lower right: motion model energy of each triangle (dark blue means object); lower left: propagation of the triangle energy to the segments. (For further explanation see text.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-view-graph-500-viewing-points-blue-extracted-17bb2rxy.png Figure 4. View graph: 500 viewing points (blue) extracted initially and the view graph (red) after clustering. Some of the silhouettes are displayed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-matching-results-and-model-alignment-for-6-videos-1hq0fr0m.png Figure 8. Matching results and model alignment for 6 videos. For each example, we show in three rows the input video, the detected silhouette sequence, and the aligned matched model (we sample 8 equally spaced in time frames from each of the displayed videos). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-recognition-in-videos-by-matching-the-shapes-of-3n1cdnp6.png Figure 1. Recognition in videos by matching the shapes of object silhouettes obtained using motion segmentation with silhouettes obtained from 3D models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-crf-model-of-the-video-to-model-alignment-nzfr3szb.png Figure 5. Left: CRF model of the video-to-model alignment. Right: alignment shown for 3 frames of a video and a model view graph. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-left-precision-recall-curves-right-recognition-386a9sau.png Figure 6. Left: precision-recall curves. Right: recognition accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-failure-cases-for-the-matching-first-row-frame-l6v33t7n.png Figure 7. Failure cases for the matching (first row – frame, second row – object mask, third row - best model match). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-on-the-left-is-a-schematic-of-the-object-silhouette-rz559dg1.png Figure 2. On the left is a schematic of the object silhouette extraction, and on the right is an example on a car video: (1) feature clustering based on common motion; (2) segment tracks; (3) object silhouette. https://scispace.com/papers/shape-and-size-of-giant-unilamellar-phospholipid-vesicles-bgvqhnm6mb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistical-significance-of-the-differences-in-sizes-2eg06d42.png Table 1. Statistical Significance of the Differences in Sizes of Vesicles Prepared from Mixtures Containing Different Weight Ratios of Cardiolipin (CL) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-two-compartment-vesicle-with-a-soft-bilayer-wall-hvvgdteh.png Figure 4. A two-compartment vesicle with a soft bilayer wall between the compartments. Bar represents 10µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-size-effective-vesicle-diameter-distribution-1s7apx9i.png Figure 5. Size (effective vesicle diameter) distribution prepared from mixtures containing different weight ratios of cardiolipin. Errors of each column are estimated respectively as 2/3 of the largest deviation from the average obtained from three independent experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-determination-of-the-vesicle-size-diameter-of-the-2y5oq4nv.png Figure 1. Determination of the vesicle size. Diameter of the effective circle was taken as the average of the vertical and the horizontal dimension of the vesicle. Bar represents 10µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-giant-popc-vesicles-prepared-from-the-mixture-3ssnk8pi.png Figure 3. Two giant POPC vesicles prepared from the mixture containing 30% of cardiolipin that exhibit large areas of “nonspherical” shape. Bar represents 10µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-electroformation-of-giant-phospholipid-vesicles-a-uc70jzre.png Figure 2. Electroformation of giant phospholipid vesicles: (A) pure POPC membrane and (B) POPC-cardiolipin membrane several minutes after applying the electric field (peculiar owl-like shapes can be distinguished). Bar represents 20µm. https://scispace.com/papers/shape-factors-and-cross-sectional-risk-23vyeoytdf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-historical-volatilities-computed-at-benchmark-times-1oh6w6m6.png Figure 3: Historical volatilities computed at benchmark times-to-maturity (dots) vs. volatility curve recovered using the first one, two, three, and four more significant yield factors (plain line) and shape factors (dashed line). Panel (a) refers to USD swap market quotes prevailing in the period between March 1, 1988 and February 28, 2002 (Source: BNP Paribas); Panel (b) refers to ECB quoted Eurobond yields prevailing in the period between December 29, 2006 and May 22, 2008 (Source: DataStream). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-caplet-price-excess-of-fair-value-computed-using-17qe5hc2.png Figure 5: Caplet price excess of fair value computed using shape volatility over fair value computed using constant Black volatility across varying times-to-maturity and strikes. Shape volatility is recovered using the first three most significant shape factors over the entire data set. Constant Black volatility is calculated as the average shape volatility over option maturities ranging from six months to two years and rate maturities comprised between the caplet maturity and three years later. Figures refer to USD swap market quotes prevailing in the period between March 1, 1988 and February 28, 2002 (Source: BNP Paribas) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-quota-of-the-overall-shape-resp-yield-33cec8w5.png Table 2: Percentage quota of the overall shape (resp. yield) volatility that is embodied by the most signi cant one, two, three, and four shape (resp. point) factors over four distinct periods of time. Figures refer to daily monitored USD swap market quotes prevailing in reported subperiods between March 1, 1988 and February 28, 2002 (Source: BNP Paribas). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-divergence-of-caplet-prices-computed-using-shape-2mmoknum.png Figure 6: Divergence of caplet prices computed using shape volatility recovered using an increasing number of retained shape factors. Panel (a) represents the difference across varying levels of strike K and option maturity T between the caplet price computed using one shape factor and the caplet price computed using two shape factors. The surfaces exhibited in Panel (b) and Panel (c) display similar figures for the cases involving three and four shape factors, respectively. Figures refer to USD swap market quotes prevailing in the period between March 1, 1988 and February 28, 2002 (Source: BNP Paribas). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-panel-a-first-three-shape-factors-in-the-usd-swap-2tf0i7xk.png Figure 1. Panel (a): First three shape factors in the USD swap market prevailing in the period between March 1, 1988 and February 28, 2002 (Source: BNP Paribas). This data set contains 3653 daily observations, each one collecting par zerocoupon rates for benchmark times-to-maturity corresponding to 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 5 years, 7 years, 10 years, 15 years, and 20 years. The first shape factor (solid line) represents a parallel shift; the second shape factor (dotted line) drives variation in slope; the third shape factor (dashed line) embodies a convexity adjustment. Panel (b) First three shape factors in the Eurobond markets prevailing in the period between December 29, 2006 and May 22, 2008 (Source: DataStream). This data set contains 365 daily observations of instantaneous forward rates quoted by the European Central Bank (ECB). Rates are stripped from AAA-rated government bonds in the Euro area and refer to times-tomaturity equal to 9 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 6 years, and 7 years. The first shape factor (solid line) represents a change in curve slope; the second and the third shape factors (dotted and dashed lines, respectively) drive convexity adjustments. Panel (c) First three shape factors in the oil futures markets prevailing in the period between May 22, 1995 and May 5, 1999 (Source: DataStream). This data set contains 1044 daily observations of futures prices quoted at NYMEX for physical delivery of crude oil in four to eleven months at a monthly pace. The first shape factor (solid line) represents a parallel shift; the second shape factor (dotted line) embodies a convexity adjustment; the third shape factor (dashed line) drives variation in curve slope. https://scispace.com/papers/shape-coexistence-and-shape-transition-in-self-conjugate-5672na1cmw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-energy-levels-b-e2-values-and-spectroscopic-19jr0k6f.png Figure 1: Energy levels, B(E2) values, and spectroscopic quadrupole moments Qs for 72Kr. The B(E2) and Qs values are indicated by the numbers, in units of e2fm4 and efm2, respectively. The red and blue arrows indicate the B(E2)s that connect the states with negative and positive Qs values, corresponding to prolate and oblate bands, respectively. Experimental data (left graph) are compared with the PMMU calculations with (mid graph) and without (right graph) the tensor force. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-color-online-spin-i-versus-the-rotational-frequency-oa2go2a7.png Figure 3: (Color online) Spin I versus the rotational frequency h̄ω . The experimental data are plotted for the even-even N = Z nuclei with A = 64−84. The calculated results for the oblate and prolate bands in 72Kr, shown in Fig. 1, are also plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-color-online-occupation-numbers-for-72kr-same-for-bppeba2i.png Figure 2: (Color online) Occupation numbers for 72Kr, same for protons and neutrons. The solid (dashed) lines indicate occupation numbers calculated with (without) the tensor force. Red and blue lines are used to distinguish occupation numbers for the prolate and oblate bands shown in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-b-e2-and-qs-values-for-the-positive-parity-yrast-1jkuprv8.png Table 1: B(E2) and Qs values for the positive-parity yrast states and some collective states of 72Kr. Experimental data are taken from Ref. [11, 29]. https://scispace.com/papers/shape-design-in-aorto-coronaric-bypass-anastomoses-using-lqhy9vxhze 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-simple-domain-simp-x96qoc7l.png Figure 4: The “simple” domain Ω̃simp. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-subdomain-simp-0-ct1mgr8l.png Figure 6: Subdomain Ωsimp → Ω0 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-idealized-2-d-bypass-configuration-before-optimal-3k0mstgw.png Figure 8: Idealized, 2-D bypass configuration before optimal shape design process: iso-velocity [cms−1]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-bypass-configuration-at-the-end-of-shape-23fqcfd7.png Figure 9: Bypass configuration at the end of shape optimization using first corrections: iso-velocity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-subdomain-ob-o6xgb6ep.png Figure 5: Subdomain Ωob . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-idealized-2-d-bypass-bridge-configuration-top-and-21bh1e4o.png Figure 1: Idealized, 2-D bypass bridge configuration (top) and detail of the sensible part for the optimization process . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-adjoint-solution-q-in-bypass-configuration-in-the-3txmt37i.png Figure 10: Adjoint solution q in Bypass configuration in the reference domain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-2-gw-gw1-gw2-gw3-g0-1-1-7zfz5wtq.png Figure 2: Ω = Ω1 ∪ Ω2,Γw = Γw1 ∪ Γw2 ∪ Γw3 , Γ0 = Ω1 ∪ Ω1 . https://scispace.com/papers/shape-of-stars-and-optical-quality-of-the-human-eye-4f12a831mn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-drawing-of-the-suture-lines-of-the-lens-used-1r6aw6vo.png Fig. 6. Schematic drawing of the suture lines of the lens used as a phase map in the computer simulation (redrawn from Tripathi and Tripathi6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-virtual-sky-artwork-some-stars-in-the-original-3ncb0onf.png Fig. 1. ‘‘Virtual sky’’ artwork. Some stars in the original telescope image have been replaced by ocular images: T, original telescope images; S, symbolic representation; C, drawing of the subjective image of a bright point source3; P, prediction by our computer simulation. MA and RN experimentally recorded retinal PSF’s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-results-of-a-computer-simulation-a-diffraction-pattern-2f83y0mu.png Fig. 7. Results of a computer simulation: (a) Diffraction pattern produced by the suture lines of Fig. 6. (b) Diffraction pattern obtained when including aberrations (defocus, astigmatism, coma, and spherical) and the Stiles–Crawford apodization. Intensities are given in a logarithmic scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-one-and-a-half-pass-aerial-images-for-fully-dilated-1pzmoxkl.png Fig. 2. One-and-a-half-pass aerial images for fully dilated pupils (.9 mm). Low-intensity values have been enhanced by use of a logarithmic gray scale. These images show the characteristic visual patterns of star images, with sizes typically larger than 1°. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-radial-profiles-of-the-fourier-transform-of-fig-3-a-3cf0wrq5.png Fig. 4. Radial profiles of the Fourier transform of Fig. 3(a) (filled circles) and of the standard double-pass MTF for the same observer, MA (open circles). There is a small, monotonically increasing offset resulting from the Gaussian blur (dotted curve). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-drawings-made-by-observers-fr-and-mr-who-were-trying-3clfv8jm.png Fig. 3. Drawings made by observers FR and MR, who were trying to represent the subjective appearance of a bright point source when viewed with fully dilated pupils. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-through-focus-scan-for-observer-rn-double-3o9ue6th.png Fig. 5. Through-focus scan for observer RN (double magnification of Fig. 3). The ray pattern enlarges, enhancing its visibility, by positive (myopic) defocus, and it shrinks and fades with negative (hyperopic) values. https://scispace.com/papers/shape-guided-superpixel-grouping-for-trail-detection-and-990jz4lkiz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tracking-trails-results-from-hiking-trail-sequence-at-3ql0dcba.png Fig. 4. Tracking trails: Results from hiking trail sequence at 20 frame intervals https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sampling-of-web-trail-images-and-output-of-single-1fkqhzyf.png Fig. 3. Sampling of web trail images and output of single-image trail finder. The source images were cropped to a common aspect ratio as necessary (some were originally vertical) and scaled to 320× 240. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-difficult-images-for-the-trail-finder-multi-modal-1tc2p8v8.png Fig. 5. Difficult images for the trail finder: multi-modal trail color/texture distribution (left) and isolated segments (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-aerial-sequence-excerpts-single-image-detections-at-mbclbvt8.png Fig. 2. Aerial sequence excerpts: Single-image detections at equally-spaced intervals (C = canyon sequence frame numbers; R = river sequence frame numbers). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-trail-types-clockwise-from-upper-left-ground-32uq65fs.png Fig. 1. Example trail types. Clockwise from upper-left: ground view of hiking trail, aerial views of canyon road, pipeline, and river. https://scispace.com/papers/shape-persistent-and-adaptive-multivalency-rigid-transgeden-4q6nxc61yy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-zoomed-view-of-the-mesoscopic-simulation-of-tgd-and-1sj79pxs.png Figure 4. Zoomed view of the mesoscopic simulation of TGD and PAMAM dendrimers in complex with heparin at a charge excess of 0.1. Top (left to right) = TGDG1, TGD-G2 and TGD-G3 binding to heparin. Bottom (left to right) = PAMAM-G1, PAMAM-G2 and PAMAM-G3 binding to heparin. PAMAM and TGD dendrimers are portrayed as green and pink spheres, respectively. Charged amine groups are depicted in light green for both families. Heparin is shown as a chain of L-iduronic acid (blue) and D-glucosamine (light blue) alternating units. A transparent grey field is used to represent water and ions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-structures-of-tgd-g1-with-different-levels-of-amine-2jqa7kto.png Figure 5. Structures of TGD-G1 with different levels of amine replacement by alcohol groups, including complete replacement (TGD-G1(OH)9) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structures-of-ppv-core-and-associated-pamam-surface-8wf2wrfv.png Figure 1. Structures of PPV core and associated PAMAM surface groups for first (TGD-G1), second (TGD-G2) and third (TGD-G3) generation Transgeden hybrid dendrimers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-binding-parameters-from-md-simulations-at-a-charge-qa9wl84x.png Table 4. Binding parameters from MD simulations at a charge excess of 0.4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-binding-curve-comparison-between-tgd-g1-tgd-g1-7-4-10z99oyf.png Figure 6. Binding curve comparison between TGD-G1, TGD-G1 (+7.4), TGDG1 (+6.2), TGD-G1 (+4.0) and TGD-G1(OH)9 expressed as a function of charge ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-plot-of-change-in-fluorescence-intensity-of-a-2ripuon0.png Figure 7. Plot of change in fluorescence intensity of a solution of dendrimer (1 µM) at 427 nm following irradiation at 318 nm against concentration of heparin: A, TGD-G1; B, TGD-G2; C, TGD-G3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-titration-of-tgd-and-pamam-dendrimers-to-displace-3lsietn2.png Figure 2. Titration of TGD and PAMAM dendrimers to displace MalB from its complex with heparin. Top, TGD-G1 and PAMAM-G1; Centre, TGD-G2 and PAMAM-G2; Bottom, TGD-G3 and PAMAM-G3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-binding-parameters-from-md-simulations-at-a-charge-37qi7s4x.png Table 2. Binding parameters from MD simulations at a charge excess of 0.4. https://scispace.com/papers/shape-stability-and-flow-behaviour-of-a-phase-change-1zhl6j55qp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-evolution-of-stored-sensible-and-latent-energy-over-1n1fx3s0.png Fig. 16. Evolution of stored sensible and latent energy over Fo number under different velocities ( ), for D = 3 µm droplet. Inset graph is the total energy (sum of U = 0.22 ― 1.1 m/s sensible and latent energy) over Fo number under the same conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-deformation-rate-over-reynolds-number-for-different-e3xzu2q4.png Fig. 6. Deformation rate over Reynolds number for different diameters (1 -7 µm) and same velocity (U=0.66 m/s), scale not proportional. Inset graph shows dimensionless area (A/A0) over Fo for 3 µm droplet. Two contours represent equilibrium shape of the 1 µm and 3 µm droplet. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-evolution-of-stored-sensible-and-latent-energy-for-3-1up1cj17.png Fig. 12. Evolution of stored sensible and latent energy for 3 and 7 µm PCM particle over liquid fraction, U = 0.66 m/s. Inset graph is the total energy (sum of sensible and latent energy) over melting fraction for 1 – 7 µm PCM droplet. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-electric-stress-distribution-on-the-droplet-interface-3gvvp2yf.png Fig. 21. Electric stress distribution on the droplet interface (iso-surface of C = 0.5) in streamwise (left) and cross-stream (right) direction under , D =7 µm, E0 = 25000 V/m .U = 0.66 m/s https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-electric-stress-distribution-along-the-droplet-2cq38yba.png Fig. 22. Electric stress distribution along the droplet Perimeter length from the left tip following an clockwise direction under , D =7 µm, .E0 = 25000 V/m U = 0.66 m/s https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-time-and-space-averaged-nusselt-number-and-b-space-onmu7wfi.png Fig. 13. (a) Time and space averaged Nusselt number and (b) space averaged dimensionless velocity inside PCM droplet over Fo number for different diameter (1 -7 µm), U=0.66 m/s. Inset graph of (a) shows total averaged Nusselt number over Reynolds number for different size droplets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-evolution-of-the-melting-fraction-top-and-1u6peptw.png Fig. 5. The evolution of the melting fraction (top) and temperature (bottom) in (i) array contours, and density (top) and pressure (bottom) in (ii) array contours, for ID = 3 µm and U = 0.66 m/s over different Fo time. Flow direction is from left to right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-equilibrium-pressure-difference-inside-pcm-droplet-30n5tgeq.png Fig. 9. Equilibrium pressure difference inside PCM droplet over Reynolds number for different diameters (1 -7 µm) and same velocity (U=0.66 m/s). Inset graph present ΔP evolution over melting time in 1 µm droplet. https://scispace.com/papers/shaping-european-universities-4y2rwfritr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-students-enrolled-at-dutch-universities-source-cbs-3ezlyox9.png Table 1. Students Enrolled at Dutch Universities: Source CBS https://scispace.com/papers/shaping-the-future-of-nanoelectronics-beyond-the-si-roadmap-2yjzvq347t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-left-interface-state-distribution-at-the-hcl-jkejrcy9.png Figure 9: Left: Interface state distribution at the HCl-cleaned GaAs-Al2O3 (a) and MBE deposited GaAs-Gd2O3 interfaces (b). Right: Interface state distribution at S-passivated and forming gas annealed GaAs-Al2O3 (a) and GaAs-HfO2 interfaces (b). The interface state distribution is determined from admittance spectroscopy at room and high temperatures. The solid lines are Gaussian peak fits to the experimental data points (symbols). Zero energy corresponds to the valence band edge energy [73]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-left-tem-cross-section-of-the-final-vertical-35nm-11ngle2u.png Figure 21 (left): TEM cross-section of the final vertical 35nm NW TFET device [94] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-schematic-illustration-of-the-process-flow-of-the-3hvn3y4q.png Figure 20: Schematic illustration of the process flow of the vertical nanowire silicon TFET (a) blanket epitaxy on highly doped substrate, (b) NW patterning using e-beam lithogrpahy (c) bottom isolation (d) Metal gate/high k stack deposition (e) Gate HM formation (f) Gate etch and top junction implantation (g) top nitride spacer formation (h) capping layer formation for nanowire array [94]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-left-interface-state-distribution-at-s-passivated-3i0wlym2.png Figure 10 (left): Interface state distribution at S-passivated and forming gas annealed In0.53Ga0.47As-Al2O3 interfaces as determined from admittance spectroscopy at room and low temperature [73]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-left-ptfet-and-ntfet-input-characteristics-for-a-3hgdkx56.png Figure 17 (left): pTFET and nTFET input characteristics for a 25nm wide fin (Lg=160nm) [90]. The side where the tunneling occurs is kept grounded [90]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simulated-cell-for-oxidation-of-ge-to-geo2-with-a-1jb85qdn.png Figure 1: Simulated cell for oxidation of Ge to GeO2, with a GeOx transition region comprised and projected Density of States (DOS) for the Ge substrate, GeOx transition region and GeO2 layer, showing that neither GeO2 nor GeOx states fall within the Ge bandgap [42]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-classical-quantum-well-transistor-structure-a-qw-1y31m2nx.png Figure 12: Classical quantum well transistor structure (a), QW transistor with interrupted δ-doping (b) enabling EOT scaling (c) [83]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-left-id-vg-curves-for-the-devices-in-fig-1-an-pjde2jwm.png Figure 13 (left): ID-VG curves for the devices in fig. 1. An Improvement in sub-threshold behavior can be observed in (c) [83]. https://scispace.com/papers/shared-access-satellite-terrestrial-reconfigurable-backhaul-15mu06d9tb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-side-view-of-the-ota-experiment-with-dimensions-in-dk5pdxc8.png FIGURE 4. Side view of the OTA experiment with dimensions in meters. The inset graph shows the measured beam patterns of the antenna array prototype (inset), steering one beam to 0 by means of analog-only https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sansa-system-environment-3op7c0l4.png FIGURE 1. SANSA system environment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-demonstration-setup-for-evaluation-of-the-hnm-2wriuukm.png FIGURE 5. Demonstration setup for evaluation of the HNM performance and its ability to dynamically improve the backhaul network capacity and resilience. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-aggregated-network-throughput-and-delay-over-time-2jwdsq4k.png FIGURE 2. Aggregated network throughput and delay over time when evaluating the reference scenario using the SANSA network with respect to a non-SANSA network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nse-of-the-integrated-backhaul-network-as-a-1zfq4cgj.png FIGURE 3. NSE of the integrated backhaul network as a function of the number of carriers used to operate the network links. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulated-network-spectral-efficiency-in-b-s-hz-3izk4m20.png TABLE 1. Simulated Network spectral efficiency in b/s/Hz. https://scispace.com/papers/shared-dynamic-functional-connectivity-across-schizophrenia-53hne8eu9l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-clinical-characteristics-and-cognitive-2u7u6p73.png Table 1. Demographics, Clinical Characteristics, and Cognitive Function of Healthy Controls and Patients with Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-t-values-of-functional-connectivity-within-and-2a2ofp0t.png Fig. 3 Average t-values of functional connectivity within and between networks. HC = healthy controls; SZ = schizophrenia; BD = bipolar disorder; MDD = major depressive disorder; SomMot = somatomotor; DorsAttn = dorsal attention; Sal/VentAttn = salience/ventral attention; Control = frontoparietal control; Default = default mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cluster-medians-for-each-state-the-total-number-of-p5vhhyrb.png Fig. 1 Cluster medians for each state. The total number of occurrences and the percentage of total occurrences are listed above each cluster median. The color bar represents the z value of dynamic functional connectivity. SomMot = somatomotor; DorsAttn = dorsal attention; Sal/VentAttn = salience/ventral attention; Control = frontoparietal control; Default = default mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-significant-differences-in-dynamic-functional-2jm8hwmi.png Fig. 2 Significant differences in dynamic functional connectivity in state 2. (A) Four-group differences among schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and healthy controls (ANCOVA, FDR-corrected q < 0.05). (B-D) Group differences between patients and healthy controls (two-sample t-test, FDR-corrected q < 0.05). (E-F) Transdiagnostic dysconnectivity across these 3 disorders. The red dots or lines indicate increased connectivity, and the blue dots or lines indicate decreased connectivity. HC = healthy controls; SZ = schizophrenia; https://scispace.com/papers/shared-control-for-typical-driving-scenarios-pyh5qrj40b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-snapshots-of-the-car-path-with-the-shared-control-in-37t4367y.png Fig. 3. Snapshots of the car path with the shared-control in the (x, y)plane for the set Pa represented by the white area. Green car: the controlled car (the feedback controller is not active). Red car: the controlled car (the feedback controller is active). Blue cars: the other vehicles on the road. Dashed line: (x, y)-trajectory of the controlled car. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-snapshots-of-the-car-path-with-the-shared-control-in-1by7r6sc.png Fig. 2. Snapshots of the car path with the shared-control in the (x, y)plane for the set Pa represented by the white area. Green car: the controlled car (the feedback controller is not active). Red car: the controlled car (the feedback controller is active). Blue car: the other vehicle on the road. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-definitions-of-d1-d2l-d2r-the-and-ph-shadowed-region-txj2xm74.png Fig. 1. Definitions of d1, d2l, d2r, θe and φ (shadowed region: unfeasible region, vr : reference forward velocity, θr : reference forward angle, vs: actual forward velocity). Note that θ = θe + θr . https://scispace.com/papers/shared-execution-strategy-for-neighbor-based-pattern-mining-1d65ozer3s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-updated-predicted-views-of-four-windows-at-w1-362xfceb.png Fig. 5. Updated predicted views of four windows at W1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-predicted-views-maintained-by-three-queries-q1-q2-and-1l5wjzye.png Fig. 14. Predicted Views Maintained By Three Queries Q1, Q2 and Q3 Independently versus Those Maintained By a Single Meta Query https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-cluster-sets-identified-by-three-different-queries-3ris7wa8.png Fig. 10. Cluster sets identified by three different queries https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-distance-based-outliers-identified-by-q1-and-q2-ttmucoa6.png Fig. 12. Distance-Based Outliers Identified by Q1 and Q2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-sknn-proposed-algorithm-for-multiple-knn-queries-26ttbe4c.png Fig. 18. SkNN: : Proposed Algorithm for Multiple kNN Queries https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-sdod-proposed-algorithm-for-multiple-distance-based-3pwpvwwe.png Fig. 17. SDOD: : Proposed Algorithm for Multiple Distance-Based Outlier Detection Queries https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-independent-vs-integrated-representation-for-distance-1gn2uo7w.png Fig. 13. Independent vs. Integrated Representation for Distance-Based Outliers Identified by Q1 and Q2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-28-memory-space-used-by-five-competitors-in-arbitrary-3cbhzzrb.png Fig. 28. Memory space used by five competitors in arbitrary pattern parameter cases https://scispace.com/papers/shared-knowledge-and-the-coagglomeration-of-occupations-1u373k3vx5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-shared-knowledge-and-occupational-coagglomeration-d89etbzj.png Figure 1. Shared Knowledge and Occupational Coagglomeration, by Subject https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-20-highest-coagglomeration-pairs-u-s-metropolitan-10wyw06d.png Table 1. 20 Highest Coagglomeration Pairs, U.S. Metropolitan Areas https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ols-results-determinants-of-occupational-yd1op6my.png Table 5. OLS Results: Determinants of Occupational Coagglomeration https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-variable-definitions-and-data-sources-3853iesi.png Table 3. Variable Definitions and Data Sources https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-o-net-knowledge-areas-and-subject-groups-oq4fpquj.png Table 4. O*NET Knowledge Areas and Subject Groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-iv-results-determinants-of-occupational-1u9qv9mt.png Table 6. IV Results: Determinants of Occupational Coagglomeration https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-ols-results-shared-knowledge-and-occupational-shila18l.png Table 7. OLS Results: Shared Knowledge and Occupational Coagglomeration, by Subject https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-ols-results-shared-knowledge-and-occupational-37qp5f7w.png Table 7. OLS Results: Shared Knowledge and Occupational Coagglomeration, by Subject https://scispace.com/papers/shared-intentions-the-evolution-of-collaboration-4c5jkq1ntf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-two-player-threshold-public-goods-game-m-n-2-b-c-0-1adr148z.png Figure 5: Two player threshold public goods game. m = n = 2, b > c > 0. For each combination of contribution (+1) and non-contribution (×), entries give, for the row player, his (i) fitnesses and his preferences when he is a (ii) magical thinker and (iii) altruist. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-three-player-hawk-dove-game-any-two-players-must-2udtdvoj.png Figure 4: Three player Hawk-Dove game. Any two players must attack the remaining player for an attack to be successful. m = 3, n = 2. For each combination of hawk (+1) and dove (×), entries give fitnesses for the row player. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-three-games-which-are-strategically-equivalent-from-2ytxpmyj.png Figure 7: Three games which are strategically equivalent from an individual perspective. For each combination of +1 and ×, entries give fitnesses for the row and column players respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-for-each-combination-of-cooperate-1-and-defect-x-7vm5cpib.png Figure 6: For each combination of cooperate (+1) and defect (×), entries give, for the row player in two prisoner’s dilemmas, his fitnesses [(i),(ii)] or his preferences when he is an altruist [(i-a),(ii-a) corresponding to (i),(ii) respectively]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-for-m-2-b-c-0-for-each-combination-of-2tmeauhg.png Figure 1: Examples for m = 2, b > c > 0. For each combination of contribution (+1,+2) and non-contribution (×), entries give fitnesses for the row player. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-three-player-threshold-public-goods-game-any-two-75e25083.png Figure 2: Three player threshold public goods game. Any two players must contribute for the good to be provided. m = 3, n = 2, b > c > 0. For each combination of contribution (+1) and non-contribution (×), entries give fitnesses for the row player. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-games-and-status-quo-strategy-profiles-that-satisfy-2e4lurqq.png Table 1: Games and status quo strategy profiles that satisfy (PG). Games are defined for an arbitrary number of players (m ≥ 2) unless explicitly stated otherwise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-three-player-prisoners-dilemma-m-3-3b-c-b-for-each-3k2raub5.png Figure 3: Three player prisoner’s dilemma. m = 3, 3b > c > b. For each combination of cooperate (+1) and defect (×), entries give fitnesses for the row player. https://scispace.com/papers/shared-neural-mechanisms-between-imagined-and-perceived-id4t9zz7dq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-the-results-from-the-conjunction-analysis-for-the-2a6ol5et.png Figure 3. A) The results from the conjunction analysis for the contrasts egocentric sham > object sham & no rotation GVS > no rotation sham within the area PIC presented at a peak level threshold of p < 0.05 FWE-SVC corrected on the average T1-weighted image over all participants. The color scale indicates the Pseudo T-values. B) Boxplots for the contrast estimates for the cluster presented on the left for each participant. GVS conditions are presented in dark grey, sham conditions in lighter grey. Next to the boxplots, the dots represent the individual contrast estimates. This figure shows that the activation within the PIC cluster is higher for the egocentric mental rotation sham than for the object mental rotation sham condition. Moreover, there is also significantly higher activation for no rotation GVS compared to no rotation sham stimulation. C) The explorative post-hoc correlation analysis of mean parameter estimates extracted from the cluster presented in the panel A. The positive correlation indicates that participants with more activation in the egocentric sham condition also show more activation in the https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-results-from-the-non-parametric-group-level-fmri-eqcuaxlt.png Table 1. The results from the non-parametric group level fMRI analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-a-rendering-of-the-voxel-level-fwe-corrected-non-gu4yyrvi.png Figure 4. A) A rendering of the voxel-level FWE corrected non-parametric activations for the contrast GVS > sham over all rotation tasks presented on a glass brain (Madan, 2015). The upper left 3D rendering is the side view from the right side and the right rendering shows a frontal view. B) Coronal slices of the networks are illustrated to show the same activations. The coronal slices were created in MRIcron (Rorden and Brett, 2000). For more details see table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-depiction-of-the-fmri-task-for-two-example-blocks-gip4wcy9.png Figure 1. A depiction of the fMRI task for two example blocks. Figure 1A illustrates the instruction, example trials and durations for an egocentric mental rotation block with either GVS or sham stimulation. Each block lasted 20 seconds. For every trial participants had to either mentally rotate their own position to the top of the arrow (egocentric condition) or to rotate the table with the ball on it in the direction of the arrow (object condition). They were instructed to indicate the ball’s position after the mental rotation as fast and accurately as possible. Figure 1B depicts example trials for the no rotation control condition, during which participants were instructed to indicate as fast and accurately as possible whether the ball was on the left or on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-summary-of-the-behavioral-results-in-figure-2a-34ux3fbm.png Figure 2. A summary of the behavioral results. In figure 2A, participants’ proportion of correct responses for the different conditions. The big dots show the group level parameter estimate of the GVS conditions from the multilevel logistic regression while the red lines indicate the 95% CI. The transparent smaller dots show the mean proportion of correct responses for each participant. Likewise, the triangles and the dashed lines indicate parameter estimates, CI, and individual proportion of correct responses for the sham conditions. Importantly, the analysis revealed a meaningful influence of the rotation task on the proportion of correct responses, but no influence of stimulation and no interaction. In figure 2B, the results of the reaction times analysis. As for the logistic regression, the big dots and blue triangles show the transformed parameter estimates of the mean from the multilevel lognormal regression analysis for the reaction times. The solid lines and the dashed lines indicate the 95% CI for the GVS and sham conditions, respectively. The small transparent dots and triangles represent individual median reaction times for each condition. Importantly, only correct responses were included in the analysis. The analysis revealed faster reaction times in the egocentric rotation trials, but no effect of GVS and no interaction. https://scispace.com/papers/shared-memory-parallelism-for-3d-cartesian-discrete-1gm0pbsdtk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-to-mcnp-domino-s16-26-group-578-x-578-x-1kvd3o4k.png Table 2: Comparison to MCNP/DOMINO: S16, 26-group, 578 × 578 × 140 spatial cells. 2.26GHz SMP node with 32 cores https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-time-per-sweep-over-all-angular-directions-as-a-3na7oc4i.png Table 1: Time per sweep over all angular directions as a function of the core number (mesh: 480 × 480 × 480). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-per-sweep-over-all-angular-directions-as-a-1539nnyr.png Figure 2: Time per sweep over all angular directions as a function of the core number (mesh: 480 × 480 × 480). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wave-front-algorithm-applied-to-the-sweep-across-1mi2fe4d.png Figure 1: Wave front algorithm applied to the sweep across the mesh macrocells. The incoming fluxes come from the bottom left corner. The treated macrocells are pink colored while the white macrocells are still waiting. Only blue dashed border macrocells are ready for treatment and their respective indexes are stored in a task list fromwhich a set of threads concurrently pick their work item. This list is dynamically updated each time a new macrocell has been treated. https://scispace.com/papers/shared-neural-codes-for-eye-gaze-and-valence-1bcbw9mlu7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shared-coding-for-valence-and-gaze-in-amygdala-2uuxy1kw.png Figure 3. Shared coding for valence and gaze in amygdala neurons https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-shared-intensity-coding-for-eye-gaze-and-us-2rtm05s7.png Figure 4. A shared-intensity coding for eye-gaze and US-valence and a shared-activity coding for eyegaze and CS-valence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-paradigm-and-behavior-during-the-human-intruder-4f6l8d63.png Figure 1. Paradigm and behavior during the Human-Intruder-Test (HIT) and affective conditioning blocks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-amygdala-codes-for-gaze-and-valence-and-the-acc-3kefzps5.png Figure 2. The amygdala codes for gaze and valence, and the ACC mainly codes valence https://scispace.com/papers/shared-transcriptional-responses-to-con-and-heterospecific-1sj5ytbww9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-significant-go-terms-associated-with-dark-turquoise-253bt6p4.png Table 1. Significant GO terms associated with “dark-turquoise” module, specific to 450 conspecific song playback and “yellow” module, shared responses for conspecific song and 451 cowbird chatter playback. FDR represents the p-value adjusted for false discovery rate. 452 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-male-red-winged-blackbird-responding-to-model-3nut3irs.png Fig. 1. Male red-winged blackbird responding to model presentation of a stuffed female 96 brown-headed cowbird. Photo credit: K. Yasukawa. 97 https://scispace.com/papers/shared-resource-aware-scheduling-on-power-constrained-tiled-33zxv2gkaf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-micro-architectural-adaptations-3jhvbb3s.png Table 1 Micro-architectural adaptations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tile-based-many-core-architecture-347utuym.png Table 2 Tile-based many-core architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-stp-normalized-to-centralized-for-hierarchical-and-un69drh4.png Fig. 5. STP (normalized to Centralized) for Hierarchical and DCTM at 60% power budget. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-static-and-dctm-over-time-formilc-on-a-64-core-setup-2dnkymfh.png Fig. 7. Static and DCTM over time formilc on a 64-core setup at 80% power budget. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-workloads-2gdsda9k.png Table 3 Workloads. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-generic-tiled-many-core-architecture-with-centralized-1d6fjz6j.png Fig. 1. Generic tiled many-core architecture with Centralized (top) versus Hierarchical (bottom) power management. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-normalized-runtime-overhead-as-1-yxincrease-over-ideal-l85o62l2.png Fig. 2. Normalized runtime overhead (as 1.y×increase over ideal) for Centralized (1 core/tile) and Hierarchical Power Management with varying tile size (2–4 core/tile) at 1 ms time slice. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-stp-improvement-percentage-for-dctm-and-cruise-over-jwz2b8nk.png Fig. 6. STP improvement (percentage) for DCTM and Cruise over Hierarchical for the 256-core setup. https://scispace.com/papers/shareholder-activism-informed-trading-and-stock-prices-33rjysdw5d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-value-creation-by-activist-shareholders-this-table-1rmxe5yt.png Table 1: Value Creation by Activist Shareholders. This table studies value creation by Schedule 13D filers. We estimate the following cross-sectional regression: cari = a + bXi + γtoi + εi, where cari is the cumulative abnormal return between the event date and the filing date, Xi is the percentage of outstanding shares of company i owned by the Schedule 13D filer on the filing date, and toi is the average daily turnover between the event date and the filing date (daily volume divided by the number of shares outstanding). The event date is the day when Schedule 13D filer’s ownership in stock i crosses 5% threshold and the filing date is the day on which the Schedule 13D filing is submitted to the SEC. In each column, we report estimated coefficients and their t-statistics. *, **, and *** indicate statistical significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-value-function-as-function-of-initial-valuation-gap-2auc2aah.png Figure 5: Value function as function of initial valuation gap. This figure plots the optimal value function as a function of the initial valuation gap G = v + ψX0 − P0 for different values of the productivity level of the activist: ψ = 0 which corresponds to the Kyle-Back model with no moral hazard, and ψ = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-value-function-as-a-function-of-productivity-this-154xw7zs.png Figure 6: Value function as a function of productivity. This figure plots the optimal value function as a function of the productivity parameter ψ for different levels of the initial valuation gap G = v + ψX0 − P0: G = 0, G = 1, G = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-buy-and-hold-abnormal-return-around-the-filing-date-1ryu3ty5.png Figure 7: Buy-and-Hold Abnormal Return around the Filing Date. In Panel A the solid line (right axis) plots the average buy-and-hold return around the filing date in excess of the buy-and-hold return of the value-weighted market from sixty days prior the filing date to forty days afterwards. The filing date is the day on which a Schedule 13D filing is submitted to the SEC. The dark bars (left axis) plot the increase (in percentage points) in the share turnover during the same time window compared to the average turnover rate during the preceding (t-120, t-60) event window. In Panel B the solid line plots the daily abnormal return. The abnormal return is the average daily return in excess of the value-weighted market return. The dashed lines plot the lower and upper 1% confidence bounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-optimal-trading-strategy-this-figure-shows-the-14no4zo9.png Figure 4: Optimal trading strategy. This figure shows the unconditional expected trading rate of the activist shareholder normalized by the initial valuation gap E[θt|F0, v,X0]/G0 with G0 = (v + ψX0 − P0) as a function of time and compares that to the expected trading rate in the absence of moral hazard, i.e., when ψ = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-trading-strategy-of-schedule-13d-filers-the-dark-3qg55j4y.png Figure 8: Trading Strategy of Schedule 13D Filers. The dark bars plot the average percentage of outstanding shares purchased by Schedule 13D filers after the event day. The event date is the day on which activist’s ownership crosses the 5% threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-of-private-information-into-prices-this-figure-2zr14b0k.png Figure 1: Flow of private information into Prices. This figure presents the flow of private information into prices. Σv(t) summarizes the residual uncertainty about the exogenous terminal value. ΣX(t) the residual uncertainty about the activist’s position. ΣXv(t) is the covariance between both. The upper panel corresponds to the case with ΣX(0) = 0, the middle panel to Σv(0) = 0 and the lower panel to ΣX(0) = Σv(0) = 0.5. In all cases we set ΣXv(0) = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-linear-probability-model-this-table-reports-3c6wqrq5.png Table 3: Linear Probability Model. This table reports estimates of the linear probability model: Targetedit = Xit−1α1 + ζt + ζj + εit, where Target is an indicator of firm i being targeted in year t, Xit−1 is vector of firm characteristics (defined in Table 2) lagged by one year, ζt are firm fixed effects, and ζj are industry fixed effects (2-digit SIC). In each column, we report estimated coefficients and heteroscedasticity robust standard errors clustered by industry (2-digit SIC). *, **, and *** indicate statistical significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels. https://scispace.com/papers/shareholder-litigation-rights-and-corporate-acquisitions-2j34t6b90w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-subsample-analyses-3r4l1i6f.png Table 6 Subsample analyses https://scispace.com/papers/sharing-domestic-life-through-long-term-video-connections-5703krz8wu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-family-window-running-on-a-tablet-pc-3jb40bcu.png Fig. 1: The Family Window running on a Tablet PC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-family-windows-user-interface-vz7mg7xo.png Fig. 2: The Family Window’s user interface. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-field-trial-participant-demographics-2fo1hzsr.png Table 1: Field trial participant demographics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-user-interface-for-family-portals-1ddjdh77.png Fig. 3: The user interface for Family Portals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-perch-running-on-an-ipad-placed-in-a-stand-on-a-2wxewp1u.png Fig. 5. Perch running on an iPad placed in a stand on a counter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-user-interface-of-perch-once-a-connection-is-made-21x6oiz2.png Fig. 4. The user interface of Perch once a connection is made to a portal. https://scispace.com/papers/sharing-design-perspectives-through-storytelling-2828gu575i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-example-of-an-oil-pipeline-layout-project-1heus94k.png Figure 4: An example of an oil pipeline layout project developed with ADDSub. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-of-an-idiom-applied-to-a-dialog-scene-2j32lned.png Figure 2: An example of an idiom applied to a dialog scene between two actors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cineadd-interface-ko2vcwji.png Figure 5: CineADD Interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cineadd-in-progress-3qg5vc4u.png Figure 6: CineADD in progress. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cineadd-model-as-a-complement-of-add-textual-puu2vw18.png Figure 3: CineADD model as a complement of ADD textual explanation generator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-add-model-architecture-3t3eblxk.png Figure 1: ADD model architecture. https://scispace.com/papers/sharing-high-growth-across-generations-pensions-and-3nzuhhobmn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pensions-taxes-and-trust-fund-benchmark-versus-2b0xetdl.png Figure 4. Pensions, Taxes, and Trust Fund: Benchmark versus Delayed Reform https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-emigration-rates-from-rural-areas-by-age-and-gender-2txdyes8.png Figure 1. Emigration Rates from Rural Areas by Age and Gender https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-population-dynamics-of-china-7jl9vxnf.png Figure 2. Population Dynamics of China https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-pensions-taxes-and-trust-fund-benchmark-vs-fully-cecr0soe.png Figure 8. Pensions, Taxes, and Trust Fund: Benchmark vs. Fully-funded Reform https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-optimal-policy-welfare-gains-and-replacement-rates-3f4hh4c2.png Figure 5. Optimal Policy: Welfare Gains and Replacement Rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-welfare-gains-of-policy-driven-reforms-alternative-2jqglw4x.png Table 1—Welfare Gains of Policy-Driven Reforms, Alternative Scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-sensitivity-analysis-welfare-gains-by-cohorts-w5o1ctrm.png Figure 10. Sensitivity Analysis: Welfare Gains by Cohorts under Different Scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-sensitivity-analysis-reform-of-two-pillar-pension-v0f6kctj.png Figure 11. Sensitivity Analysis: Reform of Two-Pillar Pension System https://scispace.com/papers/sharing-information-between-related-diseases-using-bayesian-20she56poq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-diagram-for-multinomial-fine-mapping-mfm-1tw5ynb5.png Fig. 3 Schematic diagram for Multinomial Fine-Mapping (MFM) method. MFM is used for multiple diseases with shared controls and, for simplicity, only two diseases are shown. After selection of a sparsity prior parameterised by π, stochastic search is applied individually to each disease, as in standard https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-mfm-analysis-and-single-disease-analysis-3blj1pq0.png Fig. 4 Comparison of MFM analysis and single disease analysis. Causal variants were simulated for two diseases with models defined by SNP groups from the IL2RA region. MFM is shown by solid lines and independent analyses by dashed lines. Throughout, disease 1 has causal variants A+D, while causal variants for disease 2 vary. a, b Disease 2 has causal variants A+ C and the odds ratio of A, ORA, is the same for both diseases; a A has a stronger effect than C and D; ORA= 1.4 (both), ORD= 1.25 (disease 1), ORC= 1.25 (disease 2). b A has a weaker effect than C and D; ORA= 1.25 (both), ORD= 1.4 (disease 1), ORC= 1.4 (disease 2). c Disease 2 has only C causal; ORA=ORD= 1.25 (disease 1), ORC= 1.25 (disease 2). d Disease 2 has no causal variants (no association). Potential models include A (red), B (green), C (blue), D (yellow), A+D (orange), A+ C (purple) and null (black); any other models are grouped together as grey. The y-axis shows the average posterior probabilities for each model. a, b MFM can identify the true two causal variant model at smaller sample sizes than independent analysis in simulated data when there is sharing between diseases. c, dWhen there is no sharing (c) or one disease has no true associations (d), no information is gained by using MFM but there is only minimal loss in accuracy in doing so. Source data are provided in Supplementary Data 5–8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-analysis-of-chromosome-10p-region-containing-il2ra-12yjas6g.png Fig. 6 Analysis of chromosome 10p region containing IL2RA aMap showing positions of SNPs (GRCh37) in groups A, B and D. SNPs in the same group are in high LD, with colour used to indicate group membership. b Haplotype analysis of SNPs selected by stepwise search and GUESSFM for MS. Each row represents one SNP, with possible alleles colour coded according to major or minor. Each column is a haplotype—a specific combination of alleles across all SNPs—with frequency in UK controls and effect on disease risk (log OR+ 95% CI). There are four common haplotypes. Three appear protective, carrying the minor allele at either A or D, but only two carry the minor allele at B. c Comparison of stepwise and stochastic search applied to simulated data. Causal variants were simulated as follows: B: single causal variant B, OR= 0.8; A < D causal variants A+D, odds ratios A:0.84, D:0.77; A~D: causal variants A+ D, odds ratios A:0.81, D:0:8 (observed in MS data); A > D: causal variants A+D, odds ratios A:0.77, D:0:84. Potential models include A (red), B (green), D (blue), A+D (purple) and null (black); any other models are grouped together as grey. The y-axis shows the proportion of simulations in which the stepwise approach chose the indicated model (adding SNPs while p < 10-6) or the average posterior probabilities for each model for the stochastic search approach. Sample size (x-axis) is the number of cases and controls. d Assuming A and D are causal, this plot shows the probability that B has the smallest p-value as a function of the effect sizes (log odds ratios) at A and D. The estimated effects for A and D from MS data are shown by a point, and the https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regions-with-conflicting-models-chosen-by-1hgc0yeo.png Table 2 Regions with conflicting models chosen by independent disease analysis and MFM https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-results-for-fine-mapping-in-ctla4-and-il2ra-1ejegthb.png Table 3 Summary results for fine-mapping in CTLA4 and IL2RA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-evidence-for-joint-tagging-a-haplotype-analysis-of-qmq27wyg.png Fig. 1 Evidence for joint tagging. a Haplotype analysis of SNPs selected by stepwise search and GUESSFM for ATD in region 10p-6030000-6220000. A representative SNP from each SNP group is shown. Each column represents one SNP, with possible alleles colour coded according to major or minor. Each row is a haplotype—a specific combination of alleles across all SNPs—with frequency in UK controls and effect on disease risk (log OR+ 95% CI). There are four common haplotypes. Three carry the minor allele at the J SNP rs706799, but only those that also carry minor allele at A or C show a significant effect on disease risk. b Comparison of stepwise and stochastic search applied to simulated data. Causal variants were simulated as follows: J: single causal variant J, OR= 0.8; A < C causal variants A+C, odds ratios A:0.81, C:0.74; A > C: causal variants A+ C, odds ratios A:0.74, C:0:8. Potential models https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-allele-specific-expression-analysis-of-il2ra-this-1jm1h568.png Fig. 7 Allele-specific expression analysis of IL2RA. This shows that there are two phenotypes that map to the A and D SNP groups and not the B group, providing functional evidence that the stochastic search better explains the genetic association than stepwise. a Schematic of donor IL2RA genotypes used in allele-specific expression studies. As the minor alleles for both A and D each usually co-occur with the minor B allele, in A-het and D-het individuals, the B SNP is heterozygous but in A+D-het individuals, the B SNP is homozygous. There are rare exceptions as seen in donors 3 and 4. b Allele-specific expression of IL2RA in CD4+ central memory T cells and CD4+ naive T cells in A-het, D-het and A+D het donors. The allelic ratios (top:bottom https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-analysis-of-chromosome-2q-region-containing-ctla4-a-pwctcpr7.png Fig. 5 Analysis of chromosome 2q region containing CTLA4. a Map showing positions of SNPs (GRCh37) colour coded by SNP group. SNPs in the same group are in high LD. b Comparison of stepwise and stochastic search applied to simulated data. Causal variants were simulated as follows: G: causal https://scispace.com/papers/sharing-retelling-and-performing-narratives-challenging-and-11llq2kth7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-1-the-multiple-layers-of-knowledge-construction-21t466nr.png Figure 9.1. The multiple layers of knowledge construction through narrative. https://scispace.com/papers/sharing-the-viewing-experience-through-second-screens-4an1y8vahy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tweet-device-data-for-mobile-non-mobile-and-mixed-5slkyxxt.png Figure 1. Tweet device data for mobile, non-mobile and mixed platforms https://scispace.com/papers/sharp-estimates-for-the-personalized-multiplex-pagerank-2pa73w8mwa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-directed-graph-with-three-nodes-1vcw6qkr.png Figure 1: A directed graph with three nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-directed-biplex-graph-with-five-nodes-1g2zu11w.png Figure 3: A directed biplex graph with five nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multiplex-pagerank-for-some-v-example-4-7-3vo3mf7i.png Table 2: Multiplex PageRank for some v. Example 4.7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-for-example-3-10-22hxze9i.png Table 1: Comparison for example 3.10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-directed-graph-with-three-nodes-and-a-sink-yy966s5a.png Figure 2: A directed graph with three nodes and a sink. https://scispace.com/papers/shear-alfven-waves-in-gyrokinetic-plasmas-gwyy7w1q43 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shear-alfven-oscillations-for-b-10-0-1z7u2nvr.png Figure 3. Shear-Alfven oscillations for β = 10.0% https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-damping-rate-and-noise-level-and-b-frequencies-1a85fm4k.png Figure 2. (a) Damping rate and noise level, and (b) frequencies for the shear-Alfven waves for β = 0.1% https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-damping-rate-and-noise-level-and-b-frequencies-27466hye.png Figure 1. (a) Damping rate and noise level, and (b) frequencies for the shear-Alfven waves for β = 0.0% https://scispace.com/papers/shear-bond-strength-of-resin-cements-to-human-dentin-wf8yw8mgm4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-subgroups-first-letter-in-the-30iqvguw.png Table 2: Summary of the subgroups: First letter in the abbreviations defines the cement (U: RelyX Unicem, A: RelyX ARC, M: Multilink, P: Panavia 21), second letter the aging modus (W: water storage, T: thermocycling) and the third letter the investigating center (Z: Zurich, B: Berne). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-shear-bond-strength-of-the-four-cements-relyx-kyl0uq7d.png Figure 1: Shear bond strength of the four cements RelyX Unicem, RelyX ARC, Multilink and Panavia 21 to dentin expressed in MPa after water storage and after thermocycling. *Indicates significant difference: * (p<0.05), ** (p<0.01), ***(p<0.001) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-the-shear-bond-strength-sbs-measurements-1z3t7iry.png Table 4: Results of the shear bond strength (SBS) measurements https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-combinations-of-dentin-conditioners-and-cement-37maoe54.png Table 3: Combinations of dentin conditioners and cement systems: https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-the-bonding-agents-given-by-the-3l9teulz.png Table 1: Composition of the bonding agents given by the manufacturers https://scispace.com/papers/shear-behaviour-of-steel-fibre-reinforced-concrete-simply-1v0yrvkekc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tensile-stress-strain-parameters-adopted-for-sfrc-5nw5l6pv.png Table 2. Tensile stress–strain parameters adopted for SFRC https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-strength-predictions-based-on-fea-and-current-design-3l5nteuf.png Table 7. Strength predictions based on FEA and current design guidelines for beams with SI ¼ 0% https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-strength-predictions-based-on-fea-and-current-design-1obibo4j.png Table 8. Strength predictions based on FEA and current design guidelines for beams with SI ¼ 50% https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-summary-for-beams-with-si-1-4-0-pmqiz3s3.png Table 3. Results summary for beams with SI ¼ 0% https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-load-deflection-curves-for-sfrc-beams-with-a-si-1-4-cyt178l4.png Figure 6. Load–deflection curves for SFRC beams with (a) SI ¼ 0%, (b) SI ¼ 50%, (c) SI ¼ 100% and (d) no stirrups (NS) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ratio-between-key-parameters-and-their-x7aw63dj.png Figure 8. Ratio between key parameters and their corresponding values in the control specimen (i.e. SI ¼ 0%, V f ¼ 0%) against fibre volume fraction: (a) maximum load, (b) yield load, (c) ductility ratio and (d) energy absorption https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-a-comparative-study-between-load-carrying-capacity-2c3ylx1r.png Table 11. A comparative study between load-carrying capacity based on FEA, current design guidelines and existing experimental results https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-summary-for-beams-with-no-stirrups-ns-2jcx8y0u.png Table 6. Results summary for beams with no stirrups (NS) https://scispace.com/papers/shear-corrected-reissner-mindlin-plate-model-4tw99cspf5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effects-of-the-relative-skin-layer-thickness-st-t-1se1ahjt.png Table 2. Effects of the relative skin layer thickness /st t and rigidity ratio /s cE E on the transverse displacement modeling error at the mid-surface 0z ( czu ~ classical model, szu ~shear-corrected https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effects-of-the-relative-skin-layer-thickness-st-t-2nav4esm.png Table 1. Effects of the relative skin layer thickness /st t and rigidity ratio /s cE E on the transverse https://scispace.com/papers/shear-dispersion-in-the-thermocline-and-the-saline-intrusion-t8gq0tlt2h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-salinity-patch-in-the-thermocline-plotted-against-1amsnfy0.png Fig. 5. The salinity patch in the thermocline plotted against the cross-shore distance for the control case. The solid, dashed and dash-dotted lines are for t¼0, 5 and 10 d, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-equilibrium-shear-diffusivity-diagnosed-from-the-1q3u9n1g.png Fig. 6. The equilibrium shear diffusivity diagnosed from the numerical solution (circles) plotted against the baroclinic amplitude U. The curve going through the control case (open circle) represents the quadratic dependence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-cross-shore-hydrography-in-the-mid-atlantic-bight-1catmdab.png Fig. 1. The cross-shore hydrography in the Mid-Atlantic Bight in mid-September (averaged over 12 transects) for temperature (a), salinity (b), and density (c). The 34.5 isohaline marks the boundary of the slope water, which has intruded a distance of O (10 km) onto the shelf along the seasonal thermocline (taken from Burrage and Garvine, 1988). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diffusivity-windows-w-superimposed-on-the-baroclinic-a1vpmfxw.png Fig. 2. Diffusivity windows (W) superimposed on the baroclinic power spectrum of Sharples et al. (2001) (thick-dashed for the observed vertical diffusivity v and thin-dashed when v is doubled). The windows peak at the diffusive time (Td) separating the Taylor and Saffman regimes. The dotted line marks the lowfrequency plateau of the power density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-analytical-diffusivity-window-solid-curve-and-the-xwgr53zi.png Fig. 7. The analytical diffusivity window (solid curve) and the values diagnosed from the numerical solution. The open circle is the control case of h¼16 m, forcing period of 0.5 d and v¼10 3 m2 s 1; and moving from left to right, the solid circles are for additional thermocline thickness of 24 and 12 m; the solid squares are for additional forcing periods of 1 and 2 d; and the crosses are for the above three forcing periods but using a vertical diffusivity of 5 10 3 m2 s 1. Also indicated are the error bars (not shown when indistinguishable from the markers). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-model-configuration-of-a-level-pycnocline-of-qa4eu5rf.png Fig. 3. The model configuration of a level pycnocline of thickness h and uniform vertical diffusivity v (zero outside) together with profiles of the baroclinic current u0 and the tracer perturbation C0 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-progression-of-the-non-dimensionalized-shear-4hzxpa1o.png Fig. 4. Time progression of the non-dimensionalized shear diffusivity for selected forcing periods t and phases y (the curves are the same for phase increment of half cycles). Solid and dash-dotted lines are respectively the time-mean and timeintegrated value over the internal [0,t] and their dashed extensions have been smoothed over the rapidly shortening wiggles (because of the log-time scale). The time and forcing period have been non-dimensionalized by the diffusive time and the phase pertains to the lag of the tracer release with respect to the peak positive baroclinic current. https://scispace.com/papers/shear-sliding-behavior-of-masonry-numerical-micro-modeling-mifsgkli6q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-input-parameters-for-masonry-3t3qaorj.png Table 1. Input parameters for masonry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-standard-triplet-test-normal-displacement-vs-1esj1ilx.png Figure 8. Standard triplet test, normal displacement vs. tangential displacement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-standard-triplet-test-shear-stress-vs-tangential-11mu4s10.png Figure 7. Standard triplet test, shear stress vs. tangential displacement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-standard-triplet-test-at-pre-compression-0-20-n-262wy1vn.png Figure 11. Standard triplet test at pre-compression 0.20 N/mm2, tangential stress evolution along the nonlinear interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-standard-triplet-test-at-pre-compression-0-20-n-jqfo0hef.png Figure 10. Standard triplet test at pre-compression 0.20 N/mm2, normal stress evolution along the nonlinear interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-modified-triplet-test-normal-displacement-vs-1fziq16e.png Figure 13. Modified triplet test, normal displacement vs. tangential displacement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-modified-triplet-test-at-pre-compression-0-20-n-z3gn83ak.png Figure 15. Modified triplet test at pre-compression 0.20 N/mm2, tangential stress evolution along the nonlinear interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-standard-triplet-test-at-pre-compression-0-20-n-mm2-18ep7cco.png Figure 9. Standard triplet test at pre-compression 0.20 N/mm2 – Principal stress distributions: (a) pre-peak (δv = 0.02 mm); (b) post-peak (δv = 0.08 mm). https://scispace.com/papers/shear-force-at-failure-and-stiffness-of-all-inside-meniscal-4ayubi1qxc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-stiffness-technique-1-vs-technique-2-for-the-2ad5i70d.png Figure 5. Mean Stiffness – Technique 1 vs. Technique 2 for the MaxFireTM MarXmenTM (N/mm +/- SE) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-stiffness-vertical-mattress-n-mm-se-figure-4-20i80du8.png Figure 3. Mean Stiffness – Vertical Mattress (N/mm +/- SE) Figure 4. Mean Stiffness – Vertical vs. Horizontal Mattress (N/mm +/- SE) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-yqz2hsod.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-modes-of-failure-1l6bl9dy.png Table 1 Modes of Failure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-load-failure-vertical-mattress-n-se-1gngh982.png Figure 2. Mean Load Failure – Vertical Mattress (N +/- SE) https://scispace.com/papers/shear-strength-of-tack-coat-on-flexible-pavement-and-1sbcoaykd2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-balance-relation-between-shear-strength-and-tack-1bgvnzt5.png Table 5. The balance relation between shear strength and tack coat distribution on composite pavement https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-necessity-for-tack-coat-dose-of-15-pph-1enedtsv.png Table 1. Distribution necessity for tack coat dose of 15 pph https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-balance-between-shear-strength-and-tack-coat-2o8omsjt.png Figure 4. Balance between shear strength and tack coat distribution on composite pavement. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-shear-strength-for-various-tack-coat-variations-with-1y336r5n.png Table 2. Shear strength for various tack coat variations with its distribution on flexible pavement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationship-between-shear-strength-and-tack-coat-3hrxxr8m.png Figure 3. Relationship between shear strength and tack coat distribution on composite pavement. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-shear-strength-for-various-tack-coat-variations-with-v973k7hp.png Table 4. Shear strength for various tack coat variations with its tack coat distribution on composite pavement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relationship-between-shear-strength-and-tack-coat-3p29yzgs.png Figure 1. Relationship between shear strength and tack coat distribution on flexible pavement. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-balance-relationship-between-shear-strength-and-2wiulut6.png Table 3. The balance relationship between shear strength and tack coat distribution on flexible pavement https://scispace.com/papers/shear-strengthening-of-masonry-wallettes-resorting-to-1dryk2iiqp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-basalt-bars-a-direct-tensile-test-b-detail-of-the-top-1zfrdsqj.png Fig. 1. Basalt bars: a) direct tensile test, b) detail of the top gripping mechanism of the bar, c) failure mode; 238 d) stress-strain curves. 239 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-between-experimental-and-analytical-1sfhihyy.png Table 5. Comparison between experimental and analytical results in terms of shear capacity. 593 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mechanical-properties-of-the-materials-used-in-the-30lgd88f.png Table 2. Mechanical properties of the materials used in the experimental tests. 233 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-diagonal-compression-test-a-set-up-b-instrumentation-2x9am3t6.png Fig. 5. Diagonal compression test: a) set-up, b) instrumentation of the front face; c) instrumentation of the 303 back face. 304 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-failure-mode-of-rr-specimens-a-rr-a-1-b-rr-a-2-c-rr-a-14iuw4u6.png Fig. 8. Failure mode of RR specimens: a) RR-A-1, b) RR-A-2, c) RR-A-3, d) RR-S-1, e) RR-S-2 and f) RR-392 S-3. 393 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-failure-mode-of-rf-specimens-a-rf-a-1-b-rf-a-2-c-rf-a-38j9yj4q.png Fig. 9. Failure mode of RF specimens: a) RF-A-1, b) RF-A-2, c) RF-A-3, d) RF-S-1, e) RF-S-2 and f) RF-S-394 3. 395 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-recent-diagonal-compression-tests-on-2t8qpp24.png Table 1. Summary of recent diagonal compression tests on masonry panels reinforced by using NSM bars. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-the-main-experimental-results-the-yhbrrfts.png Table 4. Summary of the main experimental results (the coefficient of variation is given inside parentheses). 440 https://scispace.com/papers/shear-viscosity-of-pionic-and-nucleonic-components-from-49o7v0311c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-same-as-fig-4-along-the-mn-axis-1eadrfxo.png Fig. 5 Same as Fig. (4) along the μN axis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-on-shell-thermal-widths-upper-panel-and-mean-free-1jemlm5g.png Fig. 4 The on-shell thermal widths (upper panel) and mean free paths (lower panel) of pion for πM loops, NB loops and their total are represented by dotted, dashed, and solid lines, respectively, while dash-dotted line denotes the same results for nucleon component with all possible πB loops https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-p-nb-mk-for-different-nb-loops-in-their-landau-regions-29920d8m.png Fig. 3 π(NB)(Mk) for different NB loops in their Landau regions, which contain the pion pole Mk = mπ , denoted by straight dotted line https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-same-as-fig-4-along-the-k-axis-3tn306kg.png Fig. 6 Same as Fig. (4) along the k axis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-upper-and-middle-panels-show-the-mn-dependence-of-3csijdnq.png Fig. 11 Upper and middle panels show the μN dependence of same quantities as in Fig. (10) at two different temperatures: T = 0.12 GeV (solid line) and T = 0.15 GeV (dash-dotted). Lower panel shows the different points of (T, μN ), where ηmix/s is approximately equal to the KSS bound 0 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-diagram-a-is-a-schematic-one-loop-representation-1p14wtwh.png Fig. 1 The diagram (a) is a schematic one-loop representation of viscous-stress tensor for the medium with pionic constituents. The double dashed lines for the pion propagators indicate that they have some finite thermal width, which can be derived from the pion self-energy diagrams (b), (c) and (d). The diagram (b) represents pion self-energy for mesonic (πM) loops. Direct and cross diagrams of pion self-energy for NB loops are represented by (c) and (d), respectively https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-diagram-a-is-a-schematic-one-loop-representation-2vtgfamz.png Fig. 2 The diagram (a) is a schematic one-loop representation of viscous-stress tensor for the medium with nucleonic constituents and the diagram (b) represents nucleon self-energy for πB loops https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-mn-dependence-of-same-quantities-as-fig-7-at-two-vsf2wl0c.png Fig. 8 The μN dependence of same quantities as Fig. (7) at two different temperatures: T = 0.12 GeV (solid line) and T = 0.15 GeV (dash-dotted) https://scispace.com/papers/shear-viscosity-via-periodic-nonequilibrium-molecular-53l1iiv8zh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-shear-viscosities-from-periodic-nonequilibrium-3sryte6m.png Table 1 Shear viscosities from periodic nonequilibrium molecular dy· namics near the Lennard-lones triple point. Dependence on system width (one and two lOS-particle cubes) and strain rate a. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lennard-lones-shear-viscosity-near-the-triple-point-as-1avoh6m5.png Fig. 2. Lennard-lones shear viscosity near the triple point as a function of strain rate. The data appear in table 1. While the larger-strain-rate data can be described by the Kawasaki Gunton square-root dependence (dashed-line), the Ree-Eyring hyperbolic arcsine (solid-line) describes the data better and agrees well with the experimental ~iscosity for argon, 3.0 ± 0.06 (m E)1!2/a2. https://scispace.com/papers/shedding-light-on-mitophagy-in-neurons-what-is-the-evidence-2d3am0fwm0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pathways-to-mitophagy-in-neurons-3s27ivov.png Fig. 1 Pathways to mitophagy in neurons https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mitophagy-in-neurodegenerative-diseases-1h8gqugl.png Table 1. Mitophagy in neurodegenerative diseases https://scispace.com/papers/shelf-life-of-artocarpus-lowii-king-s-seeds-and-its-221wxnxmr0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-a-lowii-seeds-b-seed-begin-to-germinate-c-xammhiao.png Figure 2: (a) A. lowii seeds; (b) Seed begin to germinate; (c) Germination pattern of A. lowii. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-glass-jar-containing-moss-media-b-slice-of-a-1iw8ezqp.png Figure 1: (a) Glass jar containing moss media; (b) Slice of A. lowii seeds. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-is-looked-the-characteristics-of-seedling-that-grows-20rp4r0o.png Table 2 is looked the characteristics of seedling that grows on time variety of planting. Radicle, epicotyl, number of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight quality was not decrease. It indicates that A. lowii treated seed storage duration had produced good https://scispace.com/papers/shell-clamping-behaviour-in-the-limpet-cellana-tramoserica-22nwjmxdq3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-cumulative-probability-distribution-of-shell-f3au9700.png Fig. 8. The cumulative probability distribution of shell clamping as a proportion of the lift force for 38 individuals of the limpet Cellana tramoserica. Each limpet consistently clamped at a given proportion of the lift force. The figure shows the variation in the proportional response among individuals. The curve is described by P(x)=exp{–[(a–bx)/(a–bc)]1/b}, where a=0.1241345, b=0.2015748 and c=0.08828305. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-degree-of-shell-clamping-in-response-to-applied-1yb9p5hq.png Fig. 7. The degree of shell clamping in response to applied lift for Cellana tramosericaexposed to linearly increasing lift forces. Limpet clamping displayed a linear trend (A, y=0.43x−0.16, r2=0.98; B, y=0.39x−0.27, r2=0.95) with respect to lift; however, differences could be observed between limpets (see A and B) both in the slope of the trend and in the degree of variation about the trend line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-force-diagram-describing-the-forces-acting-during-2lhnvcqd.png Fig. 1. A force diagram describing the forces acting during wave action. The model assumes that the limpet clamps its shell against the substratum in order to generate friction to resist horizontal shear. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-clamping-measurement-apparatus-the-upper-load-cell-was-cjiuq1z6.png Fig. 2. Clamping measurement apparatus. The upper load cell was used to measure the simulated lift force applied to the limpet by the piston; the lower load cell measured the force of pedal adhesion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-typical-experiment-for-the-limpet-cellana-235jaox6.png Fig. 4. A typical experiment for the limpet Cellana tramoserica exposed to a simulated wave force. The adherence force (FAdherence) of the foot was consistently greater than the lift force (FLift ). The force difference between the adherence and lift force was generated by the action of shell clamping by the limpet (FClamping) (hatched area). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-force-time-curve-in-the-absence-of-the-limpet-c-llana-3u9ex098.png Fig. 5. Force/time curve in the absence of the limpet C llana tramoserica. The transient force difference seen at the onset of the lift force (circled) was a result of elasticity in the double-sided tape connecting the two force sensors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-force-of-shell-clamping-as-a-function-of-the-lift-3cyc065t.png Fig. 6. The force of shell clamping as a function of the lift force for the limpet undergoing the simulated wave profile shown in Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/papers/shell-model-calculation-for-212po-1g3n74nvog 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-p-n-force-1z3hydbb.png Table 4 p-n force https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spectra-of-po210-and-pb210-calculated-in-the-present-3trebq5a.png Fig. 2. Spectra of Po210 and Pb210 calculated in the present work and by Kim and Rasmussen (Po210) and by Redlich (Pb210) are compared with experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-lowest-level-of-each-even-spin-calculated-for-1s1b9nm8.png Fig. 7. The lowest level of each even spin, calculated for Po212 figure illustrates the isomerism. The dominant each level. is also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-calculated-spectrum-for-po212-is-compared-with-qp7m2ri1.png Fig. 6. Calculated spectrum for Po212 is compared with experiment. Only the lower spins are shown. The dashed lines are corres- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-experimental-single-article-levels-of-bi209-and-3hzh4nmb.png Fig. 1. The experimental single-~article levels of Bi209 and Pb209 taken from R. W. Hoff and J. M. Hollander, Phys. Rev. (09 (1958) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-j-dependence-of-the-p-p-and-n-n-force-diagonal-1it2b0f0.png Fig. 9. The J-dependence of the p-p and n-n force diagonal matrix elements for several configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-branching-ratios-for-so-e-transitions-in-po212-2lzxlhvk.png Table 9 ~-branching ratios for so~e transitions in Po212 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-p-p-force-wxwzkoh5.png Table 2 p-p force https://scispace.com/papers/shell-coal-igccs-with-carbon-capture-conventional-gas-quench-3663u8pwf8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-layout-of-the-advanced-wgs-unit-to-be-optimized-3e8ub3jt.png Fig. 3. Layout of the advanced WGS unit to be optimized (employed in plant SN). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-layout-of-the-ecn-advanced-wgs-3b1kyfo8.png Fig. 2. Layout of the ECN advanced WGS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-economic-assumptions-employed-here-3jtxqoup.png Table 6 Economic assumptions employed here. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-optimized-layout-of-the-proposed-advanced-wgs-unit-n211xq93.png Fig. 6. Optimized layout of the proposed advanced WGS unit employed in option SN. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-plant-schematic-for-case-qc-the-partial-water-quench-1f2evhcz.png Fig. 4. Plant schematic for case QC, the partial water quench IGCC with the conventional WGS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-steam-to-co-ratio-of-scrubbed-syngas-as-a-function-of-ebuv1b3c.png Fig. 5. Steam-to-CO ratio of scrubbed syngas as a function of wash water temperature and quench water-to-syngas mole ratio, QW/SG. The L/G ratio of the scrubber is fixed at 0.25. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-exergy-losses-expressed-in-mw-within-8da34e1b.png Table 5 Comparison of exergy losses (expressed in MW) within the WGS unit, syngas cooling, and steam turbine. The difference in the total exergy loss equals the difference in the net power of the two HRSCs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-in-weight-basis-and-heating-value-of-as-34benboq.png Table 1 Composition (in%, weight basis) and heating value of as https://scispace.com/papers/shells-of-matrices-in-indefinite-inner-product-spaces-3rw01qbouu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-classification-of-shells-of-h-normals-of-the-form-2j6xn1ov.png Table 5.1 Classification of shells of H-normals of the form (5.2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1-shells-of-3x-3-h-normal-matrices-of-type-3-20kvtynw.png Fig. 5.1. Shells of 3× 3 H-normal matrices of type 3 https://scispace.com/papers/shielding-and-activation-considerations-for-a-meson-factory-4zifql35wu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cascade-and-evaporation-neutron-emission-cpectra-from-2qyexlrr.png Fig. 5. Cascade and evaporation neutron emission cpectra from 450":', 6oo-, .. ,..,. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-nuclear-excitation-energy-e1-produced-by-incident-246gg4gt.png Fig. 7. Nuclear excitation energy E1 produced by incident neutron or proton of energy ·En in nuclei with A near 20. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimate-oi-neutron-and-proton-omission-from-cascade-3gsoqkd5.png TABLE 1 -· .; Estimate oi neutron and proton omission from cascade processes induced per r ·~ :-: . ; ~ 'j~·y;t:' ' ' . . . https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-which-contains-data-for-targets-ops-atomic-weight-a-37vas35o.png Table 7 • which contains data for targets o£ atomic weight A:::: 60. iG included https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-mean-free-pathe-la-air-2pu0m02b.png TABLE 8 , · Mean.free pathe la ·air . : . \ ' ~ '• . : . . : .. ' . ' . https://scispace.com/papers/shielding-effectiveness-of-perforated-screens-through-an-19cdveib0x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-1l041gy9.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geometry-of-metallic-screens-wzjc0prl.png Fig. 1. Geometry of metallic screens https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-near-field-configuration-26gxorbd.png Fig. 2. Near-field configuration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-hz-cartography-for-300-mhz-a-and-600-mhz-b-e5gm3gzg.png Fig. 5. Hz cartography for 300 MHz (a) and 600 MHz (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hz-obtained-by-simulation-a-and-inverse-problem-2ejudg95.png Fig. 4. Hz obtained by simulation (a) and inverse problem approach (b) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-1o1zvj2b.png TABLE II https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2d-xy-mapping-of-hz-experimental-approach-a-numerical-2euew1zn.png Fig. 3. 2D XY mapping of Hz: experimental approach (a), numerical modeling (b) and inverse problem (c). https://scispace.com/papers/shift-of-spawning-season-and-effects-of-climate-warming-on-3oa8jjpw1d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-a-forward-stepwise-regression-analysis-of-h2h7tlua.png Table 1 Results of a forward stepwise regression analysis of the effect of the average temperatures experienced by naturally spawned embryo and fry grayling on the number of egg-bearing females that were recorded 5 years later.a https://scispace.com/papers/shielding-requirements-of-a-spect-insert-for-installation-in-1efmq5mwck 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-energy-spectra-obtained-with-123i-for-variable-fe-r28z93ga.png Fig. 3. Energy spectra obtained with 123I for variable FE shields. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-shielding-volumes-1xryf2c6.png Fig. 2. Shielding volumes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-energy-spectra-obtained-for-99mtc-111in-and-123i-with-3543yxwd.png Fig. 16. Energy spectra obtained for 99mTc, 111In and 123I with the final shielding. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-energy-spectra-obtained-with-111in-for-variable-fe-1gzqdbtg.png Fig. 4. Energy spectra obtained with 111In for variable FE shields. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-energy-spectra-obtained-with-123i-for-variable-b-1llprp3h.png Fig. 5. Energy spectra obtained with 123I for variable B shields. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-distribution-of-counts-along-the-last-detector-of-the-dnc0ha0p.png Fig. 11. Distribution of counts along the last detector of the partial ring obtained with 123I for variable L shield. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-distribution-of-counts-along-four-detectors-in-the-bh3lnri9.png Fig. 8. Distribution of counts along four detectors in the ring obtained with 111In for variable FE shields. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-trans-axial-distribution-of-counts-along-one-detector-e9h9yxsr.png Fig. 10. Trans-axial distribution of counts along one detector in the ring obtained with 111In for variable B shield. https://scispace.com/papers/shift-operator-finite-difference-time-domain-an-efficient-5ozsdo6krk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-co-polarized-and-cross-polarized-transmission-1r7g5woy.png Figure 3. Co-polarized and cross-polarized transmission coefficients of the chiral slab of Fig. 1 in (dB). (a) Co-polarized transmission coefficient. (b) Cross-polarized transmission coefficient. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reflected-pulsed-plane-wave-due-to-the-chiral-slab-1fkl0qyr.png Figure 2. Reflected pulsed plane wave due to the chiral slab of Fig. 1 at 3mm from the interface of the slab. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-transmitted-pulsed-plane-wave-through-a-chiral-slab-1hwp7jvg.png Figure 1. Transmitted pulsed plane wave through a chiral slab of thickness 10 mm. The observation point is located in free space on the other side of the slab at 3mm from the interface of the slab. Parameter of the chiral slab are given by (20). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-reflection-coefficient-of-the-chiral-slab-of-fig-1-hhqt90cp.png Figure 4. Reflection coefficient of the chiral slab of Fig. 1 in (dB). https://scispace.com/papers/shifting-of-economic-responsibilities-on-vulnerable-3e1yv1zazc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-work-related-attributes-of-mine-workers-n-1604-2iqvrh9o.png Table 2: Work related attributes of mine workers (N=1604) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-family-attributes-of-mine-workers-according-to-3b5xysc1.png Table 3: Family attributes of mine workers according to gender distribution (N=1604) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-socio-demographic-attributes-of-mine-workers-n-1604-2aq0yi7a.png Table 1: Socio demographic attributes of mine workers (N=1604) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-status-of-child-labour-in-families-of-mine-workers-3o6wvxlk.png Table 5: Status of child labour in families of mine workers https://scispace.com/papers/shifted-excitation-raman-difference-spectroscopy-applied-to-4jnmhd5jjh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-investigation-techniques-applied-to-hayabusa-1ez9sb47.png Table 1 Investigation techniques applied to Hayabusa particles #39 and #68 and the corresponding sample handling before Raman spectroscopy was applied. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-microscopic-image-of-the-hayabusa-particle-39-left-and-3s4uxfnk.png Fig. 1. Microscopic image of the Hayabusa particle #39 (left) and #68 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-raman-spectra-of-polystyrene-ps-ps1-and-ps2-correspond-4xtj4v4u.png Fig. 2. Raman spectra of polystyrene (PS). PS1 and PS2 correspond to the Raman spectra excited with λ1 and λ2, respectively. The Raman shift numbers are given relative to laser excitation wavelength λ1. The laser power on the sample was 0.4 mW and the acquisition time per spectrum was 2 s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-of-ten-raman-spectra-of-the-particle-68-for-3c1dhhmz.png Fig. 5. Average of ten Raman spectra of the particle #68 for the two laser excitation wavelengths λ1 and λ2 (black and green, respectively. The intensity offset is for clarity.) and reconstructed SERDS spectrum for the black cross position on the sample. Excitation power at the sample was 0.2 mW and 10 s integration time for each Raman spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-of-ten-raman-spectra-from-hayabusa-particle-39-2tuol081.png Fig. 6. Average of ten Raman spectra from Hayabusa particle #39 (black), and deduced SERDS spectrum (red) for the dark blue cross position on the sample (Fig. 3). The sample was excited with 0.2 mW and the measurement was performed with 10 s integration time for each Raman spectrum. The Raman spectrum from membrane foil (blue) is shown for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-typical-raman-spectra-measured-on-the-particles-39-17p32xp8.png Fig. 4. Typical Raman spectra measured on the particles #39 (left) and #68 (right) at the positions indicated in Fig. 3. The color of the spectrum corresponds to the color of the crosses in Fig. 3 D and G bands from carbon are widespread and particularly visible in two spectra (the light blue one in #39 and the magenta one in #68). Further broad bands around 2900 cm 1 probably due to the presence of organic compounds are visible in two spectra (the blue one in #39 and the magenta one in #68). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-raman-measurement-positions-indicated-by-crosses-on-31255ya8.png Fig. 3. Raman measurement positions (indicated by crosses) on the Hayabusa particles #39 (left) and #68 (right). https://scispace.com/papers/shifting-paradigms-in-carbon-pricing-3ol9aoix05 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-change-in-eu-ets-members-shares-due-to-solidarity-19jwdwx5.png Figure 2 Change in EU ETS members’ shares due to Solidarity and Growth transfers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ets-governance-space-an-empirical-mapping-of-tools-2nmsiw5i.png Figure 3 ETS governance space – an empirical mapping of tools to adjust the allowance market https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stylised-illustration-of-two-eu-emission-allowance-1srdla4a.png Figure 1 Stylised illustration of two EU emission allowance price paths https://scispace.com/papers/shim-a-deterministic-model-for-heterogeneous-embedded-3f7ee2evmm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pseudocode-for-the-blitter-process-32t14fax.png Figure 4: Pseudocode for the blitter process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-software-scheduling-algorithm-t8kx0gea.png Figure 7: The software scheduling algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-translation-of-the-processes-in-figure-10-31ww2oe6.png Figure 11: The translation of the processes in Figure 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-four-types-of-control-flow-blocks-and-their-2rorghgs.png Figure 8: The four types of control-flow blocks and their hardware equivalents. The signal flow in the hardware schematic fragments follows the structure of the control-flow graph. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-pair-of-processes-to-illustrate-the-hardware-2uj3vfd3.png Figure 10: A pair of processes to illustrate the hardware synthesis process. The receiving process on the right reads a value from the channel and uses it to decide whether to immediately read a normal value on the channel or to treat it as an end-ofblock marker. The process on the left produces a series of such blocks consisting of descending sequences of numbers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pseudocode-for-the-software-process-6z2dunv2.png Figure 5: Pseudocode for the software process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-software-blit-and-video-processes-implementing-f2r4esyw.png Figure 3: The software, blit, and video processes implementing a double-buffered display. At the end of each frame, the software signals the blitter memory to transfer its contents to the video display. The video system signals the software at the start of each frame. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pseudocode-for-the-video-process-poze7cro.png Figure 6: Pseudocode for the video process. https://scispace.com/papers/shock-desensitization-effect-in-the-stanag-4363-confined-1qruo5savr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-go-no-go-thresholds-versus-the-steel-confinement-o7ahkmzy.png Figure 4. Go / no go thresholds versus the steel confinement thicknesses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-go-no-go-thresholds-for-different-aluminum-1bilhm1e.png Figure 3. Go / no go thresholds for different aluminum confinement thickness, PETN based HE 3 mm in diameter 3 mm height. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-explosive-component-water-gap-test-set-up-stanag-p0v313ct.png Figure 1 : Explosive Component Water Gap Test set-up (Stanag 4363) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-influence-of-the-donor-charge-lx16-3-mm-h-3-mm-no-3qudska3.png Table I. Influence of the donor charge, Lx16 ∅ 3 mm, h 3 mm no confinement, https://scispace.com/papers/ship-recognition-for-improved-persistent-tracking-with-31oiec2n6s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-of-ir-images-of-ships-in-the-data-set-with-3fc22h3w.png Figure 3: Examples of IR images of ships in the data set, with high and low resolution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ships-and-numbers-used-in-the-experiment-3hciso9a.png Table 2: Ships and numbers used in the experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-ship-image-is-extracted-in-different-ways-1wqaww7w.png Figure 1: The ship image is extracted in different ways (denoted Type A, B and C) in order to evaluate its effect on recognition. Type B is centered at the center of mass of the mask (red dot) and its dimensions are limited by the minimum width/height that is contained in the image (green rectangle). Type C is also centered but its dimensions are limited by the maximum width/height that is contained in the image. The shorter sides (corresponding to the gray area in the mask) are padded by pixel replication. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-the-methods-1soz3chr.png Table 4: Comparison of the methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-human-recognition-results-1x2gbjc2.png Table 3: Human recognition results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-of-persistent-tracking-for-a-confusion-1g459nxj.png Table 6: Results of persistent tracking for a confusion probability (CP) value of 1 (only kinematics in the tracking algorithm), and for a ship type dependent recognition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-confusion-matrix-using-fisher-unit-radius-in-percent-3lqkh380.png Table 5: Confusion matrix using Fisher + Unit+Radius in percent. The accuracy based on percentages is 92.2 ± 1.3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulation-environment-g5v1nbr8.png Figure 2: Simulation environment. https://scispace.com/papers/shock-dynamics-in-granular-chains-numerical-simulations-and-2dison9odt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bi-stiffness-contact-compliant-model-287cub21.png Fig. 2 Bi-stiffness contact compliant model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-force-pulses-at-the-rigid-wall-obtained-from-the-1hj6m1fa.png Fig. 11 Force pulses at the rigid wall obtained from the numerical tests T1 for different tapered sub-chains with n2 = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 (left column) and from the experimental tests (right column) for q2 = 8.27%. The experimental data are extracted from figure 2 in [34] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-force-pulses-at-the-rigid-wall-obtained-from-the-2xqc84ph.png Fig. 10 Force pulses at the rigid wall obtained from the numerical tests T1 for different tapered sub-chains with n1 = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 (left column) and from the experimental tests (right column) for q1 = 5.6%. The experimental data are extracted from figure 1 in [34] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-front-and-tail-impulses-pf-and-pt-versus-the-contact-3g0v6big.png Fig. 17 Front and tail impulses PF and PT versus the contact position obtained from the numerical simulations with the extrapolation and the direct computation method (represented by symbols diamond and square, respectively) compared to the experimental data (represented by symbol circle). a for q1 = 5.6% and b for q2 = 8.27%. The experimental data are extracted from figure 5 (d1 and d2) in [34] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-a-contact-experiencing-multiple-1e2yq5q1.png Fig. 3 Illustration of a contact experiencing multiple compression and expansion phases https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-illustration-of-the-first-type-of-numerical-tests-1myq3pea.png Fig. 9 Illustration of the first type of numerical tests https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-wave-speed-versus-the-contact-position-obtained-from-1jqhzsly.png Fig. 16 Wave speed versus the contact position obtained from the numerical simulations with the extrapolation and direct computation methods (represented by symbols diamond and open square, respectively), compared to the experimental results (represented by symbol filled circle). a for q1 = 5.6% and b for q2 = 8.27%. The experimental data are extracted from figure 6 (c1 and c2) in [34] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-amplitude-of-single-solitary-waves-in-the-solitary-38ys14b6.png Fig. 21 Amplitude of single solitary waves in the solitary wave trains obtained from the numerical simulations, compared to the experimental data extracted from figure 2 in [23] for the solitary wave trains at the end of the stepped chains with a 25 and b 50 small beads https://scispace.com/papers/shooting-on-upland-marsh-and-stream-a-series-of-articles-2dwj3c5gl6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-irish-setter-2grm61tu.png Fig. 10. IRISH SETTER. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-throaty-fig-3-snipey-2hkq2dss.png Fig. 2. "THROATY." Fig. 3. "SNIPEY." https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-english-setter-3tru680s.png Fig. 8. -ENGLISH SETTER. https://scispace.com/papers/sholl-analysis-a-quantitative-comparison-of-semi-automated-dmznifg0ei 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sholl-profiles-for-each-method-for-62-cells-w53r8u4p.png Fig. 2. Sholl profiles for each method for 62 cells. Intersections were counted at 10 µm intervals from the soma centre to a radius of 500 µm. (A) Simple Neurite Tracer. (B) Manual method. (C) Fast Sholl. (D) Bitmap Sholl Analysis. (E) Ghosh lab Sholl Analysis. Curves represent mean intersection values ±SD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sholl-profiles-for-10-cells-to-compare-the-effect-of-343im2gv.png Fig. 4. Sholl profiles for 10 cells to compare the effect of image processing, potential image artefacts, and code editing. Dendrite intersections were counted at 10 µm intervals to a radius of 500 µm. (A) Manual analysis of tracing images. (B) Ghosh lab Sholl analysis of tracing images. (C) Bitmap analysis of tracing images. (D) Ghosh lab analysis of direct bitmap images. (E) Bitmap analysis of direct bitmap images. (F) Ghosh lab analysis of blank images subtracted from analysis of tracing images. (G) Bitmap analysis of blank images subtracted from analysis of tracing images. (H) Analysis using an edited version of the Ghosh lab code as described in the text. Curves represent mean intersection values ±SD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mouse-rgc-labelled-with-dii-and-dio-a-projected-z-3ri7uy4l.png Fig. 1. Mouse RGC labelled with DiI and DiO. (A) Projected z-stack image with orthogonal views. (B) 8-bit tracing constructed using the Fiji plugin Simple Neurite Tracer. The axon and soma were drawn post-analysis. (C) 8-bit tracing with digitally applied concentric rings spaced 10 µm apart centred on the soma centre. This image was used to count the number of intersections for the manual Sholl analysis technique. Scale bar: 100 µm. Axons indicated by arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bland-altman-plots-comparing-total-intersections-for-rlu2uab8.png Fig. 3. Bland-Altman plots comparing total intersections for each method against the manual method for 62 cells. In each case the difference in total number of intersections between each method for each cell is plotted against the average number of total intersections for the two methods for each cell. The average difference between the two methods for all cells and the limits of agreement are indicated on each plot. (A) Simple Neurite Tracer. (B) Fast Sholl. (C) Bitmap Sholl Analysis. (D) Ghosh lab Sholl Analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/shopping-centres-and-intangible-consumption-in-global-cities-2wofvnk0sr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-first-30-european-multichannel-companies-by-q8304btf.png Table 2: The First 30 European Multichannel Companies by Sales, 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-between-the-worlds-largest-shopping-3t4k3k1l.png Table 1 – Comparison between the World’s Largest Shopping Centres https://scispace.com/papers/short-chain-chitin-oligomers-from-arbuscular-mycorrhizal-tsswqtf2ja 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-short-chain-chitin-oligomers-mimic-the-ca2-spiking-1lrzp40p.png Figure 2. Short-chain chitin oligomers mimic the Ca2+ spiking activity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) germinated spore exudates. Medicago truncatula root organ cultures (ROCs) expressing the NupYC2.1 cameleon were used as a bioassay to identify symbiotic AM signals. (a) Chitinase treatment of the Gigaspora margarita germinated spore exudate (GSE) suppresses Ca2+ spiking. (b) Nonregular Ca2+ spiking elicited in response to a 10−8 M mixture of chitin oligomers (CO1-6). (c–f) Representative Ca2+ spiking in response to individual short-chain COs (CO3–6) added at 10−8 M. (g– i) The CO-induced Ca2+ spiking response is dependent on the common SYM pathway genes DMI1 and DMI2, but independent of the putative Nod factor receptor NFP. (j, k) 10−8 M CO4 elicits spiking in the root epidermis of the nonlegume AM host Daucus carota but not the nonmycorrhizal plant Arabidopsis thaliana. (l) As shown in Supporting Information Fig. S1(b), >50% of atrichoblasts fail to respond to the defense response elicitor CO8 (10−8 M). Data are presented as yellow fluorescent protein : cyan fluorescent protein (YFP : CFP) ratios (arbitrary units). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-ca2-spiking-responses-elicited-by-jpvhewif.png Figure 4. Comparison of Ca2+ spiking responses elicited by either Nod factors or chitotetraose on roots of both wildtype (WT) and nfp mutant plants. Composite Medicago truncatula plants expressing NupYC2.1 were used to compare the activities of Nod factors (NF) and chitin oligomers (COs) on whole plants. (a) Characteristic high-frequency regular spiking elicited in a root hair of a composite WT plant following treatment with 10−9 M Sinorhizobium meliloti NF. (b) Absence of spiking in root hairs of a composite nfp-2 mutant treated with 10−5 M NF. (c) As is the case for root organ cultures (ROCs), nonregular and lower frequency spiking is induced in root hairs of WT composite plants treated with 10−8 M CO4. (d) Similarly, and in contrast with NF, 10−8 M CO4 elicits nonregular spiking in roots of nfp-2 composite plants. Data are presented as yellow fluorescent protein : cyan fluorescent protein (YFP : CFP) ratios (arbitrary units) and roots were imaged every 5 s for 30 min following NF/CO4 treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nuclear-ca2-spiking-in-the-medicago-truncatula-1pe0zqll.png Figure 1. Nuclear Ca2+ spiking in the Medicago truncatula epidermis in response to germinated spore exudates of various arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) species. Nonregular Ca2+ spiking responses were observed in the nuclei of M. truncatula root organ culture (ROC) atrichoblasts expressing the nuclear cameleon NupYC2.1 after the addition of germinated spore exudates (GSEs) from both Rhizophagus and Gigaspora AM species (see the 'Materials and Methods' section). Data are presented as yellow fluorescent protein : cyan fluorescent protein (YFP : CFP) ratios (arbitrary units) and roots were imaged every 5 s for 30 min following GSE treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ca2-spiking-activities-of-various-lipochito-2qker5nb.png Figure 3. Ca2+ spiking activities of various lipochito-oligosaccharides in the Medicago truncatula root organ culture epidermis. Medicago truncatula roots expressing NupYC2.1 were treated with different lipochito-oligosaccharides (LCOs) including Sinorhizobium meliloti Nod factors (NF) and both sulphated (S) and nonsulphated (NS) Myc LCOs at the indicated concentrations. For each treatment, between 15 and 45 atrichoblasts from at least two independent roots were imaged over 30 min (see also Supporting Information Table S1). The histograms show the percentage of nuclei with zero peaks (light grey), one to two peaks (dark grey) or ≥ three peaks (black) throughout the entire 30 min imaging period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-concentrations-of-short-chain-chitin-oligomers-cos-1vsuvcqx.png Table 1. Concentrations of short-chain chitin oligomers (COs) present in Rhizophagus irregularis germinated spore exudates (GSEs) are significantly increased in the presence of the synthetic strigolactone GR24 https://scispace.com/papers/short-beaked-echidna-tachyglossus-aculeatus-home-range-at-4mzipaq02m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-minimum-convex-polygon-95-kernel-and-core-area-of-e6-1y5c4t1n.png Fig 1. Minimum convex polygon, 95% kernel and core area of E6 including individual data points. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-home-ranges-of-echidnas-determined-by-three-2v5jljkd.png Table 1. Home ranges of echidnas determined by three different calculation methods: 95% kernels (peripheral area), 50% kernels (core area) and 95% minimum convex polygons (MCP). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-the-home-range-size-of-echidnas-within-27860co4.png Table 3. Comparison of the home range size of echidnas within different climate zones. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-overlap-of-echidna-home-ranges-228ujm5v.png Table 2. Percentage overlap of echidna home ranges. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-home-range-of-echidnas-e1-e2-e3-e4-e6-e9-e10-and-e11-10d8kaya.png Fig 2. Home range of echidnas E1, E2, E3, E4, E6, E9, E10 and E11 using MCP. The base map was reprinted from the © State of New South Wales (Spatial Services, a business unit of the Department of Customer Service NSW). For current information go to spatial.nsw.gov. au. https://scispace.com/papers/short-communication-vitamin-d-and-covid-19-infection-and-k4efrc8kvp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-association-between-baseline-serum-25-oh-d-and-3ontggbk.png Table 2 Association between baseline serum 25(OH)D and confirmed COVID-19 mortality, and confirmed inpatient COVID-19 infection https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-univariable-association-between-baseline-covariates-3lc9idrq.png Table 1 Univariable association between baseline covariates and confirmed COVID-19 mortality, and confirmed inpatient COVID-19 infection https://scispace.com/papers/short-contact-touch-manipulation-of-scatterplot-matrices-on-24wiukabpc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-two-tiered-focus-context-matrix-tier-consistent-1kw8yq1y.png Figure 5: Two-tiered focus + context. Matrix-tier. Consistent matrix with multiple focus regions. Initially, the axes of the attributes displacement and mpg were enlarged in one plot (lower-left white rectangle) as well as the axes of acceleration and weight in another (upper-right). Increasing these attributes entails row-wise and column-wise propagation, which results in two additional focus regions (orange rectangles), where the enlarged attribute axes also meet; mpg and weight (upper-left orange rectangle) and acceleration and displacement (lower-right orange rectangle). Second tier. Plot-tier focus + context. Focusing on a value range in acceleration and in weight (white lines) has created a two-dimensional focus region inside the plot. The focus on those ranges is also propagated through the weight row and the acceleration column as second tier. Applying plot-tier F+C is possible in plots of any size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-touch-enabled-visual-analysis-using-sploms-on-a-225fecoa.png Figure 1: Touch-enabled visual analysis using SPLOMs on a large wall display (4.08×2.31 m). Our two-tiered Focus and Context (F+C) technique with an outer F+C at matrix level and an inner F+C within scatterplots improves the exploration process by giving access to detail even in dense areas (see Subsection 3.1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-plot-tier-focus-context-creation-top-for-one-2l88wozh.png Figure 6: Plot-tier focus + context creation (top) for one attribute, here displacement, and combined in two dimensions for two attributes, additionally with horsepower (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-long-tap-gesture-on-selected-items-filters-out-1yaosfak.png Figure 8: A long-tap gesture on selected items filters out the nonselected ones. The user initiates filtering by tapping the currently selected items (left). After a fixed duration, a long tap is detected. The filtering takes place and all other items disappear (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-continuous-vertical-paternoster-is-triggered-by-a-1f04lxbp.png Figure 7: A continuous vertical paternoster is triggered by a three-finger-fling downwards (a). The matrix is moving at a constant speed in (b) until it is stopped by a tap in the desired location (c). The orange arrow shows the already traveled distance in (b) and (c) respectively. Due to the cyclic scrolling of the matrix the rows that were pushed out at the bottom of the display re-appear at the top. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-users-can-exclude-selected-items-with-a-fling-1njkr9qq.png Figure 9: Users can exclude selected items with a fling gesture. The user starts a fling gesture on the currently selected items (left). The selected items are filtered out. Since all selected items vanished, no selection is active anymore and all elements are displayed with the usual transparency again (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-our-multitouch-interaction-vocabulary-29nm2wxr.png Figure 2: Overview of our multitouch interaction vocabulary and how, where, and by how many fingers the gestures are triggered. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-detailed-breakdown-of-sus-answers-higher-is-better-qffj8pfz.png Figure 10: Detailed breakdown of SUS answers (higher is better). Questions 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 are inverse in the questionnaire (negative wording). They were transposed to the positive side for calculating the score (as described in the original SUS paper [Bro96]) and for the chart (see the additional NOT marks). Dashed green lines represent means and solid green lines show medians. https://scispace.com/papers/short-circuit-localization-in-the-lhc-main-dipole-coils-by-7o1jnaalmc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simplified-model-of-a-coil-with-two-layers-of-three-2upfts85.png Fig. 2: Simplified model of a coil with two layers of three cable turns; dashed line is the turn bypassed by the current (left). Cross sections of the coils with respect to the short: the crosses indicate that no current is flowing inside the cable (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-main-features-of-all-the-detected-shorts-1aetob2o.png TABLE II MAIN FEATURES OF ALL THE DETECTED SHORTS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-function-f-n-as-defined-in-eq-3-versus-multipole-order-3jjrvs0f.png Fig. 4: Function f(n) as defined in Eq. (3) versus multipole order n for the field anomaly, and linear fit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-expected-and-measured-case-2101-field-anomalies-in-a2-3lkqkbh3.png Fig. 5: Expected and measured (case 2101) field anomalies in a2, b3 versus short circuit position. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-expected-and-measured-case-2101-field-anomalies-in-a4-3a0thrma.png Fig. 6: Expected and measured (case 2101) field anomalies in a4, b5 versus short circuit position. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-collared-coil-cross-section-36de6aic.png Fig. 1: Collared coil cross section https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-field-harmonics-measured-in-the-cases-with-and-2hv90p71.png TABLE I FIELD HARMONICS MEASURED IN THE CASES WITH AND WITHOUT SHORT, DIFFERENCE, CONTROL LIMITS OF THE PRODUCTION, EXPECTED FIELD ANOMALY FOR SHORT IN POSITION 34-34 AND DIFFERENCE WITH RESPECT TO MEASUREMENT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cable-numbering-for-half-aperture-of-a-lhc-dipole-3sno9e1v.png Figure 3: Cable numbering for half aperture of a LHC dipole. https://scispace.com/papers/short-hours-long-hours-hour-levels-and-trends-in-the-retail-4it2oasst9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sources-for-independent-variables-in-regression-24xpaudy.png Table 2 Sources for Independent Variables in Regression Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-weekly-hours-of-work-in-mexico-selected-years-1h0u67m2.png Table 4 Weekly Hours of Work in Mexico, Selected Years https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regressions-of-log-weekly-hours-on-cyclical-3h3n1ll3.png Table 3 Regressions of Log Weekly Hours on Cyclical Variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-u-s-grocery-average-weekly-hours-deseasonalized-2tmklwpm.png Figure 1 U.S. Grocery Average Weekly Hours, Deseasonalized, 2000–2009. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-canadian-grocery-average-weekly-hours-2y568sls.png Figure 2 Canadian Grocery Average Weekly Hours, Deseasonalized, 2000–2009. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-levels-of-average-weekly-hours-for-the-united-states-t4wc9i0v.png Table 1 Levels of Average Weekly Hours for the United States, Canada, and Mexico (multiyear averages) https://scispace.com/papers/short-duration-chickpea-to-replace-fallow-after-aman-rice-16aen4w8oa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-monthly-rainfall-mm-at-chabbishnagar-rajshahi-22izoqrd.png Table 1. Monthly rainfall (mm) at Chabbishnagar, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. The growing period for chickpea is shown in bold type. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-yield-and-yield-components-from-on-farm-paired-plot-2riovmjc.png Table 2. Yield and yield components from on-farm, paired-plot trials of seed priming in chickpea (cv. Barichola-2) in the High Barind Tract of Bangladesh during the rabi (post-rainy season) of 1998-99 (30 farmers) and 1999-00 (35 farmers). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-yield-and-yield-components-from-r-fteen-xbnatujt.png Table 3. Yield and yield components from ®fteen demonstrations of seed priming in chickpea (cv. Barichola-5) in the High Barind Tract of Bangladesh in the rabi (post-rainy season) 1999±00. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-districts-in-the-barind-region-of-14o9a9e7.png Fig. 1. Location of districts in the Barind region of Bangladesh in which trials were held. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-probability-of-achieving-a-given-grain-yield-32p4dl6y.png Fig. 2. Probability of achieving a given grain yield. https://scispace.com/papers/short-dc-discharge-with-wall-probe-as-a-gas-analytical-3ockstz3jr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-d2iw-dv-2-in-he-ar-mixture-4-torr-the-maximum-at-4-ev-149m46se.png Fig. 4 d2Iw/dV 2 in He/Ar mixture (4 Torr). The maximum at 4 eV is Penning ionization of Ar by He metastable. The maxima between 6 eV and 12 eV are due to Ar metastables. The discharge current was 10 mA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-high-energy-portion-of-d2iw-dv-2-in-a-ne-3-torr-ar-0-5-16kmnqdf.png Fig. 5 High energy portion of d2Iw/dV 2 in a Ne (3 Torr), Ar (0.5 Torr) and O2 20%)/ Ar(80% (0.5 Torr) dc discharge. The discharge currents were 10, 2, and 3 mA, respectively. The maxima at 16 eV and 11.5 eV are due to collisions of Ne and Ar metastables with slow electrons. The maximum at ∼4 eV due to electron detachment from oxygen, i.e., O− +O → O2 + ef . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-high-energy-portion-of-d2iw-dv-2-in-a-helium-dc-kqq9ta9w.png Fig. 3 High energy portion of d2Iw/dV 2 in a helium dc discharge. Discharge conditions are the same as in Fig. 2, except for discharge current: 2 mA (lower curve), 4 mA (middle curve), and 5 mA (upper curve). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-d2iw-dv-2-in-the-afterglow-of-a-he-and-ar-mixture-4-1kyfzp9y.png Fig. 6 d2Iw/dV 2 in the afterglow of a He and Ar mixture (4 Torr) dc pulsed discharge. Upper curve is 85 μs after the pulse and lower curve is 450 μs). The maximum at 4 eV is connected to Penning ionization of Ar atoms by He metastable. The maxima at 15 eV and 19.8 eV are deactivation of He metastables by slow electrons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-experimental-device-with-a-cold-3khbcu06.png Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of experimental device with a cold cathode (C), an anode (A), and a cylindrical wall (W). A typical structure of discharge plasma is shown. The dashed line indicates cathode sheath boundary. Negative (NG) and anode (AG) glows are shaded regions near the cathode and anode, respectively and Faraday Dark Space (FDS) is between NG and AG. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-probe-current-iw-with-first-diw-dv-and-second-u2zguz9j.png Fig. 2 Probe current Iw, with first, dIw/dV , and second derivatives, d2Iw/dV 2, with respect to wall probe potential in a helium (4 Torr) dc discharge. The discharge current is 5 mA. The maximum at about -15 V is connected to Penning ionization of two metastable He atoms (reaction 1). The maximum at about -20 V is connected to deactivation of He metastables by slow electrons (reaction 2). https://scispace.com/papers/short-gram-scale-syntheses-of-b-and-g-lycorane-using-two-1b26lticpf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-selection-of-alkaloids-from-amaryllidaceae-family-1p51ghqk.png Figure 1. Selection of alkaloids from Amaryllidaceae family https://scispace.com/papers/short-of-drugs-call-upon-operations-and-supply-chain-mc7ioerxfg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-causes-of-drug-shortages-in-high-income-countries-1acfdfig.png Figure 1. Causes of drug shortages in high-income countries. Adapted from Woodcock and Wosinska (2013). Please note that although this captures key cause-effect relationships, it is a partial and generalized representation of the problem. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-scheme-for-classification-of-grey-literature-on-drug-3nz1ps1s.png Table 1: Scheme for classification of grey literature on drug shortages https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-schemes-for-classification-of-academic-literature-on-2y6jyigy.png Table 2: Schemes for classification of academic literature on drug shortages https://scispace.com/papers/short-peptides-as-predictors-for-the-structure-of-nxyqjffl72 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ramachandran-plots-for-individual-arginine-residues-8vqpzjjf.png Figure 2. Ramachandran plots for individual arginine residues in GRG, GRRG and GRRRG derived from a conformational analysis of these peptides as described in the text. The bold capital R indicates the residue for which the conformational distribution is displayed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-hellinger-distances-comparing-the-7yoqrjs6.png Table 2. List of Hellinger distances comparing the Ramachandran plots of the indicated residues in the investigated peptides. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-end-to-end-distance-between-the-n-terminal-and-the-kkyinoj8.png Figure 6: End to end distance between the N-terminal and the C-terminal carbonyl oxygen calculated as function of the difference between the number of residues of a hypothetical poly-arginine peptide for which we assumed the Ramachandran distribution obtained for the central residue R2 of GRRRG. The solid line results from a fit of a lower law to the calculated data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mesostate-populations-of-arginine-residues-in-the-xdrccsfb.png Table 3. Mesostate populations of arginine residues in the Ramachandran plots of the indicated peptides as obtained from MD simulations with an CHARMM36m force field and a TIP3P water model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nmr-measurements-to-determine-j-coupling-constants-2v91xzib.png Figure 1: NMR measurements to determine J-coupling constants, shown for GRRG. A) Experimental doublets resulting from the 3J(HN,Hα) coupling. B) Soft HNCA-COSY for determination of 3J(HN,C’). C) CO-coupled [H]NCαHα for the determination of 3J(Hα,C’). D) HNHB[HB]-E.COSY for the measurement of 3J(HN,Cβ). E) Intensities obtained from a J-modulated 1H,15N-HSQC experiment and the fit I t( ) = Acos 1J N,C '( )t( )cos 2J NC '( )t( )×exp -t T2( ) to determine 1J(Ni,Cαi) or 2J(Ni,Cαi-1) are shown in gray. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-amide-i-profiles-in-the-x-and-y-polarized-v-raman-xcupw1hh.png Figure 3. Amide I’ profiles in the x- ( ● ) and y-polarized ( ▼ ) Raman spectra of GRRG and GRRRG in D2O at pD 2. The solid lines in the figures result from simulations based on conformational distributions inferred from J-coupling constants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ramachandran-of-arginine-residues-in-grg-grrg-and-1bok29bb.png Figure 3. Amide I’ profiles in the x- ( ● ) and y-polarized ( ▼ ) Raman spectra of GRRG and GRRRG in D2O at pD 2. The solid lines in the figures result from simulations based on conformational distributions inferred from J-coupling constants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-and-computed-j-coupling-constants-of-b3f1xo7p.png Table 1. Experimental and computed J-coupling constants of the indicated arginine residues of GRG, GRRG and GRRRG in aqueous solution. Experimental uncertainties are listed in parenthesis. The theoretical values were calculated with a Gaussian distribution model described in the text.48 The mole fraction of the considered conformations are listed at the bottom of each column. Gaussian modelling of GRRG and GRRRG https://scispace.com/papers/short-report-a-damaging-downslope-wind-storm-in-western-kthzzks877 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-observations-of-maximum-gust-speeds-from-vovb1ai1.png Table 1: Selected observations of maximum gust speeds from western Wales on 2 March 2018. CWOP- Citizen Weather Observer Program station. Source: http://weatherobs.com/ (accessed 03/03/2018). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-cross-section-at-the-latitude-of-aberystwyth-2866ci6u.png Figure 1: Model cross-section at the latitude of Aberystwyth from a T+12h forecast valid at 06 UTC 2 March. Relative humidity (%) shaded according to colour scale; dry-bulb potential temperature (K) thin, black contours; horizontal windspeed (ms-1) red contours, 40 ms-1 isotach highlighted in bold; vertical velocity (cm s-1) bold black contours every 50 cm s-1, descent dashed; Richardson number = 0.25 green contour. The location of Aberystwyth in the plane of the cross-section is indicated by the vertical line. https://scispace.com/papers/short-range-order-and-network-connectivity-in-amorphous-4lsdvh8fwh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-total-pair-correlation-function-for-amorphous-aste3-at-2patgdff.png Fig. 4 Total pair correlation function for amorphous AsTe3 at T = 300 K. The experimental results (blue lines) are compared to the FPMD calculated ST(k) (red lines) and to ML-GAP ST(k) (green lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-total-x-ray-structure-factor-for-amorphous-aste3-at-t-2egg7x8j.png Fig. 3 Total X-ray structure factor for amorphous AsTe3 at T = 300 K. The experimental results (blue lines) are compared to the calculated FPMD ST(k) in the reciprocal space (gray lines) or obtained through Fourier transform of the pair correlation functions with a cutoff value kmax = 21.8 Å (red lines), and to the ML-GAP ST(k) (green lines). These results are also compared to the measured ST(k) for amorphous As20Te80 from Ref. [ 17] (black lines). The inset represents a zoom on the FSDP region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-snapshot-of-amorphous-aste3-fpmd-model-at-t-300-k-for-2x5jzdkb.png Fig. 10 Snapshot of amorphous AsTe3 FPMD model at T = 300 K. For the color code: As (purple), and Te (light green). As centered pyramids are also highlighted and periodic clones are shown for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-connectivity-profiles-for-amorphous-aste3-ml-gap-model-3msotaar.png Fig. 9 Connectivity profiles for amorphous AsTe3 ML-GAP model obtained using the RINGS method. (top panel) Rc(n), number of rings of size n normalized to the total number of atoms in the model, (bottom panel) Pn(n), number of atoms at the origin of at least one ring of size n normalized to the total number of atoms in the model. Vertical lines represnts the standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-faber-ziman-partial-structure-factors-sfztete-k-s-mt0y4ggl.png Fig. 5 The Faber-Ziman partial structure factors SFZTeTe(k), S FZ AsTe(k), and SFZAsAs(k) for amorphous AsTe3 at T = 300 K obtained from FPMD (red lines) and ML-GAP (green lines). The curves are shifted vertically for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-partial-pair-correlation-functions-gtete-r-gaste-r-2sbp1ple.png Fig. 6 The partial pair correlation functions gTeTe(r), gAsTe(r), and gAsAs(r) for amorphous AsTe3 at T = 300 K obtained from FPMD (red lines) and ML-GAP (green lines). The curves are shifted vertically for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-bond-angle-distribution-around-as-atom-top-and-around-2mb79ip4.png Fig. 8 Bond angle distribution around As atom (top) and around Te atom (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-differential-scanning-calorimetry-thermogram-of-ievj4dfb.png Fig. 1 Differential scanning calorimetry thermogram of amorphous AsTe3. The glass transition temperature Tg and the crystallization temperature Tc are provided. https://scispace.com/papers/short-run-dynamics-of-feed-ingredient-prices-facing-the-ec-a-wj23hrogex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2tx29d5f.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1dihkzdf.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/papers/short-rotation-woody-crops-program-quarterly-progress-report-z62gzemkl6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-26hjinqx.png Table 1. (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-noisture-content-data-after-1st-year-18zpydhr.png Table 2. Summary of Noisture Content Data after 1st year. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sununary-of-spe-cific-gravity-data-after-1st-year-1d8qpzkr.png Table 1. (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-hollocellulose-and-klason-lignin-content-2qfe13up.png Table 6. Summary of Hollocellulose and .Klason Lignin Content. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-extractive-content-after-1st-year-m72cf42i.png Table 5. Summary of Extractive Content after 1st year. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-short-rotation-woody-crops-program-srwcp-projects-by-ultrfjoq.png Table 1. (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-l-summary-of-average-concentration-of-n-p-k-ca-and-1todajkp.png Table 7. l/ Summary of average- concentration of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the one year old wood, wood/bark and bark samples of the 1980 replications of Control, Fertilization, Irrigation, and https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-gross-heat-of-combustion-data-after-1st-2tgvpcqp.png Table 3. Summary of Gross Heat of Combustion Data after 1st year. https://scispace.com/papers/short-selling-bans-and-bank-stability-3rguo175cs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-describes-our-data-set-separately-for-the-two-1q4thego.png Table 1 describes our data set, separately for the two financial crises: the left panel refers to the bans enacted in 2008, the right panel to those enacted in 2011. In 2008, regulators often imposed both naked and covered bans, in several cases subsequently lifting the latter but retaining the former. We show the dates of imposition and revocation and the scope of the first ban imposed in each country, be it naked or covered. In 2011, all the new bans were covered bans, so the right panel shows the inception and lifting dates and the scope of covered bans only. In many of these countries the naked bans imposed in the previous financial crisis were still in force through 2011. The bans for https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-shows-that-in-the-first-crisis-the-pd-over-a-3-month-2hf901ha.png Table 3 shows that in the first crisis, the PD over a 3-month horizon increased for all stocks when subject to naked or covered bans (column 1), for financials under either type of ban (column 2), and for bank stocks under naked but not covered bans (column 3). In the second crisis, PD increased significantly for all stocks subject to covered bans (column 4), especially financials (column 5) and even more so bank stocks (column 6): comparing the coefficient in column 6 with that in column 4 indicates that the increase in PD associated with the 2011 ban is eight times greater for banks than for “banned” stocks in general. This is an interesting finding: that is, while regulators have imposed bans in order to stabilize banks, these appear to have featured a larger increase in solvency risk than other companies with the enactment of naked short-selling bans in the first crisis and of covered bans in the second. The magnitude of the coefficients indicates that these effects are also economically significant: compared to the sample medians of banks shown in Table 2, the PD of banks doubled in coincidence with the naked bans of 2008, and more than doubled concomitantly with the covered bans of 2011. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-statistics-on-matched-samples-3buadts9.png Table 8. Statistics on matched samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-shows-the-results-from-estimating-the-effects-of-the-24yo7hl0.png Table 9 shows the results from estimating the effects of the bans on the PD, volatility and stock returns (i.e., the specifications of Tables 3, 5 and 6) on the sample of financial institutions resulting from our matching procedure. Owing to the relatively small size of the sample, we now use a single ban variable, equal to 1 whenever a short-selling ban (whether naked or covered) was enacted and 0 otherwise. In the 2011 crisis, as noted above, this variable coincides with the covered ban dummy. Columns 1-3 present the estimates for the 2008 crisis in regressions where the dependent variables are PD, volatility and stock return, respectively; columns 4-6 show the corresponding estimates for the 2011 crisis. In the PD and volatility regressions of columns 1-2 and 4-5, we also control for the stock’s own return, as in Table 7, in order to focus on the effect https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-stability-of-financial-institutions-and-short-387l16zf.png Table A.3. Stability of Financial Institutions and Short-Selling Bans: IV Estimates Based on a Country-Level Ban Rule https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-stability-of-financial-institutions-and-short-2d0b71lo.png Table 11. Stability of Financial Institutions and Short-Selling Bans: IV Estimates https://scispace.com/papers/short-stories-in-the-academy-mimesis-diegesis-and-the-role-u13ri4r7fy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bar-at-the-folies-bergere-1882-edouard-manet-15wygei0.png Figure 1: Bar at the Folies-Bergère (1882), Edouard Manet. https://scispace.com/papers/short-term-effects-of-nitrate-rich-green-leafy-vegetables-on-2oknmd4ojf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effects-of-a-7-day-high-nitrate-diet-intervention-1a2rd2jh.png Figure 4: Effects of a 7 day high nitrate diet intervention compared with a 7 day low nitrate diet intervention in individuals with high normal blood pressure (n=38) on 10 hour day-time ambulatory (A) mean hourly systolic blood pressure, (B) mean baseline https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effects-of-a-7-day-high-nitrate-diet-intervention-3p23elg6.png Figure 3: Effects of a 7 day high nitrate diet intervention compared with a 7 day low nitrate https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-twenty-four-hour-urinary-sodium-potassium-creatinine-1di9upmc.png Table 3: Twenty four hour urinary sodium, potassium, creatinine and creatinine corrected urinary sodium (Na/Cr), potassium (K/Cr) and urinary sodium to potassium ratio (Na/K) at day 7 for low and high nitrate diet a. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effects-of-a-7-day-high-nitrate-diet-intervention-3lby98zd.png Figure 5: Effects of a 7 day high nitrate diet intervention compared with a 7 day low nitrate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effects-of-a-7-day-high-nitrate-diet-intervention-xbmbkoom.png Figure 6: Effects of a 7 day high nitrate diet intervention compared with a 7 day low nitrate https://scispace.com/papers/short-term-effects-on-soil-properties-and-wheat-production-388db63u7k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-response-of-grain-yield-of-wheat-grown-in-two-1636aool.png Fig. 2. Response of grain yield of wheat grown in two Mediterranean soils amended with secondary paper sludge. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-initial-properties-of-the-unamended-soils-37iol6ds.png Table 1 Selected initial properties of the unamended soils https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-response-of-straw-yield-of-wheat-grown-in-two-m1jhqvs4.png Fig. 3. Response of straw yield of wheat grown in two Mediterranean soils amended with secondary paper sludge. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-wheat-straw-yield-and-selected-elemental-composition-329wf1o8.png Table 5 Wheat straw yield and selected elemental composition as affected by secondary paper mill sludge application https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-initial-chemical-characteristics-of-the-unamended-zfpo42vn.png Table 2 Initial chemical characteristics of the unamended paper mill sludge https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-secondary-paper-mill-sludge-on-selected-37itt8er.png Table 3 Effect of secondary paper mill sludge on selected chemical properties of amended soils https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-response-of-grain-nitrogen-of-wheat-grown-in-two-2d51lavm.png Fig. 1. Response of grain nitrogen of wheat grown in two Mediterranean soils amended with secondary paper sludge. https://scispace.com/papers/short-term-frequency-stability-measurement-of-bva-3hufzx25mj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dmtdm-setup-21z2snpo.png Figure 1. DMTDM setup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-frequency-stability-of-a-b-pair-3gdnaeaw.png Figure 5. Frequency stability of A-B pair. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-illustration-of-disturbing-periodicity-f06co5y7.png Figure 6. Illustration of disturbing periodicity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-individual-stability-from-least-squares-1bzbnzqk.png Figure 4. Individual stability from least squares decomposition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-ffm-floor-estimated-from-justifiable-minimum-328j46dd.png TABLE I. FFM FLOOR ESTIMATED FROM JUSTIFIABLE MINIMUM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-four-cornered-hat-3b60nycs.png Figure 3. Four-cornered hat. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-performance-test-of-ipe1-ipe2-comparators-and-5110a-29859tnc.png Figure 2. Performance test of IPE1/IPE2 comparators and 5110A. https://scispace.com/papers/short-term-load-forecasting-for-demand-side-management-23cp59wlno 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-absolute-percentage-errors-in-prediction-3kdkdld4.png Table 2 : Mean absolute percentage errors in prediction https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-of-the-proposed-method-vis-a-vis-two-3deu0jtz.png Table 1: Performance of the proposed method vis-a-vis two other methods for a lead time of one week https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-load-variation-over-period-of-several-weeks-220kv-37t2bl6l.png Fig. 1 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-simphjiedflowchart-of-proposed-short-term-load-n9dvr1l8.png Fig. 13 Simphjiedflowchart of proposed short-term load forecasting method https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1-bsanf3kr.png Fig. 1 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-18p38wru.png Fig. 10 https://scispace.com/papers/short-term-recovery-from-prolonged-exercise-exploring-the-1t7cku3t3f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-studies-examining-muscle-glycogen-1zsiqc4o.png Table I. Summary of studies examining muscle glycogen resynthesis during short-term recovery (i.e. >2-6) from exercise at varied rates of ingesting carbohydrate alone. https://scispace.com/papers/short-time-viterbi-for-online-hmm-decoding-evaluation-on-a-12bghpzcjj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-toy-example-on-figure-a-the-set-of-reachable-states-ofasn2ho.png Fig. 1. Toy example : on figure a), the set of reachable states after time b=12 are not connex, thus the local paths cannot fuse. On figure b), the model topology was made connex, thus allowing a fusion point to arise at τ = 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-accuracy-curves-for-four-imposed-maximum-latencies-and-32znoqm2.png Fig. 4. Accuracy curves for four imposed maximum latencies, and an increasing number of Gaussians per state. The accuracy of STV alone is reproduced for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-phone-recognition-scores-comparison-of-the-2uhb38b5.png Fig. 3. a) Phone recognition scores : comparison of the unmodified models λref behavior with two modified model sets λP and λS . b) Latencies for different model structures pairs, with increasing number of Gaussians. P and S letters refer to λP and λS models sets respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phone-level-topology-of-model-lp-including-additional-19n9lgw8.png Fig. 2. Phone-level topology of model λP , including additional backward transitions. https://scispace.com/papers/short-time-dynamics-of-colloidal-suspensions-in-confined-4i3epmxwv5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-amplitude-of-the-long-time-tail-measured-in-the-sim-3mmky4pm.png FIG. 5. Amplitude of the long-time tail measured in the sim lation Asim relative to the theoretical predictionAth given in Eq.~15! as a function of the distance from the center of the disturbanc from the particle centery to the center of the two-dimensional tub yc , expressed in lattice units. The tube width isL516, and the viscosityn5 12 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-decay-of-the-vacf-for-a-disk-of-radiusr-52-5-in-the-29ef83k3.png FIG. 6. Decay of the VACF for a disk of radiusr 52.5 in the center of a box of sidesLy59 andLx5199. The coefficienta used to show the long-time exponential decay has been fitted. We h useda50.006. Lengths are expressed in lattice units. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-t-tn50-78-for-caption-see-fig-7-1bal37nh.png FIG. 8. t/tn50.78. For caption, see Fig. 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-flow-field-vorticity-and-density-from-top-to-bottom-14ygulww.png FIG. 7. Flow field, vorticity, and density, from top to bottom respectively (t/tn50.47). The velocity field, which is at the top, i scaled withs5Max vx in the x direction, whereas for they direction 4s is used to scale the arrows. For the sake of clarity one of the velocity vectors in both directions are omitted from the p ture. The vorticity field is obtained by applying Eq.~17! to the velocity field, and is shown in the middle. It is scaled such that isovorticity lines are shown, at heights which vary linearly betwe the maximum and minimum vorticities. The largest vorticity is d picted by the darkest color. The same procedure was performe the density, the bottom picture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-diffusion-coefficient-of-a-particle-with-radiusr-in-lm4v56us.png FIG. 9. Diffusion coefficient of a particle with radiusr in the center of a cylindrical tube with radiusR, normalized with respect to its value at the center of the tube. The points denote simula results, and the line corresponds to the center-line approximati https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-profile-of-the-diffusion-coefficient-of-a-particle-of-3hlcd2ev.png FIG. 11. Profile of the diffusion coefficient of a particle of ra dius 2.5 in a tube of width 9 lattice spacings, as a function of position off-center.x is the direction of the axis of the cylinder, an we move off-center in thez direction.D refers to the average loca diffusion coefficient defined as the mean of its three componen https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-profile-for-the-component-of-the-diffusion-coefficie-1c33p7b3.png FIG. 12. Profile for the component of the diffusion coefficie parallel to the walls in a two-dimensional slit for two different tub widths,Ly . The particle has always radiusr 52.5 lattice units. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-dependence-of-the-diffusion-coefficient-with-time-fo-14hn1b3e.png FIG. 10. Dependence of the diffusion coefficient with time fo particle of radiusr 52.5 in a slit of widthLy57. tw5(L/2) 2/n is the time needed the vorticity to diffuse the width of the tube. https://scispace.com/papers/shorter-effective-lifespan-in-laboratory-populations-of-d-2efqxz5dwl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-summary-of-anova-for-mating-and-courtship-2bmh5fq0.png Table 1. Results summary of ANOVA for mating and courtship frequencies.1 445 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-summary-of-anova-for-maturation-time-mt-and-s3gva14j.png Table 2. Results summary of ANOVA for maturation time (MT) and copulation duration 453 (CD).2 454 https://scispace.com/papers/short-time-work-in-and-after-the-great-recession-1mexh84p60 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-data-sources-and-sample-overlap-1vwh72ql.png Table 1: Overview of data sources and sample overlap https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-6-effect-of-short-time-work-approval-on-net-share-of-1k5q2uj1.png Table A.6: Effect of short-time work approval on net share of dismissed workers, by broad industry https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-cost-benefit-analysis-of-the-swiss-short-time-work-v0ffr7ea.png Table 9: Cost benefit analysis of the Swiss short-time work scheme in 2009 (in CHF) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-iv-estimates-of-the-effect-of-stw-approval-on-1wojove4.png Table 7: IV estimates of the effect of STW approval on dismissals into unemployment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dismissals-around-short-time-work-application-by-365539d2.png Figure 4: Dismissals around short-time work application by approval decision https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-expected-shortfall-in-labor-demand-and-approval-17c67gfc.png Figure 2: Expected shortfall in labor demand and approval decision https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-share-of-registrations-for-which-the-last-employer-ots5ws5r.png Table A.1: Share of registrations for which the last employer is known https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-7-effect-of-short-time-work-approval-on-net-share-of-28l6cwgp.png Table A.7: Effect of short-time work approval on net share of dismissed workers, by establishment size https://scispace.com/papers/short-wave-infrared-barriode-detectors-using-ingaassb-57fok47beh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-epilayer-structure-with-compositional-doping-and-pemdq6gr.png FIG. 1. Epilayer structure, with compositional, doping, and thickness information. The AlGaSb layer is the barrier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-normalized-spectral-response-data-between-190-and-300-34j3t1wi.png FIG. 4. Normalized spectral response data, between 190 and 300 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-photoluminescence-results-between-4-and-300-k-features-315sjo7w.png FIG. 3. Photoluminescence results between 4 and 300 K. Features due to water vapour absorption around 2.7 lm were excluded when performing fittings to determine the bandgap. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-modeled-bandstructure-following-the-model-of-krijn-12-2pgc3pw7.png FIG. 2. Modeled bandstructure, following the model of Krijn,12 using the fitted XRD parameters shown in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-photocurrents-for-200-lm-side-length-square-mesas-2la354um.png FIG. 9. Photocurrents for 200 lm side-length (square) mesas, measured under low excitation powers, as provided by attenuating a 1.55 lm laser. The horizontal lines indicate the magnitude of the dark current shift with the corresponding change in device temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dark-currents-as-a-function-of-temperature-as-measured-2g5gfztz.png FIG. 5. Dark currents as a function of temperature, as measured using Keithley 2400 and 6430 Sourcemeters, an activation energy fitting, and a line from Rule 07. The bias voltage was 0.1 V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-temperature-dependence-of-the-hole-diffusion-length-as-j747dvsc.png FIG. 8. Temperature dependence of the hole diffusion length, as established from the dark currents using a fitting procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-specific-detectivity-as-a-function-of-bias-and-208leqau.png FIG. 6. Specific detectivity, as a function of bias and temperature. Weak bias dependence is observed as a result of somewhat bias-independent dark currents. https://scispace.com/papers/shortest-path-planning-for-energy-constrained-mobile-2cxlamznxl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-results-of-test-i-using-dijkstras-and-z-1x0ll2z4.png TABLE IV RESULTS OF TEST I USING DIJKSTRA’S AND Z*. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-illustrations-of-the-search-graph-and-open-and-kwkx4g4n.png TABLE I ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SEARCH GRAPH AND OPEN AND CLOSED LISTS AFTER EACH ITERATION. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-results-of-test-ii-using-csa-17sjtjkj.png TABLE V RESULTS OF TEST II USING CSA*. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-results-of-test-i-using-dijkstras-and-z-1cnvnier.png TABLE II RESULTS OF TEST I USING DIJKSTRA’S AND Z*. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-results-of-test-i-using-csa-3cm5y5z2.png TABLE III RESULTS OF TEST I USING CSA*. https://scispace.com/papers/shot-noise-induced-by-nonequilibrium-spin-accumulation-13lehxzkfj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-measured-s-at-e3-as-a-function-of-v-for-3qomscqw.png FIG. 3 (color online). (a) Measured S at E3 as a function of V for P and AP configurations for several injection currents. The curves are offset vertically by 1 × 10−26 A2=Hz for clarity. The dotted curve is the fitted curve from Eq. (1). The error bar for each point is 0.4 × 10−27 A2=Hz. (b) B dependence of S measured with keeping V constant (V ¼ −6.8 mV) for Iinj ¼ 0;−9, and −23 μA (from bottom to top). The thick arrows denote the magnetization directions of E2 and E3. (c) SS versus IS for the bias region (jeVj > Δμ=2, 2kBT) for several injection currents and for different detection electrodes. The dashed line is the linear relation with F ¼ 0.77. The inset shows the counterpart of the main graph for SC versus IC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-schematic-diagram-of-the-sample-and-35mnvb06.png FIG. 2 (color online). (a) Schematic diagram of the sample and measurement system. Six (Ga,Mn)As electrodes (E1 to E6) are placed on the n-GaAs channel, where E2 (4 μm × 50 μm size) is an injection electrode, while either E3, E4, or E5 (0.5 μm× 50 μm size) is a detection electrode. The center-to-center spacing between the neighboring electrodes is 5 μm. Schematic spatial dependence of each chemical potential in the n-GaAs channel is illustrated. (b) Typical nonlocal voltage signal for Iinj ¼ −23 μA. A peak observed around the zero magnetic field is induced by dynamic nuclear spin polarization (DNP) [23]. This effect is irrelevant to the present result, as the noise measurement was performed outside of the DNP region. (c) Schematic energy diagram at the detection electrode in the presence of eV and Δμ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-iinj-dependence-of-the-extracted-kbdte-1sr8wo3l.png FIG. 4 (color online). (a) Iinj dependence of the extracted kBΔTe and Δμ at detector E3. (b) L dependence of kBΔTe and Δμ for Iinj ¼ −23 μA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-current-noise-at-t-1-4-0-for-dm-1-4-400-174btr1d.png FIG. 1 (color online). (a) Current noise at T ¼ 0 for Δμ ¼ 400 μeV, when a nonmagnetic detector electrode is used [11]. The inset shows the schematic energy diagram. The dotted curve indicates shot noise without spin accumulation. (b) Current noise when a ferromagnetic contact is used on one side of the tunneling barrier as a detector electrode (α ¼ 0.75 and β ¼ 0.25). https://scispace.com/papers/shortwave-radiative-effect-of-arctic-low-level-clouds-1vu5d0srsr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-an-example-of-the-snow-fraction-along-with-its-33qf7ocp.png Figure 2. (a) An example of the snow fraction along with its uncertainty estimated from the nadir camera imagery at 20:03:32 UTC on 13 September, at 73.85◦ N, 132.95◦W. The flight altitude was 134 m. The left panel is the nadir camera imagery. The radius of the field of view was about 380 m. The right panel uses yellow and purple to indicate bright and dark pixels as detected by the adaptive thresholding method. The snow fraction is derived from the abundance of yellow pixels. (b) The upwelling and downwelling irradiance from SSFR–BBR at the same time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-broadband-a-downwelling-and-b-upwelling-irradiance-170i54lt.png Figure 7. Broadband (a) downwelling and (b) upwelling irradiance from SSFR–BBR, BBR, and MODIS COPs (Terra MODIS at 22:00) RTM calculations on 11 September (above clouds) along with their uncertainties (c) and (d) the histograms. The observed irradiances include a horizontal error bar (indicating the size of the SSFR–BBR FOV) in addition to the vertical error bar (indicating the uncertainty of SSFR–BBR irradiance). The cloud optical thickness from MODIS is indicated in green. The average cloud optical thickness is 6.03. The forward camera images are provided at (1) 21:46:39, (2) 22:01:53, and (3) 22:31:05. The nadir camera images are provided at (i) 21:18:15, (ii) 21:49:22, (iii) 22:03:28, and (iv) 22:41:18 UTC. The time differences between aircraft measurements and the MODIS granule are indicated in the axis labels. The average flight altitude was 7 km and the average aircraft ground speed was 150 ms−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-spectral-upwelling-irradiance-from-ssfr-bbr-16whgug4.png Figure 12. (a) Spectral upwelling irradiance from SSFR–BBR (black) and MODIS COPs RTM calculations with atmospheric profiles from MERRA-2 (red) and with AFGL subarctic summer climatology (blue) at 21:24 UTC on 11 September. (b) Irradiance difference between RTM and SSFR–BBR. The uncertainty of the SSFR–BBR irradiance is indicated as error bars (for one spectrum only). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-vertical-profiles-of-temperature-and-water-vapor-257ii5bf.png Figure 3. Vertical profiles of temperature and water vapor from MERRA-2 and from the climatology (AFGL) for (a) 11 September and (b) from the C-130 for 13 September 2014. On 11 September, MERRA-2 data at 21:00 UTC were averaged over the region of 72.5◦ N, 74◦ N, 135◦W, 130.625◦W to represent the atmospheric profile there. The vertical cloud distribution was unavailable from the in situ data. On 13 September, aircraft data from a descending leg (19:31 to 19:50 UTC at 74.1◦ N, 133.8◦W) were used for the atmospheric profiles. Based on the water vapor profile, the cloud was likely located below 1.0 km (indicated in gray). Since hygrometer measurements were not available on 11 September, the cloud top height (1.1 km) was obtained from the MODIS L2 product) and the geometric thickness was set to 0.2 km (just like on 13 September). The flight level range is also shown. The solid lines for both days represent the temperature and water vapor profiles that went into the radiative transfer calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-spectral-surface-albedo-black-along-with-their-y6414y5o.png Figure 6. Spectral surface albedo (black) along with their uncertainties used in the RTM for the 11 September 2014 calculations. The spectral albedo uses the SSFR–BBR-derived albedo with SF= 76.4 % (red) except for the wavelength ranges marked (1) in green replaced by scaled modeled snow albedo (blue), (2) in red (gas absorption bands) linear interpolation, and (3) in yellow (1800 to 1900 nm) polynomial fit using SSFR–BBR-derived albedo from 1650 to 1800 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-spectral-upwelling-irradiance-at-860-nm-a-and-1640-3q2ttoml.png Figure 11. Spectral upwelling irradiance at 860 nm (a) and 1640 nm (b) from SSFR–BBR (red) and MODIS COPs RTM calculations using “13 September surface albedo” with SF= 76.4 % (black) on 11 September. In addition, calculations with climatological snow albedos are shown in (a) (Arctic wet season: 0.75; Arctic dry season: 0.85). The time periods where clouds were not detected are marked in green in (b). The clear-sky period that was used to determine the snow fraction is highlighted in blue in (b). The uncertainties of the spectral irradiances are indicated as vertical error bars, and the horizontal error bars correspond to the radiometer FOV as in Fig. 7. Both need to be considered to identify undetected clouds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-histograms-of-broadband-a-downwelling-and-b-2f4dnlou.png Figure 10. Histograms of broadband (a) downwelling and (b) upwelling irradiance from SSFR–BBR (red), BBR (blue), and MODIS COPs (black, Aqua MODIS at 22:10) RTM calculations on 13 September (below clouds). The mean value of the SSFR–BBR and BBR data is calculated and indicated by red and blue dashed lines. For the RTM calculations, the mean value is calculated for each of the two modes separated by the green solid line and indicated by the black dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-arise-flight-tracks-overlaid-on-modis-false-color-24y6mchu.png Figure 1. ARISE flight tracks overlaid on MODIS false color imagery (0.65 µm for red, 11 µm for blue, and 3.7–11 µm for green) from NASA Langley Research Center on 11 and 13 September 2014. The focus region of these two research flights was [72.5◦ N, 74.5◦ N, 136◦W, 130◦W] in the marginal ice zone. https://scispace.com/papers/shotgun-metagenomics-and-metabolomics-reveal-glyphosate-g4bbbrvuaq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shotgun-metagenomics-of-glyphosate-effects-on-the-3ggn94sl.png Figure 3. Shotgun metagenomics of glyphosate effects on the rat caecal microbiome. A. Top 25 species in the rat caecal microbiome using the marker gene-based tool IGGsearch B. Scatter plots displaying individual changes in relative abundance for the 6 species found to be affected by treatment with MON52276 and glyphosate (Kruskal–Wallis with BenjaminiHochberg adjusted p-values). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-over-representation-enrichment-of-kegg-pathways-2f8hzcvs.png Figure 4. Over-representation (enrichment) of KEGG pathways determined using the gene catalogue of the Sprague-Dawley gut microbiome. A. Abundance of genes was considered to be statistically significant when their adjusted p-values were below 0.05 using DESeq2. B. Visual inspection of dispersion in abundance of the most significant contigs shows that differences in abundance between individual animals within a group were almost always greater than the effect of test compounds. C. ShortBRED analysis of InterPro family IPR006264 reveals that the 50mg/kg bw/day dose of glyphosate and MON52276 caused an increased abundance of the gene counts for the 3-phosphoshikimate 1- carboxyvinyltransferase protein R7B7W1 from Eggerthella sp. CAG:298. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-subchronic-toxicity-of-glyphosate-and-roundup-mon-2cz035uz.png Figure 1. Subchronic toxicity of glyphosate and Roundup MON 52276 administered in drinking water to adult female Sprague-Dawley rats for 90 days. No differences in either water (A) and food (B) consumption, or in body weights (C) were detected, expect for water consumption of animals treated with Roundup at the highest dose, which was lower compared to controls. Histopathological evaluation of liver and kidneys of all treated and control animals (D) revealed increased incidences of lesions in the livers of animals treated with Roundup: (a) fatty change includes from mild to severe lesions or associated to necrosis; (b) one animal could bear more than one lesion. *Statistically significant (P≤0.05) using Fisher Exact test (one-tailed test); # p-values (P≤0.01) associated with the Cochran-Armitage test for trend. (E) Serum clinical biochemistry evaluation at the end of the treatment period only revealed minor changes (One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-in-vitro-bacterial-growth-of-four-different-300rmvgi.png Figure 5. In vitro bacterial growth of four different Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains exposed for 48h to glyphosate alone or to different commercial formulations (Roundup GT+ or MON 52276). Bacterial growth of the strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus LB2 (A), LB3 (B), LB5 (C) and LB7 (D) was more inhibited when exposed to GT+ than to MON 52276. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-glyphosate-inhibits-epsps-in-the-rat-gut-microbiome-3niff3zw.png Figure 2. Glyphosate inhibits EPSPS in the rat gut microbiome. Caecal metabolomics reveals a dose-dependent accumulation of shikimate pathway intermediates reflective of EPSPS inhibition in rats exposed to increasing doses of glyphosate and its commercial formulation MON 52776. A. The shikimate pathway is the main target of glyphosate by inhibiting the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS).B. Hierarchical clustering of the 50 metabolites with the lowest p-values (adjusted p-value < 0.05 in red). C. Dot plots of statistically significant changes in the abundance for 12 metabolites show a dose dependent response to MON 52276 or/and glyphosate. D. Pathway enrichment analysis shows over-representation of gamma-glutamyl amino acid metabolism. The x-axis indicates enrichment as a fold-change. https://scispace.com/papers/should-a-pension-reform-be-announced-a-reply-kh6vohw5c2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-consumption-when-young-and-old-reform-takes-place-36zo2jhl.png Figure 1: Consumption when young and old. Reform takes place at date 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-welfare-evaluations-lal9td4a.png Table 1 - Welfare evaluations (%) https://scispace.com/papers/should-cash-transfers-be-confined-to-the-poor-implications-3i6tde931b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-changes-in-the-gini-coefficient-children-2tn26xx7.png Figure 3: Changes in the Gini coefficient - Children https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-relative-targeting-children-only-3qat2pc0.png Figure 9: Relative targeting (children only) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-conditional-cash-transfers-in-latin-america-and-the-2vfkez5m.png Table 1: Conditional Cash Transfers in Latin America and the Caribbean https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-poverty-impact-targeting-different-age-groups-3dfxq42s.png Figure 10: Poverty impact targeting different age groups (children only) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-changes-in-extreme-poverty-rates-children-15b2e1ur.png Figure 1: Changes in Extreme Poverty Rates - Children https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-changes-in-poverty-gap-children-3c5paa0i.png Figure 2: Changes in Poverty Gap - Children https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-impact-on-urban-areas-children-only-15a6isdt.png Figure 11: Impact on urban areas (children only) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cost-effectiveness-of-targeting-2jy0lx5a.png Figure 7: Cost-effectiveness of targeting https://scispace.com/papers/should-eu-citizenship-be-duty-free-19id7e8t3b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3b3mmfnr.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-f7ddqm6q.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2k688d9r.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-adding-some-duty-to-eu-citizenship-2rvp9cin.png Table 5: Adding some duty to EU citizenship https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-adding-a-social-component-to-eu-citizenship-27d5ybi1.png Table 4: Adding a social component to EU citizenship https://scispace.com/papers/should-forecasters-use-real-time-data-to-evaluate-leading-16mvqsxkjw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-real-time-data-set-255hhuuh.png Figure 1: Real-time data set https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-forecast-errors-over-time-1no23vfh.png Figure 7: Forecast errors over time https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-forecast-vintage-comparisons-37e5gd8g.png Table 2: Forecast vintage comparisons https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-forecast-performance-of-different-indicators-36xumb70.png Figure 4: Forecast performance of different indicators https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-forecast-performance-at-different-states-of-39seuel9.png Figure 3: Forecast performance at different states of information https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-rmsfes-using-first-gdp-releases-for-estimation-37rkhel1.png Table 6: RMSFEs using first GDP releases for estimation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-forecast-errors-in-time-3jv8566o.png Figure 8: Forecast errors in time https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relative-rmsfes-benchmark-first-release-of-gdp-3upswl2q.png Table 4: Relative RMSFEs (Benchmark: First release of GDP growth) https://scispace.com/papers/should-government-support-business-angel-networks-the-tale-17ld41chmc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-direct-and-indirect-effects-of-bans-3w2coegx.png Table 1: Direct and indirect effects of BANs https://scispace.com/papers/should-i-stay-or-should-i-go-the-effects-of-precariousness-19292wb2go 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-evolution-of-womens-share-of-different-types-of-1vi5q15g.png Figure 2. The evolution of women’s share of different types of academic employment, Switzerland, 2000–2012. Source: OFS, 2016. [AQ: 14] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evolution-of-swiss-academic-staff-1980-2014-source-3gl0ya18.png Figure 1. Evolution of Swiss academic staff (1980–2014). Source: Federal Statistical Office (OFS), 2016.[AQ: 13] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-interview-sample-urih9f4c.png Table 2. Interview sample. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-declared-intention-to-pursue-an-academic-career-2p66zcjl.png Table 1. Declared intention to pursue an academic career amongst postdocs in Swiss universities, according to nationality and gender, in 2011 (%). https://scispace.com/papers/should-i-stay-or-should-i-go-the-role-of-actuarial-reduction-vtq2qarxyl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-expected-retirement-age-according-to-individuals-14x8r0r1.png Table 3: Expected retirement age according to individuals’ actuarial reduction rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-summery-statistics-of-the-three-answer-groups-qesvfc7m.png Table 7: Summery statistics of the three answer groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-distribution-of-the-stated-reduction-rate-3r3s2wgs.png Figure 6: Distribution of the stated reduction rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-earnings-points-k2iy972u.png Figure 1: Distribution of earnings points https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-probit-willingness-to-retire-early-1u512v13.png Table 5: Probit: Willingness to retire early https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-deduction-years-and-earnings-points-for-people-who-2bku3clw.png Figure 3: Deduction years and earnings points for people who retire before their statutory retirement age https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dependent-and-independent-variables-used-in-the-12hg89bo.png Table 1: Dependent and independent variables used in the reduction rate analyses https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-tobit-maximum-actuarial-reduction-rate-1fw525y5.png Table 4: Tobit: Maximum actuarial reduction rate https://scispace.com/papers/should-i-wait-or-should-i-go-travelling-versus-waiting-for-17uc0dt43r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-mixed-logit-model-choice-set-with-all-hospitals-2y4dsxg3.png Table 7. Mixed logit model: choice set with all hospitals within 50 km from patient residence. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-years-2008-2011-nf224cck.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics: years 2008-2011. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-mixed-logit-model-sensitivity-analyses-using-1xvwez2m.png Table 8. Mixed logit model: sensitivity analyses using different sample sets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-from-conditional-logit-estimation-of-1qqby4h6.png Table 2. Results from conditional logit estimation of hospital choice. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-mixed-logit-model-choice-set-with-the-10-nearest-ua5t2yj7.png Table 6. Mixed logit model: choice set with the 10 nearest hospitals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-elasticities-of-demand-1q8ado43.png Table 4. Average elasticities of demand. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-marginal-utility-wtt-and-wtw-main-effects-and-effect-1yyzr7ib.png Table 5. Marginal utility, WTT and WTW: main effects and effect by type of patient. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-emilia-romagna-region-map-of-hospital-locations-30sjhc6f.png Figure 1. Emilia-Romagna region, map of hospital locations. https://scispace.com/papers/should-insider-trading-be-prohibited-when-share-repurchases-a4hup34nfn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sequence-of-events-1i1pmsja.png Table 2: Sequence of events https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-partitions-of-the-risky-asset-excess-return-case-u-pns3ab3w.png Figure 1: Partitions of the risky asset excess return (case µ < µ′) hese graphs show how the three partitions of the excess return, q̄ − 1, respond to variations in liquidity shock variance, σ2ξ , signal precision, defined as σ 2 q/ q σ2q + σ 2 θ , and proportion of liquidity shareholders, m ∗/N∗, when the ownership structure is concentrated. They also highlight when insider trading regulation is welfare neutral (N) or diminishing (D). The higher is the variance of liquidity shocks, the higher is the range of the excess return whereby full investment is not reached if insider regulation is enforced (upper row). The same relation holds for the signal precision (lower row). The relation is reversed for the proportion of liquidity shareholders: this is so because total adverse selection losses are “paid” by a larger number of shareholders. In the first row of graphs we set σ2q = 0.5 and σ 2 θ = 0.1; in the second one σ 2 ξ = 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-classification-of-corporate-policies-wifen9g5.png Table 1: Classification of corporate policies https://scispace.com/papers/should-omega-3-fatty-acids-be-used-for-adjuvant-treatment-of-2ez3qk8jv5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistically-and-clinically-negative-intervention-2u7mjy8k.png Table 2. Statistically and clinically negative intervention studies with EPA and/or DHA or echium oil and outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-design-literature-search-and-article-14zv8zs2.png Figure 1. Study design, literature search and article selection https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistically-and-clinically-positive-intervention-2n52s6po.png Table 1. Statistically and clinically positive intervention studies with EPA and/or DHA and outcomes https://scispace.com/papers/should-students-be-allowed-to-miss-4dkg2is74f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-test-of-weak-exogeneity-for-the-attendance-variable-1f7qpiqe.png Table 5: Test of weak exogeneity for the attendance variable and its square https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-number-of-days-absent-per-student-by-school-uhr4rjuf.png Table 3: Average number of days absent per student by school owner. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimators-of-the-selected-parameters-and-robust-ai26i5bo.png Table 6: Estimators of the selected parameters and robust standard errors in parenthesis, for each of the two regimes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimators-of-the-selected-parameters-and-robust-3v4h981h.png Table 4: Estimators of the selected parameters and robust standard error in parenthesis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-and-standard-deviation-of-the-selected-1pbs21co.png Table 1: Average and standard deviation of the selected characteristics (year 2005). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-absences-on-performance-1yzxyyzf.png Figure 1: Effect of absences on performance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-percentage-of-students-absent-during-different-14h4nra0.png Table 2: The percentage of students absent during different months and days of the week in 2005. https://scispace.com/papers/should-tort-damages-be-multiplied-3weri8bc3j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-30pi84jg.png Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3mt67c3w.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2pb2gaib.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1vh05wky.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/papers/should-we-agree-to-disagree-the-multilevel-moderated-2qcpqzo3fq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-section-safety-climate-x-individual-safety-climate-3k1pgde8.png Figure 3. Section safety climate x Individual safety climate interaction plot https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-group-safety-climate-x-individual-safety-climate-16ctx09u.png Figure 2. Group safety climate x Individual safety climate interaction plot https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hypothesised-multilevel-model-2dor4552.png Figure 1. Hypothesised Multilevel Model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameter-estimates-for-post-hoc-multilevel-model-1ou1cofi.png Table 3. Parameter estimates for post-hoc multilevel model decomposed into fixed and random parts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-and-correlations-for-fgutopjw.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics and correlations for variables included in analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameter-estimates-for-multilevel-model-decomposed-2lqko7u8.png Table 2. Parameter estimates for multilevel model decomposed into fixed and random parts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-section-safety-climate-strength-x-individual-safety-ry9t47q5.png Figure 4.Section safety climate strength x Individual safety climate interaction plot https://scispace.com/papers/should-treatment-with-radiation-and-androgen-deprivation-557sd6ltxt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-commentary-on-the-meta-analysis-on-radical-1aky9gsq.png Table 1 Commentary on the meta-analysis on radical prostatectomy versus radiotherapy reported by Wallis et al. [6; table 3] https://scispace.com/papers/show-me-new-counterexamples-a-path-based-approach-4mzfno0d3s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-revised-design-of-the-running-example-3k58o187.png Fig. 11: Revised design of the running example https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-top-level-algorithm-2i709bn8.png Fig. 6: Top-level algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-specialized-function-for-the-rs-latch-operator-65q68eha.png Fig. 8: Specialized function for the RS-latch operator https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-specialized-function-for-the-switch-operator-3psibm9h.png Fig. 7: Specialized function for the Switch operator https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-flasher-manager-muv-with-it-property-2c5wtp59.png Fig. 13: Flasher Manager MUV with it property https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-simulink-model-2pnwo4d4.png Fig. 1: Example of Simulink model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-r-s-latch-detail-with-labeled-arcs-37z1k9ko.png Fig. 2: R*S latch detail with labeled arcs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-instrumentations-produced-by-analyzing-the-first-29bo77w1.png Fig. 10: Instrumentations produced by analyzing the first counterexample https://scispace.com/papers/show-me-the-money-the-monetary-policy-risk-premium-16r1dqxqvs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-3-robustness-to-other-anomalies-fama-macbeth-6sx7o6sp.png Table D.3: Robustness to Other Anomalies: Fama-MacBeth Regressions The table documents results from Fama-MacBeth regressions of the form rtj = β′xt−1,j + εtj . The characteristics xt−1,j include monetary policy exposure and anomaly signal characteristics from Novy-Marx and Velikov (2016). Monetary policy exposure is estimated using the coefficients on the interaction terms from Table 1. Panel A reports estimates from regressing returns on each of the 23 characteristics alone, while the regressions in Panel B also include MPE. The t-statistics are in brackets. The sample period is 01/1975 to 12/2015. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-full-sample-portfolio-performance-this-table-reports-2zltxa6g.png Table 3: Full-Sample Portfolio Performance This table reports average excess returns, alphas, and loadings on the Fama and French (2015) five-factor model. In each month, firms are sorted by their monetary policy exposure (MPE) into quintiles based on NYSE breakpoints. MPE is estimated using equation (3) from the text. For each of the five portfolios, and for a portfolio long stocks with low MPE and short stocks with high MPE, average value-weighted returns in excess of the risk-free rate and alphas with respect to the CAPM, Fama and French (1993) three-factor model, Fama and French (1993) three-factor model augmented with the Carhart (1997) momentum factor, and the Fama and French (2015) five-factor model are reported in Panel A. Panel B reports the loadings for the six portfolios on the Fama and French (2015) five-factor model. The t-statistics are in brackets. The sample period is 01/1975 to 12/2015. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fama-macbeth-regressions-the-table-documents-results-bet5k3mk.png Table 4: Fama-MacBeth Regressions The table documents results from Fama-MacBeth regressions of the form rtj = β′xt−1,j + εtj . The characteristics xt−1,j include monetary policy exposure (MPE), the log of market capitalization (log(ME)), the log of the book-to-market ratio (log(BM)), gross profitability (GP/A), investment (I/A), momentum (r12,1), and short-term reversals (r1,0). MPE is estimated using equation (3) from the text. GP/A follows Novy-Marx (2013). I/A follows Cooper, Gulen, and Schill (2008). Independendent variables are winsorized at the 1 percent level. The t-statistics are in brackets. The sample period is 01/1975 to 12/2015. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-conditional-double-sort-on-beta-and-mpe-this-table-3qfe2aeq.png Table 7: Conditional Double Sort on Beta and MPE This table reports average excess returns to 25 portfolios contructed by a conditional double sort on CAPM beta and monetary policy exposure (MPE). In each month, firms are sorted by their CAPM beta into quintiles. Then, within each quintile, stocks are further sorted into quintiles based on MPE. Average returns to the 25 resulting portfolios, as well as average excess returns on five MPE strategies are reported. The MPE strategies are constructed within each beta quintile, going long stocks with low MPE and short stocks with high MPE. Monetary policy exposure is estimated using equation (3) from the text. CAPM betas are estimated using rolling one year of daily returns. The t-statistics are in brackets. The sample period is 01/1975 to 12/2015. https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-robustness-to-strategy-construction-this-table-1dttdpve.png Table B.1: Robustness to Strategy Construction This table reports average excess returns and alphas with respect to factor models on portfolio sorts on MPE, similar to the ones in Table 3, Panel A. In each month, firms are sorted by their monetary policy exposure (MPE). MPE is estimated using equation (3) from the text. Average returns in excess of the risk-free rate and alphas with respect to the CAPM, the Fama and French (1993) three-factor model, the Fama and French (1993) three-factor model augmented with the Carhart (1997) momentum factor, and the Fama and French (2015) five-factor model are reported for each portfolio and for a portfolio long stocks with low MPE and short stocks with high MPE. Panel A reports results using value-weighted portfolios, constructed from a quintile sort with all stock breakpoints. Panel B reports results using equal-weighted portfolios, constructed from a quintile sort with NYSE breakpoints. Panel C reports results using valueweighted portfolios, constructed from a decile sort with NYSE breakpoints. The t-statistics are in brackets. The sample period is 01/1975 to 12/2015. https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-1-robustness-to-other-anomalies-double-sorts-the-moz94mj9.png Table D.1: Robustness to Other Anomalies: Double Sorts The table reports average excess returns for conditional monetary policy exposure (MPE) strategies, constructed from double sorts on each of the 23 anomaly signals from Novy-Marx and Velikov (2016) and MPE. In each month, all firms in the CRSP/COMPUSTAT merged database are sorted into quintiles based on one of the 23 signals. Then, within each quintile, stocks are sorted into quintiles based on their MPE. Firms are grouped into five MPE-based portfolios by combining the firms across the characteristic quintiles. The table reports value-weighted average excess returns for the five MPE portfolios and for a portfolio that is long stocks in the low MPE portfolio and short stocks in the high MPE portfolio. The t-statistics are in brackets. The sample period is 01/1975 to 12/2015. https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-robustness-to-underlying-characteristics-double-8rc217mt.png Table C.1: Robustness to Underlying Characteristics: Double Sorts This table reports average returns for double-sorted MPE portfolios. In each month, firms are sorted into quintiles based on one of the characteristics underlying the MPE index. Then, within each quintile, firms are further sorted into quintiles based on MPE. Firms are grouped into five MPE-based portfolios by combining the firms across the characteristic quintiles. The table reports value-weighted average excess returns for the five MPE portfolios and for a portfolio that is long stocks in the low MPE portfolio and short stocks in the high MPE portfolio. MPE is estimated using equation (3) from the text. The t-statistics are reported in brackets. The sample period is 01/1975 to 12/2015. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-out-of-sample-portfolio-performance-this-table-2r8aip8s.png Table 5: Out-of-Sample Portfolio Performance This table reports average excess returns, alphas, and loadings on the Fama and French (2015) five-factor model. In each month, firms are sorted by their monetary policy exposure (MPE) into quintiles based on NYSE breakpoints. MPE is estimated similar to equation (3) from the text, but using coefficients from regressions using only historically available information for meetings starting in 02/1994 and ending before the end of the portfolio formation month. The first MPE estimation uses 20 scheduled FOMC meetings between 02/1994 and 07/1996. For months beyond 07/2008, all 115 scheduled FOMC meetings between 02/1994 and 06/2008 are used. For each of the five portfolios, and for a portfolio long stocks with low MPE and short stocks with high MPE, average value-weighted returns in excess of the risk-free rate and alphas with respect to the CAPM, Fama and French (1993) three-factor model, Fama and French (1993) three-factor model augmented with the Carhart (1997) momentum factor, and the Fama and French (2015) five-factor model are reported in Panel A. Panel B reports the loadings for the six portfolios on the Fama and French (2015) five-factor model. The t-statistics are in brackets. The sample period is 08/1996 to 12/2015. https://scispace.com/papers/shredding-and-spraying-honey-mesquite-31ly811g8o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-soil-temperature-c-at-four-depths-15-30-45-and-60-cm-3j94nyfl.png Fig. 2. Soil temperature (“C) at four depths (15, 30, 45, and 60 cm) and soil water content (%) at four depths (0 to 15,15 to 30.30 to 45,45 to 40 cm) on dates (January through December, 1975) of herbicidal application to stumps of shredded honey mesquite. Each value represents the average of three replications. https://scispace.com/papers/showcasing-chemical-engineering-principles-through-the-39geunfqj4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-scenarios-designed-for-the-7-groups-of-students-3t751rwc.png Table 1. Scenarios designed for the 7 groups of students https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-energy-and-mass-balance-results-for-the-seven-groups-1jqkguai.png Table 2 Energy and mass balance results for the seven groups that completed the laboratory experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-conversion-of-the-triglyceride-to-biodiesel-12l1kn36.png Figure 1. Average conversion of the triglyceride to biodiesel, calculated by using the refractive index. The standard 205 deviation of all the groups results (n = 7) is presented as error bars. The RI for the pure Robusta and Arabica biodiesel were calculated prior to the laboratory, this was taken as the measurement for 100% conversion. https://scispace.com/papers/shrimp-farming-where-does-the-carbon-go-34qtveuo69 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characterization-of-shrimp-farming-management-1fq6lypb.png Table 1 Characterization of shrimp farming management https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-shrimp-ponds-traditional-and-organic-2ylmyzuv.png Fig. 1 Map of the shrimp ponds (traditional and organic) located in the eastern region of Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-d13c-values-of-shrimp-tissue-feed-micro-flora-and-aom4yl2f.png Fig. 2 The δ13C values of shrimp tissue, feed, micro-flora and fauna (plankton (l, ¡), polychaetes (n, o). Open and closed symbols are for the intensive and non-intensive farm, respectively. Stippled line indicates range δ13C values of possible diet for the intensively farmed shrimp. The figure shows that the δ13C values of intensively farmed shrimp do not match those of the artificial feed and are similar to those of shrimp from the organic farm https://scispace.com/papers/shy-children-s-understanding-of-irony-better-comprehension-4zp7flejhu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bivariate-correlations-between-measures-1fxgsbww.png Table 2. Bivariate correlations between measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-childrens-responses-on-the-verbal-irony-task-and-3rr9fi71.png Table 1. Children’s responses on the verbal irony task and socio-emotional questionnaires https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-regression-analyses-2eqdmdk8.png Table 3. Summary of regression analyses https://scispace.com/papers/shunting-of-passenger-train-units-in-a-railway-station-1c2ror7wf3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-situation-at-the-track-on-tuesday-at-6-oclock-39c04adn.png Figure 3: The situation at the track, on Tuesday at 6 o’clock. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-an-example-of-a-network-for-a-free-shunt-track-with-3nqa46ik.png Figure 5: An example of a network for a free shunt track with three blocks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-an-example-of-a-shunt-plan-with-5-train-units-pwevy1ja.png Table 1: An example of a shunt plan with 5 train units. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-network-of-train-3629-of-table-1-3qqxyaz8.png Figure 4: The network of train 3629 of Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-of-an-icm-train-unit-with-3-carriages-21jv976l.png Figure 1: An example of an ICM train unit with 3 carriages (ICM 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-computational-results-for-saturday-at-zwolle-1ky1q2bp.png Table 4: Computational results for Saturday at Zwolle. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-labelling-of-the-scenarios-2oq5f8zo.png Table 2: Labelling of the scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-computational-results-for-tuesday-at-zwolle-2r30yly9.png Table 3: Computational results for Tuesday at Zwolle. https://scispace.com/papers/shrimp-shell-derived-carbon-nanodots-as-precursors-to-4251daqjjd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-crossover-effect-measurements-of-fe-n-pgc-800-and-rci5961x.png Fig. 5 (a) Crossover effect measurements of Fe-N-PGC-800 and commercial Pt/C catalysts. (b) Durability tests of Fe-N-PGC-800 and commercial Pt/C catalysts at an applied potential of -0.35 V and a rotation rate of 1600 rpm. (c) Linear sweep voltammogram (LSV) curves of Fe-N-PGC-800 and commercial Pt/C catalysts in O2saturated 0.1 M HClO4 solution at a scan rate of 10 mV s-1 and a rotation rate of 1600 rpm. (d) Linear sweep voltammogram (LSV) curves of Fe-N-PGC-800 obtained at different rotating rates in O2saturated 0.1 M HClO4 solution at a scan rate of 10 mV s-1. (e) K-L plots of Fe-N-PGC-800 derived from Fig. 5d at different potentials, (f) Electron transfer number (n) of Fe-N-PGC-800 derived from Fig. 5e at different potentials. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-cyclic-voltammetry-cv-curves-of-fe-n-pgc-800-and-1ipnxg5b.png Fig. 4 (a) Cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves of Fe-N-PGC-800 and commercial Pt/C catalysts in N2- or O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution; the scan rate of 50 mV s-1. (b) Linear sweep voltammogram (LSV) curves of N-CNs-800, N-CNs/P-800, Fe-P-800, Fe-N-PGC-800 and commercial Pt/C catalysts in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution at a scan rate of 10 mV s-1 and a rotation speed of 1600 rpm. (c) Linear sweep voltammogram (LSV) curves of Fe-N-PGC-800 obtained at different rotating rates in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution at a scan rate of 10 mV s-1. (d) Koutecky-Levich (K-L) plots of Fe-N-PGC-800 derived from Fig. 4c at different potentials. (e) Electron transfer number (n) of Fe-N-PGC-800 derived from Fig. 4d at different potentials. (f) Tafel plots of Fe-N-PGC-800 and commercial Pt/C catalysts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-open-circuit-voltage-measurements-of-zinc-air-1xpbseij.png Fig. 6 (a) Open circuit voltage measurements of zinc-air batteries with Fe-N-PGC-800 and Pt/C as the cathode catalysts. (b) Typical galvanostatic discharge curves of zinc-air batteries with Fe-N-PGC-800 and Pt/C as cathode catalysts at current densities of 10 mA cm-2. (c) A polarization curve (V~i) and corresponding power density plot of the battery using Fe-N-PGC-800 as the cathode catalyst compared with the battery using commercial Pt/C catalyst (d) Long-term galvanostatic discharge curves of zinc-air batteries until complete consumption of Zn anode. The specific capacity was normalized to the mass of consumed zinc. https://scispace.com/papers/si-doped-inas-gaas-quantum-dot-solar-cell-with-alas-cap-1f6vey5y9q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-normalized-pl-spectra-of-si-doped-0-6-12-18-e-dot-nk2csy5p.png Fig. 3. (a) Normalized PL spectra of Si-doped (0, 6, 12, 18 e/dot) QDSCs with AlAs CL measured at 10 K (Pex = 37 mW ). (b) Normalized power-dependent PL spectra for 18 e/dot QDSC at 10 K. (c) Integrated PL intensity versus Si doping density at 10 K (Iex = 386 W/cm2 , λex = 532 nm) and 300 K (Iex = 459 W/cm2 , λex = 635 nm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-the-si-doped-0-6-12-18-e-dot-inas-gaas-j9f7t9qp.png Fig. 1. Structure of the Si-doped (0, 6, 12, 18 e/dot) InAs/GaAs QDSCs with AlAs CLs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-afm-images-of-inas-qds-grown-on-gaas-in-2-d-top-and-3-3gm2ydvx.png Fig. 2. AFM images of InAs QDs grown on GaAs in 2-D (top) and 3-D (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-carrier-lifetime-versus-wavelength-obtained-from-the-hrwhieo6.png Fig. 4. Carrier lifetime versus wavelength obtained from the transient PL spectra of the Si-doped QDSCs with AlAs CLs at 10 K (λex = 750 nm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-linear-scale-eqe-spectra-of-si-doped-0-6-12-18-e-dot-1x8p5fnq.png Fig. 5. Linear-scale EQE spectra of Si-doped (0, 6, 12, 18 e/dot) QDSCs with AlAs CLs. Inset shows semilog scale of subbandgap EQE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-current-density-open-circuit-voltage-fill-factor-and-3guu1amv.png TABLE I CURRENT DENSITY, OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE, FILL FACTOR, AND EFFICIENCY MEASURED FROM SI-DOPED QDSCS WITH ALAS CLS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-current-density-versus-voltage-behavior-of-si-doped-1hnzkhev.png Fig. 6. Current density versus voltage behavior of Si-doped QDSCs with AlAs CLs under 1-sun (AM 1.5G) illumination. https://scispace.com/papers/siberian-lena-river-hydrologic-regime-and-recent-change-ac0aeahquq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relationship-between-stream-flow-and-river-ice-21mpomw4.png Figure 6. Relationship between stream flow and river ice thickness at the Kusur station during November to April, 1951–1992. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-lena-basin-mean-monthly-temperatures-and-their-38889byr.png Figure 7. Lena basin mean monthly temperatures and their trends, 1935–1998. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-three-major-rivers-lena-yenisei-and-ob-in-5l362bok.png Figure 1. The three major rivers (Lena, Yenisei and Ob) in Siberia. Also shown are permafrost distribution and locations of gauging stations at the basin outlets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-relation-between-monthly-discharge-q-and-basin-mean-25ckvpiu.png Figure 8. Relation between monthly discharge (Q) and basin mean temperature (T) during May (5) to September (9). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-lena-basin-mean-monthly-precipitation-and-its-trend-12d62vob.png Figure 9. Lena basin mean monthly precipitation and its trend, 1935–1998. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-monthly-discharge-during-1935-1999-at-kusur-station-1u0uugx1.png Figure 2. Monthly discharge during 1935–1999 at Kusur station of the Lena River. Note each bar in the graph representing an individual monthly value for each year during 1935–1999. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-relation-between-monthly-discharge-q-and-basin-256rgl6p.png Figure 10. Relation between monthly discharge (Q) and basin mean precipitation (P) during May (5) to September (9). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-long-term-mean-daily-stream-flow-3420zbu1.png Figure 4. Comparison of long-term mean daily stream flow regimes at Kusur station, 1955–1969 versus 1970–1994. https://scispace.com/papers/sic-fet-methanol-sensors-for-process-control-and-leakage-1o06yu6k13 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-influence-of-humidity-for-pt-and-ir-sensors-at-r5vo1eun.png Figure 11 Influence of humidity for Pt and Ir sensors at 300oC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optimized-structures-for-methanol-decomposition-on-yx5zsv66.png Figure 3 Optimized structures for methanol decomposition on Pt clusters (a) without oxygen (b) with oxygen https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-potential-energy-profiles-of-methanol-reactions-on-1uxi9psc.png Figure 12 Potential energy profiles of methanol reactions on the sensor surface without oxygen. The reacting species are given in the Fig. 3. Quantum-chemical B3LYP/LanL2MB calculations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-response-and-recovery-time-profile-of-400-ppm-o7rp0y2u.png Figure 7 Response and Recovery Time profile of 400 ppm methanol in N2 at different operating temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-response-vs-methanol-concentration-in-n2-at-the-ymiorola.png Figure 6 Response vs. methanol concentration in N2 at the optimum operating temperature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-influence-of-oxygen-at-the-low-concentration-0-avfa8evj.png Figure 8 Influence of oxygen at the low concentration (0-200ppm) of methanol at 200oC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-methanol-cycle-hydsbrvk.png Figure 1 Methanol Cycle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-potential-energy-profiles-of-methanol-reactions-on-p89ipjoq.png Figure 13 Potential energy profiles of methanol reactions on the sensor surface with the presence of oxygen https://scispace.com/papers/sic-and-carbon-nanotube-distinctive-effects-on-the-3bof8bxcvq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bright-field-images-of-the-a-sic-and-b-swcnt-samples-2vrdhtaz.png FIG. 4. Bright-field images of the a SiC and b swCNT samples showing the characteristic grain sizes and precipitates of doped MgB2. The insets show selected area diffraction patterns indicative of polycrystalline structure in both samples, where diffraction rings from the amorphous or secondary phases appear only in the inset a . https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-reduced-temperature-t-t-tc0-residual-resistivity-36ju8sia.png TABLE II. Reduced temperature t=T /Tc0, residual resistivity ratio RRR = 295 K / 40 K , and parameters D and D obtained by fitting Hc2 T curves with Eq. 1 of Ref. 11 for complete explanation see Refs. 7 and 8 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-jc-field-dependence-obtained-from-magnetization-2ts485is.png FIG. 3. a Jc field dependence obtained from magnetization loops for all samples described in Table I at 5 K solid symbols and 20 K open symbols . b Fp as a function of the applied field of all four samples at 20 K. The inset shows the same normalized Fp as a function of the reduced field where the criterion for H* is Jc=100 A /cm2. The full line is the theoretical field dependence of Fp /Fp max proposed for the grain boundary flux pinning. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-upper-critical-field-hc2-vs-t-t-tc0-from-transport-1otp5gd9.png FIG. 2. Upper critical field Hc2 vs t=T /Tc0 from transport experiments symbols , where Tc0=39 K Ref. 29 and Hc2 was defined at the onset of the R H curves for all samples. Dashed lines correspond to fits using Eq. 1 in Ref. 11. The inset shows the dependence of Hc2 extrapolated to 0 K, normalized 1 /D and 1 /D with x dotted lines are guides to the eyes . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-normalized-zero-field-cooling-magnetization-as-a-679izdls.png FIG. 1. Normalized zero field cooling magnetization as a function of temperature for all samples of Table I. The inset shows Tc onset vs the actual C content x as determined by a-axis lattice parameter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-nominal-composition-synthesis-temperature-ts-lattice-jxuwzpqa.png TABLE I. Nominal composition, synthesis temperature Ts , lattice parameters, actual C content x calculated from a-axis values, and Tc as determined from the onset of the superconducting transition. https://scispace.com/papers/sick-plants-in-grassland-communities-a-growth-defense-trade-3zx99k1eb3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sem-drivers-and-consequences-of-fungal-infection-2irwo4gu.png Figure 3 SEM: drivers and consequences of fungal infection. Dashed lines: negative effects. Solid lines: positive effects. Double headed arrows: correlations. Single headed arrows: paths. Black: significant constrained paths, red: significant unconstrained paths between fungicide (dark red) and no fungicide (light red). Light grey: not significant paths. Thickness: strength of the path/correlation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-selected-results-from-the-linear-mixed-effects-20qvagvq.png Figure 2 Selected results from the linear mixed effects models: model predictions and 95% confidence interval of a) impact of fungicide treatment on fungal infection and the contribution of single fungal groups to overall infection The numbers in the bars indicate the percentage contribution of each fungal group to the total infection. Main fungicide effects of the linear mixed effects models per fungal group: Fungicide reduced total infection from 61.50 ± 1.38 % to 45.92 ± 1.39 % (p < 0.001), leaf spots from 59.1 2 ± 1.58 % to 46.90 ± 1.57 % (p < 0.001), rusts from 16.43 ± 0.81 to 2.67 ± 0.81 % (p < 0.001) and powdery mildews from 4.85 ± 0.53 % to 2.32 ± 0.83 % (p < 0.001), while downy mildews were unaffected by fungicide (p = 0.623) and were generally very low (1.11 ± 0.39 %). b) Interactive effect of realised SLA and fungicide on biomass production. Plots dominated by fast-growing species produced less biomass than plots dominated by slow-growing species. Fungicide increased biomass production, but only in plots dominated by fastgrowing species. Under fungicide treatment there was even an increase of biomass with increasing realised SLA. Estimates and CI were derived from the effects package (Fox 2003). The whole model results can be found in Table S4 and Table S5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-partial-plots-of-the-sem-impact-of-selected-183nek3x.png Figure 4 Partial plots of the SEM: impact of selected variables on fungal infection (a-h), biomass production (i) and SLA shift (j) after removing all effects of all the other variables which are not plotted. Effects on fungal infection of a) sown SLA (0.331, p<0.001), b) SLA shift (0.186, p<0.001), c) diversity (-0.030, p=0.551), d) nitrogen (-0.079, p=0.056), e) microclimatic humidity (-0.082, p=0.125), f) microclimatic temperature (0.121, p=0.012), g) plant cover (-0.061, p=0.227) and h) fungicide ±95% CI (-0.689, p<0.001) Interactive effects on biomass of i) fungicide, fungal infection and diversity and j) Interactive effects on SLA shift of nitrogen and fungicide estimate±95 & CI https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-over-the-main-hypotheses-which-we-tested-1tbih06z.png Figure 1 Overview over the main hypotheses which we tested. Growth-defense trade-off hypothesis: Plant species adapted to resource-rich environments and able to compete well under nutrient rich conditions are often less defended against natural enemies (Blumenthal et al. 2009; Liu et al. 2017). The growth strategy is definded by the leaf economics spectrum (Wright et al. 2004), which has been linked to certain disease resistance mechanisms (Cronin et al. 2014; Cronin et al. 2010; Huot et al. 2014). Nitrogen disease hypothesis: Higher nutrient content of the plant material following nitrogen fertilization should promote disease. This is known for agricultural systems (Dordas 2008), but results from natural ecosystems vary (Mitchell et al. 2003; Veresoglou et al. 2013). Host dilution hypothesis: Many pathogens are dependent on the availability and density of host plants. At high plant diversity the abundance of each host plant is in average lower than in species poor communities (Civitello et al. 2015), which is suggested to be the underlying mechanism of observed negative diversity-disease relationships (Lau et al. 2008; Knops et al. 1999; Mitchell 2003; Mitchell et al. 2003). https://scispace.com/papers/side-chain-backbone-projections-in-aromatic-and-asx-residues-w2w7um2ouj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-traces-along-the-13cb-15n-mq-dimension-obtained-from-2w5rgvhs.png Fig. 4 Traces along the [13Cb,15N] MQ dimension obtained from the 3D ct-HN(CA)CB experiment (left panel) and the ct-HN(COCA)CB experiment (right panel). ZQ traces are shown on top and DQ traces at the bottom. cd with c, d = a, b are the spin states with respect to Cc (c) and HN (d), respectively. sMQ was set to 53 ms for the ct-HN(CA)CB and 59 ms for the ct-HN(COCA)CB. The peaks correspond to the side chain of Tyr45 of GB3. The CCR rates relate Cb–Cc of Tyr45 to HN–N of Tyr45 and Asp46, respectively. The horizontal scale has an arbitrary offset https://scispace.com/papers/side-group-addition-to-the-polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbon-1q2amuv855 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ll2ms-spectrum-of-new-molecules-resulting-from-the-5-zfkt98x4.png Fig. 1.—lL2MS spectrum of new molecules resulting from the 5 hr UV photolysis of coronene (C24H12, 300 amu) in CO2 ice (CO2=PAH > 300) at 15 K. The groups of peaks at 316 (A), 332 (B), 348 (D), and 364 (E) amu correspond to the addition of one, two, three, and four oxygen atoms, respectively, to the coronene molecule (eq. [1]). The area of peak A is approximately 1% that of unreacted coronene. The peak slightly above 350 amu (inset) indicates the addition of two H atoms (eq. [2]) to the triply oxidized coronene. The small peak at approximately 344 amu (C) is consistent with the addition of CO2 to the coronene molecule resulting in a coronene carboxylic acid (see eq. [3]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ll2ms-spectra-of-organic-material-from-the-uv-2uj0prbh.png Fig. 2.—lL2MS spectra of organic material from the UV photolyses of coronene (C24H12, 300 amu) in ices with H2O and either NH3, CH4, CH3OH, or HCN at 15 K. The large peaks at 300–301 amu correspond to unreacted coronene (and its 13C isomer). The peaks from 302 to 306 correspond to Hn-coronenes and their fragments. The envelopes of peaks centered near 316 correspond to the addition of a side group containing only one oxygen (eq. [1]), nitrogen (eq. [4]), or carbon (eq. [5]) to the coronene molecule. The ensembles of peaks centered near 332 indicate coronenes bearing two such side groups and, in the case of CH3OH, coronene methyl ether (eq. [6]). In the bottom trace the peaks centered around 327 indicate CN addition (eq. [7]). See text for details. https://scispace.com/papers/side-payments-and-the-costs-of-conflict-3z93gcw400 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-offers-accepted-offers-and-rejected-offers-15mue63e.png Table 6: Offers, Accepted Offers and Rejected Offers https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-offers-and-expenditures-in-the-non-binding-3hvqgmq8.png Table 4: Average Offers and Expenditures in the Non-Binding Treatment https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-number-of-offers-rejections-and-conflicts-23vde3di.png Table 5: Number of Offers, Rejections and Conflicts https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-design-and-theoretical-predictions-2378yd3s.png Table 1: Experimental Design and Theoretical Predictions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-individual-per-period-surplus-and-2b2yxu6c.png Table 2: Average Individual Per Period Surplus and Expenditure by Treatment https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-gains-from-side-payments-by-treatment-19kle6mq.png Table 3: Average Gains from Side-Payments by Treatment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-histogram-of-conflict-expenditures-by-treatment-2el1mbj3.png Figure 1: Histogram of Conflict Expenditures by Treatment with Gaussian Kernel-Density Smoothing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-bargaining-stage-offers-by-2z67oxt2.png Figure 2: Distribution of Bargaining Stage Offers by Treatment https://scispace.com/papers/siera-improving-data-visualization-for-learning-assessment-amx6lut8tq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-reached-level-according-to-2tnow8ie.png Table 1. Distribution of reached level according to punctuation and colour assigned https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sheet-to-fill-answers-fig-3-report-using-semaphore-3uesqic6.png Fig. 2. Sheet to fill answers Fig. 3. Report using Semaphore Indicators https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-business-process-management-for-assessment-application-3r8y41qj.png Fig. 1. Business Process Management for assessment application https://scispace.com/papers/sightseeing-value-estimation-by-analyzing-geosocial-images-51j65okc1z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-monthly-visual-scale-scores-1adgzq77.png Fig. 13. Monthly visual-scale scores. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-representative-photos-for-humble-administrator-garden-2uj48pod.png Fig. 16. Representative photos for Humble Administrator Garden. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-representative-photos-for-kyoto-station-v64v83wg.png Fig. 14. Representative photos for Kyoto Station. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-representative-photos-for-jinji-lake-36s4r7ga.png Fig. 15. Representative photos for Jinji Lake. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-dimensions-to-describe-a-poi-proposed-in-7-2ctqzkbh.png Fig. 1. Two dimensions to describe a POI proposed in [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-relationships-among-cultural-elements-1bpv9af7.png TABLE I RELATIONSHIPS AMONG CULTURAL ELEMENTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-harmony-distance-calculated-against-each-template-1ffcb7kr.png Fig. 6. The harmony distance calculated against each template for a given image. The top-left is the most matched template while the down-right is the worst one. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-monthly-coherence-scores-based-on-repeated-patterns-3v0usr02.png Fig. 11. Monthly coherence scores based on repeated patterns. https://scispace.com/papers/sight-to-touch-3d-diffeomorphic-deformation-recovery-with-5itlmk7znl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-side-shows-common-surgical-tasks-while-the-right-vpcn3730.png Fig. 1. Left side shows common surgical tasks while the right side illustrates how tissue deformation is directly proportional to the force applied over time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overall-view-of-our-approach-for-perceiving-3m5mdbc9.png Fig. 2. Overall view of our approach for perceiving interaction forces in robotic surgical systems. We first compute a visual based approach that allows recovering the deformation structure over time. Then, deformation mapping is used to display the level of the applied force. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-illustration-of-tissue-deformations-that-result-from-2twybpva.png Fig. 5. Illustration of tissue deformations that result from applying force at different time instants, together with the 3D deformable structure recovered using our proposed visual approach. Our proposal was tested under different variation of illumination, occlusions and complex deformation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-from-top-to-bottom-optimization-plots-resulted-from-9khy6xyo.png Fig. 6. (From top to bottom) Optimization plots resulted from our energy functional for different cases in which retrieving the 3D shape is challenging, including complex deformations and change of illumination. The Jacobian Determinant results of our vision based approach with and without applying our topology preservation term. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-left-side-plots-compare-the-computed-displacement-at-2vf2mqva.png Fig. 8. Left side plots compare the computed displacement (at contact point) in X,Y,Z directions against the reference measurements given by the geometry of motion of the robot. Right side plots illustrate the RMSE results in all directions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-left-side-shows-sample-frames-from-the-four-datasets-19mbb83t.png Fig. 7. Left side shows sample frames from the four datasets with the force feedback visual cue displayed. Right side shows the labeling results of some example cases in which the particular color code is assigned depending on the configuration. https://scispace.com/papers/sigma-coordinate-pressure-gradient-errors-and-the-seamount-2t7476vqj3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-stencil-for-a-c-grid-a-the-solid-box-denotes-the-1bpdzg06.png FIG. 4. The stencil for a C grid. (a) The solid box denotes the principal grid cell. (b) The dashed box denotes the offset cell used to finite difference vorticity. The variables H and b are collocated with p. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sesk-the-vertical-integral-of-eq-18-the-central-region-17hx4qht.png FIG. 5. SESK, the vertical integral of Eq. (18). The central region of the computational domain is shown. Here S 5 4, rmax 5 0.211, and t 5 0. Solid lines are positive; dashed lines are negative. The straight lines are zero contours. Here CI 5 5 3 10213 m2 s22. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-maximum-velocities-cm-s21-after-10-days-of-2wjc490b.png TABLE 3. Maximum velocities (cm s21) after 10 days of integration of the POM model. The viscosity is AM 5 200 m2 s21 and the diffusivity is nil. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-seamount-geometry-the-grid-is-stretched-so-that-2acwwco9.png FIG. 1. The seamount geometry. The grid is stretched so that the resoluton is highest at the center (after Beckman and Haidvogel 1993). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-full-nonlinear-model-with-a-throughflow-of-0-20-m-158jadz7.png FIG. 6. The full nonlinear model with a throughflow of 0.20 m s21 applied uniformly at x 5 0. The diffusivity is nil. Shown are the differences between the densities at day 2 and the initial densities at a depth of 2000 m. Contour interval 5 20 3 1024 kg m23. The arrows represent particle trajectories for 2-day flights based on instantaneous Eulerian velocities. The model ran successfully for 30 days with no sign of numerical instability. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-maximum-velocity-error-as-a-function-of-the-1xrcmrme.png FIG. 7. The maximum velocity error as a function of the horizontal viscosity AM (m2 s21) and the ratio AH/AM. Here S 5 4 and t 5 10 days. Computations were made at the circled points. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-maximum-velocity-cm-s21-after-10-days-of-integration-28ru73k3.png TABLE 1. Maximum velocity (cm s21) after 10 days of integration of the unforced exponential stratification. The dash denotes the case where the computation could not be continued to day 10. Decimated table from Beckman and Haidvogel (1993). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-from-beckman-and-haidvogel-1993-their-fig-6a-tenday-eju9arrz.png FIG. 2. From Beckman and Haidvogel (1993; their Fig. 6a). Tenday time series of the maximum velocity (m s21) from the Burger number survey for exponential stratification. https://scispace.com/papers/sigma-coupling-to-photons-hidden-scalar-in-gammagamma-pi0pi0-o9sp2l8tkq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-complex-s-plane-structure-of-the-amplitudes-f-i-s-1t5dzgx4.png FIG. 2. The complex s-plane structure of the ! amplitudes, F I s . labels the start of the left-hand cut controlled by the pion exchange Born term, while V denotes where the vector exchanges ;! start to contribute to the discontinuity. The right-hand cut is elastic effectively up to KK threshold. The point s sR is the position of the pole [5]. The plot is drawn to scale so 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 are the c.m. energy in GeV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representative-i-0-2-s-wave-phases-and-moduli-of-the-ulk0ev69.png FIG. 1. Representative I 0, 2 ! S-wave phases and moduli of the Omnès functions, I s , related by Eq. (1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-s-wave-amplitudes-at-400-mev-with-definite-isospin-and-185bmi81.png FIG. 4. ! S-wave amplitudes at 400 MeV with definite isospin and with definite charges as indicated by the superscripts. B is the Born amplitude S-wave for comparison. OC and ON define the directions of the charged and neutral pion amplitudes as given by the vector sums described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-of-the-dispersive-calculation-for-the-low-b5bylp5n.png FIG. 3. Results of the dispersive calculation for the low energy ! 0 0 cross section for different input phases I above KK threshold, each with 3 different positions of the Adler zero at s 1=2, 1, 2m2 , compared with the Crystal Ball data [21] scaled to the whole angular range. https://scispace.com/papers/signal-and-noise-characteristics-of-patterned-media-4qar2ckl8e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-replay-spectrum-for-increasing-jitter-noise-variance-3vy1ahet.png Fig. 3. Replay spectrum for increasing jitter noise variance (no bit-size variations). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-image-of-a-patterned-magnetic-sample-and-measured-3s30jbim.png Fig. 2. SEM image of a patterned magnetic sample and measured distribution of bit diameters. Average bit diameter (length)= 190 nm with standard deviation 17 nm and bit spacing (center-to-center of 590 nm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-coordinate-system-and-magnetic-bit-size-b-1bn28ue5.png Fig. 1. (a) Coordinate system and magnetic bit size. (b) Magnetization vector of individual magnetic bits. https://scispace.com/papers/signal-processing-techniques-for-synchronization-of-wireless-3peuzlen8c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-way-message-exchange-model-with-clock-offset-ath-21p2hmow.png Fig. 1. Two-way message exchange model with clock offset ( Aθ : clock offset, d : propagation delay, ,i iX Y : random delays, 2, 1, 4, 3,,i i i i i iU T T V T T= − = − ) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mses-of-clock-offset-estimators-for-asymmetric-3dt0ecrt.png Fig. 2. MSEs of clock offset estimators for asymmetric Gaussian ( 1 2 1, 4σ σ= = ) and exponential random delays ( 1 2 1, 5λ λ= = ) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-clock-synchronization-models-in-receiver-receiver-and-3kzzoqrr.png Fig. 4. Clock synchronization models in receiver-receiver and sender-receiver & receiver-only synchronizations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mses-of-clock-offset-estimators-for-gamma-1-1-2-1a-b-visddnz8.png Fig. 3. MSEs of clock offset estimators for Gamma ( 1 1 2, 1α β= = ) and Weibull random delays ( 1 1 2 2 2, 2; 6, 2α β α β= = = = ) https://scispace.com/papers/signal-processing-techniques-for-transmission-impairments-2ebpjp6opt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simulation-results-12shxcxe.png Figure 1: Simulation results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-radio-over-fiber-uplink-system-9q3aogrw.png Figure 3: Radio-over-Fiber uplink system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-equivalent-baseband-ofdm-wireless-communications-1c16d2sg.png Figure 2: Equivalent baseband OFDM wireless communications model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ber-of-a-16-subcarrier-ofdm-signal-vs-modulation-293go3lb.png Figure 4: BER of a 16 subcarrier OFDM signal vs modulation index for N0 = 2.45x10 -15 W/Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ber-of-a-48-subcarrier-ofdm-signal-vs-modulation-2fyjvbk1.png Figure 5: BER of a 48 subcarrier OFDM signal vs modulation index for N0 = 2.45x10 -15 W/Hz. https://scispace.com/papers/signal-reconstruction-from-sine-wave-crossings-18p5w79z6k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-transformation-of-the-complex-38ggmpbo.png Fig. 1. Illustration of the transformation of the complex zeros of a bandlimited signal in real zeros. https://scispace.com/papers/signal-reconstruction-of-compressed-sensing-based-on-kyin5qyv5i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-per-versus-number-of-measurements-for-admm-1hezfozi.png Fig. 2: Average PER versus number of measurements for ADMM algorithm (Experiment 2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-cpu-time-versus-signal-length-for-admm-palm-71ulqbcz.png Fig. 4: Average CPU time versus signal length for ADMM, PALM, DALM and FISTA algorithms(Experiment 4) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-average-per-versus-sparsity-level-for-admm-algorithm-1kpdwr8r.png Fig. 1: Average PER versus sparsity level for ADMM algorithm (Experiment 1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reconstruction-success-probability-of-three-20ujk2a2.png Table 1: Reconstruction success probability of three algorithms under different sparsity levels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-per-versus-sparsity-for-admm-palm-dalm-fista-iu81ex65.png Fig. 3: Average PER versus sparsity for ADMM, PALM, DALM, FISTA and OMP algorithms (Experiment 3) https://scispace.com/papers/signal-transduction-and-actin-in-the-regulation-of-g1-phase-ababdc5nbe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overview-of-the-pi-3-kinase-signal-transduction-2sxcvrqc.png FIGURE 3. Overview of the PI 3-kinase signal transduction pathway. Activation of growth factor receptors or integrins by binding to their respective ligands results in the activation of the PI 3-kinase. This kinase phosphorylates PI on the 3 position in the plasma membrane, resulting in the generation of docking sites for PH-containing proteins, such as Akt. Upon binding the Akt kinase is activated and subsequently phosphorylates cytoplasmic and nuclear substrates. PDK are phosphoinositide-dependent kinases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-overview-of-the-interaction-between-signal-31m65tpd.png FIGURE 7. Overview of the interaction between signal transduction and actin remodeling. Activation of growth factor receptors or integrins by binding to their respective ligands results in actin remodeling through Rho GTPases. Rho GTPases subsequently activate a kinase cascade including ROCK and LIMK to activate the actinbinding protein cofilin. Alternatively, the profilin is modulated through mDIA or the WASP pathway. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-b-actin-localization-during-the-g1-phase-of-hela-33rloyxw.png FIGURE 5. β-Actin localization during the G1 phase of HeLa cells. HeLa cells were synchronized by mitotic selection. After synchronization, the cells were plated and cultured for 1 hour (A and B) or 4 hours (C and D), fixed with formaldehyde and labeled for β-actin using a monoclonal antibody directed against β-actin (Sigma, A1978, Clone AC-15) and goat-anti-mouse-CY3 secondary antibody. The cells were studied using a confocal scanning light microscopy. Optical sections at 1.48 µm (A and C) and 2.46 µm (B and D) from the basal side of the cells, respectively. β-actin is present at the leading edge, in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of the cells. The scalebar represents 10 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-cell-cycle-of-mammalian-cells-the-wmi27ix7.png FIGURE 1. Overview of the cell cycle of mammalian cells. The mammalian cell cycle basically consists of four phases: first gap phase (G1), DNA synthesis (S), second gap phase (G2), and mitosis (M). The transition between the different phases is regulated by cyclin/CDK complexes. Different cyclins (A, B, D, E) are present during different cell cycle phases and interact with different CDKs. R is the restriction point defined as the point in the G1 phase after which the cells are independent from external factors for progression of the remainder of the cell cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-the-map-kinase-erk1-2-signal-1zwabbf3.png FIGURE 2. Overview of the MAP kinase (ERK1/2) signal transduction pathway. Activation of growth factor receptors or integrins by binding to their respective ligands results in the activation of the small G-protein Ras, which, in its turn, activated the serine/threonine kinase raf. Activated raf phosphorylates and activates the dualspecificity kinase MEK, which, in its turn, phosphorylates MAP kinase on serine and tyrosine, resulting in full activation. MAP kinase phosphorylates several substrates in both cytoplasm (including the cytosolic phospholipase A2) and nucleus (including several transcription factors). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-stress-fibers-and-focal-contacts-in-fibroblasts-c3h-1y436k9s.png FIGURE 6. Stress fibers and focal contacts in fibroblasts. C3H/10T1/2 fibroblasts were stained for F-actin using phalloidin-Tritc (A) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylated on Tyr397 using rabbit antiFAK-pY397 (Biosource) and GARCY3 as a secondary antibody (B). The phosphorylated FAK is present in the focal adhesion sites and co-localizes with the F-actin stress fibers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-pdgf-on-f-and-g-actin-localization-in-svszwmxv.png FIGURE 4. Effect of PDGF on F- and G-actin localization in fibroblasts. C3H/10T1/2 fibroblasts were serum deprived for 24 hours and subsequently incubated in the presence or absence of 20 ng/mL PDGF-BB for 10 minutes at 37°. The cells were fixed using formaldehyde and incubated with Phalloidin-Tritc to label F-actin or with DNase I-Alexa488 to label G-actin. F-actin is visible in large stress fibers (A), whereas G-actin is localized mainly around and in the nucleus (B). Incubation in the presence of PDGF-BB for 10 minutes results in the formation of membrane ruffles and the partial disappearance of stress fibers (D). A and B: control cells labeled for F-actin and G-actin respectively. D and E: PDGF-treated cells labeled for F-actin and G-actin, respectively. Merged images are presented in (C) and (F). https://scispace.com/papers/signaling-creditworthiness-in-peruvian-microfinance-markets-2iijnqxrl9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-2-impact-of-positive-information-sharing-on-access-1zheg5mr.png Table C.2. Impact of Positive Information Sharing on Access to Credit Among Exclusive Borrowers in the Late in the Cycle Group: Days Left Until the End of the Cycle https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-3-impact-of-positive-information-sharing-on-access-2upg1vek.png Table C.3. Impact of Positive Information Sharing on Access to Credit Among Exclusive Borrowers in the Late in the Cycle Group: Percentage of the Cycle Left https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-kolmogorov-smirnov-test-for-equality-of-1m3yemp9.png Table A.1. Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for Equality of Distributions of Cycle Start Date and Cycle Duration https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-decomposition-of-the-credit-expansion-effect-among-3epwi4sv.png Table 4. Decomposition of the Credit Expansion Effect Among Exclusive Borrowers in the Late in the Cycle Group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-decomposition-of-the-change-in-institutional-3nd301ol.png Figure 4. Decomposition of the Change in Institutional Default Rates: Nov04-Dec05 https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-exclusive-and-clean-borrowers-in-december-2004-1fp47pd5.png Table B.1. Exclusive and Clean Borrowers in December 2004 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-estimated-year-effect-on-village-bank-default-rates-1jr0tqcb.png Figure 1. Estimated Year Effect on Village Bank Default Rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-impact-of-positive-information-sharing-on-access-3bpauqmr.png Table C.1. Impact of Positive Information Sharing on Access to Credit Among Exclusive Borrowers in the Late in the Cycle Group: Inverse Hyperbolic Sine Transformation https://scispace.com/papers/signaling-free-localization-of-node-failures-in-all-optical-cmnf04719z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-effect-of-parameter-a-on-the-performance-of-the-cc7d0lci.png Fig. 4. The effect of parameter α on the performance of the algorithm. α defines the initial size of randomly generated m-trails. For each networks of Table II and α setting the algorithm was launched 20 times, and the 95% confidence intervals are the bars of each point on the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-effect-of-topology-diversity-on-the-performance-of-2ybuptwu.png Fig. 5. The effect of topology diversity on the performance of the algorithm. 250 random 50-node networks were generated with different nodal degree. For each networks the algorithm was launched 5 times, and the 95% confidence intervals are the bars of each point on the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-nl-ufl-m-trail-solution-for-smallnet-as-a-tvk9i5ci.png Fig. 1. An NL-UFL m-trail solution for SmallNet. As a comparison, see the solution for UFL with alarm code dissemination in [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-notation-list-3i994jx6.png TABLE I NOTATION LIST https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-example-of-the-gray-codes-mapped-to-a-graph-with-b-2tn3bxbs.png Fig. 3. An example of the Gray-codes mapped to a graph with b′ = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-plot-on-g-a-for-0-a-1-1fpfo86v.png Fig. 2. A plot on g(α) for 0 < α < 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-results-by-the-proposed-rsta-gls-1-for-single-link-10iajjxk.png TABLE II RESULTS BY THE PROPOSED RSTA+GLS [1] FOR SINGLE LINK FAILURES ONLY, AND BY THE PROPOSED METHOD FOR SINGLE NODE AND SINGLE LINK OR NODE FAILURES ON SOME WELL-KNOWN NETWORKS. https://scispace.com/papers/signaling-in-a-rent-seeking-contest-with-one-sided-4novxpdre1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-range-of-possible-signals-of-a-high-type-player-1-3lh28nlf.png Figure 1: Range of possible signals of a high type player 1 in separating equilibria of the game with absolute signaling when VL VH > 1 (cf. Lemma 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-range-of-possible-signals-of-a-low-type-player-1-in-36cz2zm7.png Figure 2: Range of possible signals of a low type player 1 in separating equilibria of the game with proportional signaling when VL VH < 1 and VL > VL/(VH + 1)2 (cf. Lemma 5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-welfare-effects-of-signaling-with-vh-2-signaling-1f6vl1xm.png Figure 3: Welfare effects of signaling, with VH = 2. Signaling decreases welfare in (1) and (4), and increases welfare in (2) and (3). https://scispace.com/papers/signaling-cost-and-performance-of-sigma-a-seamless-handover-342x7ufrz1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-sctp-association-with-multi-homed-endpoints-1czyxdxp.png Fig. 1. An SCTP association with multi-homed endpoints. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-network-structure-considered-1eksnzh7.png Fig. 5. Network structure considered. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-impact-of-number-of-mhs-on-total-signaling-cost-of-1bo45t3l.png Fig. 6. Impact of number of MHs on total signaling cost of SIGMA and HMIPv6 under different subnet residence times. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-sctp-association-with-multi-homed-mobile-host-25930ovb.png Fig. 2. An SCTP association with multi-homed mobile host. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-impact-of-moving-speed-on-packet-loss-rate-and-2l8qrtg6.png Fig. 14. Impact of moving speed on packet loss rate and throughput. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-impact-of-ha-router1-delay-on-packet-loss-rate-and-1rb4oqml.png Fig. 15. Impact of HA-Router1 delay on packet loss rate and throughput. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-location-management-in-sigma-30exjvn4.png Fig. 4. Location management in SIGMA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-simulation-topology-1pr7bb91.png Fig. 10. Simulation topology. https://scispace.com/papers/signature-based-ser-analysis-and-design-of-logic-circuits-1bo9pb8iuf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-algorithm-for-multi-cycle-sequential-circuit-23fpny7w.png Fig. 6. The algorithm for multi-cycle sequential circuit simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-illustration-of-bit-parallel-sequential-simulation-154l1th9.png Fig. 7. Illustration of bit-parallel sequential simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-comparison-of-the-various-ser-improvement-techniques-2z7gfiit.png TABLE X COMPARISON OF THE VARIOUS SER IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-the-change-in-ser-for-sequential-circuits-with-3e5u5tcu.png TABLE VI THE CHANGE IN SER FOR SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS WITH INCREASING NUMBER OF TIME FRAMES. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-improvements-in-ser-by-combining-of-rewriting-and-28w2p46e.png TABLE IX IMPROVEMENTS IN SER BY COMBINING OF REWRITING AND SIDER. https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-improvements-in-ser-and-area-with-local-rewriting-369vodf6.png TABLE VIII IMPROVEMENTS IN SER AND AREA WITH LOCAL REWRITING. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-improvements-in-ser-obtained-by-sider-1oblzmmu.png TABLE VII IMPROVEMENTS IN SER OBTAINED BY SIDER. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-proposed-signature-based-analysis-framework-for-9ylmdfd0.png Fig. 1. The proposed signature-based analysis framework for SER evaluation and synthesis. https://scispace.com/papers/signatures-of-the-a-2-term-in-ultrastrongly-coupled-rwrzucsnde 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-the-coupling-between-a-dipole-and-a-2hngz589.png FIG. 2. (Color online) (a) The coupling between a dipole and a cavity field is suddenly switched on. The system relaxes to the ground state by radiating into the output modes f̂U ,f̂L. (b) Frequency distribution of the output modes (arbitrary units). We have fixed ωa = ωb, λ = 0.1ωb, and D = λ2/ωb in Eq. (1), and a frequencyindependent coupling to the external modes J (ω) = √γ /2π , where γ = 0.01ωa would be the decay rate of the cavity in absence of the matter mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-contour-plots-of-the-relative-population-16ltc22z.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Contour plots of the relative population difference (nU − nL)/(nU + nL) predicted via the few-mode Hamiltonian Heff. We take D = λ2/ωb,λ = 0.25ωb in all plots. In plot (a) we fix ωa = ωb and vary the two parameters u,η, while in plot (b) we fix η = 0.23λ2/ωa (as obtained earlier for the Fabry-Pérot modes) and vary u together with the bare-mode detuning . The red dashed line corresponds to the model parameters obeying Eq. (33), resulting in nU = nL. We have obtained qualitatively similar plots for λ ∈ {0.2ωb,0.15ωb,0.1ωb,0.05ωb} (not shown). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-comparison-between-the-polaritonic-20ovgxpx.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Comparison between the polaritonic populations predicted by the multimode Hamiltonian (28) and the effective model (29), in the case u = 0. (a) Populations vs coupling strength, when ωa = ωb. (b) Populations vs bare detuning = ωa − ωb, with λ = 0.2ωb. To perform the simulations it was sufficient to include 5 matter transitions and 25 cavity modes in Hamiltonian (28). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-mean-polaritonic-populationsnu-nl-in-the-3obcsd82.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Mean polaritonic populationsnU ,nL in the bare ground state |0〉. (a) Mean populations vs normalized coupling strength at bare mode resonance ωa = ωb. (b) Mean populations vs bare detuning = ωa − ωb, fixing λ = 0.2ωb. In all plots, the blue solid line refers to D = λ2/ωb, while the red (dotted, dot-dashed) lines to D = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-a-low-energy-spectra-of-hdicke-with-n-5-1kffpyxh.png FIG. 5. (Color online) (a) Low-energy spectra of HDicke with n = 5 (empty black circles) and Heff (blue, continuous) as a function of coupling strength. We have displayed the rescaled energies E/ωb of the ground state and the lowest five excited states (see labels in the plot). We fixed ωa = ωb, D = λ2/ωb, and η = 0.23λ2/ωa . The parameter u is chosen to satisfy Eq. (33), such that equal populations are predicted by Heff. (b) Comparison of the polaritonic populations in the bare ground state, for the two HamiltoniansHeff andHDicke. The discrepancy between the two increases with the coupling strength λ. https://scispace.com/papers/signatures-of-in-plane-and-out-of-plane-magnetization-1mh06i4xh7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-calculated-dependence-of-the-in-plane-component-of-a-32fcbrbd.png FIG. 4. (a) Calculated dependence of the in-plane component of a total SR-induced magnetization vs the asymmetry in the hole generation with opposite spins (A) for different temperatures between 1 and 300 K. (b) Modification of the DC state dispersions obtained by the plane crossing along kx (at ky = 0) which indicate the influence of the out-of-plane and in-plane components of induced magnetization, i.e., opening the gap at the DP and the kx shift of the DC states, respectively. The solid lines represent the modified upper DC state dispersion, while the dotted ones show the k|| shift of the DC without the gap opening. (c),(d) Calculated temperature dependences of the energy gap at the DP due to the out-of-plane component of the induced magnetization for magnetically doped and pristine TIs and corresponding k‖ shift of the DP relative to k‖ = 0 in the direction orthogonal to the magnetization as a function of temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-calculated-photon-energy-dependence-of-the-k-11f9h9jb.png FIG. 9. (a) Calculated photon-energy dependence of the k‖distribution S(k‖,hν) of the net out-of-plane spin in photoelectrons excited by a p-polarized SR along the SR incidence plane ( K) from the upper DC of Bi2Te2Se for hν from 5 to 31 eV. (b) Photon energy dependence of the net out-of-plane spin integrated over k‖ from−0.12 to 0.12 Å −1 along K . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-experimental-arpes-dispersion-map-for-bi2te2se-2a3tctfq.png FIG. 8. (a) Experimental ARPES dispersion map for Bi2Te2Se measured at temperature 17 K in the K direction at photon energy of 19 eV showing the k‖ shift of the DC states relative to the bottom CB states connected with the asymmetry in the intensity of the DC states with opposite momentum. Here, approximations of the DC and CB states’ positions obtained as a result of fitting procedure are shown by black and red lines, respectively, in comparison with MDC profiles in the region of the CB states. (b) Statistically estimated k‖-shift variation measured along the DC branches at different cutting energies (with simultaneous fitting of both DC peaks in the MDC profiles). (c) Fitting of the MDC profiles for the CB states cut at different energies relative to the Fermi level with decomposition into spectral components. Here, the profiles of the DC states and their k‖ positions are presented, for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-lines-a-b-c-series-of-arpes-intensity-maps-of-the-tsss-ejui51ts.png FIG. 1. Lines (a),(b),(c): series of ARPES intensity maps of the TSSs measured along the SR incidence plane ( K) (Geometry 1) for pristine TIs with stoichiometry Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.8Se1.2 (a) and Bi2Te2Se (b) and for V-doped TIs with stoichiometry Bi1.37V0.03Sb0.6Te2Se (c) at temperature 17–20 K by using linear p-polarized SR at different photon energy. The profiles of comparable intensities of the TSSs with opposite momenta (MDC) cut at the energy corresponding to enhanced intensity (marked by horizontal white lines) are presented at the bottom of each inset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-methods-section-schematic-presentation-of-the-arpes-21hf9qkb.png FIG. 11. METHODS section. Schematic presentation of the ARPES measurement geometries with the analyzer slit oriented along (Geometry 1) and perpendicular to (Geometry 2) the SR incidence plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-kx-ky-projections-of-the-dc-state-maps-cut-at-the-dfpoa82v.png FIG. 5. (a) (kx,ky) projections of the DC state maps cut at the energy near the Fermi level measured at 55 K for Bi1.37V0.03Sb0.6Te2Se with opposite circular polarization of SR showing an opposite TSS intensity asymmetry. (b) The (kx,ky) shift of the DP position generated by the SR-induced in-plane magnetization using linearly p-polarized SR (marked by green crosses in all insets) and circularly polarized SR of opposite chirality (marked by blue crosses). The position k‖ = 0 corresponds to the position of maximum of intensity of the MDC profile measured using linearly polarized SR. (c) Comparison between the k‖ position of the intensity maximum in the MDC profiles measured at the DC states near the Fermi level and at the DP using different polarization of SR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tss-intensity-asymmetry-a-trend-vs-photon-energy-midajh0f.png FIG. 2. TSS intensity asymmetry (A) trend vs photon energy estimated from the ARPES intensity maps presented in Figs. 1(a)–1(c) and Figs. 1S, 2S in the Supplemental Material [41] measured along K and M directions of the surface Brillouin zone. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-arpes-intensity-maps-measured-for-v-doped-tis-with-2gq11diy.png FIG. 10. (a) ARPES intensity maps measured for V-doped TIs with stoichiometry Bi1.09V0.06Sb0.85Te3 under photoexcitation by SR with different polarizations at temperature of 55 K. The corresponding dispersions in the d2N/dE2 form are shown in the middle line (b) for better visualization of the DC states splitting at the DP. Line (c): corresponding EDCs measured at the DP (k‖ = 0) and the result of the fitting procedure with decomposition into spectral components. (d) The kx,ky mapping at the DP (E = 0.043 eV) and (e) the k‖ shift of the DC states at the DP developed under photoexcitation by SR of opposite chirality. https://scispace.com/papers/signatures-of-tunneling-and-multiphoton-ionization-in-the-2mv2rww8vf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-and-b-2d-electron-momentum-2i2uc2oj.png FIG. 3. Color online a and b 2D electron momentum distributions for the intensities 1.65 and 1.8 1014 W/cm2, respectively, for a wavelength of 800 nm obtained from solving the TDSE. c and d Comparison of parallel momentum distributions between the TDSE result and the SFA model, for laser parameters of a and b , respectively. The TDSE result is averaged over the carrier-envelope phases 0 and . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-and-b-2d-electron-momentum-yz09ir49.png FIG. 2. Color online a and b 2D electron momentum distributions for the intensities 1.7 and 3.9 1014 W/cm2, respectively, for a wavelength of 400 nm obtained with the SFA model. c and d Comparison of parallel momentum distributions between the SFA model and the TDSE result, for laser parameters of a and b , respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-photoelectron-momentum-distributions-for-1vffbmv1.png FIG. 1. Color online Photoelectron momentum distributions for argon calculated by solving the TDSE for four intensities 1.7, 2.4, 3.2, and 3.9 1014 W/cm2, respectively, for a wavelength of 400 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/signatures-of-ultrafast-reversal-of-excitonic-order-in-ta-2-340es72ke6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-pump-fluence-dependence-of-the-1-thz-red-i8k1y4i2.png FIG. 3. Experimental pump fluence dependence of the 1 THz (red circles) and 3 THz (blue circles) coherent phonon amplitudes in Ta2NiSe5 reproduced from Ref. [28]. Simulation results for an OPCP (red line) and a conventional ISRS phonon (blue line) are overlaid and horizontally scaled (α ≈ 700) to match the experimental data. Vertical dashed lines mark the calculated Fc and F . The nonmonotonic behavior of the OPCP amplitude just above Fc arises from strong feedback between Φ and X immediately after excitation [35]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulation-results-of-vdphth-and-vdxth-defined-in-main-2cam88mn.png FIG. 2. Simulation results of VðΦÞ and VðXÞ (defined in main text) for F > Fc with experimentally determined parameters [35]. Snapshots of the potential landscapes (solid lines) and the electronic and structural order parameters (circles) are shown (a) in the equilibrium state [reproduced as dashed lines in (b)–(d)], (b) at the moment of excitation, (c) during transit into the reversed state, and (d) in the reversed state before equilibration, where both potentials are modulated at the phonon frequency (red arrows). Axes’ scales are the same in all panels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulated-time-evolution-of-a-re-ph-and-b-x-following-3u37f3ni.png FIG. 4. Simulated time evolution of (a) Re(Φ) and (b) X following single-pulse pumping (black) and two-pulse OP (blue) and IP (red) pumping of the 2 THz phonon using F ¼ 0.96Fc and the same microscopic parameters as in Figs. 2 and 3. The calculated instantaneous electronic potential is displayed at several select times. (c) Normalized FFT of the traces shown in (b). Each curve is normalized by the peak value of the singlepulse pumping curve. (d) Reflectivity transients measured from Ta2NiSe5 under the same pumping conditions used in the simulations. Curves are vertically offset for clarity. (e) Normalized FFT of the traces shown in (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-electronic-and-structural-free-energy-do41b5dm.png FIG. 1. Schematic of the electronic and structural free energy landscapes (a) without and (b) with EPC. In the latter case, pulsed excitation can drive the system between two degenerate ground states. (c) Schematic of the 1D spinless two-band model. Red (blue) circles on each site i denote Ta 5d conduction band (Ni 3d valence band) states. The microscopic parameters discussed in the main text are defined pictorially. https://scispace.com/papers/signatures-of-secondary-leptons-in-radio-neutrino-detectors-408rrwjgl5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-muon-flux-rescaled-with-muon-energy-to-the-power-of-3-2jmde6py.png FIG. 4. Muon flux rescaled with muon energy to the power of 3.7 and integrated on the upper hemisphere, given in GeV2.7 cm−2 s−1 as a function of the muon energy. These curves have been obtained using MCEq (version 1.2.1) with the cosmicray model from [48] and using four different models: EPOS-LHC (red), SYBILL23C (blue), and QGSJet-II-04 (black). The observation altitude is 2.7 km. Uncertainties due to cosmic-ray flux models and hadronic interaction models [56] are represented by the shaded region (68% C.L.). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-three-dimensional-plot-of-a-double-cascade-event-the-1s0d0jx6.png FIG. 8. Three-dimensional plot of a double-cascade event. The first shower is caused by a 1.84 EeV neutrino. The resulting tau travels for several hundred meters and creates a hadronic shower via photonuclear interaction. The red line represents the particle trajectories, while the red cones indicate the Cherenkov cones for both showers. The three triggered stations are represented by grey dots, and the yellow lines are the paths followed by the waves (direct and refracted) that arrive at the stations. The axes units are meters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-top-distribution-of-the-distances-between-cascades-of-ffpnesbe.png FIG. 16. Top: distribution of the distances between cascades of double-cascade tau neutrino events detected by a 10 × 10 dipole array for several neutrino energy bins. All the distributions are normalized to 1. Bottom: same as top, but with the signal arrival times at the station. The antenna distance between nearest neighbors is 1.25 km for this study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-top-distribution-of-the-distances-between-cascades-of-126oq76x.png FIG. 17. Top: distribution of the distances between cascades of double-cascade muon neutrino events detected by a 10 × 10 dipole array for several neutrino energy bins. Bottom: same as top, but with the signal arrival times at the station. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-top-distribution-of-the-number-of-multiple-cascades-3fq966en.png FIG. 14. Top: distribution of the number of multiple cascades induced by tau neutrinos and detected by a 10 × 10 dipole array for several neutrino energy bins. Bottom: same as top, but with the number of stations triggered by multiple-cascade events. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-same-as-fig-14-but-for-muon-neutrinos-4frk8ndr.png FIG. 15. Same as Fig. 14 but for muon neutrinos. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-number-of-detected-atmospheric-muons-per-year-for-a-po0un4nc.png TABLE II. Number of detected atmospheric muons per year for a 100-station array. Three hadronic models and two detector layouts are shown. PA stands for the phased array at 100 m of depth near Summit Station, while LPDA stands for the surface LPDA antennas on the Ross Ice Shelf. The relative uncertainties due to cosmic-ray flux, hadronic modeling, and effective area are similar across models. The uncertainty on the detected muon numbers for the SIBYLL 2.3C model are ∼þ0.4−0.1 for the phased array and ∼þ0.20−0.04 for the surface LPDAs. See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-top-histograms-containing-the-average-number-of-z12nelsb.png FIG. 19. Top: histograms containing the average number of atmospheric muons detected by a 100-station array as a function of cosmic-ray energy in GeV for several hadronic models. Numbers for 100 independent envelope dipole phased arrays are shown (∼1 Hz noise trigger rate), located near Summit Station, Greenland, as well as surface LPDA trigger (∼10 mHz noise trigger rate) on the Ross Ice Shelf. The shaded bands represent the uncertainties induced by the cosmic-ray flux model, the hadronic model, and the effective area calculation, for the SIBYLL 2.3C model only. See text for details. Bottom: same as top, but as a function of muon shower energy. https://scispace.com/papers/significantly-enhanced-temperature-dependent-selectivity-for-3jr4bhhcik 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-response-values-of-the-in2o3-nano-cubes-based-gas-224rn85e.png Fig. 5. (a) Response values of the In2O3 nano-cubes based gas sensor to 30 ppm of NO2 at different operating temperatures, and (b) response values to different gases https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-xps-spectra-of-the-in2o3-nano-cubes-a-in-3d-and-b-o-1s-2rce7218.png Fig. 4. XPS spectra of the In2O3 nano-cubes: (a) In 3d and (b) O 1s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-diffuse-reflectance-spectrum-of-the-in2o3-nano-259vx6uh.png Fig. 3. The diffuse reflectance spectrum of the In2O3 nano-cubes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparisons-of-no2-sensing-properties-of-in2o3-gas-1mrurtlv.png Table 1 Comparisons of NO2 sensing properties of In2O3 gas sensor in this work with those reported in literature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparisons-of-h2s-sensing-properties-of-in2o3-based-21x5nx0m.png Table 2 Comparisons of H2S sensing properties of In2O3 based gas sensor in this work with those reported in literature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xrd-patterns-of-samples-before-and-after-calcination-3euh0ifu.png Fig. 1 XRD patterns of samples before and after calcination at 500 ℃ in air. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-stability-of-the-in2o3-nano-cube-based-gas-sensor-30qys97w.png Fig. 10 Stability of the In2O3 nano-cube based gas sensor with repeated tests of H2S and NO2 in a month. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-response-recovery-curves-and-b-response-value-of-the-q6n45v29.png Fig. 6. (a) Response/recovery curves and (b) response value of the In2O3 nano- https://scispace.com/papers/silaaromaticity-in-polycyclic-systems-a-computational-study-3x5twehcuv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-selected-geometric-parameters-a-of-the-aromatic-2k6a8np1.png Figure 1.1: Selected geometric parameters (Å) of the aromatic hydrocarbons and their corresponding silaaromatic compounds obtained at the B3LYP/6-31G* level. The point group, relative energies, and the number of imaginary frequencies (in parenthesis) are also given. https://scispace.com/papers/significant-uncertainty-in-global-scale-hydrological-4lf6bp27o9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-model-concept-of-pcr-globwb-van-beek-and-bierkens-2009-h8lfnuvu.png Fig. 2. Model concept of PCR-GLOBWB (van Beek and Bierkens, 2009). The left-hand side represents the vertical structure for the soil hydrology representing the canopy, soil column (stores 1 and 2), and the groundwater reservoir (store 3). Precipitation (PREC) falls as rain if air temperature (T) is above 0 C and as snow otherwise. Snow accumulates on the surface, and melt is temperature controlled. Potential evapotranspiration (Epot) is broken down into canopy transpiration and bare soil evaporation, which are reduced to an actual rate (Eact) on the basis of the moisture content of the soil. Vertical transport in the soil column arises from percolation or capillary rise (P). Drainage from the soil column to the river network occurs via direct runoff, interflow or subsurface stormflow, and base flow (QDR, QSf, and QBf, respectively). Drainage accumulates as discharge (QChannel) along the drainage network and is subject to a direct gain or loss depending on the precipitation and potential evaporation acting on the freshwater surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-long-term-monthly-basin-average-precipitation-amounts-3411vtgr.png Fig. 4. Long-term monthly basin average precipitation amounts (mm/month) for the sel the combination of ERA-40 and CRU (black). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-measured-grdc-black-line-and-pcr-globwb-simulated-314xb6m5.png Fig. 8. Measured (GRDC, black line) and PCR-GLOBWB simulated hydrographs for the Mekong river basin. Please refer to the caption of Fig. 6 for further explanation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-spread-of-the-pcr-globwb-simulated-2lzm6hjf.png Table 4 Average spread of the PCR-GLOBWB simulated hydrograph uncertainty ranges for the original LHS ensemble (LHS ensemble), behavioral solutions (Behavioral) for all three forcing datasets individually, combined using the default parameterization (forcing) and joint LHS parameter and forcing data uncertainty (pars + forcing). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-nash-sutcliffe-ns-coefficients-of-pcr-globwb-25yw1yvw.png Table 3 Nash–Sutcliffe (NS) coefficients of PCR-GLOBWB simulated discharge time series for all different forcing datasets and river catchments. The various headings summarize the performance of the default model parameterization (default), optimal parameter combination (optimal), lowest NRMSE average over all forcings (global optimal), mean simulation of the behavioral solutions (behavioral), and original LHS ensemble (mean LHS) for the calibration (1991–1995) and evaluation period (1996–2000) respectively. The statistic ‘‘Overall” lists the average performance for all three different forcing datasets combined. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-measured-grdc-black-dots-and-pcr-globwb-simulated-fe77r9yw.png Fig. 7. Measured (GRDC, black dots) and PCR-GLOBWB simulated streamflow hydrographs for the Mackenzie basin. Please refer to the caption of Fig. 6 for further explanation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-reduction-in-simulation-uncertainty-see-eq-9-for-the-3eo6rpj6.png Fig. 11. Reduction in simulation uncertainty (see Eq. (9)) for the Amazon, Mackenzie, Mekong, Murray, and Rhine river basin derived from down sampling the original LHS ensemble. The ‘‘+”, ‘‘o”, ‘‘⁄”, ‘‘x” and ‘‘ ” symbols are used to denote reduction in uncertainty for discharge, local runoff, actual evapotranspiration, soil moisture and snow, respectively. Color coding is used to indicate different forcing datasets. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-hydrographs-with-monthly-average-discharge-for-the-xewin8j9.png Fig. 6. Hydrographs with monthly average discharge for the Amazon river basin modeled with PCR-GLOBWB. In each individual panel, measured discharge data (GRDC) are shown as black dots, the light-blue area denotes the simulation uncertainty (difference between minimum and maximum discharge) obtained from the original LHS ensemble, and the dark-blue area represents the simulated uncertainty ranges derived from the behavioral parameter combinations. The top panel displays the results of the default PCR-GLOBWB parameterization forced with CFSR reanalysis data (red), the ERACRU dataset (dark blue) and ERA-Interim reanalysis data (green) and plots the LHS ensemble spread for all these different forcing datasets combined for the calibration period (1991–1995). Panels 2–6 contain both the calibration and validation period (1991–2000) as indicated on the x-axis of the last panel. In the second panel the discharge time-series obtained with the optimal parameter set are displayed (thick lines), the thin lines represent the discharge simulations obtained with the parameters giving the lowest overall NRMSE for all three forcing datasets for each individual basin (the meteorological ‘‘global” optimal parameter combination). The next three panels depict model realizations for the CFSR, ERACRU and ERA-Interim datasets. The bottom panel displays the results for the original LHS ensemble and combined behavioral solutions of all three forcing datasets. This signifies the combined effect of parameter and forcing uncertainty. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/silencing-of-atp-synthase-b-induces-female-sterility-in-a-353hcid6ft 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-protein-profiles-of-euscelidius-variegatus-injected-ysv1rb0t.png Fig. 2. Protein profiles of Euscelidius variegatus injected with dsRNAs. (A) Mono-dimensional SDS-PAGE of total proteins from female (F) and male (M) adults of E. variegatus collected at 15 days post injection with dsRNAs (80 ng/insect) targeting ATP synthase β (dsATP) or Green Fluorescent Protein (dsGFP), used as control. (B) Bi-dimensional SDS-PAGE following isoelectrofocusing on 3–10 pH strips of total proteins from female adults of E. variegatus collected 15 days after the injection with dsATP or dsGFP. Yellow boxes in upper panels are magnified in corresponding lower panels and indicate the gel samples analysed in mass spectrometry (see Tab. 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-expression-of-atp-synthase-b-and-hexamerin-in-31mjmwje.png Fig. 4. Expression of ATP synthase β and hexamerin in separated heads and bodies. Transcript levels of the two genes measured in separated heads and bodies of Euscelidius variegatus female adults collected at 15 days post injection with dsRNAs (80 ng/insect) targeting ATP synthase β (dsATP) or Green Fluorescent Protein (dsGFP), used as control. Different letters indicate significant differences in transcript levels measured in diverse groups of samples (ANOVA, followed by Holm-Sidak method). The median of five samples is shown as a line across each box, the box indicates the 25th and 75th percentiles and whiskers represent the 90th and 10th percentiles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-expression-of-atp-synthase-b-transferrin-and-hexamerin-3t81glj8.png Fig. 3. Expression of ATP synthase β, transferrin and hexamerin. Transcript levels of the three genes measured in whole bodies of female (F) and male (M) adults of Euscelidius variegatus collected at 15 days post injection with dsRNAs (80 ng/insect) targeting ATP synthase β (dsATP) or Green Fluorescent Protein (dsGFP), used as control. Different letters indicate significant differences in transcript levels measured in diverse groups of samples (ANOVA, followed by Holm-Sidak method). The median of five samples is shown as a line across each box, the box indicates the 25th and 75th percentiles and whiskers represent the 90th and 10th percentiles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-level-of-atp-synthase-b-and-cathepsin-l-proteins-in-u1i2b1no.png Fig. 7. Level of ATP synthase β and cathepsin L proteins in whole female bodies and ovaries. Mono-dimensional SDS-PAGE and corresponding Western blots developed with different primary antibodies (anti-ATP synthase β, anti-cathepsin L and anti-actin) of total proteins from whole female bodies (A) and ovaries (B) of Euscelidius variegatus collected at 15 days post injection with dsRNAs (80 ng/insect) targeting ATP synthase β (dsATP) or Green Fluorescent Protein (dsGFP), used as control. Yellow and blue boxes indicate over-expressed protein bands in dsATP whole body (~90 kDa) and dsGFP ovary samples (~200 kDa), respectively. In Western blot panels, signals of specific antibodies and molecular weights of Sharpmass VII Prestained Protein Marker (EuroClone) are indicated in green and red respectively. Actin was used as housekeeping protein among different samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effects-of-atp-synthase-b-silencing-on-euscelidius-i8pr84dr.png Table 1. Effects of ATP synthase β silencing on Euscelidius variegatus progeny. Numbers of offspring of E. variegatus following injection of newly emerged F0 parent adults with dsRNAs targeting ATP synthase β or Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), used as control. Groups of injected F0 females and males listed in the same line were caged together for 15 days right after the dsRNA injection. Offspring insects (F1) were collected about 60 days post injection. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-protein-identification-features-of-ms-ms-analysis-of-zav8e7q2.png Table 3. Protein identification. Features of MS/MS analysis of transferrin and hexamerin-like protein 2 identified from different samples of Euscelidius variegatus injected with dsRNAs targeting ATP synthase β (dsATP) or Green Fluorescent Protein (dsGFP) obtained from mono-dimensional (gel1D) and bi-dimensional (gel2D) electrophoresis (see yellow boxes of Fig. 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-transcript-level-of-four-genes-putatively-involved-in-har8cznn.png Fig. 5. Transcript level of four genes putatively involved in egg development. Transcript level of vitellogenin, perilipin, cathepsin L and digestive cysteine protein genes measured in whole bodies of female (F) and male (M) adults of Euscelidius variegatus collected at 15 days post injection with dsRNAs (80 ng/insect) targeting ATP synthase β (dsATP) or Green Fluorescent Protein (dsGFP), used as control. Different letters indicate significant differences in transcript levels measured in diverse groups of samples (ANOVA, followed by Holm-Sidak method). The median of five samples is shown as a line across each box, the box indicates the 25th and 75th percentiles and whiskers represent the 90th and 10th percentiles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-primers-used-for-gene-expression-analysis-1lz92k2a.png Table 2. List of primers used for gene expression analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/silane-and-triazine-containing-hole-and-exciton-blocking-1eji99nkna 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-proposal-energy-level-diagram-of-the-16yfi5w3.png Fig. 5 Proposal energy level diagram of the electroluminescent devices (numbers represent the energy values in eV units). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-the-power-efficiency-and-b-external-quantum-1jygauic.png Fig. 4 (a) The power efficiency and (b) external quantum efficiency of OLEDs using 6 wt.% Ir(ppy)3 : CBP, and three different hole-blocking materials as a function of luminance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-current-density-voltage-j-v-and-b-luminescence-2v94jds1.png Fig. 3 (a) Current density–voltage (J–V) and (b) luminescence– voltage (L–V) characteristics using three different hole-blocking materials. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-electrophosphorescent-device-structure-and-the-hbd611wh.png Fig. 2 The electrophosphorescent device structure and the chemical structures of the materials used in the devices. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-electrical-properties-and-device-33ykwf6u.png Table 1 Summary of the electrical properties and device performance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-absorption-and-fluorescence-spectra-of-dtbt-solution-2xh7vtzh.png Fig. 1 Absorption and fluorescence spectra of DTBT solution and film at room temperature (RT). Inset are the phosphorescence spectra of DTBT films at T = 12 K. https://scispace.com/papers/silane-grafting-of-polyethylenes-3ahmtv1c9q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-variation-of-density-withmodification-1uw6mcpc.png TABLE 3 Variation of Density withModification https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-flow-curves-of-modified-ldpe-at-different-16vdlmpu.png FIGURE 17 Flow curves of modified LDPE at different temperatures. https://scispace.com/papers/silica-based-bioactive-solids-obtained-from-modified-2042mto4uz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-ftir-spectrum-and-b-c-tg-dta-curves-of-raw-81tplfzl.png Fig. 2. (a) FTIR spectrum and (b-c) TG–DTA curves of: raw diatomaceous earth (DE), with QAS (DEQ), activated DEa and activated with QAS (DEaQ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-micrograph-of-a-and-b-raw-diatomaceous-earth-de-c-22wfbfz8.png Fig. 1. SEM micrograph of: (A and B) raw diatomaceous earth (DE), (C) DE activated and (D) activated with QAS (DEaQ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-diameters-of-inhibition-zone-by-agar-diffusion-tests-e7bnb5y4.png Fig. 4. Diameters of inhibition zone by agar diffusion tests against fungal (a) and bacterial (b) strains with DE samples with QAS (DEQ) and activated with QAS (DEaQ). The raw DE and DEa no presented inhibition zones in any case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-xrd-patterns-a-albite-q-quartz-s-smectite-and-b-zeta-32byoyy9.png Fig. 3. (a) XRD patterns (A) Albite, (Q) quartz, (S) Smectite and (b) Zeta potential in function of pH for: (j) DE, (h) DEQ, (d) DEa and (s) DEaQ. https://scispace.com/papers/silica-carbon-nanocomposite-acid-catalyst-with-large-5b6tf8xcoc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tem-images-of-a-si33c66ht-so3h-b-si50c50htso3h-c-vorgyut7.png Figure 3. TEM images of (A) Si33C66HT-SO3H, (B) Si50C50HTSO3H, (C) Si66C33HT-SO3H, and (D) Si33C66-400-SO3H. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tem-image-of-a-si50c50ht-800-b-magnified-region-3f95497i.png Figure 4. TEM image of (A) Si50C50HT-800, (B) magnified region (yellow box in panel A) of Si50C50HT-800, (C) Si50C50HT-Si, and (D) Si50C50HT-C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-elemental-distribution-maps-of-c-si-s-and-o-in-7tnwlnp2.png Figure 2. Elemental distribution maps of C, Si, S, and O in Si66C33HTSO3H (top row) and Si66C33-400-SO3H (bottom row). The colored scale bars show the level of elemental concentration. EPMA mapping conditions: 7 kV, 15 nA, 33 nm step size (in x and y), and a counting time of 40 ms per step. Each map is 30 μm × 22.5 μm. The sample was embedded in resin, which was polished and coated with Pt−Pd layer after hardening. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-saxs-patterns-of-a-vapor-phase-assisted-zmatj6kb.png Figure 5. SAXS patterns of (A) vapor-phase assisted hydrothermally treated silica−carbon nanocomposites (a) Si33C66HT, (b) Si50C50HT, (c) Si66C33HT, and after pyrolysis (d) Si33C66HT-800, (e) Si50C50HT800, (f) Si66C33HT-800; (B) silica or (C) carbon samples after removal of carbon or silica from the pyrolyzed composites; and (D) after sulfonation, (i), (ii), and (iii) corresponding to their mother composites of Si33C66HT, Si50C50HT, and Si66C33HT, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-top-n2-adsorption-closed-symbols-desorption-open-2la5y9gc.png Figure 6. (Top) N2 adsorption (closed symbols)/desorption (open symbols) isotherms and (Bottom) pore size distribution of (A) SimCnHT-800, (B) SimCnHT-Si, and (C) SimCnHT-SO3H; (i), (ii), and (iii) corresponding to their mother composites of Si33C66HT, Si50C50HT, and Si66C33HT, respectively. For clarity, the offset between the isotherms along the y-axis is 200 cm3/g in panels A/C and 500 cm3/g in panel B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-solid-state-13c-and-29si-nmr-of-black-si66c33ht-3qnquly9.png Figure 7. Solid-state 13C and 29Si NMR of (black) Si66C33HT-SO3H, (blue) Si66C33, and (red) Si66C33-400-SO3H. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-tga-dtg-curves-and-b-n2-sorption-isotherms-pore-1fl7na3k.png Figure 11. (A) TGA/DTG curves, and (B) N2 sorption isotherms/ pore size distributions of the fresh, spent, 0.2 M H2SO4 solutiontreated and resulfonated Si66C33HT-SO3H. (C) Reusability of Si66C33HT-SO3H in the condensation of 2-methylfuran with furfural after regeneration by resulfonation. The filled and open symbols denote the yields obtained from the fresh and resulfonated catalysts, respectively. The arrow Reuse points to the reaction results of the spent catalyst (symbols with a horizontal bar) collected by filtration after a first 6 h run. The arrow Splitting test points to the reaction results of the filtrate (symbols with a vertical bar) under the same stirring and temperature conditions for another 18 h. The splitting test was also conducted with Si66C33HT-SO3H_resulfonated after 5 min of reaction. The arrow 0.2MH2SO4 points to the reaction results of the spent catalyst after treatment with 0.2 M H2SO4 (symbols with cross bars). Reaction conditions: MF (13.2 mmol), FFA (6 mmol), catalyst (50 mg), naphthalene (20 mg) as internal standard, 50 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-deconvoluted-raman-spectra-of-si33c66ht-so3h-jybi74g6.png Figure 8. Deconvoluted Raman spectra of Si33C66HT-SO3H, Si50C50HT-SO3H, Si66C33HT-SO3H, and Si66C33-400-SO3H. https://scispace.com/papers/silica-based-powders-and-monoliths-with-bimodal-pore-systems-jrstacuk0i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-n2-adsorption-desorption-isotherms-curves-are-shifted-3a49yf5q.png Fig. 2 N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms (curves are shifted for clarity) for (a) sample 1, (b) sample 5 and (c) sample 8. The inset shows the pore size distributions from the desorption branches. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representative-tem-images-of-selected-uvm-7-and-m-uvm-201e23br.png Fig. 1 Representative TEM images of selected UVM-7 and M-UVM-7 materials: (a) sample 1, (b) sample 5. https://scispace.com/papers/silica-gelatin-hybrids-with-tailorable-degradation-and-4nc815l9ac 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-nano-textured-hybrids-sem-images-showing-nanoscale-3heizlir.png Figure 4. Nano-textured hybrids. SEM images showing nanoscale texture of hybrids (30 wt% gelatin) of C-factor 0 (a) and 1500 (b). Tapping mode AFM phase images for hybrids (30 wt% gelatin) of C-factor 0 (c) and 1500 (d). Light regions signify the organic, whilst the darker regions represent the inorganic phase. Both scale bars are 200 nm. e, the root-mean-square roughness (mean +/- standard deviation) of the hybrids, which increased with wt% and C-factor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-fluorescence-images-of-cells-on-the-hybrids-3ew4ffhc.png Figure 10. Fluorescence images of cells on the hybrids stained for the cytoskeletal proteins actin (red) and vimentin (green) and nuclei (blue). (Scale bar 100µm) We have engineered a new class of sophisticated silica-gelatin hybrid materials with highly tailorable material properties. Exciting developments are easily envisaged through further mechanical and biological optimisation of the scaffolds for individual hard and soft tissues, including the facile incorporation of biologics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-29si-mas-nmr-for-hybrids-30-wt-gelatin-of-c-factor-pmtj3ain.png Figure 1. 29Si MAS NMR for hybrids (30 wt% gelatin) of C-factor 100, 500 and 1500. a, Spectra with T and Q species indicated. b, An example chemical structure of a silicon T3 species. c, The relative abundance of the T and Q species quantified for all Cfactors (data acquired through deconvolution of peaks from spectra in a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-hybrid-foamed-scaffold-for-tissue-regeneration-30-3g71oyvy.png Figure 6. Hybrid foamed scaffold for tissue regeneration (30 wt% gelatin with Cfactor 1000). a, X-ray micro-computed tomography image of the hybrid scaffold (courtesy of Sheng Yue, Department of Materials, Imperial College London). b, SEM image of the hybrid scaffold. The scale bar is 500 µm for both. The images show a scaffold with an interconnected highly porous architecture generated from a sol-gel foaming and freeze drying technique. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-msc-viability-and-morphology-following-culture-on-26i8yggj.png Figure 9. MSC viability and morphology following culture on monolith hybrids. a, In vitro cytotoxicity of the hybrids was determined by the LIVE/DEAD assay employing calcein AM for staining of the live cells (green) and ethidium homodimer-1 for labelling the nuclei of dead cells (red). (Scale bar 100µm). b, SEM images of MSCs cultured on the hybrids for 7 days revealed different cell morphology on different hybrids (Scale bar=20µm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-release-profiles-of-gelatin-and-silicon-for-hybrids-3tyn2mq5.png Figure 5. Release profiles of gelatin and silicon for hybrids (30 wt% gelatin) with Cfactor 0-1500 immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF). a, Gelatin concentration in SBF as measured by a protein assay (BCA). b, The silicon concentration in SBF measured using ICP. Error bars represent the standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ftir-spectroscopy-on-silica-gelatin-hybrids-c-19ze7xr4.png Figure 2. FTIR spectroscopy on silica-gelatin hybrids, C-factor 0-2000 (as indicated), and hydrolysed GPTMS (i.e. following reaction with deuterium oxide for 1 h). Vibrational bands of note have been labelled. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-mechanical-properties-of-hybrid-foam-scaffolds-2m82ms7x.png Figure 7. The mechanical properties of hybrid foam scaffolds, demonstrating the tailorable strength and elasticity. a, stress/strain curves for hybrids, showing an increasing stiffness, from highly elastic to stiff properties as C-factor and inorganic content was increased. Also indicated are the approximate stiffnesses of various tissues measured previously.[27-32] These stiffness values are there only as a guide as most biological tissues exhibit viscoelastic properties, therefore their stress strain response is heavily dependent on the conditions of testing. b, stress-strain response for a bioactive glass foam scaffold showing a brittle catastrophic failure mechanism at 0.025 strain (linear region is indicated by shaded portion), with no plastic https://scispace.com/papers/silica-microspheres-array-strain-sensor-4gjs9iz59i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-strain-sensitivity-obtained-for-each-sensor-2jqf6lwp.png Table 1. Strain Sensitivity Obtained for Each Sensor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-channeled-spectra-of-light-that-exits-the-sensing-3vr0vvun.png Fig. 5. Channeled spectra of light that exits the sensing heads with 2 (top), 3 (middle), and 4 (bottom) μspheres. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sensing-heads-response-to-the-applied-strain-1dgunz2g.png Fig. 6. Sensing heads’ response to the applied strain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-microspheres-array-sensors-modeling-using-zemax-1ytwo13y.png Fig. 4. Microspheres array sensors modeling using Zemax, considering (a) 2-μspheres, (b) 3-μspheres and (c) 4-μspheres. Also shown the focal points f 1 and f 2 for each configuration (when applicable). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scheme-of-the-experimental-setup-the-photo-of-the-20u5vahc.png Fig. 3. Scheme of the experimental setup. The photo of the sensing heads with (a) 2 μspheres, (b) 3 μspheres, and (c) 4 μspheres are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dependence-of-the-sphere-diameter-with-the-number-of-25zhop86.png Fig. 2. Dependence of the sphere diameter with the number of electric arcs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-microspheres-manufacturing-process-using-the-splice-36om3c3a.png Fig. 1. Microspheres manufacturing process, using the splice machine. Each photo was taken after one electric arc. https://scispace.com/papers/silica-gel-stimulates-the-hydrolysis-of-lecithin-by-1x9vms0joc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ice-cold-mixtures-of-soya-lecithin-and-snake-venom-2h637994.png Fig. 2. Ice-cold mixtures of soya lecithin and snake venom applied to thin-layer chromatography. Left hand lane of each thin-layer chromatogram contains standards, from above: linoleic acid, soya lecithm and egg lysolecithin. In A reaction mixture was applied directly to right-hand lane. In B excess cold EDTA solution was mixed with the same reaction mixture prior to thin-layer chromatographic application. https://scispace.com/papers/silicane-and-germanane-tight-binding-and-first-principles-50mmbtqb21 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-phonon-dispersions-of-silicane-and-germanane-the-16r6sgqz.png Figure 4. Phonon dispersions of silicane and germanane. The high frequency branch above 2000 cm−1 corresponding to Si–H/Ge–H vibrations is omitted for sake of clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-orbital-decomposition-of-the-valence-and-conduction-1sd7iluj.png Table 1. Orbital decomposition of the valence and conduction bands of silicane and germanane at the Γ and M points according to the local density approximation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tight-binding-band-structures-of-silicane-and-22xsbugp.png Figure 3. Tight-binding band structures of silicane and germanane compared with the HSE06 DFT bands. The parameters of the model are shown in the legend in units of eV. The reference energy level is set by εp = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-silicane-and-germanane-the-larger-1m3f337n.png Figure 1. Structure of silicane and germanane. The larger spheres denote Si/Ge atoms while the smaller ones denote hydrogens. Here a is the lattice constant, d the bond length between neighbouring Si/Ge atoms, ∆z is the sublattice buckling between the A and B sublattice, dH is the distance between Si/Ge and the hydrogen, and W is the total width of the layer (excluding van der Waals radii of hydrogens). The structural paremeters are given in units of Å. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-band-structures-of-silicane-and-germanane-the-zero-1kbw6b5a.png Figure 2. Band structures of silicane and germanane. The zero of energy is taken to be the Fermi level and the top of the valence band is marked with a horizontal line. The effect of spinorbit coupling at the Γ point is illustrated in the insets. Effective masses (in units of electron mass) in the HSE06 calculations are provided in the conduction band at M and Γ, and in the valence band at Γ (where the H and L subscript refers to the heavy and light effective mass). Our results on Ge2H2 compare well with Ref. [18]. It is worth noting that we find almost no sign of anisotropy in the effective masses at Γ. In comparison to the literature on graphene, an LDA study found a small anisotropy in both the valence and conduction band of graphane [31], while an earlier GGA study makes no mention of any such anisotropy [29]. https://scispace.com/papers/silica-scale-formation-and-effect-of-sodium-and-aluminium-27nu47p0yc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-acquisition-parameters-2d900j64.png Table 2 - Acquisition parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-29si-nmr-experimental-solutions-and-ph-conditions-3tyf61mw.png Table 3 - 29Si NMR Experimental solutions and pH conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-proposed-polymerised-silica-under-effect-of-2x4vd5q4.png Figure 13 – Proposed polymerised silica under effect of aluminium and final aluminium silicate deposition of RO membrane surfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-29si-nmr-spectrum-of-sodium-silicate-diluted-with-36178dmx.png Figure 6 - 29Si NMR spectrum of sodium silicate diluted with H2O at Si/M molar ratio 0.67 (upper) and 29Si NMR spectrum of sodium silicate diluted with NaCl (1000mg/L) at Si/M molar ratio 0.67(lower). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-29si-nmr-spectrum-of-sodium-silicate-diluted-with-2yh53lqn.png Figure 7 - 29Si NMR spectrum of sodium silicate diluted with H2O at Si/M molar ratio 0.85 (upper), (b) diluted with NaCl (1000mg/L) at Si/M molar ratio 0.85; (c) diluted with AlCl3 (130mg/L) at Si/M molar ratio 0.85 (lower). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-29si-nmr-spectrum-of-baseline-sample-si-m-molar-3ikzm12e.png Figure 10 - 29Si NMR spectrum of baseline sample Si/M molar ratio 1.7 and the sample diluted with AlCl3 (130mg/L) at Si/M molar ratio 1.61. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-29si-nmr-spectrum-of-sodium-silicate-diluted-with-ln76ugh6.png Figure 4 - 29Si NMR spectrum of sodium silicate diluted with H2O at Si/M molar ratio 1.14 (upper) and 29Si NMR spectrum of sodium silicate diluted with NaCl(1000mg/L) at Si/M molar ratio 1.14 (lower). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-29si-nmr-spectrum-of-sodium-silicate-diluted-with-1nk3sbwy.png Figure 5 - 29Si NMR spectrum of sodium silicate diluted with H2O at Si/M molar ratio 0.85 (upper) and 29Si NMR spectrum of sodium silicate diluted with NaCl(1000mg/L) at Si/M molar ratio 0.85(lower). https://scispace.com/papers/silicon-alleviates-ammonium-toxicity-in-cauliflower-and-in-4m5dcmuqwe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-si-and-n-a-ratios-on-a-n-b-k-c-ca-d-mg-and-e-3ks0sdwg.png Fig. 5. Effect of Si and N-A ratios on (A) N, (B) K, (C) Ca, (D) Mg and (E) Si accumulation of broccoli shoot. The error bars in the figures represent standard error. Different letters, lowercase between N-A ratios in same Si concentration, and uppercase between Si in same N-A ratio indicate differences (P < 0.05, Tukey test) between treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nutrient-solution-composition-mmol-l-1-at-a-constant-24b0smkf.png Table 1 Nutrient solution composition (mmol L−1) at a constant N concentration (15 mmol L−1) and different N-A ratios. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effect-of-si-and-n-a-ratios-on-cauliflower-and-la5s4fg8.png Fig. 7. Effect of Si and N-A ratios on cauliflower and broccoli shoots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-si-and-n-a-ratios-on-a-total-chlorophyll-b-3dlp8qix.png Fig. 2. Effect of Si and N-A ratios on (A) total chlorophyll, (B) stomatal conductance, (C) water use efficiency and (D) electrolyte leakage index of cauliflower shoots. The error bars in the figures represent standard error. Different letters, lowercase between N-A ratios in same Si concentration, and uppercase between Si in same N-A ratio indicate differences (P < 0.05, Tukey test) between treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-effect-of-si-and-n-a-ratios-on-cauliflower-and-24b32fpy.png Fig. 8. Effect of Si and N-A ratios on cauliflower and broccoli roots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-si-and-n-a-ratios-on-a-n-b-k-c-ca-d-mg-and-e-3wigfnre.png Fig. 3. Effect of Si and N-A ratios on (A) N, (B) K, (C) Ca, (D) Mg and (E) Si accumulation of cauliflower shoot. The error bars in the figures represent standard error. Different letters, lowercase between N-A ratios in same Si concentration, and uppercase between Si in same N-A ratio indicate differences (P < 0.05, Tukey test) between treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-si-and-n-a-ratios-on-a-total-chlorophyll-b-rino1shc.png Fig. 4. Effect of Si and N-A ratios on (A) total chlorophyll, (B) stomatal conductance, (C) water use efficiency and (D) electrolyte leakage index of broccoli shoot. The error bars in the figures represent standard error. Different letters, lowercase between N-A ratios in same Si concentration, and uppercase between Si in same N-A ratio indicate differences (P < 0.05, Tukey test) between treatments. https://scispace.com/papers/silicified-serpentinite-a-residuum-of-a-tertiary-palaeo-3dnutptb2h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-colour-online-simplified-cross-section-through-the-1ptvgdlh.png Figure 3. (Colour online) Simplified cross-section through the Hajar Mountains and adjacent lithologies showing the position of the SiSp in relation to listwaenite that occurs in the basal thrust zone. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-colour-online-simplified-geological-map-showing-the-3by9d0h0.png Figure 1. (Colour online) Simplified geological map showing the distribution of silicified serpentinite (dark red) along the western part of Hajar Mountains (after Styles et al. 2006). The map also shows the locality of Late Cretaceous/early Tertiary laterites at Jebal Faiyah. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-colour-online-image-showing-field-relation-between-29ndmagp.png Figure 2. (Colour online) Image showing field relation between the silicified serpentinite (A) and underlying veined and brecciated serpentinite (B) and harzburgite (C). The harzburgite (black colour) is largely covered by the SiSp and Sp scree. Table 1 contains related XRD data (profile 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-colour-online-schematic-showing-the-evolution-of-1fxo17of.png Figure 6. (Colour online) Schematic showing the evolution of conditions that could have prevailed during the formation of the SiSp in the UAE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-colour-online-thin-section-photomicrograph-of-the-d4islwcd.png Figure 4. (Colour online) Thin-section photomicrograph of the silicified serpentinite (crossed polars). The rounded to subrounded domains of microquartz are probably pseudomorphs after olivine or serpentinized olivine. The rock is brown-stained owing to presence of goethite and haematite. Opaque, angular crystal is chromite. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-colour-online-high-magnification-thin-section-cs8mo2rm.png Figure 5. (Colour online) High magnification thin-section photomicrograph (crossed polars) showing a domain of microquartz that is inter-grown with goethite and haematite. This is a former crystal of olivine or serpentinized olivine that, during Mg-silicate–silica transformation, evolved into a siliceous micro-seed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-diagram-showing-main-global-climatic-events-and-2e61cbub.png Figure 7. Diagram showing main global climatic events and local events related to silicification of serpentinite (modified after Zachos, Dickens & Zeebe, 2008). The climate curve (0–65 Ma) is a stacked deep-sea benthic foraminiferal oxygen-isotope curve based on records from Deep Sea Drilling Project and Ocean Drilling Program sites, updated with high-resolution records for the interval spanning the middle Eocene to the middle Miocene (Zachos, Dickens & Zeebe, 2008). The temperatures in the UAE would have been higher than the global average shown on the diagram. (PETM, ETM1 – Eocene Thermal Maximum 1; ETM2 – Eocene Thermal Maximum 2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-quantitative-whole-rock-x-ray-diffraction-9x72t3no.png Table 1. Summary of quantitative whole-rock X-ray diffraction analysis on selected samples https://scispace.com/papers/silicon-bulk-micromachined-hybrid-dimensional-artifact-14w2ne9fbz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-point-locations-for-cmm-evaluations-28rxb6yx.png Figure 6: Point locations for CMM evaluations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-5000-resulting-intersection-line-cross-sections-at-z1vfho3o.png Figure 14: 5000 resulting intersection line cross-sections at ends and center of intersection lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-1-uncertainty-along-intersection-line-2bp73wvm.png Figure 15: 1 Uncertainty along intersection line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-edge-distance-values-11p4o67j.png Figure 13: Edge distance values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-artifact-design-1-1mjfbjhu.png Figure 4: Artifact, design 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-potential-artifact-for-micro-cmm-calibration-7whjzwpi.png Figure 5: Potential artifact for micro-CMM calibration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-angle-between-sidewall-normal-and-top-normal-18tqkn4h.png Figure 9: Angle between sidewall normal and top normal https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-detail-of-an-escapement-wheel-from-a-rolex-watch-2mkbv2vb.png Figure 1: Detail of an escapement wheel from a Rolex watch. The inset is a scanning electron micrograph of the escapement. The scale bar on the SEM is 50 m. From [1]. https://scispace.com/papers/silicon-nanowires-for-photovoltaics-from-the-material-to-the-2mihz5shdf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-schematics-of-the-nanosphere-lithography-method-2u73v2sw.png Figure 3-1: Schematics of the nanosphere lithography method coupled with the MACE process https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-8-effect-of-oxidation-treatment-summary-of-qxy8bzfm.png Table 6-8: Effect of oxidation treatment: summary of geometrical characteristics of SiNW arrays and average value of Voc, Jsc, FF and η of corresponding coreshell heterojunction solar cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-12-schematics-of-the-band-diagram-of-a-hit-for-a-n-fuxk8y7l.png Figure 2-12: Schematics of the band diagram of a HIT for a n-type c-Si [126]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-13-a-sem-pictures-of-the-gold-etching-mask-after-1x7r1sn5.png Figure 3-13: (a) SEM pictures of the gold etching mask after the removal of the PS spheres. (b) SEM pictures of SiNWs arrays where the removal stage of PS spheres has been carried out at the last step of the process. The PS spheres are not effectively removed since they are trapped inside the nanostructure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-key-results-and-finding-on-sinws-based-solar-cells-yyk0s9z4.png Table 2-1: Key results and finding on SiNWs based Solar Cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-14-a-sem-pictures-of-a-high-density-sinws-ordered-3vjjyzdh.png Figure 3-14: (a) SEM pictures of (a) high density SiNWs ordered arrays (inclined 30°) samples with 800 nm pitch , (b) low density SiNWs ordered arrays (inclined https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-14-effect-of-c60-thickness-on-the-performance-of-v473cvmu.png Figure 7-14: Effect of C60 thickness on the performance of the solar cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-16-definition-of-the-3-different-layers-used-in-our-3u4hz4i1.png Figure 5-16: Definition of the 3 different layers used in our RCWA modeling. https://scispace.com/papers/silicon-mobilization-in-soils-the-broader-impact-of-land-use-1z3u7mk9fs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3sj8jv6j.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representation-of-the-si-dissolution-curve-and-the-5ptlll4v.png Figure 1 – Representation of the Si dissolution curve and the parameters considered in the non-linear model used : Siini is the Si concentration in time 0 after the mixture of soil and water ; Sidis is the concentration achieved in the batch experiment, and kSi is the sample reactivity. https://scispace.com/papers/silicon-on-insulator-microcavity-light-emitting-diodes-with-9gx0p30drs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulated-reflectance-spectrum-of-led-dashed-line-and-1ra4g38n.png Fig. 4. Simulated reflectance spectrum of LED (dashed line) and RCLED (solid line) on 1.3 mm thick SOI. The resonance width and (twice the) spacing are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-electroluminescence-spectrum-solid-and-dashed-curves-hlc4ukmg.png Fig. 3. Electroluminescence spectrum (solid and dashed curves) and simulated reflectance spectrum (dotted curve) of 1.3mm thick Si pn-diode without Bragg reflectors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-electroluminescence-spectrum-of-si-pn-diode-on-5-8-mm-3jwz4xpd.png Fig. 2. Electroluminescence spectrum of Si pn-diode on 5.8 mm thick SOI for different bias currents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-a-led-on-5-8-mm-thick-soi-b-rcled-3r2d70uy.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of: (a) LED on 5.8 mm thick SOI; (b) RCLED on 1.3mm thick SOI. https://scispace.com/papers/silicon-nutrition-increases-grain-yield-which-in-turn-exerts-27w5s2aztl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-effects-of-silicon-si-supply-0-or-2-mm-si-light-2f8k5cu5.png Fig. 1 The effects of silicon (Si) supply (0 or 2 mM: –Si (light grey bars) or+Si (dark grey bars), respectively) on yield components (grain yield, harvest index, panicle number, total spikelet number, percentage of filled spikelets and1000-grainweight) of two rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes (cv ‘Oochikara’ (WT)and the lsi1mutant defective for Si uptake)grown in nutrient solutions. n = 6 ± SE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-significance-of-the-anova-for-the-effects-of-20go03a0.png Table 1 Results (significance) of the ANOVA for the effects of rice (Oryza sativa) genotype (Ge), silicon (Si) and grain load (G), and their interactions, for the concentrations of Si and nitrogen, growth traits, yield-related traits and photosynthetic gas exchange parameters (net CO2 assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), substomatal CO2 concentration (Ci), chloroplastic CO2 concentration (Cc), mesophyll conductance (gm), maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax), maximum rate of carboxylation limited by electron transport (Jmax), carbon isotope composition ratio (d 13C) and total 14C uptake rate) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effects-of-silicon-si-supply-0-or-2-mm-si-or-si-24x0owkt.png Table 2 The effects of silicon (Si) supply (0 or 2 mM: –Si or +Si, respectively) and grain load (0 or full grain burden: –G and +G, respectively) on the concentrations of Si (flag leaves) and nitrogen (N; flag leaves and grains) and growth parameters (total biomass, leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA)) of two rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes (cv ‘Oochikara’ (WT) and the lsi1mutant defective for Si uptake) grown in nutrient solutions https://scispace.com/papers/silicon-on-insulator-spectrometers-with-integrated-gainassb-4rs2hkgqxj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-electro-optic-characterization-of-the-spectrometers-35uzd7eq.png Figure 2: Electro-optic characterization of the spectrometers. The curves represent the photocurrent that is obtained when 1 mW is injected in the entrance waveguide and after transmission through the waveguide spiral and PCG. The rms dark current of the respective photodetectors is indicated by the green line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-table-listing-the-planar-concave-grating-design-1eoxtk8s.png Figure 1: (a) table listing the planar concave grating design parameters (b) microscope picture of the fabricated chip https://scispace.com/papers/silicon-radiation-detectors-materials-and-applications-1sqah4qzp9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-schematic-of-a-hth1um-1on-compensated-detector-398q526n.png Fig. 8. Schematic of a Hth1um-1on compensated detector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-schematic-of-an-ion-implanted-junction-detector-2308qiib.png Fig. 7. Schematic of an Ion-implanted junction detector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-pictorial-representation-of-the-system-for-performinq-2p33xqn8.png Fig. 12. Pictorial representation of the system for performinq angiography using synchrotron radiation. https://scispace.com/papers/silicon-vacancy-color-centers-in-phosphorus-doped-diamond-3onf7ybpl4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-photoluminescence-spectra-of-siv-centers-in-the-1pcfgi3u.png Fig. 1. (a) The photoluminescence spectra of SiV centers in the region of sample A implanted with a fluence of 1012 cm−2, 1013 cm−2 and 1014 cm−2. Inset: wide-field imaging of SiV color centers implanted with 1014 cm−2. (b) The fluorescence lifetime measurement exhibits a bi-exponential decay. The short lifetime corresponds to SiV color centers and the long lifetime corresponds to temporally-correlated background. (c) The photoluminescence spectrum of SiV centers implanted with a fluence of 108 cm−2 (black curve) and background (bg) away from the implantation region (blue curve). (d) The fluorescence lifetime measurement in the region of sample A implanted with a fluence of 108 cm−2 exhibits single exponential decay with a time constant of 1.0 ns, corresponding to the excited-state lifetime of SiV color centers. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-photoluminescence-spectra-in-the-regions-of-3sgglb7h.png Fig. 2. (a) The photoluminescence spectra in the regions of sample A implanted with a fluence of 1012 cm−2, 1013 cm−2 and 1014 cm−2 using 532 nm CW laser show NV-related background. Inset: The background due to NV color centers is reduced by exciting the SiV color centers using 690 nm CW laser, as NV complexes have less absorption in this spectral range. (b) Spatially- and spectrally-resolved confocal images indicate that the NV color centers (below) are mainly created at the location where the Si-ions are implanted (top). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/silver-based-hybrid-materials-from-meta-or-para-ypb73d4mld 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-the-data-collection-for-the-samples-1-2-2t9haj1r.png Table 1: Details of the data collection for the samples 1, 2 and 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemical-structure-of-the-two-organic-precursors-3ggedhzi.png Figure 1: Chemical structure of the two organic precursors used in this study: 4- phosphonobenzoic acid (a) and 3-phosphonobenzoic acid (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-projection-along-c-of-the-single-layers-at-z-0-06-20mpfl96.png Figure 5: Projection along c of the single layers at z~0.06 and z~-0.06 for the structure of 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tga-analysis-of-materials-1-2-3-and-4-1eiskeh7.png Figure 2: TGA analysis of materials 1, 2, 3 and 4 https://scispace.com/papers/silver-chalcogenide-based-memristor-devices-33xda373u8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-charge-and-flux-of-the-device-as-calculated-by-the-qp6hx65n.png Fig. 4. Charge and flux of the device as calculated by the time integral of the 100 Hz I-V in Fig. 3. Since charge and flux are not related by a single function, the device is not an ideal memristor, strictly speaking, but is best described as a memristive device. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-applying-sequential-dc-sweeps-to-the-device-results-in-2m07yeul.png Fig. 5. Applying sequential DC sweeps to the device results in successive reduction of the device resistance. This behavior is equivalent to neurological synapses and thus a memristor can be considered an electrical synapse. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-typical-lissajous-i-v-curve-as-a-function-of-frequency-3vu9ylps.png Fig. 3. Typical Lissajous I-V curve as a function of frequency for our memristor device. At low frequencies, a pinched hysteresis curve is clear. At higher frequencies, the device behavior approaches that of a linear resistor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-memristor-device-schematic-illustrating-the-separation-18xfhd37.png Fig. 2. Memristor device schematic illustrating the separation between the doped and undoped region. The width of the doped region, w, was identified as a state variable, x, from (1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-fabricated-device-3fdka54r.png Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the fabricated device illustrating the material layers and dimensions. The unmarked layers are Ge2Se3 (10 nm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-typical-ag-chalcogenide-memristor-dc-i-v-curve-216bvwzk.png Fig. 6. Typical Ag-chalcogenide memristor DC I-V curve illustrating a negative differential resistance (NDR) region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-after-programming-a-device-resistance-will-decay-the-2jwj4s27.png Fig. 7. After programming, a device resistance will decay. The * denotes the current through the device at steady state, prior to programming. The large truncated pulse is the current through the device during programming. The read pulses following the programming show how the device resistance changes as a function of time for the given programming conditions. Each read pulse corresponds to a different pulse test on the same device. https://scispace.com/papers/silylation-of-o-h-bonds-by-catalytic-dehydrogenative-and-3d05evnmxa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-silylation-of-phenol-2-with-silyl-formate-1a-in-the-3mx6vnh0.png Figure 1. Silylation of phenol 2 with silyl formate 1a in the presence (♦ at 70 °C and ▲ at RT) or in the absence (■ at 70 °C and • at RT) of catalyst 4. https://scispace.com/papers/silver-i-binding-properties-of-organic-soil-materials-are-u1czmht0xb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-measured-circles-and-modeled-lines-solubility-of-ag-16oowf3n.png Figure 2. Measured (circles) and modeled (lines) solubility of Ag in the mor and peat suspensions with a total Ag concentration of 10 µM. Average Ag binding parameters in Table S4 and generic proton and metal binding parameters were used in the simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-silver-binding-isotherms-for-srfa-obtained-by-fcbn3mjn.png Figure 1. (a) Silver binding isotherms for SRFA obtained by titrating 10-4 M AgNO3 with 4.0 or 2.0 g L-1 FA solutions at pH 4.0 or 8.0; black line model fit for the SRFA (Table S4), and (b) a comparison of this data with the results from the study by Chen et al. (2012). ISE denotes ion selective electrode, IE is ion exchange equilibrium method and EQD is equilibrium dialysis. The black solid lines are fits obtained with the average binding parameters in Table S4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-silver-k-edge-xanes-spectra-of-mor-freeze-dried-and-1p4ygity.png Figure 5. Silver K-edge XANES spectra of mor (freeze dried) and peat samples (fresh and freeze dried); black solid line. Experimental condition for mor sample 0.023 mol Al kg-1 soil, and for peat sample 0.037 mol Al kg-1 soil. The spectra of hydrated Ag+, ammonia solvated Ag+, and Ag(I) thiosulfate complex are given as references (refs). The red solid lines represent modeled spectra assuming 50% O and 50% N contribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-concentrations-of-doc-and-specific-uv-absorbance-at-2whjv1p7.png Figure 4. Concentrations of DOC and specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA) in the silver binding experiments with the mor sample at pH 2.5 and 4.0, in suspensions with and without 1000 µM aluminum(III) or iron(III). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-silver-binding-isotherms-for-mor-and-peat-samples-1cf68yox.png Figure 3. Silver binding isotherms for mor and peat samples obtained at pH 2.5 and 4.0, in suspensions with and without 1000 µM iron(III) or aluminum(III). The lines represent model fits using the average binding parameters for silver(I) in Table S4; solid line “only Ag+”, dashed line “Ag+ plus Al(III)”, dotted line “Ag+ plus Fe(III)”. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-speciation-of-sulfur-compounds-in-mor-peat-and-srfa-nkyvjt3v.png Table 1. Speciation of sulfur compounds in mor, peat and SRFA samples using sulfur Kedge XANES spectroscopy. Calibration was made according to the procedure described in Almkvist et al.34. Spectra and model fits are shown in Figure S4. Fresh samples were analyzed field moist and dried samples were dried at room temperature (c. 22 °C) prior to analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/silver-columnar-thin-film-based-half-wavelength-antennas-for-3hga38jk62 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-top-view-of-field-effect-scanning-electron-201q56xd.png FIG. 1. a) Top view of field-effect scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) image of Ag CTF on silicon substrate. b) Top view of FESEM image of Ag CTF on 500-nm PR grating. The inset shows the cross-sectional view. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-schematic-diagram-of-silver-ctf-with-nd-on-the-tip-3n8fgap3.png FIG. 7. a) Schematic diagram of silver CTF with ND on the tip of nanocolumn. (b)Top radiated power of point electric dipole in nanodiamond placed near the tip of nanocolumns with different length for three orthogonal dipole orientations. Top radiated power with respect to dipole orientation in the XZ-plane c) when the dipole was placed near the tip of nanocolumn with 400-nm length and d) when dipole placed on the glass substrate. (e) Absolute value of the normalized electric field as a function of wavelength calculated at a point close to the tip of the nanorod. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-nv-centers-spectrum-obtained-from-our-nd-samples-at-3vfeelo5.png FIG. 4. a) NV centers spectrum obtained from our ND samples, at room temperature. b, c) Confocal images of the fluorescence emission from ND-NV centers over an area of 20 µm × 20 µm on a glass substrate (b) and when placed on the Ag CTF 500-nm grating sample (c). The confocal scan of a single emitting ND is shown in the top inset of both Figs. over an area of 2 µm × 2 µm. The bottom inset shows the image intensity along the dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-diagram-of-the-experimental-setup-of-the-392l34dm.png FIG. 3. Schematic diagram of the experimental setup of the confocal fluorescence microscope. NF 532 nm − notch filter to cut off the 532-nm excitation light. APD − avalanche photodiode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-statistical-distributions-of-the-computed-top-radiated-860k3ox0.png FIG. 8. Statistical distributions of the computed top radiated powers of a point dipole with a nanodiamond placed on different samples: a) on a glass substrate, b) on silver film, c) on a 700-nm silver grating, and d) on periodically-patterned Ag CTF with a period of 700 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-color-plot-of-the-x-component-of-the-electric-field-1qi1vhws.png FIG. 9. a) Color plot of the x-component of the electric field along with streamlines showing the Poynting vector (power flow) of a radiating dipole in an ND sphere placed on the silver CTF. b) Corresponding quantities for the dipole in an ND placed on the glass substrate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-statistical-distribution-of-the-experimentally-3nwsbyii.png FIG. 5. Statistical distribution of the experimentally measured powers from NV centers in ND placed on different surfaces: on a glass substrate (a), on a plain silver film (b), on 600-nm silver grating (c), on unpatterned silver CTF (d), and on periodically patterned silver CTF with the period from 500 nm to 800 nm (e–h), respectively. c̄ − mean value. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-polar-plots-of-far-field-radiation-intensity-patterns-fbs8vfj2.png FIG. 10. Polar plots of far-field radiation intensity patterns: when an electric point dipole was placed on a glass substrate with orientation along the x-direction and z-direction, respectively (a, b); with orientations along the x-, y- and z-directions respectively when placed on the tip of nanocolumnar where nanorod was oriented in XZ-plane (c–e). For comparison, subfigures (a) to (d) are plotted on the same scale. However, due to the relatively higher magnitude of radiation intensities for sub-figure (e), it is plotted on a higher scale. https://scispace.com/papers/silylcarboxylic-acids-as-bifunctional-reagents-application-2pql7j1kb5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mechanistic-hypothesis-for-the-carbonylative-cross-1w1dia4y.png Figure 1 Mechanistic hypothesis for the carbonylative cross-coupling. https://scispace.com/papers/silylene-transfer-to-carbonyl-compounds-and-subsequent-4bxr0f977m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-anisotropic-displacement-parameters-a2x-103-for-15a-1zepekov.png Table 4. Anisotropic displacement parameters (Å2x 103) for 15b. The anisotropic https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-anisotropic-displacement-parameters-a2x-103-for-15b-346gk10y.png Table 4. Anisotropic displacement parameters (Å2x 103) for 15b. The anisotropic https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-torsion-angles-deg-for-15b-1j4azgfp.png Table 6. Torsion angles [°] for 15b. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-crystal-data-and-structure-refinement-for-15b-1qn167qg.png Table 1. Crystal data and structure refinement for 15b. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bond-lengths-a-and-angles-deg-for-15a-15uxrxk3.png Table 3. Bond lengths [Å] and angles [°] for 15a. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-torsion-angles-deg-for-15a-1car83oq.png Table 6. Torsion angles [°] for 15b. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-atomic-coordinates-x-104-and-equivalent-isotropic-1jxmweu5.png Table 2. Atomic coordinates ( x 104) and equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2x 103) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-atomic-coordinates-x-104-and-equivalent-isotropic-20k4vs8f.png Table 2. Atomic coordinates ( x 104) and equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2x 103) https://scispace.com/papers/simav-kutahya-depremlerinin-jeotermal-sistemlerdeki-3ezyq3xq56 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-map-of-study-area-2w4nbyqu.png Figure 1. Location map of study area https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-seismicity-of-study-area-and-surroundings-may-2010-yo79mnnp.png Figure 4. Seismicity of study area and surroundings (May 2010-April 2013) (M>3 earthquakes) (www.deprem.gov.tr) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-major-ion-concentration-of-thermal-water-in-nasa-3i7z5ay0.png Table 4. Major ion concentration of thermal water in Naşa Geothermal Field https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-piper-and-schoeller-diagrams-of-eynal-thermal-water-373z7rlx.png Figure 9. Piper and Schoeller diagrams of Eynal thermal water https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sructural-damages-after-simav-earthquake-a-b-c-and-2ubfnf77.png Figure 5. Sructural damages after Simav earthquake (a, b, c) and surface rupture (d) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-nasa-geothermal-field-n-1-drilling-3cxul8iu.png Figure 8. Naşa Geothermal Field (N-1 Drilling) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-so4-2-ve-cl-ion-concentration-changes-connected-2k7jl1e6.png Figure 12. SO4 -2 ve Cl- ion concentration changes connected with seismicity 1. 19 May 2011 earthquake (M=5.9) 2. 27 June 2011 earthquake (M=5.0) 3. 03 May 2012 earthquake (M=5.4) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-piper-and-schoeller-diagrams-of-citgol-thermal-2uixdogo.png Figure 11. Piper and Schoeller diagrams of Çitgöl thermal water https://scispace.com/papers/sim-one-do-one-teach-one-considerations-in-designing-r09hnf44wb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mistels-tasks-25ewysat.png Figure 2: MISTELS tasks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mistels-simulator-setup-26ya514u.png Figure 1: MISTELS simulator setup https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-flow-of-participants-i8ajglri.png Figure 3: Flow of participants https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-curve-fitting-technique-for-describing-the-learning-1mu1qcv9.png Figure 4: Curve fitting technique for describing the learning curve https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pilot-study-results-peg-transfer-training-affects-1kf8f20i.png Table 3: Pilot study results - Peg transfer training affects initial intracorporeal suturing score, learning plateau and rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effects-of-peg-transfer-overtraining-on-skill-mzags1f6.png Table 2: Effects of peg transfer overtraining on skill retention https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-akaike-information-criterion-aic-sums-for-the-3o73h94c.png Table 4: Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) sums for the intracorporeal suturing task https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-characteristics-360jnstv.png Table 1: Participant characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/sim-watchdog-leveraging-temporal-similarity-for-anomaly-4jso3s1710 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rank-based-similarity-measures-for-biased-36kd58em.png Figure 4. Rank-based similarity measures (for biased overlapping, the step size h is 10) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distribution-based-similarity-measures-190lqbhg.png Figure 5. Distribution-based similarity measures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-performance-of-sim-watchdog-1ebzf4jm.png Figure 3. Performance of Sim-Watchdog https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-aggregation-based-similarity-measures-1hz9eiyj.png Figure 6. Aggregation-based similarity measures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-email-dataset-description-3snggmaa.png Figure 2. Email dataset description https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-selected-similarity-measures-2upzvj8p.png Table I SELECTED SIMILARITY MEASURES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-architecture-of-sim-watchdog-3q6m8ais.png Figure 1. Architecture of Sim-Watchdog https://scispace.com/papers/similarities-among-ectoparasite-fauna-of-sigmodontine-qib51vg8k5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relationship-between-the-divergence-time-and-the-2qip6dv5.png Fig. 4. Relationship between the divergence time and the proportion of total shared ectoparasite species (Mesostigmata and Siphonaptera). The filled circles correspond to the mean Jaccard’s index (βj), whereas the bar represents the mean deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relationship-between-the-divergence-time-and-the-fvq9efws.png Fig. 5. Relationship between the divergence time and the proportion of shared Siphonaptera ectoparasite species. The filled circles correspond to the mean Jaccard’s index (βj), whereas the bar represents the mean deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-partial-mantel-test-results-of-shared-2ddudfxn.png Table 1. Summary of the partial Mantel test results of shared ectoparasites (βj) versus the divergence time and geographical overlap for each subset of ectoparasite https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-distribution-of-flea-species-richness-on-rodent-3d2b4j21.png Fig. 3. The distribution of flea species richness on rodent hosts. (Hosts: Am, Akodon montensis; As, Akodon serrensis; Ns, Nectomys squamipes; Ac, Akodon cursor; On, Oligoryzomys nigripes; Od, Oxymycterus dasytrichus; Ds, Delomys sublineatus; Oj, Oxymycterus judex; Tn, Thaptomys nigrita; Er, Euryoryzomys russatus; Nl, Necromys lasiurus; Rm, Rhipidomys mastacalis; Sa, Sooretamys angouya; Dd, Delomys dorsalis and Jp, Juliomys pictipes). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-frequency-distribution-of-std-values-among-3t6rtbgc.png Fig. 1. Frequency distribution of STD values among mesostigmate mite and flea species parasitic on sigmodontine rodents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-distribution-of-mite-species-richness-on-rodent-2c06kmwd.png Fig. 2. The distribution of mite species richness on rodent hosts. (Hosts: On, Oligoryzomys nigripes; Ns, Nectomys squamipes; Am, Akodon montensis; Nl, Necromys lasiurus; Er, Euryoryzomys russatus; Jp, Juliomys pictipes; Od, Oxymycterus dasytrichus; As, Akodon serrensis; Dd, Delomys dorsalis; Ds, Delomys sublineatus; Of, Oligoryzomys flavescens; Ac, Akodon cursor; Cs, Cerradomys suflavus; Hm, Hylaeamys megacephalus; Oj, Oxymycterus judex; and Tn, Thaptomys nigrita). https://scispace.com/papers/similar-sensorimotor-transformations-control-balance-during-qhoxiy3k2f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-perturbed-standing-data-from-26-here-we-show-the-2g2vcmes.png Fig 3. Perturbed standing (data from [26]). Here we show the relation between COM kinematics and ankle moment (A-C) and the relation between ankle kinematics and ankle moment (D-F) 150ms after perturbation onset. Each dot represents a single perturbation trial with a platform translation in forward (blue) or backward (red) direction with different magnitudes (color tint). A feedback model based on delayed COM position (A) and velocity (B) feedback can explain 94% of the variance in ankle moment (C) in response to support surface translations in forward and backward directions of different magnitudes. The linear feedback model based on angle angle (D) and angular velocity (E) explained only 21% of the variance in ankle moment (F). When analysing the data for each subject individually in the COM feedback model (G-J), we found that gastrocnemius and soleus activity increased with forward COM velocity and tibialis anterior activity increased with backward COM velocity. Each dot in graphs (G-J) represents a single perturbation trial of a selected subject. Note that the electromyography data was analysed for individual subjects instead of pooled over all subjects due to the limitations related to normalizing electromyography data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-continuous-treadmill-perturbations-walking-data-from-3dlat1u8.png Fig 8. Continuous treadmill perturbations walking (data from [27]). The COM position (A) and velocity (B) feedback gains describing the reactive ankle joint moment depend on the walking speed. Both the position and velocity gains decrease with increasing walking speed. R2 values decrease and RMSE increase with increasing walking speed, indicating a worse fit of the feedback model as walking speed increases. The errorbars and lines represent the average and standard deviation of the fit for individual subjects, the dots represent the results from the analysis based on pooled data over all subjects. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-continuous-treadmill-perturbations-walking-data-from-2zgl39in.png Fig 7. Continuous treadmill perturbations walking (data from [27]). Representative example of the relation between ankle joint moment and COM position and velocity in walking with continuous changes in the speed of both belts. The different columns in the plots are time bins equally spaced during the stance phase of walking. The colored dots represent the different strides of this subjects (with the color tint representing the deviation in COM position), the slopes of the green green lines are the resulting position and velocity gains from the least squares regressions. The change in slope of the green lines show the phase-dependency of the linear regression between COM position and velocity and the ankle moment during perturbed walking. Note that we show the total joint moment and muscle activity and not only the deviation from the average unperturbed data in each gait phase. This to indicate if a specific muscle is active, or the magnitude of a joint moment, in the gait phase during unperturbed walking. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-position-and-velocity-gains-computed-in-the-dataset-3nsv8f84.png Fig 10. Position and velocity gains computed in the dataset with perturbed standing (green [26]), walking with discrete (blue [10]) and continuous(red [27]) surface perturbations and discrete pelvis push perturbations (purple [9]). The feedback gains for walking are presented as a function of the percentage of the stance phase. Note that the percentage in the stance phase represents the phase at which the feedback model was evaluated (i.e. 250 ms after perturbation onset). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-perturbed-standing-data-from-26-rmse-and-r2-values-309xtx6s.png Table 1. Perturbed standing (data from [26]). RMSE and R2 values of the reconstruction of the ankle joint moment and calf muscle activity in perturbed standing with COM feedback or ankle joint kinematics feedback. Joint moments are reported pooled over all subjects (Pooled) and for individual subjects (Subj.) with the standard deviation over subjects (std). P-values are reported of the paired ttest that compares the model with COM feedback and the model with ankle joint kinematics feedback. The results for muscle activity are only reported for individuals and not pooled over all subjects due to the limitations related to normalizing electromyography data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-discrete-treadmill-perturbations-walking-data-from-17-1mlxs4em.png Fig 6. Discrete treadmill perturbations walking (data from [17]). Representative example of the relation between deviations in delayed center of mass velocity and reactive joint moments (row 1) and activity of the tibialis anterior (row 2), soleus (row 3) and gastrocnemius (row 4) in response to perturbations during walking. Perturbations were applied at four instances during the stance phase of the left leg resulting in eight responses at joint level when combining data of the left and right leg (e.g. right leg is in swing during mid-stance of the left leg). Unperturbed walking is visualised in gray, increases in belt speed (i.e. forward fall) in red and decrease in belt speed in blue (i.e. backward fall). Note that the total joint moment and muscle activity rather than the deviation from the average unperturbed data is shown here to also provide information on the muscle activity and joint moments during unperturbed walking. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pelvis-push-perturbations-walking-data-from-9-reactive-1k77i5cd.png Fig 4. Pelvis push perturbations walking (data from [9]). Reactive ankle moment as a function of the deviation in COM position (A) and velocity (B) from the average reference trajectory during unperturbed walking (gray dots), in response to backward perturbations (blue dots) and forward perturbations (red dots). Least squares regression was used to estimate the position (Kp) and velocity (Kv) feedback gains, i.e. slope of green lines (A and B). The uncentered correlation coefficient (R2) and RMSE is represented in pane D by plotting the measured ankle moment as a function of the reconstructed moment based on COM kinematics. In the same dataset, a similar relation between reactive ankle moment and deviation in ankle joint angle (E) and velocity (F) was evaluated. Ankle moments reconstructed using COM kinematics (D) were more similar to the measured data than ankle moments reconstructed using ankle kinematics (G). There strong correlation between delayed COM velocity and the ankle moment (H) is also reflected in changes in tibialis anterior activity (I) and gastrocnemius activity (J). tibialis anterior activity increases with negative COM velocity (i.e. blue regression line), and gastrocnemius activity increased with positive deviation in COM velocity (i.e. red regression line). Note that a representative example was selected for the muscle activity (H-J) rather than visualizing data pooled over all subjects, since this is only possible for the ankle moment and not for muscle activity due to the limitations related to normalization of electromyography data. This is data of walking at 0.6 m/s with the data pooled over all subjects. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-datasets-and-hypotheses-we-answered-three-1kddornu.png Fig 1. Overview datasets and hypotheses. We answered three research questions related to sensorimotor transformations underlying balance control by combining four previously published datasets with motion capture data of unperturbed and perturbed standing and walking. We used data of surface perturbation in standing [26] and walking [9, 10, 27] to evaluate if the ankle strategy is related to deviations in COM kinematics. Balance was perturbed during walking using both discrete and continuous surface perturbations [10, 27] and discrete pelvis push perturbations [9]. The potential modulation of feedback gains during the gait cycle was evaluated using a dataset with continuous surface perturbations during walking [27] and a dataset with perturbations applied at discrete instances of the gait cycle [10]. Finally, we used data with discrete surface translations in standing and walking to evaluate if altered sensorimotor transformations can explain the adjusted kinematic strategies to control balance observed in older adults. In all these experiments combined, joint kinematics and ground reaction forces were measured in 41 young subjects in total. https://scispace.com/papers/similarities-and-differences-in-optimization-of-water-and-4sk4rv4ydf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparisons-of-speed-convergence-for-presented-185xikik.png Figure 3. Comparisons of speed convergence for presented method in this paper https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-method-m-m-andrijashev-for-gas-network-from-figure-1-vmvwtk7y.png Table 3. Method M.M. Andrijashev for gas network from Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-final-flows-for-network-presented-in-this-paper-7ox7zijz.png Table 4. Final flows for network presented in this paper https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-calculation-after-the-node-method-for-gas-network-n0oz74sa.png Table 3. Method M.M. Andrijashev for gas network from Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-pipeline-network-with-loops-e1f556ug.png Figure 1. Example of pipeline network with loops https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-pipeline-network-with-loops-from-figure-14lthf2q.png Figure 2. Example of pipeline network with loops from Figure 1 adjusted for node method https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hardy-cross-calculation-for-gas-network-from-figure-2xofbji8.png Table 1. Hardy Cross calculation for gas network from Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hardy-cross-calculation-for-water-network-from-f0hrm8yb.png Table 2. Hardy Cross calculation for water network from Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/similarity-based-competition-in-relative-clause-production-5e7l0jaozd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correlations-between-similarity-and-the-proportion-1erqxg4i.png Figure 4: Correlations between similarity and the proportion of animate-head passives produced in Study 1 (left panel) and the response times to animate-head actives in comprehension in Study 2 (right panel). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fixation-proportions-on-scene-entities-averaged-13jnlik5.png Figure 5: Fixation proportions on scene entities averaged over 500ms windows every 200ms as a function of time. Fixations are synchronized to the onset of the critical word in the questions up to the average speech onset time in each condition. Questions queried either an animate or inanimate target entity (e.g., who is bald/what is orange? For Figure 1, left panel). Inanimate-head actives and passives are collapsed together. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-correlation-between-the-agent-target-similarity-1bofketa.png Figure 8: Correlation between the agent-target similarity ratings and the log likelihood of fixating the agent during verb encoding, i.e., while the head noun is being uttered. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-average-proportion-of-trials-fixated-on-scene-16xuiy8v.png Figure 7: Average proportion of trials fixated on scene entities as critical phrases were uttered. Error bars indicate standard error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-response-times-in-study-2-as-a-function-of-animacy-14dwv273.png Figure 3: Response times in Study 2 as a function of animacy and structure condition. Error bars represent standard errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-production-and-comprehension-trials-in-38cv6uje.png Figure 2: Examples of production and comprehension trials in Study 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-average-proportion-of-trials-with-fixations-to-gwvh2arn.png Figure 6: Average proportion of trials with fixations to scene entities within 1000ms before the onset of the head noun referring to the animate or inanimate target entity. Error bars indicate standard error. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-accuracy-results-from-study-2-agocq1oy.png Table 2: Accuracy results from Study 2 https://scispace.com/papers/similarity-comparison-of-equality-and-verbal-manner-2ggipcxyig 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-east-futunan-demonstratives-2te1gibi.png Table 1: East Futunan demonstratives https://scispace.com/papers/similitude-and-scale-effects-of-air-entrainment-in-hydraulic-h5i9lv65rs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effects-of-reynolds-number-on-dimensionless-baszgwv2.png Figure 5 Effects of Reynolds number on dimensionless distributions of void fraction and bubble count rate for three inflow Froude numbers Fr1 = V1/√g ∗ d1. (A) Small flume data, W = 0.25 m, x − x1 = 0.15 m. (A1) Void fraction distributions (comparison with Eq. (4)). (A2) Bubble count rate distributions. (B) Large flume data, W = 0.5 m, x − x1 = 0.3 m. (B1) Void fraction distributions (comparison with Eq. (4)). (B2) Bubble count rate distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-definition-sketch-of-hydraulic-jump-with-partially-2noftuaa.png Figure 1 Definition sketch of hydraulic jump with partially-developed inflow conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-high-speed-photographs-of-hydraulic-jump-fr1-6-5-a-5cnux1iz.png Figure 2 High-speed photographs of hydraulic jump (Fr1 = 6.5) (A) Hydraulic jump in the small flume (inflow conditions: Fr1 = 6.5, Re1 = 2.7E + 4, V1 = 2.2 m/s, d1 = 0.012 m,W = 0.25 m) flow from left to right (shutter speed: 1/500 s). (B) Hydraulic jump in the large flume (inflow conditions: Fr1 = 6.5, Re1 = 7.1E + 4, V1 = 3.1 m/s, d1 = 0.023 m,W = 0.5 m) flow from left to right (shutter speed: 1/500 s). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-longitudinal-variations-of-maximum-void-fractions-1gqqsrgo.png Figure 6 Longitudinal variations of maximum void fractions and bubble count rates in the advective diffusion layer of hydraulic jump with partially-developed inflow. (A) Maximum void fraction Cmax: experimental data (present study, Chanson and Brattberg, 2000) Trendlines are shown in dotted lines. (B) Maximum dimensionless bubble count rate Fmax ∗ d1/V : comparison between experimental data (present study, Chanson and Brattberg, 2000) and Eq. (5) for Fr1 = 5 and 8.5. (C) Location of the maximum air content YCmax/d1 in hydraulic jumps with partially developed inflow conditions: comparison between data (present study, Murzyn et al., 2005; Chanson and Brattberg, 2000; Chanson, 1995; Thandasvewara, 1974) and Eq. (6). (D) Location of the maximum bubble count rate YFmax/d1 in hydraulic jumps with partially developed inflow conditions: comparison between data (present study, Chanson and Brattberg, 2000) and Eq. (7). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-experimental-flow-conditions-qouxi63h.png Table 1 Summary of experimental flow conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hydraulic-jump-toe-fluctuations-relationship-1on13bho.png Figure 3 Hydraulic jump toe fluctuations: relationship between Strouhal and Reynolds numbers (comparison with the data of Long et al. (1991) and Mossa and Tolve (1998)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dimensionless-distributions-of-void-fraction-and-2w50o9y1.png Figure 4 Dimensionless distributions of void fraction and bubble count rate −Fr1 = 8.6, Re1 = 9.8E + 4, d1 = 0.024 m, x1 = 1.0 m, W = 0.50 m, x− x1 = 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 m. (A) Void fraction distributions (comparison with Eq. (4)). (B) Bubble count rate distributions. https://scispace.com/papers/simple-accurate-regression-based-forecasting-of-intensive-1migknd0fa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regression-model-predicting-weekly-icu-admissions-in-2rl2dihy.png Table 1. Regression Model Predicting Weekly ICU Admissions in Ontario, Canada at a 2-Week Lag https://scispace.com/papers/simone-weil-s-spiritual-critique-of-modern-science-an-sptdu5pyk0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-distance-between-the-origin-and-point-p-in-diagram-27nz15zm.png Fig. 1. The distance between the origin and point P in diagram (a) is invariant. Similarly, the space-time “interval” between the event at the origin and event P in diagram (b) is invariant. https://scispace.com/papers/simple-approximation-algorithms-and-ptass-for-various-2zl73irnmz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-left-the-intersection-tu-di-is-bounded-from-below-dt29rvdh.png Fig. 3. Left: The intersection Tu ∩ Di is bounded from below. Right: The number of independent disks which cover any point x is bounded by 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-examples-for-the-associated-edges-and-the-active-disks-cpapcw1g.png Fig. 8. Examples for the associated edges and the active disks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-active-disks-and-a-vertex-cover-shaded-disks-for-a-0-1ilh6d4c.png Fig. 9. Active disks and a vertex cover (shaded disks) for a 0-square in disk graph model. Here the transmission disks are not drawn for simplicity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-non-independence-in-different-graph-models-the-shaded-373cfv73.png Fig. 5. Non-independence in different graph models. The shaded disks represent the transmission regions and the non-shaded disks represent the interference regions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-there-are-at-most-a-constant-number-of-independent-3bcrlfry.png Fig. 7. There are at most a constant number of independent interference disks of level at most j, intersecting a j-square S in MG (left) and CG (right). Only the interference disks are drawn. The transmission disks are omitted. Here k = 3 and the largest square is j-square. The smaller dashed squares are (j + 1)-squares. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-twelve-independent-neighbors-are-removed-by-u-in-dg-5q4vcuw1.png Fig. 4. Twelve independent neighbors are removed by u in DG and IG models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-interference-happens-at-node-v-when-the-transmission-2v7cg1dp.png Fig. 1. Interference happens at node v when the transmission region (denoted by the shaded disk) of node w intersects with the interference region of node u. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-an-optimum-solution-for-a-0-square-when-disk-graph-z9rx1wjx.png Fig. 6. An optimum solution for a 0-square when disk graph model is used and tv = rv for each node v. https://scispace.com/papers/simple-and-effective-models-to-predict-the-compressive-and-luu7n176g3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-effect-of-l-d-e-ratio-and-vf-on-sed-3o348htz.png Fig. 10. Effect of l d/ e ratio and Vf on SED. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-correlation-between-predicted-and-measured-fc-sf-r3ehtvau.png Fig. 11. a) Correlation between predicted and measured fc SF, values, b) Correlation between predicted and measured fc HF, values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-correlation-between-predicted-and-measured-frt-sf-3t1su3uc.png Fig. 13. a) Correlation between predicted and measured frt SF, values, b) Correlation between predicted and measured frt HF, values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-zone-monitored-in-red-on-the-sample-in-the-direct-va69v9hr.png Fig. 3. Zone monitored (in red) on the sample in the direct tensile test. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mix-design-of-hpc-2j21as8a.png Table 2 Mix design of HPC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sample-dimensions-a-cube-sample-b-dog-bone-sample-1oq68x68.png Fig. 2. Sample dimensions: a) cube sample, b) dog-bone sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-models-of-residual-tensile-strength-3jq3zwf1.png Fig. 16. Models of residual tensile strength. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-comparison-between-compressive-strength-models-2rp4mt5c.png Fig. 17. Comparison between compressive strength models. https://scispace.com/papers/simple-and-multiple-cross-hedging-of-millfeeds-3wbh0v4buo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-kansas-city-millfeed-target-prices-equations-for-2e9a0gj6.png Table II. Kansas City Millfeed Target Prices Equations for Simple Cross-Hedging Using Corn Futures and Multiple Cross-Hedging Using Corn and Soybean Meal Futuresa https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-simulated-kansas-cit-y-millfeed-cr-oss-sla853ok.png Table I. Summary of Simulated Kansas Cit y Millfeed Cr oss-Hedges https://scispace.com/papers/simple-benchtop-approach-to-polymer-brush-nanostructures-54w338u2cz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-chemical-scheme-and-conditions-for-metal-free-1kgwefg6.png Figure 1. (a) Chemical scheme and conditions for metal-free ATRP using α-bromoisobutyrate-based initiator-functionalized silicon substrates. (b) Illustration of surface-initiated, metal-free ATRP (c) Plot of brush height as a function of irradiation time using varied light intensities in the benchtop chamber. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-metal-free-si-atrp-preparation-of-uniform-diblock-3l4571re.png Figure 2. (a) Metal-free SI-ATRP preparation of uniform diblock copolymers via chain extension of PMMA, with brush heights measured by optical reflectometry. (b) X-ray reflectivity (XRR) data illustrate an increase in film thickness from the initial block. Raw data and fitting are shown in the inset. (c) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) plots show the emergence of characteristic signals of covalently bound fluorine found in the PTFEMA block. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-schematic-of-pmtema-b-ptfema-patterned-surfaces-b-coeomlzl.png Figure 5. (a) Schematic of PMTEMA-b-PTFEMA patterned surfaces. (b) Dynamic secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) image of patterned fluorine signal from PTFEMA. (c) SIMS image of patterned sulfur signal from PMTEMA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-atr-ftir-showing-the-emergence-of-the-carbonyl-5k69xxzr.png Figure 6. (a) ATR-FTIR showing the emergence of the carbonyl signal at 1725 cm−1 for PMMA-functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles versus bare and initiator-functionalized particles. (b) TEM of bare SiO2 nanoparticles. (c) TEM image of PMMA-functionalized core− shell SiO2 nanoparticles. (d) Magnification of PMMA-functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles (scale bars are 200 nm unless otherwise noted). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-photograph-of-large-area-patterning-in-a-single-28hgdj08.png Figure 4. (a) Photograph of large area patterning in a single step of a four-inch wafer using a binary photomask. (b) Optical micrographs of patterned arbitrary features. Scale bars are 200 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-binary-photomasks-enable-one-step-patterning-b-befib098.png Figure 3. (a) Binary photomasks enable one-step patterning. (b) Optical micrograph of micron-scale line features (2−10 μm). (c) AFM image of 1 μm features and (d) corresponding AFM height profile. (e) Polymerization using sunlight and (f) optical micrograph of patterned 2 μm features (see SI for setup). https://scispace.com/papers/simple-circuit-of-linear-optics-logic-gates-57w8wi5n1b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-experimental-data-demonstrating-the-dependence-of-1y8ylnj5.png Figure 4. Experimental data demonstrating the dependence of the circuit on quantum interference effects. For this data, the input state was chosen to be |0, 0, 1〉. (a) shows the output obtained by temporarily interrupting the circuit after XOR1. The data shows the number of two-fold coincidence counts (per 60 seconds) as a function of the relative arrival time of photons 1 and 2 at PBS1. The solid points correspond to a logical output of |0〉 while the open circles correspond to the logical output value |1〉. The data was fit to Gaussian envelope function with a visibility of 96%. (b) shows the output of the entire circuit. This data shows the number of three-photon coincidence counts (per 1200 seconds) as a function of the relative delay imposed on input photon 3. Here the solid points correspond to a logical output of |1〉 while the open circles correspond to the logical output value |0〉. The data was fit to Gaussian envelope with a visibility of 73%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-experimental-results-demonstrating-a-logical-truth-35f9qtfw.png Figure 5. Experimental results demonstrating a logical “truth table” of the circuit. For each of the eight possible combinations of input basis-states, the data shows the number of three-fold coincidence counts per 1200 seconds obtained with θ3 corresponding to the output values |0〉 and |1〉. The average visibility of the eight pairs of data points was 61.8%, which corresponds to an overall circuit error rate of roughly 19%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-a-circuit-of-two-linear-optics-based-1kq467ju.png Figure 1. Overview of a circuit of two linear-optics-based probabilistic exclusive-OR gates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-data-demonstrating-the-ability-of-the-circuit-to-25st18ea.png Figure 6. Data demonstrating the ability of the circuit to produce coherent output when one of the input qubits is not a basis-state value. The data shows the number of three-fold coincidence counts (per 1200 seconds) as a function of the output analyzer θ3 setting relative to |0〉. (a) shows the results obtained when the three input qubits were in the state |15o, 0, 1〉 while (b) shows the results obtained for the input state |15o, 1, 1〉. In each case, the solid lines are sinusoidal fits to the data. The slight shift away from the expected output polarization state (|75o〉 in (a), |15o〉 in (b)) was primarily due to small uncompensated birefringences in the optical fibers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-overview-of-a-periodic-source-of-single-photons-12rc4gud.png Figure 7. Overview of a periodic source of single-photons based on stored parametric down-conversion.18, 19 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-implementation-of-a-probabilistic-xor-gate-for-32aymt5b.png Figure 2. Implementation of a probabilistic XOR gate for single-photon qubits using a single polarizing beam splitter (PBS).9 The dashed-box inset shows the polarization conventions used throughout the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-experimental-apparatus-used-to-demonstrate-the-1q5xbc4c.png Figure 3. Experimental apparatus used to demonstrate the fiber-based circuit of two probabilistic XOR gates. The two XOR gates are represented by the two shaded regions, and the three input photons were derived from a parametric down-conversion source and a weak coherent state pulse. Additional details and symbols are described in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/simple-ears-inspire-frequency-agility-in-an-engineered-1loo48ncu9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-a-tympanic-like-auditory-system-e-g-moth-x5lg3v9n.png Fig. 1 – Overview of a tympanic-like auditory system (e.g. moth) showing transmission and transduction of acoustic signals into electrical information which is then processed and fed back by the brain to enhance peripheral conditioning and signal processing such as tuning. Redrawn and adapted from [21]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-diagram-overview-of-the-feedback-control-system-used-26pikdx8.png Fig. 3 – Diagram overview of the feedback control system used to implement the concept of a frequency agile transducer [16]. Where is the reference signal used to provide a processing response of the feedback system and represents the control signal used to alter the frequency response of the front-end transducer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-results-showing-dynamic-frequency-adaptations-given-3frj11kx.png Fig. 14 – Results showing dynamic frequency adaptations given by the embedded system presenting time ( 25 ) and amplitude ( 0.5V) dependencies (recall Fig. 10 for comparison). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-a-comsol-simulation-showing-the-frequency-response-of-24o8waq2.png Fig. 12 – (A) COMSOL simulation showing the frequency response of the modeled transducer, presenting 3 resonant modes between 2 - 12kHz. (B) Frequency response of the transducer measured with LDV, showing 2 resonant modes between 2 - 5kHz related to outlined central point (#50) over the membrane (recall Fig. 4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-ldv-measurements-while-providing-dc-voltages-over-the-ishynbm4.png Fig. 13 – LDV measurements while providing DC voltages over the PZT terminals: (A) 1st resonant mode of the Kapton membrane while providing different tensions (driving voltages); (B) Approximation to a quasi-linear shifting of the natural resonance frequency - 38 @ 5 , that shows a favorable match with the theoretical model of the front-end transducer (recall Fig. 7 for comparison with the theoretical model). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tympanic-membrane-tuning-responses-in-the-moth-noctua-399nlrui.png Fig. 2 – Tympanic membrane tuning responses in the moth Noctua pronuba. (A) Microscale ear of N. pronuba. (B) Mechanical response (red trace) of the tympanic membrane to bat-like incoming sounds (blue trace). (C) Frequency response of the tympanic membrane for low intensity stimulus (green trace) showing tuning at , and for high intensity stimulus (orange trace) showing tuning at . Redrawn and adapted with kind permission from [22]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-3d-view-of-the-acoustic-transducer-built-with-a-6haogdjv.png Fig. 4 – (A) 3D view of the acoustic transducer built with a Kapton membrane (50μm thick) and a PZT stack (length=18mm; height=3mm; width=3mm). (B) Top view of the transducer outlining a central point over the Kapton membrane (#50). Side view of the transducer illustrating the polarity of displacement when the membrane is driven by sound and also the stretching direction which the PZT stack can provide to alter the behavior of the sensor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-diagram-of-the-adapting-control-system-3jy95x0l.png Fig. 5 – Schematic diagram of the “Adapting Control System” algorithm. Where s represents the output signal of the system (recall Fig. 3) which is fed into the feedback pathway of signal processing; r represents the halfwave rectifier output signal; k shows the capacitive outcome from the mechanoreceptor cells charging effect; c represents the on-off neuronal response (threshold dependent comparison) which is then smoothed ( ) in order to provide a progressive control of the transducer's resonance frequency adaptation. and represent the time factors of 〈 〉 and 〈 〉 blocks, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/simple-inhibitors-of-histone-deacetylase-activity-that-mgogh9aswo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structures-of-known-hdac-inhibitors-2xxm8pnd.png Figure 1. Structures of known HDAC inhibitors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-percent-inhibition-of-short-chain-fatty-acids-and-1j5zpg7t.png Table I. Percent inhibition of short chain fatty acids and their hydroxamate analogs. All compounds were evaluated at 1 mM using rat liver HDAC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ic50-determination-of-5-phenylvaleric-hydroxamic-1m26kzei.png Figure 3. IC50 determination of 5-phenylvaleric hydroxamic acid (6) and 4-benzoylbutyric hydroxamic acid (18). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-general-synthesisof-hydroxamate-n-e3e2q77i.png Figure 2. General synthesisof hydroxamate, N-methylhydroxamates, and N,O-dimethylhydroxamates. https://scispace.com/papers/simple-model-for-linear-and-nonlinear-mixing-at-unstable-219d2rgzl6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-perturbation-amplitude-vs-time-for-mikaelian-casesa-2r2owgq3.png FIG. 1. Perturbation amplitude vs time for Mikaelian casesA andB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-perturbation-amplitude-vs-time-for-planar-mikaelian-22nntoum.png FIG. 3. Perturbation amplitude vs time for planar Mikaelian casesA andB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-perturbation-volume-vs-time-for-mikaelian-casesa-andb-1efj4c7x.png FIG. 2. Perturbation volume vs time for Mikaelian casesA andB. https://scispace.com/papers/simple-model-for-the-power-law-blinking-of-single-2n60srz5ao 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulated-on-and-off-time-distributions-and-correlati-r0rn053v.png FIG. 2. Simulated on- and off-time distributions and correlati function in our model of uncapped NC’s, form51.7. The inset shows the appearance of intensity traces for three different e nents,m51.5, 1.7, and 1.9. The time unit is the luminescence li time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-experimental-intensity-trace-of-a-single-uncapp-cds-2zwptlp9.png FIG. 1. ~a! Experimental intensity trace of a single uncapp CdS nanocrystal, showing only short on times at all time scales~b! The correlation function of this signal decays as a power-law o six decades of time, with an exponent about20.3 ~solid line!. https://scispace.com/papers/simple-model-of-the-ground-state-and-spin-orbital-1cl8rh30r5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-top-lowest-three-eigenvalues-as-a-function-of-bottom-3s9dzm2p.png FIG. 1. Top: Lowest three eigenvalues as a function of . Bottom: The same as for the top panel, but setting the ground state at E = 0 for all . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-kh-m-for-92-82-103-02-72-42-with-the-corresponding-zfs-3opt368p.png FIG. 4. χ ′m for = 92.82, 103.02, 72.42 with the corresponding ZFS values taken from Fig. 1. All values are given in meV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-basis-states-classified-according-to-mj-2ll0i3km.png TABLE I. Basis states classified according to MJ . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-field-dependence-of-the-zfss-for-the-a-and-b-species-ftmcop7t.png FIG. 5. Field dependence of the ZFSs for the α and β species compared with the experimental points of Ref. [10]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-molecular-eigenstates-of-the-b-species-eigenvector-259tzuij.png TABLE IV. Molecular eigenstates of the β species. Eigenvector coefficients below 0.02 are neglected. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-matrix-elements-of-hso-in-units-of-2-z-between-the-2nf5vnps.png TABLE II. Matrix elements of Hso in units of 2/ζ between the states in Table I (x = 2 /ζ ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-eigenstates-mj-a-and-energies-e-mj-a-of-3ifknypd.png TABLE III. Eigenstates |MJ , α〉 and energies E(MJ , α) of Hamiltonian (1) (Hext = 0) in units of ζ/2 as a function of x = 2 /ζ and r ≡ √3λa/λe = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-molecular-eigenstates-of-the-a-species-eigenvector-2l2p6fb6.png TABLE V. Molecular eigenstates of the α species. Eigenvector coefficients below 0.02 are neglected. https://scispace.com/papers/simple-random-sampling-estimation-of-the-number-of-local-tnpge7elhr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-npp-sample-sizes-3kaj88wy.png Table 1: NPP sample sizes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-srs-estimates-of-the-optima-proportion-versus-s-the-32dufcm8.png Fig. 3: SRS estimates of the optima proportion versus s. The sample sizes are obtained from eq.(2) and eq.(3) by setting p̂ = 0.3 and zα/2 = 2.576 (corresponding to 99% confidence level). The results are for a single instance of 0-1KP of size n = 30. The error bars are the 95% CIAC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-each-figure-shows-the-estimates-of-the-number-of-1hn1i3t7.png Fig. 2: Each figure shows the estimates of the number of optima in a single instance of 0-1KP, and each data point shows the estimate of a single sample. The error bars around SRS estimates are the 95% CIAC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-optima-proportion-in-the-h1-landscape-of-npp-for-2n63fx23.png Fig. 4: Optima proportion in the H1 landscape of NPP for different vales of n. SRS estimates are shown when the sample size is obtained with 3 different desired error margins e (shown in Table 1). The results are for 100 random instances for each n. Obtaining the real proportion was only computationally feasible for n = 24, 30. The theoretical mean proportions are obtained from eq.(7). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-srs-and-jackknife-estimates-of-the-optima-number-in-2ylt4399.png Fig. 1: SRS and Jackknife estimates of the optima number (in log scale) as the problem size grows. Each data point represents the average estimate of 10 samples from a single instance of 0-1KP. The error bars show the standard deviations. https://scispace.com/papers/simple-undirected-graphs-as-formal-contexts-5acxx8zawy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-graph-k34-and-the-corresponding-information-table-1stg6ovm.png Fig. 2. The graph K3,4 and the corresponding information table. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-complete-graph-k4-235fgo7f.png Fig. 1. The complete graph K4. https://scispace.com/papers/simple-vertex-correction-improves-g-w-band-energies-of-bulk-2q6xd9mn2d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-difference-in-band-gap-band-gap-center-and-c-upon-1g0r87ow.png FIG. 3. The difference in band gap, band gap center, and c upon inclusion of the rALDA kernel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-schematic-illustration-of-the-different-as7wrx96.png FIG. 2. (a) Schematic illustration of the different contributions to the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied QP levels of a semiconductor. (b) The energy cost of removing a valence electron consists of the Hartree-Fock energy εHFN , the correlation energy of an electron in the ground state εc, and a stabilizing screening contribution ±c . The latter two are predominantly of short-range and long-range nature, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-absolute-position-of-the-vbm-and-cbm-relative-to-3amhkj3y.png FIG. 4. Absolute position of the VBM and CBM relative to vacuum for BN calculated with the four different methods. The band gap center is shown with a dotted line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-convergence-of-the-band-gap-in-bn-with-respect-to-2ungon5h.png FIG. 5. (a) Convergence of the band gap in BN with respect to plane-wave cutoff and the number of bands included using the RPA (bottom) and rALDA (top) kernels. (b) Plane-wave convergence of the band gap of bulk BN using the ALDA and rALDA kernels in the G0W0 0 method as well as the RPA kernel (G0W0 method). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-bulk-crystal-structures-considered-in-this-study-1xlbpb3p.png TABLE I. The bulk crystal structures considered in this study. The lattice constants and k-point grids applied in the quasiparticle calculations are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-absolute-values-of-c-and-c-together-with-the-sum-and-125e3e5d.png TABLE V. Absolute values of c and ±c together with the sum and differences of ± c contributing to the band gaps and centers respectively. The columns show the difference upon inclusion of the kernel. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-band-gaps-calculated-with-eigenvalue-5x7srpqz.png TABLE IV. Band gaps calculated with eigenvalue selfconsistency in G (GW0) and in both G and W (GW ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-absolute-values-of-the-vbm-cbm-and-band-gaps-at-the-ez4jfh0w.png TABLE VI. Absolute values of the VBM, CBM and band gaps at the K-point of the three 2D semiconductors considered here calculated with six different methods. The experimental references are given in the results section. https://scispace.com/papers/simplicity-in-perceptual-organization-1dxhiz4uvk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-process-in-the-visual-hierarchy-in-the-brain-is-ju6m3rir.png Figure 4. The process in the visual hierarchy in the brain is believed to comprise the three intertwined subprocesses of feedforward feature extraction, horizontal feature binding, and recurrent feature selection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-four-configurations-that-can-be-interpreted-as-10userfo.png Figure 3. Four configurations that can be interpreted as consisting of one object or as consisting of two objects. Taken as one object, a simpler (i.e., more regular) one belongs to a smaller object category; taken as two objects, a simpler (i.e., less coincidental) relative position of the two objects belongs to a larger position category. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-objects-that-are-simple-because-they-have-a-highly-n6pq3buf.png Figure 1. Objects that are simple because they have a highly regular internal structure consisting of a superstructure (visualized by thick dashes) that determines the positions of many identical subordinate structures (visualized by thin dashes). The hierarchy in (a) is the inverse of that in (b), and in both cases, the objects are presumably classified on the basis of primarily the perceptually dominant superstructure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-pattern-in-a-is-readily-interpreted-as-a-2gabcxpd.png Figure 2. The pattern in (a) is readily interpreted as a parallelogram partly occluding the shape in (b) rather than the shape in (c). In this case, this preference could be claimed to occur either because, unlike the shape in (b), the shape in (c) would have to take a rather coincidental position to yield the pattern in (a), or because the shape in (b) is simpler than the shape in (c). In general, however, both factors seem to play a role. https://scispace.com/papers/simplified-calculus-for-the-design-of-a-cryogenic-current-20oq6zsil7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-2o0re4sp.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-value-ofl-as-a-function-ofr-for-h-w-20-mm-3a4r2s3j.png Fig. 5. Value ofL as a function ofR for h = w = 20 mm, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-section-of-the-schematics-of-fig-2-for-the-calculation-1zm39zwf.png Fig. 4. Section of the schematics of Fig. 2 for the calculation of the reluctance. < and < are approximations for the reluctance of the central hole and the space between the overlapping tube and the superconducting shield, respectively.< is the approximation of the reluctance for the top and bottom parts of Fig. 2. The arrows indicate the direction of flow of the magnetic flux. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-section-of-fig-2-b-for-the-calculation-of-electrical-3m7v3ccy.png Fig. 3. Section of Fig. 2(b) for the calculation of electrical resistance. This section has electrical resistance that is = [radians] times the resistance of Fig. 2(b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-equivalence-between-a-magnetic-and-b-electrical-10dopzf4.png Fig. 2. Equivalence between (a) magnetic and (b) electrical circuits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-numerical-calculation-ofl-for-typical-ccc-dimensions-1tmt9ean.png Fig. 6. Numerical calculation ofL for typical CCC dimensions, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematics-of-a-ccc-the-overlapped-tube-has-cross-1v7rs0k5.png Fig. 1. Schematics of a CCC. The overlapped tube has cross sectionh w and internal radiusR. The flux created by the Meissner currentI = N I N I is picked up by a sensing coil connected to a SQUID. The whole is surrounded https://scispace.com/papers/simplified-ordering-for-fixed-complexity-sphere-decoder-2qpyz6u3s7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-lattice-in-received-signal-space-2p23ngxg.png Fig. 1. Lattice in received signal space. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-complexity-of-fsd-with-original-and-simplified-2tma06nq.png Fig. 5. Complexity of FSD with original and simplified ordering. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bit-error-rate-of-fsd-with-and-without-simplified-2mfs8uww.png Fig. 4. Bit-error rate of FSD with and without simplified ordering. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-approximation-of-simplified-ordering-1ojj5juy.png Fig. 3. Approximation of simplified ordering. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-space-spanned-by-h1-and-h3-3sw9x3mw.png Fig. 2. Space spanned by h1 and h3. https://scispace.com/papers/simplified-computation-and-generalization-of-the-refined-254rmam4i2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-a-ttg-and-its-triconnected-component-subgraphs-b-the-3j692y9p.png Fig. 5. (a) A TTG and its triconnected component subgraphs, (b) the tree of the triconnected components of (a) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-workflow-graph-a-whose-completed-version-is-not-1ccj6njq.png Fig. 10. A workflow graph (a) whose completed version is not biconnected, (b) has multiple sinks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-a-ttg-and-its-triconnected-component-subgraphs-b-the-a5jp8jo3.png Fig. 8. (a) A TTG and its triconnected component subgraphs, (b) the tree of the triconnected components of (a), and (c) the normalized version of (a) and its triconnected component subgraphs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-the-tree-of-the-triconnected-components-of-the-ttg-2i6gu5cw.png Fig. 9. (a) The tree of the triconnected components of the TTG from Fig.8(c), (b) the tree from (a) without the fresh edges l and m, (c) the RPST of the TTG from Fig.8(a), and (d) the TTG from Fig.8(a) and its canonical fragments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-a-a-disconnected-mtgg-b-the-rpst-ofg-c-the-ttg-1gjgz5lm.png Fig. 14. (a) A disconnected MTGG, (b) the RPST ofG, (c) the TTG versionG∗ ofG, and (d) the RPST of G∗ and v as entries, and an exit w. Subgraph B2 has an entry w, and three sinks as exits. Subgraph P1 two sources as entries, and three sinks as exits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-the-rpst-formed-fragments-of-the-workflow-graphs-8c7k6hyw.png Fig. 15. The RPST-formed fragments of the workflow graphs introduced in Fig.10 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-workflow-graph-represented-in-bpmn-b-the-1hn894t7.png Fig. 1. (a) A workflow graph represented in BPMN, (b) the corresponding TTG (simplified) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-a-ttg-and-its-canonical-fragments-b-the-rpst-of-a-7rpcc1qj.png Fig. 2. (a) A TTG and its canonical fragments, (b) the RPST of (a) https://scispace.com/papers/sims-characterization-of-amorphous-silicon-germanium-alloys-5afgux594c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-percent-error-in-sims-measurements-after-1nb1auvs.png FIGURE 5. Percent error in SIMS measurements (after corrections) when compared to EPMA and NRA results. https://scispace.com/papers/simplified-synthesis-route-for-interfacially-polymerized-ovpa1swri2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-atr-ftir-spectra-of-tfc-pa-membranes-synthesized-1f0z074s.png Figure 1: ATR-FTIR spectra of TFC PA membranes synthesized using the SIM method (full line) and the traditional POST method (dotted line). Synthesis conditions: 18 wt% PSf in casting solution, 2 wt% MPD, 2 wt% TEA and 0.1 wt% SDS in aqueous solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cross-section-tem-images-of-tfc-pa-membranes-2n06wpjl.png Figure 4: Cross-section TEM images of TFC PA membranes synthesized via the SIM method with different MPD concentrations in the coagulation bath: (a) 0.5 wt%, (b) 1.5 wt% and (c) 3.0 wt%. Synthesis conditions: 18 wt% PSf in casting solution, ratio of MPD/TEA/SDS 2/2/0,1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-elemental-composition-in-atomic-percent-and-ratios-3lxbhcrm.png Table 1: Elemental composition (in atomic percent) and ratios obtained by XPS and ratio between the intensity of an amide and a PSf peak (1660 and 1586 cm -1 , respectively) measured by ATR-FTIR for TFC PA membranes synthesized via the SIM method using various MPD concentrations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-cross-section-sem-images-of-tfc-pa-psf-membranes-24imrxi5.png Figure I: Cross-section SEM images of TFC PA PSf membranes synthesized from casting solutions with various PSf concentrations. Synthesis conditions: 2 wt% MPD, 2 wt% TEA and 0.1 wt% SDS in coagulation bath. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-effect-of-the-psf-concentration-in-the-casting-1uiy3iz7.png Figure 7: The effect of the PSf concentration in the casting solution of the support on the water permeance and salt retention of TFC membranes synthesized using the SIM method. Synthesis condition: 2 wt% MPD, 2 wt% TEA and 0.1 wt% SDS in the coagulation bath. Filtration conditions: 15 bar, 1g/L MgSO4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-surface-sem-images-a-c-and-water-immersed-afm-qt47a1pm.png Figure 3: Surface SEM images (a, c) and water immersed AFM images (b, d) of TFC PA membranes synthesized using the SIM method with 0.5 wt% MPD (a, b) and 3.0 wt% MPD (c, d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-surface-sem-above-and-cross-section-tem-images-159b5bxo.png Figure 6: Surface SEM (above) and cross-section TEM images (below) of TFC PA membrane synthesized using the SIM method with various additives: (a)&(e) without additives, (b)&(f) with TEA, (c)&(g) with SDS, (d)&(h) with TEA and SDS. Synthesis conditions: 18% PSf in casting solution, 2% MPD in coagulation bath. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-effect-of-using-additives-tea-and-sds-to-the-1mi80bzo.png Figure 5: The effect of using additives (TEA and SDS) to the coagulation bath containing MPD on the water permeance and salt retention of TFC membranes synthesized using the SIM method. Synthesis condition: 18 wt% PSf in casting solution. Filtration conditions: 15 bar, 1g/L MgSO4. https://scispace.com/papers/simplified-stiffness-model-for-spherical-rough-contacts-x3pvql2h6o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimised-parameters-in-gamma-function-approximation-31llvggk.png Table 1 Optimised parameters in gamma function approximation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-equation-set-for-calculating-deformation-of-rough-2j38qh7o.png Table 2 Equation set for calculating deformation of rough contact https://scispace.com/papers/simulated-aging-and-characterization-of-phase-change-irfqlqs8w2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-sem-images-of-micro-encapsulated-pcm-pellets-31nz7ob6.png Figure 4-5. SEM images of Micro-encapsulated PCM pellets (Microtek 24D): (a) before thermal cycling,, (b) after 1680 cycling (6.2 years), (c) after 3696 cycling (13.7 years), and (d) after 5400 cycling (20 years). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-sem-images-of-micro-encapsulated-pcm-pellets-3ad3vkr4.png Figure 4-4. SEM images of Micro-encapsulated PCM pellets (Microtek 18D): (a) before thermal cycling,, (b) after 1680 cycling (6.2 years), (c) after 3696 cycling (13.7 years), and (d) after 5400 cycling (20 years). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-6-sem-images-of-biopcm-m51-a-before-thermal-cycling-y3rdlbtq.png Figure 4-6. SEM images of BioPCM M51: (a) before thermal cycling, (b) after 1680 cycling (6.2 years), (c) after 3696 cycling (13.7 years), and (d) after 5400 cycling (20 years). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-duponttm-engergain-r-thermal-mass-panel-a-side-10ano90x.png Figure 2-2. DuPont™ Engergain® Thermal mass panel (a) side view of panel, and (b) paraffin wax with elastomer binder sandwiched in between aluminum panels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-micro-encapsulated-pcm-materials-a-microtek-18d-28sjdag3.png Figure 2-3. Micro-encapsulated PCM materials: (a) Microtek 18D sample, and (b) Microtek 24D sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-latent-heat-versus-number-of-cycles-for-energain-19iwgw7p.png Figure 4-2. Latent heat versus number of cycles for Energain. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-differential-scanning-calorimetry-data-melting-and-16qmasz0.png Table 4-2. Differential scanning calorimetry data (melting and freezing) for Energain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-9-ftir-spectra-of-energain-a-comparison-among-four-309mjfp9.png Figure 4-9. FTIR spectra of Energain: (a) comparison among four cycles, and (b) comparison between 0 cycle and 5400 cycles. https://scispace.com/papers/simulated-car-driving-and-its-association-with-cognitive-42e6nolph1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-the-healthy-comparison-group-with-82x3h181.png Table 2 Comparison of the healthy comparison group with patients with schizophrenia on neuropsychological tests. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-participants-30zza4sf.png Table 1 Characteristics of the participants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-spearman-rank-correlations-between-variables-of-2fadagj3.png Table 4 Spearman rank correlations between variables of simulated driving performance and neuropsychological assessment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-the-healthy-comparison-group-with-1vs4b1q0.png Table 3 Comparison of the healthy comparison group with patients with schizophrenia on simulated d https://scispace.com/papers/sims-investigation-of-oxygen-in-3c-sic-on-si-5975ega1ni 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-extracted-activation-energies-for-different-3c-sic-10kwov44.png TABLE II. EXTRACTED ACTIVATION ENERGIES FOR DIFFERENT 3C-SIC FILMS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-measured-conductivity-versus-temperature-for-different-ms59733n.png Fig 3: Measured conductivity versus temperature for different samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-different-growth-conditions-of-3c-sic-films-3u80bf0s.png TABLE I. DIFFERENT GROWTH CONDITIONS OF 3C-SIC FILMS https://scispace.com/papers/simulated-annealing-based-multiuser-detection-for-52e67jjhc7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-flow-chart-of-the-sa-mud-3uiq6ls0.png Fig. 2. Flow chart of the SA MUD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ber-versus-snr-performance-comparison-of-sa-mud-and-ga-2fbh52e1.png Fig. 4. BER versus SNR performance comparison of SA MUD and GA MUD [11] in SDMA system, while employing a QPSK scheme for transmission on NBURF channel, where L = 8 users are supported with the aid of P = 6 receiver antenna elements. The other parameters are the same as mentioned in the context. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-the-mud-complexity-in-terms-of-the-2amp28ic.png Fig. 5. Comparison of the MUD complexity in terms of the number of OFM evaluations. The number of receiver antenna elements employed is equivalent to the number of users supported, i.e. L = P. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-sdma-uplink-mimo-channel-model-where-3sr7cm9k.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the SDMA uplink MIMO channel model, where each of the L users is equipped with a single transmit antenna and the BS’s receiver is assisted by a P-element antenna array. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ber-versus-snr-performance-comparison-of-sa-mud-in-22tmy4r0.png Fig. 3. BER versus SNR performance comparison of SA MUD in SDMA system invoking BQM or UM, while employing a QPSK scheme for transmission on NBURF channel, where L = 8 users are supported with the aid of P = 6 receiver antenna elements. N = 100 · L, and the other parameters are the same as mentioned in the context. https://scispace.com/papers/simulating-6tisch-networks-5fgc9pj3ug 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-between-the-6tisch-simulator-and-the-2856l43o.png TABLE 1 Comparison between the 6TiSCH Simulator and the different network simulator alternatives. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-some-of-the-available-metrics-in-the-6tisch-3lsyza8r.png TABLE 4 Some of the available metrics in the 6TiSCH Simulator https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-between-the-6tisch-simulator-and-opensim-1hxx3dqa.png FIGURE 6 Comparison between the 6TiSCH Simulator and OpenSim in terms of synchronization time, joining time and the time it takes for a node to have the first dedicated cell since joining the network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-how-different-scheduling-functions-tackle-the-1ny23x4z.png FIGURE 12 How different scheduling functions tackle the packet collision problem in 6TiSCH. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-queue-usage-during-a-simulation-for-different-sf0-lcc8hmvz.png FIGURE 13 Queue usage during a simulation for different SF0 thresholds and when using a Local Voting scheme for load balancing. Reproduced from (10). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-screenshot-of-the-6tisch-simulator-user-interface-23dwx4gt.png FIGURE 3 Screenshot of the 6TiSCH Simulator user interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-internal-architecture-of-the-6tisch-simulator-2f9bjbic.png FIGURE 2 Internal architecture of the 6TiSCH Simulator. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-possible-slot-types-as-per-the-energy-consumption-346s53ef.png TABLE 3 Possible slot types as per the energy consumption model implemented within the 6TiSCH Simulator. https://scispace.com/papers/simulating-collisions-for-hydrokinetic-turbines-3nxfwibwq0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-the-change-in-particle-location-on-a-yz-plane-as-3o83cytl.png Figure 4.5. The change in particle location on a YZ-plane as it travels downstream. Particles correspond to those in frames of Figure 4.4. DES turbulence induces more rapid https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-velocity-vectors-at-the-blade-from-dauble-et-al-oqno1arq.png Figure 3.3. Velocity vectors at the blade (from Dauble et al, 2007). The diagram shows a fish of length (L) in flow approaching the leading edge of a runner blade in a Kaplan https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-mesh-and-base-size-of-cells-at-various-1wpk5j6s.png Figure 3.1. Mesh and base size of cells at various refinements. ∆ values are given in centimeters and y+ is dimensionless https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-the-averaged-fish-length-l-and-the-diameter-dpart-1j0grbr6.png Figure 3.5. The averaged fish length (L) and the diameter (Dpart) of an equivalent-mass sphere were used to calculate probability of strike (Pstr) and fraction of collisions (Fimp), https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-6-survival-rate-of-fish-exposed-to-blade-strike-1wnii8py.png Figure 3.6. Survival rate of fish exposed to blade strike from experiments of Amaral and Hecker (2008) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-survival-rate-from-the-simulation-cases-1arugw7m.png Table 4.4. Survival rate from the simulation cases, % https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-thrust-and-power-from-two-flow-simulations-urans-21ovb4e7.png Figure 4.1. Thrust and power from two flow simulations (URANS vs DES) at stream flow velocity of 2 m/s. The dashed lines represent the average values for the corresponding colored curve https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-particle-tracks-originating-from-the-same-2qjjg5d5.png Figure 4.4. Particle tracks originating from the same injector and resulting from URANS (blue) and DES (red) turbulence simulations https://scispace.com/papers/simulating-impacts-of-regulatory-policies-on-urban-freight-58ca3i0f3k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-evolution-of-the-distance-indicators-during-the-2xo5nqea.png Fig. 5. Evolution of the distance indicators during the simulated week https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-results-of-distance-number-of-vehicles-and-loading-1o3j0ky6.png Fig. 6. Results of distance, number of vehicles and loading rates for the 4 scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-results-of-emissions-for-the-4-scenarios-1tmiuhpu.png Fig. 7. Results of emissions for the 4 scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-main-features-of-the-simulated-vehicles-mci7g9gq.png TABLE I. MAIN FEATURES OF THE SIMULATED VEHICLES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-structure-of-the-simulation-model-15ogy03m.png Fig. 2. Structure of the simulation model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-application-to-the-catering-setting-in-paris-3nijm6k5.png Fig. 4. APPLICATION TO THE CATERING SETTING IN PARIS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-methodology-of-the-proposed-approach-3s3wxwux.png Fig. 3. Methodology of the proposed approach https://scispace.com/papers/simulating-sedimentary-burial-cycles-part-2-elemental-based-2wjktfokpn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-outlining-the-key-steps-involved-in-the-1tpjx1rl.png Figure 1: Flowchart outlining the key steps involved in the acquisition, interpretation, and modelling of multikinetic AFT data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustrates-the-key-steps-in-our-multikinetic-1szzot85.png Figure 1: Flowchart outlining the key steps involved in the acquisition, interpretation, and modelling of multikinetic AFT data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-upper-panel-shows-aftinv-thermal-history-results-1lkpst0t.png Figure 6: Upper panel shows AFTINV thermal history results for the Permian sample. Light grey lines are statistically acceptable Monte Carlo solutions (≥ 0.05 significance level); dark grey lines are good solutions (≥ 0.5 level). The black curves bounding model solutions are not valid solutions. The blue curve is the exponential mean (EM) of the 300 good solutions; the green curve is the closest fitting minimum objective function (MOF) solution. Lower panels show model and observed track length distributions, and the distribution of model retention ages (age of oldest track) for the different kinetic populations. The goodness of fit (GOF) probability for the age and length data is given for the exponential mean solution. Tanneal is the estimated total annealing temperature for each population. Uncertainties on average retention age, average peak temperature and average peak time are two standard deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-elemental-data-for-aft-age-and-length-1xeme6dl.png Table 3. Summary elemental data for AFT age and length measurements (atoms per formula unit) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-upper-panel-shows-aftinv-thermal-history-results-29b99mdg.png Figure 7: Upper panel shows AFTINV thermal history results for the Devonian sample. Light grey lines are statistically acceptable Monte Carlo solutions (≥ 0.05 significance level); dark grey lines are good solutions (≥ 0.5 level). The black curves bounding model solutions are not valid solutions. The blue curve is the exponential mean (EM) of the 300 good solutions; the green curve is the closest fitting minimum objective function (MOF) solution. Lower panels show model and observed track length distributions, and the distribution of model retention ages (age of oldest track) for the different kinetic populations. The goodness of fit (GOF) probability for the age and length data is given for the exponential mean solution. Tanneal is the estimated total annealing temperature for each population. Uncertainties on average retention age, average peak temperature and average peak time are two standard deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-radial-plots-of-single-grain-ages-for-the-1ptd58bv.png Figure 3: Radial plots of single grain ages for the multikinetic Permian (left) and Devonian (right) AFT samples. Points are colourcoded according to the kinetic populations determined in figure 4 and 5. Peak ages are from age mixture modelling and show good correspondence with kinetic population ages summarized in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-model-boundary-conditions-constraints-for-two-aft-3jc2wfad.png Table 4. Model boundary conditions/constraints for two AFT samples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plots-of-a-single-grain-ages-and-b-track-lengths-yul7pbkf.png Figure 5: Plots of (a) single grain ages and (b) track lengths grouped into different coloured-coded kinetic populations using eCl values for the Devonian outcrop sample. Boundary between populations is indicated by the vertical black line. Similar plots of population ages and lengths with respect to Cl concentration (c and d) and Dpar (e and f) with same colour scheme as (a) and (b). https://scispace.com/papers/simulating-isothermal-aging-of-snow-21jkfxgjip 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-evolution-of-the-density-in-the-simulation-19tvfehy.png Figure 5: Time evolution of the density in the simulation using a simple model for gravity. The simulation steps are rescaled to real time as in fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-the-ice-thickness-dtb-for-several-1bikv33p.png Figure 3: Distribution of the ice thickness dtb for several snapshots at different times for the simulations. The inset shows the corresponding time dependence of the average ice thickness 〈dtb〉, including a fit according to eq. (8). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-snapshots-of-real-samples-used-in-experiments-left-31fquef3.png Figure 1: Snapshots of real samples used in experiments (left) compared to the simulated configuration (right) for a temperature of −8◦C (top to bottom: initial configuration, after 2 weeks, 5 weeks, 7 weeks, and 10 weeks). As starting configuration for the simulation the experimental data has been used. Here, in the experiments the same cutout of the snow sample is shown. Due to unequal settling in the experiment, the sample shows a slight “drift” to the right, whereas the simulation box is fixed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-four-simulation-settings-used-to-reproduce-the-gk2qvhwj.png Table 1: The four simulation settings used to reproduce the experiment. The parameters φ, KV and KD used in the simulations (single runs) are determined such that the images match the experiments well. fV (in brackets) is calculated assuming the ideal gas law for the effective ice particles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-specific-surface-area-as-depending-on-time-for-the-12vzq5yz.png Figure 2: Specific surface area As depending on time for the simulations and experiments. The simulation steps are scaled to real time such that they match the experiments best. https://scispace.com/papers/simulating-the-effects-of-skin-thickness-and-fingerprints-to-1rwe7l7dvw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-resonance-frequency-for-various-skin-thickness-values-3lxlph9p.png Fig. 11. Resonance frequency for various skin thickness values https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-4-layer-fingertip-model-in-cst-mws-a-original-b-h6w5lnd5.png Fig. 12. 4-layer fingertip model in CST MWS a) original b) voxelized https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-simulated-frequency-response-of-the-sensor-with-the-21u9iqho.png Fig. 13. Simulated frequency response of the sensor with the original and voxelized models and measured response with a finger https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-resonance-frequency-vs-pressure-applied-yi01v54e.png Fig. 16. Resonance frequency vs. pressure applied https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-various-sensor-enclosures-for-measurements-from-3jwbjhyh.png Fig. 18. Various sensor enclosures for measurements from fingertips https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cross-section-of-the-sensor-and-the-sample-eowqmq5y.png Fig. 1. Cross-section of the sensor and the sample https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-frequency-response-of-the-sensor-with-varied-1ex9ms9w.png Fig. 14. Frequency response of the sensor with varied thickness of the voxelized layer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-circuit-topology-of-the-proposed-pressure-sensing-1ngx5sdv.png Fig. 15. Circuit topology of the proposed pressure sensing circuit https://scispace.com/papers/simulating-surveys-for-elt-mosaic-status-of-the-mosaic-2razkf6609 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-high-priority-mosaic-surveys-not-in-a-ranked-order-3grqvd3t.png Table 1: High-priority MOSAIC surveys (not in a ranked order). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-signal-to-noise-s-n-of-simulated-o-type-spectra-vs-v-2cr3g087.png Fig. 8: Signal-to-noise (S/N) of simulated O-type spectra vs. V-band magnitude; annotations indicate the S/N recovered for a mid-late O-type bright giant/supergiant at different distances. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-left-example-of-a-galaxy-spectrum-simulated-in-the-y3j4u997.png Fig. 3: Left: Example of a galaxy spectrum simulated in the Horizon-AGN simulation (Laigle et al., in prep.) and used as a template for simulating MOSAIC observations. The galaxy lies at z~3.60 and has a magnitude of mrest,UV = 25.1 mag; its synthetic spectrum is shown in blue. Red dashes indicate the positions of Lyα, Lyβ and Lyγ lines originating in the galaxy. The spectrum with the added Lyα forest (only in the region between Lyβ and Lyα lines of the galaxy) is shown in black. Realistic Gaussian noise is added to this spectrum and the resulting spectrum (here shown for the fiducial case of R=5000 and exposure time of 15 h) is shown in orange in the inset plot. Right: S/N as a function of exposure time for galaxies of three different brightnesses at z~3.3. S/N is estimated from integrated spectra obtained from VIFU simulated observations at two spectral resolving powers (see Japelj et al., in prep.). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-survey-speed-comparison-between-mosaic-and-harmoni-n8nmk4bm.png Table 4: Survey speed comparison between MOSAIC and HARMONI at 1.65 µm*. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-possible-design-variations-for-the-mosaic-hdm-z6l4amv5.png Table 5: Possible design variations for the MOSAIC HDM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-left-simulated-integrated-spectrum-obtained-from-doqheljn.png Fig. 6: Left: simulated integrated spectrum obtained from MOSAIC-HDM observations of a LAE at z=9 with JAB=28 with 10 hr of integration (R=5000). The red line shows the input LAE template. Right: expected S/N in the Lyα emission line at z=9 as a function of magnitude and morphology of the target, for both HDM and HMM-NIR observations. Error bars represent the variation of S/N obtained in 33 repeated simulations; horizontal dashed lines represent the requirement in S/N per pixel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-expected-magnitude-limits-in-the-continuum-with-30-50-2xaanhfj.png Fig. 7: Expected magnitude limits in the continuum with 30–50 hr integrations for ELT-MOSAIC (orange), JWST (black) and VLTFORS (green, from Vanzella et al. 2014 and references therein). The position of the typical UV absorption lines from Lyα to CIV 1550 (grey region, UV-abs) and the basic emission lines, e.g., CIII]1909, [OII]3727, Hβ, [OIII]4959-5007 and Hα are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-survey-speed-comparison-between-mosaic-hmm-nir-and-27l32co8.png Table 6: Survey speed comparison between MOSAIC HMM-NIR and other near-IR MOS. https://scispace.com/papers/simulating-the-effects-of-logic-faults-in-implementation-2opwfzfe3i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-vital-compliant-macro-cell-model-1as6z5ac.png Fig. 2: VITAL-compliant macro-cell model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-injecting-two-consecutive-pulses-into-a-combinational-3cn9rxl2.png Fig. 3: Injecting two consecutive pulses into a combinational component https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-range-of-fault-targets-at-rtl-and-implementation-38sjftv9.png Table 2: Range of fault targets at RTL and implementation level for all the considered configurations of the toolchain parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-faultload-configuration-2hq2hcw9.png Table 3: Faultload Configuration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-combinational-logic-a-described-at-rtl-b-implemented-2vqviete.png Fig. 6: Combinational logic: a) described at RTL, b) implemented by LUTs, and c) macrocell’s internal structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulation-effort-at-different-hdl-description-levels-z10z7dxb.png Fig. 1: Simulation effort at different HDL description levels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-estimated-failure-rate-for-pulse-faults-with-3k3bftms.png Fig. 8: Estimated failure rate for pulse faults with increasing width https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-injecting-delay-faults-into-a-flip-flop-a-interconnect-ddxkd68f.png Fig. 5: Injecting delay faults into a flip-flop: a) interconnect delay of I input, and b) propagation delay from CLK to O path https://scispace.com/papers/simulating-the-impact-of-the-internal-structure-of-19xozhif3u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-of-the-integration-procedure-applied-to-2jvchg2h.png Figure 1. Flow chart of the integration procedure applied to the MIE and ScattnLay outputs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interference-and-resonance-features-observed-for-7yrlbrpj.png Figure 3. Interference and resonance features observed for the scattering phase function of monodisperse particles (light green). The major low-frequency maxima and minima are called the “interference structure”. The high-frequency ripples are resonance features. The interference and resonance feature are washed out for a polydisperse assemblage of particles (dark green). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-particulate-backscattering-ratio-as-a-function-of-1bheygpx.png Figure 6. Particulate backscattering ratio as a function of the hyperbolic slope for oligotrophic-like and phytoplankton bloom water bodies. Phytoplankton cells are modeled as two-layered spheres with a relative volume of the chloroplast of 20 % and 30 %, as indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-particulate-backscattering-ratio-as-a-function-of-1gm16bu6.png Figure 7. Particulate backscattering ratio as a function of the hyperbolic slope for oligotrophic-like and phytoplankton bloom water bodies. Phytoplankton cells are modeled as two-layered spheres (80%–20%) or three-layered spheres (80%–18.5%–1.5%), as indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-total-chlorophyll-a-concentration-for-the-three-case-3qy93s9h.png Table 7. Total chlorophyll-a concentration for the three case studies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-particulate-backscattering-ratio-bthabp-as-a-2yk2u2ti.png Figure 5. (a) Particulate backscattering ratio b̃θabp as a function of the hyperbolic slope for the oligotrophic-like (red dashed line), phytoplankton bloom (green dashed line), and coastal-like (brown dashed line) water bodies as described in Section 4. Black and gray lines are for homogeneous reference cases. The gray solid line corresponds to nr = 1.045, ni = 9.93× 10−4, the black dashed line to nr = 1.1043, ni = 1.36× 10−3, and the black solid line to nr = 1.131, ni = 1.37× 10−4, respectively. Phytoplankton cells are modeled as two-layered spheres with a relative volume of the cytoplasm of 20% (%cyt-%chl = 80–20). (b) as in panel (a) but for the real refractive index. (c) as in panel (a) but for the imaginary part of the refractive index. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relative-abundance-of-viruses-vir-bacteria-bac-1jvwdu2s.png Table 4. Relative abundance of viruses (VIR), bacteria (BAC), phytoplankton (PHY), and organic detritus (DET) with the corresponding bulk refractive index (Equations (9) and (10)) for the water body with phytoplankton bloom conditions and no minerals (phytoplankton bloom). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relative-abundance-of-viruses-vir-bacteria-bac-2535exsn.png Table 3. Relative abundance of viruses (VIR), bacteria (BAC), phytoplankton (PHY), and organic detritus (DET) with the corresponding bulk refractive index (Equations (9) and (10)) for the water body with no bloom conditions and no minerals (oligotrophic-like). https://scispace.com/papers/simulating-the-power-consumption-of-large-scale-sensor-5g5h0yww95 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-b-node-1-2-and-3-can-collude-since-they-are-in-direct-2q5veyy8.png Fig 1(b): Node 1, 2 and 3 can collude since they are in direct communication range https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-node-1-and-3-do-not-collude-since-they-are-not-in-8p4faeda.png Fig 1(b): Node 1, 2 and 3 can collude since they are in direct communication range https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-pseudo-code-for-the-swap-procedure-1rfamvji.png Fig. 9: Pseudo-code for the swap procedure https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-possible-number-of-key-combinations-for-different-d5mzk4ob.png Table 4: Possible number of key combinations for different values of k and m https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-length-of-the-collusion-chain-for-different-k-with-3550iv0s.png Fig. 5: The length of the collusion chain for different “k” with k+m=10 while using our proposed key assignment algorithm and for different networks sizes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-length-of-the-collusion-chain-for-different-k-with-22ti94ut.png Fig. 6: The length of the collusion chain for different “k” with k+m=10 under random key assignment and for varying networks sizes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-pseudo-code-for-key-assignment-algorithm-au5kofic.png Fig. 8: Pseudo-code for key assignment algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mutual-hamming-distance-among-kcs-19mznsse.png Table 3: Mutual hamming distance among KC’s https://scispace.com/papers/simulating-the-impacts-of-strong-bus-priority-measures-3iy1dl6188 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-map-of-southampton-showing-test-sub-network-2plei26q.png Figure 5 : Map of Southampton showing test sub-network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-bus-lane-set-back-causing-buses-to-be-delayed-by-10nuhx9b.png Figure 1 : A bus lane set-back causing buses to be delayed by general traffic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-perceived-cost-of-travel-groups-3uywjgh0.png Figure 6 : Perceived Cost of Travel Groups. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7a-potential-modal-change-figure-7b-no-potential-31o0xbr8.png Figure 7a : Potential Modal Change. Figure 7b : No Potential Modal Change. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-ripple-effect-of-diverting-traffic-onto-3btlfrq8.png Figure 2 : The ripple effect of diverting traffic onto alternative routes. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-acceleration-of-image-filtering-on-cmos-vision-4396x8td9g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-of-multiply-and-accumulation-operations-2rm6t964.png Fig. 1. Distribution of multiply and accumulation operations to compute a state variable at a given time step in multiple threads. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-matrix-representation-of-the-m-x-n-pixels-mos-c-imager-1yrjbcvo.png Fig. 3. Matrix representation of the m x n pixels MOS-C imager. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-circuit-representation-of-the-mos-c-network-9ozx39qq.png Fig. 2. Circuit representation of the MOS-C network. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-cpu-and-gpu-times-for-a-transient-simulation-of-1-us-1pmlkndq.png TABLE I. CPU AND GPU TIMES FOR A TRANSIENT SIMULATION OF 1 µS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-transient-simulation-of-the-mos-c-image-gaussian-3l732r81.png Fig. 4. Transient simulation of the MOS-C image Gaussian filter applied to a 128 x 128 pixels image for σ =8.9. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-and-analysis-of-large-scale-compton-imaging-23n18uh29p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulated-detector-geometry-for-an-si-czt-module-15rfhnbn.png Figure 2: Simulated detector geometry for an Si-CZT module, shown in cross-sectional views. In the front view, the position of each Si detector is also indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-imaging-efficiencies-for-both-types-of-16x16-array-1v277zj6.png Table 4: Imaging efficiencies for both types of 16×16 array. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-detected-source-strengths-in-units-of-emitted-source-1eetgpsv.png Table 7: Detected source strengths in units of emitted source photons/second, for both types of 16×16 array, for 50% detection probability, for one false alarm per hour, for a measurement time of one minute, for a detector altitude of 100 m, for five different energies. Source photons are emitted isotropically into 4π steradians. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulated-detector-geometry-for-a-large-scale-28xq18aq.png Figure 3: Simulated detector geometry for a large-scale Compton imager 16×16 array of detector modules. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-si-ge-16x16-array-signal-region-radius-number-of-38t3qdkw.png Table 2: Si-Ge 16×16 array signal region radius, number of imaging bins, and the percent of total background rings which cross the signal region. For each energy, the source is a point source located 100 m away from the detector array, on the center axis of the detector array. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-si-czt-16x16-array-signal-region-radius-number-of-30i87ovm.png Table 3: Si-CZT 16×16 array signal region radius, number of imaging bins, and the percent of total background rings which cross the signal region. For each energy, the source is a point source located 100 m away from the detector array, on the center axis of the detector array. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-detected-source-strengths-in-units-of-emitted-source-13qu0bvh.png Table 6: Detected source strengths in units of emitted source photons/second, for both types of 16×16 array, for 95% detection probability, for one false alarm per hour, for a measurement time of one minute, for a detector altitude of 100 m, for five different energies. Source photons are emitted isotropically into 4π steradians. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-roc-curves-for-the-si-czt-16x16-array-for-a-137cs-1crxm5oo.png Figure 7: ROC curves for the Si-CZT 16x16 array, for a 137Cs source, with an energy-cut window of 662±10 keV, with a measurement time of one minute, and a detector altitude of 100 m. These results include the fact that the branching ratio is 85% for a 137Cs decay to emit a 662 keV photon. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-and-estimation-of-hedonic-models-1yjuuy4wdf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-model-1-specithcation-5-slope-of-price-function-3cz2s24z.png Figure 19: Model 1, SpeciÞcation 5: Slope of price function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-model-1-specithcation-5-curvature-of-price-dnon9hta.png Figure 20: Model 1, SpeciÞcation 5: Curvature of price function https://scispace.com/figures/table-a13-model-2-specithcation-4-parameter-estimates-l-0-5-3b3s8wdu.png Table A13: Model 2, SpeciÞcation 4 parameter estimates λ = 0.5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-model-1-specithcation-2-curvature-of-price-function-1e3xm35u.png Figure 4: Model 1, SpeciÞcation 2: Curvature of price function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-model-1-specithcation-2-slope-of-price-function-18zngl2i.png Figure 3: Model 1, SpeciÞcation 2: Slope of price function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-30-model-2-specithcation-5-curvature-of-price-3oxcxjyc.png Figure 30: Model 2, SpeciÞcation 5: Curvature of price function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-29-model-2-specithcation-5-slope-of-price-function-2g9r99dy.png Figure 29: Model 2, SpeciÞcation 5: Slope of price function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-1-specithcation-1-slope-of-price-function-3entppss.png Figure 1: Model 1, SpeciÞcation 1: Slope of price function https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-and-modeling-of-return-waveforms-from-a-ladar-5dgojexman 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-block-diagram-showing-the-transfer-functions-signal-1scmt0f3.png Figure 6. Block diagram showing the transfer functions, signal, and noise components in the receiver. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-approximated-square-pulse-with-its-gaussian-icsrlq48.png Figure 1 Approximated square pulse with its Gaussian equivalent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-time-determination-using-the-leading-edge-detection-3auyj3f3.png Figure 7 Time determination using the leading edge detection method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sampling-bundle-diagram-for-19-samples-ou7c6s18.png Figure 2 Sampling bundle diagram for 19 samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-walk-error-caused-by-different-pulse-amplitudes-the-3r2wgnrp.png Figure 8 Walk error caused by different pulse amplitudes. The difference in timing corresponds to 0.1019 m of range error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-time-determination-using-the-constant-fraction-jq8m8iwy.png Figure 9 Time determination using the constant fraction method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-power-distribution-across-a-circular-ladar-beam-34vvmsxb.png Figure 3. Power distribution across a circular ladar beam cross sectional area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-time-determination-using-the-crossover-method-3rs9a6ap.png Figure 11 Time determination using the crossover method. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-and-experimentation-of-a-microfluidic-device-25jqk678rd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-top-view-of-an-ewod-model-slof5ece.png Fig. 2 Top view of an EWOD model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-of-cross-sectional-view-of-the-device-1pqvse71.png Fig. 5 Schematic of cross-sectional view of the device https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-measurements-of-the-contact-angle-change-by-ewod-in-a-2xf8u4kn.png Fig. 6 Measurements of the contact angle change by EWOD in a water droplet on a 3,000 Å dielectric layer of silicon nitride coated with 500 Å Teflon https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-evolution-of-the-pressure-difference-against-grid-28jadyc4.png Fig. 8 Evolution of the pressure difference against grid density https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-block-diagram-of-the-driving-system-249pk6vn.png Fig. 7 Block diagram of the driving system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-contact-angles-of-the-droplet-driven-by-ewod-32ipt9fi.png Fig. 9 Contact angles of the droplet driven by EWOD https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-principle-of-electrowetting-on-dielectric-ewod-a-nqs8n4ln.png Fig. 1 Principle of electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD). (a) Schematic configuration. (b) Virtual displacement of the contact line in the presence of a potential across the dielectric layer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-cutting-of-a-droplet-at-60-vdc-a-experimental-results-1ra4b7ak.png Fig. 11 Cutting of a droplet at 60 Vdc: (a) experimental results; (b) simulation results https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-based-optimization-algorithms-for-finite-horizon-4085g5lzqn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-of-the-costs-to-go-p-aca-versus-8ioi9x5r.png Figure 10. Comparison of the costs-to-go: P-ACA versus approximate DP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-optimal-policy-computed-using-algorithm-p-aca-i5vpdijm.png Figure 9. Optimal policy computed using Algorithm P-ACA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-actions-of-maximum-probability-obtained-from-2f2wjyo6.png Figure 4. Actions of maximum probability obtained from converged RPAFA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-converged-policy-using-algorithm-dpafa-for-discrete-8vtsei9c.png Figure 5. Converged policy using Algorithm DPAFA for discrete action setting https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-finite-horizon-cost-using-algorithm-aca-for-compact-3puhjamm.png Figure 6. Finite-Horizon cost using Algorithm ACA for compact action setting https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-finite-horizon-cost-using-algorithm-rpafa-for-320hm7c9.png Figure 7. Finite-Horizon cost using Algorithm RPAFA for discrete action setting https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-observed-e-ir-for-the-proposed-algorithms-2016593a.png Table 2. Observed E ir for the proposed algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-converged-policy-using-algorithm-aca-for-compact-dnt3yzit.png Figure 3. Converged policy using Algorithm ACA for compact action setting https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-based-robust-optimization-of-limited-stop-bus-2axeq0c1bx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-map-of-bus-route-number-113-2p6dsx5g.png Fig. 6. A map of Bus Route Number 113 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-number-of-skipped-stops-under-different-risk-1n2m0uod.png Fig. 10. Number of skipped stops under different risk thresholds for different schemes Fig. 10 presents the number of skipped stops under different risk threshold values 劇. The threshold corresponds to the maximal value of standard deviation. We observe that the number of skipped stops and stop patterns of four cases (i.e., static demand with overtaking; dynamic demand with overtaking; static demand without overtaking; dynamic demand without overtaking) are quite distinctive. This suggests that neglecting overtaking and demand dynamics may lead to potential planning errors. In particular, the number of skipped stops with overtaking is generally smaller than that without overtaking. This results from cost trade-offs between passengers and operators. Evidently, serving more stops could reduce the average passenger waiting time cost at the expense of increasing operation cost. Because overtaking reduces the moving bottleneck effect along the route and allows for running considerably more frequent service, the in-vehicle travel time will be less affected by serving more stops in the case with overtaking. Consequently, fewer skipped stops can be expected to reduce the passengers’ waiting time and total cost. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-stop-patterns-of-four-schemes-ju-sin-nadodo-1oo56g8u.png Table 3 Stop patterns of four schemes (劇 噺 などど) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-pareto-optimal-solutions-of-total-costs-for-different-3g2u567o.png Fig. 11. Pareto-optimal solutions of total costs for different scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-limited-stop-service-uixglm6i.png Fig. 1 Illustration of limited-stop service https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-pareto-optimal-solutions-of-total-cost-savings-from-4u6lwapi.png Fig. 17. Pareto-optimal solutions of total cost savings from overtaking operation under different headways https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primary-notations-used-in-this-article-1oudzj53.png Table 1 Primary notations used in this article https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-passenger-arrival-rate-over-time-at-different-bus-gi2yc7gp.png Fig. 8. Passenger arrival rate over time at different bus stops https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-based-decision-support-tool-for-early-stages-of-mzk02tcy2i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tool-workflow-scheme-14fcb9i9.png Fig. 5. Tool workflow scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-classification-of-bps-tools-pre-and-post-design-s8yens3l.png Fig. 2. Classification of BPS Tools pre- and post-design decisions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reference-model-and-output-plots-1iflpfjq.png Table 3 Reference model and output plots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-mean-time-per-task-3v64witm.png Fig. 12. Mean time per task. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-binary-success-data-for-performing-simulation-fiz2ur5t.png Fig. 13. Binary success data for performing simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-evolution-of-bps-tools-in-the-last-10-years-diepmzdq.png Fig. 1. Evolution of BPS Tools in the last 10 years. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-flowch-18ycu7k8.png Fig. 6. The flowch https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-model-and-output-plots-for-design-alternatives-1citd97b.png Fig. 11. model and output plots for design alternatives comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-driven-processing-function-development-offering-80y8nrzhsg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-to-be-scenario-2lrwvgio.png Figure 2. The To-Be scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-processing-function-decomposition-8ju5c6bt.png Figure 3. Processing function decomposition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-considerations-for-simulations-in-different-4bmfehn0.png Table 1. Considerations for simulations in different situations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-example-of-a-general-flow-chart-in-the-proposed-26n7e2go.png Figure 4. An example of a general flow chart in the proposed methodology, including both computer- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-different-concepts-fulfilling-the-design-point-33pec3c2.png Figure 7. Different concepts fulfilling the design point. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-part-of-the-studied-companies-business-13axf1fv.png Figure 1. A part of the studied companies’ business. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-of-a-virtual-model-16ioqcz0.png Figure 5. Example of a virtual model. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-model-for-dynamics-of-three-types-of-annual-2nr8jig6ee 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-same-as-in-figure-1-but-for-the-pair-m-c-3e2to4aw.png Figure 3: Same as in Figure 1, but for the pair (M,C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-same-as-in-figure-7-but-for-the-pair-v-c-33hh2d5q.png Figure 8: Same as in Figure 7, but for the pair (V,C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-same-as-in-figure-7-but-for-the-pair-m-c-3eq69u1y.png Figure 9: Same as in Figure 7, but for the pair (M,C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-temporal-dependen-e-of-the-abundan-e-of-plants-114v02fa.png Figure 1: Temporal dependen e of the abundan e of plants Valerianella and Mysotis for three values of prV M - preferen e of hoosing a Valerianella seed from a site ontaining both types of seeds. See eq.(8). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-same-as-in-figure-1-but-for-the-pair-v-c-1podzczy.png Figure 2: Same as in Figure 1, but for the pair (V,C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-abundan-e-of-plants-taken-at-di-erent-simulation-75bo7ou9.png Figure 7: Abundan e of plants taken at di erent simulation times, Tm, for the pair (V,M), as a fun tion of prV M https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-redu-ed-fra-tion-of-the-same-plants-in-the-von-pb2to6ht.png Figure 5: Redu ed fra tion of the same plants in the von Neumann neighbourhood (see eq.(9)) taken after 60 years, for the three pairs of plants and as fun tions of prkl. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-seeds-open-symbols-and-seedlings-su-esses-as-fun-7m0i5fmm.png Figure 6: Seeds (open symbols) and seedlings su esses as fun tions of the prkl parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-evaluation-of-synthetic-vision-as-an-enabling-3tq7bmcyfa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-approach-lighting-system-configurations-vfr-left-3myidwl8.png Figure 1. Approach Lighting System Configurations – VFR (left), MALSR (center), and ALSF-2 (right) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primary-experiment-matrix-ezo81hxq.png Table 1: Primary Experiment Matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-quantitative-approach-performance-standards-1bysk8l9.png Table II: Quantitative Approach Performance Standards https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-percentage-approaches-successfully-meeting-2ltzqxer.png Table III: Percentage Approaches Successfully Meeting Approach Performance Standards https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-integration-flight-deck-simulation-facility-with-3nfyhotr.png Figure 2. Integration Flight Deck Simulation Facility with HUD and Head-Down Research Display (HD-RD). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-landing-performance-data-for-1200-rvr-top-1800-rvr-1z3jmnf7.png Figure 7. Landing Performance Data for 1200 RVR (top), 1800 RVR (middle), and 2400 RVR (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-percentage-of-completed-landings-by-rvr-and-als-mmyk2ksy.png Figure 6. Percentage of Completed Landings by RVR and ALS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hud-symbology-1smymkhc.png Figure 3. HUD Symbology https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-3d-diamond-detectors-2i8un18yvc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plots-showing-the-electric-field-in-a-3d-detector-hl2w53ej.png Figure 3: Plots showing the electric field in a 3D detector with intact electrodes (a) and with a missing or broken electrode (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plot-showing-the-simulated-charge-collected-by-the-1bmxdyoq.png Figure 1: Plot showing the simulated charge collected by the right-most line of signal electrodes due to hits in the the quarter cell between (0,0) and (75,75) when a bias columns is missing from (75,75). The columns are connected together along the Y direction to match the geometry of the detector used in the experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-image-showing-the-magnitude-and-direction-of-the-m3til0at.png Figure 2: Image showing the magnitude and direction of the weighting field due to a set of connected signal columns, which determines the measured signal according to Ramo’s theorem[11]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-plots-showing-the-amplitude-of-the-current-pulse-3kjif5zi.png Figure 6: Plots showing the amplitude of the current pulse due to a 4 MeV proton hit obtained experimentally as a function of position at +60V (a) and -60V (b), as well as the simulated the amplitude of the current pulse obtained by simulation as a function of position at +60V (c) and -60V (d). The plots represent an area of a quarter cell, where a readout column is located at (0,0) and a bias column is located at (60,60) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-image-showing-the-detector-used-for-the-tribic-d20e6qs0.png Figure 4: Image showing the detector used for the TRIBIC experiment, which was also simulated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plot-showing-a-typical-comparison-of-a-current-vj15ti6d.png Figure 5: Plot showing a typical comparison of a current pulse generated in the experiment, and a simulated current pulse. The structure visible in the simulated pulse is due to the different arrival times of electrons and holes at the respective electrodes. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-models-of-dengue-transmission-in-funchal-madeira-nglkcizgau 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-definitions-and-ranges-of-the-models-parameters-31s4dteg.png Table 2. Definitions and ranges of the model’s parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-quantities-of-interest-qoi-as-a-function-of-arrival-2a1v7srt.png Fig 3. Quantities of interest (QOI) as a function of arrival date. QOI vs date of arrival that resulted in an epidemic by calendar date. The x-axis is the date of arrival of an infectious human, the simulation start date of February 15. The blue square points represent the time to peak infection in humans (in days). The red diamond points represent the maximum number of humans infected at any given point during the simulation. The green circle points represent the final (or cumulative) epidemic size at the end of the simulation; this is represented as the proportion of humans infected (rather than number). Simulations for arrivals dates in July to September had a classical unimodal peak, while other dates resulted in a prolonged low-level transmission, with bimodal peaks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-epidemic-progression-in-the-human-and-mosquito-kr3e2xx5.png Fig 2. The epidemic progression in the human and mosquito populations. The y-axis is the number of humans or mosquitoes in the simulation and the x-axis is the 2-year simulation dates with a start date of February 15. tcrit = arrival date of infectious human; maxIh = the epidemic peak size, the maximum human infected at any given point during the simulation. (A) indicates the disease progression in the human population, for an arrival date of an infectious human on August 29. (C) indicates disease progression for an arrival date of an infectious human on October 7. (B) and (D) show the disease progression in the mosquito population for the respective dates of arrival. (A) shows a classical rapid epidemic, with a unimodal response, with the peak occurring few weeks after virus introduction; while (C) shows a prolonged period of lower-level transmission, resulting in a bimodal response. Default parameters from Table 2 were used for these simulations, except for dates of arrival of infectious human. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sensitivity-analysis-of-the-models-quantities-of-3cnpiqjo.png Table 3. Sensitivity analysis of the model’s quantities of interest (QOI). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-final-epidemic-size-across-different-seasonal-2te76cc7.png Fig 5. Final epidemic size across different seasonal temperature regimes. Heat map of final epidemic size (represented as the proportion of humans infected rather than number) as a function of mean annual temperature and temperature range. Temperature regimes here is given by Tmean varied from 15˚C to 30˚C and Trange varied from 0˚C to 15˚C, a total of 5776 simulations. Default parameters from Table 2 were used for these simulations, except for temperature parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-model-sv-ev-and-iv-2on1dsd6.png Fig 1. Schematic representation of the model. Sv, Ev, and Iv represent the susceptible, exposed, and infectious compartments of the mosquito population. Sh, Eh, Ih, and Rh represent the susceptible, exposed, infectious, and recovered compartments of the human population, respectively. The outline arrows are the transition from one compartment to the next, and the black filled arrows are the direction of transmission. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-quantities-of-interest-qoi-as-a-function-of-starting-1srmlh15.png Fig 4. Quantities of interest (QOI) as a function of starting temperature. The x-axis is the starting temperatures within each set of temperature regimes and the y-axis is the associated value of the QOI being considered. Starting temperature is the temperature on August 15 calculated from Tmean and Trange. The blue square points represent the time to peak infection in humans (in days). The red diamond points represent the maximum number of humans infected at any given point during the simulation. The green circle points represent represents the final (or cumulative) epidemic size at the end of the simulation; this is represented as the proportion of humans infected (rather than number). (A) represents the historical temperature regimes, given by Tmean varied from 19˚C to 22˚C and Trange varied from 4˚C to 6˚C (both in increments of 0.2˚C), a total of 121 simulations. (B) represents the second set of temperature regimes, given by Tmean varied from 15˚C to 30˚C and Trange varied from 0˚C to 15.0˚C, a total of 5776 simulations. Due to the fixed starting date, multiple combinations of Tmean and Trange had the same starting temperature. As no other parameters were varied in these simulation sets, QOI and model behavior was identical for simulations with the same starting temperatures and overlapping points are not visible on the graphs. The default parameters from Table 2 were used for these simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-state-variables-for-the-model-wttfd1ol.png Table 1. State variables for the model. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-numerique-du-transfert-thermique-incluant-l-2v51lfgsx7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparaison-entre-les-resultats-experimentaux-et-les-2v3ep54y.png Fig. 3. Comparaison entre les résultats expérimentaux et les résultats calculés. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effet-de-la-vitesse-de-retrait-29yogde1.png Fig. 4. Effet de la vitesse de retrait. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-positions-de-linterface-solide-liquide-et-profil-de-la-3807uwww.png Fig. 5. Positions de l’interface solide-liquide et profil de la température (isothermes) pour des vitesses de retrait (a) 0,00163 m.s−1, (b) 0,00254 m.s−1 et (c) 0,00381 m.s−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagramme-schematique-et-geometrie-de-la-coulee-20r1h3be.png Fig. 1. Diagramme schématique et géométrie de la coulée continue avec refroidissement direct. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-effet-de-la-vitesse-de-retrait-sur-a-la-temperature-a-2w6pa5mh.png Fig. 8. Effet de la vitesse de retrait sur (a) la température à l’axe (b) la température à la surface extérieure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effet-de-la-vitesse-de-retrait-sur-le-champ-de-vitesse-2r80hs1q.png Fig. 6. Effet de la vitesse de retrait sur le champ de vitesse (a) 0,00163 m.s−1, (b) 0,00254 m.s−1 et (c) 0,00381 m.s−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effet-de-la-vitesse-de-retrait-sur-le-flux-de-chaleur-d1d6jsuf.png Fig. 7. Effet de la vitesse de retrait sur le flux de chaleur à la surface des billettes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-chaleur-specifique-combinee-incluant-leffet-de-la-34c4ydi5.png Fig. 2. Chaleur spécifique combinée incluant l’effet de la chaleur latente dans l’intervalle 2∆T au voisinage de la température de fusion. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-asymmetric-solar-wind-electron-distributions-3e0i4w3m9h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-asymmetric-electron-distribution-function-1y295f0f.png FIG. 1. Color online Asymmetric electron distribution function simulated using a single component of the electron beam population initially drifting in the background plasma. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-frequency-wave-number-dispersion-relation-32hdokzj.png FIG. 4. Color online Frequency-wave number dispersion relation spectra at three different time interval during which symmetric electron distribution function shown in Fig. 3 was generated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-symmetric-electron-distribution-function-1vel8ceh.png FIG. 3. Color online Symmetric electron distribution function simulated with initially counterstreaming beams immersed in the background plasma. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-frequency-wave-number-spectra-at-three-2m39exjg.png FIG. 2. Color online Frequency-wave number spectra at three different time intervals during which asymmetric electron distribution function shown in Fig. 1 is formed. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-an-antihydrogen-gravity-experiment-utilizing-1esxzxgca9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-results-for-single-aperture-monte-carlo-2rgqei1r.png TABLE 1. Summary of results for single-aperture Monte Carlo simulations and analytical calculations. Parameters that are https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-conceptual-illustration-depicting-relevant-26wqji6e.png FIGURE 2. A conceptual illustration depicting relevant parameters corresponding to each aperture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-conceptual-illustration-of-an-experimental-2fk4tenh.png FIGURE 1. A conceptual illustration of an experimental https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-airflow-past-a-2d-naca0015-airfoil-using-an-5c1w6eii6y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-naca0015-lift-and-drag-coefficients-for-flow-past-17i3kb5z.png Figure 13: NACA0015: Lift and drag coefficients for flow past a fixed NACA0015 airfoil at α = 6◦ and Re = 2.5 × 106. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-naca0015-surface-pressure-plot-for-a-6-simulation-3tt6y5o2.png Figure 14: NACA0015: Surface pressure plot for α = 6◦. Simulation run for grid B2 with p = 1, p = 2 and p = 3, ∆t = 0.0005. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-naca0015-surface-pressure-plot-of-leading-edge-for-1r4bfg9x.png Figure 15: NACA0015: Surface pressure plot of leading edge for α = 6◦. Simulation run for grid B2 with p = 1, p = 2 and p = 3, ∆t = 0.0005. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-naca0015-detailed-refinement-information-about-3ahltxpz.png Table 1: NACA0015: Detailed refinement information about simulation meshes B0, B1 and B2. Edge grading factor is given by r, and npts is the number of points along the airfoil surface whilst n is the number of inserted knots along the given edge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-naca0015-grading-factor-illustration-zoomed-of-the-207pm7l0.png Figure 3: NACA0015: Grading factor illustration (zoomed) of the innermost patches close to the airfoil for the different meshes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-naca0015-lift-and-drag-coefficients-for-flow-past-a-1wtz3ony.png Table 6: NACA0015: Lift and drag coefficients for flow past a fixed NACA0015 airfoil at α = 0◦ and Re = 2.5 × 106. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-naca0015-surface-pressure-plot-of-leading-edge-for-72x5ni3g.png Figure 20: NACA0015: Surface pressure plot of leading edge for α = 12◦. Simulation run for grid B2 with p = 1, p = 2 and p = 3, ∆t = 0.0005 for p = 1, 2, ∆t = 0.00035 for p = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-naca0015-surface-pressure-plot-of-trailing-edge-147enxu2.png Figure 19: NACA0015: Surface pressure plot of trailing edge for α = 12◦. Simulation run for grid B2 with p = 1, p = 2 and p = 3, ∆t = 0.0005 for p = 1, 2, ∆t = 0.00035 for p = 3. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-core-turbulence-measurement-in-tore-supra-1qhpmc4c9t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-phase-fluctuations-in-the-loc-left-hand-side-and-the-44v22jlh.png FIG. 5. Phase fluctuations in the LOC (left hand-side) and the SOC (right hand-side) regimes: (a) and (b) results from the 1D X-mode Helmholtz code (full lines) and analytical expression (dashed lines); (c) and (d) results from the 1D O-mode Helmholtz code (full lines) and analytical expression (dashed lines); and (e) and (f) results from the 2D O-mode FD-TD code. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-comparison-of-the-1d-simulation-results-for-the-o-35qhj9jt.png FIG. 6. A comparison of the 1D simulation results for the O and X mode polarizations: signal spectra in (a) the LOC regime and (b) the SOC regime. The full and the dashed lines represent the spectra of the phase / and of the complex signal ej/, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-comparison-of-the-1d-and-2d-simulation-results-in-t3hildty.png FIG. 7. A comparison of the 1D and 2D simulation results in the LOC (left hand-side) and the SOC (right handside) regimes: (a) and (b) signal spectra for O-mode and (c) and (d) zoom of (a) and (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-gene-simulations-of-the-tore-supra-ohmic-discharge-1qng1t2o.png FIG. 1. GENE simulations of the Tore Supra ohmic discharge #48102 in the LOC (left hand-side) and the SOC (right hand-side) regimes: (a) and (b) radial profiles of electron density, electron temperature, and magnetic field used as inputs; (c) and (d) density fluctuations in the poloidal section at initial time t¼ 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-level-of-signal-fluctuations-in-the-loc-left-hand-pll7ttsk.png FIG. 8. The level of signal fluctuations in the LOC (left hand-side) and the SOC (right hand-side) regimes: (a) and (b) amplitude of phase fluctuations vs. the poloidal angle, (c) and (d) spectrogram of phase fluctuations vs. the poloidal angle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-radial-profiles-of-the-cut-off-frequencies-for-the-jxi7m1v4.png FIG. 3. Radial profiles of the cut-off frequencies for the Tore Supra ohmic discharge #48102 in the LOC (left hand-side) and the SOC (right handside) regimes: (a) and (b) X-mode upper cut-off frequency and (c) and (d) O-mode cut-off frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-gene-simulations-of-the-tore-supra-ohmic-discharge-omkhvhxm.png FIG. 2. GENE simulations of the Tore Supra ohmic discharge #48102 in the LOC (left hand-side) and the SOC (right hand-side) regimes: (a) and (b) time evolution of the radial density fluctuations in the LFS mid-plane and (c) and (d) radial profiles of the fluctuation poloidal rotation velocity in the LFS mid-plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-comparison-between-the-synthetic-reflectometry-2ff6flkr.png FIG. 9. A comparison between the synthetic reflectometry simulation (left hand-side) and experiment results (right hand-side) for the fluctuation spectra in the LOC and SOC regimes. Reprinted with permission from Arnichand et al., Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 58, 014037 (2016). Copyright 2016 EURATOM. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-differentials-in-four-wheel-drive-vehicles-3j2jx6m9bk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-time-evolution-of-torque-and-rotation-speed-of-3oc2fsfi.png FIGURE 13. TIME EVOLUTION OF TORQUE AND ROTATION SPEED OF HOUSING AND OUTPUT SHAFTS OF TYPE B TORSEN ON VEHICULE CONFIGURATION https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-contact-condition-projection-of-slave-node-on-3ldhca8b.png FIGURE 6. CONTACT CONDITION - PROJECTION OF SLAVE NODE ON MASTER SURFACE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-torque-distribution-on-each-wheel-for-a-four-wheel-2mhkn461.png FIGURE 15. TORQUE DISTRIBUTION ON EACH WHEEL FOR A FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH THREE TORSEN DIFFERENTIALS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-locking-effect-of-torsen-differential-when-t1-t2-is-anbxq6pc.png FIGURE 1. LOCKING EFFECT OF TORSEN DIFFERENTIAL (WHEN T1+T2 IS CONSTANT) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-configuration-on-test-bench-b-configuration-on-3uff9646.png FIGURE 7. (A) CONFIGURATION ON TEST BENCH (B) CONFIGURATION ON VEHICLE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-academic-four-wheel-drive-vehicle-model-with-three-66nl0sdf.png FIGURE 14. ACADEMIC FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE VEHICLE MODEL WITH THREE DIFFERENTIALS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-simulation-of-type-b-torsen-on-test-bench-for-24l6ltb9.png FIGURE 12. SIMULATION OF TYPE B TORSEN ON TEST BENCH FOR DRIVE AND COAST MODES WITH TORQUE BIASING TO THE RIGHT WHEEL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kinematic-diagram-exploded-diagram-and-cut-away-1cdkzifj.png FIGURE 2. KINEMATIC DIAGRAM, EXPLODED DIAGRAM AND CUT-AWAY VIEW OF TYPE C TORSEN DIFFERENTIAL https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-dissolution-in-porous-media-in-three-1zuvq9kn2z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-surface-area-computed-for-3-geometries-using-a-22ohobkn.png Table 1 – The surface area computed for 3 geometries using a) the grid surface area and b) 290 the scaled grid surface area, relative to the analytical surface area. 291 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-value-of-the-superbee-limiter-as-a-function-of-1vsshuhh.png Figure 3 – The value of the superbee limiter 𝛹 𝑟! as a function of the curvature sensor 𝑟!. 389 The limiter takes on values of 0 for 𝑟! ≤ 0 and 2 when 𝑟! ≥ 2. 390 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-375-7rj2kygs.png Figures 375 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-grid-cell-at-position-with-solid-fraction-an-3nypzgut.png Figure 8 – A grid cell at position 𝒓! with solid fraction 𝜎(𝒓!). An exposed cell face is shown 413 with the unit normal vector 𝒏!, and 8 perpendicular neighbours at displacements 𝑑𝒓!. A 414 Cartesian coordinate system is defined on the face so that 𝒛 = 𝒏!. 415 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-textured-surfaces-a-a-discrete-plane-in-2-2hjpldmk.png Figure 10 – Textured surfaces: a) a discrete plane in 2 dimensions, b) a discrete plane in 3 420 dimensions and c) a smooth cylinder in which boundary nodes are partially filled according 421 to their overlap with the circular radius. 422 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-concentration-of-a-tracer-plotted-along-280boyez.png Figure 5 – Concentration of a tracer plotted along characteristic lines of the geometry. Solid 398 lines: second order flux-limiter transport model; dashed lines: COMSOL calculation. (N.B. for 399 greyscale versions of this figure: the order of the curves from top to bottom corresponds to 400 that of the legend read from left to right and downwards) 401 https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-diversified-portfolios-in-a-continuous-3kl5qraboo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-6-simulated-squared-volatility-under-the-gmmm-vh5ffbgz.png Figure 8.6: Simulated squared volatility under the GMMM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-4-simulated-benchmarked-gop-ewi-and-mci-under-the-3oa53buf.png Figure 7.4: Simulated benchmarked GOP, EWI and MCI under the MMM model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-3-simulated-gop-ewi-and-mci-under-the-mmm-model-in-17vekja1.png Figure 7.3: Simulated GOP, EWI and MCI under the MMM model in the logscale https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-4-simulated-benchmarked-gop-ewi-and-mci-under-the-2xknz0c3.png Figure 6.4: Simulated benchmarked GOP, EWI and MCI under the geometric Ornstein-Uhlenbeck volatility model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3-simulated-gop-ewi-and-mci-under-the-geometric-3qytsfev.png Figure 6.3: Simulated GOP, EWI and MCI under the geometric OrnsteinUhlenbeck volatility model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-7-simulated-gop-ewi-and-mci-under-the-gmmm-model-in-r73xkwej.png Figure 8.7: Simulated GOP, EWI and MCI under the GMMM model in the log-scale https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-8-simulated-benchmarked-gop-ewi-and-mci-under-the-aoofp49d.png Figure 8.8: Simulated benchmarked GOP, EWI and MCI under the GMMM model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-simulated-benchmarked-gop-ewi-and-mci-under-the-3a9x0ptn.png Figure 3.3: Simulated benchmarked GOP, EWI and MCI under the Black-Scholes model https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-dynamics-coupling-in-piezoelectric-tube-4se49b454m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-material-properties-of-pzt-5h-3jn5izkr.png TABLE I. Material properties of PZT-5H. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-frfs-for-y-displacement-of-measurement-mi3o2lq4.png FIG. 6. Comparison of FRFs for y-displacement of measurement solid curve , full finite element model dashed curve , and reduced low order model dasheddotted curve for single electrode excitation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-frfs-for-z-displacement-of-measurement-w5qslln0.png FIG. 7. Comparison of FRFs for z-displacement of measurement solid curve , full finite element model dashed curve , and reduced low order model dasheddotted curve for single electrode excitation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-setup-of-the-piezoelectric-tube-scanner-where-v-is-the-1zh5vegw.png FIG. 1. Setup of the piezoelectric tube scanner, where v is the applied voltage and mv is the measured voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-frfs-for-induced-voltage-on-x-electrode-1lpal6pf.png FIG. 8. Comparison of FRFs for induced voltage on x-electrode of measurement solid curve , full finite element model dashed curve , and reduced low order model dashed-dotted curve for single electrode excitation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-of-frfs-for-induced-voltage-on-y-electrode-11dzzau4.png FIG. 9. Comparison of FRFs for induced voltage on y-electrode of measurement solid curve , full finite element model dashed curve , and reduced low order model dashed-dotted curve for single electrode excitation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-summary-of-the-full-fe-modal-analysis-32o237vp.png TABLE II. Summary of the full FE modal analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3d-finite-element-mode-shapes-with-sample-mass-from-fxdwq9om.png FIG. 3. 3D finite element mode shapes with sample mass; from left to right: first longitudinal bending mode, second longitudinal bending mode, third longitudinal bending mode, first circumferential bending mode, and second circumferential bending mode. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-enteric-colonisation-by-and-screening-for-2bwibgrm14 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sensitivity-specificity-of-molecular-tests-in-uwn07o9g.png Table 2. Sensitivity & specificity of molecular tests in reference to culture with 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-number-of-false-positive-result-cpe-gene-2twk9h4s.png Table 3. The number of false positive result CPE gene detection results by each molecular test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-kpc-model-comparison-of-detection-limits-between-two-1rp8yu6f.png Fig 1. KPC Model: Comparison of detection limits between two CPE selective agars (mean og10 cfu/mL ± SE) and two molecular assays (mean 1/Ct ± SE) for the detection of KPC producing K. pneumoniae in Model A between periods B-D. The black dotted line represents the limit of detection for culture media (growth of a single colony; 0.82 log10 cfu/mL). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-detection-of-cpe-during-the-twice-daily-sampling-an-3sl12n2w.png Table 2. Sensitivity & specificity of molecular tests in reference to culture with 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ndm-model-comparison-of-detection-limits-between-two-38maqg2e.png Fig 3. NDM model: Comparison of detection limits between two CPE selective agars (mean log10 cfu/mL ± SE) and two molecular assays (mean 1/Ct ± SE) for the detection of KPC producing K. pneumoniae in Model A between periods B - D. The black dotted line represents the limit of detection for culture media (growth of a single colony; 0.82 log10 cfu/mL). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-approximate-numbers-of-cpe-added-to-the-model-kmg14i08.png Table 1. Approximate numbers of CPE added to the model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-oxa-48-model-comparison-of-detection-limits-between-1x5btlcr.png Fig 2. OXA 48 Model: Comparison of detection limits between two CPE selective agars (mean log10 cfu/mL ± SE) and two molecular assays (mean 1/Ct ± SE) for the detection of KPC producing K. pneumoniae in Model A between periods B - D. The black dotted line represents the limit of detection for culture media (growth of a single colony; 0.82 log10 cfu/mL). https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-epidemic-models-with-generally-distributed-44noejnpph 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-susceptible-latent-infectious-quarantined-removed-stsh14es.png Figure 6: A Susceptible- Latent- Infectious- Quarantined- Removed (SEIQR) model. The notation on top of each stage indicates the associated statistical distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-simulation-of-the-seiqr-model-of-figure-6-3d80ek26.png Figure 7: A simulation of the SEIQR model of Figure 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-an-ebola-transmission-model-adapted-from-legrand-et-26sdukgr.png Figure 8: An Ebola transmission model adapted from Legrand et al. (2007), in which hospitalized and unburied are a source of infection. S, Susceptible individuals; E, Exposed individuals; I, Infectious; H, hospitalized; F, dead but not yet buried; R, removed. Di(·) indicates some general distribution for the duration in stage i described in Table 2. The total infection rate is Θ = (λII + λHH + λFF )S/N . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-single-simulation-of-an-ebola-epidemics-depicted-2zp37po5.png Figure 9: A single simulation of an Ebola epidemics depicted in Figure 8 in which hospitalized and unburied are a source of infection. The duration in each stage is described in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-distributions-used-to-simulate-the-ebola-model-3oc27a9v.png Table 2: The distributions used to simulate the Ebola model from Legrand et al. (2007) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-main-differences-between-deterministic-and-3mb5s1xf.png Figure 1: The main differences between deterministic and stochastic models can be shown in this Figure. Suppose that at time t = 0 there is only one individual in compartment X. In a deterministic model this individual is drained continuously at a rate λ and a fraction p of this goes to compartment Y , thus, after some finite time t, this individual is spread among the three compartments, whereas in a stochastic model the individual is in only one of them. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-individual-exposure-fj-0-t-in-both-cases-the-3bo0pn37.png Figure 4: The individual exposure fj(0, t). In both cases the sojourn time in each of the five stages S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 are: [1, 2, 0.5, 3, 1.8]. In (a) the contact rates are [0, 1, 0, 1, 0] whereas in (b) these are [0, 1, 0, 0.5, 0], that is, stage S4 is half infectious in the second case, resulting in a smaller individual exposure. The arrows at the end of both lines indicate the exposure remains constant starting stage 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-possible-paths-after-infection-with-their-3d1ezgp8.png Table 1: Possible paths after infection with their probabilities. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-high-voltage-direct-current-filters-3z9fdrnxxf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-harmonic-limits-8-1geebxza.png TABLE 1. HARMONIC LIMITS [8] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-hvdc-transmission-link-simulation-block-diagram-3p6i6u1u.png Figure 1: An HVDC transmission link simulation block diagram [5] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulated-inverter-phase-current-characteristic-373c79uc.png Figure 2: Simulated inverter phase current characteristic harmonics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-test-cases-2z6dndpv.png TABLE 2. TEST CASES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rectifier-interface-voltage-harmonics-under-2vtu9shy.png Figure 3: Rectifier interface voltage harmonics under different conditions https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-intense-beams-for-heavy-ion-fusion-59cb9eujoq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-wall-desorbed-electron-density-logarithmic-scale-as-i56001u3.png FIG. 5: Wall-desorbed electron density (logarithmic scale) as simulated in WARP; electrons in 45-degree regions are caused by first-flight reflected ions: (a) full orbit, ∆t = 0.25/fce; (b) interpolated mover, ∆t 25 times larger. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-lsp-simulation-of-neutralized-compression-and-d2xkr85o.png FIG. 11: LSP simulation of neutralized compression and focusing in model Modular Driver beam. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-3d-warp-simulation-of-an-ideal-ibx-line-charge-at-100-34l0h4qp.png FIG. 8: 3D WARP simulation of an “ideal” IBX: line-charge at 100 successive times (vertically offset). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3d-warp-simulation-of-planned-merging-beamlets-i4r7fzce.png FIG. 1: 3D WARP simulation of planned merging-beamlets experiment on STS-500: (a) side view (z, x); (b) phase space (x, x′); (c) evolution of (x, x′) normalized emittance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-roadmap-for-self-consistent-beam-simulation-including-1at70ot2.png FIG. 4: “Roadmap” for self-consistent beam simulation including effects of electron cloud and gas. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-low-cycle-fatigue-in-integral-abutment-piles-igrzt1j959 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-view-of-the-leduan-river-bridge-2xm0lvoe.png Fig. 1 View of the Leduån River Bridge. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-illustration-of-how-the-total-pile-strains-can-be-2c38baz4.png Fig. 8 Illustration of how the total pile strains can be separated into different type of cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-3d-model-of-the-distribution-of-both-amplitudes-and-1on4a8tp.png Fig. 10 3D-model of the distribution of both amplitudes and mean values for temperature induced strain cycles during 60 years. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-illustration-of-how-daily-strain-ranges-are-modelled-1qc28lj6.png Fig. 9 Illustration of how daily strain ranges are modelled. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-log-normal-distributions-illustrated-by-the-result-3btlk394.png Fig. 3 Log-normal distributions, illustrated by the result from a Monte Carlo simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-of-results-from-cumulative-fatigue-13ddf79i.png Table 1 Example of results from cumulative fatigue simulations, with the original soil model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-variation-of-bridge-length-for-a-composite-bridge-with-2imbnff7.png Fig. 4 Variation of bridge length for a composite bridge with a single span of 40.0 m, located in Kiruna. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-vehicle-gross-weight-distribution-at-road-e22strangnas-34i7b4rw.png Fig. 5 Vehicle gross weight distribution at road E22Strängnäs. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-liberation-and-transport-of-radium-from-tcrt8pb0f3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cumulative-rate-of-uranium-release-bq-yr-745dt97l.png Fig. 4. Cumulative rate of uranium release, Bq/yr. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-uranium-activity-concentration-in-the-well-water-bq-l-rul9it0i.png Fig. 3. Uranium activity concentration in the well water, Bq/L. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cumulative-rate-of-radium-release-bq-yr-26f3ne94.png Fig. 2. Cumulative rate of radium release, Bq/yr. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-radium-activity-concentration-in-the-well-water-bq-l-2a9xhiph.png Fig. 1. Radium activity concentration in the well water, Bq/L. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-macromolecule-self-assembly-in-solution-a-7miqotjfb6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sketch-of-the-cijm-simulated-in-this-work-the-3mdmw3di.png FIGURE 4. Sketch of the CIJM simulated in this work. The diameter of the inlet pipes is 1 mm, the chamber diameter and height are 5 and 11.2 mm, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-operating-conditions-for-each-flow-rate-all-nuqu7gav.png TABLE 1. Operating conditions. For each flow rate all concentrations are investigated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-contour-plots-of-mean-radius-of-gyration-in-the-27rihupr.png FIGURE 5. Contour plots of mean radius of gyration in the middle of the CIJM at an initial PCL concentration of 10 mg/mLFrom left to right and top to bottom the flow rates are 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 120 mL min-1. The acetone and PCL inlet is on the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representation-of-the-three-different-scales-q7qmcz1z.png FIGURE 1. Representation of the three different scales investigated in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-between-experimentally-measured-mean-17xq62t3.png FIGURE 6. Comparison between experimentally measured mean radius of gyration of PCL nanoparticles (symbols), taken from our previous work10, and model predictions considering the Brownian (continuous line) and Brownian plus turbulent (dashed line) self-assembly mechanisms at different flow rate values in the CIJM and different initial PCL concentrations in the acetone stream (from left to right and top to bottom: 0.5, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 25 mg mL-1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-squared-radius-of-gyration-of-pcl-molecules-at-p2cc1v25.png FIGURE 3. Squared radius of gyration of PCL molecules at different molecular weights in pure water 𝑥𝐴 = 0.00 (blue line), pure acetone 𝑥𝐴=1.00 (purple line), 𝑥𝐴 = 0.75 (green line) and 𝑥𝐴 = 0.50 (red line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temporal-evolution-of-a-pcl-molecule-with-1170-in-sae51yhy.png FIGURE 2. Temporal evolution of a PCL molecule with 𝑀𝑤 = 1170 in pure water (left) and pure acetone (right) for about 20 ns. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-multi-component-multi-phase-fluid-flow-in-two-4gmir2b82c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-definitions-of-cvd-scheme-1c9acr4m.png Figure 2: Definitions of CVD scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-result-of-vapor-saturation-in-third-test-case-at-0-2jbdi6pi.png Figure 15: Result of vapor saturation in third test case at 0.50 PVI on consequently fined grids https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-high-order-points-in-unstructured-grid-iy5oowua.png Figure 5: high-order points in unstructured grid https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-relative-error-of-first-test-case-22kktxcc.png Figure 8: Relative error of first test case https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-result-of-vapor-saturation-in-third-test-case-at-0-31yro1b8.png Figure 14: Result of vapor saturation in third test case at 0.50 PVI using high-order reconstructions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transformation-between-physical-and-computational-3qgs12hd.png Figure 3: Transformation between physical and computational domains for CVDFE method https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-various-grids-used-in-first-test-case-5ye09k69.png Figure 7: Various grids used in first test case https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-problem-properties-for-first-test-case-1109zgwn.png Table 4: Problem properties for first test case https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-multi-element-antenna-systems-for-navigation-303oi9sdy9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-phase-calibration-with-i-q-prompt-correlator-outputs-3vbxkhv4.png Fig. 6. Phase calibration with I/Q prompt correlator outputs in a software defined GNSS receiver. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-nordnavs-quad-front-end-connected-to-master-for-l1-28smiguu.png Fig. 7. NordNav’s “Quad Front End” connected to MASTER for L1 recording. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-array-geometry-3r34i6hi.png Fig. 1. Array geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-data-recording-with-interference-with-quad-front-end-3eto9n38.png Fig. 8. Data recording with interference with “Quad Front End.” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-array-antenna-on-vehicle-local-coordinate-system-is-19b69tuu.png Fig. 9. Array antenna on vehicle. Local coordinate system is blue, the fixed one is black [17]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-array-gain-pattern-obtained-with-interference-3aihzimh.png Fig. 14. Array gain pattern obtained with interference mitigation techniques for a 2-by-2 antenna array. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-results-of-direction-finding-utilizing-the-esprit-xny2o5a1.png Fig. 12. Results of direction finding utilizing the ESPRIT algorithm, crosses denote the directions of arrival simulated by MASTER, circles denote the directions estimated with ESPRIT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-overview-of-master-2nnh9c0x.png Fig. 2. Schematic overview of MASTER. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-phase-effects-in-imaging-for-mesoscale-nde-eql026ii6c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-geometry-of-phase-sensitive-radiography-coherent-x-2v9dw3ak.png FIGURE 2: Geometry of phase sensitive radiography. Coherent X Rays are generated by the source, pass through the object and emerge as the exit field ψ(x,y,z=0). The field then propagates to z and the intensity is given by |ψ(x,y,z)|2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-phase-radiography-of-a-nif-target-successfully-3iwcc7hf.png FIGURE 4: Phase radiography of a NIF target, successfully imaging the DT liquid meniscus. The experimental image (left); a HADES simulation (right). Only phase effects can image this meniscus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nif-target-issues-requiring-nde-and-diagnostic-lewswq7x.png FIGURE 1: NIF target issues requiring NDE and diagnostic probes under investigation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-8-and-30-kev-simulated-radiographic-profiles-3hn0kbl2.png FIGURE 3: 8 and 30 keV simulated radiographic profiles through a Si3N4 mandrel enclosed in a 75 µm thick diamond shell. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-oxygen-isotopes-in-a-global-ocean-model-7cvr86ijv2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-annual-mean-barotropic-streamfunction-contour-interval-17bpclqn.png Fig. 4. Annual-mean barotropic streamfunction. Contour interval is 10 Sv below a vertically integrated volume transport of 60 Sv and 20 Sv above. The dashed lines represent negative contour levels and indicate anti-clockwise circulation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hydrography-of-present-day-water-masses-the-observed-24nyfi57.png Table 3. Hydrography of present-day water masses. The observed temperature, salinity and δw are taken from GEOSECS as given in Zahn and Mix (1991) and Labeyrie et al. (1992). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-isotope-content-dp-e-of-the-annual-mean-net-surface-1prdraf0.png Fig. 13. Isotope content δP-E of the annual mean net surface fresh water flux. (a) As diagnosed from Experiment A. (b) As diagnosed from Experiment B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-annual-and-zonal-mean-tracer-distributions-for-the-48xqq0he.png Fig. 7. Annual and zonal mean tracer distributions for the present Atlantic Ocean. Difference between simulation and climatology. (a) Potential temperature. Contour interval is 0.5°C. (b) Salinity. Contour interval is 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-temperature-salinity-and-oxygen-18-characteristics-345bll1p.png Table 2. Temperature, salinity and oxygen-18 characteristics of Mediterranean Water (MW), Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). The temperature and salinity ranges are as defined by Emery and Meincke (1986). The oxygen-18 statistics is computed for the serial points from all GEOSECS stations in the Atlantic that fall into these temperature-salinity ranges. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-benthic-foraminiferal-oxygen-isotope-composition-for-32jbhgk7.png Fig. 10. Benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotope composition for the present Atlantic Ocean in units of parts per mil versus PDB (normalized to Uvigerina). Contour interval is 0.25 ‰. The δc data are compiled from 169 core sites. Some data are unpublished, but most of them are taken from the literature (Broecker 1986; Birchfield 1987; Curry et al. 1988; Zahn and Mix 1991; Labeyrie et al. 1992; Bickert 1992; McCorkle and Keigwin 1994). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sketch-of-the-global-d18o-cycle-in-our-simulations-1vw3usek.png Fig. 1. Sketch of the global δ18O cycle. In our simulations, only the oceanic part has been considered so far. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-continental-outlines-and-bathymetry-of-the-model-32ffpfwx.png Fig. 2. Continental outlines and bathymetry of the model. Contour interval is 0.5 km. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-potential-range-expansion-of-oak-disease-4g3xpvwidv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mapping-of-f0-05-and-f0-5-in-quercus-rubra-frequencies-13s00j6k.png Fig. 5 Mapping of F0.05 and F0.5 in Quercus rubra (frequencies of years with Phytophthora cinnamomi annual survival rate below the 0.05 and 0.5 thresholds) for periods 1968–1998 and 2070–2099. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-monthly-anomalies-of-temperatures-between-3ed82oy3.png Table 1 Mean monthly anomalies of temperatures between periods 2070–2099 and 1968–1998 over the whole study area https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-years-in-periods-1968-1998-and-2070-oukn86cl.png Fig. 4 Distribution of years in periods 1968–1998 and 2070–2099 with Phytophthora cinnamomi annual survival rate below the 0.05 and 0.5 thresholds: F0.05 and F0.5, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-anomalies-of-mean-monthly-minimal-temperatures-in-3vmgksi8.png Fig. 2 Anomalies of mean monthly minimal temperatures in November (a), December (b), January (c), February (d) and March (e) between periods 2070–2099 and 1968–1998, from data simulated by the Arpege model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mapping-of-f-0-05-and-f-0-5-in-quercus-robur-3njdekk6.png Fig. 6 Mapping of F 0.05 and F 0.5 in Quercus robur (frequencies of years with Phytophthora cinnamomi annual survival rate below the 0.05 and 0.5 thresholds) for the 1968–1998 and 2070–2099 periods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-anomalies-of-mean-monthly-maximal-temperatures-in-ddfo0f53.png Fig. 3 Anomalies of mean monthly maximal temperatures in November (a), December (b), January (c), February (d) and March (e) between periods 2070–2099 and 1968–1998, from data simulated by the Arpege model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-of-phytophthora-cinnamomi-in-oaks-3c3gvysf.png Fig. 1 Distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi in oaks (December 2002): data from INRA and the Département de la Santé des Forêts database (visual symptoms + isolations in most cases). Forest data from Inventaire Forestier National (http://www.ifn.fr/). https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-rotary-motion-generated-by-head-to-head-carbon-54g9jfc26m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-hysteresis-behavior-indicated-by-distance-bias-plots-3c8otx3p.png Fig. 7. Hysteresis behavior indicated by distance-bias plots of MWNT shuttle during the increasing and decreasing voltage cycles. Insets show the profiles of center-of-distance separation between shell 1(inner tube), shell 2 and outer tube for “ON”-to-“OFF” transition. (a) a bias between 5-to- 20V generates an oscillatory motion while (b) a bias up to 37V generate the contact state between both inner tubes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-forces-acting-on-a-terminus-atom-located-within-an-w9dvlflq.png Fig. 3. (a) Forces acting on a terminus atom located within an inner shell. Feii is the attractive electrostatic force between oppositely charged inner shells located within the neighboring segments. Fet and Fen are tangential and normal components, respectively, applied by the outr shell within the same nanotube segment. (b) Interaction energies between th two segments in inner and outer shells. Blue, cyan and red curves represent electrostatic, van der Waals and the total non-bonded energy components, respectively. (c) Total non-bonded energy attraction between a segment with green color in the inner nanotube and three successive segments in the outer nanotube. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-sintering-kinetics-and-microstructure-1cnf7hse6m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-e-positioning-a-particle-by-dilating-the-distributed-38ie85ew.png Fig. 2 e Positioning a particle by dilating the distributed particle 3D structures of monosized particles (b, ri [ rj [ 0.3 mm) and p standard deviation, s [ 0.1 mm). Red colored particles are ionic (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legen https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-e-validation-of-tpb-length-for-porous-lsm-electrodes-1l0frepa.png Fig. 4 e Validation of TPB length for porous LSM electrodes on YSZ electrolytes, with LSM particle radius, 0.1 mm, sintering at 1100 C (a), and LSM particle radius, 0.8 mm, sintering at 1200 C (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-e-schematics-illustrating-a-composite-electrode-2okdev6g.png Fig. 1 e Schematics illustrating a composite electrode represented as a digitized 3D image (a), and an 18- coordinated pixel on a cubic lattice for the kinetic Monte Carlo simulation (b). The side length of one pixel is 50 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-e-visualization-of-microstructure-a-b-c-and-tpb-length-2rb7o3dx.png Fig. 5 e Visualization of microstructure (a, b, c) and TPB length (d, e, f) for a composite LSMeYSZ electrode (ri [ rj [ 0.3 mm, LSM:YSZ [ 50:50 vol.%) after sintering at 1100 C for 1.25 h (a, d), 10 h (b, e), and 20 h (c, f). Note that the domain for visualization is smaller than the simulation domain with a size, 3 mm 3 3 mm 3 3 mm (or 60 pixels 3 60 pixels 3 60 pixels). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-e-effects-of-particle-size-on-tpb-formation-for-3sm32xvs.png Fig. 6 e Effects of particle size on TPB formation for composite LSMeYSZ electrodes (ri [ rj [ r, LSM:YSZ [ 50:50 vol.%) sintering at 1100 C (a), and the logarithmic plot of TPB length vs. time in initial sintering processes (b). The evolutions of porosity and tortuosity factor of pores are shown in (c) and (d), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-e-effects-of-sintering-temperature-on-tpb-length-a-1yggv4mw.png Fig. 8 e Effects of sintering temperature on TPB length (a), porosity (b), and tortuosity factor of pores (c) for a composite LSMeYSZ electrode (ri [ rj [ 0.3 mm, LSM:YSZ [ 50:50 vol.%). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-e-comparison-between-monosized-ri-rj-0-3-mm-standard-2s4ha493.png Fig. 7 e Comparison between monosized (ri [ rj [ 0.3 mm, standard deviation, s [ 0 mm), and lognormal distributed (ri [ rj [ 0.3 mm, s[ 0.1 mm) cases for composite LSMeYSZ electrodes (LSM:YSZ [ 50:50 vol.%) on TPB length (a), porosity (b), and tortuosity factor of pores (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-e-example-of-tortuosity-factor-calculation-by-solving-2d81lmu7.png Fig. 3 e Example of tortuosity factor calculation by solving the Laplace’s equation of mass concentration, J, within the pore subdomain. The color from red (J1) to blue (J0) represents the solution ofJ. For details please see the text. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-sugarcane-growth-and-yield-under-optimized-3ifeifhodt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cultivar-and-plant-specific-parameters-used-to-174ri98w.png Table 2. Cultivar and plant-specific parameters used to parametrization and calibration of APSIM-Sugar model 155 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-observed-versus-simulated-a-fresh-cane-weight-b-2kgusd3i.png Figure 1. Observed versus simulated a) fresh cane weight; b) plant height of sugarcane cultivar Ni21 213 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-observed-and-simulated-yield-of-1p5esvau.png Figure 4. Comparison of observed and simulated yield of sugarcane under OPSIS 252 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-soil-data-used-to-parameterize-itoman-soil-profile-2x5v47bx.png Table 1. Soil data used to parameterize Itoman soil profile 123 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-observed-and-simulated-soil-moisture-variation-deb1r57a.png Figure 5. Observed and simulated soil moisture variation different layers of the soil during the first and second 267 ratoon crop of spring planting 268 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-observed-versus-simulated-irrigation-water-use-1peg9nsg.png Figure 6. Observed versus simulated irrigation water use through OPSIS of spring-planted first ratoon crop 291 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-observed-versus-simulated-plant-height-of-spring-vjfeu9os.png Figure 3. Observed versus simulated plant height of spring planted first ratoon crop 240 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-evaluation-of-simulation-accuracy-of-apsim-with-1jk7fmft.png Table 3. Evaluation of simulation accuracy of APSIM with OPSIS 241 https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-spiking-neural-networks-architectures-and-4icpbifxpx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-supported-concepts-of-implementations-3ohz5t70.png Fig. 17. Supported concepts of implementations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-network-topology-representation-with-connection-lists-uhsdrfv4.png Fig. 3. Network topology representation with connection lists https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-threshold-based-learning-rule-synaptic-modi-cation-wij-1g5j5h5r.png Fig. 5. Threshold based learning rule (synaptic modi cation wij versus postsynaptic membrane potential MPi) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-fine-w1ij-and-coarse-w-2-ij-modi-cation-of-synaptic-rdzo3qum.png Fig. 10. Fine (w1ij) and coarse (w 2 ij) modi cation of synaptic weight https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-performance-evaluation-of-di-erent-simulator-21liab7n.png Fig. 18. Performance evaluation of di erent simulator-implementations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-basic-algorithm-for-digital-pcnn-simulation-slio7cgh.png Fig. 2. Basic algorithm for digital PCNN simulation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-modular-structure-of-the-spike128k-platform-dgj10zlv.png Fig. 11. Modular structure of the SPIKE128k-platform (simulation ow with hatched arrows similar to Fig. 2, topology module similar to Fig. 3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-typical-features-of-conventional-anns-compared-to-1thou9be.png Table 1 Typical features of conventional ANNs compared to PCNNs for vision purposes. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-the-a-x-and-b-x-transition-emission-spectra-of-nu6ms7kyjx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sketch-of-the-experimental-setup-33rr4za1.png Figure 4. Sketch of the experimental setup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulated-emission-spectra-with-varying-tvib-for-9aiwevk1.png Figure 3. Simulated emission spectra with varying TVib for low (upper part) and for high spectral resolution (bottom part). TRot is fixed at 500 K. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-heating-temperature-and-the-lowest-measured-17qryv2o.png Table 4. Heating temperature and the lowest measured temperature inside the heat container which is used as an approximation for the coldest spot temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ground-state-density-of-inbr-with-increasing-1gsgszg1.png Figure 8. Ground state density of InBr with increasing heating temperature TH of the cell determined on the one hand with absorption spectroscopy (using only the B − X transition) and on the other hand with the vapour pressure equation [8] using the lowest temperature measured by the three thermocouples Tlow as approximation for the coldest spot of the cell wall. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulated-emission-spectra-with-varying-trot-for-23l4inuz.png Figure 2. Simulated emission spectra with varying TRot for low (upper part) and for high spectral resolution (bottom part). TVib is fixed at 1000 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-examples-of-the-emission-band-structure-of-inbr-qdy8khde.png Figure 7. Examples of the emission band structure of InBr without (upper part) and with reabsorption caused by high InBr ground state densities at high heating temperatures (bottom part). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simulation-and-measurement-of-the-v-1-sequence-of-3b96uirp.png Figure 6. Simulation and measurement of the ∆v = +1 sequence of the A − X transition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-derived-fcf-to-the-data-taken-from-2lkg1veb.png Table 1. Comparison of the derived FCF to the data taken from [18] (in brackets) for the first four vibrational states in the A − X transition. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-the-laser-acceleration-experiment-at-the-cnjtk8lqbf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top-longitudinal-phase-space-upstream-input-and-at-3dvm457n.png Figure 4: (top) longitudinal phase space upstream (input), and at different locations downstream of the OILS section entrance (5, 10 and 20 cm) along with the associated charge density (bottom) ( corresponds to the bunch head). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sensitivity-of-the-energy-spectrum-on-the-incoming-25q481db.png Figure 5: Sensitivity of the energy spectrum on the incoming e beam energy spread ( mm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simulated-energy-spectrum-for-various-e-beam-sizes-2ulml1xq.png Figure 6: Simulated energy spectrum for various e beam sizes in the OILS structure (left) and corresponding energy spread (right). Note for mm, the beam is not fully transmitted ( keV). (Note that the profile corresponding to the “laser off” case has been scaled by 1/10.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fnpl-nominal-operating-settings-and-simulated-5qwf5gd1.png Table 1: FNPL nominal operating settings and simulated parameters for 100 pC bunch. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sensitivity-of-energy-gain-on-gas-pressure-a-and-y70djse6.png Figure 3: Sensitivity of energy gain on gas pressure (a) and required gas pressure for incoming energy (b) . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-measured-transverse-density-a-and-corresponding-2y81ihz0.png Figure 2: Measured transverse density a) and corresponding line profile b) of the TM mode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-laser-beam-enters-from-the-top-left-after-2hob9xzj.png Figure 1: The laser beam enters from the top left. After propagating passing through a lens (L1) and reflecting from the apertured mirror (M1), the beam co-propagates with the e beam through the open iris-loaded structure (OILS) [green rectangle]. The laser beam is then extracted from the chamber thanks to a second apertured mirror (M2) and then transported to a diagnostics station. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-the-raman-spectra-of-co2-bridging-the-gap-r5nfrx61up 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-derivatives-of-the-co2-mean-polarizability-with-ivcy1rtr.png TABLE II. Derivatives of the CO2 mean polarizability with respect to Eq. (4) symmetry coordinates (left panel) and dimensionless normal coordinates (right panel). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-atomic-masses-and-cartesian-coordinates-for-co2-3r2txcy0.png FIG. 1. Atomic masses and Cartesian coordinates for CO2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulated-raman-spectrum-of-co2-at-100-300-and-1000-k-ufyxyxtn.png FIG. 3. Simulated Raman spectrum of CO2 at 100, 300, and 1000 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-and-simulated-raman-spectrum-of-co2-3l9roc2j.png FIG. 2. Experimental and simulated Raman spectrum of CO2. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-the-rungis-wholesale-market-lessons-on-the-semzlwhukj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulation-framework-figure-3-for-three-quality-186jnxvd.png Figure 2. Simulation framework Figure 3. For three quality range, average finalconsumer price, standard price (price publicly given by the sellers before negotiation), transaction price and producer price https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rungis-pavilion-description-13xye506.png Figure 1. Rungis Pavilion description https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-the-white-dwarf-white-dwarf-galactic-5ew2d8ulq8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-detached-white-dwarf-white-dwarf-1die2oby.png Figure 1. Distribution of detached white-dwarf–white-dwarf binaries in our galaxy as a function of the gravitational wave frequency and chirp mass. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-am-cvn-binary-systems-in-our-galaxy-lgbp5cn3.png Figure 2. Distribution of AM CVn binary systems in our galaxy as a function of the gravitational wave frequency and chirp mass. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-detached-wd-wd-background-obtained-17noe0qv.png Figure 4. Comparison of detached WD–WD background obtained from binary population synthesis simulation [12, 13] with the WD–WD background calculated by Hils et al [3]. The amplitude spectral density of LISA instrumental noise and the LISA sensitivity curve are drawn for comparison. All spectral densities are one sided. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulated-time-series-of-the-wd-wd-galactic-8f7n1ev3.png Figure 3. Simulated time series of the WD–WD galactic background signal of 3 years of data. The time series of LISA instrumental noise is displayed for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-main-k-0-spectrum-of-simulated-wd-wd-background-3rrrts0n.png Figure 6. The main (k = 0) spectrum of simulated WD–WD background signal (red). Eight cyclic spectra (magenta) estimated from the simulated data. The spectral density of LISA instrumental noise (black) is shown for comparison. The zeroth-order spectrum contains LISA instrumental noise and hence it differs from the spectrum given in figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-top-panel-sample-variance-of-the-simulated-wd-wd-222na43l.png Figure 5. Top panel: sample variance of the simulated WD–WD background. Three years of data are simulated. Data include two populations of the WD–WD binaries, detached and semi-detached ones added to the LISA instrumental noise. The data are passed through a low-pass filter with a cut-off frequency of 1 mHz. Bottom panel: Fourier analysis of the sample variance. Two harmonics are clearly resolved. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-transonic-separated-airfoil-flow-by-finite-1labprv85i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-airfoil-ai-ci-1deg-hl40834k.png Fig. 1 airfoil ai CI = 1° https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-6-distrlbutlons-for-an-rae-2822-airfoil-ai-moo-0130-gpjk0zeh.png Fig. 10 6· distrlbutlOns for an RAE 2822 aIrfoil ai Moo = 0130,Reoo = 6.50:108 ,C, = 0803 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-computed-c-distribution-for-an-18-biconvex-at-moo-0-1tow8l5k.png Fig. 4 Computed C, distrIbution for an 18% biconvex at Moo = 0 754, Reoo = 8:1:1011 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-minimum-c-history-for-the-moo-0-720-r-oo-11-1-1011-and-2d9qw0mq.png Fig. 5 Minimum C, history for the Moo = 0.720, R'oo = 11:1:1011 and Moo = 0.754, Reoo = 8:1:1011 solutions https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-thermal-hazards-from-hydrogen-under-expanded-2ysgf1uo16 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-view-top-and-plan-view-bottom-of-the-24cqgwle.png Figure 1. General view (top) and plan view (bottom) of the experimental facility https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-calculation-domain-and-numerical-mesh-a-cross-1dvzu96n.png Figure 6. Calculation domain and numerical mesh: a) cross section at 𝑥 = 0; b) enlargement of the volumetric source area https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-detail-of-recess-area-and-sensors-position-32html6g.png Figure 2. Detail of recess area and sensors position https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-flame-length-simulation-versus-experiment-3iqa4g15.png Figure 8. Flame length: simulation versus experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-radiative-heat-flux-simulation-versus-experiment-2iykfg3c.png Figure 7. Radiative heat flux: simulation versus experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-temperature-in-the-reservoir-during-tank-blowdown-w2rvbeit.png Figure 3. Temperature in the reservoir during tank blowdown https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pressure-in-the-reservoir-during-tank-blowdown-1j9pat8z.png Figure 4. Pressure in the reservoir during tank blowdown https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mass-flow-rate-released-during-tank-blowdown-3k2jwjqp.png Figure 5. Mass flow rate released during tank blowdown https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-optimisation-of-pull-control-policies-for-serial-2ct0q71iq6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-kanban-assembly-system-with-two-manufacturing-28rulqzg.png Figure 4. Kanban assembly system with two manufacturing stations and one assembly station https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-sample-sizes-for-monte-carlo-partial-evpi-421kdxvw77 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-predicted-bias-and-95-ci-for-monte-carlo-partial-3fx76qnt.png Table 3: Predicted bias and 95% CI for Monte Carlo partial EVPI estimate in case study 1 using our proposed algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-model-and-parameters-for-case-study-1-1zctyrfa.png Table 1: Summary of Model and Parameters for Case Study 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-bias-predicted-by-proposed-algorithm-3jepwlga.png Figure 4: Comparison of Bias Predicted by Proposed Algorithm versus Exhibited bias in Case Study 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-predicted-bias-and-95-ci-for-monte-carlo-partial-34jv1x7h.png Table 4: Predicted bias and 95% CI for Monte Carlo partial EVPI estimate in case study 2 using our proposed algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimated-width-of-95-confidence-interval-for-a-21n3kwdh.png Table 6: Estimated Width of 95% confidence interval for a Monte Carlo partial EVPI estimate for parameter cost associated with health state EDSS 9.5, for an inner sample size J = 1000 and outer sample size K. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-predicted-size-of-a-bias-in-a-monte-carlo-1ve4zlq8.png Table 5: The predicted size of a bias in a Monte Carlo partial EVPI estimate for parameter cost associated with health state EDSS 9.5, in case study 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-model-and-parameters-for-case-study-2-2a9obh6n.png Table 2: Summary of Model and Parameters for Case Study 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-confidence-intervals-predicted-by-34bimnq1.png Figure 3: comparison of Confidence Intervals Predicted by Proposed Algorithm versus Exhibited Confidence Intervals in Case Study 1. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-savonius-wind-turbine-with-multi-deflector-43t2tlg46r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-velocity-distribution-a-standard-25ks8mpz.png Figure 2. Comparison Velocity Distribution, a. Standard Windmill, b. with tip clearance 0.1 r, c. with tip clearance 0.2 r and d. with tip clearance 0.3 r https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-physical-model-and-boundary-conditions-2g83r2p0.png Figure 1. Physical model and boundary conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-graph-of-static-torque-vs-position-a-standard-1srct6u0.png Figure 3. Graph of static torque vs position, , a. Standard Windmill, b. with tip clearance 0.1 r, c. with tip clearance 0.2 r and d. with tip clearance 0.3 r https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-study-of-plutonium-gamma-ray-groupings-for-53vmoru0v9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-reproducibility-of-r-e-su-l-t-s-using-the-100-kev-1xtoive7.png Fig. 2 . Reproducibility' of r e su l t s using the 100 keV region. (1 hr equivalent count of 1 kg PuQ 2 . ) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-reproducibility-of-r-e-su-l-t-s-using-the-335-kev-2kr2dek0.png Fig . 8. Reproducibility of r e su l t s using the 335 keV region. The upper group of curves is for a 1 h count using a 1.6 mm cadmium absorber . The lower group of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-spect-rum-of-puc-2-using-a-la-rge-ge-li-detector-soibrvrl.png Fig . 1. A spect rum of PuC>2 using a la rge Ge(Li) detector . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-reproducibility-of-results-using-the-145-kev-region-ix9sxoq1.png Fig. 5. Reproducibility of results using the 145 keV region. (Asterisks indicate total net count. Values in parentheses are the average background counts.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-reproducibility-of-results-using-the-160-kev-region-2cpp561t.png Fig. 6. Reproducibility of results using the 160 keV region. (Asterisks indicate total net count. Values in parentheses are the average background counts.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-sensitivity-of-resu-l-t-s-to-a-1-change-in-peak-1wa86gkt.png Fig. 12. Sensitivity of resu l t s to a 1% change in peak position using data in the 100 keV complex. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-reproducibility-of-resul-ts-using-the-630-kev-region-cky0pzpr.png Fig. 10. Reproducibility of resul ts using the 630 keV region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-reproducibility-of-results-using-the-125-kev-region-31dw08yr.png Fig. 4. Reproducibility of results using the 125 keV region. https://scispace.com/papers/simulations-of-a-gas-filled-helical-muon-beam-cooling-5d1j9zstg7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hcc-design-parameters-helical-pitch-k-is-defined-as-2gp6klw6.png Table 1: HCC design parameters. Helical Pitch, κ, is defined as tangent of the helical pitch angle of the reference orbit. Helical field strengths are quoted at the radius of the helical reference orbit, a. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-emittance-evolution-as-calculated-by-icool-and-2wy3oma4.png Figure 2: Emittance evolution, as calculated by ICOOL and ECALC9, down the channel with multiple scattering and straggling turned off. The dashed black line shows the predicted slope of the curves, drawn below the simulated data (rather than on top) just to make it easier to see. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evolution-of-emittance-over-the-length-of-the-100-1tka6fkr.png Figure 1: Evolution of emittance over the length of the 100 meter HCC. Results in red are from G4Beamline and blue from ICOOL. https://scispace.com/papers/simulations-of-bubble-division-in-the-flow-of-a-foam-past-an-lpn52egb81 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-of-foams-generated-by-the-division-process-18tmlgg0.png Figure 3: Examples of foams generated by the division process from an initially monodisperse foam. (a) y0/H = 0.50: with the disc in the centre of the channel, a non-uniform staircase structure is formed. (b) y0/H = 0.39: with the disc slightly off-centre, small bubbles are formed around the obstacle; they are not trapped between the obstacle and the wall, but move downstream and return to the obstacle from upstream, leading to many cycles of flow before the area distribution becomes stationary. (c) y0/H = 0.20: when the disc is close to the wall, small bubbles are formed and then trapped. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-the-disc-size-and-position-are-fixed-at-r-0-050-1dpt335p.png Figure 6: (a) The disc size and position are fixed at R = 0.050 and y0/H = 0.33, corresponding to the greatest difference in stopping time in figure 5(a), and the initial polydispersity (µ2(A)) of the foam is varied. The number of cycles required for the foam generation process to saturate increases almost monotonically with the polydispersity. (b) The centre of the disc is fixed at y0/H = 0.4 and its radius varied. In every case the average bubble area decreases; the smallest bubbles are generated for R = 0.050, which takes the longest time to saturate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-instants-in-time-during-the-motion-from-left-to-2xg4691o.png Figure 1: Two instants in time during the motion (from left to right) of a train of bubbles through a parallel-sided channel in which there is a circular obstacle. This is the initial configuration of the monodisperse foam considered here. (a) Before the division event, all bubbles have equal volume and all lamellae span the width of the channel. (b) When a lamella touches the obstacle, it divides a bubble into two pieces, and increases the total number of bubbles by one. (Note that another lamella has appeared at the left of the image.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-an-example-of-the-evolution-of-the-area-103dtwyj.png Figure 4: (a) An example of the evolution of the area distribution starting from a monodisperse foam in the case y0/H = 0.40. We plot the maximum and minimum bubble areas, the average bubble area, and (on the right-hand axis) the second moment of the area distribution (area dispersity). (b) Same data for an initially polydisperse foam with y0/H = 0.39. This polydisperse simulation is unusual in that the number of divisions saturates before the monodisperse simulation with the same value of y0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-surface-evolver-simulation-of-monodisperse-foam-penvwulf.png Figure 7: Surface Evolver simulation of monodisperse foam flowing through a porous medium consisting of eight discs in a straight channel. Is it possible to predict which channels between the discs permit flow? https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-different-arrangements-of-lamellae-just-before-3k6crglt.png Figure 2: Different arrangements of lamellae just before division occurs, labelled by the number of iterations. In general, either large bubbles that span the width of the channel or severely curved lamellae lead to division. The images are taken from a simulation with y0/H = 0.33 and an initially polydisperse foam structure. https://scispace.com/papers/simulations-of-edge-localised-mode-instabilities-in-mast-u-4gjzgdo49b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-peak-target-heat-flux-for-the-inner-and-outer-32j007b1.png Figure 4: The peak target heat flux for the inner and outer lower divertor as a function of L‖. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-saturated-peak-heat-flux-peak-density-peak-3se9uoy0.png Figure 8: The saturated peak heat flux, peak density, peak electron temperature and peak neutral density on the outer lower divertor target as a function of pumping speed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-evolution-of-the-ionisation-in-the-upper-and-10vwq12e.png Figure 13: The evolution of the ionisation in the upper and lower outer Super-X divertors during the ELM simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-a-the-plasma-density-and-neutral-density-left-1sgjb0gj.png Figure 15: a) The plasma density and neutral density (left), electron and ion temperature (centre) and heat flux (right) as a function of major radius at the lower outer target. The black dashed line indicates the separatrix position. b) Table comparing JOREK and SOLPS peak outer target values. c) JOREK neutral line radiation in the lower divertor region, the white line indicates the separatrix. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-the-amplitude-of-the-diffusive-neutral-coefficient-16go76sc.png Figure 14: The amplitude of the diffusive neutral coefficient according to the calculation from Eq. 18, for the MAST L-mode case (left) and the MAST-U Super-X H-mode case (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-poloidal-plots-of-a-the-flux-contours-blue-2glmiuyw.png Figure 18: Poloidal plots of a) the flux contours (blue) separatrix (red) and the divertor temperature. b) The divertor neutral density at 8.5 ms. c) The plasma density and divertor temperature and d) the neutral density at the start of the ELM. e) The plasma density and divertor temperature and f) the neutral density at 9.7 ms. g) The plasma density and divertor temperature and h) the neutral density 4.2 ms after the ELM crash. Note: the lower half of MAST-U is shown but a full tokamak grid is used in the simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-evolution-of-the-energy-of-the-modes-b-the-3v5ycf7w.png Figure 3: a) Evolution of the energy of the modes. b) The evolution of the pressure profile. c) Density filament evolution during the crash. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-the-target-parallel-electron-density-flux-and-291nuybq.png Figure 7: a) The target parallel electron density flux and target electron temperature (at the separatrix) as a function of upstream density. b) The ionisation in the lower divertor for the R4 scan. https://scispace.com/papers/simulations-of-the-upper-critical-solution-temperature-1cpfqkjmsh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-influence-of-the-citrulline-ureido-bead-type-on-the-1qs5o1bn.png Figure 3: Influence of the citrulline ureido bead type on the aggregation of PDLOC random coil chains at 280, 310, 370 K (from bottom to top rows). Left, middle, and right columns show results for MARTINI 2.2 type P4, P5, and P6, respectively. Blue and red lines indicate the number of aggregates and the number of chains in the largest aggregate, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mapping-of-amino-acids-ornithine-and-citrulline-in-28juxa90.png Figure 1: Mapping of amino acids ornithine and citrulline in MARTINI 2.2 (left) and MARTINI 3.0 (right) coarse-grained models. The parameters for the Lennard-Jones potentials between all the poly(ornithine-co-citrulline) bead types are detailed in Table S1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-distributions-of-the-number-of-aggregates-left-2d20yys0.png Figure 8: Distributions of the number of aggregates (left column) and of the size of the largest one (right column) computed over the last 5 µs of both aggregation and dissolution simulations of PLOC chains with 7 helices of 8 residues (H7) at the five studied temperatures. Vertical dashed lines indicate average values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simulation-with-martini-3-0-of-the-aggregation-left-2rfmpszh.png Figure 4: Simulation with MARTINI 3.0 of the aggregation (left column) and dissolution (right column) of PDLOC random coil chains at 280, 300, 310, 340, and 370 K (from bottom to top rows). Blue and red lines indicate the number of aggregates and the number of chains in the largest aggregate, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distributions-of-the-number-of-aggregates-left-2oxi3t77.png Figure 5: Distributions of the number of aggregates (left column) and of the size of the largest one (right column) computed over aggregation and dissolution simulations of PDLOC at the five studied temperatures. Vertical dashed lines indicate average values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-temperature-dependence-of-the-average-percentages-2qr0yrzi.png Figure 9: Temperature dependence of the average percentages of number of aggregates (cyan circles) and of number of chains that are not in the largest one (orange squares) in simulations of PLOC chains with 7 helices of 8 residues (H7). Solid lines represent sigmoidal functions y(x) = a0/[1+exp(−a1(x−a2))] that fit data from simulations (weighted by 1/σ2i , where σi is the standard deviation of each point). Fit parameters and their standard error (right table) were obtained by using the optimize.curve fit function from the python module SciPy .66 Vertical dashed line indicates the transition temperature found by the two fitting curves. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-curves-of-dimensionless-functions-g-ph-top-and-g-ph-3rel2ris.png Figure 2: Curves of dimensionless functions g(φ) (top) and g′(φ) (bottom) obtained from Eq. (1) with parameters N = 80 and χ = 0.68. In the top graph, the function g(φ)+0.36φ is plotted to accentuate the concave curvature of g(φ) which is less visible without this artefact. The unaltered curves are displayed in the inset graphs. The red and green points are the two spinodal points for which g′′(φs1) = g ′′(φs1) = 0. The brown point represents a polymer solution with an initial volume fraction φ0 which will separate into two phases represented by orange and cyan points and characterized by the volume fractions φd and φc, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-temperature-dependence-of-the-average-percentages-16lhfjst.png Figure 6: Temperature dependence of the average percentages of number of aggregates (blue circles) and of number of chains that are not in the largest one (red squares) in simulations of random coil PDLOC. Solid lines represent sigmoidal functions y(x) = a0/[1+exp(−a1(x− a2))] that fit data from simulations (weighted by 1/σ2i , where σi is the standard deviation of each point). Fit parameters and their standard error (bottom right table) were obtained by using the optimize.curve fit function from the python module SciPy .66 Vertical dashed line indicates the transition temperature found by the two fitting curves. Representative snapshots of PDLOC aggregation states are displayed for the three temperatures 280, 300, and 340 K. Blue, yellow, and red balls indicate backbone beads, citruline side chains, and ornithine side chains, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/simulations-of-the-flow-in-the-mahakam-river-lake-delta-g923qf83wo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bathymetry-in-the-mahakam-delta-1ma1wsby.png Fig. 3: Bathymetry in the Mahakam Delta. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-specific-water-discharge-in-the-northern-and-southern-gyc5cu1l.png Fig. 14 Specific water discharge in the northern and southern channels at: (a) delta apex and (b) first bifurcations in the delta. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-observed-data-and-computed-results-of-water-discharge-2mv6e52q.png Fig. 11 Observed data and computed results of water discharge at Samarinda station, where positive water discharge coincides with seaward direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-computed-and-measured-water-discharges-at-a-dan-b-das-3de1sauk.png Fig. 12 Computed and measured water discharges at: (a) DAN, (b) DAS, (c) FBN, and (d) FBS stations (Fig. 4) during the validation period. In each panel, observations in the left hand site were performed in spring tides while observations in the right hand site were performed in neap tides. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-computational-grid-of-the-mahakam-river-lake-delta-39r4c94q.png Fig. 4 Computational grid of the Mahakam river-lake-delta system: (a) mesh of the whole computational domain, with 60,819 triangles and 3,700 line segments and (b) zoom on the delta and upstream part of the computational domain: blue dash-lines indicate the interfaces between the 1D and 2D grids, black dots denote upstream boundaries locations, and red squares represent the flow velocity and water discharge stations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rms-error-of-water-elevation-at-five-measurement-ek8h0j6g.png Table 1 RMS error of water elevation at five measurement stations for the calibration phase https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-computed-and-measured-flow-velocity-at-a-dan-b-das-c-1s96n208.png Fig. 10 Computed and measured flow velocity at: (a) DAN, (b) DAS, (c) FBN, and (d) FBS stations (Fig. 4) during the validation period. In each panel, observations in the left site were performed in spring tides while observations in the right site were performed in neap tides. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-observed-data-and-computed-results-of-flow-velocity-at-1hlj6b7l.png Fig. 9 Observed data and computed results of flow velocity at Samarinda station, where positive velocity coincides with seaward direction. https://scispace.com/papers/simulations-of-two-bunch-plasma-wakefield-accelerator-27hb0smwpw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-energy-spectrum-of-the-trailing-beam-ats-95-6-7j37b3k6.png FIGURE 6. The energy spectrum of the trailing beam ats= 95.6 cm. The numbers on the y axis are reference values without unit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-plot-of-a-two-bunch-pwfa-in-the-blow-3q1q8hl3.png FIGURE 1. Illustration plot of a two-bunch PWFA in the "Blow-Out" regime. This plot is a combination of (a) the plot of crosssection of the plasma electron density (three blue plots on the walls), (b) three dimensional contour surface of the plasma electron density (green surfaces which stand for the inside and outside surfaces of the plasma electron sheath around the bubble)and (c) the beam particles (plotted as colored dots: the color of blue represent low energy and the color of red represent high energy). The two bunches are moving from right to the left. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-energy-spectrums-of-both-two-beams-at-a-s-231-7-1phtcbnc.png FIGURE 8. The energy spectrums of both two beams at (a)s= 231.7 cm with plasma density of 3.7× 1016 cm−3 and (b) s= 142.8 cm with plasma density of 5.0× 1016 cm−3 when using preformed plasma. The numbers on the y axis are reference values without unit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plasma-wake-fields-with-different-beam-loads-a-2yycbul0.png FIGURE 2. Plasma wake fields with different beam loads. (a) Lineouts ofdifferent longitudinal beam profiles; (b) Lineouts of Ez along the axis. The two bunches are moving from right to the left. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-critical-electric-field-of-several-types-of-gases-5-7ls3qyhe.png TABLE 1. Critical electric field of several types of gases [5]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-snapshot-of-plasma-electron-density-of-the-wake-36weixup.png FIGURE 3. Snapshot of plasma electron density of the wake exited by a single electron beam (the red line is the beam density contour) in (a) Field ionized plasma and (b) Preformed plasma. The drive beam is moving downwards. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-snapshots-of-plasma-electron-charge-density-in-blue-13pq0rr5.png FIGURE 4. Snapshots of plasma electron charge density (in blue) and beams charge densities (in brown) at different propagation distances. The plots of first row are simulation results using Li and second row are results using Cs. The beams are moving downwards. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-snapshots-of-plasma-electron-charge-density-blue-3a8b1wsm.png FIGURE 5. Snapshots of plasma electron charge density (blue) and beams charge densities (brown) at different propagation distances when using Cs with the density of 7×1016 cm−3. The beams are moving downwards. https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-activity-and-surface-area-measurements-on-58sfwz3xne 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plot-of-normalised-cumulative-frequency-against-32iskjof.png Figure 3. Plot of normalised cumulative frequency against surface area of PtNPs on a log scale from TEM (black solid line with grey dash lines to show the upper and lower error estimates), Hupd reduction at -0.60 V (nitrogen sat., grey dot line) and oxidation at 0.15 V (hydrogen sat., grey solid line). A vertical black dash line indicates the threshold above which the impacts may be due to agglomerates, as determined under an assumption of a complete monolayer of Hupd being added or removed during the course of the electrochemical process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cyclic-voltammograms-for-hupd-reduction-black-line-2j4b1llz.png Figure 2. Cyclic voltammograms for Hupd reduction (black line) on an Au microelectrode with a random array of adsorbed mesoporous PtNPs (CV of scan rate 200 mVs-1; nanoparticle of radius 23.1 nm, electrode of radius 5 µm). The initial scan is also shown in the diagram (dashed line). Overlaid (right hand side axis) is the current response of individual mesoporous PtNPs as measured by chronoamperometry at -0.60 and -0.70 V (black squares) vs Ag/AgCl in 1 M KCl (measured from the time current transients, 200 ms after the nanoparticle arrival). The electrolyte is 20 mM KOH saturated with N2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-representative-tem-image-of-mesoporous-ptnp-dhly63a6.png Figure 1. (a) Representative TEM image of mesoporous PtNP aggregates. (b) Size distributions of mesoporous PtNPs (grey columns) and small particles (white columns) contained in the aggregate PtNP structure with average radii of 23.1±2.1 nm (of 86 measurements) and 2.0±0.3 nm (of 49 measurements), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-overlay-of-the-averaged-her-response-of-individual-3jqngl3w.png Figure 4. Overlay of the averaged HER response of individual mesoporous PtNPs upon arrival, and electrical contact with, a potentiostated Au microelectrode with an applied potential of -1.30 V (vs Ag/AgCl in 1 M KCl). The electrolyte is 20 mM KOH saturated with H2 (dash line) or N2 (solid line). Current responses given as a function of time where t = 0 is taken as the nanoparticle arrival and is associated with the step in current. Inset: Plot of surface area of single PtNPs (as calculated on the basis of Hupd signal of 210 µC cm-2) against step height of individual impacts (black squares: measured at the time-current transients). Linear fitting of 30 measurements has been forced to pass 0 (black line) with a R2 value of 0.86. https://scispace.com/papers/simulink-generated-control-algorithm-for-nine-phase-pms-2j1otg6zk4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-complete-control-scheme-16p5sf9m.png Fig. 1. Complete control scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-internal-structure-of-field-oriented-controller-for-xg6sz7fp.png Fig. 2. Internal structure of field oriented controller for one subsystem. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-computation-time-and-relative-error-of-several-sine-1e5y3joc.png Fig. 4. Computation time and relative error of several sine function approximations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-computation-time-and-relative-error-of-several-square-3mhtocp2.png Fig. 5. Computation time and relative error of several square root approximations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-overall-controller-model-2ii987uz.png Fig. 3. The overall controller model https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-control-algorithms-execution-times-t2jqp190.png TABLE I CONTROL ALGORITHMS EXECUTION TIMES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-control-algorithms-execution-times-19tvqvju.png Fig. 6. Control algorithms execution times https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-analysis-of-natural-pigments-and-e-141i-in-1sor8d54w2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-quality-parameters-of-uhplc-ms-ms-apci-and-appi-2k2ceoqs.png Table 3: Quality parameters of UHPLC–MS/MS (APCI and APPI) methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ion-assignment-of-product-ions-observed-in-ms-ms-1ptpel4l.png Table 2: Ion assignment of product ions observed in MS/MS using APCI and APPI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-assignment-of-ions-generated-in-esi-apci-and-appi-2vast6bz.png Table 1: Assignment of ions generated in ESI, APCI and APPI (dopant:chlorobenzene) under optimal conditions https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-bayesian-recognition-of-locomotion-and-gait-27gc6o0ttg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-layered-architecture-composed-of-physical-and-1kb19iuv.png Fig. 4. Layered architecture composed of physical and cognitive layers to implement our method for recognition of locomotion mode and gait phases. The physical layer interacts directly with the environment through the sensation process, which receives data from wearable sensors. The cognitive layer is responsible for perception and decision making processes. They implement our Bayesian formulation to estimate the posterior probability and make a decision about locomotion mode and gait period once the belief threshold is exceeded. The locomotion is recognised as level-ground walking, ramp ascent or ramp descent, while recognition gait periods permits to know whether the participant is in stance or swing phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-recognition-results-of-locomotion-activities-a-mean-146bugk9.png Fig. 5. Recognition results of locomotion activities. (A) Mean errors for recognition of locomotion mode gradually decrease for increasing belief thresholds achieving a mean error of 0.13% (accuracy of 99.87%). (B) Mean time to make a decision gradually increased for large belief thresholds, requiring a mean of 25 samples (25ms) for the highest recognition accuracy. (C) Confusion matrix that shows the recognition accuracy for each locomotion mode, where level-ground walking, ramp ascent and ramp descent achieved a 100%, 99.84% and 99.78% accuracy respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-recognition-results-of-gait-period-and-phases-a-mean-2mop2xec.png Fig. 6. Recognition results of gait period and phases. (A) Mean errors for recognition of gait phases gradually decrease for increasing belief thresholds. The lowest error of 0.8% (accuracy of 99.20%) was achieved for recognition of gait phases. (B) Gradual increments in the confidence level of our recognition system showed a gradual increment in the mean time to make a decision, where 13 samples (13ms) were required to achieve the highest gait phase recognition accuracy. (C) Confusion matrix with accuracy of each gait period; 92.83%, 100%, 99.60%, 100%, 99.98%, 97.94%, 87.66% and 97.50% accuracy for periods 1 to 8 respectively. Stance and swing phases accuracies are 98.48% and 94.36% using periods 1 to 5 and periods 6 to 8 respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-walking-activities-and-wearable-sensors-for-systematic-22lerxn0.png Fig. 1. Walking activities and wearable sensors for systematic data collection. (A) Diagram that depicts the data collection process using three IMU sensors attached to the thigh, shank and foot of participants. The data received at the workstation is smoothed and prepared in a proper format for their analysis by the recognition system. (B) Level-ground walking on a flat cement surface. (C) Ramp ascent and descent on a metallic ramp with a slope of 8.5 deg. Participants were asked to repeat five times each locomotion mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-representation-of-mean-recognition-errors-for-gait-1esy5se3.png Fig. 7. (A) Representation of mean recognition errors for gait periods and phases from three locomotion activities. Stance and swing phases are composed of periods 1 to 5 (initial contact, loading response, mid stance, terminal stance, pre-swing) and periods 6 to 8 (initial swing, mid swing, terminal swing) respectively. (B) Recognition accuracy of the eight periods for each locomotion mode. All locomotion modes achieved high accuracy for all the periods, with a slightly decay in periods 1 and 7 for ramp ascent and descent respectively. This slightly decay is compensated with the high accuracy achieved by rest of the gait periods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-data-collected-from-three-locomotion-modes-level-1wl5h0cs.png Fig. 2. Data collected from three locomotion modes; level-ground walking, ramp ascent and ramp descent represented by black, blue and magenta colour curves. The data were collected using three inertial measurement units attached to (A) the thigh, (B) shank and (C) foot of healthy participants. Solid lines show the mean angular velocities for each locomotion mode, while dashed-lines represent the standard deviation. Plot (D) shows an example of the gait cycle segmented into eight periods; initial contact, loading response, mid stance, terminal stance, pre-swing, initial swing, mid swing and terminal swing. These periods are processed by our probabilistic recognition method to know the state of the human body during the gait cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-histograms-from-level-ground-walking-employed-by-our-8s4uzcc4.png Fig. 3. Histograms from level-ground walking employed by our method for simultaneous Bayesian recognition of locomotion modes and gait phases. This is an example of the histograms from the sensors attached to the thigh, shank and foot of participants, represented by red, green and purple colours. The plots also represent the eight gait periods that composed the stance (period 1 to period 5) and swing (period 6 to period 8) phases of the gait cycle (see Figure 2D). https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-determination-of-148-pharmaceuticals-and-2hx7vszdbm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distribution-of-a-mlods-ng-g-1-d-w-and-b-recoveries-n-3953mupm.png Fig. 2 Distribution of (a) MLODs (ng g−1 d.w.) and (b) recoveries (%, n=6) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-concentrations-of-the-detected-compounds-in-sewage-2gxfb2ie.png Table 2 Concentrations of the detected compounds in sewage sludge from five WWTPs of Santorini Island. Mean, median, concentration range, and frequency of detection https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-covariance-driven-correspondence-cdc-and-rj9yvkcsbg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-difficulties-in-correspondence-estimation-and-25k2rdhy.png Figure 1. Difficulties in correspondence estimation and alignment of two ’H’ shapes. Points on the moving ’H’ are shown as red circles, while points on the fixed ’H’ are shown blue x’s. In (a), ICP correspondences are shown for points on the cross-bar of the ’H’ as red line segments. These mismatches prevent ICP from properly aligning the shapes. When alignment uncertainty is properly accounted for (b) these same points preferentially establish correspondence with points on the opposing cross-bar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-of-aligning-two-h-shapes-with-structural-1qk8udga.png Figure 5. Example of aligning two H shapes with structural changes(a) and noise(b). Robust Point Matching (RPM) fails because of the correspondences generated with extraneous structures(c),(d), while the proposed CDC algorithm locks onto the correct correspondences and correctly aligns the shapes(e),(f). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-initial-transformations-left-column-and-2bl0piu6.png Figure 6. Example initial transformations(left column) and final CDC alignments(right column) on the Stanford bunny [23] dataset (best seen in color). In both cases robust ICP using normal distance constraints failed to converge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-outlier-points-and-the-extra-length-of-the-top-7m6w2vc0.png Figure 2. (a) Outlier points and the extra length of the top arms of the moving ‘H’ shape (red circles) contribute constraints that prevent RPM [6] from properly aligning these two shapes. The CDC correspondence uncertainties — a subset of the uncertainty ellipses is shown in (b) — initially include constraints from these unmatchable points, but as the algorithm moves toward the correct estimate, these uncertainty ellipses will shrink, causing all correspondences for these points to be treated as outliers (Fig. 5(f)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-convergence-analysis-for-two-h-shapes-using-icp-34d6olx6.png Figure 7. Convergence analysis for two H shapes using ICP with normal distances (a), RPM (b), the CDC algorithm proposed here (c), and the approximation, CDC’(d). The moving shape (red circles) was initialized at the marked locations around a circle with five different orientations, shown by the orientations of the green/red line segments, at each location. A green line segment indicates a location and orientation from which the algorithm converged correctly, while a red segment indicates a failure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-correspondence-uncertainty-ellipses-formed-from-o675ttqr.png Figure 3. Correspondence uncertainty ellipses formed from covariance matricesSij . In (a) theSij were formed using the starting parameter covariance matrixSθ obtained from the ICP-like objective function, while in (b) they were formed fromSθ after five refinement iterations. Only the ellipses for the highest-weighted matches with their covariance matrices are shown. The ellipses in (b) more effectively capture the uncertainty in the alignment. https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-design-of-separation-sequences-and-whole-8r2tnx6lja 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-duty-and-associated-cost-of-each-utility-for-the-ste7wpcm.png Table 7: Duty and associated cost of each utility for the combined separation and auxiliary heating systems https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-optimised-separation-sequence-for-olefin-separation-191tm5fw.png Figure 5: Optimised separation sequence for olefin separation with external process integration https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-utility-requirements-and-costs-for-the-direct-7xaxhrt6.png Table 4: Utility requirements and costs for the Direct Separation Sequence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-direct-sequence-of-separation-for-olefin-separation-4uzqldyo.png Figure 3: Direct Sequence of separation for olefin separation example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-a-reduced-superstructure-for-a-three-4ahcgvt3.png Figure 1: Example of a reduced superstructure for a three-component problem demonstrating the specified column operations and the network of possible streams https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-duty-and-associated-cost-of-each-utility-for-the-20qdfvai.png Table 5: Duty and associated cost of each utility for the auxiliary streams https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inlet-feed-composition-and-pure-component-properties-3murfrb1.png Table 1: Inlet feed composition and pure component properties https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cost-and-temperature-data-of-available-utilities-qoarnp0w.png Table 2: Cost and temperature data of available utilities https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-electrophysiological-recording-and-fiber-1n1xmoeqfo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistics-of-sleep-wake-cycles-in-individual-10htfjfa.png TABLE 2 | Statistics of sleep-wake cycles in individual recordings. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parts-list-for-the-fiber-photometry-system-1uk9brry.png TABLE 1 | Parts list for the fiber photometry system. https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-determination-of-neutron-induced-fission-and-1pwvcb0fie 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-neutron-induced-fission-a-and-radiative-capture-b-25faojuj.png FIG. 2. Neutron-induced fission (a) and radiative capture (b) cross sections of 239Pu as a function of neutron energy. The red squares are the cross sections obtained with the WE approximation [Eq. (2)]. The cross sections calculated with the parameters deduced from the measured decay probabilities are shown as blue solid lines. The shaded blue areas indicate the associated uncertainties. The dash-dotted, dotted, and dashed lines represent different evaluations. The black dots indicate the neutron-induced data of [32] (a) and [33] (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-decay-probabilities-for-fission-blue-squares-and-g-wuk36byg.png FIG. 1. Decay probabilities for fission (blue squares) and γ emission (red triangles) measured for the 240Puð4He; 4He0Þ240Pu reaction as a function of the excitation energy E of 240Pu . The sum of the two probabilities is given by the black circles. The Ps;f and Ps;γ calculated with Eq. (1) and the values of the adjusted Talys parameters that led to the minimum χ2 value are represented by the blue and red solid lines, respectively. The E range used for parameter adjustment is delimited by the vertical green lines. The vertical dotted line indicates the neutron separation energy Sn of 240Pu. The horizontal black line at a constant value of 1 serves to guide the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-calculated-spin-parity-distribution-fs-of-240pu-3lb544ae.png FIG. 3. Calculated spin-parity distribution Fs of 240Pu populated by the 240Puð4He; 4He0Þ reaction at E ¼ 7.5 MeV and θ4He0 ¼ 140°. https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-electrokinetic-removal-of-polycyclic-aromatic-4htndwh0rm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-variations-of-a-electric-current-and-b-cumulative-39kxca55.png Fig. 2 Variations of a electric current and b cumulative electroosmotic flow with elapsed time and with different processing fluids https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-distribution-of-cu-in-sediment-after-ek-treatments-1strziau.png Fig. 5 Distribution of Cu in sediment after EK treatments using different electrolytes a DW and salt water b NA, CA, SDS and TW20 c mixtures of SDS ? CA and TW20 ? CA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-distribution-of-pahs-in-sediment-after-ek-treatments-18nf873f.png Fig. 7 Distribution of PAHs in sediment after EK treatments using different electrolytes a NA b SDS ? CA c TW20 ? CA https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-the-studied-aged-model-sediment-and-3rg8u1i2.png Table 1 Properties of the studied aged model sediment and its spiked contaminants https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cumulated-quantities-of-phenanthrene-recovered-in-ga850ojs.png Fig. 6 Cumulated quantities of phenanthrene recovered in aqueous anodic (open circle) and cathodic (filled square) effluents during different EK treatments a DW b TW20 c SDS ? CA d TW20 ? CA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distributions-of-a-electrical-conductivity-and-b-ph-3cn6vhst.png Fig. 3 Distributions of a electrical conductivity and b pH within sediment after EK treatments with different electrolytes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-zn-in-sediment-after-ek-treatments-idpf460y.png Fig. 4 Distribution of Zn in sediment after EK treatments using different electrolytes a DW and salt water b NA, CA, SDS and TW20 c mixtures of SDS ? CA and TW20 ? CA https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-hot-gas-desulfurization-and-improved-filtration-2163dpgskz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-waste-metal-oxides-evaluated-in-preliminary-test-11lnjvqn.png Table 1. Waste Metal Oxides Evaluated in Preliminary Test Series https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-preliminary-test-series-test-conditions-2rot4l83.png Table 2. Preliminary Test Series: Test Conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-preliminary-test-series-breakthrough-plots-294lkdg9.png Figure 3. Preliminary Test Series Breakthrough Plots https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-preliminary-test-trials-sulfur-removal-capacity-1o8rx6wi.png Table 3. Preliminary Test Trials: Sulfur Removal Capacity https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-waste-metal-oxide-sorbents-cost-comparison-3n99lllf.png Table 4. Waste Metal Oxide Sorbents: Cost Comparison https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-preliminary-test-series-apparatus-2bue87eu.png Figure 1. Preliminary Test Series Apparatus https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-in-vivo-spectral-editing-and-water-suppression-4m0jstupu3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-offset-characteristics-of-mega-to-demonstrate-that-ddh6q0s5.png Figure 3. Offset characteristics of MEGA. To demonstrate that phase sensitive spectra do not exhibit phase distortion outside the bandwidth of the frequency selective pulses, the frequency of the selective pulses in MEGA was varied in 50 Hz increments ( 1000 Hz) about the water resonance. Spectra were acquired without signal averaging using TE = 32 ms and TR = 3 s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-an-edited-spectrum-from-a-voxel-in-the-occipital-3ll9bp7y.png Figure 5. An edited spectrum from a voxel in the occipital area of a human subject acquired using MEGA±PRESS (Fig. 2B). Parameters for the displayed spectrum are : TE = 68 ms, TR = 3 s, voxel size = 27 mL, NEX = 64, total acquisition time = 6.4 min https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-series-of-in-vivo-spectra-acquired-using-the-mega-310k7q1h.png Figure 6. A series of in vivo spectra acquired using the MEGA±STEAM sequence shown in Fig. 2A. Parameters for the displayed spectrum include: TE = 68 ms, TM = 15 ms, TR = 3 s, voxel size = 27 mL, total acquisition time = 6 min for B and C, and 13 min for A and D. The GABA edited spectrum is shown in A. To demonstrate that the peak at 3.02 ppm is primarily attributable to the GABA triplet, a pre-inversion pulse was applied in order to null the metabolite signals (in B and C). In B (with pre-inversion) the double-banded frequency selective pulse is applied at the water resonance and at 1.90 ppm. In C (with pre-inversion), the double-banded pulse is placed on the water resonance and 7.54 ppm. The macromolecule resonance is visible at 2.98 ppm in B and C. The difference spectrum of B and C is shown in D. The metabolites are nulled and the resonance at 3.02 ppm is well suppressed https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-rf-pulses-and-gradient-waveforms-required-for-2vcgm46d.png Figure 1. The RF pulses and gradient waveforms required for MEGA implemented in a Hahn spin echo sequence. The ¯ip angle as of the frequency selective pulse is 180°. MEGA gradients are indicated by G1, G2 and G3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-sequence-element-mega-as-implemented-in-steam-1w7gdqs1.png Figure 2. The sequence element MEGA as implemented in STEAM is shown in A. Excitation pulses and gradient waveforms for the PRESS sequence incorporating MEGA are illustrated in B. Gradients G1, G2 and G3 are used for MEGA implementation in both sequences. For suppression of the water signal only, a single-banded frequency selective pulse is used https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-spectrum-acquired-from-a-human-brain-using-the-1uzvmnbk.png Figure 4. A: Spectrum acquired from a human brain using the MEGA±STEAM sequence shown in Fig. 2A (TE = 34 ms, TM = 10 ms, TR = 3 s, voxel size = 27 mL, NEX = 64, 1 Hz line broadening, total acquisition time = 3.2 min). The carrier frequency of the selective pulses was placed on the water resonance. Note that excellent suppression of the water resonance was achieved without distorting the phase of resonances outside the selective pulse bandwidth. B: For comparison, a 3,1-DRYSTEAM spectrum was acquired from the same subject and location using a TR = 3s, TE = 34ms and TM = 33ms (NEX = 64), and using identical processing. Note that the water peak of this spectrum extends well above the highest peak of the MEGA spectrum shown in A https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-independent-measurement-of-temperature-and-3nlnhlmx2m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-strain-and-b-temperature-sensitivity-of-the-2ximfhys.png Figure 3 (a) strain and (b) temperature sensitivity of the resonance features of a TFBG with tilt angle 1.5º, fabricated in hydrogen loaded boron-germanium co-doped optical fibre of cut off wavelength 1213 nm. (Red – core-core (Bragg) mode resonance and blue – core-cladding mode resonance) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-reflection-and-b-transmission-spectra-of-a-tfbg-3yxhyxfk.png Figure 2 (a) reflection and (b) transmission spectra of a TFBG with tilt angle 1.5º, fabricated in hydrogen loaded boron-germanium codoped optical fibre of cut off wavelength 1213 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-a-tfbg-grating-period-and-6vges2qg.png Figure 1. Schematic diagram of a TFBG. grating period, and blaze angle. Dashed arrows represent the forward propagating core mode. https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-interfacial-reactivity-and-topography-mapping-3dqzglrbt2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dynamic-reaction-imaging-with-sicm-a-schematic-17jbqdwr.png Figure 3. Dynamic reaction imaging with SICM. a) Schematic representation of the experimental setup employed for mapping hydrazine oxidation and proton reduction at 600 nm radius Pt UME. b) Topography map (45 by 45 pixels, 125 nm step size) during a hopping scan. The nanopipette, biased at -0.25 V, was approached to the substrate (held at -0.2 V vs Ag/AgCl QRCE in bulk) at every pixel at a speed of 250 nm s-1 and then retracted by 1 m before being repositioned above the next location. c) Substrate (red) and nanopipette probe (blue) voltammograms acquired with the nanopipette at the central part of the substrate electrode during the potential sweep at the Pt UME (-1.2 V to 0.75 V) at a scan rate 0.5 V s-1. The electrolyte https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-high-speed-electrochemical-imaging-of-reactions-2yopo7hl.png Figure 5. a) High-speed electrochemical imaging of reactions with SICM. a) Electrochemical https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-representation-of-the-experimental-1j8o4gqk.png Figure 1. a) Schematic representation of the experimental setup for reaction mapping with SICM. b), c) TEM images of nanopipette probes of 200 nm and 100 nm opening radius, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-effect-of-a-nanopipette-tip-on-the-mass-1a72jhpx.png Figure 4. The effect of a nanopipette tip on the mass-transport at the substrate. Maps of a) normalized tip current and b) corresponding map of substrate current as a function of nanopipette https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-probing-the-diffusion-concentration-boundary-layer-2wr6xq48.png Figure 2. Probing the diffusion (concentration-boundary) layer with a nanopipette. a) Schematic representation of the ion redistribution at the diffusion layer of generated Fc+ adjacent to an Au UME. b), c) Experimental (red and blue traces) and simulated (solid black lines) SICM currentdistance curves acquired with a nanopipette (biased at -0.1 and +0.1 V, respectively) positioned over an inert (blue) and Fc+ generating (diffusion-controlled rate) 12.5 m radius Au UME (red). Experimental conditions (1.95 mM and 1.45 mM Fc for (b) and (c), with 10 mM KNO3 in bulk solution, and nanopipettes of 175 nm opening radii as determined by TEM) were mimicked in the simulation with the best fit with an f parameter of 0.925. d) Experimental (red, reaction on, and blue, reaction off) and theoretical (black and red dashed lines) AC amplitude distance relationships for a nanopipette positioned over an inert and Fc+ generating UME. Note that the theoretical curves with the electrode on and off essentially coincide. e), f) Simulated conductivity https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-information-and-power-transfer-for-broadband-2rxhxzrui5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spectral-efficiency-versus-circuit-power-for-the-k6r3yoo3.png Fig. 5. Spectral efficiency versus circuit power for the scenario of uplink IT. (top left) Single user and variable coding rates. (top right) Single user and fixed coding rates. (bottom left) Multi-user and variable coding rates. (bottom right) Multi-user and fixed coding rates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spectral-efficiency-versus-circuit-power-for-the-34kjdk1i.png Fig. 4. Spectral efficiency versus circuit power for the scenario of downlink IT. (top left) Single user and variable coding rates. (top right) Single user and fixed coding rates. (bottom left) Multi-user and variable coding rates. (bottom right) Multi-user and fixed coding rates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-power-control-algorithms-2q9skkmu.png TABLE I SUMMARY OF POWER CONTROL ALGORITHMS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-spectral-efficiency-versus-circuit-power-for-the-2lbwsxjh.png Fig. 6. Spectral efficiency versus circuit power for the scenario of uplink IT with reduced transmission distances, namely 20 m for the single-user system and {10, 16, 20, 30, 40} m for the multi-user system. (left) Single user. (right) Multi-user. https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-localization-and-mapping-in-multipath-49y43f67pd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-estimation-results-of-kest-for-the-cir-versus-the-3ezc4rg5.png Fig. 8: Estimation results of KEST for the CIR versus the receiver traveled distance in meters. Only long tracked paths are visualized. The black dashed line indicates the GLoS path. The track is divided into different sections, see Table I. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-channel-sounder-settings-2z01ez21.png TABLE II: Channel sounder settings https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-recorded-unprocessed-cirs-versus-the-receiver-traveled-2gg7wk9j.png Fig. 6: Recorded unprocessed CIRs versus the receiver traveled distance in seconds. The track is divided into different sections, see Table I. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-estimation-results-of-kest-for-the-cir-versus-the-pnd3mdpd.png Fig. 7: Estimation results of KEST for the CIR versus the receiver traveled distance in meters. The track is divided into different sections, see Table I. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-estimated-receiver-position-and-map-after-tk-217-s-29e0df0c.png Fig. 11: Estimated receiver position and map after tk = 217 s entering the lobby. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-estimated-receiver-position-and-map-after-tk-543-s-at-6uka2xmk.png Fig. 12: Estimated receiver position and map after tk = 543 s at the end of the track. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-estimated-receiver-position-and-map-after-tk-144-s-at-guqnz0gx.png Fig. 10: Estimated receiver position and map after tk = 144 s at the end of the corridor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-initialization-of-the-algorithm-at-tk-0-s-1ff4kcvd.png Fig. 9: Initialization of the algorithm at tk = 0 s. https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-measurement-of-electron-and-hole-mobilities-in-27vjf710f0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-double-logarithmic-plot-of-the-negative-differential-l3sxiemf.png FIG. 2. Double-logarithmic plot of the negative differential susceptan 2DB52v(C2C0) of a PLED (L5150 nm) atV2Vbi50.3 V for two temperatures. Two relaxation peaks are clearly distinguished. For com son, 2DB of a hole-only device~L5150 nm, V2Vbi50.3 V) is shown, revealing only a single relaxation peak; its position coincides with the hi frequency peak of the PLED. Solid lines are fits to determine the relaxa times; the arrows indicate the correspondingt21. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-frequency-dependent-capacitance-of-a-polymer-led-as-a-19kgdugx.png FIG. 1. Frequency-dependent capacitance of a polymer LED as a fun of bias voltage. At zero bias the capacitance is nearly frequency inde dent. At finite bias voltage a negative contribution toC sets in. Upon increasing the bias the negative contribution shifts to higher frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-hole-mobility-left-and-electron-mobility-right-in-231xtn7l.png FIG. 3. Hole mobility~left! and electron mobility~right! in OC1C10–PPV as a function ofAE and T. Solid lines are fits to the ln(m)}AE equation for hopping transport in a spatially correlated potential. https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-multiple-wavelength-operation-of-a-multistripe-1zg0952u7g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shows-simultaneous-laser-operation-at-three-and-2rtw5tt1.png Figure 3 shows simultaneous laser operation at three and four wavelengths. The same output stripe was used, but now three or four second stripes were pumped. Again, the bias current for the output stripe was 200 mA, and second stripe injection currents were - 150 mA. As for the two-wavelength case, laser intensities are found to lie between 15 and 20 dB above a featureless background of spontaneous emission. Simultaneous operation on an even greater number of wavelengths is expected to give similar results. https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-localization-and-mapping-with-unknown-data-2w572pezga 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-slam-problem-the-robot-movesthroughposes7-8-9-9-2kxutm2k.png Fig. 3. The SLAM problem: The robot movesthroughposes7#8:9;9 basedon a sequenceof controls,>?819;9 . As it moves,it observes nearbylandmarks. At time , it observes landmark . The measurementis denotedG#8 . At time , it observes the other landmark,EKJ , andat time , it observes again. The SLAM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-raw-odometry-b-ekf-with-low-odometricerror-c-40e0zqsi.png Fig. 5. (a) raw odometry(b) EKF with low odometricerror (c) FastSLAMwith low odometricerror (d) EKF with high odometricerror (e) FastSLAM with highodometricerror- In Figures(b) through(e) theredsolidpathis theestimatedpath.Thebluedashedpathis theGPSdata. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-accuracy-of-the-vehiclepath-with-varying-levels-of-tho49xkp.png Fig. 6. Accuracy of the vehiclepath with varying levels of odometry noise https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-robotpathestimatedwithoutodometry-2x2l7p8t.png Fig. 7. Robotpathestimatedwithoutodometry https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-typical-fastslamrun-theyellow-pathis-3c3vr10l.png Fig. 4. Typical FastSLAMrun. Theyellow pathis theestimatedpathof thevehicle. Thebluedashedline is theGPSgroundtruth data.The yellow circlesaretheestimatedpositionsof thelandmarks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-measurementambiguity-two-landmarks-shown-asblack-367bo4z6.png Fig. 1. MeasurementAmbiguity: Two landmarks(shown asblack circles)arecloseenoughthat theobservation(shown asanx) plausibly couldhavecomefrom eitherone. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-motion-ambiguity-observationsmay-be-associatedwith-2x8o0gke.png Fig. 2. Motion Ambiguity: Observationsmay be associatedwith completely different landmarksif the orientationof the robot changesa smallamount. https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-multiwavelength-observation-of-mkn-501-in-a-low-3wf5fokmhe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-temporal-behavior-of-the-fitting-parameters-to-the-3ujwh8qa.png Figure 6. Temporal behavior of the fitting parameters to the XIS data with a broken power-law model. Each point represents a 5760 s interval. Photon indices below (Γ1) and above (Γ2) the break energy (Ebrk) and model flux between 2 and 10 keV are described. A horizontal dotted line in each panel represents an average value of each parameter. Note that because of a correlation between Γ2 and Ebrk, the errors of Γ2 can also vary depending on the uncertainties of Ebrk. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-scatter-plot-of-x-ray-flux-between-2-and-10-kev-and-1zmxnjus.png Figure 7. Scatter plot of X-ray flux between 2 and 10 keV and photon index below the break energy (Γ1), which are taken from Figure 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-measured-vhe-g-ray-spectra-of-mkn-501-in-different-2hjiyj6q.png Figure 4. Measured VHE γ -ray spectra of Mkn 501 in different activity states. The CAT data were taken from Djannati-Atai et al. (1999), the 2005 MAGIC data from Albert et al. (2007b), the 2006 MAGIC data from this work. Vertical bars denote the 1σ statistical error. Horizontal bars represent the size of the energy bins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-suzaku-xis-0-black-xis-2-red-xis-3-green-and-hxd-1c57el12.png Figure 5. Suzaku (XIS-0 (black), XIS-2(red), XIS-3(green), and HXD/PIN (blue)) averaged spectrum of Mkn 501. The model plotted with the data is a broken power law obtained by a joint fitting to these three XISs and HXD/PIN data. The parameters are shown in Table 1. The lower panels show the residuals for this broken power-law model. Vertical bars denote the 1σ statistical error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-measured-differential-energy-spectrum-at-vhe-g-rays-g4yqiuqu.png Figure 3. Measured differential energy spectrum at VHE γ -rays for Mkn 501 with the MAGIC telescope. The blue line corresponds to a simple power-law fit. The fit parameters are listed in the figure. For comparison, the measured MAGIC Crab spectrum (Albert et al. 2008a) is shown as red dashed line. Vertical bars denote the 1σ statistical error. Horizontal bars represent the size of the energy bins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diurnal-multiwavelength-light-curves-during-the-ciylvahz.png Figure 1. Diurnal multiwavelength light curves during the MAGIC observations of Mkn 501 in 2006 July–September. The vertical band represents the window of the Suzaku pointing. Top: VHE γ -ray flux above 200 GeV as measured by MAGIC. The horizontal dotted line represents the half flux level of the Crab Nebula in this energy range. Middle: averaged daily X-ray count from RXTE/ ASM. Bottom: optical R-band flux by KVA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-light-curves-in-different-energy-bands-during-this-2gwk9nvr.png Figure 2. Light curves in different energy bands during this campaign. Each dotted horizontal line represents the average flux for each measurement. Top: VHE γ -ray flux measured by the MAGIC telescope. Middle: X-ray count rates measured by Suzaku with the four XIS detectors (filled circle) and the HXD/ PIN detector (open square). Bottom: optical R-band flux measured by KVA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ssc-model-parameters-of-mkn-501-1oyg3yuc.png Table 2 SSC Model Parameters of Mkn 501 https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-nicer-and-nustar-observations-of-the-ultra-3iv3cmh9fb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-unfolded-spectrum-with-model-components-for-the-37si5vud.png Figure 5. The unfolded spectrum with model components for the NICER (blue) and NuSTAR (FPMA: black, FPMB: red) data for the reflection modeling reported in Table 1. The dashed line indicates the single-temperature blackbody, the dotted–dashed line is the power-law component, the solid line is the reflection component from XILLVERCO. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-best-fit-reflection-model-reported-in-table-1-at-1-1ozjzapu.png Figure 6. Best-fit reflection model reported in Table 1 at 1.02 RISCO (solid line) and contrasting 100 RISCO (dashed line) overlaid on the NICER data to highlight the broad O line component. The larger inner disk radius relaxes the relativistic effects to show the local rest-frame emission. The O VIII Lyα and β components can be seen when relativistic effects are removed. For clarity, the data were rebinned. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-light-curve-for-the-nustar-fpma-circles-and-nicer-3mdt6xki.png Figure 1. Light curve for the NuSTAR /FPMA (circles) and NICER (stars) observations of 4U 1543−624 binned to 128 s. The gray dashed line indicates the average count rate for both NuSTAR and NICER. The time elapsed is from the start of the NICER observation on 2020 April 19 at 07:12:55UT. The source exhibits 10% variability over the course of the observation. Only one FPM is shown for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-the-0-4-9-kev-counts-spectra-for-the-18nfkj2z.png Figure 3. Comparison of the 0.4–9 keV counts spectra for the NICER observations reported here (blue) and the observations from 2017 intervals A (light gray) and E (dark gray) from Ludlam et al. (2019b). The source is at a lower flux in 2020 in comparison to the previous NICER observations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-comparison-of-the-nicer-observations-of-4u-1543-1078ln11.png Figure 2. A comparison of the NICER observations of 4U 1543−624 during the 2017 outburst (black circles) reported in Ludlam et al. (2019b) to the observations obtained in 2020 (blue stars) for (a) the soft color vs. the source intensity in the 0.5–6.8 keV band, (b) the hard color vs. intensity, and (c) the soft color vs. the hard color. The new observations probe different regions on these planes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-joint-nicer-and-nustar-spectral-modeling-17cgnk3x.png Table 1 Joint NICER and NuSTAR Spectral Modeling https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ratio-of-the-nicer-blue-and-nustar-fpma-black-fpmb-11h259n8.png Figure 4. Ratio of the NICER (blue) and NuSTAR (FPMA: black, FPMB: red) data to the simple continuum model of an absorbed blackbody and power law (a) without the two edge components and (b) with the edges added. A prominent O emission line is present ∼0.7 keV, as well as a Fe K line ∼6.4 keV and a Compton hump at the highest energies. These regions were ignored when fitting the continuum to prevent these features from skewing the fit. Data were rebinned for plotting purposes. https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-observations-of-haemolymph-flow-and-ventilation-2vo1w1jwsv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-examples-of-three-dimensional-maximum-intensity-1kbhlj18.png Fig. 4. Examples of three dimensional maximum intensity projection maps (MIPs) from two animals under control conditions. The view through the MIPs is from ventral through the body to the dorsal side (animals anterior at top of image). Ventilation could be detected by the diffuse water flow generated by the scaphognathites (see arrows) into and out of the gill chambers. The animal in Fig. 4B ventilated only the left gill chamber (visible to the right of the figure), haemolymph flow through the right gill arteries was reduced at the same time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-coronal-flow-weighted-images-of-the-spider-crab-maja-196bt31j.png Fig. 5. Coronal flow weighted images of the spider crab Maja squinado at decreasing temperatures (from A to D, anterior at top of images). The arrows indicate: a) gill arteries, b) Arteria sternalis, c) venous return, hepatic arteries (d), ventilatory activity (e), Arteria ventralis abdominalis (f), Arteriae lateralis (g), the Arteria anterior (h), and one leg artery (i). Below 6°C ventilation dropped largely, indicated by the loss of diffuse intensity in the gill chambers (arrow e). Haemolymph flow through the arteries displayed the same pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-changes-in-haemolymph-flow-through-different-arteries-4aw012uq.png Fig. 8. Changes in haemolymph flow through different arteries given as changes in normalized S/N ratios obtained from coronal (A) and transversal (B) MR images. Flow rates decreased during cooling. Note the higher ratios for gill and leg arteries at lower temperatures in comparison to venous return, hepatic, anterior, and lateral arteries (n 5 for all arteries at every temperature, except for leg artery n 3, at T 3°C and 2°C n 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-flow-through-chamber-19-4-cm-diameter-40-cm-length-917wbcfm.png Fig. 1. (a) Flow-through chamber (19.4 cm diameter, 40 cm length) constructed for in vivo NMR measurements in crustaceans (max. diameter 15 cm). The animals were fixed with dental wax on a T-shaped bar and positioned relative to the resonator inside the chamber. Indicated are the water inflow and outflow passages (see arrows). (b) Experimental set-up. A constant flow of seawater (up to 1.5 l/min) was supplied by hydrostatic pressure. Seawater (approx. 50 l) was bubbled with air in the header tank, temperature was measured in the chamber (TC) using a fluoroptic thermometer connected to a MacLab system. Temperature control was achieved by a cryostat connected to the upper water reservoir. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-three-dimensional-surface-projection-maps-obtained-24871skr.png Fig. 6. Three dimensional surface projection maps obtained from flow weighted imaging data of Maja squinado at 11°C (A) and at 5°C (B). Haemolymph in the heart and through various vessels as well as ventilatory flow through the left gill chamber at 11°C become visible. At 5°C haemolymph flow was reduced and ventilation through the left gill chamber stopped. Nevertheless, haemolymph flow through some gill arteries and the Arteria sternalis was maintained, whereas the flow through the hepatic arteries (figure A, arrow) vanished. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-coronal-multi-slice-anatomical-images-of-the-body-of-2cw1r6pd.png Fig. 2. Coronal multi slice anatomical images of the body of the marine spider crab Maja squinado under control conditions (T 12°C) (see Materials and methods for imaging parameters). Anterior at top of images. Layers extended from the leg musculature (A) to the upper back (D). Excellent distinction of individual organs was possible in the images (a: leg muscle, b: hepatopancreas and gonadal tissue, c: gills, d: heart), despite of high inductive loss elicited by the surrounding seawater and despite the inhomogeneity inside the animal (see bright spots due to residual air inside the gill chambers in Fig. 2D). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-flow-weighted-imaging-data-collected-2nistqd1.png Fig. 7. Comparison of flow weighted imaging data collected from the Arteria sternalis (n 5) and from water flow in gill chambers (n 5) (A) with results obtained by ultrasonic doppler recordings of haemolymph flow (B) and by photoplethysmographic measurements of ventilation rate (C) during progressive cooling. The pattern of change in the MR data is in good qualitative agreement with the measurements of arterial haemolymph flow and ventilation rate. (B C as adopted from ref. 16,17). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-flow-weighted-mr-images-from-the-set-of-slices-3ddc784w.png Fig. 3. Flow weighted MR images from the set of slices depicted in Fig. 2 (imaging parameters see text). Haemolymph flow can be detected surrounding the leg muscles (a), in the Arteria ventralis abdominalis (b), in the Arteria sternalis (c), in the ascending and descending gill arteries (d), in lacunes (venous return, e), in the two Arteriae hepaticae of the hepatopancreas (f), in the two Arteriae lateralis supplying haemolymph to the stomach (g), in the Arteria anterior (h), and inside the heart with its pericardial sinus (i). The diffuse signal intensity in the gill chambers resulted from ventilatory activity (k). https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-pretreatment-and-acidogenesis-of-solid-food-40n6eoaft6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2451x1x0.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2rsig9ec.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2tjh9w9q.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1vuf7qvd.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-oh-plif-and-piv-measurements-in-a-gas-turbine-46rj16u8di 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-examples-showing-the-influence-of-flow-dynamics-on-382hkg65.png Fig. 11 Examples showing the influence of flow dynamics on reaction zone orientation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-simultaneous-oh-plif-and-velocity-distributions-37uwr3e6.png Fig. 10 Simultaneous OH-PLIF and velocity distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-time-averaged-oh-chemiluminescence-image-and-b-4227ld8n.png Fig. 4 (a) Time averaged OH*-chemiluminescence image and (b) deconvoluted OH*-chemiluminescene image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-time-averaged-stream-line-plot-of-the-flowfield-at-24nqpqiw.png Fig. 3 (a) Time averaged stream line plot of the flowfield at the axial plane of the burner and (b) Instantaneous stream line plot of the flowfield at the axial plane of the burner. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-two-examples-of-instantaneous-ch-plif-images-for-3nnixxck.png Fig. 8 Two examples of instantaneous CH-PLIF images. For details refer to [24] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-simultaneous-oh-plif-and-velocity-distributions-b-1irib6y3.png Fig. 9 (a) Simultaneous OH-PLIF and velocity distributions (b) Velocity distributions overlapped over the gradient image deduced from the same OH-PLIF image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-time-averaged-and-b-instantaneous-oh-plif-2aznb84g.png Fig. 5 (a) Time averaged and (b) instantaneous OH-PLIF distribution of the flame. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dependence-of-superequilibrium-oh-concentration-on-3mxq6qm7.png Fig. 6 Dependence of superequilibrium OH concentration on different temperature and equivalence ratio combinations. https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-optimization-of-neural-network-weights-and-2zl7vmaeof 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-10-cv-results-using-backpropagation-algorithm-3z6za8q9.png TABLE II THE 10 CV RESULTS USING BACKPROPAGATION ALGORITHM https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameter-setting-of-the-algorithms-used-in-the-1ur8pwi7.png TABLE I PARAMETER SETTING OF THE ALGORITHMS USED IN THE EXPERIMENTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-genotype-representation-of-nn-2ykxtjx8.png Fig. 2. Genotype representation of NN https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-meta-heuristic-framework-for-optimization-2qmla2jd.png Fig. 3. Meta-heuristic Framework for Optimization https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phenotype-representation-of-nn-2f7d8vcn.png Fig. 1. Phenotype representation of NN https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-10cv-results-on-wine-classification-problem-1wh3ll4b.png TABLE V 10CV RESULTS ON WINE CLASSIFICATION PROBLEM https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-10cv-results-on-cancer-classification-problem-1g91bndy.png TABLE IV 10CV RESULTS ON CANCER CLASSIFICATION PROBLEM https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-10cv-results-on-iris-classification-problem-3leeukuw.png TABLE III 10CV RESULTS ON IRIS CLASSIFICATION PROBLEM https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-profiling-of-dna-methylation-and-chromatin-1trtb8kfj6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dna-methylation-status-is-generally-concordant-between-2lwlghnh.png Fig. 2 DNA methylation status is generally concordant between spatially proximal https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-quantification-of-brigatinib-and-brigatinib-2w2bvmrbk5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-extraction-recovery-and-matrix-effect-of-brigatinib-xjb9tgic.png Table 2: Extraction recovery and matrix effect of brigatinib and brigatinib-analog in rat plasma and brain homogenate (mean± SD, n� 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-stability-data-of-brigatinib-and-brigatinib-analog-3ske0y7e.png Table 3: Stability data of brigatinib and brigatinib-analog in rat plasma and brain homogenate under various storage conditions at two QC levels (n� 6). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-e-intrabatch-and-interbatch-precision-and-accuracy-2lka3xhz.png Table 1: .e intrabatch and interbatch precision and accuracy of brigatinib and brigatinib-analog in rat plasma and brain homogenate (n� 3 batches, 6 replicates per batch). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemical-structures-and-product-ion-scan-spectra-251xcwn4.png Figure 1: Chemical structures and product ion scan spectra for (a) brigatinib (I); (b) brigatinib-analog (II); (c) IS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-brain-concentration-time-profiles-of-brigatinib-and-1g9qf1mp.png Figure 4: Brain concentration-time profiles of brigatinib and brigatinib-analog following single oral administration of 5mg/kg of brigatinib and brigatinib-analog in male SD rats (n� 6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plasma-concentration-time-profiles-of-brigatinib-1274zws4.png Figure 3: Plasma concentration-time profiles of brigatinib and brigatinib-analog following single oral administration of 5mg/kg of brigatinib and brigatinib-analog in male SD rats (n� 6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-continued-d743auug.png Figure 2: Continued. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pharmacokinetic-parameters-of-brigatinib-and-1rro4flw.png Table 4: Pharmacokinetic parameters of brigatinib and brigatinib-analog after oral administration of 5mg/kg of brigatinib and brigatinibanalog in male SD rats (mean± SD, n� 6). https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-registration-of-scholarly-papers-to-a-311yu0jo9g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-of-the-list-of-papers-in-dhjs-shown-on-n1pi61ky.png Figure 1: An example of the list of papers in DHJS shown on the viewer system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overview-of-the-system-with-the-developed-function-2k1ma0fx.png Figure 3: Overview of the system with the developed function of a simultaneous paper registration. The solid lines express the flow of data in the system with the developed function, and the dotted lines for the old version. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-number-of-access-to-qir-from-the-viewer-system-3r3swiwo.png Figure 2: The number of access to QIR from the viewer system of DHJS and the total number of paper registration to QIR. https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-quantification-of-purine-and-pyrimidine-bases-1bvwdlbgwb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-recovery-and-within-and-across-day-variation-of-2srgp74y.png Table 6 The recovery and within- and across-day variation of each metabolite investigated https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-20-metabolites-were-divided-into-five-groups-and-1aqd6vfy.png Table 2 The 20 metabolites were divided into five groups and run according to ESI -/+ mode and structure https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-transition-reactions-monitored-by-lc-ms-ms-cone-1517v0pw.png Table 3 Transition reactions monitored by LC-MS/MS, cone voltages and collision energy for the metabolite/stable isotopically-labelled reference compound (SIL) analyzed, and suggested corresponding fragments lost https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-stability-of-each-metabolite-stable-isotopically-3l9ftbxm.png Table 5 Stability of each metabolite/stable isotopically-labelled reference compound during a 30 hour sequence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-h9nixx4e.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-34bpvxqn.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-names-types-empirical-formulae-and-suggestions-for-3eztm54b.png Table 1 Names, types, empirical formulae and suggestions for fragmentations of the compounds analyzed by the LC-MS/MS method https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1o3v51dt.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-reciprocal-and-real-space-x-ray-imaging-of-time-1p7r901jiu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-evolution-of-the-depth-dependent-effective-particle-2kf0qccc.png FIG. 6. Evolution of the depth-dependent effective particle diameter. (a) Effective particle diameter averaged along the observation window highlighted in Fig. 5(a). (b),(c),(d) Representative illustrations of the effective particle diameter at different time points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sensitivity-curve-for-particle-size-estimation-the-23jx0gdx.png FIG. 4. Sensitivity curve for particle size estimation. The gray areas correspond to particles smaller or larger than ξmin and ξmax, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-validation-of-the-real-space-autocorrelation-function-27dam8lk.png FIG. 3. Validation of the real space autocorrelation function retrieval. (a) Retrieved scattering and transmission images of the 7.7 μm particles (scale bar 2.5 mm). (b) Retrieved real space correlation functions of the two investigated cases within the marked area in the transmission image. The error bars correspond to the standard deviation of the retrieved scattering signals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-raw-images-for-the-validation-experiment-a-flat-and-25qfd31s.png FIG. 2. Raw images for the validation experiment. (a) Flat and sample (b) images for the 7.7 μm particles (scale bar 2.5 mm). (c),(d),(e) Enlargements of the marked areas. The scale bar is 170 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-for-simultaneous-real-and-2pdj2qxs.png FIG. 1. Experimental setup for simultaneous real and reciprocal space imaging. (a) The sample t(r) is placed right before the Fresnel zone plate Z(r). The x-ray detector is placed at the focal plane of the zone plates. The focusing of the zone plates is equivalent to recording the far-field image I(q) of the probed area of the sample, meaning that reciprocal space information is recorded in each unit cell (m, n). (b) Horizontal and vertical line profiles at the central part of the recorded intensity pattern. (c) Scanning electron microscopic image of a single unit cell. The outer zone width is 1.2 μm and the diameter is 84.5 μm. The scale bar is 10 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-experimental-parameters-for-the-two-demonstrated-250ejyba.png TABLE I. Experimental parameters for the two demonstrated experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dynamic-imaging-of-the-polydisperse-particle-solution-j22eij2s.png FIG. 5. Dynamic imaging of the polydisperse particle solution. (a) Transmission image of the particle solution at the end of the measurement. The red area denotes the observation window (scale bar 1.5 mm). (b) Ensemble of transmission and scattering frames recorded at 0.2 sec intervals. (c) Retrieved scattering intensities at the light blue are marked in transmission image (a). At each time point the scattering intensities are used to fit the effective particle diameter. (d) Fitted curves at time points t = 0 min and t = 6 min. The arrows indicate time evolution. https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-soil-moisture-and-properties-estimation-for-a-zxk62nst0e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-annual-irrigation-requirement-according-to-the-19ur61gt.png Figure 7. Annual irrigation requirement according to the different scenarios at the 1037 CRP location 1038 1039 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-annual-irrigation-calculated-for-different-20ubhwc3.png Figure 8. Annual irrigation calculated for different simulations scenarios and 1042 compared to the reference scenario 1043 1044 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-perturbation-parameters-for-atmospheric-27t19yni.png Table 1 Summary of perturbation parameters for atmospheric forcing data 971 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-hausdorff-distance-values-for-background-soil-1wvjyrh0.png Figure 9. Hausdorff distance values for background soil properties (sand fraction, clay 1046 fraction and organic matter density) and estimated soil properties (scenario 1047 DA_SM_Par). Results are plotted as function of the distance between model grid cells 1048 and the CRP location 1049 1050 1051 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-temporal-evolution-collected-every-three-days-of-11mpmzvq.png Figure 4. Temporal evolution (collected every three days) of soil moisture bias for the 1016 first soil layer at the CRP location (scenario DA_SM_Bias). The true soil moisture 1017 bias was calculated from the scenario No_DA and is shown in blue. The unit of x-axis 1018 is for time steps of 3 days. 1019 1020 1021 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rmse-values-for-soil-moisture-content-at-30-cm-yik33ei9.png Figure 3. RMSE values for soil moisture content at 30 cm depth (left graph) and 50 1010 cm depth (right graph) for the different scenarios at the CRP location 1011 1012 1013 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-temporal-evolution-collected-every-three-days-of-24dar4ki.png Figure 5. Temporal evolution (collected every three days) of saturated hydraulic 1024 conductivity K of soil (K_10cm) and the empirical parameter B of the Clapp–1025 Hornberger parameterization (B_10cm) at the CRP location for the scenario 1026 DA_SM_Par. The unit of x-axis is for time steps of 3 days. 1027 1028 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-hausdorff-distance-values-of-calculated-annual-1y9jn4i7.png Figure 10. Hausdorff distance values of calculated annual irrigation requirement, 1054 compared to reference irrigation, for different scenarios. Results are plotted as 1055 function of distance between model grid cells and CRP location 1056 1057 1058 https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-target-detection-and-multi-user-communications-45lqrbs9gf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-trade-off-between-pslr-and-sinr-level-p0-20dbm-k-4-bs2lk9d3.png Fig. 4. Trade-off between PSLR and SINR level, P0 = 20dBm,K = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3db-beampatterns-comparisons-for-g-10db-k-4-a-10x4iynv.png Fig. 3. 3dB beampatterns comparisons for Γ = 10dB,K = 4. (a) Separated deployment; (b) Shared deployment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-multi-beam-beampatterns-comparisons-for-g-10db-k-4-a-1lj1pimo.png Fig. 2. Multi-beam beampatterns comparisons for Γ = 10dB,K = 4. (a) Separated deployment; (b) Shared deployment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-joint-mimo-radcom-system-1bykn0sm.png Fig. 1. Joint MIMO RadCom System https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-tracking-of-hardness-reactant-conversion-solids-27u6r4bgso 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-atr-ftir-spectra-of-the-pu-film-on-glass-cured-under-2cp9fibo.png Fig. 1: ATR-FTIR spectra of the PU film on glass cured under the climate room (CR) condition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-curing-of-pu-films-under-different-curing-conditions-a-srm5d6bm.png Fig. 2: Curing of PU films under different curing conditions: (a) The increase of solids concentration during solvent evaporation, (b) The surface conversion of isocyanate groups in the coating, and (c) The hardness development of the coating. The data for the CR and CC-CR https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dma-results-of-the-pu-free-films-with-different-solids-b9vvkyiv.png Fig. 4: DMA results of the PU free films with different solids concentration: (a) storage modulus and (b) loss factor (tan (δ)). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-four-different-curing-conditions-used-in-the-3k7xvyo7.png Table 1. The four different curing conditions used in the experiments. CR=Climate Room, CC=Closed Container. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-pendulum-hardness-and-the-surface-conversion-of-1yee9kca.png Fig. 3: (a) The pendulum hardness and the surface conversion of isocyanate groups (Series 3) versus solids concentration of the coating under different curing conditions (the three curing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-simulation-and-experimental-data-of-the-3kghhven.png Fig. 6: Comparison of simulation and experimental data of the average glass transition temperature of the free PU films, Tg,m, against the PU solids volume fraction, ϕs of cured coatings. Tg,s = 131.9 K, Tg,p = 339.4 K, and Kα = 0.687. Standard deviations are shown with error bars. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-pendulum-hardness-plotted-against-the-reciprocal-2zn13y6v.png Fig. 7: The pendulum hardness plotted against the reciprocal of the loss factor, i.e., 1/Tan (δ), at 23.2 ℃ with solids concentrations of PU films indicated at each data point. To obtain the loss https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-influence-of-catalyst-concentration-on-the-curing-of-haf223yx.png Fig. 8: Influence of catalyst concentration on the curing of PU films: The increase of solids concentration during solvent evaporation (a) the CR condition and (b) the CC-CR condition; The surface conversion of isocyanate groups in the coating (c) the CR condition and (d) the CC-CR https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-untangling-and-smoothing-of-quadrilateral-and-4bm6bxvbjh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-element-quality-distribution-of-the-hexahedral-3373b9e7.png Figure 15: Element quality distribution of the hexahedral mesh generated for an aircraft: (a) before applying the untangling and smoothing algorithm; and (b) after applying the untangling and smoothing algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-quadrilateral-mesh-generated-for-a-pressure-plate-a-2yoqhoq4.png Figure 7: Quadrilateral mesh generated for a pressure plate: (a) before applying the untangling and smoothing algorithm; and (b) after applying the untangling and smoothing algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-hexahedral-mesh-generated-for-a-linking-rod-using-ocdo5b4m.png Figure 13: Hexahedral mesh generated for a linking rod using the multi-sweeping method: (a) before applying the untangling and smoothing algorithm; and (b) after applying the untangling and smoothing algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-shape-quality-statistics-of-the-meshes-for-the-gear-1evrdmpv.png Table 2: Shape quality statistics of the meshes for the gear, linking rod and aircraft. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-element-quality-distribution-of-the-hexahedral-2k6gwjg4.png Figure 14: Element quality distribution of the hexahedral mesh generated for a linking rod: (a) before applying the untangling and smoothing algorithm; and (b) after applying the untangling and smoothing algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-quadrilateral-mesh-with-a-marked-node-a-in-light-2ivolcqt.png Figure 4: Quadrilateral mesh with a marked node: (a) in light gray elements that belong to the marked node sub-mesh ; and (b) in dark gray sub-triangles of the quadrilateral decomposition not adjacent to the marked node. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-element-quality-distribution-of-the-hexahedral-28gbgzaj.png Figure 10: Element quality distribution of the hexahedral mesh generated for a mechanical piece: (a) before applying the untangling and smoothing algorithm; and (b) after applying the untangling and smoothing algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-object-structure-to-model-an-objective-function-for-2sr1yr08.png Figure 5: Object structure to model an objective function for the different types of elements. https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-x-ray-radiography-and-diffraction-topography-1tzzcss2j5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-drawing-of-the-experimental-setup-using-x-3ifcekxu.png Figure 1 : Schematic drawing of the experimental setup using X-ray radiography and diffraction topography modes simultaneously to monitor silicon solidification. The incident X-ray white beam comes from the right-hand side and hits the silicon sample that is positioned inside a solidification furnace not shown here. The grey striped area shows the possible positions of the topography camera. (a) and (b) mark two of the possible camera configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-topography-images-of-sample-a-recorded-shortly-d8li4vd3.png Figure 4: Topography images of sample A recorded shortly after solidification was completed in the FOV. The sample was solidified by lowering the temperature by 1 K min-1 in an applied temperature gradient of 3 K mm-1. (a) Diffraction pattern recorded on an X-ray sensitive film. The numerous small dark speckles on the background are caused by an additional Al filter and do not originate from the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sequence-showing-synchronised-a-radiography-and-b-1gkiexnn.png Figure 6: Sequence showing synchronised (a) radiography and (b) topography images of the melting of silicon sample B. Flat field image processing was applied to the radiography images to highlight the solid-liquid interface. (c) shows a zoom of the topography images corresponding to the blue rectangle in (b). A video is available as supplementary material to show the propagation of dislocations in more detail. t0 corresponds to the starting time of solidification and TT and TB to the temperatures of the top and the bottom heaters, respectively. The heating rate is 2 K min-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-drawing-of-the-projection-effect-of-the-nhfju5fy.png Figure 2: Schematic drawing of the projection effect of the camera image. In configuration (a), the camera is positioned above the primary beam. The camera surface is aligned perpendicular to the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-topography-image-sequence-showing-one-twin-grain-of-3is2gx1q.png Figure 8: Topography image sequence showing one twin grain of silicon sample B in a constant temperature gradient. Active Frank-Read sources are observed in the crystal about 1400 s after the start of solidification. t0 corresponds to the starting time of solidification and TT and TB to the temperatures of the top and bottom heaters, respectively. A video is available in the supplementary material. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-same-topograph-corresponding-to-3d55rq5r.png Figure 5: Comparison of the same topograph corresponding to the 11 spot recorded with (a) a camera-based system and (b) an X-ray sensitive film. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-time-resolved-radiography-top-row-and-topography-fjj07dk3.png Figure 7: Time-resolved radiography (top row) and topography (bottom row) sequences of twinning and nucleation events at the right side of sample B. The blue arrows (1, 2) indicate the twinning events in (a) and (b). The black arrows in the topography images (3, 4) mark the same height and indicate the area where increased strain is observed. The white arrow (5) points to a grain boundary groove in (d) that develops after the new grain nucleation. To make the solid-liquid interface visible, the radiography images were processed using successive image division (cf. Tandjaoui et al., 2013a). t0 corresponds to the starting time of solidification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-drawing-of-the-dimensions-and-of-the-3jibybhz.png Figure 3: Drawing of the dimensions and of the crystallographic orientations of the silicon samples A and B used for the experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-water-vapor-and-dry-air-optical-path-length-2m6cbsm0yu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-typical-closed-loop-power-spectral-densities-3p38ykns.png Figure 3. Left, typical closed-loop power spectral densities of the OPD variations between the two AO-corrected LBT apertures. Right, corresponding reverse cumulative OPD variations showing than most OPD residuals come from from highfrequency perturbations (> 20 Hz). Data were obtained on April 18, 2016 on the bright star HD163770 (K=1.0,V=3.9). Loop gains were Kp=0, Ki=300, and Kd=0 and feedforward using OVMS + activated (for OPD only and with no latency). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lbtis-phase-sensing-approach-pupil-images-of-two-ww4pqbti.png Figure 2. LBTI’s phase sensing approach. Pupil images of two interferometric outputs are formed on PHASECam (one output shown on the left) and the Fourier transform is computed to sense both differential tip/tilt and OPD. The peak position in the amplitude of the Fourier transform (middle image) gives a measurement of the differential tip/tilt while the argument of the Fourier transform (right image) at the peak position gives a measurement of the optical path delay. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-conceptual-schematic-of-the-nulling-and-n1thkmix.png Figure 1. Left: Conceptual schematic of the nulling and PHASECam beam combination. Beam combination is done in the pupil plane on a 50/50 beamsplitter (BS), which can be translated to equalize the pathlengths between the two sides of the interferometer. To achieve an achromatic suppression of light over a sufficiently large bandwidth (8-13µm), a compensator window (CW) with a suitable thickness of dielectric is introduced in one beam. Both outputs of the interferometer are directed to the near-infrared phase sensor (PHASECam) while one output is reflected to the NOMIC science detector with a short-pass dichroic. Note that this sketch does not show several fold mirrors and biconics.10 Right: Block diagram of LBTI OPD controller. The measured phase is first unwrapped and then goes through a classical PID controller. A peaking filter is also used to improve the rejection of specific vibration frequencies. An outer loop running at typically 1 Hz is used to monitor the group delay and capture occasional fringe jumps. In addition, real-time OPD variations induced by the LBT structure are measured by accelerometers all over the telescope (OVMS system) and feedforwarded to LBTI’s path length corrector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-simultaneous-h-band-top-left-and-k-band-y7sti9p3.png Figure 4. Example of simultaneous H-band (top left) and K-band (top right) phase measurements obtained under wet conditions with PHASECam at 1 kHz and boxcar-averaged over a period of 1 second to better show the low frequency fluctuations due to water vapor. The corresponding water term is shown in the bottom left plot while the simultaneous N’-band measurements are represented in the bottom right plot (blue line). The null estimated from the water term is over-plotted in red and shows a good correspondance with the actual null measurements https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneously-remove-and-visually-detect-ce4-based-on-56m7eubuin 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2gx59irm.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2w9wd0bt.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-26wh4avl.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/sinaps-prediction-of-microbial-traits-from-marker-gene-4z7rmylrcu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-16s-sequence-identity-between-otus-and-finished-2crkz4si.png Fig. 1. 16S sequence identity between OTUs and finished genomes. The histograms show identity distribution for OTUs from human gut, mouse gut and soil samples in a recent study (Kozich et al. 2013) with 16S sequences in the 6,487 currently available finished genomes (left) and the 711 genomes in the Dec. 2014 release of COGS (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-two-fold-cross-validation-results-accuracy-is-the-2qt6omko.png Table 1. Two-fold cross-validation results. Accuracy is the fraction of predictions that are correct. Identity is the value of t, i.e. the top-hit identity between the query and reference database; Cov (90) is the fraction of predictions having ≥90% bootstrap; Acc (90) is the accuracy of predictions with ≥90% bootstrap; Acc (all) is accuracy of all predictions. Accuracies are color coded: dark green >95%, light green >90%, light orange >50%, dark orange <50%. Predictions are >90% accurate for all tested traits except for copy number. See Fig. 2 for further analysis of the copy number predictions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-predicted-vs-actual-16s-copy-number-the-histograms-xboxdrg8.png Fig 2. Predicted vs. actual 16S copy number. The histograms show the distribution of (predicted copy number) – (true copy number) for query-reference identity (t) 97%, 95% and 85%. The lower-right panel shows the distribution when the predictions are randomized by shuffling, which preserves the frequency of each copy number. This shows that even at 85% identity, predictions are much closer to the correct values than a random guess based on the observed frequencies. Thus, copy number is well-enough conserved at 85% identity (approximately phylum level) to enable useful prediction. https://scispace.com/papers/sinbad-electronic-models-of-the-interface-and-control-system-c3rf0lifv2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-sinbad-eim-com-board-e18g270h.png Figure 10 SINBAD EIM COM Board https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-shireen-block-detailed-design-1civuq8h.png Figure 4 Shireen block detailed design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-chimera-block-detailed-design-20t4s2i9.png Figure 5 Chimera Block detailed design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nomad-block-diagram-2gk6usjb.png Figure 1 NOMAD Block Diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sinbad-block-diagram-with-the-interfaces-2c0wsn8v.png Figure 2 SINBAD Block Diagram with the interfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-sinbad-em-com-2nsl1erm.png Figure 11 SINBAD EM COM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-sinbad-em-under-testing-579m3fuc.png Figure 12 SINBAD EM under testing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sinbad-prototype-board-1ppnzjlx.png Figure 7 SINBAD Prototype Board https://scispace.com/papers/sine-sweep-tracking-control-of-a-lightly-damped-spacecraft-2s6omzji9o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-nichols-chart-of-the-controller-system-zoom-with-289w3gus.png Figure 8. Nichols chart of the controller system (zoom with frequency range between 5 and 150 Hz) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-output-acceleration-with-controller-35v7qirn.png Figure 10. Output acceleration with 𝐻∞ controller https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-weighting-function-1-1-and-2lbo9h98.png Figure 7 :Weighting function 1 𝑤1 and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-output-acceleration-with-current-control-strategy-2nnjrg5n.png Figure 9. Output acceleration with current control strategy with compression factor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-control-effort-profile-of-the-controller-1r8g39rh.png Figure 11. Control effort profile of the 𝐻∞ controller https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-robustness-against-the-damping-factor-mismatch-1qr920zw.png Figure 13. Robustness against the damping factor mismatch https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-robustness-against-delay-zoomed-over-a-period-3cd6q17o.png Figure 12. Robustness against delay zoomed over a period https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-vibration-testing-system-22ok1q4s.png Figure 1. Vibration testing system https://scispace.com/papers/singing-for-lung-health-service-evaluation-of-the-british-58kajs5ekb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-completer-and-non-completer-baseline-2zgy4qz9.png Table 5: Comparison of completer and non-completer baseline data demographics https://scispace.com/papers/sing-free-space-sensing-of-grape-moisture-using-rf-shadowing-4zlr78keuc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sing-3pc3ax8v.png Fig. 5: SING https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-the-attenuation-a-in-db-and-b-the-phase-shift-ph-in-16pn63qu.png Fig. 4: (a) The attenuation {A} in dB and (b) the phase shift {φ} in radians at 5.1 GHz for four cluster of grapes with different moisture content (i.e. 380, 233, 157, 95 ml) at 30 different angles between 0 and 2π. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-attenuation-of-grapes-vs-leaves-vs-clear-line-of-17rqye7e.png Fig. 14: Attenuation of grapes vs. leaves vs. clear line-of-sight (CLoS) in a vineyard. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-a-illustration-of-sing-as-a-handheld-device-b-2zup46q8.png Fig. 15: (a) Illustration of SING as a handheld device, (b) Illustration of SING as an aerial device, and (c) A prototype of SING for outdoor environments such as vineyards. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-sings-moisture-content-estimation-offset-from-the-2bctirmq.png Fig. 11: SING’s moisture content estimation offset from the ground truth at each two angle combinations. The values are in ml and % are offseti (equation 27). The figure also shows the standard deviation (σ) of all the values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-sings-moisture-content-estimation-offset-from-the-1l7cotq6.png Fig. 12: SING’s moisture content estimation offset from the ground truth at each four, eight, 15, and 30 angle combinations. The values are in ml and % are offseti (equation 27). The figure also shows the standard deviation (σ) of each category except the 30 angles where we have a single value. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-sings-moisture-content-estimation-offset-from-the-1b0b74ah.png Fig. 10: SING’s moisture content estimation offset from the ground truth at each single angle between 0 and 2π. The values are in ml and % are offseti (equation 27). The figure also shows the standard deviation (σ) of all the values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-sings-moisture-content-estimation-using-both-the-38gc2w69.png Fig. 13: SING’s moisture content estimation using both the relative thickness (RT) - §V-D - and the physical thickness (PT). The results are plotted for the ground truth (GT) against 30 (i.e., Θ = 30) and a single 4 (i.e., Θ = 4) angle combinations. https://scispace.com/papers/single-cell-infection-with-influenza-a-virus-using-drop-47ziagf196 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cell-encapsulation-in-microfluidic-drops-a-still-3lppc671.png Figure 4: Cell encapsulation in microfluidic drops. (A) Still image of high-speed camera footage during cell encapsulation. (B) Representative image of drops encapsulated onto a hemocytometer. (C) A549 cell loading as measured with the hemocytometer (red triangle, n=600) and high-speed camera (peach triangle, n=405) (D) MDCK cell loading as measured with the hemocytometer (aqua square, n=601) and high-speed camera (green square, n=393) (E) Siat7e cell loading as measured with the hemocytometer (light grey circle, n=598) and high-speed camera (dark grey circle, n=431). All scale bars are 100 μm. https://scispace.com/papers/single-cell-copy-number-variant-detection-reveals-the-2bng4eby2n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-lineage-tracking-reveals-extensive-clonal-interference-1xb93xe5.png Fig 5. Lineage tracking reveals extensive clonal interference among CNV-containing lineages. (A) We used FACS to fractionate cells containing GAP1 CNVs from two populations at four time points (dashed black lines) and performed barcode sequencing. (B) Using a sampleand time point–specific false positive correction, we identified 7,067, 973, 131, and 76 barcodes in one population (bc01; left) and 5,305, 5,351, 583, and 28 barcodes in another population (bc02; right), at generations 70, 90, 150, and 270, respectively. Each barcode found at>1% frequency in at least one time point is represented by a unique color in the plot, for a total of 21 barcodes in bc01 and 18 barcodes in bc02. All other lineages that are never detected at>1% frequency are shown in gray. Lineages denoted by a � are found at>1% frequency in both populations. Data and computer code used to generate this figure can be accessed in OSF: https://osf.io/fxhze/. CNV, copy number variant; FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dynamics-of-gap1-cnvs-in-evolving-populations-a-1318dku9.png Fig 2. Dynamics of GAP1 CNVs in evolving populations. (A) Normalized distributions of single-cell fluorescence over time for a representative GAP1 CNV reporter strain and one- and two-copy control strains evolving in glutamine-limited chemostats. Single-cell fluorescence is normalized by the forward scatter measurement of the cell. (B) Normalized median fluorescence for each population evolving in glutamine- (n = 9), urea- (n = 9), and glucose-limited (n = 8) chemostats. The fluorescence of the one- and two-copy control strains is plotted for reference (gray dotted lines). (C) Estimates of the proportion of cells with GAP1 amplifications over time for nine glutamine-limited populations containing the GAP1 CNV reporter. Data and computer code used to generate this figure can be accessed in OSF: https://osf.io/fxhze/. a.u., arbitrary units; CNV, copy number variant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-genes-with-multiple-independent-nonsynonymous-12u4sj3u.png Table 3. Genes with multiple, independent, nonsynonymous acquired mutations. Variants found at greater than 5% frequency within each population. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-single-nucleotide-variation-in-three-2t5gaq9j.png Table 2. Summary of single nucleotide variation in three different selection conditions. Populations were sequenced at 150 and 250 generations. For variants that were identified at both time points, we determined whether they increased (") or decreased (#) in frequency between generation 150 and 250. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-inverted-repeats-mediate-cnv-formation-nucleotide-nt-2r9w97rk.png Fig 4. Inverted repeats mediate CNV formation. Nucleotide (“nt”) resolution of CNV breakpoints for (A) GAP1 and (B) DUR3 CNVs were identified using a combination of discordant and split reads. To characterize novel sequence, we identified all supporting split reads, performed de novo assembly, and aligned the resulting sequence against the reference genome. Sequences in the reference genome (blue) are inversely oriented in the assembled contig, suggesting an inverted structure within CNVs. (C) Schematic representation of replication-based CNV formation. After fork stalling, fork regression results in the newly replicated inverted repeat sequence annealing to the complementary sequence and ligating to the lagging strand. (D–E) Distribution of sequence features across 28 breakpoints at the GAP1 and DUR3 loci that contain inverted repeats. Data and computer code used to generate this figure can be accessed in OSF: https://osf.io/fxhze/. CNV, copy number variant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-of-gap1-cnv-dynamics-in-glutamine-1owa4dxu.png Table 1. Summary statistics of GAP1 CNV dynamics in glutamine-limited chemostats. Tup is the number of elapsed generations before CNVs are reliably detected (>7% frequency, see Methods). Sup is the rate of increase in CNV abundance during the initial expansion of the CNV subpopulation (S1 Text). The frequency of CNVs in the population at generation 150 and generation 250, when genome sequencing was performed, is also reported. Data and computer code used to generate this table can be accessed in OSF: https://osf.io/fxhze/. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fluorescent-protein-signal-is-proportional-to-gene-3fg2povr.png Fig 1. Fluorescent protein signal is proportional to gene copy number. (A) Protein fluorescence increases with increasing copies of the mCitrine gene. We determined the fluorescence of haploid and diploid cells containing variable numbers of a constitutively expressed mCitrine gene integrated at either the HO locus and/or the dubious ORF, YLR123C. The two-copy diploid is heterozygous at both loci. Each distribution was estimated using 100,000 single-cell measurements normalized by forward scatter. (B) Schematic representation of how the fluorescent reporter enables CNV detection in heterogeneous evolving populations through quantitative changes in protein fluorescence. Data and computer code used to generate this figure can be accessed in OSF: https://osf.io/fxhze/. a.u., arbitrary units; CNV, copy number variant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimation-of-cnv-lineages-in-evolving-populations-1qeuprjt.png Table 4. Estimation of CNV lineages in evolving populations across time. We determined the number of GAP1 CNV-containing lineages by correcting the number of identified barcodes by the estimated false positive rate associated with CNV isolation using FACS. High-confidence GAP1 CNV lineages are defined as those that are found at two or more consecutive time points. Data and computer code used to generate this table can be accessed in OSF: https://osf.io/fxhze/. https://scispace.com/papers/single-cell-mapper-scmappr-using-scrna-seq-to-infer-cell-1gu6vptz2g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-data-required-to-run-scmappr-and-2ielvtg2.png Figure 1. Schematic of the data required to run scMappR and the primary functionalities that scMappR provides. scMappR requires input RNA-seq count data, a list of differentially expressed genes, and a signature matrix (provided by the user or scMappR). For each gene, scMappR then makes cell-type expression independent of estimated cell-type proportions. scMappR then integrates cell-type expression, cell-type proportion, and the ratio of cell-type proportions between biological conditions to generate cell-weighted Fold-changes (cwFoldchanges). These cwFold-changes are then visualized (bottom left) and reranked before scMappR computes and plots cell-type specific pathway analyses (bottom right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-over-and-under-representation-of-kidney-cell-type-kygex810.png Table 2. Over- and under-representation of kidney cell-type markers from scRNA-seq data generated by Tabula Muris, 2018 when inputting 34 T-cell markers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-over-representation-of-cell-type-markers-of-3hj75x6m.png Table 1. Over-representation of cell-type markers of consistently processed scRNA-seq data in over 100 mouse tissues when inputting 34 T-cell markers. https://scispace.com/papers/single-cell-rnaseq-analysis-of-infiltrating-neoplastic-cells-31eackmnum 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dataset-summary-number-of-cells-per-sample-number-of-2xdctq94.png Table 1. Dataset summary. Number of cells per sample, number of cells per anatomical location and general sequencing statistics summarized for all sequenced cells that passed or failed QC. Only cells that passed QC were further analyzed. https://scispace.com/papers/single-cell-transcriptional-regulations-and-accessible-3yftqd7gzo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-isl1-and-nkx2-5-cardiac-progenitor-cells-qxa0xfnc.png Fig. 3 Comparison of Isl1+ and Nkx2-5+ cardiac progenitor cells. a Confocal images showing nuclear-, cytoplasmic- and co-localization of GFP in CPCs FACS-sorted from Isl1+/nGFP/Nkx2-5-emGFP+ embryos. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). b Immunofluorescence-based quantification of (a). Isl1 +Nkx2-5−, Isl1+Nkx2-5+ and Isl1−Nkx2-5+ cells were FACS-sorted from Isl1+/nGFP/Nkx2-5-emGFP+ embryos at E8.5 and E9.5. Quantification of different cell populations was achieved by counting all immunostained cells in a multiwell dish. Mean ± s.d. are shown. Circles represent results from different https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-chromatin-accessibility-of-transcription-factor-prey0shf.png Fig. 8 Chromatin accessibility of transcription factor binding sites. a t-SNE showing clustering of Z-scores of TF motif accessibility. Colors denote the same clusters as Fig. 7b. b Heatmap showing smoothened Z-scores of TF motif accessibility across defined clusters. Source data are provided in the Source Data file. c, d t-SNE visualization of highlighted single-cells progressing through the inferred (c) cardiomyocyte, (d) endothelial developmental trajectory (red dashed lines). Cells used for inference are colored by Z-scores of TF motif accessibility. All other cells are shown in gray. e Inferred model showing TF dynamics during Isl1+ CPC developmental bifurcation. f, g Smoothened heatmap showing dynamic RNA expression and motif accessibility of indicated TFs during cardiomyocyte (f), endothelial (d) pseudotime trajectories for gene-motif pairs (RNA:ATAC pairs). EC, endothelial cell. CM, cardiomyocyte https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spatial-expression-pattern-of-genes-identified-by-oun7cua2.png Fig. 4 Spatial expression pattern of genes identified by scRNA-seq of CPCs. a Heatmap showing expression of selected genes in Isl1+ and Nkx2-5+ CPCs at E8.5. b–d In situ hybridization of sections from E8.5 embryos to reveal spatial expression profiles of genes identified by scRNA-seq. Scale bar: 100 μm for (b), 50 μm for (c, d). V: ventricle. PA: primitive atria. PhA: pharyngeal arches. OFT: outflow tract. Arrows indicate positive cells https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-single-cell-chromatin-accessibility-profiles-of-isl1-mz2tdkpj.png Fig. 7 Single cell chromatin accessibility profiles of Isl1+ CPCs. a Representative genomic region showing ATAC-seq tracks of single, aggregate and bulk cells. b, c t-SNE visualization of individual Nkx2-5+ and Isl1+ CPCs to identify subpopulations based on chromatin accessibility. Colors denote corresponding clusters (b), and (c) development stages. d Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses of scATAC-seq clusters 1, 2, 5 of Isl1+ CPCs. Each bubble represents one of the top enriched GO terms. The relevant GO terms (p < 0.05, calculated from the hypergeometric distribution) are highlighted https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-bulk-atac-seq-analysis-of-nkx2-5-cpcs-a-number-of-247aruwi.png Fig. 10 Bulk ATAC-seq analysis of Nkx2-5+ CPCs. a Number of differential chromatin accessibility peaks (log2(FC) > 2, false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05). b Genome-wide distribution of differential open chromatin peaks grouped by K-means. Each row represents one differential peak, normalized to sequencing depth, in sequential comparisons (log2[FC] > 2, FDR < 0.05). c Distribution of genomic features of differential regulatory elements. d Enrichment of known transcription factor motifs in Isl1+/Nkx2-5OE differential peaks. The height of the letters represents the frequency of each base in the cognate motif. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-inactivation-of-isl1-prevents-cpc-fate-bifurcation-a-20blseqx.png Fig. 5 Inactivation of Isl1 prevents CPC fate bifurcation. a Schematic illustration depicting generation of Isl1 embryos and scRNA-seq. b t-SNE plots showing the predicted diffusion pseudotime of Isl1 knockout CPCs projected on Isl1+ cells (left), and clustering with Isl1+ cells (right). c Ratios of cycling and noncycling Isl1 knockout and wild type Isl1+ CPCs. χ2 test: p= 0.062. n indicates cells numbers. d Heatmap showing expression of deregulated genes in Isl1+ cells at E8.5 and E9.5 (cluster 1, 2, and 5) isolated from Isl1 knockout and control embryos. Source data are provided in the Source Data file https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-chromatin-accessibility-in-cpcs-is-shaped-by-isl1-a-3h6yue3g.png Fig. 9 Chromatin accessibility in CPCs is shaped by Isl1. a Number of differential chromatin accessibility peaks (log2(FC) > 2, false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05). b Genome-wide distribution of differential open chromatin peaks grouped by K-means (left), and by distance to promoter and K-means (right). Each row represents one differential peak, normalized to sequencing depth, in sequential comparisons (log2[FC] > 2, FDR < 0.05). c Number of differential peaks and their distance to the nearest promoters. d Boxplots of mRNA expression levels in E8.5 and 9.5 Isl1+ CPCs, and of genes that are more accessible (left) or more closed (right) in Isl1 KO cells. Box lines show the median, 25th and 75th percentiles; whiskers represent 5th and 95th percentiles; dots represent outlier data points. p-values were calculated using Student’s t-test. n indicates the genes numbers. e Bubble chart showing the enrichment of transcription factor motifs in differential peaks (p-values were calculated from the hypergeometric distribution) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-nkx2-5-institutes-a-unidirectional-fate-in-cpcs-to-1rrvaerw.png Fig. 6 Nkx2-5 institutes a unidirectional fate in CPCs to cardiomyocytes. a Re-analysis of published data showing the ratio of smooth muscle cells in embryonic hearts of wild type and Nkx2-5 knockout embryos at E9.5. Smooth muscle cells are scored by low expression of Nkx2-5 (LogTPM< 1, null expression) and high expression of smooth muscle cell genes (Tagln, Cnn1, Acta2, Cald1, Mylk, Hexim1, and Smtnl2 moderate to high (LogTPM> 2) for at least 5 of these 7 genes). χ2 test: p < 2.37e−6. n indicates cells numbers. b Schematic illustration of forced expression of Nkx2-5 in Isl1+ cells and scRNAseq. c Predicted diffusion pseudotime of Isl1+/Nkx2-5OE cells projected on t-SNE plots of Nkx2-5+ and Isl1+ d CPCs https://scispace.com/papers/single-cell-sequencing-reveals-clonally-expanded-plasma-ckazqrm3nl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-clonally-expanded-plasma-cells-are-virus-specific-3teheu12.png Figure 4. Clonally expanded plasma cells are virus-specific and potentially autoreactive. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-virus-specific-somatic-variants-present-in-the-bm-2u7kr5cr.png Figure 6. Virus-specific somatic variants present in the BM PC repertoire are crossreactive. A-B. Mutational network of the NP-specific, second most expanded IgG clone. Nodes represent unique antibody variants (combined VH+VL nucleotide sequence) and edges https://scispace.com/papers/single-cell-rnaseq-uncovers-involution-mimicry-as-an-1mmq7nddej 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cancer-epithelial-cell-diversity-of-pymt-tumors-a1jbzlgz.png Figure 2. Cancer epithelial cell diversity of PyMT tumors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-orthogonal-validation-of-involution-cafs-in-pymt-wt-1wkl38fe.png Figure 5. Orthogonal validation of involution CAFs in PyMT/WT and PyMT/ELF5 tumors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-high-resolution-cell-composition-of-mmtv-pymt-3dq10grx.png Figure 1. High-resolution cell composition of MMTV-PyMT tumors https://scispace.com/papers/single-cell-transcriptome-conservation-in-cryopreserved-4p0bf90uyl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-differential-gene-expression-between-fresh-and-189w7swq.png Table 7: Differential gene expression between fresh and cryopreserved K562 cells. (SMARTseq2; top 40 genes). Table S8: Differential gene expression between fresh and cryopreserved PBMC. (MARS-Seq; top 40 genes). Table S9: Differential gene expression between a fresh and cryopreserved PDOX. (MARSseq; top 40 genes). (PDF 40 kb) https://scispace.com/papers/single-cell-transcriptomics-identifies-immunologic-priming-24xbhnpyod 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-validation-of-cd8-cd52-nkt-cells-as-predictor-in-va54garh.png Figure 6: Validation of CD8+/CD52+ NKT cells as predictor in separate cohort. A second cohort of 21 VA- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-single-cell-analysis-of-pbmcs-at-time-of-va-ecls-3ff9zd59.png Figure 2. Single cell analysis of PBMCs at time of VA-ECLS initiation. (A) Overview of study design. (B) Validation of cell type assignment by RNA expression of canonical surface markers. Major lymphocyte populations were quantified by both conventional flow cytometry and scRNASeq analysis. The proportion of cells in each population (as a proportion of all https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-novel-cell-surface-marker-identification-a-3ld2tqee.png Figure 5: Novel cell surface marker identification. (A) Differential expression analysis of surface markers. Blue spots https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-characteristics-of-study-participants-t-t-ss6gvuo7.png Table 1: Clinical characteristics of study participants. “t” = t-test, Wilc=Wilcox test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-differential-gene-expression-and-biological-oh1dtp5r.png Figure 4. Differential gene expression and biological function analysis. Cell-type specific differential gene expression. (A) Proportions of cells expressing each highly variable gene was compared between surviving and non-surviving patients (72 hour). For each gene, the p-value https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-major-pbmc-subtypes-do-not-predict-survival-2863ommr.png Figure 3. Major PBMC subtypes do not predict survival. Proportion of all PBMCs in each major PBMC subtype, stratified by 72 hour survival. Colored by cell type, matching those in Fig. 2D. P-value is for t-test, adjusted for multiple comparisons by method of Holm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-clinical-and-laboratory-characteristics-of-g85uqp26.png Figure 1: Clinical and laboratory characteristics of surviving and nonsurviving patients. (A) Key clinical https://scispace.com/papers/single-cell-transcriptomic-assessment-of-cellular-phenotype-4ny2tynj3l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gene-expression-profile-changes-in-endothelial-and-1fy4mtlx.png Figure 2. Gene expression profile changes in endothelial and alveolar epithelial cells between PCLS and Fresh cells. A) Violin plots of arteriole, capillary and venule endothelial cell clusters. Flow regulated gene expression is denoted with a gray background. A subset of flow regulated genes overlap with tip cell and stalk cell markers (columns). Tip cell markers are increased by PCLS culture but there is not a concurrent upregulation of stalk cell markers. Markers of static culture are upregulated and shear stress markers are downregulated in PCLS endothelial cells. B) Violin plots of AT1 and AT2 marker genes demonstrate downregulation after PCLS culture. C) Transitional cell marker genes are upregulated in PCLS culture in AT1 and AT2 cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-immune-cell-transcriptional-changes-induced-by-pcls-1ejqnlpw.png Figure 3. Immune cell transcriptional changes induced by PCLS culture. A) DotPlot demonstrating major immune cell class markers are maintained in PCLS culture. B) Immune cell proportions recovered from https://scispace.com/papers/single-cell-transcriptomics-and-cell-specific-proteomics-28d5gszhwq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sleep-deprivation-regulates-the-global-and-3owbe9pi.png Figure 7. Sleep deprivation regulates the global and phosphoproteome of astrocytes and neurons in cerebral cortex https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-transcriptional-profile-of-brainstem-cortex-and-36deoux8.png Figure 1. Transcriptional profile of brainstem, cortex and hypothalamic cells across sleep-wake states https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sleep-treatments-alter-the-expression-profile-of-10hawr41.png Figure 3. Sleep treatments alter the expression profile of cells in cortex https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-in-situ-hybridisation-validation-of-transcriptional-1yqmc1n1.png Figure 5. In situ hybridisation validation of transcriptional changes following sleep treatments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sleep-treatments-alter-the-expression-profile-of-10bk8r7b.png Figure 2. Sleep treatments alter the expression profile of cells in brainstem https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sleep-need-modulates-cell-cell-communication-and-3gqpg5s2.png Figure 6. Sleep need modulates cell-cell communication and gene regulatory networks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sleep-treatments-alter-the-expression-profile-of-3h32bpc4.png Figure 4. Sleep treatments alter the expression profile of cells in hypothalamus https://scispace.com/papers/single-chip-wireless-condition-monitoring-of-power-1pb0al24rk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-equivalent-model-for-a-coil-inductor-2f846109.png Fig. 4. Equivalent model for a coil inductor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-specifications-for-the-reader-coil-used-in-this-work-aski1g3m.png TABLE I SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE READER COIL USED IN THIS WORK. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-of-the-experiment-setup-the-left-hand-side-8bvm426o.png Fig. 3. Schematic of the experiment setup. The left-hand side represents the chip coil, Lchip connected in series with the resistor R1 and the signal generator vi1(t). The right-hand side represents the reader coil, Lreader, coupled to the chip coil, Lchip, with mutual inductance, M and connected in series with the resistor R2 and the signal generator, vi2(t). C1 represents the stray capacitance caused by the circuit board and the measurment equipment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-view-of-the-cross-section-of-a-wire-bond-157iv9nb.png Fig. 2. Schematic view of the cross-section of a wire-bond power semiconductor module whose devices are being monitored by single-chip temperature sensors powered by a nearby RFID reader. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-measured-and-calculated-data-for-the-power-transfer-j67xxcc4.png TABLE II MEASURED AND CALCULATED DATA FOR THE POWER TRANSFER EXPERIMENT EFFICIENCY DESCRIBED IN SECTION III-B. IREADER, RMS AND VCHIP, RMS ARE THE OBSERVED AMPLIDUDES OF THE READER COIL CURRENT AND THE CHIP COIL VOLTAGE, RESPECTIVELY. ηMAX IS THE CALCULATED POWER TRANSFER EFFICIENCY BASED ON THE MEASUREMENTS AND ESTIMATIONS FOR THE COIL RESISTANCES. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-view-of-the-cross-section-of-a-wire-bond-19fe9mbn.png Fig. 1. Schematic view of the cross-section of a wire-bond power semiconductor module. https://scispace.com/papers/single-component-surface-in-binary-self-assembled-nak-4gp1pza0bt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-na-2p-and-k-3p-xps-spectra-for-pure-1j8r33e7.png FIG. 1. Color online Na 2p and K 3p XPS spectra for pure single-component Na and K clusters top , clusters produced from the vapor of lower Na/K ratio middle , and clusters produced from the vapor of higher Na/K ratio bottom . For the two mixed cases, the Na 2p and the K 3p spectra are parts of the same spectra, from which the two regions have been extracted. For presentational clarity, the Na signal is divided by a factor of 1.4 in the middle spectrum and by 6.6 in the bottom spectrum relative to the corresponding K signal. An Ar 3p4nl satellite line is seen above the Na 2p features. https://scispace.com/papers/single-crystal-growth-and-anisotropic-magnetic-properties-of-594sd1sxlq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temperature-dependence-of-the-susceptibility-for-na0-29i6llfs.png FIG. 4. Temperature dependence of the susceptibility for Na0.92CoO2 sample measured with field parallel and perpendicular to the 001 direction. Inset shows the data measured in 1 and 5 T with field parallel to 001 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-temperature-dependence-of-susceptibility-for-na0-3butbf2f.png FIG. 5. Temperature dependence of susceptibility for Na0.93CoO2 sample measured in a field of 1 T. The open and closed symbols are for the magnetic field applied perpendicular and parallel to the 001 direction, respectively. Inset shows low temperature results at different parallel magnetic fields. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ab-versus-c-for-naxcoo2-with-x-0-91-0-92-and-0-93-bi6566oe.png FIG. 6. ab versus c for -NaxCoO2 with x=0.91, 0.92, and 0.93. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-crystallographic-data-for-na0-92coo2-in-the-space-1560m3k8.png TABLE I. Crystallographic data for Na0.92CoO2 in the space group R-3m No. 166 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-rietveld-refinement-pattern-for-the-2xbkbc68.png FIG. 3. Color online Rietveld refinement pattern for the asgrown -Na0.92CoO2 crystal. The observed diffraction intensities and the calculated patterns are represented by plus signs and solid lines, respectively. The curves at the bottom represent the difference. Short bars below the observed and calculated patterns indicate the positions of allowed Bragg reflections. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-for-nacoo2-single-crystals-24nnnecf.png FIG. 2. X-ray diffraction patterns for -NaCoO2 single crystals cleaved along the growth direction. All the peaks can be attributed to 00l . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-as-grown-single-crystal-of-nacoo2-and-right-the-j3zjwe16.png FIG. 1. Left As-grown single crystal of -NaCoO2 and right the cleaved crystal from the last grown part of the ingot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-temperature-dependence-of-the-susceptibility-for-na0-xflp56fx.png FIG. 7. Temperature dependence of the susceptibility for Na0.91CoO2 sample measured with three different magnetic field directions. https://scispace.com/papers/single-file-diffusion-of-interacting-particles-in-a-finite-2srx7178lo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-evolution-of-the-crossover-time-tcorr-in-3msew9p7.png FIG. 8. Color online Evolution of the crossover time tcorr in s. according to the ball position for V=1000 and 1300 V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-plot-of-the-m-s-d-in-mm2-of-the-first-3l4zufbp.png FIG. 7. Color online Plot of the m.s.d. in mm2 of the first four balls closest to the channel edge and of the central ball, as a function of time in s. , for V=1000 V a and 1300 V b , T =1012 K. Only short times evolution is displayed. The highest diffusion coefficient is always associated to the outermost ball and the diffusion slows down as the particle gets closer to the channel center. The diffusion increases with the applied voltage suggesting the particular role played by the confinement. Notice also the evolution of the crossover times with the ball positions. In insert, the corresponding curves for T=8 1011 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-evolution-of-the-mobility-f-with-the-t189v6z1.png FIG. 10. Color online Evolution of the mobility F with the ball position for V=1000 blue—light gray- et 1300V red—dark gray- , a T=1012 K, b T=8 1011 K . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-evolution-of-the-m-s-d-saturation-values-3v3b7f18.png FIG. 9. Color online Evolution of the m.s.d. saturation values i , in mm2, with the ball position for V=1000 V a and 1300V b , T=1012 K. Insert: The camel back evolution of i in mm2 is obtained if we consider the actual dependence of di with the ball number in the expression 2 . The order of magnitude is also satisfactorily recovered. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-color-online-sketch-of-the-confinement-cell-showing-oi2cx2jk.png FIG. 12. Color online Sketch of the confinement cell showing some equipotentials. The upper thick line is an electrode at potential V0, the lower thick line the electrode at potential 0. The equipotentials are plotted for V= iV0 /10, 1 i 9. The ratio between the small and large gap between the electrodes is =1 /15. The vertical axis is along the cell height, and the horizontal axis along its length. All distances are in mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-experimental-set-5cp41d0h.png FIG. 1. Color online Experimental set https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-between-the-m-s-d-at-saturation-i-7g3wkatq.png TABLE I. Comparison between the m.s.d. at saturation i measured in our experiments second and fourth column from left , the estimation provided by Eq. 7 first and third column and the simulations of Lizana and Ambjörnsson Ref. 6 and Eq. 3 for hard core interactions last column to the right . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-position-histograms-of-the-first-16th-and-ixruiirj.png FIG. 4. Color online Position histograms of the first, 16th, and 32th balls, from left to right, for V=1300 V and T=1012 K. For convenience, the histograms have been translated. https://scispace.com/papers/single-incision-laparoscopic-sterilization-of-the-cheetah-1srccxcunc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-ovariectomy-in-a-cheetah-a-the-proper-ligament-2ckf9hfp.png Figure 1 Left ovariectomy in a cheetah. (A) The proper ligament is graspedwith a Babcock forceps; (B) The ovary is elevated and the ovarian pedicle is coagulated and transected; (C) The suspensory ligament is coagulated and transected; (D) Ovariectomy is complete with the ovary free from all attachments. Suspensory Ligament (SL), Ovary (O), Uterine Horn (UH), Uterine Tube (UT), Paraovarian cyst (arrow). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-right-salpingectomy-in-a-cheetah-a-the-uterine-tube-1ojdlx35.png Figure 2 Right salpingectomy in a cheetah. (A) The uterine tube is elevated slightly; (B) The uterine tube and mesosalpinx is coagulated and transected at its uterine end; (C) Salpingectomy complete. Suspensory Ligament (SL), Ovary (O), Uterine Horn (UH), Uterine Tube (UT). https://scispace.com/papers/single-file-and-normal-diffusion-of-magnetic-colloids-in-3hxb713c82 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-a-c-log-log-plot-of-the-msd-in-the-x-3thfuu3n.png FIG. 8. (Color online) (a)–(c) Log-log plot of the MSD in the x direction Wx(t), as a function of time t for different values of the ratio V0/kBT . The yellow dotted line has a slope of 1 and is a guide for the eye. The transversal confinement strength is ω = 1.0 √ 2kBT /mσ 2 and the linear density is ρ = 0.5σ−1. Color code is the same as in Fig. 7. (d) Long-time self-diffusion coefficient, Ds , as a function of V0/kBT for different values of the commensurability factor p. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-effective-self-diffusion-coefficient-deff-2fv8r5gc.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Effective self-diffusion coefficient Deff/D0 of a single-particle in one dimension in the presence of a thermal bath and a periodic potential V (x ′) = V0 cos(x ′). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-a-snapshot-of-the-configuration-of-v8h65igu.png FIG. 10. (Color online) (a) Snapshot of the configuration of particles (black dots) for V0/kBT = 3.0. The modulation Vmod(x) is plotted as the solid red curve. (b),(c) Log-log plot of the MSD as a function of time t in the parallel and transversal direction, respectively, for different values of V0/kBT . The dotted yellow line has a slope of 1, the magenta dot-dashed line has a slope of 0.35, and both are guides for the eye. The open diamonds in (b) [(c)] indicate approximately the time scale (tN ) where the normal diffusive regime [subdiffusive regime] appears. (d) Parallel self-diffusion coefficient D|| and (e) anomalous transversal diffusion coefficient Ktrans, both as a function of V0/kBT . Parameters of the simulation are p = 2, ρ = 1.0σ−1, and ω = 1.0√2kBT /mσ 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-snapshot-of-the-configuration-of-the-nrccm2qx.png FIG. 9. (Color online) Snapshot of the configuration of the system for different values of the commensurability factor p = (a) 1/2, (b) 1, and (c) 3/2. For all cases, the strength of the x direction modulation is V0/kBT = 2.0. Note that L changes according to the value of p. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-log-log-plot-of-the-msd-in-the-x-16ulshgw.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Log-log plot of the MSD in the x direction Wx(t) as a function of time t for different values of the ratio V0/kBT . The yellow dotted line is a guide for the eye. The open diamonds indicate approximately the time scale (tN ) where the normal diffusive regime, i.e., Wx(t) ∝ t , is recovered. The transversal confinement strength isω = 1.0√2kBT /mσ 2 and the linear density isρ = 0.5σ−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-snapshot-of-the-configuration-of-the-2lc58a6d.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Snapshot of the configuration of the system forV0/kBT = 2.0. The particles are represented by yellow circles where the black arrows indicate the direction of the dipoles. The contour plot of the potential Vmod(x) + Vconf(y) is also shown. The linear density is ρ = 0.5σ−1 and the transversal confinement strength is ω = 1.0√2kBT /mσ 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-log-log-plot-of-the-transversal-msd-wy-t-363ch8f1.png FIG. 11. (Color online) Log-log plot of the transversal MSD Wy(t) as a function of time t , for different values of V0/kBT . The magenta dot-dashed line has a slope of 0.5 and is a guide for the eye. (Inset) Snapshot of the configuration of particles (black dots) for V0/kBT = 4.0. The modulation Vmod(x) is plotted as the solid red curve. Parameters of the simulation are p = 4, ρ = 2.0σ−1, and ω = 1.0√2kBT /mσ 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-the-same-as-fig-2-but-now-for-v0-kbt-4-0-5vigr0r6.png FIG. 6. (Color online) The same as Fig. 2 but now for V0/kBT = 4.0. Linear density is (a) ρ = 0.25σ−1 and (b) ρ = 0.75σ−1. For both cases, the transversal confinement strength is ω = 1.0√2kBT /mσ 2 and the commensurability factor is p = 1. https://scispace.com/papers/single-isomer-tetrasubstituted-olefins-from-regioselective-3txepyz0r1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proof-of-stereochemistry-via-noe-analysis-of-1vw53lh0.png Table 1. Proof of stereochemistry via nOe analysis of alcohols https://scispace.com/papers/single-molecule-enzymology-using-carbon-nanotube-circuits-2rgkgp6032 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-i-t-signals-transduced-by-a-single-pka-molecule-3rnco3br.png Figure 3: I(t) signals transduced by a single PKA molecule without substrate (top), with substrate (middle), and with both substrate and ATP (bottom). In the last case, a three-molecule complex forms for substrate phosphorylation, and the electronic signal transduces each step of the process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-durations-of-open-and-closed-conformations-2uebuwsi.png Table 1: Durations of Open and Closed Conformations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-detail-of-a-typical-biomolecular-chemical-linkage-13nq0cnm.png Figure 2: Detail of a typical biomolecular chemical linkage. The pyrene end of a pyrene-maleimide linker molecule noncovalently adheres to the SWNT sidewall. The desired protein is covalently linked to the maleimide group via a cysteine amino acid (highlighted green). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-single-biomolecule-nanocircuits-top-schematic-ijdjqbw1.png Figure 1: Single biomolecule nanocircuits. (top) Schematic representation of a device, showing the relative size of a nanotube to lysozyme. The drawing highlights lysozyme’s two active domains (light and dark grey), which move with respect to each other when processing substrate (red). (middle) Example AFM images of singlewalled carbon nanotube transistors, each labeled with a single T4 lysozyme molecule (arrows). Source and drain electrodes lay across the top and bottom of each image, protected under a polymer layer that passivates the device. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-i-t-signals-transduced-by-a-single-kf-molecule-in-3g5bofdj.png Figure 4: I(t) signals transduced by a single KF molecule in the presence of homopolymeric, single-stranded DNA (poly(dT)42) and complementary dATP nucleotides. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-top-a-cluster-of-excursions-as-a-single-template-3h8vd2lv.png Figure 5: (top) A cluster of excursions as a single template molecule binds to KF and then is processed. (bottom) Histogram of the number of closures observed in different clusters, as measured using a 42-base template. The peak at 42 closures indicates that each closure corresponds to one nucleotide incorporation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-i-t-signal-transduced-by-a-single-t4-lysozyme-1eoib58h.png Figure 6: I(t) signal transduced by a single T4 lysozyme molecule. I(t) fluctuates between two levels in sync with the enzyme domains opening and closing on its substrate, producing a real-time electrical recording of the enzyme’s activity. https://scispace.com/papers/single-mode-edf-fiber-laser-using-an-ultra-narrow-bandwidth-2zn98sdtx3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-output-spectrum-observed-from-0-02-nm-resolution-osa-jyf1qrel.png Fig. 4. Output spectrum observed from 0.02 nm resolution OSA and 0.16 pm resolution OSA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-single-mode-output-spectrum-as-taken-from-high-2o43nrre.png Fig. 6. Single mode output spectrum as taken from high resolution OSA (0.16 pm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-experimental-setup-for-characterize-of-optical-16obehto.png Fig. 1. The experimental setup for characterize of optical tunable filter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-diagram-of-the-slm-edf-laser-70aqaskh.png Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of the SLM EDF laser. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-characterization-of-optical-filter-a-bandwidth-229y9og0.png Fig. 2. Characterization of optical filter (a) bandwidth tunability from 50 to 850 pm; (b) wavelength tunability from 1485 to 1615 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-setup-for-delayed-self-heterodyned-method-15s6apt4.png Fig. 8. Setup for delayed self-heterodyned method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-rf-spectrum-of-output-laser-a-without-optical-filter-b-kasffcuc.png Fig. 7. RF spectrum of output laser (a) without optical filter, (b) with optical filter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-rf-beat-spectrum-using-delayed-self-heterodyne-method-2l3fz6zn.png Fig. 9. RF beat spectrum using delayed self-heterodyne method. https://scispace.com/papers/single-molecule-detection-and-underwater-fluorescence-26eoc3vihr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-near-field-fluorescence-and-topography-images-of-dppc-9s9hnzwy.png FIG. 3. Near-field fluorescence and topography images of DPPC/diIC18 films in air, a and b, and under aqueous conditions, c and d. In air, the fluoresc from the liquid-like lipid phase~a! is correlated with the low topography regions observed in~b! the force image. Under aqueous conditions, the fluoresce ~c! and force~d! force images are less correlated and indicate the formation of multilayer films. In both air and aqueous surroundings, the tapping-m images are sensitive to height changes in the film of less than 1.5 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-10mm310-mm-near-field-fluorescence-image-of-single-avbl5uel.png FIG. 1. 10mm310 mm near-field fluorescence image of single diIC18 molecules in a DPPC lipid monolayer, taken using a cantilevered fiber o NSOM probe. https://scispace.com/papers/single-lap-joints-of-similar-and-dissimilar-adherends-bonded-434w04sxe2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-detail-of-the-mesh-used-for-the-pe-pe-joint-at-the-145im78b.png FIGURE 4 Detail of the mesh used for the PE=PE joint at the overlap region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-schematic-representation-of-the-transverse-1k7fsebh.png FIGURE 11 Schematic representation of the transverse deformation for the SLJs combining PE with other materials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-sxy-stress-distributions-in-the-adhesive-layer-for-3i7zts3y.png FIGURE 10 sxy stress distributions in the adhesive layer for the SLJs combining PE with other materials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-sxy-stress-distributions-at-three-planes-for-the-2farb22d.png FIGURE 23 sxy stress distributions at three planes for the PE=GFRP SLJ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-ry-stress-distributions-at-three-planes-for-the-pe-3dl9jk4v.png FIGURE 22 ry stress distributions at three planes for the PE=GFRP SLJ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-ry-stress-distributions-at-three-planes-for-the-21udkpk8.png FIGURE 24 ry stress distributions at three planes for the GFRP=GFRP SLJ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-sxy-stress-distributions-at-three-planes-for-the-3pkrvg2b.png FIGURE 25 sxy stress distributions at three planes for the GFRP=GFRP SLJ. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cfrp-and-gfrp-adherends-mechanical-properties-1iwdajbx.png TABLE 2 CFRP and GFRP Adherends’ Mechanical Properties https://scispace.com/papers/single-molecule-fret-combined-with-magnetic-tweezers-at-low-2xgqbcombl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-schematic-diagram-of-the-fret-mt-experiment-for-ytv47u9w.png Figure 2. (A) Schematic diagram of the FRET-MT experiment for the Holliday junction. (B) Force-extension curve of the DNA sample. The solid line represents the fit to the wormlike chain (WLC) model. (C) Donor and acceptor channels recorded by EMCCD. Green laser excitation is always on. Bead height is about 2 μm (top) or 0 μm (bottom). (D) Intensity of bead autofluorescence at varying heights. (E) Force-dependent conformational dynamics of the Holliday junction observed via FRET. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-diagram-of-the-fret-mt-experimental-34a42ur7.png Figure 1. (A) Schematic diagram of the FRET-MT experimental setup. The identities of the components are: L1, a lens (f = 25.4 mm, LA1951-A, Thorlabs); L2, a lens (f = 250 mm, LA1301-A, Thorlabs); L3, an achromatic lens (f = 300 mm, AC508 300A, Thorlabs); L4, an achromatic lens (f = 120 mm, 01 LAO 538, Melles Griot); L5, an achromatic lens (f = 260.1 mm, 01 LAO 638, Melles Griot); L6, a lens (f = 50 mm, LA1131-A, Thorlabs); D1, a dichroic mirror (640dcxr, Chroma); D2, a dichroic mirror (z532rdc, Chroma); D3, a dichroic mirror (z780dcspxr, Chroma); F1, a shortpass filter (HQ750sp-2p, Chroma); F2, a bandpass filter (HQ850/90x, Chroma); F3, a longpass filter (LP03532RU, Chroma). (B) Symmetry recognition method for xy positioning. (C) Radial intensity profiles for z positioning and images of the bead with two different heights. (D) Histograms of x, y and z positions of a bead immobilized on the coverglass. https://scispace.com/papers/single-molecule-imaging-reveals-topology-dependent-mutual-22zui4s3pp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-lapse-fluorescence-images-and-ca-tracking-2j33cc3v.png Figure 2. Time lapse fluorescence images and CA tracking images. (Top) Time lapse fluorescence images of (a) a fluorescently labeled 42 kbp linear tracer DNA in a 1 mg/ml solution of unlabeled 42 kbp linear DNA (L-L); (b) a fluorescently labeled 42 kbp cyclic tracer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-illustration-of-the-single-molecule-2jw7el47.png Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the single-molecule fluorescence imaging setup for direct visualization of the motion of individual polymer chains in an entangled solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-illustration-of-topology-dependent-2l1duwvr.png Figure 5. Schematic illustration of topology-dependent diffusion and relaxation. The motion and conformational relaxation of (a) L-L, (b) C-C, and (c) C-L (orange lines) occurring within their relaxation times. The cyan dots show obstacles due to the surrounding chains. The crosses show the center-of-mass at each time point. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cumulative-area-analysis-of-the-diffusion-and-3p2exnps.png Figure 4. Cumulative area analysis of the diffusion and relaxation time. Typical cumulative area difference plots obtained for (a) Dilute L (black line) and Dilute C (red line) and (b) L-L (black line), C-C (red line), and C-L (blue line). (c) Mean diffusion coefficients (top) and the widths of their distribution (bottom) of Dilute L, Dilute C, L-L, C-C, and C-L determined by the initial slopes of the cumulative area difference plots. Typical autocorrelation curves of the timedependent fluctuation of the area occupied by (d) Dilute L (black line) and Dilute C (red line), https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-cumulative-area-plots-the-simulated-mean-2b5zh6ne.png Figure 3. Mean cumulative area plots. The simulated mean cumulative area plots of 1D (red lines) and 2D (black lines) random motion and the experimentally obtained mean cumulative area plots for the 42 kbp DNA (blue circles); (a) Dilute L (top) and Dilute C (bottom), (b) L-L, (c) C-C, and (d) C-L. The grey dashed lines are the fittings of the experimentally obtained plots by a power-law function. The grey and yellow dashed lines for L-L and C-C are the fittings of the two diffusion modes observed at different time scales with a power-law function. https://scispace.com/papers/single-nucleotide-polymorphism-detection-by-polymerase-chain-27sdkj2zfs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-troubleshooting-information-2of9il2h.png Table 1. Troubleshooting information. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1pcr-rflp-typing-of-hla-drb1-27cqpufb.png Figure 1PCR-RFLP typing of HLA-DRB1 https://scispace.com/papers/single-molecule-imaging-reveals-the-interplay-between-3zowr8trsh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-galactose-signaling-regulates-transcription-levels-3noyf4l7.png Figure 6. Galactose signaling regulates transcription levels by modulating burst frequency but not burst duration. (A) Example trace of PP7-GAL10 transcription in 2% galactose. (B) Boxplot of the onset of the first transcription event in different doses of galactose. (C) The autocorrelation was used to interpret the burst duration and burst frequency changes. Burst duration is measured by the intersect of the two linear fits. When burst duration is constant, the amplitude is inversely related to the burst frequency. (D) Burst duration from autocorrelation is constant across 4 different galactose concentrations. (E) Amplitude of autocorrelation decreases (burst frequency increases) at higher doses of galactose. (F) Example traces of two single cells exposed to two different doses of galactose. Same-cell dose response shows same burst duration (G) but lower amplitude (H) at higher galactose concentration, indicating that galactose levels regulate burst frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mutations-in-uas-reduce-residence-time-of-gal4-on-2dti3tto.png Figure 2. Mutations in UAS reduce residence time of Gal4 on nucleosomal DNA in vitro. (A) Competitive binding experiments were performed to determine relative affinity of Gal4 to UASwt (green) and UASmut (blue) motifs. Gal4 occupancy on UASwt Cy3/Cy5 DNA was determined by measuring protein induced fluorescence enhancement (PIFE) on 51 bp oligos containing either Gal4 UASwt or UASmut site 1 bp away from Cy3 fluorophore). (B) Titrating unlabeled UASwt or UASmut competitor DNA reduces UASwt Cy3/Cy5 DNA occupancy. IC50UASwt = 4.0 ± 0.6 nM, IC50UASmut = 17.3 ± 3.5 nM. (C) Comparison between relative affinities of Gal4 UASwt versus UASmut in naked or nucleosomal DNA shows 4.3 ± 1.1x difference in KD from naked DNA and 6.8 ± 1.7x from nucleosomal DNA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gal4-binds-at-the-edge-of-a-fragile-nucleosome-in-2jiag1ba.png Figure 3. Gal4 binds at the edge of a fragile nucleosome in galactose in vivo. Profiles of nucleosome midpoint positions by MNase-seq experiments. Samples were digested with the indicated MNase concentrations in both raffinose (raf) and galactose (gal) containing media. Midpoints of nucleosomes are smoothed by 31 bp. In galactose the stable nucleosomes move away from the Gal4UAS, creating space for an additional fragile nucleosome (indicated by arrow). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-schematic-of-transcriptional-bursting-regulation-by-20w88jr3.png Figure 7. Schematic of transcriptional bursting regulation by TF dynamics. Longer TF binding results in a larger burst size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-measurements-of-the-gal4-residence-time-in-vivo-1tbnnbd1.png Figure 4. Measurements of the Gal4 residence time in vivo shows two Gal4 populations, with long residence times colocalizing with target gene. (A) Simultaneous imaging of Gal4 binding kinetics in vivo using single-molecule tracking and RNA imaging of the GAL10 target gene. Gal4 is tagged with a HALO-tag, which covalently binds to the dye JF646. Transcription of the target gene GAL10 is visualized by PP7loops. (B) Example image of a cell, showing the GAL10 TS (arrow, left panel), single molecules of Gal4 (arrows, middle panel) and an overlay (right panel). (C) Example kymograph of a cell. Upper panel (PP7-GAL10) shows the position of the TS over time. Middle panel (Gal4-HALO) show tracks of Gal4. Data is in white, colored lines show analyzed tracks. Lower panel shows overlay, showing colocalization of some the Gal4 tracks to the GAL10 TS. (D) Survival probability of the duration of Gal4 tracks (after displacement thresholding) at 200 ms interval from cells grown in raffinose or galactose. Lines show bi-exponential fit, indicating 2 Gal4 populations. Inset shows data in semilogarithmic plot. (E) Residence time of the fast and slow component of the fits from (D). The slow component changes between conditions. (F) Survival probability of Gal4 residence times that colocalize with GAL10 TS (<250nm), showing that Gal4 with long residence time colocalizes with GAL10. Data was taken at 1s interval. Line shows exponential fit, with mean of 12.3s ± 0.83s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-real-time-correlation-of-gal4-binding-and-2cs2pn2d.png Figure 5. Real-time correlation of Gal4 binding and transcription in vivo using orbital tracking. (A) Schematic of 3D orbital tracking of GAL10 TS. (B) Example trace of Gal4 binding and GAL10 transcription in the same cell. (C) Autocorrelation of Gal4. The exponential fit shows an average dwell time of 34.8 ± 0.5s. (D) Autocorrelation of GAL10. The fit of 2 linear lines reveals a burst duration of 152.4 ± 2.3s. (E) Cross correlations for Gal4-GAL10 RNA (blue) and Gal4-RNR2 RNA (grey, negative control). Asymmetry and positive temporal shift of the cross correlation function is consistent with a 79.5 ± 0.2 second delay between the middle of Gal4 and GAL10 signals, which is not seen in the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mutations-in-upstream-activating-sequence-uas-obax3ii5.png Figure 1. Mutations in upstream activating sequence (UAS) reduces burst size, but not burst frequency. (A) Transcription at GAL3 is visualized by addition of PP7 loops at the 5’ of GAL3. Example trace of the quantified fluorescence intensity of the transcription site. Traces are binarized to determine on (active) and off (inactive) times. (B) Histogram of GAL3 on time (burst duration) for cells with wt and mutated UAS, respectively, reveals shorter on times for mutated UAS. Errors indicate SE of 3 experiments. (C) Histogram of GAL3 off times. Errors indicate SE of 3 experiments. (D) Similar to (A), but from cells were the UAS was mutated to a lower affinity UAS. Also see Figure S1. (E). Average on time for UASwt and UASmut from exponential fit. Errors indicate SD of fit. (F) Average off time for UASwt and UASmut from exponential fit. Errors indicate SD of fit. (G) Example traces https://scispace.com/papers/single-mutation-at-a-highly-conserved-region-of-4t9a72cr9j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-plasmids-and-strains-used-in-this-study-gkj0zkvt.png Table 2 Plasmids and strains used in this study https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-kinetic-parameters-of-the-wild-type-cat-sa-and-3kowjmrx.png Table 1 Kinetic parameters of the wild-type CAT Sa and mutant CAT Sa F97W https://scispace.com/papers/single-particle-fragmentation-in-ultrasound-assisted-impact-10cksn8yog 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scaling-for-largest-2nd-largest-and-average-fragment-2txj3beg.png Fig. 4 Scaling for largest, 2nd-largest and average fragment mass (top row) and number of fragments (bottom row) as function of impact velocity for stationary targets (left column) and for US-assisted impact at vi = 145m/s with diverse wave length w and amplitude a (right column) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-final-fragmented-stage-for-static-and-vibrating-39z1bcce.png Fig. 5 Final fragmented stage for static and vibrating targets. Colors represent different clusters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-evolution-of-the-angular-distribution-of-broken-1arn9bmd.png Fig. 6 Evolution of the angular distribution of broken elements a and average damage maps for various wave length at an amplitude a = 150 µm b https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-inter-sphere-interaction-a-and-beam-deformation-with-1bztzabk.png Fig. 1 Inter-sphere interaction a and beam deformation with Euler-Bernoulli element b https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-fragment-mass-distributions-for-static-targets-a-and-frl0hhea.png Fig. 8 Fragment mass distributions for static targets a and vibrating ones b. The inset shows the dependences of the power law exponent β for small fragment masses with the transition to the shattered phase https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-damage-evolution-for-static-and-37tslyns.png Fig. 7 Comparison of damage evolution for static and vibrating targets for vi = 145m/s. Broken beams are colored corresponding to their failure time. Single broken beams are pruned for a better visibility of main cracks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-energy-increase-due-to-contact-stimulation-of-hwrbclyw.png Fig. 2 Energy increase due to contact stimulation of eigenmodes for amplitudes ranging from 10 to 200 µm, impact velocity vi = 145m/s and various wave lengths a. In b the generalized mass, normalized by the total system mass is given for the first eigenmodes (1–7,10). Note that the generalized mass is defined by the product θ Nα M NMθMα of the model’s mass matrix MNM with the α-th eigenvector θ Nα eigenvector of the model. N and M refer to the degrees of freedom of the model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-shear-and-circumferential-stresses-for-impact-of-a-ecwwpjx1.png Fig. 3 Shear and circumferential stresses for impact of a sphere at 145m/s with static and vibrating targets https://scispace.com/papers/single-nucleotide-polymorphisms-and-risk-factors-predictive-xcryuvbck1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-snp-rs488087-occurrence-13xoyzw4.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of SNP rs488087 occurrence in different groups. Non-MPD, non-malignant pancreatic diseases; Controls, cancer-free control subjects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-representation-of-the-functional-splicing-vector-1ldro8m4.png Figure 2. Representation of the functional splicing vector pCAS2. The amplicons (BSDL-1719C and BSDL-1719T) were cloned into the pCAS reporter vector, based on the pcDNA3.1 plasmid which contained a minigene composed of two exons (named A and B) separated by an intron. The splicing reporter minigene assay pCAS2 was used to evaluate the effect on splicing. After transfection into HEK-293T cells and RNA extraction, analysis of transcripts by Sanger sequencing showed no difference between the BSDL-1719C construction and BSDL-1719T construction by which an ESE sequence could be created. Grey arrows show forward and reverse primers and the star symbolizes the putative ESE sequence and the localization of the SNP rs488087. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-snps-predictive-of-pancreatic-cancer-1hoqxsa4.png Table 1. SNPs predictive of pancreatic cancer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-representation-of-bsdl-vntr-nb2-mrna-structure-and-3asi1ers.png Figure 3. Representation of BSDL VNTR Nb2-mRNA structure and stability. In silico analysis revealed a difference between the two transcripts: BSDL-1719C and BSDL-1719T. Colors and percentages indicate mRNA stability. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-snps-predictive-of-different-cancers-and-their-1zphx0n0.png Table 2. SNPs predictive of different cancers and their clinical impact https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-snps-predictive-of-non-neoplastic-diseases-and-their-zfx7jf03.png Table 3. SNPs predictive of non-neoplastic diseases and their mechanistic implications https://scispace.com/papers/single-particle-counting-based-on-digital-plasmonic-4y60zdaoyd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-detection-of-single-aunps-and-differentiation-of-np-3gnboynf.png Fig. 2. Detection of single AuNPs and differentiation of NP size by DIAMOND. (A) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-detection-of-respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv-in-a-one-12tb5uou.png Fig. 5. Detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in a one-step homogenous https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-schematics-illustration-for-the-concept-of-diamond-31evwqnq.png Fig. 1. The schematics illustration for the concept of DIAMOND. (A) The spectroscopy- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-detection-of-sio2-beads-in-a-homogeneous-assay-by-2sp90amb.png Fig. 4. Detection of SiO2 beads in a homogeneous assay by DIAMOND. (A) Schematic of a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-identification-of-heterogeneity-by-diamond-a-22gu8j38.png Fig. 3. Identification of heterogeneity by DIAMOND. (A) Representative PNB signals traces https://scispace.com/papers/single-particle-nanomechanics-in-operando-batteries-via-5aurh8vf7m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interior-strain-distribution-on-selected-cross-3phqgivk.png Figure 3. Interior strain distribution on selected cross sections at positions shown by the leftmost figure. Single-particle strain cross sections show the onset of coherency strain and resulting stripe patterns at 8.143 and 8.142 Å. Note the first slicing is scaled differently than the other two. Blue and red represent the α and β phases, respectively, for the cross sections at 8.143 and 8.142 Å. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-isosurface-projections-of-strain-evolution-the-3n80s2py.png Figure 2. Isosurface projections of strain evolution. The nanoparticle shell and core both show inhomogeneous strain during discharge. Images are labeled by their respective lattice constant values and open circuit voltages. The highest lattice strain occurs immediately prior to the phase transformation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-schematic-of-the-in-situ-cxdi-setup-r07s9d6m.png Figure 1. Experimental schematic of the in situ CXDI setup with lattice constant evolution inset. Diamonds and squares show lattice evolution during discharge and charge, respectively. Stars show ex situ X-ray diffraction data during charge. Errors are within the symbols. The scale bar for diffraction data is 0.05 nm−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-elastic-energy-landscape-of-a-single-particle-mkei8ye5.png Figure 4. Elastic energy landscape of a single particle during charge and discharge. Uncertainties are within the symbols. Energy barriers to the phase transformation are indicated with green arrows. Dashed blue line is the expected shape after completion of the phase transformation. https://scispace.com/papers/single-pass-and-approximate-dynamic-programming-algorithms-25lqs68qv0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-factors-of-the-simulation-experiments-2v5xpanf.png Table 1: Factors of the simulation experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-capacity-profile-with-regular-r-and-non-regular-nr-ddof7taa.png Figure 2: Capacity profile with regular (R) and non-regular (NR) capacity units. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-profits-and-cpu-times-for-varying-horizon-21slneup.png Figure 5: Average profits and CPU times for varying horizon lengths and number of simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-with-regular-r-and-non-regular-nr-capacity-tshza36a.png Figure 1: Example with regular (R) and non-regular (NR) capacity units. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-the-rollout-algorithm-and-threshold-1pz2xmk1.png Table 3: Comparison of the rollout algorithm and threshold policy for c = 1 and i = 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-capacity-profile-with-regular-r-and-non-regular-nr-3ufzr8vf.png Figure 4: Capacity profile with regular (R) and non-regular (NR) capacity units, showing allocated units (light grey) and an order plan (dark grey). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-capacity-profile-with-regular-r-and-non-regular-nr-2a6j63sl.png Figure 3: Capacity profile with regular (R) and non-regular (NR) capacity units, showing allocated units (light grey), a virtual plan (medium grey) and an alternative order plan (dark grey). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-percentage-increase-in-the-objective-1986lr3k.png Table 2: Average percentage increase in the objective function when changing from the FCFS policy to the threshold policy, with c = 1 and c = 2.5. https://scispace.com/papers/single-pass-beam-position-monitor-of-newsubaru-3qhdipywp0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-of-monitoring-beam-position-when-the-2cojjat8.png Figure 4: Results of monitoring beam position when the horizontal displacement is very large. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-change-of-the-pulse-intensity-10qckk20.png Figure 5: A change of the pulse intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cross-section-of-the-bpm-rxi66mic.png Figure 3: Cross section of the BPM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shape-of-the-detected-signal-2n7707gf.png Figure 2: Shape of the detected signal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-one-unit-half-of-the-system-xwpl2ykg.png Figure 1: One unit (half) of the system https://scispace.com/papers/single-photon-multiple-ionization-forming-double-vacancies-34b1xfyxit 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-calculated-spectra-for-different-sharing-of-the-3kapo8te.png FIG. 4. (a) Calculated spectra for different sharing of the excess energy between the two photoelectrons (see text). (b) Calculated spectra for different sizes of the CSF basis in the MCDF calculations. (1) 2p43s23p6 single-configuration representation of the bound state of the remaining photoion; (2) including, in addition, 2p2 → 3d2 excitations but by restricting the scattering states to d electrons in the continuum; (3) the same as (2) for s + p + d + f continua of the outgoing electrons. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-experimental-argon-2p-2-ionization-energies-and-1kn8sen8.png TABLE I. Experimental argon 2p−2 ionization energies and relative intensities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-spectrum-of-argon-doubly-ionized-by-670-2bvmkd74.png FIG. 1. Experimental spectrum of argon doubly ionized by 670 eV photons where the two electrons were removed from the 2p subshell. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-energy-distribution-of-one-electron-from-the-pair-2i181kkj.png FIG. 3. (a) Energy distribution of one electron from the pair emitted in the formation of the Ar 2p−2 1D state. (b) Spectrum of background events contaminating both (a) and the full 2p−2 spectrum (cf. Fig. 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-coincidence-map-showing-the-energy-correlation-of-10n7hh8i.png FIG. 2. (a) Coincidence map showing the energy correlation of the two Auger electrons emitted in the decay of the 2p−2 states. (b) Spectrum of the final Ar4+ states. Levels related to the 3s23p2 and 3s13p3 configurations given in the NIST database [33] are indicated by vertical bars. https://scispace.com/papers/single-photon-single-ionization-of-w-ions-experiment-and-o05wso919h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-nist-18-tabulated-data-with-the-bfkbdiov.png Table 1. Comparison of the NIST [18] tabulated data with the present theoretical energies obtained by using the GRASP code. Relative energies with respect to the ground state are given in eV. A sample of the 19 lowest NIST levels of the residual W2+ ion are compared with two different GRASP calculations, 449- and 573-level approximations. https://scispace.com/papers/single-shot-extreme-ultraviolet-laser-imaging-of-27php7knky 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-single-shot-euv-images-of-a-a-70-nm-half-tno8z6o2.png Fig. 2. (Color online) Single shot EUV images of (a) a 70 nm half period grating and (b) its corresponding lineout with an 83% intensity modulation, and (c) a 54 nm half-period grating with (d) an intensity lineout showing an average modulation of 33%. The EUV images were acquired using a zone plate objective having an outer zone width of ∆r = 73 nm (NA = 0.32). SEM images of portions of the gratings are displayed in the lower corner of the EUV images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematic-setup-of-the-compact-46-9-nm-pdwvf6m6.png Fig. 1. (Color online) Schematic setup of the compact 46.9 nm wavelength microscope. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-single-shot-image-of-an-entanglement-of-qu859568.png Fig. 4. (Color online) Single shot image of an entanglement of 50 nm diameter carbon nanotubes. This image was obtained using the ∆r = 73 nm objective lens and a wavelength of 46.9 nm. Features such as nanotube bifurcations are visible. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-measured-mtfs-for-objective-zone-plates-5z2stiql.png Fig. 3. (Color online) Measured MTFs for objective zone plates with outer zone widths of ∆r = 200 nm, 124 nm, and 73 nm (NA = 0.12, 0.19 and 0.32). The intensity modulation transfer is graphed as a function of the half-period of the grating sample and the spatial frequency, the inverse of the spatial period. The modulation transfer values were obtained by averaging multiple intensity lineouts within an image, and the curves were added to guide the eye. For the ∆r = 200 nm, 124 nm, and 73 nm zone plates, Rayleigh-like resolution values of 120, 80 nm, and 54 nm, respectively, were measured. https://scispace.com/papers/single-shot-kerr-magnetometer-for-observing-real-time-domain-3dvdfrz5zk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-background-corrected-and-normalized-moke-data-trace-1voxz3u9.png Figure 4. Background corrected and normalized MOKE data trace fitted with an error function. The DW crosses the centre of the laser spot at t0 = 34.59µs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-raw-data-moke-signal-showing-a-dw-traversing-the-16iu527i.png Figure 3. (a) Raw data (MOKE signal) showing a DW traversing the MOKE laser spot at approximately 35µs after the start of the laser pulse indicated by a sharp jump in the signal. The slow rise at the beginning is due to the laser light being switched on. (b) For comparison raw data without a DW prepared. No jump is visible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reflectivity-trace-obtained-by-scanning-the-focused-26ev9w1b.png Figure 2. Reflectivity trace obtained by scanning the focused MOKE laser spot over the edge of a gold contact pad onto the Si substrate. Fitting with an error function gives the size of the laser spot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-of-the-moke-setup-b-optical-microscope-1m3y2qhg.png Figure 1. (a) Schematic of the MOKE setup, (b) optical microscope image of 500 nm wide Py wires including gold contact pads on both sides and (c) XMCD-PEEM image of a DW initialized at a kink in the wire (1500 nm wide). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-dw-velocity-vdw-versus-depinning-field-hdp-and-b-4a3m422f.png Figure 5. (a) DW velocity vDW versus depinning field Hdp and (b) probability distribution of vDW in a 1500 nm wide Py wire 10µm away from the DW start position. https://scispace.com/papers/single-sided-radio-frequency-field-gradient-with-two-3epb07bjrz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-inter-loop-distance-d-relatively-to-a-radius-of-the-2ipwm19q.png TABLE II. Inter-loop distance d (relatively to a, radius of the main coil) and values of the m12 dimensionless factor in the expression of the mutual inductance M12 (see Eqs. (12) and (13)) for the arrangements Sa and Ea. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-dimensions-relatively-to-the-radius-a-of-the-main-3bnedv5n.png TABLE I. Dimensions (relatively to the radius a of the main loop) of the SLa, Sa and Ea gradient-coils. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-experimental-values-of-the-quality-factor-q-of-all-273fk6o2.png TABLE IV. Experimental values of the quality factor Q of all the prototypes of the rf coils employed in this work (measured outside the magnet). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-theoretical-values-for-the-gradient-coil-3nqat219.png TABLE III. Theoretical values for the gradient coil prototypes: the total inductance L, the capacitor CA for an isolated system, and the capacitors (CS, CT, CM) in the case of a capacitive coupling (see Fig. 7) and a quality factor Q lying in the 100-300 range. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-results-of-a-diffusion-experiment-performed-with-the-17ixdepv.png FIG. 9. Results of a diffusion experiment performed with the antenna Sa (Fig. 6) in the vertical 4.7 T magnet. The rf gradient is equal to 68 mT m-1. A classical NMR 5 mm o.d. tube, filled with octanol, is set into (or removed from) pneumatically the NMR probe. ∆ is set at 0.5 s. δ values are represented on the horizontal scale. The solid line represents the best fit to experimental data according to Eq. (18). https://scispace.com/papers/single-precision-natural-logarithm-architecture-for-hard-3zkmje51xp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dsp-block-in-floating-point-configuration-108g6j93.png Figure 2. DSP block in floating-point configuration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fixed-point-product-to-floating-point-decomposition-2r14z6gx.png Figure 5. Fixed-point product to floating-point decomposition showing i, j and k mantissa alignments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-architecture-for-the-single-precision-natural-2g1mb4cf.png Figure 6. Architecture for the single-precision natural logarithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-log-1-y-log-rm-in-red-log-1-y-in-blue-log-rm-in-36ydnxrw.png Figure 4. log(1+ y)− log(rm) in red; log(1+ y) in blue; − log(rm) in green https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-log-m-m-2-2-2-10ten4he.png Figure 3. log(m), m ∈ [ √ 2 2 , √ 2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-natural-logarithm-resources-on-a10-speedgrade-i1-35q22bbp.png Table II NATURAL LOGARITHM RESOURCES ON A10, SPEEDGRADE I1. ITERATIVE IS REPORTED FOR VIRTEX4 (ALMS NUMBER REPRESENTS SLICES, DSP NUMBER REPRESENTS DSP48S AND M20K NUMBER REPRESENTS RAMB16. https://scispace.com/papers/single-water-solvation-dynamics-in-the-4-aminobenzonitrile-1zzjs68nk3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rempi-spectra-of-4abn-w-recorded-using-ps-lasers-a-1-3s17yajm.png Fig. 2 REMPI spectra of 4ABN–W recorded using ps lasers (a, 1 + 10 REMPI) and a ns laser (b, 1 + 1 REMPI). In the ps time-resolved experiments, nexc is fixed to the S10 0 band of the ABN–W(CN) isomer indicated by the arrow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-excess-energy-dependence-of-the-ir-spectrum-of-4abn-w-2ohlrvwf.png Fig. 6 Excess energy dependence of the IR spectrum of 4ABN+–W ionized via the S10 0 origin band of 4ABN–W(CN). The ionization excess energies are indicated in each panel. https://scispace.com/papers/single-stroke-language-agnostic-keylogging-using-stereo-1lyvqjlwlx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-accuracies-of-elementary-algorithms-for-some-sample-puzk3svj.png Table 1: Accuracies of elementary algorithms for some sample sets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-top-left-a-noisy-unprocessed-raw-audio-sample-for-jas30m3w.png Figure 7: (Top Left) A noisy unprocessed raw audio sample for letter ‘V’; (Top Right) Noise removed from the sample after frequency filtering; (Bottom Left) The filtered sample after tap extraction; (Bottom Right) The sample after resampling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-flow-diagram-of-the-meta-algorithm-1aszbqlp.png Figure 8: Flow diagram of the Meta-algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-architecture-of-the-key-inference-system-gw1keolq.png Figure 1: Architecture of the key inference system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-middle-and-bottom-similarity-between-two-2cdtheto.png Figure 3: (Top, middle and bottom) Similarity between two keystrokes for letters ‘Q’, ‘V’ and ‘I’; Each letter pattern is visually different from other letter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-location-of-the-accelerometer-gyroscope-and-3r19xefx.png Figure 2: Location of the Accelerometer, Gyroscope and Microphones on HTC One; Approximate location of keys ‘I’, ‘Q’ and ‘V’ on standard QWERTY keyboard. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-final-single-stroke-meta-algorithm-accuracy-for-pa8xgufv.png Table 4: Final single stroke meta-algorithm accuracy for several sample sets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-area-wise-accuracy-of-qwerty-keyboard-sample-set-hnkdu531.png Table 2: Area-wise accuracy of QWERTY keyboard sample set. https://scispace.com/papers/single-thermal-plume-in-locally-heated-vertical-soap-films-11u8kezcf2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-film-thickness-vs-vertical-coordinate-h-for-several-oxk3p2dr.png FIG. 3. Film thickness vs vertical coordinate H for several values of Q. The inset shows the dependence of the exponent of Eq. (4) on the injected flow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-height-reached-by-the-plume-in-the-film-bulk-vs-time-3a7n3gi4.png FIG. 6. Height reached by the plume in the film bulk vs time. The injected flow value is fixed at 0.5 cm3/s. The inset represents aspect ratios linked to different experimental parameters. Squares, circles, and triangles represent flows values of 0.44, 0.5, and 0.57 cm3/s, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-used-to-produce-thermal-plumes-in-1500ajue.png FIG. 1. Experimental setup used to produce thermal plumes in fed soap films. See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-infrared-images-used-to-investigate-thermal-plumes-1yjg5613.png FIG. 2. Infrared images used to investigate thermal plumes’ behaviors (Q = 0.76 cm3/s, T = 21◦C). The darker the area is, the hotter the temperature is. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-superposition-of-experimental-h-t-points-and-numerical-1167pq0t.png FIG. 7. Superposition of experimental H (t) (points) and numerical results obtained by solving Eq. (15) (solid line). Numerical equilibrium heights and growth times are in quantitative agreement with experimental data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-thickness-profiles-as-functions-of-the-horizontal-2psf412l.png FIG. 4. Thickness profiles as functions of the horizontal coordinate x. Those profiles are considered for different values of the vertical coordinate H . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-evolution-of-tc-vs-q-points-represent-experimental-2ybeb6fz.png FIG. 5. Evolution of Tc vs Q. Points represent experimental values, while the solid line represent a semitheoretical model of Tc [see Eq. (18)]. https://scispace.com/papers/single-walled-carbon-nanotube-weak-links-in-kondo-regime-42qdalivx6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-superconducting-i-v-curves-at-a-few-gate-39knpo6k.png FIG. 2. Color online Superconducting I-V curves at a few gate voltage values in a Fabry-Pérot regime and b Kondo regime. The circles on each I-V curve show how the measured critical current ICM was determined Ref. 22 . ICM versus zero-bias normal-state conductance GN, measured for a resonance with TK=14 K, is displayed in c where the black dots and red light gray triangles refer to Fabry-Pérot several resonances and Kondo data, respectively. Data in a were measured in the same cool down as Fig. 1 a at T =60 mK; data in b were taken from another cool down after Fig. 1 b at T=60 mK with unchanged GN. The current of the smallest ICM curve in b has been amplified by a factor of 5 for clarity. Black and red light gray solid lines in c are theoretical fits using Eq. 1 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-normal-state-differential-conductance-gd-k7bsgmvq.png FIG. 1. Color online Normal-state differential conductance Gd on the plane spanned by bias voltage Vds and gate voltage Vg in a Fabry-Pérot regime and b Kondo regime both at T=30 mK. Normal states were achieved in all the cases with a magnetic field B =70 mT. Red light gray and blue dark gray arrows in b refer to two types of resonance peaks, which have one magnitude difference in ICM with similar Kondo temperature TK. See text for more details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-excess-current-iex-of-one-kondo-resonance-3kbf96pp.png FIG. 4. Color online Excess current Iex of one Kondo resonance with TK=14 K at T=90 mK versus a transmission coefficient =GN /g0=GN / 2e2 /h and b measured critical current ICM. The blue dark gray line in a is the theoretical curve from Eq. 2 with ̃=100 eV and red light gray line in b gives linear fit of Iex / ICM=4.3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-measured-critical-current-icm-versus-2cc2rx1a.png FIG. 3. Color online Measured critical current ICM versus scaled Kondo energy kBTK / for Kondo resonances marked by red light gray and blue dark gray arrows in Fig. 1. Peaks with zerofield splitting are denoted by blue circles, while red dots refer to nonsplit peaks in Fig. 1 b . The two solid curves are to guide the eyes. The inset shows two typical GN-Vds relations for the different kinds of conductance peaks and their Lorentzian fits. The curve for nonsplit peak has been shifted downwards by 0.3 units for clarity. https://scispace.com/papers/sit-down-at-the-ball-game-how-trade-barriers-make-the-world-4h645wvthm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-welfare-effects-of-an-indian-export-tax-on-wheat-1yoq9fp3.png Table 3.2 Welfare Effects of an Indian Export Tax on Wheat https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-sectoral-aggregations-3sg34473.png Table 2.1 Sectoral Aggregations https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-welfare-effects-of-lowering-tanzanian-import-1vv7kc1o.png Table 3.3 Welfare Effects of Lowering Tanzanian Import Tariffs on Wheat https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-effect-of-a-supply-shock-and-higher-wheat-prices-f5fumrxw.png Figure 3.1 Effect of a supply shock and higher wheat prices on welfare in a (non) liberalised world https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-welfare-effects-of-a-negative-supply-shock-on-the-3cmfe8vq.png Table 3.1 Welfare Effects of a Negative Supply Shock on the Wheat Market in Oceania https://scispace.com/papers/site-amplification-attenuation-and-scattering-from-noise-4bomne1d1o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relative-site-amplification-factors-at-a-0-67-hz-b-295h1phd.png Figure 4. Relative site amplification factors at (a) 0.67 Hz, (b) 1.0 Hz, and (c) 2.0 Hz. Shown below each amplification map is the (d–f ) phase velocity map from Lin et al. [2013] which has the closest matching sensitivity kernel for the amplification map above it. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-depth-sensitivity-kernels-for-each-of-the-three-ff73kfrh.png Figure 5. Depth sensitivity kernels for each of the three relative site amplification factors and the three phase velocity maps shown in Figure 4. Note that while the frequencies are different between the site amplification and phase velocity maps compared in Figure 1 (e.g., 1 Hz site amplification and 1.4 Hz phase velocity), they are selected such that they probe similar shear wave velocity structure with depth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-observations-from-ncfs-at-1-hz-maps-of-a-29m39lpe.png Figure 1. Example observations from NCFs at 1 Hz. Maps of (a) amplitude, A, and (c) phase traveltime, 𝜏 , of the incoming wavefronts, and maps of (b) amplitude, A, and (d) phase traveltime, 𝜏 , of the outgoing wavefronts. We observe a strong south-to-north trend in the amplitudes, as signal energy is strongest from near the coastline to the south (with low SNR measurments removed). Note that the amplitudes are treated such that the relative magnitudes are preserved but are normalized and effectively unitless. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-example-of-how-observed-amplifications-both-1o8guqwc.png Figure 2. (a) Example of how observed amplifications (both outgoing in blue and incoming in green) provide multiple directions of measurement for a given point, shown with a red triangle. These observations and corresponding 1𝜓 fits for (b) outgoing and (c) incoming waves treated independently. Error bars represent 1 sigma confidence intervals and are omitted where no observations were present. Differences in the vertical offsets of the 1𝜓 fits can be explained by the fact that sources are only seen on the incoming wavefronts, while the difference in magnitude may result from numerical uncertainties. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-strength-of-sources-or-scattering-measured-by-82h4xn1q.png Figure 3. Strength of sources or scattering measured by comparing the incoming and outgoing signals at 0.67 Hz, where enough measurements for both directions are present. Specifically, we subtract the outgoing measurements from the right-hand side of equation (1), for a given azimuth, from the incoming measurements, and average over available azimuths. Incoming signals are sensitive to sources/scatterers, while outgoing signals are not. https://scispace.com/papers/site-and-motion-dependent-parametric-uncertainty-of-site-2enyyzviy6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-shear-wave-velocity-vs-attenuation-q-and-density-r-fg3d3b50.png Figure 1. Shear-wave velocity (VS), attenuation (Q), and density (ρ) profiles evaluated by means of downhole array seismogram inversion at the three Strong Motion Geotechnical Array (SMGA) stations: La Cienega (top); Meloland (middle); and Obregon Park (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-strain-dependent-standard-deviation-of-normalized-3m874n31.png Figure 5. Strain-dependent standard deviation of normalized modulus (G=Gmax) and material damping (ξ) (modified from Darendeli, 2001). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-correlation-between-normalized-modulus-g-gmax-and-1g7qreoc.png Figure 6. Correlation between normalized modulus (G=Gmax) and material damping (ξ) at multiple levels of strain amplitude (γ) for the EPRI sand and EPRI clay database (Toro, 1993). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-variability-in-sa-caused-by-uncertainties-in-soil-3a4qnbel.png Figure 12. Variability in SA caused by uncertainties in soil parameters for a weak seismic excitation. (a) Rock-outcrop acceleration time history; (b) SA variability caused by VS and G=Gmax randomness; (c) SA variability caused by VS randomness; (d) SA variability caused by G=Gmax randomness; (e) normal plot of SA in (b) at period T 1:0 sec; (f) normal plot of SA in (c) at period T 0:8 sec; (g) normal plot of SA in (d) at period T 0:2 sec. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-comparison-of-sln-sa-at-convergence-caused-by-8q3nqmzr.png Figure 13. Comparison of σln SA at convergence caused by different combinations of randomized soil properties for a weak-motion excitation: the thick black line corresponds to combined uncertainties in VS andG=Gmax, and the solid and dashed gray lines correspond to uncertainties in VS or G=Gmax, correspondingly. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-strong-motion-geotechnical-array-stations-in-the-los-i4h6n1zt.png Table 1 Strong-Motion Geotechnical Array Stations in the Los Angeles Basin https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sample-realizations-of-normalized-modulus-g-gmax-11ahrm89.png Figure 8. Sample realizations of normalized modulus (G=Gmax) and material damping (ξ) curves. The solid black lines correspond to the dynamic soil properties evaluated at the La Cienega SMGA at depth 7.5 m by Anderson (2003); the gray lines correspond to sample realizations of the probability model, and the dashed black lines correspond to the physical upper and lower bounds of dynamic soil behavior as estimated by Toro (1993) for the ensemble of soil samples in the EPRI database. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-proportionality-coefficients-between-normalized-2b1bx6gr.png Figure 7. Proportionality coefficients between normalized modulus (G=Gmax) and material damping (ξ) as a function of strain, evaluated using generic soil properties from the EPRI (1993) and the Darendeli (2001) databases and site-specific geotechnical information at La Cienega SMGA (see also Fig. 6). https://scispace.com/papers/site-selectively-grown-sno2-nws-networks-on-micromembranes-4t1zzoqi9g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-hr-tem-image-of-a-monocrystalline-sno2-nw-that-d6o2ddfg.png Fig. 2. (a) HR-TEM image of a monocrystalline SnO2 NW that crystallizes in rutile phase. Inlet FFT illustrates the [101] predominant growth direction; (b) Cross-section of SnO2 NWs-based sensor. A very thin layer is observed below the NWs of a thickness between 30-80 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-evolution-of-sno2-nws-resistance-in-front-of-1latx4ji.png Fig. 4. (a) Evolution of SnO2 NWs resistance in front of different concentration of ammonia in synthetic air; (b) Response of the test represented in a) in function of temperature; (c) Arrhenius plot of the response time for pulses of 30 ppm of NH3. Symbols are experimental values and lines are the fitted exponential decay. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-response-time-of-sensor-of-nh3-pulses-of-30-ppm-in-f35v4zxs.png Fig. 6 (a) Response time of sensor of NH3 pulses of 30 ppm in dry and humid condition, represented in an Arrhenius plot. Symbols are experimental values and lines are the fitted exponential decay; (b) Activation energy obtained from response time for ammonia response in function of relative humidity, for all the concentrations studied; (c) Response in humid condition of SnO2 NWs against ammonia at 400 °C. The sensor distinguishes the concentration of ammonia in a precision of 30 ppm in realistic operational conditions, where humidity is present; (d) Comparison between the response of the sensor at 300 °C and 30% of RH from 10th and 25th day of measurements. A change of 5% in resistance baseline is obtained. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sem-general-view-of-the-micromembrane-with-pt-2dvkv86i.png Fig. 1 (a) SEM general view of the micromembrane with Pt interdigitated electrodes (IDE) on the top. Brighter area corresponds to the grown SnO2 NWs; (b) SEM image of SnO2 NWs contacting the Pt electrode (on the left side); https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-electrical-response-of-sno2-nws-to-different-ftscuvcb.png Fig. 5 (a) Electrical response of SnO2 NWs to different concentrations of water vapor in synthetic air at 400 °C; (b) Resistance of SnO2 NWs for different humidity levels at different temperature. U-shaped R-T is also obtained in humid conditions due to dissociation of molecular to atomic oxygen at a temperature of 200 °C; (c) Electrical response of SnO2 NWs in dry, 30% and 60% of relative humidity (RH at room temperature) towards different ammonia pulses in synthetic air. Three tests have been performed by keeping 400 °C constant temperature; (d) Sensor response towards 10 ppm of NH3 at different conditions. The overshoot in resistance is visible for 450 °C and RH=0% curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-resistance-of-sno2-locally-grown-nws-as-a-function-ugs6qt0p.png Fig. 3 (a) Resistance of SnO2 locally grown NWs as a function of temperature. The minimum in resistance reflects the change in the adsorbed oxygen specie; (b) Transient response of the sensor resistance in a change of temperature illustrating the increase in resistance for increasing temperatures above 200 °C. Blue line represents the evolution of temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/site-conditions-for-astronomy-at-the-south-pole-2wjmckidfl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sky-fluxes-measured-at-the-south-pole-in-summer-day-x4vmi9r7.png Figure 3. Sky fluxes measured at the South Pole in summer (day time) in N—band (8—13tm),6 Kea and Canberra in winter (night time). compared to Mauna https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-galactic-plane-at-2-4km-as-seen-by-the-irps-and-3ioe0qfe.png Figure 2. The Galactic Plane at 2.4km, as seen by the IRPS and COBE/DIRBE5 through a 4° beam. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3d2f1tlr.png Fig. 1): https://scispace.com/papers/site-selective-dissociation-upon-sulfur-l-edge-x-ray-4jf0u0bmmb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-atom-number-orbital-type-and-contribution-for-the-19b47eai.png Table 2: Atom number, orbital type and contribution for the LUMO+28. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-calculated-met-enk-h-lumo-28-and-atom-numbering-used-27hma712.png Fig. 2: Calculated [Met-enk+H] + LUMO+28 and atom numbering used in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-atom-number-orbital-type-and-contribution-for-the-20c9a3c2.png Table 1: Atom number, orbital type and contribution for the LUMO+20. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-calculated-met-enk-h-lumo-20-and-atom-numbering-used-c71lq161.png Fig. 1: Calculated [Met-enk+H] + LUMO+20 and atom numbering used in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fragment-mass-and-attribution-2b4lld86.png Table 3: Fragment mass and attribution. https://scispace.com/papers/site-specific-controller-design-for-monopile-offshore-wind-484qeuz321 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-lifetime-comparison-of-load-mitigation-strategies-y5p3uiky.png Table 4: . Lifetime comparison of load mitigation strategies with performance parameters given in percentage [%] of the baseline case. Favorable effects are indicated by green cells, and undesirable effects are indicated by red cells. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-7-lifetime-comparison-of-load-mitigation-strategies-2l62jits.png Table A.7: . Lifetime comparison of load mitigation strategies with performance parameters given in percentage [%] of the baseline control case with ηSoil = 0.8. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-8-lifetime-comparison-of-load-mitigation-strategies-2n9v3d9j.png Table A.8: . Lifetime comparison of load mitigation strategies with performance parameters given in percentage [%] of the baseline control case with ηDepth = 1.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-comparison-parameters-and-their-desired-2cremtlb.png Table 2: Performance comparison parameters and their desired trend, classified according to system components. A downward pointing arrow indicates that the desired trend is a reduction of the performance parameter, and vice versa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-radial-distribution-of-lifetime-accumulated-fatigue-37mf9igj.png Figure 5: Radial distribution of lifetime accumulated fatigue damage in the support structure 6 meters below the mudline for different combinations of design load cases (DLCs). The result of the full lifetime analysis including the directionality of the wind speed is given in the plot to the left, and the results without considering wind speed directionality (wind always from 0◦) is given in the plot to the right. The results are presented as combinations of the DLCs with, for example, DLC 1.2+6.4 denoting the results of these two load cases superimposed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-lifetime-probability-and-contribution-to-fore-aft-2mc2aq0s.png Figure 6: Lifetime probability and contribution to fore-aft and side-side fatigue damage as a function of wind/wave-misalignment ψ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-lifetime-probability-and-contribution-to-fore-aft-3s8hgvwk.png Figure 7: Lifetime probability and contribution to fore-aft and side-side fatigue damage as a function of wind speed V . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-trade-offs-between-fatigue-load-reduction-and-1ld1qfxa.png Figure 8: Trade-offs between fatigue load reduction and undesirable side-effects for the AAD and AGT controller. All the possible trade-off scenarios with different trigger criteria on wind speed are presented. The Pareto-optimal scenarios for the investigated parameters are indicated by colored spots. The results show that if wear of pitch actuators and variability of the power output is the main concern, a single activation/deactivation criterion on wind speed is Pareto-optimal. https://scispace.com/papers/site-specific-field-resistance-of-grapevine-to-plasmopara-1nq39b8w79 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-downy-mildew-susceptibility-of-grapevine-leaves-from-c2qrut4n.png Fig. 1 Downy mildew susceptibility of grapevine leaves from plants (cv. Chasselas) grown in three commercial organic vineyards in the area of Lake Neuchâtel (AUV, CON and HAU) in five successive years. At each location, leaves of twenty plants were sampled, starting with a leaf of approximately 2/3 the size of a fully grown leaf (leaf age 1), and the next four older leaves. After washing thoroughly, two leaf discs were cut from each leaf, and inoculated with P. viticola. Lesion diameters were measured 7 d post inoculation. The figures show means±SE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-of-gene-expression-levels-of-grapevine-3n88ppa1.png Fig. 3 Distribution of gene expression levels of grapevine before inoculation with P. viticola, in the ordination biplot of a redundancy analysis (RDA). Samples were labelled by site (triangles AUV, diamonds CON, circles HAU). The vectors represent the individual genes (solid vectors) and the environmental factor leaf age (dashed vector). Expression levels are relative to expression level of VvEF1-α, and the data were log-transformed https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coordinates-and-soil-properties-of-the-three-1szi8kt2.png Table 1 Coordinates and soil properties of the three vineyards in the region of Lake Neuchâtel https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variance-in-the-expression-level-of-four-2dsvk5rw.png Table 2 Variance in the expression level of four defencerelated genes before inoculation (constitutive expression level, t=0) and 8, 12, 24 and 48 h post (mock-) inoculation (p.i.) as explained by the factors site, leaf age, and inoculation type (mock- or pathogen-inoculation) determined by redundancy analysis https://scispace.com/papers/site-specific-interaction-between-zno-nanoparticles-and-2ejyrxujw9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-calculated-structural-and-electronic-properties-3tuzbp2q.png Table 1 The calculated structural and electronic properties of the isomeric configurations of the Trp–(ZnO)12 complex https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-contour-plots-of-molecular-orbitals-of-trp-zno-12-2i5i3xop.png Fig. 4 The contour plots of molecular orbitals of Trp, (ZnO)12 and Trp–(ZnO)12—salt bridge configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-total-charge-density-plot-of-the-salt-bridge-feg5vxi3.png Fig. 3 Total charge density plot of the salt bridge configuration of Trp–(ZnO)12 projected along (001) plane. A superimposed ball and stick model identifies the atoms in the complex. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-calculated-ground-state-configurations-of-zno-12-suhlfank.png Fig. 1 The calculated ground state configurations of (ZnO)12 and tryptophan (Trp). The interaction sites of tryptophan with ZnO are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-ground-state-configurations-of-trp-zno-complex-1emgj6mf.png Fig. 2 The ground state configurations of Trp–ZnO complex showing the site specific interaction of Trp with ZnO. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-density-of-states-of-trp-zno-complex-trp-and-zno-the-6kanyld4.png Fig. 5 Density of states of Trp–ZnO complex, Trp and ZnO. The zero of the energy is aligned to Fermi energy. https://scispace.com/papers/site-specific-growth-responses-to-climate-drivers-of-pinus-23pnyk6pc0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-characteristics-of-the-pine-stands-studied-mean-3um1ngua.png Table 1 Main characteristics of the pine stands studied.Mean diameter at breast height (DBH); D range of the dominant / co-dominant trees cored; mean height (H); mean ring width (MRW) and standard deviation (SD), computed on the raw tree-ring series https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-raw-and-standardised-tree-ring-chronologies-for-c5zr583t.png Fig. 2 Mean raw and standardised tree-ring chronologies for each site. The shaded areas indicate the number of trees https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-and-walter-lieth-climatic-diagrams-of-the-30dzp8ww.png Fig. 1 Location and Walter & Lieth climatic diagrams of the study sites. On top are reported the average annual temperature and the total annual rainfall and beside the left y-axis the mean maximum temperature of the warmest month and themeanminimum temperature of the coldest month. The dotted area indicates seasonal water deficit. Site codes are shown in Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-growth-rate-trends-represented-by-the-5-year-average-52op9str.png Fig. 4 Growth rate trends represented by the 5-year average of the standardised tree ring widths (a) and growth rates average±standard deviation for each site (b), during the two periods analysed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-loadings-plot-a-and-cluster-dendrogram-b-of-mean-304ns2mu.png Fig. 3 Loadings plot (a) and cluster dendrogram (b) of mean standardised site chronologies. a Axis labels report the percentage of variance explained by the first two components; each arrow corresponds to one of the analysis variables projected onto a two-dimensional plane and proportional to its component loading. b The height values on the yaxis indicate the squared Euclidean distance between variables according to the clustering algorithm, based on Ward’s method https://scispace.com/papers/site-specific-metal-chelation-facilitates-the-unveiling-of-c0fl9y8irp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-side-view-of-1-showing-hydrogen-bonding-2h6la7t4.png Figure 3. (a) Side view of 1 showing hydrogen bonding interactions between two hemispheres. (b) Side, and (c) top-down views of hydrogen bonding interactions formed between interior axial ligands in opposing hemispheres. PgC6 alkyl chains and H atoms omitted for clarity. Color code: FeII – orange, FeIII – green, Cl – yellow, N – blue, O – red, C – gray. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-arrangement-of-feii-and-feiii-ions-on-the-framework-3eda77py.png Figure 2. Arrangement of FeII and FeIII ions on the framework of 1. (a) Two [Fe3O3] units connected through a bridging FeII ion (Fe7), and (b) arrangement of FeII ions along the metal-organic hemispheres. PgC6 alkyl chains and H atoms omitted for clarity. Color code: FeII – orange, FeIII – green, Cl – yellow, O – red, C – gray. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-side-view-of-cuii-seamed-monc-which-represents-2ddg2ygo.png Figure 1. (a) Side view of CuII-seamed MONC, which represents the metal-ligand arrangement of a typical hexameric MONC, showing 24 coordination sites between constituent PgC sub-units. The CuII ions coordinate with PgC units in such a way to form 8 [Cu3O3] units that cover facets of the MONC. (b) Symmetry expanded single crystal X-ray structure of 1 which is assembled through 32 Fe ions. The additional 8 Fe centers are coordinated such that to bridge / connect neighboring [Fe3O3] units. PgC alkyl chains and H atoms omitted for clarity. Color code: CuII – azure, FeII – orange, FeIII – green, Cl – yellow, O – red, C – gray. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cyclic-voltammogram-of-1-in-ch3cn-0-1m-teap-g0t8xphu.png Figure 4. Cyclic voltammogram of 1 in CH3CN (0.1M TEAP supporting electrolyte, platinum disk working electrode, platinum wire auxiliary electrode) under argon at 100 mV/s, with three successive scans. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plot-of-the-khmt-product-versus-t-for-compound-1-orlc1yih.png Figure 5. Plot of the χMT product versus T for compound 1. Inset: plot of 1/χM versus T. The solid line is a fit of the data to the CurieWeiss Law. https://scispace.com/papers/sites-of-azaserine-inhibition-during-photosynthesis-by-4an5qo6npz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-poss-ib-le-s-i-t-e-s-of-a-z-a-s-e-r-i-n-e-inhibition-2fy3jai5.png Fig . 1. Poss ib le s i t e s of a z a s e r i n e inhibition. https://scispace.com/papers/six-avenues-for-engendering-creative-environmentalism-171cptabyj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-gender-and-environment-terms-connected-with-artistic-3gyaodf7.png Fig. 3. Gender and environment terms connected with artistic forms used in environmental action. Colour code: types of artistic media (yellow nodes), environment terms (green nodes), gender-related terms (orange nodes). Only ties with 5 or more interconnections are represented (see Section 2); thicker lines represent more frequently related nodes. Size of nodes indicates frequency of the term in the literature reviewed. The grey hexagons indicate the six strands described in the text (Sections 3.2.(1)-(6)). Source: Own analysis using data from 168 papers in Gephi 0.9.1 (Distribution: Radial Axis layout based on modularity classes, nodes grouped by type of node, ascending order within types edited manually). Note the strong connections between “women” and “artist” and “women” and “activist”. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-photograph-of-pastoralist-women-displaced-by-drought-i3esd45u.png Fig. 4. Photograph of pastoralist women displaced by drought in Ethiopia reported by The Guardian (2020). Photo credit: Mulugeta Ayene/AP. Reproduced with permission 10/20/2020. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-image-of-the-lady-in-red-helped-activists-to-frame-1qn73s6s.png Fig. 8. The image of the “Lady in Red” helped activists to frame and communicate the many facets behind the Gezi Park protests in Istanbul in 2013 (McLeod, 2016). Photo credit Osman Orsal/Reuters. Reproduced with permission 10/26/2020. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-message-clothing-used-in-urban-anti-nuclear-protests-1t8ei1kn.png Fig. 9. Message clothing used in urban anti-nuclear protests in Koenji, Japan, after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (Aonuma, 2019). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-search-process-inclusion-criteria-and-analytic-process-215394xe.png Fig. 1. Search process, inclusion criteria and analytic process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-still-frame-from-the-video-poem-rise-from-one-island-2j7qc2ff.png Fig. 5. Still frame from the video poem “Rise: From One Island to Another” (2018), reported in Faris (2019). Photo credit: 350.org, Kathy Jetnil-Kijiner and Aka Niviana and Dan Lin. Reproduced with permission 11/18/2020. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-panel-from-the-exhibition-living-concrete-carrot-city-2e1n1pjq.png Fig. 6. Panel from the exhibition “Living Concrete/Carrot City”, engaging university students in the connection between urban design and food systems (Cohen and Subramaniam, 2012). Reproduced with permission 11/05/2020. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-landing-page-of-the-organization-youth-vs-apocalypse-a-jj1hdspy.png Fig. 7. Landing page of the organization ‘Youth vs Apocalypse’, a climate justice network originated after struggle against the construction of a coal export terminal in West Oakland, California. Music and performance are essential parts of their activist practices. Source: http://youthvsapocalypse.org/. Photo: Tim Webb. Reproduced with permission 10/30/2020. https://scispace.com/papers/sivers-effect-in-two-hadron-electroproduction-3xszjsce9x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-the-leading-order-diagram-for-two-hadron-3n2p4bgx.png FIG. 1 (color). The leading order diagram for two-hadron production in the current fragmentation region of SIDIS. https://scispace.com/papers/six-dimensional-calculation-of-the-vibrational-spectrum-of-2ugrnlaes7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-expansion-of-the-normal-modes-in-terms-of-the-dpw939fj.png TABLE III. Expansion of the normal modes in terms of the reduced Jacobi coordinates@Eqs.~12! and ~13!#. These coefficients, calculated above for the YK surface, are very similar for the WW one. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-convergence-of-the-energy-levels-in-cm21-with-glzttp5v.png TABLE IV. Convergence of the energy levels~in cm21! with respect to the cutoff Ecut used during the construction of the APS basis set.NAPS indicates the size of the basis,EAPS, andDEAPS the resulting energy and excitatio energy, respectively.EDVR makes reference to values obtained using same primitive DVR basis set by means of a Lanczos scheme.uDEAPS2 .DEDVRu gives the APS error on the excitation energy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-examples-of-screening-of-the-waiting-list-during-the-1n0yfiao.png TABLE V. Examples of screening of the waiting list during the labelin procedure. The first example corresponds to a case where the energyEN of the state to be assigned exactly matches the predicted valueEsp(n) of one of the states in the waiting list. The mismatch in energy of the second exa is corrected for by theh factor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-harmonic-frequencies-computed-on-the-29pvpp0k.png TABLE I. Comparison of harmonic frequencies computed on the two tential surfaces with experiments, values being given in cm21. The experimental values reported here correspond to transition frequencies as sured in the experiments. For each mode, an analysis in terms o principal motion is given. https://scispace.com/papers/six-dimensional-superconformal-theories-and-their-3tyettztrv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-in-a-a-sketch-of-the-internal-m3-in-the-19b41i2h.png FIG. 2 (color online). In (a), a sketch of the internal M3 in the solution with two D8 stacks, represented by two “creases.” In (b), the corresponding brane configuration. The vertical lines represent the D8-branes; each stack has n0 ¼ 2 branes with jμj ¼ 3. https://scispace.com/papers/six-solutions-for-more-reliable-infant-research-2h92euclhi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definition-of-key-terms-1kvf53ff.png Table 1: Definition of key terms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-true-and-observed-scores-for-four-synthetic-1h6y59d7.png Figure 1: True and observed scores for four synthetic datasets, under conditions of high/low true variability, and large/small measurement error. N = 50 points are plotted to illustrate. Expected means, standard deviations (sd), observed Cohen’s d, and https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relationship-between-measurement-reliability-true-1yy13mfl.png Table 3. Relationship between measurement reliability, true correlation between two variables, observable correlation, and sample size necessary to achieve 80% power (alpha = .05). These values can also be calculated using the formula in Footnote 2. https://scispace.com/papers/six-year-follow-up-of-forty-five-pregnant-opiate-addicts-4tkccs5dj3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-current-status-n-45-1qtpye55.png TABLE II CURRENT STATUS N = 45 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-current-form-of-contraception-or-at-time-of-death-3m3q2aqb.png TABLE IV CURRENT FORM OF CONTRACEPTION OR AT TIME OF DEATH https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-children-3bqf2xv0.png TABLE V CHILDREN https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-whereabouts-of-children-n-44-one-child-miscarriaged-2wj1h4z5.png TABLE VI WHEREABOUTS OF CHILDREN n = 44 (one child miscarriaged) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-hiv-status-1aeuzgiq.png TABLE III HIV STATUS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-2ib4vbqi.png TABLE I RESULTS https://scispace.com/papers/sixty-kev-d-sup-beams-using-double-charge-exchange-system-18bl1gocfx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cesium-charge-exchange-system-2b9wcepj.png Fig. 5. Cesium charge-exchange system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-measurements-by-faraday-cup-of-the-1-kev-d-current-a-p-3vvursd7.png Fig. 8. Measurements by Faraday cup of the 1 keV D" current, (a) p = 4 x 10~ 5 Torr of D2» 5 = 2- 3 nVcm 2, t » u ? s o = 10 ns; (b) p = 3 x 10-6 Torr, j = 0.75 mA/cnZ, tpulse = 10 ms; (c) Case b, 5 vs/div.; (d) Case b, 0.2 us/div. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sciies-atic-of-t-ne-dt-experiment-2amjquyi.png Fig. 1 SciiEs-atic of t'ne DT experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-beam-profiles-at-end-of-diagnostic-tank-as-measured-14dbqvkp.png Fig. 10. Beam profiles at end of diagnostic tank, as measured by a Faraday cup. Solid dots: D- current. Open dots: D" plus electron current. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-current-vs-center-voltage-in-the-1-kv-source-1xwtyvtb.png Fig. 3. ' Current vs center voltage in the 1 kV source.- Electrical breakdown occur red for larger currents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-calculations-of-electric-potential-and-particle-rlwvq0pp.png Fig. 2. Calculations of electric potential and particle trajectories in low voltage sources. The plasna emitter is to the left, the downstream electrode is at ground, and t:ie eoit'^r electrode is at 1 kV. (a) Ycenter = I*- 5 k » « J * 0.5A/cmZ; (b) VCenter * 11-OJtV. j « 0.37A/a^;(c) V c enter • 15 kV, i • O.SA/cm2. -.2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-cesium-passes-fron-sn-o-en-through-a-pulsed-valve-3im5y2z4.png Fig. 5. Cesium charge-exchange system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-detail-of-the-cesium-jet-18t7esdd.png Fig. 6. Detail of the cesium jet https://scispace.com/papers/size-albedo-and-taxonomic-type-of-potential-spacecraft-1kmqwm3myw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-photometry-of-1989-ml-with-spectra-of-1bwsbezx.png Figure 2: Comparison of photometry of 1989 ML with spectra of (44) Nysa. Square symbols represent optical colors given in this paper; circles represent the optical and near-infrared data reported by Hiroi et al. (2000). The continuous line covering 0.4 – 1.0 micron is the spectrum of (44) Nysa from the SMASS II dataset by Bus and Binzel (2003). The three continuous lines extending from 0.9 to 2.5 microns are individual spectra of (44) Nysa from the 52-color asteroid survey (Bell et al., 1995). Optical data were normalized to a wavelength of 0.55 µm. The near-infrared spectra were scaled to match the optical spectrum near 0.95 µm. https://scispace.com/papers/size-and-composition-analyses-of-colloids-in-deep-granitic-4z30y836de 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-illustration-of-the-microfiltration-h9tpdoer.png Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of the microfiltration/ultrafiltration apparatus https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-representative-sem-images-of-inorganic-colloids-in-the-2svpdyai.png Fig. 5. Representative SEM images of inorganic colloids in the groundwater https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relative-ree-concentrations-in-the-filtered-9q9cm0u0.png Fig. 4. Relative REE concentrations in the filtered groundwater samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-concentrations-of-total-fe-in-filtered-3vtwwv70.png Table 1 Average concentrations of total Fe in filtered groundwater. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ftir-spectra-of-the-reference-humic-acid-and-organic-3pm6nkb5.png Fig. 7. FTIR spectra of the reference humic acid and organic colloids in the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-concentrations-of-rees-in-the-groundwater-samples-1snoe6yu.png Fig. 3. Concentrations of REEs in the groundwater samples collected from all https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-b-representative-sem-images-and-edx-spectra-of-1rjai4cp.png Fig. 6(b). Representative SEM images and EDX spectra of inorganic colloids in https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relative-ree-concentrations-in-the-filtered-3bb04483.png Fig. 2. Relative REE concentrations in the filtered groundwater samples at https://scispace.com/papers/size-and-genotype-affect-resistance-to-mortality-caused-by-3s5bxu18gn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relation-between-age-a-or-individual-weight-b-and-1kx7h4fi.png Fig. 3. Relation between age (a) or individual weight (b) and mortality due to OsHV-1 in the R, S and C groups. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-seawater-temperature-degc-over-the-two-weeks-post-1a1gme1z.png Fig. 2. Mean seawater temperature (°C) over the two weeks post-deployment and the two weeks before mortality for each cohort and each deployment (a), mean individual weight at deployment and at mortality (b), and age at deployment and at mortality (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-seawater-temperature-degc-from-july-2009-to-july-2012-1171en7l.png Fig. 1. Seawater temperature (°C) from July 2009 to July 2012. The horizontal line represents the threshold of 16°C beyond which mortality was observed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pearson-correlations-r-and-regression-equations-per-1bcit9vi.png Table 2: Pearson correlations (r) and regression equations per genotype (* P < 0.001) https://scispace.com/papers/size-and-structure-of-disaster-relief-when-state-capacity-is-4qlhimhti0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-absolute-and-relative-tax-relief-vs-dryness-wetness-woygw0xf.png Figure 2: ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE TAX RELIEF VS DRYNESS/WETNESS INDEX https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-land-tax-and-land-tax-reductions-in-1823-in-tael-of-ets1mudk.png Table 2: LAND TAX AND LAND TAX REDUCTIONS IN 1823 (in tael of silver) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-total-relief-payments-in-china-1823-in-tael-of-1550ke47.png Table 3: TOTAL RELIEF PAYMENTS IN CHINA 1823 (in tael of silver) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-disaster-spending-in-britain-1845-49-annual-average-261x6yyq.png Table 4: DISASTER SPENDING IN BRITAIN (1845-49, annual average), CHINA (1823), AND PRUSSIA’S RHINE PROVINCE (1816-17). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-absolute-and-relative-tax-relief-vs-share-of-ovsu2nr2.png Figure 1: ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE TAX RELIEF VS SHARE OF FLOODED COUNTIES https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-grain-price-behaviour-during-and-after-the-1823-1mrudf26.png Table 1: GRAIN PRICE BEHAVIOUR DURING AND AFTER THE 1823 FLOOD https://scispace.com/papers/size-dependent-excitongfactor-in-self-assembled-inas-inp-39g8bjc2cu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-the-exciton-g-factor-as-function-of-the-22k9e74j.png FIG. 6. Color online The exciton g factor as function of the diamagnetic coefficient for different emission energies E0. There is a strong correlation between d and gex. The filled red symbols correspond to the emission range indicated in separate graphs. These emission intervals correspond to the discrete peaks P1– P6 in the macro-PL spectrum and thus to dots of different height. The lowest dots which have a smallest lateral size have the most negative exciton g factor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-a-contour-plot-of-the-magnetoluminescence-3vxgwdo0.png FIG. 7. Color online a Contour plot of the magnetoluminescence of a dot showing an anisotropy splitting of Eas=160 eV at B=0 T. The blue white color corresponds to low high PL intensity. The peak positions used in the fitting procedure are indicated with the circles and are fitted by the lines using Eq. 1 . For this particular dot gex= −1.00 0.09 and d= 7.1 0.2 eV /T2. b The anisotropy splitting Eas of in total 24 quantum dots as a function of their emission energy E0. The filled empty circles indicate dots having a small large diamagnetic coefficient. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-pl-spectra-of-a-large-ensemble-of-quantum-2z43vfl4.png FIG. 1. Color online PL spectra of a large ensemble of quantum dots measured at different temperatures. A multiple peak structure is observed consisting of nine peaks. The peak positions at T =4.5 K are indicated by the dotted lines. We attribute the multiple peak structure to the multimodal height distribution of the dots. Quantum dots having the smallest height have luminescence around peak P1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-x-stm-characterization-of-inas-inp-1hbwjkbe.png FIG. 2. Color online X-STM characterization of InAs/InP quantum dots of a 3 BL 6 1 ML , 5 BL 10 1 ML , and b 4 BL 8 1 ML heights. The bright contrast corresponds to InAs, whereas the dark contrast corresponds to GaAs. The distribution of the different heights of the dots is given in c . The inset of a shows the typical disk shape of our dots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-the-exciton-g-factor-as-function-of-the-397eq0en.png FIG. 4. Color online The exciton g factor as function of the emission energy E0 for 164 quantum dots. A sign change of gex is observed for dots emitting at low energies. The quantum dots having a small height have a more negative g factor as compared to dots having a large height. Moreover dots having both a small height and a small diamagnetic coefficient d filled blue stars , i.e., small lateral size, have the largest negative g factor. The colors represent different intervals of d, and correspond to the colors as shown in the histogram in Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pl-of-three-individual-quantum-dots-showing-from-left-5aoiwn01.png FIG. 3. PL of three individual quantum dots showing from left to right a positive exciton g factor, a quenched g factor, and a negative g factor. The spectra are shown for magnetic fields of 0, 5, and 10 T in the Faraday configuration. The polarization was determined with a quarter lambda plate and a linear polarizer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-the-diamagnetic-coefficient-as-function-15hxroct.png FIG. 5. Color online The diamagnetic coefficient as function of the emission energy. There is only a weak correlation between the diamagnetic coefficient and the emission energy. The inset shows the histogram of the different values of d. Blue corresponds to small values of d, white to the average values of d, and red hatched to the large values of d. https://scispace.com/papers/size-independent-cylindrical-resonator-half-filled-with-dng-3pk04qr5ze 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dng-and-dps-half-spaces-with-line-sources-j0-and-j1-3ki52hcg.png Fig. 2. DNG and DPS half spaces with line sources J0 and J1 respectively located at S and S1 and with intensity I and −I . The arrows show the direction of the phase velocity. Local coordinate systems (R0,Φ0) and (R1,Φ1) are introduced for each line source. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-vector-plots-of-ht-for-the-circular-resonator-half-3qv7j5ek.png Fig. 4. Vector plots of Ht for the circular resonator half filled with DNG and excitation I = 1A, ρo = 0.7a, ϕo = 5π/8 with ka = 4.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-contour-plots-of-the-amplitudes-of-ez-for-i-1a-ro-0-7a-9yvgvfqr.png Fig. 3. Contour plots of the amplitudes of Ez for I = 1A, ρo = 0.7a, ϕo = 5π/8. Plots (a),(c) and (e) are for a resonator filled with DPS material. Plots (b),(d) and (f) are for the resonator half-filled with DNG material. Plots (a),(b) are for ka = 1; plots (c) and (d) are for ka = 4.5; plots (e) and (f) are for ka = 8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cross-section-of-the-resonator-the-electric-line-dn67z2cp.png Fig. 1. Cross section of the resonator. The electric line source is located at (ρ0, ϕ0) inside the DPS region. https://scispace.com/papers/size-estimation-of-tomato-fruits-based-on-spectroscopic-3f09bf3dha 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-of-best-pls-models-built-individually-f0gfi06l.png Table 2. Performance of best PLS models built individually for cultivars 1, 2, 3 and for mixed spectra collected from across the whole growing stages https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-statistics-of-tomato-fruits-1m79ydfj.png Table 1. Sample statistics of tomato fruits https://scispace.com/papers/size-resolved-particulate-matter-composition-in-beijing-4gtwiev43s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tsp-elements-categorized-by-source-for-all-event-20clb9zv.png Table 1. TSP Elements Categorized by Source for All Event Types Based on Enrichment Factors https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pm2-5-elements-categorized-by-source-for-all-event-3m2xcuzv.png Table 2. PM2.5 Elements Categorized by Source for All Event Types Based on Cluster Analysis and Enrichment Factorsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-map-of-eastern-china-and-mongolia-beijing-china-1m6kn19v.png Figure 1. (a) Map of eastern China and Mongolia. Beijing, China, is labeled and desert regions are shaded. The 24-hour back trajectories for each hour during 1 April 2001 are overlaid on the map. (b) Map of Beijing, China, with the sampling site, Peking University, and the major industrial source, Capitol Steel Mill, indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dust-storm-ds-urban-pollution-urb-and-industrial-1zmkqge5.png Figure 3. Dust storm (DS), urban pollution (URB), and industrial pollution (IND) profiles for TSP in Beijing for (a) bulk species as a percent of TSP mass, (b) elements with oxides as a percent of TSP elements with oxides, (c) minor elements with oxides as a percent of TSP elements with oxides, and (d) trace elements as a percent of TSP elements with oxides. Elem Ox in the legend is an abbreviation for elements with oxides. Concentrations of Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, and Fe are shown in terms of oxide concentrations. Minor elements include P, Ti, Mn Cu, Zn, Sb, Ba, Pb and trace elements. Trace elements include V, Cr, As, Rb, Cd, Cs and Ce. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-normalized-size-distributions-of-ti-fe-zn-as-rb-and-3g09is2g.png Figure 5. Normalized size distributions of Ti, Fe, Zn, As, Rb and Ba for (a) the dust storm profile, (b) the urban pollution profile, and (c) the industrial pollution profile. Within each profile, the elements with no shading cluster together as soil elements and elements with black shading cluster together as anthropogenic elements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dust-storm-ds-urban-pollution-urb-and-industrial-34930zam.png Figure 4. Dust storm (DS), urban pollution (URB), and industrial pollution (IND) profiles for PM2.5 in Beijing for (a) bulk species as a percent of PM2.5 mass, (b) elements with oxides as a percent of PM2.5 elements with oxides, (c) minor elements with oxides as a percent of PM2.5 elements with oxides, and (d) trace elements as a percent of PM2.5 elements with oxides. Elem Ox in the legend is an abbreviation for elements with oxides. Concentrations of Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, and Fe are shown in terms of oxide concentrations. Minor elements include P, Ti, Mn Cu, Zn, Sb, Ba, Pb and trace elements. Trace elements include V, Cr, As, Rb, Cd, Cs and Ce. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-species-concentrations-of-a-tsp-and-b-pm2-5-in-2xest7c3.png Figure 2. Species concentrations of (a) TSP and (b) PM2.5 in Beijing, China, during spring of 2001. Elements with oxides include the concentration of Al2O3, SiO2, K2O, CaO, TiO2, Mn2O7, Fe2O3, Na, Mg, V, Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sb, Cs, Ce, and Pb. Dust storm, urban pollution, and industrial pollution labels indicate sampling events used in profiles discussed in section 3.2. https://scispace.com/papers/size-selective-breaking-of-the-core-shell-structure-of-2zkas2ogar 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-from-the-fit-of-the-xps-measurement-of-the-as-2rdnsc8h.png Table 1. Data from the fit of the XPS measurement of the as-deposited sample corresponding with a 3d metallic doublet and three 3d oxides doublets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-gixrd-measurements-of-the-340-mg-of-ga-samples-1cqqb2kq.png Figure 6. a) GIXRD measurements of the 340 mg of Ga samples oxidized at different temperatures. Dot points indicate the crystal lattice of -Ga2O3. b) CL measurements of the same samples. The inset represents de EDX measurements with the Ga-L peak intensity over O-K peak intensity as a function of the annealing temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-xps-spectra-of-the-3d-level-of-ga-for-the-as-2navqitw.png Figure 2. (a) XPS spectra of the 3d level of Ga for the as-deposited sample with a fit of a Ga metallic doublet, 3 Ga-O different doublets and a oxygen singlet. Suboxide 1,2 and oxide refers to Ga2O, GaO and Ga2O3, respectively. The experimental spectra of the 60º take-off is also presented. (b) Same scenario than (a) but for the sample oxidized at 300 ºC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sem-image-of-the-sample-with-340-mg-of-ga-oxidized-219scsml.png Figure 5. SEM image of the sample with 340 mg of Ga oxidized at a) 450 ºC, b) 600 ºC and c) 900 ºC. d) Sketch of the rupture mechanism with a volcano-like behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-se-measurements-of-the-sample-with-np-average-3g8hujsx.png Figure 4. a) SE measurements of the sample with NP average radius of 11 nm oxidized at a) different temperatures for15 min b) different times at 700 ºC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-skecth-of-an-isolated-np-on-a-sio2-si-substrate-of-1w4j3flb.png Figure 1. Skecth of an isolated NP on a SiO2-Si substrate of the a) as-deposited sample and b) 300 ºC oxidized sample. AFM images of the a) as-deposited sample and b) 300 ºC oxidized sample. The location of the different dips are marked by dashed squares in d). The insets correspond to the simultaneous KPFM images taken on the same area. The vertical scales correspond to the contact potential difference signal. d) Histogram of the size distribution of the as-deposited sample with the corresponding gaussian fits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-maximum-plasmon-resonance-wavelength-by-se-as-a-azpjyse1.png Figure 7. a) Maximum plasmon resonance wavelength by SE as a function of oxidation time for the sample of 340 mg oxidized at different temperatures. b) Same plot with samples of different NP radius oxidized at a fixed temperature of 400 ºC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sem-image-of-the-sample-with-np-radius-of-30-nm-1rcb0xzi.png Figure 3. SEM image of the sample with NP radius of 30 nm oxidized during 15 min at a) 600 ºC and b) 700 ºC. c) Core-shell breaking temperature as a function of the NP radius and Ga mass. https://scispace.com/papers/skeletal-chemical-kinetics-mechanisms-for-plasma-assisted-4tijq9vee6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-principal-component-loadings-for-the-reduced-air-yxjj5mlv.png Figure 10: Principal component loadings for the reduced air model at 800 K and 0.5 atm. PARETO scaling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-normalized-eigenvalues-against-the-principal-3iml5efm.png Figure 9: Normalized eigenvalues against the principal component index for various scaling methods. Air model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-normalized-eigenvalues-against-the-principal-1swgdui7.png Figure 4: Normalized eigenvalues against the principal component index for various scaling methods. Argon test case. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-species-removed-in-the-86-species-skeletal-mechanism-16734vqa.png Table 4: Species removed in the 86-species skeletal mechanism. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-time-evolution-of-the-first-8-principal-components-1zxblosh.png Figure 8: Time evolution of the first 8 principal components. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-4-scaling-methods-for-the-6t7tyq4i.png Figure 2: Comparison of 4 scaling methods for the reconstruction of the species molar concentrations. R2 error in function of the number of principal components q. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-time-evolution-of-the-electron-temperature-and-lmhppidw.png Figure 12: Time evolution of the electron temperature and radicals using the extrapolated PCA model. Air model. 800 K, 0.5 atm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-principal-component-loadings-for-the-reduced-argon-37x4dw22.png Figure 5: Principal component loadings for the reduced argon test case at 750 K and 1 atm. PARETO scaling. https://scispace.com/papers/skeletal-morphology-and-maturation-of-male-gambusia-gcpglpxu7k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-percentage-contribution-to-male-populations-at-a-st-ib04i0ki.png Fig. 4. Percentage contribution to male populations at (a) St. Marys and (b) Quakers Hill by adult (indicated by the presence of a terminal complex of hooks) and juvenile (absence of hooks) males. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-adjusted-mean-and-standard-error-values-for-a-15d-and-3c4iupyu.png Fig. 5. Adjusted mean and standard error values for (a) 15D and (b) 14D of adult males and (c) 15P, (d) 16D, (e) 15D, and (f) 14D of juvenile males collected at Quakers Hill. Means for adult and juvenile males are adjusted to standardised standard lengths (SL) of 21.46 and 18.74 mm, respectively. Sites with different letters are significantly (Po0.05) different. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-locations-of-sample-sites-within-the-hawkesbury-nepean-28kic2aa.png Fig. 2. Locations of sample sites within the Hawkesbury-Nepean River System, NSW. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-adjusted-mean-and-standard-error-values-for-a-16l-and-2kcdp72e.png Fig. 3. Adjusted mean and standard error values for (a) 16L and (b) 16P of adult males and (c) 16L, and (d) 16P of juvenile males collected at St. Marys. Means for adult and juvenile males adjusted to standardised standard lengths (SL) of 21.03 and 18.57 mm, respectively. Sites with different letters are significantly (Po0.05) different. https://scispace.com/papers/skeletal-stem-cell-and-bone-implant-interactions-are-pk7cwfek52 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-human-osteogenic-gene-primer-sequences-used-for-rt-30docytm.png Table 1 Human osteogenic gene primer sequences used for RT-PCR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hssc1-gene-expression-of-osteogenic-markers-alp-6-2zathfr9.png Fig. 4. hSSC1 gene expression of osteogenic markers (ALP,6 RUNX2, COL1A1, OCN, OPN) and chondrogenic marker (SOX9) following culture for 10 days in basal and osteogenic conditions, on machined surface and LASER Ti surfaces (b-actin ¼ internal control). Values are mean ± SD of 4 independent samples, *p < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sem-micrographs-of-hsscs1-adherence-and-morphology-10-14l3kv82.png Fig. 3. SEM: micrographs of hSSCs1 adherence and morphology (10 days) on Mb2 (A,E and I), Lb4 (B,F and J), Mo3 (C,G and K) and Lo5 (D,H and L). AeD scale bar ¼ 50 mm, EeH scale bar ¼ 20 mm and IeL scale bar ¼ 5 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-biochemical-analysis-dna-alp6-and-specific-activity-1ij3giu6.png Fig. 1. Biochemical analysis (DNA, ALP6 and Specific Activity ALP6/DNA) of hSSCs1 on Ti discs (10 days). Error bars denote Standard Deviation. *p < 0.05. AeD Immunofluorescence (cell tracker green e inverted microscope 20X magnification, scale bar ¼ 100 mm) of hSSCs1 (10 days) on Mb,2 Lb,4 Mo3 and Lo.5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-confocal-images-cytoskeletal-structure-hsscs1-10-days-3pt8mht5.png Fig. 2. Confocal images: cytoskeletal structure hSSCs1 (10 days) on Mb2 (A,E,I), Lb4 (B,F,J), Mo3 (C,G,K) and Lo5 (D,H,L). Red: actin. Blue: nucleus. Green: vinculin. Cell focal adhesion (arrows). Scale bar ¼ 50 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/skeltre-robust-skeleton-extraction-from-imperfect-point-zu6ry4xk69 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-point-cloud-of-a-tree-b-derived-skeleton-with-color-n6dfmkh9.png Fig. 5 (a) Point cloud of a tree (b) derived skeleton with color labeled direction labels and a zoom into the skeleton (c) each color corresponds to a subset of the point cloud associated to one contour and belonging to one vertex in the skeleton graph and a zoom into the level sets https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-example-of-the-collapsing-procedure-1554nklc.png Fig. 14 Example of the collapsing procedure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-example-of-an-embedding-a-shows-a-graph-before-33tli5ns.png Fig. 13 Example of an embedding. (a) Shows a graph before merging is applied to v1 and v2 and (b) the graph with the new vertex vnew https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-3-test-objects-first-row-shows-the-raw-point-cloud-hzr0cv0e.png Fig. 17 3 test objects. First row shows the raw point cloud. The second row shows the skeleton colored by with direction labels. All negative ends are labeled red. The directions Up/Left/Front are colored with yellow/blue/green. The third row shows the distances to the skeleton according to the color scheme given on the bottom of the figure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-dominant-direction-in-vk-a-the-minimal-3axu7bzx.png Fig. 6 The dominant direction in vk . (a) The minimal configuration. (b) A merge of vi and vk without taking the norm value into account resulting in a changed dominant direction (c) the merge of vj and vk preserving the dominant direction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-first-row-shows-the-raw-point-cloud-the-second-row-jdoqvx3w.png Fig. 16 First row shows the raw point cloud. The second row shows the skeleton colored by direction labels. All negative ends are labeled red. The directions Up/Left/Front are colored with yellow/blue/green. The third row shows the distances to the skeleton according to the color scheme given on the bottom of the figure (red indicates more than 10 cm for the Simple Tree and the Apple Tree and more than 100 cm for the Tulip Tree). The black point cloud part belonging to the Simple Tree shows strong undersampling due to occlusions. The tree in the second column is an orchard cherry tree with small blossoms, which can be recognized as noise. The third tree is a huge Tulip tree of 11,5 meters height with leafs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-left-amount-of-vertices-per-dimension-after-every-3mm7tu7m.png Fig. 15 (Left) amount of vertices per dimension after every processed vertex dimension. (Right) The red graph shows the vertices belonging to the intermediate skeleton and the black graph the number of merged vertices after every processed vertex dimension https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-vertices-are-circular-the-v-pair-and-its-merging-25k0zf0m.png Fig. 8 The vertices are circular. The V-Pair and its merging are indicated in green. The dotted lines denote the cell sides and the labels are shown along the black edges. Not here that the position of vdim(vi ⊕ vj ) is chosen arbitrarily. (a) Example of a V-Pair configuration and (b) a merging result of the V-Pair in (a) https://scispace.com/papers/skew-circuits-of-small-width-1w89etkspa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-permutation-branching-program-of-width-5-2yix91hv.png Figure 2: A Permutation branching program of width 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-width-3-skew-circuits-for-dnfs-3sgyt1y2.png Figure 3: Width 3 skew circuits for DNFs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-width-2-bp-computing-parity-of-n-bits-3kl47kls.png Figure 1: A width 2 BP computing Parity of n bits https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-width-4-skew-circuit-for-parity-37qs0quv.png Figure 5: Width-4 skew circuit for Parity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-width-3-skew-circuits-for-cnfs-3bnxze94.png Figure 4: Width 3 skew circuits for CNFs https://scispace.com/papers/skill-and-luck-in-private-equity-performance-4b77lv6qsg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-estimates-of-signal-to-noise-ratio-the-figure-depicts-311zze23.png Fig. 4. Estimates of signal-to-noise ratio. The figure depicts posterior distribution of the signal-to-noise ratio, sγ , by fund type, from the specifications reported in Table 4. The solid line is the kernel plot for Specification I (without vintage year fixed effects), and the striped line is the kernel plot for Specification II in Table 4 (with vintage year fixed effects). VC = venture capital; BO = buyout. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-this-figure-depicts-histograms-of-the-number-of-funds-vcaiprpz.png Fig. 1. This figure depicts histograms of the number of funds per firm, by fund type [VC (venture capital), BO (buyout), and Other]. For firms that manage different types of funds, the histograms count only the number of funds of the particular type indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-investable-persistence-this-figure-shows-the-expected-ehufufhh.png Fig. 6. Investable persistence. This figure shows the expected (true) gamma of investing in funds raised by private equity firms with top quartile performance as observed after a given number of realized fund returns for each firm (“fund history”). Calculations are based on 100,000 simulations of a panel of fund histories for one hundred firms, using the parameter estimates from Table 4 Specification II (with vintage year fixed effects). VC = venture capital; BO = buyout. https://scispace.com/papers/skewit-skew-index-test-for-detecting-mis-assembled-bacterial-gsv6cyb82p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-skewi-values-for-the-12-bacterial-genera-jvbg7b5t.png Table 1 Average SkewI values for the 12 bacterial genera with the largest number of complete genomes. The threshold was set at 2 standard deviations below the mean. https://scispace.com/papers/skill-biased-technical-change-in-us-manufacturing-a-general-1erhrvi32z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-skill-biased-technical-change-by-industry-2d3na8ji.png Table 5: Skill-Biased Technical Change by Industry https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-factor-demand-system-parameter-estimates-hxxx3xyd.png Table 1: Factor Demand System Parameter Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-skill-biased-technical-change-selected-years-1tt8xs26.png Table 4: Skill-Biased Technical Change (selected years) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-proposed-sources-of-skill-biased-technical-change-3p5qfcry.png Table 6: Proposed Sources of Skill-Biased Technical Change https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relative-share-estimates-1hvcwof2.png Table 3: Relative Share Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-decomposition-of-relative-share-changes-3evqvw4f.png Table 7: Decomposition of Relative Share Changes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-labor-demand-elasticities-g4974doa.png Table 2: Labor Demand Elasticities https://scispace.com/papers/skill-premia-and-intergenerational-skill-transmission-the-4n1qninweq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-sample-1s6skzsl.png Table 1. The Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-decomposition-of-the-family-impact-24u3io5b.png Table 6: Decomposition of the family impact https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-explanatory-variables-in-the-wage-equation-except-3a5miw43.png Table 3. Explanatory variables in the wage equation (except the skill levels) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-skill-premia-2ztjck9v.png Table 4. The skill premia https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-structure-of-the-educational-system-2lancpam.png Figure 1. The structure of the educational system https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-education-levels-and-their-weight-3ot85sij.png Table 2: The education levels and their weight (%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-skill-premia-sp1-fig-3-the-skill-premia-bac-sp3-ik0wqh4m.png Figure 2. The skill premia (SP1) Fig 3. The skill premia / bac (SP3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-depicts-the-result-of-the-education-functio-1243iatr.png Table 5 depicts the result of the education functio estimations, and table 6 the decomposition of the total family impact between the intra-family skill externality and the influence of the family income. https://scispace.com/papers/skill-memories-for-parameterized-dynamic-action-primitives-21jjiktn3x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-affetto-robot-a-upper-body-and-internal-structure-as-38635smh.png Fig. 1. Affetto robot, (a) upper body and internal structure as presented in [12], [13]. (b) Experimental setup used for online learning. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-experimental-setup-of-the-affetto-experiment-3sjadm8u.png Fig. 8. (a) Experimental setup of the Affetto experiment. Kinematics simulation is used for generation of target joint angle trajectories and visualisation only, experiments are performed on the real robot platform. Due to the high compliance of the robot, tracking tasks on the 2D target plane (black line) result in disturbed trajectories (red line). (b) Results of parameter grid search of ILC filter width and step size. (c-k) Examples of the generalization of PS(τ ) to unseen tasks. Results for generalized forward signals: for three shape parameterizations and a fixed load resulting target trajectories for a zero forward signal (c-e), for a parameterized skill trained with two samples (f-h) and for 20 presented training samples (i-k) is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-previous-work-bootstrapping-loop-of-parameterized-4dfuzc0m.png Fig. 2. Previous work, bootstrapping loop of parameterized skills as proposed in [9]. System overview including simulation of a 10DOF planar arm, the reaching target at time T 2 is variable and located on the target plane. The parameterized skill performs generalization from the reaching target to the high dimensional parameterization of the action primitive. Training samples for the parameterized skill are estimated by black-box optimization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-discretized-shape-variation-that-was-used-for-35wn1oi9.png Fig. 4. Discretized shape variation that was used for evaluation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-system-overview-of-the-proposed-action-generation-18xaj0dw.png Fig. 3. System overview of the proposed action generation framework. The parameterized skill PS(τ ) is the core component and mediates between high-level task parameter and feed-forward signals representing the dynamic properties of the system. Background color indicates functional grouping and the nested loop structure of task parameterization, feed-forward signal optimization and primitive execution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-experimental-setup-of-the-compliant-2dof-arm-1esiha40.png Fig. 5. (a) Experimental setup of the compliant 2DOF arm experiment. Due to the high compliance of the robot, tracking tasks on the 2D target plane (black line) result in disturbed trajectories (red line). (b) Kinematic chain of the simulated actuator. (c-k) Examples of the generalization of PS(τ ) to unseen tasks. Results for generalized forward signals: for three shape parameterizations and a fixed load resulting target trajectories for a zero forward signal (c-e), for a parameterized skill trained with two samples (f-h) and for 10 presented training samples (i-k) is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-decreasing-tracking-error-caused-by-the-forward-signal-3k1kdewc.png Fig. 7. Decreasing tracking error caused by the forward signal that is encoded as θstart = PS(τ ) in relation to the number of presented training samples (a) and the mean number of rollouts that are necessary for optimization by ILC until convergence (b). Results and confidence interval are based on ten repeated experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/skill-premium-in-chile-studying-skill-upgrading-in-the-south-500pytdwrc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-wage-premium-in-chile-1fekesjw.png Figure 1: The Wage Premium in Chile https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relative-supply-in-chile-v8ikvgh6.png Figure 2: Relative Supply in Chile https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-skill-upgrading-in-chile-sectoral-evidence-2tfvdaf9.png Table 2: Skill Upgrading in Chile, Sectoral Evidence https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-two-digit-industries-5u0nzbog.png Table A.1: Two-Digit Industries https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-share-of-developed-economies-in-imports-of-non-3lijkdmb.png Table 3: Share of Developed Economies in Imports of Non-Transportation Machinery and Equipment https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-time-series-evidence-estimation-in-first-differences-p89vnn0e.png Table 6: Time-Series Evidence: Estimation in First Differences https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-skill-premium-in-chile-and-the-us-15miwmcu.png Figure 6: Skill Premium in Chile and the US https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-decomposing-wage-premium-growth-by-decade-2chkndol.png Figure 5: Decomposing Wage Premium Growth, by Decade https://scispace.com/papers/skin-conductance-responses-to-another-person-s-gaze-in-1yrq2mr155 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-skin-conductance-responses-as-a-function-of-gaze-37mpsjgp.png Fig. 2. Mean skin conductance responses as a function of gaze direction and group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-by-showing-three-separate-pictures-the-figure-a01xjfx8.png Fig. 1. By showing three separate pictures the figure illustrates the impression of a looming face which was created by using the zoom of the camera. The film clips had a duration of 6 s. Published with consent. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-subject-characteristics-3chhxm96.png Table I. Subject Characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/skin-microvascular-vasodilatory-capacity-in-offspring-of-two-3ad7jf4sya 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-relationship-between-minimum-microvascular-2v4139sf.png Figure 2 The relationship between minimum microvascular resistance and plasminogen activator inhibitor activity in a group of normoglycaemic individuals with no family history of diabetes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-minimum-microvascular-resistance-in-normoglycaemic-1pw6ppw0.png Figure 1 Minimum microvascular resistance in normoglycaemic individuals with no family history of diabetes (control) and normoglycaemic individuals with two parents with Type 2 diabetes (family history). https://scispace.com/papers/skos-concepts-and-natural-language-concepts-an-analysis-of-4hzcflzud6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ten-most-frequent-syntactic-patterns-pos-co-3p9w08y8.png Table 3.Ten most frequent syntactic patterns (POS co-occurrences) in KOSs and divisibility characterization. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-part-of-speech-pos-tagging-of-koss-qlaza2iu.png Table 2. Part Of Speech (POS) tagging of KOSs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-distribution-and-types-of-divisible-terms-per-kos-2ixp973x.png Table 5. Distribution and types of divisible terms per KOS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graphical-representation-of-three-concepts-and-2yawnv0b.png Figure 1.Graphical representation of three concepts and their relationships from two different thesauri expressed in SKOS. The labels of the concepts from Eurovoc appear in various languages while the one from GEMET only in English. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-excerpt-of-taggers-output-bl1iknkl.png Figure 2. Excerpt of tagger’s output. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-further-analysis-of-the-noun-noun-pattern-2zgn639x.png Table 4. Further analysis of the Noun – Noun pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-kos-entries-tokens-and-words-2naiwxny.png Table 1. KOS entries, tokens and words. https://scispace.com/papers/skin-problems-in-lower-limb-amputees-a-systematic-review-di57hbdjc6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-score-of-the-publications-on-the-six-criteria-n1-3d4891t3.png Figure 2. Score of the publications on the six criteria (n¼28; Mean¼3.5; SD¼1.3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-reason-for-exclusion-after-second-selection-and-y7xlyr0i.png Table II. Reason for exclusion after second selection and number of publications excluded. https://scispace.com/papers/skull-closed-autonomous-development-wwn-6-using-natural-2csxi667cd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-resource-utilization-in-10-epochs-1jxahzdl.png Fig. 8. Resource utilization in 10 epochs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-between-a-symbolic-fa-or-sn-and-an-emergent-3kvvepkp.png Fig. 1. Comparison between a symbolic FA (or SN) and an emergent DN. (a) Given a task, an FA (or SN), symbolic, handcrafted by the human programmer using a static symbol set. (b) A DN, which incrementally learns the FA but takes sensory images directly and produces effector images directly. Without given any task, a human designs the general-purpose Developmental Program (DP) which resides in the DN as a functional equivalent of the “genome” that regulates the development — fully autonomous inside the DN. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-dn-has-three-areas-1na6jfuz.png Fig. 2. A DN has three areas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-frames-extracted-from-a-continuous-video-clip-and-used-1orbrkov.png Fig. 5. Frames extracted from a continuous video clip and used in the training and testing of the network https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-structure-of-wwn-6-o510hb9p.png Fig. 3. The structure of WWN-6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-visualization-of-the-weights-in-one-depth-in-y-area-am8optkb.png Fig. 6. Visualization of the weights in one depth in Y area (ten depths totally), which have three types: bottom-up weights (connected from X area), top-down weights (connected from TM) and top-down weights (connected from LM). Block color in (b) represents the type of the specific object, and the colors corresponding to 24 objects are mapped into a color bar with a value range from 0 to 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-network-performance-variation-within-10-epochs-under-2t7je2dd.png Fig. 7. Network performance variation within 10 epochs under three different attention modes: free-viewing mode, type-based mode and location-based mode. One epoch of training means that the agent is taught an object with all the possible locations in the backgrounds. The depth in Y area of our network is set 10, meaning that for 24 object to be learned, the resource shortage is (24− 10)/24 = 58.3%. If the depth is 24, indicating that each neuron corresponds to one object of one location, the resource is enough without considering the various backgrounds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-24-objects-to-be-learned-in-the-experiment-2fwcr8q8.png Fig. 4. 24 objects to be learned in the experiment https://scispace.com/papers/slack-resources-and-innovation-in-vietnamese-smes-a-12yqhlrd0y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-and-correlation-matrix-12y1ktc0.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics and correlation matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-moderation-impact-of-institutional-context-on-235qgp7l.png Table 6: The moderation impact of institutional context on the relationship between financial slack and innovation https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-moderation-impact-of-institutional-context-on-5wo83jgs.png Table 5: The moderation impact of institutional context on the relationship between financial slack and innovation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-impact-of-human-resource-slack-on-innovation-2pi6796t.png Table 4: The impact of human resource slack on innovation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-impact-of-financial-slack-on-innovation-hj3if0c3.png Table 3: The impact of financial slack on innovation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-independent-variables-in-the-innovation-models-1vx07387.png Table 1: Independent variables in the innovation models https://scispace.com/papers/skyline2gps-localization-in-urban-canyons-using-omni-3znjvtjhhe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-left-the-skyline-detected-in-a-fisheye-image-with-2f3wao0w.png Fig. 5. Left: The skyline detected in a fisheye image with incorrect chamfer matching. Right: Robust chamfer matching using RANSAC for correct skyline matching. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-on-the-left-we-show-examples-of-fisheye-images-2ubw7aft.png Fig. 8. On the left we show examples of fisheye images captured during night time. In the middle, we show the max-min features highlighting the boundary near an open region. On the right, we show the matched skyline with minimum cost in the shortest path algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-3d-model-of-bostons-financial-district-one-of-the-4z46x50w.png Fig. 9. 3D model of Boston’s financial district: One of the coarse 3D models used in this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-a-few-failure-cases-for-sky-detection-and-shortest-1s677vyt.png Fig. 12. A few failure cases for sky detection and shortest path algorithms. (a) and (b) show the errors in sky detection due to the occlusion from sun and trees. (c) The shortest path algorithm can handle and predict the missing buildings as shown. Mismatches in some part of the skyline while the rest matches very precisely, indicate changes in the scene. In (d) we showt e short circuit problem when the boundaries for the shortest path algorithm overlap. This can result in degradation in the performance of the algorithm when the skyline takes sharp turns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-on-the-top-we-show-upward-facing-images-of-skylines-in-2dj7kfck.png Fig. 1. On the top we show upward facing images of skylines. In the middle, we show the matched skylines using the proposed algorithms. In the bottom, we show the corresponding geo-locations on aerial images. [Best Viewed in Color] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-on-the-top-a-b-and-c-we-show-the-geo-trajectories-10xzg4ke.png Fig. 10. On the top (a,b and c) we show the geo-trajectories obtained for 100’s of images using our algorithm. In (d) we show a comparison with the GPS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sky-detection-results-original-and-segmented-fisheye-3cojy3xs.png Fig. 7. Sky detection results: Original and segmented fisheye images re shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-original-image-b-likelihood-for-the-sky-c-likelihood-3ptl9rn9.png Fig. 4. (a) Original image. (b) Likelihood for the sky. (c) Likelihood for the rest of the image. Red and Blue correspond to higher and lowerlik lihoods r spectively.[Best Viewed in Color] https://scispace.com/papers/skypackage-from-finding-items-to-finding-a-skyline-of-1jjg553hyy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-10-skyline-package-result-1mc8e25t.png Figure 3.10: Skyline Package Result https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-8-package-size-scalability-for-book-crossing-xvoohafk.png Figure 5.8: Package Size Scalability for Book-Crossing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-movielens-ontology-67doy96p.png Figure 4.2: MovieLens Ontology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4-scalability-for-package-sizes-2-to-5-8jba8fbn.png Figure 5.4: Scalability for Package Sizes 2 to 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-skyline-of-hotels-3m5smyjj.png Figure 2.1: Skyline of Hotels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-dataflow-for-the-skypackage-problem-in-terms-of-ytzb0opt.png Figure 2.4: Dataflow for the SkyPackage Problem in Terms of Traditional Query Operators https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-9-prunability-of-book-crossing-dataset-1hgkvrqm.png Figure 5.9: Prunability of Book-Crossing Dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-cartesian-product-on-all-targets-e-g-milk-eggs-2leoibj9.png Figure 3.5: Cartesian product on all targets (e.g., milk, eggs, and bread) https://scispace.com/papers/slave-prices-the-african-slave-trade-and-productivity-in-4ot09hhufs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-slave-labor-productivity-indexes-1722-2wf205fd.png TABLE 1 COMPARISON OF SLAVE LABOR PRODUCTIVITY INDEXES, 1722–1724 TO 1805–1809 https://scispace.com/papers/slam-based-on-quantities-invariant-of-the-robot-s-2s3tp9td21 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-two-points-a-and-b-belong-to-the-same-cluster-2cvwizcz.png Fig. 1. The two points A and B belong to the same cluster although their distance is larger than d0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-raw-laser-scan-a-and-the-scan-after-the-clustering-1vptfn6p.png Fig. 2. The raw laser scan (a) and the scan after the clustering step (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-closed-line-and-the-circles-represent-respectively-rczw168l.png Fig. 6. The closed line and the circles represent respectively the robot trajectory and the beacons position estimated with proposed filter. The open line is the robot trajectory estimated through the AMF with the same data (odometry and laser). The real robot motion was a closed path. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-trajectory-of-the-robot-and-the-position-of-the-3jgovgf2.png Fig. 7. The trajectory of the robot and the position of the intersection point estimated through the relative map filter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-intersections-obtained-from-the-scan-in-fig-2a-2z14fsz9.png Fig. 4. The intersections obtained from the scan in fig 2a. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relative-map-before-the-observation-a-the-observation-2v5q8sov.png Fig. 5. Relative Map before the observation (a), the observation (b), and the relative map obtained by fusing the information coming from the old map and the observation (c). In all the three figures the map state only contains the indicated distances between the landmarks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-points-in-the-two-ellipses-belong-to-two-distinct-or0jnlio.png Fig. 3. The points in the two ellipses belong to two distinct clusters (a). The result of the segmentation step is shown in (b). https://scispace.com/papers/slagging-behavior-of-straw-and-corn-stover-and-the-fate-of-3bmajydep8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fuel-analyses-1pu1nkxc.png Table 3. Fuel Analyses https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gas-burner-flow-rates-ln-min-jm0q73je.png Table 1. Gas Burner Flow Rates (Ln/min) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-magnification-of-figure-7-1yyeymhd.png Figure 8. Magnification of Figure 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-sem-micrograph-taken-from-ash-char-particles-2bsr0c0l.png Figure 10. SEM micrograph taken from ash/char particles deposited on an (uncooled) alumina deposit plate (top view) after a 3 h LCS corn stover gasification test (probe position at 1150 mm from the burner, with a gas temperature of 600 °C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sem-micrograph-taken-from-ash-char-particles-2p1mk1cl.png Figure 7. SEM micrograph taken from ash/char particles deposited on an (uncooled) alumina deposit plate (top view) after a 3 h LCS straw gasification test (probe position at 1150 mm from the burner, with a gas temperature of 600 °C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sem-micrograph-taken-from-ash-char-particles-tc77yscq.png Figure 9. SEM micrograph taken from ash/char particles deposited on an (uncooled) alumina deposit plate (top view) after a 3 h LCS corn stover gasification test (probe position at 800 mm from the burner, with a gas temperature of 1300 °C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-top-section-of-the-1wozsfa1.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of the top section of the LCS test rig. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristic-particle-diameters-for-each-174uq1uq.png Table 2. Characteristic Particle Diameters for Each Individual Cascade Impactor Stage https://scispace.com/papers/sleep-disorders-perceived-stress-and-family-support-among-y77ap60s7x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-scores-on-athens-insomnia-scale-ais-perceived-stress-1krc9vnx.png Table 2 Scores on Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Family Support Scale (FSS) as to gender https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-stepwise-multiple-regression-analysis-of-factors-x5e5og69.png Table 4 Stepwise multiple regression analysis of factors predicting insomnia https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-general-characteristics-of-nurses-3hqmv0hm.png Table 1 General characteristics of nurses https://scispace.com/papers/sleep-disturbance-in-psoriasis-a-case-controlled-study-3g3y73mu2l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparing-percent-scores-on-itch-iss-stress-pss-10-2m3lcvfm.png Figure 1. Comparing percent scores on itch (ISS), stress (PSS-10), dermatology-related quality of life impairment (DLQI), depressive symptoms (BDI), and psoriasis severity (PASI) of poor sleepers and normal sleepers. *) p < 0.05; ***) p < 0.001; ns: p > 0.05 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-predictors-of-clinical-insomnia-isi-15-n-45-25-1-1pfql7yd.png Table 3. Predictors of clinical insomnia (ISI ≥ 15; n=45; 25.1 %): hierarchical, multiple logistic regression. https://scispace.com/papers/sleep-deficits-and-cannabis-use-behaviors-an-analysis-of-4ed8p7a2d2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-betas-for-sleep-polygenic-risk-scores-p-1-299sx025.png Table 3. Regression betas for sleep polygenic risk scores (p < 1) predicting sleep factors controlling for age, sex, and ancestral principal components (PCs 1-10). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-betas-of-sleep-traits-predicting-cannabis-17wba1ec.png Table 2. Regression betas of sleep traits predicting cannabis use behaviors controlling for sex, age, depression, and past 180-day substance use. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-genetic-correlations-between-sleep-and-cannabis-1p9cytdw.png Table 1. Genetic correlations between sleep and cannabis phenotypes using large scale GWAS. https://scispace.com/papers/sleep-duration-and-life-satisfaction-3k187u9d2p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sleep-duration-and-life-satisfaction-pooled-ols-soep-311bf1hf.png Table 2: Sleep duration and life satisfaction, pooled OLS, SOEP 2008-2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4b-sleep-duration-for-maximal-life-satisfaction-pooled-399bew00.png Table 4b: Sleep duration for maximal life satisfaction, pooled OLS, females, SOEP 2008-2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4a-sleep-duration-for-maximal-life-satisfaction-pooled-3tmu6r3e.png Table 4b: Sleep duration for maximal life satisfaction, pooled OLS, females, SOEP 2008-2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7b-sleep-duration-for-maximal-life-satisfaction-fixed-1t3t03ol.png Table 7b: Sleep duration for maximal life satisfaction, fixed effects, over 30 years old, SOEP 2008-2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sleep-duration-and-life-satisfaction-fixed-effects-2yjabz2s.png Table 3: Sleep duration and life satisfaction, fixed effects, SOEP 2008-2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-sleep-for-different-groups-of-individuals-rndiri5l.png Table 1: Average sleep for different groups of individuals https://scispace.com/figures/table-6b-sleep-duration-for-maximal-life-satisfaction-pooled-3qmqnicd.png Table 6b: Sleep duration for maximal life satisfaction, pooled OLS, over 30 years old, SOEP 2008-2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6a-sleep-duration-for-maximal-life-satisfaction-pooled-2oyllaep.png Table 6b: Sleep duration for maximal life satisfaction, pooled OLS, over 30 years old, SOEP 2008-2012 https://scispace.com/papers/sleep-duration-sleep-quality-and-coronary-heart-disease-43m5khwoa1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hazard-ratios-hr-for-the-association-of-sleep-35wrvt15.png Table 1. Hazard ratios (HR) for the association of sleep problems with coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in the MJ health check-up programme, Taiwan (N = 392 164) https://scispace.com/papers/sleep-enabled-roadside-units-for-motorway-vehicular-networks-22ob9t29fu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-studied-scenario-t33ky125.png Figure 2. The studied scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparisons-of-different-types-of-sleep-cycles-2uzx3iut.png Table 3 COMPARISONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SLEEP CYCLES. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-queuing-model-for-the-rsu-3jafr7cm.png Figure 7. Queuing model for the RSU. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-average-packet-delay-for-sleep-cycles-type-i-and-kpmxnlsj.png Figure 14. Average packet delay for sleep cycles type-I and type-V with varying mean sleep duration (鯨違) and accumulated packets (詣). https://scispace.com/papers/sleep-restriction-therapy-may-be-effective-for-people-with-4cbe7uzfyi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-depressive-symptoms-insomnia-symptoms-total-sleep-1uyd05my.png Figure 1. Depressive symptoms, insomnia symptoms, total sleep time and subjective sleep efficiency at a group level (n= 6) over time. Please see online supplementary material for a more detailed report at the group level. https://scispace.com/papers/sleep-problem-suicide-and-self-harm-in-university-students-a-52i6bgps9o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-studies-examining-the-relationship-3pi9gwq0.png Table 1: Summary of studies examining the relationship between sleep disturbance and suicidality in university students. Study Sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prisma-diagram-illustrating-procedure-for-2qnlkuq4.png Figure 1: PRISMA diagram illustrating procedure for identifying the eligibility of studies for inclusion in the review https://scispace.com/papers/sleep-s-role-in-the-consolidation-of-emotional-episodic-1dbs33hssr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sample-experimental-stimuli-top-and-graphical-dakvlr7g.png Fig. 1. Sample experimental stimuli (top) and graphical representation of the trade-off effect as percentage of neutral versus emotionally arousing objects and backgrounds recognized (bottom). Stimuli with the identical neutral backgrounds and either a neutral (top left) or negatively arousing (top right) object in the foreground were presented; as shown in the graph, participants show increased recognition of emotionally arousing foreground objects with impaired recognition of neutral backgrounds (bkg). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-change-in-recognition-memory-for-neutral-and-emotional-68xx3o4k.png Fig. 2. Change in recognition memory for neutral and emotional objects and backgrounds after periods of waking versus sleep. Recognition memory for both central objects and neutral backgrounds (bkg) decreased from 30 minutes post-training by 6% to 12% across either 12 hours of daytime wakefulness (9 a.m. to 9 p.m.) or 12 nighttime hours (9 p.m. to 9 a.m.) including a full night of sleep (! 6 hours of documented sleep time within this time window), except for emotional objects, memory of which improved by 2% over a night of sleep (circled green bar, right). https://scispace.com/papers/sleep-related-traits-and-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-599sl0mvdq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-genes-associated-with-both-sleep-related-traits-and-2yjrk3yl.png Table 1. Genes associated with both sleep related traits and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) after cross trait meta-analysis https://scispace.com/papers/sleep-stability-and-transitions-in-patients-with-idiopathic-3fhj8q20it 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-psg-data-for-the-six-groups-studied-1rghx6g8.png Table 1 Demographic and PSG data for the six groups studied. Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) were divided in those with REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) (PD+) and those without (PD ), as determined by the presence of REM sleep without atonia as well as clinical complaints. The RBD Screening Questionnaire was used to divide the patients with idiopathic RBD (iRBD) in those with a total score of 69 (iRBD ) and those with a total score of >10 (iRBD+). The patients with periodic leg movement disorder (PLMD) were included as a secondary control group. The disease onset is stated as years from clinical diagnosis (PD patients) or self-reported subjective RBD-symptoms (iRBD patients). https://scispace.com/papers/sleep-sufficiency-in-pediatric-and-adolescent-tourette-s-36huhfvy20 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-nights-of-sufficient-sleep-age-3-sex-3-td-1hzna0rl.png Figure 1. Number of nights of sufficient sleep: age 3 sex 3 TD severity. TD, Tourette’s disorder. https://scispace.com/papers/slftd-a-subjective-logic-based-framework-for-truth-discovery-4belfcxr9y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-procedure-of-deciding-whether-to-watch-a-movie-zxi0xtxo.png Fig. 1. The procedure of deciding whether to watch a movie. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-dataset-is-represented-by-a-matrix-with-n-1tnurjhu.png Table 2. The dataset is represented by a matrix, with n entities and m providers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-system-flow-of-subjective-logic-based-truth-discovery-1mcarms3.png Fig. 2. System flow of subjective logic based truth discovery framework. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-precision-of-eleven-methods-on-true-book-author-list-36i2pwwn.png Table 4. Precision of eleven methods on true book author list finding task. First group shows the performance of four methods without removing outliers; second group shows the performance on the data without outliers, and predict truth in a generative manner; methods in third group also works on data without outliers, and predict truth in a discriminative way. Best results are in bolder; second best is labeled with *. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-state-of-art-truth-discovery-methods-2plnf1vp.png Table 1. Summary of state-of-art truth discovery methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-precision-of-eleven-methods-on-true-book-author-list-2dsgjlzg.png Table 3. Precision of eleven methods on true book author list finding task. Best results are in bolder. https://scispace.com/papers/sleepless-in-lockdown-unpacking-differences-in-sleep-loss-2dz82vey92 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-adjusted-odds-ratios-of-new-occurrence-of-sleep-loss-mhc6sfdg.png Table 4. Adjusted odds ratios of new occurrence of sleep loss during the pandemic https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-adjusted-odds-ratios-of-sleep-loss-during-the-3mv7o6tp.png Table 3. Adjusted odds ratios of sleep loss during the pandemic https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-thnmwv7s.png Table 1. Sample characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-post-model-predictive-margins-and-95-confidence-jtw72n5l.png Table 5. Post model predictive margins and 95% confidence intervals of sleep loss and new occurrence of sleep loss by respondent characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sleep-loss-and-new-occurrence-during-the-pandemic-by-sh0jsu7b.png Table 2. Sleep loss and new occurrence during the pandemic by selected characteristics. https://scispace.com/papers/slicing-java-programs-that-throw-and-catch-exceptions-2kw8u8h8d4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-code-and-the-corresponding-cfgs-non-2d2wsz6t.png Figure 2: Example code and the corresponding CFGs. Non-executable edges are shown using dashed arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-cfgs-for-the-code-in-figure-1-a-dashed-arrows-xf3nx5a5.png Figure 4: The CFGs for the code in Figure 1(a). (Dashed arrows represent non-executable edges.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-algorithm-for-computing-the-new-summary-edges-n0gzkfxe.png Figure 5: The algorithm for computing the new summary edges that represent the fact that the initial value of a parameter or non-local variable can affect whether a method returns normally or throws an exception. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-sdg-for-the-code-in-figure-1-a-see-figure-3-for-1pbct3wo.png Figure 6: The SDG for the code in Figure 1(a). (See Figure 3 for the edge key.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cfgs-for-the-code-in-figure-1-b-3fxcuvdb.png Figure 7: CFGs for the code in Figure 1(b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-sdgs-built-for-the-code-of-figure-12-244oqyhb.png Figure 13: The SDGs built for the code of Figure 12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-java-examples-in-the-left-example-the-slice-248iny3e.png Figure 1: Two Java examples. In the left example, the slice from the print statement on line 8 is indicated with plus signs, and the slice from the print statement on line 5 is indicated with stars. In the right example, the slice from the print statement on line 8 is indicated with plus signs, the slice from the print statement on line 5 is indicated with stars, and the slice from the print statement on line 10 is indicated with x’s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sdg-for-the-cfgs-of-figure-7-see-figure-3-for-the-3m69xx24.png Figure 8: SDG for the CFGs of Figure 7. (See Figure 3 for the edge key.) https://scispace.com/papers/slicing-with-guaranteed-quality-of-service-in-wifi-networks-38hru2e1in 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scenario-1-delay-and-throughput-for-slices-1-and-2-2gotnv3i.png Fig. 1. Scenario 1. Delay and Throughput for Slices 1 and 2 with and without Traffic on Slice 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scenario-1-delay-and-throughput-for-slice-3-20vp5ufx.png Fig. 2. Scenario 1. Delay and Throughput for Slice 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-slice-and-traffic-configuration-2uqq1iwm.png TABLE I SLICE AND TRAFFIC CONFIGURATION. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-channel-capacities-1lhtpy0d.png TABLE II CHANNEL CAPACITIES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-scenario-3-delay-and-throughput-evolution-for-slice-2-3lqgoy79.png Fig. 6. Scenario 3. Delay and Throughput Evolution for Slice 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scenario-2-delay-and-throughput-for-slice-3-3udlnjio.png Fig. 4. Scenario 2. Delay and Throughput for Slice 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-scenario-3-delay-and-throughput-for-slice-1-before-and-21lkwndo.png Fig. 5. Scenario 3. Delay and Throughput for Slice 1 before and after Change in Slice 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scenario-2-delay-and-throughput-for-slices-1-and-2-cl0stqqk.png Fig. 3. Scenario 2. Delay and Throughput for Slices 1 and 2 with and without Traffic on Slice 3. https://scispace.com/papers/sliding-differential-evolution-scheduling-for-federated-5f4u3y3pfn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sliding-differential-evolution-algorithm-qox79cm1.png Fig. 2: Sliding differential evolution algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameter-settings-14gzmswl.png TABLE I: Parameter Settings https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-federatd-learning-in-wireless-networks-1p0nqtn2.png Fig. 1: Federatd learning in wireless networks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sdes-of-vk-t-tk-t-lk-t-ck-t-b-0-7-z-5-1uyfefcw.png Fig. 3: SDES of Vk[t] ∈ {Tk[t],Lk[t], Ck[t]} (β = 0.7, ζ = 5) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sdes-w-k-n-b-0-7-z-5-vk-t-ck-t-mbyvs0nb.png Fig. 4: SDES (W ∈ {K,N}) (β = 0.7, ζ = 5, Vk[t] = Ck[t]) https://scispace.com/papers/sliding-mode-based-powertrain-control-for-efficiency-2ahqrx0ewt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-diagram-of-series-hev-drivetrain-1krryq66.png Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of series HEV drivetrain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-engine-efficiency-map-2fbqv0e7.png Fig. 4. Engine efficiency map. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-detailed-block-diagram-of-generator-torque-control-2bo03sj2.png Fig. 7. Detailed block diagram of generator torque control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-represents-the-control-mechanism-of-generator-torque-l2pz6qja.png Fig. 7. Detailed block diagram of generator torque control. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-performance-table-for-the-two-strategies-1ye9f4wn.png TABLE I PERFORMANCE TABLE FOR THE TWO STRATEGIES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-engine-efficiency-diagrams-a-with-original-psat-b-2qgjrgp4.png Fig. 13. Engine efficiency diagrams: (a) with original PSAT, (b) with 1-SMC, and (c) with 2-SMC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-he-hmmwv-cgnuxh5r.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of HE-HMMWV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-engine-torque-and-b-engine-speed-original-psat-2qlzfp48.png Fig. 8. (a) Engine torque and (b) engine speed (original PSAT). https://scispace.com/papers/sliding-window-temporal-graph-coloring-54764co8cy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-reduction-from-exact-34-sat-to-28ahcsk2.png Figure 1: Illustration of the reduction from EXACT (3,4)-SAT to 2-SW TEMP. 2-COLORING of the proof of Theorem 4.2. Vertices and edges in the yellow shaded areas (right) correspond to a clause gadget for clause (x1∨x2∨x3). Vertices and edges in the blue shaded areas (left) correspond to the variable gadgets for x1, x2, and x3. Thick edges appear in every snapshot while thin edges only appear in one snapshot. In the first snapshot (a), the superscripts of the vertices used in the proof of Theorem 4.2 are shown. To keep the figure clean, those are omitted in the illustrations for snapshots two (b) and three (c). https://scispace.com/papers/slope-transformation-within-tourist-footpaths-in-the-western-1hydkchn6y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-study-area-a-location-of-the-study-area-in-poland-3uqykh8t.png Fig. 1. The study area. A – location of the study area in Poland and Slovakia, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-the-cross-profile-used-for-area-2firi8cl.png Fig. 2. Schematic of the cross profile used for area calculations within test surfaces https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-diversity-of-surface-types-within-footpaths-in-the-m8q9j829.png Fig. 3. Diversity of surface types within footpaths in the study area. 1. footpaths on bedrock and artificial surfaces (arranged boulders), 2. footpaths on soil and regolith covers with dominant grain-size of rock material <2 cm, 3. footpaths on regolith covers with dominant grain-size of rock material <10 cm, 4. footpaths on regolith covers with dominant grain-size of rock material >10 cm, 5. other footpaths, 6. main ridge https://scispace.com/papers/slope-water-gulf-stream-and-seasonal-influences-on-southern-3z3bizbmhi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-section-b-top-temperature-salinity-middle-density-25rop917.png Figure 5. Section B. (top) Temperature, salinity; (middle) density, geostrophic velocity; (bottom) relative vorticity, normalized by f (Ro), ADCP velocity. Geostrophic velocity is initially estimated using zero bottom velocity; it is then corrected with the 250-m ADCP reference velocity, or the depth-averaged ADCP velocity for depths <250 m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-vertical-top-salinity-and-bottom-temperature-3v78zruw.png Figure 11. Vertical (top) salinity and (bottom) temperature contours for an alongshelf section between transects C and D. Orientation is looking shoreward, with transect D on the left. Location of the section is near the 1500-m isobath, and is shown on Figure 1 by the dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-horizontal-contours-at-25-m-depth-for-a-salinity-b-1oepo8tb.png Figure 10. Horizontal contours at 25 m depth for (a) salinity, (b) temperature, and (c) density. CTD stations are marked with crosses, and those nearest the 100-m isobath are circled. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cruise-track-and-station-locations-for-r-v-cape-31zv4we4.png Figure 1. Cruise track and station locations for R/V Cape Hatteras cruise 2300, 2–6 November 2000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-section-c-top-temperature-salinity-middle-density-366026qa.png Figure 6. Section C. (top) Temperature, salinity; (middle) density, geostrophic velocity; (bottom) relative vorticity, normalized by f (Ro), ADCP velocity. Geostrophic velocity is initially estimated using zero bottom velocity; it is then corrected with the 250-m ADCP reference velocity, or the depth-averaged ADCP velocity for depths <250 m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-avhrr-sea-surface-temperature-for-northern-gs-2puk6d3p.png Figure 9. AVHRR sea surface temperature for Northern GS region, 25 October 2000. Study area and transect lines are indicated for reference only; image is from 1 week previous to survey dates. (From Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Ocean Sensing Group.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-contours-of-shelfbreak-front-bottom-attachment-2s6xjutr.png Figure 13. Contours of shelfbreak front bottom attachment depth, as predicted by the Yankovsky and Chapman [1997] model as a function of shelf transport and density gradient. Points are plotted for the calculated bottom attachment depth for each of the four sections surveyed, plus their mean, as well as for the climatology [Linder and Gawarkiewicz, 1998]. Actual bottom attachment depths (as given in Table 3) are A, 134 m; B, 126 m; C, 120 m; D, 120 m; mean, 125 m; and climatology, 75 m. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relationship-between-jet-transport-tjet-cross-1h3xu5x7.png Table 3. Relationship Between Jet Transport, Tjet, Cross-Frontal Density Difference, and Depth of the Bottom Intersection of the Fronta https://scispace.com/papers/slow-diffusion-of-methane-in-ultra-micropores-of-silicon-36dbo875sb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-fits-of-low-pressure-methane-adsorption-isotherm-1zdjr9t0.png Figure 10. Fits of low pressure methane adsorption isotherm for SiC-DC1073 particles of nominal size (a) 1 µm, and (b) 20 µm at 303-353 K with Langmuir-Henry isotherm model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-effect-of-temperature-and-model-fits-for-sic-326hpdbr.png Figure 12. Effect of temperature and model fits for SiC-DC1073 particles of nominal size (a) 20 µm and 1 µm (inset) at pressure of 400 mmHg, and (b) model fits in semi-log coordinates for SiC-DC1073 20 µm, Symbols: experimental data; lines: model fit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-particle-size-distribution-curves-for-sic-dc-3cm8gpka.png Figure 2. Particle size distribution curves for SiC-DC samples and their precursors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-xrd-patterns-of-sic-dc1073-particles-of-nominal-312rsdin.png Figure 4. XRD patterns of SiC-DC1073 particles of nominal size 1 µm and 20 µm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-the-psd-of-the-sic-dc1073-samples-1wihh5y2.png Figure 6. Comparison of the PSD of the SiC-DC1073 samples prepared from precursors with different particle size distributions. The PSD is obtained by the interpretation of argon adsorption at 87 K using FWT model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-pore-size-distribution-obtained-from-co2-adsorption-wfl1lacq.png Figure 8. Pore size distribution obtained from CO2 adsorption at 273 K using non-local density functional theory for SiC-DC1073 particles of nominal size 1 and 20 µm https://scispace.com/papers/slow-initial-b-lactam-infusion-and-oral-paracetamol-to-treat-44l0nt3ajq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-endpoint-outcomes-in-study-treatment-groups-in-the-mgq5ixtp.png Table 3: Endpoint outcomes in study treatment groups in the whole series and in children with pneumococcal meningitis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-trial-profi-le-ctx-cefotaxime-bm-bacterial-37ag78ic.png Figure 1: Trial profi le CTX=cefotaxime. BM=bacterial meningitis. IV=intravenous. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mortality-in-hospital-overall-and-at-48-and-72-h-in-3k2vpevv.png Table 4: Mortality in hospital, overall and at 48 and 72 h, in the whole series and in children with pneumococcal meningitis for three study treatment groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-the-patients-in-the-1lczavbw.png Table 1: Baseline characteristics of the patients in the intention-to-treat population https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-clinical-course-and-outcome-of-disease-in-the-3v3wbglt.png Table 2: Clinical course and outcome of disease in the intention-to-treat population https://scispace.com/papers/slow-magnetic-relaxations-in-a-ladder-type-dy-iii-complex-15w43lr1fy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ladder-like-arrangement-of-the-dy-iii-atoms-in-1-c58t8rwq.png Figure 2. Ladder-like arrangement of the Dy(III) atoms in 1. Among the carbon and oxygen atoms are shown only those participating in bridging the Dy(III) atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-frequency-dependence-of-the-ac-susceptibility-for-1-1zftgt63.png Figure 8. Frequency dependence of the AC susceptibility for 1 at BDC = 0.2 T. Left – the in-phase component; right – the out-of-phase component. Solid lines – fitted with the two-set Debye model. https://scispace.com/papers/slow-scintillation-time-constants-in-nai-tl-for-different-ngmveks0qk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-results-of-the-fits-from-0-to-1000-ns-after-the-zzirwe6x.png TABLE III. Results of the fits from 0 to 1000 ns after the pulse onset for alpha and gamma/muon events. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pulses-from-a-and-g-u-events-in-a-zoomed-view-of-the-2ff5345h.png FIG. 2. Pulses from α and γ/µ events in a zoomed view of the pulse baseline to remark the pulse undershoot. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-parameters-of-the-digitizers-used-in-this-work-cg1lm5a6.png TABLE II. Parameters of the digitizers used in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-mass-manufacturer-pmt-model-used-and-name-of-the-nai-2iwxwwo6.png TABLE I. Mass, Manufacturer, PMT model used and name of the NaI(Tl) detectors used throughout this work. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-results-of-the-fit-to-two-exponential-decays-from-4-23l2n859.png TABLE V. Results of the fit to two exponential decays from 4 to 304 ms after the pulse onset for α and γ/µ events. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-ratio-between-the-average-ph-e-number-for-a-and-g-u-3booy72y.png TABLE IV. Ratio between the average ph.e. number for α and γ/µ events and mean pulse time calculated from 4 till 304 ms after the pulse onset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ph-e-distribution-from-a-and-g-u-events-in-a-320-ms-3714bdhw.png FIG. 3. Ph.e. distribution from α and γ/µ events in a 320 ms temporal scale, normalized to the same fast pulse area. https://scispace.com/papers/slow-muon-study-of-quaternary-solar-cell-materials-single-4f9gxaikoa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-temperature-dependence-of-the-depolarization-rate-s-of-1doopy8o.png FIG. 6. Temperature dependence of the depolarization rate σ of the diamagnetic signal in CZTS (a) and CIGS (b). A similar decrease of σ above 150 K is observed in all the samples, which is attributed to motional narrowing due to muon diffusion. The lines are a guide to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effective-field-at-muon-site-as-a-function-of-2n7wk97t.png FIG. 7. Effective field at muon site as a function of temperature for CZTS film and CdS/CZTS junction (a) and for CIGS and CdS/CIGS junction (b). All the samples show a similar linear decrease of the effective field above 150 K. An additional upward shift of the effective field is observed below 150 K for the CZTS and CIGS films, when compared with the corresponding materials with a CdS layer on top. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-msr-time-spectrum-of-bulk-czts-at-t-5-k-in-transverse-1fcwngb4.png FIG. 1. μSR time spectrum of bulk CZTS at T= 5 K, in transverse geometry (B = 10 mT). The red line is the main component of the signal, fitted with a Gaussian-damped cosine and is assigned to muons at an anion-bound configuration. The blue line is a fast-relaxing component with a depolarization rate λ = 8(1)μs−1, related to muons at an interstitial position. The black line is the sum of the two components. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-schematic-energy-band-diagram-of-the-cds-cigs-nx2xpx9y.png FIG. 8. Schematic energy band diagram of the CdS/CIGS heterostructure (adapted from Turcu and Rau [27]). EC , EV , EF , and Eg denote the conduction band edge, the valence band edge, the Fermi energy, and the band gap of the absorber at inner depths, respectively. SDL stands for surface defect layer and SCR for space charge region. EV is the valence band offset introduced by the SDL [27]. Wb is the width of the depleted buffer layer. WSDL and WSCR are the widths of the corresponding regions, both in the absorber. The interface between the SDL and CdS is not a plane surface perpendicular to the muon beam, therefore the width of the SDL seen by the muon is enlarged, especially if the surface shape is very irregular (as in CZTS) and if it extends to grain boundaries (as in CIGS film [41] and possibly in CZTS). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-diamagnetic-fraction-as-a-function-of-average-2z243na7.png FIG. 3. Diamagnetic fraction as a function of average implantation depth〈x〉 for (a) Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) film and junction and for (b) Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) film and junctions. The dashed curves are the expected diamagnetic line calculated from the weighted contributions of the n-type and p-type materials (normalized at the end compositions) for CdS/CZTS(green curve, online), ZnSnO/CIGS (red curve, online), and CdS/CIGS (blue curve, online), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-muon-stopping-probability-per-unit-length-p-x-e-for-26b1zl4e.png FIG. 2. (a) Muon stopping probability per unit length, P (x,E), for the CdS/CIGS junction, as a function of implantation depth x for different muon implantation energiesE. (b) Relative weight of muons stopping on the n-type and p-type layers wn and wp , respectively, as a function of the muon implantation energy. The fraction of muons suffering backscattering is also represented. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-variation-of-the-diamagnetic-fraction-f-as-a-1w8hood4.png FIG. 4. (a) Variation of the diamagnetic fraction f as a function of average implantation depth〈x〉 for the three junctions and CIGS surface. The dotted vertical lines represent the nominal interface positions. (b) The value of the dip effect Y as a function of depth x, which originates the effect in (a). For simplicity, the Y function is assumed to have a square well shape, with adjustable parameters C, a, and b, representing the depth, beginning, and end of the well, respectively. The full curves in (a) are given by f = Y (a,b,C) P (a,b,E), where P (a,b,E) is the probability that a muon with implantation energy E stops in the range a < x < b. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-temperature-dependence-of-the-diamagnetic-fraction-2dpd1i7g.png FIG. 5. Temperature dependence of the diamagnetic fraction fdia of CZTS (a) and CIGS (b). The curves describe the increase of the diamagnetic fraction above 150 K as a thermal-activated process, interpreted as a conversion from interstitial to bound muonium. The activation energy for the conversion is clearly larger for the CZTS than for the CIGS material (see Table I). https://scispace.com/papers/slower-learning-rates-from-negative-outcomes-in-substance-qfczmomr9r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-computational-model-description-3sxnvuvn.png Table 3. Computational model description https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-correlations-between-computational-parameters-at-25yg4l6w.png Figure 3. Correlations between computational parameters at baseline and 1-year follow-up. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lifetime-dsm-iv-dsm-5-psychiatric-disorders-within-2kv5znoz.png Table 2: Lifetime DSM-IV/DSM-5 psychiatric disorders within SUDs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top-negative-correlation-in-stimulant-users-full-irevd0lo.png Figure 4. Top: Negative correlation in stimulant users (full sample) between pre-to-post changes in action precision and pre-to-post changes in symptom severity (DAST). Bottom: Illustration of individual pre-topost changes in DAST scores and action precision (as well as group mean and SE). As can be seen, DAST scores tend to decrease and action precision tends to increase, but with notable individual differences in each. DAST change scores account for what could already be predicted based on age, sex, and premorbid IQ. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-nested-models-2cc7adcu.png Table 4. Nested models https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-model-parameters-by-group-and-session-means-and-3csnfz3t.png Table 5: Model Parameters by Group and Session (Means and Standard Deviations) as well as Results of Linear Mixed Effects Model Analyses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-results-of-parametric-empirical-bayes-peb-3tv0dpyo.png Figure 2. Left: Results of parametric empirical Bayes (PEB) analyses, showing the posterior means and variances for group difference estimates in the full and propensity-matched samples in models accounting for age, sex, and premorbid IQ. These Bayesian group comparisons confirm the differences in learning rates for losses seen at baseline. There was also a main effect of time on this learning rate, but no significant interactions between group and time, indicating the group effects were stable. No other parameters showed main effects of group. See main text for further results of these analyses. Learning rate values are in logit-space. Right: Spaghetti plots showing individual changes from baseline to followup, as well as group means and standard errors, for learning rate for losses in the full and matched samples. HCs = healthy controls, SUDs = substance use disorders. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-predictive-relationships-in-stimulant-users-full-1yqzph4o.png Figure 5. Predictive relationships in stimulant users (full sample) between baseline model parameters and symptom severity at 1-year follow-up, after accounting for what could already be predicted based on age, https://scispace.com/papers/small-amplitude-periodic-sloshing-modes-of-a-liquid-in-a-3oixjo3vim 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tadw3h7r.png Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-w2-b-hq2scj35.png Figure 11. W2 (B) https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-maximal-growth-rates-and-growth-periods-for-h-0-30-dikdfcl5.png Table 16. Maximal growth rates and growth periods for h 0.30 v dimensionless values growth period https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-shows-that-for-h-0-40-f1atgwxh.png Figure 9 shows that for h = 0.40 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-l-b-for-various-ro-modes-fill-heigbts-and-bond-2utjbf89.png Table 10. L',B for various RO modes, fill heigbts, and Bond numbers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-k-values-for-m-0-1-and-2-3vxxrms0.png Table 1. k values for m 0, 1, and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-vertical-cross-section-of-the-cylir-er-and-liquid-11fislwz.png Figure 1. Vertical cross section of the cylir~er and liquid. https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-b8n-for-various-modes-and-fill-heights-2z1ci7o1.png Table 12. ~B8n for various modes and fill heights. https://scispace.com/papers/slowly-digestible-properties-of-lotus-seed-starch-glycerine-3agubf9kad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-digestive-parameters-and-thermodynamic-24ftpjr7.png Table 1 The digestive parameters and thermodynamic parameters of LS and LS-GMS prepared by different homogenization pressures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-22yd7h49.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-s8jybq6c.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1b88r6ya.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3o9ci701.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4q8lb5k0.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/slutsky-matrix-norms-and-the-size-of-bounded-rationality-1p4c8idwe7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-level-curves-sparse-max-consumer-example-the-figure-1qzmil8t.png Figure 1: Level curves sparse-max consumer example . The figure plots α ∈ [0, 1] on its vertical axis and pd2 ∈ [1, 2] on its horizontal axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-level-curves-hyperbolic-discounter-example-the-19fivpeo.png Figure 3: Level curves hyperbolic discounter example . The figure plots β ∈ [0, 1] on its horizontal axis and θ ∈ [0, 1] on its vertical axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-level-curves-hyperbolic-discounter-example-the-1dro7cb6.png Figure 2: Level curves hyperbolic discounter example . The figure plots β ∈ [0, 1] on its horizontal axis and θ ∈ [0, 1] on its vertical axis. https://scispace.com/papers/small-and-thin-inverted-f-antenna-with-insensitive-ground-f0me5rbwy0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-effect-of-some-parameters-on-the-s11-performance-a-1scmrcku.png Fig. 3 The effect of some parameters on the S11 performance (a) The ground plane size (b) The antenna location (c) The physical height of the PIFA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-detailed-dimensions-of-the-proposed-antenna-in-mm-35lp48g5.png TABLE I: DETAILED DIMENSIONS OF THE PROPOSED ANTENNA (IN MM) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-simulated-and-measured-s11-b-the-fabricated-3eoz5mk7.png Fig. 2 (a) The simulated and measured S11 (b) The fabricated prototype of the proposed antenna connected to the network analyser. https://scispace.com/papers/small-area-estimation-new-developments-and-directions-k12jn5qyqd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relative-efficiencies-of-working-predictor-compared-3t4broak.png Table 2: Relative efficiencies of working predictor compared with optimal predictor under Auto-regression model, large m https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relative-efficiencies-of-working-predictor-compared-2rpr8pn2.png Table 1: Relative efficiencies of working predictor compared with the optimal predictor under equal correlations model https://scispace.com/papers/small-angle-neutron-scattering-study-of-fractal-structure-of-4ni4ytbctq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sans-data-of-1-wt-sm30-silica-nanoparticle-system-at-106toccg.png Fig. 2. SANS data of 1 wt% SM30 silica nanoparticle system at different lysozyme concentrations in D2O buffer at pH 7. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-fitting-parameters-of-sans-data-of-1-wt-sm30-z3ya23k8.png Table II. The fitting parameters of SANS data of 1 wt% SM30 silica nanoparticle system with varying concentration of lysozyme. The fitted value of fractal dimension irrespective of protein concentration is 2.4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sans-data-of-1-wt-sm30-silica-nanoparticle-system-with-3pcg4lvy.png Fig. 4. SANS data of 1 wt% SM30 silica nanoparticle system with different lysozyme concentrations in H2O buffer at pH 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-schematic-of-aggregation-of-silica-nanoparticles-in-3ohd0kjr.png Fig. 3. A schematic of aggregation of silica nanoparticles in presence of lysozyme protein. https://scispace.com/papers/small-area-estimation-using-a-nonparametric-model-based-2xpgmqh343 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-across-areas-distribution-of-arrmse-generated-by-q7nt1zwb.png Table 2. Across areas distribution of ARRMSE generated by model-based simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relative-bias-rb-and-relative-root-mean-squared-1mxm89uy.png Table 3. Relative bias (RB) and relative root mean squared error (RRMSE) for the EMAP data. Areas are arranged in order of increasing sample size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-huc-values-of-actual-rmse-solid-line-and-average-1r32bcy4.png Figure 1. HUC values of actual RMSE (solid line) and average estimated RMSE (dashed line and dotted line) obtained in the design-based simulations. Values for the MSE estimator (12) are indicated by the dotted line and by while those for the pseudo-linearization MSE estimator (16) are indicated by the dashed line and by . The plots show the results for (a) the NPEBLUP, (b) the NPSYN and (c) the NPMBDE predictors. HUCs are ordered by increasing sample size. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-across-areas-distribution-of-arbias-generated-by-16k4xye5.png Table 1. Across areas distribution of ARBias generated by model-based simulations. https://scispace.com/papers/small-byzantine-quorum-systems-41bdbydz6v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sbq-protocol-for-self-verifying-data-umnmnhsh.png Figure 2. SBQ protocol for self-verifying data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sbq-protocol-for-generic-non-selfverifying-data-2aqgsbwd.png Figure 1. SBQ protocol for generic (non-selfverifying) data https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-protocols-tolerating-byzantine-failures-4gh7773g.png Table 1. Summary of protocols tolerating Byzantine failures for different network models. https://scispace.com/papers/small-power-load-disaggregation-in-office-buildings-based-on-i80njjt2gh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-overall-accuracy-for-individual-loads-recognition-2yw81cwx.png TABLE II OVERALL ACCURACY FOR INDIVIDUAL LOADS RECOGNITION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-decision-tree-code-in-knime-25pfiyb5.png Fig. 1. Decision Tree code in KNIME https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-signatures-averages-and-standard-deviation-for-each-25q85gd4.png TABLE I SIGNATURES AVERAGES AND STANDARD DEVIATION FOR EACH APPLIANCE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-code-work-flow-woudkkel.png Fig. 2. Code work flow https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-overall-accuracy-for-workstation-aggregated-load-2zkxltc2.png TABLE X OVERALL ACCURACY FOR WORKSTATION AGGREGATED LOAD RECOGNITION: RANDOM LOAD https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-overall-accuracy-for-workstation-aggregated-load-3gqc9qao.png TABLE IX OVERALL ACCURACY FOR WORKSTATION AGGREGATED LOAD RECOGNITION: SMALL LOADS https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-overall-accuracy-for-workstation-aggregated-load-17wuqyqu.png TABLE VIII OVERALL ACCURACY FOR WORKSTATION AGGREGATED LOAD RECOGNITION: INDIVIDUAL LOADS https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-overall-accuracy-for-kitchen-aggregated-load-1u3325wn.png TABLE V OVERALL ACCURACY FOR KITCHEN AGGREGATED LOAD RECOGNITION: LOAD OVERLAPPING https://scispace.com/papers/small-molecule-inhibition-of-mettl3-as-a-strategy-against-4erhfityc0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2e-dose-dependent-inhibition-of-m6a-on-poly-a-enriched-hzybouql.png Fig. 2e). Dose-dependent inhibition of m6A on poly-A+-enriched RNA from mouse spleens 94 confirmed a clear relationship between compound exposure and target inhibition in vivo 95 https://scispace.com/papers/small-scale-response-of-plant-species-to-land-use-2k24i4h7ny 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-land-use-types-and-diversity-indices-in-six-2sn0k15w.png Table 1. Land-use types and diversity indices in six landscape units (means ± standard errors S.E.) https://scispace.com/papers/small-scale-spatial-variability-of-bare-ice-albedo-at-2302k7wovg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-the-surface-characteristics-along-g5x6d07l.png Table 2. Description of the surface characteristics along each profile line, as well as number of spectra collected along the line and number of pixels intersected by the line in band 3 (B3) of the Sentinel and Landsat scenes, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-same-data-as-in-fig-8-but-showing-individual-2tyd05er.png Figure 9. Same data as in Fig. 8 but showing individual sampling points without grouping by common satellite pixels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-each-subplot-on-the-left-shows-the-spectra-along-a-2qb9c4yz.png Figure 3. Each subplot on the left shows the spectra along a profile line. The bold black lines highlight the mean spectral reflectance (HCRF) in each profile. Photos of the ice surface along p3 and p11 are shown on the right for visual context. Photos were taken at the time of the respective measurements by Andrea Fischer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-band-names-and-respective-wavelength-range-and-pf62yqah.png Table 3. Band names and respective wavelength range and resolution for Landsat and Sentinel as used in this study. Pearson correlation given for mean band values of ground measurements and associated satellite data. For Landsat, the solar zenith and azimuth angles given in the surface reflectance image are listed. The view zenith angle is hardcoded to 0 in the Land Surface Reflectance Code (LaSRC_1.3.0) for the Landsat surface reflectance product, as per the LaSRC documentation (USGS, 2020). For Sentinel, the incidence angles refer to the mean viewing zenith and azimuth angles for each band. The solar angles are the averages for all bands. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-jamtalferner-as-seen-in-the-sentinel-a-and-landsat-2v0g2bl4.png Figure 2. Jamtalferner as seen in the Sentinel (a) and Landsat (b) scenes used in this study. The images shown here are composites of bands 2, 3, and 4 of each satellite’s L2A surface reflectance product displayed at a resolution of 10 and 30 m (Sentinel and Landsat, respectively) per pixel. Profiles where reflectance spectra were collected are marked in red. Coordinate reference system – EPSG:32632. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-number-of-ground-measurements-per-unique-2tck917g.png Figure 8. The number of ground measurements per unique satellite value (x axis) is plotted against the difference between the median of these ground measurements in the respective wavelength band and the corresponding satellite value (y axis); i.e. values that are positive in the vertical axis represent cases where ground reflectance is higher than satellite-derived reflectance, whereas negative values represent the opposite. Different colours represent the different satellite bands, as indicated by the legends next to the plots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-spread-of-the-sentinel-band-3-wavelength-range-542-28cefh1p.png Figure 7. Spread of the Sentinel band-3 (wavelength range: 542.5–577.5 nm) mean values of the measured spectra, grouped by profile. Orange and teal circles show corresponding mean pixel values of data extracted from Landsat and Sentinel pixels at the sampling sites of the spectra, respectively. The boxes represent the first and third quartile. The whiskers represent 1.5× the interquartile range; the + symbols are outliers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-glacier-tongue-of-jamtalferner-orthophoto-august-388tqsex.png Figure 1. Glacier tongue of Jamtalferner (Orthophoto, August 2015, Source: Tyrolean Government/TIRIS) with profile lines of spectroradiometer measurements indicated in red. Insert: aerial photograph of Jamtalferner, 20 September 2018 (Photo: Andrea Fischer). https://scispace.com/papers/small-scale-fish-farming-in-seasonal-ponds-in-brazil-1nvm06l2et 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-the-study-site-139zejcu.png Figure 1. Location of the study site. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pearson-correlation-coefficients-for-the-16717cxv.png Table 2. Pearson correlation coefficients for the relationships between water quality parameters during one production cycle of tambatinga (♀Colossoma macropomum × ♂Piaractus brachypomus) in seasonal ponds. T: temperature; WT: water transparency; DO: dissolved oxygen; A: ammonia; CD: carbon dioxide; Alk: alkalinity; N: nitrite. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rainfall-frequency-during-one-production-cycle-of-1tv4bob6.png Table 3. Rainfall frequency during one production cycle of tambatinga (♀Colossoma macropomum × ♂Piaractus brachypomus) in seasonal ponds. NQ: not quantified. *Month following the end of the production cycle or monitoring. **Different letters indicate different farms, and different numbers indicate more than one production unit within a given farm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-initial-at-53-days-of-cultivation-maximum-and-9w020eio.png Table 4. Mean initial (at 53 days of cultivation), maximum and final fish weight, daily weight gain, time of cultivation, and fish pond preparation procedures performed. *Different letters in the same column indicate different farms, and different numbers indicate more than one production unit within a given farm. **Time between the beginning of the production cycle and the time when the animals reached the highest weight. ***Calculated for the period between the beginning of the production cycle and the time when the animals reached the highest weight. ****Production cycle ended early due to problems with the production unit. abMeans followed by different letters within the same column are significantly different according to Tukey’s test (P < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-weight-growth-curve-line-and-weight-gain-bars-of-130lcub5.png Figure 3. Weight growth curve (line) and weight gain (bars) of tambatinga (♀Colossoma macropomum x ♂Piaractus brachypomus) grown in seasonal ponds. The “x” indicates the last rainfall. A, B, C, D, E, F, G indicate the different farms, and different numbers indicate more than one production unit within a given farm. *Cultivation ended early due to problems with the production unit. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-seasonal-ponds-monitored-during-one-production-cycle-10r8d4hv.png Table 1. Seasonal ponds monitored during one production cycle of tambatinga (♀Colossoma macropomum x ♂Piaractus brachypomus). Pond surface area, stocking density, water quality parameters (mean ± standard deviation), and fish mortality for the different studied production units. NQ: not quantified; *Different letters indicate different farms, and different numbers indicate more than one production unit within a given farm. **Collection of the dissolved oxygen data began on 16 May 2013. ***All the production units presented toxic ammonia below 0.02 mg L-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-amount-of-fish-produced-in-the-studied-farms-and-362bomuu.png Figure 4. Amount of fish produced in the studied farms and fish consumption by the farmers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlation-between-weight-and-water-parameters-of-2bowno53.png Table 5. Correlation between weight and water parameters of tambatinga (♀Colossoma macropomum x ♂Piaractus brachypomus) production in seasonal ponds. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. https://scispace.com/papers/small-scale-testing-of-plutonium-iv-oxalate-precipitation-2do76xe3ri 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-6-ms-signals-linear-scale-from-tga-ms-analysis-of-26vp5y5z.png Figure 3-6. MS Signals (linear scale) from TGA-MS Analysis of Sample B3-1a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-5-particle-size-analysis-for-batch-d5-b-puo2-2scc1g0f.png Figure C-5. Particle Size Analysis for Batch D5-B PuO2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-4-specific-surface-area-measurements-with-3hj90aew.png Table A-4. Specific Surface Area Measurements with Uncertainties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-typical-sem-results-for-pu-oxalate-1vm2y9uz.png Figure 3-4. Typical SEM Results for Pu Oxalate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-typical-sem-results-for-puo2-3mc1ehgb.png Figure 3-3. Typical SEM Results for PuO2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-tga-mass-measurement-for-sample-b3-1a-13cngmx9.png Figure 3-5. TGA Mass Measurement for Sample B3-1a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-1-particle-size-analysis-for-batch-1-puo2-1vken5lp.png Figure C-1. Particle Size Analysis for Batch 1 PuO2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-precipitation-conditions-2g7bqnff.png Table 3-2. Precipitation Conditions https://scispace.com/papers/small-scale-water-recycling-systems-risk-assessment-and-1od9ydf3ir 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-of-the-risk-model-mx2o8frb.png Figure 2 Schematic of the risk model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-pump-failure-on-dissolved-oxygen-xjkk7nez.png Figure 5 Effect of pump failure on dissolved oxygen concentration in header tank for a range of temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-pump-failure-on-anaerobic-cod-release-2f7xmfme.png Figure 6 Effect of pump failure on anaerobic COD release rate in header tank for a range of temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-of-hazop-consequences-causes-resulting-ck2zt08b.png Figure 4 Schematic of HAZOP consequences/causes resulting from deviations in operation of single house greywater recycling system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effect-of-filter-cleaning-frequency-on-greywater-1pl758ed.png Figure 7 Effect of filter cleaning frequency on % greywater recycled https://scispace.com/papers/small-scale-variations-in-mussel-mytilus-spp-dynamics-and-3tn5aoi0ru 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-35bvl5uy.png FIGURE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3i169nu6.png FIGURE 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-b6c870a2.png FIGURE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-annual-mytilus-spp-production-g-wet-weight-m-2-yr-1-9dx5w4xt.png Table 1. Annual Mytilus spp. production (g wet weight m-2 yr-1), mean annual tissue biomass (gWW m-2), mean annual density (ind. m-2) and P/B ratio (yr-1) from July 1979 to July 1980 for different shore levels at Pointe-Mitis. Increment summation production confidence intervals were assessed by bootstrap method (see text for details) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-some-annual-mytilid-growth-production-kj-m-2-yr-1-3c5ftdx7.png Table 2. Some annual Mytilid growth production (kJ m-2 yr-1) and P/B ratios (yr-1) reported in the literature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-37pyktrj.png FIGURE 2 https://scispace.com/papers/small-size-and-low-cost-wideband-800-mhz-delay-line-tunable-29hb6qsr4g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-relation-between-simulated-target-distances-and-1rb2xscj.png Table I. Relation between simulated target distances and delays, and selected technologies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-delay-line-architecture-1gllq60l.png Fig. 6. Delay line architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-group-delay-simulations-of-the-whole-delay-line-a-from-1u340696.png Fig. 7. Group delay simulations of the whole delay line, (a) from 53.3 ns to 853 ns, (b) from 1.33 ns to 26.7 ns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-radar-target-simulator-principle-4depdd9i.png Fig. 1. Radar Target Simulator principle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-insertion-losses-and-group-delay-measurements-of-a-13bxko4x.png Fig. 4. Insertion losses and group delay measurements of a LTCC delay line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-s21-parameter-and-group-delay-values-of-1vo54geu.png Fig. 3. Experimental S21 parameter and group delay values of the RF-optical-RF prototype. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-measurements-of-insertion-losses-and-group-delay-of-a-3exvjl1l.png Fig. 2. Measurements of insertion losses and group delay of a SAW filter. https://scispace.com/papers/small-suppression-of-the-complete-fusion-of-the-li-6-zr-96-2hid7buv3d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-online-g-ray-spectrum-depicting-the-g-lines-of-3i7ou88n.png FIG. 1. Typical online γ -ray spectrum depicting the γ lines of different evaporation residues via complete fusion in the 6Li + 96Zr system at the bombarding energy of 28 MeV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-ratio-of-individual-channel-cross-2xav24d9.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Ratio of individual channel cross sections to the CF cross sections as a function of beam energy for 6Li + 96Zr. The dot lines represent the theoretical estimation of PACE2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-complete-and-total-fusion-cross-sections-3r4ujlf0.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Complete and total fusion cross sections at energies near the Coulomb barrier for the 6Li + 96Zr system. The dashed line represents the coupled channel calculations multiplied by 0.75. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-the-cross-sections-of-cf-lower-limits-of-cross-3n2psj64.png TABLE V. The cross sections of CF, lower limits of cross sections of ICF and TF for 6Li+ 96Zr system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-the-lower-limits-of-cross-sections-for-each-of-icf-193rrmdg.png TABLE IV. The lower limits of cross sections for each of ICF evaporation channels of 6Li+ 96Zr system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-measured-complete-incomplete-and-total-11xpzy1u.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Measured complete, incomplete, and total fusion cross section at near the Coulomb barrier energies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-characteristic-g-rays-used-in-the-icf-calculation-1xtfhyh6.png TABLE III. Characteristic γ rays used in the ICF calculation. https://scispace.com/papers/small-semi-weakly-universal-turing-machines-2gvhzw4f5w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-table-of-behaviour-foru37-the-start-state-isu1-and-15otga4k.png Table 3.1. Table of behaviour forU3,7. The start state isu1 and the blank symbol isB. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-table-of-behaviour-foru45-the-start-state-isu1-and-wlm9cva3.png Table 4.1. Table of behaviour forU4,5. The start state isu1 and the blank symbol isB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-state-symbol-plot-of-the-smallest-universal-turing-18xtg8dy.png Figure 1. State-symbol plot of the smallest universal Turing machines to date. Our new semi-weak machines are shown as solid diamonds and Watanabe’s are shown as hollow diamonds. Simulation time overheads are specified. The non-universal curve shows standard machines that are known to have a decidable halting problem. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-table-of-behaviour-foru213-the-start-state-isu1-34zagjjz.png Table 5.1. Table of behaviour forU2,13. The start state isu1 and the blank symbol isB. https://scispace.com/papers/small-surface-pretilt-strikingly-affects-the-director-jbncj0krrz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measured-symbols-and-modeled-lines-angle-of-conoscopic-24q76jk3.png FIG. 4. Measured (symbols) and modeled (lines) angle of conoscopic interference figure rotation for 5CB aligned with 0 2 (splayed) and 0 87 , for flow in the easy direction (solid line) and the hard direction (dashed line). The modulus of the difference is also plotted (dotted line) showing the small discrepancy in the bulk azimuthal distortion at low flow rates for opposite flow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-modeled-azimuthal-director-distortion-as-a-function-of-d7rurkf6.png FIG. 5. Modeled azimuthal director distortion as a function of cell depth and flow velocity for a cell aligned at 0 ¼ 87 in a parallel surface pretilt geometry. The asymmetry is shown for the lowest flow rate with an azimuthal distortion to 67 (a shift of 20 from 0 ¼ 87 ) in the lower half of the cell and a maximum distortion to an azimuthal angle of 103 (a shift of 16 from 0 ¼ 87 ) in the upper half. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-modeled-director-tilt-profiles-for-both-the-a-parallel-2pum78vs.png FIG. 6. Modeled director tilt profiles for both the (a) parallel and (b) splayed starting director profiles. Both graphs show how the director tilt angle evolves as the flow rate is increased as a function of cell depth. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-measured-symbols-and-modeled-solid-line-angle-of-34we7v2w.png FIG. 3. Measured (symbols) and modeled (solid line) angle of conoscopic interference figure rotation for 5CB aligned with 0 2 (parallel) and 0 87 to the direction of pressuredriven flow. A striking optical response is seen to occur, with the conoscopic figure distorting through an azimuthal minimum due to asymmetric distortions about z ¼ d=2. The inset highlights the difference in average azimuthal distortion between the parallel and splayed pretilt conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-schematic-diagram-representing-the-2axlytlj.png FIG. 2 (color online). A schematic diagram representing the difference in velocity profiles in a cell under sheared flow (on the left) and under pressure-driven flow on the right, where v is the velocity of the sheared plate, d is the cell thickness, and P1 [pressure in a given (y-z) plane] is greater than P2. A standard coordinate system is also shown, with director orientation defined by two polar angles ( ; ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-diagram-representing-the-difference-3mpq5zxd.png FIG. 1. A schematic diagram representing the difference between the initial splayed and parallel director alignments in a nematic flow cell. For this figure, the flow direction can be visualized as either into or out of the page, noting that experiments were carried out at 0 87 , i.e., initial azimuthal alignment distorted 3 into the page. https://scispace.com/papers/smallholder-income-and-land-distribution-in-africa-2eil02ym01 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-log-of-per-capita-income-by-per-capita-land-owned-280w7qeb.png Figure 1. Log of Per Capita Income by Per Capita Land Owned https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-smallholder-income-and-poverty-in-selected-african-2m0qvwe0.png Table 2. Smallholder Income and Poverty in Selected African Countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentage-of-total-variations-in-household-per-2x3doauo.png Table 3. Percentage of Total Variations in Household Per Capita Income Explained by Geographic Factors https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-smallholder-land-distribution-in-selected-african-3qvygrcs.png Table 4. Smallholder Land Distribution in Selected African Countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-household-land-access-and-land-access-per-capita-18omppjo.png Table 5. Household Land Access and Land Access Per Capita Model Results: OLS Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-land-to-person-ratio-10-year-average-in-selected-8hjq1j1c.png Table 1. Land to Person Ratio (10 year average) in Selected Countries https://scispace.com/papers/smallholder-involvement-in-tree-crops-in-malaya-with-special-4iaz65ew0r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-singapore-wholesale-prices-copra-and-coconut-oil-5woodxnn.png Figure 1. Singapore: wholesale prices, copra and coconut oil, 1923-1934, deflated by the Sugimoto Consumer Price Index (1928=100). Source: Appendix 2.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-ayer-hitam-oil-palm-smallholder-cluster-1u0df4lw.png Table 2. The Ayer Hitam oil palm smallholder cluster, September 1941. Source: CL&M 584/41, CLR Muar to CL&M Johore, 8.9.1941 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-malayan-smallholders-copra-approximate-time-for-ssdnz77h.png Table 1. Malayan smallholders’ copra: approximate time for various operations, circa 1930. Source: F. Cooke, "Copra Deterioration During Storage and Shipment." Malayan Agricultural Journal 27, no. 11 (1939), 425. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-malaya-copra-cake-trade-1930-1941-source-appendix-6-g2j64sje.png Figure 3. Malaya: copra cake trade, 1930-1941. Source: Appendix 6.2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-malaya-palm-oil-exports-1947-1954-source-appendix-3-drjcscvx.png Table 3. Malaya: palm oil exports, 1947-1954. Source: Appendix 3.3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-johor-land-planted-with-oil-palms-right-axis-and-1wakyahd.png Figure 2. Johor: land planted with oil palms (right axis), and annual export values per ton, Malaya (left axis), 1927-1935. Sources: Appendices 2.1, 5.1. https://scispace.com/papers/smart-charging-impact-on-electric-vehicles-in-presence-of-3qph4s4nlj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-smart-charging-actors-2yih4f92.png Fig. 1: Smart charging actors https://scispace.com/papers/smart-cities-and-smart-tourism-what-future-do-they-bring-luaalgct9p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-information-about-the-interviewees-in-the-focus-6d3zo0pb.png Table 2. Information about the interviewees in the focus group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-ek2oorwk.png Table 1. (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-six-pillars-of-smart-cities-based-on-8-3ijytaao.png Fig. 1. The six pillars of Smart Cities (based on [8]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-questions-and-answers-of-the-questionnaire-2xhbte5g.png Table 1. (continued) https://scispace.com/papers/smart-distributed-energy-storage-controller-smartdesc-1w1yrwemhr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-of-the-communication-module-3oyg5j1e.png Figure 3: Schematic of the communication module. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-simulation-results-with-smartdesc-controlled-ewhs-s-2kdgwhq7.png Figure 7: Simulation results with smartDESC controlled EWHs (s-EWHs) as opposed to traditional thermostatically controlled EWHs (t-EWHs) in a more complex scenario with forecasts on wind production; peak hours are circled in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-of-the-local-controller-of-an-ewh-3nc8f1dt.png Figure 4: Schematic of the local controller of an EWH. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simulation-results-with-smartdesc-controlled-ewhs-s-1wiwl151.png Figure 6: Simulation results with smartDESC controlled EWHs (s-EWHs) as opposed to traditional thermostatically controlled EWHs (t-EWHs) in a deterministic scenario and classical peak shaving objectives. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-temperature-profile-of-three-s-ewhs-and-percentile-2t1tt3g1.png Figure 9: Temperature profile of three s-EWHs and percentile evolution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-architecture-of-the-smartdesc-concept-1oqifdc4.png Figure 1: Architecture of the smartDESC concept. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-benefits-during-peak-hours-3hyk75c9.png Table 1: Summary of the benefits during peak hours highlighted in Figure 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-percentile-evolution-of-the-mean-temperature-of-the-ff3xf2ty.png Figure 8: Percentile evolution of the mean temperature of the s-EWHs. https://scispace.com/papers/smart-growth-and-the-transportation-land-use-connection-what-42xgssf7am 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-typical-elasticities-of-travel-with-respect-to-the-2q8jdzz0.png Table 1. Typical Elasticities of Travel with Respect to the Built Environment https://scispace.com/papers/smart-design-of-fiber-optic-surfaces-for-improved-plasmonic-2ghgzshy47 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-schematic-design-of-a-fo-tip-textured-with-au-nps-1cwo615y.png FIG. 5 (A) Schematic design of a FO tip textured with Au NPs randomly distributed on a Corresponding SEM micrographs of the textured FO tip at two different magnific https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-overview-of-the-nanoskiving-method-for-producing-and-2nm6rw07.png FIG. 6 (A) Overview of the ‘‘nanoskiving’’ method for producing and transferring metallic SEM micrographs showing two examples of prepared nanostructures: Au split rin magnifications. Adapted with permission from [73]. Copyright (2011) American C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-common-fo-spr-sensing-probe-configurations-a-fo-3l4yt7ob.png FIG. 1 Two common FO-SPR sensing probe configurations: (A) FO with an intermediate sen through the FO (‘‘forward scattering’’ mode); (B) FO with a sensitive zone prepare reflected back by the FO ‘‘mirror-like’’ prepared tip (‘‘backward scattering’’ mode). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sem-micrographs-of-a-fo-tip-subsequently-patterned-by-i0y3uryh.png FIG. 7 SEM micrographs of a FO tip, subsequently patterned by: (A) EBL, resulting in an ar Reprinted with permissions from [81] (A) and [83] (B). Copyrights (2010) MDPI an https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-design-of-a-tilted-bragg-grating-based-fo-msau26vh.png FIG. 2 Schematic design of a tilted Bragg grating-based FO-SPR sensing probe. Adapted with permission from [45]. Copyright (2011) American Chemical https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-the-mfo-schematic-design-showing-the-structure-of-a-1go4j6xo.png FIG. 9 (A) The MFO schematic design (showing the structure of a SCF) with Au NPs attache MFO inner walls coated with Au NPs (spheres with diameters of 30 nm). Reprinte https://scispace.com/papers/smart-materials-in-architecture-1286dj6xai 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-charles-sowers-installation-at-randall-museum-in-2e0eztzl.png Figure 4. Charles Sowers’ installation at Randall Museum in San Francisco. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-charles-sowers-installation-at-randall-museum-in-1fhqcyux.png Figure 5. Charles Sowers’ installation at Randall Museum in San Francisco. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-insulating-transparent-aerogel-comp7jh3.png Figure 1. Insulating transparent aerogel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-6-um-diameter-carbon-filament-running-from-bottom-1ccgteqm.png Figure 2. A 6 µm diameter carbon filament (running from bottom left to top right) siting atop the much larger human hair. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-smart-window-15pcqngc.png Figure 6. Smart window. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pv-panels-3ga20qkm.png Figure 7. PV panels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-guggenheim-museum-bilbao-pdllvphq.png Figure 3. Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao. https://scispace.com/papers/smart-nanotechnologies-to-target-tumor-with-deep-penetration-484dly8qsm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-schematic-illustration-about-the-effect-of-2lqucedq.png Figure 11. Schematic Illustration about the effect of losartan and the pH sensitive liposomes (PTX-ClLip) in tumor area. Reproduced with permission.[108] Copyright 2015, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-summary-of-recent-size-surface-charge-switch-upon-na7maf4i.png Table 1. A summary of recent size/surface charge switch upon pH stimulus. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-a-summary-of-recent-multi-strategies-combined-nps-neoteei7.png Table 7. A summary of recent multi-strategies combined NPs for tumoral deep penetration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-diagram-indicating-the-main-triggers-currently-29wytrp4.png Figure 4. Diagram indicating the main triggers currently being researched for multistage NPs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-a-acid-triggered-activation-of-fluorescence-and-2ncaiczk.png Figure 16. (A) Acid-triggered activation of fluorescence and photodynamic properties of iPAPD NPs (fluorescence imaging was performed at Ex = 640 nm and Em = 680 nm for Ce6). (B) Quantitative examination of DOX distribution in the tumor xenograft 2 or 24 h postinjection (*** p < 0.01). (C) In vivo antitumor performance of ATLP NPs. TUNEL staining of the tumor sections. Reproduced with permission.[177] Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-physico-chemical-characterization-of-a-drug-2w0znc4n.png Figure 3. Physico-chemical characterization of a drug. Reproduced with permission.[197] Copyright 2015, Journal of Controlled Release. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-a-summary-of-recent-deep-penetrated-nps-with-2s2w8sma.png Table 8. A summary of recent deep penetrated NPs with theranostic function. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-schematic-graphs-of-the-tumor-microenvironment-and-3w0t8a93.png Figure 12. Schematic graphs of the tumor microenvironment and nanotherapeutics delivery to tumors rich in vessels and ECM before and after celecoxib treatment. Before celecoxib treatment, the tumor vessels were leaky and compressed by tumor ECM and TAF, which were a main contributor to the heterogeneous perfusion in tumors and, accordingly, the compromised nanotherapeutics delivery to tumors. As a comparison, celecoxib treatment reduced TAF, disrupted tumor ECM, and repaired tumor vessels to enhance their maturity, which ultimately improved tumor perfusion and enhanced tumor nanotherapeutics delivery. Reproduced with permission.[127] Copyright 2017, Scientific Reports. https://scispace.com/papers/smart-quick-coupling-system-for-safe-equipment-attachment-5bivqfemsi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-semi-synthetic-tests-3r6pl0zg.png Table 1: Results of semi-synthetic tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-semi-synthetic-tests-featuring-39g1zg85.png Table 2: Results of semi-synthetic tests featuring interference through a metallic boom https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-practical-field-tests-1u42cfis.png Table 3: Results of practical field tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-passive-rfid-tag-mounting-positions-126xzc02.png Figure 5. Passive RFID tag mounting positions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-mounting-positions-of-antennas-at-the-excavators-hawio4il.png Figure 8. Mounting positions of antennas at the excavator’s cabin and on the boom https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematic-test-setup-for-semi-synthetic-test-33cftaca.png Figure 6. Schematic test setup for semi-synthetic test featuring an interference through a boom https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mounting-positions-of-reader-antenna-3t8kcn11.png Figure 7. Mounting positions of reader-antenna https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-mounting-positions-of-the-uhf-rfid-tags-on-bucket-1oou3rhf.png Figure 9. Mounting positions of the UHF-RFID tags on bucket (illustrated in green, blue, red) https://scispace.com/papers/smart-sentinel-monitoring-and-prevention-system-in-the-smart-4tsdmqd7dz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-setup-mode-30jk18uy.png Fig. 5. Setup Mode https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-help-screen-25d54cn1.png Fig. 8. Help Screen https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-smart-sentinel-on-smart-city-architecture-1e09hy7o.png Fig. 1. Smart Sentinel on Smart City architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-smart-sentinel-internal-level-on-smart-city-1mlx2cmi.png Fig. 2. Smart Sentinel internal level on Smart City architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spatial-mode-8zu8w2ul.png Fig. 3. Spatial Mode https://scispace.com/papers/smart-suds-recognising-the-multiple-benefit-potential-of-2kdnqm2sk2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-greenspace-map-at-ardler-b-map-of-ardler-with-the-nik8589r.png Figure 1: a) Greenspace Map at Ardler b) Map of Ardler with the different coloured flags placed by participants to identify https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-ecosystem-provided-by-suds-b-ppgis-results-at-3fg8yolk.png Figure 2: a) Ecosystem provided by SUDS; b) PPGIS results at Ardler; c) Residents opinion aboout Ardler https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cs-at-ardler-and-their-measurement-1izotjrw.png Table 1: CS at Ardler and their measurement https://scispace.com/papers/smart-zif-l-mesh-films-with-switchable-superwettability-zn0su7l05k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fabrication-and-morphology-of-the-zif-l-coated-mesh-a-3d4it0mk.png Fig. 1. Fabrication and morphology of the ZIF-L coated mesh. a) Schematic illustration of the fabrication process of ZIF-L coated meshes. SEM image of b) the pristine stainless steel mesh, c) an enlarged view of the pristine stainless steel mesh surface, d) the ZIF-L seeded mesh wire, e) the ZIF-L coated mesh, f) a cross-sectional view of the ZIF-L film, and g) a close top-view of the intergrown ZIF-L nanoplates on the mesh wire. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-illustration-of-the-liquid-wetting-modes-on-2nq55yxt.png Fig. 5. Schematic illustration of the liquid-wetting modes on the hierarchical ZIF-L coated mesh. a) The mesh showed superhydrophilicity in air, and water can permeate through the mesh because Δp < 0; b) the mesh displayed underwater superoleophobicity because water was trapped between the ZIF-L nanosheets, and oil can be sustained because Δp > 0; c) the mesh was superoleophilic in air and was permeable to oil because Δp < 0; d) the mesh was superhydrophobic underoil because oil was trapped between the ZIF-L nanosheets, and water cannot pass through because Δp > 0; e) oil column (cyclohexane) above the ZIF-L coated mesh; f) the intrusion pressure (Δpe) of the ZIF-L coated mesh for a series of oils; g) wettability of the mesh in an acidic and alkaline environment; and h) comparison of the reported fabrication conditions (temperature and time) of superwetting meshes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-oil-water-separation-performance-of-the-zif-l-coated-1z4zxvnb.png Fig. 4. Oil/water separation performance of the ZIF-L coated mesh. a) Permeate flux and separation efficiency of the ZIF-L coated mesh for a series of oil/water mixtures, b) the influence of growth time of ZIF-L on the separation performance, c) permeate flux and separation efficiency of mesh with different mesh numbers, and d) permeate flux and separation efficiency variations of the ZIF-L coated mesh in a cyclic test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-switchable-separation-process-of-the-zif-l-coated-mesh-yxdgky8m.png Fig. 3. Switchable separation process of the ZIF-L coated mesh. a) Schematic illustration of the prewetting induced switchable separation property of the ZIF-L coated mesh and b) photographs of one cycle of the switchable gravity-driven oil/water separation process. When prewetted by water, the mesh works under the “oil-blocking” mode, and thus oil (cyclohexane, dyed with Oil red) was rejected. When prewetted by oil (cyclohexane), the mesh switches to the “water-blocking” mode: water (dyed with methyl blue) was rejected while oil can permeate through the mesh film. In water-blocking separation, a heavier oil, dichloromethane (dyed with Oil red), was used for better visualization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-surface-wetting-performance-of-the-zif-l-coated-mesh-a-2zrob69f.png Fig. 2. Surface wetting performance of the ZIF-L coated mesh. a) In-air water contact angle, b) underwater oil (cyclohexane) contact angle, c) in-air oil contact angle, d) underoil water contact angle, e) underwater oil droplets (chloroform) on the ZIF-L coated mesh, f) schematic illustration of oil wetting on the ZIF-L coated mesh with a micro-hierarchical structure in water, g) under-oil water droplets on the ZIF-L coated mesh, h) schematic illustration of water wetting on the ZIF-L coated mesh with a micro/nano-hierarchical structure in oil, i) underwater oil contact angles of various oils, and j) underoil water contact angle under different oils. https://scispace.com/papers/smarterized-urban-project-process-with-living-lab-approach-3z6mptzk9u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-synthesis-of-the-approach-hdj12vk7.png Fig. 1 : Synthesis of the approach https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-data-collection-from-the-focus-groups-1er9yz6i.png TABLE I. DATA COLLECTION FROM THE FOCUS GROUPS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simplified-model-of-urban-project-process-2or3onqp.png Fig. 2: Simplified model of urban project process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-exploratory-model-of-dialogue-between-the-14l35d54.png Figure 4: Exploratory "model of dialogue" between the operational management of the urban project and Living Lab project-mode and ecosystem https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ecosystem-of-the-urban-project-interacting-with-living-11st3xw7.png Fig. 3: Ecosystem of the urban project interacting with Living Lab https://scispace.com/papers/smartcleaner-identify-and-clean-off-target-signals-in-smart-1ves2bly2n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-smartcleaner-in-se-mode-a-two-examples-showing-the-3gchn1vh.png Fig. 3 SMARTcleaner in SE mode. a Two examples showing the cleaning results of SE mode at one poly(T) and one poly(A) locus. b Cleaning result in a genomic region. c, d Genome-wide reads distribution near the poly(T/A) sites before (red and blue lines) and after (green lines) cleaning. e Percentages of removed reads at poly(T/A) sites in samples prepared by ligation or SMART protocols. The sample order is the same as in Fig. 2e https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-smartcleaner-in-pe-mode-a-pe-reads-mapped-to-a-poly-t-ber7hjep.png Fig. 2 SMARTcleaner in PE mode. a PE reads mapped to a poly(T) and a poly(A) locus before (raw) and after cleaning. b A genomic region showing the read densities before and after cleaning. The “called peaks” refer to pre-cleaning peaks called using MACS2. c, d Genome-wide read distribution at poly(T/A) sites before (red and blue lines) and after (green lines) cleaning. e Percentages of removed reads at poly(T/A) sites in each sample. The samples from left to right are SRR3229030, SRR3286889, SRR3286890, SRR3286891, SRR3229031, SRR3286910, and SRR3286911 (Additional file 1: Table S1, Dataset 1) https://scispace.com/papers/smarttrolley-an-experimental-mobile-platform-for-indoor-3cln4r2z2c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-internal-components-of-the-ez-wheel-gen2-self-1sy6u57i.png Fig. 2. Internal components of the ez-Wheel Gen2 self-contained motorized wheel, top right: The assembled Gen2 wheel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-smarttrolleys-fusion-architecture-2o7x5ncg.png Fig. 5. The SmartTrolley’s fusion architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-first-prototype-of-our-smarttrolley-experimental-1k00wmej.png Fig. 6. The first prototype of our SmartTrolley experimental mobile platform, in the test room. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-ndt-pso-generated-maps-from-the-two-lidars-with-1p0u83tv.png Fig. 7. The NDT-PSO generated maps from the two LiDARs, with associated poses, and the odometry (distance unit is meters). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bottom-view-of-the-main-components-of-our-mobile-3qsg6u73.png Fig. 1. Bottom view of the main components of our mobile trolley. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-mean-absolute-error-mae-and-mean-squared-error-mse-2fv3vfv9.png TABLE I MEAN ABSOLUTE ERROR (MAE) AND MEAN SQUARED ERROR (MSE), CALCULATED BETWEEN THE FUSED AND THE INPUT DATA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-ekf-fused-trajectory-alongside-with-the-input-data-2idmuit1.png Fig. 8. The EKF fused trajectory, alongside with the input data from odometry and two LiDARs poses (distance unit is meters), the starting position is marked with a red star. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-used-equipments-a-the-s300-standard-lidar-b-the-nuvo-9kodkr76.png Fig. 3. Used equipments, (a) the S300 Standard LiDAR, (b) the Nuvo-7002LP embedded computer. https://scispace.com/papers/smartphone-guide-technology-in-cultural-spaces-measuring-wt1cuweww0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-plan-of-holy-trinity-church-with-points-of-interest-2yjsfze5.png Figure 4. Plan of Holy Trinity Church with points of interest marked https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-scores-on-the-five-church-experience-scale-ces-tkfaa8y0.png Figure 5. Mean scores on the five Church Experience Scale (CES) factors for Guided Tour, Free Choice Guide and No Guide conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analysis-of-mmgs-factors-in-relation-to-the-midpoint-313cl9ef.png Table 2 Analysis of MMGS factors in relation to the midpoint of the rating scale https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-main-menu-for-the-iphone-guide-to-holy-trinity-be1td5w8.png Figure 1. Main menu for the iPhone Guide to Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-uponAvon https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-full-screen-interactive-panorama-of-the-interior-of-3h5xzwmq.png Figure 3. Full screen interactive panorama of the interior of Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-upon-Avon with point of interest icon https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-point-of-interest-screen-shakespeares-memorial-3n6daadq.png Figure 2. Point of interest screen: Shakespeare’s memorial https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-analysis-of-ces-factors-in-relation-to-the-midpoint-l28aiuwo.png Table 1 Analysis of CES factors in relation to the midpoint of the rating scale https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-scores-on-the-three-multimedia-guide-scale-fqbgzj56.png Figure 6. Mean scores on the three Multimedia Guide Scale (MMGS) factors for Guided Tour and Free Choice Guide conditions https://scispace.com/papers/smartorch-an-adaptive-orchestration-system-for-human-machine-ozvkcy5451 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-number-of-allocated-users-ns3e3bh2.png Figure 5: Number of allocated users https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-driver-welfare-for-different-population-sizes-and-pgvbdzkd.png Table 2: Driver welfare for different population sizes and reputation threshold values https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computation-times-in-seconds-of-system-g-tg-and-pocwnmun.png Table 1: Computation times (in seconds) of system G (tG) and SmartOrch (tparallel) for different population sizes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-drivers-welfare-246b381e.png Figure 4: Drivers welfare https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-team-task-protocol-adapted-from-15-swimlanes-2k78vk4o.png Figure 1: Team task protocol, adapted from [15]. Swimlanes represent peer roles, boxes their internal processing steps, and diamonds choice points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-workflow-in-which-high-reputation-users-do-not-have-t6q4rx7x.png Figure 6: Workflow in which high-reputation users do not have accept rides explicitly https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-architecture-of-smartorch-xtpl2gi0.png Figure 2: The Architecture of SmartOrch https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-smartorch-optimizer-2vsumyel.png Figure 3: The SmartOrch Optimizer https://scispace.com/papers/smartphones-and-close-relationships-the-case-for-an-rnrqyve65b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-in-a-dyadic-context-smartphone-use-and-sns-disrupt-187gnl1v.png Figure 3. In a dyadic context, smartphone use and SNS disrupt attentional and perceptual processes, which in turn negatively influence relationship processes (e.g., self-disclosure, responsiveness) and relationship quality, which in turn negatively influences well-being. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-key-findings-on-technology-and-x51lrii8.png Table 1. Summary of key findings on technology and relationships. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-smartphone-use-and-sns-disrupt-cognitive-and-2lag0lp5.png Figure 2. Smartphone use and SNS disrupt cognitive and relationship processes, and lead (both directly and indirectly) to decreases in relationship satisfaction and well-being. The numbered paths correspond to evidence that supports these linkages (summarized in Table 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-panels-in-this-figure-organize-the-major-2ptyofch.png Figure 1. The panels in this figure organize the major sections of this paper, beginning with an analysis of the evolution of human attachment as an ancestral adaptation and the ways in which small group contexts pull for or cue the processes of self-disclosure and responsiveness (Panels A & B). The paper then describes the ways in which smartphones and their affordances provide new mediums for these processes (Panel C), relationship problems that may emerge as a consequence of the mismatch (Panel D), and potential consequences of technoference (Panel E). https://scispace.com/papers/smc5-6-an-atypical-smc-complex-with-two-ring-type-subunits-to8vne2mdc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-known-nse2-sumo-targets-ogrc7cxx.png Table 1. List of known Nse2 SUMO targets. https://scispace.com/papers/smdp-a-simple-multimedia-service-description-protocol-on-the-1q6qyxjjrd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-smdp-two-level-descriptions-10p6hxvn.png Figure 4. SMDP Two-Level Descriptions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-msap-service-level-description-3t3zaqve.png Table 1. MSAP Service Level Description https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-architecture-of-msap-3qsxf85b.png Figure 1. Architecture of MSAP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-msap-packet-containing-smdp-1coo4dyi.png Figure 3. MSAP Packet Containing SMDP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-using-msap-and-sdmp-for-multimedia-content-1r887w2d.png Figure 2. Using MSAP and SDMP for Multimedia Content Distribution https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-msap-content-level-descriptions-11ekyucx.png Table 2. MSAP Content-Level Descriptions https://scispace.com/papers/smectite-quantification-in-hydrothermally-altered-volcanic-w9je7yean0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-effect-of-preferred-orientation-on-x-ray-3sllxx8e.png Figure A.1: Effect of preferred orientation on X-ray diffraction pattern for a sample (L02) containing a large amount of heulandite (zeolite). The upper pannel shows the diffraction pattern when the powder is carefully grained and front-loaded. The lower pannel shows the diffraction pattern for the exact same powder but back-loaded. The diffraction peak of heulandite at angle 10 ◦2θ is four times higher in the lower panel and cannot be correctly fitted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-laboratory-uncertainty-and-partial-exchange-3gqzxmwv.png Figure 6: Laboratory uncertainty and "partial exchange" systematic error, as a function of the fraction of Cu-trien consumed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-d-1-smectite-content-versus-cec-after-correction-of-12sfyt7z.png Figure D.1: Smectite content versus CEC, after correction of the CEC value for the water content, based on the water loss at 105◦C. The slope and regression coefficient are indicated on the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-xrd-quantitative-analysis-using-the-bgmn-software-2io4eepy.png Figure 2: XRD quantitative analysis, using the BGMN software, for a sample containing smectite, chlorite and mixed layer chlorite-smectite. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-number-of-exchangeable-ca-ions-compared-to-na-ion-3um70c6t.png Figure 5: Number of exchangeable Ca-ions compared, to Na-ion and Mg-ion in the interlayer spaces of smectites. The relative number of exchangeable Ca versus Na is shown as a function of sampling depth. Sixteen samples, where chemical analyses by electron probe are carried out, are reported on this figure: L04 to L31 from KH1, L40-L58 from KH5 and L81-L99 from KH6. The error bar indicates the range of values found for the different smectite grains measured in each thin section. The histogram at the center shows the distribution of exchangeable Mg and Ca in four samples, as measured by ICP in the exchange solutions after reaction with Cu-trien. The sodium concentration in the solutions after exchange is not significantly higher than in the solutions before exchange (both before and after ultra-sonic bath) for any of the samples. Both types of measurements are available for two samples (L31 and L99). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-xrd-quantitative-analysis-using-the-bgmn-software-v7gdu1db.png Figure 1: XRD quantitative analysis, using the BGMN software, for sample L15 containing smectite as the only clay mineral. The resulting mineral percentages and fit quality are indicated on the graph. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-measured-cec-and-relative-laboratory-instrument-1mfcz6mh.png Figure 3: Measured CEC and relative laboratory (instrument) uncertainty as a function of the fraction of Cu-trien consumed. The circles with error bars correspond to the measured CEC (left axis) and the stars to the uncertainty, as calculated in Equation 5 (right axis). An increased fraction corresponds to an increased mass of rock initially present. Each color corresponds to one sample. The six samples used in this figure have a CEC lower than 5 meq/100g. Error bars (both positive and negative) are calculated as the product of the measured CEC by the relative uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-1-calibration-curve-absorbance-versus-theoretical-iqfpp2xn.png Figure C.1: Calibration curve (absorbance versus theoretical concentration) for the Cu-trien exchange solution. The fitted line is a linear function with an intercept forced to 0. The slope L of the linear fit and the regression coefficient are given on the figure. The absorbance is always measured at 578 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/sme-recovery-following-a-financial-crisis-does-debt-overhang-51af4o46nj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-for-main-variables-22ks2tn6.png Table 1 Summary Statistics For Main Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-marginal-effects-of-probit-model-debt-sustainability-25mw0w3n.png Table 7 Marginal Effects of Probit Model: Debt sustainability and firm financial performance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-table-distribution-of-debt-holders-amongst-irish-369xnu0n.png Figure 1 Table Distribution of Debt Holders Amongst Irish SMEs https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-debt-sustainability-and-financial-distress-relative-fkkx4k97.png Table 9 Debt Sustainability and Financial Distress – Relative Risk Ratios https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-debt-volumes-log-by-firm-groups-for-irish-smes-1pol9t5r.png Figure 2 Debt Volumes (Log) by Firm Groups for Irish SMEs https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-modelling-the-effect-of-debt-sustainability-on-qfjfqpw0.png Table 5 Modelling the Effect of Debt Sustainability on Investment – Marginal Effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-modelling-the-effect-of-debt-sustainability-on-3b2gpf9f.png Table 4 Modelling the Effect of Debt Sustainability on Employment – Marginal Effects (for Ordered Probit) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-financial-distress-index-summary-statistics-1gmn9sdg.png Table 2 Financial Distress Index – Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/papers/smelting-condition-identification-for-a-fused-magnesium-3udk1fhgrj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-setup-for-the-fmf-smelting-condition-2b450dmp.png Fig. 2. Experimental setup for the FMF smelting condition identification system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-position-of-the-fmf-sound-measurement-point-3r85qzmf.png Fig. 3. The position of the FMF sound measurement point. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-production-data-of-the-improved-feeding-process-304csfrg.png Table 6 Production data of the improved feeding process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-production-data-of-the-original-process-3s6noym1.png Table 5 Production data of the original process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-production-data-of-the-improved-feeding-process-y08wi6sf.png Table 6 Production data of the improved feeding process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-duration-comparison-of-the-four-different-fmf-1e5hqn0e.png Fig. 10 Duration comparison of the four different FMF smelting states of the improved feeding process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-lpc-parameters-in-diffenrent-smelting-states-3lb0zpf8.png Table 2 Average LPC parameters in diffenrent smelting states. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-labview-front-panel-of-the-fmf-smelting-condition-2162w6fe.png Fig. 7 LabVIEW front panel of the FMF smelting condition identification program. https://scispace.com/papers/smews-smart-and-mobile-embedded-web-server-3qmmtsaptj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-measured-performances-on-each-content-of-the-1j6fftfo.png Table I MEASURED PERFORMANCES on each content of the contacts book, for uIP, Miniweb (noted Mweb) and Smews. The speed ratio between Smews and the two reference Web servers are given. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-smews-compilation-tool-chain-2cfe0p6z.png Figure 1. Smews compilation tool-chain https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-servers-minimal-memory-consumptions-on-our-l5qdqiar.png Table II SERVERS MINIMAL MEMORY CONSUMPTIONS ON OUR REFERENCE FUNCARD (IN BYTES) https://scispace.com/papers/smithian-growth-through-creative-organization-10obrtsjir 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-dismal-case-r-r-slow-or-no-growth-373ob12t.png Figure 1: The Dismal Case (r > r∗): Slow or No Growth https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-hopeful-case-r-r-r-high-growth-1hbsyfzk.png Figure 2: The Hopeful Case (r < r∗ < r̂): High Growth https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-inequality-versus-growth-prufdb2d.png Figure 3: Inequality versus Growth https://scispace.com/papers/smokers-use-of-electronic-cigarettes-before-during-and-in-36e0ox1kpv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-current-past-7-day-e-cigarette-use-at-1-month-post-z8v4u0m0.png Table 3: Current (past 7 day) e-cigarette use at 1-month post-discharge: participant characteristics and factors associated with use. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-electronic-cigarette-use-in-the-30-days-before-pfk4rmyw.png Table 1: Electronic cigarette use in the 30 days before hospitalization and at 1-month followup: Participant baseline characteristics. https://scispace.com/papers/smokers-and-ex-smokers-have-shared-differences-in-the-neural-2dnh1gdj3q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-bold-signal-change-in-the-control-ex-smoker-gi8vclbx.png Figure 3. Mean BOLD signal change in the control, ex-smoker and smoker showing that a) ex-smokers (**p<0.01) and smokers (*p<0.05) had greater activation changes in the orbitofrontal/insular cortex compared to controls; b) ex-smokers had greater activation changes in the putamen compared to both controls (*p<0.001) and smokers (*p<0.05); c) ex-smokers (*p<0.05) had greater activation changes in the caudate compared to controls during the loss anticipation condition and d) ex-smokers and smokers had greater activation changes in the orbitofrontal/anterior insular cortex compared to controls (*p<0.05) during the gain anticipation condition. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-initial-zt-statistical-cluster-maps-generated-by-2w9okuw1.png Figure 2. Initial zT-Statistical cluster maps generated by independent t-test analyses (“Smokers” vs. Controls) in the a priori regions of interest for a) loss anticipation and b) gain anticipation showing that “smokers” had significantly greater activation changes in orbitofrontal/anterior insular cortex and striatal regions compared to controls. Statistical images were first thresholded using clusters determined by Z>2.3 with a corrected (FWE) cluster significance level of p<0.05. The scale represents the colour (from dark to light yellow) of the cluster voxels corresponding to the increasing zT-statistic. Co-ordinates are represented in Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-and-sem-for-the-control-ex-smoker-and-smoker-i6buy1fy.png Table 1. Mean and SEM for the control, ex-smoker and smoker groups on demographic, smoking and alcohol use history ( † denotes score prior to abstinence). https://scispace.com/papers/smoking-and-fgfr2-rs2981582-variant-independently-modulate-328mw7wyad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-patients-and-kaplanemeier-survival-14qkj3hw.png Table 1 Distribution of patients and KaplaneMeier survival estimates according to selected individual characteristics (166 MBC patients, Tuscany, Italy). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimates-of-the-risk-of-death-at-10-years-based-on-2t27yjgf.png Table 3 Estimates of the risk of death at 10 years based on a multivariate Cox proportional regression including all the listed variables and the FGFR2 rs2981582 variant in the dominant transmission model (166 MBC patients, Tuscany, Italy). Multiple imputation via chained equations (100 imputed datasets) was used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kaplan-meier-survival-curves-with-significant-o8etn6ea.png Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier survival curves with significant logerank test for selected variables in a series of 166 MBC patients enrolled in Tuscany (Italy). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-genotype-frequencies-and-xwlj9m23.png Table 2 Distribution of genotype frequencies and KaplaneMeier survival analysis according to BRCA mutational status and selected susceptibility SNPs (166 MBC patients, Tuscany, Italy). https://scispace.com/papers/smoking-based-selection-and-influence-in-gender-segregated-2ehzztc9si 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-network-structure-of-1umrjq5c.png Table 2 Descriptive statistics of network structure of schools and individual characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-included-effects-for-modelling-selection-and-1mt70tgp.png Table 1 Included effects for modelling selection and influence processes simultaneously. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-relative-contribution-of-smoking-based-vekdbdqz.png Figure 1 The relative contribution of smoking-based selection and influence on similarities in smoking. Note: the model explained 82% of smoking behaviour similarity among males, 87% among females https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-meta-analysis-results-estimates-p-values-and-3oltn68u.png Table 3 Meta-analysis results: estimates, P-values and differences between schools of the combined model. https://scispace.com/papers/smoking-modulates-different-secretory-subpopulations-1u1fmi1tdt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-consensus-nasal-and-bronchial-gene-co-expression-1s9hwtge.png Figure 2. Consensus nasal and bronchial gene co-expression modules containing the VE genes are associated with different biological pathways and are not correlated between tissues. (a) WGCNA was used to identify consensus co-expression modules in nasal and bronchial samples from the DECAMP cohort (n=58 and 48 modules, respectively). A heatmap of the correlation of module eigengenes computed from each module demonstrates that ACE2 and TMPRSS2 modules were more highly correlated with each other in the bronchus than in the nose. The CTSL module was not correlated with ACE2 or TMPRSS2 modules in either the nose or bronchus. (b) Scatterplots comparing the overrepresentation of MSigDB Hallmark pathway gene sets in each VE module in the nose and bronchus. The -log10(FDR q) values denoting the degree of overrepresentation of each gene set in each module in the nose and bronchus are shown on the x- and y-axes, respectively. The overrepresentation of gene sets in the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 modules is largely discordant between the nose and bronchus, whereas several immune-related pathways are overrepresented in the CTSL module in both sites. (c) VE module eigengenes were https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ace2-ctsl-and-tmprss2-gene-expression-is-strongly-1hcrhxzo.png Figure 1. ACE2, CTSL, and TMPRSS2 gene expression is strongly associated with current cigarette smoking in both the nasal and bronchial epithelium. (a) Associations between the expression of ACE2 (tan), CTSL (brown), and TMPRSS2 (olive) and clinical covariates in the nasal and bronchial epithelium. Nasal (pink) and bronchial (purple) brushings were collected from subjects at high risk of developing lung cancer from four different studies (DECAMP bronchus: N = 341, AEGIS bronchus: N = 305, BCLHS bronchus: N = 238, PCA bronchus: N = 133, DECAMP nose: N = 253, AEGIS nose: N = 150). The size and color of the bubbles represent the significance and magnitude, respectively, of the t statistic calculated using linear modeling of VE gene expression as a function containing the four clinical variables, correcting for batch and mean Transcript Integrity Number (mTIN). Significance levels: * p < 0.05, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-deconvolution-of-bulk-rna-seq-data-shows-increased-23fy01a7.png Figure 4. Deconvolution of bulk RNA-seq data shows increased proportions of goblet cells and ionocytes in both nasal and bronchial epithelium of current smokers compared to former smokers. (a-b) Top: boxplots of cell type proportions estimated by AutoGeneS in bulk RNA-seq data from nasal (N = 281) and bronchial brushings (N = 355) obtained from current and former smokers in the DECAMP cohort. Significant cell proportion differences between current and former smokers were determined by Wilcoxon test (* indicates FDR q < 0.05). Bottom: the heatmap displays the average VE module score for each cell population from the single-cell RNA-seq data (first three rows), as well as the proportion of each cell type that is ACE2+/TMPRSS2+ (i.e., the expression of both genes is one standard deviation above the average). Cell types that express both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 modules are in red. While goblet cell proportions were significantly higher in smokers in both the nose and bronchus, the ACE2 module was only highly expressed in goblet cells from the bronchus, which may explain the lack of association of ACE2 expression with smoking in the bulk RNA-seq data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-expressions-of-ve-gene-modules-among-various-cell-qxme01z9.png Figure 3. Expressions of VE gene modules among various cell types. Single-cell RNA-seq was performed (a) on nasal brushings from 7 patients (n=34,833 cells) and (b) bronchial brushings from 17 patients (n=2,075 cells). Cell types were inferred from the expression of known marker genes. (c) UMAP projections showing the expression pattern of VE https://scispace.com/papers/smi-object-oriented-framework-for-designing-and-implementing-3gpp4cspe5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-main-classes-of-the-sm-1sr3kyoj.png Fig. 3. Main classes of the SM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-diagram-of-control-hierarchy-of-lhcb-1ntap5vf.png Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of control hierarchy of LHCb experiment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-basic-concepts-of-smi-1wczbxyn.png Fig. 1. Basic concepts of SMI++ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-basic-concepts-of-smi-hierarchy-of-domains-36gfdfec.png Fig. 2. Basic concepts of SMI++. Hierarchy of domains. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-diagram-of-babar-run-control-3jjc4fcv.png Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of BaBar Run Control https://scispace.com/papers/smooth-er-stellar-mass-maps-in-candels-constraints-on-the-scnkpu6cxd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-case-examples-of-galaxies-at-z-1-2-exhibiting-off-26wm8k3n.png Figure 2. Case examples of galaxies at z ≈ 1–2 exhibiting off-center peaks in the surface brightness distribution. From left to right (f.l.t.r.): observed I775J125H160 three-color postage stamps sized 3.′′4 × 3.′′4, surface brightness distributions in the observed z850 and H160 bands, rest-frame U−V color maps, and the distribution of stellar surface mass density. The off-center regions with elevated surface brightness tend to be blue, and therefore less pronounced (but still present) in H160 compared to z850. With a few notable exceptions (ID1683 and ID12328), the stellar mass maps are centrally concentrated and lack regions with elevated surface mass density at large radii. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-co-added-normalized-profiles-for-the-sfgs-at-0-5-z-3rhmvsgu.png Figure 5. Co-added normalized profiles for the SFGs at 0.5 < z < 1.5 (top row) and 1.5 < z < 2.5 (bottom row), uncorrected for smearing by the PSF. F.l.t.r.: the surface brightnesses/densities and half-light/mass radii were measured on the Urest, Vrest, and stellar mass maps, always adopting the center of stellar mass as a reference for measurements of radii. The profiles are color coded by the median rest-frame (U − V )rest color within each (Σ/Σe, R/Re) bin. The vertical dashed line indicates the typical resolution and solid lines separate the center, disk, and clump regime as in Figure 4. Bright, off-center clumps notable at short wavelengths, and to a lesser extent present even at the longest wavelengths attainable at high resolution, tend to be bluer than the underlying galaxy disk. The reddest colors are found in the center. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-idem-to-figure-5-but-with-the-color-coding-3oshgvnd.png Figure 8. Idem to Figure 5, but with the color coding indicating the normalized star formation surface density. In the light profiles, the star formation surface density is a function of surface brightness, with no evidence for a radial dependence. In the mass profile, however, the star formation surface density correlates more strongly with radius than with variations in surface mass density at a given radius. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-schematic-overview-of-a-simple-toy-model-for-disk-3p4rvqio.png Figure 13. Schematic overview of a simple toy model for disk growth and spatial color variations without radial migration. Newly accreted gas settles in an exponential disk with a scale length proportional to the virial radius at that epoch. Due to halo growth, this scale length is larger than that of previously accreted gas which has been forming stars, causing an inside-out growth of the stellar disk. Short-lived, spatial fluctuations in the SFR are required to explain the relation between color and surface brightness variations at a given radius, which is most pronounced at short wavelengths and absent in the stellar mass distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-continued-18uloqp2.png Figure 2. Case examples of galaxies at z ≈ 1–2 exhibiting off-center peaks in the surface brightness distribution. From left to right (f.l.t.r.): observed I775J125H160 three-color postage stamps sized 3.′′4 × 3.′′4, surface brightness distributions in the observed z850 and H160 bands, rest-frame U−V color maps, and the distribution of stellar surface mass density. The off-center regions with elevated surface brightness tend to be blue, and therefore less pronounced (but still present) in H160 compared to z850. With a few notable exceptions (ID1683 and ID12328), the stellar mass maps are centrally concentrated and lack regions with elevated surface mass density at large radii. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-examples-of-two-dimensional-maps-and-one-2rxblvuy.png Figure 4. Examples of two-dimensional maps and one-dimensional normalized profiles of z ≈ 1–2 SFGs without (ID6726) and with (ID1924, ID2954) clumpy features in their rest-frame U-band surface brightness distribution. For each object, the top row shows the observed-frame IJH postage stamp, the (U − V )rest color map, and a map indicating whether pixels are assigned to the center, outer disk, or clump regime. Solid black ellipses contain half the rest-frame U-band light. Dashed ellipses have twice the major axis length. The middle row shows the normalized rest-frame U light profiles, color coded by (U − V )rest and pixel type (inner/outer/clump), respectively. Solid lines separate the center, disk, and clump sectors. The vertical dashed line marks the WFC3 resolution. Normalized stellar mass profiles color coded by (U − V )rest and the corresponding two-dimensional stellar mass maps are presented in the bottom row for each object. We overplot solid and dashed white ellipses with semi-major axis lengths of Re, mass and 2Re, mass respectively. All three examples shown here feature negative color gradients and a more compact stellar mass than light distribution. In the case of ID1924 and ID2954, off-center regions with elevated surface brightness (“clumps”) are identified. They exhibit bluer colors than the underlying disk. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-idem-to-figure-5-but-with-the-color-coding-3itvrb5o.png Figure 7. Idem to Figure 5, but with the color coding indicating the normalized stellar surface mass density. When considering shorter wavelengths (i.e., poorer proxies of stellar mass), little variation in the stellar surface mass density is seen at a given radius, despite a substantial range in surface brightness levels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-size-mass-and-sfr-mass-relations-of-galaxies-in-our-2s6bebis.png Figure 1. Size–mass and SFR–mass relations of galaxies in our 0.5 < z < 1.5 and 1.5 < z < 2.5 samples (large black circles), contrasted with the underlying galaxy population (small gray dots) extracted from the same H160-selected catalog (H160 < 27). Dashed lines indicate the sample selection limits on mass and SFR/M . The horizontal gray bar marks the range of physical sizes to which the half-light radius of the WFC3 H160-band PSF corresponds at the respective redshift interval. A tight MS is observed in SFR–mass space. By selecting only massive star-forming systems, we naturally limit ourselves to predominantly well-resolved galaxies. https://scispace.com/papers/smooth-variable-structure-filter-for-pneumatic-system-mt3ygzpglq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-error-in-estimating-a-the-first-state-b-the-h07yscxs.png Figure 11: The error in estimating (a) the first state, (b) the second state and (c) the third state. 1- The speed of convergence. It took 2 iterations to obtain the parameters. 2- The easiness of tuning, and implementing the algorithm for online applications. 3- The ability of adapting any further changes in the system’s parameters. This gives the proposed algorithm the flexibility needed in approximating non-linear systems by using several piece-wise linear subsystems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-acceleration-used-in-testing-nn-and-svsf-1etczl3p.png Figure 10: The acceleration used in testing NN and SVSF https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-smooth-variable-structure-filter-steps-1-3157q00g.png Figure 1: The Smooth Variable Structure Filter Steps [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-svsf-concepts-19-where-and-are-the-a-posteriori-263r12zd.png Figure 2: The SVSF Concepts [19], where and are the a posteriori and the a priori estimated trajectories, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-position-used-in-testing-nn-and-svsf-3nflfra1.png Figure 8: The position used in testing NN and SVSF https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulink-diagram-of-the-simulated-pneumatic-system-aoptig4o.png Figure 3: Simulink diagram of the simulated pneumatic system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-training-position-for-nn-and-svsf-3hltt5l7.png Figure 4: The training position for NN and SVSF https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-training-velocity-for-nn-and-svsf-34b6b9ir.png Figure 5: The training velocity for NN and SVSF https://scispace.com/papers/smooth-transition-regression-models-for-non-stationary-1jdlcf5cig 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-99-9-quantile-of-the-severity-distribution-for-32evjzyo.png Figure 16: 99.9% quantile of the severity distribution for EFRAUD, at various dates where 0 < φ(st) < 1. Dark grey: ST-GPD model. Light grey: threshold GP regression model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-solid-line-transition-function-for-the-st-gpd-2hpm2jmo.png Figure 15: Solid line: transition function for the ST-GPD model. Stars: transition function for the threshold-GP regression model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-value-of-the-transition-function-ph-as-a-function-2q5w77k4.png Figure 7: Value of the transition function φ as a function of the VIX (left) and over time (right). Dashed lines denote 50% asymptotic confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-wald-test-of-a-significant-difference-between-3ntp1dad.png Table 7: Wald test of a significant difference between regression coefficients of the different limiting regimes. We report the observed difference and corresponding estimated standard errors. *, ** and *** indicate rejections of the null of no differences at the 10%, 5%, and 1% test levels, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-between-the-empirical-distribution-of-3d1adyb2.png Figure 3: Comparison between the empirical distribution of the likelihood ratio (dark grey), the warp-speed bootstrap distribution (light grey), χ22×p (dashed dotted), χ 2 2×p+2 (solid) and χ 2 2×p+4 (dashed) distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-the-explanatory-variables-used-in-the-lyd2ggx7.png Table 3: Summary of the explanatory variables used in the full model. EFRAUDt,i and CPBPt,i are binary variables indicating if the ith loss at time t belongs to EFRAUD (resp. CPBP) event type; nETt−1 is the number of losses taking place at time t− 1 for the event type of the ith loss at time t. The product between nETt−1 and the event type variables leads to event- type-specific effects of past counts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-test-statistic-lrmuc-a1-a2-of-the-multiple-lr-test-31fftgkx.png Table 6: Test statistic LRMUC(α1, α2) of the multiple LR test of Colletaz et al. [2013], using various values for α1 and α2. In parentheses, p-values obtained from a simulation procedure with 106 samples of length T = 113. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparison-between-various-var-estimates-at-the-r712hsd8.png Figure 11: Comparison between various VaR estimates at the level .975 and the total loss distribution (black bar chart). Solid: ST model ’Full’. Dashed: ST model ’ET only’. Dashed-dotted: non-ST model ’Full’. https://scispace.com/papers/smooth-transition-autoregressive-models-a-survey-of-recent-i1e06puzgu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-monthly-seasonally-unadjusted-us-unemployment-rate-8xdq8xbl.png Figure 1: Monthly seasonally unadjusted US unemployment rate, males aged 20 and above, June 1968-December 1999. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-negative-of-the-sum-of-squares-function-qt-c-of-the-1orcuxgd.png Figure 2: Negative of the sum of squares function QT ( ; c) of the LSTAR model for the monthly US unemployment rate in the neighborhood of the NLS estimate (̂; ĉ) = (23:15; 0:27). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transition-function-in-lstar-model-for-monthly-v6h3qfzi.png Figure 3: Transition function in LSTAR model for monthly seasonally unadjusted US unemployment rate against the transition variable 12yt 1 and over time, during the estimation period (solid line) and forecasting period (dashed line). The dotted line represents the (rescaled) monthly seasonally adjusted unemployment rate. Solid circles indicate NBER-dated unemployment peaks (P) and troughs (T). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-deterministic-extrapolation-of-lstar-model-for-the-2187gv7j.png Figure 4: Deterministic extrapolation of LSTAR model for the monthly US unemployment rate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-star-model-selection-for-monthly-us-unemployment-1fdyids1.png Table 2: STAR model selection for monthly US unemployment rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lm-type-tests-for-star-nonlinearity-for-monthly-us-3gqqjsj5.png Table 1: LM-type tests for STAR nonlinearity for monthly US unemployment rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-asymmetry-measures-for-impulse-responses-in-lstar-3kkj853n.png Table 4: Asymmetry measures for impulse responses in LSTAR model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-diagnostic-tests-of-lstar-model-estimated-for-1u847jcs.png Table 3: Diagnostic tests of LSTAR model estimated for monthly US unemployment rate https://scispace.com/papers/smoothed-particle-hydrodynamics-a-new-approach-for-modeling-4w5ic87k7d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-velocity-magnitude-profiles-of-line-2-obtained-s601vc8w.png Figure 11. Velocity magnitude profiles of Line 2 obtained with Finite Volume (FV) method for different oscillatory cycles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-position-of-lines-at-which-results-are-extracted-3gnetklv.png Figure 3. Position of lines at which results are extracted and evaluated https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-cycle-averaged-velocity-ratio-for-the-period-of-an-vq82z3hk.png Figure 13. Cycle-averaged velocity ratio for the period of an oscillatory cycle https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mesh-sensitivity-analysis-results-r-2-where-results-1hhwc17u.png Table 2. Mesh sensitivity analysis results (R 2 ) where results from mesh #1 are used as the based for comparison https://scispace.com/papers/smos-instrument-performance-and-calibration-after-6-years-in-4y1yvs6f4k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-evolution-of-the-end-to-end-average-receiver-gain-2v7q1x3q.png Figure 17: Evolution of the end-to-end average receiver gain in mV/K (left) and in percentage variation 568 taking June 2011 as reference value (right) 569 570 571 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sun-tails-and-alias-affecting-an-ocean-image-161-31j3sore.png Figure 3: Sun tails and alias affecting an ocean image 161 162 163 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-31-performance-of-v505-left-and-v620-right-with-2ftc3hj6.png Figure 31: Performance of V505 (left) and V620 (right) with incidence angle over Antarctica. 845 846 6.2.2 Lower Spatial Ripple 847 848 Although there is a limit to how much the spatial ripple can be removed as explained before, Figure 32 849 shows that V620 achieves about 0.2 K lower spatial ripple in both polarizations than V505, thanks to 850 the improvements in Sections 6.1.1 through 6.1.4 and 6.1.7. The root mean square spatial ripple of 851 V620 over most of the Extended Alias-Free Field of View is therefore of about 1.5 and 2.0 K for X and 852 Y polarizations respectively, evaluated over the ocean. It has to be noted that the bias of V620 is 853 warmer than that of V505, overshooting almost 1 K in X polarization above the forward ocean model. 854 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-average-inner-licef-receiver-temperature-tp6-the-28m3wejh.png Figure 15: Average inner LICEF receiver temperature Tp6. The spikes in early Jan’10, May’10 and 544 Jan’11 are due to 3 anomalies occurred in the instrument. 545 546 https://scispace.com/papers/smote-for-regression-4hqh1tmp8s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-best-scores-obtained-with-sampling-and-no-sampling-33t4z848.png Fig. 1: Best Scores obtained with sampling and no-sampling. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-algorithms-and-parameter-variants-and-the-3g0oihoc.png Table 2: Regression algorithms and parameter variants, and the respective R packages. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-the-paired-comparisons-to-the-no-sampling-2vvpufmm.png Table 3: Summary of the paired comparisons to the no sampling baseline (S - SmoteR ; U - under-sampling; ox - x × 100% over-sampling; ux - x × 100% under-sampling). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-used-data-sets-and-characteristics-n-n-of-cases-p-n-ma8f4vun.png Table 1: Used data sets and characteristics (N : n. of cases; p: n. of predictors; nRare: n. cases with φ(Y ) > 0.75; %Rare: nRare/N). https://scispace.com/papers/smt-c-a-semantic-mutation-testing-tools-for-c-5a3i2ls88g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cfg-of-unit-testing-xgvqenw7.png Figure 1. CFG of unit testing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cfg-of-traditional-mt-3l0bz18q.png Figure 2. CFG of Traditional MT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gui-of-smt-c-3gjxd7d8.png Figure 4. GUI of SMT-C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cfg-with-weak-mt-smt-3f26jjxr.png Figure 3. CFG with Weak MT/SMT https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-semantic-mutation-operators-3cfvmlth.png Table I SEMANTIC MUTATION OPERATORS https://scispace.com/papers/smttotptp-a-converter-for-theorem-proving-formats-2luyzu0h9c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-supported-smt-lib-script-language-elements-1h1ueerx.png Table 1. Supported SMT-LIB script language elements. https://scispace.com/papers/sn-2012fr-ultraviolet-optical-and-near-infrared-light-curves-2qvbh7cpfk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-optical-photometry-of-sn2012fr-in-the-natural-system-bb0k4qd1.png Table 3 Optical Photometry of SN2012fr in the Natural System of the Swope https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-lsq-survey-images-of-ngc1365-taken-on-2012october25-11ag1oum.png Figure 4. LSQ Survey images of NGC1365 taken on 2012October25.34 UT and 2012October26.19 UT. The position of SN2012fr is magnified in the upper lefthand corner of both images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-between-the-transmission-functions-of-2ypr1lzr.png Figure 5. Comparison between the transmission functions of the Swope + RetroCam YRC, JRC, and HRC filters and theMagellan Baade + FourStar J1FS, JFS, and HFS filters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-relative-fluxes-normalized-to-maximum-plotted-as-a-1pdmcn9j.png Figure 19. Relative fluxes (normalized to maximum) plotted as a function of the time with respect to tBmax for the R-band light curve of SN2009ig and the grLSQ light curve of SN2012fr. The photometry for SN2009ig is taken from (Foley et al. 2012). The unfiltered first observation was approximately S-corrected assuming a color (B−V)=0.6± 0.1 and a sensitivity function similar to those of the Tarot and BOSS unfiltered photometry. The black arrow shows the last non-detection before discovery for SN2009ig and the red arrow shows the same for SN2012fr. The abscissa is corrected for time dilation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-29-bolometric-light-curves-calculated-with-the-2fjusjbd.png Figure 29. Bolometric light curves calculated with the photometric trapezoidal integration (Method 1) and the spectral template fitting (Method 2) techniques. The inset plot shows luminosity differences of both methods with respect to the average of the two methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-comparison-of-b-band-light-curves-for-sn2000cx-m-b-3oqv24xx.png Figure 20. Comparison of B-band light curves for SN2000cx ( m B 0.9315D =( ) mag), SN2009ig ( m B 0.8915D =( ) mag), and SN2012fr ( m B 0.8215D =( ) mag). The abscissa is corrected for time dilation. Goldhaber et al.’s (2001) B-band template is shown for comparison, stretched to the decline rates of the three SNe. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-galactic-extinction-corrected-b-v-color-evolution-11wnv885.png Figure 7. Galactic extinction-corrected (B−V ) color evolution of SN2012fr. The Lira relation as determined by Folatelli et al. (2010) is over-plotted as a dashed line while the solid line is the recalibration presented by Burns et al. (2014). In both cases, if the overall range of the Lira relation is considered, then the implication is that SN2012fr suffered little or no host-galaxy reddening. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-top-relative-fluxes-normalized-to-maximum-plotted-jbjut900.png Figure 13. (Top) Relative fluxes (normalized to maximum) plotted as a function of the time with respect to tBmaxduring the rising phase of the grLSQ-band light curve of SN2012fr and extending to a few days past maximum. (Bottom) Enlargement of the same observations during the seven days following explosion. The error bars are not visible because they are the same size or smaller than the symbols that are used to plot the data. The broken power-law fits of the early light curves of SNe2013dy and 2014J (Zheng et al. 2013, 2014) are plotted for comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/snap-through-truss-as-an-absorber-of-forced-oscillations-jd5t3i2p19 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-qualitative-phase-plane-of-eq-6-30etkoj1.png Fig. 2. The qualitative phase plane of Eq. (6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-qualitative-representation-of-the-nonlinear-normal-1ke0we50.png Fig. 3. Qualitative representation of the nonlinear normal mode in a configuration space. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-frequency-response-of-the-main-linear-subsystem-fqe6lonh.png Fig. 8. The frequency response of the main linear subsystem forced oscillations. https://scispace.com/papers/sn-2016hil-a-type-ii-supernova-in-the-remote-outskirts-of-an-44t9i4pjar 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-blackbody-fits-for-sn-2016hil-2tm0khas.png Table 3 Blackbody Fits for SN 2016hil https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-deep-keck-lris-r-g-observations-of-the-event-1vedons0.png Figure 4. Deep Keck/LRIS r+g observations of the event location at 246 (top panel) and 771 (bottom panel) days after detection (JD 2458454 and JD 2457930, respectively). In both panels, blue arrows point at the location of the event, and red arrows point at sources of comparable brightness for reference. Even though the detection is marginal in the r and g bands separately, it becomes significant when viewed in the r+g summed image. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-log-of-optical-spectra-of-sn-2016hil-ly3pwqje.png Table 1 Log of Optical Spectra of SN 2016hil https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bolometric-luminosity-of-sn-2016hil-blue-points-b83cgshc.png Figure 5. Bolometric luminosity of SN 2016hil (blue points), plotted with 56Ni decay energy deposition rate for two limiting cases: =M M0.07Ni56 , =t 100 days0 (red dashed line), and =M M0.012Ni56 , ¥t0 (black dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-host-galaxy-of-sn-2016hil-as-observed-by-sdss-in-3r0k4r4f.png Figure 1. Host galaxy of SN 2016hil as observed by SDSS in late 2004 in the ugr bands. The event location is marked with a white cross. SN 2016hil was observed 23 1±0 3 from the region of maximal brightness in the host, corresponding to a projected separation of 27.2±0.4 kpc, assuming a host redshift of z=0.06079. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multiwavelength-magnitudes-of-the-host-galaxy-28gya1gz.png Table 4 Multiwavelength Magnitudes of the Host Galaxy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-spectra-of-sn-2016hil-at-11-and-37-days-after-peak-2kgsc0bl.png Figure 6. Spectra of SN 2016hil at 11 and 37 days after peak brightness compared with other SNe II at similar phases. Each spectrum is plotted together with a smoothed counterpart (solid black curves). The dashed red line is the Fe II λ 5018 line at rest wavelength. The absorption minimum is marked with a solid black line in spectra where the feature is visible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spectral-evolution-of-sn-2016hil-the-spectra-color-18fom594.png Figure 2. Spectral evolution of SN 2016hil. The spectra (color) are overlaid with a smooth version (black), and labeled according to their observation time relative to first detection. The red dashed lines correspond to redshifted hydrogen lines Hαthrough Hε (from right to left). Spectra are trimmed below 4000 Å owing to the low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) at these wavelengths. https://scispace.com/papers/sneutrino-nlsp-scenarios-in-the-nuhm-with-gravitino-dark-zmir4xstlq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sneutrino-pair-annihilation-final-states-there-are-1x7zmr6z.png Table 1: Sneutrino pair annihilation final states. There are also some other modes listed in table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-sneutrino-nlsp-lifetime-as-a-function-of-m-eg-2bvh1dat.png Figure 1: The sneutrino NLSP lifetime as a function of m eG for mν̃ = 10, 100, 500 and 1000GeV (top to bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sparticle-masses-as-functions-of-u-for-tanb-10-m1-2-3di7ngo6.png Figure 2: Sparticle masses as functions of µ for tanβ = 10, m1/2 = 500GeV, m0 = 100GeV, A0 = 0, mt = 172.6GeV, mb(mb) MS = 4.25GeV, and mA = (a) 200GeV, (b) 1000GeV, (c) 1500GeV and (d) 2000GeV, respectively. In panels (c) and (d), the sparticle lines are truncated at larger |µ| where some sneutrino becomes tachyonic. Constraints are represented by vertical lines: black dotted for the GUT constraint (larger |µ| is excluded); red dot-dashed shows the Higgs mass contour at mh = 114.4GeV, while the constraint using the LEP likelihood function convolved with theoretical uncertainties in the Higgs mass (computed here using FeynHiggs [36]) is shown by the red dashed line; the (g − 2)µ constraint (described in the text) is shown by the light blue long dashed lines; and solid green for the b → sγ constraint (smaller µ is excluded). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-some-u-ma-planes-in-the-nuhm-for-a-tanb-10-m1-2-2sk0r35x.png Figure 3: Some (µ,mA) planes in the NUHM for (a) tanβ = 10, m1/2 = 500GeV, m0 = 100GeV, and A0 = 0; (b) tanβ = 10, m1/2 = 500GeV, m0 = 100GeV, and A0 = 1000; (c) tanβ = 10, m1/2 = 500GeV, m0 = 300GeV, and A0 = 0; (d) tanβ = 40, m1/2 = 500GeV, m0 = 100GeV, and A0 = 0. In each case, we used mt = 172.6GeV and mb(mb) MS = 4.25GeV. Contours and shading are described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sneutrino-co-annihilation-with-other-sneutrino-1yf9b1o8.png Table 2: Sneutrino (co)annihilation with other sneutrino flavours. For these modes we can either have i = j (i.e. pair annihilation) or i 6= j. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-exploration-of-the-bbn-constraints-on-sample-tau-2n151qjg.png Figure 4: Exploration of the BBN constraints on sample tau-sneutrino NLSP points with µ > 0: (top) m1/2 = 500GeV, m0 = 100GeV, tanβ = 10, A0 = 0 and mA = 2000GeV [cf, figure 2(d)] and (bottom) m1/2 = 500GeV, m0 = 100GeV, tanβ = 40, A0 = 0 and mA = 1300GeV [cf, figure 3(d)]. Panels (a, c) display the three-body-decay branching ratios, and panels (b, d) the ν̃(τ,e) relic density. https://scispace.com/papers/snare-derived-peptide-mimic-inducing-membrane-fusion-4agktd4ivs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-content-mixing-experiment-with-e3-vamp-liposomes-28ogqx1n.png Fig. 4 Content mixing experiment with E3-VAMP liposomes filled with sulforhodamine B at fluorescence self-quenching concentration (20 mM). Addition of unlabelled K3-syntaxin liposomes (’), liposomes with E3-VAMP (K), liposomes lacking a fusion peptide (m). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-lipid-mixing-induced-by-snare-mimicking-ey3tdszi.png Fig. 3 Comparison of lipid mixing induced by SNARE-mimicking peptides and neuronal SNAREs: E3-VAMP2 and K3-syntaxin (’), 2 : 1 complex (b) and DN-complex (}) in a 1/1000 peptide/lipid ratio for all populations (for definition of the 2 : 1 complex and DN-complex see text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lipid-mixing-of-liposomes-containing-snare-mimicking-2srusaou.png Fig. 2 Lipid mixing of liposomes containing SNARE-mimicking peptides using a fluorescence dequenching assay. E3-VAMP2 and K3-syntaxin (’); addition of peptide E3 to K3-syntaxin liposomes prior to fusion with E3-VAMP2 (K); vesicle populations both containing E3-VAMP2 (n). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-crystal-structure-of-the-synaptic-ternary-snare-cis-591q97cw.png Fig. 1 (a) Crystal structure of the synaptic ternary SNARE cis-complex (syntaxin1A—red, VAMP2—blue, SNAP25—grey; rattus norvegicus).17 (b) Sequence of the peptide SNARE analogues with sequentially identical TMD domains. (c) Membrane incorporation and proposed interaction of the peptide/TMDs K3-syntaxin and E3-VAMP2 embedded in opposing membranes. https://scispace.com/papers/sncl4-catalyzed-isomerization-dehydration-of-xylose-and-2969tbeotx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-sncl4-catalyzed-conversion-of-a-xylose-and-b-1ymxxq3k.png Fig. 4 The SnCl4-catalyzed conversion of A) xylose and B) glucose in a 1 : 2 water : butanol IJv/v) biphasic system. Conditions: 750 mM initial sugar concentration, 25 mM SnCl4, 140 °C. All concentrations based upon the aqueous phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-effects-of-500-mm-licl-added-to-the-aqueous-phase-3jn384dh.png Fig. 5 The effects of 500 mM LiCl added to the aqueous phase on the SnCl4-catalyzed conversion of xylose and glucose in a 1 : 2 water : butanol IJv/v) biphasic system. Conditions: 750 mM initial sugar concentration, 25 mM SnCl4, 140 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-conversion-of-xylose-750-mm-and-the-yield-of-3i89ondc.png Fig. 1 The conversion of xylose (750 mM) and the yield of furfural at 140 °C catalyzed by 25 mM SnCl4 in a single aqueous phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-conversion-of-glucose-750-mm-and-the-yields-of-5-3ixdxo8e.png Fig. 2 The conversion of glucose (750 mM) and the yields of 5-HMF, levulinic acid, and formic acid at 140 °C catalyzed by 25 mM SnCl4 in a single aqueous phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-effect-of-sncl4-concentration-on-h-concentration-20ctwdb4.png Fig. 3 The effect of SnCl4 concentration on H + concentration observed for temperatures between 20 °C and 80 °C. Measurements were taken after solutions were allowed to equilibrate for 12 h. https://scispace.com/papers/sns-junctions-in-nanowires-with-spin-orbit-coupling-role-of-2jsqduqpm4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-andreev-levels-at-ph-0-of-a-short-junction-lnw-20-nm-6o87j9oi.png FIG. 8. Andreev levels at ϕ = 0 of a short junction, LNW = 20 nm as a function of μNW. Different panels show the evolution of the spectrum for increasing magnetic fields. Parameters: ESO = 0.05 meV, μleads = 10ESO, LS = 2 μm, = 0.25 meV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-color-online-energy-levels-at-ph-0-as-function-of-mnw-350617ds.png FIG. 16. (Color online) Energy levels at ϕ = 0 as function of μNW for a long junction LNW = 4 μm for a fixed Zeeman field. Parameters: ESO = 0.05 meV, μleads = 10ESO, LS = 2 μm, V = 20ESO, and S′ = 20 = 5 meV. The rescaled y axis explicitly shows that the relevant energy scale is not the original bulk gap included in the calculation S′ but rather , in agreement with Fig. 11(c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-normal-conductance-gn-as-a-function-of-29z1qsam.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Normal conductance GN as a function of the Fermi energy μNW in the left lead for a semi-infinite NWN junction. Parameters: αR = 20 meV nm (which corresponds to ESO = 0.05 meV) and B = 0.0125 meV. Different curves show how GN(μNW) evolves for increasing Fermi energy μlead in the right lead. The inset shows the dispersion relation for a Rashba NW in the presence of a transverse B field. Within the gap there is only one right mover per energy (green filled circle), while outside the gap there are two (red filled circles). This gives rise to the reentrant behavior of conductance, from ∼2e2/h to e2/h and back to 2e2/h, as a function of Fermi energy in the main panel. The spin of the counterpropagating states (open circles) is opposite to the propagating ones (filled circles), hence the name helical. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-andreev-levels-at-the-junction-ph-in-the-short-1mddqjay.png FIG. 10. Andreev levels at the junction (ϕ) in the short-junction regime LNW = 20 nm in at B = 1.5Bc. Parameters: αR = 20 meV nm for InSb nano wires, μleads = 0.5 meV, LS = 10 μm, and = 0.25 meV. Different panels show the Andreev levels around μnw = 3.57 meV near the zero-energy crossing in Fig. 8(d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-andreev-levels-at-ph-0-as-function-of-the-zeeman-field-363dwb35.png FIG. 9. Andreev levels at ϕ = 0 as function of the Zeeman field for μNW = 3.57 meV. The rest of parameters are the same as in Fig. 8 except LS = 10 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-color-online-a-nw-is-divided-in-three-normal-regions-3bl6xk7r.png FIG. 15. (Color online) A NW is divided in three normal regions (N) and (M), where the latter are coupled to a superconductor through V , while the coupling between (N) and (M) is controlled by v0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-normal-conductance-gn-as-a-function-of-regp10aj.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Normal conductance GN as a function of the Fermi energy μNW for a short N-NW-N junction, LNW = 20 nm (rest of parameters ESO = 0.05 meV and μleads = 10ESO). Different curves show howGN(μNW) evolve with the Zeeman fieldB. The insets show a blowup of GN(μNW) around the Fano dip for two different B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-majorana-localization-length-m-as-a-function-of-the-5p4airak.png FIG. 19. Majorana localization length M as a function of the Zeeman field B for αR = α0 (dashed curve) and αR = 5α0 (solid curve), where α0 = 0.2 eV Å. They correspond to spin-orbit lengths lSO ≈ 200 nm and lSO ≈ 40 nm, respectively. Rest of parameters μ = 0.5 meV and = 0.25 meV. https://scispace.com/papers/snowfall-and-water-stable-isotope-variability-in-east-2df2uv79ct 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cumulative-sum-of-number-of-days-orange-line-smb-2omwonic.png Figure 2. Cumulative sum of number of days (orange line), SMB (blue line, defined as precipitation minus evaporation), and snowfall (as percent of total SMB), with days sorted by daily SMB in MAR outputs for ABN site. Note that x‐ axis is linear between −10−1 and 10−1 mm w.eq. day−1 and logarithmic outside of this range. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-a-three-high-resolution-records-two-arn4i47u.png Figure 7. Comparison of (a) three high‐resolution records: two snow pit profiles and a short core, with (b) temperature at P90 at daily resolution (thin gray line) and monthly snowfall‐weighted mean temperature (thick black line), (c) modeled surface snow δ18O (buffer averaging the δ18O in the last 10 mm w.eq. of precipitations), (d) Wilkes Land blocking index, and (e) SAM Marshall monthly index (Marshall, 2003). Some periods with particularly negative (resp. positive) SAM index are highlighted with blue (yellow) shading. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-probability-density-function-of-a-monthly-smb-and-b-2hxsouc4.png Figure 3. Probability density function of (a) monthly SMB, and (b) monthly SMB due to low (<1 mm w.eq. day−1, white) and high (>1 mm w.eq. day−1, blue) daily SMB rates. Mean (colored circles), median (plain lines), and quartiles (dashed lines) are indicated for each monthly distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-scatter-plot-of-daily-d18o-in-precipitation-and-3r3h685f.png Figure 6. Scatter plot of daily δ18O in precipitation and temperature at P90 at the ABN grid point, for summer (December–January, red) and winter (May–August, blue). The color scales indicate the daily precipitation amount. Linear regressions are computed for both summer and winter with an orthogonal distance least mean squares with each point weighted with its daily precipitation. P90 refers to the vertical level where pressure equals 90% of the surface pressure and is above inversion year‐round. Equation of weighted regressions are indicated along with the Pearson weighted correlation coefficient (e.g., Pozzi et al., 2012). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-mean-500-hpa-geopotential-height-anomaly-and-b-1296pqc3.png Figure 4. (a) Mean 500‐hPa geopotential height anomaly and (b) mean 2‐m temperature anomaly, when daily SMB at ABN is larger than 1 mm w.eq. day−1 (1,217 days on a total of 13,514, on the 1979–2015 period). We define a blocking index for the region in the yellow box as a geopotential height anomaly greater than 100 m lasting for at least 5 days (see text for detail on computation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-the-aurora-basin-north-site-and-a-selection-12cay0em.png Figure 1. Map of the Aurora Basin North site and a selection of Antarctic stations and coring locations. Adapted from a production of the Australian Antarctic Data Centre, September 2013 (map catalogue no. 14254—data.aad.gov.au © Commonwealth of Australia 2013). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-pearson-correlation-coefficients-table-between-the-3hkopooe.png Figure 8. Pearson correlation coefficients table between the series shown in Figure 7: snow pits measured at LSCE and AAD, short core measured at DRI, MAR‐modeled temperature at P90, ECHAM5‐wiso modeled surface snow δ 18O (buffer averaging the δ18O in the last 10 mm w.eq. of precipitations), Wilkes Land blocking index, and SAM Marshall monthly index. Correlations are shown for (a) the maximum resolution signal (all series were resampled on LSCE snow pit resolution, with an average of 8 points year−1) and (b) the annually averaged signal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-probability-density-function-of-monthly-mean-1gp5k7l4.png Figure 5. (a) Probability density function of monthly mean temperatures (white) and snowfall‐weighted mean temperatures (blue). Mean (colored circles), median (plain lines), and quartiles (dashed lines) are indicated for each month distribution. P90 refers to the vertical level where pressure equals 90% of the surface pressure and is above inversion year‐round. (b) Same as (a) but for annual temperatures distribution. https://scispace.com/papers/snr-estimation-in-linear-systems-with-gaussian-matrices-5dmpfz80mh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparing-exo-n-ph-w-with-its-deterministic-equivalent-2b0d7xf7.png Fig. 1. Comparing Exo,n[Φ ( W ) ] with its deterministic equivalent in (6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparing-the-performance-of-the-proposed-approach-in-10k1i64h.png Fig. 2. Comparing the performance of the proposed approach in the different scenarios. https://scispace.com/papers/soccer-clubs-and-diminishing-returns-the-case-of-paris-saint-2od6m1rbco 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-points-vs-payroll-k0sd7xpz.png Figure 3: Points vs. Payroll https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-2mw69fld.png Table 1: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-inefficiency-scores-from-tre-model-3pgsy5ad.png Table 3: Inefficiency Scores from TRE Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-psg-operating-profit-loss-em-1582ehjd.png Figure 1: PSG Operating Profit/Loss eM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-payroll-vs-champions-league-points-2013-16-u79m57q1.png Figure 6: Payroll vs. Champions League Points (2013-16) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-stochastic-production-function-1ybzv8wi.png Table 2: Stochastic Production Function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-actual-and-minimum-winning-expenditure-27tzkfna.png Figure 5: Actual and Minimum Winning Expenditure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-big-spender-big-finisher-3o65wpcq.png Figure 2: Big Spender, Big Finisher https://scispace.com/papers/social-and-discourse-contributions-to-the-determination-of-4p466cg9ji 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-gleitman-plot-each-row-represents-an-object-fpd8rs6i.png FIGURE 5 Example Gleitman plot. Each row represents an object, each column represents an utterance. A blue mark denotes that the object was present when the utterance was uttered but not mentioned; a green mark denotes that the object was mentioned but not present; and a red mark denotes that the object was present and mentioned. Horizontal stretches of red marks indicate continuous sets of utterances referring to a particular object that was visible to the child. (Color figure available online.) https://scispace.com/papers/social-and-ecological-effectiveness-of-large-marine-476mb4j214 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-the-variable-categories-correlated-with-11ioyowd.png Table 3. Summary of the variable categories correlated with outcomes (p<0.05) for each thematic hypothesis. Green text = associated with improved outcome; red text = associated with decline. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hypotheses-with-the-associated-variables-and-their-3a3rsgib.png Table 2. Hypotheses with the associated variables and their expected impact on trends and wellbeing, and the corresponding support found in our study for the fisheries and ecosystem health interactions (for additional detail on findings please refer to Table 3) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mpa-name-country-of-origin-date-designated-and-3aj6r20r.png Figure 1. MPA name, country of origin, date designated, and total size of large MPAs used in this study, (see S1 for complete list of LMPAs). https://scispace.com/papers/soa-formation-potential-of-emissions-from-soil-and-leaf-40v1v41mni 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-table-of-soa-formation-experiments-158hyffa.png Table 1. Summary Table of SOA Formation Experiments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-composition-of-soa-generated-from-oxidation-of-2rr3hgyu.png Figure 3. Composition of SOA generated from oxidation of various biogenic precursors: soil/litter emissions, ponderosa pine emissions, and αpinene. The left side of the panel illustrates the organic UMR spectrum of each. UMR peaks were normalized to the sum of the organic signal. The α-pinene SOA spectrum was obtained from Bahreini et al.48 The right side of the panel shows scatter plots comparing the different UMR spectra to one another. All three spectra were similar. Specifically, soil/litter SOA and ponderosa SOA were nearly identical with r2 = 0.98. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-potential-range-of-surface-monoterpene-emission-1fq95m9b.png Figure 4. Potential range of surface monoterpene emission rates compared to modeled canopy monoterpene emission rates from fall and spring. All emissions were normalized to a temperature of 30 °C for comparison. The highest surface emissions were observed during the initial daytime measurements when surface emissions were 34− 36% higher than modeled canopy emissions. The minimum surface emissions were 12% of canopy emissions. A simulated precipitation event increased emissions to approximately the same value as canopy emissions (97−98%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-time-series-of-voc-emission-rates-from-the-second-1eajx677.png Figure 1. A time series of VOC emission rates from the second set of soil/litter samples. Emissions were dominated by monoterpenes (note log scale). Emissions were higher in the warmer daylight hours (unshaded) and decreased after the lamp was turned off (shaded gray). The overall trend was a decrease in emissions as the soil dried. Upon rewetting on November 28, 2012, emissions increased to nearly initial daytime levels. A second simulated precipitation event did not result in an emissions increase (not shown). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-voc-emission-profile-expressed-on-a-relative-17laajlu.png Figure 2. The VOC emission profile expressed on a relative carbon mass basis. The left figure illustrates the percentages of small oxygenated VOCs, aromatics, and terpenes as measured with the PTR-MS. Monoterpenes dominated the emission profile, comprising 80.3% of total VOC emissions shown. The right figure illustrates the speciated monoterpene emission profile measured with the GC-MS-FID. β-Pinene, α-pinene, Δ-3-carene, and camphene comprised greater than 85% of total monoterpene emissions. This monoterpene profile is consistent with litter composed of the dominant tree species at the sampling siteponderosa pine and Douglas-fir. https://scispace.com/papers/social-annotations-in-web-search-1zi18p8gor 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-social-annotations-in-web-search-as-of-sept-2011-in-32qoiknt.png Figure 1. Social Annotations in web search as of sept. 2011 in Google (top), and Bing (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-different-annotation-variations-in-study-2-u8v6l5pp.png Figure 3. The different annotation variations in Study 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-fixation-count-on-various-result-elements-1qo2qvl0.png Figure 4. Average fixation count on various result elements vs. the length of the snippet (N=12). We showed participants 3 snippet lengths: 1-line, 2-line and 4-line. Fixation counts for the annotation are drawn in black, values for snippet, title, and URL are in shades of green. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-average-fixation-count-on-the-pictures-in-the-34zecome.png Figure 6. Average fixation count on the pictures in the annotations vs. the size of the picture, for each of the different presentation variations (N=12). We showed participants two sizes, 50x50px and 21x21px. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-samples-of-search-tasks-in-different-topics-2fjbxfvi.png Table 1. Samples of search tasks in different topics. Participants were not shown the topic category, they were just given a strip of paper with the task question printed on it. They started each task at the default search engine start page. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-annotation-placement-effect-shown-for-the-4-1vgshdze.png Figure 8. The annotation-placement effect, shown for the 4-line snippet condition. These averaged gaze maps show that annotations that were placed above the snippet (top) got more fixations than those placed below (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-average-fixation-count-on-annotation-vs-result-2y0a6h0s.png Figure 9. Average fixation count on annotation vs. result position, averaged over all the presentation variations. Annotations were either on the first result or the second result. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-total-number-of-social-annotations-that-were-ft38psm5.png Figure 2. The total number of social annotations that were noticed. https://scispace.com/papers/social-anxiety-and-the-internet-positive-and-negative-3tww1gcp6p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-self-rated-positive-effects-of-internet-use-3hpmt02a.png Table 2: Self-Rated Positive effects of Internet use. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-self-rated-negative-effects-of-internet-use-3agtr0id.png Table 3: Self-Rated Negative effects of Internet use. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-standard-deviations-and-range-for-the-internet-1x0o4q6b.png Table 1: Means, Standard Deviations, and Range for the Internet time and Anxiety Variables https://scispace.com/papers/social-approval-competition-and-cooperation-n6pr31in3i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-contributions-to-the-public-good-over-10-periods-2zntbl5v.png Figure 3. Contributions to the public good over 10 periods across treatments. Cooperation is highest in Mug both by a, average contribution, or b, frequency of the full contribution. a. The numbers in parentheses indicate mean contribution (over 10 periods) for that treatment. Contributions are significantly higher in Mug (N=14 groups) compared to Ice-cream (N=12 groups, z=2.675, P=0.008), Baseline (N=12 groups, z=-1.800, P=0.072), and Star (N=12 groups, z=3.138, P=0.002). Star is significnatly lower than Baseline (n=12 for both, z=2.079, P=0.038). b. The numbers in parentheses indicate mean frequency (over 10 periods) of full contributions in that treamtent. In the Mug treatment, most subjects contributed their full endowment (54%), significantly more than those in both Baseline (35%, N=12 groups, z=-1.987, P=0.047) and Ice-cream (23%, z=2.734, P=0.006). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-determinants-of-approval-assignment-2rwiaqgg.png Table 2: Determinants of Approval Assignment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-approval-rate-and-contributions-in-equilibrium-2rpmfojq.png Figure 1: Approval rate and contributions in equilibrium. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimation-of-approval-rate-and-the-assignment-1jd6wvzv.png Table 3: Estimation of approval rate and the assignment weight https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-features-of-experimental-sessions-28ubf96v.png Table 1. Features of experimental sessions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-approval-assigned-from-i-to-k-in-response-to-2a5rxx5d.png Figure 2: Approval assigned from i to k in response to contribution differences between i and k. Given the same contribution differences, approval was assigned most in Baseline. While the other three treatments do not appear to differ in general, in the [-5,0], [0] and [0,5] category, approval given was lowest in the Star treatment. https://scispace.com/papers/social-anxiety-scale-for-adolescents-sas-a-short-form-jwbrua1omc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-latent-correlations-across-four-m2uy47hz.png Table 1. Summary of Latent Correlations Across Four Successive Years. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-factor-loadings-of-the-sas-a-items-across-four-3ims1rgo.png Table 2. Factor Loadings of the SAS-A Items Across Four Successive Years in the Configural Invariance Model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-model-fit-statistics-for-the-different-levels-of-5n73bv3y.png Table 3. Model Fit Statistics for the Different Levels of Measurement Invariance Across Four Successive Years. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-factor-loadings-of-the-sas-a-items-for-boys-n-630-1czjdvq0.png Table 4. Factor Loadings of the SAS-A Items for Boys (n = 630) and Girls (n = 712) Across Four Successive Years in the Configural Invariance Model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-estimates-of-the-intercept-and-slope-factors-in-the-3bvc2k8j.png Table 7. Estimates of the Intercept and Slope Factors in the Latent Growth Models for Boys and Girls Separately. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimates-of-the-intercept-and-slope-factors-in-the-2ujar7l3.png Table 6. Estimates of the Intercept and Slope Factors in the Latent Growth Models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-developmental-trends-in-the-three-social-anxiety-s6tvad6h.png Figure 1. Developmental trends in the three Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) subscales Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE), Social Avoidance and Distress to New Situations (SAD-New), and Generalized Social Avoidance and Distress (SAD-General) in Sample 1 (Mage = 13.4-16.4 years) and Sample 2 (Mage = 14.8-17.8 years). Social anxiety scores ranged from 1 to 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-model-fit-statistics-for-the-different-levels-of-31qpv434.png Table 5. Model Fit Statistics for the Different Levels of Measurement Invariance of the SAS-A Boys (n = 630) and Girls (n = 712) Across Four Successive Years. https://scispace.com/papers/social-capital-trust-and-entrepreneurial-productivity-21300y6hdm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shows-the-time-evolution-of-se-2a-and-sse-2b-for-sgyuby28.png Figure 2 shows the time evolution of SE (2a) and SSE (2b) for four countries, one from each quartile of per-capita income: Thailand, Panama, Spain and Japan. Countries with large differences in per-capita income, e.g. Japan and Thailand, have relatively similar shares of employers, but very different shares of solo self-employed. Japan is the only country where the https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-shows-a-summary-of-the-estimated-coefficients-of-the-3iztvbld.png Table 3 shows a summary of the estimated coefficients of the explanatory variable GDP per capita in logs, Ln(GDPpc), in simple regressions with two dependent variables: rate of employers, SE, and rate of solo self-employed, SSE, both for selected five-year sample periods, in the time interval 1987– 2011. In all estimations, the rate of employers (SE) is independent of the level of economic development (every estimated coefficients of GDP per capita are close to zero and not statistically significant). On the other hand, the estimated semi-elasticity of the rate of solo self-employed (SSE) with respect to GDP per capita is always negative, statistically significant and with a value close to −0,065 in all estimations. The relationship between self-employment rates and economic development, measured in terms of per capita income, appears to be very stable over time. https://scispace.com/papers/social-capital-in-virtual-organizations-4v2nmima5e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-relationships-between-social-capital-elements-37mx2762.png TABLE I. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SOCIAL CAPITAL ELEMENTS https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-explains-the-relationship-among-social-capital-2jacguo2.png Table 1 explains the relationship among social capital elements, it lists three elements of social capital and how they are interlinked. A shared value creates trust and strengthens ties. Trust results in shared vision and creates stronger ties. Stronger ties lead to shared vision and culture, and being central in the network creates trust. https://scispace.com/papers/social-construction-of-stormwater-control-measures-in-2lszgtvgox 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-dominant-technologies-and-meanings-of-the-2s2ude1l.png Figure 7. Dominant technologies and meanings of the Opportunity period in Copenhagen (~2005-2015). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-embedded-meanings-of-wsud-in-melbourne-and-lar-in-1m15z3vo.png Table 2. Embedded meanings of WSUD in Melbourne and LAR in Copenhagen represented with quotes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-different-pathways-of-the-system-change-3ieti6g6.png Figure 2. The different pathways of the system change, organised in phases. Modified from van der Brugge and Rotmans, (2007). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-qualitative-interviews-performed-in-11j4pcl9.png Table 1. Number of qualitative interviews performed in Melbourne and in Copenhagen across a range of actor types. (n) Number of frontrunner interviews. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-wsud-and-lar-elements-definitions-q6u3p419.png Figure 5. Comparison of WSUD and LAR elements, definitions from (Københavns Kommune, 2010b; Melbourne Water, 2005) respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dominant-technologies-and-meanings-of-the-agreement-39rraer6.png Figure 6. Dominant technologies and meanings of the Agreement period in Melbourne (~2010-2015) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-conceptual-illustration-of-the-urban-water-systems-koahffei.png Figure 4. Conceptual illustration of the urban water systems in Melbourne and Copenhagen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-conceptual-framework-used-to-analyse-the-rbhpi07e.png Figure 3. Conceptual framework used to analyse the stabilization process of WSUD/LAR in Melbourne and Copenhagen. https://scispace.com/papers/social-contagion-and-the-institutionalisation-of-gri-based-2qdbtdh1a7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-correlation-between-adoption-of-gri-guidelines-by-3l32q88x.png Table II: Correlation between adoption of GRI guidelines by financial sector companies and media attention towards GRI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-number-of-sustainability-reports-by-financial-1xftbzjh.png Table I-Number of sustainability reports by financial services firms by regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-social-contagion-and-institutionalisation-of-gri-1sx008zb.png Figure I: Social Contagion and Institutionalisation of GRI-based sustainability reporting https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-number-of-media-articles-focusing-attention-on-gri-3qvc1tq3.png Table IV Number of media articles focusing attention on GRI by regions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-a-snapshot-of-the-language-of-early-adopter-448x3u8u.png Table III: A Snapshot of the Language of Early Adopter Reports 2000-2005. https://scispace.com/papers/social-democracy-as-a-development-strategy-3jat5e1a9j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-workers-share-of-the-surplus-the-size-of-the-modern-3u9jzg7l.png Figure 1: Workers' Share of the Surplus, the Size of the Modern Sector, and Growth https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-wages-and-employment-without-surplus-labor-wr4qbe65.png Figure 3: Wages and Employment without Surplus Labor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-wages-and-employment-with-surplus-labor-2rwj86mp.png Figure 2: Wages and Employment with Surplus Labor https://scispace.com/papers/social-ecological-vulnerability-to-climate-change-in-the-33pyji3xz1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-proportions-of-households-by-degrees-of-social-1dkvjy3b.png Figure 11: Proportions of Households by degrees of Social-Ecological Vulnerability in Meghauli, Lumle and Upper-Mustang, Nepal https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-mean-social-ecological-vulnerability-index-in-1ofp4ajg.png Figure 10: The Mean Social-Ecological Vulnerability Index in Meghauli, Lumle and UpperMustang, Nepal https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-social-ecological-vulnerability-of-households-to-116km8fz.png Figure 9: Social-ecological Vulnerability of Households to Climate Change in Meghauli, Lumle and Upper-Mustang, Nepal https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-study-area-a-nepal-in-the-world-map-and-the-34yeoh6e.png Figure 1: Map of Study Area – a. Nepal in the World Map and the locations of Study Clusters in Nepal, b. Map of the Meghauli Cluster, c. Map of the Lumle Cluster, and d. Map of the UpperMustang Cluster. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-proportions-of-households-by-degree-of-sensitivity-p5cfevaa.png Figure 5: Proportions of Households by degree of Sensitivity in Meghauli, Lumle and UpperMustang, Nepal https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-adaptive-capacity-of-households-to-climate-change-2imfct15.png Figure 6: Adaptive Capacity of Households to Climate Change in Meghauli, Lumle and UpperMustang, Nepal https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sensitivity-of-households-to-climate-change-in-1usyxe4x.png Figure 4: Sensitivity of Households to Climate Change in Meghauli, Lumle and Upper-Mustang, Nepal https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-vulnerability-components-and-associated-variables-ejn3ezu3.png Table 1: Vulnerability Components and associated Variables applied by the Study https://scispace.com/papers/social-enterprise-spin-outs-an-institutional-analysis-of-2vj021tb5r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-csos-usos-and-sesos-from-a-comparative-perspective-wsgw0bv5.png Table 2. CSOs, USOs and SESOs from a comparative perspective https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-profile-of-organisations-237dl7zi.png Table 1 – Profile of Organisations https://scispace.com/papers/social-exclusion-and-land-administration-in-orissa-india-1g26e85y6v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-conflict-and-complementarity-in-stakeholder-muw794d1.png TABLE 17: CONFLICT AND COMPLEMENTARITY IN STAKEHOLDER INTERESTS .....................................................................68 https://scispace.com/papers/social-enterprises-and-public-health-improvement-in-england-2zpsrw8rq0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-roles-of-participants-3cxlk05m.png Table 1 Summary of roles of participants https://scispace.com/papers/social-exclusion-leads-to-divergent-changes-of-oxytocin-3m1t1n2aut 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-experimental-design-oxytocin-and-cortisol-levels-2uli5xcu.png Fig. 1. a Experimental design: oxytocin and cortisol levels were measured at four time points before and after Cyberball. b Peripheral oxytocin levels. c Cortisol levels. A repeated measurements ANOVA for baseline and t1 showed a significant difference for the development over time between BPD patients and healthy controls (HC, F = 4.957; d.f. = 1; p = 0.032 * ). Cortisol decreased significantly over time in both groups (F = 34.301; d.f. = 1.392; p = 0.001 * ), as expected according to its circadian change. https://scispace.com/papers/social-hierarchies-a-laboratory-study-on-punishment-patterns-3c1mfbmda3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-determinants-of-contributions-3v68bhj4.png Table 5: Determinants of contributions https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-efficiency-average-profits-35khaz9t.png Table 9: Efficiency (average profits) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-efficiency-profits-analysis-2aw9v797.png Table 10: Efficiency (profits) analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-contributions-30sm55gf.png Figure 2: Evolution of contributions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-contribution-first-period-14ryoqa5.png Table 3: Average contribution - First period https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-determinants-of-punishment-3ocxdy58.png Table 7: Determinants of punishment https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-punishment-points-sent-across-networks-and-types-1f8peva8.png Table 6: Punishment points sent across networks and types https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-networks-kvqt231p.png Figure 1: Networks https://scispace.com/papers/social-inequalities-in-sleep-disordered-breathing-evidence-4v1mghvgtk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-general-characteristics-of-included-participants-31nw9byt.png Table 1: General characteristics of included participants (HypnoLaus|CoLaus study) https://scispace.com/papers/social-integration-and-dialect-divergence-in-coastal-172rgcaj0u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-lenition-of-in-the-combined-sample-of-jaffa-1vv80o2k.png Table 3: Lenition of (ʕ) in the combined sample of Jaffa residents and refugees of Jaffa heritage living in Gaza City correlated with Community (R2=0.051; p=7.35e-07) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-lenition-of-in-the-combined-sample-of-jaffa-26ih80gy.png Table 4: Lenition of (ʕ) in the combined sample of Jaffa residents and refugees of Jaffa heritage living in Gaza City correlated with Year of Birth (R2=0.051; p=0.0273) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-deletion-of-in-the-speech-of-jaffa-residents-37r8mz18.png Table 5: Deletion of (ʕ) in the speech of Jaffa residents correlated with Age (R2=0.272; p<0.05) (from Horesh 2014) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-realization-of-q-in-the-speech-of-jaffa-refugees-jwkiz9ng.png Table 10: Realization of (Q) in the speech of Jaffa refugees living in Gaza City correlated with Gender (R2=0.473; p=2.54e-29) (from Cotter in press) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-realization-of-ah-in-the-speech-of-jaffa-residents-1elxhom8.png Table 7: Realization of (AH) in the speech of Jaffa residents and refugees of Jaffa heritage living in Gaza City correlated with Community (R2=0.559; p=1.85e-89) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-realization-of-ah-in-the-speech-of-jaffa-residents-3k1a8r53.png Table 8: Realization of (AH) in the speech of Jaffa residents and refugees of Jaffa heritage living in Gaza City correlated with Year of Birth (R2=0.559; p=1.8e-09) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-deletion-of-in-the-speech-of-jaffa-residents-2fxgjden.png Table 6: Deletion of (ʕ) in the speech of Jaffa residents correlated with Occupational Group (R2=0.272; p<10e-10) (from Horesh 2014) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-the-combined-sample-of-residents-of-34x0mq44.png Table 1: Demographics of the combined sample of residents of Jaffa and Jaffa refugees living in Gaza City (f = female; m = male) https://scispace.com/papers/social-infrastructure-and-productivity-of-manufacturing-3q3czgoltm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-real-gdp-growth-and-expenditure-on-social-2iew504g.png Figure 1: Real GDP growth and expenditure on social infrastructure in Pakistan, 2001-2013 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-share-of-industrial-value-added-in-gdp-in-south-hmpzo3it.png Figure 2: Share of Industrial Value Added in GDP in South Asia, 1990-2014 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-social-infrastructure-on-firm-output-zyp7zjua.png Table 3: Effect of Social Infrastructure on Firm Output: Results from OLS Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-health-expenditure-comparison-selected-south-asian-2mty7sms.png Figure 5: Health Expenditure Comparison: Selected South Asian Countries and Nigeria, 1995- 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-firm-and-district-level-variable-description-and-10q3qn97.png Table 1: Firm and District Level Variable: Description and Sources https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-firm-and-district-level-variables-descriptive-3sahqimk.png Table 2: Firm and District Level Variables: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ease-of-doing-business-ranking-in-south-asia-2006-1vkdsltm.png Figure 4: Ease of Doing Business Ranking in South Asia, 2006-2015 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-global-competitive-index-ranking-in-south-asia-2003-1idmb6m3.png Figure 3: Global Competitive Index Ranking in South Asia, 2003-2015 https://scispace.com/papers/social-media-political-polarization-and-political-4o1xubc6fc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-social-media-political-polarization-misperception-zbifq5op.png Figure 2. Social Media, Political Polarization, Misperception and Democratic Quality https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-guide-to-terms-in-the-literature-reviews-270ucxqo.png Table 1: A Guide to Terms in the Literature Reviews https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-social-media-political-polarization-misperception-3my4p2pn.png Figure 1. Social Media, Political Polarization, Misperception and Democratic Quality https://scispace.com/papers/social-mobility-via-elite-placements-working-class-graduates-37p72nrmjy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-binary-results-of-graduates-taking-placements-in-3b488nvy.png Table 4 Binary results of graduates taking placements in elite firms https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-binary-results-of-graduates-working-for-elite-firms-21xjdi6l.png Table 3 Binary results of graduates working for elite firms https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-graduates-h1n6w7xa.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics of graduates https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-employed-graduates-by-1rum913e.png Table 2 Descriptive statistics of employed graduates by placement participation and elite accounting or banking firms https://scispace.com/papers/social-media-strategies-for-companies-a-comprehensive-2j4kpbjohm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-social-media-strategy-framework-21-5isbun8u.png Fig 1. Social Media Strategy Framework [21] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-social-media-platform-evaluation-31-17cgt70y.png Fig 2. Social Media Platform Evaluation [31] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-comprehensive-social-media-strategy-framework-3f62zkk5.png Fig 3. A Comprehensive Social Media Strategy Framework https://scispace.com/papers/social-media-marketing-comparative-effect-of-advertisement-4gjftan66x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-advertising-value-model-for-marketers-6rq5p4d7.png Figure 4: Advertising Value Model for Marketers https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-fitness-values-for-advertisement-value-38jpt6hz.png Table 1: Model Fitness Values for Advertisement Value https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-advertising-value-model-for-the-aspirational-1i09938j.png Figure 3: Advertising Value Model for the Aspirational Reference Group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-advertising-value-model-1odmhk6y.png Figure 1: Advertising Value Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-loading-value-and-relative-contribution-for-khkm62ex.png Table 2: Loading Value and Relative Contribution for Advertisement Value Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-advertising-value-model-for-the-associative-298wc2b2.png Figure 2: Advertising Value Model for the Associative Reference Group https://scispace.com/papers/social-media-financial-reporting-opacity-and-return-4wvgspwwt8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-table-3hr3z5ik.png Table 2: Correlation table https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-22aneivq.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summary-statistics-of-seeking-alpha-articles-38cklmox.png Figure 1: Summary statistics of Seeking Alpha articles https://scispace.com/papers/social-network-de-anonymization-under-scale-free-user-3eodin7y22 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-number-of-matched-good-pairs-vs-number-of-seeds-for-25aiz4q5.png Fig. 3. Number of matched good pairs vs number of seeds, for different graphs and algorithms: Chung-Lu vs G(n, p), PGM vs DDM, fixed s = 0.7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-number-of-good-thick-lines-and-bad-thin-lines-matches-2haqjlip.png Fig. 4. Number of good (thick lines) and bad (thin lines) matches vs number of seeds, using the Facebook snapshot as ground-truth. Comparison between DDM and PGM, for fixed s = 0.7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-number-of-good-thick-lines-and-bad-thin-lines-matched-8rcwj1y0.png Fig. 5. Number of good (thick lines) and bad (thin lines) matched pairs for DDM (r = 12 → 4), in the Facebook graph, for different values of thinning probability s and seed selection strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-graphical-representation-of-slice-partitioning-in-the-3tofuvr9.png Fig. 1. Graphical representation of slice partitioning. In the case of G1 and G2 the figure also highlights the sub-intervals within a slice that are used in the proof given in in the Supplemental Material. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-the-percolation-process-on-the-pairs-graph-2int2xg3.png Fig. 2. Example of the percolation process on the pairs graph, for slices P2, . . . ,Pk . Columns correspond to different stages of the process. Grey and white pairs denote bad and good pairs, respectively. Red pairs represent the initial seeds in the first stage and matched pairs in the following stages. https://scispace.com/papers/social-network-theory-broadband-and-the-future-of-the-world-3mdx6tl32w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stability-in-an-example-network-2f02jg1v.png Figure 3: Stability in an Example Network https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stability-in-the-star-network-1kn3m2fo.png Figure 4: Stability in the Star Network https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-stability-in-the-complete-network-39o0ss1a.png Figure 5: Stability in the Complete Network https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-network-250y0tac.png Figure 1: Example Network https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-complexity-2ckvq8cr.png Figure 2: Complexity https://scispace.com/papers/social-networks-and-the-intention-to-migrate-v1agt69nh3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-for-international-migration-intention-by-2ht1hxrg.png Table 6: Results for international migration intention by income group https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-marginal-effects-using-the-constructed-indexes-314a7o7a.png Table 4: Marginal effects using the constructed indexes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-actual-migration-vs-intentions-1axekknc.png Figure 1: Actual migration vs. intentions https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-iv-regressions-with-single-questions-1ibi3nkc.png Table 8: IV regressions with single questions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-intention-to-stay-or-to-out-migrate-summary-numbers-1sv3f1fv.png Table 1: Intention to stay or to out-migrate: summary numbers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shapley-value-decomposition-3cidm6ac.png Figure 2: Shapley value decomposition https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-regressions-with-single-questions-instead-of-2mk5j58r.png Table 7: Regressions with single questions instead of principal components https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-intention-to-migrate-internationally-and-individual-228ksnhi.png Table 10: Intention to migrate internationally and individual education levels https://scispace.com/papers/social-norms-and-gift-behavior-theory-and-evidence-from-193fedbe4o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-gross-gifts-received-1jcubb7a.png Table 7: Gross Gifts Received https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gifts-between-households-2nnz67f6.png Table 3: Gifts between households https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-conditions-for-possible-equilibria-2ahyzl6k.png Table 1: Conditions for possible equilibria https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-characteristics-and-definitions-of-the-variables-2uvxnri2.png Table 10: Characteristics and definitions of the variables used in the analysis (N=2,311) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-comparative-statics-for-gifts-x-1-from-1-3n54de9w.png Table 2: Summary of comparative statics for gifts x∗1 from 1 to 2 P (x∗1 > 0) x ∗ 1|x∗1 > 0 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-gross-gifts-received-for-the-poor-and-the-rich-3vbsn39r.png Table 8: Gross gifts received for the poor and the rich https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-gifts-by-relationship-to-the-head-of-the-respondent-2w4qw9a7.png Table 4: Gifts by relationship to the head of the respondent household (N=2,311) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-gifts-by-relationship-to-the-head-of-the-respondent-is95xpu6.png Table 5: Gifts by relationship to the head of the respondent household (N=2,311) https://scispace.com/papers/social-norms-and-the-law-why-peoples-obey-the-law-4r0faa2341 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-schwartz-cultural-value-dimensions-1u1w3o60.png Table 1. The Schwartz Cultural Value Dimensions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-williamson-model-of-social-institutions-3gizmok2.png Figure 1. The Williamson Model of Social Institutions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-schwartz-model-of-relations-among-cultural-25jtr5by.png Figure 2. The Schwartz Model of Relations among Cultural Orientations https://scispace.com/papers/social-participation-and-friendship-quality-of-students-with-kyf9aej346 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlations-between-self-concept-and-peer-wbi8fmj1.png Table 4. Correlations between self-concept and peer-acceptance and dimensions of friendship quality for students with SEN https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-peer-acceptance-friendships-social-self-concept-and-36gm6ijg.png Table 1. Peer-acceptance, friendships, social self-concept and interactions of students with and without SEN https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-scores-on-the-fqs-subscales-for-students-with-20q67f8w.png Table 3. Mean scores on the FQS subscales for students with and without SEN https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-peer-acceptance-number-of-friendships-and-3u312w58.png Table 2. Peer-acceptance, number of friendships and participation in cohesive subgroups for students with and without SEN https://scispace.com/papers/social-preferences-or-personal-career-concerns-field-3swi8uhiv6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimation-results-on-player-performance-all-players-2zk8ixxr.png Table 4: Estimation Results on Player Performance (All Players) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-robustness-check-2-estimation-results-on-player-2xh7tuiw.png Table 8: Robustness Check 2: Estimation Results on Player Performance (All Players) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-timeline-of-the-analysis-ghu12wbt.png Figure 1: Timeline of the Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimation-results-for-the-wage-equation-3dqx1trh.png Table 3: Estimation Results for the Wage Equation https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-robustness-check-1-estimation-results-on-player-ai5unjxd.png Table 7: Robustness Check 1: Estimation Results on Player Performance (All Players) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-a-comparison-of-player-characteristics-across-10xn613d.png Table 6: A Comparison of Player Characteristics across Changing-and Non-Changing Players https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-26ridt77.png Table 1: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimation-results-on-player-performance-changing-vs-1hrgxu0c.png Table 5: Estimation Results on Player Performance (Changing vs. Non-Changing Players) https://scispace.com/papers/social-personal-data-stores-the-nuclei-of-decentralised-2771vxy432 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cartoon-illustration-of-indx-endpoints-work-in-tor-pmk9l7xf.png Figure 3: Cartoon illustration of INDX endpoints work in Tor; a single user (indicated as bubbles outside) can have as many identities as he or she wants; each identity creates a hidden service endpoint within the Tor network. When endpoints interact, they have no notion of which endpoints correspond to which physical INDX hosts or owners because all exchanges are conducted through the anonymising onion network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-original-cimba-client-top-running-on-the-linked-2g49ko0l.png Figure 2: Original CIMBA client, top, running on the Linked Data Platform, communicating transparently with INDX’s TIMON (bottom) via the schema-translation rule engine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-transformer-engine-loaded-with-cimbatimon-37afnz1x.png Figure 1: Transformer engine loaded with CIMBATIMON microblogging bidirectional transform rule from INDX representation to CIMBA. https://scispace.com/papers/social-robots-and-young-children-s-early-language-and-28guuzonfe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-reviewed-articles-showing-aims-345vxb97.png Table 1. Summary of the Reviewed Articles showing Aims, Participants, Social Robot Type, Activities, Measures, Skills, Theories, and Findings https://scispace.com/papers/social-process-tracing-bringing-back-the-social-into-the-1f61r92zo4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-initial-process-theory-sketch-2tqzg6kz.png Figure 2 – initial process theory sketch https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-abstract-social-process-theory-99g37fnx.png Figure 1 – An abstract social process theory. https://scispace.com/papers/social-utility-functions-part-ii-applications-12zr8dizgv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-monte-carlo-results-global-structure-markov-1szdcxj1.png TABLE IV MONTE CARLO RESULTS: GLOBAL STRUCTURE, MARKOV STRUCTURE, AND OPTIMAL SOLUTIONS FOR HORIZON DEPTH https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-monte-carlo-results-satisficing-versus-optimal-3gzqkxii.png TABLE V MONTE CARLO RESULTS: SATISFICING VERSUS OPTIMAL, Horizon Depth 2, 3, 4, AND 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-2mxmmbl0.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulated-uav-trajectories-a-satisficing-design-b-9addpryl.png Fig. 6. Simulated UAV trajectories: (a) Satisficing design. (b) Optimal design. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-satisficing-decision-regions-for-the-prisoners-dilemma-91w8vq5c.png Fig. 3. Satisficing decision regions for the Prisoner’s Dilemma game: (a) joint decisions and (b) individual decisions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-ordinal-vn-m-payoff-matrix-for-the-battle-of-the-3b6frr2m.png TABLE III ORDINAL VN-M PAYOFF MATRIX FOR THE BATTLE OF THE SEXES GAME https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-praxeic-network-for-the-hierarchy-uav-game-2q2l0gxk.png Fig. 5. Praxeic network for the hierarchy UAV game. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-praxeic-network-for-a-three-agent-system-180cfm1f.png Fig. 1. Praxeic network for a three-agent system. https://scispace.com/papers/social-security-personal-account-participation-with-1oipsagdac 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impact-of-account-premium-on-aggregate-2e8gvlxk.png Figure 4. Impact of Account Premium on Aggregate Participation by Education Category https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-impact-of-account-premium-on-aggregate-11a2o3pk.png Figure 8. Impact of Account Premium on Aggregate Participation by Type of Private-Pension Coverage https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-means-of-selected-variables-in-the-estimation-3v4mcpqx.png Table 1. Sample Means of Selected Variables in the Estimation Sample, Standard Deviations in Parentheses, Medians in Square Brackets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-impact-of-account-premium-on-aggregate-1adjchjf.png Figure 3. Impact of Account Premium on Aggregate Participation by Age Category https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-impact-of-account-premium-on-aggregate-30o4lfw0.png Figure 7. Impact of Account Premium on Aggregate Participation by Sex https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-impact-of-account-premium-on-aggregate-2r5il0cw.png Figure 6. Impact of Account Premium on Aggregate Participation by Marital Status https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-implied-match-rate-by-earnings-for-an-account-36r75jpf.png Figure 1. Implied Match Rate by Earnings for an Account Premium of 5 Percent https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selection-corrected-instrumental-variable-structural-jclm42do.png Table 2. Selection-Corrected Instrumental-Variable Structural Parameter Estimates of 401(k) Contributions for Selected Variables, Standard Errors in Parentheses https://scispace.com/papers/social-significance-of-trunk-use-in-captive-asian-elephants-3nx5mrawm1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1bsggka6.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-342mavbd.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1y0ufddr.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a4zz7kvf.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-737-observed-times-and-frequencies-of-touches-in-4asc3ztt.png Table 3. 737 Observed times and frequencies of touches in each focal animal. 738 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-5n98nqob.png Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-735-ethogram-of-social-behaviours-736-3cyhib57.png Table 2. 735 Ethogram of social behaviours. 736 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-728-subjects-included-in-this-study-the-individuals-134j6ng0.png Table 1. 728 Subjects included in this study. The individuals with bold characters were the focal animals for this study. o indicates that the 729 individual stayed in the group during the particular period while × indicates that they did not stay in the group during that 730 particular period. * means that the individual joined or left the group in the middle of the period. 731 732 https://scispace.com/papers/social-support-and-adaptation-outcomes-in-children-and-2pn405065h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-moderating-effect-of-age-group-in-the-28ep8h1m.png Figure 2. The moderating effect of age group in the association between social support and proxy-reported externalizing problems of child and adolescent girls with CP https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-multiple-mediation-analyses-for-models-1ap7i9z0.png Table 3. Summary of multiple mediation analyses for models including self and proxy-reported psychological maladjustment and HRQL (5000 bootstraps). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gender-and-age-group-as-moderators-of-multiple-3bu6ngxv.png Figure 1. Gender and age group as moderators of multiple mediated pathways from social support to HRQL https://scispace.com/papers/social-workers-experiences-with-the-south-african-policy-1r6pth3wap 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-themes-and-sub-themes-3gfrd3ma.png Table 2: Themes and sub-themes https://scispace.com/papers/socially-responsible-and-conventional-investment-funds-l499f577ll 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-five-factor-model-estimates-for-sr-conventional-and-3jvjh2km.png Table 6: Five factor model estimates for SR, Conventional, and Difference (SRF-CF) fund by fund - Matched Sample - 2007 global financial crisis period https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-five-factor-model-estimations-for-sr-conventional-ocx97xby.png Table 2: Five factor model estimations for SR, Conventional, and Difference (SRF-CF) Superfunds - Unbalanced Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-for-sr-conventional-and-3jqrnxvr.png Table 3: Descriptive Statistics for SR, Conventional, and Difference (SRF-CF) superfunds - Matched Sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distributions-in-deciles-of-alpha-and-other-risk-3i69khmr.png Figure 4: Distributions (in deciles) of alpha and other risk factors for the unbalanced sample and for the matched sample (All Sample specification). Panel A and Panel B: alpha for unbalanced and matched sample respectively; Panel C and Panel D: SMB for unbalanced and matched sample respectively; Panel E and Panel F: Market for unbalanced and matched sample respectively; Panel G and Panel H: HML for unbalanced and matched sample respectively; Panel I and Panel J: MoM for unbalanced and matched sample respectively; Panel K and Panel L: Timing for unbalanced and matched sample respectively; https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-panel-a-recursive-sharpe-ratio-3-year-estimation-27kadj9l.png Figure 5: Panel A: Recursive Sharpe Ratio 3-Year estimation window (left) for the matched sample SR and Conventional superfunds (All Sample specification); Panel B: Recursive Sharpe Ratio 5-Year estimation window (right) for the matched sample SR and Conventional superfunds (All Sample specification). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-five-factor-model-estimates-for-sr-conventional-and-2mwasycg.png Table 4: Five factor model estimates for SR, Conventional, and Difference (SRF-CF) Superfunds - Matched Sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-panel-a-recursive-alpha-3-year-estimation-window-1hflus56.png Figure 6: Panel A: Recursive alpha 3-Year estimation window (left) for the matched sample SR and Conventional superfunds (All Sample specification); Panel B: Recursive alpha 5-Year estimation window (left) for the matched sample SR and Conventional superfunds (All Sample specification). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-panel-a-recursive-alpha-3-year-estimation-window-38ul2gi0.png Figure 7: Panel A: Recursive alpha 3-Year estimation window (left) for the matched sample fund by fund SRF and CF (All Sample specification); Panel B: Recursive alpha 5-Year estimation window (left) for the matched sample fund by fund SRF and CF (All Sample specification). https://scispace.com/papers/socially-responsible-merchant-operations-comparison-of-lpe23l08ab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-ar-and-rcvar-policies-2j4e1y16.png Table 1 Properties of AR and RCVaR policies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-of-cash-flows-under-p-sn-and-p-sn-c-3ixhaac4.png Fig. 3. Distribution of cash flows under π SN and π SN\{C} policies. (For interpretation of the colors in this figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-asset-value-shutdown-probability-trade-off-under-the-335b2a8s.png Fig. 2. Asset value-shutdown probability trade-off under the CVaR, RCVaR, and AR policies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-worst-and-best-realizations-of-the-3mpvxm9n.png Fig. 1. Illustration of the worst and best realizations of the profit distribution X(wi+1), respectively, considered by CVaRα,i [X(wi+1)] and RCVaRα,i [X(wi+1)]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-asset-value-loss-and-coefficient-of-variation-under-zg84txfw.png Table 2 Asset value loss (%) and coefficient of variation under AR and RCVaR policies for fixed shutdown probability levels. https://scispace.com/papers/socially-thermoregulated-thinking-how-past-experiences-4xbs6td0bj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-interaction-between-relationship-closeness-cd62k7p2.png Figure 2. Interaction between Relationship Closeness Regulation and temperature condition in a French sample, created in ggplot2 (Wickham & Chang, 2016). Higher scores on the RCR indicate less closeness in the relationship regulation orientation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interaction-between-relationship-closeness-j6qdsqxr.png Figure 1. Interaction between Relationship Closeness Regulation and temperature condition in a Dutch sample, created in ggplot2 (Wickham & Chang, 2016). Higher scores on the RCR indicate less closeness in the relationship regulation orientation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-influential-observations-detected-through-cooks-23u6imgq.png Figure 3. Influential observations detected through Cook’s distance. The model was our replication interaction model. https://scispace.com/papers/socially-responsible-investment-good-and-bad-times-2j59o2bqcs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ms-models-for-each-index-groups-11ns9yot.png Table 2: MS Models for Each Index Groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-transformed-difference-of-the-sharpe-index-and-59gjmjmr.png Table 6: Transformed Difference of the Sharpe Index and Significance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-probabilities-of-regimes-for-the-fus-2u9hnhmb.png Figure 1: Probabilities of Regimes for the FUS https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-transition-probabilities-and-characteristics-of-ms-2c7vrdo7.png Table 3: Transition Probabilities and Characteristics of MS Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimated-systematic-and-unsystematic-risk-1wtvbv6n.png Table 5: Estimated Systematic and Unsystematic risk https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-sri-and-benchmark-indices-2q3ym3tp.png Table 1: Characteristics of SRI and Benchmark Indices https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-probabilities-of-regimes-for-the-ussm-2vb93q2d.png Figure 4: Probabilities of Regimes for the USSM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-probabilities-of-regimes-for-the-dsi-ohgsswsy.png Figure 3: Probabilities of Regimes for the DSI https://scispace.com/papers/socially-assistive-robots-the-specific-case-of-the-nao-3nylg94xk8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-selected-studies-in-mild-cognitive-impairment-and-s18ojue8.png Table 5 Selected studies in Mild cognitive impairment and dementia Note. 1 +: positive finding, =: neutral finding, –: negative finding. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-studies-in-affectivity-note-1-positive-3vqu2625.png Table 2 Selected studies in Affectivity Note. 1 +: positive finding, =: neutral finding, –: negative finding. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-selected-studies-in-autism-and-intellectual-15sbtt6g.png Table 6 Selected studies in Autism and Intellectual disability Note. 1 +: positive finding, =: neutral finding, –: negative finding. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-selected-studies-in-assisted-teaching-note-1-31kzbj1m.png Table 4 Selected studies in Assisted teaching Note. 1 +: positive finding, =: neutral finding, –: negative finding. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-studies-in-social-interactions-note-1-11kzr21n.png Table 1 Selected studies in Social Interactions Note. 1 +: positive finding, =: neutral finding, –: negative finding. Attitudes. Eight studies (578 participants) focused on the effect of the robot on the participants’ attitude. In a Japanese study, two NAO robots were used in a hotel to inform the guests about multiple services [8]. The authors wanted to evaluate how users respond to robot’s different types of verbal interaction. In order to do so, they investigated if either direct or indirect (robot talking to the other robot) speech had the biggest impact on guests. The direct form of speech was represented by the robot giving information directly to the guests, whereas the indirect speech was represented by two NAO robots sharing information to each other, therefore giving the information indirectly to the guests. The results show that direct speech is more attractive to the guests, while indirect speech enhances human-human interactions. In another study also investigating the effects of direct or indirect speech, but this time with product advertising, the authors did not observe any difference between the two types of speech for changing the participants’ attitude towards the advertised product [9]. The results of the two previous studies show that the effect of direct and indirect speech is still not clear in human-robot interaction. Then, [10] examined the effect of the robot making communication errors (e.g. repeating itself, asking the user to repeat or not answering at all when it is supposed to) on the relation between the participant and the robot. The authors observed that the earlier the errors appear (i.e. at the beginning of the interaction) the better it is for the robot’s influence, which is preserved. Otherwise, latter errors will affect the capability of the robot to influence the user. In addition, if the errors occur after a good performance from the robot, they will be more https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-review-process-30qgq6um.png Figure 2 Schematic review process https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-selected-studies-in-intervention-note-1-positive-244rjrfm.png Table 3: Selected studies in Intervention Note. 1 +: positive finding, =: neutral finding, –: negative finding. Interviewer. Three studies (32 participants) assessed the interviewer value of the NAO robot. The first study compared the NAO robot to a human interviewer to conduct an employment interview [32]. Results showed no significant difference between the human and the robot interviewers, which suggests that the NAO robot is a conceivable interviewer. Then, a pilot study introduced a NAO robot in a working environment [33]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-softbank-robotics-europe-4r7fbqqu.png Figure 1 Softbank Robotics Europe https://scispace.com/papers/socially-aware-path-planning-for-mobile-robots-4cha80evdv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-model-learning-with-real-world-data-a-robot-follows-28jk77v1.png Figure 4: Model Learning with real world data, (a) robot follows a person, (b) initialize the SHMM with the observed trajectory in (a), (c) SHMM after observing more than 70 trajectories, (d) learned model is represented as a uni modal Gaussian distribution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-map-used-in-experiments-desk-areas-hallways-and-2fez226j.png Figure 3: The map used in experiments. Desk areas, hallways and common areas are marked as "D", "H" and "C" respectively. LISA’s pose is shown by a red circle and the observed laser reading is shown as a red outline. Note the limited observability LISA in the environment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-a-cost-map-for-socially-aware-path-planning-346kurdl.png Figure 8: The A∗-cost map for socially aware path planning, illustrating the cost for traversal in a 2D grid. This cost map is also indicative for the cost of the PRM graph. Note that the cost map needs to be updated whenever the SHMM is updated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-socially-aware-path-planning-based-on-real-data-1h25jdr1.png Figure 9: Socially aware path planning based on real data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-lisa-robot-navigating-in-its-environment-b-the-10sdpw94.png Figure 1: a) LISA robot navigating in its environment. b) The office environment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-an-shmm-is-adapting-to-a-slightly-changed-pvgmx6t1.png Figure 5: An SHMM is adapting to a slightly changed environment. (a) The initial common trajectory, (b) The SHMM representation of the common trajectory. (c) An obstacle causes a slight change of the trajectory (d) SHMM adapting to the new situation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-a-path-generated-using-basic-prm-b-the-robot-e3cy8bf6.png Figure 10: (a) A path generated using basic PRM. (b) The robot reaches the defined goal (c) The robot detects a walking person and start tracking (d) The newly observed track has been added to the model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-an-shmm-adapting-to-a-large-change-the-initial-2gr8etm1.png Figure 6: An SHMM adapting to a large change. The initial trajectory and SHMM are the same as in Figure 5. (a) A large obstacle causes a drastic change in the trajectory (b) The large change of the trajectory leads to the learning of a new branch of the SHMM. Initially, the transition ac is estimated to be less likely than ab as indicated by the thickness of the transition lines. (c) and (d) Observing the changed behavior repeatedly leads to an increase of ab transition probability than that of ac. https://scispace.com/papers/societes-et-fluctuations-du-climat-dans-les-alpes-nord-up72usdrm6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cadre-chrono-culturel-du-neolithique-moyen-des-bj2ilyx5.png Figure 2 - Cadre chrono-culturel du Néolithique moyen des Alpes nord-occidentales. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ci-contre-synthese-des-donnees-archeologiques-et-37fpgkeu.png Figure 7 (ci-contre) - Synthèse des données archéologiques et climatiques. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-vue-generale-du-site-des-vignettes-a-bellentre-3gc5xb3y.png Figure 6 - Vue générale du site des Vignettes à Bellentre (photo Pierre-Jérôme Rey). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-localisation-de-la-zone-etudiee-dans-les-alpes-nord-2pkyc6q9.png Figure 1 - Localisation de la zone étudiée dans les Alpes nord-occidentales et carte des sites du Néolithique moyen. https://scispace.com/papers/socio-economic-background-and-early-post-compulsory-4x8nu8428q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-direct-effect-and-indirect-effect-mediated-via-isei-1q25iveq.png Table 4 Direct effect and indirect effect (mediated via ISEI) of ethnic minority membership from the binomial logistic regressions for the probability of experiencing transitions in Cluster 2, 4, 8, and 10 instead of Cluster 1 (General Education/University)—only clusters with significant differences in Table 3. (Average Partial Effects and bootstrapped standard errors [1000 replications]) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-total-effects-from-the-binomial-logistic-regressions-37iwftpl.png Table 3 Total effects from the binomial logistic regressions for the probability of experiencing transitions in each of the 10 clusters instead of cluster 1 (General Education/University). (Average Partial Effects and bootstrapped standard errors [1000 replications]) https://scispace.com/papers/socio-cognitive-engineering-i2zmsemtqn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-flow-and-main-products-of-the-8do00ykv.png Figure 1. Overview of the flow and main products of the design process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-multi-level-structure-for-field-studies-2mbsilh8.png Table 1. Multi-level structure for field studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-building-block-framework-for-socio-cognitive-374intmc.png Table 2. A ‘building block’ framework for socio-cognitive system design. https://scispace.com/papers/socio-technical-and-political-economy-perspectives-in-the-4ljl9cllay 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-power-consumption-and-supply-in-china-by-source-of-3ojo79zo.png Figure 1 Power Consumption and Supply in China by Source of Energy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2b-the-primary-relationship-among-core-stakeholders-2oov04jc.png Figure 2b The Primary relationship among core stakeholders in the stagnant electricity growth period https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2a-the-primary-relationship-among-core-stakeholders-oc9vf4wm.png Figure 2b The Primary relationship among core stakeholders in the stagnant electricity growth period https://scispace.com/papers/sociocultural-aspects-of-russian-speaking-parents-choice-of-3akav6sm3t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-final-model-of-variables-related-to-choice-of-pntfcny9.png TABLE 3 Final Model of Variables Related to Choice of Language of Instruction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-initial-sociocultural-variables-associated-with-choice-26n5eww5.png Fig. 1.—Initial sociocultural variables associated with choice of language of instruction https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-size-by-town-and-school-type-response-rates-2m5e9ed9.png TABLE 1 Sample Size by Town and School Type (Response Rates in Parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographics-of-respondents-n-p-346-uk7ljcge.png TABLE 2 Demographics of Respondents ( )n p 346 https://scispace.com/papers/sociocultural-considerations-in-aging-men-s-health-g5wggqc5c1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reframing-male-help-seeking-as-health-2pb7m881.png Table 3 Reframing male ‘‘help-seeking’’ as ‘‘health https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-screening-communication-considerations-a-1leelf7s.png Table 4 Screening communication considerations a https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-clinician-guidelines-for-self-assessment-of-cultural-15mk8p31.png Table 7 Clinician guidelines for self-assessment of cultural assumptions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-questions-to-assess-a-sociocultural-explana-29gefrl3.png Table 2 Questions to assess a sociocultural explana https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-evidence-based-sociocultural-recommendations-for-1kg502zf.png Table 8 Evidence-based sociocultural recommendations for older men https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-tailor-information-to-cultural-and-linguistic-needs-31plkht0.png Table 5 Tailor information to cultural and linguistic needs through relevant channels https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sociocultural-risk-considerations-in-mens-2dftun92.png Table 1 Sociocultural risk considerations in men’s vulnerability to illness https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-potential-social-network-interventions-to-engage-men-1bl2mgum.png Table 6 Potential social network interventions to engage men ‘‘where they live’’ https://scispace.com/papers/sociodemographic-and-genetic-influences-on-dietary-patterns-rfzwx5uix7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-food-items-contributing-to-top-seven-principal-usxbtx6i.png Table 2. Food items contributing to top seven principal components of diet proportions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-association-between-dietary-categories-body-weight-31bc4aph.png Figure 4. Association between dietary categories, body weight, and polygenic scores (A) BMI as a function of BMI polgenic score. (B) prevalence of obesity (BMI>=30) in ten decile binds from low to high. (C) Lack of association between PC1 and the BMI polygenic score, cf https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-geographic-distribution-of-principal-components-of-2oub5dak.png Figure 2. Geographic distribution of principal components of food consumption in Atlanta. Regions of greater metropolitan Atlanta are colored with respect to PC scores (positive values have stronger colors) according to the mean value in regions of the city. Midtown is at the center of each Figure, where the major highways converge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-association-of-dietary-principal-components-with-d5os463d.png Figure 3. Association of dietary principal components with chronic health conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-chdwb-ffq-sample-included-in-13gikq93.png Table 1. Characteristics of the CHDWB FFQ sample included in the study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overall-dietary-intake-of-the-total-study-cohort-1rarvxaq.png Figure 1. Overall dietary intake of the total study cohort (2552 surveys) at a glance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-association-of-dietary-principal-components-with-3oytf22d.png Table 4. Association of dietary principal components with health outcomes https://scispace.com/papers/socioeconomic-causes-of-loss-of-animal-genetic-diversity-44k6iyi60v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-case-in-which-a-local-livestock-breed-is-rendered-10v31ps3.png Figure 3 A case in which a local livestock breed is rendered extinct by import of livestock produce. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-market-systems-and-global-genetic-opportunities-27iwf5zz.png Figure 2 Market systems and global genetic opportunities result in this case in extinction of the local breed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-case-in-which-the-creation-of-markets-eliminates-1j50dtsu.png Figure 5 A case in which the creation of markets eliminates multi-purpose breeds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-swanson-lock-in-effect-when-2kesndzd.png Figure 1 Illustration of the Swanson lock-in effect when applied to choice of breeds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-modern-livestock-husbandry-may-favour-breeds-that-38afv236.png Figure 6 Modern livestock husbandry may favour breeds that are highly productive but show a low degree of environmental tolerance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-another-case-of-breed-elimination-as-result-of-3cj2qfv9.png Figure 4 Another case of breed elimination as result of market extension. https://scispace.com/papers/sociodemographic-patterning-in-the-oral-microbiome-of-a-3trgrvle7c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-differential-abundance-findings-for-otus-selected-xfmfkiw3.png Table 2. Differential abundance findings for OTUs selected based on clinical relevance, where FDR < 0.01. Data are from the oral microbiome subsample (n=282) of the New York City Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2014. https://scispace.com/papers/socioeconomic-differences-in-selection-for-liver-resection-1koepshrtx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-odds-ratio-of-undergoing-liver-resection-adjusted-td3tqaan.png Table 2 Odds ratio of undergoing liver resection adjusted for patient, tumour and hospital characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-patients-according-to-imd-3b9a5bld.png Table 1 Characteristics of patients according to IMD quintile for 13,656 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and synchronous liver-limited metastases colorectal cancer from 2010 to 2016 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-hazard-ratio-of-3-year-survival-after-colorectal-170xv498.png Table 4 Hazard ratio of 3-year survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis adjusted for demographic, tumour and intuitional factors, for all patients and restricted to patients undergoing liver resection https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-unadjusted-3-year-survival-from-date-of-colorectal-3udw1jw7.png Table 3 Unadjusted 3-year survival from date of colorectal cancer diagnosis according to IMD quintile for all patients (P<0.001) and restricted to patients undergoing liver resection (P=0.742) and those not undergoing liver resection (P<0.001) https://scispace.com/papers/socioeconomic-gradients-in-children-s-cognitive-skills-are-25s7nwxyuy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlations-between-country-estimates-of-ses-2c2gy64t.png Table 5. Correlations between country estimates of SES gradients in reading test scores based on parent and child reports: the impact of changing the comparison group https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-percentage-agreement-between-parent-and-child-109wg380.png Table 4. Percentage agreement between parent and child reports (PISA and PIRLS) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimated-ses-gradient-in-child-test-scores-3ciygal2.png Figure 4. Estimated SES gradient in child test scores – comparison of results based on parent reports and child reports of books in the home (PIRLS) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimated-ses-gradient-in-child-test-scores-2wbjs1nk.png Figure 3. Estimated SES gradient in child test scores – comparison of results based on parent reports and child reports of father’s education (PISA) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parental-and-child-reports-of-family-background-37x9ghmj.png Table 2. Parental and child reports of family background (PIRLS and PISA, 2006) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimated-ses-gradient-in-child-test-scores-1lv94pdf.png Figure 2. Estimated SES gradient in child test scores – comparison of results based on parent reports and child reports of father’s occupation (PISA) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-difference-in-mean-reading-scores-between-children-1hu50xul.png Table 3. Difference in mean reading scores between children with missing SES information and those with complete information (PISA and PIRLS 2006) https://scispace.com/papers/socioeconomic-indicators-and-ethnicity-as-determinants-of-429vdfxx1m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-socioeconomic-indicators-and-ethnicity-by-gender-2nye0iii.png Table 2. Socioeconomic indicators and ethnicity by gender. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-differences-in-tertiary-education-unemployment-2vfq2fay.png Table 3. Differences in tertiary education, unemployment, income and Roma by gender. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-standardised-mortality-rates-for-females-aged-20-64-1kjuq5uc.png Figure 2. Standardised mortality rates for females aged 20–64 years by districts in the Slovak Republic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-standardised-mortality-rates-for-males-aged-20-64-2jn16s79.png Figure 1. Standardised mortality rates for males aged 20–64 years by districts in the Slovak Republic. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlations-between-standardised-mortality-rate-2jow34z8.png Table 4. Correlations between standardised mortality rate, indicators of socioeconomic status and Roma population by gender (Pearson and Spearman Correlations) – separately. https://scispace.com/papers/socioeconomic-position-and-incidence-of-acute-myocardial-49uyydvkjt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pooled-estimates-for-the-lowest-versus-the-highest-2ry4ecqv.png Table 1 Pooled estimates for the lowest versus the highest socioeconomic category and incidence of acute myocardial infarction in series of subgroup analyses https://scispace.com/papers/socioeconomic-status-and-learning-from-financial-information-3d7qi3kn6j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-passive-task-an-example-translated-in-english-of-a-1l5zvahv.png Figure 2: Passive task: An example, translated in English, of a gain condition trial (top panel) and a loss condition trial (bottom panel). In either type of trial, subjects observe the dividend paid by the stock that trial. Then they are asked to provide an estimate for the probability that the stock is paying from the good dividend distribution, and their confidence in this estimate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-active-task-an-example-translated-in-english-of-a-1sig9xnw.png Figure 1: Active task: An example, translated in English, of a gain condition trial (top panel) and a loss condition trial (bottom panel). In either type of trial, subjects first choose between the stock and the bond. Then they observe the dividend paid by the stock that trial, no matter which asset they chose, and then are reminded of how much they have earned so far from the payoffs of the assets chosen so far in the Active investment task. Lastly, they are asked to provide an estimate for the probability that the stock is paying from the good dividend distribution, and their confidence in this estimate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-risk-aversion-and-ses-3msijqsk.png Table VII: Risk aversion and SES https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-experimental-design-each-participants-goes-through-1cm5v1dx.png Table I: Experimental design. Each participants goes through 60 trials in the Active task, and 60 trials in the Passive task. Whether the participant does the Active task first, or the Passive task first, is determined at random. Trials are split into ”learning blocks” of six: for these six trials, the learning problem is the same. That is, the computer either pays dividends from the good stock distribution in each of these six trials, or it pays from the bad distribution in each of the six trials. The good distribution is that where the high dividend occurs with 70% probability in each trial, while the low outcome occurs with 30% probability. The bad distribution is that where these probabilities are reversed: the high outcome occurs with 30% probability, and the low outcome occurs with 70% probability in each trial. At the beginning of each learning block, the computer randomly selects (with 50%-50% probabilities) whether the dividend distribution to be used in the following six trials will be the good or the bad one. There are ten learning blocks in the Active task, and ten learning blocks in the Passive task. In either task, there are five blocks in the gain condition, and five blocks in the loss condition. The order of the blocks is pseudo-randomized. An example of a sequence of loss or gain blocks that a participant may face is shown below. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-mean-and-standard-error-of-the-frequency-of-2mxyonz8.png Figure 5: The mean and standard error of the frequency of decisions to pick the stock, rather than the bond, are shown in red (solid line) for low SES participants (i.e., those in the bottom third of the SES score distribution), and in black (dashed line) for medium and high SES participants, for all levels of objective probability that the stock pays form the good dividend distribution. A risk neutral expected value maximizing investor would choose to invest in the stock (rather than the bond) in trials when the probability that the stock is the good one is 50% or higher. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-absolute-probability-estimation-errors-over-the-20-2qj3wm26.png Figure 4: Absolute probability estimation errors, over the 20 learning blocks played by each subject (10 active and 10 passive learning blocks), by SES level. For low SES subjects, probability estimates are on average 31.87% away from Bayesian posteriors in the first learning block they encounter. These subjects’ estimation errors decrease at an average rate of 0.2% per block. For mid or high SES subjects, probability estimates are on average 31.18% away from Bayesian posteriors in the first learning block they encounter. These subjects’ estimation errors decrease at an average rate of 0.35% per block. The rate of improvement in probability estimation (shown here along with the 95% confidence interval) is significantly lower for low SES participants than that for mid or high SES participants (p < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-ses-and-differences-in-probability-updating-after-3vagehiy.png Table IV: SES and differences in probability updating after high and after low dividends. The dependent variable in the OLS regressions in the table is Probability Estimateit, which is the subjective estimate for the probability that the stock pays from the good dividend distribution, given the dividend history seen by participant i up to and including trial t, in the Active version of the task. The variable Low SESi is an indicator equal to 1 for participants in the bottom third of the SES score distribution. Control variables Malei and Agei indicate the gender and age of participant i. Also included as a control in the first two columns is the subjective probability, expressed in trial t − 1, that the stock pays from the good distribution. The regressions in the last two columns include only data from the first trial in each learning block (i.e., 10 trials per subject), for which the prior belief that the stock is the good one is 50%, as indicated to subjects in the experimental instructions. That is, for observations in the last two columns, Probability Estimateit−1=50% by experimental design. Standard errors are robust to heteroskedasticity and are clustered by subject. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-subjective-estimates-for-the-probability-35wc8jl4.png Figure 3: Average subjective estimates for the probability that the stock is paying from the good dividend distribution, as a function of the objective Bayesian probability. The objective Bayesian posteriors that the stock is good which are possible in the experiment are listed in the Appendix, together with the various combinations of high and low outcomes observed during a learning block that lead to such posteriors. If subjective posteriors were Bayesian, they would equal the objective probabilities and thus would line up on the grey 45◦ line. Subjective probability estimates provided by participants for each level of the objectively correct Bayesian posterior, along with their standard errors, are shown in red (solid line) for low SES participants (i.e., those in the bottom third of the SES score distribution), and in black (dashed line) for medium and high SES participants. https://scispace.com/papers/sociotechnical-transitions-for-deep-decarbonization-fd34gaawj8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-multi-level-perspective-on-sociotechnical-ibbeh747.png Figure 1: Multi-level perspective on sociotechnical transitions (adjusted from ref. 4) https://scispace.com/papers/socs3-and-irs-1-gene-expression-differs-between-genotype-1-54nr614rm5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-insulin-receptor-substrate-1-irs-1-gene-expression-11mm8iut.png Figure 6 Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) gene expression and protein level in HepG2 infected cells. (A) IRS-1 gene expression 3 days and 2 weeks after HCV infection. (B) Levels of the IRS-1 protein in HepG2 2 weeks after HCV infection. (C) The IRS-1 protein level was significantly lower in cells infected with HCV genotype 1b vs. cells infected with HCV genotype 2 (Mann-Whitney test; *ps0.02) and vs. non-infected cells (Mann-Whitney test; ps0.02). The y-axis shows the optical density (OD) of the IRS-1 expression. Data are presented as median and mean"SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nested-rt-pcr-amplification-of-viral-sense-and-anti-2dgin3b8.png Figure 1 Nested RT-PCR amplification of viral sense and anti-sense HCV strands. (A) HCV-RNA extracted from HepG2 inoculated with HCVinfected sera was amplified with specific primers to obtain a fragment of 154 bp in positive samples for both sense strand (from lane 2 to lane 6) and anti-sense strand (from lane 9 to lane 13). Lanes 1 and 8 represent culture cells treated with non-infectious serum and lanes 7 and 14 H2O. (B) HCV-RNA was extracted from culture medium of HepG2 cells inoculated with HCV-infected sera at various time points during infection. Nested RT-PCR showed the presence of sense strand (from lane 2 to lane 5) in culture medium, whereas no signal was detected in the presence of anti-sense strand (from lane 7 to lane 10). Lane 1 represents culture cells treated with non-infectious serum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-akt-and-phospho-akt-ser473-protein-levels-in-hepg2-k50kzd8b.png Figure 7 AKT and phospho-AKT (Ser473) protein levels in HepG2 infected cells. (A) Levels of the AKT and phospho-AKT proteins in HepG2 2 weeks after HCV infection. (B) The pAKT/AKT ratio was significantly lower in genotype 1b-infected cells vs. cells not infected with genotype 1b (genotype 2-infected and not infected) cells (Student t-test, *ps0.03). The y-axis shows the optical density (OD) of the phospho-AKT expression compared to AKT protein. Data are presented as median and mean"SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-genotyping-of-hepg2-cells-and-culture-medium-with-1yj6iabp.png Figure 3 Genotyping of HepG2 cells and culture medium with Inno Lipa 2.0 Kit. The Versant HCV genotype 2.0 Assay (LiPA) uses a biotinylated DNA PCR product specific to the 59UTR and core region of the HCV genome. (A) a: the strip identifying probes that hybridize the PCR product of serum samples with genotype 1b HCV; b: the reading card to report data; c: the strip identifying probes that hybridize the PCR product of serum samples with genotype 2 HCV. (B) Presence of genotype in the cells and culture medium. Strips 1–3 represent respectively genotype 1b and 2 detected in the cells; strips 2–4 represent respectively genotype 1b and 2 detected in culture medium. Genotyping was done at every time point and for every cell culture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-viral-load-in-hepg2-cells-performed-with-qrt-pcr-5acefho8.png Figure 2 Viral load in HepG2 cells performed with qRT-PCR. Monitoring of infection in HepG2 cells treated with HCV infected sera of both genotype 1b and genotype 2. Viral levels were monitored periodically showing fluctuations in viral load ranging from 80 copies/mL to 6.7=106 copies/mL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-socs3-gene-expression-in-genotype-1b-genotype-2-and-2idalwn6.png Figure 4 SOCS3 gene expression in genotype 1b, genotype 2 and control HEPG2 cells. (A) SOCS3 gene expression profile at day 3, and 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after inoculation with HCV-infected sera. (B) After 2 weeks of HCV infection, SOCS3 gene expression was significantly up-regulated in HepG2 cells infected with HCV genotype 1b vs. cells with genotype 2 (Mann-Whitney test; *ps0.04) and non-infected cells (Mann-Whitney test; **ps0.02). (C) Mx-A gene expression 2 weeks after HCV infection. Data are presented as medians and means"SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-socs3-gene-expression-analysis-in-all-experimental-24flhfiu.png Table 1 SOCS3 gene expression analysis in all experimental points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-levels-of-the-socs3-protein-in-hepg2-2-weeks-after-v4uokcpf.png Figure 5 Levels of the SOCS3 protein in HepG2 2 weeks after HCV infection. (A) Western blot of SOCS3 and b-actin in HepG2 cells inoculated with serum from 3 HCV genotype 1b- and 3 HCV genotype 2-infected patients; 3 healthy, HCV-negative subjects served as negative control. (B) The protein level was significantly higher in cells infected with HCV genotype 1b vs. cells infected with HCV genotype 2 (Mann-Whitney test; *ps0.04) and non-infected cells (Mann-Whitney test; **ps0.03). Data are presented as median and mean"SEM. OD, optical density. https://scispace.com/papers/sodium-alginate-grafted-submicrometer-particles-display-2oecgbu5b0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dark-field-optical-microscopy-micrographs-showing-ahkcvd98.png Figure 1. Dark field optical microscopy micrographs showing the aggregation state, as a function 263 of pH (3.0 or 7.0), of SP (a, b), SP-A (c, d), and SP-A-1 (e, f) particles.264 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pictures-of-the-sedimentation-process-height-of-1gse114n.png Figure 2. Pictures of the sedimentation process (height of test tube = 15.3 cm) for SP (a, b), SP-A302 (c, d), and SP-A-1 (e, f) particles over 60 min at pHs 3.0 and 7.0 respectively; g, h) close-ups of303 SP-A-1 and SP sedimented particles, showing a clear difference in particle texture. Additional 304 results for SP-B-2 and SP-C-2 particles are displayed in Figure S6.305 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-z-of-silica-particles-untreated-sp-aptms-treated-sp-197iir3n.png Table 2. ζ of silica particles: untreated (SP), APTMS treated (SP-A to C), and APTMS+SA treated 217 particles (SP-(A-1), (B-2) and (C-2)), as a function of pH (3.0, 7.0 and 10.0). 218 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pictures-of-0-5-solution-of-pure-sa-in-di-water-at-2y5xr94t.png Figure 5. Pictures of 0.5 % solution of pure SA in DI water at pH 7.0 (a) and at pH 3.0 (b), with 373 and without urea (16 M). Solution with urea at pH 3.0 remains clear, while without urea it becomes 374 turbid. 375 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-aggregate-diameter-d-as-a-function-of-2ndzbys7.png Table 3. Average aggregate diameter D as a function of particle type, at pH 3.0 (N = number of 279 analyzed aggregates). 280 https://scispace.com/papers/sodium-borohydride-and-amine-boranes-commercially-important-52bv06m2wo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rwrp3nuv.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/papers/sodium-ion-storage-in-reduced-graphene-oxide-3sqv6fxszj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-6-a-and-b-depict-the-snapshot-of-the-relaxed-1655atae.png Figures 6(a) and (b) depict the snapshot of the relaxed structures of the adsorbed Na atoms on the graphene sheet with one SW and DV defects. It clearly shows that Na atoms tend to adsorb close to the defect sites rather than those away from the defects. In each of these cases, energy of adsorption was calculated using [53, 54]: https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-comparison-of-the-specific-discharge-capacity-of-3hna70qv.png Table 1. A comparison of the specific discharge capacity of the as prepared RGO anodes with that of previously reported anodes in NIBs. https://scispace.com/papers/soft-fault-diagnosis-for-dc-dc-converters-with-wavelet-l9mqee9oaw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-fault-mode-setting-xlr1txiy.png TABLE I. FAULT MODE SETTING https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-fault-diagnosis-results-of-fcmnn-kus421j3.png Fig. 6 The fault diagnosis results of FCMNN https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-feature-extraction-process-of-dwt-based-seven-69b38pnp.png Fig. 1 The feature extraction process of DWT-based seven-leave MRA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-structure-of-a-fcmnn-classifier-2jtt64tz.png Fig. 2 Structure of a FCMNN classifier https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-test-set-accuracy-for-each-fault-mode-under-four-1ib2vqvw.png TABLE II. TEST SET ACCURACY FOR EACH FAULT MODE UNDER FOUR CASES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-fault-diagnosis-results-of-bpnn-1cmllrlo.png Fig. 4 The fault diagnosis results of BPNN https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-fault-diagnosis-results-of-svm-huy2al10.png Fig. 5 The fault diagnosis results of SVM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-push-pull-dc-dc-converter-circuit-2y4jdj31.png Fig. 3 push-pull DC-DC converter circuit https://scispace.com/papers/sodium-glucose-co-transporter-2-inhibition-and-ocular-4xlhg0q5z6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-included-randomized-3790r1k6.png Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included randomized placebo-controlled trials and trial participants 290 https://scispace.com/papers/soft-ferrite-cores-characterization-for-integrated-micro-2jx7e4lcjx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-effect-of-sintering-temperature-on-microstructure-2c4ih5gh.png Figure 10. Effect of sintering temperature on microstructure of 40011 ferrite https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-thermomechanical-analysis-of-40011-ferrite-depl-is-3fxqzctf.png Figure 9. Thermomechanical analysis of 40011 ferrite; DEPL is the deplacement of the sample, dDEPL is the derivative of the deplacement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-microscope-image-of-esl-thin-film-milled-cores-140prjya.png Figure 2. (a) Microscope image of ESL thin-film milled cores after sintering and (b) SEM image (top view) of the test inductor with printed core and with wire-bonds to complete magnetic circuits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-core-losses-of-four-materials-as-a-function-of-1estoyeq.png Figure 8. Core losses of four materials as a function of induction variation at 1.5 MHz and 6 MHz https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-values-of-parameters-k-and-obtained-for-four-1e9734yf.png Table 3: Values of parameters k, and obtained for four materials at zero DC bias, apply for frequency 1-10 MHz and BAC = 0.1-10mT https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-different-ferrites-estimated-by-sem-3mw1lw5f.png Table 1: Composition of different ferrites estimated by SEM-EDS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sem-images-of-ferrite-microstructure-for-a-40010-25drwrv0.png Figure 3. SEM images of ferrite microstructure for (a) 40010 sintered at 950°C/2hours and (b) 40011 sintered at 885°C/3hours, (c) (d) U70 and U200 sintered at 980°C/2hours https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-measured-and-analytical-core-losses-versus-39owxitw.png Figure 7. Measured and analytical core losses versus frequency for 40011 films https://scispace.com/papers/soft-flexible-freestanding-neural-stimulation-and-recording-44cu7shojg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lcgo-electrode-pressed-into-clay-a-and-released-b-1o2hjwcb.png Figure 2. LCGO electrode pressed into clay (a) and released (b) to demonstrate flexibility and elastic deformation. (c) High magnification microscope image of electrode tip following laser ablation. (d) LCGO fiber (not laser ablated) encased in sucrose microneedle and (e) dissolved microneedle after 3 minutes in room temperature tap water. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-charge-injection-capacity-value-qinj-for-several-2uixee4p.png Table 1. Charge injection capacity value (Qinj) for several materials used to fabricate neural interfacing electrodes. For LCGO, two different methods (EIS vs CV) and two different GSA values (Disc vs Cone) are used to estimate Qinj. Further information about this procedure is in the text. References from table: *Cogan https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-flexible-electrode-insertion-into-feline-visual-1o59pqqt.png Figure 5. Flexible electrode insertion into feline visual cortex. (a) LCGO electrode is coated in a rigid sucrose carrier needle and (b) implanted into the brain. (c, d) LCGO electrode was removed from brain after 15 minutes of recording; sugar needle is completely dissolved. (e) Neural activity recorded within 20 seconds of implantation, confirming sucrose dissolution. (f) Magnified image of action potential recorded with LCGO electrode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-in-vitro-electrophysiology-using-lcgo-stimulating-me2uvj88.png Figure 4. In vitro electrophysiology using LCGO stimulating electrodes. (a) Whole retinas were explanted and placed retinal ganglion cell side up in a perfusion chamber. The LCGO electrodes were placed on the inner limiting membrane while patch clamp recordings were acquired from individual RGCs. (b) 3D reconstruction of a sample RGC. (c) Response probability for a sample cell. The blue dots show the raw probability (ratio of number of direct response to total number of stimuli) and the red line shows a sigmoidal curve fit. (d) Sigmoidal curve fits for all 8 RGCs stimulated https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-cyclic-voltammograms-for-4-lcgo-electrodes-2jtnijdc.png Figure 3. (a) Cyclic voltammograms for 4 LCGO electrodes fabricated using the same laser parameters as those employed for both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The water window is indicated by dotted lines in which no https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fabrication-and-imaging-of-lcgo-brush-electrodes-a-1774vk2d.png Figure 1. Fabrication and imaging of LCGO brush electrodes. (a) LCGOs are attached to PTFE (insulated) https://scispace.com/papers/soft-haptic-interface-based-on-vibration-and-particle-83eo0m8awn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-physical-schematic-showing-the-key-components-of-4jt1vr44.png Fig. 1. Left: Physical schematic showing the key components of the jamming device. Right: A simple prototype device consisting of a single jamming cell. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-complete-control-and-measurement-system-rsqrmw8o.png Fig. 3. The complete control and measurement system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-assembly-structure-and-components-of-the-prototype-tc2rgtva.png Fig. 2. The assembly structure and components of the prototype haptic interface https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-vibrotactile-signals-observed-from-the-prototype-2jyig5u9.png Fig. 4. Vibrotactile signals observed from the prototype interface (P = pressure, V = motor voltage) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-vibrations-recorded-at-various-pressure-levels-3667ckjv.png Fig. 5. Vibrations recorded at various pressure levels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-relationship-between-control-inputs-and-vibration-3hscus6f.png Fig. 8. Relationship between control inputs and vibration parameters under full motor power (pressure control) or 3KPa vacuum (motor control) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-frequencies-of-vibrations-recorded-at-various-pressure-30dy994q.png Fig. 6. Frequencies of vibrations recorded at various pressure levels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-vibrations-recorded-under-several-levels-of-vibration-1ekg3v1s.png Fig. 7. Vibrations recorded under several levels of vibration motor voltage https://scispace.com/papers/soft-information-and-investment-evidence-from-plant-level-2xt7ebell0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-alternative-measures-of-productive-efficiency-2tc5mues.png Table 10 Alternative Measures of Productive Efficiency https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-hub-openings-and-airline-mergers-1473xokg.png Table 8 Hub Openings and Airline Mergers https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dynamic-effects-of-new-airline-routes-33hdnkkl.png Table 4 Dynamic Effects of New Airline Routes https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-alternative-control-groups-3oxuteqr.png Table 9 Alternative Control Groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-information-uncertainty-at-the-plant-level-1hfnw9u0.png Table 13 Information Uncertainty at the Plant Level https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-soft-versus-hard-information-industries-and-12vdtwkz.png Table 12 Soft- versus Hard-information Industries and Innovations in Information Technology https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-small-versus-large-reductions-in-travel-time-2ca5batb.png Table 5 Small versus Large Reductions in Travel Time https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-headquarters-time-constraints-3i4bx2f9.png Table 11 Headquarters’ Time Constraints https://scispace.com/papers/soft-information-and-the-stewardship-value-of-accounting-30gk937ki8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-disclosure-of-a-single-performance-measure-20hg1jhc.png Table 1 Disclosure of a Single Performance Measure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cvalue-of-a-publicly-reported-contractible-35ugadqq.png Figure 1 cValue of a Publicly Reported Contractible Performance Measure y 2Given the Disclosure of Two Non-contractible Performance Measures Under ç https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-market-price-and-price-sensitivity-under-e1-and-e2-1krjw9k9.png Table 2 Market Price and Price Sensitivity Under η1 and η2 https://scispace.com/papers/soft-projectile-impacts-analysis-on-thin-reinforced-concrete-4ewsgdpr83 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-damage-of-the-reinforced-concrete-slab-after-test-2dykp44f.png Figure 4. Damage of the reinforced concrete slab after test no. 1 (V0 = 107.5 m/s). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-deformation-of-the-missile-after-perforation-test-36ijddor.png Figure 5. Deformation of the missile after perforation (test no. 2, V0 = 70.2 m/s). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-damage-on-the-reinforced-concrete-slab-after-test-1kn9v9ba.png Figure 6. Damage on the reinforced concrete slab after test no. 2, V0 = 70.2 m/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-ballistic-pendulum-simulation-3htqun24.png Figure 14. Ballistic pendulum simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-evolution-of-the-projectile-velocity-and-3sqi71bu.png Figure 21. Evolution of the projectile velocity and projectile shape (test no. 2, V0 = 70.2 m/s). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-numerical-result-for-coarse-mesh-a-and-fine-mesh-b-3nug8c3f.png Figure 20. Numerical result for coarse mesh (a) and fine mesh (b) at 5 ms (test no. 1, V0 = 107.5 m/s). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ballistic-pendulum-device-a-and-photo-just-before-2riqr7wr.png Figure 8. Ballistic pendulum device (a) and photo just before impact (b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-specific-data-concerning-each-of-eight-vulcain-tests-3jrvvlqf.png Table 2. Specific data concerning each of eight Vulcain tests (Baroth, 2011). https://scispace.com/papers/soft-morphological-processing-of-tactile-stimuli-for-4sz6r87s80 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conceptual-map-for-the-morphological-processing-of-1w0vr6zj.png Fig. 1: Conceptual map for the Morphological Processing of Sensory Receptors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-cyskin-technology-architecture-the-hexagonal-3asdk8k9.png Fig. 3: (a) The CySkin technology architecture. The hexagonal patch is connected to a Intelligent Hub Board (IHB) that collect the tactile sensor data and send them to the PC through a CAN bus. (b) The CySkin patch used for the experiments. It is composed by 6 interconnected triangular modules, each hosting 10 taxels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-autonomous-category-formation-steps-2b4s84vd.png Fig. 2: Autonomous category formation steps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-experimental-set-up-used-for-the-experiments-the-3nqxbmpw.png Fig. 4: The experimental set-up used for the experiments. The ST robot was used to push the sensorised end-effector against the object. A FlexiForce sensor A502 from TekScan was used for controlling the normal force applied. Three different soft filters were used in the experiments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-task-table-each-task-is-a-possible-clustering-outcome-2uz9pine.png Fig. 5: Task Table. Each task is a possible clustering outcome for the object set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-confusion-matrices-and-accuracy-values-for-7-different-6mt1u6rv.png Fig. 8: Confusion matrices and accuracy values for 7 different tasks corresponding to the clustering results obtained with three soft filters of 3mm, 6mm and 10mm respectively. The diagonal in each matrix retains the counts for the correct cluster guesses. Each soft filter is optimized for a specific task, highlighted in red. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-3d-printed-sphere-cube-half-cylinder-and-cuboid-view-lwrr6pei.png Fig. 6: 3D-printed Sphere, Cube, Half-Cylinder and Cuboid (view from above) and relative tactile images computed (averaged sensor readings over three trials). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-process-pipeline-for-the-cluster-matching-algorithm-3dow9t2z.png Fig. 7: Process pipeline for the Cluster Matching Algorithm. https://scispace.com/papers/soft-tissue-stability-and-volumetric-changes-after-5-years-1dqw1egzfs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-changes-between-baseline-and-5-year-follow-up-in-1zrbzmk0.png Table 2. Changes between baseline and 5-year follow-up in linear measurements and volumetric measurements. SD = standard deviation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-pre-operative-occlusal-view-before-soft-tissue-3fc4t9g6.png Fig. 1. (a) Pre-operative occlusal view before soft tissue grafting.(b) Crestal incision and split-thickness preparation of the buccal flap. (c) Connective tissue graft is fixed in the buccal aspect, and single interrupted sutures are used to close the site. (d) Three months post-connective tissue grafting. (e) Clinical image after connective tissue grafting and before tissue conditioning. (f) Clinical image after tissue conditioning was concluded with a provisional restoration. (g) Delivery of the final restoration (baseline, augmentation group [AG]). (h) Five-year follow-up (AG). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-linear-measurements-at-baseline-sctg-subepithelial-tohq0nav.png Table 1. Linear measurements at baseline. SCTG = subepithelial connective tissue graft; SD = standard deviation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-outline-of-baseline-bl-and-5-year-follow-up-models-and-2r8zajtu.png Fig. 4. Outline of baseline (BL) and 5-year follow-up models and linear measurements performed in central section in a control case. Baseline model (yellow) and 5-year follow-up (green). PH = Pontic height. T1 mm = thickness at 1 mm below the gingival margin. T3 mm = thickness at 3 mm below the gingival margin. T5 mm = thickness at 5 mm below the gingival margin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-volume-loss-visible-on-buccal-side-of-fdp-in-pontic-1v9bk2my.png Fig. 5. Volume loss visible on buccal side of FDP in pontic area after 5 years of connective tissue grafting. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-stl-image-superimposition-of-baseline-and-5-year-j7wnyhsf.png Fig. 3. STL image superimposition of baseline and 5-year follow-up models and volumetric analysis. The colored area (blue) represents the area analyzed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-control-site-at-restoration-delivery-baseline-5oj1vl95.png Fig. 2. (a) Control site at restoration delivery (baseline, control group[CG]). (b) Five-year follow-up (CG). https://scispace.com/papers/soft-svm-and-its-application-to-video-object-extraction-22rlu6hdek 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-overview-of-the-proposed-approach-a-the-training-180y9742.png Fig. 2. An overview of the proposed approach. (a) The training phase. (b) The extraction phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-tracking-results-ofmom-and-daughterusing-a-svm-and-3e1xamlj.png Fig. 4. The tracking results ofMom and Daughterusing (a) SVM and (b) SSVM. https://scispace.com/papers/soft-wired-long-term-memory-in-a-natural-recurrent-neuronal-2x34epff69 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-response-of-the-c-elegans-network-to-repeated-wtei3hw2.png FIG. 5. Response of the C. elegans network to repeated irregular stimulation. (a) Response of neuron 12 (bottom three panels) to three presentations of the same input (top panel). (b) Distribution of the correlation coefficient between pairs of responses to repeated presentations of the same signal across trials (inter-series comparison, orange) and between pulses along time in the same trial (intra-series, blue). 105 pairs of responses were compared in each case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-statistical-inference-of-the-connection-types-a-scheme-2nmh7ojt.png FIG. 2. Statistical inference of the connection types. (a) Scheme of the genetic algorithm used. (b) Dynamics of the seven non-input neurons generated by a particular instance of the model (blue lines) compared with the experimental data (red lines). (c) Evolution of the fitness of the optimal individual network at each iteration of the genetic algorithm (top), and corresponding percentage of inhibitory connections (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-response-of-the-c-elegans-network-to-pulsatile-3gga0uq6.png FIG. 4. Response of the C. elegans network to pulsatile stimulation. (a) The top panel shows the input applied to the network, while the bottom panel represents the response of one of the neurons (neuron 12, ASER). (b) Response of the entire network to the input signal shown at the top of panel (a), with the state of each neuron represented in gray according with the scale bar at the bottom. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fitting-to-experiments-reveals-excitation-inhibition-h4tu163k.png FIG. 3. Fitting to experiments reveals excitation-inhibition balance and complex dynamics. (a) Density plot of the fitness versus inhibition percentage, computed at each of 100 iterations for 1000 realizations of the genetic algorithm described in Fig. 2. The density was smoothed out with a Gaussian filter. Black corresponds to the highest density of optimal individuals. (b) Complexity of the dynamics of the network for each inhibition percentage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-topology-and-dynamics-of-the-neuronal-network-of-c-b8lm9j81.png FIG. 1. Topology and dynamics of the neuronal network of C. elegans. (a) Cells listed in the connectome database of the worm22 are represented as circles, colored according to the cell type (see legend), and connected by arrows indicating the presence of chemical coupling between them. The cells are clustered in such a way that the upstream input layer is located at the left of the plot (two sensory neurons on the far left), the downstream readout layer appears in the right, and the recurrent core is shown in the middle. (b) Experimentally observed calcium signal denoting the dynamical activity of nine of the neurons of the reservoir, whose identities are highlighted in panel (a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-quantifying-the-reliable-response-of-the-c-elegans-234ni74t.png FIG. 6. Quantifying the reliable response of the C. elegans network. (a) Cumulative distribution function of the Pearson correlation coefficient between intra-series (blue) and inter-series (orange) pairs, for neuron 12 (Fig. 5) in a network with 48% inhibition. (b) Corresponding receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the two cumulative distribution functions, for the two distributions shown in panel a. (c) Distribution of the reliability coefficient for individual neurons, defined in terms of the blue area of panel b (see text). (d) Distribution of the reliability coefficient averaged over neurons for different network realizations. https://scispace.com/papers/soft-vortex-matter-in-a-type-i-type-ii-superconducting-4rga27z9cn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-color-online-the-evolution-of-the-gel-like-phase-of-hu6tjhd5.png FIG. 12. (Color online) The evolution of the gel-like phase of Fig. 4(d) with increasing temperature. The vortex structure in the type-II layer is shown for (a) T = 1 K (original state) and for the field-heated states at (b) T = 1.1 K, (c) 1.25 K, (d) 1.45 K, (e) 1.85 K, and (f) 2.2 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-color-online-evolution-of-the-state-shown-in-fig-7-f-9kjvhna6.png FIG. 13. (Color online) Evolution of the state shown in Fig. 7(f), with increasing temperature. The spatial profile of the magnetic field is shown. In this sequence of images, we show the transition from the chain phase to the gel phase by gradual increase of temperature. (a)–(f) T = 1 K, 1.5 K, 1.75 K, 1.85 K, 1.9 K, and 2 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-oblique-view-of-the-considered-2atfrmue.png FIG. 1. (Color online) The oblique view of the considered bilayer sample. The two superconducting layers are separated by an ultrathin oxide/insulating layer. The magnetic field is applied in the direction perpendicular to the layers (along the z axis). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-equilibrium-phase-diagram-of-a-nb-sn-1yta5mcm.png FIG. 2. (Color online) The equilibrium phase diagram of a Nb/Sn bilayer calculated at T = 1 K, for both layers 5ξ10 thick and spacer layer of 0.05ξ10 in between, as a function of the applied field (expressed through the number of flux quanta N in the simulation region 55 × 47.6 ξ 210) and effective mass m⊥ of the Cooper pairs in the spacer layer. When other parameters are fixed, the electronic coupling between the superconducting layers is inversely proportional to m⊥. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-color-online-a-the-hysteretic-behavior-between-the-jsj2tuim.png FIG. 16. (Color online) (a) The hysteretic behavior between the cluster phase, the stripe phase, and the Abrikosov lattice, shown via calculated heat capacity cv on heating and cooling. The top (bottom) banner labels the states found on heating (cooling). The main difference is that on heating the stripes are only found in a narrow temperature region close to T = 3.15 K, while on cooling they are stable down to 0.85 K. (b) The difference in the free energy F between the states found on cooling (Fc) and on heating (Fh). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-color-online-the-transition-from-the-abrikosov-3g3ncpl6.png FIG. 15. (Color online) The transition from the Abrikosov lattice through stripe phase to the cluster phase on cooling, shown as Cooperpair density plots in the type-II layer at (a) T = 3.15 K (Abrikosov lattice), (b) T = 3.1 K, (c) T = 0.85 K (stripe), and (d) T = 0.84 K (clusters). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-strongly-coupled-layers-same-as-fig-3-but-q0m3qgxi.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Strongly coupled layers. Same as Fig. 3, but for twice weaker coupling between the layers, i.e., m⊥ = 10m1. In panels (a)–(e) there are 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, and 96 vortices in the simulation region, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-evolution-of-the-states-with-applied-gq12w4pi.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Evolution of the states with applied magnetic flux, at coupling m⊥/m1 = 15 (cf. Fig. 2). The spatial profile of the magnetic field is shown for (a)–(f) 16, 32, 48, 56, 80, and 96 vortices, respectively. In this sequence of images, we sample the found phases in the busiest region of the phase diagram shown in Fig. 2. Transitions between clusters and chains, to mazes and gel are shown. https://scispace.com/papers/softlearn-a-process-mining-platform-for-the-discovery-of-217698kihw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-softlearn-software-architecture-3czxfnrv.png Figure 1. SoftLearn software architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-softlearn-graphical-interface-6q018ncp.png Figure 2. SoftLearn graphical interface. https://scispace.com/papers/soft-x-ray-induced-oxidation-on-acrylic-acid-grafted-319fabzc81 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-online-colour-at-www-pss-a-com-a-schematic-qab5i5tb.png Figure 1 (online colour at: www.pss-a.com) (a) Schematic structureofacrylic-acidgraftedSi-QDused in thiswork.The luminescent silicon core is crystalline with similar lattice parameters to bulk silicon. The carboxyl (–COOH) group makes the Si-QDs water dispersible. (b) A photo of clear stable water solution of acrylicacidgraftedSi-QDsunderUVlight (324 nm).Thesolution remained transparent and without turbidity over several weeks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-the-evolution-of-core-level-si2p-during-the-1wgmivz5.png Figure 4 (a) The evolution of core level Si2p during the course of soft X-ray irradiation at photon energy 150 eV; (b) the intensity changing of two components before final steady state reached: the intensity of Si related peak decreasing faster than the intensity of oxide related peak during the course of exposure, and intensity ratio of B:A risen from 0.5 to 1.4; (c) no significant changes of peak positions observed during the irradiation course. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-core-level-xps-spectra-obtained-at-208-to-normal-te6e9gpu.png Figure 3 Core level XPS spectra obtained at 208 to normal emission: (a) Si2p, the dotted linewas experimental datawhichwas fitted by four mixed doublets and one Shirley background: the four components at 99.45, 100.28, 102.21 and 103.24 eV, respectively. These componentswere corresponding to the species: siliconwithin the core silicon crystalline (I), silicon–carbon bond (II), sub-oxide state (III) andsiliconoxide (IV)onthesurfaceofSi-QDs. (b)C1swas fitted by four mixed doublets and one Shirley background. The four components are: (I) 283.8 eV fromSi-C, (II) 284.92 eV fromC–Cor C–H, (III) 286.66 eV from adventitious carbon and (IV) 289.38 eV from carbon in carboxylic acid group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-photoluminescence-spectra-from-acrylic-acid-grafted-cr2nazop.png Figure 2 Photoluminescence spectra from acrylic acid grafted water dispersible silicon quantum dots. There are two peaks at 604 and 436 nm, originated from un-oxidized and oxidized silicon, respectively. The PL measurement was performed by illuminating light at l¼ 310 nm. (a) Before the sample exposed to soft X-ray, red peakwas the dominant; (b) after soft X-ray irradiation exposure, the blue peak was comparable to the red peak. https://scispace.com/papers/software-diversity-state-of-the-art-and-perspectives-5fgo46rv0m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simplified-feature-model-example-inspired-by-the-psmum80y.png Fig. 1 Simplified feature model example inspired by the mobile phone industry taken from [30] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-variability-of-a-use-case-diagram-for-mobile-phones-2kuxlu27.png Fig. 2 Variability of a use case diagram for mobile phones specified by an OVM [181] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simplified-decision-model-in-a-tabular-38i60g5o.png Table 1 Simplified decision model in a tabular representation for the mobile phone example from Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/papers/soft-x-ray-resist-characterization-studies-with-a-laser-vtwmqbxtl8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dfzjkb0m.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-exposure-se-itivity-curves-for-uncured-diamonds-and-xm2t0izq.png Figure 7. Exposure se~itivity curves for uncured (diamonds) and air-cured (open circles) CMDM recorded following monochromatized exposures at 105 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-nexafs-spectra-of-four-polysilane-fllms-recorded-2638tq1b.png Figure 4 NEXAFS spectra of four polysilane fLlms recorded near the Si L2.3 edge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-shows-hmvsq846.png Figure 4 NEXAFS spectra of four polysilane fLlms recorded near the Si L2.3 edge. https://scispace.com/papers/software-engineering-for-mobility-reflecting-on-the-past-45cwmmoc1t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-in-the-last-three-years-and-for-1al3oe6u.png Table 3: Distribution in the last three years and for different keywords, for papers published in the same venues as Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-macro-challenges-for-mobility-now-and-then-1y73h3un.png Table 1: Macro-challenges for mobility: now and then. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-some-ancestors-of-modern-smartphones-9f5wb72f.png Figure 1: Some ancestors of modern smartphones. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-papers-whose-title-contains-the-string-eos2jrwv.png Table 2: Number of papers whose title contains the string "mobil" (accounting for both "mobile" and "mobility") published in flagship software engineering venues (TSE, TOSEM, ICSE, ASE, ESEC/FSE). https://scispace.com/papers/software-for-non-parametric-image-registration-of-2-photon-1exlky23xz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-qualitative-results-of-the-first-in-vivo-saline-36cag4fq.png Figure 4: Qualitative results of the first in vivo saline injection sequence (dataset injection saline). Average of (A) raw images, (B) after rigid registration, (C) after registration with NoRMCorre, and (D) after Flow-Registration. The tissue expands from the injection point (E) resulting in large displacements as well as in a high divergence (F) in the displacement field. Flow-Registration can recover fine structures with much more detail, allowing region-of-interest selection along dendritic structures (blue), while the blur in (A-C) indicates residual motion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-qualitative-results-of-the-second-in-vivo-saline-78z7hme4.png Figure 5: Qualitative results of the second in vivo saline injection sequence (dataset injection saline 2 ). Average of (A) raw images, (B) after rigid registration, (C) after registration with NoRMCorre, and (D) after Flow-Registration. The tissue expands from the injection point (E) resulting in large displacements as well as in a high divergence (F) in the displacement field. Flow-Registration can recover fine structures with much more detail, allowing region-of-interest selection along dendritic structures (blue), while the blur in (A-C) indicates residual motion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-registration-performance-on-a-very-2um8ibzt.png Figure 1: Comparison of registration performance on a very challenging two-channel 2-photon recording during drug injection in vivo. The challenges of the sequence are a very low signal to noise ratio together with brightness changes in the functional imaging channel (orange) and non-elastic deformations due to the injected indicator. Average of (A) raw images, (B) after rigid registration, (C) after registration with NoRMCorre, and (D) after Flow-Registration. The tissue expands from the injection point (E) resulting in large displacements as well as in a high divergence (F) in the displacement field. Flow-Registration can recover fine structures with much more detail, allowing region-of-interest selection along fine structures, while the blur and double images in (A-C) indicate residual motion. While NoRMCorre manages to register the top and middle left image area well, the high divergence bottom half shows residual movement artifacts. The images are a high contrast, false color representations. The channels have all been normalized with respect to the min and max intensity values of the average raw recording. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-datasets-used-for-the-evaluation-besides-the-1kbcfhgj.png Figure 3: The datasets used for the evaluation besides the injection sequences. Temporal average of raw recordings (A.1-D.1) and after application of Flow-Registration (A.2-D.2) during motion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-application-of-flow-registration-to-15-different-2kgckh44.png Figure 2: Application of Flow-Registration to 15 different datasets. We use 2-Photon recordings from layer 5, layer 2/3, layer 1 and three sequences during in vivo drug or saline injection at 6.2 Hz and 30.9 Hz. In all applied metrics, Flow-Registration performs consistently better than rigid registration and NoRMCorre (see Supplemental material for peak signal to noise ratios (PSNR)). The performance measures are averaged ratios of the raw recording and the compensated recordings with mean squared error (MSE) (A) and temporal standard deviation (temporal STD) (B). The performance factor indicates how much higher the MSE or temporal STD is in the raw recording, so higher values correspond to better compensation. (C) contains the frame-wise ratio of NoRMCorre and Flow-registration MSE of all 6.2 Hz datasets with 500 frames (layer1 - layer 5, injection, injection saline 2). MSE has been computed with respect to the first frames of each recording (see Online Methods for details). The frame-wise performance is significantly better for Flow-Registration (p < 0.00001, paired, two-sided Wilcoxon signed rank test). The performance on the datasets has been sorted with respect to the performance of Flow-Registration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-psnr-values-on-each-dataset-for-the-3rtr9j4l.png Table 2: Average PSNR values on each dataset for the different methods. FlowRegistration consistently outperforms the other methods. PSNR has been calculated with respect to the maximum value 216, experiment specific properties as well as the applied low-pass filtering (see section 5.5) as well as SNR of the raw data (e.g. 30.9 Hz vs 6.2 Hz) have an impact on the PSNR differences between the datasets. The best PSNR is put in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-normcorre-parameters-used-for-the-compensation-of-1t52y6w4.png Table 1: NoRMCorre parameters used for the compensation of the benchmark data. All unmentioned parameters have been kept in the default setting of the MATLAB code (June 2021). If the second version of the dataset is not mentioned, parameters match with the first version. https://scispace.com/papers/software-fault-interactions-and-implications-for-software-2ckmz4q3dc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-maximum-value-of-v-for-combinations-of-n-tuples-and-coxtgw16.png TABLE 3 Maximum Value of v for Combinations of n-Tuples and Test Cases https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-systems-reviewed-1hql0kvr.png TABLE 2 Characteristics of Systems Reviewed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-failure-triggering-fault-interactions-cumulative-goylbil6.png Fig. 1. Failure triggering fault interactions, cumulative distribution. https://scispace.com/papers/software-greenability-a-case-study-of-cloud-based-business-36htlca6qt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-madona-implemented-architecture-2cxgpjmt.png Fig. 3. MADONA implemented architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-performance-in-terms-of-time-er0e5ev8.png Fig. 6. Performance in terms of time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-source-code-manipulation-39vs7po0.png Fig. 2. Source code manipulation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-teec-optimized-vs-non-optimized-madona-energy-rjsp0u5j.png Fig. 4. TEEC: Optimized vs. non-optimized MADONA energy consumption https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-power-meter-optimized-vs-non-optimized-madona-energy-2rfxwwie.png Fig. 5. Power Meter: Optimized vs. non-optimized MADONA energy consumption https://scispace.com/papers/software-quality-assurance-for-mathematical-modeling-systems-32r5jsmshq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-snapshot-of-weekly-bug-statistics-by-module-in-lep2i78d.png Figure 1. (Left) Snapshot of weekly bug statistics by module (in percent). (Right) GAMS full test. Solve aggregation by model type. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-paver-performance-of-conopt3-with-respect-to-3l67e1pw.png Figure 3. PAVER performance of CONOPT3 with respect to previous versions. (Left) Profile plots. (Right) Timing comparisons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-markal-left-integrated-model-overview-right-answer-nviy9kpf.png Figure 4. MARKAL: (Left) Integrated model overview. (Right) ANSWER user interface, data spreadsheet and graph. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gams-sqa-testing-activities-1gv651aw.png Figure 2. GAMS SQA testing activities. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-matrix-filtering-ranking-of-model-and-solver-status-3n0r0llo.png Table 1. Matrix Filtering. Ranking of model and solver status return codes https://scispace.com/papers/soil-and-rhizosphere-microorganisms-have-the-same-q-10-for-2gwz1uxjkk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-design-of-the-microcosm-unit-a-root-compartment-b-3iefiz7q.png Fig. 1 Design of the microcosm unit: (a) root compartment, (b) mycelial compartment, (c) bulk soil compartment, (d) 1.5mm perforation through barrier, (e) CO2 traps with perforation through the lid. The total microcosm unit was 245 245 25mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relative-respiration-rate-for-the-root-n5-7-mycelial-183uau82.png Fig. 2 Relative respiration rate for the root (n5 7), mycelial (n5 8) and bulk soil (n5 5) compartments of the microcosm unit. 15 1C/5 1C is the ratio of the respiration rate at 15 1C and 5 1C (5Q10), while 22 1C/15 1C is the ratio of the respiration rate at 22 1C and 15 1C. Error bars indicate SE. https://scispace.com/papers/software-testing-in-a-scientific-research-group-4b7xis3mk1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-some-challenges-in-testing-the-software-3mime8xy.png Figure 1: Some Challenges in Testing the Software https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-software-engineering-techniques-used-by-12-members-q48nr9l6.png Figure 3: Software Engineering techniques used by 12 members of the Epidemiology and Modelling group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-programming-languages-used-by-12-members-of-the-3nssezu1.png Figure 2: Programming languages used by 12 members of the Epidemiology and Modelling group https://scispace.com/papers/soil-carbon-stocks-and-their-variability-across-the-5dhwzemgr4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-coefficients-of-the-linear-model-used-to-test-the-1i3xqavb.png Table 2.Coefficients of the linear model used to test the effects of vegetation cover, elevation, precipitation, temperature and the interaction between elevation and temperature on SOC content (3rd root transformed). For all explanatory factors of the categorical variable vegetation cover, one level was considered the reference (evergreen), the effect for which was incorporated in the model intercept term, and the effect of all other levels was considered relative to the reference. Therefore, considering the coefficient of the intercept as a baseline, the rest of the coefficients indicate the sign and degree of influence in relation to this reference value. Bold values indicate that the correlation coefficient differs significantly from zero (∗p < 0.05,∗∗p < 0.01, and∗∗∗p < 0.001). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-map-of-soc-stocks-in-natural-non-crop-areas-forests-1avxcic1.png Fig. 3.Map of SOC stocks in natural non crop areas (forests, shrublands and pastures) of peninsular Spain. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variables-used-in-the-model-for-both-categorical-38u2pe7d.png Table 1. Variables used in the model. For both categorical variables, vegetation cover (classified following the Corine Land Cover Map) and soil characteristics (based on geologic expert criteria), number of profiles, mean SOC values and the standard deviation of the mean are indicated. For each of the continuous variables, profile ranges, total map ranges and % of the total range covered by the profiles are indicated. The mentioned variables are shown in bold. https://scispace.com/papers/soil-contamination-and-human-health-a-major-challenge-for-4oha7gmh10 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-2-block-diagram-of-the-transfer-and-exposure-10z5ilkd.png Figure 10.2- Block diagram of the transfer and exposure pathways taken into account in the PLAINE GIS-multimedia platform (source: Caudeville et al., 2012). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-3-emission-trends-of-pops-from-1990-to-2011-eeab-127olj0k.png Figure 10.3- Emission trends of POPs from 1990 to 2011 (EEAb, 2015) - HCB - hexachlorobenzene, HCH - hexachlorocyclohexane, PCBs - polychlorinated biphenyls; dioxins & furans; and PAHs - polyaromatic hydrocarbons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-1-map-of-pesticides-per-ha-of-arable-land-kg-ha-3u29ybm4.png Figure 10.1 - Map of pesticides per ha of arable land (kg/ha- period 2005-2009) - Source: FAO (2013) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-3-estimation-of-the-total-cost-of-soil-3mi5ujr3.png Table 10.3 – Estimation of the total cost of soil contamination based on data representative of the European continent (Panagos et al., 2013; Görlach et al., 2004) and rules of three. https://scispace.com/papers/soil-health-and-sustainability-managing-the-biotic-component-268px3mk96 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-template-of-proposed-indicators-for-measuring-the-3ptwo4x1.png Table 2 Template of proposed indicators for measuring the sustainability of agricultural systems at the farm levela https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-strategies-for-sustainable-agricultural-management-r6pabg9l.png Table 1 Strategies for sustainable agricultural management and proposed indicators of crop performance and soil and environmental healtha https://scispace.com/papers/soil-fertility-plant-nutrition-and-grain-yield-of-upland-380l08ionc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-n-nitrate-and-s-sulfate-concentrations-of-soil-2wciuee1.png Table 3. N-nitrate and S-sulfate concentrations of soil samples collected from four depths 3 and 12 months after the surface application of lime, silicate, and phosphogypsum. ANOVA results are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-exchangeable-ca2-mg2-and-k-concentrations-of-soil-1gbgj7v1.png Table 4 Exchangeable Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ concentrations of soil samples collected from four depths 3 and 12 months after the surface application of lime, silicate, and phosphogypsum. ANOVA results are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-macronutrients-n-p-k-ca-mg-and-s-and-si-29mhr4xf.png Table 6 Macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) and Si concentration in the flag leaves of upland rice as affected by the surface application of lime, silicate, and phosphogypsum. ANOVA results are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-panicles-per-metre2-p-spikelets-per-panicle-sp-2qhgibxu.png Table 7 Panicles per metre2 (P), spikelets per panicle (SP), spikelet fertility (SF), weight of 1000 grains silicate, and phosphogypsum. ANOVA results are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rainfall-andmaximum-andminimum-temperature-at-selviria-2r3nspyc.png Fig. 1. Rainfall ( ) andmaximum ( ) andminimum temperature ( ) at Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, during the experimental period. a→ treatment application; b→ emergence; c → flowering; d → harvest. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-base-saturation-and-si-concentration-of-soil-samples-3oub5akz.png Table 5 Base saturation and Si concentration of soil samples collected from four depths 3 and 12months after the surface application of lime, silicate, and phosphogypsum. ANOVA results are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-phandh-al-values-of-the-soil-samples-collected-2gxeenoe.png Table 2 The pHandH+Al values of the soil samples collected from four depths 3 and 12months after the surface application of lime, silicate, and phosphogypsum. ANOVA results are also shown. https://scispace.com/papers/soil-moisture-increment-as-a-controlling-variable-of-the-1rwkunmbna 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-respiration-rates-after-the-second-rewetting-mg-c-1marzf9i.png Table 5 2 Respiration rates after the second rewetting (μg C g-1 d-1) sorted by postSWC under different preSWC in Tuéjar soil. Soil matric potentials (ψ) were estimated using the 3 Campbell model (Campbell, 1974). Lower case letters denote one-way ANOVA significant differences (P<0.05) with preSWC as factor. 4 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-soil-and-litter-characteristics-for-chelva-and-1qqajru8.png Table 1 1 Soil and litter characteristics for Chelva and Tuéjar sites. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-definition-of-rewetting-combinations-used-in-kk76zvfg.png Table 2 1 Definition of rewetting combinations used in laboratory incubations and corresponding frequency 2 observed in the field. More details in the text. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-significant-p-0-05-percentages-of-variance-ur9tayh9.png Table 3 1 Significant (P<0.05) percentages of variance explained by the factors rewetting combination, litter 2 addition and the interaction between them, for the respiration rate after the second rewetting (R), the 3 chloroform-labile C measured 48 h after the second rewetting (MBC) and the net N mineralization (N-4 NO3-+N-NH4+) measured in the 128 day incubation (NMIN). 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-respiration-rates-after-the-second-rewetting-mg-c-3l7uh13g.png Table 4 2 Respiration rates after the second rewetting (μg C g-1 d-1) sorted by postSWC under different preSWC in Chelva soil. Soil matric potentials (ψ) were estimated using the 3 Campbell model (Campbell, 1974). Lower case letters denote one-way ANOVA significant differences (P<0.05) with preSWC as factor. 4 https://scispace.com/papers/soil-derived-nature-s-contributions-to-people-and-their-4f3bhbplue 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relationship-between-ncp-and-sdgs-a-relationship-is-3guqqcte.png Table 4. Relationship between NCP and SDGs. A relationship is shown (in blue) only to those interactions indicated by over 50% of expert respondents in Anderson et al. (38). Note: impacts where a relationship was not identified by Anderson et al. (38), but where the relationship is well-documented elsewhere are shown (in green). These are the impact of habitat creation and maintenance (40), and the impact of regulation of air https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-seven-soil-functions-as-defined-by-the-european-2u0wj42u.png Table 1. The seven soil functions as defined by the European Commission (28) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-the-potential-positive-negative-and-2gqcjbc4.png Table 5. Summary of the potential positive, negative and context-specific contributions of soils to NCP arising from papers in this issue. Note, these impacts are illustrative rather than comprehensive. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-contribution-of-soils-to-the-sdgs-with-1xky3fnn.png Table 6. The contribution of soils to the SDGs, with contributions derived from relationships between NCP and the SDGs outlined in the section “The contribution of Nature’s Contributions to People to the UN https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-contribution-of-soils-to-the-sdgs-with-28v0wjlb.png Table 6. The contribution of soils to the SDGs, with contributions derived from relationships between NCP and the SDGs outlined in the section “The contribution of Nature’s Contributions to People to the UN https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ipbes-natures-contributions-to-people-ncp-with-the-1uvo8r43.png Table 2. IPBES Nature’s Contributions to people (NCP), with the corresponding Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) ecosystem services and categories shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-un-sustainable-development-goals-sdgs-34-2ytkhu18.png Table 3. The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (34) https://scispace.com/papers/soil-morphological-control-on-saline-and-freshwater-lake-2gzi1odte2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-matrix-of-the-major-ions-ph-electrical-2na7hqy1.png Table 2 – Correlation matrix of the major ions, pH, Electrical Conductivity and Silica https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-continued-2w6modnv.png Fig. 12 – Continued. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-taquari-megafan-and-an-aerial-picture-showing-the-1wjs591x.png Fig. 2 – The Taquari megafan and an aerial picture showing the round lakes of the Nhecolândia. The circle represents the study site. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-concluded-248e2f8h.png Fig. 12 – Continued. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-saturation-diagrams-for-na-and-mg-silicates-open-po9rx8ti.png Fig. 8 – Saturation diagrams for Na- and Mg-silicates. Open circle are acidic samples from the water sampler G6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-the-major-ions-silica-and-2g3jcgsa.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics of the major ions, silica and DOC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-rainfall-and-water-level-fluctuations-from-october-1nzw0jq7.png Fig. 7 – Rainfall and water level fluctuations from October 1998 to November 2002 along T1. Upper graph: 3 groups of piezometers are discriminated. Lower graph: Water level fluctuations in P2 and P3 showing inflow from P3 to P2. Short periods of possible back propagation of saline water (P2) into the fresh water aquifer (P3) are highlighted in grey. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-concentration-diagram-against-na-for-the-major-2eck7fm1.png Fig. 9 – Concentration diagram against Na for the major elements (in mM). Open circle are acidic samples from G6. On the plot for K, F and SO4, squares are samples collected in and around the lagoa. The dotted line is the simulation of evaporation activating the possible precipitation of calcite and stevensite. https://scispace.com/papers/soil-nitrogen-dynamics-and-crop-residues-a-review-4pnjqanwqg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-different-observed-process-types-regarding-the-rz54vd1d.png Table 1 The different observed process types regarding the effects of the returned plant residues on soil inorganic nitrogen within the limited experimental period https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sketch-of-three-different-process-types-regarding-the-fdunsikz.png Fig. 3 Sketch of three different process types regarding the effects of returning plant residues on soil inorganic nitrogen over the limited experimental period. Net N mineralisation indicates that surplus inorganic nitrogen occurs in after plant residues are returned to the soil relative to the blank soil. Net N immobilisation indicates that the inorganic nitrogen concentration after returning plant residues to the soil is less than in the blank soil https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-nitrogen-uptake-percentages-for-the-different-growth-1q3d30uz.png Fig. 4 Nitrogen uptake percentages for the different growth stages of wheat (Cui andWu 2000; Zhao and Yu 2006), rice (Zou et al. 2002), corn (Zhai 2006) and soybean (Wang et al. 2004). These four staple crops absorb approximately 70–80 % of their nitrogen during their vegetative growth stage and only a small proportion during their seedling stage https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-returning-plant-residues-in-the-field-this-widely-118fcl34.png Fig. 1 Returning plant residues in the field. This widely applied agricultural practice can significantly improve soil quality and has uncertain influences on soil nitrogen dynamics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-empirical-critical-c-n-ratio-values-of-the-plant-3mgp3oxp.png Table 3 The empirical critical C:N ratio values of the plant residues between net N mineralisation and net N immobilisation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-direct-effect-mechanisms-of-plant-residues-on-soil-12y6cziw.png Fig. 2 The direct effect mechanisms of plant residues on soil inorganic nitrogen. Plant residues can provide inorganic to soils through residues nitrogen mineralisation. It is clear now that returning plant residues improve the immobilisation rate, remineralisation rate and microbe death and the corresponding soil microbe biomass nitrogen and microbial https://scispace.com/papers/soil-organic-carbon-stock-and-fractional-distribution-in-3mtjjm5dgi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-values-standard-error-n-5-of-selected-soil-12av3hsv.png Table 2: Mean values ± standard error (n=5) of selected soil physico-chemical properties https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-soc-and-c-n-in-total-soil-mass-and-in-soil-fractions-ej36ugok.png Table 3: SOC and C/N in total soil mass and in soil fractions (mean values ± standard error, n=5) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-organic-c-contents-and-soil-masses-of-different-2uvsj4bs.png Table 4: The organic C contents and soil masses of different soil fractions (mean values ± standard error, n=5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-showing-soc-fractionation-stages-and-3va1ov4i.png Figure 1: Flow chart showing SOC fractionation stages and their products (modified from Zimmermann et al., 2007); DOC = dissolved organic carbon, POM = particulate organic matter, S+A = sand and stable aggregates, and s+c = silt and clay. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-soc-stock-in-three-fractional-1iwpan63.png Figure 2: Distribution of SOC stock in three fractional classes: physically protected OC pool (S+A and s+c – rSOC), chemically protected OC pool (rSOC), and labile OC pool (POM and DOC), as a percentage of total SOC stock in bulk soil. About 30% of the total OC stock in bulk soil was not recovered during fractionation. Bars represent mean values ± standard errors. Nid = Nidderdale and Rib = Ribblesdale. https://scispace.com/papers/soil-organic-carbon-mineralization-and-its-temperature-4sqtpqsup6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2hr7wmje.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1sy62wp8.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1qcrazkb.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2y7pq52h.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2mclonjj.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/soil-resources-and-climate-jointly-drive-variations-in-21isa71n8e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparisons-of-csoil-nsoil-ratio-a-b-cmic-nmic-2e29hswz.png Figure 5. Comparisons of Csoil : Nsoil ratio (a, b), Cmic : Nmic ratio (c, d), Cmic /Csoil rate (e, f), and Nmic /Nsoil rate (g, h) among climate zones and between management regimes. Inserted figures are overall comparisons between the natural (NF) and planted forests (PF). Csoil, Nsoil, Cmic, and Nmic stand for soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon, and microbial biomass nitrogen, respectively. FH, CT, WT, and ST stand for frigid highland zone, cool temperate zone, warm temperate zone, and subtropical / tropical zone, respectively. Different lowercase letters denote significant differences among climate zones or between management regimes (mean± SE, α= 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relationships-between-cmic-nmic-and-csoil-nsoil-x4f4at31.png Figure 6. Relationships between Cmic : Nmic and Csoil : Nsoil ratios (China: from this study vs. Globe: from Cleveland & Liptzin, 2007; a), latitude (b), MAT (c), and MAP (d), respectively. Csoil, Nsoil, Cmic, Nmic, MAT, and MAP stand for soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, mean annual temperature, and mean annual precipitation, respectively. The regression models are given. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-relationships-between-cmic-csoil-or-nmic-nsoil-rate-339o7qtq.png Figure 7. Relationships between Cmic /Csoil or Nmic /Nsoil rate and Csoil : Nsoil ratio (a, b), MAT (c, d), and MAP (e, f), respectively. Csoil, Nsoil, Cmic, Nmic, MAT, and MAP stand for soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, mean annual temperature, and mean annual precipitation, respectively. The regression models are given. NS stands for non-significant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-map-of-china-showing-the-distribution-of-sampling-1dyghx1o.png Figure 1. A map of China showing the distribution of sampling sites and data summary for this synthesis. The climate zones are categorized following Wu (1988) into frigid highland (FH), cool temperate (CT), warm temperate (WT), subtropical/tropical (ST), and temperate desert (TD) zones. The TD is excluded in the synthesis, because forests are rarely distributed in the zone. Inset 1: mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) by climate zones. Inset 2: frequency distribution of maximum depth of soil sampling. Inset 3: the number of measurements of soil organic carbon (Csoil), soil total nitrogen (Nsoil), microbial biomass carbon (Cmic), and microbial biomass nitrogen (Nmic) by climate zones. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relationships-between-microbial-biomass-carbon-cmic-25vbflte.png Figure 4. Relationships between microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and soil organic carbon (Csoil, a), and soil total nitrogen (Nsoil, b) by two soil quality groups: high-quality group (Csoil : Nsoil ratio ≤ the median of the whole data set, n= 251) vs. low-quality group (Csoil : Nsoil ratio > the median, n= 250; See details in the Methods). Log stands for 10-based logarithm. The standardized major axis (SMA) models are given for each group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationships-between-soil-resources-and-microbial-1z8sfsy3.png Figure 3. Relationships between soil resources and microbial biomass. Csoil, Nsoil, Cmic, and Nmic stand for soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon, and microbial biomass nitrogen, respectively. The regression models are given. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparisons-of-csoil-a-b-nsoil-c-d-cmic-e-f-and-3s7tbk5q.png Figure 2. Comparisons of Csoil (a, b), Nsoil (c, d), Cmic (e, f), and Nmic (g, h) among climate zones and between management regimes. Inserted figures are the overall comparisons between the natural (NF) and planted forests (PF). Csoil, Nsoil, Cmic, and Nmic stand for soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon, and microbial biomass nitrogen, respectively. FH, CT, WT, and ST stand for frigid highland zone, cool temperate zone, warm temperate zone, and subtropical/tropical zone, respectively. Different lowercase letters denote significant differences among the climate zones or between the management regimes (mean ±SE, α = 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-multiple-regression-models-of-microbial-biomass-3u35m4vw.png Table 1. Multiple regression models of microbial biomass carbon (Cmic), microbial biomass nitrogen (Nmic), Cmic : Nmic ratio, and microbial quotients (i.e., Cmic /Csoil and Nmic /Nsoil rates) against soil resources and climate. Csoil and Nsoil stand for soil organic carbon and soil total nitrogen, respectively. Y , X1, X2, X3, X4, X5 in the models stand for the dependent variable, Csoil, Nsoil, mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, and Csoil : Nsoil ratio, respectively. Y , X1 and X2 are 10-based log transformed. N , R 2, P stand for sample size, determination coefficient, and probability, respectively. All the terms in the regression models are significant at α = 0.05. https://scispace.com/papers/soil-properties-and-agronomic-factors-affecting-cadmium-329sfypk5z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cadmium-concentrations-in-peeled-bean-cd-bean-as-3pxbcksv.png Figure 2. Cadmium concentrations in peeled bean (Cd-bean) as affected by total soil Cd (CdT) 584 and soil pH; the regression equations (log10 based) are given for two different pH values, using 585 model 3 (n=559; R2 = 0.65) 586 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-map-of-ecuador-showing-the-cacao-production-areas-3thr9rt7.png Figure 1 A) Map of Ecuador showing the cacao production areas in the Coastal plain and 580 Amazonia regions. Red points in the map denote the surveyed farms. B) Spatial distribution of 581 Cd in the bean, note the log scale of the color classes. 582 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-soil-chemical-properties-of-surveyed-2i6urzva.png Table 1. Selected soil chemical properties of surveyed samples (n=559, 0–15 cm depth). 589 https://scispace.com/papers/soil-phosphorus-pools-in-the-detritusphere-of-plant-residues-1uoqsbqnvm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cacl2-p-a-acid-phosphomonoesterase-p-b-citrate-p-c-hcl-2oofq91x.png Fig. 2 CaCl2-P (a), acid phosphomonoesterase-P (b), citrate-P (c), HCl-P https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-respiration-rate-after-rewetting-rw-following-a-14-day-9gzeyhw3.png Fig. 1 Respiration rate after rewetting (RW) following a 14-day dry period, or maintained constantly moist (CM) in unamended control (a), detritusphere soils of barley (b) and faba bean residue (c) cumulative respiration (d) from day 0 to day 7 and day 8 to 14 after rewetting in control, barley and faba bean detritusphere soils (e). Columns in panels d, e with different letters are significantly different (P ≥ 0.05, n=4) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cacl2-p-a-acid-phosphomonoesterase-p-b-citrate-p-c-hcl-1iutgo6z.png Fig. 4 CaCl2-P (a), acid phosphomonoesterase-P (b), citrate-P (c), HCl-P https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-organic-c-n-p-c-n-ratio-and-c-p-ratio-of-high-1rkoklx4.png Table 1 Total organic C, N, P, C/N ratio and C/P ratio of high C/P (mature barley straw) and low C/P (young faba bean shoot) residues (n = 4). Different letters indicate significant differences between residues (P ≥ 0.05) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-available-n-a-and-microbial-biomass-n-b-in-control-r2qyop1c.png Fig. 3 Available N (a) and microbial biomass N (b) in control , barley and faba bean detritusphere soils, 1, 7 and 14 days after rewetting (RW), or in constantly moist (CM) soils. For each sampling time separately, columns with different letters are significantly different (P ≥ 0.05, n = 4) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-p-concentration-of-anion-exchange-membranes-in-rewet-g2dkmp92.png Table 3 P concentration of anion exchange membranes in rewet (RW) and constantly moist (CM) detritusphere of faba bean residue or the control after 1, 2 and 4 days soil contact. Means within a column followed by different letters are significantly different (P ≥ 0.05, n = 4) https://scispace.com/papers/soil-seed-banks-habitat-heterogeneity-and-regeneration-5cmzs5xn1r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-primary-productivity-of-annual-species-in-the-21hkw50c.png Fig. 4. Primary productivity of annual species in the different habitats by functional groups. Total biomass (all groups) (a), annual forbs (b), perennial forbs (c), and annual legumes (d). Significance keys as in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-effects-of-microhabitat-on-seed-density-of-krg2xxvh.png Fig. 3. The effects of microhabitat on seed density of functional groups. Annual grasses (a), crucifers (b), annual legume (c), composites (d), annual forbs (e), and perennial forbs (f). Significance: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Treatments bearing the same letter are not significantly different at p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-effects-of-microhabitat-characteristics-on-soil-o1yiwdp0.png Fig. 1. The effects of microhabitat characteristics on soil seed bank and vegetation density and species richness. Significance: ***p < 0.001. Treatments bearing the same letter are not significantly different at p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-densities-of-non-germinated-soil-seed-bank-seedlings-3ag17qvf.png Fig. 2. Densities of non-germinated soil seed bank, seedlings, and established vegetation in the different microhabitats. Percentage (%) numbers refer to the proportion of non-germinated seeds from the total seed bank density. https://scispace.com/papers/soil-quality-a-review-of-the-science-and-experiences-in-the-410jih301p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-chemical-and-biological-soil-indicators-1idbeuoo.png Table 1. Physical, chemical, and biological soil indicators that may be included in a minimum data set for assessing soil quality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conceptual-changes-in-temporal-soil-quality-indicating-ckhb5uws.png Fig. 1. Conceptual changes in temporal soil quality indicating degradation, maintenance, or improvement (adapted from Seybold et al. 1998). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-soil-quality-indices-for-a-range-of-management-xyl4i0a6.png Fig. 3. Soil quality indices for a range of management practices in the Northern Great Plains (mean ± 1 SD). Different letters denote significant differences between management treatments at p ¼ 0.05. (PMN ¼ potentially mineralizable nitrogen; B.D. ¼ bulk density, E.C. ¼ electrical conductivity.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-conceptual-relationship-between-soil-quality-minimum-2rph8g82.png Fig. 2. Conceptual relationship between soil quality minimum data sets, scoring functions, and index values. https://scispace.com/papers/soil-seed-banks-near-rubbing-trees-indicate-dispersal-of-2nfrfki0yw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-study-areas-and-their-site-characteristics-9m6vfykr.png Table 1. The study areas and their site characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-analyses-of-variance-anova-of-viable-1fbczf1y.png Table 2. Summary of analyses of variance (ANOVA) of viable seeds and vascular plant species number from 500 cm3 soil samples collected near 54 study trees. Site denotes the study forests, pair number denotes the pairs of rubbing and control trees. Rubbing denotes the difference between the rubbing trees and the control trees in a pair. Prior to analysis the frequencies were log-transformed (x +1). DF = degrees of freedom, MS = mean squares. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-diaspore-morphology-habitat-preference-according-to-r2yzs0ox.png Table 4. Diaspore morphology, habitat preference (according to Schmidt et al. 2003), and indicator values for moisture (according to Ellenberg et al. 1991) of viable seeds from soil samples near rubbing trees (R, n=27) versus control trees (C, n=27). The number of soil samples in which the species was found and statistical significances of their association to rubbing trees are given (p value from Fisher’s exact test). For further explanation of diaspore morphology and habitat preference categories see method section. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spectra-of-all-viable-seeds-from-the-soil-samples-3gs9lxxk.png Figure 2. Spectra of all viable seeds from the soil samples near rubbing trees (R, n=27) and control trees (C, n=27). A diaspore morphology; B Habitat preference; C Ellenberg indicator value for moisture. Abbreviations for A und B see method section. Note: dominance of categories “unspec.” in A, “K2.1” in B and “F7” in C predominantly depends on Juncus effusus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-number-of-viable-seeds-a-and-vascular-plant-3fha8s4j.png Figure 1. Mean number of viable seeds (A) and vascular plant species (B) from 500 cm3 soil samples collected near rubbing trees (R, n=27) and control trees (C, n=27). Error bars represent standard errors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-next-page-plant-species-germinating-from-the-soil-33olj5fv.png Table 3 (next page). Plant species germinating from the soil samples collected near rubbing trees (R, n = 27) and control trees (C, n = 27), and their characteristics (diaspore morphology, habitat preference according to Schmidt et al. 2003, and Ellenberg indicator value for moisture according to Ellenberg et al. 1991). The viable seed number, the number of soil samples in which the species was found and statistical significances of their association to rubbing trees are given (p value from Fisher’s exact test). Abbreviations of diaspore morphology and habitat preference see method section. https://scispace.com/papers/soil-temperature-synchronisation-improves-representation-of-19c6iut3ab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-peat-chemical-properties-as-a-function-of-depth-in-4dykx2yz.png Table A.1: Peat chemical properties as a function of depth in cm: content (%) N, C, H, S, the total, retention and effective porosity, ΦT , ΦR , ΦE respectively in m 3 .m −3 , solid peat volumic fraction in m 3 .m −3 and the bulk density (Bd) in g.cm −3 . https://scispace.com/papers/soils-as-the-most-important-natural-resources-in-hungary-1pc62oltm0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-susceptibility-of-soils-to-acidification-3t5xx0ed.png Fig. 3 Susceptibility of soils to acidification https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-hydrophysical-characteristics-of-soils-in-hungary-1-3mop92l8.png Fig. 7. Hydrophysical characteristics of soils in Hungary. 1.Soils with very high IR, P and K; low FC; very poor WR (10.5% of the total 93035 km² area of Hungary); 2. Soils with high IR, P and K; medium PC; and poor WR (11.1%); 3. Soils with good IR, P and K; good FC; and good WR (24.9%); 4. Soils with moderate IR, P and K; high FC; and good WR (19.1%); 5. Soils with moderate IR, poor P and K; high PC and high WR (6.2%); 6. Soils with unfavourable water management: very low IR and K (14.8%); 7. Soils with extremely unfavourable water management due to high salinity/sodicity: extremely low AMR, IR and K (3.6%); 8. Soils with good IR, P and K; and very high FC (organic soils) (1.3%); 9. Soils with extreme moisture regime due to shallow depth (8.5%). The main profile variants: (1) texture becomes lighter with depth (soils formed on relatively light-textured parent material): 2/1, 3/1; (2) uniform texture within the profile: 1/1, 2/2, 3/2, 4/2, 5/2; (3) relative clay accumulation in the horizon B: 4/1, 5/1. Profile variants of category 6: 6/1: highly compacted, heavy-textured soils with poor structure; 6/2: pseudogleys; 6/3. deep meadow solonetzes and solonetzic meadow soils; 6/4: soils with salinity/sodicity in the deeper horizons; 6/5: peaty meadow soils. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-susceptibility-of-soils-to-physical-degradation-2gki2xo9.png Fig. 4 Susceptibility of soils to physical degradation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-soil-map-of-hungary-1-blown-sand-2-rendzinas-3-brown-11fy66c5.png Fig. 1 Soil map of Hungary. 1. Blown sand. 2. Rendzinas. 3. Brown forest soils with clay illuviation. 4. Pseudogleys. 5. Brown earths (Ramann brown forest soils). 6. Sandy brown forest soils with thin interstratified layers of colloid and sesquioxide accumulation. 7. Chernozem brown forest soils. 8. Chernozem-type sandy soils. 9. Pseudomyceliar (calcareous) chernozems. 10. Lowland and meadow chernozems. 11. Meadow and lowland chernozems with salt accumulation in the deeper layers. 12. Solonchaks and solonchaksolonetzes. 13. Meadow solonetzes turning into steppe formation. 14. Solonetzic meadow soils. 15. Meadow soils. 16. Peats. 17. Soils of swampy forests. 18. Alluvial soils https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-territorial-and-time-distribution-of-atmospheric-t12afvw3.png Fig. 5 Territorial and time distribution of atmospheric precipitation in Hungary. A. Geographical distribution of average annual precipitation over the last 100 years. B. Average annual precipitation in Hungary in the 20 th century. C. Monthly https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-map-of-the-factors-limiting-soil-fertility-in-hungary-1liap0m6.png Fig. 2 Map of the factors limiting soil fertility in Hungary. 1. Extremely coarse texture (8% of the total area of Hungary); 2. Acidity (12.8%); 3. Salinity and/or alkalinity (8.1%); 4. Salinity and/or alkalinity in the deeper layers (2.6%); 5. Extremely heavy texture (6.8%); 6. Waterlogging or peat formation (1.7%); 7. Erosion (15.6%); 8. Shallow depth (2.3%) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-moisture-regimes-in-hungary-and-the-reasons-for-them-qhijn2cr.png Fig. 8 Moisture regimes in Hungary and the reasons for them https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-process-of-salt-accumulation-in-the-hungarian-g9apq66g.png Fig. 6 The process of salt accumulation in the Hungarian Danube Valley. Legend: a) Height above sea level, m; b) Trans-Danubian loess plateau; c) Danube; d) Danube Valley; e) Sand-ridge between the Danube and the Tisza; f) Basin periphery; g) Hungarian central range of mountains. 1. Limestone; 2. Rhyolite, andesite; 3. Rhyolite and andesite tuff; 4. Impermeable Pannon clay; 5. Fluviatile gravel, sand, sandy silt; 6. Clay lens; 7. Loess; 8. Pleistocene clay https://scispace.com/papers/solar-chimney-turbine-performance-yyagp9254l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-20-discretised-body-in-flow-w-380smg7t.png Figure 3.20. Discretised body in flow W∞. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-description-of-turbine-design-points-6nmezial.png Table 3.1. Description of turbine design points. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-standard-conditions-at-collector-inlet-for-solar-61mm3lbd.png Table 2.1 Standard conditions at collector inlet for solar chimney. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-35-turbine-diffuser-true-aspect-ratio-showing-2nhmugy4.png Figure 3.35. Turbine diffuser (true aspect ratio) showing expansion angle. https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-1-experimental-turbine-performance-details-1ibdkkkn.png Table D.1 Experimental turbine performance details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-32-pressure-distribution-at-blade-midpoint-station-360araue.png Figure 3.32. Pressure distribution at blade midpoint, station 4, for high and low pressure case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-predicted-turbine-pressure-drop-over-a-24-hour-4jbj9gav.png Figure 3.1. Predicted turbine pressure drop over a 24 hour period https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-predicted-mass-flow-1ir0kxs3.png Figure 3.2. Predicted mass flow https://scispace.com/papers/solar-city-indicator-a-methodology-to-predict-city-level-pv-2uhr3b28io 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-location-of-seven-cities-analysed-290r1ylj.png Figure 2: Location of seven cities analysed https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-influencing-socio-economic-factors-identified-from-2cphne1y.png Table 2: Influencing socio-economic factors identified from the literature for the uptake of solar PV https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-percentage-of-electricity-demand-that-can-be-met-by-16a0zipg.png Figure 3: Percentage of electricity demand that can be met by financially viable rooftop PV https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-solar-city-indicator-results-with-physical-and-2wmmw308.png Figure 5: Solar City Indicator results with physical and socio-economic potential combined https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-data-obtained-for-socio-economic-factors-for-each-an779upc.png Table 3: Data obtained for socio-economic factors for each city https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-socio-economic-factors-normalised-with-the-overall-37guotit.png Table 4: Socio-economic factors (normalised) with the overall socio-economic indicator value showing the sum of each factor for each city. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-changes-to-fit-rates-for-solar-pv-all-rates-are-p-28btemjt.png Table 1: Changes to FiT rates for solar PV – all rates are p/kWh (DECC, 2012b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-installed-capacity-of-solar-pv-under-the-fit-scheme-1bqu8gl6.png Figure 1: Installed capacity of solar PV under the FiT scheme between June 2011 and October 2012 (DECC, 2012a) https://scispace.com/papers/solar-forcing-and-el-nino-southern-oscillation-enso-2dtg9q8d50 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-antarctic-sea-ice-margins-mean-winter-seaice-cover-cspmmjqq.png Figure 1. Antarctic Sea Ice margins: Mean winter seaice cover and year-round Antarctic ice measured from 1978-1987 with a passive-microwave satellite. Distribution of the atmospheric Polar Front, East and West wind drift driven by Polar Easterlies and Westerlies and the Antarctic currents (modified from Orsi et al. 1995 and Gloersen et al. 1992).The red point locates the core JPC17B (140.25’E, 66.25’S) (Adélie Drift). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-surface-depth-age-model-based-on-four-aiom-dates-3i5akobg.png Figure 2. (a) Surface depth-age model based on four AIOM dates between 0 to 2.03 mcd. This subset of data yields a LSR of 7.6 m kyr-1. (b) Deep depth-age model based on two AIOM (12.04 and 24.06 mcd) dates and four calcite dates between 11.53 to 48.72 mcd. AIOM dates has been adjusted by 400 years in order to merge the AIOM and calcite dates into one age model, with a LSR of 20-21 m kyr-1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-accelerator-mass-spectrometry-14c-ages-from-cores-1rpzvngp.png Table 1. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry 14C ages from cores KC17, JPC17B and CADO core. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-down-core-records-in-core-jpc17b-versus-age-bulk-22ifj2o2.png Figure 4. Down-core records in core JPC17B versus age. Bulk density (g cm-3) is samples every 2.38 yr (5 cm). Ti and Ba (XRF data in normalized cps.) are sampled in a time step of 0.47 yr (1 cm). Magnetic susceptibility (χ massnormalized (m3 kg-1) is sampled every 1.19 yr (2.5 cm), and Opal (%) and δ13Corg every 4.76 yr (10 cm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-down-core-records-in-core-jpc17b-versus-depth-mass-26fpmfe2.png Figure 3. Down-core records in core JPC17B versus depth. Mass-normalized magnetic susceptibility (χ) data plotted in m3 kg-1 after application of a five point smoothing function. χ average content is 5.70·10-8 m3 kg-1. Gamma-ray attenuation (GRAPE) bulk density average is 1.14 g cm-3. The Biogenic silica average content is 45.03 (%). δ13Corg has an average value of -26.61 ‰ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-multi-taper-method-mtm-spectral-power-plots-of-1656gvzp.png Figure 5. Multi-taper method (MTM) spectral power plots of proxies from JPC17B (a) Biogenic silica and (b) δ13Corg for the interval 750 – 1150 yr BP, (c) Titanium and (d) Barium for the interval 750 – 1150 yr BP. We used three tapers and a time-step of 5 years in Opal and δ13Corg data, and a time step of 0.5 years in the XRF data. Numbers above the reshaped and harmonic spectra are the periods of the most specific spectral peaks, rising above the 95% or 99% confidence limit https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-size-and-position-of-the-amundsen-sea-low-las-2vsgnhhp.png Figure 6. Size and position of the Amundsen Sea Low (LAS). Thickness of the arrows (red color=warm air and in blue=cooler air) indicate strength of the LAS during the el Niño & la Niña events. During la Niña a cooling is observed in Amundsen and Ross Sea. In contrast the region shows a warming during el Niño events. Grey arrows indicate katabatic wind flow (From Bertler et al. 2006). https://scispace.com/papers/solar-heat-gain-through-fenestration-systems-containing-3p6ttye7ya 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-exterior-shading-layer-numbering-and-definition-of-1gshruox.png Figure 4. Exterior Shading. Layer numbering and definition of shaded and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-layer-numbering-for-between-pane-shading-a-shading-1jkensmc.png Figure 5. Layer numbering for between-pane shading. A shading layer S is https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-definition-of-unshaded-and-shaded-parts-of-a-110clkju.png Figure 1. Definition of Unshaded and Shaded Parts of a Shading Layer. For either https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-contribution-of-multiple-interreflections-to-the-2dhadmam.png Figure 2. Contribution of Multiple Interreflections to the Transmittance of a Glazing G with an Interior Shading Layer S. (a) Mathematical Structure of the Transmittance. The symbol below each ray indicates the direction (specified by two angles). At the shading layer, one direction is selected from the outgoing distribution. (Light arrows indicate the existence of other rays.) Above each ray is the term resulting from the last encounter with a solid material. The transmittance contribution indicated at the end of the arrow is the product of all terms along the preceeding path, integrated over intermediate directions. (b) A venetian blind example illustrates how a ray may encounter different shading layer transmittances on initial incidence and after interreflection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-multilayer-glazings-considered-as-systems-and-cm6e6ho1.png Figure 3. Multilayer glazings considered as systems and subsystems. A total of L https://scispace.com/papers/solar-photovoltaic-financing-residential-sector-deployment-1n94i8wkyo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-residential-power-purchase-agreement-14m750e6.png Figure 10. The residential power purchase agreement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-state-income-tax-credits-and-deductions-for-1uvng12z.png Figure 4. State income tax credits and deductions for renewable energy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-residential-retail-electricity-price-in-11jno954.png Figure 2. Average residential retail electricity price in August 2008 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-annual-and-20-year-electricity-production-of-28s3k8ux.png Table 1. Average Annual and 20-Year Electricity Production of 4 kW PV System https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-electricity-production-and-20-year-electricity-cost-38nbg8ya.png Table 2. Electricity Production and 20-Year Electricity Cost of 4 kW PV System https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-total-pv-system-cost-to-newark-homeowner-including-k6aaxu6j.png Figure 9. Total PV system cost to Newark homeowner, including incentives https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-on-site-generation-and-net-metering-aukrqhc9.png Figure 1. On-site generation and net metering https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-total-pv-system-cost-to-boulder-homeowner-including-fk5v1xyg.png Figure 8. Total PV system cost to Boulder homeowner, including incentives https://scispace.com/papers/solar-radiation-and-temperature-effects-on-agricultural-3ubtn7154h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-change-of-daily-radiation-intensity-in-terms-of-2f94eafj.png Figure 4. The change of daily radiation intensity in terms of efficiency https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-change-of-average-daily-ambient-temperature-2g2y3eg1.png Figure 5. The change of average daily ambient temperature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-daily-change-of-electrical-efficiency-solar-8wh8udo8.png Figure 6. The daily change of electrical efficiency, solar radiation and water flow in the Warm period https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-directly-bowered-pvps-chart-3emqskae.png Figure 1. Directly bowered PVPS chart https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-daily-average-temperature-values-in-a-month-in-2i71i9gr.png Figure 3. Daily average temperature values in a month in Malatya https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-daily-average-global-radiation-values-in-a-month-in-34e2ftoe.png Figure 2. Daily average global radiation values in a month in Malatya https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-daily-change-of-electrical-efficiency-solar-3gopl65x.png Figure 8. The daily change of electrical efficiency, solar radiation and water flow in the cold period https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-daily-change-of-electrical-efficiency-solar-7uammxvy.png Figure 7. The daily change of electrical efficiency, solar radiation and water flow in the Lukewarm period https://scispace.com/papers/solar-radiative-effects-of-a-saharan-dust-plume-observed-4jowiecx0o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-references-for-the-complex-refractive-indices-of-2gj4l7nl.png Table 1. References for the complex refractive indices of major constituents of mineral dust and dust ensembles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-volume-fraction-of-the-main-constituent-groups-of-1ug47xui.png Fig. 4. Volume fraction of the main constituent groups of Saharan mineral dust as function of particle size exploited by single particle analyses on 19 May, 2006, at ground (top panel) and on aircraft (bottom panel). The data of the airborne dust were limited by particle sizes of about 25 μm. For larger particles the data at Tinfou level were taken. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-top-panel-number-concentration-of-the-accumulation-25y97116.png Fig. 8. (top panel) Number concentration of the accumulation mode (blue) measured on 19 May during the FALCON flight, which was scaled to the total (yellow), see the main text. (bottom panel) Spectral surface albedos measured on 19 May onboard the D-GERY at 11:48 and 12:00 UTC close to OZT (∼5% measurement uncertainty) compared to the surface reflectance characteristics of ocean water. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-deviations-in-oo-dotted-and-g-solid-for-prolate-ar-1-2nat1pp8.png Fig. 13. Deviations in ωo (dotted) and g (solid) for prolate (AR < 1) and oblate (AR > 1) spheroids from Mie theory on 19 May over OZT at 12:00 UTC at an altitude of 2225 m a.g.l. (top panel) VEQV. (centre panel) SEQV. (bottom panel) VSEQV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spectral-complex-refractive-indices-of-the-following-1xvbjq3o.png Fig. 5. Spectral complex refractive indices of the following material groups that are representative for mineral dust mixtures: silicates, quartz, carbonates, sulphates and iron-rich materials. The curves were calculated using moving averages of spectral literature data cited in Table 1. For anisotropic materials ordinary complex refractive index data were taken. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mean-spectral-complex-refractive-indices-for-the-2lrblq4o.png Fig. 6. Mean spectral complex refractive indices for the measured airborne Saharan dust (coloured curves) as function of the particle size class (the ground-based data are very similar). The light grey curves represent the refractive indices of the ensemble data cited in Table 1, and using the latter ones the dark grey curves was computed via moving averages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-atmospheric-radiative-effects-ares-of-samums-saharan-21pbnzva.png Fig. 18. Atmospheric radiative effects (AREs) of SAMUM’s Saharan mineral dust measured on 19 May over desert (triangle) and ocean (squares) as function of the aspect ratio (AR) for assumed prolate (ARs lower than 1.0) and oblate (larger than 1.0) spheroidal model particles considering the equivalence cases VEQV (blue), SEQV (light green), VSEQV (dark green), LAEQV (red), SAEQV (orange) and VEQV+GW (yellow). For details see the main text. (top panel) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-scattering-methods-used-in-certain-ranges-of-the-3ikzcrlj.png Table 2. Scattering methods used in certain ranges of the four-dimensional parameter space, defined by the volume equivalent size parameter xv , the aspect ratio (AR) and the real nr as well as the imaginary part ni of the complex refractive index, for calculating the extinction optical properties of single randomly oriented prolate ( < 1) and oblate ( > 1) spheroids and saving these data in a database. Note that these ranges are approximate ones depending on the convergence of the several methods for given combinations of the parameters xv , nr , ni and . Of course, we tried to obtain the maximum coverage of the parameter space for all methods https://scispace.com/papers/solarcap-super-capacitor-buffering-of-solar-energy-for-self-thwe836i0h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-building-blocks-of-the-solar-harvesting-storage-system-1byhzn00.png Fig. 3. Building blocks of the solar harvesting/storage system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-microchip-mikroc-pro-code-used-to-control-the-front-1k6q96zd.png Fig. 5. Microchip mikroC PRO code used to control the Front End Circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-back-end-circuit-as-a-constant-voltage-for-the-1fvndfyv.png Fig. 6. Back End Circuit as a constant voltage for the embedded board. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-oscilloscope-snapshots-during-a-buck-and-b-boost-3qwp20av.png Fig. 7. Oscilloscope snapshots during (a) Buck and (b) Boost operation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-prototype-solarcap-hardware-the-circuit-has-been-1ylqt5pj.png Fig. 1. Prototype SOLARCAP hardware. The circuit has been developed in two different phases: 1) Front-end supply transfers the energy from the solar panels into the super-capacitors, 2) Back-end circuit is a DC-DC buck converter to produce a low-ripple voltage supply from the super-capacitor energy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-non-linear-i-v-curve-of-the-three-series-solar-panels-1l6e277t.png Fig. 2. Non-linear I-V curve of the three series solar panels. Maximum Power Point (MPP) is reached at 13.3V https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-front-end-circuit-is-used-to-transfer-the-energy-1p9ic61d.png Fig. 4. Front End Circuit is used to transfer the energy generated by the solar panels into the super-capacitor block. https://scispace.com/papers/soleus-plantaris-and-gastrocnemius-vegf-mrna-responses-to-3m1t3sd1sv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-c57bl-6-mice-characteristics-mean-sd-n-1-4-9-for-12sgyq01.png Table 1 C57BL/6 mice characteristics (mean ± SD, N ¼ 9 for young and aged) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-vegf-mrna-in-23eq356n.png Figure 1 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA in soleus (top), plantaris (middle) and gastrocnemius (bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-vegf-mrna-in-6u6i6sgw.png Figure 2 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA in soleus (top), plantaris (middle) and gastrocnemius (bottom) at rest, 0 h and 1 h post-exercise in young and aged C57BL/6 mice. Exercise increased VEGF mRNA in all muscles at 0 h with a significantly greater increase at 1 h. Exercise-induced increases in VEGF mRNA were similar in young and aged. VEGF mRNA was greater in aged compared with young in all muscles independent of rest/exercise (mean ± SD). N ¼ 3 per group for young and aged; *significantly different than rest; # significantly different than rest and 0 h post-exercise. https://scispace.com/papers/solid-and-aqueous-speciation-of-yttrium-in-passive-49jiiy8ehd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pdfs-of-basaluminite-coprecipitated-in-the-presence-u270nxcm.png Figure 2. PDFs of basaluminite coprecipitated in the presence of Y (B-Ycop), pure 294 basaluminite (B-pure) and differential PDF (d-PDF). The d-PDF spectrum has been 295 amplified (3) for visualization purposes. 296 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentages-of-y-species-in-the-column-samples-u1xkoa83.png Table 3. Percentages of Y species in the column samples obtained from LCF of the 442 EXAFS spectra. R-factor and χ 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-modeling-parameters-of-the-y-k-edge-exafs-spectra-of-o8ivwqye.png Table 1. Modeling parameters of the Y K-edge EXAFS spectra of the 0.1 M YSO4 259 aqueous solution (the error is expressed in the parentheses after the last digit). 260 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-atomistic-representations-of-the-three-models-of-3ghu2wdp.png Figure 4. Atomistic representations of the three models of YSO4 aqueous complex 329 adsorbed on the basaluminite-water interface. The different atomic positions of YSO4 330 to octahedral-Al are used to fit the EXAFS signal of the B-YSO4 sample. The three 331 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-top-experimental-pdfs-of-yso4-sol-and-y-sol-3qt0xl2a.png Figure 1. (A) Top: Experimental PDFs of YSO4-sol and Y-sol samples. Bottom: 235 Simulated (AIMD) PDF (YSO4-calc) and partial PDFs of an YSO4 + https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-the-exafs-fits-for-b-yso4-reference-model-1yakc394.png Table 2. Results of the EXAFS fits for B-YSO4 reference. Model 1: monodentate inner 369 sphere. Model 2: bidentate mononuclear inner sphere. Model 3: bidentate binuclear 370 inner sphere. Var. indicates independent variables. The best model is indicated with a 371 star (*). The error is expressed in the parentheses after the last digit. 372 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-k-3-vldk8fm8.png Figure 3. k 3 https://scispace.com/papers/solid-oxide-fuel-cell-reactor-analysis-and-optimisation-3yrk02y623 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cell-performance-variables-under-non-optimised-base-38tnk9k1.png Table 3. Cell performance variables under non-optimised (base case) and optimised conditions for the same total air flow rate in both cases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cell-performance-for-different-air-flow-rates-with-1i4trq00.png Table 2. Cell performance for different air flow rates with fuel flow rate constant at the base case value. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cell-performance-for-different-fuel-flow-rates-with-14h1j2qw.png Table 1. Cell performance for different fuel flow rates with air flow rate constant at the base case value. https://scispace.com/papers/solid-lipid-nanoparticles-incorporating-melatonin-as-new-un2yy7wpny 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-pharmacokinetic-analysis-after-mt-s-and-mt-sln-o-2gjtm3ib.png Table I. Pharmacokinetic analysis after MT-S and MT-SLN-O administration. https://scispace.com/papers/solid-state-characterizations-of-long-term-leached-cast-40zi2u64n8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-10-a-sem-micrograph-secondary-electron-mode-of-the-2l29ldct.png Figure 3-10 – a) SEM micrograph (secondary electron mode) of the T5-DI outer wall, b) SEM micrograph (backscatter mode) of the same area on the T5-DI sample, c) SEM image showing the locations (colored and numbered) selected for EDS measurements and the corresponding values at each location. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-quantitative-xrd-measurement-for-the-monoliths-2dzfavp9.png Table 3-1 – Quantitative XRD measurement for the monoliths from this study. Rutile TiO2 was added as a known standard in the measurement. Error for the measurements is assumed at ~10% of the reported value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-15-digital-autoradiography-a-decay-maps-of-the-t17-2s2fvbf2.png Figure 3-15 - Digital autoradiography α decay maps of the T17 monolith cross-section. The color contrast is a measure of the relative number of α decays detected at that specific pixel, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-16-a-photograph-of-the-t18lcs2-7-8ris-3-monolith-2dwwcchr.png Figure 3-16- a) photograph of the T18LCS2-7.8RIS-3 monolith immediately after removal from its archived VZPW leaching solution, several biological growths are identified with the red https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-history-of-cast-stone-monoliths-characterized-in-1muryzdh.png Table 2-1 – History of Cast Stone monoliths characterized in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-11-a-sem-micrograph-of-the-t5-vz-outer-wall-b-1jgrz1wv.png Figure 3-11- a) SEM micrograph of the T5-VZ outer wall, b) magnified view of the T5-VZ surface, c) SEM image showing the locations (colored and numbered) selected for EDS measurements and the corresponding values at each location. .............................................. 3.17 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-14-a-iqid-b-decay-map-of-a-non-spiked-monolith-1h0uwfb5.png Figure 3-14- a) iQid β decay map of a non-spiked monolith sample, b) shadow image showing the sample prior to iQid imaging, c) iQid β decay map of a sample from the T5-DI monolith, d) shadow image showing the T5-DI sample on the detector prior to the iQid imaging and e) Micro-XRF of a sample from T5-DI (shown in c and d) showing elemental maps for Al, Si, Ca and S Kα intensity and the digital autoradiography β decay map corresponding to Tc. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-photographs-of-the-six-monoliths-selected-for-dnwpeayh.png Figure 3-1 – Photographs of the six monoliths selected for this study immediately following their removal from the archived solutions. https://scispace.com/papers/solid-state-current-amplifier-based-on-impact-ionization-t3o4w7y8l2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-current-vs-voltage-measurements-at-the-n-region-of-the-3546v9ym.png FIG. 3. Current vs voltage measurements at the N+ region of the impact ionization amplifier when connected to external photodiode current sources. a Silicon photodiode illuminated with a white light source. b InGaAs photodiode illuminated with a 1.55- m laser. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-avalanche-breakdown-characteristics-of-the-n-p-p-gain-2l6i1vvu.png FIG. 2. Avalanche breakdown characteristics of the N+-P−-P+ gain region of the impact ionization amplifier with and without 650-nm LED illumination. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cross-sectional-view-of-the-impaction-ionization-1nrfqxz9.png FIG. 1. Cross-sectional view of the impaction ionization amplifier illustrating its operation principle. A reverse-biased photodiode is connected as a current source. The high electric field is created by reverse biasing the N+-P−-P+ layers vertically. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-gain-efficiency-vs-applied-voltage-at-the-n-region-of-uauqzdjc.png FIG. 4. Gain efficiency vs applied voltage at the N+ region of the impact ionization amplifier with the 100-nA injection current from an external InGaAs photodiode. https://scispace.com/papers/solid-state-formation-of-ti-4-aln-3-in-cathodic-arc-42squq52f5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-x-ray-powder-diffraction-data-collected-and-shown-in-2um0gf3b.png Table 4. X-ray powder diffraction data collected and shown in Fig. 7 (a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ternary-composition-map-showing-with-dots-the-total-im2d7ydc.png Figure 1. Ternary composition map showing with dots the total alloy composition and their labeling from A to F. The position for the Ti2AlN and Ti4AlN3 MAX phases are marked with stars. Horizontal lines represent fixed nitrogen cotents given in the notation (Ti1-xAl x)Ny. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pearson-coefficient-of-aluminum-titanium-and-21601hv8.png Table 1. Pearson coefficient of aluminum, titanium and nitrogen for as-deposited sample A, C and F. * Data from samples grown under similar conditions taken from Schramm et al. [28] for comparison. Value of 0 indicates random distribution and 1 complete segregation of the https://scispace.com/papers/solid-state-electrolyte-gated-graphene-in-optical-modulators-n6xp6igj4u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-l-4-separator-structure-a-optical-reflectance-2afl1m2d.png Figure 2. λ/4 separator structure. (a) Optical reflectance spectra for different gate voltages. (b) Electrical resistance through graphene and gate current as a function of gate voltage (swept at 0.05 V/s). (c) Change in reflectance taking as reference the charge neutrality point (CNP) corresponding to gate voltage 1 V. (d) Numerical simulations for the relative change in reflectance of the device at different Fermi energies in graphene. (e) Time response of the graphene resistance and the device reflectance with gate voltage changes. (f) Temperature response of the graphene resistance and gate current as a function of the gate voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-optical-modulator-design-a-device-schematic-b-cross-10rrw0bv.png Figure 1. Optical modulator design. (a) Device schematic. (b) Cross-section of a device. (c) Optical microscope image of typical devices. The active areas of two devices are indicated by red rectangles. Scale bar 50 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-high-frequency-modulation-a-modulation-of-the-34rwf1dr.png Figure 4. High frequency modulation. (a) Modulation of the reflectance at 1571 nm in the device from Figure 3a. A 1 MHz sine function of 16 V peak to peak amplitude with different voltage offsets is applied to the gate. The reflectance curves are normalized to the reflectance for zero gate voltage and shifted in the vertical axis for clarity. (b) Modulation with a square signal. (c) Black: Normalized reflectance as a function of the gate voltage (swept at 0.017 V/s). Gray: Numerical simulation of the reflectance as a function of the estimated Femi energy. Blue, green and red regions indicate the estimated regions of modulation of the similarly colored traces in (a). Inset: Numerical simulation of the change in reflectance as a function of the Fermi energy and the wavelength. (d) Modulation of the transmittance of white light (filtered by the 830 nm resonance) in the device from Figure 3c. A 2 Hz sine function of 8 V peak to peak amplitude is applied to top and bottom gates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fabry-perot-modulators-a-change-in-reflectance-in-a-bk5qelry.png Figure 3. Fabry-Perot modulators. (a) Change in reflectance in a device designed for reflection at 1.5 µm for different gate voltages relative to 0 V (shown in the inset). (b) Numerical simulations of the change in reflectance at different Fermi energies in graphene relative to 0 eV. (c and d) Change in reflectance and transmittance in a device designed for transmission at 1.1 µm for different gate voltages relative to 0 V (shown in the insets). (e) Reflectance and transmittance in a device designed for transmission at 830 nm. (f) CCD camera image taken in transmission. Scale bar 50 µm. (g) Maximum change in transmittance when the top and bottom gates voltage is modulated with a 2 Hz sinusoidal signal from -4 V to 4 V. https://scispace.com/papers/solid-state-klystron-modulator-for-jlc-1m940picaz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-cell-modulator-2lp04ntz.png Figure 5: A cell-modulator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-output-current-waveform-with-and-without-n5k8z19h.png Figure 8: Output current waveform with and without compensation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-trigger-timing-chart-2jkto2qp.png Figure 7: Trigger timing chart. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-output-current-waveform-2x2zbr8h.png Figure 6: Output current waveform. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-design-parameters-of-a-10-stage-test-modulator-568u8s4u.png Table 2: Design parameters of a 10-stage test modulator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-10-stage-test-modulator-with-a-resistor-load-1b9o5c06.png Figure 4: 10-stage test modulator with a resistor load. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simplified-schematic-of-a-10-stage-test-modulator-126d95fx.png Figure 3: Simplified schematic of a 10-stage test modulator circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-cell-modulator-when-the-switch-is-turned-on-17haampl.png Figure 2(a): Cell-modulator when the switch is turned on. https://scispace.com/papers/solid-state-interconversion-of-cages-and-coordination-139npzj7z8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-s-and-b-c-conformations-for-bisox-3c8ozmwz.png Fig. 1 (a) The S- and (b) C-conformations for bisox. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-transformations-required-to-convert-the-ag2-bisox-6d208ubd.png Fig. 5 The transformations required to convert the Ag2(bisox)3 cages in 2 into the triply-interpenetrated sheets in 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-powder-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-for-the-conversion-322gfhjx.png Fig. 4 Powder X-ray diffraction patterns for the conversion of 2 to 1: (a) simulated pattern for 2, (b) 2, (c) 2 heated at 75 1C under vacuum for 1 h, and (d) simulated pattern for 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-structure-of-ag2-bisox-3-clo4-2-et2o-2-showing-a-1nx7qrvl.png Fig. 3 The structure of [Ag2(bisox)3](ClO4)2 Et2O 2, showing (a) the Ag2(bisox)3 cages, with the included diethyl ether molecules shown in orange, and (b) the alternation of triply interpenetrated sheets with rows of cages, shown in dark blue, with perchlorate anions shown in red. Hydrogen atoms have been omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/papers/solid-state-laser-driver-for-an-icf-reactor-mi2k8n190d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-drift-region-characteristics-2rtj5pfe.png TABLE 5. Drift Region Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-flow-channel-characteristics-3g1quaki.png TABLE 4. FLOW CHANNEL CHARACTERISTICS https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pump-diooe-array-characteristics-3sciii74.png TABLE 3. PUMP DIOOE ARRAY CHARACTERISTICS https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-power-applifler-efficiency-projection-1ejruibw.png TABLE 7. Power Applifler Efficiency Projection https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-and-spectroscopic-characteristics-of-3i0vgoie.png TABLE 1. PHYSICAL AND SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CALCIUM FLUORIDE https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gain-slab-characteristics-3h8n50oy.png TABLE 2. GAIN SLAB CHARACTERISTICS https://scispace.com/papers/solid-state-reflective-displays-srd-for-video-rate-full-4ujjc4k1th 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-a-static-full-colour-srd-demo-created-via-a-opbnojnh.png Figure 5 – a. A static full colour SRD demo created via a lithographically defined sub-pixelated process (right) is placed next to a colour printed version of the same picture (left). No enhancement in contrast or brightness was applied to this picture. b. Overall view angle performance of the SRD static demo showing small variation in colour even for shallow viewing angle. c. Three microscope pictures taken at high magnification of different regions in the parrot image. Pale and vivid versions of the RGB sub-pixels, together with the corresponding black matrix shutter, can be seen in each https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-proposed-architecture-for-a-full-rgbwk-srd-1dgttmv4.png Figure 4 – a. Proposed architecture for a full RGBWK SRD reflective display. 3 RGB subpixels define the gamut and bright white state while an integrated top optical shutter is used for the black and grey scales. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-b-c-spectrum-measurements-of-rgb-static-film-1fyu11vf.png Figure 3 – a,b,c. Spectrum measurements of RGB static film prototypes in both their pale and saturated phase. d. Resulting white state with an identical 1/3 subpixels architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-pixel-level-reflectance-measurements-for-both-erhplpba.png Figure 6 – a. Pixel level reflectance measurements for both vivid and pale RGB sub-pixels. b. Measured total colour gamut and luminance for the full colour SRD demo. https://scispace.com/papers/solid-waste-management-a-case-study-of-arppukara-grama-81hp9zoam1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-total-quantity-of-waste-generated-in-kottayam-ppt5urz8.png TABLE 5 THE TOTAL QUANTITY OF WASTE GENERATED IN KOTTAYAM MEDICAL COLLEGE https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-town-s-daily-waste-generation-collection-in-3shsahz3.png TABLE 1 THE TOWN'S DAILY WASTE GENERATION & COLLECTION (IN TONES) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-category-and-quantity-of-medical-waste-generated-36jx7yfk.png TABLE 7 THE CATEGORY AND QUANTITY OF MEDICAL WASTE GENERATED FROM KOTTAYAM MEDICAL COLLEGE https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hetpwyqo.png Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-categories-of-hospital-waste-396r1n8s.png TABLE 6 CATEGORIES OF HOSPITAL WASTE https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-daily-average-generations-of-waste-by-shops-and-87ol9kop.png Table 4 The daily average generations of waste by shops and other commercial establishments https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-important-institutions-and-other-establishments-2298ebpk.png TABLE 2 The important institutions and other establishments in the Arppukara town https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-various-components-of-health-care-waste-in-developing-1hdzvgv8.png Fig. 3 Various components of health care waste in developing countries https://scispace.com/papers/solidarites-patronales-et-formation-des-interlocks-entre-les-535wx7eu9e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-liens-interlocks-entre-les-dirigeants-de-lelite-de-1j4ityjq.png Figure 1. Liens interlocks entre les dirigeants de l’élite de premier ordre https://scispace.com/papers/soliton-generation-and-rogue-wave-like-behavior-through-2fmmt48b9l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-experimental-spectrum-recorded-a1-by-harvey-et-al-1t1v11h5.png Fig. 1. The experimental spectrum recorded (a1) by Harvey et al. [3] is compared with our numerical results (a2) after 1 m of propagation. We have averaged (solid black line) our results over a set of 50 “shots” (grey dotted lines). (b) Spectro-temporal representations of optical field for various propagation lengths. (c) Magnification of 1(b4) between 40 and 48 ps. (d) Statistical distribution of the peak powers for the soliton pulses in the Stokes band (d1) and dispersive trapped waves (d2) for a propagation length of 1.5m. Results are normalized relative to the median value (bottom) or expressed in Watts (top). 30 bins are used. https://scispace.com/papers/soliton-stripe-patterns-of-a-functional-with-an-attractive-1eb19gvnlk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-two-functions-of-u-on-each-graph-represent-3n-sauvtmsy.png Figure 1: The two functions of ū on each graph represent 3N 2β γ and ū(ū−1)(1− 2ū). (1) Case β > 0 and α = 0. (2) Case β < 0 and α = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-two-functions-of-u-on-each-graph-represent-3n-18kmkq1x.png Figure 2: The two functions of ū on each graph represent 3N 2α γ (ū − 12 ) and ū(ū− 1)(1 − 2ū). (1) Case α > 0 and β = 0. (2) Case α < 0 and β = 0. https://scispace.com/papers/solitons-and-scattering-for-the-cubic-quintic-nonlinear-15lgrb2zs8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-selected-numerical-data-q9a467pk.png Table 2.2. Selected numerical data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-open-set-r-in-theorem-1-1nj58yg9.png Figure 1.1. Schematic diagram of the open set R in Theorem 1.3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-the-shaded-area-indicates-feasible-mass-energy-1ts9htyg.png Figure 4.1. The shaded area indicates feasible mass/energy pairs. Dots and solid lines indicate boundary points that are achieved; broken lines indicate boundary points that are not achieved. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-detail-of-the-mass-energy-curves-of-po-shown-3n27ylnx.png Figure 5.2. Detail of the mass/energy curves of Pω, shown solid, and Rω, shown dotted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-schematic-depiction-of-the-open-set-r-r2-based-on-2flcd5b4.png Figure 5.1. Schematic depiction of the open set R ⊂ R2, based on numerics. Note: the scale of the various features has been drastically altered in order to make them all visible on one plot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-closer-view-of-the-mass-energy-curves-of-po-shown-1wrvdnbv.png Figure 5.3. Closer view of the mass/energy curves of Pω, shown solid, and Rω, shown dotted. The horizontal axis denotes mass. In order to reveal the fine detail of the intersection, a shear transformation has been applied, namely, f(E,M) = E + 12ω1/3(M − M(Pω1/3)), where ω1/3 is determined numerically so that β(ω1/3) = 1/3 (cf. Table 2.2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-schematic-mass-energy-curve-m-po-e-po-for-ground-v9tx7wof.png Figure 2.1. Schematic mass/energy curve (M(Pω), E(Pω)) for ground state solitons, based on numerics. https://scispace.com/papers/solubility-and-activity-coefficients-of-atmospheric-2h1d29kvfo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-shows-that-cosmotherm-can-correctly-predict-a-3b3auheu.png Figure 4 shows that, COSMOtherm can correctly predict a salting out effect (positive Ks values) for acetic, butanoic and hexanoic acid when they are dissolved in water with 1% and 5% of mole fraction of NaCl. Compared to the experimental results, COSMOtherm underestimates the salting out effect for acetic acid, for which the calculated solubility values result in Ks= 0, as it was found completely soluble in water and in the solutions with small fractions of NaCl. For all other cases COSMOtherm overestimates the experimentally determined salting out. Previous studies have also reported overestimation of experimentally predicted salting out effects by COSMOtherm in aqueous organic–inorganic salt mixtures with sodium chloride55,56 and ammonium sulfate.55,57 Toivola et al.55 attributed this deviation to the overestimation of the molecular interactions in the solution. Here, the Ks of butanoic acid deviates more from the corresponding experimental value. Both computed and experimental values of Ks in Figure 4 show that fatty acids with longer aliphatic chains are salting out more strongly than the fatty acids with shorter carbon chains, which is in agreement with other reported salting effects in solutions of organic compounds (e.g. ketones and alkyl benzenes) with increasing carbon atoms.56,57 The length of the carbon chain will not https://scispace.com/papers/solubility-of-pt-in-sulphide-mattes-implications-for-the-3i4lyiuf6o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-conditions-and-major-and-trace-element-kde5d6wo.png Table 2 Experimental conditions and major and trace element concentrations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-some-of-the-different-matte-silicate-and-131px2xi.png Table 1 Summary of some of the different matte/silicate and metal silicate partition coefficients for Pt and Pd available in the literature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-calculate-activity-coefficients-for-pt-in-the-metal-2196oxhb.png Table 3 Calculate activity coefficients for Pt in the metal phase and correspondent paritition coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-molar-fraction-of-pts-in-matte-as-a-function-of-fs2-1xpkkayo.png Fig. 6. Molar fraction of PtS in matte as a function of fS2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-profile-of-the-pt-content-of-the-metal-phase-for-38f39ubt.png Fig. 1. (A) Profile of the Pt content of the metal phase for different run times. Curves represent five point moving averages derived from 30 to 50 EMP point analyses for each profile. (B) Pt content in matte at different run times. Time series carried out at constant fS2 (0.001 bars), fO2 (10 11 bars) and temperature (1200 C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-pt-concentrations-in-matte-at-different-fo2-constant-2maaf0bm.png Fig. 4. (A) Pt concentrations in matte at different fO2, constant fS2 and 1200–1300 C. Note that there is a small negative dependence of Pt contents on fO2 until at higher fO2 when Pt solubility suddenly drops. Error bars (2r standard error) smaller than symbols. (B) The metallic character of the matte (FeS + O) decreases with increasing fO2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pt-concentrations-in-matte-in-equilibrium-with-pt-ptgv1jwl.png Fig. 3. Pt concentrations in matte in equilibrium with Pt metal at different fS2 and constant fO2 at 1200 and 1300 C. Pt concentrations were normalised to unit activity of Pt because these experiments had significant amounts of Fe in the metal phase, therefore ½Pt a normmatte ¼ ½Pt matte=ametalPt . Error bars (2r standard error) in log plot smaller than symbols. (B) Fe/S (at%) as a function of fS2. Because the experimental system is an open one, matte composition changes over the range of fS2 studied. Such a variation is demonstrated by the Fe/S (at%) of the matte, which approaches unity at high fS2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-pt-x-ray-map-of-run-pto11-for-pt-the-original-pt-u2smffni.png Fig. 2. (A) Pt X-ray map of run PtO11 for Pt. The original Pt metal (in the top center) is surrounded by a depletion halo (1) where no Pt is observed due to Pt diffusion into the Pt wire during quenching. The sulphide phase includes quench nuggets of PtFe metal (2) which exsolved from the matte during quenching. (B) Backscatter electron image of run PtS1. This is a typical run product where nuggets of PtFe are rosette shaped indicating they are a product of quenching. https://scispace.com/papers/soluble-abrasives-for-waterjet-machining-3dy629e19m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-workpiece-materials-and-properties-22attdkw.png Table 1 Workpiece materials and properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bse-images-showing-grit-embedment-at-traverse-sixqlw2k.png Figure 3 BSE images showing grit embedment at traverse speeds of 1000 mm/min https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-abrasive-properties-2b6bzqm0.png Table 2 Abrasive properties https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-procedure-for-soluble-abrasive-cleaning-process-2yglf6rv.png Table 3 Procedure for soluble abrasive cleaning process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-gma-garnet-abrasive-mesh-size-80-b-soluble-l8xxomvu.png Figure 1 (a) GMA garnet abrasive (mesh size 80) (b) Soluble abrasive 1 – Softstrip (mesh size 60) (c) Soluble abrasive 2 - Maxxstrip (mesh size 20-40). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-change-of-grit-contamination-over-three-different-kgtatd9p.png Figure 4 Change of grit contamination over three different regions on the AWJ treated copper surface using Soluble Abrasive 1 at traverse speed 1000 mm/min. Both SE and BSE images are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-mrr-and-ra-roughness-resulting-from-variation-38iyus6k.png Figure 2 The MRR and Ra roughness resulting from variation in traverse speed for all workpiece materials and all abrasive types. https://scispace.com/papers/soluble-il-1-receptor-2-is-associated-with-left-ventricular-4parxhzh1d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-the-patient-population-2r0i02b8.png Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the patient population in the POSTEMI trial. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-soluble-il-1-regulators-and-fnfhj7tl.png Table 2. Correlations between soluble IL-1 regulators and measures of cardiac injury and function. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-myocardial-injury-and-function-measured-by-cmr-23g3qym9.png Table 3. Myocardial injury and function measured by CMR according to sIL-1R2 values. https://scispace.com/papers/soluble-iron-nanoparticles-as-cheap-and-environmentally-2spcorpzys 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-hydrogenation-of-olefins-catalysed-by-fe-npsa-1motia91.png Table 1 The hydrogenation of olefins catalysed by Fe-NPsa https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-hydrogenation-of-alkynes-catalysed-by-fe-npsa-32pkwtdg.png Table 2 The hydrogenation of alkynes catalysed by Fe-NPsa https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-tem-micrograph-of-fe-nps-and-a-histogram-showing-2d0ahams.png Fig. 1 A TEM micrograph of Fe-NPs and a histogram showing their particle size distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-effect-of-pressure-and-temperature-on-the-rate-and-18hk1a4n.png Fig. 3 The effect of pressure and temperature on the rate and selectivity of 1-octyne hydrogenation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-conversion-of-1-octyne-into-1-octene-and-octane-13w945mb.png Fig. 2 The conversion of 1-octyne into 1-octene and octane. https://scispace.com/papers/solute-transfer-across-the-sediment-surface-of-a-eutrophic-1f96ndxge0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-the-magnitude-of-nutrient-release-from-3fw0yxxg.png Table 5. Comparison of the magnitude of nutrient release from surface mineralization and from mineralization below the sediment surface https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-replicate-porewater-profiles-replicability-of-ggys6fod.png Figure 1. Replicate porewater profiles. Replicability of profile shapes and concentrations generally is good as shown here for o-PO43– and SO42–. The PO43– profiles were from 86-m water depth in L. Sempach in October, 1990; SO42– profiles are from 50-m water depth in L. Sempach in August, 1992 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-sedimentation-diffusive-and-burial-1xmc7hc1.png Table 4. Comparison of sedimentation, diffusive, and burial fluxes (mmol m–2 d–1) at the deepest location in L. Sempach https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variability-among-diffusive-fluxes-calculated-from-3e3v19bi.png Table 1. Variability among diffusive fluxes calculated from identical replicate peepers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spatial-trends-in-organic-matter-deposition-and-1wbt4q0u.png Figure 4. Spatial trends in organic matter deposition and mineralization. Concentrations of organic matter in surface sediments (Höhener, 1989) and sediment inventories of 210Pb (Wieland et al., 1993) increase with increasing water depth as a result of focusing of fine particulate material. However, diffusive fluxes of NH4+, HCO3– and P do not show parallel trends. Even when fluxes of CO2 and CH4 are added to the fluxes of HCO3–, no significant difference exists between littoral and pelagic areas. The increase in NH4+ fluxes with increasing water depth is small in comparison to the increase in organic matter in the sediments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-seasonal-deposition-and-dissolution-of-caco3-2laf7vdt.png Figure 7. Seasonal deposition and dissolution of CaCO3. Deposition (A) of CaCO3 (measured with sediment traps at the center of L. Sempach) shows a marked seasonality with peak deposition in summer months. Porewater profiles of Ca (and Mg; not shown) from the deepest site in L. Sempach also show some seasonal features. Profiles are flatter in spring and fall, but show a marked kink at the sediment surface in summer that reflects higher rates of carbonate dissolution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-littoral-and-pelagic-porewater-2sgl3og1.png Figure 2. Comparison of littoral and pelagic porewater profiles. Concentrations of all species released from decomposition of biomass (DIC, P, NH4+, Si, CH4) are higher in pelagic sites (L. Sempach, 86-m water depth, April 1991) compared to littoral sites (L. Sempach, 15-m water depth, March 1991). Profiles of DIC and CH4 are not shown. Higher concentrations of Fe and Mn also are observed in the pelagic sites. Concentrations of NO3– and SO42– (not shown) are similar in littoral and pelagic sediments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-seasonal-variations-in-porewater-profiles-of-no3-j9q6b1tk.png Figure 8. Seasonal variations in porewater profiles of NO3– and SO42–. Depletion of both electron acceptors begins higher above (NO 3–) or within (SO 42–) the sediments during summer months. All profiles shown were measured at 86-m water depth in L. Sempach https://scispace.com/papers/soluble-transition-metals-cause-the-pro-inflammatory-effects-4j9uxfejqt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-metal-content-of-whole-soluble-washed-and-chelex-3sg66ldv.png Fig. 10. Metal content of whole, soluble, washed, and chelex-treated soluble welding fume fractions. Transition metal content of welding fumes (63 μg ml−−1) was analyzed by ICP-MS and quantified using 11-point calibration from multi-element ICP standards. Values expressed as μg ml−1 total metal. Total metal mass represents 5–6% of particle weight. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-welding-fume-particles-on-il-8-protein-a549-1vp6w8qm.png Fig. 4. Effect of welding fume particles on IL-8 protein. A549 cells were treated with welding fumes (2–63 μg ml−1) for (A) 6 or (B) 24 h. (C) Cells were exposed to the soluble fraction of welding fumes. (D) Welding fume particles were washed for 24 h and the supernatant was analyzed for IL-8 protein. The values are expressed as percent control (0 μg ml−1). The histograms represent the mean of four experiments performed in triplicate and the bars represent SEM *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared to control. $P < 0.05, $$P < 0.01, $$$P < 0.005 NIMROD 182 v NIMROD c276, #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 NIMROD 182 v COBSTEL 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-soluble-fractions-of-welding-fume-particles-deplete-qk6k8pus.png Fig. 8. Soluble fractions of welding fume particles deplete intracellular GSH. Total intracellular GSH following treatment with either whole welding fume particles (w) (black) or soluble fractions (s) (grey) (63 μg ml−1) for 2 h. The values are expressed as percentage control. The graph represents the mean of five experiments conducted in triplicate and the bars the SEM, *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001compared to control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-welding-fume-particles-decrease-the-metabolic-activity-274xj05g.png Fig. 3. Welding fume particles decrease the metabolic activity of alveolar epithelial cells. Metabolic activity was determined by the reduction of MTT following treatment with welding fumes (1–250 μg ml−1) for 24 h and is expressed as percent of the control value (0 μg ml−1). The graph represents the mean of four experiments conducted in triplicate. The bars represent ± SEM *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, ***P < 0.001 compared to control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effect-of-welding-fume-particles-on-glutathione-2ajmvx68.png Fig. 7. Effect of welding fume particles on glutathione concentrations in alveolar epithelial cells. Total intracellular GSH concentration of A549 cells following treatment with whole welding fumes (63 μg ml−1) for 0, 2, 4, 6, or 24 h. The values are expressed as glutathione percent control (0 μg ml−1) at 0 h. The graph represents the mean of five experiments conducted in triplicate and the bars the SEM, *P < 0.05 compared to control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-welding-fume-particles-on-il-8-gene-r8yn3y6b.png Fig. 5. Effect of welding fume particles on IL-8 gene expression. A549 cells were treated with welding fume particles 2–63 μg ml−1 for 6 h, RNA was isolated, and IL-8 mRNA was quantified by RT-PCR. (A) Representative PCR gel for IL-8 and GAPDH for dose-response of A549 cells treated with welding fumes. (B) Representative PCR gel for IL-8 and GAPDH for cells exposed to either whole or soluble fraction of welding fumes. (C) Histogram represents n = 4 conducted on pooled triplicate samples ± SEM. Values expressed as the ratio of IL-8 mRNA/GAPDH expressed as percentage control (0 μg ml−1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-transition-metal-chelation-inhibits-cytokine-release-2qle4vz1.png Fig. 6. Transition metal chelation inhibits cytokine release induced by welding fume particles and soluble fractions. Whole welding fume particles (W) (Black) and soluble https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-transition-electron-micrographs-showing-particles-a-114rzzde.png Fig. 1. Transition electron micrographs showing particles. (A) NIMROD 182. (B) NIMROD c276. (C) COBSTEL 6. (D) Carbon Black. (E) Ultrafine Carbon Black. Magnification: ×35 000. https://scispace.com/papers/solution-nmr-structure-of-the-sh3-domain-of-human-3a6624yied 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-structural-statistics-11proc6v.png Table I : Structural statistics https://scispace.com/papers/solution-processable-n-type-organic-semiconductors-based-on-35uougq5lv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-uv-vis-absorption-spectra-and-fluorescence-3cc0qjs8.png Figure 2. (A) UV-vis absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra of 1a-b and 2a-b in dichloromethane. (B) Cyclic voltammetric profile of 1a-b and 2a-b in dichloromethane with 0.1 M Bu4NPF6 as supporting electrolyte. Potentials are reported versus the Fc+/Fc redox couple as an external standard, scan rate = 100 mV/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structures-of-dnt-dnc-and-2a-b-1kefazvl.png Figure 1. Structures of DNT, DNC, and 2a-b. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-transfer-and-output-characteristics-of-ofet-devices-3jnwooj9.png Figure 4. Transfer and output characteristics of OFET devices fabricated by drop casting of 2a (A, B) and 2b (C, D). For B and D, VDS= 80 V is applied. https://scispace.com/papers/solution-of-the-kinetic-equations-governing-trap-filling-vmqxzabwup 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-variation-in-n-t-t-with-generation-rate-f-for-2pv6vpmn.png FIG. 5. Variation in n (t +T) with generation rate f for different values of N~. At very low and very high values of f,n (t + T) is essentially independent of the generation rate However. , there exists a range off over which n (t +T) can decrease, increase, or remain independent of f, depending upon the values of XI. The parameters used in this diagram are the following: N=10' cm;A=10 ' cm s 'A =10 ' cm s AI, —10 ' cm's '; and R=IO' cm '. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-variation-of-n-t-t-full-lines-and-n-t-dot-dash-2voz5628.png FIG. 6. The variation of n(t+T) (full lines) and n(t) (dot-dash lines) with f for the parameters listed in Fig. 4, with R =10' cm . The curves corresponding to three different values of NI, are shown, namely (a) 2)&10' cm; (b) 3X10' cm; (c) 10' cm . At low values of f the approximate solution of Eq. (8) [dashed line (d)] agrees with the numerical solution. For curve (a), n (t+ T) remains approximately independent of f and equal to the solution of Eq. (8). In curve (b), n (t +T) deviates from the solution of Eq. (8) and becomes approximately equal to the solution of Eq. (7) [dashed line (e)]. For curve (c), n (t +T) deviates from the solution of both Eqs. (7) and lg) at higher values of f. In all three cases (a), (b), and (c), n (t) & n (t +T) at high f. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-variation-of-n-t-t-with-f-for-two-sets-of-parameters-2yonh2t6.png FIG. 11. Variation of n(t+T) with f for two sets of parameters. For (a) the parameters are &=10"cm Nk —10"cm '; NI, —10"cm ';A=10 ' cm's '; https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-a-set-of-growth-curves-in-which-the-solution-of-eq-19-28jt3r64.png FIG. 12. A set of growth curves in which the solution of Eq. (19) agrees very closely with the values of n (t+ T). The parameters are the same as those for Fig. 11(b). (a) n(t+T); (b) n(t); (c) solution of Eq. (19). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-energy-level-scheme-used-in-this-paper-for-the-3caqyw8j.png FIG. 1. The energy-level scheme used in this paper for the simple case of one trap and one recombination center ("one-trap —one-center"). The arrows indicate the allowed transitions and the parameters indicated in the diagram are defined in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-final-i-e-at-time-t-t-concentrations-of-holes-in-1fmmjvug.png FIG. 8. The final (i.e., at time t +T ) concentrations of holes in the centers as a function of generation rate. Both nq and n~ change in the same direction, but nI only increases by a factor of -5% compared with an increase by a factor of -6 for nI. The parameters used are the following: IV=10' cm; XI—10' cm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-energy-level-diagram-for-the-one-traptwo-centers-case-38r9mcal.png FIG. 7. Energy-level diagram for the one-traptwo-centers case. An extra recombination center has been added to the simple energy-level picture of Fig. 1. The parameters are defined in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-as-for-fig-14-but-with-a-10-cm-s-ak-10-cm-s-and-a-10-f6ky56aq.png FIG. 16. As for Fig. 14, but with A =10 ' cm's Ak ——10 ' cm's ', and A, =10 "cm s https://scispace.com/papers/solution-to-crisis-of-a-particle-s-simultaneously-passing-4kvs0oekic 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-interference-of-single-particle-plane-wave-in-young-s-3t1pd7iy.png Fig. 2 Interference of single particle plane wave in Young's double slit experiment https://scispace.com/papers/solution-processed-small-molecule-transistors-with-low-230imnu38g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-typical-transfer-characteristics-of-bte-tips-pen-in-o6mlecbf.png Fig. 3 (a) Typical transfer characteristics of BTE-TIPS-PEN in bottomgate/bottom-contact field-effect transistor configuration (L ¼ 10 mm; W ¼ 5000 mm), with needles oriented parallel (blue) and perpendicular (red) to the source–drain bias direction. (b) Cross-polarized optical micrograph of a BTE-TIPS-PEN thin film on an ‘‘umbrella’’ transistor configuration. (c) Charge-carrier mobilities mFET of BTE-TIPS-PEN versus transistor channel lengths, L (filled and non-filled symbols represent resp. the saturation and linear mFET). (d) Polar plot for mFET (linear regime) with respect to the angle between the needles and the source– drain bias direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-wide-angle-x-ray-diffraction-001-and-111-pole-5ycgriav.png Fig. 2 Left: wide-angle X-ray diffraction (001) and (111) pole figures of BTE-TIPS-PEN thin films. Right: schematic of the unit cell of BTETIPS-PEN structures and its orientation with respect to the substrate (the red arrow indicates the growth direction of the needles). The black circle in the pole figure of (111) diffraction indicates the direction of j ¼ 42.3 and 4 ¼ 48.8 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-wide-angle-x-ray-diffractograms-of-bte-tips-pen-1al9zg1d.png Fig. 1 Left: wide-angle X-ray diffractograms of BTE-TIPS-PEN with its chemical structure as the inset. Right: optical micrographs of BTETIPS-PEN thin films, cast at 120 C from 0.5 wt% xylene solutions (top: bright-field; bottom: crossed-polarized). https://scispace.com/papers/solutions-of-two-point-boundary-value-problems-via-phase-465gk34qff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-8-time-t-x-graphs-x-3-39097-2-94664-0-88459-2-3d9hufmu.png Figure 3.8: Time T(x) graphs x ∈ (−3.39097,−2.94664) ∪ (0.88459, 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-10-the-solution-for-equation-3-3-and-which-satisfy-2rz2iebm.png Figure 3.10: The solution for equation (3.3) and which satisfy the initial conditions x′(0) = 0 and (a) x(0) = −3.13; (b) x(0) = −2.983; (c) x(0) = −2.9479; (d) x(0) = −2.94669253. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-9-the-solution-for-equation-3-3-and-which-satisfy-24zrbdtb.png Figure 3.9: The solution for equation (3.3) and which satisfy the initial conditions x′(0) = 0 and (a) x(0) = −3.38; (b) x(0) = −3.3909; (c) x(0) = −3.39096801; (d) x(0) = −3.3909680129842. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-6-the-function-g-x-figure-3-7-the-respective-phase-1n47bblk.png Figure 3.6: The function G(x). Figure 3.7: The respective phase-portrait with nontrivial period annulus (red). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-12-the-solution-for-equation-3-3-and-which-satisfy-3fr8q390.png Figure 3.12: The solution for equation (3.3) and which satisfy the initial conditions x′(0) = 0 and (a) x(0) = 1.83; (b) x(0) = 1.987; (c) x(0) = 1.9998; (d) x(0) = −1.99999999999. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-11-the-solution-for-equation-3-3-and-which-satisfy-3l9559jf.png Figure 3.11: The solution for equation (3.3) and which satisfy the initial conditions x′(0) = 0 and (a) x(0) = 1.14; (b) x(0) = 0.93; (c) x(0) = 0.886; (d) x(0) = 0.88459923. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-the-function-g-x-3-4-figure-3-2-the-respective-129b6i8n.png Figure 3.1: The function G(x) (3.4). Figure 3.2: The respective phase-portrait. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-the-solution-for-equation-3-3-around-center-x-0-3f04pf5o.png Figure 3.3: The solution for equation (3.3) around center x = 0 and which satisfy the initial conditions x′(0) = 0 and (solid line – positive conditions, dashed line – negative conditions) a) x(0) = 0.45 and x(0) = −0.45; b) x(0) = 0.75 and x(0) = −0.97; c) x(0) = 0.855 and x(0) = −1.25; d) x(0) = 0.881 and x(0) = −1.42; e) x(0) = 0.8845 and x(0) = −1.485; f) x(0) = 0.88459908 and x(0) = −1.4992; g) x(0) = 0.8845991867 and x(0) = −1.499999985. https://scispace.com/papers/solvation-free-energies-for-periodic-surfaces-comparison-of-q2wxnanb1q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-the-two-possibilities-to-assess-s-ag-2nd1xccm.png Fig. 2 Schematic of the two possibilities to assess ∆s∆aG, evaluated by FEP, which only accounts for the variation of the solvation free energy upon adsorption of the molecule on the surface. (top): "M" and "S" refer to the molecule (red circle) and surface (gray rectangle), respectively, while the solvent is depicted by the blue rectangle. Steps II-I-III define the scheme dubbed FEPabs, where the solvation energy for each species needs to be computed separately. Alternatively, steps IV-I directly give the solvation energy contribution to adsorption. (bottom): Corresponding thermodynamic cycles, with roman letters indicating the corresponding processes depicted in the top scheme. The FEP contribution to the adsorption process in vacuum evaluates to strictly zero (horizontal blue line in the thermodynamic cycle) and its value is evaluated at the DFT level. The rectangle represents the "standard" cycle (FEPabs), while the triangle avoids the absolute solvation free energies for metallic slabs by assessing process IV, in red. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-the-solvation-free-energy-contribution-ny0jatbl.png Fig. 7 Comparison of the solvation free energy contribution to adsorption ∆s∆aG as computed by the PCMτ=0 and FEP approaches. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-computed-solvation-free-energy-contributions-s-agfep-3gmc8ojv.png Fig. 5 Computed solvation free energy contributions ∆s∆aGFEP to the adsorption of levulinic acid in three distinct adsorption modes according to different FEP setups: The index gives the number of "windows" used, while the superscript "abs" refers to the computation of the free energy of adsorption by two separate computations: one for the naked metal surface and one for the surface with the molecule adsorbed. In the absence of this superscript, the FEP is computed between surface with the molecule adsorbed as the end state and the naked metal surface as the initial state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-the-adsorption-free-energy-in-vacuum-an-mr3qdde6.png Fig. 6 Comparison of the adsorption free energy in vacuum, an implicit solvent (PCMτ=0) and in explicit solvent (FEP). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-model-of-levulinic-acid-chemisorbed-at-the-water-ru-8iuoqce2.png Fig. 1 Model of levulinic acid chemisorbed at the water/Ru(0001) interface. The solute (levulinic acid and the Ru atoms) is represented by van der Waals spheres and the water solvent molecules with lines. The depicted system corresponds to the unit cell for MM computations. The solute is kept in its PBE-dDsC chemisorption geometry; water is described with the TIP3P force field; the water/solute interaction is provided by a mixed TIP3P — QM-UFF description: the electrostatic interactions are TIP3P – QM and the Lennard-Jones interactions are TIP3P–UFF. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-computed-solvation-free-energies-sg-of-small-molecules-114w54qj.png Fig. 3 Computed solvation free energies ∆sG of small molecules compared to experimental data (see ESI†for their distributions in form of a histogram around the average error). Two settings are tested for the PCM: PCMτ=0 refers to the use of standard parameters, except that the cavity surface tension τ is set to zero to improve numerical stability and PCMacc uses the default parameters for the PCM, but with increased numerical precision (600 eV plane-wave basis set and more accurate FFT grids). polPCM includes the polarization contribution to the solvation energy, i.e., ∆sEPCMpol . FEP computations are either based on vacuum charges (FEPvac-charges) or on an electronic structure surrounded by an implicit solvent (PCMτ=0). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-components-of-the-pcmt-0-adsorption-free-energies-in-xtfkwp7l.png Table 1 Components of the PCMτ=0 adsorption free energies in eV: ∆aGPCM = ∆aEvac +∆s∆aEPCMpol +∆s∆aG PCM inter = ∆aE PCM +∆s∆aGPCMinter The "dip" superscript refers to the use of the dipole correction during the SCF procedure. Note that the energy cost to polarize the wave function in the PCM is responsible for ∆aEPCM > ∆aEvac. Hence, even a negative ∆s∆aGPCMinter can lead to more weakly adsorbed molecule in implicit solvent than in vacuum. For ease of comparisons, ∆aEvac is given as well. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-representation-of-the-four-adsorption-modes-studied-of-1pk80zo3.png Fig. 4 Representation of the four adsorption modes studied of levulinic acid and the adsorption energies computed by different schemes; numbers in parenthesis refer to the absence of the dipole correction. The first row gives the adsorption energies in vacuum (∆aEvac). The second row (bold) gives the adsorption energy when including an implicit solvent (∆aGPCM τ=0 ), which naturally includes the polarization contribution ∆s∆aEpol . https://scispace.com/papers/solvent-and-halide-induced-inter-conversion-between-iron-ii-1mbo4ys25k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1h-nmr-spectra-of-the-fe2ss-2-powder-dissolved-in-vscfbpx2.png Figure 5. 1H-NMR spectra of the [Fe2SS]2+ powder dissolved in different solvents: CD2Cl2 (green), CD3CN (red), d7-DMF (blue). Black squares indicate the peaks attributed to the dinuclear [Fe2SS]2+ complex, red and blue circles indicate peaks assigned to mononuclear [FeMeCN]+ and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cvs-of-the-fe2ss-2-solid-dissolved-in-ch2cl2-black-3syexc45.png Figure 6. CVs of the [Fe2SS]2+ solid dissolved in CH2Cl2 (black, 0.5 mM), MeCN (red, 0.3 mM), DMF (blue, 0.5 mM). Glassy carbon working electrode, 100 mV.s-1, 0.1 M n-Bu4NClO4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-uv-vis-spectral-evolution-of-a-fe2ss-2-in-ch2cl2-0-12r74ap7.png Figure 7. UV-vis spectral evolution of (a) [Fe2SS]2+ in CH2Cl2 (0.1 mM) before and after https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-black-empty-spots-and-simulated-red-2qultjbo.png Figure 2. Experimental (black empty spots) and simulated (red and green light) zero-field 57Fe Mössbauer spectra (80 K) of solid (a) [FeSS]2+, (b) [FeDMF]+, and (c) [FeCl]-. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cvs-of-0-5-mm-solutions-of-fecl-black-line-and-fei-30433hgr.png Figure 8. CVs of 0.5 mM solutions of FeCl (black line) and FeI (red line) in CH2Cl2 (glassy carbon working electrode, 100 mV.s-1, 0.1 M n-Bu4NClO4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-uv-vis-spectra-of-fess-2-in-solid-state-black-21ay7qfq.png Figure 3. UV-vis spectra of [FeSS]2+ in solid state (black dashed, NaBF4 pellet) and in solution (0.35 mM, 2 mm path length) of CH2Cl2 (black), MeCN (red) and DMF (blue). The solid state spectrum of [FeDMF]+ is also shown for comparison (blue dashed). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-crystal-structures-of-a-fess-clo4-2-b-fedmf-clo4-1xpp82q5.png Figure 1. Crystal structures of (a) [FeSS](ClO4)2, (b) [FeDMF]ClO4, and (c) [CoCp2][FeCl] with partial thermal ellipsoids drawn at 30% probability level. All hydrogen atoms, lattice solvents and counterions are omitted for clarity. For the latter compound, only one of the two independent molecules is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-esi-ms-spectra-of-fess-2-dissolved-in-a-ch2cl2-b-28riraoa.png Figure 4. ESI-MS spectra of [FeSS]2+ dissolved in (a) CH2Cl2, (b) MeCN and (c) DMF. Insets show experimentally obtained (exp.) and simulated (sim.) isotope patterns. https://scispace.com/papers/solvation-of-the-ca2uo2-co3-3-complex-in-seawater-from-1uof0h9t6i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-into-a-periodic-water-box-for-the-initial-30o06pft.png Figure 1, into a periodic water box. For the initial configuration of the second system, 10 Na+ and 10 Cl− ions were randomly placed in the first system to create the simulated seawater with a concentration of Na+ 10.7 g/kg.42 The volume of the box was ∼31 × 31 × 31 Å3 with 3D periodic boundary conditions, and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-radial-distribution-function-of-ca1-blue-and-ca2-1r1m578a.png Figure 8. Radial distribution function of Ca1 (blue) and Ca2 (red) around U: (a) in pure water; (b) in seawater. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-change-of-the-ca1-na-blue-and-ca2-na-red-distances-mgfxdhwq.png Figure 9. Change of the Ca1−Na (blue) and Ca2−Na (red) distances with time during the 600 ns dynamics of the Ca2UO2(CO3)3 complex in seawater; the Na+ ion here refers to the close-by Na+ ion, as shown in Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-radial-distribution-functions-left-axis-and-573mf29o.png Figure 4. Radial distribution functions (left axis) and coordination numbers (CN; right axis) of Ca2+ (black), Na+ (red), and Cl− (blue) around U. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-snapshot-of-the-ca2uo2-co3-3-complex-in-seawater-25q1cre8.png Figure 5. Snapshot of the Ca2UO2(CO3)3 complex in seawater, showing only water molecules directly interacting with the two Ca2+ ions and the Na+ ion. Arrows indicate the bridging water molecules. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematics-of-a-how-the-na-ion-interacts-with-the-2pau7un1.png Figure 6. Schematics of (a) how the Na+ ion interacts with the uranyl group and (b) how the Na+ ion interacts with one Ca2+ ion of the Ca2UO2(CO3)3 complex. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-radial-distribution-functions-left-axis-solid-lines-262wt4gl.png Figure 7. Radial distribution functions (left axis; solid lines) and the coordination numbers (CN; right axis; dotted line) of Na around Ca1 (blue) and Ca2 (red). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-key-distances-in-a-for-the-ca2uo2-co3-1s7x4bmz.png Table 1. Comparison of Key Distances (in Å) for the Ca2UO2(CO3)3 Complex in Water among the Present MolecularMechanical MD Simulation (MM-MD-1) with Previous MM-MD (MM-MD-2), DFT-MD, QMCF-MD Simulations, and EXAFS Data https://scispace.com/papers/solvent-annealing-induced-self-organization-of-poly-3-29b4403us1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-optical-transmittance-changes-and-current-densities-7yp9n3p9.png FIGURE 8. Optical transmittance changes and current densities monitored for the rapidly and slowly grown films at 520 nm, stepped between 0.0 and 1.1 V [vs Ag/Ag+(ACN)]. The dotted line represents the applied voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-cyclic-voltammograms-of-p3ht-prepared-using-18gjmlgw.png FIGURE 1. (a) Cyclic voltammograms of P3HT prepared using rapidand slow-growth methods [vs Ag/Ag+(ACN)] in 0.1 M LiClO4/cellulose acetate nitrate. (b) Cyclic voltammograms of the P3HT films at various potential scan rates. (c) Plots of the current densities versus the scan rates for the P3HT films. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-three-dimensional-spectroelectrochemical-surfaces-e5iemu6a.png FIGURE 2. Three-dimensional spectroelectrochemical surfaces of the (a) rapidly and (b) slowly grown films. Spectra were recorded at 100 mV increments between 0 and 1 V [vs Ag/Ag+(ACN)]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-xrd-spectra-of-p3ht-films-prepared-with-and-without-dqrdnk9n.png FIGURE 4. XRD spectra of P3HT films prepared with and without solvent annealing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-afm-images-of-p3ht-films-prepared-using-the-a-3sbpo7mn.png FIGURE 3. AFM images of P3HT films prepared using the (a) rapidand (b) slow-growth methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-output-at-different-gate-voltages-vg-and-transfer-2rqryilh.png FIGURE 5. Output at different gate voltages (VG) and transfer characteristics in the saturation regime at a constant source/drain voltage (VDS ) -60 V) for FETs incorporating the (a and b) rapidly and (c and d) slowly grown films. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-nyquist-and-b-bode-plots-providing-both-3v53h56j.png FIGURE 6. (a) Nyquist and (b) Bode plots providing both experimental (dots) and fitting (lines) data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-cie-1931-xy-chromaticity-diagram-for-the-rapidly-1qmkjxvl.png FIGURE 7. (a) CIE 1931 xy chromaticity diagram for the rapidly and slowly grown P3HT films as a function of the applied potential. (b) Relative luminance (% Y) for the rapidly and slowly grown P3HT films at applied potentials ranging from -1.6 to +1.6 V [vs Ag/ Ag+(ACN)]. https://scispace.com/papers/solvent-dependent-photochemical-dynamics-of-a-phenoxazine-43ihg3tv5j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-uv-absorption-spectrum-of-a-3-2-mm-solution-of-3mw2qy8l.png Figure 1: Top: UV absorption spectrum of a 3.2 mM solution of NPP in toluene (sample pathlength = 100 µm). The structure of NPP is shown as an inset. Similar absorption spectra were obtained in DCM and DMF (Supporting Information Figure S1). Bottom: Electron density difference plots between the S0 and Sn states for n = 1, 2 and 3 at the S0 geometry, showing the local excitation character for S0 S1 and S0 S2 transitions, and greater charger transfer character for the S3 state. The calculations were performed in toluene, the densities are visualised with isovalues set to 0.002, and an increase in electron density is shown in red, with a decrease in blue. Predicted excitation wavelengths () and oscillator strengths (f) are given for the three transitions. These computed properties are also shown as red vertical bars superimposed on the absorption spectrum, with the bar heights proportional to f values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-time-constants-obtained-from-bi-or-tri-exponential-2gto5eyo.png Table 1: Time constants obtained from bi- or tri-exponential analysis of the evolution of the intensities of bands observed by transient electronic absorption spectroscopy and assigned to the Sn, S1 and T1 states of NPP. The global fitting of kinetic data for all electronic states gives matching entries in more than one column for a given solvent. A dash indicates the time constant was not required in, or extracted from, the multi-exponential fitting. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-pe-curves-and-relaxation-pathways-for-the-wsq0yjfv.png Figure 5: Schematic PE curves and relaxation pathways for the photochemistry of NPP in solution. Photoexcitation to the Sn state (n = 2 or 3) at 318 nm is followed by competitive internal conversion to S1 and S0 (the latter perhaps instead from vibrationally hot S1 molecules) and vibrational energy transfer (VET) to solvent on timescales of 2 ≈ 20 ps. IC from Sn or S1 to S0 requires conical intersections which are not shown. The S1 lifetime is 3 ≈ 2 ns, with decay by competing fluorescence to S0 (blue arrow) and ISC to the triplet manifold (represented here only by the T1 state). The T1 state decays to S0 on timescales 4 > 25 ns which appear to be influenced by quenching by dissolved O2. Horizontal solid and dashed black lines indicate the lowest and an excited vibrational level of an electronic state, respectively. The time constants specified are representative of the values found for the three solvents studied (see Tables 1 and 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-time-constants-obtained-from-bi-or-tri-exponential-1o6yom2q.png Table 3: Time constants obtained from bi- or tri-exponential analysis of the evolution of the intensities of bands observed by transient vibrational absorption spectroscopy and assigned to the S0 and S1 states of NPP. The global fitting of kinetic data for both electronic states gives matching entries in more than one column for a given solvent. The sub-picosecond time constant 1 observed in TEAS data (Table 1) was not resolved in the TVAS data and hence was not included in fits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-transient-vibrational-absorption-spectra-obtained-w7ikg5ri.png Figure 4: Transient vibrational absorption spectra obtained for the 318-nm photoexcitation of NPP in three organic solvents: (a) DMF; (b) DCM; (c) toluene-d8 (for which the 1560 – 1590 cm-1 region is affected by a solvent band). The colours represent spectra obtained at different time delays after the photoexcitation, as shown by the inset key in the bottom panel. Black arrows indicate the directions of change of selected features with time. The kinetic plots obtained from analysis of these data sets are presented in Figure S9 of Supporting Information. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-transient-electronic-absorption-spectra-obtained-3hxdhsd4.png Figure 2: Transient electronic absorption spectra obtained for the 318-nm photoexcitation of NPP in three organic solvents: (a) DMF; (b) DCM; (c) toluene. The colours represent spectra obtained at different time delays after the photoexcitation, as shown by the inset key in the bottom panel. Black arrows show the directions of change of selected features with time. The spectral features are https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-computed-ir-band-wavenumbers-scaled-by-an-anharmonic-ig92ovmh.png Table 2: Computed IR band wavenumbers (scaled by an anharmonic correction factor of 0.953 – see main text) and intensities for the S0, S1 and T1 states of NPP in DMF, toluene and DCM solutions. The table lists the strong IR bands computed to appear in the spectral window probed here by TVAS. Experimentally observed values are given in parentheses and labelled as GSB or ESA features. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-of-excited-state-population-kinetics-n81cbh8e.png Figure 3: Examples of excited state population kinetics obtained from analysis of the TEAS data shown in Figure 2 for the 318-nm photoexcitation of NPP in: (a) DMF; (b) DCM. Integrated band intensities for the excited states are represented by coloured circles for Sn (green), S1 (blue) and T1 (red). Solid lines are global fits to bi- or tri-exponential functions for each sample. Negative going https://scispace.com/papers/solvent-consumption-in-non-catalytic-alcohol-solvolysis-of-20jdthddd2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-reaction-paths-for-solvent-consumption-primary-2qrxkpl4.png Fig. 3 Reaction paths for solvent consumption. Primary reactions are (a) solvent polymerization, (b) decomposition to gaseous products and (c) incorporation of alcohol into the bio-oil by covalent bonding. Secondary reactions are (d) formation of heavier solvent polymerization products that end up as part of the bio-oil fraction, (e) decomposition of solvent to gaseous products after incorporation into the bio-oil fraction and (f) decomposition of light solvent polymerization products to gas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-solvent-consumption-and-yields-of-water-light-organics-x8fpd9br.png Fig. 2 Solvent consumption and yields of water, light organics other than the solvent and unaccounted mass (gas) both in the presence of 10 g lignin and without for a 4 h reaction at 400°C using 100 ml alcohol solvent. Data is represented per mass of solvent added. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-molar-h-c-of-the-oil-product-resulting-from-treatment-12ra2ht8.png Fig. 8 Molar H/C of the oil product resulting from treatment of 10 g lignin in 100 ml alcohol solvent at different reaction temperatures for 4 h. The lignin feedstock has a molar H/C of 1.2. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-molecular-size-distribution-of-oil-product-obtained-24xarfgn.png Fig. 9 molecular size distribution of oil product obtained from solvolysis in the different alcohols at similar reaction conditions. Reaction conditions: 10 g lignin treated at 400°C for 4 h in 100 ml of alcohol solvent with a non-pressurised inert atmosphere prior to heat up. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-oil-and-solid-yields-per-mass-of-initially-added-3ukxna4n.png Fig. 1 Oil and solid yields per mass of initially added lignin (a) and gas yields at room temperature (b). Reaction conditions: 10 g lignin treated for 4 h in 100 ml of alcohol solvent with a non-pressurised inert atmosphere prior to heat up. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-gas-species-produced-after-4-h-reaction-at-400degc-in-ggkd6hm4.png Fig. 7 Gas species produced after 4 h reaction at 400°C in 100 ml alcohol solvent both with addition of 10 g lignin and without. For ease of comparison the top chart (a) shows yield of H2, CO and CO2 and total gas yield and bottom chart (b) shows yield of gaseous hydrocarbons. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-solvent-solvent-reaction-paths-through-an-aldehyde-2xcz6dws.png Fig. 6 Solvent-solvent reaction paths through an aldehyde intermediate. Higher alcohol synthesis through Guerbet reaction and ester formation through Cannizzaro/Tishchenko reactions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-cleavage-of-a-b-o-4-bond-can-take-place-as-111gyb0o.png Fig. 12 The cleavage of a β-O-4 bond can take place as different reactions. In reaction (a) the ethanol prevents repolymerisation of the radicals induced by homolytic cleavage. In reaction (b) ethanol aids the cleavage in a solvolysis transetherification reaction. These reactions are the ideal minimum solvent consumption reactions that are required in order to depolymerise the lignin. https://scispace.com/papers/solvent-free-synthesis-of-supported-zif-8-films-and-patterns-4fpv1fram4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sem-images-of-the-flake-like-zno-and-zif-8-films-a-the-154btzup.png Fig. 3 SEM images of the flake-like ZnO and ZIF-8 films. (a) The electrochemically deposited ZnO precursor film. (b) The resulting ZIF-8 film after 20 min transformation of the ZnO precursor film. Scale bars: 5 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-images-of-a-zif-8-pattern-obtained-after-20-min-2w3cb39k.png Fig. 2 SEM images of a ZIF-8 pattern obtained after 20 min transformation of a ZnO pattern. (a) The hexagonal ZIF-8 pattern. (b) A high magnification view of the sharp edge. Scale bars: (a) 20 mm, (b) 1 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-images-of-the-resulting-zif-8-films-top-view-at-287l0ive.png Fig. 1 SEM images of the resulting ZIF-8 films (top view) at different times during the transformation of a 1 mm thick sputtered ZnO film on a silicon wafer support. (a) 1 min, (b) 2 min, (c) 5 min, (d) 10 min. Scale bars: 5 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/solvent-hold-tank-sample-results-for-mcu-18-425-427-october-23gez5c10e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-t-test-paired-two-sample-for-means-dma-versus-xrf-1um46xt2.png Table 3-3 t‐Test: Paired Two Sample for Means.  DMA versus XRF for mercury. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-total-mercury-in-recent-sht-samples-32blewej.png Figure 14. Total mercury in recent SHT samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-t-test-two-sample-assuming-equal-variances-for-zuhswxbp.png Table 3-4 t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances for determining a “step” jump in the data after July 2016. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-t-test-paired-two-sample-for-means-hplc-versus-ft-2y2dql66.png Table 3-1 t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means (HPLC versus FT-HNMR) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-regression-fit-between-the-ft-hnmr-and-hplc-data-2vk7j52y.png Figure 4. A regression fit between the FT-HNMR and HPLC data for the Modifier. Also shown the 95% confidence lines (broken lines). The unitary slope line is also shown and lies inside the confidence line. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-t-test-paired-two-sample-for-means-hplc-versus-ft-2c8ztbbe.png Table 3-2 t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means. HPLC versus FT-HNMR https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-comparison-of-the-hplc-and-hnmr-analytical-3p3cim43.png Figure 10. A comparison of the HPLC and HNMR analytical methods for measuring MaxCalix. The ordinate is the subtraction of the results of the two methods and the coordinate is their average. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-linear-regression-of-the-ft-hnmr-and-hplc-data-for-26nqos6m.png Figure 11. Linear regression of the FT-HNMR and HPLC data for MaxCalix. The broken lines represent the 95% confidence limits. The unitary slope line lies outside the confidence lines. https://scispace.com/papers/solvent-effect-in-photo-ionic-cells-3cc5vjgtwz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-potential-levels-of-different-species-displaying-the-1azu0jv9.png Fig. 4. A) Potential levels of different species displaying the driving force for the quenching between sensitizer dye (D+) and quencher (Q), driving force for the recombination in aqueous phase and the final cell voltage, assuming that the redox potential of the D+/D couple does not significantly change when transferred into the organic phase. B) Effect of the liquid-liquid interface polarisation on the fuel cell (see Fig. 2) voltage E considering a hypothetical system with the standard potential of the dye in the organic phase =+E[ ] 0 VD /D https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-structure-of-the-azure-b-k62zm71h.png Fig. 5. Structure of the Azure B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-possible-system-configurations-for-photo-ionic-cell-d-2uv99ec8.png Fig. 1. Possible system configurations for photo-ionic cell. D refers to dye and Q refers to quencher. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dimerization-constants-of-azure-b-15x7os9k.png Table 1 Dimerization constants of Azure B. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-partition-coefficients-for-leuco-azure-b-and-hazb-as-292zxkge.png Table 2 Partition coefficients for leuco-Azure B and HAzB+ as the chloride salt. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-azure-b-spectra-at-different-concentrations-and-3hvf64z8.png Fig. 6. Azure B spectra at different concentrations and fitting the absorbance value at (a) 650 nm and (b) 649 nm as a function of [HAzB+]. Solutions prepared: (a) in water saturated with PC; (b) in 8M urea water solution saturated with PC. The path length was 0.1 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-photo-ionic-cells-for-dce-and-pc-gupx6qif.png Table 4 Comparison of photo-ionic cells for DCE and PC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-solar-energy-conversion-and-storage-with-photo-ionic-1l991xv6.png Fig. 2. Solar energy conversion and storage with photo-ionic cell photocharging the redox electrolytes and a fuel cell recovering the energy as electricity. https://scispace.com/papers/solving-graph-problems-via-potential-maximal-cliques-an-3ifm72d374 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-the-empirical-performance-of-different-l27txlx2.png Fig. 3. Comparison of the empirical performance of different methods for minimum fill-in. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-running-times-of-triangulator-bt-and-the-ip-approach-dpuvezpn.png Table 1. Running times of Triangulator (BT) and the IP approach to minimum fill-in for the instances used in [4]. Here |V | and |E | are the numbers of vertices and edges of the graph, respectively. The column Min-fill gives the cost of the optimal minimum fill-in as determined by the algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-running-times-of-triangulator-bt-and-edfs-for-the-3jc5bx3w.png Table 3. Running times of Triangulator (BT) and EDFS for the total table size problem. Here |V | and |E | are the number of vertices and edges, respectively, of the moralized Bayesian network. The column TTS gives the total table size as determined by the algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-graph-g-left-a-triangulation-h-of-g-middle-and-2tbel5le.png Fig. 1. Example graph G (left), a triangulation H of G (middle), and an induced subgraph G \ {v3,v4} (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-approaches-for-hypergraph-measures-vxwn1hmn.png Fig. 4. Comparison of approaches for hypergraph measures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-the-empirical-performance-of-azbkmjb9.png Fig. 2. Comparison of the empirical performance of Triangulator (BT), PIDDT, QuickBB, and MaxSAT on treewidth. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-running-times-of-triangulator-bt-and-bb-ghw-for-2kyzwwhr.png Table 2. Running times of Triangulator (BT) and BB-ghw for generalized hypertreewidth (GHTW), the BT algorithm for fractional hypertreewidth (FHTW), and det-k-decomp for (non-generalized) hypertreewidth (HTW). Here |V | and |E | are the numbers of vertices and edges of the hypergraph, respectively, and |E ′ | is the number of edges in the primal graph. The columns GHTW, FHTW, and HTW give the actual widths for the individual instances as determined by the algorithms. https://scispace.com/papers/solving-a-wind-turbine-maintenance-scheduling-problem-2dbei0ytbh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-aggregated-computational-results-for-the-cplns-1b3sxwu9.png Table 7: Aggregated computational results for the CPLNS (testbed G1 - average over 10 runs) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-aggregated-computational-results-for-the-four-l7t59dah.png Table 9: Aggregated computational results for the four different approaches (testbed G2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-computational-results-according-to-the-e8a9bn2p.png Table 5: Average computational results according to the solution acceptance criterion (testbed G1 - average over 10 runs) https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-gap-to-the-best-lower-bound-according-to-the-3i616gb3.png Table 11: Gap to the best lower bound according to the different approaches (testbed G1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-behavior-of-the-cplns-on-the-10-runs-testbed-g1-5-34tlof36.png Table 10: Behavior of the CPLNS on the 10 runs (testbed G1 - 5 minutes time limit) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-computational-results-for-the-cplns-testbed-g1-yyxrarfs.png Table 6: Computational results for the CPLNS (testbed G1 - average over 10 runs) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-behavior-of-the-cplns-on-the-10-runs-testbed-g1-5-89bp4ahx.png Table 8: Behavior of the CPLNS on the 10 runs (testbed G1 - 5 minutes time limit) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computational-results-when-solving-the-two-ilp-2ty9gvqw.png Table 1: Computational results when solving the two ILP models (testbed G1 - 3-hour time limit) https://scispace.com/papers/solving-multi-criteria-optimization-problems-with-population-4lp23s02rc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-median-attainment-surface-for-instance-a-for-tmax-1-25-1r5qxqoi.png Fig. 3. Median attainment surface for instance A for τmax ∈ {1, 25, 125, 2500} after 50000 ants have built a solution. The other parameters are k = 1 and q0 = 0.9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-median-attainment-surface-for-instance-a-for-tmax-1-25-2625rwgu.png Fig. 4. Median attainment surface for instance A for τmax ∈ {1, 25, 125, 2500} after 50000 ants have built a solution. The other parameters are k = 5 and q0 = 0.9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-median-attainment-surface-for-instance-a-for-tmax-5-25-2jd5kj2j.png Fig. 5. Median attainment surface for instance A for τmax ∈ {5, 25} and the combination τJJmax = 5 and τ JP max = 25) for the job×job and job×place matrix respectively. Results are shown after 50000 ants have built a solution, with k = 1 and q0 = 0.9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-median-attainment-surface-for-instance-a-for-k-1-3-5-3mpy56t1.png Fig. 2. Median attainment surface for instance A for k ∈ {1, 3, 5} after 50000 ants have built a solution. The other parameters are τmax = 25 and q0 = 0.9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-median-attainment-surface-for-instance-a-left-and-b-1762jhbo.png Fig. 10. Median attainment surface for instance A (left) and B (right) and instance AB projected to the corresponding two dimensions after 50000 ants have built a solution. The parameters are τmax = 1, k = 1 and q0 = 0.9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-median-attainment-surface-for-instance-b-for-tmax-1-25-1nb4bvy6.png Fig. 8. Median attainment surface for instance B for τmax ∈ {1, 25, 125, 2500} after 50000 ants have built a solution. The other parameters are k = 3 and q0 = 0.0 (left) and q0 = 0.9 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-median-attainment-surface-for-instance-b-after-an-fa9om8fb.png Fig. 9. Median attainment surface for instance B after an indicated number of ants have built solutions. The parameters are τmax = 1, k = 3 and q0 = 0.9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-median-attainment-surface-for-instance-b-for-q0-0-0-0-9fejv9tu.png Fig. 6. Median attainment surface for instance B for q0 ∈ {0.0, 0.5, 0.9} after 50000 ants have built a solution. The other parameters are τmax = 1 and k = 3. https://scispace.com/papers/solving-nonlinear-problems-by-ostrowski-chun-type-parametric-vnj6e7jzww 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-test-functions-and-numerical-results-for-methods-3quojwsp.png Table 2: Test functions and numerical results for methods without derivatives https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-test-functions-and-numerical-results-for-methods-sjaze4lc.png Table 1: Test functions and numerical results for methods with derivatives https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-approximated-solution-20d41zyk.png Table 6: Approximated solution https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-numerical-results-for-molecular-interaction-problem-1msleex5.png Table 5: Numerical results for molecular interaction problem https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-test-functions-and-results-for-nonlinear-systems-f3-2lw7zi5w.png Table 4: Test functions and results for nonlinear systems F3 and F4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-test-functions-and-results-for-nonlinear-systems-f1-1azevklt.png Table 3: Test functions and results for nonlinear systems, F1 and F2 https://scispace.com/papers/solving-process-planning-weighted-apparent-tardiness-cost-5bj4bfch18 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-small-shop-floor-results-3hj5zjc3.png Figure 2. Small shop floor results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-chromosome-1xhsawuv.png Figure 1. Sample chromosome https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-comparison-of-nine-types-of-solutions-for-large-shop-4c6ty7s4.png Table 7. Comparison of Nine Types of Solutions for Large Shop Floor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-large-shop-floor-results-318omtd2.png Figure 4. Large shop floor results https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-due-date-assignment-rules-3ctd33op.png Table 2. Due-date assignment rules https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dispatching-rules-2fkidgh2.png Table 3. Dispatching rules https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-medium-shop-floor-results-2iyi09ve.png Figure 3. Medium shop floor results https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-iteration-parameters-1ek1xrlz.png Table 4. Iteration parameters https://scispace.com/papers/solving-semidefinite-quadratic-linear-programs-using-sdpt3-2o2y4d32tx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparing-sdpt3-3-0-and-sdpt3-2-3-using-the-hkm-2ijgl7jg.png Figure 1. Comparing SDPT3-3.0 and SDPT3-2.3 using the HKM search direction. Bars above the axis demonstrate a win for 3.0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparing-sdpt3-3-0-and-sdpt3-2-3-using-the-nt-2ees47an.png Figure 2. Comparing SDPT3-3.0 and SDPT3-2.3 using the NT search direction. Bars above the axis demonstrate a win for 3.0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-computational-results-on-sdp-problems-in-the-dimacs-27jfhxau.png Table 3. Computational results on SDP problems in the DIMACS Challenge test set using SDPT3-2.3. These were performed on a Pentium III PC (800MHz) with 1G of memory. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-computational-results-on-dimacs-challenge-problems-3vsbrq9v.png Table 4. Computational results on DIMACS Challenge problems using SDPT3-3.0. These were performed on a Pentium III PC (800MHz) with 1G of memory. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-output-of-the-spy-function-in-matlab-on-the-schur-26blm4g2.png Figure 1. Comparing SDPT3-3.0 and SDPT3-2.3 using the HKM search direction. Bars above the axis demonstrate a win for 3.0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-output-of-the-spy-function-in-matlab-for-problem-3ugcyck1.png Figure 2. Comparing SDPT3-3.0 and SDPT3-2.3 using the NT search direction. Bars above the axis demonstrate a win for 3.0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-dimacs-challenge-problems-sd-so-and-l-stand-32nue1k1.png Table 1. Selected DIMACS Challenge Problems. SD, SO, and L stand for semidefinite, secondorder, and linear blocks, respectively. Notation like [33 x 19] indicates that there were 33 semidefinite blocks, each a symmetric matrix of order 19, etc. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-computational-results-on-sdplib-problems-using-sdpt3-3rmaopa5.png Table 5. Computational results on SDPLIB problems using SDPT3-2.3. These were performed on a Pentium III PC (800MHz) with 1G of memory. https://scispace.com/papers/solving-square-jigsaw-puzzles-with-loop-constraints-8a1ty52rao 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-example-representation-of-groups-of-pieces-using-3p5s8qg8.png Fig. 2: An example representation of groups of pieces using complex-valued matrices and their relational operations. The top row shows two matrices U and V which are compatible for a merge, and the bottom row shows variations of matrices which are instead incompatible. (a) Given complex-valued matrices U and V , (b) which share multiple pieces with the same IDs (real parts of the complex numbers), (c) we rotate matrix V (Rot2(V )) to align the shared pieces. (d) If the shared region is consistent to each matrix, we merge the two matrices. (e) Given complex-valued matrices W and X , (f) we align them by shared pieces. However, the matrices W and X are in conflict because the overlapped region includes different complex numbers (different IDs or rotations). (g,h) The matrices Y and Z also conflict because the non-overlapped regions include the same ID pieces (real parts of the complex numbers) in both matrices. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reconstruction-performance-on-type-1-puzzles-from-3bomjpy8.png Table 1: Reconstruction performance on Type 1 puzzles from the MIT dataset, The number of pieces is K = 432 and the size of each piece is P = 28 pixels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reconstruction-performance-on-type-1-puzzles-from-2yxql9qw.png Table 2: Reconstruction performance on Type 1 puzzles from Olmos et al. [12] and Pomeranz et al. [13]. The size of each piece is P = 28 pixels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-recovering-small-loops-of-arbitrary-order-the-match-adgvkhgo.png Fig. 3: Recovering small loops of arbitrary order. The match candidates from the local, pairwise matching step (Section 2.1) are represented in a sparse 3D binary matrix M1 of size K1 ×K1 × 16. (a) If M1 indicates that all the pairs (1-9, 9-5, 5-8 and 8-1) are match candidates, the four pieces form a small loop. We make a new matrix (2 × 2) with the small loop and save it as an element of the 2nd-order set Ω2. (b) If one or more pairs are not match candidates (in this case, 10-1), the four pieces do not form a small loop. (c) For the ith-order set Ωi, matrix Mi indicates the match candidates between elements of Ωi. Mi is size Ki × Ki × 16. If Mi indicates that all the pairs (ωi1 − ωi9, ωi9 − ωi5, ωi5 − ωi8 and ωi8 − ωi1) are match candidates the four groups of pieces form a ith-order small loop. We make a new matrix ((i + 1) × (i + 1)) by merging the four groups of pieces and save it as an element of the (i + 1)th-order set Ωi+1. (d) If one or more pairs are not match candidates (in this case, ωi10 − ωi1), the four groups of pieces do not form the ith-order small loop. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-average-precision-of-pair-matches-changes-as-a-3e393q7t.png Fig. 4: The average precision of pair matches changes as a function of small loop dimension (order of small loops) (a) for different distance metrics (with the MIT dataset), (b) at different local matching thresholds (with the MIT dataset), (c) at different noise levels (with the MIT dataset), and (d) with different datasets (with the MGC metric). The leftmost point, SL1, represents the performance of the local matching by itself with no loop constraints. The noise levels in (c) are high magnitude because the input images are 16 bit. The patch size is P = 28 for all the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-reconstructions-on-mixed-type-2-puzzles-and-very-large-2v76nskg.png Fig. 8: Reconstructions on mixed Type 2 puzzles and very large Type 2 puzzles (P = 28) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-performance-comparison-in-the-presence-of-noise-2u1w50c2.png Fig. 7: Performance comparison in the presence of noise. Experiments are conducted 5 times (P = 28,K = 432) and the performance values are averaged. Our method outperforms Gallagher [8], especially as noise increases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-performance-comparison-between-ours-and-tree-based-mgc-1u75uyg7.png Fig. 6: Performance comparison between ours and Tree-based MGC [8] on Type 2 with various cases. A table is presented in a supplemental material. https://scispace.com/papers/solving-the-assignment-problem-with-the-improved-dual-neural-1r1y0cvlw0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-convergence-time-of-the-network-6-for-different-xyjoo1e6.png Fig. 4. Convergence time of the network (6) for different problem sizes. The circles and bars denote the mean and the standard deviation, respectively. The continuous line is the linear fit of the means versus n. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-for-realizing-neuron-ui-7f7cogz9.png Fig. 1. Block diagram for realizing neuron ui https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-convergence-time-of-the-network-6-with-different-q-5oak5lh5.png Fig. 3. Convergence time of the network (6) with different q values for (a) n = 10 and (b) n = 50. Note that the coordinates are in logarithm scale. The circles denote the mean and the bars below and above them stand for one standard deviation each. The continuous line in each plot is the linear regression of the logarithm of the mean versus the logarithm of q. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-state-trajectories-of-the-network-6-2x3tesju.png Fig. 2. State trajectories of the network (6) https://scispace.com/papers/solving-the-dym-initial-value-problem-in-reproducing-kernel-2xiitgitw4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-approximate-solutions-of-u-for-20-order-rks-2bz0l0cm.png Figure 4: Approximate solutions of u for 20-order RKS solution corresponding to initial data u(x, 0) = f (x) = (1/2) sin πx. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-approximate-solutions-of-u-for-20-order-rks-26b7oik9.png Figure 3: Approximate solutions of u for 20-order RKS solution corresponding to initial data u(x, 0) = f (x) = x3/3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-approximate-solutions-of-u-for-20-order-rks-3cvtf76e.png Figure 2: Approximate solutions of u for 20-order RKS solution corresponding to initial data u(x, 0) = f (x) = e−2x. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-numerical-results-and-residual-error-values-for-f-x-1pf6ehdh.png Table 4: Numerical results and residual error values for f (x) = (1/2) sin πx. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-approximate-solutions-of-u-for-20-order-rks-1882xxpt.png Figure 1: Approximate solutions of u for 20-order RKS solution corresponding to initial data u(x, 0) = f (x) = e−x. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-numerical-results-and-residual-error-values-for-f-x-21o7nwfw.png Table 5: Numerical results and residual error values for f (x) = tanh x. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numerical-results-and-residual-error-values-for-f-x-2hl4xjy0.png Table 1: Numerical results and residual error values for f (x) = e−x. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-numerical-results-and-residual-error-values-for-f-x-1s4f1w30.png Table 2: Numerical results and residual error values for f (x) = e−2x. https://scispace.com/papers/solving-the-multi-objective-flexible-job-shop-scheduling-1xo3ffagx3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-recipe-characteristics-for-a-certain-factory-1yar355e.png Table 1. Example recipe characteristics for a certain factory https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-make-span-optimisation-results-of-original-moea-d-and-36yn2dhz.png Fig. 4. Make span optimisation results of original MOEA/D and MOEA/D-RS by scaling an example scenario https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sum-of-discrepancy-scores-optimisation-results-of-3g9kdkqa.png Fig. 5. Sum of discrepancy scores optimisation results of original MOEA/D and MOEA/D-RS by scaling an example scenario https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-genes-in-a-chromosome-for-manufacturing-processes-with-34bc50qe.png Fig. 1. Genes in a chromosome for manufacturing processes with alternative recipes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-influence-of-the-proposed-evolutionary-operators-for-318hb3f5.png Fig. 3. Influence of the proposed evolutionary operators for an example order https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-optimisation-results-nsga-ii-moea-d-and-moea-d-rs-for-brmok9oe.png Fig. 2. Optimisation results NSGA-II, MOEA/D and MOEA/D-RS for δ1 = 45t, δ2 = 40t, δ3 = 30t, δ4 = 20t https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-execution-times-of-original-moea-d-and-moea-d-rs-by-3pu0uqpd.png Fig. 6. Execution Times of original MOEA/D and MOEA/D-RS by scaling an example scenario https://scispace.com/papers/solving-vapor-liquid-flash-problems-using-artificial-neural-41w1pco1yc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-target-enthalpy-h-values-versus-predicted-enthalpy-3hzayon1.png Figure 4: Target enthalpy (H) values versus predicted enthalpy values for the PS-flash liquid region. Points that were correctly classified as being in the two-phase region are shown as blue circles, while incorrectly classified points are shown as red crosses. As can be seen, the neural network accurately predict the target value (R2 = 0.9998), and incorrect phase classification contribute little to the algorithms predictive error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-target-pressure-p-values-versus-predicted-pressure-2p8fywju.png Figure 5: Target pressure (P ) values versus predicted pressure values for the SV -flash two-phase region. Points that were correctly classified as being in the two-phase region are shown as blue circles, while incorrectly classified points are shown as red crosses. The incorrect classifications make up only around 9% of the total number of predictions made, however, they contribute to around 96% of the total value of the mean absolute error. In addition, when only looking at the correctly classified points, the correlation is very good (R2 = 0.9993), but when taking into account all points, including incorrect classifications, overall accuracy is much worse (R2 = -2.51). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-a-multi-layer-3j0wc4wh.png Figure 1: Schematic representation of a Multi-Layer Perceptron type artificial neural network [35] with three neurons in the input layer, two neurons in the output layer, and one hidden layer with four hidden neurons. Every neuron in one layer is connected to all neurons in the next layer. Information is propagated only in the forwards direction, from the input layer, through the hidden layer, to the output layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-target-temperature-t-values-versus-predicted-1ficsv9p.png Figure 6: Target temperature (T ) values versus predicted temperature values for the SV - flash vapor region. Points that were correctly classified as being in the two-phase region are shown as blue circles, while incorrectly classified points are shown as red crosses. As can be seen, the neural network accurately predict the target value (R2 = 0.9995), and incorrect phase classification contribute little to the algorithms predictive error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graphical-representation-of-a-part-of-the-phase-10i2chiq.png Figure 2: Graphical representation of a part of the phase region data which was generated in order to train and validate the PT phase classification neural network. The liquid region is shown in blue, the vapor region in red, and the two-phase region in light-green. Data is shown for a 50-50 mol% water-methanol mixture. The actual neural network is trained on 101 such data sets. The data was generated using the PT -flash algorithm from the Thermodynamics for Engineering Application property calculator [20, 63]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-accuracy-scores-of-the-pt-ps-and-sv-flash-for-e52753cx.png Table 2: Accuracy scores of the PT -, PS-, and SV -flash for pressure (P ), volume (V ), temperature (T ), entropy (S), enthalpy (H), and Gibbs free energy (G). Results are shown for the liquid, vapor, and two-phase regions. For the two-phase region, scores for the vapor fraction of water (βw), and liquid composition of water (xw) are also shown. The accuracy scores shown are the mean absolute error (MAE) and the coefficient of deviation (R2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-average-execution-times-versus-the-number-of-2c7f8bcj.png Figure 7: Average execution times versus the number of flashes to execute. A comparison is made between the conventional algorithm from the TEA property calculator [20, 63] (blue circles), the classification neural network only (orange triangles), and a property prediction which was preceded by the phase classification network (green squares). All time measurements were performed on a MSI GP62 Leopard laptop with a 64-bit Intel R©CoreTM i7-7700HQ 2.80GHz processor running the Windows 10 OS, and 8.00 GB of installed ram. All algorithms were executed using the same amount of CPU space. Training times were not included. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-target-gibbs-free-energy-g-values-versus-predicted-2gqqvusl.png Figure 3: Target Gibbs free energy (G) values versus predicted Gibbs free energy values for the PT -flash liquid region. Points that were correctly classified as being in the two-phase region are shown as blue circles, while incorrectly classified points are shown as red crosses. As can be seen, the neural network accurately predict the target value (R2 = 0.9997), and incorrect phase classification contribute little to the algorithms predictive error. https://scispace.com/papers/solving-wentzell-dirichlet-boundary-value-problem-with-5f9vv410fy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bvp-p2-95-confidence-intervals-when-empirical-error-3ibrs78y.png Table 4 BVP P2: 95% confidence intervals when empirical error is maximum https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bvp-p2-empirical-errors-in-the-unit-square-when-av-fr6oixb6.png Fig. 4 BVP P2: Empirical errors in the unit square when aV = 5,10,15,20 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-empirical-error-when-av-is-different-on-each-part-of-m0963asz.png Fig. 5 Empirical error when aV is different on each part of ΓV https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-maximum-empirical-errors-for-different-av-2p276sut.png Table 1 Maximum empirical errors for different aV https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-empirical-errors-in-rectangular-domain-for-av-5101520-32k0uczm.png Fig. 2 Empirical errors in rectangular domain for aV = 5,10,15,20 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-exact-and-estimated-solutions-empirical-error-on-1vv8tn4b.png Fig. 6 Exact and estimated solutions— Empirical error on quadrant of a ring https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-numerical-solution-u-a-2-b-2-and-empirical-error-t01g39fo.png Fig. 1 Numerical solution u(a/2,b/2) and empirical error versus aV https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bvp-p1-maximum-empirical-error-and-error-mean-for-1eqqd1mb.png Table 2 BVP P1: Maximum empirical error and error mean for different aV https://scispace.com/papers/solving-the-oil-spill-problem-using-a-combination-of-cbr-and-4ncfnp1wtn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-of-good-predictions-obtained-with-27qt0eu1.png Table 1. Percentage of good predictions obtained with different techniques. https://scispace.com/papers/somatostatin-positive-interneurons-contribute-to-seizures-in-1psbe4oj8v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-membrane-and-action-potential-properties-of-wt-37loumd9.png Table 1: Membrane and action potential properties of WT, Scn8aD/+, and Scn8a-SSTW/+ somatostatin inhibitory interneurons. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-voltage-gated-sodium-channel-parameters-from-somatic-3tcejgiu.png Table 2: Voltage-gated sodium channel parameters from somatic outside-out recordings WT, Scn8aD/+, and Scn8a-SSTW/+ somatostatin inhibitory interneurons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-elevated-steady-state-persistent-sodium-currents-in-1h0u78ex.png Figure 5. Elevated steady-state persistent sodium currents in Scn8aD/+ and Scn8a-SSTW/+ somatostatin interneurons. A. Whole-cell recordings were collected from SST interneurons (blue) to measure whole-cell https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-somatostatin-interneuron-specific-expression-of-hq8bdvty.png Figure 1. Somatostatin interneuron-specific expression of mutant Scn8a is sufficient for susceptibility to audiogenic seizures. A. Audiogenic seizure behavior in mice with cell-type specific expression of R1872W Scn8a mutation. Upon high-intensity acoustic stimulation, Scn8a-EIIaW/+ mice exhibit wild-running (purple) https://scispace.com/papers/some-analogies-between-thermodynamics-and-shannon-theory-3peglqw4c3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-piston-is-inserted-from-the-right-while-the-1mdp0q92.png Fig. 1. The piston is inserted from the right while the particle is in the left half of the container. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-container-is-divided-inn-8-compartments-with-a-db6onwr4.png Fig. 2. The container is divided inN = 8 compartments, with a unique 3-bit binary word assigned to each of the compartments. In this particular example the gas particle is compressed and confined to the compartment corresponding to the binary word ’101’. https://scispace.com/papers/some-applications-of-ultrashort-laser-pulses-in-biology-and-2n6b1fe0su 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-image-of-a-sacrificed-wistar-furth-rat-recorded-on-24wm8xb3.png Figure 7. Image of a sacrificed Wistar-Furth rat, recorded on a normal radiographic imaging plate using a tantalum laser-produced x-ray source filtered by a thin copper sheet to cut off most of the radiation with energy below 25 keV (from [25]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-survival-curves-for-v79-ch-cells-subject-to-laser-wo4zspp6.png Figure 10. Survival curves for V79-CH cells subject to laser-produced x-rays and conventional ionizing radiation from a 25 kV and a 250 kV conventional x-ray tube. The diagram shows that the radiation from the different sources has a similar influence on a live biological specimen (from [41]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-tomographic-reconstruction-of-a-small-wire-target-1314wsyr.png Figure 9. Tomographic reconstruction of a small wire target arrangement surrounded by 4.5 cm of water. Scattering reduction through time gating has been achieved (from [39]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-geometries-for-time-resolved-measurements-on-3rzlxrle.png Figure 1. Top: geometries for time-resolved measurements on scattering media. (a) transillumination and (b) backscattering. Bottom: gated viewing through tissue. An enhanced spatial resolution is obtained by selecting the ballistic light only (from [16]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-set-up-for-time-resolved-photon-propagation-studies-17bn2l6l.png Figure 3. Set-up for time-resolved photon propagation studies using white light (from [23]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-transillumination-images-through-breast-tissue-in-iohm6hm3.png Figure 2. Transillumination images through breast tissue in vitro. The presence of a tumour is evident when the first part of the temporal dispersion curve is used. When integration over the whole time dispersion curve is performed no tumour is discernable. On the left in the figure an individual dispersion curve is shown together with the experimental apparatus function (from [17]). https://scispace.com/papers/some-armature-reaction-compensation-methods-numerical-design-1n3u2nad2i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-slit-in-the-pole-37hakgsv.png Fig. 17. Slit in the pole https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-compensation-impact-for-different-load-angles-12pepi7l.png Fig. 13. Compensation impact for different load angles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-armature-magnetic-reaction-3km1yypk.png Fig. 2. Armature magnetic reaction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-comparison-of-flux-density-for-tangential-constant-3pwnj4gg.png Fig. 16. Comparison of flux density for tangential/constant air gap https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-tangential-air-gap-8rb8t431.png Fig. 14. Tangential air gap https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-comparison-of-flux-density-with-without-slits-1yuktaxu.png Fig. 18. Comparison of flux density with/without slits https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-comparison-of-torque-3000rpm-for-progressive-constant-1ace43mq.png Fig. 15. Comparison of torque @3000rpm for progressive/constant air gap https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-principle-characteristics-2l1e6mvs.png TABLE I PRINCIPLE CHARACTERISTICS https://scispace.com/papers/some-aspects-of-the-compression-and-collapse-behaviour-of-an-23gnflaau7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-collapse-behaviour-in-shallow-layers-of-loess-30xs8sfd.png Figure 1. Collapse behaviour in shallow layers of loess directly exposed to climatic actions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-collapse-and-compression-tests-performed-2wqfnro9.png Figure 4. Collapse and compression tests performed https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-geotechnical-characteristics-of-the-bapaume-loess-1clxkjka.png Table 1. Geotechnical characteristics of the Bapaume loess https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-potential-of-collapse-due-to-wetting-1m44zkek.png Figure 5. Potential of collapse due to wetting https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-program-sl-step-loading-test-crs-3slnnqgp.png Table 2. Experimental program (SL: Step Loading test, CRS : Constant Rate of Strain test) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hct-measurement-inside-an-oedometer-cell-d-age-et-an18rv3q.png Figure 2. HCT measurement inside an oedometer cell (D age et al. 2007) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-effect-of-strain-rate-in-the-response-at-fj0kbg0s.png Figure 3. The effect of strain rate in the response at constant water content. https://scispace.com/papers/some-chp-options-for-wood-fired-fuel-cells-33lmn2s186 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-typical-composition-by-volume-of-wood-producer-gas-1zwxcdln.png Table 1. Typical Composition (by volume) of wood producer gas https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-specific-investment-for-the-proposed-systems-for-w9z4c2ub.png Figure 11. Specific Investment for the proposed systems for the multi-residential community https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-specific-investment-for-the-proposed-systems-for-1qeo0epo.png Figure 12. Specific Investment for the proposed systems for the university halls of residence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-specific-investment-for-the-proposed-systems-for-j2bn2kbo.png Figure 8. Specific Investment for the proposed systems for the hospital https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sis-for-the-proposed-systems-for-the-hotel-zo44ui2i.png Figure 9. SIs for the proposed systems for the hotel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-sensitivity-of-coe-to-economic-factors-for-the-i6snngws.png Figure 17. Sensitivity of COE to economic factors for the Halls of Residence. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-technical-and-environmental-results-for-mcfcs-in-2vb3byzq.png Table 4. - Technical and Environmental Results for MCFCs in Selected Buildings https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-capital-costs-and-sis-for-hospital-where-fc-lifetime-3to09pjb.png Table 5. Capital Costs and SIs for hospital, where FC lifetime is 5 years. https://scispace.com/papers/some-consideration-on-the-in-effectiveness-of-residential-8hma2nkd04 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-powercost-monitor-left-the-kill-a-watt-right-dsfd8yai.png Figure 1. The PowerCost Monitor (left); the Kill A Watt (right). https://scispace.com/papers/some-constraints-and-symmetries-in-dynamics-of-homogeneously-3uw8152pqs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-degrees-of-freedom-of-an-affine-body-2p1kfmge.png Figure 1. Degrees of freedom of an affine body. https://scispace.com/papers/some-exact-results-for-the-many-body-problem-in-one-2mitwu2clm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-coloured-gallery-g-c0-c5-corresponding-to-the-14o4mkle.png Figure 1: The coloured gallery Γ = (C0, . . . , C5) corresponding to the expression Ts1Ts2Ts1T−1s2 T −1 s1 in the affine Coxeter complex of type Ã2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-coxeter-complex-of-the-affine-coxeter-group-w-s-2ku9a8wo.png Figure 2: The Coxeter complex of the affine Coxeter group (W,S) of type Ã2 and its Cayley graph Γ. The orientation o of (W,S) towards the chamber C (definition 1.5.7) determines an orientation of the Cayley graph, giving rise to the directed Cayley graph Γo. The condition (OR2) ensures that restricted to any ‘cycle’ γ ⊆ o, the orientation coincides with the orientation towards a chamber x ∈ γ. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-invariants-of-h1-w0-q-for-the-classical-root-ekgipmyv.png Table 2: The invariants of H1(W0, Q∨) for the classical root systems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-f2-dimensions-of-h1-w0-q-for-the-classical-root-2u3sjwn2.png Table 3: The F2-dimensions of H1(W0, Q∨) for the classical root systems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-canonical-hyperplane-arrangement-realizing-the-1yixpx8d.png Figure 5: The canonical hyperplane arrangement realizing the Coxeter group W = PGL2(Z) as a hyperbolic reflection group, viewed in the disk model (isometric to the upper half-plane H via the Cayley transform q = z−iz+i ) of the hyperbolic plane. The two orientations of W attached to the ‘point at infinity’ z = ∞ (q = 1 ∈ ∆) are the limits limn→−∞ oCn , limn→+∞ oCn attached to the two semi-infinite galleries contained in the ‘horocycle’ (Cn)n∈Z and starting in the fundamental polytope C0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-f2-dimensions-of-h1-w0-p-for-the-classical-root-1ausn71y.png Table 6: The F2-dimensions of H1(W0, P∨) for the classical root systems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-f2-dimensions-of-h2-w0-p-for-the-classical-root-2qzldont.png Table 7: The F2-dimensions of H2(W0, P∨) for the classical root systems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-f2-dimensions-of-h3-w0-p-for-the-classical-root-263bna2y.png Table 8: The F2-dimensions of H3(W0, P∨) for the classical root systems. https://scispace.com/papers/some-effects-of-laser-irradiation-on-aluminum-17fjvek25e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-cross-section-crater-and-spall-3qw0v82l.png Fig. 11. Cross section - Crater and spall. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-sem-front-surface-fig-19-same-enlarged-30njmhr0.png Fig. 18. SEM - Front surface. Fig. 19. Same - Enlarged https://scispace.com/figures/fig-34-cross-section-through-bottom-of-crater-showing-37z66hif.png Fig. 34. Cross section through bottom of crater - Showing columnar grains. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-mass-removal-per-1zddcmxb.png TABLE II MASS REMOVAL PER https://scispace.com/figures/fig-37-cross-section-about-30-pm-from-center-showing-crater-3860qf17.png Fig. 37. Cross section about 30 pm from center showing crater, spall, portion of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-38-same-as-fig-37-but-closer-to-center-of-crater-and-giz49n0k.png Fig. 38. Same as Fig. 37 but closer to center of crater and tunnel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-cross-section-crater-15erdyqp.png Fig. 14. Cross section - Crater. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-sem-front-surface-fig-13-same-enlarged-300x-3e00qybt.png Fig. 12. SEM - Front surface. Fig. 13. Same - Enlarged. 300X https://scispace.com/papers/some-extended-psychological-benefits-of-challenging-social-3v34wacjcr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-attributions-of-human-nature-hn-and-human-uniqueness-7hmkp8tw.png Table 2: Attributions of Human Nature (HN) and Human Uniqueness (HU) as a function of combination type (Experiment 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlations-between-attributions-of-human-nature-hn-xx1mrd7c.png Table 1: Correlations between Attributions of Human Nature (HN) and Human Uniqueness (HU) to thr four outgroups (Experiment 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-attributions-of-primary-and-secondary-emotions-as-a-2ak3x1qy.png Table 3: Attributions of Primary and Secondary Emotions as a function of combination type (Experiment 2). https://scispace.com/papers/some-features-of-a-finite-source-m-gi-1-retrial-queuing-1jqln0ef7p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-system-throughput-s-at-various-values-of-l-and-a-b-7vgfxeas.png Table 1. System throughput S at various values of λ and α = β https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-total-mean-sojourn-time-v-of-the-customer-under-29jo79n9.png Table 2. Total mean sojourn time V of the customer under service at various values of λ and α = β https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-number-of-retrials-for-various-values-of-l-and-2q9m27sf.png Table 3. Mean number of retrials for various values of λ and α = β https://scispace.com/papers/some-findings-on-genes-over-sars-cov2-genomes-ajfeq0euaf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gene-organizations-over-a-typical-sars-cov2-genome-36nigbrr.png Figure 1: Gene-organizations over a typical SARS-CoV2 genome. [19] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-presence-and-absence-of-orf7b-over-475-sars-cov2-bx6ks2aq.png Table 2: Presence and absence of ORF7b over 475 SARS-CoV2 genomes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-the-475-sars-cov2-genome-accessions-data-o90eylt9.png Table 1: List of the 475 SARS-CoV2 genome accessions (Data collected on 1st May, 2020 ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-list-of-the-genome-accessions-with-their-respective-3i31rk51.png Table 3: List of the genome accessions with their respective geographic location, which do not contain the gene ORF7b https://scispace.com/papers/some-fundamental-issues-and-verification-of-3dec-in-modeling-2addqasodo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-zone-layers-between-parallel-joints-2vluqy7d.png Fig. 14 Zone layers between parallel joints https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-cross-section-of-test-site-and-configuration-of-3dec-2u7mmq18.png Fig. 11 Cross section of test site and configuration of 3DEC model of zone adopted in this case study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-tzp-versus-n-for-obliquely-incident-p-wave-jv0gmwlm.png Fig. 10 |Tzp| versus n for obliquely incident P wave propagation across a joint set https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-tzp-versus-wave-incident-angle-for-obliquely-incident-gi0thpy1.png Fig. 9 |Tzp| versus wave incident angle for obliquely incident P wave propagation across a single joint https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2d-equivalence-of-3d-plane-wave-propagation-across-a-17j53wpa.png Fig. 1 2D equivalence of 3D plane wave propagation across a single joint https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-recorded-time-pressure-history-at-explosion-chamber-3bvnieur.png Fig. 12 Recorded time–pressure history at explosion chamber roof in test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-comparison-of-peak-particle-velocities-according-to-42tfwmmb.png Fig. 13 Comparison of peak particle velocities according to 3DEC modeling, test, and empirical formula (Johnson and Rozen 1988; Zhou and Jenssen 2009) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-spatial-and-mechanical-properties-of-rock-joints-in-1gq53m3v.png Table 3 Spatial and mechanical properties of rock joints in the Klotz tunnel https://scispace.com/papers/some-implications-on-amorphic-association-schemes-278osae5gh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-amorphic-association-schemes-on-at-most-49-vertices-rrrdf8pi.png Table 1 Amorphic association schemes on at most 49 vertices. https://scispace.com/papers/some-like-it-wet-biological-characteristics-underpinning-3ftwor7nso 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-to-show-the-relative-size-and-densities-3oke18bo.png Figure 4: Schematic to show the relative size and densities of gametophyte shoots in desiccated turf of Grimmia antarctici, Bryum pseudotriquetrum and Ceratodon purpureus within a turf. Note gametophytes have been scaled by 66% in order to avoid overlap, real densities are thus higher than shown for all species. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-fatty-acid-and-soluble-carbohydrate-24vwd5u9.png Figure 5: Mean fatty acid and soluble carbohydrate composition (mg g-1 dw) for Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Grimmia antarctici and Ceratodon purpureus. Stacked categories (A) indicate proportion of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids (total concentration SEM is 1.4, 2.9 and 1.2 for the three species respectively, n = 3). Stacked categories (B) indicate proportion of soluble carbohydrates that occur at concentrations > 2 mg g-1 dw (total concentration SEM is 2.1, 2.3 and 2.3 for the three species respectively, n = 8). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-species-response-to-desiccation-and-g0s1z3qi.png Table 3: Summary of species response to desiccation and submergence Summary of desiccation and submergence response characteristics for the three study species (B. pseudotriquetrum, C. purpureus and G. antarctici). Quantifying statements indicate the relative response of the species in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-desiccation-and-recovery-responses-across-a-summer-1v6woawi.png Figure 1: Desiccation and recovery responses across a summer season (December, January and February) for Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Grimmia antarctici and Ceratodon purpureus. The relationship between the turf water content at which Fv/Fm began to decline during desiccation (critical water content; CWC; g H2O g-1 dw) and the time taken for the fluorescence signal to recover (after rehydration (critical recovery time: CRT; min) is shown for early (filled circles), mid (open circles) and late (filled triangles) season experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-2-way-anova-results-14dx8beu.png Table 1: Summary of 2-way ANOVA results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effective-quantum-yield-for-bryum-pseudotriquetrum-1lo4wvta.png Figure 2: Effective quantum yield for Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Grimmia antarctici and Ceratodon purpureus subject to 42 days submergence in the field (A, Mean±sem, n = 6. Photon Flux Density (PFD) at the time of ΦPSII measurements (B, mean±sem, n = 18). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-1-way-anova-results-5dh24g1p.png Table 2: Summary of 1-way ANOVA results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-changes-in-d13c-signature-with-depth-for-4-cm-long-1n5ax7zv.png Figure 3: Changes in δ13C signature with depth for 4 cm long gametophytes of Grimmia antarctici collected from Bailey Peninsula (Data are mean±sem, n = 5). https://scispace.com/papers/some-insights-from-translating-conversational-telephone-12mzzem3wc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-wer-improvements-going-from-sat-to-sgmm-to-bmmi-30xkpqfs.png Table 1. WER improvements going from SAT to SGMM to bMMI models. This also improves BLEU and TER, as seen by comparing the corresponding rows of Tables 3, 4 and 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-10-most-frequent-substitution-errors-on-dev-3v8rtaa8.png Table 2. The 10 most frequent substitution errors on dev suggest that an SMT system could learn to translate incorrect Spanish words to the correct English word. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-smt-performance-on-dev2-as-a-function-of-different-2rwiplrv.png Table 4. SMT performance on dev2 as a function of different SMT training and tuning choices, when translating the ASR output of the SGMM system with 37.0% WER. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-smt-performance-on-dev2-as-a-function-of-different-6zl5l715.png Table 3. SMT performance on dev2 as a function of different SMT training and tuning choices, when translating the ASR output of the SAT system with 39.8% WER. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-smt-performance-on-dev2-as-a-function-of-different-1hz5avpu.png Table 5. SMT performance on dev2 as a function of different SMT training and tuning choices, when translating the ASR output of the bMMI system with 34.5% WER. https://scispace.com/papers/some-like-it-varied-individual-differences-in-preference-for-4z4vuk1kwx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-spearman-correlation-coefficients-for-relationships-16suivx3.png Table 2. Spearman correlation coefficients for relationships between heifers’ behaviour 626 in neophobia tests as calves and their behaviour when offered choices between varied 627 or stable feed as weaned heifers. n=8 for contact durations, n=9 for all other values. 628 629 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-consistency-in-proportion-of-eating-time-individual-19z3qs87.png Figure 4 Consistency in proportion of eating time individual heifers spent at the varied 653 bin when the feed was varied forage vs. TMR of varied flavours. n=9. 654 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-predicted-direction-of-correlations-between-measures-6hyi77w0.png Table 1. Predicted direction of correlations between measures of response to novelty as 621 calves and behaviour when offered choice of varied (forage type or flavours) or stable 622 feed as weaned heifers. 623 https://scispace.com/papers/some-middle-eastern-breads-their-characteristics-and-their-5bpc56y4tc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-some-examples-of-middle-eastern-breads-kz50riq4.png Table 1. Some examples of Middle Eastern breads. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-preparation-of-barbari-16corkey.png Figure 4. Preparation of Barbari. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interior-of-a-barbari-oven-which-is-covered-with-3ql8s2fc.png Figure 3. Interior of a Barbari oven, which is covered with Russian bricks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-an-oven-used-to-bake-barbari-3i7pkj85.png Figure 2. Example of an oven used to bake Barbari. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-preparation-of-lavash-2cbytd68.png Figure 5. Preparation of Lavash. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geography-of-the-middle-eastern-region-from-http-2om2otdt.png Figure 1. Geography of the Middle Eastern region (from http://mapoftheunitedstates.org, 2009). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-preparation-of-taftoon-glclp14e.png Figure 7. Preparation of Taftoon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-preparation-of-sangak-17w9eo4o.png Figure 6. Preparation of Sangak. https://scispace.com/papers/some-mobile-overconstrained-parallel-mechanisms-4hgzlkco47 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-rps-leg-fig-2-a-upu-leg-t6m530ov.png Fig. 1 An RPS Leg. Fig. 2 A UPU Leg. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-mobile-6rps-parallel-mechanism-constructed-by-1chkzshu.png Fig. 3 A mobile 6RPS parallel mechanism constructed by translating a 3RPS linkage and joining the coupler bars. The dots represent the elliptical path of the centre of one of the spherical joints. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-mobile-6upu-parallel-mechanism-constructed-by-9ju4qqte.png Fig. 4 A mobile 6UPU parallel mechanism constructed by reflecting a 3UPU linkage in the line shown. For clarity, the base and platform are not shown, the base is joined to the lower R joint of each leg and the platform to the uppermost R joints. https://scispace.com/papers/some-new-results-on-industrial-sector-mode-locking-and-1b3osfyucq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-changes-in-the-comovement-with-the-aggregate-2-3r6vdogh.png Figure 5: Changes in the Comovement with the Aggregate, 2-Digit Level, 3-5 Years Range, BKM Filter https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mc-simulated-vs-actual-aggregate-cycle-36g3fn52.png Figure 2: MC-simulated vs. actual aggregate cycle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-changes-in-the-comovement-with-the-aggregate-2-2uxtqmdf.png Figure 4: Changes in the Comovement with the Aggregate, 2-Digit Level, 5-7 Years Range, BKM Filter https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-changes-in-the-similarity-of-the-spectral-shape-3-7-1cixbie0.png Figure 3: Changes in the Similarity of the Spectral Shape, 3-7 Years Range https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-standard-deviations-of-mc-simulated-aggregate-cycles-37a37guo.png Table 3: Standard deviations of MC-simulated aggregate cycles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-6-the-spectrum-implied-by-the-var-2-model-mi-solid-678xfhoz.png Figure 1.6 The spectrum implied by the VAR(2)-model MI (solid line) is peaking nearly at the same frequency as the spectrum of the empirical series (dashed line). But there is a difference concerning the shape: the VAR(2)-model’s aggregate spectrum is relatively flat, suggesting that the aggregate series is modeled too smooth (Table 3). In addition, it is too noise- rather than signal-driven in contrast to its empirical analogue. The second window of Figure 1 displays the spectrum for the MC-simulated aggregate series (solid line) for which the adjusted AR(2)-coefficients were the nearest neighbors of the median coefficient vector of AR(2)-models adjusted to the 1000 simulated aggregate series of MIII. The spectrum is shifted towards higher frequencies compared with the empirical aggregate cycle. The above tests of nested models suggest that the cycle in aggregate investment plays a role in determining industrial investment cycles. Nevertheless, employing the aggregate variable in the framework of VAR simulations as a common shock variable (besides idiosyncratic and weakly correlated sectoral shocks) does not lead to an improvement of explanatory power. In summary, these results suggest https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-simulations-of-the-sectoral-mode-locking-model-of-ww02m4xj.png Figure 7: Simulations of the sectoral mode-locking model of investment χi = χ = 0 χi = χ = 0.67 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spectrum-of-modeled-vs-actual-aggregate-cycle-14g9x1u8.png Figure 1: Spectrum of modeled vs. actual aggregate cycle https://scispace.com/papers/some-no-hole-spacetime-properties-are-unstable-4390tg3ljh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-isometry-th-unwinds-the-geodesic-g-13sc2l2a.png Figure 1: The isometry θ “unwinds” the geodesic γ. https://scispace.com/papers/some-non-nested-hypothesis-tests-and-the-relations-among-8yssswxl0i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tests-of-h1-against-two-alternative-models-c1410o78.png TABLE 1 Tests of H1 Against Two Alternative Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tests-of-false-models-2pqq750z.png TABLE 2 Tests of False Models https://scispace.com/papers/some-patients-with-intracranial-aneurysms-have-a-reduced-25c24xz0wl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-type-iii-type-i-collagen-ratios-col-iii-in-41-3p3rm2rt.png Figure I. Type III ¡type I collagen ratios (coL III %) in 41 control subjects (c) and 41 consecutive patients with intra cranial aneurysms (p aneurysm.). https://scispace.com/papers/some-observations-on-rabies-in-alaska-with-special-reference-40hcn0xu5w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-records-of-rabid-animals-in-alaska-1955-1v0iv91a.png FIG. 5. Records of rabid animals in Alaska, 1955. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-major-biotic-regions-of-alaska-the-treeless-regions-of-1n8ykxlg.png FIG. 1. Major biotic regions of Alaska. The treeless regions of northern and western Alaska are tundra; much of the Alaska Peninsula is grown to Alnus and other nonarborescent species. Treeless coastal areas east of the Kenai Peninsula represent glaciers. (Map compiled from various sources.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-records-of-rabid-animals-in-alaska-1957-3jg64d9e.png FIG. 7. Records of rabid animals in Alaska, 1957. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-index-of-changes-in-population-density-of-arctic-foxes-34ocu4y6.png FIG. 8. Index of changes in population density of arctic foxes on St. Lawrence Island, as shown by annual trapping results of Eskimos from the village of Savoonga. Records of animals regarded as being rabid are indicated to the nearest month. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-records-of-rabid-animals-in-alaska-1949-53-hollow-32q1o032.png FIG. 3. Records of rabid animals in Alaska, 1949- 53. Hollow symbols represent animals considered to be rabid; the diagnosis was not confirmed in these by inoculations of laboratory animals. https://scispace.com/papers/some-preliminary-evidence-on-the-globalization-inflation-43i7yn4vmn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3p9bkew5.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2wj84pyi.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2d7grbk7.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-2t04tno0.png Table 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-78zp8nra.png Table 10 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1st1p21x.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3w4q5ned.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1ejzsbxu.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/papers/some-recent-results-on-cross-linguistic-corpus-based-wdjd5nge6y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percent-accuracy-of-the-unsupervised-and-supervised-28uckeg1.png Table 2 Percent accuracy of the unsupervised and supervised version of the aspect-based classifier, in comparison with other approaches https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-attested-word-orders-of-universal-20-and-their-o64hmwvh.png Table 1 Attested word orders of Universal 20 and their estimated frequencies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-right-external-dependent-prenominal-adjective-19m9hdva.png Fig. 1 Right external dependent, prenominal adjective https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-random-average-optimal-and-actual-dependency-39e7ha8x.png Fig. 3 Average random, average optimal and actual dependency lengths of sentences by sentence length for texts in classical Latin (left panel) and in late Latin (right panel) https://scispace.com/papers/some-results-on-the-strength-of-relaxations-of-multilinear-1jw8fjen1h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-maximum-gap-ratio-for-random-graphs-of-size-7-nrjxdxf7.png Table 1 Maximum gap ratio for random graphs of size 7, summarized by coloring number. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-maximum-gap-ratio-for-random-graphs-of-size-7-3iksw8gx.png Table 2 Maximum gap ratio for random graphs of size 7, summarized by density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scatter-plots-comparing-the-term-by-term-left-and-2ypa7g98.png Fig. 3 Scatter plots comparing the term-by-term (left) and recursive McCormick (right) relaxation gaps to the convex hull relaxation gap for the function φ defined over [−1, 2]5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scatter-plots-of-mccormick-gap-vs-convex-hull-gap-for-3fe649ej.png Fig. 1 Scatter plots of McCormick gap vs. convex hull gap for random points in [0, 1]7 for a bilinear function having positive coefficients (left) and mixed-sign coefficients (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scatter-plots-comparing-the-term-by-term-left-and-3uonnbvn.png Fig. 2 Scatter plots comparing the term-by-term (left) and recursive McCormick (right) relaxation gaps to the convex hull relaxation gap for the function φ defined over [1, 2]5. https://scispace.com/papers/some-specific-features-and-consequences-of-the-thermal-33zki7zv3k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-test-1-adiabatic-conditions-triangular-signal-lmin-1-37l4ng8y.png Fig. 1 Test #1 (adiabatic conditions, triangular signal, λmin = 1, λmax = 3, Rǫ = 0, f = 0.5 Hz). Top: stretch ratio λ vs. time. Middle: heat source s vs. time. Bottom: temperature variation θ vs. time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-test-2-adiabatic-conditions-sinusoidal-signal-lmin-1-wxtwc058.png Fig. 2 Test #2 (adiabatic conditions, sinusoidal signal, λmin = 1, λmax = 3, Rǫ = 0, f = 0.5 Hz). Top: stretch ratio λ vs. time. Middle: heat source s vs. time. Bottom: temperature variation θ vs. time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-test-6-non-adiabatic-conditions-sinusoidal-signal-lmin-hvxtujc7.png Fig. 8 Test #6 (non-adiabatic conditions, sinusoidal signal, λmin = 2, λmax = 4, Rǫ = 1/2, f = 0.5 Hz). Top: stretch ratio λ vs. time. Middle: heat source s vs. time. Bottom: temperature variation θ vs. time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-test-5-stabilized-value-of-th-versus-loading-frequency-33290zed.png Fig. 7 Test #5: stabilized value of θ̂ versus loading frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-uniaxial-tensile-ut-tests-under-adiabatic-conditions-q8horyj5.png Table 1 Uniaxial tensile (UT) tests under adiabatic conditions (τ = ∞) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-results-obtained-under-uniaxial-tension-ut-pure-shear-35n9wwwy.png Fig. 10 Results obtained under uniaxial tension (UT), pure shear (PS) and equib- iaxial tension (EQT) for the last two cycles for non-adiabatic conditions. The other parameters are those used for test #4. Top: stretch ratio λ vs. time. Bottom: temperature variation θ vs. time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-last-two-cycles-of-test-6-am6wywi7.png Fig. 9 Last two cycles of test #6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-test-4-non-adiabatic-conditions-sinusoidal-signal-lmin-3e8hny3u.png Fig. 5 Test #4 (non-adiabatic conditions, sinusoidal signal, λmin = 1, λmax = 3, Rǫ = 0, f = 0.5 Hz). Temperature variation θ vs. time. https://scispace.com/papers/some-thoughts-on-stability-in-nonlinear-periodic-focusing-40oz9jijjq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3kggdfc9.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-3b2ui01y.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1ltcxpgp.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-azgg4io2.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/papers/some-thoughts-on-agent-trust-and-delegation-3vbh7ow0js 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-agent-trust-and-delegation-via-certificates-opm1dhqu.png Figure 2: Agent trust and delegation via certificates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-agent-trust-and-delegation-network-2z6x34rr.png Figure 3: Agent trust and delegation network https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-agent-oriented-pki-bkk4mqdh.png Figure 1: The agent-oriented PKI https://scispace.com/papers/some-studies-on-the-metabolism-of-phospholipids-in-plasma-4a3tyt0dun 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-double-reciprocal-plot-of-the-formation-of-1nbzxjhx.png Fig. 4. Double-reciprocal plot of the formation of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) as a function of CDP-diglyceride (CDP-DG) concentration. The incubation mixture contained 0.038 mM snglycerol-s-phosphate and varying concentrations of CDP-diglyceride (CDP-DG) but was otherwise the same as given for Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/papers/some-video-games-can-increase-the-player-s-creativity-1sqdxu9tbr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-measures-of-creativity-before-and-after-playing-tw9ml12x.png Table 1. The measures of creativity before and after playing a game https://scispace.com/papers/somebody-sometime-somewhere-something-ubiquitous-computing-5fy609kgev 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-lbs-framework-36n3sa65.png Figure 1. An LBS framework. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-possible-organization-of-user-profiles-in-lbs-m52id9my.png Figure 4. A possible organization of user profiles in LBS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-another-example-profile-b-for-stefano-3hw5h3xe.png Figure 3. Another example profile (b) for Stefano https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-profile-a-for-stefano-1treu3ll.png Figure 2. An example profile (a) for Stefano https://scispace.com/papers/someone-is-pulling-the-strings-hypersensitive-agency-3zyorh54pj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-means-standard-deviations-and-correlations-between-itamvw0u.png Table 4. Means, (standard deviations) and correlations between all variables measured in Study 2. https://scispace.com/papers/sonar-based-fastslam-in-an-underwater-environment-using-4pde5des0n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sonar-recording-taken-at-the-media-docks-lubeck-in-2uem8jj0.png Fig. 2. Sonar recording taken at the Media docks, Lübeck, in polar coordinates. Each column is a sonar echo response, with the nearest responses at the top. The horizontal axis indicates the progress of time, as the sonar head rotates around its axis. About 2.5 full rotations of the sonar are visible in this image. Therefore the same wall is seen multiple times. (a) At the beginning the raw sonar data contains range-depending background noise. (b) After filtering out this noise the signal-to-noise ratio remains. (c) Using a fixed threshold wall candidates are identified. Neighboring points are drawn by a connected line (d) The classifier removes as many false-positives as possible. (e) Additional heuristics remove more points. (f) The final observation, a group of points. The horizontal lines depicted in (e) marks the observations into which points are grouped together. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-test-results-2000-particles-were-used-a-the-estimated-1psxd6dr.png Fig. 5. Test results, 2000 particles were used. (a) The estimated path is painted black, the GPS path is colored gray. The circles visualize landmarks. The size of the circles indicates the confidence in it. A large landmark was observed often and has a small covariance, whereas a small landmark was observed only a few times and still has a large covariance. The largest deviation from the ground truth occurred after 600-800 seconds, where an entire path segment had been badly placed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-auv-hanse-which-was-used-for-the-tests-3lh54l2r.png Fig. 4. AUV HANSE, which was used for the tests. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-this-plot-illustrates-how-a-wall-candidate-is-found-38gv6493.png Fig. 3. This plot illustrates how a wall candidate is found. The dashed line denotes the SNR, while the solid line represents the SNR smoothened with a Gaussian kernel. A scan line is swept from the right to left and matches the first point which crosses the SNR threshold (dashed). https://scispace.com/papers/sonochemically-synthesized-na-2-ti-6-o-13-nanorod-an-414n5ikph1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparative-xrd-pattern-of-nano-materials-prepared-dn7ennkt.png Figure 1. Comparative XRD pattern of nano-materials prepared by sonochemical method by varying the precursor ratio of NaOH:TiO2, calcinations at 750 C for 1 h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-comparative-xrd-pattern-of-nano-materials-3p0b8wry.png Figure 2. (a) Comparative XRD pattern of nano-materials prepared by dry and wet methods, Soni: sonochemically synthesized followed by calcinations at 750 C for 1 h, SS: mechanical ball milling followed by calcinations at 750 C for 2 h; (b) Rietvelt refinement of synchrotron patterns of nano-materials prepared by sonochemical reaction followed by calcination for 1 h at 750 C. (Inset) Illustration of the crystal structure of Na2Ti6O13. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-galvanostatic-electrochemical-performance-of-2so7bnxh.png Figure 4. Galvanostatic electrochemical performance of Na2Ti6O13 anode prepared by sonochemical synthesis calcined at 750 C for 1 h: (a) galvanostatic charge–discharge profiles at the rate of C/20, (b) cycling stability and coulombic efficiency over a period of 50 cycles at the rate of C/20, (c) various rate kinetics at C/10, C/5, C/2, C and 2C and (d) the differential galvanostatic profiles (dQ/ dV) of Na2Ti6O14 anode showing two distinctive peaks for all charging/discharging processes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cyclic-voltammograms-of-na2ti6o13-electrode-2i6962w0.png Figure 5. Cyclic voltammograms of Na2Ti6O13 electrode prepared by sonochemical synthesis calcined at 750 C for 1 h between 0.5 and 2.5 V at a scan rate of 0.1 mV s-1, where Na metal acts as both counter and reference electrodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-sem-micrograph-of-na2ti6o13-prepared-by-38i12i43.png Figure 3. (a) SEM micrograph of Na2Ti6O13 prepared by sonochemical synthesis before calcination. (b) SEM micrograph after calcining at 750 C for 1 h. (Inset) Close view of the particle distribution. (c) TEM image of a single nano-particle (synthesized sonochemically) with dimension confirming the values from SEM measurement. (Inset) Atomic planes of the nano-particles shown by HRTEM. (d) SEM micrograph of Na2Ti6O13 prepared by solid-state method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lattice-and-other-parameters-obtained-from-reitveld-2x42dc0s.png Table 1. Lattice and other parameters obtained from reitveld refinement analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/songs-as-ambient-language-input-in-phonology-acquisition-naqvbttewx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-children-s-mean-improvement-scores-of-putonghua-and-24spnox9.png Figure 1: Children's Mean Improvement Scores of Putonghua and English Accent in each Experimental Enrichment Condition https://scispace.com/papers/song-walker-harmony-space-embodied-interaction-design-for-2sbaz8dtnv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fragment-of-harmony-space-grid-highlighting-a-c-major-dfjc4bck.png Fig. 1 Fragment of Harmony Space grid, highlighting a C major triad https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performing-the-beatles-ticket-to-ride-1b9vid86.png Fig. 4 Performing the Beatles' “Ticket To Ride” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-solo-activity-controlling-song-walker-with-dance-mat-7oa98fpf.png Fig. 2 A solo activity, controlling Song Walker with dance mat and Wii remote https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-likert-scale-results-for-the-various-musical-tasks-37p1fl0s.png Table 1 Likert scale results for the various musical tasks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-two-players-playing-asymmetrical-roles-23532f0z.png Fig. 3 Two players playing asymmetrical roles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-analyzing-david-bowie-s-suffragette-city-3tza4sgi.png Fig. 5 Analyzing David Bowie's “Suffragette City” https://scispace.com/papers/sonographic-diagnosis-of-a-large-and-deep-endometrioma-of-4x9v24jyec 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sagittal-tvus-scan-of-the-uterine-cervix-shows-a-rnwn8bfr.png FIGURE 1. Sagittal TVUS scan of the uterine cervix shows a round homogeneous hypoechoic cystic mass (calipers) with low-level internal echoes, without papillary proliferations or internal septa, and with a clear demarcation from the adjacent normal cervical tissue. https://scispace.com/papers/soot-volume-fraction-profiling-of-asymmetric-diffusion-45jd7a2z7o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-soot-volume-fraction-distribution-on-flame-1haine4a.png Fig. 5 Soot volume fraction distribution on flame longitudinalsections under different fuel flow rates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-illustrates-the-variations-of-the-mean-soot-volume-13qep93k.png Fig. 4 illustrates the variations of the mean soot volume fraction along the flame height. It is clear that the soot volume fraction of the flame increases along the flame height and reaches the maximum value at height 120mm for the fuel flow rate of 0.4l/m, 150mm for 0.5l/m, and 160mm 0.6l/m. This is expected for typical diffusion flames. The root part of the flame has particularly a low soot volume fraction due to the small air supply which results in partially premixed combustion and thus reduced soot formation in the region. The standard deviation (STD) of the mean soot volume fraction is also calculated. The maximum normalized STD is 0.38 which occurs at the tip region of the flame (at height 180 mm) under the fuel flow rate 0.6 l/m. This is believed to be attributed to a greater fluctuation in that region, particularly at a higher fuel flow rate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-variations-of-the-mean-soot-volume-fraction-of-the-dxui5r3o.png Fig. 4 illustrates the variations of the mean soot volume fraction along the flame height. It is clear that the soot volume fraction of the flame increases along the flame height and reaches the maximum value at height 120mm for the fuel flow rate of 0.4l/m, 150mm for 0.5l/m, and 160mm 0.6l/m. This is expected for typical diffusion flames. The root part of the flame has particularly a low soot volume fraction due to the small air supply which results in partially premixed combustion and thus reduced soot formation in the region. The standard deviation (STD) of the mean soot volume fraction is also calculated. The maximum normalized STD is 0.38 which occurs at the tip region of the flame (at height 180 mm) under the fuel flow rate 0.6 l/m. This is believed to be attributed to a greater fluctuation in that region, particularly at a higher fuel flow rate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-soot-volume-fraction-distribution-on-flame-cross-3sne55uf.png Fig. 3. Soot volume fraction distribution on flame cross-sections for different fuel flow rates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overview-of-the-tomographic-imaging-system-and-flame-1sknsgpy.png Fig. 2. Overview of the tomographic imaging system and flame images taken at eight different angles of view for the fuel rate of 0.5 l/m. https://scispace.com/papers/sorption-enhanced-methanation-for-substitute-natural-gas-4mybgedcwr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-co2-and-h2-conversion-as-a-function-of-temperature-on-3m80ei3j.png Fig. 4. CO2 and H2 conversion as a function of temperature on the proprietary Ni-based CRI methanation catalyst. Inlet composition: 2.4% CO2, 9.4% H2, 77.8% CH4, 4.7% H2O and 5.6% N2, atmospheric pressure, total flow: 150 ml/min, material mass: 3.6 g (mass ratio alpha alumina:catalyst = 5:1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-breakthrough-time-as-a-function-of-the-operating-3lxncyuz.png Table 2 Breakthrough time as a function of the operating temperature in the sorption enhanced methanation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-h2o-and-co2-adsorption-capacities-of-zeolite-4a-2vu9nhm8.png Table 1 H2O and CO2 adsorption capacities of zeolite 4A calculated from breakthrough experiments at various temperatures, at a total pressure of 1 bar (N2 balance). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sorption-enhanced-methanation-illustrated-by-the-5th-2sseiuhm.png Fig. 5. Sorption enhanced methanation illustrated by the 5th breakthrough curve of a cyclic series of regenerative experiments. Adsorption conditions: 250 C, atmospheric pressure, inlet composition: 2.5% CO2, 9.9% H2, 81.6% CH4, 6.0% N2, total flow: 150 ml/min, total material mass: 3.6 g (zeolite 4A:catalyst = 5:1). Before the experiment, the materials were regenerated with a mixture of H2:N2 at a ratio of 1:9 at 450 C and then cooled down to 250 C. The reactor contains mostly N2 and is by-passed before the reaction with the inlet mixture. The transient observed when the experiment is started are due to the gas phase present in the tubing included in the by-pass loop, situated downstream the reactor and upstream the detector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-h2-level-in-sng-produced-for-the-conventional-2e64o2cr.png Fig. 2. H2 level in SNG produced for the conventional methanation case (3-reactor configuration) and for the sorption enhanced methanation case (sorption enhanced process in place of the 3rd reactor). The horizontal dotted line represents the maximum amount of H2 allowed in the Dutch gas grid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relative-compression-energy-duty-as-a-function-of-the-3se2duyi.png Fig. 3. Relative compression energy duty as a function of the operating pressure considering that H2 and CO2 at the inlet of the process are available at 1 bar and methane (SNG) must be compressed to 60 bar for injection in the grid. https://scispace.com/papers/sophisticated-phishers-make-more-spelling-mistakes-using-url-279ltyeeou 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-of-ebay-attacks-over-the-rst-500-queried-2a81lrlu.png Fig. 1. Distribution of eBay attacks over the rst 500 queried websites. The attacks are not equally distributed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-21-brand-names-used-for-the-brand-name-testing-3b1g0v7u.png Table 2. The 21 brand names used for the brand name testing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-for-the-566-visually-rated-urls-split-up-by-qfmsxaaw.png Table 4. Results for the 566 visually rated URLs split up by rating intervals. Hit rates increase with quality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-heatmaps-showing-the-detailed-matching-results-for-the-1q5rjj8c.png Fig. 3. Heatmaps showing the detailed matching results for the di erent domains in the di erent conditions. The lower part of the gures show all websites that triggered at least one search result. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-screenshot-of-the-web-interface-our-experts-used-to-285fc91v.png Fig. 2. A screenshot of the web interface our experts used to rate the phishing attacks. The interface language chosen to suit our experts' mother tongue. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-for-general-url-extraction-and-search-engine-2xdj6iu2.png Table 3. Results for general URL extraction and search engine queries throughout the di erent conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-the-four-di-erent-url-patterns-that-were-6ncndrxb.png Table 1. Examples of the four di erent URL patterns that were extracted from the URLs. https://scispace.com/papers/sorted-b-cell-transcriptomes-point-towards-actively-1synzuaiyu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-differential-gene-expression-analysis-of-each-separate-3me96u6o.png Fig. 3. Differential Gene Expression Analysis of each separate clinical phase versus its subsequent. A: Number of Differentially Expression Genes (DEG). B: Venn Diagram showing the overlap in DEG between different comparisons. C: Overview of selected immune related genes in the different comparisons. IT: Immune Tolerant. IA: Immune Active. IC/GZ: Inactive Carrier/Grey Zone. ENEG: Hepatitis B e Antigen Negative Hepatitis. *: comparison of the IA and IT phase did not show immune related genes (Supplementary Table S4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-intrahepatic-b-cells-versus-peripheral-b-yjzm7irp.png Fig. 4. Comparison of intrahepatic B cells versus peripheral B cells. A: Relative expression of all transcripts (n = 8797) that were detected in both liver and blood derived B cells of patients for whom a paired liver and blood sample was available. (hierarchical clustering based on the Euclidean distance between Z-scores). B: Number of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEG). C: Overview of immune relevant genes among the DEG that were higher expressed in liver vs peripheral blood B cells. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-characteristics-of-samples-obtained-from-3215qbzz.png Table 1 Patient characteristics of samples obtained from liver and blood that were included in the analsysis after strict quality control. Hepatic and peripheral samples were paired (same patient, same time point) in 4 IA patients and 5 IC/GZ patients. *: mean ± SD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-differential-gene-expression-analysis-of-peripheral-b-2bsuiawl.png Fig. 1. Differential Gene Expression Analysis of peripheral B cells of all Chronic Hepatitis B patients versus Healthy Controls; A: number of differential expressed genes; B: Overview of a few immune relevant genes. CHB: Chronic Hepatitis B. HC: Healthy Controls. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-differential-gene-expression-analysis-of-each-separate-hp4sjukx.png Fig. 2. Differential Gene Expression Analysis of each separate clinical Chronic Hepatitis B phase versus Healthy Controls. DEG: Differentially Expressed Genes. IT: Immune Tolerant. IA: Immune Active. IC/GZ: Inactive Carrier/Grey Zone. ENEG: Hepatitis B e Antigen Negative Hepatitis. https://scispace.com/papers/sorption-of-lead-cadmium-and-zinc-from-air-sediments-4e7wu4cpm4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-content-of-lead-cadmium-and-zinc-in-model-1h789rbn.png Table 1. The content of lead, cadmium and zinc in model solution https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-metal-sorption-cf-ug-depending-on-sorption-time-2vsrimoe.png Table 4. Metal sorption, Cf /µg, depending on sorption time https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-metal-sorption-depending-on-the-nwf-sorbent-mass-20nwwnrq.png Table 2. Metal sorption depending on the NWF sorbent mass https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sorption-capacity-qx102-ug-g-1-nwf-sorbent-depending-2nsng2ry.png Table 3. Sorption capacity, q×102 / µg g−1, NWF sorbent depending on the mass https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-content-of-lead-cadmium-and-zinc-in-air-1yonites.png Table 6. The content of lead, cadmium and zinc in air sediments, µg dm−3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-influence-of-ph-on-the-sorption-of-lead-cadmium-2is7pzgc.png Figure 1. The influence of pH on the sorption of lead, cadmium and zinc by natural wool fibers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-influence-of-temperature-on-natural-wool-fiber-heavy-24w8qyf7.png Table 5. Influence of temperature on natural wool fiber heavy metal removal efficiency (q / µg g−1) https://scispace.com/papers/sorting-on-periodic-surfaces-1eh8upuppj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-plateaus-in-the-absolute-velocity-angle-for-f0-8-and-bf7vlnx4.png FIG. 4. Plateaus in the absolute velocity angle for F0 8 and different values of the parameter B for two temperatures. Upper panel T 10 4; lower panel T 10 2. Data correspond to B 0:5 (solid lines), 0.7 (dashed lines), and 0.9 (dotted lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-deflection-angles-i-for-different-particles-bi-as-a-2do5rftc.png FIG. 5. Deflection angles i for different particles Bi as a function of F0 for a fixed force direction tan 0:25 and T 0:01. Squares: B1 0:5, 1. Triangles: B2 0:7, 2. Circles: difference between deflection angles of the two types of particles, 2 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-deflection-angle-vs-field-direction-for-f0-8-and-6m2tlj2l.png FIG. 3. Deflection angle vs field direction for F0 8 and different values of the potential parameter B (increasing B is associated with increasing particle size) for two temperatures. Upper panel T 0:01; lower panel T 0:1. Data correspond to B1 0:5 (solid lines), B2 0:7 (dashed lines), and B3 0:9 (dotted lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-finite-portion-of-the-much-larger-two-dimensional-2q0mrs2y.png FIG. 1. A finite portion of the much larger two-dimensional periodic potential Eq. (3) for the case of wells with A 5 and B 0:8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-trajectories-for-a-force-applied-at-different-angles-3sqlscny.png FIG. 2. Trajectories for a force applied at different angles . These angles are represented by dotted lines, and correspond to tan 0:2 (a), 0.4 (b), 0.6 (c), and 0.8 (d). Other parameters are: A 5, B 0:7, 20, F0 8, and T 10 4. https://scispace.com/papers/sorting-by-weighted-reversals-transpositions-and-inverted-2r9ix355o8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-sequence-for-case-3-1bkyt8ue.png Figure 10: Sequence for Case 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-sequences-for-case-12-3r6bwi16.png Figure 19: Sequences for Case 12. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-this-5-cycle-allows-a-2t-move-that-splits-the-cycle-1lyb7m9d.png Figure 4: This 5-cycle allows a 2t-move that splits the cycle into a 3-cycle and two adjacencies. First, we mark two reality-edges connected by a desire-edge with r1 and r2, remove them, and close the cycle by a new desire-edge (dashed line). Then, we perform the transposition (third picture). The last step is to reinsert the reality-edges r1 and r2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-transposition-that-acts-on-three-reality-edges-in-2lukyoh5.png Figure 3: A transposition that acts on three reality-edges in different arcs induced by a t-unoriented cycle c orientates c. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-algorithms-decision-tree-if-it-begins-with-a-1-1s8jazgt.png Figure 8: The algorithm’s decision tree if it begins with a 1-twisted 3-cycle c. Again, all cycles are r-unoriented 2-cycles or t-unoriented 3-cycles. Cross-references α and β can be found in Fig. 6, γ and δ in Fig. 7, while ε, ζ and η are in this figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-algorithms-decision-tree-if-it-begins-with-a-1se1i0ys.png Figure 7: The algorithm’s decision tree if it begins with a nontwisted 3-cycle c. All cycles are considered to be r-unoriented 2-cycles or t-unoriented 3-cycles because r-oriented 2-cycles or t-oriented 3-cycles can directly be eliminated. Cross-references α and β can be found in Fig. 6, γ and δ in this figure, while ε, ζ, and η are in Fig. 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-sequences-for-case-6-for-the-first-two-sequences-3em5c1uo.png Figure 13: Sequences for Case 6. For the first two sequences, the resulting configurations consist of 10 adjacencies (not drawn in the figure). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-sequences-for-case-14-the-resulting-configurations-2xplpugz.png Figure 21: Sequences for Case 14. The resulting configurations consist of 8 adjacencies (not drawn in the figure). https://scispace.com/papers/sos-a-safe-ordered-and-speedy-emergency-navigation-algorithm-4ikipoa8vo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-graph-model-21utsuoh.png Fig. 2. Graph model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-evacuation-time-of-the-four-evaluated-22lrjlq0.png Fig. 5. Average evacuation time of the four evaluated approaches. SOS always achieves the shortest average evacuation time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-last-evacuation-time-of-the-four-evaluated-approaches-3fduorpc.png Fig. 6. Last evacuation time of the four evaluated approaches. SOS always achieves the shortest last evacuation time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-network-overhead-of-the-four-evaluated-approaches-sos-2fb7vhns.png Fig. 7. Network overhead of the four evaluated approaches. SOS always achieves the smallest network overhead. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-final-network-flow-model-268ynyl1.png Fig. 4. Final Network Flow Model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-network-flow-models-3dl0p8u8.png Fig. 3. Network flow models https://scispace.com/papers/sound-synthesis-and-evaluation-of-interactive-footsteps-for-2udl9xx9rq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-experiment-2-recognition-in-percentage-of-2ek3gppk.png Table 2: Results of experiment 2: recognition (in percentage) of the surfaces with the recorded synthesized sounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-the-percentages-of-correct-answers-ghv5n36s.png Figure 3: Comparison of the percentages of correct answers for each surface in experiment 1 (black) and 2 (white). Surface type from left to right: 1-beach sand, 2-gravel, 3-dirt pebbles, 4-snow, 5-high grass, 6-forest underbrush, 7-dry leaves, 8-wood, 9-creaking wood, 10-metal, 11-wood plus reverberation, 12-creaking wood plus reverberation, 13-metal plus reverberation. Notice that the missing element in column 5 indicates the fact that none of the subjects was able to recognize the high-grass in experiment 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-experiment-3-recognition-in-percentage-of-1xy9jthe.png Table 3: Results of experiment 3: recognition (in percentage) of the surfaces with the recorded real sounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-mean-of-the-degree-of-realism-top-2dpzmlvb.png Figure 4: Comparison of the mean of the degree of realism (top) and quality of the sound (bottom) for each surface in experiment 1 (black) and 2 (white). Surface type from left to right: 1-beach sand, 2-gravel, 3-dirt pebbles, 4-snow, 5-high grass, 6-forest underbrush, 7-dry leaves, 8-wood, 9-creaking wood, 10-metal, 11-wood plus reverberation, 12-creaking wood plus reverberation, 13-metal plus reverberation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-percentages-of-correct-answers-top-and-mean-of-the-29e0lgoq.png Figure 5: Percentages of correct answers (top) and mean of the degree of certainity in the answer for each surface in experiment 3. Surface type from left to right: 1-beach sand, 2-gravel, 3-dirt pebbles, 4-snow, 5-frozen snow, 6-high grass, 7-forest underbrush, 8-dry leaves, 9-concrete, 10-wood, 11-creaking wood, 12-metal, 13-carpet, 14-puddles and 15-water. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-footstep-sound-top-and-the-corresponding-1ju0w9a8.png Figure 1: A footstep sound (top) and the corresponding calculated GRF (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-subject-performing-experiment-1-8x1hap12.png Figure 2: A subject performing experiment 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-experiment-1-recognition-in-percentage-of-1e0v5yq7.png Table 1: Results of experiment 1: recognition (in percentage) of the surfaces with the interactive system. https://scispace.com/papers/sound-test-suites-for-cyber-physical-systems-4f6i9lr1vq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-thermostat-example-34xkuxq0.png Fig. 2: Thermostat example https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-output-trajectory-of-the-thermostat-specification-zuoy35ec.png Fig. 3: The output trajectory of the thermostat specification (y) and that of a sample implementation (yI ) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-view-of-conformance-testing-and-conformance-2tk06awj.png Fig. 1: Schematic View of Conformance Testing and Conformance Relation https://scispace.com/papers/sound-radiation-from-perforated-plates-3mvayxg3cl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-18-comparison-of-modal-radiation-efficiency-18pxm8f2.png Figure 5.18: Comparison of modal radiation efficiency including the cross-modal terms (—) and only the self-modal terms (· · · ): (a) mode (1,1), (b) mode (1,2), (c) mode (2,4) and (d) mode (3,3) (0.65 × 0.5 × 0.003 m aluminium plate with η = 0.1; do = 10 mm, τ = 40%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-illustration-of-positive-and-negative-inter-cells-33lqvmek.png Figure 4.4: Illustration of positive and negative inter-cells for vibrating simply supported and guided-guided plates (−−steady state condition). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-53-measured-radiation-index-of-a-plate-near-a-rigid-3e3y46xl.png Figure 7.53: Measured radiation index of a plate near a rigid surface (tp = 3 mm, unperforated): —absence of rigid surface, —D = 1 cm, −−D = 2 cm, − · −D = 4 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-37-radiation-efficiency-of-unbaffled-1-5-mm-simply-1xr1mx8m.png Figure 7.37: Radiation efficiency of unbaffled 1.5 mm simply supported perforated plates: — theoretical, - - experiment; (a) unperforated, (b) do = 5 mm; τ = 5%, (c) do = 8 mm; τ = 12%, (d) do = 10 mm; τ = 19% and (e) do = 15 mm; τ = 44%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-15-distribution-of-radiation-efficiency-over-20-priwcmkk.png Figure 2.15: Distribution of radiation efficiency over 20 point force positions on the plate (0.65× 0.5× 0.003 m aluminium plate with η = 0.1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-modal-and-average-radiation-efficiency-of-a-kkug18z3.png Figure 3.5: Modal and average radiation efficiency of a simply supported unbaffled plate (0.65× 0.5× 0.003 m aluminium plate with η = 0.1): —modal radiation efficiency; −average radiation efficiency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-6-comparison-of-average-radiation-efficiency-1ntts9kg.png Figure 3.6: Comparison of average radiation efficiency between unbaffled (—) and baffled (−−) plates (0.65× 0.5× 0.003 m aluminium plate with η = 0.1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-analytical-model-of-an-array-of-discrete-monopole-1iug2dqv.png Figure 6.1: Analytical model of an array of discrete (monopole) sources for calculating the sound radiation of a perforated plate https://scispace.com/papers/source-attribution-of-arctic-aerosols-and-associated-arctic-r97w1gspeb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-surface-concentrations-of-sulfate-aerosols-ug-m-3-1eczgge1.png Figure 3. Surface concentrations of sulfate aerosols (µg m−3) in spring (March–May) and summer (June–August) at four locations (Alert, Station Nord, Ny-Ålesund, Kevo) in the Arctic during 1980–2018. Seasonal means are denoted by solid black circles, medians as short horizontal bars, and the 25th to 75th percentile ranges as vertical bars. Stacked colors represent modeled contributions from the Arctic (blue) and non-Arctic (green) anthropogenic source region. The observations denoted by solid black circles are obtained from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme, World Data Centre for Aerosols database (http://ebas.nilu.no, last access: July 2020), and Breider et al. (2017). Black triangles at Ny-Ålesund for the period 1980–1981 show mean observations from Heintzenberg and Larssen (1983). The black diamond at Ny-Ålesund in summer shows the median non-sea-salt sulfate concentration from Maenhaut et al. (1989). Open circles in the spring for Ny-Ålesund are March–April mean values (Sirois and Barrie, 1999). Note that the vertical coordinates use logarithmic scales. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-same-as-fig-3-but-for-surface-bc-ug-m-3-at-four-ojfzycc1.png Figure 4. Same as Fig. 3 but for surface BC (µg m−3) at four (Alert, Barrow, Ny-Ålesund, Kevo) Arctic sites. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-trends-in-annual-mean-sulfate-and-bc-concentrations-3pg019iq.png Table 2. Trends in annual mean sulfate and BC concentrations ( % per decade) in surface air and in column contributed by 16 anthropogenic source regions during 1980–2018 relative to the 39-year averages of total concentrations. The boldface values are statistically significant at the 95 % confidence level based on the F test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-spatial-distribution-of-linear-trends-in-annual-2vpemvbq.png Figure 8. Spatial distribution of linear trends in annual mean sulfate (a, c) and BC (b, d) concentrations (% yr−1) near the surface (a, b) and column burden (c, d) relative to the 39-year averages. The dotted areas indicate statistical significance with 95 % confidence based on the F test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-time-series-1980-2018-of-the-estimated-response-in-109pjkd0.png Figure 11. Time series (1980–2018) of the estimated response in surface temperatures (K) to the change in radiative forcing due to the aerosol–radiation interactions (RFari) of (a) sulfate, (c) BC, and (e) sum of sulfate and BC RFari; (b) radiative forcing due to aerosol–cloud interactions (RFaci) of sulfate, (d) radiative forcing (RF) due to BC in snow and ice, and (f) the sum of all RF in each latitudinal band and the sum of them (SUM). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-time-series-1980-2018-of-annual-radiative-forcing-1y5r8n4i.png Figure 10. Time series (1980–2018) of annual radiative forcing due to aerosol–radiation interactions (RFari; W m−2) of sulfate and BC over the Arctic (ARC; 60–90◦ N), Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes (MID; 28–60◦ N), tropics (TRO; 28◦ S–28◦ N) and Southern Hemisphere (SHM; 90–28◦ S). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-series-1980-2018-of-absolute-a-b-ug-m-3-and-2onehd5g.png Figure 5. Time series (1980–2018) of absolute (a, b; µg m−3) and relative (c, d; %) contributions of emissions from the major source regions to the simulated annual mean near-surface sulfate and BC concentrations averaged over the Arctic (66.5–90◦ N). The remaining source regions with annual contributions less than 3 % are combined and shown as OTH (other regions in Fig. S2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-16-anthropogenic-source-regions-europe-eur-3qxze8dl.png Figure 1. (a) The 16 anthropogenic source regions – Europe (EUR), North America (NAM), Central America (CAM), South America (SAM), northern Africa (NAF), southern Africa (SAF), the Middle East (MDE), Southeast Asia (SEA), Central Asia (CAS), South Asia (SAS), East Asia (EAS), Russia–Belarus–Ukraine (RBU), Pacific–Australia–New Zealand (PAN), the Arctic (ARC), Antarctic (ANT), and non-Arctic and non-Antarctic oceans (OCN). Dots in (b) mark observational sites at Alert (A; 82◦ N, 62◦W), Station Nord (S; 81◦ N, 16◦W), Barrow (B; 71◦ N, 156◦W), Ny-Ålesund (N; 78◦ N, 11◦ E) and Kevo (K; 69◦ N, 27◦ E). Spatial distribution of annual mean (c) SO2 (g S m−2 yr−1) and (d) BC (g C m−2 yr−1) emissions averaged over 1980–2018. The thick black circles mark the Arctic (66.5–90◦ N). https://scispace.com/papers/sound-wave-acceleration-in-granular-materials-1mwbpcwc9j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-snapshot-of-a-part-of-the-typical-system-used-long-366rd0w3.png Figure 1. Snapshot of a part of the typical system used (long FCC packing). The dark particles belong to the fixed layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-from-the-simulation-without-dissipation-see-fig-3-2z0tqnv2.png Figure 4. From the simulation without dissipation, see Fig. 3, the speed of the first peak maximum, Vp, is plotted as a function of the distance from the source. (A centerweighted average over five layers is used here. Also a higher output frequency was needed to obtain reliable data.) The dashed line indicates the average speed, Vp1, and the solid line is the theoretical prediction, Vpz . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-normal-stress-szz-scaled-by-the-equilibrium-stress-ye4ibxe7.png Figure 2. Normal stress (σzz) scaled by the equilibrium stress (σ 0 zz) as function of time at different positions z/l0 = 10, 80, and 150, with the distance from the source, z, and the layer distance l0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dispersion-relations-grey-scale-corresponds-to-the-1r5cogxi.png Figure 5. Dispersion relations (grey-scale corresponds to the amplitude, absolute value, of the Fourier coefficients) for P wave (Left) and S wave (Right) propagating in z direction in the anisotropic packing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-normal-stress-szz-scaled-by-the-equilibrium-stress-hpnzpmm3.png Figure 8. Normal stress (σzz) scaled by the equilibrium stress (σ 0 zz) as function of time at different positions z/l0 = 10, 80, and 150, with the distance from the source, z, and the layer distance l0. Comparison between the monodisperse system (see Fig. 2) and the polydisperse system with ∆a = 2δ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-left-p-wave-velocities-as-function-of-365fvy9l.png Figure 9. (Left) P-wave velocities as function of polydispersity (simulations and theory). (Right) Dispersion relation (grey-scale corresponds to the amplitude of the Fourier coefficients) for the P-wave in the polydisperse system, ∆r = 2δ. The solid line corresponds to the dispersion relation from the monodisperse, ordered system from section 3.4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-dispersion-relation-grey-scale-corresponds-to-the-2klpwexr.png Figure 7. Dispersion relation (grey-scale corresponds to the amplitude of the Fourier coefficients) for the S-wave with kt/kn = 2. The solid line gives the best fit to the P-wave dispersion relation from the system without friction, as discussed in section 3.4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-two-wave-signals-are-plotted-at-z-l0-10-and-80-8nu8pzyb.png Figure 3. (Left) Two wave signals are plotted at z/l0 = 10 and 80, as in Fig. 2, without damping (dashed line) and with damping (solid line). The dissipation strength is γ0 = 0.1 kg s −1, which corresponds to a restitution coefficient r = 0.78 and a contact duration tc = 2.039 10 −5 s, comparable to the viscous damping time scale tγ = mij/γ0 = 4.19 10 −5 s. https://scispace.com/papers/source-compression-with-a-quantum-helper-1x6elinkhu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-source-compression-with-a-quantum-helper-12rl438m.png Fig. 1. Source Compression with a Quantum Helper. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-typical-shape-of-the-rate-region-in-theorem-1-3pnk0gey.png Fig. 2. A typical shape of the rate region in Theorem 1. https://scispace.com/papers/source-localization-of-brain-states-associated-with-6n204yyq2v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-head-displacement-in-upright-reclined-and-supine-1kmkaka0.png Figure 3. Head displacement in upright, reclined, and supine postures. This figure displays, as a function of posture, the means and standard deviations in head displacement of the left and right auricular head localizer units at every second of the 480-sec (8-min) recordings. On average, participants displaced their head by about twice as much when sitting upright (left: 1.7 mm, right: 2.0 mm) compared with when lying supine (left: 0.7 mm, right: 1.1 mm). However, mean head displacements in all postures remained well below the threshold (∼5 mm) that would call for repositioning the head or initiating a new head position file in standard MEG analysis practice (Gross et al., 2013; Whalen, Maclin, Fabiani, & Gratton, 2008). Longer recordings and particular populations (e.g., children: Wehner et al., 2008) increase the likelihood of greater head displacement. In such experiments, posture may prove especially pertinent with respect to head movement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-posture-dependent-changes-in-regional-brain-34qu0nop.png Figure 4. Posture-dependent changes in regional brain activity. Colored brain regions show areas where t tests revealed source level power differences when contrasting sitting upright against lying supine (mapped on the Desikan–Killiany neuroanatomical atlas). Red (q < 0.05) signifies greater oscillatory activity when sitting upright, whereas blue (q < 0.05) signifies lower activity when sitting upright. Each column presents one brain map viewed from six different angles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sitting-upright-versus-lying-supine-1romps67.png Table 1. Sitting Upright versus Lying Supine https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-noise-spectra-for-participant-and-empty-room-3acmf0c8.png Figure 2. Noise spectra for participant and empty room recordings. The top six graphs depict the PSDs for each of the 270 gradiometers averaged across all runs for each posture (for participant recordings, on the left) and each dewar position (for empty room recordings, on the right). The bottom graph depicts the average across all 270 gradiometers for each of the above six conditions. As in our analysis, in this graph we removed frequencies below 2 Hz as well as electrical contamination from 58 to 62 Hz. When performing our source analysis, we removed the environmental noise detected before each participant recording by accounting for an empty room noise covariance matrix. For example, this analysis regressed out the two blips around 20 and 50 Hz in the reclined empty room condition. https://scispace.com/papers/source-identification-of-atmospheric-organic-vapors-in-two-1vi0gfz1aa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-correlations-among-various-factors-identified-2hc28gqb.png Figure 11. The correlations among various factors identified (a) in the Landes forest and (b) at the SMEAR II station, with the color representing the correlation coefficients (r2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mass-profiles-of-the-eight-factors-resolved-in-the-2qvevx9j.png Figure 5. Mass profiles of the eight factors resolved in the high-mass range in the Landes forest, with major fingerprint peaks labeled in the mass spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-time-series-and-b-diurnal-trends-of-the-eight-u5e9q2wm.png Figure 6. (a) Time series and (b) diurnal trends of the eight factors resolved in the high-mass range in the Landes forest. The solid and dashed lines in the diurnal plots show the mean and median values, respectively, and the shaded area shows 10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th percentiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-time-series-and-b-daily-trends-of-the-four-45ezrefn.png Figure 10. (a) Time series and (b) daily trends of the four factors in the high-mass range at the SMEAR II station. The solid and dashed lines in the diurnal plots show the mean and median values, respectively, and the shaded area shows 10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th percentiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-mass-profiles-of-the-four-factors-resolved-in-the-3iwi9kol.png Figure 9. Mass profiles of the four factors resolved in the high-mass range at the SMEAR II station. The fingerprint peaks are labeled in the mass spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-comparison-between-factor-profiles-of-the-common-zwrqn72d.png Figure 13. Comparison between factor profiles of the common sources apportioned in the Landes forest and at the SMEAR II station. The x and y axes show the fraction of each bin in the mass spectra of the factors. FL: factors in the Landes forest; FS: factors at the SMEAR II station; C4H8H+: C4H8H+ ion-related; C6,7LOP: C6 and C7 lightly oxidized products; MT: monoterpenes; C6−9LOP: C6–C9 lightly oxygenated compounds; ISO: isoprene and its oxidation products; MTLOP: monoterpene lightly oxidized products; C13LOP: C13 lightly oxidized products; SQT: sesquiterpenes; MTON: monoterpene-derived organic nitrates; MTMOP: monoterpene more oxidized products. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-time-series-and-b-diurnal-cycles-of-the-five-2pz1t31t.png Figure 8. (a) Time series and (b) diurnal cycles of the five factors in the low-mass range at the SMEAR II station. The solid and dashed lines in the diurnal plots show the mean and median values, respectively, and the shaded area shows 10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th percentiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mass-profiles-of-the-seven-factors-resolved-in-the-15yyrqqc.png Figure 3. Mass profiles of the seven factors resolved in the low-mass range in the Landes forest. Fingerprint peaks identified by highresolution peak fitting are shown in the mass spectra. https://scispace.com/papers/source-microphone-identification-from-speech-recordings-4lyj961q28 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-brands-of-the-microphones-used-in-the-experiments-3852ibsd.png Table 1. Brands of the microphones used in the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-identification-rates-of-the-gmm-based-system-for-7xuptp74.png Table 2. The identification rates (%) of the GMM-based system for test utterance lengths of 1 s and 3 s (training duration of 180 s). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-identification-rates-of-gmm-based-system-for-ds3-1wtnqskg.png Table 6. The identification rates (%) of GMM-based system for DS3 (training duration of 180 s). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-microphone-identification-performance-versus-the-14lnw4qm.png Figure 5. Microphone identification performance versus the training duration for the LPCC, PLPC, and MFCC methods based on dataset DS3: a) test utterance length of 1 s and b) test utterance length of 3 s. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-confusion-matrix-of-the-source-microphone-8791s07h.png Table 5. Confusion matrix of the source microphone identification system on dataset DS2 for N = 64. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-work-flow-of-our-proposed-method-348e0lkd.png Figure 1. The work flow of our proposed method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-microphone-identification-performance-versus-the-p2rivppt.png Figure 3. Microphone identification performance versus the training duration for the LPCC, PLPC, and MFCC methods, based on DS1: a) test utterance length of 1 s and b) test utterance length of 3 s. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-identification-rates-of-the-gmm-based-system-for-6cv09w3n.png Table 3. The identification rates (%) of the GMM-based system for dataset DS2 (training duration of 180 s). https://scispace.com/papers/sources-and-processes-sustaining-surface-co-2-and-ch-4-2ii9f3k0rh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-of-spatially-interpolated-surface-co2-a-c-3sl8qia8.png Figure 2. Average of spatially interpolated surface CO2 (a–c) and CH4 (d–f) fluxes (a, d), concentrations (b, e), and isotopic signatures (c, f) along the hydrological continuum from the reservoir inflows to the main basin for each sampling campaign. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-sd-of-physical-and-chemical-variables-measured-1kao5blb.png Table 1. Mean (±SD) of physical and chemical variables measured at the surface of the three reservoir sections. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-batang-ai-reservoir-with-delimited-sections-267us7tl.png Figure 1. Map of Batang Ai reservoir with delimited sections (branches and main basin) and sampling points. ∗ Represents sampling points at the branches’ extremities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-density-distributions-of-the-different-components-fu6qfjh9.png Figure 3. Density distributions of the different components of CO2 (a, b) and CH4 (c, d) surface budgets in the reservoir branches (a, c) and main basin (b, d). Components are as follows. H : horizontal flow inputs; S: sediment inputs; V : vertical inputs; M: net metabolism (average of the incubation and diel O2 monitoring methods); T : sum of all estimated sources and processes in the surface layer; F : measured surface fluxes. Density curves are based on simulated normal distributions using the mean and standard error of each component. The x axes represent the areal rate of CO2 or CH4, and the colour scale indicates the sign of the rate. Mean values of the fraction of each component (%) relative to the mean surface flux (F ) are reported on the right side in each panel. The solid and dashed grey lines represent the means of F and T respectively. In panels (a), (b), and (d), the point and percentage in green represent the hypothetical value of the M rate (the most uncertain component) and its corresponding fraction (as a percentage of F ) that are needed to close the budget (to obtain T =F ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-epilimnetic-daily-gpp-vs-er-rates-a-derived-from-1tex5chl.png Figure 4. Epilimnetic daily GPP vs. ER rates (a) derived from diel O2 changes in the reservoir branches and main basin (including sites near aquacultures), with the 1 : 1 line (dotted). (b) Boxplots of the corresponding rates of CO2 NEP in the branches and main basin, with box bounds, whiskers, solid line, open circles, and squares representing the 25th and 75th percentiles, the 10th and 90th percentiles, the median, single data points (diel O2 method), and incubation-derived rates respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-surface-o2-vs-co2-departure-from-saturation-for-all-oapbcr75.png Figure 5. Surface O2 vs. CO2 departure from saturation for all sampled surface sites in the reservoir main basin and branches across all sampling campaigns. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-regression-of-ch4-concentration-a-and-isotopic-1oycnre5.png Figure 6. Regression of CH4 concentration (a) and isotopic signature (b) as a function of distance to shore in each sampling campaign in the main reservoir basin. For CH4 concentration, regressions lines have the following statistics in order of sampling: p values: < 0.001, 0.06, 0.03, and 0.05 and R2adj: 0.54, 0.13, and 0.11. For δ13CH4, all regressions had p values> 0.2 except for the November–December 2016 campaign with a p value= 0.01 and R2adj = 0.29. https://scispace.com/papers/sources-of-fe-binding-organic-ligands-in-surface-waters-of-2hzs8kpmub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-distribution-along-the-transect-shown-in-fig-1-1xf8gq7i.png Figure 3. The distribution along the transect shown in Fig. 1 of (a) the concentrations of total Fe-binding ligands [Lt] and (b) concentrations of dissolved Fe (DFe; data from Seyitmuhammedov et al. (2021). (c) A diagram of 2 and SA with colors denoting the values of [Lt]. The letters above and numbers below the profiles in (a) and (b) indicate the stations. DFe data are presented using a nonlinear scale for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-the-binding-strength-log-kcondfel-and-b-3qbp91zs.png Figure 4. (a) The binding strength, log KcondFe′L , and (b) complexation capacity, log αFe’L, plotted in a diagram of 2 and SA. The color scale indicates the values of log KcondFe′L and log αFe’L. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-distribution-along-the-transect-shown-in-fig-1-3hz8bguv.png Figure 5. The distribution along the transect shown in Fig. 1 of (a) excess ligand concentrations [L′], (b) fluorescence and (c) nitrate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-the-sampling-sites-along-our-study-transect-iw9wglzl.png Figure 1. Map of the sampling sites along our study transect near the western Antarctic Peninsula. The stations are indicated by blue dots and station numbers. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is indicated by purple arrows. The coastal current (CC) is indicated by a yellow arrow. The southern boundary (SB) of the ACC front is indicated by the grey line. The southern ACC front (SACCF) is indicated by the red line. See Fig. 6 in Arrigo et al. (2017) for details on the ACC flow path. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-distribution-of-si-a-and-the-ratio-of-nitrate-1w35zwgw.png Figure 6. The distribution of Si∗ (a) and the ratio of [Nitrate] /DFe (b) along the transect shown in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-diagram-of-absolute-salinity-sa-versus-1snqgln2.png Figure 2. (a) Diagram of absolute salinity (SA) versus conservative temperature (2) with isopycnal lines and colors denoting depth in meters. The distribution along the transect shown in Fig. 1 of (b) 2 and (c) SA with density (σθ ) as contours. The approximate boundary between uCDW and mCDW is marked with a dashed white line in (b). The values of 2 and SA were generated by ODV software from CTD data. https://scispace.com/papers/sources-of-supply-and-conditions-of-employment-of-harvest-4ob7qkzeb0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-harvest-hands-interviewed-who-wen-horn-and-285trsze.png Table 2. —Number of harvest hands interviewed who wen horn and raised on/arms and in cities; and number, whose first -jobs wert in specified industries. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-which-shows-the-customary-occupations-of-1-t-133-xfyjeh5k.png Table 3, which shows the customary occupations of 1 t,133 harvesters, further illustrates the dependence of the wheat harvest upon the industrial labor supply. Agriculture itself furnished but 29.2 per cent of these harvesters. Most of them were fanners and farmers' sons from Arkansas. Missouri, Texas. Oklahoma, eastern Kansas, and Iowa who had completed their own harvests and had come to the wheat harvests to earn some extra money. (See fig. 3.) The remainder were migratory farm bands. These, however, were few https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-customary-occupations-of-14133-harvest-hands-2ojdilxh.png Table 3, which shows the customary occupations of 1 t,133 harvesters, further illustrates the dependence of the wheat harvest upon the industrial labor supply. Agriculture itself furnished but 29.2 per cent of these harvesters. Most of them were fanners and farmers' sons from Arkansas. Missouri, Texas. Oklahoma, eastern Kansas, and Iowa who had completed their own harvests and had come to the wheat harvests to earn some extra money. (See fig. 3.) The remainder were migratory farm bands. These, however, were few https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-daily-vagi-s-r-ceived-by-wheat-harvest-iannis-on-t-2i6xq3i8.png Table 10.-'Daily vagi s r ceived by wheat harvest Iannis on t,050jobs in 1921. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-experienced-kansasharvest-hand-this-lad-a-soul-hem-at0ox2h9.png Fig. 3. -An experienced Kansasharvest hand. This lad, a Soul hem farmer's son, was making the harvest for the sixth time. Thousands of sturdy https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-states-rom-which-11516-harvest-hands-carru-to-395cgfih.png Table I. -States/rom which 11,516 harvest hands carru to harvest oj 1921. https://scispace.com/papers/south-africa-s-ongoing-opuntia-mill-cactaceae-problem-the-2br6agwwl4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-dense-clump-of-o-microdasys-photographed-near-1dgh75gm.png Figure 1. A dense clump of O. microdasys photographed near Graaff-Reinet in South Africa’s Great Karoo. Figure 2. Close-up of the bright yellow flowers of O. microdasys, here taking on an orange hue as the flower ages. Figure 3. O. microdasys ‘Albispina’, a form with white glochids, has not become naturalised in South Africa. Picture taken of material in cultivation. Photos: Gideon F. Smith. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparative-nomenclature-of-the-naturalised-members-1j77puyj.png Table 1. Comparative nomenclature of the naturalised members of the genus Opuntia recorded in South Africa (1976–2011). The taxonomic treatment of Opuntia included in Walters et al. (in press; fourth column of this table) is followed here. This accounts for 12 presently accepted species (13 taxa). https://scispace.com/papers/south-african-stock-return-predictability-in-the-context-231gevzil7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-general-to-specific-model-selection-results-p0ay20oi.png Table 4: General-to-specific model selection results https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-in-sample-and-out-of-sample-predictability-test-2tefrevd.png Table 2: In-sample and out-of-sample predictability test results, 1997:01-2010:04 out-of-sample period https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-data-mining-bootstrap-critical-values-3fewdp4h.png Table 3: Data-mining bootstrap critical values https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-monthly-data-1990-01-2010-04-3bvvstbh.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics, monthly data (1990:01-2010:04) https://scispace.com/papers/southern-appalachian-peatlands-support-high-archaeal-3fn6vjzu3s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-phylogenetic-representation-of-the-archaea-present-30p2csu7.png Table 2 Phylogenetic representation of the Archaea present in all Tater Hill Sugar Mountain Pineola Bog, NC https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-similarity-based-otus-97-and-estimates-of-species-1krf8j7x.png Table 3 Similarity-based OTUs (97 %) and estimates of species richness and library coverage Year of sample Sample site (library type) Number of sequences https://scispace.com/papers/sovereign-bailouts-and-senior-loans-20cq9cwzdf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-utility-interest-rate-and-effort-as-a-function-of-2pdtt8u6.png Figure 1: Utility, interest rate and effort as a function of the senior lending https://scispace.com/papers/sovereign-wealth-fund-portfolios-3kkx1i4kyt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-29mfg07g.png Table 2: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sovereign-ownership-of-world-markets-active-7nue6cae.png Table 3: Sovereign Ownership of World Markets & Active Investments: 2008 Snapshot https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sovereign-wealth-funds-holdings-for-2008-our-data-1q32xqaw.png Table 1 - Sovereign Wealth Funds Holdings for 2008: Our Data and Market Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-how-well-do-financial-investor-variables-explain-swf-srq8t43c.png Table 6: How Well do Financial Investor Variables Explain SWF Portfolios? https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-and-explained-in-the-heterogeneity-section-figure-1przz4cg.png Figure 1 and explained in the heterogeneity section. Figure one suggests that those SWFs who are explained best by the model are those whose portfolios look like financial investors. If so, a negative relationship between the SWF R-square and ownership stakes would be consistent with asset managers acting as passive, diversified investors seeking portfolio income. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-industry-breakdown-of-swf-and-benchmark-portfolio-3ad2jai6.png Table 5: Industry Breakdown of SWF and Benchmark Portfolio Allocations https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-how-well-do-financial-investor-state-planner-2yqn8t83.png Table 7: How Well do Financial Investor & State Planner Variables Explain SWF Portfolios? https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-ownership-stakes-relationship-to-objectives-10mueqgk.png Table 8: Ownership Stakes' Relationship to Objectives https://scispace.com/papers/space-charge-saturated-sheath-regime-and-electron-4y1iqyp1rh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diagnost-2ikkysmb.png Fig. 2 Diagnost https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-experimentally-obtained-electron-wall-collision-3sj3vx5u.png Fig. 7. The experimentally obtained electron-wall collision frequencies SCSexpν [Eq. (6)] normalized to SCSthν [Eq. (5)]. For each discharge voltage, the experimental frequencies are given for the measured and estimated values of the plasma density. The regimes with SCS sheaths and zero SEE correspond to the straight lines ν = 1 and ν = (1- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-current-versus-voltage-characteristic-of-the-hall-12d9atsd.png Fig. 3. Current versus voltage characteristic of the Hall thruster measured for xenon flow of 19 sccm and a constant magnetic field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-local-electron-temperature-versus-local-plasma-fkjdd9f0.png Fig. 6. Local electron temperature versus local plasma potential measured along the channel median for the discharge voltage of 350 V (a) and 600 V (b). Electron energy gain dTe/dφpl in the regions with linear variations of the electron temperature with the plasma potential are ~ 0.15 for 350 V and ~ 0.16 for 600 V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-b-1-local-electron-temperature-versus-local-plasma-1xv9hdlj.png Fig. B-1. Local electron temperature versus local plasma potential measured along the channel median for the discharge voltage of 500 V for transitional and steady state operation. The thruster operation: xenon gas flow 19 sccm, the magnetic field distribution of Ref. 16. The enlarge markers correspond to the local parameters at the channel exit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distributions-of-the-plasma-potential-a-and-the-6xk70ajc.png Fig. 4. Distributions of the plasma potential (a) and the electron temperature (b) measured along the channel median. The anode position is -46 mm relative to the channel exit. The radial magnetic field profile corresponds to the operating conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-joule-heating-profile-along-the-channel-median-for-3frtr04e.png Fig. 8. Joule heating profile along the channel median for different discharge voltages. Enlarged markers correspond to the location of the maximum electron temperature. The anode position is -46 mm relative to the channel exit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-dependence-of-the-maximum-electron-2dtyxfgj.png Fig. 5. Experimental dependence of the maximum electron temperature on the discharge voltage. Empty triangles correspond to the maximum electron temperature located outside the channel exit. I, II and III are the temperature regimes, which appear to be qualitatively similar to the regimes predicted by the models.9-11 The error bars show the standard deviations obtained from several probe insertions. https://scispace.com/papers/space-filling-designs-for-multi-layer-nested-factors-2uhp17bjlp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-full-3-d-delay-differential-space-for-wind-1-a-1h3lln3p.png Figure 4: The full 3-D delay differential space for wind # 1 (a) along with the 30 design points sampled from the Split Fifth space-filling method projected onto each two-dimensional delay differential plane (b)-(d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-simulated-airspace-configuration-prior-to-the-1r7f09w9.png Figure 2: The simulated airspace configuration prior to the merge point (a) and after (b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-average-min-d-over-1000-iterations-of-each-space-2w5ukpat.png Table 1: The average min d(·, ·) over 1000 iterations of each space-filling technique for all wind sets. * Largest average min d(·, ·) for a given wind condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-predicted-cpa-response-surface-versus-the-fim-2vlr1gir.png Figure 6: The predicted CPA response surface versus the FIM and lead aircraft delay differential and the FIM and trail aircraft delay differential at two different angles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-provides-an-illustration-of-our-multi-layered-2xxq1mpc.png Figure 1 provides an illustration of our multi-layered continuous nested factors relationship. In Figure 1, we use the notation described previously along with ui for i = 1, 2, · · · , k being the selected value for the i-th factor in the k-branching/nested factor system. For the remainder of this paper, we will use (u1, u2, · · · , uk) = ~u as notation for a single point in the space, U , of all possible values for the multi-layered continuous nested factors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-predicted-cpa-response-surface-versus-the-fim-3flwa3mf.png Figure 7: The predicted CPA response surface versus the FIM and target aircraft delay differential and the FIM and lead aircraft delay differential at two different angles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-predicted-cpa-response-surface-versus-the-fim-o54uf30w.png Figure 5: The predicted CPA response surface versus the FIM and target aircraft delay differential and the FIM and trail aircraft delay differential at two different angles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-specific-system-of-five-multi-layered-2ta6w3hk.png Figure 3: The specific system of five multi-layered continuous nested factors mapped by an aircraft scheduling procedure to three aircraft delay differentials. https://scispace.com/papers/space-mapping-optimization-of-planar-coupled-resonator-7nz5cav0ko 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-convergence-of-iterative-process-based-on-linear-1il2zgkb.png Fig. 7. Convergence of iterative process based on linear approximation for a six-resonator filter. It takes six iterations to reach the specifications. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulated-response-of-initial-design-of-six-resonator-166dc89l.png Fig. 6. Simulated response of initial design of six-resonator filter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-measured-solid-lines-and-simulated-dashed-lines-20uujxvp.png Fig. 11. Measured (solid lines) and simulated (dashed lines) frequency response of sixth-order harmonic-reject filter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-convergence-of-iterative-process-based-on-quadratic-14yisn2x.png Fig. 8. Convergence of iterative process based on quadratic approximation for a four-resonator filter. It takes two iterations to reach the specifications. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-fabricated-six-resonator-filter-1hiy0al6.png Fig. 10. Fabricated six-resonator filter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-convergence-of-iterative-process-based-on-quadratic-165ivl00.png Fig. 9. Convergence of iterative process based on quadratic approximation for a six-resonator filter. It takes two iterations to reach specifications. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-coupling-and-routing-scheme-of-a-second-order-1kvuveah.png Fig. 1. Coupling and routing scheme of a second-order Chebyshev filter. The structure is symmetric with respect to its center. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-coupling-coefficient-versus-separation-distance-3ph1x3az.png Fig. 3. Coupling coefficient versus separation distance between two resonators. Solid line: full-wave simulation. Dashed–dotted line: quadratic approximation. Dashed line: linear approximation. https://scispace.com/papers/space-time-discontinuous-galerkin-discretizations-for-linear-1zq3nxuy2r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-degrees-of-freedom-of-the-transport-example-in-the-7fd5x31c.png Table 1. Degrees of freedom of the transport example in the space-time domain on different space-time levels (starting with 128 = 16× 8 space-time cells in R0,0), and iteration steps and averaged rates for a residual reduction by the factor 10−8 of the linear iteration with two-level multilevel preconditioners in time or space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-scattered-wave-solution-left-and-used-polynomial-4wq2ui84.png Figure 11. Scattered wave solution (left) and used polynomial degrees (right) at different times. Solved on 1024 processes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spatial-distribution-of-mesh-cells-to-4-processes-3c39fqkd.png Figure 1. Spatial distribution of mesh cells to 4 processes and required communication (arrows). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-space-time-distribution-of-mesh-cells-to-16-4uive4mi.png Figure 2. Space-time distribution of mesh cells to 16 processes and required communication (arrows). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-location-of-the-highest-polynomial-degrees-in-the-2l13vbc3.png Figure 7. Location of the highest polynomial degrees in the space-time domain Q. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-for-the-transport-equation-with-uniform-mesh-39vta6pr.png Table 4. Results for the transport equation with uniform mesh with 524 288 = 4 096 × 128 space-time cells and different polynomial degrees. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-adaptive-refinement-on-a-mesh-with-524-288-4-096x-dl9v2cua.png Table 5. Adaptive refinement on a mesh with 524 288 = 4 096× 128 space-time cells (ϑ = 1e-4). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-degrees-of-freedom-for-the-maxwell-example-in-the-3poswuo0.png Table 3. Degrees of freedom for the Maxwell example in the space-time domain on different space-time meshes (starting with 64 = 8 × 8 space-time cells in R0,0), and iteration steps and averaged rates for a full space-time multilevel method for the Maxwell example with Jacobi smoothing in time (νl,k = 2, θl,k = 0.5) and Gauss–Seidel smoothing in space (νl,k = 5). https://scispace.com/papers/space-time-dispersion-and-waveguide-properties-of-2d-39xcv0iskh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-normalized-real-left-and-imaginary-right-parts-of-12hwkvlv.png Figure 2. Normalized real (left) and imaginary (right) parts of the propagation constant, calculated for rods, characterized with different complex ε~ : ε~ =3-j10 (curves 1); ε~ =-10-j100 (curves 2); ε~ =-100-j1000 (curves 3); ε~ =-900-j1000 (curves 4); ε~ =-3-j50 (curves 5); ε~ =-3-j10 (curves 6). Solid and dashed curves correspond to real and complex kx ,ky , respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-view-of-two-dimensional-periodic-wire-25eheyap.png Figure 1. Schematic view of two-dimensional periodic wire medium with the square lattice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-normalized-real-left-and-imaginary-right-parts-of-2gj9fuik.png Figure 3. Normalized real (left) and imaginary (right) parts of the propagation constant for the quasi-TEM wave, propagating along gold wires. Curves 1-5 correspond to the following sizes: r=20 nm, a=500 nm; curves 7,8 - r=40 nm, a=300 nm; 6- r=20 nm, a=300 nm. Calculations were implemented at the following wavelengths: λ=0.7 μm (curves 1,7); λ=1.0 μm (curves 2,6,8); λ=1.3 μm (curve 3); λ=1.5 μm (curve 4); λ=1.8 μm (curve 5). https://scispace.com/papers/space-time-shapelets-for-action-recognition-4t1fuktnbr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-difficult-sequences-on-the-left-are-the-sequences-s41vzdpu.png Figure 8: Difficult Sequences: On the left are the sequences – “walking with a dog”, “sleepwalking”, “occluded feet”, “walking past a pole”. On the right are sequences with view point changes of 9◦, 27◦, 45◦ and 81◦ (with respect to image plane). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-video-sequence-showing-a-person-walking-16uaud6l.png Figure 1: Video Sequence showing a person walking https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-key-poses-top-row-shows-the-five-cluster-centers-1g3ylcr6.png Figure 2: Key Poses: Top row shows the five cluster centers (means), the bottom row shows actual examples closest to cluster centers (pseudo-medians). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-space-time-shapelets-shown-are-the-data-points-3kr6hki9.png Figure 3: Space-Time Shapelets: Shown are the data-points closest to a few cluster centers (pseudo-medians), created from 7x7x7 volumes. The indicated temporal dimension makes it easier to visualize motion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-unrolling-volumes-each-row-depicts-a-shapelet-as-a-1d76htia.png Figure 4: Unrolling volumes: Each row depicts a shapelet as a volume, and then x-y time slices, or frames that make up these volumes. In the frames, white represents object pixels, black represents background, and gray pixels exist for illustration purposes to provide contrast. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-weizmann-dataset-the-rows-represent-different-3cnk8flx.png Figure 5: Weizmann Dataset: The rows represent different actions, while the columns show different people performing those actions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sequence-classification-results-using-two-different-2537p6kn.png Figure 6: Sequence Classification results using two different classifiers. We can see improved discriminatory power between one-handed-wave (wave1) and two-handed-wave (wave2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-action-localization-results-using-two-different-1348uydd.png Figure 7: Action Localization results using two different classifiers. https://scispace.com/papers/space-time-sketching-of-character-animation-v3axdcbj49 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-user-sketches-a-loop-shape-first-row-the-1sdhpgnn.png Figure 5: The user sketches a loop shape (first row). The resulting motion blends between the key frames at the side (second column) and a path-following DLOA in the middle section of the stroke—between self-intersecting points. Third column is the intermediate DLOA before a trajectory correction (solid) and the final DLOA is ghosted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-our-method-parses-the-space-time-curve-for-singular-15prngkv.png Figure 6: Our method parses the space-time curve for singular points, and uses a warping step function to pick individual key frames (red lines)—which are then interpolated to provide the shape of the character over time, while the trajectory is determined by the path. First row: the user sketches a space-time curve. Second row: the key frames that are automatically picked out. Third row: interpolated motion with a trajectory correction. Fourth row: the user edits the initial motion by over-sketching keyframes on the spacetime curve—automatically providing its timing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-in-these-artist-sketches-the-characters-upper-body-33urwrvy.png Figure 7: In these artist sketches, the character’s upper body matches the shape of the blue curve, between the two selfintersecting points (see the red dashed lines on the right). Note on the left how the character’s global trajectory (green overlay) does not strictly match the sketched trajectory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-current-shape-interpolation-techniques-assume-point-2k50cgqe.png Figure 1: Current shape interpolation techniques assume point-topoint blending (first row, result shown in grey), making it hard to create path-following motions. In contrast, our space-time sketching abstraction enables animators to sketch shapes and paths with a single stroke (second row). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-user-sketches-a-line-of-action-stroke-on-top-of-2cmxfmgd.png Figure 9: The user sketches a line of action stroke on top of a pathfollowing DLOA to alter the motion of the tail over a time interval. The path-following motion (a DLOA) blends with another DLOA, the static key frame sketched for the tail, over a time interval. Right: the user edits secondary lines onto a separate plane and view. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-user-response-to-keyframing-time-spent-number-of-2rh5fc0n.png Table 1: User response to keyframing: time spent, number of keyframes and twist cans, number of clicks, and self-evaluation scores per participant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-user-response-to-space-time-curves-stc-time-spent-secspz26.png Table 2: User response to space-time curves (STC): time spent, number of curves and twist cans, number of clicks, and selfevaluation scores per participant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-inspiration-a-hopping-mug-the-artist-made-the-lines-xv1lqzo4.png Figure 2: Inspiration: a hopping mug. The artist made the lines of action “dynamic” by having them match the blue trajectory (green marks were added on the right to show the matching parts). This shows that the blue stroke carries both shape and path information. https://scispace.com/papers/spaces-of-agency-within-contextual-constraints-a-case-study-33053i96o4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-occurrences-of-key-verbs-and-modal-verbs-in-cecr-1gex23jm.png Table 1: Occurrences of key verbs and modal verbs in CECR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-minimal-model-for-third-generation-activity-theory-25qdm1ys.png Figure 1. Minimal model for third generation activity theory (Wertsch, Tulviste, & Hagstrom, 1993) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-interaction-of-the-three-activity-systems-vic3rjmg.png Figure 2. The interaction of the three activity systems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-frequency-of-key-verbs-and-nominalisation-used-3ijy5ve2.png Table 5 The frequency of key verbs and nominalisation used in Lynne’s interview https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-frequency-of-modal-adverbs-used-in-lynnes-30ub96zu.png Table 4 The frequency of modal adverbs used in Lynne’s interview https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-occurrences-of-verbs-and-nouns-in-cecr-and-the-3n6aodez.png Table 3: Occurrences of verbs and nouns in CECR and the Department’s curriculum. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-comparison-of-the-differences-between-the-3cf2y20p.png Table 2: The comparison of the differences between the national curriculum https://scispace.com/papers/space-variant-video-compression-and-processing-in-digital-39eug63t5q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-resolution-test-a-usaf-1951-resolution-chart-the-1zorsjpu.png Fig. 8. Resolution test. (a) USAF 1951 resolution chart. The linewidth of the smallest element is 780 nm (element 3 of group 9 in inset). (b) 1 μm latex beads in waterflow. Estimated flow speed of 4 ml/min was controlled by a peristaltic pump (Welco WPM1). The inset shows magnified intensity of one latex bead at −48 mm from the hologram plane together with a horizontal intensity profile going through the center of the object. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-typical-result-from-the-active-potable-water-facility-35d1msur.png Fig. 10. Typical result from the active potable water facility. (a) Subtraction hologram; (b) intensity reconstruction at −159 mm from the hologram plane, where a single microscopic object is in focus. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-imaging-sensor-components-light-from-the-laser-module-2a24fz3o.png Fig. 7. Imaging sensor components. Light from the laser module (LM) is collimated by the lens (L) and transmitted through an aperture containing the sample (S). Magnification is realized with the microscope objective (MO), and the hologram is captured with the digital camera (C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dhm-sensor-network-and-design-choices-a-plurality-of-1s14023x.png Fig. 1. DHM sensor network and design choices. A plurality of holographic sensors transmits holographic data over a network to a gateway. Design choices for where to conduct hologram image processing and analysis in a DHM sensor network. P, process; A, analyze; C, compress; T, transmit; R, receive; D, decompress. At one extreme, all data processing and analysis are conducted at the measurement node only, and minimal data are compressed and transmitted to the gateway. At the other extreme, raw hologram data are compressed at the measurement node and transmitted to the gateway, where all processing and analysis takes place. Table 1 summarizes the trade-off. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-typical-result-from-the-active-potable-water-facility-96bym4ok.png Fig. 11. Typical result from the active potable water facility with a hologram containing two microparticles. The 3D blobs are localized and segmented in the reconstruction volume, and the orientations of the bounding boxes found using PCA. Eccentricities of 0.63 and 0.78 were found for the upper and lower 3D blobs, respectively. Colors represent relative depth of particles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-typical-results-from-the-active-potable-water-2i8etyzx.png Fig. 12. Typical results from the active potable water facility. The first row shows intensity reconstructions at full size (with a white rectangle indicating the identified object), bottom row shows the magnified object, and a y-z intensity plane (side profile) through the volume along the white vertical line in the magnified object. (a) Reconstruction depth 113 mm, object size 2.84 μm × 1.81 μm × 0.77 μm; (b) reconstruction depth 131 mm, object size 2.21 μm × 2.16 μm × 1.2 μm. ϵ denotes eccentricity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primary-disadvantage-of-each-simple-design-choice-3dpybz1m.png Table 1. Primary Disadvantage of Each Simple Design Choice When Partitioning the Data Processing between Measurement Nodes (before Network Transmission) and Gateway https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-three-dhm-object-localization-techniques-1y3xbwll.png Fig. 2. Comparison of three DHM object localization techniques applied to each of three different classes of sample (top row, semitransparent rayon fibers; middle row, living E. coli bacteria; bottom row, 1 μm latex beads. The three techniques were (a), (d), (g) Tamura contrast coefficient; (b), (e), (h) variance; (c), (f ), (i) amplitude. The Tamura contrast coefficient approximation [38] is calculated for each pixel on each layer of the inverted amplitude reconstruction volume by using blockwise processing [37]. Variance and amplitude are calculated in the same manner. Color coding is used for depth. The rayon fibers were captured with the setup described in Ref. [37] and the other two as described in Section 4 of this paper. Tamura contrast and variance work well for E. coli and latex beads; however, variance identifies only the edges of the rayon fibers. Amplitude analysis, in general and for these samples also, identifies the lateral positions but fails in the identification of axial positions. https://scispace.com/papers/spam-filtering-using-integrated-distribution-based-balancing-2b91ho97sj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-fp-rates-of-compared-methods-3jmf8of7.png Table 7: FP rates of compared methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-comparison-of-dbb-rdnn-rel-accuracy-with-the-1naa63yk.png Table 10: Comparison of DBB-RDNN-ReL accuracy with the results of previous studies on the SMS dataset https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-results-of-friedman-and-holm-nonparametric-tests-3ezbqvlv.png Table 8: Results of Friedman and Holm nonparametric tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-comparison-of-dbb-rdnn-rel-accuracy-with-the-results-1ztao4me.png Table 9: Comparison of DBB-RDNN-ReL accuracy with the results of previous studies on the Enron 1 dataset https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-average-elapsed-training-time-in-seconds-d3aji6n3.png Table 13: Average elapsed training time in seconds https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-comparison-of-dbb-rdnn-rel-accuracy-with-the-1vap9rbg.png Table 11: Comparison of DBB-RDNN-ReL accuracy with the results of previous studies on the SpamAssassin dataset https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-comparison-of-dbb-rdnn-rel-accuracy-with-the-1kdrg8r5.png Table 12: Comparison of DBB-RDNN-ReL accuracy with the results of previous studies on the Social network dataset https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-confusion-matrix-for-spam-filtering-2qvact40.png Table 1: Confusion matrix for spam filtering https://scispace.com/papers/spallation-of-aluminum-by-28-gev-protons-1x3wge23jf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-qpe-c-o-m-one-gfece-op-0-06-l-po-al-type-d-was-0-hn-81-2qb3aotr.png Fig. 1 Qpe C o~m "one'gfece oP 0.06)l Po. Al. Type D was 0.- Hn. 81. https://scispace.com/papers/spallation-reactions-calculations-3z6fedoq3y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cross-section-for-the-12c-p-3p3n-7be-reaction-vs-2heagq3k.png Fig. 2. Cross section for the 12C(p,3p3n)7Be reaction vs Incident proton energy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-illustrates-comparisons-from-another-cascade-model-20wqda4g.png Table V illustrates comparisons from another cascade model (RENO), https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cross-section-for-the-65cu-p-2p7n-57ni-reaction-vs-1e10pxpe.png Fig. 6. Cross section for the 65Cu(p,2p7n)57Ni reaction vs incident proton energy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-experimental81-and-theoretical-cross-sections-for-1x50ftjv.png Table III Experimental81 and Theoretical Cross Sections for the Formation of Tellurium Isotopes Prom 720- and 2000-MeV Protons on 1 2 7I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-cross-section-for-the-12c-ir-fir-n-llc-reaction-vs-1yidnfcp.png Fig. 11. Cross section for the 12C(ir"fir"n) llC reaction vs Incident pion energy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cross-section-for-the-12c-p-pn-11c-reaction-vs-1gtl5urc.png Fig. 1. Cross section for the 12C(p,pn)11C reaction vs incident proton energy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cross-section-for-the-65cu-p-pn-61tcu-reaction-vs-3taftrgc.png Fig. 5. Cross section for the 65Cu(p,pn)61tCu reaction vs incident proton energy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-uq23fhjj.png Table I https://scispace.com/papers/spanish-broom-spartium-junceum-l-feedstock-for-bioplastic-12l4pj9jge 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-combustible-matter-content-with-higher-and-lower-3ch68rew.png Table 3. Combustible matter content with higher and lower heating values in the SJL residues after fibre extraction https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-non-combustible-matter-content-in-the-sjl-residues-3vx6881b.png Table 2. Non-combustible matter content in the SJL residues after fibre extraction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-weight-loss-percentage-of-pla-and-its-composites-2378uq8o.png Figure 2. Weight loss percentage of PLA and its composites after enzymatic degradation, symbol explanations in Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representation-of-sjl-plant-and-its-structural-3map2f3s.png Figure 1. Representation of SJL plant and its structural above ground axis, which is raw material for fibre production; Left to right: SJL shrub during bloom; Freshly harvested SJL stem; Scanning electron micrograph of SJL fibres extracted from the SJL stem [1] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-samples-and-test-conditions-in-1zvwqhgw.png Table 1. Description of samples and test conditions in biodegradability examination https://scispace.com/papers/spanish-l1-efl-learners-recognition-knowledge-of-english-4gn2w0hxh4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-median-minimum-value-maximum-value-range-2718ky8v.png Table 1: Mean, median, minimum value, maximum value, range, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis for predictor variables and the outcome variable https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-best-model-of-predictors-of-if-according-to-stepwise-2qg7lfrk.png Table 5: Best model of predictors of IF according to stepwise multiple regression analysis conducted on the data of participants who have staid less than three months in an English-speaking country https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-importance-of-predictor-variables-according-to-2agpj9zz.png Table 4: Importance of predictor variables according to squared semipartial correlations https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-importance-of-predictor-variables-in-the-stepwise-vky0cd2p.png Table 6: Importance of predictor variables in the stepwise multiple regression analysis conducted on the data of participants who have staid less than three months in an English-speaking country according to squared semipartial correlations https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-best-model-of-predictors-of-if-according-to-stepwise-2aso4kq0.png Table 3: Best model of predictors of IF according to stepwise multiple regression analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-spearmans-rho-correlations-among-variables-2kcqwhfl.png Table 2: Spearman’s rho correlations among variables https://scispace.com/papers/sparql-query-containment-with-shex-constraints-4k2kyqctrj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pattern-tree-example-1b0pvg6s.png Fig. 1. Pattern tree example https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-containment-complexity-2rtvxeyd.png Table 1. Containment complexity https://scispace.com/papers/spark-plasma-sintering-of-stellite-6-superalloy-5522q2h4mi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-composition-of-stellite-r-6-superalloy-1jjimbp5.png Table 1. Chemical composition of Stellite®-6 superalloy powder https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-fracture-surface-sem-se-of-samples-sintered-at-ksinyja1.png Fig. 12. Fracture surface (SEM/SE) of samples sintered at 1050°C (optimum condition) after impact test at room temperature (highlighted areas show microvoids/porosities) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-fracture-surface-morphologies-sem-se-of-the-samples-xz4yxoiu.png Fig. 11. Fracture surface morphologies (SEM/SE) of the samples sintered at different temperatures; sintered at (a and b) 950°C, (c and d) 1000°C and (e and f) 1050°C after compression test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-optical-microscope-images-of-microstructure-of-the-352hw9np.png Fig. 6. Optical microscope images of microstructure of the sample, sintered at 1050ºC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effects-of-sintering-time-on-the-morphology-and-wr6mxeh3.png Fig. 2. Effects of sintering time on the morphology and distribution of porosities in samples, SPSed at 1050ºC for a) 2, b) 5, c) 10, and d) 15 min holding (sintering) time https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-between-mechanical-properties-of-stellite-3d18gseb.png Table 2. Comparison between mechanical properties of Stellite-6 components, produced by SPS, PIM, casting, forging, and HIP ( Yield strength reported from Ref 9 is taken from https://scispace.com/papers/sparc-lab-present-and-future-58qza7b2yk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-thz-source-achieved-performances-micu5exo.png Table 2 THz source achieved performances. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lwfa-expected-parameters-3e0dtd0i.png Table 1 LWFA expected parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-layout-of-the-sparc-lab-facility-rmjj57d8.png Fig. 1. Layout of the SPARC_LAB facility. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-longitudinal-phase-space-of-the-comb-beam-at-the-end-2ijv0985.png Fig. 6. Longitudinal phase space of the COMB beam at the end of the acceleration process. The accelerating field is also plotted in arbitrary units. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-total-radiation-yield-of-channeling-radiation-by-38i5jmm5.png Fig. 8. Total radiation yield of channeling radiation by single electron per unit of a Si(110) crystal length for three various crystal thicknesses. In final design the thickness should be optimized. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-averaged-potential-energy-of-electron-interaction-dof3j8j2.png Fig. 7. The averaged potential energy of electron interaction with Wh100i crystallographic axis within the Doyle–Turner approximation. Due to extremely high gradient of the potential well 102–103 GeV/m we can expect high flux of channeling radiation [26] . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-layout-of-the-flame-laser-with-the-target-area-for-al91ni13.png Fig. 2. Layout of the FLAME laser with the target area for self-injection plasma acceleration experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-final-drawing-of-the-thomson-scattering-interaction-2x2a1y4d.png Fig. 4. Final drawing of the Thomson scattering interaction chamber. https://scispace.com/papers/spark-plasma-texturing-a-strategy-to-enhance-the-electro-1htx3vnsvy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-curie-temperature-tc-and-activation-energy-ea-for-30kq6nxw.png Table 2. Curie temperature (TC) and activation energy (Ea) for conductivity values deduced from IS data for KNN ceramics prepared by SPS and SPT. TC1 is the Curie temperature associated to the grain core, while TC2 is associated with the grain shell. Similarly, Ea1 and Ea2 values, correspond to the activation energy of grain core and shell conductivity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lattice-spacing-of-knn-ceramics-prepared-by-sps-1cadu6wc.png Figure 3. Lattice spacing of KNN ceramics prepared by SPS (open squares) and SPT (solid circles), as a function of sin2(ψ). The negative slope of the linear fit (solid line for SPT and dash line for SPS) is an indication of compressive residual stress in both ceramics. The calculated residual stress is 32 and 108 MPa for SPS and SPT KNN, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-temperature-dependence-of-the-relative-permittivity-3g51vstx.png Figure 6. Temperature dependence of the relative permittivity r (a) and dissipation factor tanδ (b) for SPS (squares) and SPT (circles) undoped KNN ceramics at 1 kHz. Two phase transitions, corresponding to monoclinic-tetragonal and tetragonal-cubic phases, are present in all the ceramics but slightly shifted to lower TC for SPT in comparison with SPS KNN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-normalized-z-solid-symbols-and-m-open-symbols-of-3bm7n0fc.png Figure 9. Normalized Z’’ (solid symbols) and M’’ (open symbols) of undoped KNN ceramics prepared by SPS (a) and SPT (b), measured as function of frequency at 600 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tem-micrographs-collected-across-the-001-zone-axis-13utp01p.png Figure 5. TEM micrographs, collected across the [001] zone axis of KNN prepared by SPS (left) and SPT (right). The presence of the tetragonal tungsten bronze grains is found and confirmed by the electron diffraction patterns, which show a characteristic cross of weak intensities related to b-glide in P4/mbm symmetry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-nyquist-plot-for-undoped-knn-ceramics-prepared-by-2m6ir8xz.png Figure 8. Nyquist plot for undoped KNN ceramics prepared by SPS (open squares) and SPT (solid circles) and measured at 600 °C within the frequency range 0.35 to 1000 kHz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sem-micrographs-left-and-grain-size-distribution-33glc2ih.png Figure 4. SEM micrographs (left) and grain size distribution (right) of KNN ceramics prepared by SPS (top) and SPT (bottom). The grains are cubic-like shaped with an https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-plots-of-the-normalised-inverse-capacitances-37455zws.png Figure 10. Plots of the normalised inverse capacitances versus temperature (a) and ln of normalised resistances versus inverse absolute temperature (b) calculated from the impedance and electric modulus spectra for undoped KNN ceramics prepared by SPS (open symbols) and SPT (solid symbols). Linear fits (solid lines for SPS and dash lines for SPT KNN) indicate that all the capacitances follow the Curie-Weiss law, while all the resistances follow the Arrhenius law. https://scispace.com/papers/sparse-augmented-lagrangian-algorithm-for-system-1im8ry13wh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-simulation-results-for-example-1-2buv86j6.png Table 3: The simulation results for example 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-box-plots-of-the-number-of-model-terms-produced-by-qujrux60.png Figure 2: Box plots of the number of model terms produced by four algorithms for example 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-training-and-testing-performance-of-ofr-rppot8pf.png Figure 4: The training and testing performance of OFR. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-intermediate-models-produced-by-salsa-23x39gfl.png Table 1: The intermediate models produced by SALSA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-main-idea-of-sal-algorithm-here-ps-and-pe-21uy5t5s.png Figure 1: The main idea of SAL algorithm. Here Ps and Pe represent model terms sets of variable selection and parameter estimation stage, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-training-and-testing-performance-of-sal-30a9fxxt.png Figure 5: The training and testing performance of SAL. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-simulation-results-for-example-2-69sl7dvu.png Table 4: The simulation results for example 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-box-plots-of-the-number-of-model-terms-produced-by-3bonmq19.png Figure 3: Box plots of the number of model terms produced by four algorithms for example 2. https://scispace.com/papers/sparse-graphical-vector-autoregression-a-bayesian-approach-4nkafzpjkj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-heatmap-of-the-predictive-aic-of-the-models-3735c51c.png Figure 2: Heatmap of the predictive AIC of the models estimated by the four algorithms over the different levels of indeterminacy and sparsity in the data generating process. The result is an average of 10 replication exercises for each δ and ρ. The color bar shows the different range of values of the predictive AIC, where blue represents lower AIC, and red for highest AIC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-5-comparison-of-the-mcmc-convergence-diagnostics-23v3r2th.png Figure B.5: Comparison of the MCMC convergence diagnostics for a random initialization (in blue) and our initialization (in green) procedure of the graph averaged over lags. The black dashed line is 1.2, and colored lines close to this line indicate convergence of the chain. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-graph-and-model-estimation-performance-of-1fb6cqkr.png Table 1: Average graph and model estimation performance of algorithms over 100 replications. PP - number of predicted positive links; TP - number of true positive links; ACC - graph accuracy; PRC - graph precision; LG - graph log-likelihood; BICG - graph BIC; LPS - log predictive score; AICM - predictive AIC; and MMSFE - mean of MSFE. Bold values indicate the best choice for each metric. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-7-plots-of-b-7a-links-and-b-7b-graph-score-at-each-207o9s4h.png Figure B.7: Plots of (B.7a) links and (B.7b) graph score at each MCMC iteration, with (B.7c) convergence diagnostics and (B.7d) local graph BIC for the lags for each equation of the macroeconomic application. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-6-plots-of-b-6a-links-and-b-6b-graph-score-at-each-2fx3zand.png Figure B.6: Plots of (B.6a) links and (B.6b) graph score at each MCMC iteration, with (B.6c) convergence diagnostics and (B.6d) local graph BIC for the lags for each equation of the simulation experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-estimation-performance-of-the-algorithms-for-9jymjzut.png Figure 1: Estimation performance of the algorithms for different level of indeterminacy averaged over different level of sparsity. The LASSO is in green, ENET in blue, BGVAR in red and SBGVAR in cyan. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-graph-and-model-estimation-performance-of-208il520.png Table 2: Average graph and model estimation performance of algorithms in modeling and forecasting selected macroeconomic series from 1960Q1 − 2014Q3. PP - number of predicted positive edges; LG - graph log-likelihood; BICG - graph BIC; LPS - log predictive score; AICM - predictive AIC; and MMSFE - mean of MSFE. Bold values indicate the best choice for each metric. https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-3-data-description-and-transformation-codes-1-no-2c7j7u8j.png Table C.3: Data description and transformation codes. 1 = no transformation, 2 = first difference, 4 = log, 5 = 100×(first difference of log), 6 = 100×(second difference of log). *- The dependent variables. https://scispace.com/papers/sparse-brain-network-recovery-under-compressed-sensing-3opz0d6aej 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-visualization-of-rois-in-a-3d-and-b-2d-spaces-3d-rois-3cyovrji.png Fig. 6. Visualization of ROIs in (a) 3D and (b) 2D spaces. 3D ROIs are embedded into the 2D space by ISOMAP, which preserves the relative distance between nodes. Each lobe is represented by different color as shown in the colorbar (a). The clustered brain networks aregiven for (c) ASD and (d) PedCon. In (c) and (d), the color represents cluster. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-brain-networks-and-the-connectivity-matrices-of-931lfyhh.png Fig. 7. The Brain networks and the connectivity matrices of 7lobes for PML, PLR and CORR methods. The lobes are frontal (F), subcortical (S), limbic (L), temporal (T), parietal (P) and occipital (O) lobes and cerebellum (C). The nodes represent ROIs which are embedded into the 2D space by ISOMAP. The width of edge represents the number of connections during the cross validation. If the edge is connected more frequently, it is thicker. The elements of the connectivity matrices are the mean and standard deviation of the number of edges between 7 lobes during the cross validation. The gray colored entries are significant connection difference from the random networks at 0.05 level. Thep-value is determined using the Wilcoxon rank sum test and theBonferroni correction. The red boxes are the significant connection differences between ASD and PedCon at 0.05 level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-statistical-significance-of-the-pairwise-group-11d7pd9q.png Fig. 5. The statistical significance of the pairwise group difference among ASD, PedCon and random networks on (a) the number of edges, (b) the number of clusters, (c) the number of edges connected between lobesand (d) the number of edges connected in a lobe using the four diffe ent methods (PINV, PML, PLR and CORR). The asterisk (*) representsp < 0.01 based on the Wilcoxon rank sum test. In PLR, all features are significantly different withp = 0.7898, p = 0.0776, p < 0.001 andp < 0.001 respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-linear-regression-model-for-the-partial-12tum9w0.png Fig. 1. Linear regression model for the partial correlationestimation. Linear regression model in (2) is represented as (a)X = XB, whereX = [f1, · · · ,fp] ∈ R n×p andB = [βij ] ∈ Rp×p. B is a symmetric matrix with zero diagonal terms. It can be written as (b)x = Ab, wherex = vec(X), A = I ⊗X ∈ Rnp×p 2 andb = vec(B) ∈ Rp 2 ×1. I ∈ Rp×p is a identity matrix. Ifb is s-sparse, i.e. it has at mostnumber of nonzero elements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-after-leave-one-out-cross-validation-the-entries-of-27hrf3bg.png TABLE I AFTER LEAVE-ONE-OUT CROSS VALIDATION, THE ENTRIES OF THE PARTIAL CORRELATION MAP ARE CATEGORIZED INTO 4 CLASSES: STABLE ZERO, STABLE NONZERO, UNSTABLE ZERO AND UNSTABLE NONZERO. THE STABLE AND UNSTABLE CLASSES ARE DETERMINED BY WHETHER THESTANDARD DEVIATION IS LESS THAN 0.1 OR NOT. THE ZERO AND NONZERO CLASSES ARE DETERMINED BY WHETHER THE MEAN IS LESS THAN0.1 OR NOT. WE COMPAREDPINV, PML AND PLR METHODS ONASD, PEDCON AND TWO RANDOM NETWORKS OBTAINED BY PERMUTING AND SELECTING THE GIVEN DATA RANDOMLY . THE RESULTS ARE GIVEN IN TERMS OF THE PERCENTAGE OF EDGES BELONGING TO EACH CLASS AMONG TOTAL4656EDGES. https://scispace.com/papers/sparse-canonical-correlation-analysis-from-a-predictive-3bm66bd10y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulation-settings-2p7f8b0d.png Table 1: Simulation settings https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sparsity-recognition-performance-true-positive-rate-yeq9z0pb.png Table 3: Sparsity recognition performance: true positive rate and true negative rate for canonical vectors in the A and B matrices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-boxplots-of-the-23-relative-cross-validation-scores-mz4or8dt.png Figure 2: Boxplots of the 23 relative cross-validation scores of Witten et al. (2009), Parkhomenko et al. (2009) and Waaijenborg et al., relative to the SAR algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-accuracy-of-the-canonical-vectors-dvxce9a7.png Table 2: Estimation accuracy of the canonical vectors, measured by the average angle between the subspace spanned by the true and estimated canonical vectors. P -values comparing SAR to alternatives are all < 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-estimated-canonical-correlations-using-the-1fx8wite.png Figure 1: Estimated canonical correlations using the canonical ridge, for each of the 23 chromosomes. The highest order pair of canonical variates to retain, as selected by the maximum eigenvalue ratio criterion, is indicated by a solid black circle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sar-algorithm-copy-number-change-measurements-with-79jw9n4p.png Figure 3: SAR algorithm: copy number change measurements with non-zero weights in the first (black), the second (red), the third (blue) and the fourth (green) canonical vectors are indicated for each of the 23 chromosomes. https://scispace.com/papers/sparse-error-gait-image-a-new-representation-for-gait-30ha88h2i3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-segi-top-and-the-corresponding-gei-bottom-2wmdjolz.png Fig. 1. SEGI (top) and the corresponding GEI (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-segi-representation-and-the-corresponding-intensity-3qqyt1uv.png Fig. 3. SEGI representation and the corresponding intensity values for a gallery GEI. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-system-architecture-pz7devp3.png Fig. 2. System architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-correct-classification-rate-of-the-state-of-the-art-2sfo2m4o.png TABLE I. CORRECT CLASSIFICATION RATE OF THE STATE-OF-THE-ART METHODS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-probe-segi-representation-and-the-corresponding-3b3ednw0.png Fig. 6. Probe SEGI representation and the corresponding intensity values obtained with respect to a wrong user. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-probe-segi-representation-and-the-corresponding-ycd2hero.png Fig. 4. Probe SEGI representation and the corresponding intensity values obtained with respect to a genuine user. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-probe-segi-representation-and-the-corresponding-280llf71.png Fig. 5. Probe SEGI representation and the corresponding intensity values obtained with respect to an impostor user. https://scispace.com/papers/sparse-least-squares-support-vector-regression-for-37msk3sktk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-performance-of-lorenz-time-series-with-time-based-1bdiu66f.png TABLE II PERFORMANCE OF LORENZ TIME SERIES WITH TIME BASED DRIFT; T = 40 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-performance-of-lorenz-time-series-with-system-iyonu624.png TABLE I PERFORMANCE OF LORENZ TIME SERIES WITH SYSTEM COEFFICIENT DRIFT; T = 40 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-lorenz-time-series-with-system-coefficient-drift-a-26to6ltx.png Fig. 1. Lorenz time series with system coefficient drift; (a) RMSE learning curves and (b) Model prediction and system output. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lorenz-time-series-with-time-based-drift-a-rmse-4syw76hc.png Fig. 2. Lorenz Time series with time based Drift; (a) RMSE learning curves and (b) Model prediction and system output. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-performance-of-the-ftse-time-series-21vbmdhc.png TABLE III PERFORMANCE OF THE FTSE TIME SERIES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-stock-market-time-series-a-rmse-learning-curves-b-ftse-12dzaxul.png Fig. 3. Stock market Time series; (a) RMSE Learning curves (b) FTSE time series (c) Prediction and system output (d) local prediction and system output. https://scispace.com/papers/sparse-illumination-learning-and-transfer-for-single-sample-2xzcr0dcpw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-warping-a-cropped-auxiliary-image-by-t-1i-may-result-31q7cx1m.png Fig. 3 Warping a cropped auxiliary image by τ−1i may result in copying some pixel values that are out of bound. The values of these out-ofbound pixels are not available in (16). In this example, the pixel with the coordinates (i ′1, j ′1) after transformation τ −1 i remainswithin the original bounding box in green color, but (i ′2, j ′2) is outside the original bounding box. Pixel coordinates such as (i2, j2) should be removed from the support set Ω https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-single-sample-recognition-accuracy-via-manual-1g0spxch.png Table 1 Single-sample recognition accuracy via manual alignment. The atom size is fixed to 80 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-top-first-10-columns-of-v-unstacked-as-subject-16oipefg.png Fig. 1 Top: First 10 columns of V unstacked as subject identity images. Bottom: First 10 columns of C unstacked as illumination images https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mean-relative-errors-over-5-trials-with-varying-44rdy0ki.png Fig. 6 Mean relative errors over 5 trials, with varying support t and basis size k for a V and b C estimated by Algorithm 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-illustration-of-the-first-10-atoms-of-the-illumination-1ych93qo.png Fig. 7 Illustration of the first 10 atoms of the illumination dictionary C . Top: Ad-Hoc Dictionary constructed from the first subject of Extended YaleB database. Bottom: Yale Dictionary learned from all the 38 subjects https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-single-sample-alignment-results-on-multi-pie-the-solid-tqixp796.png Fig. 2 Single-sample alignment results on Multi-PIE. The solid red boxes are the initial face locations provided by a face detector. The dash green boxes show the alignment results. The subject image on the right has 30% of the face pixels corrupted by random noise https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-recognition-rates-under-the-silt-esrcm-1pv1c5st.png Table 4 Recognition rates (%) under the SILT+ESRCM implementation with manual alignment https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-single-sample-alignment-recognition-accuracy-3buhzc0u.png Table 2 Single-sample alignment + recognition accuracy https://scispace.com/papers/sparse-modeling-of-neural-network-posterior-probabilities-fdx3msfrcp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-for-isolated-word-and-connected-digit-13yq7w39.png TABLE I: Results for Isolated Word and Connected Digit Recognition using sparse modeling. Accuracies in case of Connected Digit are given by (100 - WER), where WER is word error rate obtained by Levenshtein distance. The conventional spectral exemplars yield less than 50% accuracy in Isolated Word recognition and around 70% accuracy in Connected Digit recognition tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-given-a-sequence-of-acoustic-features-in-z-the-sparse-bzqw1mci.png Fig. 1: Given a sequence of acoustic features in Z, the sparse representation matrix A will have a block structure associated to the word-specific dictionaries where the inner block coefficients are sparse. This collaborative hierarchical sparsity structure is exploited in [2] to devise an efficient C-HiLasso algorithm for sparse recovery. https://scispace.com/papers/sparse-kernel-density-estimation-technique-based-on-zero-1xnqutnmj9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-performance-comparison-of-the-pw-estimator-2s108ulc.png TABLE III PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF THE PW ESTIMATOR, PREVIOUS SKD ESTIMATOR [18], RSDE ESTIMATOR [13], GMM ESTIMATOR AND PROPOSED SKD ESTIMATOR FOR THE SIX-DIMENSIONAL EXAMPLE OF THREE-GAUSSIAN MIXTURE, OVER 100 RUNS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-performance-comparison-of-the-pw-estimator-previous-2ecw640i.png TABLE I PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF THE PW ESTIMATOR, PREVIOUS SKD ESTIMATOR [18], RSDE ESTIMATOR [13], GMM ESTIMATOR AND PROPOSED SKD ESTIMATOR FOR THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL EXAMPLE OF GAUSSIAN AND LAPLACIAN MIXTURE, OVER 100 RUNS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-performance-comparison-of-the-pw-estimator-previous-p2g1nerv.png TABLE II PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF THE PW ESTIMATOR, PREVIOUS SKD ESTIMATOR [18], RSDE ESTIMATOR [13], GMM ESTIMATOR AND PROPOSED SKD ESTIMATOR FOR THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL EXAMPLE OF FIVE-GAUSSIAN MIXTURE, OVER 100 RUNS. https://scispace.com/papers/sparse-matrix-vector-multiplication-on-multicore-and-4546un6s5r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-5-implementations-as-a-function-of-machine-only-1x1-3osf96d9.png TABLE 1.5: Implementations as a function of machine. †Only 1×1 CSR. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2-automation-of-the-movement-of-data-between-address-2cn8zcw4.png TABLE 1.2: Automation of the movement of data between address spaces. 1Cached and prefetch accelerated. 2Guided via language attributes. 3functions to interface with DMA engines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-5-spmv-performance-as-a-function-of-matrix-hardware-1wm4o38o.png FIGURE 1.5: SpMV performance as a function of matrix, hardware concurrency, and optimization. Note, the untuned baseline is actually a DMAenabled 1×1 COO implementation, and is thus by no means näıve. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-architectural-summary-of-evaluated-platforms-note-2ycjzb4q.png TABLE 1.1: Architectural summary of evaluated platforms. Note, all performance numbers are theoretical peak. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-7-performance-comparison-across-architectures-note-g4h0m9rz.png FIGURE 1.7: Performance comparison across architectures. Note: The näıve baseline (Nehalem/OpenMP) is shown as a black bar. The best implementation for each architecture — Nehalem (circle), Cell (diamond), GTX285 (square) — is shown as a color-coded dot with a light gray bar denoting the global best. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-set-of-matrices-used-across-all-three-platforms-ekh3o5px.png FIGURE 1.2: Set of matrices used across all three platforms. Note: NNZ is the number of nonzeros. Although some matrices are symmetric, no implementation in this chapter exploits that property. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4-nehalem-pthread-performance-before-and-after-auto-3n29ziu0.png FIGURE 1.4: Nehalem pthread performance before and after auto-tuning. OpenMP included as reference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-compressed-sparse-row-csr-storage-and-a-basic-csr-3qgc3gml.png FIGURE 1.1: Compressed sparse row (CSR) storage, and a basic CSR-based SpMV implementation. https://scispace.com/papers/sparse-recovery-methods-for-cell-detection-and-layer-22fe0t0974 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-results-of-arcade-on-retinal-samples-a-histogram-of-2mnq18e8.png Figure 7. Results of Arcade on retinal samples. (A) Histogram of retina sample demonstrating the separability of three mixture components for the Gaussian Mixture Model. (B) Estimated layer transition points are colored according to their estimated rate (dark blue corresponds to low rates, bright yellow corresponds to high rates) overlaid on the retinal sample of a rd10 mouse. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-demonstration-of-density-estimation-a-top-an-275z3ir5.png Figure 6. Demonstration of density estimation. (A) (top) An extracted patch from the primary somatosensory cortex (SSp) overlaid with the true annotated layer transitions in dashed black. (middle) Using pixel values, the plot indicate the optimal accuracy of the bin-based pixel values (black), the kernel density estimation of pixels (blue), and the sparse MLE of pixels (dashed green). (bottom) Using detected cell counts, the plot indicate the optimal accuracy of the bin-based cell counts (black), the kernel density estimation of cells (blue), and the sparse MLE of the cells (dashed green). The key corresponding to the patches and graphs follow below A. The results of layer transition accuracy are as follows for methods of bin-based, KDE, and Sparse MLE: (pixels) 0.612, 0.790, 0.822; (cells) 0.694, 0.865, 0.914. (B) The right neocortical region of the Nissl-stained image mirrored by the dashed line with both the overlaid estimated transition points in red (left) and the AIBS’s manual annotation reference atlas (right). The top inlet of B depicts the transition points overlaid against the Allen Institute Reference Atlas. The bottom inlet shows several additional patches compared to manual annotations from AIBS’s Mouse Reference Atlas using the same parameters of optimal accuracy trained in A. The accuracy of the layer transitions is displayed below each patch. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-table-of-synthetic-values-for-laminar-transitions-3d3cl3oq.png Table 1. Table of synthetic values for laminar transitions and cellular densities. The values in this table were used to generate the synthetic datasets of piece-wise constant cellular layer (laminae) densities to model both the Primary Visual Cortex (V1) and the Primary Somatosensory Cortex (S1) (Gonchar et al., 2008; Meyer et al., 2010). For each cortical section, the first line indicates the normalized laminar transition starting point from the surface of the cortex (pia) while the second line indicates the normalized density of cells reported each respected layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-demonstration-of-the-cytoarchitecture-estimation-27y6ryfh.png Figure 5. Demonstration of the cytoarchitecture estimation framework on synthetic examples. Synthetic cell density representations of noisy data modeled from visual cortex (left) and somatosensory cortex (right). From top to bottom: normalized density function for each cortical region (cyan) and density estimation using a sparse MLE with TV-minimization (dashed green); coefficients obtained under a sparse MLE model elucidating sparse layer transitions as measured by the total-variation norm (50 trials). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-demonstration-of-group-sparse-approximation-on-1t241she.png Figure 8. Demonstration of group-sparse approximation on three histopathology images of RP (A) Three examples of common visual artifacts resulting from histological preparation. From top to bottom: cell death in layer 2/3; a tear in the boundary between layer 1 and 2/3; folded tissue coupled with a bubble between the coverslip and tissue. Each of these examples result in a distorted visual image of the neocortex, thereby skewing data. (B) Comparison of independent and group-sparse penalty methods. (top) The normalized density function for primary visual cortex (cyan) and density estimates obtained using an independent sparse (dashed green) and group-sparse (dotted purple) model. Coefficients obtained under an (middle) independent sparse and (bottom) group-sparse model. (C) Average coefficient error as a function of the number of observations under an independent and group-sparse model in the noisy rate setting (averaged over 15 trials). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-framework-to-estimate-the-3963wadx.png Figure 1. Overview of the framework to estimate the cytoarchitectonics and layers in neuroanatomical images. (A) A Nissl-stained image from the Allen Institute for Brain Science (AIBS)’s Mouse Reference Atlas (Dong, 2008) with a subset of detected patches overlaid around the upper right cortical surface. (B) From top to bottom: A patch extracted from the image to visualize the cellular distribution from the top (pia) to the bottom of the cortex (Layer 6). The dashed black lines indicate the transitions between layers as identified by a neuroanatomist. Below, detected cell bodies in red overlaid on the same image patch. Finally, the estimated density function obtained with a TV-minimization approach (dashed green). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cortical-coordinate-examination-and-cell-detection-320t314t.png Figure 2. Cortical coordinate examination and cell detection. (A) (top row) A ground truth cutout from a neocortical sample annotated by a trained neuroanatomist at 12x magnification of a cortical slice from the ARA. The green markers indicate a cell location while the dashed red boxes show examples of overlapping cells in the ground truth. (middle row) Examples of overlapping cells at 467x, 183x, and 183x magnification of the original image. (bottom row) Estimated cells (red circles) are overlaid on the zoomed overlapping cell examples. (B) (i) Slice 293 from the ARA (0.95 µm per pixel, 10,887 by 13,672 pixels). (ii) Estimated surface of the brain after fitting polynomials around the surface (pia). (iii) The mask generated to outline the cortex within the image. (iv) The mask generated in (iii) overlaid on the ARA image. (v) The probability map produced using our GMM method applied to the masked image in (iv). There are 61,912 cells detected across this section. (vi) (left) Detected cells overlaid on the original ARA image, (middle) zooming into a region at a 5.83x magnification, and (right) further magnification of a subset at 47.7x of the original ARA image (a 256 by 256 pixel cutout that spans layers 1 and 2/3 of the somatosensory cortex). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-timing-performance-between-manual-annotations-and-fpusq2ba.png Figure 4. Timing performance between manual annotations and cell detection method. (A) Violin plots comparing the distribution of timing for manual and automated cell detection strategies. On left, manual annotations and on the right, automated annotations are displayed: for manual annotations this displays the spread in timing, for the automated result, this shows the time that it takes to run a full hyper-parameter optimization sweep (run the method 960 times to find best operating point) relative to Annotator 1’s (blue) or 2’s (green) ground truth. Each of the 960 runs of the hyper-parameter optimization takes on the order of a tenth of a second to compute. (B) The amount of time to run the method on an entire masked cortical section from the ARA (roughly 23 Million non-zero pixels). On the left, the estimated amount of time to manually annotate the whole cortical section (12 hours, based upon linear scaling from timing 256 pixel by 256 pixel patches) and on the right, the time to run the method on the same slice (average of 23 min). https://scispace.com/papers/sparsity-and-morphological-diversity-for-hyperspectral-data-41mvrmqc9j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-column-estimated-sources-using-the-original-gmca-2j5okcn1.png Fig. 2. Left column : Estimated sources using the original GMCA algorithm.Right column : Estimated sources using the new hypGMCA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-four-128x-128-mixtures-out-of-the-128-channels-the-snr-3sz1z1su.png Fig. 1. Four 128× 128 mixtures out of the 128 channels. The SNR is equal to 20dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-abscissa-number-of-sources-ordinate-left-recovery-snr-2c8csnan.png Fig. 4. Abscissa : Number of sources. Ordinate - left : Recovery SNR. Right : sparsity-based criterion C 1 . Solid line : recovery results with GMCA. • : recovery results with hypGMCA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-evolution-of-the-mixing-matrix-criterion-ca-as-a-3l4yg8ms.png Fig. 3. Evolution of the mixing matrix criterion CA as a function of the SNR in dB. Solid line : recovery results with GMCA. • : recovery results with hypGMCA. https://scispace.com/papers/sparse-spatial-selection-for-novelty-based-search-result-1ei8myy8mv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-objects-in-the-range-of-pivots-p1-p2-and-p3-are-31tqvps0.png Fig. 2: Objects in the range of pivots p1, p2, and p3 are considered redundant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-number-of-pivots-number-of-document-document-3uohgoxx.png Fig. 3: Number of pivots, number of document-document comparisons, running time, and diversification performance for the WT09, WT10, and IT678 test collections (left, middle, and right columns, respectively), across a range of φ values. All figures are averages across the topics of the corresponding collection (50, 48, and 20, respectively). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-number-of-document-document-comparisons-and-running-34l58ab9.png Fig. 4: Number of document-document comparisons and running time across a range of φ values. All figures are averages over 1000 queries from the MSN 2006 query log. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-diversification-performance-across-the-wt09-wt10-and-3gxk1xii.png Table 1: Diversification performance across the WT09, WT10, and IT678 topics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-triangle-inequality-property-once-the-distances-d-20eepka0.png Fig. 1: The triangle inequality property. Once the distances δ(x, y) and δ(q, x) are computed, computing δ(q, y) for a query q with range r is unnecessary. https://scispace.com/papers/sparsity-and-persistence-in-time-frequency-sound-2c82cp7zgw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-decomposition-of-the-mamavatu-signal-into-two-1xpuifmn.png Figure 1. Decomposition of the mamavatu signal into two layers. Left: significance map of the transient layer using the Bernoulli M2 model. Right: significance map of the transient layer using the structured model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-correlation-matrices-of-the-fixed-time-analysis-q80m7gbz.png Figure 2. Correlation matrices of the fixed-time analysis coefficient vectors, estimated using the CEM algorithm: nontransient (left) and transient layers (right). https://scispace.com/papers/sparsity-based-multi-target-direct-positioning-algorithm-2veqp4pfgh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-computer-running-time-of-the-three-algorithms-23u32qee.png Table 2. Computer running time of the three algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effects-of-the-number-of-measurement-samples-on-the-2to5wmf6.png Figure 5. Effects of the number of measurement samples on the RMSE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-rmse-of-three-algorithms-under-the-different-snr-3ccswcqv.png Figure 6. RMSE of three algorithms under the different SNR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-basic-steps-of-the-traditional-localization-24kpoiep.png Figure 1. Basic steps of the traditional localization approach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-basic-steps-of-the-dpd-approach-3cs253v8.png Figure 2. Basic steps of the DPD approach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effects-of-the-number-of-measurement-samples-on-the-rjzgcw1m.png Figure 4. Effects of the number of measurement samples on the RMSE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulation-layout-of-an-experiment-area-2ryqibn7.png Figure 3. Simulation layout of an experiment area. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-four-error-measures-in-meters-for-three-algorithm-in-3d1r1na8.png Table 3. Four error measures (in meters) for three algorithm in a realistic environment. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-access-by-public-transport-and-likelihood-of-3ehvcukia5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variables-used-from-the-2012-2013-and-2014-cycles-of-3pf3hmrj.png TABLE 1 Variables used from the 2012, 2013, and 2014 cycles of CCHS 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-multilevel-mixed-effects-logit-regression-3upz9key.png TABLE 3 Results of multilevel mixed-effects logit regression model 8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-the-population-that-390qpbiu.png TABLE 2 Descriptive statistics of the population that consulted with a healthcare 1  professional at a hospital in past 12 months, CCHS 2012, 2013, and 2014 cycles 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-context-map-of-the-eight-metropolitan-regions-in-anb7oi8r.png Figure 1 Context map of the eight metropolitan regions in the study 2 https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-agglomeration-and-firm-exit-a-spatial-dynamic-1q5p52yn5b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimation-results-1tg2mpq3.png Table 3: Estimation results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-11do7yf9.png Table 1: Summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-quartile-distribution-of-exit-rates-by-province-1qnb5bhi.png Figure 1: Quartile distribution of exit rates by province https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-autocorrelation-matrix-12lqapov.png Table 2: Autocorrelation matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimation-results-by-technological-specialization-1a30fus7.png Table 4: Estimation results by technological specialization https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-and-kinematic-segregation-in-star-cluster-merger-52r19ofm3r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-density-profile-of-the-stars-from-individual-1ox3vm5q.png Figure 4. The density profile of the stars from individual GCs soon after a merger has occurred in simulation S1. Top: after 140Myr, the first three GCs have merged with GC2 being the most recent. Bottom: after 280 Myr, GC3 andGC4 have nowmergedwith GC4 being themost recent. For comparison, the dashed (blue) lines show a power-law relation with an exponent of −2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-velocity-dispersions-for-the-final-merger-remnant-16q5evou.png Figure 3. Velocity dispersions for the final merger remnant in simulation S1 at 1.09 Gyr and for the stars originating in each progenitor GC. Left: σR; middle: σφ ; right: σ z. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-simulation-s2-velocity-dispersion-profiles-in-1lrm2qgj.png Figure 14. Simulation S2 velocity dispersion profiles in cylindrical coordinates when the merger remnant contains 10 GCs (top), 20 GCs (middle), and 27 GCs (bottom). Profiles for the first five GCs to merge and the five most recently merged GCs are shown. Radial profiles are on the left, azimuthal profiles are in the centre, and vertical profiles are on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-density-profile-at-three-different-times-for-2oc6fz38.png Figure 13. The density profile at three different times for model 2. The panels show when 10 GCs (left), 20 GCs (centre), and 27 GCs (right) are in the merger remnant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-velocity-dispersion-profile-of-the-stars-16q6u56q.png Figure 5. The velocity dispersion profile of the stars originating from individual GCs after three GCs have merged (top) and after five GCs have merged (bottom) in simulation S1. σR is shown on the left, σφ in the middle, and σ z on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-briggs-figure-for-the-stars-from-different-gcs-in-w9w5uv92.png Figure 6. Briggs figure for the stars from different GCs in model 1. The direction of the angular momentum vector for each GC is indicated by the position of the symbol on the plot. Circles are values after three GCs have merged, squares after five GCs have merged, and triangles after six GCs have merged. The plot shows the values for stars inside of 4Re. We use the same colour code as in other figures: GC0 – blue; GC1 – green; GC2 – red; GC3 – cyan; GC4 – magenta; and GC5 – yellow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-surface-density-map-of-the-merger-remnant-from-2stgiw7t.png Figure 11. Surface-density map of the merger remnant from simulation S2 (run A1 of Hartmann et al. 2011) showing three orthogonal projections. The lower left-hand plot is face-on to the net angular momentum vector and the other two are perpendicular to it. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-evolution-of-the-surface-density-for-the-merger-3ueubn9j.png Figure 12. Evolution of the surface density for the merger remnant in simulation S2. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-and-temporal-beam-profiles-for-the-lhc-using-3qv95zoyfe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-apd-signal-after-correction-compared-to-the-true-ngfchn7v.png Figure 4. APD signal after correction compared to the true bunch shape, from simulation. Arrival rate is 90 photons per bunch, each bin is 50ps and integration time is 10s. Left, the detector is saturated and correction is unable to restore the true signal. Right, the detector is gated off in the central part of the bunch; the correction algorithm is then able to accurately portray the tails. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-performance-of-the-mpd-module-in-gated-mode-the-2nq2a6sa.png Figure 5. Performance of the MPD module in gated mode. The module is gated off for 80ns. If the pulse occurs when the detector is on, the response is normal; if it occurs when the detector is off it is completely hidden. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulated-performance-of-the-apd-and-correction-2n87m4n1.png Figure 3. Simulated performance of the APD and correction algorithm. Each bin is 50ps. The photon arrival rate is 0.5 per bunch and the deadtime is 195ns. The centre of the bunch is marked to show the skew of the raw APD signal towards the front of the bunch. After correction the signal exactly matches the true number of photons emitted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-number-of-visible-light-photons-emitted-by-3bwv2p91.png Figure 1. Average number of visible light photons emitted by each proton which passes through the magnets, as a function of proton energy. Upper line, all visible photons hitting the extraction mirror. Lower lines, visible photons available after passing through the window and reflection from 8 (dashed blue line) or 12 (black line) mirrors of the optics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-resp-increase-in-fals-card-b9zaqq7k.png Figure 2. Resp increase in fals card. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-and-semantic-regularities-produce-interactive-4tjzcvp77j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-results-of-steady-state-analysis-of-gaze-offsets-tc65jumq.png Figure 7. Results of steady-state analysis of gaze offsets. Panel A. Mean power-spectral density (PDS) plots of anticipatory gaze X positions in the four conditions with regular and nonRegular target locations (respectively dotted and continuous lines) and with regular and nonRegular identities (respectively blue and grey lines). The black circles indicate the power densities at the tagged frequency ftag = 1/3(trials−1). Panel B. Mean frequency tagged responses (FTR) of anticipatory gaze X in the four conditions (blue and grey bars respectively indicate regular and nonRegular identity). The Frequency Tagged Responses is defined here as the ratio between the power at ftag and the mean power in the closest four frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-panel-a-mean-variance-of-accumulation-rate-in-the-3nds9oko.png Figure 6. Panel A. Mean variance of accumulation rate in the nine cells from experimental conditions. Variance was higher for expected-identity than surprising-identity trials producing a main effect of Identity (see text). Panel B. Difference in SL quantiles between trials with expected and surprising identity. The difference increases from negative to positive values, indicating SL values were more dispersed when the identity transitions were expected. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-elater-estimated-accumulation-rates-panel-a-mean-2ug47wk2.png Figure 4. ELATER-estimated accumulation rates. Panel A. Mean accumulation rate for saccades to expected, surprising, and nonRegular locations (data are collapsed across levels of the Identity factor). Panel B. Mean accumulation rate for expected, surprising or nonRegular locations as function of whether identities were presented within statistically-regular or non-regular series. Two asterisks indicate significant pairwise differences with p < .001 (Bonferroni corrected). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-saccade-latencies-and-elater-estimated-iqbjlb8d.png Figure 3. Mean saccade latencies and ELATER-estimated accumulation rates in the nine experimental conditions. Panel A. Mean saccade latencies. The analysis of saccade latencies identified a main effect of Location and a main effect of Identity. Panel B. Mean accumulation rate. The analyses of accumulation rate revealed main effects of Location, Identity and an interaction between the factors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-design-panel-a-examples-of-the-four-types-of-2vd11h79.png Figure 1. Study design. Panel A. Examples of the four types of series used in the study. These were created by crossing the predictability of Location and Identity transitions within each series. Series with non-regular (nonRegular) transitions are presented in black. For series with regular transitions, expected trials are presented in green and surprising trials are presented in red. The blue ellipses highlight the nine types of experimental trials. Panel B. Mean number of trials, part participant, for each of the nine types of experimental trials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scatterplots-of-identity-costs-nonregular-vs-1uoyuerj.png Figure 5. Scatterplots of identity costs: nonRegular vs. surprising locations (grey squares, grey best fit line); expected vs. surprising locations (red circles, red best fit line). Identity costs are calculated as differences in accumulation rates and are in arbitrary units. We found similar correlations when defining identity costs as differences in saccade latencies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-setup-panel-a-timeline-panel-b-11bkq7g0.png Figure 2. Experimental setup.Panel A: Timeline. Panel B: Location of display elements. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-and-temporal-translocation-of-pkca-in-single-1e62e1yare 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-ca2-wave-and-pkc-kinetics-under-the-mechanical-2140xr3u.png Fig. 4 The Ca2+ wave and PKC kinetics under the mechanical stimulus when the C2 domain of 501 PKC was inhibited. 502 503 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-ca2-wave-and-pkc-kinetics-under-the-mechanical-7i5ek0mz.png Fig. 3 The Ca2+ wave and PKC kinetics under the mechanical stimulus when the C1 domain of 498 PKC was inhibited. 499 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-ca2-wave-and-pkc-kinetics-under-the-mechanical-1fnoy0nt.png Fig. 7 The Ca2+ wave and PKC kinetics under the mechanical stimulus when the extracellular 511 Ca2+ was removed. 512 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-ca2-wave-and-pkc-kinetics-under-the-mechanical-2j9o6yoo.png Fig. 2 The Ca2+ wave and PKC kinetics under the mechanical stimulus. 497 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-ca2-wave-and-pkc-kinetics-under-the-mechanical-3hyg061v.png Fig. 6 The Ca2+ wave and PKC kinetics under the mechanical stimulus when the MS channel 507 was inhibited. 508 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-characterization-of-the-pkc-dg-expressed-in-bovine-28wv5g8c.png Fig. 1 Characterization of the PKC–DG expressed in bovine aortic endothelial cells. 496 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-ca2-wave-and-pkc-kinetics-under-the-mechanical-1bhwuade.png Fig. 5 The Ca2+ wave and PKC kinetics under the mechanical stimulus when Ca2+ release from 504 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was inhibited. 505 506 https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-and-temporal-variation-in-community-composition-of-53dm8gcrbj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-abundance-species-richness-density-se-simpsons-d-se-146kyonk.png Table 2. Abundance, species richness, density (± SE), Simpson’s D (± SE) and Berger–Parker Dominance index (± SE) of insect communities on Neoboutonia macrocalyx for the five sampling dates in Kibale National Park. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-permanova-main-tests-for-differences-in-community-3tnphs2w.png Table 3. PERMANOVA main tests for differences in community composition of herbivorous insects on Neoboutonia macrocalyx among sampling sites, sampling dates and the interaction between sites and dates in Kibale National Park. Degrees of freedom (df), Pseudo Fvalue (Pseudo-F), permutational p-value (P), unique values of the test statistic obtained under 9999 permutations (Unique perms) and estimated components of variation are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-non-metric-multidimensional-scaling-ordination-of-1qmmso50.png Figure 2. Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination of the seven study sites during five sampling times (a) and the five sampling times at seven study sites (b) based on their herbivorous insect communities on Neoboutonia macrocalyx in Kibale National Park. Distances among centroids of sampling sites and dates were used. The stress value indicates that the ordination is a fairly good representation of the data. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-characterization-for-high-speed-railway-channels-43o980v4p2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-measurement-configuration-som4x118.png TABLE I MEASUREMENT CONFIGURATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cdfs-of-sc-in-the-viaduct-and-cutting-scenarios-2vczcn7s.png Fig. 4. CDFs of SC in the viaduct and cutting scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-the-obstructed-viaduct-scenario-left-and-3t6h1puu.png Fig. 1. Overview of the obstructed viaduct scenario (left) and deep cutting scenario (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distance-dependent-rms-as-in-viaduct-a-and-cutting-b-m6nua7p2.png Fig. 3. Distance-dependent RMS AS in viaduct (a) and cutting (b) scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-varying-aoa-in-viaduct-a-and-cutting-b-scenarios-3szqs45o.png Fig. 2. Time-varying AOA in viaduct (a) and cutting (b) scenarios. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-competition-between-shopping-centers-51s02l7p9z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-possible-demand-scenarios-30nexiij.png Figure 1: Possible demand scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-joint-profits-at-each-extreme-of-the-city-2ow6y9kq.png Table 1: Joint profits at each extreme of the city. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-climate-and-ploidy-factors-drive-genomic-diversity-23y3r0cnj7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-locations-and-genetic-diversity-indices-for-sampled-19rjp6i6.png Table 1. Locations and genetic diversity indices for sampled populations. TMAX = maximum 884 temperature of the warmest month; PSEAS = precipitation seasonality; Hs = heterozygosity 885 within populations; GIS = inbreeding coefficient; AN = number of alleles; CP = predicted 886 chromosome number. 887 https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-development-of-the-largest-russian-cities-during-the-23qn9vjt6x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-proportion-of-outskirts-neighborhoods-in-the-total-b1wp5j5u.png Fig. 5. The proportion of outskirts neighborhoods in the total volume of housing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-relationship-of-time-series-of-the-population-3szlqstg.png Fig. 2. The relationship of time series of the population growth and the volume of construction of new apartment houses (%% by 1991) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-dynamics-of-housing-construction-in-the-central-v00x3lid.png Fig. 4. The dynamics of housing construction in the central part of Ekaterinburg https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-allocation-of-the-housing-construction-in-the-post-son4y0bp.png Fig. 3. Allocation of the housing construction in the post-Soviet period by zone at the different distance from the city center https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-moscow-density-profiles-in-different-years-3-petrov-o3i1483u.png Fig. 1. Moscow density profiles in different years 3 (Петров, 1988). https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-dimension-of-externalities-and-the-coase-theorem-4yf3m73hn0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-value-of-production-systems-and-potential-d1ogh7gg.png Figure 2 Value of production systems and potential technology adoption https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-co-existence-the-governance-problem-1ojfzwjx.png Figure 1 Co-existence: the Governance Problem https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-adjustment-strategies-under-the-liability-regime-2hx7jdid.png Figure 5 Adjustment strategies under the liability regime https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-adjustment-strategies-under-no-liability-regime-31ar4z2q.png Figure 4 Adjustment strategies under no liability regime https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-liability-rules-values-and-technology-adoption-1lux0c5y.png Figure 3: Liability rules, values and technology adoption https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-dispersion-in-two-dimensional-plasmonic-crystals-37atfun90s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-holey-metal-film-with-thickness-t-of-space-30ra0qn4.png FIG. 1. (a) A holey metal film with thickness t of space-modulated, frequency-dependent permittivity ε1 (using bulk gold properties from tabulated experimental data) is investigated; see inset. The lattice constant is a and separates air holes of radius r . A substrate with ε2 supports the structure. The local crystal limit, see Refs. [16,17], with a = 400 nm, r = 114.5 nm, t = 250 nm, and ε2 = 2.25 is shown. At this film thickness, no nonlocal response is noted. (b), (c) For a symmetric environment (ε1 = 1) the homogeneous film limit (r → 0) is demonstrated; see Ref. [42]. (b) At vanishing parallel momentum local and nonlocal theory coincide (no longitudinal waves supported in a homogeneous film at k‖ = 0). (c) For high enough parallel momentum, the homogeneous film shows nonlocal optical response. (d) Reducing the film thickness to t = 150 nm and t = 100 nm reveals resonance shifts and reduced intensities in the optical response induced by nonlocal effects in the crystal structure. (e) The film thickness is varied for two angles of incidence and the position of the lowest order transmittance peak is shown. Sizable resonance shifts are found for t 50 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparing-the-a-reflection-and-corresponding-density-dff3fbcz.png FIG. 3. Comparing the (a) reflection and corresponding density of optical states spectra and (b) the shift in peak positions as a function of hole separation for local and nonlocal plasmonic crystals using k‖ = 10π/a,r = 0.2a,t = 250 nm and in (a) for constant a = 100 nm for experimental data of gold. The reflected modes B and C are strongly impacted in the nonlocal theory at this high parallel momentum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-d-example-of-reflected-field-distributions-for-a-t-3p7buspg.png FIG. 2. (a)–(d) Example of reflected field distributions for a t = 150 nm crystal at normal incidence and λ = 660 nm (reflection maxima). (a), (b) Real and (c), (d) imaginary parts of the z component of the electric field associated with the (a), (c) reflected local field, just outside of the front interface of the crystal, and (b), (d) nonlocal contributions calculated from Eq. (9b) just inside the crystal. (e) Real and (f) imaginary part of the eigenvalues kz (local) and qz (nonlocal) of the respective wave equations in comparison to the homogeneous thin film analytics. The crystal structure allows for a large penetration depth of nonlocal contributions (provision of modes with strongly reduced imaginary part) which makes nonlocal effects more prominent in crystal structures than in homogeneous films. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-band-structure-calculated-from-the-reflection-vic4dwa1.png FIG. 4. Band structure calculated from the reflection coefficient |r|2 for the (a) local and (b) nonlocal crystal with a Drude model for Au ( b = 9) for clarity, t = 10 nm, and other parameters as in Fig. 1(d). Corresponding homogeneous slab calculations are shown as insets. The guiding lines indicate the nondispersive local modes seen in (a). These modes correspond to the ones found in Fig. 3 for experimental data of gold, whereby mode A is suppressed with the fully complex background permittivity. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-distribution-of-weed-diversity-within-a-cereal-field-4tpiibo9pd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-estimated-parameters-from-the-model-fitting-of-1124enxi.png Table II. Estimated parameters from the model fitting of semivariograms for richness, diversity and evenness indices in 2001, 2002 and 2003. SD: Spatial Dependence index. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-contour-maps-of-species-richness-diversity-and-3fxz8czj.png Figure 1. Contour maps of species richness, diversity and evenness of the seed bank in 2001, 2002 and 2003. Species richness, diversity and evenness were not homogeneous throughout the field, and their distributions were not constant over time. Diversity and evenness became more variable from 2001 to 2003, although the average values underwent oscillations. See more details in the text relating to the stability of their spatial distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-species-of-the-weed-seed-bank-their-density-in-seeds-2bzt0fzw.png Table I. Species of the weed seed bank, their density in seeds per m−2 with standard errors (SE) between brackets and their relative abundance (in%) for each year. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-distribution-of-oil-in-groundnut-and-sunflower-seeds-2sagvr82yh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1h-nmr-images-of-transverse-section-of-commercial-98tcnz52.png Figure 5. [1H] NMR images of transverse section of commercial variety of groundnut seed. Left: water image; right: oil image. The field of view was 12·0 mm and, the read, phase and slice gradients were 9·79, 5·45 and 14·09 G/cm respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemical-shift-selective-spin-echo-single-slice-300q69lk.png Figure 1. Chemical shift selective spin echo single slice pulse sequence. Gread, Gphase and Gslice are the corresponding gradients. P1 and P4 are the chemical shift. selective 90° pulse and slice selective 180° pulse respectively. D1, D3, D9, D2 and AQ describe repetition, phase encoding, echo time and gradient stabilization delays and data acquisition time respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1h-nmr-spectra-of-intact-seeds-a-groundnut-tmv-2-b-3uw4i3o5.png Figure 2. [1H ]NMR spectra of intact seeds, (a) Groundnut TMV-2. (b) Groundnut Girnar-1. (c) Commercially procured variety of groundnut, (d) Sunflower seed Morden. *, Water, olefinic protons and β-glyceride group. +, 4 glyceride protons. o, Fatty acid chain CH2 protons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-horizontal-and-vertical-sections-of-the-1h-nmr-oil-2hauvypj.png Figure 3. Horizontal and vertical sections of the [1H] NMR oil images of two varieties of groundnut viz., TMV-2 (two top rows) and Girnar-1 (two bottom rows). First row: from left to right respectively the images are from the slice 5·5, 4·0, 2·5 and 1·0 mm below the centre of the seed. Second row: from left to right, the respective images are from the slices at the centre and those 1·0 and 2·5 mm above the centre. The extreme right image on the second row is due to the central vertical section. Third row: from left to right, the respective images are 5·5, 4·0, 2·5 and 1·0 mm below the centre. Fourth row: the extreme left image is due to central cross section and the next two images are from slices at 2·5 and 4·0 mm above the centre. The extreme right image is due to central vertical section. The field of view was 12 mm and the read, phase and slice gradients used were 9·79, 5·45 and 14·09 G/cm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-horizontal-and-vertical-sections-of-the-1h-nmr-oil-doom4kwk.png Figure 4. Horizontal and vertical sections of the [1H]NMR oil images of a Morden variety of sunflower seed. First row: from left to right, the images are from 2·5 and 1·0 mm below the centre. The next image is of the central cross section and the extreme right image is due to the slice 1·0 mm above the centre. Second row: the respective images are 2·5, 3·5 and 4·0 mm above the centre. The extreme right image of this row is the central vertical cross section. The field of view was 6·0 and 10·0 mm for the transverse and vertical slices respectively. The read, phase and slice gradients were 11·75, 6·54 and 14·09 G/cm respectively for transverse sections and 19·58, 10·90 and 14·09 G/cm, respectively for the vertical slice. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-ecology-of-the-coachwhip-masticophis-flagellum-2l8ipynf95 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-telemetry-locations-denoted-by-filled-circles-of-26rqv39c.png Figure 4. Telemetry locations (denoted by filled circles) of nine Coachwhips (336 relocation points), and available macrohabitats on the study area. Relocations of telemetered snakes were clustered in the oak savanna macrohabitat. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-standard-deviation-for-microhabitat-variables-6sttldi6.png Table 1. Mean ± standard deviation for microhabitat variables at Coachwhip locations and random points within Coachwhip home ranges. The last column represents the results of twoway mixed-model ANOVAs comparing the snake locations to random points (see Methods: Data analysis). A significant difference was defined as P < 0.05 and is designated by an asterisk. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-of-the-study-area-coachwhip-mcp-home-2gxw7lyu.png Figure 1. Percentage of the study area, coachwhip MCP home range, and coachwhip location points within each of three macrohabitat types. Above each bar is the mean ± SD. Macrohabitat use at two scales is demonstrated: (1) available habitat in the study area compared to habitat in snake home ranges, and (2) available habitat in snake home ranges compared to snake location points. At both scales, oak savanna was used more than the other two macrohabitats, based on availability. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-standard-deviation-of-four-categories-of-ground-hbzlrz9f.png Table 2. Mean ± standard deviation of four categories of ground cover at snake locations and random points within snake home ranges. The columns sum to 100%. Compositional analysis indicated that these microhabitat features were not used in proportion to their availability (λ = 0.253, P < 0.05). A significant difference (as determined by pairwise t-tests) in usage by coachwhips is indicated by cells in the second column not having at least one superscript in common; thus, coachwhip locations contained more herbaceous vegetation greater than 30 cm tall than bare ground or herbaceous vegetation less than 30 cm tall, based on the availability of these microhabitats. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-home-ranges-of-nine-coachwhips-in-hectares-mcp-sft4ixtj.png Table 4. Home ranges of nine Coachwhips (in hectares). MCP = minimum convex polygon; HM = harmonic mean; ADK = adaptive kernel. All 336 data points (24–62 per snake) gathered April–October were included in these calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-and-range-of-movements-in-meters-for-seven-3ri5qmd5.png Table 3. Mean and range of movements (in meters) for seven Coachwhips tracked from 7 July to 10 September. Movement frequency, minimum (Min), and maximum (Max) movement distance (in meters) also are listed. See Methods for definition of overall movement rate (OMR) and actual movement rate (AMR). https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-distributions-of-cone-inputs-to-cells-of-the-3t68yvk5lz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tuning-curves-for-the-two-ganglion-cells-of-fig-2-for-12m7wo7a.png Fig. 4. Tuning curves for the two ganglion cells of Fig. 2 for luminance and chromatic modulation (upper panels) and the cone-isolating conditions (middle panels). As in Fig. 2, the data have been contrast normalized. The phase plots in the the lower panels refer to the phase difference between the responses to the M and L-cone-isolating gratings and show a 180 deg phase difference. The inset figures indicate the inverse cosine transform of the response amplitude data for the different conditions. For the cell in A, the single cone transforms show sharp peaks set on a broad pedestal. For the cell in B, the curves resemble more closely those expected of a pair of Gaussian distributions. Solid curves are the fits for a model described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sketches-of-receptive-field-structure-the-receptive-309an50z.png Fig. 1. A, Sketches of receptive field structure. The receptive field center mechanism is thought to derive from a single cone, but the surround may derive from a single cone type or from a mixture of both cone types. The spatial profile is usually considered as a DOG. B, Hypothetical spatial frequency curves for a DOG profile for luminance modulation. The BPI is defined as R0∕Rmax. C, With a cone-selective surround, the spatial frequency tuning curve for a cone-isolating grating targeting the center cone class alone is expected to be low-pass in shape. D, With a mixed surround, a bandpass tuning curve is expected for a cone-isolating grating targeting the center cone class, but with a lesser degree of low spatial frequency roll-off compared to a luminance grating. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-parvocellular-lgn-tuning-curves-for-two-example-3814wjo5.png Fig. 5. Parvocellular LGN tuning curves for two example neurons. A, D, Responses to luminance and chromatic gratings; B, E, responses to L- and M-cone-isolating gratings. All data were obtainedwith 20% cone contrast. C, F, These phase plots refer to the phase difference between the M- and Lcone responses for spatial frequencies where there was a response above the spontaneous for both L- and M-cone-isolating stimuli. There is a 180 deg phase difference at the low spatial frequencies, indicating opponency. The insets in B and E indicate the inverse cosine transform of Gaussian mechanisms fit to the tuning curves for the different conditions. Solid curves through the spatial frequency tuning data are the best fits of a DOG model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spatial-frequency-tuning-curves-for-luminance-gratings-1vdmta2b.png Fig. 2. Spatial frequency tuning curves for luminance gratings and gratings isolating the receptive field center cone class for A, two midget ganglion cells and B, two LGN parvocellular cells. Responses for the retinal ganglion cells have been scaled relative to 30% cone contrast. Responses of the parvocellular cells were for ~20% contrast. The degree of bandpass shape for luminance varies from cell to cell, but for the gratings isolating the center cone class the curves have a low-pass shape. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-examples-of-tuning-curves-from-a-neuron-with-a-notch-27r823fe.png Fig. 6. A, Examples of tuning curves from a neuron with a “notch” effect for one of the cone-isolating conditions (upper panel). The L-cone tuning curve is low-pass, but the M-cone shows a tuning curve with a minimum (arrow), followed by a further peak; such notches were associated with a phase change (>90 deg). Curves indicate fits of a DOG model. However, tuning curves for luminance and chromatic gratings were poorly predicted. Further details are in the text. B, Eccentricity distribution of ganglion cells; those showing a notch feature were at eccentricities of 10 deg or above. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-distributions-of-bpilum-for-luminance-gratings-and-eth84cfw.png Fig. 3. A, Distributions of BPIlum for luminance gratings and for the gratings isolating the receptive field center cone class (BPIcc) for populations of midget ganglion cells and of parvocellular LGN cells show considerable similarity. For luminance there is much variability of BPIlum, with some cells showing little low-spatial-frequency roll-off (BPIlum 1). B, Comparisons of BPIlum and BPIcc for the two cell samples on a cell-by-cell basis. The solid curves represent the relationship between the BPI for luminance and the center cone expected if the M∶L ratio were 1∶1. See the text for the derivation. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-effects-in-energy-efficient-residential-hvac-1eq2ef2ahi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-zoned-heating-and-zoned-a-c-adoption-2-124jyyrp.png Figure 1. Map of zoned heating and zoned A/C adoption 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-spatial-lag-regression-results-for-the-full-sample-1-16ret6pg.png Table 3. Spatial lag regression results for the full sample 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-spatial-lag-regression-results-for-the-new-30o4eq3d.png Table 5. Spatial lag regression results for the new-construction sample 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-spatial-lag-regression-results-for-the-repeat-2cvbs74l.png Table 4. Spatial lag regression results for the repeat-observations sample 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-1-jg4pj0gy.png Table 2. Descriptive statistics 1 https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-egalitarianism-as-a-social-counter-movement-on-socio-3d959uo94v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-a-geo-historical-overview-of-key-socioeconomic-3mozdlu9.png Table I A geo-historical overview of key socioeconomic developments in Chongqing https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-around-here-1qotwnyo.png Table 2 around here https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-fixed-capital-investments-and-gdp-in-chongqing-2oz2w60u.png Figure 3.1 Fixed Capital Investments and GDP in Chongqing, 1949-2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-emergent-characteristics-of-chongqings-public-1btknpzj.png Table III Emergent characteristics of Chongqing’s public rental housing provision https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-key-characteristics-of-evolving-hukou-reforms-in-6dknk5r3.png Table II Key characteristics of evolving hukou reforms in Chongqing https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-around-here-1dto5120.png Table 3 around here https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-equity-and-cultural-participation-how-access-32ca4we4ug 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-predicted-probabilities-for-attending-museums-and-1jhv1r65.png Figure 3: Predicted probabilities for attending museums and galleries in London https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-attending-museums-and-galleries-in-1wt22pxo.png Figure 2: Percentage attending museums and galleries in London https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-logistic-regression-model-attending-museums-in-34gy7277.png Table 2: Logistic regression model, attending museums in London > once a year https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-london-museums-and-galleries-and-accessibility-kbtxaike.png Figure 1: London Museums and Galleries, and Accessibility Index https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-logistic-regression-model-results-attending-a-museum-9l4gmaqz.png Table 1: Logistic regression model results, attending a museum/gallery in London Log likelihood = -3646.72 Pseudo R2= 0.178 n=6411 https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-estimation-of-outdoor-no2-levels-in-central-london-3pmbmicpvl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-the-collected-hourly-no2-inc1mxov.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics of the collected hourly NO2 concentration data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-wavelet-decomposition-of-a-subset-of-the-collected-39d49l6f.png Figure 7: Wavelet decomposition of a subset of the collected NO2 time series data, s(t); D1 to D4 represent the detailed coefficients, and A4 the coarse approximation of s(t) on the fifth level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-forecasting-results-for-ken-site-lvtq6i3e.png Figure 14: Forecasting results for KEN site. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-forecasting-results-for-cam-site-129jmqlh.png Figure 15: Forecasting results for CAM site. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-forecasting-results-for-blm-site-mcaencjx.png Figure 16: Forecasting results for BLM site. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-forecasting-results-for-wst-site-1rvhgrph.png Figure 17: Forecasting results for WST site. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-framework-of-the-proposed-spatio-temporal-2nut34ez.png Figure 10: The framework of the proposed spatio-temporal forecasting model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-optimal-hidden-layer-configurations-of-the-both-27yuy6ui.png Table 7: Optimal hidden layer configurations of the both plain and wavelet-based MLP models. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-heterogeneity-in-resources-alters-selective-dynamics-54vbk9cnsz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimates-and-significance-of-treatment-contrasts-fks7wezc.png Table 4: Estimates and significance of treatment contrasts among white1 and vestigial1 mutations for three general linear mixed models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-selection-coefficients-for-each-mutant-type-2jtzc47a.png Figure 4: Mean selection coefficients for each mutant type across the three environmental treatments. Estimates were created from allele frequency data, error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-anova-outputs-for-fixed-effects-of-four-general-sdn5fl70.png Table 1: ANOVA outputs for fixed effects of four general linear mixed models produced from the six mutant types across the three treatment types. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-purging-rates-across-the-five-environmental-hw87i0ty.png Figure 5: Left: Purging rates across the five environmental treatments for each mutant. Data points and error bars represent mean mutant frequency and standard deviation across the three replicates. Confidence bands represent 95% confidence intervals for our generalized linear mixed model. Right: Treatment contrasts for each mutant type based on model estimates. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-purging-rates-across-the-three-environmental-69umk3rl.png Figure 3: Left: Purging rates across the three environmental treatments for each mutant. Data points and error bars represent mean allele frequency and standard deviation across the three replicates. Confidence bands represent 95% https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-purging-rates-across-the-three-environmental-2kz4zvzf.png Figure 2: Left: Purging rates across the three environmental treatments for each mutant. Data points and error bars represent mean mutant frequency and standard deviation across the three replicates. Confidence bands represent 95% confidence intervals for our generalized linear mixed model. Right: Treatment contrasts for each mutant type based on model estimates. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-and-significance-of-treatment-contrasts-20x3e4s9.png Table 2: Estimates and significance of treatment contrasts among the six mutation types for four general linear mixed models https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-anova-outputs-for-fixed-effects-of-three-general-34fn8rqm.png Table 3: ANOVA outputs for fixed effects of three general linear mixed models produced from the two mutant types across the five treatment types. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-functional-principal-component-analysis-with-1uox9868cf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-1-risk-attitude-parameters-for-the-17-subjects-236p8hnu.png Figure C.1: Risk attitude parameters for the 17 subjects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-the-recovery-of-vlpfc-and-ains-by-ph1-s-parietal-2ozyf50u.png Figure 3.1: The recovery of VLPFC and aINS by φ̂1(s), Parietal Cortex by φ̂4(s), IOFC by φ̂5(s), and DLPFC by φ̂8(s), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-5-the-spearmans-and-kendalls-rank-correlations-for-2s3iz7d6.png Table 3.5: The Spearman’s and Kendall’s rank correlations for the out-ofsample prediction of the models with the selected variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-the-newly-deleted-variable-and-the-corresponding-buc5pezr.png Table 3.2: The newly deleted variable and the corresponding AIC of the model in each step by backward regression with incorporating ςj . https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-the-actions-taken-in-the-bi-directional-selection-2p8yo6nv.png Table 3.3: The actions taken in the bi-directional selection and the corresponding AIC of the model in each step. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-the-newly-deleted-variable-and-the-corresponding-2s2piues.png Table 3.1: The newly deleted variable and the corresponding AIC of the model in each step by backward regression with νj . https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-the-actions-taken-in-the-bi-directional-selection-1ghbj6j3.png Table 3.4: The actions taken in the bi-directional selection and the corresponding AIC of the model in each step. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-mismatch-in-fish-and-coral-loss-following-2016-mass-2ltenxo6nw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-spatial-mismatch-in-cyanobacteria-and-fish-losses-a-2na4uqfc.png Figure 6. Spatial mismatch in cyanobacteria and fish losses. a) Percent cover of cyanobacteria across individual matched quadrats. Values represent differences between the first sampling period in January 2016 (pre-bleaching) and the second sampling period in April 2016 (peak of bleaching). b) Changes in the abundance of reef fishes within individual quadrats in April 2016 (peak bleaching) and c) in October 2016 (post-bleaching), compared to January 2016 (pre-bleaching). Dashed lines: 95 % confidence interval. Insert photograph shows invasion of cyanobacteria on bleached encrusting Montipora. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-photograph-series-of-the-same-quadrat-following-2aj7diy7.png Figure 1. A photograph series of the same quadrat following our sampling methodology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temporal-variation-in-live-coral-cover-and-reef-3kkr7eih.png Figure 2. Temporal variation in live coral cover and reef fishes following mass coral bleaching at Lizard Island, Australia. Changes in a) coral cover, b) fish abundance and c) fish species richness, sampled before, during and after mass bleaching. Total coral includes all nominal coral-like taxa (orders: Scleractinia, Helioporacea, Alcyonacea, Corallimorpharia; class: Hydrozoa - Millepora spp.), presented as relative cover (i.e. percent cover remaining of the original cover). Fish values represent absolute values. Asterisks represent significant differences in comparison to the first sampling period, ** = P < 0.001, * = P < 0.05. Fish and and coral changes d) before, e) during and f) after coral bleaching. Note the complete loss of Acropora but the coral-associated Dascyllus aruanus remain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spatial-mismatch-in-fish-and-acropora-losses-1txx90nz.png Figure 5. Spatial mismatch in fish and Acropora losses. Changes in a) the percent cover of Acropora, b) total fish abundance and c) damselfishes (Chromis viridis, Pomacentrus moluccensis, Neopomacentrus azysron) across individual matched quadrats before (January 2016) and after (October 2016) mass bleaching. Dashed lines: 95 % confidence interval. Insert photographs show an Acropora colony before and after (dead) mass bleaching. Note the fish in the insert photographs, particularly the coral associated Chromis viridis in the foreground and Dascyllus reticulatus in the background of the after photo. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-response-of-39-reef-fish-species-to-mass-coral-3d3bl7xw.png Figure 3. Response of 39 reef fish species to mass coral bleaching. Values represent total changes in the abundance of each species 6 months post-bleaching (October 2016), compared to the initial sampling period in January 2016 (values based on 133 m 2 of quadrats). Only species with 5 or more individuals are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-heliopora-coral-colony-photographed-a-before-309bdjqz.png Figure 7. A Heliopora coral colony photographed a) before (January 2016) and b) after (October 2016) mass bleaching, showing an increase in the abundance of Chromis viridis between sampling periods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-coral-and-fish-community-change-in-response-to-mass-37k2g6ku.png Figure 4. Coral and fish community change in response to mass bleaching. Canonical Analysis of Principal coordinates (CAP) analysis of a) coral and b) reef fishes, showing shifts in assemblages over time; Coloured symbols represent sampling periods, before (dark blue triangle), during (light blue circle) and after (red square) mass bleaching. Vectors on both CAPs were calculated following a multiple correlation model; only taxa with a correlation coefficient > 0.15 are displayed. Note the dramatic change in coral composition with the loss of Acropora and the absence of such a change in fish composition. Photographs show transformation of soft corals (Sarcophyton) and corymbose Acropora over time: c) prebleaching (intact), d) during peak bleaching (bleached; covered in cyanobacteria), and e) post-bleaching (absent; dead). Red arrows highlight changes in an Acropora colony over time, from live, smothered by cyanobacteria then covered in turf algae. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-information-transfer-in-hippocampal-place-cells-41x6gxcpvx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-models-showing-sharp-place-field-firing-and-signature-x5lzrmww.png Fig. 3. Models showing sharp place-field firing and signature intrinsic characteristics exhibited wide parametric variability and weak pair-wise correlations among underlying parameters. Pairwise scatter plot matrix of parametric values defining the 127 valid models superimposed on the corresponding correlation oefficient matrix. Inset shows the histogram of all the correlation coefficient values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-quantification-of-the-reduction-in-spatial-information-xoo37f9t.png Fig. 7. Quantification of the reduction in spatial information transfer as a consequence of enhanced trial-to-trial variability, imposed as an additive Gaussian white noise (AGWN) in place-cell models. (A) Idealized representation of stimulus-specific information (SSI) as a function of time, illustrating the various metrics eveloped here for quantifying spatial information transfer in place cell models. (B–G) SSI metrics for the population of valid models depicting the impact of three evels of noise on the first (B, SSI1) and second (C, SSI2) peaks of SSI, the full width half maximum of the SSI profile (D, SSIFWHM), the ratio of the first peak-to-center istance to the center-to-second peak distance (E, SSI dRatio), the difference between the SSI value at the place field center to the peak SSI value (F, SSI dip) and the difference between the location of SSI1 and SSI2 (G, SSI d). (H–N) Same as (A–G) for mutual information profiles of the valid model population. AGWN σnoise values: ow: 5×10–4 Hz2 , Medium: 1×10–3 Hz2 , High: 5×10–3 Hz2 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-intrinsic-somatodendritic-measurements-of-ca1-2vv902hg.png Table 2 Intrinsic somatodendritic measurements of CA1 pyramidal neurons and their electrophysiological bounds for validating models. Bounds on intrinsic somatodendritic functional maps and firing rate measurements were derived from electrophysiological recordings reported in Malik, Dougherty, Parikh, Byrne, and Johnston (2016), Narayanan et al. (2010), Narayanan and Johnston (2007, 2008) and Spruston et al. (1995). Bounds on place-cell tuning sharpness are relative in nature, where cells with high firing rate and low FWHM were selected (Basak & Narayanan, 2018, 2020). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-subset-of-models-generated-through-a-stochastic-ymp8gmjm.png Fig. 2. A subset of models generated through a stochastic search process showed sharp place-cell tuning and manifested signature somatodendritic intrinsic measurements of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Out of 12000 randomly generated models, 127 satisfied 20 intrinsic somatodendritic measurements and manifested harply-tuned place field firing. (A–G) The intrinsic measurements for the 127 valid models are shown: input resistance (Rin , A), maximum impedance amplitude |Z |max , B), resonating frequency (fR , C), strength of resonance (Q, D), total inductive phase (ΦL , E) and backpropagating action potential (bAP) amplitude (F), each of them at three locations (soma, ∼150 µm from soma and ∼300 µm from soma) on the apical trunk; and the firing rate for step currents of 100 pA, 150 pA, 200 pA and 250 pA at the soma (G). (H) A typical place-field firing profile illustrating the measurement of maximum firing rate (Fmax) and the temporal distance between the places with half the maximum value of firing rate (FWHM). A relative criterion on tuning sharpness, involving high Fmax (>56 Hz) and low FWHM (<2.5 s), was pplied to obtain the 127 valid place-cell models (out of the 12000 randomly generated models). (I–J) Place field firing measurements Fmax and FWHM at the soma or the 127 models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-enhanced-trial-to-trial-variability-imposed-as-an-2cw0pwri.png Fig. 9. Enhanced trial-to-trial variability, imposed as an additive Gaussian white noise (AGWN), reduced spatial information transfer in models with asymmetric place-field firing. (A–I) Firing rate profiles (A–C), stimulus specific information (SSI) profiles (D–F), and mutual information profiles (G–I) as functions of time, shown for low (plots on the left), medium (plots in the middle), high (plots on the right) levels of AGWN. AGWN σnoise values: Low: 5×10–4 Hz2 , Medium: 1×10–3 Hz2 , igh: 5×10–3 Hz2 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-heterogeneous-impact-of-enhanced-trial-to-trial-33ycce7w.png Fig. 6. Heterogeneous impact of enhanced trial-to-trial variability on spatial information transfer in place cells. (A) Top, Illustration of the measurements SSIpeak nd SSIslope . SSIpeak depicts the SSI value at the location where the place-field firing profile (F ) is at its peak, and SSIslope represents the SSI value at the location where the absolute slope of the place-field firing profile, ⏐⏐ dF dt ⏐⏐, is at its peak. Bottom, Traces from four representative models showing the heterogeneity in the evolution of SSIpeak/SSIslope as a function of enhanced trial-to-trial variability. (B–C) There were broadly two classes of models, one where the SSIpeak was low even at high oise levels (B; several representative examples shown in red), and another where SSIpeak was the highest SSI when noise level was high (C; several representative xamples shown in blue). (D) Peak firing rate (left) and FWHM (right) of the two classes of model subpopulations. The rectangles besides each plot represent the espective median value. σnoise = 5×10–3 Hz2 . p values provided correspond to the Wilcox rank sum test. (E–H) Principal component analyses on the parameters underlying the two classes of models shown in B (red) and C (blue). Shown are the coefficients associated with these model parameters with reference to the first three principal components. The percentage variance explained by each principal component is provided within parentheses in panel H.. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-minimal-impact-of-enhanced-activity-dependent-trial-2qch4yuj.png Fig. 11. Minimal impact of enhanced activity-dependent trial-to-trial variability, imposed as a multiplicative Gaussian white noise (MGWN), on spatial information transfer. (A–F) SSI metrics for the population of valid models depicting the impact of three levels of noise on the first (B, SSI1) and second (C, SSI2) peaks of SSI, the full width half maximum of the SSI profile (D, SSIFWHM), the ratio of the first peak-to-center distance to the center-to-second peak distance (E, SSI dRatio), the difference between the SSI value at the place field center to the peak SSI value (F, SSI dip) and the difference between the location of SSI1 and SSI2 (G, SSI d). (G–L) Same as (A–F) for mutual information profiles of the valid model population. MGWN variance values: Low: 0.01 Hz2 , Medium: 0.1 Hz2 , High: 0.5 Hz2 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-quantification-of-the-reduction-in-spatial-15uwqjw1.png Fig. 10. Quantification of the reduction in spatial information transfer as a consequence of enhanced trial-to-trial variability, imposed as an additive Gaussian white noise (AGWN) in models with asymmetric place-field firing. (A–F) SSI metrics for the population of valid models depicting the impact of three levels of noise on the first (A, SSI1) and second (B, SSI2) peaks of SSI, the full width half maximum of the SSI profile (C, SSIFWHM), the ratio of the first peak-to-center distance to the center-to-second peak distance (D, SSI dRatio), the difference between the SSI value at the place field center to the peak SSI value (E, SSI dip) and the difference between the location of SSI1 and SSI2 (F, SSI d). (G–L) Same as (A–F) for mutual information profiles of the valid model population. AGWN σnoise values: Low: 5×10–4 Hz2 , Medium: 1×10–3 Hz2 , High: 5×10–3 Hz2 . https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-modeling-of-river-bank-shifting-and-associated-lulc-2p0zehcgct 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-lulc-changes-maps-of-the-years-a-1972-b-1987-c-1998-d-32qbz1ic.png Fig. 7: LULC changes maps of the years (a) 1972, (b) 1987, (c) 1998, (d) 2008, (e) 2020, (f) predicted 2020, (g) predicted2025, (h) predicted2035, and (i) predicted2045. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-multiplex-in-downlink-multiuser-multiple-antenna-1qukgg8x9y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-histograms-of-the-number-of-active-users-over-100-3sr0ro17.png Fig. 3. Histograms of the number of active users over 100 random realizations of the channel. Top-left, top-right, bottom-left and bottom-right figures correspond to the cases of 2, 4, 8 and 16 transmit antennas respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-number-of-active-users-vs-the-number-of-transmit-2keesieb.png Fig. 2. The number of active users vs the number of transmit antennas over random realizations of the channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-vector-broadcast-channel-oz4emia7.png Fig. 1. The vector broadcast channel https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-pattern-induced-by-asymmetric-competition-a-modeling-4o2lhkqlh1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-variation-of-the-greatest-distance-of-repulsion-k5tcip1u.png FIGURE 7. Variation of the greatest distance of repulsion (rmax) with ρ. Five values of ρ have been tested, namely 0.045, 0.09 which is the value of ρin the model, 0.135, 0.18 and 0.27 m.cm−1. For each value, 20 (100 for ρ = 0.09m.cm−1) simulation runs have been conducted. For each run, rmax is estimated by comparing Ripley’s K function calculated on the pattern of trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm with the envelopes of 100 simulations of a Poisson process. One boxplot represents the distribution of the 20 (or 100) values of rmax for a given value of ρ. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-definitions-and-estimates-of-parameters-in-linear-8oney08j.png TABLE 2. Definitions and estimates of parameters. In linear regression, 95% confidence intervals are obtained by assuming the normality of residuals; in nonlinear regression, approximate 95% confidence intervals are obtained by linearizing the regression function near the estimate; the 95% confidence interval of λ is obtained by application of the central limit theorem. Numbers in parentheses indicate Pearson correlation coefficient between observed and predicted variables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-departure-from-randomness-of-the-spatial-pattern-on-1gmgduo0.png FIGURE 6. Departure from randomness of the spatial pattern on stand number 1 of Paracou trials (left plot) compared with simulations (right plot). Consider the spatial pattern defined by all trees larger than a diameter given on the vertical axis. Its Ripley’s K(r) function is summarized by the corresponding horizontal strip, as in Figure 5: black indicates regularity, grey indicates clustering. In the right plot (model runs), regularity or clustering is indicated if at least 20 out of 100 simulations show it. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-equations-f9q19sm8.png TABLE 1. Model equations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-height-versus-diameter-points-represent-field-data-20v1jxmo.png FIGURE 2. Height versus diameter: points represent field data (591 trees); the line is the best fit H = φ(D) when varying θ and γ; the shaded area represents the envelope of a simulated plot (4392 trees). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-normalized-lai-distribution-as-simulated-by-the-2dzvlxni.png FIGURE 4. Normalized LAI distribution, as simulated by the model (plain line) compared to field measurements (barplot). Normalized LAI distribution is obtained from a sample of 591 trees. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-height-left-plot-and-diameter-right-plot-3b4wcnle.png FIGURE 3. Height (left plot) and diameter (right plot) distributions, as simulated by the model (plain lines) compared to field measurements (barplots). Height distribution is obtained from a sample of 591 trees. Diameter distribution is estimated from a sample of 46476 trees. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-annual-probability-of-death-as-a-function-of-1h8526go.png FIGURE 1. Annual probability of death as a function of diameter. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-narratives-in-museums-and-online-the-birth-of-the-4a9g0zqae4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-annotated-map-of-the-archaeological-site-of-delos-2kdp8pic.png Figure 3: Annotated map of the Archaeological site of Delos Edition sponsored by the Hellenic Republic, Ministry of Culture and the European Community (3rd CSF 2000-2006) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-vestibule-with-copy-of-the-mosaic-of-the-goddess-1wvqjiy8.png Figure 2: Vestibule with copy of the mosaic of the goddess Tanit, House of the Dolphins, signed by Phoenician Asclepiades of Arados in Delos, Cyclades. Original mosaic is preserved in the museum of Delos, Cyclades. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-papposelenos-from-the-temple-of-dionysus-in-the-2kvq1hfb.png Figure 1: Papposelenos from the Temple of Dionysus in the museum of Delos, Cyclades (2nd BCE) https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-navigation-model-based-on-chaotic-attractor-networks-2jlj7jcdgp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-multiple-t-maze-used-by-blodgett-place-1-2god7v5e.png Figure 17. Multiple T-maze used by Blodgett. Place 1 represents the starting location and place 19 represents the goal location. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-goal-oriented-navigation-using-the-hippocampal-2q7djr8q.png Figure 10. Goal-oriented navigation using the hippocampal KIII model. The simulated organism reaches the goal from different starting positions: (a) upper left corner; and (b) lower left corner. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ratio-of-good-and-bad-moves-for-different-sizes-of-2nvmmunz.png Table 1. Ratio of good and bad moves for different sizes of the sensory horizon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-two-levels-where-good-and-bad-moves-are-counted-3kf2i1q6.png Figure 16. Two levels where good and bad moves are counted. Level 1, black squares; level 2, black circles. Thin lines represent the grid and thick lines represent the obstacle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-experimenter-led-the-dogs-on-the-path-ca-ac-cb-jajkpae7.png Figure 11. The experimenter led the dogs on the path CA-AC-CB-BC to show that food was located at place A and place B (left). Then, during the test trial (middle and right), the dogs were left to retrieve the food. Once they reached place A they shortcut directly to place B. Adapted from Chapuis (1988). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagram-of-the-kii-model-it-contains-two-excitatory-2rzs6bvf.png Figure 1. Diagram of the KII model. It contains two excitatory (white circles) and two inhibitory (grey circles) K0 units. The signed arrows denote positive or negative connections. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-pattern-of-trees-influences-species-productivity-in-2eh4hxgiix 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameter-estimates-of-the-spatially-explicit-2smwrpse.png Table 3 Parameter estimates of the spatially explicit individual growth model (see Eq. 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dendrometric-features-of-the-initial-stand-used-in-3b7drrqq.png Table 4 Dendrometric features of the initial stand used in simulations (stand area = 1 ha). For girth, the value in parentheses corresponds to the standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-l-function-and-intertype-l-function-calculated-with-3r9fal57.png Fig. 4 L function and intertype L function calculated with 1000 simulations of Type 1 and Type 2 mixtures. For the intraspecific L function, L(r) less than 0 indicates spatial regularity, L(r) greater than 0 indicates spatial aggregation. For the intertype L function, L(r) less than 0 indicates spatial repulsion between the two species, L(r) greater than 0 indicates spatial attraction between the two species. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-decomposition-of-the-productivity-variability-for-oak-349qnsnw.png Fig. 3 Decomposition of the productivity variability for oak and pine following Equation (3). The different sources of variability are: type of mixture (Type), spatial point pattern within the type (PP), plot random effect (Plot), and tree random effect (Tree). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dendrometric-characteristics-of-the-nine-plots-used-3kwnk2r1.png Table 1: Dendrometric characteristics of the nine plots used for growth models (Orléans Forest, France). BA = basal area; Other = other broadleaf tree species; D = mean diameter at a height of 130 cm; Age = mean age of the cored trees at a height of 130 cm; Ho = dominant height. Only the height of the sample trees was measured. The dominant height was estimated with a measure of the dominant diameter and a height-diameter relationship fitted for each species and each plot using the sample trees; PP = type of spatial pattern, 1 = patchy mixture, 2 = intimate mixture, 3 = intermediate type with cluster of pines and oaks randomly scattered; For diameters and ages, values represent the mean with the standard deviation in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-productivity-comparison-between-the-two-mixture-types-8asgx0p2.png Fig. 2 Productivity comparison between the two mixture types for oak and pine. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-patchy-mixture-type-1-simulated-with-the-point-1gwps5p6.png Fig. 1 a) Patchy mixture (Type 1) simulated with the point process models; b) Intimate mixture (Type 2) simulated with the point process models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-in-the-point-process-models-nclsp-number-3gi4075i.png Table 2 Parameters in the point process models. nclsp = number of aggregates for species sp; rclsp = radius of aggregates for species sp; dreg = distance of regularity which corresponds to the minimum distance allowed between pines; drep = repulsion distance between oaks and pines; und = oak understory; dattr = distance of intraspecific attraction between understory oaks and canopy oaks. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-patterns-in-the-distribution-of-tropical-tree-54wf5exycy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-six-tropical-forest-dynamics-plots-that-have-been-yc5349vj.png Table 1. Six tropical forest dynamics plots that have been fully censused at least once. Underlined census year is the one used in this report. Dry season months gives the number per year with mean rainfall , 100 mm. dbh, diameter at breast height. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-median-aggregation-index-v0-10-across-species-in-1h00y2sl.png Table 2. Median aggregation index, V0–10, across species in various abundance categories in the six large plots. Number of species within each abundance category is listed under spp. Last row gives overall median V0–10 for all species with at least 50 individuals at each plot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-results-of-protein-dna-photo-crosslinking-experiments-230pg0em.png Fig. 1. Results of protein-DNA photo–crosslinking experiments. (A) Representative data. TBFR, transcription-complex intermediate containing RNAPII, TBP, IIB, IIF, and promoter DNA (18); TBFRE, TBFR plus IIE; TCC, transcriptionally competent complex, consisting of TBFR plus IIE and IIH; TCC 1 ATP, transcriptionally competent complex after ATP-dependent CTD phosphorylation and promoter melting. RPB1 and RPB1-Pn denote forms of the largest subunit of RNAPII having unphosphorylated CTD and phosphorylated CTD, respectively. Data are shown for positions 22, 15, 113, and 121 of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relative-neighborhood-density-vx-as-defined-in-the-2c3swbao.png Fig. 1. Results of protein-DNA photo–crosslinking experiments. (A) Representative data. TBFR, transcription-complex intermediate containing RNAPII, TBP, IIB, IIF, and promoter DNA (18); TBFRE, TBFR plus IIE; TCC, transcriptionally competent complex, consisting of TBFR plus IIE and IIH; TCC 1 ATP, transcriptionally competent complex after ATP-dependent CTD phosphorylation and promoter melting. RPB1 and RPB1-Pn denote forms of the largest subunit of RNAPII having unphosphorylated CTD and phosphorylated CTD, respectively. Data are shown for positions 22, 15, 113, and 121 of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-maps-for-species-also-used-in-fig-1-small-3v3h4r2s.png Fig. 3. Distribution maps for species also used in Fig. 1. Small circles, trees of 1 to 9.9 cm diameter; open circles, trees of $10 cm diameter. Grid squares 5 1 ha. Vatica clumps follow ridges at Lambir. Rinorea clumps at BCI do not correlate with any known canopy, topographic, or soil feature, and the patches are probably due to limited seed dispersal (seeds disperse from exploding capsules). Shorea follows ridge tops at Sinharaja, and Eugenia is very rare at Sinharaja, but most individuals are close to several conspecifics. Additional maps published elsewhere (32, 33) illustrate many cases of habitat and dispersal limited patchiness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-aggregation-index-v0-10-the-relative-density-of-3cc1cfrb.png Fig. 2. Aggregation index (V0–10, the relative density of conspecifics within 10 m of focal trees) for all species with $100 individuals at three plots, as a function of the abundance of each species, on a log-log scale. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-polarization-of-the-ecological-footprint-16fjfulvx6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-local-distribution-concentrations-lower-inequality-1ex2tdir.png Figure 2. Local distribution concentrations lower inequality and increase polarization https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-polarization-of-ef-per-capita-according-to-egr-23h8yvd9.png Table 1. Polarization of EF per capita according to EGR family of indices https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-description-of-the-zk-indices-for-the-exogenous-29uskoe8.png Table 4. Description of the ZK indices for the exogenous groups: average EF per capita (in relative terms) and relative population of each group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-density-functions-of-relative-ef-per-1fu68z07.png Figure 3. Comparison of density functions of relative EF per capita 1961–2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evolution-of-cross-country-inequality-and-27mrx2l7.png Figure 5. Evolution of cross-country Inequality and polarization (1961=100) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-the-endogenous-groups-egr-indices-2imh8gfr.png Table 2. Description of the endogenous groups' EGR indices: average EF per capita (in relative terms) and relative population of each group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-density-functions-of-relative-ef-per-capita-for-3cay4v74.png Figure 6. Density Functions of relative EF per capita for years 1961, 1980 and 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-exogenous-polarization-as-measured-by-zk-index-for-2e7cyk9p.png Table 3. Exogenous polarization as measured by ZK index for World Bank income classification and decomposition of changes by logarithmic differences https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-power-profiling-method-using-visual-information-in-2sv852t1ay 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-29-cerenkov-difference-above-core-with-a-blockage-in-illqbzdx.png Figure 29 Cerenkov difference above core with a blockage in channel 4,4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cerenkov-detection-in-different-viewpoints-with-50-3ipa7pbp.png Table 1 Cerenkov detection in different viewpoints with 50% block in south side of channel at core midplane https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-diagonal-x-y-vs-z-cross-section-showing-2-of-the-au2brd1a.png Figure 6 Diagonal X/Y vs Z cross section showing 2 of the pins and the cylindrical region of the channel being tallied. (Left) color corresponds to materials so that the coolant and fuel pins can be seen. (Right) the red region corresponds to one axial segment being tallied, while the yellow region contains the other 15 axial segments tallied in separate MCNP runs. The green region shows the bottom of the column of water above the channel where the Cerenkov detection plane is located, 2m above https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-axial-xy-cross-section-of-the-triga-core-2umwumow.png Figure 3 Axial (XY) cross section of the TRIGA core. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-absolute-cerenkov-difference-when-inserting-the-biz8r7eb.png Figure 13 Absolute Cerenkov difference when inserting the transient rod to a position of 20 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagram-of-cerenkov-production-directions-with-zrli2el4.png Figure 1 Diagram of Cerenkov production directions, with Cerenkov photons shown in blue [43] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-33-diagram-demonstrating-the-effect-that-a-partial-2yzf604h.png Figure 33 Diagram demonstrating the effect that a partial block in different locations within the channel has on the offset viewpoints located on the same side and on the opposite side of the channel from the blockage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-32-pin-geometry-and-square-channel-approximation-m3yw0r19.png Figure 32 Pin geometry and square channel approximation using four offset viewpoints, one in the direction of each neighboring pin. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-risk-premium-on-weather-derivatives-and-hedging-1645pkpgro 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-estimated-parameters-of-ar-p-for-paris-rome-c3i5hmbe.png Table 7: Estimated Parameters of AR(p) for Paris, Rome, Stockholm https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimated-parameters-of-seasonality-2-for-paris-rome-270dwqhz.png Table 4: Estimated Parameters of seasonality (2) for Paris, Rome, Stockholm https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimated-parameters-of-ar-p-for-amsterdam-barcelona-14azc1i7.png Table 5: Estimated Parameters of AR(p) for Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-estimated-parameters-of-seasonality-lt-and-ar-3-for-az09dbjc.png Table 10: Estimated parameters of seasonality Λt and AR(3) for Leipzig https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-estimated-parameters-of-gwr-indicate-significance-on-37uiw9kh.png Table 9: Estimated Parameters of GWR. ∗∗ indicate significance on ≤ 1% level, ∗ – on 5% and ◦ – on 10%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-temperature-seasonality-top-left-seasonal-variation-3tnwu23t.png Figure 6: Temperature seasonality (top left), seasonal variation (top right), eigenfunctions of temperature variation for Leipzig (bottom left), left plot and predicted risk premium (black line) in comparison to risk premia of Berlin (grey), bottom right https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-parameters-of-seasonality-2-for-amsterdam-s1bmsvcc.png Table 2: Estimated parameters of seasonality (2) for Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-parameters-of-seasonality-2-for-essen-14dt6sqw.png Table 3: Estimated Parameters of seasonality (2) for Essen, London, Paris https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-relationships-between-natural-resources-and-land-use-33qgsgmvl2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-soil-texture-weights-on-forest-to-pasture-family-hlfh9fbo.png Fig. 5. Soil texture weights on forest to pasture/family agriculture transition in small landholding area. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-soil-texture-weights-on-pasture-agriculture-transition-2wlwbgoa.png Fig. 4. Soil texture weights on pasture-agriculture transition in mechanized agriculture area. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-small-landholding-areas-3u33dkbc.png Fig. 3. Small landholding areas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-area-of-mechanized-agriculture-lundzcm2.png Fig. 2. Area of mechanized agriculture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-study-area-1s8a0xse.png Fig. 1. Study area. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-presence-in-real-and-remote-immersive-environments-2rd6a8quwo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-general-setting-of-participants-left-in-the-2em16aj7.png Figure 1: (Top) General setting of participants (Left) In the operating room. (Right) In the teleoperating room. (Bottom) First person view of participants. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-scale-determines-how-the-morphological-diversity-22zgxy4deu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-surveyed-reaches-on-the-clarillo-river-870-a9mmnmvw.png Table 1. The surveyed reaches on the Clarillo River. 870 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-and-mqi-values-of-the-clarillo-river-3238redo.png Table 2. Characteristics and MQI values of the Clarillo River segments along the entire 871 network. The detailed morphological and ecological surveys were conducted on segment 872 8 (A), 7 (B), and 4 (C). 873 https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-segregation-and-migration-in-the-city-of-athens-1v820fpwds 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographic-structure-for-greek-eu-and-non-eu-3sp7giii.png TABLE 2 Demographic structure for Greek, EU, and non‐EU citizens in A https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-ace-index-for-different-occupational-structures-of-35q2vshi.png TABLE 7 ACE index for different occupational structures of immigrant groups in Athens, 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-dissimilarity-index-for-different-occupational-gos6r1z9.png TABLE 6 Dissimilarity index for different occupational structures of imm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-differences-in-occupational-structure-for-the-non-3fzhq7bz.png FIGURE 2 Differences in occupational structure for the non‐EU and EU migrant‐status groups in Athens between 2001 and 2011. Source: Greek Census (2001, 2011) and authors' calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-indices-for-urban-residential-segregation-for-non-eu-adq7isu9.png TABLE 3 Indices for urban residential segregation for non‐EU and EU ci https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-occupational-distribution-of-total-labour-market-in-32n7m6b9.png TABLE 4 Occupational distribution (%) of total labour market in Athens https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evolution-of-the-spatial-segregation-process-within-1213i7dv.png TABLE 1 Evolution of the spatial segregation process within the metrop https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ethnic-structure-of-immigrants-in-attica-region-1j5uk6zj.png FIGURE 1 Ethnic structure of immigrants in Attica region (2011). Source: Greek Census 2011 and authors' calculations. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-structure-in-invasive-alliaria-petiolata-reflects-3vcm0h5j7t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-555-parameter-estimates-from-spatial-regression-2hah29zs.png Table 3 555 Parameter estimates from spatial regression predicting rosette Rt and adult density At as a 556 function of environmental filtering, propagule pressure and life-stage interactions. 557 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-583-1f1tr4qx.png Fig. 2 583 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-551-ecological-processes-and-measured-variables-2df97iys.png Table 2 551 Ecological processes and measured variables known to be relevant to processes 552 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-546-fits-of-the-dispersal-kernels-models-transect-2r7frln5.png Table 1 546 Fits of the dispersal kernels models (transect probability density functions) for Alliaria petiolata; 547 models are ranked on the basis of the AICc. 548 https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-smoothing-techniques-for-the-assessment-of-habitat-26e9f9gqrw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-for-each-of-the-guilds-the-table-1u7da5yv.png Table 2: Summary Statistics: For each of the guilds, the table contains results for a parametric model (GLM) and two semiparametric spatial models (GRF and P-Spline). The columns of the table display minus twice the log-likelihood (-2l), the effective degrees of freedom (df), Akaikes information criterion (AIC) and the generalised cross validation criterion (GCV). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fixed-effects-for-guild-3-in-a-purely-parametric-and-2p3kh7pv.png Table 3: Fixed Effects for guild 3 in a purely parametric and a semiparametric spatial model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spatial-effects-estimated-spatial-effects-in-a-1mnz8rvx.png Figure 3: Spatial Effects: Estimated spatial effects in a purely spatial model for guild 2 (first row) and in semiparametric spatial models for guilds 3 and 4 (second and third row). The diameter of the circles is proportional to the number of observed birds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bivariate-nonparametric-smoothing-with-b-splines-a-1ifo8hp4.png Figure 2: Bivariate nonparametric smoothing with B-splines: A single tensor product B-spline basis function and a set of such basis functions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-univariate-nonparametric-smoothing-with-b-splines-1vn0adhe.png Figure 1: Univariate nonparametric smoothing with B-splines. In Figure (c) the dashed line represents the true curve and the solid line the corresponding B-spline estimate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-environmental-variables-abbreviation-description-36wufgjc.png Table 1: Environmental variables: Abbreviation, description, range, source and inventory area. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-statistics-and-influencing-factors-of-the-epidemic-1k5qkv4x8b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hotspot-getis-ord-gi-analysis-results-of-the-number-t2wz7lsm.png Figure 4. Hotspot (Getis-Ord Gi*) analysis results of the number of cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases at the prefecture level in Hubei province on (a) 19 January 2020, (b) 28 January 2020, (c) 8 February 2020, and (d) 18 February 2020. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hotspot-getis-ord-gi-analysis-results-of-the-number-a9emuddi.png Figure 4. Hotspot (Getis-Ord Gi*) analysis results of the number of cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases at the prefecture level in Hubei province on (a) 19 January 2020, (b) 28 January 2020, (c) 8 February 2020, and (d) 18 February 2020. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cont-cyzvbn6z.png Figure 4. Hotspot (Getis-Ord Gi*) analysis results of the number of cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases at the prefecture level in Hubei province on (a) 19 January 2020, (b) 28 January 2020, (c) 8 February 2020, and (d) 18 February 2020. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-hotspot-analysis-getis-ord-gi-results-of-the-yf199oh2.png Figure 7. Hotspot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*) results of the cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases at the county level in Hubei province on (a) 30 January 2020, and (b) 18 February 2020. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-global-spatial-autocorrelation-analysis-results-of-e4oxp6xp.png Figure 2. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis results of the number of the cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases at the prefecture level nationwide in China from 19 January to 18 February 2020. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-global-spatial-autocorrelation-analysis-results-of-2wnkcydh.png Figure 2. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis results of the number of the cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases at the prefecture level nationwide in China from 19 January to 18 February 2020. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-the-study-area-location-administration-and-1r0dvx52.png Figure 1. Map of the study area (location, administration, and transportation). Figure 1. Map of the study area (location, administration, and transportation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-global-spatial-autocorrelation-analysis-results-for-2d1bnst1.png Figure 5. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis results for the cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases at the county level in Hubei province from 30 January to 18 February 2020. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-super-resolution-of-a-diffusion-field-by-temporal-37l7jx96j3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-any-choice-of-the-spatial-super-resolution-factor-s-x-1g0a5h82.png Fig. 1. Any choice of the spatial super-resolution factor s(X ) and temporal sample number K in the dark-gray region is achievable with stable sampling. By contrast, any combination in the light gray region is unachievable, as a result of Corollary 1. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-variability-of-co-2-uptake-in-polygonal-tundra-n-24r0l00b8u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-the-co2-flux-estimation-during-snowmelt-3d1d6tok.png Figure 2. Example of the CO2 flux estimation during snowmelt. (a) Ogive on 31 May 2015 at 15:00 LT showing a mismatch between low and high frequencies. While ogive optimization estimates a net CO2 release, EddyPro (with and without spectral corrections after Moncrieff et al., 1997, 2004) indicates an uptake. Average horizontal wind speed 5.2 m s−1 from NW (313◦), air temperature 4.5 ◦C, quality flag 0. The arrows on the top indicate the corresponding timescales. (b) Photo of the environment around the flux tower on 27 May 2015 at 12:00 LT during snowmelt. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-the-site-in-adventdalen-coordinates-in-utm-3nr4fn9v.png Figure 1. Map of the site in Adventdalen (coordinates in UTM zone 33X). The red cross marks the EC tower, around which the contour lines indicate the area’s relative contribution to the EC signal (footprints) averaged over June 2015. Six automatic flux chambers are located in the NW footprint (bright dots). (a) Ortho-rectified aerial photograph from the end of June 2015. (b) Corresponding surface elevation with an estimated vertical uncertainty of 0.2 m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-series-of-images-of-the-adventdalen-site-1iabh82c.png Figure 5. Time series of images of the Adventdalen site showing little sign of differential ground subsidence, which would indicate icewedge degradation. The image from 2015 is the same as shown in Fig. 1, while historical photographs were provided by the Norwegian Polar Institute (reference numbers S48-5181, S61-3301, and S90-5273). The images from 1948 and 1961 were taken on panchromatic film, and the image from 1990 is a near-infrared (false color) photograph. The red cross marks the EC tower. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-growing-season-nee-light-response-curves-based-on-o65ievjx.png Figure 4. Growing season NEE light response curves based on the ogive optimization method. (a) Examples from the time window around 18 August 2015 from the two distinct footprints. (b) Time series of dark respiration parameters. (c) Corresponding graph for light-use efficiency. The shaded bands indicate the statistical standard error in the parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gap-filled-nee-fluxes-for-2015-a-fingerprint-plot-19anpttw.png Figure 3. Gap-filled NEE fluxes for 2015. (a) Fingerprint plot of ogive optimization results. (b) Corresponding cumulative sums based on all valid measurements (black) and separately gap filled for the two footprints (colored). The probability distributions shown on the right indicate the estimated uncertainty in the annual sum due to data gaps and gap filling. The dashed line marks the time during snowmelt when daily average albedo dropped below 0.3 (27 May 2015). https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-variability-of-trace-elements-in-allotment-gardens-5i1r4o6ber 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-soil-samples-collected-sampling-and-metal-content-1k0lfa20.png Table 2 Soil samples collected, sampling and metal content analysis methodology used for each city https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-box-plots-of-trace-element-concentrations-cd-cu-cr-ni-1gckn6h4.png Fig. 2 Box plots of trace element concentrations (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn) in urban allotment garden surface soils of a Lisbon (Portugal) and b Nantes (France) (median value, percentiles (25 and 75 %), minimum and maximum values, standard error) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-continued-12any04f.png Fig. 3 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-continued-2lnss2e3.png Fig. 3 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-metal-content-within-garden-sites-in-a-ayr-craigie-n-8-iav2mzbu.png Fig. 3 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-selection-of-major-elements-and-trace-element-1hgdtb2y.png Table 4 Selection of major elements and trace element content (city scale) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-selection-of-basic-soil-properties-at-city-scale-1xz8xdyg.png Table 3 Selection of basic soil properties at city scale https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-continued-sbca7ctk.png Fig. 1 (continued) https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-variability-of-nutrient-stocks-in-the-humus-and-3rmppwox8y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-statistics-g-cm-3-of-external-validation-for-the-3b274bl0.png Table II. Statistics (g.cm−3) of external validation for the soil density prediction model (Belkacem et al., 1998) tested for the Fougères Forest and related to soil types. Statistics are presented firstly for all depths and then for the 5–15, 30–45 and 60–70 levels (cm). The mean error (Mean error) is the mean of the differences between the observed soil density and the estimated soil density. The root mean square error (RMSE) is presented too. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-statistics-of-nutrient-stocks-for-the-100-points-1vlwkvle.png Table IV. Statistics of nutrient stocks for the 100 points, related to the sampling classes. Means (kg.ha−1) are presented for humus and 0–70 cm soil stocks. Confidence intervals are given in parenthesis. On a table line, significant differences between classes are indicated by different letters (Tukey test at 95% level). For detailed information about classes, see Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-pearson-correlations-for-each-nutrient-between-3cg201r7.png Table III. Pearson correlations for each nutrient, between total nutrient stocks in the humus and exchangeable or available nutrient stocks in the 0–5 cm and 0–15 cm soil layers. Pearson correlations are calculated on the 100 sample sites. Significant correlations at the 0.05 level are indicated by the symbol (*). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-means-of-stocks-of-dry-material-t-ha-1-and-means-of-21j3xpr9.png Figure 2. Means of stocks of dry material (t.ha−1) and means of total element contents (g.kg−1) in humus related to sampling classes. Means which differ significantly between classes are indicated by different letters (Tukey test at 95% level). Confidence intervals are represented by vertical bars. For detailed information about classes, see Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-means-of-the-nutrient-stocks-kg-ha-1-contained-in-21kn8vrb.png Figure 3. Means of the nutrient stocks (kg.ha−1) contained in soils, related to levels (cm) and sampling classes. Confidence intervals are represented by horizontal bars. Sampling classes 1 to 5 (n = 90) corresponded to Alocrisols-Néoluvisols while class 6 (n = 10) corresponded mainly to Colluviosols-Fluviosols (8 sites for a total of 10 sites in this class). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-the-sampling-strategy-presentation-of-the-6-7ljzmu03.png Figure 1. Map of the sampling strategy: presentation of the 6 sampling classes and the 2 soil types related to the 100 sampling points (92 Alocrisols-Neoluvisols and 8 Colluviosols-Fluviosols). There were 20 points in each broad-leaved trees class (class 1 to 4), 10 points for the class of coniferous trees (class 5) and 10 points for the hydromorphic zones (class 6). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-means-of-phw-effective-cation-exchange-capacity-ecec-w7p89u11.png Table I. Means of pHw, effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC; cmol+.kg−1), base saturation (BS; %) and percentage of aluminium (Al3+; %) on the soil exchange complex, related to soil types and soil depth (cm), for the 100 sample points of the Fougères Forest. Confidence intervals are given in brackets. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-variability-of-reactive-mineral-and-radionuclide-kd-22pbmlwyv6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-11-comparisons-of-mica-smectite-and-zeolite-alr-mean-2gmlaosi.png Table 7-11. Comparisons of mica, smectite, and zeolite ALR mean and standard deviation in RMFs for different XRD methods. Italicized values are inaccurate or not analyzable (NA) as https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-10-dklog-distributions-for-ni-in-tcu-rmfs-as-12lw0cva.png Figure 8-10. { }dKlog distributions for Ni in TCU RMFs as determined from “S” data and application of mean component additivity coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-8-frequency-distribution-of-log-percentage-of-glass-2rdsyeee.png Figure 6-8. Frequency distribution of log percentage of glass for all XRD data in TCU. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-4-comparison-of-measured-and-simulated-alr-and-f7cx1jz0.png Figure 10-4. Comparison of measured and simulated ALR and reactive mineral percentage frequency distributions for mica, smectite, and zeolite in the OSBCU Zeolitic RMF. Top row is measured ALR, which is compared to 10,000 simulated ALRs in second row. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-11-number-of-data-pairs-for-lateral-direction-lags-3i9tw0p6.png Figure 9-11. Number of data pairs for lateral direction lags using “F” data and 5 pair minimum. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-basic-statistics-for-log10-reactive-mineral-2n60wttk.png Table 4-4. Basic statistics for log10[reactive mineral percentage] in ARG RMC, with zero-valued data assigned log10 value of -2. Values in parenthesis are for non-zero data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3-basic-statistics-for-reactive-mineral-percentages-8bsq6mkw.png Table 4-3. Basic statistics for reactive mineral percentages in ARG RMC. Values in parenthesis are for non-zero data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-12-number-of-data-pairs-for-lateral-direction-lags-371a7g8f.png Figure 9-12. Number of data pairs for lateral direction lags using “S” data, 100 m lag spacing, and 5 pair minimum. https://scispace.com/papers/spatially-aware-expectation-maximization-spaem-application-48wnu1hwci 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-quantitative-results-of-prostate-segmentation-from-366uqxvv.png Figure 3. Quantitative results of prostate segmentation from a cohort of 6 patients, using SpAEM and EM parameter estimation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-intensity-and-texture-features-used-y9xnwzb9.png Table 2. Description of intensity and texture features used for prostate segmentation in TRUS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-synthetic-trus-image-generated-as-described-in-luzjl2yb.png Figure 6. (a) Synthetic TRUS image generated as described in Section 5.2.2, (b) Comparing CVM of prostate and background using SpAEM and EM for estimating the parameters of synthetic TRUS images. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-notation-used-throughout-this-paper-1bpxc2i0.png Table 1. Description of notation used throughout this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dice-coefficients-for-prostate-segmentation-in-apex-33o1di00.png Figure 2. Dice coefficients for prostate segmentation in apex, midgland, and base of prostate, respectively, using SpAEM and EM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spatial-prior-probability-of-prostate-segment-in-59w7ekvr.png Figure 1. Spatial prior probability of prostate segment in TRUS image, calculated by averaging over 43 pre-segmented prostate masks using equation (1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dice-values-versus-different-values-of-a-for-36b134le.png Figure 4. Dice values versus different values of α for segmentation of the prostate in apex, midgland and base when L = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-variance-of-a-estimated-mean-and-b-estimated-35p7ra3r.png Figure 5. The variance of (a) estimated mean and (b) estimated variance versus the portion of pixels used for parameter estimation. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-variation-in-reproduction-in-southern-populations-of-48s414d0p6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-ci-se-for-paphies-ventricosa-at-four-sites-2rfxfj4e.png Figure 4. Average CI (±SE) for Paphies ventricosa at four sites along Oreti Beach, New Zealand, during four months in 2012. Significant differences in the pooled CI among sites within each month are indicated by lower case lettering. https://scispace.com/papers/spatially-clustered-resources-increase-aggregation-and-49b6drow0v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-effect-of-food-resource-spatial-distribution-on-58ji66yj.png Figure 2. The effect of food resource spatial distribution on the duration of subsequent copulation. Means (black dot) and 95% confidence intervals of copulation duration (seconds). Sample sizes: clustered 49 (11 males did not mate), control 44 (16), dispersed 51 (9). In total, 159 of 180 males (88.3%) courted the female. There was no significant effect of treatment on the proportion of males that courted (generalized linear model with binomial errors and plate nested within treatment; χ2 = 118, p = 0.376). Similarly, 144 (80%) of males mated, and this was not influenced by treatment (χ2 = 175, p = 0.286). Neither the latency to start courting (F2,39.3 = 0.201 p = 0.818) nor the latency to start copulation (F2,30.4 = 1.257, p = 0.299), differed significantly among the three treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-inter-fly-distance-mean-of-6-pairwise-1wiof2vn.png Figure 1. Mean inter-fly distance (mean of 6 pairwise distances between 4 focal flies per plate, averaged across 11 replicate plates) over time. Black = control treatment (evenly distributed food); red = clustered food patches; blue = dispersed food patches. Bars show standard errors of the mean for each time https://scispace.com/papers/spatially-dispersive-surface-modes-on-interfaces-of-layered-226rsjj65m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dispersion-curves-of-tm-surface-modes-on-the-1bnw8bli.png FIGURE 2. Dispersion curves of TM surface modes on the interface with the effective media (red dashed curves) and layered structures (black curves). Blue dashed line is the light line. Gray are defined by εo = 0. Purple curve corresponds to the dispersion curve given by Eq. (1) of SPP at the interface between half spaces with εd and εm. (a) Virtual SPP (ρ = 0.2) and (b) usual SPP (ρ = 0.6) in Maxwell Garnett approximation. (c) Regular order (σ > 0), ρ = 0.2, (d) reverse order (σ < 0), ρ = 0.2, (e) reverse order (σ < 0), ρ = 0.6 and (f) regular order (σ > 0), ρ = 0.6 for the HMM within the second order OEMA. Plasma frequency ωp = πc/(2d) corresponds to vacuum wavelength λp = 4d, permittivity of dielectric slab is εd = 4, and permittivity of dielectric half space is ε = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketch-of-the-system-under-consideration-the-space-3j5af0x2.png FIGURE 1. Sketch of the system under consideration: the space is filled with isotropic dielectric (z < 0) and layered hyperbolic metamaterial (z > 0). (a) Regular order, i.e. metallic layer is adjacent to semi-infinite dielectric. (b) Reverse order, i.e. dielectric layer is adjacent to semi-infinite dielectric. (c) Schematic of homogenization procedure of a bi-layered periodic structure characterized by the permittivities ε1 and ε2. https://scispace.com/papers/spatially-encoded-2d-and-3d-diffusion-ordered-nmr-2leilvojqk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spen-2d-dosy-a-pulse-sequence-for-spen-2d-dosy-the-1z0tg2og.png Fig. 2 SPEN 2D DOSY. (a) Pulse sequence for SPEN 2D DOSY. The selected coherence transfer pathway is shown in red. Gradients a and b are crushers surrounding the refocusing chirp pulses; gradient c selects the anti-echo pathway for the stimulated echo; gradient f is a spoiler during longitudinal storage; g1,g2 and g3 are compensating gradients. (b) 2D spectroscopic imaging data set obtained with the SPEN 2D DOSY experiment on a mixture of 3 alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol) and an amino-acid (L-valine), at a concentration of ~100 mM in D2O. (c) Diffusion decay curve obtained from the data set shown in (b), for the methanol CH3 resonances at 3.2 ppm. The best fit-curve for the modified Stejskal-Tanner equation is shown in red with D = 12.5 x 10-10 m2.s-1 (d) 2D DOSY display obtained from the data set shown in (b), the average diffusion coefficients are 18.4 x 10-10 m2.s-1 for water, 12.5 x 10-10 m2.s-1 for methanol, 10.3 x 10-10 m2.s-1 for ethanol, 8.5 x 10-10 m2.s-1 for propanol and 6.1 x 10-10 m2.s-1 for L-valine. The water peak is folded and indicated by an asterisk. The 1H pulse-acquire spectrum is shown above the DOSY display. The experiment was carried out with a 600 MHz spectrometer equipped with a triple-axis gradient high-resolution probe. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spatially-encoded-diffusion-ordered-spectroscopy-a-100x2x7v.png Fig. 1 Spatially encoded diffusion-ordered spectroscopy. (a) Schematic SPEN DOSY pulse sequence; Δ is the time that elapses between the centres of the chirp pulses. (b) Simulated 1D MR image of a sample after the SPEN DOSY pulse sequence with (blue) and without (black) translational diffusion with D = 8 x 10-10 m2.s-1. (c) Diffusion decay curves extracted from the 1D MR image, shown together with the best-fit curve obtained using a modified Stejskal-Tanner equation (Eq. 3), which yields D = 7.98 x 10-10 m2.s-1. A model that neglects diffusion during the chirp yields D = 7.86 x 10-10 m2.s-1. A model that assumes an instantaneous flip during the chirp yields D = 7.82 x 10-10 m2.s-1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spen-3d-dosy-a-pulse-sequence-for-spen-cosy-dosy-b-f-21idw5m9.png Fig. 3 SPEN 3D DOSY. (a) Pulse sequence for SPEN COSY DOSY. (b-f) COSY-type spectra obtained as slabs of the 3D (D, δdirect ,δindirect) dataset resulting from DOSY processing. The selected range in D is shown in each panel. The slice of the (z, δdirect, δindirect) dataset with the lowest diffusion gradient area is shown in (g). The experiment was carried out with a 600 MHz spectrometer equipped with a triple-axis gradient high-resolution probe. https://scispace.com/papers/spatially-distributed-tactile-feedback-for-kinesthetic-5ctlut79hk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pose-used-for-calibration-of-motion-capture-system-1f5ryeb9.png Figure 4: Pose used for calibration of motion capture system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-block-diagram-of-system-configuration-3jdv6vts.png Figure 3: Block diagram of system configuration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-time-lapse-view-of-the-user-moving-his-or-her-arm-2dfjdy7o.png Figure 5: A time lapse view of the user moving his or her arm toward the target configuration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-shaftless-eccentric-mass-vibration-actuators-with-1280f63p.png Figure 6: Shaftless eccentric mass vibration actuators with plastic caps used for mounting https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-user-wears-the-tactile-sleeve-which-is-embedded-17io9g8x.png Figure 1: The user wears the tactile sleeve, which is embedded with motion capture sensors and tactile actuators, and sees his or her arm pose on a screen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-simple-parametric-model-for-the-mechanical-1sxw3tme.png Figure 7: A simple parametric model for the mechanical dynamics of a shaftless eccentric mass motor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-experimental-setup-for-identification-of-motor-uwgyej07.png Figure 8: Experimental setup for identification of motor model parameters. A small accelerometer is attached to the back of the motor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-envisioned-system-for-kinesthetic-motion-guidance-2pzwsyrj.png Figure 2: Envisioned system for kinesthetic motion guidance via spatially distributed tactile feedback https://scispace.com/papers/spatially-non-continuous-relationships-between-biological-276tpz1iu3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-edge-effects-of-invasion-magnitude-a-relationship-2t32fiij.png Fig. 5. Edge effects of invasion magnitude. (a) Relationship between edge proportion and Spartina alterniflora 313 invasion magnitude. The shaded area indicates the 95% confidence interval of regression. (b) Edge sensitivity 314 (regression slope of edge effect) and NDVI of mangroves along latitude (average value of mangrove forests in 315 each 0.1° latitudinal band). The vertical dashed line shows the latitudinal change point (26°08′22″ N). 316 317 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conceptual-diagram-of-seascape-patterns-of-mangrove-sep74kaj.png Fig. 1. Conceptual diagram of seascape patterns of mangrove fragments and the S. alterniflora invasion magnitude. 133 134 2.2.3. Fragment shape 135 We proposed an information theory-based approach to identify the specific shape of grid-136 cell mangrove fragments (Supplemental Fig. S2; see Supplementary Information for more 137 details). To group all fragments into certain shapes, we predefined six standard shapes as 138 rectangle, triangle, trapezoid, Z-shape, L-shape, and U-shape, since these shapes can 139 approximately describe most of our pixel-based mangrove fragments according to visual 140 inspection. The first three shapes were classified as regular shapes and the others as 141 complicated shapes for extracting conclusive information (Supplemental Fig. S3). The reason 142 we use specific shapes rather than shape complexity to reflect the shape effect is that specific 143 shapes are practical in guiding mangrove restoration. 144 For each mangrove fragment, the distances of centroid to fragment boundary measured 145 from all directions were plotted as a continuous signal (Supplemental Fig. S2). Jensen-Shannon 146 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effects-of-mangrove-fragment-size-on-invasion-3f7yd6ym.png Fig. 4. Effects of mangrove fragment size on invasion magnitude of Spartina alterniflora in tropical (a) and 293 subtropical (b) areas. Values between dashed lines are the detected interval of abrupt changes in invasion when 294 size of mangrove fragment increased in certain values. Detailed model parameters are shown in Supplemental 295 Table S3. 296 297 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-latitudinal-variation-in-the-invasion-magnitude-of-2qvlqdds.png Fig. 3. Latitudinal variation in the invasion magnitude of Spartina alterniflora showing as (a) latitudinal profile 264 and (b) comparison between subtropics and tropic. The observed total amount of invaded mangrove fragments is 265 1501 (751 and 750 in subtropical and tropical regions, respectively). Blue line in (a) represents linear latitudinal 266 trend of invasion magnitude, and blue shaded area is the 95% confidence interval. Green shaded area represents 267 the distribution of invasion magnitude along latitudinal gradient. The boxes in (b) show data within the 25th and 268 75th percentile, black lines show the median values of each group, and violin-shaped area represents distribution 269 of invasion magnitude values. The y axe in (b) was square root-transformed as necessary to comply with 270 parametric assumptions, but show untransformed values. 271 272 3.2. Latitudinal variations in mangrove fragmentation and its effects on invasion 273 3.2.1. Fragment size 274 The distribution of average mangrove fragment size follows a decline trend across the 275 latitudinal gradient (Supplemental Fig. S4a), in consistence with the latitudinal trend of total 276 mangrove area. A one-degree increases in latitude resulted in an approximately 0.25 ha 277 decrease of average mangrove fragment size (R2 = .101, p = .010). Both piecewise regression 278 and nonlinear asymptotic regression indicated potential nonlinearity in the relationships 279 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparing-spartina-alterniflora-invasion-by-size-a-b-3c3u3pz0.png Fig. 6. Comparing Spartina alterniflora invasion by size (a, b), core area (c, d) and edge area (e, f) of mangrove 346 fragments. Values of S. alterniflora invasion area were indicated by violin plot regarding different shapes of 347 mangrove fragment. Welch’s t-test was used to estimate differences between complicated and regular-shaped 348 mangroves. One-way ANOVA was conducted to evaluate the differences of invasion among all six shapes. Boxes 349 in the middle of each dataset show the interquartile ranges, and solid lines in the box indicate the median value of 350 such dataset. Letters above violin plot bars denote significant difference among shapes resulting from multiple 351 comparison analysis. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < .05) among mangrove fragment shapes. 352 Individual statistical values for each subplot are presented in Supplemental Table S5. Series with double asterisk 353 (**) means the correlation analysis of p < .01, and NS. stands for non-significant at the level of p > .05. 354 Abbreviation of shapes are list as TRA-trapezoid, REC-rectangle, TRI-triangle. 355 356 The largest invasive magnitude was observed in the rectangle-shaped (regular shape) 357 mangrove fragments, which was higher than trapezoid-shaped (regular shape) mangroves by 358 7.33% ± 6.87% (95% CI) and L-shaped (complicated shape) mangrove fragments by 9.80% ± 359 8.21% (95% CI; Fig. 6b; Supplemental Table S5). The small size of L-shaped mangrove 360 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spatial-distribution-of-mangroves-and-spartina-2226rl4u.png Fig. 2. Spatial distribution of mangroves and Spartina alterniflora in 2020. Spatial distribution with 0.1° latitude 252 summaries of mangrove and S. alterniflora area are shown as (a) and (b). Three examples of spatial patterns of 253 mangroves and S. alterniflora were shown as (c) Dandou Sea, (d) Zhangjiang Estuary, and (e) Jiulong Estuary. 254 255 Major invasion of S. alterniflora to mangroves was observed across the study region with 256 a significant increasing trend along latitude from 20°34′N to 28°25′N (Fig. 2 and 3a). 257 Subtropical mangroves had a mean value of 34.0% invaded area by S. alterniflora, and the 258 https://scispace.com/papers/spatially-extended-sound-equalization-in-rectangular-rooms-49ptrr61on 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-diagram-of-the-distribution-of-the-error-sensors-these-124kwnqc.png FIG. 5. Diagram of the distribution of the error sensors. These sensors placed in two planes, indicated byp1 andp2 in ~a!, and along two lines on the walls and the ceiling of the room, denoted byl1 and l2. In each plane there were 30 sensors arranged as shown in~b!. The distribution of the sensors along the lines is depicted in~c!. The distance between two adjace sensors wereDx50.45 m andDz50.41 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-impulse-and-frequency-responses-at-four-different-47whnp4x.png FIG. 6. Impulse and frequency responses at four different positions before and after sound equalization,~a! ~0.3,0.9,0.3! m, ~b! ~1.0,1.8,0.9! m, ~c! ~1.7,3.2,1.5! m, ~d! ~2.4,4.1,2.2! m. The impulse response after equalization is shown with an offset of minus two units in they axis for clarity. The solid lines in the frequency response represent the results after equalization and the dashed lines correspond to the results before equalization, which include the respons of the antialiasing filters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-distribution-of-the-sound-pressure-level-at-the-1ern82ef.png FIG. 8. Distribution of the sound pressure level at the frequency of 300 after sound equalization in the time domain using random noise as the signal. The result is shown in the planez51.5 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-least-squares-error-as-a-function-of-the-frequency-for-2m9d49rn.png FIG. 7. Least-squares error as a function of the frequency for the so equalization carried out in the time domain with the sensors placed nea limits of the listening zone~--! and the sensors placed in the middle of th zone ~-•-!. The results obtained in the frequency domain are shown comparison~solid line!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-least-squares-error-as-a-function-of-the-frequency-2xhabwe2.png FIG. 9. Least-squares error as a function of the frequency correspondin different numbers of loudspeakers used in the sound equalization in frequency domain. The numbers in the figure indicate the total of loudsp ers placed on the wall aty50, and the small circles are predicted valu calculated from the distance in thex direction between adjacent soun sources. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-amplitude-of-the-sound-pressure-before-equalization-kedtk6na.png FIG. 1. Amplitude of the sound pressure before equalization for a driv frequency of 300 Hz. The graph corresponds to the sound field in the p z51.5 m produced by two loudspeakers placed at~0.05,0,2.00! and ~2.65,0,2.00! m, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-optimal-equalization-in-the-frequency-domain-for-a-ay7lz2hu.png FIG. 2. Optimal equalization in the frequency domain for a driving fr quency of 300 Hz. The sound pressure level in the planez51.5 m is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-block-diagram-of-the-equalization-problem-of-broadband-1m93lorq.png FIG. 4. Block diagram of the equalization problem of broadband signa https://scispace.com/papers/spatially-resolved-characterization-of-ingaas-gaas-quantum-1xxgd3w6n4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ssrm-images-a-and-b-of-the-dot-doped-sample-b-and-of-f4sfvdmf.png FIG. 2. SSRM images a and b of the dot-doped sample B and of the barrier-doped sample C samples, respectively. The images are 500 500 nm2 in size and were taken with a sample bias of 1 V i.e., reverse bias condition . The corresponding horizontal line profiles taken along the position indicated by the arrows are shown in c and d . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ssrm-images-of-the-undoped-sample-sample-a-a-current-3q0oibrs.png FIG. 1. SSRM images of the undoped sample sample A . a Current image obtained at 0.5 V sample bias i.e., reverse bias condition clearly showing the five QD layers. The buffer and cap GaAs layers are in the right and left side of the QD layers, respectively. The image size is 500 500 nm2. The arrow points the location along which the horizontal line profile shown in c was taken. b 250 250 nm2 image showing bright current spots corresponding to QDs. The distances between some of the QDs are marked. The line profile shown in d was taken along the QD layer pointed by the arrow. e Close-up image of one of the QDs; the imaged diameter is about 20 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/spatially-resolved-observations-of-the-bipolar-optical-1doioz6o5b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spectro-astrometric-analysis-of-the-ha-emission-in-37ofa57v.png Figure 5. Spectro-astrometric analysis of the Hα emission in all the UVES spectra obtained for the outflow study. The purpose here was to check if an outflow component could be detected as the Hα line varied. No offset is detected in any of the spectra, hence it can be concluded that the vast majority of the Hα emission is likely tracing accretion in the BD and that the Hα line can be used to provide a reasonable estimate of the mass accretion rate. Note that the line is highly variable as outlined by Scholz et al. (2005). The appearance of a small bump between the primary and secondary peaks was not previously detected in any variability study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-gaussian-smoothed-s-ii-i-image-four-separate-28bmol02.png Figure 11. Gaussian-smoothed [S ii]-I image. Four separate emission features are revealed with the final one having a clear bow-shock shape. The positions of the features are well fitted with a P.A. of 245◦ which is the same P.A. as estimated from the spectro-astrometry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-here-the-knot-like-features-seen-to-the-southwest-3b9tjorp.png Figure 10. Here the knot-like features seen to the southwest of 2M1207A with a P.A. of ∼245◦ are compared in the [S ii], R-band, and I-band images. Two of the emission features are detected in the FORS1 I-band image. They are also shown in an SUSI2 image taken two years previous to the FORS1 observations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fors1-r-band-image-of-2m1207-with-the-uves-slits-20b51u4b.png Figure 1. FORS1 R-band image of 2M1207 with the UVES slits and slit P.A.s shown. The slits are drawn to scale. The spectro-astrometric offsets measured at the two slit P.A.s, for the blueshifted and redshifted [O i]λ6300 emission, are represented by the blue and red arrows. The sizes of the arrows do not represent the magnitude of the measured offsets. However, they accurately represent the relative magnitudes between the two observations, in that the offsets measured at P.A. = 80◦ are approximately twice those measured at P.A. = 0◦. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparing-the-hb-line-profiles-in-the-2006-spectra-3tj1jhcn.png Figure 6. Comparing the Hβ line profiles in the 2006 spectra. Both the line and continuum vary. No spectro-astrometric signal was detected for the Hβ line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-li-i-absorption-line-and-the-s-ii-ll6716-6731-1zyy089t.png Figure 9. Li i absorption line and the [S ii]λλ6716, 6731 doublet in the 2006 (left column) and 2008 (right column) spectra. The Li i spectrum is extracted from the source position and used to estimate the systemic velocity at ∼+2 km s−1. The [S ii] lines are not detected at the source position but only by summing over ±1′′. As explained in the text this is likely due to the lower critical density of the [S ii] lines compared to the [O i]λ6300 line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-full-spectral-range-of-the-uves-observations-aimed-9ndz04od.png Figure 2. Full spectral range of the UVES observations aimed at studying the 2M1207A outflow. This one-dimensional spectrum was extracted from the source position using the ESO UVES pipeline and was taken on 2006 May 16. Hα and Hβ are by far the strongest lines and while [O i]λ6300 line is detected no [S ii] emission is detected above the noise at the source position. In the inset showing the region of the [S ii]λλ6716, 6731 lines, the dashed red lines mark the 0 km s−1 position for the two emission regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-s-ii-image-in-the-region-of-2m1207-a-zoom-on-2m1207-28m306df.png Figure 7. [S ii] image in the region of 2M1207. A zoom on 2M1207 (the A and B components to the system are not resolved) is shown in an inset. Note the slight elongation in the PSF along a similar P.A. to the outflow P.A. derived from the spectro-astrometric analysis. The P.A. of 2M1207B with respect to 2M1207A is 125◦. The positions of the possible outflow features are marked. As described in the text, two images with exposure times of 1800 s were obtained. The image with the better seeing is shown here. https://scispace.com/papers/spatially-resolved-stellar-kinematics-from-lega-c-increased-1otnxu8fhj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-images-and-spectra-of-three-example-quiescent-27iur5i8.png Figure 2. Images and spectra of three example quiescent galaxies from the LEGA-C sample, selected to span a range in emission line flux for demonstration of fitting; most galaxies in the sample do not exhibit significant emission. Images from HST ACS COSMOS mosaics and gri color images from the HSC-SSP public data release. The position and width of the LEGA-C slit as well as the physical scale are indicated on the HST image. The top panel in each row shows the 2D LEGA-C spectrum, with the location of spectral absorption and emission features, including the measured rotation, indicated with blue and red lines. Emission line features are labeled above the galaxy spectrum and continuum features are indicated below. One-dimensional optimally extracted spectra are included in the middle panel to demonstrate the continuum plus emission-line modeling. Best-fit continuum models are indicated by red lines, emission lines, where detected, are indicated by blue lines, and the combined model by purple lines. Residuals from the 1D fit are included in the bottom panel. In this work, this procedure is repeated separately on all rows with sufficient S/N in the 2D spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rotational-velocity-v5-top-row-central-velocity-1dwtqdml.png Figure 4. Rotational velocity (V5∣ ∣, top row), central velocity dispersion (σ0, second row), rotational support (V5 0s∣ ∣ , third row), and rotational support normalized by the expectation for an oblate rotator given the measured projected axis ratio ( V5 0 *s( ) , bottom row) in quiescent LEGA-C galaxies vs. stellar mass (left), projected axis ratio (middle), and Sérsic index (right). Individual galaxies are indicated by small gray symbols; median and mean trends are indicated by red dashed and blue solid lines and symbols, respectively. The strongest correlation exists between stellar mass and velocity dispersion, or the “mass” Faber–Jackson relation. Projected axis ratio exhibits the strongest anti-correlation with V5 0s∣ ∣ and, unlike the Sérsic index, the population average with V5 0s∣ ∣ does not flatten out at elongated axis ratios in this sample. When projection effects are minimized with V5 0 *s( ) , this removes significant correlations with projected axis ratios, suggesting roughly similar correlations between rotational support and stellar mass, axis ratio, and Sérsic index. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-rotational-support-at-the-maximum-radial-extent-209dfyxo.png Figure 18. Rotational support at the maximum radial extent ( Vmax 0 *s( ) ) vs. central velocity dispersion (σ0). The left panel includes Vmax 0s∣ ∣ for the simulated CALIFA z∼0 galaxies and in the center panel for LEGA-C galaxies at z∼0.8. The right panel shows the ratio of the averages in small running bins (indicated by black points with errorbars) and the overall (for 150<σ/km s−1<300) given by the gray band. Within this maximum radius, V s∣ ∣ is higher by 76±22% at z∼0.8, which implies slightly less dramatic, but still significant, rotation than for velocities defined within 5 kpc. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-rotational-support-v5-0s-vs-stellar-mass-of-califa-1l7q1izk.png Figure 10. Rotational support (V5 0s∣ ∣ ) vs. stellar mass of CALIFA galaxies. The intrinsic values, as measured along the photometric position angle, are indicated by black stars. The average uncertainty in this measurement is indicated by the black errorbar in the upper right corner. The V5 0s∣ ∣ for each galaxy with a misaligned slit and after convolution with a Moffat PSF (FWHM 7PSF = kpc) is indicated by a blue circle, with measurements for each galaxy connected by gray dotted lines. Because the simulated PSF is significant relative to the physical extent of galaxies, the measured rotational support is strongly affected by the observational effects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-trends-in-the-ratio-of-observed-to-intrinsic-v5-0s-3jgdnni9.png Figure 9. Trends in the ratio of observed to intrinsic V5 0s∣ ∣ from the CALIFA simulations with stellar mass in the left panel and effective radius in the right panel. Small symbols indicate galaxies with V 0.15 0s <∣ ∣ , which are most sensitive to this relative metric. The running mean relations are indicated by blue dashed (all galaxies) and red solid (V 0.15 0s >∣ ∣ ) lines. As expected, the blurred rotational support preferentially impacts the least massive and most compact galaxies because of the relative size of the PSF and the galaxy extent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-continued-1wxcv6jz.png Figure 14. (Continued.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-stellar-rotation-curves-black-and-velocity-39zy36xk.png Figure 3. (a) Stellar rotation curves (black) and velocity dispersion profiles (red) for the 35 highest-mass ( M Mlog 11* > ) quiescent galaxies, ordered by increasing V5. The rotational velocity is defined as the velocity of the best-fitting arctangent function (indicated by the gray solid lines) at a radius of 5 kpc (indicated by the black bars) from the central pixel. (b) Stellar rotation curves (black) and velocity dispersion profiles (red) for the 35 intermediate-mass ( M M10.7 log 11* < ) quiescent galaxies. (c) Stellar rotation curves (black) and velocity dispersion profiles (red) for the lowest-mass ( M Mlog 10.7* < ) sample of quiescent galaxies in LEGA-C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-continued-3eahwofd.png Figure 14. (Continued.) https://scispace.com/papers/spatio-phylogenetic-multispecies-distribution-models-40m4lr9a92 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simulation-study-for-the-ccm-with-gaussian-1kkvj07f.png Figure 1: Simulation study for the CCM with Gaussian responses: the distribution of the variance parameter estimates for each random effect component (rows) and setting (columns) subject to the phylogenetic correlation ρ between species 1 and 2. The true parameter to be estimated was σ̂2γ = 2 in settings (a) and (b) and σ̂2γ = 2 × 2 = 4 in setting (c). Outliers are not drawn. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distributions-used-to-simulate-the-random-effects-jnn2ejn7.png Table 1: Distributions used to simulate the random effects for the different correlation structures in each setting (a) through (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-selection-rates-for-the-ccm-the-rate-at-which-the-3hlx4kx2.png Figure 2: Selection rates for the CCM. The rate at which the correct random effect component (red line) was chosen by the CCM for each response type and setting (a) through (c) subject to the phylogenetic correlation ρ between species 1 and 2. The correct component is the component that was used to simulate the data in each setting (e.g. phylogenetic component in setting (a)). The blue line depicts the rate at which any of the random effect components (phylogenetic or spatio-phylogenetic) was chosen by the CCM and thus detects a (spatio-)phylogenetic signal. In setting (b), this rate thus acts as a false-positive rate and should be low. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-selection-rates-for-the-esm-the-rate-at-which-the-2taqcs94.png Figure 3: Selection rates for the ESM. The rate at which the correct random effect component (red line) was chosen by the ESM for each response type and setting (a) through (c) subject to the phylogenetic correlation ρ between species 1 and 2. The correct component is the component that was used to simulate the data in each setting (e.g. phylogenetic component in setting (a)). The blue line depicts the rate at which any of the random effect components (phylogenetic or spatio-phylogenetic) was chosen by the CCM and thus detects a (spatio-)phylogenetic signal. In setting (b), this rate thus acts as a false-positive rate and should be low. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-variance-covariance-matrices-for-each-random-effect-2kq6ob2a.png Table 4: Variance-covariance matrices for each random effect component used to model the bird abundance data. For a repulsion tendency, where closely related species are less likely to co-occur, contrary to the attraction tendency, the inverse of the phylogenetic correlation matrix was used. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fixed-effects-parameters-bspp-for-each-of-the-four-qqshxzsm.png Table 3: Fixed effects parameters βspp for each of the four species and phylogenetic and spatial random effect variance parameters, σ2spp and σ 2 spp respectively, used for each response type in the simulation study of the PSGLMMs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-for-each-of-five-environmental-factors-a-separate-2ku0wuiz.png Table 5: For each of five environmental factors, a separate ESM was fitted. With the spatial correlation structure chosen for DBH and elevation, we concluded that no phylogenetic signal is present in the response of the species to the factors. For the other factors, a spatio-phylogenetic signal was detected with a repulsion tendency for tree holes and an attraction tendency for broadleaved trees and rejuvenation. σ̂2γ is the random effect variance estimate for the correlation structure chosen using a predictive cross-validation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-number-of-discarded-runs-in-the-simulation-study-2776yftv.png Table 2: The number of discarded runs in the simulation study (from a total of 4, 900 runs per response type, setting and model). https://scispace.com/papers/spatio-temporal-dynamics-of-a-nanosecond-pulsed-microwave-1uonoc2zs1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-images-of-plasma-light-intensity-collected-by-2pdla6oh.png Figure 4. Images of plasma light intensity collected by imaging at p = 1.5 Torr and frep = 6 kHz for different times around the TR injection time (t = 300 ns). The light intensity is represented as a color map. White parts correspond to the region below a threshold level corresponding to the noise level of the camera measurements and equal to 0.3.10−3 a.u.. The monopole outline is represented with dashed lines on the image at 500 ns. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-horizontal-cut-meaning-along-the-x-axis-for-y-0-1ztbwkor.png Figure 5. (a) Horizontal cut, meaning along the x axis for y = 0 cm, and (b) vertical cut, meaning along the y axis for x = 0 cm, for different times including the times presented in Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-temporal-evolution-of-a-the-integrated-light-3vbdy5ny.png Figure 6. Temporal evolution of (a) the integrated light intensity and of (b) the plasma volume along with the absolute value of the voltage. The volume is defined as the sum of the pixels with light intensity higher than the threshold taken just above the noise level and equal to 0.3.10−3 a.u. (see Figure 4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-temporal-evolution-of-the-integrated-light-3db086tg.png Figure 8. Temporal evolution of the integrated light intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-images-of-plasma-light-intensity-collected-by-3uz7y877.png Figure 7. Images of plasma light intensity collected by imaging after the TR peak instant (t = 308 ns) for different pressures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-evolution-of-the-decay-time-with-the-pressure-ngfv6i20.png Figure 9. Evolution of the decay time with the pressure, obtained by fitting the data of Figure 8 after the main peak, for different repetition rates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-tr-plasma-source-the-signal-s1-t-i-15tdob9r.png Figure 1. Schematic of the TR plasma source. The signal s1(−t), i.e. the time reversed impulse response between the emitter located in the appendix and the receiver positioned randomly in the reverberant cavity, allows to focus a 8 ns peak near the receiver [16] and to reach plasma breakdown as observed by imaging through a faradized window. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-evolution-of-the-integrated-temporal-intensity-for-3vwie8mp.png Figure 10. Evolution of the integrated temporal intensity for two different repetition rates, frep = 6 kHz in dotted line and frep = 60 kHz in plain line, and for three pressures p = 0.5 Torr (blue), p = 1.5 Torr (red) and p = 4 Torr (green). https://scispace.com/papers/spatio-temporal-patterns-of-snow-in-the-catalan-pyrenees-ne-mn64rgwfbx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-geographical-characteristics-of-the-aws-28rlg2c0.png Table 1. Main geographical characteristics of the AWS examined in this work, together with the time series length and missing data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-location-map-of-the-pyrenees-within-the-ne-2813rcct.png Figure 1 (a) Location map of the Pyrenees within the NE Iberian Peninsula, and (b) distribution of AWS across the Catalan Pyrenees and eastern Catalan Pre-Pyrenees. Data of the digital elevation model was downloaded from the European Environmental Agency (https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/eu-dem). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spatial-distribution-of-the-seasonal-cumulative-hn-3mkbsen0.png Figure 5. Spatial distribution of the seasonal cumulative HN, CV and seasonal cumulative HN trends recorded. All stations are not statistically significant, except Salòria seasonal trend, which is statistically significant at p<0.05. Data of the digital elevation model was downloaded from the European Environmental Agency (https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/eu-dem). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sd-profiles-of-each-station-the-grey-lines-indicate-jl5l39zs.png Figure 4. SD profiles of each station. The grey lines indicate the snow profile of each season whereas the black line the average SD for a season. The vertical line indicates the peak of snow accumulation, differentiating between the accumulation phase (left values respect the line) and the melting phase (right values). .TIFF size: 241.30 x 121.44 mm (300 x 300 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-spatial-distribution-of-the-teleconnection-wtimcr2v.png Figure 12. Spatial distribution of the teleconnection patterns that rule the study area. Data of the digital elevation model was downloaded from the European Environmental Agency (https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/eu-dem). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-anomaly-graph-between-the-average-monthly-hn-nrtshgh6.png Figure 13. Anomaly graph between the average monthly HN values of the stations placed at the N western Catalan Pyrenees (Sasseuva, Bonaigua and Certascan; black bars) and the WeMO values (orange line). .TIFF size: 225.16 x 75.14 mm (300 x 300 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-and-multiple-linear-regression-between-zdvcn79x.png Table 3. Correlation and multiple linear regression between the snow parameters and geographical factors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-western-pyrenees-and-b-eastern-pyrenees-seasonal-33em224u.png Figure 9. (a) Western Pyrenees and (b) eastern Pyrenees seasonal cumulative HN, classified by CT. .TIFF size: 244.47 x 158.48 mm (300 x 300 DPI) https://scispace.com/papers/spatio-temporal-control-of-erk-pulse-frequency-coordinates-2wj4itdlj6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-developing-acini-exhibit-spontaneous-egfr-dependent-2917ir8n.png Figure 2 Developing acini exhibit spontaneous EGFR-dependent ERK pulses. (A) Time-series micrographs of a 5 days old acinus expressing fluorescent H2B and ERK KTR. The equatorial optical section is shown. Cells display spontaneous ERK activity pulses that can be detected by the nuclear to cytoplasmic translocation of ERK KTR. The cell indicated by a green dotted line exhibits robust ERK pulses, with active ERK being shown by an arrowhead. Red plain lines mark the borders of the acinus. Scale bar = 10 μm. (B) Image analysis pipeline to extract ERK trajectories from 3D time lapse datasets. Nuclei are segmented and tracked in 3D based on the H2B signal using LEVER. Single-cell ERK activity levels are calculated by dividing the median ERK KTR signal pixel intensities in the voxel mask around the nucleus by the one of the segmented nuclear volume. ERK pulses are detected on detrended ERK trajectories normalized to [0,1] with 1 being the highest peak in the trajectory. (C) Representative https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stage-2-acini-display-different-erk-pulse-1d31ofhz.png Figure 4 Stage 2 acini display different ERK pulse frequencies in inner and outer acini cell layers, and exhibit collective waves of ERK pulses. (A) ERK pulse frequency from trajectories of cells located in inner versus outer acini layers. Trajectories pooled from 11 acini. Box plots depict the median and the 25th and 75th percentiles, whiskers correspond to minimum and maximum non-outlier values. Dot plots show distribution of 50 randomly selected trajectories per condition. Wilcoxon test (***, P < 0.001). (B) Left panel: heatmap of detrended/normalized single-cell ERK trajectories in outer and inner cells of a representative acinus. Right panel: detection of individual ERK activity waves in the same acinus. (C) Representative time-serie micrographs of ERK wave ID 10 in (B). Nuclei are color-coded by ERK KTR ratios. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pik3ca-h1047r-mutant-acini-exhibits-higher-erk-3u6vu0rc.png Figure 5 PIK3CA H1047R mutant acini exhibits higher ERK frequencies in 2D monolayer and 3D acini cultures. (A) Micrographs of wild-type and PIK3CA H1047R MCF10A 2D monolayers expressing fluorescent H2B (left panel) and ERK KTR (middle panel). Right panel: nuclei of the same cells color-coded by ERK KTR ratio. Scale bar = 100 μm. (B) Heatmap of single-cell ERK trajectories in wild-type and PIK3CA H1047R monolayers. (C) Average ERK trajectories from isolated pulses in wild-type and PIK3CA H1047R cells within monolayers (left panel) and acini (right panel). 95% confidence intervals are shown. Time = 0 corresponds to maximal amplitude of peaks. (D) ERK frequencies in wild-type and PIK3CA H1047R monolayer cells. Box plots depict the median and the 25th and 75th percentiles, whiskers correspond to minimum and maximum non-outlier values. Wilcoxon test (***, P < 0.001) (E) ERK frequencies of wild-type and PIK3CA H1047R cells at different stages and locations within the acinus. Mutant trajectories pooled from 7 (stage 1 rotation), 2 (stage 1 no rotation) and 6 (stage 2) acini. Wild-type data is the same as in figures 3 and 4 and shown again for comparison. Box plots depict the median and the 25th and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-optogenetically-entrained-synthetic-frequency-2nnqdekt.png Figure 7 Optogenetically-entrained, synthetic frequency-modulated ERK pulse regimes control survival/apoptosis fate decisions (A) Cartoon of the optoFGFR and optoRAF systems. OptoFGFR consists of the intracellular domain of FGFR1 linked to the plasma membrane and a Cry2 PHR domain which dimerizes upon blue light stimulation, leading to receptor autophosphorylation and activation of downstream cascades. OptoRAF consists of a Cry2 linked to cRaf and a membranelinked CIBN domain. CIBN and Cry2 dimerize upon blue light stimulation which recruits cRaf to the plasma membrane where it phosphorylates Mek. (B) Average ERK trajectories from isolated spontaneous and optogenetically induced ERK pulses with 95% confidence interval. Time = 0 corresponds to maximal amplitude of peaks. (C) Single cell ERK activity trajectories from 3 optoFGFR expressing acini stimulated with blue light pulses at different intervals under the microscope. (D) Percentages of optoFGFR and optoRAF-expressing acini that displayed cleared, partially cleared or filled luminal space at day 14, after they were kept for 7 days on an LED plate that emitted blue light pulses at defined intervals. N = 36 - 72 acini per condition from 2 independent replicates. Representative examples used for classification are shown. Colored micrographs show single equatorial Z planes. Black and white Micrographs show maximal intensity projections of equatorial Z planes spanning 12 μm. Plain lines mark acini borders, red dashed lines mark the luminal space, the green dashed line marks the border between the cleared and filled part of the luminal space in the partially cleared condition. Scale bar = 20 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stage-1-acini-exhibit-rapid-collective-cell-27qv9p4t.png Figure 3 Stage 1 acini exhibit rapid collective cell migration and a high ERK pulse frequency that decreases upon transition to a low-motility stage (A) Time series renderings of a cross section of an acinus transitioning from the rapid motility to the slow motility stage. Nuclei and motility tracks are shown (tracks are color-coded by instantaneous velocity). Scale bar = 10 μm. (B) Analysis of ERK activity in the acinus from (A). Heatmap shows detrended and normalized single cell ERK activity levels over time. Gray areas correspond to time points when a cell was not within the imaged volume. (C) Analysis of motility and ERK activity in the acinus from (A). Graph shows mean binarized ERK activity and mean instantaneous velocity with 95% confidence intervals of all imaged cells over time and their Pearson correlation coefficient. Mean binarized ERK activity is used as a measure for the fraction of the cell population in a state of active ERK. (D) ERK pulse frequency from trajectories at different developmental timepoints. Trajectories pooled from 7 (stage 1 rotation), 5 (stage 1 no rotation) and 11 (stage 2) acini. Box plots depict the median and the 25th and 75th percentiles, whiskers correspond to minimum and maximum non-outlier values. Dot plots show distribution of 50 randomly selected trajectories per condition. Significance values from Wilcoxon tests (***, P < 0.001). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-morphogenesis-of-mcf10a-acini-can-be-divided-in-4-amwmh3tf.png Figure 1 Morphogenesis of MCF10A acini can be divided in 4 distinct stages defined by different fate decisions. (A) Schematics of acinar developmental stages grown from single MCF10A cells. (B) Micrographs and 3D reconstructions of H2B, caspase 3/7 fluorogenic substrate and geminin signals in acini corresponding to the stages in (A). Micrographs show maximal intensity projections of equatorial Z planes spanning 12 μm. Plain lines mark the borders of the acini, dashed lines mark the outer cell layer. Scale bar = 10 μm. (C) Cell numbers per acinus at different days corresponding to the 4 stages (N = 28 - 60 acini per condition). Box plots depict the median and the 25th and 75th percentiles, whiskers correspond to minimum and maximum non-outlier values. Significance values from Wilcoxon tests (n.s., P > 0.05; ***, P < 0.001). (D) Fraction of Geminin positive cells in the population at different days. Same acini as in (C) were divided in 3 technical replicates per conditions with 8 - 20 acini each. (E) Number of Caspase 3/7 apoptotic debris divided by the acinar cell number at different days. Same acini as in (C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pik3ca-h1047r-mutant-acini-exhibit-increased-2figsgkf.png Figure 6 PIK3CA H1047R mutant acini exhibit increased proliferation, reduced apoptosis and absence of lumen formation. (A) Micrographs and 3D reconstructions of H2B, caspase 3/7 fluorogenic substrate and geminin signals in PIK3CA H1047R acini at different developmental stages. Micrographs show maximal intensity projections of equatorial Z planes spanning 12 μm. Plain lines mark the acini borders, dashed lines mark the outer cell layer. Scale bar = 10 μm. (B) Cell numbers per acinus at different days corresponding to the 4 stages. N = 54 - 60 PIK3CA H1047R acini per day. Wild-type data in (B) - (E) is the same as in figure 1 (shown here again for comparison with PIK3CA H1047R). Box plots depict the median and the 25th and 75th percentiles, whiskers correspond to minimum and maximum nonoutlier values. Wilcoxon tests (n.s., P > 0.05; ***, P < 0.001). (C) Fraction of Geminin positive cells in the population at different days. Same acini as in (B) divided in 3 technical replicates per day with 17 - 20 acini each. (D) Numbers of Caspase 3/7 apoptotic debris divided by the acinar cell number at different days. Same acini as in (B) divided in 3 technical replicates per day with 17 - 20 acini each. (E) Percentages of acini that either displayed a cleared, partially cleared or filled luminal space at day 14. Same acini as in (B) - (D) were used for the assessment. Representative examples used for classification are shown (maximal intensity projections of equatorial Z planes spanning 12 μm). Plain lines mark acinar borders, red dashed lines mark the outer cell layer, the green dashed line marks the border between the cleared and filled part of the luminal space in the partially cleared condition. Scale bar = 10 μm. https://scispace.com/papers/spatio-temporal-litterfall-dynamics-in-a-60-year-old-mixed-4tcdajsgd7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cumulative-mass-g-m-2-yr-1-of-different-litterfall-1pke4pmm.png Fig. 2 Cumulative mass (g m-2 yr-1) of different litterfall fractions from August 1998 to December 2000 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relationship-between-leaf-litterfall-mass-n-66-in-the-156rplks.png Fig. 3 Relationship between leaf litterfall mass (n=66) in the measuring years for a Betula pendula, b Quercus robur, and c Q. rubra. The lines show the linear regressions between 1998 and 1999 (full line) and between 1998 and 2000 (dashed line), the lines of which overlap in b. All Pearson correlation coefficients (r) are significant at p<0.001 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-stem-number-ha-1-mean-diameter-at-breast-3iztyrac.png Table 1 Average stem number (ha−1), mean diameter at breast height (dbh, cm) and basal area (m2 ha−1) of all trees with dbh>9.5 cm in 2000 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temporal-course-six-periods-within-the-year-averaged-3kur4euv.png Fig. 4 Temporal course (six periods within the year, averaged over the measuring years) of nutrient concentrations (%) in different litterfall fractions. Vertical lines indicate standard deviations (n=3) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-study-area-with-dominant-tree-species-144nxgj9.png Fig. 1 Map of the study area with dominant tree species, according to basal area, in 10×10 m grid cells and location of the litter traps. Crosses indicate traps placed in a grid of 40×40 m (n=44), diamonds indicate traps distributed stratified randomly over a range of tree species mixtures (n=22), and circles indicate traps used for chemical analysis (n=5) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-annual-mass-weighted-mean-standard-deviation-x-sd-of-1l3b0vx5.png Table 3 Annual mass-weighted mean±standard deviation (X±SD) of the nutrient concentrations (g kg-1) of the different litterfall fractions for five litter traps https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-annual-mean-standard-deviation-x-sd-and-coefficient-1xc4ywi1.png Table 2 Annual mean±standard deviation (X±SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) of the mass (g m-2 yr-1) of different litter fractions for 66 litter traps in two or three measuring years https://scispace.com/papers/spatio-temporal-saliency-detection-in-dynamic-scenes-using-1g8ni9fkn6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-quantitative-comparision-with-boats-sequence-2qfwq2bs.png Fig. 4. Quantitative comparision with Boats sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-quantitative-comparision-with-freeway-sequence-16ivw04n.png Fig. 5. Quantitative comparision with Freeway sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-influence-of-l-on-the-proposed-method-performance-2jcp7lew.png Fig. 3. Influence of λ on the proposed method performance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-quantitative-comparision-with-ocean-sequence-3pat6pmy.png Fig. 6. Quantitative comparision with Ocean sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-examples-of-spatio-temporal-saliency-detection-with-1zjij3im.png Fig. 2. Examples of spatio-temporal saliency detection with LBP-TOP features. (a) Original frame; (b) saliency map in XY plane; (c) saliency map in XT plane; (d) saliency map in YT plane; (e) fused spatio-temporal saliency map. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-the-proposed-spatio-temporal-saliency-19a7uhrz.png Fig. 1. Overview of the proposed spatio-temporal saliency detection method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-evaluation-of-spatio-temporal-saliency-detection-3mt938p0.png TABLE I. EVALUATION OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL SALIENCY DETECTION METHODS. PROPOSED (WITH COLOR AND LBP FEATURES), LBP-TOP (LBP FEATURES ONLY), OF (OPTICAL FLOW BASED), SR (SELF-RESEMBLANCE) AND PD (PHASE DISCREPANCY). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-visual-comparison-of-spatio-temporal-saliency-17jp4n1x.png Fig. 7. Visual comparison of spatio-temporal saliency detection of our methods and state of art methods. (a) Original frame; (b) PROPOSED; (c) LBP-TOP; (d) OF [13]; (e) SR [19] and (f) PD [18] https://scispace.com/papers/spatio-temporal-semantic-object-segmentation-using-5fs5dty6xt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-segmentation-results-using-the-proposed-approach-lb9oxhbo.png Figure 4: Segmentation Results using the proposed approach for the cif claire sequence (50 frames) and the more difficult cif football sequence (26 frames). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-sequences-used-for-evaluation-the-cif-claire-kyn6wjb6.png Figure 3: The sequences used for evaluation — the cif claire sequence (50 frames) and the more difficult cif football sequence (26 frames). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-segmentation-results-using-an-adaptive-gaussian-18urnrv2.png Figure 5: Segmentation Results using an adaptive Gaussian mixture model for the cif claire sequence (50 frames) and the more difficult cif football sequence (26 frames). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-showing-the-key-frame-right-for-the-foreground-3ktexfle.png Figure 1: Showing the key frame(right) for the foreground object for frame 70 of the cif football sequence(left) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-showing-the-original-frame-left-segmentation-using-35t8nw5o.png Figure 6: Showing the original frame (left), segmentation using an object level kernel shape model (centre) and segmentation using a mixture of sub-object kernel shape models (right) for frame 19 of the MPEG-1 ice skater sequence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-showing-the-key-frame-segmentation-0-left-and-the-2gbd039m.png Figure 7: Showing the key frame segmentation 0 (left) and the segmented object at frame 114 (right) for the qcif foreman sequence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-showing-false-colour-representations-of-the-1i24k4el.png Figure 2: Showing false colour representations of the disjoint cluster partition(left) and the result of a connected components algorithm(right) with minimum region size of 25 pixels. Frame 70 for the cif football sequence. https://scispace.com/papers/spatio-temporal-scene-level-error-concealment-for-shape-and-1edtdsqzvq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-structuring-element-used-for-the-dilation-operation-20bioqsz.png Figure 4 – Structuring element used for the dilation operation in the refinement of individual concealment results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-elimination-of-undefined-region-by-morphological-2sshjqtn.png Figure 5 – Elimination of undefined region by morphological filtering: (a) Initial undefined region; (b) Undefined region is shrinking; (c) Undefined region has been eliminated https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-the-two-possible-concealment-2xyq5zwe.png Figure 3 – Illustration of the two possible concealment situations for the Stefan video objects (Background and Player); (a) Correctly decoded complementary shape data exists; (b) Complementary shape data is corrupted in both objects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-concealment-process-for-the-news-video-scene-a-2h5ghzcd.png Figure 6 – The concealment process for the News video scene: (a) Original uncorrupted video objects (Background, Dancers, Speakers and Logo); (b) Corrupted video objects; (c) Video objects after the corrupted data for which complementary data exists has been concealed; (d) Video objects after individual concealment; (e) Undefined regions that appear after individual concealment (shown in grey); (f) Final concealed video objects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-a-typical-scene-concealment-problem-1wqtotms.png Figure 1 – Illustration of a typical scene concealment problem: (a) Original video scene; (b) Composition of two independently error concealed video objects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-different-scene-types-a-segmented-scene-b-2p63lez5.png Figure 2 – Two different scene types: (a) Segmented scene; (b) Composed scene https://scispace.com/papers/spatiotemporal-characteristics-and-trend-analysis-of-two-4yk9a1c7h4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-drought-frequency-in-sub-saharan-africa-ssa-over-2audun2f.png Figure 2. Drought frequency in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) over the period 1979–2012 for (a) scPDSIPM < −2, (b) scPDSITH < −2, (c) scPDSIPM < −4, and (d) scPDSITH < −4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-interannual-variation-of-drought-intensity-for-ueb8ehep.png Figure 4. Interannual variation of drought intensity for drought category in SSA over the period 1979–2012 for (a) scPDSIPM < −2, (b) scPDSITH < −2, (c) scPDSIPM < −4, and (d) scPDSITH < −4. SSA (black lines), the Sudano-Sahelian–Guinean coast (SSG) (brown lines), the HoA (gold lines), and Southern Africa region (SAR) (red lines). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-classifications-of-self-calibrating-palmer-drought-1d55ck9r.png Table 2. Classifications of self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI)-based land wetting and drying. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-regional-trends-for-scpdsipm-and-scpdsith-in-a-sub-2utp7jvo.png Figure 7. Regional trends for scPDSIPM and scPDSITH in (a) Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), (b) the Sudano-Sahelian–Guinean coast (SSG), (c) the Horn of Africa (HoA), and (d) the Southern Africa region (SAR) over the period 1979–2012. A positive value indicates a wetting trend, and a negative value indicates a drying trend with solid blue and red dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-regional-trends-for-scpdsipm-and-scpdsith-in-a-sub-xjpvqc2g.png Figure 7. Regional trends for scPDSIPM and scPDSITH in (a) Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), (b) the Sudano-Sahelian–Guinean coast (SSG), (c) the Horn of Africa (HoA), and (d) the Southern Africa region (SAR) over the period 1979–2012. A positive value indicates a wetting trend, and a negative value indicates a drying trend with solid blue and red dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-distribution-of-the-correlation-between-spatial-lxft8n1o.png Figure 10. Distribution of the correlation between spatial average drought indices with ENSO and IOD events. Top right panel: (a) scPDSIPM and ENSO; top left panel: (b) scPDSITH and ENSO; bottom left panel: (c) scPDSIPM and IOD; bottom right panel: (d) scPDSITH and IOD. The shaded areas denote areas where the statistical tests were significant at the 5% level, and areas that are not significant at the 5% level are masked out (white shading). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pixel-wise-linear-trends-using-the-mann-kendall-a-b-2r450urw.png Figure 6. Pixel-wise linear trends using the Mann–Kendall (a,b) and Theil–Sen slope methods (c,d) over the period 1979– 2012 for (a,c) scPDSIPM and (b,d) scPDSITH. Values are expressed in changes per decade. A positive value indicates wetting and a negative indicates drying. Shading indicates that correlations are significant, based on Pearson product–moment correlation (α = 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-land-use-land-cover-lulc-types-and-their-respective-6kxze9ub.png Table 1. Land use land cover (LULC) types and their respective areal coverage expressed as percentages. https://scispace.com/papers/spatiotemporal-averagingmethod-for-enhancement-of-y6mbd2y5pd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-larynx-weighting-function-defined-in-6-with-b-0-3-3h1z0bae.png Fig. 2. Larynx weighting function defined in (6) with β = 0.3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-identification-accuracy-of-dypsa-for-a-reverberant-b-31mcsh3j.png Fig. 4. Identification accuracy of DYPSA for (a) reverberant, (b) DSB pre-processed, and (c) clean speech. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-detection-rate-of-dypsa-for-clean-reverberant-and-dsb-1zmwgpbx.png Fig. 3. Detection rate of DYPSA for clean, reverberant, and DSB pre-processed speech. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-lp-residuals-obtained-from-a-clean-b-reverberant-and-c-2yhiww8k.png Fig. 1. LP residuals obtained from (a) clean, (b) reverberant, and (c) spatially averaged speech. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-bsd-vs-reverberation-time-for-a-reverberant-b-dsb-1fnogudt.png Fig. 6. BSD vs. reverberation time for (a) reverberant, (b) DSB processed, and (c) SMERSH processed speech. https://scispace.com/papers/spatiotemporal-dynamics-of-submerged-macrophyte-status-and-305kipmsgm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-910-temporal-changes-in-the-aquatic-angiosperm-and-3rkzuh6b.png Table 3 910 Temporal changes in the aquatic angiosperm and macroalgae communities of Biguglia lagoon. 911 https://scispace.com/papers/spatiotemporal-chromatic-structure-of-natural-scenes-2drfmdy186 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spatiotemporal-color-basis-patches-of-size-6-x-6-x-6-x-18mhkzvt.png Fig. 4. Spatiotemporal color basis patches of size 6 × 6 × 6 × RGB obtained through (a) PCA and (b) ICA. Rows are sorted in order of decreasing variance-accounted-for from top to bottom. Time increases from left to right over 6 frames. The gap in the middle represents 10 omitted vectors, to show the increasing importance of color further down in the sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-basis-patches-for-ica-of-spatio-chromatic-4-x-4-x-rgb-23b1pfhh.png Fig. 3. Basis patches for ICA of spatio-chromatic 4 × 4 × RGB patches. Sorted in order of decreasing variance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spatio-chromatic-basis-obtained-from-pca-on-4x4x-rgb-1y7i75vk.png Fig. 2. Spatio-chromatic basis obtained from PCA on 4×4× RGB image patches of the example in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-entropy-compression-using-a-pca-generated-and-b-ica-mkfyorca.png Fig. 5. Entropy compression using (a) PCA generated and (b) ICA basis functions; color indicates PSNR as per (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-basis-vectors-for-a-given-color-distribution-from-11sxze5i.png Fig. 1. Basis vectors for a given color distribution from right image as found by PCA (red) and ICA (green). https://scispace.com/papers/spatiotemporal-salience-via-centre-surround-comparison-of-4f53tols1y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sample-results-from-the-usc-dataset-one-image-per-32t16u7d.png Fig. 2. Sample results from the USC dataset (one image per video) - videos 21-40: Upper row shows input image frames; lower row shows the saliency map produced by the proposed approach. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-left-comparison-of-the-proposed-approach-soe-with-a-15vp0mjc.png Table 1. Left : Comparison of the proposed approach (SOE) with a variety of alternatives. Right: Results for the proposed method (SOE): histogram representation comparing saliency values at eye-fixations locations (blue) versus random (green) locations. The KL-divergence score for the proposed algorithm is 0.624, a significant improvement over the previous top performer (AIM, KL=0.328) and reaching close to human performance (KL=0.679). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sample-results-from-the-usc-dataset-one-image-per-3u1lihzg.png Fig. 1. Sample results from the USC dataset (one image per video) - videos 1-20: Upper row shows input image frames; lower row shows the saliency map produced by the proposed approach. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-the-proposed-methods-using-different-lr378zv8.png Table 2. Results of the proposed methods using different centre and surround radius values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sample-comparative-results-of-the-proposed-approach-vs-39enerek.png Fig. 4. Sample comparative results of the proposed approach vs. human fixation maps: The top row shows input image frames; the middle row shows saliency maps produced by the proposed approach; the bottom row shows the human derived fixation maps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sample-results-from-the-usc-dataset-one-image-per-d52nv1cb.png Fig. 3. Sample results from the USC dataset (one image per video) - videos 41-50: Upper row shows input image frames; lower row shows the saliency map produced by the proposed approach. https://scispace.com/papers/spatiotemporal-flood-sensitivity-to-annual-precipitation-26ymdcuwq3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-as-figure-2-now-for-region-3-of-austria-northern-3frp0mrs.png Figure 3. As Figure 2, now for region 3 of Austria (Northern Alps). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spatiotemporal-sensitivity-of-flood-peaks-to-sptutt7h.png Figure 2. Spatiotemporal sensitivity of flood peaks to precipitation for Austria as a whole, depicted as surface plots of the flood peaks ~Q p s;t with respect to precipitation sorted along space, mean annual precipitation (MAP), and time, mean regional precipitation (MRP). Also shown the best gradient fitting plane, the slopes of which are given by the median of all gradients along space and time. The axis are standardized and given in base-10 logarithmic scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-depiction-of-the-mean-annual-flood-peaks-q-p-in-log-d0gtrzvq.png Figure 6. Depiction of the mean annual flood peaks (Q p) (in log scale) with regards to mean catchment elevation. Blue dots represent Q p for each catchment as retrieved from the observational data sets. The cyan lines represent the phase space portrait of the dynamical model (equation (17)), considering an ensemble of 150 realizations with varying initial conditions in Q p. The coevolution rate is E51:7060:38. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-information-codependence-among-orographic-properties-fk6sx1ig.png Table 5. Information Codependence Among Orographic Properties and Hydroclimatic Variablesa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-slow-fast-dynamics-and-landscape-2u52d8om.png Figure 1. Schematic of slow-fast dynamics and landscape-climate coevolution. The left plot schematically depicts the short and long-term evolution of precipitation (P) or flood peaks (Q). The slow dynamics take place at the millennial scale and can be seen as a moving average of the fast dynamics over time windows at the decadal scale (33 years in the present study). The right plot depicts the slow, millennialscale dynamics of P or Q with Elevation, i.e., its phase space trajectory. It thus depicts a spatial codependence corresponding to the longterm landscape-climate coevolution. The red dots represent the short-term average of the fast dynamics of P or Q for different stages in the millennial evolution corresponding to the state of landscape-climate coevolution at catchments A, B, and C. https://scispace.com/papers/spatiotemporal-variations-of-surface-water-microplastics-2ntkds5f6s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-microplastic-abundance-number-of-plastic-items-per-2v1521h2.png Table 1. Microplastic abundance: number of plastic items per cubic meter of seawater (items·m-3), and longest 462 size of major axis (mm) collected from the surface waters off the west coast Kyushu, Japan. S.D.: standard 463 deviation, and M.A.D.: median absolute deviation. 464 https://scispace.com/papers/spatiotemporal-variability-of-lake-pco2-and-co2-fluxes-in-a-8j6isntpwy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-variability-in-co2-fluxes-in-the-three-depths-in-a-355tpie2.png Figure 4. Variability in CO2 fluxes in the three depths in (a) Erssjön and (b) Skottenesjön measured with the floating chambers fitted with CO2 sensors. The letters above the boxes represent the post-hoc test after GLM, and different letters mean significant difference at 0.05 level. The relative spatial fluxes were calculated by dividing the fluxes with mean flux of the sampling day to remove temporal variability. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-analysis-of-number-of-chambers-required-denoted-by-1zm1zw49.png Figure 7. Analysis of number of chambers required (denoted by vertical dashed lines) to capture the uncertainties in CO2 fluxes in Erssjön within 20% of the mean flux from all chambers (denoted by horizontal dashed lines) during the different sampling occasions of the year 2013. The fluxes were normalized to remove temporal variability (see section 2 for details), and all the panels are plotted to the same scale for comparison. The grey areas denote values within 5th and 95th percentiles in each bin. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-o-pco2aq-from-manual-measurements-in-erssjon-336gs4k2.png Figure 3. (a–o) pCO2aq from manual measurements in Erssjön during 2013, interpolated by the inverse distance weighted method. The colored scale denotes the date-specific pCO2aq, and the inset map denotes scale in relation to pCO2aq for the whole year for the purposes of comparison. The arrows at the top of the panels and the numbers above them show the average wind direction and speed (m s 1) during the 24 h deployment period, and the cross arrows denote changing winds. The curved arrows at the bottom of Figures 3a, 3l, and 3m denote mixing periods. See Figure 1 for the locations in which these measurements were made. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-estimated-normalized-fluxes-with-a-1yn8di7u.png Figure 6. Comparison of estimated normalized fluxes with (a and b) normalized pCO2aq (dark grey) and k (light grey) in Erssjön during 2013 showing a stronger dependence of fluxes, both spatially and temporally, on the variability in pCO2aq than on the k (R 2 of 0. 89 and 0.91 (p< 0.001) for space and time, respectively). The relative spatial and temporal values were normalized to remove temporal and spatial variabilities, respectively (see text for details). Original values are plotted against (c and d) CO2 fluxes for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-locations-of-the-study-lakes-in-the-skogaryd-36vajmm4.png Figure 1. The locations of the study lakes in the Skogaryd Research Catchment and of the floating chambers. The closed circles represent chambers where pCO2aq were sampled manually, and the open circles represent locations of the three chambers where CO2 fluxes were monitored by using sensors. The cross hairs indicate positions where DIC profiles and O2 measurements were made, the open triangles indicate the location of discharge monitoring stations, and the arrows denote the direction of streamflow in the catchment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sensor-pco2aq-in-the-three-lakes-in-2012-and-2013-1fomq0ya.png Figure 5. Sensor pCO2aq in the three lakes in 2012 and 2013 (data for both years and all depths combined) showing the magnitude of diel variability during different months. The y axis denotes the relative change in pCO2aq with respect to the daily mean pCO2aq (i.e., each pCO2aq value divided by the daily mean pCO2aq) to show the magnitude of diel change. The relative pCO2aq values were divided into six time categories of 00:00–03:00, 04:00–07:00, 08:00–11:00, 12:00–15:00, 16:00–19:00, and 20:00–23:00. The letters above the boxes represent Tukey’s post-hoc test from a GLM with the time categories, and if the letters are different, the groups are significantly different at a significance level of 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-co2-fluxes-and-manual-pco2aq-measurements-using-29x84qmw.png Figure 2. CO2 fluxes and manual pCO2aq measurements using floating chambers in the three lakes. The CO2 fluxes were measured during 2 years (2012 and 2013), whereas manual pCO2aq was measured in 2013 only. Each box includes data from all spatial points, and the length of the boxes indicates the amount of spatial variability. The boxes show quartiles and the median, the whiskers denote data within 1.5 times of the interquartile range, and the black dots denote values outside the interquartile range. The n values in the panels denote the total number of observations in each lake. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-reported-directly-measured-pco2aq-and-2ke3o6yq.png Table 1. Examples of Reported Directly Measured pCO2aq and Measured/Calculated CO2 Fluxes From Freshwaters https://scispace.com/papers/spb4p-an-essential-putative-rna-helicase-is-required-for-a-4cbgar333i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-ha-spb4p-localizes-to-the-nucleolus-indirect-1gdinh39.png FIGURE 9. HA-Spb4p localizes to the nucleolus+ Indirect immunofluorescence was performed with cells expressing HASpb4p from the SPB4 promoter (JDY8-1A YCplac111-HA-SPB4)+ A: Nop1p was detected by polyclonal rabbit anti-Nop1p antibodies, followed by decoration with a goat anti-rabbit fluorescein-conjugated antibody+ B: HA-Spb4p was detected by the monoclonal mouse anti-HA 16B12 antibody, followed by decoration with a goat anti-mouse rhodamine-conjugated antibody+ C: Chromatin DNA was stained using 49,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI)+ Pseudo-colors were assigned to the digitized micrographs (A–C) and images were merged+ Overlapping distributions are revealed in: (D) yellow for Nop1p and HA-Spb4p colocalization; (E) magenta for HA-Spb4p and chromatin DNA colocalization; and (F) cyan for Nop1p and chromatin DNA colocalization+ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pre-rrna-processing-in-s-cerevisiae-a-structure-of-3rpme66d.png FIGURE 1. Pre-rRNA processing in S. cerevisiae+ A: Structure of the 35S pre-rRNA and processing sites+ This precursor contains the sequences for the mature 18S, 5+8S, and 25S rRNAs that are separated by the two internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2, and flanked by two external transcribed spacers, 59 ETS and 39 ETS+ The location of various probes (numbered from 1 to 9) used in this study are indicated+ Bars represent mature rRNA species and lines the transcribed spacers+ B: Pre-rRNA processing pathway+ The 35S pre-rRNA is cleaved at site A0 by the endonuclease Rnt1p, generating the 33S pre-rRNA+ This molecule is subsequently processed at sites A1 and A2, resulting in the separation of the pre-rRNAs destined for the small and large ribosomal subunits+ The early pre-rRNA cleavages A0 to A2 are proposed to require a large snoRNP complex, which may be assisted by the putative ATP-dependent RNA helicases Dbp4p, Fal1p, Rok1p, and Rrp3p+ The final maturation of the 20S precursor takes place in the cytoplasm, where endonucleolytic cleavage at site D yields the mature 18S rRNA+ The 27SA2 precursor is processed by two alternative pathways that both lead to the formation of mature 5+8S and 25S rRNAs+ In the major pathway, the 27SA2 precursor is cleaved at site A3 by the RNase MRP complex+ The putative ATP-dependent RNA helicase Dpb3p assists in this processing step+ The 27SA3 precursor is exonucleolytically digested 59 r39 up to site B1S to yield the 27SBS precursor, a reaction requiring the exonucleases Xrn1p and Rat1p+A minor pathway processes the 27SA2 molecule at site B1L, producing the 27SBL pre-rRNA+While processing at site B1 is completed, the 39 end of mature 25S rRNA is generated by processing at site B2+ The subsequent ITS2 processing of both 27SB species appears to be identical+ Cleavage at sites C1 and C2 releases the mature 25S rRNA and the 7S pre-rRNA+ The latter undergoes exosome-dependent 39 r59 exonuclease digestion to the 39 end of the mature 5+8S rRNA+ It has been proposed that Dob1p/Mtr4p, a putative ATP-dependent RNA helicase, assists the exosome activity+ The data presented in this study suggest that Spb4p is required for a late step in the assembly of 60S ribosomal subunits, a process that may also involve three other putative ATP-dependent RNA helicases Dbp6p, Dbp7p, and Drs1p+ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-depletion-of-spb4p-affects-the-steady-state-levels-19rucip2.png FIGURE 5. Depletion of Spb4p affects the steady-state levels of pre-rRNA and mature rRNA species+ The strains JDY8-1A YCplac111-SPB4 (SPB4) and JDY8-1A pAS24-SPB4 (GAL::SPB4) were grown in YPGal and shifted for up to 36 h to YPD+ Cells were harvested at the indicated times and total RNA was extracted+ Equal amounts of total RNA (5 mg) were resolved on a 1+2% agarose–6% formaldehyde gel and transferred to a nylon membrane for northern hybridization+ The same filter was consecutively hybridized with all the different probes used+ A: Hybridization with probe 2 and 9 (see Fig+ 1A for location of the probes), base pairing to sequences within the mature 18S and 25S rRNAs, respectively+ B: Probe 1 in the 59 ETS+ C: Probe 3 in ITS1, between the sites D and A2+ D: Probe 4 in ITS1, between the sites A2 and A3+ E: Probe 5, 39 to site A3+ F: Probe 8 in ITS2, between the sites C2 and C1+ Positions of the different pre-rRNAs and mature rRNAs are indicated by arrows+ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-analysis-of-the-sedimentation-of-ha-spb4p-in-35wq8b6l.png FIGURE 8. Analysis of the sedimentation of HA-Spb4p in sucrose gradients+ Cells from JDY8-1A YCplac111-HA-SPB4 were grown at 30 8C and shifted to 18 8C for 12 h+ Cells were harvested at an OD600 of 0+8+ Cell extracts were resolved in 7–50% sucrose gradients containing a low concentration of Mg21 to dissociate ribosomes into subunits+ Fractions were collected, proteins were extracted from each fraction, and equal volumes were resolved on a 12% SDS– polyacrylamide gel and subjected to western blotting+ std stands for standards for protein molecular mass determination (Bio-Rad), T for total extract and numbers correspond to fraction numbers+ The same blot was decorated consecutively with different antibodies+ Monoclonal mouse anti-HA 16B12, monoclonal mouse anti-Nop1p and polyclonal rabbit anti-Ssm1p antibodies were used to detect HASpb4p, Nop1p, and Ssm1p, respectively+ Blots were decorated by the alkaline phosphatase reaction+The HA-Spb4p,Nop1p, and Ssm1p signals and the positions of the different pre-rRNAs found in the different fractions are indicated+ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-depletion-of-spb4p-leads-to-higher-steady-state-26avn4si.png FIGURE 6. Depletion of Spb4p leads to higher steady-state levels of the 27SB precursors+ The strains JDY8-1A YCplac111-SPB4 (SPB4) and JDY8-1A pAS24-SPB4 (GAL::SPB4) were grown in YPGal and shifted for up to 36 h to YPD+ Cells were harvested at the indicated times and total RNA was extracted+ Primer extension with oligonucleotide 8 within ITS2 reveals the processing sites B1S, B1L, and A2 (upper panel)+ The lower panel corresponds to a primer extension with oligonucleotide 5, priming 39 to site A3 and reveals the processing at this site+ Arrows indicate the positions of the primer extension stops corresponding to the different pre-rRNA species analyzed+ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-in-vivo-depletion-of-spb4p-a-growth-comparison-of-2ojf12gu.png FIGURE 2. In vivo depletion of Spb4p+ A: Growth comparison of JDY8-1A pAS24-SPB4 (GAL::SPB4) and its isogenic counterpart JDY8-1A YCplac111-SPB4 (SPB4)+ Cells were streaked on YPGal (Galactose) or YPD (Glucose) plates and incubated for 4 days at 30 8C+ B: Growth curve of JDY8-1A pAS24-SPB4 (GAL::SPB4, closed circles) and JDY8-1A YCplac111-SPB4 (SPB4, open circles) at 30 8C after shifting logarithmic cultures from YPGal to YPD for up to 36 h+ Data are represented as the doubling time at the different times in YPD+ C: Depletion of Spb4p+ The strains JDY8-1A YCplac111SPB4 (SPB4) and JDY8-1A pAS24-SPB4 (GAL::SPB4) were grown in YPGal and shifted to YPD for up to 36 h+ Cell extracts were prepared from samples harvested at the indicated times and assayed by western blotting+ Equal amounts of total protein (around 70 mg) were loaded in each lane, as judged by Coomassie staining of gels or red Ponceau staining of the blots (data not shown)+ Prestained markers (Bio-Rad) were used as standards for molecular mass determination+ Monoclonal mouse anti-HA 16B12 antibodies followed by alkaline phosphatase coupled goat anti-rabbit IgG were used to detect HA-Spb4p+ The HA-Spb4p signal is indicated by an arrow+ No signal was detected for untagged Spb4p (SPB4)+ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-27sb-pre-rrnas-accumulate-in-66s-pre-ribosomal-2hxw8ykv.png FIGURE 7. The 27SB pre-rRNAs accumulate in 66S pre-ribosomal particles+Wild-type (YAS168 YCplac111-SPB4) (A) and spb4-1 (YAS168) cells (B) were grown at 30 8C in YPD and shifted to 18 8C for 12 h+ Cells were harvested at an OD600 of 0+8+ Cell extracts were resolved in 7–50% sucrose gradients containing a low concentration of Mg21 to dissociate ribosomes into subunits+ The A254 was measured continuously+ Sedimentation is from left to right+ The peaks of free material and total 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits are indicated+ Fractions were collected and RNA was extracted from each fraction+ T stands for total extract and numbers indicate the fraction numbers+ Equal volumes were resolved on a 1+2% agarose–6% formaldehyde gel and transferred to a nylon membrane for northern hybridization+ The same filters were hybridized consecutively with different probes to detect the different pre-rRNAs and mature rRNAs indicated by the arrows+ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-depletion-of-spb4p-results-in-reduced-synthesis-of-eip2pugn.png FIGURE 4. Depletion of Spb4p results in reduced synthesis of 25S and 5+8S rRNAs+ A: Strains JDY8-1A YCplac111-SPB4 (SPB4) and JDY8-1A pAS24-SPB4 (GAL::SPB4) were grown at 30 8C in YPGal, shifted for 13 h to YPD, and then grown for 9 h in SD-Met+ Cells were pulse-labeled with [methyl-3H]methionine for 1 min, and then chased with an excess of cold methionine for 2, 5, and 15 min+ B: Strains JDY8-1A YCp50-SPB4 (SPB4) and JDY8-1A pAS24-SPB4 pRS416 (GAL::SPB4) were grown at 30 8C in SGal-Ura, and then shifted to SD-Ura for 22 h+ Cells were pulse-labeled with [5,6-3H]uracil for 2 min, and then chased with an excess of cold uracil for 5, 15, 30, and 60 min+ Total RNA was extracted and separated on 1+2% agarose–6% formaldehyde (A) or 7% polyacrylamide–50% urea gels (B), transferred to nylon membranes, and visualized by fluorography+ Approximately 20,000 c+p+m+ were loaded in each lane+ The positions of the different pre-rRNAs and mature rRNAs and tRNAs are indicated+ https://scispace.com/papers/spatiotemporal-variations-in-channel-changes-caused-by-43r7g5tb0m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-channel-change-mechanisms-that-occurred-in-the-hm80qtgj.png Table 7 Channel change mechanisms that occurred in the meanders (%) in reach 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-landsat-5-image-from-1985-that-shows-the-secondary-2zsx7c9b.png Fig. 8. Landsat 5 image from 1985 that shows the secondary channel as a part of the drainage network. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-morphodynamic-annual-values-103-m2-to-each-period-in-1oesobyl.png Table 8 Morphodynamic annual values (103 m2) to each period in reach 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-example-of-complex-cutoffs-involving-channel-15yyw1qh.png Fig. 7. (A) Example of complex cutoffs involving channel reoccupation butwith theflow in the opposite direction in one portion, A1; (B) the growth of themeander example and the characteristic narrowing preceding neck cutoff formation, alongwith a cutoff in ameander with lower amplitude. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-sinuosity-and-number-of-bends-in-reach-2-1mhtunpr.png Table 9 Sinuosity and number of bends in reach 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-variation-in-the-wavelength-a-and-amplitude-b-in-1a7ackmr.png Fig. 9. The variation in the wavelength (A) and amplitude (B) in reach 2; the morphometric parameters indicate a marked change between 1978 and 1997. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-peixe-river-is-located-inbrazil-and-b-is-part-of-2s912k8l.png Fig. 1. (A) The Peixe River is located inBrazil and (B) is part of thehydrographicnetworkof the upper Paraná River basin. (C) The reaches located in the alluvial valley along the lower course of the Peixe River, and thefluvial gauging station and reservoir in theupstream section. (D) In the 1995 Landsat image, reach 4 is shown before inundation from a reservoir downstream in the Paraná River in 1998. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-variations-in-the-wavelength-a-and-amplitude-b-in-1utyifv6.png Fig. 11. The variations in the wavelength (A) and amplitude (B) in reach 3. https://scispace.com/papers/speaker-inconsistency-detection-in-tampered-video-4cj4d2q63d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-screenshot-from-tampered-video-grid-corpus-showing-5an8fnge.png Fig. 3. Screenshot from tampered video (GRID corpus) showing detected visual features and spectrogram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-68-landmarks-detected-by-dlib-library-this-image-3fhymo9u.png Fig. 2. The 68 landmarks detected by dlib library. This image was created by Brandon Amos of CMU who works on OpenFace. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-det-curves-for-lstm-based-tampering-detection-system-3grlczoi.png Fig. 5. DET curves for LSTM-based tampering detection system on different databases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-similar-looking-spectrograms-of-genuine-and-tampered-1go127ab.png Fig. 6. Similar looking spectrograms of genuine and tampered speech from GRID corpus. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-screenshots-from-three-databases-used-in-the-3bui9lwd.png Fig. 1. Example screenshots from three databases used in the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-details-for-vidtimit-ami-and-grid-databases-2awgknf9.png TABLE I DETAILS FOR VIDTIMIT, AMI, AND GRID DATABASES. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-eer-values-of-lstm-based-tampering-detection-system-2a9hxdja.png TABLE II EER VALUES OF LSTM-BASED TAMPERING DETECTION SYSTEM FOR TRAIN AND TEST SETS FROM THREE DATABASES. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-features-and-the-architecture-of-lstm-network-30dvkx97.png Fig. 4. Features and the architecture of LSTM network. https://scispace.com/papers/speaker-diarization-of-overlapping-speech-based-on-silence-1hniubcw6n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cross-entropy-measure-for-various-window-lengths-1ku0mf2n.png Figure 4:Cross entropy measure for various window lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-performance-of-overlap-detectors-a-f-measures-of-2ae8imcy.png Figure 5:Performance of overlap detectors. (a) F-measures of baseline detector, and detector based on silence statistics estimated based on automatic SAD. (b) Precision(dashed line), Recall(solid line) for classifiers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimation-of-probabilities-of-single-speech-and-2in2c47h.png Figure 3:Estimation of probabilities of single-speech and overlap states for a framei based on duration of silencesli present in the segmentsi centered around the framei. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-speaker-vocalizations-from-a-snippet-of-multi-party-3d13afzg.png Figure 1: Speaker vocalizations from a snippet of multi-party conversation. The fixed length segments (a) and (c) are in regions of speaker change and contain overlap whereas segments (b) and(d) contain single speaker speech. It can be observed that dur ion of silence within segments a,c is significantly less when compared to that in b,d. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-probability-of-overlap-based-on-silence-duration-3ak11uwk.png Figure 2:Probability of overlap based on silence duration obtained using ground truth speech/sil segmentation and automatic SAD output. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ders-for-various-systems-on-test-set-using-with-co6hoodj.png Table 1:DERs for various systems on test set using with relative improvements over baseline within parenthesis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-f-measures-for-the-overlap-detectors-on-test-set-at-3kj304zn.png Table 2:F-measures for the overlap detectors on test set at the operating points used for speaker diarization https://scispace.com/papers/speaking-with-a-forked-tongue-about-multilingualism-in-the-2ei4a69ha8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-contrasting-the-language-thrusts-of-provisions-on-29ehetqs.png Table 2 Contrasting the language thrusts of provisions on the basis of demodalisation and activation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-evolved-ratings-of-students-perceptions-of-how-6kx6r41x.png Table 4 Evolved ratings of students’ perceptions of how committed the language policy is to multilingualism https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-contrasting-the-language-thrusts-of-provisions-on-cdvjghuo.png Table 1 Contrasting the language thrusts of provisions on the basis of process types https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-use-of-conditionals-in-the-language-policy-m6vpqsan.png Table 3 The use of conditionals in the language policy provisions https://scispace.com/papers/special-features-of-the-structure-and-phase-composition-of-a-497ngczj8c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-microstructure-of-a-sintered-specimen-after-1-h-361jilbs.png Fig. 4. Microstructure of a sintered specimen after 1-h annealing at 800°C (a) and phase composition of the diffusion layer according to the Ti – Al – Nb ternary diagram [11] (b ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-microstructure-of-specimens-after-sintering-a-and-1dlpntg2.png Fig. 3. Microstructure of specimens after sintering (a) and after annealing at 650°C for 6 h (b ), SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-schematic-representation-of-the-phase-composition-and-9qdcnpuu.png Fig. 7. Schematic representation of the phase composition and structure of diffusion layers of a “titanium alloy – aluminum” layered composite (in high-temperature state) after different modes of treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-initial-microstructure-of-a-foil-from-intermetallic-115jb7gd.png Fig. 1. Initial microstructure of a foil from intermetallic alloy Ti – 23Al – 26Nb. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-drawing-of-device-for-plasma-spark-sintering-1-vacuum-3rrhtkgb.png Fig. 2. Drawing of device for plasma-spark sintering: 1 ) vacuum chamber; 2 ) upper (mobile) stem; 3 ) lower stem; 4 ) graphite set; 5 ) thermocouple; 6 ) pyrometer; 7 ) system controller; 8 ) pulse generator of direct current; 9 ) modules for creating furnace atmosphere. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mxrsa-data-for-a-specimen-annealed-at-850degc-3o2k2b6g.png TABLE 1. MXRSA Data for a Specimen Annealed at 850°C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-phase-composition-of-the-diffusion-layer-of-specimens-1ekdap2y.png Fig. 5. Phase composition of the diffusion layer of specimens annealed at 1000°C for 1 h in accordance with the ternary Ti – Al – Nb diagram [11]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-microstructure-of-a-sintered-specimen-after-12-h-2hf49eaa.png Fig. 6. Microstructure of a sintered specimen after 12-h annealing at 1000°C (a) and phase composition of the diffusion layer according to the Ti – Al – Nb ternary diagram [11] (b ). https://scispace.com/papers/special-report-on-tea-raising-in-south-carolina-by-charles-u-5b0wpzrjhj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-showing-frequency-ofprolonged-periods-of-low-v3hgkds7.png TABLE 1. Showing frequency ofprolonged periods of low temperature at Charleston, S. C., for January, February, and December, 1871, to date (January, 1893), inclusive. https://scispace.com/papers/special-tactics-a-bayesian-approach-to-tactical-decision-451hicflhv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-p-a-for-varying-values-of-e-and-t-summed-on-the-other-1ll2a1su.png Fig. 5. P(A) for varying values of E and T , summed on the other variables, for Terran in TvT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-p-h-hp-for-varying-values-h-and-for-different-values-1caf66ud.png Fig. 4. P(H|HP ) for varying values H and for different values of P (derived from inferred TT ), for Protoss in PvT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-p-h-air-and-p-h-drop-for-varying-values-of-ad-summed-98e066iw.png Fig. 3. P(H = air) and P(H = drop) for varying values of AD (summed on other variables), for Terran in TvP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-summary-for-multiple-metrics-at-30-seconds-11w0twnb.png TABLE I RESULTS SUMMARY FOR MULTIPLE METRICS AT 30 SECONDS BEFORE ATTACK. THE NUMBER IN BOLD (38.0) IS READ AS “38% OF THE TIME, THE REGION i WITH PROBABILITY OF RANK 1 IN P(Ai) IS THE ONE IN WHICH THE ATTACK HAPPENED 30 SECONDS LATER”. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mean-p-a-h-for-all-h-values-and-the-top-8-p-ai-hi-2c2x4b6j.png Fig. 6. Mean P(A,H) for all H values and the top 8 P(Ai, Hi) values, for Terran in TvZ. The larger the white square area, the higher P(Ai, Hi). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-gameplay-levels-of-abstraction-for-rts-games-compared-rslq5jcg.png Fig. 1. Gameplay levels of abstraction for RTS games, compared with their level of direct (and complete) information and orders of magnitudes of time to chance their policies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-information-centric-view-of-the-starcraft-bot-player-1nu33fzr.png Fig. 2. Information centric view of the StarCraft bot player, the part presented in this paper is inside dotted lines (tactics). Dotted arrows represent constraints on what is possible, plain simple arrows represent simple (real) values, either from data or decisions, and double arrows represent probability distributions on possible values. The grayed surfaces are the components actuators (passing orders to the game). https://scispace.com/papers/special-treatment-flexibilities-in-the-politics-of-50ca2s8cbo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dominant-and-flexible-gatekeeping-regimes-sf7nlz7h.png Table 1. Dominant and flexible gatekeeping regimes https://scispace.com/papers/specially-designed-solar-cells-for-hybrid-photovoltaic-43owmxgnve 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-absorber-temperature-vs-thermal-power-removal-for-a-1jr3c79d.png Figure 1. Absorber temperature Vs thermal power removal for a blackbody absorber (α=ε=1) and a selective surface (α=0.9, ε=0.1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-light-iv-curve-of-a-2-x-2-cm2-piece-of-commercial-c-2mxt2xvv.png Figure 4. Light IV curve of a 2 x 2 cm2 piece of commercial c-Si solar cell measured under an AM1.5 spectrum before and after the application of the ITO coating. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-mir-reflectivity-of-c-si-wafers-with-and-8efqorj9.png Figure 3. The MIR reflectivity of c-Si wafers with and without an applied ITO coating. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-absorptivity-profile-for-a-selective-surface-with-35u6sz1u.png Figure 2. Αbsorptivity profile for a selective surface, with strong absorptivity at short wavelengths where the solar flux is high and low emissivity at longer wavelengths where thermal emission takes place. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dotted-line-am1-5g-spectrum-for-energies-below-the-daby3bg9.png Figure 5 Dotted line: AM1.5G spectrum for energies below the c-Si bandgap. Dashed line: Power absorbed in a planar Al rear contact. Solid line: Power absorbed in a nanotextured Al rear contact. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-configurations-of-surface-textures-studied-in-this-2bib1lnm.png Figure 6. Configurations of surface textures studied in this work https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sem-images-of-the-surface-pyramids-left-and-the-5umhkmbo.png Figure 7. SEM images of the surface pyramids (left) and the nanopillars (right). https://scispace.com/papers/specialized-algorithm-for-navigation-of-a-micro-hopping-air-14290tkh8z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-cross-versus-range-for-example-10-hop-sequence-30ko8zez.png Fig. 10. Cross versus range for example 10 hop sequence https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-altitude-versus-cross-range-versus-range-for-example-rdijo2ax.png Fig. 6. Altitude versus cross range versus range for example hop https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-cross-range-versus-range-for-example-hop-2x33p6dn.png Fig. 7. Cross range versus range for example hop https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-micro-hopping-rotochute-prototype-vehicle-j1y1pa5p.png Fig. 4. Micro hopping rotochute prototype vehicle https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-vehicle-orientation-accuracy-comparison-and-general-1pf7jvhw.png Table 3. Vehicle orientation accuracy comparison and general statistics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-navigation-algorithm-flowchart-1kgvgcn4.png Fig. 3. Navigation algorithm flowchart https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-roll-and-pitch-angle-versus-time-for-example-hop-13z0bjy0.png Fig. 8. Roll and pitch angle versus time for example hop https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-vehicle-position-error-comparison-and-general-vehojz17.png Table 2. Vehicle position error comparison and general statistics for all 20 hop sequences https://scispace.com/papers/speciation-versus-phenotypic-plasticity-in-coral-inhabiting-5dcdkkppiu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-ofsavignium-dentatumshells-a-c-e-g-and-terga-b-d-f-1o218tb9.png Fig. 2. SEM ofSavignium dentatumshells(A, C, E, G) and terga(B, D, F, H). Barnacles were collected fromC. chalcidicum(A, B), P. lamellina (C, D), F. favus(E, F); andF. abdita(G, H). p, shell projections; tt, tergal tooth. Scale bars: (A) 400mm; (B, F) 100mm; (C, E) 500mm; (D) 200 mm; (G) 1 mm; (H) 300mm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-red-sea-coral-inhabiting-and-free-living-barnacles-ndhdp0ui.png Table 1. Red Sea coral-inhabiting and free-living barnacles examined in this study and their typical substrates https://scispace.com/papers/species-and-individual-replacements-contribute-more-than-1ej6uosff9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-species-richness-and-abundance-of-vertebrate-2oe1oiia.png Table 1. Species richness and abundance of vertebrate scavenger communities in different ecosystems in mainland Spain. Sample coverage (i.e. sampled fraction of the total of individuals in the community) was calculated on abundance data (Chao et al. 2014). Obs. Observed species richness. Est. S, species richness estimated at equal sample coverage for all the study locations to compare (i.e. 99% in our analyses, S = 0.990). See Supplementary material Appendix 1 Table A1 for detailed data on species composition. https://scispace.com/papers/species-delimitation-in-the-coral-genus-goniopora-4s4ot42mv1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-box-plots-of-morphometric-variables-examined-for-a-1z8ebkfz.png Fig. 8 Box plots of morphometric variables examined for (a) each morphospecies of Goniopora, and (b) for each molecular-defined clade of Goniopora; CaD: long diameter of calice; CoD: long diameter of columella; CD: distance between centroids. Colors indicate (a) morphospecies and (b) genetic lineages labeled at the top and at the bottom. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-haploweb-of-nuclear-atpsb-colored-circles-represent-kn1qssgf.png Fig. 3 Haploweb of nuclear ATPsβ. Colored circles represent haplotypes and their sizes are proportional to the frequencies of coral colonies sharing the same haplotype. Colored lines connect haplotypes of heterozygous individuals while the colors refer to morphospecies assignments. Numbers on the branches indicate the number of mutated positions in the alignment that differentiate each haplotype. Cohesive clusters of haplotypes are enclosed in dashed black circles. https://scispace.com/papers/species-genes-and-the-tree-of-life-jzo3xdd74d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-population-of-organisms-with-the-history-of-a-bj7fto5r.png Figure 1. A population of organisms with the history of a single gene (a copy of a single allele) highlighted. The diagram is inspired by those in Maddison (1995). https://scispace.com/papers/specific-and-generic-unsupervised-algorithms-for-nilm-4jxx5ym9gv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-transient-power-consumed-by-a-fridge-while-starting-2636hi1f.png Fig. 5. Transient power consumed by a fridge while starting https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-results-on-field-data-in-left-dataset-house-1-center-l74kezjf.png Fig. 7. Results on field data (in %). left: dataset house 1, center: dataset house 2, right: dataset house 3. Table in left corner: comparison with [6], [8] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-structure-3jhg1y2q.png Fig. 1. General structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-energy-consumed-by-appliance-for-a-household-total-y27jjtq3.png Fig. 2. Energy consumed by appliance for a household (Total consumption: 4500kWh/year) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-consumption-of-a-washing-machine-during-one-cycle-129wn9h6.png Fig. 6. Consumption of a washing machine during one cycle https://scispace.com/papers/species-relationships-in-the-genus-bryodaemon-coleoptera-19i8ehjjjw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-8uz2fhbw.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-principal-component-analysis-for-morphological-3uzcsa4j.png Fig. 3. (A) Principal Component Analysis for morphological characters (arrows) and populations of males. (B) PCA analysis for morphological characters (arrows) and populations of females. C1-C33 – characters in which variation was detected (see Table 2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-29e9xjmp.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phylogenetic-tree-of-carpathian-bryodaemon-populations-3u5avxze.png Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree of Carpathian Bryodaemon populations constructed using ITS-2 (A), EF1-á (B) and COI (C) markers with maximum parsimony. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phylogenetic-tree-of-carpathian-bryodaemon-populations-3vpioau8.png Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree of Carpathian Bryodaemon populations constructed using ITS-2 (A), EF1-á (B) and COI (C) markers with Bayesian analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/species-specific-gene-duplication-in-arabidopsis-thaliana-43dwd0x4yy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ka-ks-ratio-of-new-gene-and-parental-gene-w67g96dp.png Table 1. Ka/Ks ratio of new gene and parental gene https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ka-ks-sliding-window-analysis-1q2viog0.png Figure 3. Ka/Ks sliding window analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-exov-at3g57110-duplicated-from-exov-l-1sd4zk1j.png Figure 2. Evolution of Exov (AT3G57110) duplicated from Exov-L (AT5G60370) inferred from gene structure and syntenic analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-distribution-of-observed-traits-in-the-growth-encxu4xs.png Figure 1. The distribution of observed traits in the growth of A. thaliana as adapted from Boyes et al. (2001). The black dots on the time axis, highlighted by green frames, are the timing of 7 phenotypic measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-distribution-of-phenotypic-effects-on-seven-traits-2pzp79bd.png Figure 6. Distribution of phenotypic effects on seven traits of single exov, exov-l and double exov, exov-l mutants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-generation-of-crispr-cas9-mutants-and-measurement-u15hd8xy.png Figure 5. Generation of CRISPR-Cas9 mutants and measurement of their phenotypic effects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pca-analysis-of-the-phenotypic-effect-of-the-new-1y68dpe2.png Figure 7. PCA analysis of the phenotypic effect of the new and parental genes and their distances of phenotypic evolution (PEDs). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-expression-analyses-of-mutants-for-exov-and-evov-l-29okwn8l.png Figure 4. Expression analyses of mutants for Exov and Evov-L using RT-PCR and RNAseq. https://scispace.com/papers/specific-rearrangement-reactions-of-acetylated-lysine-3xus3vcony 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-ms3-mass-spectrum-of-b3-ion-from-protonated-2yga66re.png Figure 6. (a) MS3 mass spectrum of b3 ion from protonated YAKAcGFLVG, (b) MS4 mass spectrum of m/z 252 ion from b3 ion of protonated YAKAcGFLVG and (c) MS/MS mass spectrum of [M+H] + ion from protonated YA-NH2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-ms3-mass-spectra-of-b7-b6-b5-and-1s0rbkaf.png Figure 4. Comparison of the MS3 mass spectra of b7, b6, b5 and b4 ions originated from protonated YAKAcGFLVG. https://scispace.com/papers/specific-surface-area-model-for-foam-permeability-3fxv6sjdyi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dimensionless-specific-surface-area-as-a-function-gil5cm0h.png Figure 2: Dimensionless specific surface area as a function of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dimensionless-foam-permeability-as-a-function-of-1xhkm7z9.png Figure 3: Dimensionless foam permeability as a function of .. Experimental data (open squares) are plotted against available theory for dry foams (eq. 14) and the theory derived in this paper. Open circles correspond to data published in [7] for oil-in-water emulsions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-surface-area-of-a-bubble-s-and-films-surface-area-nx039uyo.png Figure 1: Surface area of a bubble (S) and films surface area of this bubble (Sf) normalized by the surface of the volume-equivalent spherical bubble (S0) as a function of . https://scispace.com/papers/specific-merluccius-otolith-growth-patterns-related-to-4m14v4zude 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cluster-analysis-linear-correlation-upgma-2batvmrl.png Figure 1. Cluster analysis (linear correlation, UPGMA) indicating relationships shown by the four ¢rst growth increments width (PR to R2) of the sagittae. Cophenetic correlation coe⁄cient, CCC= 0.71. Chaining, C¼0.31. Minimum linear correlation, MC¼0.71. PR, pelagic ring; DR, demersal ring; Rn, annuli. The species of the EuroAfrican group are indicated in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-and-standard-deviations-of-c-rst-eight-growth-1ya4fiad.png Table 2. Means and standard deviations of ¢rst eight growth increments width from the Merluccius studied species. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-n-of-merluccius-otoliths-analysed-26mr3wka.png Table 1. Number (N) of Merluccius otoliths analysed, geographical origin of specimens, depth distribution and temperature range by species, and depth distribution and temperature in juvenile area. Mean temperatures are based in Levitus (1982) database. https://scispace.com/papers/specific-viral-rna-drives-the-sars-cov-2-nucleocapsid-to-515dcr0mpa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-n-protein-and-rna-mediated-phase-separation-a-top-7l0yunam.png Figure 1: N-protein and RNA mediated phase separation: A) Top: domain structure of N-protein. Bottom: disorder plot (y-axis) of N-protein (X-axis)(IUPred, (44)). B) N-protein undergoes concentration dependent LLPS with full-length gRNA. C) SARS-CoV-2 genome with regions tested for phase separation color coded: 5'-End (1-1000; turquoise), Frameshifting-region (13401-14400; magenta), homologous to published SARS-PS SARS-CoV packaging signal equivalent (19782-20363; green), Nucleocapsid fused to first 75 nt of 5'-End (grey line) (=subgenomic Nucleocapsid RNA; 1-75 + 28273-29533; purple) D) FRESCo (38) analysis of synonymous substitution restraints in ORF1ab. Significant synonymous constraints at four confidence cutoffs (1e-3, 1e-4, 1e-5, 1e-6) assessed over a ten-codon sliding window are marked by magenta lines. Tested regions correspond to those shown in C. E) Different RNA regions from SARS-CoV-2 (at 5nM) either drive or solubilize N-protein (1 µM) droplets. F) Ability of 5'-End and Frameshiftingregion RNA to drive or solubilize condensation of N-protein (4 µM) over increasing RNA concentrations. G) Phase diagram of N-protein with either 5'-End or Frameshifting-region RNA at indicated concentrations. Quantification corresponds to microscopy images in Figure S2A. H) Length dependence of N-protein (2 µM) LLPS was assessed with Frameshifting-region and 5'-End RNAs extended with non-specific plasmid sequences (at 5 nM RNA). Scale bar, 8 µm unless otherwise noted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temperature-dependence-and-specificity-of-phase-1xiwf47i.png Figure 2: Temperature dependence and specificity of phase separation. A) N-protein (green) phase separates in a temperature-dependent manner (upper panel). Temperature-dependence is shifted when viral 5'-End RNA (magenta) is present (lower panel). B) Quantification of average protein intensity from (B) based on fluorescence intensity. C) Quantification of droplet area from (B). D) Quantification of protein/RNA ratio based on fluorescence intensity. E) 5'- End (yellow, upper panel) is recruited into preformed 5'-End /N-protein droplets (pink and green) but Nucleocapsid RNA (yellow, lower panel) is not efficiently recruited. F) Quantification of (E) showing intensity of second RNA added to preformed droplets. G) Mixing 5'-End and Frameshifting-region RNAs makes N-protein condensates with intermediate properties. Scale bar, 8 µm unless otherwise noted. Violin plots are scaled to have equal widths. Outliers not shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-n-protein-phase-separates-in-mammalian-cells-and-2h553v8d.png Figure 4: N-protein phase separates in mammalian cells and can be disrupted by small molecules. A) N-protein: GFP forms concentration dependent condensates in HEK293 cells. The fire LUT marks low expression in purple and high expression in yellow. B) Condensates per µ2 increased with N:GFP expression level. C) N:GFP was excluded from nuclei (marked with H2B:mCherry) of HEK293 cells. D) N:GFP condensates fused in HEK293 cells. Top panel: representative cells, Bottom panel: enlarged of fusion event, Scale bar, 1 µm. E) N:GFP condensates recovered partially after FRAP. Top panel shows representative condensate FRAP. Bottom panel: zoom of N:GFP condensate. Scale bar, 1 µm. F) Condensates recovered to 24% within 1 minute error bars show standard deviation from N=18 condensates. G/H) 9% 1-,6-hexanediole prevents N-protein/Frameshifting-region RNA LLPS. I/J) 1 mg/ml lipoic acid partially prevents N-protein/Frameshifting-region RNA LLPS. K/L) 5 mg/ml kanamycin partially prevents Nprotein/Frameshifting-region RNA LLPS. M) 5 mg/ml kanamycin causes relocalization of N:GFP to the cell nucleus in 37% of treated cells (N= 105, 0% in H2O, N=100). Scale bar, 10 µm unless otherwise noted. https://scispace.com/papers/specification-and-estimation-of-network-formation-and-1lx57h0zo1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimation-result-based-on-smoking-1s0y3iyn.png Table 3: Estimation result based on Smoking https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-friendship-network-from-the-gpa-sample-3vj2cdsj.png Figure 1: A friendship network from the GPA sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-friendship-network-from-the-smoking-sample-3dov9qkb.png Figure 2: A friendship network from the Smoking sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-2-simulation-results-based-on-dgp-ii-72mejl2a.png Figure A.2: Simulation results based on DGP-II https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-simulation-results-based-on-dgp-i-bg3ba37r.png Figure A.1: Simulation results based on DGP-I https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-2m6q9vc7.png Table 1: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimation-result-based-on-both-gpa-and-smoking-340ocev4.png Table 4: Estimation result based on both GPA and Smoking https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-result-based-on-gpa-160w07mt.png Table 2: Estimation result based on GPA https://scispace.com/papers/specification-and-formal-verification-of-security-4mktpdrs3w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-high-level-specification-example-2otw3m9v.png Figure 1: High level specification example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-full-cycle-1amfjdzq.png Figure 2: Full cycle https://scispace.com/papers/specification-and-simulation-of-synthetic-multicelled-d2zbkptgyl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-programmed-morphology-a-an-example-finite-state-396ivo8r.png Figure 5. Programmed morphology. (A) An example finite state machine that guides the behavior of a given cell to produce bands. Cells start in the center state and switch to new states based on whether they are mother cells or daughter cells after division or if timers have gone off. (B) An example run of the specification in panel A. Starting with a single cell, the cells divide and take on different roles eventually forming the three desired bands of fluorescent protein expressing cells. (C) Several example runs, highlighting the stochastic nature of the system’s behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-gro-main-loop-in-each-iteration-of-the-gro-yewzkcry.png Figure 1. (A) The gro main loop. In each iteration of the gro main loop, the states of the cells are updated and cell divisions are processed, then cell deaths are accounted for, the diffusion and degradation dynamics of signals are numerically integrated, and finally the cell-to-cell forces due to growth are numerically integrated. (B) Cell division semantics. When a cell divides, the values of the variables of the parent and daughter cells are reassigned. Numerical variables have their states approximately divided in two while variables of other types remain fixed during division. The Boolean variables just_divided and daughter are assigned just after division for programs to detect the division event. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-underlying-physics-of-the-gro-simulator-mimic-2p0ftwdf.png Figure 2. The underlying physics of the gro simulator mimic the growth of bacteria in a single layer. (A) A snapshot of the simulator showing a small microcolony. As the cells grow and divide, they push each other away. Also illustrated is the stochasticity of the copy number of a fluorescent marker. (B) Microcolony growth. The volume and the number of cells change over time. Since cell division sizes are random, the number of cells increases stochastically, while the volume increases more smoothly. (C and D) The same data as in panels A and B, but for actual E. coli expressing GFP and growing under a fluorescence microscope sandwiched between glass and agar. The growth rate in panel B is set to 0.0081 fL/min, which was obtained by fitting the cell count data in panel D to an exponential growth model. Note that, due to the time-resolution of sampling, not all cell divisions appear as they are in panel B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-high-level-specification-of-the-population-control-2h0e3x6j.png Figure 6. High-level specification of the population control circuit introduced by You et al.7 (A, B) Cells emit a signal, which diffuses through the environment. The cells undergo lysis at a rate proportional to concentration of the signal. The parameters k1−k4 can be tuned to produce a variety of effects. (C) By varying the degradation rate k2 of the signal, different population densities can be achieved. The plot shows the number of cells in a fixed volume microchemostat versus time. (D) Snapshots of the population control system running in gro’s chemostat mode, using different values of the degradation rate parameter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-two-refinements-of-the-population-control-xyzpju62.png Figure 7. Two refinements of the population control specification p0 described in Figure 5. (A) A model of autonomous population control involving three proteins: LuxI synthesizes AHL, the LuxR transcription factor is activated by AHL and activates pLuxI promoter, and CcdB triggers cell apoptosis. (B) The section of the original specification p0 that causes apoptosis has been replaced by reactions describing production and degradation of the protein CcdB. The rate of lysis has been changed to be proportional to the amount of the CcdB protein. (C) A further refinement in which the production and sensing of the signal are controlled by the LuxI and LuxR proteins, respectively. New levels of detail require more parameters, in this case k5−k10. (D) The refinements produce, qualitatively, the same behavior as does the original specification, as shown in this plot of number of cells (in a fixed volume microchemostat) versus time for different values of k2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-specification-of-gfp-production-in-a-growing-1bysm483.png Figure 3. Specification of GFP production in a growing microcolony of E. coli. (A) GFP production in which a single gene is transcribed to produce mRNA, which is translated to produce the GFP protein. (B) A gro program encoding the model. Physical constants are declared first. Then the program p() is defined and includes two variable initializations and four guarded commands that encode production and degradation reactions. Finally, the program is associated with a single cell. (C) The initial cell grows and divides. The copy numbers of the mRNA and GFP molecules change over time due to stochastic gene expression and stochasticity in cell division. Each different colored trace represents the GFP/volume of a different single cell. The black line represents the average of the GFP/volume taken over all the cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-specification-of-an-edge-detection-behavior-a-a-3mrtmt6z.png Figure 4. Specification of an edge detection behavior. (A) A timed automaton specification of the edge detection system. (B) The edge() program in gro. Cells either stochastically start waves or propagate waves. If the concentration of the signal is below a the threshold some number of minutes after propagating a wave, the cell is likely near the edge of the microcolony. (C) The first wave, initiated in the middle of a microcolony, propagates to the edge. Cells detecting the edge condition turn red. (D) A more mature microcolony in which cells have already detected the edge. Spontaneous wave behavior continues, reinforcing edge detection. https://scispace.com/papers/specification-centered-robustness-4xb9p2nzlw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-non-robust-2-robust-and-a-1-robust-system-2drqxl2w.png Fig. 3. A non-robust, 2-robust, and a 1-robust system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cost-automata-counting-violations-of-a-and-gi-1brh3yrd.png Fig. 2. Cost automata counting violations of A and Gi, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-automata-a-for-always-r1-r2-and-gi-for-always-ri-next-ww223ndm.png Fig. 1. Automata A for always(¬(r1∧r2)) and Gi for always(ri→next gi). https://scispace.com/papers/specified-dynamics-scheme-impacts-on-wave-mean-flow-dynamics-3h3k6ntebz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-as-in-fig-9-but-for-carbon-monoxide-3crrxh6d.png Figure 10. As in Fig. 9, but for carbon monoxide. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-tropical-ozone-a-mean-and-b-percent-difference-from-2k1xhjma.png Figure 9. Tropical ozone (a) mean and (b) percent difference from the reference meteorology, and (c) residual vertical velocity for all nudging timescales at 24 meteorology updates per day. Average taken from 20S to 20N. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-negative-of-the-projection-of-top-row-root-mean-3rsm7qw8.png Figure 11. Negative of the projection of (top row) root-mean-square temporal error, (middle row) root-mean-square spatial error, and (bottom row) mean error in the (left column) TEM streamfunction and (right column) EP flux and divergence onto (top and middle rows) logarithm of meteorology frequency and (bottom row) nudging timescale. Projection in shading (logarithmic scale), climatology in contours, and EP flux in vectors, scaled as in Edmon et al. (1980). In (a), (c), and (e) the climatological TEM streamfunction is contoured 0.05, 0.5, 5, and 50×109 kg/s, with positive values solid and negative values dashed. In (b), (d), and (f) the climatological EP flux divergence is contoured every 2 m/s/day, with negative values solid. The tropopause is shown by the black and white dotted contour. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-globally-and-vertically-averaged-root-mean-square-25x6pvt8.png Figure 1. Globally- and vertically-averaged root-mean-square temporal error in (a) temperature, (b) convective mass flux, (c) EP flux divergence, and (d) the TEM streamfunction as a function of meteorology frequency (horizontal axis) and nudging timescale (see legend). For reference, the globally- and vertically-averaged temporal standard deviation of each field is shown in each panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-as-in-fig-1-but-for-the-root-mean-square-spatial-1rnvbpii.png Figure 2. As in Fig. 1, but for the root-mean-square spatial error, and the globally- and vertically-averaged spatial standard deviation of each field is shown in each panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-as-in-fig-13-but-for-carbon-monoxide-14hmq74q.png Figure 15. As in Fig. 13, but for carbon monoxide. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-global-average-a-root-mean-square-temporal-error-b-b2gimt8r.png Figure 14. Global average (a) root-mean-square temporal error, (b) root-mean-square spatial error, and (c) sign-adaptive mean error in ozone attributable to the TEM residual circulation and TEM eddy flux convergences, based on the projections in the right column of Fig. 13 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tropical-convective-mass-flux-a-mean-and-b-m564119k.png Figure 4. Tropical convective mass flux (a) mean and (b) difference from the reference meteorology, and (c) temperature nudging tendency for all nudging timescales at 24 meteorology updates per day. Average taken from 20S to 20N. https://scispace.com/papers/specifying-distributed-multi-agent-systems-in-chemical-3rwcdocl5l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-software-architecture-for-the-producer-consumer-38lfnwbj.png Fig. 2 Software architecture for the producer-consumer program https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-conversation-schemata-for-course-maintenance-15dn14sr.png Fig. 1 A conversation schemata for course maintenance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-software-architecture-for-the-producer-multi-consumer-2dy02wx5.png Fig. 3 Software architecture for the producer-multi-consumer program https://scispace.com/papers/speckle-interferometry-at-10-micrometers-wavelength-a-tzoqrpc1lx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-observation-of-a-delamination-in-cfrp-structure-in-mkh1o61g.png Figure 5. Observation of a delamination in CFRP structure in workshop condition with the FANTOM system. (a) the instrument in typical working position in the testing facility, (b) Phase difference image showing the deformation, (c) Thermal difference image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-principle-of-combination-of-speckle-interferometry-3ond6ntg.png Figure 1. Principle of combination of speckle interferometry and thermography in LWIR, with specklegrams and thermograms shown along a line and in two different object states a,b. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mobile-lwir-espi-interferometer-fantom-system-a-3f8i7fkc.png Figure 2. Mobile LWIR ESPI interferometer (FANTOM system): (a) lower bench with laser and separation stage, (b) principle of working of separation stage, (c) upper bench with camera and beam combiner, (d) picture of the instrument https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-demonstration-of-combined-deformation-temperature-2fvg6q3t.png Figure 3. Demonstration of combined deformation-temperature variations measurement on a sandwich panel with circular repair (a). (b) shows the wrapped phase map, (c) the unwrapped phase map, (d) the 3D plot of the deformation, (e) the temperature variation, (f) a combined 3D plot of both the deformation and the temperature variation. https://scispace.com/papers/speckle-observations-with-pisco-in-merate-italy-xvi-4jvup5hltp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-dun-5-o-c-residuals-of-our-new-orbit-after-2009-1w36ksvv.png Table 7 DUN 5: O-C residuals of our new orbit (after 2009). https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-ads-5958-o-c-residuals-of-our-new-orbit-after-2006-1o8cftgd.png Table 8 ADS 5958: O-C residuals of our new orbit (after 2006). The symbol P indicates PISCO measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ads-4841-relative-motion-of-the-companion-and-plot-of-e8tamu4i.png Fig. 7 ADS 4841: relative motion of the companion and plot of our new rectilinear trajectory. The observations by PISCO are plotted as filled circles that appear in red in the electronic version of this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-new-ephemerides-of-dun-5-ads-4841-5958-6276-7294-and-1uiob4rn.png Table 6 New ephemerides of DUN 5, ADS 4841, 5958, 6276, 7294 and 13169. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ads-4841-o-c-residuals-with-our-new-rectilinear-1grzn4tf.png Table 4 ADS 4841: O-C residuals with our new rectilinear elements (after 2004). The symbol P indicates PISCO measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-new-rectilinear-elements-of-ads-4841-33jv34mb.png Table 3 New rectilinear elements of ADS 4841. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-new-orbital-elements-of-dun-5-ads-5958-6276-7294-13nbjmy4.png Table 5 New orbital elements of DUN 5, ADS 5958, 6276, 7294, 8211 and 13169. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-of-the-angular-separations-of-the-196-2mw5o559.png Fig. 1 Distribution of the angular separations of the 196 measurements of Table 1 (a), the total visual magnitudes of the corresponding binaries (b) and the differences of magnitude between their two components (c). https://scispace.com/papers/speckle-observations-with-pisco-in-merate-iv-astrometric-o84iqpsynu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measurements-of-observations-between-july-and-utm603jd.png Table 1 Measurements of observations between July and December 2005 (cont.). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-new-measurements-of-the-closest-binaries-with-r-0-25-3i1b9qab.png Table 3 New measurements of the closest binaries (with ρ < 0.′′25) observed with PISCO between January 2004 and June 2005. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-new-orbits-of-ads-684-a-mca-55aac-b-and-ads-14783-c-10dr83j2.png Fig. 6 New orbits of ADS 684 (a), MCA 55Aac (b) and ADS 14783 (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-residuals-from-published-orbits-the-dashed-circle-has-3rhls8ry.png Fig. 3 Residuals from published orbits. The dashed circle has a radius of about twice the standard deviation of the residuals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-residuals-from-published-orbits-for-the-new-38u55b54.png Fig. 5 Residuals from published orbits for the new measurements of Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-new-ephemeris-of-ads-684-mca-55aac-and-ads-14783-yv274zsj.png Table 9 New ephemeris of ADS 684, MCA 55Aac and ADS 14783. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-ads-684-o-c-residuals-of-our-new-orbit-for-the-1ogs1qb7.png Table 6 ADS 684: O − C residuals of our new orbit (for the measurements made after 1995). The symbol P indicates a PISCO measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-mca-55aac-o-c-residuals-of-our-new-orbit-for-the-2ff8b01u.png Table 7 MCA 55Aac: O − C residuals of our new orbit (for the measurements made after 1990). The symbol P indicates a PISCO measurement. https://scispace.com/papers/speckle-observations-with-pisco-in-merate-vi-astrometric-ryiu28xpv1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ads-11479-o-c-residuals-of-our-new-orbit-after-1995-1vdqjw7n.png Table 4 ADS 11479: O-C residuals of our new orbit (after 1995). The symbol P indicates PISCO measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ads-11584-o-c-residuals-of-our-new-orbit-after-1995-389o93fw.png Table 5 ADS 11584: O-C residuals of our new orbit (after 1995). The symbol P indicates PISCO measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-residuals-of-the-measurements-of-table-1-with-3o7jxx4w.png Table 2 Residuals of the measurements of Table 1 with published orbits (end). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-residuals-of-our-measurements-from-the-published-1l84yo41.png Fig. 3 Residuals of our measurements from the published orbits. The data point of the residual of ADS 13256, computed with Hopmann (1973)’s orbit, lies outside of this frame. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-histogram-of-the-angular-separations-of-the-175-30odcuuj.png Fig. 1 Histogram of the angular separations of the 175 measurements reported in this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-ads-16538-o-c-residuals-of-our-new-orbit-after-1995-3lgwegn6.png Table 6 ADS 16538: O-C residuals of our new orbit (after 1995). The symbol P indicates PISCO measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-new-ephemerides-of-ads-11479-11584-and-16538-bnfy1on2.png Table 7 New ephemerides of ADS 11479, 11584 and 16538. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-physical-parameters-a-and-mtotal-derived-from-the-2f4sfzr6.png Table 8 Physical parameters (a and Mtotal) derived from the new orbital elements. https://scispace.com/papers/speckle-suppression-by-integrated-sum-of-fully-developed-43ge0u4ia9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-speckle-suppression-of-three-pairs-of-1d-256-sample-1jq4ogeh.png Figure 4. Speckle suppression of three pairs of 1D 256-sample speckle patterns with (a) positive correlation (ρ = 0.591, Cf = 0.893), (b) zerocorrelation (ρ = −0.001, Cf = 0.707), and (c) negative correlation (ρ = −0.431, Cf = 0.535). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-suppression-factor-cf-vs-correlation-coefficient-r-3ql3hbxg.png Figure 3. Suppression factor (Cf ) vs. correlation coefficient (ρ) for 905 pairs of one-dimensional (1D) 256-sample speckle patterns. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-averaged-speckle-suppression-factors-cf-and-97b5rsff.png Table 1. Averaged speckle suppression factors (Cf ) and correlation coefficients (ρ) of ten sets of negatively correlated patterns. Each set contains ten speckle patterns scattered from the phasor arrays with the phase randomly distributed over [0, 2π]. Note that the symbol Cm denotes the speckle contrast of the m-th pattern, ρM−1,m the correlation coefficient of the m-th pattern and the pattern summed from the 1st to (m − 1)-th patterns, CS(M) the speckle contrast of the pattern summed from the first to m-th patterns, and Cf(M) the suppression factor of the sum pattern of M speckle patterns. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-averaged-speckle-suppression-factors-cf-and-3cia51dw.png Table 2. Averaged speckle suppression factors (Cf ) and correlation coefficients (ρ) of ten sets of uncorrelated (independent) patterns. Each set contains ten speckle patterns scattered from the phasor arrays with the phase randomly distributed over [0, 2π]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simplified-geometry-for-imaging-an-object-or-a-qghd7sap.png Figure 1. Simplified geometry for imaging an object or a frame onto a changing diffuser (intermediate plane) and projecting the resulting pattern onto the image plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-speckle-suppression-of-2d-negatively-correlated-9q9yl8cd.png Figure 5. Speckle suppression of 2D negatively-correlated patterns (N = 1282, k = 42). (a) Original object, (b) speckle pattern 1, (c) speckle pattern 2, and (d) the sum of patterns 1 and 2 with ρ = −0.133. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-suppression-factor-cf-of-the-sum-of-multiple-2oj9oqcm.png Figure 6. Suppression factor (Cf ) of the sum of multiple speckle patterns with negative correlation ρ = −0.3 ∼ −0.25 (solid), uncorrelation ρ ∼ 0 (dashed), and positive correlation ρ = 0.3 ∼ 0.5 (dotted). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-suppression-factor-cf-of-the-sum-of-two-fully-3tnll64v.png Figure 2. Suppression factor Cf of the sum of two fully-developed speckle patterns with equal mean intensity as a function of the correlation coefficient ρ. https://scispace.com/papers/specters-in-the-archive-faculty-digital-image-collections-2q6oymwcw2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-of-participants-by-user-2y6pi0li.png Table 1. Demographic characteristics of participants by user group https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-and-spatial-full-bandwidth-correlation-analysis-of-3nocjvy1cu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-polarization-states-through-the-calcite-plates-b-8ixisg04.png Fig. 1. (a) Polarization states through the calcite plates. (b) Experimental setup (C1, C2, calcite plates; TFP, thin film polarizer; CM, chirped mirrors). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-evolution-of-the-combining-efficiency-as-a-function-clh2nj74.png Fig. 2. (a) Evolution of the combining efficiency as a function of θ2 with (red) and without gas (blue). (b) Initial laser spectrum (shaded area). Combined pulse spectra (500 scans, red) and fringed spectrum (blue) are registered for 2-bar Ne pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-wizzler-measurement-of-the-combined-pulse-for-various-3euq8mqz.png Fig. 5. Wizzler measurement of the combined pulse for various α2 values: (a) temporal intensity profile (logarithmic scale), (b) corresponding spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-relative-cep-drift-of-the-combined-pulse-after-1839c3ku.png Fig. 6. (a) Relative CEP drift of the combined pulse after temporal post-compression with slow feedback on the stretcher. (b) Fourier analysis of the CEP noise registered for post-compressed single pulse (blue, 145-mrad RMS) and two combined replicas (red, 182-mrad RMS). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-characterization-of-the-combined-pulse-a-temporal-vzozisyo.png Fig. 4. Characterization of the combined pulse: (a) temporal intensity and (b) spectral intensity and phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-evolution-of-the-combining-efficiency-and-spectral-p5w7idjl.png Fig. 3. (a) Evolution of the combining efficiency and spectral bandwidth of the combined pulse as a function of Ne pressure. (b) Evolution of the fringed spectrum as a function of Ne pressure. https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-and-temporal-behavior-of-an-alkali-metal-plasma-15wfxp2cgo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-numerical-calculated-spectrum-comparison-without-a-bg6223ok.png Fig 4: The numerical calculated-spectrum comparison without (a) and with (b) self-absorption (opacity) effects in the potassium plasma at an electron temperature of 12 eV based on the time-dependent CRE model combined with a Cowan code simulation. The evaluated transmission coefficient at an effective plasma thickness of 5 µm (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-temporal-behavior-of-the-emission-at-39-nm-at-a-2bozvjr4.png Fig 2: (a) Temporal behavior of the emission at 39 nm at a laser intensity of 2 × 1010 W/cm2. The dots represent the raw, experimentally measured data and the solid line (blue) is a smoothing of the experimental result. The dashed line (red) is the calculated temporal waveform of the 39-nm emission. (b) Numerical calculation of the temporal change of the ionic population based on a time-dependent CRE model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-normalized-time-averaged-xuv-spectra-at-laser-1x0ogf3g.png Fig 3: Normalized time-averaged XUV spectra at laser wavelengths of 1064 (red) and 532 nm (green), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-numerical-calculated-spectrum-comparison-without-a-1rlazzku.png Fig 4: The numerical calculated-spectrum comparison without (a) and with (b) self-absorption (opacity) effects in the potassium plasma at an electron temperature of 12 eV based on the time-dependent CRE model combined with a Cowan code simulation. The evaluated transmission coefficient at an effective plasma thickness of 5 µm (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-weighted-oscillator-strength-spectra-of-the-1t6q77c6.png Fig 1: The weighted oscillator strength spectra of the resonant lines for ion stages whose resonance transition. https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-approximation-of-the-helmholtz-equation-with-high-2d7xrb77dx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-3-left-exact-solution-vs-numerical-solution-right-1lcghser.png Fig. 4.3. Left: exact solution vs. numerical solution. Right: errors vs. wave number k with α = k N fixed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1-left-exact-solution-vs-numerical-solution-right-vtwe86la.png Fig. 4.1. Left: exact solution vs. numerical solution. Right: errors vs. N (k = 100). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2-errors-vs-a-0-5-1-and-k-50-150-with-k-n-a-vac2ixey.png Fig. 4.2. Errors vs. α ∈ [0.5, 1] and k ∈ [50, 150] with k N = α. https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-characterization-of-shape-trees-2ghmbu6m3w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1-graphs-dn-h1-h2-t-c1-c2-c3-l-d1-d2-gr-gs-gt-1nvthiqc.png Fig. 1.1. Graphs Dn, H1, H2, T (c1, c2, c3), L(d1, d2), Gr, Gs, Gt. https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-compression-of-an-all-normal-dispersion-fiber-laser-14fctnk73n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-experimental-dif-output-spectrum-giving-a-spectral-2gmchtzk.png Fig. 3 (a) Experimental DIF output spectrum giving a spectral compression ratio of 46.7. (b) Experimental (solid blue curve) and calculated (green dot curve) compressed spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-experimental-setup-smf-single-mode-fiber-dif-2iln2vl8.png Fig. 2 Schematic experimental setup: SMF, single mode fiber; DIF: dispersion-increasing fiber; PM, power meter; OSA, optical spectrum analyzer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spectral-compression-using-121-fs-fwhm-input-pulses-of-gcj8chkr.png Fig. 1 Spectral compression using 121 fs FWHM input pulses of (a) hyperbolic secant, (b) Gaussian, (c) parabolic pulses. (d) Spectral compression using ANDi laser. The compression ratios (CR) are indicated in each figure. https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-efficiency-and-energy-harvesting-in-multi-cell-nub89llky8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-33teibtx.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-89vgcxhi.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-parameters-2nobnzun.png TABLE I: Simulation Parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tunable-fov-receiver-model-2cy5pjsk.png Fig. 3: Tunable FoV Receiver model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-charging-time-vs-lens-area-ivr0fv16.png Fig. 6: Average charging time vs lens area https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-3o4v07c9.png Fig. 7 https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-element-modeling-of-spontaneous-earthquake-rupture-3x5gtecnwe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-cartoon-illustrating-the-antiplane-test-problem-2q3jdpbq.png Figure 2. A cartoon illustrating the antiplane test problem for (left) 2-D SEM and (right) 2-D BIM. By symmetry consideration, the medium across the fault boundary in both models has equal and opposite motion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-initial-stress-distribution-similar-to-that-of-2z2fzvw0.png Figure 3. (a) Initial stress distribution, similar to that of the SCEC code validation. (b) The effective slip dependence of rate and state (RS) friction. With the parameters listed in Table 1, the resulting effective slip dependence of the RS interface (solid lines) over the comparison domain matches very closely the LSW friction in the SCEC validation problem (dashed line). The open circle corresponds to the coefficient of friction associated with the initial strength of the comparison domain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-snapshots-of-horizontal-slip-velocity-m-s-on-the-2gdzsdat.png Figure 9. Snapshots of horizontal slip velocity (m/s) on the fault every 2 seconds for (top) case 1 and (bottom) case 2. White lines on two snapshots represent the boundary between velocity-weakening and velocity-strengthening regions. Slip velocity and slip at the location of an inverted triangle are plotted in Figure 12. Note that only a part of the fault close to the velocity-weakening region is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-fault-perpendicular-particle-velocity-at-the-off-16aup44d.png Figure 14. (a) Fault-perpendicular particle velocity at the off-fault receiver located 10 km away from the fault, at the distance of 15 km from the nucleation point along the strike. (b) Fault-perpendicular particle velocity at the on-fault receiver with the same along-strike distance. (c) Faultperpendicular particle velocity at the off-fault receiver in Figure 14a in the case without attenuation. These seismograms correspond to the cases with the layered bulk structure. When there is no velocity-strengthening region close to the free surface (solid lines in Figures 14a and 14c), a high-frequency Rayleigh peak is observed. In the nonattenuating medium (Figure 14c), the amplitude of the high-frequency Rayleigh wave becomes significantly higher than the body wave amplitude. Note that the scale is different in Figure 14a and 14c. The Rayleigh wave peak is not observed for the cases with the shallow velocitystrengthening patch both with and without attenuation (dashed lines in Figures 14a and 14c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-depth-variable-distribution-of-effective-normal-365opwlt.png Figure 8. (a) Depth-variable distribution of effective normal stress and initial horizontal shear traction in cases 1 and 2. The initial shear traction for z 5.0 km is slightly different in each case due to the difference in friction parameters a and b. The initial shear strength is equal to the initial horizontal shear traction. (b) Depth-variable distribution of the parameters (a–b) and a within the region 10 km < x < 30 km. (c) The resulting effective slip dependence of friction at the fault location (x, z) = (15 km, 7.5 km). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-3-d-model-of-a-vertical-strike-slip-fault-2d9440ty.png Figure 7. A 3-D model of a vertical strike-slip fault embedded into an elastic half-space. Two cases with different fault rheologies are considered, with and without shallow velocity-strengthening patch. At the horizontal transitions from velocity-weakening to velocity-strengthening properties (x = 10 km and x = 30 km), the value of a stays constant, and the value of (a–b) abruptly changes from 0.004 (velocity weakening) to 0.004 (velocity strengthening). The depth dependence of a and (a–b) within the region 10 km < x < 30 km is shown in Figure 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-a-a-3-d-model-with-a-layered-bulk-structure-b-30f3cmnc.png Figure 13. (a) A 3-D model with a layered bulk structure. (b) Computed moment rate for four different earthquake scenarios with (1) homogeneous bulk structure without the shallow velocity-strengthening patch, (2) homogeneous bulk structure with the shallow velocity-strengthening patch, (3) layered bulk structure without the shallow velocity-strengthening patch, and (4) layered bulk structure with the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-fault-divided-into-two-nonoverlapping-surfaces-1p6uxr1n.png Figure 1. The fault divided into two nonoverlapping surfaces G±. https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-efficient-and-fair-user-pairing-for-full-duplex-21i07s8ak4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-3-admissible-areas-for-a-user-i-in-the-ul-and-a-3fuwdq11.png Figure 2. The 3 admissible areas for a user i in the UL and a user j in the DL to share a frequency channel f that fulfil constraints (4b)-(4e). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-simulation-parameters-1hjejoqc.png Table II SIMULATION PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cdf-of-the-minimum-spectral-efficiency-among-all-3b3sp2k8.png Figure 3. CDF of the minimum spectral efficiency among all users. We notice that as we increase the number of frequency channels in the system, the gap between JAFM and P-JAFM diminishes, where in the 50th percentile this relative gap is approximately 1%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-full-duplex-cellular-network-employing-tnfd-with-14v27ynb.png Figure 1. A full duplex cellular network employing TNFD with two UEs pairs. The base station (BS) selects pairs of UE (pairing) and jointly schedules them for TNFD transmission by allocating frequency channels in the UL and DL. As the figure illustrates, apart from SI, TNFD experiences the new UE-to-UE interference that might limit the efficiency of FD communications. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-illustrative-plot-of-o-pui-p-d-max-that-shows-the-25nqeh8r.png Figure 9. Illustrative plot of O(Pui , P d max) that shows the possible maxima of the function and its transitions in the poles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cdf-of-the-modified-jains-index-among-all-ul-and-dl-20a8h9jj.png Figure 8. CDF of the modified Jain’s index among all UL and DL users for different SI cancelling levels. We notice that as β increases, the relative difference between JAFMA and AF-EPA also increases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cdf-of-the-modified-jains-fairness-index-among-all-2swgj0uc.png Figure 6. CDF of the modified Jain’s fairness index among all UL and DL users for different users’ load. We notice that as we increase the number of users JAFMA increases its relative difference to AF-EPA and R-FMA, with 35% at the 50th percentile. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-definition-of-sets-constants-and-variables-330xfb5e.png Table I DEFINITION OF SETS, CONSTANTS AND VARIABLES https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-evolution-of-long-period-fiber-grating-during-dmtvhexrth 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-evolutions-of-transmissions-spectrums-of-four-lpg-34dbxz17.png Fig. 1 Evolutions of transmissions spectrums of four LPG during multi-pass fabrication process. (a) LPG period equal to 161 µm (b) LPG period equal to 173 µm (c) LPG period equal to 185 µm (d) LPG period equal to 210 µm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-experimental-continuous-line-and-simulated-discrete-9mc8kr9s.png Fig. 2 (a) Experimental(continuous line) and simulated (discrete points) dependence of the mode resonance wavelengths with the LPG periods for a given UV-writing pass. (b) Evolution of the resonance wavelengths for 3 rd and 6th pass https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-energy-distributions-of-local-luminous-and-3mq6outm7l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-spectral-index-versus-lir-2a1qxezf.png Table 7 Spectral Index versus LIR https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-derived-stellar-masses-31gw7fl3.png Table 10 Derived Stellar Masses https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-derived-infrared-luminosities-dust-temperatures-and-1yi8ncsm.png Table 9 Derived Infrared Luminosities, Dust Temperatures, and Dust Masses https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-sfr-and-ssfr-for-local-u-lirgs-2bum0w9e.png Table 11 SFR and sSFR for Local (U)LIRGs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-the-lir-derived-from-iras-fluxes-and-1l8zf4dd.png Figure 8. Comparison of the LIR derived from IRAS fluxes and from fitting the FIR-submillimeter part of the SEDs for the (U)LIRGs (CE: orange cross, DH: cyan X, SK: blue open diamonds, and mBB: red filled circles). The dotted lines indicate linear correlation with zero offsets. As a one-to-one correspondence is expected, the residual ΔlogL ≡ log(Lfit/L ) − log(LIRAS/L ) shows the scatter around the values predicted from IRAS. The red dash-dotted line shows that the mean of the mBB values is offset by 0.021 dex. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-normalized-histograms-of-logarithmic-ratios-for-nfn-1utth8ha.png Figure 7. Normalized histograms of logarithmic ratios for νfν at 60 μm to that at radio (1.4 GHz), J band (1.2 μm), NUV (0.23 μm), and HX (2–10 keV). These histograms are normalized by the number of LIRGs (open histograms) and ULIRGs (hatched histograms) in each plot (as listed in the upper corners), as restricted by the availability of the photometry data used in these ratios. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-the-stellar-mass-estimates-derived-1sytupij.png Figure 9. Comparison of the stellar mass estimates derived from fitting the UV–NIR part of the Salpeter-based BC03 SEDs and from that of the Chabrierbased ones. The residual plot illustrates that Δlog M ≡ log(MSal/M ) − log(MChab/M ) centers at −0.26, with the 25th percentile at −0.41 and the 75th percentile at −0.02. The open circles are LIRGs and hatched circles are ULIRGs. The dotted lines indicate linear correlation with zero offset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-continued-2ero1u24.png Table 4 (Continued) https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-energy-scaling-in-precessing-turbulence-402osklhw0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-over-st-2040-of-the-radial-spectrum-e-k-t-3jgkhafb.png FIG. 4. Average over St ∈ [20,40] of the radial spectrum E(k,t) normalized by rotation scaling for ( ,ε) = (20,0.17), (20,0.10), and (5,0.17) with resolutions 5123, 2563, and 5123. Dashed horizontal lines at C = 1.22 and C = 1.87 for reference [see Eq. (11)]. The left inset shows the nonlinear transfer flux normalized by the dissipation rate for the three precessing turbulence cases. Inverse cascade of energy develops at k < kS.The right inset displays the time evolution of the ratio of horizontal energy (respectively, integral length scale associated to k‖ = 0 mode) to vertical energy (respectively, integral length scale) for ( = 5,ε= 0.17) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-energy-spectrum-e-2d-k-k-0-2d-modes-and-e-3d-k-of-3d-3e1f7lw4.png FIG. 3. Energy spectrum E(2D)(k⊥,k‖ = 0) 2D modes and E(3D)(k⊥) of 3D modes k‖ = 1,2 at the saturation stage for ( = 20,ε = 0.17), with resolution 5123. (The tiny peak at k = 85 is a remnant of the precomputation at coarser resolution 2563; it does not affect our current conclusions.) Solid lines for spectra averaged over St ∈ [20,40]. One observes that the averaged 〈E(2D)(k⊥)〉t and E(2D)(k⊥,t) at St = 30 (dashed line) and St = 40 (dots) are almost the same, exhibiting a k−3⊥ scaling in the range kS ∼ 5 < k⊥ < k ∼ 30. At large horizontal scales (k⊥ < kS), the energy is mainly concentrated around the plane k‖ = 0, and transferred via an inverse cascade that creates a strong anisotropy, as shown by the top inset displaying the energy ratio E(2D)h /E (2D) v (dashed) and E (3D) h /E (3D) v for k‖ = 1,2. The bottom inset shows the flux spectrum indicative of backscatter at large scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-schematic-of-the-mean-flow-right-horizontal-cut-1juhfzon.png FIG. 2. Left: Schematic of the mean flow. Right: Horizontal cut of vertical vorticity ωz in the case ( = 5,ε = 0.17) with resolution 5123. In the exponential growth stage (top snapshot at St = 10 and Roω = 0.25) one observes large-scale filaments together with intense localized dominant vortices (with highest value of 10), while at the saturation stage (bottom snapshot at St = 40,Roω = 0.45), which corresponds to a quasi-2D flow, there are two large columnar vortices (with highest value of 20) emerging from the background of 3D turbulent fluctuations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-evolution-of-the-kinetic-energy-growth-rate-sk-sk-1fuby1bc.png FIG. 1. Time evolution of the kinetic energy growth rate σK = (SK)−1K̇ = (SK)−1(P −D) for several values of the couple ( ,ε). At the saturation stage, σK slightly fluctuates about zero reflecting a balance between P and D. The inset shows the independence of the saturated kinetic energy to the initial Reynolds number Re0. https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-lines-of-curium-from-3100-a-to-4200-a-8lpkia8xrr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-1mbz80mp.png Table I https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-gap-in-timed-automata-1x1j5lk4fa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-spectrum-of-an-operator-with-b-gap-right-finding-1sq8sc08.png Fig. 2. Left: spectrum of an operator with β-gap. Right: finding δ for Lem. 6; the spectrum of the perturbed operator cannot cross the ring Γ . https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-iterative-algorithm-approximating-h-2tgws5b9.png Table 1. Iterative algorithm: approximating H https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-three-polytopes-associated-to-a-path-2c6udfuq.png Fig. 4. The three polytopes associated to a path. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-simple-timed-automaton-e-left-and-its-fleshy-region-azhqj6zz.png Fig. 3. A simple timed automaton E (left) and its fleshy region-split form (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-non-strongly-connected-automaton-right-periodic-2zuhvewf.png Fig. 1. Left: non-strongly-connected automaton. Right: periodic automaton. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-iterating-the-operator-ps2-of-the-running-example-24n3itjt.png Table 2. Iterating the operator Ψ2 of the running example https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-landscapes-visualizing-electromagnetic-interactions-3jd4ro3xvo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-noospheric-atlas-this-work-represents-the-united-1ne20upa.png Figure 1. Noospheric Atlas. This work represents the United States as it appears in Hertzian space, a nation of communications and signals. Here we see (a) the entirety of the United States and (b) a detail of the Rocky https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-radio-streams-the-264jqok2.png Figure 4. Radio Streams. The https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-aerial-modulations-participants-can-navigate-100n5ab8.png Figure 5. Aerial Modulations. Participants can navigate through a range of scenarios in which radio signals assume a pivotal role in mediating everyday life. Here, we see (a) a scene from an art gallery and (b) another from a parking lot. https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-properties-of-eu3-activated-yttrium-oxysulfide-red-3298ahwp9r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-10-kv-cl-spectra-of-y2o2s-eu-phosphors-between-580-1a2c7dgw.png Fig. 3. The 10 kV CL spectra of Y2O2S:Eu phosphors between 580 and 600 nm. (a) Eu/Y 0:025, (b) Eu/Y 0:035, (c) Eu/Y 0:04, (d) Eu/ Y 0:05, (e) Eu/Y 0:055 and (f) Eu/Y 0:06 (molar ratio). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-x-and-y-coordinate-of-cie-color-coordinate-of-y2o2s-eu-mgqexvdq.png Fig. 8. x- and y-coordinate of CIE color coordinate of Y2O2S:Eu phosphor as a function of Eu concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-of-y2o2s-eu-with-various-eu-nk5e8zcv.png Fig. 1. X-ray diffraction patterns of Y2O2S:Eu with various Eu concentrations (a) Eu/Y 0:025 and (b) Eu/Y 0:06 (molar ratio). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-10-kv-cl-spectra-of-y2o2s-eu-phosphor-with-various-2xh9pinz.png Fig. 2. The 10 kV CL spectra of Y2O2S:Eu phosphor with various Eu concentrations (a) Eu/Y 0:025, (b) Eu/Y 0:035, (c) Eu/Y 0:04; (d) Eu/Y 0:05, (e) Eu/Y 0:055 and (f) Eu/Y 0:06 (molar ratio). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pl-spectra-of-y2o2s-eu-phosphor-with-various-eu-3kucv64v.png Fig. 5. PL spectra of Y2O2S:Eu phosphor with various Eu concentration, (a) Eu/Y 0:025, (b) Eu/Y 0:035, (c) Eu/Y 0:04, (d) Eu/Y 0:05, (e) Eu/ Y 0:055 and (f) Eu/Y 0:06 (molar ratio). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-relative-intensity-of-626-nm-emission-line-as-a-nv80gvhg.png Fig. 6. Relative intensity of 626 nm emission line as a function of time for Y2O2S:Eu phosphor. Eu/Y 0:06 (molar ratio). The decay time t is the time the intensity reduced to 1/e of the original value. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-cie-color-loci-of-y2o2s-eu-with-various-eu-y-molar-7wykvafy.png Fig. 7. CIE color loci of Y2O2S:Eu with various Eu/Y molar ratios. Inset is the exploded view of the x- and y-coordinates of specimens studied. The number in parentheses is the Eu/Y molar ratio. https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-proper-orthogonal-decomposition-3qvmm11oi9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-colour-online-schematic-illustrating-the-main-steps-343w9xqx.png FIGURE 6. (Colour online) Schematic illustrating the main steps towards the identification of coupled modes (red and blue lines indicate real and imaginary parts of an analytic signal). The data displayed here were derived from measurements of a forced turbulent jet (see also figure 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-colour-online-swirling-jet-results-from-spod-for-14admz9x.png FIGURE 9. (Colour online) Swirling jet: results from SPOD for different filter lengths (a) Nf = 0 (POD), (b) Nf = 10 (SPOD) and (c) Nf = 2000 (DFT). For each filter length the SPOD spectrum is displayed as a scatter plot (left), where a single dot indicates one mode pair (size and colour Ci,j in (2.21)). For three selected pairs the spatial modes (upper row) and PSD of the temporal coefficient (lower row) are depicted. They are indicated by numbers in the SPOD spectrum, as well as between the small mode plots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-colour-online-fluidic-oscillator-time-averaged-9y9869b3.png FIGURE 14. (Colour online) Fluidic oscillator: time-averaged flow field depicted by (a) contours of velocity magnitude and streamlines, and (b) spatially averaged power spectral density. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-colour-online-schematic-of-the-experimental-set-up-nmz2b00r.png FIGURE 13. (Colour online) Schematic of the experimental set-up with the fluidic oscillator. Air enters from the left, passes the oscillator and exits into the unconfined ambient air. The angle of the jet leaving the oscillator sweeps periodically up and down. The measured region (ROI) captures the meridional plane of the jet’s near field. The oscillator has a square nozzle, hence the thickness of the jet normal to the plane is also D. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-colour-online-schematic-describing-the-main-3md9e3c4.png FIGURE 2. (Colour online) Schematic describing the main properties of the SPOD for increasing filter strength (from left to right): (a,e) Nf = 0; (b, f ) Nf = 25; (c,g) Nf = 100; (d,h) Nf = 200. (a–d) Pseudo-colour plots of the filtered correlation matrix (S). (e–h) The phase portraits of the corresponding first two modes (b1 and b2) that describe the dominant oscillations. The axes of the plots shown here are the same as for the plots in figures 1 and 16, respectively. The graphs are based on the data already presented in § 2.2 and the SPOD is calculated from 200 snapshots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-colour-online-swirl-stabilized-combustor-flow-time-3379de82.png FIGURE 8. (Colour online) Swirl-stabilized combustor flow: time-averaged flow field depicted by (a) contours of velocity magnitude and streamlines, and (b) spatially averaged power spectral density. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-colour-online-experimental-set-up-of-the-swirl-gxk3ariz.png FIGURE 7. (Colour online) Experimental set-up of the swirl-stabilized combustor. Air enters from the left, passes a swirl generator and exits into the combustion chamber. Flow field measurements with PIV are conducted in the meridional plane indicated by the dashed square (ROI). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-colour-online-wake-of-the-airfoil-with-gurney-flap-38axal3s.png FIGURE 11. (Colour online) Wake of the airfoil with Gurney flap: time-averaged flow field depicted by (a) contours of velocity magnitude and streamlines, and (b) spatially averaged power spectral density. The origin of the coordinate system is located at the trailing edge. https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-relations-between-products-and-powers-of-isotropic-3tnpka7ue1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-numerical-analysis-of-the-finite-size-1vgv05v4.png FIG. 2: (Color online) Numerical analysis of the finite size effects for the radial part p(r) = F ′(r) (7) of the mean spectral density ρ (z, z̄) of the product of independent matrices in comparison to the power of a single matrix. (a) Numerical histograms for product of 3 independent Gaussian random matrices N = 200 (black crosses) and one matrix raised to 3’rd power for N = 200 (blue circles) compared to theoretical prediction for N → ∞ (solid green line). Each histogram is made for 107 eigenvalues. Plots are zoomed in the region, where the difference in the shape is visible. (b) An analogous plot to (a) for the product of 2 independent truncated unitary matrices (black crosses) and 2’nd power of a single truncated unitary matrix (blue circles) with ratio κ = 1 9 and N = 180. Each histogram is made for 9 × 106 eigenvalues. (c) An analogous plot to (a) and (b) but the product of 3 independent truncated unitary matrices (black crosses) and 3’rd power of a single truncated unitary matrix (blue circles) with ratio κ = 1 4 and N = 160. Each histogram is made for 8× 106 eigenvalues. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-numerical-verification-of-theoretical-jqs6iu46.png FIG. 1: (Color online) Numerical verification of theoretical formulas (3) (a) and (4) (b),(c) for the radial part p(r) = F ′(r) (7) of the mean spectral density ρ (z, z̄) of the product of independent matrices. (a) Numerical histograms for the product of 3 independent Gaussian random matrices N = 400 (black crosses), N = 200 (red circles) and N = 100 (blue rotated crosses) compared to theoretical prediction for N →∞ (solid green line). Each histogram is made for 107 eigenvalues. The numerical histograms approach theoretical curve as the size of matrices increases. (b) An analogous plot to (a) for the product of 2 independent truncated unitary matrices with ratio κ = 1 9 and N = 360 (black crosses), N = 180 (red circles) and N = 90 (blue rotated crosses). Each histogram is made for 9 × 106 eigenvalues. (c) An analogous plot to (a) and (b) for the product of 3 independent truncated unitary matrices with ratio κ = 1 4 and N = 320 (black crosses), N = 160 (red circles) and N = 80 (blue rotated crosses). Each histogram represents 8× 106 eigenvalues. https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-structure-of-mesoscale-winds-over-the-water-305uwaydxu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-con-qn-and-coh-between-m2-and-m7-at-horns-rev-for-2vg5wv3b.png Figure 13. Con, Qn and Coh between M2 and M7 at Horns Rev for the open cell cases, longitudional separation. The thin smooth curves in (a, d) and (b, e) are respectively from Eqs (18) and (19) in V2012 corresponding to zero inflow angle relative to the masts’ orientation (Con = exp(afd/U0) cos(bfd/U0) and Qn = exp(afd/U0) sin(bfd/U0)). The smooth curves in (c, f) are Eq. (5) with α = 0◦. This figure is available in colour online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/qj https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-con-qn-and-coh-between-m1-and-m3-at-nysted-for-the-3fswyj82.png Figure 14. Con, Qn and Coh between M1 and M3 at Nysted for the gravity wave case studied in Larsén et al. (2011). The black curves are running means of three values taken from the grey curves . The thin smooth lines in (a,d) and (b,e) are respectively from Eqs (18) and (19) in V2012 (as in Figure 13) corresponding to inflow angle α = 270◦ relative to the masts’ orientation. The smooth curves in (c,f) are from Eq. (5) with α = 270◦. This figure is available in colour online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/qj https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pairs-of-masts-and-data-description-for-the-co-and-11rq33s4.png Table 2. Pairs of masts and data description for the co- and quadrature spectrum and coherence studies, including the masts’ orientation, separation distance and the number of cases (in days) that satisfy the direction range used for selecting data for lateral or longitudinal separation conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-power-spectra-from-1-year-time-series-at-a-b-nysted-4jo4a3xo.png Figure 3. Power spectra from 1-year time series at (a, b) Nysted M1 69 m and (c, d) Horns Rev M2 62 m. (a, c) show spectra from different years and an average spectrum for the site; (b, d) show spectra at several heights. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-annual-power-spectra-of-wind-speeds-from-various-3n29e5ug.png Figure 12. Annual power spectra of wind speeds from various stations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-mean-power-spectrum-of-18-cases-with-open-cell-2cdi1i3z.png Figure 11. Mean power spectrum of 18 cases with open cell structures at Horns Rev, together with the mean annual spectrum (climatolog.) from Figure 3(c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-yearly-average-power-spectra-from-nysted-and-3mal3czi.png Figure 4. The yearly average power spectra from Nysted and Horns Rev, taken from solid black curves in Figure 3(a, c) together with the model of Eq. (4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-longitudinal-separation-situations-a-con-b-qn-and-c-28vyuczy.png Figure 9. Longitudinal separation situations: (a) Con, (b) Qn and (c) Coh as functions of fd/U0, for u, v and wind speed, for M2 and M7 at Horns Rev, with winds from the sea (α = 0◦). In (c) the smooth curve is from Eq. (5) with α = 0◦. This figure is available in colour online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/qj https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-tilt-underlies-mathematical-problem-solving-1x5rl5b7jf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cortical-and-subcortical-electrode-coverage-this-3v9p16fs.png Table 1: Cortical and subcortical electrode coverage. This table displays the number of subjects with electrodes in a given region of interest along with the total number of electrodes recorded across all subjects. The average number of electrodes for each subject with the corresponding standard deviation is noted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spectral-power-modulation-during-slow-and-fast-1a5tn27u.png Figure 2: Spectral power modulation during slow and fast mental arithmetic. A ROI analysis contrasting spectral power from trials with longer (slow)response times compared to trials with shorter (fast) response times based on an individual’s median response time. A t-statistic comparing slow > fast conditions calculated for each ROI. Region and frequency pairs that exhibited an FDRcorrected difference (q < 0.05) between slow and fast trials are labeled with a gray star. B The same analysis as in (A); however, trials were separated with respect to the median of the residual response times from the behavioral model. IFG=inferior frontal gyrus; MFG=middle frontal gyrus; SFG=superior frontal gyrus; ITG=inferior temporal gyrus; MTG=middle temporal gyrus; STG= superior temporal gyrus; IPC=inferior parietal cortex; SPC=superior parietal cortex; MTL=medial temporal lobe cortex; HIPP=hippocampus. C Time course of spectral power changes in regions showing a spectral tilt pattern. Time along the x-axis represents the average post-stimulus time for each interval across all subjects. Intervals with a significant increase or decrease in spectral power (q < 0.05, FDR-corrected) are labeled with a star. Trials were separated by residual response times from the behavioral model as in (B). The number of participants included in the analysis of each ROI is shown in the lower right corner. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-design-behavioral-results-and-model-of-2wc26ze4.png Figure 1: Experimental design, behavioral results, and model of arithmetic problem complexity. A. Participants performed blocks of a self-paced arithmetic task consisting of equations of the form of A + B + C = ??. B. The across-subject average accuracy and response time for each problem are graphed as a function of the problem sum. C. Demonstration of the method utilized for separating trials based on difficulty. Left: The equation used in a linear regression model of arithmetic problem complexity. Right: Histogram of residual response times from the behavioral model for an example subject. D. Average response time across subjects as a function of problem digit combination. First digit, A, is indicated above each panel, while digits B and C are represented on the x- and y-axis respectively. E. Predicted response times for each problem digit combination based on the aggregate subject model presented in the format of Panel D. https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-times-the-ghost-film-as-historical-allegory-4yuvi9g5to 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-love-triangle-in-rouge-both-journalists-become-kkw5ln4m.png Figure 4 The love triangle in Rouge: Both journalists become smitten with the ghost. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-allusions-to-scholar-courtesan-romances-in-rouge-sx1tw2mi.png Figure 7 Allusions to scholar-courtesan romances in Rouge https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-publicity-image-frames-haplos-as-a-love-triangle-n46whsd7.png Figure 3 A publicity image frames Haplos as a love triangle between ghost and mortals. Courtesy Ricardo Lee https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-nostalgia-and-the-spectacularizing-of-cultural-3jdidu0t.png Figure 6 Nostalgia and the spectacularizing of cultural difference is evident in Haplos’s wistful portrait of the ghost’s colonial-era lifestyle. Courtesy Ricardo Lee https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-shot-reaction-shots-articulate-nonsynchronous-time-25fesoqc.png Figure 5 Shot–reaction shots articulate nonsynchronous time. Point-of-view editing prefigures recollection with a shot of Fleur’s wistful face. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spatial-palimpsest-in-rouge-across-a-shop-window-a-385236gk.png Figure 1 Spatial palimpsest in Rouge: Across a shop window, a shadowy glimpse into the old Tai Ping Theater https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-in-haplos-al-meets-auring-the-demure-and-beautiful-3ajgajco.png Figure 2 In Haplos, Al meets Auring, the demure and beautiful specter, at the cemetery. Courtesy Antonio Jose “Butch” Perez https://scispace.com/papers/spectrally-efficient-iterative-mu-mimo-receiver-for-sc-fdma-46atxrh6w7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ber-in-awgn-proakis-c-with-coded-16-qam-single-user-710sisq8.png Fig. 4. BER in AWGN Proakis C with coded 16-QAM, single-user with T = R = 1, and with 10 turbo-iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-exit-charts-of-the-proposed-fd-sile-epic-in-single-37ys7thd.png Fig. 3. EXIT Charts of the proposed FD SILE-EPIC in single-user AWGN Proakis C channel with 16-QAM modulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proposed-iterative-mu-mimo-sc-fdma-receiver-with-bin-3hnszn77.png Fig. 2. Proposed iterative MU-MIMO SC-FDMA receiver with bin-wise filterbank and interference cancellation based on EP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mu-mimo-factor-graph-of-p-d-x-y-with-users-u-and-u-24zw9em7.png Fig. 1. MU-MIMO factor graph of p(d,x|y), with users u and u′. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ber-in-awgn-proakis-b-with-16-qam-u-2-r-2-and-t1-t2-1-2x3rfefq.png Fig. 5. BER in AWGN Proakis B with 16-QAM, U = 2, R = 2 and T1 = T2 = 1 (0 TIs: dash-dotted, 1 TI: dashed, 4 TIs: plain). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-computational-costs-for-the-qpsk-scenario-in-fig-6-3f39km16.png TABLE I COMPUTATIONAL COSTS FOR THE QPSK SCENARIO IN FIG. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-throughput-in-rayleigh-fading-equ4-u-2-for-qpsk-1-ti-35tux2e2.png Fig. 6. Throughput in Rayleigh fading EQU4, U = 2 (for QPSK, 1 TI: dashed, 3 TIs: plain; for 16-QAM 0 TIs: dashed, 1 TI: plain). https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-transmittance-model-for-stacks-of-transparencies-2469qaq6jr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prediction-accuracy-for-stacks-of-n-transparencies-373b0bpd.png Table 2. Prediction accuracy for stacks of N transparencies in transmittance mode. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prediction-accuracy-of-a-printed-transparency-in-2vvh0ycl.png Table 1. Prediction accuracy of a printed transparency in reflectance and transmittance modes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reflection-and-transmission-of-light-by-a-3eo30d1y.png Figure 1: Reflection and transmission of light by a nonscattering slab. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-ink-spreading-curve-giving-the-effective-1m65hqbe.png Figure 2. Example of ink spreading curve, giving the effective surface coverage of ink u when superposed on colorant v as a function of the nominal surface coverage c. https://scispace.com/papers/spectro-polarimetric-simulations-of-the-solar-limb-4cproutyn8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-horizontally-averaged-stokes-i-q-i-u-i-v-i-profiles-1gvgwy2w.png Fig. 6.— Horizontally averaged Stokes-I, Q/I, U/I, V/I profiles for the radii R = 695.875, 696.6, 696.675, 696.775, 697.2 Mm (from the top to the bottom) in the model. The dotted lines show zero levels for Q/I, U/I and V/I profiles, which are normalised so one tick interval in the corrsponding plots is equal to 0.03. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-simulated-i-q-i-u-i-v-i-slit-images-for-the-30mwyn3h.png Fig. 7.— Simulated I, Q/I, U/I, V/I slit images for the horizontally averaged profiles (top row), for a position across the simulated solar limb marked by the dotted line in Fig. 4 (middle row), and for a slit positioned horizontally at the limb (bottom row, marked in the top row Stokes-I image with the dashed line). The position of the vertical slit shown in the middle row is marked by the horizontal dashed line in the bottom row. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulated-i-q-i-u-i-v-i-profiles-top-row-their-ja5bgd5y.png Fig. 8.— Simulated I, Q/I, U/I, V/I profiles (top row), their response functions to the temperature perturbation (grayscale images) and the structure of the corresponding 1D atmosphere along the LOS. Dashed vertical lines mark zero values for vlos, Blos, B| and B⊥. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-emission-absorption-line-profile-formation-in-the-33y3ekts.png Fig. 9.— Emission-absorption line profile formation in the nonuniform solar photosphere at the limb. The line-of-sight close to the solar limb crosses three different regions: (A) a non-magnetic granular region, where the continuum radiation is formed, (B) the intergranular magnetic field concentration, where the emission part of the profile is formed, and which is characterised by radiative heating, positive temperature gradient (T2 > T1), and torsional plasma motions (Vt), and (C) a non-magnetic region over the granule with a negative temperature gradient (T3 < T2), where the absorption part of the profile is formed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-vertical-cut-through-a-half-of-the-simulation-domain-1bmym8hk.png Fig. 1.— Vertical cut through a half of the simulation domain representing the solar limb. The temperature, LOS velocity and LOS magnetic field strength are shown in the upper, middle and bottom panels, respectively. The vertical axis in the plots corresponds to the distance from the solar centre. The dashed line in the panels indicates approximate level of the solar surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-6300a-continuum-limb-darkening-across-the-solar-disk-2v5m9l2t.png Fig. 3.— 6300Å continuum limb darkening across the solar disk. Solid curve - simulated average normalized intensity, dashed curve - rms contrast of granulation. The solar limb model (µ = 0.15− 0) is shown in green. Triangles show the inclination angles used to calculate the radiation parameters, µ = 1, √ 3/2, 0.5, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-limb-darkening-across-the-solar-limb-6300a-continuum-19vegxyl.png Fig. 2.— Limb darkening across the solar limb. 6300Å continuum intensity is shown with the solid line, the dashed line corresponds to the intensity at the wavelength of the line core 6302.49Å, and the dash-dotted line corresponds to the minimum intensity of the Fe i 6302.49Å line profile. The horizontal axis is the distance from the solar centre. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-continuum-top-left-6301-5a-line-core-top-right-6301-5-16eh6q0x.png Fig. 4.— Continuum (top left), 6301.5Å line core (top right), 6301.5 − 0.15Å line wing (middle left), 6302.5Å (middle right) line core normalised intensity images from the simulations, and ∫ √ Q2 + U2dλ (bottom left) and ∫ |V |dλ (bottom right) simulated images. Smallscale local brightenings are visible in 6301.5Å line wing, and, to some extent, in the line cores. Integrated Stokes parameters show presence of both circular and linear polarisation. The linear polarisation is significantly more pronounced above the simulated limb compared to the circularly polarized light in the same region. https://scispace.com/papers/spectrometric-performances-of-monocrystalline-artificial-38fx358n6m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-a-response-function-of-commercial-scd-detector-with-1n82jvu3.png Fig. 16. a) Response function of commercial SCD detector with Ti contacts irradiated at FNG with 14 MeV neutrons and kept at room temperature. Biasing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lay-out-of-a-commercial-scd-detector-14ughkmo.png Fig. 2. Lay-out of a commercial SCD detector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-effect-of-temperature-on-peaks-area-of-a-triple-alpha-2bnm52to.png Fig. 14. Effect of temperature on peaks area of a triple alpha source. Measurement performed with the commercial detector with Pt contacts operated at https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-commercial-scd-detector-with-ti-contacts-comparison-1wgmki6x.png Fig. 15. Commercial SCD detector with Ti contacts: comparison between triple alpha spectra measured at two different H.V. (data refer to detector operated at room temperature). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-iter-radial-rnc-and-vertical-neutron-camera-vnc-6ow5e3in.png Fig. 1. The ITER radial (RNC) and vertical neutron camera (VNC). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-long-lasting-measurement-at-c-peak-centroid-vs-number-16e11akr.png Fig. 12. Long lasting measurement at C: peak centroid vs. number of consecutive measurements (each one lasting 500 s) for the triple alpha source. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-peak-area-vs-temperature-at-different-h-v-for-layered-254pqm6o.png Fig. 10. Peak area vs. temperature at different H.V. for layered detector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-fwhm-centroid-and-area-of-the-c-n-be-main-peak-versus-3tiuntem.png Fig. 17. FWHM, centroid and area of the C n Be main peak versus temperature measured for SCD with Ti contacts H.V V . Data normalized to room temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/spectrophotometric-measurements-of-the-carbonate-ion-36yar6kkl2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-calculated-co3-2-calc-versus-measured-co3-2-3hi2kl13.png Figure 3. A) Calculated ([CO3 2- ]calc) versus measured ([CO3 2- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-potential-temperature-salinity-diagram-showing-co3-tj1vmt1f.png Figure 2. Potential temperature/salinity diagram showing [CO3 2- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-panels-a-c-e-g-measured-carbonate-ion-2pwpslae.png Figure 4. Left panels (A, C, E, G): measured carbonate ion concentration reported at 25°C 341 ([CO3 2- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hydrographic-stations-of-the-four-cruises-where-1btxeifw.png Figure 1. Hydrographic stations of the four cruises where carbonate ion concentration ([CO3 2- https://scispace.com/papers/spectrophotometric-determination-of-chromium-iii-with-2-4p27jw565w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-determination-of-chromium-iii-in-alloys-30wlrr26.png Table 6. Determination of chromium(III) in alloys https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-determination-of-chromium-iii-in-natural-water-1m1kq8tn.png Table 4. Determination of Chromium(III) in natural water sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-determination-of-chromium-iii-in-effluent-samples-22v4ptz7.png Table 5. Determination of Chromium(III) in effluent samples (Tannery and Dyeing unit) https://scispace.com/papers/spectropolarimetry-of-the-luminous-narrow-line-seyfert-3y4nukw1kz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-eimaging-polarimetry-deld-for-iras-20181-2244-jbhzikbe.png FIG. 1.ÈImaging polarimetry Ðeld for IRAS 20181[2244. Polarization data for the numbered stars is given in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-imaging-polarization-data-for-iras-20181-2244-and-3azrhzs6.png TABLE 2 IMAGING POLARIZATION DATA FOR IRAS 20181[2244 AND FIELD STARS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-espectroscopy-of-iras-20181-2244-showing-the-fe-ii-38leecn9.png FIG. 2.ÈSpectroscopy of IRAS 20181[2244, showing the Fe II lines. The spectrum is not corrected for reddening. The Ñux is in units of 10~15 ergs s~1 cm~2 A ~1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-espectropolarimetry-of-iras-13224-3809-t-op-to-bottom-3sk6sp96.png FIG. 5.ÈSpectropolarimetry of IRAS 13224[3809. T op to bottom: A Ñux spectrum as in the other Ðgures, and Stokes Q and U, since P is so low. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-32f2oa83.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ecomparison-of-hb-in-direct-heavy-line-and-polarized-3iy5v6dr.png FIG. 4.ÈComparison of Hb in direct (heavy line) and polarized Ñux for IRAS 20181[2244. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-espectropolarimetry-of-iras-20181-2244-the-nux-3u4vbqak.png FIG. 3.ÈSpectropolarimetry of IRAS 20181[2244. The Ñux spectrum has units as in Fig. 2 and is not corrected for reddening or redshift. Middle panel : Polarization (RSP). Bottom panel : Corresponding polarized Ñux (the Stokes Ñux). The polarization and polarized Ñux spectra are corrected for the foreground Galactic polarization from Table 2, but are not completely corrected for 10 bad CCD columns on the blue wing of Ha or for the atmospheric bands. https://scispace.com/papers/spectroscopic-and-computational-studies-of-spin-states-of-4kl936yc0z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-selected-hfepr-spectra-of-3-upper-panel-and-4-lower-2rpe20sa.png Figure 8. Selected HFEPR spectra of 3 (upper panel) and 4 (lower panel) obtained at 4.2 K using a resistive magnet and BWO sources at the frequencies indicated. The spectra were recorded near their respective zero-field transitions. Amplitudes are normalized within the series for a given complex. For 3, the signal at 7 ‒ 9 T is at g = 2 and may be due to a low-spin Fe(III) impurity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-and-computed-mossbauer-spectral-2gjj6abj.png Table 2. Experimental and computed Mössbauer spectral parameters for Fe(IV) nitrido and imido complexes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experimental-3-and-4-and-calculated-zfs-and-g-tensor-wlz0uwb8.png Table 3. Experimental (3 and 4) and calculated zfs and g-tensor data for S = 1 Fe(IV) imido complexes. (Theoretical coupled perturbed values are in parentheses.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-iron-iv-nitrido-left-and-imido-right-complexes-1wq4axlp.png Figure 2. Iron(IV) nitrido (left) and imido (right) complexes supported by tris(carbene)borate ligands. In the nitrido complex, both R = tert-butyl (tBu, 1) and mesityl (Mes, 2) were investigated; for the imido complex, only R = Mes was studied, but with R′ = adamantyl (Ad, 3) and tert-butyl (tBu, 4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-experimental-black-traces-and-simulated-red-and-bkfjm3xy.png Figure 9. Experimental (black traces) and simulated (red and green traces) FT-FD THz-EPR spectra of 3 recorded at 5 K and varying applied magnetic fields as indicated. The experimental spectra were recorded under identical conditions, except for applied field, so their intensities correspond. The simulations use a spin Hamiltonian with S = 1, |D| = 7.225 cm−1, giso = 2.00 and a Gaussian linewidth (hwhm) of 0.10 cm−1 (3.0 GHz). The instrumental resolution is 0.025 cm−1. The simulation intensities are each scaled to match the corresponding experimental spectrum. The green simulated trace for B0 = 2 T has been scaled to match the intensity of the higher energy feature; thus the lower energy feature is off-scale and truncated. The simulations do not use a full powder pattern (i.e., the full polar angle θ range), but only θ = 80 ‒ 90o with φ = 0 ‒ 90o (full range). Additional simulations are shown in Figure S7 (Supporting Information). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-iron-iv-nitrido-complex-supported-by-tris-carbene-2h4qt2bg.png Figure 3. Iron(IV) nitrido complex supported by tris(carbene)amine ligands, denoted as [(TIMENR)FeN]+, where R = aryl = xylyl (Xyl) or mesityl (Mes). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-zero-field-top-and-magnetic-field-applied-bottom-zjjk2f41.png Figure 5. Zero-field (top) and magnetic-field applied (bottom) 57Fe Mössbauer spectra of left: 1MeCN; right: [(TIMENMes)FeN](BPh4). The zero-field spectra were recorded at 78 K; the spectra with a field applied perpendicular to the γ-rays were recorded at 7 T and 4.2 K for 1MeCN and at 6.5 T and 20 K for [(TIMENMes)FeN](BPh4). The solid lines are powder simulations for S = 0, obtained with the parameters: δ = –0.31(1) mm s−1, ∆EQ = +6.21(1) mm s−1, Γfwhm = 0.26(1) mm s−1, η = 0.10 for 1MeCN; δ = –0.30(1) mm s−1, ∆EQ = +5.99(1) mm s−1, Γfwhm = 0.26(1) mm s−1, η = 0 for [(TIMENMes)FeN](BPh4). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-distances-a-and-angles-deg-23t6df4c.png Table 1. Selected distances (Å) and angles (°) crystallographically determined for the tris(carbene)borate iron(IV) nitrido and imido complexes under study. https://scispace.com/papers/spectropolarimetry-of-the-type-iib-supernova-2001ig-2by5zyxujm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-same-as-fig-3-but-for-spectropolarimetry-of-sn-2001ig-2d00fj2a.png Fig. 5.—Same as Fig. 3, but for spectropolarimetry of SN 2001ig acquired on 2002 August 16 (256 days postexplosion). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-loops-on-theq-u-plane-for-h-he-i-k6678-blend-the-10zggnim.png Fig. 11.—Loops on theQ-U plane for H /He i k6678 blend, the wavelength range covering O i k7774, Fe ii lines in the range 4800–56008, and Ca ii IR absorption from the observations of 2001 December 16. The data have been rebinned to 15 8. The heavy dashed line indicates the dominant axis, calculated for the entire data set for this epoch shown as shown on Fig. 6. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-journal-of-spectropolarimetric-observations-of-sn-1w0gh3co.png TABLE 1 Journal of Spectropolarimetric Observations of SN 2001ig https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-digital-sky-survey-image-of-the-location-of-sn-2001ig-3u6ioozl.png Fig. 1.—Digital Sky Survey image of the location of SN 2001ig, shown by the filled black circle and cross hairs, relative to its host galaxy NGC 7424. The arrow shows the orientation of the interstellar polarization component determined in x 3.2.3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-same-as-fig-6-but-for-spectropolarimetry-of-sn-2001ig-24tqjm5p.png Fig. 8.—Same as Fig. 6, but for spectropolarimetry of SN 2001ig acquired on 2002August 16 (256 days postexplosion). [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-stokes-q-and-u-parameters-as-a-function-of-wavelength-ynteghzt.png Fig. 6.—Stokes Q and U parameters, as a function of wavelength from observations acquired on 2001 December 16 (13 days postexplosion). The Stokes parameters have been rebinned to 508. The data have been corrected for the ISP (black circle; see text). The dominant axis (see text) is indicated by the straight line. The wavelength of each point is indicated by the color, following the scheme of the color bar on the right-hand side. The location of the origin of the Stokes plane (Q ¼ 0 and U ¼ 0) is indicated by cross. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-same-as-fig-6-but-for-spectropolarimetry-of-sn-2001ig-1z1bqduu.png Fig. 7.—Same as Fig. 6, but for spectropolarimetry of SN 2001ig acquired on 2002 January 3 (31 days postexplosion). Note that the dominant axis has rotated physically 40 compared to that of the earlier epoch of Fig. 6. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prominent-p-cygni-profiles-and-velocities-at-ku185qbd.png TABLE 2 Prominent P Cygni Profiles and Velocities at Absorption Minimum at +13 and +31 Days https://scispace.com/papers/spectroscopic-determination-of-the-s-wave-scattering-length-1ttiox4zg8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-one-photon-photoassociation-of-the-v-64-vibrational-2owz5cjm.png FIG. 2. ~a) One-photon photoassociation of the v = 64 vibrational level of the 1'+ state of Li2, using a laser beam with7 a power of 100 mW and a beam waist of 250 p, m. The frequency is measured relative to the 2S 2P sition fre ip 1(2 atomic trani quency. The structure is due to the h fie yper ne inter', ', Two-photon photoassociation of the v = 10 vibrational level of the +, ,'aj state. The baseline corresponds to the reduction of the fluorescence level due to h h a ion aser beam. As coR is tuned over the bound-bound transition fre uenc the rq y, ate of photoassociative loss is reduced, thereby increasing the trap-laser-induced fluorescence. When co& is tuned to resonance, nearly all of the fi uorescence signal https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-p-tri-let-otenti-otoassociative-spectroscopy-of-the-d-3vringmw.png FIG. 1. P tri let otenti otoassociative spectroscopy of the d-groun state p p ial of Li2. Two colliding ultracold atoms b b a resonant hoton o o a sor lying vibrational level of the 1'P+ potential, which correlates asymptoticall to 2S + lost from the trap through decay channels and will lead to a decrease in trap-laser-induced fluorescence. A la f y & is tuned to resonance between a ground-st ser o vibrational level andl the excited-state vibrational level. Th https://scispace.com/papers/spectroscopic-determination-of-the-s-wave-scattering-lengths-598a8xo8df 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-same-as-fig-2-but-for-88sr-the-ifatsvsz.png FIG. 3 (color online). Same as Fig. 2, but for 88Sr. The theoretical curve, calculated for 10 K atoms, is found using the potential determined from 86Sr with C6 3170 a:u: It predicts a scattering length of a88 6a0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-experimental-and-theoretical-values-for-h8whjbhi.png FIG. 2 (color online). Experimental and theoretical values for 86Sr photoassociative rate constants for PAS laser intensities of 1 mW=cm2 and a narrow laser linewidth. The experimental PAS laser intensity used for each measurement is indicated by the symbol. Theory is for 5 K atoms with C6 3170 a:u: Experimental amplitudes are scaled by 1=1:4, which yields the best agreement between theory and data in the inset. This is reasonable, given systematic uncertainties discussed in the text. (Inset) The detuning of the minimum is used to determine the ground-state potential as described in the text. The solid line is the best fit, corresponding to a minimum at 494 GHz. The dashed and dashed-dotted lines correspond to 487 and 499 GHz, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-selected-region-of-the-86sr-pas-spectrum-2cjmbdrq.png FIG. 1 (color online). Selected region of the 86Sr PAS spectrum. The detuning is of the PAS laser with respect to the atomic 1S01P1 transition frequency. The vertical axis is the fraction of atoms remaining at the end of the hold time in comparison to the number in the absence of photoassociation. PAS laser intensity is 800 mW=cm2, and hold times range from 350 to 450 ms. The minimum of the transition amplitude occurs when the Condon radius corresponds to a zero of the ground-state wave function. The insets show the quality of the data and the fits to Eqs. (1) and (2). https://scispace.com/papers/spectroscopic-properties-of-mgh2-mgd2-and-mghd-calculated-443ox4a5p1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-spectroscopic-band-constants-for-mgh2-all-in-cm-1-yyqhste0.png TABLE 6: Spectroscopic Band Constants for MgH2 (All in cm -1) Determined from Our CBS(V+C) Potential Energy Surface and Their Differences (“diff” ) calcd - obsd) from Available Experimental Values16,a https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-spectroscopic-band-constants-for-mgd2-all-in-cm-1-24uz4zzu.png TABLE 7: Spectroscopic Band Constants for MgD2 (All in cm-1) Determined from Our CBS(V+C) Potential Energy Surface https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-grid-placement-and-contour-plots-in-internal-1d20mszn.png Figure 1. Grid placement and contour plots in internal coordinates for MgH2 at γ ) 180°. Contours are separated by 0.5 eV, with the zero of energy set at the potential minimum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-grid-placement-and-contour-plots-in-internal-3bamt7d8.png Figure 2. Grid placement and contour plots in internal coordinates for MgH2 at R2 MgH ) 3.22a0. Contours are separated by 0.5 eV, with the zero of energy set at the potential minimum. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-comparison-of-equilibrium-properties-and-ground-a6avd94g.png TABLE 9: Comparison of Equilibrium Properties and Ground-State Rotational Constants of Our CBS(V+C) Potential Energy Surface with the Corresponding Experimental Values15,40 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-calculated-energies-in-ev-on-the-ground-state-mgh2-22troenf.png TABLE 2: Calculated Energies (in eV) on the Ground-State MgH2 Potential Energy Surface Obtained Using Various Basis Sets, Expressed Relative to the Energy at the Equilibrium Linear Geometry https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-root-mean-square-discrepancy-in-cm-1-on-qzwtjnko.png TABLE 3: Root-Mean-Square Discrepancy (in cm-1) on Interpolating for Omitted Potential Function Values in the Specified Energy Range, When the Independent https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-contour-plots-for-six-vibrational-eigenfunctions-of-2pbm3wqj.png Figure 3. Contour plots for six vibrational eigenfunctions of MgH2: (V1, V2, V3) ) (1,0,0), (2,0,0), (0,2,0), (0,4,0), (0,0,1), and (0,0,2) plotted with respect to the sumrs ) (R1 + R2), differencerd ) (R1 - R2), and enclosed angleθ, of Radau coordinates. https://scispace.com/papers/spectroscopic-signatures-of-the-vanishing-natural-166637i0p8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-variation-of-fe-iil5169-and-fe-ii-l5159-narrow-and-b5mathn5.png Figure 2. Variation of Fe IIλ5169 and [Fe II] λ5159 narrow and broad components at the same phase for four orbital cycles. φ = 9.004 corresponds to 1992 June 20. (a) Line profiles normalized to the stellar continuum showing the long-term decreasing strength caused by the secular brightening of the stellar continuum. (b) Line profile fluxes relative to the φ = 9.004 brightness (V = 5.64 mag). The narrow line components remained constant because they are formed in the Weigelt knots, outside the coronagraph. (c) Fluxnormalized line profiles. The broad line components, formed in the wind, are little affected by the brightening. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-spectra-from-cmfgen-models-with-and-without-87mwhjne.png Figure 10. Spectra from CMFGEN models with and without obstruction of the central star by a coronagraph. The blue line is the spectrum of the entire object (star plus wind) Panel (a): Obstructing coronagraph as a circular disc centered on the star with radius r = 11.5 mas (26.45 au). Panel (b): Extraction inside a slit of infinite length and 25 mas wide, in which the star is placed at 2.5 mas (5.75 au) from the slit border. Insets display zoomed views of spectral regions of interest. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cycle-to-cycle-evolution-of-the-ew-of-3ctm368b.png Figure 4. Cycle-to-cycle evolution of the EW of representative primary-star wind lines in direct (red) and reflected view at FOS4 (blue). Top panel: Fe II 4585 Å has the steepest gradient of growing fainter in both views. Middle panel: Hα direct shows an intermediate decrease rate of the absolute EW and constant level ∼−523 Å at FOS4. Bottom panel: H δ in direct view shows a very gentle slope and at FOS4 the line is almost constant at EW ∼ −20 Å. Grey points indicate measurements reported by Mehner et al. (2012), with + indicating direct view and × reflected at FOS4. Measurements in the range of phases 0.93–1.07 were omitted in order to highlight cycle-to-cycle variations. Blue triangles indicate EWs for recent years when the telescope pointing was too far from FOS4; these were not used in the linear regression fits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-structures-in-the-coronagraph-the-long-term-1h2iuncf.png Figure 9. Structures in the coronagraph. The long-term brightening of the entire object (star + Homunculus) due to decreasing extinction towards the stellar core is shown by the green line. Also shown are the EW of eta1.079 (black line) and the absolute EW of Hα (magenta line), both measured in the star. A strong inverse correlation between the EWs of eta1.079 and Hα with the V-band flux is observed. The V-band light curve (green line) is based on data taken from Damineli et al. (2019) and transformed to relative flux. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-historical-ew-time-series-of-the-blue-displaced-11se8p6s.png Figure 5. Historical EW time series of the blue displaced absorption on the Hα line profile – originated in the LH – showing three components: (a) the periodic peak at periastron, (b) occasional excursions to high intensity after periastron, and (c) a relatively low-intensity component always present, but fading in the long term. Labels #09 to #14 indicate the orbital cycles. The EW was measured by direct integration over the Hα line profile, in the range λ 6548–6556 Å. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-dibs-at-l10-780-a-dib1-and-l10-792-a-dib2-in-a-kg7m57cg.png Figure 7. DIBs at λ10 780 Å (DIB1) and λ10 792 Å (DIB2) in a sample of stars. Squares are from Hamano et al. (2015) and triangles from this work. Points labelled in magenta indicate deviating objects from the linear relation between the two DIBs: EW(10 792 Å) = (0.43 ± 0.03) EW(10 780 Å). Blue triangles indicate a long-term fading of the λ10 792 Å absorption in ηCar (here called eta1.079). https://scispace.com/papers/spectroscopic-study-of-the-hydration-equilibria-and-water-8mn0hdn47n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ratio-of-the-integrals-of-the-two-transition-bands-3b23hedx.png Figure 2. Ratio of the integrals of the two transition bands (n 5 2 and n 5 3) in the UV/Vis spectrum of [Eu(DO2A)(H2O)n]1 as a function of the inverse temperature; the line represents a linear least-squares fit to the data points; the resulting parameters are ∆H0 5 –12.1 ± 1 kJ mol–1, ∆S0 5 –28.9 ± 3 J mol–1 K–1; the inserted figure shows a typical UV/Vis spectrum of the Eu31 7F0 R 5D0 transition in a [Eu(DO2A)(H2O)n]1 solution (T 5 323.0 K; cEu 5 0.01 ); the dashed lines represent the fitted contributions of the two peaks to the overall spectrum, itself given by the solid line https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plot-of-9-cd-versus-sz-cd-for-the-17o-resonance-of-2imka0gc.png Figure 1. Plot of ∆9/CD versus ,Sz./ CD for the 17O resonance of the [Ln(DO2A)(H2O)n] complexes at 346 K https://scispace.com/papers/spectroscopy-and-ionization-thresholds-of-p-isoelectronic-1-5bm0t01e50 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rotational-constants-and-transition-dipole-moments-21xcm611.png Table 2: Rotational constants and transition dipole moments for cis and trans isomers of phenylallyl and benzylallenyl radicals. Calculated using DFT (ground state) and TDDFT (excited state) B3LYP/6-311+G**. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5a-shows-a-photoionization-efficiency-scan-recorded-fi181ldu.png Figure 5a) shows a photoionization efficiency scan recorded with the resonant laser fixed on the D0-D1 origin transition of 1- phenylallyl. A sharp threshold for ionization is observed at 6.905 ±.002 eV. Estimation of the effects of the electric field in lowering the observed threshold showed them to be less than .002 5 eV (20 cm-1).24 This value of ionization potential is in excellent agreement with the measurement of Troy et al.9 The sharp vertical threshold indicates that the geometry of the ion is similar to that in the D1 excited state, as predicted by the calculations. Since the D0-D1 origin is the most intense band in the vibronic 10 spectrum, we deduce that all three states (D0 and D1 states of the neutral and the ground state of the ion) have similar structures. The experimental IP is also in close agreement with the calculated value of 6.811 eV for trans-1-phenylallyl radical. The corresponding value for the cis isomer (6.980 eV) is also in close 15 proximity, so that the IP measurement alone cannot distinguish cis from trans isomers. https://scispace.com/papers/spectrum-localization-of-regular-matrix-polynomials-and-35czr4r612 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1-the-mechanical-system-fig-4-2-the-stability-region-3mzaacqr.png Fig. 4.1. The mechanical system. Fig. 4.2. The stability region Λ2. https://scispace.com/papers/spectrum-of-the-intensity-of-modulated-noisy-light-after-ovfomk5cdr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-1pj90ysz.png Fig. 1. Experimental setup. https://scispace.com/papers/specular-nonlinear-anisotropic-polarization-effect-along-58f2v2bipj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-fragment-of-the-band-structure-of-gaas-indicates-zmcuwqyy.png Fig. 3. (a) Fragment of the band structure of GaAs indicates anisotropy of the heavy-hole band, specific for all cubic crystals. (b) Dependence of the observed rotation on F presented in a polar coordinate system, measured at a probe–pump delay of 20.5 ps, meets the sin 4F function, as predicted by Eq. (2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-induced-probe-polarization-azimuth-rotation-as-a-9u95h8qs.png Fig. 2. (a) Induced probe polarization-azimuth rotation as a function of probe–pump delay time for F py8. The pump intensity is 75 MW cm–2. The sharp peak at the beginning of the curve is due to the anisotropic part of the third-order nonlinearity. (b) Magnitude of the rotation at a probe–pump delay of 20.5 ps as a function of the pump intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-observation-of-snape-the-pump-and-the-probe-approach-3u5tqlq7.png Fig. 1. Observation of SNAPE. The pump and the probe approach the crystal nearly normally to the surface and have identical linear polarizations, making an angle F with respect to the [100] axis of the crystal. The reflected-probe polarization-azimuth rotation is given by dar . https://scispace.com/papers/speculate-discovering-conditional-equations-and-inequalities-wzuoyylhnz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-equivalence-classes-and-equations-after-c8tmx30l.png Table 1. Equivalence classes and equations after initialization by considering all expressions of size 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-possible-transformations-performed-on-the-ordering-6ymslvmk.png Figure 3. Possible transformations performed on the ordering structure from Figure 2 when searching for the weakest condition for x + abs x == 0 to hold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-conditions-ordered-by-logical-implication-for-3rzx15d4.png Figure 2. Conditions ordered by logical implication for Example 1.1 from §1 when considering expressions of at most one distinct variable of each type. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-performance-results-figures-are-mean-11hhdvq8.png Table 6. Summary of Performance Results: figures are mean values across all runs; size limit = maximum number of expression size; #-tests = maximum number of test-cases for any property; time = rounded elapsed time and space = peak memory residency (both from GNU time). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-speculate-contrasted-with-quickspec-1-and-quickspec-2v93641o.png Table 7. Speculate contrasted with QuickSpec 1 and QuickSpec 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-timings-and-equation-counts-when-generating-2gq2nnyk.png Table 8. Timings and equation counts when generating unconditional equations using Speculate, QuickSpec 1 and QuickSpec 2. In QS1, expressions are primarily explored up to a certain depth [8], so, for a fair comparison, we have introduced a depth limit in QS2 and Speculate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-program-used-to-obtain-the-results-in-ss1-1p7lp3mx.png Figure 1. Program used to obtain the results in §1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-equivalence-classes-and-equations-after-considering-31f6dxs8.png Table 2. Equivalence classes and equations after considering all expressions of size 2. https://scispace.com/papers/specular-optical-activity-of-achiral-metasurfaces-4au6bbubv3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-specular-circular-differential-reflectance-r-as-a-17brbsvu.png FIG. 3: Specular circular differential reflectance ∆R as a function of the angle of incidence α defined in Fig. 1(b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-specular-rotatory-power-in-terms-of-azimuth-rotation-3aprkupi.png FIG. 4: Specular rotatory power in terms of azimuth rotation ∆Φr for reflected linearly polarized waves as a function of the angle of incidence α defined in Fig. 1(b). Simultaneous absence of specular circular dichroism and linear birefringence/dichroism is indicated by a dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-origin-of-specular-optical-activity-at-2zo5jn25.png FIG. 5: The origin of specular optical activity at metasurfaces. (a) The excitation of the split ring slit structure can be described by fictitious magnetic currents jm that can be decomposed in magnetic and electric dipoles, m̃ and d̃. (b) The electric dipole cannot contribute to reflection kr at normal incidence ki. (c) At oblique incidence both dipoles contribute as their components perpendicular to kr (dotted arrows) are both non-zero. Optical activity occurs when these radiating (dotted) dipole components are not orthogonal to each other. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-specular-optical-activity-is-usually-a-tiny-effect-1cydb8q5.png FIG. 1: (a) Specular optical activity is usually a tiny effect, if not enhanced through multiple reflection schemes. (b) Giant specular circular birefringence ∆Φr and dichroism ∆R can occur at oblique incidence onto an achiral planar reflective metamaterial without two-fold rotational symmetry. (c) Examples of achiral split-ring based unit cells which form reflective metamaterials exhibiting specular optical activity. The top left square, which contains a pair of asymmetrically split circular slits, corresponds to the unit cell of the metamaterial reported here. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-reflection-spectra-for-both-circular-polarizations-for-1f8bpfb9.png FIG. 2: Reflection spectra for both circular polarizations for the incidence angle of α = +30◦. The dashed line indicates a frequency where both linear birefringence/dichroism and specular circular dichroism vanish. https://scispace.com/papers/speculating-against-an-overconfident-market-5989m3bt65 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-function-sqb-of-trading-intensity-3tqa93yu.png Figure 1: The function ),( sqβ of trading intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-beliefs-structure-for-all-n-and-2o29msvi.png Table 1: Beliefs Structure for all n and ≠ ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-variance-of-price-1cgezavj.png Figure 3: The variance of price. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-function-sqg-of-absolute-price-sensitivity-1xeztddc.png Figure 2: The function ),( sqγ of absolute price sensitivity. https://scispace.com/papers/speculative-bubbles-or-market-fundamentals-an-investigation-11xn4jrvws 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-number-of-explosive-msa-housing-markets-1t1kcfmp.png Figure 7: Number of explosive MSA housing markets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-actual-versus-fitted-series-in-the-us-national-azwif4ws.png Figure 4: Actual versus fitted series in the US national market https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-bubble-component-of-the-log-price-to-rent-ratio-31jqlext.png Figure 5: The bubble component of the log price-to-rent ratio for all metropolitan areas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-identified-bubble-periods-using-the-psy-1sld7bcw.png Table 1: The identified bubble periods using the PSY procedure based on the log price-to-rent ratio for Milwaukee, St. Louis, Pittsburgh, Houston, Miami, Denver, Honolulu, and Portland (top panel) and for Cincinnati, Kansas City, Dallas, and Seattle (bottom panel). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-panel-a-displays-the-real-rent-growth-rate-of-2dpoov3t.png Figure 8: Panel (a) displays the real rent growth rate of Honolulu and the real interest rate. Panel (b) shows the real per capita income growth rate, employment growth rate and population growth rate of Honolulu. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-2000-average-price-and-rent-values-for-us-and-1u9fwnxk.png Figure 1: The 2000 average price and rent values for US and all MSAs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-log-price-to-rent-ratio-of-all-metropolitan-2qvfr32p.png Figure 2: The log price-to-rent ratio of all metropolitan areas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dating-explosive-dynamics-in-the-log-price-to-rent-17etq1e9.png Figure 6: Dating explosive dynamics in the log price-to-rent ratio and the residual component of the national housing market. https://scispace.com/papers/speech-segregation-based-on-sound-localization-vb6u03zagx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-of-energy-loss-el-and-residual-noise-rn-3ew3ayju.png Table 1: Percentage of energy loss (EL) and residual noise (RN) (same corpus as Fig. 5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relative-difference-from-the-ideal-binary-mask-3t4yl79h.png Figure 5: Relative difference from the ideal binary mask using pitch-based algorithm (black bar) and our model (white bar) for voiced speech mixed with ten different types of noise (N0=1kHz tone; N1=random noise; N2=noise burst; N3=”cocktail party”; N4=rock music; N5=siren; N6=trill telephone; N7=female speech; N8=male speech; N9=female speech). The voice source is located at o30 and the noise source at o10− . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-model-the-model-processes-3es6xrju.png Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the model. The model processes input from two sound sources with different locations (different azimuths). First stage: binaural signals are obtained by convolving the input signals with HRIRs. Second stage corresponds to the auditory periphery simulation: cochlear filtering, half-wave rectification to simulate auditory nerve firing and square root to simulate saturation effects. Third stage: azimuth localization of the two sound sources and computation of IIDs and ITDs across frequency bands. Fourth stage: estimation of the ideal binary mask. Fifth stage: the resynthesis path allows reconstruction of the separated signals [10]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-functions-relating-azimuth-to-itd-for-three-2d9erwcv.png Figure 2. A: Functions relating azimuth to ITD for three channels of the auditory model with CFs of 500Hz, 1kHz, 3kHz.B: Crosscorrelation for a mixture of male speech at o30 degrees and female speech at o10− degrees (128 channels, time frame 40 (0.4 ms)).C: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-for-a-mixture-of-male-speech-ato30-and-2751beip.png Figure 4: Results for a mixture of male speech ato30 and telephone ringing at o10− : the ideal binary mask (A), the estimated binary mask using our method of separation (B) and the Wang-Brown algorithm (C). Whiter regions correspond to the speech stream. https://scispace.com/papers/speech-production-quality-of-cochlear-implant-users-with-37rzqhe33i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-of-the-cochlear-implant-user-groups-10w17oss.png Table 1. Data of the cochlear implant user groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-word-recognition-rate-of-the-cochlear-implant-users-gnph61go.png Table 3. Word recognition rate of the cochlear implant users and the control group in the same age range of each group https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-analysis-between-word-recognition-rate-ptw95r7v.png Table 2. Correlation analysis between word recognition rate and subject characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/speed-and-sequencing-of-transition-reforms-and-income-3omzin8opd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-transition-speed-and-sequencing-ebrd-scores-changes-2uornwi8.png Figure 1: Transition Speed and Sequencing: EBRD Scores Changes in the Four Phases of Transition https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-effect-of-transition-reforms-on-inequality-2ynwo1v9.png Table 1: The Effect of Transition Reforms on Inequality: Dynamic GMM Models https://scispace.com/papers/speed-and-strength-of-an-epidemic-intervention-260hxg5tw3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-infection-kernel-of-the-hiv-a-the-infection-18rfv8jb.png Figure 2: The infection kernel of the HIV. (A) The infection kernel of the HIV is approximated using a sum of two gamma distributions. We assume that the baseline proportion of early transmission is 23% (Hayes and White, 2006). (B) Time series of HIV prevalence in pregnant women in South Africa, 1990 - 2010 (Barron et al., 2013). The initial exponential growth rate of the HIV is estimated by fitting a straight line to log-prevalence (1990 - 1997) by minimizing the sum of squares. (C) Increase in the estimate of the amount of early transmission reduces the estimate of the reproductive number. The black circle indicates the baseline scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effects-of-constant-strength-and-constant-speed-1uifpapm.png Figure 1: Effects of constant-strength and constant-speed intervention on infection kernels. Ebola-like gamma infection kernel K(τ) (mean: 16.2 days, CV: 0.58, and R0: 1.5) is shown in black (Park et al., 2019). The infection kernel after applying each intervention strategy K̂(τ) is shown in red. (A) The effect of a constant-strength intervention with θ = 1.5. A constant-strength intervention reduces the density by a constant proportion: K̂(τ) = K(τ)/θ; when the strength of intervention matches the strength of epidemic (θ = R), the resulting distribution is equivalent to the intrinsic generation-interval distribution (K̂(τ) = g(τ)). (B) A constant-speed intervention with φ ≈ 0.0267/day is applied to the same kernel. A constant-speed intervention reduces the density exponentially: K̂(τ) = K(τ) exp(−φτ); when the speed of intervention matches the speed of epidemic (φ = r), the resulting distribution is equivalent to the initial backward generation-interval distribution (K̂(τ) = b(τ)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evaluating-a-test-and-treat-intervention-using-2czhut8e.png Figure 4: Evaluating a test-and-treat intervention using strength- and speedbased decomposition. (A) The strength of the test-and-treat intervention (calculated from the assumed hazard, (C)). The dashed line shows the corresponding effective strength of the intervention (from (6)) assuming 23% early transmission. (B) Increase in the estimated amount of early transmission decreases the estimated strength of an epidemic as well as the estimated strength of test-and-treat intervention. (C) The assumed hazard for the test-and-treat intervention. The dashed line shows the corresponding effective speed of the intervention (from (12)) assuming 23% early transmission. (D) The estimated amount of early transmission has little effect on the effective speed of intervention, and none on the speed of the epidemic estimated from incidence data. Circles indicate the baseline scenario. Test-and-treat intervention is modeled phenomenologically: Ltest(τ) = exp ( ∫ τ 0 htest(σ)dσ) and htest(τ) = hmax(1− exp(−Kf(τ))), where f(τ) is a gamma probability density function with a mean of 1 year and a shape parameter of 2, K = 4/max(f(τ)), and hmax = 2 year −1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evaluating-a-condom-intervention-using-strength-970zum1x.png Figure 3: Evaluating a condom intervention using strength-based decomposition. (A) Condom use is thought to reduce probability of transmission by a similar factor throughout the course of infection; thus the proportional reduction Lcondom due to condom use is constant across the course of infection. (B) The estimated amount of early transmission affects estimated strength of the epidemic but not of a condom-based intervention. The black and red circles indicate the baseline scenario. https://scispace.com/papers/speed-estimation-of-an-induction-motor-drive-using-an-33q97zvuar 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulation-of-an-foc-induction-motor-drive-with-ekf-18pi3de4.png Fig. 8. Simulation of an FOC induction motor drive with EKF speed estimation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-performance-of-the-ga-optimized-ekf-for-foc-drive-261jwqwz.png Fig. 9. Performance of the GA-optimized EKF for FOC drive (solid line: actual speed; dotted line: estimated speed). (a) Performance over a complete load cycle. (b) Constant-speed operation. (c) Acceleration to 100 rad/s. (d) Speed reversal from 2 to 2 rad/s. (e) Acceleration to 100 rad/s. (f) Deceleration to standstill. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-closed-loop-constant-v-hz-control-system-with-ekf-3rtap5l3.png Fig. 2. Closed-loop constant V/Hz control system with EKF speed estimation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-performance-of-the-ga-optimized-ekf-for-foc-drive-2qfryivg.png Fig. 10. Performance of the GA-optimized EKF for FOC drive with load https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-optimizing-ekf-performanceusing-ga-for-thefoc-drive-3n67oitb.png TABLE IV OPTIMIZING EKF PERFORMANCEUSING GA FOR THEFOC DRIVE (SPEED DATA FROM EXPERIMENT USED ASTARGET FUNCTION) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-phase-voltage-phase-current-and-speed-estimated-using-1labs1a8.png Fig. 15. Phase voltage, phase current, and speed estimated using the GA-optimized EKF when the motor is run up to 188 rad/s (solid line: actual speed; dotted line: estimated speed). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-actual-speed-and-estimated-speed-of-the-constant-v-hz-p5x38koy.png Fig. 5. Actual speed and estimated speed of the constant V/Hz controller: EKF matrices optimized by GA (solid line: actual speed; dotted line: estimated speed). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-performance-of-ga-optimized-ekf-of-the-constant-v-hz-134n9lm9.png Fig. 6. Performance of GA-optimized EKF of the constant V/Hz drive with various speed control commands (solid line: actual speed; dotted line: estimated speed). (a) Acceleration to 100 rad/s. (b) Speed reversal from 2 to rad/s. (c) Acceleration to 100 rad/s. (d) Deceleration to standstill. https://scispace.com/papers/speed-control-of-vibration-micro-motors-of-a-micro-robotic-3a3055uxkh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-micro-robotic-platform-1ki2ws13.png Fig. 1. The micro-robotic platform. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-the-trajectory-of-the-micro-robotic-platform-3no69wiw.png Fig. 14. The trajectory of the micro-robotic platform. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-trajectory-of-the-micro-robotic-platform-3ebjv4o7.png Fig. 13. The trajectory of the micro-robotic platform. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-motor-parameters-lh918o13.png TABLE I. MOTOR PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-force-analysis-for-the-eccentric-mass-4260g776.png Fig. 3. Force analysis for the eccentric mass. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-model-of-the-micro-motor-b-real-micro-motor-with-2h4570ja.png Fig. 2. (a) Model of the micro-motor. (b) Real micro-motor with eccentric mass. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-open-loop-speed-response-for-different-values-of-input-1wgs3c3o.png Fig. 4. Open loop speed response for different values of input voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-closed-loop-system-with-pi-control-law-a-2j7eaer4.png Fig. 5. Closed-loop system with PI-Control law A. https://scispace.com/papers/speeding-up-a-convolutional-neural-network-by-connecting-an-1k1sn3e8nf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-of-the-svm-network-according-to-olim-1bvw4hxp.png Table 2. Performance of the SVM Network according to Olim criterion in the test database. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-activation-path-performance-according-to-olim-1k0fshzm.png Fig. 4. Activation path performance according to Olim criterion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relative-computational-cost-selected-layers-19diokk9.png Table 1. Relative computational cost selected layers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-architecture-of-the-cnn-with-5-convolutions-3-pooling-3s8tupz4.png Fig. 1. Architecture of the CNN with 5 convolutions, 3 pooling and 3 fully connected layers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-our-svm-network-architecture-hmqdjr8y.png Fig. 2. Illustration of our SVM Network architecture. Communication with the CNN is only effective on layers 1, 3, 7, 8 and 9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-on-this-histogram-each-vertical-blue-line-represents-3305jha9.png Fig. 5. On this histogram, each vertical blue line represents the number of activations for each SVM in the activation path during the testing step. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-efficiency-for-groups-of-svm-layers-with-the-8weqi5xa.png Table 3. Average efficiency for groups of SVM layers with the criterion of minimal number of confident SVMs set to 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-red-points-represent-the-roc-curve-for-the-svmfc2-2qepcn9e.png Fig. 3. The red points represent the ROC curve for the SVMFC2, and the blue points trace the efficiency of the activation path according to the Olim criterion. https://scispace.com/papers/speed-cameras-for-the-prevention-of-road-traffic-injuries-ch12laosbe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-methodological-quality-of-included-studies-ct5ns7q7.png Table 1. Methodological Quality of Included Studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-variations-between-studies-some-examples-1zd08c5h.png Table 2. List of variations between studies (some examples) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-methodological-quality-of-included-studies-continued-1t6qmuwq.png Table 1. Methodological Quality of Included Studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-variations-between-studies-some-examples-1hz0duhe.png Table 2. List of variations between studies (some examples) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-times-series-analysis-was-also-used-to-analyse-the-5kv197kc.png Table 3. Times series analysis was also used to analyse the headcount of crash victims. CA British Columbia estimated a drop in crash victims of -31 to -140, while NZ estimated percentage changes in casualties, compared with control, of -19% and -31%. It was noted in AU VIC 1 (Phase 2), the ratio of fatal plus serious crashes to minor crashes (severity), was analysed using a multiplicative model. Significant reductions in crashes were reported (p<0.01) on a log scale linked to increases in traffic infringement notices (TINs) issued and increased publicity, whilst significant reductions in severity were attributable to increases in TINs issued and hours of speed camera operation. Further details for interrupted time series studies can be seen in the ’characteristics of included studies’ and in Summary of findings 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-variations-between-studies-some-examples-1dmexmjs.png Table 2. List of variations between studies (some examples) https://scispace.com/papers/speeding-up-database-applications-with-pyxis-2mkfd2jfhy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dynamic-switching-experiment-results-3320h0xw.png Figure 2: Dynamic switching experiment results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pyxis-system-design-1ot5e6kx.png Figure 1: Pyxis system design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-screenshot-of-the-application-monitoring-tool-2tgwwg0k.png Figure 4: Screenshot of the application monitoring tool https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-screenshot-of-the-code-visualization-tool-qy697pgs.png Figure 3: Screenshot of the code visualization tool https://scispace.com/papers/speeding-up-mutation-testing-via-data-compression-and-state-5che7obizk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-overall-workflow-of-experimental-study-33szkyjs.png Fig. 3. Overall workflow of experimental study https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-subject-programs-2dy23ses.png TABLE I SUBJECT PROGRAMS https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-test-case-reduction-and-mutant-compression-1xt0xeji.png TABLE II TEST CASE REDUCTION AND MUTANT COMPRESSION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-toy-program-and-its-concept-lattice-2xcn1rej.png Fig. 2. A toy program and its concept lattice https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-error-rate-of-mutant-selection-based-on-fca-308x6owh.png Fig. 4. Error rate of mutant selection based on FCA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-test-case-selection-in-each-iteration-1pjbttmh.png Fig. 5. Comparison of test case selection in each iteration for jsecurity https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-trade-offs-between-execution-time-reduction-error-1mstb3uk.png TABLE III TRADE-OFFS BETWEEN EXECUTION TIME REDUCTION & ERROR RATE (%) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mutation-data-compression-2wtytnlv.png Fig. 1. Mutation data compression https://scispace.com/papers/speleogenesis-geometry-and-topology-of-caves-a-quantitative-4fbaap339v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-curvature-parameter-computation-a-curvature-at-a-point-2217x62n.png Fig. 8. Curvature parameter computation: (A) Curvature at a point P of a curve C, where the point O is the origin of the curvilinear abscissa s. The parameter k is the curvature vector and t designates the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-examples-of-real-3d-monogenic-cave-samples-with-yh7ceu55.png Fig. 16. Examples of real 3D monogenic cave samples with related values of tortuosity T and curvature K. A branch-length weighted average of tortuosity would also be interesting to compute in order to account for a more representative tortuosity of the karst network. However, the impact of the length used for weighting branch tortuosity (Euclidian or curvilinear length) must be evaluated. Indeed, Euclidian length may privilege straight branches, and on the contrary, the curvilinear one may favor the highly tortuous branches. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-of-numerical-data-in-a-real-cave-context-color-1q47l82b.png Fig. 4. Example of numerical data in a real cave context. Color circles represent survey stations with node valence ratio (see Fig. 5 for details); the yellow line the survey shot with distance, orientation, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-cross-plot-showing-the-distribution-of-geometrical-3o4184pi.png Fig. 12. Cross-plot showing the distribution of geometrical parameters (V, WH, T and K) for the 48 monogenic cave samples. Values for the polygenic network (i.e., before monogenic subdivision) are not plotted and are shown in the following section. The Fig. 12B (V vs. T) shows that tortuosity is variable for all the cave patterns and is not linked to the verticality of cave branches (V). On Fig. 12C, it may be observed that VB, WTC, and AM are mostly in separate areas: • The VB type is mainly delimited by WH < 1, with high variability for K. • The WTC type is roughly located where WH > 1 and K < 0.2. • The AM type is mostly confined to where WH > 1 and K > 0.2. • The LC type is spread between these zones. Thus, whatever the verticality of VB, its WH ratio is still < 1.5, whereas for the three remaining types, the verticality index is always below 0.2 in the studied database, although WH presents a high variability > 0.5. Tortuosity https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-idealized-cross-section-of-a-karst-system-with-a-3sfkkiwu.png Fig. 1. Idealized cross section of a karst system with a vertical spatial zonation of karst, and planviews of associated patterns. Recharge can be epigenic, with diffuse or concentrated infiltration, or https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-boxplots-showing-the-distribution-of-the-computed-ju9glu30.png Fig. 11. Boxplots showing the distribution of the computed parameters for each monogenic type. (A) Vertical index, (B) tortuosity, (C) curvature, (D) WH ratio, (E) ramification index, (F) α graph index, and (G) γ graph index. The caps at the end of each box indicate the extreme values (minimum and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-cross-plots-showing-the-distribution-of-geometrical-1uo9cjp7.png Fig. 15. Cross-plots showing the distribution of geometrical and topological parameters for the polygenic networks (8 samples) and for the monogenic ones stemming from polygenic networks (29 samples). (A) and (B): Geometrical correlations, (C) and (D): topological correlations. The distribution of parameters is not discussed here in detail, but some general features are given. By analyzing the polygenic networks, the vertical component of the networks (Fig. 15A) is reduced and does not exceed V = 0.1. The WH ratio remains variable with a smaller range than when considering only the monogenic ones. Only the curvature remains within a range of equivalent variability. From a topological point of view, the variability is much lower and does not provide the resolution obtained with the monogenic networks. The topological indices R, α, and γ are less variable https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-examples-of-3d-cave-survey-data-and-their-monogenic-1tzny1f8.png Fig. 3. Examples of 3D cave survey data and their monogenic assignment. The data set was gathered thanks to the invaluable exploration and survey work of cavers. A relative altitude scale is indicated to ease the 3D view. For polygenic caves, the cave survey was split into the previously defined four groups of cave patterns. Thus, each part of the studied caves was assumed to result from one main speleogenetic process and to represent a virtual monogenic cave pattern sample. Each monogenic cave pattern assignment was validated thanks to the known type of speleogenesis deduced from field observations (direct in situ observation or literature review). As a result, for the whole database all the (virtual or not) monogenic karst samples were assigned to one of the four cave patterns (VB, WTC, LC, and AM) as presented in Fig. 1, Fig. 3. The 26 cave networks include 8 polygenic caves, and the remainder are monogenic. This processing leads to 48 monogenic karst samples (Table 1). It accounts for a total of 73, 749 surveyed stations. The VB type (vadose branchwork) is the most abundant in the monogenic cave pattern sample (37.5%) with 18 samples. The AM type (angular maze) is the least common in terms of number of samples (7 https://scispace.com/papers/spermatozoon-ultrastructure-of-thysanotaenia-congolensis-amnocum7bd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ultrastructural-characters-of-spermiogenesis-and-the-2fp7yozm.png Table 1. Ultrastructural characters of spermiogenesis and the spermatozoon in the Anoplocephalidae and Davaineidae cestodes. https://scispace.com/papers/spermine-sepharose-as-a-clustered-charge-anion-exchange-21l1mirarm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-linear-gradient-elution-chromatography-on-spermine-22ef3x7l.png Fig. 6. Linear gradient elution chromatography on spermine Sepharose (13.2 ± 0.4 mM ligand or 52.8 mM charge) and GE DEAE (135 ± 25 mM) of Ca2+ depleted -lactalbumin and BSA. 0.4 mg (1 ml) of protein containing equal amounts of Ca2+ depleted -lactalbumin and BSA were loaded onto a 21 mm H × 5 mm ID column on an ÄKTA purifier 10 (GE Healthcare, Uppsala, Sweden). The columns were washed with 5 CV of Buffer A (10 mM Tris, 10 mM NaCl pH 8.0), then eluted over 25 CV with a linear gradient from Buffer A to Buffer A + 250 mM NaCl. On spermine Sepharose -lactalbumin elutes at 127 mM NaCl whereas BSA elutes a r w https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spermine-molecule-with-corresponding-pka-values-for-30gc51yo.png Fig. 1. Spermine molecule with corresponding pKa values for titratable atoms. Note t o https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-adsorption-isotherms-of-lactalbumin-ca2-depleted-on-q-1bky19td.png Fig. 2. Adsorption isotherms of -lactalbumin (Ca2+ depleted) on Q Sepharose resin ( ), spermine Sepharose resin ( ), GE DEAE Sepharose resin ( ) and DEAE Qiagen resin ( ), 25 ◦C in 10 mM Tris, 10 mM NaCl, pH 8. Numbers in parenthesis refer to https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-langmuir-isotherm-parameters-qmax-and-kd-pp14w6mt.png Table 1 Values of langmuir isotherm parameters Qmax and KD and Langmuir–Freundlich Qmax and KD parameters and heterogeneity parameter nH , for adsorption of -lactalbumin (Ca2+ depleted) on spermine-Sepharose, DEAE Qiagen and GE DEAE Sepharose adsorbents. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-steric-mass-action-model-parameters-qa-k-l-steric-2vxa791s.png Table 2 Steric mass action model parameters Qa, K, L, (steric factor) and for adsorption of -lactalbumin (Ca2+ depleted) on spermine Sepharose, DEAE Qiagen and GE DEAE Sepharose adsorbents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-adsorption-isotherms-of-bakers-yeast-rna-langmuir-fits-12ns2w3h.png Fig. 5. Adsorption isotherms of Baker’s yeast RNA. Langmuir fits for Q Sepharose resin ( ), Spermine Sepharose ( ), Pentaargininamide adsorbent ( ), GE DEAE ( ), and Qiagen DEAE resin ( ) at 25 ◦C in 10 mM Tris, 10 mM NaCl at pH 8.0. (Results other than spermine Sepharose from Reference [20]). https://scispace.com/papers/spg10-is-a-rare-cause-of-spastic-paraplegia-in-european-2nrwrlslfs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-and-neurophysiological-features-of-spg10-2n32ml60.png Table 1 Clinical and neurophysiological features of SPG10 patients https://scispace.com/papers/sph-calculations-of-mars-scale-collisions-the-role-of-the-450o6uhb5d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-series-showing-material-distribution-for-the-3pyszw5m.png Figure 3: Time series showing material distribution for the nominal case (45◦, ANEOS, solid, integrated density; two left columns) and the corresponding fluid case (two right columns). Impactor’s trajectory is clockwise. This is a slice of 1000 km depth inside the impact plane. Plots are centered on the center of mass of the main body. On material plots, colour represents the type and origin: blue is target’s mantle, purple impactor’s mantle, red target’s core and yellow impactor’s core. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-same-as-figure-5-but-for-the-corresponding-head-on-jm85umqz.png Figure 6: Same as figure 5, but for the corresponding head-on cases. Initial contact happens on the right side. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-non-accreted-masses-for-oblique-geometry-runs-ejecta-h6msnoon.png Table 4: Non accreted masses for oblique geometry runs. Ejecta column gives the amount of bound ejecta, computed at 6 hours after impact. Disc is the amount of material that remains orbiting around the simulations’ end (18 hours after impact) and Escaping represents the unbound material, also at simulations’ end. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-material-and-temperature-plots-for-the-oblique-2l5ak7ag.png Figure 5: Material and temperature plots for the oblique impact cases at the end of the simulations. The top line is the same as the final one of figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-material-parameters-for-the-solid-rheology-model-g-hcwlrqr3.png Table 1: Material parameters for the solid rheology model. G is the shear modulus. σM is the von Mises plastic limit. Melting temperature Tm is computed from um using equation (11). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-cumulative-mass-fraction-of-mantle-with-1nnl0vl8.png Figure 10: Cumulative mass fraction of mantle with temperature greater than a given value. Same as left panel of figure 7, but comparing density computation instead. Left panel is for ANEOS, where blue lines are now density summation. Right panel is Tillotson with green lines for density summation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-initial-profiles-of-the-different-impactors-used-in-34zbaqbj.png Figure 1: Initial profiles of the different impactors used in this study. The 1D profile is depicted by the black line. Each point is one SPH particle and its color represents the material: red for iron and blue for silicate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-end-result-comparison-for-case-with-evolved-sjqlsnec.png Figure 11: End result comparison for case with evolved internal energy during setup phase (two left panels) and constant (two right panels). Colours for material plots are the same as in figure 3. https://scispace.com/papers/sphere-packing-aided-surface-reconstruction-for-multi-view-2egzyjbls0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-resulting-meshes-of-our-method-on-scan-point-data-f9sk1kut.png Fig. 6: The resulting meshes of our method on scan point data: The first row shows the resulting meshes; The second row shows the corresponding histograms about triangle angles in the meshes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-three-operations-applied-for-advancing-the-current-161cdfnz.png Fig. 1: Three operations applied for advancing the current front (yellow): (a) ear cutting; (b) point addition; (c) merging fronts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-statistics-about-the-angles-in-the-results-66jul9i8.png Table 1: The statistics about the angles in the results Figure 4a and Figure 4b. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-comparison-of-poisson-reconstruction-a-and-our-3jkp6yif.png Fig. 4: A comparison of Poisson reconstruction (a) and our proposed method (b) is illustrated. The input point cloud is same to the one used in in Figure 3a and the two meshes are displayed in the same close-up view. (c) and (d) are two corresponding histograms about triangle angle values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-reconstruction-results-of-bp-pr-and-yo-in-18212-1ezsv3zl.png Fig. 5: The reconstruction results of BP, PR and YO in [18,21,2] respectively, as well as our methods are evaluated using the method proposed in [25]. The images show the variance weighted depth difference. Red pixels represent errors larger than 30σ. Green pixels represent the missing scan data of the ground truth. The relative errors between 0 and 30σ are displayed using gray scale from 255 to 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-comparison-of-a-without-and-b-with-the-14demrh0.png Fig. 2: The comparison of (a) without and (b) with the supplementary propagation. The white dots represent the input point cloud. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-completeness-and-errors-of-the-results-in-figure-25no11tk.png Table 2: The completeness and errors of the results in Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-sizes-of-the-input-point-clouds-and-the-24hltsdt.png Table 3: The sizes of the input point clouds and the resulting meshes in Section 4. https://scispace.com/papers/sphere-encapsulated-monte-carlo-obtaining-minimum-energy-w8x1mnyx6m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-accepted-energies-as-a-function-of-iteration-for-1zarshfi.png Figure 3: Accepted energies as a function of iteration for the CIR16COR16 cluster. Three cases initialised with different configurations are given for both simulations using spheres of different sizes in the rearrangement step (shown with dashed lines) and simulations using a uniform sphere size (shown by solid lines). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-final-intermolecular-energy-eint-kj-mol-average-3d5ethlu.png Table 2: Final intermolecular energy (Eint, kJ/mol), average radial distance (r, nm), coordination number (CN), and computation run time (CPU kilohours) of heterogeneous cluster systems from SEMC and REMD simulations. Values are obtained from post-simulation minimised clusters to allow comparison between the SEMC and REMD methods. The subscripts refer to the large (CIR, OVA) and small (COR, PYR) molecule types within each cluster as well as the total system. REMD simulation results are obtained from Bowal et al. 46 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-of-the-semc-method-the-cluster-images-3txgu0bz.png Figure 1: Flow chart of the SEMC method. The cluster images show a CIR16COR16 cluster, where CIR molecules are shown in blue and COR molecules are shown in red. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-iterations-of-the-semc-method-required-to-18l977dt.png Table 1: Number of iterations of the SEMC method required to obtain minimum energies (kJ/mol) using different values of the temperature parameter (K). Energies and iterations are provided as ranges, taken from at least three independent simulations conducted for each case. The average iteration value is provided in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-energies-of-homogeneous-pah-clusters-containing-2-375la7dh.png Figure 2: Energies of homogeneous PAH clusters containing 2–32 coronene molecules obtained with the SEMC method using the isoPAHAP potential and published global optimisation methods. The values obtained by the evolutionary algorithm method using an improved Lennard-Jones potential come from Bartolomei et al. 35 , the basin-hopping method using a Lennard-Jones potential come from Rapacioli et al. 34 , and the coarse-grained basin-hopping method using a Lennard-Jones potential from Hernández-Rojas et al. 38 . The purple arrow highlights the energy shift caused by using PAH-specific interaction parameters compared to generic LJ parameters which are known to cause enhanced binding. Cluster snapshots shown are from the SEMC method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-snapshots-of-final-cluster-configurations-from-semc-21hv89bp.png Figure 5: Snapshots of final cluster configurations from SEMC simulations (shown on the left for each cluster pair) compared with REMD simulation results46 (shown on the right) for heterogeneous PAH clusters of different sizes. Larger molecules (CIR, OVA) are coloured blue and smaller molecules (COR, PYR) are red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-accepted-energies-and-molecular-radial-distances-as-3ddmvkp1.png Figure 4: Accepted energies and molecular radial distances as a function of iteration for the CIR8COR8 cluster. Cluster snapshots and corresponding molecular coordination numbers are shown for key minimum energy configurations. CIR molecules are shown in blue and COR molecules are shown in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-complex-pah-clusters-evaluated-by-the-semc-method-kcbkutic.png Figure 6: Complex PAH clusters evaluated by the SEMC method. Minimimum energy clusters containing 9 aromatic molecules of varying sizes: benzene (dark green), naphthalene (cyan), anthracene (purple), tetracene (pink), pentacene (light green), pyrene (red), coronene (orange), ovalene (blue), circumcoronene (silver), denoted as BENxNAPxANTxTETxPENxPYRxCORxOVAxCIRx, are shown containing (a) one of each molecule type, x = 1; (b) three of each molecule type, x = 3; and (c) five of each molecule type, x = 5. The large OVA50COR50PYR50 cluster is shown in (d). https://scispace.com/papers/spherically-symmetric-inhomogeneous-bianisotropic-media-wave-4yepsg9ry0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scattering-cross-sections-for-the-particles-supporting-3sf4d3l9.png FIG. 1. Scattering cross-sections for the particles supporting Airy-exponential waves. (a) Chirality results in the distinct differential cross-sections ρ(θ ) for the right- and left-handed polarized waves [m = ±1 in Eq. (B9)]. The inset sketches geometry of the scattering. Differential cross-section against parameters defining the inhomogeneous medium, quantities (b) a and (c) H2. The total cross-section is depicted in the inset in (b). (d) Variation of the differential scattering pattern depending on the radius of the core r1 in the core-shell geometry (particle radius k0R = 1 and core permittivity ε1 = 3.52). Default parameters: a = 1, g1 = 1 + i, H2/k20 = H3/k30 = 1, and k0R = π . https://scispace.com/papers/spherically-symmetric-nanoparticle-melting-with-a-variable-11lkpz7pmy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sketch-of-the-problem-configuration-2swpgl9r.png Figure 2. Sketch of the problem configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-melting-times-computed-with-the-one-phase-model-1bat6ewt.png Table 2. Melting times computed with the one–phase model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-melting-times-computed-with-the-two-phase-model-2zm2g9f2.png Table 3. Melting times computed with the two–phase model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-size-dependence-of-the-melting-temperature-of-gold-lftl1882.png Figure 1. Size dependence of the melting temperature of gold nanoparticles. Solid line represents Tm from (4), dashed line corresponds to (2) and dash-dotted line to Pawlow model. Diamonds are experimental data from [5]. The subplot shows Tm from (2) and (4) for radius below 2 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-approximate-thermodynamical-parameter-values-for-zxhet2fi.png Table 1. Approximate thermodynamical parameter values for water, gold, and lead. The values for σsl are taken from [5, 18, 29]. https://scispace.com/papers/spherically-symmetric-solutions-of-the-sixth-order-su-n-wjmhdvupqv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-topological-charge-and-energy-of-the-hedgehog-su-2-19m5q1uu.png TABLE I. Topological charge and energy of the hedgehog SU~2! solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-energy-density-of-the-multi-projector-solution-364m1mdm.png FIG. 5. Energy density of the multi-projector solution withnF50, ng51, l50.5. ~a! N510, ~b! N520, ~c! N550, ~d! N5100, and~e! n5200. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-profile-a-g-and-b-f-of-the-multi-projector-solution-1k5bps30.png FIG. 6. Profile~a! g and ~b! F of the multi-projector solution withnF50, ng51, l50.5. ~a! F for N510, ~b! F for N 520, ~c! F for N550, ~d! 1003F for N5100, and~e! 1003F for N5200. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-topological-charge-and-energy-of-some-su-4-2zsm6mmv.png TABLE III. Topological charge and energy of some SU~4! configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-energy-density-of-the-su-4-multi-projector-ansatz-a-2kdv33b1.png FIG. 4. Energy density of the Su~4! multi-projector ansatz~a! n050, n150, n251; ~b! n051, n150, n250; ~c! n0 50, n151, n250; ~d! n051, n150, n251; ~e! n051, n151, n250; and~f! n050, n151, n251. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-total-energy-of-the-1-skyrmion-solution-1rjp1g0h.png FIG. 1. Total energy of the 1 Skyrmion solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-energy-of-the-su-3-solution-for-the-boundary-2c2mw96l.png FIG. 3. Energy of the SU~3! solution for the boundary conditions~a! nF50,ng51, ~b! nF51,ng50, ~c! nF51,ng521, ~d! nF51,ng51. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-function-profilef-and-energy-density-for-the-1-2z9hjdrz.png FIG. 2. Function profilef and energy density for the 1 Skyrmion solution of the pure Skyrme model,l50, and the pure Sk6 model,l51. https://scispace.com/papers/sphere-to-ring-morphological-transformation-in-drying-3tm32xnyss 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-showing-the-superimposed-surface-profiles-of-3jp27fy6.png Fig. 6 Schematic showing the superimposed surface profiles of a buckling nanofluid droplet; critical buckling parameters are marked. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-time-history-of-the-squared-non-dimensional-droplet-2i47fm6q.png Fig. 2 (a) Time history of the squared non-dimensional droplet diameter (D/Di) 2 showing the distinct stages of the droplet lifecycle. (b) Temporal variation in the droplet size reduction during the buckling regime (III). https://scispace.com/papers/spheroid-based-approach-to-assess-tissue-relevance-of-19hpvwf2r5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-kinetics-of-mdr-efflux-in-ovarian-cancer-cell-162lzv87.png Figure 3. Kinetics of MDR efflux in ovarian-cancer cell spheroids. Representative images of spheroids: a) bright-field; b–d) time-lapse fluorescent scans of the equatorial spheroid plane; e) identification of cells in the equatorial spheroid plane after the completion of acquisition of all kinetic data followed by separation of outer (yellow) and inner (blue) cells; f) typical kinetic traces of fluorescent signal from the outer and inner cells. Start time of MDR-efflux initiation is marked with an arrow; this initiation is achieved through removal of the MDR inhibitor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-depiction-of-crrc-of-intact-spheroids-the-22jmyfk2.png Figure 2. Schematic depiction of CRRC of intact spheroids. The cells are loaded with a fluorogenic (or fluorescent) substrate for the cellular reaction of interest (1). Sequential images of fluorescence intensity from the cells are recorded by time-lapse confocal microscopically in multiple horizontal sections with a 15-μm vertical distance between the adjacent horizontal planes (2a). Only cells located in the outer layer of spheroids (outer cells) are analyzed (2b). The subsequent steps (3–5) remain the same as in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-depiction-of-crrc-a-fluorescent-or-1f61ai8n.png Figure 1. Schematic depiction of CRRC. A fluorescent (or fluorogenic) substrate of the reaction of interest is added to the cells (1). Kinetics of fluorescence intensity is measured microscopically — sequential images of individual cells are taken over a period of time (2). Values of the reaction rate constant are determined for each cell (3 and 4). These values are used for a “rate constant value vs. number of cells” histogram (5). The heterogeneity of the population can be characterized accurately using this robust histogram. Adapted from Koshkin et al. 2019 [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-kmdr-values-for-cells-within-3su0h8s6.png Figure 4. Distribution of kMDR values for cells within cultured monolayers (black line), the outer cells in cultured spheroids (blue line), and dispersed-settled cells obtained by disintegrating the spheroids and allowing the cells to settle on the surface during a 5-h incubation period (red line). All the cells were from the A2780 ovarian cancer cell line. https://scispace.com/papers/sphire-cryolo-a-fast-and-accurate-fully-automated-particle-2h31kkjljb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-selection-of-nompc-particles-and-structural-analysis-a-1qs5dpdk.png Fig. 4 Selection of NOMPC particles and structural analysis. a, b Representative micrograph (micrograph number 1854) of the EMPIAR-10093 dataset. Particles picked by a crYOLO or b RELION, respectively, are highlighted by red boxes. Scale bar, 50 nm. c Summary of particle selection and structural analysis using RELION and crYOLO/SPHIRE. d Representative reference-free 2-D class averages obtained using the ISAC and Beautifier tools (SPHIRE) from particles selected by crYOLO. Scale bar, 10 nm. e FSC curves and f final 3-D reconstruction of the NOMPC dataset obtained from particles picked using crYOLO and processed with SPHIRE. The 0.143 FSC between the masked and unmasked half-maps indicates resolutions of 3.4 and 3.8 Å, https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-yolo-network-architecture-2klb07t4.png Table 2 YOLO network architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-selection-of-prx3-particles-and-structural-analysis-a-30fttens.png Fig. 5 Selection of Prx3 particles and structural analysis. a, b Particles selected on a representative micrograph (micrograph number 19.22.14) of the EMPIAR-10050 dataset using either a crYOLO or b EMAN2. Scale bar, 100 nm. c Summary of particle selection and structural analysis. The resolution in parentheses is the result obtained after a 3-D refinement performed in SPHIRE using the final 8562 particles of the original dataset. d Representative 2-D class averages obtained from two rounds of classification using the crYOLO-selected particles and ISAC. Scale bar, 10 nm. Well-centered examples for all views showing high-resolution details can be readily obtained from the data. e Fourier shell correlation plots for the final 3-D reconstruction (black) using the crYOLO-selected particles or the 8562 particles from the original dataset (gray). The average resolution of our 3-D reconstruction is ~4.6 Å, whereas that one from the originally used particles is ~4.5 Å. f Top and side views of the 3-D reconstruction obtained with crYOLO/SPHIRE. For clarity, all subunits are colored differently in the reconstruction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-generalized-cryolo-network-a-b-particles-selected-on-a-1fh5uyh5.png Fig. 9 Generalized crYOLO network. a, b Particles selected on a representative micrograph of glutamate dehydrogenase (EMPIAR 10127) and RNA polymerase (EMPIAR 10190). None of the datasets were included in the set used for training the generalized crYOLO network. Scale bars, 50 nm. c AUC, recall, and precision of the datasets included into the general model evaluated for the crYOLO network architecture and the Inception-ResNet (IR) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-training-and-picking-in-cryolo-a-with-the-yolo-1y4c55yt.png Fig. 1 Training and picking in crYOLO. a With the YOLO approach the complete micrograph is taken as the input for the CNN. When the image is passed through the network the image is spatially downsampled to a small grid. Then YOLO predicts for each grid cell if it contains the center of a particle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-snr-dependence-of-cryolo-a-noise-level-dependency-of-2ebzfa11.png Fig. 6 SNR dependence of crYOLO. a Noise-level dependency of crYOLO picking simulated TRPC4 particles (EMD-4339) measured by the area under the precision-recall curve (AUC). The AUC stays above 0.8 up to a noise level of 6 (SNR 0.041). b Example micrographs for the noise levels of 1, 4, and 8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-training-of-cryolo-on-klh-a-one-example-of-a-particle-2m92l6ff.png Fig. 7 Training of crYOLO on KLH. a One example of a particle picking result by crYOLO trained for all views with 14 micrographs of the full KLH dataset and b trained only for side views. Scale bar, 70 nm. c Precision-recall curves for the low defocus micrographs of the KLH dataset using several training set sizes (Supplementary Data 1). The curves were estimated based on 17 randomly selected test micrographs out of the full dataset. The AUC values are 0.97 (blue), 0.94 (orange), 0.9 (green) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-graphical-tool-for-creating-training-data-and-3b32nxxr.png Fig. 2 Graphical tool for creating training data and visualizing results. The tool can read images in MRC, TIFF, and JPG format and box files in EMAN1 and STAR format. The example shown is a micrograph of TRPC423 with https://scispace.com/papers/spike-discharge-prediction-based-on-neuro-fuzzy-system-xkwzs6j0c9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-spike-discharge-prediction-for-cat-contralateral-f1ckyds6.png Figure 6: Spike discharge prediction for cat contralateral forepaw cortex using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-spike-discharge-prediction-for-cat-contralateral-1b5af5t5.png Figure 7: Spike discharge prediction for cat contralateral forepaw cortex using denfis algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-spike-discharge-prediction-for-cat-ipsilateral-21jx2paq.png Figure 16: Spike discharge prediction for cat ipsilateral hindpaw cortex using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-spike-discharge-prediction-for-cat-ipsilateral-113zmyrn.png Figure 17: Spike discharge prediction for cat ipsilateral hindpaw cortex using denfis algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-spike-discharge-prediction-for-cat-contralateral-27yztoa8.png Figure 8: Spike discharge prediction for cat contralateral forepaw cortex using genetic for lateral tuning and rule selection of linguistic fuzzy system algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-spike-discharge-prediction-for-cat-contralateral-39ic01bs.png Figure 9: Spike discharge prediction for cat contralateral forepaw cortex using Hyfis algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-spike-discharge-prediction-for-cat-contralateral-29qpwze2.png Figure 14: Spike discharge prediction for cat contralateral hindpaw cortex using genetic for lateral tuning and rule selection of linguistic fuzzy system algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-spike-discharge-prediction-for-cat-contralateral-38p95plq.png Figure 15: Spike discharge prediction for cat contralateral hindpaw cortex using Wang and Mendel algorithm https://scispace.com/papers/spike-timing-in-primary-sensory-neurons-a-model-of-atlulcgja8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mechanical-part-of-model-mass-components-are-37u5v16l.png Figure 1: Mechanical part of model. Mass components are represented as blocks, springs and dampers are shown iconically, the pivot of the whisker shaft in the follicle is a circle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-memory-and-mechanical-ringing-a-reproduction-of-1lsfmz6j.png Figure 12: Memory and mechanical ringing. (A) Reproduction of population response histogram for ramp-hold-release stimulus with 3ms rise time, from Shoykhet et al., 2000, top left panel of Figure 1 in that work – short floating bar at 50ms indicates duration of 3ms stimulus ramp. Simulation of that protocol driving model cells produces results: (B) original follicle model, (C) original follicle model with memory component removed, and (D) as (C) but with actuator ringing modelled by stimulus filtering (see text for details). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-nominal-ra-cell-and-progressive-20vks3qo.png Table 1: Parameters of the nominal RA cell, and progressive models of Zurvan. Dots indicate that this parameter is unchanged (so look left for its value). Empty indicates that this parameter is not applicable to this model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-z4-as-a-model-of-zurvan-sub-panels-as-for-figure-3-1zpiyy8o.png Figure 8: Z4 as a model of Zurvan, sub-panels as for Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-angular-response-profiles-computed-from-response-2rk4o6we.png Figure 9: Angular response profiles computed from response probability profiles for Zurvan and Z4, compared with true circle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-response-of-z4-to-the-natural-data-for-p280-3fy9yvyq.png Figure 10: Response of Z4 to the natural data for P280 texture, 100 different stimuli. (A) Average stimulus velocity profile showing two free whisks followed by two whisks against the texture, (B) response raster plot, (C) response PSTH. Arrowheads indicate velocity features to which Zurvan responded (A) and Z4 response peaks (C). Figures in lower panel indicate total spikes (N) over all trials in response to each feature, and standard deviation in spike time of these (SD). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-shifted-zurvan-as-a-model-of-zurvan-sub-panels-3uo9emzt.png Figure 5: Time-shifted Zurvan as a model of Zurvan, sub-panels as for Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-z1-as-a-model-of-zurvan-sub-panels-as-for-figure-3-2he0mu31.png Figure 6: Z1 as a model of Zurvan, sub-panels as for Figure 3. https://scispace.com/papers/spillovers-of-innovation-activities-and-their-profitability-2be89ipdqh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ordered-probit-models-with-known-threshold-values-on-3gkmsb81.png Table 3: Ordered Probit models with known threshold values on return on sales https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-surveyed-categories-of-the-return-on-sales-gp7o4pcn.png Table 1: Surveyed categories of the return on sales https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-903-observations-for-the-year-321a999o.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics (903 observations) for the year t = 2002 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-survey-responses-on-the-return-on-5swwimnv.png Figure 1: Distribution of survey responses on the return on sales https://scispace.com/papers/spin-charge-separation-in-aharonov-bohm-rings-of-interacting-1xgkzgb9vo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-transmittance-as-a-function-of-flux-for-a-tr-j-model-3gvldtx1.png FIG. 2: Transmittance as a function of flux for a tr-J model with J = 0.001tr , tr = t, t ′ = 0.3t, and L = 8 sites. The filling of the ring is (a) N + 1 = 4, (b) N + 1 = 6, and (c) N + 1 = 8. The transmission occurs through intermediate states with N = 3, 5, and 7 particles, respectively, which lead to minima at flux values φd ≈ π(1− 2ns/N) (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-representation-of-an-interacting-system-on-2r98kk9a.png FIG. 1: (a) Schematic representation of an interacting system on a ring connected by links t′ to free-electron leads. The number of sites in the ring depicted is L = 8, and the transmittance is computed from the Green function connecting sites 0 and L/2. (b) Effective model of two impurities in a single conducting chain derived in the limit of weak t′. https://scispace.com/papers/spikeship-a-method-for-fast-unsupervised-discovery-of-high-55nqa824uf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-accuracy-and-speed-up-comparison-for-single-spike-3sj24zt2.png Fig 2. Accuracy and Speed-up comparison for single-spike patterns (n = 1). A) Example of single spike trains for two epochs for 10 neurons. Patterns were generated as uniform sequences with 1 spike per neuron per epoch. B) Values of SPOTDis and SpikeShip as a function of the number of neurons N . The value of SpikeShip is scaled by a factor 75 based on the analytical relationship for patterns with a single spike per neuron. Note that this simulation confirms the analytical relationship between SPOTDis and SpikeShip (see Methods). C) Difference between SpikeShip vs. SPOTDis (scaled by same factor as in (B)) expressed as percentage. D) Computational speed-up for SpikeShip vs. SPOTDis, which is approximately N when there is 1 spike per neuron. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dissimimilarity-matrices-and-clustering-comparison-top-t6qqrn4y.png Fig 4. Dissimimilarity matrices and clustering comparison. Top: Samples from simulated neuronal outputs according to an inhomogenous Poisson process (using scripts provided by [15]). Bottom: Dissimilarity matrix using SpikeShip dissimilarity measures (left), and a 2-dimensional t-SNE embedding using SpikeShip dissimilarity matrix (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-spikeship-example-of-two-epochs-with-2yjyjc4a.png Fig 1. Illustration of SpikeShip Example of two epochs with spike times tk = (10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10) and tm = (20, 30, 35, 45, 50, 60) (note only one spike per neuron in this example). The vector ~c contains the differences of spike times tk and tm. The median of ~c, gmin = 30 is the optimal global shift such that fi = ci − gmin. The neuron-specific shifts ~f = (−20,−10,−5, 5, 10, 20) contain all the information about the structure of distances between tk and tm. SpikeShip equals Fkm = 1 6 ∑N i |fi| = 70 6 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-of-spotdis-and-spikeship-example-of-three-1znga4b2.png Fig 3. Example of SPOTDis and SpikeShip. Example of three single-spike patterns: (−20, 0, 0,+20), (0, 0, 0, 0), and (−15,−15,+15,+15), from left to right. SpikeShip assigns a geometrically more appropriate transport cost between pattern 1 and 2 (F1,2 = 10) than SPOTDis (D1,2 = 17.5), considering their distance with pattern 0. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-contamination-analogy-kramers-pairs-symmetry-and-spin-2u91tofkjj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-quasirelativistic-s2-uhf-expectation-values-the-30jpja8o.png Table 4: Quasirelativistic < Ŝ2 >UHF expectation values, the directly evaluated < Ŝ2 > GCHF expectation value, the < Ŝ2GCHF > analog, and COLGCHF , NCOLGCHF and KUGCHF spin populations in the Ar, Cl, H2O +, HCl+, C6H5O·, Fe, Cu, Cu2+ and the Os complex [OsCl5(Hpz)]− https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-overlap-sij-real-imaginary-part-and-overlap-12hfek9q.png Table 1: The overlap Sīj (real, imaginary part) and overlap squared between the Kramers ī and original j GCHF DKH2 orbitals of Cl atom (UDZ basis set), where i < j https://scispace.com/papers/spin-crossover-and-the-liesst-effect-in-fexco1-x-bpp-2-bf4-2-2votlaqywf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-x-ray-powder-diffraction-data-from-1si0bqjo.png Fig. 2. Experimental X-ray powder diffraction data from compounds in this work, and simulations based on the room-temperature crystal structures of the precursor compounds. Data from 1a are visually indistinguishable from those of 1b. The greater-than-expected intensity of the peak near 2θ = 38.5° in each pattern is a preferred orientation effect from the manually ground polycrystalline samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-temperature-dependence-of-khmt-for-1a-a-1b-b-and-1c-c-3lts0jr5.png Fig. 5. Temperature dependence of χMT for 1a (a), 1b (b) and 1c (c): thermal behavior of χMT before irradiation ( ), during irradiation (△) at 510 nm at 10 K, and the T(LIESST) measurement in the warming mode when the laser was switched off ( ). Inset: first derivative of the χMT vs. T curve, recorded in the dark after irradiation, whose minimum gives T(LIESST). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observed-values-of-khmt-cm-3mol-1k-from-high-and-low-bnghlfqn.png Table 1 Observed values of χMT (cm 3mol–1K) from high- and low-spin [Fe xCo1–x(1-bpp)2][BF4]2 (1a1c), compared with predicted values based on the analytical compositions of the samples. The reduced χMT values at 5 K are reduced by zero-field splitting of the remaining high-spin fraction of the sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-magnetic-susceptibility-data-from-1a-green-circles-1b-1kn7mkjv.png Fig. 3. Magnetic susceptibility data from 1a (green circles), 1b (blue diamonds) and 1c (pink squares). Lines through the data are also shown, for clarity. Data for 1a were measured in both cooling and warming mode, while the other two compounds are in warming mode only. Top: the complete temperature range of 5-300 K. Center: expansion of the spin-transitions, including pure [Fe(bpp)2][BF4]2 (black triangles) for comparison [25]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-hs-ls-relaxation-kinetics-for-1a-a-1b-b-and-1c-c-at-2yxdgjky.png Fig. 6. HS→LS relaxation kinetics for 1a (a), 1b (b) and 1c (c) at temperatures between 66 K and 80 K. The red lines in (a) show the simulations discussed in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-disorder-scattering-in-a-ferromagnetic-insulator-on-36ln4a6xr5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spin-disorder-scattering-limited-mobility-versus-26zszq0c.png Figure 4. Spin disorder scattering limited mobility versus temperature at various magnetic fields. In the upper (lower) curves the exchange interaction parameter is Jexch = 0.005 eV (0.05 eV). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spin-disorder-scattering-limited-mobility-versus-1a2yrcp2.png Figure 3. Spin disorder scattering limited mobility versus temperature for various electron concentrations in graphene. Here the value of the exchange interaction parameter is Jexch = 0.05 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-resistivity-versus-temperature-at-b-0-t-in-the-3i2zxb6a.png Figure 6. (a) Resistivity versus temperature at B = 0 T in the case of the weak coupling constant Jexch = 0.005 eV and the low background mobility μRT = 100 cm 2 V−1 s−1. The electron concentration is n = 1013 cm−2. (b) Derivative of the resistivity with respect to temperature as a function of temperature at B = 0 T. The dashed curve has been calculated at B = 1 T. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-drawing-of-a-ferromagnetic-graphene-3rmedq29.png Figure 1. Schematic drawing of a ferromagnetic graphene structure, where a 2D graphene layer (C– C) is between an insulating substrate (SiC) and a EuO thin film, which is a ferromagnetic insulator (FMI). The electrical transport occurs in the graphene layer between two nonmagnetic contacts (M). The carrier concentration in the graphene layer can be controlled by adding a gate metal (G) to the system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-calculated-resistivity-versus-temperature-at-two-34eni0q0.png Figure 5. Calculated resistivity versus temperature at two values of the external magnetic field, B = 0 T (solid curves) and B = 1 T (dashed curves), when the carrier concentration is 1013 cm−2, and the exchange interaction parameter Jexch = 0.05 eV. The background mobility at room temperature is (a) 100 cm2 V−1 s−1, (b) 300 cm2 V−1 s−1, (c) 103 cm2 V−1 s−1, and (d) 104 cm2 V−1 s−1. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-dynamics-near-the-quantum-critical-point-of-heavy-2i69wlckxz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-continuum-of-the-intra-and-interband-electron-hole-2xkm5wrc.png Fig. 1. Continuum of the intra- and interband electron—hole pair excitations s@@aa(q,u)O0 and s@@ab(q,u)O0. Note the presence of a gap in the interband transitions equal to the indirect gap at q"k F , and to the direct gap at q"0. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-dimers-in-the-quantum-ferrimagnet-cu-2-fe-2-ge-4-o-13-4b7kbdg3ok 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-temperature-dependence-of-the-peak-3epqzjqi.png FIG. 4. Color online a Temperature dependence of the peak profile at q= 2 3 0 . Experimental resolution is indicated by the gray area. Small peaks due to Fe-centered excitation at 31 meV are separately fitted and subtracted. Profiles at T 54 K are reproduced by dimers in a randomly oriented field model solid curves . The temperature dependence of peak positions b , widths c , and integrated intensities d , as estimated from Gaussian fits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-inelastic-neutron-scattering-using-experimental-setups-1wxit2xr.png FIG. 2. Inelastic neutron scattering using experimental setups Ia and Ib. a Typical energy scans at h k 0 . Dispersionless excitations are observed at =24 and 31 meV. Two peaks are separately fit by Gaussians dotted curves . b h scans at =24 meV at various temperatures. Sinusoidal intensity modulations are fitted to the dimer structure factor calculated for zero field plus a constant background solid curves . c Temperature dependence of the peak intensity at q= h 2.5 0 and =24 meV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagrams-of-triplet-excitations-in-s-1-2-2nzp3lnt.png FIG. 1. Schematic diagrams of triplet excitations in S=1 /2 dimers in different types of locally applied magnetic field. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-dependent-electrical-hole-extraction-from-low-doped-p-3occfu6fdg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-i-v-curve-of-the-fe3si-p-si-schottky-diode-at-295-11n7am7w.png Figure 5. (a) I–V curve of the Fe3Si/p-Si Schottky diode at 295 K. Temperature dependences of normalized (b) active and (c) reactive resistances at different frequencies. (d) Tln P 3 2w( )/ / versus 1/TP plot allows calculating energy of localized states ELS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematic-energy-band-diagram-depicting-spin-kt89r8lz.png Figure 6. Schematic energy-band diagram depicting spin-polarized holes transport through the Fe3Si/p-Si junction via localized interface states assisted tunneling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evolution-of-experimental-rheed-pattern-along-si-1plavbr5.png Figure 1. Evolution of experimental RHEED pattern along Si[-110] direction of Si(111) surface during the Fe3Si epitaxial film growth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-the-polar-angular-dependences-of-the-resonance-18natoi8.png Figure 3. (a) The polar angular dependences of the resonance field HR (out-of-plane geometry). (b) Amplitude map of azimuthal angular dependence FMR spectra (in-plane geometry). Dashed lines show the crystal orientations [112], [21-1] and [211]. Experimental schemes and sketches are shown for (c) 3-terminal planar microdevice for studying the Hanle effect and (d) Schottky diode for electrical characterization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-upper-row-corresponds-to-experimental-rheed-pattern-2zw07z7g.png Figure 2. Upper row corresponds to experimental RHEED pattern along [11-2], [10-1] and [01-1] directions of the Fe3Si(111) surface after the growth. Lower row—simulated RHEED patterns of Fe3Si surface along the same beam directions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hanle-curves-for-fe3si-p-si-device-at-i12-500-ma-fwjajm0g.png Figure 4. Hanle curves for Fe3Si/p-Si device at I12=+500 μA and temperatures of 300 К, 200 К and 120 К (symbols) and Lorentzian fits (solid lines) https://scispace.com/papers/spin-g-factor-due-to-electronic-interactions-in-graphene-1a32g44k94 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-one-loop-vertex-correction-yoazo036.png FIG. 2. One-loop vertex correction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-spin-g-factor-in-graphene-grown-on-sic-comparison-1m21xcfh.png FIG. 6. Spin g-factor in graphene grown on SiC. Comparison between theory and experiments for the spin g-factor. In the experiments, there is an asymmetry between the valleys, indicated by the red and blue points. They lead to spin g-factors of g∗s,K = 2.23 ± 0.01 and g∗ s,K ′ = 2.36 ± 0.01, respectively [22]. The black-solid line, which provides a good agreement with the experimental data, is obtained by using Eq. (21) and the fitting parameter α∗0 = 0.51, since the precise value of the dielectric constant is unknown. The reference value for the magnetic field in the RG equations for the renormalized Fermi velocity used here is B0 = 14 T. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dependence-of-the-gs-factor-on-the-dielectric-constant-1ufel8bo.png FIG. 4. Dependence of the gs-factor on the dielectric constant εG. The black and green solid curves correspond to different values of the dielectric constant, chosen ad hoc to be εG = 3 and 5, respectively. The light-blue solid curve denotes the bare gs = 2 factor [21]. All the theoretical curves are given by Eq. (21), together with the renormalized value of vF (n) given by Eq. (24), and the reference value v0F = 1 × 106 m/s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dependence-of-the-gs-factor-on-the-reference-value-v0f-2rfew28j.png FIG. 5. Dependence of the gs-factor on the reference value v0F . (a) The red curve is the same as in Fig. 3, for v0F = 1 × 106 m/s, and the yellow and blue curves are given by Eq. (26) with v0F = 1.25 × 106 m/s and v0F = 1.75 × 106 m/s, respectively. We use εG = 2.44 for the three curves. (b) The purple curve is obtained from Eq. (21) for a non-renormalized v0F = 1 × 106 m/s and εG = 2.44, which results in the spin g-factor g∗s ≈ 2.45. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-gs-factor-enhanced-due-to-electron-electron-2q14ns2m.png FIG. 3. gs-factor enhanced due to electron-electron interactions. At high densities, the theoretical red curve is given by Eq. (21), together with the renormalized value of vF (n) given by Eq. (24), and the reference value v0F = 1 × 106 m/s. Here, α = 0.9 (i.e., εG = 2.44), which is the bare fine-structure constant for graphene on SiO2 [34]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tree-level-diagram-uzll3z41.png FIG. 1. Tree-level diagram. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-liquid-phase-and-order-by-disorder-of-classical-1w8ahw71f5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-local-soft-mode-in-coplanar-ground-state-1x1d3z50.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Local soft mode in coplanar ground-state configurations for J2/J1 = 3/2: blue spins are idle, while the red spins tilt out of the plane by ± in an alternating fashion, leading to an energy cost ω ∝ 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-structure-factors-in-the-qx-qy-qz-0-plane-6e89j7st.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Structure factors in the (qx,qy,qz = 0) plane for J2/J1 = 1.3 above (T/J1 = 10−2, left) and below (T/J1 = 10−4, right) the transition to the nematic state. Additional satellite peaks at the reciprocal lattice vectors k1 = 2π (1,−1/ √ 3,0)T ,k2 = https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-the-lattice-formed-by-the-magnetic-ions-t7wx8ju9.png FIG. 1. (Color online) (a) The lattice formed by the magnetic ions in swedenborgite compounds. The filled triangles denote the kagome planes, red triangles fully belong to a single bipyramid, whereas blue triangles are shared between three different bipyramids. J1 and J2 are the antiferromagnetic exchange interactions (see text). (b) Three bipyramids and a connecting intermediate triangle as elementary building blocks of the lattice. The intermediate blue triangle requires a 120◦ configuration of the three spins around it. The spin configuration shown is the ground-state configuration for J2/J1 3/2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-ground-state-configurations-of-the-kagome-17iu6uhy.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Ground-state configurations of the kagome (red) and apical (blue) spins inside a bipyramid cluster for J2/J1 = 1.5 and 1.25. The kagome spins have been rescaled by a factor J2/J1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-phase-diagram-for-j2-j1-3-2-there-is-a-3kz5ws9q.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Phase diagram: for J2/J1 3/2, there is a unique ground state and the transition is a second-order. For J2/J1 < 3/2, the dashed line continues the second-order transition but is a crossover line which is set by the scale J 22 /J1, separating a standard paramagnet from a 3d classical spin liquid. At low T , there is a first-order transition to a nematically ordered phase. The dots emerge from an analysis of the peak in the specific heat, while the triangles are determined from the drop of the diffusivity of the replicas, see text for more explanations. This phase extends all the way to J2 = 0 but is not shown due to the logarithmic temperature scale. The crossover line to the 2d spin liquid is determined along the lines of Zhitomirsky [23]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-the-specific-heat-cv-for-different-ratios-27yj9eza.png FIG. 6. (Color online) The specific heat cV for different ratios J2/J1 and L = 6(N = 1728) (as well as L = 9(N = 5832) for J2/J1 = {0.5,1.3,1.6}). In the limit T → 0, the curve for J2 = 1.6 goes to 1, while J2 = 1.3 goes to 15/16. Increasing the system size form L = 6 to L = 9, the second peak for J2/J1 = 1.3 (green curve) becomes much more pronounced, compatible with a first-order transition. For J2/J1 = 0.1 and 0.5, the specific heat seemingly goes to 1 but the first-order transition is just pushed to very low temperatures. The arrows on the cV axis mark the values 15/16 and 11/16, the former being expected from our spin-wave analysis and the latter originating from rescaling the literature value known for the kagome lattice [1], 11/12, by a factor 6/8 to account for the disordered triangular spins. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-liquid-in-a-single-crystal-of-the-frustrated-diamond-2qiyo9i52s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-left-field-dependence-of-the-spectrum-at-smfo7cb7.png FIG. 11. (Color online) Left: field dependence of the spectrum at the zone center (200) for CoAl2O4. Right panels: constant energy scans at 1.25 and 1.75 meV, showing how the magnetic field adds spectral weight at the zone center. All data shown were taken at 1.8 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-left-change-of-the-integrated-215udnu5.png FIG. 10. (Color online) Left: change of the integrated intensities of four selected peaks with applied magnetic field at 1.8 K for CoAl2O4. Right: evolution of the peak line shape and the order N of the Pearson VII function used to fit the (200) magnetic reflection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-cubic-diamond-lattice-which-can-be-3as0czqg.png FIG. 1. (Color online) The cubic diamond lattice, which can be viewed as two fcc sublattices shifted by (1/4 1/4 1/4) along 〈111〉, with the two exchange interactions J1 and J2 indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-magnetic-200-and-mixed-nuclearmagnetic-2x9higw9.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Magnetic (200) and mixed nuclearmagnetic (111) peaks at several representative temperatures. The (111) peak with only nuclear contribution at 15 K is a reasonable estimate of the instrumental momentum resolution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-elastic-neutron-scattering-map-obtained-6irulk8p.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Elastic neutron-scattering map obtained by division of the 1.5 K data by the 150 K data, as described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-left-cuts-though-the-diffuse-streak-at-1c4py8j7.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Left: cuts though the diffuse streak at several representative temperatures. Right: temperature dependence of the corresponding peak amplitude. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-reciprocal-space-line-shapes-of-the-200-3lm3li1t.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Reciprocal space line shapes of the (200) peak in the [100] and [011] directions at 1.5 K (left). Temperature evolution of the integrated intensity (middle) and the correlation length (right) in units of the lattice spacing a (a = 8.09288 Å) resulting from fits of the (200) peak to the Pearson VII function with N = 3/2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-elastic-neutron-scattering-maps-njypv4iy.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Elastic neutron-scattering maps calculated with J2/J1 = 0.1, D/J1 = 0.01 at temperatures 0.1 (left) and 2 K (right). Note the logarithmic scale for the intensity. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-hall-magnetoresistance-in-a-canted-ferrimagnet-4gitd1xmtd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spin-hall-magnetoresistance-smr-response-of-a-magnetic-orzqc8tq.png FIG. 1. Spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) response of a magnetic insulator/metal bilayer. (a) When the spin current Js in the metal is absorbed by the magnet, the resistivity ρ of the metal is large. (b) When Js is reflected at the interface, ρ is small owing to the inverse spin Hall effect. (c) and (d) In a collinear magnet, the spin transfer across the interface and thus ρ is largest for μ ⊥ s (c), while spin transfer and ρ are minimal for μ||s (d). (e) and (f) In a noncollinear magnet in which, e.g., the orientation of the μFeA moments dominate the spin transfer across the interface, large viz. small ρ arises for the corresponding orientations of μFeA with respect to s. An externally applied magnetic field H (larger than the weak anisotropy but smaller than the interspin exchange fields) determines the orientation of μnet. Comparing (c)–(f), the H orientations for maximum viz. minimum ρ in the canted viz. collinear magnet are interchanged—the SMR inverts sign. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-magnetic-phase-diagram-of-gdig-calculated-by-atomistic-2mzoi5tn.png FIG. 2. Magnetic phase diagram of GdIG calculated by atomistic spin simulations (see text). The main panel depicts the orientation of the FeA sublattice moment orientation ξFeA encoded in color, the inset shows ξGd of the Gd sublattice moments. Due to the strong antiferromagnetic exchange coupling, the FeD sublattice moments are always antiparallel to the FeA ones. The black lines indicate the temperature dependence of the upper (μ0Hc2) and lower (μ0Hc1) critical fields which delimit the antiparallel, parallel, and spin canting phase [23,24]. The orientation of the sublattice moments in each phase are represented by arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measured-evolution-of-the-magnetoresistance-in-yig-pt-2mbc635y.png FIG. 4. Measured evolution of the magnetoresistance in YIG/Pt (a)–(c) and InYGdIG/Pt (d)–(f). The data were recorded at T = 10, 85, and 300 K as a function of the angle αH between the current direction Jc and the orientation of the external, in-plane magnetic field μ0H = 7 T. The SMR in InYGdIG/Pt inverts sign around the magnetization compensation temperature Tcomp ≈ 85 K (e), but the extrema stay at the same αH for all temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-smr-amplitude-eq-3-as-a-function-of-temperature-and-3g2xbmuv.png FIG. 5. SMR amplitude Eq. (3) as a function of temperature and magnetic field, as measured for InYGdIG (main figure), and calculated for GdIG (inset) only taking the iron moments into account. In the blue regions the SMR is positive, i.e., has the same sign and αH dependence as for a single-sublattice ferromagnet [cf. Fig. 1(a)]. The red regions indicate negative SMR [as in Fig. 4(e)]. No data has been taken in the regions shaded in gray. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-normalized-xanes-recorded-at-the-fe-k-edge-in-the-3vc4nqye.png FIG. 3. (a) Normalized XANES recorded at the Fe K edge in the InYGdIG/Pt sample at 50 K and 17 T. The pre-edge marked by a black arrow arises mainly from the tetrahedrally ordered FeD moments. The blue curve represents the corresponding XMCD signal, which is dominated by the signal at the pre-edge. (b) XMCD amplitude, i.e., the projection of the FeD moments onto the external field axis, measured as a function of field strength at various temperatures around Tcomp. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-liquid-states-in-the-vicinity-of-a-metal-insulator-cwty5kpv7v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-schematic-zero-temperature-phase-diagram-for-mott-jgwsuftx.png FIG. 2. (a) Schematic zero temperature phase diagram for Mott transition. U is the Hubbard interaction strength and t is the hopping integral. The electron quasiparticle weight and quasiparticle charge current ∼1 + F s1 /d vanishes at the critical point while the effective mass remains finite. (b) Schematic phase diagram showing finite temperature crossovers and possible instability toward gapped phases at lower temperature. There exists a (finite temperature) critical region around Uc where our phenomenological theory is not applicable. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-two-quasiparticle-scatterings-in-a-fermi-3ikvexhr.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Two quasiparticle scatterings in a Fermi liquid. Two in-going quasiparticles with momenta p1 and p2 interact with each other, resulting in two out-going quasiparticles with momenta p3 and p4. The momentum conservation requires that p1 + p2 = p3 + p4. The momentum transfer is c = p1 − p3 = p4 − p2. By introducing p = 12 (p1 + p3) and p′ = 12 (p2 + p4), the four momenta p1, p2, p3 and p4 can be written in terms of p, p′ and +. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-orbit-induced-longitudinal-spin-polarized-currents-in-1g5g1l49ky 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-top-longitudinal-conductivity-sii-for-au1-26c52h2m.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Top: Longitudinal conductivity σii for (Au1−xPtx)4Sc as a function of the concentration x calculated without (NV) and with (VC) the vertex corrections. Middle: Transverse spin conductivities σ xij . Bottom: Transverse and longitudinal spin conductivity σ zxy and σ z xx, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-electrical-s-and-spin-s-k-conductivity-tensor-forms-28ejhiuw.png TABLE I. Electrical (σ ) and spin (σ k) conductivity tensor forms for the magnetic Laue groups discussed in the text [18,19]. Below each group symbol an example for a material is given in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-top-energy-dependent-component-a-resolved-28mukfnk.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Top: Energy-dependent component-(α)resolved DOS nα(E) for (Au0.5Pt0.5)4Sc. Bottom: Componentresolved DOS nα(EF) at the Fermi energy EF for (Au1−xPtx)4Sc as a function of the concentration x. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-orbit-interaction-in-symmetric-wells-with-two-subbands-1yqr663i0x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-zitterbewegung-due-to-the-so-coupling-for-mc4327h5.png FIG. 3 (color online). Zitterbewegung due to the SO coupling for distinct ratios =2"SO. Note the peculiar trajectories with the forward injected electrons moving backward (I) and even in a closed path (II). This follows from the SO induced change in the curvature of the bands which renormalizes the effective masses. Here we use SOk0y =10, 1SO m =@. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-calculated-so-coupling-strengths-as-a-nzw2rsy4.png FIG. 2 (color online). Calculated SO coupling strengths as a function of the external gate Vb for realistic wells. (a) For the single GaInAs [16,20] well studied, the intersubband coupling is larger than the Dresselhaus i and the Rashba i constants (i e; o). Note that j ej j oj and both change sign across Vb 0 (in contrast to i and ). (b) For the InSb double well considered, shows a ‘‘resonant behavior’’ about Vb 0 [symmetric configuration, lower-left inset in (b)]. This occurs because the subband splitting "o "e reaches a minimum at Vb 0 and the double-well wave functions are very similar (though of distinct parities) for Vb 0. This also makes e o around Vb 0. Upper-right inset in (b): Energy dispersions " ~k [Eq. (10)] of the symmetric double well. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-square-well-with-its-ground-state-e-z-and-2pj8zchl.png FIG. 1 (color online). Square well with its ground-state ’e z and first excited-state ’o z wave functions. The new intersubband-induced SO coupling in Eq. (4) is nonzero even in symmetric wells due to the distinct parities of ’e z (even) and ’o z (odd), which yield a nonvanishing matrix element for the derivative of the symmetric potential. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-orbit-optomechanics-of-optically-levitated-chiral-bragg-p6feomza7l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-definitions-and-notations-for-simulation-of-radiation-2w0jh0hh.png FIG. 6. Definitions and notations for simulation of radiation forces acting on a Bragg-reflecting sphere within a divergent optical vortex beam. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sketch-of-the-experimental-setup-a-optical-set-up-not-8qug5xba.png FIG. 7. Sketch of the experimental setup. (a) Optical set-up, not to scale. QWP: quarter-wave plates; NPBS and PBS: nonpolarizing and polarizing beam splitter cubes; Obj1-3: microscope objectives; Cam1-3: CMOS cameras; WL: white light. Measured transverse intensity distributions of the generated vortex beam. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-director-field-lines-on-the-sphere-or-radius-r-1fvde5u2.png FIG. 1. Director field lines on the sphere or radius r following the parametrization given in the text for 2πr/p + 0 = 0 for a few possible cholesteric droplets with tangential surface molecular boundary conditions. North and south poles indicate +z and −z directions and are associated with defect strength snorth = S and ssouth = 2 − S. (a) S = 2. (b) S = 3/2. (c) S = 1. Adapted from Ref. [30]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-sketch-of-the-optical-vortex-levitation-arrangement-f0h42h2j.png FIG. 3. (a) Sketch of the optical vortex levitation arrangement. Cholesteric droplets are prepared in pure water within a sealed square (1 mm2) glass capillary oriented along the x axis. The beam waist radius of the incident vortex laser beam with topological charge = ±1 (assuming a Laguerre-Gauss profile) is w0 1.5 μm, the divergence angle is θ0 6.3◦, and wavelength is λ = 532 nm. Side and top view images of a steadily levitated droplet in water are shown in panels (b) and (c). (d) Normalized droplet elevation vs reduced incident beam power P/P0 for a droplet with R ≈ 20 μm. Curves refer to calculations (see text for details). Inset: calculated minimum power P0 required to lift a droplet of radius R. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-optical-characterization-of-as-2-chiral-nematic-1nbdocm9.png FIG. 2. Optical characterization of aS = 2 chiral nematic droplet made of MDA-02-3211 dispersed in glycerol. (a) Natural light imaging between crossed linear polarizers whose orientation is given by the white cross. (b),(c) Full transmission image of the droplet under circularly polarized incoherent illumination at λ = 532 nm with χ = 1 [no circular Bragg reflection, panel (b)] and χ = −1 [circular Bragg reflection, panel (c)]. The central dark disk of radius RB in panel (c) outlines the area exhibiting circular Bragg reflection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-a-c-and-calculated-b-d-intensity-profiles-30rtodju.png FIG. 4. Experimental (a),(c) and calculated (b),(d) intensity profiles of the virtual focal plane of the Bragg reflecting droplet for = +1 (a),(b) and = −1 (c),(d). Calculated patterns refer to the formula given in the text with (α,β,γ ) = (1,0.1,− 0.03). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-analysis-of-the-intensity-patterns-dynamics-for-1-a-3to6l64s.png FIG. 5. Analysis of the intensity patterns dynamics for = ±1. (a) Examples of normalized power Fourier spectra of the autocorrelation dynamics for R = 18.3 μm levitated at P = 11.4 mW. (b) Measured (markers) and simulated (curve) autocorrelation frequency F± = Nf±. The simulated curve refers to the best fit that corresponds to Nh̄ total angular momentum transfer per photon, N = 1.90 ± 0.07. The gray area indicates the standard deviation range of the experimental data. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-peierls-distortions-in-tipo-4-2cs91oswlf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-single-tio2-chain-from-the-crystal-tdqfbqiy.png FIG. 4. (Color online) (a) Single TiO2 chain from the crystal structure of TiPO4. Arrows indicate the atomic displacements corresponding to thePbnm structure model for the spin-Peierls phase at 10 K. (b)–(d) Projection of the crystal structures at 10 K along [010]. (b) 2a × b × c supercells with Pmnm symmetry, (c) with P21nm symmetry, and (d) with Pbnm symmetry. (e) Incommensurate phase at 82 K represented by 4a × b × c basic-structure unit cells. Only Ti atoms are shown. Basic-structure coordinates are x = 0 or 1/2 and z = 0 or 1/2. For clarity all atomic displacements have been multiplied by 30. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-room-temperature-crystal-structure-of-3pe7t77w.png FIG. 1. (Color online) (a) Room-temperature crystal structure of TiPO4 with Cmcm space group. (b) Chain of edge-sharing TiO6 octahedra along c. (c) Fragment of the crystal structure showing interchain connections through PO4 tetrahedral groups. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-relative-length-change-with-respect-to-1kbp30pw.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Relative length change (with respect to 295 K) of a single crystal of TiPO4 along the three crystallographic directions as indicated. The upper inset displays the thermal expansion coefficients using the same color code. The lower inset magnifies the thermal hysteresis around the transition to the commensurate low-temperature phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-temperature-dependence-of-the-2wj9do8y.png FIG. 2. (Color online) (a) Temperature dependence of the normalized intensities of the (2 4 3 −1) satellite Bragg reflection. The solid curve represents the fit with a critical power law with a critical temperature of Tc2 = 111.6(3) K and a critical exponent of 0.32(2), consistent with standard universality classes. (b) Temperature dependence of the σ1 component of q = (σ1, 0, 0). Errors are smaller than the symbol sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-selected-t-plots-for-the-ic-phase-at-82-k-8lkywsqt.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Selected t-plots for the IC phase at 82 K. Atom labels refer to the Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-relative-energies-of-the-three-possible-low-2aytpcfg.png TABLE I. Relative energies of the three possible low-temperature structures (T < 75 K) obtained from DFT+U calculations. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-polarization-and-color-superconductivity-in-the-nambu-2mrtb05boa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-figures-show-the-contour-maps-of-the-thermodynamic-32a5t6ni.png FIG. 2. The figures show the contour maps of the thermodynamic potential for model GT2 with several values of the chemical potential, μ, and temperature, T. The horizontal and vertical axes represent the order parameters for the spin polarization and the color superconductivity, respectively. The darker color represents lower values of the thermodynamic potential. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-phase-diagram-for-model-gt2-withgt-1-4-2gs-the-2yvjbnmi.png FIG. 4. The phase diagram for model GT2 withGT ¼ 2GS: The horizontal and vertical axes represent chemical potential and temperature, respectively. In the figure, χC, CSC and SP mean the chiral condensed phase, the color superconducting phase and the spin polarized phase, respectively. Also, COEX means the coexisting phase with both the spin polarization and the color superconducting gap. “2nd order” and “1st order”mean the order of the phase transition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-phase-diagram-for-model-gt0-with-gt-1-4-0-the-3ehgbugs.png FIG. 3. The phase diagram for model GT0 with GT ¼ 0: The horizontal and vertical axes represent chemical potential and temperature, respectively. In the figure, χC and CSC mean the chiral condensed phase and the color superconducting phase, respectively. “2nd order” and “1st order” mean the order of the phase transition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-phase-diagram-for-model-gt2-6-with-gt-1-4-2-6gs-15cb0812.png FIG. 5. The phase diagram for model GT2.6 with GT ¼ 2.6GS: The horizontal and vertical axes represent chemical potential and temperature, respectively. In the figure, χC and SP mean the chiral condensed phase and spin polarized phase, respectively. Also, COEX means the coexisting phase with the spin polarization and color superconducting gap. “2nd order” and “1st order” mean the order of the phase transition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-figures-show-the-contour-maps-of-the-thermodynamic-33ly2eyv.png FIG. 1. The figures show the contour maps of the thermodynamic potential for model GT0 with several values of the chemical potential, μ, and temperature, T. The horizontal and vertical axes represent the order parameters M and Δ for the chiral condensate and the color superconducting gap, respectively. The darker color represents lower values of the thermodynamic potential. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-phonon-coupling-in-nickel-oxide-determined-from-24wgws8n3d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-the-af-primitive-cell-consisting-of-2-ni-atoms-gray-su7bfc0r.png FIG. 4. (a) The AF primitive cell consisting of 2 Ni atoms (gray spheres) and 2 O atoms (red spheres), and corresponding Brillouin zone used for the calculations of Figs. 3(a) and 3(b). The green arrows indicate the BZ path direction. (b) The unit cell resulting from doubling the AF primitive cell and corresponding Brillouin zone. (c) The phonon dispersion resulting from the AF unit cell in (b). The zone-folding of the TO0 mode is apparent at C. Note a good agreement between the theory and experiment when the spin-phonon coupling is included. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-phonon-dispersion-of-nio-with-af-spin-texture-the-1z3oygsc.png FIG. 3. (a) Phonon dispersion of NiO with AF spin texture. The spheres show the position of the measured UV Raman peaks. The TO0 mode is a zone-folded manifestation of TO-like mode at k¼ (0.5, 0, 0.5). (b) Phonon dispersion of NiO without spin texture. The blue and red arrows show the frequency shift, D, of the LO and TO phonon branches when AF spin ordering is included. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-temperature-dependence-of-the-frequencies-of-the-28xh757z.png FIG. 2. Temperature dependence of the frequencies of the second-order (a) 2TO and (b) 2LO Raman-active phonons in NiO. The spheres indicate all measured Raman peaks at different temperatures whereas the lines show the theoretical anharmonic trend for NiO fitted for the experimental data points above TN. The difference of Raman peaks and anharmonic lines at low temperature is directly proportional to the spin-phonon coupling constant. Note that the spin-phonon coupling produces an opposite effect on the TO and LO phonon energies in NiO. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-room-temperature-backscattering-spectra-are-shown-19arvciw.png FIG. 1. The room-temperature backscattering spectra are shown for (a) 488 nm and (b) 325 nm laser excitation. The labeled spheres indicate the position of the first-order and second-order Raman peaks. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-resonance-crossing-in-the-relativistic-heavy-ion-ubh1nhhao0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-vertical-component-of-the-spin-vector-versus-energy-2thi8do4.png Figure 3: Vertical component of the spin vector versus energy in units of γG for particles on equally spaced phase space ellipse of normalized vertical emittances between 20 and 40π mm mrad. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-components-of-the-invariant-spin-field-versus-3myblq2s.png Figure 1: Components of the invariant spin field versus energy in units of γG. The first plot shows the invariant spin field for a particle on a phase space ellipse with a normalized vertical emittance of 5π mm mrad. The upper curve is the vertical component of the invariant spin field, the two lower curves are the horizontal and longitudinal components. The lines in the second plot illustrate the invariant spin field for two selected vertical phase space points with maximum orbit and zero angular displacement (solid line) and vice versa (dashed line). https://scispace.com/papers/spin-reversal-of-a-quantum-hall-ferromagnet-at-a-landau-3zcwcarhe9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-circularly-polarized-magnetoreflection-measurements-in-3g9hkh7s.png FIG. 2. Circularly polarized magnetoreflection measurements in the cavity region with σ− (a)–(c) and σþ (d)–(f) white light optical excitations. (g)–(i) Magnetoreflection difference between σ− and σþ optical excitations [Rσþ − Rσ− ¼ ð1 − Rσ−Þ− ð1 − RσþÞ]. The columns correspond to three 2DHG densities as indicated on top of the figures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sample-structure-the-cavity-region-is-at-the-center-ekqa79z0.png FIG. 1. (a) Sample structure. The cavity region is at the center of the sample, while the etched region is at the border. (b) White light reflection in the etched region as a function of the gate voltage. (c) Calculated electron and heavy-hole Landau level fan diagram for a sample with a 2DHG density of 4 × 1010 cm−2. (d) Extraction of spin polarization P for a 2DHG density of p ¼ 4.9 × 1010 cm−2. The top panel shows the difference between σ− and σþ white light reflection spectra in the cavity region as a function of the filling factor. The black dots mark the center energy of the Lorentzian fits. The bottom panel shows the extracted jPj using Eq. (1) as a function of filling factor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-skyrmion-parameters-s-and-a-describing-the-2fkrm55a.png FIG. 4. (a) Skyrmion parameters S and A describing the depolarization around ν ¼ 1 by Eq. (2) as a function of the 2DHG density. (b),(c),(d) Absolute polarization as a function of the filling factor for different 2DHG densities: p ¼ 3.69, 3.96, and 4.32 × 1010 cm−2. The red and blue lines are the fits with the skyrmion model [Eq. (2)] to determine S and A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-color-map-of-the-spin-polarization-p-measured-by-1bikddd9.png FIG. 3. (a) Color map of the spin polarization P measured by magnetoreflection spectroscopy and extracted according to Eq. (1) as a function of filling factor (x axis) and 2DHG density (y axis). (b),(c),(d) Line cuts of the absolute polarization of (a) at different filling factors: ν ¼ 0.92, 1.00, and 1.08, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-sensitive-shape-asymmetry-of-adatoms-on-noncollinear-58tfvtjdel 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-topographic-spin-polarized-height-contrast-and-its-3atleyyh.png FIG. 3. (a) Topographic spin-polarized height contrast and its corresponding cos θ + η cos2 θ fit with η = 0 (thin dashed line) and η = 0.37 (thick red line). (b) Experimental shape asymmetry of the atoms with a fit to Eq. (4), yielding φ = −123 ± 3◦ (red). Error bars are derived from the uncertainty in the atom’s center position of ±0.2 Å. The inset illustrates the spin density across the atom introduced by the linear dependence of θ (x) (see text), and the corresponding asymmetric height profile from which ShA is retrieved. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-set-of-co-atoms-separated-by-one-lattice-parameter-1nknuive.png FIG. 2. (a) Set of Co atoms separated by one lattice parameter (10 mV, 2 nA, 2.5 T), showing the gradual increase of the shape asymmetry. This image demonstrates an overall spin direction sensitivity better than α 14◦. (b) Atom profiles for several tip-atom magnetization angles showing the gradual development of shape asymmetry, defined as the imbalance between the light and dark gray areas enclosed by the atom profile, Eq. (3). (c)–(d) Comparison of constant-current (c) and constant-height (d) modes (0 T, 1.1 K, the set point for scanning or feedback opening is 10 mV and 2 nA). Note that the color scale is adapted in each image to highlight that the atoms have the same shape in spite of having enhanced magnetic contrast in constant-height mode. (e) Profiles extracted from (c) and (d) illustrating that the spin-dependent shape in closed feedback (i.e., constant-current mode, black line) is identical to constant-height LDOS slices (pale blue line). Atomic profiles are vertically offset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sp-stm-images-8-mv-1-na-of-co-atoms-on-the-ss-showing-107kb80k.png FIG. 1. SP-STM images (8 mV, 1 nA) of Co atoms on the SS, showing the reversal of the magnetic contrast as the tip magnetization is switched by an external magnetic field of (a) +2 and (b) −2 tesla. Note that the overall surface magnetization is zero, and therefore the external magnetic field does not affect the sample magnetic state, but only controls the tip magnetization, as indicated in the insets. Red (bright Mn row) and green (dark Mn row) dashed lines highlight the half unit cell shift of the magnetic periodicity upon tip magnetization reversal. (c) Sketch of the spin spiral structure, where the red and green color levels of the arrows represent the spin-up and spin-down components, respectively. (d) Experimental spin-resolved profile along the [110] direction of the spin spiral together with a fit to Eq. (2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-spin-resolved-constant-current-map-and-b-di-dv-l1uli4pq.png FIG. 4. (a) Spin-resolved constant-current map and (b) dI/dV conductance map of Co atoms positioned every 3w along the spin spiral, leading to θCo −42◦ (2 nA, sample bias −100 mV, lock-in modulation 5 mV and +2.5 T). (c) Constant-current and dI/dV map over two atoms with opposite spin (that is, separated by w/2 in the horizontal axis) scanned with a nonmagnetic W tip (left panel) and two atoms with almost opposite spin scanned with a Fe-coated W tip (right panel). This set of images shows that at −100 meV the vacuum LDOS of Co atoms exhibits a strong dxz orbital contribution and is dominated by the minority spin channel. Since dI/dV mapping is energy selective, at −100 meV, the distinct nonspherical orbital symmetry contrasts with the round-shaped atom topography responding to the total tunneling current. (d) Enhanced spin-shape asymmetry in atoms’ profiles along [110] from dI/dV conductance maps at −100 mV. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-transition-in-the-half-filled-landau-level-55rg0z2trp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temperature-dependence-of-t-11-at-1-2-the-solid-lines-2u6kt8t3.png FIG. 3. Temperature dependence of T 11 at 1=2. The solid lines are straight line and parabolic fits to the data, with the dashed portions being extrapolations to T 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-derivative-s-d-xx-dez-xx-vs-magnetic-field-at-1-2-at-1mbgkedx.png FIG. 2. (a) Derivative S d xx=dEZ = xx vs magnetic field at 1=2 at T 45 mK (solid dots) and 100 mK (open dots). (b) Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time T1 vs field at 1=2 at the same temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-resistivity-at-1-2-vs-magnetic-field-at-t-45-mk-b-8umj1qo4.png FIG. 1. (a) Resistivity at 1=2 vs magnetic field at T 45 mK. (b) Typical response of resistivity at 1=2 when rf frequency is brought on and off resonance with the 75As NMR line. (c) Typical RDNMR line shape. (d) Temperature dependence of RDNMR signal at peak of line at 1=2 and B 4:01 T. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-vcsels-with-local-optical-anisotropies-toward-terahertz-3tjnp397xe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-frequency-splitting-calculated-as-a-function-of-3cux440j.png FIG. 6. The frequency splitting calculated as a function of the birefringence parameter δεr (a), of the dichroism parameter δεi, due to non-zero Henry’s factor α (b), and of the both anisotropy parameters (c). The results obtained using our matrix formalism are used as a reference to evaluate the precision of the method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-the-calculation-of-ratio-n-110-n-110-as-a-function-12we84nx.png FIG. 7. (a) The calculation of ratio N[110]/N[11̄0] as a function of the linear dichroism parameter δεi. (b) The calculation of ratio N[110]/N[11̄0] as a function of the linear gain anisotropy D = δεa,i/(2 χ̄). (c) The ratio of threshold pumping rates N0↑/N0↓ in the structure with circular gain dichroism, due to electron spin imbalance, but without additional linear anisotropies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-scheme-of-a-simple-single-qw-structure-used-for-13cqlqed.png FIG. 5. Scheme of a simple single-QW structure, used for numerical validation, with the electric field distribution calculated using the modified matrix formalism. The detail shows the position of active layer and two possible positions [red (ζ = 0.1), blue (ζ = 0.15)] of anisotropic passive layer within the λ-cavity field. The local reference frame is described by ζ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-calculated-frequency-splitting-between-orthogonally-1zlcsv8t.png FIG. 10. (a) Calculated frequency splitting between orthogonally polarized laser modes as a function of grating thickness and fill factor of AlGaAs inside the grating. (b) Simulated polarization modulation of spin-VCSEL with grating for two different positions of grating within the cavity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-calculation-of-cavity-decay-rate-contribution-coming-2xdayjed.png FIG. 11. Calculation of cavity decay rate contribution coming from internal absorptions κabs as a function of imaginary part of permittivity εm,i. Robust method based on matrix formalism is compared to results obtained using simple analytic expression. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-scheme-of-l-1300-nm-vcsel-with-4-ingaas-qws-and-95pdwcck.png FIG. 9. A scheme of λ = 1300 nm VCSEL with 4 InGaAs QWs and intra-cavity AlGaAs/air grating. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-components-of-reduced-stokes-vector-s-s1-s2-s3-t-of-3p0jck6v.png FIG. 8. Components of reduced Stokes vector S = [S1,S2,S3]T of single laser eigenmode calculated using rigorous matrix formalism (left column) and using the extended spin-flip model based on the coupled-mode theory (right column). https://scispace.com/papers/spin-wave-spintronics-4k8owdi924 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-a-mach-zehnder-spin-wave-interferometer-in-the-2wtcqj37.png Figure 4.1: A Mach-Zehnder spin-wave interferometer in the presence of radial E field. A weak magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the ring plane, tilting the equilibrium magnetization away from the ring but still in the tangential plane to the ring. θ0 denotes the orientation of the equilibrium magnetization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-dispersion-of-spin-waves-propagating-in-a-3m5tb3gx.png Figure 3.4: Dispersion of spin waves propagating in a tangentially magnetized film of thickness (a) d = 0.2µm, (b) d = 0.02µm. The curves are presented for different strengths of electric field: E = 0 (solid), 107 V/m (dashed) and 108 V/m (dotted). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-dispersion-of-spin-waves-propagating-in-a-2nnyn07o.png Figure 3.3: Dispersion of spin waves propagating in a tangentially magnetized film of thickness d = 0.2µm. The curves are presented in different strengths of electric field as shown in the legend. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-interlayer-three-magnon-interactions-the-figure-1cywfsng.png Figure 5.3: Interlayer three-magnon interactions. The figure shows the outgoing processes of magnons in layer 1. 1 and 2 label the different layers. A and B correspond to the interaction amplitudes W (k) and W (p), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-7-the-matrix-elements-of-c12-as-a-function-of-t-the-mxwg69p4.png Figure 5.7: The matrix elements of C̃12 as a function of T . The dots are the exact numerical results and the solid lines are the analytical results in the high temperature approximation. Blue line: use the full expression Eq, (5.62) to (5.65). Purple line: keep only B̃12µµ as in Eq. (5.70) to (5.72). The parameters has been used to generate the function are 01 = 0.5 K, 02 = 1 K, µ1 = 0 K, µ2 = 0.2 K, d = 6 nm, L = 3 nm, kB = 8.61× 10−5 eV ·K−1, and D = 3.01× 10−17 K ·m2 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-5-relative-direction-of-pi-and-k-z-is-along-ms-3v1syft0.png Figure 5.5: Relative direction of Pi and k. ζ̂ is along −Ms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-schematic-illustration-of-a-tangentially-13qwsd1y.png Figure 3.1: Schematic illustration of a tangentially magnetized film. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-wave-vector-as-a-function-of-electric-field-in-a-2j4ksvxp.png Figure 3.5: Wave vector as a function of electric field in a 0.02− µm thick tangentially magnetized film. The frequency of the wave is shown on each curve and is expressed in units of ωM = 3.11× 1010 rad/s. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-waves-in-the-uniaxial-spin-glass-system-fe1-xmgxcl2-jw3k4hf7xd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-36q0nd4c.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-286drbqh.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/papers/spinal-taenia-solium-cysticercosis-in-mexican-and-indian-2z52odt1hh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-a-comparison-between-the-case-series-from-our-1xt422uz.png Table 4 A comparison between the case series from our neurological centers and those previously reported https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-differences-between-mexican-and-indian-spinal-1es19nvu.png Table 3 Differences between Mexican and Indian spinal cysticercosis patients https://scispace.com/papers/spinful-bosons-in-an-optical-lattice-403glskwxt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-spin-gap-in-the-thermodynamic-limit-for-the-second-1ey4h2vp.png FIG. 9. The spin gap in the thermodynamic limit for the second Mott lobe. In the left panel the values are shown as a function U / t. In the right panel the lines are shifted by a constant U/t along the x axis to show the similarity in the decay of the gap for the different interaction strengths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sketch-of-the-phase-diagram-of-the-bose-hubbard-c3sp1qrq.png FIG. 1. A sketch of the phase diagram of the Bose-Hubbard model 14 . The left panel shows the Mott lobes for the spinless Bose-Hubbard model and the right panel shows the spinful phase diagram J /U=0.1 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-the-energy-gap-between-the-ground-state-3o838r26.png FIG. 11. Color online The energy gap between the ground state and the first spin excited state in the thermodynamic limit, as a function of the spin interaction for odd density systems. The system with U / t=1 is superfluid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-the-difference-in-energy-between-states-s-3ritu7tf.png FIG. 8. Color online The difference in energy between states S=2 and the ground state, S=0, as a function of the inverse system size for J /U=0.05. The values for the second Mott lobe denoted “ ” are scaled by 1/100. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-the-difference-in-energy-between-states-eu5nsgt6.png FIG. 10. Color online The difference in energy between states with S=2 and the ground state, S=0, as a function of the inverse system size for U / t=10 and different spin interaction strengths the solid lines are finite size scalings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-energy-density-as-a-function-of-the-magnetization-3foip60e.png FIG. 12. The energy density as a function of the magnetization M =S /L. The open circles for the second Mott lobe have been scaled by a factor 20 to fit on the figure. The fit for these points is a straight line. All other fits are of the form E0+kS S+1 , J /U=0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-probability-to-have-a-certain-number-of-particles-1w0wifg8.png FIG. 13. The probability to have a certain number of particles and spin on a lattice site is presented for different systems and different density and spin n ,S sectors, circle 0,0 , diamond 1,1 , square 2,0 , up triangle 3,1 , down triangle 4,0 . a N=2L and J / t=10: once U and t are comparable in size a singlet condensate forms. b N=2L and J /U=1: for large U this is an insulating spin-singlet state, seen from the comparatively high probability in the n=4 sector. c N=2L+2 and J /U=10: spin singlet condensate. d N=L and J / t=10: in this spin singlet condensate the lattice is half filled with spin singlets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-spin-spin-correlation-for-n-l-both-insulating-and-tn8j5n2z.png FIG. 4. The spin-spin correlation for N=L, both insulating and superfluid, N=2L both insulating and superfluid and N=3L insulating, J /U=0.05. The clear oscillation in the correlation function for the third Mott lobe arises from the large dimerization. https://scispace.com/papers/spinodal-decomposition-of-fe-cu-nanocrystals-control-of-3gi48uzjue 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-thermal-dependence-of-the-coercive-field-for-samples-a-1cmo4gq5.png FIG. 3. Thermal dependence of the coercive field for samples (a) x =0.3, as-milled and treated at 723 and 923 K, and (b) x =0.7, as-milled and treated at 523 and 923 K. (c) Coercivity of the three alloys, measured at 300 K, as a function of T, . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-magnetic-moment-profile-for-bcc-and-fcc-phases-1271udxa.png FIG. 4. The magnetic moment profile for bcc and fcc phases https://scispace.com/papers/spiral-at-ganil-latest-results-and-plans-for-the-future-3i3oac3v95 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-presently-available-beams-at-spiral-1v7qug78.png Table 1 List of presently available beams at SPIRAL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tis-for-production-of-alkali-at-spiral-in-the-left-2bba735i.png Figure 4. TIS for production of alkali at SPIRAL. In the left side a target is embedded in a surface ionization ion source. The ECRIS represented on the right is the fully permanent magnet NANOGAN-3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ganil-and-spiral-acceleration-system-c01-and-c02-3bu94s91.png Figure 1. GANIL and SPIRAL acceleration system. C01 and C02 are the injector cyclotrons. CSS1 and CSS2 are the separated sector cyclotrons. TIS is the target ion source production system of SPIRAL. CIME is the radioactive beam cyclotron. Radioactive ion beams (RIB) are delivered after selection by the alpha-shaped spectrometer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measured-radioactive-beam-intensities-for-1-alkali-1rypexio.png Table 3 Measured radioactive beam intensities for 1+ alkali isotopes using 48Ca primary beam at 60A MeV with intensity normalized to 0.14 pµA (400W). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spiral-target-ion-source-ensemble-the-ecris-nanogan-2dk3v84m.png Figure 3. SPIRAL target ion source ensemble. The ECRIS NANOGAN-3 as well as the target container are mounted in a support plate, which can be remotely removed from the production cave. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spiral-graphite-targets-the-right-one-is-specially-125xijy6.png Figure 2. SPIRAL graphite targets. The right one is specially designed for production of He isotopes (see text). The pictures correspond to targets for maximum beam power of 1,500W. https://scispace.com/papers/spintronic-materials-based-on-main-group-elements-808ss44dv7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-the-density-of-states-for-cs4o6-for-the-majority-37ku9v0y.png Figure 3. (a) The density of states for Cs4O6 for the majority (left panel) and minority (right panel) spins, with the levels labelled as in figure 1. (b) The density of states for K4O6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-slater-pauling-curves-for-a-selection-of-half-jzfm3mhh.png Figure 7. Slater–Pauling curves for a selection of half-metals from the different classes of [49]. The first class contains half-metals with a covalent band gap. The second class contains half-metals with a band gap caused by charge transfer, and two sub-cases can be distinguished. For IIA, the minority band is empty and for IIB the majority band is full. The third class contains half-metals with a d–d band gap. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-calculated-tc-for-hole-or-electron-doped-1ggbk6l5.png Figure 4. The calculated TC for hole-or electron-doped rubidium sesquioxide. Rubidium sesquioxide is at O2−2 :O−2 = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-electronic-structure-of-several-di-oxygen-1y5vqcmh.png Figure 1. The electronic structure of several di-oxygen species. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-conventional-unit-cell-of-ammonium-sesquioxide-16sdshs7.png Figure 5. The conventional unit cell of ammonium sesquioxide, containing 16 ammonium ions and 12 O2 ions. The oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen atoms are red, green and white, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-density-of-states-of-ammonium-sesquioxde-2wsx1xfe.png Figure 6. The density of states of ammonium sesquioxde. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-calculated-density-of-states-of-rubidium-20tglidr.png Figure 2. The calculated density of states of rubidium sesquioxide near the Fermi level (EF) for the majority (left side) and majority (right side) spins. (a) The ground state with the states labelled as in figure 1. (b) The influence on the π and π∗ bands of a phonon mode with a displacement of 1 rms as observed at 5 K. (c) The same phonon mode with a displacement of 2 rms. For details, see [6]. https://scispace.com/papers/spins-and-magnetic-moments-of-49k-and-51k-establishing-the-1-4sjmqj1xtl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-experimental-magnetic-moments-in-units-of-un-and-g-c146q194.png TABLE II. Experimental magnetic moments (in units of µN ) and g factors, compared to shell-model values using different effective interactions (see text for details). The error in square brackets represents the uncertainty related to the hyperfine anomaly. The 47K value is in good agreement with the literature value 1.933(9)µN [18]. Energies for the predicted states of 51K are shown in keV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-typical-hyperfine-spectra-for-49k-and-51k-d885rdyr.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Typical hyperfine spectra for 49K and 51K. Spectra are shown relative to the centroid of 39K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-experimental-energies-in-odd-k-isotopes-3ab3sh2r.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Experimental energies in odd-K isotopes [20, 22, 39–41] compared with calculated levels (SDPFNR,SDPF-U and SDPF-MU interactions; details in text). 3/2+ levels are solid black lines and 1/2+ dashed red. Ground-state spins for 49K and 51K are from this work. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-fitted-hyperfine-parameters-for-the-studied-isotopes-co14lu36.png TABLE I. Fitted hyperfine parameters for the studied isotopes (assuming different spins for 51K). https://scispace.com/papers/spirit-mars-rover-mission-to-the-columbia-hills-gusev-crater-3ji801yg9p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spirit-mission-timeline-from-sol-500-to-1500-rat-2uzo1f06.png Figure 3. Spirit mission timeline from sol 500 to 1500. RAT brush operations are shown as circles (RAT grind was inoperative during the period shown), wheel-based scuffs to expose rock substrate (Independence) and soils are shown as squares, and soil targets exposed by wheel motions during drives are shown as triangles. Southern hemisphere seasons are shown in color coded form. Dashed lines show periods when Spirit spent its second and third winters. Italicized text indicates winter campaign activities that were not RAT brush, scuff, or disturbed experiments. This figure is meant to complement more detailed listings of activities provided in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-color-image-from-the-kau-desert-hawaii-showing-1993h4da.png Figure 18. Color image from the Kau Desert, Hawaii, showing differentially eroded accretionary lapilli basaltic ash deposits draped over vesicular basalt flow outcrops and boulders. Rock hammer for scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-hazcam-frame-covering-el-dorado-scuff-experiments-28qkkr4v.png Figure 21. Hazcam frame covering El Dorado scuff experiments and looking back toward Husband Hill. Shadow is the location for the MB undisturbed surface measurements. Frame 2F189393623RSLAL00P1121L0MZ acquired on sol 710. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-crism-spectra-retrieved-from-frt00003192-07-for-1b79hgmt.png Figure 19. CRISM spectra retrieved from FRT00003192– 07 for light-toned ripples on Husband Hill and Tennessee Valley and the dark El Dorado ripple field, overlain Pancam spectra retrieved for undisturbed surfaces on the Cliffhanger and El Dorado ripples. Data are shown between 0.4 and 2.5 mm only to emphasize comparisons with Pancam data, although retrievals extended to 4.0 mm. The spectral data are consistent with control by iron-bearing minerals, with strong ferric absorption edges shortward of 0.8 mm, broad absorptions between 0.8 and 1.5 mm due to olivine and pyroxene, and a negative slope longward of 0.8 mm for the El Dorado spectrum due to a thin dust cover that becomes translucent at long wavelengths to reveal the underlying mafic sand signature. The upturn for the longest Pancam wavelength for the Cliffhanger ripple is interpreted to be a consequence of a large dust component for this surface ( 10 cm wide patch) as compared to the CRISM data (3 3 pixel averages at 18 m/pixel) for the two spectra. Gap in CRISM data 0.7 mm is a nonrecoverable portion of the spectrum where two detectors join. Gap just longward of 1 mm is the join between the S and L CRISM detectors [Murchie et al., 2007]. Pancam spectra extracted from scenes quoted in Figure 7 caption. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-hazcam-frame-covering-cliffhanger-ripple-scuff-2hxtyc4x.png Figure 20. Hazcam frame covering Cliffhanger ripple scuff experiments on the summit of Husband Hill. Hang2 is the location for the MB and APXS undisturbed surface measurements. View is looking toward the northwest into the Tennessee Valley and shows the set of light-toned ripples that have migrated toward the summit. Frame 2F180078494RSLAEM9P1214L0MZ acquired on sol 605. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6b-mi-frame-of-gruyere-showing-the-presence-of-16ki0kqm.png Figure 6b. MI frame of Gruyere showing the presence of rounded, embedded clasts. Frame covers 3 cm across. Frame number 2M176609837EFFADAEP2936M2F1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12b-mi-mosaic-of-esperanza-illustrating-the-extent-to-cnvghjkr.png Figure 12b. MI mosaic of Esperanza illustrating the extent to which wind-blown sand and dust has shaped the surface into a set of sharp curvilinear ridges. Note the sand sitting on the bottom of one of the vesicles. Frame covers 6 cm across. Mosaic 2MMA53IOFASORTAFP2936M222F1 with a filtering and contrast enhancement applied to minimize loss of detail from shadows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-crism-based-false-color-infrared-composite-for-the-3um0xyoy.png Figure 1. CRISM-based false color infrared composite for the Columbia Hills ( 4.5 km wide at bottom margin) and surrounding cratered plains in Gusev Crater, with key features labeled. Spirit rover traverse locations from the landing site to the Low Ridge winter campaign site (where Spirit spent its second winter) located to the southeast of Home Plate are overlain as red line. Box denotes location for which a HiRISE image subset is shown in Figure 2. CRISM data with 18 m/pixel spatial from FRT00003192_07 using band 1098 nm for blue, 1518 for green, and 2528 nm for red are used in the composite. CTX image data with 6 m/pixel (frame PSP_001513_1654_XI_14S184W_061122) were used as the intensity in the color image to sharpen fine detail. North is to the top of this image. The striping is an artifact. Mars equirectangular projection. https://scispace.com/papers/spiritual-assessment-in-genetic-counseling-4nvqfdfdao 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-demographic-characteristics-of-sample-population-2g99qdzo.png Table I: Demographic Characteristics of Sample Population https://scispace.com/papers/spitzer-accretion-in-low-mass-stars-and-brown-dwarfs-in-the-518kwjv5dc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-continued-1cf8fp9g.png TABLE 4 Membership and Other Properties of Candidate Members of the k Orionis Cluster (Collinder 69) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-membership-and-other-properties-of-candidate-members-2bbasyrm.png TABLE 4 Membership and Other Properties of Candidate Members of the k Orionis Cluster (Collinder 69) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-seds-for-some-stellar-members-of-the-korionis-cluster-htrx0kcw.png Fig. 6.—SEDs for some stellar members of the kOrionis cluster sorted according to their IRAC slope: simple photosphere spectra. Objects lacking IRAC slope or being in the boundary between two types have been classified after visual inspection. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-additional-near-infrared-photometry-for-the-9fjk7oc7.png TABLE 1 Additional Near-Infrared Photometry for the Candidate Members of the k Orionis Cluster (WHT/ INGRID) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-nir-and-spitzer-cmd-class-ii-sources-classical-t-tauri-18hdve7j.png Fig. 3.—NIR and Spitzer CMD. Class II sources (classical T Tauri stars and substellar analogs) have been included as large open circles, whereas Class III (weak-line T Tauri) objects appear as crosses, and other kOrionis members lacking the complete set of IRAC photometry are displayed with plus signs. The figure includes 1, 5, 10, 20, and 100Myr isochrones fromBaraffe et al. (1998) as solid lines, as well as 5Myr isochrones corresponding toDUSTYandCONDmodels (Chabrier et al. 2000; Baraffe et al. 2002) as dotted and dashed lines, respectively. Note that in the last panel we have the L and M data for the NextGen models, since Spitzer photometry has not been computed for this set of models. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-optical-cmd-with-the-cfht-magnitudes-and-our-new-2k9k6h9u.png Fig. 4.—Optical CMD with the CFHT magnitudes and our new membership classification. Symbols as in previous figures. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spitzer-irac-ccd-for-class-ii-objects-we-have-included-2z2lu9bt.png Fig. 5.—Spitzer IRAC CCD for Class II objects. We have included information regarding the H emission. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-location-of-the-substellar-frontier-using-models-by-3pbyxz59.png TABLE 5 Location of the Substellar Frontier, Using Models by Baraffe et al. (1998) and a Distance of 400 pc https://scispace.com/papers/spitzer-infrared-spectrograph-spectroscopy-of-the-10-myr-old-3861c8vl14 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-top-spectra-of-a-protoplanetary-disk-hd-100546-o5xoy27t.png Figure 5. Top: spectra of a protoplanetary disk (HD 100546), Comet Hale-Bopp, the ejecta from Comet Tempel-1, and several high-luminosity debris disks—HD 113766, HD 172555, and HD 69830 compared to that for EF Cha (Lisse et al. 2008, 2009, 2007b). Wavelengths for PAH emission and other solid-state features are identified by vertical dashed lines. Bottom: spectra redisplayed in emissivity space to better contrast the feature to continuum flux ratios for each object. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-composition-of-the-best-fit-model-to-the-spitzer-irs-9ryf1jmi.png Table 2 Composition of the Best-fit Model to the Spitzer IRS EF Cha Spectrum for Different Nod Positions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-spitzer-irs-emissivity-spectrum-of-ef-cha-with-the-t833nqpc.png Figure 6. Spitzer IRS emissivity spectrum of EF Cha with the best-fit spectral decomposition. The central source’s photospheric contribution has been removed using a Kurucz model with a 7400 K photospheric temperature. Error bars are ±2σ . The amplitude of each colored curve denotes the relative amount of that species present in the best-fit model (Table 1). For species with no statistically detectable emission, the curve is a flat horizontal line. Black points: Spitzer dust excess spectrum, divided by a 600 K blackbody. Orange dashed line: best-fit model spectrum. Colored curves: purples—amorphous silicates of pyroxene or olivine composition. Light blues—crystalline pyroxenes: ferrosilite, diopside, and ortho-enstatite. Dark blues: crystalline olivine forsterites. Red: amorphous carbon. Deep orange: water ice. Light orange: water gas. Yellow lines: phyllosilicates. Olive green: ferromagnesian sulfide (Fe0.9Mg0.1S). The peak at ≈10μm is caused by a combination of amorphous silicates and phyllosilicates; phyllosilicate species are responsible for structure at ∼15μm, which is more readily apparent in the following figure. Spectral structure at 16–25μm is due mostly to forsterite. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-same-as-figure-6-except-with-phyllosilicates-4djv145s.png Figure 8. Same as Figure 6 except with phyllosilicates removed from the model mix of materials and the Spitzer data refitted. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-same-as-figure-7-except-with-phyllosilicates-gbbwwnfj.png Figure 9. Same as Figure 7 except with phyllosilicates removed from the model mix of materials and the Spitzer data refitted. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-panel-spitzer-irs-low-resolution-black-line-and-14am72m1.png Figure 1. Top panel: Spitzer IRS low-resolution (black line) and high-resolution (gray line) spectra of EF Cha. Bottom panel: signal-to-noise of the low-resolution and high-resolution spectra vs. wavelength. The plotted signal to noise is smoothed by five pixels in wavelength. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-extracted-low-resolution-spectra-for-each-of-1tp0kzz2.png Figure 2. Left: extracted low-resolution spectra for each of the two nod positions (black and gray lines). Right: histogram plot of the flux of the first nod position divided by the flux difference between the nod positions. The distributions are separated by wavelength: 6–15μm (black line), 15–30μm (gray line), and 30–38μm (dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-top-olivine-vs-pyroxene-mass-fraction-for-ef-cha-2zvtjhaj.png Figure 10. Top: olivine vs. pyroxene mass fraction for EF Cha compared to that for other debris disks, protoplanetary disks, comets, and asteroids. The distribution of ratios defines a system evolutionary sequence from unprocessed, primitive rock to highly processed, aqueously altered, and pyrolyzed rock. Bottom: atomic abundances relative to solar for EF Cha and other debris disks, protoplanetary disks, and comets. https://scispace.com/papers/spitzer-irs-spectra-of-optically-faint-infrared-sources-with-325fhf761a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observations-and-properties-of-sources-d2000spb.png TABLE 1 Observations and Properties of Sources https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-near-infrared-flux-densities-and-optical-magnitudes-1xj3h1kd.png TABLE 2 Near-Infrared Flux Densities and Optical Magnitudes for Sources https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-values-of-f-24-m-and-ir-opt-1-4-f-24-m-f-i-for-sources-3rh9mu1r.png Fig. 3.—Values of f (24 m) and IR/opt ¼ f (24 m)/ f (I ) for sources in Table 1; measured IR /opt is shown as open circles, and lower limits on IR /opt as open squares. For comparison, 24 mflux densities and IR/opt are also shown for sources in H05, which have redshifts; measured IR /opt is shown as filled circles and lower limits on IR /opt as filled squares. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-spectral-energy-distributions-for-sources-in-table-2-3fi0nerk.png Fig. 6.—Spectral energy distributions for sources in Table 2 that show IRAC fluxes consistent with a photospheric bump that allows a photometric redshift estimate. Filled circles: Observed photometric data points. Solid curve: Template fit that leads to value of photometric redshift shown in panel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-observed-spectra-of-sources-in-table-1-that-have-21uwu2xd.png Fig. 1.—Observed spectra of sources in Table 1 that have possible spectral features discussed in the text (histogram). Spectra are smoothed to approximate resolution of individual IRS orders. Dashed curve: Power law that would connect MIPS f (24 m) with the IRAC f (8 m). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distributions-of-log-1-2-f-8-m-f-3-6-m-and-log-1-2-f-3o5ylicd.png Fig. 4.—Distributions of log ½ f (8 m)/f (3:6 m) and log ½ f (24 m)/ f (8 m) for sources in Table 1 (open circles); shown for comparison are sources with redshifts in H05 (filled circles). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-observed-irs-spectra-of-featureless-sources-in-table-1-26obdhwc.png Fig. 2.—Observed IRS spectra of featureless sources in Table 1 (histogram). Spectra are smoothed to approximate resolution of individual IRS orders. Dashed curve: Power law that would connect MIPS f (24 m) with the IRAC f (8 m). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-left-irs-spectrum-of-source-17-solid-curve-with-power-3pkn2jmi.png Fig. 5.—Left: IRS spectrum of source 17 (solid curve) with power-law fit (dashed curve). Right: IRS spectrum of source 17 (solid curve) with power-law fit plus a silicate absorption feature and redshift 2.0 (dashed curve). https://scispace.com/papers/spitzer-quasar-and-ulirg-evolution-study-quest-iv-comparison-1i5xn5nzki 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-observations-uc38x5wj.png Table 2 Observations https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-fit-results-absorption-measurements-3gccm8nq.png Table 6 Fit Results: Absorption Measurements https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-emission-line-fluxes-qn737x2l.png Table 4 Emission-Line Fluxes https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-continuum-measurements-1qj5gapv.png Table 5 Continuum Measurements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-average-irs-spectra-for-ulirgs-with-effective-3qomyohk.png Figure 11. Average IRS spectra for ULIRGs with effective optical depth of the 9.7 μm absorption feature larger or smaller than 3.68 (the sample median), compared with the QSOs in our sample. The individual spectra in each category were normalized to have the same rest-frame 15 μm flux density. Significant PAH emission is detected in both average ULIRG spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-mir-color-color-diagrams-a-15-to-6-vs-30-to-6-mm-2vc05mf5.png Figure 12. MIR color–color diagrams: (a) 15-to-6 vs. 30-to-6 μm flux ratios, (b) 15-to-6 vs. 30-to-15 μm flux ratios, (c) 25-to-60 vs. 30-to-15 μm flux ratios. The meaning of the ULIRG and QSO symbols is the same as in Figure 4. In addition, the red stars and black triangles are starburst and Seyfert galaxies observed with ISO (Verma et al. 2003; Sturm et al. 2002; Brandl et al. 2006). The tightest correlation is seen in (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-33-a-average-irs-spectrum-of-pah-dominated-ulirgs-3izhn5a1.png Figure 33. (a) Average IRS spectrum of PAH-dominated ULIRGs from Figure 10, minus one object with high obscuration (F00397−1312). The average spectrum is from individual spectra normalized at 15 μm. The zoomed-in insert shows the detection of Huα 12.4 μm. (b) [Ne iii] 15.5 μm/Huα and [Ne ii] 12.8 μm/Huα ratios derived from this average spectrum. The neon abundance relative to hydrogen increases from the lower-left portion of this diagram to the upper-right, as indicated by the solid iso-metallicity curves. The line ratios of the average spectrum suggest a neon abundance ∼2.9 × solar, based on the Asplund et al. (2004) normalization (see the text for a discussion of the uncertainties on this value). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-32-difference-between-the-excitation-temperatures-3nxrx6id.png Figure 32. Difference between the excitation temperatures derived from the H2 S(3)/S(2) and S(2)/S(1) flux ratios vs. (a) f25/f60 and (b) the 9.7 μm silicate effective optical depth. The meaning of the symbols is the same as in Figure 4. The size of the symbol reflects the relative uncertainties on each data point, where the quartile of most certain points are the largest and the quartile of least certain points are the smallest. All objects should be above the solid line, unless extinction and/or ortho-para effects are at play. The small downward arrow on the right in each diagram reflects the effect of changing the ortho-to-para ratio from 3 to 2, while the long arrow reflects the effect of an extinction AV = 10. Significant trends among ULIRGs are seen, with decreasing temperature difference with increasing silicate optical depth and decreasing f25/f60. ULIRGs with extinction greater than the median (and f25/f60 lower than the median) have a lower temperature difference by 60–70 K, with a K–S (Kuiper) significance of <0.1% (6%–7%). The trend with extinction implies extinction of the molecular lines. When corrected for this extinction, the trend with f25/f60 will lessen or disappear. https://scispace.com/papers/spitzer-spectroscopy-of-mass-loss-and-dust-production-by-3lnbm7yzop 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-light-curves-in-the-k-band-for-the-sources-in-our-xh59q8ew.png Figure 1. Light curves in the K band for the sources in our sample observed with SIRIUS at the IRSF 1.4 m reflector. Table 2 presents the fitted periods, mean magnitudes, K-band amplitude, and zero-phase dates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparison-of-the-bolometric-magnitudes-of-our-36rbnsmg.png Figure 11. Comparison of the bolometric magnitudes of our globular sample of AGB stars and the Magellanic sample of Sloan et al. (2008). The histogram of the globular sample excludes the four Cepheid variables (all with bolometric magnitudes between −1.6 and −2.7) and the four sources whose cluster membership is in doubt. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-compares-the-bolometric-magnitudes-of-the-31-lpvs-2gknr8ka.png Figure 11. Comparison of the bolometric magnitudes of our globular sample of AGB stars and the Magellanic sample of Sloan et al. (2008). The histogram of the globular sample excludes the four Cepheid variables (all with bolometric magnitudes between −1.6 and −2.7) and the four sources whose cluster membership is in doubt. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-wavelength-intervals-for-extracting-narrow-dust-10tfld9n.png Table 6 Wavelength Intervals for Extracting Narrow Dust Emission Features https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-strengths-of-narrow-dust-emission-features-2e7bwkxw.png Table 5 Strengths of Narrow Dust Emission Features https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-irs-spectra-of-the-nine-sources-in-our-sample-with-38wedisx.png Figure 4. IRS spectra of the nine sources in our sample with metallicities ([Fe/H]) between −0.49 and −0.65. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-irs-spectra-of-the-six-sources-in-our-sample-with-3aeku7te.png Figure 5. IRS spectra of the six sources in our sample with metallicities ([Fe/H]) from −0.65 to −0.80. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-irs-spectra-of-the-five-sources-in-our-sample-with-w8migqsf.png Figure 3. IRS spectra of the five sources in our sample with metallicities ([Fe/H]) between −0.25 and −0.49. https://scispace.com/papers/spleap-soft-pooling-of-learned-parts-for-image-1bhy4ti438 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-plot-of-test-map-versus-number-of-training-epochs-s6k2ath1.png Fig. 1: Plot of test mAP versus number of training epochs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-results-on-pascal-voc-2007-dataset-p-3q6i3db4.png Table 3: Comparison of results on Pascal-VOC-2007 dataset (P = 40 parts per class, K = 1) using CNN features extracted from (left) Krizhevsky-like [16] and (right) very deep architectures [33] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plot-of-test-map-versus-the-number-of-parts-p-2u67zwdc.png Fig. 2: Plot of test mAP versus the number of parts P . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-discriminative-parts-for-the-four-pascal-voc-2007-21yogzu3.png Fig. 4: Discriminative parts for the four Pascal-VOC-2007 classes (clockwise from top-left) “horse”, “motorbike”, “dining table”, and “potted plant”. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-heatmaps-for-images-pascal-voc-2007-of-classes-njmb8f7o.png Fig. 3: Heatmaps for images Pascal-VOC-2007 of classes (clockwise from top-left) “potted plant”, “bird”, “bottle” and “TV monitor”. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-results-on-the-willow-dataset-p-7-2u6jvgax.png Table 4: Comparison of results on the Willow dataset (P = 7 parts per-class, K = 1) (left) and the MIT-Indoor-67 dataset (P = 500 parts, common to all classes, K = 2) (right) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-against-unsupervised-aggregation-17qswakf.png Table 1: Comparison against unsupervised aggregation baselines https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-importance-of-per-part-softness-coefficients-324668jh.png Table 2: Importance of per-part softness coefficients https://scispace.com/papers/spleen-endothelial-cells-from-patients-with-myelofibrosis-2v0jost0pk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dna-content-of-cultured-splenic-ecs-and-fish-7fdm5b3w.png Figure 5. DNA content of cultured splenic ECs and FISH analysis of ECs in spleen sections. (A) Representative example of DNA content analysis of JAK2V617F ECs obtained from in vitro culture of splenic mononuclear cells of patient number 6. Cells are 100% diploid. (B) Representative microphotograph of FISH analysis of ECs in a spleen section with a dual-color anti-JAK2 probe. Two cells, each with 2 green and 2 red signals (arrows), are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-of-different-concentrations-of-204fi81r.png Table 3. Effects of different concentrations of erythropoietin on the in vitro growth of JAK2V617F ECs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-jak2v617-mutation-in-facs-sorted-splenic-ecs-from-3hia7zph.png Figure 6. JAK2V617 mutation in FACS-sorted splenic ECs from patient number 6. Splenic ECs show only mutated alleles, confirming the homozygosity found in the circulating polymorphonuclear cells of this patient. The HEL cell line was used as a positive control for the JAK2V617F mutation; the K562 cell line was used as a positive control for the wild-type JAK2 gene. Amplified fragments, obtained as described in “Methods” and in Baxter et al25 are shown before ( ) and after ( ) digestion with BsaXI. The expected sizes for amplified fragments after digestion with BsaIX are 241, 189, and 30 bp for the wild-type allele; the V617F allele remained undigested (460 bp). The 30-bp fragment derived from the digestion of the wild-type alleles ran outside the gel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sorting-strategy-for-the-isolation-of-cd34-cd146-uuard4g0.png Figure 2. Sorting strategy for the isolation of CD34 CD146 CD31 CD45 cells from spleen-derived MNCs. Splenic MNCs were first enriched in CD34 cells by immunomagnetic selection, followed by staining with anti-CD146, anti-CD31, and anti-CD45 mAbs, and then sorted according to CD34, CD31, and CD146 positive and CD45 negative expression. Contaminating platelets were excluded by size gating. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-jak2v617f-mutation-in-ecs-from-spleen-vessels-mibmma95.png Table 1. JAK2V617F mutation in ECs from spleen vessels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-jak2v617f-status-of-lm-captured-or-cultured-ecs-13odxjs9.png Figure 3. JAK2V617F status of LM captured or cultured ECs from spleen or splenic veins. Shown are patient number 5 (lanes 3-6), patient number 6 (lanes 7-11 and 13), and patient number 9 (lane 12). Lane 1, JAK2V617F control; lane 2, JAK2 wild-type positive control; and lane 14, negative control. MW indicates molecular weight. Expected sizes for amplified fragments after digestion with BsaIX are 141, 30, and 12 bp for the wild-type allele, whereas the V617F allele remains undigested (183 bp). Both the 30- and 12-bp fragments derived from digestion of the wild-type alleles ran outside the gel. Heterozygous samples show both 183-bp (mutated) and 141-bp (wild-type) fragments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-expression-of-endothelial-cd144-cd31-and-vwf-and-30mzrs1n.png Table 2. Expression of endothelial (CD144, CD31, and VWF) and hematopoietic (CD45) proteins by ECs isolated in culture from splenic MNCs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-representative-example-of-immunofluorescent-3kghw25j.png Figure 4. Representative example of immunofluorescent analysis of cultured ECs from splenic MNCs of patient number 6. ECs were detached from the culture dish, cytospun onto a glass slide, and stained with PE-conjugated anti–VE-cadherin mAb (red; A) and with FITC-conjugated anti-CD45 mAb (green; B). MNCs from the peripheral blood of a healthy subject were used as a positive control for CD45 detection, and ECs derived from ECFCs obtained from a healthy subject were used as a positive control for VE-cadherin detection. Original magnification was 250 . https://scispace.com/papers/splicing-dependent-nmd-requires-prp17-in-saccharomyces-1j4t14y55i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-j-wen-et-al-1fz0tpn4.png Fig. 2, J. Wen et al. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-j-wen-et-al-31sqi2sd.png Fig. 6, J. Wen et al. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-j-wen-et-al-3jw2404d.png Fig. 1, J. Wen et al. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-j-wen-et-al-19rb3rfd.png Fig. 3, J. Wen et al. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-j-wen-et-al-3r4u2jkd.png Fig. 4, J. Wen et al. https://scispace.com/papers/splenogonadal-fusion-and-sex-reversal-3f8owamq35 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-microphotography-depicting-splenic-tissue-with-uxfrq9tm.png Figure 1 (A) Microphotography depicting splenic tissue, with presence of white and red pulp (hematoxylin and eosin × 20). (B) Spermatic cord was identifi ed adjacent to the splenic tissue. https://scispace.com/papers/splicing-factor-mutations-in-the-myelodysplastic-syndromes-54tg7aigz2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-splicing-inhibitors-targeting-the-27u7gln8.png Table 1. Characteristics of splicing inhibitors targeting the SF3b complex. https://scispace.com/papers/split-null-keys-a-null-space-based-defense-for-pollution-1atiyetdeo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-time-for-computational-overhead-of-schemes-snk-dart-35pdu9co.png Fig. 6. Time for computational overhead of schemes SNK, DART/EDART, and HOMOMAC-2. Forwarder computation (a) is for verifying a coded packet. Source computation (b) is to generate null keys, checksums, and homomorphic MACs for SNK, DART/EDART, and HOMOMAC-2 respectively for a generation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-notation-akmhyvy9.png TABLE I NOTATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-throughput-and-latency-of-snk-kfm-and-dart-2o19qg4x.png Fig. 1. Throughput and latency of SNK, KFM and DART. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-throughput-and-latency-for-snk-more-and-aran-2w6j6lk8.png Fig. 4. Throughput and latency for SNK, MORE, and ARAN. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-throughput-of-snk-and-edart-for-different-numbers-of-2874axpd.png Fig. 3. Throughput of SNK and EDART for different numbers of attackers. https://scispace.com/papers/splitting-methods-with-complex-times-for-parabolic-equations-4e6nmmohlv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-values-of-maxi-1-s-arggi-for-various-composition-3rana4m8.png Figure 2: Values of maxi=1...s |argγi| for various composition methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagrams-of-coefficients-for-compositions-methods-cn1ckumh.png Figure 1: Diagrams of coefficients for compositions methods (11) and (14) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-plot-nonlinear-case-error-l2-norm-at-time-t-of-3j3766gx.png Figure 4: Plot: Nonlinear case – Error (L2 norm at time T ) of composition methods versus number of evaluations of the basic method Φh. Left picture: “triple jump” composition methods Φ̃h (p) , p = 2, 4, 6, 8. Right picture: “quadruple jump” composition methods Ψ (p) h , p = 2, 4, 6, 8. For all these pictures, solid lines: basic method is the Strang splitting with exponential maps (4) – dashed lines: basic method is the Peaceman-Rachford formula (5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plot-nonlinear-case-error-l2-norm-at-time-t-versus-31tchgyd.png Figure 5: Plot: Nonlinear case – Error (L2 norm at time T ) versus number of evaluations of the basic method Φh. Strang splitting (dotted lines), “quadruple jump” composition method Ψ (4) h (solid line), extrapolation method (22) (dashed-dotted line), extrapolation method (23) (dashed lines). Left picture: Basic method is the Strang splitting with exponential maps (4). Right picture: Peaceman-Rachford formula (5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plot-linear-potential-v-x-2-sin-2px-error-l2-norm-2i9b451l.png Figure 3: Plot: Linear potential V (x) = 2 + sin(2πx). Error (L2 norm at time T ) of composition methods versus number of evaluations of the basic method Φh. Left picture: “triple jump” composition methods Φ̃h (p) , p = 2, 4, 6, 8. Right picture: “quadruple jump” composition methods Ψh (p), p = 2, 4, 6, 8. For all these pictures, solid lines: basic method is the Strang splitting with exponential maps (4) – dashed lines: basic method is PeacemanRachford formula (5) . https://scispace.com/papers/splitter-target-for-controlling-magnetic-reconnection-in-uq286sgelf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-the-distribution-of-bz-at-t-66-t0-the-solid-black-15dntgkg.png Figure 2. (a) The distribution of Bz at t=66 T0. The solid black curve is the profile of Bz along x=50 λ and the dashed line indicates the zero-scale line (Bz=0), which are corresponding to the scale on the upper x-axis. (b) The distribution of Bz at t=104 T0. The magenta, cyan and green curves represent the Bz profile along x=67 λ, 75 λ and 82 λ, respectively. The dashed lines are the zero-scale lines for the corresponding locations. The amplitude of the magnetic fields are scaled as same as that in (a). The solid black curve is (∇×B)x normalized by enc/5 along y= 0. (c) Contributions of different terms in Ampère–Maxwell law at 128 T0 along y=0, transversely averaged inside the current sheet (−λ<y<λ). The solid red curve is the x-component of ∇×B along y=0. The green and blue lines are the electric current and displacement current, respectively. á ´ ñ á ñjB ,x e x and á ñjD x are normalized to enc. The black curve is the longitudinal electric field normalized to meωc/e. (d) is (y, px) phase space plane of the electrons along y-direction at 140 T0. The red line is the longitudinal electric field along x= 84λ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-scheme-of-the-cone-target-and-the-laser-3atb61kh.png Figure 1. (a) The scheme of the cone target and the laser splitting. The red color represents forward propagating pulse and the blue is for the reflected components. The direction of the Pointing vector is shown by black arrows. (b) The evolution of the EM field energy of the incident and reflected pulses. The red and the dashed green curves correspond to the forward propagating EM field in the upper half (y>0) and lower half (y<0) of the simulation box, respectively. The blue line is the reflected field. (c) The twin structure of the electron plasma channel at t=76 T0. The longitudinal electric field and the laser amplitude are represented by the white and red lines with the normalization of (0.1 GV cm−1) and 0.1×I0, where I0 is the laser peak intensity. The locations of the red lines indicate the laser axes y=±6.5 λ and also the zero-scale lines of the laser intensity and the electric field. (d) The average kinetic energy distribution of the electrons at t=86 T0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-presents-the-laser-intensity-distribution-in-the-1vqav86m.png Figure 3. (a) Presents the laser intensity distribution in the 3D case. The cross sections are chosen at x=8 λ and 23 λ at 20 T0, and 35 T0, which are projected on the x=0 and x=50 λ plane, respectively. The red volume represent the pulse shapes before and after splitting. The split laser intensity in z=0 and y=0 planes are projected in the bottom and the x=−20 λ plane. (b) is the plasma channel structure, the energetic particle distribution, the magnetic field slice and the current slice at 85 T0. (c) Shows the backward accelerated electrons in black– blue spots and the forward energetic particles in yellow–red spots at 110 T0. The corresponding magnetic field distribution and electron density distribution are also included. https://scispace.com/papers/sponges-are-highly-resistant-to-radiation-exposure-and-7dif2gdtv2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-morphologic-changes-in-two-sponges-a-b-91-days-1pks448w.png Figure 3. Morphologic changes in two sponges (A, B) 91 days after X-ray exposure. Sponges can develop extensive body projections. The body projections either generate new satellite https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-x-ray-treatment-produces-little-dna-lm93ovbr.png Figure 7. The X-ray treatment produces little DNA fragmentation as measured by the Comet assay. There is evidence of DNA in: 8.23% ± 16.32 S.D. of treated sponges, and 1.34% ± 6.99 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-we-observed-morphological-changes-of-6-sponges-2zpmofb3.png Figure 2. We observed morphological changes of 6 sponges after exposure to 600 Gy of X-rays. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-transmission-electron-microscopy-analysis-of-12es284m.png Figure 6. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of control (A, B) and X-ray exposed sponges (C-F), 7 days after exposure. The choanoderm of control sponges is well organized with choanocyte chambers (green asterisk *). Instead, the choanoderm of treated sponges (C-F) is disorganized and the choanocyte chambers are absent. The X-ray exposed choanoderm is characterized by the extensive presence of vesicle and membrane heterogeneous structures. The nuclei appear to be intact and have different shapes. Black arrows=choanocytes, blue head arrow=mitochondria, N=nucleus, white arrows=bacteria. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-t-wilhelma-untreated-a-a1-after-24-hours-b-b1-7-qessjumk.png Figure 5. T. wilhelma untreated (A, A1), after 24 hours (B, B1), 7 days (C, C1), and 21 days (D, https://scispace.com/figures/table-1s-list-of-genes-overexpressed-24-hours-7-and-21-days-jcgrgoj0.png Table 1S. List of genes overexpressed 24 hours, 7 and 21 days after X-ray exposure. The table reports at least 2 log2-fold differentially expressed and statistically significant genes after multiple comparison correction (FDR<0.05) and their human homolog genes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-size-of-sponges-decreased-after-x-ray-treatment-10c0ajoa.png Figure 4. The size of sponges decreased after X-ray treatment (t-test controls vs X-ray treated sponges, paired by time point, df=16, t=6.341, p<0.0001). The blue line shows the control https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-venn-diagram-shows-the-number-of-genes-that-were-gpaiycmf.png Figure 8. Venn diagram shows the number of genes that were over-expressed at the 3 different time points (24 hours, 7 and 21 days) after X-ray treatment. There are genes overexpressed only at a specific time point and genes overexpressed at 2 or 3 time points. The number of transcripts https://scispace.com/papers/spoken-language-translation-graphs-re-decoding-using-jzd2mqxvea 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-mt-and-slt-performance-on-2643-utt-1cf09nl6.png Table 1. Baseline MT and SLT performance on 2643 utt. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-wce-performance-with-diff-feat-sets-q276u22n.png Table 2. WCE performance with diff. feat. sets https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-slt-perf-bleu-after-2d-pass-2643-utt-1x7gfa7l.png Table 3. SLT perf. (BLEU) after 2d pass (2643 utt.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-exemples-of-french-slt-hyp-with-and-w-o-redecoding-1efuhcj8.png Table 4. Exemples of French SLT hyp with and w/o redecoding https://scispace.com/papers/spolia-as-signifiers-in-twelfth-century-rome-3joomi6xe6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rome-santo-stefano-rotondo-interior-with-transverse-13rxzb57.png Fig. 4. Rome, Santo Stefano Rotondo, interior with transverse wall of Pope Innocent II (photo: kinney) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-rome-san-benedetto-in-piscinula-west-colonnade-photo-2q8qerri.png Fig. 5. Rome, San Benedetto in Piscinula, west colonnade (photo: kinney) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-rome-casa-dei-crescenzi-detail-of-main-portal-photo-144pt22u.png Fig. 10. Rome, Casa dei Crescenzi, detail of main portal (photo: kinney) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-rome-casa-dei-crescenzi-photo-kinney-17bnbktu.png Fig. 9. Rome, Casa dei Crescenzi (photo: kinney) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-rome-forum-of-caesar-in-the-10th-century-23teurm8.png Fig. 6. Rome, Forum of Caesar in the 10th century (reconstruction: Inklink; after MENEGHINI, SANTANGELI VALENZANI, BIANCHI, I Fori Imperiali) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-rome-santa-maria-in-cosmedin-in-the-12th-century-20xqoaqa.png Fig. 8. Rome, Santa Maria in Cosmedin in the 12th century (reconstruction: GIOVENALE, La Basilica di Santa Maria in Cosmedin) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rome-santa-maria-in-trastevere-interior-photo-kinney-14zz6nbd.png Fig. 1. Rome, Santa Maria in Trastevere, interior (photo: kinney) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rome-santa-maria-in-trastevere-detail-of-north-13h8om9j.png Fig. 2. Rome, Santa Maria in Trastevere, detail of north colonnade (photo: kinney) https://scispace.com/papers/spontaneous-and-electrodeposition-of-pt-on-ru-0001-4m34qlq4o1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-auger-electron-spectra-a-for-a-clean-ru-0001-surface-2s1ibsnw.png Fig. 4. Auger electron spectra: (a) for a clean Ru(0001) surface after argon ion sputtering and annealing under UHV conditions, (b) for a Ru(0001) electrode covered with a Pt adlayer by spontaneous deposition, (c) Ru(0001) electrode with Pt clusters formed by electrodepostion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cylic-voltammogram-cv-data-recorded-with-a-scan-rate-2vo2mysg.png Fig. 6. Cylic voltammogram (CV) data recorded with a scan rate of 50 mV/s: (a) Ru(0001) electrode (broken line) and Ru surface covered by Pt clusters (full line) in 0.1 m HClO4 solution, (b) Ru(0001) electrode (broken line) and Ru surface covered to 80% by Pt clusters (full line) in 0.1 M HClO4 + 0.1 M CH3OH, (c) Ru(0001) electrode (broken line) and Ru surface covered to 80% by Pt clusters (full line) in 0.1 M HClO4 + 0.1 M HCOOH. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ewald-sphere-construction-for-high-energy-electron-15aummmb.png Fig. 1. Ewald sphere construction for high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) where the 2D-reciprocal lattice rods indicated by the solid and dashed lines intersect the Ewald sphere at zero Laue-L 0 and first Laue-zoneL 1, respectively.K0 andKg are the wave vectors of the incident and the diffracted electron beams, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1x1-rheed-patterns-1120-a-and-0110-b-for-ru-0001-after-vwc4k0xh.png Fig. 2. (1×1) RHEED patterns ([1120] (a) and [0110] (b)) for Ru(0001) after argon ion sputtering and annealing under UHV conditions, showing 2D reflection streaks of (10) and (11) beams; RHEED patterns ([1120] (c) and [0110] (d)) for Ru(0001) electrode covered by 2D Pt-adlayer, showing intensity modulation along the (10) and (11) reflections; RHEED patterns ([1120] (e) and [0110] (f)) for the Ru(0001) electrode covered by Pt clusters which was obtained by spontaneous Pt deposition, showing 3D reflection spots besides the (10) and (11) reflection streaks; RHEED patterns ([1120] (g) and [0110] (h)) for the Ru(0001) electrode covered by 3D Pt clusters which was obtained by electrodeposition of Pt onto Ru(0001), showing only 3D reflection spots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-scanning-electron-microscopy-sem-image-for-a-ru-0001-28nmep67.png Fig. 5. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image for a Ru(0001) electrode after electrodeposition of Pt (Primary electron energy 25 keV). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-two-dimensional-2d-hcp-reciprocal-lattice-of-a-oe5injo4.png Fig. 3. (a) Two-dimensional (2D) hcp reciprocal lattice of a hexagonal Ru(0001) surface wherea1 and a2 are the unit vectors of a hexagonal unit mesh of Ru(0001) anda*1 , a*2 are the corresponding reciprocal vectors (a*1 ⊥a2 anda*2 ⊥a1). b*1 , b*2 denote the reciprocal lattice vectors of a Pt adlayer. The reciprocal unit mesh of the Pt-adlayer coincides with the reciprocal unit mesh of the Ru substrate, (b) 2D hcp reciprocal lattice of a hexagonal Ru(0001) surface superimposed by the reciprocal unit mesh (b*1 , b*2 ) of Pt-cluster as indicated by the dashed line where the reciprocal unit mesh of Pt is no longer matching with the substrate unit mesh, (c) Schematic drawing for 2D adlayer and 3D clusters of Pt deposit on Ru(0001). https://scispace.com/papers/spontaneous-crystal-coalescence-enables-highly-efficient-26vwjtnqfd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-current-density-voltage-j-v-curves-for-a-perovskite-1bi06pjr.png Figure 1. Current density-voltage (J-V) curves for a perovskite solar cell at a 2 and b 28 days after preparation, storing the device in the dark and in dry air at room temperature. The J-V curves were measured at a scan rate of 10 mV/s from forward bias to short circuit condition and from short circuit condition to forward bias under AM1.5 simulated solar light illumination. The device was not preconditioned under light or voltage bias before each J-V scan. The active area was defined by a shadow mask with an aperture of 0.16 cm2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-photovoltaic-performance-parameters-open-circuit-2lu47dqt.png Table 1. Photovoltaic performance parameters: open-circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Jsc), fill factor (FF) and maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) extracted from the J-V curves in Figure 1, from forward bias (FB) to short circuit (SC) and back. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scanning-electron-microscopy-analysis-of-a-1a03eyu1.png Figure 3. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of a perovskite film stored for a 2 and b 28 days in dark and dry air at room temperature. c Statistical distribution of the area of the crystalline domains from the SEM top view in d (2 days) and e (28 days). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-of-crystal-coalescence-in-a-perovskite-3jf5bdky.png Figure 5. Schematic of crystal coalescence in a perovskite film. a An as-prepared film of crystals with a small crystallographic misorientation at the grain boundary shown in red. Arrows indicate the grain boundary of interest between these crystals. b Film after dark storage, showing the coalescence of these crystals. c Cross sectional view of crystals with a small crystallographic misorientation at the grain boundary which preferentially coalesce. d Cross sectional view of crystals with a large crystallographic misorientation at the grain boundary which do not coalesce. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-data-collected-2-and-28-days-after-the-sample-1w5byk8m.png Figure 2. Data collected 2 and 28 days after the sample preparation. The samples were stored in the dark and in dry air at room temperature. a Imaginary part of the intensity modulated photocurrent spectra of a complete PSC. The spectra were normalized to the highest peak at 105Hz. b Time-correlated single-photon counting measurement of a perovskite film deposited on a microscope glass slide. The sample was excited at 480 nm from the perovskite side and the emission at 760 nm from the same side was monitored. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-miller-indices-hkl-peak-intensity-normalized-to-the-30ybx6yz.png Table 2. Miller indices (hkl), peak intensity normalized to the intensity of the perovskite peak at 32.3 2θ and the crystal size extracted from the spectra in Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-collected-2-and-28-days-y7sh299n.png Figure 4: X-ray diffraction patterns collected 2 and 28 days after perovskite film preparation. The samples were stored in the dark and in dry air at room temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/spontaneous-brain-activity-as-a-source-of-ideal-1-f-noise-1svp3mwjn5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-scatter-plot-of-aj-vs-sj-b-scatter-plot-of-aj-vs-14wqq4ct.png FIG. 3. a Scatter plot of AJ vs SJ. b Scatter plot of AJ vs subject label. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diffusion-entropy-s-t-for-rules-no-1-aj-and-no-3-sj-3i682jpn.png FIG. 2. Diffusion entropy S t for rules no. 1 AJ and no. 3 SJ for subjects 7 and 22. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-tn-vs-n-for-subject-2-b-n-vs-n-same-subject-tltuuatv.png FIG. 4. a tn vs n for subject 2. b n vs n, same subject. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-t-for-rule-no-3-sj-for-subject-2-with-different-1btd9d8c.png FIG. 5. t for rule no. 3 SJ , for subject 2 with different choices of NT and tc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dfa-using-the-three-rules-for-subjects-2-13-23-and-27-2ds0u1qm.png FIG. 6. DFA using the three rules for subjects 2, 13, 23, and 27. Sampling time 2 ms . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-scatter-plots-a-hsj-vs-haj-b-hsj-vs-hsv-c-haj-vs-hsv-dnuqptt1.png FIG. 7. Scatter plots: a HSJ vs HAJ; b HSJ vs HSV; c HAJ vs HSV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-s-t-for-rule-no-3-sj-for-subject-6-with-different-1zmmgm8y.png FIG. 1. S t for rule no. 3 SJ , for subject 6 with different choices of Nt and tc. https://scispace.com/papers/spontaneous-curvature-of-phosphatidic-acid-and-5zezun93jc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plot-of-the-absolute-value-of-the-spontaneous-7iujzvy5.png FIGURE 5: Plot of the absolute value of the spontaneous curvature, |1/R0p|, at pH 7.0 in the presence of 150 mM NaCl calculated at the pivotal plane for DOPA/DOPE/td (solid circles) and LPA/ DOPE/td (open circles) mixtures as a function of DOPA and LPA content, respectively. Linear regression analysis (r2 ) 0.98 and 0.97 for PA and LPA dataset respectively) givesR0pDOPA ) -46 Å, R0pLPA ) +20, andR0pDOPE ) -22 ( 1 Å. https://scispace.com/papers/spontaneous-behaviors-drive-multidimensional-brain-wide-3ps39slfvg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-neural-subspaces-encoding-stimuli-and-spontaneous-c90rsc1b.png Figure 4. Neural subspaces encoding stimuli and spontaneous/behavioral variables overlap along one dimension. (A) Principal components of facial motion energy (top) and firing of ten example V1 neurons (bottom), before, during and after a period of visual stimulus presentation. (B) Comparison of facial motion energy with and without visual stimulation. Each point represents a single PC in a single experiment; color represents experiment identity. (C) Overlap of stimulus and behavioral subspaces. X-axis represents successive dimensions of overlap between the subspaces spanned by mean stimulus responses and facial prediction; y-axis represents fraction of stimulus-related variance in each dimension. (D) Distribution of cells’ weights on the single dimension of overlap between stimulus and behavior subspaces. Each curve represents the distribution of weights over all cells in an experiment. (E) Illustration of three sets of orthogonal dimensions in the subspace of firing patterns. Activity in multiple dimensions is driven by visual stimuli but not behavior (shades of magenta); multiple other dimensions are driven by behavior but not by stimuli (shades of cyan); a single dimension (gray; characterized in panels C,D) is driven by both. (F) Example of neural population activity projected onto these three sets of dimensions. Top: shades of magenta, projection onto stimulus-related dimensions. Middle: gray, projection onto single dimension related to both stimuli and behavior; blue, projection onto dimensions related to behavior alone. Bottom: similar analysis for all ongoing spontaneous dimensions, even if unrelated to facial behavior. (G) Amount of variance of each of the projections illustrated in F, during stimulus presentation and spontaneous periods. Each point represents summed variances of the dimensions in the subspace corresponding to the symbol color, for a single experiment. (H) Projection of population responses to repeats of two example stimuli into two dimensions of the stimulus-only subspace. Red lines: multiplicative gain model. (I) Similar plot for two dimensions of the behavior-only subspace. (J) Fraction of variance in the stimulus-only subspace explained by three models: constant response on each trial of the same stimulus (avg. model); multiplicative gain that varies across trials (mult. model); and a model with both multiplicative and additive terms (affine model). (K) The multiplicative gain on each trial can be predicted by the face motion PCs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-behaviorally-related-activity-across-the-forebrain-2ry7dxos.png Figure 3. Behaviorally-related activity across the forebrain in simultaneous recordings with 8 Neuropixels probes. (A) Reconstructed probe locations of recordings in three mice. (B) Example histology slice showing orthogonal penetrations of 8 electrode tracks through a calbindincounterstained horizontal section. (C) Comparison of mean correlation between cell pairs in a single area, with mean correlation between pairs with one cell in that area and the other elsewhere. Each dot represents the mean over all cell pairs from all recordings, color coded as in panel D. (D) Mean correlation of cells in each brain region with first principal component of facial motion. Error bars: standard deviation. (E) Top: Raster representation of ongoing population activity for an example experiment, sorted vertically so nearby neurons have correlated ongoing activity. Bottom: prediction of this activity from facial videography. Right: Anatomical location of neurons along this vertical continuum. Each point represents a cell, colored by brain area as in C,D, with x-axis showing the neuron’s depth from brain surface. (F) Percentage of population activity explainable from orofacial behaviors as a function of dimensions of reduced rank regression. Each curve shows average prediction quality for neurons in a particular brain area. (G) Explained variance as a function of time lag between neural activity and behavioral traces. Each curve shows the average for a particular brain area. (H) Same as G in 200ms bins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structured-ongoing-population-activity-in-visual-1g36wi32.png Figure 1. Structured ongoing population activity in visual cortex. (A) Two-photon calcium imaging of ∼10,000 neurons in visual cortex using multi-plane resonance scanning of 11 planes spaced 35 µm apart. (B) Randomly-pseudocolored cells detected in an example imaging plane. (C) Distribution of pairwise correlations in ongoing activity, computed in 1.2 second time bins (yellow). Gray: distribution of correlations after randomly time-shifting each cell’s activity. (D) Bars showing distribution of pairwise correlation coefficients for each recording (dot: mean; bar, range between 5th and 95th percentile). (E) First principal component (PC) of population activity, plotted versus running speed. Each point represents a 1.2 s time bin. (F) Top: example timecourse of running speed (green), pupil area (gray), whisking (light green), first PC (magenta dashed). Bottom: raster representation of ongoing population activity, with neurons sorted vertically by 1st PC weighting. (G) Same neurons as in (F), sorted by a manifold embedding algorithm to reveal multi-dimensional structure of population activity. (H) Shared Variance Component Analysis method for estimating the reliable variance spectrum of spontaneous neural activity. Dimensions of maximum covariance between two spatiallyseparated cell sets are estimated from half the recording (training timepoints), and their covariance on the test timepoints yields an asymptotically unbiased estimate of reliable variance. (I) Example time course of SVCs 1, 10, 100, and 1000 from each cell set in the test epoch. (J) Comparison of SVCs estimated independently from the two cell sets. Each dot represents a 1.2 s period. Pearson correlations (top) estimate fraction of that dimension’s variance reliably encoding latent signal. (K) Fraction of reliable variance for successive dimensions. Colors: different experiments; gray: grand mean. (L) Estimated reliable variance spectrum, showing a power law of exponent 1.14. (M) Percentage of each SVC’s total variance that can be reliably predicted from arousal variables. Shades of green: different arousal variables, color coded as in F. Light gray: percentage of reliable variance, as in K. (N) Percentage of total variance in first 128 dimensions explainable by arousal variables, individually or combined. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-multi-dimensional-behavior-predicts-neural-activity-qq2p1p8e.png Figure 2. Multi-dimensional behavior predicts neural activity. (A) Frames from a video recording of a mouse’s face. (B) Motion energy, computed as the absolute value of the difference of consecutive frames. (C) Spatial masks corresponding to the top three principal components (PCs) of the motion energy movie. (D) Schematic of reduced rank regression technique used to predict neural activity from motion energy PCs. (E) Cross-validated fraction of successive neural SVCs predictable from face motion (blue), together with fraction of variance predictable from running, pupil and whisking (green), and fraction of reliable variance (the maximum explainable; gray; cf. Figure 1K). (F) Top: raster representation of ongoing neural activity in an example experiment, with neurons arranged vertically as in Figure 1G so correlated cells are close together. Bottom: prediction of this activity from facial videography (predicted using separate training timepoints). (G) Percentage of the first 128 SVCs’ total variance that can be predicted from facial information, as a function of number of facial dimensions used. (H) Prediction quality from multidimensional facial information, compared to the amount of reliable variance. (I) Adding explicit running, pupil and whisker information to facial features provides little improvement in neural prediction quality. (J) Prediction quality as a function of time lag used to predict neural activity from behavioral traces. https://scispace.com/papers/spontaneous-eye-blink-rate-during-the-working-memory-delay-qdvl5celu6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-correlation-between-sebr-during-different-phases-of-23cgum2e.png Figure 5. Correlation between sEBR during different phases of the task and task accuracy in Experiment 2. Correlation plots show sEBR on the x-axis and task accuracy on the y-axis. a) These four plots are encoding (top left), the first two seconds of the delay (top right), probe (bottom left), and scrambled (bottom right) periods. The delay period shows a strong positive correlation (p=0.002, which was significant after a multiple comparison correction) between task accuracy and sEBR during the first two seconds of the delay period. b) This plot represents the relationship between sEBR during the whole trial and task accuracy. Fitted line represents linear regression model fit. Shaded region depicts 95% confidence interval. Note: p-values for figure 5a. after Bonferroni correction: * p < .0125, ** p < .0025 *** p < .00025. p-values for figure 5b. * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-anova-test-of-sebr-across-task-periods-in-ibjckv6s.png Figure 6. ANOVA test of sEBR across task periods in Experiment 2. Bar plots show task period on the x-axis and sEBR on the y-axis. Delay period sEBR was significantly greater than Encoding, Probe, and Scrambled sEBR. Scrambled sEBR was also significantly greater than Encoding and Probe sEBR. Encoding sEBR was significantly greater than Probe sEBR. Error bars depict 95% confidence interval. Note: Each colored circle represents an individual participant; some colors may be presented twice in one bar due to limited primary colors available for display. P-values were adjusted for comparing a family of 4. * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-correlation-between-sebr-during-different-phases-of-1puc71au.png Figure 2. Correlation between sEBR during different phases of the task and task accuracy in Experiment 1. Correlation plots show sEBR (in blinks/min) on the x-axis and task accuracy (% correct) on the y-axis. a) These four plots show encoding (top left), the first two seconds of the delay (top right), probe (bottom left), and scrambled (bottom right) periods. The delay period shows a positive correlation (p=0.02, but not significant after multiple comparisons correction) between task accuracy and sEBR during the first two seconds of the delay period. b) This plot represents the relationship between sEBR during the whole trial and task accuracy. Fitted line represents linear regression model fit. Shaded region depicts 95% confidence interval. Note: p-values for Figure 2a. after Bonferroni multiple comparison correction: * p < .0125, ** p < .0025 *** p < .00025. p-values for figure 2b. * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-paired-t-tests-between-delay-period-sebr-and-rest-7g8bm2qu.png Figure 7. Paired T-tests between Delay period sEBR and Rest sEBR and correlation between Rest sEBR and task accuracy in Experiment 2. a) Bar plots show task period on the x-axis and sEBR on the y-axis. Delay period sEBR was significantly higher than Rest sEBR. Error bars depict 95% confidence interval. b) Correlation plot of sEBR during the Rest period on the x-axis and task accuracy on the y-axis. Fitted line represents linear regression model fit. Shaded region depicts 95% confidence interval. * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-anova-test-of-sebr-across-task-periods-in-52ulw24g.png Figure 3. ANOVA test of sEBR across task periods in Experiment 1. Bar plots show task period on the x-axis and sEBR (blinks/min) on the y-axis. Delay period sEBR was significantly greater than Encoding and Probe sEBR. Scrambled sEBR was also significantly greater than Encoding and Probe sEBR. Error bars depict 95% confidence interval. Note: Each colored circle represents an individual participant; some colors may be presented twice in one bar due to limited primary colors available for display. Pvalues were adjusted for comparing a family of 4. * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-task-design-each-trial-began-with-an-encoding-1yjiyqx7.png Figure 1. Task design. Each trial began with an encoding period in which three novel complex scenes were presented for 1400 ms each. The encoding period was followed by a delay period where a fixation cross was presented on a grey background for a varied amount of time (2 s, 5 s, or 9 s). After the delay period, the probe was presented for 1400 ms and participants had to identify whether with a button press whether the image was a new image or one of the previously presented images. After the probe, a scrambled image was presented for 2000 ms which indicated the end of the trial followed by jittered blank space before the start of the next trial. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-polynomial-regression-model-between-task-accuracy-14zz0170.png Figure 8. Polynomial regression model between task accuracy and sEBR during the first two seconds of the delay for Experiment 1 and Experiment 2. Regression plots show sEBR during the first two seconds of the Delay on the x-axis and task accuracy on the y-axis. a) 2nd order polynomial regression model fitted on sEBR during the Delay and task accuracy in Experiment 1. b) 2nd order polynomial regression model fitted on sEBR during the Delay and task accuracy in Experiment 2. The fitted red line represents 2nd order polynomial regression model fit. The relationship between sEBR and WM performance appears to be non-linear and explains about 20% of the variance in each experiment but neither fit reached significance. * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-paired-t-tests-between-delay-period-sebr-and-rest-ztymma6t.png Figure 4. Paired T-tests between Delay period sEBR and Rest sEBR and correlation between Rest sEBR and task accuracy in Experiment 1. a) Bar plots show task period on the x-axis and sEBR on the y-axis. Delay period sEBR was significantly higher than Rest sEBR. Error bars depict 95% confidence interval. b) Correlation plot of sEBR during the Rest period on the x-axis and task accuracy on the y-axis. Fitted line represents linear regression model fit. Shaded region depicts 95% confidence interval. * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001. https://scispace.com/papers/spontaneous-emergence-of-milling-vortex-state-in-a-vicsek-54ju945ms2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-milling-proportion-pmill-as-a-function-of-system-2wto0ume.png Figure 2. Milling proportion pmill as a function of system size L, (computed over 100 runs, at φ = 180◦, v/(ωr) = 0.86, η∆t/ω = 0.5, ρ = 2.5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-phase-diagrams-as-a-function-of-the-field-of-view-ivblkwr9.png Figure 9. Phase diagrams as a function of the field of view φ and the ratio between speed and maximal angular velocity, v/(rω). For density ρ = 2.5 and different noise values: η∆t/ω = 0 (a), η∆t/ω = 0.5 (b), η∆t/ω = 4.5 (c), η∆t/ω = 9.0 (d). Vertical lines: lines, full circles: stable milling, empty circles: unstable milling, full squares: flocks, triangles: fronts, empty squares: bands, stars: disordered state. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-milling-proportion-pmill-as-a-function-of-the-field-2r1iyrrb.png Figure 3. Milling proportion pmill as a function of the field of view φ and the ratio between speed and maximal turning angle v/(rω) (we vary v and keep ω = 10◦/∆t constant), for different noise and density values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-snapshots-of-simulations-n-1000-l-20-r-2-5-a-lines-rr0w08vg.png Figure 8. Snapshots of simulations (N = 1000, L = 20, ρ = 2.5): a) Lines (φ = 10◦, v/(rω) = 1.03, η∆t/ω = 0), b) Mills (φ = 180◦, v/(rω) = 1.03, η∆t/ω = 0.5), c) Flocks (φ = 360◦, v/(rω) = 1.03, η∆t/ω = 0.5), d) Fronts (φ = 10◦, v/(rω) = 0.29, η∆t/ω = 0.5), e) Bands (φ = 180◦, v/(rω) = 2.00, η∆t/ω = 4.5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-milling-proportion-pmill-computed-over-200-runs-as-2ipw5sw6.png Figure 4. Milling proportion pmill (computed over 200 runs) as a function of the field of view φ (at η∆t/ω = 0.5, ρ = 2.5, v/(rω) = 1.03) (full circles), and milling proportion pmill as a function of the ratio of speed over maximal angular velocity v/(rω) (at η∆t/ω = 0.5, ρ = 2.5, φ = 180◦) (empty circles). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-milling-proportion-pmill-computed-over-200-runs-at-26qdiqqk.png Figure 5. Milling proportion pmill (computed over 200 runs) at φ = 180 ◦, ω = 10◦, v/(ωr) = 1.03. Left: as a function of noise (ratio noise over maximal turning angle η∆t/ω, ρ = 2.5) (Inset: zoom on same data). Right: as a function of density ρ (η∆t/ω = 0.5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketch-of-the-field-of-view-ph-a-vicsek-model-1fvqs99h.png Figure 1. Sketch of the field of view φ. a) Vicsek model: particles have an all-round field of view. b) Modified Vicsek model: particles have a blind angle behind them. Black arrows represent the orientation θ of particles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sketch-of-the-ideal-starting-configurations-for-3lbccwjg.png Figure 6. Sketch of the ideal starting configurations for milling: a) For N = 4 particles the speed v, the angular velocity ω, and the milling radius R have to satisfy the condition v/(Rω) ' 1. The distance between particles is d = R √ 2, and thus the milling radius has to be smaller than r/ √ 2. b) For N 1, mills with larger radius (R r) made by many more particles could exist. Starting from random configurations, we mostly observe mills of radius R ' r, since it is more likely that particles assume a configuration similar to (a) rather than a configuration similar to (b). https://scispace.com/papers/spontaneous-dissociation-of-a-conjugated-molecule-on-the-si-14td4r9uic 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-three-different-classes-of-sc4h2-adsorption-1imqfe2a.png FIG. 8. The three different classes of SC4H2 adsorption geometries obtaine with the AM1 method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-a-an-stm-image-of-the-h-passivated-si-100-231-surface-2zyc4dgc.png FIG. 14. ~a! An STM image of the H-passivated Si(100)-(231) surface with tunneling parameters of Itunnel50.2 nA and Vsample522.5 V. ~b! An STM image of the H-passivated Si(100)-(231) surface after exposure to 6T molecules~deposition rate50.08 Å/s, time530 s!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-molecular-structure-ofa-sexithiophene-thea-anda8-mark-3dc0byoc.png FIG. 1. Molecular structure ofa-sexithiophene. Thea anda8 mark the C atoms adjacent to the sulfur atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-an-stm-image-of-the-si-100-231-surface-after-yqhxdf02.png FIG. 2. ~a! An STM image of the Si(100)-(231) surface after deposition of a submonolayer coverage of 6T molecules~I tunnel50.15 nA; Vsample522.5 V!. ~b! The magnified STM image of the highlighted part of~a!. A and B mark the two different types of the ball-like protrusions.~c! The cross-section profile along the line in~b!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-sc4h3-adsorption-geometries-using-the-am1-method-u7mhyx84.png FIG. 11. The SC4H3 adsorption geometries using the AM1 method with t lowest energy (211.28 eV) ~a! the second lowest energy (211.16 eV) ~b! the third lowest energy (210.93 eV) ~c! and the fourth lowest energy (210.60 eV) ~d!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-molecular-structures-and-dimensions-of-thiophene-and-27y07orh.png FIG. 4. Molecular structures and dimensions of thiophene and its oligom https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-dimensions-of-17-isolated-bright-spots-in-fig-2-3svmzhm4.png FIG. 3. The dimensions of 17 isolated bright spots in Fig. 2 measure three directions: length, width and height based on the cross-section p analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-line-profiles-upper-of-the-simulated-stm-image-of-zhmq98s2.png FIG. 13. Line profiles~upper! of the simulated STM image of SC4H3-a and -b geometries together with line profiles~lower! of the experimental STM image for type A and type B along~a! and perpendicular to~b! the Si dimer row. The line profiles measured along and across silicon dimer rows are plotted as references. https://scispace.com/papers/spontaneous-or-intentional-involuntary-versus-voluntary-1iiv828r9o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2k7mitdj.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/spontaneous-self-assembly-of-thermoresponsive-vesicles-using-4sner3nw9u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-sans-data-and-model-ts-of-10-mm-oapb-and-20-mm-e5n4ukrn.png Figure 2: (a) SANS data and model ts of 10 mM OAPB and 20 mM AOT with the speci ed concentrations of NaCl at 25◦C. The inset shows the increase in vesicle volume fraction with increasing amounts of NaCl for the same OAPB:AOT ratio. The dashed line has been added as a guide. (b) Phase diagram of self-assembled structures for samples with 10 mM OAPB and di erent concentrations of AOT and NaCl at 25◦C. The coloured regions represent speci c structures or mixtures of structures, where `E' is ellipsoid, `C' is cylinder, `W' is wormlike, `V' is vesicle and `L' is lamellar. Note, phase boundaries were chosen as the halfway point between neighbouring data points in di erent phases, and therefore have associated uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-sans-data-and-model-ts-of-pure-oapb-and-aot-19fb31si.png Figure 1: (a) SANS data and model ts of pure OAPB and AOT surfactant solutions (10 mM and 30 mM respectively) and a mixed solution (10 mM OAPB/AOT) with 10 mM NaCl at 25◦C. (b) Schematic showing the chemical structures of OAPB and AOT, and their micellar structures when separate (ellipsoids and worms) and when mixed together in the presence of NaCl (vesicles). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-saxs-data-and-model-ts-of-10-mm-oapb-and-20-mm-276mqzks.png Figure 4: (a) SAXS data and model ts of 10 mM OAPB and 20 mM AOT with 10 mM of the speci ed salt at 25◦C. (b) Scattering length density (SLD) pro les derived from modelling SAXS patterns for 10 mM OAPB and 20 mM AOT with 20 mM NaCl or CsCl using the core multi-shell model with polydispersity in radius of the core.34 0 Å represents the centre of the vesicle. The schematic shows what each layer from the SLD pro les correspond to in the vesicle structure and a proposed partitioning of each surfactant type in the case of a 1:2 OAPB/AOT ratio. (c) Category plot of modelled SLDs for the outer head-group layer with each salt type at 10 and 20 mM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-b-sans-data-and-model-ts-of-10-mm-oapb-and-20-mm-3ur6mpjc.png Figure 3: (a & b) SANS data and model ts of 10 mM OAPB and 20 mM AOT with 3 mM (a) and 10 mM NaCl (b) at 25 and 37◦C. (c) Schematic showing the vesicle to ellipsoid structural change in (a) upon heating from 25 to 37◦C, and its potential as a controlled mechanism for encapsulated compound release. The yellow diamonds represent a hypothetical water-soluble cargo. (d) Phase diagram of self-assembled structure for samples with 10 mM OAPB, 20 mM AOT and di erent concentrations of NaCl at 25 and 37◦C. The coloured regions represent speci c structures or mixtures of structures, where `E' is ellipsoid, `C' is cylinder, `W' is wormlike and `V' is vesicle .Note, phase boundaries were chosen as the halfway point between neighbouring data points in di erent phases, and therefore have associated uncertainty. https://scispace.com/papers/spontaneous-ferromagnetic-spin-ordering-at-the-surface-503nf3ra6y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-grain-size-dependence-of-the-saturated-nonlinear-316ew6n1.png FIG. 6. Grain size dependence of the saturated nonlinear magnetization component moment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-color-online-the-simulated-magnetization-curves-for-2tyn7o50.png FIG. 14. Color online The simulated magnetization curves for the particles with a n H and b n H. Short-dash and dashed lines correspond to the numerical and approximate M H curves for fixed Ha, while the dash-dot line is an average for particle collection with the distribution of Ha as described in the text field h in this case is defined as h=H /Ha + ; solid line in panel a is an equilibrium magnetization described by Eq. 7 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-color-online-potential-energy-cross-sections-u-for-2pmdz7po.png FIG. 13. Color online Potential energy cross sections U , for the case H n with =0 and different values of applied field h=H /Ha. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-temperature-dependence-of-the-magnetization-of-the-as-1gujg0l6.png FIG. 1. Temperature dependence of the magnetization of the as-grown a and annealed in argon b La2CuO4 polycrystalline samples before grinding, Hmeas=1000 Oe. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-magnetization-curves-of-la2cuo4-fine-particle-samples-3ucnx366.png FIG. 4. Magnetization curves of La2CuO4 fine particle samples for different average grain sizes, T=200 K. The lines are guides for the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temperature-variation-of-the-magnetization-curve-of-1m96hs6q.png FIG. 3. Temperature variation of the magnetization curve of the 1.53 m La2CuO4 sample. The lines are the fits with Eq. 1 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-image-of-the-la2cuo4-sample-with-the-average-grain-3w4g7j66.png FIG. 2. SEM image of the La2CuO4 sample with the average grain size of 0.68 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-temperature-variation-of-the-nonlinear-1e2tqn60.png FIG. 5. Color online Temperature variation of the nonlinear magnetization component of 1.53 m La2CuO4 sample. In the inset the temperature dependence of the nonlinear saturated magnetic moment is shown. https://scispace.com/papers/sport-concussion-assessment-tool-third-edition-normative-1zonv2liep 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-normative-ranges-for-scat3-components-in-22451gr0.png Table 2. Normative ranges for SCAT3 components in professional Rugby Union players. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-distribution-of-scat3-component-uogcefrb.png Table 1. Summary of the distribution of SCAT3 component scores. https://scispace.com/papers/spontaneous-symmetry-breaking-in-a-quadratically-driven-1r468mqpou 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-quantities-a-2-and-n-a-a-plotted-as-a-function-2cb7mpuf.png FIG. 2. (a) The quantities |〈â〉|2 and n = 〈â†â〉 plotted as a function of J for G = 3. The horizontal dashed line denotes the symmetric solution ns corresponding to |〈â〉| = 0, and the vertical dashed line marks the fitted critical value Jc = 0.3305. (b) Doublelogarithmic plot of |〈â〉| as a function of J − Jc for three values of G. The dashed lines denote the critical behavior |〈â〉| ∝ |J − Jc|1/2 obtained by fitting the data close to the critical point J = Jc. (c) and (d) Color plot of the Wigner function W (z) computed for G = 3 and for values of J corresponding, respectively, to the symmetric (J = 0.25) and broken-symmetry (J = 0.5) phases. (e) and (f) Trajectories on the (Re(〈â〉),Im(〈â〉)) plane as computed for G = 3 and, respectively, J = 0.25 (a) and J = 0.5 (b). Different trajectories correspond to an initial coherent state |α0〉 for different values of α0, and the arrows indicate the direction of time. Circles denote the initial coherent states, while the squares mark the fixed points reached at steady state. Parameters: = −J,U = η = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-white-line-contour-separating-the-regions-where-max-im-3p9j1p6j.png FIG. 1. White line: Contour separating the regions where max[Im(ωk)]|k < 0 (left) and max[Im(ωk)]|k > 0 (right) on the (J,G) plane. Color plot: The order parameter |〈â〉| computed selfconsistently, at steady state, from the analytical solution of Ref. [25]. Parameters: = −J,U = η = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-white-line-contour-separating-the-regions-where-max-11bjeeu3.png FIG. 3. (a) White line: Contour separating the regions where max[Im(ωk)]|k < 0 and max[Im(ωk)]|k > 0. Color plot: The order parameter |〈â〉| computed self-consistently at steady state. The white circle marks the onset of the bistable region of the phase diagram. (b) Double-logarithmic plot of |〈â〉| as a function of J − Jc for two values of G. The dashed line denotes the critical behavior |〈â〉| ∝ |J − Jc|1/2 for G = 8, obtained by fitting the data close to the critical point J = Jc. (c) and (d) Plots of |〈â〉(t)| and P (t) = Tr[ρ̂2(t)], respectively, as a function of time, for J = 1 and G = 3.7. Different curves correspond to different initial coherent states |α0〉, with α0 = 2.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.1, 0.05. (e) Dispersion of Im(ωk) for the least stable excitation of the symmetric steady state, as computed for three different values of J , and G = 4. Parameters: = 0, U = η = 1. https://scispace.com/papers/sport-in-expressionist-art-cm6dm869qx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-231dobuj.png Fig. 8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-t06e4rhn.png Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1iegnz7i.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-2ly3fabu.png Fig. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1boeqvu3.png Fig 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-7oyfs278.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-83mvv9o1.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/papers/sports-contribution-to-open-communication-in-a-workplace-a-3jr7vq1opf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-benefits-in-the-workplace-when-participating-in-3m1ecbvo.png Table 1. Benefits in the workplace when participating in organisational team sport https://scispace.com/papers/spot-pricing-of-secondary-spectrum-access-in-wireless-4cu3xdxkjq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-profit-regions-for-different-values-of-umax-where-c-20-26jc3arn.png Fig. 5. Profit regions for different values of umax where C = 20 and K = 100. If a (λp, umax) pair lies in the dark-grey area all three pricing policies generate profit. If it lies in the light-grey area only threshold and optimal pricing generate profit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-optimal-prices-for-various-pu-arrival-rates-lp-c-20-k-w5nsarad.png Fig. 2. Optimal prices for various PU arrival rates (λp) . C = 20, K = 100, λs(u) = (10− u)+ and ∆u = 10−6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-revenues-of-optimal-pricing-op-tp-and-sp-and-ratio-2jpz2mnt.png TABLE I REVENUES OF OPTIMAL PRICING (OP), TP, AND SP AND RATIO OF RUN https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-profit-vs-primary-load-lp-for-different-bvkanzch.png Fig. 4. Average profit vs primary load (λp) for different pricing policies. System parameters: C = 20, K = 100, λs(u) = (10e−0.04u 2 −0.1)+ and ∆u = 10−6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-profit-vs-primary-load-lp-for-different-18klay0c.png Fig. 3. Average profit vs primary load (λp) for different pricing policies. System parameters: C = 20, K = 100, λs(u) = (10 − u)+ and ∆u = 10−6. https://scispace.com/papers/spousal-labor-supply-caregiving-and-the-value-of-disability-39fuk0my65 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-ex-ante-insurance-value-of-ssdi-for-married-1w3bq8li.png Table 12: Ex-ante Insurance Value of SSDI for Married Households https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-of-married-men-by-disability-2t8lzxib.png Table 1: Summary Statistics of Married Men by Disability Severity https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-the-effect-of-husbands-disability-onset-on-wives-yrlmnds1.png Table A.1: The Effect of Husbands’ Disability Onset on Wives’ Weekly Hours Worked https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-second-stage-estimates-of-the-model-parameters-ii-2ttda2st.png Table 7: Second Stage Estimates of the Model Parameters II https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-changes-in-weekly-hours-worked-by-onset-year-1bw3bjfw.png Figure 1: Changes in Weekly Hours Worked by Onset Year https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-wives-labor-supply-and-caregiving-responses-to-xijczeun.png Table A.2: Wives’ Labor Supply and Caregiving Responses to their Husbands’ Disability, by Wives’ Labor Force Attachment https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-6-annual-divorce-rates-by-health-status-2zgew6rf.png Table A.6: Annual Divorce Rates by Health Status https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-5-husbands-annual-job-destruction-rates-by-93pemvx7.png Table A.5: Husbands’ Annual Job Destruction Rates by Disability and Education Type https://scispace.com/papers/spray-dried-monocalcium-phosphate-monohydrate-for-soluble-51bmiqor73 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-analysis-of-air-dried-mcpm-by-different-14vykesq.png Table 1. Chemical Analysis of Air Dried MCPM by Different Methods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-thermogram-of-spray-dried-mcpm-left-scale-shows-3qxvos5r.png Figure 1. Thermogram of spray-dried MCPM; left scale shows weight loss, right scale shows heat flow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-31p-nuclear-magnetic-resonance-nmr-spectra-of-3dpl2lbk.png Figure 6. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of spraydried MCPM heated at different temperatures (temperatures are in Kelvin): (a) 31P MAS; (b) 31P CP MAS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-titration-curve-showing-the-two-inflection-points-s54g12z2.png Figure 7. Titration curve showing the two inflection points (EP1 and EP2) used to determine acid concentration. The right scale shows ERC (Equivalence point Recognition Criterion), which is obtained from the derivative of the pH titration curve. V[mL] is the volume of 0.1 M NaOH. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scanning-electron-microscopy-sem-images-of-spray-2h2j0mb2.png Figure 4. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of spray-dried MCPM. The scales are indicated by the bars. The images c and d represent cut samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1h-nuclear-magnetic-resonance-nmr-spectra-of-2v8nd0oa.png Figure 5. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of spraydried MCPM heated at different temperatures (temperatures are in Kelvin). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-infrared-ir-spectra-of-spray-dried-mcpm-heated-at-39cx2sti.png Figure 3. Infrared (IR) spectra of spray-dried MCPM heated at different temperatures (temperatures are in Kelvin). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-x-ray-diffraction-xrd-patterns-of-spray-dried-mcpm-1a279lx8.png Figure 2. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of spray-dried MCPM heated at different temperatures (temperatures are in Kelvin). https://scispace.com/papers/sprouting-search-an-algorithmic-framework-for-asynchronous-43hy9wt3ub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-timing-results-for-an-algorithm-conforming-to-the-1r0bnrhy.png Table 1. Timing results for an algorithm conforming to the framework of algorithm 3. Simulation was stopped after fstop was reached. Values for p = 1 are in seconds, whereas other values represent speedups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-timing-results-in-seconds-for-adding-removing-240zcy8v.png Table 2. Timing results (in seconds) for adding/removing processing units from the cluster while optimization is in progress. https://scispace.com/papers/spring-bloom-succession-grazing-impact-and-herbivore-l5j28vx99o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-size-class-composition-of-ciliate-biomass-lg-c-l-1-25-2elunmxs.png Fig. 2 Size class composition of ciliate biomass (lg C l–1; <25 lm, 25–50 lm, >50 lm) as the mean of duplicate mesocosms and in vivo fluorescence (dashed line) in the mesocosms; treatments: a D6 C; b D4 C; c D2 C; d D0 C https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regressions-of-ciliate-response-variables-on-1khxsk9v.png Table 1 Regressions of ciliate response variables on treatment intensity (DT in C) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ciliate-biomass-lg-c-l-1-solid-lines-and-in-vivo-3b4vm1eh.png Fig. 1 Ciliate biomass (lg C l–1) (solid lines) and in vivo fluorescence of phytoplankton (dashed line) in the mesocosms. Numbers indicate the day of the pre-spring bloom maximum, the spring bloom maximum and the biomass minimum after spring bloom; treatments: a D6 C; b D4 C; c D2 C; d D0 C. Symbols indicate the duplicate mesocosms: triangles (uneven mesocosm numbers), circles (even mesocosm numbers) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-total-grazing-rates-1-day-1-of-ciliates-a-and-of-3d1k8dh2.png Fig. 5 Total grazing rates (1 day–1) of ciliates (a) and of copepods (b) during the pre-spring bloom (open squares) and the spring bloom (closed circles) period in the mesocosms at actual temperatures ( C) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-diversity-index-hc-of-the-ciliate-communities-in-the-3tej6ujp.png Fig. 4 Diversity index (H¢) of the ciliate communities in the mesocosms at D0, D2, D4, and D6 C. Details of the linear regression are shown in the graph https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-taxonomic-composition-of-ciliates-biomass-lg-c-l-1-as-dvldtq5r.png Fig. 3 Taxonomic composition of ciliates biomass (lg C l–1) as the mean of duplicate mesocosms and in vivo fluorescence (dashed line) in the mesocosms; treatments: a D6 C; b D4 C; c D2 C; d D0 C. cf. indicates uncertain species names https://scispace.com/papers/spring-2009-water-mass-distribution-mixing-and-transport-in-kvwpbjhzqm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-order-of-data-collection-by-transect-in-the-2p1m57sm.png Table 1 The order of data collection by transect in the VELTUR09 and ADRIASEISMIC field studies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-as-in-fig-10-but-for-the-ms-vl-line-march-11-during-1p7ycfq3.png Fig. 12. As in Fig. 10, but for the MS VL line (March 11) during ADRIASEISMIC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-as-in-fig-10-but-for-the-s06-line-march-10-during-1zpoo03o.png Fig. 13. As in Fig. 10, but for the S06 line (March 10) during ADRIASEISMIC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-calculated-2009-naddw-and-mliw-across-section-flux-in-18s2e7fk.png Fig. 17. Calculated 2009 NAdDW and MLIW across-section flux (in Sv) for the GS line (March 5–6) during the ADRIASEISMIC experiment. Positive values indicate fluxes towards the northwest and negative values fluxes towards the southeast. The solid vertical lines denote the locations of the LADCP casts. Note that the absence of data above 40 m depth is due to the lack of statistically significant LADCP data there. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-as-in-fig-17-but-for-the-s06-line-march-10-during-the-2xpxi509.png Fig. 18. As in Fig. 17, but for the S06 line (March 10) during the ADRIASEISMIC experiment. Note that the absence of data above ∼35 m depth is due to the lack of accurate velocity data there. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-depth-averaged-2009-naddw-source-water-fractions-2zy0xbjt.png Fig. 4. Depth-averaged 2009 NAdDW source water fractions during the VELTUR09 experiment. Each dot represents the depth-averaged source water fraction (from 0 to 1) for each CTD station of the experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-as-in-fig-4-but-for-mliw-source-water-fractions-during-vp0j0oqc.png Fig. 5. As in Fig. 4, but for MLIW source water fractions during the VELTUR09 experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-as-in-fig-10-but-for-the-vl-line-march-7-during-190z8kqd.png Fig. 11. As in Fig. 10, but for the VL line (March 7) during ADRIASEISMIC. https://scispace.com/papers/spurious-complexity-and-common-standards-in-markets-for-3at0t4nq6z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-implications-of-the-mes-assumption-2z32qfc3.png Figure 1: Implications of the MES assumption https://scispace.com/papers/spurious-electrons-in-electron-spectrometers-and-their-3n7tkmt7he 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-response-functions-of-electrostatic-analyzers-to-3fd72mr2.png FIG. 1. Response functions of electrostatic analyzers to monoenergetic electrons of energyW8. W is the pass energy of the analyzer.~a! Measurements on a 127° cylindrical analyzer with 5.7% full width at half-maximum resolution. ~b! Measurements on a parallel-plate analyzer with 4.6% resolution. ~c! An idealized response curve with 2% resolution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-diagram-of-the-energy-spectrum-of-electrons-3gzj6wcb.png FIG. 2. Schematic diagram of the energy spectrum of electrons at a fixed angle resulting from electron impact on a target gas. The continuum consists of scattered incident electrons, which have lost energy to ionization in addition to secondary electrons ejected from the target. The single line at T-E represents the infinite number of lines resulting from electrons that have lost energy by excitation to various states of the target. The line atT is the elastic peak. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-same-as-fig-6-for-electrons-ejected-at-130deg-2dzss9zl.png FIG. 7. Same as Fig. 6 for electrons ejected at 130°. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-total-cross-sections-for-ionization-elastic-scattering-rpkik5o3.png FIG. 3. Total cross sections for ionization, elastic scattering, and excitation in e21He collisions used in the calculation of the effects of analyzer contamination. https://scispace.com/papers/spurious-response-suppression-in-hairpin-filter-using-dms-5fjgpnv1gx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-proposed-filter-structure-l0-5-1mm-l1-19-1785mm-2ihx0icd.png Figure 6. The proposed filter structure (L0 = 5.1mm, L1 = 19.1785mm, L2 =mm, ∆L = 0.4763mm, w0 = 1.84mm, w1 = 1.35mm, w2 = 0.98mm, w3 = 1.075 mm, s1 = 0.26 mm, s2 = 0.321mm, dc = 4.2mm). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-resonant-frequency-and-dimensions-d-and-l-of-dms-25nrix5i.png Table 1. Resonant frequency and dimensions d and L of DMS resonators which are merged in filter structure in Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-image-of-fabricated-proposed-filter-2tzz7vkl.png Figure 8. Image of fabricated proposed filter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-between-the-simulated-responses-of-2vjnme1y.png Figure 7. Comparison between the simulated responses of hairpin filter with and without DMSs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-between-measured-and-full-wave-simulated-8oan59i7.png Figure 9. Comparison between measured and full-wave simulated frequency responses of proposed and conventional structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-configuration-of-unit-cell-dms-resonator-3o22fv91.png Figure 1. Configuration of unit cell DMS resonator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dms-model-parameters-with-radiation-and-temperature-27542nkk.png Figure 2. DMS model parameters with radiation and temperature losses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-the-circuit-model-response-and-full-3qkfgih2.png Figure 3. Comparison of the circuit model response and full-wave simulated result. https://scispace.com/papers/squandering-australia-s-food-security-the-environmental-and-3pxvvzrh2h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-aggregate-economic-wealth-measured-with-an-1rs9z0n7.png Figure 14. (a) Aggregate economic wealth measured with an estimate of GDP continues to grow, (b) but at a slowing rate. Consequently, since population grows faster, average personal wealth estimated by GDP per capita falls in The Path We’re On scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-surface-water-availability-solid-3hjmo0mi.png Figure 8 Comparison of surface water availability (solid lines) with extractions (dashed lines) for Australian capital cities (a) Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, (b) Adelaide, Hobart, Darwin, and (c) the Murray Darling Basin (which incorporates Canberra). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-selected-scenario-settings-affecting-sectors-beyond-zm0tgpma.png Figure 6. Selected scenario settings affecting sectors beyond agriculture (a) mineral production, and (b) electricity generated by type of power station fuel (renewable sources have been stacked due to the relatively minor contribution of each type). (NB: some of these settings are intermediate output variables in the ASFF and not technically inputs variables.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-financial-impact-of-the-australian-diet-in-2025-2qklpqtf.png Table 3 The financial impact of the Australian diet in 2025 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-a-australia-s-international-investment-position-2a6p7f9n.png Figure 15. (a) Australia's international investment position (debt, both private and public) grows to unsustainable levels over the coming decades of The Path We're On scenario. (b) Net international money flow to Australia; although international inflows of currency are substantial for Australia’s export of primary materials, these are insufficient to offset outflows for a range of imports (as well as travel and money owned by overseas interests). Consequently, the debt grows larger, as do interest payments despite historically low interest rates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-food-consumed-per-capita-indexed-to-2006-value-at-2v1unxp0.png Figure 4. Food consumed per capita, indexed to 2006 value (at the end of the historical calibration), for the different ASFF food categories: (a) crops, (b) livestock products, and (c) seafood. Historical data has been smoothed (using a 10 year window). Scenario projections for each food category were generated from a model of increasing prevalence of the overweight & obese cohort, which has a different food consumption rate from the non-overweight cohort. https://scispace.com/papers/squares-of-low-clique-number-x6gbtvi72a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-known-results-for-square-root-restricted-to-some-183gi8zd.png Table 1 The known results for Square Root restricted to some special graph class. https://scispace.com/papers/squaric-acid-a-valuable-scaffold-for-developing-yu9zbdn4nx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-papain-inhibition-and-antiplasmodial-activity-for-1u4l5n1r.png Table 2 Papain inhibition and antiplasmodial activity for compounds 11d–h https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-structure-of-squaric-acid-derivatives-114p7g50.png Fig. 1 General structure of squaric acid derivatives synthesized. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-examples-of-squaric-derivatives-from-the-gsk-library-3fnvcv4c.png Fig. 2 Examples of squaric derivatives from the GSK library. https://scispace.com/papers/squaring-the-circle-the-cultural-relativity-of-good-shape-50t4q3fnhm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1a-the-21-shapes-used-in-set-1-7-each-for-square-wl9kbdqe.png Figure 1A. The 21 shapes used in Set 1 (7 each for square, circle, triangle). (a) the https://scispace.com/papers/sr-snort-ipv6-segment-routing-aware-ids-ips-325axute5j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sr-snort-architecture-nmz11trx.png Fig. 3: SR-Snort architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-snort-architecture-3attmq6z.png Fig. 2: Snort architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sr-snort-demo-1zmzajfb.png Fig. 4: SR-Snort demo https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-srv6-encapsulated-packet-3oxavj35.png Fig. 1: SRv6 encapsulated packet https://scispace.com/papers/squeezing-enhances-quantum-synchronization-241z5y0bzk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bifurcation-of-the-wigner-function-for-column-a-g-e-g1-2kn46ocp.png FIG. 2. Bifurcation of the Wigner function. For column (a)–(g) η=γ1 ¼ 0, for column (b)–(h) η=γ1 ¼ 1, and for column (c)–(i) η=γ1 ¼ 3. Row (a)–(c): Undriven vdP when F=γ1 ¼ 0, Δ=γ1 ¼ 0. Squeezing acts to split the Wigner function into two localized lobes symmetric around ImðαÞ ¼ 0. Row (d)–(f): F=γ1 ¼ 1, Δ=γ1 ¼ 0. Similar to the undriven case, the oscillator displays symmetric bifurcation with increasing η. The difference is that the oscillator develops a definite preferred phase when η=γ1 ¼ 0. Row (g)–(i): F=γ1 ¼ 1, Δ=γ1 ¼ 1. Detuning breaks the symmetry of the above two cases as one of the lobes of the Wigner function nearly completely vanishes. All plots are in the regime of a few excitations γ2=γ1 ¼ 3, and squeezing is along the position quadrature θ ¼ 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-classical-phase-plane-diagram-a-e-g1-1-4-0-b-e-g1-1-4-49kjl7io.png FIG. 1. Classical phase plane diagram. (a) η=γ1 ¼ 0, (b) η=γ1 ¼ 1, and (c) η=γ1 ¼ 1.5; the blue and orange curves show R- and ϕ-nullclines, respectively. For a small squeezing parameter, only a single fixed point exists (solid black circle), while for large enough η=γ1, two new fixed points are created, one unstable (empty white circle) and one stable as displayed in (c) and discussed in the main text. The other parameters are F=γ1 ¼ 1, Δ=γ1 ¼ 1, θ ¼ π=4, and γ2=γ1 ¼ 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-entrainment-of-squeezing-and-harmonically-driven-vdp-kbervbgw.png FIG. 3. Entrainment of squeezing- and harmonically driven vdP. Ratio of dissipative processes for all subplots is γ2=γ1 ¼ 3. (a) Four slices of the Arnold tongue at various squeezing parameters η show that squeezing produces stronger entrainment when compared with a harmonic drive, shown in (b). (c),(d) Power spectrum SðωÞ when Δ=γ1 ¼ 0.3. Stronger squeezing produces narrower frequency distribution, while the harmonic drive has the opposite effect and causes broadening. This is highlighted by the solid black lines representing FWHM σ of SðωÞ in (e) and (g). The shaded regions of (e) and (f) mark where QM (dashed orange line) is negative. (f) Harmonic drive, on the other hand, produces a steady state of vdP for which QM is negative for all considered values of F. https://scispace.com/papers/squid-detected-fmr-resonance-in-single-crystalline-and-300gmkqxqm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-vna-fmr-resonant-peaks-for-a-single-crystal-yig-sphere-2o6lnrda.png FIG. 8. VNA-FMR resonant peaks for a single crystal YIG sphere in a nominal 150 mT applied magnetic field. Strong coupling of the electrostatic modes of the microstrip with the resonant mode leads to splitting and linewidth broadening, as observed in the 5 K spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-dependence-of-the-squid-output-on-the-input-power-for-1hbsnfes.png FIG. 10. Dependence of the SQUID output on the input power for (a) polycrystalline and (b) single crystal YIG is quadratic (on a linear microwave field scale) as expected from the cosine expansion at small angles. The secondary y-axis shows the corresponding change of macrospin moment projection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-dependence-of-the-resonant-frequency-on-the-external-2wfel0u8.png FIG. 9. Dependence of the resonant frequency on the external perpendicular field for the single crystal sphere, where demagnetising fields are reduced in comparison with the rectangular cuboid sample. The resonant frequencies are determined by recording the position of the maximum amplitude of the experimental data for each applied magnetic field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-26-squid-voltage-as-a-function-of-the-chopping-frequency-1hg6i3av.png FIG. 26. SQUID voltage as a function of the chopping frequency of the GHz excitation for the single crystal YIG sphere. Again, three regimes are displayed: thermal (0.1–2 Hz), athermal ∆mz (5 Hz–2 kHz), and the flux-locked loop cutoff. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-squid-output-voltage-as-a-function-of-the-chopping-3egiyvij.png FIG. 25. SQUID output voltage as a function of the chopping frequency of the GHz excitation for the polycrystalline cuboid. Three regimes are displayed: thermal (1–20 Hz) where resonant heating changes the projection of mz , athermal ∆mz (50 Hz–2 kHz) where the change in the projection during resonant absorption is directly measured, and the flux-locked loop cutoff. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-dependence-of-both-the-vna-fmr-measured-reflected-2qwkdcyi.png FIG. 11. Dependence of both the VNA-FMR measured reflected amplitude and, on a secondary y-axis, the SQUID output voltage on the applied excitation frequency in a nominal µ0H = 50 mT field for the polycrystalline YIG. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-relationship-between-the-resonant-frequency-and-the-2exwko7z.png FIG. 14. Relationship between the resonant frequency and the applied field shown by athermal absolute SQUID detection for the single-crystal YIG sphere. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-resonant-frequency-ghz-as-a-function-of-applied-1dd2r6y6.png FIG. 12. Resonant frequency (GHz) as a function of applied magnetic field for both absolute SQUID and VNA-FMR detection for the polycrystalline YIG. https://scispace.com/papers/sr-and-o-isotopes-in-western-aleutian-seafloor-lavas-26w0y31wt3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-aleutian-whole-rock-compositions-large-open-symbols-3buqmdq7.png Fig. 2. Aleutian whole-rock compositions. Large, open symbols are western Aleutian seafloor lavas from Yogodzinski et al. (2015). Gray symbols are published data for samples from emergent Aleutian volcanoes collected at locations from the western tip of the Alaska Peninsula to Buldir Island (Fig. 1). These data are from the compilation of Kelemen et al. (2003b) updated to include more recently published data. (a) FeO*/MgO versus SiO2 with right vertical axis showing Mg# calculated on a molar basis and total iron as Fe2+ . The black diagonal line across the plot is the calc-alkaline (CA) – tholeiitic (TH) discriminant line of Miyashiro (1974). (b) 87Sr/86Sr and (c) Sr abundance. Strontium isotope data are from Table 1. Complete major element and trace element data (except for SO249 samples) are available in Yogodzinski et al. (2015). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-whole-rock-87sr-86sr-in-aleutian-volcanic-rocks-and-2lmp0yws.png Fig. 6. Whole-rock 87Sr/86Sr in Aleutian volcanic rocks and sediment versus Y/Sr with source-mixing characteristics. Aleutian sediments are published data. Sediment melt Y–Sr ratios are model compositions (Yogodzinski et al., 2015) calculated from Aleutian sediment and using results of sediment-melting experiments (Hermann and Rubatto, 2009; Skora and Blundy, 2010). Fluids from altered oceanic crust (AOC – blue bar) are model compositions with Y/Sr < 0.02 calculated with 5–15% fluid extraction using partitioning data from experiments at 700◦ and 800 ◦C and 4 GPa by Kessel et al. (2005). The fluid source rock is seawater-altered basalt (Sr = 120, Y = 37.3 ppm) which is an average Pacific MORB from Gale et al. (2013) adjusted for seawater alteration using enrichment factors from the Site 801 super-composite of Kelley et al. (2003). Fluid 87Sr/86Sr values from 0.7035 to 0.7050 are similar to widely reported compositions for seawater-altered basalt (e.g., Alt et al., 1996; Staudigel, 2003). Eclogite melts (green bar) are model compositions with Y–Sr ratios <0.002 calculated as 5–10% melts with partitioning data from Kessel et al. (2005) at 900 ◦C and 4 GPa. The eclogite melt component has 87Sr/86Sr < 0.7029 as expected for Pacific MORB + modest seawater alteration as discussed in the text. MORB and DMM and other data sources are as in Fig. 3. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-whole-rock-87sr-86sr-in-aleutian-volcanic-rocks-and-4trj9zro.png Fig. 7. Whole-rock 87Sr/86Sr in Aleutian volcanic rocks and sediment versus Nd/Sr with source-mixing characteristics. Fluids from altered oceanic crust (AOC – blue bar) are model compositions with 0.008 < Nd/Sr < 0.016 calculated with 5–15% fluid extraction using partitioning data from experiments at 700◦ and 800 ◦C and 4 GPa by Kessel et al. (2005). The fluid source rock is seawater-altered basalt (Sr = 120, Nd = 11.3 ppm) determined as in Fig. 7. Eclogite melts (green bar) are model compositions with 0.013 < Nd/Sr < 0.019 calculated as 5–10% melts with partitioning data from Kessel et al. (2005) at 900 ◦C and 4 GPa. Other data sources and modeling parameters are as in Fig. 6. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-whole-rock-87sr-86sr-in-aleutian-volcanic-rocks-and-3fo32qai.png Fig. 8. Whole-rock 87Sr/86Sr in Aleutian volcanic rocks and sediment versus Ba/Th with source-mixing characteristics. Mixtures with depleted MORB mantle use values from Salters and Stracke (2003). Fluids from altered oceanic crust (AOC – blue bar) are model compositions extracted from seawater-altered basalt (Ba = 24, Th = 0.34 ppm) determined as in Fig. 6. Mixing end-member ‘x’ is a 5% fluid at 800 ◦C with 208 ppm Ba and 0.513 ppm Th. The total range for Ba/Th in the AOC fluids is 710–2807 based on 5–15% fluid extraction. The sediment mixing end-members are turbidites from DSDP178 (Ba/Th = 232, Th = 4.38 ppm) and DSDP183 (Ba/Th = 112, Th = 6.63). Eclogite melts (green bar) are model compositions with Ba/Th calculated as 5–10% melts using partitioning data from Kessel et al. (2005) at 900◦ and 4 GPa. Other data sources and modeling parameters are as in Fig. 6. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-whole-rock-end-versus-87sr-86sr-in-aleutian-volcanic-36rqreq8.png Fig. 9. Whole-rock εNd versus 87Sr/86Sr in Aleutian volcanic rocks and sediment with source-mixing characteristics. Dashed lines are mixtures with an average bulk sediment composition with Sr = 235 ppm, Nd = 19.0 ppm, 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7068, and εNd =−0.2. The depleted mantle mixing end-member has Nd and Sr concentrations from Salters and Stracke (2003) with 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7025 and εNd = 11.2, similar to northeast Pacific MORB (Gale et al., 2013). The eclogite melt end-member is an average western Aleutian dacite with Sr = 1470 ppm, Nd = 11.5 ppm, 87Sr/86Sr = 0.70262 and εNd = 9.5 (Yogodzinski et al., 2015). The AOC fluid mixing end-member is a model composition with Sr = 42.2 ppm and Nd = 0.652 ppm, based on a 5% fluid and partitioning from 4 GPa experiments at 800 ◦C from Kessel et al. (2005). The fluid has 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7040 based on typical seawater-altered basalt and εNd = 11.2 like northeast Pacific MORB (Gale et al., 2013). Other data sources and modeling parameters are as in Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-aleutian-whole-rock-isotopes-compared-with-published-snb7ivmi.png Fig. 4. Aleutian whole-rock isotopes compared with published Pacific MORB data. (a) εNd versus 87Sr/86Sr. (b) 207Pb/204Pb versus 87Sr/86Sr. Data sources except Pacific MORB are the same as in Figs. 3–4. Pacific MORB data are from published sources. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mineral-oxygen-isotope-ratios-d18oolivine-in-western-1xnw41rk.png Fig. 5. Mineral oxygen isotope ratios (δ18Oolivine) in western Aleutian seafloor lavas versus whole-rock SiO2 (a), 87Sr/86Sr (b), La/Yb (c) and Sr/Y (d). Oxygen isotope data are from Table 2. For amphibole samples the δ18Oolivine is the measured δ18O value form Table 2 minus 0.40 to produce an approximate olivine-equivalent composition (Bindeman et al., 2005). Whole-rock 87Sr/86Sr data are from Table 1. Other data are from Yogodzinski et al. (2015). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-whole-rock-87sr-86sr-in-aleutian-volcanic-rocks-versus-2lmh9z3h.png Fig. 3. Whole-rock 87Sr/86Sr in Aleutian volcanic rocks versus Sr (a), Hf/Lu (b), La/Ta (c) and La/Yb (d). In each panel, the trace element ratios on the horizontal axes places the eclogite-melt source component in the lower-right of the plots and depleted mantle and MORB in the lower-left. Sediment and seawater altered oceanic crust generally have 87Sr/86Sr > 0.7038 and so are off-scale in the upper left. Data for Piip Seamount, located in the westernmost Aleutians (Fig. 1) are from Yogodzinski et al. (1994) and include pre-Piip (Komandor Series) samples. Other data sources are the same as in Fig. 3. MORB is the average of Juan de Fuca Ridge (northeast Pacific) data (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7025, La = 5.75 ppm, Yb = Y, Hf = 2.81, Lu = 0.519, Ta = 0.445, Sr = 134, Y = 34.3) from Gale et al. (2013). Average DMM trace elements are from Salters and Stracke (2003) with 87Sr/86Sr also reflecting Juan de Fuca MORB. https://scispace.com/papers/sri-lanka-s-rural-non-farm-economy-removing-constraints-to-10qu28u5eu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-household-and-community-characteristics-z3burhz2.png Table 2. Household and community characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-key-constraints-for-different-types-of-enterprises-3awerazi.png Table 3. Key constraints for different types of enterprises https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-determinants-of-total-factor-productivity-dfewsd68.png Table 7: Determinants of total factor productivity https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-determinants-of-new-enterprise-investment-2rgrua0w.png Table 6. Determinants of new enterprise investment https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-enterprise-characteristics-across-regions-2t95yo6j.png Table 1. Enterprise characteristics across regions https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-income-inequality-and-enterprise-density-3m4pcsxy.png Table 5. Income Inequality and Enterprise Density https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-determinants-of-starting-up-a-non-farm-enterprises-27ltyap2.png Table 4. Determinants of Starting up a Non-farm Enterprises https://scispace.com/papers/srm-center-for-professional-education-and-development-23a7z7rosc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-approximate-locations-of-the-fi-ve-desert-regions-opm7f0df.png Figure 1. Approximate locations of the fi ve desert regions addressed in the conference. https://scispace.com/papers/srnl-crp-progress-report-development-of-melt-processed-4h1w7fwsw6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-summary-of-crystalline-phases-determined-from-x-68qa1e93.png Table 4-2. Summary of Crystalline phases determined from X-ray Diffraction XRD measurements and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy EDAX elemental analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-normalized-cs-release-for-fe-hol-ba1-0cs0-3fe2-2bfjyez0.png Figure 4-5. Normalized Cs release for Fe-Hol: Ba1.0Cs0.3Fe2.3Ti5.7O16 (Fe), CAF-Hol: Ba1.0Cs0.3Cr1.0Al0.3Fe1.0Ti5.7O16 (CAF), and, Cr-Hol: Ba1.0Cs0.3Cr2.3Ti5.7O16 (Cr). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-sem-back-scattered-detector-bsd-digital-images-of-3acdbfgm.png Figure 4-1. SEM back scattered detector (BSD) digital images of single phase hollandite samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-a-cr-and-b-fe-xanes-and-exafs-spectra-of-caf-hol-9tnbws0k.png Figure 4-4. a) Cr and b) Fe XANES and EXAFS spectra of CAF-Hol: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-sem-micrograph-and-corresponding-area-map-of-caf-1rfwj8ty.png Figure 5-2. SEM micrograph and corresponding area map of CAF-MP sample processed in 1%H2 with added Ti/TiO2 after cooling showing phase assemblage. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-projected-and-re-normalized-waste-composition-1c09goow.png Table 3-1. Projected and re-normalized waste composition targeted in this study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-xrd-patterns-for-multiphase-ceramic-compositions-1kmpq5gw.png Figure 5-1. XRD patterns for multiphase ceramic compositions processed under varying conditions. The hollandite, perovskite, and pyrochlore phases were primarily identified via one of the three patterns shown. Additional phase were identified and are labeled in individual patterns. P’) perovskite-type; Y’) pyrochlore-type; R) TiO2 – 00-021-1276; B) Ba7Al2O10 – 00-041-0164; F)BaFe12O19 – 00-039-1433; I)FeO – 00-046-1312; A)Al2O3 – 00-046-1212; (S)Sr3Mo2O7 – 00-052- 1252. Unidentified peaks are labeled “u”. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-hrtem-image-of-caf-sph-melted-in-air-without-ti-28jkznkw.png Figure 4-2. HRTEM image of CAF-SPH melted in Air without Ti/TiO2 (inset SAD indexed https://scispace.com/papers/srnl-review-and-assessment-of-wtp-ufp-02-sparger-design-and-48j7dabtza 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wtp-ufp-02-bubbler-and-air-sparger-dischargeerror-2xzxhgmv.png Figure 1. WTP UFP-02 Bubbler and Air Sparger DischargeError! Bookmark not defined.,32 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ufp-02-steam-sparger-ring-320rxh2x.png Figure 3. UFP-02 Steam Sparger Ring https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-air-sparger-used-in-medium-scale-tests2-1t5znge7.png Figure A.1. Air Sparger used in Medium-Scale Tests2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-bubblers-37zj67hu.png Table 1. Comparison of Bubblers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-alternative-steam-sparger-designs-32x1eyoj.png Figure 2. Alternative Steam Sparger Designs https://scispace.com/papers/st-ain-and-strain-relief-in-gd-0001-thin-films-on-mo-112-4ab0pek80e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-misfit-of-two-crystals-in-1lhcixxz.png Fig. 1. Schematic representation of misfit of two crystals in the simple case of a one dimensional model with unequal lattice spacingsa andb. We propose that unstrained Gd(0001) grows on strained Gd(0001) through such or similar mechanism. https://scispace.com/papers/ssares-secure-searchable-automated-remote-email-storage-eitjcg1jr8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graphs-for-email-production-kd94a8mz.png Figure 2. Graphs for Email Production https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effects-of-the-bloom-filter-37b7p5v8.png Figure 5. Effects of the Bloom Filter https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-graphs-for-query-production-17mrs96r.png Figure 3. Graphs for Query Production https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-graphs-for-overall-searching-on-the-subject-without-m2mfvopk.png Figure 4. Graphs for Overall Searching on the Subject without Alpha Sorting https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ssares-design-diagrams-3ku7ubm2.png Figure 1. SSARES Design Diagrams https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-search-speed-comparison-with-alpha-sorting-1z32p0fo.png Figure 6. Search Speed Comparison with Alpha-Sorting https://scispace.com/papers/stability-analysis-and-bandwidth-estimation-of-free-carrier-45uafzmdac 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-numerical-simulations-confirm-that-a-different-1jibo65v.png Fig. 3 Numerical simulations confirm that a different dynamics is being played for different parameter spaces of and X in presence of nonlinear losses. Inset shows the final pulses in time domain. c2=0.0005, Q2=0.93, C2=29.81, K2=7.5, d3=0.1 (at 0~1.56m). c3=6.31, Q3=0.087, C3=0.049, K3=4.9 (at0~ 2.4m). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-effect-of-3-rd-order-dispersion-and-b-tpa-fca-fcd-on-168s2gft.png Fig. 2 (a) Effect of 3 rd order dispersion and (b) TPA, FCA-FCD on sY=2.5, =7.5, Q2=1, K=0.05, C2=0.1, c2=0.05 taken. For Si at wavelength<2.2m TPA is even higher to yield ~–100 for the entire range [0-6] shown here. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-kerr-tilts-for-the-steady-state-solutions-of-eq-1-in-1yyhxt8d.png Fig. 1. (a) Kerr-tilts for the steady-state solutions of Eq. (1) in the absence of nonlinear losses (blue curves) and in presence of TPA (red-curves). (b) Kerrtilts in presence of TPA, 3PA, 4PA, FCA and FCD. https://scispace.com/papers/stabilities-of-some-rare-earth-malonato-chelate-species-in-5fwm5ozxjv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-dia9ram-of-circuit-sed-in-monitoring-currentqj-in-3ds6mvdo.png Figure 20. Dia9ram of circuit ~sed in monitoring currentQj in transference number determinations by the https://scispace.com/figures/table-io-first-ste-r-formation-constants-for-dysprosium-2nmk5hbb.png Table Io. First ste~r~formation constants for dysprosium dimethylrnalonate- at 0.01 and 0.004 molar with calculated range of ± three standard deviations https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-acid-dis-ociation-constants-2hohmvul.png Table 6. Acid dis~ociation constants~ https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3bh0u303.png Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figures-2-3-and-4-give-a-sample-titration-curve-ee530t0m.png Figures 2, 3, and 4 give a sample titration curve https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-lnverse-of-the-equivalent-conductance-versus-the-wsxrac4r.png Figure 12. lnverse of the equivalent conductance versus the product of equivalent conductance and equivalent concentration for the first step in the https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-preparation-for-determination-of-extent-of-1qnctltp.png Table 1. Sample preparation for determination of extent "of complexation between neodymium ions and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-transference-number-versus-molar-concentration-for-2us1r916.png Figure 23. Transference·number"versus molar concentration for TbC1 3 in methanol https://scispace.com/papers/stabilisation-of-intertidal-cobbles-and-gravels-by-2sjujfwy0d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-view-looking-across-the-lithic-boulder-dominated-32odyf02.png Fig. 1 a View looking across the lithic boulder dominated intertidal zone at Stingaree Reef, Dunk Island. Note the clear elevational control on the colonisation of lithic substrates by G. aspera and the imbricated nature of many of the clasts. Photo taken at close to LAT. b Detail showing initial colonisation of lithic substrates by G. aspera. Note that partial over-growth of adjacent lithic clasts is already occurring. c More complete overgrowth of boulders and cobbles by G. aspera and the meniscus bridge-type structures that develop between adjacent clasts. d Extensive overgrowth of lithic boulders such that the thin G. aspera colonies form a veneer of skeleton over the clasts. Scale bars in cm https://scispace.com/papers/stability-analysis-of-a-bulk-surface-reaction-model-for-2wrnisijpf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-temporal-evolution-and-pattern-formation-a-spatial-3go1zbn8.png FIGURE 6. Temporal Evolution and pattern formation (A) Spatial distribution of the monomeric component (a1) at different non-dimensional times. At t = 0, a random perturbation of magnitude ε = 10−10 is applied to the unstable homogeneous steadystate. At t = 0.099, a small gradient emerges until t = 0.114 and t = 0.119 when the high-concentration domains begin to coalesce. At t = 0.159, the system converges to the single-patch profile. Finally, at t = 1, we show the single-patch steady-state with a final concentration gradient from 0.001 to 12 a.u. In this figure, we consider N = 2, k0 = 0.025, and kb = 2.5 such that a single steady-state becomes unstable under nonhomogeneous perturbations ((k0, kb) belongs to Region 1 in Figure 5). The steady-state is given by a∗1 = 0.3817 , a ∗ 2 = 0.1457, and u ∗ = 0.9806. A supplemental movie for panel (A) can be found in supplemental file F1. (B) Evolution of (Iεj )(t) that gives the single-patch area Sεj for N = 2 and N = 3 (see text for details). Inset: a single-patch final configuration. Parameter values: R = 1, U = A = 13, γ = 1000, d2 = d3 = 0.1, k0 = 0.0161, km = 1, k2 = 0.4409. Top: N = 2, kb = 1. Bottom: N = 3, kb = 10, kg = km, k3 = k2. Initial conditions: a1(0) = 0.0918, a2(0) = 0.0191, a3(0) = 0, u(0) = 2.6099. (C) For N = 2 and N = 3, we plot the final normalized aj concentrations on a geodesic curve parametrized by arc-length. As the oligomer index j increases, the distribution and maximum value of aj becomes tighter and higher (inset), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-bulk-surface-compartmental-model-for-protein-16oqlkev.png FIGURE 1. A bulk-surface compartmental model for protein aggregation. As proteins approach the surface they can associate and then oligomerize. This oligomerization then drives further membrane association of monomers. Arrows represent a state change of u to a; the dotted line shows the ‘catalytic’ feedback of aN to u and a. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-parameter-regions-of-bistability-and-linear-3mm0t70m.png FIGURE 3. Parameter Regions of Bistability and Linear Instability (N = 2 and N = 3) We scan the reaction rates for different parameter values. In the top, the parameter regions in the k0×kb plane where the system exhibits bistability under homogeneous perturbations. In the bottom, Regions 0, 1, 2, and 3 divide the k0 × kb plane according to the number of unstable steady-states under non-homogeneous perturbations for the eigenmode l = 1 (see text for details). (A) N = 2, d2 = 0.1, γ = 1000, and j = 1. (B) N = 3, d2 = d3 = 0.1, γ = 1000, and j = 1. The kb values that promote linear instability are significantly higher for N = 3 compared to the case N = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-change-of-the-cell-radius-and-single-patch-area-we-1c3souoz.png FIGURE 7. Change of the cell radius and single-patch area. We quantify the percentage of the total area and the dimensional area (see text for details), for various radius R ranging from 0.5 to 5. The R value was changed in the non-dimensional system with a fixed concentration (U ) through variations in Γ, γ, A, k̂0, k̂m, and k̂g . (A) We quantify the Patch size for the N = 2 case (red; open circles), then normalized against the total area of the sphere (black; closed circles). As the radius increases, the patch size increases approximately linearly, but the percent area decreases rapidly. (B) The same simulation for N = 3. As the radius increases the patch size increases, but the total percent area still decreases. Between cases, we observe the same general qualitative properties for single-patch area percentage and dimensional area. The major differences arise in the absolute values, as N = 3 creates larger patches. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-changing-the-diffusion-coefficient-and-the-1ictfkpm.png FIGURE 4. Changing the diffusion coefficient and the eigenmode of the LaplaceBeltrami operator for N = 2. (A) For d2 = 1, we show a zoomed plot of the interface of the Regions 1 and 2. Most of the (k0, kb) in the rectangle [0.01, 1.4] × [1, 10] belongs to the Region 0, where the system is stable under non-homogeneous perturbations. However, by decreasing d2 to 0.5 and further to 0.1, the Region 1 (in orange) significanly increases, which means that the system exhibits a larger instability region for lower d2 values. In this figure, we fix γ = 10 and j = 1 as the eigenmode index. (B) Linear instability Region 1 for eigenmode index values l = 2, 6, and 8. For l = 2, the system is unstable under non-homogeneous perturbations for most (k0, kb) values above the diagonal of the rectangle [0.01, 2]× [1, 10]. As l increases, Region 1 (in orange) significantly decreases. Therefore, we can analyze the instability of the system by exploring only the first eigenmode, since Region 1 does not expand as l increases. In this figure, we fix γ = 100 and d2 = 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-linear-instability-and-pattern-formation-n-2-we-38ty4tuw.png FIGURE 5. Linear Instability and Pattern Formation (N = 2). We exhibit the stability analysis colormap for eigenmode index l = 1 and the final spatial profile of the a1 component. We consider four (k0, kb) values from Regions 0, 1, 2, and 3, which are colored in light-yellow, orange, red or black, respectively. For Regions 1, 2, and 3, we observe the emergence of a single-patch spatially heterogeneous steady-state which is consistent across parameter regions in terms of its circular shape and concentration gradient. For Region 0, we do not observe a pattern formation for this particular eigenmode. In this figure, d2 = 0.1, γ = 1000, km = k2 = 1. steady-state values. Region 0: a∗1 = 0.0812, a ∗ 2 = 0.0066, u ∗ = 2.7168. Region 1: a∗1 = 0.3817 , a ∗ 2 = 0.1457 , u∗ = 0.9806. Region 2: a∗1 = 0.2759, a ∗ 2 = 0.0761, u ∗ = 1.7155. Region 3: a∗1 = 0.1107, a ∗ 2 = 0.0123, u ∗ = 2.5942 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-steady-states-and-parameter-regions-for-bistability-2p5ciwv4.png FIGURE 2. Steady-states and Parameter Regions for Bistability (N = 2). (A) The value of k0 = 0.015 is fixed, while kb ranges from 1 to 3.5. We then compute the steady-states, which are the solution of (3.2). The single steady-state branches are shown in red and blue, respectively, while the bistable branch is shown in black. The dark-grey rectangle illustrates the emergence of bistability, and the dashed black arrows indicate the stable steady-states. (B) Bistability region for k0 ∈ [0.01, 0.03] with k0 = 0.015 marked. The dark gray region contains the kb values for which the system admits a bistability region. The single steady-state regions are indicated in light-gray. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-analysis-of-a-bulk-surface-reaction-model-for-4mxe3k0b6m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-temporal-evolution-and-pattern-formation-a-spatial-2xim0oqs.png FIGURE 6. Temporal Evolution and pattern formation (A) Spatial distribution of the monomeric component (a1) at different non-dimensional times. At t = 0, a random perturbation of magnitude ε = 10−10 is applied to the unstable homogeneous steadystate. At t = 0.099, a small gradient emerges until t = 0.114 and t = 0.119 when the high-concentration domains begin to coalesce. At t = 0.159, the system converges to the single-patch profile. Finally, at t = 1, we show the single-patch steady-state with a final concentration gradient from 0.001 to 12 a.u. In this figure, we consider N = 2, k0 = 0.025, and kb = 2.5 such that a single steady-state becomes unstable under nonhomogeneous perturbations ((k0, kb) belongs to Region 1 in Figure 5). The steady-state is given by a∗1 = 0.3817 , a ∗ 2 = 0.1457, and u ∗ = 0.9806. A supplemental movie for panel (A) can be found in supplemental file F1. (B) Evolution of (Iεj )(t) that gives the single-patch area Sεj for N = 2 and N = 3 (see text for details). Inset: a single-patch final configuration. Parameter values: R = 1, U = A = 13, γ = 1000, d2 = d3 = 0.1, k0 = 0.0161, km = 1, k2 = 0.4409. Top: N = 2, kb = 1. Bottom: N = 3, kb = 10, kg = km, k3 = k2. Initial conditions: a1(0) = 0.0918, a2(0) = 0.0191, a3(0) = 0, u(0) = 2.6099. (C) For N = 2 and N = 3, we plot the final normalized aj concentrations on a geodesic curve parametrized by arc-length. As the oligomer index j increases, the distribution and maximum value of aj becomes tighter and higher (inset), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-bulk-surface-compartmental-model-for-protein-3ds83dpm.png FIGURE 1. A bulk-surface compartmental model for protein aggregation. As proteins approach the surface they can associate and then oligomerize. This oligomerization then drives further membrane association of monomers. Arrows represent a state change of u to a; the dotted line shows the ‘catalytic’ feedback of aN to u and a. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-parameter-regions-of-bistability-and-linear-30uezhnt.png FIGURE 3. Parameter Regions of Bistability and Linear Instability (N = 2 and N = 3) We scan the reaction rates for different parameter values. In the top, the parameter regions in the k0×kb plane where the system exhibits bistability under homogeneous perturbations. In the bottom, Regions 0, 1, 2, and 3 divide the k0 × kb plane according to the number of unstable steady-states under non-homogeneous perturbations for the eigenmode l = 1 (see text for details). (A) N = 2, d2 = 0.1, γ = 1000, and j = 1. (B) N = 3, d2 = d3 = 0.1, γ = 1000, and j = 1. The kb values that promote linear instability are significantly higher for N = 3 compared to the case N = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-change-of-the-cell-radius-and-single-patch-area-we-2ylp8iwm.png FIGURE 7. Change of the cell radius and single-patch area. We quantify the percentage of the total area and the dimensional area (see text for details), for various radius R ranging from 0.5 to 5. The R value was changed in the non-dimensional system with a fixed concentration (U ) through variations in Γ, γ, A, k̂0, k̂m, and k̂g . (A) We quantify the Patch size for the N = 2 case (red; open circles), then normalized against the total area of the sphere (black; closed circles). As the radius increases, the patch size increases approximately linearly, but the percent area decreases rapidly. (B) The same simulation for N = 3. As the radius increases the patch size increases, but the total percent area still decreases. Between cases, we observe the same general qualitative properties for single-patch area percentage and dimensional area. The major differences arise in the absolute values, as N = 3 creates larger patches. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-changing-the-diffusion-coefficient-and-the-dtrif440.png FIGURE 4. Changing the diffusion coefficient and the eigenmode of the LaplaceBeltrami operator for N = 2. (A) For d2 = 1, we show a zoomed plot of the interface of the Regions 1 and 2. Most of the (k0, kb) in the rectangle [0.01, 1.4] × [1, 10] belongs to the Region 0, where the system is stable under non-homogeneous perturbations. However, by decreasing d2 to 0.5 and further to 0.1, the Region 1 (in orange) significanly increases, which means that the system exhibits a larger instability region for lower d2 values. In this figure, we fix γ = 10 and j = 1 as the eigenmode index. (B) Linear instability Region 1 for eigenmode index values l = 2, 6, and 8. For l = 2, the system is unstable under non-homogeneous perturbations for most (k0, kb) values above the diagonal of the rectangle [0.01, 2]× [1, 10]. As l increases, Region 1 (in orange) significantly decreases. Therefore, we can analyze the instability of the system by exploring only the first eigenmode, since Region 1 does not expand as l increases. In this figure, we fix γ = 100 and d2 = 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-linear-instability-and-pattern-formation-n-2-we-u3v4d28a.png FIGURE 5. Linear Instability and Pattern Formation (N = 2). We exhibit the stability analysis colormap for eigenmode index l = 1 and the final spatial profile of the a1 component. We consider four (k0, kb) values from Regions 0, 1, 2, and 3, which are colored in light-yellow, orange, red or black, respectively. For Regions 1, 2, and 3, we observe the emergence of a single-patch spatially heterogeneous steady-state which is consistent across parameter regions in terms of its circular shape and concentration gradient. For Region 0, we do not observe a pattern formation for this particular eigenmode. In this figure, d2 = 0.1, γ = 1000, km = k2 = 1. steady-state values. Region 0: a∗1 = 0.0812, a ∗ 2 = 0.0066, u ∗ = 2.7168. Region 1: a∗1 = 0.3817 , a ∗ 2 = 0.1457 , u∗ = 0.9806. Region 2: a∗1 = 0.2759, a ∗ 2 = 0.0761, u ∗ = 1.7155. Region 3: a∗1 = 0.1107, a ∗ 2 = 0.0123, u ∗ = 2.5942 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-steady-states-and-parameter-regions-for-bistability-23yylv6j.png FIGURE 2. Steady-states and Parameter Regions for Bistability (N = 2). (A) The value of k0 = 0.015 is fixed, while kb ranges from 1 to 3.5. We then compute the steady-states, which are the solution of (3.2). The single steady-state branches are shown in red and blue, respectively, while the bistable branch is shown in black. The dark-grey rectangle illustrates the emergence of bistability, and the dashed black arrows indicate the stable steady-states. (B) Bistability region for k0 ∈ [0.01, 0.03] with k0 = 0.015 marked. The dark gray region contains the kb values for which the system admits a bistability region. The single steady-state regions are indicated in light-gray. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-analysis-of-switched-linear-systems-defined-by-10e1b7gpiw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-graph-of-a-switched-discrete-time-linear-system-1wmd6n4n.png Fig. 1. The graph of a switched discrete time linear system under arbitrary switching. All transitions are admissible. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-graph-of-a-switched-discrete-time-linear-system-361plg1f.png Fig. 2. The graph of a switched discrete time linear system that consists of two subsystems and obeys a maximum dwell time rule. In specific, the system leaves the subsystem induced by matrixA1 at most after two time instants. Node two was introduced to realize this specification. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-analysis-of-natural-convective-flows-in-horizontal-3rpq95dinb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-giuseppe-petrone-physics-of-fluids-29y558pc.png Figure 10: Giuseppe Petrone, Physics of Fluids https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-giuseppe-petrone-physics-of-fluids-253s1re5.png Figure 12: Giuseppe Petrone, Physics of Fluids https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-influence-of-the-time-step-on-the-growth-rate-xmw9fy87.png Table II: Influence of the time step on the growth rate, frequency and Rac for R = 1.6 and k = 3.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-giuseppe-petrone-physics-of-fluids-3k4nji1d.png Figure 7: Giuseppe Petrone, Physics of Fluids https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-influence-of-the-meshes-on-the-growth-rate-and-rac-f8pakj2d.png Table III: Influence of the meshes on the growth rate and Rac. 25 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-comparisons-of-rac1-and-kc1-with-values-reported-by-2l6smij0.png Table VI: Comparisons of Rac1 and kc1 with values reported by Choi and Kim 17 (Rarefc1 , k ref c1 ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-giuseppe-petrone-physics-of-fluids-2smwluoz.png Figure 8: Giuseppe Petrone, Physics of Fluids https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-giuseppe-petrone-physics-of-fluids-3kix5we7.png Figure 3: Giuseppe Petrone, Physics of Fluids https://scispace.com/papers/stability-analysis-of-two-dimensional-pool-boiling-systems-3dl4l8ujmi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-evolution-of-perturbed-unstable-steady-state-11hbsejl.png Figure 10: Evolution of perturbed unstable steady-state solutions towards a stable state. Panel a shows the initial acceleration and subsequent deceleration of the evolution with the measure of unsteadiness K(t) for the unstable homogeneous solution T (2)F,∞. Panel b gives the progression of the unstable states (as indicated) towards one of the two stable steady states (dashed) in terms of the functional TΣ(t). (Split-up into two frames; the right frame concerns only the mode-1 solution.) Only the parent solution TF of each conjugate pair (41) is included. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sequence-of-eigenvalues-u1-u2-corresponding-with-2qln5bsr.png Figure 5: Sequence of eigenvalues µ1 < µ2 < . . . corresponding with each of the mode-n solutions. The eigenvalues are represented as βk = sign(µk) ln |µk| so as to enhance legibility. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-unstable-modes-eigenfunctions-psk-x-with-uk-0-2y5wit4c.png Figure 6: Unstable modes (eigenfunctions ψk(x) with µk < 0) restricted to the boundary ΓF , corresponding with each of the mode-n solutions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-evolution-of-the-perturbed-unstable-steady-state-23lmq26x.png Figure 11: Evolution of the perturbed unstable steady-state solutions (heavy) on the interface. Shown are the progressions of the boundary profiles (equidistant time intervals) towards one of the two stable steady states. The arrow indicates progression in time. The heavy dashed profiles indicate the intermediate state at the turning points; the lower and upper dashed lines indicate the stable nucleate-boiling and film-boiling states, respectively. Only one solution TF of each conjugate pair (41) is included. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-three-unstable-modes-of-the-mode-3-solution-in-3l6j0u54.png Figure 7: The three unstable modes of the mode-3 solution in the domain D. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-effect-of-varying-heater-properties-l-and-d-upon-1a4mu6fu.png Figure 8: Effect of varying heater properties (Λ and D) upon the stability properties. Shown is the eigenvalue µ1 < 0 of the most unstable eigenmode for the mode-n solutions (symbols), the homogeneous transition solution T (2) F and the lower bound µ∗ according to (28). The dashed vertical line indicates the parameter value used in the case study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-non-dimensional-model-problem-heater-configuration-hj5kd7qp.png Figure 1: Non-dimensional model problem: heater configuration (panel a) and heat-flux function qF (panel b). The dashed line represents the normalised heat supply Π −1 1 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bifurcation-diagram-for-the-nonlinearity-parameter-3dfpdu6y.png Figure 3: Bifurcation diagram for the nonlinearity parameter P . Heavy curves correspond to homogeneous solutions; normal curves correspond to heterogeneous solutions. Filled circles represent bifurcations. The left-most bifurcation is the tangent bifurcation that leads to multiple homogeneous solutions; the bifurcations from which the heterogeneous branches emerge are pitchfork bifurcations. Included also is the corresponding index ΣJ (Section 4.1.3). https://scispace.com/papers/stability-and-change-of-personality-across-the-life-course-28d0c2h4fr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measurement-models-for-testing-strict-factorial-27vatzkr.png Table 2 Measurement Models for Testing Strict Factorial Invariance: Latent Mean-Level Changes and Latent Rank-Order Stabilities for the Big Five across 4 Years https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effects-of-age-on-the-latent-rank-order-stability-2y1jj9hv.png Figure 7. Effects of age on the latent rank-order stability over 4 years for each of the Big Five personality traits (controlled for sex). Age² and age³ were included in the models only if they moderated the rank-order stability significantly at p < .01 (see Figure 2 for further information on the underlying model and Table 6 for the exact values underlying the graphs). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effects-of-specific-events-on-the-mean-level-bqxk47vy.png Table 4 Effects of Specific Events on the Mean Level (Intercept) and Mean-Level Change (Slope) of Personality Based on Latent Change Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effects-of-specific-events-on-the-mean-level-3e4bmkzr.png Table 4 Effects of Specific Events on the Mean Level (Intercept) and Mean-Level Change (Slope) of Personality Based on Latent Change Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-effects-of-specific-events-on-the-rank-order-3iarftkq.png Table 7 Effects of Specific Events on the Rank-Order Stability of Personality across 4 Years Based on Latent Moderated Regression Models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cross-sectional-standardized-age-differences-in-the-1zt4k19j.png Figure 3. Cross-sectional standardized age differences in the mean-level (intercept) of the latent Big Five personality traits, controlled for sex. Age² and age³ are only included in the models if they had a significant effect on the trait at p < .01 (see Figure 1 for further information on the underlying model and Table 3 for the exact values underlying the graphs). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-individuals-who-mk1d8tax.png Table 1 Descriptive Statistics of Individuals Who Experienced a Specific Major Life Event https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-latent-moderated-regression-model-that-was-used-for-1nv60744.png Figure 2. Latent moderated regression model that was used for analyzing effects on the rank-order stability for each of the Big Five personality traits over four years. At both time points (t1 and t2), each trait was measured with three items and their residuals were allowed to correlate over time. Factor loadings (b and c), measurement intercepts, and error variances of the three items were constrained to be equal across time points. Latent stability was assessed as the standardized effect of t1 on t2. To analyze the effects of sex and age on the stability of the Big Five, sex, age, age² and age³ were included as moderators (for results see Table 6). Afterwards, the effects of single events and clustered events, respectively, and their interaction with sex were included as moderators as well (for results see Tables 7 and 8). https://scispace.com/papers/stability-analysis-of-uncertain-sampled-data-systems-with-2larw1crux 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-intervals-of-allowable-aperiodic-samplings-for-9k8robih.png Table 2 Intervals of allowable aperiodic samplings for Example 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-allowable-sampling-intervals-for-example-4-208jq2lg.png Table 3 Allowable sampling intervals for Example 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-allowable-interimpulse-intervals-for-example-1-2tzsc0j8.png Table 1 Allowable interimpulse intervals for Example 1. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-and-control-investigations-of-generic-53-degree-40nd3wv6e5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-59-mach-effect-streamlines-in-the-flow-field-upon-the-3m591i00.png Figure 59. Mach-Effect: Streamlines in the flow field upon the upper side of the wing for different onflow Mach numbers of M∞ = 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6,ϕ= 65◦, rN =0.003, α= 11◦, Re∞ = 52.6·106. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-rn-const-cp-distribution-and-surface-streamlines-1ql8ch5p.png Figure 24. rN const.: cP distribution and surface streamlines on the upper side of the wing: rN = 0.001, 0.002, 0.003 and 0.004,ϕ= 53◦, α= 10◦, M∞ = 0.4, Re∞ = 52.6·106. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-49-ph-effect-cp-distribution-at-the-leading-edge-2zprmwzg.png Figure 49. ϕ-Effect: cP distribution at the leading edge. Comparison of different sweep angleϕ= 60◦ and 65◦ for different leadinmg edge contour radii of rN = 0.003 and 0.004 atα= 10◦ and 11◦ , M∞ = 0.4, Re∞ = 52.6·106. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-rn-const-streamline-in-the-flow-field-upon-the-tg7chj59.png Figure 26. rN const.: Streamline in the flow field upon the upper side of the wing: rN = 0.004 and 0.005,ϕ= 53◦, α= 11◦ and 12◦, M∞ = 0,4; Re∞ = 52.6·106. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-detailed-view-on-the-flow-physics-of-the-2sw6acs5.png Figure 14. Detailed view on the flow physics of the separation at the round leading edge: Location of the separation and attachment line as well as streamlines of the outer flow field. rN =0.004,ϕ= 53◦, α = 11◦. M∞ = 0.4, Re∞ = 52.6·106. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-34-location-and-determination-of-the-moment-reference-3oa4hrgl.png Figure 34. Location and determination of the Moment Reference Point (MRP) to assess the pitching moment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-32-rn-decreasing-cp-distribution-and-surface-1ajstdzg.png Figure 32. rN decreasing:cP distribution and surface streamlines on the upper side of the wing: 0.003≥ r N ≥ 0.001,ϕ= 53◦, α= 6◦, 7◦, 8◦ and 10◦, M∞ = 0.4; Re∞ = 52.6·106. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-51-mach-effect-streamlines-in-the-flow-field-upon-the-38hmmkfu.png Figure 51. Mach-Effect: Streamlines in the flow field upon the upper side of the wing for different onflow Mach numbers of M∞ = 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6,ϕ= 45◦, rN =0.003,α = 11◦, Re∞ = 52.6·106. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-and-enzymatic-studies-with-omeprazole-2xo64p0svg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-molecular-docking-of-ome-with-hp-2o0jp4qu.png Fig. 4 Molecular docking of OME with HP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ir-spectra-of-a-ome-b-hp-vnsst931.png Fig. 3 IR spectra of (a) OME, (b) HP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-ome-73yztys2.png Fig. 1 Structure of OME. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-degradation-of-free-ome-and-ome-present-on-complexes-2sx8u3kf.png Table 1 - Degradation (%) of free OME and OME present on complexes obtained by kneadind - KN and 60 days. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-hplc-chromatograms-of-ome-in-the-different-samples-pm-2tynr78y.png Fig. 5 HPLC chromatograms of OME in the different samples (PM, KN, FD) at 0 days. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-physical-aspect-of-pure-ome-and-fd-sample-3uq67g12.png Fig. 6 Physical aspect of pure OME and FD sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-papain-activity-in-presence-of-pure-and-complexed-ome-1gzy1fij.png Fig. 7 Papain activity (%) in presence of pure and complexed OME. All samples had an OME concentration of 0.425 mM (n = 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-acetylcholinesterase-ic50-values-mm-for-the-different-21gjsthw.png Fig 8. Acetylcholinesterase IC50 values (mM) for the different samples (free OME, PM, KN and FD). https://scispace.com/papers/stability-and-control-of-radial-deployment-of-electric-solar-5befweqyag 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-results-of-cases-d-and-e-tether-1-a-in-plane-2q8411wq.png Fig. 10 Results of cases D and E (tether 1) a in-plane libration angle a1, b spin velocity of remote unit, and c tether tension at the remote unit https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-results-of-parametric-analysis-a-in-plane-libration-2yonzagb.png Fig. 11 Results of parametric analysis a in-plane libration angle a1, b spin velocity of remote unit (tether 1) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-dividing-of-tether-elements-1cjs5fbn.png Fig. 2 Illustration of dividing of tether elements https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-angular-velocity-of-central-spacecraft-axx-bxy-c-xz-in-1lzejs42.png Fig. 5 Angular velocity of central spacecraft axx, bxy, c xz in Case A https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-libration-motion-of-flexible-tethers-of-the-e-sail-and-12nozmmh.png Fig. 3 Libration motion of flexible tethers of the E-sail and their simplified expressions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-snap-shots-of-geometric-configuration-of-e-sail-in-1p1tqrvm.png Fig. 9 Snap shots of geometric configuration of E-sail in cases D and E https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relative-error-and-iteration-numbers-a-e-b-iteration-16mb8er9.png Fig. 4 Relative error and iteration numbers a e, b iteration number in Case A https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-results-of-cases-b-and-c-a-in-plane-libration-angle-a1-kscts28h.png Fig. 8 Results of cases B and C (a) in-plane libration angle a1, b out-of-plane libration angle b1, c spin velocity of remote unit (tether 1) https://scispace.com/papers/stability-and-diversity-in-collective-adaptation-2fs9padcwb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-flows-on-the-boundary-in-matching-pennies-interaction-dwd0ep3t.png FIG. 7: Flows on the boundary in Matching Pennies interaction: Actions H and T correspond to “heads” and “tails”, respectively. Arrows indicate the direction of adaptation dynamics on the boundary of the state space ∆. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-time-series-of-action-probabilities-during-the-3b5sx82z.png FIG. 16: Time series of action probabilities during the heteroclinic cycles of Fig. 15. ǫX = −0.1 and ǫY = 0.05 for the left column. The right column shows the chaotic transient to a possible heteroclinic cycles when ǫX = 0.1 and ǫY = −0.05. For both αX = αY = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-dynamics-of-hx-hy-and-e-in-conservative-adaptive-dz3o51kv.png FIG. 17: Dynamics of HX , HY and E in conservative adaptive dynamics: ǫX = −0.1 and ǫY = 0.05 for the left plot and ǫX = 0.1 and ǫY = −0.05 for the right. For both αX = αY = 0. Note that E increases asymptotically and HX and HY tend to decrease. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-lyapunov-spectra-for-different-initial-conditions-315u835n.png TABLE I: Lyapunov spectra for different initial conditions (columns) and different values of the tie breaking parameter ǫX . The initial conditions are (x1, x2, x3, y1, y2, y3) = (x1, 0.35, 0.65 − x1, 0.1, y2, 0.9 − y2) with E = E0 = 0.74446808 fixed. We choose the initial conditions (x1, y2) = (0.05, 0.2), (0.06, 0.160421), (0.07, 0.135275), (0.08, 0.117743), (0.09, 0.104795), (0.10, 0.0948432). The Lyapunov exponents are multiplied by 103. Note that λ2 ≃ 0.0, λ3 ≃ 0.0 and λ4 ≃ −λ1 as expected. The Lyapunov exponents indicating chaos are shown in boldface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-heteroclinic-cycle-with-ox-0-1-and-oy-0-05-top-row-2fr8p427.png FIG. 15: Heteroclinic cycle with ǫX = −0.1 and ǫY = 0.05 (top row). Chaotic transient to a heteroclinic network (bottom row) with ǫX = 0.1 and ǫY = −0.05). For both αX = αY = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-the-3-person-rock-scissors-paper-game-ox-oy-oz-1-0-1-92vxqjs4.png TABLE V: The 3-person Rock-Scissors-Paper game: ǫX , ǫY , ǫZ ∈ (−1.0, 1.0). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-two-person-matching-pennies-game-ox-0-0-1-0-and-2k22qxoh.png TABLE II: The two-person Matching Pennies game: ǫX ∈ (0.0, 1.0] and ǫY ∈ [−1.0, 0.0). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-the-two-person-rock-scissors-paper-game-ox-oy-1-0-1-5tdq4vn7.png TABLE IV: The two-person Rock-Scissors-Paper game: ǫX , ǫY ∈ (−1.0, 1.0). https://scispace.com/papers/stability-and-dynamics-of-pt-si-liquid-microdroplets-on-si-jiqr8n7qbx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-measured-contact-angles-in-degrees-and-the-2e5foksr.png TABLE I. The measured contact angles~in degrees! and the corresponding surface and interface energies in erg/cm2. The Si surface energy was taken from Ref. 27. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-a-cross-sectional-sem-image-of-a-rapidly-coole-2-5-p2semwt1.png FIG. 8. ~a! A cross-sectional SEM image of a rapidly coole 2.5-mm-diam droplet. The cleavage was roughly through the ce of the selected droplet. The arrow indicates the migration direc of the island.~b! A schematic drawing of the cross section of t island. Heres represents surface or interface energy per unit a andu is the contact angle. The subscripts, Si,i , and PtSi refer to the Si surface, the interface, and the PtSi surface, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-a-schematic-model-for-the-migration-of-a-pt-si-dro-1ymtp2o3.png FIG. 9. ~a! A schematic model for the migration of a Pt-Si dro let along a Si surface with a temperature gradient (Th.Tl). The arrows indicate the Si diffusion into and through the droplet.~b! The Si concentration profile in the droplet vs distance from back front. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-variation-of-the-concentration-gradient-dx-dt-t-2h4cllo4.png TABLE II. The variation of the concentration gradient@(dX/dT)“T# and diffusivity (D) of the droplet versus temperature. The variables 1/(12X) anddX/dT were obtained from the Pt-Si binary phase diagra The diffusivity D was calculated with velocity equation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-time-sequence-of-peem-images-of-droplet-migrat-on-a-mlc7pigd.png FIG. 4. A time sequence of PEEM images of droplet migrat on a Si surface during annealing at 1100 °C for~a! 0 sec,~b! 15 sec, ~c! 45 sec, and~d! 75 sec, respectively. The field of view for th images is 150mm, and images were excited with a Hg-dischar lamp. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-peem-image-of-a-100-mm-pt-circle-on-si-001-the-2vz5nwag.png FIG. 6. ~a! PEEM image of a 100-mm Pt circle on Si~001!. The droplets originate from within the Pt dot and travel through t Pt-free region.~b! A time sequence of PEEM images showing dro let migration over the Pt-free Si surface. The images were obta at a temperature of 1085 °C when the droplet was leaving the P edge att50. Each single frame image was taken 15 sec apart. size of the droplet is 6.3mm, and the mean velocity is 0.7mm/sec. The field of view are 150mm and 50mm, in ~a! and ~b!, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-migration-velocity-of-pt-si-droplets-vs-diameter-f-2gzf5tyf.png FIG. 7. The migration velocity of Pt-Si droplets vs diameter f droplets migrating on a Pt-free Si~001! surface at various annea temperatures. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-and-stoichiometry-of-some-binary-fluorophore-1m63uzp8uj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experimental-conditions-c291bew3.png Table 3. Experimental conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measured-binding-constants-12vkoqd7.png Table 1. Measured binding constants https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hosts-and-guests-structures-1ba4skg4.png Figure 1. Hosts and guests structures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-calculated-mm2-binding-energies-kcal-mol-2pco9edl.png Table 2. Calculated (MM2) binding energies (kcal/mol) https://scispace.com/papers/stability-and-transport-properties-of-multiple-patch-136yp0ka3r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-graphs-illustrating-the-evolution-of-the-square-vortex-k5wo0ogf.png FIG. 7. Graphs illustrating the evolution of the square vortex structures shown in Fig. 6.(a) The rms values xrms, see Eq.(2), for the satellite position deviations at =2. The solid vertical line marks the stable/unstable regime. (b) The evolution of the length of the bounding contour of the vortex patch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-the-contour-variation-of-all-passive-contours-in-the-ncxdzs90.png FIG. 16. The contour variation of all passive contours in the triangular vortex with a=1.211 (displayed in Fig. 15). The contour length variation for the rvp=0.0625rs vortex and thervp =0.25rs vortex are displayed in(a) and (b), respectively. The passive contours of the central region are labeled with their respective fractions ofrs. The (virtually) horizontal lines indicate the passive satellite contours and the bounding contour. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-the-end-results-of-the-evolution-of-the-triangularsn-311vo7yc.png FIG. 15. The end results of the evolution of the triangularsn=3d vortex with a=1.211 forrvp=0.0625rs (a) andrvp=0.25rs (b), and of thea=2.0 vortex for rvp=0.0625rs (c) and rvp=0.25rs (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-snapshots-of-the-evolution-of-thea-1-5-tripolar-24uz3g20.png FIG. 8. Snapshots of the evolution of thea=1.5 tripolar systemsn=3d at t=1 with (a) rvp=0, (b) rvp=0.10rs, and(c) rvp=0.10rs. The gray and dark gray areas represent the vorticity patches, and the black dots designate the passive tracers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-graphs-illustrating-the-contour-length-evolution-of-1ty5fmd1.png FIG. 14. Graphs illustrating the contour-length evolution of the central patch and the bounding contour of the tripolar vortexsn=2d with a=2.0 and rvp=0.15. (a) The bounding contour and the central patch contour.(b) Three time step sizes mark the difference in unstable behavior of the vortex. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-graphs-illustrating-the-contour-length-evolution-of-2qg9l8ul.png FIG. 13. Graphs illustrating the contour-length evolution of the central patch of the tripolar vorticessn=2d with a=2.0 andrvp=0.10, 0.125, and 0.15. (a) The contour length of three central patch sizes for the tripolara =2 vortex.(b) Long-time evolution for the vortex withrvp=0.15rs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-schematic-of-the-mapping-of-a-unit-circle-from-the-9verpdyf.png FIG. 21. Schematic of the mapping of a unit circle from the parametric plane onto a physical shielded tripolar vortex. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-the-contour-variation-of-all-passive-contours-in-the-2u52zq3g.png FIG. 20. The contour variation of all passive contours in the square vortex with a=1.241 (displayed in Fig. 19). The contour length variation for the rvp=0.0625rs vortex and the rvp =0.25rs vortex are displayed in(a) and (b), respectively. The passive contours of the central region are labelled with their respective fractions ofrs. The (virtually) horizontal line without label in (b) indicate the passive satellite contour with rpc=0.25rs. The other satellite contours are virtually indistinguishable from the passive tracer contours in the central region. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-and-error-estimates-for-vector-field-interpolation-1g53louvtd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-c-relative-2-errors-as-a-function-of-the-mesh-norm-2692zq1v.png Fig. 5. (a)–(c) Relative 2-errors as a function of the mesh-norm hX of the ME node sets for the vector decomposed RBF interpolants to the vector fields shown in Figure 4(a)–(c). The dashed and dash-dotted lines in each figure are defined by the plot legend and are included for comparison purposes with the theoretical results. The vertical limits on each row are the same, and both the horizontal and vertical scales are logarithmic. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mesh-norm-hx-and-separation-radius-qx-for-minimum-m65qk7i3.png Fig. 2. Mesh-norm hX and separation radius qX for minimum energy (ME) nodes of varying sizes N as indicated by the legend. The dashed line shows the line 1/ √ N . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-minimum-eigenvalue-of-the-vector-sbf-interpolation-2vkbuacb.png Fig. 3. Minimum eigenvalue of the vector SBF interpolation matrices AX,Ψ as a function of the separation radius qX of the ME node sets (note the log-log scale). The dashed line is the predicted estimate from Corollary 2 for the kernels based on MA 7 2 and WE3,3, while the dash-dotted line is the prediction for the kernels based on MA 9 2 and WE3,4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-a-meridional-and-b-zonal-vector-sn1qo4gd.png Fig. 1. Illustration of the (a) meridional and (b) zonal vector basis functions formed by the tangent kernel Ψ := Ψdiv+Ψcurl for interpolating and decomposing tangent vector fields. Here xj is chosen as (1, 0, 0), and the vectors dj and ej are defined in (11). All the plots are orthographic projections of the fields displayed from 0◦ longitude and 0◦ latitude, and each field has been normalized by its max norm for displaying purposes. The Matérn RBF was used to construct Ψ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-c-the-vector-fields-used-in-the-numerical-examples-2q4tj4g4.png Fig. 4. (a)–(c) The vector fields used in the numerical examples. The first column is the field that is sampled for the interpolation procedure. All plots are orthographic projections of the fields sampled at N = 1849 ME nodes and displayed from the following (θ, λ) viewpoint: (a) (0, 0), (b) (0, π/9), (c) (π/18, 0). For display purposes, each field has been normalized by its max norm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-rbfs-used-for-generating-the-tangent-kernels-ps-260398h2.png Table 1 The RBFs used for generating the tangent kernels Ψ = Ψdiv+Ψcurl for the numerical examples. For Matérn, ε > 0 is called the shape parameter while δ > 0 is called the support radius for Wendland. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-control-of-an-hybrid-wheel-legged-robot-piah9xmwh4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-stability-margin-and-associated-potential-function-sgyiuipy.png Fig. 2. Stability Margin and associated Potential Function https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-synoptic-control-scheme-of-robot-3n70b96p.png Fig. 3. Synoptic Control Scheme of robot https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-terrain-of-simulation-39hcgs8t.png Fig. 4. Terrain of Simulation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hybrid-robots-of-lrp-uvmv2f1i.png Fig. 1. Hybrid Robots of LRP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulation-results-1f1vr139.png Fig. 5. Simulation Results https://scispace.com/papers/stability-chaos-and-multiple-attractors-a-single-agent-makes-3z5dcfpu04 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bifurcation-diagram-for-eq-6-and-7-with-respect-to-m-77g2wnju.png Fig. 3. Bifurcation diagram for Eq. (6) and (7) with respect to m: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-expanded-bifurcation-diagram-shown-in-fig-3-with-zlc5jc8m.png Fig. 4. Expanded bifurcation diagram shown in Fig. 3 with respect to m: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-bifurcation-diagram-of-the-reduced-model-5-3rys8nej.png Fig. 8. Bifurcation diagram of the reduced model (5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-bifurcation-diagram-for-eq-6-and-7-with-respect-to-m-0-29axe9li.png Fig. 7. Bifurcation diagram for Eq. (6) and (7) with respect to ( , m ): = 0.7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-basin-of-attraction-for-0-8-3-0-and-m-0-0915-3eqdnyeo.png Fig. 12. Basin of attraction for = 0.8, = 3.0 and m = 0.0915 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-periodic-point-surface-k5-near-a-cusp-point-and-its-3awtdvnf.png Fig. 11. Periodic point surface K5 near a cusp point and its projection on the ( , )-plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-basin-of-attraction-for-0-5-6-0-and-m-0-961-33u6r186.png Fig. 13. Basin of attraction for = 0.5, = 6.0 and m = 0.961. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relations-between-stable-and-unstable-manifolds-as-a-3fqkrcu0.png Fig. 1. Relations between stable and unstable manifolds as a function of . https://scispace.com/papers/stability-improvement-of-photovoltaic-performance-in-10kfjinujv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cross-sectional-tem-images-right-and-edx-images-of-2cpvkmcp.png Figure 3. Cross sectional TEM images (right) and EDX images of S, Sb, and Mo elemental maps (left 3) of Sb2S3/MoO3 layers of the hybrid solar cells composed of glass-ITO/TiO2/Sb2S3/ MoO3/Au fresh after preparation (above), and after 576 h under 1 sun at 63◦C and 50% RH (below). The thin film samples for the observations were prepared by FIB method after carbon coating and TEM and EDX have been operated with JEOL JEM-2010FEF at 200 kV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-course-changes-of-relative-pce-of-the-hybrid-19xyi78r.png Figure 2. Time-course changes of relative PCE of the hybrid cells composed of glass-ITO/TiO2/Sb2S3/HTL [HTL = P3HT/PEDOT: PSS (triangle), ZnPc (cross), or MoO3 (circle)]/Au with UV cut filter at 63◦C and 50% RH under 1 sun. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cross-sectional-edx-images-of-s-red-sb-green-and-ti-3ajuw40o.png Figure 7. Cross sectional EDX images of S (red), Sb (green), and Ti (blue) elemental maps of colored site (left) and decolorized site (right) of ITO/TiO2/ Sb2S3 layers of the hybrid solar cells composed of glass-ITO/TiO2/ Sb2S3/ZnPc/Au without UV cut filter after 1 d at 63◦C and 50% RH under 1 sun. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-j-v-curves-of-a-glass-ito-tio2-sb2s3-znpc-au-b-1l26hqez.png Figure 4. J-V curves of (a) glass-ITO/TiO2/Sb2S3/ZnPc/Au, (b) glass-ITO/ZnO/Sb2S3/ZnPc/Au fresh after preparation (solid), and after 7 d at 63◦C and 50% RH under 1 sun (broken). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cross-sectional-tem-images-right-and-edx-images-of-tezabfnj.png Figure 5. Cross sectional TEM images (right) and EDX images of S, Sb, and Zn elemental maps (left 3) of ZnO/Sb2S3 layers of the hybrid solar cells composed of glass-ITO/ZnO/Sb2S3/ZnPc/Au fresh after preparation (above), and after 7 d at 63◦C and 50% RH under 1 sun (below). The thin film samples for the observations were prepared by FIB method after carbon coating and TEM and EDX have been operated with JEOL JEM-2010FEF at 200 kV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-j-v-curves-of-glass-ito-tio2-sb2s3-znpc-au-without-1rv2pl8a.png Figure 6. J-V curves of glass-ITO/TiO2/Sb2S3/ZnPC/Au without UV cut filter fresh after preparation (solid) and after 3 d storage at 63◦C and 50% RH under 1 sun (broken). https://scispace.com/papers/stability-measures-for-rolling-schedules-with-applications-321pylkmps 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameters-for-mps-2jpcc946.png Table 4: Parameters for MPS https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-parameters-for-the-clsp-3hdzlpal.png Table 6: Parameters for the CLSP https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-decision-variables-for-cep-3e4fowvi.png Table 1: Decision Variables for CEP https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-for-cep-2x8qlah2.png Table 2: Parameters for CEP https://scispace.com/papers/stability-evaluation-and-prediction-of-the-dongla-jv6zkanm4w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-monitoring-deployment-on-the-geological-cross-1nxfcwnl.png Fig. 5. The monitoring deployment on the geological cross-section (B-B) of the DRL. IN1 – IN3 represent the inclinometers, SM6 – SM10 represent the surface displacement monitors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-main-scarp-and-local-deformation-features-of-the-drl-15rtgnj5.png Fig. 6. Main scarp and local deformation features of the DRL. Viewing towards southwest. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-displacements-of-the-dongla-bridges-piers-and-2taw4yvw.png Fig. 8. Displacements of the Dongla Bridge’s piers and structure of the bridge (elevation unit:m; other unit:cm; red arrow indicating the direction of pier’s displacement and thrust of the DRL) (modified after Wang, 2013). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-deformation-evidence-a-60-m-headscarp-of-the-drl-3c2e2w1w.png Fig. 7. Deformation evidence: (a) 60 m Headscarp of the DRL, viewing north; (b) 380 m long and 0.1 - 0.4 m wide twisty right shearing crack of the DRL mainly cut through the soil; (c) damage of retaining wall and ancillary road pavement; (d) subgrade failure of the ancillary road. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-grain-size-distribution-of-the-surficial-landslide-hxzf1l1e.png Table 1 Grain-size distribution of the surficial landslide deposit https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-surface-cumulative-displacement-monitor-result-6-e7p3zghy.png Table 2 the surface cumulative displacement monitor result (6 Nov. 2012 – 9 Apr. 2014) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-inclinometer-results-04-09-2013e27-09-303y2rtm.png Table 3 Summary of inclinometer results (04.09.2013Ｅ27.09.2013, when the inclinometers were assumed to shear during landslide movement) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-stability-coefficients-of-the-drl-under-different-2f47uf3m.png Fig. 16. Stability coefficients of the DRL under different scenarios (cross-section B-B). https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-a-class-of-hybrid-impulsive-and-switching-53hcx46tvs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-trajectories-of-the-controlled-system-18jjzgeq.png Fig. 2. The trajectories of the controlled system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chaotic-behavior-of-chuas-circuit-uz6fc5r5.png Fig. 1. Chaotic behavior of Chua’s circuit https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-anchored-sheet-wall-in-cohesive-frictional-3gzfn13mph 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interface-conditions-rough-interface-equal-to-soil-37833w25.png Figure 3: Interface conditions: Rough interface, equal to soil properties (a), Rough with no tension (b), smooth interface (c), and smooth with notension (d). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-limit-values-of-the-stability-factor-for-differentd-2aj156x1.png Table 4: Limit values of the stability factor for differentd/h ratios of free standing wall https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-a-detail-of-the-rigid-block-red-left-connectd-to-26lw4uhh.png Figure 15: (a): Detail of the rigid block (red, left) connectd to the wall (blue) through a joint in the simply supported wall. (b): Detail of the anchor/wall connection with a duplicated edge at the left side and a joint in the tie, when usi g a wall/soil interface with rough+no tension condition (notice the wall/soil separation, while the wall/achor connection stays intake). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-limit-values-of-the-stability-factor-for-differentd-3awotn9f.png Table 5: Limit values of the stability factor for differentd/h ratios of simply supported wall https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-maximum-stability-ratiosd-h-obtained-for-different-2u4kwlcj.png Table 8: Maximum stability ratiosd/h obtained for different retaining wall types and methodologies. The values for the present work are taken with a rough wall/soil interface with no traction and length of the anchor= h. The other values have been extracted from [31]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-anchored-wall-dissipation-energy-left-column-a-d-36qs01e8.png Figure 16: Anchored wall. Dissipation energy (left column)a d meshes after adaptive process (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pull-out-capacities-of-horizontal-single-bell-1o8cev5v.png Table 1: Pull-out capacities of horizontal single-bell anchors (for1/2 of the anchor). NT=no tension. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pull-out-capacities-of-horizontal-double-bell-3v6okkd8.png Table 2: Pull-out capacities of horizontal double-bell anchors (for1/2 of the anchor). NT=no tension. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-anthocyanin-in-spinach-vine-basella-rubra-3bcl0mtfv1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-degradation-constant-k-h-1-and-half-life-t1-2-oliv1tsg.png Table 2. Degradation constant k (h-1) and half-life (t1/2) obtained with time for phosphate-citrate buffer systems at pH 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 in the presence of light at 40 and 60°C. Cuadro 2. Valores de constantes de degradación k (h-1) y tiempo de media vida (t1/2) en función al tiempo para sistemas buffer citrato/fosfato a pH 4,0; 5,0 y 6,0 en presencia de luz a temperaturas de 40 y 60°C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-degradation-constant-k-h-1-and-half-life-t1-2-2q10rlj9.png Table 1. Degradation constant k (h-1) and half-life (t1/2) obtained over time for phosphate-citrate buffers systems at pH 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 in the presence and absence of light at 25 ± 1°C. Cuadro 1. Valores de constantes de degradación k (h-1) y tiempo de media vida (t1/2) en función al tiempo para sistemas buffer citrato fosfato a pH 4,0; 5,0 y 6,0 en presencia y ausencia de luz a 25 ± 1°C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-degradation-of-spinach-vine-basella-rubra-fruit-yxiyzynk.png Figure 1. Degradation of spinach vine (Basella rubra) fruit extract over time in phosphate-citrate buffer systems at pH 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 at 25 ± 1°C. A. In the presence of light. B.In the absence of light. Ln = Neperian logarithm; A = absorbance; Ao = initial absorbance. Absorbance at λ = 540 nm. Figura 1. Degradación del extracto del fruto Basella rubra en un sistema tampón citrato-fosfato a pH 4,0; 5,0 y 6,0 en función al tiempo, en presencia o ausencia de luz a 25 ± 1°C. A. En presencia de luz. B. En ausencia de luz. Ln = logaritmo Neperiano; A = absorbancia; Ao = absorbancia inicial. Absorbancia a λ = 540 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-a-si-h-prepared-by-hot-wire-and-glow-discharge-38ea6nutk3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-measurements-of-the-m0t-0-values-of-the-vhf-gd-and-hw-1vvyclbx.png Fig. 2. Measurements of the m0t 0 values of the VHF-GD and HW films in the initial state. For the HW films, the filled square refers to the 3208C sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-degradation-experiments-performed-at-different-2nvaubde.png Fig. 1. Degradation experiments performed at different intensities of the pulsed source on the same a-Si:H layer. After each degradation, the Ž .sample was annealed during 2 h at 2008C. In the beginning, only the CW bias source is used phase A , as soon as the dye laser is added Ž .phase B one observes a strong increase in the degradation rate. After saturation under the pulsed laser, the latter is switched off and the relaxation occurs. Note that although the saturation levels under the pulsed source depend on its light intensity one gets the same stable state for all situations after relaxation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-absorption-coefficient-of-vhf-gd-and-hw-a-si-h-layers-3fi40qbq.png Fig. 4. Absorption coefficient of VHF-GD and HW a-Si:H layers Ž .at ls633 nm the line is a guide to eye . For the HW films, the filled square refers to the 3208C sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-measurements-of-the-m0t-0-values-of-the-vhf-gd-and-hw-2qzxxvoe.png Fig. 3. Measurements of the m0t 0 values of the VHF-GD and HW layers in the degraded state. For the HW films, the filled square refers to the 3208C sample. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-bose-condensed-atomic-7li-w1bm6p2hkm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-maximum-number-of-condensate-particles-solid-line-2h2zm31s.png FIG. 8. Maximum number of condensate particles~solid line!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chemical-potential-as-a-function-of-total-number-of-es791nfl.png FIG. 1. Chemical potential as a function of total number of condensate particles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-between-exact-density-and-l-th-23g3-2-z-1wsvbrlq.png FIG. 4. Comparison between exact density and L th 23g3/2(z) above the critical temperature for~1! m52\v, ~2! m5210\v, and~3! m5225\v. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-free-energy-as-a-function-of-the-central-density-the-1ss7jocp.png FIG. 3. Free energy as a function of the central density. The inset shows that the derivative of the free energy with respect to the central density approaches zero at the point of instability and that at this point the number of particles as a function of the central density exhibits a maximum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-free-energy-as-a-function-of-total-number-of-qljz4v3h.png FIG. 2. Free energy as a function of total number of condensate particles. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-cefiderocol-against-clinically-significant-2ck0qi9b3p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-kinetic-parameters-of-the-oxa-48-oxa-40-and-oxa-23-1py6r08w.png Table 1 Kinetic parameters of the OXA-48, OXA-40 and OXA-23 carbapenemases. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-bellows-used-as-expansion-joints-between-3z985rt2h0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-small-vs-large-single-phase-bellows-1f8zr3s1.png Table 2: small vs large single phase bellows https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-small-bellows-properties-37ki1us6.png Table 1: small bellows properties https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-equilibria-for-the-stefan-problem-with-surface-402esjiltj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stability-diagram-for-k1-k2-and-d-0-circled-8urmz4e0.png Figure 1. Stability diagram for κ1 < κ2 and δ = 0; circled: illposed, dotted: unstable https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-highly-shifted-equilibria-in-a-large-aspect-1t6dzizndf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-current-profiles-scans-used-in-the-stability-study-of-dzr32pfv.png Fig. 2. Current profiles scans used in the stability study of high βp equilibria. (a) Peak position, (b) peaking factor, (c) current profile transition scans. The plasma extends from R = 4 m to R = 6 m. Part of the null region of the current profile has been truncated from the plots to enlarge the section where shape changes occur. The magnetic axis is located around R = 5.80 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-s-a-diagrams-for-a-peak-b-peaking-factor-and-c-efzipgzn.png Fig. 4. s-α diagrams for (a) peak, (b) peaking factor and (c) transition scans. The majority of profiles are in the second stability regime for high-n resistive ballooning modes. The diagrams exclude the region above q95. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-flux-surfaces-for-a-circular-plasma-cross-section-2qyvc1qq.png Fig. 1. (a) Flux surfaces for a circular plasma cross-section. The Z-axis is the axis of axi-symmetry (actually located at R = 0). Due to the up-down symmetry, only one half of the configurations is shown. The top set of surfaces is for a 15% Shafranov shift (β = 1.8%, βp = 1.15) and the lower set of surfaces represents an equilibrium with a 90% shift (β = 35 %, βp = 50). The magnetic axis is located on the plane of symmetry (Z = 0) at R = 5.15 m (15 % shift) and R = 5.90 m (90 % shift). (b) Pressure and (c) normalized current density profiles for the same shifts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ggj-resistive-and-high-n-ideal-ballooning-criteria-of-1b3d6w4r.png Fig. 3. GGJ resistive and high-n ideal ballooning criteria of profiles A (solid lines), B (dashed lines), C (dash-dot lines) and D (dotted lines) for (a) peak location, (b) peaking factor and (c) transition scans. The different criteria are plotted as a function of ρ (=r/a). ρ = 0 is at the magnetic axis and ρ = 1 at the plasma edge. The ordinates of all curves are in arbitrary absolute units. In the left column, the part of the profiles that is positive shows instabilities to resistive interchange instabilities. In the right column, the profiles are stable is the criterion is positive. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-event-synchronisation-in-distributed-discrete-bl45cesd0k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distributed-simulator-for-the-model-in-figure-3-2dw2smkk.png Figure 4: Distributed Simulator for the Model in Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-queueing-network-1cb52ezy.png Figure 3: A Queueing Network https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-logical-process-with-2-input-message-streams-1vlk5873.png Figure 2: A Logical Process with 2 Input Message Streams https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ordering-a-sequence-numbered-stream-af9wznog.png Figure 5: Ordering a Sequence Numbered Stream https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-view-of-a-logical-process-1x2vgdr7.png Figure 1: Schematic View of a Logical Process https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-linear-systems-with-time-varying-delays-using-1zlqtm70ah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-maximal-allowable-delays-h2-for-example-20-with-2pr55zd3.png TABLE I THE MAXIMAL ALLOWABLE DELAYS h2 FOR EXAMPLE (20) WITH VARIOUS VALUES OF d2 AND d1 = −d2 AND (h, ḣ) ∈ H1 . https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-martensite-with-pulsed-electric-current-in-dual-cnc6duekiv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-diagram-showing-typical-tensile-engineering-stress-12qnhnr1.png Fig. 4 Diagram showing typical tensile engineering stress-strain curves of dual-phase steel samples (with and without EPT). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-diagrams-showing-a-typical-softening-process-contains-39mg369s.png Fig. 5 Diagrams showing a typical softening process contains four stages for the hardness of FeC martensitic steel tempered 1h at 100-700 o C and (b) the hardness of dual-phase steels tempered at about 700 o C for 110 μs (EPT), 0.1s<t<1 s (non-isothermal tempering), 300s (isothermal tempering) and 5400s (isothermal tempering), respectively [242]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-diagrams-showing-a-the-microstructural-evolution-of-3dpbari2.png Fig. 6 Diagrams showing (a) the microstructural evolution of dislocations in cold-formed steel sample, (b) the effect of EPT on intersection and annihilation of two partial dislocations and (c) the formation of ultrafine-grained ferrite with nano-cementite particles after EPT. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-representational-geometry-across-a-wide-range-1ccshpqiqn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scaling-of-activity-patterns-a-bold-activity-2a40jdu8.png Figure 2: Scaling of activity patterns. (A) BOLD activity patterns from the hand area of the primary sensorimotor cortices of an example participant projected onto a flat, surface reconstruction of their cortex. Dotted lines indicate the fundus of the central sulcus. The top insert reflects sulcal depth (darker colors reflect larger depths) and denotes location of M1 and S1. Color maps reflect t-values of activity against rest. Each column corresponds to one finger (thumb to little), and each row one pressing frequency (0.3 to 2.6Hz). The activity increases with increasing pressing frequency. (B) Average activity (beta-coefficients) in contralateral M1, S1, and bilateral V1/V2 as a function of pressing/stimulation frequency. Error bars reflect s.e.m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-paradigm-a-participants-made-short-2dbyxnnh.png Figure 1: Experimental paradigm. (A) Participants made short, isometric presses of an individual finger onto a keyboard while in an MR scanner. Each finger press was cued with a unique color-letter combination. (B) A cue at the start of each trial (1s) instructed participants which finger they would press. Participants then executed presses when prompted by a larger cue presentation. The cues flashed either 2, 4, 8, or 16 presses in 6 seconds (0.3, 0.6, 1.3, 2.6Hz). A 1s inter-trial-interval (ITI) separated each trial. Random periods of rest were interleaved between trials in each block. This design yielded 20 conditions (5 fingers/letters x 4 frequencies). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stability-of-representational-geometry-across-j5lydwrx.png Figure 4: Stability of representational geometry across stimulation frequencies. (A) Average dissimilarity between all possible pairs of the 5 activity patterns measured at each frequency in M1. Colors indicate pressing/stimulation frequency, and shaded regions reflect s.e.m. (B) Cross-frequency correlations between dissimilarities in A. (C) Within participant splithalf reliabilities (Pearson correlation with a forced intercept) of the dissimilarities depicted in A. (D) Differences between the expected correlation (noise ceiling, see section 2.9) and the measured cross-frequency correlations in (B). Negative values indicate the measured cross-frequency correlation (stability) is lower than what would be expected given the internal reliability of each RDM. Deviations from zero were evaluated with one-tailed signed rank tests. Asterisks indicate significant deviations (p < 0.05). (E - H) Results for S1. (I - L) Results for V1/V2. Note that the representational geometry in visual regions is different from the one found in M1/S1, reflecting the finger-to-letter assignment. Due to low stimulation intensity, visual regions have low reliabilities for low stimulation frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-and-in-parentheses-between-subject-standard-26nphawr.png Table 1: Mean and (in parentheses) between-subject standard error of behavioral measure of the finger pressing task. The pressing frequency is reported in Hertz (Hz), and forces in Newtons (N). Participants (n = 8) were able to approximately match the instructed frequency and keep the pressing forces relatively stable. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-smectic-phases-in-the-gay-berne-model-so2d483g6t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-interlayer-distribution-functionsg1m-between-layers-1-3a4rag1v.png FIG. 12. Interlayer distribution functionsg1m between layers 1 andm at pressureP52.0 and temperatureT51.20 ~crystal phase!. Continuous line, m52; long-dashed line,m53; dotted line,m54. The inset shows the same functions in the Sm-A phase (P52.0, T51.40). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-in-layer-bond-orientational-correlation-function-for-l1dtwo78.png FIG. 13. In-layer bond orientational correlation function for layerm at P 52.0 and different temperatures. The long-dashed line corresponds tom 51 in the crystal phase atT51.20 along the heating series; the dotted line corresponds tom51 in the Sm-A phase atT51.40 along the heating series; continuous lines are for layersm51,2,...,6 in the~imperfect! crystal atT 51.20 along the cooling series. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-in-layer-positional-distribution-functiong11-r-i-pm2ucjpq.png FIG. 11. In-layer positional distribution functiong11(r i) obtained at different temperaturesT along the isobarP52.0. Continuous lines are for temperaturesT51.0 and 1.2~Cr phase! and T51.4 (Sm-A phase! along the heating series; discontinuous line is forT51.2 along the cooling run. The inset showsg11(r i) at P52.0, T51.2 for two system sizes:N51640 molecules~continuous line! andN54000 ~dotted line!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-variation-with-temperaturet-of-the-layer-spacingd-in-ylpu2p8g.png FIG. 10. Variation with temperatureT of the layer spacingd* in the crystal ~low temperature! and smectic-A ~high temperature! phases obtained in the heating series. Results correspond to different pressures~labeled on the plot!. Filled symbols correspond to approximate values at the Cr–Sm-A transition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulation-results-for-thek54-4-gb-model-along-the-ndkpmu0m.png FIG. 5. Simulation results for thek54.4 GB model along the isobarP 515.0. ~a! Variation with temperatureT of the average number densityr along the heating series.~b! Variation with temperature of the order parameters along the heating series. Circles, orientational order parameterS; squares, translational order parametert ; diamonds, bulk bond orientational order parameterc6 . Filled symbols correspond to approximate values at the Cr-N transition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-approximate-phase-diagram-for-thek54-4-gb-model-in-qrjv1cah.png FIG. 6. Approximate phase diagram for thek54.4 GB model in theP-T plane showing isotropic~I!, nematic~N!, smectic-A (Sm-A), and crystal ~Cr! phases. Filled circles correspond to the~approximate! transition temperatures obtained on heating; open circles correspond to those obtained on cooling. Discontinuous lines are extrapolations of the simulation results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-variation-with-temperaturet-of-the-translational-order-27wwx7ia.png FIG. 8. Variation with temperatureT of the translational order parameter along the isobarsP53.0 ~down-triangles!, P52.0 ~circles!, P51.0 ~squares!, P50.4 ~diamonds!, and P50.2 ~up-triangles!. Filled symbols correspond to approximate values at the various transitions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-variation-with-temperaturet-of-the-orientational-order-3gf36tas.png FIG. 7. Variation with temperatureT of the orientational order parameterS along the isobarsP53.0 ~down-triangles!, P52.0 ~circles!, P51.0 ~squares!, P50.4 ~diamonds!, and P50.2 ~up-triangles!. Filled symbols correspond to approximate values at the various transitions. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-skyrmion-textures-and-the-role-of-thermal-3q00v3s865 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-free-energy-of-fluctuations-at-one-loop-order-in-the-rjxfwpaf.png FIG. 6. Free energy of fluctuations at one loop order in the short distance approximations (red circles) and taking into account the full set of fluctuations (open green squares). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-lowest-eigenvalue-of-k-for-the-skl-as-a-function-1obod400.png FIG. 7. The lowest eigenvalue of K for the SKL as a function of the cell radius R for the values of h displayed in the legend. The filled squares correspond to Goldstone modes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-tree-level-red-and-1-loop-green-contributions-to-2xyksq4f.png FIG. 8. The tree level (red) and 1-loop (green) contributions to the free energy density vs the cell radius for h = 0.9 and c0 = 8. In blue, the total free energy density. The vicinity of the minimum is magnified in the inset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-phase-diagram-the-skl-is-stable-in-the-magenta-region-gounq9yn.png FIG. 9. Phase diagram. The SKL is stable in the magenta region. The computations for the CH and the SKL are reliable in the regions filled with blue and magenta stripes, respectively. None of the known stationary points are stable in the yellow regions. A new modulated state is expected in the region signaled with a question mark (?), where the 1-loop approximation is expected to be reliable. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-equilibrium-wave-number-of-the-ch-as-a-function-of-12doymom.png FIG. 1. The equilibrium wave number of the CH as a function of h for the values of c0 indicated in the legend. The CH is a stationary point only on the left hand side of the broken red line, and its K operator is positive definite only on the left hand side of the solid red line. The inset displays the free energy to 1-loop level (pink) and its separate tree level (red) and 1-loop (blue) contributions for h = 0.8 and c0 = 15. The arrow signals the free energy minimum to 1-loop order. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spectral-density-of-the-ch-for-the-parameters-oyes7a9b.png FIG. 2. Spectral density of the CH for the parameters displayed in the legend. The line is a fit to the function ρ(λ) = √λ(a0 + a1λ+ a2λ 2) for λ < 2.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-one-loop-contribution-to-the-free-energy-density-for-1aec0gw1.png FIG. 4. One-loop contribution to the free energy density for the conical helicoid, as a function of the period L for the values of the angle between the magnetic field and the modulation propagation direction displayed in the legend. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-free-energy-density-at-tree-level-for-the-conical-d76gl3bn.png FIG. 3. Free energy density at tree level for the conical helicoid, as a function of the angle α between the magnetic field and the modulation propagation direction. The inset shows the spectral density in a typical case (h = 0.9, α = 15.5◦, and L/L0 = 1.2). https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-the-ferromagnetic-state-in-a-mixed-sp-2-sp-3-3qe53tpoql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-lattice-parameters-in-a-for-ovchinnikovs-structure-2gcy25di.png TABLE II. Lattice parameters in Å for Ovchinnikov’s structure Ref. 1 and the stable structure obtained in this work after relaxation with B3LYP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-stable-structure-obtained-by-relaxing-the-structure-in-3amkze8k.png FIG. 3. Stable structure obtained by relaxing the structure in Fig. 1 reported in Ref. 1. The spheres represent the C atoms, all sp3 hybridized. The lines delimit the primitive unit cells. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-all-carbon-structure-reported-by-ovchinnikov-et-al-ref-b6lh2h48.png FIG. 1. All-carbon structure reported by Ovchinnikov et al. Ref. 1 . Gray and black spheres represent sp2 and sp3 atoms, respectively. The lines delimit the primitive unit cells. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spin-density-for-the-antiferromagnetic-state-computed-2v40wuly.png FIG. 2. Spin density for the antiferromagnetic state computed for the structure reported in Ref. 1. Gray and black spheres represent the sp2 and sp3 C atoms, respectively. Gray and black lobes represent the electronic spin up and spin down densities, respectively, with isosurface values of 0.015 B /A3. The line delimits the primitive unit cell. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-the-glutathione-supplementation-into-parenteral-2vduaqdrdz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-impact-of-the-light-exposure-of-pn-solution-on-3jfqraid.png Table 1. Impact of the light exposure of PN solution on glutathione degradation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-impact-of-cysteine-and-mv-on-cysteine-consumption-in-1pffwlfm.png Table 4. Impact of cysteine and MV on cysteine consumption in PN supplemented with GSSG https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-impact-of-cysteine-and-mv-on-glutathione-degradation-13j67de7.png Table 3. Impact of cysteine and MV on glutathione degradation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-total-ion-chromatograph-of-solutions-containing-2fdmmjht.png Figure 2. Total ion chromatograph of solutions containing Cysteine + MV + GSSG after 0 or 24h. A peak of CYSSG appears after 24h. Black: 0h, Pink: 24h. CYSSG : cysteine-glutathione disulfide, GSH: reduced glutathione. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-in-the-presence-of-cysteine-transformation-of-l-3282174n.png Figure 3. In the presence of cysteine, transformation of L-glutathione disulfide into L-cysteine-glutathione disulfide. A reaction favored both by exposure to ambient light and to the parenteral preparation of multivitamin, which contains the photosensitive riboflavin (Rf). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-degradation-of-glutathione-in-pn-exposed-to-ambient-3p8fhjjv.png Figure 1. Degradation of glutathione in PN exposed to ambient light (259 ± 12,5 FC). The PN containing Dextrose + Primene + MV showed the most important loss of glutathione after 24h. D: dextrose, MV: multivitamins, ns: non significant, **: p<0.01, ***: p<0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-impact-of-peroxides-into-pn-solution-on-glutathione-36u3b58t.png Table 2. Impact of peroxides into PN solution on glutathione degradation https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-thermoelastic-contact-for-a-rectangular-elastic-47m49zaxjq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rectangular-block-sliding-against-a-rigid-wall-2s4fuihx.png Fig. 1. Rectangular block sliding against a rigid wall. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-the-regional-brewer-calibration-center-for-3npazkfnq8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-data-sets-used-in-this-work-1383nxr8.png Table 2. Summary of the data sets used in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-the-three-studies-comparing-the-relative-3lny28ik.png Table 6. Summary of the three studies comparing the relative standard deviations of the world reference triad, Arosa and RBCC-E triads. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-experimental-measurements-and-third-grade-triad-3vlb4cqu.png Figure 8. (a) Experimental measurements and third-grade triad fit and (b) relative difference by Brewer as function of the SZA. The drop is due to one Brewer was not operating for a few minutes and hence there are no simultaneous measurements between the three instruments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-rbcc-e-and-world-reference-triads-relative-monthly-1gg4tuku.png Table 5. RBCC-E and world reference triads: relative monthly standard deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-relative-ratio-of-the-monthly-values-with-respect-3chmpmoh.png Figure 7. Relative ratio of the monthly values with respect to the triad mean for the methods proposed for the world reference triad (Fioletov et al., 2005), daily mean (RBCC-E) and Arosa triad (Stübi et al., 2017). The gap for the Brewer #183 data was caused by the tropical storm Delta, which damaged the instrument. In 2010, Brewer #183 had a problem with a stepper motor micrometer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ozone-and-sulfur-dioxide-absorption-cross-sections-3bksmkju.png Figure 1. Ozone and sulfur dioxide absorption cross sections. The solar radiation is measured for the intensity bands (λ1–5 = 306.4, 310.1, 313.5, 316.8, 320.0 nm). In contrast, the wavelength λ0 = 303 nm is used for a checking routine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-daily-difference-of-the-ozone-reference-value-a-of-1oie9v21.png Figure 5. Daily difference of the ozone reference value A of each Brewer with respect to the triad. The values were obtained from the procedure proposed by Fioletov (world reference triad) and by daily mean (RBCC-E). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-absolute-and-relative-values-of-the-mean-shift-and-1ebt3mv7.png Table 3. Absolute and relative values of the mean shift and the standard deviation. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-toroidal-magnetic-fields-in-the-radiation-zone-30ci47j2et 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-boundaries-of-the-stability-region-for-symmetric-s1-2nsazsl5.png Fig. 2. Boundaries of the stability region for symmetric (S1) and antisymmetric (A1) perturbations. The instability is present in the region above the curves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ratio-of-the-internal-gravity-wave-frequency-1-to-the-2ip931ur.png Fig. 1. Ratio of the internal gravity-wave frequency (1) to the angular velocity in the upper region of the solar radiation zone as a function of the relative heliocentric radius. This dependence was obtained from the model for the internal structure of the Sun [19]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pattern-of-the-toroidal-magnetic-field-viewed-from-the-rhapiao9.png Fig. 4. Pattern of the toroidal magnetic field viewed from the pole: unperturbed field (left) and the field superposed with the most rapidly growing perturbations with equatorial symmetry types S1 (center) and A1 (right), for b = 0.1. The shortening of the magnetic flux tubes with the development of the instability can be seen. The global rotation is clockwise (south pole). The azimuthal drift of the unstable perturbations is opposite to this direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-growth-rates-of-the-most-rapidly-growing-perturbations-dvnsg6uk.png Fig. 3.Growth rates of the most rapidly growing perturbations as a function of their vertical scale λ̂ [see (13)] for two values of the magnetic-field amplitude b. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-contours-of-the-growth-rates-of-the-unstable-11lyk9x6.png Fig. 5. Contours of the growth rates of the unstable perturbations with equatorial symmetry type A1 in the plane of the parameters a and b, which determine the nonuniformity of rotation and the magnetic-field strength, respectively. The contours are labeled with values of the dimensionless growth rate σ̂ = Imω Ω0 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-same-as-fig-5-for-perturbations-with-equatorial-19butus7.png Fig. 6. Same as Fig. 5 for perturbations with equatorial symmetry type S1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-growth-rate-of-unstable-perturbations-s-imo-0-as-a-2tlfet6f.png Fig. 7.Growth rate of unstable perturbations σ̂ = Imω Ω0 as a function of the parameter b [see (23)] for λ̂ = 0.1. The upper horizontal scale corresponds to the field strength calculated according to (25) and the right vertical scale to the effective diffusion coefficient for chemical species, according to (26). The dotted line represents the parabolic approximation σ̂ = 0.1b2. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-transductive-regression-algorithms-1tzax599v3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mse-against-the-radius-r-of-ltr-for-three-data-sets-23f9e8aa.png Figure 1. MSE against the radius r of LTR for three data sets: (a) Boston Housing. (b) Ailerons. (c) Elevators. The small horizontal bar indicates the location (mean ± one standard deviation) of the minimum of the empirically determined r. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-or-decline-demand-or-supply-53e30g5d9f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-278w5lrb.png FIGURE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-logarithmic-prices-of-market-goods-and-foods-yigbhxgx.png FIGURE 2 LOGARITHMIC PRICES OF MARKET GOODS AND FOODS https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-znmgo-oxide-in-a-weak-alkaline-solution-56hpyk9ng9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ahn2-versus-hn-optical-band-gap-evolution-with-mg-2is77dm2.png Fig. 1. αhν² versus hν, optical band gap evolution with Mg doping for Zn(1-x)Mg(x)O (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.16). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-xrd-patterns-of-zno-and-zn-1-x-mg-x-o-002-main-peak-1vcgjsb5.png Fig. 2. XRD patterns of ZnO and Zn(1-x)Mg(x)O (002) main peak with Mg doping for x = 0, 0.08 and 0.16. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-open-circuit-potential-of-zno-full-line-and-zn0-84mg0-2ir4g389.png Fig. 5. Open circuit potential of ZnO (full line) and Zn0.84Mg0.16O (dot line) under daylight illumination in borax buffer solution (pH 8.4). (a) daylight exposure (b) 5 days in the dark before exposure to daylight. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-o-1s-and-b-zn-2p-xps-spectra-of-zno-dashed-lin-and-230vmdbb.png Fig. 6. (a) O(1s) and (b) Zn(2p) XPS spectra of ZnO (dashed lin ) and Zn0.84Mg0.16O (full line) after exposure to daylight illumination in borax buffer solution (pH 8.4), the inset of (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-afm-pictures-of-zno-a-and-zn0-84mg0-16o-b-naw66q11.png Fig. 4. AFM pictures of ZnO (a) and Zn0.84Mg0.16O (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-o-1s-xps-spectra-of-zno-and-zn0-84mg0-16o-27wed5ee.png Fig. 3. O(1s) XPS spectra of ZnO and Zn0.84Mg0.16O. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-verification-and-timing-contract-synthesis-for-3tkc1v6432 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-polytopes-s0-and-s1-computed-by-algorithm-1-using-1n94gfu2.png Figure 1: Polytopes S0 and S1 computed by Algorithm 1 using parameter setup C for system (20) with T = 0.1 and T = 0.5; S1 is strictly included in S0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-timing-contract-synthesis-for-system-20-region-t-of-1ujzrle8.png Figure 2: Timing contract synthesis for system (20): region T ∗ of timing contract parameters, for which stability is guaranteed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-algorithm-1-for-system-25-with-feedback-3lxyh2nz.png Table 4: Results of Algorithm 1 for system (25) with feedback gains K1 and K2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parameter-setup-for-algorithm-1-for-system-25-with-9gqemw77.png Table 5: Parameter setup for Algorithm 1 for system (25) with feedback gains K1 and K2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-timing-contract-synthesis-for-system-24-in-the-t-t-3se83fo5.png Figure 3: Timing contract synthesis for System (24) in the (T , T ) domain. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-some-of-the-existing-approaches-for-stability-37ifs8fk.png Table 1: Some of the existing approaches for stability analysis of linear impulsive systems with description of the modeling and computational approaches. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-maximum-value-of-t-for-which-stability-of-systems-23-y4y4u1j6.png Table 3: Maximum value of T for which stability of systems (23) and (24) could be proved by our approach and several existing methods, as reported in [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-algorithm-1-on-system-20-for-several-2jrd3fnr.png Table 2: Results of Algorithm 1 on system (20) for several values of parameters L (number of subsystems chosen to find the initial set S0) and kmax (maximum number of iterations of Algorithm 1) with N = 100 (number steps used in reachability analysis): for T = 0.1, maximum value of T for which stability could be proved; TCPU is the computation time in seconds; i, k are the index values for which the stability condition Sk ⊆ int(Si) is verified; m is such that H = H0 ∈ Rm×3 in computing (15) and (18). https://scispace.com/papers/stabilization-and-control-of-delayed-recycling-high-order-1mclz8blb1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-process-with-recycle-2ku8zyju.png Figure 1: A process with recycle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-output-injection-scheme-37kwemo9.png Figure 4: Output injection scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-proposed-control-scheme-for-recycling-system-2-3gjy2x13.png Figure 6: Proposed control scheme for recycling system (2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-proposed-control-observer-strategy-for-recycling-1buti2s1.png Figure 9: Proposed control/observer strategy for recycling system (37). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-main-idea-of-stabilization-2g1nj2fz.png Figure 8: Main idea of stabilization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-estimation-error-ey-t-by-considering-different-1coj5d2d.png Figure 11: Estimation error ey(t) by considering different initial condition in process and observer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-proposed-observer-scheme-22zgm5w8.png Figure 5: Proposed observer scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-stabilization-of-recycling-system-example-2-77hf0yn9.png Figure 12: Stabilization of recycling system, Example 2. https://scispace.com/papers/stabilization-of-nano-tio2-aqueous-dispersions-with-poly-2hiy4evr8i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-tem-micrographs-of-tio2-nanoparticles-suspensions-at-3i3lw174.png Fig. 8. TEM micrographs of TiO2 nanoparticles suspensions at 60000x magnification a) with Na-PAA and b) with mPEG45-b-P4VP13. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-dispersion-stability-along-time-for-nano-tio2-aqueous-1uxlctvp.png Fig. 9. Dispersion stability along time for nano-TiO2 aqueous dispersions with and without dispersant. Dispersions were prepared in the same conditions described in Fig. 7. The measurements are an average of three replicas; error bars represent standard deviations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-transmittance-of-different-varnish-films-with-and-2djfbiuv.png Fig. 11. Transmittance of different varnish films, with and without nanoTiO2, at 700 nm. Films contain 0.4 wt% of nano-TiO2 and the same amount of dispersant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-particle-size-distributions-history-of-nano-tio2-21sd7jes.png Fig. 10. Particle size distributions history of nano-TiO2 aqueous dispersions (a), and dispersion stability (b), for different dispersant/nano-TiO2 weight ratios: rd/n = 1 :1, rd/n = 1 :4, rd/n = 1 :6 and rd/n = 1 :10. The dispersant used was mPEG113-b-P4VP25 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-particle-size-distributions-of-nano-tio2-aqueous-39kmnw5y.png Fig. 4. Particle size distributions of nano-TiO2 aqueous dispersions stabilized with Na-PAA, one and four hours after the dispersion was prepared. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-particle-size-distributions-of-nano-tio2-aqueous-3fxvd9zf.png Fig. 3. Particle size distributions of nano-TiO2 aqueous dispersions stabilized with Na-PAA, and prepared under 100% ultrasonic amplitude and different times https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-sem-micrographs-of-surface-of-varnishes-containing-33a8660m.png Fig. 12. SEM micrographs of surface of varnishes containing nano-TiO2 stabilized with different dispersants. (a) and (b) Na-PAA, (c) and (d) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1h-nmr-spectrum-of-mpeg113-b-p4vp25-cl-block-copolymer-3kdl32dh.png Fig. 5. 1H NMR spectrum of mPEG113-b-P4VP25-Cl block copolymer. Their chemical structure and the proton identification scheme adopted for the NMR spectral assignments are also indicated. https://scispace.com/papers/stabilization-of-pan-tilt-systems-using-acceleration-based-txf0kl4pis 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-output-joint-velocities-26fivtzs.png Fig. 11. Output joint velocities https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-output-joint-angles-3h3ffb7k.png Fig. 10. Output joint angles https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-link-2-performance-specification-31h3puhc.png TABLE IV LINK 2 PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-link-1-performance-specification-2m6c3lkt.png TABLE III LINK 1 PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-cascaded-hgo-structure-w09cqqmb.png Fig. 1. Block diagram of Cascaded HGO Structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-control-block-diagram-302l99wd.png Fig. 2. Control block diagram https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scheduling-joint-velocity-signals-144wzxvr.png Fig. 4. Scheduling joint velocity signals https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-upper-and-lower-bounds-of-the-parameter-vector-4198xpua.png TABLE II UPPER AND LOWER BOUNDS OF THE PARAMETER VECTOR https://scispace.com/papers/stabilization-of-phase-pure-rhombohedral-hfzro4-in-pulsed-qeaafxud3i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rheed-diffraction-patterns-of-gan-a-b-and-hzo-c-d-1k8g16dg.png FIG. 1. RHEED diffraction patterns of GaN (a), (b) and HZO (c), (d) along the [10–10] direction of GaN (a), (c) and along the [11–20] (b), (d), showing the epitaxy of HZO on GaN. The blue lines are guides to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-ddpc-image-of-a-hzo-film-scale-1-nm-the-blue-box-is-pabpyms6.png FIG. 4. (a) dDPC image of a HZO film, scale 1 nm. The blue box is enlarged in (b). The blue (red) spots represent the position of the Hf/Zr (oxygen) atoms, with an overall displacement on 8.6 pm. (c) Simulated dDPC images for the R3m and R3 phases. The yellow and red lines emphasize the best match between experimental data and the R3 phase. (d) Simulated R3 unit cell. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-cross-sectional-haadf-stem-image-of-a-5-9-nm-hfzro2-2z9uyd80.png FIG. 3. (a) Cross-sectional HAADF-STEM image of a 5.9-nm HfZrO2 sample. The different layers are labeled with their respective material. In the HZO layer, the R1 and R2 domains have been indicated. (b), (c) show the Fourier transforms of the R1 and R2 domains, in which the diffraction spots are labeled. (d) HAADF-STEM image of a R2 domain. The inset shows the simulated HAADF image for the r phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-symmetric-xrd-scan-of-a-hfzro4-film-with-a-thickness-1abqpre6.png FIG. 2. (a) Symmetric XRD scan of a HfZrO4 film with a thickness of 5.9 nm. The plain arrow indicates the HZO (111) diffraction peak and the dashed arrow a satellite Laue fringe. The inset shows a rocking curve around the HZO diffraction peak. (b) Pole figures of the same film with six peaks at χ ≈ 71◦ labeled P1–P6. (c) Black: symmetric XRD scans of the 111 peak, red, blue, green: GIXRD scans of peaks P2, P4, P6. https://scispace.com/papers/stabilizing-intramolecular-cobalt-imidazole-coordination-3hq2uax82i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-structures-of-cbls-r-cn-cyanocbl-b12-r-ch3-3btyhaea.png Figure 1. Left: Structures of Cbls (R = CN: cyanoCbl (B12); R = CH3: MeCbl; R = adenosyl: AdoCbl). Right: Schematic representation of B12. The -, and -sites of the corrin macrocycle are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spectrophotometric-ph-titration-of-5-to-5-h3o2-from-1sql1vs5.png Figure 3. Spectrophotometric pH titration of 5+ to 5-H3O2+from pH 7.0 to pH 0.2. Insert: corresponding pKbase-off determination plot (absorbance at 555 nm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structures-of-a-cbi-1-2-b-the-intermolecular-model-29ni7sjn.png Figure 2. Structures of (A) Cbi 1, 2+, (B) the intermolecular model 3+ and (C) the intramolecular models 4+, 5+. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-kco-and-related-thermodynamic-constants-hpc9rzfr.png Table 1. Values of KCo and related thermodynamic constants for 4+ and 5+ (24 °C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gauche-effects-in-the-base-on-configuration-of-4-1xi6eeav.png Figure 4. Gauche effects in the base-on configuration of 4+ and 5+ and the respective base-off configuration 4-H3O2+ and 5-H3O2+. https://scispace.com/papers/stabilization-of-single-metal-atoms-on-graphitic-carbon-327vcrmawt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gentle-stem-analysis-of-a-model-ir-sahc-a-1mxuhhag.png Figure 4. ‘Gentle STEM’ analysis of a model Ir SAHC. a) Atomically resolved STEM HAADF image showing Ir atoms distributed across the ECN support, b) simultaneous STEM HAADF and c) BF images of the boxed region in a). The inset in c) is a local Fourier transform taken from the lower left hand region of the image. These images are a sum of 50 frames acquired rapidly over approximately 50 s and summed to produce images with high contrast and clarity. The very bright dot in b) is a single Ir atom anchored on a g-C3N4 raft. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stem-haadf-images-of-a-pt-mcn-p1-b-pt-ecn-p1-c-pt-3q91idie.png Figure 3. STEM HAADF images of a) Pt-MCN-P1, b) Pt-ECN-P1, c) Pt-BCN-P1 and d) Pt-MCND1, e) corresponding nearest neighbor (NN) distances of the Pt atoms in Pt-MCN-D1, compared to those expected for a random distribution of points in the same area (red line), f) EDXS elemental map of N (blue) and Pt (green) for Pt-MCN-D1. The arrows in a) indicate nanoparticles, which are also clearly seen in b) and c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bright-field-tem-images-of-the-a-bcn-b-mcn-and-c-2ayp7t36.png Figure 2. Bright field TEM images of the a) BCN, b) MCN and c) ECN carriers. The schematics inset illustrate structural models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-kmc-simulations-at-300-k-comparing-the-weight-3el4hyya.png Figure 7. KMC simulations at 300 K comparing the weight distribution (WD) of different a,b) Pt and c,d) Pd species with time. In the first simulations a,c), all s sites are occupied by atoms in the initial state, which are free to move during the simulation, other sites are vacant. In the second simulations b,d) the same amount of atoms is initially distributed uniformly between all sites. KMC simulations illustrating the impact of hydrogen on the stabilization of e) Pt and f) Pd atoms in gC3N4. In all cases 50% of the atoms are hydrogenated in the initial state and thus fixed in their positions, while 50% are free to move. The metal distribution in the initial state only occupies the s-sites. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-dft-optimized-incorporation-of-metal-atoms-in-g-1vavaeay.png Figure 6. a) DFT optimized incorporation of metal atoms in g-C3N4 (M = red, C = white, N = blue), showing the four identified equilibrium positions of metal atoms. Two are located slightly above (s) and below (u) the six-fold cavities between the tri-s-triazine units in the surface g-C3N4 layer, and another two are found above (v) and below (w) the six-fold cavities in the subsurface g-C3N4 layer. Some C and N atoms have been hidden to facilitate visualization of the metal. b) Identified transition paths of metal atoms inside the surface and sub-surface layers of g-C3N4, c) corresponding energy profiles for translocation of Pt and Pd atoms along these paths, d,e) identified equilibrium positions of metal dimers above d) and below e) the surface layer of g-C3N4, f) energy profiles for the association of metal dimers and their decomposition into pairs of atoms located in neighboring s+s, s*+u, or u+v positions (s* denotes s-sites occupied by hydrogenated, thus, immobile metal atoms or dimers). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-reaction-rate-of-1-hexyne-hydrogenation-in-103-mol1-3rii57q9.png Figure 8. Reaction rate of 1-hexyne hydrogenation (in 103 mol1-hexene molPd−1 h−1) at different temperatures and pressures over a, Pd-BCN-P1; b, Pd-MCN-0.5-P1, c, Pd-MCN-P1, d. Pd-BCN-D2, e, Pd-MCN-D1 and f, Pd-MCN-D2. The contour maps were obtained through spline interpolation of 14 experimental points. Reaction conditions: Wcat = 0.1 g, FL (1-hexyne+toluene) = 1 cm3 min−1 and FG (H2) = 36 cm3 min−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-direct-synthesis-d1-d2-and-post-synthesis-p1-3my7ao4f.png Figure 1. Direct synthesis (-D1, -D2) and post-synthesis (-P1) approaches to stabilize metal atoms within g-C3N4, exemplified for the mesoporous MCN carrier. In the idealized location depicted, the metal atom is coordinated by up to 6 nitrogen atoms within interstices defined by the packing of the tri-s-triazine units. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-a-pt-4f-b-ir-4f-c-pd-3f-core-ime0nore.png Figure 5. Comparison of the a) Pt 4f; b) Ir 4f; c) Pd 3f core level XPS spectra. The black lines show the result of fitting the raw data (black symbols), whereas the lines corresponding to the individual peaks are colored according to the strength of the metal-carrier interaction, varying from green (strongest) to orange to pink (weakest). The blue lines indicate the background applied. The https://scispace.com/papers/stabilized-benders-methods-for-large-scale-combinatorial-1k388qpavt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-gap-average-benders-iterations-and-average-1af0ppqh.png Table 3: Average gap, average Benders iterations and average CPU time for all the synthetic instances, for the five methods and two Benders variants (either classical or stabilized). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-performance-profiles-for-the-different-combinations-1chu3pbb.png Figure 5: Performance profiles for the different combinations based on upper bound https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-comparison-between-stabilized-benders-method-1-using-23wblhp9.png Table 7: Comparison between stabilized Benders method 1 using the barrier solver (meth1-stabilized-barrier) and CPLEX-Benders for a set of small 1H2D instances. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-disclosure-in-tabular-data-a-salary-per-1lhmip2v.png Figure 3: Example of disclosure in tabular data. (a) Salary per age and town. (b) Number of individuals per age and town. If there is only one individual in town t2 and age interval 51–55, then any external attacker knows the salary of this single person is 40000d. For two individuals, any of them can deduce the salary of the other, becoming an internal attacker. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-between-stabilized-benders-method-1-using-227sblyj.png Table 6: Comparison between stabilized Benders method 1 using the barrier solver (meth1-stabilized-barrier) and the state-of-the-art method of [20] for the real tables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-performance-profiles-for-the-different-combinations-1ylgrb3w.png Figure 6: Performance profiles for the different combinations based on CPU time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-1h2d-table-made-of-different-subtables-39q8jp86.png Figure 4: Example of 1H2D table made of different subtables: “region”דprofession”, “municipality”דprofession” and “zip code”דprofession”. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-real-tables-3ptcifvb.png Table 2: Characteristics of real tables. https://scispace.com/papers/stabilizing-effect-of-optimally-amplified-streaks-in-50b48h0ja6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-colour-online-stabilizing-effect-of-varicose-a-b-39rzk2t2.png FIGURE 6. (Colour online) Stabilizing effect of varicose (a,b) and sinuous (c,d) streaks on temporal (a,c) and spatiotemporal (b,d) growth rates of linear perturbations. Case A corresponds to the 2D reference wake while cases B, C and D correspond to increasing streak amplitudes. The basic flow is absolutely unstable if σ(v = 0) > 0. The presence of symbols on parts of the stability curves denotes the range where subharmonic modes are dominating. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-maximum-temporal-growth-rates-and-normalized-kinetic-yvvo653z.png TABLE 3. Maximum temporal growth rates and normalized kinetic energy production and dissipation components pertaining to the varicose streaky wakes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-colour-online-a-dependence-of-the-maximum-growth-236utd67.png FIGURE 1. (Colour online) (a) Dependence of the maximum growth rate Gmax of streamwise uniform (α = 0) sinuous perturbations on the spanwise wavenumber β for three selected Reynolds numbers Re. (b) Rescaled maximum growth rate Gmax/Re 2 dependence on β for sinuous (solid line, red) and varicose (dashed line, blue) perturbations. The lines correspond to the rescaled Re = 100 data, while the Re = 25 and Re = 50 rescaled data are shown as points. It can be seen how, when rescaled, data obtained at different Re collapse onto the same curve. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cross-stream-view-of-case-d-varicose-a-and-sinuous-2pg72dci.png FIGURE 5. Cross-stream view of case D varicose (a) and sinuous (b) nonlinear streaky wake basic flows. Contour lines, iso-levels of the total streamwise velocity UI(y, z) extracted at the time of maximum amplitude (black circles in figure 4); arrows, v–w components of optimal initial vortices given as initial condition at t = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-maximum-growth-rate-oi-max-and-of-the-2r5vqw1n.png TABLE 2. Comparison of maximum growth rate ωi,max and of the wave-packet trailing edge velocity v− computed for the unperturbed wake (case A, profile UM(y)), the genuine varicose streak D (profile UM(y) + ∆U(y, z)) and the ‘synthetic’ streaks D-Var (with profile UM(y) + ∆U(y)), D̃-Var (with profile UM(y) + ∆̃U(y, z)) and Dlin-Var (with profile UM(y)+ ∆̃Ulin(y, z)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-colour-online-dependence-of-the-maximum-growth-rate-1zaf067s.png FIGURE 7. (Colour online) Dependence of the maximum growth rate ωi,max (a,c) and the wave-packet trailing edge velocity v− (b,d) on the streak amplitude As (a,b) and the initial disturbance amplitude A0 (c,d). Zero amplitudes correspond to the 2D wake reference case. A (2D) spanwise uniform perturbation has been also considered for comparison. Symbols denote data points, while lines are linear and quadratic best fits to the data points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-colour-online-normalized-amplitude-of-the-v-y-2xl4uyng.png FIGURE 3. (Colour online) Normalized amplitude of the v̂(y) component of the optimal initial (t = 0) vortices (b,d) and the û(y) component of the corresponding optimally amplified (t = tmax) streaks (c,e), corresponding to the varicose (b,c) and sinuous (d,e) perturbations, for β = 1. i.e. λz = 6.28 (solid, red). β = 0.5. i.e. λz = 12.56 (dashed, green). and β = 0.25. i.e. λz = 25.13 (dotted, blue). The 2D wake basic flow profile UM(y) is also reported in (a) for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cross-stream-view-of-the-v-w-components-of-optimal-45ozrhbv.png FIGURE 2. Cross-stream view of the v′–w′ components of optimal initial vortices (arrows) and of the u′ component of the corresponding maximally amplified streak (contour lines) for Re = 50 and β = 1, α = 0. Optimal varicose perturbations are reported in (a), while sinuous ones are reported in (b). The 2D basic flow wake streamwise velocity is shown in grey-scale, with white corresponding to the free stream velocity and dark grey to zero (wake centreline). https://scispace.com/papers/stable-and-scalable-smart-window-based-on-polymer-stabilized-2ljnynj20w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-transmittance-versus-time-for-sample-1-kept-in-1vb5b70w.png Figure 4. (a) Transmittance versus time for Sample 1 (kept in room temperature) and Sample 2 (kept in an oven at 80 C). (b) Transmittance of a PSLC cell in the off state and on state as a function of switching times. (c) Response time of PSLC cells. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-prototype-of-a-g2-5-size-40-x-50-cm2-window-in-201ddyax.png Figure 5. (a) Prototype of a G2.5 size (40 × 50 cm2) window in the off state (0 V) and on state (40 V). (b) Transmittance of G2.5 size window versus wavelength under applying different voltages. A video of this switching action may be found in the Supporting information. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-view-sem-images-of-polymer-network-from-2hirx6h7.png Figure 3. Top view SEM images of polymer network from different monomer concentrations (the scale bar is 10 μm). Zoom-in images with a scale bar of 1 μm are showed in the top right corner of each picture. (a) 3, (b) 7, (c) 9, and (d) 20% monomer concentration. (e) Sectional view SEM image of polymer network from 7% monomer concentration. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-transmittance-voltage-t-v-curves-of-pslc-cells-1d73djz2.png Figure 2. (a) Transmittance–voltage (T–V) curves of PSLC cells prepared without monomer or with different monomer concentrations. (b) Threshold voltage (Vth) and saturation voltage (Vsat) of the PSLC cells with different monomer concentrations. (c) T–V curves of PSLC cells with different cell gaps. (d) Haze–voltage (H–V) curves of PSLC cells with different cell gap. (e) Vth and Vsat of PSLC cells with different cell gaps. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-illustration-of-the-pslc-based-system-lwnlzkg8.png Figure 1. (a) Schematic illustration of the PSLC-based system in the voltage-off state and voltage-on state. (b) Photograph of the PSLC cell in the off state and on state (40 V) (size 3 × 3 cm2). (c) Transmittance–voltage (T–V) curves and haze characteristic of the PSLC cell. (d) POM images of the cell in the off state (0 V) and on state. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/papers/stabilizing-policy-improvement-for-large-scale-infinite-jqfe4n29lb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2-graphical-representation-of-d-e8jqd94d.png Fig. 4.2. Graphical representation of δ. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-system-description-3d0if7m8.png Table 4.1 System description. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1-graphical-representation-of-system-2fthxrs1.png Fig. 4.1. Graphical representation of system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-1-residuals-from-real-world-classes-both-transient-and-2um1nx4y.png Fig. 7.1. Residuals from real-world classes (both transient and recurrent). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-3-comparing-blu-to-evm-using-the-difference-in-3u3ywdhp.png Fig. 7.3. Comparing BLU to EVM using the difference in residuals on a log scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-2-comparing-differences-in-residual-norms-between-15rma874.png Fig. 7.2. Comparing differences in residual norms between factorizations on a log scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-2-comparing-blu-to-evm-using-the-difference-in-257plcxr.png Fig. 6.2. Comparing BLU to EVM using the difference in residuals; confidence intervals for recurrent classes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-3-comparing-factorizations-using-the-difference-in-39x3dfdh.png Fig. 6.3. Comparing factorizations using the difference in residuals; confidence intervals for BLU and EVM on transient classes. https://scispace.com/papers/stabilizing-selection-and-the-evolution-of-genetic-variance-xykh2tp3vl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-the-additive-genetic-covariance-matrix-of-micro-215xfaps.png Table 3.4: The additive genetic covariance matrix of micro-environmental variance https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-variance-component-estimates-for-the-micro-l64l3m51.png Table 3.3: Variance component estimates for the micro-environmental variance of wing shape https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3-the-dominance-genetic-covariance-matrix-for-the-ehl9d601.png Table 4.3: The dominance genetic covariance matrix for the eight wing traits and fitness. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-the-number-of-elements-in-the-upper-triangle-of-1payle8w.png TABLE 4.1: THE NUMBER OF ELEMENTS IN THE UPPER TRIANGLE OF RELATIONSHIP MATRICES, WITH A GIVEN COEFFICIENT OF RELATEDNESS. ..................................................................................... 175 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-additive-and-dominance-genetic-variance-for-11cqhxjm.png FIGURE 4.2: ADDITIVE AND DOMINANCE GENETIC VARIANCE FOR FITNESS AND WING-SHAPE .......... 180 SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURE 4.1: SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS FOR EPISTASIS AND DOMINANCE FROM 50 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-cumulative-quadratic-selection-differential-in-ig-g6eo5u5z.png TABLE 5.1: CUMULATIVE QUADRATIC SELECTION DIFFERENTIAL IN IG ............................................ 201 TABLE 5.2: CUMULATIVE QUADRATIC SELECTION DIFFERENTIAL IN IM ............................................ 202 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-summary-statistics-for-each-of-the-eight-1mfusxxe.png Table 3.1: Summary statistics for each of the eight interlandmark distance wing traits and fitness. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-multivariate-trait-combinations-of-interest-10rheqbj.png Table 4.4: Multivariate trait combinations of interest https://scispace.com/papers/stable-aqueous-dispersions-of-hydrophobically-modified-z9dkjhwjb3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dynamic-vapor-sorption-data-for-r706-blue-and-c1-1ieko4xs.png Figure 4. Dynamic vapor sorption data for R706 (blue) and C1-R706 (red) plotted as the change in mass of the dry powders vs time in a dynamic atmosphere that switches between 0% humidity dinitrogen and 90% humidity dinitrogen. The gray dashed line indicates a switch in the flowing gas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cmc-adsorption-isotherms-on-r706-c1-r706-sio2-and-1ct35inc.png Figure 5. CMC adsorption isotherms on R706, C1-R706, SiO2, and C1-SiO2 at pH (A) 5, (B) 6.5, and (C) 8 in 0.1 M NaCl. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-change-in-the-zeta-potential-of-100-mg-ml-r706-and-7n46j655.png Figure 6. Change in the zeta potential of 100 mg/mL R706 and C1-R706 with added NaCMC in aqueous 0.1 M NaCl at pH 8. The samples were diluted 100-fold with deionized water for the measurements. The plot parallels the high CMC affinity measured in the adsorption isotherms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-stain-testing-results-displaying-22-9-pigment-188tdfpf.png Figure 10. Stain testing results displaying 22.9% pigment volume concentration (PVC) paint films after applying stains for 30 min. The right panel comprising hydrophobically modified pigment contains significantly less staining compared with the left panel consisting of unmodified native-oxide pigment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-of-the-rutile-tio2-core-and-the-5-nm-2f6pjtwn.png Figure 1. (A) Schematic of the rutile TiO2 core and the ∼5 nm aluminosilicate shell on R706. (B) TEM micrograph of R706 particles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-effect-of-polyanions-on-the-dispersion-stability-of-1o5uj8rb.png Figure 8. Effect of polyanions on the dispersion stability of unmodified and hydrophobically modified R706 materials based on the light transmittance at 310 nm of a 0.025 vol % suspension in 0.25 mM pH 8 HEPES buffer after centrifugation for 90 s at 1500 g. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effect-of-polyanions-at-different-concentrations-on-62xh8i9u.png Figure 7. Effect of polyanions at different concentrations on the dispersion stability of 0.025% vol. suspensions of R706 and C1-R706 in 0.25 mM pH 8 aqueous HEPES buffer solutions based on the transmittance at 310 nm through the supernatant after centrifugation at 1500 g for 90 s. Based on the lower light transmittance, the polyanions decrease the sedimentation of the particles and improve the dispersion stability. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-hydrophobic-modification-of-an-oxide-surface-by-9hudijt4.png Figure 2. (A) Hydrophobic modification of an oxide surface by treatment with dimethylalkylchlorosilane reagents. Incomplete capping of the surface hydroxyl groups is expected due to the steric bulk of the silanes. (B) Highlight of the hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface chemistry of R706 and the alkylsilane-modified R706 materials, respectively. 200 mg of the powder was added to 5 mL of water. The hydroxyl-rich R706 readily penetrates the surface of the water while the alkylsilane-capped R706 materials do not wet spontaneously in water. https://scispace.com/papers/stable-carbon-isotope-time-series-from-tropical-tree-rings-4fzbtr53mg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-results-for-d13c-time-series-of-trees-of-1njnkdjj.png Table 3. Correlation results for d13C time series of trees of the same species and/or from same site. 44 FICHTLER, HELLE, and WORBES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-high-resolution-d13c-profile-of-c-odorata-from-1ym0wq2l.png Figure 2. High-resolution d13C profile of C. odorata from Caparo, Venezuela, for the years 1968–1989; white and gray areas indicate different years. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-inter-annual-d13c-profile-of-a-t-sericea-terse-34-1cn6ptcn.png Figure 4. Inter-annual d13C profile of (a) T. sericea (Terse 34 and Terse 43) from Katima Mulilo, Namibia, (b) T. superba (Tersu 584 and Tersu 753) from Biakoa, Cameroon, (c) T. amazonia from Dorado-Tumeremo (Teram 621) and Km98 Sierra de Lema (Teram 628), Venezuela and La Selva (Teram 445), Costa Rica, and (d) C. odorata (Cedod 754), T. guyanensis (Tergu 455 and Tergu 756) and S. macrophylla (Swima 230) from Caparo, Venezuela. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-trend-of-maximum-annual-d13c-in-relation-to-mean-11wciykt.png Figure 6. Trend of maximum annual d13C in relation to mean annual rainfall in mm of the sites. Plotted data include corrected d13C values from radiocarbon studies listed in Table 1b. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-detrended-inter-annual-d13c-profiles-diamonds-and-18a2c2pd.png Figure 5. Detrended inter-annual d13C profiles (diamonds) and detrended annual rainfall time series (squares) of (a) C. odorata from Caparo, Venezuela, (b) T. amazonia from Dorado-Tumeremo, Venezuela, (c) T. superba from Biakoa, Cameroon, and (d), T. quintalata from Uriman, Venezuela. Note the inverse axis for detrended rainfall series. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-for-the-d13c-measurements-of-1snw50j0.png Table 2. Descriptive statistics for the d13C measurements of the 12 sampled trees (all values in %). d13C Time Series from Tropical Tree Rings 41 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-information-on-sampling-sites-and-species-for-stable-1kh9p9bf.png Table 1. Information on sampling sites and species for stable carbon isotope analyses (a) and radiocarbon dating (b); OD 5 obligate deciduous, EG 5 evergreen. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlation-results-for-stable-carbon-isotope-time-3njiol8q.png Table 4. Correlation results for stable carbon isotope time series of trees and annual rainfall time series. T. quintalata was a dead tree, all others were living trees. https://scispace.com/papers/stable-computation-of-differentiation-matrices-and-scattered-2odej98zff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-4-a-comparison-of-the-errors-when-using-rbf-fd-37l7phx2.png Fig. 5.4. A comparison of the errors when using RBF-FD stencils with N = 56 node points to approximate the Laplacian for a test function. For the RBF-QR method a constant shape parameter ε = 1.4 is used. For RBF-Direct the shape parameter is scaled with the node density and results for stencils augmented by polynomial terms of orders 0 to 3 are also included. RBFDirect with a fixed shape parameter is included for reference. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-the-number-of-scaling-coefficients-with-a-certain-3esa4mb1.png Table 4.1 The number of scaling coefficients with a certain power of ε in different numbers of dimensions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-3-the-error-when-applying-rbf-fd-stencils-to-a-test-2cff92zo.png Fig. 5.3. The error when applying RBF-FD stencils to a test function in 3-D for ∂/∂x (left) and ∆ (right) as a function of the node density. The stencil sizes are N = 10, 20, 35, 56, 84 corresponding to from second to sixth order polynomial approximation in the small ε limit. The resulting convergence rates coincide with the expected second to sixth order convergence for the first derivative and first to fifth order convergence for the Laplacian. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-2-the-errors-in-computing-stencil-weights-solid-lines-ehpjl2xu.png Fig. 5.2. The errors in computing stencil weights (solid lines) when using the RBF-QR approach in double precision. The reference values are computed using RBF-Direct and variable precision arithmetic. The dotted lines show the condition number of AΨ multiplied with machine epsilon. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-9-comparisons-of-convergence-trends-for-rbf-qr-and-rbf-mhq2415k.png Fig. 5.9. Comparisons of convergence trends for RBF-QR and RBF-Direct with respect to the square root of the stencil sizes √ nloc when solving the Poisson equation. The two leftmost subfigures are for Test case 1 and Test case 2 respectively with ε = 0.1. The right subfigure is for Test case 1 with ε = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-8-left-an-example-of-starfish-like-domain-discretized-3u0er1o6.png Fig. 5.8. Left: An example of starfish like domain discretized with N = 363 uniformly distributed nodes. Right: Sparsity distribution of the system matrix with stencil size nloc = 21. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-7-the-relative-error-in-the-stencil-weights-for-the-3say8ddd.png Fig. 5.7. The relative error in the stencil weights for the Laplacian (left) and the approximation error for the test function u (right) for the RBF-QR method (solid) and RBF-Direct with variable precision arithmetic (dashed) when using n × n node points on a uniform grid with the corner points falling on the unit circle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1-the-magnitude-of-tentative-pivot-elements-x-and-3jl0b7ul.png Fig. 4.1. The magnitude of tentative pivot elements × and selected pivot elements © for 11 points uniformly distributed over the line x = y (left) and 11 × 11 points on a uniform grid (right). The shape parameter value here is ε = 0.1 For smaller values, the distance between the magnitudes of the tentative and the selected pivots grows. https://scispace.com/papers/stable-centrosomal-roots-disentangle-to-allow-interphase-2bg7a2t7cs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-roots-disentangle-during-transient-centriole-splitting-be0odt11.png Fig 3. Roots disentangle during transient centriole splitting in interphase. (A) Quantification of centrosome cohesion in the interphase of various cell types through systematic immunofluorescent staining and analysis. The images show representative staining of PCNT (red; marking centrosomal PCM) and DNA (blue; hoechst 44432). The right panel shows representative segmentation of centrosomes (red), nuclei (blue), and cytoplasm (white) in Cal51 cells. The yellow asterisk denotes a cell containing 2 centrosome foci, separated by>1.5 μm. Scale bars 20 μm and 5 μm. The bar graph shows the mean percentage of cells with PCNT centroids separated by >1.5 μm, from a minimum of 500 cells. Error bars show SEM from 2 experiments. (B–E) Selected frames showing centriole splitting in live 3D confocal time-lapse imaging. Centrosomes are marked by either GFP-Centrin1 or NEDD1-mRuby3. Arrows denote centriole splitting events. The time intervals between frames are 12 minutes (panel B and C), 24 minutes (panel D), or 8 minutes (panel E). Scale bar 5 μm. See also S3–S5 Videos. (F) Centrosome cohesion in HeLa cells ± overexpression of eGFP-rootletin, measured by automated imaging and analysis. Horizontal bars show the mean of 2 experiments ± SD. P< 0.001 by Fischer’s exact test. (G) Opposing models of root behaviour during centriole splitting, termed ‘Stable contact’ or ‘Disentangle’. (H) Representative 3D SIM images of roots (green) after centriole splitting, with the indicated costaining marking either the PCM or centrioles (red). Scale bar 1 μm. (I) Representative airyscan image of roots after centriole splitting. Scale bar 1μm. (J) Root linkage plotted as a function of centriole spacing distance. (K, L) Live-cell airyscan time-lapse imaging of endogenous rootletin-meGFP and NEDD1-mRuby3 during a centriole split (panel K) and when remaining stably cohered (panel L) in Cal51 cells. Scale bar 2 μm. See also S6 Video and S7 Video. See S1 Data for source data for the charts.; meGFP, monomeric enhanced green fluorescent protein; NEDD1, neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 1; PCM, pericentriolar material; PCNT, Pericentrin; SIM, structured illumination microscopy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diffusionally-stable-roots-are-progressively-formed-7medm0sp.png Fig 2. Diffusionally stable roots are progressively formed from anaphase. (A) eGFP-rootletin fibres progressively assemble following transfection. The images are timepoints from a single cell, taken by live-cell 3D confocal time-lapse imaging. The arrows point to a fusion event of 2 preexisting fibres. Scale bar 3 μm. See also S1 Video for the full time course. (B) Representative images from single-cell 3-colour 3D confocal time-lapse imaging of rootletinmeGFP (green), NEDD1-mRuby3 (red; marking the PCM), and DNA (blue; marked by SiR-hoechst), showing root disassembly during mitosis. Images were smoothed for display purposes here using a 2-pixel median filter, but not for analysis. Scale bar 1 μm. See also S2 Video. (C) Cell cycle–dependent changes in rootletin-meGFP centrosomal fluorescence intensity. Centrosomes were automatically tracked as described in Materials and methods. Individual cell traces were manually aligned relative to anaphase onset based on SiR-hoechst staining of DNA (time 0). Mean +/- SD; N = 17 cells. (D) Root splitting during centrosome separation in early mitosis, showing rootletin-meGFP (green) and NEDD1-mRuby3 (red). Scale bar 2 μm. (E) Cell cycle– https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-independence-of-mother-and-daughter-centrioles-during-27ypsygj.png Fig 4. Independence of mother and daughter centrioles during interphase. (A) Root fibre area is significantly lower (P< 0.0001, t test) in split versus cohered centrioles. Anti-rootletin immunofluorescent staining was imaged and segmented, N = 36 cells from 2 experiments. (B) Rootletin immunofluorescent staining (green) is the same at both the mother or daughter centriole (n.s., t test). “M” and “D” denote mother and daughter, respectively, on the basis of CEP164 positivity. N = 21 cells per sample. Scale bar 1 μm. (C) PCNT immunofluorescent staining (of the PCM) is the same (n.s., t test) on either mother or daughter centrioles. Cells were imaged and analysed as described in panel B, except segmenting PCNT. N = 21 cells. See S1 Data for source data for the charts. (D) Cells with 4 centrioles might either maintain them as separate pairs or cohere them together (“Grouped”). (E) The pie chart shows the proportion of each GFP-Centrin1 centriole configuration in cells with 4 centrioles, produced as depicted in Fig 1E. The images are representative of each configuration. N = 196 cells. (F) Cells expressing endogenously tagged rootletin-meGFP were fused with cells expressing endogenously tagged rootletin-mScarlet. (G) Representative SIM images of single-colour cells and a fused cell, created as depicted in Fig 4F and described in Materials and methods. Scale bars 1 μm throughout. (H) Interphase centriole pairs contain large bifurcating fibres that disentangle when centrioles move apart>1.5 μm relative to each other. Root dissolution begins prior to mitotic centrosome separation and chromosome condensation. At the time of centrosome separation, roots are diminished in quantity and ripped apart during poleward movement of centrosomes. Roots form slowly over many hours from anaphase, as diffusionally stable fibres. PLK1-dependent modification of procentrioles allows root formation in the ensuing cell cycle. meGFP, monomeric enhanced green fluorescent protein; PCNT, Pericentrin; PLK1, polo-like kinase 1; SIM, structured illumination microscopy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-centrosomal-roots-are-large-bifurcating-fibres-3hsc1nx3.png Fig 1. Centrosomal roots are large bifurcating fibres licensed to form on procentrioles by PLK1 activity. (A) Systematic immunofluorescent airyscan imaging of rootletin (green) and the PCM marker NEDD1 (red), using the same conditions throughout all cell types. Confocal slices are shown. Scale bar 1 μm. (B) 3D SIM imaging of rootletin (green) and various centrosomal components (red). Rootletin is stained either by anti-rootletin antibody or by anti-GFP nanobody. Z-projections and single z-slices with segmentation are shown on the top and bottom rows, respectively. Scale bar 1 μm. (C) Quantification of the ratio of rootletin immunostaining area relative to GFP-Centrin 1 area from maximum-intensity projected airyscan images. (D) Rootletin immunofluorescent staining is equal in unreplicated centrosomes and diplosomes. Centrosomes were classified based on GFP-Centrin1 foci number, and anti-rootletin staining was segmented. Scale bar 1 μm. The mean is shown as + and the median as a horizontal bar. n.s., t test. N = 21 cells. Note that rootletin is shown in red in this panel. (E) Cells were arrested in prometaphase with either STLC (Eg5 inhibition) or BI2536 (PLK1 kinase inhibition) before being forced into interphase with RO-3306 (CDK1 inhibition). (F) Cells expressing GFP-Centrin1 (green) were treated as depicted in panel E before staining with anti-rootletin antibody (red). Maximum-intensity projections are shown. Scale bar 1 μm. (G) Root area per https://scispace.com/papers/stable-critical-gels-of-a-copolymer-of-ethene-and-1-butene-51f30ataax 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-consecutive-temperature-frequency-sweep-the-1ihjhcdv.png Figure 4. Consecutive temperature-frequency sweep; the temperature is raised by 1 K from one frequency sweep to the next. Part a shows the evolution of the storage (G′) and loss modulus (G′′) and part b that of the loss tangent tan δ. At 73 °C the initial slope of tan δ is zero, indicating a critical gel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-heat-of-fusion-hm-as-a-function-of-the-experimental-1b2u9e9j.png Figure 3. Heat of fusion ∆Hm as a function of the experimental time for constant TX and two different heating rates of 0.2 (b) and 10 K/min (9). The solid line is a linear fit to the data for 10 K/min; the dashed line has the same slope. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-heat-of-fusion-hm-measured-in-a-dsc-heating-scan-at-2wsnroyh.png Figure 2. Heat of fusion ∆Hm, measured in a DSC heating scan at 10 K/min, as a function of the heating rate (hr) (during approach of TX) for constant values of TX and tX. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-critical-relaxation-exponent-nc-and-gel-stiffness-3mx08kyo.png Figure 10. Critical relaxation exponent nc and gel stiffness Sc as a function of TX for the transient critical gels made by undercooling (open circles, nc; full squares, Sc) and the stable critical gel (partial melting, symbols with cross within). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-steady-state-values-of-relaxation-exponent-n-and-1er3ayqc.png Figure 9. Steady-state values of relaxation exponent n and gel stiffness S as a function of ω for the stable critical gel at TX ) 71 °C. The plateau at low ω gives the values for the stable critical gel, Sc and nc. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-temperature-protocol-for-dsc-and-mechanical-10hskj96.png Figure 1. Temperature protocol for DSC and mechanical spectroscopy. The sample is preheated at 130 °C for 5 min and then slowly (10 K/h) cooled to the room temperature where it is stored for several days. At the beginning of the actual measurement, the sample is equilibrated at 50 °C and then, with various heating rates (hr), brought to the experimental temperature TX. In the case of the DSC experiments samples are held at TX for some time tX. The heat of fusion ∆Hm is determined by heating the sample at 10 K/min. The oscillatory shear measurements are carried out continuously at TX. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evolution-of-the-storage-g-and-loss-modulus-g-each-tmqoc31c.png Figure 5. Evolution of the storage (G′) and loss modulus (G′′). Each single curve represents a frequency sweep starting with the low frequencies (ω ) 0.01 rad/s) and ending at the highest frequency (ω ) 10 rad/s). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-steady-state-values-of-tan-d-as-a-function-of-o-for-2pj3525a.png Figure 8. Steady-state values of tan δ as a function of ω for various TX given in the graph. At TX ) 71 °C the sample is at the gel point. https://scispace.com/papers/stable-cycling-in-quasi-linkage-equilibrium-fluctuating-1wzbmlcifc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-4-the-eigenvalues-of-the-equilibria-ph2-and-ph3-the-9q37dzar.png Table C.4: The eigenvalues of the equilibria Φ2 and Φ3. The eigenvalues do not depend on the condition https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relations-between-the-haplotype-frequencies-x1-x2-x3-316q6prt.png Table 1: Relations between the haplotype frequencies, x1, x2, x3, x4, the alleles controlling the recombinogenic protein type, A1, A2, and the alleles controlling the target site sequence, B1, B2. The table indicates that the allele frequencies are obtained by summing over the haplotype frequencies in the corresponding row or column. Explicitly, A1 = x1 + x2, A2 = x3 + x4, B1 = x1 + x3 and B2 = x2 + x4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-eigenvalues-of-the-saddle-equilibria-between-58pc5i0h.png Table 2: The eigenvalues of the saddle equilibria between which the heteroclinic cycle travels, used to determine the asymptotic stability of the heteroclinic cycle in discrete-time. Eigenvalues of type c are contracting (incoming), ones of type e are expanding (outgoing). Due to the symmetries in our system, the eigenvalues at Φ1 and at Φ4 are equal and the eigenvalues at Φ2 and at Φ3 are equal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relative-error-of-our-approximate-manifold-ds-to-23sv6ny2.png Figure 6: Relative error of our approximate manifold DS. To justify the use of the manifold derived from the continuous-time system, DS , we numerically compute the relative error between the manifold and the D component of an orbit of the discrete time system close to heteroclinic cycle. We compute both the manifold expression and the orbit at the generation times of the discrete-time model, n and plot the following error expressions |D(n) − Ds|/max (|D(n), |Ds|). Parameters were set to: γ = 0.25, δ = 0.3, A(0) = 0.9, B(0) = 0.9, D(0) = 0.05 and the values of β are indicated in the plot titles. The The insets show the same curves but with finer grain x-axis and y-axis scales allowing the bursts to be seen in more detail. The magnitude of error is always very low. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-basin-of-attraction-of-the-heteroclinic-cycle-31jwzp6f.png Figure 2: The basin of attraction of the heteroclinic cycle against β for the discrete-time model. The diagram shows the different qualitative behaviours of the model resulting from different initial conditions. The arrows point towards the different attractors. The shaded regions show the basins of attraction of heteroclinic cycle for varying values of δ (see legend). The diagram was constructed by starting orbits at different initial conditions, sampled at equally spaced intervals along the line connecting the equilibria Φ1 and Φ4 for which A = B and D = A(1−A) in allelic coordinates, or (x1, 0, 0, 1−x1) in gametic coordinates. We determine whether a specific orbit reaches interior equilibrium or a heteroclinic cycle numerically: if an orbit reaches within = 10−12 distance from the equilibrium, it is assumed to be at equilibrium. The first trajectory moving along the line of initial conditions which does not tend towards equilibrium is taken to be on the basin boundary. The heteroclinic cycle exists on the left of the vertical dashed line at β = γ = 0.5. At this point both the interior equilibrium and heteroclinic cycle lose stability and all trajectories tend toward one of the corner equilibria, Φ1 or Φ4. Parameters: γ = 0.5, δ as indicated in figure. Dashed lines represent unstable equilibria, drawn lines represent stable equilibria and small blue circles represent the heteroclinic cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-3-the-eigenvalues-of-the-equilibria-ph1-and-ph4-the-1m2ztd0x.png Table C.3: The eigenvalues of the equilibria Φ1 and Φ4. The eigenvalues do not depend on the condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-fast-approach-to-the-qle-manifold-shown-using-a-1qftzn8j.png Figure 4: The fast approach to the QLE manifold shown using a Poincar section. The dynamics of our model has two different times scales and shows slow-fast dynamics. (a) A typical trajectory of the model (1), simulated using β = 0.1, γ = 0.13 and δ = 0.11 and initial conditions (x1(0), x2(0), x3(0), x4(0)) = (0.24, 0, 0, 0.76). To visualise the slow-fast dynamics we following the Poincaré section x2 = x3 (=A = B) and record every instance where the orbit (shown in red) cuts through this section. (b) The intersection points for a orbit plotted on the Poincaré section. The points of intersection of 22 trajectories are shown. The trajectories have initial conditions equally spaced on the line connecting Φ1 to Φ4. The parameters used are β = 0.3, γ = 0.35 and δ = 0.2. The figure shows the fast approach towards the slow manifold (the thin, drawn lines connect the points of intersection from the same initial condition). The slow manifold is visible as the accumulation of points forming a curve. Although the true slow manifold (blue and green filled lines) and our approximation, DQLE, (purple dashed line) are distinct from the Wright manifold (dashed grey line) apart from at the corners, where they intersect, they are very close and the purple curve is covered by the blue and green line in most of the figure. Green dots are from orbits that end up in the interior equilibrium, Φ5, blue dots from orbits going towards the heteroclinic cycle. The gap on the slow manifold between the blue and green points contains the basin boundary. There will be an invariant closed curve located on the slow manifold in the middle of this gap. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-series-showing-examples-of-the-two-types-of-2pcz9bmx.png Figure 1: Time series showing examples of the two types of behaviour of the discrete-time model (6). The examples in the top row have initial conditions: A(0) = 0.05, B(0) = 0.95, D(0) = 0.0005 and those in the bottom row have initial conditions A(0) = 0.25, B(0) = 0.75, D(0) = 0.0005. Trajectories in both rows were solved with the same set of parameters: β = 0.1, γ = 0.13, δ = 0.2. The top row shows a typical trajectory nearby the heteroclinic cycle. It also shows that after an initial period of rapid change, the linkage disequilibrium eventually changes relatively slowly (D′ becomes approximately constant in time), indicating the convergence of the dynamics to QLE manifold. The bottom row shows a typical orbit exhibiting damped oscillations and convergence to the asymptotically stable interior equilibrium (9). https://scispace.com/papers/stable-extremely-high-damping-discrete-viscoelastic-systems-4zeeocgiwp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-viscosityh-in-units-of-kn-s-m-on-the-2vpcqneq.png FIG. 3. Effect of viscosityh ~in units of kN s/m! on the compliance and on the least stable eigenvalue ask1 is varied near the stability boundary~vertical line!. Quasistatic behavior; no inertial terms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-linearized-discrete-viscoelastic-system-which-exhibits-13regprr.png FIG. 1. Linearized discrete viscoelastic system which exhibits extreme high damping due to negativek1 . Negativek1 can be achieved from snapthrough of the elementsbc andbd in the inset diagram nearu50°. https://scispace.com/papers/stable-isotopes-and-diet-uncover-trophic-niche-divergence-3h69idd393 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-n-and-abundance-of-prey-items-per-taxa-for-1ej7y5qh.png Table 3. Number (n) and abundance (%) of prey items per taxa for each studied species. * Coleoptera families; + Hymenoptera family; ° Hymenoptera infraorder. Total number of faecal samples examined is given between brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-total-area-ta-standard-ellipse-areas-sea-standard-2t7pufaj.png Table 2: Total area (TA), Standard ellipse areas (SEA), standard ellipse areas corrected for small sample size (SEAc), standard deviation (SD), and ellipse centroids as the δ 13 C and δ 15 N average values for the six gecko species examined. https://scispace.com/papers/stable-high-efficiency-ionic-liquid-based-mesoscopic-dye-2bgmzs5yhg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-i-v-curves-of-dscs-based-on-k77-sensitizer-with-1gnmpx1y.png Figure 5. a) I–V curves of DSCs based on K77 sensitizer with PPA coadsorbant and the binary IL electrolyte using the optimal volume ratio of PMII/EMIB(CN)4, namely 65% of PMII and 35% of EMIB(CN)4, measured under different light-intensity irradiations. b) Photocurrent action spectrum of the above device. The active area of the device with a metal mask is 0.158 cm2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-time-dependence-of-photovoltaic-parameters-jsc-voc-1jxvnu0m.png Figure 8. Time dependence of photovoltaic parameters (Jsc, Voc, FF, and h) of DSCs based on K77 sensitizer and the binary IL electrolyte varied with the time during the accelerated tests at 80 8C in darkness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-electron-lifetimes-of-the-devices-based-on-k77-1mk8zvh4.png Figure 7. Electron lifetimes of the devices based on K77 sensitizer and IL with different volume ratio of PMII/EMIB(CN)4 at open-circuit voltage under varying light bias. Dot curve: PMII/EMIB(CN)4 is 20:80, square: PMII/EMIB(CN)4 is 65:35, triangle: 100% PMII. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-impedance-spectra-of-dscs-based-on-k77-and-the-3fyx3a8f.png Figure 9. Impedance spectra of DSCs based on K77 and the binary IL electrolyte (Z655) for the fresh and aged cell following the accelerated testing time (1000 h) at 80 8C in darkness, measured as 0.7 V bias. a) Bode phase plots, b) Nyquist plots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-molecular-structure-of-the-k77-sensitizer-1fa1ozmi.png Figure 1. Molecular structure of the K77 sensitizer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-electron-lifetimes-of-the-fresh-and-aged-devices-3vlhu2ci.png Figure 10. Electron lifetimes of the fresh and aged devices (after 1000 h accelerated testing at 80 8C in darkness) at open-circuit voltage under varying light bias. Dot curve: fresh cell, square curve: aged cell. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-short-circuit-current-density-and-photovoltaic-1br9dkrm.png Figure 3. The short-circuit current density and photovoltaic efficiency of DSCs under AM 1.5 sunlight (100 mWcm 2) as a function of the volume percentage of PMII in the binary IL containing EMIB(CN)4 as second component. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-transient-absorbance-decay-kinetics-of-the-oxidized-362i1xwp.png Figure 2. Transient absorbance decay kinetics of the oxidized state of K77 dye adsorbed on nanocrystalline TiO2 films in EMITFSI redoxinactive IL and in Z655 electrolyte. Smooth solid lines are single exponential fits of experimental data. Absorbance changes were measured at a probe wavelength of 650 nm upon 600-nm pulsedlaser excitation (5 ns full width half-maximum pulse duration, 20 mJ cm 2 pulse fluence, 30 Hz repetition rate). Signals shown were obtained by typically averaging over 3000 laser shots. https://scispace.com/papers/stable-grip-control-on-soft-objects-with-time-varying-x5f1oyfgcu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-conditions-36nn7je9.png TABLE I SIMULATION CONDITIONS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-summary-of-125-trials-in-total-tube-1-9-trials-with-3t9svft9.png Fig. 12. Summary of 125 trials in total. Tube-1: 9 trials with PID and 66 trials with the proposed controller. Tube-2: 12 trials with PID controller and 38 trials with the proposed controller. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-behavior-of-time-to-failure-for-the-proposed-2p1x30rk.png Fig. 4. Behavior of time to failure for the proposed controller for different values of η for δ = 0.3 and β = 2 N. All other conditions were identical to those in figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-behavior-of-time-to-failure-for-the-proposed-3i77j47x.png Fig. 3. Behavior of time to failure for the proposed controller on a soft tube that undergoes temporal impedance variation with different levels of variability in D. Each error bar corresponds to 100 trials. For each pair of δ and β , batches of 100 trials were repeated for 20 levels of variability in D for F∗n = 3N. The cyan horizontal dashed line shows the time at which the frequency of impedance variation changed from 0.5 Hz to 1 Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-change-of-control-effort-in-response-to-change-of-1o0hgwnr.png Fig. 13. Change of control effort in response to change of failure probability in the proposed controller and that in response to change of grip force error in the PID controller for both tubes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-barrett-hand-gripping-a-variable-object-in-three-19r4f2jl.png Fig. 1. The Barrett hand gripping a variable object in three different scenarios. A) The variable impedance object is pulled against a counter force (e.g. a pulsating artery is pulled by a robotic gripper in a minimally invasive surgery). B) The object is rotated against counter torque (e.g. a lung tissue is twisted by a robotic gripper to open a site covered by it in a minimally invasive surgery, twisting a doorknob, wringing a wet towel, or turning a key, where the stiffness is not uniform over the twisted angle). C) The object changes diameter by inflation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-behavior-of-different-pid-grip-force-controllers-for-2jr0ypw5.png Fig. 5. Behavior of different PID grip force controllers for various levels of variability in the nominal tube diameter in addition to Gaussian variation in impedance parameters. For simplicity, Isim was set to zero. Each error bar corresponds to 100 trials. For each pair of δ and β , batches of 100 trials were repeated for 20 levels of variability in D. The cyan horizontal dashed line shows time at which the frequency of impedance variation changed from 0.5 Hz to 1 Hz. The exponent 1e−N denotes 1×10−N https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-experimental-setup-diagram-28mkt4tp.png Fig. 6. Experimental Setup Diagram https://scispace.com/papers/stable-isotopes-and-diet-their-contribution-to-romano-3zli2kvvke 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-the-sites-referred-to-in-the-text-key-1-iron-ddnrwws8.png Figure 1. Map of the sites referred to in the text. Key: 1) Iron Age (IA) East Lothian sites; 2) Catterick; 3) Wetwang; 4) York; 5) Alchester; 6) Yarnton; 7) Cirencester, Stanton Harcourt, Horcott Quarry, Cotswold Community; 8) Gloucester; 9) IA Cornwall sites; 10) Glastonbury; 11) Poundbury and Dorset sites; 12) Danebury; 13) Winchester; 14) IA Hampshire sites. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-stable-isotope-data-from-york-in-comparison-with-7tqebxrd.png Figure 5. Stable isotope data from York in comparison with Roman-period data from different regions of the empire and beyond (individuals <6 years [where known] and extreme outliers removed; error bars indicate 2s.d.; data: Prowse et al. 2004; Dupras et al. 2008; Eriksson et al. 2008; Craig et al. 2009; Keenleyside et al. 2009; Crowe et al. 2010; Jørkov et al. 2010; Lightfoot et al. 2012). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-human-samples-from-roman-york-and-1rgkrkjt.png Figure 2. Comparison of human samples from Roman York and Iron Age Wetwang, Yorkshire, with average values for herbivores (cattle, sheep/goat) and fish from other archaeological contexts in York (data: Jay & Richards 2006; Müldner & Richards 2007; Müldner et al. 2011; this publication). Error bars indicate 1s.d. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-carbon-and-nitrogen-stable-isotope-data-from-roman-1q31gzgj.png Figure 4. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope data from Roman York indicating outliers and special burials. The stepped error bars and dotted/dashed lines delineate 2s.d. and 3s.d. Labels refer to individuals discussed in the text. Arrows connect dentine and rib values from the same individual (not all data shown) (data: Müldner & Richards 2007; Müldner et al. 2011; this paper). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-human-herbivore-cattle-and-sheep-goat-2c82x2fb.png Figure 3. Average human-herbivore (cattle and sheep/goat) differences for Iron Age and Romano-British populations with sizeable herbivore baselines (n 10). Herbivore averages were calculated as: (cattle average + sheep/goat average)/2. Duplicate samples, humans aged<6 years and outliers>2σ were excluded. Error bars indicate 1σ from the mean of the human samples. https://scispace.com/papers/stable-scheduling-policies-for-fading-wireless-channels-gphj49874r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-downlink-model-i8ohsvw8.png Figure 1: Downlink model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-queue-length-evolutions-in-the-stochastic-model-29d1py4i.png Figure 3: Queue length evolutions in the stochastic model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-policies-with-increasing-traffic-1135g3zs.png Figure 5: Comparison of the policies with increasing traffic intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-the-policies-with-increasing-2a7kxomo.png Figure 6: Comparison of the policies with increasing burstiness of the Bernoulli arrivals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-delay-characteristics-of-the-two-queue-length-1i3o7n6c.png Figure 4: Delay characteristics of the two queue length update strategies defined in Experiment 2, with varying load. https://scispace.com/papers/stable-steady-state-solutions-of-some-biological-aggregation-55rbie68u4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bifurcation-diagram-the-solid-and-dashed-lines-give-2b4lb8nm.png Fig. 3. Bifurcation diagram. The solid and dashed lines give predictions from our analysis regarding the steady-states and their stability. Specifically, the top branch is the global minimum energy solution (see Equation (4.10)), where this corresponds to a non-constant solution. The bottom branch gives the stability of the constant steady-state solution: solid if it is stable and dashed if it is unstable. The circles give numerical steady-state solutions from the numerical bifurcation analysis described in the Main Text. Here, P = 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-graphical-explanation-of-notation-panel-a-shows-an-1ukyq86x.png Fig. 1. Graphical explanation of notation. Panel (a) shows an example function for Td(Ui). Steady-states of System (3.1) occur whenever there is some constant µ such that Td(Ui) = µ for all i ∈ {0, . . . , N} (Equation 3.5). In the example shown, there are three possible values that Ui can take for the particular given value of µ. These are denoted by Vµ1, Vµ2, Vµ3. Panel (b) illustrates one possible corresponding steady-state solution. We denote by Aj the number of integers i for which Ui = Vµj (j = 1, 2, 3). In this example, A1 = 60, A2 = 0, and A3 = 41 (only A3 is shown on the graph, for simplicity). Note that, by construction, A1 +A2 +A3 = N +1 where N +1 is the number of lattice sites, and A1Vµ1+A2Vµ2+A3Vµ3 = Pd, where Pd is the total population size (see Equations 3.9 and 3.10). This constrains the set of possible steady-state solutions associated to each µ. Note also that no value of Ui can be greater than Pd (or less than 0) for any i, so values of µ for which the roots of Td(Ui) = µ are all greater than Pd (or less than 0) cannot lead to steady-state solutions to System 3.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-predicted-aggregation-width-panel-a-shows-the-effect-4y8sopyx.png Fig. 2. Predicted aggregation width. Panel (a) shows the effect of the population size, P , on the aggregation width. Dots (resp. crosses) denote situations where the constant steady-state is unstable (resp. stable) to linear perturbations. Note that, in some cases (e.g. P = 0.1, r = 6, see arrow in Panel a), the constant steady-state is stable, yet the global minimum energy solution is an aggregation. This indicates a hysteresis in the system, whereby aggregations will remain if already formed, but not arise spontaneously from small perturbations of the spatially constant solution. In Panel (b), we see how the aggregation width varies with the strength of contact attraction, r. The solid dots denote ‘pure’ aggregations whereby only one of vm∗1, vm∗2, vm∗3 (defined in Equation 4.10) is greater than zero. The unfilled circles represent situations whereby more than one of vm∗1, vm∗2, vm∗3 is greater than zero. Panels (c) shows that P appears not to affect the aggregation height (defined as maxj{vm∗j}−minj{vm∗j}). Panel (d) shows the effect of r on aggregation height. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bifurcation-diagram-for-a-nonlocal-aggregation-model-a-1754p8rj.png Fig. 4. Bifurcation diagram for a nonlocal aggregation model. (a) Solid lines show (numerically) computed stable steady-states under different values of sensing radius ξ. Specifically, the top branch describes a single cluster with the bottom branch showing the stability of the constant steady-state solution. The bottom branch becomes unstable at the critical threshold r∗ ξ , as predicted via linear stability analysis. The subcritical branch of the single cluster solution remains stable down to some lower threshold r∗∗ ξ , below which the cluster collapses and disperses. Solutions at the points marked by squares are shown in the plots in (b1)-(b3) and (c1)-(c3). For these plots, we set P = 0.1, d = 1 and k = 1. https://scispace.com/papers/stablecoin-billionaires-a-descriptive-analysis-of-the-3zl8pyguaf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-supply-controlling-roles-33iydn0h.png Table 7: Supply-Controlling Roles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-token-mints-2c7x3b0x.png Figure 7: Token Mints https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-accounts-analysis-d7o4w070.png Table 9: Accounts Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-transfer-volume-3h2nqqtt.png Table 5: Transfer-Volume https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-circulating-supplies-1ryxqb2p.png Figure 5: Circulating Supplies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-stablecoin-landscape-pbfvyv7u.png Table 2: Stablecoin Landscape https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-supply-shares-2019-20-2ycen6mk.png Figure 6: Supply Shares 2019/20 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-stablecoin-wealth-distribution-3qc72ueq.png Table 8: Stablecoin Wealth Distribution https://scispace.com/papers/stack-contamination-effects-during-small-scale-combustion-41uqvvulgs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-exhaust-duct-sampling-condit-ions-2rs5o4px.png TABLE 1. Exhaust Duct Sampling Condit ions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-xad-2-cleanup-solvent-scheme-2l8i69pl.png TABLE 2. XAD-2 Cleanup Solvent Scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mass-chromatogram-a-t-m-z-212-of-stack-gases-23xxl9qd.png Figure 5. Mass chromatogram a t m / z 212 of stack gases sampled from Burn no. 2 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mass-chromatogram-a-t-m-z-212-o-f-stack-gases-from-1zprvxis.png Figure 6. Mass chromatogram a t m/z 212 o f stack gases from Burn no.3; https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-sampling-train-3jg42fss.png FIGURE I. SAMPLING TRAIN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-total-ion-chromatograms-a-stack-gases-from-methanol-1fd5c2ws.png Figure 7. Total ion chromatograms: A. stack gases from methanol burn, partial cleanup; B. stack gases from methanol burn after complete cleanup; C. background. Legend of components: I. phthalates; 2. silicones; 3. allphatlcs; 4. aromatics; 5. sulfur compounds. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-recovered-dipn-stack-vapors-3i0fdp66.png TABLE 5 . Recovered DIPN Stack Vapors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-adsorbent-sampler-111hl72r.png Figure 3. Adsorbent Sampler https://scispace.com/papers/staff-training-and-challenging-behaviour-who-needs-it-1q99h4v9hs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-workforce-planning-1dqvdg1x.png Table 1 Workforce planning https://scispace.com/papers/stacking-dependent-superstructures-at-stepped-armchair-1ws6d7b6qy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-taxonomy-of-basic-electronic-superstructures-b-d-2czr03el.png FIG. 1. (a) Taxonomy of basic electronic superstructures. (b)–(d) Simulated STM images of the top layer at armchair edges of 1, 2, and 3-layer stacks with various stacking sequences: semi-infinite top-layer(s), infinite bottom layer(s). Bilayer stacking schematics: top layer pink, bottom layer blue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-stm-image-above-bilayer-region-at-the-stepped-3h3o0cy5.png FIG. 3. (a) STM image above bilayer region at the stepped bilayer/trilayer interface corresponding to the similarly shaped area in Fig. 2(a); edge termination in purple. STM simulations of (b) edge superstructures on the bilayer side of AB-ABA bilayer/trilayer armchair interface, and (c) armchair bilayer nanoribbons n¼ 17 or n¼ 16 rows wide. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-stm-image-and-b-topographic-profile-of-bilayer-2o9s1g9c.png FIG. 2. (a) STM image and (b) topographic profile of bilayer-trilayer armchair boundary at an edge. Top layer reveals ABA (dominant) and ABB stackings. (c) Highlighted ABA and ABB regions, insets 1 and 2, respectively. Inset 3: ABB region in the cradle of two defective/strained regions, with lines (i) and (ii) at a non-zero angle, indicating local strain, and accolade, which marks perturbations in the edge superstructure aligned to the zigzag direction. Armchair (dashed) and zigzag (continuous) directions, in right corner. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-experimental-stm-image-above-the-top-layer-of-the-1nifdidp.png FIG. 4. (a) Experimental STM image above the top layer of the trilayer. (b) Region inside rectangle in (a) shows ABB to ABA stacking transition and change in superstructure, panel 2 highlights patterns in 1; localized edge defects produce a ð ffiffiffi 3 p ffiffiffi 3 p Þ R30 superstructure. (c),(d) Simulations: edge superstructures for different stackings and (also Fig. 1(d)) different extents of the lower layers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-aba-trilayer-graphene-a-band-structure-b-density-of-12njgpf0.png FIG. 5. ABA-trilayer graphene: (a) band structure; (b) density of states of linear and parabolic bands; (c) intervalley and intravalley scattering processes involving the dominant parabolic band. Only conduction bands shown. Dotted lines in (a), (c) symbolize the low energy levels probed here, significantly lower than ffiffiffi 2 p t0 0:2 eV, the onset of the second set of parabolic bands. https://scispace.com/papers/staff-turnover-in-hotels-exploring-the-quadratic-and-linear-2oo0o69xdl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-construct-indicators-measurement-scale-descriptive-23ere3es.png Table 1 Construct indicators: measurement scale, descriptive measures, item loadings and validity and reliability measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-matrix-of-constructs-38wuzitd.png Table 2 Correlation Matrix of Constructs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-y7nyazgt.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-9t0jwxrt.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-linear-relationship-between-job-security-and-1k53e5bo.png Figure 4 The linear relationship between job security and earnings and intention to leave job https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-model-path-coefficients-and-t-values-2pxdut88.png Table 3 Model Path Coefficients and t-values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-linear-relationship-between-organizational-3g0zjn01.png Figure 5 The Linear relationship between organizational loyalty and intention to leave job https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3tfwd9q6.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/stage-specific-expression-of-the-proline-alanine-transporter-v3wq22pk5v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ldaap24-degradation-is-lysosome-and-proteasome-4kao4nc2.png Fig. 4. LdAAP24 degradation is lysosome and proteasome-dependent. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mrna-levels-of-ldaap24-do-not-change-during-axenic-lwjo17gx.png Fig. 5. mRNA levels of LdAAP24 do not change during axenic differentiation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rapid-down-regulation-of-ldaap24-abundance-during-2791xxg7.png Fig. 1. Rapid down-regulation of LdAAP24 abundance during first phase ofL. donovani axenic differentiation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-promastigote-to-amastigote-differentiation-signal-not-1w57bor4.png Fig. 2. Promastigote to amastigote differentiation signal, not acidic pH or elevated temperature alone, initiate LdAAP24 degradation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ldaap24-undergoes-partial-degradation-during-first-48-234y7w3t.png Fig. 3. LdAAP24 undergoes partial degradation during first 48 h of macrophage infection. https://scispace.com/papers/stage-ii-crack-propagation-direction-determination-under-14ojhnw2z0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cylinder-plane-contact-model-contact-area-2a-357-mm-3gl17tn0.png Figure 4 - Cylinder/plane contact model (contact area 2a=3,57 mm, central stick zone of varying diameter, maximum value 2c=2,54 mm) and tangential variations over a loading cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-sif-variations-at-left-crack-tip-over-a-load-cycle-1up3wug7.png Figure 12 - SIF variations at left crack tip over a load cycle. J,2 mm crack length. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-tensile-stress-j-m-and-shear-stress-l-n-3grt47dm.png Figure 5 - Average tensile stress (J'm and shear stress 'l;n with respect to a direction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-theoretical-results-type-i-crack-initiation-zone-1hbvxvww.png Figure 6 - Theoretical results. Type I crack initiation zone � and type II crack initiation zone I•:': I: I a in the microsliding zone WTM . Extension angle a https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-crack-extension-angles-00-derived-from-the-different-y9vvytil.png Table 1 - Crack extension angles 00 derived from the different criteria https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-running-condition-fretting-map-rcfm-and-material-1pgt88in.png Figure 1 - Running Condition Fretting Map (RCFM) and Material Response Fretting Map (MRFM) (PS: Partial Slip characterized by quasi-closed Q-o loops), MFR: Mixed Fretting Regime characterized by quasi-closed, parallelepipedic and elliptic Q-o loops , GSR: Gross Slip Regime characterized by parallelepipedic Q-oloops) [5]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-cr88min-cto-nax-llctb-1cr88-and-l1i-8-variations-bdgpyqji.png Figure 15 - cr88min. CTO(}nax, LlCTB(} ..1cr88* and L1i;.8 variations at crack tip over a load cycle versus the crack extension angle (}. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sif-k1-and-ku-at-initial-crack-tip-sif-k1-and-k2-at-3u3lgg2c.png Figure 7 - SIF K1 and Ku at initial crack tip, SiF k1 and k2 at branched crack tip, tangential stress CTee and shear stress tre ahead of crack tip. https://scispace.com/papers/staging-of-rectal-cancer-by-endorectal-ultrasonography-5c34a41i5g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ut3-rectal-cancer-xcxkufgb.png Figure 3. uT3 rectal cancer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ut4-rectal-cancer-invasion-into-posterior-vaginal-rwo8brma.png Figure 4. uT4 rectal cancer (invasion into posterior vaginal wall) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-un1-metastatic-lymph-node-in-perirectal-fat-30w72ig8.png Figure 5. uN1 (metastatic lymph node in perirectal fat) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-erus-layers-of-rectal-wall-schema-311wkwg4.png Figure 1. ERUS: layers of rectal wall (schema) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-staging-of-rectal-cancer-by-erus-14s227uz.png Table 1. Staging of rectal cancer by ERUS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ut2-rectal-cancer-390w89jn.png Figure 2. uT2 rectal cancer https://scispace.com/papers/stakeholder-perceptions-of-risk-in-mandatory-corporate-466m12p6ks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cultural-theory-interpretive-guidelines-tdp4dcm3.png TABLE 2 Cultural theory interpretive guidelines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cultural-theory-and-risk-perceptions-a2p3u56v.png TABLE 3 Cultural theory and risk perceptions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-frequency-of-worldviews-by-stakeholder-19r2crbe.png TABLE 4 Frequency of worldviews by stakeholder. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-market-reaction-analysis-nw7qcse3.png TABLE 6 Market reaction analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-descriptive-statistics-2cmyylrv.png TABLE 5 Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/papers/stakeholder-perceptions-of-marine-plastic-waste-management-2eda9v5azy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-factor-array-q-sort-values-ranked-score-from-4-to-4-3rnl73ti.png Table 2. Factor array. Q-sort values (ranked score from -4 to +4) for each of the final Q-set statements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-participant-factor-loadings-pf2hye7s.png Table 5. Participant factor loadings https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fixed-quasi-normal-distribution-of-the-q-sort-zpte83kf.png Table 4. Fixed quasi-normal distribution of the Q-sort. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-qsortware-interface-1juuuimf.png Figure 1. The Qsortware interface https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-demographic-profile-of-the-study-participants-p-set-113ncymv.png Table 3. Demographic profile of the study participants (P-set) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-concourse-themes-and-selected-q-set-statements-oag272kc.png Table 1. Concourse themes and selected q-set statements. https://scispace.com/papers/staircase-traversal-via-reinforcement-learning-for-active-muohztg9rh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-nesm-notations-39ezz4ou.png Fig. 4: NESM notations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-stair-traversal-task-illustration-30qk2c98.png Fig. 2: Stair traversal task illustration https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-stair-configurations-used-in-evaluation-f20b9q1s.png TABLE I: Stair configurations used in evaluation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-smoothed-cumulative-reward-r-t-during-a-learning-and-b-19mzxhzf.png Fig. 5: Smoothed cumulative reward R(τ) during (a) learning and (b) testing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-platform-and-application-scope-scewo-bro-2t7bft5i.png Fig. 1: Example platform and application scope: Scewo Bro wheelchair traversing a staircase (https://scewo.ch/en/bro/). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-smoothed-instability-i-during-learning-and-tests-tpfy7uxa.png Fig. 6: Smoothed instability I during learning and tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-resilience-to-noise-for-safety-constrains-during-wj458cll.png TABLE II: Resilience to noise for safety constrains during learning https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-smoothed-cumulative-reward-r-t-during-learning-and-2w3rw5va.png Fig. 8: Smoothed cumulative reward R(τ) during learning and tests, noising https://scispace.com/papers/stand-structure-and-acorn-production-of-the-island-scrub-oak-36bbwfap30 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-transect-and-survey-locations-in-the-3-quercus-2zf1otej.png Fig. 1. Map of transect and survey locations in the 3 Quercus pacifica populations: A, Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz islands; B, Santa Catalina Island; C, plot-wide survey trees on Santa Cruz Island. Inset shows location of study area in relation to California. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-acorn-productivity-of-quercus-pacifica-trees-n-131-in-2zjjq0w5.png Fig. 4. Acorn productivity of Quercus pacifica trees (n = 131) in the plot-wide survey on Santa Cruz Island from 2009 to 2012, overall and by plot. Black horizontal bars indicate the mean; boxes, the interquartile range; and whiskers extend to 1.5 times that range. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-temperatures-and-precipitation-on-santa-cruz-island-3jyv6q3p.png TABLE 1. Temperatures and precipitation on Santa Cruz Island from 2008 to 2012a. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-acorn-productivity-of-all-trees-n-198-quercus-pacifica-2u4v8e2a.png Fig. 3. Acorn productivity of all trees (n = 198), Quercus pacifica (n = 141), and Quercus agrifolia (n = 57) in the island-wide survey on Santa Cruz Island, 2008–2012. Black horizontal bars indicate the mean; boxes, the interquartile range; and whiskers extend to 1.5 times that range. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-island-wide-acorn-counts-on-santa-cruz-island-the-ajir8qeu.png TABLE 3. Island-wide acorn counts on Santa Cruz Island. The role of year, elevation, crown diameter, and their interactions in predicting acorn counts on specific trees. Type II ANOVA for island-wide acorn count GLMM with Poisson error distribution (n = 123 trees; 5 years). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-stand-density-transects-location-general-aspect-1gr9s2ik.png TABLE 2. Stand-density transects. Location (general aspect), number of sampling points, overall and partial density for Quercus pacifica and Quercus agrifolia (trees · ha–1), and percentage of Q. pacifica trees with acorns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-influence-of-elevation-on-acorn-counts-of-quercus-3izs380i.png Fig. 5. The influence of elevation on acorn counts of Quercus pacifica trees (n = 140) in the island-wide survey on Santa Cruz Island, 2008–2012, by year and for all years combined. Filled circles indicate zero counts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-frequency-distribution-of-crown-diameters-for-quercus-1iiljx9f.png Fig. 2. Frequency distribution of crown diameters for Quercus pacifica trees in the 3 island populations. https://scispace.com/papers/standard-values-in-nutrition-and-metabolism-being-the-second-1afammtec4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-113-118-119-122-126-filamentous-fungi-see-also-fungi-215-ydgbrxfb.png FIG. 113, 118, 119, 122, 126 FILAMENTOUS FUNGI (See also FUNGI). 215-219 https://scispace.com/papers/standard-multiscale-entropy-reflects-spectral-power-at-42f1zp5q78 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-issue-2-traditional-scale-derivation-leads-to-diffuse-2e9k4wda.png Fig 3. Issue 2: Traditional scale derivation leads to diffuse time-scale reflections of spectral power. (A) Exemplary sample entropy estimation in the same empirical EEG signal shown in Fig 1B, but without application of a high-pass filter, thus including dominant slow dynamics. See Fig 1B for a legend of the Figure elements. In brief, green elements indicate pattern matches at m+1, whereas red elements indicate pattern mismatches at m+1. In the presence of large low-frequency fluctuations, sample entropy at fine scales (here scale 1) may to a large extent characterize the temporal regularity of slow dynamics. Note that this is not a case of biased similarity bounds, but a desired adjustment to the large amplitude of slow fluctuations. The inset shows an extended segment (800 ms) of the same signal, allowing for an assessment of the slower signal dynamics. The red box indicates the 100 ms signal shown in the main plot. (B) A scalewise filter implementation controls the scale-wise spectral content, as schematically shown here for the filterdependent representation of spectral content at a time scale of approximately 10 Hz (for a note on the x-axis labeling, see methods: Calculation of multi-scale sample entropy). Traditionally, low-pass filters are used to derive coarser scales, which introduces a sensitivity to slower fluctuations. However, other filter implementations can be used to e.g., investigate the pattern irregularity of fast signal variations. No matter whether low or high pass filters are used, the spectral content influencing entropy estimates is by definition not specific to any particular time scale; band-pass filters provide one viable solution permitting such specificity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-timescale-dependent-age-differences-in-spectral-power-3b8nl6r0.png Fig 6. Timescale-dependent age differences in spectral power and entropy during eyes open rest. (A) MSE (A1) and power (A2) spectra for the two age groups. Error bars show standard errors of the mean. Note that in contrast to standard presentations of power, the log-scaled x-axis in A2 is sorted by decreasing frequency to enable a better visual comparison with entropy time scales (see also Fig 2D). Similarly, the x-axis in A1 has been log-scaled to allow easier visual comparison with log-scaled values in A2 and emphasize fine-scale differences (cf. Fig 7A1). Inset labels refer to the approximate time scales across which topographies are plotted in B & C. T-values of power age contrast are shown in S5 Fig. (B, C) Topographies of age differences indicate mirrored age differences in fast entropy and low frequency power, as well as coarse entropy and high frequency power. Significant differences are indicated by yellow dots. Pvalues correspond to the two/sided significance test of the cluster-level statistic. (D1) Spectral slopes across age groups. (D2) Age differences in spectral slopes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-narrowband-mse-reflects-age-differences-in-alpha-and-1syz59y1.png Fig 10. Narrowband MSE reflects age differences in alpha- and beta-specific event (ir)regularity. (A, B) Narrowband MSE indicates age differences in the pattern complexity at alpha (A) and beta (B) frequencies. (C, D) Alpha, but not beta power consistently correlates negatively with individual narrowband entropy within clusters of age differences. (E, F) Similarly, alpha but not beta similarity bounds show an inverted age effect with similar topography. (G, H) Single-trial rhythm detection highlights a more transient appearance of beta compared with alpha events. Data are collapsed across age groups. (I, J) The rate of stereotypical single-trial alpha and beta events is anticorrelated with individual narrowband entropy. (K, L) The rate of spectral events exhibits age differences that mirror those observed for entropy. Note that the same color range, plotted in the lower row, was plotted for all topographies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-presence-of-low-and-high-frequency-content-renders-1282i2qx.png Fig 9. The presence of low- and high-frequency content renders fine entropy slopes sensitive to PSD slopes. A) Sample entropy at fine time scales represents the slope of power spectral density across age groups. The 7–13 Hz range was excluded prior to the PSD slope fit to exclude the rhythmic alpha peak (see Fig 8B). (B) The presence of both slow and fast dynamics is required for positive associations with PSD slopes to emerge. The direction and magnitude of correlations of scale-wise entropy with PSD slopes depends on the choice of global vs. rescaled similarity bounds, as well as the choice of filtering. Original entropy inverts from a positive correlation with PSD slope at fine scales to a negative association at coarse scales. Rescaling of the similarity bound abolishes the negative correlation of coarse-scale entropy with PSD slopes. S6 Fig presents scatter plots of these relationships. The x-axis indicates the upper frequency bounds for the low-pass version. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-traditional-mse-estimation-procedure-a-multi-scale-3fm179fv.png Fig 1. Traditional MSE estimation procedure. (A) Multi-scale entropy is an extension of sample entropy, an information-theoretic metric intended to describe the temporal irregularity of time series data. To estimate entropy for different time scales, the original signal is traditionally ‘coarse-grained’ using low-pass filters, followed by the calculation of the sample entropy. (B) Sample entropy estimation procedure. Sample entropy measures the conditional probability that two amplitude patterns of sequence length m (here, 2) remain similar (or matching) when the next sample m + 1 is included in the sequence. Hence, sample entropy increases with temporal irregularity, i.e., with the number of m-length patterns that do not remain similar at length m+1 (non-matches). To discretize temporal patterns from continuous amplitudes, similarity bounds (defined as a proportion r, here .5, of the signal’s standard deviation [SD]) define amplitude ranges around each sample in a given template sequence, within which matching samples are identified in the rest of the time series. These are indicated by horizontal grey and green bars around the first three template samples. This procedure is applied to each template sequence in time, and the pattern counts are summed to estimate the signal’s entropy. The exemplary time series is a selected empirical EEG signal that was 40-Hz high-pass filtered with a 6th order Butterworth filter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-divergence-of-scale-specific-signal-variance-from-3i1rg2zc.png Fig 8. Divergence of scale-specific signal variance from global similarity bounds accounts for age differences in coarse-scale entropy. (A, B) A global similarity bound does not reflect the spectral shape, thus leading to disproportionally liberal criteria at coarse scales following the successive removal of high-frequency variance (see Fig 2C–2E for the schematic example). Scale-dependent variance is more quickly reduced in older compared to younger adults (A) due to the removal of more prevalent high-frequency variance in the older group (B). This leads to a differential bias across age groups, as reflected in the differentially mismatched distance between global and scaledependent similarity bounds at coarser scales. (C) Removing this bias by adjusting the similarity bounds to the scaledependent signal is associated with increases in coarse-scale entropy. This shift is more pronounced in older adults following the removal of a more prevalent bias. (D) With global similarity bounds, coarse-scale entropy strongly reflects high frequency power due to the proportionally more liberal similarity threshold associated. Low frequency power< 8 Hz was not consistently related to coarse-scale entropy (log10-power as in D; YA: r = .12; p = .419; OA: r = .36, p = .009). Data in A and B are global averages, data in C and D are averages from frontal ‘Original’ effect cluster (see Fig 7A) at entropy time scales below 8 Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rhythmic-power-manifests-at-different-time-scales-2zl1k09o.png Fig 4. Rhythmic power manifests at different time scales depending on filter choice and similarity bound. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-issue-1-global-similarity-bounds-systematically-29rbkh5a.png Fig 2. Issue 1: Global similarity bounds systematically confound the entropy of coarse-scale signals with removed spectral power. (A, B) Similarity bounds constrain sample entropy as shown schematically for entropy estimation using narrower (A) and wider (B) similarity bounds. For clarity, only a subset of pattern matches (green ticks) and mismatches (red cross) are indicated for a sequence length m = 1(cf. Fig 1B). Wider, more liberal similarity bounds indicate more pattern matches than narrow, conservative bounds, thereby decreasing entropy. S2 Fig shows the empirical link between liberal similarity bounds and sample entropy estimates. (C-E) Divergence between global similarity bounds and scale-wise signal SD biases coarse-scale entropy. (C) Coarse-graining (see Fig 1A) progressively reduces variance from the original broadband signal (as shown in panel E). (D) At original sampling rates (i.e., time scale 1; marked red in panels DE and F), neural signal variance is usually composed of broadband 1/f content and narrowband rhythmic peaks. Note that the x-axis plots decreasing frequencies to align with the traditional MSE lowpass filter direction. Towards coarser scales (e.g., scale 30; marked blue in CD and E), signal variance progressively decreases, as the signal becomes more specific to low frequencies. (E) Due to the systematic and cumulative reduction of variance in scale-wise signals, global similarity bounds become liberally biased (‘broad’). Critically, systematic differences in the magnitude of this bias (e.g., due to different spectral slopes) introduce systematic entropy differences at coarser scales. https://scispace.com/papers/standardization-of-activated-sludge-for-biodegradation-tests-4zbq8rllbo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-total-active-and-cultivable-cell-densities-of-three-18orqo0a.png Fig. 2 Total, active, and cultivable cell densities of three inocula obtained from different WWTP (a) before and (b) after preculture on complex substrate https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-cultivable-cell-densities-and-b-dehydrogenase-2m7hwq3c.png Fig. 1 (a) Cultivable cell densities and (b) dehydrogenase activity of three inocula obtained from different WWTP before and after preconditioning https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-half-life-times-h-obtained-in-oecd-301-a-tests-27emjlgb.png Table 2 Half-life times (h) obtained in OECD 301 A tests inoculated with non-precultured and precultured sludges from different WWTP https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-biodegradability-tests-using-supernatants-1cep7znp.png Table 1 Results of biodegradability tests using supernatants of sludges from different WWTP as inocula https://scispace.com/papers/standard-pacemaker-implantation-via-femoral-venous-access-50b0v83zrl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-scar-highlighted-by-the-dotted-circle-on-the-2n31auvw.png Figure 4: The scar (highlighted by the dotted circle) on the right thigh, during follow-up a year after implantation and interrogation of the device by the programmer header. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-chest-x-ray-of-the-pacing-lead-implanted-in-the-y4eflm4v.png Figure 3: Chest X-ray of the pacing lead implanted in the right atrium via femoral venous access. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-device-implantation-a-deflectable-guiding-catheter-2c6jk79q.png Figure 2: Device implantation. (A) Deflectable guiding catheter positioned in the right atrium over a guidewire via the right femoral vein. (B) Lead insertion into the right atrium via the guiding catheter. (C) Formation of a loop to allow sufficient slack and stabilise the lead. (D) Generator positioning in the superior and anterior part of the right thigh. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-obstruction-of-the-left-a-and-right-b-venous-226d943w.png Figure 1: Obstruction of the left (A) and right (B) venous subclavian networks, visualised during intraoperative fluoroscopy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-rate-histogram-showing-the-good-adaptation-of-the-1skl0jiq.png Figure 5: Rate histogram showing the good adaptation of the device. https://scispace.com/papers/standardization-of-autoimmune-testing-is-it-feasible-3k5y6zgyfu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correlation-between-optical-density-od-responses-x-2sj5haq0.png Figure 4: Correlation between optical density (OD) responses (x) and concentration estimates (rhombus) of two PR3 ANCA IgG methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-good-above-and-poor-below-correlation-1te8v5sr.png Figure 3: Example of good (above) and poor (below) correlation between measurement results from three methods that target MPO ANCA IgG antibodies for both patient samples (PS) and various candidate reference materials (SSIB is a random code given for a PS) these samples were processed and diluted whether in human serum or in human serum albumin. Purified PR3 ANCA IgG was spiked into filtered unprocessed serum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-correlation-between-optical-density-od-responses-1xhfb6oj.png Figure 2: Correlation between optical density (OD) responses for two PR3 ANCA IgG methods. Results for routine patient samples are shown as small squares, candidate reference materials as larger symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-good-above-and-poor-below-correlation-37ense2f.png Figure 1: Examples of good (above) and poor (below) correlation between measurement results from three methods that target MPO ANCA IgG antibodies. https://scispace.com/papers/standardized-assessment-of-psychopathology-by-relatives-of-4xgu529kb0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-and-analysis-of-the-panss-2oit24w7.png Table 3. Descriptive statistics and analysis of the PANSS items and scales (n = 163) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-the-factor-analysis-pca-and-the-13zzty3q.png Table 4. Results of the factor analysis (PCA) and the reliability analysis (internal consistency of the factors) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlation-between-gaf-score-and-panss-ratings-by-33y2nj8o.png Table 5. Correlation between GAF score and PANSS ratings by relatives (n = 145) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sociodemographic-and-illness-related-features-of-the-3hnm30i2.png Table 1. Sociodemographic and illness-related features of the patients, subdivided according to the three main diagnostic ICD-10 categories https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-descriptive-statistics-and-results-of-the-variance-1o7ql2fb.png Table 6. Descriptive statistics and results of the variance analysis exploring differences in the ratings of symptoms related to the nature of the mental disorder https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sociodemographic-features-of-the-relatives-key-1jbye430.png Table 2. Sociodemographic features of the relatives/key reference persons, subdivided according to the three main diagnostic ICD-10 categories of the patients https://scispace.com/papers/standardized-baseline-human-corneal-subbasal-nerve-density-3jrtdpqoon 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-three-images-with-large-differences-in-nerve-2jzoa2x6.png Figure 4. Three images with large differences in nerve density between automatic and manual methods of nerve tracing, but with small inter-observer differences. (A) Slightly oblique image, with anterior keratocytes (black arrow) visible in the same plane as nerves. Automatic nerve tracing excluded several nerve segments with reduced contrast (white arrows) that were included by both human observers. (B) Image with pressure artifacts (black arrows). Despite these artifacts, nerve segments crossing the artifacts were detected and included by both human observers and the automated method. A number of short, reduced-contrast nerve segments (white arrows) were excluded by the automated method but included by human observers. (C) Image with dendritic cells bearing dendrites. While both human observers excluded dendritic cells, many dendrites were included as nerves (white arrows) in the automated method, leading to an overestimate of nerve density. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-variation-of-subbasal-nerve-density-with-age-in-the-15ig7jue.png Figure 5. Variation of subbasal nerve density with age in the right eye (RE, upper plot) and left eye (LE, lower plot) as determined by manual nerve tracing. Data is the mean of two independent observers. The linear regression line and 95% confidence and prediction bands are indicated. A significant negative correlation of subbasal nerve density with age was found independent of eye. The standard deviation of nerve density did not vary substantially with age. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-linear-regression-of-nerve-density-vs-age-zft4a8cx.png Table 4. Results of linear regression of nerve density vs. age, for different eyes, observers, density calculation methods, and tracing methods (manual and automated). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-analysis-of-inter-observer-and-inter-method-3pvt43dz.png Figure 1. Analysis of inter-observer and inter-method agreement by the Bland-Altman technique. Agreement between human observers (left plot) was good, indicated by the clustering of differences around the value of 0, and narrow 95% LOA (± 2.44 mm/mm2, grey lines) around the mean difference (black line). Agreement between manual (observer 1) and automated methods of nerve density assessment (right plot) was somewhat poorer, with a wider distribution of differences around 0, and a 95% LOA (± 4.52 mm/mm2) almost twice as wide as the manual result. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-for-the-population-of-1qab6uvw.png Table 1. Demographic characteristics for the population of healthy subjects examined. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-linearity-and-correlation-of-inter-observer-left-1od5wr8t.png Figure 2. Linearity and correlation of inter-observer (left plot) and inter-method (right plot) measures of nerve density. Good linearity and a high correlation of density values were evident in both cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-distribution-of-subbasal-nerve-density-among-106-1xhglskv.png Figure 7. Distribution of subbasal nerve density among 106 healthy subjects, determined by manual (left) and automatic (right) nerve tracing for right eyes (RE, top) and left eyes (LE, bottom). The best-fit Gaussian curve by nonlinear regression is indicated. The most frequent value of subbasal nerve density ranged from 19.0 – 19.2 mm/mm2, independent of eye or tracing method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-influence-of-nerve-calculation-method-observer-and-n14wchy8.png Table 2. Influence of nerve calculation method, observer, and age group on mean and standard deviation of nerve density. https://scispace.com/papers/stannyl-substituted-disilenes-and-a-disilastannirane-2ujnsq5k4w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structure-of-3-in-the-solid-state-thermal-kdefs1on.png Figure 2. Structure of 3 in the solid state. Thermal ellipsoids at the 30% probability level. Only one of the two independent molecules shown. Co-crystallised hexane, disordered iPr groups and protons omitted for clarity. Selected bond lengths [pm] and angles [°] (for the depicted molecule only): Si1-Si2 218.82(12), Si1-Sn1 259.74(9), Si1-C1 189.8(3), Si2-C16 189.9(3), Si2-C31 188.6(3), Sn1-Cl1 239.63(9), Si2-Si1-Sn1 122.44(4), Sn1-Si1-C1 115.62(9), C1-Si1-Si2 117.86(10), C16-Si2-Si1 130.05(9), C16-Si2-C31 111.34(12), C31-Si2-Si1 115.39(9), Si1-Sn1-Cl1 99.91(3), Si1Sn1-C46 125.06(9), Si1-Sn1-C50 112.87(9). https://scispace.com/papers/standards-of-care-for-the-health-of-transsexual-transgender-1xtlmg2g2p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1b-effects-and-expected-time-course-of-feminizing-mgb5v3k9.png TABLE 1B: EFFECTS AND EXPECTED TIME COURSE OF FEMINIZING HORMONES a https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-risks-associated-with-hormone-therapy-bolded-items-o8u1lbwf.png TABLE 2: RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH HORMONE THERAPY. BOLDED ITEMS ARE CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT https://scispace.com/figures/table-1a-effects-and-expected-time-course-of-masculinizing-2bgv8u4z.png TABLE 1B: EFFECTS AND EXPECTED TIME COURSE OF FEMINIZING HORMONES a https://scispace.com/papers/staphylococcus-aureus-toxins-their-functions-and-genetics-1vu435thfn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-toxin-genes-in-the-s-aureus-pan-genome-3sxumdmh.png Table 1: Toxin genes in the S. aureus pan-genome. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-leukotoxins-31t1u9ct.png Table 2: Leukotoxins. https://scispace.com/papers/staphylococcus-epidermidis-is-largely-dependent-on-iron-3j4nrcvog7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-viability-of-biofilm-cells-grown-under-iron-27xw2oz2.png Fig. 4. Viability of biofilm cells grown under iron restriction and excess. Biofilms of three different S. epidermidis strains were allowed to grow in 96-well microtiter plates for 24 h at 37 °C in TSBG containing increasing concentrations of FeCl3 or Bip. Biofilm cells were studied by flow cytometry for (A) total cell counting, and (B) proportion of live, damaged, and dead cells. Data are represented as mean ± standard deviation of two independent experiments. Significant differences are depicted with: * p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cultivability-of-biofilm-b-and-suspended-s-cells-2j91av3r.png Table 3 Cultivability of biofilm (B) and suspended (S) cells grown under different iron availability conditions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-temporal-analysis-of-biofilm-formation-biofilms-of-2d4t0f6d.png Fig. 5. Temporal analysis of biofilm formation. Biofilms of three different S. epidermidis strains were allowed to grow at 37 °C in TSBG containing increasing concentrations of FeCl3 and Bip. (A) Biomass accumulation in 96-well microtiter plates was evaluated from 6 to 18 h using crystal violet staining. Data are represented as mean ± standard deviation of three independent assays. Significant differences are depicted with: * p < 0.05; ** p< 0.01; *** p< 0.001; **** p< 0.0001. (B) Biofilms were also grown in a 8-well chamber slide system, and examined under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) for structure analysis and polysaccharide intercellular adhesin/poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PIA/PNAG) production after appropriate staining with DAPI (depicted in blue) and WGA-Texas Red (depicted in red). Representative images of each condition tested for strain PT12003 are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-effect-of-iron-availability-on-biofilm-1h4a2jyg.png Fig. 1. General effect of iron availability on biofilm formation. Biofilms of three different S. epidermidis strains were allowed to grow in 96-well microtiter plates for 24 h at 37 °C in TSBG containing increasing concentrations of (A) iron chloride (FeCl3), and (B) 2,2′-bipyridine (Bip). Biofilms were stained with crystal violet and quantified at A570. Data are represented as mean ± standard deviation of at least three independent assays. Significant differences are depicted with: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; **** p < 0.0001. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-model-for-the-distinct-mechanisms-that-s-epidermidis-3msjrvkm.png Fig. 7. Model for the distinct mechanisms that S. epidermidis uses to acquire iron and maintain its homeostasis. A) the biosynthetic genes for siderophore production encodes three different enzymes required for siderophore synthesis (SERP1778, 1779 and 1781), and a transporter (SERP1780) for its export to the extracellular medium. B) once outside the cell, the exported siderophores then bind to available iron (Fe3+) molecules, and are imported back to the cell through an ABC transporter composed by the products of the locus SERP1775-77, and possibly of the gene SERP0306. The locus SERP0400-0403 and SERP0949 also encodes an ABC transporter whose substrate specificity is currently not known. C and D) Iron from heme sources is also possible through the machinery encoded by the locus SERP1951-1954, which is also responsible for the control of intracellular heme homeostasis and hemeassociated toxicity (for detailed information about this process in S. aureus please refer to Friedman et al., 2006 and Torres et al., 2007). For information on transcriptional studies of processes A, B, C, and D please refer to Table 5. The numbers within each molecule represent the corresponding gene. “?” denotes processes unknown to date, or not completely understood. C, cytoplasm; CM, cell membrane; CW, cell wall; EC, extracellular space; MFS, Multiple Facilitator Superfamily. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-blast-closest-matches-of-s-epidermidis-rp62a-13pevnh7.png Table 4 BLAST closest matches of S. epidermidis RP62A putative iron-related proteins in S. aureus strain Newman https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-genetic-map-of-the-serp1775-1781-locus-in-s-3px840vb.png Fig. 6. Genetic map of the SERP1775-1781 locus in S. epidermidis RP62A. The genetic organization of this locus is identical to NWMN_2076-2082 locus in S. aureus strain Newman, which encodes the biosynthetic machinery for the siderophore staphyloferrin A and its transporter HtsABC. Open reading frames are indicated by arrows, which show the direction of transcription. Putative Fur boxes were identified in the intergenic regions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-primers-used-in-qpcr-experiments-and-1dn94ztt.png Table 1 List of primers used in qPCR experiments and respective product size and amplification efficiencies. https://scispace.com/papers/star-formation-and-x-ray-emission-in-distant-star-forming-3gguwnb0bh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-contributions-to-the-scatter-of-sfri-versus-lx-1l7e3orc.png TABLE 4 Contributions to the Scatter of SFRi versus LX https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-total-x-ray-luminosity-over-the-fullchandra-band-as-a-35291mxp.png Fig. 3.—Total X-ray luminosity over the fullChandra band as a function of the SFR deduced from the H flux corrected for inclination effects, for the sample of 14 local calibrating star-forming galaxies. Filled circles represent SFRs derived from H luminosities for galaxies with (B V )0 > 0.6, asterisks those of the redder star-forming galaxies, and open circles those using the 3727 Å emission line of [O ii] as a diagnostic. Thin horizontal lines connect galaxies with measurements using both diagnostic lines. The thick solid line denotes the least-squares fit. The dashed line is offset in SFRi from that by 0.7 dex, corresponding to the maximum offset seen for SFRi(3727) with respect to SFRi(H ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-rest-frame-equivalent-width-of-the-3727-a-emission-k2p0xkmm.png Fig. 8.—Rest-frame equivalent width of the 3727 Å emission line of [O ii] for a sample of 200 star-forming galaxies in the region of the HDF from Cohen (2003), ignoring a few broad-lined AGNs. Open circles indicate I galaxies, while filled circles indicateE galaxies. The X-ray–emitting galaxies are marked by larger symbols. The two suspected AGNs are circled. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sfri-3727-for-the-sample-of-x-ray-emitting-galaxies-in-2vmcjfk8.png Fig. 7.—SFRi(3727) for the sample of X-ray–emitting galaxies in the region of the HDF as a function of galaxy stellar mass: the 16 I galaxies (right) and the 22 E galaxies (left). The symbol size indicates the redshift of the galaxy, as in Fig. 6. Open circles indicate galaxies lacking measured axis ratios. The two AGNs isolated from Fig. 1 are circled, while the additional suspected AGNs isolated from Fig. 2 are indicated by short diagonal lines. The thick solid line denotes the mass in stars achieved as function of SFRi after 6 109 yr, assuming constant SFR with time. The dashed line in the right-hand panel is for an elapsed time of 9 Gyr. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sfri-1011-m-as-a-function-of-the-galaxy-mass-for-the-33c8a7n5.png Fig. 6.—SFRi/1011 M as a function of the galaxy mass for the 22 E galaxies (left) and the 16I galaxies (right). Galaxies without inclination corrections are shown as open circles. The symbol size indicates the redshift of the galaxy: from smallest to largest, z < 0:35, 0:35 < z < 0:7, 0:7 < z < 1:0, and z > 1:0. The two AGNs isolated from Fig. 1 are circled, while the additional suspected AGNs isolated from Fig. 2 are indicated by diagonal lines. The positions of the two galaxies with measured SFR(H ) are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-star-formation-rates-for-galaxies-in-the-hdf-n-n1kmfojc.png TABLE 1 Star Formation Rates for Galaxies in the HDF-N https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-medians-of-samples-2qg7e1ss.png TABLE 2 Medians of Samples https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-total-x-ray-luminosity-over-the-full-chandra-band-as-a-1xsmkqa1.png Fig. 4.—Total X-ray luminosity over the full Chandra band as a function of the SFR deduced from the luminosity in the 3727 Å emission line of [O ii] and corrected for inclination effects, for the 22 E galaxies (left) and the 16I galaxies (right). Open circles indicate galaxies lacking inclination corrections. The two suspected AGNs isolated from Fig. 1 are circled. The additional suspected AGNs isolated from Fig. 2 are marked with short diagonal lines. The least-squares linear fit to the local sample when H is used as the diagnostic for SFR is indicated as the thick solid line, while the dashed line denotes that expected from the 3727 Å emission line of [O ii]. The arrow near the bottom of the left-hand panel denotes the decrease in SFRi(3727) expected if E(B V ) is increased by 0.5 mag. https://scispace.com/papers/star-formation-and-dust-obscuration-at-z-2-galaxies-at-the-2b96hf8ks6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-radio-derived-ssfr-solid-symbols-at-z-1-6-1756dtsv.png Figure 4. Left: radio derived SSFR (solid symbols) at z ≈ 1.6 (squares) and ≈ 2.1 (pentagons) are compared to the uncorrected UV derived SSFR (empty symbols) as a function of Log M∗. Right: radio derived SSFRs from this work (solid dots), for star-forming galaxies with M∗ ∼ 3×1010 M , as a function of redshift at z ≈ 1.4, 1.6, 1.9, 2.3. Literature data are plotted as empty circles. The dotted curve shows the SSFR as a function of redshift described by Equation (2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-total-radio-derived-sfr-vs-b-band-left-b-z-color-1thnuyge.png Figure 3. Total radio-derived SFR vs. B band (left), B–z color (middle), and stellar mass (right). The solid line is the best-fit line: Log(SFR)∝ 0.95 Log M∗. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-median-stacking-result-of-all-the-34000-sbzk-qc11o93p.png Figure 2. Left: median stacking result of all the 34000 sBzK galaxies. Middle: best-fit dirty beam convolved Gaussian to the stacked data. The total flux recovered is 8.8 ± 0.1 μJy. Right: residual image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-the-selection-diagram-for-sbzk-star-forming-v0vetv8u.png Figure 1. Left: the selection diagram for sBzK star-forming galaxies at z ≈ 2. Right: photometric redshift distribution of the COSMOS sBzK sample. The bulk of the sample spans the redshift range [1.3–2.5]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-uv-light-attenuation-a1500-2-5x-log-sfr1-4-ghz-3ncy5cpz.png Figure 5. Left: UV light attenuation (A1500 = 2.5× Log(SFR1.4 GHz/SFR1500) as a function of galaxy stellar mass. Right: UV light attenuation as a function of B–z color (UV slope). The dotted line shows the attenuation law derived in Daddi et al. (2004) as described in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/star-formation-at-4-z-6-from-the-spitzer-large-area-survey-jil5qvj26p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-the-best-fit-photometric-redshift-and-35sw777o.png Figure 1. Comparison of the best-fit photometric redshift and DEIMOS spectroscopic redshift for objects in SPLASH at zphot > 4 or zspec > 4. Due to confusion between the Balmer break and Lyman break, many objects with catastrophic errors are mistakenly excluded from the sample (scattered to z ∼ 0.5), but very few objects are scattered up, even though there are an order of magnitude more spectroscopic galaxies at low redshift. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-star-forming-galaxy-main-sequence-median-values-red-2zb0sbmi.png Figure 3. Star-forming galaxy main sequence median values (red dots) at (a) 4 < z < 4.8 and (b) 4.6 < z < 6, with contours from Figure 2 superimposed. There is no decrease in star formation rate or any other evidence of quenching even for the highest-mass star forming galaxies. That is, the power-law form holds at all masses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-best-fit-parameters-for-the-main-sequence-at-4-z-6-2rlpluwc.png Table 1 Best-fit Parameters for the Main Sequence at 4 < z < 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-main-sequence-for-star-forming-galaxies-at-111o3dwj.png Figure 2. “Main sequence” for star-forming galaxies at photometric (a) 4 < z < 4.8 and (b) 4.8 < z < 6. A best-fit linear relationship is indicated by the blue dashed line in each panel. Mass and SFR completeness are indicated by the solid black lines. The magenta shaded region reflects an estimate of the increased sensitivity of SPLASH due to the addition of IRAC channels to existing multiwavelength data. Contours are drawn are equal intervals in number density. https://scispace.com/papers/star-formation-histories-of-the-legus-spiral-galaxies-i-the-3ym2a5mvq6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-example-of-the-eastern-field-completeness-in-f555w-15gvabrp.png Figure 8. Example of the eastern field completeness in F555W (left panel) and F814W (right panel) from our artificial star tests in the different regions of the galaxy highlighting the slightly different crowding conditions from inside out. The dashed horizontal line marks the 50% completeness level. Notice that R4 is mostly in the western field, thus it is not represented here (its completeness, however, is very similar to that of R3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-same-regions-as-in-figure-5-for-the-u-v-catalog-106b5rpb.png Figure 6. Same regions as in Figure 5 for the U/V catalog. Notice that this area was covered by two WFC3 fields, while the area in Figure 5 was covered by one WFC3 field and one ACS field, hence the slightly larger spatial coverage (see also Figure 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-photometric-errors-in-f555w-top-panel-and-f814w-351wvcad.png Figure 7. Photometric errors in F555W (top panel) and F814W (bottom panel) from our artificial star tests; the contours indicate the 1σ, 2σ and 3σ levels of the distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-star-formation-rates-and-stellar-3d7zy01a.png Table 1 Summary of the Star Formation Rates and Stellar Masses in the Different Regions of the Galaxy from Our V/I Catalog https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-same-as-figures-9-to-11-but-for-the-outermost-2ijpj4cx.png Figure 12. Same as Figures 9 to 11, but for the outermost region of NGC7793. Our WFC3/UVIS data do not cover this part of the galaxy, thus we could not recover the U/V SFH here. Notice that the SFR scale is different from that in the previous figures for the sake of visibility of the much lower SFRs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-uvis-red-and-acs-orange-footprints-overplotted-on-a-1yt15ljc.png Figure 1. UVIS (red) and ACS (orange) footprints overplotted on a color-combined image of NGC7793, observed with the FORS instrument at the ESO’s Very Large Telescope. Overplotted in white are the three ellipses we used to divide the galaxy in radial regions and recover the SFH. The image is based on data obtained through the B, V, I and Hα filters (north is up, east is left. Credit: ESO). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-top-panels-hess-diagrams-of-the-inner-region-of-u6pnopze.png Figure 9. Top panels: Hess diagrams of the inner region of NGC7793 from the V/I data. The observational one is on the left and the one reconstructed on the basis of different sets of models in the middle (COLIBRI models in the left-middle panels, and MIST models in the right-middle panel), while on the right we show the residuals between the two in terms of the likelihood used to compare data and models in SFERA, i.e., data ln data model data model;´ - +( ) the shaded part corresponds to the area below the 50% completeness limit used as a boundary for the SFH recovery. Middle panels: Hess diagrams and residuals between the U/V observational and synthetic CMDs. Bottom panels: recovered V/I SFH in red, U/V SFH in blue, from the two sets of models (COLIBRI on the left, MIST on the right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-same-as-figures-9-and-10-but-for-the-third-annulus-gj3uv30d.png Figure 11. Same as Figures 9 and 10 but for the third annulus of NGC7793. https://scispace.com/papers/star-jet-interactions-and-gamma-ray-outbursts-from-3c454-3-44xldwcgnq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-numerical-calculations-of-the-parameters-related-to-2z1we46l.png Figure 2. Numerical calculations of the parameters related to radiation processes for the case of a conic jet vs. the value of D. Top left panel: jet magnetic field; top right panel: jet magnetic field in the comoving frame; bottom left panel: proton synchrotron cooling time (red solid line) and blob acceleration time (blue dashed line), both in the comoving frame; bottom right panel: the registered luminosity of the target photon field for the EIC scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-computed-sed-of-the-synchrotron-emission-for-a-sub-2rnlubl5.png Figure 4. Computed SED of the synchrotron emission for a sub-flare of 2010 November. The thick dashed line shows the intrinsic gamma-ray emission for the case of Emax = ∞. Dotted and dot-dot-dashed lines show the gamma-ray spectra corrected for internal absorption only for Emax = ∞ and Emax = 3Ecut, respectively. The thin solid and the dot-dashed lines correspond to the cases when absorption is dominated by a blackbody and a monoenergetic photon field, respectively. The computed synchrotron SED of the secondary pairs produced via internal pair creation is also shown (dotted line). The parameters of the flare are the same as in Figure 3. The observational data shown are from Fermi/LAT, Swift (Abdo et al. 2011), and the flux in the R band (Jorstad et al. 2012). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketch-of-the-jrgi-scenario-in-which-a-star-moving-1sagjroi.png Figure 1. Sketch of the JRGI scenario, in which a star moving from left to right penetrates the jet. The star’s external layers are shocked and carried away, and a cometary tail, the origin of the plateau emission, forms. The acceleration and expansion of the bigger clouds from the initially blown-up external layers of the star would lead to the main flare. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-derived-jet-parameters-as-a-function-of-the-d-2uvla7sv.png Figure 5. The derived jet parameters as a function of the D-parameter. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lightcurve-computed-adopting-the-parameterslj-2-2yn7kcd7.png Figure 3. Lightcurve computed adopting the parametersLj = 2.3×1048 erg s−1, z = 1.33 × 1017 cm, Γj = 28, Mc = 1.3 × 1030 g, rc = 2.7 × 1015 cm, and ξ = 0.3. We show four sub-flares (dashed lines), the plateau background (dotdashed line), and the sum of all of them (solid line). The observational data points and error bars are obtained from the Fermi/LAT 3 hr binned count rates and photon index using a luminosity distance of DL = 5.5 Gpc and assuming a pure power law spectrum between 0.1 and 5 GeV. https://scispace.com/papers/star-formation-histories-of-the-legus-dwarf-galaxies-i-hv1etwi5bp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-photometric-completeness-right-panel-in-f336w-in-8rosofld.png Figure 4. Photometric completeness (right panel) in F336W in three concentric annuli (left panel) around the center of NGC1705. The red one refers to the stars within 100 pixels (1 pixel is about 1 pc at the distance of NGC 1705) from the center, the blue one between 100 and 200 pixels (about), and the green one between 200 and 300 pixels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-color-distribution-of-ngc4449-compared-to-the-2xgnudk1.png Figure 11. Color distribution of NGC4449 compared to the models computed with IMF exponent s=−2.0 above 5 Me. The symbols are the same as in Figure 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-color-distribution-of-ngc4449-compared-to-the-3oxtia8p.png Figure 12. Color distribution of NGC4449 compared to the models computed with an IMF exponent s=−2.3 above 5 Me. The symbols are the same as in Figure 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-observational-cmd-of-ngc4449-left-panel-compared-2oe980sf.png Figure 10. Observational CMD of NGC4449 (left panel) compared to the best synthetic CMDs (middle and right panels). The symbols are the same as in Figure 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-from-top-to-bottom-example-of-basic-synthetic-cmds-34hsvwpe.png Figure 5. From top to bottom, example of basic synthetic CMDs generated for [M/H]=−1.5,−1.0, and −0.5; errors/incompleteness of NGC4449; binary fraction of 30%; and distance modulus of NGC4449 (see Table 1). For each metallicity, different colors represent different star formation episodes with logarithmic duration log(age)=5.0–6.6, 6.6–7.0, 7.0–7.2, 7.2–7.4, 7.4–7.6, 7.6–7.8, 7.8–8.0, 8.00–8.25, and 8.25–8.50. The adopted distance and foreground extinction are 27.9 and E(B−V )=0.1, respectively. The PARSEC-COLIBRI models are on the left, and the MIST models are on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-recovered-sfh-of-ngc4449-the-adopted-imf-is-a-2nqf6vui.png Figure 9. Recovered SFH of NGC4449. The adopted IMF is a double power law with exponent s=−2.0 above 0.5 Me and s=−1.3 below. The symbols are the same as in Figure 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-cumulative-stellar-mass-fraction-as-a-function-of-1rrtb1c9.png Figure 16. Cumulative stellar mass fraction as a function of time for the three dwarfs and for a constant SFR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-sfr-density-per-unit-area-for-ngc4449-gold-line-1jfbkeg3.png Figure 17. SFR density per unit area for NGC4449 (gold line), NGC1705 (red line), and HoII (green line). For each galaxy, the adopted area is that of the region containing 90% of the stars in our catalog. Only PARSEC-COLIBRI solutions are shown. https://scispace.com/papers/starspot-jitter-in-photometry-astrometry-and-radial-velocity-bzcstwgxwd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-square-root-of-the-spectral-power-of-simulated-ianu0fw7.png Figure 3. Square root of the spectral power of simulated astrometric (left plot) and RV (right plot) perturbations of the Sun seen at inclination 90◦. The x-axis is aligned with the equator, and the y-axis with the rotation axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-numerical-simulations-of-variation-in-relative-flux-2qk0nsu4.png Figure 2. Numerical simulations of variation in relative flux, equatorial shift of the photocenter, and RV of κ1 Ceti caused by two rotating spots, corresponding to the first segment of observations with MOST in 2003. Our prediction is drawn with a solid line, Walker et al. (2007) results with a dashed line, and MOST data with asterisks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-magnitudes-of-relative-rms-perturbations-from-a-1yqf1ohi.png Figure 1. Magnitudes of relative rms perturbations from a single starspot: (a) ratio rms(Δx)/ rms(ΔF/F ) in units of apparent stellar radius R; (b) ratio rms(ΔVR)/ rms(ΔF/F ) in units of Veq(1−0.19 sin2 b). In both cases, the values at i = 90◦, b = 0◦ are 0.448. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observable-signals-and-starspot-jitters-for-an-earth-q1sojb4g.png Table 1 Observable Signals and Starspot Jitters for an Earth-like Planet Orbiting a Typical Dwarf Star at 10 pc https://scispace.com/papers/start-to-end-simulations-for-the-sparx-proposal-x0zp4pvzp3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-qv7idmbk.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-slice-analysis-of-the-beam-properties-at-the-exit-1lzxh02q.png Figure 4: Slice analysis of the beam properties at the exit of the linac, for the fully magnetic reference case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-slice-analysis-of-the-beam-properties-at-the-exit-17vmk75y.png Figure 3: Slice analysis of the beam properties at the exit of the linac, for the hybrid reference case. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-rtt4r5ru.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-13tatjku.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2sflclv0.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-parmela-simulations-of-the-peak-current-left-rms-1mlg652k.png Figure 2: Parmela simulations of the peak current (left), rms norm.emittance and rms beam envelope (right), along the PhotoInjector structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-layout-of-the-two-sparx-linac-designs-2jnfxjt6.png Figure 1: Schematic layout of the two SPARX linac designs: upper plot the Hybrid scheme, lower plot the Fully Magnetic scheme https://scispace.com/papers/starting-from-the-end-what-to-do-when-restricted-data-is-34325b94df 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-workflow-illustrating-considerations-when-research-2k4kvyiq.png Figure 2: Workflow illustrating considerations when research data is inappropriate released. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-in-just-over-a-year-the-university-of-cambridge-1tb402em.png Figure 1: In just over a year the University of Cambridge research repository received almost ten times more data submissions than during a decade. https://scispace.com/papers/starting-flow-through-nozzles-with-temporally-variable-exit-osgyq73is3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-programmes-of-nozzle-exit-diameter-temporal-2941mbb4.png Figure 2. Programmes of nozzle exit diameter temporal variation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-normalized-vortex-generator-energy-versus-1cl1cnph.png Figure 11. Normalized vortex generator energy versus formation time. Encircled points in each plot indicate leading vortex-ring energy. (a) SMIN, SO and FO cases. (b) SMAX, SC and FC cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-normalized-circulation-versus-formation-time-for-20csh9hi.png Figure 7. Normalized circulation versus formation time for SMIN, SO and FO cases. Grey symbols indicate circulation of leading vortex ring after pinch-off. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dimensional-parameters-of-the-leading-vortex-ring-2w8wfcuc.png Table 1. Dimensional parameters of the leading vortex ring for each nozzle program. Values are representative and possess a maximum uncertainty of ± 5%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-delivered-fluid-fraction-for-leading-vortex-rings-1iiesl1r.png Figure 14. Delivered fluid fraction for leading vortex rings in nozzle cases with temporally variable exit diameter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-velocity-profile-of-fluid-efflux-at-x-0-3-dp-for-1wgca0rw.png Figure 4. Velocity profile of fluid efflux at X=0.3 Dp for static minimum and maximum diameter cases. (a) T =0.67 s. (b) T =2.0 s. Y ∗ is the radial coordinate normalized by the location at which U/Umax =0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-normalized-circulation-versus-formation-time-for-2rnvrrrx.png Figure 6. Normalized circulation versus formation time for each programme of nozzle exit diameter temporal variation. Solid lines indicate slope = 1/2 and error function bound. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rate-of-diameter-change-for-each-programme-of-2kr6yyd1.png Figure 3. Rate of diameter change for each programme of nozzle exit diameter temporal variation. https://scispace.com/papers/startle-responses-in-duchenne-muscular-dystrophy-a-novel-36yq1c7qjg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-neuropsychological-assessment-mean-score-comparisons-pt84hu4v.png Table 2. Neuropsychological assessment mean score comparisons between groups and subgroups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-unconditioned-responses-to-the-aversive-threat-3us6kw03.png Figure 4 Unconditioned responses to the aversive threat stimulus. (A) SCRCS+ for DMD and Control groups in Acquisition phase. Two ‘threat’ conditioned stimulus (CS+) trials were omitted (Acquisition trial 11 and 22) as these were unreinforced CS+ trials (no aversive noise presented). (B) Box plot of unconditioned SCRCS+ for the first CS+ trial (SCRUC) for Control, DMD, and DMD isoform subgroups categorised by Dp140 isoform status. The Dp140+ group comprises DMD participants who retain the Dp140 isoform (n=10); Dp140- group comprises DMD participants who lack the Dp140- isoform (including Dp140- and Dp140-/71-; n=12); Dp140_unk group is DMD participants whose Dp140 status is uncertain (n=6). (C) Change in https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participants-baseline-demographic-information-and-5s5qqedb.png Table 1. Participants’ baseline demographic information and available data for each group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-representation-of-the-fear-conditioning-2oimfy3j.png Figure 2 Schematic representation of the fear-conditioning task. Two different neutral stimuli, the conditioned stimuli (CS), are presented to the subject in randomised trials during the response acquisition phase (‘Acquisition’). One is a ‘threat’ cue (CS+) which is paired with an aversive noise stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). A ‘safe’ cue (CS-) is presented alone with no UCS. At the initial presentation of the UCS, behavioural and physiological https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-dmd-genomic-2r00kjds.png Figure 1 Schematic representation of DMD genomic organisation. The DMD gene, which encodes the protein dystrophin, is located on Xp21.2 and comprises 79 exons and seven promoters linked to unique first exons. Dotted arrows indicate the splice sites of these different internal promoters, which splice into the indicated exons (or preceding introns in the case of Dp140) to generate multiple dystrophin isoforms, shown in succession below the full-length dystrophin protein. The isoforms are named by their size in kiloDaltons (kDa). The three 427 kDa isoforms are Dp427m (muscle), Dp427c (cerebral), Dp427p (Purkinje); shorter isoforms are Dp260, Dp140, Dp116 and Dp71, the latter of which can be further alternatively spliced to form a 40 kDa Dp40 isoform. Each isoform has a different 5’ N-terminal domain, and all retain the same 3’ C-terminal domain. Numbers in italics indicate the exon number. In the case of the Dp140 isoform, transcription starts at intron 44 (just upstream of exon 45) but translation of the protein does not start until exon 51 (light grey arrow), leading to a long untranslated region (UTR) from intron 44-exon 50. It is difficult to predict the effect on Dp140 expression of mutations in this untranslated region. Adapted from figure in Muntoni, Torelli & Ferlini (2003)2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-primary-outcomes-skin-conductance-and-heart-rate-36vvjz35.png Table 3. Primary outcomes: skin conductance and heart rate response metrics in DMD group and DMD isoform subgroups compared to Control group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-conditioned-response-acquisition-habitutation-to-196hxnpl.png Figure 5. Conditioned response acquisition, habitutation to unconditioned stimulus and retention of conditioned responses. Skin conductance responses (SCR) shown as the differential SCR (SCRDiff) to represent the degree of discrimination between ‘threat’ conditioned stimulus (CS+) and ‘safe’ conditioned stimulus (CS-) cues. SCRDiff = SCRCS+ - SCRCSin contiguous trial pairs; SCRDiff = 0 indicates no difference in response to the ‘threat’ CS+ and ‘safe’ CS- cues. (A) Mean SCRDiff in the First Interval Response (FIR) window (0-6 seconds after CS onset) for DMD and Control groups. This shows SCRDiff after CS presentation but before the aversive noise, indicating the degree of learned response acquisition. For acquisition trial no. 1, the FIR measurement occurred before participants had been presented with the first aversive stimulus, therefore this is lower than for the subsequent trials in both groups. (B) Mean SCRDiff in the Second Interval Response (SIR) window (6-12 seconds after CS onset, the start of which corresponds to the onset of the aversive https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-physiological-responses-to-threat-and-safe-2b74qeak.png Figure 3 Mean physiological responses to ‘threat’ and ‘safe’ conditioned stimuli (CS+ and CS-) by block for all fear conditioning task phases in DMD and Control groups. (A) Skin conductance responses (SCR, measured in microSiemens, µS). Mean SCR in first acquisition block (ACQ1) was significantly higher in the DMD compared to control group (*P=.03). (B) Heart rate (HR, measured in beats per minute, bpm). SCR derived from electrodermal activity (EDA) recorded from the palmar surfaces of digits 2 & 3, and defined as the baseline-to-peak EDA in the 12s window following CS presentation. HR derived from the inter-beat interval from 3-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) recording. Error bars show the 95% Confidence Interval. https://scispace.com/papers/start-up-in-microgravity-and-local-thermodynamic-states-of-a-1hs62tfr65 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-statistics-of-the-saturation-temperature-difference-18k01zc3.png Figure 9: Statistics of the saturation temperature difference during microgravity at different heat input levels: a) evaporator; b) condenser. https://scispace.com/papers/stat1-as-a-downstream-mediator-of-erk-signaling-contributes-27nc8hiju0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ciita-and-mhc-ii-rt1b-expression-in-the-spinal-cord-35fmnlzv.png Fig. 2. CIITA and MHC II RT1B expression in the spinal cord and cell-type specificity of MHC II RT1B under BCP conditions. (A) Western blot showing the time-course of changes in CIITA and MHC II RT1B expression after BCP. Representative bands are shown as the mean±SEM. Inoculation of Walker 256 carcinoma cells induced significantly increased CIITA and MHC II RT1B expression (n=3). *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with the naive group. (B) Immunofluorescence showing that microglia (green, Iba1 as a biomarker) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-proposed-model-for-mhc-ii-expression-in-spinal-11td3r7p.png Fig. 9. A proposed model for MHC II expression in spinal microglia underlying bone cancer pain (BCP). Under BCP conditions, STAT1 acts as a downstream mediator of ERK signaling to contributes to bone cancer pain by regulating MHC II expression in spinal microglia. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-erk-signaling-regulates-stat1-phosphorylation-and-1xf8v4co.png Fig. 6. ERK signaling regulates STAT1 phosphorylation, and pSTAT1 modulates MHC II expression in the spinal cord under BCP conditions. AG490 (5 µg in 10 µL), Fludarabine (10 µg in 10 µL), or U0126 (5 µg in 10 µL) was intrathecally injected into cancer-bearing rats once a day for 14 days, beginning immediately after carcinoma cell inoculation (n=3 in each group). (A) Representative western blot showing pSTAT1ser727, total STAT1, pERK42/44, total ERK42/44, CIITA, MHC II RTIB, and β actin protein levels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-erk-activation-in-the-spinal-cords-of-bcp-rats-western-1dpqo10r.png Fig. 5. ERK activation in the spinal cords of BCP rats. Western blot bands and bar graphs showing no significant difference in pERK in the sham group, compared with a significant increase in the BCP group 14 days following sarcoma inoculation, persisting until day 21 (n=3 in each group). **P<0.01 compared with the naive group. https://scispace.com/papers/stat3-gain-of-function-a-new-kid-on-the-block-in-4nxw4ae44x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-c-chest-computed-tomography-scans-showing-a-1ocfyi2i.png Figure 1. (A–C) Chest computed tomography scans showing (A) subcarinal adenomegaly and (B and C) ground-glass opacities with mosaic pattern and interlobular septal thickening. (D–F) Cytology and histology showing lymphoproliferation: (D) BAL cytospins: massive lymphocytosis (stained with MayGrünwald-Giemsa); (E) whole biopsy slide showing almost total villous atrophy with an inflammatory background, presence of a mononuclear material with very dense focal regions of increased intraepithelial lymphocytes (hematoxylin and eosin–stained section); and (F) accessory salivary gland biopsy: massive lymphoid infiltrate, interstitial fibrosis, and acinar atrophy (hematoxylin and eosin–stained section). https://scispace.com/papers/state-anxiety-alters-the-neural-oscillatory-correlates-of-31n0sk8ulw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-between-group-effects-of-pwpes-on-beta-oscillatory-3mbjj56z.png Figure 5. Between-group effects of pwPEs on beta oscillatory activity. A-B) Between-group differences in the oscillatory activity (alpha 8-12 Hz, beta 13-30 Hz, and gamma 31-90 Hz) modulations by pwPEs about stimulus outcomes were found exclusively in the beta band (one significant positive cluster between 1200–1570 ms; P = 0.0270), FWER-controlled). A) The topographic distribution of this effect starts early in left posterior parietal regions and B) later shifts to frontocentral electrodes. The time-frequency images on the right panels correspond to the electrode selection on the left topographic panels and are given in arbitrary units (a. u.). Note that there was one single significant cluster represented by the solid black rectangle; dashed black line ‘O’ represents the time of the outcome. C) The average beta response (a. u.) to pwPE for individuals in each group (StA, pink; Cont, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-alpha-activity-is-modulated-by-precision-weighted-rt86dcn6.png Figure 3 Alpha activity is modulated by precision-weighted prediction errors about stimulus outcomes: within-group effects. A) Time course of the average alpha response (8–12 Hz) to pwPEs in each group (Controls, black; StA, pink), given in arbitrary units (a.u). The time intervals correspond to the dependent-samples significant clusters (B, C) in each group, and are denoted by horizontal bars on the x-axis. B) Electrode-level correlates of pwPEs in alpha activity in the Cont group. One negative cluster was found spanning the alpha and beta frequency range. The within-group effect in alpha activity emerged between 600– 1400 ms (P = 0.0002). Left: The topographic distribution of this effect starts in posterior centroparietal regions and expands across all electrode regions. Right: Time-frequency images for pwPE on level 2, averaged across the cluster electrodes. The black dashed line marks the onset of the outcome, and black squares indicate the time-frequency range of the significant cluster. C) Same as (B) but in the StA group. We found a significant negative cluster also in the alpha and beta-band ranges. The alpha-band effect was found between 600–1000 ms (P = 0.0054), starting in posterior central electrodes and spreading to frontocentral electrodes later. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-convolution-general-linear-model-standard-1b5j0p69.png Figure 2. Convolution general linear model. Standard continuous time-frequency (TF) representations of the EEG signal (Y) were estimated using Morlet wavelets. In GLM, signals Y are explained by a linear combination of explanatory variables or regressors in https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hgf-model-hgf-trajectory-estimates-and-hrv-hgf-and-1ts89q40.png Figure 1. HGF model, HGF trajectory estimates and HRV, HGF and model-free results. A) Schematic model of 3-level HGF used in Hein et al. (2021). The free perceptual model parameters ω2, ω3 and the response parameter 𝜁 were estimated by fitting the HGF to observed inputs (ui (k)) and individual responses (y(k)). B) HGF trajectories of the computational quantities used to form our GLM convolution regressors, from one participant. The lowest level shows the sequence of outcomes (green dots: 1 = blue win, 0 = orange win) and the participant’s responses (dark blue dots) on each trial. The black line indicates the series of prediction error (PE) responses and the pink line the precision weight. The middle layer of B) shows the trial-wise HGF estimate of pwPE about stimulus outcomes on level 2 (blue). For our GLM convolution analysis, we used unsigned values of ε2 as the first parametric regressor. The precision ratio included in the pwPE term, in succession, weights the influence of prediction errors on prediction updates. Predictions on level 2 are displayed on the top level (purple). We used the absolute values of predictions about the reward tendency on level 2 as the second parametric regressor. C) In Hein et al. (2021) a significant drop in heart rate variability (HRV, a metric of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-beta-activity-is-modulated-by-precision-weighted-3199qzuk.png Figure 4 Beta activity is modulated by precision-weighted prediction errors about stimulus outcomes: within-group effects. A) Time course of the average beta response (12–30 Hz) to pwPEs in each group (Controls, black; StA, pink), given in arbitrary https://scispace.com/papers/state-dependence-in-the-finance-growth-nexus-a-functional-4a3c2ytysq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fun-tional-oe-ient-model-estimates-of-the-fg-nexus-39qhs9gc.png Figure 3: Fun tional oe ient model estimates of the FG nexus onditional on the levels of trade openness (OPEN). The gures show estimated long-run e e ts β̂1(ω), with β̂1 on the verti al and ω on the horizontal axes. The solid line shows the point estimates and the two dashed lines are the 95% on den e intervals of the model ex luding fun tional dependen e. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fun-tional-oe-ient-model-estimates-of-the-fg-nexus-3pho47is.png Figure 2: Fun tional oe ient model estimates of the FG nexus onditional on the level nan ial development (PRV). The gures show estimated long-run e e ts β̂1(ω), with β̂1 on the verti al and ω on the horizontal axes. The solid line shows the point estimates and the two dashed lines are the 95% on den e intervals of the model ex luding fun tional dependen e. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parametri-regression-results-1z2qeijk.png Table 2: Parametri regression results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fun-tional-oe-ient-model-estimates-of-the-fg-nexus-2ypqjvn5.png Figure 1: Fun tional oe ient model estimates of the FG nexus onditional on the level of government size (GOV). The gures show estimated long-run e e ts β̂1(ω), with β̂1 on the verti al and ω on the horizontal axes. The solid line shows the point estimates and the two dashed lines are the 95% on den e intervals of the model ex luding fun tional dependen e. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-global-fa-tor-invarian-e-test-results-ibv8rnf9.png Table 3: Global fa tor invarian e test results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statisti-s-1975-2005-25ozof99.png Table 1: Summary statisti s, 1975-2005 https://scispace.com/papers/state-and-output-feedback-shared-control-for-a-class-of-24xf47uob6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-paths-in-the-p1-p2-plane-of-the-system-16-for-the-set-2jxw91px.png Fig. 3. Paths in the (p1, p2)-plane of the system (16) for the set Pa given by (18): h-control with state-feedback (red, dash-dotted), s-control with statefeedback (green, dotted) and s-control with output-feedback (blue, dashed). The green, large, dot denotes the initial position. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-paths-in-the-p1-p2-plane-of-the-system-16-for-the-set-349qj5bc.png Fig. 2. Paths in the (p1, p2)-plane of the system (16) for the set Pa given by (17): h-closed-loop with state-feedback (red, dash-dotted), s-closed-loop with state-feedback (green, dotted) and s-closed-loop with output-feedback (blue, dashed). The green, large, dot denotes the initial position. https://scispace.com/papers/state-care-provision-societal-opinion-and-children-s-care-of-3adfdezvgv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-intergenerational-care-institutions-and-cultural-2lr7wy9c.png Figure 1. Intergenerational care, institutions and cultural norms, 11 European countries 2004–5. Source of data : SHARE 2004/2005, release 2, see Pinnelli (2001). Basis : parents aged 65 and https://scispace.com/papers/state-dependent-delay-in-regenerative-turning-processes-40ufdbqs2i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-turning-model-22sxy0ll.png Fig. 1 Turning model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-model-of-regeneration-in-turning-process-3toto0ua.png Fig. 2 Model of regeneration in turning process https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ratio-of-the-critical-depths-of-cut-for-state-189wbqfp.png Fig. 4 Ratio of the critical depths of cut for state-dependent and constant delay models as the function of the dimensionless feed ρ per revolution (kr = 0.3) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-stability-charts-for-different-dimensionless-feeds-r-1phf58de.png Fig. 3 Stability charts for different dimensionless feeds ρ per revolution. Continuous and dashed lines correspond to statedependent and constant delay models. The parameters are ζ = 0.02, q = 0.75 and kr = 0.3 https://scispace.com/papers/state-estimation-over-non-acknowledgment-networks-with-390ljjxypy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-nack-system-ack-system-and-system-with-only-iobxcndy.png Fig. 1. NACK system, ACK system, and system with only observation packet dropouts. The blocks P, S, E, C, and A denote the plant, sensor, estimator, controller and actuator, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-lower-and-upper-bounds-of-tr-eyk-pk-and-tr-eyk-p-e-k-6evovlrf.png Fig. 4. Lower and upper bounds of tr(EYk [Pk]) and tr(EYk [P ε k ]) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-lower-and-upper-bounds-of-tr-eik-p-e-k-1sx257pf.png Fig. 5. Lower and upper bounds of tr(EIk [P ε k ]) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-relationship-between-tr-ei30-p30-and-the-control-2xx7ouj2.png Fig. 3. The relationship between tr(EI30 [P30]) and the control packet recovery rate q1/the control packet failure rate q2/the observation failure rate p2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-relationship-between-the-observation-recovery-rate-ctckcz3m.png Fig. 2. The relationship between the observation recovery rate p1 and tr(EI30 [P30]), tr(EI30 [P ε 30]). https://scispace.com/papers/state-dependent-transmission-of-monetary-policy-in-the-euro-4kloib2dhh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predicted-probabilities-of-logit-submodel-2r5eiyrx.png Figure 2: Predicted Probabilities of Logit Submodel https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impulse-reponses-for-linear-var-p5sukfay.png Figure 4: Impulse Reponses for Linear VAR https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-weights-of-both-states-268xc5xs.png Figure 1: Weights of Both States https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-regime-probabilities-of-non-linear-var-models-lamzehux.png Figure 5: Regime Probabilities of Non-Linear VAR Models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reaction-to-contractionary-monetary-policy-shock-2hdnhg0j.png Figure 3: Reaction to Contractionary Monetary Policy Shock: Baseline Ordering https://scispace.com/papers/state-dependent-sensory-processing-in-networks-of-vlsi-3a16qnvzhv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-aer-connectivity-between-the-multi-neuron-chips-one-h433fib6.png Fig. 3. AER connectivity between the multi–neuron chips. One chip is stimulated by the columns of the DVS (Raster plot of Fig. 2(c)), and the other chip is stimulated by the rows of the DVS (Raster plot of Fig. 2(d)). The bi–directional connectivity is represented by the matrices between the two chips and was set during an initialization procedure (see Sec. III). Each black dot in the matrix shows that the particular connection is active. As discussed in Sec. II-A, persistent activity states are created in regions where the two chips are connected. As a result, the location of the activity between the two chips will be constrained by the connections between them. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-visual-stimuli-and-dvs-output-a-the-target-was-a-dark-1ll0gndo.png Fig. 2. Visual stimuli and DVS output. (a) The target was a dark circle over a white background, initially moving horizontally to the right (gray arrow), then pausing 2s before moving either to the lower–right (green arrow) or to the upper–right (red arrow). (b) Example of the DVS output. The axes respectively represent the X-Y coordinates of the events and the color encodes for time. The scattered events around the main stimulus is due to spontaneous activity in the DVS. (c) and (d): raster plots of the DVS column–wise activity and the row–wise DVS activity sent to the respective multi–neuron chips (see Fig. 3). Because the DVS is designed to respond to temporal contrast, no activity is generated when the target remains stationary (0s > t > 1s, 3s > t > 5s, t > 7s). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-analysis-of-ltu-model-of-recurrently-coupled-soft-wta-2m9t9x3v.png Fig. 1. Analysis of LTU model of recurrently coupled soft WTA (a) (bottom) shows the architecture of the soft WTA network used in our chips. The excitatory neurons (white) excite their nearest neighbors and the inhibitory neurons. The inhibitory neurons (gray) inhibit the excitatory neurons back, leading to a single region of activity in the excitatory neurons. (a) (top) The LTU model of two recurrently coupled soft WTA. (b) Nullclines of the LTU model. The curves indicate when ẋe or ẋi change sign and their intersection defines an equilibrium point of the system. From this figure, we see that the intersection occurs only when the slope of ẋi is larger than the one of ẋe. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-raster-plots-of-the-two-multi-neuron-chips-during-tv1yhwc9.png Fig. 4. Raster plots of the two multi-neuron chips during stimulus presentation. (a) and (b): raster plots of the multi–neuron chips respectively representing the X position and the Y position of the target. The red lines indicate the different phases of the stimulus, indicated by the colored arrows. The blue dots represent the input from the DVS. The time lag between the response of the neurons and the stimulation reflects the time constant of the synapses, which was in the order of hundreds of ms. From t = 0s to t = 1s, we observe no activity because the target is stationary. Between t = 1s and t = 3s (gray arrow) the target moves horizontally to the right, and the DVS starts to stimulate the multi–neuron chips. At t = 3s, the target makes a 2s pause. Between t = 5s and t = 7s the target moves to the lower–right (represented by the green arrow) and finally stops. Even in the absence of sensory stimulation during 3s < t < 5s and t > 7s, we observe that the activity in the neurons persist. (c) and (d): raster plots of the two chips when presented with the incorrect stimulus (red arrow: target moving to the upper–right). During 3s < t < 5s, the input stimulates a combination of populations which are not not allowed to activate, given the relations between the two chips. As a result, the network resists the drift induced by the input. After t > 7s, the activity remains at its last valid location. In both cases, the activity occasionally moves in slight jumps. This is due to stronger attraction to the persistent activity states, and is caused essentially by mismatch in the transistors. The top-most neurons (124 to 128) are the inhibitory neurons. Mean activity of the inhibitory neurons activity ∼=200Hz, Mean activity of the excitatory neuron activity during persistent state ∼=50Hz. https://scispace.com/papers/state-failure-in-india-political-fiscal-implications-of-the-3gfc1qsb5m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-direct-and-indirect-tax-gdp-ratios-by-level-of-1wtpsg8n.png Table 1 Direct and indirect tax/GDP ratios by level of government https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-political-fiscal-statement-of-government-fiscal-16ufxnjg.png Figure 1 A Political fiscal statement of government fiscal activity https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-aspects-of-the-black-economy-in-india-selected-data-2fbldlzv.png Table 3 Aspects of the black economy in India: Selected data from the NIPFP qualitative study https://scispace.com/papers/state-feedback-control-of-switching-server-flowline-with-1epkx0855v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-switching-server-flowline-overview-3jvbk9y7.png Fig. 1. Switching server flowline overview. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-period-of-one-cycle-t-divided-into-subsequent-kwf72d46.png Fig. 4. The period of one cycle, T , divided into subsequent phases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-general-form-optimal-process-cycle-for-a-switching-2hs09fnm.png Fig. 3. General form optimal process cycle for a switching server processing two job types, with setup times and setup costs. Left: periodic orbit. Right: buffer levels over time, with slopes of the lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-general-idea-of-flowline-behaving-as-single-switching-12snqpjw.png Fig. 2. General idea of flowline behaving as single switching server. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameter-settings-for-implementation-of-controller-mp1uula6.png TABLE I PARAMETER SETTINGS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROLLER. https://scispace.com/papers/state-observers-of-a-vascular-fluid-structure-interaction-5c1xusr851 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-effect-of-noise-on-the-total-error-decay-in-example-3u5c4ipz.png Figure 9: Effect of noise on the total error decay in Example 2 for the SDF with γd = 300. The dashed lines correspond to Formula (21) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-performance-of-the-dvfam-filter-to-be-compared-3oymbb9q.png Figure 12: Performance of the DVFam filter (to be compared with Figure 11, left) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-coefficient-ph-a-d-0mapha-d-0-for-the-319w0ifu.png Table 1: Values of coefficient Φ⊺ a,d|0MAΦa,d|0 for the poles from Figure 11(left) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-poles-of-the-dvf-left-and-the-sdf-right-estimators-2qtdia4m.png Figure 11: Poles of the DVF (left) and the SDF (right) estimators for the elastodynamics/pressure system, with full observation and for different values of the gain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-linear-spectral-left-and-nonlinear-transient-right-1l8pezti.png Figure 17: Linear spectral (left) and nonlinear transient (right) analysis for Example 1 with the SDFd https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-zoomed-views-around-the-windkessel-pole-when-1j7u7leh.png Figure 15: Zoomed views around the Windkessel pole when varying the filters gains https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-decay-of-the-error-for-solid-and-fluid-in-the-2pdirrsg.png Figure 4: Decay of the error for solid and fluid in the energy norm for Example 1 (all curves are normalized with the initial energy). The colors correspond to the legend of Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-velocity-field-and-inflow-condition-for-example-2-2o6ei6yy.png Figure 5: Velocity field and inflow condition for Example 2 https://scispace.com/papers/state-of-the-art-in-negotiation-ontologies-for-enhancing-4wkp0yoo7l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hierarchy-of-negotiation-ontology-3oem70gd.png Figure 5. Hierarchy of negotiation ontology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-negotiation-ontology-for-e-commerce-we593bnx.png Figure 1. Negotiation ontology for e-commerce https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-compare-and-contrast-of-the-negotiation-ontologies-1jmgbued.png Table 2. Compare and contrast of the negotiation ontologies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-negotiation-ontology-for-a-typical-financial-3mh767c8.png Figure 6. Negotiation ontology for a typical financial transaction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-e-commerce-ontology-3canxud6.png Figure 4. E-commerce ontology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-general-structure-of-negotiation-ontology-2bm4dc6p.png Figure 3. General structure of negotiation ontology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-negotiation-ontology-for-e-market-3k3jb4b3.png Figure 2. Negotiation ontology for e-market https://scispace.com/papers/state-of-the-art-in-large-scale-soil-moisture-monitoring-5fvfxwavmi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-geometry-of-a-multipath-signal-for-antenna-height-h0-3436b01y.png Fig. 3. Geometry of a multipath signal, for antenna height (H0) and satellite elevation angle (E). 29 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-drought-probabilities-estimated-by-the-awd-method-and-2j8lvugr.png Fig. 17. Drought probabilities estimated by the AWD method and SWD methods for the 0- to 40- 140 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-schematic-of-principle-atmospheric-boundary-layer-157e5vt7.png Fig. 19. Schematic of principle atmospheric boundary layer interactions with the land surface 163 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-soil-volumetric-water-content-vwc-measured-by-five-3bympk7u.png Fig. 4. Soil volumetric water content (VWC, %) measured by five water content reflectometers 36 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-daily-mean-for-each-day-in-july-2006-averaged-over-2jozadw7.png Fig. 20. Daily mean for each day in July 2006, averaged over Europe, of the observation minus 169 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-number-of-stations-found-within-and-area-covered-by-1qs09elz.png Fig. 15. Number of stations found within and area covered by the different Köppen Geiger 132 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-location-of-study-site-used-by-striegl-and-loheide-2o5meqk0.png Fig. 5. Location of study site used by Striegl and Loheide (2012) (a), aerial photo of active DTS 42 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-nine-airmoss-flux-sites-covering-major-distribution-1gfsqi14.png Fig. 10. Nine AirMOSS flux sites covering major distribution of vegetation types in North 93 https://scispace.com/papers/state-of-the-art-on-load-testing-of-concrete-bridges-4mx5vi86ws 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-maximum-crack-width-w-and-increase-in-crack-dw-width-2um11a9u.png Table 1. Maximum crack width w and increase in crack Δw width from the German guidelines 2 [79]. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-probability-density-functions-of-load-and-1ycxd32a.png Figure 6. Probability density functions of load and resistance: (a) before a load test; (b) during a 9 load test; (c) after a load test. 10 https://scispace.com/papers/state-of-the-art-in-power-line-communications-from-the-47r4u55osx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-emission-standards-and-regulations-for-nb-plc-500-48pbli78.png TABLE I EMISSION STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS FOR NB PLC (<500 kHz) AND BB PLC IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE WORLD https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-average-statistical-metrics-for-different-channel-1jqk862q.png TABLE II AVERAGE STATISTICAL METRICS FOR DIFFERENT CHANNEL SCENARIOS IN DIFFERENT FREQUENCY BANDS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mu-correlation-coefficient-between-siso-plc-channels-2qhqbmgl.png Fig. 5. MU correlation coefficient between SISO PLC channels sharing, or not, the same transmitter (a) and spatial correlation coefficient among all the star-style receiving mode combinations for the MIMO channels (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-between-ofdm-fmt-and-cb-fmt-in-terms-of-nmnysvtw.png Fig. 10. Comparison between OFDM, FMT and CB-FMT in terms of maximum achievable rate as a function of the number of sub-channels used K . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-possible-mimo-transmission-modes-in-a-plc-network-31g0rd3y.png Fig. 6. Possible MIMO transmission modes in a PLC network, according to the STF-410. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-and-timeline-for-the-development-of-bb-plc-2htwu76r.png Fig. 1. Overview and timeline for the development of BB PLC specifications and standards. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-real-part-a-and-imaginary-part-b-of-the-input-line-42d436ty.png Fig. 7. Real part (a) and imaginary part (b) of the input line impedance for the in-home scenario in the broadband frequency range 1.8–100 MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-frequency-bandplans-for-standards-and-specifications-26u8pqsg.png Fig. 3. Frequency bandplans for standards and specifications of HDR NB PLC systems,2 following bands available in different regions of the world (see Section II-A.1). The numbers are the center frequencies of the start and end tone for each of the bands rounded to the next kHz-integer value. Adapted from [61]. https://scispace.com/papers/state-space-representation-for-arbitrary-orthogonal-rational-4ab8a3vsmz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-relative-error-in-function-of-the-number-of-orf-1pnglnue.png Fig. 1. The relative error in function of the number of ORF calculated. https://scispace.com/papers/state-space-blind-source-recovery-of-non-minimum-phase-2didlycmkx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-non-minimum-phase-environment-a-pole-zero-map-b-2i8i7a0k.png Figure 3. Non-minimum phase environment (a) Pole Zero Map (b) Transfer Function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-state-space-demixing-network-2lr5p8c7.png Figure 2. State Space Demixing Network https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bsr-of-non-minimum-phase-environment-a-convergence-22jfowxk.png Figure 4. BSR of non-minimum phase environment (a) Convergence of MISI index, (b) Theoretical Environment Inverse (c) Estimated Demixing Network, (d) Final Global Transfer Function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-linear-dynamic-environment-model-1isp3fsw.png Figure 1. Linear Dynamic Environment Model https://scispace.com/papers/stated-choices-and-benefit-estimates-in-the-context-of-1p40sg0trh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparing-ru-and-rr-in-mnl-models-3-256-observations-5wtwiios.png Table 1: Comparing RU and RR in MNL models; 3, 256 observations https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-maximum-costs-in-gbp-per-year-to-vote-in-candidate-f1s9pu8e.png Table 4: Maximum costs in GBP per year to vote in candidate traffic calming schemes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-latent-class-ru-and-rr-models-with-and-without-taste-fji87hvg.png Table 2: Latent class RU and RR models with and without taste heterogeneity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ru-and-rr-in-the-mnl-models-1ikfzru6.png Figure 1: RU and RR in the MNL models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-membership-models-for-ru-class-in-mixture-models-and-3dvht3wx.png Table 3: Membership models for RU class in mixture models and membership probabilities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ru-and-rr-in-the-2-lc-models-specifications-14a4dvma.png Figure 2: RU and RR in the 2 LC models’ specifications. https://scispace.com/papers/states-and-strategy-in-new-federal-democracies-399a6nyv05 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-streams-of-public-funding-and-political-money-in-9k2fqd1q.png Figure 1. Streams of public funding and political money in Mexico. Source: Own elaboration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-intra-party-transfers-1998-2007-the-colour-of-a-3hqtzg8e.png Figure 2. Intra-party transfers, 1998–2007. The colour of a state reflects the average amount of transfers for ordinary activities in constant pesos between 1998 and 2007, with darker shades indicating higher average transfers. Dots indicate volatility in transfers, measured by a coefficient of variability, with larger dots indicating higher volatility. https://scispace.com/papers/stathmin-is-required-for-normal-mouse-mammary-gland-3ldb17r8hf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-loss-of-stathmin-in-d16her2-mammary-epithelial-2f4z3uuj.png Figure 7. Loss of stathmin in D16HER2 mammary epithelial cells leads to alteration of mitotic spindle orientation and decreased growth. A, Immunofluorescence analyses on sections from D16HER2-WT or -STM KO mammary tissue excised at 13 weeks of age, immunostained for pY694STAT5 (green), cytokeratin 8 (red), and nuclei (TO-PRO-3, blue). Images are representative ofwhat observed in n¼4differentmice. Scale bars, 28mm.B,Quantification ofmitotic spindle angle inmammary glands from 13weeks of ageD16HER2-WTor -STMKOmice. The angle betweenmitotic axis andbasementmembranewas calculated using ImageJ in sections stained for pSer10-H3, a-tubulin, and nuclei. Results are from four mice/genotype. C, Pictures of NMuMG D16HER2-expressing cells transduced with Ad shCTR or Ad shSTM, serum starved, and released in complete medium for the indicated times. Pictures represent cells after 48 hours from release. Scale bars, 100 mm. D, Immunoblot analysis of lysates from cells described in C. Arrow, specific stathmin band. Asterisk, nonspecific band. Vinculin was used as loading control. E,Histogramdisplays thenumber of colonies formedbyNMuMGclones expressingD16HER2and stably silenced (shSTM)or not (CTR) for stathmin. Cellswere stained with crystal violet and visible colonies were counted in n ¼ 3 different clones tested. F, Anchorage-independent growth of NMuMG cells stably silenced (shSTM) or not (CTR) for stathmin. Cellswere included in soft agar in presence of completemedium for 3weeks. Graph reports the count of colony number from n¼ 3 different clones tested.When not otherwise specified, n¼ 3 independent experiments were conducted. When boxwhisker plots were used, minimum, median, andmaximum values are shown in the graph. In all graphs, significance was calculated by Student t test or Mann–Whitney test, as appropriate, and is indicated by a P < 0.05. G, Heatmap showing the differential regulation of 502 probes (P < 0.05; FC>2) between MMG from 13 week-old D16HER2 mice, WT, or KO for stathmin gene. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-loss-of-stathmin-alters-the-mammary-gland-3ftxwz04.png Figure 3. Loss of stathmin alters the mammary gland organization. A, Representative images of immunofluorescence analyses of mouse mammary glands collected from WT or STM KO mice during lactation, as indicated. At least three MMG/genotype were analyzed. Tissue sections were immunostained (from left to right) for cytokeratin 8 (luminal marker, red), cytokeratin 14 (basal marker, green), and nuclei (TO-PRO-3, blue); Rab7 (red) and nuclei (TO-PRO-3, blue); IL4R (green) and whey acidic protein (WAP; red); E-cadherin (red) and nuclei (TO-PRO-3, blue), as indicated. On the right side, an enlargement of the E-cadherin/nuclei panels, to highlight differences in the duct structure, is shown. Scale bars, 11 mm. B, Acini formation assay in 3D Matrigel of primary mMECs extracted from WT and STM KO mammary glands (n ¼ 3). Twelve days after Matrigel embedding, the colonies were immunostained for ZO-1 (green) and nuclei (TO-PRO-3, blue; left), and for acetylated a-tubulin (red) and nuclei (TO-PRO-3, blue; right). Scale bars, 14 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-loss-of-stathmin-leads-to-decreased-stat5-iajyslnz.png Figure 4. Loss of stathmin leads to decreased STAT5 activation. A, Graph reports the results from ELISA assay evaluating the concentration of prolactin hormone in mouse MMG lysates (left) and in circulation (serum; right), in WT and STM KO mice during pregnancy and lactation, as indicated. B, Graph reports the normalized transcript level of PrlR in MMG collected from WT and STM KO mice during pregnancy and lactation, as indicated. At least four mice/genotype were analyzed. C, Western blot analysis of protein lysates extracted from MMG of WT and STM KO mice during lactation, as indicated. Each lane corresponds to a different mouse. Ponceau stainingwas used as loading control. Arrow, specific stathmin band. Asterisk, a nonspecific band. Right, graphs report the quantification of the bands corresponding to pY694 STAT5 and PrlR, normalized by the total level of STAT5 and by the Ponceau staining of the lysates. D, Immunofluorescence analysis of pY694 STAT5 (green), b-catenin (red), and nuclei (TO-PRO-3, blue), performed on sections of MMG collected fromWT and STM KOmice during lactation. Scale bars, 18 mm. E, qRT-PCR analysis of STAT5 target genes in MMG collected from WT and STM KO mice during lactation. Normalized mRNA level of a-Casein, b-casein, and WAP is reported. At least four mice/genotype were analyzed. F, qRT-PCR analysis of STAT5 target genes, a-Casein, b-Casein, and WAP in mouse primary mMECs extracted from WT and STM KO virgin mice, serum starved (untreated, Unt), and stimulated with murine prolactin (100 ng/mL) for 1 hour. Results derive from the use of n ¼ 3 cell populations/genotype and are expressed as fold change in respect to the untreated. When box whisker plots were used, minimum,median, andmaximumvalues are shown in the graph. In all graphs, significancewas calculated by Student t test orMann–Whitney test, as appropriate, and is indicated by a P < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-loss-of-stathmin-impairs-mouse-mammary-gland-1azlb7dm.png Figure 1. Loss of stathmin impairs mouse mammary gland development. A, Graph reports the percentage of viable litters born fromWT or STM KO female mice in the first or following pregnancies, as indicated. Litters were considered viable when at least one pup was nursed and survived. Bottom, representative pictures of pups born from WT (left) or STM KO (right) dam are reported. Dashed line highlights the pup stomach, with or without milk inside. Data from C57/BL6 and FVB mouse backgrounds were merged together and at least 25 litters/genotype were evaluated. B, Whole mount of mammary glands collected from WT (top) and STMKO (bottom) femalemice at different phases of development: prepubertal stage (5weeks of age), adult virgin (9–11 weeks of age), during pregnancy (day 13.5 of gestation), and during lactation (one day postpartum). At least four mice/stage/genotype were analyzed. C, Quantification of epithelial coverage per area (ducts and alveoli) in hematoxylin and eosin–stained mammary gland sections (shown in Supplementary Fig. S1A), collected at the same developmental stages described in B. Images were taken with a 5 objective and quantified with the ImageJ software. D, qRT-PCR analysis of stathmin transcript level in WT mammary glands, collected at the indicated stages. E, Representative Western blot analysis of stathmin protein level in lysates from WT and KO mammary glands, collected at the indicated stages. Ponceau staining was used as loading control. From B to E, results are from n ¼ 4 samples/stage. In all graphs, significance was calculated by Student t test and is indicated by a P < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-stathminmodulates-prlr-stability-a-western-blot-2xpolybw.png Figure 5. Stathminmodulates PrlR stability.A,Western blot analysis of PrlR inNMuMGcontrol cells (CTR) or silenced for stathmin (shSTM). Cellswere serum starvedovernight, treated with cycloheximide (CHX; 50 mg/mL) for 2 hours and then stimulated with murine Prl (200 ng/mL) for indicated times. GAPDH was used as loading control. B, Analysis of PrlR internalization and trafficking in NMuMG cells control cells (CTR) or silenced for stathmin (shSTM). Cells were serum starved for 4 hours and stimulated with murine Prl (100 ng/mL) for 1 hour on ice. Cells were then incubated at 37 C for the indicated time and immunostained with PrlR (green), RAB5 (red), and phalloidin (blue). Scale bars, 7 mm. C, Representative confocal images of NMuMG CTR cells, STM-silenced cells (shSTM), or taxol-treated CTR cells (100 nmol/L). Cells were immunostained with PrlR (green), RAB7 (red), and nuclei (TO-PRO-3, blue). Scale bars, 18 mm. When not otherwise specified, n ¼ 3 independent experiments were conducted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-loss-of-stathmin-decreases-proliferation-and-31hbrtd0.png Figure 2. Loss of stathmin decreases proliferation and altersmitotic spindle orientationofmammary epithelial cells.A,Graph reports the percentage of Ki67-positive cells, evaluated by IF, in mammary glands from WT and STM KO female mice, collected at the indicated stages. B, Histogram displays the percentage of apoptotic cells, evaluated by TUNEL assay, in mammary tissue collected fromWT and STM KO mice during pregnancy and lactation. In A and B, results are from n ¼ 4 samples/stage/genotype. At least 10 fields/section from 63 pictures were scored. C, Immunoblot analysis of indicated proteins in NMuMG cells transduced with adenoviral particles expressing shCTR or shSTM, serum starved and released in complete medium for the indicated times. Tubulin was used as loading control. Arrow, specific stathmin band. Asterisk, nonspecific band. D, Acini formation assay in 3D Matrigel of human breast primary epithelial cells (BPE-3) silenced for stathmin (shSTM) or not (CTR). TendaysafterMatrigel embedding, thenumber of colonies/fieldwascounted.E,Colonyareaofexperiment described inDmeasuredusing theVolocity software and expressed in arbitrary units (A.U.). Each dot corresponds to one colony. F and G, Graphs report the duration of mitosis (F) and the number of cells unable to successfully resolve mitosis and dying over the total number of mitoses/field (G) evaluated by time-lapse microscopy in CTR and shSTM NMuMG, serum starved, and released in complete medium and recorded every 5 minutes for 16 hours. For calculating the duration of mitosis, at least 30 mitotic events/clone were measured. Three different silenced clones were tested in both experiments. H, Graph (top) and representative images (bottom) reporting the percentage of aberrant mitoses in CTR and shSTMNMuMG, serum starved, released for 18 hours in completemedium, and analyzedby immunofluorescence.Multi-centrosomeormitoseswith alteredmitotic spindle orientation (rotated) were counted in three different clones. Cells were immunostained with g-tubulin (green), a-tubulin (red), and nuclei (TO-PRO-3, blue). Scale bars, 11 mm. I, Graph (top) and representative images (bottom) reporting the percentage of cells showing a mitotic spindle angle higher or lower than 70 , evaluated in CTR and shSTMBPE-3 cells, grown in 3DMatrigel. The anglewas calculatedmeasuring the intersectionof a line drawnbetween the spindle poles (spindle axis) and a line drawn from the acini centroid to themidpoint of the spindle axis. The 3D acini were immunostained for pSer10-H3 (red),a-tubulin (green), and nuclei (TO-PRO-3, blue). Confocal imagesofmetaphase or anaphasemitotic cellswere collected and analyzed using the ImageJ software. Scale bars, 11mm. J,Graph reports the quantification of 3D colonies presenting NMuMG cells (control and shSTM, as indicated) uptaking the propidium iodide in live culture. Values indicate the percentage of positive colonies over the number of total colonies. K, Graph reports the quantification of mitotic cells/field in WT and STM KO mammary glands collected during pregnancy and lactation. Sectionswere stained for pSer10-H3 and positive cells were counted from63 images. Results are from n¼ 4 samples/stage. At least 10 fields/sectionwere scored and counted. L, Left, graph reports the percentage of cells showing amitotic spindle angle higher or lower than 30 , evaluated inmammary gland sections fromWT and STM KO mice during lactation. The angle was calculated measuring the intersection between the spindle axis of mitotic cells and the basement membrane. Right, representative imagesshowthe immunostaining forpSer10-H3(red),a-tubulin (green), andnuclei (TO-PRO-3, blue). Scalebars, 10mm.Whennototherwisespecified, n ¼ 3 independent experiments were conducted. In all graphs, significance was calculated by Student t test or Mann–Whitney test, as appropriate, and is indicated by a P < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-loss-of-stathmin-induces-partial-resistance-to-tb1dhgem.png Figure 6. Loss of stathmin induces partial resistance to D16HER2-driven tumorigenesis. A, Immunofluorescence analysis of stathmin (green) and acetylated a-tubulin (red) expression in MMG collected from D16HER2-WT mice at 13 weeks of age. Arrowhead, neoplastic lesion. Scale bars, 35 mm. B, Graph reports the number of neoplastic foci detected per hematoxylin and eosin–stained section ofmammary glands collected from D16HER2-WT or -STM KOmice at 13 weeks of age, as indicated. Representative images of hematoxylin and eosin–stained mammary glands, taken with a 5 objective, are reported at the bottom of the graph. Arrowheads, neoplastic lesions. At least n¼ 5mice/genotype were scored. Scale bars, 500 mm. C,Graph (top) and representative images (bottom) of Ki67-positive cells (green), evaluated by immunofluorescence analysis, in sections from the same samples described in B. Nuclei were stained with propidium iodide (red). Results are from n ¼ 5 mice/genotype. Scale bars, 25 mm. D, Graph reports the number of tumors detected in D16HER2-positive, STM WT, or KO mice of 20 weeks of age (5–6 weeks from palpable tumor onset) at necropsy examination. At least 6 mice/group were evaluated. E and F, Graph (E) and representative images (F) of Ki67-positive cells (green), evaluated by immunofluorescence analysis in tumors from D16HER2-WT, or STM-KO mice described in D. Nuclei were stained with propidium iodide (red). Scale bars, 70 mm. G and H, Graphs report the onset (G) and growth (H) of palpable tumors derived from syngeneic injection experiments. Tumors from D16HER2-positive, WT-, or STM-KOmice (donors) were disaggregated and plated as primary cultures. Upon achievement of confluence, 3 105 cells were injected in mammary fat pad of D16HER2-negative, WT-, or STM-KOmice (recipients). At least 5 mice/group and three different cell populations/ group were utilized. In all graphs, significance was calculated by Student t test or Mann–Whitney test, as appropriate, and is indicated by a P < 0.05. https://scispace.com/papers/static-and-dynamic-gains-from-costly-importing-of-53ukqhyhj2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimates-of-production-function-parameters-15e9v7qy.png Table 4: estimates of production function parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-labor-productivity-for-importers-and-non-importers1-usy5yw5f.png Table 3: labor productivity for importers and non-importers1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimates-of-productivity-evolution-parameters-and-c8cc71wa.png Table 5: estimates of productivity evolution parameters and demand elasticity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-importing-and-simulated-expected-productivity-for-lz9u0k93.png Figure 2: Importing and simulated expected productivity for 30 years https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-implied-revenue-function-parameters-sources-of-jjni0qr7.png Table 6: implied revenue function parameters: sources of static gains https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-distribution-of-sunk-and-fixed-cost-mle-11knv3kt.png Table 7: distribution of sunk and fixed cost (MLE) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-total-gains-from-importing-in-millions-of-1977-pesos-18pza5q2.png Table 8: total gains from importing (in millions of 1977 Pesos) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-dynamic-and-static-gains-from-importing-in-millions-1xuwqvun.png Table 9: dynamic and static gains from importing (in millions of 1977 Pesos) https://scispace.com/papers/static-and-dynamic-moduli-of-malm-carbonate-a-poroelastic-2m8h6alcmz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-biot-coefficients-as-a-function-of-terzaghi-1bpt2etk.png Figure 4: Biot coefficients as a function of Terzaghi effective pressure (Eq.3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-compressional-wave-velocity-vp-as-a-function-of-2nz8fwno.png Figure 8: Compressional wave velocity VP as a function of Terzaghi effective pressure at 30 and 60 ◦C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-bulk-moduli-as-a-function-of-terzaghi-effective-2ym26jhf.png Figure 14: Bulk moduli as a function of Terzaghi effective pressure at 60 ◦C. The effective drained bulk modulus was calculated by substituting the drained velocity ratio in the Eq.8. The calculated effective and measured static bulk moduli matched well. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mineral-composition-of-malm-carbonate-minerals-were-8vzs1lu5.png Table 1: Mineral composition of Malm carbonate. Minerals were identified by XRD analysis. Bulk moduli of the minerals are taken from Mavko et al (2003) and the bulk modulus of titanium dioxid is taken from Carmichael (1984). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-confining-pressure-as-a-function-of-bulk-volumetric-sazqm9b3.png Figure 3: Confining pressure as a function of bulk volumetric strain at unjacketed conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-drained-bulk-moduli-at-30-and-60-c-as-a-function-of-470ubmoa.png Figure 2: Drained bulk moduli at 30 and 60 ◦C as a function of Terzaghi effective pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-detecting-the-onset-of-arrival-times-tp-and-ts-was-2uaviay0.png Figure 7: Detecting the onset of arrival times (tp and ts) was performed by employing the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) for both P- and S-wavelets. The minimum value of the AIC function corresponds to the first motion of the waves. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-poissons-ratio-n-as-a-function-of-terzaghi-qbtl4taq.png Figure 11: Poisson’s ratio ν as a function of Terzaghi effective pressure at 30 and 60 ◦C. https://scispace.com/papers/static-and-switching-characteristics-of-10-kv-class-silicon-5ajhz3swv1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-drift-region-doping-details-3ugpfu9h.png Fig. 1 – Drift region doping details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-full-double-pulse-waveforms-for-bjt-single-3-d5-3-in-a-1y480qm4.png Fig. 6 – Full Double Pulse waveforms for BJT single 3#D5-3 in a), paralleled 3#P1 in b) and Darlington 3#D1 in c) at room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-hard-turn-on-waveforms-for-bjt-single-3-d5-3-in-a-1cd4i6gn.png Fig. 7 – Hard turn on waveforms for BJT single 3#D5-3 in a), paralleled 3#P1 in b) and Darlington 3#D1 in c) at room temperature with a bus voltage of 3 kV and a turn on current of 10 A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-packaging-layout-of-a-single-bjt-a-paralleled-bjt-b-2mz7ohvc.png Fig. 2 – Packaging layout of a single BJT (a), paralleled BJT (b) and Darlington (c) on the left and the packaged device on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-switching-parameters-of-the-single-bjt-the-38cbc5xk.png Table 1 – Main switching parameters of the single BJT, the paralleled BJT and the Darlington extracted from Fig. 7 and Fig. 8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-hard-turn-off-waveforms-for-bjt-single-3-d5-3-in-a-2tzfcfei.png Fig. 8 – Hard turn-off waveforms for BJT single 3#D5-3 in a), paralleled 3#P1 in b) and Darlington in c) at room temperature with a bus voltage of 3 kV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-open-base-blocking-capability-of-bjt-3-d5-3-a-and-1gi6mj8r.png Fig. 3 – The open base blocking capability of BJT 3#D5-3 a) and its output characteristics in b). https://scispace.com/papers/static-extraction-and-conformance-analysis-of-hierarchical-2ey1rtk3co 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-architectural-abstraction-v1x38hs8.png Figure 2. Architectural abstraction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-data-type-declarations-for-theograph-23qyxzwx.png Figure 10. Data type declarations for theOGraph. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-simplified-fdj-abstract-syntax-7-3ux494nc.png Figure 9. Simplified FDJ abstract syntax [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-showing-adivergence-as-asummary-connector-2mif65n9.png Figure 19. Showing adivergence as asummary connector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-displaying-aconvergence-and-adivergence-1fdgf6ps.png Figure 18. Displaying aconvergence and adivergence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-aphyds-conformance-results-3swot1cf.png Figure 23. Aphyds conformance results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-aphyds-conformance-metrics-2e5wmu5y.png Table 1. Aphyds conformance metrics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-aphyds-object-graph-by-womble-17-to-read-the-labels-1flnmfw8.png Figure 1. Aphyds object graph by WOMBLE [17]. To read the labels, zoom in by 1000%. https://scispace.com/papers/static-lightweight-includes-resolution-for-php-33yphcbaw7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-magic-constants-in-php-ui5aq0yz.png Table 1: Magic Constants in PHP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-boxplot-detailing-run-time-in-ms-of-flres-for-all-ac0m2uxu.png Figure 4: Boxplot detailing run-time in ms of FLRES for all files in the corpus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-php-file-inclusion-process-9jys0f9t.png Figure 1: The PHP File Inclusion Process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-includes-in-mediawiki-1-19-1-j1cfp24r.png Figure 2: Includes in MediaWiki 1.19.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-ambiguous-file-level-include-36nuqacr.png Figure 3: An Ambiguous File-Level Include. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-running-flres-on-the-corpus-hndr7cfd.png Table 3: Results of running FLRES on the corpus. https://scispace.com/papers/static-menisci-in-a-vertical-right-circular-cylinder-4fp959a2ux 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sqt12n5w.png Fig. 8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2pjvnias.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-2gunf7e6.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-32fw4xoa.png Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1cs94j00.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/papers/static-wetting-behaviour-of-diblock-copolymers-4j932oqiy2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-variation-of-urn-versus-n-for-ua-2-and-6-1-i-is-only-1gwzxej7.png Fig. 3. - Variation Of urn versus n for uA = - 2 and 6 = - 1. <I,, is only defined for integer values of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ziggourat-like-structure-obtaincd-after-annealing-at-89iq8u04.png Fig. 4. - Ziggourat-like structure obtaincd after annealing at 170 .C for one day a thin film of a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-c-w-y-s-l-l-s-i-i-for-r-a-5-5-and-6-2-n-layers-3alp8dja.png Fig. 5 . - c, W Y S L L S i i for r A = 5.5 and 6 = 2. n-layers corresponding to big dots above the waxis are https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-diagramm-of-ail-possible-regimes-in-the-8-r-a-space-30mbf868.png Fig. 10. - Diagramm of ail possible regimes in the (8, r A ) space. Types enclosed in ellipses refer to :he corresponding sections in the text. Heavy lines define four main regimes defined on the basis of the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-r-e-i-s-i-s-n-for-cra-0-5-and-8-i-odd-states-are-2txo7qaa.png Fig. 9. - r,, ~ e i - s ~ i s n for crA = 0.5 and 8 = I . Odd states are piling up. while even statcs prefer lowest 17. The bilayer is absolutely stable. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-cross-section-of-a-finite-monolayer-ab-on-a-qk06xwl7.png Fig. 1. - Schematic cross-section of a finite monolayer AB on a solid substrate. The equilibrium https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-o-versus-n-for-rh-1-5-and-6-1-there-is-no-spreading-n-1dzq7q3s.png Fig. 6. - o,, versus n for rh = 1.5 and 6 = 1. There is no spreading n-layer since no dot is found above the n-axis. The big dot which is the closest from the axis is at n = 2. The bilayer is therefore stable. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-cross-section-of-a-finite-bilnycr-abba-on-a-2brun5cm.png Fig. 2. - Schematic cross-section of a finite bilnycr ABBA on a solid. The fictive interface BB is https://scispace.com/papers/statics-and-dynamics-of-free-and-hydrogen-bonded-oh-groups-20vjz15lns 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-probability-density-p-th-and-b-corresponding-7vqs8q5e.png Figure 4: (a) Probability density P(θ) and (b) corresponding effective potential V (θ) of interfacial free or hydrogen-bonded OH groups (HB2 criteria) for SPC/E and TIP4P/2005 water. The statistical uncertainty is only shown for the SPC/E model for clarity but is similar for the TIP4P/2005. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-reorientation-decay-as-measured-by-ln-p2-for-the-22ugjqlt.png Figure 9: Reorientation decay as measured by ln(P2) for the entire population of OH groups that at both t = 0 and t = τ belong to the bulk (repeated from Figure 7 to facilitate comparisons), or only for those that are free (HB2 criteria) and at the interface at both times. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geometry-of-the-simulated-water-slab-and-coordinate-3ah639ty.png Figure 1: Geometry of the simulated water slab and coordinate system used during analysis. The center of mass is at z=0. The box dimensions are 30×30×60 Å3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-lifetimes-ps-of-free-or-bonded-hb2-criteria-oh-1a9hfi23.png Table 3: Lifetimes (ps) of free or bonded (HB2 criteria) OH groups for the SPC/E water model. The statistical uncertainty of the reported lifetimes is 0.02 ps (asymptotic standard error of the fit). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fraction-f-f-oh-z-of-free-oh-groups-at-each-2ajuepfy.png Figure 3: Fraction f f OH(z) of free OH groups at each position in the water slab (0 is the center) for SPC/E water, for three hydrogen-bond criteria. For comparison, the fraction of free OH groups for TIP4P/2005 water and the HB2 criteria is also shown. The error bars indicate the standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-characteristic-time-ps-for-free-to-bonded-t-f-b-and-j16lijdi.png Table 5: Characteristic time (ps) for free-to-bonded (τ f ,b) and bonded-to-free (τb, f ) transitions (HB1 criteria for the bonded state, HB2 criteria for the free state). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-distribution-of-a-th-and-b-z-at-each-instant-3cie1gww.png Figure 11: Distribution of (a) θ and (b) z at each instant surrounding a free-to-bonded (HB2 criteria) transition described by interfacial OH groups of SPC/E water. t = 0 is defined as the instant at which the (previously free) OH groups first form hydrogen-bonds. The distributions for t < 0 include only free OH groups; for t > 0 they include only bonded ones. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-possible-transition-state-configurations-for-116easms.png Figure 8: The possible transition state configurations for hydrogen-bond exchange between Oo and Od are those on the blue ring defined by the distance Od · · ·On = R† and angle 6 Oo · · ·Od · · ·On = ∆ϑ . (a) For waters near a solute (grey sphere), the only available transition state configurations lie on the visible part of the ring. Near a sharp water-solute interface like this, the fraction f̄ of available transition state configurations is the visible part of the ring divided by the total ring perimeter. (b) For waters at a finite thickness interface, the fraction f̄ of available transition state configurations reflects the continuously varying time-averaged water density (here indicated by the light blue gradient) at different positions in the ring as described in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-accuracy-of-scattered-points-filters-and-2vbivu1st2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-basic-functions-h-s-for-interpolative-f41x32m8.png TABLE 1. Examples of basic functions h(s) for interpolative weighting functions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-basic-weighting-functions-of-1bfnv7u1.png FIGURE 2. Examples of basic weighting functions of interpolative filters acting on rectangular windows: (a) constant; (b) parabolic dome; (c) pyramid; and (d) parabolic peak. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-dimensions-of-the-rectangular-filters-used-in-the-2rn0j4aj.png TABLE 6. Dimensions of the rectangular filters used in the processing of the experimental data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-experimental-results-of-the-bubble-number-density-qhgc8zp5.png FIGURE 10. Experimental results of the bubble number density versus the height above the distributor of the bed obtained from different filter sizes (see table 6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-colour-online-experimental-maps-of-bubble-number-2rrqveyi.png FIGURE 11. (Colour online) Experimental maps of bubble number density nb (a), equivalent diameter Db (b) and vertical velocity Vb (c) calculated with a parabolic-dome filter of size B2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-monte-carlo-results-for-the-relative-error-eu-in-1xwxbn3q.png FIGURE 7. Monte Carlo results for the relative error Eυ in estimating the variance versus the spatial wavelength of a single-frequency and isotropic two-dimensional signal perturbed with white noise: (a) effect of the weighting function for µ; (b) effect of rυ , rL and Mp using a constant weighting function for µ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-colour-online-schematic-diagrams-of-the-9nt4ewqe.png FIGURE 8. (Colour online) Schematic diagrams of the experimental apparatus employed for the image acquisition of bubbles in a two-dimensional fluidized bed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-experimental-results-for-the-variance-of-the-2drzr694.png FIGURE 15. Experimental results for the variance of the bubble diameter (a) and vertical velocity (b) as a function of the height above the distributor. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-analysis-of-complex-systems-with-nonclassical-3tcd0q6rm4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-free-energy-profile-for-varying-3s0nf7ev.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Free-energy profile for varying temperature 1/β and grayness w. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-theoretical-solid-line-and-numerical-1uirq2as.png FIG. 1. (Color online) (a) Theoretical (solid line) and numerical (red circles) soliton invariant measure versus λ/2ρ calculated for grayness w = 0.9. (b) Theoretical (solid line) and numerical (red circles) free energy X versus inverse temperature β for w = 0.9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-time-position-of-the-wave-breaking-point-1qo6ky3l.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Time position of the wave breaking point (dashed line) versus grayness w, with insets showing the corresponding field intensity profiles (solid lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-time-dependent-dynamics-of-the-manybody-bgfit3ce.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Time-dependent dynamics of the manybody soliton ensemble for w = 1 (a), w = 0.95 (b), w = 0.9 (c), w = 0.85 (d). In all simulations the amplitude of the input ψ0 is set to ρ = 30. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-analysis-of-impulsive-flashover-voltages-across-4adjwzjxkg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-normal-lognormal-2-parameter-and-3-parameter-weibull-10nut4sw.png Fig. 4. Normal, lognormal, 2-parameter and 3-parameter Weibull cumulative probability functions (CDFs) with empirical distribution function found from the breakdown results; “Vbr” corresponds to the ECDF points from breakdown voltage and median rank value https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-linear-relationship-between-g-104-and-r-99-09-from-a-3-1c1jubyq.png Fig. 3. Linear relationship between γ = 104 and R = 99.09% from a 3- parameter Weibull distribution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-linear-relationship-between-g-0-and-r-91-21-from-a-2-2t5c1a0m.png Fig. 2. Linear relationship between γ = 0 and R = 91.21% from a 2-parameter Weibull distribution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustrative-example-of-k-s-test-with-the-maximum-16eyrbj4.png Fig. 1. Illustrative example of K-S test with the maximum point shown from the black arrow from the CDF in red and the ECDF in blue https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-critical-k-s-values-and-rank-order-associated-with-195dz96f.png TABLE II CRITICAL K-S VALUES AND RANK ORDER ASSOCIATED WITH FLASHOVER VOLTAGE RESULTS FOR HDPE, ULTEM AND DELRIN AT –0.5 BAR GAUGE AND AT ~50% RH https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-critical-k-s-values-and-rank-order-associated-with-j088imcy.png TABLE I CRITICAL K-S VALUES AND RANK ORDER ASSOCIATED WITH FLASHOVER VOLTAGE RESULTS FOR HDPE, ULTEM AND DELRIN AT –0.5 BAR GAUGE AND AT <10% RH, WITH SHADED RESULTS FROM EXAMPLE SHOWN IN FIG. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-critical-k-s-values-and-rank-order-associated-with-2l0axm1g.png TABLE III CRITICAL K-S VALUES AND RANK ORDER ASSOCIATED WITH FLASHOVER VOLTAGE RESULTS FOR HDPE, ULTEM AND DELRIN AT –0.5 BAR GAUGE AND AT >90% RH - * 3-PARAMETER WEIBULL NOT APPLICABLE AS R = MAX AT γ = 0 https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-analysis-of-lumen-depreciation-for-led-packages-4sjymkxdt4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-4-predicted-b50l70-as-function-of-the-lm-80-3awhz559.png Fig. 17.4 Predicted B50L70 as function of the LM-80 measurement time for the five use cases https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-2-typical-lm-80-data-set-showing-lumen-decay-per-led-lnh4ze6g.png Fig. 17.2 Typical LM-80 data set showing lumen decay per LED as function of measurement time [6] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-3-tm-21-report-example-bhn07861.png Fig. 17.3 TM-21 report example https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-6-predicted-b50l80-as-function-of-the-lm-80-8n36xu5o.png Fig. 17.6 Predicted B50L80 as function of the LM-80 measurement time when taken all the data is one set for high-power LED performance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-5-predicted-b50l80-as-function-of-the-lm-80-xaguc0mz.png Fig. 17.5 Predicted B50L80 as function of the LM-80 measurement time for the four LEDs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-1-over-time-performance-of-an-led-based-system-o8fy9lzd.png Fig. 17.1 Over time performance of an LED-based system https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-2-comparison-of-the-proposed-statistical-method-1t2e64lk.png Table 17.2 Comparison of the proposed statistical method with the existing TM-21 method for B50L70 values https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-1-resulting-fitted-parameters-following-eqs-17-3-16witozj.png Table 17.1 Resulting fitted parameters following Eqs. 17.3 and 17.4. σ is the standard deviation assuming that ln(t) has a normal distribution. Note the positive value of n for case 2a https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-analysis-of-neogene-sediment-thickness-deposited-1pyh4d250t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-thickness-map-of-badenian-and-sarmatian-from-malvic-il6qzuwi.png Fig. 3 Thickness map of Badenian and Sarmatian (from Malvić 2011) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geographic-map-of-the-bjelovar-subbasin-after-malvic-27jkxq85.png Fig. 1 Geographic map of the Bjelovar Subbasin (after Malvić 2011) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-thickness-map-of-early-pannonian-from-malvic-2011-1u1jjrq4.png Fig. 4 Thickness map of Early Pannonian (from Malvić 2011) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-histogram-of-thickness-values-in-badenian-and-18aii3cr.png Fig. 5 Histogram of thickness values in Badenian and Sarmatian sediments of the Bjelovar Sub-basin https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-histogram-of-thickness-values-in-early-pannonian-2io5qlo1.png Fig. 6 Histogram of thickness values in Early Pannonian sediments of the Bjelovar Sub-basin https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-main-tectonic-and-depositional-events-in-the-cpbs-3drxfwoa.png Fig. 2 Main tectonic and depositional events in the CPBS during the Neogene and Quaternary (from Malvić and Velić 2011) https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-and-reliability-analysis-for-mixed-mode-fracture-w8e175jdky 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-specimen-configuration-and-loading-points-2adg05q1.png Fig. 3 Specimen configuration and loading points https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-orientation-of-the-annual-rings-and-the-crack-length-243we24s.png Fig. 2 Orientation of the annual rings and the crack length https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-various-statistical-results-for-full-2mg3lzlo.png Table 4 Comparison of various statistical results for full and consistent data Data Statistical method Point estimate SD Lower bound Upper bound https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-scatter-of-the-part-of-the-shear-mode-sample-data-j-2modk656.png Table 3 Scatter of the part of the shear mode Sample data (J/m2) 0.762–6.735–7.340–8.110–8.165–8.269 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-orientation-axis-b-experimental-setup-and-testing-379ars25.png Fig. 4 a Orientation axis. b Experimental setup and testing machine https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-point-estimate-sd-and-95-confidence-interval-for-the-2ryuaoff.png Table 2 Point estimate, SD and 95% confidence interval for the mean (J/m2) Statistical method Point estimate SD Lower bound Upper bound https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-bootstrap-distribution-of-the-mean-estimate-10000-3dulmh7h.png Fig. 7 Bootstrap distribution of the mean estimate (10,000 samples) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-importance-of-the-design-variables-a-without-4qb01vi1.png Fig. 8 Importance of the design variables: a without statistical uncertainties. b With statistical uncertainties https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-analysis-of-orientation-and-tdoa-based-4aka85yipj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-4-parabola-u4ricnkp.png Figure 6.4: Parabola https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3-hyperbola-1xg13mtt.png Figure 6.3: Hyperbola https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-13-a-case-demonstrating-the-maximum-likelihood-e3h55eyu.png Figure 6.13: A case demonstrating the maximum likelihood estimate with high MSE σ = 0.6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-linear-regression-3jqjoyr9.png Figure 6.1: Linear Regression https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-all-three-ci-share-a-tangent-line-t1-10smssig.png Figure 5.2: All three Ci share a tangent line T1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-example-mean-calculation-incorrect-answer-due-to-3ncfthl2.png Figure 2.4: Example mean calculation, incorrect answer due to discontinuity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-model-for-trilateration-in-a-gnss-c0fwycge.png Figure 4.3: Model for trilateration in a GNSS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-example-convex-hulls-in-two-and-three-dimensions-38q4wnbj.png Figure 3.2: Example convex hulls in two and three dimensions https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-and-dynamical-downscaling-of-precipitation-over-slnt0ehrye 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-percentage-of-area-satisfying-the-running-quintile-3p0j60fm.png Fig. 5. Percentage of area satisfying the running quintile criteria in the period 1986–1997 for (a) the analogue method ECMO18AN and (b) direct output ECMO18. The four consecutive bars for each season correspond to the lead times 0, 1, 2 and 3 months. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-percentages-of-the-peninsular-areas-satisfying-the-2r60mfu4.png Fig. 6. Percentages of the peninsular areas satisfying the quintile criteria both for ECMO18 (solid line) and ECMO18AN (dashed line) versus the extension of the dry area for the realizations from (a) May and (b) November. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-bar-diagram-of-area-percentages-for-fma88-for-the-ld1so58h.png Fig. 17. Bar diagram of area percentages for FMA88 for the methods ECMO (18 ensemble members) and RCA (three ensemble members) together with the corresponding analogue versions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-accumulated-precipitation-for-djf-1986-1987-a-gridded-1zte4rq7.png Fig. 8. Accumulated precipitation for DJF 1986/1987. (a) Gridded observations, (b) average of joint ECMWF/UKMO 18-member ensemble prediction, (c) analogue downscaling of ECMWF/UKMO prediction, (d) RCA limited area model prediction (ensemble mean of three-member ensemble), (e) analogue downscaling of RCA prediction, and (f) RCH limited area model prediction (ensemble mean of three-member ensemble). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-economic-values-and-their-envelopes-for-the-wet-event-24wem4tv.png Fig. 15. Economic values and their envelopes for the ‘wet’ event during NDJ of 1986/1987 and 1987/1988 applying the analogue method to the ECMO (18 ensemble members) and the RCA (three ensemble members) models for the south of Spain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-economic-values-for-the-wet-and-dry-events-8i7ykwag.png Fig. 22. Economic values for the wet and dry events corresponding to all lead time seasonal forecasts from the November integrations of years 1986–1989, for ECMO18, RCA3 and RCA3AN. The envelopes of the economic values for the probabilistic forecasts (solid bold line) and the economic value for the deterministic forecasts obtained with the ensemble mean (dashed bold line) are displayed for each case (see also caption for Fig. 14). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-spanish-main-climatological-network-b-pluviometric-9q4xcfw6.png Fig. 1. (a) Spanish main climatological network, (b) pluviometric network and (c) 203-point mesh. (d), (e) 0.2◦ and 0.5◦ grid resolutions of the regional RCA model over the Iberian peninsula. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-bar-diagram-of-area-percentages-for-the-seasons-ndj-p39lchz9.png Fig. 10. Bar diagram of area percentages for the seasons NDJ 1986/1987 (zero-month lead time) to FMA 1987 (three-month lead time) for the integrations started in November 1986 for three different models (and their analogue counterparts). https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-assessment-of-jointly-observed-screening-tests-4soaiyxf8h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observed-joint-frequencies-xijk-of-qs-t1-tsa-t2-and-z8uggswi.png Table 1. Observed joint frequencies xijk of QS (T1), TSA (T2) and Lim broth culture (D) and corresponding screening sensitivities, specificities and predictive values. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-characterization-of-the-forces-on-spheres-in-an-1mmkojdaex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scolor-onlined-interaction-potential-between-a-variety-3p6heout.png FIG. 4. sColor onlined Interaction potential between a variety of spheres and the walls of the container vs distance from the center of the cell scaled by cell radius. The top data set is taken at constant air flow speed, while all others are taken at constantsfull d cell size. The dashed curves represent a harmonic potentialVhsrd /kT =30sr /Rcelld2. The solid curves represent an empirical average of all the data,Vsrd /kT=30sr /Rcelld2/ f1+2sr /Rcelld3g. An arbitrary constant offset was added in order to separate the different data sets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scolor-onlined-the-mean-squared-speed-of-a-rolling-3pxgb2be.png FIG. 1. sColor onlined The mean-squared speed of a rolling https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scolor-onlined-amplitude-go-and-decay-ratego-of-the-3pjyu7yt.png FIG. 3. sColor onlined Amplitude Go and decay ratego of the memory kernel,Gstd=Gogo exps−gotd as a function of air flow speed, for two different spheres as labeled; these quantities are rendered dimensionless by appropriate factors of sphere diameter, gravitational acceleration, and air flow speed according to expectation. The dashed lines represent average values, 0.17 in the top plot and 0.11 in the bottom plot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scolor-onlined-scaling-of-the-characteristics-speeds-2u6erh9z.png FIG. 2. sColor onlined Scaling of the characteristics speeds with the sphere diameterD for several different spheres as labeled. The mean-squared speedkv2l of the sphere is proportional to the cube of the air speed,u3; therefore, the ratio of these quantities is a characteristic speed that reflects both the sphere density and the dissipation mechanism. The data collapse is best whenu3/ kv2l is multiplied by the square of the density ratio. Then the value and form of the characteristic speed are both consistent withÎgD, indicating that rolling friction is the dominant dissipation mechanism. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-characterization-of-rician-multipath-effects-in-305oqm1chc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-rf-spectra-of-mobile-to-mobile-radio-channel-with-1qupyvrs.png Figure 2.2 RF Spectra of mobile-to-mobile radio channel with equal transmitter and receiver velocities. (a) Reflections solely at either receiver or transmitter. (b) Reflections at both receiver and transmitter (c) summation of (a) and (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-mobile-to-mobile-propagation-channel-with-2wc0uaaw.png Figure 2.1 Mobile-to-Mobile propagation channel with scatters near both antennas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-average-fade-duration-vs-fade-margin-for-various-tjrcxqoc.png Figure 2.4 Average Fade Duration vs. Fade Margin for various K factors. Equal transmitter and receiver velocities. Equal Rician K factors KR and KT. Maximum Doppler shift for both antennas, fM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-normalized-level-crossing-rate-vs-fade-margin-for-3mqthkmh.png Figure 2.3 Normalized Level Crossing Rate vs. Fade Margin for various Rician K factors. Equal transmitter and receiver velocities. Equal Rician K factors KR and KT. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-disclosure-control-in-tabular-data-1ksa139qsj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-general-twodimensional-table-a11-a1c-a1-c-1-lngew5lk.png Fig. 5 General twodimensional table. a11 . . . a1c a1(c+1) . . . . . . . . . . . . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-original-and-recoded-table-after-aggregation-of-1bplkb59.png Fig. 9 Original and recoded table after aggregation of professionsP2 andP3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-for-table-industrycodex-size-var2-from-1aa4ozbj.png Table 1 Results for table “IndustryCode× Size→ Var2”, from microdata file ofτ-Argus distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-original-and-rounded-table-using-a-base-number-r-5-2vojy6zh.png Fig. 11 Original and rounded table using a base number r = 5. Original table P1 P2 P3 TOTAL M1 20 24 28 72 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-network-representing-constraints-1-3l372x55.png Fig. 6 Network representing constraints (1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-original-table-with-primary-cell-in-boldface-and-85gz7xun.png Fig. 10 Original table with primary cell in boldface, and protected table after suppression of three secondary cells. Original table P1 P2 P3 TOTAL M1 20 24 28 72 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hierarchical-table-made-of-three-subtables-region-x-3oc20ssi.png Fig. 4 Hierarchical table made of three subtables: “region” × “profession”, “municipality” × “profession” and “zip code”× “profession” C1 C2 C3 R1 5 6 11 R2 10 15 25 R3 15 21 36 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-original-table-with-sensitive-cell-in-boldface-of-1r5dxm39.png Fig. 12 Original table with sensitive cell in boldface, of lower and upper protection levels equal to five. Protected tables with “lower protection sense” and “upper protection sense” (i.e., value of sensitive is respectively reduced and increased by five units). https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-comparison-of-passenger-trip-delay-and-flight-4rkmqlvr4e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-statistics-for-distribution-of-flight-1dm2fwnk.png Table 2: Comparison of Statistics for distribution of Flight Delays across all https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-histograms-of-average-worst-case-magnitude-of-1dqef5o6.png Figure 4: Histograms of Average Worst-Case Magnitude of Flight Delays and Average Worst-Case Magnitude of Passenger Trip Delays https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-histograms-of-average-magnitude-of-flight-delays-25vohjtc.png Figure 3: Histograms of Average Magnitude of Flight Delays and Average Magnitude of Passenger Trip Delays https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plots-of-reliability-of-routes-between-washington-d-10fwl9gq.png Figure 5: Plots of Reliability of Routes Between Washington D.C. and Chicago. Delays are in minutes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-example-of-using-15-potp-for-purchasing-airline-1ufbr1va.png Table 3: Example of Using 15-POTP for Purchasing Airline Tickets. Delays are in minutes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-statistics-for-flight-delays-and-passenger-2m6w0hti.png Table 1: Sample statistics for Flight Delays and Passenger Trip Delays Statistics. Delays are in minutes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-histograms-of-flight-percentage-of-on-time-and-2vjaxj7y.png Figure 2: Histograms of Flight Percentage of On-Time and Passenger Percentage of On-Time (15-OTP v.s. 15-POTP) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-31pa3z5n.png Figure 1: https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-discrimination-productivity-and-the-height-of-54l94y57j4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-nonlinear-estimates-of-the-returns-to-height-ditw2ywj.png Table 4: Nonlinear Estimates of the Returns to Height https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-returns-to-height-by-the-physical-demands-of-the-a45n3d1n.png Table 3: Returns to Height by the Physical Demands of the Occupation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-baseline-returns-to-height-for-natives-and-1hwyn8wm.png Table 2: Baseline Returns to Height for Natives and Immigrants https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-comparison-of-pre-and-post-immigration-wages-of-nis-3qqpp02w.png Table 10: Comparison of Pre- and Post-Immigration Wages of NIS Immigrants https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-information-quality-and-the-returns-to-height-and-2khae6be.png Table 9: Information Quality and the Returns to Height and Education of Immigrants https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-3s3ci4y4.png Table 1: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-relationship-between-height-health-and-cognition-ad7i02o2.png Table 7: Relationship between Height, Health and Cognition https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-returns-to-height-by-the-cognitive-requirements-of-28o8p4iu.png Table 8: Returns to Height by the Cognitive Requirements of the Occupation https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-inference-and-data-mining-false-discoveries-3wbq2h45o9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-consequent-of-interesting-rules-1u8bix3o.png Table 2. Consequent of interesting rules https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-synthesis-of-the-results-of-m-tests-2kjar4mw.png Table 1. Synthesis of the results of m tests https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-dependence-through-common-risk-factors-with-3lzqbnudz5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-for-modeling-the-uncertainty-in-activity-2ee71ag1.png Table 2. Parameters for modeling the uncertainty in activity durations for the project network in Figure 1, Relative Contribution of ECO's ( andA ÑIGS Crane Unavailability ( to aggregate Risk and average reductionA Ñ ]-<+8/ in range given the state of the common risk factors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-ahp-question-in-the-context-of-the-example-1mcy66lz.png Figure 3. Example AHP Question in the Context of the Example in Section 5 for Eliciting Trade Off Weights between Risk Factors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relationship-between-average-explanation-diagonal-24ra6bho.png Figure 5. Relationship between Average % Explanation, Diagonal Band parameter ) and rank correlation between risk factor and marginal distribution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-db-copula-seen-from-above-1t62922c.png Figure 4. A: DB Copula seen from above https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-and-standard-deviation-of-the-project-3w0o9er1.png Table 1. Mean and Standard Deviation of the Project Completion Time Distribution using Triangular Beta and TSP under Independenceß Ð8 œ &Ñ and Triangular distributions under Dependence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-project-network-for-production-process-c-34s69b3n.png Figure 1. Example Project Network for Production Process.c https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-distributions-of-minimal-completion-1ayp4jr5.png Figure 7. Comparison of Distributions of Minimal Completion Time for the project in Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-model-for-statistical-dependence-between-random-11xyjcte.png Figure 2. A Model for Statistical Dependence between Random Variables due to Common Risk Factors https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-features-of-magnetic-noise-in-mixed-type-impact-3q4d5ern46 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-force-f-and-voltage-v-signal-of-magnetic-emission-2oqscv1r.png FIG. 1. Force F and voltage V signal of magnetic emission measured during the impact fracture of a V-notched JRQ RPV specimen. The overall ductile propagation of the crack is interrupted by a short brittle period indicated by the sudden force drop accompanied by an intensive generation of high voltage pulses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-probability-distributions-of-the-height-h-a-duration-3lmrke88.png FIG. 3. Probability distributions of the height H (a), duration dt (b), area A (c), and energy E (d) of voltage peaks. Power law functional form is evidenced in all cases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-identification-of-peaks-and-the-definition-of-peak-rb3vpopk.png FIG. 2. Identification of peaks and the definition of peak quantities such as height H, duration dt, and area A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-correlation-of-peak-quantities-average-height-hhi-a-3icg7mua.png FIG. 4. Correlation of peak quantities. Average height hHi (a) and average area hAi (b) of peaks as a function of the peak duration dt. Power law dependence is obtained with a crossover between two regimes of different exponents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-temporal-profile-of-pulses-rescaled-with-n-dt-2f343tkr.png FIG. 5. Average temporal profile of pulses rescaled with N(dt) varying the duration dt/Dt in a broad range from 10 to 270. The continuous line represents best fit with Eq. (9). https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-lifetime-analysis-of-memristive-crossbar-matrix-4m3di0acxu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-average-lifetime-per-shift-in-mxm-structures-3ovu6h60.png Table I. Average lifetime per shift in mxm structures. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-inferences-for-price-staleness-4q3ek05bxg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-kernel-smooth-density-estimates-of-the-daily-test-2xlxt24v.png Figure 8: Kernel smooth density estimates of the daily test statistics of Ψn,m computed pooling across the 10 selected stocks and the 2246 trading days. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-we-give-an-example-of-a-stale-stock-price-where-30jwnxao.png Figure 1: We give an example of a stale stock price where zero returns are signaled by a red cross. The probability of observing a zero return either follows a semimartingale dynamic (left panel) or it is equal to a constant (right panel). In both cases, the number of zeros is the same. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-right-panel-local-idle-time-estimates-for-days-25g76iol.png Figure 9: (Right panel). Local idle time estimates for days corresponding to the lowest (black line) and the highest (blue line with empty circles) volatility of (pt)t≥0 for XOM. (Left panel). Average, of the intraday local idle time estimates for XOM computed over the whole sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scatter-plot-of-the-asymptotic-variance-of-idle-115onmum.png Figure 4: Scatter plot of the asymptotic variance of idle time, that is, 1∫ 0 ps(1−ps) ds and its estimated values based on multi-idle time (left panel) and local idle time (right panel) with kn = 13. The black line represents the true value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-root-mean-squared-error-rmse-of-itn-mit-2-n-red-210mztx8.png Figure 5: Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of ITn − MIT(2)n (red star) and of U ′′ (∆n, f) n (black line with circles) in estimating 1∫ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-histogram-of-the-relative-bias-of-the-estimator-nn-3r8pmgrx.png Figure 6: Histogram of the relative bias of the estimator ˆ̄νn defined in equation (15) in estimating the integrated volatility ∫ 1 0 ν 2 s ds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-this-plot-reports-5-rejection-rates-of-the-test-27yizzjb.png Figure 3: This plot reports 5% rejection rates of the test based on the asymptotic limit of the random variable Ψn,m defined in equation (13). We set n = 780 (which corresponds to sampling prices every 30 seconds, assuming a day of 6.5 hours), and we use m as an independent variable. The blue line with circles and the red dotted line correspond, respectively, to the rejection rates under the null Ω0 (i.e., the size of the test) and the alternative Ω1 (i.e., the power of the test). Prices are rounded at one cent. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-table-reports-ols-estimates-of-the-coefficients-of-1ho9s77q.png Table 1: Table reports OLS estimates of the coefficients of the linear regression in equation (21) along with the correspondent standard errors (between brackets) and the adjusted coefficients of determination (R2). Coefficients which result to be significant at 10%, 5% and 1% confidence levels are marked, respectively, with one, two and three stars. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-leakage-and-timing-optimization-for-submicron-dwk7ktjjdw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-basic-ilp-for-statistical-dual-vth-assignment-3qdxg9dv.png Figure 3. Basic ILP for statistical dual-Vth assignment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-power-delay-curves-of-deterministic-and-statistical-hsliu8jl.png Figure 5. Power-delay curves of deterministic and statistical approaches for C432. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-basic-idea-of-using-ilp-to-optimize-leakage-2kfeb44y.png Figure 1. Basic idea of using ILP to optimize leakage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-detailed-deterministic-ilp-formulation-for-leakage-4qal4l29.png Figure 2. Detailed deterministic ILP formulation for leakage minimization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-detailed-formulation-of-statistical-dual-vth-vll83ypb.png Figure 4. Detailed formulation of statistical dual-Vth assignment ILP. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-leakage-estimation-in-32nm-cmos-considering-4kv6xbvini 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-for-second-approach-and-correlation-1cwi8ga2.png Figure 3. Schematic for Second Approach and correlation matrix using MC on single independent cells https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-for-first-approach-and-correlation-matrix-3sic5i6e.png Figure 2. Schematic for First Approach and correlation matrix using MC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4b-schematic-for-second-approach-for-correlation-ygksgzse.png Figure 4b. Schematic for Second Approach for correlation matrix for Schematic A: Circuit with 10 gates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4a-schematic-a-circuit-with-10-gates-v383tlfp.png Figure 4b. Schematic for Second Approach for correlation matrix for Schematic A: Circuit with 10 gates https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-content-of-look-up-table-for-pre-characterized-cell-1ce5q0l1.png Table 1. Content of Look Up table for Pre Characterized Cell https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-mechanics-of-ecological-systems-neutral-theory-2buyj631kg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-77-1uz1sbcz.png Figures 77 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-from-azaele-et-al-2015-visual-scheme-of-two-important-2zukuiss.png FIG. 1 [From (Azaele et al., 2015)]. Visual Scheme of two important macro ecological patterns (see BOX 1): RSA and SAR. The functional shape of the RSA depends on the spatial scale considered, while the SAR generally displays a tri-phasic behavior (see Section IV). There is a growing appreciation that the various descriptors of biodiversity are intrinsically inter-related, and substantial efforts have been devoted to understand the links between them (Azaele et al., 2015). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-modified-from-suweis-et-al-2012a-comparison-between-1vn17v95.png FIG. 6 [Modified from (Suweis et al., 2012a)]. Comparison between persistence empirical distributions for (a) North American Breeding birds, (b) Kansas grasslands, (c) New Jersey BSS forest, (d) an estuarine fish community and the corresponding theoretical species persistence times pdfs. The circles and solid lines show the observational distributions and fit, respectively. The finiteness of the time window ∆Tw imposes a cut-off in the maximum observable persistence time and thus, only lifetimes where τ < ∆Tw have been considered and the theoretical predictions have been adjusted appropriately (appendix B). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-tri-phasic-shape-of-the-species-area-relationship-the-3inyr4wb.png FIG. 7 Tri-phasic shape of the Species-Area relationship. The left panel shows the three behaviors on different scales. At a local scale the relationship is linear, becoming a power-law relationship at the regional scale and returning to linear at very large intercontinetal scales. The right panel shows empirical data of species diversity at the regional scale (from BCI forest) (Azaele et al., 2015). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-from-azaele-et-al-2006-std-for-the-interval-1990-95-in-10v7lvfo.png FIG. 4 [From (Azaele et al., 2006)]. STD for the interval 1990-95 in the BCI forest. The main panel shows the results for individuals of more than 10 cm d.b.h., and the inset the results for individuals of more than 1 cm d.b.h. (Center for Tropical Forest Science website). The black line represents the analytical solution given by Eq. (46). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-from-suweis-et-al-2012b-schematic-representation-of-38aagpy4.png FIG. 5 [From (Suweis et al., 2012b)]. Schematic representation of persistence time (or lifetime) of a species τ and survival times τs, defined as the time to local extinction of a species randomly sampled among the observed assemblages at a certain time T. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-different-neutral-models-of-community-ecology-in-all-2ognnevp.png FIG. 3 Different neutral models of community ecology. In all these models, ni represents the abundance of the species i in the community, and JL and JM the total abundance in the local and meta-communities, respectively. (A) Hubbell’s zero − sum neutral model (Hubbell, 2001). In the local community, each death is immediately followed by a birth or an immigration event. Speciation (or, equivalently, immigration) enables diversity to be maintained in the meta-community. (B) Local community with immigrants from a meta-community (Vallade and Houchmandzadeh, 2003). The local community now interacts with the meta-community through a migration process (m). (C) Coalescent-type approach (Etienne and Olff, 2004b), where community members are traced back to the ancestors that once immigrated into the community (D) Joint RSA of many local communities (Volkov et al., 2007). The whole meta-community RSA distribution is built by considering the joint RSA distributions of multiple local communities https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-models-for-high-frequency-security-prices-wzolam25n6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-simulated-intensity-process-without-deterministic-38zze9us.png Figure 8: Simulated intensity process (without deterministic component) based on the “double OU” process as defined by expressions (13) and (14). The left panel plots the intensity process at high frequency (solid line) for 2 periods together with its associated long run mean component (dashed line). The right panel plots the average intensity process at lower frequency for the full simulated sample of 504 periods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-variance-increase-as-a-function-of-r-left-panel-207hdfl8.png Figure 3: Variance increase as a function of ρ (left panel) kurtosis as a function of ρ (right panel). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-covariance-bias-term-1z5llbp8.png Figure 9: Covariance Bias Term https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-time-series-of-250-simulated-mid-prices-left-23flaa90.png Figure 2: A time series of 250 simulated mid-prices (left panel) and transaction prices (right panel). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-covariance-bias-term-cbs-and-bbs-left-panel-and-ze0mvgx9.png Figure 10: Covariance Bias term (CBS and BBS, left panel) and Mean Squared Error (CMSE and BMSE, right panel) for “Calendar” or “Physical” Clock (solid line) and “Business Clock” (dashed line) sampling schemes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-correlogram-of-minute-by-minute-absolute-returns-36y8ws2z.png Figure 7: Correlogram of minute by minute absolute returns for the FTSE-100 index (left, period 1990-2000) and for simulated minute by minute data (right) using a single component compound Poisson process with a deterministic intensity process given by expression (12). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-first-order-i-e-k-0-serial-correlation-of-returns-1roxcz3e.png Figure 5: First order (i.e. k = 0) serial correlation of returns at horizons between 1 and 250 seconds (left panel) and between 251 second and 2.5 hours (right panel). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-minute-by-minute-ftse-100-index-data-left-panel-for-18l8hrvw.png Figure 6: Minute by minute FTSE-100 index data (left panel) for June 2, 1998. Simulated minute by minute data (right panel) using the 2-Component Compound Poisson process with MA(1) innovations. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-mechanics-of-tuned-cell-signalling-sensitive-1yj3k7cgwe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-reactions-involved-in-the-the-biochemical-20gvi9dj.png Table 1. List of reactions involved in the the biochemical network. All reactions (indexed by j) are listed along with their corresponding propensities (aj , bj), and how they affect the state of the system X (vj , µj). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-reactions-involved-in-the-the-biochemical-1zgqe32i.png Table 2. List of reactions involved in the the biochemical network. Reaction stochiometries and propensities are presented in the context of the transformed system, X ′ (see main text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-increasing-the-sensitivity-of-a-synthetic-bio-38h0qoc0.png Figure 1. Increasing the sensitivity of a synthetic bio-sensing network. An engineered network responds to an environmental signal h by producing a molecular probe (E). (A) Parameters in the system dictate the sensitivity of the response, i.e. the range of signal values over which the system produces a detectable response. (C) Interactions due to cellular communication (quorum sensing) can be used to increase the sensitivity of the system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-effect-of-intercellular-coupling-on-the-average-3oe33gip.png Figure 5. The effect of intercellular coupling on the average steady-state population response to a stepwise increase in the concentration of the chemical signal. (A) The average steady-state population response is shown as a function of the applied change for different coupling strengths (coloured lines). Results shown are averages over 200 independent runs. (B) The change of the magnitude of the response with respect to the applied change is plotted a function of distance from the critical value. The ’susceptibility’ exhibits highly nonlinear behaviour as the coupling parameter approaches the critical value. The data shown were generated using a 50× 50 lattice with periodic boundary conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-illustration-of-the-proposed-biosensing-4uumbjch.png Figure 2. Schematic illustration of the proposed biosensing network. (A) The network consists of two mutually repressing quorum sensing modules. Each module incorporates a gene coding for an enzyme (E1/2) that produces quorum sensing molecules (A1/2). These small, diffusible molecules bind to receptor proteins and activate the expression of their cognate enzyme while repressing the expression of the non-cognate one. The external signal controls the expression of only on module (e.e., E1). (B) At the single cell level, the network behaves as a toggle switch (C) After suitable coarse-graining, the population can be represented as a spin lattice, with each spin corresponding to the state of each cell. (D) Tuning the coupling between cells results in sensitive population wide responses even to small levels of external stimulation. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-models-for-neural-encoding-decoding-and-optimal-47h9ost9kr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-predictions-of-retinal-ganglion-on-cell-1orf3jw5.png Figure 2: Example predictions of retinal ganglion ON-cell activity using the GL encoding model with and without spike history terms. Conventions are as in Figs. 3 and 4 in [25]; physiological recording details as in [32, 25]. A: Recorded responses to repeated full-field light stimulus (top) of true ON-cell (“RGC”), simulated LNP model (no spike history terms; “LNP”), and GL model including spikehistory terms (“GLM”). Each row corresponds to the response during a single stimulus presentation. Peristimulus rate and variance histograms are shown in panels C and D, respectively. B: Magnified sections of rasters, with rows sorted in order of first spike time within the window in order to show spike timing details. Note that the predictions of the model including spike history terms are in each case more accurate than those of the Poisson (LNP) model. The predictions of the GLM with spike history terms are comparable in accuracy to those of the noisy integrate-and-fire model presented in [25] (PSTH variance accounted for: 91% in each case, compared to 39% for the LNP model; IF data not shown here); predictions of the multiplicative model [3, 18] are significantly less accurate (78% v.a.f.). All data shown here are cross-validated “test” data (that is, the estimated model parameters θ̂ML were in each case computed based on a nonoverlapping “training” data set not shown here). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-gaussian-approximation-and-true-1kf8q5ir.png Figure 4: Comparison of the Gaussian approximation and true posterior. A: Slices through the true posterior P (~x|D) (solid) and Gaussian approximation to the posterior (dotted), centered around the MAP estimate computed with two neural spike trains (Fig. 3a). Slices were taken along the principal axes of the posterior distribution with lowest (left) and highest (right) variance, which correspond to the “best” and “worst” encoded stimulus features (largest and smallest eigenvalues of the Hessian A, respectively). B: Similar plots for the true posterior and Gaussian approximation around the MAP estimate computed with 20 cells (Fig. 3b). Note that the uncertainty (i.e. variance) of the distribution is greatly reduced relative to the 2-cell MAP estimate; the Gaussian approximation is quite accurate in each case. C: Comparison of mutual information lower bounds computed with OLE and MAP versus the information estimated directly from the Gaussian approximation, as a function of stimulus contrast (responses generated from a 20-cell GLM). The lower bounds appear to be tight for low stimulus contrast, but significantly underestimate information at higher contrasts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagrams-of-some-of-the-encoding-models-13dbjch6.png Figure 1: Schematic diagrams of some of the encoding models discussed here. A: the linear-nonlinearPoisson (LNP) model is strictly feedforward, with no spike-history terms. B: Illustration of the connection between the GLM with spike-history terms and the integrate-and-fire cell with a probabilistic (“soft”) threshold. C: GLM incorporating both spike-history and interneuronal coupling terms h(.). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-map-decoding-a-simulated-spike-kdk8v3su.png Figure 3: Illustration of MAP decoding. A: Simulated spike trains from a single pair of simulated ON and OFF retinal ganglion cells (above, gray and block dots) were used to compute the MAP estimate (gray) of a 500-ms Gaussian white noise stimulus (black), sampled at 100 Hz. B: Spike trains from 10 identical, independent ON and OFF cells in response to the same stimulus, with the associated MAP estimate of the stimulus, illustrating convergence to the true stimulus as the responses of more cells are observed. C: Comparison of the optimal linear estimate (OLE) and MAP estimate on simulated data, as a function of the number of observed cells (top) and stimulus contrast (variance; bottom). For each data point, the parameters of the OLE were estimated using a long run of simulated data. “Relative error” denotes the average RMS error between the true and estimated stimulus, averaged over 100 trials, divided by the RMS amplitude of the true stimulus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-closed-loop-vs-open-loop-stimulus-design-b-plot-2av2afpr.png Figure 5: A) Closed-loop vs. open-loop stimulus design. B) Plot of the total running time on a desktop computer for each iteration of the model-based stimulus optimization algorithm, as a function of the dimensionality of the stimulus ~x. A quadratic polynomial (O(dim(~x)2)) fits the data quite well; note that < 15 ms are necessary to optimize a 100-dimensional stimulus. C) Plots of the estimated receptive field for a simulated visual neuron whose responses were generated by a GLM. The neuron’s true receptive field ~θ has the Gabor structure shown in the last panel; the nonlinearity f(.) was assumed known a priori and the spike-history terms were assumed to be zero, for simplicity. Individual panels show ~kMAP after observing t stimulus-response pairs (the prior p(~k) was taken to be Gaussian with mean zero), comparing the accuracy of the estimates using information-maximizing vs. random stimuli (all stimuli were constrained to have unit norm, ||~x||2 = 1 here); the closed-loop approach is an order of magnitude more efficient in this case. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-parametric-mapping-spm-for-alpha-based-3lnrnasw7a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-inter-muscle-dependence-between-the-u3tzyr7d.png Figure 5: Example inter-muscle dependence between the gastrocnemius medialis and the peroneus longus at the time of the greatest vector difference (time=43%). Ellipses depict covariance. The small variance in the ΔEMG direction leads to null hypothesis rejection (see Fig.3), but intra-muscle analysis fails to reject the null hypothesis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-filtered-young-black-dashed-and-adult-blue-ab3xqt6z.png Figure 2. Mean filtered Young (black – dashed) and Adult (blue) gait EMG time-series from Bovi et al. (2011). The shaded standard deviation clouds, although typically assumed to be independent, actually arise from time-dependent inter-muscle covariance (Fig.1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spm-results-hotellings-t2-test-statistic-trajectory-23phyzgx.png Figure 3: SPM results (Hotelling’s T2 test statistic trajectory) depicting Young–Adult differences. The critical threshold (red dashed line) was 213.7. One region of the T2 trajectory (a supra-threshold cluster - shaded) exceeded the critical threshold. SPM therefore finds a significant group difference (p<0.05) but scalar analyses did not. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-vector-field-schematic-depicting-a-mean-two-muscle-35lvu33j.png Figure 1. Vector-field schematic, depicting a mean two-muscle EMG waveform in blue (Young: gastrocnemius medialis & peroneus longus, Fig.2), along with inter-muscle dependence (EMG1-EMG2 covariance) and time-dependence (TIME-EMG smoothness). Here vertical dotted lines depict the magnitude of standard deviations. Projection of EMG1 and EMG2 onto the (EMG1, EMG2) plane results in covariance ellipses, where ellipse orientation indicates the direction of maximum covariance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-post-hoc-two-sample-spm-t-test-results-comparing-16rg7rxr.png Figure 4. Post-hoc two-sample SPM t-test results comparing Young versus Adult groups for individual muscles. No SPM{t} values reached the critical threshold (dashed line) for significance. Post-hoc tests are provided for example only as the null hypothesis tested is completely answered by the independent Hotelling’s T2 test. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistical-results-from-a-two-sample-t-test-d2tfveg0.png Table 1. Statistical results from a two-sample t-test comparing the Young and Adult EMG amplitudes at 35-45% gait cycle for four muscles separately. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-performance-analysis-of-signal-variance-based-2z8q6qc71z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-expected-value-of-the-test-statistict-as-a-function-of-3mohrxjh.png Fig. 5. Expected value of the test statisticT as a function of location. The true source location is at(0; 0) and the labels on the axes represent location relative to (0; 0) measured in mm. The contours are set at 99%, 89%, 79%, etc. of the maximum value. (A)EfT g with SNR = 40, (B) EfT g with SNR = 80, https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-synthetic-data-rms-localization-error-performance-25rdowzi.png TABLE II SYNTHETIC DATA RMS LOCALIZATION ERROR PERFORMANCE https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-the-mean-cluster-location-and-spread-1191k3i9.png TABLE III THE MEAN CLUSTER LOCATION AND SPREAD FORLOCALIZATION ESTIMATES OF EPILEPTIC SPIKE DATA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-probability-of-detecting-a-dipolar-source-at-the-true-v5w6gme7.png Fig. 1. Probability of detecting a dipolar source at the true location as a function of SNR with a probability of false positive ofP = 10 (constant dipole detection test goodness of fit threshold = 0:79). (A) Zero source variance,SNR = SNR = SNR . (B) Modest source variance,SNR = SNR = 2SNR . (C) Maximum source variance, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-probability-thatt-t-as-a-function-of-location-the-true-35rndbgo.png Fig. 6. Probability thatT ( ) > T ( ) as a function of location. The true source location is(0; 0) and the labels on the axes represent location relative to(0; 0) measured in mm. (A) Constant dipole model withSNR = 40. (B) Known dipole orientation model withSNR = 80. (C) Known dipole orientation model https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-practices-of-educational-researchers-an-analysis-2k4nst3lzk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-frequencies-of-information-reported-in-journal-2lg8rzv2.png Table 3. Frequencies of Information Reported in Journal Articles for Between-Subjects Multivariate Designs https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-research-design-and-analysis-for-repeated-measures-2c933dkf.png Table 4. Research Design and Analysis for Repeated Measures Designs https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-methods-of-inferential-analysis-for-repeated-c08c2h40.png Table 5. Methods of Inferential Analysis for Repeated Measures Designs https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-journal-source-and-frequency-for-the-content-13qc3wu6.png Table 1. Journal Source and Frequency for the Content Analyses https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-between-subjects-univariate-design-and-methods-of-y6iakhht.png Table 2. Between-Subjects Univariate Design and Methods of Analysis https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-process-control-for-a-limited-amount-of-data-3iwh0pai62 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mqx-chart-for-the-characteristics-whiteness-density-3rsse47f.png Figure 3: MQX Chart for the characteristics Whiteness, Density and Opacity of the Paint 88. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-qx-charts-for-whiteness-density-and-opacity-of-the-16w55ck9.png Figure 2: QX Charts for Whiteness, Density and Opacity of the Paint 88. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-properties-of-fluctuations-a-method-to-check-gohim7r74r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-h-q-versusq-values-for-wbfa-db-6-and-mfdfa-quadratic-37phbu7y.png Table 1. h(q) versusq values for WBFA (Db-6) and MFDFA (Quadratic) analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-h-q-values-of-bse-sensex-price-index-using-top-panel-1g5ve36i.png Fig. 5. (a) h(q) values of BSE Sensex price index using (Top panel) WBFA (Db-6) and (Bottom panel) MF-DFA (Quadratic) analysis. (b) Log Normal Distribution of BSE sensex index return and Gaussian white noise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-bse-high-price-index-value-in-daily-trading-over-a-1t5neb5e.png Fig. 1. (a) BSE high price index value in daily trading over a period of 2903 days. (b)Logarithmic returns estimated from Eq.6. (c) Shuffled returns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-fourier-power-spectral-analysis-on-bse-price-index-b-2fl3tzpc.png Fig. 6. (a) Fourier power spectral analysis on BSE price index. (b) Continuous wavelet analysis show two dominant periodic modulations at scale 119 and 194.(c) The CWT coefficients at the above scales (119 and 194) as a function of time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-is-the-scalogram-of-the-wavelet-coefficients-36aitl9m.png Fig. 2. (a) is the scalogram of the wavelet coefficients computed from scale 1 to 1024. The x-axis is the time,n and the y-axis is the scales. (b) Periodogram plotted on a semilog scale asPn vs n. One observes a period of approximately 250 trading days. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-wavelet-coefficients-at-scales-8-16-32-64-128-256-and-191w2kmv.png Fig. 3. Wavelet coefficients at scales 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 and 512. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-discrete-wavelet-transform-dwt-of-the-data-through-2etxg3f6.png Fig. 4. (a) Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) of the data through Haar w velet. (b)DWT of the data through Daubechies-4 (Db-4) wavelet. Akin to the CWT case, the fluctuations show self similar behavior. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-properties-of-sgr-1806-20-bursts-38wa40wnwn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-differential-fluence-distributions-of-sgr-1806220-3w3bj39e.png Fig. 2.—Differential fluence distributions of SGR 1806220 bursts as seen by RXTE (diamonds), BATSE (circles) and ICE (squares). The lines are obtained fitting a power-law model with the maximum likelihood technique. The solid lines show the intervals used in the fit, and the dashed lines are the extrapolations of each model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-plot-of-activity-history-of-sgr-1806220-as-seen-with-kdjep50q.png Fig. 1.—Plot of activity history of SGR 1806220 as seen with BATSE. Shaded regions denote the time intervals within which the off-line untriggered burst search was not performed. The filled portions inticate the number of events within each time bin that led to an on-board trigger. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-plot-of-lognormal-mean-waiting-times-till-the-next-1ouem17b.png Fig. 4.—(a) Plot of lognormal mean waiting times till the next burst ( ) vs. mean total counts. No correlation is seen ( , ).1DT r = 20.2 P = 0.70 (b) The plot of lognormal mean elapsed times since the previous burst ( ) vs. mean counts does not show any correlation either ( ,2DT r = 0.4 P = ).0.46 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-histogram-of-the-waiting-times-between-successive-rxte-2ju4bj2r.png Fig. 3.—Histogram of the waiting times between successive RXTE/PCADT bursts from SGR 1806220. The line shows the best-fit lognormal function. The solid portion of the line indicates the data used in the fit. The excess of short intervals above the model is due to the double peaked events as explained in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-properties-of-single-mode-fiber-coupling-of-25ebq54ndg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-the-analytical-pdf-to-end-to-end-as-well-39oct9er.png Fig. 8. Comparison of the analytical PDF to end-to-end as well as Monte Carlo simulations histograms of (a) coupled flux without phase fluctuations (fully compensated turbulent wavefront) and (b) partially corrected coupled flux for the LEO scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-autocovariance-of-the-partially-corrected-coupled-flux-2hqpq9qe.png Fig. 9. Autocovariance of the partially corrected coupled flux given by the analytic approximation as well as the end-to-end and Monte Carlo simulations for the LEO scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-absolute-values-of-the-inverse-of-the-transpose-of-qobcb25l.png Fig. 13. Absolute values of the inverse of the transpose of the conversion matrix, j MT −1j. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-autocovariance-of-the-partially-corrected-coupled-flux-2nofl1ir.png Fig. 5. Autocovariance of the partially corrected coupled flux given by the analytic approximation as well as the end-to-end and Monte Carlo simulations for the GEO scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-the-evolution-against-the-fading-1ywfke2r.png Fig. 6. Comparison of the evolution against the fading threshold of analytic and end-to-end (a) average fade duration and (b) average interfade duration for the GEO scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-the-analytic-and-end-to-end-exceedance-m8z24u6k.png Fig. 7. Comparison of the analytic and end-to-end exceedance distributions of (a) fade duration and (b) interfade duration for a fading threshold corresponding to the average coupled flux attenuation for the GEO scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-characteristic-fade-and-interfade-durations-for-the-20ue4ju3.png Table 4. Characteristic Fade and Interfade Durations for the Three Performance Levels in the LEO Scenario https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristic-fade-and-interfade-durations-for-the-1yy76prn.png Table 3. Characteristic Fade and Interfade Durations for the Three Performance Levels in the GEO Scenario https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-reasoning-in-journalism-education-6nov1qnq1z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-sat-scores-for-college-bound-seniors-2001-1hf2rb7y.png Table 1. Average SAT Scores for College-Bound Seniors, 2001-2005 Combined. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-recalibration-of-gcm-forecasts-over-southern-4f4bkewlet 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cross-validated-simulation-mos-djf-rainfall-3rotka5m.png FIG. 3. Cross-validated simulation-MOS DJF rainfall standardized anomalies (thin line) vs the observed DJF rainfall standardized anomalies (thick line) for each of the seven summer rainfall regions. The correlation between the two time series of each region is in the bottom left-hand corner. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-cross-validated-djf-rainfall-standardized-anomalies-2yo0dymz.png FIG. 8. Cross-validated DJF rainfall standardized anomalies (thin line), using SON SSTs as predictor, vs the observed DJF standardized rainfall anomalies (thick line) for each of the seven summer rainfall regions. The correlation between the two time series of each region is in the bottom left-hand corner. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-correlation-differences-between-the-mos-cross-2exvzlwd.png FIG. 4. Correlation differences between the MOS cross-validated simulations and the GCM-simulated area-averaged DJF rainfall for the seven summer rainfall regions (TRA: Transkei; KZC: KwaZuluNatal; LOW: Lowveld; NEI: northeastern interior; CIN: central interior; WIN: western interior; NWB: northern Namibia/western Botswana). Leftmost correlation differences are associated with differences obtained by considering the most recent years of the 30-yr training period, and those on the right with the complete training period. The sloping lines indicate 90%, 95%, and 99% confidence levels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-cross-validated-hindcast-mos-djf-rainfall-standardized-3ngwfyvo.png FIG. 7. Cross-validated hindcast-MOS DJF rainfall standardized anomalies (thin line) vs the observed rainfall standardized anomalies (thick line) for each of the seven summer rainfall regions. The correlation between the two time series of each region is in the bottom left-hand corner. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-cross-validation-leps-scores-for-three-consecutive-uv2w9psh.png FIG. 11. (a) Cross-validation LEPS scores for three consecutive 9-yr periods within the 30- yr training period, and LEPS scores for the 9-yr retroactive forecast period (dashed line). The horizontal lines indicate 90%, 95%, and 99% confidence levels. (b) Cross-validation correlations for three consecutive 9-yr periods within the 30-yr training period and also for the most recent 27 yr in the training period. Scores are shown for the seven summer rainfall regions (for region definitions, see Fig. 4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-rainfall-regions-used-in-the-study-countries-2s6pxqgl.png FIG. 1. The rainfall regions used in the study. Countries shaded gray are not included. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulation-ensemble-mean-djf-rainfall-standardized-309yqivx.png FIG. 2. Simulation ensemble mean DJF rainfall standardized anomalies (thin line), obtained from first averaging over the grid points located within each of the regions specified in Fig. 1, vs the observed DJF rainfall standardized anomalies (thick line) for each of the seven summer rainfall regions. The correlation between the two time series of each region is in the bottom left-hand corner. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-leps-scores-for-a-the-30-yr-cross-validation-period-168abbh1.png FIG. 10. LEPS scores for (a) the 30-yr cross-validation period (1970/71–1999/2000) and (b) the 9-yr retroactive forecast period (1991/92–1999/2000) for the seven summer rainfall regions (for region definitions, see Fig. 4). The horizontal lines indicate 90%, 95%, and 99% confidence levels. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-study-of-strong-and-extreme-geomagnetic-1o4iesvgw0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pearson-correlation-coefficients-between-the-38a5zqkc.png Figure 5. Pearson correlation coefficients between the strength of the solar cycle and the number of storms per solar cycle as a function of storm maximum(top) and storm “energy” (integral of the geomagnetic index over the storm duration)(bottom). Left panels show the analysis based on the 3 hr AA index covering the time period 1868–2009. Right panels show the analysis based on the 1 hr Kakioka dH index covering the time period 1926–2009. Red curves show the correlation coefficients where the solar cycle strength has been estimated using the maximum monthly sunspot number, and blue curves where the solar cycle strength has been estimated using the mean value of the monthly sunspot numbers. The blue and red dashedlines give the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relative-distribution-of-aa-top-and-kakioka-dh-2ehlgn36.png Figure 6. Relative distribution of AA(top) and Kakioka dH(bottom) storms into different solar cycle phases. The number of storms has been weighted by the duration of each phase (see Table 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-phase-shift-between-the-normalized-issn-2bzei0xj.png Figure 7. Phase shift between the normalized ISSN distribution and the normalized AA(top)and Kakioka dH(bottom) distributions. Error estimates for the phase shifts have been calculated using the block bootstrap techique. Negative (positive) phase shifts indicate the storm occurrence in the declining (asceding) phase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-our-storm-definition-for-a-storm-it-is-required-kynbkfus.png Figure 1. Our storm definition. For a storm it is required that the 3 hr AA index exceeds 100 nT (red dashed line). The storm begins when AA exceeds 50 nT (solid black line) and ends when it decreases below 50 nT (the storm duration is indicated by the green-hatched area in the figure). Same definitions are used for Kakioka dH. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-number-of-storms-in-different-thershold-3a9t43jx.png Table 1 Total Number of Storms in Different Thershold Categories for AA and Kakioka dH (KAK) and Their Distributions to Different Solar Cycle Phases with Standard Errors of the Bootstrapped Distributions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-division-to-different-solar-cycle-1gnz5jnc.png Figure 2. Examples of division to different solar cycle phases used in this study. Black dots give the daily values of the ISSN. Red vertical lines show the times of the AA > 200 nT storms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-list-of-the-10-largest-aa-storms-msezfxy3.png Table 2 A List of the 10 Largest AA Storms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-annual-issnand-the-times-of-the-most-extreme-1ruvbuiv.png Figure 4. Annual ISSNand the times of the most extreme geomagnetic storms, defined here bythe 3 hr AA index exceeding 600 nT(top)and Kakioka dH exceeding 350 nT(bottom). The blue dashed lines in the top panel show the Carrington storm in 1859 and the 2012 July event that missed the Earthbut hit the STEREO-A spacecraft. Numbers in the bottom part of the top panel give the solar cycle number for odd-numbered cycles. AA covers the years 1868–2009 (solar cycles 11–23) and Kakioka dH the years 1926–2009 (solar cycles 16–23). https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-sensor-fusion-of-ultra-wide-band-ranging-and-942pbil93f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-13-rtknavi-data-flow-2ppky0mr.png Figure 2.13. RTKNAVI data flow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-12-rtknavi-main-window-2nnxlurj.png Figure 2.12. RTKNAVI main window. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-uwb-signal-definition-2nawjcgi.png Figure 2.1. UWB signal definition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-8-front-view-of-testing-setup-1mmflg9f.png Figure 3.8. Front view of testing setup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-9-cart-2z7xj8d4.png Figure 3.9. Cart. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-rtk-gps-uwb-fusion-process-flow-as21vmb7.png Figure 3.4. RTK GPS + UWB fusion process flow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-10-a-yuan10-usb-receiver-b-ann-ms-u-blox-active-gps-4zd8tdye.png Figure 2.10. (a) Yuan10 USB receiver (b) ANN-MS u-blox active GPS antenna https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-11-rtklib-gui-aps-on-windows-7-os-1yvz40r0.png Figure 2.11. RTKLIB GUI APs on windows 7 OS. https://scispace.com/papers/statistics-ide-supporting-the-design-of-empirical-1wfo6q44sn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-design-workflow-1d6espgb.png Fig. 1. Experimental design workflow. https://scispace.com/papers/status-and-conservation-of-proboscis-monkeys-nasalis-199mir6122 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-proboscis-monkeys-in-sabah-survey-vmxe77if.png Figure 1. Distribution of proboscis monkeys in Sabah. “Survey” indicates locations of sightings from this study, “Literature and interviews” indicate sightings from https://scispace.com/papers/status-and-ecology-of-sotalia-fluviatilis-in-the-cayos-1aj0pxaxn8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gmzu0ia7.png Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frequency-and-percentage-in-parentheses-of-total-si-26x6semx.png Table 2. Frequency and percentage (in parentheses) of total si^nii%s of Sotalia in https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-frequoicy-and-percentage-in-parentheses-of-1tqkbyl5.png Table 3. Frequoicy and percentage (in parentheses) of activities of Sotalia at time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-t93kfedq.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1mc5l980.png Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3u7pvue8.png Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-ez94ddsw.png Figure I. https://scispace.com/papers/status-effects-public-goods-provision-and-excess-burden-tge5px34h1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-calibrated-parameter-values-312u49hf.png TABLE A.1 Calibrated Parameter Values https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-marginal-excess-burden-and-status-effects-3ttitpcw.png TABLE 2 Marginal Excess Burden and Status Effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-empirical-estimates-of-status-effects-3nx19gh6.png TABLE 1 Empirical Estimates of Status Effects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-preferences-meb-and-g-g-35w8fd2p.png Figure 1: Preferences, MEB, and G∗, G∗∗ https://scispace.com/papers/status-of-electroweak-tests-with-heavy-quarks-1ayutxnnd2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-corrections-to-be-applied-to-the-quark-asymmetries-1n4bi1uv.png Table 2: Corrections to be applied to the quark asymmetries. The corrections are to be understood as A0FB = AFB(91:26GeV) + P i( AFB)i. The term labelled \ ; Z" also contains small corrections from mass e ects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-muon-momentum-p-and-transverse-momentum-pt-spectra-23vxl69f.png Figure 4: Muon momentum (p) and transverse momentum (pt) spectra for data and the Monte Carlo predictions for the di erent sources obtained from L3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-ab-and-ac-measurements-by-sld-9xawhpx3.png Figure 16: Ab and Ac measurements by SLD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-95-c-l-contours-of-the-e-ective-couplings-for-b-1dufh0u2.png Figure 22: 95% c.l. contours of the e ective couplings for b and c quarks compared with the Standard Model predictions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-measurements-of-sin2-e-at-lep-and-sld-1wpe9kys.png Table 11: Measurements of sin2 `e at LEP and SLD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-reconstructed-momentum-versus-invariant-mass-for-2jru7g8y.png Figure 8: Reconstructed momentum versus invariant mass for vertices reconstructed by SLD. The left plot is for hemispheres containing a charm quark and the right plot for those containing a b quark. The line indicates the cut used in the Rc analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-m-k-mass-spectrum-a-and-m-k-m-k-mass-di-erence-3cq8bdmt.png Figure 9: m(K +) mass spectrum (a) and m(K +) m(K + +) mass di erence spectrum (b) from DELPHI. Each plot contains a cut around the peak of the other one. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-standard-model-predictions-for-the-electroweak-q4246lwp.png Table 3: Standard Model predictions for the electroweak observables with quarks for di erent input parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/status-of-the-alice-magnet-system-eofpgx2ozd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-l3-solenoid-magnet-3md8b0qx.png Fig. 1. L3 solenoid magnet. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-l3-cooling-pipe-reinforcement-1doyu3s4.png Fig. 2. L3 cooling pipe reinforcement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-l3-door-plugs-2845rdu4.png Fig. 3. L3 door plugs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-main-characteristics-of-themagnet-1cp0kv77.png TABLE II MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THEMAGNET https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dipole-magnet-assembly-3o1bvn4v.png Fig. 4. Dipole magnet assembly. https://scispace.com/papers/status-of-the-phoenix-electron-cyclotron-charge-breeder-at-4gvlusb3lk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-decay-curves-of-61mn-and-61fe-for-a-measurement-cycle-2yh0uwuc.png FIG. 3: Decay curves of 61Mn and 61Fe for a measurement cycle of 30min with 800ms trapping. The timing of the measurements is given on the diagram above. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-layout-of-the-phoenix-ecr-booster-test-bench-in-isolde-t4hzc0jk.png FIG. 1: Layout of the PHOENIX ECR Booster test bench in ISOLDE hall https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-detection-setup-at-the-end-of-the-phoenix-booster-2wjisagh.png FIG. 2: Detection setup at the end of the PHOENIX Booster beamline. A NE102 scintillator cup surrounds the implantation point for beta counting, and a Germanium detector positioned close to the scintillator provides gamma identification. https://scispace.com/papers/status-of-the-national-ignition-facility-integrated-computer-1zlmfksuil 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-target-positioner-extended-inside-the-target-jnch5dqy.png Figure 3 Target positioner extended inside the target chamber https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-nif-shot-director-oversees-automated-shot-3p5gbbw1.png Figure 1. The NIF Shot Director oversees automated shot operations using ICCS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cryogenic-target-positioner-23bfj82l.png Figure 4. Cryogenic target positioner https://scispace.com/papers/status-of-white-sturgeon-in-the-kootenai-river-2tmfo7yw6b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-records-kept-by-anglers-in-the-kootenai-river-below-1eaxi2g6.png TABLE 3. Records kept by anglers in the Kootenai River, below Kootenai Falls including number caught and kept and the mean and range of total https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spawning-requirements-of-several-sturgeon-species-2mmm6qoj.png TABLE 1. Spawning Requirements of several sturgeon species. (Adopted from White and Cochnauer 1975). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-selected-water-quality-parameters-of-the-st-mary-1s6vxm1r.png TABLE 4. Selected water quality parameters of the St. Mary River upstream and downstream from effuents rom the mine complex prior to (1970 - 74) and following (1976 - 77) effluent recycling https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-permits-issued-percent-returned-number-1lczl8n8.png TABLE 2. Number of permits issued, percent returned, number caught and mean total length of white sturgeon in the Kootenay River upstream https://scispace.com/papers/status-quo-effects-in-fairness-games-reciprocal-responses-to-4xpur1whn2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1a-treatment-155t-69y53yv1.png Figure 1a. Treatment 15,5T https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-player-as-behavior-17v4s1o0.png Table 3. Comparison of Player A’s Behavior https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1b-treatment-1010t-1glto7an.png Figure 1a. Treatment 15,5T https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2zvs7jua.png Table 4. https://scispace.com/papers/status-quo-in-requirements-engineering-a-theory-and-a-global-wheiw0p4o4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-how-do-you-deal-with-changing-requirements-after-the-357yvz8l.png Fig. 8. How do you deal with changing requirements after the initial release? (N = 216) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-which-traces-do-you-explicitly-manage-n-228-zy2oui69.png Fig. 9. Which traces do you explicitly manage? (N = 228) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-guiding-principles-of-napire-13oolv7w.png Table 1. Guiding principles of NaPiRE https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-constructs-and-scope-of-the-theory-f3zsjkub.png Table 2. Main constructs and scope of the theory https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-propositions-about-the-status-quo-in-requirements-150o72vw.png Table 13. Propositions about the status quo in requirements changes before the survey https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-why-do-you-continuously-improve-your-requirements-22e1rial.png Fig. 19. Why do you continuously improve your requirements engineering? (N = 195) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-how-do-you-perform-change-management-in-your-2c68esbk.png Fig. 7. How do you perform change management in your requirements engineering? (N = 215) https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-propositions-about-requirements-changes-and-2vp1be1e.png Table 14. Propositions about requirements changes and explanations after the survey (Q 12, Q 13, Q 14, Q 21) https://scispace.com/papers/status-report-on-the-development-of-micro-scheduling-1aprjbzlzf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-current-outage-control-center-394wk5re.png Figure 1. Typical Current Outage Control Center. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-aocc-functions-vs-available-technologies-16pnn53a.png Table 1. AOCC Functions vs. Available Technologies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-palo-verde-occ-video-wall-2ms41o3d.png Figure 2. Palo Verde OCC Video Wall. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-current-inl-ovalpath-platform-example-1la3nbr4.png Figure 3. Current INL Ovalpath Platform Example. https://scispace.com/papers/status-and-performance-of-the-compact-muon-solenoid-pixel-1h9avbjcs3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-threshold-and-noise-in-e-units-3htyyyxw.png Table 1: Threshold and Noise in e− units. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-s-curve-with-an-exaggerated-turn-on-region-2qkt15yk.png Figure 3: S-Curve with an exaggerated turn-on region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-address-levels-left-sharp-address-25wgzf6v.png Figure 2: Distribution of address levels. (Left) Sharp address level peaks. (Right) Poor address level peaks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pseudorapidity-coverage-of-the-cms-pixel-detector-r9937p9c.png Figure 1: Pseudorapidity coverage of the CMS pixel detector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-threshold-distribution-of-the-bpix-on-the-left-and-2744i8jn.png Figure 4: Threshold distribution of the BPix on the left and FPix on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-noise-distribution-of-the-bpix-on-the-left-and-fpix-2jui1tnr.png Figure 5: Noise distribution of the BPix on the left and FPix on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-distribution-of-the-median-of-x-residuals-in-the-24xx5fm7.png Figure 8: Distribution of the median of x-residuals in the BPix. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-gain-calibration-curve-fitted-to-a-straight-line-3nq6av1z.png Figure 6: Gain calibration curve fitted to a straight line. https://scispace.com/papers/status-trends-and-future-dynamics-of-freshwater-ecosystems-42ws6nyyoj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-of-globally-threatened-amphibian-species-by-26n1iod5.png Figure 3. Number of globally threatened amphibian species by freshwater Ecoregion. Projection: North Asia Lambert Conformal Conic. Source Abell et al. 2008. https://scispace.com/papers/staying-connected-structural-integration-at-the-4edho5kdq3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-light-microscopy-images-of-human-specimens-showing-a-2ccg4ahb.png Fig. 4 Light microscopy images of human specimens showing (a) good attachment at the nucleus pulposus (NP)-cartilage endplate (CEP) and CEP-vertebral endplate (VEP) interfaces from a Pfirrmann grade I specimen and (b) detachment at the NP-CEP (dashed arrows) and CEP-VEP (solid arrows) interfaces from a Pfirrmann grade V specimen https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-overall-structure-at-the-lumbar-spine-annulus-fibrosus-9nm34w83.png Fig. 5 Overall structure at the lumbar spine annulus fibrosus (AF)-vertebra interface in (a) human Pfirrmann grade I and (b) ovine specimen (ER = epiphyseal ring; CEP = cartilage endplate; VEP = vertebral endplate) as viewed by DIC microscopy with a few of the in-plane lamellae highlighted (*) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-standard-light-microscopy-images-illustrating-the-uligckai.png Fig. 3 Standard light microscopy images illustrating the different levels of disruption found within the annulus fibrosus (AF) described as (a) none; (b) minor; (c) moderate and (d) major that were scored from 1 to 4 respectively. Solid arrows show normal lamellae structure whereas dashed arrows highlight areas where the lamellae organisation has been disrupted and connectivity lost https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-dic-microscopy-image-of-annulus-fibrosus-af-fibres-1f98vc34.png Fig. 7 DIC microscopy image of annulus fibrosus (AF) fibres prior to entering the cartilage endplate (CEP) of a Pfirrmann grade I human IVD where a change in the appearance of crimp from wider (solid arrow) to a finer morphology (dotted arrow) was observed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scheme-for-preparation-of-motion-segments-containing-34qwkgsb.png Fig. 2 Scheme for preparation of motion segments containing the anterior annulus fibrosus (AF), nucleus pulposus (NP) or posterior AF https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-pfirrmann-grading-and-degenerative-22s7a9m1.png Table 1. Summary of Pfirrmann grading and degenerative changes observed from MRIs of the motion segments used in this study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-dic-microscopy-images-of-the-nucleus-pulposus-np-g3jmhtlw.png Fig. 10 DIC microscopy images of the nucleus pulposus (NP)-cartilage endplate (CEP) interface in (a) human Pfirrmann Grade I, (b) human Pfirrmann Grade III and (c) ovine specimen [35] with the presence of nodal insertions (*) as described by Wade et al [34], [35] being noted. (d) Illustrates the ‘wave-like’ morphology (solid arrow) of the NP matrix in a human Grade III specimen prior to entering the CEP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-photographs-and-corresponding-x-rays-from-differently-ptazr8lu.png Fig. 1 Photographs and corresponding X-rays from differently graded (according to Pfirrmann Score of MRIs) motion segments used for microscopic analysis in this study https://scispace.com/papers/steady-shear-viscosity-of-semi-dilute-bubbly-suspensions-25vwf6g3g4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dimensionless-apparent-viscosity-s-app-0-of-dilute-2bgcwaew.png Fig. 5. Dimensionless apparent viscosity 𝜂s, app / 𝜂0 of dilute bubbly suspensions versus capillary number Ca for all the volume fractions investigated. The predictions of the various models presented in the introduction are also plotted on the same graphs (see legend) using the same value for the volume fraction, i.e. 𝜙 = 0.018 for (a), 𝜙 = 0.045 for (b), 𝜙 = 0.085 for (c), 𝜙 = 0.125 for (d), and 𝜙 = 0.18 for (e). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dimensionless-apparent-viscosity-s-app-0-of-dilute-2olrhu2y.png Fig. 4. Dimensionless apparent viscosity 𝜂s, app / 𝜂0 of dilute bubbly suspensions versus capillary number Ca for all volume fractions investigated (see legend). The predictions of the Frankel and Acrivos (1970) model are also plotted on the same graph, using the following 𝜙 values: 0.018, 0.045, 0.085, 0.125, 0.18. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dimensionless-apparent-viscosity-s-app-0-of-dilute-3gbjjrv0.png Fig. 3. Dimensionless apparent viscosity 𝜂s, app / 𝜂0 of dilute bubbly suspensions versus capillary number Ca for two volume fractions ( 𝜙 = 0 . 018 ± 20% , 𝜙 = 0 . 045 ± 20% , see legend). Previous data from Rust and Manga [7] for 𝜙 = 0 . 035 are also plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-measurement-cell-and-its-filling-procedure-the-cell-is-3sgu0j55.png Fig. 2. Measurement cell and its filling procedure. The cell is composed of a main part, a lid (that is used during the filling step) and a bottom (used during the measurement). The filling is achieved with the cell in position 1 fixed on a displacement stage allowing a helical deposition of the bubbly liquid in the gap. The pictures show the filling step (4 tubes feed material inside the cell), the measurement step, and the bubbles in the bubbly liquid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-shear-viscosity-as-a-function-of-the-shear-rate-for-2316k2xl.png Fig. 1. Shear viscosity as a function of the shear rate for the PDMS oil used as a suspending fluid in the present study for three different temperatures (see legend). https://scispace.com/papers/steady-and-unsteady-flow-field-measurements-within-a-nasa-22-4ybll5o7l2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-radial-distributions-of-turbulence-integral-length-3bblgamh.png Figure 28. Radial distributions of turbulence integral length scale computed from velocity components measured in the rotor wake at 61.7% speed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-shows-the-22-inch-55-9-cm-diameter-turbofan-model-24sym8n2.png Figure 1 shows the 22−inch (55.9 cm) diameter turbofan model installed in the test section of the NASA Glenn 9 X 15 Foot Wind Tunnel. The flow field measurement portion of the Source Diagnostic Test was conducted using two different inlets installed upstream of the fan. The flight inlet, shown in Figure 1, was installed during the inlet boundary layer testing, while a bellmouth inlet was installed during the hot−wire wake and LDV surveys. The flow field measurement studies were conducted with 22 rotor blades, designated as the R4 design by the manufacturer (General Electric), and 26 outlet guide vanes (OGVs) installed within the model. The OGVs were swept back 30 degrees. Table 1 shows some of the design parameters of the R4 blades. The LDV and hot−wire wake measurements were obtained with the tunnel flow set at approximately 0.05 M. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-average-passage-turbulent-velocities-measured-at-silsw9qz.png Figure 15. Average passage turbulent velocities measured at axial station LDV1 at 100% rotor speed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-average-passage-tangential-turbulent-velocities-34yraxmj.png Figure 16. Average passage tangential turbulent velocities measured at axial station LDV1 at four rotor speeds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-difference-between-average-passage-mean-velocities-36ory9ng.png Figure 11. Difference between average passage mean velocities and circumferentially−averaged velocities measured at axial station LDV1 at 100% rotor speed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-contours-of-tangential-turbulent-velocity-measured-2y2y0hbc.png Figure 22. Contours of tangential turbulent velocity measured during constant axial plane surveys showing the tip flow within the blade passage and downstream of the rotor with the rotor at two speeds, 61.7% (left) and 87.5% (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-overlay-of-mach-1-0-contours-measured-in-the-22-2rryvgq4.png Figure 21. Overlay of Mach = 1.0 contours measured in the 22 blade passages at 87.5 (left plot) and 100% (right plot) corrected speed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-average-passage-relative-mach-number-contours-1e71y9et.png Figure 20. Average passage relative Mach number contours computed from measurements made with the rotor operating at 100% speed. Left plot is data acquired from constant−radius survey at r=10.36". Right plot is data acquired from constant−axial survey made at approximately 25% chord. https://scispace.com/papers/steady-state-inference-in-performance-tests-of-refrigeration-34whh63vgk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-probability-of-no-indication-of-steady-state-30fyyo6l.png Fig. 6. Probability of no indication of steady-state https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-probability-of-indication-of-steady-state-1l2vavsy.png Fig. 7. Probability of indication of steady-state https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ann-integration-rules-xpyhd8p2.png Table 1. ANN Integration Rules https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-confirmation-waiting-time-graph-for-10-anns-37hs5lwu.png Fig. 11. Confirmation waiting time graph for 10 ANNs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-refrigeration-capacity-and-desired-ann-output-3kqstjuf.png Fig. 5. Refrigeration capacity and desired ANN output https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-ann-ensemble-results-2m34rjoi.png Fig. 13. ANN ensemble results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-confirmation-waiting-time-graph-for-25-anns-1o7gleyw.png Fig. 12. Confirmation waiting time graph for 25 ANNs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-correlation-of-true-positive-indications-1yjc3v9v.png Fig. 8. Correlation of true positive indications https://scispace.com/papers/steady-state-analysis-of-flexible-nets-rh76o3i77f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-fn-with-uncertain-initial-marking-uncertain-default-17k3nu1a.png Fig. 2: (a) FN with uncertain initial marking, uncertain default intensity and choice in the process modeled by t2. (b) Steady state bounds of λ̄[t1] for different values of m0[p2]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-steady-state-values-of-the-fn-in-1-c-for-different-1a1xxiko.png TABLE II: Steady state values of the FN in 1(c) for different objective functions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-steady-state-bounds-of-l-t5-in-figure-3-b-c-1mkvp8ya.png Fig. 4: (a) Steady state bounds of λ̄[t5] in Figure 3. (b), (c) Allocation of resources X and Y . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fn-with-shared-resources-x-and-y-regulating-the-speeds-nq5dppnl.png Fig. 3: FN with shared resources X and Y regulating the speeds of transitions t1, t2 and t4. https://scispace.com/papers/stealth-distributed-hash-table-a-robust-and-flexible-super-4zfh0kv2ai 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-percentage-of-misses-under-decreasing-churn-2lxtwinp.png Figure 11: Percentage of misses under decreasing churn https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-percentage-decrease-in-lookup-latency-relative-to-2uq1l2qe.png Figure 6: Percentage decrease in lookup latency relative to Pastry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-percentage-of-misses-under-churn-200agz9m.png Figure 7: Percentage of misses under churn https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-stealth-nodes-addressability-service-nodes-2r5m1c4r.png Figure 16: Stealth nodes addressability: service nodes overhead https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-distribution-of-received-messages-per-node-1403hlfh.png Figure 8: Distribution of received messages per node https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-join-procedure-12jng8sv.png Figure 1: Join Procedure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-average-dht-hops-for-get-message-in-varying-sized-xcqxc4e6.png Figure 14: Average DHT hops for get message in varying sized Pastry and Stealth networks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-average-number-of-messages-generated-per-node-1qtxfuud.png Figure 13: Average number of messages generated per node during a single join https://scispace.com/papers/steady-three-dimensional-gliding-motion-of-an-underwater-3395u67u2u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-simulation-results-for-3d-spiraling-motion-2kxgbu02.png Fig. 3. The simulation results for 3D spiraling motion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mechanical-model-of-the-battery-329bxome.png Fig. 2. Mechanical model of the battery https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mechanical-model-of-the-sia-glider-1wvkbcqn.png Fig. 1. Mechanical model of the SIA glider https://scispace.com/papers/steam-gasification-of-wood-char-and-the-effect-of-hydrogen-247zhy9r6g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-representative-reactivity-definitions-compared-in-pn8jnvrc.png Table 7 Representative reactivity definitions compared in this section. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-reactivity-profiles-for-h2o-experiments-1-beech-2idl4nd9.png Fig. 8 Reactivity profiles for H2O experiments. (1: beech experiments). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-kinetic-constants-for-h2o-h2-gasification-of-birch-1odzqf8d.png Table 5 Kinetic constants for H2O/H2 gasification of birch and beech char. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proximate-and-ultimate-analysis-of-birch-and-beech-3hawhptp.png Table 1 Proximate and ultimate analysis of birch and beech wood. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ash-analysis-of-birch-and-beech-wood-10g74txk.png Table 2 Ash analysis of birch and beech wood (%). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-of-kinetic-parameters-for-h2o-h2-2hm0vq7l.png Table 6 Comparison of kinetic parameters for H2O/H2 gasification. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-calculated-reactivity-values-versus-experimental-snifgoh9.png Fig. 6 Calculated reactivity values versus experimental values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-drawing-of-the-installation-set-up-3oaed2no.png Fig. 1 Schematic drawing of the installation set-up. https://scispace.com/papers/steering-micro-robotic-swarm-by-dynamic-actuating-fields-1l8kvqqkov 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-channels-used-in-our-experimental-tests-2lw7k3eq.png Fig. 8. The channels used in our experimental tests. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-comparisons-of-experiments-and-our-simulation-at-1a9c88hp.png Fig. 7. The comparisons of experiments and our simulation at different time frames. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-optimal-steering-of-distributed-micro-robots-by-our-6loujwx1.png Fig. 1. Optimal steering of distributed micro-robots by our approach in a channel using dynamic magnetic fields. Micro-robots employed in this experiment are aggregated from nano-particles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-schematic-overview-of-our-approach-for-steering-1ty0wtce.png Fig. 3. A schematic overview of our approach for steering multi-robotic swarm by dynamic actuating fields. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-electromagnetic-device-used-in-our-experiments-2zvsy9e4.png Fig. 2. The electromagnetic device used in our experiments consists of a three-axis Helmholtz electromagnetic coils, a microscope, a CCD camera and amplifiers. Dynamic magnetic fields can be generated by this setup, and the direction of field’s actuating is numerically controlled by rotating the coils. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-comparison-of-fields-between-a-imposing-a-common-1rcmu9vb.png Fig. 4. The comparison of fields between (a) imposing a common boundary value on φ(p) and (b) using intrinsic-distance based field values for boundary points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-colormap-of-the-scalar-field-ph-p-for-a-dendritic-2j75njm8.png Fig. 5. Colormap of the scalar field φ(p) for a dendritic channel, where isocurves are also provided to illustrate the trend of φ’s gradients. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-an-illustration-of-the-mean-shifting-process-applied-14q1j6q6.png Fig. 6. An illustration of the mean-shifting process applied on feature vectors (green dots) of all agents to determine the ‘optimal’ steering direction to be generated by the dynamic actuating field. The red crosses represent the mean points computed during iterations. https://scispace.com/papers/steering-a-leader-follower-team-via-linear-consensus-10961br212 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-safe-steering-of-a-group-of-vehicles-1s7veu2h.png Fig. 1. Safe steering of a group of vehicles. https://scispace.com/papers/stellar-and-total-mass-in-early-type-lensing-galaxies-sqqlnjvimv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dark-matter-gradient-u-computed-betweenrin-0-25re-38z99d73.png FIG. 3.— Dark matter gradient∇Υ, computed betweenrin ≃ 0.25re androut ≃ 4.5re. Filled circles correspond to the Chabrier IMF and empty circles to the Salpeter IMF. The error bars correspond roughly to 1σ. This figure may be compared with Fig. 7 of Napolitano et al. (2005). The star symbols are taken from that paper. The curves are 1σ bands for model predictions with different star-formation efficiencies, also adapted from Napolitano et al. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-comparison-of-total-and-stellar-masses-for-our-3gca7ztv.png FIG. 2.— A comparison of total and stellar masses for our sample of gravitational lens early-type galaxies (all measured inside rlens). The upper and lower panels correspond to a Salpeter and a Chabrier IMF, respectively. The solid line representsMtot/Mst and the dashed line follows the expected correlation from the tilt of the fundamental plane for ellipticals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-profiles-of-the-mass-enclosed-as-a-function-of-radius-2l6oqhaz.png FIG. 1.— Profiles of the mass enclosed as a function of radius for two lo-mass (left) and two massive early-type galaxies (right). The solid and empty circles give the total and stellar mass content, respectively. The stellar masses assume a Chabrier IMF but a Salpeter IMF leads to qualitatively the same result. The error bars indicate 90% confidence intervals. The vertical dashed line gives the position ofrlens. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-aperturemass-x1010m-3kojaii4.png TABLE 1 APERTUREMASS (×1010M⊙) https://scispace.com/papers/stellar-populations-across-the-ngc4244-truncated-galactic-4ewf61fush 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-top-incompleteness-corrected-star-count-profiles-of-18pl1akb.png Fig. 2.—Top: Incompleteness-corrected star count profiles of NGC 4244. Profiles are shown for a 70 wide strip along the midplane, and for 35 wide strips offset 50 and 80 above and below the plane, respectively. The different symbols and colors used for the five strips are identified in the inset. Contamination-subtracted star count surface density (S) profiles are presented for the four CMD regions identified in Fig. 1 as marked, where for clarity the AGB, MS, and YMS populations have been offset by 2, 6, and 10, respectively, in . The error bars are 2j Poisson noise uncertainties, with arrowslog (S) indicating that Poisson uncertainty will move the counts below the background level. The 2j upper limits are plotted for bins in which we detect fewer than three stars. For reference we show the equivalent SDSSi-band surface brightnesses on the right axis, which was obtained by lining up the SDSSi-band integrated light profiles with the RGB stellar density profiles.Bottom: SDSS image of NGC 4244 rotated by 42.7 , such that the northeast is to the left. Overlaid are the positions of our ACS fields in gray and the position of the strips used to extract the profiles above, in the same color coding. https://scispace.com/papers/stellar-mass-functions-of-galaxies-at-4-z-7-from-an-irac-azfx21k5xz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-five-panels-track-the-effect-of-the-selections-1qehw9a3.png Figure 2. The five panels track the effect of the selections applied to the sample and of the different configurations adopted for the measurements of photometric redshifts. From top to bottom, the panels refer to (a) the initial sample, obtained after cleaning from brown dwarfs, (b) the initial sample after eliminating AGN candidates; (c) the AGN-cleaned sample after removing those objects with an emission blueward of the Lyman limit; (d) the sample obtained after introducing an old and dusty template for the measurements of photometric redshift and (e) the sample obtained after applying the bayesian luminosity prior in the measurements of the photometric redshifts. In each panel, the filled blue circles correspond to the object properties after applying the corresponding selection, while filled gray circles represent the objects from the progenitor sample, i.e., the sample identified by filled blue circles in the previous panel. The orange curve delimits the stellar-mass complete sample (see Section 3.8). The percentages of objects excluded from the sample because of potential AGNs (18%) or because they show a detection blue-ward of the Lyman limit (8%) or after introducing the dusty template (19%) are relatively small, the percentage of objects excluded from the >z 4 sample when the luminosity prior is introduced in the measurements of photometric redshifts is very high, reaching 83%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-examples-of-stellar-population-parameters-recovered-3vfym434.png Figure 8. Examples of stellar population parameters recovered from SED fitting on the photometric catalog after correction from nebular lines emission. The two rows each refer to a different object. In each panel, the photometry (in the observer frame) adopted for the fitting is represented by the colored squares; gray squares mark the photometry before applying the corrections. The pink curves represent the best-fit templates from FAST without applying any correction for emission line contamination; the violet curves in the remaining panels represent the best-fit template from FAST for each method implemented to correct for emission line contamination. The best-fit template for the no-correction scenario is reported in each panel for comparison (pink curve). The blue curve in the leftmost panel marks the best-fit SED from EAzY. The main physical properties are listed at the top-left corner, together with the 68% confidence level uncertainties (see Figure 3 for further details). Left to right, the panels refer to the cases of original data, photometry corrected from the EW of lines in the best-fit EAzY template, photometry corrected following the procedure in Smit et al. (2014); and excluding from the photometry those bands being potentially contaminated by nebular emission. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-left-panel-example-of-m-mlog-11-object-for-which-eyrah2yp.png Figure 9. Left panel: example of >M Mlog ( * ) 11 object for which the Smit et al. (2014) method for the correction of nebular emission contamination introduces an increase in stellar mass. The colored points correspond to the photometry (in the observer frame) after applying the correction of contamination. The original measurements are shown as filled gray squares. The best-fit FAST solution adopting the original photometry is shown by the pink curve, while the best-fit solution with the corrected photometry is represented by the violet curve. The main stellar population parameters are also reported, with the text color matching the model they refer to. Specifically, top to bottom, they are the photometric redshift (z), the M Mlog ( * ), the log (SFR) in units of Mlog ( yr), the -log (sSFR yr )1 , the log (age yr), and the extinction expressed in magnitudes. Quoted errors refer to the 68% confidence intervals. Right panel: example of <M Mlog ( * ) 10.5 object for which the Smit et al. (2014) method for the correction of nebular emission contamination introduces an increase in stellar mass. Same plotting conventions as for the left panel. The increase in stellar mass is due to a significant increase in either the dust extinction or the age. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-these-plots-show-the-sed-of-the-stellar-mass-3vur25gl.png Figure 14. These plots show the SED of the stellar mass complete sample (one object per row) obtained adopting the most conservative configuration, i.e., with the inclusion of the old and dusty template in the set of templates used for the measurement of photometric redshifts, and with the application of the bayesian luminosity prior in the measurement of photometric redshifts. Each panel refers to different fluxes adopted for the measurement of the stellar population parameters, as explained in Figure 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-comparison-of-the-smf-in-the-three-redshift-bins-3oiv16io.png Figure 17. Comparison of the SMF in the three redshift bins. The top panel refers to photometric redshifts obtained without the bayesian luminosity prior, while the lower panel refers to the case with the bayesian luminosity prior. In each panel, the points refer to the median value of the SMF measurements obtained with all the different configurations adopted to compute the stellar masses (i.e., using the measured flux as well as after applying the correction for nebular emission contamination, as described in Section 3.6. For comparison, the SMF measurements from Muzzin et al. (2013b) for < <z0.5 4 are also plotted. Specifically, the blue shaded region corresponds to the < <z3 4 SMF. No evidence for evolution is found in the SMFs from ~z 6.5 to ~z 3.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-distribution-of-the-number-of-high-redshift-jtfqqz9b.png Figure 18. Distribution of the number of high-redshift galaxies according to their stellar mass in an area equivalent to that of UltraVISTA. The curves represent the expected number of < <z3 6 galaxies observed (solid) and intrinsic (dashed), taken from Davies et al. (2013) rescaled to the actual UltraVISTA area, and are based on Behroozi et al. (2013). The points mark the number of massive galaxies found in this work at < <z4 6 (gray points) and at < <z3 6. The horizontal error bars identify each bin in stellar mass, while the vertical error bars include the effects of poisson statistics and cosmic variance. The number of objects observed in UltraVISTA is consistent with the predicted number counts on the whole stellar mass range. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-examples-of-objects-excluded-from-the-sample-of-z-4-liz7e1qo.png Figure 4. Examples of objects excluded from the sample of >z 4 galaxies because they present an excess in the flux measured in bands blue-ward of the observerframe Lyman limit. The colored squares mark the flux measurements in observer frame with the associated error bars; the blue and pink curves represent the best-fit SED from EAzY and FAST respectively. The main physical properties are listed at the top-left corner (see Figure 3 for further details). The inset reproduces the B-band cutout centered on the object position. The photometry in some of the bands bluer than the Lyman limit present an excess of flux. The presence of emission associated with the object is confirmed by the cutout. Objects like the two shown here were excluded from the sample of >z 4 galaxies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-of-two-agn-candidates-the-measured-2yf02zk4.png Figure 3. Examples of two AGN candidates. The measured photometry in the observer frame is represented by the filled colored squares with s1 error bars (yellow for optical bands, orange for UltraVISTA Y J H, , , and Ks bands, red for IRAC 3.6 to μ8.0 m). The best fitting SED from EAzY and from FAST are shown as the blue and pink curves respectively. The main physical parameters are also listed at the top-left corner. Top to bottom they are: the photometric redshift (z), the M Mlog ( * ), the -log (sSFR yr )1 , and the extinction expressed in magnitudes. The inset shows a cutout of the object in the HST ACS F814W band and UltraVISTA Ks for the object on the left and right respectively. The HST ACS F814W cutout shows a point-source morphology. Objects like the two presented here were excluded from the sample. https://scispace.com/papers/stellar-clustering-shapes-the-architectures-of-planetary-1laeoxygsc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spatial-and-kinematic-distributions-of-stars-within-zv42xzqh.png Figure 1: Spatial and kinematic distributions of stars within 40 pc of two exoplanet host stars. The examples shown are HD 175541 (low phase space density; left column) and WASP-12 (phase space overdensity; right column). a–b, Histograms of the distribution of phase space densities (shaded area), with the best-fitting double-lognormal decomposition (black lines) and the relative phase space density of the host star (vertical grey line). Keys indicate the probability that the distribution follows a single lognormal function (Pnull) and that the host star is associated with the overdensity (Phigh). c–f, Projected spatial and kinematic distribution of stars in galactocentric coordinates. Data points are coloured by relative phase space density. The black line on the colour bar marks the host, and the white line indicates where Phigh = Plow = 0.5. Stars with Phigh < 0.5 are shown as transparent points. The host is indicated with a star. Red ellipses indicate typical (1σ) astrometric errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-normalised-cumulative-distribution-functions-of-1ianovpb.png Figure 3: Normalised cumulative distribution functions of planet and host star properties, split by ambient stellar phase space density. Blue and red lines show low and high phase space densities, respectively. a-f, Exoplanet properties. g-j, Stellar host properties. The opaque lines show the observed distributions for the planets and host star properties. The faint lines represent 100 Monte-Carlo control experiments, constructed by drawing a star at random from within 40 pc of each exoplanet host and using the phase space density of that star instead. Keys show the logarithm of p-values obtained from a two-tailed Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for the exoplanet hosts (black) and for the median of all control experiments (grey; including 16th–84th percentile uncertainties). Differences between the low- and high-density samples are highly statistically significant for the orbital semi-major axis (a; pKS = 6.8×10−5) and period (b; pKS = 4.8×10−5), moderately significant for orbital eccentricity (c; pKS = 1.2×10−3), and marginally significant for planet mass (d; pKS = 1.1 × 10−2). These do not result from differences in host stellar mass (g), metallicity (h), age (i), or distance (j and control experiments in a–f). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distributions-of-exoplanet-semi-major-axes-and-2d4otryg.png Figure 2: Distributions of exoplanet semi-major axes and masses split by ambient stellar phase space density. a, Low phase space densities (Plow > 0.84). b, High phase space densities (Phigh > 0.84). Data points with grey error bars (indicating 1σ uncertainties) show individual planets and contours show a two-dimensional Gaussian kernel density estimate. The dashed black lines in a follow Mp ∝ a1.5p and illustrate the 1σ scatter around an orthogonal distance regression to all planets orbiting field stars that are not ‘hot Jupiters’ (massive, close-in planets). Hot Jupiters fall outside of this range and are mostly found in overdensities (b), suggesting that their extreme orbits originate from environmental perturbations. For reference, b includes the Solar System (Phigh = 0.89) planets within ap < 10 au. https://scispace.com/papers/stellar-populations-in-the-outer-halo-of-the-massive-36mnhqdgtz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simple-stellar-population-models-from-bruzual-1chuilgm.png Figure 3. Simple stellar population models from Bruzual & Charlot (2003). From top to bottom, the curves show models with ages 10, 8, 6, 4, and 2 Gyr. The horizontal dashed lines show the color of the two outermost points in our profile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-surface-brightness-profile-of-m49-right-color-2ij33ygd.png Figure 2. Left: Surface brightness profile of M49. Right: Color profile. Black points represent azimuthally-average profiles; triangles are measurements made from the mosaic at native 1.45′′ resolution, while hexagons show the profiles computed after re-binning to 13′′ resolution. Errorbars represent the effect of background uncertainty on the profiles, and are only larger than the point size in the outermost points in the color profile. In both panels, red points denote measurements made along an angular wedge containing the NW Shell. https://scispace.com/papers/stellar-masses-from-the-candels-survey-the-goods-south-and-1vgwpylj3x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-distribution-of-the-352-unique-secure-q-1-3-4-2dm7t419.png Figure 11. Distribution of the 352 unique, secure (Q = −1, 3, 4) redshifts included in the Magellan/IMACS redshift catalog. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ratio-between-masses-estimated-without-m-and-with-35yfe4wd.png Figure 5. Ratio between masses estimated without (M∗) and with (MNEB∗ ) nebular emission as a function of the ratio between ages as inferred from the fit with (ageNEB) and without (age) nebular emission, for the GOODS-S field and using the estimates from Methods 6aτ and 6aNEBτ . Symbols are color-coded according to the ratio of their SFRs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-b-rc-vs-rc-i-color-color-distribution-for-all-1xrawsjw.png Figure 10. B − Rc vs. Rc − I color–color distribution for all sources with Rc < 23.5 in the Subaru imaging catalogs of Furusawa et al. (2008). The cyan and red points correspond to those objects with spectroscopic redshifts in the ranges z < 0.7 and 0.7 < z < 1.4, respectively. The solid black lines show the color cuts employed to prioritize target selection (see Equation (A3)). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-assumptions-adopted-to-compute-the-3hpg51o1.png Table 1 Summary of the Assumptions Adopted to Compute the Stellar Masses in CANDELS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-normalized-distribution-of-the-ratio-between-masses-1p6sxmi3.png Figure 4. Normalized distribution of the ratio between masses estimated without (M∗) and with (MNEB∗ ) nebular emission in the entire sample (shaded histogram) and in the 2.1 < z < 2.4 (green histogram), 3.2 < z < 3.6 (blue) and 5.5 < z < 6.5 (red) redshift ranges, for the GOODS-S sample and using the estimates from Methods 6aτ and 6aNEBτ . The numbers in the upper left corner show the number of galaxies in each sample, with the same color-code. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ratio-between-masses-estimated-without-m-and-with-offpxp4q.png Figure 3. Ratio between masses estimated without (M∗) and with (MNEB∗ ) nebular emission as a function of M∗ (left panel), redshift (central panel), and age as inferred from the fit including nebular contribution (ageNEB, right panel) for the GOODS-S field, using the estimates from Methods 6aτ and 6aNEBτ . Colors and line styles are as in Figure 2. Vertical dotted lines enclose three redshift ranges where strong nebular lines enter the near-IR filters, producing an overestimate of the stellar mass should they be ignored. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-filter-curves-over-which-rest-frame-magnitudes-2zrc52m5.png Figure 12. Filter curves over which rest-frame magnitudes have been computed following Methods 6aτ , 6aNEBτ , 6adelτ and 6ainvτ . Filter curves are available as ascii files in the electronic version of the Journal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ratio-between-the-relative-uncertainty-caused-by-2m2yhp01.png Figure 8. Ratio between the relative uncertainty caused by model degeneracy and scatter in the photometric redshifts (δM,z) and that due to the adoption of different assumptions in the SED fitting (δM,CANDELS), as a function of the reference median mass (left panels) and redshift (right panels). Upper and lower panels show the GOODS-S and UDS samples, respectively. Colors and line styles are as in Figure 2. The black horizontal line shows the locus where the two uncertainties are comparable. https://scispace.com/papers/stellar-populations-in-three-outer-fields-of-the-lmc-5a7tej6rg2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-edistribution-of-stars-across-the-upper-main-sequence-1zqhztwu.png FIG. 5.ÈDistribution of stars across the upper main sequence. In the left column, Ðeld 1 (solid histograms) is compared with Ðeld 2 (dotted histograms) ; in the right column, Ðeld 1 (solid histograms) is compared with Ðeld 3 (dash-dotted histograms). At these magnitudes, photometry errors in the three Ðelds are much smaller than the bin size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-ecomparison-of-the-observed-lower-main-sequence-1uohzuda.png FIG. 11.ÈComparison of the observed lower main-sequence distribution (solid histograms) with two model distributions. A metal-poor component (Z\ 0.0004) is needed to match the observed color distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1pwi77cv.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-eimage-of-the-lmc-showing-the-approximate-positions-of-3ue8357s.png FIG. 1.ÈImage of the LMC showing the approximate positions of the three HST Ðelds. Field 1 is o† the image by roughly the length of the arrow in the direction indicated. North is up, east is to the left. Taken from Sandage (1961). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ethe-three-observed-luminosity-functions-field-3-has-15tws87j.png FIG. 6.ÈThe three observed luminosity functions. Field 3 has been normalized arbitrarily. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-echemical-evolution-of-the-lmc-predicted-by-the-2mbjqb49.png FIG. 10.ÈChemical evolution of the LMC predicted by the closed-box model for two star formation histories. The model assumes a present-day ratio of gas mass to total mass of 0.2 and an average e†ective yield of p \ 0.005. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-el-eft-observed-cmd-for-the-combined-delds-right-1eiph008.png FIG. 9.ÈL eft, observed CMD for the combined Ðelds ; right, simulated CMD resulting from our preferred star formation history (model e, Holtzman et al.). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ecolor-magnitude-diagrams-for-delds-1-2-and-3-1-p-o4ll7jj7.png FIG. 2.ÈColor magnitude diagrams for Ðelds 1, 2, and 3 ; 1 p error bars are shown, as determined by the aperture photometry routine. The vertical solid line is the boundary between main-sequence and evolved stars used to determine the R-ratios. Horizontal lines at and 1.5 denote the faint magnitudeM V \ 3 https://scispace.com/papers/stellar-properties-of-z-8-galaxies-in-the-reionization-5ec1hh9byx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-z8-galaxy-candidates-and-selected-photometry-16akrizn.png Table 1 z8 Galaxy Candidates and Selected Photometry https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-photometric-redshift-and-stellar-1qxhp79q.png Table 2 Results of Photometric Redshift and Stellar Population Modeling https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-image-stamps-for-each-candidate-12x12-of-two-acs-3sf2v261.png Figure 1. Image stamps for each candidate, 12″×12″, of two ACS bands (F435W and F814W), two WFC3 bands (F125W and F160W), Spitzer/IRAC Ch1 ([3.6]) and Ch2 ([4.5]). The Spitzer cutouts are neighbor-subtracted images (NSI), i.e., everything in the field is subtracted except the high-z source. Red lines mark the location of the source. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distributions-of-stellar-properties-for-a1763-1434-11rn4ifp.png Figure 3. Distributions of stellar properties for A1763-1434 (top) and SPT0615-JD (bottom) explored by Monte Carlo simulation described in Section 4.3. From left to right, each panel shows stellar mass, star formation rate, specific star formation rate (SFR/Mstellar), age, and time since the Big Bang until the onset of star formation. High-redshift solutions are shown in turquoise and all solutions, including low-redshift ones, are shown in purple outline. There is no significant distinction between the two as the probability for low redshift is small. The redshifts explored by the MC simulation reflect the shapes of respective PDFs for each object in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-best-fit-seds-for-a1763-1434-and-spt0615-jd-fit-to-3kbfudqr.png Figure 2. Best-fit SEDs for A1763-1434 and SPT0615-JD, fit to BC03 templates assuming a constant star formation history, 0.02 Ze metallicity (m32; Bruzual & Charlot 2003), Lyα escape fraction fesc=20%, and SMC dust law. Solid blue lines show best-fit templates and dashed red lines show templates best fit at the associated low-redshift peak in P(z). Translucent blue diamonds show expected photometry for best fit and translucent red diamonds show expected photometry for low-redshift fit. The inset shows P(z) calculated from EAzY while allowing for linear combinations of the default base set of BC03 templates. The solid gray line shows probability with HST and Spitzer fluxes, dotted gray shows probability with HST fluxes only. Vertical lines correspond to best-fit and low-redshift best-fit solutions. https://scispace.com/papers/stem-cell-laden-hydrogel-bioink-for-generation-of-high-5dh7ngoynh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-characterization-of-oma-1ox20ma-bioinks-synthesized-fthho25w.png Figure 2. Characterization of OMA (1OX20MA) bioinks synthesized from high viscosity alginate. Viscosity measurements of the OMA bioink as a function of (A) shear rate and (B) shear stress demonstrate its shear-thinning and shear-yielding behaviors, respectively. Frequency sweep tests of (C) OMA-15 [OMA+ 15 μl CaSO4 (1.22 M)], (D) OMA-20 [OMA+ 20 μl CaSO4 (1.22 M)], (E) OMA-25 [OMA+ 25 μl CaSO4 (1.22 M)], and (F) OMA-40 [OMA+ 40 μl CaSO4 (1.22 M)] bioinks indicate that the OMA bioinks were mechanically stable. Strain sweep tests of (G) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-images-of-3d-filaments-printed-in-a-straight-line-waf9zt0m.png Figure 3. (A) Images of 3D filaments printed in a straight line using the modified Printrbot printer with OMA bioinks synthesized from high viscosity alginate and 22 G (ID=410 μm), 25 G (ID=260 μm), and 27 G (ID=210 μm) printing needles and (B) their mean diameters. Colored dotted lines indicate the inner diameter of each respective printing needle. Scale bars indicate 500 μm. *p<0.05 compared to other groups. Fidelity of the 3D printed structures with various printing needle sizes. (C) Images of 3D printed structures using the modified Printrbot https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-illustration-of-photocrosslinkable-a7jbirrv.png Figure 1. Schematic illustration of photocrosslinkable calcium-crosslinked OMA bioink. The 3D bioprinted OMA bioink could be further photocured to produce a chemically and mechanically stable biomimetic 3D bioprinted construct. https://scispace.com/papers/stellopt-modeling-of-the-3d-diagnostic-response-in-iter-ebysztyopv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-poloidal-flux-loop-response-to-applied-resonant-do7fycju.png Figure 5. Poloidal flux loop response to applied resonant mangetic perturbation (n = 3). ITER first wall and simulated flux loops are depicted (left). Index number for select loops are shown. Flux loop response (top right) and difference from axisymmetry are plotted (bottom right). The loops on the upper outboard midplane show the greatest sensitivity this boundary perturbation. Shaded regions indicate the divertor region where it may be difficult to place probes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simulated-iter-lidar-scattering-diagnostic-response-re8ws8y2.png Figure 6. Simulated ITER LIDAR scattering diagnostic response. Comparrison between the axisymmetric (n = 0) and non-axisymmetric (n = 3) equilibria indicate that the sensitivity to variations in the plasma edge is greatest on the low field side of the plasma. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-iter-boundary-optimization-and-profiles-utilized-1tyf08dp.png Figure 2. ITER boundary optimization and profiles utilized for forward modeling. The ITER coil currents were optmized in axisymmetry to provide a best fit between the VMEC equilibria and the ITER target separatrix (solid line). Initial (1) and final (2) VMEC boundaries (dashed line) and magnetic axes (+) are plotted. Profiles determined by CORSICA are utilized in the VMEC equilibrium calculations. The extrapolated plasma pressure profile is obtained from the various species profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-radial-displacement-in-iter-due-to-applied-n-3-1mzjcz9i.png Figure 4. Radial displacement in ITER due to applied n = 3 resonant field. The regions around the low-field side (θ = 0 and θ = 2π) indicate the largest displacement (∼ 8 cm peak-to-peak) relative to axisymmetry while the high-field side (θ = π) indicates a small rigid shift with minimal poloidal or toroidal variation in this region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-locations-of-forward-modeled-diagnostics-2zt7d6rm.png Figure 3. Locations of forward modeled diagnostics. Axisymmetric ITER parallel current density is depticted with the ITER first wall and poloidal locations of the 89 simulated flux loops (left). Profile diagnostics for LIDAR (solid line) and charge exchange recombination (circles) are depicted against the axisymmetric flux surfaces in the z = 0 plane (left). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-iter-coil-set-utilized-for-free-boundary-vmec-1v1jean5.png Figure 1. ITER coil set utilized for free boundary VMEC equilibria. The in vessel coils and one toroidal field coil have been highlighted for clarity. The axisymmetric VMEC equilibrium is also plotted for reference. https://scispace.com/papers/stellar-populations-of-over-one-thousand-z-sim0-8-galaxies-3kt8yblknd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dn4000-and-ew-hd-distributions-as-a-function-of-2164lkgv.png Table 1 Dn4000 and EW(Hδ) Distributions as a Function of Stellar Mass https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distribution-of-dn4000-and-ew-hd-of-lega-c-blue-z-0-1wp6sy7c.png Figure 5. Distribution of Dn4000 and EW(Hδ) of LEGA-C (blue, z∼0.8) and SDSS (white, z∼0.1) samples with completeness correction. Each panel shows galaxies in 0.4dex stellar mass bins. The error bars indicate the 16th, 50th, and 84th percentiles of the distributions. At fixed stellar mass, LEGA-C galaxies have on average smaller Dn4000 and larger EW(Hδ), indicating younger populations. At z∼0.8, the distributions of both Dn4000 and EW(Hδ) depend on stellar mass. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-relative-abundance-of-the-old-galaxy-populations-as-umwofnru.png Figure 9. Relative abundance of the old galaxy populations as a function of stellar mass. The LEGA-C samples are shown by solid circles. The SDSS samples are shown by solid triangles. The uncertainties are smaller than the symbols. At z∼0.8, the relative abundance of the old population depends on the stellar mass, from 40% to 80% among three mass bins. On the other hand, at z∼0.1, galaxies belong mostly to the old population at all masses discussed in this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-distribution-of-lega-c-galaxies-on-the-dn4000-ew-2rrvb5ct.png Figure 8. (a) Distribution of LEGA-C galaxies on the Dn4000–EW(Hδ) plane, overplotted with model evolutionary tracks. The contours are the same as those in Figure 6(c), and model tracks are the same as those in Figure 6(d). The τ=2 Gyr and τ=4 Gyr models overlap with each other. Time steps of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 Gyr are marked with black circles, gray squares, and white triangles for the SSP, τ=0.5 Gyr, and τ=2 Gyr models, respectively. The black line indicates the ridge line of the distribution. (b) Spectral age index as a function of time with different SFHs. The definition of the age spectral index is given in Section 5. The red, green, and blue curves represent the SSP, τ=0.5 Gyr, and τ=2 Gyr SFHs, respectively. The same time steps as in panel (a) are labeled. (c, d, e, f) Distributions of the spectral age index of LEGA-C galaxies (blue) and SDSS galaxies (white). Galaxies with older stellar populations have larger indices. The SSP ages are labeled on the top of each panel, assuming a solar metallicity. The solid curves are the best-fit two-Gaussian models of the LEGA-C sample. The error bars indicate the 16th, 50th, and 84th percentiles of the distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-spectral-age-index-distributions-as-a-function-of-1cba8b0w.png Table 3 Spectral Age Index Distributions as a Function of Stellar Mass https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distributions-of-redshifts-and-stellar-masses-of-3ef1lj8x.png Figure 1. Distributions of redshifts and stellar masses of the LEGA-C and SDSS samples. Upper panels: histograms of the LEGA-C sample. Lower panels: distributions of the LEGA-C (blue) and SDSS (white) samples with the completeness correction (see Section 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-distribution-of-lega-c-and-sdss-galaxies-on-the-ej2vnev4.png Figure 6. Distribution of LEGA-C and SDSS galaxies on the Dn4000–EW(Hδ) plane in different stellar mass bins. (a) The colored dots are individual LEGA-C galaxies, color-coded by sSFR. Galaxies with sSFR<10−10 yr−1 are in red. The Dn4000 correlates with sSFR, where high-sSFR galaxies have small Dn4000. The cross in the bottom left corner is the typical uncertainty. The EW(Hδ) uncertainty is smaller than the EW(Hδ) distribution at Dn4000, so our measurements resolve the recent star formation histories of individual galaxies through EW(Hδ). (b) The same LEGA-C galaxies as in panel (a), color-coded by the star-forming/quiescent classification in the UVJ two-color scheme. The star-forming galaxies and quiescent galaxies are roughly separated by Dn4000;1.55 and EW(Hδ);2Å. (c) Distributions of completeness-corrected LEGA-C and SDSS samples. Blue solid contours represent the LEGA-C sample, and the dashed contours represent the SDSS sample. Contour levels are at 0.05, 0.20, 0.40, and 0.80 times the peak value for each sample. The LEGA-C sample exhibits a bimodal distribution on the Dn4000–EW(Hδ) plane, while the SDSS sample does not. (d) An illustration of how a galaxy evolves on the Dn4000–EW(Hδ) plane with different SFHs. Four SFHs are shown (top to bottom): SSP, 0.5, 2, and 4 Gyr τ decaying time. All models are with solar metallicity. The models with 2 and 4 Gyr τ decaying time occupy almost the same loci. The contour levels are the same as those in panel (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-the-lega-c-spectrum-and-the-best-fit-5sj9zo11.png Figure 2. Example of the LEGA-C spectrum and the best-fit model. The gray line in the upper panel shows the observed spectrum near 4000 Å. The stellar continuum (red) and the line emission (blue) are fit simultaneously. Important spectral lines are labeled with vertical dashed lines. The green line is the best-fit model (continuum plus line emission). We then subtract the best-fit emission-line model from the observed spectrum (middle panel). The EW(Hδ) and Dn4000 are measured from the emission-line-subtracted spectrum. The bottom panel shows the uncertainty. https://scispace.com/papers/stem-cell-mobilization-chemotherapy-with-gemcitabine-is-202fzigil5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mobilization-and-transplantation-2nt9f84y.png Table 2: Mobilization and transplantation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mobilization-and-transplantation-1cz9imoa.png Table 2: Mobilization and transplantation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-peripheral-neuropathy-pn-1qgjqih9.png Table 4: Peripheral neuropathy (PN ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-characteristics-3rx6isge.png Table 1 - Patient characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/stem-3-0-for-chinese-students-with-sea-perch-underwater-4xo31gpfql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-photos-of-the-students-presentation-and-samples-of-the-3hbnd1if.png Fig. 8. Photos of the students’ presentation and samples of the students slices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-evolution-of-sea-perch-robot-from-the-standard-version-38btexcr.png Fig. 7. Evolution of “Sea Perch” robot from the standard version (A.1 and A.2) by the end of the camp day to personally designed version based on the tasks assigned for the final competition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-increasing-number-of-published-paper-related-to-3oc99tnu.png Fig. 1. The increasing number of published paper related to the topic of STEM education in China [13]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-concept-of-the-stem-3-0-learning-and-teaching-method-1kz6tfoc.png Fig. 2. Concept of the “STEM 3.0” learning and teaching method and its relationship to the “Traditional”, “STEM 1.0” and “STEM 2.0” methods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-key-educational-components-of-the-sea-perch-underwater-2knn9ix2.png Fig. 4. Key educational components of the “Sea Perch” underwater robots. A.1 and A.2: Frame assembly for structural integrity; B: Floater placement for hydrostatics; C.1 and C.2: Motor waterproof and control box construction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-framework-for-the-implementation-of-the-stem-3-0-in-1alc4dns.png Fig. 3. Framework for the implementation of the STEM 3.0 in the classroom. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-flowchart-of-the-activies-for-the-2019-sea-perch-dxkq7d8n.png Fig. 5. Flowchart of the activies for the 2019 Sea Perch summer camp for hands-on thinkers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-record-of-the-competition-31ee9w4s.png TABLE I. RECORD OF THE COMPETITION https://scispace.com/papers/stenciled-conducting-bismuth-nanowires-2k0czfo0am 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plot-of-resistance-vs-the-ratio-of-number-of-squares-12scvtmc.png FIG. 3. Plot of resistance vs the ratio of number of squares to thickness for wires with various aspect ratios deposited in the same step. The extracted resistivity from the linear fit is 1.2 10−3 cm and is independent of wire dimensions. The inset shows a typical current-voltage characteristic, linear https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-atomic-force-microscope-image-of-two-nws-22k8p02r.png FIG. 2. Color Atomic force microscope image of two NWs fabricated in th stencil apertures of 100 and 220 nm, respectively, illustrating their differen aperture clogging; c graph showing the dependence of the nanowire thick https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-scanning-electron-micrograph-of-2-6-m-long-bi-nws-1p7hatd2.png FIG. 1. a Scanning electron micrograph of 2.6 m long Bi NWs deposited on SiO2 substrate in the same step with widths of 200, 260, and 440 nm, respectively. b Scanning electron micrograph of stencil apertures through which the NWs from a were deposited. c Scanning electron micrograph with 1 m long stencil apertures of 70 and 320 nm wide, respectively, after the deposition of 95 nm Bi and d after the Bi was cleaned off. One can notice the narrower one is fully clogged, while the second one is merely reduced in size. https://scispace.com/papers/step-size-adjustment-and-extrapolation-for-time-stepping-1jkne3p6a3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-double-logarithmic-plot-of-the-maximal-step-size-3szykse9.png Figure 14. Double-logarithmic plot of the maximal step size tmax versus the global integration error eG of the coordinate S . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-function-x-t-with-discontinuity-at-time-td-the-1z51fqj2.png Figure 1. Function x(t) with discontinuity at time tD . The derivative ẋ(t) of x(t) is equal to a almost everywhere, except for a ‘single instantaneous infinite peak’ at time tD . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-switching-point-search-by-a-regula-falsi-method-the-3q60vfqa.png Figure 8. Switching point search by a regula falsi method. The accepted, previous and actual time steps are plotted as a black bar, a dashed grey bar and as a thin grey bar, respectively. The exact position of the switching point is denoted by tS . Black triangles indicate that the actual time step i was not successful, because its discrete state r̂ differs from the accepted time step i . The right column lists the extrapolation results of the actual time step i . Note that the previous and accepted time steps may coincide in some situations (black/grey dotted bars). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-overview-of-the-extrapolation-module-19ovxsk1.png Table II. Overview of the extrapolation module. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-single-dof-impact-oscillator-b-the-contact-3tlm8rpd.png Figure 12. Single DOF impact oscillator. (b) The contact impulses . (c) and (d) The position x and the velocity ẋ of the mass. (e) The global error eG=|x−xexact| is depicted as a function of the maximal step size tmax for different calculations with integration order p. The results are approximately straight lines with slope s= p. (f) A double-logarithmic plot of the global error versus the cpu time, which is in our case linearly dependent on the number of performed successful and unsuccessful PJOR/PSOR iteration steps. When using a high integration order, the error can significantly be reduced with only a small additional effort. On the other hand, low-order integration is fast but does not allow for a significant reduction in the integration error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-flow-chart-of-the-extrapolation-algorithm-2ir817te.png Figure 6. Flow chart of the extrapolation algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-overview-of-the-time-step-adjustment-module-3exwyz76.png Table III. Overview of the time step adjustment module. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-point-mass-sliding-on-a-table-b-the-path-in-the-xy-2s1r7kqu.png Figure 11. Point mass sliding on a table. (b) The path in the xy-plane. (c)–(f) The time evolutions of the integration order, the step size t , the friction force k and the absolute velocity of the point mass. At time instants tA, tB and tC the point mass turns around, the force is switched off and a slip-stick transition occurs, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/stercoral-colitis-in-a-patient-with-pediatric-onset-systemic-4cqmcbv0l3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-35vhudli.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-5vv6xsli.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-360lo2dy.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/steps-toward-a-modular-library-for-turning-any-evolutionary-43q4ltrkal 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-products-of-evolution-picbreeder-artifacts-a-are-n-3jjoh2bs.png Figure 2: Products of Evolution. Picbreeder artifacts (a) are n x n pixel images where the RGB values are constructed from the outputs of a CPPN (Stanley, 2007). (b) A pair of two-dimensional ambulating creatures are shown from the IESoR domain (Szerlip and Stanley, 2013). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-win-phylogenies-the-tree-of-artifacts-in-a-and-b-34tzsm9u.png Figure 3: WIN Phylogenies. The tree of artifacts in (a) and (b) represent artificial phylogenies resulting from the efforts of a single researcher. In (a), each square represents a published image inside win-Picbreeder, while each connection represents a direct relationship between the images. Each image in (b) illustrates the starting morphology of a two-dimensional ambulating creature evolved by win-IESoR. Though images are linked by a single connection, there may have been multiple human selections and potentially hundreds or thousands of automated evaluations in each branch of the tree. Both phylogenies contain artifacts that are currently available for browsing in win-Picbreeder and win-IESoR by visiting WIN Online at http:// winark.org/. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-schema-in-win-shown-here-are-examples-of-1oh1oyzt.png Figure 1: Example Schema in WIN Shown here are examples of two potential encodings and the corresponding JSON format for saving insideWIN. At top, a NEAT Genotype describes a compositional pattern producing network (CPPN) with four nodes and three connections (Stanley, 2007). Below, a GP-Tree (Koza, 1998) representing the function f(x) = 3 + x2 is shown. For both figures, the middle column describes the expected composition of the data sent to WIN for the purpose of validation. https://scispace.com/papers/stereo-vision-and-rover-navigation-software-for-planetary-ud52utagnh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examplegestalt-parameters-ujmigh65.png Table 1. ExampleGESTALT Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustrationof-thestepsinvolvedin-stereovision-5lt0vbso.png Figure 1. Illustrationof thestepsinvolvedin StereoVision Processing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-graphicaldepictionof-a-successful17-5meterrun-2fdvxz3j.png Figure 4. Graphicaldepictionof a successful17.5meterrun throughVL-2 terrain. Theredpathindicatesthepaththerover thoughtit took,eachstepof whichis numbered;thegreenpathrepresentsthegroundtruth,asmeasuredby asurveyor’sranging theodolite.Althoughit actuallydrove fartherthanit estimated,theroverdid stopwithin thespecifiedarea.Someof therocks werealsomeasuredwith therangingtheodolite,andarerenderedhereasblueellipseswith maximumheightsindicatedin text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stereovision-results-unoptimized-light-blue-vs-jfkjaxov.png Figure 2. StereoVision Results:Unoptimized(light blue)vs. Vector-optimized(darkred) run timesfor 4 functions.TheX axisrepresentsindividual assemblyinstructionsexecutedfor eachfunction; thefirst instructionin a functionis on thefar left, the last instructionon the far right. The Y axis representstotal time in millisecondsspentexecutinga particularinstruction, integratedover200iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-implementationtimingson-theathenasdm-r300012mhz-2ijmm9xt.png Table 2. ImplementationTimingson theAthenaSDM R300012MHz CPUrunningVxWorks,usinga 10 meter 10 meter Grid with 20 cm 20cm Cells.Timingscomefrom 8 separaterunscomprising105distinctmoves. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-simulationtimings-runninggestalt-10-timeson-a-2lrh8mws.png Table 3. SimulationTimings,RunningGESTALT 10 timeson a SingleRealImagePair usinga9 meterx 9 meterGrid at DifferingResolutions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-successful5-meterrun-througha-narrow-2zsbyldy.png Figure 3. A successful5 meterrun througha narrow obstaclecourse.Theupperleft imageshows actualobstaclelocations andactualroverpath,asmeasuredusinga surveyor’s rangingtheodolite.Theupperright imageis a pictureof thetestcourse androver. Thebottomimageis renderedat thesamescaleastheupperleft image,andshows thelocal mapbuilt by therover during its traverse.This bottomimageis oneof GESTALT’s diagnosticimages,andincludes(1) therover view from the left forward-facingcamerawith grid superimposed,(2) anelevationimagecorrespondingto (1), (3) thelocal occupancy grid with (dark)obstaclesandpossiblesteeringarcs,and(4) a rankingof possibleheadingsshowing bestheading. https://scispace.com/papers/stereo-vision-calibration-procedure-for-3d-surface-4rlbubjr9o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-calibration-procedure-statistics-1f25iss7.png TABLE I CALIBRATION PROCEDURE STATISTICS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-chart-with-five-calibre-vertical-step-measurements-x-38a9xpe0.png Fig. 8- Chart with five calibre vertical step measurements (X axis) on five distinguished image points (System M1 to M5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-calibre-used-in-calibration-3622jviy.png Fig. 7 - Calibre used in calibration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-chart-with-five-calibre-vertical-step-measurements-x-1v4avav6.png Fig. 9- Chart with five calibre vertical step measurements (X axis) on five determined image points (System M1 to M5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-result-of-the-laser-line-detection-in-both-cameras-2ff11ht6.png Fig. 5 – Result of the laser line detection in both cameras: yellow - camera 1 image, blue - camera 2 image, white - camera 1 image and camera 2 image intersection. https://scispace.com/papers/stereochemical-challenges-in-characterizing-nitrogenous-3jcrqipzpj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-nmr-dataa-for-compounds-6-and-7-in-meoh-d4-bff3mv3x.png Table 2. NMR Dataa for Compounds 6 and 7 in MeOH-d4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nmr-dataa-for-compounds-4-and-5-in-cdcl3-20uddtxk.png Table 1. NMR Dataa for Compounds 4 and 5 in CDCl3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-noe-correlations-for-candidate-structures-of-4-u9mh5ykn.png Figure 1. NOE correlations for candidate structures of 4. https://scispace.com/papers/stereochemical-determination-of-selegiline-metabolites-in-3ddym0pl8f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-chromatographic-separation-of-tpc-derivatized-3n92hgil.png Figure 4. A chromatographic separation of TPC-derivatized diastereomers of (-)-amphetamine and (-)- methamphetamine. Amphetamines were isolated from the urine sample. Deuterated racemic mixtures of amphetamine and of methamphetamine were used as internal standards. Details are described in the materials and methods section. In the chromatogram, the analytes' retention times (minutes) were: (-)-amphetamine-d8 (11.95), (-)-amphetamine (11.99), (+)-amphetamine-d8 (12.20), (-)-methamphetamine-d8 (13.40), (-)- methamphetamine (13.51 ), and (+ )-methamphetamine- d8 (13.55). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-chromatogram-showing-separation-of-standards-k98uyala.png Figure 3. A chromatogram showing separation of standards, derivatized by TPC, of (-) and (+) isomers of amphetamine, as well as of methamphetamine. In the chromatogram, the analytes' retention times (minutes) were: (-)-amphetamine (12.12), (-+-)-amphetamine (12.33), (-)-methamphetamine (13.65), and (-+-)- methamphetamine (13.86). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-confirmation-and-quantitation-of-amphetamine-and-2np76gda.png Table II. Confirmation and quantitation of amphetamine and methamphetamine, following derivatization with PFPA, by the GC/MS method https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-screening-findings-j3kj8tmk.png Table I. Screening findings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-metabolism-of-selegiline-the-chiral-centers-1cbca7q9.png Figure 1. Metabolism of selegiline. The chiral centers (asymmetric carbons) are depicted by asterisks. https://scispace.com/papers/stereographiccombing-a-porcupine-or-studies-on-direction-9taiy6sbd9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-18-the-result-of-linear-diffusion-following-10000-39yhsvjo.png Fig. 7.18. The result of linear diffusion following 10,000 iterations with time step 0.0001, represented by arrows (left) and as a color image (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-16-the-noise-free-direction-fan-image-represented-by-232fd2u4.png Fig. 7.16. The noise-free direction fan image, represented by arrows (left) and as a color image (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-17-the-noisy-direction-fan-image-represented-by-arrows-2gz391iw.png Fig. 7.17. The noisy direction fan image, represented by arrows (left) and as a color image (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-20-the-result-of-hp-diffusion-following-1000-25akjprg.png Fig. 7.20. The result of HP diffusion following 1,000 iterations with time step 0.01. The value of β is 1.5. Representation by arrows (left) and as a color image (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-21-the-result-of-sp-diffusion-following-1000-1slhca0f.png Fig. 7.21. The result of SP diffusion following 1,000 iterations with time step 0.01. The value of β is 10. Representation by arrows (left) and as a color image (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-19-the-result-of-tv-diffusion-following-100000-1n3huvzw.png Fig. 7.19. The result of TV diffusion following 100,000 iterations with time step 0.00001, represented by arrows (left) and as a color image (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-1-the-projection-error-in-the-linear-and-tv-schemes-9j332wcj.png Fig. 7.1. The projection error in the linear and TV schemes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-9-numerical-error-for-hp-for-b-10-left-and-for-b-0-f2ebvo29.png Fig. 7.9. Numerical error for HP for β = 10 (left) and for β = 0 (right). Here we go over S1 from −π to π using an equal step size of π 32 . https://scispace.com/papers/stereomutations-of-atropisomers-of-sterically-hindered-1hcqd1pyvb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3s-temperature-dependent-chromatographic-profiles-of-1pwcbck3.png Figure 3s. Temperature-dependent chromatographic profiles of 4 on Chiralcel-OD column. Left: experimental chromatogram (eluent: n-hexane/2-propanol/methanol 95/3.5/1.5, flow rate 1 ml/min, UV detection at 254 nm) as function of temperature. Right: computer simulated profiles obtained with the given rate constants for the on-column diastereomerization process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4s-top-hplc-separation-of-the-distereoisomers-of-4-at-1qsgewoz.png Figure 4s. Top: HPLC separation of the distereoisomers of 4 at 5 °C on Chiralcel-OD column (eluent: n-hexane/2-propanol/methanol 95/3.5/1.5, flow rate 1 ml/min, UV (trace a) and CD (trace b) detection at 254 nm). Bottom: corresponding CD spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1s-molecular-mechanics-calculated-values-of-the-steric-35x6etny.png Table 1s. Molecular mechanics calculated values of the steric enthalpy (∆H in kcal mol-1), steric entropy (∆S in cal mol-1 K-1), steric free energy (∆G in kcal mol-1) and of the Boltzmann populations ratios of the cis and trans stereoisomers of 2 at 298 K as a function of the dielectric constant (ε). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5s-temperature-dependence-of-the-1h-signals-600-mhz-2zphik2g.png Figure 5s. Temperature dependence of the 1H signals (600 MHz) of the N=CH hydrogen of 4 in nitrobenzene-d5 (left), and spectral simulation based on the given rate constants (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1s-temperature-dependent-chromatographic-profiles-of-9v7oyrqk.png Figure 1s. Temperature-dependent chromatographic profiles of 3 on Chiralcel-OD column. Experimental chromatogram (eluent: n-hexane/2-propanol/methanol 95/3.5/1.5, flow rate 1 ml/min, UV detection at 254 nm) as function of temperature (left). Computer simulated profiles obtained with the given rate constants for the on-column enantiomerization process (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2s-top-hplc-resolution-of-the-enantiomers-of-3-at-10-2tgxy5bs.png Figure 2s. Top: HPLC resolution of the enantiomers of 3 at 10 °C on Chiralcel-OD column (eluent: n-hexane/2-propanol/methanol 95/3.5/1.5, flow rate 1 ml/min, UV (trace a) and CD (trace b) detection at 254 nm). Bottom: corresponding CD spectra. https://scispace.com/papers/stereoselective-formation-of-chiral-metallopeptides-4kr17khsf2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-peptide-ligands-synthesized-in-this-study-2wmil2jc.png Table 1. Peptide ligands synthesized in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-stability-constants-of-peptides-l-p3-l-p4-l-p5-1mferguk.png Table 2. Stability constants of peptides L-P3, L-P4, L-P5 complexes with selected metal ions in PBS, pH 5.6 at 298 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dashed-lines-circular-dichroism-spectra-of-a-0-7-mm-19pzkunz.png Figure 4. Dashed lines: Circular Dichroism spectra of a 0.7 mM solution of D-P3 (○) and L-P3 (●) in 10 mM PBS buffer pH 5.1. Continuous lines: same solutions after addition of 1.3 eq. of Co(II). Absorption spectra of free (dashed line) and coordinated L-P3 (solid line) are shown for reference on top of the CD spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-1h-nmr-600-mhz-spectra-of-l-p3-at-280-k-in-d2o-1kfcxxox.png Figure 3. a) 1H NMR 600 MHz spectra of L-P3 at 280 K in D2O (PBS buffer, pH 5.6) in the absence (bottom spectrum) and presence (top spectrum) of 1.2 equivalents of Zn(II) The corresponding aromatic regions are enlarged and the chemical shifts changes are annotated. b) Aromatic region of the NOESY spectrum (500 ms mixing time) at 280 K in the presence of 1.2 equivalents of Zn(II). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-uv-vis-titration-of-13-um-l-p3-with-increasing-1a3wrrj8.png Figure 1. UV/Vis titration of 13 µM L-P3 with increasing concentrations of Co(II) and best fit to a mixed 1:1 and 1:2 model (solid line). Curves representing the relative populations of free L-P3 (L), ML and ML2 complexes are overlaid as dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optimized-structures-of-the-zn-l-d-p3-2-complexes-8xurjdeg.png Figure 2. Optimized structures of the [Zn(L/D-P3)]2+ complexes. The arrows indicate the NOE contacts observed in the NOESY spectrum of [Zn(L-P3)]2+ (600 MHz, H2O/D2O PBS buffer, pH 5.6, 280 K, 500 ms mixing time) in the presence of 1.2 equivalents of ZnSO4, which are not present without the salt. https://scispace.com/papers/stereoselective-synthesis-of-original-spirolactams-37v9b445zp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-20-3tbz42sv.png Figures 20 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sem-images-of-the-self-assembled-structure-of-dimer-11uc3lo7.png Fig. 3 SEM images of the self-assembled structure of dimer 12a. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-representation-from-modelling-studies-of-ppii-bio-1yjs1w2q.png Fig. 2 (A) Representation from modelling studies of PPII bio-inspired spirocyclic dimers 12a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cd-experiments-in-phosphate-buffer-a-and-b-effect-of-1akyyfp7.png Fig. 1 CD experiments in phosphate buffer; A and B: effect of the increasing temperature on the global shape of 12a and 12b signals respectively; C and D: effect of increasing concentrations of guanidinium https://scispace.com/papers/steric-repulsion-by-adsorbed-polymer-layers-studied-with-54bitwh8o9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-from-the-non-linear-least-squares-fitting-2v9v90vz.png Table 1. Parameters from the non-linear least squares fitting of eq 9 to the experimental interaction potentials, Δφtot(h), between a PS sphere and a glass wall; top part: 5.7 μm particle diameter; bottom part: 2.8 μm particle diameter. The parameters with an asterisk were kept fix. Values in parenthesis could be varied by more than 100 %, keeping the other parameters fix, without changing the quality of the fit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-evolution-of-the-adsorption-process-in-a-27wpn9tn.png Figure 1. Time evolution of the adsorption process in a system PS sphere (2.8 μm)/ PEO in water/ glass wall: a) experimental interaction profiles Δφtot(h); b) sketches illustrating the phenomenological interpretation. For details see main text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scattered-intensity-from-a-2-8-mm-diameter-ps-1cn636ab.png Figure 2. Scattered intensity from a 2.8 μm diameter PS sphere close to the glass wall vs time: a) particle in electrolyte solution; b) decrease of the average intensity and fluctuation amplitudes after adding PEO into the system; c) spontaneous increase of the fluctuation amplitude parallel to a decrease of the average intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interaction-potentials-dphtot-h-between-a-5-7-mm-a-1u7vp5a4.png Figure 3. Interaction potentials, Δφtot(h), between a 5.7 μm (a) and a 2.8 μm (b) diameter PS sphere and a glass wall. Symbols are experimental data recorded at different polymer concentrations; open triangles: cPEO = 0 and full squares: cPEO = 1.0 g/L PEO (c/c* = 0.8). Lines present the calculations according to the superposition of eq 7 and 8 (a: Geff = 88 fN, κ-1 = 12.4 nm, B = 1.3×104 kBT; b: Geff = 37 fN, κ-1=12.4 nm, B = 1.5×102 kBT nm) for different polymer concentration as indicated in the figure. The vertical bars mark the separation distance where the electrostatic potential has decayed to 0.1 kBT. B https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-interaction-potentials-dphtot-h-between-a-5-7-mm-1696vsaj.png Figure 4. Interaction potentials, Δφtot(h), between a 5.7 μm diameter PS sphere and a glass wall. Symbols are experimental data obtained at different polymer concentrations are: 0 g/L, 1.5·10-2 g/L, 2.7·10-2 g/L, 4.1·10-2 g/L, 8.2·10-2 g/L, 1.7·10-1 g/L; 3.1·10- 1 g/L; 1.0 g/L. The solid curves are the best non linear least squares fits according to eq 9 https://scispace.com/papers/sterically-crowded-peri-substituted-naphthalene-phosphines-16rallzprl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-crystal-structure-of-8-phenylsulfanylnaphth-1-19j8u9lu.png Figure 3 The crystal structure of (8-phenylsulfanylnaphth-1-yl)diphenylphosphine 2.[18] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-crystal-structures-of-2o-2s-and-2se-showing-1kuirx0g.png Figure 10 The crystal structures of 2O, 2S and 2Se showing the orientation and overlap of the phenyl rings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-crystal-structures-of-phosphorus-v-2hu736jd.png Figure 9 The crystal structures of phosphorus(V) chalcogenides 2O, 2S and 2Se. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-phosphorus-31-and-selenium-77-nmr-spectroscopic-data-2p53jpo0.png Table 1 Phosphorus-31 and selenium-77 NMR spectroscopic data for phosphines 1-3 and related chalcogeno derivatives [δ (ppm), J (Hz)] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-selected-molecular-orbitals-of-the-neutral-and-3o6u7jpm.png Figure 14 Selected molecular orbitals of the neutral and radical cation species of 3Se (B3LYP level) showing bonding (bottom) and antibonding (top) combinations of p-orbitals on the Se atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-torsion-angles-deg-categorising-the-naphthalene-and-2xxrzvcl.png Table 4 Torsion angles [°] categorising the naphthalene and ethyl/phenyl ring conformations in 1 and 2 [values in parentheses are for independent molecules] https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-selected-interatomic-distances-a-and-2t4vme0w.png Table 3 Continued - Selected interatomic distances [Å] and angles [°] for 2, 2O, 2S, 2Se, 3O, 3S and 3Se https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-orientation-of-the-phenyl-and-ethyl-groups-the-32ntzgiy.png Figure 4 The orientation of the phenyl and ethyl groups, the type of structure and the quasi-linear arrangements of 1 and 2.[25] https://scispace.com/papers/sthm-based-local-thermomechanical-analysis-measurement-5ycl3qhh3o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sthm-systems-3557r1ev.png Table 1 SThM systems https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-electrical-resistance-of-the-probe-measured-using-a-129r0xbv.png Figure 4: Electrical resistance of the probe measured using a dc current of 0.1 mA as a function of the laser spot location on the cantilever for the two polarities of the probe in the measurement circuit. Dashed line gives the electrical resistance of the probe while laser is turned off. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-definition-of-the-data-sets-shown-in-figures-7-to-9-318qqvgf.png Table 4 Definition of the data sets shown in Figures 7 to 9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-main-components-of-equipment-used-for-nano-ta-1clyt315.png Figure 1 Main components of equipment used for nano-TA measurements. a. SThM microscope components b. Scanning electron microscopy images of a DS probe. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-deflection-curves-for-amorphous-and-semi-37728zx3.png Figure 3: Deflection curves for amorphous and semi-crystalline polymeric materials as a function of the heating voltage applied to the nano-TA probe, i.e. before calibration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sthm-determined-apparent-melting-temperatures-of-2qmg8fe9.png Figure 9: SThM-determined apparent melting temperatures of the Anasys calibration samples, including different probes and different evaluation methods, following temperature calibration with the references samples considered in this work. Error bars are showing the expanded uncertainty (k=2). Points are slightly mutually shifted in the x-axis direction for better visibility. The dashed grey line represents the curve y=x. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-examples-of-thermomechanical-response-curves-1d8bnl7y.png Figure 6: Examples of thermomechanical response curves showing some typical effects increasing the uncertainty: drift in the thermomechanical response curve start, complex curve shape close to the transition https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-the-calibration-samples-3h4thbso.png Table 2 Description of the calibration samples https://scispace.com/papers/stickiness-and-incomplete-contracts-182llq6yse 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dispute-resolution-clauses-by-agreement-type-3c2n6ck2.png TABLE 3: DISPUTE RESOLUTION CLAUSES BY AGREEMENT TYPE https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-5-influence-of-the-first-draft-2d22bbt3.png TABLE A.5: INFLUENCE OF THE FIRST DRAFT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-synthetic-controls-analysis-pre-and-postgoodyear-127aqduk.png FIGURE 8: SYNTHETIC CONTROLS ANALYSIS PRE- AND POSTGOODYEAR https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-most-popular-court-forums-3ipsi0sl.png TABLE 4: MOST POPULAR COURT FORUMS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dispute-resolution-clauses-over-time-1errb5fp.png FIGURE 1: DISPUTE RESOLUTION CLAUSES OVER TIME https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-4-client-retention-after-collapse-35461hli.png TABLE A.4: CLIENT RETENTION AFTER COLLAPSE https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-collapse-induced-law-firm-changes-2ehpq3g4.png TABLE A.3: COLLAPSE-INDUCED LAW FIRM CHANGES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-law-firm-and-general-counsel-influence-on-dispute-39qmdjdf.png FIGURE 3: LAW FIRM AND GENERAL COUNSEL INFLUENCE ON DISPUTE RESOLUTION CLAUSES https://scispace.com/papers/sticking-probabilities-of-h2o-and-al-ch3-3-during-atomic-2d7g9f4jjf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-initial-sticking-probabilities-s0-of-2c9eklju.png TABLE I. Comparison of initial sticking probabilities s0 of TMA and H2O during ALD of Al2O3, determined using thickness profiles obtained in LHAR structures [this work and Ylilammi et al. (Ref. 14)] and by SFG (Ref. 15). The values calculated from the slopes of the profile fronts [using Eq. (3)] show good correspondence with the SFG data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-panel-a-shows-thickness-profiles-of-al2o3-deposited-at-3o7m8fe0.png FIG. 3. Panel (a) shows thickness profiles of Al2O3 deposited at different set temperatures, where the penetration depth of TMA is higher than that of H2O. For these H2O-limited profiles, the temperature-dependent reactivity of H2O is reflected in the increasing slope at the profile front. The initial sticking probabilities of H2O corresponding to these slopes are plotted against the substrate temperature in panel (b). Due to limited thermal contact, the substrate temperatures of ∼150, ∼220, and ∼310 °C are typically lower than the set table temperatures of 150, 275, and 400 °C and are therefore estimated based on calibration. The determined values of s0 (dotted line) show a similar trend as those obtained by Vandalon et al. using SFG (solid line) (Ref. 15). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-normalized-thickness-profiles-of-al2o3-deposited-in-1jlckld6.png FIG. 2. Normalized thickness profiles of Al2O3 deposited in LHAR3 structures with varied TMA dosing, as obtained by Ylilammi et al. (left, 300 °C) (Ref. 14) and in this work (Tset = 275 °C). When the penetration depth of TMA is lower than that of H2O (called TMA-limited, middle), the profile has a sharper front than when TMA penetrates deeper than H2O (called H2O-limited, right). This can be attributed to the higher sticking probability of TMA compared to H2O. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-modeled-ref-36-coverage-profiles-for-a-varied-iywz3nnl.png FIG. 1. Modeled (Ref. 36) coverage profiles for a varied precursor dose (a) and initial sticking probability (b). Experimentally, such coverage profiles are acquired as normalized thickness profiles of films deposited in LHAR structures (Refs. 7, 14, 28, and 29) of which a schematic cross-sectional side view is given in panel (c). Panel (d) gives the extracted relation between the slope at the profile front and the value of the initial sticking probability. https://scispace.com/papers/sticky-income-inequality-in-the-spanish-transition-1973-1990-jes6hwji8i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-matching-household-surveys-with-national-accounts-iasdm5c5.png TABLE 7 MATCHING HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS WITH NATIONAL ACCOUNTS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gini-indices-for-components-of-disposable-income-1ivb95zz.png FIGURE 4 GINI INDICES FOR COMPONENTS OF DISPOSABLE INCOME https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-levels-and-growth-of-disposable-equivalent-income-3sy3m4cy.png TABLE 12 LEVELS AND GROWTH OF DISPOSABLE EQUIVALENT INCOME https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-spanish-income-inequality-1973-1990-in-the-scaled-x6uxg6mu.png TABLE 10 SPANISH INCOME INEQUALITY (1973-1990) IN THE SCALED-UP DATA (GINI INDEX) https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-shares-of-disposable-income-across-deciles-hkdairf3.png TABLE 11 SHARES OF DISPOSABLE INCOME ACROSS DECILES (PERCENTAGE) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pissarides-webers-model-1iod3kgs.png FIGURE 1 PISSARIDES-WEBER’S MODEL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-composition-of-disposable-income-1ipta4p4.png FIGURE 2 COMPOSITION OF DISPOSABLE INCOME https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-correction-factors-by-sources-of-income-fn0148de.png TABLE 8 CORRECTION FACTORS BY SOURCES OF INCOME https://scispace.com/papers/stiffening-and-hydrophilisation-of-sog-low-k-material-1wvqqmuzgo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scheme-of-the-experimental-setup-2e4u0v67.png Figure 1 Scheme of the experimental setup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-refractive-index-and-extinction-coefficient-of-the-2o058oh3.png Figure 3 Refractive index and extinction coefficient of the low-k (as measured by PUV) versus wavelength. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-power-versus-wavelength-of-emitted-light-for-1m49il0y.png Figure 2 Power versus wavelength of emitted light for different excimer mixtures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-experimental-conditions-and-results-1lzxpj2s.png Table 2 Summary of experimental conditions and results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-youngs-moduli-as-measured-by-lawave-versus-uv-4329qhk2.png Figure 4 Young’s moduli (as measured by LAwave) versus UV exposure. The numbers on the graph correspond to the sample numbers in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-si-o-si-si-ch-3-ratios-as-measured-by-ftir-versus-3f3svu1i.png Figure 5 Si–O–Si/Si–CH 3 ratios (as measured by FTIR) versus exposure. https://scispace.com/papers/stimulated-emission-pumping-enabling-sub-diffraction-limited-mlkzm1ciae 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-cars-intensity-as-a-function-of-the-control-light-2mjk201b.png Fig. 1. a) CARS intensity as a function of the control light field intensity. b) CARS excitation profiles with donut-shaped control light fields applied. Increasing the control light field intensities results in a successive narrowing below the diffraction limit. Two-dimensional illustrations of two profiles are shown in the insets. c) CARS image without (left) and with (right) applied control light field pair of the same image section. The right image clearly resolves sub-diffraction-limited structures of the test sample. https://scispace.com/papers/stigma-and-access-to-care-in-first-episode-psychosis-1n3kfd76jm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-logistic-regression-analysis-for-stigma-and-duration-50qooqad.png Table 3. Logistic Regression Analysis for Stigma and Duration of Untreated Psychosis (DUP) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-linear-regression-analysis-for-stigma-and-duration-z6qtfni9.png Table 2. Linear Regression Analysis for Stigma and Duration of Untreated Psychosis (DUP) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-26suwopo.png Table 1. Sample Characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/stillbirths-where-when-why-how-to-make-the-data-count-e7bgmxxc00 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-estimated-stillbirth-rate-trends-by-region-1995-1ykkhysu.png Figure 5: Estimated stillbirth rate trends by region, 1995–2008, with predictions to 2020 Predictions based on average yearly percentage reduction in stillbirth rate from 1995 to 2008. Data sources from the panel. Projections levelled once target stillbirth rate of fi ve per 1000 total births is achieved. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-regional-variation-in-stillbirth-rates-and-the-38uywkee.png Figure 3: Regional variation in stillbirth rates and the proportion of intrapartum stillbirths Error bars indicate uncertainty range for the stillbirth rate estimate. Data sources from the panel and webappendix pp 5–12. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-countries-grouped-by-stillbirth-rate-with-variation-3hv4xa81.png Table 3: Countries grouped by stillbirth rate, with variation of maternal and neonatal outcomes and health-system indicators https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-antepartum-stillbirths-intrapartum-stillbirths-and-1xbsgwh0.png Figure 4: Antepartum stillbirths, intrapartum stillbirths, and early neonatal deaths with fetal (A) or neonatal (B) causes and associated maternal conditions (C) Data based on 19 976 stillbirths and 8562 neonatal deaths in South Africa, 2008–09. Data from Medical Research Council Maternal and Infant Health Care Strategies Research Unit.72 APH=antepartum haemorrhage. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-stillbirth-epidemiological-research-priorities-for-1xl3b5a6.png Table 6: Stillbirth epidemiological research priorities for low-income and middle-income countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-variation-in-the-distribution-of-antepartum-1kewbyju.png Table 4: Variation in the distribution of antepartum stillbirth causation and associated maternal conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-stillbirth-rates-and-percentage-of-2va5oqd2.png Table 1: Estimated stillbirth rates and percentage of intrapartum stillbirth by world region in 2008 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-recommendations-to-improve-national-stillbirth-data-5gatguli.png Figure 6: Recommendations to improve national stillbirth data Figure adapted from Lawn and colleagues.75 SBR=stillbirth rate. MICS=multiple indicator cluster surveys. ICD-11=International Classifi cation of Diseases, 11th revision. *Together, these categories constitute 80% of stillbirths worldwide. https://scispace.com/papers/stimulated-raman-scattering-microscopy-by-nyquist-modulation-4s3qld3lqx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sensitivity-level-blue-line-as-the-function-of-time-30o8puga.png Fig. 3. Sensitivity level (blue line) as the function of time constant and acquisition time for a 100 × 100 pixel image. Two crosses point to the positions for the image acquisition (green) and the noise characterization (red). Inset: noise performance of the system photodetection. The measurement with a 1 Hz lock-in amplifier bandwidth is performed for the 10 mW (blue line in the inset) pump beam intensity on the photodetector. The green line in the inset is the electronic background noise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-layout-of-the-experimental-setup-the-er-2tzt93h4.png Fig. 1. Schematic layout of the experimental setup. The Er:fiber amplifier that generates the Stokes pulses operates at half of the repetition rate of the oscillator. Er:OSC, Er:fiber oscillator; EOM, electro-optic modulator (AM1550, Jenoptik, Germany); EDFA, Er:doped fiber amplifier; HNF, highly nonlinear fiber; PPLN1/2, periodically poled lithium niobate crystals for second-harmonic generation; and bal. PD, balanced photodetector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-series-of-spectra-delivered-by-the-er-fiber-laser-31repbd9.png Fig. 2. Series of spectra delivered by the Er:fiber laser system. The green spectrum is the fixed Raman pump while the orange envelopes show the tunability of the Stokes beam. The frequency range that is accessible in SRS experiments spans from 1122 cm−1 to 3178 cm−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-stimulated-raman-loss-microscopy-of-a-mixture-of-pmma-11qvaboz.png Fig. 4. Stimulated Raman loss microscopy of a mixture of PMMA (1 to 10 μm diameter) and PS beads (3 μm diameter). The images were recorded at Raman shifts of (a) 3053 cm−1 corresponding to the aromatic CH resonance in PS and of (b) 2946 cm−1 corresponding to the aliphatic CH resonance in PMMA, respectively. The excitation intensities were 3.9 mW at 776 nm (pump beam) and 1.5 mW at 1006 nm or 1.2 mW at 1017 nm (Stokes beams). The pixel dwell times were 5 ms. Lower panels: section of the images at the position indicated in the upper panel with a solid white line. Size bar: 2 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-white-light-transmission-and-b-stimulated-raman-loss-j6fqfj5p.png Fig. 5. (a) White-light transmission and (b) stimulated Raman loss microscopy of fixed human adipocytes. The image was recorded at a Raman shift of 2823 cm−1 corresponding to an aliphatic CH-stretch vibrational resonance. Lipid droplets containing large amounts of aliphatic CH are visible with high contrast in the SRS image. Excitation powers were as low as 6.5 mW at 776 nm (pump) and 1.8 mW at 994 nm (Stokes). The pixel dwell times were 5 ms. Size bar: 10 μm. https://scispace.com/papers/stimulating-effect-of-adaptogens-an-overview-with-particular-3gvognukwb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-human-studies-involving-single-dose-340ondzm.png Table 1. Results of human studies involving single dose effects of plant adaptogens on physical and mental performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-values-of-correlation-index-between-the-effects-2azgga7c.png Table 4. The values of correlation index between the effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus and Schizandra chinensis extracts and changes in functional parameters during a day watch under unfavourable conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-values-of-the-correlation-coefficients-1w86xh9w.png Table 3. The values of the correlation coefficients associated with comparisons of effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus extract (4 ml) and initial levels of functional parameters in sailors during watches in middle altitudes https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effects-of-extracts-of-eleutherococcus-senticosus-3if5ftk4.png Table 5. Effects of extracts of Eleutherococcus senticosus and Schizandra chinensis on functional parameters in sailors during night watches in middle latitudes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-difference-between-adaptogens-and-other-1sixbwcf.png Table 2. The difference between adaptogens and other stimulants https://scispace.com/papers/stimulating-referral-behavior-may-backfire-for-men-the-58isdx8q5c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-susceptibility-0-6-as-a-function-of-self-esteem-and-vyjrldq0.png FIGURE 2 Susceptibility (0-6) as a function of self-esteem and referral outcome, study 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-susceptibility-0-3-as-a-function-of-referral-1prk414i.png FIGURE 1 Susceptibility (0-3) as a function of referral outcome and gender, study 1. https://scispace.com/papers/stimulating-employee-ambidexterity-and-employee-engagement-20ipg3fwnf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-please-insert-here-3i3pl75n.png Table V: Please insert here https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-please-insert-here-2f1gqzeb.png Table I: Please insert here https://scispace.com/papers/stimulation-and-measurement-of-radial-betatron-oscillations-1hsptxgxm6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-oscilloscope-picture-showing-betatron-oscillation-295i6o41.png Fig. 3. Oscilloscope picture showing betatron oscillation exciter in operation. Top trace: RF amplitude modulation waveform. 2nd trace: RF waveform. 3rd trace: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1uvhdnsp.png Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-bevatron-rf-system-showing-fre-uency-1n5yu972.png Fig. 1. Block diagram of Bevatron RF system, showing fre~uency control elements and ampl1tt;tde modulation input. "Vernier https://scispace.com/papers/stimuli-sensitive-hydrogels-for-pharmaceutical-and-medical-127fw6g9de 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-stimuli-sensitive-hydrogels-5-3pkw1l55.png Fig. 1. Stimuli-sensitive hydrogels [5] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-structural-formula-of-nipam-2d2hwy97.png Fig. 2. Structural formula of NIPAM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-use-of-hydrogels-copolymers-of-hema-with-edma-in-2k4lmufo.png Fig. 9. Use of hydrogels (copolymers of HEMA with EDMA) in rhinoplasty: (a) patient before surgery; (b) patient after surgery [98] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-soft-contact-lens-with-thin-edge-14-3ne1wj7b.png Fig. 3. Soft contact lens with thin edge [14] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-chemical-structures-a-b-cd-b-pae-possible-models-of-2nmn0cxc.png Fig. 8. Chemical structures: (a) β-CD, (b) PAE, possible models of entry of PAE into β-CD cavity, (c) PAE partially inside β-CD cavity, (d) PAE deeply inside β-CD cavity [86] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-backbones-of-the-temperature-sensitive-hydrogel-in-the-1lzxrp60.png Fig. 6. Backbones of the temperature-sensitive hydrogel in the (a) swollen and (b) aggregated condition [41] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hydrogel-synthesis-18-39kst5jw.png Fig. 4. Hydrogel synthesis [18] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-schematic-illustration-of-oral-colon-specific-drug-3lxtpibu.png Fig. 7. Schematic illustration of oral colon-specific drug delivery using biodegradable and pH sensitive hydrogels [53] https://scispace.com/papers/sting-dependent-interferon-l1-induction-in-ht29-cells-a-3wcyv5j7se 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-induction-of-type-iii-interferons-ifns-in-human-cancer-3i3vw9m3.png Fig. 1. Induction of type III interferons (IFNs) in human cancer cell lines after exposure to gamma- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-gamma-rays-induction-of-ifnl1-is-mediated-by-ifn-1xkvqzz5.png Fig. 4. Gamma-rays induction of IFNL1 is mediated by IFN regulatory factor (IRF)1 in HT29. (A) Distribution of IRF1, IRF3, and IRF7 within HT29 cells after mock or 6 Gy gamma-rays. IRF1 KO was also validated on the right panel. IFNL1 expression in HT29 cells (WT vs IRF1 KO) at 24, 72, and 120 hours after mock or 6 Gy (B) or 24 hours after 2 Gy × 5 F (C) gamma-rays was assessed by RTqPCR. N = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cytosolic-dna-sensor-sting-is-the-predominant-2t47hey3.png Fig. 3. Cytosolic DNA sensor–STING is the predominant signaling axis in gamma-ray induction of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-model-for-induction-of-ifnl-in-human-cancer-cells-by-xgs8b0uu.png Fig. 6. Model for induction of IFNL in human cancer cells by gamma-rays. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tank-binding-kinase-1-tbk1-and-nuclear-factor-kappa-b-bp303l7n.png Fig. 2. TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways contribute to https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-interleukin-il-28r-signaling-pathways-act-in-a-128aa2ri.png Fig. 5. Interleukin (IL)-28R signaling pathways act in a positive feedback loop to enhance induction of https://scispace.com/papers/stm-study-of-pulsed-laser-assisted-growth-of-ge-quantum-dot-1urqpz43bv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-stm-image-of-clean-si-1-0-0-2-x-1-surface-acquired-3ihs9h4t.png Fig. 1. STM image of clean Si(1 0 0)-(2 × 1) surface acquired over 10 × 10 nm2 area. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-stm-image-over-500-x-500-nm2-area-deposited-at-250-c-a-28i5nl7h.png Fig. 2. STM image over 500 × 500 nm2 area deposited at 250 ◦C. (a) Two-dimensional image; (b) three dimensional image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-stm-image-of-ge-islands-inside-over-an-area-of-500-x-3ba5lb68.png Fig. 5. STM image of Ge islands inside over an area of 500 × 500 nm2 when laser energy densities of (a) 25 mJ/cm2, (b) 50 mJ/cm2, (c) 75 mJ/cm2 and (d) 100 mJ/cm2 are used for excitation. The inset shows the predominant shape of islands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-dependence-of-the-size-the-major-length-of-islands-2jtyfdb1.png Fig. 6. The dependence of the size the major length of islands on the excitation laser energy density. Deposition was performed at 250 ◦C, while STM observation was conducted at room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-size-distribution-of-the-major-length-of-islands-2h6ho50l.png Fig. 4. The size distribution of the major length of islands for 6 ML Ge coverage. The excitation laser energy density is 75 mJ/cm2 while ablation laser energy density is 8 J/cm2. Deposition was performed at 250 ◦C. STM observation conducted at room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ge-coverage-on-si-1-0-0-at-a-2-ml-b-4-ml-c-5-ml-and-d-1j5hr3gd.png Fig. 3. Ge coverage on Si(1 0 0) at (a) 2 ML, (b) 4 ML, (c) 5 ML and (d) 6 ML when 75 mJ/cm2 excitation laser energy density was used. (All images are 500 × 500 nm2). Deposition was performed at 250 ◦C. STM observation conducted at room temperature. The color scale bar at the side of each image represents the height in nm. The arrow in (a) points to a Ge cluster on top of a wetting layer 2D patch. https://scispace.com/papers/sto-vs-ico-a-theory-of-token-issues-under-moral-hazard-and-48hhzcuuap 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-sequence-of-events-for-utility-tokens-2apvtt6j.png Figure 1. The sequence of events for utility tokens. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-estimated-difference-of-firm-values-under-ico-26u2egv7.png Table 1. The estimated difference of firm values under ICO and STO under moral hazard (values are in millions). (a) The firm value under ICO; (b) The firm value under STO; (c) The difference between firm value under ICO and STO. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-sequence-of-events-with-moral-hazard-and-market-3ke4roa6.png Figure 4. The sequence of events with moral hazard and market uncertainty for security tokens. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-sequence-of-events-for-security-tokens-361cmylw.png Figure 2. The sequence of events for security tokens. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-sequence-of-events-with-moral-hazard-and-market-1iylinr5.png Figure 5. The sequence of events with moral hazard and market uncertainty for utility tokens with profit rights. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-sequence-of-events-with-moral-hazard-and-market-35hw2dsl.png Figure 3. The sequence of events with moral hazard and market uncertainty for utility tokens. https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-analysis-of-multiconductor-cables-and-4ke8dugivg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-application-test-structure-80-cm-long-commercial-flex-393vfw4s.png Fig. 6. Application test structure: 80 cm long commercial flex cable (.050” High Flex Life Cable, 28 AWG Standard, PVC, 9-wire configuration). RS = 50 Ω, dw = 15 mils, dc = 35 mils. The nominal value of the distance between adjacent wires ( e.g., d34 and d45) is 50 mils. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-probability-density-function-of-h-jo-for-the-example-17ahloym.png Fig. 8. Probability density function of |H(jω)| for the example of this study, computed at different frequencies. Of the two distributions, the one marked MC refers to 40000 MC simulations, and the one marked PC refers to the response obtained via third order polynomial chaos expansion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-bode-plots-magnitude-of-the-near-end-crosstalk-3b4ucelv.png Fig. 7. Bode plots (magnitude) of the near-end crosstalk transfer function H(jω) of the example test case (see text for details). Solid black thick line: deterministic response; solid black thin lines: 3σ tolerance interval of the third order polynomial chaos expansion; gray lines: a sample of responses obtained by means of the MC method (limited to 100 curves, for graph readability). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-cpu-time-required-by-the-simulation-of-the-setup-8xqqtis7.png TABLE III CPU TIME REQUIRED BY THE SIMULATION OF THE SETUP OF FIG. 6 (FOR A SINGLE FREQUENCY SAMPLE) BY THE MC AND THE PROPOSED PC-BASED METHODS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-nonlinear-function-y-ln-1-x-4-of-a-random-variable-of-3pndvl2x.png Fig. 1. Nonlinear function y = ln(1 + ξ/4) of a random variable of known probability distribution (top left panel) and its corresponding probability density function fy(y) (right panel). The probability function fξ(ξ) of the Gaussian random variable ξ is reported in the bottom panel. The curves marked “exact” are the reference curves; The other curves refer to the prediction obtained with a first and a third order polynomial chaos expansion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-legendre-polynomials-for-the-case-of-two-1kwkrmd0.png TABLE II LEGENDRE POLYNOMIALS FOR THE CASE OF TWO INDEPENDENT RANDOM VARIABLES (n = 2, ξ = [ξ1, ξ2]T ) AND A THIRD ORDER EXPANSION (p = 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-legendre-polynomial-chaos-definitions-and-properties-6oi15giz.png TABLE I LEGENDRE POLYNOMIAL CHAOS DEFINITIONS AND PROPERTIES. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cross-section-of-two-coupled-lines-whose-height-above-2wzk5d41.png Fig. 2. Cross-section of two coupled lines, whose height above ground and wire separation are uncertain parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-and-deterministic-state-dependent-social-networks-2amecerbqw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-network-generated-for-each-definition-using-e-1-and-x1-mauecj8q.png Fig. 1: Network generated for each definition using η = 1 and x1 = 1, x2 = 2, x3 = 3, x4 = 3 and x5 = 4. https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-convergence-in-per-capita-energy-consumption-and-1asrw12ve4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sample-classifications-based-on-income-levels-123rc637.png Table 2: Sample classifications based on income levels https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-results-for-rals-lm-unit-root-tests-with-no-breaks-2qaew771.png Table 11: Results for RALS-LM unit root tests with no breaks, one break or two breaks https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-relative-per-capita-energy-954rljzo.png Table 3: Descriptive statistics of relative per capita energy consumption (kg of oil equivalent per capita) for different economies in Africa https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-panel-kpss-test-with-multiple-structural-breaks-1jw7t2kn.png Table 7: Panel KPSS test with multiple structural breaks https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-pesaran-2007-cips-panel-unit-root-test-results-2oszulnc.png Table 6: Pesaran (2007) CIPS panel unit root test results https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-results-for-the-individual-african-countries-from-6p5mts85.png Table 9: Results for the individual African countries from panel KPSS test with multiple breaks https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cross-section-correlation-of-the-errors-in-the-adf-p-1z7fy9kz.png Table 5: Cross-section correlation of the errors in the ADF(p) regression https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-perron-and-yabu-2009-and-kejriwal-and-perron-2010-2eem34ai.png Table 10: Perron and Yabu (2009) and Kejriwal and Perron (2010) tests results https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-control-of-smart-home-energy-management-with-plug-745kyf051p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-smart-home-with-pev-energy-storage-and-pv-1xfta722.png Fig. 1. Structure of smart home with PEV energy storage and PV power supply. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-from-2015-03-23-mon-to-2015-03-27-fri-3edcrq9k.png Fig. 6. From 2015-03-23 (Mon) to 2015-03-27 (Fri). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-statistical-hourly-power-kw-data-for-grid-power-pv-26o2kgbl.png Fig. 2. Statistical hourly power (kW) data for Grid power, PV power supply, PEV battery charger power, and home load demand on each day (blue) and average (red). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-trip-time-and-plugging-in-pev-energy-1py31yxu.png Fig. 3. Trip time and plugging-in PEV energy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-block-diagram-of-stochastic-controller-2i2ws98m.png Fig. 5. Block diagram of stochastic controller. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-statistical-hourly-power-kw-data-for-home-load-demand-1arfweks.png Fig. 8. Statistical hourly power (kW) data for home load demand, PV power supply, and Grid power on each day (blue) and average (red). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-forecast-result-2eyp01ai.png Fig. 4. Forecast result. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-simulation-results-for-nissan-leaf-1le7yvnh.png Fig. 7. Simulation results for Nissan Leaf. https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-devaluation-risk-and-the-empirical-fit-of-target-3xebe1s02c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-6-and-6-2hl7azdt.png Figure 4.2 6 and 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-c-g-and-f-o-10yg87g4.png Figure 4.c ,g) and (f,O) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-30-g-and-o-0-2jezgn87.png Figure 4.30 (,g) and ,O)0 https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-data-in-astronomy-ii-search-for-harmonic-e5v1ge11op 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-fourier-power-spectra-of-the-variations-in-the-hb-line-37awwg1i.png Fig. 7. Fourier power spectra of the variations in the Hβ line profiles in the spectrum of δ Ori A for significance levels q= 10-2-10-7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-reliability-plots-for-determining-the-parameters-n-and-2sfepvvi.png Fig. 4. Reliability plots for determining the parameters ν and ϕ by analyzing short time series. Charts A (upper row), B (middle row), and C (bottom row). In each row the left chart corresponds to a time series of N = 40 uniformly distributed time readouts with d0030.T =∆ ( -1d38.min =ν ), the center chart, to N = 80 ( -1d24.min =ν ), and the right chart, to N = 160 ( -1d12.min =ν ). The charts have been constructed for a level of significance q = 10-7 and A/N = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dynamic-spectra-of-the-variations-in-the-hb-line-ifcetaqm.png Fig. 6. Dynamic spectra of the variations in the Hβ line profile in the spectrum of δ Ori A. (Left) unsmoothed variations in the profiles, (center) smoothed with a gaussian filter of width 0.1 Å, and (right) with a width of 0.2 Å. The interval between successive spectra was 4 min. The time axis (hours) is directed upward and the radial velocities are in km/s. The dark regions in the figures correspond to less bright portions compared to the average profile (valleys) and light regions, to brighter portions (humps). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-periodograms-fourier-power-spectra-of-model-time-34h1iev0.png Fig. 1. Periodograms (Fourier power spectra) of model time series with frequency https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-comparison-of-the-original-time-series-of-the-15ybm2d3.png Fig. 8. A comparison of the original time series of the variations in the Hα line profile in the spectrum of δ Ori A (January 10/11, 2004) with the reconstructed series obtained using the found parameters of the harmonic component and 4=U in the range of Doppler shifts V = -142.5 to -135 km/s from the line center. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-comparison-of-the-model-series-without-a-ff82oa9d.png Fig. 2. A comparison of the model series (without a contribution from a noise component N) and the series recovered from the first 40 (left) and 80 (right) points of the model with A/N = 5 over a time interval T = 1.1 d. The parameters of the model series are given in the caption to Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-reliability-plots-for-determining-the-parameters-n-and-16xyqrhr.png Fig. 5. Reliability plots for determining the parameters ν and ϕ for series with a large gap T gap = 3 d. Charts A (upper row), B (middle row), and C (bottom row). In each row the left chart corresponds to a time series of N = 40+40 uniformly distributed time readouts with d0030.T =∆ , separated by a gap T gap , the center chart, to N = 80 + 80, and the right chart, to N = 160 + 160. q = 10-7 and A/N = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-same-as-fig-1-but-for-two-sequences-m-2-of-time-points-2k03k53o.png Fig. 3. Same as Fig. 1, but for two sequences (m = 2) of time points with N = 40, separated by intervals of d5=∆T and d324.T =∆ . https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-efficiency-of-bayesian-markov-chain-monte-carlo-4ggdjml4uu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-first-10-000-iterations-of-the-southern-8i59r693.png Figure 9: The first 10, 000 iterations of the southern counties colrectal cancer screening model, symbolized in the same way as Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-traces-red-posterior-medians-solid-black-and-95-12zpcvs9.png Figure 6: Traces (red), posterior medians (solid black), and 95% highest posterior density intervals (dashed black) for the first 10, 000 iterations of the Baltimore test case on left. On the right, the running 95% HPDI width is plotted in black, and the dotted red line is the long-run 95% HPDI width. Critically, since Slice and MH samplers take much more than 10, 000 iterations, this long-run estimate reflects the width of the 95% HPDI in total, not just the estimate at the end of 10, 000 iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-first-10000-iterations-of-the-baltimore-hedonic-3421us6v.png Figure 7: The first 10,000 iterations of the Baltimore hedonic house price model, symbolized in the same way as Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-traces-for-the-spatial-parameter-in-the-synthetic-17nlnfxr.png Figure 4: Traces for the spatial parameter in the synthetic model for Southern U.S. Counties. The red vertical bar marks the expected time to take 1000 effective samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-traces-for-the-spatial-parameter-in-the-hedonic-b5iv06p5.png Figure 3: Traces for the spatial parameter in the hedonic model for house prices in Baltimore. Due to this case’s low yields, the red vertical bar marks the expected time to take 100 effective samples instead of 1000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-first-10-000-iterations-of-the-southern-2honsmff.png Figure 8: The first 10, 000 iterations of the southern counties test case, symbolized in the same way as Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-slice-sampling-in-two-frames-on-left-the-vertical-23x8fjap.png Figure 1: Slice sampling in two frames. On left, the vertical dotted line is the previous draw’s value, η0 = .7. The horizontal dashed line is the level set at a randomly-chosen height from, h = 1.5, and the star, η1 = .34, is a draw made uniformly from the slice. In the next iteration, a level set is constructed at a new random h = .45 from under f(η1), and a new η3 sampled from this set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-traces-for-the-spatial-parameter-in-the-colorectal-fvd3xf2l.png Figure 5: Traces for the spatial parameter in the colorectal cancer screening model for Southern U.S. Counties. The red vertical bar marks the expected time to take 1000 effective samples. https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-energy-market-equilibrium-modeling-with-multiple-2h163xbmv9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definition-of-scenarios-and-sources-of-uncertainty-5chp2aau.png Table 1 Definition of scenarios and sources of uncertainty.* https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-price-of-electricity-us-dollar-per-mwh-price-of-223n16ie.png Table 4 Price of electricity (US dollar per MWh), price of steam coal (US dollar per toe), supply of old and new coal power (TWh) by scenario. Stochastic equilibrium and Complete Monte Carlo Simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-coefficient-of-variation-of-energy-prices-the-1onjiiiy.png Table 3 Coefficient of variation of energy prices. The stochastic equilibrium. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-investments-in-transmission-capacity-and-in-2866cf78.png Table 2. Investments in transmission capacity and in electricity production capacity. https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-feedback-control-of-quantum-transport-to-realize-4ipxva6bwq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-bloch-representation-of-tses-the-top-row-1lr543bg.png FIG. 3. (Color online). Bloch representation of TSEs. The top row shows, for γR = 3, Tc = 1, Bloch vectors of two-state hopping for three different probabilities defining the stochastic feedback: (a) ℘+ = 0.8, ℘− = 0.2, (b) ℘+ = 0.5, ℘− = 0.5, and (c) ℘+ = 0.2, ℘− = 0.8. Blue arrows (dark arrows in the azimuthal plane) represent the state vectors of the TSE with associated probabilities p` Eq. (10), indicated by the volume of the sphere at the tip of each vector. The steady state ~rss is depicted by a red arrow. In this regime, the probabilities ℘` are equal to the probabilities p` that the system is found in a particular state of the TSE. The bottom row shows TSEs for γR = 5, Tc = 1 for the same control probabilities as in the top row. Here, in contrast, in addition to the eigenvectors of the effective Hamiltonian Ĥ ′, shown by blue arrows (dark arrows in the polar plane), an infinite number of other two-state TSEs exist. The solid green circle depicts the locus of them. By comparing this circle in (d), (e), and (f) it is clear that increasing ℘+ shrinks its radius such that at ℘+ = 1 it eventually collapses to a single point. In (f) we plot the states of two other TSEs each corresponding to a real eigenvector of A shown in light brown (in the azimuthal plane) and cyan (dark arrows in the polar plane). In the bottom row, ℘` and p` are entirely different because the latter is a function of the lifetimes of states in the right dot, Eq. (??). https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-extended-lqr-optimization-based-motion-planning-3rdvvp4m7g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-selqr-trajectories-for-a-quadrotor-in-an-8-19z8obdn.png Fig. 3. SELQR trajectories for a quadrotor in an 8 cylindirical obstacle environment. https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-framework-for-modeling-the-linear-apparent-2yggv39f5g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-one-realization-of-the-random-porous-material-in-2irm49w9.png Figure 1: One realization of the random porous material in meshed view (left) and associated random field {C11(x),x ∈ Ω} in GPa (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-graph-of-n-7-convmean-n-right-graph-of-n-7-2hnhh1fb.png Figure 2: Left: graph of n 7→ ConvMEAN(n). Right: graph of n 7→ Conv(n) for an arbitrary value of Lagrange multipliers λ1, λ2 and λ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-graphs-of-the-probability-density-functions-of-c23-1phzxj7j.png Figure 6: Graphs of the probability density functions of C23 (left) and C33 (right): experimental data (thin line) and simulated data (thick line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-graphs-of-the-probability-density-functions-of-c11-k21ssuxz.png Figure 4: Graphs of the probability density functions of C11 (left) and C12 (right): experimental data (thin line) and simulated data (thick line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-graphs-of-the-probability-density-functions-of-c22-3llk1n4s.png Figure 5: Graphs of the probability density functions of C22 (left) and C13 (right): experimental data (thin line) and simulated data (thick line). https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-geometry-based-analysis-of-leo-satellite-2lnup6rjsa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-system-parameters-12kgbb3b.png TABLE II SYSTEM PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-coverage-probability-versus-density-of-ppp-for-gws-lgw-28gh22z4.png Fig. 4. Coverage probability versus density of PPP for GWs, λGW https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-coverage-probability-versus-threshold-gth-1ojvq3cq.png Fig. 3. Coverage probability versus threshold, γth https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-flow-approach-to-model-the-mean-velocity-profile-2n2c6rs5f8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-velocity-profiles-for-the-turbulent-boundary-layer-at-1wknntzr.png FIG. 1. Velocity profiles for the turbulent boundary layer at Reτ = 1306. The green curve corresponds to the reference data. The blue dot lines show the classic laws (linear then logarithmic), and the red dots correspond to the profile of the model under location uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-velocity-profiles-for-the-turbulent-boundary-layer-at-3fuq638s.png FIG. 3. Velocity profiles for the turbulent boundary layer at Reτ = 1709. The green curve corresponds to the reference data. The blue dot lines show the classic laws (linear then logarithmic), and the red dots correspond to the profile of the model under location uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-velocity-profiles-for-the-turbulent-boundary-layer-at-27tw81g0.png FIG. 2. Velocity profiles for the turbulent boundary layer at Reτ = 1437. The green curve corresponds to the reference data. The blue dot lines show the classic laws (linear then logarithmic), and the red dots correspond, to the profile of the model under location uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-velocity-profiles-for-the-turbulent-boundary-layer-at-xehi37wk.png FIG. 4. Velocity profiles for the turbulent boundary layer at Reτ = 1989. The green curve corresponds to the reference data. The blue dot lines show the classic laws (linear then logarithmic), and the red dots correspond to the profile of the model under location uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-velocity-profiles-for-the-pipe-flow-at-ret-180-the-3d0b53ep.png FIG. 5. Velocity profiles for the pipe flow at Reτ = 180. The green curve corresponds to the reference data. The blue dot lines show the classic laws (linear then logarithmic), and the red dots correspond to the profile of the model under location uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-velocity-profiles-for-the-pipe-flow-at-ret-1000-the-3dxpzo8q.png FIG. 8. Velocity profiles for the pipe flow at Reτ = 1000. The green curve corresponds to the reference data. The blue dot lines show the classic laws (linear then logarithmic), and the red dots correspond to the profile of the model under location uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-velocity-profiles-for-the-pipe-flow-at-ret-360-the-6bh8nwf1.png FIG. 6. Velocity profiles for the pipe flow at Reτ = 360. The green curve corresponds to the reference data. The blue dot lines show the classic laws (linear then logarithmic), and the red dots correspond to the profile of the model under location uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-velocity-profiles-for-the-pipe-flow-at-ret-550-the-trvoolfa.png FIG. 7. Velocity profiles for the pipe flow at Reτ = 550. The green curve corresponds to the reference data. The blue dot lines show the classic laws (linear then logarithmic), and the red dots correspond to the profile of the model under location uncertainty. https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-growth-in-the-united-states-and-euro-area-1y64oz1zhq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-maximum-likelihood-estimates-and-standard-errors-ajri57r7.png Table 1. Maximum Likelihood Estimates and Standard Errors https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-business-cycle-volatilities-and-co-movements-h6l7fznm.png Table 2. Business Cycle Volatilities and Co-Movements https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-gradient-boosting-classification-trees-for-forest-1r69h4ft96 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-values-with-standard-deviations-of-the-31-als-b1k3p319.png Fig. 4. Average values with standard deviations of the 31 ALS-based and 4 IRS predictors for the nine fuel types. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-the-study-sites-on-the-basis-of-the-fuel-dsp1gl1q.png Fig. 1. Location of the study sites on the basis of the fuel types map (the system of nomenclature is in Table 1). Area 1 is smaller on south west, Area 2 is larger on north east. On the bottom left part the study areas over the IRS LISS-III imagery. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-omission-a-above-and-commission-errors-b-below-for-the-qmyradvx.png Fig. 5. Omission (A, above) and commission errors (B, below) for the three tested classification algorithms for the nine fuel types. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relevance-of-the-als-based-metrics-in-the-different-urup2cvx.png Table 3 Relevance of the ALS-based metrics in the different models tested. Metrics are ranked top to down on the basis of the SGB relevance. The description of the metrics is in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fuel-characteristics-of-the-fuel-types-mapped-in-x6q2v99y.png Table 1 Fuel characteristics of the fuel types mapped in Sicily. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-frequency-distributions-of-fuel-types-in-the-study-2wc119xz.png Fig. 3. Frequency distributions of fuel types in the study areas. Nomenclature of fuel types is reported in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-the-sampling-design-adopted-on-the-basis-of-1sfhyr8s.png Fig. 2. Example of the sampling design adopted on the basis of the fuel type map (colors refer to the legend in Fig. 1 and labels to Table 1) and the digital orthophoto originally used for its delineation. Sampling points (in yellow) inside systematic squares of 100 m × 100 m (in gray). Around each sampling point one squared plot 3 t o https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-hyperelastic-constitutive-laws-and-identification-5969rs1wpn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graph-of-u-thn-spuq-kpa-and-u-thn-sspuq-kpa-for-nnbmmufl.png Figure 1: Graph of υ ÞÑ Σpυq (kPa) and υ ÞÑ ςΣpυq (kPa) for gray matter tissues in unconfined compression at 9ε “ 0.5 s´1. Black lines: experimental data extracted from [17]. Red lines: calibrated stochastic model. Yellow area: 95% confidence region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-graph-of-u-thn-spuq-kpa-and-u-thn-sspuq-kpa-for-39amw1jo.png Figure 4: Graph of υ ÞÑ Σpυq (kPa) and υ ÞÑ ςΣpυq (kPa) for white matter tissues in unconfined compression at 9ε “ 5 s´1. Black lines: experimental data extracted from [17]. Red lines: calibrated stochastic model. Yellow area: 95% confidence region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-graph-of-u-thn-spuq-kpa-and-u-thn-sspuq-kpa-for-2hd346wy.png Figure 3: Graph of υ ÞÑ Σpυq (kPa) and υ ÞÑ ςΣpυq (kPa) for white matter tissues in unconfined compression at 9ε “ 0.5 s´1. Black lines: experimental data extracted from [17]. Red lines: calibrated stochastic model. Yellow area: 95% confidence region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graph-of-u-thn-spuq-kpa-and-u-thn-sspuq-kpa-for-2jue4yb8.png Figure 2: Graph of υ ÞÑ Σpυq (kPa) and υ ÞÑ ςΣpυq (kPa) for gray matter tissues in unconfined compression at 9ε “ 5 s´1. Black lines: experimental data extracted from [17]. Red lines: calibrated stochastic model. Yellow area: 95% confidence region. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calibrated-parameters-gray-matter-in-compression-hl3ysy5j.png Table 1: calibrated parameters (gray matter in compression). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-calibrated-parameters-white-matter-in-compression-3o0y4grz.png Table 2: calibrated parameters (white matter in compression). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-calibrated-parameters-spinal-white-matter-in-1mkbl8io.png Table 4: calibrated parameters (spinal white matter in compression). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-graph-of-u-thn-spuq-kpa-and-u-thn-sspuq-kpa-for-1p0v8qb0.png Figure 5: Graph of υ ÞÑ Σpυq (kPa) and υ ÞÑ ςΣpυq (kPa) for liver tissues in uniaxial compression at 9ε “ 0.01 s´1. Black lines: experimental data extracted from [34]. Red lines: calibrated stochastic model. Yellow area: 95% confidence region. https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-hydroelastic-analysis-of-pontoon-type-very-large-3jf1r4yppr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-standard-deviation-of-yq-for-different-mean-wave-30njoqfc.png Figure 10. Standard deviation of yQ for different mean wave angles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-expected-maximum-of-response-quantities-predicted-1n16g245.png Figure 11. Expected maximum of response quantities predicted by the Vanmarcke approximation for a 2 hours period for 0 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-maximum-value-of-extremes-of-stress-resultants-in-2n20scx5.png Figure 12. Maximum value of extremes of stress resultants in terms of the mean wave angle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-standard-deviation-of-xxm-for-different-mean-wave-3cn3xazu.png Figure 6. Standard deviation of xxM for different mean wave angles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-standard-deviation-of-yym-for-different-mean-wave-1z6h7hvy.png Figure 7. Standard deviation of yyM for different mean wave angles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-coupled-plate-water-problem-a-2irrjyjk.png Figure 1. Schematic diagram of coupled plate–water problem (a) plan view (b) side view https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plot-of-the-applied-directional-wave-spectrum-for-0-14lwekbb.png Figure 3. Plot of the applied directional wave spectrum for 0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-standard-deviation-of-xym-for-different-mean-wave-1l47ywuv.png Figure 8. Standard deviation of xyM for different mean wave angles https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-inversion-of-electrical-resistivity-changes-using-krbx5pi4ii 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cluster-frequencies-207epdv2.png Table 1: Cluster frequencies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-resistivity-model-frequencies-3eoycadx.png Table 2: Resistivity model frequencies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematically-shows-the-sector-of-model-space-2r4fj7d7.png Figure 3 schematically shows the sector of model space included in the posterior distribution. Each grid node represents one resistivity model. Each hill represents a cluster of resistivity models having similar properties. Multiple peaks indicate that the MCMC inversion has produced non-unique results. The taller peaks identify regions containing models that are most consistent (i.e., most probable) with the observed data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-models-generated-by-the-base-dm4eoftm.png Figure 2. Examples of models generated by the base representation algorithm. A model consists of sub-volumes that can have varying size, shape and resistivity values. The top row models show that some of the sub-volumes can be separate from other subvolumes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-shows-a-schematic-layout-of-the-leaking-tank-site-1f57modn.png Figure 7 shows a schematic layout of the leaking tank site. Hypersaline brine solution was released from a point near the center of the tank’s bottom. Sixteen vertical arrays of electrodes were used to monitor the infiltration process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-presents-clustering-analysis-results-for-the-case-3i6sgo9d.png Figure 6 presents clustering analysis results for the case of the sand-lead target. The 3D block shown corresponds to the volume enclosed by the dashed lines in Figure 5. The top left frame shows a vertical slice through the target. The vertical slices were placed where the maximum resistivity ratio is observed. The right frame shows the voxel-wise average resistivity obtained when a uni-modal posterior distribution is assumed. The bottom frames shows the average resistivity ratio obtained when a multi-modal distribution is assumed. The three most probable clusters and their corresponding frequencies are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-displays-clustering-analysis-results-corresponding-2wvh1ss6.png Figure 8 displays clustering analysis results corresponding to the brine release experiment. The 3D block shown here corresponds to the 3D block located beneath the tank in Figure 7. The left column of frames show the voxel-wise average resistivity ratio for the top three most probable clusters. The right column of frames shows the center state for the three most probable clusters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-mcmc-inversion-process-the-287d4okw.png Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the MCMC inversion process. The key differences between this approach and deterministic inversion are steps B (randomly propose inversion models) and E, F (control how the model is updated). https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-modelling-and-prediction-of-fatigue-crack-1v8lcpjxcx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-of-parameters-m-and-log-c-for-the-first-2ybak4if.png Table 1: Statistics of parameters m and log(C) for the first and second regimes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-normalised-distance-d-and-crack-location-at-the-end-36lqbyto.png Table 3: Normalised distance D and crack location at the end of the propagation d160 for the different types of crack. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-first-top-and-second-bottom-steps-of-the-updating-q0w8ww0k.png Figure 9: First (top) and second (bottom) steps of the updating method. Experimental measurements (` = 10) are drawn with black points and solid lines indicate the r = 4 nearest theoretical curves among the 2p = 10 possible paths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-three-experimental-propagations-with-the-extreme-3ruaorva.png Figure 10: Three experimental propagations with the extreme curves of their prediction bundle obtained from the ` = 10 first measures: rapid cracks with D = 0 and D = 0.2 and slow crack with D = 11.6 (from top to bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-experimental-solid-line-and-theoretical-dashed-line-h9iljcqg.png Figure 5: Experimental (solid line) and theoretical (dashed line) curves for the worst (left) and the best (right) fitted propagation length curves. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-end-of-propagation-for-three-different-experimental-lwrlw8gh.png Figure 6: End of propagation for three different experimental cracks and fitting by regime-switching models with Paris or Forman law for the second regime. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistics-about-the-crack-length-at-the-jump-time-ojj7gz1u.png Table 2: Statistics about the crack length at the jump time, the transition time and the corresponding stress intensity factor range. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-linear-relationship-between-the-material-parameters-2xwyiwnc.png Figure 7: Linear relationship between the material parameters m and log(C) in the Paris-Forman fitting in the first (top, R2 = 0.997) and second (bottom, R2 = 0.819) regimes. https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-neural-field-model-of-stimulus-dependent-1rj0uxvipm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-plot-of-normalized-variance-var-u-a2-for-u-a-cos-th-8sy1d7ej.png Fig 4. (a) Plot of normalized variance var(U)/A2 for U = A cos(θ) as a function of θ for a single ring network and various κ. In the spontaneous case (κ = 0) the variance is uniformly distributed around the ring (ignoring transients). The presence of a stimulus (κ> 0) suppresses the overall level of noise and the variance exhibits a bimodal tuning curve. (b) Plot of variance in firing rates var(f(U) (in units of f 2 0 ) as a function of θ for a single ring network and various κ. f is given by the sigmoid function (2) with γ = 4 and η = 0.5. The corresponding amplitude A� 1.85. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-coupled-ring-network-model-a-a-amplitude-of-normalized-1c022r6u.png Fig 5. Coupled ring network (model A). (a) Amplitude of normalized mean tuning curve (36) as a function of the input parameter κ = κ1 = κ2 for various coupling strengths: χ = 0, 1, 5. (b) Corresponding maximum (θ = π/2) and minimum (θ = 0) normalized variances (37) as a function of the input parameter κ for coupling strengths χ = 0, 5. (c) Plot of correlation tuning curve (39) between cells with the same direction preference but located in different layers. Here κ = κ1 = κ2 and χ = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-coupled-ring-models-a-model-a-consists-of-two-ring-24ma6fq9.png Fig 1. Coupled ring models. (a) Model A consists of two ring networks that are located in two vertically separated cortical layers and interact via interlaminar connections. (b) Model B consists of two ring networks that are located in the same cortical layer and interact via intralaminar horizontal connections. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-graphical-solution-of-the-bump-amplitude-eq-50-for-j-1-yxliketj.png Fig 8. Graphical solution of the bump amplitude Eq (50) for �J ¼ 1 and η = 0.5. At intermediate gains (γ = 4) the zero solution is unstable and there exists a single stable bump. In the high gain limit (γ = 20) the zero solution is stable, and coexists with a small amplitude unstable bump and a large amplitude stable bump. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-stimulus-dependent-wandering-of-a-bump-in-a-single-2gbnre1z.png Fig 2. Stimulus-dependent wandering of a bump in a single stochastic ring network. (a, b) Direction-time plots of a wandering bump with brightness indicating the amplitude. Overlaid lines represent the trajectory of the center-ofmass or phase of the bump, β(t). (a) In the absence of an external stimulus (�h ¼ 0), the center-of-mass of the bump executes diffusive-like motion on the ring. (b) The presence of a weakly biased external stimulus (�h ¼ 2) significantly suppresses fluctuations, localizing the bump to the stimulus direction �y ¼ 0. (c, d) Corresponding snapshots of bump profiles at different times (t = 100, 300, 600, 900). (c) For no external stimulus the bumps are distributed at different positions around the ring and vary in amplitude. (d) In the presence of a stimulus the bumps are localized around zero and have similar amplitudes. Parameters are threshold η = 0.5, gain γ = 4, synaptic weight �J ¼ 1, correlation parameters a = 3, b = 0.5 and � = 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-coupled-ring-network-model-b-with-inhibitory-va94y1jw.png Fig 7. Coupled ring network (model B) with inhibitory intralaminar connections. (a) Plot of the potential function ϕ(β) for threshold η = 0.5 and gain η = 4. The solid curve is an approximation based on a fitted von Mises distribution ϕ(β)� 12M(β; 0, 0.6) − 0.9. (b) Plot of normalized mean hUi/A of ring network 1 (center mean) as a function of the directional bias �y of the input to network 2 (surround bias) for various coupling parameters χ. (c) Corresponding plots of normalized variance var(U1)/A2 of ring network 1 (center variance) as a function of the surround bias for various coupling parameters χ. Stimuli to networks 1 and 2 are �h cos y and �h cosðy �yÞ, respectively, and we take κ = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sample-plots-of-the-von-mises-distribution-m-b-0-k-3fgvq9rp.png Fig 3. Sample plots of the von Mises distribution M(β, 0, κ) centered at zero for various values of κ. Inset: Plot of first circular moment I1(κ)/I0(κ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effects-of-interlaminar-connections-on-a-pair-of-cd3b5s6p.png Fig 6. Effects of interlaminar connections on a pair of wandering bumps (model A). Overlaid lines represent the trajectories of the center-of-mass or phase of the bumps, β1(t) and β2(t). (a, b) Plots of wandering bump in network 1 for zero ( �K ¼ 0) and nonzero ( �K ¼ 2) interlaminar connections, respectively. (c, d) Analogous plots for network 2. The two networks are taken to be identical with the same parameters as Fig 2 except �h ¼ 0:2. (e-h) Same as Fig. 6 except that �h1 ¼ 2:0, �h2 ¼ 0:25 and �K ¼ 0:1 in (b, d). https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-optimization-model-to-study-the-operational-38tnnnllnd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-demand-for-replacement-reserves-dependent-on-3eidxzgx.png Fig. 4. Average demand for replacement reserves dependent on the forecast horizon for all portfolios given in MW. Demands for replacement reserves in portfolios P2, P3 and P4 are very similar due to the same wind power capacity considered. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-shows-the-yearly-electricity-production-by-fuel-type-163hpuqg.png Fig. 5 shows the yearly electricity production by fuel type for the All Island power system. Generally, the bigger part of the electricity production in the All Island power system from conventional power plants is borne by coal fired plants and CCGTs. This is also reflected in comparable high capacity factors of these units. As expected P4 has a high production on coal compared to P2 and P3, and P3 has a relatively high production from OCGTs and ADGTs using mid-merit-gas. P2 has higher production on base-load-gas than P3 and P4 due to less coal than P4 and more CCGTs than P3. OCGTs and ADGTs generally show a small contribution to the electricity production. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-yearly-electricity-production-distributed-on-fuel-type-32v81cow.png Fig. 5 shows the yearly electricity production by fuel type for the All Island power system. Generally, the bigger part of the electricity production in the All Island power system from conventional power plants is borne by coal fired plants and CCGTs. This is also reflected in comparable high capacity factors of these units. As expected P4 has a high production on coal compared to P2 and P3, and P3 has a relatively high production from OCGTs and ADGTs using mid-merit-gas. P2 has higher production on base-load-gas than P3 and P4 due to less coal than P4 and more CCGTs than P3. OCGTs and ADGTs generally show a small contribution to the electricity production. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-average-yearly-number-of-start-ups-for-new-ccgts-and-pkirx2qf.png Fig. 7. Average yearly number of start-ups for new CCGTs and coal units in P1-P5. P3 does not have new CCGTs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-installed-capacities-of-power-plants-mw-in-each-16otxzh3.png TABLE I INSTALLED CAPACITIES OF POWER PLANTS [MW] IN EACH PORTFOLIO. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-renewable-energy-production-operational-costs-and-1x2afpvy.png TABLE VI RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION, OPERATIONAL COSTS AND CO2 EMISSIONS IN EACH PORTFOLIO FOR ALL ISLAND. COSTS AND CO2 EMISSIONS RELATIVE TO P1 SHOWN IN PARANTHESIS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-number-of-hours-with-wind-power-providing-3u41dnct.png TABLE VIII NUMBER OF HOURS WITH WIND POWER PROVIDING SPINNING RESERVE AND THE AVERAGE PROVISION OF SPINNING RESERVE FROM WIND POWER. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-number-of-hours-where-load-demand-for-spinning-2a5y5y94.png TABLE VII NUMBER OF HOURS WHERE LOAD, DEMAND FOR SPINNING RESERVE AND REPLACEMENT RESERVES ARE NOT MET. https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-precession-of-the-polarization-in-a-polariton-287rkfw38r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-second-order-correlation-function-of-the-total-3hrz46db.png FIG. 3. (a) Second-order correlation function of the total polariton emission at tmax as a function of the delay τ [g (2) total(tmax,τ )] measured at P = 5Pth in the micropillar. (b) Zero-delay autocorrelation function g(2)total(t,0) (dots) as a function of time after arrival of the excitation pulse at P = 5Pth. The solid line shows the emitted intensity as a function of time. (c), (d) Zero-delay autocorrelation function g(2)total(t,0) at tmax as a function of excitation density for the micropillar (a) and the planar microcavity (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-c-polarization-resolved-autocorrelation-g-2-xx-tmax-3r45kc3w.png FIG. 5. (a)–(c) Polarization resolved autocorrelation g(2)XX(tmax,τ ) measured for the micropillar at P = 5Pth. The black diamonds show the autocorrelation of all the emitted photons (without any selection in polarization). (d)–(f) Autocorrelation g(2)XX(tmax,τ ) [red full circles, same data as in (a)–(c) for V , D, and L polarizations] and cross correlation g(2)XY (tmax,τ ) (blue open squares). (g)–(i) Corresponding Monte Carlo simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-c-polarization-selected-autocorrelation-g-2-xx-tmax-3fjy4gyw.png FIG. 6. (a)–(c) Polarization selected autocorrelation g(2)XX(tmax,τ ) for V , D, and L (red circles) and for H , A, and R (blue squares) for the planar microcavity emission at P = 1.5Pth. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-scheme-of-the-experimental-setup-streak-camera-w48b4d8w.png FIG. 1. (a) Scheme of the experimental setup, streak camera images integrated over 5 × 109 excitation pulses. (b) Emission measured as a function of time in the single-shot mode of the streak camera and the six Stokes parameters. (c) Scheme of the Poincaré sphere. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-photoluminescence-spectrum-of-the-micropillar-at-p-0-lqtn00zn.png FIG. 2. (a) Photoluminescence spectrum of the micropillar at P = 0.1Pth. (b) Polariton emission (S1) as a function of time for increasing excitation power. (c) Peak intensity (black squares) and peak energy of the polariton emission (blue diamonds) and of the photon emission (red circles) as a function of the excitation power. The vertical dashed lines stand for the two thresholds Pth = 16 μW and Pth = 0.8 mW. (d) Averaged vertical-horizontal degree of linear polarization as a function of time for the excitation powers shown in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-full-and-theoretical-stripped-values-of-12ku8e5d.png FIG. 4. Experimental (full) and theoretical (stripped) values of the autocorrelation function at τ = 0 in the horizontal-vertical (red), diagonal-antidiagonal (blue), and circular (green) polarizations of the pillar emission at P = 5Pth. Error bars are shown on top of each column. https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-representations-of-model-uncertainties-at-ecmwf-3k0156ad5l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distributions-of-parameters-and-variables-sampled-f9lsl6l6.png Figure 1. Distributions of parameters and variables sampled by SPP in the parametrizations of (a) turbulent diffusion and subgrid orographic drag, (b) convection, (c) cloud and large-scale precipitation and (d) radiation. The x-axis shows the ratio of the perturbed value ξj to the unperturbed value ξ̂j with the index j referring to the different parameters. The left tail of the distribution for convective momentum transport extends to negative values and is not shown. The realisations of different parameters are independent and have prescribed horizontal and temporal correlations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-global-mean-precipitation-p-minus-evaporation-e-in-30nb5ueo.png Figure 12. Global mean precipitation (P) minus evaporation (E) in mm d−1 for two different configurations of SPPT (a) default, (b) global fix of perturbed tendency. Ensemble mean (thin) and control forecast (thick line); average over 20 years of hindcasts, February start dates 1989–2008, CY41R1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-divergence-model-error-average-vertical-29kf4nmq.png Figure 10. Divergence model error average vertical correlations for (a) model error estimate from 12-hour ensemble forecasts perturbed with SKEB and SPPT and (b) a posteriori weak-constraint 4D-Var model error estimate. Contour interval is 0.1 for both figures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-latitude-model-level-section-of-zonal-mean-31y2h2wt.png Figure 8. Latitude model level section of zonal mean background error standard deviation for meridional wind (m s−1) estimated from four EDA experiments: Panel (a) shows the stdev of NoPert while the other panels show differences between the three experiments with a model error representation and NoPert. Average from 1 June to 11 July 2015. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-parameters-and-variables-perturbed-by-spp-in-the-18304vb0.png Table 2. The parameters and variables perturbed by SPP in the physical process parametrization schemes. https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-resonance-brownian-ratchets-and-the-fokker-planck-2am7cxlay8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-in-plot-a-we-see-how-the-mean-drift-velocity-varies-1viejeuh.png FIGURE 6. In plot (a) we see how the mean drift velocity varies as we vary the diffusion coefficient around a nominal value, D0 = 1.3×10−9m2s−1, in (b) we show the effective diffusion coefficient of the whole device and in (c) we see the normalized drift coefficient or “Péclet” numbers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-typical-time-slice-showing-p-z-t0-for-a-fixed-1imuh224.png FIGURE 2. A typical time-slice, showing p(z, t0) for a fixed value of time t0. The PDF is essentially Gaussian, multiplied by a modulating function, caused by the teeth of the ratchet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-parametric-relationship-between-the-diffusivity-or-1wifjjed.png FIGURE 5. Parametric relationship between the Diffusivity, or Fick’s law constant, D = D (2) and the probability current density, J. All other parameters are held constant; the feature size of the teeth was 2um, The temporal period of the ratchet was 1.5 ms, the voltage across each 2 µm tooth was 60 mV. This gives electric field strengths in a similar range to those used in commercial gel electrophoresis. The potential across each tooth is easily small enough to avoid electrolysis since the standard reduction potential of Na is much larger in magnitude, E 0 =−2.71 V [33]. The temporal duty cycle was held at a symmetrical 50%:50% and the spatial duty cycle was held at an asymmetrical 80%:20%. This breaking of symmetry is necessary to generate current in the ratchet. The only independent variable here is the diffusivity of the particle, D. The ratchet selects preferentially for particles with a certain range of diffusivity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-brownian-ratchet-requires-a-potential-part-a-10zzt48a.png FIGURE 1. The Brownian ratchet requires a potential, Part (a) shows the ratchet shaped potential. The Brownian ratchet requires at least two modes of operation. Part (b) shows the effect when the field is asserted. The charged Brownian particles accumulate near points of lowest electrical potential, such as pont “y.” Diffusion prevents the particles from all converging to the same point. This diffusion is the effect of numerous collisions with the particles that make up the surrounding medium. These collisions can also be regarded as noise. Brownian ratchets require the presence of noise. Part (c) shows the effect when the field is turned off and the system “relaxes” as the particles diffuse. The bulk of the distribution is near point “y” and the ratchet is asymmetrical so point “y” is closer to point “z” than it is to point “x.” This means that the current density, J2, past point “z” will be greater than the current density, J1, past point “x.” This inequality is the cause of the steady-state current in the ratchet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-finite-difference-simulation-of-a-brownian-3ra8raqz.png FIGURE 3. A finite-difference simulation of a Brownian ratchet, based on Parrondo’s games. z is space, t is time and p is probability density. The spatial period of this ratchet is L z = 2 µm. The temporal period of this ratchet is T0 = 1.5 ms. The physical constants are scaled for the diffusion of hydrated sodium ions in water. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-evolution-of-the-mean-of-the-distribution-p-z-2zi9zi43.png FIGURE 4. Time-evolution of the mean of the distribution P(z, t), called E[z]. When the field is asserted, the mean position of the particles moves in a generally “upward” direction. When the field is turned off, the mean remains constant although diffusion causes the field to spread. The total shift in mean position of this ratchet is very modest. Part of the motivation of this work is to optimise the transport effect of the Brownian ratchet, subject to constraints. https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-refinement-of-the-visual-hull-to-satisfy-5bxdqvn0t3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-the-armchair-shape-during-1z87yx6i.png Figure 4:. Evolution of the armchair shape during reconstruction: (0) initial visual hull mesh, (1) after first iteration, (2) second, etc. Each row shows the mesh rendered via Gouraud shading, the error texture applied to the model (brighter regions signify higher error), and the reconstructed texture applied to the model. The corresponding average pixel error for each iteration is 0.097, 0.079, 0.042, and 0.040 respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-toy-alien-creature-reconstructed-from-12-x39art6e.png Figure 8:. A toy “alien creature” reconstructed from 12 calibrated images: (a) input images, (b) three views of final reconstructed object rendered with texture applied, (c) final mesh rendered using Gouraud shading. As a result of three iterations of the algorithm, the average pixel error was reduced from 0.129 to 0.069. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-pretzel-reconstructed-from-12-calibrated-images-a-cbrwz9vd.png Figure 7:. A pretzel reconstructed from 12 calibrated images: (a) input images, (b) three views of final reconstructed object rendered with texture applied, (c) final mesh rendered using Gouraud shading. As a result of three iterations of the algorithm, the average pixel error was reduced from 0.083 to 0.049. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-overview-block-diagram-3n5s09dv.png Figure 1:. System Overview Block Diagram https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-six-degree-of-freedom-flight-simulator-for-4jtxblax7p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-code-block-diagram-for-the-core-parachute-30pemjqh.png Figure 3: Code block diagram for the core parachute simulation routine. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-constants-used-used-in-the-dynamic-models-961nllmc.png Table 1: Constants used used in the dynamic models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rocket-dynamic-model-state-vectors-26qr2qtx.png Table 2: Rocket dynamic model state vectors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parachute-dynamic-model-state-vectors-3sr7udze.png Table 4: Parachute dynamic model state vectors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-code-block-diagram-for-a-simple-rocket-flight-2s3xd1qo.png Figure 4: Code block diagram for a simple rocket flight program. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-schematic-illustration-of-the-rocket-used-in-the-2eb3i9a4.png Figure 14: Schematic illustration of the rocket used in the flight demonstration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-samples-of-wind-speed-difference-profiles-drawn-26waon4y.png Figure 13: Samples of wind speed difference profiles drawn from (46). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-avionics-devices-used-on-board-the-rocket-3mwiu221.png Table 6: Avionics devices used on board the rocket. https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-transient-stability-analysis-of-transmission-ib0mr0ugkw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-percentage-of-unstable-simulations-after-a-three-2k25sr2d.png TABLE I: Percentage of unstable simulations after a three-phase fault for Topology 1 in the Irish system for different CTs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-percentage-of-unstable-simulations-after-a-three-ku6om0d3.png TABLE II: Percentage of unstable simulations after a three-phase fault for Topology 2 in the Irish system for different CTs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-topologies-of-a-power-system-facing-a-fault-a-topology-3h073ofr.png Fig. 2: Topologies of a power system facing a fault: (a) Topology 1: The ESS and the synchronous machines are on the same side with respect to the fault; (b) Topology 2: The fault occurs between the synchronous machine and the ESS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-vsc-based-ess-coupled-to-the-grid-2ix3e19o.png Fig. 1: VSC-based ESS coupled to the grid. https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-user-equilibrium-traffic-assignment-with-e6z03f0vky 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-psr-sue-model-results-for-example-iii-37hq7ay4.png Table 3. PSR-SUE model results for Example III. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-a-parking-search-route-psr-for-an-origin-2i6ye9sh.png Fig. 1. Example of a parking search route (PSR) for an origin (green dot on the left) and a destination (blue dot in the middle). The PSR consists of three route segments (highlighted), which start at the origin and sequentially connect three parking locations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-computation-of-expected-search-time-gf9eebof.png Fig. 2. Illustration of computation of expected search time using cumulative curves of arrivals and departures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-assen-network-with-6-parking-locations-indicated-as-p9-l67l4k17.png Fig. 6. Assen network with 6 parking locations, indicated as P9, P10, P13, P14, P15, and P22. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-synthetic-network-with-1-origin-destination-pair-and-2-1io5pnsi.png Fig. 4. Synthetic network with 1 origin-destination pair and 2 parking locations, indicated as P1 and P2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-psr-sue-model-results-for-assen-application-8tcduzc1.png Table 4. PSR-SUE model results for Assen application. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-psr-sue-model-results-for-example-ii-for-logit-scale-s9fif4on.png Table 2. PSR-SUE model results for Example II, for logit scale parameter 𝜃 = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-synthetic-network-with-1-origin-destination-pair-and-3-2kaabxcc.png Fig. 5. Synthetic network with 1 origin-destination pair and 3 parking locations, indicated as P1, P2 and P3. https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-volatility-and-option-pricing-with-long-memory-in-21oyjcox6o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-call-option-prices-for-a-simulated-model-using-both-1g1vzywm.png Table 7: Call Option Prices for a simulated model using both discretized and fARIMA models and comparison with the corresponding classical Binomial prices. The Call option that we priced has the following parameters: S0 = $800, σhist = 0.26, r = 0.21% and T = 35 days. (Note: both simulated models had σhist = 0.26.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-particle-filters-59e5de3q.png Figure 4: Particle Filters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-computed-european-call-option-prices-on-the-s-p-500-1m4vi9na.png Table 4: Computed European call option prices on the S&P 500 using a weighted implied H. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-i-cpu-time-needed-for-the-continuous-time-model-ii-3sei4t98.png Figure 5: (i) CPU time needed for the continuous time model, (ii) CPU time needed for the discrete time models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-call-option-prices-on-the-s-p-500-1fjbkyb8.png Figure 7: Comparison of Call Option Prices on the S&P 500 using the three models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fractional-ou-process-with-hurst-index-0-6-and-mean-2qm0oshw.png Figure 1: Fractional OU process with Hurst index 0.6 and mean reversion parameter α = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-of-implied-h-for-particular-ranges-of-k-the-23p616dk.png Table 2: Values of implied H for particular ranges of K. The stock price ‘today’ is S0=$787.53. (The results are based options written on the S&P 500 index on March 30th 2009 with maturity T = 35 days). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-computed-european-call-option-prices-on-the-s-p-500-2r2l3ai5.png Table 3: Computed European call option prices on the S&P 500 using a universal value of implied H or the local values of implied H as shown in Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/stock-market-listing-and-the-use-of-trade-credit-evidence-zjghyexl84 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-additional-robustness-checks-3jecyvar.png Table 7. Additional Robustness Checks https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-effects-of-the-financial-crisis-on-public-and-2ildnh8o.png Table 10. Effects of the Financial Crisis on Public and Private Firms’ Trade Credit Policies This table presents the regression results for Model (9), capturing the effects of the recent financial crisis on the trade credit ratios of public and private firms. Columns (1)(3) report the results for the period 20042009, while Columns (4)(6) report the results for the period 19952012. The crisis period is defined as years 2007–2009. The dependent variable is trade credit, defined as the ratio of accounts payable to total assets. Crisis is a dummy variable that is equal to 1 for the years 20072009 and 0 otherwise. Public is a dummy variable that is equal to 1 for public firms and 0 otherwise. ST debtpre-crisis is the pre-crisis (2006) level of short-term debt. Cash flowpre-crisis is the precrisis (2006) level of cash flow. Other controls refer to all the control variables that are listed and defined in Table 3 with the exception of cash flow and short-term debt, for which the coefficients are reported in the current table. Tstatistics are reported in parentheses. Standard errors are clustered at the firm level. *** , ** , and * denote statistical significance at the 1, 5, and 10% levels, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/stock-implied-volatility-stock-turnover-and-the-stock-bond-2vlworduxg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-stock-turnover-and-the-subsequent-22-trading-day-2pea10hq.png Table 5: Stock turnover and the subsequent 22-trading-day stock-bond return correlation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-vix-level-and-the-subsequent-22-trading-day-stock-tbi54vgl.png Table 2: VIX level and the subsequent 22-trading-day stock-bond return correlation https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-relation-between-daily-bond-and-stock-returns-in-13iz94p7.png Table 8: The relation between daily bond and stock returns in a regime-shifting model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-lagged-vix-and-the-relation-between-daily-bond-and-vlf45dmr.png Table 3: Lagged VIX and the relation between daily bond and stock returns https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-continued-dem71up9.png Table 4: (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-stock-turnover-shocks-and-the-stock-bond-return-2zxk78p6.png Table 7: Stock turnover shocks and the stock-bond return relation https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-continued-381ehd4i.png Table 6: (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3dg9um7u.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/stock-market-reactions-to-conflict-diamond-trading-4k1ssdx2lq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sojlgtpt.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2o73ypn3.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3l04yat8.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-13dfu67r.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1ojdcq3t.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3nrqeh2g.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/stoichiometry-control-in-molecular-beam-epitaxy-of-basn-o-3-44qmuqpcer 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-film-growth-rates-as-a-function-of-ba-flux-2h05tfdv.png FIG. 1. Film growth rates as a function of Ba flux. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-out-of-plane-lattice-constants-aop-orange-circles-left-26co05wq.png FIG. 3. Out-of-plane lattice constants aop (orange circles, left axis) and measured Hall mobilities (blue triangles, right axis) as a function of SnO2/Ba BEP ratio for films grown with (a) no additional oxygen, (b) molecular oxygen, and (c) oxygen plasma. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-c-on-axis-2th-o-scans-around-the-basno3-002-tfatx34g.png FIG. 2. [(a)–(c)] On-axis 2θ -ω scans around the BaSnO3 002 reflection for films grown with (a) no additional oxygen, (b) molecular oxygen, and (c) oxygen plasma. [(d)–(f)] Rocking curves around the BaSnO3 002 reflection for films grown with (a) no additional oxygen, (b) molecular oxygen, and (c) oxygen plasma. The triangles mark the 002 BaSnO3 film reflections and the asterixis mark the 220 DyScO3 reflections. https://scispace.com/papers/stock-markets-and-business-cycle-comovement-in-germany-b0io9osb0j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-variance-explained-of-output-corrected-and-original-3ajjyxtv.png Table 4: Variance explained of Output (corrected and original) by real business cycle indicators. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-cyclical-behavior-of-hoffmanns-1965-wages-i1u6f63d.png Figure 12: The cyclical behavior of Hoffmann’s (1965) wages series and Ronge’s stock market index in the time domain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-nnp-current-prices-deviation-from-trend-germany-1blho7gr.png Figure 4: NNP (current prices), deviation from trend, Germany 1851-1913. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variance-explained-of-nominal-stock-prices-and-32wknvfo.png Table 2: Variance explained of nominal stock prices and nominal wages by various price indices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-hoffmanns-1965-wages-series-and-brys-1960-hourly-3i2lfncs.png Figure 14: Hoffmann’s (1965) wages series and Bry’s (1960) hourly wage rates for hewers and haulers, Dortmund. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-hoffmanns-1965-wages-series-and-three-price-1ao70zxr.png Figure 10: Hoffmann’s (1965) wages series and three price indices https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-high-and-low-frequency-share-of-the-variance-of-a-25u2r3j3.png Figure 2: High- and low-frequency share of the variance of a monthly time series and their respective power spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nnp-current-prices-germany-1851-1913-2t90si2z.png Figure 3: NNP (current prices) Germany 1851-1913. https://scispace.com/papers/stomata-the-holey-grail-of-plant-evolution-3xz4fhsqdo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-pseudostomata-of-sphagnum-are-anatomically-and-1wmg97mt.png Figure 2. The pseudostomata of Sphagnum are anatomically and functionally unique 2 amongst land plants. (A) Pseudostomata are found on the sporophyte capsule and are 3 https://scispace.com/papers/stoichiometry-of-nickel-oxide-films-prepared-by-ald-1fopaafk6o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-graphical-summary-of-the-stoichiometries-demonstrated-ksvynxmi.png Fig. 5. Graphical summary of the stoichiometries demonstrated here on a compositional axis between the extremes 100% nickel (metal, left) and 100% oxygen (O2, right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-demonstration-of-a-loss-of-gas-from-the-nickel-oxide-1u6hdr0o.png Fig. 4. Demonstration of a loss of gas from the nickel oxide layer upon annealing underneath a thick Al2O3 sheath. (a) Transmission electron micrograph taken in cross-section after annealing at 700 °C: bubbles have appeared at the interface between nickel oxide and aluminium oxide and the nickel oxide film was separated from the substrate. (b) The identity of the layers is confirmed in a composition profile determined by energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The element carbon originates from the glue used to prepare the thin TEM sample: its presence signifies a void in the film stack. The discernible layers are (from left to right): silicon, silicon oxide, void, nickel and/or nickel oxide, aluminium oxide, void. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-magnetic-isotherms-of-the-films-recorded-at-300-k-the-2m8vl4za.png Fig. 3. Magnetic isotherms of the films recorded at 300 K. The nickel oxide deposited (black squares) shows a diamagnetic signal, which converts to a ferromagnetic hysteresis typical of metallic Ni upon annealing at 700 °C under argon (gray disks, dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-structural-characterization-of-nickel-oxide-films-as-34zvsg9o.png Fig. 2. Structural characterization of nickel oxide films as grown by atomic layer deposition (a,b) and after annealing at 700 °C under argon (c,d). The glancing-angle X-ray diffractograms (a,d) reveal the transformation from the structure of NiO to that of metallic Ni. The angle axes are scaled to the Cu Kα wavelength; the main peaks of the corresponding bulk phases are indicated by dotted lines and labeled. The scanning electron micrographs (SEM) in top view (b,c) reveal the presence of pinholes in the deposited film, which becomes discontinuous upon annealing, with the formation of discrete clusters. Both micrographs are on the same scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-x-ray-reflectivity-curve-synchrotron-radiation-11-5-1fpii2he.png Fig. 1. X-ray reflectivity curve (synchrotron radiation, 11.5 keV) obtained after 1500 cycles of nickel oxide ALD: the film is 138 nm thick. https://scispace.com/papers/stonefish-an-advanced-open-source-simulation-tool-designed-nnohsanp05 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-automatically-computed-best-fitting-ellipsoids-for-the-30mb0f95.png Fig. 4. Automatically computed, best fitting ellipsoids, for the estimation of added mass and shape coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulated-ndt-testing-performed-by-girona500-i-auv-2rsit48j.png Fig. 3. Simulated NDT testing performed by GIRONA500 I-AUV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-simulated-effect-of-light-scattering-and-air-light-for-1o40pfge.png Fig. 7. Simulated effect of light scattering and air-light for different turbidity values. From the top: low turbidity, high turbidity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-realistic-rendering-of-sky-and-ocean-surface-3vt2maqb.png Fig. 5. Realistic rendering of sky and ocean surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulated-map-based-navigation-using-a-large-poster-3ek7jost.png Fig. 6. Simulated map-based navigation using a large poster. From the top: simulated image without water, simulated image with water, image from a real camera captured in our test tank. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-architecture-of-the-stonefish-simulation-tool-245nu89a.png Fig. 1. General architecture of the Stonefish simulation tool. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-features-implemented-in-the-library-na29vl8x.png Fig. 2. Features implemented in the library. https://scispace.com/papers/stop-go-policy-and-the-restriction-of-postwar-british-house-4i2pspm65v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-capital-formation-in-dwellings-as-percentage-of-1386t4e1.png Figure 1: Capital formation in dwellings as percentage of total capital formation and housing completions per thousand families, private houses and all houses, 1921-38 and 1954-79 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-impacts-of-stop-go-policies-on-private-housing-3jvuez87.png Table 2. Impacts of “Stop-Go” policies on private housing starts and house prices (1955 Q1 – 1979 Q1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gross-fixed-capital-formation-in-housing-as-a-251sqrsp.png Table 1: Gross fixed capital formation in housing as a percentage of GNP/GDP for Britain and nine West European countries, 1954-59 https://scispace.com/papers/storeant-a-system-to-support-finding-collaborative-systems-4kdyp3l8v5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-storeant-method-description-screen-22xteb0u.png Fig. 1. - StoreAnt Method Description Screen https://scispace.com/papers/storm-impacts-on-alpine-lakes-antecedent-weather-conditions-2dli30b0s3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-weather-conditions-in-summers-2013-2015-june-2mch3yqe.png Table 1. Average weather conditions in summers 2013-2015 (June 21st to September 30th) 292 and descriptions of detected rainstorms and windstorms. sd = standard deviation. 293 https://scispace.com/papers/storing-and-querying-semantic-data-in-the-cloud-41s1e01fyx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lubm-query-characteristics-1xyhvbn3.png Table 1: LUBM query characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-an-example-vertical-graph-split-of-the-example-graph-1lpt9c4b.png Fig. 9: An example vertical graph split of the example graph. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bushy-query-execution-tree-for-the-query-from-example-1k6d122y.png Fig. 3: Bushy query execution tree for the query from example 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-summary-graph-of-the-graph-cover-shown-in-figure-a3n30l39.png Fig. 12: The summary graph of the graph cover shown in Figure 10 used by TriAD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-summary-graph-of-the-graph-cover-shown-in-figure-n89j17db.png Fig. 13: The summary graph of the graph cover shown in Figure 10 used by EAGRE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-architecture-of-a-master-slave-distributed-rdf-store-3c8ikhrl.png Fig. 5: Architecture of a master-slave distributed RDF store. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-example-graph-split-into-molecules-3kpzei8e.png Fig. 8: The example graph split into molecules. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-example-graph-describing-the-knows-relationships-3jlfu6ky.png Fig. 1: The example graph describing the knows relationships between some employees of WeST and Gesis. https://scispace.com/papers/stormwater-quality-and-local-government-innovation-12byg263qc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-characteristics-of-early-and-late-adopting-ctwa420m.png Table 4. Mean characteristics of early- and late-adopting communities in 2000. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percent-of-npdes-phase-ii-measures-reported-adopted-r2wkz5nn.png Table 2. Percent of NPDES Phase II measures reported adopted before the planning deadline. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-importancea-of-factors-to-early-and-late-2ejlmrym.png Table 3. Mean importancea of factors to early and late adopters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relationship-of-stormwater-management-plan-quality-wqj209cm.png Figure 1. Relationship of stormwater management plan quality to share of MCMs adopted late. https://scispace.com/papers/storm-in-a-teacup-a-radio-quiet-quasar-with-10-kpc-radio-fxc81skx1g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-our-highest-resolution-0-4-arcsec-see-table-1-vla-2206wjl4.png Figure 4. Our highest resolution (≈0.4 arcsec; see Table 1) VLA data at 5.12 GHz and 7.26 GHz for the central few arcseconds of the “Teacup” AGN. We have labeled the two unresolved structures HR-A and HR-B, which we identified in Figure 3. The top row shows the data, the second row shows our fits of two beams to these data (“model”) and the bottom row shows the data minus the fit (“residual”; see Section 3.1.2). In each panel the contours represent levels of [. . ., −7, −5, −3, 3, 5, 7, . . .]σ , where the negative contours are dotted lines and positive contours are solid lines. The majority of the flux is inside two unresolved beams (corresponding to HR-A and HR-B) with some low-significance emission between these two structures. The flux densities and spectral indices (α75) for these two structures are provided in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-our-vimos-ifu-data-for-the-teacup-agn-these-maps-3jntyuxz.png Figure 5. Our VIMOS IFU data for the “Teacup” AGN. These maps characterize the [O iii] emission-line profiles, at each spatial pixel, using the non-parametric definitions described in Section 3.2. From top-to-bottom: (a) the signal-to-noise of the peak flux density; (b) the velocity of the peak flux density; (c) the emission-line width; and (d) the asymmetry of the emission-line profile. The contours in each panel show the 5 GHz radio data from Figure 1. The diamond in each panel shows the position of the HR-B radio structure seen in Figure 3. The dominant velocity gradient seen in panel (b) appears to be independent of the distribution of radio emission; however, there is bright ionized gas associated with the luminous eastern radio bubble seen in panel (a). Panels (c) and (d) reveal very broad and asymmetric emission-line profiles around the position of the HR-B radio structure, and this is due to an additional high-velocity kinematic component at this location (see Figure 6). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-o-iii-emission-line-profile-properties-from-selected-3la0mj0z.png Table 3 [O iii] Emission-line Profile Properties from Selected Regions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-hst-images-for-the-teacup-agn-described-in-section-r3u510k1.png Figure 6. HST images for the “Teacup” AGN (described in Section 3.3). Top left: narrow-band image centered on [O iii] λ5007. Middle left: line-free continuum image. Bottom left: narrow-band image centered on Hα. Right: composite image of the continuum image (shown in purple) and [O iii] emission (shown in green). The contours represent the 5.2 GHz radio emission from Figure 1, except within the dotted white box where the contours represent the high-resolution 6.2 GHz data from Figure 3. The three inset [O iii] λ5007 emission-line profiles are from our VIMOS IFU data cubes, extracted from the specified regions (see Section 3.2). The fits to the spectra are overplotted as magenta dotted lines and the values derived from these fits are shown in Table 3. The highest-velocity kinematic component (v = −740 km s−1; see Section 4.1) is overlaid as a dashed green line on the “HR-B Region” emission-line profile. The inset on the bottom right is a pseudo-extinction map, extracted from the region indicated by the dashed white box (see Section 3.3). Overlaid as contours are the high-resolution 6.2 GHz radio data (see Figure 3). In this inset, the dusty regions can be observed, as brighter regions, extending from the core to ≈2 arcsec northwest of the nucleus. The radio structures are preferentially oriented away from the most dusty region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-schematic-diagram-of-the-teacup-agn-to-summarize-1vc275u1.png Figure 7. Schematic diagram of the “Teacup” AGN to summarize the results of the data presented in this paper (see Section 4.1). We have highlighted the region of luminous ionized gas with dotted green shading; however, we note that low surface brightness ionized gas is found over a much larger region (Figure 5). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-radio-images-1yzg3wnk.png Table 1 Properties of Radio Images https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-our-vla-data-for-the-teacup-agn-at-three-different-23srvh5j.png Figure 1. Our VLA data for the “Teacup” AGN at three different observed-frame frequencies (from top-down: 1.52 GHz; 5.12 GHz; 7.26 GHz), which have been matched to the same spatial resolution (see Section 3.1.2). The bottom panel shows a spectral index map using the full C-band data (α75), where values are only shown for pixels with an uncertainty 0.25. The overlaid contours in this bottom panel are from the 5.12 GHz map. The contours in each panel indicate levels of [2, 6, 10, 14, 18]σ . The red ellipses represent the beams for each map and the yellow bar in the top panel represents 10 kpc in length. We observe three distinct spatial structures: a ≈12 kpc eastern bubble, a ≈11 kpc western bubble, and a bright core. The red dotted contours overlaid on the 5.12 GHz image define the regions that we used for calculating the flux densities and sizes of these structures. The regions of bright emission show steep spectral indices of α75 ≈ −1. The SED for each of these structure is shown in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-radio-properties-of-selected-structures-3l52a56e.png Table 2 Radio Properties of Selected Structures https://scispace.com/papers/straightening-free-algorithm-for-the-singularity-analysis-of-572qwkhfgx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-6-6-platforms-on-the-left-have-the-same-1imfz4oq.png Fig. 3 The 6-6 platforms on the left have the same singularities as theirrespective 3-3 platforms on the right, provided that the constant multiplying the obtained simple superbracket,Ki, is not identically zero, in which case the corresponding 6-6 platform is architecturally singular. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-three-possible-topologies-for-3-3-stewart-gough-3qrgib37.png Fig. 2 The three possible topologies for 3-3 Stewart-Gough platforms–flagged, partially flagged and octahedral– and their corresponding pure conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-labeling-for-the-attachments-of-a-general-6-6-stewart-2fgyfx1p.png Fig. 1 Labeling for the attachments of a general 6-6 Stewart-Gough platform. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-using-the-proposed-algorithm-the-decomposition-of-the-mzyzosor.png Fig. 4 Using the proposed algorithm, the decomposition of the superbracket ssociated with the platform in this figure is that inOutput 1. If q1 is redefined ask1a + (1− k1)c, the resulting superbracket decomposition is that inOutput 2. In both cases, the 3-3 platform associated with each simple superbracked is represented in the same order of the decomposition. https://scispace.com/papers/straightforward-approach-to-efficient-oxidative-dna-cleaving-3sxdz0v0xo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structures-of-complexes-1-2-and-3-2mxy8ynt.png Fig. 1 Structures of complexes 1, 2 and 3. https://scispace.com/papers/straightforward-syntheses-that-avoid-scrambling-of-meso-4yn8lgs56k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimization-of-the-synthesis-of-28-hexaphyrin-7a-2mi7slcw.png Table 1. Optimization of the synthesis of [28]hexaphyrin 7a. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-uv-vis-maxima-of-28-hexaphyrins-in-1dr3skko.png Table 2. Selected UV/Vis maxima of [28]hexaphyrins in dichloromethane (for numbering scheme, see Scheme 4). https://scispace.com/papers/strain-analysis-of-a-seismically-imaged-mass-transport-36zadizjog 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-isopach-map-displayed-in-true-stratigraphic-1wf9qv0t.png Figure 3: (A) Isopach map displayed in true stratigraphic thickness, between the basal shear surface (BSS) and top surface. Note Sections 1 and 2 which are 19 the dip sections chosen for strain analysis, (B) Schematic and index map of main structural elements within the MTC and reference locations for later figures. 20 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-dip-seismic-section-1-used-for-structural-5eip7ime.png Figure 4. (A) Dip seismic Section 1, used for structural restoration, note the well-defined extensional 24 and compressional domains, and inset sections highlighting the overriding debrite, (B) Dip seismic 25 Section 2 used for structural restoration located more centrally within the MTC note bulking towards 26 the compressional domain, (C) Strike seismic section highlighting distinct lateral margins, megaclasts 27 and incision of the top surface, HTS = hummocked top surface, LM = lateral margins. Amplitudes 28 have been compressed to account for washout from very high amplitude gas charged sediment above 29 the study interval. 30 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-mtc-emplacement-models-model-1-shear-coupling-34tobkej.png Figure 8: MTC emplacement models, Model 1: Shear coupling mechanism, stage 1 initiation through 52 overriding debris flow producing localisation of shear stress on a mechanically weak likely shallow 53 gas filled zone, stage 2 in situ failure of underlying sediments through shear coupling, stage 3 failure 54 of underlying sediments has produced significant extensional and compressional domains in the final 55 deposit, Model 2: Loading mechanism, stage 1 initiation through loading and progressive downslope 56 failure, stage 2 infilling of remnant topography by later debris flow(s), stage 3 failure from a loading 57 mechanism has produced similar extensional and compressional domains to Model 1. 58 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-decompacted-strain-analysis-models-i-section-1-626hhva7.png Figure 7: Decompacted strain analysis models, (i) Section 1 present day section, (ii) Section 1 decompacted section, (iii) Section 2 present day section, (iv) 47 Section 2 decompacted section. Section 1 sits near the western lateral margin of the MTC, Section 2 crosses centrally through the main MTC body, note pin 48 points used for flexural slip calculations, (v/vi) Vertically exaggeration 1.0.49 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-area-offshore-uruguay-onshore-offshore-basins-2oc0wx3c.png Figure 1: Study area offshore Uruguay, onshore/offshore basins outlines and structural highs from 7 ANCAP and (Soto et al. 2011), landward limit of seaward dipping reflectors from (Franke et al. 8 2007), note current licence blocks and Lobo and Gaviotin wells, dataset (green) and study area (red) 9 outlines, Raya-1 location from spectrumgeo. 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-iso-proportional-variance-var-ant-track-ant-and-316sm9dw.png Figure 6: Iso-proportional variance (VAR), ant-track (ANT) and spectral decomposition (SPEC) extractions between the BSS and top surface (HTS), (A) 41 Seismic dip line displaying rafted-block, BSS thrust faults and intra-block normal faults, BSS to 300m above demonstrating the through going nature of the 42 fault systems, (B) Seismic line through MTC thrust-fault system and orthogonal shear zone seen to detach onto he BSS, fault linkage (relay ramps) imaged 43 between thrust faults, (C) Seismic line highlighting the abrupt western lateral margin, note the irr gular nature of the thrust as they interact with the lateral 44 margin.45 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-recalculating-of-strain-assuming-isoclinal-folding-2d0xxpy2.png Table 2: Recalculating of strain assuming isoclinal folding in the compressional domain. Note the significant increase in 69 shortening when compared to Table.1. 70 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-variance-extraction-from-the-basal-shear-surface-3o006ru7.png Figure 5: (A) Variance extraction from the basal shear surface over a 25ms window, delineating the 33 lateral margins, frontally emergent ramp and longitudinal shear zone (LSZ), (B) Ant-track extraction 34 from the basal shear surface over 5ms, imaging the interaction between the western lateral margin and 35 sub-orthogonal shear zones, (C) Spectral decomposition extraction from the basal shear surface over a 36 25ms window, note locations of D and E, (D) Compressional domain imaging imbricate thrust 37 systems, (E) Eastern lateral margin imaging upslope drag and erosion by a younger MTC. 38 https://scispace.com/papers/straightforward-synthesis-of-1-alkyl-2-trifluoromethyl-4804mpnuax 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-synthesis-of-n-alkyl-3-chloro-111-trifluoropropan-2-393ruk40.png Table 1. Synthesis of N-alkyl-3-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-amines 4a-e and 1-alkyl-2(trifluoromethyl)aziridines 5a-e https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-synthesis-of-2-benzylamino-333-trifluoropropyl-nsdbjh0t.png Table 2. Synthesis of 2-benzylamino-3,3,3-trifluoropropyl acetate 6 and N,N-dialkyl-1,1,1-trifluoro3-iodopropan-2-amines 7 https://scispace.com/papers/straightforward-synthesis-of-well-defined-poly-vinylidene-3xffaolxd8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1h-nmr-spectrum-recorded-in-cd3-2co-of-a-low-molar-10jqn5mg.png Figure 3. 1H NMR spectrum recorded in (CD3)2CO of a low molar mass PVDF homopolymer synthesized via OMRP (Entry 1, Table 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-molecular-characteristics-of-the-pvdf-1nnthlid.png Table 5. Molecular characteristics of the PVDF macroinitiators and of the three PVDF-b-PVAc block copolymers synthesized in situ via sequential OMRP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-normalized-gpc-traces-of-pvdf-co-acac-2-11qkehfi.png Figure 6. Normalized GPC traces of PVDF-Co(acac)2 homopolymers (Entries 1 (--), 2 (--), 3 (--), Table 5) and PVDF-b-PVAc block copolymers formed by in situ sequential OMRP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experimental-conditions-and-results-of-the-vdf-omrp-3fi5268m.png Table 3. Experimental conditions and results of the VDF OMRP for a series of [VDF]0/[Co(acac)2]0 molar ratios at 60 oC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-19f-nmr-spectrum-in-cd3-2co-of-a-low-molar-mass-7j14z0gi.png Figure 4. 19F NMR spectrum in (CD3)2CO of a low molar mass PVDF homopolymer synthesized via OMRP (Entry 1, Table 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plots-of-a-evolution-of-mn-and-d-vs-the-monomer-193jqggg.png Figure 2. Plots of a) evolution of Mn and Ð vs the monomer conversion and b) ln([M]0/[M]) vs polymerization time for the VDF homopolymerization via OMRP. Conditions: [VDF]0/[P16]0/[Co(acac)2]0 = 80/2/1, T = 60 oC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-19-f-nmr-chemical-shifts-and-assignments-of-a-low-2mh3gcc2.png Table 4. 19 F NMR chemical shifts and assignments of a low molar mass PVDF homopolymer synthesized via OMRP (Entry 1, Table 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1h-19f-hetero-cosy-spectrum-of-pvdf-entry-1-table-3-362grjzw.png Figure 5. 1H-19F Hetero-COSY spectrum of PVDF (Entry 1, Table 3) in (CD3)2CO. Vertical axis: 1H NMR spectrum; horizontal axis: 19F NMR spectrum. https://scispace.com/papers/strain-and-temperature-characterisation-of-sensing-head-4fciivj23o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sensing-head-experimental-setup-inset-photograph-of-18cm04hj.png Fig. 1 Sensing head experimental setup Inset: photograph of four-hole suspended-core fibre https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sensing-head-response-to-temperature-variations-2llz53yg.png Fig. 4 Sensing head response to temperature variations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sensing-head-response-to-strain-variations-8ebtsn60.png Fig. 3 Sensing head response to strain variations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spectral-transfer-function-of-sagnac-interferometer-t5voyg77.png Fig. 2 Spectral transfer function of Sagnac interferometer with a length of four-hole suspended-core fibre https://scispace.com/papers/strain-differences-in-concanavalin-a-induced-paw-edema-in-2ckzp4w8ft 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-effect-of-i-pl-injection-of-100-g-of-1aam9cfj.png Figure 2. The effect of i.pl. injection of 100 g of chloropyramine (Chl) and ranitidine (Ran) on development of paw edema induced by Con A in rats of DA (upper panel) and AO (lower panel) strains. Values represent mean ± SE. Statistically significant differences: * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; and *** p<0.0001 vs. Con A https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-development-of-concanavalin-a-con-a-induced-paw-1fvfs4v3.png Figure 1. Development of Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced paw edema in rats of DA (upper panel) and AO (lower panel) strains. Values represent mean ± SE. Statistically significant differences: * p<0.01; ** p<0.001; and ***, p<0.0001 vs. saline https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-effect-of-i-pl-injection-of-100-g-of-24wwjwza.png Figure 4. The effect of i.pl. injection of 100 g of chloropyramine (Chl), ranitidine (Ran) and verapamil (Ver), and 50 g of granisetron (Gran) on the diameter of the non-inflamed paws of DA and AO rat strains. Values represent mean ± SE. Statistically significant differences: * p<0.05 and ** p<0.001 vs. saline https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-effect-of-i-pl-injection-of-100-g-of-verapamil-2l4plqkz.png Figure 3. The effect of i.pl. injection of 100 g of verapamil (Ver) and 50 g of granisetron (Gran) on development of paw edema induced by Con A in rats of DA (upper panel) and AO (lower panel) strains. Values represent mean ± SE. Statistically significant differences: * p<0.01; ** p<0.001; and *** p<0.0001 vs. Con A https://scispace.com/papers/strain-fields-around-dislocation-arrays-in-a-s9-silicon-1fzly1n4pv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-atomic-resolution-adf-stem-image-of-the-array-of-25zlldds.png Figure 8. Atomic-resolution ADF-STEM image of the array of dislocations located at the grain boundary overlapped with the maps of the strain component εxx (left) and of the rigid-body rotation xy (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-in-plane-strain-tensor-components-for-an-array-of-29ct96mg.png Figure 4. In-plane strain tensor components for an array of dislocations located at the 9 grain boundary. The experimental results (top) were obtained from the ADF-STEM image on the left, and the modeled maps (bottom) were derived from a linear elastic theory for a dislocation array in a single crystal. The ADF-STEM image was obtained from 23 images with 2048x2048 pixels (binned by 2 for the analysis) acquired with a frame time of 2s and a sampling of 0.013 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-local-exx-strain-profile-measured-experimentally-a-21zqbx1k.png Figure 5. Local εxx strain profile measured experimentally (a), from the results shown in Fig. 3 and 4, and determined from the elastic theory (b). The profiles are taken in a direction parallel to the grain boundary along ]114[ at a distance of 2.5 nm from the boundary. The dotted lines (blue) display the results for the isolated dislocation, and the solid lines (red) display the results for the array of dislocations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-adf-stem-image-of-a-perfect-9-122-grain-boundary-2vvq884j.png Figure 1. (a) ADF-STEM image of a perfect 9(122) grain boundary in silicon viewed along the [011] zone axis. The orientation vectors are given with respect to the silicon grain on the right. The inset shows a close-up of the grain boundary, and its periodicity vector of a/2 ]114[ is indicated by an arrow. (b) ADF-STEM image of an array of edge dislocations located at the 9 grain boundary. The inset on the left shows a close-up of a dislocation core, and the inset on the right shows a low magnification image of the dislocation array. The images were acquired from a single acquisition (frame time ~60s), and were smoothed with a Butterworth filter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-adf-stem-image-left-of-silicon-with-the-nas96y2p.png Figure 6 ADF-STEM image (left) of silicon, with the displacement fields (right) along the x and y directions. The image has been obtained from 15 images with 2048x2048 pixels (binned by 2 for the analysis) acquired with an acquisition time of 2s and a sampling of 0.013 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-steps-taken-to-obtain-strain-maps-a-n-images-3ni2j7x0.png Figure 2. Steps taken to obtain strain maps. (a) N images obtained from rapid acquisition are aligned with a cross-correlation procedure and summed. (b) The resulting image displays a 9 grain boundary containing a single bc dislocation, as shown in the inset image on the right. On the diffractogram shown in (c), two reflection spots are selected to calculate the phase image showin in (d). (e) From a derivative analysis, εxx, εyy and εxy maps are extracted. As a comparison, the results of the same analysis performed on a typical STEM image of the same region obtained from a single acquisition are shown in (f). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-in-plane-strain-tensor-components-for-an-array-of-1regg388.png Figure 7. In-plane strain tensor components for an array of dislocations located at the 9 grain boundary. The maps were obtained from the HRTEM image on the left. The HRTEM image was acquired with 2048x2048 pixels (binned by 2 for the analysis), a frame time of 1s and a sampling of 0.026 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-strain-maps-for-an-isolated-dislocation-located-at-w1kba464.png Figure 3. Strain maps for an isolated dislocation located at the 9 grain boundary. The experimental results (top) were obtained from the ADF-STEM image on the left, and the modeled maps (bottom) were derived from a linear elastic theory, as described in the text. The ADF-STEM image was obtained from 13 images with 2048x2048 pixels (binned by 2 for the analysis) acquired with a frame time of 2s and a sampling of 0.013 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/strain-induced-clustering-in-polyelectrolyte-hydrogels-4qavksisz9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-hysteresis-energy-as-a-function-of-lambda-for-several-1h80654v.png Fig. 8 Hysteresis energy as a function of lambda for several concentrations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-strain-rate-effects-on-the-stress-strain-behaviour-1fd2jiai.png Fig. 16 Strain rate effects on the stress–strain behaviour for 6% hydrogels at several strain rates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-compression-test-2r5pvfyp.png Fig. 1 Schematic representation of the compression test apparatus. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-determination-of-the-hydrogels-youngs-modulus-by-kghecf4k.png Fig. 5 Determination of the hydrogel’s Young’s modulus by compression tests on a PAA10db sample at 6%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-critical-compressive-lambda-lc-for-paa10db-at-1au020jh.png Table 2 Critical compressive lambda lc for PAA10db at several concentrations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-nmp-gel-relaxation-compared-to-the-hydrogel-24y21ywa.png Fig. 14 NMP gel relaxation compared to the hydrogel relaxation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-relaxation-experiments-normalized-true-stress-over-ml98uw4n.png Fig. 12 Relaxation experiments: normalized true stress over time for a 10db6% hydrogel and a 10db8% hydrogel compressed at different maximum strains. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-theoretical-approximation-for-the-maximum-2zxf7tf9.png Table 1 Theoretical approximation for the maximum extensibilitya https://scispace.com/papers/strain-localization-analysis-for-single-crystals-and-4htnjk0oat 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-comparison-between-the-proposed-model-and-the-2op6j62l.png Fig. 18. Comparison between the proposed model and the experiments for the studied IF–Ti single-phase steel for different linear and sequential loading paths performed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-the-initial-critical-shear-stress-of-110-and-3unmvxxq.png Fig. 5. Effect of the initial critical shear stress (of {110} and {112} slip plane families) on the ductility limit of a single crystal: Responses for uniaxial tensile tests performed parallel to the rolling direction until the loss of strong ellipticity (top) and the minimal https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-multiplicative-12r7kuoc.png Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient: plastic slip and rigid rotation along with elastic distortion of the crystallographic lattice https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-the-critical-annihilation-distance-of-mlejx6lc.png Fig. 6. Effect of the critical annihilation distance of dislocations on the ductility limit of a single crystal: Responses for uniaxial tensile tests performed parallel to the rolling direction until the loss of ellipticity (top) and the minimal determinant of the acoustic https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-effect-of-the-mean-free-path-parameter-on-the-igermfdf.png Fig. 10. Effect of the mean free path parameter on the ductility limit of a single crystal: Responses for uniaxial tensile tests performed parallel to the transverse direction until the loss of ellipticity (top) and the minimal determinant of the acoustic tensor over all https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-effect-of-the-critical-annihilation-distance-of-2lpy8gvq.png Fig. 9. Effect of the critical annihilation distance of dislocations on the ductility limit of a single crystal: Responses for uniaxial tensile tests performed parallel to the transverse https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-flds-associated-with-linear-loading-paths-for-the-if-3vq1q3vi.png Fig. 19. FLDs associated with linear loading paths for the IF–Ti single-phase steel obtained with the proposed polycrystal self-consistent model (coupled with Rice’s https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-effect-of-the-critical-annihilation-distance-of-12ey998y.png Fig. 14. Effect of the critical annihilation distance of dislocations on the ductility limit of a polycrystal (self-consistent scheme): Responses for plane strain tensile tests performed parallel to the rolling direction until the loss of ellipticity (top) and the https://scispace.com/papers/strain-induced-magnetization-control-in-an-oxide-44fwdl2fb9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-the-mn-l23-xas-a-and-xmcd-b-spectra-for-3ffy7x9f.png FIG. 3. Comparison of the Mn L2,3 XAS (a) and XMCD (b) spectra for BTO in the pristine state and polarized with positive or negative bias in T phase. (c) Comparison of the XMCD spectra for BTO polarized with positive/negative bias, in the O phase. (d) Schematic of the sample holder used for in situ polarization of BTO. Contacts with the sample holder (in red) were made with silver paint. The dielectric spacer was inserted to avoid shorts between the two parts of the sample holder. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-th-2th-scans-in-high-resolution-configuration-of-the-419k9tza.png FIG. 4. θ − 2θ scans in high-resolution configuration of the LSMO/BTO sample without field cooling from the cubic phase (light blue) and after field cooling under applied 400 V (dark blue). On the side, schematics of BTO unit cells for (001) and (010) are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-calculations-of-tetragonal-lsmo-film-under-planar-21jvnhr0.png FIG. 5. Calculations of tetragonal LSMO film under planar strain: (a) energy per formula unit and (b) anisotropy factor (left axis) and c/a ratio (right axis). Calculations of orthorhombic Pnma LSMO: (c) energy per cell as a function of both a and b/a and (d) example of anisotropy factor (left axis) and c/a ratio (right axis) for fixed a = 3.89 Å. In (b) and (d) the dashed lines correspond to the a and b/a values in which the FM and AFM phases have the same energy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-th-2th-scan-of-the-lsmo-bto-sample-acquired-at-room-2i2haps4.png FIG. 1. (a) θ − 2θ scan of the LSMO/BTO sample, acquired at room temperature in a high-intensity configuration. It is possible to distinguish the different domains of BTO crystal in the tetragnal phase, both out of plane and in plane. Note that BTO peaks are split into two components because of the presence of both Kα1 and Kα2 lines in the Cu x-ray source. (b) Evolution of the full width at half maximum of RHEED diffraction spots during the growth of LSMO, starting from the fifth unit cell. (c) RHEED images acquired in situ during LSMO growth, after completing the 4th and 30th unit cell. The plot in Fig. 1(b) was obtained from the profile along the dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mn-l23-xas-a-and-xmcd-b-spectra-acquired-for-various-2zc73foc.png FIG. 2. Mn L2,3 XAS (a) and XMCD (b) spectra acquired for various temperatures corresponding to different BTO structural phases, for the pristine case. The XAS curves shown are the sum of the two absorption spectra measured after magnetic field saturation with opposite field directions. Temperature dependence of LSMO/BTO resistance (c) and XMCD signal on the Mn L3 edge (d) with BTO in the pristine state. Dashed lines correspond to BTO structural transitions. https://scispace.com/papers/strain-modulated-magnetization-and-colossal-resistivity-of-48zmshc6vu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-x-ray-diffraction-pattern-of-the-lcmo-bto-2veoiowr.png FIG. 1. (Color online) X-ray diffraction pattern of the LCMO/BTO sample measured at room temperature. Inset is the crystal structure of the LCMO film on BTO substrate, a top view of one LCMO cell above a 2 2 BTO supercell. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-field-cooled-and-zero-field-cooled-in-243va5qr.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) Field cooled and zero-field cooled in-plane and out-of-plane magnetization curves of the LCMO/BTO film measured under different magnetic fields; inset is an enlargement of the indicated temperature range. (b) Temperature dependence of resistance of the LCMO/BTO film measured under 0 T and 13 T. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-raman-spectra-of-the-lcmo-bto-film-from-cw4ezq76.png FIG. 2. (Color online) (a) Raman spectra of the LCMO/BTO film from 153 K to 233 K. (b) Magnified view of peak I. (c) Magnified view of peak II. (d) Magnified view of peak III. https://scispace.com/papers/strain-path-dependent-hardening-models-with-rigorously-51qyg04bda 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-material-characterization-results-of-dp600-a-uniaxial-mccjkzdi.png Fig. 1. Material characterization results of DP600: (a) uniaxial tension (UT) in RD (black curves), DD (green curves) and TD (orange curves); (b) simple shear (SS) in RD; (c) reverse shear (RS) in RD; (d) uniaxial tension followed by simple shear (OR) in RD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rheological-predictions-solid-line-of-classical-type-1vzf77lp.png Fig. 2. Rheological predictions (solid line) of classical type hardening models: (a) Isotropic; (b) Combined; (c) Microstructural, and their comparisons of experimental results (symbols). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rheological-predictions-solid-line-of-selfcompensated-4vzouef0.png Fig. 3. Rheological predictions (solid line) of selfcompensated type hardening models: (a) Combined; (b) Microstructural; symbols designate experimental results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-identified-parameters-for-the-classical-and-1ydn8fw0.png Table 1. Identified parameters for the classical and selfcompensated hardening models for DP600. https://scispace.com/papers/stranded-capital-environmental-stewardship-is-part-of-the-os3uqv6sqg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-values-of-selected-marine-sectors-in-massachusetts-2k8bvrfn.png Figure 2. Values of selected marine sectors in Massachusetts, in millions of dollars. All values are for 2014, with the exception of recreational whale watching, for which the 2008 value was normalized to a 2014 estimate using the CPI inflation calculator (https://data. bls.gov). For marine stewardship, dark green indicates organizations with regionally focused marine and coastal stewardship, or estimates of the budget of larger organizations that are dedicated to marine stewardship; light green indicates Massachusetts- based environmental organizations whose mission includes marine stewardship, but the proportion of their efforts could not be easily defined. See WebPanels 1–3 for methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-two-organizations-with-missions-that-are-strongly-265ry8j0.png Table 2. Two organizations with missions that are strongly and directly linked to marine mammal conservation in Massachusetts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-flow-diagram-of-the-relationship-between-marine-2mmo1p7r.png Figure 3. Flow diagram of the relationship between marine mammal strandings, human responses, and results in the marine environment. Arrows indicate the flow between a particular event, such as a marine mammal stranding, and the response it can prompt, such as research and public awareness, which can in turn lead to improved animal welfare and biodiversity and ecosystem conservation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-valuation-metrics-employed-to-measure-2xxcmfee.png Table 1. Examples of valuation metrics employed to measure the economics of environmental stewardship, with a focus on marine systems https://scispace.com/papers/strange-and-multi-strange-particle-production-at-the-lhc-3w75y68iul 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-transverse-momentum-spectra-for-charged-positive-kaons-3il6pjsr.png Fig. 1. Transverse momentum spectra for charged (positive) kaons (left panel) [5] and multi-strange baryons (Ξ−, Ξ + , Ω− and Ω + , right panel) [6] measured in the central rapidity region (|y| < 0.5) for pp inelastic events at √ s = 7TeV. Comparisons with PYTHIA 6.4 spectra are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-enhancement-for-hyperon-pb-pb-yields-measured-at-7riu5ui2.png Fig. 3. Enhancement for hyperon Pb–Pb yields measured at central rapidity (|y| < 0.5) with ALICE, normalized to 〈Npart〉 and using minimum bias pp values as reference. The left (right) panel shows baryons which can (not) include valence quarks from the incoming nucleons. The ALICE results are compared to SPS and RHIC data [20]. The quadratic sum of statistical and systematics uncertainties are represented with vertical errors on data points. Uncertainties on the pp references (or pBe for the SPS data) are noted with rectangles on the left hand of the dotted line located at unity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-centrality-dependence-of-the-baryon-over-meson-ratio-9tfd74ih.png Fig. 2. Centrality dependence of the baryon over meson ratio as a function of pt in Pb–Pb collisions at √ sNN = 2.76 TeV, illustrated with Λ/K0S and compared with minimum bias pp collisions at √ s = 0.9 and 7 TeV (left panel). Maximum value of the Λ/K0S ratio as a function of the mean number of participating nucleons (〈Npart〉) for different colliding systems and energies (right panel). Figures are taken from [13]. Feed-down corrections are applied. Because the net-baryon free region is not yet achieved in central rapidities of RHIC collisions, the Λ/K0S is used for comparison (the Λ/K0S is scaled with Λ/Λ when appropriate). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-nuclear-modification-factors-raa-as-a-function-of-2h4i7cu4.png Fig. 4. The nuclear modification factors RAA as a function of pt for K0S (circles) and Λ (squares) in central (0–5%) Pb–Pb collisions (left panel) together with Nch, the unidentified charged hadrons (triangles) at √ sNN = 2.76 TeV. Vertical errors are statistical whereas the boxes correspond to systematics. The uncertainty due to the calculation of the mean number of binary collisions (〈Nbin〉) is given by the grey boxes on the dotted line located at unity [25]. The nuclear modification factors for charmed mesons are superimposed on the right panel for comparison together with charged pions (using a larger 0–20% centrality bin was necessary because of statistics). https://scispace.com/papers/strategic-agility-through-improvisational-capabilities-2ufaaga1gy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-concepts-16isvxy4.png Table 1 Key concepts https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-paradoxical-hrm-strategic-agility-through-gol46b6t.png Table 2 Paradoxical HRM: Strategic agility through improvisation https://scispace.com/papers/strategic-asset-allocation-and-market-timing-a-reinforcement-1bamsdevqb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bond-and-equity-index-in-germany-3gl4glye.png Fig. 4 Bond and equity index in Germany https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bond-and-equity-index-in-uk-2vw6t0bd.png Fig. 3 Bond and equity index in UK https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-expected-utility-in-the-strategic-asset-allocation-3aqa2pxb.png Table 6 Expected utility in the strategic asset allocation and market timing https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-optimal-market-timing-parameters-qzasfxqt.png Table 7 Optimal market timing parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figures-10-13-show-the-timing-rule-1-resulting-from-optimal-267gywja.png Figures 10–13 show the timing rule (1) resulting from optimal parameters within the market timing approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-time-varying-bond-weight-in-the-japan-portfolio-3ct8a265.png Fig. 9 Time-varying bond weight in the Japan portfolio https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-bond-and-equity-index-in-japan-wkmoxw3c.png Fig. 5 Bond and equity index in Japan https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-time-varying-bond-weight-in-the-germany-portfolio-14ahe7e9.png Fig. 8 Time-varying bond weight in the Germany portfolio https://scispace.com/papers/strategic-default-in-the-international-coffee-market-bobyqnamm8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-calibration-inputs-14nth92r.png Table V: Calibration: Inputs https://scispace.com/figures/table-a16-heterogeneity-relationship-history-and-strategic-38g5crnc.png Table A16: Heterogeneity: Relationship History and Strategic Default https://scispace.com/figures/figure-viii-unexpected-price-increases-and-contract-default-fwcge1y0.png Figure VIII: Unexpected Price Increases and Contract Default (alternate definitions of default) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-iv-contractual-non-performance-taxonomy-and-baseline-1ubolsub.png Figure IV: Contractual Non-Performance: Taxonomy and Baseline Definition Notes: Figure IV illustrates and quantifies the different observable cases of contractual non-performance. We distinguish cases depending on i) whether the loan is defaulted, repaid late or fully repaid on time, and ii) who repays the loan (buyers on the original contract, other buyers, or the mill). To fix ideas, consider the timing of events used to calibrate the model in Section IV (see Appendix A for details). At the time the mill is supposed to execute the contract, the mill observes market conditions. It first decides whether to honour the sale contract and sell to the buyer or whether to search an alternative buyer and attempt to default. In the first case, the original buyer on the contract repays the loan on time. This happens in 78% of the cases. If, however, the mill searches for an alternative buyer, the mill might not find one. In this case the original buyer on the contract still repays the loan, but late. This happens in 8% of the cases. If the mill searches for, and finds, an alternative buyer the mill then defaults on the sale contract. At this point, the mill decides whether to also default on the loan or not. If the mill decides to default, the loan is not repaid. This happens in 1% of cases. If, instead, the mill doesn’t default, the loan is repaid late by either the mill directly or by a buyer not originally on the contract. This happens in 13% of the cases (12% on time and 1% late). Our baseline measure of default includes outright defaults as well as being late in repaying the loan (the grey-shaded end nodes in the Figure). The baseline definition has three advantages: i) it rests on a directly observable measure of non-performance on the loan part of the bundle; ii) it is standard in the literature on loans; iii) under the timing of events described above, the baseline definition captures all instances in which the mill attempted to default on the forward sale contract. If defaulting on a forward sale contract does not take time, however, the baseline definition underestimates strategic default by omitting those cases in which the mill or an alternative buyer repay the loan on time (the dash-boxed node in the Figure). Section III reports results in which the empirical tests are conducted using all alternative indicators of default as well as their union. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-ix-relationship-termination-following-a-default-hfi8iucy.png Figure IX: Relationship Termination following a Default: Positive vs Negative Price Surprises https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-strategic-default-i-unexpected-price-increases-and-1s43fa28.png Table II: Strategic Default I: Unexpected price increases and defaults on loans https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-descriptive-statistics-xemimp3q.png Table I: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-a17-contract-selection-selection-of-fixed-versus-1dxb4949.png Table A17: Contract Selection: Selection of fixed versus differential contracts https://scispace.com/papers/strange-mesons-in-nuclear-matter-at-finite-temperature-1mji0dt5e6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-the-k-meson-spectral-function-for-q-0-mev-ss7e4bi9.png FIG. 6. (Color online) The K̄ meson spectral function for q = 0 MeV/c and q = 450 MeV/c at ρ0 and 2ρ0 as a function of the K̄ meson energy for different temperatures and for the selfconsistent calculation including the dressing of baryons and pions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-thek-potential-for-the-full-self-22g7q84u.png FIG. 10. (Color online) TheK potential for the full self-consistent calculation at T = 100 MeV and 0.25ρ0, ρ0, and 2ρ0 as a function of momentum. The K potential at T = 0 and ρ0, including (s + p) waves, is also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-s-o-model-at-finite-temperature-2grspj2e.png TABLE I. σ -ω model at finite temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-the-k-mass-shift-for-t-0-mev-as-a-1qr2hobi.png FIG. 8. (Color online) The K mass shift for T = 0 MeV as a function of density, obtained within the self-consistent calculation and in the Tρ approximation. https://scispace.com/papers/strategic-decision-support-for-urban-service-design-35is3d0914 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-age-friendly-city-under-eight-themes-source-adapted-1f1shqc3.png Figure 3. Age-friendly city under eight themes. (Source: Adapted from WHO, 2007, p.1). https://scispace.com/papers/strategic-groups-and-mobility-barriers-the-level-of-struggle-3t9dcd64az 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ei9qzvmf.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-a-x-test-npk268tk.png Table I-A X Test https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-37ubx7y8.png Table 10 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-25wjfnxe.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-1ovivhd8.png Table 11 https://scispace.com/papers/strategic-judicial-preference-revelation-3w4di7bdx7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-truthful-judicial-votes-by-case-type-3o98cko9.png Figure 3: Truthful Judicial Votes by Case Type https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-voting-strategy-for-a-liberal-justice-under-sc-when-20vshfkc.png Figure 5: Voting Strategy for a Liberal Justice under SC when l/(u+d) is low https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8a-evolution-expected-ideology-of-a-liberal-justice-2ccq7t79.png Figure 8A: Evolution expected ideology of a Liberal Justice under FC and Ψ > 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-judicial-ideology-over-time-with-1syxxs6i.png Figure 1: Examples of Judicial Ideology over Time, with Confidence Intervals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8b-evolution-expected-ideology-of-a-liberal-justice-2wtu33wt.png Figure 8A: Evolution expected ideology of a Liberal Justice under FC and Ψ > 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-voting-strategy-for-a-liberal-justice-under-fc-when-2ut52ays.png Figure 4: Voting Strategy for a Liberal Justice under FC when l/(u+d) is low https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-case-type-and-learning-process-1dx2kbi5.png Figure 2: Case Type and Learning Process https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hlpkhevq.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/strategic-directions-in-computational-geometry-m09grls02q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-state-of-the-art-of-computational-geometry-39o4ncji.png Figure 1. State of the art of computational geometry. https://scispace.com/papers/strategic-paths-and-memory-map-exploring-a-building-and-4mth8do766 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-personalized-screenshot-qm4jjsne.png Fig. 8. A personalized screenshot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-route-of-knowledge-in-the-cheops-pyramid-2coqv201.png Fig. 3. The route of knowledge in the Cheops Pyramid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-logic-and-mechanism-space-based-on-the-film-cube-v7gjwcx0.png Fig. 4. The logic and mechanism space based on the film Cube. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-teleportation-script-in-the-level-editor-unreal-ed-aywmjjqb.png Fig. 10. A teleportation script in the level editor Unreal Ed 4.0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-memory-map-3cq8905k.png Fig. 9. The memory map. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-successive-sequences-of-the-path-defining-a-quest-3ohgt4fd.png Fig. 1. Successive sequences of the path defining a quest. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-teleportation-portal-located-in-the-horizontal-2r76yp6w.png Fig. 5. Teleportation portal located in the horizontal corridor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-room-and-its-doors-in-the-logic-and-mechanism-space-un0t926c.png Fig. 6. A room and its doors in the logic and mechanism space. https://scispace.com/papers/strategic-scenario-construction-made-easy-3za5xfklz1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-short-example-of-scenarios-from-group-3-14pkj5xb.png FIGURE 5: SHORT EXAMPLE OF SCENARIOS FROM GROUP 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scenario-group-activity-2pg03wqi.png FIGURE 4 SCENARIO GROUP ACTIVITY https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-course-in-strategic-forecasting-j7g0spwv.png FIGURE 2: THE COURSE IN STRATEGIC FORECASTING https://scispace.com/papers/strategic-standardisation-of-smart-systems-a-roadmapping-4pqg8h0m8h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-existing-standardisation-roadmapping-exercises-in-1ezpurcu.png Table 1. Existing Standardisation Roadmapping Exercises in Smart Systems https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proposed-process-of-managing-standardisation-2j7581nl.png Figure 2. Proposed Process of Managing Standardisation Roadmapping Exercises for Smart Systems https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-process-for-structuring-successive-roadmapping-3l33ne44.png Figure 1. Process for Structuring Successive Roadmapping Exercises to Support Public-Level Strategy Developments (Ho et al. 2014) https://scispace.com/papers/strategically-creative-a-case-of-the-library-planning-11s5qgbhtp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-name-tags-30mxkmjw.png Figure 3: Name tags. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-signs-prepared-by-one-of-the-participants-38yj120x.png Figure 2: Signs prepared by one of the participants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-planning-theme-1ztnidft.png Figure 1: The planning theme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-presentation-of-a-group-model-lbt1cvuv.png Figure 4: Presentation of a group model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-model-library-as-origami-oxubsogx.png Figure 5: Model ‘Library as origami’. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-survey-responses-about-the-use-of-digital-tools-u8v0oxys.png Table 1: Survey responses about the use of digital tools. https://scispace.com/papers/strategies-for-teaching-object-oriented-concepts-with-java-9e3qv2k28z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-provides-a-synthesis-of-results-that-can-be-1qwjkugc.png Figure 2 provides a synthesis of results that can be obtained from students when using an instances-first approach, showing some of the possible links among objects. In this case, the need for a discriminator to describe each set of objects lead most students to narrow the number of classes. For example, drawing objects for each of the “types” of packages shows that instances do not have different values, operations or links from the viewpoint of the scheduling application. In addition, dubious classes like “Semester” or “PDD” manifest themselves as unnecessary for the given setting for two reasons: it is difficult to imagine more https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shows-a-solution-commonly-obtained-from-students-at-1rl3kd8c.png Figure 3 shows a solution commonly obtained from students at the beginning of the course. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shows-a-more-appropriate-solution-to-the-described-6c2lqqt3.png Figure 2 provides a synthesis of results that can be obtained from students when using an instances-first approach, showing some of the possible links among objects. In this case, the need for a discriminator to describe each set of objects lead most students to narrow the number of classes. For example, drawing objects for each of the “types” of packages shows that instances do not have different values, operations or links from the viewpoint of the scheduling application. In addition, dubious classes like “Semester” or “PDD” manifest themselves as unnecessary for the given setting for two reasons: it is difficult to imagine more https://scispace.com/papers/strategies-for-implementing-change-an-experiential-approach-r4ytz3o29w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coding-of-strategy-2wmbiudl.png Table 1. Coding of Strategy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-use-of-balance-theory-for-the-jesus-christ-study-2w2eb4fo.png Figure 1: Use of Balance Theory for the Jesus Christ Study https://scispace.com/papers/strategies-for-the-connection-of-distributed-power-45tzi2qnzz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-equivalent-circuit-of-a-vsc-connected-to-a-grid-using-25a3nevl.png Fig. 4.- Equivalent circuit of a VSC connected to a grid using an LCL filter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-experimental-results-dpg-with-lc-filter-3i52mhk6.png Fig. 14.- Experimental results. DPG with LC filter synchronization using the positive sequence component of the fundamental voltage. a) State of the breaker, b) dq components of the differential voltage at the breaker terminals, c) inverter current idqi, d) grid current idqg, e) detail of idqg at the instant that the breaker closes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-simulation-results-same-variables-operating-3kf1omk9.png Fig. 12.- Simulation results. Same variables, operating conditions and synchronization strategy as in Fig. 10, using an LCL filter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-experimental-setup-fig-12-shows-the-same-simulation-efqj6gxa.png Fig. 13.- Experimental setup Fig. 12 shows the same simulation results as Fig. 10 but for the case of the LCL filter. The same behavior for the inverter output current and the grid current (see Fig. 12c and 11d) as for the LC simulation test is observed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-generic-vsc-control-diagram-with-voltage-and-current-2z3mx73b.png Fig. 1.- Generic VSC control diagram with voltage and current control loops. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-equivalent-circuit-of-a-vsc-connected-to-a-grid-using-1pc4y5tr.png Fig. 3- Equivalent circuit of a VSC connected to a grid using an LC filter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-connection-of-a-dpg-to-a-distorted-grid-a-grid-current-2ssua3dn.png Fig. 2.- Connection of a DPG to a distorted grid a) grid current idqg, b) zoom of idqg at the instant that the breaker closes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-experimental-results-same-variables-operating-1v7xl8mv.png Fig. 16.- Experimental results. Same variables, operating conditions and synchronization method as in Fig. 14, using an LCL filter. https://scispace.com/papers/strategies-for-traceable-submillimeter-wave-vector-network-4f9kzhld6t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3b-weighted-results-for-the-imaginary-component-of-s21-3i92sxgi.png Fig. 3b. Weighted results for the Imaginary component of S21 for the 270 m line shown previously in Figs. 1b and 2b https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3a-weighted-results-for-the-real-component-of-s21-for-25dktrmt.png Fig. 3b. Weighted results for the Imaginary component of S21 for the 270 m line shown previously in Figs. 1b and 2b https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2b-imaginary-component-of-s21-for-a-270-m-line-showing-2ivkwokm.png Fig. 2b. Imaginary component of S21 for a 270 m line, showing instabilities at approximately 840 GHz and 950 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2a-real-component-of-s21-for-a-270-m-line-showing-1vzdoja1.png Fig. 2b. Imaginary component of S21 for a 270 m line, showing instabilities at approximately 840 GHz and 950 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1b-imaginary-component-of-s21-for-a-270-m-line-as-a-dut-2n843nq8.png Fig. 1b. Imaginary component of S21 for a 270 m line, as a DUT, showing a step change in response at around 880 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1a-real-component-of-s21-for-a-270-m-line-as-a-dut-3k2m5f02.png Fig. 1b. Imaginary component of S21 for a 270 m line, as a DUT, showing a step change in response at around 880 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-3-4-wave-trl-calibration-using-two-lines-np7e1746.png TABLE I ¾-WAVE TRL CALIBRATION USING TWO LINES https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-type-a-and-combined-standard-uncertainties-for-1tb5fa5g.png TABLE II TYPE-A AND COMBINED STANDARD UNCERTAINTIES FOR RESULTS SHOWN IN FIG 3 AT SELECTED FREQUENCIES https://scispace.com/papers/strategies-to-improve-early-diagnosis-in-glaucoma-3mjvg90o28 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-selected-studies-examining-the-diagnostic-2v758z2z.png Table 1 Summary of selected studies examining the diagnostic ability of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) in glaucoma—cont’d https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-28bzct2f.png FIGURE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ch8j8n9q.png FIGURE 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-selected-studies-examining-the-diagnostic-2hn32bhu.png Table 1 Summary of selected studies examining the diagnostic ability of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) in glaucoma—cont’d https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1ac651gf.png FIGURE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3nev6ace.png FIGURE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3o5mitaw.png FIGURE 4 https://scispace.com/papers/strategies-not-accompanied-by-a-mental-health-professional-3lkmvv5vfq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-evidence-from-systematic-review-on-3hoq4k3z.png Table 3: Summary of evidence from systematic review on interventions (without professional help) for children and young adults with depression and anxiety, and implications for clinical practice https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prisma-diagram-for-scoping-review-1crx127n.png Figure 1: PRISMA diagram for scoping review https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-prisma-diagram-for-systematic-review-xf6zezlj.png Figure 2: PRISMA diagram for systematic review https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-scoping-review-of-strategies-or-6rw6uxng.png Table 1: Results of scoping review of strategies or approaches not accompanied by a mental health professional to support and manage anxiety and depression in children, young people, and workingage adults https://scispace.com/papers/strategies-to-implement-edge-computing-in-a-p2p-pervasive-24jfwp9wms 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cloudfit-architecture-stack-2t67doy2.png Figure 1. CloudFIT architecture stack https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-workflow-for-the-ose-detection-framework-3hgrlujb.png Figure 4. Workflow for the OSE detection framework https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-omi-ozone-raw-data-file-for-a-given-day-and-its-3t7i9oy4.png Figure 5. OMI Ozone raw data file for a given day and its JSON representation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-detail-of-ose-analysis-steps-1an7v4rq.png Table 1. Detail of OSE analysis steps https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-absolute-ozone-concentration-and-the-ose-3bf9vkha.png Figure 6. Absolute Ozone concentration and the OSE progression between October 18 to October 22, 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-computing-the-location-key-to-implement-data-2cf5lijx.png Figure 2. Computing the Location key to implement data-proximity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-context-collector-structure-cassales-et-al-2016-3trxrsh2.png Figure 3. Context collector structure (Cassales et al., 2016) https://scispace.com/papers/strategies-of-innovation-in-an-ancient-business-cases-of-the-1z42d9l39s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sales-of-fountain-pens-and-ballpoint-pens-in-23m43hek.png Figure 1 Sales of fountain pens and ballpoint pens – in millions of units (1929–1999) (see online version for colours) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reorganisation-of-the-writing-instruments-industry-1cos3b72.png Figure 2 Reorganisation of the writing instruments industry: acquisitions of Waterman, Parker, and Montblanc https://scispace.com/papers/strategies-to-improve-information-transfer-for-multitrauma-1yfugcaeh2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-intervention-strategies-y827ev3e.png Table 1 Intervention strategies https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-3gqz9f8y.png Table 3 continued https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gold-standard-and-minimum-data-set-required-for-2burqi1n.png Figure 1: Gold standard and minimum data set required for multi-trauma patients at transition https://scispace.com/papers/strategies-towards-improving-pharmacological-management-of-ewpbeiapk1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-medications-used-in-the-management-of-1pnp7rm3.png Table 1. Overview of medications used in the management of asthma during pregnancy[6, 55] 579 Medication Usual Dose Safety Data in https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interdependence-of-factors-influencing-asthma-27i4q72p.png Figure 1. Interdependence of factors influencing asthma management with a focus on optimising asthma 612 control during pregnancy 613 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stepped-approach-to-adjusting-asthma-preventer-6c13jz25.png Figure 2. Stepped approach to adjusting asthma preventer therapy during pregnancy* 583 https://scispace.com/papers/strategies-to-prevent-the-occurrence-of-resistance-against-1u167t5net 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-advanced-anti-infective-and-antibacterial-strategies-16gnjmse.png Table 1: Advanced anti-infective and antibacterial strategies https://scispace.com/figures/figures-1-strategies-to-prevent-amr-precluding-the-design-2syapxbm.png Figures 1 Strategies to prevent AMR precluding the design and development of different advanced materials. Anti-infective strategies to suppress the expression of virulence factors and prevent biofilm growth can be divided into i) anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS), ii) anti-toxins, and iii) antibiofouling (left side). Novel antibiotic alternatives aimed at killing pathogens via non-specific mechanisms related to https://scispace.com/papers/strategy-beyond-the-business-unit-level-corporate-parenting-dpjz398zd3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-growth-gap-3qn673z9.png Figure 1: The growth gap https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-resource-based-view-of-core-competencies-that-1a3m700b.png Figure 4: Resource-based view of core competencies that provide competitive advantage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-vrio-unfocused-corporate-parenting-versus-focused-3w4yk8a4.png Figure 5: VRIO – Unfocused corporate parenting versus focused corporate parenting https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-research-findings-diversification-and-performance1-1sqivzmq.png Figure 3: Research findings – Diversification and performance1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-building-a-focused-corporate-parenting-core-12koycgr.png Figure 6: Building a focused corporate parenting core competence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-progression-through-ansoffs-matrix-vfuwlwdm.png Figure 2: Progression through Ansoff’s Matrix https://scispace.com/papers/strategy-implications-of-world-gas-market-dynamics-1p44e5oyp5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-conventional-gas-reserves-for-the-world-have-38inxm71.png Fig. 3. a: Conventional gas reserves for the world have steadily increased between 1990, 2000 and 2010.Segment size of world region scaled by percentage of global gas reserves [2]. b: Decline of R/P ratios for all world regions is lead by Middle East regression [2]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-forward-short-term-price-curve-for-us-spot-gas-for-2dxatf4o.png Fig. 8. a: Forward short-term price curve for US spot gas for the Henry Hub reference point based on NYMEX futures and slightly higher projections by the Deutsche Bank (Bloomberg Finance LP, NYMEX & Deutsche Bank). b: US gas price projections (annual averages; real, inflation adjusted historic prices) according to 2009 long-term forward model by the Energy Information Administration [11,12]. The AEO 2011 model is the reference scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-annually-averaged-prices-for-natural-gas-mmbtu-w-mcf-3owrpx9s.png Fig. 7. Annually averaged prices for natural gas ($/Mmbtu w $/Mcf) in the world’s major gas markets [2]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-major-gas-trade-flows-bcm-between-world-regions-in-1i5c2z1w.png Fig. 1. Major gas trade flows (bcm) between world regions in 2010 [2]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-us-natural-gas-production-separated-into-reservoir-4it5sv7a.png Fig. 5. a: US natural gas production separated into reservoir type. Tight gas accounts for 28% of US 2010 total gas consumption. Shale gas accounts for 14%, but is DOE/EIA expects this to have tripled by 2035. US gas net imports will be displaced further by growth in the domestic shale gas production [4]. b: The sharp upturn in reported US proved gas reserves over the past decade is entirely due to the development of unconventional gas resources. Total proved reserves graphed are derived from DOE/IEA annual totals [5]. CBM reserves are reported since 1989 [6]. Shale gas reserves have only been separated by EIA since 2007 [7] and have been estimated for the earlier part of this decade. Tight gas reserves are not reported separately by the EIA - the portion of proved tight gas reserves shown is prorated in this study based on EIA production data. https://scispace.com/papers/strategy-for-enhancing-ultrahigh-molecular-weight-block-znwo9die4v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dispersive-polar-and-hydrogen-bonding-values-for-9w3w5i8t.png Table 2. Dispersive, polar and hydrogen bonding values for PSPVP BCPs and solvents studied here. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-polymers-used-for-substrate-surface-modification-2zhzar0v.png Table 1. Polymers used for substrate surface modification, lamellar PS-b-P2VP BCP material characteristics and deposition conditions used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scheme-showing-contrast-between-using-a-ps-t82pr9li.png Figure 1. Scheme showing contrast between using a PS selective or P2VP neutral solvent and observed nanostructure formation for PS-b-P2VP BCPs in this study, in particular for PSPVP2 and UHMW PSPVP3. Note that PSPVP3 required solvent vapor annealing to enhance correlation lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-afm-height-images-of-as-cast-self-assembled-189qaf4m.png Figure 3. AFM height images of as-cast self-assembled lamellar PS-b-P2VP BCP films on Si with molecular weights of (a) 25 kg mol-1 – 25 kg mol-1 (PSPVP1), (b) 102 kg mol-1 – 97 kg mol-1 (PSPVP2) (c) 213 kg mol-1 – 215 kg mol-1 (PSPVP3). (d)-(f) Corresponding SEM images of (a)-(c). Note that films were swollen in ethanol for 10 minutes to provide sufficient contrast for SEM characterization. Scale bars for all AFM and SEM images are 500 nm respectively. (g)-(i) Corresponding GISAXS data for PSPVP1, PSPVP2, and PSPVP3 as-cast films. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-large-period-metallic-and-dielectric-feature-ju69or46.png Figure 5. Large period metallic and dielectric feature formation. (a,b) Top-down SEM images showing Au metallic features from 5 wt. % and 10 wt. % HAuCl4 solutions deposited on PSPVP3 templates and treated with O2 plasma. Insets show high-resolution images of defined Au features, scale bars are 100 nm. (c,d) Top-down SEM images showing AlOx feature formation after SIS treatment for 3 cycles and 5 cycles respectively. Insets show highresolution images of AlOx features, scale bars are 200 nm. Periods in all images are ≈ 110 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-afm-height-images-of-lamellar-ps-b-p2vp-213-kg-mol-2gpb2r0e.png Figure 2. AFM height images of lamellar PS-b-P2VP (213 kg mol-1 – 215 kg mol-1, PSPVP3) BCP films on UV/O3 cleaned Si cast from (a) toluene, (b) chloroform, and (c) PGMEA. Scale bars represent 500 nm. Insets in each image show respective solutions with slightly opaque solution for toluene and transparent solutions for both chloroform and PGMEA. Diameter distributions accessed by dynamic light scattering for corresponding toluene, chloroform and PGMEA solutions are shown in (d)-(f). https://scispace.com/papers/strategy-narratives-and-wellbeing-challenges-the-role-of-4smyp8m9h2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-emergence-of-personal-wellbeing-from-managing-3bhslqqn.png Figure 1: The emergence of personal wellbeing from managing the self in social relationships https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thematic-structure-emerging-from-informants-self-3fxuzg0i.png Table 1: Thematic structure emerging from informants’ self-presentation experiences https://scispace.com/papers/strategy-paradigms-for-the-management-of-quality-dealing-38p92al0ti 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-myzpimtf.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-below-lists-the-theoretical-strategy-paradigms-and-1zufazze.png Table I, below, lists the theoretical strategy paradigms and summarises the implications for the management of quality. https://scispace.com/papers/strategy-proof-compromises-2lym3rb0zn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-lemma-a-1-3hpj9ytt.png Figure 2: Illustration of Lemma A.1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-proof-of-proposition-6-3vv1wfv4.png Figure 1: Illustration of proof of Proposition 6 https://scispace.com/papers/stratification-and-work-in-contemporary-logistics-2i1mdtt2ji 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-numbers-and-annual-earnings-of-selected-us-10jxuvbw.png Table 2 Numbers and Annual Earnings of Selected US Occupations, 2008 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hours-worked-by-heavy-goods-drivers-in-the-uk-2ep104y5.png Table 1 Hours Worked by Heavy Goods Drivers in the UK https://scispace.com/papers/strategy-proof-judgment-aggregation-4dywq732lz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-discursive-paradox-n6w5offq.png Table 1: The discursive paradox https://scispace.com/papers/stratified-sampling-estimation-of-pdl-induced-outage-2lrhtovrut 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-op-versus-pdl-rms-of-a-15-channel-32-gbaud-pdm-qpsk-nk29uos3.png Fig. 8. OP versus PDL rms of a 15-channel 32 Gbaud PDM-QPSK system in a 30 × 100 km DM link with dispersion 4 ps/nm/km, in presence/absence of PMD= 0.13 ps/ √ km. P = −1.5 dBm and OSNR = 15.7 dB/0.1 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-op-rms-error-normalized-to-true-op-versus-number-of-2083v22q.png Fig. 7. OP rms error normalized to true OP versus number of runs for MC and SS algorithms, at OP = 2.3 × 10−3 , with ρtrm s = 3.3 dB and OSNR = 12.8 dB/0.1 nm. Linear propagation without PMD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-op-versus-rms-pdl-of-a-15-channel-32gbaud-pdm-qpsk-1d4o9fgw.png Fig. 9. OP versus rms PDL of a 15-channel 32Gbaud PDM-QPSK system in a 35 × 100 km DU link with dispersion 4 ps/nm/km, in presence/absence of PMD= 0.13 ps/ √ km. P = −0.5 dBm and OSNR = 16.1 dB/0.1 nm. Inset: Average Q-factor versus rms PDL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-proposed-adaptive-ss-is-op-estimation-3m3ro67i.png Fig. 1. Block diagram of proposed adaptive SS-IS OP estimation. The dotted box is the SS control unit of the accept/reject input sieve that implements the warped PDL input distribution f ∗X (X ). If the stratum test is passed (with probability W (l)), the corresponding PDL realization X is accepted for propagation in the true system, yielding a BER sample and an outage indicator IO . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-distribution-in-the-rh-rt-plane-of-ss-driven-2500-pdl-21y78hal.png Fig. 10. Distribution in the (ρh , ρt ) plane of SS-driven 2500 PDL realizations, from which we computed the OP in Fig. 9 for the nonlinear DU system without PMD at ρtrm s = 2.4 dB. Cross: Outage. Dot: No-outage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sketch-of-ss-idea-we-divide-the-rh-rt-plane-into-l-dtg0uhas.png Fig. 3. Sketch of SS idea. We divide the (ρh , ρt ) plane into L frames (strata) identified by multiples of the median value of the corresponding PDL. We then run an MC simulation in each stratum, by increasing the number of samples in frames showing poorer accuracy. Contour levels represent an example of the joint PDF of PDL (ρh , ρt ), for N = 30 elements having PDL ρi = 0.8 dB, i = 1, . . . , 30. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-basic-transmission-corrupted-by-pdl-and-noise-169vac1h.png Fig. 2. Basic transmission corrupted by PDL and noise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pdf-ft-t-h-h-of-the-total-pdl-conditioned-to-a-random-3hx7yvai.png Fig. 4. PDF fT (t | H = h) of the total PDL conditioned to a random choice of the PDL cumulated in the first half of the link. Circles: MC simulations. Dashed lines: exact solution (10). Dash-dotted lines: asymptotic solution (13) for large N . https://scispace.com/papers/strategy-proof-contract-auctions-and-the-role-of-ties-37ygfojn4x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustrating-the-argument-in-the-proof-of-theorem-2-2856yb3q.png Figure 3: Illustrating the argument in the proof of Theorem 2, showing that, if we assume f(u) 6= ω∗i , we arrive at a contradiction. The gray zones on the right represent the unacceptable outcomes for bidder i under ui and ûi. The outcomes in the gray area on the left bidder i cannot choose, because they yield a lower payoff to the center than the maximal highest acceptable bids of the other bidders. If bidder i would receive ui(f(u)), she could increase her utility by misrepresenting her true preferences ui by ûi. Then, outcome f(u) would no longer be acceptable (light gray zone). Moreover, there would still be an outcome ω′i that is acceptable under ûi and for which u0(ω ′ i) > u0(ωj). Thus, by bidding ω ′ i, bidder i would still win. Bidder i would then receive an outcome that is acceptable for her under ûi (in the white area) and which yields i a strictly higher utility under ui than f(u). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-illustrating-the-notations-here-oi-9-i-and-1pu9lvko.png Figure 2: Example illustrating the notations. Here ωi = (9, i) and ωj = (4, j) and, thus, Ωi(u) = {(9, i)} and Ωj(u) = {(4, j)}. The outcome in the darker gray area are unacceptable for bidder i. The outcomes that lie either in the lighter or the darker gray area are unacceptable to bidder j. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-situation-described-in-example-1-the-solid-3mrlgsfs.png Figure 1: The situation described in Example 1. The solid curves are indifference curves for the center, the dashed curves are indifference curves for Firm 1, and the dotted curve is an indifference curve for Firm 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-qva-i-is-not-strategy-proof-in-case-there-is-a-3ajsd9oz.png Figure 5: The QVA-i is not strategy-proof in case there is a tie at ωi where i loses the tie-breaking, because ω̂i is a manipulation where i may still select ωi as a final outcome. The QVA+, however, is strategy-proof, because a winner may only select among outcomes that are potentially winning (or that are limit points of sequences of potentially winning outcomes). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-notations-2vx7qbn2.png Table 1: Overview of notations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-setting-used-in-the-proof-of-proposition-1-kprksf76.png Figure 4: The setting used in the proof of Proposition 1, illustrating that the QVA is not strategy-proof if utility is not weakly transferable. Moreover, in the proof of Proposition 2 this example is used to show that there is no mechanism that is strategy-proof, and also chooses outcomes that are stable and Pareto efficient. Again, the gray zone indicates the unacceptable outcomes to the bidders. https://scispace.com/papers/stratigraphic-architecture-and-hierarchy-of-fluvial-overbank-4ewvmri0u7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-overview-of-impact-stacking-styles-and-planform-2s8w4klb.png Fig. 12. Overview of impact stacking styles and planform morphology on resultant 1012 stratigraphic architecture(a) Stacking patterns of splay elements in complex are variable; 1013 two-end member models are presented for stacking pattern styles: progradational stacking 1014 patterns and compensational stacking patterns. Progradational stacking patterns result in 1015 coarsening and thickening upwards and an elongate planform shape whereby the complex 1016 width is shorter than the length. Compensational stacking patterns result in different 1017 vertical profiles depending on planform position of the vertical section. These profiles range 1018 from: (i) no trend in vertical profile; (ii) fining and thinning-up trends; (iii) coarsening and 1019 thickening-upwards trends. This can result in the complex being represented by stacks of 1020 splays in some sections whereas elsewhere it might be represented only by a single 1021 element. (b): Stacking patterns in crevasse complexes and implications for sand 1022 connectivity. (c): Crevasse splay deposits can connect at the longitudinal fringes of the 1023 complexes or at their lateral margins. The latter scenario is more likely to produce larger 1024 bodies of preserved sand. 1025 1026 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-facies-types-documented-in-morrison-formation-and-4fbnwgt9.png Table 1. Facies types documented in Morrison Formation and Mesaverde Group 1036 https://scispace.com/papers/stratigraphy-of-the-port-nolloth-group-of-namibia-and-south-1ug4rr6ahl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-chemo-stratigraphic-correlations-of-the-png-in-south-nv5rmm8c.png Fig. 5. Chemo-stratigraphic correlations of the PNG in South Africa. Locations of sections are in figures 1 and 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-composite-carbon-isotope-curve-of-the-png-plotted-326mqh3y.png Fig. 6. Composite carbon isotope curve of the PNG plotted against time. Boxes representing the glacial events are faded to lighter shades to represent the uncertainty in the maximum age constraint for the Sturtian glaciation and for the minimum age constraint for the Marinoan glaciation. Pre-Numees data are from the Skorpion mine area and post-Numees data are from Namaskluft Farm and Dreigratberg. Carbon isotope anomalies are discussed in text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-geological-maps-of-a-namaskluft-camp-b-namaskluft-farm-2n7fcir5.png Fig. 3. Geological maps of (A) Namaskluft Camp, (B) Namaskluft Farm, (C) Dreigratberg, and the (D) Kaigas River region. Legend is the same as figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-chemo-stratigraphic-correlations-of-the-png-in-namibia-377fin6j.png Fig. 4. Chemo-stratigraphic correlations of the PNG in Namibia. Trekpoort Farm is located near Skorpion mine. Locations of sections are in figures 1 and 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geological-map-of-the-gariep-belt-autochthon-with-2fn8kvvy.png Fig. 1. Geological map of the Gariep Belt autochthon with inset of location map. Mapping southwest of Rosh Pinah modified from Von Veh (1993). Boxes mark the extent of the small-scale maps in figure 3. Stars mark locations discussed in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-field-photographs-a-iron-formation-with-dropstone-in-myylvif9.png Fig. 2. Field photographs: (A) iron formation with dropstone in Numees Formation, northwest of Dreigratberg syncline, coin for scale is 2.5 cm in diameter; (B) microbialaminite of Bloeddrif member from Namaskluft Camp, ballpoint pen for scale; (C) carbonate dropstone in the Namaskluft diamictite at Dreigratberg, coin for scale is 2.0 cm in diameter; (D) tubestone stromatolites in plan view in the Dreigratberg cap carbonate on the top of the escarpment near Namaskluft Farm, lighter for scale; (E) giant wave ripples in the Dreigratberg cap carbonate on the top of the escarpment near Namaskluft Farm, 33 cm hammer for scale; (F) sheet-crack cements in the Dreigratberg cap carbonate at Dreigratberg, 33 cm hammer for scale. https://scispace.com/papers/strawb2-stress-and-wellbeing-after-childbirth-a-randomised-2jfoeufenw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-trial-outcomes-self-help-intervention-versus-usual-1b6rk20c.png Table 2: Trial outcomes: Self-help (intervention) versus Usual care (control) Intention to treat analysis (followed-up women). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-consort-diagram-2-1py6kat8.png Figure 1: CONSORT diagram 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-obstetric-self-help-intervention-1eckq6zc.png Table 1: Demographic and Obstetric: Self-help (intervention) versus Usual care (control) (randomised women). https://scispace.com/papers/stratum-corneum-lipid-matrix-with-unusual-packing-a-4bfe127aso 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-snapshots-of-nrd-red-sticks-interaction-with-the-1mvxt4n2.png Fig. 3. Snapshots of NRD (red sticks) interaction with the different lipidic structures. Top: Configuration of LM and 200 NRD molecules after 1200 ns in water (LM in wide colored sticks (a) and ice blue surface (b) representations). Middle: initial (c) and after 600 ns (d) snapshots of 5 NRD interacting with the sebum sphere (at translucid surface) simulation. Bottom: initial (e) and after 600 ns (f) snapshots of 5 NRD (in red) interacting with the old LM model (translucid surface). The water molecules in all systems were excluded for clarity. Note that all the NRD molecules in (c) and (e) snapshots are outside the lipidic structures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-iwai-lm-model-15-with-one-chol-and-one-ffa-14s3c5cg.png Fig. 1. (a) Iwai LM model [15], with one CHOL and one FFA highlighted in yellow and grey, respectively. Developed LM models, with two ((b) - DOUB model) and four layers ((c) - BIDOUB model). The lipids in the computational models are represented by wide sticks, with the CER in cyan, the CHOL at yellow and the FFA in grey. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-lipidic-systems-snapshots-after-600-ns-of-interaction-1qh85m1e.png Fig. 4. Lipidic systems snapshots after 600 ns of interaction simulations with PLX polymers in water. (a) Developed LM model. (b) Sebum model. (c) Old LM model. The developed and old LM models were represented by wide sticks, with CER at cyan (with head groups at pink), CHOL at yellow, CHOLS at lime (only in the old model) and FFA at gray. The sebum sphere is represented as an ice blue surface. The PEO monomers of PLX (hydrophilic) are depicted as green sticks while the PPO (hydrophobic) are orange. The water was omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-evolution-snapshots-of-the-interaction-2ylp25co.png Fig. 5. Time evolution snapshots of the interaction simulations between the sebum and the developed LM model (top), and old LM model (bottom). The LM is represented as sticks and the sebum as surface. The sebum is translucid in the 600 ns top snapshot to reveal the CHOL molecules drifted from the LM to the sebum interior (yellow sticks). The color code is the same from previous figures. The water is omitted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-snapshots-of-steered-simulation-evolution-with-one-1jr5q3pk.png Fig. 6. (a) Snapshots of steered simulation evolution with one NRD pulled through the LM model. The same representation type of the previous figures was used. (b) Calculated PMF variation for the steered simulation of NRD (red line), and water (blue line) crossing the LM model. (c) Calculated PMF variation for NRD pulling simulations through the LM model (black line), the old LM model (gray line), and the sebum model (blue line). The z is relative to the center of the simulation box. The middle of LM is around 1 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sebum-model-mass-fraction-composition-the-tail-wc6tzkmm.png Table 1 Sebum model mass fraction composition. The tail length corresponds to the number of carbons in the lipids aliphatic chains (except to cholesterol which is not linear), the “x2” and “x3” indicates the number of equal tails that the lipid has (2 and 3, respectively). The cholesterol oleate has a lipid tail of 18 carbons (27 carbons of cholesterol and 18 of the tail). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-configurations-after-600-ns-of-sebum-lipids-self-9vs7r8y7.png Fig. 2. Configurations after 600 ns of sebum lipids self-assembling simulations. (a) Sebum lipids in water assembled into a spherical structure. (b) Sebum lipids assembled in the vacuum. (c) The previous system after simulation in water. The water molecules present above and below the lipids, were omitted for clarity. The lipids are depicted as wide sticks, with the following color code: SQ: blue; PA: red; PO: ice-blue; PP: orange; OO: mauve; TP: lime; TO: black; CHOL: green; CHOLO: pink. https://scispace.com/papers/stream-clustering-and-visualization-of-geotagged-text-data-3vxngfeoct 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-system-architecture-diagram-z0u0tf0l.png Figure 7: system architecture diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-demonstrates-stop-word-removal-1ljgx39e.png Figure 3: demonstrates stop word removal https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-demonstrates-individual-terms-the-reduced-to-2j4e9hhc.png Figure 2: demonstrates individual terms the reduced to lowercase https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-diagram-of-snapshot-source-21-srgytwxs.png Figure 5: diagram of snapshot. (source [21]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-evaluation-of-k-means-clustering-results-1qu7c0ry.png Figure 10: evaluation of k-means clustering results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-demonstrates-a-text-message-being-broken-up-into-7twh6v95.png Figure 1: demonstrates a text message being broken up into individual tokens and punctuation is removed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-our-web-application-visual-interface-2ubi46l1.png Figure 12: our web application visual interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-evaluation-of-hierarchical-clustering-results-2xcbdb3k.png Figure 11: evaluation of hierarchical clustering results https://scispace.com/papers/stream-macroalgae-of-the-hawaiian-islands-a-floristic-survey-hllanm2gch 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2krbb8on.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-1g2y1kyx.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cluster-dendrogram-of-the-hawaiian-islands-sampled-1uy1xs8n.png Figure 4. Cluster dendrogram of the Hawaiian Islands sampled during the study based on Sørensen’s similarity index and the UPGMA algorithm (shared presence or absence of each taxon on each island). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-q4rr6qg5.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-proportion-of-identifications-from-each-island-3fvbjvpa.png Figure 2. The proportion of identifications from each island represented by each broad taxonomic category (Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, Bacillariophyta, and Tribophyta). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-principal-coordinates-analysis-bi-plot-of-stream-1jt3jm43.png Figure 3. Principal coordinates analysis bi-plot of stream sites, based on presence or absence of each taxon identified during the entire study. The first principal coordinates axis accounts for 7.9% of the variation, and the second accounts for 6.9%. The distribution of sites on the plot indicates that the islands display considerable overlap in their taxonomic composition of stream algae, although sites on Hawai‘i Island are more localized on the right side of the plot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graphical-summary-of-physical-and-chemical-2pn2xhst.png Figure 1. Graphical summary of physical and chemical conditions measured at stream sites, averaged by island (error bars illustrate standard deviations). https://scispace.com/papers/streaming-of-repeated-noise-in-primary-and-secondary-fields-nikjkspjoj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-selective-foreground-enhancement-in-a1-and-peg-a-3mkunf2u.png Figure 6. Selective foreground enhancement in A1 and PEG. A, Scatter plots of Gf versus Gb gain during the repeating segment of each trial. Gain parameters are plotted for the stream-dependent model fit to each unit–target pair in A1 (left) and PEG (right). Distributions for Gf and Gb are shown in the margins of each plot. Colored circles indicate significant foreground enhancement (dark purple) or suppression (light purple) as assessed by the 95% confidence interval not overlapping with 0. Gray indicates no significant difference. Orange and blue circles refer to A1 example units (Fig. 4), and green and yellow to PEG example units (Fig. 5). B, Foreground enhancement (E = Gf Gb, stream-dependent model) plotted against global gain change (Gg , stream-independent model) in A1 (left) and PEG (right). Colors are as in A. Legend shows n. Mean foreground enhancement was significantly greater than zero in both areas (A1: mean6 SEM 0.1246 0.040; n = 304 unit–target pairs; p= 0.004, Wilcoxon signed-rank; sum of ranks = 18,778; PEG: mean6 SEM 0.4166 0.042; n= 276 unit–target pairs; p, 0.0001, Wilcoxon signed-rank; sum of ranks = 7610). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regression-analysis-of-auditory-tuning-effects-on-ng9ixc3a.png Table 1. Regression analysis of auditory tuning effects on foreground enhancement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-peg-units-showing-foreground-enhancement-of-3vib6yu6.png Figure 5. Example PEG units showing foreground enhancement of responses to repeating noise. A, Raster and PSTH data for a unit from PEG, plotted as in Figure 4. This unit had a smaller overall response to the repeating segment compared with the random segment (Go = 0.493; Gg= 0.250), indicating some neural adaptation. Despite this adaptation, this unit had a significant foreground enhancement (E= 1.308) due to the suppression of background (Gb= 1.316) but no change of foreground (Gf = 0.009). B, Same as in A for a second unit in PEG. This unit showed facilitation of the overall response (Go = 0.425; Gg = 0.104). When broken down by stream, a second PEG unit underwent foreground enhancement (E= 2.163) due to the suppression of background (Gb = 1.551) and the enhancement of foreground (Gf= 0.612). Colored dots near each unit name identify their points in Figure 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-improved-performance-by-the-stream-dependent-model-14r1psgq.png Figure 9. Improved performance by the stream-dependent model predicts foreground enhancement. Scatter plot compares foreground enhancement against the difference in prediction correlation coefficient between stream-dependent and segment-only models in A1 (left) and PEG (right). Each circle represents a unit–target pair. Dashed line indicates a linear fit to the data. Units showing significant enhancement for the stream-dependent model are indicated in purple. Headings indicate the mean prediction correlation (Pearson’s r) and corresponding p value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ferrets-are-sensitive-to-repetitions-embedded-in-g6szrc74.png Figure 1. Ferrets are sensitive to repetitions embedded in mixtures. A, Ferrets were trained to respond to sound repetition by licking a waterspout. B, Schematic of the go/no-go task and spectrograms of repetition embedded noise stimuli from an example behavioral trial. Animals were exposed to the combination (bottom spectrogram) of the following two overlapping streams: a foreground stream containing a target sample (top); and a background stream, a nonrepeating sequence of noise samples (middle). In this example, the target sample (orange boxes, bottom) starts repeating after three random noise samples (gray boxes). The gray dashed line marks the first occurrence of the target sample (pale orange box), which is included in the random segment for analysis. The transition between random and repeating segment is marked by the orange dashed line and occurs when the target sample is first repeated. Animals were trained to withhold licking during the random segment (4–6 s). To receive a water reward, they had to lick the waterspout following repetition onset. C, Distribution of DI across behavior sessions for ferret O (n=636; mean, 0.60; gray arrow) and ferret H (n=504; mean, 0.64; black arrow) after training was completed. For both animals, average performance was significantly better than average performance computed after shuffling response times across trials (mean shuffled DI = 0.53 for both animals; dashed line, p, 0.0001). D, Mean reaction time relative to the onset of each noise sample slot in the random segment. Reaction times for target samples appearing in the random phase were identical to nontarget samples appearing at the same time relative to the onset of repetition, indicating that animals did not preferentially respond to the identity of the target sample. Shading indicates SEM. Only data from 250ms noise samples are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-activity-in-both-a1-and-peg-was-suppressed-during-17lgky4b.png Figure 2. Activity in both A1 and PEG was suppressed during the repeating segment. A, Schematic of two trials during electrophysiological recordings. The background stream consisted entirely of randomly chosen noise samples (gray). The foreground stream contained randomly chosen samples during the random segment, which sometimes included the target sample (T). The final pair of noise samples in the random segment included the target (light orange) as it had not yet begun to repeat. Average PSTH responses to each pair of samples that contained the target (thick rectangles) were computed separately for the random segment (black) and repeating segment (dark red). Target samples were subsampled from the repeating segment to match counts between random and repeating segments (see Materials and Methods). To minimize effects of stimulus onset adaptation, the very first pair of samples at the beginning of the trial was always excluded from the analysis, even if the pair included the target sample. B, Distribution of observed gain change (Go) between random and repeating segments in A1 and PEG. The majority of target responses were suppressed (Go, 0) during the repeating segment. Red dashed line indicates 0 (i.e., no difference between segments). Since results may depend on how well the unit responded to the target, all analyses of neural responses were performed separately for each unique unit–target pair (A1: mean6 SEM Go = 0.6346 0.038; n= 300; one-sample t test, null hypothesis population mean= 0, t statistic = 16.72; p, 0.0001; PEG: mean6 SEM Go 0.6986 0.049; n= 259; one-sample t test, null hypothesis population mean= 0, t statistic = 14.11; p, 0.0001). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-strf-based-model-corroborates-psth-based-model-238f0ji3.png Figure 8. STRF-based model corroborates PSTH-based model findings of stream-specific gain changes in A1 and PEG. A, Schematic of the STRF-based encoding models. Left to right, Spectrograms of the foreground and background streams are scaled by context-dependent gain. Separate gain terms are applied to the Gf and Gb streams during the repeating segment. The sum of the scaled spectrograms then provides input to a traditional linear–nonlinear STRF, which in turn predicts the time-varying response. For the stream-independent model (bottom right), stream identity was shuffled, leading to similar gain for both streams. For the stream-dependent model, gains could differ. In this example, the higher gain for the foreground emphasizes the repeating noise sample (top right). B, Time-varying response for example unit in A for the actual unit response (gray), stream-independent model prediction (blue), and stream-dependent model prediction (orange). Prediction correlation (Pearson’s r) between predicted and actual time-varying neural responses is reported for the two models. C, Mean prediction correlation coefficient (Pearson’s r) between the predicted and actual time-varying neural responses for A1 and PEG units, plotted for the stream-independent (gray) and stream-dependent (black) PSTH-based models (Fig. 6, scatter plots). D, Mean prediction correlation (Pearson’s r) between the predicted and actual time-varying neural responses for STRF-based models across A1 and PEG units. Asterisks indicate significant differences for p values associated with Wilcoxon signed-rank test within-area model comparisons [baseline vs stream-independent for A1 (n= 141, p, 0.0001) and for PEG (n= 106, p, 0.0001); stream-dependent vs stream-independent for A1 (p= 0.0007) and PEG (p= 0.0139, Wilcoxon signed-rank test)]. E, Mean foreground enhancement for STRF-based models (A1, 0.1806 0.024; PEG, 0.2986 0.024) and PSTH-based models (A1, 0.1246 0.040; PEG, 0.4166 0.042). Asterisks indicate p values associated with an independent two-sample t test between values of foreground enhancement in A1 and PEG. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-relationship-between-target-preference-and-1bcbavy9.png Figure 7. Relationship between target preference and sparseness in A1 and PEG units. A, Illustration of responses to individual noise samples for a unit with moderate sparseness (S = 0.13) that responded strongly to only a few samples. Each row of the heatmap represents the PSTH response of the unit to one of the noise samples. Rows are ordered according to the sample preference, as shown in the right panel (Eq. 5). B, Scatter plot of target versus lifetime sparseness for each unit recorded from A1 and PEG. Target preference quantifies the response of a given unit to a target sample compared with all 20 noise samples. Lifetime sparseness measures selectivity for the noise samples. Values of sparseness near 0 indicate units that responded similarly to all noise samples, and values near 1 indicate units that responded preferentially to a small number of samples. Units with high sparseness had a greater variability in target preference. C, Scatter plots of foreground enhancement as a function of target preference and sparseness in A1 (left) and PEG (right). Because sparseness and target preference are correlated, possible relationships with foreground enhancement were tested using a regression model, which is detailed in Table 1. Briefly, the regression identifies no significant relationship between sparseness and foreground enhancement in either area (p. 0.05). However, units in A1 with strong target preference tended to show stronger foreground enhancement (A1, p, 0.0001). https://scispace.com/papers/streamflow-pattern-variations-resulting-from-future-climate-2l8i7afvq7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-variation-of-spring-runoff-from-march-to-may-in-the-ap29bl3m.png Figure 3. Variation of spring runoff (from March to May) in the Kaidu River under CanESM (a) and BNU-ESM (c) and in the Manasi River under CanESM (b) and BNU-ESM (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-variation-of-annual-runoff-in-the-kaidu-river-under-3ap9ps5w.png Figure 2. Variation of annual runoff in the Kaidu River under CanESM (a) and BNU-ESM (c) and in the Manasi River under CanESM (b) and BNU-ESM (d) in the future. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-the-kaidu-river-lower-watershed-and-the-nax2lk2q.png Figure 1. Location of the Kaidu River (lower) watershed and the Manasi River (upper) watershed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-variation-of-summer-runoff-from-june-to-august-in-29p5zmnh.png Figure 4. Variation of summer runoff (from June to August) in the Kaidu River under CanESM (a) and BNU-ESM (c) and in the Manasi River under CanESM (b) and BNU-ESM (d). https://scispace.com/papers/streamlined-use-of-protein-structures-in-variant-analysis-4y7h2oc9vf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-aquaria-view-of-three-variants-in-sars-cov-2-s-protein-22250ttc.png Fig. 3. Aquaria view of three variants in SARS-CoV-2 S protein. (A) In this PDB entry (6zxn; Hanke et al. 2020), only one of the variants (E484K) occurs very closely to a site binding with ‘Tyl’ (B), a nanobody, shown with semi-transparent coloring, known to block binding to ACE2. Thus, the other two mutations (K417N and N501Y) may have little effect on Tyl binding. (C) Two sources suggest that N501Y will change function. 34 structures are available containing the variant, and the variant has been identified in a number of lineages. (D) This residue position has medium sensitivity to mutation, low conservation, and is part of a region involved in homooligomerization and in binding to cell surface receptors. 556 structures are available for this position. Made using Aquaria and edited in Keynote. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-api-calls-to-external-servers-used-to-retrieve-variant-pmk5vyh2.png Fig. 1. API calls to external servers used to retrieve variant information shown in the popup on an Aquaria client. API calls shown with light grey coloring are called only once. Dark coloring indicates repeated API calls, which are used to iterate through lists of features. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-aquaria-view-of-two-cancer-driving-variants-in-human-j4pfxvd6.png Fig. 2. Aquaria view of two cancer-driving variants in human NRAS. (A) Residue Gly12 is close to a GTP binding site; mutations in this residue may affect this critical interaction. (B) The sequence position of each variant is shown in red; hovering over a variant opens a popup. (C) Popup showing variant information aggregated from multiple sources. (D) Shows information about the residue position. (E) One of the specified variants (Gln61Arg) occurs in a region that is missing in this PDB entry (3con; Nedyalkova et al. 2017). Made using Aquaria and edited in Keynote. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notation-for-variants-currently-supported-by-2h1yre71.png Table 1. Notation for variants currently supported by Aquaria’s URL schema https://scispace.com/papers/streamwise-counter-rotating-vortices-generated-by-triangular-4ywxujjs6x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cross-sectional-views-of-streamwise-counter-rotating-3uk7nb1b.png Fig. 6 Cross-sectional views of streamwise counter-rotating vortices for Plate B at Reλ = 3080 for some streamwise positions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparisons-of-vortex-height-with-blasius-boundary-qhgia49h.png Table 2 Comparisons of vortex height with Blasius boundary layer thickness at various streamwise locations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-suction-of-the-smoke-streaks-in-to-the-holes-top-3bybp9lm.png Fig. 7 Suction of the smoke streaks in to the holes (Top surface) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-flat-plate-with-leading-edge-pattern-a-20ruwh4w.png Fig. 1 Schematic of flat plate with leading edge pattern (a) side view and (b) Top view of positions of the spanwise holes (A= amplitude of the pattern and λ= wavelength of the pattern) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-experimental-setup-2oocmy18.png Fig. 2 Schematic of experimental setup https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-test-parameters-and-conditions-2prrvd5z.png Table 1 Test parameters and conditions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cross-sectional-views-of-streamwise-counter-rotating-3nrgl6hn.png Fig. 3 Cross-sectional views of streamwise counter-rotating vortices for the reference plate at Reλ = 3080 for some streamwise positions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-of-the-formation-of-streamwise-counter-fktw8jgf.png Fig. 4 Schematic of the formation of streamwise counter-rotating vortices on a flat plate with triangular leading edge pattern https://scispace.com/papers/streaming-random-forests-4xzesb5zn4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-11-classification-errors-of-the-forest-for-2s1o58e7.png Figure 5.11: Classification errors of the forest for synthetic data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-8-values-treemin-through-execution-3dfz0vkw.png Figure 4.8: Values treemin through execution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-14-entropy-values-for-specphoto-dataset-3z56yqwj.png Figure 5.14: Entropy values for SpecPhoto dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-main-flow-of-the-algorithm-25wsd1wx.png Figure A.1: Main flow of the algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-6-values-of-mg-mg-mgthreshold-and-mgthreshold-for-24hrj8uh.png Figure 5.6: Values of mg, mg′, mgthreshold, and mg′threshold for PhotoObj dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-noise-and-classification-error-relation-on-6rdiqgf5.png Figure 3.2: Noise and classification error relation on synthetic data generated using the DataGen tool https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-entropy-versus-number-of-records-1mo4hqeu.png Figure 4.3: Entropy versus number of records https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-15-classification-errors-of-random-forests-for-2nu4mjms.png Figure 5.15: Classification errors of Random Forests for SpecPhoto dataset https://scispace.com/papers/streamline-patterns-and-their-bifurcations-near-a-wall-with-3ximu8ve6v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bifurcation-of-streamline-patterns-for-the-codimension-tdgis3sl.png FIG. 3. Bifurcation of streamline patterns for the codimension one normal form 41 as the bifurcation parameter E changes sign. The top row is a bubble merging bifurcation s=−1 , where two critical points on the surface merge and lift off the surface as E is decreased. The bottom row is a bubble creation bifurcation s= +1 ; here a recirculating zone attached to the surface is created as E is decreased. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-bifurcation-diagrams-in-the-c-parameter-plane-for-30pgik6t.png FIG. 5. Bifurcation diagrams in the c , parameter plane for fixed values of and a. The fixed rotlet is marked by a . a =0.5, a=0.01. Streamline patterns corresponding to the three markers are shown in Fig. 6. b https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-streamline-patterns-corresponding-to-the-three-markers-2vk5ce71.png FIG. 6. Streamline patterns corresponding to the three markers in Fig. 5 a . In all cases = /4. a c=0.28. b c=0.50. c c=0.71. The heavy lines are dividing streamlines from the on-wall stagnation points. d A blowup of the region close to the left on-wall stagnation point in b . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-flow-patterns-close-to-a-codimension-2-point-c-0-5162-3o42mgyz.png FIG. 7. Flow patterns close to a codimension 2 point, c , = 0.516,2.93 for =−0.5, a=0.01, are shown in a – c . A blowup of the corresponding bifurcation diagram in Fig. 5 b is shown in d . a c=0.535, =2.91. b c=0.502, =2.91. c c=0.522, =2.97. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-local-streamline-pattern-near-a-regular-stagnation-2qjdse1i.png FIG. 1. Local streamline pattern near a regular stagnation point on the surface. The dividing streamline intersects the surface at a right angle. a Separation, a11 0. b Attachment, a11 0. Here and in Figs. 2–4, the horizontal line represents the wall y=0 in the transformed coordinates defined in 7 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-local-streamline-patterns-near-degenerate-critical-1201t7ww.png FIG. 2. Local streamline patterns near degenerate critical points on the surface. a Here a11=0, a03, and a21 opposite sign. Two separatrices go into the fluid from the critical point. b Here a11=0, a03,and a21 same sign. No separatrices exist. c Here a11=a21=0, a03 0, a31 0. A single separatrix, tangent to the surface, enters the flow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bifurcation-diagram-for-the-codimension-two-normal-380fib0q.png FIG. 4. Bifurcation diagram for the codimension two normal form 55 . In each sector, bounded by the heavy bifurcation curves, the corresponding streamline pattern is shown. The degenerate patterns occurring on the bifurcation curves is shown inside circles. The bifurcation at G=0,F 0 is a creation/destruction of two off-surface critical points cusp bifurcation . At G=−3 3 F2 /4 ,F 0, a bubble merging bifurcation occurs; cf. the top row of Fig. 3. At G=−3 3 F2 /4 ,F 0 a bubble creation bifurcation occurs; cf. the bottom row of Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/papers/strength-and-conditioning-for-british-soldiers-m7126226gi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effective-training-systems-to-enhance-aerobic-eh1gh7wc.png Table 4 Effective training systems to enhance aerobic capacity (20) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-force-velocity-curve-illustrating-that-force-and-3s5jv9th.png Figure 2. Force-velocity curve illustrating that force and velocity share an inverse relationship. The curve represents power output, and the point at which a task features on this curve is dependent of the mass of an object as in general, but certainly during training, our intent is always to perform with maximum explosive power. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-interval-distances-for-high-intensity-interval-3izhsil0.png Table 5 Interval distances for high-intensity interval training calculated using a 1.5-mile run time of 10 minutes (4) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-force-time-curveau15-whereby-the-initial-slope-pg20eqab.png Figure 1. Force-time curveAU15 whereby the initial slope represents rate of force development (RFD) and is considered most important for movements com- https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-percentage-of-a-soldiers-1rm-in-the-back-squat-3p9yr0uj.png Table 2 The percentage of a soldier’s 1RM in the back squat https://scispace.com/papers/street-stops-and-police-legitimacy-teachable-moments-in-1o7osec2vw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ols-regressions-of-personal-past-year-stop-25z6f8rr.png Table 3. OLS Regressions of Personal past Year stop Experiences on Legitimacy (b, SE, p). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ols-regressions-of-lifetime-personal-and-general-2q7nsi6b.png Table 2. OLS Regressions of Lifetime Personal and General Stop Experience on Police Legitimacy (b, SE, p) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-n-1261-a-1t0bhf7e.png Table 1: Sample Characteristics (N=1,261)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-ols-regressions-of-legitimacy-of-police-on-law-17h48eob.png Table 6. OLS Regressions of Legitimacy of Police on Law Related https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ols-regression-of-stop-exposure-on-personal-and-1ggoxthd.png Table 5. OLS Regression of Stop Exposure on Personal and General Evaluations of Police Behavior (b, SE) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ols-regressions-of-respondent-perceptions-of-3onkdg3v.png Table 4. OLS Regressions of Respondent Perceptions of Neighborhood Stop Actions on Perceived Legitimacy (b, SE, p) https://scispace.com/papers/strengthening-north-south-partnerships-for-sustainable-4k68zdyglx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relative-satisfaction-with-the-partnerships-316soejz.png Table 2. Relative Satisfaction With the Partnerships https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-partnership-cases-brpygcmm.png Table 1. Partnership Cases https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sources-of-satisfaction-10wk3nmq.png Table 4. Sources of Satisfaction https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-concerns-of-african-ngosa-with-partnership-3e3an541.png Table 5. Concerns of African NGOsa With Partnership Management https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-african-ngoa-concerns-with-formal-agreements-1g136jsn.png Table 3. African NGOa Concerns With Formal Agreements https://scispace.com/papers/strength-training-affects-lower-extremity-gait-kinematics-3moscxg5ad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-n-the-determinants-and-their-effects-on-3ifwbdn0.png Table 2 (a–n): The determinants and their effects on spatiotemporal gait characteristics in diabetic patients with polyneuropathy depicted as β (CI 95) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-a-n-the-determinants-and-their-effects-on-gait-12g4u276.png Table 3 (a–n): The determinants and their effects on gait dynamics in diabetic patients with polyneuropathy depicted as β (CI 95) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-illustrating-the-study-design-the-number-3v5gx4ns.png Figure 1 — Flowchart illustrating the study design, the number of participants analyzed at different times of measurement (at t = 0, 12, 24 and 52 weeks) and attrition due to technical failure (eg, incomplete marker sets, interference of the other foot). Loss of follow-up was specified with reason for drop out, which was classified as related or unrelated to gait. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-characteristics-at-baseline-measurement-cxymj0ym.png Table 1 Participant characteristics at baseline measurement https://scispace.com/papers/strengthening-renal-registries-and-esrd-research-in-africa-2nrbj3l0mo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-african-nephrology-journals-the-publication-3tkfit3r.png Table 4. African nephrology journals. The publication frequency reflects the number of issues published in recent years. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-contributions-of-data-to-the-era-edta-registry-by-t6m97r4z.png Table 3. Contributions of data to the ERA-EDTA Registry by North African countries. The dates refer to the dates of data collection. From reference 42. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-questions-that-can-be-addressed-by-renal-registries-1nudj255.png Table 1. Questions that can be addressed by renal registries. These can be related to (i) patients and their treatment and (ii) the resources available for RRT https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-african-publications-reporting-national-registry-tpkssnao.png Table 2. African publications reporting national registry data over the last 2 decades. Registry reports and other primary research publications reporting country-wide data have been included. https://scispace.com/papers/stress-analysis-and-fracture-in-nanolaminate-composites-2urol51cln 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-t300-graphite-fiber-properties-3pptc6ho.png TABLE I.—T300 GRAPHITE FIBER PROPERTIES https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-polymer-matrix-properties-1vnd5564.png TABLE II.—POLYMER MATRIX PROPERTIES https://scispace.com/papers/strengths-of-character-orientations-to-happiness-life-2goz09zutb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-information-based-on-ethnicity-n-304-1vxvhirp.png Table 1 Demographic Information based on Ethnicity (N = 304) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-character-strengths-differences-among-ethnic-groups-3qd2oasy.png Table 4 Character Strengths Differences among Ethnic Groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-main-results-of-study-continued-30us93x8.png Table 3 Summary of Main Results of Study (continued) https://scispace.com/papers/streptomyces-species-associated-with-common-scab-lesions-of-c2t443iojl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-streptomyces-isolation-data-and-morphological-ep0g82sx.png Table 1: Streptomyces isolation data and morphological characterisation results for the isolates in this study https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-physiological-and-genetic-characterisation-results-2i9jt4a6.png Table 2: Physiological and genetic characterisation results for the Streptomyces isolates in this study https://scispace.com/papers/strept-avidin-as-host-for-biotinylated-coordination-570uejq35m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-species-distribution-diagram-for-l-1-x-streptavidin-3uavzn5z.png Figure 6. Species distribution diagram for (Λ-1)x⊂streptavidin (a), (∆-1)x⊂streptavidin (b), (Λ-1)x⊂avidin (c), and (∆-1)x⊂avidin (d). Key: x ) 0, blue line; x ) 2, red line;x ) 3, green line;x ) 4, brown line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-circular-dichroism-titration-profile-at-selected-1zox249s.png Figure 4. Circular dichroism titration profile at selected wavelengths obtained for the addition of aliquots ofΛ-1 to streptavidin (a),∆-1 to streptavidin (b), Λ-1 to avidin (c), and∆-1 to avidin (d). Empty circles: measured data, Full lines: fitted data. (Conditions:I ) 0.15 M; KH2PO4/Na2HPO4; pH ) 7.00; T ) 298.1 K.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-circular-dichroism-titration-profile-obtained-for-215e8d3x.png Figure 3. Circular dichroism titration profile obtained for the addition of aliquots ofΛ-1 to streptavidin (a),∆-1 to streptavidin (b),Λ-1 to avidin (c), and ∆-1 to avidin (d). The red lines correspond to the CD spectra of the diastereopure biotinylated complexes in the absence of (strept)avidin. (Conditions:I ) 0.15 M; KH2PO4/Na2HPO4; pH ) 7.00;T ) 298.1 K.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-refined-binding-constants-between-ru-bpy-1ozevf72.png Table 1. Summary of Refined Binding Constants between [Ru(bpy)2(Biot-bpy)]2+ (1) and (Strept)avidin Using a Three Equilibria Modela with Standard Deviations in Parentheses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-refined-cd-spectra-for-each-absorbing-species-for-l-2xrj684d.png Figure 5. Refined CD spectra for each absorbing species for (Λ-1)x⊂streptavidin (a), (∆-1)x⊂streptavidin (b), (Λ-1)x⊂avidin (c), and (∆-1)x⊂avidin (d). Key: x ) 0, red line;x ) 2, green line;x ) 3, brown line;x ) 4, violet line. For comparison, the measured spectra for the host protein and for the biotinylated guest1 are displayed as open circles and full triangles, respectively, overlaid with the corresponding refined spectra (thin lines). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-influence-of-the-random-noise-level-on-the-11ltbqqx.png Table 2. Influence of the Random Noise Level on the Association Constant Values Refined Either for the Complete (Eqs 1-4) or Partial (Eqs 2-4) Modelsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-results-of-docking-simulations-between-1r8p0aoc.png Figure 1. Results of docking simulations between diastereopureΛ-[Ru(bpy)2(Biot-bpy)]2+ (ball-and-stick representation, hydrogen atoms omitted) and a (strept)avidin dimer (transparent solvent accessible surface and schematic secondary structure): (Λ-[Ru(bpy)2(Biot-bpy)]2+)2⊂avidin (a); (Λ-[Ru(bpy)2(Biot-bpy)]2+)2⊂streptavidin (b). https://scispace.com/papers/stress-analysis-of-metallic-thick-walled-high-pressure-2qy3gwege7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-manufacturing-procedure-of-high-elbow-2rjuo0bu.png Fig. 4. Manufacturing procedure of high elbow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-circumferential-stress-distribution-of-metal-elbow-the-2np01d4c.png Fig. 5. Circumferential stress distribution of metal elbow (the wall thickness is 15mm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-main-dimensions-and-cad-model-of-metal-elbow-mqgdmo3y.png Fig. 1. Main dimensions and CAD model of metal elbow reinforced by CFRP (unit: mm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-circumferential-stress-distribution-of-metal-elbow-2rym9xhl.png Fig. 6. Circumferential stress distribution of metal elbow reinforced by CFRP. (The wall thickness of elbow and CFRP is 15 and 6mm, respectively). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-tsai-wu-failure-index-of-every-ply-for-25mm-metal-3p3s6p6t.png Table 6. Tsai-Wu failure index of every Ply for 25mm metal elbow wrapped with 6mm CFRP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-tsai-wu-failure-index-of-every-ply-for-15mm-metal-2pcqq7q2.png Table 5. Tsai-Wu failure index of every Ply for 15mm metal elbow wrapped with 6mm CFRP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-material-properties-of-cfrp-m40j-epoxy-resin-3d21pt9r.png Table 1. The material properties of CFRP M40J/Epoxy resin. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-material-properties-of-20crnimo-2i0qgaj9.png Table 2. The material properties of 20CrNiMo. https://scispace.com/papers/stress-and-emotion-classification-using-jitter-and-shimmer-bx6ukan20u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rhesus-arousal-classification-accuracy-for-different-fu9b64bz.png Table 3 Rhesus arousal classification accuracy for different feature combinations in 5 acoustic model systems https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-elephant-arousal-classification-accuracy-for-2vvx3xzu.png Table 2 Elephant arousal classification accuracy for different feature combinations in 4 acoustic model systems https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-susas-classification-results-across-six-speaking-23ucbquj.png Table 1 SUSAS classification results across six speaking styles for different feature combinations https://scispace.com/papers/stress-burnout-and-job-dissatisfaction-in-mental-health-24jta79ee8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-workplace-stressors-contextual-factors-and-the-11cmxj97.png Table 2 Workplace stressors, contextual factors, and the impact of physicians’ individual factors on personal health and quality of care (adapted from [30]) https://scispace.com/papers/stress-facilitates-consolidation-of-verbal-memory-for-a-film-olh95byb0j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-salivary-cortisol-levels-and-standard-errors-14hab213.png Figure 1. Mean salivary cortisol levels and standard errors before the stressor (Time 1) and 10 min following the 15-min stressor (Time 2). Time points were the same for controls (35 min apart), with a rest period in between. All three groups demonstrated a significant change in cortisol ( p .05) between Time 1 and Time 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-group-means-and-standard-errors-for-verbal-recall-2dv0grg9.png Figure 3. Group means and standard errors for verbal recall of film 48 hr following presentation. The test included 15 questions tapping verbal information in the film. *p .05, between stress group and controls. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-group-means-and-standard-errors-for-film-recall-3d1ykj6q.png Figure 2. Group means and standard errors for film recall (total score) 48 hr following presentation. The test included 30 questions tapping both verbal and visual information in the film. *p .05, between stress group and controls. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographics-and-baseline-measures-by-condition-38q5xp2c.png Table 2 Demographics and Baseline Measures by Condition https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-timing-of-procedures-including-stressor-and-cortisol-3joulm5l.png Table 1 Timing of Procedures, Including Stressor and Cortisol Sampling, by Condition https://scispace.com/papers/stress-increases-cue-triggered-wanting-for-sweet-reward-in-2oqbuhaayl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-instrumental-conditioning-the-number-of-times-28zot8ly.png Figure 2. (A) Instrumental conditioning. The number of times participants (n 36) squeeze the handgrip is displayed as a function of trials over time. (B) The analogous Pavlovian conditioning. The bars (left axis) illustrate the pleasantness rating of the images used as Pavlovian stimuli after conditioning, and the line plot (right axis) illustrates the latency to detect the cue during the presentation of the positive conditioned stimulus (CS ) or the negative conditioned stimulus (CS ). Error bars ( 1 SEM) are adapted for within-subject design (Cousineau, 2005). (C) Salivary cortisol (nanomoles per liter) 10 min before and 30 min after the stress-inducing and the control task. Error bars represent SEM. (D) The PIT in the stress-free and the stress groups (n 18 in each group). The increase of the number of squeezes compared with the baseline is displayed as a function of the CS and the CS . Error bars represent SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-wanting-for-chocolate-odor-increase-in-the-number-254g6s2e.png Figure 4. (A) Wanting for chocolate odor (increase in the number of squeezes during presentation of the CS compared with the CS ). (B) Liking of chocolate odor (rating on a scale from 0 to 100). Error bars represent SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-illustration-of-the-analog-of-a-human-pavlovian-256le269.png Table 1 Illustration of the Analog of a Human Pavlovian Instrumental Transfer Test Combined With Stress Induction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-analog-of-a-human-pavlovian-instrumental-pyr4fvqa.png Figure 1. The analog of a human Pavlovian-Instrumental Transfer (PIT) paradigm adapted from Talmi et al. (2008). During instrumental conditioning, (a) participants learned to squeeze a handgrip to trigger the release of a rewarding chocolate odor. During the analogous Pavlovian conditioning, (b) participants were exposed to repeated pairings of the positive conditioned stimulus (CS ) with the rewarding chocolate odor and the negative conditioned stimulus (CS ) with the odorless air. When the CS or CS was displayed, a target appeared in the center of the image and participants had to press a key that triggered odor release. The baseline was displayed without any target, and no odor was released. The PIT test (c) was administered under extinction, the CS , the CS , and the baseline were displayed in random order (here a CS trial is illustrated), and participants could squeeze the handgrip if they wished to do so. See the online article for the color version of this figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pit-in-the-stress-free-a-and-the-stress-b-group-the-3uyztn5y.png Figure 3. PIT in the stress-free (A) and the stress (B) group. The number of times participants (n 18 in each group) squeezed the handgrip is displayed as a function of the conditioned stimuli (CSs) perceived by the participants during the block administered under extinction. Each CS was presented three times in a row during one block and the presentation order of the CSs in each block was randomized. https://scispace.com/papers/stress-induced-martensitic-transformation-in-polycrystalline-4tk2zvlkvp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-principles-of-the-self-consistent-method-134t7dd3.png Figure 2: Principles of the self-consistent method https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-transformation-of-a-volume-element-and-strain-b24m04by.png Figure 1: Transformation of a volume element and strain associated to the transformation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-variants-during-a-tensile-test-at-t-3ihfe0a0.png Figure 4: Evolution of variants during a tensile test at T = 140°C (a), T = 41°C (b) and a cooling with an applied stress equal to 500 MPa (c) and 10 MPa (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-numerical-and-experimental-results-for-a-cu-al-be-2j11r3uo.png Figure 3: Numerical ( ) and experimental ( ) results for a Cu-Al-Be Alloy during a tensile https://scispace.com/papers/stress-resistance-as-a-diminution-factor-of-inclination-to-1ylhkmb0d5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-levels-of-stress-resistance-in-adolescents-of-c51nq7j0.png Figure 1. Levels of stress resistance in adolescents of different age groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-stress-resistance-in-adolescence-with-the-3q053rg2.png Table 3-1. Stress resistance in adolescence with the reference to their gender identity (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2-the-indicators-of-inclination-to-addiction-in-13-1hec63go.png Table 1-2. The indicators of inclination to addiction in 13-15 year old adolescents (%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gender-distribution-according-to-the-levels-of-31x2m4n0.png Figure 2. Gender distribution according to the levels of stress resistance https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-the-indicators-of-inclination-to-addiction-in-male-19a4n32p.png Table 3-2. The indicators of inclination to addiction in male adolescents % https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-the-indicators-of-inclination-to-addiction-in-1fiytpyo.png Table 4-2. The indicators of inclination to addiction in female adolescents https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-levels-of-inclination-to-addictions-in-13-15-year-3rt1og49.png Figure 3. Levels of inclination to addictions in 13-15 year old adolescents https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-the-levels-of-adolescent-inclination-to-different-791kfc7v.png Table 2-2. The levels of adolescent inclination to different kinds of addictive behavior % https://scispace.com/papers/stress-reactivity-speeds-basic-encoding-processes-in-infants-1135g86yxx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-key-variables-3barn3ha.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics for key variables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scatterplots-showing-infants-performance-on-2mjpkhh1.png Figure 2. Scatterplots showing infants’ performance on attentional measures plotted against stress reactivity (a & b), and the attentional measures plotted against each other (c). Stress reactivity is defined as the BPM change between heart rate during stressor video and baseline heart rate, with positive values indicating increased BPM during stressor video. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematics-showing-the-three-tasks-administered-a-3kcl0g6g.png Figure 1. Schematics showing the three tasks administered. a) Habituation task. b) Visual Recognition Memory task. c) Stress Reactivity task. https://scispace.com/papers/stresses-developed-around-displacement-piles-penetration-in-4tq7oqokwm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-and-main-results-1e081he4.png Table 1. Characteristics and main results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-normalized-radial-stresses-during-3m5giquv.png Figure 4 Distribution of normalized radial stresses during penetration (a) plotted against normalized distance to cone tip at three different normalized radius (b) plotted against normalized radius at three different heights above the cone tip https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-contour-plot-of-normalized-radial-stresses-sr-qc-in-165jsejo.png Figure 2. Contour plot of normalized radial stresses (σr/qc) [%] in xz-plane (0-180o). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cylindrical-grid-used-for-interpolation-of-stresses-i4fdsxvi.png Figure 1 Cylindrical grid used for interpolation of stresses (a) top view, (b) side view https://scispace.com/papers/stressed-enclitics-are-not-weak-pronouns-a-plea-for-3y0malsf98 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-from-ordonez-and-repetti-2006-168-s9qv2ufp.png Table 1, from Ordóñez and Repetti 2006: 168 https://scispace.com/papers/stress-testing-the-runoff-rule-in-the-laboratory-1tgitdkbd2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-two-jars-2shfodh5.png Figure 1: The two jars https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-distribution-of-voting-decisions-during-the-first-j8ymao2v.png Table 6: Distribution of voting decisions during the first voting round conditional on observed signal, aggregated over all groups of the same treatment. Each box contains 3000 observations (3 subjects, 10 groups, 100 periods) in total. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-distributions-of-voting-decisions-during-the-second-6zj7264h.png Table 7: Distributions of voting decisions during the second voting round conditional on observed signal, aggregated over all groups of each treatment of runoff rule. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-average-per-period-profits-for-each-treatment-kjq1p7k9.png Table 8: Average per period profits for each treatment. Profits of Duverger (Red/Blue), Sincere and Best are calculated based on the realizations of jars, balls and draws in the experiment, thus are slightly different from the theoretical expected payoffs calculated before. “Best” corresponds to the best theoretical equilibrium in each treatment, which is Sincere for P10, Duverger (Red) for P70 and the asymmetric in which one voter votes always in favor of Blue and the other two vote sincerely in R10 and R70. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-profits-refer-to-the-average-per-period-profits-s9ph6doc.png Table 9: Profits refer to the average per period profits aggregated over the course of 100 periods for each group. Observed profits are compared to the profits that either of the Duvergerian equilibria or sincere voting would yield. For sincere voting we repeat the same test considering only the last 50 periods respectively. The number reported under T-test is the value of t and for the Wilcoxon signed-rank test is the value of z, while p-values are reported in parentheses. For the T-test and the Sign-test p-values correspond to the relevant one-sided test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ten-period-moving-average-of-the-difference-between-3vo73kqr.png Figure 4: Ten–period moving average of the difference between observed profits and profits sincere voting would yield, aggregated at treatment level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-difference-between-observed-profits-and-profits-weti2mex.png Table 10: Difference between observed profits and profits sincere voting would yield regressed on experimental period, with standard errors clustered at a group level. The first four columns show the results for each treatment separately. The last column includes all treatments and controls for election rule and value of L. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-four-treatments-changing-the-voting-rule-and-the-2lz69xrf.png Table 2: The four treatments, changing the voting rule and the value of L. https://scispace.com/papers/stress-relaxation-in-polymeric-microlattice-materials-xmcoi1mf03 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-failure-analysis-failure-modes-after-a-single-2mbz6xz0.png Fig. 5. Failure analysis. Failure modes after a single compression cycle in (a) SD structures with and effective density of 8.5% and (b) BD structures with an effective density of 13.6%. Scale bar in overview is 25 μm and in close-up is 10 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-of-micro-scale-relaxation-experiments-2kwolclj.png Table I Results of micro-scale relaxation experiments. Results for initial, relaxed modulus are mean values from at least 3 measurements with an error of< 5%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-small-scale-relaxation-experiments-a-strain-history-in-3okxnx19.png Fig. 6. Small scale relaxation experiments. (a) Strain history in the sample for typical relaxation experiment of SD (red) and BD (blue) structures. (b) Measured stress-relaxation for BD and SD structures. (c) Calculated relaxation modulus for BD and SD structures. The shaded area shows the standard deviation for BD (blue, solid) and SD (red, solid). Dashed lines represent experiments performed at twice the initial strain. Markers represent GMM fits using 4 branches. (d) Storage modulus (E′), loss-modulus (E″), and loss-factor calculated from the GMM in (c). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-time-domain-simulations-fem-a-time-domain-simulation-3hdq98a6.png Fig. 8. Time domain simulations FEM. (a) Time domain simulation of BD structures. The solid line represents the experimental data and the triangular markers the simulation results. The insets show the FEM mesh (left) and the von Mises stress distribution (right). (b) Calculation of the individual branch moduli for the generalized Maxwell model, as a function of different relaxation times. The error bars stem from the variance of experiments using all samples as reported in Table I. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-scaling-laws-a-scaling-of-the-relaxed-young-s-modulus-2fj9ojom.png Fig. 7. Scaling laws. (a) Scaling of the relaxed Young's modulus as a function of relative density for BD (blue, square) and SD (red, dot). Experiments at large density are shown for BD (green, square) and SD (grey, dot). (b) Scaling of the loss factor as a function of relative density for BD (blue, square) and SD (red, dot). Experiments at large density are shown for BD (green, square) and SD (grey, dot). (c) Scaling of the damping figure of merit as a function of relative density for BD (blue, square) and SD (red, dot). Experiments at large density are shown for BD (green, square) and SD (grey, dot). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-unit-cell-geometries-a-stretch-dominated-cubic-unit-385nl650.png Fig. 1. Unit cell geometries. (a) Stretch dominated cubic unit-cell with lattice constant a and truss radius r. (b) SEM micrograph of stretch dominated compression-test sample, scale bar is 50 μm. (c) Close-up of stretch dominated sample, scale bar is 10 μm. (d) Bending dominated cubic unit-cell with lattice constant a and truss radius r. (e) SEM micrograph of bending dominated compression-test sample, scale bar is 50 μm. (f) Close-up of bending dominated sample, scale bar is 10 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-varying-unit-cell-densities-a-effective-lattice-3g6tr869.png Fig. 2. Varying unit cell densities. (a) Effective lattice densities as a function of truss radius r for SD (red) and BD (blue) structures. (b) Panels A-F showing SEM micrographs of fabricated micro-compression samples with varying truss radius, scale bar is 25 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-frequency-domain-simulation-a-power-dissipation-per-1gkyblur.png Fig. 9. Frequency domain simulation. (a) Power dissipation per cycle as a function of relative density for the two lattice geometries considered: BD (blue) and SD (red). (b) Von Mises stress distribution for varying densities of BD (top row), SD (bottom row) structures. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/stress-wave-sorting-of-red-maple-logs-for-structural-quality-lqvxtqf8mv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-modulus-of-elasticity-and-lumber-yields-for-the-red-13nwwkuj.png Table 3.--Modulus of Elasticity and lumber yields for the red maple log grades evaluated during this study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-shows-the-average-moe-and-the-lumber-yields-for-four-g9ha1nzy.png Table 3.--Modulus of Elasticity and lumber yields for the red maple log grades evaluated during this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-red-maple-swt-relationship-between-log-and-dry-abw11gl3.png Figure 1.--Red Maple SWT relationship between log and dry lumber. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-stress-wave-transmission-times-of-red-maple-logs-and-njy3v9pz.png Table I .--Stress wave transmission times of red maple logs and corresponding lumber produced from logs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-analysis-of-swt-for-red-maple-logs-and-30jvxpkj.png Table 2.--Regression analysis of SWT for red maple logs and corresponding lumber produced from logs. https://scispace.com/papers/striking-it-free-organized-labor-and-the-outcomes-of-civil-32hyq4aqsr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ntu-participation-and-post-conflict-democratization-2e54dib8.png Figure 3 – NTU participation and post-conflict democratization, nonviolent campaigns, 1946-2006 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-summary-of-the-main-results-3etu9qzc.png Figure 8 – Summary of the main results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-marginal-effects-of-ntu-participation-on-post-r3t3dld4.png Figure 7 – Marginal effects of NTU participation on post-conflict democratization, 1946- 2006 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-suggests-support-for-h1c-the-strongest-effects-on-20o8oc5b.png Figure 6 suggests support for H1c. The strongest effects on short term success are found in the sample of single-union regimes. Here the participation of NTUs increases the probability of success by 32.4 percentage points and reduces the probability of failure by 14.3 percentage points. The probability of success increases by 7.7 percentage points in other systems, but this is not statistically significant. Campaign size plays a substantial role in explaining both success and failure outside of the single-union system, but has a dampened role in regimes characterized by union monopolies.13 These results suggest that the effect of NTUs on short term success is limited to labor dependent regimes, but illustrate more generally that the closer an organization is to the regime the more impactful its defection is. NTU participation also significantly reduces the probability of failure across regimes. This is what we would expect if leverage is a function of the defection of key organizations from the regime whereas resilience is a function of the organizational structure that underpins the campaign. https://scispace.com/papers/striatal-hypoactivation-and-cognitive-slowing-in-patients-2nv5lk341j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-2-back-and-3-back-conditions-versus-rest-for-the-3e3pf6kf.png Table 7: 2-back and 3-back conditions versus rest for the control data versus the patient data, with ROI analysis. Uncorrected threshold p <0.001, cluster extent level= 5 voxels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-and-figure-5-1prt80hn.png Table 7: 2-back and 3-back conditions versus rest for the control data versus the patient data, with ROI analysis. Uncorrected threshold p <0.001, cluster extent level= 5 voxels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4a-and-b-and-table-6-show-that-for-the-colour-versus-40sxjlcp.png Figure 4a and b and Table 6 show that for the colour versus rest condition there was https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-control-group-activation-for-word-versus-rest-with-2lghem7s.png Table 3: Control group activation for Word versus rest, with ROI mask. Uncorrected threshold p <0.001, cluster extent level= 5 voxels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-control-group-activation-for-colour-versus-rest-with-1smhgsqu.png Table 2: Control group activation for Colour versus rest, with ROI mask. Uncorrected threshold p <0.001, cluster extent level= 5 voxels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-control-group-activation-for-2-back-versus-rest-with-2kl74tn8.png Table 4: Control group activation for 2-back versus rest, with ROI mask. Uncorrected threshold p <0.001, cluster extent level= 5 voxels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-control-group-activation-for-3-back-versus-rest-with-3qe3chqc.png Table 5: Control group activation for 3-back versus rest, with ROI mask. Uncorrected threshold p <0.001, cluster extent level= 5 voxels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-counter-balanced-order-of-conditions-session-1-9q5llfwo.png Table 1: Counter-balanced order of conditions Session 1 Session 2 Session 3 Session 4 https://scispace.com/papers/strike3-case-study-for-standardized-testing-of-timing-grade-3o4jvhl8wy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-cno-of-the-satellites-tracked-by-the-rut-under-1v0sogh7.png Fig 5. Average cno of the satellites tracked by the RUT under the influence of interference signal representing multiple narrow band. signals https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1tamwiqr.png Table 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-interference-templates-5n0ijn0q.png Table 1. Characteristics of the interference templates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mtie-values-3e9ljo9i.png Fig 6. MTIE values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-test-platform-red-directional-lines-denote-pps-signal-25d4kduo.png Fig 1. Test platform. Red directional lines denote PPS signal whereas blue directional lines indicate RF signal flow and green directional lines show the distribution of 10MHz sinusoidal signal. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-simulated-scenario-configuration-3lu7xb0z.png Table 2. Simulated scenario configuration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-test-scenario-j-s-denotes-jamming-to-signal-power-3nta19pz.png Fig 2. Test scenario. J/S denotes jamming to signal power ratio at the front-end of the RUT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-offset-measurements-for-test-cases-in-which-the-6r5lucc7.png Fig 4. Time offset measurements for test cases in which the RUT was subjected to interference signals. Figures (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) correspond to jamming templates of wide swept frequency with fast repeat rate, multiple narrow band signals, triangular and triangular wave swept frequency respectively. The red lines show the J/S of the interference signals in dB. https://scispace.com/papers/striking-oil-another-puzzle-1o56s24ntr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-summary-statistics-of-stock-sector-returns-and-oil-7guah3gg.png Table IX. Summary Statistics of Stock Sector Returns and Oil effect. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-expected-t-values-with-real-t-values-3sp36lc1.png Figure 3. Comparison of expected t-values with real t-values of the oil effect. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-oil-price-series-used-bi6yhd9o.png Table II. Oil price series used https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-basic-characteristics-of-oil-price-changes-3jnkqfiq.png Table III. Basic characteristics of oil price changes https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-regression-results-on-sub-samples-n322ddog.png Table IV. Regression results on sub samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-market-timing-ability-of-oil-strategy-k94azbdj.png Table VIII. Market timing ability of oil strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-economic-significance-of-the-oil-strategy-cr7t0c2t.png Table VII. Economic significance of the oil strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-presence-of-the-oil-effect-in-specific-oil-sector-39zo7370.png Table X. Presence of the oil effect in specific oil sector indices. https://scispace.com/papers/striation-pattern-of-target-particle-and-heat-fluxes-in-2wwbvchh3p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-target-particle-flux-b-target-heat-flux-and-c-1xb046vz.png FIG. 2. (a) Target particle flux, (b) target heat flux, and (c) electron temperature in front of the target. Simulation results for the pumping coefficient epump ¼ 10% are shown in the left column and those for epump ¼ 2% in the right column. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-modeled-magnetic-footprint-at-the-inner-strike-point-1f6oj7zo.png FIG. 1. Modeled magnetic footprint at the inner strike point region depicted by the field line penetration, i.e., minimum of poloidal flux WN along the corresponding field line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-profiles-of-a-target-particle-flux-b-target-heat-flux-3k6f3ifb.png FIG. 3. Profiles of (a) target particle flux, (b) target heat flux, (c) Ha line emission, and (d) CII line emission. Available experimental observations for this discharge (IR, CII) and for a similar discharge ðHaÞ are given by the magenta profiles and the underlying magnetic configuration is depicted by the gray profiles of the field line penetration. https://scispace.com/papers/stringent-mitigation-substantially-reduces-risk-of-2nkt1pkzzr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-probability-of-experiencing-different-near-term-10cvsmld.png Table 1: The probability of experiencing different near-term (2021-2040) global mean 719 surface air temperature trends, as a result of following a mitigation pathway rather than a 720 no mitigation pathway. a, The probability of the near-term temperature trend in a mitigation 721 scenario (trendmit) being lower than in a no mitigation scenario (trendnomit) by a factor α 722 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-3pmwvdzx.png Fig. 10 https://scispace.com/papers/string-matching-with-mismatches-by-real-valued-fft-2dpgdcfrvd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-comparison-of-randomized-algorithms-by-fft-for-the-2hnhypuh.png Table 1: A comparison of randomized algorithms by FFT for the problem of string matching with mismatches. (a) is the domain of the elements of numerical vectors for FFT, (b) is the upper bound of the variance of the estimates, (c) is the limit of (b) as σ tends to infinity, and (d) is the size of the population for samples. C is the set of complex numbers and α = (m− ci)2/h. https://scispace.com/papers/strings-and-things-a-semantic-search-engine-for-news-quotes-3ic68cjasn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-results-for-search-query-bomb-fac-vqs7ebsc.png Fig. 1. Example results for search query “bomb + FAC” https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-gdelt-global-quotation-graph-varaibles-36kvrvym.png TABLE II GDELT GLOBAL QUOTATION GRAPH VARAIBLES https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-entity-types-included-in-the-quote-index-3e1kb6w8.png TABLE III ENTITY TYPES INCLUDED IN THE QUOTE INDEX https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-results-for-the-search-query-bomb-fac-source-1lffs94t.png Fig. 2. Example results for the search query “bomb + FAC”. Source: https://www.humcomp.ml https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-technology-stack-used-to-build-the-search-engine-g2ez19o4.png TABLE I TECHNOLOGY STACK USED TO BUILD THE SEARCH ENGINE https://scispace.com/papers/striola-magica-a-functional-explanation-of-otolith-geometry-1cl2i0fdz8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-reprinted-from-spoedlin-1966-64-vestibular-sensory-12in6ydw.png Fig. 2 Reprinted from Spoedlin, 1966 [64]. Vestibular sensory epithelium and its innervation: HCI and HCII correspond to the hair cells of type I and type II respectively; St and KC indicate the stereocilia and kinocilia respectively; NC refers to the calyces. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-statistics-computed-on-the-population-pgrad-for-the-1wx3bf5x.png Fig. 12 Statistics computed on the population Pgrad for the utricule and for the saccule. The superindex norm means that the statistics have been computed taking into account the norm of the reference vectors Vd Ak and the vector Ak instead of their direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-representation-of-the-preferred-direction-encoded-by-2o1rkekx.png Fig. 14 Representation of the preferred direction encoded by each couples of cells. It is here computed for the curve x(t) = t/ √ (2), y = t2, z = √ (2)/3× t3, for t ∈ [−10; 10], with 25 cells distributed equally along t. Panels show the projection of this surface in the (x, y), (y, z) and (x, z) planes, the color palette represents the value of missing component (z, x and y respectively). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-b-for-the-utricle-and-e-f-for-the-saccule-represent-3bzrj9od.png Fig. 10 (a), (b) for the utricle and (e),(f) for the saccule represent the activity of all possible afferents in response to the acceleration stimulus represented respectively in (c), (d) and (g), (h). In (a),(b),(e), and (f) the abscissa and the ordinate represent the 50 cells modeled on the striola and the color code the activity of the target afferent cell getting input from the respective pair of hair cells. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-maximum-value-of-the-response-over-all-possible-2yhto9s3.png Fig. 11 Maximum value of the response over all possible afferents, normalized with respect to the maximum absolute value, represented on the sphere of all acceleration directions, seen from above and from below, for the utricule on the left column and for the saccule on the right column. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-from-left-to-right-are-shown-the-horizontal-sagittal-1q9eai9i.png Fig. 4 From left to right are shown the horizontal, sagittal, frontal and three dimensional views of the vectors representing the direction of the kinocilium of the hair cells along the modeled striola of left saccule. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-from-left-to-right-are-shown-the-horizontal-sagittal-94p579u0.png Fig. 3 From left to right are shown the horizontal, sagittal, frontal and three dimensional views of the vectors representing the direction of the kinocilium of the hair cells along the modeled striola of left saccule. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-an-afferent-cell-ac-encapsulates-in-calyces-two-hair-11szseaw.png Fig. 6 An afferent cell (AC) encapsulates in calyces two hair cells (HC) on the striola (s). The preferred direction A of the AC is given by the intersection of the planes associated to each hair cell, being each plane determined by the polarization vector of the hair cell and by the vector normal to the surface of the macula at the point representing the hair cell. https://scispace.com/papers/striped-red-mullet-mullus-surmuletus-linnaeus-1758-in-the-4wo7mtrnco 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-growth-tl-k-ph-and-sexual-tl50-and-spawning-seasons-16grnbha.png Table 4 : Growth (TL∞ , K, φ’) and sexual (TL50 and spawning seasons) parameters for Mullus surmuletus in different geographical areas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-von-bertalanffy-growth-parameters-and-performance-357s9c8r.png Table 3 : Von Bertalanffy Growth parameters and performance indices (φ’) for each sex of Mullus surmuletus sampled in the eastern English Channel and southern North Sea. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numbers-of-individuals-of-mullus-surmuletus-observed-1tl99e1s.png Table 1: Numbers of individuals of Mullus surmuletus observed by month and sex. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-total-length-weight-relationships-w-a-tlb-for-female-743c0176.png Table 2 : Total Length-weight relationships (W=a.TLb) for female, male and both sexes combined of Mullus surmuletus sampled in the eastern English Channel and southern North Sea. Coefficient of determination (r²) and significance level (p- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-frequency-of-the-maturity-stages-by-month-and-sex-a-tk85jrqg.png Figure 5 : Frequency of the maturity stages by month and sex (A: Female, B: Male) of Mullus surmuletus sampled in the eastern English Channel and southern North Sea. Females and males numbers by month are presented in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-box-and-whisker-plots-of-monthly-gonadosomatic-34tfj0cl.png Figure 4: Box and whisker plots of monthly gonadosomatic indices (GSI). Boxes represented 50% of the population between Q1 and Q3 around the median. Whiskers showed the minimum and the maximum values excluding outliers. Letters indicated statistical differences between months. Those not sharing a common letter https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-von-bertalanffy-growth-curves-of-the-striped-1db0fp00.png Figure 3 : The von Bertalanffy growth curves of the Striped red mullet in the eastern English Channel and southern North Sea for females (dashed line) and males (solid line) fitted to the data (n=383). https://scispace.com/papers/striving-for-relevance-in-a-competitive-market-the-case-of-16bc6vy3mr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-leeds-polytechnic-logo-1thdptp3.png Figure 1: Leeds Polytechnic Logo https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-different-changes-across-the-sector-3uj5yxj3.png Figure 8: Different changes across the sector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-leeds-metropolitan-universitys-second-logo-3nr715z6.png Figure 4: Leeds Metropolitan University’s second logo https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-formation-of-the-leeds-rose-logo-image-from-berry-16tm6tw7.png Figure 3. Formation of the Leeds Rose Logo. Image from Berry (2010) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-leeds-metropolitan-universitys-first-logo-3l8fspx3.png Figure 2: Leeds Metropolitan University’s first logo https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-leeds-metropolitan-universitys-third-logo-3q3w1hyw.png Figure 5: Leeds Metropolitan University’s third logo https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-leeds-beckett-universitys-first-logo-2kiwewtl.png Figure 6: Leeds Beckett University’s first logo https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-leeds-beckett-universitys-latest-logo-1si5wvz0.png Figure 7: Leeds Beckett University’s latest logo https://scispace.com/papers/stroke-in-patients-with-diabetes-mellitus-a-study-from-4np3kh5je7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multivariate-analysis-to-determine-independent-2zsa797v.png Table 2. Multivariate analysis to determine independent predictors of mortality. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-odds-ratio-plot-showing-independent-predictors-of-1sm0dm09.png Figure 3: Odds ratio plot showing independent predictors of death https://scispace.com/papers/striving-for-normality-in-a-time-of-aids-in-malawi-3lyoewxbfg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-1-2-age-distribution-in-sample-households-1986-and-2duz8y00.png Figures 1-2: Age distribution in sample households, 1986 and 2006 https://scispace.com/papers/stroke-mimics-transported-by-emergency-medical-services-to-a-2won77yo0j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-prehospital-characteristics-of-neurological-1ce38rr3.png Table 1. Baseline prehospital characteristics of neurological and non-neurological stroke mimics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1b-neurological-stroke-mimics-by-final-diagnosis-rf2b3cye.png Figure 1B. Neurological stroke mimics by final diagnosis https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prevalence-of-stroke-mimic-etiologies-3auq9i9y.png Table 2. Prevalence of stroke mimic etiologies https://scispace.com/papers/stroke-risk-reduction-with-oral-anticoagulation-using-219h3noky5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-modelling-event-rates-in-a-hypothetical-japanese-af-kt9ldoft.png Table 2 Modelling event rates in a hypothetical Japanese AF population with no treatment (n=100,000) https://scispace.com/papers/stroke-volume-increase-to-exercise-in-chronic-obstructive-32stfkmuse 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-absolute-changes-from-rest-to-exercise-in-1aadvjcn.png Figure 3 The absolute changes from rest to exercise in stroke volume (SV) plotted against the absolute changes in right ventricular end-systolic volume (RVESV) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In three patients RVESV is increased and SV is reduced during exercise. These three patients demonstrated increased levels of pulmonary artery pressure at rest. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cardiac-structure-and-function-at-rest-and-during-2su9l91t.png Table 3 Cardiac structure and function at rest and during exercise in healthy controls and COPD patients https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-change-in-right-ventricular-structure-and-function-2pmgjo2a.png Figure 2 Change in right ventricular structure and function in response to submaximal exercise in both patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy controls. Note that although right ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV) is increased in both groups, in contrast to COPD patients, the healthy controls have the ability to reduce right ventricular end-systolic volume (ESV). This results in an improved stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF). CO, cardiac output; HR, heart rate. *p,0.05, versus healthy controls, **p,0.01, versus healthy controls. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-demographics-and-pulmonary-function-1b46j3kc.png Table 1 Patient demographics and pulmonary function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-correlation-of-resting-mean-pulmonary-artery-1uad1jrb.png Figure 1 Correlation of resting mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPpa) with exercising mPpa in 16 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (r = 0.87, p,0.001). https://scispace.com/papers/strong-dopant-dependence-of-electric-transport-in-ion-gated-3hiydl328s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-ball-and-stick-model-of-the-mos2-lattice-with-dayol6d3.png FIG. 1. (a) Ball-and-stick model of the MoS2 lattice with intercalated K þ (top panel) and Liþ (bottom panel) ions.50 (b) Optical micrograph of a MoS2 fieldeffect device before drop-casting the electrolyte. (c) Gate dependence of the sheet conductivity rs at T¼ 300 K for both Kþ (devices A and B) and Liþbased electrolytes (devices C and D). Dashed lines indicate the corresponding threshold voltages for the onset of ion intercalation. The four values of densities correspond to the Hall carrier densities nH for devices A and C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-t-dependent-transport-properties-of-lith-gated-mos2-a-zjhr38l4.png FIG. 3. T-dependent transport properties of Liþ-gated MoS2. (a) Rs vs:T for Liþ accumulation (solid yellow line) and intercalation (solid red line). The inset shows the corresponding carrier densities nH. (b) Rs vs: T in the intercalated state below 5 K for different values of the applied magnetic field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-t-dependent-transport-properties-of-kth-gated-mos2-a-of6a19rr.png FIG. 2. T-dependent transport properties of Kþ-gated MoS2. (a) Rs vs: T for K þ accumulation (solid green line) and intercalation (solid blue line). (b) Rs Rs;min as a function of T 1 in the intercalated state. The dashed red line is a linear fit to the curve to highlight its exponential dependence. (c) nH vs: T corresponding to the curves of (a). The dashed red line is a fit to the thermally activated behavior. https://scispace.com/papers/strong-enhancement-of-spontaneous-emission-in-amorphous-1si9exmjs9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-measured-solid-line-and-calculated-dotted-line-2ezmffl4.png Fig. 4. a Measured (solid line) and calculated (dotted line) transmission through the SiO2/Si3N4 coupled-microcavity (CMC) structure. Nearly 100% transmission was achieved throughout the cavity band extending from 690 to 770 nm. b Measured photoluminescence from the CMC structure. The photoluminescence spectrum was modified, and enhanced significantly at the cavity band edge https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-measured-photoluminescence-intensity-as-a-function-of-1eu0rmlg.png Fig. 3. Measured photoluminescence intensity as a function of wavelength for various collecting angles, θ. Inset: Schematics of experimental setup for measuring the photoluminescence spectrum https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-measured-transmission-spectrum-of-a-hydrogenated-2pvdlxgh.png Fig. 2. a Measured transmission spectrum of a hydrogenated amorphoussilicon-nitride Fabry–Perot (FP) microcavity. Inset: Schematics of the FP microcavity structure. b Measured photoluminescence from the hydrogenated amorphous-silicon-nitride thin film (dotted line) and FP microcavity (solid line). The photoluminescence spectrum was significantly modified https://scispace.com/papers/strong-ela-increase-causes-fast-mass-loss-of-glaciers-in-56vrt0gfpq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-changing-extent-of-glaciers-in-dickson-land-over-the-3hi64ca8.png Table 1. Changing extent of glaciers in Dickson Land over the study periods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-main-features-of-the-modern-glacier-geometry-in-dl-2a8hhskm.png Figure 3. Main features of the modern glacier geometry in DL: area-altitude distribution (a), scatter plot of latitude against median glacier elevations (b), and frequency distribution of mean glacier aspects (c). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-volume-changes-elevation-changes-and-mass-balance-of-28ts6yto.png Table 2. Volume changes, elevation changes, and mass balance of glaciers in subregions of Dickson Land over the period 1990–2009/2011. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-the-study-area-a-map-of-svalbard-with-6g0fuc13.png Figure 1. Location of the study area. (a) Map of Svalbard with locations of regions of central Spitsbergen: Dickson Land (DL), Nordenskiöld Land (NL), and Bünsow Land (BL). (b) Map of Dickson Land and its subregions: north (DL-N), central (DL-C), and south (DL-S). Glaciers coloured with grey in the eastern part of DL-C are not covered by 1990 digital elevation model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-changes-of-the-total-glacier-area-in-dickson-land-1xnd1wf4.png Figure 4. (a) Changes of the total glacier area in Dickson Land. (b) Same as (a) but for non-surging glaciers only. (c) Average glacier length change rates in Dickson Land and its subregions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-an-example-of-glacier-area-changes-in-northern-3k988390.png Figure 5. An example of glacier area changes in northern Dickson Land in the Vasskilbreen region (a); the mean 1990–2009/2011 elevation change rates in northern (b), central (c), and southern (d) Dickson Land. Orthophotomap for (a) ©Norwegian Polar Institute. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-homogeneity-of-the-a-1990-2009-2011-elevation-xc48twe8.png Figure 6. Homogeneity of the (a) 1990–2009/2011 elevation change pattern in DL subregions. (b) The mean pre-1990 and post-1990 elevation change rates in DL averaged from the available data. Horizontal bars represent 1 standard deviation. The 1960s–1990 data are compiled from Małecki (2013b) and Małecki et al. (2013). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-histogram-of-elevation-differences-between-2009-1859pby0.png Figure 2. Histogram of elevation differences between 2009/2011 DEM and 1990 DEM over non-glacier-covered terrain. https://scispace.com/papers/strong-field-effects-on-pulsar-arrival-times-general-2h6cm4epcr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-distorted-emission-annulus-for-r0-30m-and-l-45-each-171m6gt2.png Figure 7. Distorted emission annulus for r0 = 30M and λ = 45◦. Each panel corresponds to a black hole position in Figure 6 at ϕ = 0◦ (upper left); ϕ = 90◦ (upper right); ϕ = 180◦ (lower left); ϕ = 270◦ (lower right). In each panel, an asterisk at zero latitude marks the SMBH position and a cross marks the direction of the velocity of the SMBH relative to the pulsar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-distorted-emission-annulus-for-r0-30m-and-l-0-each-1g5medh2.png Figure 8. Distorted emission annulus for r0 = 30M and λ = 0◦. Each panel corresponds to an SMBH position in Figure 6 at ϕ = 0◦ (upper left); ϕ = 90◦ (upper right); ϕ = 180◦ (lower left); ϕ = 270◦ (lower right). In each panel, an asterisk at zero latitude marks the SMBH position and a cross marks the direction of the velocity of the SMBH relative to the pulsar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-configuration-of-pulsar-smbh-system-2y6dmopk.png Figure 1. Configuration of pulsar/SMBH system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-photon-initial-and-outgoing-directions-in-spherical-1g1p3zs9.png Figure 2. Photon initial and outgoing directions in spherical coordinates and within the trajectory plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-in-each-panel-above-the-horizontal-axis-is-the-cremb6f4.png Figure 10. In each panel above, the horizontal axis is the time of arrival of pulses observable by the Earth observer, and the vertical axis is the amplitude factor of Equation (1). See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-events-for-a-circular-pulsar-orbit-with-r0-30m-l-45-2q5fw90z.png Figure 9. Events for a circular pulsar orbit with r0 = 30M , λ = 45◦, and a beam cone extending from α = 50◦ to α = 60◦. The axes are the longitude and latitude in the global frame in which the SMBH is stationary. The thin red line is the trajectory of the keyhole. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-keyhole-positions-for-l-15-30-45-and-60-for-various-2th2zlus.png Figure 4. Keyhole positions for λ⊕ = −15◦, −30◦, −45◦, and −60◦ for various r0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-keyhole-positions-and-attenuation-factors-for-r0-2rwbisf6.png Figure 3. Keyhole positions and attenuation factors for r0 = 10M , for various looping numbers. https://scispace.com/papers/strong-impact-of-anthropogenic-contamination-on-the-co-52xkot2u03 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-topological-properties-of-co-3lndcarx.png Table 2. Comparison of topological properties of co-occurrence networks of riverine microbial communities with identically sized Erdös-Rényi random network. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observed-c-scores-and-cvar-scores-mean-metric-values-uptotfl3.png Table 1. Observed C-scores and Cvar-scores, mean metric values under null models, standardized effect sizes (SES) for riverine microbial communities of 20 sampling sites over three hydrological seasons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variation-partitioning-of-microbial-b-diversity-251f9kls.png Figure 6. Variation partitioning of microbial β-diversity variances among https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spatio-temporal-variations-of-microbial-community-vw0t2tub.png Figure 1. Spatio-temporal variations of microbial community structure in Jiulong https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-degree-centrality-plot-of-97-cutoff-otus-in-the-19xk71bh.png Figure 4. (a) Degree-centrality plot of 97%-cutoff OTUs in the co-occurrence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ternary-plot-showing-the-seasonal-distribution-and-lp4i2u8x.png Figure 3. Ternary plot showing the seasonal distribution and relative abundance of https://scispace.com/papers/strong-near-infrared-emission-interior-to-the-dust-1jufsms6ea 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mwc-275-and-ab-aur-model-parameters-for-k-band-oxsjlt0d.png TABLE 1 MWC 275 and AB Aur Model Parameters for K-Band Emission https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-visibility-data-and-models-for-mwc-275-left-and-ab-aur-3ddtbxuc.png Fig. 2.—Visibility data and models for MWC 275 (left) and AB Aur (right). MWC 275 visibilities are plotted as a function of “effective baseline” (see § 2), which accounts for the change in resolution due to disk inclination and P.A. The dotted lines correspond to “standard” rim models tuned to fit visibility data for each source for baselines shorter than 100 m. The solid lines correspond to dust rim gas models. The model parameters are listed in Table 1. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representative-models-for-near-ir-emission-in-herbig-38jb7w1m.png Fig. 1.—Representative models for near-IR emission in Herbig Ae stars. Left panel: A standard curved dust-rim-only model (Isella & Natta 2005; Tannirkulam et al. 2007) where the dust sublimation temperature is a power-law function of gas density (Pollack et al. 1994). Right panel: Gas emission (modeled as a uniform disk centered on the star) has been added inside the dust rim in order to smooth out the emission profile. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/papers/strong-interactions-of-single-atoms-and-photons-in-cavity-kvirl45n80 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-illustrating-a-two-state-atom-interacting-zevh5x2d.png Fig. 1. Schematic illustrating a two-state atom interacting with the quantized Ðeld of an optical cavity with coupling coefficient g. In addition to this reversible evolution are irreversible decay channels denoted by (c, i). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-center-of-mass-wavefunction-t-o-z-and-the-1exawq68.png Fig. 5. The center-of-mass wavefunction t(o, z) and the spatially dependent coupling coefficient g(o, z) are seen to have variation on similar spatial scales for a ““whispering atomÏÏ bound in orbit around a quartz microsphere. Here o is the radial coordinate (with the edge of the sphere at o\ 50 lm), while z measures distance along a line of longitude perpendicular to the equator. The interplay of t(o, z) and g(o, z) gives rise to new structural as well as dynamical phenomena in cavity QED, as analyzed in Ref. [30, 67]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-transmission-of-the-atom-cavity-system-vs-mean-3jyg2afr.png Fig. 3. Transmission of the atom-cavity system vs. mean intracavity photon number m. Note the onset of a nonlinear response for mB 10~2 photons. These measurements are for a probe Ðeld resonant with the coincident atom and cavity frequencies. The transmission is normalized to that of the empty cavity (no atoms). (Ref. [46]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-critical-photon-number-vs-year-the-data-for-this-plot-1o3x0tfl.png Fig. 2. Critical photon number vs. year. The data for this plot aren0 described in Ref. [25], with the exception of the last two points which are from Refs [34, 48], respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-illustration-of-the-protocol-of-ref-88-whereby-a-mz42zicv.png Fig. 6. Illustration of the protocol of Ref. [88] whereby a component of an entangled state for a set of atoms at one site can be transferred to an atom in another set at a remote location. By simple repetition any component of the original state may be so transferred to create nonlocal entanglements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-schematic-of-a-quantum-information-network-as-enabled-3p8nbfpj.png Fig. 7. Schematic of a quantum information network as enabled by capabilities from cavity QED with strong coupling. Internal states of atoms at the quantum nodes are used to generate, process and store quantum information in the fashion of a single cavity in Fig. 6. Photons propagate along the quantum channels to transport quantum states and distribute quantum entanglement following the protocols of Refs [88È91]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-diagram-of-our-experiment-with-cold-atoms-b-3sssgr03.png Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of our experiment with cold atoms. (b) Cavity transmission vs. time after dropping the Cesium atoms from the MOT. The sharp down going spikes correspond to the transits of individual Cesium atoms, are of duration D100 ls, and represent atomic detection near the quantum limits. Note that the cavity transmission is given on a logarithm scale, with mB 1 photon as the steady-state level (at [50 dB) and with reductions approaching 102 for some atom transits through the center of the cavity mode. The inset illustrates the empty cavity proÐle (the central Lorentzian) and that in the presence of an atom (the ““vacuum-RabiÏÏ splitting) for coincident atomic and cavity frequencies. These data are taken for resonant excitation (the central arrow in the inset), while to trap an atom, we switch during a transit to drive the lower component of the vacuum-Rabi doublet as indicated by the second arrow on the left. See Ref. [34]. https://scispace.com/papers/strong-mixed-searching-and-pathwidth-xbiehjwbu6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-solid-circle-vertices-are-occupied-by-searchers-1uxty57n.png Figure 1: The solid-circle vertices are occupied by searchers. A searcher is placed on v at the current step. The solid edges form the 1-action-clearing graph with the search center v. The dashed edges are cleared in the previous steps and the dotted edges are contaminated edges. https://scispace.com/papers/strong-reduction-of-the-coercivity-by-a-surface-acoustic-4342g2lp2z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temperature-dependence-of-the-coercive-field-averaged-2o8eptn4.png FIG. 4. Temperature dependence of the coercive field averaged in front of the IDT (incident rf power P0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-kerr-microscopy-images-690-x-924-mm2-taken-at-p0-t-10-3cqz8gs1.png FIG. 5. Kerr microscopy images (690 × 924 μm2) taken at P0, T = 10 K, and B = 11 mT. The vertical streaks in the first and last images are microscopy artifacts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-hysteresis-cycles-averaged-on-the-saw-path-t-10-k-xtj4d5ds.png FIG. 3. (a) Hysteresis cycles averaged on the SAW path (T = 10 K), without SAW (solid line), off IDT resonance at P0 (open symbols), and at the IDT resonance for different powers. (b) Spatial map of the coercive field based on the hysteresis cycle taken at P0 (image size 690 × 924 μm2). Blue (red) indicates a poor (good) SAW efficiency. Transparent bins indicate that the data were locally too poor to extract a coercive field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematics-of-the-experimental-setup-not-to-scale-a-1rp5o9vb.png FIG. 1. (a) Schematics of the experimental setup (not to scale). A thin SiO2 layer (not represented) is deposited on the (Ga,Mn)(As,P). The SAW assists domain nucleation in the half period during which it lowers the DW energy. (b) Time dependence of the strain (not to scale). SAWs are generated in bursts of duration τSAW = 600 ns, every Trep = 20 ms, during the entire field plateaus of length Tf = 4 s. (c) Hysteresis cycle averaged in front of the emitting IDT without SAW (T = 10 K) and Kerr microscopy image (365 × 273 μm2) of the domains during the field reversal. The magnetic part of the image has been divided by a reference image taken at remanence and the rightmost part left raw to show the transducer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-saw-assisted-reversal-at-p0-8-9-w-mm-t-30-k-a-ppfpcg59.png FIG. 2. SAW-assisted reversal at P0 = 8.9 W/mm (T = 30 K): (a) Hysteresis cycles averaged in front of the SAW emitter, with and without SAW. Inset: Magnetic aftereffect experiment at B = 2 mT under 6000 SAW bursts, corresponding to a duration of 6 min (frep = 15 Hz), 5 min (frep = 20 Hz), or 3.5 min (frep = 30 Hz), intensity averaged in front of the IDT normalized to its initial value. (b)–(g) Kerr microscopy images (690 × 924 μm2) corresponding to the cycle under SAW in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-fraction-of-reversed-magnetization-vs-field-2ioqzcdo.png FIG. 6. (a) Fraction of reversed magnetization vs field calculated by the model, with and without SAW. (b) Time dependence of the SAW-induced strain and nucleation probability at B = 7.35 mT. Dotted lines materialize the onset of nucleation triggered by reaching a threshold compressive strain. (c) Power dependence of the coercive field at T = 10 K, nucleation model, and data, taken as the central value of the Gaussian distribution of Bc in a small area in front of the IDT. https://scispace.com/papers/strongly-coupled-single-quantum-dot-in-a-photonic-crystal-2ffgf083h5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-a-pl-spectra-of-the-strongly-coupled-qd-cavity-2x199464.png FIG. 3. Color a PL spectra of the strongly coupled QD-cavity mode system for various temperatures in steps of 0.5 K showing the anticrossing as the dot is tuned toward the cavity mode. The inset shows the PL spectrum over an extended energy range at 19 K where the cavity mode and several dots can be clearly seen. Two distinct peaks of similar line widths at resonance can be seen red spectra . b Peak positions of the strongly coupled and uncoupled system for various detunings, showing a Rabi splitting of about 140 eV at zero detuning. The squares indicate the measured peaks from the strongly coupled system in a while the red and green lines are obtained from an uncoupled dot and cavity measured on the same sample, respectively. The black lines show the calculated peak positions for a strongly coupled system for a particular detuning energy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-pl-spectra-of-the-resonances-as-the-laser-spot-is-1kyf78gw.png FIG. 2. a PL spectra of the resonances as the laser spot is shifted through the cavity with a 50 nm resolution XYZ stage attached to the objective. A, B, and C correspond to the sections of the PhCWG indicated in Fig. 1 b . The cavity resonance indicated by the arrow clearly disappears either sides of the cavity. b Recorded Q of the cavity resonance for various a and r /a. The guide-to-the-eye solid line shows the pronounced increased cavity losses with higher energies. The inset shows the PL of the QD ensemble. The range of energies over which the cavities were studied is shown by the gray area in the inset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-a-sem-image-of-the-cavity-embedded-in-a-phcwg-3rkkpb0p.png FIG. 1. Color a SEM image of the cavity embedded in a PhCWG with width W=0.98 3a indicated by the white double arrow, where a is the lattice constant. The holes are shifted within the dashed hexagon by red arrows 6 nm, yellow arrows 4 nm, and blue arrows 2 nm in a 250 nm PhC lattice with hole size of about 140 nm. b zoomed out SEM image of a showing the symmetrically defined left a and right c PhCWG sections and the cavity defined at B. c Calculated electric field energy distribution of the cavity mode. https://scispace.com/papers/strongly-secure-one-round-authenticated-key-exchange-1rzkqjw6vu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-protocols-6ygn0hr1.png Table 1. Comparison of Protocols https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-strongly-secure-one-round-authenticated-key-exchange-64qxsqht.png Fig. 1. Strongly Secure One Round Authenticated Key Exchange Protocol with Perfect Forward Security https://scispace.com/papers/strongestpath-a-cytoscape-application-for-protein-protein-2s4r61s6jx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-details-of-identified-strongest-path-s-and-sub-3frwamwy.png Table 2. Details of identified strongest path(s) and sub-optimal strongest path(s) by the application using the STRING background network in four separate runs https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-identified-strongest-path-s-by-the-2tkdbheb.png Table 1. Details of identified strongest path(s) by the application using the KEGG background network https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-view-of-strongestpath-with-four-panels-a-select-cz168tsc.png Fig. 1 A view of StrongestPath with four panels: A) Select Databases, B) Strongest Path, C) Expand and D) Regulatory Path https://scispace.com/papers/structural-alignment-methods-with-applications-to-geospatial-34atqqh4ze 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-applying-the-ssc-method-to-calculate-the-similarity-2ecvqf1z.png Figure 5: Applying the SSC method to calculate the similarity between C and C ′. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-runtime-before-and-after-performance-tuning-for-k5scxp4h.png Figure 20: Runtime before and after performance tuning for the SSC for the four test cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-two-input-graphs-to-be-aligned-by-the-sf-algorithm-1mge9z9q.png Figure 6: Two input graphs to be aligned by the SF algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cowardin-wetland-ontology-used-in-the-usa-cruz-et-3ni47o1h.png Figure 1: Cowardin wetland ontology (used in the USA) (Cruz et al., 2005). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-impact-of-performance-tuning-on-the-base-2aroip41.png Figure 16: Impact of performance tuning on the base similarity recall values for the four test cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-impact-of-similarity-threshold-values-on-precision-33tzaqxg.png Figure 10: Impact of similarity threshold values on precision and recall (computer networks ontology set). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-impact-of-performance-tuning-on-the-ssc-precision-3h9ezxss.png Figure 21: Impact of performance tuning on the SSC precision values for the four test cases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-depth-and-number-of-concepts-in-the-ontology-sets-owt0g4yd.png Table 1: Depth and number of concepts in the ontology sets. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-analysis-of-a-previously-unknown-active-fault-19k5nxtj26 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gray-shaded-relief-maps-showing-the-topographic-31o5c40u.png Figure 3. Gray-shaded relief maps showing the topographic features in the study area. (a) Perspective view of the linear landform. (b) Topographical profile across the YF. (c,d) Close up views of (a). Locations (Loc.) 1–5 are the main localities referred to in the text and in subsequent figures. Small arrows indicate the topographical lineament. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-representative-field-photographs-of-the-fault-3rqg3y9u.png Figure 7. Representative field photographs of the fault outcrop at Loc. 3. (a) Overview of the fault outcrop at Loc. 3. Note that the sediment layers of the Osaka Group have been folded. (b) Coseismic surface ruptures in a vegetable field located ∼100 m southwest of the fault outcrop at Loc. 3. (c) Coseismic surface ruptures at the boundary between the Osaka Group and unconsolidated alluvial deposits. (d) Close up view of the coseismic surface ruptures shown in (c). (e) Exposed fault zone along the coseismic surface rupture zone shown in (c). Note the coseismic surface rupture zone duplicated on the pre-existing fault zone. Thin fault gouge layer (2–3 cm wide) is developed along the fault plane. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-photomicrographs-showing-the-structural-features-282343oi.png Figure 11. Photomicrographs showing the structural features of cataclastic rocks from Loc. 5. (a) Host granitic rocks with microcracks observed on a polished section under a stereomicroscope. (b) Cataclasite bounded by a fault breccia zone along an irregular boundary. (c,d) Fault gouge zonewith layered structure characterized by S-C fabric. Layers 1–4 indicate the fault gouge layers with different colors. S-C and C′ planar fabrics indicate southwest-up movement (half arrows). The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-b-google-earth-image-showing-the-topographic-2g2d4mmx.png Figure 4. (a,b) Google Earth image showing the topographic lineament along a straight valley. (c) Field photograph showing the straight topographical feature shown in (b). The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-representative-field-photographs-of-the-fault-3i4k1emo.png Figure 6. Representative field photographs of the fault outcrop at Loc. 2. (a) Overview of the fault outcrop developed in the Osaka Group. Note that the interbedded layers of mudstone and sandstone dip to the southwest at ∼30°. (b) Close up view of (a). Liquefied sand veins are injected along the fault zones. (c) Liquefied sandstone veins (indicated by arrows) are injected into the mudstone as simple lenses and complicated networks. (d) Liquefied sandstone veins in the mudstone. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-d-representative-field-photographs-of-the-fault-3qr01pzj.png Figure 10. (a–d) Representative field photographs of the fault outcrop at Loc. 5 and (e) stereographic projection of striations. (a, b) Fault shear zone composed of fault breccia and fault gouge layers. Note that the striations developed on the fault plane plunge vertically. (c) Fault gouge layers bounded by a fault plane dipping northeast on which the striations are observed. (d) Fault gouge layers bounded by a fault plane dipping southwest. (e) Stereographic projection showing the orientations of striations on the main fault plane shown in (c). Arrow indicates the slip vector of hanging wall. Contour interval is 5% per 1% area. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-representative-field-photographs-of-the-fault-2f8iqzf7.png Figure 9. Representative field photographs of the fault outcrop at Loc. 5. (a) Overview of the outcrop. The fault outcrop is exposed on an ∼10 m high topographical scarp. (b) Northwestward view of the linear landform from the outcrop at Loc. 5. (c) The fault breccia zone is bounded by two main fault planes. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-index-maps-of-the-study-area-showing-a-the-tectonic-37p845y9.png Figure 1. Index maps of the study area showing (a) the tectonic setting and (b) the distribution of active faults in the Awaji Island (Google image, active fault data are from Research Group for Active Faults of Japan [RGAFJ], 1991), and (c, d) the focal mechanism of the mainshock and the epicentral distribution of earthquakes that occurred on 13 April 2013 (data from the Japan Meteorological Agency, 2013). The Yamada fault (YF) is an active fault, newly reported in this study, on which it is believed that the 2013 Awajishima earthquake occurred. MTL, median tectonic line; ISTL, Itoigawa–Shizuoka tectonic line; RAFT, Arima-Takatsuki tectonic line; NF, Nojima fault; AF, Asano fault; KF, Kusumoto fault; SF, Shizuki fault; SZF, Senzan fault; Honshu Isl., Honshu Island. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-aerodynamics-analysis-on-different-hqd96hhupm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-the-new-structural-solution-2kx9y6gz.png Figure 18 – The new structural solution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-elettra-twin-flyers-demonstrator-3197a5lt.png Figure 1 – Elettra Twin Flyers demonstrator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-soap-shaped-mesh-1ax9b1px.png Figure 8 – Soap-Shaped Mesh https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-yawing-moment-coefficient-cmz-vs-2zu6m88f.png Figure 16 – Yawing-moment coefficient: Cmz Vs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-aerodynamic-coefficients-vs-time-tyk4njh4.png Figure 17 – Aerodynamic Coefficients Vs Time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rigid-soap-shaped-configuration-25ynf27w.png Figure 3 – Rigid soap-shaped configuration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-non-rigid-double-hull-configuration-5bwtlt2p.png Figure 2 – Non-rigid double-hull configuration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-countour-of-pressure-coefficient-2s9ho7t8.png Figure 11 – Countour of Pressure Coefficient & https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-chemical-effects-of-lithium-extraction-in-3ebxwtbs63 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-experimental-spectrum-gives-almost-the-same-result-2w472vk3.png Figure 3: Experimental spectrum gives almost the same result. However both a first-order calculation over four shells of 5-Mn02 (dots) compared with and a third-order calculation over the first two shells give only a single broad multiple scattering simulations for resonance, and the inclusion of multiple scattering to the third and fourth shells is ti) 24, ei) 47 and (iii) and therefore essential to reproduce the experimental data. These shells consist of (iv) a sing1e scattering oxygen atoms at distances 3.3-3.5 A from the central manganese. The near edge for (Spectra structure is therefore found to derive principally from highly degenerate multiple vertically for clarity). scattering paths involving these oxygen atoms, rather than manganese shells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-compares-absorption-edge-spectra-for-limnz04-its-66ac6zvl.png Figure 1 compares absorption edge spectra for LiMnz04, its lithium-extracted I-Mn02 product, and the lithium-reinserted sample. Lithium extraction results in a global shift of the absorption edge by -3 eV to higher energy. The preedge "1s->3d structure also evolves from a mixed MnlllnV form to a welldefined doublet typical of MnN oxides [71. Interatomic distances determined from the EXAFS show contraction of the Mn-0 distance from 1.93 to 1.90 A, O and of Mn-Mn distances from 2.90 to 2.84 A. The data also show a large 6535 6545 6 5 5 5 ~ (e;? 6575 6585 https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-dielectric-study-of-thena0-5bi0-5tio3-1kjxgbf1f6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-nbt-pt-system-room-temperature-lattice-parameters-vs-p0o03i48.png Fig. 1 NBT–PT system. Room-temperature lattice parameters vs. composition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-nbt-pt-system-rhombohedral-range-lattice-parameters-3ii7kom3.png Fig. 2 NBT–PT system: rhombohedral range. Lattice parameters and cell volume vs. temperature for (Na0.5Bi0.5)1−xPbxTiO3 : x = 0 (a), 0.03 (b), 0.05 (c) and 0.09 (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-direct-and-reciprocal-permittivities-of-two-selected-35vbjnh5.png Fig. 8 Direct and reciprocal permittivities of two selected NBT–PT solid solutions showing (a) second-order (x = 0.19) and (b) first-order (x = 0.60) phase transitions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-transition-temperatures-vs-composition-from-htxrd-1tqtkf82.png Fig. 9 Transition temperatures vs. composition from HTXRD (, increasing T ) and DSC (, increasing T ; , decreasing T ) for (a) NBT–PT and (b) KBT–PT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-kbt-pt-system-room-temperature-lattice-parameters-vs-2ijzzl73.png Fig. 4 KBT–PT system. Room-temperature lattice parameters vs. composition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-nbt-pt-system-tetragonal-range-lattice-parameters-and-2vef4zcu.png Fig. 3 NBT–PT system: tetragonal range. Lattice parameters and cell volume vs. temperature for (Na0.5Bi0.5)1−xPbxTiO3: x = 0.30 (a), 0.50 (b), 0.70 (c) and 1 (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-kbt-pt-system-permittivity-and-loss-vs-temperature-for-2lpts14p.png Fig. 7 KBT–PT system. Permittivity and loss vs. temperature for (K0.5Bi0.5)0.51−xPbxTiO3: x = 0 (a), 0.09 (b) , 0.18 (c), 0.30 (d), 0.40 (e), 0.50 (f), 0.60 (g) and 0.80 (h). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-kbt-pt-system-lattice-parameters-vs-temperature-for-k0-166logi9.png Fig. 5 KBT–PT system. Lattice parameters vs. temperature for (K0.5Bi0.5)1−xPbxTiO3: x = 0.05 (a), 0.20 (b) , 0.40 (c) and 0.90 (d ). https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-electrical-characterisation-of-ion-implanted-3tr0ox4tme 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-large-area-back-reflection-topograph-of-a-si0-77ge0-23-2vcfnrh8.png Fig. 3. Large area back reflection topograph of a Si0.77Ge0.23 substrate and a 12-nm s ¯ t w p i https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-electronic-properties-of-lead-sulfide-quantum-3te8k67gb9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-calculated-average-pb-s-distances-a-as-a-function-37scl2oz.png Figure 2. Calculated average Pb-S distances (Å) as a function of increasing NP size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-computed-electronic-absorption-spectra-of-different-1grwx4zc.png Figure 6. Computed electronic absorption spectra of different NPs at HSE+SOC level (all spectra normalized to the same cell volume). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structures-of-pbs-n-nanoparticles-examined-in-the-ken9wxyu.png Figure 1. Structures of (PbS)n nanoparticles examined in the present paper and PBE (HSE) relative energies in eV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-computed-electronic-absorption-spectra-of-pbs-32-2pweesgu.png Figure 5. Computed electronic absorption spectra of (PbS)32 cubic structure with different DFT functionals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-homo-lumo-ev-gaps-as-a-function-of-increasing-np-17y875tq.png Figure 4. HOMO-LUMO (eV) gaps as a function of increasing NP size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-computed-average-bond-energy-ev-as-a-function-of-q3r0qnw2.png Figure 3. Computed average bond energy (eV) as a function of increasing NP size. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-electronic-properties-of-li-intercalated-1az3xri0tq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-band-structure-of-free-standing-c6lic6-as-calculated-14a618h4.png FIG. 4. Band structure of free-standing C6LiC6 as calculated with DFT (red solid lines) and using a tight-binding model (blue dashed lines), compared to the experimental ARPES spectra [cf. Fig. 1(i)]. The calculated band structures have been shifted rigidly in energy to match the top π∗ band. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-structure-of-c6lic6-a-top-view-showing-the-graphene-2zikohce.png FIG. 5. Structure of C6LiC6. (a) Top view showing the graphene lattice vectors a1 and a2 and the lattice vectors of C6LiC6, R1 and R2. R1 and R2 are rotated by 30 ◦ with respect to a1 and a2 and are √ 3 longer. The two carbon sublattices are denoted with gray and white circles and Li atoms are shown as green circles. The two types of bonds associated with the Kekulé textured graphene are shown as thin and thick solid lines. The two different intralayer hopping parameters between carbon atoms associated with these two bonds are denoted t and t ′. The six atoms belonging to the C6LiC6 unit cell of one of the graphene layers are labeled 1–6, and are used to generate the Hamiltonian of the system. (b) Side view showing the interlayer coupling parameters, γ1 between carbon atoms directly on top of one another, and γ2 and γ ′2 describing the textured skew coupling terms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-band-dispersion-recorded-from-monolayer-graphene-28hy216f.png FIG. 1. Band dispersion recorded from monolayer graphene samples before [(a)–(c)] and after [(d)–(f)] Li deposition, and after heating to 300 ◦C [(g)–(i)]. The dashed lines are guides to the eye for illustrating the location of the first and second K̄ points or an initial state energy of 0 eV and −1.4 eV. The Fermi energy is located at 0 eV. (j) The 2D Brillouin zone of graphene showing the ̄, M̄ , and K̄ high-symmetry points. The A and A′ directions are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-calculated-band-structure-of-a-ab-stacked-clean-1n883tt9.png FIG. 3. Calculated band structure of (a) AB-stacked clean bilayer graphene, (b) AA-stacked clean bilayer graphene (c) AB-stacked C8LiC8, (d) AA-stacked C8LiC8, (e) AB-stacked C6LiC6, and (f) AAstacked C6LiC6. The high-symmetry labels are those of the graphene unit cell. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-band-dispersion-recorded-in-the-vicinity-of-the-k-3i98mt2a.png FIG. 2. Band dispersion recorded in the vicinity of the K̄ point (top two panels) and angular distributions extracted at fixed energies close to the Dirac point. The six energies are shown as white dashed lines through the band dispersions in the top panels. The Fermi energy is located at 0 eV. An incident photon energy of 33 eV was used. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-electronic-band-structure-of-a-the-li-intercalated-2dxfk20d.png FIG. 6. Electronic band structure of (a) the Li intercalated zero layer graphene on SiC(0001) system and (b) Li intercalated monolayer graphene on SiC(0001). The Li concentration corresponds to LiC8 and LiC8LiC8, respectively. The insets show the relaxed structure of both configurations. The Fermi energy is located at 0 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-side-view-of-a-2-x-1-unit-cell-of-sic-0001-that-37lglb7m.png FIG. 7. Side view of a 2 × 1 unit cell of SiC(0001) that includes two layers of graphene (16 C atoms in each) and three Li atoms. Isosurfaces of charge density difference show how charge is transferred from a Li atom inserted (a) between the two carbon layers and (b) at the interface between SiC and the bottom carbon layer. A purple (orange) isosurface refers to a gain (loss) in charge density. The isosurface value is 0.0005 e/a.u.3. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-functional-characterization-of-sticholysin-27vvric1e3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-maximum-initial-rates-of-calcein-release-from-dops-36talvur.png Figure 10. Maximum initial rates of calcein release from DOPS:SM:Chol (1:1:1) vesicles, showed as normalized fluorescence intensity increment/s, as a function of different concentrations of StnI (orange) and StnIII (blue). Values are average of n = 3 ± SEM. Data for StnII are not shown to ensure proper visualization of StnI and StnIII differences, given that StnII is much more active. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-binding-of-stniii-to-dopc-sm-chol-1-1-1-vesicles-21fe209d.png Figure 11. Binding of StnIII to DOPC:SM:Chol (1:1:1) vesicles studied by ITC. Reactant concentrations were 5 µM of StnIII and 3 mM of lipids. Binding isotherms were adjusted to a model in which protein membrane binding involves the participation of “n” lipid molecules as described [31]. The c values (c = Ka x P0) for the graphs shown is within the range 1–1000. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calculated-extinction-coefficients-e0-1-content-of-a983fgmp.png Table 1. Calculated extinction coefficients (E0.1%), content of Trp and Tyr residues, relative Trp and Tyr emission yields, and melting temperature (Tm), and HC50, values of the three Stn natural variants used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-binding-to-dopc-sm-chol-1-1-1-vesicles-by-stni-ii-19zqsg50.png Table 2. Binding to DOPC:SM:Chol (1:1:1) vesicles by StnI, II and III studied by ITC. All results shown are the average of at least three independent experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-thermal-denaturation-profile-of-stniii-measurements-2ewdzz35.png Figure 7. Thermal denaturation profile of StnIII. Measurements were performed by continuously recording the mean residue weight ellipticity at 220 nm (θMRW). These ellipticity values were used to calculate the percentage of native protein at each temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-stability-study-of-stniii-sds-page-analysis-of-12shknjy.png Figure 8. Stability study of StnIII. SDS-PAGE analysis of actinoporin solution preparations maintained at 4 ˚C(1), -20 ˚C (2), and -80 ˚C (3) for 24 h (A), 72 h (B), or 1 week (C). (Mw) Molecular weight standard (Low-Range SDS-PAGE Standards - Biorad) were also loaded, and the corresponding molecular masses are indicated in kDa at the left margin https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hydrophobicity-profile-of-stns-n-terminal-ends-52-a-1hbnma46.png Figure 4. Hydrophobicity profile of Stns’ N-terminal ends [52] (A), calculated hydrophobicity (H) [53] and hydrophobic moment (μH) [53] (B) of the first 31, 30 and 33 residues of StnI, II and III respectively. The window size employed in (A) was 3 amino acids and the graph was made through simulation at Expasy ProScale web server tool (http://web.expasy.org/protscale/). (C) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-hemolytic-activity-of-stni-orange-stnii-black-and-3cpkrt5f.png Figure 9. Hemolytic activity of StnI (orange), StnII (black) and StnIII (blue) expressed as the maximum initial hemolytic rate (% hemolysis/s) as a function of different Stn concentrations ranging from 0.1 nM to 100 nM. Values are average of n = 3 ± SEM. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-functional-correlates-of-epileptogenesis-does-1vz995papf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-some-epilepsy-syndromes-with-gender-differences-1t944qiu.png Table 1 Some epilepsy syndromes with gender differences. Derived from Engel (2013) and Panayiotopoulos (2010). https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-low-field-magnetic-characterization-of-qf2rpt6a1p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-micrograph-of-cross-section-of-an-annealed-2sy5vj7i.png Fig. 1. SEM micrograph of cross-section of an annealed Cusheathed MgB2 composite wire with 1.5mm in diameter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-of-the-mgb2-powders-a-2rwrzu9l.png Fig. 2. X-ray diffraction patterns of the MgB2 powders, (a) before packing, (b) after removing the Cu sheath mechanically after the cold drawing process to a wire with outer diameter of 1.5mm, (c) after annealing at 800 C for 3min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-full-penetration-field-hp-versus-peak-temperature-2pk8fuso.png Fig. 4. The full penetration field, Hp versus peak temperature, Tp is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-numerical-solutions-of-fundamental-harmonic-3vwy8i1w.png Fig. 5. Numerical solutions of fundamental harmonic susceptibilities to Eqs. (1) and (2) versus temperature are shown for Hac = 20, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1280, 1600A/m (rms) and Hdc = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-plot-of-experimental-and-theoretical-ac-losses-qhyvndj7.png Fig. 6. The plot of experimental and theoretical ac losses versus Hac for three different temperatures is given. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-measurements-of-fundamental-harmonic-3kwh46wf.png Fig. 3. Experimental measurements of fundamental harmonic susceptibilities are given for Hac = 20, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1280, 1600A/m (rms) and Hdc = 0, f = 111Hz. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-magnetic-characterization-of-two-tetranuclear-3sele21fpq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-molecular-structure-of-complex-1-dotted-lines-esa48lao.png Figure 1. Molecular structure of complex 1 (dotted lines indicate long Cu-O bond distances). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-molecular-structure-of-complex-2-dotted-lines-3j53jk79.png Figure 2. Molecular structure of complex 2 (dotted lines indicate long Cu-O bond distances). The water molecule bound at each copper ion (Cu-Ow = 2.797(6) Å) not shown for sake of clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-complex-1-viewed-down-the-s4-symmetry-axis-and-a-3it09md8.png Figure 3. Complex 1 viewed down the S4 symmetry axis and a perspective side view (H-atoms and ethyl groups not shown). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bond-lengths-a-and-angles-deg-for-complexes-1-and-2-nd3mifpo.png Table 1. Bond lengths (Å) and angles (°) for complexes 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-magnetic-properties-of-fe-fe-c-n-6-4-h-2-o-4p1h1kq6g1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-distribution-of-electrons-int2g-andeg-orbitals-for-2plbrbeu.png FIG. 8. Distribution of electrons int2g andeg orbitals for high spin and low spin Fe3+ ions. F indicates ferromagnetic coupling and AF indicates antiferromagnetic coupling among magnetic orbitals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-room-temperature-neutron-diffraction-pattern-of-6ngev2f9.png FIG. 1. Room temperature neutron diffraction pattern of ferriferricyanide. Open circles show observed data and solid line represents the Rietveld refined pattern. The difference pattern is https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-structural-parameters-for-ferriferricyanide-at-room-381qvb0m.png TABLE I. Structural parameters for ferriferricyanide at room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fc-magnetization-vs-temperature-curve-at-1-koe-field-1qzgs06m.png FIG. 4. FC magnetization vs temperature curve at 1 kOe field. Inset shows the inverse susceptibility vs temperature curve. Solid line is the Curie-Weiss fit in the temperature range 30–75 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mossbauer-spectrum-of-ferriferricyanide-at-room-2ah7o3yg.png FIG. 3. Mössbauer spectrum of ferriferricyanide at room temperature. Open circles show the observed data and the thick solid line is the least square fitted curve. Two thin solid lines represent https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-unit-cell-of-feffescnd6g-4h2o-fe1-and-fe2-represent-2gzsjx2e.png FIG. 2. Unit cell of FefFesCNd6g ·4H2O. Fe1 and Fe2 represent Fe3+ ions ats0, 0, 0d and s1/2,1/2,1/2d with Fm3m space group symmetry, respectively. Water molecules are omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-hysteresis-curve-at-4-2-k-top-inset-shows-the-virginm-vjktzqmb.png FIG. 5. Hysteresis curve at 4.2 K. Top inset shows the virginM vs H curve at 2.3 K and solid line is the fit of the curve under mean field approximationssee textd. Bottom inset shows theHC vs T ssolid line is drawn to guide the eyesd. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-neutron-diffraction-patterns-at-50-and-1-5-k-observed-29jr8rsa.png FIG. 6. Neutron diffraction patterns at 50 and 1.5 K. Observed data are shown by the open circles. Solid lines represent the calculated patterns. The difference patterns are shown at the bottom for each temperature. Short vertical lines represent the positions of Bragg peaks. Theshkld values of all the Bragg peaks are also indi- https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-magnetic-properties-of-nd-fe-mo-n-melt-spun-1eahqjj4aq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-room-temperature-mossbauer-spectrum-of-ribbons-melt-36obkwd5.png Figure 5: Room temperature Mössbauer spectrum of ribbons melt-spun at (a) 30 m/s, (b) 35 m/s and (c) 44 m/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-of-nd1-2fe10-6mo1-4-4ufxbw7h.png Figure 2: X-ray diffraction patterns of Nd1.2Fe10.6Mo1.4 ribbons melt-spun at various wheel speed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-saturation-magnetization-and-coercive-field-of-nd1-10gouajk.png Figure 7: Saturation magnetization and coercive field of Nd1.2Fe10.55Mo1.45Nx samples as a function of the quenching rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-m-h-loop-of-the-as-spun-nd1-2fe10-55mo1-45-2rpzmlp9.png Figure 4: (a) M-H loop of the as spun Nd1.2Fe10.55Mo1.45 ribbons and their (b) saturation magnetization (Ms) and coercive field (Hc) as a function of the quenching rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-m-t-measurements-of-as-spun-ribbons-for-u0ha-10-mt-wvjfo7qe.png Figure 3: M(T) measurements of as-spun ribbons for µ0Ha = 10 mT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-of-ribbons-quenched-at-95qz4d2z.png Figure 6: X-ray diffraction patterns of ribbons quenched at different wheel speed, before and after nitrogenation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-x-ray-pattern-obtained-from-30-c-to-450-c-under-3edj7cof.png Figure 11: X-ray pattern obtained from 30 ◦C to 450 ◦C under air for the Nd1.2Fe10.6Mo1.4N quenched at 30 m/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-thermogravimetry-analysis-under-air-of-the-nd1-17trgx0q.png Figure 10: Thermogravimetry analysis under air of the Nd1.2Fe10.6Mo1.4N quenched at 30 m/s. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-magnetic-properties-and-superconductivity-in-4b5qbllyq1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-experimentally-determined-ru-concentration-xwds-wi4tvmen.png Figure 5.1: Experimentally determined Ru concentration, xWDS , vs nominal Ru concentration. Error bars are ±2σ (values from Table 5.1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-wds-data-for-ba-fe1-xrux-2as2-n-is-the-number-of-295f8b0r.png Table 5.1: WDS data for Ba(Fe1−xRux)2As2. N is the number of points measured in each batch, xWDS is the average x value for that batch, and 2σ is twice the standard deviation of the N values measured. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-3-unit-cell-parameters-a-and-c-for-cr-and-co-alone-1xn0wiet.png Figure 7.3: Unit cell parameters, a and c for Cr and Co alone (left) and Cr+Co (right), normalized to those of the parent compound BaFe2As2, for which a0 = 3.96 Å and c0 = 13.0 Å. The lines on the left are linear fits, used to calculate the open points on the right, and the black line on the right is the same as the one on the left. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-7-temperature-dependent-magnetization-for-ba-fe1-29rojoat.png Figure 6.7: Temperature dependent magnetization for Ba(Fe1−xMnx)2As2 with H||c. In all cases, H = 55 kOe. The x = 0.092 data are shown in both panels for the sake of comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-6-temperature-dependent-magnetization-for-ba-fe1-1dsetnn3.png Figure 6.6: Temperature dependent magnetization for Ba(Fe1−xMnx)2As2 with H||ab. In all cases, H = 55 kOe. The x = 0.092 data are shown in both panels for the sake of comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-13-t-x-phase-diagram-for-ba-fe1-xmnx-2as2-single-2cqfj6d7.png Figure 6.13: T-x phase diagram for Ba(Fe1−xMnx)2As2 single crystals for 0 < x < 0.2, now compared with results from neutron scattering and from thermopower measurements for comparison.Thaler et al. (2011); Kim et al. (2010b) For x & 0.1 the transition temperature inferred from the broad resistive feature roughly agrees with the temperature (T ∗) below which neutron scattering detects long range magnetic order (Kim et al. (2010b)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-phase-diagram-of-the-fe-as-binary-system-s28mrgjw.png Figure 3.1: Phase diagram of the Fe-As binary system. (Copyright c©1996 ASM International [ASM (1996)]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-b-from-an-applied-h-in-a-perfect-conductor-a-and-2gqu8epq.png Figure 2.1: B from an applied H in a perfect conductor (a) and a superconductor (b). https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-magnetic-dynamics-in-the-magnetic-shape-43qe3jxkmf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-mt-to-aus-transition-a-change-in-intensity-of-o1090koy.png FIG. 2. (Color) MT to AUS transition. (a) Change in intensity of the (20201) satellite reflection as a function of time and laser fluence. The inset shows the thermal transition time τth as a function of laser fluence. (b) Color plot of the dynamics of the (202) lattice reflection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-modulation-dynamics-a-change-in-intensity-of-the-195ypyx5.png FIG. 1. (Color) Modulation dynamics. (a) Change in intensity of the (20201) satellite reflection as a function of time after laser excitation at five laser pump fluences. (b) Change in intensity of the MT (202) Bragg reflection. The color code matches (a). (c) Oscillation frequencies from optical data (circles) and the x-ray data (black squares) from (a) as a function of laser fluence. (d) Damping times from the fits in (a). (e) Intensity of the (20201) reflection after ∼500 fs. The black line is a fit as described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-magnetization-dynamics-a-change-in-magnetization-2846glr2.png FIG. 3. (Color) Magnetization dynamics. (a) Change in magnetization as a function of time for Ni2MnGa. The pump fluence was 1.4 mJ/cm2. (b) Reference trace taken on an Fe(001) single crystal. (c) Change in magnetization for Ni2MnGa at times up to 50 ps for three different fluences. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-magnetic-properties-of-the-001-and-111-4luc428yq3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-local-dos-for-the-atoms-at-the-surface-and-3ixppv0q.png Figure 3. Local DOS for the atoms at the surface and subsurface layers for both Ni- and MnSb- terminated NiMnSb(001) surfaces. The results of the relaxed and unrelaxed surfaces are indicated by thick solid lines and dashed lines, respectively. Grey shaded regions represent the bulk results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relative-changes-in-the-distance-dij-between-1y0vt57o.png Table 3. Relative changes in the distance ∆dij between successive layers i, j when the atomic positions were relaxed for the (111) surfaces. Negative signs correspond to contractions, positive to expansions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-atom-projected-spin-magnetic-moments-mspin-in-ub-for-2e6qap7z.png Table 4. Atom-projected spin magnetic moments (mspin) in µB for the atoms at the top six layers for all Ni-, Mn- and Sb-terminated (111) surfaces and for both relaxed and unrelaxed cases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-atom-projected-spin-magnetic-moments-mspin-in-ub-for-122c4poa.png Table 2. Atom-projected spin magnetic moments (mspin) in µB for the atoms at the top four layers for both Ni- and MnSb-terminated (001) surfaces for both relaxed and unrelaxed cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-same-as-figure-6-for-the-mn-and-sb-terminated-111-35ebpr9n.png Figure 8. Same as figure 6 for the Mn- and Sb-terminated (111) surfaces. Each column represents a different surface termination. The top panels represent the surface layers, the middle ones the subsurface layers and the bottom panels the subsubsurface ones. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spin-projected-dos-at-the-fermi-level-n-ef-or-n-ef-3d5zbyc1.png Table 1. Spin-projected DOS at the Fermi level (n↑(EF) or n ↓(EF)) for different (001) surfaces taking into account either the top two layers, S and S−1 (upper panel), or the top four layers (lower panel). The spin-polarization is defined as https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-band-structure-for-both-the-majority-and-minority-1icce1lq.png Figure 1. Band structure for both the majority- and minority-spin electrons along the high symmetry axis. The minority band is semiconducting while the majority is metallic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-same-as-figure-3-for-the-ni-terminated-111-surfaces-2rcstmxz.png Figure 6. Same as figure 3 for the Ni-terminated (111) surfaces. There are two different Ni terminations, either with a Sb or a Mn layer as the subsurface one. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-spatially-resolved-studies-on-the-hardening-2gc9rcdph5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-time-constants-of-the-double-exponential-functions-busgxsbs.png Table 1 Time constants of the double exponential functions that best fit the slice intensity decay at the indicated depth of the 1H STRAFI-MRI profiles obtained from F2LC self-cured over 72 h https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-time-constants-of-the-double-exponential-functions-29ml6ggn.png Table 2 Time constants of the double exponential functions that best fit the slice intensity decay at the indicated depth of the 1H STRAFI-MRI profiles obtained from F2LC self- & photo-cured over 90 s (470 nm, 500 mW/cm2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1h-mas-nmr-spectra-of-the-glass-a-self-cured-b-and-2lk401st.png Fig. 4 1H MAS NMR spectra of the glass (a), self-cured (b) and self- & photo-cured (c) F2LC cement https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-13c-cp-mas-nmr-spectra-of-the-self-cured-a-and-self-2vbahjpj.png Fig. 5 13C CP/MAS NMR spectra of the self-cured (a) and self& photo-cured (b) F2LC cement https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-27al-mas-spectra-recorded-at-78-17-mhz-from-the-glass-2pn828ta.png Fig. 6 27Al MAS spectra recorded at 78.17 MHz from the glass (a) and from F2LC cements either self-cured (b) or self- & photo-cured (c) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1h-nmr-spectrum-of-the-liquid-component-of-f2lc-in-2zq28uuh.png Fig. 1 1H NMR spectrum of the liquid component of F2LC, in CDCl3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-concentration-and-nmr-parameters-for-the-27al-36kwsugx.png Table 3 Concentration and NMR parameters for the 27Al species in the glass and in SC and SPC F2LC cements, obtained by fitting the experimental 1D spectra using the software program dmfit [35] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-7al-mqmas-spectra-obtained-at-104-31-mhz-with-a-14-0-t59rca9v.png Fig. 7 7Al MQMAS spectra obtained at 104.31 MHz with a 14.0 kHz spinning rate from the F2LC cements either self-cured (a) or self- & photo-cured (b) https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-spectroscopic-characterisation-of-c4-44r1n4c8zb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-structural-parameters-for-1-4-experimental-1pjt60mq.png Table 1. Selected structural parameters for (1 - 4). Experimental values in brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-selected-structural-parameters-for-the-three-lowest-1vg7yxdi.png Table 5. Selected structural parameters for the three lowest energy conformers of (R)-2butanol (5 - 7). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-comparison-of-a-measured-and-calculated-infrared-22ax1sag.png Figure 15. Comparison of (a) measured and calculated infrared spectra of 2-butanol, (b) (Tt) conformer (5), (c) (Tg–) conformer (6) and (d) (Tg+) conformer (7). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparison-of-measured-red-upper-and-calculated-2n7ifx3v.png Figure 11. Comparison of measured (red, upper) and calculated (blue, lower) INS spectra of 2-butanone (4). Fundamentals only. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-of-measured-red-upper-and-calculated-3duf8181.png Figure 10. Comparison of measured (red, upper) and calculated (blue, lower) infrared spectra of 2-butanone (4). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measured-and-calculated-vibrational-transition-gi0drfq9.png Table 2. Measured and calculated vibrational transition energies for 3-butyne-2-one. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-reaction-scheme-for-the-hydrogenation-of-3-butyne-2fadrquy.png Figure 1. A reaction scheme for the hydrogenation of 3-butyne-2-one to 2-butanol via 3- butene-2-one and 2-butanone. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-potential-energy-scan-of-the-c1-methyl-group-2v65z3f5.png Figure 9. Potential energy scan of the C1 methyl group orientation in 2-butanone. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-stratigraphic-evolution-of-the-mid-north-sea-ifrr7pk318 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-surfaces-interpreted-in-this-study-noted-are-the-37gs8qb6.png Table 1: Surfaces interpreted in this study. Noted are the surfaces provided in the original Oil and Gas Authority (OGA) Mid North Sea High data pack. *Top Chalk is picked as Top Upper Cretaceous Chalk in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-seismic-line-oga-2015-l58-and-b-oga-2015-l18-1cdfn8ko.png Figure 4: (A) Seismic Line OGA_2015 L58 and (B) OGA_2015 L18. Upper panel shows OGA_2015 seismic data and well locations. Lower panels show the interpretation of the seismic data and key observations. Line locations indicated on Figure 3. Colours indicate geological age (see Fig. 5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-chronostratigraphy-of-the-mid-north-sea-high-2dwaz0j5.png Figure 5: The chronostratigraphy of the Mid North Sea High. Interpreted seismic horizons are highlighted. The seismic loop picked is indicated. Data is zero phase, normal polarity, therefore peaks represent a hard acoustic impedance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-base-permian-uc-and-carboniferous-seismic-facies-3014deg4.png Figure 10: Base Permian UC and Carboniferous seismic facies and fault blocks. Seismic section location indicated in Figure 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-data-used-in-this-study-including-well-and-1hc0lpmc.png Figure 3: The data used in this study including well and seismic data. Location of seismic lines shown in Figure 4 indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-isochron-maps-with-interpretation-for-the-four-key-1wjn8pgy.png Figure 6: Isochron maps with interpretation for the four key Tectonostratigraphic Units A to D. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-exploration-history-of-the-greater-mid-north-2ich1zss.png Figure 2: The exploration history of the Greater Mid North Sea High region over time. License blocks shaded grey and wells drilled are indicated. Study area highlighted by blue polygon. Gas (red) and oil (green) discoveries are highlighted in addition to unsanctioned discovery Crosgan. Highlighted wells 28/29-1 and 44/02-1 are the first and second exploration wells to be drilled offshore the UKCS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-seismofacies-mapping-of-the-kyle-limestone-with-1wz1zgn9.png Figure 9: Seismofacies mapping of the Kyle Limestone with associated well penetrations. Unknown indicates that the well did not penetrate this stratigraphic level. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-vibrational-characterisation-of-3-amino-1-ilnx2nb7u8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-kq3fl0k0.png Table 3 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulation-of-the-ar-matrix-lower-and-calculated-hf-6-ixq6q71y.png Fig. 5. Simulation of the Ar matrix (lower) and calculated HF 6-31G* (upper) spectra of 3-amino-1-propanol in the 4000-500 cm−1 spectral region, obtained by gaussian synthesis from the experimental and ab initio frequencies and intensities (constant half band width assumed). Calculated wavenumbers were scaled by 0.89. Calculated intensities presented as relative intensities to form I (considering the predicted populations of the conformational states); experimental intensities are normalised intensities [Ii obs (norm)] obtained from the area of each observed peak, subjected to previous deconvolution (Ii obs), by using the formula Ii obs (norm)=Ii obs× SIical/SIiobs (where SIical, sum of the calculated intensities; SIiobs, sum of the observed intensities; i, observed band). When site splitting occurs, experimental wavenumbers correspond to weighted averages [yobs=Syiobs×Iiobs(norm)/SIiobs(norm)] and intensities are the sum of the intensities of all component bands. The total intensity of each spectrum was normalised to unit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-infrared-spectra-3750-2750-cm-1-region-of-3-amino-1-rdakv5p4.png Fig. 6. Infrared spectra (3750–2750 cm−1 region) of 3-amino-1-propanol in CCl4 solution, at room temperature. Concentrations are: (a) 15 mM; (b) 100 mM; and (c) 500 mM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-projections-of-the-resulting-structure-of-3-amino-1-1tellj5x.png Fig. 1. Projections of the resulting structure of 3-amino-1-propanol obtained by microwave spectroscopy (adapted from [2]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hf-6-31g-calculated-relevant-vibrational-wavenumbers-w31x1rkf.png Table 2 HF 6-31G* calculated relevant vibrational wavenumbers (n) and absolute intensities (Iir, infrared; IR, Raman) for the most populated conformational states of 3-amino-1-propanola https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-hf-6-31g-calculated-oh-bond-lengths-n-ho-distances-p7x6yub4.png Table 5 HF 6-31G* calculated OH bond lengths, N HO distances for the conformational ground states of 3-amino-1-propanol and 2-aminoethanol for the isolated molecule situationa https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-liquid-phase-infrared-upper-and-raman-bottom-spectra-1mh0t1up.png Fig. 7. Liquid phase infrared (upper) and Raman (bottom) spectra of 3-amino-1-propanol (room temperature). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-low-temperature-14-k-infrared-spectrum-of-3-amino-1-1hjc01ws.png Fig. 4. Low temperature (14 K) infrared spectrum of 3-amino-1-propanol isolated in an Ar matrix (baseline corrected; water bands subtracted). https://scispace.com/papers/structural-basis-of-altered-potency-and-efficacy-displayed-400pq8bkq1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-piooh-stabilizes-coactivator-binding-to-the-pparg-1o3i0xap.png Figure 7. PioOH stabilizes coactivator binding to the PPARg LBD. (A,B) Representative thermograms and normalized plotted data from ITC analysis of TRAP220 binding to Pio- (A) or PioOH- (B) bound PPARγ LBD. (C) Fitted thermodynamic parameters from a global analysis of two replicate runs per condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-differential-nmr-analysis-of-pio-and-piooh-bound-33op9f04.png Figure 3. Differential NMR analysis of Pio- and PioOH-bound PPARγ LBD. (A) Overlay of 2D [1H,15N]-TROSYHSQC spectra 15N-labeled PPARg LBD (200 µM) with 2 molar equivalents of Pio or PioOH. (B) Residues with NMR chemical shift perturbations (CSPs) greater than 1 S.D. from the average plotted on the PPARg LBD with the Pio and PioOH ligands displayed as blue and magenta sticks, respectively. Blue dashed ovals indicate two regions with the most CSPs, the b-sheet region and the putative pocket entry/exit region. The dashed gray loop indicates the conformationally flexible W-loop absent from in the crystal structures. Pio is shown in light blue and PioOH is shown in magenta. (C) NMR CSPs plotted by residue; residues are highlighted with CSPs > 1 S.D. (pink dashed lines and circles) or 2 S.D. (red dashed line and circles) from the mean CSP (0.013 p.p.m.). PPARg LBD structural elements are depicted linearly above the graph. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pio-hydroxylation-affects-coactivator-and-2f9z9isr.png Figure 6. Pio hydroxylation affects coactivator and corepressor binding to PPARg LBD. (A,B) Fluorescence polarization assays determined the binding affinities of FITC-labeled peptides derived from the (A) TRAP220 coactivator and (B) NCoR corepressor. Assays performed using a saturating amount of ligand, or vehicle control. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-functional-comparison-of-pio-and-piooh-in-2svn829i.png Figure 1. Functional comparison of Pio and PioOH in biochemical assays. (A) Chemical structures of pioglitazone (Pio; left) and the pioglitazone metabolite 1-hydroxypioglitazone (PioOH; right). (B) Competitive binding assay of His-tagged PPARγ LBD with titration of Pio or PioOH. Ligand Ki values for FluormoneTM Pan-PPAR displacement are shown in the legend. (C) Tm values from CD spectroscopy thermal denaturation analysis monitored at 222 nm of delipidated apo-PPARg LBD without or with addition of one molar equivalent of ligand; Tm values are noted above the bars. (D) TR-FRET assay of His-tagged PPARγ LBD with FITC-TRAP220 peptide with Pio or PioOH. Ligand EC50 values for peptide recruitment are shown in the legend. (E) TR-FRET of His-tagged PPARγ LBD with FITCNCoR1 peptide titrated with Pio or PioOH. Ligand IC50 values for peptide displacement are shown in the legend. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-piooh-induces-a-modestly-greater-transcriptional-ndzwrgk3.png Figure 8. PioOH induces a modestly greater transcriptional efficacy of the PPARγ LBD. (A) Full-length PPARγ luciferase transcriptional assay using a 3xPPRE-luciferase reporter plasmid in HEK293T cells treated with increasing concentrations of Pio or PioOH; data are normalized to DMSO control treated cells. (B) PPARg LBD-Gal4 DBD luciferase transcriptional assay using a 5xUAS-luciferase reporter plasmid in HEK293T cells treated with increasing concentrations of Pio or PioOH; data are normalized to DMSO control treated cells. Ligand EC50 values for cellular transcriptional activation are shown in the legends. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correlation-between-differential-nmr-data-and-1abu7tsx.png Figure 4. Correlation between differential NMR data and crystal structures. (A) Representative residues with notable NMR CSPs in the b-sheet region of the ligand-binding pocket. Blue arrows indicate the direction of the CSP from Pio (black peaks) to PioOH (red peaks). (B) Subtle conformational changes in β-strand region are observed in PPARγ LBD crystal structures bound to Pio (PDB code 5Y2O, chain A; light orange cartoon, white ligand) and PioOH (PDB code 6DHA, chain A; light green cartoon, yellow ligand). (C) Representative residues, depicted as in (A), with notable CSPs in the ligand entry/exit region of the ligand-binding pocket, which (D) also manifest as subtle conformational changes in ligand-bound crystal structures, as depicted in (B). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-crystallography-refinement-statistics-20z6wg66.png Table 1. Crystallography refinement statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fitted-isothermal-titration-calorimetry-parameters-9m0flwah.png Table 2. Fitted isothermal titration calorimetry parameters for TRAP220 titrated into PPARg LBD. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-behaviour-of-concrete-columns-under-natural-fires-3372ra5s2w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-column-may-experience-delayed-collapse-under-d9t0idgs.png Fig. 4: The column may experience delayed collapse under natural fire depending on the applied load https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-influence-of-the-concrete-material-model-on-the-risk-2urs2wpt.png Fig. 10: Influence of the concrete material model on the risk of delayed collapse (2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-influence-of-the-concrete-material-model-on-the-risk-2he7b2zj.png Fig. 9: Influence of the concrete material model on the risk of delayed collapse (1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-schematic-computation-processes-for-the-implicit-23316iij.png Table 1: Schematic computation processes for the implicit concrete model of Eurocode (ITCEC2) and for the explicit model (ETC-EC2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-isotherms-after-60-minutes-in-a-section-heated-on-3-3r9j7k4t.png Fig. 3: Isotherms after 60 minutes in a section heated on 3 sides (1/2 modeled) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-influence-of-the-duration-of-the-heating-phase-on-the-1fxc1ekt.png Fig. 8: Influence of the duration of the heating phase on the possibility of delayed collapse for a 600 x 600 mm side section https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-influence-of-the-effective-length-of-the-column-on-the-2xhgaoac.png Fig. 7: Influence of the effective length of the column on the possibility of delayed collapse https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-between-measured-and-computed-results-of-2r6q31ae.png Fig. 1: Comparison between measured and computed results of the displacement at the top of the columns https://scispace.com/papers/structural-biosynthetic-and-serological-cross-reactive-y1ut9rakko 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-expansion-of-1h-spectra-of-native16f-cps-ultra-34fxgq8n.png Fig. 1 Expansion of 1H spectra of native16F CPS, Ultra sonicated16F CPS, de-OAc 16F CPS and 464 de-P-Gro 16F CPS 465 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-serogroup-16-cps-biosynthetic-gene-loci-1fx66dlw.png Fig. 4 Comparison of serogroup 16 CPS biosynthetic gene loci and repeat unit structures with other 472 serotypes. (A) cps gene loci of S. pneumonia serogroup 16 and related serotypes; Red frames 473 highlight genes highly similar to 16F cps gene locus; (B) CPS repeat unit structures and 474 biosynthetic enzymes(red characters) that are responsible for corresponding structures indicted by 475 blue arrow; 476 https://scispace.com/papers/structural-behaviour-of-stud-shear-connections-in-composite-4ep3dusequ 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-push-out-tests-conducted-by-shen-and-chung-18-3-4-2cromwtl.png Figure 1: Push-out tests conducted by Shen and Chung [18] 3 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-standardized-load-slippage-curves-of-push-out-tests-3d1z72fp.png Figure 3: Standardized load-slippage curves of push-out tests 12 13 14 15 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-typical-concrete-conical-failure-in-shear-25jpmvxc.png Figure 2: Typical concrete conical failure in shear connections with composite slabs 7 8 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-distributions-of-damaged-concrete-in-various-models-1yx1i44g.png Figure 7 Distributions of damaged concrete in various models of shear connections 41 42 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-numerical-results-of-shear-connections-with-1nc4xog9.png Figure 11: Numerical results of shear connections with different arrangements 75 (Trough width bo at 110 mm with various cases of Positions C, F & Fr, and U & Ur) 76 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-configuration-parameter-b-129-130-vcwos4zb.png Table 4: Configuration parameter β 129 130 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-numerical-results-of-models-ss-and-sc-20-21-17bhfooq.png Figure 5: Numerical results of Models SS and SC 20 21 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measured-shear-resistances-and-ductility-limits-100-2hhmeaqo.png Table 1: Measured shear resistances and ductility limits 100 https://scispace.com/papers/structural-breaks-in-the-international-dynamics-of-inflation-16jz3g3bk6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-volatility-and-correlation-results-international-var-203wnkk5.png Table 5. Volatility and Correlation Results: International VAR https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-individual-coefficient-breaks-and-estimation-results-31f6kces.png Table 3. Individual Coefficient Breaks and Estimation Results: International VAR https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-individual-coefficient-breaks-and-estimation-results-2dq72kiw.png Table 4. Individual Coefficient Breaks and Estimation Results: Euro Area VAR https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-varying-var-models-k49vv0qg.png Figure 1. Time-Varying VAR Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-monte-carlo-analysis-of-iterative-break-testing-1sf1l8m5.png Table 1. Monte Carlo Analysis of Iterative Break Testing Procedure https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-volatility-and-correlation-results-euro-area-var-39t50v3a.png Table 6. Volatility and Correlation Results: Euro Area VAR https://scispace.com/papers/structural-brain-aging-and-speech-production-a-surface-based-3wqspsd2se 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-number-of-voxels-showing-significant-brain-behaviour-25ggaw5h.png Table 7. Number of voxels showing significant brain/behaviour correlation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-behavioural-results-a-response-duration-b-reaction-1vqw7no9.png Figure 1. Behavioural results. (A) Response duration, (B) reaction times and C: accuracy) displayed as a function of response complexity and age. Asterisks indicate significant differences. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-regions-showing-a-significant-age-difference-in-ct-2kr9lyj0.png Figure 2. Regions showing a significant age difference in CT (Young > Older, in blue), a significant relationship between age, performance and CT (shown in red), and the intersection of these two maps, that is, brain regions showing a main effect of age as well as a relationship between age and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-accuracy-effects-a-cortical-regions-shown-on-the-7kbmtkb4.png Figure 6. Accuracy effects. (A) Cortical regions (shown on the group average smoothed white matter folded surface) exhibiting an interaction between CT, accuracy and age. (B) Cortical regions exhibiting an interaction between CT, and complexity effects in accuracy. (C) Cortical regions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-rt-effects-a-cortical-regions-shown-on-the-group-2moi33sa.png Figure 5. RT effects. (A) Cortical regions (shown on the group average smoothed white matter folded surface) exhibiting a relationship between CT and RT. The scatter plot on the right end side of the figure illustrates this relationship in the left pCing. (B) Cortical regions exhibiting a relationship between CT, RT and age. The scatter plots illustrates this relationship in the right IFS https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-the-different-types-of-errors-1bxdtb2f.png Table 2. List of the different types of errors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-cortical-regions-shown-on-the-group-average-1sjt9cyg.png Figure 4. (A) Cortical regions (shown on the group average smoothed white matter folded surface) exhibiting a relationship between CT, and complexity effects in response duration. Note that positive values (right side) on the x-axis indicate that complex sequences were more difficult https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-age-differences-in-cortical-thickness-young-older-37fuovnm.png Table 3. Age differences in cortical thickness (Young > Older) Region Hemi x y z nodes Area t p https://scispace.com/papers/structural-break-models-under-mis-specification-implications-1bhma3qwjs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-residual-sum-of-squares-note-for-each-country-the-118qtnsc.png Figure 3: Residual Sum of Squares Note: For each country, the residual sum of squares are computed and plotted against a time point when this time point is used for a split point. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-one-period-ahead-pmses-from-different-forecasting-1sli6a4p.png Figure 4: One Period Ahead PMSEs from different Forecasting Methods: Empirical Study II Notes:1) These PMSEs are computed from one period ahead forecast errors as the estimation window increases by one. See Section 4.2.2 for more details; 2) The solid line is used for our method (AveLR), the short dashed line for Post break, a dotted line for a linear model without a break (FullW) and the dot-dash line for Averaging Window (AveW). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentage-improvement-of-each-averaging-method1-2oc17g37.png Table 3. Percentage improvement of each averaging method1) over Post break (No averaging): Testing3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-improvement-of-each-averaging-method1-1mm0m92a.png Table 2. Percentage improvement of each averaging method1) over Post break (No averaging): Non-testing3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-avelr-with-no-break-models1-2zpgwv2g.png Table 4. Comparison of AveLR with no break models1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-limit-distribution-of-the-rescaled-qlr-and-the-chi-1it9c1ug.png Figure 1: Limit distribution of the rescaled QLR and the Chi-squared distribution https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-asymptotic-critical-values-for-l-35369ds0.png Table 1. Asymptotic Critical Values for λ† https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-movements-of-real-gdp-growth-rate-and-yield-spread-10ik9i7p.png Figure 2: Movements of real GDP growth rate and yield spread For each country, 1) The solid line and the dotted line denote the real GDP growth rate and the yield spread respectively ; 2) the left vertical axis is for the real GDP growth rate time series and the right vetical axis for the yield spread; 3) Both time series are in percentage. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-change-de-industrialization-and-inflation-inertia-2lvhexc0dt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-share-of-total-employment-by-selected-aggregate-1uwibde1.png Figure 5 – Share of Total Employment – by selected aggregate sectors - Source: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) – Monthly Employment Survey – past methodology (IBGE/PME antiga). Obs.: sums may exceed 100% due to partial overlap between categories arbitrarily defined. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-manufacturing-vs-services-real-output-growth-1971-1qlihdrf.png Figure 1 – Manufacturing vs. Services - Real Output Growth (1971-2013). Source: IBGE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-real-exchange-rate-rer-vs-relative-prices-betwe-n-1y3cbz02.png Figure 4 - Real exchange rate (RER) vs. relative prices betwe n non-tradable and tradable goods (NT_T) – https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-headline-cpi-inflation-trend-hp-filter-smoothing-1u2zk96l.png Figure 7 – Headline CPI Inflation trend (HP filter, smoothing factor 14400), State-supervised prices and https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inflation-targeting-regime-performance-1999-2013-1vzcbkhe.png Table 1 – Inflation Targeting Regime Performance – 1999-2013 – various indicators. *Volatility measures denote Monthly Index Standard Deviations within fiscal years. Source: Central Bank of Brazil. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-accumulated-change-in-real-average-earnings-sorted-1ivo6zsl.png Table 2 – Accumulated Change in Real Average Earnings, sorted by type of labor contract and by sector (private or public), https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-accumulated-inflation-from-july-1994-to-december-bdqp3j04.png Figure 6 – Accumulated Inflation from July 1994 to December 2013 – sorted by different categories: Headline CPI Inflation (IPCA), Nondurable, Semi-durable, Durable Goods, Servic s, Non-Supervised vs. State-Supervised Prices and Components of State-Supervised Price Index (dark blue bars on the right hand side of the chart). Source: Central Bank of Brazil. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-change-in-developing-countries-has-it-decreased-4wt6et3h0k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-gender-regression-1977-dot-g-bj9z6i2r.png Table 11: Gender Regression (1977 DOT): γ̂ https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-5-pooled-wage-regression-india-1977-dot-tljfc9r9.png Table C.5: Pooled Wage Regression India (1977 DOT) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-pooled-mincer-wage-regression-1977-dot-b-q004jxmh.png Table 6: Pooled Mincer Wage Regression (1977 DOT): β̂ https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-industry-ordinal-sorting-and-cardinal-scales-for-pmclzx5v.png Table 4: Industry Ordinal Sorting and Cardinal Scales for Brain https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-industry-ordinal-sorting-and-cardinal-scales-for-1i66ao4j.png Table 5: Industry Ordinal Sorting and Cardinal Scales for Brawn https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-labor-force-participation-percentage-points-6znggbvh.png Table 1: Labor Force Participation (Percentage Points) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-wage-gap-female-to-male-wages-percentage-points-1i8v5inr.png Table 2: Wage Gap (Female-to-Male Wages; Percentage Points) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-factor-composition-1keb9kli.png Table 3: Factor Composition https://scispace.com/papers/structural-changes-and-thermal-stability-of-charged-4omcitosz4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-illustration-of-phase-transition-and-the-1ige0jds.png Figure 4. Schematic illustration of phase transition and the possible TM cation migration path in the charged NMC cathode materials during thermal decomposition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-illustration-depicting-the-phase-2m3g64av.png Figure 3. Schematic illustration depicting the phase stability map of the charged NMC cathode materials during heating. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-contour-plots-of-the-tr-xrd-patterns-at-the-1e9n69jd.png Figure 1. Contour plots of the TR-XRD patterns at the selected 2θ range for the charged (a) NMC433, (b) NMC532, (c) NMC622, and (d) NMC811. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mass-spectroscopy-profiles-for-the-oxygen-o2-m-z-32-1fpo0bns.png Figure 2. Mass spectroscopy profiles for the oxygen (O2, m/z = 32) collected simultaneously during measurement of TR-XRD and the corresponding temperature region of the phase transitions for NMC samples (lower panel). https://scispace.com/papers/structural-characteristics-and-proton-conductivity-of-the-14j0ucospl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-microscopic-analysis-of-aol-gel-before-and-after-37eoi2yf.png Figure 2 Microscopic analysis of AoL gel before and after digestion with proteinase K. A, B) AoL gel from H. colliei was diluted 1/20 in water, dropped on a freshly cleaved mica sheet, air dried and imaged with AFM. Globular structures were observed widespread across the surface (A) and close examination revealed rope-like objects winding in-between the globules (B). Inset in (A) shows organized packing of globules. C, D) Pellet resulting from ultracentrifugation of AoL gel was dragged across a freshly cleaved piece of mica then imaged with SEM. Images show same sample (in slightly different fields) at lower (C) and higher (D) magnification. The majority of the surface was covered in a mat of material, which at higher magnification, appeared to be composed of globules comparable in size to those observed with AFM. E) Image showing a fresh aliquot of H. colliei AoL gel (top) above a drop of proteinase K-treated H. colliei gel (bottom) demonstrating the reduction in material stiffness following protein digestion. F) AFM image showing a sample of H. colliei gel that had been digested with proteinase K, diluted 1/20 in water and dropped onto a freshly cleaved mica sheet to ambiently dry. We observed globules spread across the mica surface and like those globules observed in the nondigested gel samples. G) AFM image showing a sample of H. colliei gel that had been digested with proteinase K, dialyzed with 12-14 KDa tubing, then dropped and ambiently dried on freshly cleaved mica. Despite the definite reduction in protein material as evidenced by SDS PAGE (Supplemental Figure 4), aggregating globules were still clearly observed. H) AFM image showing whisker-like crystalline structures resulting from sonication of the same sample of proteinase K-digested AoL gel that is shown in (G). Scale bars – A, B, D, F-G: 500 nm; C: 2 𝜇𝜇m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-anatomy-of-ampullae-of-lorenzini-aol-a-an-image-fatyi6gw.png Figure 1 Anatomy of Ampullae of Lorenzini (AoL). A) An image showing a type of chimaera called a spotted ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei). Yellow arrowheads delineate the locations of some AoL pores. Image taken by Mick Otten. B) A diagram showing three AoL below the skin surface. Pores lead into canals filled with a gel (as made visible by the cutaway). Neurons (yellow) synapse with specialized electrosensory cells in the alveoli and project onto the hindbrain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-proton-conductivity-of-h-colliei-aol-gel-before-and-15wxhfld.png Figure 4 Proton conductivity of H. colliei AoL gel before and after proteinase K digestion. A) Two-terminal device used for EIS measurement. B) Nyquist plots of native AoL gel (blue) and digested AoL gel (black) at 90% relative humidity. C) Equivalent circuit model. A Constant Phase Element (CPE) was used to describe the non-ideal interface capacitance; Rb and Cb represent the resistance and capacitance of the sample, respectively. D, E) Nyquist plots of native H. colliei AoL gel (D) and proteinase K-digested H. colliei AoL gel (E) in the presence of H2O vapor (black) and D2O vapor (red). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-native-h-colliei-aol-gel-and-ilu6gfo9.png Figure 3 Comparison of native H. colliei AoL gel and proteinase K-digested AoL gel using SAXS. Scattering intensity is plotted as a function of the scattering vector, 𝑞𝑞. A, B) SAXS data using material resulting from ultracentrifugation of untreated AoL gel (A) and proteinase K digested AoL gel (B). C) Comparison of SAXS data from native gel pellet and the digested gel’s light cloudy material. Both plots are shown with water background subtracted. The purple line indicates a slope of -2 as a guide to the eye. D) Hypothetical model of AoL gel structure based on microscopy and SAXS. Globules observed with SEM and AFM are depicted in orange. Polysaccharide polymers (blue) are packed into rough spherical shapes that are held in close association by proteins (represented by black coils) when gel is in its native state (top). Digestion with proteinase K breaks up the majority of these proteins (bottom) which leads to fluidization of the gel. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-changes-of-gluten-glycerol-plastics-under-dry-and-liwa0j8w61 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stress-vs-strain-of-ah5-and-u15-left-panel-and-the-2dehdpjv.png Figure 4. Stress vs. strain of AH5 and U15 (left panel) and the corresponding 2D SAXS patterns at the marked positions (right panel). The red triangles in the bottom row mark the parallel-cut and perpendicular-cut integration area for further analyses in Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-waxs-of-pristine-wg-with-a-ah-and-b-urea-at-3vq6vqc2.png Figure 1. WAXS of pristine WG with (a) AH and (b) urea at different relative humidities as a function of the length of the reciprocal lattice vector (q). The vertical lines mark the features d1 and d2 related to WG, and a feature due to water, dwater. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dsc-diagram-of-ah5-and-u15-obtained-in-temperature-1lvll8h4.png Figure 2. DSC diagram of AH5 and U15 obtained in temperature ramping cycles: cooling path from room temperature to -50 oC and heating path from -50 oC to 150 oC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-shows-the-moisture-content-of-samples-stored-at-23yud03n.png Table 1. shows the moisture content of samples stored at different RHs. Moisture content in the dry samples conditioned at RH0 is zero. The samples exposed to RH50 contain around 10 % moisture content. A dramatic increase of moisture content was found for the samples conditioned at RH100 by more than 50%. Nevertheless, the moisture uptake was essentially independent of the AH and urea contents, with the exception of the greater water uptake with higher urea content at RH 100. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cyclic-tensile-tests-on-ah5-a-and-u15-b-at-rh0-rh50-2tp5witt.png Figure 6. Cyclic tensile tests on AH5 (a) and U15 (b) at RH0, RH50 and RH100. (c) and (d) are the strain corresponds to the zero stress (εx) as a function of that maximum strain of each cycle; the relative modulus of AH5 (e) and U15 (f) are extracted from the initial rising slope at each cycle and are plotted against the maximum strain of each cycle. The status of zero maximum strain at each cycle is defined as the first rising stretching from 0 to 2% strain. The corresponding εx at zero maximum strain at each cycle is zero and the modulus at zero maximum strain is also extracted from the first rising slope. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-kratky-plot-of-the-saxs-data-x-2-parallel-and-20rqv53o.png Figure 5. Kratky plot of the SAXS data (𝐼𝐼 × 𝑞𝑞2 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣. 𝑞𝑞) parallel and perpendicular to the strain direction during the tensile test. The integration areas along the two directions in each case are marked in Figure 4. The colors of the curve marks the strain relative to the strain immediately before the sample broke: black (0%), red (33%). green (66%) and blue (~ 100%). The arrows in (b) mark the additional feature developed at high moisture content. To further distinguish the elastic and non-elastic contribution to the mechanical deformation of the WG material, we choose again AH5 and U15 to carry out cyclic tensile tests. Figure 6a and b show the cyclic tensile curves for AH5 and U15, respectively. The clear hysteresis is observable between the loading and unloading parts, which originate from energy losses in the materials during the cyclic loading. In each cycle, the materials were unloaded till zero stress after the target strain was reached. The strain corresponds to the zero stress (εx) is plotted as a function of the increasing maximum strain in each cycle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-kratky-plot-x-2-of-saxs-data-on-pristine-wg-with-a-3d8vjtqk.png Figure 3. Kratky plot (𝐼𝐼 × 𝑞𝑞2 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣. 𝑞𝑞) of SAXS data on pristine WG with (a) AH and (b) urea at different https://scispace.com/papers/structural-coloration-in-caloenas-nicobarica-pigeons-and-lfvzi5x8vk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-nicobar-pigeon-b-the-bright-field-bf-and-dark-1k4ygz6f.png Figure 1. The Nicobar pigeon. (b) The bright-field (BF) and dark-field (DF) microscopic images of a red-green (RG) feather showing the color shift from red (i) to green (ii), respectively. (c) The BF and DF microscopic images of a green-blue (GB) feather showing the color shift from green (i) to blue (ii), respectively. (d, e) BF and DF microscopic images were taken at different locations from the bottom of a GB feather showing no optical effects. No optical effects were observed in all kinds of feathers when viewed from the bottom. (f, g) Photographic images taken from the top of an RG and GB feather. (h) Photographic images https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-angle-dependent-characterization-of-the-feathers-a-eax6p1ff.png Figure 4. Angle-dependent characterization of the feathers. (a) Schematic of two-source illumination of the feathers using two interchangeable light sources: a diffused incandescent tungsten lamp and a collimated broadband light to observe two colors at same viewing angle simultaneously. (b, c) Photographs of RG and GB feathers taken from two different angles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mechanism-of-structural-coloration-in-nicobar-q8195czy.png Figure 5. Mechanism of structural coloration in Nicobar pigeon feathers. (a-f) Microscopic images of predominant RG feather showing a range of colors spanning whole visible spectrum at some selected locations of the feather, where each segment possessed different colors. (g-l) Microscopic images of GB feather showing two dominant colors. In a single GB feather, angle resolution was the clearest, where tilt in the feather resulted in two different https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-refractive-index-sensing-with-nicobar-pigeons-2svkd08l.png Figure 7. Refractive index sensing with Nicobar pigeon’s feather. (a) Measurement of glucose concentrations from 0 to 200 mM. (b) Spectral shift with increasing glucose concentration. (c) Variation of the refractive index with increasing glucose concentration. (d) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optical-spectra-of-a-rg-and-b-gb-feathers-at-2nhqn0dg.png Figure 2. Optical spectra of (a) RG and (b) GB feathers at different locations, while feathers are illuminated at 0° and 45°, respectively. (c, d) The illumination angle at 0° and 45° shifted the spectra from red to green and green to blue for RG and GB feather, respectively. CIE images indicating the visible shift of colors upon switching the incidence angle from 0° to 45° at different equidistant locations on RG and GB feathers, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optical-characterization-of-the-feathers-a-2q7n6pft.png Figure 3. Optical characterization of the feathers. (a) Schematic for rotational measurement setup. (b, c) Variation in optical intensities at θ = 0° and 45°, while Φ was rotated through 0° to 90°. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-contact-angle-measurements-on-a-feather-of-nicobar-29nomfnp.png Figure 6. Contact angle measurements on a feather of Nicobar pigeon. (a) A water droplet (1 μl) having a contact angle of 156° at the vane of the feather. (b) Feather holds the water droplet when rotated such that gravity pulls the droplet opposite to the direction of growth of https://scispace.com/papers/structural-characterization-of-the-electric-field-induced-1j7w86wrfn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-changes-in-a-p-e-loops-and-b-polarisation-values-26ubqugc.png Figure 1. Changes in (a) P-E loops and (b) polarisation values obtained for NBT-0.03KN ceramics after cycling under an AC electric field. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sem-image-of-a-nbt-0-03kn-ceramic-cross-section-b-2op75sfq.png Figure 2. SEM image of (a) NBT-0.03KN ceramic cross section (b) NBT-0.09KN ceramic cross section (c) NBT-0.03KN crushed ceramic powder (d) NBT-0.09KN crushed ceramic powder https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-between-unpoled-and-poled-states-for-nbt-xrebwywl.png Figure 7. Comparison between unpoled and poled states for NBT-xKN powders (a) lattice parameter, apc, and (b) interaxial angle, pc, for pseudo-cubic unit cell. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sxpd-patterns-of-both-unpoled-and-poled-nbt-0-03kn-1jus2qwo.png Figure 3. SXPD patterns of both unpoled and poled NBT-0.03KN powders obtained from crushed ceramic pellets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-room-temperature-sxpd-patterns-for-a-unpoled-and-20gguhnr.png Figure 6. (a) Room-temperature SXPD patterns for (a) unpoled and (b) poled NBT-0.03KN ceramic powders. The symbols are experimental data, while the red line is the calculated pattern from Rietveld refinement using the rhombohedral R3c space group and the green line is the difference between the experimental and calculated patterns. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-selected-regions-of-sxpd-patterns-illustrating-111-7ijxlxym.png Figure 5. Selected regions of SXPD patterns illustrating {111}p, {200}p, {211}p and {220}p peaks of (a) unpoled ceramic powders and (b) poled ceramic powders for NBT-xKN solid solutions. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-characterization-of-complexes-prepared-with-5fqaz46gky 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-afm-images-of-nms-3-gms-scan-size-2-0-m-x-2-0-m-a-3f1ng1wi.png Fig. 4. AFM Images of NMS-3%GMS (scan size 2.0 m × 2.0 m): (A) Relief images in 3D, (B) phase image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-images-of-wms-gms-samples-observed-via-sem-a-wms-1-gms-3im7wnjg.png Fig. 5. Images of WMS-GMS samples observed via: SEM: (A) WMS-1%GMS, (B) WMS-2%GMS, (C) WMS-3%GMS; AFM: Relief images in 3D: (D) WMS-1%GMS (scan size: 2 MS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-x-ray-pattern-of-the-gms-and-x-ray-pattern-and-pb58us9f.png Fig. 1. X- ray pattern of the GMS, and X-ray pattern and relative crystallinity (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-roughness-height-and-diameter-of-the-inclusion-1pvuvsw1.png Table 1 Roughness, height, and diameter of the inclusion complexes prepared with different GMS concentrations and starches with different amylose contents. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-characterization-of-hgte-cdte-superlattices-53jhgofi59 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rocking-curves-for-a-hgte-cdte-superlattice-on-100-3cs2hj5h.png Fig. 4. Rocking curves for a HgTe/CdTe superlattice on (100) CdTe. The dashed curves are experimental data; the solid curves are calculated. In (a) the curve is calculated for a periodic structure with abrupt interfaces. In (b) the calculation includes a narrow strained region in the CdTe substrate, and 10% variations in the thicknesses of the HgTe and CdTe layers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-showing-the-atomic-planes-for-a-scvrkgbh.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram showing the atomic planes for a particular Bragg reflection near the interface between a single-crystal substrate, and an epitaxial layer. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-control-in-weighted-voting-games-2rmp86s488 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-complexity-results-of-control-problems-1vbr4cjt.png Table 1 Overview of complexity results of control problems in weighted voting games with respect to the Shapley–Shubik and the probabilistic Penrose–Banzhaf index. Key: k is the number of players to be added or deleted, respectively; PI stands for power index (either SS or PB); SS (respectively, PB) indicates that these results are only known to hold for the Shapley–Shubik index (respectively, for the probabilistic Penrose–Banzhaf index); the other results each hold for both indices. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-power-distribution-in-the-games-of-example-6-1ty8ht7i.png Table 2 Power distribution in the games of Example 6. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-control-magmatic-hydrothermal-evolution-and-2wpfcxj52f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-block-diagram-summarizing-the-geometry-and-the-vfu9wv6l.png Fig. 16. Block diagram summarizing the geometry and the distribution of the different structural features and any type of veins observed in the Thaghassa deposit, north of the Ikniwn granodiorite. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-interpretative-schema-illustrating-the-continuous-and-1m4f9zd0.png Fig. 17. Interpretative schema illustrating the continuous and progressive model of vein formation since the aplo-pegmatite stage (a), intermediate veins (b), and striped foliation quartz veins (c). Note that all stages are controlled by an ESE-WNW shortening direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-regional-tectono-magmatic-evolution-of-the-thaghassa-uph5iuxp.png Fig. 18. Regional tectono-magmatic evolution of the Thaghassa area illustrating the link between structures, vein formation, and granite emplacement. (a) The first event is related to the earlier granodiorite emplacement and formation of the south-verging character. (b) Leucocratic segregation, aplite sill emplacement, and subsequent formation of striped foliation veins are coeval with a general dextral-normal shearing. (c) Late tectono-volcanic event and volcanic dyke injection. X, Y and Z are the three strain axes. Z is parallel to the shortening direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-macrostructures-illustrating-the-gold-bearing-quartz-28c7t6n9.png Fig. 8. Macrostructures illustrating the gold-bearing quartz vein stage. (a) Allure of the striped foliation vein parallel to the foliation. (b) Close-up view of the cross-cutting relationships between aplo-pegmatite sills and striped quartz veins. There, the aplo-pegmatite sill is clearly hosting the hydrothermal vein. Note the pull-apart geometry describing dextral strike-slip faulting. (c) Internal layering texture usually parallel to the foliation and thus defining the striped foliation vein structure. (d) Relationship between E-W striped quartz veins and related N120-150°E tension gashes. Vein system is hosted by outer hornfelsed schists. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-chemical-characteristics-of-muscovites-a-diagram-1uakjwp5.png Fig. 10. Chemical characteristics of muscovites. (a) Diagram illustrating the ideal dioctahedral substitutions of the Thaghassa muscovites after Guidotti (1984). (b) Application of the Monier and Robert (1986) thermometer on the magmatic - hydrothermal muscovites of the studied area. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-microtextural-characteristics-of-striped-quartz-veins-3ojtr59e.png Fig. 9. Microtextural characteristics of striped quartz veins. (a) Internal texture of striped foliation vein. Elongate quartz grains are oblique with respect to vein walls and inclusions bands, cross polarized light microscopy. (b) Inclusions bands parallel to vein wall within striped foliation veins. Note that inclusion bands are parallel to the vein direction, wavy, and affected by stylolite plans, plane polarized light microscopy. (c) Inclusion bands characterized by foliation particles – altered muscovites (Ms1) from host-rock fragments - and neo-formed radial sericite, cross polarized light microscopy. (d-f) Recrystallization process associated with the ongoing and progressive deformation. Thin recrystallized fissures and clear zone are highlighted by arrows (d), and zones invaded by micro-grains showing dextral shear zone (e and f) affect the large quartz grains, cross polarized light microscopy. (g) General features of N040-050°E striped veins. Note the lower angle (<< 45°) between elongated grain and vein wall and the more elongated quartz grains, cross polarized light microscopy. (h) Zoned comb quartz grains describing geodic infilling within tension-gashes. White arrows show quartz <c> axis that are normal to the microphotography, cross polarized light microscopy. Abbreviations of Whitney and Evans, (2010). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-location-of-the-anti-atlas-belt-at-the-northern-17t85iua.png Fig. 1. (a) Location of the Anti-Atlas belt at the northern limit of the West African Craton, modified after Milési et al., (2004). (b) Main geological units of the Moroccan Anti-Atlas, modified from Hollard et al. (1985); Thomas et al. (2004); Walsh et al. (2012) and Ikenne et al. (2017). Inliers - BD: Bas Drâa; If: Ifni; K: Kerdous; TA: Tagragra d’Akka; Im: Igherm; TT: Tagragra de Tata; https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-stereographic-projection-schmidts-lower-hemisphere-3dqqyjby.png Fig. 4. Stereographic projection (Schmidt’s lower hemisphere equal-area projection) of (a): foliation planes, (b): stretching lineation, (c): quartzo-feldspathic, aplite, and pegmatite sills and tension gashes, and (d): intermediate and striped quartz veins and related tension gashes. Planes are represented by their respective poles. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-criteria-for-the-mode-of-bonding-of-274qk3njr6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iia-gas-phase-electron-diffraction-data-2e2i7tlh.png Table IIa. Gas phase electron diffraction data https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-crystal-and-molecular-data-for-cot-3f4kl48v.png Table I. Summary of crystal and molecular data for COT complexes https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-single-crystal-x-ray-data-for-tris-18vxgn63.png Table V. Single crystal x-ray data for tris(hexamethyldisilylamido) compounds https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-single-crystal-x-ray-data-for-cot-complexes-28oapzhu.png Table IV. Single crystal x-ray data for COT complexes https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-single-crystal-x-ray-diffraction-data-4kvtkjbz.png Table III. Single crystal x-ray diffraction data https://scispace.com/figures/table-iib-single-crystal-x-ray-data-37agqggq.png Table IIa. Gas phase electron diffraction data https://scispace.com/papers/structural-dynamics-modeling-of-hirenasd-in-support-of-the-4tphewca3a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-wind-tunnel-model-showing-strain-gauges-internal-5vgf9ujc.png Figure 8. Wind-tunnel model showing strain gauges, internal wiring and pressure transducers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-complete-fem-of-hirenasd-including-mounting-27g9f7lu.png Figure 7. Complete FEM of HIRENASD including mounting structure and excitation system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-modal-frequencies-for-different-fem-s-compared-with-2yohc0n8.png Table 1. Modal frequencies for different FEM's compared with experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-node-line-of-final-modified-fem-jg3ur847.png Figure 24. Node line of final modified FEM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-35-comparison-of-modeshape-interpolation-using-9-1mruu6iq.png Figure 35. Comparison of modeshape interpolation using 9 locations with output from entire FEM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-fem-model-with-instrumentation-wiring-included-1ngxo16w.png Figure 9. FEM Model with instrumentation wiring included. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-issues-with-projection-of-the-grids-to-the-iges-272l6fwo.png Figure 14. Issues with projection of the grids to the IGES OML. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-comparison-of-wing-twist-17gi6ybp.png Figure 21. Comparison of Wing Twist. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-effects-of-sc-doping-on-the-multiferroic-tbmno-3-64hn1l3p5o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-fit-results-for-tb-o-distances-a-from-structural-ubs8njff.png TABLE IV. Fit results for Tb-O distances Å from structural analysis of the first and second coordination shells at the Tb L3 edge. 2 represent Debye-Waller factor Å2 . S0 2=1 and E0 ranges from 5.8 to 3.5 eV 2.7 eV . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-evolution-of-mn-o-distances-along-the-3rvdyyg8.png FIG. 6. Color online Evolution of Mn-O distances along the series open symbols obtained from EXAFS analysis. The B-O distances calculated by weighted average of the previous Mn-O distances and Sc-O distances dotted line are compared to the experimental B-O bond lengths obtained from neutron-diffraction refinements closed symbols . https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-fit-results-for-mn-o-distances-a-from-structural-euj2wgni.png TABLE III. Fit results for Mn-O distances Å , from structural analysis of the first and second coordination shells at the Mn K edge. 2 represent Debye-Waller factor Å2 . S0 2=0.84 and E0 ranges from −3.1 to −1.1 eV 1.7 eV . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-rietveld-refinements-of-tbmn0-9sc0-1o3-3jh1ow0v.png FIG. 1. Color online Rietveld refinements of TbMn0.9Sc0.1O3 using a x-ray diffraction at room temperature and b neutrondiffraction pattern at 50 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-left-graph-fourier-transform-of-the-3u4cfjpg.png FIG. 7. Color online Left graph: Fourier transform of the experimental k k signals at the Tb L3 edge. Inset: EXAFS spectra k weighted at the Tb L3 edge of TbMn0.9Sc0.1O3 sample. Right graph: modulus and imaginary part of the experimental Fourier transforms black holes together with its fit red lines for samples x=0.1, 0.5, and 0.9 at the Tb L3 edge. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-left-graph-evolution-of-tb-o-distances-29600cta.png FIG. 8. Color online Left graph: evolution of Tb-O distances along the series, resulting from the analysis of Tb L3 edge EXAFS. Right graph: the same evolution but obtained from neutron-diffraction data refinement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-neutron-diffraction-patterns-for-tbmn0-ql0lbdge.png FIG. 3. Color online a Neutron-diffraction patterns for TbMn0.9Sc0.1O3 at selected temperatures. Magnetic and nuclear contributions are indicated by arrows. b Temperature evolution of the propagating vector kMn= 0,qb ,0 for TbMn0.9Sc0.1O3. The data were collected on heating. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-upper-panel-evolution-of-the-lattice-2sn1vdem.png FIG. 2. Color online Upper panel: evolution of the lattice parameters with the composition at room temperature open symbols and at 50 K black symbols . Lower panel: evolution of the B-O-B bond angles along the series at 50 K. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-electronic-vibrational-and-topological-analysis-141pffwaih 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-energy-strain-es-ev-atom-and-band-gap-energy-egap-ev-3ectfxi8.png Table 2. Energy Strain (Es; eV/Atom) and Band Gap Energy (Egap; eV) for Nanotubes, Bulk, and (0001) Monolayer Surface https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-energy-strain-and-energy-gap-as-functions-of-the-2t4ahsu2.png Figure 2. Energy strain and energy gap as functions of the nanotube diameter: (a) armchair; (b) zigzag. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-band-structure-and-density-of-states-of-armchair-28h3b9ww.png Figure 3. Band structure and density of states of armchair nanotubes: (a, b) (6,6); (c, d) (12,12); (e, f) (24,24). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-band-structure-and-density-of-states-of-zigzag-207a3a67.png Figure 4. Band structure and density of states of zigzag nanotubes: (a, b) (6,0); (c, d) (12,0); (e, f) (24,0). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-figure-of-the-single-walled-nanotube-3mg530ny.png Figure 1. Schematic figure of the single-walled nanotube construction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-several-properties-electron-charge-density-its-7hn0z0ap.png Table 3. Several Properties (Electron Charge Density, Its Laplacian, the V/G Ratio, and the Bond Degree H/ρ(r), and Ellipticity, All in Atomic Units) Computed at the Zn−O Bond Critical Point in Different Structures at the B3LYP Levela https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-laplacian-of-the-electron-density-in-the-plane-2k3b2701.png Figure 5. Laplacian of the electron density in the plane containing the oxygen atoms evaluated at the B3LYP level. (a) ZnO monolayer, (b) armchair (24,24), (c) (4,4) and (d) zigzag (24,0), (e) (4,0). A logarithmic scale is adopted between −8.0 and 8.0 au. Continuous red and dotted blue lines indicate positive and negative contour levels, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bond-length-zn-o-a-and-bond-angle-zn-o-zn-deg-of-2djfggbp.png Table 1. Bond Length (Zn−O; Å) and Bond Angle (Zn−O−Zn; deg) of Armchair and Zigzag Nanotubes https://scispace.com/papers/structural-evidence-that-the-methionyl-aminopeptidase-from-3tmqzuuurv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-x-ray-absorption-k-edge-spectra-for-ecmetap-a-co-ii-1moe95qf.png Figure 1 X-ray absorption K-edge spectra for EcMetAP: (a) [Co(II)Co(II)(EcMetAP)] (solid) and [Co(II)_(EcMetAP)] (dotted); (b) [Fe(II)Fe(II)(EcMetAP)] (solid) and [Fe(II)_(EcMetAP)] (dotted). In the inset, the preedge 1s → 3d transition is expanded. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-k3-weighted-co-exafs-top-and-fourier-transforms-341cta0l.png Figure 2 k3-weighted Co EXAFS (top) and Fourier transforms (bottom, over k = 2−12 Å-1) for [Co(II)Co(II)(EcMetAP)] (a; solid) and the calculated spectra for Co−(O,N)5(imid) (dotted; fit 11, Table 2) and [Co(II)_(EcMetAP)] (b; solid) and the calculated spectra for Co−(O,N)5(imid) (dotted; fit 5, Table 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-k3-weighted-co-exafs-top-and-fourier-transforms-2fqazis4.png Figure 5 k3-weighted Co EXAFS (top) and Fourier transforms (bottom, over k = 2−12 Å-1) for [Co(II)Co(II)(EcMetAP)] plus fumagillin (solid) and the calculated spectra for Co−O6 (dotted; fit 3, Table 4). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-curve-fitting-results-for-co-ecmetap-exafsa-2jz2yz5r.png Table 2: Curve-Fitting Results for Co EcMetAP EXAFSa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-k3-weighted-exafs-top-and-fourier-transforms-bottom-2qjyxibp.png Figure 4 k3-weighted EXAFS (top) and Fourier transforms (bottom, over k = 2−12 Å-1) for (a) [Co(III)Co(III)(EcMetAP)] (solid) and the calculated spectra for Co−O5 (dotted; fit 14, Table 2) and (b) [Fe(III)Fe(III)(EcMetAP)] and the calculated spectra for Fe−O5 (dotted; fit 11, Table 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-proposed-structure-of-the-mono-co-ii-or-mono-fe-ii-2t7hr3ll.png Figure 7 Proposed structure of the mono-Co(II) or mono-Fe(II) forms of EcMetAP in the presence of fumagillin. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-k3-weighted-fe-exafs-top-and-fourier-transforms-2cjxxcpi.png Figure 3 k3-weighted Fe EXAFS (top) and Fourier transforms (bottom, over k = 2−12 Å-1) for (a) [Fe(II)Fe(II)(EcMetAP)] (solid) and the calculated spectra for Fe-O5 (dotted; fit 7, Table 3) and (b) [Fe(II)_(EcMetAP)] (solid) and the calculated spectra for Fe−O5 (dotted; fit 2, Table 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-curve-fitting-results-for-fe-ecmetap-exafsa-3stdrykl.png Table 3: Curve-Fitting Results for Fe EcMetAP EXAFSa https://scispace.com/papers/structural-encoding-and-recognition-of-biological-motion-1je171gaz1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-loreta-analysis-for-n170-and-n300-6zyno7ci.png Table 2 Results of LORETA analysis for N170 and N300 contrasts showing Talairach space coordinates, probable Brodman areas (BA) in the range of 3 mm and levels of significance https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-peak-latencies-for-the-n170-component-and-the-3i4zxg4g.png Table 1 Peak latencies for the N170 component and the positive peak preceding the N300 component (means and S.E.M.s in ms) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-grand-averaged-erps-recorded-at-lateral-posterior-39j15y85.png Fig. 3. (A) Grand-averaged ERPs recorded at lateral posterior electrodes (left hemisphere: O1, PO7, P7 and TP7; right hemisphere: O2, PO8, P8 and TP8)in response to BM (solid lines), inverted BM (dotted lines) and scrambled motion (dashed lines). Arrows indicate mean peak latency of the N170 and the N300 component. (B) Difference waveforms obtained by subtracting ERP’s to scrambled motion from ERPs to BM (solid line) and by subtracting ERPs to scrambled motion from ERPs to inverted BM (dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-loreta-analysis-group-comparison-of-absolute-current-3msbyvuw.png Fig. 5. LORETA-analysis: group comparison of absolute current density values between the upright BM condition and the scrambled motion condition (BM-SCR) and between the inverted BM condition and the scrambled motion condition (IBM-SCR) in the time range 230–360 ms after stimulus onset (N300). Three percentP-value threshold. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-evolution-and-medium-range-order-in-permanently-3fxquokyk8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-lifetime-spectra-measured-at-16-kev-1zsqw1ap.png FIG. 1 (color online). (a) Lifetime spectra measured at 16 keV positron implantation energy in v-SiO2 samples with increasing density (from top to bottom). Spectra are normalized to the peak height. The instrumental time resolution function RðtÞ is also reported (solid black line), FWHM ¼ 261.9 ps. (b) Example of spectral deconvolution for the 6 GPa sample signal. The thick red line is the best fit to the data whereas black lines represent the three lifetime components. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-static-structure-factor-for-normal-zd53u8g2.png FIG. 3 (color online). (a) Static structure factor for normal silica and permanently densified samples. (b) Density evolution of the number distribution function NðrÞ; density increases from bottom to top [colors are as in the legend of (a)]. The bond lengths are marked by black arrows: rSiO ¼ 1.60 Å, rOO ¼ 2.5 Å, and rSiSi ¼ 3.07 Å [13,26]. (c) Comparison between the low-Q portion of the diffraction patterns of the permanently densified -v-SiO2 samples [density increases from left to right; colors as in the legend of (a)] and of the crystalline SiO2 polymorphs α-quartz (orange solid line) and α-cristobalite (brown thick solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-interstitial-void-volume-4-3-pr3-as-6vr3xska.png FIG. 2 (color online). Interstitial void volume 4 3 πR3 as obtained from PALS data. The dashed line is a linear fit to the data. The density-evolution of the intensities I2 (blue squares) and I3 (red circles) is reported in the inset; the dashed lines are guides for the eyes. The oPs formation in normal vitreous silica is about 56% of the implanted positrons, while another 18% forms pPs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-applied-pressure-density-and-densification-value-for-2tqbbmij.png TABLE I. Applied pressure, density, and densification value for the probed samples. The density was measured by the Archimedes method using ethanol as immersion fluid. Ei-averaged lifetimes τi and intensities Ii are also reported. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-fsdp-position-q1-as-obtained-by-means-of-3cume30h.png FIG. 4 (color online). FSDP position Q1 as obtained by means of XRD (blue open diamonds) and neutron diffraction from Ref. [26] (black open squares) compared to the positions calculated using the void-cluster model (red open circles). (a) Structure of ideal β-cristobalite [33], silicon, and oxygen atoms are represented as big (red) and small (blue) dots, respectively; the green diamond represents the center of the void space. (b) Density dependence of the Si-void center distance D for permanently densified v-SiO2 (red circles) and the geometrical distance D calculated for α and β-cristobalite (black diamonds). https://scispace.com/papers/structural-funds-and-european-regional-growth-comparison-of-2nkf3c9yye 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimation-of-the-growth-equation-for-the-subperiods-2wd6qb06.png Table 3 Estimation of the growth equation for the subperiods (Structural Funds as a % of GDP) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparative-studies-on-the-relevance-of-structural-dahi6r6u.png Table 1 Comparative studies on the relevance of Structural Funds for regional growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-of-the-growth-equation-for-the-subperiods-36be1pnk.png Table 2 Estimation of the growth equation for the subperiods (Structural Funds per capita) https://scispace.com/papers/structural-heterogeneity-or-asymmetric-shocks-poland-and-the-2jav32rczz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-variance-decomposition-consumption-8dwlaowa.png Table 4. Variance decomposition - consumption https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-variance-decomposition-real-wage-rate-2z6boyhj.png Table 6. Variance decomposition - real wage rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-variance-decomposition-investment-2eyki354.png Table 5. Variance decomposition - investment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-stochastic-disturbances-2sqmvhzd.png Figure 17. Stochastic disturbances https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-variance-decomposition-real-exchange-rate-j3p43lqw.png Table 7. Variance decomposition - real exchange rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-variance-decomposition-in-ation-2myclt27.png Table 8. Variance decomposition - in ation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-prior-and-posterior-densities-shocks-1i63h90i.png Figure 2. Prior and posterior densities - shocks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prior-and-posterior-densities-parameters-3ai6jr1h.png Figure 1. Prior and posterior densities - parameters https://scispace.com/papers/structural-inhomogeneity-and-anelastic-deformation-in-26oolyul08 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-variation-of-the-indentation-depth-hp-p05rtec3.png FIG. 3. Color online The variation of the indentation depth, hp, with the loading time, tL, at different indentation loads for the Zr-based MG. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-comparison-of-the-loading-curves-3gzox8g0.png FIG. 2. Color online The comparison of the loading curves obtained from the experiment and theory corresponding to the loading time of 0.03 s note that the Hertzian response corresponds to E=72.6 GPa . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-the-sketch-of-the-indentation-loading-2ymf0us8.png FIG. 1. Color online a The sketch of the indentation loading profile the insets: the sketch of the spherical nanoindenter and MG sample left and the three-parameter rheological model for MGs right , and b the indentation load-displacement curves which show anelastic deformation occurring at fast loading rates the quasistatic Hertzian response corresponds to a indenter tip radius of 5 m, a material’s Young’s modulus of 76 GPa and a Poisson’s ratio of 0.365 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-viscoelastic-properties-of-the-zr-based-mgs-35jjd21f.png TABLE I. The viscoelastic properties of the Zr-based MGs extracted by fitting the experimental data on Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-injury-underlying-mottling-in-ponderosa-pine-myd848n407 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-climate-diagram-summarizing-the-climatic-conditions-at-3lnwvv5l.png Fig. 1 Climate diagram summarizing the climatic conditions at Camp Paivikia during the 1961–2010 reference period (a) and in 2006 (b). Diagrams are plotted according to Walter and Lieth (1967). Between 0 and 100 mm precipitation monthly, 20 mm on the right ordinate is equal 10 C of average temperature on the left ordinate. Above 100 mm (dashed line), precipitation is plotted using a scale 5 times larger. The dry and moist seasons are outlined with a dotted line and dashed/solid area, respectively. Mean yearly temperature and precipitation: 13.04 C and 926 mm between 1961 and 2010 (a), 13.03 C and 717 mm in 2006 (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-macro-a-c-and-micromorphological-d-e-characteristics-100760b5.png Fig. 4 Macro-(a–c) and micromorphological (d, e) characteristics of the mottling symptoms observed at Camp Paivikia in 2006. a, b Lightgreen diffuse mottling in C needles; symptoms were found on the light exposed side of needles and were centered on stomata. c: Brownish mottling in C ? 1 needles; symptoms were larger than the diffuse symptoms and showed an irregular contour. d, e Needle serial cross-sections through mottling symptoms. Structural injury (circle) was found in outer mesophyll (M) cells whereas veins (V) showed no injury. In C needles (d), injury was restricted to a small group of cells adjacent to stomata. In C ? 1 needles (e), an extended portion of outer mesophyll was injured https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-seasonal-changes-monthly-mean-minimum-and-maximum-1b3b4u8r.png Fig. 3 Seasonal changes (monthly mean, minimum and maximum values) in O3 concentrations at the Crestline air monitoring station in 2006 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-maximum-8-h-o3-concentrations-throughout-southern-1mfse3vv.png Fig. 2 Maximum 8-h O3 concentrations throughout southern California in 2006 https://scispace.com/papers/structural-insight-into-outer-membrane-asymmetry-maintenance-5561xh4ufz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mlafedb-recognition-of-pe-a-cross-sectional-view-of-2vj2llbi.png Figure 3. MlaFEDB recognition of PE. (A) Cross-sectional view of the cryo-EM map of PL-bound MlaFEDB. The density for PL is in pink in the cavity of the transporter. (B) Cross-sectional view of the cryo-EM map of PL-bound MlaFEDB rotated 90° along y axis relative to A. (C) Slab view of the TM segments of the MlaFEDB from the top. The dimeric MlaE form the PE binding cavity, and the six TM segments of MlaD surrounded MlaE. The colour scheme of MlaFEDB is the same as Figure 2A. (D) Cavity residues interacting with the bound PE. (E and F) FRET assays measuring PL transport for anterograde (E) and retrograde (F) directions in response to mutation of PE binding residues on MlaE. Single MlaE mutant Y81E abolishes anterograde transport while Y81E and E98R abolish the retrograde PL transport. Representative data of n≥3 experiments. (G) Cell based assays of MlaE’s PL bound residue mutants using the MlaE knockout strain. The assays were carried on LB plate without (left) or with 120 μg ml−1 chlorpromazine (right). (H) Anterograde PL transport assay using apo-MlaFE(Y81E)DB or apo-MlaFE(E98R)DB constituted IM proteoliposomes and apo-MlaC in the absence of ATP. PL transported to MlaC was resolved by TLC. MlaFE(Y81E)DB reduced while MlaFE(E98R)DB increased the anterograde transport comparing to MlaFEDB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pl-transport-between-the-om-and-im-proteoliposomes-1pjqmq95.png Figure 1. PL transport between the OM and IM proteoliposomes by the Mla pathway. (A) A scheme of the Mla pathway showing transport of PL between the OM and the IM involving the IM complex MlaFEDB, periplasmic protein MlaC and OM complex MlaA/OmpF. (B) Schematic diagram of the FRET based PL transport assay showing the anterograde (left) and retrograde (right) transport of PL. MlaFEDB or MlaA/OmpF complex was reconstituted into the donor or acceptor liposomes. The donor liposomes were constructed using E. coli polar lipid extract, nitrobenzoxadiazole (NB) labelled PE and rhodamine (Rhod) labelled PE. The acceptor liposomes were constructed using unlabeled 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC). NB emits at 530nm (shown as orange) and Rhod emits at 590nm (shown as pink). (C) PL transport assay using unlabelled IM and OM proteoliposomes and MlaC in the presence of absence of ATP and MgCl2. All proteins used in the assay were in apo states. PL transported to MlaC were detected by TLC for retrograde and anterograde transport. PLs transported from OM proteoliposomes were more potent than from IM proteoliposomes. (D) SDS-PAGE of the proteins used for the assay in Figure C. (E and F) PL transport assay using fluorescent PE mixed donor and POPC acceptor proteoliposomes for FRET measurement of the NB signal at 530nm for anterograde (E) and retrograde (F) directions in the presence of 1mM ATP and 2mM MgCl2. The retrograde transport shows a higher FRET signal than the anterograde and is dependent on the composition of the IM proteoliposomes. Representative data of n≥3 experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-structural-and-functional-characterization-of-mlad-3actop11.png Figure 4. Structural and functional characterization of MlaD. (A) Periplasmic view of MlaFEDB showing the bound PE. (B) The periplasmic central channel of the hexameric MlaD showing the hydrophobic residues L143, I147 and F150 facing inside the channel, and Y152 on the top of the channel. (C and D) FRET assays measuring PL transport in anterograde (C) and retrograde (D) directions in response to mutations of central channel residues. Mutants L143D, I147D and Y152D abolished PL transport, and mutant F150D impaired PL transport. Representative data of n≥3 experiments. (E and F) Cell based assay of MlaD variants using the MlaD deletion strain. The assays were performed on LB plate without (E) or with (F) 120 μg ml-1 mM chlorpromazine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-structural-and-functional-characterization-of-mlaf-174jsoto.png Figure 5. Structural and functional characterization of MlaF. (A and B) ADP (A) or AMP-PNP (B) and Mg2+ ions binding residues in the catalytic site of one MlaF subunit and the signature motif of the other MlaF subunit containing conserved residues E144, S146 and R151. (C and D) FRET assays measuring PL transport in anterograde (C) and retrograde (D) directions in response to mutations of MlaF signature motif residues. Representative data of n≥3 experiments. (E and F) Cell based assays of MlaF mutants of signature residues using the MlaF deletion strain. The assays were performed on LB without (E) or with 120 μg ml−1 mM chlorpromazine (F). (G) A scheme of a proposed mechanism of the Mla pathway showing MlaE (green), MlaF (pink), MlaB (yellow), MlaD (blue), MlaC (light blue), PL (red). Retrograde transport: MlaC-PL binds to MlaD at the resting state of MlaFEDB. Binding of ATP induce the exit of the PL in the cavity from the last cycle of the retrograde transport. ATP hydrolysis induces dimerization of MlaF and conformational changes of the MlaE to extract PL from MlaD-MlaC bridge into the cavity of MlaE. Hydrolysis products are released and the conformation returns back to the resting state. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-architectures-of-pe-or-adp-bound-mlafedb-complexes-ik605dtd.png Figure 2. Architectures of PE- or ADP-bound MlaFEDB complexes. (A) Cartoon representation of the PE-bound MlaFEDB structure. The hexameric MlaD are in yellow-brownish colours. Two MlaE molecules are in green and dark green. Two MlaF molecules are in violet and light pink. MlaB molecules are in olive and light orange. PE is shown in sphere. (B) PE-bound MlaFEDB complex rotated 90° along y-axis relative to the left panel. The TM domains of MlaD are numbered. (C) Cryo-EM map of PE-bound MlaFEDB structure. PE is in red. The density map of the bound PE at the lower panel. (D) Cartoon representation of ADP-bound MlaFEDB complex. The colour scheme is the same as A. LMNG and ADP are shown in sphere. (E) Rotation of 90° along y-axis relative to the left panel. Only four TM domains of MlaD are clearly visible and numbered. (F) Topology of MlaE, containing an elbow a-helix and five transmembrane segments. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-investigation-of-3-5-disubstituted-isoxazoles-by-1zuq91ijo2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cu7s2ym0.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-noe-correlations-for-compounds-6a-and-6e-38t6kcdb.png Figure 3. NOE correlations for compounds 6a and 6e. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-assignments-of-1h-nmr-chemical-shifts-for-h-4-14gjqxrb.png Table 1 Assignments of 1H-NMR Chemical Shifts for H-4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-formation-of-35-disubstituted-isoxazoles-by-wqwfjpaw.png Figure 2. Formation of 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles by reaction of β-diketones with hydroxylamine. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-manipulation-of-the-graphene-metal-interface-with-4jsoc5q1wa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-stm-images-of-the-irradiated-samples-at-n8oj8hjx.png FIG. 1. (Color online) STM images of the irradiated samples at different energies. (a) The 0.1-keV and (b) 0.3-keV samples were irradiated for 60 s, and (c) the 1.0-keV sample was irradiated for 30 s. Images are 30 × 14 nm. STM parameters for the images were (a) −140 mV/nA, (b) 125 mV/5 nA, and (c) 125 mV/0.5 nA. (d) Typical depression with adjacent protrusions on both sides (0.3 keV, 30 mVmV/380 pA). (e) Mobile protrusion with intact atomic lattice on top (0.1 keV, −140 mVmV/nA). (f) and (g) Typical pointlike defects (0.1 keV, −140 mVmV/nA and 1 keV, 260 mVmV/280 pA, respectively). All images were recorded at 5 K. Scale bars in (d)–(g) are 1 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-creation-of-a-line-defect-due-to-an-ar-zehescbn.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Creation of a line defect due to an Ar+ impact at 1 keV. After the initial penetration of the graphene sheet, the ion is deflected to the space between the graphene and the metal substrate and bounces from one to the other while constantly producing damage along the way (top row: perspective view, bottom row: top view). In the plot on the right, the z coordinate of the ion is shown as a function of simulation time. The vertical lines correspond to the times of the frames presented in the snapshots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-analysis-of-the-location-of-ar-ions-and-32rilihv.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Analysis of the location of Ar+ ions and metal atoms after the impact. (a) Probability for trapping the ion at the interface area, (b) average number of substrate atoms above the metal surface per impact, and (c) sputtering yield for the metal atoms for both a naked substrate (no gr) and a substrate covered with graphene (with gr) as a function of ion energy. The error bars mark the standard deviations of the data (contained within the markers when not visible). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-defect-creation-in-graphene-upon-ion-1advppam.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Defect creation in graphene upon ion irradiation. (a) Probabilities for creating a single vacancy (sv), double vacancy (dv), or any other defect due to Ar+ impact for supported (subst) and suspended (free) graphene, (b) average defect size as a number of lost six-membered carbon rings (when a defect is created), and (c) sputtering yield for carbon atoms for suspended graphene, both towards the substrate (to subst) and away from the substrate (to vacuum) for supported graphene as functions of ion energy. The error bars mark the standard deviations of the data (contained within the markers when not visible). https://scispace.com/papers/structural-magnetic-dielectric-and-mechanical-properties-of-40wpe5y221 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-infrared-absorption-spectra-measured-at-20-k-and-rt-26jc1d6h.png Table 2 Infrared absorption spectra measured at 20 K and RT in frequency range from 400 to 1600 cm−1 for SMO, BSMO, and BMO. Peaks position are noted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-imaginary-part-e-of-the-dielectric-permittivity-as-2irfr8y9.png Fig. 8. The imaginary part ε′′ of the dielectric permittivity as a function of the frequency f measured at 170 and 270 K for BMO, BSMO and SMO; continuous lines over https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-plots-of-the-derivative-de-dt-versus-temperature-for-3b647guf.png Fig. 10. Plots of the derivative dε′′/dT versus temperature for BMO, SMO and BSMO. In the inset the thermal dependence of the dielectric permittivity for chosen freq N https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-relaxation-times-of-two-visible-processes-versus-1s96m5y8.png Fig. 9. The relaxation times of two visible processes versus reciprocal temperature obtained for all investigated samples. The activation energy Ea values were calculated from Eq. (2) for the low (LT) and high temperature (HT) regions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-results-of-dma-experimental-open-circles-storage-3cajtaec.png Fig. 11. Results of DMA. Experimental (open circles) storage modulus E′ and tangent of losses versus temperature T for (a) BMO, (b) BSMO, (c) SMO with fitted linear dependences of E′ (T) (solid lines), non-normalised Gaussian functions (dashed c m https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-temperature-dependencies-of-the-crystal-lattice-rgd3z9st.png Fig. 2. Temperature dependencies of the crystal lattice parameters of 6H-SMO and 4H-SMO (left and middle panels) determined from XRD. Average linear normalized temperature expansion coefficient (right panel) of these structures TEC were obtained by differentiation of experimental values of unit cell dimensions on the temperature. Solid lines are guide for eyes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-zero-field-cooling-field-cooling-susceptibilities-at-h-1gzddnjy.png Fig. 4. Zero field cooling/field cooling susceptibilities at H = 50 Oe in the temperature range 100–300 K for x = 1.0, 0.5 and 0.0 in the (a), (b), (c) plots, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dsc-thermogram-for-bsmo-obtained-during-heating-1u4kplgr.png Fig. 5. DSC thermogram for BSMO obtained during heating. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-model-of-porcn-illuminates-disease-associated-52wpsrn3kp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-porcn-model-predicts-mechanisms-of-wnt-inhibitor-3a6knl7j.png Figure 5. PORCN model predicts mechanisms of Wnt inhibitor binding. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-modification-by-adding-li-cations-into-mg-cs-tfsa-3m78t7wfla 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bond-distances-for-the-mg-n-correlation-derived-odssd221.png Figure 4. Bond distances for the Mg-N correlation derived using the RMC-MM models based on the valence compensation of Mg2+, and their difference is shown to the upper part (a). Schematic illustrations of TFSA anions around Mg2+ for Mg0.1Cs0.9[TFSA]1.1 (b) and Li0.1Mg0.1Cs0.8[TFSA]1.1 (c) which satisfied the coordination number of 1.5 for Mg-N correlation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pair-distribution-functions-g-r-for-mg-n-a-li-n-b-12r3n3n4.png Figure 3. Pair distribution functions, g(r), for Mg-N (a), Li–N (b), and Cs–N (c) derived using the RMC-MM models for alkali TFSA molten salts. Line colours correspond to those in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-total-x-ray-structure-factors-s-q-at-438-k-for-2wrr1a82.png Figure 2. Total X-ray structure factors S(Q) at 438 K for alkali TFSA molten salts for the Q range of 0 < Q < 20. Circles, experimental data; lines, the RMC-MM models. Line colours correspond to those in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-raman-spectra-in-the-range-360-480-cm-1-for-alkali-3h325wl5.png Figure 1. Raman spectra in the range 360-480 cm-1 for alkali TFSA molten salts. Black, blue, and red lines represent p, q, r = 0.0, 0.0, 1.0; 0.0, 0.1, 0.9 and 0.1, 0.1, 0.8 of LipMgqCsr [TFSA]p+2q+r, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-alkali-tfsa-molten-salts-compositions-1hadsoc7.png Table 1. Details of alkali TFSA molten salts; compositions, densities, atomic number densities, particle numbers for RMC simulation, and the ratios of cis- and trans-conformers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-coordination-number-statistics-for-alkali-tfsa-n65o2gmz.png Figure 5. Coordination number statistics for alkali TFSA molten salts obtained using the RMC-MM model. Normalized fractions of Li – N (a) and Mg – N (b) coordination numbers within 4.0 Å. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-modification-of-tio2-nanorod-films-with-an-3ujp73y5jr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-deposition-rate-versus-oxygen-partial-pressure-for-1qwxb3yy.png Fig. 1 Deposition rate versus oxygen partial pressure for TiO2 nanorod films made by dc reactive sputtering https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fe-sem-images-for-tio2-nanorod-films-made-by-dc-1noht0dz.png Fig. 2 FE-SEM images for TiO2 nanorod films made by dc reactive sputtering at different oxygen partial pressures https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cell-performance-2ua329b5.png Table 1 Cell performance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-photocurrent-voltage-plots-of-dssc-assembled-with-tio2-3xkcrsgv.png Fig. 6 Photocurrent–voltage plots of DSSC assembled with TiO2 nanorod films made by dc reactive sputtering at different oxygen partial pressures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-specular-transmittance-spectra-of-tio2-nanorod-films-20vf37oy.png Fig. 4 Specular transmittance spectra of TiO2 nanorod films made by dc reactive sputtering at different oxygen partial pressures https://scispace.com/papers/structural-nested-mean-models-to-estimate-the-effects-of-1o8ki0n4y9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-compare-the-estimators-obtained-from-snmm-and-g-a2265y4m.png Table 5: Compare the estimators obtained from SNMM and g-estimation to those from GEE linear regression using two simulation examples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-causal-diagram-for-an-example-with-time-varying-1xy44lu9.png Figure 2: Causal diagram for an example with time-varying treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-examine-the-impact-of-a-misspecified-snmm-on-the-1ymvsu3z.png Table 4: Examine the impact of a misspecified SNMM on the estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-for-variance-parameter-s2m-and-correlation-295obb22.png Table 2: Estimates for variance parameter σ2m and correlation parameter ρm at each time point for DR1 estimator from Example 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-examine-the-impact-of-the-correlation-between-unit-d6i5k6n1.png Table 3: Examine the impact of the correlation between unit-specific treatments in the same cluster sample size N ¼ 1,000. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-of-glaucoma-data-analysis-2ac3tcwg.png Table 6: Results of glaucoma data analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-modifications-of-cellulose-samples-after-2yfzifn2im 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-turbidity-values-in-ntu-of-pure-solvent-systems-and-1jtoq67u.png Table 4 Turbidity values (in NTU) of pure solvent systems and cellulose solutions https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-dpv-values-for-untreated-and-regenerated-celluloses-c2l3mbjk.png Table 6 DPv values for untreated and regenerated celluloses Cellulosic samples Untreated Solvent system https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-onset-temperature-to-degc-of-thermal-degradation-1pptpo0c.png Table 5 Onset temperature To (°C) of thermal degradation obtained from DTG curves, for untreated and regenerated celluloses https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characterization-of-cellulosic-samples-in-terms-of-2h0i872y.png Table 1 Characterization of cellulosic samples in terms of crystallinity index (CrI) and degree of polymerization (DP and DPv): comparison between supplier’s and experimental data https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dissolution-experimental-conditions-optimal-time-t-kwr9u3te.png Table 2 Dissolution experimental conditions: optimal time (t) and temperature (T), for each solvent and cellulose sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regeneration-and-successive-washing-w-1-experimental-36cexgg3.png Table 3 Regeneration and successive washing (W.1) experimental conditions of cellulose samples according to the dissolution solvent system https://scispace.com/papers/structural-morphological-and-optical-characterizations-of-mo-1yn96p610d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-uv-vis-reflectance-spectra-of-mo-crn-and-mo-crn-18cbj4is.png Figure 3. UV-Vis reflectance spectra of Mo, CrN, and Mo:CrN sputtered coatings deposited onto silicon substrates as a function of wavelength. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-absorption-coefficient-of-mo-crn-and-mo-crn-3r5gjc9u.png Figure 5. Absorption coefficient of Mo, CrN, and Mo:CrN sputtered coatings deposited onto silicon substrates as a function of photon energy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-surface-energy-loss-of-mo-crn-and-mo-crn-sputtered-5ib7vbey.png Figure 13. Surface energy loss of Mo, CrN, and Mo:CrN sputtered coatings deposited onto silicon substrates as a function of photon energy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-loss-tangent-of-mo-crn-and-mo-crn-sputtered-3blruby0.png Figure 11. Loss tangent of Mo, CrN, and Mo:CrN sputtered coatings deposited onto silicon substrates as a function of photon energy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-real-part-of-dielectric-constant-of-mo-crn-and-mo-2xgu1q9g.png Figure 9. Real part of dielectric constant of Mo, CrN, and Mo:CrN sputtered coatings deposited onto silicon substrates as a function of wavelength. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-refractive-index-of-mo-crn-and-mo-crn-sputtered-39viae4y.png Figure 7. Refractive index of Mo, CrN, and Mo:CrN sputtered coatings deposited onto silicon substrates as a function of wavelength. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-xrd-spectra-of-the-as-deposited-mo-crn-and-mo-crn-3jjjl99n.png Figure 1. XRD spectra of the as-deposited Mo, CrN, and Mo:CrN sputtered coatings synthesized on silicon substrates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-energy-band-gap-values-of-mo-crn-and-mo-crn-33z8dnz8.png Table 4. Energy band-gap values of Mo, CrN and Mo:CrN sputtered films. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-neural-networks-subserving-oculomotor-function-in-1ku16dj2s5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regional-mtr-and-volume-correlations-with-oculomotor-3u7m3rnt.png Table 2 Regional MTR and volume correlations with oculomotor function https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-oculomotor-function-in-first-episode-schizophrenia-wqzs0nie.png Table 1 Oculomotor function in first-episode schizophrenia and correlation with brain parenchymal volume https://scispace.com/papers/structural-optical-and-electronic-characteristics-of-non-4tu2xuub6s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-h87lks5q.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-30n1twd1.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-3l3rnnck.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1mtmh612.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/structural-neuroplastic-responses-preserve-functional-o2kgnlc2pg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-agenesis-of-the-corpus-k362s0cu.png Table 1. Characteristics of the agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) and typically developing control (TDC) groups included in the Structural Connectivity and Functional Connectivity analyses. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-proteomics-driven-targeted-design-of-favipiravir-2oxl9pxrib 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-favipiravir-interacting-nsp12-residues-that-are-1a7cwi85.png Table 1. Favipiravir-interacting nsp12 residues that are designed with corresponding SNPs of the wild-type sequence to emulate the mutations that are more likely to happen naturally over the evolution of the protein. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-detailed-intermolecular-interactions-formed-between-1ryemrz7.png Table 2. Detailed intermolecular interactions formed between favipiravir and nsp12 binding residues in the two top-scoring affinity-enhancing and affinity-attenuating designs. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-phase-transition-in-carbon-nanotube-bundles-under-2so7mmbh8x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spectra-of-graphitelike-modes-at-atmospheric-pres-open-1txgczq1.png FIG. 5. Spectra of graphitelike modes at atmospheric pres ~open diamonds! and 1.5 GPa~filled diamonds! showing shift to higher energy with increasing pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spectra-of-radial-breathing-mode-at-atmospheric-p-sure-2jf1hulq.png FIG. 3. Spectra of radial breathing mode at atmospheric p sure~open diamonds! and 1.5 GPa~filled diamonds! showing move to higher Raman shift as well as a reduction in intensity with creasing pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-plane-lattice-constants-vs-pressure-for-1010-nanorope-1htyjyb5.png FIG. 8. Plane lattice constants vs pressure for~10,10! nanorope. Insets: Cross section of tubes at atmospheric pressure and 1.85 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-raman-spectrum-of-radial-breathing-mode-fit-with-2dx2rii4.png FIG. 1. Raman spectrum of radial breathing mode fit with Lorentzian function. Inset: Molecular dynamic simulation of carb atoms in~10,10! tube undergoing radial breathing mode vibratio https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-raman-spectrum-of-graphitelike-modes-indicating-three-29yph5tj.png FIG. 2. Raman spectrum of graphitelike modes indicating three individual modes labeled: GM1, GM2, GM3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-raman-shift-vs-pressure-for-graphitelike-modes-g-2hmpvlaj.png FIG. 6. Raman shift vs pressure for graphitelike modes: G ~diamond!, GM2 ~square!, and GM3~circle!. Open symbols indicate data points taken as pressure is increased. Closed sym indicate data points taken as pressure is reduced. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-reforms-and-macroeconomic-performance-in-the-euro-1d32hhc104 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-long-run-effects-of-reducing-markups-in-portugal-by-3edyfbk8.png Table 11: Long-Run Effects of Reducing Markups in Portugal by 15 pp (percent deviations from baseline) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-labor-and-services-reforms-in-the-euro-area-3rs0w4gw.png Figure 15. Labor and Services Reforms in the euro area (effects on German trade variables). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-long-run-effects-of-reducing-services-markups-in-uvz7u05y.png Table 7 - Long-Run Effects of Reducing Services Markups in Germany (percent deviations from baseline) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-long-run-effects-of-reducing-labor-and-services-1kkequ2f.png Table 9: Long-Run Effects of Reducing Labor and Services Markups in Germany (percent deviations from baseline) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-labor-market-reforms-in-germany-effects-on-german-32je69ac.png Figure 7. Labor Market Reforms in Germany (effects on German trade variables). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-labor-and-services-reforms-in-germany-effects-on-3p36r0so.png Figure 11. Labor and Services Reforms in Germany (effects on German trade variables). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-services-market-reforms-in-germany-effects-on-3o2uj4ha.png Figure 3. Services Market Reforms in Germany (effects on German trade variables). https://scispace.com/papers/structural-sensitivity-of-dry-storage-canisters-4ple47hare 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-9-lid-weld-region-plastic-strains-top-view-1nq189wg.png Figure 3-9: Lid Weld Region Plastic Strains, Top View https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-8-lid-weld-region-plastic-strains-side-view-1ui1w01a.png Figure 3-8. Lid Weld Region Plastic Strains, Side View https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-tip-over-stress-summary-1clbs5up.png Table 3-1. Tip-over Stress Summary https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-plastic-strain-in-canister-lid-weld-region-1qo6eiza.png Figure 3-4. Plastic Strain in Canister Lid Weld Region https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-19-canister-plastic-strains-0-to-1-0-percent-ylxtj2uh.png Figure 3-19. Canister Plastic Strains, 0 to 1.0 Percent https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-18-baseplate-plastic-strain-with-channels-2i2xc9ui.png Figure 3-18. Baseplate Plastic Strain with Channels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-baseplate-plastic-strains-from-two-view-angles-3j350ci9.png Figure 3-5. Baseplate Plastic Strains, from Two View Angles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-frequency-response-spectra-of-seismic-load-cases-2xhqwl0d.png Figure 5-1. Frequency Response Spectra of Seismic Load Cases https://scispace.com/papers/structural-sizing-of-a-rotorcraft-fuselage-using-an-4v3r0rpth0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-sizing-results-scenario-no-7-yf8wf9jr.png Fig. 14 Sizing results (scenario no. 7) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-take-off-masses-kg-rounded-values-36il9ua9.png Table 1 Take-off masses [kg] (rounded values) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-the-implemented-mass-estimation-methods-eh15v9lo.png Fig. 5 Comparison of the implemented mass estimation methods https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-interface-reduction-due-to-cpacs-27167vhx.png Fig. 1 Interface reduction due to CPACS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-helicopter-scheme-for-load-evaluation-at-level-flight-1n5du8gr.png Fig. 8 Helicopter scheme for load evaluation at level flight https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-composition-of-mem-according-to-johnsons-methods-khi-0-2eanwiri.png Fig. 6 Composition of mem according to Johnson’s methods (χi = 0.7) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-model-preparation-22zwc8hy.png Fig. 7 Model preparation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-aluminum-2024-material-properties-3rasni9a.png Table 2 Aluminum 2024 - material properties https://scispace.com/papers/structural-transformation-and-inclusive-growth-kuznets-5a5hpxlyu7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-export-composition-indonesia-gp2gaeed.png Figure 6: Export composition, Indonesia https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-manufacturing-development-and-inequality-trends-krebx4rn.png Figure 2: Manufacturing development and inequality trends, Indonesia https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-composition-of-value-added-constant-2005-national-11mhd729.png Figure 4: Composition of value added (constant 2005 national prices), Indonesia https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-employment-composition-by-productivity-and-worker-2qt73qz4.png Figure 14: Employment composition by productivity and worker status, Indonesia https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-poverty-rate-indonesia-475ik6i8.png Figure 10: Poverty rate, Indonesia https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-central-government-expenditure-on-social-jq5agwoh.png Figure 16: Central government expenditure on social assistance programmes, Indonesia https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-kuznetsian-tension-by-period-indonesia-20othxtx.png Figure 3: Kuznetsian tension by period, Indonesia https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-growth-elasticities-of-poverty-indonesia-1tec1l7a.png Figure 11: Growth elasticities of poverty, Indonesia https://scispace.com/papers/structural-upgrade-of-deficient-unreinforced-masonry-135f9ptpom 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-shear-strain-distribution-for-lading-stage-a-at-the-2pquz1a0.png Figure 8. Shear strain distribution for lading stage a) at the middle, and b) at the maximum imposed displacement value for UHPFRC_22mm specimen https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-shear-strain-distribution-for-lading-stage-a-at-the-159b3pmy.png Figure 7. Shear strain distribution for lading stage a) at the middle, and b) at the maximum imposed displacement value for UHPFRC_14mm specimen https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-shear-strain-distribution-for-lading-stage-a-at-the-1wbitrxc.png Figure 9. Shear strain distribution for lading stage a) at the middle, and b) at the maximum imposed displacement value for UHPFRC_30mm specimen https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-urm-walls-3pybnvto.png Figure 1. URM walls https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparisons-between-the-experimental-and-the-21toaiv4.png Figure 11. Comparisons between the experimental and the analytical maximum load values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-cross-section-stresses-and-internal-force-1vi93zhn.png Figure 10. Cross section stresses and internal force contribution of the UHPFRC layer https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-uhpfc-mix-design-393kckba.png Table 1. UHPFC mix design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-testing-setup-and-b-digital-image-correlation-igxyuzop.png Figure 3. a) Testing setup and b) Digital Image Correlation setup for the monitoring of the interface https://scispace.com/papers/structural-transformations-in-carbon-nanoparticles-induced-2dh0mngsr6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-vacancy-formation-in-the-graphite-lattice-a-the-3907tcjc.png Figure 1. Vacancy formation in the graphite lattice: a — the removal of one carbon atom (encircled) from a curved graphene layer creates a monovacancy that is stable, b — the removal of two adjacent atoms creates a divacancy that can close via Stone–Wales rearrangement. The number of hexagons is reduced by one and the surface area is reduced. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-coalescence-of-two-single-walled-nanotubes-under-3opsr5ev.png Figure 2. Coalescence of two single-walled nanotubes under electron irradiation at 1000 K. a — before, b — after irradiation. The merging tubes are arrowed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-structure-of-carbon-onions-a-electron-251wmp3i.png Figure 3. The structure of carbon onions. a — electron microscopy image of a carbon onion, formed under electron irradiation at 1000 K. The shells are coherent and show a decreasing spacing towards the centre. b — model structure of a carbon onion with three shells (not at the same scale as (a)). Pentagons and heptagons ensure uniform curvature (courtesy by M. Terrones). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-non-equilibrium-phase-diagram-of-carbon-under-35lpxd7b.png Figure 4. Non-equilibrium phase diagram of carbon under highenergetic electron irradiation. The displacement rate (proportional to the beam intensity) is plotted as a function of temperature. A ratio of displacement cross-sections in graphite and diamond of σg/σd = 2.6 has been assumed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-metal-crystals-that-were-encapsulated-by-graphitic-18j7ej3m.png Figure 5. Metal crystals that were encapsulated by graphitic shells under electron irradiation. Examples for Fe, Co, and Ni crystals are shown. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-transformations-of-the-la2-xprxnio4-d-system-3rkgjy58mm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-refined-structural-parameters-for-select-3l6avx4s.png Table 1 Summary of refined structural parameters for select compositions (x) in the La2-xPrxNiO4+δ system, see Supplemental Table S1 for complete details of all refined parameters and fit statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-evolution-of-non-indexed-weak-intensity-peaks-observed-3aknyjws.png Fig 5 Evolution of non-indexed weak intensity peaks observed in HR-SPD data for (a) selected La2-xPrxNiO4+δ compositions at 295 K, and (b) for Pr2NiO4.25 as a function of temperature from 100 K to 450 K. TEM electron diffraction at (c) 300 K and (d) 100 K showing extra non-indexed reflections marked by red arrows visible at both temperatures for the x = 2.0 composition. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-variation-detection-by-proximity-ligation-from-3whwuaa3um 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fix-c-method-and-data-types-a-fix-c-experimental-12r5hd65.png Figure 1. Fix-C method and data-types. A) Fix-C experimental methodology. B) DNA fragment distribution (black area) from high molecular weight non-fixed tissue (middle) and degraded FFPE tissue DNA (right). C) Read pair separation in FFPE proximity ligation. Each read in a pair is mapped to the reference human genome. Shown here is a histogram of the frequencies of increasing distances spanned between reads in a pair. Reads of increasingly farther distance are less likely to be observed, yet many read pairs span hundreds or thousands of kilobases. D) Fix-C linkage density plot visualization of a translocation. Each pixel represents an interaction (i.e. proximity ligation read pair mapping) between randomly ligated DNA fragments. Read pair associations between known adjacent neighboring sequences occur at the base of the triangle, while those between distal sequences in cis or on other chromosomes occur ‘off-the-diagonal’. A genomic translocation event between Locus A and Locus B is inferred due to the high concentration of proximity ligation read pair mapping (red circle). https://scispace.com/papers/structurally-informed-evolutionary-models-improve-12on65rnir 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-substitution-rate-and-dc1-2-dc3-of-stalk-and-head-28b7606q.png Table 2. Substitution rate and dC1+2/dC3 of stalk and head domain for each influenza 611 subtype. Compared to the head domain, the stalk domain with lower value of dC1+2/dC3 612 experiences stronger purifying selection to maintain its conserved functionality. 613 614 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tree-root-height-estimation-and-its-95-bayesian-cgytsop8.png Table 1. Tree root height estimation and its 95% Bayesian credible interval (BCI) from each model for each influenza subtype. 599 Results from four models show very similar tree root height and 95% BCI for each influenza subtype. The unit of the root height is in 600 years. 601 602 Models: HKY model is a substitution model that considers different base frequencies and assigns different rates for transitions v.s. 603 transversions. The c model represents SRD06 codon position model. The partitioning strategy is to analyze codon positions 1 + 2 and 604 codon position 3 separately. The p model takes the protein structure partitions into account based on the amino acid positions for each 605 domain on the linear diagram. The cp model combines both c and p models, which estimates codon positions in protein structural 606 partitions. All models use HKY substitution model. 607 608 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-tree-root-height-estimation-and-its-95-bayesian-1se0f4pm.png Table 3. Tree root height estimation and its 95% Bayesian credible interval (BCI) from each model for all H5Nx datasets. The 621 statistical significance of the new model holds across different subsampling datasets. Only 20% dataset has the trend to slightly 622 overestimate the root height and would not report the precise evolution history of H5Nx. In sum, the new model is not sensitive to 623 sample size. The unit of root height is in years. 624 625 Models: HKY model is a substitution model that considers different base frequencies and assigns different rates for transitions v.s. 626 transversions. The c model represents SRD06 codon position model. The partitioning strategy is to analyze codon positions 1 + 2 and 627 codon position 3 separately. The p model takes the protein structure partitions into account based on the amino acid positions for each 628 domain on the linear diagram. The cp model combines both c and p models, which estimates codon positions in protein structural 629 partitions. All models use HKY substitution model. 630 631 https://scispace.com/papers/structurally-quotient-fixed-modes-181579n2ki 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-in-a-we-have-a-digraph-representation-of-the-z5mzvrdx.png Fig. 1. In (a), we have a digraph representation of the structural plant (Ā, B̄, C̄), with four states, two subsystems (one with input u1 and output y1 , and the other with input u2 and output y2), with quotient subsystems Q1 and Q2 , delimited by the gray boxes. The obtained quotient system digraph by Lemma 1 is depicted in (b), where the red edge in (b) corresponds to the red edge in (a) connecting the subsystem Q1 with the subsystem Q1 . (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-decomposition-in-paths-and-cycles-of-each-subsystems-2qvffyw4.png Fig. 4. Decomposition in paths and cycles of each subsystem’s digraph of the structural plant (Ā, B̄, C̄, K̄ ), i.e., D(Q1) and D(Q2), obtained with Algorithm 1. n red, we have this decomposition for D(Q1) with only once cycle. In blue, we ave this decomposition for D(Q1) with only two cycles. (For interpretation of he references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web ersion of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-in-a-we-have-a-digraph-representation-of-the-1iibsx3d.png Fig. 3. In (a), we have a digraph representation of the structural plant (Ā, B̄, C̄), with five states, two subsystems (one with inputs u1, u2 and outputs y1, y2 , and he other with inputs u3, u4, u5 and output y3, y4, y5), with quotient subsystems Q1 and Q2 , delimited by the gray boxes. The obtained quotient system digraph by Lemma 1 is depicted in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-how-to-add-edges-between-two-subsystems-1cohcx89.png Fig. 2. Example of how to add edges between two subsystems’ subsystems digraph representations to remove SQFMs, illustrating the case where one subsystem has SFMs and the other subsystems does not. To simplify the visualization and the analysis, we use meta-nodes that represent an SCC of the system’s digraph representation given as follows: the source SCCs of the structural plant digraph representation are denoted by N⊤1 ,N ⊤ 2 , and N ⊤ 3 ; the arget SCCs are denoted by N⊥6 N ⊥ 7 ,N ⊥ 8 , and N ⊥ 9 ; and the other SCCs are denoted by N4 , and N5 . For simplicity, here we consider that both subsystems are such that all the states belong to a disjoint union of cycles. Thus, the dashed red edges indicate that there is one edge from and to the state variables in different SCCS. Notice that after considering these edges, the structurally quotient system digraph changes into a single partition that is now structurally controllable and observable, and therefore, the subsystem does not have SFM, which implies that the original information pattern does lead to the existence of SQFM. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/structural-vibrational-and-dynamic-properties-of-ge-ga-te-17n1ccu1jm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-cutoff-distance-rmij-minimum-of-the-corresponding-1m0441g3.png TABLE II. Cutoff distance rmij [minimum of the corresponding function gij (r)], and calculated partial coordination numbers nij with i,j=(Ge,Ga,Te) at different compositions x at 823 K in GexGaxTe100−2x liquids. Results for the Ge14Ga14Te72 liquid are compared to the parent Ge14Sb14Te72 [23]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-total-structure-factor-of-ge10ga10te80-liquid-for-sezzb2xh.png FIG. 5. (a) Total structure factor of Ge10Ga10Te80 liquid for different simulated temperatures. (b) Corresponding pair correlation functiong(r). The black curves are the experimental data from neutron scattering (same as Figs. 2 and 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-calculated-diffusion-constant-for-ge-a-ga-b-and-te-c-3e32vc8d.png FIG. 14. Calculated diffusion constant for Ge (a), Ga (b), and Te (c) atoms in Ge-Ga-Te liquids with different compositions. The diffusivity of elemental Te is also shown [14]. The broken lines correspond to diffusivities of Ge14Sb14Te72 [14] and serve for comparison with Ge14Ga14Te72 (green curves). Activation energies EA are given for each species and composition. The errors have been obtained by calculating the standard deviation of the diffusion data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-calculated-partial-vibrational-density-of-states-vdos-3p8zi314.png FIG. 13. Calculated partial vibrational density of states (VDOS) for different Ge-Ga-Te liquids at fixed temperature T 823 K. Contributions from Te (a), Ge (b), and Ga (c) atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-evolution-of-the-simulated-partial-structure-factor-eml3in1q.png FIG. 8. Evolution of the simulated partial structure factor STeTe(k) with composition x in GexGaxTe100−2x at 823 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-typical-decomposition-of-the-total-simulated-3eq6swh4.png FIG. 6. A typical decomposition of the total simulated structure factor ST (k) of liquid (823 K) Ge10Ga10Te80 (same as Fig. 2) into partial structure factor (2 − δij )cicj bibjSij (k)/〈b〉2. Blue, violet, and green curves represent STeTe(k), SGeT e(k), and SGaTe(k), respectively. The position of the main peaks (k1, k2, k3) are indicated on the top axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-evolution-of-the-simulated-partial-structure-factor-2gpq7qmy.png FIG. 7. Evolution of the simulated partial structure factor SGeTe(k) and SGaTe(k) with composition x in GexGaxTe100−2x at 823 K. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-calculated-fraction-in-of-tetrahedra-et-for-ge-and-25gu84s1.png TABLE V. Calculated fraction (in %) of tetrahedra ηT for Ge and Ga atoms using topological angular constraints (see methods in Ref. [40]). Cutoffs of 3.2 Å and 18◦ have been used. A comparison with a Ge20Te80 liquid (825 K) is made [34]. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-adjustment-during-high-deposition-rate-growth-of-3o7o953ce7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-aml-5-illuminatedj-v-characteristics-of-solar-cells-35eckgut.png FIG. 2. AMl.5 illuminatedJ–V characteristics of solar cells deposited with different plasma powers. Solar cells, the same samples as in Fig. 1, are ,1 mm thick and 131 cm2 large, defined by simple Ag backcontacts. A thicker solar cell with highly reflective ZnO/Ag backcontact is also shown by the half star.IC RS values of optimum cells are indicated in(a). The structure evolution with SC in terms ofIC RS shown for selected samples in(d). Lines are guides for the eyes. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-dynamics-in-network-forming-materials-4lcz4pfdgc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-a-the-evolution-of-the-potential-energy-for-a-a7wjgnpg.png Figure 20. (a) The evolution of the potential energy for a fully relaxed bilayer of SiO2 as a function of area. Key: black line - harmonic potential only. The green, cyan and red lines show the effect of introducing an increasingly significant shifted 24-12 repulsive potential. The blue line shows the energy obtained from the full electrostatic TS potential [130]. The experimentally-determined density range is highlighted by the yellow lines and arrow. (b) The energy as a function of number density for five amorphous bilayer configurations and the ideal (six-membered rings) crystal structure, determined using a purely harmonic potential. The amorphous configuration energies can all be driven to zero above critical densities but, importantly, these densities vary with configuration as highlighted by the dashed red lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-a-the-energies-for-four-two-dimensional-crystals-2gydzj60.png Figure 15. (a) The energies for four two-dimensional crystals determined over a range of densities (areas). The black, red, green and light blue lines correspond to the energies of the hexagonal net, close-packed lattice, square net and 4/8 crystal respectively. The magenta line shows the energies of a-G configurations. The blue line shows the effect of relaxing the 4/8 crystal with the arrow highlighting the amorphisation transition observed for A .2.6Å 2 . (b) The energies of puckered (solid lines) and planar (dashed lines) forms of the hexagonal net. Key: black lines - carbon, blue lines - silicon, red lines - germanium. In all three cases the arrows highlight the energy minima of the puckered structure. (c) Molecular graphics images of the four two-dimensional crystal structures. Key: blue - hexagonal net, red - close-packed lattice, magenta - square net, green - 4/8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ashcroft-langreth-partial-structure-factors-for-3a5c84no.png Figure 5. Ashcroft-Langreth partial structure factors for liquid MX2 (calculated along the T = 1000K isotherm) as a function of anion polarizability, α. The functions shown are (a) SXX(k), (b) SMX(k), (c) SMM (k). Successive functions are offset along the ordinate axis for clarity and, in each panel, correspond to (from bottom to top) α =0, 5, 10, 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25 and 30au respectively. In (c) lines are superimposed to highlight the evolution of the first two peak positions (which evolve to form the principal and first-sharp diffraction peaks [PP and FSDP] at high α). (d) The evolution of the positions of the PP and FSDP as a function of α. (e) The evolution of the fractions of sites labelled “0”, “1” and “2” (×, ◦ and △ respectively) with α. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bhatia-thornton-partial-structure-factors-for-vhqadwiv.png Figure 6. Bhatia-Thornton partial structure factors for liquid MX2 (calculated along the T = 1000K isotherm) as a function of anion polarizability, α. The functions shown are (from left to right) SNN(k), SNC(k) and SCC(k). Successive functions are offset along the ordinate axis for clarity and, in each panel, correspond to (from bottom to top) α =0, 5, 10, 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25 and 30au respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-a-the-partial-radial-distribution-function-for-the-ghz9tmhi.png Figure 21. (a) The partial radial distribution function for the carbon-carbon separations, gCC(r), obtained from simulations of molten Na2CO3 over a temperature range from T = 1100K to T = 1700K. As the temperature is increased the highlighted feature at r ∼ 3.3Å transforms from a well-defined peak to a shoulder. (b) The distribution of C-C chain lengths shown at three temperatures (black - T = 1100K green - T = 1400K red - T = 1700K). (c) Mean C-C chain lengths as a function of temperature. (d) Molecular graphics “snapshot” of a low temperature (T = 1100K) Na2CO3 configuration showing the C atoms only. C atoms separated by r < 4Å (corresponding to the first local minimum in gCC(r) as shown in panel (a)) are joined by a line and the C atoms are coloured according to their environment. Key: red - zero coordinate, yellow - singly-coordinate, green - two-coordinate, blue - three-coordinate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-a-molecular-graphics-images-of-four-configurations-31mqrg54.png Figure 16. (a) Molecular graphics images of four configurations obtained at densities. Bottom right - A ∼ 2.57Å2, bottom left - A ∼ 2.16Å2, top right - A ∼ 1.95Å2, top left - A ∼ 1.58Å2. At the highest density (top left) distinct nanocrystallites are observed and one is highlighted. At A ∼ 1.95Å2 (top right) domains of close-packed and hexagonal nets are formed. At A ∼ 2.16Å2 (bottom left) nanocrystalline domains are evident whilst at A ∼ 2.57Å2 (bottom right) the structure appears more amorphous. (b) Ring structure factors, S66(k) and (c) their second moments, M (2) 66 (k), defined as described in the text. Key: black lines - A ∼ 2.57Å2, red lines - A ∼ 2.35Å2, green lines - A ∼ 2.16Å2, blue lines - A ∼ 1.95Å2. The panels show the results using different cooling rates from the most rapid cooling (left panel) to slowest cooling (right panel). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-main-panel-partial-structure-factor-ssisi-k-2m7a9b70.png Figure 4. (Main panel) Partial structure factor, SSiSi(k), generated from SiO2 cold compression from ambient pressure. Successive pressure increases are offset along the ordinate axis for clarity. The inset shows the evolution of the length-scales associated with the first and second peaks (highlighted at k1 and k2 in the main panel, shown as × and ◦ respectively) as a function of pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-mean-ring-size-n-v-pressure-obtained-for-the-1hygknzw.png Figure 3. (a) Mean ring size, < n >, v. pressure obtained for the glassy SiO2. Key: red line - quench, black line - cold compression. The behaviour predicted by the ring closure model (section 3.2.1) is shown as the blue line. (b) The fraction of sites with different coordination numbers for the cold compressed configurations. Key: black line - four-coordinate, red line - five-coordinate, green line - six-coordinate, blues line - seven-coordinate. (c) Showing the correlation between the mean ring size and mean Si-O nearest-neighbour coordination number, n̄OSi. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-dynamics-of-the-crispr-cas9-catalytic-complex-46057xq86z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-catalytic-site-of-the-ruvc-domain-in-the-crispr-12c95jot.png Figure 3. (A) Catalytic site of the RuvC domain in the CRISPR−Cas9 complex, displaying two conformations of R976. In the activated CRISPR− Cas9 complex, R976 assumes a “down” conformational state (magenta), bringing its positive side chain in close contact to the scissile phosphate. In the inactive state of the CRISPR−Cas9 complex, R976 moves away from the scissile phosphate and assumes an “up” conformation (yellow). (B) Time evolution of distance between the terminal carbon of R976 and the scissile phosphate (R976−PDNA) along ∼400 ns of GaMD simulations of the activated CRISPR−Cas9 complex (replicas are in Figure S4). Time windows indicate the “down” (magenta) and “up” (yellow) conformations of R976. (C) PMF of the R976−PDNA distance computed over the aggregated data from four simulation replicas for ∼3.2 μs of total sampling. The PMF is expressed in kilocalories per mole. (D) Two-dimensional PMF of the R976−PDNA distance in combination with the dihedral angle between the Cα−Cβ−Cγ−Cδ atoms of R976 (ϑ-R976). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-x-ray-structure-of-the-inactive-crispr-cas9-1y8r4lo0.png Figure 1. (A) X-ray structure of the inactive CRISPR−Cas9 complex (5F9R.pdb).5 The Cas9 protein is shown in molecular surface, with the HNH (green) and RuvC (blue) domains shown as cartoons. The RNA (pink), as well as the target strand (TS, violet) and the nontarget strand (NTS, black) of the DNA are shown as ribbons. The structure captures an inactive state of the CRISPR−Cas9 complex, with the catalytic HNH domain located at ∼16−18 Å from the cleavage site on the TS. (B) Close-up view of the activated CRISPR−Cas9 complex derived from molecular simulations16,17 and FRET experiments,19−21 displaying the docking of the HNH domain at the cleavage site on the TS, and moving away from the RuvC domain. (C) Site of the activated HNH domain, displaying the coordination of the metal Mg2+ ions (gold spheres) in the activated complex. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-configuration-of-r976-in-the-inactive-crispr-cas9-s3tqlyik.png Figure 4. (A) Configuration of R976 in the inactive CRISPR−Cas9 complex (R976 in yellow), compared to the configuration of R976 in the activated complex (R976 in magenta). The inactive configuration of the HNH domain (shown as ribbons in yellow) is superposed to the activated configuration (ribbons, green), showing that in the active conformation, HNH moves away from the RuvC active site. (B) Probability distributions of the distances between the R976 terminal nitrogen atom (NH1) and the backbone oxygen atoms of the Q910, L911, and K913 residues, computed over GaMD simulations of the inactive (yellow) and active (green) CRISPR−Cas9 complexes (data are aggregated over the simulation replicas). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-active-site-of-the-ruvc-domain-in-the-activated-1x9g4zjg.png Figure 5. (A) Active site of the RuvC domain in the activated CRISPR−Cas9 (left panel) in comparison with type II topoisomerase71 (topo II, central panel) and polymerase−η72 (pol−η, right panel). (B) Alignment of the primary sequence of the RuvC domain in the Streptococcus pyogenes (Sp),5 Staphylococcus aureus (Sa),59 Francisella Novicida (Fn),60 Actinomyces naeslundii (Ana),4 and Campylobacter jejuni (Cj)61 CRISPR−Cas9 systems. The sequence identity is color-coded from white to blue to indicate a percentage of sequence identity from 0 to 100%. (C) The region from residues 970−990 is enlarged and color-coded to display the sequence identity (top) and the presence of similar residue types (bottom, red for RKH and blue for D and E). (D) Structural superimposition of the RuvC domain in the investigated systems, with close up view displaying the location of R976 in the five systems. The structures are shown as ribbons, color-coded in agreement with the sequence identity scale (i.e., white no identity; blue full identity). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-active-site-of-the-rna-ribonuclease-h-rnase-h-64-4onkici2.png Figure 2. (A) Active site of the RNA Ribonuclease H (RNase H)64 displaying a two-metal aided architecture, characterized by the highly conserved DEDD (or DDE) motif. The two Mg2+ ions (A and B, gold) and the water molecules (red) are shown as spheres. (B) RuvC active site of CRISPR−Cas9 as arising from ab-initio QM/MM MD simulations. The active site adopts a catalytically competent two-metal aided configuration. One water molecule locates in close proximity to the scissile phosphate and interacts with H983. The oxygen pro-S (Sp) jointly coordinates the two metals, as required for the two-metal aided catalysis.23,25,26,65 (C) Time evolution along ∼40 ps of ab-initio QM/MM MD of the coordination distances for the ligands of MgB (top) and MgA (center), as well as of the interaction network established by H983 and by the water nucleophile (bottom). For each plot, the distances are shown on the 3D structure in the right panel. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-catalytic-function-of-re-oxo-species-grafted-tvjfvojytg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-raman-spectra-of-re-mfi-mfi-background-subtracted-25hcyxlf.png Figure 1. Raman spectra of Re-MFI (MFI background subtracted) and rhenium reference compounds. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-far-infrared-edge-modes-of-quantum-antidots-at-41z71t6rxi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-electronic-densities-as-a-function-ofr-for-antidots-of-2y0mkqp0.png FIG. 3. Electronic densities as a function ofr for antidots of R510, 15, and 20a0* , and ns50.2 (a0* ) 22. Also shown are the jellium densities~dotted lines!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mode-frequency-forl51-and-2-as-a-function-of-the-ybq6nq96.png FIG. 2. Mode frequency forL51 and 2 as a function of the electron surface density corresponding toR57.5 a0* . The crosses are experimental data from Ref. 2, and the lines are drawn to g the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-electronic-densities-as-a-function-ofr-for-antidots-of-3lpze0h0.png FIG. 1. Electronic densities as a function ofr for antidots of R57.5a0* andns50.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 (a0* ) 22. Also shown are the jellium densities~dotted lines!. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-functional-analysis-of-a-tilapia-oreochromis-3uma8h1p24 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-b-galactosidase-activity-in-zebrafish-embryos-injected-2sgbhapj.png FIG. 8. b -Galactosidase activity in zebrafish embryos injected with a tilapia mossam bica GH promoter directing b - galactosidase expression. Embryos (1 to 2 cells) were injected with p( 2 463/ 1 19)tiGH - b gal. After 24 h, the embryos were fixed and incubated with X-Gal to visualize b -galactosidase activity. A representative embryo is shown at 3 55 magnification. The arrow indicates specific b -Gal expression. Blue cells were identified on the basis of their location in spinal cord or brain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-activation-mediated-by-the-pit-1-site-tighf1-to-a-1zdnucs7.png FIG. 6. Activation mediated by the Pit-1 site tiGHF1 to a heterologous promoter. Two copies of the tiGHF1 site were cloned upstream from the heterologous Tk promoter (2xtiGHF1-TkLuc), and the transcriptional activity was compared with that of the parental Tk-Luc construct. Values are the means 6 SE from three independent transfection experiments performed in duplicate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-stimulation-of-tigh-proximal-promoter-activity-by-rat-5xm4i6id.png FIG. 7. Stimulation of tiGH proximal promoter activity by rat Pit-1 in nonpituitary cells. Carp EPC cells were cotransfected by the calcium phosphate method with 2 pmoles of p( 2 463/ 1 19)tiGH-Luc and 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 m g of pRSVrPit-1 expression plasmid for rat Pit-1. The pRSV-CAT expression plasmid was used as a negative control, and a pCMVb gal (1 m g) was included to normalize the values for transfection efficiency. After 52 h, luciferase and b -galactosidase activities were measured. Results are the mean 6 SE of four experiments, each performed in duplicate. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-function-of-the-left-atrium-and-left-atrial-15y1kpse5i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-la-and-laa-imaging-based-variables-to-predict-stroke-3btpt3tr.png TABLE 1 LA and LAA Imaging-Based Variables to Predict Stroke https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-measurement-of-the-time-delay-between-electrical-o7t71jwp.png FIGURE 4 Measurement of the Time Delay Between Electrical and Mechanical Activation of the LA (PA-TDI) and Its Association With AF Ablation Efficacy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-requirements-for-transcatheter-laa-closure-12w3e0vb.png FIGURE 10 Requirements for Transcatheter LAA Closure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-assessment-of-laa-function-tkl7tqbz.png FIGURE 8 Assessment of LAA Function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-assessment-of-laa-dimensions-and-evaluation-of-243igva5.png FIGURE 9 Assessment of LAA Dimensions and Evaluation of Throm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-la-volume-assessment-using-2d-and-3d-26dfmxpm.png FIGURE 1 LA Volume Assessment Using 2D and 3D Echocardiography https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4d-cmr-to-assess-la-flow-2ujp75ez.png FIGURE 5 4D CMR to Assess LA Flow https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-assessment-of-la-fibrosis-with-lge-cmr-in-af-and-2w38x8mb.png FIGURE 2 Assessment of LA Fibrosis With LGE CMR in AF and Implications for the Efficacy of Invasive Therapies https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-growth-of-tetracene-on-ag-111-4kugdxsprx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-simulation-of-the-random-close-packed-rcp-tc-s9v1phn7.png FIG. 4. (Color) Simulation of the random close-packed (RCP) Tc layer in the random sequential adsorption (RSA) approximation. (a) Number of single adsorption attempts needed for a successful event as function of the total number of Tc molecules NTc already placed on the surface (bottom axis) and the corresponding surface density of the layer nTc (top axis). Three cases are simulated—full registry with the Ag(111) substrate, i.e., commensurate structure (red dots); point-online registry with Ag(111), i.e., molecules placed on top of Ag atomic rows (black dots); and incommensurate adsorption (blue dots). The results of three independent simulations are accumulated for each case in the plot. The surface density at which the number of required attempts diverges was taken as the density of the corresponding RCP phase (red, black, and blue vertical lines). Black dashed lines and symbols ✚, ✖ represent the surface densities in the STM images of Figs. 3(a) and 3(b). (b)–(d) Distribution of Tc molecules from the RCP simulations in cases of incommensurate registry (b), commensurate registry (c), and point-on-line registry (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-a-c-stm-images-of-the-tc-ag-111-b-phase-acquired-3cxkm3v0.png FIG. 9. (Color) (a)–(c) STM images of the Tc/Ag(111) β-phase acquired at different bias voltages and tunneling currents: (a) 2.0 V, 47 pA; (b) 1.0 V, 47 pA; (c) 0.6 V, 47 pA. Molecules in different sublattices are marked with colored ovals and letters A, B (B′), C, D, E; The center positions of molecules in the A, B, and C sublattices are marked with green, light blue, and dark blue circles in (a), (b), and (c), respectively. The positions of domain walls are marked with black dotted lines that are labeled DW1 or DW2. Red dotted lines show the unit cell of the β-phase. Black circular arrows mark the positions of two-fold rotation axes R2 (see main text). (d) Structure model for the Tc/Ag(111) β-phase: top view (top) and side view (bottom) of the unit cell (red dashed lines) with 22 molecules, color-coded as in panels (a)–(c). Between the top and side views the various sublattices are shown separately. Positions of DW1 and DW2 are indicated. For comparison with the β-phase, the molecules in the blue boxes show the structure motif of bulk Tc. Inset: Unit cell of bulk Tc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phase-diagrams-of-tc-ag-111-after-deposition-at-a-room-2jbvy0si.png FIG. 1. Phase diagrams of Tc/Ag(111) after deposition at (a) room temperature and (b) low temperature (T 230 K). Vertical bars denote experimentally observed α, β, and γ phases and the estimated coverage of the RCP layer. Hatched areas indicate phase coexistence. High temperature boarders for all phases are approximated. Points for which STM data are shown in this article are marked with , ✚, ✖, , and ✱. Inset in (b): chemical structure of Tc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-a-leed-pattern-beam-energy-12-ev-and-b-c-stm-ghqruwcr.png FIG. 5. (Color) (a) LEED pattern (beam energy 12 eV) and (b), (c) STM images (tunneling current 0.1 nA, bias voltage 1.5 V) of the Tc/Ag(111) α-phase. The unit cell is marked in (b) and (c). (d) dI/dV spectra of a Tc molecule in the α-phase, recorded at its center [blue curve, approximate position marked in blue in (c)] and its edge [red curve, approximate position marked in red in (c)]. The green curve is the spectrum of the clean Ag(111) surface. The black horizontal arrow marks the shift of the Ag(111) surface state upon Tc adsorption. (e) Unit cell of the α-phase (angle and unit cell vectors are taken from SPA-LEED data of Langner et al.1: a1 = 12.9 Å, a2 = 7.8 Å, α = 83.2◦). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-a-stm-image-bias-voltage-2-v-tunneling-current-0-58iaz4wp.png FIG. 8. (Color) (a) STM image (bias voltage 2 V, tunneling current 0.7 nA) of Tc/Ag(111) showing α- and β-phases of Tc coexisting on the same terrace of the substrate. The✱ symbol indicates the point in the phase diagram of Fig. 1 that corresponds to the STM image. The unit cells of the α- and β-phases are marked in black and shaded in yellow or red, respectively. For comparison, the Ag(111) unit cell is shown by small black rhombus. (b) STM height profile recorded along the dashed line in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-ordered-and-disordered-phases-of-tc-ag-111-unit-cell-1ghrgl64.png TABLE I. Ordered and disordered phases of Tc/Ag(111). Unit cell vectors and angles for α- and γ -phases are derived from STM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-surface-mobility-of-tc-molecules-on-ag-111-at-8-k-m6h61xuh.png FIG. 2. (a) Surface mobility of Tc molecules on Ag(111) at 8 K. The STM image was recorded with 0.4 V bias voltage and 95 pA tunneling current (A shadow filter was applied for improved contrast68). The stripes represent the traces of moving Tc molecules. Single immobilized Tc molecules can be recognized at the step edges of the substrate. The symbol indicates the point in the phase diagram of Fig. 1 that corresponds to the STM image. (b) Time spectrum of the tunneling current recorded above a diffusion trace. (c)–(e) Subsequent STM images of the same sample area, recorded with 0.08 V bias voltage and 95 pA tunneling current. Dashed lines mark diffusion traces of molecules which leave the image frame (dash line) or appear (dash-dot line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-unit-cells-of-the-a-g-phase-and-b-a-phase-of-tc-12uxzswc.png FIG. 6. (Color) Unit cells of the (a) γ -phase and (b) α-phase of Tc/Ag(111). The γ -phase is plotted as a commensurate superstructure. The α-phase is plotted according to SPA-LEED data from Ref. 1. (c) The γ -phase can be transformed into the α-phase by a rigid displacement of Tc chains as indicated with the yellow arrows. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-magnetic-properties-of-an-epitaxial-fe-110-mgo-1y9959tmad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-values-of-density-thickness-and-roughness-as-1wvffxo1.png TABLE II. The values of density, thickness, and roughness as estimated from XRR measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-in-situ-moke-loops-a-e-for-1-2-3-4-and-5-nm-thick-fe-1e838hom.png FIG. 5. In-situ MOKE loops (a)–(e) for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 nm thick Fe layers grown on MgO(111)/GaN(0001). (f) Variation in MOKE coercivity versus Fe films thickness. The dotted line represents a guide to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-vsm-hysteresis-loops-along-one-of-the-a-1-21120-iw4sahit.png FIG. 6. The VSM hysteresis loops along one of the a ½1120 and m ½1100 axes of GaN(0001). Easy axis switching was observed along one of the aaxes, while the hard axis switching was measured along one of the m-axes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-polar-plots-of-the-squareness-ratio-a-and-the-2l0rxn38.png FIG. 7. Polar plots of the squareness ratio (a) and the coercivity (b) for the 5 nm thick Fe film. Zero degree corresponds to one of the GaN m axes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-polar-plot-of-the-magnetising-energy-the-black-open-q3giygms.png FIG. 8. Polar plot of the magnetising energy. The black open squares represent the experimental data. The red and the blue lines represent the numerical fit by the “Bayreuther” and “Uniþ 3D Gao” expressions, respectively. Zero degree corresponds to one of the GaN m axes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-53-5-lm2-atomic-force-micrograph-of-the-surface-of-the-dqils2xz.png FIG. 1. 53 5 lm2 atomic force micrograph of the surface of the GaN(0001) template. Black spots indicate dislocations. The bar on the right indicates the contrast scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-x-ray-diffraction-pattern-of-the-sample-7-nm-au-5-nm-5osi4jj1.png FIG. 4. X-ray diffraction pattern of the sample (7 nm Au/5 nm Fe/2 nm MgO/GaN(0001)). The inset shows X-ray reflectometry data of the same sample. The black open squares represent the measured XRR data and the red line represents the best fit. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-relative-rheed-streak-separation-and-corresponding-3ra8c0vj.png TABLE I. Relative RHEED streak separation and corresponding lattice spacing (measured and bulk) along GaN 1120½ . https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-lattice-dynamics-of-dipolarly-disordered-2-3-1ewmlkczhq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-measured-and-calculated-amplitude-weighted-phonon-20a5smsi.png Figure 4. Measured and calculated amplitude weighted phonon density of states ḡ (ω) for 2,3-DMA-h14, d8, d14; (a) and (b) calculated ḡ (ω) after model 1 and model 2 respectively; (c) measured. The arrows indicate frequencies related to the librations of the methyl ḡ (ω). groups. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-frequencies-of-lattice-modes-for-a-crystal-with-20wsqkai.png Figure 10. (a) Frequencies of lattice modes for a crystal with rigid molecules. (b) Frequencies of phonons for a crystal where the molecules are rigid with the exception of the methyl rotations. (c) Calculated frequencies of the internal modes in the gas phase for 2,3-DMA-h14 (see table 3). The symbols for the different modes are used in (b) and (d). For more details see the text. (d) Frequencies of phonons calculated for a crystal with flexible molecules. The internal modes of (c) are added. All frequencies of the phonon modes are calculated for model 2 and for 2,3-DMA-h14 at the Γ-point (q = 0) for (a), (b) and (d). Notice that the three acoustic phonon modes with zero frequencies are not shown in (a), (b) and (d). The heights of the bars in (a), (b) and (d) give the mean values of the calculated neutron cross-sections of the Γ-modes. The heights of the bars in (c) have no meaning; these bars are only guides to the eyes for vibrational frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-atomic-numbering-scheme-and-the-molecular-2fkqw2nb.png Figure 1. The atomic numbering scheme and the molecular geometry used for the rigid body refinement. The distances are given in Å.. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-visualization-of-the-intramolecular-force-3st2z6o3.png Figure 11. Visualization of the intramolecular force constants. f stretch is the stretch force constant between atom k and k', f bend is the force constant describing the bending of the row of the atoms k, k', and k'' in the plane of the molecule, f torsion describes the torsion of the axis between atoms k' and k'' if the atoms k and k''' make out of plane displacements, and f out of plane describes the change of the angle of bond k–k''' perpendicular to the plane containing k, k', and k'''. The numbering of the atoms is indicated in fi gure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-calculated-mode-frequencies-for-energies-below-10-pk1qpiyu.png Table 3. Calculated mode frequencies for energies below 10 THz for different degrees of deuteration of the free 2,3-DMA molecule. See figure 8 for the displacement patterns. A (B) modes are (anti-) symmetric under C2 rotation around the molecular z-axis (see figure 1); the index 1 (2) characterizes modes, which are (anti-) symmetric under reflection at the x–z-plane of the molecule. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-displacement-pattern-of-the-phonon-of-4-64-thz-y3cz5sl7.png Figure 9. The displacement pattern of the phonon of 4.64 THz at the Γ-point (q = 0), which is different in shape from the pattern of the free molecule at 2.47 THz (see figure 8). Notice that the molecules are viewed along the b-axes of the unit cell, as indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-calculated-phonon-dispersion-curves-for-23-dma-d14-1e7nj8n5.png Figure 7. Calculated phonon dispersion curves for 2,3-DMA-d14 in a* and c* directions. The upper curves were calculated for a unit cell with an up-up configuration (model 1), the lower ones for an up–down configuration (model 2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-intramolecular-force-constants-values-in-units-of-1wee9hnm.png Table 4. Intramolecular force constants (values in units of 100 N m−1). For more details see the text and figure 11. The numbering of the atoms is given according to the scheme in figure 1. The results of the lattice dynamical calculations shown in figures 4 and 7 are performed with models, in which for f > 6 units the corresponding distortion is assumed to be rigid. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-liquid-fragility-in-sodium-carbonate-3b7e40qicw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-toc-graphic-32o8l2kq.png FIG. 5. TOC Graphic https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-mechanical-properties-of-a-low-density-568gevtvhr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-chemical-composition-of-the-typical-structural-5y0lsoqk.png Table 4 Chemical composition of the typical structural constituents in AlCrFeTi alloy after SPS and annealing at 1000◦С for 24 h (denoted with numbers in Fig. 5), measured by TEM-EDS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tem-bright-field-image-of-the-altifecr-alloy-after-sps-1a4w8q0a.png Fig. 5. TEM bright-field image of the AlTiFeCr alloy after SPS and annealing at 1000◦С for 24 h; typical structural constituents used for chemical analysis (Table 4) are numbered. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-composition-of-the-typical-structural-sqx28xlb.png Table 1 Chemical composition of the typical structural constituents in the AlCrFeTi alloy after SPS (numbered in Fig. 2c), as per SEM-EDS measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-equilibrium-phase-diagram-of-the-alcrfeti-alloy-383ju5rb.png Fig. 8. Equilibrium phase diagram of the AlCrFeTi alloy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-micro-and-nano-hardness-and-youngs-modulus-of-the-14f2rsgf.png Fig. 6. Micro- and nano-hardness and Young’s modulus of the AlCrFeTi alloy and its constitutive phases after SPS (a) and after SPS and further annealing at 1000◦С for 24 h (b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-fractions-and-chemical-compositions-of-the-1qh6e5vv.png Table 5 Fractions and chemical compositions of the equilibrium constitutive phases of the AlCrFeTi alloy at 900 ◦C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-engineering-compression-stress-strain-curves-of-the-3l2gjetw.png Fig. 7. Engineering compression stress-strain curves of the AlCrFeTi alloy after SPS (a) and after SPS and further annealing at 1000◦С for 24 h (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-the-alcrfeti-alloy-powder-after-2kvg3nhi.png Fig. 1. Structure of the AlCrFeTi alloy powder after mechanical alloying: (a) – XRD pattern; (b) – SEM image; (c–f) – EDS maps; (g) – TEM images with a corresponding selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern. Note that XRD for the alloy after SPS and SPS with subsequent annealing at 1000◦С are also shown in Fig. 1a. The observation area for the EDS maps is indicated with a red box in Fig. 1b. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-morphology-of-diamond-like-carbon-coated-on-2cdgo28jih 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dlc-deposition-parameters-ha0tnfy3.png Table 1 DLC deposition parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-surface-hardness-of-the-as-mold-polymer-and-dlc-r8xc6u3r.png Figure 4. Surface hardness of the as-mold polymer and DLC film coated thereon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-raman-scattering-spectrum-of-dlc-film-coated-onto-3f6ovon2.png Figure 3. Raman scattering spectrum of DLC film coated onto the polymer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-illustration-of-dlc-coating-equipment-for-207dsdiw.png Figure 1 Schematic illustration of DLC-coating equipment for PBIID process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-drfn30pj.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-morphology-of-shape-controlled-pd-nanocrystals-55nrr4dou4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representative-tem-image-of-the-pd-nanocubes-used-dhlais70.png Figure 1 Representative TEM image of the Pd nanocubes used in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-experimental-xrd-pattern-circles-wppm-refinement-1qoowbet.png Figure 8 Experimental XRD pattern (circles), WPPM refinement (red line) and difference (blue line). In the inset, the contribution of the Kapton capillary and TDS (line), and TDS alone (line below). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-extracts-of-an-hrtem-micrograph-showing-30kwtahv.png Figure 11 Extracts of an HRTEM micrograph showing irregularities on the surface facets and corners of the Pd nanoparticles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-cu-upd-fitting-on-the-pd-nanocubes-1s1eydma.png Figure 10 Cu UPD fitting on the Pd nanocubes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-electrochemical-characterization-of-pd-surfaces-cu-133f790m.png Figure 9 Electrochemical characterization of Pd surfaces. Cu UPD results for (a) polyoriented Pd bead before and after surface reconstruction and (b) cubic Pd nanoparticles. Test solution 0.1 M H2SO4 + 1 mM CuSO4 + 1 mM NaCl, scan rate 50 mV s 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-of-the-different-pd-nanoparticles-1jodu0xe.png Table 1 Statistics of the different Pd nanoparticles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-tem-distribution-obtained-as-the-sum-of-the-1o8jmse8.png Figure 2 (a) TEM distribution obtained as the sum of the distributions for the three batches considering the average of the two sides of the features seen in TEM images (bars) versus WPPM result (line). (b) WPPM result (line) versus particle-tilt-corrected TEM distribution (bars). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-illustration-of-the-effect-of-particle-tilting-on-327tof5c.png Figure 4 Illustration of the effect of particle tilting on the observed shape of the nanocubes. In the ideal case (cube lying on a face), squares should be observed in TEM images. Rectangles with a maximum of edge length ratio correspond to 45 tilting. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-properties-of-nanocomposites-based-on-ptt-3n07zzcsbv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-properties-of-ptt-ptmo-go-nanocomposites-xpozqoit.png Table 1 Physical properties of PTT-PTMO/GO nanocomposites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-lorentz-corrected-saxs-patterns-for-ptt-ptmo-go-ze7a4cgo.png Fig. 4. The Lorentz-corrected SAXS patterns for PTT-PTMO/GO nanocomposites and neat copolymer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-met-viscosity-versus-frequency-for-neat-ptt-ptmo-3g7s16wp.png Fig. 5. Met viscosity versus frequency for neat PTT-PTMO copolymer and PTT-PTMO/GO nanocomposites at temperature of 220 C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-thermal-properties-and-long-period-of-ptt-ptmo-go-29fjf9p6.png Table 2 Thermal properties and long period of PTT-PTMO/GO nanocomposites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dsc-thermograms-obtained-during-cooling-a-and-heating-19pd67hu.png Fig. 6. DSC thermograms obtained during cooling (a) and heating (b) for PTT-PTMO/GO nanocomposites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-stress-versus-strain-in-cyclic-tensile-tests-with-uw8v5dd8.png Fig. 8. The stress versus strain in cyclic tensile tests with various maximum strains (emax = 25%, 50%, 100%, 200%). A representative example of the step-cycle test for neat PTT-PTMO copolymer and PTT/PTMO nanocomposites with 0.5 and 0.7 wt% of GO. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-representative-stress-strain-curves-for-nanocomposites-mef3q1q1.png Fig. 7. Representative stress–strain curves for nanocomposites and neat PTT-PTMO copolymer. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-properties-of-mn4cl9-an-antiferromagnetic-3uwayhtjiv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-optimized-geometry-of-isomers-of-the-anionic-mn4cl9-1tgukwqs.png FIG. 1. Optimized geometry of isomers of the anionic Mn4Cl9− and their ZPE corrected relative energies at B3LYP/6-311+G* level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-optimized-structures-of-isomers-of-the-neutral-mn4cl9-280mtt15.png FIG. 2. Optimized structures of isomers of the neutral Mn4Cl9 and their ZPE corrected relative energies at B3LYP/6-311+G* level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-vdes-for-x-and-lix2-x-f-bo2-mn4cl9-skf7jdmg.png TABLE II. Comparison of VDEs for X−and LiX2−(X = F, BO2, Mn4Cl9). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-optimized-geometries-of-li-mn4cl9-2-a-and-mn4cl-9-b-26f8e384.png FIG. 8. Optimized geometries of Li(Mn4Cl9) − 2 (a) and Mn4Cl − 9 (b). All bond lengths are in (Å). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-between-experimental-and-calculated-vdes-aqmbrdi9.png TABLE I. Comparison between experimental and calculated VDEs values of MnkCl − 2k+1(k = 1∼4). All energies are in eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-nbo-charge-distribution-of-the-mn4cl-9-a-and-mn4cl9-b-d46c1ata.png FIG. 6. NBO charge distribution of the Mn4Cl − 9 (a) and Mn4Cl9 (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-highest-occupied-a-orbital-a-highest-occupied-b-2fs4cr7r.png FIG. 7. Highest occupied α orbital (a), highest occupied β orbital (b) of the anionic Mn4Cl9, and lowest unoccupied β orbital (c) of the neutral Mn4Cl9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spin-density-distribution-in-a-mn4cl9-b-mn4cl9-1oe9web8.png FIG. 4. Spin density distribution in (a) Mn4Cl9−, (b) Mn4Cl9 (isosurface value is 0.005). Magnetic moments (μB) at the Mn sites are shown in italics. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-properties-of-vacuum-arc-single-layer-and-4vpsok44bu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-elemental-composition-and-microhardness-n-of-30qn1x68.png Table 2 – Elemental composition and microhardness (Н) of specimens (series as shown in Table 1) before (а) and after (b) annealing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-energy-dispersive-spectra-of-series-5-coatings-1qgxhie4.png Fig. 2 – Energy dispersive spectra of Series 5 coatings, composition of [Ti(Al)]Nx/ZrNy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-areas-of-diffraction-spectra-of-the-ti-al-nx-zrny-36h67lis.png Fig. 4 – Areas of diffraction spectra of the [Ti(Al)]Nx/ZrNy coating before (а) and after (b) annealing: 1 – initial spectrum, 2 – result of profiles separation into components https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-modes-of-coating-formation-b5wz0qk7.png Table 1 – Modes of coating formation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-areas-of-diffraction-spectra-of-coatings-before-1-and-2g7lbufa.png Fig. 3 – Areas of diffraction spectra of coatings before (1) and after (2) annealing of specimens of Series: а – 1, b – 2, c – 3, d – 4, e – 5 at 700 °С during 40 min https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-reactivity-of-mono-cyclopentadienyl-vanadium-2kspormg86 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-selected-geometrical-data-for-cpv-e2-phc-cphc6h4-2e2v3b3l.png Table 4. Selected Geometrical Data for CpV(η2-PhC=CPhC6H4)(PMe3)2 (7) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-molecular-structure-of-cpv-e2-phc-cphc6h4-pme3-2-7-3gi7tn93.png Figure 4. Molecular structure of CpV(η2-PhC=CPhC6H4)(PMe3)2 (7). Thermal ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-molecular-structure-pf-cpv-nc-t-bu-n-c-tbu-c6h4-i8yp2rz9.png Figure 5. Molecular structure pf CpV[NC(t-Bu)N=C(tBu)C6H4](PMe3)2 (9). Thermal ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-selected-geometrical-data-for-cpv-nc-t-bu-n-c-t-bu-3bsfljgg.png Table 5. Selected Geometrical Data for CpV[NC(t-Bu)N=C(t-Bu)C6H4](PMe3)2 (9) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-geometrical-data-for-cpvcl-c-cph-pme3-2-2-3ea11jv0.png Table 1. Selected Geometrical Data for CpVCl(C≡CPh)(PMe3)2 (2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-molecular-structure-of-cpvcl-c-cph-pme3-2-2-only-hke5e8ie.png Figure 1. Molecular structure of CpVCl(C≡CPh)(PMe3)2 (2). Only one of the two very similar but crystallographically independent molecules is shown. Thermal ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-geometrical-data-for-cpv-c-cph-2-pme3-2-3-a-3ddqu7w2.png Table 2. Selected Geometrical Data for CpV(C≡CPh)2(PMe3)2 (3)a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-molecular-structure-of-cpv-c-cph-2-pme3-2-3-thermal-2cfl0y3d.png Figure 2. Molecular structure of CpV(C≡CPh)2(PMe3)2 (3). Thermal ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-variability-of-the-kuroshio-current-in-tokara-1r00vrr32y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-series-of-current-velocities-at-the-250-m-depth-zuha76nl.png FIG. 5. Time series of current velocities at the 250-m depth level of station 1 and the 290-m depth level of station 6. The upward direction is toward 1218 (along stream). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-time-series-upper-panel-and-amplitude-of-the-wavelet-n4yg41hj.png FIG. 11. Time series (upper panel) and amplitude of the wavelet analysis (lower panel) of along-stream component current velocity at the 290-m depth level of station 6. The data gap during Mar–Sep 1994 is padded with zeros in the wavelet analysis of the velocity anomaly. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-typical-kuroshio-large-meander-path-light-curve-2dovmyn9.png FIG. 1. (a) The typical Kuroshio large meander path (light curve) and nonlarge meander path (heavy curve) adopted from Kawabe (1995). The square box indicates the Tokara Strait region. (b) Bathymetry near Tokara Strait. Bathymetry data are obtained from the Japan Oceanographic Data Center. The dashed and dotted lines indicate 500-m and 300-m isobaths, respectively. The solid circles are the locations of the moorings and the arrows represent mean current velocity near 250-m depth at each mooring. The straight line indicates the location of a CTD section used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-scatterplots-of-current-velocities-at-the-250-m-and-wn9qp08w.png FIG. 6. Scatterplots of current velocities at the 250-m and 350-m depth levels of station 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-histogram-of-current-velocity-at-the-250-m-depth-level-dzjltfk0.png FIG. 7. Histogram of current velocity at the 250-m depth level of station 1 in the along and cross mean current velocity directions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-long-term-time-series-of-the-ne-component-of-station-1jl9oq3e.png FIG. 10. Long-term time series of the NE component of station 1, the alongstream and cross-stream components at the 290-m depth level of station 6, and the short-term kinetic energy at the 250-m depth level of station 1 and 290-m depth level of station 6 (using a 40-day moving window and further smoothing with a 61-day Hanning filter). The shaded areas indicate periods when the Kuroshio axis shifts northward (determined by the long-term NE component of station 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mooring-depths-and-time-coverage-the-light-dark-2q8xwyph.png FIG. 2. Mooring depths and time coverage. The light (dark) shading indicates periods when the Kuroshio axis shifts southward (northward) determined by low-frequency northeast velocity component at the 250-m depth level of station 1 (section 4a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-time-lag-correlation-between-the-ne-component-of-1k9jco00.png FIG. 14. Time lag correlation between the NE component of station 1 and the along-stream and cross-stream components of current velocity at the 290-m depth level of station 6 for the long-term variability. Positive values denote station 6 leads station 1. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-reactivity-of-supported-hybrid-platinum-4eraoroy94 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tga-profile-in-air-of-pt-hhdma-c-in-the-inset-drift-3r1bfcvm.png Figure 5. TGA profile in air of Pt-HHDMA/C. In the inset, DRIFT spectra at different temperatures (1−3) of the same catalyst. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tof-sims-a-31p-mas-nmr-b-and-p-2p-core-level-xps-c-1y0tyopb.png Figure 6. ToF SIMS (a), 31P MAS NMR (b), and P 2p core level XPS (c) of Pt-HHDMA/C. The inset in (b) highlights the interaction of the ligand with the Pt surface via an orthophosphate group. Color codes as specified in the caption of Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-conversion-at-different-temperatures-and-pressures-2c60wgzs.png Figure 7. Conversion at different temperatures and pressures during the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (a), chloronitrobenzene (b), and nitrostyrene (c) over Pt-HHDMA/C and Pt−Pb/CaCO3. Conditions: FG(H2) = 18 cm3 min−1, FL(nitroarene + THF) = 3 cm3 min−1. The contour maps were created by spline interpolation of 25 experimental points. At all conditions, both catalysts are fully selective to the aniline products. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-energy-profile-for-the-hydrogenation-of-4-2tfcui0v.png Figure 9. Energy profile for the hydrogenation of 4-chloronitrobenzene over Pt(111)-HHDMA (blue) and Pt3Pb(111) (red). The insets show the different states after addition of hydrogen to the nitroso compound over the Pt−Pb (top) and Pt-HHDMA (bottom) surfaces. Color codes as specified in the caption of Figure 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-flow-hydrogenation-of-a-3ehmmgue.png Figure 1. Illustration of the flow hydrogenation of a representative nitroaromatic compound (bottom) and structures of the Pt-HHDMA and Pt−Pb nanoparticles with an inset on the metal surface (top). Color codes: H (white), C (light gray), N (purple), O (red), P (orange), Pb (dark gray), and Pt (dark blue). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-high-throughput-flow-chemistry-technology-1wyuhy7d.png Figure 2. High-throughput flow chemistry technology consisting of six microreactors, enabling accelerated catalyst testing and quantitative kinetic studies of three-phase reactions in continuous operation. The picture on the right is a schematic representation of the catalyst particles during threephase hydrogenation and was created with the help of Blender, an open-source 3D computer graphics software. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-product-selectivity-in-at-40-conversion-in-the-iv973ueh.png Table 2. Product Selectivity (in %) at 40% Conversion in the Hydrogenation of Various Nitroaromatic Compounds over the Catalystsa https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-porosity-and-metal-dispersion-of-the-282hnnh0.png Table 1. Composition, Porosity, and Metal Dispersion of the Catalysts https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-rotation-of-young-massive-star-clusters-in-a-q034w81pwm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-mass-assembly-histories-top-and-star-formation-26c0ox5r.png Figure 7. The mass assembly histories (top) and star formation rates (bottom) of the three most massive clusters. The masses in the top row have been scaled by the bound mass at a cluster age of 10 Myr, and the stars have been separated into all cluster stars (solid lines) and cluster stars which formed within r80 (dashed lines) of the local center of mass. The gas mass within r80 is shown in the top row as a dotted line. All clusters are dominated by in-situ star formation with some contribution of smaller accreted star clusters. The SFRs have been calculated from the stellar ages of particles bound to each cluster at a mean stellar age of 10 Myr. The vertical lines show the epochs at which 50% (solid) and 10%–90% (dashed) of the stellar mass has formed, and the time interval of cluster star formation in which we perform most of our analysis (dotted vertical lines). Note that the dashed and solid lines describing all cluster stars and in-situ cluster stars overlap for some of the time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-line-of-sight-mass-weighted-mean-velocity-1nogoaam.png Figure 11. The line-of-sight mass weighted mean velocity, velocity dispersion and V/σ perpendicular to the angular momentum vector (i.e. edge-on), as well as the higher order Gauss-Hermite parameters h3 and h4 in the three most massive clusters 100 Myr after their formation. The cluster mass decreases from left to right and the cluster identification numbers from Fig. 5 are indicated in the top panels. The horizontal lines indicate the width of the slit used to calculate the radial profiles and the circles show the region within the half-mass radius. All Voronoi cells include at least 100 particles. The clusters show a clear anti-correlation between velocity and h3 with tentatively negative central values of h4. Note the different extents and color ranges in the different panels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-angular-misalignment-between-the-moment-of-11jzema3.png Figure 2. The angular misalignment between the moment of inertia (shortest principal axis) and the angular momentum vector in degrees within the half-mass radius in the young (< 20 Myr old) star clusters as a function of stellar mass (left) and the specific angular momentum (right) immediately after the starburst. The red points highlight the nine massive clusters we investigate in more detail. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-the-peak-velocity-within-2rh-per-central-velocity-32u902wu.png Figure 14. The peak velocity within 2rh per central velocity dispersion, Vpeak/σ0. The radial extent of Vpeak is limited to within 2rh following the typical maximum extent reached in observations. The three most massive clusters have been highlighted with the same colors as used in Fig. 11 right after the starburst (diamonds) and at a mean stellar age of 100 Myr, and the light blue diamond symbols show the other fairly massive rotating clusters right after the starburst. The Gaia DR2 data points for old Milky Way GCs are from Table 1 of Bianchini et al. (2018). The data points of the clusters shown in Fig. 11 are highlighted with black and the clusters with only upper limits reported in Bianchini et al. (2018) are shown as downward arrows. Note that all the observed Milky Way GCs have ages in excess of 10 Gyr. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-total-angular-momentum-in-gas-and-star-2v7k3izq.png Figure 10. The total angular momentum in gas and star particles which build up each of the three massive clusters in 1 Myr steps during their formation periods. The curves have been normalized to the initial value in gas in each cluster. The vertical lines indicate the epochs at which 10%, 50% and 90% of the final stellar mass has formed. This means that most of the gas has been consumed after the 90% indicator and explains why the gas angular momentum profile rapidly declines as a function of time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-cumulative-total-left-and-the-specific-right-qdfsjg3h.png Figure 9. The cumulative total (left) and the specific (right) angular momentum profiles of the three most massive clusters at an age of 10 Myr. The solid lines always show the total stellar mass, the dashed lines show the stellar mass formed in-situ (< r80), and the dotted lines show the accreted stellar mass. The vertical lines show the value of r80. The total angular momentum is dominated by in-situ stars, whereas the accreted stars have a higher specific angular momentum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-radial-profiles-of-the-dimensionless-lr-parameter-ea5hqxme.png Figure 15. Radial profiles of the dimensionless λR parameter (left) and the λR value as a function of intrinsic ellipticity at half-mass radius (right) in the nine analysed massive star clusters right after the starburst, as well as in the three most massive clusters once they reach 100 Myr in mean stellar age. The stellar masses in the young clusters increase with the darkness of the lines (datapoints) from yellow through green to purple and the old clusters are depicted with the same symbols as in Fig. 14. The small data points on the right show the projected values from 100 random lines-of-sight for each young cluster and the lines indicate the relation between and λR for an edge-on viewed oblate rotator with velocity anisotropy values of 0.0, 0.1 and 0.2 (as expressed in Fig. 3). The observed datapoints from Kamann et al. (2018a) and Harris (2010) show clusters with significant rotational signal identified in Kamann et al. (2018a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-radial-profiles-of-the-line-of-sight-velocity-left-3lnr5p5f.png Figure 13. Radial profiles of the line-of-sight velocity (left) and the velocity dispersion (right) perpendicular to the angular momentum vector in the three most massive clusters immediately after (fainter symbols) and 100 Myr after the starburst (darker symbols). The radial profiles have been calculated over a 2 pc slit along the plane of rotation (see fig. 11). The bars in the top right corner of the left hand panel show the reduction in the value of the peak velocity of each simulated profile if it were observed at a 45◦ inclination. The errorbars show the bootstrapped standard deviations. The observed profiles for 11 Milky Way GCs with masses between 1.88 × 105–3.55 × 106M from Bianchini et al. (2018) (left) and Baumgardt & Hilker (2018) (right) are shown underneath. The uppermost observed velocity dispersion profile represents the ω Cen. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-thermodynamics-of-drug-rna-aptamer-24rvswm8ne 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-neomycin-b-bound-to-rna-a-neomycin-b-aptamer-pdb-id-s2jqfmkx.png Figure 3. Neomycin B bound to RNA. A) Neomycin B aptamer, PDB ID 1NEM [77], B) HIV TAR, PDB https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rna-aptamers-black-complexed-with-small-molecules-2g5o3hu6.png Figure 4. RNA aptamers (black) complexed with small molecules (grey). A) Tetracycline aptamer complex, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hiv-related-rna-aptamers-aptamers-in-black-target-8izjukuq.png Figure 1. HIV related RNA aptamers. Aptamers in black, Target molecules in grey. A) TAR – TAR https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-rna-binding-thermodynamic-data-35w93odw.png Table 1: Summary of RNA Binding Thermodynamic Data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rna-aptamer-black-bound-to-protein-targets-grey-a-65dz2p5f.png Figure 2. RNA aptamer (black) bound to protein targets (grey) A) MS2 coat protein, PDB ID 1U1Y [56], https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-vp16-binding-of-the-mediator-med25-activator-2isy6y1q6g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-acid-with-known-activator-target-31d69mbt.png Figure 6 Comparison of ACID with known activator–target complexes. Activators are in orange and target domains are in silver. Depicted are ACID (this study), Tfb1–VP16 (ref. 21), NcoA-1–STAT6 (ref. 46), MDM2– p53 (ref. 47) and CBP-KIX–CREB-pKID (ref. 45). PDB codes are in parentheses underneath each structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-model-of-an-activated-transcription-initiation-2wed3rtp.png Figure 5 Model of an activated transcription initiation complex. A Pol II initiation complex was modeled on promoter DNA based on published results54,55, and DNA was extended with B-DNA. Blue, Mediator; orange, activators. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-water-attachment-rates-of-ice-in-the-pzbm7xoiti 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-probability-distribution-of-the-q6-on-the-solid-3dyozbre.png FIG. 2: Left: Probability distribution of the q̄6 on the solid (full lines) and liquid (dashed lines) phases for temperatures between 230 K and 270 K as indicated in the color code. Middle: Limiting values of q̄6 used to discriminate liquid from solid particles as a function of temperature. These values were obtained using the mislabeling criterion described by Espinosa et al. [83]. These limit values can be accurately fitted to a quadratic polynomial function: q̄6(T ) = 0.26266+0.0016474T − 4.8982 · 10−6T 2. Right: Atomistic view of the ice-vapor interface at T=230 K and of the trajectory of 20 water molecules that are shot to the ice surface. Water molecules identified with q̄6 as solid are shown as red sticks, and liquid molecules as dark blue spheres. The trajectories followed by the molecules are depicted as cyan spheres. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-basal-right-pi-premelting-thickness-at-zero-1hs3azak.png FIG. 2: Left: Probability distribution of the q̄6 on the solid (full lines) and liquid (dashed lines) phases for temperatures between 230 K and 270 K as indicated in the color code. Middle: Limiting values of q̄6 used to discriminate liquid from solid particles as a function of temperature. These values were obtained using the mislabeling criterion described by Espinosa et al. [83]. These limit values can be accurately fitted to a quadratic polynomial function: q̄6(T ) = 0.26266+0.0016474T − 4.8982 · 10−6T 2. Right: Atomistic view of the ice-vapor interface at T=230 K and of the trajectory of 20 water molecules that are shot to the ice surface. Water molecules identified with q̄6 as solid are shown as red sticks, and liquid molecules as dark blue spheres. The trajectories followed by the molecules are depicted as cyan spheres. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-equation-of-state-for-nitrogen-pressure-p-is-123mntgl.png TABLE I: Equation of State for nitrogen. Pressure (P) is expressed in units of 105 Pa, temperature (T) in K and density (ρ) in kg m−3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-density-profiles-of-nitrogen-as-a-function-of-3lk0yke5.png FIG. 7: Density profiles of nitrogen as a function of perpendicular distance to the ice-liquid surface z − hiw(x, y). For each temperature, density profiles correspond to pressures as indicated in Table III, with pressure increasing in the range from ca. 0.3 to ca. 1 bar from cold colors to warm colors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-attachment-coefficients-at-three-different-2390jtqw.png FIG. 11: Attachment coefficients at three different temperatures measured as a function of nitrogen partial pressure for T=230 K (blue), 260 (orange) and 270 (red). Filled circles correspond to data for the basal plane, and empty circles for the pI plane. Squares with similar color code show attachment coefficients calculated without counting trajectories that resulted in the back-scattering of water molecules with bulk nitrogen gas, as explained in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-second-virial-coefficient-b2-as-a-function-of-23bx4qmk.png TABLE II: Second virial coefficient B2 as a function of temperature. ∗ Three out layers were not included in the fit for B2(T ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-density-profiles-of-nitrogen-as-a-function-of-9cqydzk6.png FIG. 8: Density profiles of nitrogen as a function of perpendicular distance to the liquid-vapor surface z − hwv(x, y). For each temperature, density profiles correspond to pressures as indicated in Table III, with pressure increasing in the range from ca. 0.3 to ca. 1 bar from cold colors to warm colors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-the-number-of-liquid-like-molecules-as-ijq1yi6g.png FIG. 1: Comparison of the number of liquid-like molecules as determined from the q̄6 parameter and the CHILL+ algorithm.84. a) Results for the Basal plane. b) Results for the prismatic plane. Plots are shown from left to right at 270, 260, 250, 240 and 230 K, respectively. Blue: Runing number of liquid molecules during a simulation as obtained from the q̄6 parameter used in this work. Black: Runing number of liquid molecules as a function of time as extracted with the CHILL+ algorithm. Notice that the blue and black lines run almost parallel to each other, with a constant offset of about 12%. Other possible choices to determine the thickness of the premelting layer remain also largely correlated. Red: Runing number of molecules in liquid, cubic and clathrate like environments as obtained from the CHILL+ algorithm. Green: Runing number of molecules in liquid, cubic, clathrate, and interfacial hexagonal environments as obtained from the CHILL+ algorithm. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-based-virtual-screening-of-hypothetical-inhibitors-1g7y7i9vg4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-rmsd-map-showing-the-two-conformational-families-found-1cq0pkf0.png Fig. 5 RMSD map showing the two conformational families found during the MD simulation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-superposition-of-longiborneol-synthase-representative-3vhzqtln.png Fig. 6 Superposition of longiborneol synthase representative conformers at 100 ns MD simulation at 40 ns (in red) and 85 ns (in blue) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-protein-residue-ligand-interactions-revealed-by-fnzh38cb.png Table 4 The protein residue–ligand interactions revealed by the docking calculations. Hydrophobic interactions are represented by + andH-bounds by ++. All possible interactions are shown in Fig. S3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-longiborneol-biosynthesis-pathway-b-longiborneol-and-2k2sajtb.png Fig. 1 a Longiborneol biosynthesis pathway. b Longiborneol and culmorin chemical structures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-pocket-evolution-during-the-100-ns-md-grey-lines-2yriqfsi.png Fig. 7 a Pocket evolution during the 100 ns MD. Grey lines Volume/ surface for each conformation, red lines running average spanning 0.5 ns. bBinding pocket shapes (red) between the two representative conformers at 40 ns and 85 ns, respectively. The protein structures are presented as helices cartoons (purple) and the active site residues are depicted as CPK drawings https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-chemical-formula-of-candidate-compounds-1qajop1i.png Fig. 10 Chemical formula of candidate compounds https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-position-of-the-three-highest-gold-score-selected-c7ymfwwm.png Fig. 9 Position of the three highest GOLD score selected compounds D7119982499, D7117231002 and D1306769 within their binding pocket, showing interactions found between the protein and the ligands https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-protein-databank-pdb-templates-proposed-by-homology-1s0f1876.png Table 1 Protein databank (PDB) templates proposed by homology servers for longiborneol synthase [50–56] https://scispace.com/papers/structure-based-methyl-resonance-assignment-with-methylflya-1lqgwna4bj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-methylflya-performance-with-reduced-data-input-a-2ybew8bu.png Fig. 3 MethylFLYA performance with reduced data input. a Geminal methyl groups of Leu/Val residues can be linked with a short-mixing time NOESY experiment on an exclusively double methyl-labeled ([13δ1/13δ2]-Leu, [13γ1/13γ2]-Val) protein sample. In the NOESY plane of each Leu/Val methyl resonance, a strong signal from its geminal methyl resonance is observed (right). b Different possibilities for treating Leu/Val methyl resonances in https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-methylflya-performance-with-automatic-peak-picking-3cuc9xr4.png Fig. 4 MethylFLYA performance with automatic peak picking using CYPICK. a An outline of the combined CYPICK-MethylFLYA assignment protocol (see Methods). “Type labeling”refers to the attribution of methyl resonances to amino-acid types (e.g. Ala, Ile, Leu, Val). b Comparison of https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-methyl-resonance-assignment-statistics-32ccfuaj.png Table 1 Methyl resonance assignment statistics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-methylflya-magma-map-xsii-and-flamengo2-u8qchb28.png Fig. 5 Comparison of MethylFLYA, MAGMA, MAP-XSII, and FLAMEnGO2.0. a The number of correctly and erroneously strongly (i.e. confidently) assigned methyl resonances for each of the cases is shown. Asterisks are given in the places where no confident (100%) assignments could be obtained with the FLAMEnGO2.0 software. b Mutual agreement of the methyl group resonance assignments among the four methods. Numbers of assigned https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-methylflya-performance-on-the-benchmark-a-number-of-1w6u1vh3.png Fig. 2 MethylFLYA performance on the benchmark. a Number of methyl–methyl NOEs before and after filtering of manually picked NOESY peak lists (see Results, Benchmark data). bMethylFLYA performance on filtered (black) and “raw” (unfiltered) manually picked NOESY peak lists (gray). c Methyl groups assigned as strong (confident) by MethylFLYA with filtered NOESY peak lists are indicated with colored spheres in the 3D structures of the benchmark proteins. The colors indicate the amino-acid types of the assigned groups, with non-assigned groups colored white https://scispace.com/papers/structure-directed-sampling-reconstruction-and-data-557ozxp3vp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-gains-from-sparse-sampling-lzmu2qgq.png Fig. 1: Gains from Sparse Sampling https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-adaptive-and-simple-subdivision-2nivq99a.png Fig. 2: Comparison of Adaptive and Simple Subdivision https://scispace.com/papers/structure-guided-enhancement-of-selectivity-of-chemical-3mgvs9c93d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-binding-of-sersa-and-compound-8-to-2sms8g60.png Figure 3: Comparison of binding of SerSA and compound 8 to EcSerRS active site. a: The chemical structures of the compounds used in this study. b: Pyridyl group of compound 8 (circled) positioned in the active site. c: Interactions of compound 8 (green sticks) with EcSerRS. Hydrogen bond interactions are shown as black dashes. d: Superposition of EcSerRS:SerSA (blue, PDB ID:6R1M) with EcSerRS:compound 8 (PDB ID:6R1O). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-binding-modes-of-designed-seryl-sulfamoyl-adenylate-1bl6rtb8.png Figure 2: Binding modes of designed seryl sulfamoyl adenylate selectivity probes. (a) 3D spatial representation of the seryl sulfamoyl adenylate derivatives indicating C-2 position where SAR study was focussed (yellow dashed line). (b) Structural overlay of SaSerRS (Grey, PDB ID 6R1N) and HsSerRS (Yellow, PDB ID: 4L87) active site showing the key residue change near the 2 position of the sulfamoyl adenylate inhibitor from Gly390 in the bacterial form to Thr434 in the human form. (c) Predicted binding modes of seryl sulfamoyl adenylates to SaSerRS (PDB ID 6R1N) using AutoDock 4.2. (d) Predicted binding modes of seryl sulfamoyl adenylates to HsSerRS using AutoDock 4.2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ic50-values-of-designed-chemical-probes-against-2uwzgey1.png Table 1: IC50 values of designed chemical probes against seryl-tRNA synthetases. Assays were conducted as reported.7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-second-binding-site-of-compound-8-to-ecserrs-a-jqv2cm60.png Figure 4: Second binding site of compound 8 to EcSerRS. a: Binding positions of compound 8 to EcSerRS. b: Overlay of EcSerRS:compound 8 (wheat, PDB ID: 6R1O) with Candida albicans SerRS (blue, PDB ID: 3QO8) c: Overlay of Fo-Fc omit map of compound 8 in EcSerRS active site contoured at σ 3. d: Interaction of two molecules of compound 8 (boxed) from EcSerRS symmetry-related molecules. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-binding-mode-of-sersa-to-e-coli-and-s-aureus-serrs-3m662acl.png Figure 1: Binding mode of SerSA to E. coli and S. aureus SerRS. a: Superposition of EcSerRS (blue, PDB ID: 6R1M) and SaSerRS (gold, PBD ID: 6R1N) with SerSA bound (boxed). b: Interactions of SerSA (green sticks) with EcSerRS chain A. Water represented as a red sphere. Hydrogen bond interactions shown as black dashes. c: Interactions of SerSA with SaSerRS. Coordinated magnesium ion represented as a green sphere. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-matters-adoption-of-structured-classification-mxx2urbbw8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-results-36626tfx.png Table 2. Comparison of Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cognitive-presence-coding-21czc7ha.png Table 1. Cognitive Presence Coding https://scispace.com/papers/structure-function-relationships-of-the-polypyrimidine-tract-4bizyzvuwx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-structure-of-the-free-ptb-a-domain-composition-11fe2jtq.png Figure 3. The structure of the free PTB. (a) Domain composition of PTB1. The gray, blue, green and red boxes indicate the location of the RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), the RNP2 and RNP1 sequences, and the extended domain comprising the additional b5 strand, respectively. The amino acid sequences of RNP1 and RNP2 of each RRM and of a consensus RRM (RRM-CS) are shown as well as the amino acid sequences of the two other isoforms of PTB, PTB2 and PTB4. Structures of RRM1 [82] (b), RRM2 [82] (c), RRM4 [79, 80] (d) and RRM3 [79, 80] (e) in their free form. The ribbons of the RRMs are shown in gray and the ribbons of the C-terminal extensions are shown in red. Side-chains of important residues are shown in gray. ( f ) Stereoview of the interacting domains RRM3 andRRM4 in the free form [80]. The ribbons of theRRMsare shown in gray and the ribbonsof theC-terminal extensions and the interdomain linker are shown in red. Protein side-chains contributing to the interdomain interface are shown in blue (RRM3), green (RRM4) and black (linker), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-polypyrimidine-tract-binding-protein-ptb-is-a-38g5jcjk.png Figure 1. Polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) is a ubiquitous regulator of alternative splicing that influences different types of alternative-splicing events (a) PTB represses theN1 “cassette-exon” in the c-src pre-mRNA[7, 9, 10, 103]. (b) PTB represses the “mutually exclusive” SM exon of the a-actinin mRNA [12, 13]. (c) PTB regulates the choice of the 3’-terminal exon of the calcitonin/CGRPmRNA [104]. (d) PTB autoregulates its own splicing and itsmRNA level by repressing the inclusion of its own exon 11. Skipping of exon 11 of PTB mRNA leads to non-sense-mediated decay (NMD) [16]. Black boxes indicate the location of pyrimidine tracts bound by PTB. Intronic sequences are shown in yellow, while colored boxes indicate exonic sequences. Arrows indicates splicing in the presence (+) or absence (–) of PTB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-structure-of-ptb-bound-to-rna-and-raver1-3ten0qxi.png Figure 4. The structure of PTB bound to RNA and Raver1. Structures of PTBRRM1 (a), RRM2 (b), RRM4 (c) and RRM3 (d) bound to CUCUCURNA [85]. (e) Structure of RRM34 in complex with two pyrimidine tracts [85]. ( f ) Model of RRM2 bound to a peptide (P496D507) from Raver1 [88]. PTB side-chains involved in binding RNA are shown in black. RNA is shown in orange and Raver1 is shown in green. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ptb-regulates-internal-ribosomal-entry-site-ires-alrn37pm.png Figure 2. PTB regulates internal ribosomal entry site (IRES)-mediated translation initiation of many viral and cellular mRNAs. The secondary structures of two viral IRESs are shown: (a) FMDV (foot and mouse disease virus) [50] and (b) EMCV (encephalomyocarditis virus) [50]. The secondary structures of three cellular IRESs are shown: (c) APAF-1 (apoptosis protease activating factor 1) [56], (d) Artificial IRES [53] and (e) MTG8a [53]. Black lines indicate the locations of the pyrimidine tracts bound by PTB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mechanisms-of-splicing-repression-by-ptb-a-ptb-3fupdgku.png Figure 5. Mechanisms of splicing repression by PTB. (a) PTB could repress splicing by looping out either a branch-point adenine [22] or (b) an alternative exon [25, 104]. (c) Model of cooperative binding around an alternative exon that requires binding of multiple PTB molecules [10]. (d)Model of howPTB and Raver1 can cooperate to loop out and therefore repress the splicing of an alternative exon that is flanked by distant intronic pyrimidine tracts [88]. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-guided-design-of-a-synthetic-mimic-of-an-epcr-d6jcuoryl5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-targeting-of-the-synthetic-binder-by-antibodies-11a4mlm5.png Figure 3: Targeting of the synthetic binder by antibodies from immunized rats or from humans from malaria endemic regions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structural-and-biophysical-characterization-of-the-8q3y49e7.png Figure 2: Structural and biophysical characterization of the synthetic binder https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-immunogenicity-of-the-synthetic-binder-a-antibodies-35s4gocr.png Figure 4: Immunogenicity of the synthetic binder A. Antibodies from rats immunized with synthetic binder were affinity purified using either HB3var03 CIDRa1.4 domain or the synthetic binder. These were assessed for their ability to prevent CIDRa1.4 domain from binding to EPCR. Protein alone indicates binding of EPCR in the absence of antibody. Total IgG shows EPCR binding in the presence of 0.40mg/ml total IgG. RT IgG shows EPCR binding in the presence of antibodies that did not bind to the affinity column. The remaining columns show EPCR binding in the presence of affinity purified antibodies at different dilutions. All data are expressed as a percentage of the binding in the absence of antibody (protein only). B. Prevention of CIDRa1 binding to EPCR by rat antibodies was quantified at 25µg/ml. Antibodies were from rats immunized either with the synthetic binder or the HB3var03 CIDRa1.4 domain. Binding in the presence of Total IgG or of IgG affinity purified on the synthetic binder or the HB3var03 CIDRa1.4 domain was expressed as fraction of the binding in the absence of antibody (protein alone). C. IgG from rats immunized with synthetic binder was tested against a panel of CIDRa domains, either as total IgG, or after affinity purification on the synthetic binder or a HB3var03 CIDRa1.4 domain. The CIDRa2 and a5 domains are not expected to bind EPCR. The upper panel shows IgG binding levels (in mean fluorescence intensity, MFI). The lower panel shows the inhibition of the binding of these CIDRa domains to EPCR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-design-of-a-synthetic-epcr-binder-1sfww8fo.png Figure 1: Design of a synthetic EPCR binder https://scispace.com/papers/structure-of-copper-4-n-n-dimethylamino-pyridine-complexes-1ympvadmoe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-absorbances-of-both-mononuclear-complexes-are-26y2u86s.png Fig. 8 the absorbances of both mononuclear complexes are given as a function of DMAP/Cu. The difference is striking and should be compared with the curves of R us. DMAP/Cu for the corresponding complexes (see Fig. 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-charge-transfer-absorbance-act-at-366-nm-as-a-function-6s7i1mii.png Fig. 6. Charge-transfer absorbance (ACT) at 366 nm as a function of DMAP/Cu for the system with Cu 2’:DMAP:C1-:N03‘-:BF4:(OH-)e = 1:n:2:0:0:0. Standard conditions (see experimental), no DMP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dioxygen-consumption-rate-r-as-a-function-of-cl-cu-1zg56dpd.png Fig. 3. Dioxygen consumption rate R as a function of Cl/Cu. Standard conditions (see experimental). CU~+:DMAP:C~-:NO~:BFJ-:(OH-)~ for 0 = 1:4:n:2:0:1; for l = 1:4: n:2:0:0. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-of-cartoons-narrative-skills-and-perception-of-3j06v37r6c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-students-perception-of-values-and-countervalues-3vg7ds4v.png Table 3 Students’ perception of values and countervalues according to the structure of the episode, grade-age and sex https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-students-narrative-skill-according-to-the-structure-3gjadytd.png Table 2 Students’ narrative skill according to the structure of the episode, grade-age and sex https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-the-categorisation-of-students-3t2it7fm.png Table 1 Examples of the categorisation of students’ perception of values and countervalues according to the structure of the episode https://scispace.com/papers/structure-of-molybdenum-oxide-supported-on-silica-sba-15-2u0zx9dksr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mo-k-edge-xafs-k-of-dehydrated-moxoy-sba-15-with-a-1-0-2xylhol4.png Fig. 4: Mo K edge XAFS (k) of dehydrated MoxOy/SBA-15 with (a) 1.0 wt% Mo; 0.2 Mo/nm2 and (b) 5.5 wt% Mo; 0.6 Mo/nm2 after thermal treatment in 5% oxygen in He at 350°C. The spectra are offset for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mo-k-edge-xanes-spectra-of-dehydrated-moxoy-sba-15-n1cqlkns.png Fig. 5: Mo K edge XANES spectra of dehydrated MoxOy/SBA-15 with 5.5 wt% Mo; 0.6 Mo/nm2 (solid) and 1.0 wt% Mo; 0.2 Mo/nm2 (dotted). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-evolution-of-mo-k-edge-ft-k-k3-of-moxoy-sba-15-with-5-12nobkxz.png Fig. 6: Evolution of Mo K edge FT((k)∙k3) of MoxOy/SBA-15 with 5.5 wt% Mo; 0.6 Mo/nm2 during thermal treatment in 5% oxygen in He in the temperature range from 27°C to 350°C (5 K/min). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-refinement-of-sum-dotted-of-xanes-spectra-of-1vc3pa02.png Fig. 8: Refinement of sum (dotted) of XANES spectra of references MoO3 and Na2MoO4 (dashed) to Mo K edge XANES spectrum of dehydrated MoxOy/SBA-15 with 5.5 wt% Mo-loading; 0.6 Mo/nm2 (solid). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-mo-k-edge-xanes-spectra-top-and-mo-k-edge-ft-k-k3-1tw77y1f.png Fig. 7: Mo K edge XANES spectra (top) and Mo K edge FT((k)∙k3) (bottom) of (a) dehydrated MoxOy/SBA-15 (5.5 wt% Mo; 0.6 Mo/nm2) together with reference oxides (b) Na2MoO4, (c) α-MoO3, (d) Na2Mo2O7. The spectra are offset for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-experimental-and-theoretical-dotted-mo-k-edge-ft-k-k3-18bdayl1.png Fig. 9: Experimental and theoretical (dotted) Mo K edge FT((k)*k3) of dehydrated MoxOy/SBA-15 with 5.5 wt% Moloading; 0.6 Mo/nm2. Mo-O and Mo-Mo distances are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-type-number-n-and-xafs-disorder-parameters-2-of-2u8hz3wk.png Table 2: Type, number (N), and XAFS disorder parameters (2) of atoms at distance R from the Mo atoms in MoxOy species in dehydrated MoxOy/SBA-15. Experimental parameters were obtained from a refinement of a hexagonal MoO3 model structure to the experimental Mo K edge XAFS (k) of dehydrated MoxOy/SBA15 (Fig. 10) (k range from 3.6 to 14.4 Å-1, R range from 0.9 to 4.0 Å, E0 = 8.0 eV, residual ~ 10.6, Nind = 23, Nfree = 13). Confidence limits in distances and 2 parameters are indicated. Subscript C indicates parameters that were correlated in the refinement. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-surface-and-porosity-characteristics-of-the-moxoy-qswz9yz6.png Table 1: Surface and porosity characteristics of the MoxOy/SBA-15 samples and bare SBA-15 https://scispace.com/papers/structure-of-laminar-sooting-inverse-diffusion-flames-3dajczn8iv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-radial-profiles-of-plif-detected-with-340-nm-band-3soy19mv.png Figure 12: Radial profiles of PLIF detected with 340 nm band-pass filter, PLIF detected with a 450 nm short-pass filter, soot PLII, and temperature measurements in a 1.6 slpm air flow rate ethylene IDF at axial positions of (a) 11 mm, (b) 15 mm, and (c) 20 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-visible-color-images-of-ethylene-air-idfs-with-emp3tii2.png Figure 7: Visible color images of ethylene-air IDFs with contours of the peak time-averaged PLIF and PLII signals overlaid. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-radially-integrated-pah-plif-detected-with-a-450-2h2963x3.png Figure 16: Radially integrated PAH PLIF detected with a 450 nm short-pass filter in methane IDFs versus axial position from 0 mm to 45 mm (a), and from 26 mm to 71 mm (b) above the burner. Drop down lines indicate stoichiometric flame height. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-color-maps-of-time-averaged-oh-and-pah-plif-2w4bkar4.png Figure 8: Color-maps of time-averaged OH and PAH PLIF detected with 340 nm band-pass filter from methane IDFs of varying air flow rates with contours of peak PLIF overlaid in white. The intensity of the PLIF signals is divided by a scaling factor of 6200 and color-mapped such that black, blue, green, red, and white represent increasing intensity, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-instantaneous-images-of-1-0-slpm-air-flow-rate-liy7g01g.png Figure 3: Two instantaneous images of 1.0-slpm air flow rate ethylene IDF. (a) OH and PAH PLIF detected with 340 nm band-pass filter. (b) Soot PLII. The top figures show images of the flames from 23 mm to 74 mm above the burner, and the bottom figures show images of the flames from the 0 mm to 48 mm above the burner. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-peak-radially-integrated-pah-plif-as-a-function-of-34i7u27j.png Figure 11: Peak radially integrated PAH PLIF as a function of air flow rate for all methane and ethylene IDFs detected in two wavelength bands. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spatial-variation-in-the-laser-beam-profile-2tdrmzjz.png Figure 2: Spatial variation in the laser beam profile, measured from Rayleigh scattering through room temperature air, and soot PLII correction function, both normalized by maximum laser fluence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-two-instantaneous-images-of-2-2-slpm-air-flow-rate-27bki51d.png Figure 4: Two instantaneous images of 2.2-slpm air flow rate ethylene IDF. (a) OH and PAH PLIF detected with 340 nm band-pass filter. (b) Soot PLII. The top figures show images of the flames from 23 mm to 74 mm above the burner, and the bottom figures show images of the flames from the 0 mm to 48 mm above the burner. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-of-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-phe-trna-synthetase-3ems2wfhe4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frs-structures-in-the-protein-data-bank-s8n1jjlh.png Table 1. FRS structures in the Protein Data Bank. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-processing-and-refinement-statistics-1goy8trs.png Table 2. Data processing and refinement statistics. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-of-naturally-hydrated-ferrihydrite-revealed-2lk5noi5sx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-dft-optimized-single-phase-2l-ferrihydrite-the-1p7mn9ap.png FIG. 5. (a) DFT-optimized single-phase 2L ferrihydrite. The tetrahedral Fe ions are shown in green and the octahedral Fe ions in orange. In this new structure, the tetrahedral Fe site is reduced by 17% compared to the original single-phase model [15]. The new Fetet-O bond lengths are 1.883 (blue-banded) and 1.864 Å (red-banded). The directly bonded oxygen atoms for the example tetrahedral sites are shown in dark blue, all other oxygen ions are shown in red and hydrogen in white. For clarity, some ions have been removed from the illustration to make the example tetrahedral sites completely visible, and all surfaces have periodic boundary conditions. (b) Simulated XRD patterns for the previous (black) and refined (red) single-phase models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-relative-to-fe-elemental-abundances-of-synthesized-1ueqqlw0.png TABLE II. Relative (to Fe) elemental abundances of synthesized two-line ferrihydrite. The mineral is principally composed of iron, oxygen, and hydrogen—quantified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), Unterzaucher pyrolysis and Dumas combustion, respectively. Trace levels of carbon and chlorine arising from the mineral synthesis were detected via Dumas combustion and the oxygen flask method but play no fundamental role in the mineral structure. Around 23% of the sample composition (63% of the oxygen) was inferred from the inevitable formation of iron oxides during pyrolysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-ferrihydrite-x-ray-powder-diffraction-pattern-8tl7ms2z.png FIG. 1. (a) Ferrihydrite x-ray powder diffraction pattern, overlaid with reflections for two-line Fh. (b) Fitting of the NIMROD experimental data to a simple spherical model. (c) Distribution of nanoparticle sizes within the sample as determined by NIMROD: peak radius is 17 Å. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-neutron-diffraction-generated-all-ion-pdf-for-fully-2d3k5d0v.png FIG. 2. Neutron-diffraction generated all-ion PDF for fully hydrated synthesized two-line ferrihydrite. The large negative trough at 0.95 Å is accounted for by an O-H correlation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-split-all-ion-pdf-of-the-single-phase-two-line-214gnzrz.png FIG. 4. The split all-ion PDF of the single-phase two-line model [15]. The all-ion PDF is shown in black in each frame and the individual PDFs are shown in red: (a) all-ion, (b) Fe-Fe, (c) Fe-O, (d) O-O, (e) Fe-H, and (f) O-H. The H-H PDF only has a very minor effect on the all-ion PDF and has, for clarity, not been shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-neutron-diffraction-generated-all-ion-pdf-for-3k4ou5s4.png FIG. 3. Neutron-diffraction generated all-ion PDF for synthetic two-line ferrihydrite (black) compared with, in red, (a) the all-ion PDF of the original single-phase two-line model [15] and (b) the three-phase model [10]. The fully crystalline model PDFs have been attenuated using an exponential function, G(r) = G(r)0 e −0.234r, to mimic the decay signal at larger distances (r values) that would be found in a nanoparticulate sample. This exponential was intended not as a fit to the experimental data, but simply to remove the long-range crystallinity inherent in the modelled PDFs. The insets show peak A, which represents the first Fe-O bond length, in detail. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-complete-structural-parameters-for-the-new-a4i0oz4y.png TABLE IV. Complete structural parameters for the new DFToptimized ferrihydrite model. The structure was optimized with a P1 space group to allow the structure to relax with complete freedom. On completion, the space group was recalculated and found to be P63mc with a maximum deviation from symmetry of 0.51× 10−14 Å. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-lattice-parameters-of-the-newdft-optimized-1mv098th.png TABLE III. Lattice parameters of the newDFT-optimized ferrihydrite model, compared to the two-line single-phase model of Michel et al. [15]. The percent values in brackets, are the difference between the given DFT model and that of Michel et al. [15]. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-of-neutron-rich-tungsten-nuclei-and-evidence-for-a-5lxs4ztpwh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-curves-in-188w-and-190w-a-and-b-intensity-of-g-yzajc27f.png FIG. 3. Time curves in 188W and 190W: (a) and (b) intensity of γ -ray coincidence events in the two ground-state bands, measured in the 825 ns between beam pulses; (c) intensity of the 324- and 356-keV γ rays that lie above the 1742-keV isomer in 190W, measured in spectra requiring that they are detected prior to transitions in the ground-state band; (d) intensity of γ -γ coincidences in the ground-state band of 190W measured in the 400-µs out-of-beam region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-coincidence-spectra-with-various-gating-conditions-a-3i7w4udg.png FIG. 2. Coincidence spectra with various gating conditions: (a) sum of 42 double-gated, out-of-beam spectra showing transitions below the 8− isomer in 188W; (b) sum of 358-206- and 358-484-keV double-gated spectra, showing the ground-state band in 190W; (c) sum of 206-592-, 358-592-, and 484-592-keV double-gated spectra chosen to enhance both ground-state band transitions in 190W above 8+ as well as the 102-keV decay from the 8+ isomer; (d) in-beam and (e) out-of-beam spectra gated on six clean pairs of γ rays below the 8+ isomer in 190W, projecting γ rays emitted 30–800 ns earlier in time. Filled circles denote contaminants. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-partial-level-schemes-for-188w-and-190w-showing-states-2xieunz3.png FIG. 1. Partial level schemes for 188W and 190W showing states associated with the new isomers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-calculated-selected-two-particle-states-in-186w-188w-1i4visgz.png FIG. 4. Calculated selected two-particle states in 186W, 188W, and 190W relative to the 5+ state in 186W. The solid (dashed) lines connect states with the same two-neutron (two-proton) configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-measured-transition-strengths-for-isomeric-211dbmw4.png TABLE I. Measured transition strengths for isomeric transitions in 188W and 190W. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-of-plant-psi-plastocyanin-complex-reveals-strong-58d08hc473 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-solvent-accessible-surface-area-sasa-analysis-of-pc-3l2nkwf8.png Table 1: Solvent accessible surface area (SASA) analysis of Pc, PsaA and PsaB showing a hydrophobic binding area formation during PSI-Pc association. Total - SASA for each residue in Å2; Ratio – https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-in-silico-model-of-pc-dissociation-from-psi-a-reduced-3sj64hm3.png Fig. 2. In-silico model of Pc dissociation from PSI. (A) Reduced Pc bound to PSI. Pc acidic patch is colored in magenta, Pc is colored marine, PSI in forest, PsaF in greencyan and P700 in sand. (B) Oxidized Pc (PDB 4DP9) bound to PSI in-silico. Acidic patches undergo a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-psaa-residues-arg647-and-asp648-are-required-for-an-cdsqpkpg.png Fig. 3. PsaA residues Arg647 and Asp648 are required for an efficient binding of the electron donor Pc. (A) Second-order rate constant of P700+ reduction by pc (5 μM) at increasing MgCl2 concentrations. The ionic strength is increased by adding small amounts of concentrated MgCl2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-photosystem-i-in-complex-with-reduced-pc-2re7tdxn.png Fig. 1. Structure of Photosystem I in-complex with reduced Pc and analysis of the solvent inaccessible region formed by their bound interfaces. (A) Side view of PSI-Pc complex. (B) Electrostatic potential analysis of the Pc binding surface formed by PsaA-PsaB. (C) Zoom-in on https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-p700-reduction-by-pc-is-dependent-on-ionic-strength-ajcukzrr.png Fig. 4. P700 reduction by Pc is dependent on ionic strength and solvent pH. (A) Kinetics of P700+ reduction in plant PSI derived from dissolved crystals in the presence of ascorbate and https://scispace.com/papers/structure-of-neutron-stars-in-r-squared-gravity-158giratn9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-top-panel-profile-of-the-of-the-first-dotted-line-and-4jgssa82.png Fig. 4 Top panel: Profile of the of the first (dotted line) and second (continuous line) logarithmic derivatives of the SLY EoS in the NS interior. Middle and Bottom panels: Profiles of the ratio between the radial component of the metric at order zero (GR), and at first order (g0 rr /grr) for α = +0.2 and −0.2 km2, which should be close to 1.0 as a necessary condition of the pertubative method. The perturbative deviations are closely related with the behaviour of the second-order derivative of the EoS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-zoom-in-of-the-the-mass-and-density-profiles-close-of-1q114d8n.png Fig. 3 Zoom-in of the the mass and density profiles close of the surface of the NS for the SLY EoS shown in Figure 2, for ρc = 1015.4 and 1014.6 gr cm−3. For the value of the α parameter –0.2 km2 (+0.2 km2) the mass increases (decreases) roughly 10% respect to de GR case (α = 0), for both low and high central densities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-profiles-of-the-internal-structure-of-nss-for-two-3bu5ooj4.png Fig. 2 Profiles of the internal structure of NSs for two extreme cases of low and high central densities, ρc = 1014.6 and 1015.4 gr cm−3, and for three different values of the α parameter (+0.2, 0.0 and –0.2 km2), where α = 0.0 corresponds to GR case. On the left (right) panel profiles corresponding to the SLY (POLY) EoS are shown. A zoom-in of the mass profile close to the NS surface is shown in Figure 3. At low central density values the effect on the integrated mass can still represent a deviation as much as ≤ 10% from the GR mass. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mass-radius-m-r-relations-for-the-two-selected-eos-sly-1jsh5t3m.png Fig. 1 Mass-radius (M⋆ − R⋆) relations for the two selected EoS: SLY and POLY (left and right, respectively), considering seven values for the α parameter, which are indicated above in km2 units. All the curves correspond to values of central density, ρc, in the range 1014.6−1015.9 gr cm−3. The crosses indicate the maximum mass for each curve, assuming a necessary condition for equilibrium: dM/dρc > 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-profile-of-the-mass-gradient-dm-dr-thick-line-close-to-13yt5z5j.png Fig. 5 Profile of the mass gradient, dm/dr (thick line), close to the surface of the NSs for SLY (left panel) and POLY (right panel) EoSs. Deviations of the mass profile from the GR case are much more importante for the realistic SLY EoS. Note that the dashed line indicates zeroth-order (GR) term and the continuous with plus signs line indicates the contribution of the C ∝ R′′ 0 /R0 term. Lower panels zoomed-in to show in detail the contribution of the minor perturbative terms, indicated in the legend. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-same-as-figure-5-for-other-three-sly-cases-log-rc-gr-15vwa1gb.png Fig. 6 Same as Figure 5 for other three SLY cases: log ρc [gr cm−3] = 15.4 (left) and 14.6 (center and right). The central and right plots compare the effects of changing the sign of α, which is indicated in km2 units. The same values, i.e. α = −0.2 (left) and +0.2 (Fig 5, left pannel) are shown for a large central density. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-of-rat-odorant-binding-protein-obp1-at-1-6-a-73kfl0hxip 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-x-ray-data-and-refinement-statistics-2mvwy6i0.png Table 1 X-ray data and refinement statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sedimentation-velocity-analytical-eivdjilx.png Figure 5 Sedimentation-velocity analytical ultracentrifugation of OBP1. c(M) distributions of OBP1 with (closed circles) and without (open circles) the presence of a twofold molar excess of linalool are shown. The dashed line indicates the calculated mass of the apoprotein. Data were acquired using a Beckman-Coulter XL-A analytical ultracentrifuge. The protein concentration was 1.27 mg ml 1 in PBS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sequence-alignment-of-obp1-aphrodisin-bovine-q8knf6ah.png Figure 7 Sequence alignment of OBP1, aphrodisin, bovine lipocalin allergen (BLA), mouse major urinary protein (MUP), porcine OBP (OBPp), bovine OBP (OBPb) and major horse allergen (MHA) superimposed onto the structure of OBP1. In the ribbon diagram of OBP1 positions coloured orange, blue and green represent very highly conserved, highly conserved and moderately conserved residues, respectively (see key). Side chains of residues that are very highly conserved are shown, as are the residues of the GxW motif. Conserved residues are also coloured onto the sequence of OBP1 with units of secondary structure also shown. Residues shown in bold and underlined make contact with the binding cavity. Met42 and Gln130 are italicized; these residues are not conserved in OBP1. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-of-the-barents-sea-from-seismic-refraction-2696ht1ovw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bathymetric-map-of-the-barents-sea-area-based-on-2ig1t1kj.png Fig. 1. Bathymetric map of the Barents Sea area based on Eggvin [ I l , "Jean Charcot" cruise and French Navy Hydrographie Service data. Contour interval is 500 m below 500 m and 100 m above. Closer contour interval is used to underline depressions. Track line of R.V. "Jean Charcot" cruise is indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-216lj5u5.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-norwegian-sea-pre-opening-reconstruction-of-continents-3eeb3evu.png Fig. 2. Norwegian Sea pre-opening reconstruction of continents with rotation pole of Le Pichon and Francheteau (personal communication). Main geological units are reported; 1 = East Greenland intrusives; 2 = Timan Riphean chain; 3 = Caledonides of Norway and East Greenland; 4 = northeast Greenland Caledonides; 5 = Devonian Old Red Sandstones from Spitsbergen; 6 = post-orogenic platform; 7 = Caledonian chain autochthonous units; 8 = Precambrian shield; 9 = ice limit; 10 = faults; 11 = thrusts. Black indicates zone of overlap, horizontal lines denote the zone of underlap in reconstmction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-histogram-of-discrete-velocity-refracted-waves-only-30ccavib.png Fig. 7. Histogram of discrete velocity refracted waves only, plotted with 0.25 km/sec step for al1 stations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-processed-seismic-reflection-profile-xx-fig-5-variable-3fvt6lo2.png Fig. 3. Processed seismic reflection profile XX' (Fig. 5). Variable area record. Vertical scale is two-way travel time. Length of profiles is 20 nautical miles. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-of-the-family-b-dna-polymerase-from-the-ppgm7k1d10 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-model-of-the-complex-with-dna-this-composite-3uwcfvx6.png Figure 4 A model of the complex with DNA. This composite model was constructed by fitting each of the Pc-polymerase domains to the Pfu– DNA complex (PDB entry 4ail) one at a time and is shown in the same view as Fig. 2. The N-terminal, exonuclease, palm, fingers and thumb domains are labelled N, E, P, F and T, respectively, while the two DNA strands from the Pfu complex and their associated base-pairing are indicated in purple. The shorter of the two DNA strands is the primer strand and has its 30 end close to the catalytic site of the palm domain. The N-terminal end of the polypeptide is coloured blue and the C-terminal end is coloured red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-solvent-accessible-surface-of-pc-polymerase-8wg56sqo.png Figure 5 The solvent-accessible surface of Pc-polymerase coloured by electrostatic potential. The acidity of the central region of the active site stems from the abundance of metal-binding carboxylate groups, which are essential for activity, whereas the more peripheral basic regions allow the protein to bind the phosphate backbone of the DNA substrate ionically. The hole which appears to pass right through the centre of the molecule is thought to be the entry passage for incoming dNTPs, which are added to the primer strand. The arrows indicate the general directions of the duplex cleft (D), the template cleft (T) and the exonuclease or editing channel (E). The molecule is shown in the same orientation as Figs. 2 and 3, with the domains labelled in small text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-structure-based-sequence-alignment-of-pc-2q23ph8e.png Figure 1 A structure-based sequence alignment of Pc-polymerase with the enzymes from T. gorgonarius (Tg), T. kodakarensis (Tk) and P. furiosus (Pf ). The amino acids are coloured according to the following scheme: acidic, red; basic, pale blue; neutral polar, green; hydrophobic, purple; cysteine, yellow; the structurally important residues Gly, Ala and Pro are in white. The catalytic metal-binding carboxylate residues are shown boxed in the polymerase domain and shaded grey in the exonuclease domain. The secondary-structure elements are shown in the bottom row and are coloured blue to indicate the N-terminal domain, green for the exonuclease domain and yellow, purple and red for the palm, fingers and thumb domains, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-superposition-of-pc-polymerase-with-pfu-dna-38tefugd.png Figure 3 A superposition of Pc-polymerase with Pfu DNA polymerase. The structures are coloured cream for Pc-polymerase and green for Pfu DNA polymerase, with the N-terminal, exonuclease, palm, fingers and thumb domains labelled N, E, P, F and T, respectively. The thumb domain undergoes the greatest movement upon binding to the DNA substrate, moving away from the catalytic centre. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-overall-structure-of-p-calidifontis-dna-ijor4skc.png Figure 2 The overall structure of P. calidifontis DNA polymerase. Blue indicates the N-terminal domain and green indicates the exonuclease domain, followed by yellow, purple and red for the palm, fingers and thumb domains, respectively. The catalytic metal-binding carboxylate side chains forming the active sites of the exonuclease and palm (polymerase) domains are shown in ball-and-stick representation. The small helix which plugs the gap between the lobes of the N-terminal domain is indicated by an asterisk (*) and the linker region between the N-terminal domain and the palm domain is indicated by a hash (#). Overall, the molecule is disc-shaped, with pronounced grooves on one face of the disc which are associated with DNA binding. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-of-the-inalas-inp-interface-by-atomically-resolved-2f4hfe3fsh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-line-profile-across-the-interface-3dm8eibn.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Line profile across the interface averaged over the whole height of the map. The Al concentration clearly decreases two atomic planes before the InP. On the other hand, the In concentration is as high in first atomic plane as inside the InP. The second plane shows slight decrease in the peak height gradually decreasing further into InAlAs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-haadf-stem-image-and-corresponding-2jybovgl.png FIG. 2. (Color online) HAADF-STEM image and corresponding atomically resolved EDS maps of the InAlAs/InP interface. The elemental distribution is obtained with the integrated intensities of the corresponding energy. Left column shows acquired maps without any processing, except correction of the background in the final images. Right column shows the same elemental maps with applied averaging over 11 pixels in order to enhance signal of Al and In atomic positions. Dotted lines highlight interface region where Al is depleted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-haadf-stem-image-of-the-inalas-inp-interface-showing-1m0gpiku.png FIG. 1. HAADF-STEM image of the InAlAs/InP interface showing higher contrast at the interface (arrow). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-corresponding-schematic-of-the-structure-2hz3dwee.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Corresponding schematic of the structure of the InAlAs/InP interface. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-of-the-power-spectral-density-of-galactic-cosmic-3lpgebkdx5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-median-black-line-and-individual-monitor-gray-3s1n6qnh.png Figure 2. The median (black line) and individual monitor (gray points) power spectral densities calculated using the Welch method with segment length of 25% (∼ 16 years) and overlap of 95%. Data from 29 NM stations was used. Slopes between 1 000 to 30 000 hours and between 50 to 130 hours are depicted in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-median-value-black-line-of-standardized-count-3ozt9y3v.png Figure 1. [a]: Median value (black line) of standardized count rates of 31 neutron monitors listed in panel [d]. [b]: Monthly sunspot number. [c]: Number of operating monitors during a 459-day (=17 solar rotations) time window. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-median-black-line-and-the-individual-gray-22uy551z.png Figure 3. The median (black line) and the individual (gray points) power spectral densities calculated using the Welch method with the segment length of 1% (∼ 230 days), overlap of 95% and a Hanning window using all 31 NM stations. Slope of −1.79 (between 50 to 130 hours) is depicted in red. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-prediction-from-neutron-scattering-profiles-a-data-3fth4ixdbp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-training-data-set-of-labeled-neutron-diffractions-3oouli65.png Table I: Training Data Set of Labeled Neutron Diffractions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-intensity-vs-time-of-flight-curves-bragg-3w35yv27.png Figure 2: Example of Intensity vs Time of Flight curves (Bragg profile) used as training data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-mse-integrated-models-experimental-deep-learning-21hyflvj.png Table V: MSE: Integrated Models – Experimental. Deep learning based models predict experimental parameters with more accuracy than RF https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-training-and-validation-losses-of-the-classifier-23vfjvtk.png Figure 3: Training and validation losses of the classifier. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-mse-class-conditional-experimental-data-32e6sb2e.png Table IV: MSE: Class Conditional – Experimental Data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-examples-of-integrated-model-predictions-for-2rrl4371.png Figure 6: Examples of Integrated model predictions for experimental data. Comparison of experimental measurements and diffraction patterns generated from predicted unit cell parameters using Multitask and CAENN. Top: pre-processing of the first three experimental patterns. The ground truths for trigonal are a = 3.9968 and α = 89.84◦, Tetragonal 1 are a = 3.9857 and c = 4.0277, and for Tetragonal 2 a = 3.9870 and c = 4.0279. Center left: Multitask (MT) trigonal prediction for a = 3.9272 and α = 89.3611. MT tetragonal 1 predicted a = 3.9318, c = 4.0414 and MT tetragonal 2 predicted a = 3.9510, c = 4.0752. Bottom left: trigonal, prediction a = 4.0094 and α = 97.61◦. Bottom center: tetragonal prediction a = 3.9851 and c = 4.0358. Bottom right: tetragonal prediction a = 4.0196 and c = 4.0210. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-classfier-class-conditional-models-c2-and-c3-and-1ig745l2.png Figure 4: Classfier, class-conditional models (C2 and C3) and integrated models (I1 and I3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-14-bravais-lattices-7-crystal-classes-3ioi1167.png Figure 1: The 14 Bravais lattices (7 crystal classes) compatible with three-dimensional translational periodicity. [2] https://scispace.com/papers/structure-optimization-of-neural-networks-for-evolutionary-58woqy60jm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-results-of-the-blade-optimization-using-three-2e5g0zx6.png Figure 1: Results of the blade optimization using three different types of approximate neural network models https://scispace.com/papers/structure-preserving-iterative-solution-of-periodic-21ioijs9em 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-norms-and-relative-residuals-of-periodic-gramians-216u06m3.png Table 2. Norms and relative residuals of periodic Gramians (index-2 problem) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-norms-and-relative-residuals-of-periodic-gramians-3k992f9j.png Table 1. Norms and relative residuals of periodic Gramians (index-1 problem) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-finite-eigenvalues-of-ek-ak-2k-0-19yh3c1l.png Fig. 2. Finite eigenvalues of {(Ek, Ak)}2k=0 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-finite-eigenvalues-of-ek-ak-2k-0-22he7zpl.png Fig. 1. Finite eigenvalues of {(Ek, Ak)}2k=0 https://scispace.com/papers/structure-properties-and-interfacial-interactions-in-poly-57qupz9xye 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-quantitative-estimation-of-interfacial-interactions-w43xf4jq.png Fig. 12 Quantitative estimation of interfacial interactions in physical and reactor blends through the determination of parameter B; () physical (PLA/PU), () reactor (PLA-b-PU) blend. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-effect-of-composition-and-processing-technology-on-2zin63ze.png Fig. 6 The effect of composition and processing technology on the size of the dispersed particles in PLA/PU blends; () physical (PLA/PU), () reactor (PLA-b-PU) blend; error bars show the standard deviation of the values. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-property-relationships-in-glass-reinforced-3bsqc1ly2h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-orientation-factor-from-macromodel-vs-fibre-volume-1r1ecyc0.png Figure 23 Orientation Factor from Macromodel vs Fibre Volume Fraction ( ” A, r B, ̊ modulus ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-interface-strength-vs-fibre-weight-content-a-t-b-u-2khm4r1t.png Figure 24 Interface strength vs Fibre Weight Content ( | A, t B, Û theory ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-comparison-predicted-tensile-strength-vs-2ifklpsn.png Figure 26 Comparison Predicted Tensile Strength vs Experimental Value (| A, t B1, æ B2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-comparison-strain-from-model-vs-experiment-a-t-b1-2urhc5rm.png Figure 25 Comparison Strain from Model vs Experiment ( | A , t B1, æ B2 ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-composite-strengths-vs-fibre-volume-fraction-1c1hzbo8.png Figure 4 Composite Strengths vs Fibre Volume Fraction ( | tensile, ̊ flex) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-composites-strengths-vs-fibre-weight-content-a-376tygtm.png Figure 3 Composites Strengths vs Fibre Weight Content ( | A tensile, t B tensile, æ A flex, ̊ B flex) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-fibre-length-vs-fibre-volume-fraction-extruded-r-1cypk56x.png Figure 16 Fibre Length vs Fibre Volume Fraction (” extruded, r moulded ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-fibre-orientation-vs-fibre-weight-content-3qhz4y1q.png Figure 17 Fibre orientation vs Fibre Weight Content https://scispace.com/papers/structure-recognition-from-high-resolution-images-of-ceramic-55c6woh80n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-profile-and-selected-slices-of-a-sic-based-tow-with-38voyrzk.png Figure 2: Profile and selected slices of a SiC-based tow with matrix crack. 3D architecture of woven composites impedes the growth of local damage through crack deflection and bridging mechanisms, preventing delamination of the composite layers and catastrophic failures of components. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sic-based-composite-with-matrix-and-fibers-of-a-2l11ao0f.png Figure 5: SiC-based composite with matrix and fibers of a single tow. Top: detected fibers (blue) and fiber breaks (red) using the proposed approach. Bottom: volume rendering of the three SiC composites at different applied loads showing detected fibers (red) and detected matrix cracks (blue) that open up with increasing load along with subsequent fracture of individual fibers (green). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diagram-of-the-proposed-prp-to-identify-fibers-1g1t1kdu.png Figure 3: Diagram of the proposed PRP to identify fibers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-performance-comparison-of-f3d-with-sashas-13-plug-2kh0gmzv.png Figure 7: Performance comparison of F3D with Sasha’s [13] plug-in for different dataset sizes: each point represent the average run-time of 5 trials. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correctly-detected-voxels-of-fibers-quantitative-1shgdh9x.png Table 1: Correctly detected voxels of fibers: quantitative evaluation of the fiber segmentation using proposed PRP against provided ground-truth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-graphical-user-interface-for-f3d-plug-in-general-254bq0v5.png Figure 4: Graphical user interface for F3D plug-in: general purpose image processing tools using multi-GPU. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-measurement-decay-during-tensile-test-experiments-1xumy157.png Figure 6: Measurement decay during tensile test experiments: fiber measurements are relative to the original nondeformed sample, subjected to 9 different loads at 25 ◦C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-single-tow-of-sic-fibers-and-composite-matrix-1pk72c8v.png Figure 1: Single tow of SiC fibers and composite matrix https://scispace.com/papers/structure-tensor-total-variation-11r1xr3z0x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-tensor-of-an-image-at-sample-points-x1-x2-m0y0ruwi.png Figure 1. Structure tensor of an image at sample points x1,x2,x3. The structure tensor is visualized as an ellipse and its unit eigenvectors θ+,θ− and rooted eigevalues √ λ+ , √ λ+ are also depicted. For any arbitrary direction n, which is characterized by its angle ω with the eigenvector θ+, there is a corresponding point P (ω) on the ellipse. The distance of this point from the ellipse center yields the directional variation V (ω). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-image-magnification-examples-close-ups-of-inputs-1ell3ajc.png Figure 8. Image magnification examples: close-ups of inputs and optimum results. Inputs are enlarged by simple zero order hold. Top row: grayscale magnification of an input with a zoom factor d = 5. The ground truth corresponds to the grayscale version of the image in row 1, column 1 of Figure 2. Bottom row: color magnification of an input with a zoom factor d = 5. The ground truth corresponds to the image in row 1, column 3 of Figure 2. For each result, the individualized regularization parameter τ and corresponding optimum PSNR are reported. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-image-magnification-comparisons-among-different-2k1e9u5m.png Figure 7. Image magnification comparisons among different regularizers for two zoom factors. The performance is measured in terms of the average SNR improvement (in dB) w.r.t. the input, over all 30 images of Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-isnr-comparisons-on-sparse-fourier-image-26041mft.png Table 1 ISNR Comparisons on sparse Fourier image reconstruction for several sampling patterns and noise conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sparse-fourier-image-reconstruction-setup-a-c-7mi8xga8.png Figure 9. Sparse Fourier image reconstruction setup. (a)–(c) Slices of a 3D brain phantom, (d) Poisson disk with 20% sampling density (white pixel values indicate sample locations), (e) radial sampling mask with 32 lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-image-denoising-examples-close-ups-of-inputs-and-esjxrp0k.png Figure 4. Image denoising examples: close-ups of inputs and optimum results. Top row: grayscale denoising of an input with noise level σw = 0.15. The ground truth corresponds to the grayscale version of the image in row 1, column 4 of Figure 2. Bottom row: color denoising of an input with noise level σw = 0.2. The ground truth corresponds to the image in row 3, column 7 of Figure 2. For each result, the individualized regularization parameter τ and corresponding optimum PSNR are reported. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-reconstruction-of-the-brain-image-figure-9-b-from-3f40jsmn.png Figure 10. Reconstruction of the brain image (Figure 9(b)) from Fourier data sampled with 32 radial lines and 10-dB SNR. (a) Back-projected image (PSNR = 23.30), (b) TV reconstruction (τ = 3.84 · 10−2, PSNR = 25.88), (c) TGV 2 reconstruction (τ = 4.01 · 10−2, PSNR = 26.36), and (d) STV1 reconstruction (τ = 2.62 · 10−2, PSNR = 26.90). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-image-denoising-comparisons-among-different-3jbavetr.png Figure 3. Image denoising comparisons among different regularizers for four noise levels. The performance is measured in terms of the average SNR improvement (in dB) w.r.t. the noisy input, over all 30 images of Figure 2. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-property-studies-of-fibres-from-various-parts-of-3rnkunuw13 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stress-strain-diagram-of-fibres-from-different-abzvbs7i.png Figure 4 Stress-strain diagram of fibres from different parts of coconut treee. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-continued-awc3ubvn.png Figure 5 (Continued) https://scispace.com/papers/structured-modeling-of-concurrent-stochastic-hybrid-systems-16wiamdxsx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sample-stochastic-hybrid-system-in-charon-syntax-1ujwl558.png Fig. 1. Sample stochastic hybrid system in charon syntax https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sample-paths-of-the-aircrafts-fig-7-percentage-of-the-mwpq5clq.png Fig. 6. Sample paths of the aircrafts Fig. 7. Percentage of the flights with a particular minimum distance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-aircraft-1ybj58vf.png Fig. 4. Aircraft https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-minimum-distance-monitor-3t1m4z03.png Fig. 5. Minimum distance monitor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-percentage-of-the-simulation-runs-with-a-request-lost-abxpxmbw.png Fig. 9. Percentage of the simulation runs with a request lost up to a particular time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-hard-drive-model-1f64n0wk.png Fig. 8. Hard drive model https://scispace.com/papers/structured-output-associative-regression-24uyl6ke1z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dependency-model-for-one-output-variable-of-soar-yt-277b1rs4.png Figure 1. Dependency model for one output variable of SOAR. yt is the current output, and m and d are dimensionality of inputs and outputs, respectively. Notice yt not only depends on the input x = [x1, . . . , xm]>, but also on the remaining outputs y−t = y \ yt. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-models-trained-on-all-subjects-and-motions-except-3jlpdawo.png Table 4. Models trained on all subjects and motions. Except for the different training protocol, all features and error measures are identical to the ones described in table 3. Notice the similar performance in both cases, suggesting that the predictor generalizes well to different subjects—no apriori personalized subject/body model is necessary. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-joint-position-test-error-per-frame-for-two-1alahyqa.png Figure 4. Average joint position test error per frame for two different models, and three different motions, all using BSIFT (C1+C2+C3) image features, as computed by HumanEva’s online evaluation system. WKNN and SOARkrr use 25 and 100 nearest neighbors, respectively, both cross-validated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-qualitative-3d-reconstruction-results-on-the-5g5uikvh.png Figure 5. Qualitative 3d reconstruction results on the HumanEva-1 test set (original images on the top row, 3D reconstructions seen from synthetic viewpoints on the second row). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-models-separately-trained-on-each-motion-of-each-1zr9t3yv.png Table 3. Models separately trained on each motion of each subject. Evaluation of different models that use BSIFT and SC features on the validation set of HumanEva-I (error reported in mm). ’C1’ means that the image feature is extracted from images captured by the first camera only (monocular experiments). Error is averaged over the same motion of the three subjects. ’Average’ accumulates averages for all motions of all subjects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-matrices-of-correlation-coefficients-for-3d-poses-2i212alw.png Figure 3. Matrices of correlation coefficients for 3d poses in the training set of HumanEva-I (57d vectors of temporally ordered threedimensional body joint positions, with root joint ’torsoDistal’ removed). From left to right: Box, Gestures, Jogging, ThrowCatch and Walking. Lighter means that corresponding pairs of output variables are more correlated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-models-trained-on-all-subjects-and-motions-245tc4rg.png Table 5. Models trained on all subjects and motions. Evaluation (BSIFT features) on the test set of HumanEva-I (error reported in mm). Average joint position error is computed by Humaneva’s online evaluation system, with lowest error indicated in bold. ’/’ entries mean that values are not available (no test results returned), ’average’ gives averages for different motions of the same subject; ’C1’ gives results for image feature extracted from images captured by the first camera only (monocular experiments), notice the difference w.r.t. [17]; for ’C1+C2+C3’ image features from three cameras are combined in a single descriptor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-progress-of-our-bfgs-optimizer-on-a-test-sample-27y8kahq.png Figure 2. The progress of our BFGS optimizer on a test sample of box motions in HumanEva-I. Initialization is given by kernel ridge regression assuming independent outputs. The horizontal-axis is the dimensionality of the body joint positions and the vertical-axis is the corresponding squared loss 1 2 (yj − f jkrr)2. Notice the rapid convergence on this dataset. https://scispace.com/papers/structured-reciprocity-for-musical-performance-with-swarm-45tkjt89og 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-visualization-of-cluster-formation-on-a-touch-2bsdgbck.png Fig. 2. Color visualization of cluster formation on a touch sensitive screen, from Human Voice, showing performance configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-visualization-of-agents-by-type-from-mutandrum-tlpq4qj1.png Fig. 1. Color visualization of agents by type, from Mutandrum. The area within each grid measures approximately three inches by four inches. Resolution constraints are discussed in section 4.1. The performers’ hand is distorting the image projection to the right of center. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-performance-with-large-tabletop-capacitive-panel-4r4eeujj.png Fig. 3. Performance with large tabletop capacitive panel enabling hand-sized control regions. Visualization of swarms is projected on the performance surface from above and also projected for audience members. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparing-indirection-profiles-of-two-compositions-2f0a08q6.png Table 3. Comparing Indirection Profiles of two compositions, Mutandrum and Human Voice. Comparison is drawn against the duration ranges of performance gestural articulation units (PGAU) and latency of indirection for each PGAU. Duration ranges of agent data types are presented in Table 1. Duration ranges of sound design patterns (SDP) are presented in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-agent-data-grouped-by-duration-range-required-for-2b3fv1dv.png Table 1. Agent data grouped by duration range required for feature formation, data extraction and feature recognition of swarm state https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-audible-attributes-of-sound-design-patterns-grouped-2t15bjmg.png Table 2. Audible attributes of Sound Design Patterns grouped by Duration Range. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-minimum-and-maximum-duration-ranges-of-2laxudr1.png Fig. 6. Comparison of minimum and maximum duration ranges of agent data types, SDPs, PGAU types, and the LIDA model. The darker shaded areas are the valid range for each item. The duration scale left to right is Log2. Arrows on SDP4 and SP5 indicate potential prolongation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-of-human-voice-with-high-resolution-ee8pwnp1.png Fig. 4. Performance of Human Voice with high-resolution capacitive touch screen, showing tenfinger control signal capacity https://scispace.com/papers/structured-output-prediction-and-learning-for-deep-monocular-4iyvqo064v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-unary-3d-coordinates-via-quantized-regression-to-1z94qct2.png Fig. 2: Unary 3D coordinates via quantized regression. To efficiently regress the unary 3D coordinates, we use a divide and conquer strategy. We begin by quantizing the 3D space into voxels. We estimate the score of each joint belonging to each of these voxels using a classifier. Finally we regress a residual vector per voxel which indicates the offset between the center of the voxel and the continuous 3D position of each joint. Left: Sigmoid function on classified voxels and regressed residual vectors (in black) for two joints. Right: Regressed residual vectors for all joints. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-monocular-3d-pose-estimation-results-on-lsp-dataset-1pvnvc45.png Fig. 4: Monocular 3D pose estimation results on LSP dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-examplar-pose-estimates-by-admm-inference-blue-1ehthgfu.png Fig. 3: Examplar pose estimates by ADMM inference: Blue indicates the ground truth pose, whereas red and green is the solution obtained from “unaries alone” and ADMM respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reconstruction-errors-for-videos-for-specific-1ub9gm1o.png Table 3: Reconstruction errors for videos for specific cameras and test subjects in the Human 3.6M dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-average-reconstruction-errors-for-m5ghva7u.png Table 1: Comparison of average reconstruction errors for different graph topologies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-comparison-of-our-approach-to-methods-that-report-2ptnjpx0.png Table 2: A comparison of our approach to methods that report reconstruction error in literature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-we-consider-the-task-of-3d-human-pose-estimation-from-n5ex0nwr.png Fig. 1: We consider the task of 3D human pose estimation from a single RGB image. Our approach involves a fully convolutional neural network that provides a ‘bottom-up’ estimate of the 3D positions of parts and their relative displacements, and a structured prediction layer that combines them into a coherent estimate of the pose. The whole architecture is trained end-to-end, allowing us to optimize the CNN outputs with the respect to the subsequent pose estimation algorithm. https://scispace.com/papers/structured-sentiment-analysis-in-social-media-3z942ihlwo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4-the-gap-in-the-current-work-1t6h0wj9.png Figure 1.4: The Gap in the current work. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-9-parent-child-relatedness-for-dblp-dataset-5g0w6pm0.png Figure 3.9: Parent-Child relatedness for DBLP dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-7-graphical-representation-of-hasm-47-7mdvavf7.png Figure 2.7: Graphical representation of HASM [47]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-the-hierarchy-structure-of-ncrp-1avuz0mp.png Figure 2.4: The hierarchy structure of nCRP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-system-architecture-2aknnmta.png Figure 3.2: System Architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-a-hierarchical-aspect-sentiment-model-hasm-b-the-3jvzgg6f.png Figure 5.2: (a) Hierarchical Aspect-Sentiment Model (HASM). (b) The Hierarchical User Sentiment Topic Model (HUSTM). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-6-parent-child-relatedness-34ssleuy.png Figure 5.6: Parent-Child relatedness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-parent-children-relatedness-a-high-distance-1kyux9le.png Figure 4.5: Parent-Children Relatedness. A high distance indicates that the parent is similar to its children. For all datasets, SSA shows the parent nodes are related to it’s direct children nodes than non-children nodes. A higher score means that the parent concept are more similar. For all datasets, CCM shows higher parent-children relatedness compared with the other methods https://scispace.com/papers/structures-of-a-key-interaction-protein-from-the-trypanosoma-4whbip9d0t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-trypsinolysis-converts-the-krepa6-tetramer-into-a-385jyvzw.png Fig. 5. Trypsinolysis converts the KREPA6 tetramer into a dimer. (a) Proteolysis of KREPA6. 0.8 mg/ml purified KREPA6 was incubated with trypsin (500:1 w/w) for the indicated times in 20 mM Tris pH 8.0, 300 mM NaCl, 1 mM DTT and 10% glycerol buffer. The result was analyzed by 8–16% SDS–PAGE and visualized by Coomassie staining. Lane 2 shows the undigested KREPA6 protein; lanes 3–5 trypsinized KREPA6. Protein standards are shown in lane 1. Predicted cleavage sites by trypsin are indicated in Fig. 1 (see Fig. 1(a)). (b) Gel filtration chromatography. Gel filtration over a Superdex 200 sizing column was performed on 0.8 mg/ml trypsinized KREPA6 with an N-terminal His-tag (left panel) and without an N-terminal His-tag (right panel) as indicated. 0.8 mg/ml purified KREPA6 was incubated for 1 h with trypsin (500:1 w/w). The buffer was 300 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris–HCl, pH 7.5, 10% glycerol and 1 mM dithiothreitol. Chromatographic absorbance traces at 280 nm are shown for molecular standards (gray), untreated KREPA6 (black), and trypsinized KREPA6 (red). The elution position and molecular mass of the calibration standards are indicated. The elution volumes of His6-KREPA6 and KREPA6 are nearly identical, as are those of their trypsinized counterparts. These volumes correspond with oligomerization states of tetramers (with a MW of 60 kDa; labeled ‘‘T’’) for the untreated proteins and dimers (with a MW of 30 kDa; labeled ‘‘D’’) after trypsinolysis. (c) Analysis of gel-filtration fractions by Ni-NTA chromatography and SDS–PAGE. The major peak fractions of KREPA6 proteins were subjected to Ni-NTA His tag pull-down followed by 8–16% SDS–PAGE analysis. Lanes 2–4: full length His6KREPA6; lanes 5–7: trypsinized His6-KREPA6; lanes 8–10: trypsinized untagged KREPA6 (as a control showing that KREPA6 has little affinity for the Ni-NTA column without a His6-tag). FT: flow-through; W: wash; and E: elute. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-tetramer-formed-by-a-krepa6-dimer-and-two-nb15-2zenpgms.png Fig. 2. The tetramer formed by a KREPA6 dimer and two Nb15 nanobodies. (a) Schematic diagram of the KREPA6:Nb15 heterotetramer. The KREPA6 dimer is shown in blue and Nb15 in orange. Nb15 is further colored by CDR, with CDR1 in green, CDR2 purple, and CDR3 red. (b) Close-up of the KREPA6:Nb15 contact area. The KREPA6:Nb15 interface with the same color codes as in (a). b6 from KREPA6 and bC00 from Nb15 form a parallel pair of b-strands. (c) KREPA6:Nb15 contacts. An ‘‘open book’’ representation of the KREPA6:Nb15 interface with footprints in colors according to interacting partner (CDR2 footprint, purple; CDR3 footprint, red; framework, orange). The bright red colors of CDR3 of Nb15 shown on the left are in contact with KREPA6; the light red colored residues of CDR3 are not interacting with KREPA6. The green CDR1 is also not engaged in interactions with KREPA6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-the-krepa6-nb15-and-krepa6-nb5-cbjncosc.png Fig. 3. Comparison of the KREPA6:Nb15 and KREPA6:Nb5 heterotetramers. (a) Sequence alignment of Nb15, Nb5 and Ab2. The secondary structure elements correspond to the crystal structure of Nb15. The numbering on top of the alignment corresponds to the continuous numbering present in the PDB file 3K7U, the numbering on the bottom of the alignment corresponds to the standard IMGT numbering for antibodies and related proteins (Lefranc, 2005). The conserved cysteines that form the intra-molecular disulfide bridge are highlighted in blue. CDR1 is highlighted in green, CDR2 in purple and CDR3 in red. Triangles indicate Nb15 contact residues with KREPA6, circles indicate Nb5 contact residues with KREPA6, and diamonds indicate Ab2 contact residues with KREPA6. (b) Superposition of KREPA6:Nb15 and KREPA6:Nb5. The KREPA6:Nb5 structure is superimposed onto the KREPA6:Nb15 structure by using only the KREPA6 dimers for calculating the superposition operation. The Nb5 and Nb15 domains differ 3.8 in orientation. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sequence-secondary-structure-and-dimer-of-krepa6-a-wj5dnwam.png Fig. 1. Sequence, secondary structure and dimer of KREPA6. (a) Sequence alignment of KREPA6 from trypanosomatids. The secondary structure elements correspond to the crystal structure of KREPA6:Nb15. Blue dash lines indicate disordered regions. Blue triangles indicate contacts between KREPA6 subunits; orange triangles indicate contacts between KREPA6 and Nb15; circles contacts between KREPA6 and Nb5; diamonds contacts between KREPA6 and Ab2; squares residues making the b-sheet surface hydrophobic in T. brucei KREPA6 (Fig. 2(b)). The potential trypsin cleavage sites are predicted by PeptideCutter (http://ca.expasy.org/) and the predicted trypsinized sites (R134 and R135) within the unstructured residues of current A6 structure are indicated with small, downwards pointing, black arrows. KREPA6 refers to kinetoplastid RNA editing protein A6, Tb to T. brucei, Tc to T. cruzi, Lm to Leishmania major, Li to L. infantum, and Lb to L. brasiliensis. (b) The T. brucei KREPA6 dimer. This ‘‘b-sheet view’’ is along the twofold ‘‘P-axis’’ towards the six-stranded b-sheet formed by strands from both KREPA6 subunits. Secondary structure elements and loops are indicated. Loops L23 and L45 could be built only partially due to lack of clear density. The 30 C-terminal residues of the protein crystallized were also not represented by well-defined density in the KREPA6:Nb15 heterotetramer structure. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-ob-folds-in-the-t-brucei-editosome-1igqevbd.png Table 2 Comparison of OB folds in the T. brucei editosome with KREPA6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-tetramer-formed-by-a-krepa6-dimer-and-two-ab2-ik0mzv5e.png Fig. 4. The tetramer formed by a KREPA6 dimer and two Ab2 domains. (a) Ribbon diagram of the KREPA6:Ab2 heterotetramer in two orientations. The KREPA6 dimer and Ab2, labeled as A6 and Ab2, are shown in blue and orange, respectively. One monomer of the KREPA6 dimer is shown in a paler color to aid in visualization. Two central L45 loops mainly interact with CDR3 of Ab2. (b) Superposition of the KREPA6:Ab2 and KREPA6:Nb15 heterotetramers. The KREPA6:Ab2 and KREPA6:Nb15 heterotetramers structures were superimposed using the main chain atoms of KREPA6 dimers. The KREPA6 dimers are in the same orientation as in Fig. 2(a). The KREPA6 subunits are shown in blue; Nb15 in green; Ab2 in orange. (c) Helix–helix contacts in the KREPA6:Ab2 crystals. Ribbon diagram of three crystallographically related KREPA6:Ab2 heterotetramers, colored as in (a). Cterminal helices of two KREPA6 dimers form contacts with 570 Å2 buried surface mediated by seven residues (E77, L78, A81, E82, K84, Q85, and K86). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/structures-of-the-human-spliceosomes-before-and-after-55mwrec41c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cwf19l2-may-play-an-important-role-during-spliceosome-njpfek82.png Fig. 4 Cwf19L2 may play an important role during spliceosome disassembly and intron lariat RNA debranching. a In the ILS1 complex, Cwf19L2 interacts closely with the lariat junction at the splicing active site and directly contacts the RNaseH-like (wheat), Linker/Endo (light blue), and N-domain (gray) of Prp8. Shown in the left is a cartoon representation of key components at the active site. Shown in the right is a surface representation of these components in a related view. b A close-up view on the splicing active site. Prp8 is hidden except the 1585- loop (colored blue), which is located beneath the “clamp” of Cwf19L2. c Cwf19L2 employs a positively charged surface to interact with the RNA elements. The electrostatic surface potential is shown for Cwf19L2. Two perpendicular views are presented https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-structural-comparison-of-the-ils-complexes-between-xxfbsgzt.png Fig. 6 Structural comparison of the ILS complexes between yeast and human. a Comparison of the overall structures of the ILS complex from S. pombe (left panel), human (middle panel), and S. cerevisiae (right panel). Components of the ILS complex are shown in surface representation. The components identically shared among the three complexes are shown in gray. Only those proteins that are different between the human and yeast complexes are color-coded. The S. pombe ILS complex resembles human ILS1; S. pombe Cwf19 (human Cwf19L2) closely interacts with Prp8 and the intron lariat, whereas Prp43 is yet to be loaded. The S. cerevisiae ILS lacks Cwf19 but contains 3 more proteins (Spp382/Ntr1, Ntr2, and Cwc23) that may participate in spliceosome disassembly. Notably, a large proportion of the RNA sequences in the intron lariat can be traced only in the human ILS complexes, but not in the yeast complexes. In the human ILS2 complex, the intron sequences upstream of the U2/BPS duplex is sequentially bound by CypE and Aquarius. The intron lariat traverses through a cavity formed by RBM22 in human. b Comparison of the RNA elements and specific protein components in the ILS complex from S. pombe (left panel), human (middle panel), and S. cerevisiae (right panel). The RNaseH-like domain is colored wheat; arrow marks the β-finger (left/right panel) or Cwf19L2 (middle panel) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-structural-features-of-the-human-p-complex-a-structure-jfgnffxd.png Fig. 2 Structural features of the human P complex. a Structure of the RNA elements in the P complex. An overall cartoon representation of the RNA map is shown on the left panel, and a close-up view on the splicing active site center is displayed in the right panel. Disordered RNA sequences in the intron lariat and the 3′-exon are represented by magenta and red dotted lines, respectively. The catalytic and structural metals are shown in magenta and gray spheres, respectively. The 3′-splice site (3′SS) is highlighted in black. Putative hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions that mediate recognition of the 3′SS are represented by blue and black dotted lines, respectively. b Specific coordination of the catalytic metal ions in the human P complex. c Structural rearrangements of the spliceosomal components at the active site during the C-to-P transition. The human C complex (left panel) and P complex (right panel) are shown in the same orientation as determined by the core of Prp8 and U5 snRNA. Shown here are the proteins and RNA elements around the catalytic center. d A cartoon diagram of the 3′SS recognition. Remodeling of the C complex by Prp16 results in dissociation of the NTC component Isy1 and the step I factors CCDC49 and CCDC94/YJU2. The Linker domain of Prp8 is rotated away from the U2/BPS duplex. Consequently, the 1585-loop which binds the 3′-tail of the intron loads the 3′SS into the splicing active site center. The RNaseH-like domain is translocated towards the active site, pushing the β-finger towards the lariat junction. The WD40 domain of Prp17 is also translocated toward the branch helix; together with the splicing factor PRKRIP1 stabilizes the new conformation of RNaseH-like domain and branch helix. The intron lariat junction is sandwiched by the β-finger and the 1585-loop. Slu7 adopts an extended conformation and binds the RNaseH-like and Linker domains of Prp8, stabilizing the local conformation https://scispace.com/papers/structuring-for-innovative-responses-to-human-resource-4aiqn5z9t5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-proposed-research-framework-for-the-application-27ag5y0d.png Figure 1. A proposed research framework for the application of HR skunk works https://scispace.com/papers/student-and-school-performance-across-countries-a-machine-381uhjdpgw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-student-level-variables-of-pisa2015-survey-2iolapyp.png Table 1: List of student level variables of PISA2015 survey used in the analysis, with the relative explanations. Note: we report here only the test score in mathematics that we use as answer variable in the rst stage of the analysis. In each country, we standardize the test score in order to have mean = 0 and sd = 1. All variables from DISCIPLIN CLIMATE to the end are indicators built by PISA and have mean = 0 and sd = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-proportion-of-explained-variability-pv-of-the-second-5f3p82wo.png Table 6: Proportion of explained variability (PV) of the second stage boosting model, in the 9 selected countries. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-school-level-variables-importance-ranking-in-the-1g2ciqrf.png Figure 4: School level variables importance ranking in the second stage of the analysis in Australia. Boosting creates a ranking of the relative in uences of the covariates on the outcome variable (school value-added). To lighten the reading, we report here only the rst ten most important variables (where the most important variable is the one able to catch the bigger part of variability in the outcome). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-partial-plot-of-the-four-most-important-school-10on1lje.png Figure 5: Partial plot of the four most important school level variables in the association with school value-added, in Australia. Note: the selection of the four most signi cant variables is taken from Figure 4 and the explanation of each school level covariate is given in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-the-result-of-a-regression-tree-the-2f23pmqi.png Figure 1: Example of the result of a regression tree. The answer variable is students' tests scores (continuous variable with mean = 0 and sd = 1) and the three covariates are: (i) socioeconomic index (ESCS, continuous variable with mean = 0 and sd = 1), (ii) number of siblings (integer variable) and (iii) time of homework (integer variable counting the hours of homework at home). The image on the left represents the partition of the covariate space into three regions, computed by the regression tree. The image on the right represents the regression tree. Variable number of siblings does not appear in either the two images, since it does not result to be statistically relevant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-joint-partial-plot-of-the-most-important-school-q3ehgggd.png Figure 6: Joint partial plot of the most important school level variables in association with school value-added, in Australia. Notes: 1. Colors represent the scale of the values of the response (school value-added). 2. The selection of variables is based on the group of the variables that turn out to be signi cant in previous steps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fixed-e-ect-tree-of-rst-stage-analysis-re-em-tree-2j1iozop.png Figure 3: Fixed e ect tree of rst stage analysis (RE-EM tree in model 5) in Australia. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-joint-partial-plot-of-the-most-important-school-37c6vxes.png Figure 10: Joint partial plot of the most important school level variables in association with school value-added, in each country. Notes: 1. Colors represent the scale of the values of the response (school value-added). 2. The selection of variables is based on the group of the variables that turn out to be signi cant in previous steps. https://scispace.com/papers/student-learning-performance-and-indoor-environmental-39ebjkrt28 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-measured-and-predicted-thermal-sensation-votes-1ujch7tk.png Figure 1: Measured and predicted thermal sensation votes https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ieq-acceptance-297l7299.png Table 5 IEQ acceptance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ieq-acceptance-399s1ns9.png Figure 2: IEQ acceptance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-deviation-ratio-of-ieq-predictions-3o2loqo0.png Figure 3: Deviation ratio of IEQ predictions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-learning-performance-against-ieq-improvement-4kd39bqa.png Figure 4: Learning performance against IEQ improvement requests https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-votes-on-acceptance-of-perceived-ieq-3eo02lgb.png Table 4 Votes on acceptance of perceived IEQ https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-coefficients-1lictt1a.png Table 3 Regression coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-self-reported-learning-performance-12as7l3z.png Table 6 Self-reported learning performance https://scispace.com/papers/student-loans-repayment-and-recovery-international-8jwursg5of 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-selected-repayment-ratios-comparison-of-earlier-and-24i3bktk.png Table 5 Selected repayment ratios: Comparison of earlier and current research https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-repayment-ratio-recovery-ratio-and-efficiency-index-2v0c9iy7.png Table 8 Repayment ratio, recovery ratio and efficiency index, selected programs https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-factors-leading-to-less-than-full-loans-recovery-9oryqq80.png Table 1 Factors leading to less-than-full loans recovery https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-repayment-ratios-across-schemes-1413jlew.png Table 3 Repayment ratios across schemes https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-repayment-ratio-by-country-income-level-grouping-and-2ldb3oum.png Table 4 Repayment ratio by country income level grouping and by continent https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-repayment-and-recovery-ratios-selected-programs-3v3tur75.png Table 6 Repayment and recovery ratios, selected programs https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-simulated-maximal-recovery-ratios-with-assumed-ppfytm3m.png Table 9 Simulated (maximal) recovery ratios with assumed administration costs https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hidden-grant-and-repayment-ratios-selected-countries-1vmfrdo2.png Table 2 Hidden grant and repayment ratios, selected countries https://scispace.com/papers/student-nurses-experiences-of-undignified-caring-in-1ij4e10mv2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-health-professionals-undignified-caring-in-382310ox.png Figure 1 Health professionals’ undignified caring in perioperative practice https://scispace.com/papers/student-trainee-professional-implicit-theories-of-4ayo8yt5eo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2-a-table-showing-the-cumulative-total-for-all-t9memmyy.png Table 1.2. A table showing the cumulative total for all responses to ‘what attitudes and behaviours do paedophiles typically display?’ https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-5-oblimin-rotation-of-the-two-factor-solution-for-3mwh5rr4.png Table 1.5. Oblimin Rotation of the Two factor solution for media traits https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-6-oblimin-rotation-of-the-four-factor-solution-for-xzakp3df.png Table 1.6. Oblimin Rotation of the four factor solution for personality/coping traits https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-a-table-showing-the-cumulative-total-for-all-2f2csae4.png Table 1.1. A table showing the cumulative total for all responses to ‘what is a paedophile?’ https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3-oblimin-rotation-of-the-three-factor-solution-for-1uvehfg9.png Table 1.3. Oblimin Rotation of the Three factor solution for implicit theories of pedophilic personality traits https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-7-correlations-within-and-between-the-four-different-1jyvm013.png Table 1.7.Correlations within and between the four different factor groupings https://scispace.com/papers/student-skill-and-goal-achievement-in-the-mapping-with-439ut1wei3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-responses-to-goal-question-during-registration-h7d9e4i6.png Table 1. Responses to goal question during registration https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-criteria-for-student-goal-attainment-r2mqu00v.png Table 2. Criteria for Student Goal Attainment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-students-who-did-activities-and-did-not-do-197hep1d.png Figure 3. Students who did activities and did not do activities who completed final projects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-students-who-possessed-each-skill-at-2u66em32.png Figure 2. Percentage of students who possessed each skill at the beginning of class who completed final projects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-unique-students-who-viewed-lessons-and-completed-9nybm9at.png Figure 1. Unique students who viewed lessons and completed activities for each lesson https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-behavioral-analysis-of-student-goal-attainment-2fsgx4o5.png Table 3. Behavioral analysis of student goal attainment https://scispace.com/papers/students-perceptions-of-autonomy-supportive-versus-zywv8wrn5d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-indirect-effects-of-perceived-teacher-autonomy-37a5t2tz.png Table 2 Indirect Effects of Perceived Teacher Autonomy Support on Students’ Life Skills Development Through Each Mediator https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-regression-models-predicting-all-eight-life-skills-n3po93ex.png Figure 1. Regression models predicting all eight life skills. Values signify unstandardized regression coefficients. The direct 824 effect of perceived teacher autonomy support on each of the life skills are outside the parentheses. The total effects are inside 825 the parentheses. Gender, country, controlling teaching, and autonomy, competence, and relatedness frustration were entered 826 as covariates in all models. The random number generator was seeded in all eight models to ensure that the bootstrap 827 resamples were the same for each model. 828 *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001. 829 830 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-scores-standard-deviations-reliability-coeffici-2m4r546a.png Table 1 Mean Scores, Standard Deviations, Reliability Coeffici nts and Intercorrelations for All Study Variables https://scispace.com/papers/studier-over-decapodernes-slaegtskabsforhold-af-j-e-v-boas-3gyyfgbz4f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-70-80-anden-maxille-af-forskellige-decapoder-70-111kcxn1.png Fig. 70— 80. Anden Maxille af forskellige Decapoder. 70. Cerataspis longiremis. 71. Stenopus hispidus. 72. Penæu s caramote. 73. Sergestes Frisii. 74. Sergestes tenuiremi aff. 75. Leucifer. 76. H ippolyte Gaimardii. 77. Endognathen af samme. /S i denne og følgende Figur en Proces fra Oversiden af den uklovede Lac. interna. 78. Pandalus borealis; Endognathen alene. 79. Palæmonetes varians i Mysis-Stadiet; su en lille Tyggeflig der udspringer fra Palpen. 80. Samme i Zoea-Stadiet, nyfødt. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-192-dans-une-phase-plus-avancee-les-pattes-thoraciques-zd29wuyp.png Fig. 192. — Dans une phase plus avancée, les pattes thoraciques des deux premières paires, qui sont munies de forts exopodites, et la 5me paire, qui en est et en restera privée 3 ), https://scispace.com/figures/fig-39-stenopus-hispidus-pcnaeus-caramote-sergestes-frisii-wnl3z6mz.png Fig. 39. Stenopus hispidus. Pcnæus caramote. Sergestes Frisii. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-99-vil-se-findes-hos-penaeus-derimod-har-den-den-samme-3bgnosno.png Fig. 99 vil se findes hos Penæus; derimod har den den samme lille afrundede borstebesatte Proces paa Palpens Yderrand. Mandiblen: Palpen meget bred ligesom hos Penæus, https://scispace.com/papers/studies-in-the-utilization-of-biobased-additives-as-thermal-4j22auxost 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-iv-the-change-of-conductivity-of-aqueous-solution-2iowug1u.png Figure IV. The change of conductivity of aqueous solution with respect to time at 160oC for plasticized PVC stabilized with metal soaps of RSO. (1) 10% Zn soap (2) 50% Zn soap (3) 90% Zn soap. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-iii-the-change-of-conductivity-of-aqueous-solution-16ndwjvy.png Figure III. The change of conductivity of aqueous solution with respect to time at 160oC for plasticized PVC stabilized with metal soaps of RSO. (1) 10% Cd soap (2) 50% Cd soap (3) 90% Cd soap. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-kinetic-parameters-for-the-degradation-of-307t56x5.png Table 4. Kinetic parameters for the degradation of plasticized PVC stabilized with ERSO and ERSO/metal soap mixtures https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-colour-and-yellowness-index-of-plasticized-pvc-2nwq5p2a.png Table 2. Colour and Yellowness Index of plasticized PVC samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-effect-of-erso-and-soaps-of-rso-on-the-thermal-33ykm7zv.png Table 6. Effect of ERSO and soaps of RSO on the thermal dehydrochlorination of plasticized PVC at 160oC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-vi-the-change-of-conductivity-of-aqueous-solution-1kd2k748.png Figure VI. The change of conductivity of aqueous solution with respect to time at 160oC for plasticized PVC stabilized with metal soaps of RSO. (1) 4one (2) ERSO (3) ERSO + Ba soap (4) ERSO + Cd soap. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-ii-the-change-of-conductivity-of-aqueous-solution-y5iwlu6t.png Figure II. The change of conductivity of aqueous solution with respect to time at 160oC for plasticized PVC stabilized with metal soaps of RSO. (1) 4one (2) Ba-RSO (3) Ca-RSO (4) Cd-RSO (5) Zn-RSO https://scispace.com/papers/studies-of-concentration-dependences-in-the-luminescence-of-5bs14ssq2z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-excitation-spectra-monitored-at-325-nm-in-25x07d6q.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Excitation spectra monitored at 325 nm in Al2O3 doped with 10 ppm of Ti (1) and anion-deficient Al2O3 (2). T¼ 8 K. The low energy part of the spectra is fitted by three Gaussians. Spectra are vertically shifted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-excitation-spectra-monitored-at-290-nm-in-23rp2mex.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Excitation spectra monitored at 290 nm in Al2O3 doped with 10 (1), 50 (2), 100 (3), and 500 ppm of Ti (4). T¼ 8 K. Spectra are vertically shifted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-excitation-spectrum-monitored-at-600-nm-1rvpbfk9.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Excitation spectrum monitored at 600 nm in heavily doped Al2O3 (1000 ppm of Ti). 2-absorption spectrum of the sample. T¼ 300 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-excitation-spectra-monitored-at-420-nm-in-28ggwh12.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Excitation spectra monitored at 420 nm in Al2O3 doped with 50 (1), 100 (2), 500 ppm of Ti (3) and anion-deficient Al2O3 (4). T¼ 8 K. Spectra are vertically shifted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-excitation-spectra-monitored-at-680-nm-in-oqch6doa.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Excitation spectra monitored at 680 nm in Al2O3 doped with 10 (1), 50 (2), 100 (3), and 500 ppm of Ti (4). T¼ 8 K. Spectra are vertically shifted. https://scispace.com/papers/studies-of-atmospheric-noise-on-mauna-kea-at-143-ghz-with-3sj5uljvkz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-histogram-of-the-average-fitted-value-of-g-th-285yr4rl.png Figure 2. LEFT: Histogram of the average fitted value of γ(θ) from Equation 4 for the 57% of the observations that produced a valid fit of the model. For these fits γ(θ) was assumed to be constant (i.e., no running). Note that γ(θ) is expected to have a value between 1.6 and 2.0 if the Kolmogorov-Taylor exponent β = 11/3. CENTER and RIGHT: Plots of the slope of Θf/spair versus frequency for all bolometer pairs and all scans of a given observation. This slope is binned according to θpair, and a sinusoidal fit is overlaid in red. The fit is based only on frequencies where the atmospheric noise is the dominant signal, which is usually f .5 Hz. The plot on the left comes from an observation taken in relatively good weather and the plot on the right comes from an observation taken in relatively poor weather. In general, the data collected in good weather is well fit by the model, while data collected in bad weather is not. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-plots-of-the-time-stream-rms-as-a-function-of-1hjygn77.png Figure 8. Plots of the time-stream RMS as a function of zenith atmospheric opacity at 225 GHz. The plot on the left shows data prior to removing atmospheric noise, and the plot on the right shows data after subtraction of an average template. Note that there is little or no correlation between the amount of atmospheric noise as measured by the time-stream RMS and the amount of water vapor as measured by the atmospheric opacity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-top-left-the-map-psd-for-all-of-the-lynx-field-data-7b7nxx32.png Figure 5. TOP LEFT: The map PSD for all of the Lynx field data, processed using average subtraction, planar subtraction, quadratic subtraction, or the optimal subtraction for each observation. TOP RIGHT: The map PSD for the four data sets divided by the window function for each subtraction algorithm and the window function of the beam. This plot shows the relative sensitivity per unit ∆ log( ) to a flat band power CMB power spectrum in C ( + 1)/2π. Note that average, planar, and optimal subtraction provide the best sensitivity to a CMB power spectrum at some angular scales, but not all angular scales. BOTTOM: Plots of the cumulative sensitivity to a flat band power CMB power spectrum including all of the data at multipoles > . The two curves for each data set represent the uncertainty based on the RMS variations in each -bin. Note that the sensitivity, including all -bins, is consistent for the average, planar, and optimal data sets. Therefore, our sensitivity to a CMB signal is largely independent of whether average of planar subtraction is used (quadratic is rarely chosen as the optimal method). Additionally, there is little change in the overall sensitivity if the optimal method is chosen by -bin rather than by observation. This result implies that the CMB signal and the atmospheric noise signal are nearly indistinguishable if they are modeled as linearly varying over our eight arcminute field of view. However, since quadratic subtraction reduces our sensitivity, we can infer that the CMB signal shows more decorrelation on small scales than the atmospheric noise signal, which is reasonable since the power spectrum of the atmosphere goes like α−11/3 and the power spectrum of the CMB goes like α−2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-estimated-uncertainty-on-measuring-the-amplitude-2uob7lq2.png Table 1. The estimated uncertainty on measuring the amplitude of a flat CMB power spectrum for all of the Lynx observations. The four data sets include: our actual data, simulated data using our actual time-stream noise spectra, simulated data using our actual time-stream white noise level, and our actual data after masking off 79 of our 115 detectors so that the spacing between all detectors is at least 2(f/#)λ. For the two simulated data sets the bolometer time-streams are uncorrelated. The results for the second and fourth data sets are similar, after accounting for the reduction in detector number in the fourth set, indicating that the majority of the correlations between our detector time-streams are between adjacent detector pairs. The results show that our sensitivity to a CMB amplitude is reduced by a factor of 1.6 due to these correlations, and by another factor of 1.7 due to the f−δ-type spectrum of the residual atmospheric noise in our data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-map-psds-for-actual-and-simulated-time-streams-the-1uwfmecu.png Figure 7. Map PSDs for actual and simulated time-streams. The solid black line shows the map PSD for all of the Lynx data. The red dotted line shows the map PSD for simulated data generated using the noise spectrum of our actual time-streams, except that the simulated data are uncorrelated between detectors. The green dashed line shows the map PSD for uncorrelated simulated data that have a flat frequency spectrum and is based on the white noise level of our actual data. The blue dot-dashed line shows the map PSD for a map made from our actual data, after masking out some detectors so that the spacing between all detectors is at least at least 2(f/#)λ. This reduces the number of detectors from 115 to 36, but it discards the highly correlated data between adjacent detector pairs. Note that this spectrum has been multiplied by p 36/115 to account for the change in the number of detectors. Since this PSD overlaps with the uncorrelated simulated PSD, we can conclude that most of the correlations between detector time-streams are among adjacent detector pairs, and these residual correlations have a significant impact on the noise of the resulting maps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-left-plots-of-the-average-xpsd-for-frequencies-1i0j9qi3.png Figure 6. LEFT: Plots of the average xPSD for frequencies below 0.25 Hz for all bolometers for a single observation as a function of bolometer separation. The top plot shows data collected in relatively good weather, and the bottom plot shows data collected in relatively poor weather. Note the residual correlation at small separations that remains after removing an atmospheric template for the data collected in poor weather. For reference, adjacent bolometers are separated by approximately 2/3 arcminute. The reason the correlations in the plots above seem low (i.e., why the raw correlation does not approach 1 as the separation goes to 0) is because of the steep f−δ profile of the atmospheric noise. The data in the plot above has been averaged over all frequencies below 250 mHz, while most of the power in the time-stream data, which was used to compute the correlations in Figure 1, is at very low frequencies below 100 mHz. CENTER and RIGHT: Histograms of the relative xPSD for frequencies below 0.25 Hz for both adjacent and non-adjacent bolometer pairs. The top row shows data processed with average subtraction, and the bottom row shows data processed with quadratic subtraction. Note the dramatic reduction in correlation for the quadratic-subtracted data compared to the average-subtracted data. Also note the high level of correlation between adjacent bolometer pairs, even with the more aggressive quadratic subtraction method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plots-of-the-time-stream-psds-averaged-over-all-bp3jrbh2.png Figure 3. Plots of the time-stream PSDs averaged over all scans and all bolometers for a single observation. The top row shows data from an observation made in relatively good weather, and the bottom row shows an observation made in relatively poor weather. For each plot, the atmospheric subtraction algorithm applied to the data is given in the legend. Overlaid as a dotted line in each plot is the profile of the Bolocam beam. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-power-spectra-for-the-templates-generated-by-the-1blfd21j.png Figure 4. Power spectra for the templates generated by the quadratic sky subtraction algorithm. The plot on the left represents data collected in relatively good weather, and the plot on the right shows data collected in relatively poor weather. All six elements of pi are plotted, with labels given in the upper right of each plot. The higher-order elements in pi are shown for a bolometer approximately half-way between the array center and the edge of the array. Therefore, the PSDs for these pi will be larger for bolometers at the edge of the focal plane, and they will be zero for a bolometer at the center of the focal plane. Note that the magnitude of the higher-order templates in bad weather is a factor of 2 larger than the magnitude of the higher-order templates in good weather. https://scispace.com/papers/studies-of-basic-electronic-properties-of-cdte-based-solar-1ketq7qny1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-2-open-circuit-voltage-versus-cell-efficiency-dot-3cvsi3xk.png Fig. 5.2 Open circuit voltage versus cell efficiency. Dot cells 0.079 cm2 each, were processed with CBD or evaporated CdS, and CdTe deposited in gas-jet system with nitrogen or helium carrier gas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-scaps-simulated-8-mm-and-3-mm-cells-for-t-170oc-4rwmc53e.png Figure 2.4 SCAPS simulated 8 μm and 3 μm cells for T=-170oC. DES energy levels relative to Fermi level (left). Free carrier density (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-j-v-t-curves-for-cell-with-the-yes-cu-yes-cdcl2-1abujtug.png Figure 4.4 J-V-T curves for cell with the yes-Cu/yes-CdCl2 treatment at 10o C increments ranging from 20oC to -40oC (blue), -50oC to -110oC (green), and -120oC to -180oC (red). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-5-scaps-simulated-8-mm-and-3-mm-cells-hole-capture-1q56rs5h.png Figure 2.5 SCAPS simulated 8 μm and 3 μm cells. Hole capture and emission rates (left) and ionized DES density (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-16-arrhenius-plot-for-des-in-the-cells-produced-by-397zaoru.png Figure 4.16 Arrhenius plot for DES in the cells produced by Wu and detected with AS (top) and CTr (bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-and-pc-olnddc-p-vs-ac-frequency-at-different-2qf5alxo.png Figure 1.3 and pC ( )ωlnddC p vs. AC frequency at different temperatures for a CdTe solar cell. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-10-j-v-curves-for-iec-cells-with-yes-no-cu-and-yes-mtl5u4ku.png Figure 4.10 J-V curves for IEC cells with yes/no Cu and yes/no CdCl2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-11-qe-curves-for-iec-cells-with-yes-no-cu-and-yes-18l3rhhx.png Figure 4.11 QE curves for IEC cells with yes/no Cu and yes/no CdCl . 2 https://scispace.com/papers/studies-of-high-gain-micro-channel-plate-photomultipliers-2f9xrrco5w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-stows-she-gala-of-the-proximity-focused-54129-tube-2lx5lrat.png Figure 11 stows she gala of the proximity focused 54129 tube in different magnetic fields. Below the cut-off angle of 75°, the curves represent the characteristics of the MCP itself . When the curves are plottad as a function of tha perpendicular coaponant of th' magnetic field, the points a l l fall In a universal curve as shown ia Fig. 12. In the procedure, the gala was normalised by the gain at Bj_ - 0 for each value of the parallel component (Fig. 9). This universal curve means that the gala of the MCP la the oagnatie field could ba represented by the product of tha n o formulas, one of which is a function of the parallel end the other of the perpendicular magnetic field only. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-output-degradation-in-three-mcp-pmis-in-the-off-axis-1upvo9o8.png Fig. 10. Output degradation in three MCP-PMIs In the off-axis magnetic field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-output-degradation-la-thraa-mcp-pmts-la-tha-off-axis-33qiomqs.png Fig. 9. Output degradation la thraa MCP-PMTs la tha off-axis magnetic fiald. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-of-the-l-i-f-e-test-of-s1294x-tmejmnns.png Fig. 4. Results of the l i f e test of S1294X. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cross-sectional-view-of-the-mcp-pmt-b1294x-48z5vwov.png Fig. 1 . Cross-sectional view of the MCP-PMT B1294X https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-316991vp.png Table I . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-plot-of-the-output-degradation-in-f4129-as-a-function-37lv5sb8.png Fig. 12. Plot of the output degradation in F4129 as a function of the perpendicular component of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-transmission-of-the-photo-electrons-through-the-al-kpgxllvn.png Fig. 3. Transmission of the photo-electrons through the Al this tlla. https://scispace.com/papers/studies-of-multichannel-rotational-predissociation-of-ar-h2-2dmuztbucr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-typical-two-channel-block-with-n-50-for-each-block-0-30fqwto5.png FIG. 6. A typical two-channel block (with N = 50 for each block) 0/ trajectory for the Ar ••• H2 metastable state (j = 1 = 2,J=M = 0) with potential BC(I). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-typical-two-channel-block-with-n-50-for-each-block-a-25ai7rtv.png FIG. 7. A typical two-channel block (with N = 50 for each block) a trajectory for the Ar··· H2 metastable state (j =1 = 2,J=M = 0) with potential BC(II). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-typical-two-channel-block-with-n-50-for-each-block-3mma8xi0.png FIG. 4. A typical two-channel block (with N = 50 for each block) 01 trajectory for the Ar ••• H2 metastable state (j = l = 2, J=M=O) with potential LJ(II). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-typical-two-channel-block-with-n-50-for-each-block-dvinaemj.png FIG. 5. A typical two-channel block (with N = 50 for each block) 01 trajectory for the Ar ••• H2 metastable state (j = l = 2, J = M = 0) with potential LJ(I). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-lj-12-6-potential-parametersd-characterizing-the-ar-1eb6tz5g.png TABLE I. LJ(12, 6) potential parametersd characterizing the Ar-H2 van der Waals complex studied in the present work. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-summary-of-the-converged-resonance-positions-of-the-283rcsq6.png TABLE V. Summary of the converged resonance positions of the metastable Ar ••• H2 complex (with l = j = 2, J = M = 0) obtained in the present study. All channel blocks have the same basis size Ny = 50. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-typical-two-channel-block-with-n-40-m-60-for-each-11jo01i5.png FIG. 8. A typical two-channel block (with N=40, M=60 for each block) Ci trajectory for the Ar'" H2 metastable state (j = l = 2, J = M = 0) with potential TT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-typical-a-trajectory-for-the-complex-eigenvalue-3mjg2ryh.png FIG. 3. A typical a trajectory for the complex eigenvalue associated with the rotational predissociation of the metastable level (j=l= 2, J=M= 0) of the Ar'" H2 van der Waals molecule [with potential LJ(III)]. The numbers on the dots shown in the figure indicate the rotational angles (in radians) used. These are threechannel-block calculations with N = 50 for each block. https://scispace.com/papers/studies-of-polymer-microring-lasers-subject-to-uniaxial-40l4a7guqt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-laser-emission-spectra-and-b-the-1rryqx1c.png FIG. 2. Color online a Laser emission spectra and b the corresponding PFT of a polymer microring laser subjected to uniaxial stress, with strain up to 12% as indicated. The arrows in b point to the fourth discrete FT harmonics for better showing the decrease in d induced upon stretching. The inset of a shows the stretching direction, the initial Li and final Lf lengths, and diameters Di and Df, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-emission-spectrum-of-a-microring-laser-2uzw94et.png FIG. 1. Color online a Emission spectrum of a microring laser see inset fabricated from DOO-PPV polymer on a nylon microfiber 37 m in diameter measured above the laser threshold. b Power Fourier transform PFT spectrum of the emission spectrum in a . The inset shows the emission intensity vs. excitation intensity, with laser threshold at 25 nJ/pulse. c PFT of polymer microring laser emission spectra having various diameters as indicated. The inset shows the obtained neff for the gain medium using Eq. 3 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-change-in-the-laser-parameter-neffd-red-10cjhhho.png FIG. 3. Color online a Change in the laser parameter neffD red circles; left scale induced upon stretching obtained from the analysis of the emission spectra in Fig. 2 using Eq. 3 ; the corresponding changes in D blue squares; right scale measured by an optical microscope are also given for comparison. b Calculated change in neff induced upon stretching, as obtained from the data in a . c Refraction index dispersion spectrum dn /d of an unstretched blue line and stretched red line polymer film on a nylon substrate subjected to strain of 5%. The inset shows the corresponding change in n spectrum plotted with the same color code. https://scispace.com/papers/studies-of-salivary-pepsin-in-patients-with-gastro-1supkexkpg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-peptest-and-pepsin-elisa-19ma2zva.png Figure 2. Comparison of Peptest and pepsin ELISA. https://scispace.com/papers/studies-of-structure-and-dynamics-of-solid-polymers-by-1e24mcw45k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-high-resolution-backscattering-spectrometer-for-3bcshr23.png Fig. 5: High resolution backscattering spectrometer for quasielastic neutron scattering experiments (14). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-quasielastic-neutron-scattering-of-uniaxially-oriented-2v63u8r7.png Fig. 6: Quasielastic neutron scattering of uniaxially oriented n-C33H68 crystals (10). (a) 4 perpendicular to the chain axes, (b) Q parallel to the chain axes, o experimental spectrum, fitted Lorentzian curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-comparison-of-scattering-curves-of-molten-and-uznu03x2.png Fig. 14: Comparison of scattering curves of molten and crystallized poly(ethylene oxide) (26) in the range 0.005<K<0.025 A'. The reciprocal reduced intensity (da/dc21 is plotted versus 2 (in 102nm2). The symbols refer to different concentrations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-between-the-radii-of-gyration-expressed-2hacbazs.png Table 3: Comparison between the radii of gyration (expressed by / M"2) in the melt and in the semicrystalline state. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-chain-configuration-in-the-semicrystalline-states-1xi3y9ns.png Table 4: Chain configuration in the semicrystalline states angle neutron scattering. as deduced from small https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-incident-and-scattered-neutron-waves-described-by-wave-3jhgw8to.png Fig. 1: Incident and scattered neutron waves described by wave vectors k and k', resprectively (4). dc is the fractional solid angle. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-nature-of-chain-motion-in-the-modifications-c-and-0-fleq6uwh.png Table 2: Nature of chain motion in the modifications C and 0 of n-C33H68. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-density-of-states-of-uniaxially-oriented-crystal-mats-41ssm5zj.png Fig. 9: Density of states of uniaxially oriented crystal mats of n-C32H66 versus energy transfer (17). The spectrum was measured with a triple-axis spectrometer at 200 K. Scattering vector Q parallel to chain axis. https://scispace.com/papers/studies-on-japanese-botryllid-ascidians-iv-a-new-species-of-mui9157i5i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-botryllus-horridus-n-sp-stages-in-the-metamorphosis-1vf1a14g.png Fig. 5. Botryllus horridus n. sp. Stages in the metamorphosis from larval attachment to a functional oozooid. (a) An oozooid, three hr after larval attachment. Tail absorption is finished and the primordial branchial and atrial siphons are recognizable. (b) The same, six hr after attachment. Morphogenesis of the organs is proceeding, and the branchial sac has become visible through the tunic. (c) The same, 20 hr after attachment. Metamorphosis is almost complete. (d) The same, 44 hr after attachment. Both branchial and atrial siphons open, and on the right side of the branchial sac the first pallial bud is formed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cross-sections-of-a-bud-and-a-functional-zooid-of-3d6vzu31.png Fig. 4. Cross-sections of a bud and a functional zooid of Botryllus horridus n. sp. (a) A mature egg before ovulation in an ovary of a bud. Neither the peribranchial epithelium nor the branchial sac forms any brooding organs. (b) An embryo developing in the peribranchial cavity of a zooid. There is no brooding organ around the developing embryo. br, branchial sac; eg, egg; em, embryo; en, endostyle; in, intestine; pbc, peribranchial cavity; pbe, peribranchial epithelium; st, stomach; te, testis. Scale bar is 200 µ m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-botryllus-horridus-n-sp-a-a-zooid-from-the-left-side-b-30t7j42y.png Fig. 3. Botryllus horridus n. sp. (a) A zooid from the left side. (b) A larva from the right side. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-photographs-of-living-colonies-of-botryllus-horridus-n-1kojts9a.png Fig. 1. Photographs of living colonies of Botryllus horridus n. sp. (a) A colony grown on a glass plate. (b) A colony packed with systems. In a crowded colony with systems, elongated oval systems tend to increase in number. Scale bar is 1 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-botryllus-horridus-n-sp-peripheral-region-of-a-colony-hr22ch43.png Fig. 2. Botryllus horridus n. sp. Peripheral region of a colony. https://scispace.com/papers/studies-on-single-turn-extraction-for-a-superconducting-49souvp2l8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-src-layouts-with-three-or-four-cavities-tp2cwa7w.png Figure 4: The SRC layouts with three or four cavities. Injection and extraction routes are indicated by arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-phase-space-motion-with-and-without-precession-near-2xhijo3a.png Figure 6: Phase space motion with and without precession near the extraction region. The third harmonic gradient field of 0.7 gauss/cm is imposed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-maximum-magnetic-fields-in-the-extraction-region-of-2xyncgdj.png Figure 1: Maximum magnetic fields in the extraction region of the SRC for design nuclei. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-accelerator-chain-of-the-primary-beam-in-the-ribf-2dmyusfd.png Figure 3: Accelerator chain of the primary beam in the RIBF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tune-diagram-of-the-design-nuclei-in-the-src-3gpr0tua.png Figure 2: Tune diagram of the design nuclei in the SRC. https://scispace.com/papers/studies-on-the-morphology-and-life-history-of-nematodes-in-27u3kynpy1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1dghrfqh.png Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-is-section-through-the-middle-region-of-the-intestine-emcuta02.png Fig. IS.—Section through the middle region of the intestine, showing dorsal and ventral ridges. Mordanted Delafield's and eosin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-37-angle-muscle-nucleus-of-the-cylindrical-esophagus-oil-3nbun7bf.png Fig. 37.—Angle muscle nucleus of the cylindrical esophagus. Oil immersion. Heidenhain's with eosin. Free-hand. Type 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-longitudinal-section-of-proximal-end-of-an-ovary-188g98l1.png Fig. 21.—Longitudinal section of proximal end of an ovary. Mallory's triple. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-1naxvvmd.png Fig. 10. https://scispace.com/papers/studies-on-the-mechanism-of-replication-of-adenovirus-dna-3i0q92jub6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-double-branched-replicative-intermediates-of-ad5-dna-23d2u77h.png FIG. 7. Double-branched replicative intermediates of Ad5 DNA isolated from HUT-treated infected cells 30 min after release of the HU-block. The DNA was mounted from a 80% formamide solution and layered onto a 50% formamide solution. The length ratio @X RF/+X SS equals 0.98. Branch migration can be observed in all molecules presented. Bar denotes 1 pm. (a) Displacement synthesis has progressed as far as 44 and 51% of the genome. (b) Displacement synthesis has progressed as far as 51 and 61% of the genome. The arrow points to the fork enlarged in Fig. 9. (c) Displacement synthesis has progressed as far as 17 and 56% of the genome. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-linear-single-strand-containing-replicative-35n7ezwn.png FIG. 4. Linear single-strand containing replicative intermediates of Ad5 DNA from purified infected nuclei, The DNA was mounted as in Fig. 2. (a) Linear molecule with a single-stranded end representing 27% of the genome. Bar denotes 0.1 pm. (b) Linear molecule with a single-stranded end representing 7% of the genome. Bar denotes 1 Frn. The inset shows an enlargement of the single-stranded end. (cl Detail of a linear molecule with a single-stranded gap of 3% of the molecular length. Bar denotes 0.1 pm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-sucrose-gradient-centrifugation-of-new-viral-3h-dna-upc882g6.png FIG. 10. Sucrose gradient centrifugation of new viral [3H]DNA synthesized during 7 min after release of a HU-block (Fig. 6A and B) which has been digested by Eco RI endonuclease (A). Digested mature [32P]Ad5 DNA (0) was cocentrifuged to indicate the positions of the A, B, and C fragments, respectively. Centrifugation is from right to left, and was performed as described in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-array-of-branched-replicative-intermediates-of-ad5-dna-25m51m7p.png FIG. 3. Array of branched replicative intermediates of Ad5 DNA. Molecules have been normalized to unit genome length. Thick and thin lines represent double- and single-stranded DNA, respectively. All forks have been oriented to the right. In the lower part of the array branched molecules have been displayed with a duplex segment on their single-stranded branch. All normalized distances from the fork to the left end of the duplex have been summarized in the histogram. https://scispace.com/papers/studies-on-the-recovery-of-bleached-corals-in-andaman-fishes-29kgtuhpb1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-25-2-percentage-cover-of-corals-bleaching-vis-a-vis-3rxlx78v.png Table 25.2 Percentage cover of corals: bleaching vis-à-vis recovery period https://scispace.com/figures/table-25-1-hydrographical-parameters-of-the-study-area-3n2if2h6.png Table 25.1 Hydrographical parameters of the study area https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-2-rainfall-during-april-june-in-the-last-25-years-qqgail2j.png Fig. 25.2 Rainfall during April–June in the last 25 years https://scispace.com/figures/table-25-3-monthly-chlorophyll-a-concentrations-from-march-2ahkcwch.png Table 25.3 Monthly Chlorophyll-a concentrations from March to June of 2010 and 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-1-map-showing-the-study-sites-north-bay-tarmugli-and-3luz1n17.png Fig. 25.1 Map showing the study sites, North Bay, Tarmugli and Chidiyatapu in Andaman and Nicobar Islands https://scispace.com/figures/table-25-4-status-of-reef-fishes-bleaching-vis-a-vis-37vhgwxa.png Table 25.4 Status of reef fishes: bleaching vis-à-vis recovery period https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-3-monthly-average-chlorophyll-a-concentrations-from-2opnxtsg.png Fig. 25.3 Monthly average Chlorophyll-a concentrations from March to June of 2010 and 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-4-reef-fish-abundance-through-both-the-periods-38c3ypeu.png Fig. 25.4 Reef fish abundance through both the periods https://scispace.com/papers/studies-overestimate-the-extent-of-circadian-rhythm-2c7thxn54f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-p66shc-knockout-ko-on-the-mouse-liver-g3221uop.png Figure 6: Effect of p66Shc knockout (KO) on the mouse liver clock. (A) The number of transcripts in the four categories resulting from DiffR analysis of the data (Pei et al., 2019) using hypothesis testing and model selection. (B) Circular plot representing the phase and amplitude change between control and KO in the transcripts in the ‘change’ category in (A). Amplitude changes are represented as radial deviations from the solid gray circle and angular phase (in h) are positive for delays and negative for advances. (C) KEGG and Molecular Signatures hallmark gene set enrichment of all the DiffR transcripts with the set of transcripts rhythmic in either control or p66Shc KO as background. (D) Raw log2 expression time courses under control and p66Shc KO of selected transcripts up-regulated in KRAS signaling. The lines are the mean LOESS-smoothed expression profiles for visual comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-accession-number-of-the-public-data-from-geo-3fawmevo.png Table 2: Accession number of the public data from GEO analyzed in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-two-approaches-for-diffr-identification-kgqntul3.png Figure 2: The two approaches for DiffR identification implemented in compareRhythms. The DiffR transcripts are classified into four categories: loss, gain, change and same rhythms in condition 2 with respect to condition 1. rhythm fdr, compare fdr, amp cutoff and schwarz wt cutoff are parameters controlling different thresholds within the analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-a-high-fat-diet-hfd-on-the-mouse-liver-opbswq6j.png Figure 4: Effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the mouse liver clock. (A) The number of rhythmic transcripts (open bars) and DiffR transcripts (filled bars) called by the two approaches in the microarray data (Eckel-Mahan et al., 2013) and the analogous RNA-seq data (Quagliarini et al., 2019) using compareRhythms with default parameters. The percentage of rhythmic transcripts called DiffR is displayed within the bars. (B) The classification of DiffR hits predicted by hypothesis testing into those that ‘change’, ‘gain’ or ‘lose’ rhythms. Rhythmic DiffR misses have the ‘same’ rhythms in the two groups. (C) Circular plot representing the phase and amplitude change in the DiffR transcripts between control and HFD. Amplitude changes are represented as radial deviations from the solid gray circle and angular phase (in h) are positive for delays and negative for advances. (D) The top five KEGG enrichment categories for DiffR transcripts in each dataset. (E) The raw data as log2 expression for the 9 core clock genes, out of which 7 are DiffR in either the microarray or RNA-seq datasets. The lines are the mean LOESS-smoothed expression profiles for visual comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-precision-recall-performance-of-different-3bdrw99r.png Figure 3: Precision-recall performance of different compareRhythms approaches applied to the second scenario. (Left) Performance of hypothesis testing and model selection on the data analyzed in Figs. 1E,F,G without an amplitude threshold (Acutoff) for rhythmic transcripts. (Right) Performance of the two approaches with an amplitude threshold on data analyzed in Fig. 1E,F,G aimed at recovering the true DiffR transcripts with biologically relevance (with amplitudes > 0.5 log2 expression). Performance at the default setting in compareRhythms is marked with circles. The curves were constructed by varying compare fdr for hypothesis testing and schwarz wt cutoff for model selection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-venn-diagram-analysis-vda-of-two-artificial-4v93pxfw.png Figure 1: Venn diagram analysis (VDA) of two artificial circadian studies created from Hughes et al. (2009) data. (A) Construction of two scenarios from the high resolution time series of Hughes et al. (2009). Results of the VDA of the first scenario comparing old and even time samples for two different false discovery rate (FDR) thresholds: (B) 0.05 and (C) 0.001. (D) The fraction of rhythmic transcripts incorrectly identified as DiffR for different FDR thresholds under the first scenario. (E) The result of the VDA of the second scenario, where a known set of 500 transcripts is truly DiffR with changes in both amplitude and phase. (F) Precision-recall curve of the overall performance of VDA under the second scenario. The circles are two possible operating points (FDR threshold = 8⇥ 10 4(white fill), 0.05 (grey fill)). (G) VDA results for the best precision-recall performance point (open circle in (F)). The number of true DiffR transcripts identified in each group is given within square brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-the-analysis-3sswgbw5.png Table 1: Advantages and disadvantages of the analysis pipelines in compareRhythms. Linear modeling encompasses all implementations of hypothesis testing other than DODR, i.e., limma, voom, DESeq2, edgeR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-a-ketogenic-diet-kd-on-the-mouse-liver-3ltyqhq5.png Figure 5: Effect of a ketogenic diet (KD) on the mouse liver clock. (A) The number of transcripts in the four categories resulting from DiffR analysis of microarray data (Tognini et al., 2017) using hypothesis testing and model selection. (B) Circular plot representing the phase and amplitude change in the transcripts in the ‘change’ category in (A) between control and KD. Amplitude changes are represented as radial deviations from the solid gray circle and angular phase (in h) are positive for delays and negative for advances. (C) KEGG and Molecular Signatures hallmark gene set enrichment of all the DiffR transcripts with the set of transcripts rhythmic in either control or KD as background. (D) Raw log2 expression time courses of selected transcripts involved in Interferon response under control and KD. The lines are the mean LOESS-smoothed expression profiles for visual comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/studies-on-the-synthesis-of-phlegmarine-type-lycopodium-2jc67rznre 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-representative-phlegmarine-type-lycopodium-ss5cswlk.png Figure 2. Representative phlegmarine-type Lycopodium alkaloids. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representative-plant-amphibian-and-marine-30q0eu1h.png Figure 1. Representative plant, amphibian and marine decahydroquinoline alkaloids. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cyclocondensation-reactions-2dqlhlpe.png Table 1. Cyclocondensation Reactions https://scispace.com/papers/studies-with-neuronal-cells-from-basic-studies-of-mechanisms-xgqdnh5fxn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-in-vitro-neuronal-in-vivo-parameters-of-the-effects-p6p5xkho.png Table 1.- In vitro neuronal / in vivo parameters of the effects of polychlorocycloalkane pesticides https://scispace.com/papers/studies-with-chlorinated-dibenzo-p-dioxins-polybrominated-5ellli3hpr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2mbt7uk7.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-3-3-mw-voltage-source-active-rectifier-379ocjy28w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-voltage-waveform-at-the-common-dc-link-under-1gay0wpj.png Figure 8. The voltage waveform at the common DC-link under stady-state condition (load power P=3.3MW, for the high proportional gain) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-voltage-waveform-at-the-common-dc-link-under-3momwkxt.png Figure 10. The voltage waveform at the common DC-link under stady-state condition (load power P=3.3MW, for the CDC=72mF) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-voltage-waveform-at-the-common-dc-link-under-2egrwixn.png Figure 6. The voltage waveform at the common DC-link under stady-state condition (load power P=3.3MW) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-harmonic-analysis-of-the-voltage-at-common-dc-link-2ie1krvi.png Figure 7. Harmonic analysis of the voltage at common DC-link under stady-state condition (load power P=3.3MW) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-harmonic-analysis-of-the-voltage-at-common-dc-link-190d8kie.png Figure 9. Harmonic analysis of the voltage at common DC-link under stady-state condition (load power P=3.3MW, for the high proportional gain) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-phase-currents-and-voltages-for-converter-under-343x7jlg.png Figure 4. Phase currents and voltages for converter under stadystate condition (load power P=3.3MW) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-harmonic-analysis-of-the-phase-currents-under-stady-3s83grz0.png Figure 5. Harmonic analysis of the phase currents under stady-state condition (load power P=3.3MW) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-of-three-phase-voltage-source-active-wgtpvigd.png TABLE I. PARAMETERS OF THREE-PHASE VOLTAGE-SOURCE ACTIVE RECTIFIER MATHEMATICAL MODEL https://scispace.com/papers/study-by-x-ray-diffraction-and-mechanical-analysis-of-the-5bq1jp2pyv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-samples-and-their-principal-characteristics-15abt76a.png Table 3 Samples and their principal characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-residual-stresses-in-the-depth-of-a-wc-co-coating-i5cjj79x.png Fig. 7. Residual stresses in the depth of a WC /Co coating sprayed by HVOF. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-coefficients-of-linear-thermal-expansion-of-coating-312pgcrt.png Table 5 Coefficients of linear thermal expansion of coating and substrate materials used in the thermal stress estimation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-residual-stresses-in-the-surface-layer-50-mm-thick-of-352um93i.png Fig. 3. Residual stresses in the surface layer (50 mm thick) of alumina coatings sprayed by APS on substrates of different materials and thicknesses, and with or without bondcoat. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-micrographs-of-the-fracture-surface-of-wc-co-3vmsc5tf.png Fig. 2. SEM micrographs of the fracture surface of WC /Co coatings sprayed by: (a) APS, (b) HVOF. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-samples-and-parameters-used-for-the-calculation-of-dzzjwv0k.png Table 8 Samples and parameters used for the calculation of cooling stresses by the mechanical method https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-typical-aps-spraying-parameters-14u81obk.png Table 1 Typical APS spraying parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-residual-stresses-in-layers-10-mm-thick-through-depth-1znqk9gk.png Fig. 4. Residual stresses in layers (10 mm thick) through-depth distributed in NiAl coatings with two different thicknesses, sprayed by APS (samples 11 /12). https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-a-si-crystallization-dependence-on-power-and-feiisuzxw8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-crystalline-fraction-as-a-function-of-the-distance-3aw1rojk.png Figure 3. Crystalline fraction as a function of the distance to the centre of the laser spot for different irradiation times and a fixed laser power of 124 mW. The lines are drawn to help visualization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-red-solid-lines-right-axis-simulated-maximum-1vcqrobd.png Figure 4. (Red solid lines, right axis) Simulated maximum temperature reached on the surface of the sample at the end of the laser irradiation and (blue circles, left axis) experimental crystalline fraction as a function of the radius for different irradiation times and a fixed power of 124mW: (left) 0.5 ms; (centre) 1 ms; (right) 10 ms. Red dashed lines indicated the diameter of the spot in which the measured crystalline fraction is non negligible and the corresponding simulated temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-depth-into-the-sample-in-which-the-simulated-39du8auj.png Figure 5. Depth into the sample in which the simulated temperature has reached at least 1420 K (light red filled areas) as a function of the radius for different irradiation times and a fixed power of 124mW: (left) 0.5 ms; (centre) 1 ms; (right) 10 ms. In the case of 1 and 10 ms it is also shown the regions in which at least temperatures of (dark red filled areas) 1360 and 910 K respectively are also reached. Those temperature values are experimental determined from data in Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-crystalline-fraction-in-the-centre-of-the-15j4argy.png Figure 6. Crystalline fraction in the centre of the crystallized spot as a function of the laser power for different irradiation times. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-maximum-temperature-profiles-obtained-with-a-cw-22ampj1g.png Figure 1. Maximum temperature profiles obtained with a CW laser (532 nm) with 124 mW and 10 ms: (left) Depth profile (right) Surface profile. Temperaure is expressed in Kelvins (K), and the radial and depth dimensions are in microns (µm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-middle-images-of-crystallized-spots-using-124-mw-3ic50b3a.png Figure 2. (Middle) Images of crystallized spots using 124 mW and three different irradiation times: (left) 0.5 ms (centre) 1.0 ms and (right) 10.0 ms and (below) the measured crystalline fraction in function of the distance to the centre of the spot. The theoretical Gaussian distribution of fluencies in the laser beam is also shown (top). Dashed lines indicate the visual diameter of the crystallized spot. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-a-supercapacitor-energy-storage-system-designed-to-4jjawmxb7m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-rc-model-for-the-supercapacitor-bank-3rf83gcl.png Fig. 5. RC model for the supercapacitor bank https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-diesel-generator-simulator-with-speed-and-voltage-311717gn.png Fig. 8. Diesel generator simulator with speed and voltage regulators https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ess-simulator-with-dc-voltage-and-grid-current-gm7vog1s.png Fig. 6. ESS simulator with DC voltage and grid current controllers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-view-of-the-complete-ship-grid-simulator-with-the-sc-2973g3sb.png Fig. 9. View of the complete ship grid simulator (with the SC ESS) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-dc-voltage-and-sc-ess-active-power-estimated-with-the-1rdmk3ku.png Fig. 7. DC voltage and SC ESS active power estimated with the dedicated ESS simulator https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-simulated-diesel-torque-and-speed-variation-s42eb4kz.png Fig. 11. Simulated diesel torque and speed variation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-dc-voltage-and-current-and-grid-power-balance-2wmrkyej.png Fig. 10. DC voltage and current and grid power balance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simplified-shipgrid-simulated-with-matlab-simulink-sps-3r8vs81e.png Fig. 1. Simplified shipgrid simulated with Matlab/Simulink SPS https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-application-times-gibberellic-acid-and-2-4-3qz9nvhki6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-process-of-production-haploid-plants-from-haploid-1xmqcgoe.png Fig 3. The process of production haploid plants from haploid embryos at different times using 2,4-212 Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-process-of-production-haploid-plants-from-haploid-2q5pa5mk.png Fig. 2. The process of production haploid plants from haploid embryos at different times using gibberellic acid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-haploid-production-process-a-cultivation-of-maize-16ipy99e.png Fig. 1. Haploid production process, A: Cultivation of maize plants B: Cultivation of wheat plants C: Collect pollen140 from maize plants D: Pollination of florets of wheat E: Cover the wheat spikes after pollination F: Maintaining the141 tillers in a liquid culture medium in the germinator G: Spray hormone gibberellic acid on spikes H: The harvested142 seeds are keep in the refrigerator I: Rescue embryo from seed J: The stages of embryo germination and the143 production of haploid plant K: The haploid plant cultivate in the soil bed and adaptation L: Haploid plants produced144 in the tillering stage https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-gibberellic-acid-treatments-on-haploid-29f4bm6e.png Table 2. Comparison of gibberellic acid treatments on haploid plants production in wheat genotypes https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-compact-liquid-metal-mhd-systems-coupled-to-helium-2b0j2nl8u0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-mhd-hgcr-140000-hp-power-plant-weights-and-power-c5uvptq9.png Table X. MHD-HGCR 140,000 ,hp Power Plant Weights and Power . . Densities https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-s-t-a-t-e-p-o-i-n-t-s-and-power-flows-f-o-r-design-3glzpdtt.png Table 11. S t a t e P o i n t s and Power Flows f o r Design System', 0.73 to: 0.8 . ' ' . . Void F rac t ion https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-classical-conditioning-in-aplysia-through-the-gaak558qif 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-circuit-on-which-gluck-thompson-1987-define-a-real-1necl7v2.png Figure 1. Circuit on which Gluck & Thompson (1987) define a real-time learning model, compatible with the preactivation models for non-associative and simple associative learning. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-30-effects-of-the-contingency-when-the-stimulative-oejx5diw.png Figure 30. Effects of the contingency when the stimulative context is explicitly introduced. The procedure is identical to the one described in the Figure 29, but it includes a second CS2 that is present in all the simulation cycles. The range of values for p(NS|notCS) was also amplified so that 54 series of stimuli can be administered independently to a Hawkins network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-conditioning-of-the-second-order-the-procedure-v2r67o72.png Figure 24. Conditioning of the second order. The procedure includes three networks (i.e., three experimental groups), of which two function as control ones, and it is divided into two phases. The Experimental group receives 5 reinforced CS1–NS tests during the first phase. The second phase of this group consists of the administration of another 5 tests during which a new CS2 and the CS1, of the previous phase, which functions as a reinforcer, are being coupled, with an optimal interval. The Control1group receives five tests during the first phase, during which the same EC1 and EI as in the previous group are presented, but not coupled (i.e., with an interval that is much bigger than the optimal one: 15 cycles). The second phase is identical to the one of the Experimental group. The group Control2 has a first phase that is identical to that of the Experimental group; however, during the 5 tests of the second phase, CS2 and CS1 appear as non-coupled. Only the response of the motoneuron to the stimulus, added in the second phase, is shown. In all the cases, the stimuli have a duration cycle, and an intensity 1 for the CSs and 6 for the NS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-habituation-spontaneous-recovery-and-rehabituation-3heskdz3.png Figure 12. Habituation, spontaneous recovery and rehabituation. The procedure consists of 10 presentations of a stimulus with intensity 1 and a duration cycle (10 seconds). The series of 10 stimuli is repeated after a rest period of approximately one hour. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-effect-of-the-interval-between-stimuli-upper-1n82jg68.png Figure 9. Effect of the interval between stimuli (upper graphic) and differential conditioning (lower graphic) shown by NetworkTypeI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-some-of-the-fundamental-differences-between-the-oqo97fah.png Table 1. Some of the fundamental differences between the Gluck & Thompson (1987) model and the Hawkins model (1989 a, b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-acquisition-and-extinction-of-pavlovian-3ctrd379.png Figure 16. Acquisition and extinction of Pavlovian conditioning. Response of the motoneuron to the presentation of two stimuli: one CS (), initially neutral, and one NS (). The graphic shows two phases. The first phase consists of 10 reinforced tests, during which the CS gains the control of the response, whereas the NS loses it (i.e., it habituates). The second phase consists of 10 not-reinforced tests, during which the CS loses the associative force it previously acquired. Test 21 also shows the response of the motoneuron to the CS () of a control group (i.e., another Hawkins network) in which, during the tests of the second phase, no stimulus takes place (i.e., the same simulation cycles elapse, without administration of stimuli). In all the cases, CS as well as NS have a duration of one cycle (i.e., 10 seconds), whereas the CS has intensity 1, and NS has intensity 6. 5 minutes elapse between each presentation of the CS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-circuit-with-which-hawkins-1989a-b-implements-a-2tqalie1.png Figure 2. Circuit with which Hawkins (1989a, b) implements a preactivation model for associative and nonassociative learning. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-biofilms-based-on-filamentous-bamboo-for-surface-17svqpz8ae 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-removal-efficiency-of-codmn-2l5ra9gs.png Fig. 2. Removal efficiency of CODMn https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-water-quality-indexes-of-water-for-experimental-uses-2u1iurhu.png Table 2. Water quality indexes of water for experimental uses (mg/L) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-plastic-fillers-and-bamboo-3bcx0kfa.png Table 1. Characteristics of Plastic Fillers and Bamboo Filaments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-removal-efficiency-of-nitrogenous-compounds-wbngfx4g.png Fig. 3. Removal efficiency of nitrogenous compounds https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-deuterium-retention-in-release-from-iter-relevant-54ifjdmgik 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-d-retention-in-mixed-layers-implanted-523-and-623-k-2hrgkp45.png Figure 4: D retention in mixed layers implanted 523 and 623 K as a function of annealing duration at 513 and 623 K. In the figure, “Timplant” and “Tanneal” indicate the D implantation and annealing temperatures, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stoichiometry-of-mixed-material-layers-prepared-by-3atxacpz.png Table 1: Stoichiometry of mixed material layers prepared by TVA deposition. Concentrations were determined by RBS analysis using a 2.0 MeV 4 He + beam. Layers for composition analysis were deposited on silicon substrates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-d2-desorption-spectra-obtained-from-different-mixed-13ewq5b1.png Figure 3: D2 desorption spectra obtained from different mixed material layers D-implanted at (a) 398 K, (b) 523 K and (c) 623 K. D2 desorption from Be implanted at 320 K is also shown as reference in (a). Lines labeled as “513 K” and “623 K” indicate the ITER baking temperatures for the main chamber and the divertor, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-maximum-d-concentration-d-x-in-different-be-3cgp5ozt.png Figure 2: Maximum D concentration (D/X) in different Be-containing mixed material layers as a function of implantation temperature. The areas labeled as Be, C or W indicate results from a data compilation of experimentally-obtained D/X values for the D concentration in “codeposition layers” [13]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nraresults-particle-energy-spectra-obtained-from-a-3nyn2pxw.png Figure 1: NRAresults:-particle energy spectra obtained from (a) Be, (b) Be-C (C: ~ 50 at.%) and (c) Be-W (W: ~ 6 at.%) after D implantation at 398, 523 and 623 K, together with each SIMNRA fitting result. The profile corresponds to the near surface deuterium depth profile. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-disease-relevant-polymorphisms-in-the-tlr4-and-tlr9-2xi6t3mkfd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bi-pasa-primers-used-in-this-study-27jz9inu.png Table 2 Bi-PASA primers used in this study https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-association-studies-between-tlr4-tlr9-2qi90rjb.png Table 1 Summary of association studies between TLR4/TLR9 polymorphisms and infectious and inflammation-related diseases https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-allele-frequencies-of-each-tlr-polymorphism-in-31tle7ph.png Table 3 Allele frequencies of each TLR polymorphism in distinct ethnic populations [data from Entrez SNP database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ query.fcgi?CMD=search&DB=snp) in November, 2006] and in our study in the Portuguese population https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-distinctive-diagnostic-characteristics-of-2fypqneub5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-colony-of-chrysomphalus-dictyospermi-photo-authors-a-1cuwci7s.png Fig. 1. A colony of Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (photo authors A.V. Shipulin, N.A. Gura) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-body-of-female-of-chrysomphalus-dictyospermi-photo-1janrpgn.png Fig. 2. Body of female of Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (photo authors A.V. Shipulin, N.A. Gura) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-main-diagnostic-micro-signs-of-the-brown-shield-7d6g82s2.png Table 3 The main diagnostic micro-signs of the brown shield Chrysomphalu dictyospermi detected on the micropreparation slides https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-terms-and-description-of-diagnostic-features-of-21yy7id5.png Table 1 - Main terms and description of diagnostic features of Chrysomphalus genus scales (Danzig, 1993) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparative-analysis-of-macrocharacteristics-of-lmk2ceox.png Table 4 Comparative analysis of macrocharacteristics of closely related Chrysomphalus sp. (https://diaspididae.linnaeus.naturalis.nl/linnaeus_ng/app/views/introduction/topic.php?id=3377&epi=155) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-macro-signs-of-female-chrysomphalus-382f6kyt.png Table 2 - Description of macro signs of female Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Dantsig, 1993) https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-beam-induced-particle-backgrounds-at-the-lep-4f2mtv8vg4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-8-properties-of-background-monitoring-detectors-2ix9blj6.png Table B.8: Properties of Background Monitoring Detectors (continued). https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-7-properties-of-background-monitoring-detectors-20f7zrel.png Table B.7: Properties of Background Monitoring Detectors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-view-of-the-lep-collider-showing-the-14u4erhi.png Figure 1: Schematic view of the lep collider showing the eight-fold symmetry of the magnetic structure and the even numbered interaction regions that are occupied by the lep experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-32-simulated-photon-rate-incident-at-the-beam-pipes-18et4d7t.png Figure 32: Simulated photon rate incident at the beam pipes in ip2 (open circles) and ip4 (full circles) as function of the collimator COLH.QS3 opening. Ebeam = 92 GeV, x = 48:1 nm, aperture collimators at 12 x. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-cut-through-cylindrical-sr-mask-and-outer-shield-2lkd3fu6.png Figure A.1: Cut through cylindrical SR mask and outer shield https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-vertical-separation-bump-around-ip8-for-the-2e55dutw.png Figure 18: Vertical separation bump around ip8 for the positron beam with 1995 lep optics. The closed symmetric bumps on either side of the ip are produced by three pairs of separators, ES.QS2, ES.QS4 and ES.QS7. The counter rotating electron beam travels on an orbit, mirror re ected to the central beam line. The bunch separation is therefore twice the orbit amplitude at the location of parasitic collisions. The directions of fans of photons radiated in quadrupoles and separator elds by the incoming beam are given for two bumps with di erent amplitude (thin full and dotted lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-energy-energy-correlation-in-bhabha-events-for-3kw2dt4x.png Figure 14: Energy-energy correlation in Bhabha events for \normal" running conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-energy-energy-correlation-in-bhabha-events-in-q0tn0u2c.png Figure 15: Energy-energy correlation in Bhabha events in conditions of signi cant o -energy background. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-how-clinical-and-sociodemographic-variables-2je57edj0y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-influence-of-employment-status-on-cognitive-te6ysk8o.png Table 6. Influence of employment status on cognitive performance after completing chemotherapy treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-influence-of-menopause-on-cognitive-performance-xt5ycu2o.png Table 5. Influence of menopause on cognitive performance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-influence-of-age-on-cognitive-performance-3sjz5f9r.png Table 4. Influence of age on cognitive performance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-influence-of-the-hemoglobin-level-in-the-study-tests-20s3oo4e.png Table 3. Influence of the hemoglobin level in the study tests that were significant during chemotherapy treatment.. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-influence-of-the-hemoglobin-level-in-the-study-tests-331pfidd.png Table 2. Influence of the hemoglobin level in the study tests that were significant before chemotherapy treatment. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-fluid-dynamics-at-the-boundary-wall-of-a-1uumyvmawu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-contact-line-velocity-profiles-measured-for-each-flow-k6z8c4v8.png Fig. 3. Contact line velocity profiles measured for each flow rate Φ. The curves are the average of ten (4.058, 3.162, 2.266, 1.370 μL/s), four (0.474 μL/s) and two (0.365 μL/s) different experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-case-ph-2-266-ml-s-time-dependency-of-the-effective-b9kc7f5f.png Fig. 2. Case Φ = 2.266 μL/s. Time dependency of the effective refractive index change in the A and B points shown in Fig. 1(d). The two dotted lines mark the interval inside which 𝑣(𝜉) was calculated via the Eq. (4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-calculated-electric-field-square-modulus-in-the-1dpc-dap8av2p.png Fig. 1. a) Calculated electric field square modulus in the 1DPC when a BSW is excited. The complete multi-layered geometry is shown and the fluid flow on the top is sketched by a parabolic profile. b) Optical set-up for the excitation of BSW on 1DPC in the KR TIR configuration (Polarizer → POL, 40× microscope objective → MO, Rotating Diffuser → RD, Iris → IR). c) Sketch of the microscope slide with the 1DPC and the BK7 prism in contact through an oil. The 1DPC is topped by the PDMS micro-fluidic channel. d) Fluidic cell geometry. The cell height is 120 μm, width and length are quoted in the figure. The red line shows where the light is focused. e) Image acquired by the CMOS camera; the green line represents the reflectance, I, in arbitrary units measured along the row 512. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-in-flight-and-impact-dynamics-of-nonspherical-2mruo03vay 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-computational-domain-a-combustion-chamber-and-front-of-2avgvnjd.png Fig. 2 Computational domain: (a) combustion chamber and front of barrel; (b) external domain https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-temperature-evolutions-for-different-size-particles-39audbcu.png Fig. 9 Temperature evolutions for different size particles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-hvof-thermal-spray-gun-3c9fle4w.png Fig. 1 Schematic of HVOF thermal spray gun https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-temperature-contours-for-different-shape-40-lm-1czgiab0.png Fig. 11 Temperature contours for different shape 40 lm particles with impact temperature of 750 K and velocity 420 m/s at 130 ns (Top: before impact; Middle: after impact; Bottom: interfacial contact surface) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-critical-impact-parameters-for-different-shape-20-lm-3mvde8gb.png Fig. 16 Critical impact parameters for different shape 20 lm particles https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thermophysical-properties-for-wc-17co-ypg89cb4.png Table 1 Thermophysical properties for WC-17Co https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-computational-domain-for-3d-finite-element-model-18m89of8.png Fig. 3 Computational domain for 3D finite element model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-velocity-evolutions-for-different-shape-60-lm-q3g4v82f.png Fig. 5 Velocity evolutions for different shape 60 lm particles https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-lau-fringes-generated-by-a-photorefractive-volume-4diy3iowfh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-theoretical-a-and-experimental-b-lau-patterns-nb44uwvb.png Fig. 7. Theoretical (a) and experimental (b) Lau patterns visibility vs. phase parameter βmod for: ■ LZ =2, 4, 6 and 10 mm with fixed D=50 mm and E0=7 kV/cm; LZ=2, 3, 4, 6 and 10 mm with fixed D=25 mm and E0=7 kV/cm LZ=2, 3, 4, 6 and 10 mm with fixed D=3 mm and E0=7 kV/cm E0=5, 7 and 9 kV/cm with fixed D=3 mm and LZ=6 mm; E0=9 kV/cm with fixed D=3 mm and LZ =10 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-write-in-experimental-set-up-s1-white-light-source-fg-4okdwaqe.png Fig. 1. Write-in experimental set-up: S1: white light source; FG: green interference filter; L1: condenser lens; L2: imaging lens of focal length f; G: Ronchi grating;; P: diaphragm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulated-index-grating-modulation-for-a-b-c-different-276n42fj.png Fig. 3. Simulated index grating modulation for: (a), (b), (c) different crystal thickness with fixed values of D=50 mm and E0=7 kV/cm and (d), (e), (f) different DC external field with fixed values D=3 mm and LZ =6 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-a-b-c-and-theoretical-d-e-f-normalized-3d-39x1bwvv.png Fig. 2. Experimental (a), (b), (c) and theoretical (d), (e), (f) normalized 3D light intensity distribution for different output pupil diameters, D. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-lau-fringes-generation-experimental-set-up-s1-s2-white-1gmetcnw.png Fig. 4. Lau fringes generation experimental set-up: S1, S2: white light source; FG, FR: green and red interference filter, respectively; L1, L2, L3: lenses; G and GA: amplitude Ronchi gratings;; BS: beam splitter; P: diaphragm;G2: photorefractive volume phase grating. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-lau-patterns-produced-by-photorefractive-30fuo48b.png Fig. 5. Experimental Lau patterns produced by photorefractive gratings with D=3 mm, E0=7 kV/cm, (a) LZ=3 mm and (b) LZ=6 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-lau-patterns-intensity-profiles-a-calculated-and-b-1pgd5djk.png Fig. 6. Lau patterns intensity profiles: (a) calculated and (b) experimental patterns generated by using different crystal thicknesses with fixed values of D=50 mm and E0=7 kV/cm; (c) calculated and (d) experimental patterns generated by using gratings with the same values of LZ as in (a) and (b), but for D=3 mm and E0=7 kV/cm; (e) calculated and (f) experimental patterns generated by using different DC external field with fixed values D=3 mm and LZ=6 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-magnetoresistance-and-conductance-of-bicrystal-aq6abozywm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temperature-dependence-of-magnetoresistance-ratio-1qyr2h28.png Figure 2. Temperature dependence of magnetoresistance ratio (MRR) of LBMO thin film microbridges across bicrystal grain boundary and away from the grain boundary. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-resistance-vs-temperature-curves-for-the-lbmo-thin-1bjx7kux.png Figure 1. Resistance vs. temperature curves for the LBMO thin film microbridges across bicrystal grain boundary and away from the grain boundary. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-variation-of-normalized-dynamic-conductance-g-g0-3bosfkmr.png Figure 4. (a) Variation of normalized dynamic conductance (G/G0) with voltage drop across the bicrystal junction in LBMO films at different temperatures. (b) Variation of α with temperature. The value of α is obtained from the fitting of eq. (1) to the experimental G/G0 vs. voltage curves. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-i-v-curves-for-the-lbmo-thin-film-microbridge-258ddyj6.png Figure 3. I–V curves for the LBMO thin film microbridge across bicrystal grain boundary and for the microbridge away from the grain boundary. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-polymorphism-from-dsc-melting-curves-polymorphs-of-vk1v9oytn1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-x-ray-powder-patterns-of-terfenadine-specimens-1gdbyl59.png Fig. 3 X-ray powder patterns of terfenadine specimens https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-composition-of-terfenadine-specimens-in-percentage-334cd7px.png Table 4 Composition of terfenadine specimens in percentage https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulated-dsc-curves-generated-by-the-empirical-22ghpv60.png Fig. 1 Simulated DSC curves generated by the empirical function for different θ3/θ5 value https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-values-for-tons-and-tpeak-ascribed-to-polymorphs-of-1vyi6qsd.png Table 3 Values for Tons and Tpeak ascribed to polymorphs of terfenadine from cluster analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-preparation-of-the-terfenadine-specimens-methods-and-1i5h0hkx.png Table 1 Preparation of the terfenadine specimens: methods and phase changes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-peak-fitting-analysis-of-dsc-melting-curve-for-2c-1bha04fb.png Fig. 4 a – Peak fitting analysis of DSC melting curve for 2c terfenadine: Gaussian function; b – Fitting analysis of DSC melting curve for 1c terfenadine: b1 – flexible profile; b2 – fixed profile; b3 – Gaussian function https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effect-of-the-heating-rate-on-dsc-melting-curve-wrhfwlc7.png Fig. 1 Simulated DSC curves generated by the empirical function for different θ3/θ5 value https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-scattering-angles-interplanar-distances-and-relative-2oxjaq9j.png Table 5 Scattering angles, interplanar distances and relative intensities for X-ray powder diffraction of 1 3v terfenadine specimen https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-oak-ridge-soils-using-boncat-facs-seq-reveals-that-e2ljv1ly3o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparing-the-composition-of-the-boncat-and-boncat-1jfc83nr.png Figure 3: Comparing the composition of the BONCAT+ and BONCAT – populations. (A) Relative 685 abundance (in percent, ±SD, n=3) of OTUs present in the BONCAT+ (red) and BONCAT – (blue) for the 686 30 cm - 48h incubation (left panel), 76 cm - 2 h incubation (middle panel) and 76cm - 48h incubation 687 (right panel). The OTUs have been ranked in descending order from left to right according to their 688 relative abundance on the filter samples (all cells detached and captured on a filter). (B) Close-up on the 689 30 most abundant OTUs overlaid with their abundance on the filter samples (dashed line, ±SD shows as 690 gray shading). The most abundant OTUs are indexed from a to k. Their taxonomy, ID, hit in the 691 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-prevalence-of-soil-isolates-and-ubiquitous-soil-2cpiybjc.png Figure 4: Prevalence of soil isolates and ubiquitous soil OTUs among BONCAT+ cells. (A) Percent 696 ESVs and (B) percent sequences from the current libraries with a hit (>97% sequence similarity) in the 697 ENIGMA culture collection (this collection contains 697 full-length 16S rDNA from strains that were 698 isolated from the same field site as the samples considered in this study) (green), in the set of 511 699 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-use-of-boncat-is-adding-a-large-fraction-of-1matmx55.png Figure 5: The use of BONCAT is adding a large fraction of active microbe on the soil microbiome 706 picture (Left panel) Traditional view, based on DNA labelling (right bottom corner) showing that 1.9 % 707 of cells on average are active in soils 24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-composition-of-total-community-and-boncat-cells-1xyl62iu.png Figure 2: Composition of total community and BONCAT+ cells determined by 16S sequencing. (A) 675 Microbial diversity displayed at the phylum level for all samples analyzed. (B) Rank vs. abundance plot in 676 log-log scale of the libraries of averaged biological replicates, standard deviations are displayed as error 677 bars (n=3). (C) NMDS ordination of the Bray Curtis pairwise distance of all libraries. 95% confidence 678 ellipse is displayed on the BONCAT+ group of samples. “Soil” samples are libraries constructed from 679 total DNA extracted from soil, “Filter” samples are DNA extracted from all cells detached from soil and 680 captured on a 0.2 µm filter, BONCAT+ and BONCAT- libraries were constructed from corresponding 681 cell sorted samples. 682 683 https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-phased-array-techniques-for-concrete-inspection-51mw7z0g78 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-transmitted-ultrasonic-fields-generated-by-2-arrays-of-bp5zfm21.png Fig. 5: Transmitted ultrasonic fields generated by 2 arrays of transducer in normal incidence 0° and at 20° at 350mm deep. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-of-a-third-proposed-technique-based-on-angular-rdgfnn1l.png Fig. 4: Results of a third proposed technique based on angular scanning and post acquisition reconstruction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparisons-between-mono-element-measurement-of-the-19od45uv.png Fig. 3: Comparisons between mono-element measurement of the crack and the reconstructed Bscans images resulting from multi-probes and phased array measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sample-of-concrete-b-3d-view-of-that-sample-c-crack-20jkbon2.png Fig. 1: a) Sample of concrete b) 3D view of that sample c) Crack with the different facets “Pi” to be detected. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-principle-of-multi-probes-reconstruction-in-reception-1wt6uvss.png Fig. 2: Principle of multi-probes reconstruction in reception. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-olive-pomace-antioxidant-dietary-fibre-powder-vjefjgrkcg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-soluble-sugars-organic-acids-fatty-acid-and-288uqcl6.png Table 2 Soluble sugars/organic acids, fatty acid and polyphenols concentration obtained after the simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGD) of POPP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-3qzdryrp.png Table 2 Soluble sugars/organic acids, fatty acid and polyphenols concentration obtained after the simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGD) of POPP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-nutritional-value-of-popp-fatty-acid-profile-2mshil0o.png Table 3 Nutritional value of POPP fatty acid profile throughout the SGD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-recovery-index-ri-and-bioaccessibility-index-of-popp-1smutobs.png Table 1 Recovery index (RI %) and bioaccessibility index (%) of POPP bioactive compounds/ antioxidant capacity throughout simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGD). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pca-of-popp-digestion-a-scree-plot-of-the-principal-ton36n2m.png Fig. 3. PCA of POPP digestion. (A) Scree plot of the principal component analysis for POPP SGD phases. (B) Scores plot of different phases of the digestion of POPP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-in-vitro-gastrointestinal-digestion-on-popp-cxpzufdy.png Fig. 2. Effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on POPP antioxidant properties after each step of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion (oral, gastric, intestinal, after dialysis IN and OUT). (A) Total phenolic compounds (TPC) (mg GAE/ g DW). (B) Antioxidant capacity measured by ABTS (µM TE/ g DW). (C) Antioxidant capacity measured by DPPH (µM TE/ g DW). (D) Antioxidant capacity measured by ORAC (µM TE/ g DW). PF – pellet fraction; SF - soluble fraction; DW – dry weight; GAE - gallic acid equivalents; TE – Trolox equivalents Results are the means of three determinations ± standard deviation. Values with different letters above are significantly different, as determined by one-way ANOVA test (p < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dietary-fibre-composition-of-popp-using-modified-aoac-3t854mrc.png Fig. 1. Dietary fibre composition of POPP using modified AOAC dietary fibre analysis method and simulated gastrointestinal system. (A) Determination (g/ 100 g DW) and profile (mg/g fibre DW) of dietary fibre; (B) Total phenolic compounds (TPC) expressed as mg GAE/ g fibre DW and antioxidant capacity using ABTS, DPPH and ORAC methods of phenolics associated to fibre fraction (µM TE/ g DW); (C) Concentration of main individual phenolics (mg/ 100 g DW) associated to fibre fraction and DW – dry weight; Glu – Glucose; Xyl – Xylose; Gal – Galactose; Arab – Arabinose; UA – Uronic acids; KL – Klason lignin; RP – Resistant protein; IDF – insoluble dietary fibre; SDF – Soluble dietary fibre; GAE - gallic acid equivalents; TE – Trolox equivalents; Hyd - Hydroxytyrosol; Prot - Protocathecuic acid; Caff - Caffeic acid; p-Cou - pCoumaric; Lut - Luteolin. *1 Data from previous paper Ribeiro, Oliveira, Coelho, et al. (2020); *2 mg galacturonic acid equivalents (GUAE)/ g fibre DW. Results are the means of three determinations ± standard deviation. Different letters in the same column are significantly different, as determined by ANOVA (p < 0.05). https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-single-charge-polarization-on-a-pair-of-charge-2hp1ywrqu3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-coutour-plots-of-the-measured-differential-conductance-3b1cgcnc.png Fig. 4 Coutour plots of the measured differential conductance (∂ID/∂VD) a function of; (a) VG1 and VD; (b) VG2 and VD at 4.2 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-contour-plots-of-a-the-measured-and-b-the-simulated-id-13vruntn.png Fig. 5 Contour plots of; (a) the measured and; (b) the simulated ID as a function of VG1 and VG2 with VD = 500 µV at 4.2 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-schematic-top-view-of-the-tsets-b-contour-plot-of-2m90uq4g.png Fig. 9 (a): Schematic top view of the TSETs. (b) Contour plot of the simulated TSETS ID as a function of VG1 and VG2 with VD=500 µV and VG3=0 V at 4.2 K for no charge polarizations in triple qubits. (c) ID-VG2 at VG1=1.0 V and VG3=0 V. the inset figures show charge polarizations in triple qubits. The leftmost qubit, the central qubit and the rightmost qubit indicate qubit 1, qubit 2, and qubit 3, shown in Fig. 9(a), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-potential-distributions-on-the-conditon-of-vg1-1-v-vu5730b2.png Fig. 7 The potential distributions on the conditon of VG1=1 V and the other electrodes grouded. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-structure-and-quality-of-different-silicon-oxides-2ui1alnhdr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-angle-of-incidence-th-and-calculated-thicknesses-12ewoh9u.png Table 4 Angle of incidence (θ ) and calculated thicknesses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-comparison-of-ftir-spectra-of-electron-beam-2b0uo0fn.png Figure 3. The comparison of FTIR spectra of electron beam evaporated SiO2 (solid line) and thermally grown dioxide (dotted line) in the range of Si-O vibrations (a) and O-H vibrations (b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calculated-absorption-coefficients-for-800-935-and-1ni0f9do.png Table 1 Calculated absorption coefficients for 800, 935 and 1080cm-1 bands. The combined intensity of the 800cm-1 and 935cm-1 bands may be used with the appropriate appα . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sample-thickness-based-on-calculated-values-of-aapp-n4qh6g8m.png Table 2 Sample thickness based on calculated values of αapp, & ellipsometry. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-calculated-porosity-for-samples-ev1-ev2-and-ev3-3uq7uvh3.png Table 3 Calculated porosity for samples EV1, EV2 and EV3. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-su-8-reliability-in-wet-thermal-ambient-for-7hjn91utd6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-afm-images-of-su-8-surface-5-c-5um2-2w9skc6q.png Fig. 4. (Color online) AFM images of SU-8 surface (5 © 5µm2): Initial state: (a) on silicon (b) on Pyrex. After aging No. 7: (c) on silicon (d) on Pyrex. After aging No. 9: (e) on silicon (f ) on Pyrex. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-top-description-of-the-su-8-lsz02zno.png Fig. 3. (Color online) Top: Description of the SU-8 microstructures fabricated on SiO2/silicon to reproduce the passivatived surface of a VCSEL wafer (a) and on Pyrex for optical transmission measurements (b). Bottom: SEM images of SU-8 cylindrical (c) and rectangular (d) patterns designed for aging tests. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-aging-test-matrix-2ls3o4nm.png Fig. 2. (Color online) Aging test matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-results-of-shear-test-measurements-performed-before-2nxmx7vm.png Table II. Results of shear-test measurements performed before and after aging on SU-8 cylindrical microstructures fabricated on SiO2/Si. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-results-of-shear-test-measurements-performed-3b3udy3g.png Table III. Results of shear-test measurements performed before and after aging on SU-8 rectangular microstructures fabricated on SiO2/Si. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-taguchi-plan-analysis-evolution-of-shear-stress-in-2y1z6y3i.png Fig. 7. Taguchi plan analysis: evolution of shear stress in function of aging parameters for cylindrical microstructures: (a) ¤ = 50µm, (b) ¤ = 80µm, and (c) ¤ = 100µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-principle-of-operation-left-and-3gifry3x.png Fig. 1. (Color online) Principle of operation (left) and corresponding scanning electron microscope (SEM) images (right) of two different types of SU-based microlenses collectively integrated on VCSELs by the authors: (a, b) cylindrical pillars for static collimation; (c, d) optical MEMS with rectangular anchors for dynamic focusing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-average-surface-roughness-rms-measured-on-the-1uyv96le.png Table I. Average surface roughness (RMS) measured on the reference and after each aging test for samples fabricated on silicon and on Pyrex substrates. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-the-enhanced-electromigration-performance-of-cu-mn-161dpc44jw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-contour-plot-of-the-temperature-dependence-of-the-114h5rpq.png FIG. 1. Contour plot of the temperature dependence of the noise PSD in the frequency range of 2–10 Hz for the reference sample with the TaNTa barrier. The red color indicates large PSD values, and the blue color indicates low PSD values. A peak in PSD between 60 and 75 C at 5 Hz corresponds to an activation energy of 0.76–0.80 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temperature-dependence-of-the-frequency-exponent-of-39z89ets.png FIG. 4. Temperature dependence of the frequency exponent of the PSD of the reference sample and the two types of Cu(Mn) samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-contour-plot-of-the-temperature-dependence-of-the-3a87hsan.png FIG. 3. Contour plot of the temperature dependence of the noise PSD in the frequency range of 2–10 Hz for another sample with the Mn-based barrier and Mn-doped Cu seed. Now, the activation energy of 0.80 eV as well as the activation energy 1:0 eV is still visible. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-contour-plot-of-the-temperature-dependence-of-the-2k61v2c4.png FIG. 2. Contour plot of the temperature dependence of the noise PSD in the frequency range of 2–10 Hz for a sample with the Mn-based barrier and Mndoped Cu seed. Only at very low frequencies, a peak around 75 C (0.80 eV) is visible. A more dominant increase in PSD is visible at 180 C (1.1 eV). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-cross-section-of-a-single-grain-showing-the-mn-based-39clfcfl.png FIG. 11. Cross section of a single grain showing the Mn-based barrier and Mn clusters in the Cu. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-this-hypothetical-cartoon-illustrates-the-possible-26s197vb.png FIG. 12. This hypothetical cartoon illustrates the possible argument that APT tips can only capture part of the line such that grain boundary diffusion blocking by Mn segregation might still be the case in certain parts of the line. Nevertheless, no tendency for Mn to segregate at grain boundaries was observed in our samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-detection-of-crystallographic-zone-lines-a-and-1adlqrrv.png FIG. 10. Detection of crystallographic zone lines (a) and parallel planes (b) provides evidence that the cross section in Fig. 11 consists of a single grain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-mn-is-present-in-the-bulk-cu-up-to-5-nm-from-the-37taf4j4.png FIG. 9. Mn is present in the bulk Cu, up to 5 nm from the barrier. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-the-dynamics-of-three-dimensional-tape-spring-folds-4edc3necx2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-variables-for-analysis-2-1w8nurqr.png Fig. 19 Variables for analysis 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-realistic-system-layout-nco7sjth.png Fig. 16 Realistic system layout. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-properties-of-array-38e63rs5.png Table 2 Properties of array https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-three-dimensional-tape-spring-fold-zzvm9m9n.png Fig. 3 Three-dimensional tape-spring fold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-initial-coordinate-system-1arxvulb.png Fig. 5 Initial coordinate system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-moment-rotation-relationship-for-a-two-dimensional-2pqrce8n.png Fig. 2 Moment-rotation relationship for a two-dimensional tapespring fold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-torque-balance-of-tape-spring-segments-1pd7cadx.png Fig. 8 Torque balance of tape-spring segments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-displacement-deployment-model-of-array-1uemgunz.png Fig. 22 Displacement deployment model of array. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-the-influence-of-b-radiation-on-the-properties-and-2s5kqylfqh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-tensile-results-for-samples-subjected-to-different-3cygsu1g.png TABLE I. Tensile Results for Samples Subjected to Different Doses of Radiation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sem-micrographs-of-the-fracture-surfaces-of-spcl-a-1fn5b5hy.png Figure 3. SEM micrographs of the fracture surfaces of SPCL (a) before and (b) after -sterilization, using a radiation dose of 100 kGy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dma-spectrum-of-seva-c-before-and-after-being-og21xjws.png Figure 4. DMA spectrum of SEVA-C before and after being submitted to different doses of -radiation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dma-spectrum-of-sca-before-and-after-being-2esmnqnw.png Figure 5. DMA spectrum of SCA before and after being submitted to different doses of -radiation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dma-spectrum-of-spcl-before-and-after-being-zv5cy2ch.png Figure 6. DMA spectrum of SPCL before and after being submitted to different doses of -radiation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-water-uptake-of-seva-c-submitted-to-different-doses-13rd0x43.png Figure 7. Water uptake of SEVA-C submitted to different doses of -radiation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-degradation-behavior-of-sca-with-increasing-doses-2k9vxaq6.png Figure 11. Degradation behavior of SCA with increasing doses of -radiation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-water-uptake-of-sca-submitted-to-different-doses-of-in8e47kf.png Figure 8. Water uptake of SCA submitted to different doses of -radiation. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-the-influence-of-process-parameters-on-liquid-and-1x8b8on964 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameters-of-equation-3-and-4-in-the-correlation-of-1q44ta9e.png Table 4. Parameters of Equation 3 and 4 in the correlation of fish oil solubility data https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-values-of-the-c1-c2-parameters-xu-qc-estimated-2ltc10mk.png Table 5. Values of the C1, C2 parameters, xu, qc, estimated grinding efficiency r, solidphase mass transfer coefficient, ksas and mean relative deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-influence-of-extraction-pressure-on-fish-oil-yield-2rlyebmb.png Figure 1. Influence of extraction pressure on fish oil yield from fish meal (a) SC conditions at 40ºC (○ 20.0 MPa; ◇ 30.0 MPa; □ 39.5 MPa) (b) LCO2 at 25ºC ▲ 10.0 MPa; ● 20.0 MPa; ◆ 30.0 MPa. The solid lines correspond to the model of Sovová [14]. The discontinuous line represents the amount of oil in fish meal as obtained by Soxhlet hexane extraction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-effect-of-sc-co2-and-lco2-extraction-on-the-content-yrypyxv4.png Table 8. Effect of SC-CO2 and LCO2 extraction on the content of toxic element in fish meal (SC-CO2 conditions: 30 MPa and 40 ºC, L-CO2: 20 MPa and 25 ºC). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-size-distribution-of-fish-meal-3n3ctfyl.png Table 1. Size distribution of fish meal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-corrected-at-40oc-experimental-solubility-values-of-2bmn8866.png Figure 4. Corrected (at 40ºC) experimental solubility values of fish oil as function of https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-conditions-in-the-extraction-with-lco2-w67p85ja.png Table 2. Experimental conditions in the extraction with LCO2 and SC-CO2 of fish meal https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-influence-of-pressurized-co2-state-on-fish-oil-y19ga8fi.png Figure 3. Influence of pressurized CO2 state on fish oil extraction yield from fish meal https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-the-interaction-of-gb-virus-c-hepatitis-g-virus-4zefchebqk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cy2dj02k.png FIGURE 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2jjtjpw8.png FIGURE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2ayx1nae.png FIGURE 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-q3qplw5x.png FIGURE 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2ymln9gd.png FIGURE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1ej8jird.png FIGURE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tlvgb9e5.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-6ul19q73.png FIGURE 6 https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-the-la1-2-1-2xli1-2-1-2xti1-xalxo3-0-x-1-solid-ehtj3a1d67 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nominal-composition-of-la1-2-1-2xli1-2-1-2xti1-kh9u4uxn.png Table 1.- Nominal composition of La1/2+1/2xLi1/2-1/2xTi1-xAlxO3 samples, sintering temperatures and EDS microanalyses results for the single phases. The nominal and experimental La:Al:Ti ratio is also indicated for each composition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-structural-parameters-deduced-from-x-ray-powder-2yk5l3f4.png Table 2.- Structural parameters deduced from X-ray powder diffraction data of La1/2+1/2xLi1/2-1/2xTi1- https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-the-cp-symmetry-violation-in-partially-2lrvunxl0w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-24-ajustement-par-trois-gaussiennes-de-la-distribution-31439fo1.png Fig. 5.24: Ajustement par trois gaussiennes de la distribution (∆tmes − ∆tvrai)/σ∆t pour des événements simulés de signal, étiquetés par un lepton de cascade. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-5-production-de-lepton-direct-a-de-cascade-avec-une-1wnedv65.png Fig. 5.5: Production de lepton direct (a), de cascade avec une charge de signe opposé à la charge https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-26-resultat-de-lajustement-sur-les-donnees-en-echelle-1wyii61p.png Fig. 5.26: Résultat de l’ajustement sur les données en échelle logarithmique dans la région latérale pour les événements étiquetés par un lepton. Les quatre figures, de gauche à droite et de bas en haut correspondent aux événements non-mélangés étiquetés par un B0, aux événements mélangés étiquetés par un B0, aux événements non-mélangés étiquetés par un B0, aux événements mélangés étiquetés par un B0. Les courbes montrent de bas en haut les contributions cumulées du continuum et du combinatoire. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-1-construction-de-neyman-pour-determiner-un-niveau-de-30pqybbu.png Fig. 6.1: Construction de Neyman pour déterminer un niveau de confiance. Les traits horizontaux représentent les intervalles de confiance pour toute valeur demt. La ligne verticale représente la valeur mesurée x0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-6-contours-de-probabilite-constante-que-la-position-du-x31x2txh.png Fig. 6.6: Contours de probabilité constante que la position du sommet du triangle d’unitarité soit à l’intérieur du contour. La croix représente la valeur et les erreurs de la position du sommet du triangle, obtenue par CKMFitter [30]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-10-efficacite-de-reconstruction-de-la-chambre-a-derive-2xyhganh.png Fig. 2.10: Efficacité de reconstruction de la chambre à dérive pour les deux tensions de fonctionnement de 1900 V et 1960 V, en fonction de l’angle polaire et de l’impulsion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-5-niveau-de-confiance-en-fonction-de-sin-2b-g-ce-rpwb6avx.png Fig. 6.5: Niveau de confiance en fonction de | sin(2β + γ)|. Ce graphe doit se lire de la façon suivante : pour une valeur donnée xi de | sin(2β + γ)|, on lit le niveau de confiance αi correspondant et on peut alors affirmer que | sin(2β + γ)| > xi avec un niveau de confiance αi. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-25-resultat-de-lajustement-sur-les-donnees-dans-la-2lo6n1bk.png Fig. 5.25: Résultat de l’ajustement sur les données dans la région latérale pour les événements étiquetés par un lepton. Les quatre figures, de gauche à droite et de bas en haut correspondent aux événements non-mélangés étiquetés par un B0, aux événements mélangés étiquetés par un B0, aux événements non-mélangés étiquetés par un B0, aux événements mélangés étiquetés par un B0. Les courbes montrent de bas en haut les contributions cumulées du continuum et du combinatoire. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-the-presence-of-specific-salmonella-enteritidis-2d408kpnj7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-the-presence-of-salmonella-spp-as-well-as-1pm51nyj.png Table 4. Results of the presence of Salmonella spp, as well as other bacteria in egg yolk and egg shell samples by using classical microbiological methods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-of-the-presence-of-salmonella-spp-as-well-2f52skaj.png Figure 4. Results of the presence of Salmonella spp, as well as other bacteria in egg shell and yolk samples originating from laying hens https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-celisa-tast-adsorbance-values-egg-yolk-samples-from-1pe892vs.png Table 3. cELISA tast adsorbance values. Egg yolk samples from layer hens of unknown immunological status, provenience or age https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-of-testing-for-salmonella-enteritidis-1w5zomnq.png Figure 3. Results of testing for Salmonella Enteritidis specific antibodies in egg yolk samples from layer hens of unknown immunological status, provenience or age https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-celisa-tast-adsorbance-values-egg-yolk-samples-from-2w5q1amx.png Table 1. cELISA tast adsorbance values. Egg yolk samples from non vaccinated layer hens https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-results-of-egg-yolk-samples-testing-for-salmonella-1q1il313.png Figure 1. Results of egg yolk samples testing for Salmonella Enteritidis specific antibodies in non vaccinated flocks https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-celisa-tast-adsorbance-values-egg-yolk-samples-from-wz6lehpy.png Table 2. cELISA tast adsorbance values. Egg yolk samples from vaccinated layer hens https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-results-of-testing-for-salmonella-enteritidis-3s4anocp.png Figure 2. Results of testing for Salmonella Enteritidis specific antibodies in egg yolk samples originating from vaccinated flocks https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-the-luminescence-of-eu2-and-eu3-states-in-2wlzk5pead 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-decay-kinetics-of-eu2th-luminescence-in-ca3ga2ge3o12-2u8k6vud.png Fig. 4. Decay kinetics of Eu2þ luminescence in Ca3Ga2Ge3O12:Eu ceramic at 8 K (a) and 300 K (b) under excitation with different energies above band gap (1); in exciton range (2) of this garnet and in Eu2þ excitation band (3, 4). IRF - instrumental response function under 260 nm laser excitation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-excitation-spectra-of-integral-1-fast-2-and-slow-3-3l7gm3oj.png Fig. 3. Excitation spectra of integral (1), fast (2) and slow (3) decay components of Eu2þ (a) and Eu3þ (b) luminescence in Ca3Ga2Ge3O12:Eu ceramics at 8 K under registration of the luminescence at 420 nm (a) and 710 nm (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-initial-a-and-normalized-b-emission-spectra-of-scfq9fj7.png Fig. 2. Initial (a) and normalized (b) emission spectra of Ca3Ga2Ge3O12:Eu ceramics under excitation by SR with different energies above band gap (1); in exciton range (2) of this garnet and in Eu2þ excitation band (3) at 8 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xrd-pattern-of-ca3ga2ge3o12-eu-ceramic-sample-y9oih4lz.png Fig. 1. XRD pattern of Ca3Ga2Ge3O12:Eu ceramic sample. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-the-performance-of-imidazolium-derived-cations-as-pakpnek0rd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-29si-mas-nmr-spectra-of-the-as-made-solids-obtained-36y2lnnd.png Figure 3. 29Si MAS NMR spectra of the as-made solids obtained with the three SDAs. a) 2E13DMI-STF, b) 123TEI-STF, c) 123TE4MISTF, d) 123TEI-MFI. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mean-square-displacement-msd-left-and-torsion-angle-1p3hasjc.png Figure 7. Mean Square Displacement (MSD, left) and torsion angle distribution between two molecular atoms and two framework atoms (right) for the different systems, both indicators of the molecular motion of the 123TEI cations in the different frameworks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-organic-cations-used-in-this-work-as-sdas-each-28ltot8y.png Figure. 1. Organic cations used in this work as SDAs. Each organic cation shows their rotatable bonds: three bonds for 123TE4MI and 123TEI: N1-C4-C8(7), N2-C6-C10(9), C1-C5-C9(8), and one for 2E13DMI: C1-C5-C6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-host-guest-systems-studied-by-molecular-simulations-2kfyl3yv.png Table 4. Host-guest systems studied by molecular simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-most-stable-conformations-with-relative-energies-2gh8di3d.png Figure 4. Most stable conformations (with relative energies lower than 2.0 kcal/mol with respect to the most stable conformer) of the cations employed in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-location-of-the-different-cations-within-the-stf-1p7yznhq.png Figure 6. Location of the different cations within the STF framework (with 2 molecules per unit cell, one per cavity). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-location-of-the-different-cations-within-the-mfi-23q1g30e.png Figure 5. Location of the different cations within the MFI framework (with 4 molecules per unit cell). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-synthesis-results-34sxdjq1.png Table 1. Summary of Synthesis Results https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-the-roughness-in-a-photoresist-masked-isotropic-sf6-qz1931red1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sem-image-showing-a-top-view-of-an-etched-circular-2i4bjfcb.png Figure 8. SEM image showing a top view of an etched circular cavity with roughness type IV etching recipe comparable to recipe I . The crystalorientation-dependent roughness in the cavity is related to the 111 planes of silicon. The horizontal diameter is 98.7 m 110 directions , and the 45° diam is 100.8 m 100 directions ; thus, the etch rate differs by only 2% in these crystal directions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-roughness-amplitude-normalized-to-the-etched-cfay4tle.png Figure 9. The roughness amplitude normalized to the etched depth as a function of the mask window width for recipe N. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sem-images-of-the-temporal-evolution-of-the-1ch3p9cc.png Figure 6. SEM images of the temporal evolution of the roughness for etching processes using recipe M with a mask width of 7 m at elapsed etch times of 12, 25, 50, and 150 s. Note that the magnification is the same in all images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sem-closeup-of-the-sidewall-roughness-in-highly-2hpnxt8m.png Figure 7. SEM closeup of the sidewall roughness in highly rough etching process, recipe M. The facets of the sidewall roughness have angles in good agreement with the expected angles of 111 planes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-normalized-etched-volume-per-length-vetch-lwt-urtupx3b.png Figure 10. The normalized etched volume per length, Vetch/ Lwt 2 , as a function of the normalized etched depth, hbot/wt. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-escape-probability-pexit-of-a-radical-through-4sq4iqiv.png Figure 11. The escape probability, Pexit, of a radical through the mask window as a function of the normalized etched volume per length, Vetch/ Lwt 2 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-experimental-profile-data-and-results-from-the-k2tqppxi.png Figure 12. Experimental profile data and results from the etching model plotted against the normalized etching time, t /w . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sem-image-showing-a-cross-section-of-the-etch-3py9usq1.png Figure 2. SEM image showing a cross section of the etch profile for a high-roughness etching process, recipe M, here etched for 300 s using a mask width of 7 m. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-the-sio2-to-si3n4-etch-selectivity-mechanism-in-31t2o9wwx7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-etch-rates-of-sio2-si3n4-and-si-samples-plotted-vs-the-3fa5scsp.png FIG. 6. Etch rates of SiO2 , Si3N4 , and Si samples plotted vs the thickness the fluorocarbon film present on the surface during steady-state etching ditions. The varying parameters are feedgas chemistry@CHF3 ~40 sccm!, C2F6 ~40 sccm!, C3F6 ~40 sccm!, and C3F6/H2 ~20 sccm/15 sccm!# and operating pressure~6 and 20 mTorr!. The rf bias power level corresponde to a self-bias voltage of2100 V. It clearly shows that the thicker the fluo rocarbon film, the lower the etch rate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-listing-of-photoelectron-binding-energies-2lc23s6p.png TABLE I. Listing of photoelectron binding energies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-difference-between-the-fluorine-to-carbon-ratios-1fwx2s8a.png FIG. 7. Difference between the fluorine to carbon ratios determined f F~1s!/C~1s! and C~1s! only, as a function of fluorocarbon film thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-silicon-etch-rates-as-a-function-of-o2-and-n2-flow-20a6e339.png FIG. 11. ~a! Silicon etch rates as a function of O2 and N2 flow added to a 40 sccm CHF3 discharge at 7 mTorr at2100 V self-bias.~b! Silicon etch rates as a function of corresponding fluorocarbon film thickness on the sili surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-a-silicon-etch-rates-measured-in-c2f6-plasma-for-a-2ua0yoda.png FIG. 12. ~a! Silicon etch rates measured in C2F6 plasma for a variety of conditions~6–20 mTorr operating pressure, 10–40 sccm gas flow, and 6 1400 W inductive power! at 2100 V self-bias as a function correspondin steady-state fluorocarbon film thickness.~b! Etch yields for the same con ditions as a function of corresponding fluorocarbon film thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-outline-of-the-experimental-setup-of-the-3pm7wj0r.png FIG. 1. Schematic outline of the experimental setup of the used ICP sou https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-typical-si-2p-and-b-typical-n-1s-spectra-obtained-e85dzdfa.png FIG. 8. ~a! Typical Si ~2p! and ~b! typical N ~1s! spectra obtained from a processed Si3N4 sample under 15° photoemission angles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-ratio-of-reacted-intensity-to-unreacted-intensity-as-a-pcfv6bo4.png FIG. 9. Ratio of reacted intensity to unreacted intensity as a function fluorocarbon film thickness for both Si~2p! and N ~1s! signals under 15° photoemission angle. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-the-three-dimensional-shape-and-dynamics-of-coronal-3wzcgp8581 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-for-loop-1-at-fe-xii-195-a-first-row-panels-328p6sxh.png Figure 4. Results for Loop 1 at Fe xii 195 Å. First row, panels a and b: Loop position in the sky plane and line-of-sight velocity as a function of the loop’s length. panel c, shows M(β) (solid line) and zmax(β), maximum loop altitude, (dashed line) as a function of β. The two vertical lines show the range of optimum solutions while the vertical dashed line indicates the selected β. Each row of four panels shows calculations for different loop inclinations, β. These include: The reconstructed loop in its own plane (x, z) (panels d, h,l), the flow velocity V along the loop (panels e,i,m), the horizontal component Vx (panels f, j, n) and vertical component Vz (panels g, k, o) as a function of the loop length. The third row is for the optimal value of β = −63◦. The diamond indicates the top of the loop and the box indicates the west footpoint. The arrows in panel h) show the direction of the plasma flow. Note the discontinuities of the flow velocity in the second and the fourth rows (β = −49◦ and β = −69◦). Positive line of sight velocities correspond to redshifts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-full-disk-image-recorded-by-soho-mdi-on-3-december-ru785h3z.png Figure 1. Full disk image recorded by SOHO/MDI on 3 December 2006, at 20:51 UT. EIS rasters 1 and 2 field of views are represented with dark frames around AR 10926. The white frame shows the part of the MDI magnetogram used for the magnetic field extrapolation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-results-obtained-from-the-magnetic-3hfcg5xw.png Table 2. Summary of the results obtained from the magnetic field extrapolation in comparison to the results of the 3D reconstruction. Columns 4 and 5 are the reconstruction results as in Table 1. Columns 6 to 8 are the extrapolation results for the best fitting magnetic line and column 9 is the calculated best α with its error bar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-eis-intensity-image-of-the-active-region-in-fe-1iyk6zik.png Figure 2. Left: EIS intensity image of the active region in Fe xii 195 Å for raster 2. Right: The corresponding EIS dopplergram. For the dopplergram, white/black colors corresponds to red/blue shifts. Doppler shifts are in the range of -20 to 20 km s−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-fitting-loop-1-at-fe-xii-195-a-during-raster-1-a-3spjj4ld.png Figure 6. Fitting Loop 1 at Fe xii 195 Å during raster 1: (a) the Cl modulus along the loop as a function of α. A minimum Cl is achieved for α ≃ −0.009 Mm −1. (b, c) Two different views of the inferred loop (thick solid curve), accompanied by a potential-field extrapolated line (α = 0; dotted curve) and the ”best-fit” extrapolated field line (α = −0.009 Mm−1; thin solid curve). (d) The same system, seen from above and projected on the respective SOHO/MDI magnetogram. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-for-loop-1-for-all-spectral-lines-during-2tdgne6q.png Figure 5. Results for Loop 1 for all spectral lines during Raster 2. First column: The reconstructed loop in its own plane (x, z). Second column: Line-of-sight velocity as a function of the loop’s length. Third column: Velocity of the flow as a function of the reconstructed loop’s length. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-summary-of-the-3d-reconstruction-results-for-all-3exdjtu1.png Table 1. A summary of the 3D reconstruction results for all selected loops. The Table includes: loop number (column 1), spectral line (column 2), raster number (column 3), β (column 4), the type of flow, which can be draining, or flow from East to West (E. to W.) or West to East (column 5), apparent density scale length (column 6) maximum altitude (column 7) and length (column 8). The last three columns, show the velocity mean values along 10% of the loops length starting respectively from east and the west footpoint and the mean velocity along 10% of the loop top. The corresponding standard deviation is shown in parenthesis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-intensity-images-in-various-spectral-lines-from-136ia2gg.png Figure 3. Intensity images, in various spectral lines, from both rasters, on which we indicate the shape of the selected loops. Loop 1 appears in all lines and in all rasters. Loop 2 can be seen in panels a and e, Loop 3 in panels b and f, Loop 4 in panels c and g, loops 5 and 6 in panels d and h. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-the-x-ray-radiation-interaction-with-a-multislit-49jhzozpsa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-influence-of-the-msc-leakage-for-different-field-3b9ohajj.png Figure 6. Influence of the MSC leakage for different field sizes and the conventional MRT spectrum. Panel A and B report the valley depth dose profile (left) and PVDR values (right) without and with radiation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-beam-intercepting-components-and-their-1666hwaq.png Table 1. List of beam intercepting components and their thickness for the three considered X-ray spectra configurations: conventional MRT, pre-clinical MRT and clinical MRT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-energy-and-energy-of-the-intensity-maximum-for-1fup1yl4.png Table 2. Mean energy and energy of the intensity maximum for the conventional, pre-clinical, and clinical 165 MRT spectra. The last column presents the relative difference of the intensity maximum of the three calculated X-ray spectra configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relative-dose-variation-of-regular-and-distorted-3usvkihh.png Figure 5. Relative dose variation of regular and distorted valleys for three different field sizes and at https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-influence-of-different-msc-materials-on-the-2lvdyt9w.png Figure 9. Influence of different MSC materials on the radiation leakage using the clinical spectrum. Left panels report the relative change (without and with radiation leakage) of the valley depth dose profile, right panels the PVDR values. Panel A and B (top): 5 × 5 mm² field; panel C and D (bottom): 20 × 20 mm² https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-valley-dose-profile-of-a-5-x-5-mm2-microbeam-field-vvi1vnec.png Figure 4. Valley dose profile of a 5 × 5 mm² microbeam field at different depths. The repetitive pattern https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-plots-of-the-three-x-ray-spectra-profiles-used-in-36nguku5.png Figure 1. (A) Plots of the three X-ray spectra profiles used in the study (conventional MRT, pre-clinical MRT 170 and clinical MRT spectrum) normalized to the machine current and (B) corresponding spectrum profiles after normalization to the respectively maximum intensity value. (C) Plot of the relative differences of the pre-clinical and clinical normalized spectra compared to conventional spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-influence-of-different-msc-materials-on-the-1xzvl0fg.png Figure 8. Influence of different MSC materials on the radiation leakage for a 5 × 5 mm² field, using the clinical spectrum. Panel A and B report the valley depth dose profile (left) and PVDR values (right) without and with radiation leakage. https://scispace.com/papers/study-on-alternative-cargo-launch-options-from-the-lunar-aej55h5yws 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-orbit-of-the-moon-around-the-earth-with-respect-31e5rmwq.png Figure 1 The orbit of the moon around the Earth with respect to the Sun https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-optimized-delta-v-for-leo-to-mars-trajectories-19bgb8p3.png Table 4 Optimized delta V for LEO to Mars trajectories https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-comparison-data-9jalmxcw.png Table 2 Summary of comparison data https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-reactor-mass-versus-total-shipped-mass-1jzrupsq.png Table 3 Comparison of reactor mass versus total shipped mass https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effects-of-extended-lunar-launcher-on-launch-1rv06kd5.png Figure 4 Effects of extended lunar launcher on launch availability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-total-necessary-delta-v-based-on-launch-date-xialxzn2.png Figure 5 Total necessary delta V based on launch date https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-expansion-of-the-2nd-through-4th-months-to-show-1p1uns0h.png Figure 3 Expansion of the 2nd through 4th months to show detailed, month-by-month characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-comparison-data-for-nuclear-reactor-3sxlgc2o.png Table 1 Summary of comparison data for nuclear reactor systems https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-variation-of-thermal-expansion-coefficients-in-4mdaugjdt3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-direction-codes-of-samples-2rm0m1vo.png Table 1 Direction codes of samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-linear-coefficients-of-thermal-expansion-k-1-1ipvxkbd.png Fig. 8. Linear coefficients of thermal expansion (K 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-thermal-strain-versus-temperature-response-of-samples-2jldgris.png Fig. 7. Thermal strain versus temperature response of samples 001 and 111. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-computed-ctes-at-different-angles-in-xy-plane-for-pwknyaam.png Fig. 4. Computed CTEs at different angles in XY plane for different stacking sequences (a) [0] stacking sequence (b) [0/90], and [±45] stacking sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effective-properties-of-a-cured-glassy-carbon-epoxy-2ky0lu4g.png Table 3 Effective properties of a cured (glassy) carbon/epoxy ply. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mechanical-and-thermomechanical-properties-of-fibres-qkhzuxnm.png Table 2 Mechanical and thermomechanical properties of fibres. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-di-24-adamel-lhomargy-dilatometer-3rfa13bn.png Fig. 2. DI.24 (ADAMEL LHOMARGY ) dilatometer. https://scispace.com/papers/study-on-china-laos-forestry-cross-border-cooperation-17u2uq9nc5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-frame-diagram-of-overseas-jiangsu-cross-border-3453dz0i.png Fig. 1. The frame diagram of “overseas jiangsu” cross-border cooperation cloud platform https://scispace.com/papers/study-on-residual-behaviour-and-flexural-toughness-of-fibre-3nqtnpo905 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-thermal-cracks-between-matrix-and-steel-fibre-during-25488tqu.png Fig. 19. Thermal cracks between matrix and steel fibre during heating process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-base-mixture-design-of-schpc-1dxp6u6l.png Table 1 Base mixture design of SCHPC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-spalling-of-sf40-after-600-c-1k5wdv6s.png Fig. 11. Spalling of SF40 after 600 C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16b-pulling-out-of-steel-fibres-zqd7d4z2.png Fig. 16a. Pulling out and breaking down of PP fibres before heating. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-flexural-strength-ultimate-load-parameters-of-3ef61zhg.png Table 7 Flexural strength, ultimate load, parameters of flexural toughness and fracture energy of d https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-load-deflection-curves-of-hybrid-fibre-25jjp18v.png Fig. 8. Comparison of load–deflection curves of hybrid fibre reinforced samples HF403 under different temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chemical-composition-of-fly-ash-3v5fi6uv.png Table 2 Chemical composition of fly ash. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fibre-content-air-content-and-compressive-strength-2pfarm71.png Table 3 Fibre content, air content and compressive strength. https://scispace.com/papers/study-on-hybrid-combustion-of-aero-suspensions-of-boron-4ymm2kglkh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-calculated-minimum-ignition-energy-as-a-function-of-c-1fr9pp27.png Fig. 5. Calculated minimum ignition energy as a function of c ncentration, for different boron particles mass fractions with the mean particle diameter of 6 µm at = 1 bar, = 300 K. https://scispace.com/papers/study-on-identification-of-bacillus-cereus-in-milk-based-on-25nrsrkcwc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-one-dimensional-spectra-of-pure-bacillus-cereus-1j32w0o1.png Fig. 2. The one-dimensional spectra of pure Bacillus cereus Fig.3. The one-dimensional spectra of Bacillus cereus mixed in milk https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-2d-correlation-diagrams-of-bacillus-cereus-capsule-in-1wgr6j4z.png Fig. 6. 2D correlation diagrams of Bacillus cereus capsule in milk after the second derivative https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2d-correlation-diagrams-of-bacillus-cereus-capsule-fl65u6a8.png Fig. 4. 2D correlation diagrams of Bacillus cereus capsule after the second derivative https://scispace.com/papers/study-on-scanning-forming-methods-of-machining-work-piece-5alxl3q59s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-shaped-and-planed-curved-surface-2tes6dgp.png Fig. 1 Shaped and planed curved surface https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-workpiece-coordinate-system-transform-the-tool-cutting-37uln1ju.png Fig. 4 Workpiece coordinate system Transform the tool cutting edge curve Lt in the tool coordinate system to the workpiece coordinate system, the Homogeneous coordinate translation transformation matrix T is determined as Eq.(2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tool-coordinate-system-the-parameter-eq-1-for-2n869x0b.png Fig. 3 Tool coordinate system The parameter Eq.(1) for establishing the cutting edge curve Lt is as follows: ( ) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-tool-wear-the-relative-displacement-relationship-eq-oh9p67qe.png Fig. 11 Tool wear The relative displacement relationship Eq.(19) between the tool and the workpiece considering tool wear is as follows: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comprehensive-influence-of-x-and-y-cutting-force-the-2gtvfgn5.png Fig. 10 Comprehensive influence of X and Y cutting force The surface of the workpiece considering the comprehensive influence of the X-direction Y cutting force is shown in Fig.10. The parameter Eq.(17) of the cutting edge curve in the tool coordinate system is established. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-influence-of-y-direction-cutting-force-fig-9-shows-35el14zi.png Fig. 9 The influence of Y-direction cutting force Fig.9 shows the workpiece surface considering the influence of Y-direction cutting force. The relative displacement between the tool and the workpiece under the action of the Y-direction cutting force is expressed as δfY, and the parameter Eq.(15) of the cutting edge curve in the tool coordinate system is established as follows: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-the-effect-of-tool-wear-5-conclusion-3qd6wsqh.png Fig. 15 The effect of tool wear 5.Conclusion https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-comprehensive-influence-of-x-and-y-cutting-force-2lefq419.png Fig. 14 Comprehensive influence of X and Y cutting force Because the linear velocity of each point on the cutting edge is different, the amount of tool wear at each point on the cutting edge is also different. In this paper, the relationship between tool wear and cutting speed is simplified as a proportional relationship. https://scispace.com/papers/study-on-rotational-and-unclogging-motions-of-magnetic-chain-beh31kqpfk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ratio-between-the-maximum-angular-velocity-omax-and-h0emfdey.png Fig. 8. Ratio between the maximum angular velocity ωmax and the magnetic field angular velocity ωm wrt. the magnetic field strength for chain-like microrobot composed with different number (N) of microbeads. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-schematic-overview-of-the-timeline-for-the-unclogging-aqko9v1q.png Fig. 9. Schematic overview of the timeline for the unclogging strategy: first a rotating phase (as in Fig. 6), and next a magnetic gradient steering phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-unclogging-experiments-a-the-path-followed-by-the-3rpp0pcm.png Fig. 11. Unclogging experiments: (a) the path followed by the magnetic microrobot (blue line) and by the plaque area (dashed line); the velocities of the (b) microrobot and (c) plaque tissue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-plaque-removal-chronology-using-a-chain-of-three-3c99qatt.png Fig. 10. Plaque removal chronology using a chain of three magnetic microsphere. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-magnetic-response-of-ferromagnetic-material-for-single-vicug01o.png Fig. 1. Magnetic response of ferromagnetic material for single particle (dashed line), and particle aggregation (red line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-magnetic-motion-of-a-chain-like-microrobot-composed-of-3u5iq2bs.png Fig. 2. Magnetic motion of a chain-like microrobot composed of 4-spheres: (a) steering motion using magnetic gradient ∇b; (b) rotational motion thanks to magnetic torque tm, and (c) the influence of the drag force fd and torque td on the microrobot with an angular velocity ω . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-setup-with-the-coils-set-the-digital-1p7d22bn.png Fig. 4. Experimental setup with: the coils set; the digital microscope; and the microfluidic circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rotational-shape-factor-krot-for-chain-like-microrobot-sk0r2ja9.png Fig. 3. Rotational shape factor κrot for chain-like microrobot, calculated by BEM [24], MEM [23], and our proposed model. https://scispace.com/papers/study-on-the-formation-control-methods-for-multi-agent-based-24rpfiuuxb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-multiple-agents-formed-the-circular-formation-and-1hg3sj9e.png Figure 2 Multiple agents formed the circular formation and coordinated to carry the heavy weights. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-formation-process-of-multi-agent-linear-y95vg2e5.png Figure 1. The formation process of multi-agent linear formation https://scispace.com/papers/study-on-the-material-requisition-system-based-on-data-1dbyvszvir 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-functional-diagram-118futuf.png Figure 1. System Functional Diagram https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-statistics-3qyh2yf7.png Table 1. Data statistics https://scispace.com/papers/study-on-seismic-wave-propagation-characteristic-of-deep-3br5apf318 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-shows-the-change-of-blasting-vibration-signal-ud359v7p.png Figure 6 shows the change of blasting vibration signal energy over time, that is, the instantaneous energy of vibration signal. It can be seen from the figure that the vibration energy is concentrated within 0.20s ~ 0.35s, reaches a peak at 0.26s and drops to trough after about 30ms, followed by a small peak, which is in accordance with the linear direction vibration velocity curve in Figure 2. This verifies the fact that two segments of detonators are applied, with the shot charge of first segment is large and the second one is small. https://scispace.com/papers/study-on-the-morphology-and-thermomechanical-properties-of-4ojhfhelzw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3d-afm-images-of-frozen-pu-samples-scans-55-um2-z-22qro2me.png Figure 2. 3D AFM images of frozen PU samples (scans 55 µm2, z-scale 500 nm in all cases). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-roughness-values-and-saxs-interdomain-spacing-d-of-fui7f81w.png Table 2. Roughness values and SAXS interdomain spacing, D, of PU samples; Surface area: the total area of examined sample surface (the three-dimensioned area ofa given region expressed as the sum of the area of all the triangles formed by three adjacent data points) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2d-afm-phase-images-of-frozen-pu-samples-scans-55-1o0r16ck.png Figure 3. 2D AFM phase images of frozen PU samples (scans 55 µm2, z-scale 50 in all cases). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-saxs-profiles-of-the-synthesized-pu-materials-30gd0k9q.png Figure 4. SAXS profiles of the synthesized PU materials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sem-microphotographs-of-air-surface-of-pu-samples-oj2z2utx.png Figure 5. SEM Microphotographs of "air" surface of PU samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-storage-modulus-g-and-tan-d-of-the-synthesized-pus-t290g8o1.png Figure 1. Storage modulus (G') and tan δ of the synthesized PUs versus temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-temperatures-corresponding-to-the-tan-d-maximum-11eobiw1.png Table 1. Temperatures corresponding to the tan δ maximum, cross-linking density, ν, molecular weight of polymer chain between cross-links, Mc, values of the ratio Ts/TgH(tan δ), hardness and water absorption, WA, of the synthesized PUs https://scispace.com/papers/study-on-the-reflectivity-properties-of-spherically-bent-f9suekvbyi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-predicted-and-measured-reflectivity-curves-for-2kqbfn2u.png Figure 4 The predicted and measured reflectivity curves for (a) three Si(660) and (b) two Si(553) analysers. Three different curves are shown for each analyser corresponding to different mask aperture sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-composition-of-the-theoretical-reflectivity-curve-26kz9q7c.png Figure 3 Composition of the theoretical reflectivity curve for a Si(660) analyser with 86 mm diameter. (a) Distribution of the shift of the reflected photon energy given by equation (42). (b) Reflectivity for a spherically bent crystal without angular compression computed from Takagi–Taupin equations. (c) Simulated bandwidth curve of the incoming radiation, which in this case has a FWHM of 235 meV. (d) Convolution of the preceding curves. Note that the energy scale in (d) is different from the other graphs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-local-cartesian-coordinate-system-used-in-rvg2h9rb.png Figure 2 The local Cartesian coordinate system used in calculation of " hzz. The coordinate system is rotated about the z-axis by an angle ’, keeping the x0-axis parallel with the radial component r of the original cylindrical coordinates. The grey square represents a cube of infinitesimal size for which the rotated compliance matrix S 0 is computed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-circumference-2-l-of-a-circle-with-radius-l-on-5xbk1i0a.png Figure 1 The circumference 2 l of a circle with radius l on the undeformed wafer has to contract down to 2 l 0 in order to fit on a spherical surface with bending radius R. The relation of the used cylindrical coordinate system ðr; ’; zÞ to the Cartesian system ðx; y; zÞ is shown on the right. For convenience, the same label for the z-direction is used in both systems. https://scispace.com/papers/study-the-z-plane-strip-capacitance-24imqu875n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-6-z-plane-before-cloth-was-put-on-z-plane-covered-3cpxac9l.png Figure 4, 5, 6: Z-plane before cloth was put on; Z-plane covered in cloth and taped to make it air tight; Z-plane after the thermal vacuum lamination process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-shows-the-transition-board-that-takes-in-the-white-1niewd7o.png Figure 1 shows the transition board that takes in the white ribbon cable from the Z-plane, a 16 channel blue & white signal cable and 2 12-position single pole rotary switches https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-detailed-make-up-of-the-z-plane-3o2mmljg.png Figure 3: Detailed make up of the Z-plane https://scispace.com/figures/table-1shows-the-total-number-of-good-and-bad-joints-3cfchxyz.png Table 1Shows the total number of good and bad joints https://scispace.com/papers/study-on-two-phase-dynamic-behaviours-within-non-homogeneous-3ydqslan84 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hydraulic-conditions-measured-for-all-tested-debris-bfvzr2tt.png Table 1: Hydraulic conditions measured for all tested debris flows https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-grain-size-distributions-of-loose-material-forming-2usnheq6.png Figure 3: Grain size distributions of loose material forming debris flows at the upstream gully https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-ratio-of-the-calculated-two-phase-velocities-ul-us-1te5ei6n.png Figure 11: Ratio of the calculated two-phase velocities (Ul, Us) to the observed velocity (U0) for (a) natural debris flow; and (b) experimental debris flow https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-measured-u0-versus-calculated-uc-gi9nhm6r.png Figure 12: Measured U0 versus calculated Uc https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-flow-curve-of-the-finer-materials-in-experimental-2boy8n8k.png Figure 13: Flow curve of the finer materials in experimental debris flows (materials truncated at dmax = 2.0 mm for all the rheological tests) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-predictive-velocity-of-the-liquid-and-solid-phase-ulnpv8hm.png Figure 8: Predictive velocity of the liquid and solid phase within (a) natural debris flow; and (b) experimental debris flow by using Eqs. (5) and (6) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-grain-size-distributions-of-debris-flow-in-the-2wr0ff3f.png Figure 4: Grain size distributions of debris flow in the transportation zone: (a) natural debris flow; and (b) experimental debris flow https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-ratio-of-liquid-phase-ul-to-solid-phase-us-for-a-28rff2gb.png Figure 9: Ratio of liquid-phase Ul to solid-phase Us for (a) natural debris flow; and (b) experimental debris flow https://scispace.com/papers/study-protocol-for-an-open-labelled-randomised-controlled-3hq5ikzddw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-schedule-of-enrolment-interventions-and-assessments-w1klmxuj.png Table 1. Schedule of enrolment, interventions, and assessments for the duration of the study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-flowchart-zq2xkola.png Figure 1. Study flowchart. https://scispace.com/papers/studying-international-spillovers-in-a-new-keynesian-3pnnm0wgvu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-priors-and-posteriors-for-the-extended-nk-model-usa-3lbhum8t.png Table 1: Priors and Posteriors for the extended NK model (USA & Canada) Prior Posterior (USA) Posterior (CA) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simulations-implementing-bayesian-estimates-15xu40ix.png Figure 4: Simulations Implementing Bayesian Estimates: Expansionary Monetary Policy in the US https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trajectories-for-the-closed-economy-2m1y20zi.png Figure 2: Trajectories for the Closed Economy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-the-three-equation-nk-model-2774e0rh.png Figure 1: Comparison of the Three-Equation NK Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simulations-implementing-bayesian-estimates-11i9mm75.png Figure 5: Simulations Implementing Bayesian Estimates: Expansionary Monetary Policy in Canada https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-trajectories-for-the-open-economy-286d3fks.png Figure 3: Trajectories for the Open Economy https://scispace.com/papers/studying-activities-that-take-place-in-speech-interactions-a-i5e4ufsu93 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-content-of-referents-ideas-concepts-stages-and-1uyqx62b.png Table 5. content of referents, ideas, concepts, stages and collective reasoning. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-depiction-of-the-investigation-process-notes-the-1wbdlrim.png Figure 1. depiction of the investigation process. notes: the cognitive dimension is not part of our generic framework, but we opted to include it to show that the results obtained in the other dimensions are necessary to describe the cognitive dimension. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-articulation-of-phases-and-sequences-notes-the-pbwcc3qu.png Figure 4. articulation of phases and sequences. notes: the number of cls produced in each of the sequences is stated in brackets. We also state the number of the intervention by which a phase or a sequence started, and the number of the intervention that closed it. When these interventions were produced by the teacher, this is stated in brackets. for example, I270 (teacher) was the 270th intervention, and was produced by the teacher. “I54b(teacher)-I292(teacher)” means that the phase was stated by the teacher in intervention I54, and was closed by the teacher in the 292nd intervention of the interaction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-occurrence-of-functions-of-teachers-responding-nszw3lpo.png Table 3. occurrence of functions of teacher’s responding interventions during P2.S2 and P2.S3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-linear-articulation-among-cls-1e2seblq.png Figure 6. linear articulation among cls. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-occurrence-of-referents-ideas-concepts-stages-and-ba07wy2u.png Table 4. occurrence of referents, ideas, concepts, stages and collective reasoning. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-instances-of-collective-reasoning-in-chronological-3iintpeb.png Figure 7. Instances of collective reasoning in chronological order. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-sts-in-the-discussion-studied-from-2gozlmu5.png Figure 3. distribution of Sts in the discussion studied (from Specogna, 2013). note: teacher (“maîtresse”) and students; a question mark means the pupil was not identified. https://scispace.com/papers/studying-macromolecular-motions-in-a-database-framework-from-21xckvj40q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-for-the-mechanism-of-the-motions-this-zcpvku0q.png Table 1. Statistics for the Mechanism of the Motions. This table cross-tabulates the two main classifying attributes of motions: their size (row heads) and their packing characteristics (column heads). We define a known motion to be a motion with two or more solved conformations, and a suspected motion is defined to have only one or fewer solved conformations. (Adapted from Gerstein and Krebs (1998).6) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-close-up-on-the-hinge-mechanism-the-figure-shows-2cr3v4zv.png Figure 4. Close-up on the Hinge Mechanism. The figure shows the hinge motion in lactoferrin20,45. FAR-LEFT shows a ribbon drawing of the protein in the open conformation. The view is down the screwaxis, which is indicated in the figure by the circle with the dot in it. The screw-axis passes very close to the hinge region, which occurs in the middle of two beta strands (highlighted in bold). MIDDLE-LEFT and MIDDLE-RIGHT show the open and closed conformations in terms of space filling slices. The hinge region is highlighted by a thick black line. Note how few packing constraints there are on the hinge in contrast to the other atoms in the protein. (Figure adapted from Gerstein (1993).45) BOTTOM-LEFT shows the placement of a mobile loop in another protein, lactate dehydrogenase. BOTTOM-RIGHT shows a close-up of this loop that highlights the absence of close-packing at the base of the hinge. Hinge mainchain is shown in black (first hinge) and almost white (second hinge). Rest of protein is shown in shades of gray. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-the-average-amino-acid-composition-in-3ntlb25j.png Figure 8. Comparison of the average amino acid composition in linker sequences and proteins in general (as represented by the PDB40 database). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-editing-a-motion-remotely-over-the-internet-the-2te49uvh.png Figure 5. Editing a motion remotely over the Internet. The Database of Macromolecular Movements features an innovative Web form (shown here) that allows authorized remote users to collaborate and edit motions from remote sites around the world. Saved changes to motions may be previewed to see how they would appear to an end user and then applied to the database. If desired, saved changes can be made to appear immediately in the public Web interface to the database. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-closeup-on-the-shear-mechanism-the-figure-gives-a-2i6tz8ql.png Figure 3. Closeup on the Shear Mechanism. The figure gives a close up illustrating shear motion in one protein, citrate synthase20,93. TOP-LEFT, Cartoon of one subunit of citrate synthase (1CTS) gives an overall view of the protein showing that it is composed of many helices. The adjacent one is related by two-fold axis shown. The small two-stranded sheet is omitted to improve clarity. a-helices are represented by cylinders. The smal domain contains helices N, O, P, Q, and R. TOP-MIDDLE and TOPRIGHT show representative shear motions between close-packed helices. Note how the mainchain only shifts by a small amount and the sidechains stay in the same rotamer configuration. BOTTOM-LEFT highlights the “knobs into holes” interdigitation of two close-packed helices. BOTTOM-RIGHT shows how these small m tions c n be added together to produce a large overall m tion. Specifically, many small motions add up to shift helix O by 10.1 Å and rotate it by 28°. The incremental motio in shear domain closure is shown by Ca traces of the whole protein and of a closeup of the OP loop. BLACK is the apo form; WHITE, holo form; GRAY, cumulative effect of motion over the K, P, and then Q helixhelix interfaces. (The apo form was fit to the holo form, first on the core, and then on the K, P, and Q helices.) (Parts adapted from Gerstein and Krebs (1998).86) https://scispace.com/papers/studying-mooc-completion-at-scale-using-the-mooc-replication-2ouvmrat8x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-full-list-of-courses-included-in-the-current-14iw8lb6.png Table 1. The full list of courses included in the current study, and the number of iterations each course was offered. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-meta-analysis-results-per-finding-shaded-bands-t38cgh4d.png Table 3. The meta-analysis results per finding. Shaded bands indicate that our replication found the reverse of the published finding. Italics represent null results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-previously-published-findings-on-mooc-completion-jul7fkr0.png Table 2. The previously published findings on MOOC completion included in the study, presented as production rules, as well as the articles the findings are drawn from. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-mean-and-median-odds-ratio-effect-sizes-per-3so9v3io.png Table 4. The mean and median odds ratio effect sizes per finding across the 29 data sets. Shaded bands indicate that our replication found the reverse of the published finding. Italics represent null results. https://scispace.com/papers/studying-osteoarthritis-pathogenesis-in-mice-555obx2ecn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-guide-concentrations-on-inhaled-anasthaesia-in-qe2qw21k.png Table 1. Guide concentrations on inhaled anasthaesia in rodents (From 'Handbook of laboratory animal management and welfare' Wolfensohn and Lloyd) https://scispace.com/papers/studying-navigation-as-a-form-of-interaction-a-design-35xiy3y7sb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-our-iterative-methodology-solid-arrows-cycles-0-and-1-5czog0mk.png Fig. 1. Our iterative methodology. Solid arrows: cycles 0 and 1 of the methodology, accomplished during this work. Dotted arrows: direction for future works. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-robair-red-following-a-person-blue-who-was-instructed-2asjiu28.png Fig. 3. RobAIR (red) following a person (blue) who was instructed to take RobAIR to a destination (green). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-our-person-following-architecture-and-control-flow-3d14mljx.png Fig. 2. Our person-following architecture and control flow. https://scispace.com/papers/studying-the-effect-of-laser-welding-parameters-on-the-40vam3oa0f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-micro-hardness-distribution-of-typical-welds-at-3emexugd.png Figure 11: Micro-hardness distribution of typical welds at the welding speed of 50 mm/s and zero gap https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-effect-of-laser-power-on-bead-width-and-penetration-2ng4u5rr.png Figure 8: Effect of laser power on bead width and penetration (welding speed= 60 mm/s, gap=0 mm) for different laser powers (a) 1200 W, (b) 1400 W, (c) 1600 W, (d) 1800 W, (e) 2000 W https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-effect-of-laser-power-on-weld-bead-penetration-epeuz3oz.png Figure 10: Effect of laser power on weld bead penetration depth for different gap size (a) 0 mm, (b) 0.05 mm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-effect-of-laser-power-on-weld-bead-width-at-q9v0y6ew.png Figure 9: Effect of laser power on weld bead width at interface for different gap sizes (a) 0 mm, (b) 0.05 mm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-the-effect-of-gap-size-on-the-weld-bead-width-at-z4qwjgo2.png Figure 14: The effect of gap size on the weld bead width at interface for different powers (a) P= 1400 W, (b) P=1600 W https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-top-view-of-weld-bead-with-laser-power-of-1800-w-2ddxcpq5.png Figure 12: Top view of weld bead with laser power of 1800 W and welding speed of 50 mm/s and different gaps (a) 0 mm, (b) 0.05 mm, (c) 0.1 mm, (d) 0.15 mm, and (e) 0.2 mm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-effect-of-gap-size-on-weld-bead-shape-welding-1jevn1os.png Figure 13: Effect of gap size on weld bead shape (welding speed= 50 mm/s, laser power=1600 W) for different gap size (a) 0 mm, (b) 0.05 mm, (c) 0.1 mm, (d) 0.15 mm, (e) 0.2 mm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-micro-hardness-distribution-of-typical-welds-at-3t1q64gp.png Figure 15: Micro-hardness distribution of typical welds at the welding speed of 50 mm/s and 1600 W laser power https://scispace.com/papers/studying-the-genetic-predisposing-factors-in-the-pjc9kqmv65 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-epidermal-keratinocytes-can-recognize-external-danger-1scxzr2y.png Fig. 1. Epidermal keratinocytes can recognize external danger signals via various pathogen recognition receptors. Their activation initiates innate immune events, orchestrated by early response cytokines, including TNF- and IL-1 . As a result, the xpression of various downstream target genes increases. Extensive activation of hese signaling cascades can lead to uncontrolled inflammation. https://scispace.com/papers/studying-usability-in-sitro-simulating-real-world-phenomena-od0zq5zb1o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-part-of-the-simulated-bridge-at-svendborg-1wivuc5e.png FIGURE 9 The part of the simulated bridge at Svendborg International Maritime Academy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simplified-illustration-of-the-often-claimed-trade-22l788rm.png FIGURE 1 Simplified illustration of the often claimed trade-offs between a high level of control and a high level of realism in in situ and in vitro evaluations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sine-maersk-in-gothenburg-container-terminal-1-3kvsso7g.png FIGURE 4 Sine Maersk in Gothenburg container terminal. 1 = bridge, 2 = fore area, 3 = aft area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-distribution-of-identified-usability-problems-7cyofb1b.png FIGURE 18 Distribution of identified usability problems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-wireless-camera-mounted-on-the-personal-digital-2nev2buj.png FIGURE 14 Wireless camera mounted on the personal digital assistant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-video-recording-from-evaluation-in-the-usability-1l5dsbnn.png FIGURE 8 Video recording from evaluation in the usability laboratory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cardboard-mock-up-of-the-bridge-ship-and-mooring-2dpk60rx.png FIGURE 7 Cardboard mock-up of the bridge, ship, and mooring. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-video-images-from-simulated-ward-and-personal-2xb89fmo.png FIGURE 15 Video images from simulated ward and personal digital assistant. https://scispace.com/papers/studying-the-implementation-of-public-programs-4ky6h3nok0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2-summaries-of-11-exemplary-studies-continued-15dkwu68.png Table 1-2. SUMMARIES OF 11 EXEMPLARY STUDIES (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-illustrative-chronology-from-1-year-of-nelkin-1973-247z2l3y.png Table 3-1. ILLUSTRATIVE CHRONOLOGY FROM 1 YEAR OF NELKIN (1973) STUDY https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-illustrative-tabulation-of-multiple-sites-from-1s5pwtoq.png Table 3-2. ILLUSTRATIVE TABULATION OF MULTIPLE SITES FROM BAER ET AL. (1976) https://scispace.com/papers/stump-harvesting-for-bioenergy-probably-has-transient-2zu22kdz60 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-se-abundance-a-and-family-richness-b-of-14ltwupg.png Figure 1. Mean + SE abundance (a) and family richness (b) of beetles at the different 608 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-names-locations-and-soil-types-of-sites-in-the-2o70jor6.png Table 1. Names, locations and soil types of sites in the present study 521 https://scispace.com/papers/stunting-and-selection-effects-of-famine-a-case-study-of-the-1uftq28pll 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-height-by-birth-year-rural-population-1dr2ojer.png Figure 1: Height by Birth Year (Rural Population) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-height-age-profiles-for-children-3mx7rmw6.png Figure 3: Height-Age Profiles For Children https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-summary-of-estimates-for-the-rural-population-2rtkogth.png Table 7: Summary of Estimates for the Rural Population Omitting the Pre-famine Control Group https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-2oohqigj.png Table 2: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mothers-height-and-fathers-height-ols-results-n91587o9.png Table 3: Mother’s Height and Father’s Height OLS Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-estimates-for-the-urban-population-3spn8pk4.png Table 6: Summary of Estimates for the Urban Population https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stunting-effects-plotted-against-tm-two-children-3i4qxecl.png Figure 2: Stunting Effects Plotted Against τm (Two Children, Rural Population) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-childrens-height-ols-results-2hp5820g.png Table 4: Children’s Height OLS Results https://scispace.com/papers/stylised-facts-of-financial-time-series-and-hidden-markov-3p93bzoh1i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-model-selection-based-on-the-akaike-information-1bet3cin.png Table 4. Model selection based on the Akaike information criterion and the Bayesian information criterion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-empirical-autocorrelation-function-of-the-221ytxz7.png Figure 4. The empirical autocorrelation function of the squared outlier-corrected log-returns at lag 1 100 together with autocorrelation functions of the squared outlier-corrected simulated log-returns for the tted models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-mean-squared-error-and-the-weighted-mean-squared-21670emg.png Table 2. The mean squared error and the weighted mean squared error of the autocorrelation function of the squared returns and the outlier-corrected squared returns for the tted models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-rst-four-moments-of-the-log-returns-together-z3pbeg6p.png Table 3. The rst four moments of the log-returns together with bootstrapped 95%-con dence intervals and simulated moments for the tted models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-rst-four-moments-of-the-s-p-500-log-returns-and-2alnnxhr.png Table 1. The rst four moments of the S&P 500 log-returns and the Jarque Bera test statistic together with bootstrapped 95%-con dence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-daily-log-returns-of-the-s-p-500-total-return-2vyvymkr.png Figure 1. The daily log-returns of the S&P 500 total return index and a kernel estimate of the density of the standardised daily log-returns together with the density function for the standard normal distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-autocorrelation-function-of-the-absolute-value-3gir2jqx.png Figure 5. The autocorrelation function of the absolute value of 500,000 returns simulated from the estimated four-state CTHMM raised to di erent positive powers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-empirical-autocorrelation-function-of-the-3560sr8h.png Figure 3. The empirical autocorrelation function of the squared log-returns at lag 1 100 together with simulated autocorrelation functions for the tted models. https://scispace.com/papers/sub-5kev-electron-beam-lithography-in-hydrogen-5f19r8tid5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scanning-electron-micrographs-of-nested-ls-in-15-nm-i3x64vnj.png Figure 1. Scanning-electron micrographs of nested L’s in 15-nm-thick HSQ exposed at 2 keV. (a) 9 nm half-pitch with a dose of 0.4 nC/cm (250 electrons/nm); (b) 10 nm half-pitch with a dose of 0.6 nC/cm (370 electrons/nm); (c) 15 nm half-pitch showing a clearly developed structure with a dose of 0.6 nC/cm (560 electrons/nm) (this experiment used cascading nested L’s); (d) 20 nm half-pitch with a dose of 0.9 nC/cm (560 electrons/nm); and (e) 30 nm half-pitch with a dose of 1 nC/cm (620 electrons/nm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-holes-and-trenches-patterned-in-15-nm-thick-hsq-at-3ivb6k39.png Figure 5. Holes and trenches patterned in 15-nm-thick HSQ at 2 keV. (a) Pattern consisting of 2 μm × 2 μm exposed area with 40 nm × 40 nm unexposed windows at the center. (b) Scanning-electron micrograph of close-packed 30-nm-diameter holes in HSQ, using 10 nm step size and 0.3 fC/dot (1,860 electrons/dot). (c) Scanning-electron micrograph of ‘EFRC’ letters with a minimum feature size of 15 nm and minimal edge roughness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scanning-electron-micrographs-of-a-corner-of-a-4-mm-32udzx6a.png Figure 2. Scanning-electron micrographs of a corner of a 4 μm × 4 μm dot array in 15-nm-thick HSQ, exposed at 2 keV. (a) 15 nm half-pitch with a dose of 2 fC/dot (12,000 electrons/dot) and (b) 13 nm halfpitch with a dose of 1.5 fC/dot (9,300 electrons/dot). The small deviation (~ 12 %) in dot diameter between the center and the corner of the array indicated minimal proximity effect. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-design-of-2-mm-x-2-mm-patterned-area-with-40-nm-x-18v30hpl.png Figure 4. (a) Design of 2 μm × 2 μm patterned area with 40 nm × 40 nm unpatterned window at the center. (b) Normalized dose density (or aerial dose) calculated at the center of the unpatterned area, for low energy (2 keV) and high energy (30 keV). The exposure contrast at 2 keV is 5.5 times higher than at 30 keV.(c) Calculated process latitude (diameter variation versus hole diameter) of the pattern shown in (a), https://scispace.com/papers/su-2-invariants-of-symmetric-qubit-states-35v9omm5ps 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-x0y0z0-frame-with-mean-spin-direction-z0-as-the-3vou71fr.png Fig. 1. x0y0z0 frame with mean spin direction ẑ0 as the bisector of two directions p(1) and p(2). https://scispace.com/papers/sub-let-threshold-see-cross-section-dependency-with-ion-3xnxqlb922 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulated-seu-cross-sections-for-ne-ions-as-a-function-224m3ptu.png Fig. 8. Simulated SEU cross sections for Ne ions as a function of ion energy compared to experimental results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulated-seu-cross-sections-for-fe-ions-as-a-function-1ltt0ehk.png Fig. 6. Simulated SEU cross sections for Fe ions as a function of ion energy compared to experimental results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-simulated-seu-cross-sections-for-c-ions-as-a-function-2h42bneb.png Fig. 7. Simulated SEU cross sections for C ions as a function of ion energy compared to experimental results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-heavy-ion-test-data-as-a-function-of-let-kcc6bp52.png Fig. 1. Heavy ion test data as a function of LET. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-sub-let-threshold-esa-monitor-seu-heavy-ion-data-27zrpozv.png TABLE I SUB-LET THRESHOLD ESA MONITOR SEU HEAVY ION DATA. MORE THAN 1000 SEUS WERE OBTAINED PER EXPERIMENTAL POINT, THEREFORE STATISTICAL ERROR BARS ARE NOT CONSIDERED IN THE PLOTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sub-threshold-heavy-ion-test-data-as-a-function-of-18bhuvqf.png Fig. 2. Sub-threshold heavy ion test data as a function of energy per nucleon. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-heavy-ion-seb-data-as-a-function-of-let-for-the-power-3qcnae8u.png Fig. 10. Heavy ion SEB data as a function of LET for the power MOSFET biased at 45 V. All values were obtained with at least 50 events except for Fe, for which no events were observed and corresponds to the two-sigma upper limit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-simulated-sub-let-threshold-ne-seu-cross-sections-as-a-91kfth2l.png Fig. 9. Simulated sub-LET threshold Ne SEU cross sections as a function of ion energy compared to experimental results. Both a geometry including only the BEOL of the component and full beam line geometry are considered in the simulation. https://scispace.com/papers/sub-chronic-administration-of-doxorubicin-to-wistar-rats-mi8lsa0d8r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effects-of-dox-treatment-on-lung-and-heart-oxidative-1hgno5pw.png Fig. 4. Effects of DOX treatment on lung and heart oxidative stress markers. (A) Representative blot indicating protein-bound carbonyls present in the samples. Each well was loaded with 10 g protein. The graph in (B) represents mean density calculated in the entire lane in each group. A negative control was made in the absence of dinitrophenylhydrazine [DNPH (−)] (A). (C) Measurement of MDA levels, and (D) reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) and (E) vitamin E. Data shown represents mean± SEM from 8 to 10 different animals per group. Statistical significance: ***p<0.001; *p<0.05 compared with control lung tissue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effects-of-dox-treatment-on-caspase-9-and-3-like-2rw0922v.png Fig. 5. Effects of DOX treatment on caspase 9- and 3-like activities. Caspases-like activity assayswere performed bymeasuring p-nitroaniline cleavage fromAcLEHD-pNA and AcDEVED-pNA substrates, respectively. A negative control for each caspase-like assaywasmade in absence of lung or heart tissue extract. Data shown representsmean± SEM from 8 to 10 different animals per group. Statistical significance: ***p<0.001; *p<0.05 compared with control heart tissue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effects-of-dox-treatment-on-apoptosis-related-proteins-1yckpvyz.png Fig. 2. Effects of DOX treatment on apoptosis-related proteins. Western blots were performed to measure the abundance of apoptosis-related proteins in samples from each treatment group: (A) p53, (B) Bax, (C) Bcl-2, (D) Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. All proteins were normalized to the corresponding -actin. Each well was loaded with 100 g protein. Data shown represents mean± SEM from 8 to 10 different animals per group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effects-of-dox-treatment-in-body-and-lungweights-1pnq6hdh.png Fig. 1. Effects of DOX treatment in body and lungweights ofWistar rats. Body and lungweights were registered at the day of sacrifice. (A) **p<0.01 comparedwith final body weight of saline rats, (B) and (C) no statistical differences between groups were observed regarding lung weight and lung weight normalized to body weight. Data shown represents mean± SEM from 8 to 10 different animals per group. https://scispace.com/papers/sub-frame-crossing-for-streaming-video-over-wireless-23gn12c7fw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-receiving-the-streaming-sub-frames-crossing-in-the-2nepmas4.png Figure 3. Receiving the streaming sub-frames crossing in the mobile device. Figure 4. Reconstruct frame. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-implementation-comparison-71twxkne.png Table I: IMPLEMENTATION COMPARISON https://scispace.com/papers/sub-nanosecond-switching-and-acceleration-to-relativistic-4hjw1i1rm1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-field-emission-current-pulses-at-35cwp6zu.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) Field emission current pulses at different anode voltages, Va, measured in a preparation chamber. Broken curves show the theory. (b) Peak position time and the rise time in half-width at the halfmaximum for different Va values. Curves show theory assuming a FWHM duration of the field emission current pulse, T(th), of 0.4 ns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-beam-image-of-field-emission-electron-g18b5wsi.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Beam image of field emission electron pulse (a) accelerated to 200 keV by diode gun, and (b) accelerated by combined diode-RF cavity gun to 3.5 MeV. (c) RF phase dependence of the bunch charge (filled squares) and beam energy (filled circles). Curves are the simulated RF phase dependence of the bunch charge calculated with different bunch durations between 300 and 800 ps. (d) Energy spectra of the beam accelerated by three different RF power levels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-scanning-electron-micrograph-of-a-5-lm-3ycej26v.png FIG. 1. (Color online) (a) Scanning electron micrograph of a 5-lm-pitch molybdenum FEA. The inset shows the high-resolution picture of one emitter. (b) Schematic cross-section of an FEA chip. (c) Schematic diagram of combined diode-RF cavity electron gun. Only relevant parts are shown. K: cathode holder; A: anode,; TR: transformer; PSL: pulsed solenoid; DSL: solenoid; SCR and SCR2: scintillating screen monitor; FC: Faraday cup; DP: dipole magnet. SCR and FC can be moved in/out to/from the beam axis. (d) Schematic diagram of the FEA driver and the FEA holder (HV circuit is not included). https://scispace.com/papers/sub-resolution-maximum-likelihood-based-localization-of-2qi4jzf46f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xz-sections-of-the-psf-shown-together-with-the-crbs-2ctlbq9r.png Fig. 1. xz-sections of the PSF shown together with the CRBs for zp (dashed black line) and xp (green line) for different axial positions zp of the particle (with xp centered between two pixels). The CRBs are shown as a function of defocus of the acquisition, for shot noise with c = 20, A = 450, and σ2b = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-localization-results-for-three-beads-the-3dld7f4l.png Fig. 3. Experimental localization results for three beads. The plots show the deviationsΔz = ẑp−zref andΔx = x̂p−xref , respectively, where zref and xref are the reference positions estimated using all acquisitions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-estimation-results-and-crbs-for-zp-and-xp-as-a-1n308uxe.png Fig. 2. Estimation results and CRBs for zp and xp as a function of defocus (z − zp), for a particle located at xp = (0.035, 0.0, 5.0) μm. The estimator reaches the theoretical limit; for each focal position (z), the estimation was performed on 50 different realizations of noise with c = 20, A = 450, and σ2b = 3, yielding a 18.3 dB average SNR. https://scispace.com/papers/sub-synchronous-resonance-damper-based-on-the-stator-voltage-3333g5k514 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-inner-ssr-damper-loop-eigenvalues-bode-diagram-without-3inhv7sh.png Fig. 8. Inner SSR damper loop eigenvalues’ Bode diagram without a rotation in [FFR] (blue) and for a -120 degree rotation (orange) with an 80% line impedance compensation (a) and 50% (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-gsc-and-rsc-current-control-loops-with-the-ssrd-3ehyqhx4.png Fig. 6. GSC and RSC current control loops with the SSRD represented in green. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-block-diagram-representation-of-the-dfig-matrix-jx186xet.png Fig. 7. Block diagram representation of the DFIG matrix impedance model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dfig-wind-turbine-with-an-lcl-filter-connected-to-a-37x4arod.png Fig. 1. DFIG wind turbine with an LCL filter connected to a series compensated grid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dfig-equivalent-circuit-nydp0cx0.png Fig. 2. DFIG equivalent circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-closed-loop-pole-evolution-for-the-whole-range-of-41wiavh3.png Fig. 10. Closed-loop pole evolution for the whole range of possible rotational speeds for an 80% line impedance compensation (a), 50% (b), and 20% (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-rsc-blue-and-gsc-orange-current-control-loop-268qg5v7.png Fig. 9. RSC (blue) and GSC (orange) current control loop eigenvalues’ Bode diagram with the proposed SSRD and an 80% line impedance compensation (a) and 50% (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-gsc-and-rsc-current-control-loops-including-the-pll-2llzld1f.png Fig. 3. GSC and RSC current control loops including the PLL model. https://scispace.com/papers/sub-thz-wireless-transport-layer-for-ubiquitous-high-data-10a557f2bx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-area-capacity-vs-aperture-angle-and-range-a-range-250-1qx84iip.png Fig. 2 Area capacity vs. aperture angle and range, a) range 250 – 700 m, b) range 750 – 1100 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-deployment-of-wireless-transport-layer-in-urban-1spqgdff.png Fig. 3 Deployment of wireless transport layer in urban scenario (top view). F1, F2 fiber access points; S1, S2, S3 and S4 D-band clusters: B1,B2 and B3 D-band subbands. G-band links in red. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-deployment-of-wireless-transport-layer-in-urban-3h5lq0g8.png Fig. 3 Deployment of wireless transport layer in urban scenario (top view). F1, F2 fiber access points; S1, S2, S3 and S4 D-band clusters: B1,B2 and B3 D-band subbands. G-band links in red. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-data-rate-for-250-mhz-channel-as-a-function-of-antenna-r9shua1l.png Fig. 1 Data rate for 250 MHz channel as a function of antenna gain and range at 147 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-area-capacity-vs-aperture-angle-and-range-a-range-250-7a1y2y2n.png Fig. 2 Area capacity vs. aperture angle and range, a) range 250 – 700 m, b) range 750 – 1100 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-data-rate-for-250-mhz-channel-as-a-function-of-antenna-2cla5fko.png Fig. 1 Data rate for 250 MHz channel as a function of antenna gain and range at 147 GHz. https://scispace.com/papers/subband-structure-of-two-dimensional-electron-gases-in-4r4tcou63u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-subband-spacings-in-the-top-and-bottom-of-2deg-1hr9zf97.png TABLE I. Subband spacings in the top and bottom of 2DEG, respectively, derived from the dip positions in the d2I=d2V characteristics at 2 K. The dip positions were obtained from a set of I-V curves that had twice as many data points as those shown in Fig. 2(b), to maximize the accuracy with which the dip positions could be obtained. Given the number of data points, the accuracy is no better than 6.25 meV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temperature-dependence-of-the-1t-feature-left-axis-and-15n3y5li.png FIG. 3. Temperature dependence of the 1t feature (left axis) and of the 0-1 subband spacing (right axis) of the bottom and top 2DEG, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-di-dv-characteristics-of-the-device-at-different-1607mbcr.png FIG. 2. (a) dI=dV characteristics of the device at different temperatures and (b) d2I=d2V characteristics of the device at 2 K. The I-V data collected had 80 data points in between 0.5 V and þ0.5 V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-of-the-tunnel-device-b-schematic-energy-39w6tqfx.png FIG. 1. (a) Schematic of the tunnel device. (b) Schematic energy diagram of the subband configuration at a SrTiO3/GdTiO3/SrTiO3 heterostructure at zero applied bias and low temperature. A slight asymmetry in the carrier concentration and resulting subband spacing between the two 2DEGs is assumed. The number of subbands and band bending shown is for illustrative purposes only and the schematic is not meant to be quantitative. Ec indicates the conduction band edge and EF (dashed line) is the Fermi level. The numbers (0, 1, 2) refer to the subbands indices, and the subscripts to top and bottom 2DEG, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/subaqueous-landslides-at-the-distal-basin-of-lago-nahuel-58fy2yp5z0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-morphometrical-parameters-estimated-upon-selected-6uvza640.png TABLE 1: Morphometrical parameters estimated upon selected landslides. (T= translational motion; RT= combined rotational-translational motion; SP= slip plane; AA= undisturbed adjacent area; LS= lateral scarp; HS= headscarp https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-morphometrical-parameters-estimated-upon-selected-2xfe5at6.png TABLE 1: Morphometrical parameters estimated upon selected landslides. (T= translational motion; RT= combined rotational-translational motion; SP= slip plane; AA= undisturbed adjacent area; LS= lateral scarp; HS= headscarp https://scispace.com/papers/subcutaneous-administration-of-the-retrograde-transport-1oo5gsgkbo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-release-kinetic-of-retro-2-1-out-of-peg-pla-2yqrdjdq.png Figure 2. Release kinetic of Retro-2.1 out of PEG-PLA micelles in PBS at room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-structure-of-retro-2-1-major-metabolite-mm176b-1edqrpk6.png Figure 6. Structure of Retro-2.1 major metabolite, MM176B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structures-of-retro-2-and-its-first-generation-f8vzl1d6.png Figure 1. Structures of Retro-2 and its first generation derivative Retro-2.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-metabolic-stability-of-retro-2-1-upon-incubation-2mzi3rx4.png Table 2. Metabolic stability of Retro-2.1 upon incubation with mouse or human microsomes. https://scispace.com/papers/subdividing-the-beat-auditory-and-motor-contributions-to-30ggr6tryk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-position-top-half-of-each-panel-and-1p1wdd0h.png FIGURE 4. Mean position (top half of each panel) and acceleration (bottom half) trajectories before beats that were and were not preceded by auditory (top panel), motor (middle panel), and auditory + motor (bottom panel) information. On-beat keypresses occurred at 0 ms and sensory information between beats occurred approximately 250 ms before. Horizontal lines indicate where differences between trajectories reached significance (p < .01). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-asynchronies-se-for-melodies-with-no-sensory-20gqfobz.png FIGURE 2. Mean asynchronies (+SE) for melodies with no sensory information between beats (leftmost bar) and with auditory, motor, or auditory + motor information between beats. Stars above bars on the right indicate which conditions were significantly different from the noinformation condition (p < .05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-asynchronies-se-by-beat-within-the-odd-and-2cw3d40i.png FIGURE 3. Mean asynchronies (±SE) by beat within the odd- and evensubdivision melodies for auditory (top panel), motor (middle panel), and auditory + motor (bottom panel) information. Stars indicate beats for which asynchronies differed significantly between melodies (p < .05). https://scispace.com/papers/subexponential-algorithms-for-partial-cover-problems-4j4vnnm9iq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-description-of-the-partial-cover-algorithm-cu14tv0b.png Figure 2: Description of the partial cover Algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-algorithmic-schema-39a94qg7.png Figure 1: The Algorithmic Schema https://scispace.com/papers/subjective-evaluation-of-use-of-babyloid-for-doll-therapy-2ggu1zmb16 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-feeling-between-baby-doll-and-3qwed42v.png TABLE II COMPARISON OF FEELING BETWEEN BABY DOLL AND BABYLOID https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-questionnaire-2fu3s58p.png TABLE I QUESTIONNAIRE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-expression-each-facial-expressions-label-is-i20vu3va.png Fig. 3. Example expression. Each facial expression’s label is given by our subjectivity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-babyloids-construction-bfkh4hs4.png Fig. 2. Babyloid’s construction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evaluation-results-jmx3rv2c.png Fig. 4. Evaluation results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-babyloid-m4jr9uo6.png Fig. 1. Babyloid https://scispace.com/papers/subjectively-interesting-subgroup-discovery-on-real-valued-432povhoc0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-si-of-subgroups-in-the-synthetic-data-ssiii-3mqshkh5.png Fig. 3. SI of subgroups in the synthetic data, (§III), corresponding to true descriptions when adding and removing points randomly to the subgroups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-change-in-si-for-the-top-patterns-over-four-35nig0i5.png TABLE I CHANGE IN SI FOR THE TOP PATTERNS OVER FOUR ITERATIONS (§III). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-patterns-found-in-the-synthetic-data-ssii-ssiii-a-data-2ol69l9e.png Fig. 2. Patterns found in the synthetic data (§II,§III), (a) Data with the embedded patterns highlighted. (b) Top ranked pattern. Light green circles are random data points, darker colored crosses the three embedded clusters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-runtime-to-update-the-background-distribution-with-1gbum92a.png TABLE II RUNTIME TO UPDATE THE BACKGROUND DISTRIBUTION WITH IDENTIFIED PATTERNS. FIRST ROW SHOWS TIME (IN SECONDS) TO FIT THE INITIAL DISTRIBUTION, CONSECUTIVE ROWS TIME UNTIL CONVERGENCE WHEN INCORPORATING ADDITIONAL PATTERNS. DATA SETS: GERMAN SOCIO-ECONOMICS (GSE; n = 412, dx = 13, dy = 5), WATER QUALITY (WQ; n = 1060, dx = 14, dy = 16), CRIME (CR; n = 1994, dx = 122, dy = 1), MAMMALS (MA; n = 2220, dx = 67, dy = 124). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-top-subgroup-pattern-in-the-socio-economics-data-ssiii-2c3mzmuk.png Fig. 4. Top subgroup pattern in the Socio-economics data (§III), “Children Pop. <= 14.1”. (a) Districts covered by the subgroup, (b) comparison of vote distribution for the model and the covered districts, (c) top spread pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-of-violent-crime-over-the-full-data-light-1devs8tr.png Fig. 1. Distribution of violent crime over the full data (light blue area), part covered by the subgroup ‘high rate of unmarried mothers’ (red area), and distribution within the subgroup (red dotted line). Height of colored areas given by Gaussian-kernel smoothed estimates. The subgroup clearly covers a substantial amount of the data where the violent crime rate is relatively high. https://scispace.com/papers/subjective-experience-or-objective-process-understanding-the-1td530ktf1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participants-included-in-the-study-13bcy2mz.png Table 1: Participants included in the study https://scispace.com/papers/submolecular-scale-investigations-on-metal-phthalocyanine-1k4hfado5e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-topographic-images-of-cupc-monolayers-on-2qeuwi3z.png FIG. 2. Color online Topographic images of CuPc monolayers on Au 111 surfaces obtained by FM-AFM. a 6 6 nm2, f =−450 Hz. b 7 7 nm2, f =−134 Hz. c An illustration of molecular arrangements in a . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-fm-afm-images-of-a-cupc-monolayer-on-an-34h8rq0c.png FIG. 6. Color online FM-AFM images of a CuPc monolayer on an Au 111 surface, 12 12 nm2, f =−170 Hz. a Topographic image. b SP image. c Fluctuation-corrected SP image. d A cross-sectional profile measured along the A-B line indicated in b . e A model to explain the molecular-scale SP contrast. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-molecular-structure-of-mpc-hrr8fmla.png FIG. 1. Molecular structure of MPc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-topographic-images-of-a-copc-monolayer-on-2gnqw8mw.png FIG. 4. Color online Topographic images of a CoPc monolayer on an Au 111 surface obtained by FM-AFM. a 300 210 nm2, f =−20 Hz. b 7 7 nm2, f =−260 Hz. c 4 4 nm2, f =−320 Hz. https://scispace.com/papers/submillimeter-wave-spectroscopy-of-and-interstellar-search-4etdayp2ir 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-2nuv2lue.png Table 1: continued. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-synthetic-lte-spectrum-of-thioacetaldehyde-in-red-8sodw4r2.png Figure 1: Synthetic LTE spectrum of thioacetaldehyde (in red) used to derive the upper limit to its column density, overlaid on the ALMA spectrum of Sgr B2(N2) (in black) and the synthetic spectrum that contains the contributions of all the species (but not thioacetaldehyde) that we have identified so far in this source on the basis of the EMoCA survey (in green). The dotted line in each panel indicates the 3σ noise level. Other transitions of thioacetaldehyde that are expected to be weaker than 3σ and/or heavily contaminated by other species are not shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-source-parameters-assumed-for-thioacetaldehyde-in-5f0af2l8.png Table 4: Source parameters assumed for thioacetaldehyde in each of the ASAI sets of observations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-3s-upper-limits-to-thioacetaldehyde-and-the-line-3e2r8cgg.png Table 5: 3σ upper limits to thioacetaldehyde and the line parameters used to calculate them in each of the ASAI sets of observations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-2z99xx2z.png Table 1: continued. https://scispace.com/papers/submillimeter-atmospheric-transparency-at-maunakea-at-the-2dpdwb1ioj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-broad-band-350um-zenith-optical-depth-measured-on-22wyjvv4.png Figure 8. Broad band 350µm zenith optical depth measured on the Chajnantor plateau. These data are a non redundant composite of measurements at ALMA, at the CBI, and at APEX. Top: Monthly quartiles (25%, 50%, & 75%); center left: seasonal variation; center right: yearly quartiles; bottom left: cumulative distribution; bottom right: diurnal variation (with mean solar noon indicated). In each panel, markers indicate median values and the error bars show the first and third quartiles (25% & 75%). Horizontal dotted lines show the overall quartiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-broad-band-350-um-zenith-optical-depth-measured-at-2sgyscnt.png Figure 7. Broad band 350 µm zenith optical depth measured at the South Pole. Top: Monthly quartiles (25%, 50%, & 75%); center left: seasonal variation; center right: yearly quartiles; bottom left: cumulative distribution; bottom right: diurnal variation. In each panel, markers indicate median values and the error bars show the first and third quartiles (25% & 75%). Horizontal dotted lines show the overall quartiles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-site-characteristics-kuwjosbs.png Table 1 Site Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-optical-layout-of-submillimeter-tipper-to-scale-165pgc46.png Figure 1. Optical layout of submillimeter tipper (to scale). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-submillimeter-transmission-of-0-25mm-thick-woven-3t5b1lwx.png Figure 2. Submillimeter transmission of 0.25mm thick woven fabric used as the tipper’s weather cover window compared with unwoven GoreTex RA7956 sheet and with passbands of 350 µm and 200mum filters. Measurements of fabric made with an spectrometer in the SAO submillimeter receiver lab (S. Paine 1998, private communication). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-correlations-between-successive-measurements-of-30mypsen.png Figure 11. Correlations between successive measurements of the broad band 350µm and 200 µm zenith optical depths on the Chajnantor plateau (left) and on Cerro Chajnantor (right). The measurements saturate when τ(200 µm) > 4. The guide lines illustrate τ(200 µm) = 3.2 τ(350 µm) − 0.35. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-left-quantiles-of-the-broad-band-200um-zenith-5mtplab5.png Figure 12. Left: Quantiles of the broad band 200µm zenith optical depths measured on the Chajnantor plateau (CP) and on Cerro Chajnantor (CC) with the deciles marked (QQ plot). The measurements were not simultaneous. The guide line shows τcc = 0.7 τcp. Right: The cumulative distributions of the 200µm measurements and the ratio of the quantiles, Qi(τcc)/Qi(τcp). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-left-correlation-between-the-broad-band-350-um-km3txna1.png Figure 10. Left: Correlation between the broad band 350 µm zenith optical depths measured simultaneously on the Chajnantor plateau (CP) and on Cerro Chajnantor (CC). The guide line shows the best linear fit τcc = 0.7 τcp. Right: The cumulative distributions of the paired measurements and the ratio of the quantiles, Qi(τcc)/Qi(τcp). https://scispace.com/papers/submillisecond-response-nematic-liquid-crystal-modulators-1jmlnxernj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-device-structure-of-dffs-mode-in-a-3vcg5oy9.png FIG. 1. Color online Device structure of DFFS mode in a voltage-on state. The LC employed has a positive . https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-calculated-gtg-scale-response-time-in-unit-of-ms-of-2xm6hkj7.png TABLE II. Calculated GTG scale response time in unit of ms of cell 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-isocontrast-contour-plot-of-cell-1-the-lc-3dyjkfd2.png FIG. 3. Color online Isocontrast contour plot of cell 1. The LC applied is E7-like, d=14 m, W=3 m, and G=3 m. The parameters of the compensation films are listed as follows: for A+ plate ne=1.5590, no=1.5866, and d=25.65 m; for C− plate ne=1.50, no=1.65, and d=8.02 m. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-calculated-gtg-scale-response-time-in-unit-of-ms-of-277eh3sd.png TABLE I. Calculated GTG scale response time in unit of ms of cell 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-simulated-vt-curves-for-proposed-cells-3mogvfjf.png FIG. 2. Color online Simulated VT curves for proposed cells. Curve 1 is for cell 1 with E7-like LC: d=14 m, W=3 m, and G=3 m; Curve 2 is for cell 2 with high n LC material: d=11 m, W=2 m, and G=2 m; Curve 3, a comparison curve, is for a cell with E7-like LC: d=14 m, W=3 m, and G=3 m. https://scispace.com/papers/suboptimal-stabilizing-controllers-for-linearly-solvable-8a42v89snh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-set-notation-3llzny8l.png TABLE I SET NOTATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-computational-results-of-system-19-a-convergence-of-1vy7t4ap.png Fig. 2. Computational results of system (19). (a) Convergence of the objective function of (13) as the degree of polynomial increases. The approximation error for x ≤ 0 is denoted as l and the approximation error for x ≥ 0 is denoted as r. (b) Sample trajectories using controller computed from optimization problem (13) with different polynomial degrees starting from six randomly chosen initial points. (c) The comparison between Ju and Vu for different polynomial degrees whereby Ju is the expected cost and Vu is the value function computed from optimization problem (13). The initial condition is fixed at x0 = −0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-desirability-function-for-varying-polynomial-29pq6ubk.png Fig. 1. The desirability function for varying polynomial degree. The true solution is the black curve. https://scispace.com/papers/subpicosecond-spectroscopic-studies-of-singlet-exciton-25jq696y04 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-l6440rso.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/subpicosecond-time-resolved-raman-studies-of-field-induced-4atbii1jiq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-electron-drift-velocity-as-a-function-of-time-delay-21zoz6ns.png FIG. 2. Electron drift velocity as a function of time delay for an In0.53Ga0.47As-based p-i-n nanostructure open circles , an InP-based p-i-n nanostructure solid circles , and a GaAs-based p-i-n nanostructure open squares . The straight line drawn between t=0 and 200 fs on the data of an In0.53Ga0.47As-based p-i-n nanostructure indicates the time interval during which electrons travel ballistically. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-nonequilibrium-electron-distribution-for-an-in0-53ga0-1fr7oki2.png FIG. 1. Nonequilibrium electron distribution for an In0.53Ga0.47As-based p-i-n nanostructure measured at an electric field intensity E=20 kV/cm, a photoexcited electron-hole pair density n 5 1016 cm−3, and for time delays of a 120 fs, b 400 fs, and c 3 ps. The time evolution of electron distributions provides a better insight of electron transient transport phenomena in semiconductors. https://scispace.com/papers/subregional-growth-poles-of-the-opole-voivodeship-the-case-25qmy9s644 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-opole-voivodeship-growth-poles-borders-as-of-q2464sx7.png Figure 1. The Opole Voivodeship growth poles borders as of February 2016 https://scispace.com/papers/subsidies-and-trade-barriers-4jhddtbvsp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparative-static-estimates-of-economic-welfare-1r3drmwk.png Table 1: Comparative static estimates of economic welfare gains from full global liberalization of goods and services trade https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sectoral-and-regionala-contributions-to-comparative-2amo7xx8.png Table 2: Sectoral and regionala contributions to comparative static estimates of economic welfare gains from completely removing goods trade barriers globally, post-Uruguay Round, 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-annual-increment-to-global-gdp-without-and-with-50-10ogvzb4.png Figure 1: Annual increment to global GDP without and with 50% cut to subsidies and trade barriers, 2006 to 2050 (in billions of 2002 US dollars) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-benefits-and-costs-of-liberalizing-2qf9g7sg.png Table 4: Summary of benefits and costs of liberalizing subsidies and trade barriers https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparative-static-estimates-of-economic-welfare-y6kpvm0a.png Table 3: Comparative static estimates of economic welfare gains from a 50 per cent multilateral liberalization of goods and services trade (optimistic Doha Round) and from the proposed FTAA https://scispace.com/papers/subsidy-incidence-in-factor-markets-an-experimental-approach-1tj76dj9pp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-induced-aggregate-market-supply-and-demand-and-1fywm2qy.png Figure 1. Induced Aggregate Market Supply and Demand (and revised demand) for Four Buyers and Four Sellers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-predicted-equilibrium-and-observed-relative-1vqk8xxg.png Figure 4. Predicted Equilibrium and Observed Relative Earnings (seller earnings less buyer earnings) per Period by Treatment for Student and Professional Subjects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-predicted-equilibria-and-observed-number-of-trades-3gwiwbxo.png Figure 3. Predicted Equilibria and Observed Number of Trades per Period by Treatment for Student and Professional Subjects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predicted-equilibria-and-observed-average-market-2uhmc85z.png Figure 2. Predicted Equilibria and Observed Average Market Prices (tokens) per Trading Period by Treatment for Student and Professional Subjects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-predicted-equilibria-and-observed-total-earnings-3tbt2prh.png Figure 5. Predicted Equilibria and Observed Total Earnings (tokens) per Period by Treatment for Student and Professional Subjects https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-base-no-subsidy-asymptotes-b0-and-1d1maqdz.png Table 3. Estimated Base, No Subsidy Asymptotes (B0), and Treatment Adjustment Coefficients (aj) (standard errors) for Market Outcomes by Subject Group https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unit-buyer-redemption-value-rv-buyer-per-unit-3k9zwwzx.png Table 2. Unit Buyer Redemption Value (RV), Buyer Per-Unit Subsidy, and Seller Cost (Cost) Amounts (tokens) by Treatment https://scispace.com/papers/substance-misuse-in-patients-who-have-comorbid-chronic-pain-1uxdvhcbr5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-group-differences-in-patient-reported-substance-use-26pijy35.png Table 1: Group differences in patient-reported substance use in the 28 days prior to study inception and biochemical drug screen results at study inception. [Prescription medication was controlled in analyses of biochemical drug screen results.] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-changes-in-urine-drug-screen-results-between-study-3f6xn9d8.png Table 2: Changes in urine drug screen results between study inception and 5-year follow-up. https://scispace.com/papers/subspace-mixture-model-for-low-resource-speech-recognition-49aqjii7qn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dataset-statistics-and-monolingual-sgmm-models-2l9ktgmp.png Table 1. Dataset statistics and monolingual SGMM models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-model-parameters-sizes-between-sgmm-28h0xjvc.png Table 2. Comparison of model parameters sizes between SGMM and SMM. The number of substates is 4k. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustrations-for-a-cross-lingual-sgmm-and-b-smm-28w1ez68.png Figure 1: Illustrations for (a) cross-lingual SGMM and (b) SMM. The markers on the arrays in (b), i.e., a_1, a_2 and a_3, represent mixture weights for source languages. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-performance-of-sgmm-and-smm-on-3-hour-training-data-3jw2tuf5.png Figure 3. Performance of SGMM and SMM on 3 hour training data as the number of substates increases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-performance-of-sgmm-and-smm-on-1-2-hour-training-194ah3hb.png Figure 2. Performance of SGMM and SMM on 1.2 hour training data. Here “multi” means all the source languages are used and “w/o SP” means Spanish is excluded from the source languages. https://scispace.com/papers/substance-p-as-a-mediator-of-neurogenic-inflammation-after-7u8xisqzok 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-hematoxylin-and-eosin-staining-demonstrates-the-o2bmayex.png FIG. 3. Hematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrates the morphological changes in both the injury epicenter and adjacent injury from 5 h to 2 weeks post-SCI. Cross-section scale bar = 1 mm; high magnification scale bar = 100 lm. Color image is available online at www.liebertpub.com/neu https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-assessment-of-substance-p-sp-immunoreactivity-within-3jsosiaq.png FIG. 4. Assessment of substance P (SP) immunoreactivity within the dorsal horn and perivascular region after balloon compression spinal cord injury. (A) Ranking of SP immunoreactivity within the dorsal horn region of the spinal cord demonstrated a marked decrease within the injury epicenter at all time points post-injury (A, C). Ranking of SP immunoreactivity within the perivascular region (B, D) demonstrated a moderate decrease after injury. (E) Higher magnification images of SP within the dorsal horn region (scale bar = 200 lm). # denotes p< 0.05, ## denotes p < 0.01, ### denotes p< 0.001 when compared with sham (indicated by the dashed line). Scale bar = 1 mm (C), 25 lm (D). Color image is available online at www.liebertpub.com/neu https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-aqp4-immunoreactivity-after-balloon-compression-sci-t96uz4rs.png FIG. 8. AQP4 immunoreactivity after balloon compression SCI. AQP4 immunoreactivity within the perivascular (A, C) and central canal region (B, D) of the spinal cord post-injury. Note that images are within the immediately adjacent segments, because the injury epicenter was severely disrupted. Scale bar = 25 lm (C, D). Color image is available online at www.liebertpub.com/neu https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-microglial-immunoreactivity-after-balloon-compression-18eolmrb.png FIG. 7. Microglial immunoreactivity after balloon compression spinal cord injury (SCI). Representative images of microglial types observed were: (A) resting microglia with fine long processes (arrows); (B) small round phagocytic cells present within areas of severe hemorrhage; (C) activated microglia with short ramified processes; (D) fully activated microglia with very short ramified processes and amoeboid shape suggestive of phagocytic activity. Within the white matter (E), increased microglia are present within the injury epicenter and adjacent segments post-injury. Within the gray matter (F), increased small round microglia can be seen within the injury epicenter after injury. The adjacent segments demonstrate ramified microglia by 3 days post-SCI, which appear fully ramified by 2 weeks post-SCI. Scale bar = 200 lm (E), 50 lm (F). Color image is available online at www.liebertpub.com/neu https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-assessment-of-nk1-receptor-immunoreactivity-after-235llz9s.png FIG. 5. Assessment of NK1 receptor immunoreactivity after balloon compression spinal cord injury (SCI). NK1 receptor immunoreactivity initially increased within the gray matter of the injury epicenter and proximal adjacent segments (A, C); however by 3 days post-SCI, a reduction was observed that became significant by 2 weeks. Perivascular NK1 receptor immunoreactivity (B, D) demonstrated an initial increase within the proximal adjacent segments before returning to sham levels. # denotes p< 0.05, ## denotes p< 0.01, ### denotes p< 0.001 when compared with sham (indicated by the dashed line). Scale bar = 1 mm (C), 50 lm (D). Color image is available online at www.liebertpub.com/neu https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-evans-blue-eb-extravasation-was-measured-as-an-2qbm7j8f.png FIG. 1. (A) Evan’s Blue (EB) extravasation was measured as an indicator of blood-spinal cord-barrier permeability. (B) The percentage of spinal cord tissue water content was measured to determine the extent of edema development post-SCI. (C) Intrathecal pressure recorded at the injury epicenter in both sham and injured animals for a 5-h monitoring period. Sham levels indicated by the dashed line in (A) and (B). *denotes p < 0.05, **denotes p< 0.01, ***denotes p < 0.001 when compared with sham. # denotes p< 0.05, ## denotes p< 0.01, ### denotes p < 0.001. SCI, spinal cord injury. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-albumin-immunoreactivity-after-balloon-compression-sci-8sqrc9k4.png FIG. 6. Albumin immunoreactivity after balloon compression SCI. Assessment of albumin immunoreactivity using color deconvolution (A) demonstrated a significant increase at all time points post-injury within the injury epicenter (B). Further, significant increases were observed 10 mm rostral and caudal at both 5 and 24 h post-SCI. ** denotes p<0.01, *** denotes p<0.001 compared with sham (indicated by the dashed line). ### denotes p<0.001 between indicated groups. Scale bar=1 mm. Color image is available online at www.liebertpub.com/neu https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-motor-and-sensory-outcome-after-balloon-compression-3u2mls7d.png FIG. 2. Motor and sensory outcome after balloon compression spinal cord injury (SCI). (A) Motor function was assessed using the modified Tarlov score. (B) The frequency of observed hindlimb movement was also assessed, and while an increase in frequency was seen by day 14, this remained significantly reduced when compared with sham animals. (C) Sensory function deficits were assessed using the plantar prick test after injury in both the left and right hindlimbs. **denotes p < 0.01, ***denotes p< 0.001 when compared with sham. https://scispace.com/papers/substoichiometric-zirconia-thin-films-prepared-by-reactive-3aq3mcj1uk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-electric-potentials-of-the-same-source-as-in-1xdzfqht.png Figure 8: a) Electric potentials of the same source as in Figure 7, but with a slightly different shielding that includes a positively biased Ar deflection aperture to prevent Ar+ from hitting the substrate. b) The ion trajectories prove the function of the argon deflection potential. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-recorded-drain-current-at-the-target-black-curve-as-3b0eaibh.png Figure 2: Recorded drain current at the target (black curve), as well as the integrated curve (red), which was used as a measure for the thickness of the films. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-depositions-in-different-gas-atmospheres-on-cu-3lgnxtez.png Figure 5: Depositions in different gas atmospheres on Cu substrates. a) Chemical state depth profiles for depositions in 2 × 10−4 hPa Ar + 3 × 10−6 hPa O2 (left), 1.5 × 10−6 hPa O2 (center) and 3 × 10−6 hPa of H2 (right). The axes show only the region before the inflection point as shown in Figure 3 because the fits are unreliable for low Zr concentrations. b) Exemplary XP spectra of the surface (top panels) and at the depths indicated by the arrows in a) show different suboxide configurations within the film. The color-coding in b) is the same as in a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-electric-potentials-of-an-alternative-sputter-g1gf39qo.png Figure 7: Electric potentials of an alternative sputter source geometry. A cylindrical grid leads to an increased volume where the electron impact ionization of Ar can take place. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-exemplary-a-xp-survey-spectrum-surface-and-b-depth-9kfm2kia.png Figure 3: Exemplary a) XP survey spectrum (surface) and b) depth profile of a thin film prepared by reactive sputtering in an Ar/O2 mixture (1.3 % oxygen). The solid curves are sigmoidal fits of the Zr and Si concentrations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-chemical-state-profiles-on-si-substrates-at-mwoos6b5.png Figure 6: a) Chemical state profiles on Si substrates at different deposition temperatures. b) Exemplary XP spectra at the surface and the point marked by an arrow in a), analogous to Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-film-thickness-shows-a-linear-behavior-as-a-1748cecn.png Figure 4: The Film thickness shows a linear behavior as a function of the integrated target drain current. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-geometry-of-our-sputter-source-adapted-from-2hvdfi8l.png Figure 1: a) The geometry of our sputter source (adapted from Ref. [55]). b) Finite element simulation of the electric potentials at the sputter source head. For the sake of simplicity, the geometry of the source was approximated by a radially symmetric system. The iso-potential lines show the regions where the electrons have above 16 and 60 eV. c) The trajactories of Ar+ ions that are formed in the volume shown in b). d) Electric configuration of the source. To log the sputter current, an RS232-to-Bluetooth converter was employed. https://scispace.com/papers/substrate-curvature-measurement-system-51tuo6vvrb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mt3tm8fd.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-apparatus-for-wafer-curvature-2m4udvoe.png Figure 1: Schematic of apparatus for wafer curvature measurements (25 - 500°C)6 • https://scispace.com/figures/figure-44-in-this-graph-the-combination-of-the-horizontal-3b6mwxub.png Figure 44: In this graph the combination of the horizontal and vertical scans, together with the relevant PSD displacement is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-30-flow-diagram-for-the-horizontal-movement-of-the-14yc9t60.png Figure 30: Flow diagram for the horizontal movement of the PSD via the horizontal stage and motor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-diagram-of-the-chamber-showing-provision-for-the-bmlptlbr.png Figure 12: Diagram of the chamber showing provision for the vacuum system, the clearance for the quartz glass lid and the mounting position of the optical system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-chamber-is-mounted-onto-the-multiport-flange-2juliitw.png Figure 13: The chamber is mounted onto the multiport flange, which has electrical feed throughs for the heating coils. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-the-diagram-shows-the-labview-sequence-of-commands-wy7pqedk.png Figure 25: The diagram shows the LabView sequence of commands send to the MotionMaster 2000 motion controller to set the start position to co-ordinates (0, 0, 0). The switch on the front panel shown in Figure 24, provides the option of defining the present co-ordinates to be defined as the origin. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-39-this-graph-shows-the-actual-position-of-the-motor-3r2rlo17.png Figure 39: This graph shows the actual position of the motor, and how it hunts to find the exact position in relation to the PSD error voltage. It can be seen particularly clearly for the x-stage, that the motor moves to correct the error voltage. https://scispace.com/papers/substitution-and-price-elasticity-estimates-using-inter-4uf8n14sr5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-range-of-variation-in-price-indices-over-the-period-tsl3h3kp.png Table 2. Range of variation in price indices over the period 1980–1993 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-price-elasticities-iron-and-steel-33uz4i8d.png Table 10. Price elasticities, iron and steel https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-long-run-energy-price-elasticity-across-studies-1zblvp6p.png Table 11. Long-run energy price elasticity across studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameter-estimates-3l3neg49.png Table 3. Parameter estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-allen-elasticities-aggregate-manufacturing-2urfzw78.png Table 7. Allen elasticities, aggregate manufacturing https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-price-elasticities-aggregate-manufacturing-sa3pfv6j.png Table 8. Price elasticities, aggregate manufacturing https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-allen-elasticities-iron-and-steel-35n54qc2.png Table 9. Allen elasticities, iron and steel https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-pair-wise-weak-separability-tests-3p2rhaj9.png Table 16. Pair-wise weak separability tests https://scispace.com/papers/substrate-integrated-waveguide-band-pass-filters-with-1l4jyy07ak 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scattering-parameters-of-asymmetric-iris-fig-1a-h-12grkifs.png Figure 3 Scattering parameters of asymmetric iris (Fig. 1a), H-plane stub (Fig. 1b), and shorted T-junction (Fig. 1c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-layout-and-frequency-response-of-an-x-band-siw-1sa78skx.png Figure 6 Layout and frequency response of an X-band SIW filter with two shorted T-junction inverters. (a) Layout with dimensions in mm (actual number of via holes according to the inset in Fig. 6b); (b) frequency response including comparison between HFSS, CST, and measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-siw-impedance-inverters-with-square-via-holes-a-xuc0v3dj.png Figure 1 SIW impedance inverters with square via holes; (a) asymmetric iris, (b) H-plane stub, (c) shorted T-junction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-equivalent-circuit-model-of-the-structures-in-1b0g2pps.png Figure 2 Equivalent circuit model of the structures in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-transmission-parameters-for-design-of-in-line-2gel7prr.png Figure 4 Transmission parameters for design of in-line forthorder SIW filter (solid line), adding H-plane stub before the first iris for producing transmission zeros (dashed line), and supplementing the last iris window by adding a shorted T-junction (dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-layout-and-frequency-response-of-an-x-band-siw-kes9pffk.png Figure 5 Layout and frequency response of an X-band SIW filter with shorted T-junction inverter and H-plane stub. (a) Layout with dimensions in mm (actual number of via holes according to the inset in Fig. 5b); (b) frequency response including comparison between HFSS, CST, and measurements. https://scispace.com/papers/substrate-orientation-and-alloy-composition-effects-in-n-hgbtudiqol 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-net-gain-for-the-111-oriented-d-valley-system-in-fig-3-1d2g9208.png Fig. 4. Net gain for the (111) oriented Δ valley system in Fig. 3, for transition linewidths of 1.5 and 2.0 meV. Waveguide losses were calculated for a 15 µm thick active region with a double metal waveguide. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-seven-well-bound-to-continuum-qcl-using-d-valley-2r1n5tcd.png Fig. 3. A seven-well bound-to-continuum QCL using Δ valley transitions in the (111) orientation, with an applied electric field of 7 kVcm−1. The lower laser level is shown in bold, and the lasing transition to the miniband is shown with an arrow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-quantisation-effective-mass-is-identical-for-all-d-bz2uv6yu.png Fig. 2. The quantisation effective mass is identical for all Δ valleys (green) in the (111) orientation, while the L valley (red) masses vary. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-quantisation-effective-mass-is-identical-for-all-l-2kdw3whk.png Fig. 1. The quantisation effective mass is identical for all L valleys (red) in the (001) orientation, while the Δ valley (green) masses vary. https://scispace.com/papers/subsurface-behavior-of-plutonium-and-americium-at-non-2f4dpu1ci8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-1-contaminant-release-events-site-features-and-f87jgnrp.png Table 9.1. Contaminant Release Events, Site Features and Processes, and Far-Field Impacts Relevant to Pu Migration at the Reviewed Sites https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-plutonium-and-americium-concentrations-in-the-39ov7z5o.png Table 5.1. Plutonium and Americium Concentrations in the Vadose Zone(a) https://scispace.com/papers/substrate-dependent-bacterivory-by-intertidal-benthic-125ab4bdyq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-copepod-mortality-percentage-1-sd-n-4-in-the-sub-2z72uztf.png Table 1 Copepod mortality percentage (±1 SD, n = 4) in the sub strate experiment and in the time-series experiment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-substrate-dependent-assimilation-of-bacterial-carbon-3e5z3bub.png Fig. 1 Substrate-dependent assimilation of bacterial carbon (mean ± 1 SD, n = 4) by Platychelipus and Microarthridion after 4 days of grazing on a bacterial mixture without a primary substrate (treatment B) and in the presence of diatoms (treatment BD), sediment (treatment BS) and the combination diatoms + sediment (treatment BDS). Assimilation of bacterial carbon is expressed as (a) specific uptake A<513C and (b) total uptake of bacterial carbon per unit copepod carbon https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fatty-acid-composition-pg-ind-1-of-the-copepods-3elifuy8.png Fig. 5 Fatty acid composition (pg ind-1) of the copepods Platyche lipus, Nannopus and Delavalia after grazing during 4 days (T4) and 9 days (T9) on bacteria without an additional substrate present https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-total-fatty-acid-content-fa-of-copepods-from-the-ixezqjex.png Table 2 Total fatty acid content (FA) of copepods from the substrate experiment and time-series experiment, before (control) and after grazing (treatments B, BD, BS, BDS) in comparison with their initial fatty acid content (control) before grazing (%) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-principal-coordinate-pco-analysis-of-platychelipus-p-seircxk1.png Fig. 4 Principal coordinate (PCO) analysis of Platychelipus (P), Nannopus (N) and Delavalia (D) based on their natural relative fatty acid composition (asterisk) and composition after experimental grazing during 4 days (circle) and 9 days (inverted triangle) (filled symbol—grazing on bacteria; open symbol—grazing on bacteria and diatoms). Changes in copepod FA profiles after feeding on bacteria and diatoms are encircled by dotted and broken lines, respectively. The vectors represent individual fatty acids with a Spearman rank correlations of >50% to one of the first two PCO axes https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-from-threeway-anova-with-the-factors-copepod-36t84kzn.png Table 3 Results from threeway ANOVA with the factors copepod species ('cop'), substrate ('sub') and time ('time') https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-assimilation-of-bacterial-carbon-mean-1-sd-n-3-by-1tadgsee.png Fig. 2 Assimilation of bacterial carbon (mean ± 1 SD, n = 3) by Platychelipus, Nannopus and Delavalia after 4 days (T4) and 9 days feeding (T9), in the absence of a substrate (treatment B) and in the presence of a diatom substrate (treatment BD). Assimilation is expressed as (a) specific uptake A<513C and (b) total uptake of bacterial carbon per unit copepod carbon https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-from-one-factor-permanova-analysis-pairwise-39xe65oh.png Table 4 Results from one-factor PERMANOVA analysis: pairwise tests of copepod species at T0 for differences in natural fatty acid composition, based on the Bray-Curtis resemblance matrix https://scispace.com/papers/subsurface-cracks-under-conditions-of-slip-stick-and-mqzkfudcx1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-effect-of-crack-length-l-a-on-the-range-of-stress-3ms3ug0a.png Fig. 8 Effect of crack length L/a on the range of stress intensity factors K// for various coefficients of friction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-maximum-and-minimum-values-of-stress-intensity-factors-1vytpw8u.png Fig. 6 Maximum and minimum values of stress intensity factors at B https://scispace.com/papers/subsynaptic-positioning-of-ampars-by-lrrtm2-controls-1yaosmtj6x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-no-rapid-loss-of-ampars-following-removal-of-the-key6ry0s.png Fig. 2 No rapid loss of AMPARs following removal of the LRRTM2 extracellular domain. (A) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-lrrtm2-is-critical-for-ampar-enrichment-across-from-1hb88r26.png Fig. 4 LRRTM2 is critical for AMPAR enrichment across from preferential sites of evoked neurotransmitter release. (A) Schematic demonstrating the measurement of AMPAR localization density https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-numerical-model-to-predict-the-effects-of-lrrtm2-loss-26wkxeaq.png Fig. 5 Numerical model to predict the effects of LRRTM2 loss on synapse function. (A) Example of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-acute-and-specific-cleavage-of-the-lrrtm2-fyocddeu.png Fig. 1 Acute and specific cleavage of the LRRTM2 extracellular domain. (A) Schematic demonstrating the juxtamembrane insertion of the thrombin recognition sequence (38) and the N-terminal GFP* denotes co-packaging of an shRNA (33) that targets endogenous LRRTM2 expressed in the same vector as GFPThr-LRRTM2. (B) Expression of GFP-Thr-LRRTM2* in cultured hippocampal neurons and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-lrrtm2-is-critical-for-basal-strength-of-evoked-but-2v88phm6.png Fig. 6 LRRTM2 is critical for basal strength of evoked but not spontaneous transmission. (A) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-lrrtm2-is-enriched-within-the-trans-synaptic-39ii73ek.png Fig. 3 LRRTM2 is enriched within the trans-synaptic nanocolumn. (A) Schematic demonstrating the trans-synaptic nanoscale organization of LRRTM2 relative to RIM and PSD-95. (B) Left, 3D dSTORM https://scispace.com/papers/subsurface-nanodomains-with-in-plane-polarization-in-5dnb4dbcp8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-equilibrium-length-a-width-b-and-depth-c-1wtqwsuq.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Equilibrium length (a), width (b), and depth (c) of a subsurface 180◦ domain in LiTaO3 calculated as a function of tip voltage. Conducting tips with radii of curvature indicated on the plot are assumed to be in direct contact with the crystal surface surrounded by air. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-equilibrium-length-a-width-b-and-depth-c-21d92mlt.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Equilibrium length (a), width (b), and depth (c) of a subsurface 180◦ domain in LiNbO3 calculated as a function of voltage applied between the SFM tip and the bottom electrode. Conducting tips with radii of curvature indicated on the plot are assumed to be in direct contact with the crystal surface surrounded by air. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematic-depiction-of-a-subsurface-180-2b4im1x8.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Schematic depiction of a subsurface 180◦ domain forming in a uniaxial ferroelectric subjected to an inhomogeneous electric field of a biased SFM tip applied to the surface parallel to the polar axis. (a) Overall view of the sample transverse section by the plane orthogonal to the crystal surface and parallel to the polarization direction (axis x). (b) Enlarged view of the domain cross section in the plane x = L/2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-electric-field-created-by-the-sfm-tip-in-3hxwws14.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Electric field created by the SFM tip in the direction parallel to the surface. The field intensity Etipx is normalized by the quantity E0 = λ/[2πε0(εext +√εxεz)h]. Panel (a) shows Etipx at y = z = 0 as a function of x/h, panel (b) displays Etipx at x = h, z = 0 as a function of y/h, and panel (c) shows Etipx at x = h, y = 0 as a function of z/h (all calculated at H = 104h and εx = εy = εz). https://scispace.com/papers/subsystem-fault-tolerance-with-the-bacon-shor-code-3ncsxki3bh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-a-circuit-for-measuring-the-operator-xj-kxj-1-k-156u94rw.png FIG. 2. (a) A circuit for measuring the operator Xj;kXj 1;k using one ancillary qubit. (b) A similar circuit for measuring Zk;jZk;j 1. j i / j0i j1i is the 1 eigenstate of X. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-qubits-in-the-c-n-bs-block-sit-on-the-dlmf10zc.png FIG. 1 (color online). Qubits in the C n BS block sit on the vertices of an n n square lattice. An element of the code stabilizer, the operator X2; X3; applies X on all qubits in the second and third rows. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-rigorous-lower-bounds-on-the-accuracy-threshold-0-2bifoqsb.png TABLE I. Rigorous lower bounds on the accuracy threshold, "0, for adversarial stochastic noise with the concatenated BaconShor code of varying block size and comparison with prior rigorous lower bounds using the concatenated Steane [[7,1,3]] code [3] and Golay [[23,1,7]] code [16]. The third column gives the number of locations in the CNOT extended rectangle [3]. The forth column gives exact lower bounds on "0; the results are obtained using a computer-assisted combinatorial analysis. The fifth column is the Monte Carlo estimate for "0 with 1 uncertainties. https://scispace.com/papers/subthreshold-optical-parametric-oscillator-with-546kmw3qm4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-frequency-band-structures-corresponding-to-the-th-llqqk5iy.png FIG. 8. Frequency band structures corresponding to the th dimensional spectra shown in Fig. 6. We have plotted Re(u res) versus the rotator anglef for different values oft. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-generalized-one-output-mirror-cavity-a-mirrorm-is-put-8rmb088b.png FIG. 7. Generalized one-output-mirror cavity. A mirrorM is put in front of a bulk materialB. The sets of annihilation field operator inside and outside the cavity are written asR ,aL and aout ,ain , respectively. AnalogouslyF (G) represents the set of annihilatio input ~output! noise operators. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-emission-spectrumn-u-f-for-a-subthreshold-opo-5t9xsq2j.png FIG. 6. Emission spectrumN̄(u,f) for a subthreshold OPO calculated forG51.01, R50.2, and different values oft. ~a! For a cavity with orthogonal modes (t51) we have the periodic behavior characteristic of the spectrum of a Fabry-Pe´rot cavity, but only so forf50 and f5p/2. For other values of two resonant peaks for free spectral range appear.~b! and ~c! For a cavity with nonorthogonal modes (t ,1), N̄(u,f) decreases with respect to thet51 case but the doubling of the resonant peak remains. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-frequency-band-structures-of-an-opo-in-a-cavity-w-qura408p.png FIG. 11. Frequency band structures of an OPO in a cavity w nonorthogonal eigenmodes. The cavity ‘‘length’’u5vL/c is plotted versus the rotator anglef for several values of the absorbe parametert. The values of the other parameters areG5A2, R 50.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-illustrating-the-bifurcation-appearing-around-a-sin-34s60zjn.png FIG. 10. Illustrating the bifurcation appearing around a sin resonant peak in the OPO spectrum in a Fabry-Pe´rot cavity with orthogonal eigenmodes (f50 andt51). When increasing the mirror reflectivity R the system approaches the threshold of oscillat for smaller values ofG. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-illustrating-the-doubling-mechanism-for-an-opo-in-2pf8wtld.png FIG. 9. Illustrating the doubling mechanism for an OPO in cavity with orthogonal eigenmodes (t51) and mirror reflectivity R50.5. For increasing values ofG the gap between bands is als increasing. Higher values ofG are not considered here because o model is limited by the nondepleted pump approximation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-plot-of-the-total-average-photon-numbern-na1nb-of-the-2b0lgq40.png FIG. 4. Plot of the total average photon numberN̄[n̄a1n̄b of the subthreshold OPO, calculated at resonance, as a function o absorber transmissiont and of the rotator anglef. The values of the other parameters are:G51.01, R50.2. For t50 and f50 the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-plot-of-the-average-numberna-of-photons-emitted-on-1cf1z8s1.png FIG. 3. ~a! Plot of the average numbern̄a of photons emitted on modea for a subthreshold OPO at resonance as a function of rotator anglef and the absorber parametert. The values of the other parameters areG51.01, R50.2. Fort50 andf50 the pho- https://scispace.com/papers/subtle-changes-in-crosslinking-drive-diverse-anomalous-1xdp6ikik3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-multiple-transport-metrics-highlight-the-degree-to-18p0iyzz.png Figure 6. Multiple transport metrics highlight the degree to which crosslinking motif drives deviations from normal Brownian motion in composite cytoskeleton networks. Using the same color scheme as in previous figures, we show how the type of crosslinking, or lack thereof (black), influences subdiffusion (𝛼), spatiotemporal heterogeneity (𝛾, Ω, 𝛽𝑁𝐺), and ergodicity (𝐸𝐵, 𝐶) across complementary, independent measurement techniques (SPT, DDM). A greater distance from the center (in the direction of the arrows) represents a greater deviation from normal Brownian diffusion. Each metric is scaled separately. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-crosslinking-of-cytoskeleton-networks-leads-to-3r6l87qn.png Figure 2. Crosslinking of cytoskeleton networks leads to multi-phase particle transport with more subdiffusive behavior at long times. (A) Mean-squared displacement (MSD) plotted as a function of lag time (Δ𝑡) for each condition specified in the legend. (B) MSD scaled by lag time (MSD/𝛥𝑡) versus lag time (𝛥𝑡) for each condition. Pink and black lines are power-laws with scaling exponents (1– 𝛼) determined from fits to the A-M and None curves, respectively, for 𝛥𝑡 = 0.2 – 3 s and 𝛥𝑡 = 3 – 100 s. Steeper negative slopes indicate more subdiffusive transport. (C) Anomalous scaling exponents α from power-law fits of the MSDs. Open squares show the initial fitting region (0.2–3 s) and closed squares represent the long-time (3–100 s) fits. Error bars are the standard error calculated from four random subsets of data for each condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-metrics-from-both-spt-and-ddm-show-that-2dqr5h8n.png Figure 5. Metrics from both SPT and DDM show that crosslinking increases the nonGaussianity and non-ergodicity of particle transport. (A) Non-Gaussianity parameter, 𝛽𝑁𝐺(Δ𝑡), as function of time for each crosslinking type. Inset: Time-average of 𝛽𝑁𝐺. (B) Black, left axis: Time-average of the ergodicity breaking term 𝐸𝐵 as measured from SPT. Gray, right axis: Non-ergodicity parameter C as measured at wave vector 𝑞 = 2.46 µm−1. Error bars represent the standard error calculated from the separate videos taken for each sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-van-hove-distributions-reveal-non-gaussian-1t80tdzo.png Figure 3. van Hove distributions reveal non-Gaussian, heterogeneous particle transport in all networks. (A) van Hove distributions (𝐺(Δ𝑥, Δ𝑡)) for microspheres in composite networks without crosslinkers (None; black), with actin-actin crosslinking (A-A; green), microtubulemicrotubule crosslinking (M-M; red), actin-actin and microtubule-microtubule crosslinking (AA/M-M; blue), and actin-microtubule crosslinking (A-M; magenta) on a semi-log scale. Shown are the distributions for 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 20, 50, and 100 seconds. The displacement distributions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-approach-to-examine-the-impact-of-1cut798l.png Figure 1. Experimental approach to examine the impact of crosslinking on anomalous transport in cytoskeleton networks. (A) Schematic of the different crosslinking motifs created in actin-microtubule networks: no crosslinkers (None), actin crosslinked to actin (A-A), microtubules crosslinked to microtubules (M-M), both actin-actin and microtubule-microtubule crosslinking (A-A/M-M), and actin crosslinked to microtubules (A-M). Biotinylated actin filaments and/or microtubules are crosslinked with NeutrAvidin to achieve the different motifs. (B) Videos of diffusing 1 μm fluorescent microspheres are collected and analyzed using singleparticle tracking (SPT) (C) and differential dynamic microscopy (DDM) (D). (C) For SPT, the mean squared displacement (MSD) is plotted versus lag time (𝛥𝑡) and fit to the power-law function MSD ∝ (∆𝑡)𝛼 that describes anomalous diffusion. (D) For DDM, intermediate scattering functions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ddm-analysis-reveals-heterogenous-non-ergodic-alzeap1h.png Figure 4. DDM analysis reveals heterogenous, non-ergodic transport amplified in crosslinked networks. (A) Intermediate scattering functions (ISF) are fit to a stretched exponential with a nonergodicity component, as described in Methods. The fits to the ISFs for each condition are plotted in bright green. The height of the long-time plateau reflects the nonergodicity of the transport. (B) DDM analysis shows increased local heterogeneity in crosslinked networks through decreasing stretching exponents (𝛾). The stretching exponent (𝛾) from the intermediate scattering functions for each condition is plotted. A stretching exponent less than 1 indicates the presence of heterogeneous crowded media. Error bars are the standard error calculated from the different videos taken for each sample. https://scispace.com/papers/success-belongs-to-the-flexible-firm-how-labor-flexibility-1mnib7w2ab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-and-correlation-matrix-n-3085-1vh63vq4.png TABLE 1 Descriptive Statistics and Correlation Matrix (n=3,085) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-predictive-margins-of-downsizing-on-innovation-987h229v.png Figure 1 Predictive Margins of Downsizing on Innovation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-endogeneity-tests-for-downsizing-and-innovation-3pq7cki0.png TABLE 4 Endogeneity Tests for Downsizing and Innovation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-robustness-checks-effect-of-downsizing-and-the-3s0h3eq1.png Table 3 Robustness Checks: Effect of Downsizing and the Interaction Effect between Downsizing and Labour Flexibility on Innovation (n = 2,988) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-predictive-margins-of-wage-and-reward-flexibility-2ew1b00r.png Figure 4 Predictive Margins of Wage and Reward Flexibility on Innovation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-predictive-margins-of-downsizing-with-functional-327371xb.png Figure 3 Predictive Margins of Downsizing with Functional Flexibility https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-poisson-regression-models-effect-of-downsizing-and-1xc8wwb7.png Table 2 Poisson Regression Models: Effect of Downsizing and the Interaction Effect between Downsizing and Labour Flexibility on Innovation (n = 2,988) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predictive-margins-of-downsizing-with-numerical-33c5x0qx.png Figure 2 Predictive Margins of Downsizing with Numerical Flexibility https://scispace.com/papers/suburbanisation-and-international-immigration-the-case-of-1s5tc8rtd8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-emigration-rates-by-age-nationality-and-18uke3yx.png Figure 4. Emigration rates by age, nationality and municipality of residence, grouped by distance to Barcelona, 2005 to 2008 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proportion-of-foreigners-in-the-rmb-municipalities-1ozf9kug.png Figure 1. Proportion of foreigners in the RMB municipalities, 1998 and 2009. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-changes-in-the-proportion-of-foreigners-in-the-rmb-1uz06jak.png Figure 3. Changes in the proportion of foreigners in the RMB municipalities by distance to Barcelona, 1998-2009 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-emigration-immigration-and-net-migration-rates-for-25oh60zf.png Table 5. Emigration, immigration and net migration rates for RMB municipalities by distance to Barcelona, 2005 to 2008 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-age-and-gender-structure-of-the-spanish-and-foreign-bfgwde8r.png Figure 6. Age and gender structure of the Spanish and foreign population living in the RMB in 1998 and 2009 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-index-of-dissimilarity-between-rmb-spaniards-and-2y7s19yh.png Table 4. Index of dissimilarity between RMB Spaniards and foreigners by continental origin, 1998-2004-2009. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-population-growth-rate-in-rmb-municipalities-1998-1ow3s0ti.png Figure 2. Population growth rate in RMB municipalities, 1998-2009 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-internal-net-migration-by-nationality-in-rmb-1z6t5ydx.png Table 6. Internal net migration by nationality in RMB municipalities grouped by distance to Barcelona, 1998-2008 https://scispace.com/papers/success-factors-in-cluster-initiative-management-mapping-out-1mz09dlblf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-ci-platform-model-assessment-items-and-platform-1q38alp5.png Table 3. The CI platform model: assessment items and platform requirements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-five-success-factors-for-cluster-initiative-12uvg4yg.png Table 1. The five success factors for cluster initiative management. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-success-factors-in-cluster-initiatives-26ysqxuw.png Figure 1. General success factors in cluster initiatives. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-presentation-of-studied-cases-19tzna90.png Table 2. Presentation of studied cases. https://scispace.com/papers/successful-application-of-a-commercial-cationic-surfactant-4ocb1agb6w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cyclic-voltammogram-of-a-carbon-bspcs-electrode-in-2w92l062.png Figure 7: Cyclic voltammogram of a carbon BSPCs electrode in 1 M H2SO4. Scan rate: 50 mV/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-composition-of-benzal-80-r-r-c12-40-c14-50-c16-10-lbzaz8bn.png Figure 1: Composition of Benzal 80®. R= C12 (40 %), C14 (50 %), C16 (10 %). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-nitrogen-adsorption-isotherms-of-bspcs-prepared-340o4ba7.png Figure 5: a) Nitrogen adsorption isotherms of BSPCs prepared with different R/B ratios. b) Pore size distribution obtained after application of BJH and NLDFT (inset) methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-specific-capacitance-of-bspcs-obtained-by-cyclic-2j1bzf0t.png Table 2: Specific capacitance of BSPCs obtained by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-schematic-representation-of-the-porous-resin-2ihzvkj1.png Figure 9: A schematic representation of the porous resin formation mechanism. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sem-images-obtained-by-scanning-electron-microscopy-qokwk7y5.png Figure 4: SEM images obtained by scanning electron microscopy of a-c) BSPC0.03; d-f) BSPC0.06; g-i) BSPC0.12 at different magnifications. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-impedance-plot-measured-from-1x104-to-2-8x10-3-hz-adtfygrl.png Figure 8: Impedance plot measured from 1×104 to 2.8×10-3 Hz of BSPCs. Measurement potential = 0.5 V vs Ag/AgCl. The insert shows the magnification of the high frequency range. https://scispace.com/papers/successful-exome-capture-and-sequencing-in-lemurs-using-3etwh1t2gs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coding-variants-identified-a-691-coding-variant-type-1fabwmui.png Table 1. Coding variants identified.a 691 Coding variant type Sifaka1 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-650-2elflv4v.png Figures 650 https://scispace.com/papers/successful-medical-management-of-an-epidural-abscess-in-a-1br3krj2kq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-follow-up-mri-performed-six-weeks-after-initial-3cb3k2iy.png Figure 3: Follow up MRI performed six weeks after initial diagnosis. Transverse T2-weighted (T2w) image at the level of mid C6 vertebral body demonstrating complete resolution of the epidural lesion (A); and midsagittal short tau inversion recovery (STIR) (B), T1-weighted (T1w) (C) and T1w post-contrast (D) images illustrating the observed discospondylitis. Note the C6/7 endplates appear hyperintense on STIR, hypointense on T1w and markedly enhancing on T1w post-contrast images. Note the narrowing of the intervertebral disc space with focal STIR hyperintensity of the disc mildly extending into the endplates. https://scispace.com/papers/successful-pacing-profiles-of-olympic-and-iaaf-world-or3ntazhom 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-mean-sd-100-m-segment-speed-expressed-as-a-yxnbl7ig.png Figure 3: The mean (+ SD) 100-m segment speed expressed as a percentage of mean speed for men and women in each event. https://scispace.com/papers/successful-strategy-to-improve-the-specificity-of-electronic-5fwra3iy89 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-correlation-of-maximum-recommended-therapeutic-doses-3t5h3slw.png Fig. 1 Correlation of maximum recommended therapeutic doses derived from published clinical trials (MRTDDDI) and summary of product characteristics (MRTDDDI_SPC). Fourteen statin–drug combinations are shown. MRTDDDI_SPC Maximum recommended therapeutic dose for specific drug–drug interactions (DDI) compiled in the summary of product characteristics (SPC), solid line line of identity, CsA cyclosporine https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pharmacokinetic-interaction-studies-reporting-1uqg8lre.png Table 1 Pharmacokinetic interaction studies reporting significant changes in statin area under the curve (AUC). Listed are all statin–drug combinations and corresponding fDDI values for which in at least one statin a dosage modification was required https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-flowchart-showing-the-classification-of-appropriate-29jwu7rv.png Fig. 3 Flowchart showing the classification of appropriate and inappropriate statin–drug interaction alerts after consideration of dosage information provided in the summary of product characteristics and in published clinical trials https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-electronically-prescribed-statin-drug-pairs-expected-5kwodjby.png Table 2 Electronically prescribed statin–drug pairs expected to cause a pharmacokinetic DDI representing a moderate or major risk to the patient (n=73) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-extent-of-statin-overdoses-indicated-by-the-ratio-36axon1k.png Fig. 2 Extent of statin overdoses indicated by the ratio between prescribed daily doses and MRTDDDI values for specific statin–drug combinations triggering a drug interaction alert. Each diamond indicates an electronically prescribed statin (as part of a combination therapy) (n=73). MRTDDDI values are set to 1 (solid line). Diamonds in the dashed area below the solid line indicate that the corresponding drug interaction alert was classified as inappropriate because prescribed daily doses/MRTDDDI were <1 https://scispace.com/papers/successional-patterns-of-trace-metals-and-microorganisms-in-1gdce3sujm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relationships-between-molar-concentrations-of-22r14fhh.png Figure 6. Relationships between molar concentrations of particulate copper (a), vanadium (b), yttrium (c) and tin (d) to iron. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-shannon-wiener-index-values-for-microorganisms-in-1tita11q.png Figure 11. Shannon–Wiener index values for microorganisms in each plume sample taken. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-mean-shannon-wiener-diversity-index-for-2nsjf5ob.png Figure 10. Mean Shannon–Wiener diversity index for microorganisms in each biotope. Error bars represent±SE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-non-metric-multidimensional-scaling-plot-of-the-280y7ev6.png Figure 9. Non-metric multidimensional scaling plot of the microbial community composition of all water column samples based on Operational Taxonomic units. Plume and below-plume depths from Station 13 were excluded. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-primers-used-for-sequencing-1pitxn9q.png Table 2. Primers used for sequencing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relationship-between-in-situ-measured-turbidity-and-6f37429d.png Figure 5. Relationship between in situ measured turbidity and molar concentration of particulate iron. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-non-metric-multidimensional-scaling-plot-of-the-gi4e40yr.png Figure 8. Non-metric multidimensional scaling plot of the microbial community composition of all samples based on Operational Taxonomic units. Similarity groupings are based on group average clustering. “No plume” is representative of samples collected from station 13, where there was no indication of a plume. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geographical-location-inset-and-bathymetric-map-of-16i3hpri.png Figure 1. Geographical location (inset) and bathymetric map of the Rainbow study site on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (from the European Marine Observations and Data Network, EMOD, database), with sampling locations depicted. https://scispace.com/papers/succinct-suffix-arrays-based-on-run-length-encoding-2vchi516jb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-space-counting-time-and-restrictions-2btf0oyx.png Table 1: Comparison of space, counting time, and restrictions on the alphabet size for the existing self-indexes. We show the contributions ordered by the time when they first appeared. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fm-index-algorithm-for-counting-the-number-of-3i0nvld0.png Figure 1: FM-index algorithm for counting the number of occurrences of P [1,m] in T [1, n]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-locating-performance-versus-space-1obndlca.png Figure 5: Comparison of locating performance versus space requirement, for m = 5. We show the time per occurrence, not per pattern as in the rest of the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-our-self-index-implementations-against-suffix-array-2y44rvn0.png Figure 6: Our self-index implementations against suffix array, compact suffix array and sequential search. We show counting times on the left and locating times on the right (with self indexes taking around 1.6 times the text size). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fm-index-algorithm-for-locating-the-occurrence-a-i-2kbbkopc.png Figure 2: FM-index algorithm for locating the occurrence A[i] in T . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sizes-of-the-indexes-tested-under-different-settings-1k25dosw.png Table 2: Sizes of the indexes tested under different settings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-times-for-locating-the-pattern-occurrences-on-the-1n3dkyo5.png Figure 4: Times for locating the pattern occurrences. On the left, under the same sample rate setting. On the right, all indexes using about the same space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-query-times-for-counting-the-number-of-occurrences-2l2z95do.png Figure 3: Query times for counting the number of occurrences. On the left, time versus m. On the right, time versus space for m = 30. https://scispace.com/papers/suction-of-hydrosoluble-polymers-into-nanopores-1kehh215ev 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plot-of-ln-1-robs-1-against-the-permeate-flux-jv-for-32imp6z2.png Fig. 5 Plot of ln(1/Robs 1) against the permeate flux (Jv) for ultrafiltration tests performed with membrane model TEM_0.05 (l ¼ 1.2) at dimensionless PEO concentration c /c* equal to 0.14 and 0.41. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-bulk-mass-transfer-coefficient-of-peo-chains-km-3v96w3iq.png Fig. 6 Bulk mass transfer coefficient of PEO chains (km) against the permeate flux (Jv): experimental estimations (for cr/c * ¼ 0.14 and 0.41) and correlations of L evêque25 and De and Bhattacharya.26 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-observed-and-the-true-rejection-coefficients-robs-1zgbultd.png Fig. 7 The observed and the true rejection coefficients (Robs and R, respectively) against the dimensionless solvent flow rate per pore (qp/ (kBT/hs)) for membrane models TEM_0.05 and TEM_0.03, i.e. l ¼ 1.2 and 1.8, respectively. Long and Anderson’s8 data (such as l > 1) are also reported on the present graphic. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-between-the-threshold-model-solid-line-the-29os458y.png Fig. 8 Comparison between the threshold model (solid line), the suction model (dot line) and the experimental values of the true rejection coefficient (square: TEM_0.05, l ¼ 1.2; triangle: TEM_0.03, l ¼ 1.8; star: Long and Anderson’s8 data). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cumulative-pore-size-distribution-fr-of-membrane-35bqwuwj.png Fig. 1 Cumulative pore size distribution (Fr) of membrane models TEM_0.03 (dash line) and TEM_0.05 (dash-dot line) against the pore radius (rp) and cumulative molar mass distribution (W(M)) of PEO (solid line) against the hydrodynamic radius (rh). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-normalized-differential-molar-mass-distribution-of-the-39v2g7ak.png Fig. 2 Normalized differential molar mass distribution of the PEO (wn(M)) as a function of the molar mass (M). Before ultrafiltration (solid line), retentate (dash line) and permeate (dot line) for the set of operating parameter values, TMP ¼ 0.4 bar and cr/c* ¼ 0.41. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-observed-rejection-coefficient-robs-at-t-1-4-4-min-180urr3j.png Fig. 4 Observed rejection coefficient (Robs) at t ¼ 4 min against instantaneous permeate flux (Jv) at t ¼ 4 min for ultrafiltration tests performed with membrane model TEM_0.05 (l ¼ 1.2) at sets of operating parameters (TMP ¼ 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 2.0 bar; cr/c* ¼ 0.14) and (TMP ¼ 1.2 bar; cr/c * ¼ 0.07, 0.14, 0.28, 0.41). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-device-the-manometer-and-the-flowmeter-14si90li.png Fig. 3 Experimental device (the manometer and the flowmeter are denoted P and D, respectively). https://scispace.com/papers/sucrose-improves-insecticide-activity-against-drosophila-1lqbvawpdc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-number-of-dead-flies-meanth-se-of-the-20-female-19xolra4.png Fig. 1. Number of dead flies (meanþ SE) of the 20 female spotted wing drosophila exposed to dried residues of Entrust applied with or without 0.3% sucrose. Regression lines were fitted through data from 130–370 minutes following initial exposure (n¼ 5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dose-response-relationships-for-spotted-wing-2bsaqjhz.png Fig. 2. Dose–response relationships for spotted wing drosophila female flies exposed to acetamiprid applied with and without 0.3% sucrose. Spray droplets on a glass coverslip were allowed to dry before flies were exposed (n¼ 90 individuals per datum). Data marked with asterisks were excluded from the logit-transformed regression analysis estimating the LC50. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-effect-means-6se-for-insecticides-and-sucrose-1n2zyqre.png Table 2. Main effect means (6SE) for insecticides and sucrose combined with insecticides for percentage mortality of adult spotted wing drosophila, and rate effects for insecticides tested in the 2012 semifield study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mortality-mean6-se-for-groups-of-10-adult-spotted-wing-3ir6b5wu.png Fig. 3. Mortality (mean6 SE) for groups of 10 adult spotted wing drosophila held with grape foliage sprayed in the field with various insecticides 1–8 d earlier. Data have been averaged over three insecticide rates and three replicates (insecticides, n¼ 9; no-insecticide, n¼ 6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-lower-panel-average-6se-mortality-for-groups-of-10-263erc0z.png Fig. 6. Lower panel: Average (6SE) mortality for groups of 10 adult spotted wing drosophila (n¼ 3) held with blueberry foliage and fruit sprayed in the field with various insecticides 7 d earlier. Mortality of flies was recorded following 1, 3, and 7 d of exposure. Mortality data without and with sucrose are presented in paired sets of three bars for each insecticide, for which the statistical significance for a sucrose effect is indicated above the bar: *, **, and *** signify P< 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively (Fisher’s exact test for live and dead flies, with and without sucrose, totaled for the three replicates). Upper panel: the number of larvae infesting the fruit following 7 d of exposure, one bar for each insecticide sucrose treatment combination. Bars with the same letter do not significantly differ (Tukey’s HSD, P¼ 0.05). (A) Blueberry shoots held in a greenhouse and protected from rainfall, (B) blueberry shoots exposed in the field to rainfall. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-lower-panel-average-6se-mortality-for-groups-of-10-3evjbcs6.png Fig. 4. Lower panel: average (6SE) mortality for groups of 10 adult spotted wing drosophila (n¼ 5) held with blueberry foliage and fruit sprayed in the field with various insecticides 1 d earlier. Mortality of flies was recorded following 1, 3, and 7 d of exposure. Mortality data without and with sucrose are presented in paired sets of three bars for each insecticide, for which the statistical significance for a sucrose effect is indicated above the bar: *, **, and *** signify P< 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively (Fisher’s exact test for live and dead flies, with and without sucrose, totaled for the five replicates). Upper panel: the number of larvae infesting the fruit following 7 d of exposure, one bar for each insecticide sucrose treatment combination. Bars with the same letter do not significantly differ (Tukey’s HSD, P¼ 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-larvae-reared-from-470-ml-samples-of-h3c1y1ku.png Table 3. Number of larvae reared from 470 ml samples of ‘Bluecrop’ blueberries following various 4-wk spray programs; n¼4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-numbers-of-d-suzukii-flies-reared-from-day-neutral-2syachqb.png Fig. 7. Numbers of D. suzukii flies reared from day-neutral strawberry samples (46–172 g per sample) on six sampling dates in Geneva, NY, 2012. All insecticides sprays were applied weekly; the Brigade 2 weekly was sprayed twice per week; details for the spray programs are given within the text. Means separations are not given for the individual sample dates (bars) as there were significant treatment date interactions (n¼ 5). Averages for spray programs (filled circles) followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (Tukey HSD, P< 0.05, n¼ 30). https://scispace.com/papers/sudden-cardiac-death-rates-in-an-australian-population-a-26k8ahny04 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-probable-sudden-cardiac-death-cases-wlf1jlp3.png Figure 1 Number of probable sudden cardiac death cases identified by the four criteria. *grey shadow represents the proportion of cases that were identified by more than one criterion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-rates-of-sudden-cardiac-death-in-various-1vnjc743.png Table 3 Estimated rates of sudden cardiac death in various populations and the comparable WA rate 282 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-age-and-gender-specific-average-annual-rate-of-skuiuvo4.png Figure 2 Age- and gender- specific average annual rate of probable sudden cardiac death in Western Australia, from 1997 to 2010. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-criteria-for-probable-sudden-cardiac-death-2qmgwfkb.png Table 1 Criteria for probable sudden cardiac death identification 192 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percent-distribution-of-underlying-cause-of-death-20al0wse.png Table 2 Percent distribution of underlying cause of death among sudden cardiac death cases by broad 249  age-group 250 https://scispace.com/papers/sudden-unexpected-death-in-an-infant-with-l-2-1gpscc7pzc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-brain-histopathology-of-patient-1-a-section-of-1a47g36m.png Fig. 1 Brain histopathology of patient 1: a section of cerebral cortex and white matter showing subcortical spongiosis (arrow) and vascular congestion. No significant myelin loss. HE-LFB 20×. Insert Immunohistochemistry with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) revealing strong positive reaction of astrogliosis at the subcortical level. GFAP 20×. b Higher power level showing the numerous vacuoles (arrow) in the subcortical matter. HE 200×. c Section of cerebellum with marked spongiosis (arrow) within the dentate nucleus, no abnormality within the cerebellar folia. HE-LFB 40×. d High power of cerebellar white matter near the dentate nucleus showing marked vacuolation (arrow) within the myelin sheaths. HE-LFB 400×. Insert Immunohistochemistry with GFAP revealing the significant astrogliosis surrounding the vacuolated white matter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-brain-mri-of-patient-2-at-age-9-years-a-hyperintensity-22t8o75u.png Fig. 2 Brain MRI of patient 2 at age 9 years: a hyperintensity of the subcortical white matter (upper arrows) and dentate nuclei (lower arrow) in T2 ponderation; b slight signal alteration of the basal ganglia (arrow) in T2 ponderation https://scispace.com/papers/suffering-and-posttraumatic-growth-in-women-with-systemic-3or0uc19bc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-burden-of-suffering-and-somatic-parameters-of-three-3vwesnj9.png Table 1: Burden of suffering and somatic parameters of three SLE-patients https://scispace.com/papers/sufficient-criterion-for-guaranteeing-that-a-two-qubit-state-2jv66j293v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plot-of-the-achievable-range-of-eigenvalues-a-b-in-our-3p2anygt.png FIG. 2. Plot of the achievable range of eigenvalues (α′, β′) in our LHS model (for a fixed direction ŝ). The upper blue curve corresponds to the condition α′ = √ 2β′ − β′ and is achieved by the response functions (13); any point in the light blue area below may be achieved by taking a suitable convex combination of these functions (e.g. dashed line). Since we have α′ ≥ β′, the grey area is not of interest. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-alices-response-function-13-in-our-lhs-3the5woo.png FIG. 1. Illustration of Alice’s response function (13) in our LHS model. If sgn(ŝ · λ̂ − c(x̂)) ≥ 0 then a = +1 (shaded spherical cap, with angle θc = arccos[c]), otherwise a = −1. The assemblage (14) then corresponds to the average (sub-normalized) density matrix obtained by integrating pure qubit states |λ̂〉 over the shaded region. https://scispace.com/papers/sufficient-statistic-and-reduced-dimensionality-equivalent-4znssc1393 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-comparison-of-average-self-noise-mean-square-for-3v3614f2.png Figure 5: A comparison of average self-noise mean square for equalized and unequalized reduced dimensionality model for NT = 2, NR = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-comparison-of-average-self-noise-mean-square-for-2qokhyd6.png Figure 6: A comparison of average self-noise mean square for equalized and unequalized reduced dimensionality model for NT = 3, NR = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sufficient-statistic-for-a-frequency-flat-spatially-ybft2rie.png Figure 2: Sufficient statistic for a frequency flat spatially nonuniform delay channel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-comparison-of-average-self-noise-mean-square-for-3sko681p.png Figure 7: A comparison of average self-noise mean square for equalized and unequalized reduced dimensionality model for NT = 2, NR = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reduced-dimensionality-symbol-space-system-19xwk6qu.png Figure 3: Reduced dimensionality symbol space system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-of-the-22-mimo-channel-with-spatially-1dayv16a.png Figure 1: An example of the (2,2) MIMO channel with spatially nonuniform delay. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-vector-and-matrix-stacking-in-the-symbol-space-hzqvxodi.png Figure 4: Vector and matrix stacking in the symbol space equivalent model for Nq = 1. https://scispace.com/papers/suffrage-schooling-and-sorting-in-the-post-bellum-u-s-south-jsgxag9jnx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-spillover-general-equilibrium-effects-8phua60a.png Table 9: Spillover/General Equilibrium Effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effect-of-disenfranchisement-on-land-and-labor-2ho2mu2v.png Table 5: Effect of Disenfranchisement on Land and Labor https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-robustness-to-alternative-specifications-1uq1wtfl.png Table 6: Robustness To Alternative Specifications https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-robustness-to-alternative-samples-1sqyvo0l.png Table 7: Robustness To Alternative Samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-disenfranchisement-on-turnout-and-1d9a6acw.png Table 3:Effect of Disenfranchisement on Turnout and Political Competition https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1860-differences-among-early-and-late-3e002pxu.png Table 2: 1860 Differences Among Early and Late Disenfranchising States https://scispace.com/figures/table-4a-effect-of-disenfranchisement-on-black-teachers-1sk2pwbw.png Table 4a: Effect of Disenfranchisement on Black Teachers/Pupils https://scispace.com/figures/table-4b-effect-of-disenfranchisement-on-white-teachers-2ec8tczl.png Table 4a: Effect of Disenfranchisement on Black Teachers/Pupils https://scispace.com/papers/suffix-tree-based-approach-for-chinese-information-retrieval-7kid2y2kkj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-suffixes-and-suffix-arrays-after-sorting-3kc88b7e.png Table 2. Suffixes and suffix arrays after sorting https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-suffixes-and-suffix-arrays-before-sorting-9ff9aw4q.png Table 1. Suffixes and suffix arrays before sorting https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-test-results-on-trec-chinese-corpus-23d4ofvd.png Table 4. Test results on TREC Chinese corpus https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-nontrivial-classes-for-string-to-be-or-not-to-be-uino1a96.png Table 3. Nontrivial classes for string ”to be or not to be” https://scispace.com/papers/sugarcane-aphid-resistance-in-pearl-millet-1iqkiuia5o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-sugarcane-aphid-damage-score-on-pearl-io79c1wr.png Figure 2. Average sugarcane aphid damage score on pearl millet parental lines and germplasm based on 1 to 9 damage scale. Bars labeled with the same letter (upper or lowercase) were not significantly different. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-partial-view-of-the-pearl-millet-genotypes-and-the-2yrdodkd.png Figure 1. Partial view of the pearl millet genotypes and the resistant (sorghum-R) and susceptible sorghum (sorghum-S) checks infested with sugarcane aphid. The picture was taken on the day of final score. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-damage-score-of-pearl-millet-parental-lines-qvh5vkox.png Table 2. Average damage score of pearl millet parental lines and germplasm accessions to sugarcane infestation evaluated against a resistant and a susceptible sorghum hybrids https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-random-samples-and-sorghum-checks-used-for-the-2jjbmbz1.png Table 1. Random samples and sorghum checks used for the sugarcane aphid screening https://scispace.com/papers/suicidal-ideation-in-adolescence-examining-the-role-of-58ifhusyf8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-links-between-psychological-abuse-potential-eanohr41.png Figure 2. Links between Psychological Abuse, Potential Mediatiors, and Suicidal Ideation https://scispace.com/papers/suicidal-thoughts-and-behaviour-among-south-african-2j9uwsk6bm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-shows-partial-correlations-for-key-variables-for-the-1sm50b8c.png Table 2 shows partial correlations for key variables for the analyses, after controlling for covariates. Partial correlations between stigma, depression, perceived social support and suicidal thoughts and behaviour are in the expected direction and small to moderate in size (p < .001 for all associations). Support group attendance, instead, is not significantly correlated with any of the other key variables. In particular, the lack of a significant association between the MOS social support scale and participation in a support group, and the small effect size of the association (B = −0.027), indicate that these variables are distinct constructs likely measuring different functional dimensions of support. https://scispace.com/papers/suitability-of-sarawak-and-gladstone-fly-ash-to-produce-34e7x2xb6u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-particle-size-distribution-268-1ujjrb5v.png Table 4 Particle size distribution 268 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-particle-size-distribution-of-a-gfa-and-b-sfa-253xxd17.png Fig. 4. Particle size distribution of (a) GFA and (b) SFA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-physical-appearance-of-a-gfa-brownish-and-b-sfa-grey-z28ti2hs.png Fig. 1. Physical appearance of (a) GFA-brownish and (b) SFA-grey colour 124 From the geological point of view, the coal used to produce SFA (i.e. sub-bituminous) is 125 geologically younger (Balingian Formation of late Miocene age – Begrih Formation of Early 126 Pliocene age) and it is mined nearer to the ground surface compared to the coal used to 127 produce GFA (i.e. bituminous) (Permian age – Cretaceous age). The quality of coal is in the 128 increasing order from subbituminous to bituminous. 129 The basicity index and hydration modulus of both SFA and GFA are evaluated using the 130 equations as given in Equation (1) and (2): 131 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-compressive-strength-of-geopolymer-using-gfa-and-sfa-36j7085k.png Fig. 2. Compressive strength of geopolymer using GFA and SFA 202 4.2. Chemical Composition 203 As presented in Table 1, the chemical compositions of GFA and SFA are rather similar 204 but different in proportions. The major components of both GFA and SFA are SiO2, Al2O3 205 and Fe2O3, followed by CaO, MgO and K2O. Other components present in small quantities. 206 Basically, all the elements on GFA are higher than SFA with the exception of K2O and MnO. 207 It is important to note that SFA contains relatively large quantities of MnO. As compared 208 to the other fly ashes or OPC, MnO content in SFA is similar to manganese slag as presented 209 in Table 1. The influence of MnO content on the quality of fly ash is assessed with regard to 210 the quality index as given in Equation (1): 211 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-diameter-of-gfa-and-sfa-particles-at-10-50-and-90-of-2cjrvnqi.png Table 3 Diameter of GFA and SFA particles at 10%, 50% and 90% of the total fly ash 263 content; mean diameter and specific surface 264 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-strength-increment-of-geopolymer-using-sand-with-and-ksn523t8.png Fig. 6. Strength increment of geopolymer using sand with and without SSD condition 358 Both compressive strengths of GFA and SFA have been observed to increase with curing 359 age. This observation could be due to some unreacted fly ash particles, which earlier on did 360 not manage to undergo geopolymerisation during heat curing in oven that continued to react 361 with the alkaline solution when being cured at room temperature. Also, it could be due to the 362 reaction on the reactive fine particle size of fly ash which consequently improved the bonds 363 in geopolymer over the curing age [38]. 364 The strength increments of SFA over the curing age were observed to be 14% higher than 365 GFA. This suggested that the rate of geopolymerisation for SFA samples was initially slower 366 and mainly developed its strength with the curing age. SFA which has relatively larger 367 particle size may need longer period for dissolution of fly ash particles to build up the 368 strength. Therefore, better strength development was observed at later stage. 369 370 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sem-on-gfa-and-sfa-328-4-6-liquid-to-ash-ratio-329-it-7h7a6mao.png Fig. 5. SEM on GFA and SFA 328 4.6. Liquid to ash ratio 329 It is observed that SFA requires higher ratio of liquid to ash but the compressive strength 330 obtained is lower than GFA. Although higher amount of alkaline solution should be able to 331 leach more silica and alumina from the fly ash and consequently enhances the 332 geopolymerisation process, it is not the case as observed on SFA performance. It could be 333 due to higher usage of alkaline solution that may obstruct the water evaporation and the 334 structure formation [36]. Other than that, fly ash with mostly amorphous phase enhances the 335 leaching capability of SiO2 and Al2O3 [37]. It is believed that the better amorphous phase of 336 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-result-of-x-ray-diffraction-xrd-on-gfa-and-sfa-253-4-4-2s11jpzv.png Fig. 3. Result of X-ray diffraction (XRD) on GFA and SFA 253 4.4. Particle Size Distribution 254 The results of the particle size distribution on GFA and SFA are presented in Fig. 4. Table 255 3 shows the test results of particle diameter at 10% (d10), 50% (d50) and 90% (d90), and the 256 mean diameter. Both GFA and SFA show broad distribution pattern in their respective 257 particle size distribution plots. However, GFA particles are observed to be approximately two 258 times smaller than SFA. For GFA, it is predominantly smaller than 24 µm whereas SFA is 259 predominantly smaller than 40 µm, both comprising 90% of the total fly ashes. The mean 260 particle diameter of GFA is 9.3 µm whereas SFA is 16 µm. 261 https://scispace.com/papers/suitability-of-power-law-extrapolation-for-wind-speed-3ntxmuuu59 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tabulated-values-for-a-1gau0iw4.png Table 1: Tabulated values for α. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-averaged-hourly-wind-speed-at-98-confidence-uj9ryewq.png Figure 3: Averaged hourly wind speed (at 98% confidence interval) at 10 m showing a clear diurnal cycle. Times shown are in local time (UTC +8). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-38-m-wind-data-recorded-in-each-of-dut3g5xn.png Figure 2: Percentage of 38-m wind data recorded in each of four direction quadrants for the seasons AM, JJAS, ON, and DJFM. The four direction quadrants are: northeast (NE 0°-90°), southeast (SE 90°-180°), southwest (SW 180°-270°), and northwest (NW 270°-360°). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plot-of-the-fitted-values-of-a-the-upper-line-is-hv8t118m.png Figure 5: Plot of the fitted values of α. The upper line is obtained from the night profiles whereas the lower line is from the day profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-the-sum-of-squared-errors-sses-of-the-3gom852v.png Figure 8: Comparison of the sum-of-squared errors (SSEs) of the three profile models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-plots-of-the-observed-wind-profiles-and-the-three-1aj675qt.png Figure 4: Plots of the observed wind profiles and the three fitted profile models (power law, -1/3-exponent, and arctan) for the four seasons (AM, JJAS, ON, and DJFM) and the two diurnal time periods (night and day). The solid lines with square markers are the measured profile curves with the markers at the observation heights. The dashed lines are the three fitted model curves. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-tabulated-values-for-the-parameters-ut-and-t-3ez964zr.png Table 3: Tabulated values for the parameters uτ and τ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-plots-of-the-observed-variation-in-the-prevailing-2o5alpke.png Figure 11: Plots of the observed variation in the prevailing wind direction with height for the four seasons (AM, JJAS, ON, and DJFM) and the two diurnal time periods (night and day). Directions are measured in degrees clockwise from the cardinal north. The square markers denote the observation heights. https://scispace.com/papers/suitability-of-synthetic-diamond-films-for-x-ray-dosimetry-9082j03eg7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-integrated-charge-divided-by-integration-time-as-a-3fmdlfsw.png Figure 4. Integrated charge divided by integration time as a function of time for (a) D01 at ~250 V, (b) D02 at ~250 V, (c) D03 at ~250 V, and (d) D03 at ~125 V. Each group of five traces is for dose rates of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 monitor units (MU) per minute respectively. The left hand group of five traces was taken with the gantry angle set to 0°, the middle group at 90°, and the right group at 180°; as shown in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-signal-baseline-i-e-dark-current-as-a-function-of-3vhmxls6.png Figure 5. Signal baseline (i.e. dark current) as a function of cumulative dose; exponential decay curve fits are shown through the data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-photocurrent-exponent-values-according-to-2-2bmdpe1e.png TABLE I. PHOTOCURRENT EXPONENT VALUES ( ) ACCORDING TO (2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-typical-set-of-photocurrent-i-e-integrated-charge-1n27whl4.png Figure 6. A typical set of photocurrent (i.e. integrated charge divided by integration time, after subtraction of baseline fit) data; this data was measured on device D01 with a gantry angle of 90°. Exponential decay curve fits are shown through the data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-steady-state-photocurrent-versus-dose-rate-for-2bda56n7.png Figure 7. Steady-state photocurrent versus dose rate for device D01; power law curve fits are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-current-versus-a-applied-bias-and-b-applied-1y95xjn3.png Figure 3. Current versus (a) applied bias and (b) applied electric field for devices D01, D02, and D03 before x-ray irradiation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-of-the-device-enclosure-jdhdu13f.png Figure 2. Schematic of the device enclosure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-normalised-photocurrent-versus-gantry-angle-for-qi3y4t7p.png Figure 8. Normalised photocurrent versus gantry angle for device D01 at 50 (dashed line) and 250 (solid line) monitor units per minute. https://scispace.com/papers/suivi-therapeutique-pharmacologique-du-5-fluorouracile-mise-2z3fnz0whm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-principales-etapes-du-metabolisme-du-5-fu-3g0tblel.png Figure 1 : Principales étapes du métabolisme du 5-FU https://scispace.com/papers/suitability-of-visible-light-communication-for-platooning-2iix1svrxa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-set-up-used-to-investigate-the-impact-of-the-1b7egnxb.png Fig. 8. Set-up used to investigate the impact of the interferences generated by other vehicles, in both the F2L vehicle communication and L2F vehicle communications cases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-transmission-latency-at-100-kbps-measured-as-the-time-5eivq7v3.png Fig. 7. Transmission latency at 100 kbps, measured as the time between the first rising edge of the message (in orange) and the rising edge of the enable bit (in blue). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-summary-of-the-performances-of-our-vlc-prototype-22e6id1w.png TABLE III SUMMARY OF THE PERFORMANCES OF OUR VLC PROTOTYPE AT 100 KBPS IN JAMMING CONFIGURATIONS, WITH A RECEIVER FOV OF 55◦ . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-evolution-with-the-longitudinal-distance-of-the-15mekqm6.png Fig. 9. Evolution with the longitudinal distance of the contribution of the jamming light signal in the total illuminance perceived at the receiver level when the lateral distance is 2 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spatial-distribution-of-the-luminous-intensity-of-a-2s7msz0x.png Fig. 1. Spatial distribution of the luminous intensity of a taillight when projected on a vertical plane at 1 m in (a) traffic mode and (b) stop mode. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-the-characteristics-of-the-custom-made-2hxh1s8r.png TABLE I SUMMARY OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CUSTOM-MADE FRONT-END USED IN THE EXPERIMENTS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-the-count-values-obtained-with-pulse-lajiiwj4.png Fig. 4. Distribution of the count values obtained with pulse width decoding in the offline mode, with a sampling rate equal to 12.5 fc, on packets started by the header H = 1111. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-two-vehicles-with-an-inter-distance-d-in-a-curve-of-3pts6iqn.png Fig. 5. Two vehicles with an inter-distance d, in a curve of center C, radius R and fully defined by the angle α . https://scispace.com/papers/sulfate-dependent-anaerobic-oxidation-of-methane-at-a-highly-10vgos2uwt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-alkalinity-sulfide-sulfate-ca2-and-sr2-30624135.png Table 1. Alkalinity, sulfide, sulfate, Ca2+ and Sr2+ concentrations and carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic, Ca2+ and Sr2+ isotopic composition, sulfur and oxygen isotopic composition of sulfate and sulfur isotopic composition of sulfide of pore and bottom waters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-carbon-and-sulfur-content-and-organic-carbon-2qgaxq95.png Table 2. Carbon and sulfur content and organic carbon isotopic composition of sediments and description, mineralogy, carbon, oxygen, calcium and strontium isotopic composition of authigenic carbonates. https://scispace.com/papers/suite2p-beyond-10-000-neurons-with-standard-two-photon-3042enp0y5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-detection-performance-compared-to-cnmf-1s024r7w.png Figure 5. Detection performance compared to CNMF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-13451-simultaneously-recorded-neurons-1w0p9sms.png Figure 6. 13,451 simultaneously recorded neurons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-correcting-rigid-motion-with-subpixel-phase-2tz1gcgq.png Figure 2. Correcting rigid motion with subpixel phase correlation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-detection-of-calcium-transients-in-axonal-boutons-3aievs4c.png Figure 7. Detection of calcium transients in axonal boutons, and sparsely labelled dendrites. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spatial-statistics-of-the-neuropil-signal-3i3ind3k.png Figure 3. Spatial statistics of the neuropil signal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pipeline-schematic-1a6mhdaw.png Figure 1. Pipeline schematic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-screenshot-of-the-graphical-user-interface-used-for-mvhd5671.png Figure 4. Screenshot of the graphical user interface used for quality control. https://scispace.com/papers/sulfate-retention-in-high-level-waste-sludge-batch-4-glasses-4hyfsmd7jy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-oxide-compositions-of-wcp-batch-1-bch-and-ustd-2sl97v7y.png Table 1: Oxide Compositions of WCP Batch 1 (BCH) and Ustd https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-compositions-of-frits-used-in-the-sulfate-study-in-jfs1kx52.png Table 2-1. Compositions of Frits Used in the Sulfate Study (in wt%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-measured-concentrations-for-the-6-lrm-samples-by-44v8ca7s.png Figure 3-1. Measured Concentrations for the 6 LRM Samples by Oxide https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-so42-values-for-glasses-in-the-analytical-plan-by-1xedgi5n.png Figure 3-2. SO42- Values for Glasses in the Analytical Plan by Glass ID https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-glass-identifiers-to-establish-blind-samples-for-1n1y6o87.png Table 2: Glass Identifiers to Establish Blind Samples for PSAL https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-preparation-blocks-by-dissolution-method-1l3qrrk3.png Table 3: Preparation Blocks by Dissolution Method https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3-target-compositions-of-the-frit-503-sulfate-study-29oksbjt.png Table 2-3. Target Compositions of the Frit 503 Sulfate Study Glasses (in wt%). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-icp-aes-blocks-calibration-groups-by-preparation-2o6mqd82.png Table 4: ICP-AES Blocks & Calibration Groups by Preparation Method https://scispace.com/papers/sulfonates-and-organotrophic-sulfite-metabolism-1k59qsaun4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-1-representative-aliphatic-organosulfonates-from-the-2rl1mo0x.png Fig. 14.1 Representative aliphatic organosulfonates from the atmosphere, vertebrates, spiders, bacteria, archaea, plants and algae. The arrows indicate some degradative routes in the literature (Cook and Denger 2002; Cook et al. 2006). Natural sulfonates are obviously ubiquitous, and the C−SO 3 − bond is not degraded by, e.g., mammals, which excrete organosulfonates (Huxtable 1992). The widespread utilization of organosulfonates is by microbes, whereby up till now largely bacteria were meant (Cook and Denger 2002; Cook et al. 1999, 2006): utilization by archaea, suggested by sequence data (Rein et al. 2005), has been supported by the first experimental data (J. van der Oost and T.H.M Smits, unpublished data), and utilization by a dinoflagellate is suspected (Mayer et al. 2006) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-5-some-desulfonation-reactions-methanesulfonate-2i214tmn.png Fig. 14.5 Some desulfonation reactions. Methanesulfonate monooxygenase is a multicomponent system (MsmABCD), which generates formaldehyde and sulfite from the substrate. Sulfolactate sulfo-lyase has two subunits (SuyAB) and tightly bound Fe(II). l-Cysteate sulfo-lyase (CuyA) represents a third desulfonation mechanism with cofactor pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP). The sulfo acetaldehyde acetyltransferase (Xsc) reaction involves thiamin diphosphate (ThDP) as a cofactor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-2-a-natural-arylsulfonate-and-three-commercially-2ynlhz65.png Fig. 14.2 A natural arylsulfonate and three commercially available arylsulfonates. The natural product (Hickford et al. 2004) is juxtaposed with one known desulfonation (during ring cleavage) (Junker et al. 1994a): a typical desulfonation prior to ring cleavage (Junker et al. 1994b) and desulfonation subsequent to ring cleavage (Feigel and Knackmuss 1993; Schleheck et al. 2004) are illustrated https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-6-hypothetical-pathway-of-taurine-degradation-in-3uiin6xy.png Fig. 14.6 Hypothetical pathway of taurine degradation in Desulfotalea psychrophila LSv54. Given that the organism grows with taurine (R. Rabus, unpublished data), we deduced the pathway from the genome sequence (Rabus et al. 2004) and our experience with related pathways in other organisms (Denger et al. 2006a; Gorzynska et al. 2006). Ack acetate kinase, Ald alanine dehydrogenase, Tpa taurine:pyruvate aminotransferase, DsrAB dissimilatory sulfite reductase, Pta phosphotransacetylase https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-7-degradative-pathway-for-taurine-in-burkholderia-1xetyohw.png Fig. 14.7 Degradative pathway for taurine in Burkholderia xenovorans LB400. The genome sequence, experimental data on taurine dehydrogenase (TDH), Xsc and Pta (Ruff et al. 2003), with support for sulfite dehydrogenase (SorAB) from a different strain (Table 14.1), and other data (Denger et al. 2006a; Gorzynska et al. 2006; Rein et al. 2005) form the basis for this figure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-4-synthesis-of-taurine-in-mammals-and-spiders-and-184hlurk.png Fig. 14.4 Synthesis of taurine in mammals and spiders, and excretion of sulfonates. Taurine has many functions in mammals (Huxtable 1992), but after being functional, the compound is excreted, largely in urine. l-Cysteate in mammals is dietary, and transamination and excretion are indicated (Weinstein and Griffith 1988). Large amounts of sulfonates are involved in the function of spiders’ webs (Vollrath et al. 1990) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-3-the-biosynthesis-of-coenzyme-m-in-methanogens-bold-2ynaec1f.png Fig. 14.3 The biosynthesis of coenzyme M in methanogens (bold arrows) and our interpretation (normal arrows) of the generalized pathway to supply different microorganisms with sulfolactate (spore-formers), l-cysteate for sulfolipids (Cytophagales), taurine for sulfolipids (marine bacteria and some algae) and coenzyme M for the aerobes which also use the cofactor in biodegradation https://scispace.com/papers/sulfur-degassing-from-volcanoes-source-conditions-37q3f2zyh4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plots-of-sulfur-concentration-of-the-pre-eruptive-2jao2zl2.png Figure 1. : Plots of sulfur concentration of the pre-eruptive gas phase for several historical eruptions in arc settings. The sulfur content has been calculated using a thermodynamic approach (see text and Scaillet and Pichavant 2003). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-photograph-of-eighteen-km-high-eruption-plume-of-2bgekai5.png Figure 12. : Photograph of eighteen-km-high eruption plume of Mt. Pinatubo on 12 June 1991, three days before the climactic eruption. Photographed from Clark Air Base (20 km east). Credit: Rick Hobblitt, US Geological Survey Cascades Volcano Observatory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-photographs-of-portable-ultraviolet-and-infrared-1gm7t8r0.png Figure 8. : Photographs of portable ultraviolet and infrared sensing systems for plume measurements: (a) INGV-Catania‘s Mini-COSPEC in operation on Mt. Etna; (b) compact ultraviolet spectrometer set up for walking traverses on Erta ‗Ale volcano (the spectrometer is near the laptop‘s keyboard; (c) one of the first scanning systems for ultraviolet sensing of SO2 emissions, in use on Stromboli; (d) FTIR spectrometer during measurements on Erebus volcano, Antarctica. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-examples-of-large-so2-emitters-via-non-explosive-287ebgz4.png Table 2. : Examples of large SO2 emitters via non-explosive (passive) degassing during the last 10–15 year.s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plot-showing-comparison-of-sulfur-yields-for-3chzr5xi.png Figure 2. : Plot showing comparison of sulfur yields for several historical volcanic eruptions estimated from remote sensing data (Table 3) and petrological and thermodynamic constraints, assuming that the gas phase in the pre-eruptive reservoir amounts to 5 wt% (from Scaillet et al. 2003). The results for sulfur yields obtained only from melt degassing are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-plot-of-gisp2-volcanic-sulfate-markers-for-the-1qox3pmc.png Figure 10. : Plot of GISP2 volcanic sulfate markers for the past two millennia based on statistical analysis (Zielinski et al. 1994). Several large anomalies have not been traced to the responsibl volcanoes, including the prominent AD 640 and 1259 peaks. Data provided by the National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado at Boulder, and the WDC-A for Paleoclimatology, NGDC, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-plots-of-a-the-variation-of-fluid-species-pvoy2t1z.png Figure 4. : Plots of (a) the variation of fluid species abundances versus f (in log units relative to the nickel-O2 nickel oxide buffer), calculated for volatile conditions of H2O = 0.06 wt% and 850 ppm dissolved sulfur, which correspond to primitive Mid Ocean Ridge Basalts (Saal et al. 2002). The calculations were made for a pressure of 40 MPa and a temperature of 1280 °C. (b) Evolution of the sulfur content of the gas phase with fO2, corresponding to the gas composition shown in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-representative-compositions-of-high-temperature-39vr4aum.png Table 1. : Representative compositions of high-temperature volcanic gas samples* in mol%. Data from compilations in Giggenbach (1996), Oppenheimer (2003), Fischer (2008) and from individual analyses in Gerlach (1980), Oppenheimer et al. (2002b), Oppenheimer and Kyle (2008) and Sawyer et al. (2009). https://scispace.com/papers/sulfur-doped-cobalt-oxide-nanowires-as-efficient-25wo83zvk7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-573-27igd2z2.png Fig. 2 573 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-566-69srnzuo.png Fig. 1 566 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-575-1tb89agp.png Fig. 3 575 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-593-2ai9hxl3.png Fig. 7 593 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sem-images-tem-images-and-selected-area-electron-2dcjxc33.png Fig. 8 SEM images, TEM images and selected area electron diffraction patterns of the 541 samples prepared in VPH treatment for 6 hours at different temperatures: (a) 70, (b) 120, (c) 542 150 and (d) 180 °C. 543 https://scispace.com/papers/sulfur-k-edge-photofragmentation-of-ethylene-sulfide-21obugnvl7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-observed-branching-ratios-for-fragment-ions-from-1v0t3ube.png TABLE II. Observed branching ratios for fragment ions from C2H4S at some selected photon energies near the S 1s ionization threshold. Branching ratios of 10% or larger have estimated counting statistics of 1% to 3% and 5% systematic error. Branching ratios smaller than 10% have 10%–12% combined error except H2 + which has a 20% combined error. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-estimated-branching-ratios-for-the-c2hx-series-3ncnay9f.png FIG. 4. Estimated branching ratios for the C2Hx + series, following photoexcitation of C2H4S near the S 1s ionization threshold. The TIY, which was normalized to equal one on top of the first strong resonance 2471.88 eV after removing the pre-edge signal, is added for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-branching-ratios-for-ch2-ch-and-c-qtsifshm.png FIG. 5. Comparison of branching ratios for CH2 +, CH+, and C+ following photoexcitation of C2H4S near the S 1s ionization threshold. The TIY, which was normalized to equal one on top of the first strong resonance 2471.88 eV after removing the pre-edge signal, is added for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-observed-energies-and-term-values-for-excitation-of-2y09uaua.png TABLE I. Observed energies, , and term values, for excitation of S 1s electrons in C2H4S to a1 and b1 valence states and the Rydberg orbitals. All values are relative to the SF6 1s −1→6tu transition at 2486.0 eV Ref. 19 , which has an estimated 0.1 eV systematic error in photon energy reproducibility. “ ” denotes ionization energy as given in Ref. 15. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-branching-ratios-following-photoexcitation-of-c2h4s-1yf0njfo.png FIG. 3. Branching ratios following photoexcitation of C2H4S near the S 1s ionization threshold. The TIY, which was normalized to equal one on top of the first strong resonance 2471.88 eV after removing the pre-edge signal, is added for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-total-ion-yield-spectrum-normalized-to-equal-one-on-243j7dty.png FIG. 2. Total-ion-yield spectrum, normalized to equal one on top of the first strong resonance 2471.88 eV after removing the pre-edge signal. Dots denote locations for branching ratio values given in Tables II and III. The blue curves represent the peaks resulting from fitting of the TIY spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-of-flight-spectrum-taken-on-top-of-the-a1-and-b1-v3yp159j.png FIG. 1. Time-of-flight spectrum taken on top of the a1 and b1 resonance 2471.88 eV . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-branching-ratios-for-s2-and-s3-following-3ne274dd.png FIG. 6. Comparison of branching ratios for S2+ and S3+ following photoexcitation of C2H4S near the S 1s ionization threshold. The TIY, which was normalized to equal one on top of the first strong resonance 2471.88 eV after removing the pre-edge signal, is added for comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/sulodexide-in-the-treatment-of-patients-with-early-stages-of-15v1yf5kw8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-consort-flow-diagram-patients-who-discontinued-1fj85udg.png Figure 1.- CONSORT flow diagram. Patients who discontinued medication were not excluded from the final analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-general-demographics-comorbidities-and-2qkbmrnh.png Table 3. Results of general demographics, comorbidities, and outcome https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-laboratory-results-mean-d-dimer-and-c-reactive-2jxmkta4.png Figure 4. Laboratory results. Mean D-dimer and C- reactive protein (CRP) serum levels according to group allocation at baseline and two weeks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-outcome-progression-population-pyramid-count-of-3ij4947p.png Figure 3. Outcome progression. Population pyramid count of outcome during the follow-up period. For this chart, recovered was considered if symptoms were mild enough to permit regular activities or return to work. Some patients that needed oxygen support are included in the hospital care cluster. The graph includes two patients whose death occurred after the 21 days follow-up. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-covid-19-health-complication-c19hc-calculator-the-24sj1udw.png Table 1. COVID-19 Health Complication (C19HC) calculator. The calculator is available online. An automatic risk calculation result is given once inputted the requested data. The calculation is obtained according to the unconditional multiple regression model, through the algorithm sum of the weight given by each risk factor relative risk and their attributable fractions. A result of <50% = medium risk, 50-80% = high risk, and >80% = very high risk. IC = confidence interval BMI= body-mass index is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters, were <18·5 = underweight, 18·5-24·9 = normal, 25-29·9 = overweight, >30 = obesity. COPD= Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-population-pyramid-frequency-total-days-of-hospital-357z25k0.png Figure 2. Population pyramid frequency. Total days of hospital stay and for the need for oxygen support. It is not showing patients with 0 days. https://scispace.com/papers/sulfur-tin-and-gold-derivatives-of-1-2-pyridyl-ortho-2ob2ekqpsc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bond-distances-a-in-ortho-carborane-derivatives-1-r-2t6a5o1p.png Table 2. Bond distances (Å) in ortho carborane derivatives 1-R-2-X-1,2-C2B10H10. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bond-distances-a-in-ortho-carborane-derivatives-1-r-2oe5swfq.png Table 3. Bond distances (Å) in ortho carborane derivatives 1-R-2-AuL-1,2-C2B10H10. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-crystal-data-189hyc23.png Table 1. Crystal Data https://scispace.com/papers/sulphur-isotopes-as-tracers-of-the-influence-of-a-coal-fired-2zk3dwzvij 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-34-yovyxz4g.png Fig. 4. 34 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-913-3nj4k1fd.png Fig. 3 913 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-s-precipitation-methods-34-2pna0dyf.png Table 1. Comparison of the S precipitation methods. 34 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-34-15ewnj6a.png Fig. 3 913 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-34-1b0ye9cn.png Fig. 2. 34 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-34-3tcp71ne.png Table 3. 34 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-900-24gg75fw.png Fig. 2. 34 https://scispace.com/papers/sulfuric-acid-resistance-of-one-part-alkali-activated-sa39n775hl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-xrd-patterns-of-paste-ms-6-after-70-day-water-1gh6cotc.png Fig. 3. XRD patterns of paste MS_6 after 70-day water-immersion and after 70- day exposure to sulfuric acid (pH=1), and of the silica MS (A= zeolite A; HS=hydrosodalite; Si= silicon; SiC= silicon carbide; SH= silicic acid). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cross-sections-sprayed-with-phenolphthalein-solution-c93seqda.png Fig. 2. Cross-sections, sprayed with phenolphthalein solution, of the mortars MS_6, MS_6_b, and MS_6_SL (top row, from left to right), and RHA_6_b, RHA_6_SL_b, and CR_3.5 (bottom row, from left to right) after the 70-day exposure to sulfuric acid (pH=1). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-xrd-patterns-of-paste-ms-6-sl-after-70-day-water-2pjclxi8.png Fig. 4. XRD patterns of paste MS_6_SL after 70-day water-immersion and after 70-day exposure to sulfuric acid (pH=1), and of the silica MS (A= zeolite A; Si= silicon; SiC= silicon carbide; SH= silicic acid; Gy= gypsum). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-xrd-patterns-of-paste-rha-6-b-after-70-day-water-2szsgojo.png Fig. 5. XRD patterns of paste RHA_6_b after 70-day water-immersion and after 70-day exposure to sulfuric acid (pH=1), and of the silica RHA (q= quartz; Tr= tridymite; c= cristobalite; (SS)= sodium silicate (uncertain)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-xrd-patterns-of-paste-rha-6-sl-b-after-70-day-water-3u0bsp9y.png Fig. 6. XRD patterns of paste RHA_6_SL_b after 70-day water-immersion and after 70-day exposure to sulfuric acid (pH=1), and of the silica RHA (q= quartz; Tr= tridymite; c= cristobalite; (SS)= sodium silicate (uncertain); g= gibbsite; B= bayerite; C= calcite; Gy= gypsum). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-sem-micrographs-of-fracture-surfaces-of-paste-rha-6-b-d5j65egv.png Fig. 10. SEM micrographs of fracture surfaces of paste RHA_6_b after 70-day water-immersion (left) and after 70-day exposure to sulfuric acid (pH=1) (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-composition-of-the-starting-materials-gd36zics.png Table 1 Chemical composition of the starting materials. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xrd-patterns-of-the-starting-materials-rha-ms-cr-and-292h35ob.png Fig. 1. XRD patterns of the starting materials RHA, MS, CR, and GGBFS (q= quartz; Tr= tridymite; c= cristobalite; C= calcite; Si= silicon; SiC= silicon carbide; Me=merwinite). https://scispace.com/papers/sum-rules-and-universality-in-electron-modulated-acoustic-i2t71bjdkj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-universal-form-factor-increase-for-a-intra-and-b-2iuztooa.png FIG. 5. Universal form factor increase for a intra- and b intersubband scatterings. Open circles represent numerically obtained universal curves for Si, GaAs, and GaN. Solid lines show the analytical compact formulae Eqs. 23 – 26 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-illustration-of-rearranging-the-summation-2muonn3d.png FIG. 6. Schematic illustration of rearranging the summation over the argument s of in Eq. A5 for a a=1 and b a=2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-modulated-phonon-frequency-as-a-function-of-in-plane-36bvtifl.png FIG. 1. Modulated phonon frequency as a function of in-plane phonon wave vector calculated for a free-standing Si plate. The vertical and horizontal axes are normalized so that the plot gives dispersion relations for arbitrary plate thickness, Lz. Numbers 1 through 7 are added to the lowest seven branches for explanation. The meaning of is given in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-squared-longitudinal-phonon-amplitude-as-a-function-of-lpm1kcjq.png FIG. 2. Squared longitudinal phonon amplitude as a function of QLz plotted for each dispersion branch on Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-normalized-form-factor-of-intra-lowest-subband-2gx0plv0.png FIG. 4. a Normalized form factor of intra-lowest-subband scattering, plotted for different channel materials. b Form factor increase from that obtained using bulk phonons, normalized by the values at Q=0, showing a universal curve independent of plate material and thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-form-factor-of-intra-lowest-subband-scattering-23grfqbo.png FIG. 3. Form factor of intra-lowest-subband scattering calculated for modulated phonons denoted as “Total” . The vertical axis is the form factor calculated using modulated phonons, divided by that obtained using bulk phonons. Solid lines with indices show contributions from branches numbered in Fig. 1. The figure is valid for any plate thickness due to normalization of the in-plane phonon wave vector Q. https://scispace.com/papers/summarization-of-user-generated-sports-video-by-using-deep-2n5efjqisu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-recurrent-neural-network-architecture-for-rjiu9bhm.png Fig. 4. The recurrent neural network architecture for highlight classification consists of a single LSTM layer and several fully-connected layers. The body joint-based features xt and holistic features yt extracted from video segment st are input to calculate the probability pt that the segment is interesting. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-duration-of-the-video-dataset-and-ground-truths-e54b81q3.png TABLE IV DURATION OF THE VIDEO DATASET AND GROUND TRUTHS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-subjective-evaluation-results-with-respect-to-the-10kfc395.png TABLE III SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION RESULTS WITH RESPECT TO THE VIDEO TYPE AND F-SCORE. EACH CELL CONTAINS THE MEAN ± THE STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE SCORES (FROM 1 TO 5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-overview-of-the-proposed-method-to-generate-a-2cqhqdf2.png Fig. 1. An overview of the proposed method to generate a summary of user-generated sports video (UGSV) based on players’ actions. Two types of features that represent players’ actions, namely body joint-based and holistic actions, are used to extract highlights from the original video. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-summary-is-generated-by-concatenating-segments-in-3lj6ev3i.png Fig. 5. A summary is generated by concatenating segments in which the probability pt ∈ [0, 1] of being part of a highlight surpasses a certain threshold θ. θ decreases from 1 until the desired summary length is reached. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-original-length-10-min-40-sec-summary-length-1-min-the-136onfbw.png Fig. 8. Original length: 10 min 40 sec. Summary length: 1 min. The highlights summary is generated by applying a threshold θ to the probability of interestingness p. Video segments with higher p are extracted prior to segments with lower p, and thus in a few cases the beginning/end segments of the highlights are missing when compared to the ground truth. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-f-score-comparison-of-different-combinations-of-2xekmkc8.png TABLE II F-SCORE COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF FEATURES AND OTHER UGSV SUMMARIZATION METHODS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-size-of-the-learnable-elements-in-the-network-with-1yz9kvcu.png TABLE I SIZE OF THE LEARNABLE ELEMENTS IN THE NETWORK WITH RESPECT TO THE FEATURES USED (input× output). FEATURE VECTOR SIZES ARE DETAILED IN SECTION IV-A) https://scispace.com/papers/summarizing-videos-into-a-target-language-methodology-3a40un29xo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-performance-of-alasr-in-terms-of-wer-20lrf3d2.png Table 5. Performance of ALASR in terms of WER https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-website-evaluation-access-5oeiu7ob.png Fig. 6. Website evaluation Access https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-evaluation-of-the-arabic-english-mt-system-on-3os0drlb.png Table 6. The evaluation of the Arabic–English MT system on the UN test set https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-evaluation-of-the-arabic-english-mt-system-on-2kqig4vk.png Table 7. The evaluation of the Arabic–English MT system on AMIS data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-length-comparison-a-human-creates-the-2k48ghmo.png Table 3. Summary length comparison. A human creates the summaries in this table. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-performance-of-the-amis-sebd-submodule-7bvbid3v.png Table 8. Performance of the AMIS SeBD submodule https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-video-sequence-duration-distribution-fw7kqcf3.png Fig. 3. Video sequence duration distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-n-grams-in-the-english-language-model-used-2gfvjgh3.png Table 2. Number of n-grams in the English language model used for machine translation https://scispace.com/papers/summary-of-the-sussex-huawei-locomotion-transportation-5ekaxpybp3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-window-size-and-post-processing-scheme-used-by-the-1e4179tv.png Figure 8: Window size and post-processing scheme used by the submissions. The text on top of the bar indicates the highest F1 score achieved using each window size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-recognition-accuracy-for-each-class-activity-by-the-1g9df4ac.png Figure 9: Recognition accuracy for each class activity by the top 15 submissions and the average confusion matrix. The 8 class activities are: 1 - Still; 2 - Walk; 3 - Run; 4 - Bike; 5 - Car; 6 - Bus; 7 - Train; 8 - Subway. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-files-provided-by-the-shl-recognition-challenge-1qp6l23e.png Table 1: Data files provided by the SHL recognition challenge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-duration-of-each-class-activity-in-the-training-fd2wj6k1.png Figure 1: The duration of each class activity in the training and the testing dataset. The 8 classes are: 1 - Still; 2 - Walk; 3 - Run; 4 - Bike; 5 - Car; 6 - Bus; 7 - Train; 8 - Subway. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-fusion-performance-by-combining-the-results-from-3nodlquk.png Figure 12: Fusion performance by combining the results from different groups of submissions. Group-1: [1-2]; Group-2: [1-5]; Group-3: [1-10]; Group-4: [1-15]; Group-5: [6-10]; Group-6: [6-15]; Group-7: [11-15]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-confusion-matrix-f1-score-of-each-submission-for-the-3la9rds9.png Table 3: Confusion matrix (F1 score) of each submission for the testing dataset. The 8 class activities are: 1 - Still; 2 - Walk; 3 - Run; 4 - Bike; 5 - Car; 6 - Bus; 7 - Train; 8 - Subway. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-f1-scores-obtained-by-the-submissions-for-the-2qw5gzfd.png Figure 2: F1 scores obtained by the submissions for the training and testing datasets. The submissions are ranked based on their F1 scores on the testing set (see Table 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-machine-learning-library-used-by-the-submissions-4rz0g3ru.png Figure 14: Machine learning library used by the submissions for classical machine learning and deep learning. Key: SK - Scikit-Learn; ML - Matlab Machine Learning ToolBox; RM - RapidMiner; AN - Accord.Net; XGB - XGBoost-R. https://scispace.com/papers/summative-mass-analysis-of-algal-biomass-integration-of-260bahtlk5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-summative-algal-biomass-analysis-2vj8s53c.png Figure 1: Illustration of summative algal biomass analysis and reference to individual LAPs for analysis details. Numbers in boxes refer to individual LAPs identified in section 1.3. https://scispace.com/papers/summer-and-winter-differences-in-zooplankton-biomass-5e53yzmidx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-shelf-is-approximately-50-km-wide-at-its-26tzniru.png Figure 1). The shelf is approximately 50 km wide at its broadest part off the mouth of the Thukela (formerly Tugela) River, the largest river in the KZN province. Early oceanographic studies in this region focused mainly around Richards Bay (Gründlingh 1974; Pearce 1978; Pearce et al. 1978) or Durban (Pearce 1977; Schumann 1981, 1982; Anderson et al. 1988), with little research conducted over the bight itself. Nutrient concentrations off the KZN coast were first investigated by Oliff (1973) but the study was limited to the Richards Bay area. The first extensive hydrographic survey off the East Coast to include the KZN Bight was conducted in July 1989 (Lutjeharms et al. 2000a; Meyer et al. 2002). The St Lucia upwelling https://scispace.com/papers/summer-reading-predicting-adolescent-word-learning-from-51ba1o36i7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-variance-explained-in-fall-vocabulary-scores-by-1dnq9ebn.png TABLE 5 Variance Explained in Fall Vocabulary Scores by Summer Reading Activities and Interaction Variables, Controlling for Spring Vocabulary, Sentence Comprehension, Passage Comprehension, and Listening Comprehension https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-paired-samples-of-t-tests-comparing-student-stanine-o51n4fya.png TABLE 1 Paired Samples of t -Tests Comparing Student Stanine Scores on GRADE Subtests From Spring 2006 and Fall 2006 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-frequency-of-student-self-reported-time-engaged-in-mckbp0th.png TABLE 4 Frequency of Student Self-Reported Time Engaged in Reading Specific Genres During the Summer on a Likert Scale From 0 (Never) to 7 (Every Day for More Than One Hour), Grouped According to Text Type https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-change-in-vocabulary-predicted-by-amount-of-jqxwcrp8.png FIGURE 2 Change in vocabulary predicted by amount of expository book reading for students who scored well and poorly on the cloze task. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-student-self-reported-time-engaged-in-reading-388cv7ui.png TABLE 3 Student Self-Reported Time Engaged in Reading Specific Genres During the Summer on a Likert Scale From 0 (Never) to 7 (Every Day for More Than One Hour), Grouped According to Text Type and By Gender https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-change-in-vocabulary-predicted-by-amount-of-2tu1v8jo.png FIGURE 1 Change in vocabulary predicted by amount of narrative book reading for students who scored well and poorly on the cloze task. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-variance-explained-in-fall-vocabulary-scores-by-dfuuedju.png TABLE 5 Variance Explained in Fall Vocabulary Scores by Summer Reading Activities and Interaction Variables, Controlling for Spring Vocabulary, Sentence Comprehension, Passage Comprehension, and Listening Comprehension https://scispace.com/papers/sun-synchronous-planetary-exploration-5citkvrszn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temperature-bands-and-the-night-to-day-terminator-2kshj794.png Figure 2. Temperature bands and the night-to-day terminator https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sun-synchronous-traverse-data-2jw3cpw0.png Table 1: Sun-Synchronous Traverse Data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sun-synchronous-rover-concept-3enwlcrg.png Figure 1. Sun-Synchronous Rover Concept https://scispace.com/papers/summertime-european-heat-and-drought-waves-induced-by-1ouubjrlfw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-summertime-jja-daily-maximum-temperature-anomaly-32r0b5im.png Figure 1. (a) Summertime (JJA) daily maximum temperature anomaly ( C) averaged over the 10 hottest summers in the 1948–2004 period. (b) Same as for Figure 1a but for JJA anomaly of the frequency of rainy events (% of days when cumulated precipitation exceeds 0.5 mm). Stations where the anomaly is significant at the 90% level are marked by a black bullet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-detrended-summertime-jja-daily-maximum-temperature-2z17ujac.png Figure 4. Detrended summertime (JJA) daily maximum temperature anomalies, averaged over European stations, as a function of year (black), together with the detrended anomaly of rainfall frequency averaged in the 35 N–46 N latitude band during preceding winter and early spring (January to May) (red). Temperature anomalies are in C while precipitation frequencies anomalies are in % of days. The correlation between the two sets of values is 0.55. In order to assess the sensitivity of this latitude band for precipitation frequency, it is split into 2 latitude bands for which the time series are also calculated: 42 N–46 N (green) and 35 N–42 N (blue). Yellow bars indicate the selected 10 hottest summers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-of-the-twin-simulations-dry-and-wet-of-3fsag0vz.png Figure 3. Results of the twin simulations (‘‘dry’’ and ‘‘wet’’) of summer 1994 using the MM5 mesoscale model. The simulations were initialized on 1 June south of 46 N (indicated by line), ‘‘dry’’ using a volumetric soil moisture content (fraction of water in soil) of 0.15, and ‘‘wet’’ using 0.30. (a) Difference between ‘‘dry’’ and ‘‘wet’’ 15 h UT 2 m temperature averaged over the month of July 1994. (b) Difference between the July and June dry-wet differences in 15 h UT 2 m temperatures. (c) Same as for Figure 3b (June–July increment of the dry-wet differences), but for volumetric soil moisture content. (d) Same as for Figure 3b, but for the sensible heat flux, in W/m2, at 12 h UT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-average-rainfall-frequency-anomaly-of-days-2oiotnwm.png Figure 2. (a) Average rainfall frequency anomaly (% of days) (January–April) for the 10 years containing the hottest summers listed in Table S1 of the auxiliary material. (b) Same as for Figure 2a but for averages of the month of May only. (c) Same as for Figure 2a but for June. (d) Difference in the early summer (June and July) maximal hot-summer temperature anomalies between when southerly and northerly wind occurs at the station. At each station, days are classified into 2 classes according to the sign of the mean daily surface meridional wind field. The 58-year average maximal temperature is calculated and subtracted from the hot-summer average to obtain mean anomalies. The difference between ‘‘southerly’’ and ‘‘northerly’’ mean anomalies is shown in Figure 2d. Figure 2d shows that temperature anomalies, in the 10 hottest summers, are higher in southerly wind conditions than in northerly wind conditions. (e) Same as for Figure 2d but for rainfall frequency (% of days). Stations where the differences are significant at the 90% level are marked with a black bullet. https://scispace.com/papers/sunline-transit-agency-hydrogen-powered-transit-buses-third-53zyz9a1gk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cumulative-fueling-rate-histogram-26z2f4xf.png Figure 6. Cumulative fueling rate histogram https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-reasons-for-availability-and-1vm55o6q.png Table 2. Summary of Reasons for Availability and Unavailability of Buses for Service https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-availability-for-all-three-study-bus-groups-2264hkea.png Figure 7. Availability for all three study bus groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-roadcalls-and-mbrc-evaluation-period-2wgb81ou.png Table 7. Roadcalls and MBRC (Evaluation Period) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fuel-cell-top-and-hhice-bottom-transit-buses-at-2iczkyp2.png Figure 1. Fuel cell (top) and HHICE (bottom) transit buses at SunLine https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-hydrogen-dispensed-per-day-excluding-0-kg-7i14m4mk.png Figure 4. Average hydrogen dispensed per day (excluding 0 kg days) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distribution-of-fueling-amounts-2ngii1eg.png Figure 5. Distribution of fueling amounts https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-breakdown-of-vehicle-system-maintenance-cost-per-bpxurxsx.png Table 5. Breakdown of Vehicle System Maintenance Cost per Mile (Evaluation Period) https://scispace.com/papers/sunrise-hotels-an-integrated-managerial-accounting-teaching-4d1c3a13ys 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relation-between-integrative-case-use-and-course-21cbfj3m.png Table 1 Relation between integrative case use and course outcomes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-linkages-among-the-six-cases-3pohfup2.png Fig. 1. Linkages among the six cases. https://scispace.com/papers/sup-3-he-d-reaction-to-bound-and-quasibound-levels-in-sup-59-1lvk48oztw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-summary-gf-experimental-results-for-states-of-59cu-3aml9bfa.png TABLE III. Summary Gf experimental results for states of 59Cu vrith E„~3.4 MeV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-angular-distributions-and-dwba-predictions-are-1icwppfp.png Table II. Angular distributions and DWBA predictions are shown in Figs. 2 and 3 for the 35 and 39 MeV data, respectively. The data are fitted https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-angular-distributions-for-the-ni-he-d-5-cu-reaction-1748cet2.png FIG. 6. Angular distributions for the ~ Ni( He, d) 5 Cu reaction leading to the possible analogs of 5~Ni. See https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-angular-distributions-for-the-ni-d-n-cu-reaction-1usg94yp.png FIG. 7. Angular distributions for the ~ Ni(d, n) ~ Cu reaction leading to quasibound states. The experimental data are from Ref. 4. See Fig. 4 caption. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-spectrum-of-the-1i-3he-d-9cu-reaction-the-excitation-1xrfy604.png FIG. 1. A spectrum of the +¹i(3He,d) '9Cu reaction. The excitation energies of the observed states are indicated in MeV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-optical-model-and-finite-range-nonlocal-frnl-1nhard6f.png TABLE I. Optical model and finite-range nonlocal (FRNL) parameters used in DWBA calculations (in MeVfm). https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-spectroscopic-factors-for-analog-states-35hfp335.png TABLE V. Spectroscopic factors for analog states. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-spectroscopic-factors-from-58ni-pp-ref-10-obtained-2lvjxfu8.png TABLE IV. Spectroscopic factors from 58Ni(pp) (Ref. 10) obtained Using single-particle %ridths from the optical moclel. https://scispace.com/papers/super-high-frequency-two-port-aln-contour-mode-resonators-4zav670h8q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-four-mask-post-cmos-compatible-fabrication-process-a-lit970vc.png Fig. 8. Four-mask post-cMos compatible fabrication process: (a) sputter-deposition of Pt and of the ultra-thin (250 nm) aln film on high resistivity si substrate, (b) open vias in aln to access the bottom electrode, (c) dry etching of aln in cl2 based chemestry, (d) patterning of the top au electrode by electron-beam lithography and lift-off, (e) XeF2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-equivalent-electrical-circuit-for-the-second-order-2ury6okd.png Fig. 6. Equivalent electrical circuit for the second order filter based on self-coupled aln contour-mode resonators. Cp1, Cp2, Rp are the parasitic component in parallel with the input and output ports of the device; Cf is the parasitic feed-through capacitance between input and output https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-analytical-simulation-of-the-insertion-loss-of-the-k6tilxal.png Fig. 7. analytical simulation of the insertion loss of the second-order https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-experimental-response-and-equivalent-model-fitting-of-2zmdozud.png Fig. 10. Experimental response and equivalent model fitting of the fabricated 3.5-GHz (a) and 4.5-GHz (b) 2-port contour-mode reson- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-scanning-electron-micrographs-of-the-fabricated-3-5-1iqjyowq.png Fig. 9. scanning electron micrographs of the fabricated 3.5-GHz (a) and 4.5-GHz (b) 2-port contour-mode resonators. The metallization ratio (ratio of metal electrode to aln surface) is 50% for the 3.5-GHz device https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-transmission-responses-for-different-input-power-2v6l5wlu.png Fig. 11. Transmission responses for different input power level of the fabricated 3-GHz aln contour-mode resonator. The presence of bifurcation is considered to be the point of maximum power handling for the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-experimental-response-and-equivalent-model-fitting-of-busydv6h.png Fig. 12. Experimental response and equivalent model fitting of the fabricated 3-GHz (a) and 3.7-GHz (b) second-order filters based on 2 selfcoupled contour-mode resonators. Q and kt2 values refer to the individual https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-diagram-between-contour-mode-resonators-cmr-e0xfnznt.png Fig. 1. comparison diagram between contour-mode resonators (cMr) and other resonator technologies [1], [2], [7], [9], [10]. The diagram highlights the most important features of modern resonant devices for filter- https://scispace.com/papers/super-resolution-and-sparse-view-ct-reconstruction-3bs7ksbhdp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2d-slice-from-the-reconstructed-3d-fresnel-zone-plate-19h6ch7u.png Fig. 3. 2D slice from the reconstructed 3D Fresnel zone plate (top) and its Sobel filtered visualization (bottom). The green ring in each image represents the smallest feature we can extract according to the Nyquist limit. PSNR and SSIM of slice images (top) from (a) to (e): FDK (17.5978, 0.9354), SART (19.5440, 0.9582), PCG-TV (22.0659, 0.9756), PSART-SAD (22.6293, 0.9781), PSART-STP (24.8331, 0.9864), Reference volume. The display window is [0, 0.8]. For Sobel filtered images, smoother features in the superresolution frequencies for the PSART results indicate a better suitability for post-processing tasks such as segmentation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-five-datasets-with-thin-2d-a-c-and-1d-d-e-structures-x9sqxkki.png Fig. 1. Five datasets with thin 2D (a-c) and 1D (d-e) structures embedded in 3D volumes. Top row: scanned objects. Middle row: representative projection images. Bottom row: rendering results of volumes reconstructed by our method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-sample-slice-with-different-number-of-projections-2tfxfuwm.png Fig. 2. A sample slice with different number of projections from a 3D Shepp-Logan (a) and scanned rose (b). The PSNR and SSIM values are shown at the top of each image. For each data, we compare PCG-TV (top) with our proposed PSART-TV method (bottom). For Shepp-Logan data, 90, 60, 45, and 30 projections as input. For the real scanned rose, 90, 60, 45 were used projections as input. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-reconstruction-results-for-the-real-flower-a-and-1fhesgqc.png Fig. 7. Reconstruction results for the real flower (a) and toothbrush (b) in the sagittal, axial, and coronal planes, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-representative-slice-visualization-in-the-axial-plane-ksvvn6s2.png Fig. 6. Representative slice visualization in the axial plane for (f): the reference volume and (a)-(e): the volumes reconstructed by FDK, SART, PCG-TV, PSART-SAD, and PSART-STP, respectively. From top to bottom: volume visualization, its edge detection, and the closeup views. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rmse-of-the-reconstructed-volume-as-a-function-of-2439zzut.png Fig. 4. RMSE of the reconstructed volume as a function of iteration (left) and running time (right) for the various methods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-f-representative-slice-visualization-in-the-sagittal-2m82xyt1.png Fig. 5. a-f: Representative slice visualization in the sagittal plane for the volume and its closeup view for the artificial flower data reconstructed by FDK, SART, PCG-TV, PSART-SAD, PSART-STP, and the reference volume, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/super-resolution-defect-characterization-using-microwave-p2jwklozn0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-defect-characterization-based-on-cross-correlation-3p8916gn.png Table 2. Defect Characterization Based on Cross-Correlation Technique https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dimensions-mm-of-the-la-probe-3euuprk0.png TABLE 1. Dimensions (mm) of the LA probe https://scispace.com/papers/supercentenarians-and-the-oldest-old-are-concentrated-into-4cs32bjxa3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-and-per-capita-rate-of-attaining-ejs8lru0.png Figure 2. Number and per capita rate of attaining supercentenarian status across US states, relative to the introduction of complete-area birth registration. Despite the combined effects of rapid https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relationship-between-mid-life-and-late-life-2v7pyab0.png Figure 5. Relationship between mid-life and late-life survival across Italian provinces. Across Italian https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-regional-distributions-for-the-density-of-meo9tg0d.png Figure 1. Regional distributions for the density of remarkable longevity. The large majority of SSCs are concentrated in a few countries, each exhibiting large regional variation in density of remarkable longevity records. Most supercentenarians are concentrated in the USA (a), with large numbers in France and the UK (b), and Italy (c; life table estimated rates). Within these countries, there exists marked https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-social-hardship-and-the-distribution-of-105-year-255jtjus.png Figure 4. Social hardship and the distribution of 105+ year old people in the United Kingdom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-old-age-poverty-and-the-density-of-remarkable-1epfdmyw.png Figure 3. Old-age poverty and the density of remarkable lifespans. A higher percentage of people are https://scispace.com/papers/super-sizing-the-giants-first-cartilage-preservation-at-a-j5u5ph397w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-thin-section-photographs-a-cartilage-and-bone-b-detail-2g6o28nc.png Fig. 4. Thin-section photographs: (a) cartilage and bone; (b) detail of cartilage as indicated in white rectangle in (a); white arrows indicate a zone of metaplastic bone with small parallel lines typically developed in this tissue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-edx-photographs-showing-the-sampled-areas-of-bone-a-1u90py1d.png Fig. 3. EDX photographs, showing the sampled areas of bone (a) and cartilage (c); the area within the white rectangle is magnified in (b) and (d), respectively. The arrows at the left side of the mineral labels mark the sampled spots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-field-locality-of-cetiosauriscus-greppini-at-the-basse-27wuz9v2.png Fig. 1. Field locality of Cetiosauriscus greppini at the ‘Basse Montagne’ quarry near Moutier, Switzerland. Swiss coordinates: 123.753/259.535; UTM: 7822937.660, 47817919.040. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-photographs-of-right-humerus-mh-260-of-cetiosauriscus-ntexrksv.png Fig. 2. Photographs of right humerus MH 260 of Cetiosauriscus greppini, in (a) caudal aspect and (b) cranial aspect. (c) Close-up of distal articular surface with cartilage in cranial aspect; the hatched circle is marking position of the drill-hole; black arrows show some of the circular pores at the cartilage. lr, lateral ridge; mr, medial ridge; of, olecranon fossa. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-reconstruction-of-cartilaginous-articular-capsule-18srpzvh.png Fig. 5. Reconstruction of cartilaginous articular capsule around distal humerus, and proximal radius and ulna, caudal aspect, with possible important forelimb muscles around distal extremity of humerus (muscles are displayed only with their insertion around the distal humerus and adjacent parts). cart, cartilage; ext, forelimb extensor muscles; hu, humerus; m. anc, m. anconaeus; m. bra, m. brachialis; m. bra in, m. brachialis inferior; ra, radius; ul, ulna. https://scispace.com/papers/superconducting-critical-currents-in-wire-samples-and-some-1pn329kmn5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-wire-sample-data-1gf9e9mm.png Table 2. Wire Sample Data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-209xmnbv.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-s2ydbgdv.png Fig. 8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-23zdpsn9.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1knzlblh.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/papers/superconducting-detector-dynamics-studied-by-quantum-pump-auqf3lws80 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-experimental-setup-photon-pairs-are-produced-in-a-2wy1ajgs.png FIG. 2. (a) Experimental setup. Photon pairs are produced in a KTP crystal and separated on a polarizing beam splitter (PBS) after filtering out the pump beam. One of the photons is delayed with respect to the other in a motorized delay line. The photons are collected in single-mode fibers and combined using a fiber beam splitter. The output beam consists of photon pairs with a controlled delay dt and is focused to a 1 lm spot on the SSPD using a high NA objective. (b) Photon pair source characterization by Hong-Ou-Mandel interference in the fiber beam splitter. The data points correspond to the number of coincidences between two APDs connected to both outputs of the fiber beam splitter (integration time 8 s). If the photons arrive within the coherence time sc ¼ 2:96 ps, they bunch and travel as pairs to the same detector, causing the correlations to disappear. At the same time, the number of photon pairs in both arms increases and follows the green dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-number-of-1-photon-accidental-2-photon-and-3ue31r9f.png FIG. 1. (a) The number of 1-photon, accidental 2-photon, and correlated 2-photon absorption events as a function of the pair production rate with gabs ¼ 2 10 3 and bin-size (dt) of 20 ps. The dashed line indicates the pair production rate in this experiment. (b) The ratio of correlated 2-photon events versus total (correlated and coincidental) 2-photon events as a function of pair production rate. (c) Count-rates caused by 1 photon events and by correlated 2-photon events as a function of SSPD energy scale in units of the single photon energy. (d) and (e) Single-photon (d) and 2-photon (e) count rates as a function of absorption probability gabs and SSPD energy scale. Line-cuts along the dotted lines give (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-sspd-counts-in-120-s-as-a-function-of-the-delay-z0afmma4.png FIG. 3. (a) SSPD counts (in 120 s) as a function of the delay between two photons forming a pair for several different bias currents. (b) Peak height and background level of the data in (a), indicating that at higher currents, the probability of detecting a single-photon (the background) grows faster than the probability of detecting a pair (the peak height). The solid line is the signal to noise ratio (peak height divided by background) using the right axis. (c) Same as (a), but for different SPDC pump powers. (d) Peak height and background level of the data in (c) and their ratio, showing that both the single- and pair-rates of the SPDC source depend linearly on the pump-power. https://scispace.com/papers/superconducting-intermediate-velocity-drift-tube-cavities-shb40b5y3p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-steering-deflection-angle-for-a-particle-of-unit-1gy4ju02.png Figure 4: Steering deflection angle for a particle of unit charge to mass ratio accelerated through a single 172.5 MHz lollipop-loaded cavity operating at 5 MV/m and a phase of -30 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transverse-horizontal-electric-field-along-the-beam-ersvxp80.png Figure 3: Transverse horizontal electric field along the beam axis of the 172.5 MHz lollipop-loaded accelerating structure, shown for two different drift-tube designs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-principal-parameters-of-the-cavities-1ubp296v.png Table 1: Principal parameters of the cavities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-voltage-gain-per-unit-charge-as-a-function-of-1nuobxtr.png Figure 2: Voltage gain per unit charge as a function of particle velocity for the two cavities, each operating at a gradient of 5 MV/m and a phase of -30 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-side-and-end-sectional-view-of-the-345-mhz-two-cell-1vhrmf9c.png Figure 1: Side and end sectional view of the 345 MHz two-cell spoke cavity, and end section of the 172.5 MHz twocell lollipop cavity. The housing OD is 48.6 cm for the spoke cavity and 51.6 cm for the lollipop. https://scispace.com/papers/superconducting-nbn-nanowires-and-coherent-quantum-phase-1eiqcemtlc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-design-used-for-the-sample-reported-here-with-a-6-um-1eq0s8j7.png Fig. 2. Design used for the sample reported here, with a 6-µm-long narrow NbN nanowire (black) in the centre broadening at each end to wider NbN inductors (magenta) contacted vertically close to their ends and horizontally at each end by gold wiring (gold!) which is in turn connected to ∼100-µm-long CrOx resistors (green; only part of these is shown). The insets are SEM images of a completed device, with the upper (lower) inset corresponding to the regions indicated schematically in the main panel by the red (purple) dashed rectangle. The lower inset shows an SEM image of the NbN nanowire (the usual contrast is inverted for clarity). The upper inset is a more detailed scan showing the change in nanowire width from the wider to the narrower section, shown with the usual contrast. The homogeneous grainy texture visible in each image is the semi-transparent gold conducting layer deposited on the surface after the device is completed, in order to enable imaging without charging. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-basic-circuit-required-for-a-cqps-current-standard-the-210t0de8.png Fig. 1. Basic circuit required for a CQPS current standard. The diamond symbol represents the CQPS element, which we are realising by a superconducting nanowire. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-i-v-for-the-nanowire-at-selected-temperatures-after-a-413twibu.png Fig. 4. I(V ) for the nanowire at selected temperatures after a resistance of 190.4 kΩ has been subtracted; a small voltage offset has also been subtracted. Lines have been added to show the sequence in which data points were collected. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-main-panel-r-t-for-the-nanowire-extracted-from-linear-1z7p6btk.png Fig. 3. (Main panel) R(T ) for the nanowire, extracted from linear fits to I(V ) data collected between ±50 nA, such as those shown in the inset, measured in a two-probe configuration because this sample had only two leads, so the CrOx resistors (total length 197.5 µm and width 1 µm and inductive nanowire section (total length 47 µm and width 110 nm) are also measured. Nonetheless, the change in measured resistance with temperature can be attributed entirely to the NbN nanowire (wider and narrower sections in series) since the interface contact resistance is negligible and independent measurements show that the resistance of the CrOx resistors does not vary significantly over the temperature range shown — as also indicated by the constancy of the resistance above Tc. (Inset) I(V ) for the nanowire at selected temperatures. In this plot, in order to show the extent of the linearity more clearly, a resistance of 190.4 kΩ has been subtracted and linear fits added; a small voltage offset has also been subtracted. https://scispace.com/papers/superconducting-open-gradient-magnetic-separation-for-the-47yixmtsn7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-source-term-list-for-condensed-phase-flow-transport-2jxi1xnx.png Table 2 Source Term List for Condensed Phase**Flow Transport Equations (size group k) , *?“< -i.(‘ L 1 Transport Equation Source Term https://scispace.com/papers/superconducting-properties-of-a-two-dimensional-doped-sk2e7t2ew2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-derivative-of-the-superconducting-critical-11q82v3r.png FIG. 4. The derivative of the superconducting critical temperature with respect to the doping as a function of doping. The values of the parameters are as in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-temperature-doping-phase-diagram-for-the-model-with-1uw0kbua.png FIG. 5. A temperature-doping phase diagram for the model with two gaps with V=0.5 eV, W=4 eV, TPG=0.3 eV and ins=4 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-as-in-fig-1-for-the-mean-field-critical-temperature-38kwpn5z.png FIG. 2. As in Fig. 1 for the mean-field critical temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-doping-dependence-of-the-superconducting-critical-1lz7i693.png FIG. 3. The doping dependence of the superconducting critical temperature for V=0.5 eV, W=4 eV and different values of the gap ins=0, 5, 10, and 12 eV from right to left . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-doping-dependence-of-the-superconducting-gap-for-v-2hej6xpw.png FIG. 1. The doping-dependence of the superconducting gap for V =0.15 eV, W=4 eV and different values of the gap ins=0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 eV from left to right . The discontinuity in the derivative / at = opt=0.165 corresponds to the critical density when the gap ins disappears. Here and in other figures by doping we mean the Fermi energy. https://scispace.com/papers/superconductivity-and-the-upper-critical-field-in-the-chiral-3lzxyilim0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-colour-online-a-temperature-dependence-of-the-dc-3vqeyudg.png Figure 1. (Colour online) (a) Temperature dependence of the dc magnetic susceptibility, χdc (T ), collected in zero-field-cooled warming (ZFCW) and field-cooled cooling (FCC) mode in an applied field of µ0H = 1 mT. (b) Magnetisation versus magnetic field at several temperatures for NbRh2B2 exhibits a behaviour typical for a type II superconductor. The data were collected in a VSM with the demagnetisation factor of the sample minimised. (c) Lower critical field, Hc1, versus temperature for NbRh2B2. The Hc1 values were taken to be the fields at which the magnetisation versus field data first deviate from linearity. The dashed line shows the fit using Eq. 1 giving µ0Hc1(0) = 4.6(1) mT. The inset shows the demagnetisation corrected residuals for linear fit to M versus H at several temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-superconducting-gap-parameters-for-nbrh2b2-extracted-pjqsdqhr.png Table 1. Superconducting gap parameters for NbRh2B2 extracted from fits to the temperature dependence of the inverse penetration depth squared λ−2 (T ) in the clean and the dirty limits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-colour-online-zero-field-usr-spectra-of-nbrh2b2-btr9u683.png Figure 4. (Colour online) Zero-field µSR spectra of NbRh2B2 above (10 K) and below (0.3 K) the superconducting transition. No measurable difference in the relaxation of the asymmetry between the two spectra indicates that time-reversal symmetry is preserved in NbRh2B2. The dotted and dashed line shows the fit to the two spectra using a Gaussian Kubo-Toyabe function. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-colour-online-a-temperature-dependence-of-the-36b8s1d4.png Figure 7. (Colour online) (a) Temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity for NbRh2B2 in applied magnetic fields up to 9 T. (b) Specific heat divided by temperature C (T ) /T as a function of T 2 for NbRh2B2 in various applied magnetic fields. (c) Upper critical field as a function of temperature for NbRh2B2 where the Hc2 (T ) points were extracted from the Tc in heat capacity and electrical resistivity as a function temperature and field. Fits using the WHH and GL models are shown by the dashed and the dashed-dotted lines respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-colour-online-temperature-dependence-of-a-the-39pcyiii.png Figure 2. (Colour online) Temperature dependence of (a) the imaginary part of ac susceptibility, χ′′ (T ), and (b) the real part of ac susceptibility, χ′ (T ) for NbRh2B2 in dc applied fields of up to 5 T. A sharp superconducting transition can be seen at 7.50 (5) K in zero dc field. In dc fields above Hc1 the transition broadens slightly and shifts to lower T . χ′′ (T ) indicates that there is considerable vortex motion at higher fields. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-colour-online-zero-field-specific-heat-of-nbrh2b2-1yp9u5fb.png Figure 6. (Colour online) Zero-field specific heat of NbRh2B2 with the phonon contribution subtracted divided by γnT where γn is the Sommerfeld coefficient. Fits to the data between Tc and 1.5 K are shown using a single-gap isotropic s-wave model (light purple) and an isotropic two-gap (s+ s)-wave (blue) model. The inset shows that the zero-field specific heat has a T 3 dependence as demonstrated by the linear fit to specific heat divided by temperature as a function of T 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-colour-online-pressure-dependence-of-the-cuzuoeow.png Figure 5. (Colour online) Pressure dependence of the superconducting transition temperature, Tc, for NbRh2B2. A small decrease in the transition temperature can be seen for increasing pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-colour-online-a-time-dependent-transverse-field-usr-2cucezmg.png Figure 3. (Colour online) (a) Time-dependent transverse-field µSR spectra for NbRh2B2 collected in the normal and superconducting state. The spectra were fit using Eq. 2 (solid lines) which models the Gaussian relaxation of the oscillatory signal due to the effects of the flux-line lattice. In the normal state the Gaussian relaxation observed below Tc is reduced but still exists due to a randomly oriented array of nuclear moments. (b) Inverse square of the penetration depth, λ−2, as a function of temperature for NbRh2B2. The fits to the data using Eqs. 5 and 7 for the oneand two-gap models in the clean limit are shown by the lines. The inset shows the low-temperature data and fits on an expanded scale. https://scispace.com/papers/superconducting-rf-materials-other-than-bulk-niobium-a-4qj2n6er8g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-32-tem-cross-section-of-a-lafeaso1-xfx-thin-film-a-2z2wox2s.png Figure 32. TEM cross-section of a LaFeAsO1-xFx thin film (a) and its resistivity as a function of temperature (b), from [145], copyright 2010 The American Physical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-bcs-surface-resistance-at-1-5-ghz-as-a-function-3mh7o77r.png Figure 4. The BCS surface resistance at 1.5 GHz as a function of Nb purity. The abscissa is equal to 1 in the limit of electron mean free path ¥l (from [14], copyright 1999 Elsevier). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-modified-structure-zone-diagram-from-45-copyright-3joho6x8.png Figure 10. Modified structure zone diagram from [45], copyright 2010 Elsevier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-31-oxypnictides-structure-from-137-copyright-2008-njuhfit2.png Figure 31. Oxypnictides structure from [137], copyright 2008 Nature Publishing Group (a); anion height dependence of Tc for Fe-based superconductors, from [139], copyright 2010 IOP Publishing Inc. (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-34-examples-of-magnetic-field-attenuations-in-a-jqwi5k14.png Figure 34. Examples of magnetic field attenuations in a typical multilayered structure for NbN and Nb3Sn, from [148], copyright 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-33-distribution-of-the-magnetic-field-h-x-in-a-sis-1sd3qcbe.png Figure 33.Distribution of the magnetic field h (x) in a SIS multilayer of total thickness d (a)from [147], copyright 2015 AIP Publishing LLC; enhancement of flux penetration field Hfp (or effective Hc1) as a function of thickness for a superconducting thin film with a coherence length ξ of 5 nm. The dashed line corresponds to =H 170c1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-hipims-cavity-deposition-system-used-at-cern-a-igqpwcdg.png Figure 15. HIPIMS cavity deposition system used at CERN (a); quality factor at 4.2 and 2.1 K of two elliptical single cell cavities, produced by dc-MS and HIPIMS sputtering (b); SEM (c) and TEM cross-section (d) for a HIPIMS Nb film [74, 75]; courtesy of Terenziani and Calatroni. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-phase-diagram-for-the-v-si-system-109-copyright-kd9aryet.png Figure 25. Phase diagram for the V–Si system [109], copyright 1995 Springer US (a); RRR curve for V3Si versus Si content from [5] (b). https://scispace.com/papers/superconductivity-and-topological-aspects-of-the-rocksalt-3u4uh54ct1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-superfluid-density-vs-temperature-as-determined-from-2urt9qcp.png FIG. 8. Superfluid density vs temperature, as determined from TF-μSR measurements in an applied magnetic field of 50 mT for (a) NbC and 60 mT for (b) TaC. The insets show the temperature dependence of the muon-spin relaxation rate σ (T ) and of the diamagnetic shift [ B(T ) = 〈B〉 − Bappl.]. Two σ values are required to describe the TF-μSR data of TaC, while NbC requires only one σ [see details in Fig. 7(c)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-normalized-electronic-specific-heat-ce-gnt-vs-reduced-39ye0rvr.png FIG. 9. Normalized electronic specific heat Ce/γnT vs reduced temperature T/Tc for NbC (a) and TaC (b). Here γn is the normalstate electronic specific-heat coefficient. The measured specific heat C/T vs T 2 are shown in the insets. The dashed lines in the insets are fits to C/T = γn + βT 2 + δT 4 for T > Tc, while the solid lines in the main panel represent the electronic specific heat calculated by considering a fully gapped s-wave model for T Tc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-room-temperature-x-ray-powder-diffraction-pattern-and-3080fa01.png FIG. 1. Room-temperature x-ray powder diffraction pattern and Rietveld refinements for TaC. The open red circles and the solid black line represent the experimental pattern and the refinement profile, respectively. The blue line at the bottom shows the residuals, i.e., the difference between the calculated and the experimental data. The vertical bars mark the calculated Bragg-peak positions. The cubic crystal structure (unit cell) is shown in the inset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-electronic-band-structures-of-a-nbc-and-b-tac-1noh3tfn.png FIG. 10. Electronic band structures of (a) NbC and (b) TaC, calculated by considering (solid colored lines) and by ignoring (dashdotted gray lines) the spin-orbit coupling. The d orbitals in Nd or Ta and the p orbitals in C are presented in blue and red colors, respectively. The inset in (b) shows the detailed band structure around the point. The total and partial (Nb or Ta and C atoms) density of states with SOC are shown on the right side of the panel. The primitive cell Brillouin zone, including the high-symmetry points, is shown on the top panel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-field-dependent-magnetization-m-h-t-collected-at-3nfiawcw.png FIG. 3. (a) Field-dependent magnetization M(H, T ) collected at various temperatures, (b) temperature-dependent magnetization M(T,H ), and (c) specific heat C(T,H )/T measured in various applied magnetic fields for NbC. The analogous results for the TaC samples are presented in panels (d)–(f), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-magnetic-susceptibility-of-nbc-and-tac-vs-152gndcf.png FIG. 2. (a) Magnetic susceptibility of NbC and TaC vs temperature, measured in an applied field of 5 mT using both ZFC and FC protocols. (b) Estimated lower critical field μ0Hc1 vs temperature for NbC and TaC. The solid lines are fits to μ0Hc1(T ) = μ0Hc1(0)[1 − (T/Tc )2]. Field-dependent magnetization recorded at various temperatures up to Tc are shown in (c) for NbC and (d) for TaC. For each temperature, the lower critical field μ0Hc1 was determined as the value where M(H ) starts deviating from linearity (see dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-close-up-view-of-the-nbc-electronic-band-structure-tu8hjnak.png FIG. 11. (a) Close-up view of the NbC electronic band structure. The bands crossing the Fermi level are highlighted in red, green, and blue. (b)–(d) Representative Fermi surfaces of NbC using the same color code of the bands shown in (a). Very similar Fermi surfaces were found also in the TaC case. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-normal-and-superconducting-state-properties-of-nbc-2r7d29e4.png TABLE I. Normal- and superconducting-state properties of NbC and TaC, as determined from magnetization, specific-heat, and μSR measurements, as well as from electronic band-structure calculations. https://scispace.com/papers/superconductivity-in-the-presence-of-strong-pauli-4ozho352kx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-transition-temperatures-7-t-t-atb-0-0-5-and-1-t-as-2l41bsg1.png TABLE I. Transition temperatures 7, ~, T, ", T atB =0, 0.5, and 1 T as obtained in repeated experiments. Also given are the reduced transiton temperatures t (i) Z 4) yT (() (0 ()) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-x-ray-photoemission-spectrum-of-the-c-1s-electrons-of-1ruljg6b.png FIG. 1. X-ray photoemission spectrum of the C 1s electrons of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. The solid line represents a least-squares fit to the data between the arrows {see text for details}. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-molar-specific-heat-of-cecuqsi2-at-b-0-as-function-of-1j2wdk5p.png FIG. 2. Molar specific heat of CeCuqSi2 at B =0 as function of temperature on logarithmic scale. Arrow marks transition temperature T, ~'=0.51+0.04 K. Transition width determined as in Fig. 1. Inset shows in a C/T vs T plot the specific-heat jumps of two other CeCu2Si2 samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-resistivity-main-part-and-low-field-ac-susceptibility-bh4hsg12.png FIG. 1. X-ray photoemission spectrum of the C 1s electrons of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. The solid line represents a least-squares fit to the data between the arrows {see text for details}. https://scispace.com/papers/superconformal-flavor-simplified-i4yqqv2c7o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-r-charges-of-our-toy-model-with-one-light-generation-1xe0nxb2.png Table 2. R-charges of our toy model with one light generation (table 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-27-couplings-t1xq-t2xaq-2g2w1cqi.png Table 27. Couplings T1XQ+ T2XAQ. https://scispace.com/figures/table-25-couplings-t1xbq-t2qbq-3o737l59.png Table 25. Couplings T1XB̄Q+ T2Q̄BQ̄. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-r-charges-in-the-10-5-1model-with-the-superpotential-1ik50l96.png Table 4. R-charges in the 10+5+1model with the superpotential W = T1XQ+T2X̄S assumed to be marginal. The last three columns give: the SU(5)GUT anomaly A, the position of the SU(5)GUT Landau pole assuming α5(Λc) = 1/25, and the phenomenologically required size for the conformal window. We have assumed the presence of an additional GUT-breaking adjoint above Λc. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-matter-content-of-a-toy-model-with-one-light-35dlk9aj.png Table 1. Matter content of a toy model with one light generation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-r-charges-in-the-sp-2n-model-with-the-68wvo0pf.png Table 10. R-charges in the Sp(2N) model with the superpotential W = T1Q̄Q̄+T2Q̄AQ̄+Tr[A 3]. assumed to be marginal. Note that the QQ and Q̄Q operators becoming free results in a significant negative contribution to A. https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-matter-content-of-the-dual-description-of-the-sp-2n-2i4y1we0.png Table 12. Matter content of the dual description of the Sp(2N) model deformed by Tr[Ak+1]. The mesons M jQQ (j = 1, . . . , k) correspond to the operators QA j−1Q in the electric theory. Similarly, M j Q̄Q ∼ Q̄Aj−1Q and M j Q̄Q̄ ∼ Q̄Aj−1Q̄. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-matter-content-of-the-10-5-1-model-3078z12q.png Table 3. Matter content of the 10+ 5+ 1 model. https://scispace.com/papers/superconductivity-induced-transverse-plasma-mode-and-phonon-2vwa6v0f6d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-and-b-temperature-dependent-far-infrared-3pvx4zwg.png FIG. 6. (a) and (b) Temperature-dependent far-infrared reflectivity spectra of polycrystalline RbCa2(Fe(1−y)Niy )4As4F2 with y = 0.01 and 0.05. (c) Comparison of the reflectivity spectra at 10 K of RbCa2(Fe(1−y)Niy )4As4F2 with y = 0, 0.01, and 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-and-b-fits-of-the-c-axis-reflectivity-spectra-with-15ijhb83.png FIG. 7. (a) and (b) Fits of the c-axis reflectivity spectra with the multilayer model for RbCa2(Fe(1−y)Niy )4As4F2 with y = 0.01 and 0.05 at 35 K just above Tc and 7 K well below Tc. (c)–(f) Comparison of the local conductivities of the intrabilayer region σ bl1 (ω) and the interbilayer region σ int1 (ω) for RbCa2(Fe(1−y)Niy )4As4F2 with y = 0, 0.01, and 0.05 at representative temperatures of 35 and 7 K. The insets show the evolution of the corresponding normal-state and SC plasma frequencies as a function of the Ni concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sketch-of-the-bilayer-type-crystal-structure-of-3vmidfre.png FIG. 1. (a) Sketch of the bilayer-type crystal structure of ACa2Fe4As4F2 (A = Rb, Cs). (b) Far-infrared reflectivity spectra of polycrystalline RbCa2Fe4As4F2 at several temperatures above and below Tc 30 K. (c) Comparison of the reflectivity spectrum of the polycrystalline sample Rpoly, the in-plane spectrum Rab as measured on a corresponding Cs-12442 crystal (from Ref. [31]), and the derived c-axis spectrum using Rc = 3Rpoly − 2Rab. (d) Temperature dependence of the derived c-axis spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-temperature-dependence-of-magnetic-susceptibility-33k7knff.png FIG. 2. Temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility measured at 10 Oe in FC mode for the bilayer iron-based superconductor RbCa2(Fe1−yNiy )4As4F2 with y = 0, 0.01, and 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-fits-of-a-the-reflectivity-b-the-dielectric-function-1jdtliov.png FIG. 8. Fits of (a) the reflectivity, (b) the dielectric function, and (c) the real part of optical conductivity spectra with the effective medium approximation for polycrystalline RbCa2Fe4As4F2 at 7 K. The c-axis response of (d) the reflectivity, (e) the dielectric function, and (f) the real part of the optical conductivity at 7 K after subtraction of the sharp phonon modes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-fits-of-the-c-axis-reflectivity-spectra-with-the-15clxnzy.png FIG. 3. (a) Fits of the c-axis reflectivity spectra with the multilayer model for RbCa2Fe4As4F2 at 35 K just above Tc and at 7 K well below Tc. (b) Real part of the dielectric function, (c) loss function, and (d) optical conductivity at 35 and 7 K after subtraction of the sharp phonon modes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-local-conductivities-of-a-the-intrabilayer-region-2rfor770.png FIG. 4. The local conductivities of (a) the intrabilayer region σ bl1 (ω) and (b) the interbilayer region σ int 1 (ω) at 300, 35, and 7 K. Temperature dependences of the obtained values of the fitting parameters, the squared plasma frequency and broadening of the Drude term, 2pD and γD, and the squared plasma frequency of the SC condensate 2pS that is proportional to the spectral weight of the SC δ function for (c) and (d) the intrabilayer and (e) and (f) the interbilayer response, respectively. The γD values of 40 and 110 cm−1, respectively, were obtained by fitting the 7 K data and were kept fixed for higher temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-temperature-dependence-of-the-line-shape-of-the-rb-2l8szvrf.png FIG. 5. (a) Temperature dependence of the line shape of the Rb phonon mode. (b)–(e) Temperature dependences of the resonance frequency ω0,ph, the linewidth γph, the oscillator strength 2ph, and the parameter βph of the phonon as obtained from a fit with an asymmetric Lorentz function. The vertical dashed line denotes the superconducting transition temperature Tc. https://scispace.com/papers/superconductivity-upper-critical-field-and-anomalous-normal-25kzmeltu9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-p-t-phase-diagram-of-cepd2si2-compared-to-both-the-u7q4orq7.png Fig. 2. The P T phase diagram of CePd2Si2 compared to both the results obtained in a Bridgman type pressure cell7 and in an another piston-cylinder type cell.4 Both the antiferromagnetic transition temperature, TN , and the superconducting one multiplied by a factor of 5, 5Tc , are shown. Tc is determined by the transition onset here. For our data, the error bars on TN are less than the symbol size. Solid lines are a guide for the eye only. The inset shows several examples of the resistivity versus temperature curves, where the kink corresponds to the antiferromagnetic transition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-temperature-dependence-of-the-upper-critical-field-at-1negv6bx.png Fig. 6. Temperature dependence of the upper critical field at P=26.7 kbar measured for both principal orientations of the field. Lines are fits in a weak coupling clean limit model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-oscillation-spectra-of-the-torque-signal-with-the-30gjiajn.png Fig. 1. Oscillation spectra of the torque signal with the magnetic field parallel to the tetragonal c axis. The inset shows the temperature dependence of the oscillation amplitude. The solid line is a fit to the Lifshitz Kosevich temperature damping factor that allows the determination of the effective mass. https://scispace.com/papers/superconductivity-of-ultra-fine-tungsten-nanowires-grown-by-1yaf9cf6aj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-temperature-dependent-normalized-resistance-of-15qzx4ti.png Fig. 3. (a) The temperature dependent normalized resistance of the tungsten nanowires that is https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-top-view-image-of-a-typical-four-terminal-2z1c45w8.png Fig. 2 SEM top view image of a typical four terminal configuration of a lateral tungsten nanowires that is 19 nm wide and 10 nm thick for electrical property measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sem-top-view-image-of-lateral-tungsten-nanowires-207nz297.png Fig. 1. (a) SEM top view image of lateral tungsten nanowires grown with a 1 pA ion beam current, using exposure time of 10, 15, 25, 35, 40 and 50s respectively; (b) wire width and peak height (measured by atomic force microscope) as a function of the exposure time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-normalized-resistance-vs-temperature-of-the-19-32-and-28ta9ssx.png Fig. 4. Normalized resistance vs temperature of the 19, 32 and 61 nm wide nanowires with normalized resistance in the log plot, showing distinct transition characteristics. https://scispace.com/papers/supercooling-point-frequency-distributions-in-collembola-are-49muhhzpon 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-stratified-variations-in-supercooling-point-gvo4ok40.png Fig. 4. Stratified variations in supercooling point distribution between animals (a) in vegetation; (b) in litter/upper soil. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-supercooling-point-distribution-of-ceratophysella-3atqy18p.png Fig. 2. Supercooling point distribution of Ceratophysella denticulata (a) fed for 1 day after moulting (cf. Fig. 1d) then starved on distilled water for 2 days at 15 °C; (b) repeat measurement of selected individuals in the premoult stage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-supercooling-point-scp-distribution-in-the-collembola-232jag10.png Fig. 1. Supercooling point (SCP) distribution in the Collembola Ceratophysella denticulata from (a) an arbitrary field sample; (b) premoulting animals from the same main sample; (c) recently moulted animals; (d) recently moulted animals that had been fed for 1 day (10 °C). https://scispace.com/papers/supercritical-co2-recompression-brayton-cycle-completed-1rbjwojtvd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-10-watlow-immersion-heating-element-130-kw-heating-1yozzw49.png Figure 2-10. Watlow immersion heating element (130-kW heating capacity). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-solidworks-schematic-of-the-delivered-split-flow-387peo3c.png Figure 2-1. SolidWorks schematic of the delivered split-flow recompression loop. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-8-s-co2-high-temperature-pche-recuperator-1f0ro2al.png Figure 2-8. S-CO2 high-temperature PCHE recuperator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-14-overspeed-resistor-cabinet-10upbzia.png Figure 2-14. Overspeed resistor cabinet. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-approximate-dimensions-of-the-ht-pche-recuperator-yvic2ulx.png Table 2-1. Approximate Dimensions of the HT PCHE Recuperator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-16-gui-that-displays-the-ta-operational-data-2em0k6k6.png Figure 2-16. GUI that displays the TA operational data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-9-s-co2-lt-pche-recuperator-2j3ko1vu.png Figure 2-9. S-CO2 LT PCHE recuperator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-12-evaporative-cooler-3rf0wq3g.png Figure 2-12. Evaporative Cooler. https://scispace.com/papers/supercritical-water-gasification-of-glycerol-for-hydrogen-3fp7b2o3au 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-composition-of-the-synthesis-gas-mixture-product-27m4ueon.png Fig. 4. Composition of the synthesis gas mixture product obtained according to the objective of optimization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-minitab-results-from-the-optimizer-for-the-hydrogen-e3fu4mnq.png Fig. 3. Minitab results from the optimizer for the hydrogen production. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-surface-plot-of-h2-yield-2f1bfjy4.png Fig. 1. Surface plot of H2 yield https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-contour-plot-for-h2-production-residence-time-40-min-284g77gm.png Fig. 2. Contour plot for H2 production (residence time= 40 min, Pressure= 23MPa, 0,6 wt% of KOH as catalyst). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-2piupjug.png Table II: https://scispace.com/papers/supercritical-co2-extraction-of-tetraclinis-articulata-3sh1htz04r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-influence-of-the-pressure-on-the-t-articulata-e0dax4ll.png Fig. 3. Influence of the pressure on the T. articulata extraction yield for 1.5 mm particles, a CO2 flow rate of 20 g/min, T = 40 ◦C and extraction duration 30 min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-t-articulata-volatile-oil-yield-for-1-5-mm-particles-14r1mwmj.png Fig. 7. T. articulata volatile oil yield for 1.5 mm particles size, pressure 90 bar and temperature 40 ◦C at different CO2 flow rates with Reis-Vasco model (first part only). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-influence-of-the-temperature-on-the-t-articulata-29ljsswr.png Fig. 2. Influence of the temperature on the T. articulata volatile oil yield for 1.5 mm particles as a function of the extraction time at P = 90 bar and WCO2 = 20 g/ min. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-total-phenolics-content-and-antioxidant-activity-of-1wet7u85.png Table 3 Total phenolics content and antioxidant activity of T. articulata extracts obtained by SFE at different pressures and by HD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-t-articulata-volatile-oil-yield-for-1-5-mm-particles-1xmg99ao.png Fig. 4. T. articulata volatile oil yield for 1.5 mm particles at different CO2 flow rates as a function of the extraction time (a) and a function of amount of CO2 referred to initial amount of plant material (PM) (b) at T = 40 ◦C and P = 90 bar. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-t-articulata-volatile-oil-yield-for-different-mean-1h8c1d1p.png Fig. 5. T. articulata volatile oil yield for different mean particle sizes at a CO2 flow rate of 20 g/min, temperature 40 ◦C and pressure 90 bar. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sem-images-of-a-section-of-t-articulata-ground-leaves-9ifm4bbu.png Fig. 6. SEM images of a section of T. articulata ground leaves before SFE (a) and leaves after SFE at 1000 bar, 40 ◦C (b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chemical-composition-obtained-by-gc-ms-abundance-2-yt8yures.png Table 2 Chemical composition obtained by GC–MS (abundance >2%) and global yield of T. articulata extracts obtained by SFE at different pressures and by HD. https://scispace.com/papers/superconductivity-its-role-its-success-and-its-setbacks-in-3tjozpq7g1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-critical-current-of-the-entire-production-of-the-28n8v4rz.png Figure 4. Critical current of the entire production of the largest LHC cable (two manufacturers), compared with specification. Weakest cables are indicated: for most cables the margin is more than 10%. Courtesy of A.Verwej – CERN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-typical-wires-and-rutherford-cables-employed-for-1tk7hq7m.png Figure 3. Typical wires and Rutherford cables employed for LHC magnets. The red dashed lines show the trapezoidal shape (keystone) of the cable cross section. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sketch-of-an-ideal-dipole-cross-section-and-coil-1guzpgx0.png Figure 9. Sketch of an ideal dipole, cross section and coil shape,left; Cross section of the LHC dipole with its main components, right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-load-line-of-the-lhc-dipoles-left-and-stability-3u5eo6zr.png Figure 13. Load line of the LHC dipoles (left) and stability measurements (right). The most important are the large squares (1.9 K), namely H1 and H16, near the edge of the cable. Vertical arrows indicate operational point at nominal (8.3 T) and ultimate field (9 T). Courtesy of A. Verwej and G. Willering – CERN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-scheme-of-the-defective-joint-assumed-to-have-ekuxul4b.png Figure 19. Scheme of the defective joint assumed to have caused the incident. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-magnetization-measured-in-strands-orange-squares-3jqgf7wg.png Figure 5. Magnetization measured in strands (orange squares) and the average in the corresponding cable (black circles superimposed), 5.a left; micrographs of cross section of the strands, 5b right, showing good filaments (top left) and cases of deformed filaments: the worst, bottom right, corresponds to µ0∆M > 35 mT. Courtesy of S. Le Naour – CERN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-delivery-of-the-lhc-main-superconducting-cable-unit-3d2l1yci.png Figure 8. Delivery of the LHC main superconducting cable unit lengths (UL1 = cable for dipole inner layer; UL2 = outer layer). The most important feature is that from the beginning of 2002 the cable delivery was in advance of the needs of magnet companies (CMA - Cold Mass Assembler - in the graph). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-sextupole-components-of-lhc-main-dipoles-as-fedol30a.png Figure 12. Sextupole components of LHC main dipoles as measured at room temperature (I=8 A) in industry during construction. The two interventions for changing the cross section are indicated by vertical dashed lines. Courtesy of E. Todesco – CERN. https://scispace.com/papers/superflares-on-ordinary-solar-type-stars-xdzpe1rha5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-o50gyq25.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1rkqd4xf.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/papers/superfluid-high-reynolds-von-karman-experiment-47t0rgcube 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-insertion-of-the-saturated-bath-covered-with-mli-into-2zs829fd.png FIG. 8. Insertion of the saturated bath (covered with MLI) into the Multipurpose cryostat. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-shrek-simplified-flow-diagram-2ymkgph1.png FIG. 7. SHREK simplified flow diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-cool-down-the-helium-level-is-measured-inside-the-32s766uc.png FIG. 9. Cool down. The helium level is measured inside the saturated bath. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-velocity-power-spectra-in-co-current-von-karman-1igcsrj9.png FIG. 14. Velocity power spectra in co-current von Kármán configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-calorimetric-empty-circles-and-hydraulic-squares-bklmdg69.png FIG. 13. Calorimetric (empty circles) and hydraulic (squares) power measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sketch-of-the-shrek-experiment-with-the-von-karman-2rs1dzy9.png FIG. 1. Sketch of the SHREK experiment with the von Kármán cell (780 mm in diameter), its 83 copper pipes providing heat exchange between the VK cell and the saturated bath enclosed itself in a large tank (1.1 m in diameter, 2.8 m height). The whole assembly is hung to a flange (top of the figure), which is the upper flange of the “Multipurpose cryostat.” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-von-karman-experiment-with-top-and-bottom-flanges-32j7btsm.png FIG. 3. The von Kármán experiment with top and bottom flanges, upper and lower propellers (left) and its outer chamber with ports (right). Copper heat exchangers can be seen (upper left). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-geometry-of-the-lower-impeller-and-additional-pd26wvx8.png FIG. 2. Geometry of the (lower) impeller and additional aluminium disk below. https://scispace.com/papers/superhalogen-properties-of-cumcln-clusters-theory-and-2kgs9s6d9k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-theoretical-and-experimental-eas-of-cumcln-m-1-2-n-1-3ogohbn0.png TABLE I. Theoretical and experimental EAs of CumCln (m = 1, 2; n = 1–5) clusters and VDEs of CumCln− (m = 1 and 2; n = 1–5) clusters. All values are given in eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-typical-mass-spectrum-of-cumcln-clusters-generated-in-21xax9io.png FIG. 3. Typical mass spectrum of CumCln− clusters generated in PACIS. The insets show selected magnified portions of the mass spectrum, revealing the expected isotope patterns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-photoelectron-spectra-of-cucln-n-2-4-cluster-anions-11i0r3kl.png FIG. 4. Photoelectron spectra of CuCln−(n = 2– 4) cluster anions recorded with 193 nm photons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-photoelectron-spectra-of-cu2cln-n-3-and-4-cluster-115aeh57.png FIG. 5. Photoelectron spectra of Cu2Cln−(n = 3 and 4) cluster anions recorded with 193 nm photons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-optimized-geometries-of-neutral-and-anionic-cu2cln-n-2-1spow1y0.png FIG. 6. Optimized geometries of neutral and anionic Cu2Cln (n = 2–5) clusters. The green spheres represent chlorine atoms, while the red spheres are copper atoms. All the bond lengths are given in Angstroms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-lowest-energy-and-few-higher-energy-isomers-of-jsc4yq2j.png FIG. 1. The lowest energy and few higher energy isomers of neutral and anionic CuCln clusters. The green spheres represent chlorine atoms, while the red spheres are copper atoms. All the bond lengths are given in Angstroms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-fragmentation-channels-for-cu2cln-n-2-5-clusters-are-3m4u9moz.png FIG. 7. Fragmentation channels for Cu2Cln− (n = 2–5) clusters are shown to describe the preferred product. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-calculated-a-fragmentation-energies-in-ev-filled-2qw2u2z8.png FIG. 2. Calculated (a) fragmentation energies (in eV): filled symbols show that the preferable channel consist of a Cl2 molecule rather than atomic Cl (see the text for the preferred channels for each cluster) and (b) charge on Cu atom in CuCln clusters. https://scispace.com/papers/superheating-in-coated-niobium-2kj67aua66 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-on-the-top-it-is-shown-that-for-small-thicknesses-of-aqj1f77l.png FIG. 3. On the top it is shown that for small thicknesses of normal conducting layers, an SNS system should have a higher superheating field than an SN system. For large thicknesses of normal conducting layers, there is only a depression, as there are essentially just 2 independent SN systems, as Cooper pairs do not travel across the normal conducting layer. The reason for the depressed superheating field for large N is the local depression at the interface from the normal conducting layer, as opposed to a vacuum/insulator layer. On the bottom is ∆H = HSNS − HSN, as a function of the thickness of the N layer. https://scispace.com/papers/superhydrophobicity-or-icephobicity-for-an-effective-icing-56v5tfoxoq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-water-drop-impacting-on-shs-teflon-at-different-6vujjxkn.png Fig. 4: Water drop impacting on SHS-Teflon at different surface temperatures, ST . The surface is unfrosted for case a ( 10ST C ) and frosted for case b ( 12ST C ). Drop impact conditions are: 0 2.8mmD , 3.4 m/sV ( 340We ); drop temperature before impact is 0DT C . https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-standard-ice-protection-systems-4iqohnvm.png Table 1: Standard ice protection systems https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-different-icing-mitigation-coating-3peqig8n.png Fig. 1: Schematic of different icing mitigation coating strategies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-ice-accretion-on-a-wing-a-hydrophilic-2413lehx.png Fig. 2: Schematic of ice accretion on a wing: a) hydrophilic wing; b) superhydrophobic wing. Inset pictures wings top view, showing runback ice accretion on a hydrophilic wing and an ice-free superhydrophobic wing in the same environmental conditions (see text and [19] for details). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-surfaces-used-for-drop-impact-2vqyb0ga.png Table 2: Characteristics of surfaces used for drop impact tests: advancing, A , and receding, R , contact angles, contact angle hysteresis, A R , surface mean roughness, aR , rms roughness, qR , and material effusivity. Standard deviation for contact angles is ±2°. https://scispace.com/papers/superintegrability-on-the-two-dimensional-hyperboloid-ii-tmoozo5fcy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-superintegrable-potentials-dr64ela6.png TABLE I. Superintegrable potentials. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-domain-of-convergence-2bvmf446.png FIG. 1. Domain of convergence. https://scispace.com/papers/superior-pedicle-mastopexy-with-the-three-fat-glandular-flap-4w5hwd2j51 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-lateral-flaps-are-folded-onto-the-central-one-1vec5l4u.png Fig. 2. The lateral flaps are folded onto the central one. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-lower-pole-of-breast-parenchyma-is-divided-into-378qi0y1.png Fig. 1. The lower pole of breast parenchyma is divided into three portions. https://scispace.com/papers/superiority-of-step-up-approach-vs-open-necrosectomy-in-long-4zqynmcee2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-outcome-of-step-up-approach-and-open-necrosectomy-of-2eb1b757.png Table 2. Outcome of step-up approach and open necrosectomy of survivors at long-term follow up. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-quality-of-life-of-60-patients-at-long-term-follow-3fsgzkh6.png Table 3. Quality of life of 60 patients at long-term follow up after treatment for necrotizing pancreatitis.* https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-endpoints-according-to-treatment-group-in-13494hzz.png Table 1. Clinical endpoints according to treatment group in 88 patients included in the PANTER trial. Original follow-up period plus long-term follow up New events during long-term follow up https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-health-care-resource-utilization-according-to-aj53myys.png Table 4. Health care resource utilization according to treatment group in 88 patients included in the PANTER trial. Original follow-up period plus long-term follow up New events during long-term follow up https://scispace.com/papers/superparamagnetic-nano-biocomposites-for-application-as-1z1jz0excb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-magnetization-curve-of-the-magnetite-nanoparticles-schea0hy.png Fig. 4. Magnetization curve of the magnetite nanoparticles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dsc-curves-of-the-nano-biocomposites-3hakltd5.png Fig. 5. DSC curves of the nano-biocomposites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-transmission-electron-micrograph-and-b-size-2ohqemfj.png Fig. 3. (a) transmission electron micrograph and (b) size distribution of magnetite nanoparticles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-tg-and-b-dtg-curves-of-the-nano-biocomposites-2cugzixd.png Fig. 6. (a) TG and (b) DTG curves of the nano-biocomposites. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-the-nano-biocomposite-with-magnetite-n81g6m59.png Table 1 Composition of the nano-biocomposite with magnetite 1%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-composition-of-the-nano-biocomposite-with-magnetite-1n28vrcq.png Table 2 Composition of the nano-biocomposite with magnetite 5%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-composition-of-the-nano-biocomposite-with-magnetite-21tls870.png Table 3 Composition of the nano-biocomposite with magnetite 10%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-magnetization-curves-of-the-nano-biocomposites-fig-10-nnw7ro30.png Fig. 8. Magnetization curves of the nano-biocomposites. Fig. 10. Biodegradation profile of the nano-biocomposites. https://scispace.com/papers/supersaturation-variability-and-cirrus-ice-crystal-size-4ujuver757 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-simulated-temporal-evolution-of-the-fraction-of-1886329r.png FIG. 4. (a) Simulated temporal evolution of the fraction of cloudy air that is supersaturated, obtained from cloudresolving simulations of a midlatitude cirrus cloud (Fig. 3) by averaging s over the upper (solid curve) and lower (dashed curve) cloud regions representing small and large mode ice crystals (ML-S and ML-L, respectively). Time evolution of the (b) average ice saturation ratio and (c) damping and (d) growth rates in both regions. Ice crystals nucleate in the upper cloud region only after 30min. Data inML-L start later than inML-S since the ice crystals need to settle to lower levels first; the time required for cloud variables in ML-L to be properly defined is about 1 h. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ice-crystal-size-distributions-vs-volume-equivalent-26kbting.png FIG. 6. Ice crystal size distributions vs volume-equivalent sphere radius from the APE-THESEO campaign (Peter et al. 2003) (curves with symbols, connected with lines to guide the eye) and from our model for TT-L cirrus subject to weak supersaturation fluctuations. The two curves without symbols are model results taken at times t5 15 (dashed, u5 1.5) and t5 40min (solid, u5 4) after onset of supersaturation variability. The initial distribution is shown in Fig. 5a. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-normalized-water-flux-due-to-ice-crystal-sedimentation-2whtn5d8.png FIG. 7. Normalized water flux due to ice crystal sedimentation in tropical tropopause cirrus vs damping factor (bottom axis) or equivalent supersaturation relaxation time (top axis). Circles (squares) assume weak (strong) forcing and represent different times after onset of supersaturation variability; filled symbols are lower-limit values (see text). The simulations interpolate between low and high ice crystal number concentration TT cirrus in terms of the ability of these clouds to dampen the fluctuations by ice growth. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-snapshots-of-a-b-ice-saturation-ratio-and-c-d-ice-3b713vyq.png FIG. 3. Snapshots of (a),(b) ice saturation ratio and (c),(d) ice water content in amidlatitude cirrus cloud (caseML) taken from high-resolution large-eddy simulations [using 30 (20) m horizontal (vertical) resolution] about (a),(c) 1 and (b),(d) 3 h after in situ formation. According to observations, this regional cirrus cloud system was produced by slow uplift in air flowing northeasterly over mountainous terrain. The mature cloud extends over more than 3.5 km in the vertical. The simulations reveal a dramatic spatial variability of relative humidity and condensate, implying a similarly pronounced variability in damping and growth rates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulated-ice-crystal-size-pdfs-at-different-times-for-1nijcgtm.png FIG. 5. Simulated ice crystal size PDFs at different times for (a) TT-L and (b) TT-H cirrus. Solid (dashed) curves are computed assuming small (large) supersaturation fluctuation amplitudes. Labels denote the times after onset of the fluctuations acting on an initially monodisperse ice crystal population at ice-saturated conditions. Ice crystals sublimate as r / 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cirrus-psds-vs-maximum-ice-crystal-dimension-from-124h95tj.png FIG. 1. Cirrus PSDs vs maximum ice crystal dimension from cloud-resolving simulations of a midlatitude cirrus cloud including depositional growth and aggregation (solid curve, L ’ 150mm) and without aggregation (dashed curve, L ’ 160mm). The PSDs are averaged over the whole volume in the mature cloud (3 h after formation, the cloud depth is 4 km including fall streaks as shown in Fig. 3). Large ice crystals, generated by aggregation, represent about 1% of the total number concentration of ice crystals with L . 500mm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-characteristic-cloud-averaged-parameters-2ionk6l3.png TABLE 1. Summary of characteristic cloud-averaged parameters for individual cirrus types based on aircraft and remote sensing observations: total ice crystal number concentration n andmean radii r0, cloud temperatureT and pressure altitude p, areal growth time scale per unit supersaturation g21 and damping time scale l21, their ratio k5 g/l, and range of asymptotic size dispersion d‘r for weak to strong fluctuations. The supersaturation autocorrelation time t used in the colored-noisemodel is set equal to 10min to constrain the growth and damping parameters: z5 gt and j5 lt, respectively. Cloud types comprise tropical tropopause cirrus (TT; Peter et al. 2003; T. Peter 2013, personal communication; Jensen et al. 2013; E. Jensen 2013, personal communication), anvil cirrus (AV; Lawson et al. 2010; P. Lawson 2013, personal communication), midlatitude cirrus (ML; Field and Heymsfield 2003), and contrail cirrus (CC; Voigt et al. 2011; Minnis et al. 1998, 16 Apr case). The TT cases include cirrus with low (TT-L; Peter et al. 2003; T. Peter 2013, personal communication) and high (TT-H; Jensen et al. 2013; E. Jensen 2013, personal communication) ice crystal number densities based on in situ measurements. The AV cases represent many in situ observations of anvil cirrus attached (AV-A) and detached (AV-D) to tropical convection. The ML cases describe a single midlatitude cirrus cloud subdivided into regions predominantly containing many small (ML-S) and few large (ML-L) ice crystals; its properties have been estimated from cloud-resolving simulations of the observation case. The CC cases include in situ measurements of young (,10min, CC-Y;Voigt et al. 2011) and satellite observations of aged (’7 h, CC-A;Minnis et al. 1998, 16Apr case) contrail cirrus, respectively. Mean ice crystal dimensions or effective radii inferred from the measurement data have been converted to approximate mean (volume-equivalent sphere) radii using relationships suitable for the most common ice crystal shapes in the respective cloud types as indicated by the measurements; the mean ice crystal radius in case TT-H is estimated based on measured total water. Measured microphysical properties of both anvil cases capture a range of cloud ages. The number concentration in case CC-A is only roughly estimated by scaling from CC-Y with an aircraft plume dilution factor of 0.01. Data taken within each cirrus type (or within each individual cloud)may vary significantly, so care should be takenwhen generalizing the parameters assorted here as being typical. Citations refer to the original cloud observations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phase-space-evolution-of-joint-pdfs-at-three-different-2ins36b0.png FIG. 2. Phase space evolution of joint PDFs at three different scaled times u 5 0, 1, and 10 for (a)–(d) a twodimensional Gaussian initial distribution and (e) a narrow box distribution. All cases are evaluated without mean growth (s5 0). Maxima of the joint PDFs decrease over time, and each contour curve decreases tenfold in magnitude [the value of the outermost contour of the final PDFs in (d),(e) is 0.001]. (a) A baseline case without fluctuations (scf 5 0) for initial supersaturation distribution centered at u0 5 1 and a05 1, assuming j5 0.5 and z5 1. (b) Effect of stronger damping of the supersaturation and slower depositional ice growth (j 5 1, z 5 0.5) and (c) effect of neglecting the growth due to an initial supersaturation. (d) As in (a), except including persistent supersaturation fluctuations (scf 5 0.1 leading to s‘ 5 0.05). (e) As in (d), except using a very narrow initial box PDF. (f) Temporal evolution of supersaturation PDF obtained from (e) for u 5 0 (delta function), 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 (asymptotic distribution in which the mean of the supersaturation fluctuations decayed to zero). https://scispace.com/papers/superscan-supervised-single-cell-annotation-xd8dikhi3b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-superscan-evaluation-metrics-by-cell-type-a-feature-fzom8pmn.png Figure 4. Superscan evaluation metrics by cell type. A. Feature importance for each broad cell https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-visualization-of-superscans-performance-on-1djfkqjb.png Figure 5. Visualization of Superscan’s performance on unlabeled cells. The normalized entropy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-methodology-for-manual-gating-and-model-training-a-17ada8bs.png Figure 1. Methodology for manual gating and model training. A. Example bivariate plots https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-umaps-of-three-datasets-generated-from-gene-39u7oylq.png Figure 2. UMAPs of three datasets generated from gene expression and protein expression. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-public-datasets-including-tissue-type-1alp56ms.png Table 1: Summary of public datasets, including tissue type, number of cells used (i.e. only healthy patients from arunachalam_2020 and su_2020), and number of proteins measured with CITE-seq. Asterisks indicate datasets that were not included in Superscan’s training data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-superscan-performance-by-broad-a-and-fine-b-cell-5ruvf5af.png Table 2 Superscan performance by broad (a) and fine (b) cell type, with unlabeled cells removed from training and testing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-results-from-superscan-run-on-a-merkel-cell-dziw334u.png Figure 6. Results from Superscan run on a Merkel cell carcinoma dataset. A. UMAPs of discovery/validation patient, colored by sample type (dataset: paulson_2018). B. UMAPs of discovery/validation patient, colored by Superscan predicted labels. Dashed circle indicates erythrocytes. C. UMAPs of discovery/validation patient, colored by Superscan normalized entropy scores. Dashed circle indicates erythrocytes. D. Normalized entropy scores by cell type for discovery/validation patient. Dashed circle indicates erythrocytes. E. Normalized entropy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-classification-accuracy-of-superscan-and-2xkmgurz.png Figure 3. Classification accuracy of Superscan and comparisons to benchmark methods. A. https://scispace.com/papers/superquant-financial-benchmark-suite-for-performance-46tfquutvs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-call-put-price-of-a-ga-of-100-assets-option-and-of-m2m4u7zf.png Table 1. Call/Put price of a GA of 100 assets option and of the “pseudo” one https://scispace.com/papers/supersymmetric-theory-of-stochastics-demystification-of-self-3tx3hgvyts 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-8-squares-measured-dissipative-time-td-versus-k-2p-2n8g1ds7.png FIGURE 1.8 Squares: measured dissipative time Td versus k/2π = 1/λ. Dashed line: Lorentzian fit Td = (0.73+0.025(k/2π) 2)−1 used in the following. Insert: Tdω versus k/2π (semilog scale) [MM11a]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-16-from-mam14-left-dissipation-ga-k-solid-lines-euh2v4j4.png FIGURE 1.16 From [MAM14]. (Left) Dissipation Γα(k) (solid lines) compared to experimental dissipation γEXPk (black dashed line). (Right) Power spectral density E (1D)(k). The black dashed line indicates the Kolmogorov-Zakharov spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-17-injected-power-ei-versus-root-mean-square-value-we3q0r7y.png FIGURE 1.17 Injected power εI versus root mean square value of the velocity at the injection point VRMS [HCD +13]. Large markers are used for experiments whereas small markers refers to numerical simulations. Variations of the damping as in section 1.4.4: red: γ∗ = 1, black: γ∗ = 1.6, magenta: γ∗ = 3.1, blue: γ∗ = 4.9, green: γ ∗ = 0. Dashed green line : I ∝ V 3RMS . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-nonstationary-turbulence-with-steady-forcing-case-1ouhcbud.png FIGURE 1.3 Nonstationary turbulence with steady forcing (case 1). (a): Spectrogram. (b): Normalised velocity power spectra. (c): Evolution of fc vs t. (d): Evolution of Pv(fc) vs t . (e): Scaling of spectral amplitude with injected power. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-7-the-angle-integrated-space-time-spectrum-e-k-o-3gr1gvdf.png FIGURE 1.7 The angle integrated space-time spectrum E(k, ω) [Mor10]. The continuous line is the linear dispersion relation for the considered plate ω ∝ k2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-12-cut-of-the-space-time-spectrum-e-k-o-at-kx-0-3gv85oum.png FIGURE 1.12 Cut of the space time spectrum E(k, ω) at kx = 0. Discrete frequencies are clearly visible [Mor10]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-13-evolution-of-the-spectral-energy-on-the-23xnzqwe.png FIGURE 1.13 Evolution of the spectral energy on the dispersion relation in the plane kx = 0 for P = 1, 4, 9, 16 and 36 (from bottom to top). The curves have been shifted vertically by a factor 1.5 for clarity [Mor10]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-6-rescaled-power-spectra-of-the-transverse-velocity-1rzt499m.png FIGURE 1.6 Rescaled power spectra of the transverse velocity obtained on two different experimental https://scispace.com/papers/supersonic-overland-without-a-sonic-boom-quantifying-the-xoc9wyrkqp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-jaxa-s4-1-3-4-supersonic-airliner-7-1c4m3ayu.png Figure 5. JAXA S4_1.3.4 supersonic airliner [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-flight-time-savings-of-eastward-and-westward-2fzy36ey.png Table 4. Flight time savings of eastward and westward missions, Mach-cutoff vs. subsonic, direct routes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-distribution-of-cutoff-mach-numbers-flown-in-cruise-jvwb71vx.png Figure 7. Distribution of cutoff Mach numbers flown in cruise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-generic-supertrac-mission-trajectory-1mnijd7i.png Figure 1. Generic SuperTraC mission trajectory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-general-distribution-of-cutoff-mach-numbers-red-30whcudx.png Figure 8. General distribution of cutoff Mach numbers (red: eastwards; blue: westwards). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sample-of-cutoff-mach-over-altitude11-atmosphere-of-1uwu5sn9.png Figure 9. Sample of cutoff Mach over altitude11 (Atmosphere of 2015-01-01-00, 35°N 98°W). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-los-angeles-new-york-city-mach-cutoff-mission-1xtczjnu.png Figure 3. Los Angeles – New York City Mach-cutoff mission. Flight time: 3:24 hours. Tailwinds prevailing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-new-york-city-los-angeles-mach-cutoff-mission-1cos1ztz.png Figure 2. New York City – Los Angeles Mach-cutoff mission. Flight time: 3:50 hours. Headwinds prevailing. https://scispace.com/papers/superspec-design-concept-and-circuit-simulations-1mjc5ikc7e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-the-dependence-of-the-effective-resolution-of-the-1t86s1gp.png Figure 5. (a) The dependence of the effective resolution of the spectrometer vs. the loss coefficient δ (or equivalently Qloss) from the numerical simulations for a number of different target resolutions (here R = Qr). We identify the asymptotic behavior of these curves for both the low-loss and the loss-dominated regimes. (The slight wiggle in the R = 300 case is probably a numerical artifact.) (b) The radiation loss (Qloss = Qrad) vs. CPW ground-plane separation for different CPW impedances, as predicted by the Vayonakis & Zmuidzinas memo (Caltech, 2011). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-of-superspec-radiation-enters-from-the-7qkljerm.png Figure 1. A schematic of SuperSpec. Radiation enters from the left. A sequence of tuned resonators, with logarithmically increasing wavelengths, couple individual narrow sub-bands into power detectors (shown here as resistive terminations), such as bolometers or kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs). The spectrometer channels are spaced along the feedline for optimum efficiency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-the-range-of-variation-in-the-spectral-resolution-255cnz05.png Figure 6. (a) The range of variation in the spectral resolution of channels (R = Q) vs the maximum fractional error in the coupling strength. Panels (b) and (c) show the range of frequency shift among channels vs. the fractional error in the coupling strength and resonator phase length, respectively. The red dots indicate the maximum channel-to-channel error we can tolerate before channels are displaced by more than their widths, relative to one another. Larger errors will result in an unpredictable resonator order. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-incident-power-fraction-coupled-to-spectrometer-1hzc176t.png Figure 2. The incident power fraction coupled to spectrometer channels (gray line, left axis) for an R = 600 ideal spectrometer with 600 channels, covering the entire 1mm atmospheric window. A sampling of 10 individual channel profiles are also shown (right axis). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-same-as-figs-2-but-including-loss-d-5-x-10-4-or-18synnd7.png Figure 7. Same as Figs. 2, but including loss (δ ∼ 5 × 10−4 or equivalently Qloss ∼ 2000), a 1% scatter in the relative resonator couplings channel-to-channel, and a ∼0.2µm rms lithographic error between nearby resonators. These are typical values for what we can expect from the JPL deep-UV process on a SiN substrate. See also Fig. 3(b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-an-overlay-of-the-channels-shown-on-fig-2-exhibit-3cge871u.png Figure 3. (a) An overlay of the channels shown on Fig. 2 exhibit highly uniform spectral profiles across the full band, to the point where they are practically indistinguishable from one-another. The half-power channel bandwidth, corresponding to the spectral resolution R is show with dotted lines. (b) The same overlay when introducing loss (δ ∼ 5 × 10−4, i.e. Qloss ∼ 2000), a 1% scatter in the relative resonator couplings channel-to-channel, and a ∼0.2µm rms lithographic error between nearby resonators. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-a-schematic-layout-of-a-2-stage-resonator-device-3bw1awud.png Figure 8. (a) A schematic layout of a 2-stage resonator device coupled to a meandered KID device through a longer secondstage resonator. (b) An overlay of the relative channel profiles of a single half-wave resonator, and a 2-pole resonator, with a 5λ/2 second stage. For comparison, we show the response of an isolated half-wave resonator that is not embedded in a spectrometer, and a Gaussian profile also. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-the-optimal-size-of-capacitive-couplings-at-both-3t24v504.png Figure 4. (a) The optimal size of capacitive couplings at both ends of the resonator, and (b) the optimal sizing of ’halfwave’ resonators to yield the desired Qr values and center frequencies. Also shown are the best fit models to these, in general agreement with predictions by the Kovács & Zmuidzinas memo (Caltech, 2011). (c) Shows the power coupling efficiency with spectral sampling density. https://scispace.com/papers/supertoughening-in-b1-transition-metal-nitride-alloys-by-7h6j64vp8b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dft-data-for-tin-and-vn-comparison-with-experimental-1298vuj0.png Table 2. DFT data for TiN and VN, comparison with experimental and theoretical values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-charge-density-difference-maps-for-tin-8h049937.png Fig. 10. (Color online) Charge density difference maps for TiN (upper panels) and VN (lower panels), and effects of shearing applied on the (001) plane. From left to right, each series of panels (a-c), respectively (d-f), corresponds to 0, 5 and 10% strains. Color scale units are electrons/Å 3 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-integrated-coop-icoop-analysis-for-tin-1yw6zhc2.png Fig. 9. (Color online) Integrated COOP (ICOOP) analysis for TiN (upper panels) and VN (lower panels). From left to right, each series of panels (a-c), respectively (d-f), corresponds to 0, 5 and 10% strains. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-map-of-brittleness-and-ductility-trends-afoodfib.png Fig. 1. (Color online) Map of brittleness and ductility trends in compounds as estimated in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-coop-effects-induced-by-shearing-at-0-5-1cl1nhn2.png Fig. 5. (Color online) COOP effects induced by shearing at 0, 5 and 10% strains, resolved in first and second neighbor orbital interactions, in Ti0.5W0.5N: (a) progressive weakening of the covalent character of first neighbor N – M bonds; (b) corresponding gradual increase in covalent bonding in second neighbor M – M interactions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-color-online-calculated-stress-strain-trends-in-tin-2255y9zv.png Fig. 13. (Color online) Calculated stress – strain trends in TiN (green, open squares), VN (blue, open circles), Ti0.5W0.5N (red, solid squares) and V0.5W0.5N (blue, solid circles). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-bond-length-ratio-dependence-on-strain-w-n-ti-n-bonds-1ceqy9fr.png Fig. 12. Bond length ratio dependence on strain: W-N/Ti-N bonds in Ti0.5W0.5N (black squares) and W-N/V-N bonds in V0.5W0.5N (black circles). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-coop-analysis-for-v0-5w0-5n-resolved-in-2ydfp3y2.png Fig. 6. (Color online) COOP analysis for V0.5W0.5N, resolved in first neighbor (upper panels) and second neighbor (lower panels) orbital interactions. From left to right, each series of panels (a-c), respectively (d-f), corresponds to 0, 5 and 10% strains. https://scispace.com/papers/supervised-classification-of-social-spammers-using-a-4hoyg7mcyt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-architecture-of-the-proposed-system-3du4aoxw.png Figure 1: General architecture of the proposed system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-groundtruth-dataset-38jn26ge.png Table 2: Characteristics of the groundtruth dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-example-of-trend-hijacking-spam-on-twitter-3swj244a.png Figure 4: An example of trend-hijacking spam on Twitter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-screenshot-of-a-compromised-verified-account-2cp1jvpz.png Figure 3: A screenshot of a compromised verified account posting a tweet containing a phishing link. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-classification-results-of-svm-and-our-model-on-three-3dka0xdx.png Table 3: Classification results of SVM and our model on three different sets of features https://scispace.com/papers/supervised-binary-hash-code-learning-with-jensen-shannon-30xjqtfm7a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-mean-average-precision-i-e-map-for-177z372d.png Table 4. Comparison of mean average precision i.e. mAP (%), for which only Hamming radiuses no great than 3 are considered. The highest rates along each row are in bold font, while the second best underlined. ‡ indicates those exceptional cases in which JSD does not https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-precision-recall-vs-n-random-labels-right-eejivcjs.png Figure 3. Left: Precision-Recall vs N (#random labels). Right: Precision-Recall vs #training labels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-precision-recall-vs-l-candidate-hash-functions-1wq6fqh8.png Figure 2.Left: Precision-Recall vs L (#candidate hash functions). Right: Preparation time vs L. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-to-right-performance-comparison-of-jsd-with-sh-jmfddap4.png Figure 4. Left to right: Performance comparison of JSD with SH [26], BRE [7], ITQ [3] and KSH [12] on CIFAR10 dataset with Euclidean neighbourhood. Upper: Precision vs number of bits. Bottom: Precision vs Log(recall) with 32 bits code. https://scispace.com/papers/supervised-interaction-a-form-of-contract-management-to-1856glai2o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fragment-of-a-contract-template-1sj0dt8h.png Fig. 4. Fragment of a Contract Template https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-example-business-protocol-1d2w2ku6.png Fig. 7. Example business protocol https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-three-party-relationship-between-authority-and-2o0227p3.png Fig. 1. Three-Party Relationship between Authority and contracting agents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-agreement-in-principle-bfq2orm1.png Fig. 6. Agreement in Principle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-contract-management-process-2h7b643n.png Fig. 5. Contract Management Process https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-contract-template-and-contract-instantiation-me9907z4.png Fig. 2. Contract Template and Contract Instantiation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bnf-syntax-of-the-contract-specification-language-28x71vin.png Fig. 3. BNF Syntax of the Contract Specification Language https://scispace.com/papers/supervised-workpools-for-reliable-massively-parallel-4mf9aqgoti 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fault-tolerant-algorithmic-parallel-skeletons-used-in-o8lbasq0.png Fig. 5: Fault tolerant algorithmic parallel skeletons used in Appendix A and B of [24] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-reallocating-closures-scenario-3pldu5se.png Fig. 1: Reallocating closures scenario https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-type-signatures-of-hdph-primitives-29kp9brv.png Fig. 2: Type signatures of HdpH primitives https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-recovery-time-with-1-node-failure-3ak21lvf.png Fig. 8: Recovery time with 1 node failure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-runtime-performance-for-fibonacci-with-no-failures-1y99mims.png Fig. 7: Runtime performance for Fibonacci with no failures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-workpool-implementation-use-of-stm-as-a-termination-2knhf86g.png Fig. 3: Workpool implementation & Use of STM as a termination check https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-runtime-performance-and-supervision-overheads-with-no-2hpscx89.png Fig. 6: Runtime performance and supervision overheads with no failures for Summatory Lioville 108 to 109 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-detecting-node-failure-in-the-blockwhilenodehealthy-3sc83r48.png Fig. 4: Detecting node failure in the blockWhileNodeHealthy function https://scispace.com/papers/supg-based-stabilization-using-a-separated-representations-480mwiwzkh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-convection-of-discontinuous-inlet-data-skew-to-the-2184kk9d.png Figure 1: Convection of discontinuous inlet data skew to the mesh: problem statement. https://scispace.com/papers/supplementary-bug-fixes-vs-re-opened-bugs-56h5lzdull 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-bug-report-dimension-21hyoq69.png Table IV: BUG REPORT DIMENSION https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-bug-fix-dimension-1lf1o1bd.png Table V: BUG FIX DIMENSION https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-people-dimension-1c4yiltb.png Table VI: PEOPLE DIMENSION https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relationship-between-supplementary-bugs-and-re-2sawmmlq.png Figure 5: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUPPLEMENTARY BUGS AND RE-OPENED BUGS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-work-habit-dimension-31khde7l.png Table III: WORK HABIT DIMENSION https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-our-approach-to-study-the-relation-1hh7k37d.png Figure 1: OVERVIEW OF OUR APPROACH TO STUDY THE RELATION BETWEEN SUPPLEMENTARY FIXES AND RE-OPENED BUGS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-supplementary-bug-fixes-of-bug-462381-1l2wk0zg.png Table I: SUPPLEMENTARY BUG FIXES OF BUG #462381 https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-top-and-second-attributes-and-their-frequency-in-3swpj1eq.png Table VIII: TOP AND SECOND ATTRIBUTES AND THEIR FREQUENCY IN RANDOMFOREST https://scispace.com/papers/supplementary-pension-coverage-in-britain-113crpgh34 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3jgbijic.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-marginal-effects-of-independent-variables-on-the-3frudbl5.png TABLE 2 Marginal Effects of Independent Variables on the Probability of Contracting Out of SERPs, Estimated from Probit Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2xfy0nvr.png TABLE 3 https://scispace.com/papers/supplier-selection-activities-in-the-service-sector-a-case-39xa7i8jtf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-list-of-supplier-criteria-and-the-associated-357v833v.png TABLE II LIST OF SUPPLIER CRITERIA AND THE ASSOCIATED WEIGHTINGS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-list-of-all-13-categories-2rboasbv.png TABLE I LIST OF ALL 13 CATEGORIES https://scispace.com/papers/supplementation-to-meet-metabolizable-protein-requirements-3lv2eanfpd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-fecal-om-output-from-grazed-forage-fo-grazed-om-224mk6f7.png Table 5. Fecal OM output from grazed forage (FO), grazed OM forage intake (FOMI), and BW at the time of intake measurement during three intake periods in 1997 to 1998 (Exp. 1) for heifers grazing winter Sandhills range and supplemented to meet metabolizable protein requirements (MPR) or CP requirements (CPR)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-nutrient-balance-of-heifers-supplemented-to-meet-liotfqzw.png Table 7. Nutrient balance of heifers supplemented to meet metabolizable protein requirements (MPR) or CP requirements (CPR) in 1997 to 1998 (Exp. 1)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-means-and-standard-deviations-of-nutrient-34i81weq.png Table 4. Means and standard deviations of nutrient composition (OM basis) of extrusa samples collected by esophageally fistulated cows grazing winter range in the Nebraska Sandhills in 1997 to 1998 (Exp. 1) and 1998 to 1999 (Exp. 2)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-organic-matter-fecal-output-and-intake-by-2-yr-old-1wrziuke.png Table 10. Organic matter fecal output and intake by 2- yr-old lactating cows (Exp. 3) consuming meadow hay and supplemented to meet metabolizable protein requirements (LMPR) or degradable intake protein requirements (LDIPR)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-performance-by-2-yr-old-lactating-cows-exp-3-3j8er8b1.png Table 9. Performance by 2-yr-old lactating cows (Exp. 3) consuming meadow hay and supplemented to meet metabolizable protein requirements (LMPR) or degradable intake protein requirements (LDIPR)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-fecal-om-output-from-grazed-forage-fo-grazed-om-l53m4ew9.png Table 6. Fecal OM output from grazed forage (FO), grazed OM forage intake (FOMI), and BW at the time of intake measurement during two intake periods in 1998 to 1999 (Exp. 2) for heifers grazing winter Sandhills range and supplemented to meet metabolizable protein requirements or CP requirements and fed hay in January or February (MPR/hay and CPR/hay respectively) or supplemented to meet metabolizable protein requirements and not fed hay (MPR/no hay)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-nutrient-balance-of-heifers-in-1998-to-1999-exp-2-xvm3uors.png Table 8. Nutrient balance of heifers in 1998 to 1999 (Exp. 2) supplemented to meet metabolizable protein or CP requirements with hay feeding in January and February (MPR/hay and CPR/hay, respectively) or supplemented to meet metabolizable protein requirements and not fed hay (MPR/no hay)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-temperature-wind-speed-and-precipitation-during-the-3kfugmk1.png Table 1. Temperature, wind speed, and precipitation during the winters of 1997 to 1998 and 1998 to 1999 at Whitman, NE https://scispace.com/papers/supply-and-demand-effects-in-television-viewing-a-time-4iojv35k1n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-time-spent-watching-television-explained-by-trend-3j7cwkxw.png Table 1. Time spent watching television explained by trend, channel and program supply. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relative-contribution-of-sets-of-variables-to-the-21dqffvn.png Table 4. Relative contribution of (sets of) variables to the fit of the model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-time-spent-watching-television-explained-by-weather-3847ufq5.png Table 3. Time spent watching television explained by weather conditions: main effects and interactions with program types. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-time-spent-watching-television-explained-by-1xh41ld1.png Table 2. Time spent watching television explained by seasonality and weekday. https://scispace.com/papers/supply-and-pricing-strategies-of-informal-rural-transport-2u7nxkanq1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-public-transport-demand-and-capacity-per-mode-in-2dlz6lkb.png Table 3: Public transport demand and capacity per mode in case study areas https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-case-study-areas-and-public-transport-3zxr07a1.png Figure 1: Location of case study areas, and public transport routes surveyed in each area https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-public-transport-supply-per-mode-in-case-study-areas-2xpza837.png Table 2: Public transport supply per mode in case study areas https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-fare-per-kilometer-per-mode-road-type-and-25h0dsqx.png Figure 4: Average fare per kilometer per mode, road type and area https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-poisson-regression-results-factors-explaining-2fifxogv.png Table 4: Poisson regression results: Factors explaining frequency of public transport services per route during AM and PM peaks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-percentage-of-trips-operated-by-different-modes-per-15a1mz1b.png Figure 3: Percentage of trips operated by different modes per road type and condition (all areas combined) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-results-factors-explaining-average-fare-bc62yeij.png Table 5: Regression results: Factors explaining average fare per kilometer of informal transport services https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-route-lengths-by-road-condition-1p0sdzcu.png Table 1: Summary of route lengths by road condition https://scispace.com/papers/supply-chain-based-solution-to-prevent-fuel-tax-evasion-2idnw8qwcu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-82-fte-sensor-simulation-unit-khz3s6df.png Fig. 82. FTE sensor simulation unit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-46-view-of-downpipe-region-on-trailer-showing-sight-28i5l9po.png Fig. 46. View of downpipe region on trailer showing sight glasses and bottom valves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-71-simplified-decision-rules-for-trc-testing-1kwywdn0.png Fig. 71. Simplified decision rules for TRC testing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-57-types-of-reports-available-from-peoplenet-fleet-2qef7ruy.png Fig. 57. Types of reports available from PeopleNet Fleet Manager. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-58-examples-of-gps-location-reports-available-from-2y081eam.png Fig. 58. Examples of GPS location reports available from PeopleNet. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-86-sample-scenario-results-from-the-pre-test-at-trc-on-oz7j9wtk.png Fig. 86. Sample scenario results from the pre-test at TRC on March 22, 2011. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-93-tanker-routes-at-trc-during-second-day-of-field-test-2ieuyvkl.png Fig. 93. Tanker routes at TRC during second day of field test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-31-differential-pressure-sensor-schematic-of-operation-ffzjs82h.png Fig. 31. Differential pressure sensor schematic of operation. https://scispace.com/papers/supply-chain-resilience-in-the-face-of-uncertainty-how-1m682syec9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-illustration-of-the-thematic-map-bj3ftbrb.png Figure 1: An illustration of the thematic map https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sub-themes-underlying-codes-and-sample-references-lt8bcumx.png Table 2: Sub-themes, underlying codes and sample references for collaboration https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sub-themes-underlying-codes-and-sample-references-39yp12e2.png Table 1: Sub-themes, underlying codes, and sample references for SCRES https://scispace.com/papers/support-for-family-caregivers-what-do-service-providers-say-1edyaaxnue 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-perceptions-of-barriers-to-service-usage-2k1t4ie0.png Table 3. Perceptions of Barriers to Service Usage https://scispace.com/papers/supply-chain-risk-management-and-artificial-intelligence-3pljv4569z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-journals-with-the-highest-contribution-in-the-1e5aa9eh.png Figure 3.: Journals with the highest contribution in the conducted survey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-decision-making-prediction-and-learning-31x4ao4f.png Figure 5.: Decision-making, prediction and learning capabilities of reviewed studies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-studies-by-publication-year-3sukz159.png Figure 2.: Distribution of studies by publication year. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-complexity-of-reviewed-studies-in-terms-of-datasets-imdrs0ed.png Figure 6.: Complexity of reviewed studies in terms of datasets and parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-reasoning-based-approaches-to-scrm-297t66bc.png Table 4.: Reasoning-based approaches to SCRM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-agent-based-approaches-to-scrm-3tbndo5t.png Table 3.: Agent-based approaches to SCRM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-network-based-approaches-to-scrm-2eyv3wir.png Table 2.: Network-based approaches to SCRM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-reviewed-studies-according-to-the-q7p1bla9.png Figure 4.: Distribution of reviewed studies according to the adopted approach. https://scispace.com/papers/supply-chains-in-the-apparel-industry-do-transnational-104w39el23 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-variables-2lddrupa.png Figure 1 Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-improvements-and-average-scores-308uwj39.png Table 2 Improvements and average scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-considered-ilo-core-conventions-zvceqlcu.png Table 1 Considered ILO Core-Conventions https://scispace.com/papers/support-for-graphicacy-a-review-of-textbooks-available-to-1p6qndg7qr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-textbook-characteristics-tzljst4p.png Table 1 Textbook Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relationships-between-textbook-characteristics-and-x654sdmx.png Table 3 – Relationships between Textbook Characteristics and Content Coverage https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-content-coverage-of-textbooks-2xbclekz.png Table 2 Content Coverage Of Textbooks https://scispace.com/papers/support-for-model-checking-z-specifications-25662lz0iu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-several-experiments-with-the-redefinition-system-1hkyzujc.png Table 1. Several Experiments with the Redefinition System https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-several-experiments-with-the-expansion-system-797syc80.png Table 2. Several Experiments with the Expansion System https://scispace.com/papers/support-for-heterogeneous-dynamic-network-environments-3nu7o9vn7a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-memory-requirements-in-bytes-of-the-currently-2ux2pycu.png TABLE I MEMORY REQUIREMENTS (IN BYTES) OF THE CURRENTLY AVAILABLE IDRA NETWORK SERVICES. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-coverage-of-an-existing-legacy-network-is-expanded-x5kinscy.png Fig. 3. The coverage of an existing legacy network is expanded by installing an additional next generation backbone using a different communication stack. By using the IDRA framework, the next generation network can converge with existing networks and use direct communication paths, thus prolonging the operational lifetime of legacy networks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-network-services-can-transparently-interact-with-any-3q8gte8k.png Fig. 2. Network services can transparently interact with any packet type. (a) Network services can associate metadata with, or retrieve metadata from, stored packets using the packet facade. (b) Only the packet facade requires knowledge about the packet format. As long as the correct packet descriptor is available, the packet facade knows how and where metadata is stored. (c) Finally, the packet facade accesses the correct header offset or the packet payload. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-in-the-vision-of-the-internet-of-things-everyday-t77iha91.png Fig. 1. In the vision of the internet of things, everyday objects will all become interconnected using a variety of communication technologies. These objects can use different communication technologies, different packet types and different network protocols. https://scispace.com/papers/support-function-method-for-inverse-obstacle-scattering-2m0tjirta4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ratios-of-the-approximate-and-the-exact-scattering-1cu8tkt9.png Table 1. Ratios of the approximate and the exact Scattering Amplitudes Aa(α′, α)/A(α′, α) for l = (1.0, 0.0). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-identified-dotted-line-and-the-original-solid-line-2ocrpkeb.png Figure 1. Identified (dotted line), and the original (solid line) obstacle D for k = 1.0. https://scispace.com/papers/support-leg-action-can-contribute-to-maximal-instep-soccer-7h9v1rg09q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-paired-t-test-results-comparing-discrete-measures-of-3awdjpg7.png Table 2. Paired t-test results comparing discrete measures of performance between the 533 NORM and INT conditions. 534 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-detailed-overview-of-procedures-and-techniques-2o0btzi8.png Table 1. Detailed overview of procedures and techniques implemented during the 530 Technique Refinement Intervention. 531 https://scispace.com/papers/supported-oxygen-evolution-catalysts-by-design-toward-lower-4wunq9fj22 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-a-bulk-ir-catalyst-b-traditional-50-wt-63tunnpm.png Figure 1. Schematic of: (a) bulk Ir catalyst (b) traditional >50 wt% Ir shell coated on TiO2 core (c) proposed catalyst with Pt or Au intermediate layer between Ir and TiO2 (d) nanostructuring strategy to reduce Ir loading without losing overall catalyst surface area (e) nanostructuring of both catalyst and conductive intermediate layer to lower PGM loading without losing catalyst surface area or conductivity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-electrolyzer-polarization-curves-using-annealed-17hhy26k.png Figure 7. (a) Electrolyzer polarization curves using annealed Ir-Pt-TiO2 and commercial Umicore catalysts at 1.0 mg/cm2 PGM on the anode, 0.3 mg/cm2 Pt (Pt/C) on the cathode, liquid water feeds at 80 °C and N117 membranes. (b) Tafel plots of iR free polarization curves with the corresponding equations in the kinetics region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-xrd-diffraction-patterns-for-a-pt-coated-ccss-blue-4pycjr0o.png Figure 5. XRD diffraction patterns for: (a) Pt coated CCSs (blue) and Ir supported on CCSs (red). (b) Ir supported on Au coated CCSs (c) effects of thermal annealing in air for Ir deposited on CCSs synthesized via PC reduction. Diffraction pattern of as-obtained TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2) is included in (a) and all the reference patterns are accompanied with corresponding PDF numbers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sem-image-a-and-corresponding-eds-maps-b-and-c-of-3gu0rqhg.png Figure 2. SEM image (a) and corresponding EDS maps (b and C) of Pt-TiO2-PC. SEM image (d) and EDS maps (e and f) of Au-TiO2-PC. TEM image (g), high resolution TEM (h) and Pt particle size distribution of 100 Pt nanoparticles (i) of PtTiO2-PC. High angle annular dark field (HAADF) image (j) and EDS maps (k-m) of Ir-Pt-TiO2-PC-ann. All scale bars in a-f are 0.5 µm and scale bars in j-m are 40 nm. EDS spectra corresponding to EDS maps above are in Figure S5-6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-xps-spectra-of-ir-catalysts-supported-on-conductive-32prae54.png Figure 6. XPS spectra of Ir catalysts supported on conductive layer coated supports synthesized using photochemical reduction method. (a-d) Ir-Pt-TiO2-PC (e-h) Ir-Pt-TiO2-PC-ann (i-l) Ir-Au-TiO2-PC (m-p) Ir-Au-TiO2-PC-ann. The spectra are as collected without background correction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-electronic-conductivities-of-various-catalysts-3ij97k86.png Figure 4. Electronic conductivities of various catalysts supported on TiO2. Umicore is the commercial IrO2-TiO2 catalyst and “ann” represents thermally annealed materials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-oer-activities-ir-corrected-of-ir-catalysts-3d3y7ucu.png Figure 3. OER activities (iR corrected) of Ir catalysts supported on TiO2. (a) Activities normalized to geometric surface area of the working electrode. (b) OER activities at 1.8 V normalized to mg of Ir. (c) Chronoamperometry plots at 1.8 V. (d) Tafel plots (dotted lines) with calculated Tafel slopes (mV/dec). The electrolyte is 0.1 M HClO4, the working electrode (WE) disc and counter electrode wire are gold, and the reference electrode is a dihydrogen electrode. The WE is rotated at 2500 rpm and the scan rate is 20 mV/s. Total catalyst loadings on the working electrodes are 3.49 µgIr/cm2. https://scispace.com/papers/support-vector-machines-with-clustering-for-training-with-2cxg9ofbxn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-experiment-3-size-of-the-clustering-set-and-2uxs1whc.png Table 6: Experiment 3 - Size of the clustering set and corresponding percentage of reduction for different values of the parameter γ, obtained from the original training set of 20000 points. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-experiment-3-user-time-and-error-rate-for-the-full-3s3y2j38.png Table 5: Experiment 3 - User time and error rate for the full training set of 20000 points and for the cluster set obtained with different values of the regularization parameter. The error rate is computed on a test set of 5000 points. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-experiment-2-user-time-and-error-rate-of-the-svm-1uv26nz5.png Table 4: Experiment 2 - User time and error rate of the SVM trained on the full training set (20000 points) and on the cluster set for different values of the regularization parameter C. The error rate was computed on a test set of 5000 points. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experiment-2-size-of-the-clustering-set-and-user-1xpagwes.png Table 3: Experiment 2 - Size of the clustering set and user time of the clustering algorithm for training sets of increasing size. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-experiment-3-error-rate-for-different-values-of-the-3lavlhnh.png Table 7: Experiment 3 - Error rate for different values of the parameter γ. In all cases the regularization parameter C was 10 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experiment-1-size-of-the-clustering-set-and-user-3hpcyp8q.png Table 1: Experiment 1 - Size of the clustering set and user time of the clustering algorithm for training sets of increasing size. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experiment-1-user-time-and-error-rate-for-the-full-217abtoz.png Table 2: Experiment 1 - User time and error rate for the full training set (5000 points) and the cluster set for different values of the regularization parameter. The error rate is obtained on a test set of 5000 points. https://scispace.com/papers/supported-molten-metal-catalysis-a-new-class-of-catalysts-500hfbkopf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-metal-loading-on-the-specific-surface-area-3nzxmyri.png Table 4. Effect of Metal Loading on the Specific Surface Area (SA) and Pore Volume (PV) on In-CPG-SMMC Samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-different-types-of-catalyst-supports-richardson-1989-18hk051g.png Table 3. Different Types of Catalyst Supports (Richardson, 1989). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-total-no-conversion-solid-lines-and-conversion-to-2ea4jmos.png Figure 19. Total NO Conversion (solid lines) and Conversion to N2 (dashed lines) for 1000 ppm NO, 5 % O2, 0.65 % C2H5OH, Balance He, GHSV = 60,000 h-1 over H-ZSM5 ( ), https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-a-effect-of-in-loading-on-the-conversion-of-no-to-2xxsbkun.png Figure 20. (a) Effect of In Loading on the Conversion of NO to N2 (N2O) over In-CPG-SMMC. Reactants: 1000 ppm NO + 5 % O2 + 0.65 % C2H5OH, Balance He, GHSV = 60,000 h-1. ◊: 28 w% In, : 1.75 w% In, : 0.95 w% In, : 0.5 w% In and : CPG. (b) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-some-possible-metal-alloys-suitable-for-smmc-system-2dc4wyso.png Table 2. Some Possible Metal Alloys Suitable for SMMC System [24]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-some-of-the-possible-molten-metal-catalysts-suitable-2v4a57l5.png Table 1. Some of the Possible Molten Metal Catalysts Suitable for SMMC System https://scispace.com/papers/supporting-change-and-scholarship-through-review-of-online-18u3yoqmbu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-benefits-of-giving-and-receiving-feedback-3m045957.png Table 1: Benefits of giving and receiving feedback https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-systemic-shifts-with-communities-for-systematic-assutwco.png Table 2: Systemic shifts with communities for systematic review https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-nsn-site-evaluation-feedback-form-3dq5yg38.png Figure 1. Example of NSN Site Evaluation/Feedback Form https://scispace.com/papers/supporting-complex-changes-in-evolving-interrelated-web-1r2a73snyz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evo-graph-for-web-databank-b-at-t-7-3fg5na3a.png Fig. 4. Evo-graph for Web databank B at T=7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-state-of-web-databanks-a-and-b-at-t-start-1q9rpruy.png Fig. 2. State of Web databanks A and B at T=start https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-snap-graph-for-t-3-of-the-evo-graph-in-fig-5-17tmb9xu.png Fig. 6. Snap-graph for T=3 of the evo-graph in Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-snapshot-reduction-algorithm-nwihgpl8.png Table 1. Snapshot Reduction algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-evo-graph-for-web-databank-a-at-t-3-toj2snv5.png Fig. 3. Evo-graph for Web databank A at T=3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-annotated-evo-graph-of-fig-3-1k27ykro.png Fig. 5. Time annotated evo-graph of Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-modeling-of-basic-change-operation-with-evo-graph-37j4oqux.png Fig. 1. Modeling of basic change operation with evo-graph https://scispace.com/papers/supporting-continuous-range-queries-in-indoor-space-2ghbbu9eyy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-examples-of-path-segment-construction-lines-that-227z3i7g.png Fig. 5. Examples of path segment construction: lines that connect two boundary access points (a), final path segments in the polygon (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-constructing-path-segments-in-open-cells-aqikzm3z.png Fig. 6. Constructing path segments in open cells https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-the-range-network-expansion-approach-17bvz0po.png Fig. 1. An example of the Range Network Expansion approach https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-example-of-euclidean-based-continuous-range-query-8m7ipe39.png Fig. 3. An example of Euclidean-based continuous range query https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-example-of-continuous-query-using-split-point-18mbifxr.png Fig. 2. An example of continuous query using split point https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-an-example-of-network-based-continuous-range-query-1qiuxg3z.png Fig. 4. An example of network-based continuous range query https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-an-example-of-incremental-network-expansion-27k44vrz.png Fig. 7. An example of Incremental Network Expansion https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-an-example-of-ine-vsqyud45.png Fig. 8. An example of INE https://scispace.com/papers/supporting-drivers-in-keeping-safe-speed-in-adverse-weather-2al9yke8sx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-speed-profiles-under-rainy-conditions-2cslhq5z.png Fig. 11. Speed profiles under rainy conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-probability-of-fatal-injury-pifa-for-emergency-braking-13k02kk3.png Fig. 4. Probability of fatal injury PIFa for emergency braking on wet pavement at 90 km.h−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-emergency-braking-speed-profiles-in-rain-at-one-point-1mnhzifk.png Fig. 5. Emergency braking speed profiles in rain at one point on the road. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-layout-of-vehicle-infrastructure-integration-in-divas-2c7jl1qw.png Fig. 14. Layout of Vehicle Infrastructure Integration in DIVAS Project https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-illustration-of-the-different-test-scenarios-a-27sz1uyi.png Fig. 15. Illustration of the different test scenarios: (a) relevance of the SAVV speed vs. the practicable speed; (b) reduction of the sight distance; (c) reduction of the meteorological visibility distance; (d) reduction of the skid resistance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-braking-speed-profile-and-probability-of-fatal-injury-2h1b0i7p.png Fig. 6. Braking speed profile and probability of fatal injury in fog with 60m of visibility distance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-emergency-braking-speed-profiles-in-fog-at-one-point-328p6o63.png Fig. 7. Emergency braking speed profiles in fog at one point on the road. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-emergency-braking-speed-profiles-under-various-rainy-hm5utjyk.png Fig. 2. Emergency braking speed profiles under various rainy conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/supporting-empathy-through-embodiment-in-the-design-of-2icavey9f1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-stone-baptismal-font-at-st-peter-de-beauvoir-aw6efhac.png Figure 4. The stone baptismal font at St Peter De Beauvoir Town Church, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-screenshots-of-the4candles-android-application-z599rdep.png Figure 3. Screenshots of the‘4Candles’ Android application. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-4candles-digital-votive-candles-2wnqxaoi.png Figure 2. The ‘4Candles’ digital votive candles. https://scispace.com/papers/supporting-people-who-experience-intimate-partner-violence-1ky7mnfqv7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pathways-and-health-effects-on-intimate-partner-q9sztyy4.png Figure 2. Pathways and health effects on intimate partner violence Box One: Useful resources https://scispace.com/papers/supporting-hierarchy-and-heterogeneous-interfaces-in-multi-4ibbpdapr1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-node-from-the-shaded-cloud-that-is-completely-1qu696g2.png Figure 8 A node from the shaded cloud that is completely inside the white cloud and out of range of any other shaded node. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-nodes-from-the-white-and-shaded-clouds-cooperating-1vbdnczg.png Figure 9 Nodes from the white and shaded clouds cooperating on a joint task away from the square nodes that relay between clouds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-clouds-of-nodes-communicating-via-short-range-37k23c6b.png Figure 1 Clouds of nodes communicating via short-range radios and gateway nodes with both short-range and long-range radios. Each cloud may be multiple networkhops in diameter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-source-route-on-a-packet-as-it-moves-through-an-7tgx05ex.png Figure 3 The source route on a packet as it moves through an ad hoc network changing physical interface types from triangle interfaces to https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-route-discovery-in-a-ad-hoc-network-with-5v77megw.png Figure 2 Route Discovery in a ad hoc network with heterogeneous network interfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-route-requestfor-noded-being-answered-byd-and-by-37yfxm6x.png Figure 4 A ROUTE REQUESTfor nodeD being answered byD and by the gateway nodeG1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hierarchical-routing-in-the-absence-of-wired-3fj2n2ti.png Figure 5 Hierarchical routing in the absence of wired infrastructure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-visiting-mobilenode-registering-with-a-foreign-1fbvt7qq.png Figure 6 A visiting mobilenode registering with a foreign agent (FA) in the ad hoc network. https://scispace.com/papers/supporting-practice-learning-time-for-non-medical-gwxm01f8kv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-survey-topics-2fk0heyu.png Table 1; Overview of survey topics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-assets-and-barriers-for-supporting-learning-in-26a9jzuz.png Table 2. Assets and Barriers for supporting learning in practice; line managers. https://scispace.com/papers/supporting-highly-manageable-web-services-1obrgvdd5e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-internal-structure-of-a-manageable-w3object-service-211qgqn7.png Figure 3: Internal structure of a manageable W3Object service https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-web-based-management-interface-for-metadata-views-3uwewudj.png Figure 5: Web-based management interface for metadata views https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-htmlview-web-based-management-interface-1usucq7o.png Figure 4: HTMLView Web-based management interface https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relationship-between-client-pages-services-and-1ke9z7ub.png Figure 2: Relationship between client pages, services and views https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-architecture-of-a-w3objects-site-1fbyz17d.png Figure 1: Architecture of a W3Objects site https://scispace.com/papers/supporting-graph-based-real-time-applications-in-distributed-40np5knwvk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-dag-2eg0bk7d.png Figure 1: Example DAG. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-worst-case-scenario-where-all-edges-of-ph-1-1z0sylmo.png Figure 5: Example worst-case scenario where all edges of ϕ− 1 DAGs contribute to the total communication cost. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-communication-cost-e6y0c5ne.png Table 1: Total communication cost. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-runtime-performance-1bteqf1u.png Table 2: Runtime performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-schedulability-results-a-light-per-task-utilization-2cfe97fy.png Figure 7: Schedulability results. (a) Light per-task utilization distribution. (b) Medium per-task utilization distribution. (c) Heavy per-task utilization distribution. (d) Uniform per-task utilization distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-system-used-throughout-the-paper-248yq5m8.png Figure 2: Example system used throughout the paper. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-illustrating-various-ideas-on-redefining-job-ooykrb2k.png Figure 6: Illustrating various ideas on redefining job releases for DAG T2 in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sporadic-and-rate-based-releases-35sju05r.png Figure 3: Sporadic and rate-based releases. https://scispace.com/papers/supporting-proactive-application-event-notification-to-22kh6liigd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-query-notifications-and-status-based-on-the-3dd8pqxm.png Table 3. Query Notifications and Status Based on the Preexisting Status of a Query and Whether Its Conditions Are Met Upon an Update in the Neighbor Table https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-new-x-lisa-architecture-with-middleware-support-36ig234x.png Fig. 1. New X-Lisa architecture with middleware support https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-event-filtering-and-notification-process-1-a-service-uz62xoon.png Fig. 2. Event filtering and notification process: 1. A service or protocol updates the neighbor table. 2. If the field is of interest, and the new value is different from the old one, it is submitted to the MI. 3. The MI checks conditions realizing a query. 4. The MI notifies subscribing protocols and services that the query has fired. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-the-a-delays-and-b-pdr-for-the-patient-w5qkw3m7.png Fig. 4. Comparison of the (a) delays and (b) PDR for the patient monitoring scenario with and without the Middleware Interpreter https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-application-requirements-for-the-middleware-15hlz18c.png Table 4. Application requirements for the Middleware Interpreter only scenario https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-some-of-the-fields-of-the-middleware-interpreter-76jhkkex.png Table 1. Some of the fields of the Middleware Interpreter with their TinyOS primitive type and an example https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-topology-of-the-test-network-159p70or.png Fig. 3. Topology of the test network https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-composite-query-stored-within-the-middleware-fx4ja9s9.png Table 2. Composite Query Stored within the Middleware Interpreter https://scispace.com/papers/supporting-schools-in-identifying-and-safeguarding-the-needs-5bbiu7pmat 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-pupils-by-level-and-need-6de4zd7j.png Figure 1: Distribution of pupils by level and need https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-impact-by-school-level-260og0l3.png Table 4: Impact by School Level https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-areas-of-need-by-school-level-3kgx38ii.png Table 5: Areas of Need by School Level https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-return-rates-by-school-level-dfip2gpw.png Table 1 : Return Rates by School Level https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pupils-by-school-level-and-gender-zetdpwyb.png Table 2 : Pupils by School Level and Gender https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-disabled-children-by-school-level-and-gender-ffkiqw0z.png Table 3 : Disabled Children by School Level and Gender https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-data-concerning-a-surprise-pupil-2nbk826t.png Figure 2: Data concerning a “surprise” pupil https://scispace.com/papers/supporting-the-cross-cultural-appreciation-of-traditional-4mym1mlmjk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-part-of-content-of-questionnaire-21kynm9d.png Fig. 10. The part of content of questionnaire. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-part-of-system-usability-of-questionnaire-3cddt4ia.png Fig. 8. The part of system usability of questionnaire. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-part-of-interaction-of-questionnaire-22mx9f4o.png Fig. 9. The part of interaction of questionnaire. https://scispace.com/papers/supporting-the-designer-s-and-the-user-s-perspectives-in-92mpl7x0tx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-visual-integration-of-the-status-of-constraints-in-2rurkq3l.png Figure 2: Visual integration of the status of constraints. In this example, two of them are fulfilled (marked by the tick) and two are unfulfilled, which is marked by an x. Further the relation currently holding is displayed to indicate how far the current design is off. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-generated-route-graph-a-and-an-overly-complex-2w3ube30.png Figure 4: The generated route graph (a), and an overly complex path leading from the lobby to the project lab (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagrammatic-representation-of-two-spatial-1pin6f2t.png Figure 1: Diagrammatic representation of two spatial relations as used in the experiments of Webber and Feeney ([5], adapted). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-final-step-in-updating-the-floor-plan-the-2iox3nn1.png Figure 6: The final step in updating the floor plan. The spatial constraints are still met (a), and the route graph illustrates the reduced wayfinding complexity (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-initial-updated-floor-plan-the-spatial-2xcrzp6w.png Figure 5: The initial updated floor plan. The spatial constraints are met and wayfinding complexity is reduced to a small extent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-partially-finished-design-of-the-proposed-annex-13jr48wc.png Figure 3: A partially finished design of the proposed annex showing the main rooms (a), and their spatial relations (b). https://scispace.com/papers/supporting-runtime-reconfiguration-on-network-processors-3hu3hqm7h4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-load-balancing-using-packet-processors-2jq0egva.png Figure 2. Load Balancing using Packet Processors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-transcoding-on-the-intel-ixp2400-2jl3wyb0.png Figure 1. Transcoding on the Intel IXP2400 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-throughput-and-latency-of-components-3gpw68tt.png Table 1. Throughput and Latency of Components https://scispace.com/papers/supporting-the-evolution-of-model-driven-service-oriented-3fn1nneepm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-implementation-of-the-current-external-dsl-wzdcw0v3.png Figure 5. The implementation of the current external DSL using Frag https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-current-version-of-the-case-studys-12eqzt3a.png Figure 3. The current version of the case study’s implementation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-incremental-development-approach-for-developing-ixlrkpc0.png Figure 1. An incremental development approach for developing a domain model and an external DSL https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-mvnos-offered-services-slr976mh.png Table I THE MVNO’S OFFERED SERVICES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-initial-version-of-the-case-studys-1pglz6i0.png Figure 2. The initial version of the case study’s implementation https://scispace.com/papers/supposing-that-truth-is-a-woman-what-then-the-lie-detector-55tudd7lam 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-we-take-extreme-care-in-breeding-horses-dogs-and-1c45zzl0.png Figure 4: ‘We take extreme care in breeding horses, dogs and cats, but when we come to ourselves we are extremely careless and do not use our heads nor the means that science puts in our hands for scientific breeding.’ (Science and Invention magazine, April 1924) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-polygraph-operators-were-regularly-depicted-gazing-21ceaqfp.png Figure 6: Polygraph operators were regularly depicted gazing intensely at women attached to the “sweat box”; a galvanograph electrode on their wrists, a sphygmomanometer cuff on their arms and a rubber pneumograph tube strapped tightly around their chests. (Trovillo, 1939, p.876) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-new-love-machine-may-save-time-for-young-men-the-1ta60ty1.png Figure 9: ‘New Love Machine May Save Time for Young Men’. (The Commonwealth, 1910) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-postometer-among-other-things-mr-post-has-found-23pgy87w.png Figure 2: The Postometer. ‘Among other things Mr Post has found the most "meaningless thing in the world" is the act of two women kissing. That does not even make the needle quiver.’ (Life magazine, 1939) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-valentines-day-card-1931-before-and-after-you-pull-17jeypko.png Figure 1: Valentine’s Day card (1931), before and after you pull the girl’s leg. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-it-has-been-shown-experimentally-that-during-the-3gpemtxb.png Figure 5: ‘It has been shown experimentally that during the act of kissing there is an actual exchange of electrical potential’ (Radio Craft, September, 1948) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-and-what-husband-will-dare-certain-discovery-and-3oh19lq0.png Figure 8: "And what husband will dare certain discovery and punishment, when his wife's boudoir is equipped with a few of the foregoing machines for the detection of deceit? Gather your fictions while you may!" (Evening World, 1914). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-after-the-pneumograph-tubes-have-been-adjusted-the-lo3bw1cd.png Figure 7: “After the pneumograph tubes have been adjusted, the subject may enquire about the restrictive effect of the chest pneumograph. The examiner should then loosen the tube.” https://scispace.com/papers/supporting-valid-time-indeterminacy-1wyv5or636 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-an-example-query-38ie47ca.png Figure 6.1: An example query https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-the-taxonomy-subtree-for-temporal-alternative-3s8d8s9c.png Figure 2.3: The taxonomy subtree for temporal/alternative incompleteness https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-16-multical-calls-for-example-query-2qc3rddp.png Figure 5.16: MULTICAL calls for example query https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-7-a-rod-counting-operation-9d7xt2xd.png Figure 5.7: A rod counting operation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-8-the-pivoting-algorithm-3j6ohkno.png Figure 5.8: The pivoting algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-the-taxonomy-subtree-for-temporal-possible-637aasuc.png Figure 2.4: The taxonomy subtree for temporal/possible incompleteness https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-6-table-of-pr-a-8-for-the-indeterminate-instants-in-prn83d50.png Figure 4.6: Table of Pr[ a < .8] for the indeterminate instants in Received https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-7-a-pictorial-representation-of-the-instants-in-10cuhk8n.png Figure 4.7: A pictorial representation of the instants in Received https://scispace.com/papers/suppressing-or-blocking-fis1-reverses-diabetic-endothelial-4fwv4dtn8q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-suppression-of-fis1-expression-under-low-2-5mm-and-3u9f3tt5.png Figure 4: Suppression of Fis1 expression under low (2.5mM) and high (33 mM) glucose conditions improves steady-state junction stability in endothelial cell monolayers. Comparison of electric cell-substrate impedance sensing measurements (ECIS) in human microvascular endothelial cell (HMEC-1) transfected with Fis1 siRNA and control siRNA between normal (5 mM), low (2.5 mM), and high (33 mM) glucose conditions. Box represents 25th to 75th percentiles; horizontal line represents the median. SANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test, n = 4 for each treatment, P<0.001 overall for both high and low glucose studies. *-P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-suppression-of-fis1-expression-under-low-2-5mm-and-grlgacdp.png Figure 5: Suppression of Fis1 expression under low (2.5mM) and high (33mM) glucose conditions do not alter cellular bioenergetics. Measures of extracellular acidification rate (ECAR, n=5) (A) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR, n=5) (B) in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) transfected with Fis1 siRNA and control siRNA pre-incubated with normal (5mM for 2 hours), low (2.5 mM for 2 hours) and high (33 mM for 6 hours) glucose conditions. Wild type (WT) cells represent HMEC-1 cells not transfected and grown under normal glucose conditions. ECAR and OCR were measured under basal conditions followed by the sequential addition of the indicated compounds. No statistically significant differences were present between the treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-suppression-of-fis1-expression-in-healthy-human-3ks9hj27.png Figure 1: Suppression of Fis1 expression in healthy human vessels under low (2.5mM) and high (33mM) glucose conditions improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Human resistance vessels isolated from normal healthy subjects were treated with Fis1 siRNA and vasodilation measured by videomicroscopy upon acetylcholine treatment. The impaired vasodilation caused by incubation with either low (A, 2.5 mM, 2 hrs) or high (B, 33 mM, 6 hrs) glucose conditions was improved upon Fis1 siRNA treatment. For low glucose, A, P=0.0008 overall, *P≤0.0003 at indicated acetylcholine doses for control siRNA vs Fis1 siRNA, N=6 subjects. For high glucose, B, P=0.0002 overall, *P≤0.0002 at indicated acetylcholine doses for control siRNA vs Fis1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-novel-peptide-pep213-binding-to-fis1-a-1h-15n-hsqc-3v5t9442.png Figure 6: Novel peptide pep213 binding to Fis1. (A)1H, 15N HSQC spectral overlay of a 50 µM 15N-Fis1 sample titrated with increasing amounts (0-2000 µM) of unlabeled p213 demonstrating significant changes in chemical shifts indicating affinity of p213 for Fis 1. (B) Affinity determination for pep213 binding to Fis1 from NMR data in (A) by applying TREND analysis to all spectra in the titration series and fitting the normalized principal component 1 values (PC1) to a ligand depletion model to determine an apparent KD = 7 ± 2 µM. (C) Affinity determination by intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence. 10 µM Fis1 was titrated with increasing amounts (0-1000 µM) of pep213. The average emission wavelength was fit to determine an apparent KD = 3.3 ± 0.1 µM. Residuals to the fits in panels B and C are shown in the top of each panel. (D) 1H, 15N HSQC spectral overlay of a 50 µM 15N-Fis1 sample titrated with 2000 µM of a pep213-scrambled https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pep213-but-not-the-scrambled-control-reverses-2n2kukqx.png Figure 7: Pep213, but not the scrambled control, reverses impaired endothelium dependent vasodilation in human vessels from healthy and T2DM subjects. Human resistance vessels isolated from normal healthy (A,C) or T2DM (B,D) subjects were treated with a TAT fusion to the indicated peptide and vasodilation measured by videomicroscopy upon acetylcholine treatment. The impaired vasodilation caused by high https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-suppression-of-fis1-expression-in-t2dm-human-kuxkdp4t.png Figure 3: Suppression of Fis1 expression in T2DM human vessels reverses impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Human resistance vessels isolated from T2DM were treated with Fis1 siRNA and vasodilation measured by videomicroscopy, n=6, P=0.002 overall. Treatment with 100 µM L-NAME blocked this effect, P<0.0004 for Fis1 siRNA vs Fis1 siRNA+L-NAME. *P<0.0005 for vs. all other exposures at the indicated acetylcholine doses. Uncertainties are standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/papers/suppression-of-intrachannel-nonlinear-effects-using-clgws6l5cl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-encoded-code-i-eye-diagrams-for-a-rz-b-csrz-28v3j637.png Fig. 4 Encoded (Code I) eye diagrams for: (a) RZ (b) CSRZ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-eye-diagrams-of-uncoded-signal-after-2880-km-for-275redxx.png Fig. 5 Eye diagrams of uncoded signal after 2880 km, for average power of 0dBm, with a pre-compensation of -320 ps/nm for: (a) RZ, (b) CSRZ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-eye-diagrams-32-samples-bit-of-uncoded-signal-after-369pgzye.png Fig. 3 Eye diagrams (32 samples/bit) of uncoded signal after 1680 km, for average power of 0dBm, with a pre-compensation of -320 ps/nm for: (a) RZ, (b) CSRZ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-encoded-code-ii-eye-diagrams-for-a-rz-b-csrz-nkhe4krn.png Fig. 6 Encoded (Code II) eye diagrams for: (a) RZ, (b) CSRZ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-directed-graph-model-of-a-modulation-code-completely-pyj261ew.png Fig. 1 Directed graph model of a modulation code completely avoiding all streams of 3 or more consecutive “1”s. (Code I) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-q-factor-improvement-for-different-number-of-spans-for-3s5blai1.png Fig. 7 Q-factor improvement for different number of spans for: (a) Code I, (b) Code II https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-directed-graph-model-of-a-modulation-code-completely-10fhtj19.png Fig. 2 Directed graph model of a modulation code completely avoiding “1101” and “1011” patterns in addition to all streams of 3 or more consecutive “1”s. (Code II) https://scispace.com/papers/suppression-of-collapse-for-spiraling-elliptic-solitons-1uyejvx468 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-intensity-profiles-of-elliptic-beams-as-3rdnxzjz.png FIG. 3 (color online). Intensity profiles of elliptic beams as indicated by squares in Fig. 2(a). There are six contour lines in (a),(b),(d),(e) at the levels (0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5) Im. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-collapse-of-a-circular-beam-with-power-p-4mbzao7d.png FIG. 1 (color online). Collapse of a circular beam with power P ¼ 28 ¼ 7:52Pc; the variational solution (thin lines) is compared to numerical data (thick lines and dots). Collapse is evident in (a) from the diverging peak intensity, Im ¼ maxjEj2, and in (b) from collapsing radii, w2 (at Im=2) and we (at Im=e). (c) Spatial profile of intensity at z ¼ 2:3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-b-dynamics-of-spiraling-elliptic-beams-6co1ueoa.png FIG. 2 (color online). (a),(b) Dynamics of spiraling elliptic beams in Kerr media, P ¼ 20 ¼ 5:37Pc. (c) Optical angular momentum versus power showing the domains of diffraction and collapse. Solid line: Approximate boundary between numerical solutions with and without collapse (dots and circles). Dashed line: Variational solution for the soliton family, s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-isointensity-plot-at-the-level-im-2-of-10kn4ab0.png FIG. 5 (color online). Isointensity plot at the level Im=2 of elliptic soliton with ks ¼ 0:7 and Im ¼ 14 in saturable media. Numerically obtained half-widths wx and wy (thick lines) are compared to variational solution (thin lines). https://scispace.com/papers/suppressing-the-surface-field-during-transcranial-magnetic-2hyb9yjga6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-core-opened-to-140-3790-at-excitation-at-5280-hz-2jmv36sb.png Fig. 12 Core opened to 140˚, 3790 AT excitation at 5280 Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-typical-magnetic-stimulation-circuit-b-1-2-of-an-air-yh1c6x8x.png Fig. 1 (a) Typical magnetic stimulation circuit, (b) ½ of an air core stimulator for TMS, and (c) an iron core stimulator showing a winding wrapped around a tape wound laminated core.. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-stimulator-core-next-to-the-brain-in-quarter-plane-2qdt0px0.png Fig. 3 Stimulator core next to the brain in quarter plane perspective. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-surface-electrodes-can-be-placed-on-the-scalp-on-t27p5632.png Fig. 2 Surface electrodes can be placed on the scalp on equipotential lines. Because of the demand placed on the placement and contact of the electrodes, as well as the excitation, this approach is not recommended. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-electric-field-along-the-scalp-from-the-configuration-1cocewuf.png Fig. 11 Electric field along the scalp from the configuration in Fig. 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-peak-surface-field-and-amp-turn-excitation-with-3axwh5fq.png Fig. 13 Peak surface field and amp-turn excitation with increasing core angle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-reverse-excited-secondary-coil-within-to-suppress-the-268fp2pu.png Fig. 8 Reverse excited secondary coil within to suppress the surface E field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-opening-the-angle-of-the-core-yields-deeper-field-10hmx9oo.png Fig. 10 Opening the angle of the core yields deeper field penetration. https://scispace.com/papers/suppressing-autophobic-dewetting-by-using-a-bimodal-brush-kcz9tvx5op 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-homopolymer-profiles-phh-z-plotted-as-a-function-of-nxrz78ur.png Figure 4. Homopolymer profiles, φh(z), plotted as a function of distance, z, from the substrate. The dashed curves are profiles from monodisperse brushes, whereas the solid curves correspond to the bidisperse brushes denoted by the solid dots in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optimum-composition-as-corresponding-to-the-lowest-17yl3vs5.png Figure 3. Optimum composition, âs, corresponding to the lowest tension for a given degree of bidispersity, R, calculated for both (a) thick and (b) thin brushes. The dashed curves denote contours of constant entropic tension, γ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-entropic-tension-g-of-a-bidisperse-brush-as-a-2qhqgdb6.png Figure 2. Entropic tension, γ, of a bidisperse brush as a function of its composition, âs, plotted relative to the tension, γ0, of a monodisperse brush. Plots (a) and (b) show results for thick (d0/aN1/2 ) 1.0 and γ0N1/2/kBTaF0 ) 0.124) and thin (d0/ aN1/2 ) 0.5 and γ0N1/2/kBTaF0 ) 0.068) brushes, respectively, at various levels of bidispersity, R. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-grand-canonical-free-energy-fg-of-brush-homopolymer-29cvofo5.png Figure 1. Grand canonical free energy, Fg, of brush/homopolymer films as a function of their thickness, d. Both curves correspond to brushes of the same thickness d0/aN1/2 ) 1.0, but one is for a bidisperse brush (R ) 0.125 and âs ) 0.5) whereas the other is for a monodisperse brush (R ) 1). Note that the curves have been shifted vertically such that Fg approaches zero as d diverges. Based on the minimum in Fg, the tension of the bidisperse brush (γN1/2/kBTaF0 ) 0.078) is significantly less than that of the monodisperse brush (γ0N1/2/ kBTaF0 ) 0.124). https://scispace.com/papers/suppression-of-magnetic-excitations-near-the-surface-of-the-543p8ebeop 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-zf-usr-spectra-obtained-at-different-28lg0hc1.png FIG. 1. (Color online) ZF-µSR spectra obtained at different temperatures and implantation energies. The solid lines are fits to Eq. (1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-muon-implantation-profiles-in-smb6-2huiis50.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Muon implantation profiles in SmB6, calculated using TRIM.SP for various implantation energies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-the-relaxation-rate-l-at-1-8-k-as-a-2sb1u3hj.png FIG. 5. (Color online) The relaxation rate λ at 1.8 K as a function of applied field [32]. The solid line is the fit described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-the-relaxation-rates-l-at-4-5-k-red-left-3k4okx0x.png FIG. 4. (Color online) The relaxation rates λ at ∼ 4.5 K (red, left axis) and σ (blue, right axis) as a function of muon implantation depth in SmB6. The dashed lines are guides to the eye and the dotted vertical lines indicate the different E values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-the-dynamic-3r9mqsni.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Temperature dependence of the dynamic muon spin relaxation rate λ for different muon implantation energies. The solid lines are guides to the eye. https://scispace.com/papers/suppression-of-multiple-scattering-for-the-critical-mixture-4gq8azxuae 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-alignment-of-the-fibers-1aqhqsvv.png FIG. 1. Alignment of the fibers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-scattering-intensityi-tot-u-n-intensity-corrected-for-3dgx65nt.png FIG. 5. Scattering intensitŷI tot,u& ~n!, intensity corrected for turbidity losŝi tot,u& ~h! and intensity corrected for turbidity loss and multiple scattering^ i s,u& ~s! in dependence on the reduced temperature for six different anglesu540°,60°,80°,100°,120°,140°. The solid lines represent the fits according to Eq~3! with n50.63 fixed to its theoretical value. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-angular-dependence-of-scattered-intensity-for-two-1fhk77jz.png FIG. 6. Angular dependence of scattered intensity for two different redu temperatures~open symbols,t red52.11310 23; solid symbols,t red53.63 31025). The squares represent intensities corrected for turbidity loss^ i tot& and the circles represent intensities corrected for turbidity loss and mul scatterinĝ i s&. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-scattering-intensities-and-corrected-scattering-p21mhhv6.png TABLE I. Scattering intensities and corrected scattering intensities for different temperatures and different anglesu540°, 60°, 80°, 90°, 100°, 120°, 140° The critical temperature isTc5293.321 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-angular-dependence-of-amplitude-of-cross-correlation-3175bg3g.png FIG. 3. Angular dependence of amplitude of cross correlation function different temperatures. : 20 °C, h, 25 °C, n, 30 °C. https://scispace.com/papers/suppression-of-the-quantum-confined-stark-effect-in-alxga1-24dw62vr7s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-and-spectrally-integrated-qw-pl-intensity-versus-20haznk9.png FIG. 5. Time- and spectrally integrated QW PL intensity versus temperature in sample A (empty circles) and B (filled squares). The curves are normalized to the intensity obtained at the lowest temperature 4.5 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cross-sectional-tem-images-of-samples-a-a-and-b-b-f92by0yn.png FIG. 1. Cross-sectional TEM images of samples A (a) and B (b). Surface SEM images of samples A (c) and B (d) with insets illustrating corresponding RHEED patterns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pl-spectra-measured-in-samples-a-and-b-under-cw-1htvdwmj.png FIG. 4. PL spectra measured in samples A and B under cw excitation at 20 K (a) and under pulsed excitation at 300 K (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-decay-curves-measured-at-the-qw-pl-maximum-in-sample-a-2wo6rt7o.png FIG. 6. Decay curves measured at the QW PL maximum in sample A (a) and B (b) at three selected temperatures: 4.5 K, 140 K, and 300 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plan-view-cl-a-c-and-sem-b-d-images-of-the-same-place-18ji3qb1.png FIG. 3. Plan-view CL (a), (c) and SEM (b), (d) images of the same place in samples B (a), (b) and A (c), (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-reciprocal-space-maps-for-the-asymmetric-i-i24-u4tnuymh.png FIG. 2. Reciprocal space maps for the asymmetric ( I I24) reflections of samples A (a) and B (b). https://scispace.com/papers/suppression-of-the-surface-inversion-layer-of-p-type-inas-4tu7moemsb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-layer-structure-a-300-nmp2-inas-are-grown-by-molecular-vcnbx00z.png FIG. 1. Layer structure~A!: 300 nmp2-InAs are grown by molecular beam epitaxy on ap1-InAs substrate. Layer structure~B!: 10 nmp2-InGaAs and 30 nmp2-InAlAs are grown epitaxially on top of structure A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-calculation-of-the-band-structure-a-and-the-carrier-3prbwqmg.png FIG. 3. Calculation of the band-structure~a! and the carrier concentration ~b!of a p-type InAs/InAlAs/InGaAs structure.EF is the Fermi energy,Ec indicates the lower conduction band edge, andEv the upper valence-band edge. 0,z,10 nm: InGaAs, 10 nm,z,40 nm: InAlAs, 40 nm,z,340 nm: InAs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-calculation-of-the-band-scheme-band-energy-vsz-265bc658.png FIG. 2. ~a! Calculation of the band scheme~band energy vsz coordinate normal to the surfacez50) for p2-doped InAs atT54.2 K. EF is the Fermi energy,Ec indicates the lower conduction band edge, andEv the upper valence-band edge.~b! Carrier concentration vsz coordinate. Parameters of the calculation: doping levelp5531016 cm23, Ec(z50)520.25 eV, with respect to the Fermi energy,eg50.418 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-i-v-curves-of-the-corbino-disk-usingp-type-inas-26y4y53c.png FIG. 7. ~a! I –V curves of the Corbino disk usingp-type InAs coated with InAlAs/InGaAs~layer system B! for different temperatures. The InAlAs and InGaAs cap layers are removed in the contact area of the ring electrodes. The inset shows the differential resistancedV/dI as a function ofI for T 54.2 K. ~b! Temperature dependence of the zero-bias resistanceR0 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sketch-of-the-four-point-corbino-geometry-four-2uiqjgsj.png FIG. 4. Sketch of the four-point Corbino geometry. Four concentric Au ring electrodes are evaporated on top of InAs. The current is applied between the inner ~D1! and the outer ring~D4!. The voltage is measured between ring electrodes D2 and D3.~a! View from top. ~b! Cut through the Corbino disk for layer system B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-i-v-curves-of-the-corbino-disk-on-barep-inas-for-1b0p4fcq.png FIG. 5. I –V curves of the Corbino disk on barep-InAs for differentT. The inset shows the differential resistance as a function of the bias currentI for T54.2 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-r0-of-the-corbino-disk-as-a-function-of-a-magnetic-32da2oru.png FIG. 6. R0 of the Corbino disk as a function of a magnetic fieldB in z direction atT51 K. https://scispace.com/papers/supramolecular-architectures-of-iron-phthalocyanine-langmuir-185tjkeo8q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-raman-mapping-two-and-three-dimensions-built-3rthdri9.png Fig. 5. Raman mapping (two and three dimensions) built collecting spectra point-by-point along a line of 100 m with a step of 1 m for 21 layers of FePc/CH2Cl2, FePc/DMF, and FePc/DMFaged LB films. The two-dimensional Raman mapping is superposed to the optical image where the brighter spots represent more intense Raman signals for the band at 1517 cm−1. The color of the optical image in 5c is not the real color of the FePc/DMFaged LB film. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-afm-topographic-images-for-21-layers-of-fepc-ch2cl2-q9jin4ug.png Fig. 6. AFM topographic images for 21 layers of FePc/CH2Cl2, FePc/DMF, a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bam-images-recorded-for-langmuir-films-of-a-fepc-1acgg39b.png Fig. 2. BAM images recorded for Langmuir films of (a) FePc/CH2Cl2, (b) FePc/DMF, and (c) FePc/DMFaged prepared from 8.8 × 10−4 mol/L FePc solutions. Inset: BAM image recorded for ultrapure water subphase used as a reference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-shows-the-a-isotherms-for-fepc-in-chcl3-ch2cl2-thf-and-27ni7j4y.png Fig. 1 shows the -A isotherms for FePc in CHCl3, CH2Cl2, THF, and DMF. Similar profiles are found for both FePc/CH2Cl2 and FePc/CHCl3 -A isotherms, considering all the compression stages. The corresponding liquid-phase (up to 15 mN/m) of the FePc/THF is displaced towards larger molecular areas, which suggests an interaction between FePc and THF, unperceived for CHCl3 and CH2Cl2 solvents. There is a possibility of a coordination of the DMF oxygen with the FePc iron, leading to the formation of dimeric species of FePc, as reported by Barbosa et al. [30] working with Mg–Al hydrotalcite-like materials used as support for the immobilization of Fe(III) tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (FePcTs). However, at higher surface pressures (above 15 mN/m) the FePc/THF -A isotherm tends to overlap the FePc/CH2Cl2 and FePc/CHCl3 -A isotherms. The later indicates the FePc-THF interaction is not strong enough, and the final packaging of FePc molecules is substantially the same as in CHCl3 and CH2Cl2. Therefore, the formation of FePc dimeric species through coordination interaction can be minimized. Besides, the FePc solutions in CHCl3, CH2Cl2, and THF have https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ftir-spectra-transmission-mode-for-21-layers-of-fepc-2e9niuyt.png Fig. 8. FTIR spectra (transmission mode) for 21 layers of FePc/CH2Cl2, FePc/D https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-raman-spectra-of-fepc-dmf-and-fepc-dmfaged-collected-13u9r6yc.png Fig. 7. Raman spectra of FePc/DMF and FePc/DMFaged collected for both aggregates and smooth regions of the LB films. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-pca-obtained-using-the-real-capacitance-vs-frequency-3s7ujref.png Fig. 10. PCA obtained using the real capacitance vs. frequency at https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-idmap-projection-obtained-using-the-real-capacitance-bzb4tkyq.png Fig. 9. IDMAP projection obtained using the real capacitance vs. frequency (Fig. S6) for the sensing array immersed into atrazine solutions. The sensing units are identified by the colors in the inset. https://scispace.com/papers/supramolecular-columns-of-hexabenzocoronenes-on-copper-and-4kfwsw2grd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i-experimental-photoelectron-diffraction-patterns-of-3pxmttza.png FIG. I. Experimental photoelectron diffraction patterns of substrate and monolayer film signal. Intensity plots are shown in stereographic projection with the center showing normal emission and the circle showing emission at i't= 90°. White corresponds to highest intensity. (a) Monolayer of HBC on Au(l 11). Substrate Au4f712 (Eki~= 1170 ey) and Cls (Ekin=970 eV) signal. (b) Monolayer film on Cu(lll). Cu L3 VV (Ekin=919 eV), Cls (Ekin=970 eV). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-structural-data-of-the-two-dimensional-hbc-d-lms-on-uupil4hq.png TABLE I. Structural data of the two-dimensional HBC D.lms on Au(l 11) and Cu(U 1). The ± stands for the two possible domains on Cu'(l 11). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1-vo-dimensional-ordering-of-hbc-molecules-on-cu-ll-1-3g4kjx3z.png FIG. 2. 1\vo dimensional ordering of HBC molecules _on Cu(ll 1) (a) and Au(l ll)(b). Lattice vectors of the substrate and the molecular film a.re indicated with arrows. Lines labeled m indicate the molcular axis of HBC. https://scispace.com/papers/supramolecular-presentation-of-hyaluronan-onto-model-2eou3b2u7z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hs-pep-1-attaches-to-an-au-substrate-which-can-then-1hldbypp.png Figure 1: HS-Pep-1 attaches to an Au substrate which can then bind HA. Representative QCM-D data showing the normalised frequency (Δfn/n) and dissipation (ΔDn) shifts obtained at the 7th overtone (n = 7; 35 MHz) as a function of time for the deposition of HA onto HSPep-1 (A), Ac-Pep-1 (B), or PDL (C) modified Au-coated quartz crystal sensors with intermediate rinsing steps. Numbers refer to the adsorption of HS-Pep-1, Ac-Pep-1, or PDL (1), 1.5 MDa HA (3), and rinsing steps (2, and 4). The addition of a 0.01 mM HS-Pep-1, 0.01 mM Ac-Pep-1, or 0.1 mg/mL PDL in 150 mM NaCl (1) leads to a decrease in the frequency shift which is maintained upon washing (2). The addition of 1.5 MDa HA in 150 mM NaCl (3) to HS-Pep-1 or PDL-coated crystals causes a further decrease in frequency shift (A and C). The addition of 1.5 MDa HA in 150 mM NaCl (3) to Ac-Pep-1 coated crystals did not alter the https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-changes-in-df7-7-hz-and-dd7-at-the-ufvgpgwz.png Table 1: Average changes in Δf7/7 (Hz) and ΔD7 at the equilibrium, as measured by QCM-D, and modelled thickness (h, nm) and areal mass density (Δm, ng/cm2), derived using the Sauerbrey equation and the Voigt-based viscoelastic model. All values are the average of 3 independent experiments ± SD. (†Average of 2 independent experiments.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-increased-number-of-emt-cells-bind-to-ha-1cns1zlg.png Figure 5: Increased number of EMT cells bind to HA functionalized surfaces. Fluorescence microscopy images of CA1 and LUC4 cells cultured on the various surfaces for 5 days and stained with vimentin (VIM) and cytokeratin (CK) which are positive markers for EMT and epithelial cells, respectively. Scale bar is the same for all images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-luc4-cells-adhere-to-ha-immobilized-on-surfaces-28mykapy.png Figure 6: LUC4 cells adhere to HA immobilized on surfaces, remain attached and displayed constant shifting to and from an EMT phenotype. Snapshots from time-lapse imaging showing the morphology of LUC4 cells attached on HA (1.5 MDa) immobilized on Au stripes coated on glass slides via Pep-1 SAMs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hs-pep-1-ha-patterning-of-surfaces-using-contact-1gkykncz.png Figure 4: HS-Pep-1-HA patterning of surfaces using -contact printing. Schematic illustration of the PDMS stamp (grey) loaded with peptide (purple), which is transferred to the gold surface on contact. The peptide is then able to immobilise HA (red) (A). Chemical structure of the Texas Red-labelled HA (B). Fluorescence images of surfaces patterned with a HS-Pep-1-coated PDMS stamp then incubated with Texas Red-labelled 1.5 MDa HA, creating a spot pattern where HA is deposited in distinct foci (C) or a ‘negative’ drop pattern where HA forms a background coating (D). Scale bar = 200 µm on the large images and 100 µm on the inserts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-immobilisation-of-ha-1-5-mda-by-pdl-and-hs-pep-1-191lojnd.png Figure 3: Immobilisation of HA (1.5 MDa) by PDL and HS-Pep-1 produces substrates with different topographies. Representative AFM topographic images (10 10 µm2) of PDL-HA (A, C) and HS-Pep-1-HA (B, D) layers in dried (A, B) and hydrated (C, D) states, respectively. Bar graph showing the mean average roughness of HS-Pep-1-HA and PDL-HA samples under dry or hydrated conditions (E). n=3, error = SEM, * = p < 0.0332, (one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-molecular-weight-of-hyaluronic-acid-has-minimal-1izjrtoo.png Figure 2: Molecular weight of hyaluronic acid has minimal impact on its deposition on HSPep-1 and PDL coated surfaces. Bar graph showing the average areal mass density (A) and hydrodynamic thickness (B) of HA deposited onto either a HS-Pep-1 or PDL surface calculated using the Voigt-based viscoelastic model. Bar graph showing the change in the https://scispace.com/papers/supramolecular-self-assembly-of-a-new-multi-conformational-531wc9chee 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-crystal-data-and-structure-refinement-results-for-172jrr3m.png Table 1 Crystal data and structure refinement results for the Schiff base 4-(4- dimethylaminobenzylidene)aminoacetophenone. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-second-order-perturbation-theory-analysis-of-the-tq25qe9d.png Table 3 Second-order perturbation theory analysis of the Fock matrix for all the observed conformers of 4-(dimethyamino)benzylidene acetophenone calculated at B3LYP/6311þþG(d,p) approximation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-calculated-and-experimental-absorption-wavelengths-3w2kln2v.png Table 6 Calculated and experimental absorption wavelengths (nm) and oscillator strengths for the most significant transitions in 4-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene) aminoacetophenone. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-fluorescence-spectra-of-the-schiff-base-in-ch3cn-10dzg2ou.png Fig. 6. Fluorescence spectra of the Schiff base in CH3CN excited at 430 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-dsc-measurements-for-the-schiff-base-with-the-jqk87h5c.png Fig. 7. DSC measurements for the Schiff base with the corresponding POM images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-views-of-hirshfeld-surfaces-of-the-four-schiff-base-1ff364u4.png Fig. 2. Views of Hirshfeld surfaces of the four Schiff base conformers with thermal ellipsoids plotted at the 50% level of probability. For Conformer I, the surface in column 2 is rotated 180 around the horizontal axis of the plot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-and-calculated-b3lyp-6-311thg-2d-p-35pvqf29.png Fig. 5. Experimental and calculated (B3LYP/6-311þG(2d,p)) UVevisible spectra for Schiff base solutions in CHCl3 and DMF. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-between-experimental-and-b3lyp-calculated-3tucjhvg.png Table 5 Comparison between experimental and B3LYP calculated NMR chemical shifts (in ppm) https://scispace.com/papers/supramolecular-structure-of-a-new-family-of-circular-wib9mbz5up 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-ring-of-maf-contains-mafp3-but-not-mafp4-different-bxud7frd.png FIG. 5. The ring of MAF contains MAFp3 but not MAFp4. Different fractions obtained after dissociation and fractionation of MAF were loaded on a 3–20% SDS–PAGE, electroblotted, and decorated with polyclonal antibodies raised against MAFp3 (lanes 1–7) or MAFp4 (lanes 8–18). GuHCl-dissociated MAF fractions F1, F2, and F3 are shown. From EDTA-dissociated MAF, the excluded (E) and included (I) fractions are shown. F2 is also shown after HAse treatment (lanes 4 and 11), after TFMS deglycosylation (lanes 5 and 12), and after PNGase F digestion (lane 13). F3 is also shown after PNGase F digestion (lane 14). The included fraction from EDTAdissociated MAF is shown again before and after PNGase F digestion (lanes 17 and 18, respectively). Arrowheads indicate the gel origin. The approximate amount of protein loaded per lane is 1.5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cell-aggregation-assay-recombinant-mafp3-mafp4-and-1gfe7gg3.png FIG. 6. Cell aggregation assay. Recombinant MAFp3, MAFp4, and native MAF were used in the absence of calcium at the protein concentrations indicated. Pictures were taken after 30 min of rotary shaking (top three rows). Ca21 was then added to a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-proposed-model-for-the-structure-of-maf-a-afm-image-of-21tw8bu4.png FIG. 8. Proposed model for the structure of MAF. (A) AFM image of native MAF showing the localization of MAFp3 in the ring (black circumferences) and of MAFp4 in the arms (red lines). MAFp3 carries the g-200 glycan and MAFp4 the g-6 glycan. (B) Detail of an AFM image of MAF showing the ;15–16 domains (red dots) observed in each arm in the native structure. (C) AFM image of MAF rings and of an isolated rod-like chain (arrowhead). We suggest that in the native AF the rod-like molecule runs along the circumference of the ring, stabilizing its interaction with the arms. The enlarged inset shows a detail of the ring structure with short chains protruding that might represent the g-200 glycan (blue lines). The color-encoded vertical z-scale of all the images corresponds to 3 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-hyaluronidase-on-maf-a-scheme-indicating-the-4pzqi3o1.png FIG. 4. Effect of hyaluronidase on MAF. (A) Scheme indicating the stretches of 353 and 170 residues used to raise polyclonal antibodies against MAFp4 and MAFp3, respectively. (B) AFM image of native MAF. (C) AFM image of the middle fraction (F2) of GuHCl-dissociated MAF. The inset shows an isolated subunit containing one arm attached to one beaded structure from the ring from which two short chains protrude. (D) AFM image of the excluded fraction of EDTA-dissociated MAF. The color-encoded vertical z-scale of all AFM images corresponds to 3 nm. (E) Native MAF (lane 1), two different F2 fractions (lanes 3 and 5), and the excluded fraction of EDTA-dissociated MAF (lane 7) were analyzed in a 1% agarose gel, transferred to a positively charged nylon membrane, and decorated with antibodies raised against MAFp3 (lanes 9–17), against MAFp4 (lanes 18–25), or against the g-200 glycan (lane 26) prior to staining with Alcian blue (lanes 1–8). ;30 mg of protein was loaded per lane. All fractions are shown before and after hyaluronidase digestion (2HAse and 1HAse, respectively). The sample loaded in lane 3 is also shown after TFMS deglycosylation (lane 17) and after HAse1PNGase F treatment (lane 26). The molecular masses given are approximate and were deduced from a combination of SDS–PAGE analyses of the same samples (for the lower molecular masses) and from the addition of the masses of the different protein and carbohydrate components that are assembled in the larger structures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-characterization-of-included-and-excluded-fractions-a-28375s73.png FIG. 3. Characterization of included and excluded fractions. (A and B) Ca21-dependent aggregation assay at 20 mM Ca21 of synthetic beads coupled to excluded (A) and included (B) fractions. Confocal microscope pictures were taken after 3 h of aggregation. (C) Selective retention of the excluded fraction from EDTA-dissociated MAF by intact MAF but not by intact HAF. 100 mg of MAF (1MAF) or HAF (1HAF) was mixed with 20 mg of https://scispace.com/papers/supramolecularly-fine-regulated-enantioselective-catalysts-3zwrw30ryi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-catalytic-results-obtained-for-ahs-of-arylenamides-1s4t1vqk.png Table 6. Catalytic results obtained for AHs of -arylenamides by Fan and He et al. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-supramolecularly-regulated-ligand-for-ahs-reported-by-23xt4yl4.png Fig. 5. Supramolecularly regulated ligand for AHs reported by Fan and He et al. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-supramolecularly-regulated-ligand-for-ahfs-reported-by-vk60ifu4.png Fig. 6. Supramolecularly regulated ligand for AHFs reported by Vidal-Ferran et al. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-supramolecularly-regulated-catalysts-for-asymmetric-2a2zz84s.png Fig. 12. Supramolecularly regulated catalysts for asymmetric Michael additions reported by Clarke et al. https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-catalytic-results-obtained-for-asymmetric-michael-1gfn9z7p.png Table 12. Catalytic results obtained for asymmetric Michael additions by Clarke et al. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-supramolecularly-regulated-ligand-for-aass-reported-by-2w7fxb59.png Fig. 1. Supramolecularly regulated ligand for AASs reported by Ito et al. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-catalytic-results-obtained-for-ahfs-by-vidal-ferran-1cifltd2.png Table 7. Catalytic results obtained for AHFs by Vidal-Ferran et al. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-rhodium-derived-supramolecular-complexes-and-2b1ijdlj.png Fig. 7. Rhodium-derived supramolecular complexes and representation of the ee values versus calculated PRhP bond angle value. https://scispace.com/papers/suprathermal-magnetospheric-atomic-and-molecular-heavy-ions-2cp9vkns77 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-earth-s-dayside-molecular-ion-number-density-3kquj54g.png Figure 2. Earth's dayside molecular ion number density profiles of N2 +, NO+, and O2 + at ~60°N latitude around Spring equinox calculated for solar maximum (MAX) and minimum (MIN) conditions from (a) the SAMI3 ionosphere model near local noon and (b) the WACCM‐X thermosphere/ionosphere model for a one‐month narrow‐latitude zonal average; see text for input parameter and run information. Unique symbols identify and differentiate the three MI species' altitude profile similarities and differences. The red and blue shaded areas indicate altitude ranges that vary with solar cycle in which the N2 +, NO+ densities are approximately equal and O2 + levels are somewhat lower, but not absent. This unique molecular ion composition signature is characteristic of outflowing MI (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-superposition-of-the-pha-distributions-of-lunar-18vbuzg3.png Figure 8. The superposition of the PHA distributions of lunar pickup ions, PUI, mostly Si+, and ionospheric N2 + in the near‐Earth solar wind, SW/IM, PHA distributions is investigated using two different comparisons. (A) The suprathermal (~87–212 keV/e) ion data are all from the SW/IM plasma regime near Earth. Solid curves are smoothed, interpolated fits to the data in Figure 3D. The shape of neither the 28Ma+, 28‐amu (orange), nor 30Ma+, 30‐amu (purple), ion mass distribution, is similar to the corresponding bimodal SPHERE MI shapes at Earth or Saturn (see the scaled SPHERE shape in panel 8B and Figure 4C). Expecting a smaller lunar PUI background in the 30Ma+ data based on previous measurements by Mall et al. (1998), we approximate Earth's MI portion of the 28Ma+ SW/IM data by scaling the 30Ma+ curve upward (dashed purple curve), and subtract this from the SW/IM 28Ma+ (orange) curve. This results in the black dashed curve, a crude estimate of lunar PUI (mostly Si+ and Al+) contributing to the 28Ma+ data, which has a shape similar to the SW/IM O+ (shown also as the red dashed curve shifted to ~30 amu). Differences between the Fit and Data below the gray horizontal area drawn at ~10‐12 counts are not statistically significant. (B, C, and D) In a different treatment investigating possible components of the SW/IM 28Ma+SW data, we construct a Fit from a scaled combination of Earth's SPHERE MI, 28Ma+SP and 30Ma+SP, ions added to different ratios of relevant lunar atomic PUI populations. Al+, Si+, and P+ were identified by Mall et al. (1998) as the principal Mass‐30 ions. Separately, in a panel below each set of PUI and Fit curves, the difference between our Fit and the measured 28Ma+SW ions is shown along with dashed +1 to ‐3 standard deviation curves for the Data. In panel 8B, we use our derived Mall et al. relative proportions (see text) and in panel 8C, we adjust the PUI Al+, Si+, and P+ relative proportions to get a better visual fit. Finally, in panel 8D, in order to further reduce the Fit‐‐‐Data differences, we combine those best‐fit lunar PUI proportions with a hypothetical lunar Fe+2 population to compare to the Data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-a-sketch-of-the-earth-blue-dot-at-center-the-moon-37dksmb0.png Figure 7. (A) A sketch of the Earth (blue dot at center), the Moon's orbital range, and Geotail orbital range, ~9 < R < 35 Re. Two spatial criteria for considering possible lunar pickup ion influence in Geotail/STICS suprathermal (~87–212 keV/e) ion measurements are the lunar local time (LLT) and the ‘Lunar Wake’. LLT marks the orbital location of the Moon with respect to the Earth‐Sun line. At 10 ≤ LLT ≤ 13 hours, LLT‐Sector 3, the Moon is sunward of Geotail's nominal orbital XGSE ‐YGSE range. From favorable orbit locations ~60 Re sunward of Earth, the Moon can convectively contribute pickup ions to our SW/IM data near Earth. The ‘LunarWake’, drawn here with a ~25 Re width to include heavy ion (e.g., CO2 + or Fe+) gyroradii in the nominal (~7‐9 nT) interplanetary magnetic field at 1 AU, is probably always present, varying in strength, and is likely important in supplying lunar PUI to near‐Earth locations. Selected segments of Geotail orbits, the dotted traces near Earth, terminate when an Fe+ was observed during low to moderate solar/geomagnetic conditions. White (black) squares indicate Fe+ observations obtained when the Moon was (not) in LLT‐Sector 3. Red dots show other measured Fe+ data. Arrows point from underlined labels to three near‐Earth plasma regimes. The LOBE (not shown) overlies the SPHERE. (B,C) Four panels at (B) High‐Kp and (C) Low‐Kp levels enable investigation of some possible observable effects of lunar PUIs intermixed with Earth's escaped ionospheric ions which are related to the Moon's orbital location. The effects differ between observations made in the four near‐Earth plasma regimes used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-heavy-suprathermal-chems-83-167-kev-e-stics-87-212-1fq28co1.png Figure 1. Heavy suprathermal (CHEMS, ~83–167 keV/e; STICS, ~87–212 keV/e) ion Pulse Height Analysis PHA data obtained by (top) Geotail in and near Earth's magnetosphere; (middle) Cassini during its Jupiter flyby and in the interplanetary medium from ~3 to 9 AU when S+ was measured; and (bottom) Cassini in Saturn's ≲20 Rs magnetosphere (see text for details). The PHA data are presented as (a, left) mass‐per‐charge (M/Q) histograms and (b, right) mass (M) versus M/Q color spectrograms (color bars suppressed). Stars at right and horizontal dashed lines identify M = 32 amu. All data were adjusted slightly in order to center N+, O+, and S+ on their atomic mass in order to account for instrument and spacecraft electronics differences. Mass‐30 ions include ~27–33 amu/e. General sources of the Mass‐30 ions at each planet are noted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mass-distributions-of-mass-30-suprathermal-chems-at-n5b8ut6x.png Figure 4. Mass distributions of Mass‐30 suprathermal (CHEMS at Saturn, ~83–167 keV/e; STICS at Earth, ~87–212 keV/ e) ion data at Saturn and Earth highlight atomic and molecular ion (MI) differences. Data points and smoothed fits are shown. The indeterminate species descriptors “28Ma+” and “30Ma+” are used as ion species channel names in this figure for primarily singly charged Mass‐30 ions selected in narrow M/Q ranges near 28 and 30 amu/e because it is clear that there is an admixture of ion species in at least two cases. The identifier “Ma” represents a M‐M/Q spectrogram selection over a limited M/Q, but wide M, range in which the selected ions' species identification is sometimes complex (see text for the full discussion). Mass histograms of 28Ma+, 30Ma+, and/or 32Ma+, heavy ion species having mass numbers of 28, 30, and 32 amu, respectively, are likely dominated by one or a combination of the ions identified as 28M+ (CO+, N2 +, HCNH+, and/or C2H4 + at Saturn and N2 + at Earth), NO+, and O2 +. At Saturn, data from mid‐2004 through 2007 containing: (a) All intervals when Cassini was in Saturn's magnetosphere, the Sphere, at ~4 < R < 20 RS and (b) only intervals in the solar wind for which an outbound and a subsequent inbound bow shock (BS) crossing were identified, including travel to and from apoapsis, thus placing Cassini in the Solar Wind near Saturn at R > RBS, the distance of Cassini's bow shock encounters. Representative uncertainties are shown near the right vertical axis in (b). At Earth, data from early 1995 through 2015 are shown for intervals when Geotail was in (c) the SPHERE, Earth's magnetosphere, and (d) the SW/IM, the near Earth, unshocked, solar wind of the interplanetary medium. See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cassini-s-measurements-of-jovian-and-solar-wind-q0mrbqo9.png Figure 3. Cassini's measurements of Jovian and solar wind/interplanetary medium suprathermal (~83–167 keV/e) ion populations during: (top) the Jupiter flyby between inbound and outbound bow shock encounters; (middle) the extended interval over which S+ from Jupiter was detected in the solar wind before, during, and after the Jupiter flyby; and (bottom) the ~3‐ year Cassini cruise to Saturn, excluding the extended ~1‐year interval of Jovian fluxes from the middle panel. The tentative identification of Jovian magnetospheric Ca+ and CO2 + are noted by lighter dotted lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-histograms-of-n-o-andmass-30-ion-phas-ordered-bym-q-2tzldzpf.png Figure 9. Histograms of N+, O+, andMass 30 ion PHAs ordered byM/Q from (A) this study's farthest upstreamGeotail/STICS data compared to that from (B) Mall et al. (1998) and Hilchenbach et al. (1992). Mass‐30 molecular ion, MI (blue text), and lunar pickup ions, PUI (tan text), masses are identified. The MI generate higher M/Q values (asterisked values) than atomic ions of the same mass (see text). Our farthest upstream ~87‐212 keV/e ion data were measured sunward of the bow shock at XGSE ≥ 20 Re out to R ~ 30.5 Re over approximately 2 full solar cycles. Hilchenbach et al. (1992) measured ~80‐226 keV/e lunar PUIs sunward of the bow shock at R ≤ 18.7 Re over 3 months in late‐1985. Mall et al. (1998) presented two PHA histograms of Wind/STICS measurements of ~20‐200 keV/e lunar (PUI) obtained from 1995 to 1997 sunward of Earth near the Moon at >17 lunar radii. Given their study's lower number of counts, we summed their two PHA histograms into one (see text). N+ and O+ are shown for reference. Both the Hilchenbach et al. (1992) and Mall et al. (1998) data were obtained during minimum solar activity conditions. (C) This panel compares our farthest upstream data (black) to that from the overall SPHERE shape (red), which is dominated by MI, and to the 37 low to moderate solar/geomagnetic condition orbits used for the traces in Figure 7A (blue). Si+ is both a major ionospheric origin ion from IDPs (Plane et al., 2016) and one of the major lunar pickup ions (e.g., Mall et al., 1998; Poppe et al., 2016). The quiet interval data show little similarity to our farthest upstream data, but do show evidence of peaks at Mg+ and Si+ (ionospheric ions) superposed on ions with the overall shape of the SPHERE data, but Al+ and P+ (lunar pickup ions) are not evident. The data are translated vertically to match values near ~32 amu/e. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-averages-of-suprathermal-87-212-kev-e-n-o-fe-mass-3udjjgcq.png Figure 6. Averages of suprathermal (~87–212 keV/e) N+, O+, Fe+, Mass‐30 ions (28Mq+ and 30Mq+) and Mass‐40 ions 3‐hr PHA count sums are plotted versus interval averages of (A, B) Kp and (C) F10.7 values from 1995 to 2015. In (A) and (B), all data are shown. In (B) the data are from two plasma regimes, SPHERE (open symbols) and SW/IM (closed symbols). Uncertainties, standard error of the mean, are generally smaller than the point size. Horizontal bars in (C) indicate F10.7 ranges. Kp averages are over the ‐, o, + range of the Kp index integer values. Dashed and dotted lines in (A and C) are intended to guide the eye in comparing the heavier ions to N+ and O+ (see text). The dotted extension of the Fe+ line in (A) highlights the outlying Kp = 3 average which is also apparent in the SW/IM data. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-and-core-contribution-to-1-f-noise-in-inas-nanowire-bmmy93xcuf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-illustration-of-an-inas-nw-mosfet-showing-31xi4jwc.png FIG. 1. (a) Schematic illustration of an InAs NW MOSFET showing the different contacts and separation layers. (b) Output characteristics for an InAs NW MOSFET with measured data, IDS,meas, and simulated data, IDS,sim, nor- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-measured-data-for-an-inas-mosfet-device-where-the-two-2d9a5gzr.png FIG. 3. Measured data for an InAs MOSFET device, where the two distinct regions of conduction, core and surface, have been indicated with a red and blue colored background area, respectively. The plots are showing (a) transfer characteristics, (b) SID/IDS 2 versus IDS, and (c) VOD dependence for calculation of the Hooge-parameter aHooge (for lbulk¼ 4000 cm2/Vs. The measured IDS, the green solid line, is in (c) fitted with a MOSFET model, with an inner channel, red dashed line, and without an inner channel, dashed dotted black line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-sid-plotted-versus-frequency-f-for-an-inas-mosfet-1uaiga8f.png FIG. 2. (a) SID plotted versus frequency, f, for an InAs MOSFET with increasing VGS. (b) SID/IDS 2 plotted versus IDS and (c) SVG LG WG plotted versus VOD, both graphs showing the data of several devices. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-and-bulk-landau-levels-in-thin-films-of-weyl-23w3ehnaan 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-energy-bands-of-a-thin-film-of-ws-in-a-setup-with-108ecilt.png FIG. 11. Energy bands of a thin film of WS in a setup with magnetic field parallel to the line connecting opposite Weyl nodes and perpendicular to the faces of the film. The levels have been computed for a bar with transverse dimension L = 80 nm and depth W = 20 nm and values of the magnetic field, from (a) to (d), equal to 30, 40, 60, and 80 T. The parameters used to model the WS are m0 = 0.8 eV, m1 = 1.6 eV nm2, v = 0.5 eV nm. The quantity (m0 − m1B)/v √ B equals, from (a) to (d), ≈6.82, 5.71, 4.34, 3.48. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-energy-bands-of-a-thin-film-of-ws-in-a-setup-with-1ynpfolf.png FIG. 10. Energy bands of a thin film of WS in a setup with magnetic field parallel to the line connecting opposite Weyl nodes and perpendicular to the faces of the film. Calculations are made in a bar with transverse dimension L = 80 nm and depth W = 20 nm under a magnetic field of B = 30 T. Model parameters are (a) m0 = 1.0 eV, m1 = 2.0 eV nm2, v = 0.1 eV nm [(m0 − m1B)/v √ B 42.62] and (b) m0 = 0.1 eV, m1 = 0.2 eV nm2, v = https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-profiles-of-the-probability-density-along-the-depth-of-2sa2lcd7.png FIG. 9. Profiles of the probability density along the depth of a bar for two eigenstates of WS with the same geometry and parameters as in Fig. 8, but with the longitudinal dimension of the bar running parallel to the line connecting the Weyl nodes. The profiles are taken for respective sections (a) at the center of the bar x = 0 and (b) at a distance x of 3 nm from the edge. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-view-of-the-geometry-of-the-hall-bar-2ep0yrl3.png FIG. 1. Schematic view of the geometry of the Hall bar considered in the paper, with finite width in the x direction and infinite dimension in the longitudinal y direction. The different cases in (a) and (b) correspond to setups with the line connecting the Weyl points (large dots) being perpendicular and parallel to the transverse magnetic field, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-profiles-of-probability-density-for-the-same-2jgxhhxw.png FIG. 14. Profiles of probability density for the same respective states considered in Fig. 13, but taken now along the depth of the thin film, for sections at the center of the bar x = 0 (left plots) and at a distance x of 2 nm from the edge (right plots). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-energy-bands-of-a-thin-film-of-ws-in-a-setup-with-2iyvp88p.png FIG. 12. Energy bands of a thin film of WS in a setup with magnetic field parallel to the line connecting opposite Weyl nodes and perpendicular to the faces of the film. The levels have been computed for a bar with transverse dimension L = 60 nm, depth W = 20 nm, and magnetic field B = 30 T. The model of WS has parameters m1 = 1.0 eV nm2, v = 0.5 eV nm, and m0 taking values, from (a) to (d), equal to 1.2, 0.6, 0.2, and 0.1 eV [(m0 − m1B)/v √ B 10.82, 5.2, 1.45, 0.51, respectively]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-and-b-profiles-of-the-probability-density-for-two-28jf7us7.png FIG. 13. (a) and (b) Profiles of the probability density for two different eigenstates in the highest holelike band below the gap in the band structure shown in Fig. 10(b) (Weyl-cone regime), corresponding to (a) ky = 0 and (b) ky = 1.85 nm−1. The profiles are taken along the transverse dimension of the bar, at a depth of 10 nm from the surface. (c) and (d) Profiles for the same momenta as in (a) and (b) of the respective states in the inversion regime in Fig. 10(a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-energy-bands-of-a-slab-of-ws-in-a-perpendicular-2eu31mka.png FIG. 3. Energy bands of a slab of WS in a perpendicular magnetic field as a function of the depth in the z direction for B = 30 T. The parameters are the same as in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-characterization-of-epitaxial-cu-rich-cuinse-2-168yiiz3ng 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-kelvin-probe-force-microscopy-kpfm-image-under-vacuum-564xmzel.png Fig. 5: Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) image under vacuum conditions. (a) Topography and (b) surface potential images. The arrows indicate the crystallographic directions of the GaAs substrate. From the line profile, we related the difference in the surface potential to the different facets of the crystal. Differences up to 250 meV is measured between the facets (100) and (112). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-scanning-electron-microscopy-sem-of-the-cu-rich-cis-1cx0fxep.png Fig. 3: (a) Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) of the Cu-rich CIS sample. Atomic force microscopy in a flat region of the SEM image (c-d) topography, (e-f) amplitude and (g-h) phase contrast. Features with 2nm height are observed in the sample after KCN chemical etching. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-and-friction-behavior-of-a-silicone-surfactant-2dn3q0lbss 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-water-droplets-on-modified-pp-surfaces-after-0-5-10-24nm91ev.png Figure 5. Water droplets on modified PP surfaces after 0, 5, 10, and 15 min sonication treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-afm-friction-force-signal-as-a-function-of-the-1i6cbw74.png Figure 6. AFM friction force signal as a function of the position of the AFM tip scanned on a layer of silicone-based surfactant adsorbed on PP (a), PET (b), nylon (c), and silica (d). The lateral force measurements were performed in three different media, air, water, and silicone surfactant solution (4.3 × CMC or 0.03 w/v%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-relationship-between-adsorption-amount-ng-cm2-and-smz4458j.png Figure 7. (a) Relationship between adsorption amount (ng/cm2) and friction coefficient (normalized with respect to silica surfaces measured in air) for silicone surfactant adsorbed from 4.3 × CMC solution on PP, PET, nylon, and silica surfaces. (b) Normalized friction coefficient for different surfaces measured with a bare tip in air, water, and silicone surfactant solution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-water-contact-angles-of-the-surfaces-before-and-18j26j9f.png Table 1. Water Contact Angles of the Surfaces before and after Adsorption of Silicone Surfactant https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemical-formula-of-the-main-component-of-the-30rhh6o3.png Figure 1. Chemical formula of the main component of the silicone surfactant used in this investigation.28 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-surface-tension-isotherm-of-the-silicone-based-32ujq03b.png Figure 2. Surface tension isotherm of the silicone-based surfactant used in this investigation (25 °C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sauerbrey-adsorbed-mass-for-silicone-based-3u5ojp6i.png Figure 4. Sauerbrey adsorbed mass for silicone-based surfactants adsorbing on PP, PET, nylon, and silica before rinsing (reversible adsorption, a) and after rinsing (irreversible adsorption, b) with water. The experimental standard deviation for all data collected is shown as error bars for each condition. The lines are meant to guide the eyes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-values-of-third-overtone-qcm-frequency-a-and-12ttwxef.png Figure 3. Mean values of third overtone QCM frequency (a) and energy dissipation (b) as a function of time upon injection of silicone surfactant solution on silica surfaces at various aqueous solution concentrations (from 3 × 10-6 to 3 × 10-2 w/v%) indicated by the respective arrows for concentrations expressed as multiple units of the CMC. The experiments were conducted in open (continuous) flow configuration and with an injection rate of 0.1 mL/min. The dips observed in the profiles after adsorption plateau were produced after rinsing the system with water. Behaviors similar to that observed for silica were obtained for PP, PET, and nylon surfaces (data not shown). https://scispace.com/papers/surface-chemical-and-colorimetric-analysis-of-reactively-2y9gxcq1o5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-iso-105-co9-laundering-conditions-with-and-1jyh0cjm.png Table 3. Effect of ISO 105 CO9 Laundering Conditions, with and without Perborate, on the 1 Surface XPS Atomic Composition and Colour of C. I. Reactive Red 228 Dyed Lyocell 2 Fabric. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-iso-105-co9-laundering-conditions-with-and-8hqltazf.png Table 4. Effect of ISO 105 CO9 Laundering Conditions, with and without Perborate, on the 1 Surface XPS Atomic Nitrogen Composition, Colour Strength and Lightness of C. I. Reactive 2 Black 5 Dyed Lyocell Fabric. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-colour-of-reactively-dyed-cotton-fabrics-following-37mxw26t.png Figure 4. Colour of Reactively Dyed Cotton Fabrics Following Stripping with Sequential 1 Acid/Alkali/Peroxide Solutions. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structures-of-reactive-dyes-used-in-study-1-2-f845nars.png Figure 1 Structures of Reactive Dyes used in Study 1 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-exhaustion-fixation-and-nitrogen-content-of-hf8d5k8r.png Table 1. The Exhaustion, Fixation and Nitrogen Content of Reactive Dyes at the Surface and 1 within the Bulk of Dyed Lyocell Fabrics. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lightness-l-of-reactive-dyed-4-o-m-f-cotton-fabric-sgwa49fv.png Figure 3. Lightness, L*, of Reactive Dyed (4% o.m.f.) Cotton Fabric Treated with Sequential 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-colour-strength-k-s-of-reactive-dyed-4-o-m-f-cotton-2orhq2ri.png Figure 2. Colour Strength, K/S, of Reactive Dyed (4% o.m.f.) Cotton Fabric Treated with 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-iso-105-co9-laundering-conditions-with-and-3ddxyy4x.png Table 2. Effect of ISO 105 CO9 Laundering Conditions, with and without Perborate, on the 1 Surface XPS Atomic Nitrogen Composition, Colour Strength and Lightness of C. I. Reactive 2 Blue 19 Dyed Lyocell Fabric. 3 https://scispace.com/papers/surface-chemistry-and-spectroscopy-of-chromium-in-inorganic-5dnw014r22 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-behavior-of-cr-in-the-environment-chromium-ions-can-489fwj8c.png Figure 1. Behavior of Cr in the environment. Chromium ions can be released from natural chromium sources or by man in the environment, where it is susceptible to redox and homogeneous and/or heterogeneous reactions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-drs-a-and-rs-b-spectra-of-hydrated-cr-on-an-alumina-2klz7k8e.png Figure 4. DRS (A) and RS (B) spectra of hydrated Cr on an alumina surface for increasing Cr loading (Reprinted from ref 93. Copyright 1995 Royal Chemical Society.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-surface-chemistry-of-hydrated-cr-on-amorphous-m6xq6i4i.png Figure 5. Surface chemistry of hydrated Cr on amorphous surfaces, showing the relation between the polymerization degree of Cr on the one hand and the isoelectric point of the support and the Cr loading on the other hand (redrawn from ref 106). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-anchoring-reaction-of-chromate-on-an-alumina-34whjulr.png Figure 6. Anchoring reaction of chromate on an alumina support. Reaction of Cr with the hydroxyl groups and dehydroxylation process of the surface oxide (redrawn from ref 106). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-application-of-the-combined-drs-esr-method-on-the-vevgs3x8.png Figure 16. Application of the combined DRS-ESR method on the spectra of Cr/Al2O3 catalysts as a function of reduction temperature: (I) Series of DRS spectra with increasing reduction temperature [reduction at 200 C (A); 300 C (B); 400 C (C) and 600 C (D)]; (II) deconvoluted diffuse reflectance spectra (same abbrevations as under I); (III) experimental (A) and simulated (B) ESR spectrum of Cr5+ on alumina; (IV) DRS calibration lines of Cr6+ and Cr3+; (V) distribution of Cr6+, Cr5+, Cr3+, and Cr2+ ions on alumina as a function of pretreatment [(A) calcination at 550 °C; (B) reduction at 200 °C; (C) reduction at 300 °C, (D) reduction at 400 °C; (E) reduction at 600 °C; and (F) recalcination at 550 °C]. (Reprinted from refs 46 and 56. Copyright 1995 and 1993 American Chemical Society, respectively.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pictorial-representation-of-a-phillips-29f6g18w.png Figure 2. Pictorial representation of a Phillips Polymerization Catalyst (Cr/SiO2). Interaction between ethylene molecules and supported Cr and oligomerization of ethylene. [Space-filling molecular model (as generated by Hyperchem): green, chromium; blue, oxygen; yellow, carbon; red, hydrogen; and gray, oxidic support]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-drs-spectra-of-calcined-cr-sio2-catalysts-for-3us1h60o.png Figure 8. DRS spectra of calcined Cr/SiO2 catalysts for increasing Cr loading. (A) Industrially prepared pyrogenic silica and (B) sol-gel method based silica. (Part A: redrawn from ref 94. (Part B: Reprinted from ref 93. Copyright 1995 Royal Chemical Society.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-rs-spectra-of-calcined-cr-al2o3-catalysts-for-1s32mqlx.png Figure 7. RS spectra of calcined Cr/Al2O3 catalysts for increasing Cr loading. (Reprinted from ref 64. Copyright 1992 American Chemical Society). https://scispace.com/papers/surface-condensation-of-a-pioneer-transcription-factor-on-5e55unbkbc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-klf4-forms-phase-separated-condensates-in-vitro-a-sds-29g6x7l1.png Fig. 1. Klf4 forms phase separated condensates in vitro. a, SDS gel showing recombinantly expressed and purified MBP-Klf4-GFP. b, Test of the affinity of Klf4-GFP to short dsDNA oligonucleotides in the presence (red) or absence (black) of specific binding sites using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA; see also Extended Data Fig. 2). Error bars, standard deviation of three independent experiments. c, Top row, phase separation assay of Klf4-GFP reveals bulk droplet formation above a saturation concentration of ~1.2 µM (see Extended Data Fig. 3a). Bottom row, the addition of l-DNA to 750 nM of Klf4-GFP triggers foci formation. d, Confocal microscopy images of Klf4-GFP droplets reveal liquid-like properties, as assessed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP; see also Extended Data Fig. 3b) and droplet fusion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-klf4-forms-dynamic-foci-on-a-single-molecule-of-l-dna-3ijcg4sf.png Fig. 2. Klf4 forms dynamic foci on a single molecule of l-DNA stretched in the optical tweezer. a, Sketch of the optical tweezer assay depicting a single λ-DNA molecule (black) adhered to a bead at each end via a biotin-streptavidin interaction (red and orange). Beads were held in place in two optical traps (orange cones), and the bead-DNA construct was subjected to approximately 8 pN of tension (Extended Data Fig. 4f, g). Transfer of the construct to a solution containing Klf4-GFP (light green dots) triggered Klf4 foci formation on DNA (dark green). b, A representative confocal image of Klf4-GFP on DNA 200 s after exposure of DNA to protein. c, Left, kymograph revealing foci formation and dynamics for the experiment shown in b. White horizontal bar indicates the approximate extent of foci displacement on DNA (see also Extended Data Fig. 6). Right, foci fusion observed in the indicated region in the kymograph (white box). See also Supplementary Video 1. d, The average number of Klf4-GFP molecules per focus increased with time and saturated at approximately 800 molecules. Black line indicates the mean, grey region the standard error of the mean at 95% confidence from 20 foci in 13 experiments at 250 nM Klf4GFP. Subsequent FRAP experiments displayed nearly complete recovery, indicating exchange of Klf4-GFP molecules between the foci on DNA and solution (Extended Data Fig. 5 and Supplementary Video 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-physics-of-prewetting-captures-the-switching-to-a-2aygyid1.png Fig. 4. The physics of prewetting captures the switching to a condensed state of Klf4 on DNA. a, Phase diagram for a binary fluid in the presence of a surface10,44 (top). In the coexistence regime (dark green, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS)) and close to the surface, the dense phase transits from partial to complete wetting when the system crosses a characteristic temperature (yellow dashed line). This first-order transition extends into the single-phase region to the left through the prewetting line (solid yellow line). Crossing the prewetting line at a constant temperature (dashed red line) leads to the formation of a condensed thick layer from an initially thin adsorbed layer (bottom row, left and middle). Above the saturation concentration CSAT for LLPS, liquid droplets appear spontaneously in the bulk (bottom row, right). b, A heterogeneous one-dimensional two-state model captures the prewetting transition (top, see Supplementary Note). DNA is considered as a 1D lattice of sites which can be in either one of two states, adsorbed or condensed. Sites have an inhomogeneous propensity for condensation drawn from an asymmetric distribution (Extended Data Fig. 14b). An example kymograph reveals that the model captures the spacing, growth, and size of condensed regions of Klf4 (middle) when compared to an experimental kymograph at 104 nM Klf4-GFP and thresholded to display only the condensed state in white (bottom). c, We suggest that promoters or enhancers with a more favourable DNA surface for interaction display a lower prewetting concentration CPW for pioneer factors than regions with less favourable surfaces (see text for details). If the pioneer factor concentration is above this threshold, an initially adsorbed state will switch to a condensed state and form a microphase which in turn causes partitioning of downstream factors and the formation of a functional transcriptional hub for activating gene expression. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-klf4-foci-on-dna-switch-from-an-adsorbed-to-a-2yomng8v.png Fig. 3. Klf4 foci on DNA switch from an adsorbed to a condensed state. a, Representative confocal images at three different concentrations of Klf4-GFP (upper 3 panels) together with corresponding Klf4-GFP intensity profiles (lower 3 panels). The light and dark green areas indicate intensity values that correspond to the adsorbed and condensed state, respectively (as classified in b). b, A probability density histogram of the logarithm of pixel intensities for all experiments with a Klf4 concentration between 210 and 281 nM (N=37) reveals a bimodal distribution. Black line, fit of the logarithm of intensities to the sum of two normal distributions shown individually by light and dark green lines. The intensity at which these two distributions intersect defines the threshold pixel intensity of 658.5 counts for classification between the adsorbed (light green bar, Ads.) and condensed (dark green bar, Cond.) state (see Methods and Extended Data Fig 9). c, Probability density of the logarithm of intensities as a function of time after exposure of DNA to Klf4-GFP for concentrations between 3 and 80 nM (top, N=60) and for concentrations between 210 and 281 nM (bottom, N=37). Experiments in the high concentration range (bottom) reveal https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-saturation-and-prewetting-concentrations-for-klf4-3t7ubmqf.png Table 1. Saturation and prewetting concentrations for Klf4. *Highest concentration tested. Sample does not phase separate. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-core-level-be-shifts-for-cao-100-insights-into-4pald15m6h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sizes-of-the-bulk-and-surface-ca-and-o-ions-as-given-2xzgf1u8.png Table 3 Sizes of the bulk and surface Ca and O ions as given by the sums of hzi and hr2i for the outer shell corresponding orbitals, 3s and 3p for Ca and 2s and 2p for O; the differences between bulk and surface properties, D(S–B), are also given. The hzi are in Å and of hr2i in Å2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-ca-2p-and-o-1s-scls-as-the-cao-100-surface-layer-3p7wod1q.png Table 5 The Ca(2p) and O(1s) SCLS as the CaO(100) surface layer, relaxation, or the surface atom, corrugation, is moved along the surface normal by Dz; see text. The SCLS are in eV https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-xps-spectra-of-the-ca-2p3-2-core-level-peak-with-the-sz8ypujj.png Fig. 2 XPS spectra of the Ca 2p3/2 core level peak with the surface sensitivity varied by changing (a) the photon energy and (b) the photoemission angle. Peak heights are normalized for clarity. A decomposition of the total XPS, green online, into bulk, red online, and surface, blue online, contributions is made. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-energy-balance-and-turbulence-characteristics-1tyce8cr09 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ogives-of-a-velocity-variances-for-u-u-v-v-and-w-w-1fy0gg8w.png Figure 1. Ogives of a) velocity variances (for u' u' , v' v' and w' w' ) and b) vertical https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-for-the-period-20-to-22-may-1998-julian-day-140-to-fclclupt.png Figure 9. For the period 20 to 22 May 1998 (Julian Day 140 to 142) the time variation of the: net downward long wave radiation (FL), net energy flux into the surface (I) and liquid water content (LWC) and b) snow and ice temperatures at a depth of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-for-the-vertical-velocity-the-autocorrelation-1aftqt0p.png Figure 5. For the vertical velocity the autocorrelation function ρw(ξ) (solid line) and its integral (dashed line) as a function of the space lag ξ for 1000 to 1100 UTC 1 May 1998: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ogives-of-a-velocity-variances-for-u-u-v-v-and-w-w-29tcc80z.png Figure 1. Ogives of a) velocity variances (for u' u' , v' v' and w' w' ) and b) vertical https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-for-the-period-20-to-22-may-1998-julian-day-140-to-2fcxpjmw.png Figure 9. For the period 20 to 22 May 1998 (Julian Day 140 to 142) the time variation of the: net downward long wave radiation (FL), net energy flux into the surface (I) and liquid water content (LWC) and b) snow and ice temperatures at a depth of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-normalized-standard-deviation-of-the-vertical-9s8um5iz.png Figure 3. The normalized standard deviation of the vertical velocity fluctuations as a function of stability z/Λ: FIRE III • and Cabauw o. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-standard-deviation-of-the-velocity-fluctuations-17w421sn.png Table 1. The standard deviation of the velocity fluctuations normalized with the friction velocity u* for May 1998 at the SHEBA site, both for the filtered and unfiltered data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-components-of-the-surface-energy-balance-4-1-e6nfd54r.png Table 2. The components of the surface energy balance (4.1) averaged over the month of May 1998 at the SHEBA site. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-energy-balance-evapotranspiration-and-surface-1mzu35dp7a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-change-in-field-surface-conditions-during-the-2007-28udmiom.png Figure 1. Change in field surface conditions during the 2007/2008 non-growing season (a) immediately after crop harvest, (b) during snow cover, (c) during snow melt, and (d) toward the end of the non-growing season. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-monthly-averages-of-surface-energy-balance-1uqqvshu.png Figure 6. Monthly averages of surface energy balance components measured in the research field during the non-growing seasons: (a) 2006/2007, (b) 2007/2008, and (c) 2008/2009. Rn = net radiation, LE = latent heat flux (actual evapotranspiration), H = sensible heat flux, and G = ground heat flux. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-d-relationships-between-daily-et-and-etr-values-2k12a793.png Figure 9. (a-d) Relationships between daily ET and ETr values and (e-h) regression plots between daily ET vs. ETo values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-amount-of-crop-residue-remaining-on-the-2ljgargd.png Table 1. Estimated amount of crop residue remaining on the soil surface at the beginning and end of the non-growing seasons and the estimated fraction of soil surface covered with residue. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-weather-data-during-the-research-period-vs-long-gfmsm018.png Figure 2. Weather data during the research period vs. long-term trends: (a) average monthly air temperature (T), (b) monthly total incoming solar radiation (Rs), (c) average monthly wind speed (WS) adjusted for measurement height of 2 m, and (d) average monthly vapor pressure deficit (VPD). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-surface-energy-balance-components-measured-in-the-167p3srx.png Figure 5. Surface energy balance components measured in the experimental field during the non-growing seasons: (a) 2006/2007, (b) 2007/2008, and (c) 2008/2009. Rn = net radiation, LE = latent heat flux (actual evapotranspiration), H = sensible heat flux, and G = ground heat flux. Gaps in the data are days when the measuring equipment malfunctioned or when maintenance was being performed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-c-comparison-of-actual-evapotranspiration-et-and-2pv51cvz.png Figure 8. (a-c) Comparison of actual evapotranspiration (ET) and alfalfa- and grass-reference evapotranspiration (ETr and ETo) estimated using the ASCE standardized Penman-Monteith equation for the three non-growing seasons and (d-f) seasonal cumulative ET, ETr, and ETo. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-hourly-distribution-of-surface-energy-fluxes-under-2ncd9tna.png Figure 7. Hourly distribution of surface energy fluxes under a range of ambient conditions representing: (a) fresh maize residue, (b) around winter solstice and wet surface, (c) late winter frozen soil with no precipitation or snow, (d) snow cover in winter, (e) fresh soybean residue and some rainfall, and (f) period in early spring preceded by slight rainfall. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-enhanced-raman-scattering-in-the-presence-of-5cs5rc7rep 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-normalized-intensity-distribution-of-373asotl.png Fig. 8. (Color online) Normalized intensity distribution of incident beams at 532 nm with (a) 2 mm and (c) 50 μm FWHM, and (b) and (d) the corresponding intensity in the cladding for the BSW structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-structures-a-multilayer-structure-with-1u9d62wi.png Fig. 3. (Color online) Structures: (a) multilayer structure with BSWs; (b) WG structure; (c) metallic structure with SPmodes; (d) bare prism of the reference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-bsw-dispersion-curve-and-cladding-light-yfn0q9ho.png Fig. 2. (Color online) (a) BSW dispersion curve and cladding light line (LL) . (b) WG dispersion curve, cladding light line, and substrate light line. (c) SP dispersion curve and cladding light line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-normalized-raman-scattering-power-per-2x1vxn7u.png Fig. 9. (Color online) Normalized Raman scattering power per unit areal density of molecules, for the multilayer, WG, SP, and bare prism structures at (a) 532 and (b) 1064 nm. The plots of the SP and bare prism structures have been multiplied by 40. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-pump-enhancement-factor-for-multilayer-wg-3f4kw6kt.png Fig. 4. (Color online) Pump enhancement factor for multilayer, WG, SP, and bare prism at (a) 532 and (b) 1064 nm. In (a), the very small rise in jEL ∕ Ej2 as θ → θ0 for the SP and bare prism structures cannot be seen. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-sketch-of-the-pump-and-detection-22xqenu8.png Fig. 1. (Color online) Sketch of the pump and detection configuration under consideration in the case of spontaneous Raman scattering, θP is the incident angle of the pump in the substrate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-differential-cross-sections-normalized-to-wf6t8adv.png Fig. 5. (Color online) Differential cross sections normalized to the total cross section in free space (n1 1) for the scattered field in the substrate: (a) λ 532 nm; (b) λ 1064 nm for multilayer, WG, SP, and bare prism structures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-integrated-raman-cross-section-versus-the-birlkoee.png Fig. 6. (Color online) Integrated Raman cross section versus the distance of the molecule from the surface of the structure: (a) λ 532 nm; (b) λ 1064 nm for multilayer, WG, SP, and bare prism structures. The plots of SP and bare prism structures have been multiplied by 20. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-enhanced-raman-spectroscopy-using-silver-impregnated-47vn4u6s7r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-tem-imaging-of-silver-polycarbonate-cross-section-39fzm9vg.png Fig. 1 a) TEM imaging of silver-polycarbonate cross-section. The inset shows a close up of the SERS active nanoparticles near the surface. b) UV-Vis spectra fo various precursor concentrations. c) Raman spectra of https://scispace.com/papers/surface-effects-in-segmented-silicon-sensors-z8mwj4092o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-21-threshold-voltage-shifts-as-a-function-of-d7ua27dd.png Figure 4.21: Threshold voltage shifts as a function of radiation dose and gate bias (a) for n- and p-MOSFETs and threshold voltage shift, (b) due to oxide charge and (c) due to interface traps as a function of radiation dose and gate bias for n-MOSFET. The electric field in the oxide Eox for positive and zero gate voltage, is shown on the right. Figures taken from [100, 101]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-1-a-bias-configuration-with-source-connected-to-poifa95y.png Figure 7.1: (a) Bias configuration with source connected to drain under test for the gate controlled measurement, and (b) Typical gate controlled diode characteristics Iback as a function of Vgate of the non-irradiated n-MOSFET <100>. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-27-a-effective-oxide-charge-density-n-e-f-fox-t-and-stf46vo5.png Figure 5.27: (a) Effective oxide charge density, N e f fox ( t) and (b) Electric field E f ield as a function of time for the individual irradiation cycles of n-MOSFET irradiated with E f ield ↓. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-11-a-hole-mobility-u0-and-b-v1-2-and-as-a-function-1p1nyzpt.png Figure 5.11: (a) Hole mobility, µ0, and (b) V1/2 and ∆ as a function of the accumulated X-ray dose of p-MOSFET irradiated with E f ield ↑. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2-typical-n-mosfet-of-ids-as-a-function-of-vgate-in-1qmr6uz4.png Figure 6.2: Typical n-MOSFET of Ids as a function of Vgate in log scale showing the extrapolation to the calculated midgap current. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-5-a-effect-of-an-increasing-mobility-near-midgap-on-2pv8qocy.png Figure 6.5: (a) Effect of an increasing mobility near midgap on the extrapolation of the subthreshold curve, (b) Voltage shifts determined from the second slope are identical to the dashed line from midgap to inversion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-atomic-displacement-damage-in-crystalline-solid-a-27fi5h70.png Figure 4.4: Atomic displacement damage in crystalline solid: (a) Atomic displacement event and (b) Simple radiation-induced defects (vacancy and interstitial). Atom displacements produce lattice defects which result in localized trap states-energy levels within bandgap. Figure adapted from [64]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-electron-hole-pair-generation-energies-and-pair-162txoa9.png Table 4.2: Electron-hole pair generation energies and pair densities generated by 1 Gy. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-hopping-dynamics-including-intersystem-crossing-308b3ychlz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-the-soc-terms-cm-1-between-different-20di7kp6.png TABLE II. Comparison of the SOC terms (cm 1) between different singlet and triplet excited states computed at the RI-ADC(2)/def2-SVP and MS(6,4)CASPT2(14,10)/def2-SVP levels of theory for the MP2-optimized groundstate minimum.a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-the-most-stable-tautomer-of-2-thiouracil-mjs9xmib.png FIG. 1. Structure of the most stable tautomer of 2-thiouracil (2TU) and atom numbering. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-linear-interpolation-in-internal-coordinates-liic-scan-pc6ljpry.png FIG. 2. Linear interpolation in internal coordinates (LIIC) scan for the excited states of 2TU at the (a) RI-ADC(2)/def2-SVP and (b) MSCASPT2(12,9)/cc-pVDZ levels of theory. (b) was adapted from S. Mai, P. Marquetand, and L. González, J. Phys. Chem. A 119, 9524 (2015). Copyright 2015 Author(s), licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-excited-state-populations-net-transfer-graph-and-3gmv9anh.png FIG. 4. Excited-state populations, net transfer graph, and fitted time constants for the excited-state dynamics simulations of 2TU with RI-ADC(2)/def2-SVP. Note that the populations of S2 and S3 as well as T2 and T3 are combined in the figure. The analysis includes 29 trajectories. In parentheses, the corresponding values from Ref. 45 are given. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-dependent-distribution-of-internal-coordinates-of-2pzotzas.png FIG. 5. Time-dependent distribution of internal coordinates of 2TU with RIADC(2)/def2-SVP. The shown internal coordinate is sketched on the right and highlighted in red. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-experimental-vacuum-absorption-spectrum-of-2tu102-16o0vabe.png FIG. 3. The experimental vacuum absorption spectrum of 2TU102 together with the absorption spectra simulated with MS-CASPT245 and RI-ADC(2). All spectra are normalized. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-vertical-excitation-energies-e-ev-oscillator-vcugxp4z.png TABLE I. Vertical excitation energies (∆E, eV), oscillator strengths (f ), and dipole moments (µ, D) at the MP2optimized ground-state minimum of 2TU computed at the RI-ADC(2)/def2-SVP, ADC(3)/def2-SVP, and MS(6,4)CASPT2(14,10)/def2-SVP levels of theory. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-impedance-measurements-of-single-crystal-mgb2-films-1tdmz73bli 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effective-surface-resistance-versus-magnetic-field-rlvaro0g.png Figure 4. Effective surface resistance versus magnetic field at 3 K sample temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-electron-backscattering-diffraction-ebsd-results-of-zml005lj.png Figure 1. Electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) results of a MgB2 film on C-plane sapphire. a). a scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of a survey area, the inset at top-right is a representative Kikuchi diffraction image, which shows clear diffraction bands; b). a color-coded inverse pole figure (IPF) of the same area, the inset at top-right is the color-coded crystallographic legend. c). and d). are the PFs being deduced from the EBSD survey in (0001) and (1,1,-2,1) representations respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mgb2-200-i-mgb2-200-ii-mgb2-350-effective-surface-2kz7lun1.png Figure 3. ◆MgB2-200-I ▲MgB2-200-II ●MgB2-350 Effective surface resistance versus sample temperature of MgB2 on sapphire substrate ▇Surface resistance versus sample temperature of large grain Nb sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mgb2-200-i-with-tc-at-39-3-k-mgb2-350-with-tc-at-39-gpdvwf7j.png Figure 2. ◆MgB2-200-I with Tc at 39.3 K ● MgB2-350 with Tc at 39.5 K Penetration depth versus sample temperature of MgB2 on sapphire substrate – BCS penetration depth. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-mass-budget-and-meltwater-discharge-from-the-4wenu2ipld 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-thirty-day-running-mean-calibrated-albedo-at-500-m-1cubx9nq.png Fig. 4. Thirty-day running mean (calibrated) albedo at 500 m (black), 1000 m (blue), 1500 m (red) and 2000 m (green) elevation above sea level for the MODIS period (2000–2010). The lower lines give the 2010 albedo anomaly with identical colour coding. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-measured-surface-height-change-due-to-accumulation-and-dw31g1gw.png Fig. 5. Measured surface height change due to accumulation and ablation at the weather stations (black), and modelled values within the corresponding elevation bin (colours), with (solid) and without (dashed) MODIS albedo correction. N.B.: for late 2010, measured and modelled data series have been aligned after data gaps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mean-seb-components-for-june-july-and-august-in-2009-1pww57io.png Fig. 6. Mean SEB components for June, July and August in 2009 (dashed lines) and 2010 (solid lines) versus elevation. Net shortwave radiation: yellow, net longwave radiation: red, sensible heat flux: green, latent heat flux: blue, sub-surface heat flux: grey, and energy available for melt: black. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-metadata-for-the-automatic-weather-stations-on-the-39gn62tx.png Table 1. Metadata for the automatic weather stations on the Greenland ice sheet used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-southwest-greenland-including-the-positions-of-1knr53k2.png Fig. 1. Map of southwest Greenland including the positions of the automatic weather stations and catchment delineation (grey lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-calculated-daily-totals-of-surface-meltwater-runoff-wzzkfjan.png Fig. 8. Calculated daily totals of surface meltwater runoff for the Kangerlussuaq catchment (black) and the freshwater flux estimated from river depth measurements (grey) for 2009 and 2010. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-thirty-day-running-average-of-near-surface-air-11o1h1tw.png Fig. 3. Thirty-day running average of near-surface air temperature over the ice sheet at 500 m (black), 1000 m (blue), 1500 m (red) and 2000 m (green) elevation above sea level for 2009 (dashed lines) and 2010 (solid lines). Thick lines illustrate the 2010–2009 difference with the same colour coding. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-monthly-mean-black-line-and-annual-mean-red-dots-12ero2vv.png Fig. 2. Monthly-mean (black line) and annual-mean (red dots) temperatures at the Kangerlussuaq settlement. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-interface-roughness-induced-demagnetizing-effect-in-10ryze82x0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-log-log-plot-of-the-ratio-of-in-plane-demagnetizing-fa-1z9n5s6p.png FIG. 4. Log-log plot of the ratio of in-plane demagnetizing fa tors Nxx /Nyy as a function of the lateral correlation length rat jx /jy for a lateral length anisotropic surface. Note that in this c the ratioNxx /Nyy does not depend on the roughness exponenta. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-semilog-log-plot-of-the-in-plane-demagnetizing-facto-3ldpsaje.png FIG. 5. Semilog-log plot of the in-plane demagnetizing facto Nxx and Nyy as functions ofax for a scaling anisotropic surface Here jx5jy550 nm anday is fixed for ~a! ay50.5, and~b! ay 51.0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-log-log-plot-of-thenxx-as-a-function-of-growth-time-2h5xvda1.png FIG. 8. Log-log plot of theNxx as a function of growth time for a self-affine rough substrate witha51, w55, j520 for differentF andD values:~a! F51.0, D51.0; ~b! F55.0, D51.0; and~c! F 55.0, D55.0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-log-log-plot-of-the-demagnetizing-factornxx-as-a-5r7fonn1.png FIG. 7. Log-log plot of the demagnetizing factorNxx as a function of ~a! the lateral correlation lengthj with w51.0 nm, d 510 nm, and~b! film thicknessd with w51.0 nm,j520 nm for an in-phase cross-correlation and an out-of-phase cross-correlatio https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-log-log-plot-of-the-in-plane-demagnetizing-fact-nxx-n0-1ilic459.png FIG. 2. Log-log plot of the in-plane demagnetizing fact Nxx /N0 as a function of the roughness exponenta for an isotropic self-affine surface. HereN05w 2/dj. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-in-plane-demagnetizing-factor-of-the-co-film-as-2aa1eu3r.png FIG. 9. The in-plane demagnetizing factor of the Co film as function of thickness calculated using Eq.~6! from the data in Table I of Ref. 5~a!. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-modification-of-nico2te4-nanoclusters-a-highly-3xsztzfm7b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-linear-sweep-polarization-curves-for-the-nico2te4-ajm40ybo.png Figure 4. (A) Linear sweep polarization curves for the NiCo2Te4/PTCDA. (B) The ECSA-corrected Tafel plots derived from Koutecky-Levivh plots. (C) Tafel slope versus overpotential at 10 mA·cm−2 for various reported OER catalysts. Values were list in Table S1. (D) Chronoamperometric response recorded from the NiCo2Te4/PTCDA (curve 1) and NiCo2Te4 (curve 2) at the constant overpotentil to reach current density of 10 mA·cm−2 for OER. (E) XPS spectra of Te 3d for the fresh NiCo2Te4/PTCDA electrode (curve 1), after HER testing (curve 2), after OER testing (curve 3), the fresh NiCo2Te4 electrode (curve 4), after HER testing (curve 5), after OER testing (curve 6). (F) Electrolyzer properties of NiCo2Te4/PTCDA||NiCo2Te4/PTCDA (curve 1). The inset shows the chronoampermetric curve of the NiCo2Te4/ PTCDA||NiCo2Te4/PTCDA electrolyzer at a static potential of 1.61 V for 30 hours. All electrochemical tests are conducted in 1 M PBS electrolyte. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-the-calculated-density-of-states-dos-of-nico2te4-35eov6r4.png Figure 5. (A) The calculated density of states (DOS) of NiCo2Te4/PTCDA (black), NiCo2Te4 (red), PTCDA (green), Pt (blue), and H2O (cyan); (B) Bandgap energy, Valence band and Conduction band positions of several samples on an energy scale (eV) vs. RHE/Vacuum level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-transmission-electron-microscope-tem-image-b-hr-2gqecq54.png Figure 1. (A) Transmission electron microscope (TEM) image, (B) HR-TEM, (C) X-ray diffraction patterns of as-synthesized-NiCo2Te4 (curve 1), CoNiTe2 (curve 2), NiTe2 (curve 3), (D) TEM-EDX spectrum of as-synthesized-NiCo2Te4. The inset shows the clusters integrated atomic molar ration distribution. (E-G) EDX elemental mapping of Ni, Co, Te, and (H) the composed RGB image obtained by superposing the three elemental maps for the sample of NiCo2Te4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-hydrogen-adsorption-free-energy-dgh-diagrams-b-2lqdaz7w.png Figure 6. (A) Hydrogen adsorption free energy ΔGH diagrams; (B) Performance of catalysts (2 nm clusters of NiO, Co3O4, NiCo2O4, NiCo2S4, NiCo2Se4, NiCo2Te4, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-schematic-illustrations-for-synthesis-of-nico2te4-2r9d0awb.png Figure 2. (A) Schematic illustrations for synthesis of NiCo2Te4/PTCDA (abbreviation of nickel cobaltite telluride clusters modified with perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydrid). The Oɑ and Oβ represent O atoms at cyclic anhydride and carbonyl of PTCDA, respectively. (B) X-ray diffraction, (C) TEM images, and (D) HR-TEM of NiCo2Te4/PTCDA. The inset shows the model of NiCo2Te4 (011). (E) and (F) XPS spectra of Te 3d and C 1s for NiCo2Te4/PTCDA and NiCo2Te4 samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-linear-sweep-polarization-curves-obtained-in-1-m-fgw766co.png Figure 3. (A) Linear sweep polarization curves obtained in 1 M PBS (pH=7) for the NiCo2Te4/PTCDA (curve 1), NiCo2Te4 (curve 2). (B) The ECSA-corrected Tafel plots derived from Koutecky-Levivh plots. The inset shows ECSA corrected turnover frequency (TOF) of NiCo2Te4, and NiCo2Te4/PTDCA at a potential of -100 mV for HER in 1 M PBS. (C) The Tafel slope versus overpotential at 10 mA·cm−2 for various reported HER catalysts. Values were list in Table S1. (D) Nyquist plots of NiCo2Te4/PTCDA (curve 1) and NiCo2Te4 (curve 2) from 10 kHz to 0.1 Hz at -0.2 V vs. RHE. (E) Chronoamperometric response recorded from NiCo2Te4/PTCDA (curve 1) and NiCo2Te4 (curve 2) at the constant overpotentil to reach current density of -10 mA·cm−2 for HER. (F) The HER curves initial and after (curve 2) 2000 cycles with a scan rate of 100 mV·s−1 between 0.20 and -0.20 V. All electrochemical tests are conducted in 1 M PBS electrolyte. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-measurement-errors-using-commercial-scanning-white-lcyz6qqn53 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-specification-of-sinusoidal-artefacts-1osgs8mm.png Table 2. Specification of sinusoidal artefacts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-profile-of-silicon-artefact-using-the-afm-v28lhklm.png Figure 2. Profile of silicon artefact using the AFM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-step-profile-measured-using-afm-2hpgkgmy.png Figure 1. Step profile measured using AFM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-measured-profiles-of-a-25-um-pitch-2-72-um-peak-to-2b0xsduh.png Figure 8. Measured profiles of a 25 µm pitch, 2.72 µm peak-to-peak amplitude sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-measured-image-of-a-star-pattern-by-instrument-d-2bt7lxdl.png Figure 12. Measured image of a star pattern by Instrument D https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-measured-image-of-star-patterns-by-instrument-c-1gyjn8m5.png Figure 13. Measured image of star patterns by Instrument C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-abbott-curves-a-sinusoidal-and-b-rectangular-2ibv8w9a.png Figure 3 Abbott curves a) sinusoidal and b) rectangular profiles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-profile-obtained-by-instrument-d-for-the-sinusoid-2os00tzc.png Figure 6. Profile obtained by Instrument D for the sinusoid of 25 µm pitch, 134 µm peak-topeak amplitude https://scispace.com/papers/surface-mediated-ligands-addressing-bottleneck-of-room-438dttn1ti 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sem-cross-section-image-of-led-device-based-on-a-2sjd0fka.png Fig. 4. SEM cross section image of LED device based on (a) BOABr2-CsPbBr3 NCs (b) Control-CsPbBr3 NCs (scale bar:100 nm). (c) Energy-level diagram of LED devices with CsPbBr3 NCs as emitting layer. (d) Current density (J) and Luminous intensity (L), (e) current efficiency (CE), as a function of driving voltage in BOABr2-and Control-CsPbBr3 NCs LEDs, respectively. The insets are EL spectra and a photograph of BOABr2-device working at driving voltage of 5 V. (f) Illustration of the difference of charge transport path in BOABr2-and Control-NC active emitting layer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-green-led-device-performance-based-on-cspbbr3-ncs-1b9vhwjr.png Fig. 5. Green LED device performance based on CsPbBr3 NCs passivated with different diamine (varying chain length). (a) Schematic LED device structure. (b) Current density versus driving voltage (J–V) and luminance versus driving voltage (L–V) characteristics, (c) current efficiency versus driving voltage characteristics (CE-V), (d) external quantum efficiency (EQE) versus current density of corresponding devices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-illustration-of-room-temperature-in-situ-24xdmcxm.png Fig. 1. (a) Schematic illustration of room temperature in situ surface passivation preparation process of CsPbBr3 NC with diamine and surface changing after passivation. (b) UV–visible absorption spectra and steady-state PL spectra of Control- and BOABr2CsPbBr3 NCs dispersed in octane solution. The insets are representative photograph of correspond NCs solution under 365 nm UV light and PLQY value. (d) Time-resolved PL of Control- and BOABr2-CsPbBr3 NCs solution measured at the PL peak (λ ¼ 510). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-typical-high-resolution-tem-image-of-a-boabr2-cspbbr3-39182jl7.png Fig. 2. Typical High resolution TEM image of (a) BOABr2-CsPbBr3 NCs, (b) Control-CsPbBr3 NCs, with scale bar of 5 nm. (c) X-ray diffraction patterns of BOABr2-and Conrtrol-CsPbBr3 NCs films. (d) Pb 4f core level XPS spectra of BOABr2-and Conrtrol-CsPbBr3 NCs. The XPS spectra were calibrated using C 1s peak at 285.0 eV. e) FTIR spectra of BOABr2-and Conrtrol-CsPbBr3 NCs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-sem-images-of-control-and-boabr2-cspbbr3-nc-film-and-33mv0efu.png Fig. 3. (a) SEM images of Control-and BOABr2-CsPbBr3 NC film and the corresponding main element distribution (Pb and Br) in each film. (b) AFM surface images of Control- and BOABr2-CsPbBr3 NC film. Current density-voltage (J–V) characteristics of (c) electron-only and (d) hole-only LED device with Control- and BOABr2CsPbBr3 NCs as active layer. Insets are schematic of corresponding device structure. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-modification-of-poly-divinylbenzene-microspheres-via-1jv2nnn8bt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sem-images-of-a-poly-divinylbenzene-microspheres-1a17e8by.png Figure 4. SEM images of (a) poly(divinylbenzene) microspheres (pDVB80) and (b) pDVB80-g-pNIPAAm45 core-shell microspheres. The surface structure of pNIPAAm grafted microspheres is distinctly coarser compared to the blank microspheres. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-temperature-dependent-turbidity-measurement-of-2mw4qk1y.png Figure 3. Temperature-dependent turbidity measurement of pDVB80-g-pNIPAAm45 microspheres (20-70 °C). Suspension study in water for pDVB80-g-pNIPAAm45 microspheres clearly showing the dispersibility of pDVB80-g-pNIPAAm45 microspheres and increasing transmission with increasing temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-xps-spectrum-of-a-poly-divinylbenzene-microspheres-ae593gfi.png Figure 1. XPS spectrum of (a) poly(divinylbenzene) microspheres (pDVB80) and (b) pDVB80-g-pNIPAAm45 microspheres. The inset shows the S2p XPS spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ft-ir-transmissions-spectra-of-a-pdvb80-2dx9wbcx.png Figure 2. FT-IR transmissions spectra of (a) pDVB80 microspheres, (b) pDVB80-g-pNIPAAm45 microspheres and (c) pNIPAAm45 as reference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-wide-field-fluorescence-microscopy-images-of-p82r6frs.png Figure 8. (a) Wide-field fluorescence microscopy images of Rhodamine B-labeled pDVB80-g-pHEMA (excitation filter: 450-490 nm), and (b) Rhodamine B-labeled microspheres on a filter paper (pink). The pink color results from the covalently bounding of the Rhodamine B. (c) Control experiment: identical conditions for ungrafted pDVB80 microspheres on a filter paper (white). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-confocal-microscopy-image-of-pdvb80-g-phema-bdb0t2ow.png Figure 9. Confocal microscopy image of pDVB80-g-pHEMA microspheres functionalized with a Rhodamine B- fluorescent tag. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-xps-spectra-of-a-pdvb80-b-pdvb-n3-and-b-pdvb80-g-2rsx75t0.png Figure 5. XPS spectra of (a) pDVB80, (b) pDVB-N3 and (b) pDVB80-g-pHEMA microspheres. The inset shows the N 1s XPS spectrum. The peak at 688 eV results from residual CuSO4 from click-reaction (Cu 2p). (d) N 1s XPS spectra of (1) pDVB-N3 and (2) pDVB80-g-pHEMA microspheres. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ft-ir-transmission-spectra-of-a-pdvb80-microspheres-2i4g83zt.png Figure 6. FT-IR transmission spectra of (a) pDVB80 microspheres, (b) pDVB80-N3 and (c) pDVB80-g-pHEMA. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-modifications-and-deuterium-depth-profiles-in-4efdkblrms 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-depth-profiles-of-deuterium-trapped-in-115-nm-moo3-3dopzt9j.png Figure 3. Depth profiles of deuterium trapped in 115 nm MoO3/polycrystalline Mo sandwich irradiated with 200 eV D ions at Tirr = 323 K. Variation of the oxide film thickness due to the D ion irradiation is shown in the insert. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-blisters-formed-during-irradiation-with-200-ev-d-32pgtnmm.png Figure 2. Blisters formed during irradiation with 200 eV D ions at Tirr = 323 K: (a) polycrystalline Mo with fluence of 5×1024 D/m2, and (b) MoO3/polycrystalline Mo sandwich with fluence of 5×1022 D/m2. The surfaces were analysed by a SEM at a tilt angle of 70 degrees. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-i-fluence-dependence-of-d-retention-in-single-d5rxqwal.png Figure 5. (i) Fluence dependence of D retention in single crystal Mo, polycrystalline Mo, and 115 nm MoO3/polycrystalline Mo sandwich irradiated with 200 eV D ions at 323 K. (ii) Temperature dependence of D retention in polycrystalline Mo irradiated with 200 eV D ions to a fluence of 5×1024 D/m2. For comparison, the fluence and temperature dependences of D retention in polycrystalline W [19] are also shown. The deuterium retention in the Mo and W samples was calculated from deuterium depth profiles measured up to a depth of 8 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-depth-profiles-of-deuterium-trapped-in-6m24dno1.png Figure 4. Depth profiles of deuterium trapped in polycrystalline Mo irradiated with 200 eV D ions at various temperatures to a fluence of 5×1024 D/m2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-depth-profiles-of-deuterium-trapped-in-a-single-f4wmmv50.png Figure 1. Depth profiles of deuterium trapped in (a) single crystal Mo and (b) polycrystalline Mo, both irradiated with 200 eV D ions at Tirr = 323 K to various fluences. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-of-strontium-titanate-36kb1ahtpl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-surface-energies-in-ev-1-1-unit-cell-with-respect-to-2lecfbl5.png TABLE I. Surface energies in eV= 1 1 unit cell (with respect to the SrO chemical potential) of 4 domain types calculated using DFT. The bulk (1 1) model does not contain the extra TiO2 sublayer shown upper left in Fig. 1(a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-displacements-of-sr-green-triangles-ti-2hvlgi60.png FIG. 3 (color online). Displacements of Sr (green triangles), Ti (red circles), and O (blue crosses) in the z direction (i.e., normal to the surface) from the high-symmetry positions in the starting models, as a function of z for the proposed cold and hot models. The nominal surface is at z 0 and positive values of z indicate displacements towards the vacuum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-surface-structure-of-1-1-hot-sto-a-2h4dtgx4.png FIG. 2 (color online). The surface structure of (1 1) hot STO: (a) Subset of three rods from a total of nine of the SXRD data (black) and their fits (red), based on the same starting model as the DL (1 1) domain for the cold data shown in Fig. 1(a). (b) The final model for the hot DL (1 1) surface (p2mm symmetry). Color code as in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-surface-structure-of-cold-sto-a-1ee6sygr.png FIG. 1 (color online). The surface structure of cold STO: (a) Starting models of the 3 different domains. SL sublayer. The 2nd SL (TiO2) and 3rd SL (SrO) together make up a bulk STO unit cell. Note the zigzag motifs in the (2 1) and (2 2) reconstructions highlighted in red. (b) Subset of the SXRD data (black) and fits (red). We have included the (5=2 1l) SSR, which shows the largest deviations between the fit and experimental data for the entire set. (c) The final models for the three domains, including their symmetries and percentage contributions. The (1 1) structure is viewed from the side, while the reconstructions are from above. Blue, O; red, Ti; green, Sr. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-plasmon-resonance-induced-photothermal-lysis-of-the-3sl6mooleh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-apparatus-inset-a-temperature-controlled-acziadgr.png Fig. 1. Experimental apparatus. Inset: A temperature controlled microfluidic channel delivers cells over the surface plasmon resonance. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-potential-of-chalcopyrite-films-measured-by-kpfm-4ezh9q8bdf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-kpfm-measurement-of-pvd-grown-cugase2-the-topography-a-34tae7lq.png Fig. 7 KPFM measurement of PVD-grown CuGaSe2. The topography (a) shows the grains of the polycrystalline thin film (∆z = 320 nm) and (b) the simultaneously measured work function (Φ = 4.19 - 4.44 eV). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-band-diagrams-showing-a-the-work-function-in-2inmu98u.png Fig. 1 Schematic band diagrams showing (a) the work function in the dark (solid lines) and under illumination (dotted lines), the reduction of surface band bending upon illumination and the possible presence of a surface dipole. (b) shows the contribution of interfaces and surfaces to the surface photovoltage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-kpfm-measurement-of-a-cugase2-thin-film-deposited-by-134llby9.png Fig. 4 KPFM measurement of a CuGaSe2 thin film deposited by CVD and transferred in inert-gas atmosphere (Ar). The topography (a) shows the granular structure (∆z ≈ 1350 nm) and the work function (b) varies from Φ ≈ 5.14 to 5.53 eV, showing distinct values for the different facets. [22] https://scispace.com/papers/surface-proteomic-analysis-of-differentiated-versus-stem-1c6c4vmfd5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ipa-network-cell-tocell-signalling-and-interaction-12qtswou.png Figure 1. IPA network “cell-tocell signalling and interaction and inflammatory response.” Proteins in gray were identified in this study, proteins in white were not identified but are reported to be involved in the network. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-surface-proteins-differentially-expressed-in-3ab-os-3800742p.png Table 1. Surface proteins differentially expressed in 3AB-OS and MG63 cells. Percentages of positive cells are reported for both cell lines https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-pak-p21-activated-kinase-and-pten-phosphatase-and-3u1qwlm4.png Figure 2. (A) PAK (p21-activated kinase) and PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) pathways. Some of the proteins in the network “cell-to-cell signaling and interaction and inflammatory response” are associated with PAK (blue) and PTEN (red) canonical pathways. Molecules we identified differentially expressed are in green while those in orange were added by IPA network analysis. ERK1/2 (MAPK) is one of the central nodes of both PAK and PTEN pathways. (B) ERK1/2 (MAPK) protein expression level and phosphorylation status. Western blotting analysis and densitometric measurements of protein lysates of 3AB-OS and MG63 cells. Proteins were separated on 4–15% SDS-PAGE and immunoblottedwith specific antibodies. The analyses were performed on three independent samples; the results are shown as mean ± SD. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-sensitivity-of-the-spin-seebeck-effect-3k92p49mos 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-the-resistance-r-of-the-pt-film-the-c-2j64711y.png TABLE II. Comparison of the resistance R of the Pt film, the C parameter and the HSSEsat for the SSE response in bulk single crystals and thin films. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-c-a-schematic-illustration-of-the-interface-2129ub94.png FIG. 4. (a–c) A schematic illustration of the interface morphologies of the NM/FM system for different surface treatments of the FM where orange arrows represent rT: (a) An atomically flat interface, (b) an interface with a perpendicular anisotropy and (c) a rough interface. (d) Comparison between the magnitude of the C parameter and (e) comparison between the line profile of the SSE signal as a function of H for all samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-afm-height-image-of-the-yig-surface-for-sample-s3-20-2b20wyb2.png FIG. 3. (a) AFM height image of the YIG surface for sample S3 (20 20 lm2) and (b) a comparison between the H dependence of VISHE at DT¼ 7.5 K in sample S3 and the magnetization M of the YIG crystal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-afm-height-image-of-a-single-crystal-yig-surface-for-36jyf60d.png FIG. 2. (a) AFM height image of a single crystal YIG surface for sample S2 (20 20 lm2). (b) Comparison between the H dependence of VISHE at DT¼ 3.6 K in sample S2 and the magnetization M of the YIG crystal. (c) Temperature dependence of HSSEsat . The inset shows HSSEsat as a function of T e where e¼ 2. (d) VISHE as a function of the external magnetic field direction h in the Pt/YIG system at a fixed magnetic field 80 mT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-device-configuration-of-the-longitudinal-sse-where-2jz2aqo2.png FIG. 1. (a) Device configuration of the longitudinal SSE where rT represents the temperature gradient across the Pt/YIG system. (b) Detection of spin current by the ISHE. The orange arrows indicate the spin polarization r at the interface of the Pt/YIG system. M, JS and EISHE represent the magnetization of YIG, spatial direction of the thermally generated spin current, and electric field induced by the ISHE, respectively. h represents the angle between the external magnetic field H in the x-y plane and the x axis. (c) AFM height image of a single crystal YIG surface (20 20 lm2) for sample S1. (d) a comparison between the magnetic field dependence of VISHE at DT¼ 3.6 K for sample S1 and the magnetization M of the YIG crystal. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-surface-treatment-surface-roughness-and-orientation-3od41r4e.png TABLE I. Surface treatment, surface roughness, and orientation of the YIG crystals for different samples. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-slope-metrology-on-deformable-soft-x-ray-mirrors-1la228ku8y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-residual-slope-error-of-the-mirror-tangential-3fr28epy.png FIGURE 2. The residual slope error of the mirror tangential slope after subtraction of the desired elliptical shape, measured in the sagittal center of the mirror, and averaged over four consecutive measurements. (a) At 120 mm image conjugate distance, the residual error is mainly comprised of a third-order slope shape and mid-scale surface roughness. (b) Adjusting the image conjugate distance to 118.82 mm and re-bending eliminated the third-order slope error, albeit with negligible change in the RMS error magnitude in this case. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-original-and-desired-design-specifications-of-3c9tjhgd.png TABLE 1: The original and desired design specifications of the KB mirror under test. The mirror is a silicon substrate with 4 mm thickness, 102-mm length, and an 80-mm clear aperture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-kb-mirror-mounted-in-its-bender-mechanism-3booz2u1.png FIGURE 1. The KB mirror mounted in its bender mechanism. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-residues-and-non-additive-interactions-stabilize-a-1skr38pjnc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-consensus-substitutions-by-residue-charge-state-a-20e6bzej.png Figure 1. Consensus substitutions by residue charge state. (A) Alignment of EnHD and CHD sequences. Sequence differences that change the charge state are shown in dark purple; differences that maintain the charge state are shown in lavender. Locations of a-helices are shown above the sequences (PDB 1ENH). (B) Sequence differences mapped onto the EnHD NMR tructure (PDB 2JWT). Residues that differ between CHD and EnH are shown with Ca atoms as spheres, and are colored as in panel A. (C) Representative GdnHCl-induced unfolding transitions for EnHD, EnHD CS19, EnHD CS10, and CHD (colored as in panel D); curves are two-state fits (Eq 1). Here and in all subsequent figures, data for EnHD is from the previous study.22 (D) Effects on folding free energies relative to EnHD. (E) Effects on folding free energies relative to EnHD normalized for the number of substitutions (DN). Error bars in panels D and E re standard rrors of the mean determined from three independent unfolding transitions propagated by standard methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-consensus-substitutions-grouped-by-change-in-113c68s6.png Figure 1. Consensus substitutions by residue charge state. (A) Alignment of EnHD and CHD sequences. Sequence differences that change the charge state are shown in dark purple; differences that maintain the charge state are shown in lavender. Locations of a-helices are shown above the sequences (PDB 1ENH). (B) Sequence differences mapped onto the EnHD NMR tructure (PDB 2JWT). Residues that differ between CHD and EnH are shown with Ca atoms as spheres, and are colored as in panel A. (C) Representative GdnHCl-induced unfolding transitions for EnHD, EnHD CS19, EnHD CS10, and CHD (colored as in panel D); curves are two-state fits (Eq 1). Here and in all subsequent figures, data for EnHD is from the previous study.22 (D) Effects on folding free energies relative to EnHD. (E) Effects on folding free energies relative to EnHD normalized for the number of substitutions (DN). Error bars in panels D and E re standard rrors of the mean determined from three independent unfolding transitions propagated by standard methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-consensus-substitutions-grouped-by-positional-3q4tfovz.png Figure 3. Consensus substitutions grouped by positional conservation. (A) Alignment of EnHD and CHD sequences. Residues with black backgrounds are identical in EnHD and CHD. Residues with grey background are the group of 21 differences at weakly conserved positions. Residues with other colors are the group of eight differences at strongly conserved positions. (B) Sequence differences mapped onto the EnHD structure. Ca atoms are shown as spheres and are colored as in panel A. (C) Sequence information (Eq 4) at each position from an alignment of 4,571 homeodomain sequences. Bars are colored as in panel A. (D) Representative GdnHCl-induced unfolding transitions for EnHD SC8 and EnHD WC21. (E) Effects of multiple residue variants on folding free energies relative to EnHD. (F) Effects on folding free energy changes relative to EnHD normalized for the number of substitutions (DN). Red and black transitions (panels D, G) are for EnHD and CHD. (G) Representative GdnHCl-induced unfolding transitions for EnHD single residue variants (colored as in panel A). (H) Effects of single residue substitutions in EnHD on folding free energies. Error bars in panels E and H are uncertainties determined by Eq 2. Error bars in panel F are uncertainties from panel E divided by DN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-non-additive-effects-of-consensus-substitutions-on-n26afptc.png Figure 4. Non-additive effects of consensus substitutions on stability. (A) Representative GdnHClinduced unfolding transitions for CHD single residue variants along with EnHD (black) and CHD (red). Unfolding transitions are colored as in panel B. (B) Correlation of effects on folding free energies of single residue substitutions in EnHD background (x-axis) and CHD background (y-axis). Dashed gray line shows the y=x relationship. DDG°H2O values are determined from a global fit with a common m-value (see text). Error bars are uncertainties determined by Eq 2. (C) Additivities of the folding free energies of the eight highly conserved residue substitutions in the EnHD and CHD backgrounds. White bars are the sum of DDG°H2O values for the eight single residue variants in the EnHD (left) and CHD (right) backgrounds. Error bars are uncertainties propagated from DDG°H2O values of the single residue variants. Gray bars are DDG°H2O values when all eight substitutions are made simultaneously in the EnHD and CHD backgrounds; error bars are uncertainties determined by Eq 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-consensus-substitutions-grouped-by-residue-solvent-2yplq44p.png Figure 2. Consensus substitutions grouped by residue solvent accessibility in EnHD. (A) Alignment of EnHD and CHD sequences. Sequence differences at surface, intermediate, and buried sites are shown in blue, green, and yellow respectively. (B) Sequence differences mapped onto the EnHD structure. Residues that differ between EnHD and CHD are shown with Ca atoms as spheres and are colored as in panel A. (C) Representative GdnHCl-induced unfolding transitions for EnHD, EnHD B3, EnHD BI10, EnHD S19, EnHD SI26, and CHD. CD values are normalized to span from zero to one. Curves are two-state fits (Eq 1). Constructs are colored as in panel (D). (D) Effects on folding free energies relative to EnHD. Error bars are uncertainties determined by Eq 2. (E) Effects on folding free energies relative to EnHD normalized for the number of substitutions (DN). Error bars are uncertainties from panel D divided by DN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-stability-contributions-of-substitutions-of-38kbi3uz.png Figure 5. Stability contributions of substitutions of residues in different sequence/structure classes. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-tension-of-binary-mixtures-containing-nfd6zttran 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-the-proposed-models-model-parameter-value-32g5o45n.png Table 1 Details of the proposed models Model Parameter Value/comment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-performance-mse-plot-of-the-ann-models-for-estimating-2lheca2f.png Fig. 1 Performance (MSE) plot of the ANN models for estimating ST by a TLBO-ANN b PSO-ANN c GA-ANN and d ICA-ANN https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-diagram-of-st-of-binary-mixture-dimethyl-sulfoxide-and-17xdeoyl.png Fig. 6 Diagram of ST of binary mixture dimethyl sulfoxide and [EMIM][TF2N] as a function of temperature and concentration of IL component https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-percentage-of-relative-deviation-between-the-1flxwmlk.png Fig. 7 The percentage of relative deviation between the actual and estimated density using: a TLBO-ANN b PSO-ANN c GA- ANN and d ICA-ANN https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-diagram-of-st-of-binary-mixture-methanol-and-bmim-l-25lgzo1p.png Fig. 5 Diagram of ST of binary mixture methanol and [BMIM][L-lactate] as a function of temperature and concentration of IL component https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-diagram-of-st-of-binary-mixture-ethanol-and-bmim-l-2x1w4q0f.png Fig. 4 Diagram of ST of binary mixture ethanol and [BMIM][L-lactate] as a function of temperature and concentration of IL component https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-sensitivity-analysis-of-the-tlbo-ann-model-to-find-out-2s091kbx.png Fig. 9 Sensitivity analysis of the TLBO-ANN model to find out the effect of inputs on ST https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-regression-plots-estimation-of-the-st-using-the-w8opcfni.png Fig. 3 Regression plots estimation of the ST using the proposed models at training and testing stages: a TLBO-ANN b PSO-ANN c GA- ANN and d ICA-ANN https://scispace.com/papers/surface-termination-and-roughness-of-ge-100-cleaned-by-hf-3kvp6qlpbu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shiyu-sun-et-al-rcqkel3l.png Figure 2. Shiyu Sun et al. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shiyu-sun-et-al-27yy3z60.png Figure 3. Shiyu Sun et al. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-shiyu-sun-et-al-1b0gzc8v.png Figure 1. Shiyu Sun et al. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-viscometry-in-a-uniform-magnetic-field-18zhg3n8de 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-annular-mhd-viscometer-1thib22k.png Fig. 1. The annular MHD viscometer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mesh-used-for-the-numerical-computation-a-global-view-1qxrucsj.png Fig. 4. Mesh used for the numerical computation: (a) global view, (b) zoom on the boundary layer mesh. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-analytical-and-numerical-results-for-the-annular-mhd-zipo18rm.png Fig. 5. Analytical and numerical results for the annular MHD viscometer, either for purely hydrodynamic creeping flow (Ha = 0: (a), curves − − − [12], ∗, ⊗), or for Ha Re (no inertia: other curves, analytical [17] or numerical modelling). The electric current densities are normalized with respect to the maximum electric current Jmax reached in all cases, i.e. for Ha = 50. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-boes-impact-on-the-velocity-field-v-left-part-and-on-jz5by6vw.png Fig. 6. BoηS impact on the velocity field v (left part) and on the Lorentz force F (right part). (v r , v z ) is log-scaled by the magnitude exp ((ln (||(v r , v z )||/||(v r , v z )||max)) / (1 + p)); p = 0.5 for (a), (c), and (e). F is log-scaled by the magnitude exp (( ln ( || F ||/|| F ||max )) / (1 + p) ) ; p = 1.5 for (b), (d), and (f). For F , green arrows (when present) are essentially meridian, while red and blue arrows correspond to significantly (i.e. |F θ | /|| F || ≥ 0.01) positive and negative azimuthal components, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-curl-of-the-centrifugal-force-in-area-ii-r-t-227zua7e.png Fig. 9. The curl of the centrifugal force in Area II. r T corresponds to the transitional radial position of Figure 8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-geometry-and-boundary-conditions-of-the-channel-cross-1dzvfafn.png Fig. 2. Geometry and boundary conditions of the channel cross-section used for numerical computation. Note the presence of cutting lines (A): z = h0/2 and (B): r = (ri + ro)/2, used hereafter for interpretation of the results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-two-separate-flow-areas-with-distinct-preponderant-2jswpu5p.png Fig. 8. The two separate flow areas with distinct preponderant physical mechanisms, due to surface viscous dilatation, for (Re,Ha,BoκS ) = (10 4, 5, 104). r T corresponds to the transitional radial position. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-boks-impact-on-the-velocity-field-v-left-part-and-on-3gnnzcde.png Fig. 7. BoκS impact on the velocity field v (left part) and on the Lorentz force F (right part). (v r , v z ) is log-scaled by the magnitude exp ((ln (||(v r , v z )||/||(v r , v z )||max)) / (1 + p)); (a), (c): p = 0.5, (e): p = 1. F is log-scaled by the magnitude exp (( ln ( || F ||/|| F ||max )) / (1 + p) ) ; p = 1.5 for (b), (d), and (f). For F , green arrows (when present) are essentially meridian, while red and blue arrows correspond to significantly (i.e. |F θ | /|| F || ≥ 0.01) positive and negative azimuthal components, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/surfactant-foam-selection-for-enhanced-light-non-aqueous-39lw9wsnee 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-tested-surfactants-2ehbjqt0.png Table 1 – List of tested surfactants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-setup-for-foam-production-and-6y819wnr.png Figure 2 - Experimental setup for foam production and injection into sand column. PT-1 through PT-4 refers to pressure transducers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-interfacial-tension-between-p-xylene-and-the-tested-14gfy435.png Figure 4 - Interfacial tension between p-xylene and the tested surfactant solutions at concentrations of 0.1% and 1% w/w (A through M; see Table 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-foamability-of-surfactant-solution-at-2usk74um.png Figure 3 – Foamability of surfactant solution at concentrations of 0.1% and 1% w/w measured with the Ross Miles Test for all tested surfactants (A through M; see Table 1). These heights were measured right at the end of the tests (15 min). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-correlation-between-foam-height-cm-as-evaluated-by-1k3jlfc5.png Figure 10 – Correlation between foam height (cm) as evaluated by the Ross Miles tests and foam viscosity in Temisca 20 sand column as estimated by the Front Velocity and Output methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-calculated-foam-viscosity-in-temisca-20-sand-column-3nte9kna.png Figure 9 - Calculated foam viscosity in Temisca 20 sand column with surfactants A, B and I foams, as estimated by the Front Velocity and Output methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-advancing-foam-front-of-surfactant-b-injected-2s25wh26.png Figure 6 - Advancing foam front of surfactant B injected downward at a pressure of 350 cm water in the sand column pre-flushed with water or liquid surfactant as a function of time (minutes). The black dotted line indicates the visually observed foam front position (when the front is sharp). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-advancing-foam-front-of-surfactant-b-0-1-w-w-vawskk0r.png Figure 11 - Advancing foam front of surfactant B 0.1% w/w injected downward at pressures of 210 and 350 cm water in the sand column pre-flushed with surfactant B solution as a function of time (minutes). The black dotted line indicates the visually observed foam front position (when front is sharp) https://scispace.com/papers/surfacegenie-a-web-based-application-for-prioritizing-cell-2bxl2099yb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-benchmarking-geniescore-against-two-published-cell-35acc68j.png Figure 4. Benchmarking GenieScore against two published cell surface marker studies1 which validated candidate markers by flow cytometry. Panels A-C depict data from2 application of GenieScore to data from Martinko et al. Panel D depicts data from application of3 GenieScore to data from Boheler et al. (A) The subset of proteins for which GenieScores were4 calculated is the intersection of the set of proteins with SPC scores >0 with the set of proteins5 that were increased in the KRAS mutant - shown by the shaded overlap. Plots of GenieScores6 against candidate rank are shown for the Cell Surface Capture (CSC) and RNA-Seq datasets.7 Proteins selected in the original manuscript for antibody development and subsequently8 validated as surface markers by flow cytometry are shown as black diamonds and labeled with9 gene names. (B) The GenieScores calculated using either CSC or RNA-Seq data are plotted10 against each other for the 211 surface proteins identified by both approaches along with the11 Spearman’s Correlation of those scores. The flow cytometry-validated markers are shown as12 black diamonds. (C) A table containing the ranks assigned, according to either GenieScores or13 log2fold, for each protein. The change in rank, calculated as GenieScore rank minus log2fold14 rank, is shown for each flow cytometry-validated marker. (D) GenieScores for the 495 proteins15 identified by CSC in human fibroblast and stem cells are plotted against the log2fold ratio.16 Refence stem cell markers, as well as the negative and positive markers for pluripotency17 selected for validation by flow cytometry are highlighted in their own plots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-application-of-geniescore-and-its-permutations-to-6jzpjlw9.png Figure 5. Application of GenieScore and its permutations to islet cell types. Panels A-C1 depict data from application of GenieScore to Cell Surface Capture (CSC) data from mouse and cell lines collected as part of this study integrated with RNA-Seq on mouse primary and3 cells from Benner et al. Panel D depicts data from application of GenieScore and its4 permutations to human islet single-cell RNA-Seq data from Lawlor et al. (A) The subset of5 proteins for which GenieScores were calculated is the set of proteins with SPC scores >0 that6 were identified by both CSC and RNA-Seq, shown as the shaded overlap. (B) The GenieScores7 calculated using either CSC or RNA-Seq data are plotted against each other for the 3218 proteins identified by both approaches along with the Spearman’s Correlation of those scores.9 (C) GenieScores calculated using the combined CSC and RNA-Seq data are plotted against10 candidate rank and against the log2fold ratio (N = 321 proteins). Selected candidate markers11 which have previously been associated with islet cell biology are labeled with gene names. (D)12 The top scoring proteins from application of the different permutations of GenieScore are shown13 grouped either by cell type or by biological function. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-generation-and-benchmarking-of-a-surface-prediction-43sj8gar.png Figure 1: Generation and benchmarking of a Surface Prediction Consensus (SPC) score.2 (A) The four previously published human surfaceome databases used, designated by first3 author of the corresponding publication, with details about how the databases were generated4 and the number of UniProt Accessions within each database. (B) An UpSet plot (Conway, Lex,5 & Gehlenborg, 2017; Lex, Gehlenborg, Strobelt, Vuillemot, & Pfister, 2014) depicting the6 intersections between the individual surfaceome databases. The proteins were stratified by the7 number of individual datasets they appeared in, termed Surface Prediction Consensus (SPC).8 The number of proteins with each SPC score is shown. The full dataset is provided in the9 Supporting Information (Dataset S1, 4.1) (C) The distribution of Gene Ontology Cellular10 Component Ontology (GO-CCO) annotations across different SPC scores depicted as a bubble11 chart, where the size of the bubble represents the number of proteins in the intersection12 between the particular SPC score and GO-CCO annotations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-geniescore-components-and-application-to-two-1rh8nxlu.png Figure 2. GenieScore components and application to two proteomic analyses of four1 lymphocyte lines. (A) The features of a protein that were hypothesized to predominate the2 capacity of a protein to serve as a cell surface marker are shown with the names of the3 mathematical terms derived to represent them. The marker potential features are annotated by4 the applied approach (i.e. predictive or experimental) to answer the relevant questions. The5 remaining panels depict the distribution of the individual components and GenieScores6 calculated from the data acquired from application of whole-cell lysate (WCL) or Cell Surface7 Capture (CSC) to four lymphocyte cell line (n = 3 per cell line, N = 485 data points for WCL, N =8 325 data points for CSC). (B) A histogram depicting the distribution of SPC scores within9 predicted surface proteins (SPC score >0) identified by application of WCL and CSC. (C) A10 violin plot depicting the distribution of signal dispersion for the predicted surface proteins11 identified by WCL and CSC. (D) A violin plot depicting the distribution of signal strength for the12 predicted surface proteins identified by WCL and CSC. (E) Plot of GenieScore against rank-13 order of candidate cell surface markers for predicted surface proteins identified by WCL. (F) Plot14 of GenieScore against rank-order of candidate cell surface markers for predicted surface15 proteins identified by CSC. (G) GenieScores calculated using either WCL or CSC data are16 plotted against each other the 91 proteins identified by both approaches along with the17 Spearman’s Correlation for those scores. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-overview-of-the-utility-of-surfacegenie-and-screen-1gd5ktxg.png Figure 6. Overview of the utility of SurfaceGenie and screen captures from the web application. (A) A schematic depicting the tested inputs and potential applications of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distributions-of-observed-abundance-for-selected-ww49kr0i.png Figure 3. Distributions of observed abundance for selected proteins in the lymphocyte1 data with a range of GenieScores. The number of peptide-spectrum matches (PSMs)2 assigned to selected proteins for both Cell Surface Capture (CSC) and whole-cell lysate (WCL)3 experiments. Biological replicates (n = 3) are shown as data points and averages are shown as4 columns. The ranks assigned to each protein, according to the set of calculated GenieScores,5 are shown for both CSC and WCL datasets. https://scispace.com/papers/surfactant-genapol-ox-80-toxicity-to-selenastrum-584kad5wb5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-acute-toxicity-of-the-non-ionic-surfactant-genapol-2tpc6aqq.png Table 1 Acute toxicity of the non-ionic surfactant Genapol OX-80 to several organisms, ranked with decreasing toxicity https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-concentration-response-curve-of-the-non-ionic-rrbshuns.png Fig. 1. Concentration±response curve of the non-ionic surfactant Genapol OX-80, on Selenastrum capricornutum. https://scispace.com/papers/surgery-versus-radiotherapy-for-early-oropharyngeal-tumors-a-1t0mhjmfv3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-functional-outcomes-of-transoral-surgical-tos-21fvlk4u.png Table 1. Functional outcomes of transoral surgical (TOS) approaches for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) https://scispace.com/papers/surgical-technique-of-a-recurrent-post-radiation-12hcz34ody 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cystogram-confirms-the-integrity-of-the-repair-1dvlp5ze.png Fig. 2 Cystogram confirms the integrity of the repair https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-preparation-of-the-oral-part-of-the-ileum-12-cm-in-38w8ucpy.png Fig. 1 a Preparation of the oral part of the ileum (12 cm in length) leading to the previous ileostomy with an intact vascular pedicle; b the dissected preparation of the small intestine was opened antimesenterically to obtain a rectangular graft and cleaned; c the intestinal flap was sewn tension-free to the bladder margins with continuous suture https://scispace.com/papers/surgical-site-infection-after-hand-surgery-outside-the-1rmhd0kglh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inclusion-and-exclusion-criteria-for-screening-of-1c47dh6l.png Table 1. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for screening of publications. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-papers-selected-from-systematic-review-for-analysis-17c38xja.png Table 2. Papers selected from systematic review for analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prisma-flow-diagram-2e38w3ja.png Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram. https://scispace.com/papers/surjective-h-colouring-new-hardness-results-xu8alrvdk4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-an-example-of-a-graph-g-and-the-corresponding-graph-g-264oxqvx.png Fig. 4: An example of a graph G and the corresponding graph G′. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-graphs-f1-left-and-f2-right-resulting-from-the-1536pv2l.png Fig. 3: The graphs F1 (left) and F2 (right) resulting from the graph H in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-all-diamonds-h-on-four-vertices-283rmifi.png Fig. 9: All diamonds H on four vertices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-an-example-graph-h-with-corresponding-graphs-f1-and-f2-2jotxpui.png Fig. 5: An example graph H with corresponding graphs F1 and F2. Vertices in H equidistant from p are plotted at the same vertical position and likewise vertices tv ∈ F1 and tw ∈ F2 with D(tv) = D(tw) are plotted at the same vertical position. The vertices q′ ∈ H and corresponding tq′ ∈ F2 are highlighted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-all-paws-h-on-four-vertices-2731bch5.png Fig. 10: All paws H on four vertices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-all-complete-graphs-h-on-four-vertices-2hwx0yfz.png Fig. 8: All complete graphs H on four vertices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-example-of-the-construction-of-graphs-h1-and-h2-1k7r791r.png Fig. 2: An example of the construction of graphs H1 and H2 from a connected 2-reflexive target graph H with ω = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-all-cycles-h-on-four-vertices-138lrmdw.png Fig. 7: All cycles H on four vertices. https://scispace.com/papers/surpassing-thermodynamic-kinetic-and-stability-barriers-to-7k9j11zs74 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-assessing-the-limitations-of-free-enzyme-lslai-a-338f5c1e.png Fig. 1 Assessing the limitations of free-enzyme LsLAI. a Initial turnover rates of purified LsLAI compared at medium (100mM, green) and high (400mM, orange) substrate loading at low (37 °C) and elevated (50 °C) temperatures. Comparison of the non-native substrate, galactose at low (GAL-37C) and high (GAL-50C) temperature, to that of native substrate, arabinose at low temperature (ARA-37C). b Loss of activity of purified LsLAI over time incubated at 37 °C (green) or 50 °C (orange). Half-life calculated from first-order decay equation. c Equilibrium conversion of purified LsLAI starting from 10mM total substrate with galactose to tagatose ratio at 1:0 (10mM galactose, purple), 1:1 (5 mM each galactose and tagatose, orange), or 0:1 (10mM tagatose, green) incubated at 37 °C. Additional enzyme was added every 24 h to account for thermal inactivation. The data are means from three independent https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lslai-surface-display-and-activity-a-flow-cytometry-1m7spm55.png Fig. 2 LsLAI surface display and activity. a Flow cytometry analysis of L. plantarum wild-type cells (green), cells expressing intracellular His6-tagged LsLAI (orange), or cells expressing LsLAI fused to native surface anchor proteins A1-A6 for display (blue) with 105 counts per sample. Data is normalized to number of counts. b Comparing the amount of tagatose produced from 200mM galactose in 2 h (hashed) with the positive percentage of the population with surface detection intensity above that of wild-type (WT) for intracellularly expressed IC1 or anchor protein A1-A6 (colored) based on negative gate. c Scatterplot of each replicate measurement correlating surface detection vs. tagatose produced. There is no significant correlation between the display level and activity based on Pearson Product Moment Correlation test (Correlation coefficient=−0.395, p= 0.0564). The data are means from three https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-modified-encapsulation-of-lslai-maximizes-tagatose-1aj73arz.png Fig. 4 Modified encapsulation of LsLAI maximizes tagatose production. Batch tagatose production over time starting from 300mM galactose. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-encapsulation-of-lslai-improves-equilibrium-conversion-l4r6gaw1.png Fig. 3 Encapsulation of LsLAI improves equilibrium conversion and provides thermal stability. a Loss of activity of encapsulated LsLAI (IC2) over time incubated in PBSM pH 7.4 at 37 °C (orange) or 50 °C (blue). Half-life https://scispace.com/papers/surprise-volume-and-heteroskedasticity-in-equity-market-32tlz8yser 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-estimation-results-model-m4-parameters-1zctvvue.png Table 7: Estimation Results Model M4—Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-scheme-for-conditional-variance-effects-v307sz0a.png Table 9: Scheme for Conditional Variance Effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-model-estimation-results-aic-273qqo29.png Table 4: Model Estimation Results—AIC https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-diagnostics-for-standard-and-surprise-volume-models-b9fng6vr.png Table 5: Diagnostics for Standard and Surprise Volume Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-estimation-results-model-m7-parameters-27ds8kxg.png Table 8: Estimation Results Model M7—Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-estimation-results-aic-147o2o72.png Table 1: Model Estimation Results—AIC https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-model-estimation-results-aic-2q7z92xm.png Table 2: Model Estimation Results—AIC https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimation-results-model-m1-parameters-3njq6mhv.png Table 6: Estimation Results Model M1—Parameters https://scispace.com/papers/surrogate-decision-making-do-we-have-to-trade-off-accuracy-2k9h8vs3z1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-demographic-details-of-participants-in-study-2-2y2lckmk.png Table 3 Demographic Details of Participants in Study 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-accuracy-proportion-of-correctly-inferred-patient-17uqtu6z.png Figure 2 Accuracy (proportion of correctly inferred patient treatment preferences) of different approaches to making a surrogate decision (error bars show bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals of mean accuracy). The dotted line indicates the mean performance of the patient-designated surrogates. 1) Data on physicians’ accuracy are from Uhlmann and others,39 who reported no confidence intervals. 2) Data on statistical prediction rule accuracy are from Smucker and others9 and Shalowitz and others.29 See main text for more information about those studies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-signal-detection-analysis-the-bars-show-group-means-35quzv3o.png Figure 5 Signal detection analysis: The bars show group means of discrimination ability d# and response criterion c (z values) of the different surrogate approaches. Error bars show 95% highest density intervals (i.e., ‘‘Bayesian confidence intervals’’).48 In addition to conducting the overall analysis, we calculated discrimination ability d# for the 8 scenarios in the mixed-preference set (gray bars). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-proportion-of-hypothetical-patients-who-preferred-e7eygvmo.png Figure 3 Proportion of hypothetical patients who preferred to be treated in the 24 scenarios (error bars represent 95% Clopper-Pearson confidence intervals for proportions). Panels show 8 different health states and the bars represent the 3 medical, potentially lethal complications (see online material). ALS = amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-accuracy-proportion-of-correctly-inferred-patient-28fovn5d.png Figure 4 Accuracy (proportion of correctly inferred patient treatment preferences) of the different approaches, separately for the ‘‘treatment preference set,’’ the ‘‘no-treatment preference set,’’ and the ‘‘mixed-preference set’’ of medical scenarios (error bars show bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals of mean accuracy). The dotted line indicates the mean performance of the patient-designated surrogates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-preferences-from-the-hypothetical-patients-and-1f83tn7t.png Figure 1 Preferences (from the hypothetical patients’ and surrogates’ points of view) with respect to different approaches to making a surrogate decision (error bars show bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals of mean ranks). The left plot shows the results for the online sample and the right plot the results for the offline sample (participants aged 65 years and older only). https://scispace.com/papers/surprising-gifts-theory-and-laboratory-evidence-2npe2ypk5n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-distribution-of-coefficients-significant-at-5-3sin9rih.png Fig. 1. The distribution of coefficients, significant at 5% level, estimated in within-subject regressions of transfers on guesses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-determinants-of-dictator-transfers-in-experiment-2-2x9ltpet.png Table 2. Determinants of dictator transfers in Experiment 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fixed-effects-truncated-regression-coefficients-for-1wk7lsmv.png Table 1. Fixed-effects truncated regression coefficients for subsamples of conditional transfers. https://scispace.com/papers/surround-suppression-explained-by-long-range-recruitment-of-2iyi029bn8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-neurons-within-a-column-are-not-temporally-lnd8xwax.png Figure 2 Neurons within a column are not temporally correlated in response to centre-surround grating stimulation. (a–b) Spiking responses of neurons in the centre population, in response to centre-only (a) and centre-surround stimulation (b) with 90° orientation stimulus. Inhibitory neurons: blue-green; two of four excitatory SSNs: red and yellow. (c–d) Firing rates over time for neurons with 90° orientation preference (colours as in a–b). e Orientation tuning curves for excitatory and inhibitory neurons are similar. Under centre-only stimulation (a and c), excitatory neurons within a column respond together, since they share a common preferred orientation, but are temporally decorrelated (correlation coefficient close to zero; c and f). Under wide-field stimulation (b and d), responses of neurons within the same column become more negatively correlated (negative correlation coefficient; d and f). *** p < 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-used-in-analysis-of-the-mean-field-model-2j2feym6.png Table 2 Parameters used in analysis of the mean-field model that differ from those given in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-non-random-excitatory-connectivity-underlies-2wmqi0o5.png Figure 3 Non-random excitatory connectivity underlies competition and reduced correlation in response to centre-surround stimulation. (a–c) Correlation between the neurons in a column, as a function of the SSN-specificity parameters P+ and PM (see Methods; Fig. 1). Grey dots and circles: measurements from individual simulations of the spiking network model. Surface in (a) and curves in (b–c): smooth fit to individual simulations. Both local recurrent specificity (P+) and long-range specificity (PM) promote competition within single columns (negative correlation coefficients). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-orientation-tuned-suppression-under-centre-surround-24hqjt5d.png Figure 5 Orientation-tuned suppression under centre-surround stimulation. (a) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sparsening-of-responses-to-simulated-natural-3bx00ond.png Figure 6 Sparsening of responses to simulated natural stimuli. (a–b) Firing rate profiles in response to cRF-only (a) and wide-field natural stimuli (b). Colors are as indicated in Fig. 2a–d. Firing rate curves show the responses of neurons tuned for 90° orientation, as indicated in a and b. See Methods for a description of the timevarying natural stimulus. (c–e) Wide-field stimulation provokes a significant reduction in correlations within the local population (c), reflected in a significant increase in both population (d) and lifetime sparseness (e). Colors and curve styles as indicated in (e2). (f) Responses of the inhibitory population to wide-field stimulation are significantly elevated, and are less sparse under the Vinje-Gallant measure (right; V&G) but not under a kurtosis measure (left; Kurt.). Inset: statistical comparison for (f1). Stronger and less sparse inhibitory responses have been observed experimentally14,15. “Specific”: full network. “Unspecific”: network without local competition in c–f, P+ = PM = 25%, with other parameters unchanged. “No recurrent”: network with all recurrent connections removed, JE = JI = 0. a.u.: arbitrary units. Horizontal bars indicate significance; n.s.: not significant, p > 0.05; * p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-network-architecture-of-the-center-surround-39l32bmx.png Figure 1 The network architecture of the center-surround model. (a) We simulated several populations representing non-overlapping locations in primary visual cortex (dashed cicrles), covering distinct locations of the visual field. Each population was simulated as a ring of neurons considered to span an orientation hypercolumn, i.e. containing a set of columns with a complete ordered sequence of orientation preferences. One population (“C”) corresponded to the centre of visual stimulation; the others corresponded to the visual surround (“S”). Scale bar: 1 mm (b) Excitatory (triangles) and inhibitory neurons (circles) in each population were arranged in orientation columns around the ring, with preferred orientations indicated by coloured bars. Local excitatory and inhibitory connections within each population, as well as long-range excitatory connections between populations, were modelled as Gaussian fields over difference in preferred orientation (curves in b). For simplicity only projections from a single population are shown (“C” ring; upper); connections were made identically within and between each population in the model. (c) Connections from single neurons were made both within a column, and between populations. Excitatory neurons within a column were distributed evenly across several subnetworks (SSNs; see Methods for details of parameters). A proportion of local excitatory synapses was reserved to be made only with other neurons within the same SSN (P+). Long-range excitatory connections were also sensitive to SSN membership, under the parameter PM. JE , JI : Strength of excitatory (E) and inhibitory (I) synapses. PIN , PI : Fraction of synapses onto excitatory (IN) and inhibitory (I) targets made locally within the same hypercolumn, as opposed to long-range projections to other hypercolumns. For simplicity, only connections from a single excitatory and inhibitory neuron are shown; projection rules are identical for all neurons in the model. (d) Placed in visual space, the central population corresponded to approximately 1° of visual space; the surround populations were defined to cover approximately 4.5° of visual space. Scale bar: 1°v https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dependence-of-competition-on-stimulation-type-and-3otofed4.png Figure 4 Dependence of competition on stimulation type and model parameters. Both synaptic strength (a–b; inhibitory: JI ; excitatory: JE ) and degree of SSN-specificity (c–d; local: P+; long-range: PM) affect the strength of competition within a column (negative competition index; grey shading. See Methods). Centre-surround stimulation (b and d) generally increases the strength of competition. Both soft and hard competitive regimes exist. sWTA: soft winner-take-all (WTA) regime; hWTA: hard WTA regime; UN: unbalanced regime. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-used-in-simulations-of-the-spiking-model-8a2ummb1.png Table 1 Parameters used in simulations of the spiking model. Exc., E: excitatory / excitation; Inh., I: inhibitory / inhibition; Prop.: proportion of; Syn.: synapses; SSN: Specific subnetwork. https://scispace.com/papers/survey-of-a-210-kj-dense-plasma-focus-dpf-6-8oxqaitcvg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-ik-voltage-spike-vg-and-voltage-spike-minus-equivalent-345xj0mg.png Fig. Ik. Voltage Spike Vg and Voltage Spike Minus Equivalent Flat Discharge Voltage, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-average-x-ray-fluences-vs-pinch-current-i-pin-5dzj5izw.png Fig. 12. Average X-Ray Fluences $ vs Pinch Current I pin https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-equivalent-flat-discharge-voltage-vs-charge-voltage-v-2i8p1wfv.png Fig. 13. Equivalent Flat Discharge Voltage vs Charge Voltage V Q . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5a-tc-1-data-x-ray-fluenee-averages-vs-charge-voltage-v-9ugq79d0.png Fig. 5a. TC-1 Data: X-ray Fluenee * Averages vs Charge Voltage V Q , https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-pinch-current-i-vs-charge-voltage-v-3ieh949c.png Fig. 11. Pinch Current I ^ vs Charge Voltage V . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-shows-neutron-ccasureaents-for-tinert-case-the-pll1854b.png Figure 19 shows neutron ccasureaents for tinert case*. The vertical scale runs from 10 to 100 counts For the best data the neutron yield rises u V , though the overall average rises as V 3 . V 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-neutron-yield-y-vs-charge-voltage-v-for-p-17-torr-do-3uy9tb8m.png Fig. 18. Neutron Yield Y vs Charge Voltage V for P = 17 Torr Do. ° O d Fie. 19. I!eutron Yield If vo Charge Voltage V for Viced CasesV e https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-x-ray-fluence-histograms-fluence-ss-vs-number-of-times-3t7w8bap.png Fig. 6. X-ray Fluence Histograms: Fluence § vs Number of Times a Given Fluence was Obtained. https://scispace.com/papers/survey-of-naturally-occurring-hazardous-materials-in-deep-3xcb8jjj48 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-crustal-abundance-of-the-chemical-elements-10seun3n.png Fig. 1. Crustal abundance of the chemical elements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-naturally-occurring-elements-and-their-precentage-in-1qbuhbx8.png Table 2. Naturally occurring elements and their precentage in ores. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-d-lution-ratios-calculated-for-average-concentration-3ge79ain.png Table 4. D-lution ratios calculated for average concentration of the element in its mineral ore wish reference to safe drinking water standards https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dilution-ratios-calculated-for-faximum-concentration-31gl4u9b.png Table 3. Dilution ratios calculated for Faximum concentration of the element in Its mineral ore with reference to safe drinking water standards (DtfC). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relative-toxicity-of-nuclear-waste-over-time-compared-27a87iuc.png Fig. 2. Relative toxicity of nuclear waste over time, compared with that of average mineral ores of toxic elements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-toxicity-index-for-certain-naturally-occurring-toxic-wkpqaqcw.png Table 1. Toxicity index for certain naturally occurring toxic minerals in the Earth's lithosphere. https://scispace.com/papers/survey-of-pulse-shortening-in-high-power-microwave-sources-4904e3dn43 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pulse-shortening-in-the-milo-constant-energy-cy5n9d19.png Fig. 1. Pulse shortening in the MILO. Constant energy observations are common to most HPM sources. (Courtesy of Forrest J. Agee.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-beam-radial-expansion-and-diffusion-caused-by-high-d5qi7osk.png Fig. 3. Beam radial expansion and diffusion caused by high microwave fields i a BWO. Radial profile of the beam current density; cathode edge is at 19 mm. From [3]. https://scispace.com/papers/survey-of-sars-cov-2-genetic-diversity-in-two-major-ywv9mu49uj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representations-of-the-spike-protein-and-3jmf1s0s.png Figure 1 - Schematic representations of the Spike protein and the 1006 bp amplicon. PCR amplifications were performed with primers that were used both for PCR and Sanger sequencing (blue arrows). Yellow arrows indicate primers used only for sequencing. Colored rectangles represent changes in amino acids found in different VOI and VOC's and their respective positions in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, Lysine (K) blue, Glutamic acid (E) orange, Asparagine (N) green, Alanine (A) purple, Aspartic acid (D) yellow, Valine (V) dark green. It is also represented the 969 bp PCR amplificon generated with primers annealing within https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-amino-acid-changes-found-in-circulating-variants-3ue5z3xa.png Table 1. Amino acid changes found in circulating variants that can be identified by sequencing the amplified fragments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stacked-bar-plots-of-the-sars-cov-2-variants-2h7ivbx5.png Figure 2 - Stacked bar plots of the SARS-CoV-2 variants genotyped by Sanger sequencing in the cities of São Paulo (A, C) and in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte (B, D). Colors of the bars represent the number of samples (A, B) or the frequency (C, D) of the variants by period: purple, B.1; blue, B.1.1.7; green, P.1; yellow P.2 / N.9. https://scispace.com/papers/survey-of-techniques-for-reduction-of-wind-turbine-blade-5cyh44278s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trailing-edge-serrations-on-the-blade-of-a-ge-2-3-wptpo52n.png Figure 2. Trailing edge serrations on the blade of a GE 2.3 MW prototype turbine. From [1]. Reprinted with the author’s permission. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-trailing-edge-brush-attachments-in-this-photograph-xhrkwg3r.png Figure 3. Trailing edge brush attachments. In this photograph, each brush consists of a single row of polypropylene fibers. From [2]. Reprinted with permission of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://scispace.com/papers/survey-of-the-preparation-purity-and-availability-of-silanes-oyqnp8s2cy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-flow-schemat-ic-of-the-union-carbide-si-lane-30rws98q.png Figure 3-1 . Flow Schemat ic of the Union Carbide Si lane Process , Ultra-High-Purity Si licon Plant https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-5-photovoltaic-properties-the-ef-fect-of-impurity-3hcpetr2.png Table 2-5 . Photovoltaic Properties : The Ef fect of Impurity Gases in Silane https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-6-si-lane-prices-u-s-list-july-1983-idqxjbzi.png Table 2-6 . Si lane Prices (U . S . list , July 1983) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-union-carbide-si-lane-process-compound-relative-16ps2ydb.png Table 3-2. Union Carbide Si lane Process Compound Relative Volati lity Factor https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-impurities-detected-i-n-si-lane-cylinders-m5-1ftkkzlu.png Table 2-2 . Impurities Detected i n Si lane : Cylinders M5 through K 6A https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-process-impurit-ies-for-union-carbide-si-lane-2xb1m4wl.png Table 3-1 . Process Impurit ies for Union Carbide Si lane https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-4-impurities-detected-in-disi-lane-3vdbsttb.png Table 2-4. Impurities Detected in Disi lane https://scispace.com/papers/survey-of-the-visual-exploration-and-analysis-of-perfusion-84o5j9fnsb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-glyph-based-visual-exploration-of-cerebral-perfusion-ixhurcvj.png Fig. 9. Glyph-based visual exploration of cerebral perfusion parameters. The glyph display in all images has been restricted to suspicious regions by means of smooth brushing. (a) One circular disc is placed per data point. Changes in glyph size are hard to interpret. A magnification (inlet) improves the readability but involves a loss of context information and spatial orientation. (b) The application of a lower resolution layer solves the problem. (Data are courtesy of Jonathan Wiener, Boca Raton Community Hospital.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-typical-parameters-of-data-sets-from-mri-perfusion-192l3t3y.png TABLE 1 Typical Parameters of Data Sets from MRI Perfusion Imaging https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-typical-tic-in-myocardial-perfusion-with-a-1lnyg6kj.png Fig. 2. A typical TIC in myocardial perfusion with a significant first pass and an alleviated second pass of CA traversal annotated with the essential parameters to evaluate the first pass. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-a-enhancement-scatterplot-with-a-selected-region-for-3qcku1bk.png Fig. 14. (a) Enhancement scatterplot with a selected region for time step t1. (b) Importance-driven volume rendering of areas defined by brushing on a set of enhancement scatterplots. (Images are courtesy of Ernesto Coto, Central University of Venezuela.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-grayscale-mip-of-the-subtraction-volume-of-two-hsdclmcz.png Fig. 13. A grayscale MIP of the subtraction volume of two early points in time is combined with a color-coded CVP. The color encodes the dynamical behavior: bright voxels show a strong enhancement for an early period, less intense voxels show less enhancement. A blue color indicates a continuous enhancement for a later period in time, and a green color indicates a plateau in the TIC. Yellow and red colors indicate a rapid wash-out. (Image is courtesy of Sven Kohle, MeVis Research. Data are courtesy of Jonathan Wiener, Boca Raton Community Hospital.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-subtraction-volumes-of-dynamic-contrast-enhanced-mri-2zsr93te.png Fig. 3. Subtraction volumes of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI mammography data rendered as Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP). (a) Due to respiration, the data exhibit bright artifacts in regions that are not aligned. (b) After aligning the data, the volume becomes more transparent and reveals an enhancing tumor. (Image is courtesy of Sven Kohle, MeVis Research, Bremen. Data are courtesy of Jonathan Wiener, Boca Raton Community Hospital.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-synchronized-lenses-in-both-hemispheres-of-the-brain-1uavxliv.png Fig. 12. Synchronized lenses in both hemispheres of the brain support the comparison between the symmetric regions. PE is the foreground parameter mapped to color and TTP is the background parameter. In the lens region, the information from both parameters is integrated by means of alpha blending. The core of the stroke in the right hemisphere (appears left in the image) becomes obvious by comparing the regions inside the synchronized lenses. (Image is courtesy of Christian Bendicks, University of Magdeburg. Data are courtesy of Jonathan Wiener, Boca Raton Community Hospital.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-parameter-maps-ttp-mtt-and-the-relative-cerebral-blood-2ea38xp7.png Fig. 5. Parameter maps TTP, MTT, and the relative cerebral blood volume (roughly corresponding to the general perfusion parameter Integral) of a cerebral MRI perfusion data set are depicted. The delayed blood flow in the right hemisphere (left part of the images) becomes obvious. (Images are courtesy of Jonathan Wiener, Boca Raton Community Hospital.) https://scispace.com/papers/survey-on-early-career-travel-support-shows-geographic-pb84188b5b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cumulative-distribution-functions-describing-the-37d3qqaz.png Figure 2. Cumulative distribution functions describing the reported spending on professional travel for the geographic groups indicated. The lines indicate the fraction of reported travel events from each of those geographic groups that spent up to the amount on the xaxis. A distribution curve to the left of the black line indicates that group was more likely to spend less than average and farther to the right indicates increasingly higher likelihood of spending a lot more than average. Africa was omitted from this figure because of the low number of responses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-breakdown-of-travel-funding-sources-per-event-by-350xh45m.png Figure 3. Breakdown of travel funding sources per event by career stage, indigenous status, region, and reason for travel. Each bar shows the fraction of funding for travel to events attended by those meeting the description that comes from each of the listed sources. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-likelihood-that-a-travel-related-expense-is-covered-153ftqs7.png Figure 5. Likelihood that a travel-related expense is covered by travel support funding for different demographic groups. The colormap shows the fraction of respondents who reported having an expense covered by travel funding, with everyone in the top row and demographic groups in the following rows. The black up arrows indicate that a particular group is more likely than average to have an expense covered by travel funds, and the white down arrows indicate that they are less likely. Close to the group average (within 5 %) is left without an arrow. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-responses-by-demographic-group-considered-3pgi7388.png Table 1. Number of responses by demographic group considered in this study. The number in parenthesis indicates the number of respondents from each continent who identified as Indigenous or a northern community resident. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fraction-of-survey-responses-that-described-varying-3uqry357.png Figure 4. Fraction of survey responses that described varying levels of need for a travel advance. Blue indicates a travel advance is critical to attending the meeting or event, red that it would put the ECR in a difficult financial situation to travel without an advance, yellow that it would be appreciated but is not necessary, and purple that the ECR would not use it. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-number-of-events-attended-over-two-years-by-r60ojvv1.png Figure 1. Mean number of events attended over two years by event type and demographic group. https://scispace.com/papers/surveying-the-best-volatility-measurements-to-forecast-stock-1cmjoshxbx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-order-of-and-the-corresponding-methods-of-y2zvo37x.png Table 3: The order of 𝑀𝐴𝑃𝐸 and the corresponding methods of forecasting https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-values-of-volatility-according-to-type-3cxx5ygz.png Table 1: The values of volatility according to type https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-forecast-prices-and-actual-prices-of-s-p-500-with-31li4p3c.png Table 2: Forecast Prices and Actual Prices of S&P 500 with 𝑀𝐴𝑃𝐸 https://scispace.com/papers/survey-when-semantics-meet-crowdsourcing-to-enhance-big-data-4vhyqjt764 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-high-level-overview-of-the-proposed-data-integration-339olceg.png Fig. 5. A high-level overview of the proposed data integration workflow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-oceanlink-infrastructure-2wzvxfw0.png Fig. 1. Oceanlink infrastructure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-input-data-sources-and-output-links-in-urbanmatch-24-nk88ll76.png Fig. 3. Input data sources and output links in UrbanMatch [24]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-linked-sensor-middleware-architecture-23-29zimp9d.png Fig. 2. Linked Sensor Middleware architecture [23]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-semantic-enrichment-of-a-sequence-image-25-qxx5fjs1.png Fig. 4. Semantic Enrichment of a Sequence Image [25]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-selected-existing-works-in-big-data-zc2v75ze.png TABLE I SUMMARY OF SELECTED EXISTING WORKS IN BIG DATA INTEGRATION USE CASES WHERE SEMANTICS MEET CROWDSOURCING. https://scispace.com/papers/surveying-in-hostile-and-non-accessible-areas-with-the-4n2rw7virc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-hydroball-sketch-the-lever-arm-vector-abv-is-defined-2fhr9ubo.png Fig. 3 HydroBall Sketch. The lever-arm vector abV is defined from the GNSS antena center of phase to the SBES transducer acoustic center. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-on-top-hydroball-trials-for-assessment-of-the-sea-37jisve2.png Fig. 4 On top, HydroBall trials for assessment of the sea surface multipath refection. Bottom: Vertical error through time and 2D horizontal error plots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-error-surface-between-the-hydroball-dataset-and-the-2cu4dh59.png Fig. 7 Error surface between the HydroBall dataset and the multibeam reference data set. Areas in green indicates an error lower than 5cm. 95% of the errors are less than 5cm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-hydroball-system-is-integrated-in-a-40cm-sphere-it-2r9btfmv.png Fig. 1 The HydroBall system is integrated in a 40cm sphere. It is equiped with a SBES operating at 500Khz, a L1/L2 GNSS reveiver and a MEMs Inertial Measurement Unit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plot-of-the-horizontal-error-and-vertical-error-3qks7b4f.png Fig. 5 Plot of the horizontal error and vertical error components vs. a maximum admissible error bound defined for a particular application. From this plot we can see the maximum operational range of the system (about 17m depth) in order to meet the uncertainty requirement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mbes-reference-surface-and-hydroball-data-on-the-right-33r7wxgv.png Fig. 6 MBES reference surface and Hydroball data (on the right). The red box shows the location of the overlap between HydoBall and MBES datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-some-applications-of-the-hydroball-system-top-left-1u71ilbo.png Fig. 2 Some applications of the HydroBall system: Top left: Transect of a river (Rimouski river) ; Top right: Riverbed survey (Rimouski river) ; Middle left: Deployment from an inflatable (Anguille Lake) ; Middle right: Deployment from an amphibious vehicle for beach profiling (Anse au Lard) ; Bottom left: Survey in a confined area (Romaine river) ; Bottom right: Deployment from an Helicopter for dangerous areas surveys (Romaine river). https://scispace.com/papers/surveying-the-critical-success-factors-of-bpm-systems-1ciawyfl42 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bpms-implementation-framework-2umm5cd2.png Figure 2. BPMS implementation framework https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-historical-roadmap-to-bpms-2xbsc7dd.png Figure 1. Historical roadmap to BPMS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-factor-scores-on-the-six-statements-on-bpm-and-bpm-21d56181.png Table IV. Factor scores on the six statements on BPM and BPM-systems https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-judgment-of-the-statements-on-bpm-and-bpm-systems-6efstr50.png Table II. Judgment of the statements on BPM and BPM-systems https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-survey-response-group-by-membership-of-the-bpm-2yh6bfqq.png Table I: The survey response group by membership of the BPM forum and BPM supply chain position https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-judgm-ent-of-the-b-pm-s-im-plem-entation-item-s-by-1caj47tf.png Table V . Judgm ent of the B PM S im plem entation item s by area of the B PM im plem entation fram ew ork https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-factor-analysis-results-after-varimax-rotation-on-lbhx6i15.png Table III.Factor analysis results (after varimax rotation) on six statements on BPM and BPM-systems https://scispace.com/papers/surveying-the-delivery-methods-of-crispr-cas9-for-ex-vivo-bv3wsuggnd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-survey-of-the-approaches-taken-for-the-integration-1khg3loj.png Table 1. A survey of the approaches taken for the integration of increasingly large DNA constructs in human cells using CRISPR/Cas9. https://scispace.com/papers/surveys-of-microwave-ovens-in-u-s-homes-4yckmhqb8v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-education-level-distribution-of-cmwo-sub-sample-in-3kz9ca47.png Figure 2: Education Level Distribution of CMWO sub-sample in MWO Survey https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3-survey-cleaning-statistics-fjcy8kxp.png Table 2.3. Survey cleaning statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-microwave-count-mwo-survey-3jb7bprx.png Table 3.1: Microwave Count (MWO Survey) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-microwave-frequency-of-use-mwo-survey-3cp9y9bb.png Table 3.4: Microwave Frequency of Use (MWO Survey) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-microwave-frequency-of-use-mwo-survey-n-2258-2ao4ens2.png Figure 8: Microwave Frequency of Use (MWO Survey; n=2258) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-5-microwave-heating-time-mwo-survey-2te4q6c5.png Table 3.5: Microwave Heating Time (MWO Survey) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-microwave-heating-use-mwo-survey-n-2258-27vkw9sv.png Figure 9: Microwave Heating Use (MWO Survey; n=2258) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-regional-distribution-of-cmwo-sub-sample-in-mwo-37xzy3rc.png Figure 4: Regional Distribution of CMWO sub-sample in MWO Survey https://scispace.com/papers/surveying-the-evolution-of-computing-in-architecture-3kkeo7ojym 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analysis-of-importance-competence-coverage-of-2r0jayrf.png Table 2 - Analysis of importance-competence-coverage of computer science knowledge in the AEC 696 curricula (The knowledge importance within the program curriculum (1: Not Important, 2: Somewhat 697 Important, 3: Neutral, 4: Important, 5: Very Important). The competence of student knowledge (1: 698 somewhat unskilled, 2: unskilled, 3: novice, 4: expert, 5: very expert). The knowledge coverage within 699 program curriculum (1: not covered, 2: introduced, 3: covered, 4: moderately covered, 5: extensively 700 covered)) 701 702 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-ranked-priorities-by-program-of-computer-science-28g4lo9o.png Table 6 – Ranked priorities by Program of Computer science knowledge topics 753 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-analysis-of-importance-competence-coverage-of-3d9kdd1x.png Table 1- Analysis of importance-competence-coverage of computing skills in the AEC curricula (The 690 weights for importance (1: Not Important, 2: Somewhat Important, 3: Neutral, 4: Important, 5: Very 691 Important). For competence (1: somewhat unskilled, 2: unskilled, 3: novice, 4: expert, 5: very expert). For 692 coverage (1: not covered, 2: introduced, 3: covered, 4: moderately covered, 5: extensively covered)) 693 https://scispace.com/papers/survival-analysis-of-left-truncated-income-protection-2nq1qv6ekg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-unconditional-model-fitting-d-v9emn8x9.png Figure 11: Unconditional model fitting d) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3fp57tcd.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2j80cm6a.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1zga4n8l.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-conditional-model-fitting-c-387wus6i.png Figure 8: Conditional model fitting c) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-unconditional-model-fitting-c-2w1595id.png Figure 9: Unconditional model fitting c) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-it-is-not-surprising-that-after-taking-these-y7u4bify.png Table 4. It is not surprising that after taking these covariates into account, we have achieved a higher maximum log-likelihood value compared with the results we obtained in Section 3 for all the models without taking any covariate into account. The AIC value for the conditional Burr XII mixture regression model is 6236.026. This is lower than the AIC value achieved by the general model, which was 6318.04. Notice that, it is also possible to link the long term survivor proportion to the covariates by a logistic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-conditional-model-fitting-b-39najqa8.png Figure 6: Conditional model fitting b) https://scispace.com/papers/survival-and-growth-of-nothofagus-pumilio-seedlings-under-3yohjwn5vu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-air-temperature-gray-and-mean-soil-temperature-1zkn3u7a.png Fig. 2 Mean air temperature (gray) and mean soil temperature (black) over the study period (1 October to 31 March) in the different treatments, and accumulated net rainfall in open areas https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-relationship-between-leaf-water-potential-lwp-at-dawn-zgf079y8.png Fig. 6 Relationship between leaf water potential (LWP) at dawn and midday for the different treatments. Bars indicate ±standard error https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-leaf-water-potential-lwp-at-dawn-gray-line-and-midday-18bw47xn.png Fig. 5 Leaf water potential (LWP) at dawn (gray line) and midday (black line) in 3 months over the study period (November, January, and March) in the different treatments. Bars indicate ±standard error https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-seedling-height-of-plants-growing-in-the-31cth7oz.png Fig. 4 Mean seedling height of plants growing in the different treatments during the first 8 years after harvesting. Bars indicate±standard deviation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-the-study-area-cross-mark-at-los-cerros-281yx10g.png Fig. 1 Location of the study area (cross mark) at Los Cerros Ranch (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina). Forests were classified to (1) Nothofagus antarctica forests (pale gray), (2)N. pumilio forests (gray), and (3) mixed evergreen N. betuloides and deciduous N. pumilio forests (black) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-cca-analysis-for-the-measured-biometric-and-water-1cqss1ae.png Fig. 7 CCA analysis for the measured biometric and water potential variables of the regeneration during the growing season (a November, b January, and c March). Plots were classified according to the different treatments: AR = aggregated retention, DR = dispersed retention, RT = under the influence area of remnant overstorey trees, D = under woody debris, and R = over secondary roads. Environmental explicatory variables were volumetric soil water content (VSW) (percent), crown and debris cover (CC) (percent), global radiation (GR) (watts per square meter), soil acidity (pH ), cation exchange capacity (CEC ) (milliequivalents per 100 g), soil bulk density (SD) (grams per cubic centimeter), and nutrient soil content of organic carbon (C) (milligrams per cubic centimeter), total nitrogen (N) (milligrams per cubic centimeter), phosphorous (P) (milligrams per cubic centimeter), potassium (K) (milligrams per cubic centimeter), and magnesium (Mg) (milligrams per cubic centimeter) https://scispace.com/papers/survival-analysis-model-to-estimate-sensory-shelf-life-with-3qo6nc6h8t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-predicted-percent-rejection-in-relation-to-storage-15anxyhl.png Figure 1. Predicted percent rejection in relation to storage time for a lemon-flavored juice stored at 24ºC under conditions of no-illumination and with-illumination. https://scispace.com/papers/survivable-virtual-infrastructure-mapping-in-virtualized-2w19v3gnj3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-on-a-vl2-network-with-light-workloads-2wjo89uy.png Fig. 4. Performance on a VL2 network with light workloads https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-performance-on-a-vl2-network-with-heavy-workloads-19vttpm5.png Fig. 5. Performance on a VL2 network with heavy workloads https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-svi-physical-mapping-2692v743.png Fig. 1. SVI-physical mapping https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-major-notations-3lub3myv.png TABLE I MAJOR NOTATIONS https://scispace.com/papers/survival-and-consciousness-recovery-are-better-in-the-2ourhxz5fo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-patients-36j5clnb.png Table 1. Description of patients. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-survival-in-patients-in-the-vs-uws-and-in-the-mcs-3h5oxtps.png Figure 1. Survival in patients in the VS/UWS and in the MCS. Kaplan-Meier survival curves with their 95% confident intervals for patients in the VS/UWS (in red) and in the MCS (in black). https://scispace.com/papers/survival-and-dispersal-routes-of-head-started-loggerhead-sea-1we3bhvylk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-post-hatchling-identity-number-id-21-satellite-tagged-389zlbvc.png Fig. 2 Post-hatchling identity number (ID): 21 satellite-tagged with a solar-powered platform transmitter terminal (PTT) by 827 Desert Star S.L. a few moments after release 828 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-frequency-of-argos-location-codes-reported-with-evun1v9h.png Fig. 3 Frequency (%) of Argos location codes reported with satellite track locations from loggerhead sea turtle post-829 hatchlings released in the Western Mediterranean. 830 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-model-selection-for-recapture-and-survival-2ktqb07v.png Table 2 Model selection for recapture and survival probabilities of loggerhead post-hatchlings. For each model, the values for deviance, the number of estimable parameters (Np), corrected 847 Akaike’s Information Criterion (AICc), differences between the first model and the model with the lowest AICc (ΔAICc) and AICc weights are shown. Model notation is as follows: Phi: post-848 hatchlings survival probability; p: recapture probability; c: constant; t: time dependence (days); linear trend: linear dependency, month: monthly dependency, ln trend: logarithmic dependency, 849 exp trend: exponential dependency (positive or negative), half normal trend: half-normal dependency, age model for recapture (m2: considering two ages or m3: considering three ages), m*t: 850 interaction recapture probability and time. Bold face denotes the selected models. 851 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-post-hatchling-loggerhead-data-information-215hz0iv.png Table 1 Post-hatchling loggerhead data information. Hatchlings were kept in a head-starting program. Head-starting locations were: ARCA del mar (Área de Recuperación y Conservación de 840 Animales del mar, Oceanogràfic de València, Spain); CRAM (Centro de Recuperación de Animales Marinos, Tarragona, Spain); CEGMA (Andalusian Marine Environment Management Center, 841 Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio, Junta de Andalucía, Algeciras, Spain); and Aquarium of Sevilla (Spain). Several post-hatchlings from Clutch A were head-started at 842 ARCA (8 months) and at CEGMA (5 months). Clutch C was incubated at Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain). Total tag weight includes both the Platform Transmitter Terminal 843 (PTT) tag and attachment material. Days transmitted include all transmissions received with or without location. Distance traveled is the sum of the minimum distance between all consecutive 844 locations of each turtle. Release location was on the beach: Clutch A in Elx, Alacant (38.234 N, 0.513 W), Clutch B in Tarragona, Barcelona (41.129 N, 1.302 E) and Clutch C in Pulpí, Almería 845 (37.375 N, 1.636 W). 846 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-movement-segmentation-analyses-straight-lines-indicate-1t33k99t.png Fig. 5 Movement segmentation analyses. Straight lines indicate mean travel distance through time, red (slower travel 836 distance), green (low medium travel distance), blue (high medium travel distance), yellow (higher travel distance). Different 837 mean travel distances point to different types of movement. Figure 5a: Turtle identity number (ID): 14; Figure 5b: Turtle ID: 838 18 839 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-real-estimate-of-daily-survival-parameters-and-95-3oefgm8x.png Table 3 Real estimate of daily survival parameters and 95% confidence intervals (CI), in brackets, for all covariates of the selected model. Model notation is as follows: Phi: post-hatchling 853 loggerhead survival probability; c: constant, p: recapture probability (note that recapture probabilities are dependent on time elapsed since last encounter, thus, we considered three periods and 854 therefore three recapture probabilities: capture the day before (p1), two days ago (p2) or three or more days (p3), nest: nest intrinsic influence on survival rates, m3: model age for recapture for 855 three ages. Regarding nest influence, we show real estimate parameters for clutches A and C. 856 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dispersion-patterns-for-loggerhead-sea-turtle-caretta-jao7aydn.png Fig. 4 Dispersion patterns for loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) post-hatchlings in the Western Mediterranean. Release 831 point is marked by clutch letter (A, B or C). Therefore, figures 4a, 4b, and 4c represent the dispersion routes for clutches A (n 832 = 8), B (n = 2) and C (n = 9), respectively. Track colors represent different turtles. In 4c green colors represent post-hatchlings 833 released in September and the other colors represent post-hatchlings released in June. Maps obtained with SeaTurtle Maptool 834 (www.seaturtle.org/maptool) 835 https://scispace.com/papers/survival-of-eggs-of-atlantic-salmon-salmo-salar-in-a-1lamxc7y9e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-particle-size-characteristics-at-the-upstream-sites-2hucdiw5.png Table 1. Particle size characteristics at the upstream (Sites 2-3) and downstream (Site 4) sections in the study 471 area. 472 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-outputs-of-the-linear-regressions-between-each-of-2ha15hj9.png Table 4. Outputs of the linear regressions between each of the selected variables and the survival rates at all 477 boxes. Number of samples n=16 for each of the periods and n=48 for the total duration of the experiment. 478 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentages-of-average-survival-for-each-of-the-2h2alxge.png Table 2. Percentages of average survival for each of the sampling periods and for the total duration of the 473 experiment. Survival is calculated as an average of the reference boxes at site 1 and the boxes at sites 2, 3 and 4. 474 Results are presented for the whole box and for the top and bottom compartments respectively. 475 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-list-of-considered-variables-for-statistical-3u7k1hw3.png Table 3. List of considered variables for statistical analysis. 476 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-outputs-of-the-four-combinations-of-glm-models-1fv6f6zd.png Table 5. Outputs of the four combinations of GLM models. Consideration of model selection was based on the 479 AIC values. Note on abbreviations: WL= maximum duration of water levels below compartment (min.); O2= 480 dissolved oxygen (mg l-1); Turb= turbidity (NTU). 481 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-where-all-the-top-compartments-and-the-bottom-1zdheez5.png Figure 9, where all the top compartments and the bottom compartments of 3D and 3U were exposed to water 196 levels below the compartment and were also combined with air temperatures below zero, especially in period 1. 197 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-shows-the-continuous-levels-in-dissolved-oxygen-pdxlf1eg.png Figure 6 shows the continuous levels in dissolved oxygen around the top and bottom compartments of box 2D, 176 and several point measurements in the river. Dissolved oxygen levels in the subsurface water in the drained 177 substrate were at all times lower than in the river. Changes in dissolved oxygen were directly linked to changes 178 in groundwater level. However, the bottom compartments had higher dissolved oxygen concentrations than the 179 top compartments during the majority of the low flow periods (except for very cold periods with temperatures 180 below 0 ºC). In contrast, during the high flows in May, this is reversed with the top compartments having higher 181 levels of dissolved oxygen indicating a greater influence of highly oxygenated surface water in the upper 182 compartment areas. The dipping oxygen concentrations when the two flow peaks occur (Figure 6), suggests that 183 https://scispace.com/papers/survival-mechanism-of-a-novel-marine-multistress-tolerant-21mjmwyyug 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-physicochemical-properties-of-gxdk6-a-sediments-2jgrajpg.png Figure 1．Physicochemical properties of GXDK6. (a) Sediments from the mangrove area in the Beibu Gulf of China; (b) colony morphology of GXDK6; (c) cell morphology of GXDK6; (d) salt tolerance of GXDK6; (e) salt-removal ability of GXDK6; (f) growth curve of GXDK6 under NaCl stress; (g) GXDK6 cells incubated for 16 h under 0% NaCl; (h) GXDK6 cells incubated for 16 h under 5% NaCl; (i) GXDK6 cells incubated for 16 h under 10% NaCl; (j) GXDK6 cells incubated for 48 h under 0% NaCl; (k) GXDK6 cells incubated for 48 h under 5% NaCl; and (l) GXDK6 cells incubated for 48 h under 10% NaCl. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-annotation-of-the-genes-relevant-to-salt-tolerance-3vu0cbo1.png Table 1 Annotation of the genes relevant to salt tolerance in M. guilliermondii 781 GXDK6. 782 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-biosynthesis-mechanism-of-125-dihydroxyvitamin-d3-1cnt89h1.png Figure 5. Biosynthesis mechanism of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Metabolic pathway of (a) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, (b) delta (24)-sterol reductase, (c) C-5 sterol desaturase, (d) vitamin D3 dihydroxylase, (e) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D324-hydroxylase, and (f) 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha hydroxylase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-metabolomics-analysis-of-gxdk6-under-nacl-stress-a-sssnlhcr.png Figure 4. Metabolomics analysis of GXDK6 under NaCl stress. (a) Classification analysis of the metabolites; (b) total detected metabolites of GXDK6 under NaCl stress; (c) heatmap analysis of differential metabolites under NaCl stress for 16 h; and (d) heatmap analysis of differential metabolites under NaCl stress for 48 h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-proteomics-analysis-of-gxdk6-under-nacl-stress-a-2tr8537l.png Figure 3．Proteomics analysis of GXDK6 under NaCl stress. (a) Differential proteins of GXDK6 under NaCl stress for 16 h; (b) Venn diagram analysis of the differential proteins; (c) subcellular localization analysis of the differential proteins; (d) GO enrichment analysis of the differential proteins; (e) KO enrichment analysis of the differential proteins; (f) sugar transporter STL1 (regulated by scaffold3.t827); and (g) NADPH-dependent methylglyoxal reductase (regulated by scaffold8.g110). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistical-analysis-of-the-transcriptome-sequencing-3ey30n9b.png Table 2 Statistical analysis of the transcriptome sequencing genes. 784 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-transcriptome-sequencing-analysis-of-gxdk6-a-1rtiwl07.png Figure 2. Transcriptome sequencing analysis of GXDK6. (a) Differential genes of GXDK6 under NaCl stress for 16 h; (b) Venn diagram analysis of the differential genes for 16 h; (c) differential genes of GXDK6 under NaCl stress for 48 h; (d) Venn diagram analysis of the differential genes for 48 h; (e) KO enrichment analysis of the differential genes for 16 h; (f) GO enrichment analysis of the differential genes for 16 h; and (g) regulatory pathway of AAT2 (scaffold3.g530) in GXDK6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ko-enrichment-analysis-of-the-differentially-357ef5fw.png Table 3 KO enrichment analysis of the differentially transcribed genes 797 https://scispace.com/papers/survival-of-the-recidivistic-revealing-factors-associated-4yaw7z2zsj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-covariates-along-with-missing-values-2ywi6dyp.png Table 1: Description of covariates (along with missing values) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cox-regression-model-individual-level-attributes-n-1ubkrqbh.png Table 3: Cox Regression Model - Individual Level Attributes (n=1,372) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-sizes-of-hazard-ratio-with-95-c-i-individual-2iuamtmc.png Figure 4: Effect Sizes of Hazard Ratio with 95% C.I. (Individual Level Attributes) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-cox-regression-model-full-all-the-attributes-n-1207-3cujioby.png Table 7: Cox Regression Model – Full/All the attributes (n=1,207) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-aic-results-for-model-selection-across-different-1o0hi756.png Table 2: AIC Results for Model Selection Across different Penalization Terms (Individual Attributes Model) - Asterisk Highlights Best Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-career-duration-distribution-by-age-at-first-13dvcmz4.png Figure 3: Career Duration Distribution by Age at First Homicide, Sex and Race https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cox-regression-model-career-based-attributes-n-1218-nh1b46zu.png Table 5: Cox Regression Model - Career-based Attributes (n=1,218) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effect-sizes-of-hazard-ratio-with-95-c-i-full-model-ho5067fw.png Figure 7: Effect Sizes of Hazard Ratio with 95% C.I. (Full Model) https://scispace.com/papers/survival-and-predictors-of-deaths-of-patients-hospitalized-3tirewn7pg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-2zyn8vnt.png Table 1. (Continued.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-diagram-of-the-study-2hjdab74.png Fig. 1. Flow diagram of the study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-multivariate-model-for-the-comparison-of-risks-hr-24m5cqjg.png Fig. 3. Multivariate model for the comparison of risks (HR) adjusted for death. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overall-survival-of-hospitalised-patients-tl1rkf0k.png Fig. 2. Overall survival of hospitalised patients. https://scispace.com/papers/susceptibilities-of-human-ace2-genetic-variants-in-411htignoe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-ace2-variants-mediate-authentic-sars-cov-2-1xlmbp41.png Figure 4. The ACE2 variants mediate authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in vitro. (A) HeLa cells transduced with lentiviruses expressing human ACE2 SNVs or mouse ACE2 were infected with varying doses of SARS-CoV-2 virus (MOI=1, 0.3, 0.1 or 0.03). Expression of the viral nucleocapsid (N) protein or ACE2 orthologs was visualized by using the Operetta High Content Imaging System (PerkinElmer). Viral N protein (red) and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-ability-of-ace2-variants-to-mediate-authentic-3dw1pvva.png Figure 5. The ability of ACE2 variants to mediate authentic virus entry in vivo. (A) Schematic representation of the experimental timeline. Wild-type BALB/c mice were transduced with recombinant adenovirus expressing wild-type human ACE2 or the D355N variant ACE2 variants for 3 days, followed by SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Mice were sacrificed at day 3 post infection (n=5 mice per group) and lung tissues were collected for immunostaining with anti-N serum (B), and viral load titration (C). Representative images are shown from n = 5 mice. Scale bar, 200μm (B). Viral load was determined by focus-forming assay. **, p < 0.01. Significance assessed by one-way ANOVA (C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-ace2-molecule-and-16fdoqww.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of the ACE2 molecule and positions of the studied SNP loci. (A) The structures of human ACE2 complexed with the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 (PDB code: 6M0J), SARS-CoV (PDB code: 2AJF) or HCoV-NL63 (PDB code: 3KBH). ACE2 and the spike protein of each virus are colored in green and cyan, respectively. The residues of ACE2 at the interface with each spike protein are highlighted. (B) Coding-region variants from gnomAD in the genes encoding ACE2 used in this study are indicated. The SNPs and the alteration of the amino acids in this study are shown. (C) Prediction of the interaction of coronavirus spike proteins with ACE2 variants. The ΔΔG for missense mutation was calculated by mCSM-PPI2 with PBD 2AJF (SARS-CoV spike https://scispace.com/papers/survival-tucker-improved-diet-and-health-indicators-in-an-182squnn15 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-sample-screened-at-each-three-n1wcwah1.png Table 1: Characteristics of the sample screened at each three-month period https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-change-in-nutrient-density-over-the-intervention-26nfk838.png Figure 1: Change In nutrient density over the intervention period, Minjilang https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-density-of-folate-intake-and-mean-red-blood-eli-1luvqfuc.png Figure 5, Density of folate intake and mean red blood .::eli folate con· centrotion over the intervention period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-anthropometric-and-metabolic-data-for-those-xewvrrcx.png Table 2: Selected anthropometric and metabolic data for those participating in any survey (mean±standard error) .,b" https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-turnover-of-fruit-and-vegetables-during-the-3o04uz3n.png Figure 2; Turnover of fruit and vegetables during the previous three months (June 1986 to June 1990) https://scispace.com/papers/surviving-failures-in-bandwidth-constrained-datacenters-3on2fmxqv1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simple-network-topology-with-two-aggregation-2uwbaow3.png Figure 1: Simple network topology with two aggregation switches and four racks illustrating the tradeoff between bandwidth usage (pack servers together, (a)) and fault-tolerance (spread servers across racks, (b)). Grayed boxes indicate parts of the cluster network each allocation is using. Assuming only racks as fault domains, (a) has worst-case survival of 0.5 (four of the eight servers survive a failure of a rack), while (b) has worst-case survival of 0.75 (six of the eight servers survive). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-the-relative-change-in-core-bandwidth-x-axis-and-35bzl9sm.png Figure 14: The relative change in core bandwidth (x-axis) and fault tolerance (y-axis) for all services (circles) that actually reduced their fault tolerance for α=1 (left) and α=0.1 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cdf-of-number-of-servers-in-individual-services-and-3ks697zw.png Figure 3: CDF of number of servers in individual services and number of servers in environments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-this-plot-shows-the-changes-in-core-bandwidth-and-1x27mu05.png Figure 2: This plot shows the changes in core bandwidth and average worst-case survival for six different datacenters, after applying BW-only optimization (minimum k-way cut, crosses) and FT-only optimization (spreading servers, circles). For both optimizations, one of the metrics improves significantly, but the other one actually degrades. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-simple-example-of-a-datacenter-with-two-29z0o9iu.png Figure 8: A simple example of a “datacenter" with two containers and two different power sources. In this example, the power fault domains overlap with the network (container) fault domains. The dotted rectangles represent the resulting cells and gray squares represent the allocated servers. Configuration A has a FTC of 128 and a FT of 0; configuration B spreads the machines across the fault domains, hence has a lower FTC of 64 and a higher FT of 1/2. Note that FTC and FT are negatively correlated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-evaluation-of-cut-ft-bw-cut-randlow-and-ft-bw-on-dauak04d.png Figure 13: Evaluation of CUT+FT+BW, CUT+RANDLOW, and FT+BW on three additional datacenters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definitions-3i1728py.png Table 1: Definitions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-aggregate-time-during-a-single-month-that-all-znonpins.png Table 2: The aggregate time (during a single month) that all core links spent above certain utilization in one of our production datacenters. We cannot reveal the actual utilization of the links. https://scispace.com/papers/susceptibility-of-granite-rock-to-scco2-water-at-200-degrees-1rzn9rvmac 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ft-ir-spectra-for-unexposed-and-exposed-granite-to-24jana3w.png Figure 3. FT-IR spectra for unexposed and exposed granite to scCO2/water. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-carbonation-depth-profile-from-optical-microscopy-292vd543.png Figure 4. Carbonation depth profile from optical microscopy in conjunction with FT-IR inspection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-hr-sem-images-of-diorite-rock-surfaces-before-top-2ocqza9o.png Figure 8. HR-SEM images of diorite rock surfaces before (top) and after (bottom) exposure to 250°C scCO2/water. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-carbonation-depth-of-various-rocks-after-exposure-14s6d2vw.png Figure 7. Carbonation depth of various rocks after exposure to scCO2/water at 250°C for 104 hours. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-between-the-d-spacing-peak-area-ratios-of-wt4ka2ui.png Table 1. Comparison between the d-spacing peak area ratios of anorthoclase-type albite (Aa)- and biotito (B)- to- quartz (Q), and biotito (B)-to –anorthoclase-type albite (Aa) before and after exposure to scCO2/water. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-erosion-promoting-and-inhibiting-mechanisms-for-2jygcmey.png Figure 12. Erosion-promoting and –inhibiting mechanisms for granite and diorite rocks, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-summary-of-reaction-products-formed-by-wet-31fn6su5.png Figure 11. Summary of reaction products formed by wet carbonation of granite, albite, diorite, and hornblende rocks, and their susceptibility to solubility in water. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-xrd-patterns-for-granite-mineral-before-top-and-25bb8pwu.png Figure 1. XRD patterns for granite mineral before (top) and after (bottom) exposure to scCO2/water. https://scispace.com/papers/susceptibility-to-unconscious-influences-is-unaffected-by-a-2246ilfsiv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-relationship-between-reported-task-related-3cd0xyjs.png Figure 3. The relationship between reported task-related mental exhaustion and the percentage of stem completions matching reward salient and neutral targets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-percentage-of-stem-completions-that-matched-3mz5kdbn.png Figure 1. Mean percentage of stem completions that matched the target word by priming and inhibitory task condition (+/- 1 SEM) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-percentage-of-stem-completions-that-matched-3sf0kjp3.png Figure 2. Mean percentage of stem completions that matched the target word by inhibitory task, priming, and word type conditions (+/-1 SEM). https://scispace.com/papers/susceptibility-to-infection-by-a-haemogregarine-parasite-and-457kn8nh01 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-influence-of-h-mariae-infection-on-mean-se-home-4f5biqjc.png Fig. 1 The influence of H. mariae infection on mean (±SE) home range area (ha, controlled for body mass and pairing status). The number of lizards are indicated (1999–2000; see also Table 2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-factors-influencing-the-home-range-area-of-lizards-n-21o5hqkj.png Table 2 Factors influencing the home range area of lizards (n=85; 1999–2000) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-home-range-areas-of-19-uninfected-sleepy-lizards-that-1emlyuw9.png Fig. 3 Home range areas of 19 uninfected sleepy lizards that were fed with an infected A. limbatum tick in relation to their chance of becoming infected with H. mariae (Wald=11.203, df=1, P=0.001; fraction infected=1/(1+e−z); z¼ 0:075ð ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffihomerangep Þ 9:519 ; n=19 lizards) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-influence-of-home-range-area-m2-on-h-mariae-2hkicoxq.png Fig. 2 The influence of home range area (m2) on H. mariae infection intensity (number of gamonts per 104 erythrocytes) of infected sleepy lizards in 2000 (r2=0.71, n=10, P=0.002; arcsine ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-of-radio-tracked-male-and-female-lizards-1heiy50c.png Table 1 Percentage of radio-tracked male and female lizards infected with H. mariae and their mean (SE) home range area in 1999 and 2000 https://scispace.com/papers/susceptor-coupling-for-the-uniformity-and-dopant-activation-4074wdaeo7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-temperature-profiles-versus-annealing-2zjpb68n.png Fig. 3. Comparison of temperature profiles versus annealing time. The microwave annealing time was defined as the period when the microwave power was turned on. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sheet-resistance-values-measured-by-4pp-and-a-jpv-5zhdtb9s.png Fig. 2. Sheet resistance values, measured by 4PP and a JPV carrier spreading technique, RsL, for the wafer splits in this study. The position and composition of the susceptors around the Si test wafer (shown as a filled rectangle) are shown above the Rs values. In addition, split 8 is for 1000 ◦C spike RTA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-different-chamber-configurations-for-the-comparisons-1fb5bt4d.png TABLE I DIFFERENT CHAMBER CONFIGURATIONS FOR THE COMPARISONS OF COUPLING EFFECTS. THE DISTANCE BETWEEN ADJACENT SLOTS WAS 1 cm ONLY. P.W. IS PROCESS WAFER, S.W. IS Si SUSCEPTOR, AND Q.W. IS QUARTZ SUSCEPTOR https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sims-profiles-of-p-concentration-at-a-dose-of-1-x-1015-1ite6n6l.png Fig. 1. SIMS profiles of P concentration at a dose of 1 × 1015 ions/cm2. The microwave anneal process resulted in no significantly dopant diffusion. The inserts were the cross-sectional TEM pictures of as-implanted and after 100-s microwave annealing and the schematic describing the microwave annealing setup. https://scispace.com/papers/sustainability-and-intertemporal-equity-a-multicriteria-2e9hcl9yw8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scalarization-technique-evolution-of-consumption-on-2qbcr5z1.png Figure 1: Scalarization technique: evolution of consumption (on the left) and natural resources (on the right) for different values of θ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scalarization-technique-social-welfare-as-a-yslhrtei.png Figure 2: Scalarization technique: social welfare as a function of θ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-goal-programming-social-welfare-as-a-function-of-th-2io6lhiu.png Figure 4: Goal programming: social welfare as a function of θ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-goal-programming-evolution-of-consumption-on-the-3jwz9nod.png Figure 3: Goal programming: evolution of consumption (on the left) and natural resources (on the right) for different values of θ. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-values-employed-in-our-simulations-14tecam9.png Table 1: Parameter values employed in our simulations. https://scispace.com/papers/suspended-microstructures-of-epoxy-based-photoresists-4bxaycypqs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-second-partial-uv-exposure-optimization-with-d313-a-3dcqcrl4.png Figure 4: Second partial UV exposure optimization with D313 (A) 10.50 mJcm-2 (B) 5.25 mJcm-2 and (C) and (D) 3.15 mJcm-2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-second-uv-exposure-d405-optimization-a-105-mjcm-2-b-7nvyuspi.png Figure 5: Second UV exposure D405 optimization (A) 105 mJcm-2 (B) 52.5 mJcm-2 (C) and (D) 31.50 mJcm-2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-defects-in-suspended-su-8-layer-fabricated-with-365-1xc8p64z.png Figure 1: Defects in suspended SU-8 layer fabricated with 365 nm partial UV exposure according to [22] (A) Cracks on the suspended layer (B) Unstable suspended SU-8 microstructures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-of-the-313-nm-uv-lithography-process-a-su-1m1qftia.png Figure 2 : Schematic of the 313 nm UV lithography process: (A) SU-8 is spin coated on a Si/SiO2 substrate and soft-baked; (B) 1st UV exposure at 365 nm; (C) 2nd partial UV exposure at 313 nm and post-exposure bake; (D) Development in PGMEA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-of-405-nm-microfabrication-process-a-su-8-2iwf6vtt.png Figure 3 : Schematic of 405 nm microfabrication process: (A) SU-8 is spin coated on a Si/SiO2 substrate and softbaked; (B) 1st UV exposure at 365 nm; (C) mr- DWL 40 spin coating on SU-8; (D) 2nd UV exposure at 405 nm and postexposure-bake; (E) Development in PGMEA https://scispace.com/papers/sustainability-assessment-of-enterprises-in-printing-40ajatpj0r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-calculation-of-composite-index-351fx8um.png Fig. 1 Calculation of composite index https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ranges-of-environmental-quantitative-indicators-wi-1cg1pxfo.png Table 2. Ranges of environmental quantitative indicators (wi – weighting coefficient) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-of-qualitative-assessment-kinderyte-2010-9ptryz6f.png Table 1. Example of qualitative assessment (Kinderytė 2010) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-toolbox-for-more-sustainable-development-of-dw85fjr3.png Table 3. Toolbox for more sustainable development of enterprise (V – value of normalization) https://scispace.com/papers/sustainability-issues-of-by-product-and-waste-management-2eqjmzgoqs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-this-figure-shows-the-percentages-of-accepted-and-2iaxo74h.png Fig. 1. This figure shows: the percentages of accepted and rejected papers with respect to the total submissions received; the geographical distribution of the papers (10) included in this VSI, based upon affiliations of the corresponding authors; and the geographical distribution of all authors (46) contributing to the papers accepted. https://scispace.com/papers/sustainability-of-combined-vacuum-and-surcharge-preloading-gb322ji932 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lateral-deformation-of-ground-under-a-embankment-load-2dfv2cvp.png FIG. 2. Lateral deformation of ground under (a) embankment load alone and (b) vacuum consolidation pressure alone https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-typical-membrane-vacuum-consolidation-1yjltgd6.png FIG. 1. Schematic of typical membrane vacuum-consolidation system (Masse et al., 2001). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-lateral-displacement-profiles-under-vacuum-preloading-7zsvs96y.png FIG. 3. Lateral displacement profiles under vacuum preloading for different percentage surcharge preloads. l/H = ratio of drain length to overall thickness of soil deposit (adapted from Indraratna and Rujikiatkamjorn, 2008). Note sign convention: inward displacement negative; outward displacement positive. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-carbon-emissions-for-different-ground-improvement-3boybtzm.png Table 1: Carbon emissions for different ground improvement strategies (Indraratna et al., 2010). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-deformation-response-of-vacuum-treated-area-a-ground-3ubqs11h.png FIG. 4. Deformation response of vacuum-treated area: (a) Ground-surface lateral displacement at boundary plotted against ground-surface settlement at centre of treated area; (b) Ratio of lateral displacement (δ) to ground-surface lateral displacement (δs) at boundary against depth (Mesri and Khan, 2012). Note: Ho, initial thickness of soft soil deposit; Su, undrained shear strength; z, depth below ground surface level. https://scispace.com/papers/sustainability-exploration-and-sustainability-exploitation-1r2o5y93tr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conceptual-framework-a1m4m66r.png Fig. 1: Conceptual framework https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-constructs-of-sustainability-2mdeib7t.png Table 1. Overview of the constructs of sustainability exploitation and sustainability exploration and the supporting literature https://scispace.com/papers/sustainability-of-intensive-groundwater-development-4zttvslcrz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-natural-and-altered-annual-streamflows-in-the-jucar-1z8ca59p.png Fig. 3 Natural and altered annual streamflows in the Jucar River between the Alarcón and Molinar reservoirs (entrance and outlet of the Júcar River stretch in La Mancha área), and pumping-induced stream depletion (Perez-Martin et al. 2014) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-profile-along-the-jucar-riverbed-and-groundwater-heads-20okafss.png Fig. 2 Profile along the Jucar riverbed and groundwater heads (Sanz et al. 2011) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-location-of-the-different-considered-areas-in-the-sb411zy4.png Fig. 4 Location of the different considered areas in the Iberian Peninsula and in the Canary Islands. From NE to SW, the symbols mean: LR Llobregat River; LL Lower Llobregat area; CT Camp de Tarragona; ER Ebre/Ebro River; VR Vinalopó River basin; CT Campo de Cartagena; JR Júcar River; LM La Mancha; GR Guadiana River; GVR Guadalquivir River; DA Doñana area; LA Gran Canaria and Tenerife Islands. Notice that the Canary Islands are really placed 1500 km to the SW, in front of the Sahara’s coast https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-castilla-la-mancha-region-showing-the-location-of-the-11sxyf9b.png Fig. 1 Castilla-La Mancha Region showing the location of the Western La Mancha Aquifer (WLMA) and the Eastern La Mancha Aquifer (ELMA). The geographic center of the figure lies at 39°17 N and 2°48 W. ZR Záncara River, EP Peñarrolla dam, EV El Vicario dam https://scispace.com/papers/sustainability-of-minority-culture-when-inter-ethnic-4nz8m01ezi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-model-parameter-values-identical-to-fig-2-but-here-ii7cjdup.png Figure 5. Model parameter values identical to Fig 2, but here there is perfect negative assortment on group (c = 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-caption-next-page-1xr3vagg.png Figure 4. (Caption next page.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-caption-next-page-391ptwdp.png Figure 2. (Caption next page.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-a-group-structured-3sqfbalw.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of a group-structured population where group S (minority) and group B (majority) differ in the frequency of norm 1 (and its alternative, norm 2). A proportion mS of group S consists of individuals who will leave to visit group B during the subsequent interaction phase (lower half of the figure). We call these group S individuals visitors, and the rest residents. Group B consists of its own visitors and residents. During the interaction phase, four associations are formed. RS is the association of all group S residents and group B visitors. VS is the association of all group S visitors and group B residents. R1S and V1S are, respectively, associations of only those members of RS and VS that have norm 1 (see equations 1-4). Note that, from the perspective of group B, the V and R designations for the interaction associations are exchanged. After the interaction phase, all visitors return to their original groups for the copying phase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-model-in-which-each-individual-has-both-a-norm-1-3hsgs9s6.png Figure 8. A model in which each individual has both a norm (1 or 2) and a marker (1 or 2). For all simulations, dS = 0.5, µ = 0.5, gB = 0.5, individuals with norm 1 and marker 1 (x11S) initially occur at high frequency (0.7) in minority group S, while all other norm-marker phenotypes occur at low frequency (x12S = x21S = x22S = 0.1), and individuals with norm 2 and marker 2 (x22S initially occur at high frequency (0.7) in majority group B, while all other phenotypes (x11B = x12B = x21B = 0.1) occur at low frequency. A) Assortment is high (a = 0.9), bi-directional inter-ethnic visiting is low (mS = mB = 0.1), and S individuals benefit most from inter-ethnic coordination (gS = 0.9 > gB = 0.5). Norm 1 is lost from both groups. This is similar to Fig. 3A. B) The same as A, but now S individuals benefit least from inter-ethnic interaction (gS = 0.1 < gB = 0.5), resulting in fixation of norm 1 in both groups. This is similar to Fig. 3B. C) There is one-directional visiting from group S to group B (mS = 0.1,mB = 0). Norm 1 can persist in group S despite moderate assortment (a = 0.7), even when S individuals benefit most from inter-ethnic coordination (gS = 0.9 > gB = 0.5). This is similar to Fig. 3C. D) The same as C, but now S visitors are increased (mS = 0.4). Norm 1 is lost from both groups. This is similar to Fig. 3D. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-norm-copying-table-for-individuals-with-norm-1-or-369jdo5i.png Table 2. Norm-copying table for individuals with norm 1 or norm 2 in group S https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-payoffs-in-intra-and-inter-group-coordination-3bah459m.png Table 1. Payoffs in intra- and inter-group coordination interactions for a member of group S https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-comparison-of-models-with-unbiased-and-biased-30qpsxse.png Figure 7. A comparison of models with unbiased and biased onedirectional visiting by S individuals to group B (mS > 0 and mB = 0). For all simulations, dS = 0.5, µ = 0.5, gB = 0.5, and norm 1 initially occurs at high frequency (0.9) in group S and low frequency (0.1) in group B. A) Assortment is high (a = 0.9), there are few S visitors (mS = 0.1), all of which are chosen at random from group S (b = 1, no bias), and S individuals benefit most from inter-ethnic interaction (gS = 0.9 > gB = 0.5). S-typical norm 1 goes to fixation in both groups. See Fig. 2C. B) The same as A, but now S visitors are selected such that individuals with B-typical norm 2 are favored to visit group B (b = 0.1, strong bias). Note that such bias has little effect on the longrun dynamics. C) Same as A, but now assortment is lower (a = 0.7), and there are more S visitors (mS = 0.4). Norm 1 is quickly lost from the population. See Fig. 2D. D) Same as C, but now S visitors are selected such that individuals with norm 2 are favored (b = 0.1, strong bias). Note that visitor selection bias has little effect on longrun dynamics under these parameter conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/sustainable-and-efficient-leaching-of-tungsten-in-ammoniacal-3gi3uasssj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-xrd-pattern-of-the-solid-residue-obtained-by-nh4-2so4-cgybfaht.png Fig. 15. XRD pattern of the solid residue obtained by (NH4)2SO4 solution reacting with leaching residue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-transformation-of-caso4-in-ammoniacal-nh4-2co3-2jqs4uqs.png Fig. 8. Transformation of CaSO4 in ammoniacal (NH4)2CO3 solution with different stirring speed (2 mol/L NH3·H2O, 2 mol/L (NH4)2CO3, 30 oC, L/S 3). A-calcium sulfate; B-hydrated hydroxyl calcium carbonate; C-vaterite; E-scheelite. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-transformation-of-the-leaching-residue-obtained-with-oelrupu8.png Fig. 9. Transformation of the leaching residue obtained with different NH3·H2O concentration (350 rpm, 2 mol/L (NH4)2CO3, 30 oC, 90 min, L/S 3). B-hydrated hydroxyl calcium carbonate; C-vaterite; D-calcite; E-scheelite. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-results-of-the-verification-experiments-with-9wlw3b01.png Table 1 The results of the verification experiments with different (NH4)2CO3 concentrations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-xrd-patterns-of-a-synthetic-calcium-sulfate-and-b-3jynt5ba.png Fig. 2. XRD patterns of (a) synthetic calcium sulfate and (b) synthetic calcium carbonate. 2.2 Experimental procedures 2.2.1 Leaching https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-temperature-on-wo3-leaching-yield-from-the-1ya59y4y.png Fig. 6. Effect of temperature on WO3 leaching yield from the converted product in ammoniacal (NH4)2CO3 solution (350 rpm, 2 mol/L (NH4)2CO3, 90 min, L/S 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-dependence-of-the-wo3-leaching-yield-on-reaction-time-2km3ap15.png Fig. 7. Dependence of the WO3 leaching yield on reaction time in ammoniacal (NH4)2CO3 solution (350 rpm, 2 mol/L (NH4)2CO3, 30 oC, L/S 3). 3.1.2 Phase transformation of residue https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-influence-of-stirring-speed-on-wo3-leaching-yield-of-2j5s3bcc.png Fig. 3. Influence of stirring speed on WO3 leaching yield of the converted product in ammoniacal (NH4)2CO3 solution (2 mol/L NH3·H2O, 2 mol/L (NH4)2CO3, 30 oC, L/S 3). https://scispace.com/papers/sustainable-development-discourse-in-smart-specialization-4vbsemvmsc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-most-represented-sdgs-in-the-1st-level-coding-23tayp8d.png Figure 6 – Most represented SDGs in the 1st level coding clustered with the three-pillar paradigm (environmental, social and economic) frameworks from UNDP (2015) and OECD (2017), Rockström and Sukhdev (2016) and Cabaço et al.(2017). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scheme-of-centro-ris3-priorities-regarding-the-16d7if0z.png Figure 1 – Scheme of Centro RIS3 priorities Regarding the implementation of the Centro RIS3, data from the Regional Agency shows that from the 3025 funded projects subject to an analysis of its alignment with the Centro RIS3, the majority is aligned with Priority 1 (CCDRC, 2018a). Figure 2 shows the alignment of funded projects by Centro RIS3 priorities and sub-priorities in 2018. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-representation-of-the-content-analysis-x7g93doi.png Figure 3 - Schematic representation of the content analysis process employed for data collection and analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-alignment-of-funded-projects-by-centro-ris3-1c7jkpuv.png Figure 2 – Alignment of funded projects by Centro RIS3 priorities and sub-priorities (in percentage) 2.3. Data collection and analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-most-represented-sdgs-in-the-2nd-level-coding-1kw5udct.png Figure 8 – Most represented SDGs in the 2nd level coding clustered with the three-pillar paradigm (environmental, social and economic) frameworks from UNDP (2015) and OECD (2017), Rockström and Sukhdev (2016), and Cabaço et al. (2017). 4. Discussion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-number-of-total-action-lines-by-priority-coded-at-2zs8qrej.png Figure 4 – Number of total action lines by priority coded at least once with the Sustainable Development Goals framework https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-for-the-centro-ris3-action-lines-coded-with-1tkl8vxd.png Figure 5 – Results for the Centro RIS3 action lines coded with the 17 Sustainable Development Goals overall aims (first level coding). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-coding-results-for-the-centro-ris3-using-1ynf93i1.png Figure 7 – Coding results for the Centro RIS3 using Sustainable Development Goals specific targets as framework (second level coding). https://scispace.com/papers/sustainable-development-and-ict-use-among-elderly-a-1r4cbgnf0k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-digital-economy-and-society-index-desi-2018-ranking-3ddh96rz.png Fig. 8. Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) 2018 ranking https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-internet-use-in-italy-source-istat-1mt4htwo.png Fig. 9. Internet use in Italy (Source: Istat) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-usefulness-of-social-media-for-the-elderly-h4uli4y9.png Fig. 14. Usefulness of social media for the elderly https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-elderly-and-social-media-use-vxsxkg2v.png Fig. 13. Elderly and social media use https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-internet-use-in-the-netherlands-per-age-group-source-iixrc8r6.png Fig. 1. Internet use in the Netherlands per age group (Source: CBS) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-households-with-internet-in-eu-countries-2016-source-3iv2eq6l.png Fig. 2. Households with internet in EU countries 2016 (Source: Eurostat) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-social-media-use-in-italy-source-censis-1efp78uj.png Fig. 10. Social media use in Italy (Source: Censis) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-internet-activities-in-the-netherlands-in-2016-source-34g2bi43.png Fig. 4. Internet activities in the Netherlands in 2016 (Source: CBS) (Color figure online) https://scispace.com/papers/sustainable-development-goals-as-a-framework-of-education-zw5lerj94m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-criteria-used-in-the-moment-of-purchase-degree-of-2lv6ttch.png Fig. 20 Criteria used in the moment of purchase/degree of importance https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-stakeholders-perception-of-urban-planning-practices-2nxp7zrw.png Table 9 Stakeholders perception of urban planning practices https://scispace.com/figures/fig-28-the-target-is-beneficial-for-future-generations-2zxq5pxr.png Fig. 28 The target is “beneficial for future generations” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-27-agreement-with-strategy-educational-level-2xzuuxrg.png Fig. 27 Agreement with strategy/educational level https://scispace.com/figures/fig-36-reasons-for-illegal-connections-2q4fu534.png Fig. 36 Reasons for illegal connections https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-employment-status-brand-4cjvhfev.png Fig. 21 Employment status/brand https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-entities-and-good-governance-in-the-study-areas-1rxfuy8w.png Table 8 Entities and good governance in the study areas https://scispace.com/figures/fig-35-infrastructure-acceptance-10v5zq4m.png Fig. 35 Infrastructure acceptance https://scispace.com/papers/sustainable-financial-solutions-for-the-adoption-of-solar-4japf4gt7k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristics-of-farmers-who-applied-for-spips-24ta3707.png Table 3: Characteristics of farmers who applied for SPIPs versus those who did not apply https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-vdcs-in-saptari-that-received-three-different-2xaxdi0c.png Figure 3: VDCs in Saptari that received three different financial models as a part of the RCT experiment https://scispace.com/papers/sustainable-entrepreneurship-in-the-apparel-industry-the-j8z7dx0h4b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-weaving-loom-producing-denim-in-the-textile-museum-3kdy19kt.png Figure 3 Weaving loom producing denim in the textile museum of Augsburg Source: Picture taken on 21 July 2011 by the authors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-production-hall-at-manomama-source-picture-taken-on-1i61pct6.png Figure 2 Production hall at manomama Source: Picture taken on 21 July 2011 by the authors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-four-challenges-3rokhf38.png Figure 1 Four challenges https://scispace.com/papers/sustainable-ict-education-ecosystem-4mnbyw6mtd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ict-disciplines-in-the-1990s-and-2000s-1-2xod1y7g.png Figure 1 ICT disciplines in the 1990s and 2000s [1] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hype-predictions-through-probability-analysis-of-25l9lk3f.png Figure 3 Hype predictions through Probability Analysis of ICT Education [1] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gartner-hype-cycle-for-emerging-technologies-2003-33cku4xv.png Figure 2 Gartner Hype-Cycle for Emerging Technologies 2003 [13] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-growth-has-tripled-in-the-whole-brake-and-motor-3i3a7way.png Figure 4. The growth has tripled in the whole Brake and Motor Industry sector [1] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-framework-of-a-sustainable-ict-education-sn0v19ha.png Figure 5. A Framework of a Sustainable ICT Education Ecosystem https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-continuing-generation-of-ecosystems-ict1-0-ict-3ulltltl.png Figure 6. The continuing generation of ecosystems: ICT1.0, ICT 2.0, ICT3.0… https://scispace.com/papers/sustained-benefit-of-alternate-behavioral-interventions-to-401arlg2ce 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-odds-ratios-ors-for-blood-pressure-control-among-21vpf6xj.png Figure 2. Odds ratios (ORs) for blood pressure control among key participant subgroups and all participants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-longitudinal-analysis-of-intervention-effectiveness-wyzupucz.png Table 4. Longitudinal Analysis of Intervention Effectiveness and Sustainability: Effect on Systolic BP https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-longitudinal-analysis-of-intervention-effectiveness-3vx5lmeu.png Table 3. Longitudinal Analysis of Intervention Effectiveness and Sustainability: Effect on BP Control https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-consort-diagram-with-flow-of-participants-from-3a7qq5nl.png Figure 1. CONSORT diagram with flow of participants from enrollment through 12 mo. https://scispace.com/papers/sustained-maximal-voluntary-contractions-elicit-different-29x63w9e6b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-force-and-electromyographic-parameters-at-5-s-of-the-1srrcx7t.png Table 1. Force and electromyographic parameters at 5 s of the 2-min MVCs across the four experimental sessions. https://scispace.com/papers/sustainable-transport-in-freiburg-lessons-from-germany-s-46341f0bkl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-inverse-relationship-between-share-of-urban-trips-2eyuyyou.png Figure 1. Inverse relationship between share of urban trips by public transport, bicycle, and foot and per capita annual CO2 emissions from road and rail transport in Australia, Canada, the USA and Western European countries, 2000–2008. (Bassett, Pucher, Buehler, Thompson, and Couter 2008; BMVBS 1991–2008; IEA 2009) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trend-in-cars-and-light-trucks-per-1000-population-53tok36o.png Figure 2. Trend in cars and light trucks per 1,000 population in Freiburg, Germany, and the USA, 1950–2006. (BMVBS 1991–2008; City of Freiburg 2009b, FHWA 1990–2008) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-car-free-living-in-freiburgs-vauban-neighborhood-3lkwa8n8.png Figure 6. Car-free living in Freiburg’s Vauban neighborhood and a high quality of life attracted many young families. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-share-of-trips-by-public-transport-cycling-and-1hb055n0.png Figure 4. Share of trips by public transport, cycling, and walking in Freiburg and cities of comparable population size ( 200,000) in Europe and North America, 2006=2007. (City of Freiburg 2007c; Gutzmer 2006, Socialdata 2009; Statcan 2009; U.S. Census Bureau 2009) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-trend-in-percent-of-trips-by-car-public-transport-2zox6zx6.png Figure 3. Trend in percent of trips by car, public transport, bicycle, and foot in Freiburg, 1982–2007. (City of Freiburg 2007c; University of Dortmund 2001) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-policy-changes-in-the-1970s-have-restricted-car-use-3klqib1a.png Figure 5. Policy changes in the 1970s have restricted car use in Freiburg and increased accessibility by non-motorized modes and the quality of life. https://scispace.com/papers/sustainable-supply-chain-management-in-emerging-economies-3tjioyn4v9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-samples-demographics-summary-231zxv6y.png Table 2. Samples demographics summary. https://scispace.com/papers/sustained-increase-of-alpha7-nicotinic-receptors-and-choline-oj8t209o4j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-density-of-nicotinic-receptors-in-wt-and-stop-ko-2rzsggqj.png Table 2 Density of nicotinic receptors in WT and STOP KO mice https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-density-of-cholinergic-markers-in-wt-and-stop-ko-18lk5qld.png Table 1 Density of cholinergic markers in WT and STOP KO mice https://scispace.com/papers/sustaining-international-partnerships-the-european-master-of-3rdbzsjwl3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-examples-of-the-international-topics-studied-for-the-2m63cyq9.png Table I. Examples of the international topics studied for the OT EuroMaster theses https://scispace.com/papers/sv40-polyomavirus-activates-the-ras-mapk-signaling-pathway-260rm49n6j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sv40-infection-activates-intracellular-signaling-1o8xq4ej.png Figure 5. SV40 infection activates intracellular signaling pathways at late times after infection. (a) Western blot analysis of phosphorylated and total p38, JNK, and ERK in mock-infected or SV40-infected CV-1 cells 48 h.p.i.: VP1 and beta-actin expression are shown as controls; (b) Western blot analysis of CV-1 cells over the time course of SV40 infection: Samples harvested at the indicated h.p.i. were analyzed for phosphorylated p38, JNK, ERK, MKK4, ATF2, and c-Jun as well as for beta-actin and VP1 expression. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-map-kinase-components-are-required-for-efficient-1ch567cg.png Figure 6. MAP kinase components are required for efficient vacuolization, cell lysis, and virus release. (a) Inhibitors SP600125, Selumetinib, and SB203580 inhibit SV40-induced phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38, respectively. CV-1 cells were infected at an MOI of 10. Inhibitor treatment was started at 12 h.p.i., and immunoblotting was performed on extracts prepared 48 h.p.i; (b) Bright-field images of CV-1 cells 48 h.p.i. after infection with SV40: CV-1 cells were infected at an MOI of 10 and treated with inhibitors against JNK, ERK, and p38 or DMSO vehicle at 12 h.p.i.. Scale bar, 20 µm; (c) The number of vacuolated cells two days after infection was quantified and normalized to DMSO-treated control cells. *** p < 0.001 and ** p < 0.01; (d) Analysis of cell lysis two days postinfection with SV40 in CV-1 cells treated with inhibitors: LDH activity in the supernatant was measured. *** p < 0.001; (e) The ratio of released SV40 in supernatant versus cell-associated SV40 is shown. Data were normalized to DMSO-treated control infected cells. Quantitation of cell-associated SV40 and SV40 in the supernatant 48 h.p.i. of CV-1 cells treated with JNK, ERK, and p38 inhibitors is shown in Supplemental Figure S2. The mean values ± SEM from three independent experiments are shown. *** p < 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-characterization-of-sv40-induced-vacuoles-a-u3end3rv.png Figure 1. Characterization of SV40-induced vacuoles: (a) corresponding representative fluorescence and bright-field images of SV40-infected CV-1 cells 48 h.p.i. after incubation with medium containing fluorescent Dextran-AF488 (green), at scale bar 20 µm; (b) immunostaining and brightfield images of mock-infected and SV40-infected CV-1 cells 48 h.p.i. with antibodies recognizing markers of early endosome (EEA1), late (Rab7) endosome, and the endoplasmic reticulum (BiP), as indicated, at scale bar 10 µm; and (c) fluorescence microscopy images of mock-infected and SV40-infected CV-1 cells pulse-labeled 48 h.p.i. with fluorescent GM1 (BODIPY-GM1, green). CV-1 cells expressing Lamp1-RFP (red) were visualized by confocal microscopy. Arrows in regions of interest (ROIs) 1 and 2 highlight vacuoles in infected cells showing BODIPY-GM1 in the limiting membranes and interior of Lamp1-positive vacuoles, respectively. Single planes of z-stacks are shown at scale bar, 20 µm. (d) Fluorescence confocal microscopy and brightfield images of endogenous GM1 stained with fluorescent cholera toxin B (CtxB-AF488) (green) in mock-infected and SV40-infected CV-1 cells 48 h.p.i.: single planes of z-stacks are shown. Arrows in ROIs depict CtxB-staining of vacuole membranes and intravacuolar GM1 in infected cells at scale bar 10 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-rac1-activity-is-required-for-efficient-sv40-3jqtnqen.png Figure 8. Rac1 activity is required for efficient SV40-induced vacuole formation, cell lysis, and virus release. CV-1 cells were infected with SV40 at at MOI of 10. At 12 h.p.i., the Rac1 inhibitor EHT1864 was added and cells were analyzed at 48 h.p.i. (a) Western blot analysis of MKK4 phosphorylation in SV40-infected CV-1 cells in the presence and absence of Rac1 inhibitor: a representative western blot of 4 independent experiments is shown; (b) Infected CV-1 cells were treated with EHT1864 or DMSO control and photographed by bright-field microscopy. Scale bar, 25 µm; (c) Quantitation of vacuolated CV-1 cells after SV40 infection as described in Figure 6D. *** p < 0.001; (d) Infected CV-1 cells were treated with EHT1864. At 48 h.p.i., LDH released in the supernatant was determined. *** p < 0.001; (e) The ratio of released SV40 in supernatant versus cell-associated SV40 is shown. To quantify virus release, infectious units of SV40 in cell lysates and supernatants were analyzed by infection and flow cytometry, as described in Figure 2D–F. Quantitation of cell-associated SV40 and SV40 in the supernatant in Rac1 inhibitor-treated CV-1 cells at 48 h.p.i. is shown in Supplemental Figure S4A,B. *** p < 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ras-signaling-is-required-for-vacuole-formation-3kr95v2s.png Figure 3. Ras signaling is required for vacuole formation. Fluorescence confocal microscopy images of SV40-infected CV-1 cells expressing wildtype (WT) or dominant-negative (DN) mEGFP-HRas (green): at forty-eight h.p.i., the localization of SV40 VP1 (red) was determined by immunostaining. The ROI depicts WT mEGFP-HRas accumulation at VP1-positive vacuoles. Single planes of z-stacks are shown. Scale bar, 10 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dynamic-vacuole-formation-a-image-sequence-top-to-snhrdw1t.png Figure 2. Dynamic vacuole formation: (a) image sequence (top to bottom) from a time-lapse movie (Movie S1) showing fusion of YFP-Rab5-positive vacuoles in an SV40-infected CV-1 cell. Lamp1-RFP is shown in red. The boxes outline two YFP-Rab5 vacuoles that fuse. Numbers in this and panel B show time in minutes. Scale bar, 5 µm; (b) Overview image and time series of four regions of interest (ROI 1 to 4) from time-lapse movie S2 showing YFP-Rab5 (green) dynamics on SV40-induced vacuoles (Movie S2): ROIs 1 and 2 show vacuoles that lose YFP-Rab5 fluorescence, and ROIs 3 and 4 show vacuoles with stable YFP-Rab5 fluorescence. Lamp1-RFP is shown in red. Scale bar, 10 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mkk4-is-required-for-efficient-sv40-induced-16gj03se.png Figure 7. MKK4 is required for efficient SV40-induced vacuolization, cell lysis, and virus release. (a) qPCR analysis of MKK4 mRNA expression levels in CV-1 cells stably expressing three different shRNAs targeting MKK4 (A12, B1, and B3): levels of mRNA were normalized to mRNA in control cells expressing scrambled shRNA; (b) Images of SV40-infected control and MKK4 knockdown cells: CV-1 cells stably expressing scrambled control shRNA or MKK4 A12, B1, or B3 shRNA were infected with SV40, and vacuole formation was monitored by bright-field microscopy at 48 h.p.i. Scale bar, 20 µm; (c) The number of vacuolated cells as in panel B was quantified and normalized to scrambled shRNA control cells. A minimum of 200 cells per sample were analyzed. The mean values ± SEM from three independent experiments are shown. *** p < 0.001; (d) CV-1 cells expressing three different MKK4 shRNAs were infected with SV40, and the supernatants were analyzed for LDH release at 48 h.p.i. * p < 0.05; (e) The ratio of released SV40 in supernatant versus cell-associated SV40 is shown. (Quantitation of cell-associated SV40 and SV40 in supernatant of MKK4 knockdown cells 48 h.p.i. is shown in Supplemental Figure S3A,B) Data were normalized to scrambled shRNA control infected cells. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, and * p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sv40-induced-vacuole-formation-precedes-cell-lysis-2z5rb8nn.png Figure 4. SV40-induced vacuole formation precedes cell lysis and virus release: (a) Time series of vacuole formation after infection of CV-1 cells with wildtype SV40 at an MOI of 10 and mock-treated CV-1 cells. Vacuolization was monitored by bright-field microscopy at the indicated h.p.i. Scale bar, 20 µm; (b) Western blot analysis of VP1 and actin expression in mock- and SV40-infected CV-1 cells at the indicated times p.i. Mock-infected cells at each time point were used as control; (c) Quantitation of vacuolization, cell-associated SV40, cell lysis, and SV40 release over the time course of an SV40 infection: CV-1 cells were infected and the number of vacuolated cells at different time points after infection was quantified from bright-field images as depicted in (a). A minimum of 200 cells per sample and three independent experiments were analyzed. Relative infectious units of cell-associated SV40 and released SV40 were quantified from cell lysates and supernatant, respectively, by titration onto CV-1 cells and flow cytometry analysis of large T antigen. CV-1 cell lysis was determined by quantitation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the supernatant using a colorimetric enzymatic assay, in which differences in the optical density between SV40-infected cells and mock-infected controls were determined. All values are displayed relative to 72 h.p.i. Mean ± SEM from three independent experiments are shown. https://scispace.com/papers/suv420-enrichment-at-the-centromere-limits-aurora-b-1hvd5q1xga 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-expression-of-suv39-and-suv420-sensitizes-cells-to-16jhb2c6.png Figure 7. Expression of Suv39 and Suv420 sensitizes cells to Aurora kinase inhibition. A) Quantification of anaphase defects showing that cells induced to express cen-Suv39 or cen-Suv420 exhibit an increase in anaphase lagging chromosomes following low nanomolar concentrations of Aurora kinase inhibition while their uninduced https://scispace.com/papers/sveconorwegian-vs-caledonian-orogenesis-in-the-eastern-1v1kr3g3m1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-tectonic-map-of-southern-norway-showing-newly-331cocgg.png Fig. 10: Tectonic map of southern Norway showing newly interpreted foliation traces in the Caledonian and Sveconorwegian provinces. Sveconorwegian units based on Bingen and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-diagram-of-the-modern-infrastructure-8gp5geyt.png Fig. 3: Schematic diagram of the modern infrastructure-superstructure concept applied to large hot orogens from Jamieson and Beaumont (2013). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-illustration-showing-key-elements-of-an-mcc-1xxcv7ob.png Fig. 5: Schematic illustration showing key elements of an MCC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definitions-of-mccs-sorted-by-year-of-publication-3pi39ukp.png Table 1: Definitions of MCCs sorted by year of publication. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-the-infrastructure-superstructure-3boq5ye7.png Fig. 2: Illustration of the infrastructure-superstructure concept (“stockwerk-folding”) based on field observations from the Greenland Caledonides from Haller (1956). (1) Migmatite https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-classification-of-mccs-based-on-a-core-rocks-b-390h8p7a.png Fig. 6: Classification of MCCs based on: A: core rocks; B: symmetry; C: 3D geometry (based on Jolivet et al., 2004); D: dome-forming mechanism (based on Kruckenberg et al., 2011). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-foliation-traces-overlaying-gravity-anomaly-map-3293daym.png Fig. 13: Foliation-traces overlaying gravity anomaly map (Olesen et al., 2010a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-foliation-traces-overlaying-magnetic-anomaly-map-365v6qem.png Fig. 12: Foliation-traces overlaying magnetic anomaly map (Olesen et al., 2010b). https://scispace.com/papers/swallowing-speed-is-no-adequate-predictor-of-aspiration-in-1nw8xh1cju 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-false-positive-rates-in-controls-for-different-cut-1ywvhnq8.png Table 5. False‐positive rates in controls for different cut‐offs for swallowing speed. 180 181 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relation-between-age-and-swallowing-speed-in-2ajjswov.png Figure 4. Relation between age and swallowing speed in controls. (a) No significant correlation was 198 found in men. (b) There was a strong correlation in women (coefficient ‐0.72 [95% CI: ‐0.42, ‐0.91], p < 199 0.001, R2 of the regression line 0.65). 200 201 There was a weak to moderate (male respectively female) correlation of swallowing speed with 202 disease duration (Figure 5). 203 204 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relation-between-disease-duration-and-swallowing-2iywph1y.png Figure 5. Relation between disease duration and swallowing speed in PD patients. (a) There was a 207 weak correlation in men (coefficient ‐0.20 [95% CI: ‐0.04, ‐0.34], p = 0.014, R2 of the regression line 208 0.10). (b) There was a moderate correlation in women (coefficient ‐0.40 [95% CI: ‐0.17, ‐0.62], p < 209 0.001, R2 of the regression line 0.34). 210 211 We found a significant correlation of swallowing speed with disease severity determined as 212 MDS‐UPDRS III only for male patients but not in female patients (Figure 6). 213 214 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fees-results-144-145-36d8iggu.png Table 2. FEES results. 144 145 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-swallowing-speed-152-153-1gp2akgn.png Table 3. Swallowing speed. 152 153 https://scispace.com/papers/swarm-dispersion-via-potential-fields-leader-election-and-2xv5viwcc6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-coverage-with-fewer-laser-range-finder-readings-in-the-1u2ejwgq.png Fig. 9. Coverage with fewer laser range-finder readings in the cave environment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-robots-r-and-s-in-communication-range-sjztub4s.png Fig. 4. Robots R and S in communication range https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-coverage-over-time-in-different-environments-as-3gnu687g.png Fig. 8. Coverage over time in different environments as percentage of the coverage achieved in 30 minutes (average of 20 runs). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cave-incremental-greedy-algorithm-for-different-sample-1ix91o3t.png Fig. 5. Cave– Incremental greedy algorithm for different sample distances. (left) 32 cm, (right) 8 cm. The numbers show the order in which the network was deployed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tangent-force-ft-purple-arrow-determined-by-two-point-3544rkaw.png Fig. 1. Tangent force, fT , purple arrow, determined by two point masses A and B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-hospital-section-incremental-greedy-algorithm-08-a6p50pu9.png Fig. 6. Hospital Section– Incremental greedy algorithm, .08 sample distance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-coverage-of-incremental-greedy-algorithm-for-6tv0mhuu.png Fig. 7. Coverage of incremental greedy algorithm for increasing numbers of robots in different environments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-robot-5-stays-put-since-it-has-only-robot-4-as-a-jaivjxxm.png Fig. 3. Robot 5 stays put since it has only Robot 4 as a neighbor with a lower hop count. Robot 4 has two neighbors (2 and 3) with a smaller hop count so it may move and disconnect Robot 5. https://scispace.com/papers/swarm-intelligence-for-autonomous-cooperative-agents-in-43qyi3pfrn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-mapping-bee-defensive-behaviour-to-unit-behaviour-7w0pzxnf.png TABLE I. MAPPING BEE DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOUR TO UNIT BEHAVIOUR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-model-of-honey-bee-defensive-behaviour-9-3spz4gyg.png Fig. 1. Model of honey bee defensive behaviour [9]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-flock-to-position-state-1f5umy8y.png Fig. 6. Flock to Position state https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-simulation-of-the-game-a-flock-to-position-at-base-b-p23sd7i7.png Fig. 7. Simulation of the game. (a) Flock to Position at base. (b) Adjusting Position to Charge. (c) Charge. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-foraging-state-3b807e6s.png Fig. 4. Foraging state https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-conflict-state-2os4fk3b.png Fig. 5. Conflict State https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-high-level-agent-state-machine-1y5wdyfg.png Fig. 3. High level agent state machine. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-agent-architecture-2js5f9h7.png Fig. 2. Agent architecture https://scispace.com/papers/swarmsimx-real-time-simulation-environment-for-multi-robot-ro8li5chra 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-interaction-involved-when-creating-a-concretedriver-2ll87gd6.png Fig. 2: Interaction involved when creating a ConcreteDriver that implements the Driver interface and the create, destroy functions both defined in an extern "C" {}-block. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-three-screenshots-taken-from-different-simulations-t9dpd0lx.png Fig. 3: Three screenshots taken from different simulations. Left: simulated quadrotor during the physical fidelity test. Center: stroboscopic sequence of a cooperative-aerial grasping performed by a quadrotor and a ground robot. Right: 70 quadrotors performing autonomous formation control on a spherical surface during the real-time capabilities vs. number of robots test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-box-plots-of-the-time-needed-for-calculating-a-single-3ceik5bj.png Fig. 5: Box-plots of the time needed for calculating a single timestep of SSX as a function of the number of quadrotors being simulated. Red crosses, red horizontal lines, blue boxes, and black whiskers represent outliers, median values, percentile margins, and max-min values (without outliers), respectively. The simulation timestep (τ = 0.02 s) is denoted with a green dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-the-software-architecture-of-swarmsimx-oyrjf1xr.png Fig. 1: Overview of the software architecture of SwarmSimX. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-between-the-cumulative-distributions-of-the-niw9gehk.png Fig. 4: Comparison between the cumulative distributions of the tracking errors. (a): Real quadrotor hori. traj. (mean: 0.0919 m, std: 0.0412 m); (b): Real quadrotor vert. traj.(mean: 0.0654 m, std: 0.0179 m); (c): Simulated quadrotor hori. traj. (mean: 0.1245 m, std: 0.0444 m); (d): Simulated quadrotor vert. traj. (mean: 0.0546 m, std: 0.0131 m) https://scispace.com/papers/sweat-gland-biopsy-a-possible-early-diagnostic-tool-in-the-26t16lkd9l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-characteristic-glycolipid-deposits-in-the-secretory-20agbbwj.png Figure 1. Characteristic glycolipid deposits in the secretory portion of the gland (H&E x 160). Male, 40 years. https://scispace.com/papers/swatch-common-software-for-controlling-and-monitoring-the-117n8uv73u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diagram-showing-the-common-model-for-data-processor-3790o6sp.png Fig. 2. Diagram showing the common model for data processor boards. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-diagram-illustrating-the-hierarchy-of-applications-2bjdu79a.png Fig. 4. A diagram illustrating the hierarchy of applications and services that are used to configure the upgraded Level-1 trigger system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-some-of-the-generic-guis-for-controlling-and-3gvxlz27.png Fig. 5. Some of the generic GUIs for controlling and monitoring the subsystems of the upgraded Level-1 trigger. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagram-illustrating-the-overall-architecture-of-the-s8gc1e90.png Fig. 1. Diagram illustrating the overall architecture of the Level-1 trigger system. The black arrows represent the flow of trigger primitive data and local trigger objects through the system. The back-end electronics for the detectors (electromagnetic calorimeter, hadronic calorimeter and muon detectors) are shown at the top of the diagram; the boxes below represent the trigger electronics that analyses the calorimeter and muon detector trigger primitive data, on the left and the right respectively. Each box corresponds to one or more crates of electronics boards. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-diagram-showing-the-common-model-for-the-structure-of-10flgc81.png Fig. 3. Diagram showing the common model for the structure of systems of processor boards within the Level-1 trigger. Each black box represents a single electroncis board, each grey box represents a MicroTCA crate, and each dashed box represents a subsystem of the Level-1 trigger. The black arrows represent optical links carrying trigger primitives or trigger objects. The blue arrows represent the paths of the clock signals and fixed-latency commands sent by TCDS. The red arrows represent the flow of readout data to the DAQ system. https://scispace.com/papers/swimming-against-the-tide-conditional-discharge-from-medium-2u0cvhuhd1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-demographics-2o9y0uck.png Table 1. Participant demographics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-thematic-map-note-this-map-shows-the-overlap-3p1mf5ly.png Figure 1:Thematic Map Note. This map shows the overlap between pre-discharge and post-discharge experiences. Those themes positioned across both were identified to some degree in both predischarge and post-discharge experience; for example, ‘Engagement with community life’, which begins pre-discharge and continues post-discharge. https://scispace.com/papers/swift-heavy-ion-induced-damage-formation-in-iii-v-binary-and-35phwtwvef 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-electronic-and-nuclear-energy-loss-se-and-sn-2ixt1e89.png FIG. 1. Electronic and nuclear energy loss, Se and Sn, respectively, as a function of depth z for InP, InAs, GaP, and GaAs. Values were calculated with SRIM2003.1 Note the break in the depth scale at 0.5 m. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-threshold-values-of-electronic-energy-loss-se-th-og9n8ppo.png TABLE II. Threshold values of electronic energy loss Se th above which track formation is observed under single ion or cluster irradiation. For InAs the threshold value has been estimated as 16 keV nm−1 by assuming a linear relation between damage formation cross-section and Se using the data reported by Szenes et al. A=15 10−14 cm2 at Se=34.5 keV nm−1 for 830 MeV Pb 15 and determined in the present study A=5 10−14 cm2 at Se =22.3 keV nm−1 for 185 MeV Au . The velocity effect see text is expected to be negligible in this case given the similar mass of Au and Pb. No literature data is available for the ternary compounds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-defect-concentration-ndef-at-0-15-m-as-a-function-of-29wk7cov.png FIG. 9. Defect concentration ndef at 0.15 m as a function of fluence for a P and b As compounds. The solid and dashed lines represent fits for the In binaries and the ternaries, respectively, using the modified model Eq. 4 . Note that for InP the best fit is obtained with B=0, for which the modified model is identical to the Gibbons model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plan-view-tem-images-of-moo3-crystals-irradiated-with-t4wlrepw.png FIG. 2. Plan-view TEM images of MoO3 crystals irradiated with 185 MeV Au ions to a fluence of a 4 1010 cm−2 and b 1.3 1011 cm−2. The holes created by ion impacts are visible as bright spots. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-masses-of-the-group-iii-and-group-v-constituents-x7pn4se1.png TABLE III. Masses of the group III and group V constituents, mIII and mV, respectively, band-gap energy Egap with d and i denoting a direct or indirect gap, respectively, and long-wavelength longitudinal optical phonon frequency LO. Also given are density , heat capacity of the atomic system Ca and melting point Tm. The energy required to heat a unit volume to the melting point is given by Q= Ca Tm−Tirr , where Tirr denotes the irradiation temperature. and Ca are parameters at 300 K. Values are taken from Refs. 44–47 except for that were calculated as the weighted average of the corresponding binary values. The masses of the group IV elements Ge and Si are listed under mIII. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-defect-concentration-ndef-determined-with-dicada-as-a-1thwzc45.png FIG. 3. Defect concentration ndef determined with DICADA as a function of depth z for InP, GaP and Ga0.50In0.50P irradiated with 185 MeV Au ions to a fluence of 8 1012 cm−2. Damage evolution as a function of fluence was evaluated at z=0.15 m as indicated https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-logarithm-of-the-saxs-scattering-intensity-ln-i-q-as-a-2590nrkm.png FIG. 6. Logarithm of the SAXS scattering intensity ln I q as a function of the square of the scattering vector q2 for InP irradiated with 185 MeV Au ions to a fluence of 2.4 1011 cm−2. The best linear fit is given by the solid line. The inset shows the same data but as a double-logarithmic plot of I q as a function of q and fitted with a maximum entropy method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-cross-section-tem-image-of-inas-irradiated-with-185-36k1x4e7.png FIG. 7. Cross-section TEM image of InAs irradiated with 185 MeV Au ions to a fluence of 1.2 1011 cm−2. The image was recorded at a depth of 3 m. https://scispace.com/papers/swift-coalescence-of-supermassive-black-holes-in-2yeyn24t02 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-enclosed-mass-profile-of-dark-matter-blue-uub7foop.png Figure 4. Enclosed mass profile of dark matter (blue, continuous), stars (red, dashed) and gas (green, dotted) at t ∼ 21.5 Myr when we select the inner 5 kpc (vertical dotted line) for the direct N-body simulation. The gray area marks ǫ = 5 pc. The magenta dot-dashed line shows the dark matter profile at t ≈ 30 Myr, which is not modified by our truncation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-surface-density-map-of-the-stellar-component-at-the-2642x8sf.png Figure 5. Surface density map of the stellar component at the time of the beginning of the N-body simulation. Red continuous lines represent isocontours of stars younger than ∼ 22.5 Myr (i.e. formed from the beginning of the resampled merger simulation) from 5 × 108 to 5 × 1011 M⊙ kpc−2 with steps of 0.5 dex. The black dots denote the positions of the two black holes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-left-and-right-columns-show-the-stellar-density-and-1ak4v73b.png Figure 6. Left and right columns show the stellar density and radial velocity dispersion profiles, respectively. Upper row: evolution of the profiles of the central galaxy (G1, continuous lines) and the companion (G2, dashed lines) in the high resolution (5 pc) simulation at different times. Thick lines (i.e. t = 0 Myr after particle splitting) shows the profile of the same galaxies in the original Argo simulation. Lower row: comparison of the profiles of the central galaxy (G1, continuous lines) and the companion (G2, dashed lines, decreased by a factor of 10 in ρ⋆ for clarity) after 10 Myr from simulations at different resolutions, namely 5 (red), 15 (green), and 50 (blue) pc. The bullets indicate the softening of each run. In all panels, the grey region marks 5 pc, while the vertical dotted line 120 pc. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-group-environment-of-the-galaxy-merger-the-left-1gcrqcef.png Figure 1. Group environment of the galaxy merger. The left panel shows a mock UVJ map of the galaxy group at z = 3.6. The white circle marks the virial radius of the group halo, while the green circles mark the merging galaxies. The upper-right and lower-right panels show a zoom-in on the central galaxy of the group and the interacting companion, respectively. Lengths are in physical coordinates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-from-left-to-right-time-evolution-of-the-galaxy-25lsbgbb.png Figure 2. From left to right: time evolution of the galaxy merger after the beginning of the re-sampled, higher-resolution simulation. Each panel shows a mock UVJ photometric image of the merger, and the red and blue dots mark the position of the primary and secondary BH, respectively. Lengths are in physical coordinates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-evolution-with-time-of-the-separation-between-the-2qapwfof.png Figure 7. Evolution with time of the separation between the two black holes at different spatial resolution in the re-sampled hydrodynamical simulations of the merger. Blue solid, red dashed, and green dotted lines refer to ǫ = 5, 15 and 50 pc, respectively. The same separations are also marked by the grey shaded bands, while the vertical line indicates the moment at which we initialize the direct N-body simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-panel-time-evolution-of-the-separation-between-2vpcmf1r.png Figure 3. Left panel: time evolution of the separation between the SMBHs. Blue-solid, red-dashed, and green-dotted lines show the evolution during the hydrodynamical, re-sampled simulation of the merger, the direct N-body calculation, and after having introduced post-Newtonian corrections, respectively. Thin and light versions of the same lines refer to the continuation of the respective simulations. The horizontal dotted line marks the gravitational softening of the hydrodynamical simulation. Central panel: radial profiles of the ratio b/a (red) and c/a (blue) between the principal axes of the moment of inertia tensor (c ≤ b ≤ a) at different times: 23.3 Myr (solid), 25.3 Myr (dashed), and 29.3 Myr (dotted). Right panel: probability density function of the radial distance from the center of the merger remnant for the stellar particles that have interacted with the central binary across 26-24.4 Myr (blue, solid), 27.5-26 Myr (red, dashed), 29.1-27.5 Myr (green, dot-dashed), and 30.6-29.1 Myr (magenta, dotted). https://scispace.com/papers/switch-china-a-systems-approach-to-decarbonizing-china-s-4d6vwu2d1e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-scenario-description-3st4dza9.png Table 1. Model Scenario Description https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-generation-transmission-and-storage-capacity-needed-3hbohkpm.png Figure 4.Generation, transmission, and storage capacity needed to achieve an 80% carbon reduction in 2050. All represented lines are new transmission expansion. Inner Mongolia emerges as a major center of clean energy generation thanks to the combination of its location (a few hundred kilometers from major demand centers) and high-quality renewable energy resources. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-year-2050-dispatch-schedule-for-ipcc-target-14791meg.png Figure 3. Year 2050 dispatch schedule for “IPCC Target” scenario. Note: an 80% carbon reduction is achievable in China’s power system by a combination of wind, solar, storage, CCS and nuclear. This system will require a large amount of storage capacity to provide operational flexibility. Storage charges 8% of the generation power on average and 26%maximum when solar generation is peaking. Storage discharge provides on average 9% of system load, and 30% maximum during nighttime. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-installed-power-generation-capacity-mix-for-the-1dwqlswp.png Figure 2. Installed power-generation capacity mix for the four scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-carbon-emission-trajectory-for-the-chinese-power-ef3h8u2c.png Figure 1. Carbon emission trajectory for the Chinese power sector under the four scenarios. https://scispace.com/papers/swimming-dynamics-of-a-micro-organism-in-a-couple-stress-34ul1hy7be 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-swimming-speed-as-a-function-of-couple-stress-fluid-pfzcb635.png Fig. 4: Swimming speed as a function of couple stress fluid parameter for different values of /a b . Panels (a-f) correspond to 0, / 6, / 4, / 3, / 2, , respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-swimming-speed-as-a-function-of-a-b-for-different-vjd92nsy.png Fig. 5: Swimming speed as a function of /a b for different values of and . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-beat-patterns-of-the-sheet-for-different-values-of-a-b-380b70o2.png Fig. 2: Beat patterns of the sheet for different values of /a b . Panels (a-d) correspond to 0, / 6, / 2, , respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-stream-function-obtained-via-kituqe94.png Table 1: Comparison of stream function obtained via perturbation and numerical methods for / 1a b , / 4 , 0x and 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-swimming-speed-obtained-via-24oexzhh.png Table 2: Comparison of swimming speed obtained via perturbation and numerical methods for different values of / 0.5, 0a b and / 5, / 4a b . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-rate-of-work-done-by-the-sheet-as-a-function-of-for-2d1x4juq.png Fig. 6: Rate of work done by the sheet as a function of for different values of /a b . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-beat-patterns-of-the-sheet-for-different-values-of-in-2kymuiin.png Fig. 3: Beat patterns of the sheet for different values of . In panel (a) / 2a b while in panel (b) / 3a b . https://scispace.com/papers/swiss-defence-industry-in-the-global-arms-trade-successes-4970v9bfxf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-swiss-defence-expenditure-1998-2019-sipri-2020c-the-1rz18a65.png Figure 2. Swiss defence expenditure 1998–2019 (SIPRI, 2020c; The World Bank, 2021) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-examples-of-technologies-developed-within-single-2xecmzsc.png Figure 4. Examples of technologies developed within single programs: GigaEye (a), Multisensor (b), Cognitive radios (c), and Unmanned system (d) (FODP, 2020f) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-value-of-swiss-armament-exports-and-its-share-in-3bywt4nn.png Figure 6. Value of Swiss armament exports and its share in the total Swiss export (SIPRI, 2020b) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-companies-from-small-countries-in-the-sipri-top-100-11vxa3x7.png Table 1. Companies from small countries in the SIPRI Top 100 arms-producing and military services companies in the world list(SIPRI, 2019) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-main-equipment-of-swiss-af-piranha-a-m-109-kawest-2wsh0oyt.png Figure 3. Main equipment of Swiss AF: Piranha (a), M 109 KAWEST WE (b), GMTF Duro IIIP (c), F / A-18 C / D Hornet (d), Cougar (e), Rapier (f) (pictures from Wikimedia Commons, military-today.com, militarywiki.com) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ruag-details-from-thelist-of-sipri-top-100-sipri-22w4f5nv.png Table 2. RUAG Details from theList of SIPRI Top 100 (SIPRI, 2019) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-location-of-swiss-arms-defence-items-and-dual-1pyz3k3f.png Figure 5. The location of Swiss arms, defence items, and dual-use material production sites (Federal Statistical Office, 2021; Jirát et al., 2020) https://scispace.com/papers/switching-back-to-manual-driving-how-does-it-compare-to-1yacfriffk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-histogram-of-the-duration-of-gazes-off-the-road-3gmaz20s.png Figure 6. Histogram of the duration of gazes off the road before the take-over. The y-axis is in log scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-histogram-of-the-duration-of-gazes-off-the-road-1d5b2bqv.png Figure 7. Histogram of the duration of gazes off the road after the take-over. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-drivesafety-driving-simulator-and-the-2srrubft.png Figure 1. The DriveSafety driving simulator and the distraction video with landmarks on the display corners. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-the-visual-take-over-request-to-notify-646pwyhn.png Figure 2. Example of the visual take-over request to notify participants that they have to take over from the autonomous driving car. The visual request was accompanied with an auditory warning. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plot-of-the-locations-of-all-the-gaze-positions-3qqzazrc.png Figure 3. Plot of the locations of all the gaze positions towards the center display during one single trial (N=6967). The 6° visual circle around the calculated center is also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top-figure-the-percentage-of-looking-at-the-road-9ohc8myb.png Figure 4. Top-figure: The percentage of looking at the road center (PRC) as a function of time. Bottom-figure: the average driving speed over time. In both figures, the vertical dashed line shows the moment in time where both conditions have the same speed, with the standard deviation displayed as vertical grey bars. The error bars and ribbon show the standard error values of each metric. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-percentage-of-time-spent-looking-at-the-road-before-2rd3ht02.png Figure 5. Percentage of time spent looking at the road before and after the take-over for both autonomous driving and parking conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/switching-a-polar-metal-via-strain-gradients-3qq13pxqdm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-independent-components-of-the-calculated-elastic-in-26jf0aq6.png TABLE I. Independent components of the calculated elastic (in GPa) and flexocoupling (in eV) tensor. “Lattice sums” refers to Eq. (4,5); “DFPT” to the method of Ref. [42]. The n-type flexocoupling coefficients [27] of BaTiO3 are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-bending-type-strain-gradient-is-applied-to-a-2q90zyrn.png FIG. 1. A bending-type strain gradient is applied to a macroscopic crystal along the direction q̂. The external strain gradient couples to the polar modes resulting in a displacement of the atoms and, as a consequence, the structure evolves to another symmetrically equivalent ferroelectric state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-potential-energy-landscape-for-lioso3-a-and-batio3-b-2eqdugk0.png FIG. 2. Potential energy landscape for LiOsO3 (a) and BaTiO3 (b) from our first-principles effective Hamiltonians, obtained by minimizing the energy at fixed u1. For LiOsO3, a double-welllike curve is obtained when u1 ¼ u2 ¼ u3 is enforced (dashed line) and a butterflylike diagram is obtained when all the parameters are allowed to evolve freely (solid line, colors, and arrows are used to illustrate the switching path). For BaTiO3, the dashed line represents the study under the u2 ¼ u3 ¼ 0 constraint, and the solid line the case with no constraints. https://scispace.com/papers/switching-behavior-in-the-italian-electricity-retail-market-2xkpml17oy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-satisfaction-with-provided-electricity-services-3deobqoo.png Figure 1: Satisfaction with provided electricity services. Source: our elaboration (ADL 2014) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-electricity-and-or-gas-switching-rates-at-the-1ckw9qak.png Figure 2: Electricity and/or gas switching rates at the regional (NUTS2) level. Source: our elaboration (ADL 2014) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-methodological-survey-iplnhfrr.png Table 8: Methodological survey https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-switching-determinants-in-the-literature-19qhssox.png Table 1: Switching determinants in the literature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-between-bayesian-mixed-logit-and-fl95iq5p.png Figure 5: Comparison between Bayesian mixed Logit and Bayesian (household) Logit estimates (Tables 5 and 7). Forest plots report, respectively, credibility intervals (circle) and confidence intervals (rhombus) for selected household variables. The box size is based on estimate precision. Source: our elaboration (ADL 2014) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-bayesian-mixed-logit-model-for-the-electricity-3nznio0r.png Table 5: Bayesian mixed Logit model for the electricity retailer switch with individual and household specific covariates (HH). Household id random intercepts. Naive standard errors in parentheses https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-variables-description-3tl2y766.png Table 4: Variables description https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-bayesian-mixed-logit-estimates-of-individual-and-3scelre8.png Table 6: Bayesian mixed Logit estimates of individual and household specific switching determinants (HH). Analyses performed on the sub-populations of the North, Centre and South of Italy with household id random intercepts. Naive standard errors in parentheses https://scispace.com/papers/switching-between-stabilizing-controllers-fcwq131qrq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-block-diagram-corresponding-to-equation-25-the-ff0vx0nw.png Fig. 3. Block diagram corresponding to equation (25). The transfer function from eT to uC is given by (24), which expresses Kp in terms of Sp (stable process case). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-feedback-configuration-34apc7oi.png Fig. 1. Feedback configuration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-closed-loop-response-of-controllers-k1-k2-and-the-2k0s5ewc.png Fig. 6. Closed-loop response of controllers K1, K2, and the switched multi-controller to a square reference r. Large measurement noise n was injected into the system in the interval t ∈ [18, 40]. The top plots show the output y and the bottom plots the tracking error eT := r− y − n. For the switched controller, K1 was used in the interval t ∈ [22, 42] and K2 in the remaining time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-multicontroller-c-s-inspired-by-the-implicit-2hmurqlp.png Fig. 4. Multicontroller C(σ) inspired by the implicit definition of Kp given by (25) and the corresponding block diagram in Figure 3 (stable process case). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-feedback-connection-between-p-and-c-s-3mahp7fe.png Fig. 5. Feedback connection between P and C(σ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-feedback-connection-between-p-and-c-s-5w321vl0.png Fig. 2. Feedback connection between P and C(σ). https://scispace.com/papers/switching-from-blue-to-yellow-altering-the-spectral-1e49fr2kmu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-purification-of-the-ob-1-mutant-3212q5eb.png Table 2. Purification of the OB-1 mutant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-the-kinetic-parameters-of-pm1-mutants-3e0dlaf3.png Table 3. Comparison of the kinetic parameters of PM1 mutants expressed in S. cerevisiae and wild type PM1 expressed in fungus. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cd-analysis-ed7kjlug.png Table 4. CD analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-coordination-sphere-of-the-t1-cu-site-mutations-3lziau15.png Figure 6. The coordination sphere of the T1 Cu site. Mutations A461T and S426N are highlighted in green in the PM1L-wt (A) and the OB-1 mutant (B). The T1 Cu for PM1L-wt and the OB1-mutant are represented in cyan blue and yellow, respectively. The residues involved in the coordination of the T1 Cu are represented in blue. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-biochemical-and-spectrochemical-features-of-pm1l-wt-3of7ew98.png Table 1. Biochemical and spectrochemical features of PM1L-wt and the PM1 mutants. https://scispace.com/papers/switching-performance-comparison-of-the-sic-jfet-and-sic-2d604738it 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-equivalent-circuit-during-the-interval-t3-t4-b-2l7mtbne.png Fig 7. a) Equivalent circuit during the interval [t3, t4]. b) Equivalent circuit to calculate vdsJ during the interval [t3, t4]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-schematic-design-of-the-boost-converter-2a7t9x3d.png Fig. 16. Schematic design of the boost converter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-main-waveforms-of-the-boost-converter-at-1-mhz-600-w-297byiij.png Fig. 17. Main waveforms of the boost converter at 1 MHz, 600 W and DCM for: a) IRF7455 cascode and b) JFET.for: a) IRF7455 cascode, and b) JFET. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-main-waveforms-of-the-turn-on-transition-of-the-1t60ph7d.png Fig. 1: Main waveforms of the turn-on transition of the cascode configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-most-relevant-features-of-c3d10060a-2n5n6z0x.png TABLE II. MOST RELEVANT FEATURES OF C3D10060A https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-schematic-design-of-the-boost-converter-1q68ulpf.png Fig. 8. Schematic design of the boost converter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-instantaneous-switching-power-of-the-main-switch-at-2ignw2uy.png Fig. 14. Instantaneous switching power of the main switch at 100 kHz, 600 W and CCM in: a) Turn-on, and b) Turn-off. c) Switching energies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-instantaneous-switching-power-of-the-main-switch-at-yqnuhk5q.png Fig. 15. Instantaneous switching power of the main switch at 200 kHz, 600 W and CCM in: a) Turn-on, and b) Turn-off. c) Switching energies. https://scispace.com/papers/switching-performance-comparison-of-a-power-switch-in-a-2ldymydl3d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proposed-schematic-of-the-cascode-configuration-to-3e27oxko.png Fig. 2. Proposed schematic of the cascode configuration to analyse its switching behaviour including the MOSFETs and its most relevant parasitic elements https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-a-superjunction-mosfet-in-cascode-35p690wz.png Fig. 1. Schematic of a Superjunction MOSFET in cascode configuration with a low voltage silicon MOSFET https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulation-results-of-switching-losses-comparison-d8lvzj23.png Table 1. Simulation results of switching losses comparison between the standalone and the cascode configurations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-losses-breakdown-in-the-boost-converter-f-100-khz-p-36hk2zie.png Fig. 4. Losses breakdown in the boost converter (F = 100 kHz, P = 200 W, Vin = 150 V and Vout = 400 V) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-thermal-images-of-the-sj-fet-in-the-standalone-31ett3kf.png Fig. 3. Thermal images of the SJ-FET in the standalone configuration (Left) and in the cascode topology (Right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-turn-off-stage-on-the-cascode-topology-f-200-khz-p-200-1zwwqgti.png Fig. 5. Turn-OFF stage on the cascode topology F = 200 kHz, P = 200 W https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-measurements-for-the-reduction-of-the-3tlknkmy.png Table 2. Experimental measurements for the reduction of the avalanche time in the LV-FET Si9426DY for different values of the external capacitor CEXT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-efficiency-comparison-between-the-standalone-and-the-msey2kyj.png Fig. 8. Efficiency comparison between the standalone and the cascode configuration for a switching frequency of 200 kHz. LV-FETs VDS: 30 V and 20 V https://scispace.com/papers/switching-of-exciton-character-in-double-ingan-gan-quantum-bah2nqs7jd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-nextnano-modeling-of-the-investigated-structures-a-c-2vs17x6t.png FIG. 3. NEXTNANO modeling of the investigated structures. (a–c) Band diagram of the QWs separated by a barrier of 1 nm (sample C3) for various carrier densities: (a) n = 1017 cm−3, (b) n = 3 × 1018 cm−3, and (c) n = 1021 cm−3. The squared wave functions of the main electron and hole levels are represented. Black and red arrows indicate the direct (DX) and indirect (IX) transitions, respectively. (d) Variation of the transition energy of DX and IX as a function of the carrier density in sample C3. Vertical dashed lines mark the points that correspond to the band diagrams in figures (a)–(c). (e–g) Variation of the band diagram of the QWs with high carrier concentration (n = 1021 cm−3, high enough to fully screen the internal electric field) as a function of the central barrier thickness: (d) 0.52 nm (sample C5), (e) 1 nm (sample C3), and (d) 4 nm (sample C1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-evolution-of-the-pl-peak-position-as-a-function-of-1lt2ksi8.png FIG. 12. Evolution of the PL peak position as a function of temperature, measured at various laser power densities. The dashed line describes Varshni’s equation, EPL(T ) = EPL(T = 0) − αT 2/(T + β ), with α = 0.590 meV/K and β = 600 K [39]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pl-spectra-at-selected-excitation-power-densities-of-a-muw9knw6.png FIG. 4. PL spectra at selected excitation power densities of (a) sample C1 (no IX observed, range of used power densities 5−38 000 W/cm2) and (b) sample C6, for which IX and CWX states are observed at lower and higher excitation power density, respectively (range of used power densities 0.1−50 kW/cm2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-illustration-of-the-dx-ix-switching-as-a-function-of-2pu4c8a3.png FIG. 11. Illustration of the DX – IX switching as a function of barrier thickness. Open black squares represent threshold power density determined in the cw-PL experiment. Open red square show the threshold time obtained from TRPL. Sample C6 (barrier width 1–2 atomic monolayer) is represented by the open black and red circles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-temporal-evolution-of-excitonic-transitions-ix-and-atalwd8y.png FIG. 10. Temporal evolution of excitonic transitions (IX and CWX-ES) in sample C3: (a) energy, (b) intensity, and (c) instantaneous decay time 1/r . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-definition-of-excitons-in-double-quantum-wells-a-2j1crsf0.png FIG. 1. Definition of excitons in double quantum wells: (a) distant QWs, (b) coupled QWs, and (c) coupled QWs in electric field, F. Abbreviations SS and AS correspond to symmetric and antisymmetric extended states, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dependence-of-pl-energy-vs-excitation-power-density-2hq0db44.png FIG. 5. Dependence of PL energy vs excitation power density for (a) samples A (single QW) and C1 (double QW with 4-nm-wide barrier), (b) sample C3 (double QW with 1.04-nm barrier), and (c) sample C4 (double QW with 0.78-nm barrier). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-evolution-of-pl-energy-as-a-function-of-excitation-2ssvls56.png FIG. 6. Evolution of PL energy as a function of excitation laser power density for the excitonic ground states in the studied samples. The single QW samples (SQW) and the width of the quantum barrier (QB) in the DQW samples are indicated in the legend. https://scispace.com/papers/sybl-mela-specifying-monitoring-and-controlling-elasticity-2wexvbbq6b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-monitoring-and-controlling-elastic-cloud-services-aiwrhw8v.png Fig. 1. Monitoring and controlling elastic cloud services https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-monitoring-and-controlling-elasticity-9ejsszdk.png Fig. 2. Example of monitoring and controlling elasticity https://scispace.com/papers/symbiocity-smart-cities-for-smarter-networks-511t6xm3w2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-symbiocity-vision-where-knowledge-extracted-16mxjfw2.png Figure 3. The SymbioCity vision where knowledge extracted from Smart City data is exploited by ICT infrastructure to configure itself according to traffic patters expected for Smart City services. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-the-solutions-in-the-ict-to-2cqqfyms.png Figure 2. Evolution of the solutions in the ICT to dynamically and more effectively handle Smart City services. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-average-latency-experienced-by-mt-traffic-when-3txw09bs.png Figure 8. Average latency experienced by MT traffic when varying the system setting and the road congestion level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-throughput-variation-experienced-by-ht-users-with-3k66men8.png Figure 7. Throughput variation experienced by HT users with and without adaptation of system parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-representation-of-a-smart-city-environment-which-1062r289.png Figure 1. A representation of a Smart City environment which highlights the role of ICT infrastructure in providing connectivity to Smart City devices. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-qualitative-mapping-of-the-mutual-influence-between-3vhbvfdz.png Table I. Qualitative mapping of the mutual influence between Smart City services and network optimization techniques. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-simulation-parameters-1d9ypnmv.png Table II. Simulation parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simbiocity-in-a-vehicular-application-adaptation-of-39t92t79.png Figure 4. SimbioCity in a vehicular application: adaptation of network parameters of a base station serving a junction according to the data collected from the cars. https://scispace.com/papers/symbolic-circuit-noise-analysis-and-modeling-with-jv8y0oai5r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-an-rc-circuit-example-5htloi73.png Fig. 4: An RC circuit example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ddd-for-representing-noise-transfer-function-22x92qcg.png Fig. 5: DDD for representing noise transfer function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-matrix-determinant-and-its-ddd-29g1lz5c.png Fig. 3: A matrix determinant and its DDD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-noise-spectral-densities-by-spice-and-ddd-2w4d4ojv.png Fig. 10: Noise spectral densities by SPICE and DDD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-noise-models-for-common-ic-devices-253ekpfg.png Fig. 1: Noise models for common IC devices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-network-with-a-single-noise-source-35yq7ul1.png Fig. 2: A network with a single noise source. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-cmos-cascode-operational-ampli-er-38w9e3ts.png Fig. 8: CMOS cascode operational ampli er. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-noise-model-for-operational-ampli-er-uohswmbq.png Fig. 9: Noise model for operational ampli er. https://scispace.com/papers/symbolae-mycologicae-beitrage-zur-kenntniss-der-rheinischen-20unwj05ti 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-i-u-ii-an-der-unteren-blattflache-von-alchemilla-1su9o1ev.png Fig. 21. — I. u. II. an der unteren Blattfläche von Alchemilla vulgaris, I. häufig, II. selten, im Sommer. Im Oestricher Wald, an der unteren Aepfelbach. https://scispace.com/papers/symbolic-model-checking-for-simply-timed-systems-3is7tq2ts2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-verification-of-the-pci-local-bus-3cx5bzea.png Table 2. Verification of the PCI local bus https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-scale-up-in-sensitivity-1tvb0v2u.png Table 1. Scale up (in)sensitivity https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-simple-tks-1k3585r3.png Fig. 1. A simple TKS https://scispace.com/papers/symbolic-number-skills-predict-growth-in-nonsymbolic-number-3kl9thk3fq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-1qut4p0v.png Table B-1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-shows-examples-of-the-a-numeral-b-dot-and-c-mixed-336kquph.png Figure 1. Shows examples of the [a] numeral, [b] dot, and [c] mixed comparison tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2jhphqv3.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-2hxdvvgu.png Table A-1 https://scispace.com/papers/symbolic-reliability-analysis-of-self-healing-networked-3egxo6qkip 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-bdd-encoding-the-computational-load-constraint-of-1kooinud.png Fig. 6. A BDD encoding the computational load constraint of resource r3 shown in Fig. 2. Edges represent the corresponding variable to be 1 while the dashed edges depict the variable to be 0, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-self-healing-networked-embedded-system-with-a-data-s5j5bslc.png Fig. 1. A self-healing networked embedded system with a data transfer from task t1 to task t2. In a), no defect resources are present. In case of resource failures, a reconfiguration activates redundant task instances, cf. b), or reestablishes the communication using a dynamic rerouting, cf. b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-all-possible-routes-from-resource-r1-to-r3-from-the-2lu2g60d.png Fig. 4. All possible routes from resource r1 to r3 from the example shown in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-bdd-encoding-the-routing-possibilities-from-resource-2hvqhwco.png Fig. 5. A BDD encoding the routing possibilities from resource r1 to r3 from the example shown in Fig. 2. Edges represent the corresponding variable to be 1 while the dashed edges depict the variable to be 0, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-time-consumption-of-a-single-analysis-run-for-2rdikf64.png Table 2. Time consumption of a single analysis run for different ECU networks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-system-specification-with-an-application-and-the-1on98zfo.png Fig. 2. A system specification with an application and the available resource architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-theoretical-upper-bound-for-the-mttf-32w5xpua.png Table 1. Comparison of theoretical upper bound for the MTTF with the ReCoNets self-healing system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-part-of-the-application-shown-in-fig-2-depicted-are-2j7saawc.png Fig. 3. A part of the application shown in Fig. 2. Depicted are the tasks that are mapped to the resources. https://scispace.com/papers/symmetric-robust-and-high-voltage-organic-redox-flow-battery-7wmvom156d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-scheme-of-redox-processes-for-c-b-cv-at-scan-rate-2434te8d.png Figure 2: a) Scheme of redox processes for C+. b) CV at scan rate of 100 mV s–1 and c) Independents CVs at various scan rate (10 to 500 mV s–1) of the electronic processes for a 1.2 mM solution of C+ in 0.1 M TBAPF6/acetonitrile (ACN). d) D and k0 were determined by studying CVs at different scan rates from 10 to 500 mV/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-scheme-showing-the-mono-electronic-charge-1u7jfvui.png Figure 3: a) Scheme showing the mono- electronic charge-discharge cycles in a symmetric H-cell. The color code is indicative of the electrolyte oxidation degree and corresponds to the colors observed by the operator. b) Zoom-in of Ewe along the 25th to 35th cycles of cycling and species formation in Eref compartment. c) Q of charge-discharge processes and coulombic efficiency monitoring over 800 cycles of mono-electronic exchange (for better readability, 1 dot every 10 cycles). Inset shows CV analysis at 100mV/s of the respective contents of each side of the cell after 800 cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-scheme-showing-the-bi-electronic-charge-discharge-ra353194.png Figure 4: a) Scheme showing the bi-electronic charge-discharge cycles in a symmetric H-cell as stress-test. The color code is indicative of the electrolyte oxidation degree and corresponds to the colors observed by the operator. b) Q of charge-discharge processes and coulombic efficiency monitoring over 85 cycles of bi-electronic exchange. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-open-circuit-voltage-ocv-feature-for-common-19l9fbnh.png Figure 1: Open circuit voltage (OCV) feature for common batteries and recent promising RFBs (Cyclability = initial capacity (Qinit) retention ≥ 90% after n cycles) with their electrolyte couples: (i),32 (ii),33 (iii),34 (iv),35 (v),36 (vi),37 (vii).38 https://scispace.com/papers/symbolization-of-time-series-an-evaluation-of-sax-persist-5a8j7le499 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-aca-symbolization-a-shows-the-original-signal-because-3nbnudk1.png Fig. 4. ACA symbolization. (A) shows the original signal. Because no dedicated temporal reduction methods have been developed for arbitrary data, the signal was simply down-sampled by a factor of 3. The down-sampled signal is shown in (B). (C) illustrates the resulting segmentation and how segments are grouped into symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-reconstructed-signals-examples-of-reconstructed-cdi2z9c8.png Fig. 5. Reconstructed signals. Examples of reconstructed signals for each of the methods, the number of symbols used is expressed in parenthesis. (A) shows an example where ACA was very successful. (B) shown an example where the ACA segmentation caused the reconstructed templates to be misaligned with the original signal. The original signal is a normal ECG data. The figures shows only a detail of the signal. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-periodicity-signals-grouped-according-to-periodicity-2ucmnoxu.png TABLE I PERIODICITY. SIGNALS GROUPED ACCORDING TO PERIODICITY. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-information-loss-versus-compression-factor-results-for-1sst9780.png Fig. 6. Information loss versus compression factor. Results for files contained in each periodicity interval. For each file, SAX and Persist results encompass Z = 2, 3, ..., 15, and ACA results include Z = 1, 2, ..., 10. For each of these, the resulting information loss is plotted against the achieved compression factor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-detail-of-figure-6-the-plots-presented-previously-were-2glsrjtf.png Fig. 7. Detail of Figure 6. The plots presented previously were zoomed in on compression values 0.85 to 1, and information loss values 0 to 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-persist-symbolization-a-shows-the-normalized-original-2l7phv9i.png Fig. 3. PERSIST symbolization. (A) shows the normalized original signal. (B) illustrates the persistence scores obtained for each number of symbols. The best score is obtained with 7 symbols. (C) shows the optimal segmentation with 7 symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sax-symbolization-a-shows-the-normalized-original-3ldj4i3u.png Fig. 2. SAX symbolization. (A) shows the normalized original signal and its PAA approximation for a window size of 50 samples. (B) shows the breakpoints for alphabet size Z = 5. (C) illustrates how the PAA values in between breakpoints are assigned symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-quantization-vs-temporal-segmentation-this-simple-3o1heeqc.png Fig. 1. Quantization vs. Temporal Segmentation. This simple example illustrates the main differences between quantization (A) and temporal segmentation (B). The breakpoints of quantization are in the amplitude domain, and each interval may be assigned a symbol. The breakpoints of temporal segmentation are in the temporal domain, and similar segments must be clustered before they can be assigned a symbol. https://scispace.com/papers/symmetrical-review-of-mobile-app-icons-and-their-effect-on-3bwbutts7q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-confusion-matrix-2x2-2p56ft2f.png Fig 11. Confusion Matrix (2x2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-image-processing-results-of-application-4-2nl6byjp.png Fig 15. Image Processing Results of Application 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-image-processing-results-of-application-10-67qohqnu.png Fig 21. Image Processing Results of Application 10 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-application-icons-10taos82.png Fig 1. Application Icons https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-matlab-and-survey-values-of-app-icons-2pzc9hvn.png Table 1. Matlab and Survey Values of App Icons https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-rating-the-icons-1d4byhiv.png Fig 10. Rating the Icons https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-image-processing-results-of-application-3-17fqiyod.png Fig 14. Image Processing Results of Application 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-image-processing-results-of-application-7-xsxh4ptz.png Fig 18. Image Processing Results of Application 7 https://scispace.com/papers/symmetry-adapted-analysis-of-the-magnetic-and-structural-9mnapb92vg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-bottom-evolution-vs-temperature-of-the-j16y749p.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Bottom: Evolution vs temperature of the magnetic moment obtained by Rietveld refinement for Cr3+ in Bi1−xYxCrO3 compounds. Top: Magnetic moment and θ angle between the moment and the a axis for Bi0.99Y0.01CrO3, showing the spin reorientation within the (a,c) plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-color-online-phase-diagram-of-bi1-xyxcro3-af-106feazc.png FIG. 16. (Color online) Phase diagram of Bi1−xYxCrO3. AF: antiferromagnetic states. TN and TSR denote the respective Néel and spin reorientation transition temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-summary-of-mode-decomposition-of-the-ycro3-compound-3972esbm.png TABLE IV. Summary of mode decomposition of the YCrO3 compound with a Pnma structure, indicating the amplitude (Å) of all intervening irreducible representation (IR) distortion components at room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-graph-of-maximal-subgroups-relating-the-space-groups-103e29l2.png FIG. 9. Graph of maximal subgroups relating the space groups of the ideal cubic perovskite (Pm3̄m) and the Pnma phase of Bi1−xYxCrO3. Figure obtained with SUBGROUP-GRAPH. 27 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-summary-of-the-basis-modes-in-the-distortion-of-27cbf7zu.png TABLE V. Summary of the basis modes in the distortion of BiCrO3, distributed per type of Wyckoff position (WP). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-color-online-top-left-ld3distortionmode-represented-37pinyda.png FIG. 15. (Color online) Top left: LD3distortionmode represented in the pseudocubic unit of a monoclinic cell. Top right: Detailed view of the LD3 distortion around the two distinct chromium sites. The directions of atomic displacement correspond to the direction of the arrows. The figure was prepared using the program FPstudio included in the FullProf suite. Bottom: Scheme of an LD3 antiferroelectric arrangement. Bi atoms are (red) spheres; arrows represent local electric dipoles due to the relative displacement of the bismuth ion within the oxygen dodecahedral cage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-x-ray-diffraction-pattern-of-bi1-xyxcro3-d81v8nel.png FIG. 1. (Color online) X-ray diffraction pattern of Bi1−xYxCrO3 compounds. Impurity phases: bismuthite Bi2O2CO3 (asterisks), cubic bismuth oxide γ -Bi2O3 (cross), and chromium oxide Cr2O3 (open circle). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-evolution-of-room-temperature-pseudocubic-n2ph5uw6.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Evolution of room-temperature pseudocubic lattice parameters and volume forBi1−xYxCrO3 compounds (filled symbols). Parameters for BiCrO3 x = 0 taken from Darie et al., 6 determined at 430 K for the high-temperature Pnma phase (openy symbols). Uncertainties are less than the size of the symbols. https://scispace.com/papers/symmetry-and-transport-property-of-spin-current-induced-spin-16h65dhf1p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-the-spin-current-induced-spin-hall-jj2byuex.png FIG. 4. Color online The spin current induced spin-Hall conductances Gss vs sample size L for different SOI strengths: a VR=0.03, b VR=0.06, and c VR=0.1. The curves of G2 xy and G2 yx and −G2 xz and G2 zx are nearly coincident for the small VR=0.03 and 0.06. The Fermi energy is EF=−3.8t. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-the-spin-current-induced-spin-hall-xifjeos3.png FIG. 5. Color online The spin current induced spin-Hall conductances Gss vs the Rashba SOI strength VR, with the parameters L=34a and EF=−3.8t. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-the-normalized-conductances-gratio-ss-29q8c7ut.png FIG. 6. Color online The normalized conductances Gratio ss https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-nonzero-spin-current-induced-spinhall-3d4lh3tw.png FIG. 3. Color online The nonzero spin current induced spinHall conductance elements G2 xy black , G2 yx green or gray , G2 zx black , and −G2 xz green or gray vs Fermi energy EF. The parameters are L=34a and VR=0.03t. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-spin-hall-conductances-gsc-and-the-1h372civ.png FIG. 2. Color online The spin-Hall conductances Gsc and the reciprocal spin-Hall conductances Gcs vs Fermi energy EF, with the parameters L=34a and VR=0.03t. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-symmetry-of-the-transverse-spin-or-charge-3hq1s1lg.png TABLE I. Symmetry of the transverse spin or charge conductance for the system with the Rashba and/or Dresselhaus SOI: a VR 0, VD=0; b VR=0, VD 0; c VR VD 0; and d VR=VD 0. The symbol “0” indicates the corresponding G2 4 =0, and the symbol “ ” denotes G2 = ±G4 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematic-diagram-for-the-four-terminal-64aulhou.png FIG. 1. Color online Schematic diagram for the four-terminal rectangular sample with the Rashba and Dresselhaus SOIs in the center region. The four leads are ideal without SOI. The spin bias Vs or the charge bias Vc is added on lead-1 and lead-3, while the induced transverse spin current Jp,s or the charge current Jp,c is probed in lead-2 and lead-4. The left and right insets depict the directions of the transverse spin or charge currents when the currents are flowing out G2=G4 and the currents are simultaneously flowing in at one terminal and out at the other one G2=−G4 , respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/symmetry-breaking-in-a-localized-interacting-binary-bose-39mw47jwqt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-the-same-as-in-fig-3-but-for-a-g1-g2-0-3s87b9yk.png FIG. 4. (Color online) The same as in Fig. 3, but for (a) g1 = g2 = 0 and g12 = 3, and (b) g1 = 0, g2 = 0.3, and g12 = 3. The parameters of the potential are λ1 = 8, λ2 = 0.862λ1, s1 = 8, and s2 = 2.4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-the-phase-diagram-of-g12-vs-g2-for-g1-0-3q0djyn9.png FIG. 5. (Color online) The phase diagram of g12 vs g2 for g1 = 0 showing the split and unsplit configurations of the two localized states while potential (3) is effective on both components. The parameters of the potential are λ1 = 8, λ2 = 0.862λ1, s1 = 8, and s2 = 2.4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-the-densities-u1-x-2-and-u2-x-2-of-the-rwtihttf.png FIG. 6. (Color online) The densities |u1(x)|2 and |u2(x)|2 of the two localized BEC states vs x for (a) g1 = g2 = g12 = 0, (b) g1 = g2 = 0, g12 = −4, (c) g1 = 0, g2 = −0.5, g12 = −3, and (d) g1 = 0, g2 = 0.5, g12 = −3, when potential (3) acts on the first component and potential (4) acts on the second component. The potential parameters are λ1 = 8, λ2 = 0.862λ1, s1 = 8, and s2 = 2.4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-densities-u1-x-2-and-u2-x-2-of-the-2zzkga7b.png FIG. 3. (Color online) The densities |u1(x)|2 and |u2(x)|2 of the two localized BEC states vs x for (a) g1 = g2 = g12 = 0; (b) g1 = g2 = 0 and g12 = 1; (c) g1 = 0, g2 = 1, and g12 = 2; (d) g1 = 0, g2 = 2, and g12 = 1. In (a)–(d), potential (3) acts on the two components with parameters λ1 = 8, λ2 = 0.862λ1, s1 = 8, and s2 = 2.4. The last two plots are for g1 = 0 and g2 = g12 = 1 with potential parameters (e) λ1 = 10, λ2 = 0.862λ1, s1 = 8, and s2 = 2.4, and (f) λ1 = 5, λ2 = 0.862λ1, s1 = 8, and s2 = 2.4. In each case, the profile of the bichromatic OL potential is also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-numerical-and-variational-widths-w1-2pq3z09q.png FIG. 2. (Color online) The numerical and variational widths w1 and w2 of the two stationary BEC localized states vs (a) g2 for g12 = 1 and g1 = 0 and (b) g12 for g2 = 0.5 and g1 = 0. The potential (3) acts on the two components where the parameters are λ1 = 8, λ2 = 0.862λ1, s1 = 8, and s2 = 2.4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-the-effective-potential-veff-x0-vs-the-10d7tmyj.png FIG. 1. (Color online) (a) The effective potential Veff (x0) vs the position of the localized state x0 ≡ x01 = −x02 in the symmetric case g1 = g2 = 0 for g12 = 0.5, 1, and 3 as obtained from Eq. (17). The respective widths are calculated from Eq. (13). (b) The effective potential felt by the first component Veff1(x01) vs its position x01 as obtained from Eq. (17). The widths of the two states are calculated from Eq. (15). In both (a) and (b), the potential parameters are λ1 = 8, λ2 = 0.862λ1, s1 = 8, and s2 = 2.4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-the-densities-a-u1-x-t-2-and-b-u2-x-t-2-2jefbdzs.png FIG. 8. (Color online) The densities (a) |u1(x, t)|2 and (b) |u2(x, t)|2 vs x and t of the two localized BEC states of Fig. 4(b) when the potential parameters are suddenly changed from λ1 = 8, λ2 = 0.862λ1, s1 = 8, s2 = 2.4 to λ1 = 8.5, λ2 = 0.862λ1, s1 = 8, s2 = 2.4 at time t = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-the-phase-diagram-of-g12-vs-g2-for-g1-0-p2mjbe5z.png FIG. 7. (Color online) The phase diagram of |g12| vs g2 for g1 = 0 showing the symmetric and asymmetric configurations of the two localized BEC states. The potential (3) is effective on the first component, and potential (4) on the second component with the same parameters as in Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/papers/symmetry-resolved-vibrational-spectroscopy-for-the-c-1s-12pu-4stifd6hiw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-symmetry-resolved-excitation-spectra-a-c-experimental-2dr2dba1.png FIG. 3. Symmetry-resolved excitation spectra. (a),(c) Experimental excitation spectra I A1 and I B1 , respectively. Thick solid lines: the results of the fitting with some Voigt profiles given by the thin solid lines. (b),(d) Theoretical excitation spectra I A1 and I B1 , respectively. Thick solid lines: the spectra calculated in the adiababic representation. Thin solid lines in (d): contributions from each vibrational component. Dashed lines: the spectra calculated taking into account the nonadiabatic effect using a simple approximation. See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-tiy-and-b-angle-resolved-energetic-ion-yield-spectra-1gmt0f22.png FIG. 2. (a) TIY and (b) angle-resolved energetic-ion yield spectra of CO2 measured across the C 1s ! 2pu resonance. In (b), the solid and open circles are recorded at 0± and 90±, respectively. The arrows indicate the positions where one can see the structures by eye. (c) Photon energy dependence of the a factor (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-view-of-the-geometry-of-the-2pu-orbitals-25tpb730.png FIG. 1. A schematic view of the geometry of the 2pu orbitals in the C 1s212pu states. https://scispace.com/papers/sympathetic-cooling-of-fluorine-atoms-with-ultracold-atomic-3xiyploc1c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-the-most-important-state-to-state-cross-2wq0h2cq.png FIG. 4. (Color online) The most important state-to-state cross sections as a function of collision energy, for B = 1 and 1000 G. Results are shown for collisions of spin-stretched H (Hd ) with (a) spin-stretched F (Fh) and (b) Fc. The line for Hd + Fg is hidden underneath that for Hc + Fh in the steep region near their thresholds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-elastic-and-total-inelastic-cross-1rlcjbmm.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Elastic and total inelastic cross sections as a function of collision energy, for B = 1 and 1000 G, from both full coupled-channel calculations and a variety of approximations. Results are shown for collisions of spin-stretched H (Hd ) with (a) spin-stretched F (Fh) and (b) Fc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-contour-plots-of-the-ratio-g-of-elastic-1o2by24e.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Contour plots of the ratio γ of elastic to total inelastic cross sections as a function of the collision energy and magnetic field. Results are shown for collisions of spin-stretched H (Hd ) with (a) spin-stretched F (Fh) and (b) Fc. The initial states are highlighted in Fig. 2. The apparently uneven behavior of the contours in (b) arises because our grid cannot fully capture the sharp singlet resonances, which, on a finer grid, would appear as very narrow bands rather than isolated peaks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-variation-of-the-ratio-g-of-elastic-to-1n0yqyw0.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Variation of the ratio γ of elastic to total inelastic cross sections for spin-stretched collisions (Hd + Fh) at 1 G (solid curves) and 1000 G (dashed curves), as a function of a scaling factor λ applied to the excited-state potential curves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-ground-x1-and-excited-a1-13-a3-electronic-3ntf0s6y.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Ground (X1 +) and excited (A1 , 13 +, a3 ) electronic states of H + F. Inset: The relatively shallow van der Waals wells for the excited states. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-elastic-and-total-inelastic-cross-3hzqypgt.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Elastic and total inelastic cross sections as a function of collision energy, for B = 1 and 1000 G. Results are shown for collisions of spin-stretched H (Hd ) with (a) spin-stretched F (Fh) and (b) Fc. The initial states are highlighted in Fig. 2. Solid lines include s-, p-, and d-wave contributions, dashed lines include s- and p-wave contributions and dotted lines are the s-wave cross sections. Vertical lines show the heights of the p- and d-wave centrifugal barriers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-magnetic-field-dependence-of-the-energy-1mtpv380.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Magnetic-field dependence of the energy levels for (a) H(2S) and (b) 19F(2P o3/2). Solid (dashed) lines correspond to the inclusion (exclusion) of hyperfine terms. Scattering calculations were carried out for the magnetically trappable states highlighted in blue. https://scispace.com/papers/sympathetic-cooling-of-a-radio-frequency-lc-circuit-to-its-282x8bqbao 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-description-of-the-system-a-metal-coated-12mw3i49.png FIG. 1. Schematic description of the system. A metal coated nanomembrane is coupled via radiation pressure to a cavity field, and capacitively coupled to an rf resonant circuit via the positiondependent capacitance Cm(x). The rf resonator is modeled as a lumped-element RLC series circuit with an additional tunable capacitance C0 in parallel with Cm(x), a resistance R, and an inductance L. The rf circuit is driven by a DC bias VDC and by the Johnson-Nyquist voltage noise δV . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-electromechanical-coupling-g-versus-the-dc-voltage-vdc-2gjvmv8q.png FIG. 2. Electromechanical coupling g versus the DC voltage VDC and the membrane-electrode distance h0. The black dotted line indicates the value of h0 which is used in the plots of Sec. VI, corresponding to 2 μm. The other electromechanical parameters are ω0/2π = ω(0)LC/2π = 1 MHz, Qm = 106, m = 0.7 × 10−10 kg, L = 1 mH, and Aeff = 1.1 × 10−7 m2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-stationary-lc-circuit-occupancy-nefflc-from-the-2jo9bqlz.png FIG. 4. Stationary LC circuit occupancy n̄effLC from the solution of the Lyapunov equation, Eq. (47), as a function of the rf resonator quality factor QLC and of temperature T (we have assumed here T = TLC), for a chosen value of the optomechanical coupling, G/κ = 0.8 (dash-dotted blue line of Fig. 3), choosing ω0 = ω(0)LC , and by fixing, for any given pair of values of QLC and T , the optimal value of the electromechanical coupling g minimizing n̄effLC . The dash-dotted line refers to the upper bound of the “quantum region,” n̄effLC = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-lc-resonator-photon-occupation-number-nefflc-versus-g-2sefqxpe.png FIG. 5. LC resonator photon occupation number n̄effLC versus g/κ , at the same value of the optomechanical coupling, G/κ = 0.8, chosen in Fig. 4, at temperature T = TLC = 300 K, choosing ω0 = ω(0)LC , and for two different values of the quality factor, QLC = 102 (red full and dashed upper curves) and QLC = 103 (blue full and dashed lower curves). Full lines refer to the exact numerical solution of Eq. (47), while dashed lines refer to the approximate treatment of Sec. V [see Eq. (53)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-c-stationary-lc-circuit-occupancy-nefflc-from-the-3rvf1cib.png FIG. 3. (a),(c) Stationary LC circuit occupancy n̄effLC from the solution of the Lyapunov equation, Eq. (47), as a function of the scaled electromechanical coupling g/κ , and of the scaled optomechanical coupling G/κ . (b),(d) n̄effLC versus g/κ , at fixed values of the optomechanical coupling rate, corresponding to the horizontal lines in (a)–(c): G/κ = 0.2 (full yellow lines), G/κ = 0.5 (dashed red lines), G/κ = 0.8 (dash-dotted blue lines), G/κ = 1.1 (dotted black lines). The upper plots (a) and (b) refer to the resonance of the bare mechanical and LC frequencies, ω0 = ω(0)LC , while the lower plots (c) and (d) refer to the resonance of the effective mechanical and LC frequencies, ωm = ωLC . We have chosen a quality factor of the rf resonator QLC = 4 × 104 and a temperature T = 10 mK (see text for the other system parameters). The dash-dotted black horizontal line in (b) and (d) refers to n̄effLC = 1. https://scispace.com/papers/sympatric-and-allopatric-differentiation-delineates-13jyu45r23 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-recombination-network-across-all-pairwise-strains-1r02t5rn.png FIG 2. Recombination network across all pairwise strains. Thicker edges represent increased recombination between strains. Nodes are colored by population designation and node size indicates number of clonal clusters (strains too closely-related to differentiate recombination). D = Desert, Sc = Scrubland, G/MMLR = Grassland, SS = Salton Sea, MCBA = Boston https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-flexible-gene-content-similarity-between-strains-tree-1xz889ma.png FIG 3. Flexible gene content similarity between strains. Tree is derived from a consensus neighbor-joining analysis showing only nodes with ≥750 support. Strains are colored by population assignments identified from the recombination network (Fig. 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-highly-structured-genomic-backbones-across-strains-a-3e5mrxvt.png FIG 4. Highly structured genomic backbones across strains. (A) Population-specific genomic backbones within all individuals in populations 1 and 3. Population-specific genes (colored in blue) are consistently flanked by highly conserved regions (in white). Putative mobile elements are also designated in boxes along the chromosome. (B) Phylogenies of a subset of conserved genes (white arrows in panel A) flanking the population-specific regions colored by the strains in each respective population. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-phylogeny-of-the-curtobacterium-ecotype-subclade-ib-2bjv7d47.png FIG 1. (A) Phylogeny of the Curtobacterium ecotype, subclade IB/C, from a core genome alignment. (B) Ancestral population structure estimated from admixture analysis. Bar plots reflect the proportion of an individual genome that originate from estimated ancestral gene pools (K = 4). Genome names designate the site of isolation along the climate gradient except for MCBA = Boston and MMLR = Grassland isolate from 2010. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-recombination-network-across-all-pairwise-strains-weqklc7u.png FIG 2. Recombination network across all pairwise strains. Thicker edges represent increased recombination between strains. Nodes are colored by population designation and node size indicates number of clonal clusters (strains too closely-related to differentiate recombination). D = Desert, Sc = Scrubland, G/MMLR = Grassland, SS = Salton Sea, MCBA = Boston https://scispace.com/papers/sympathetic-neural-activity-metabolic-parameters-and-1bgxgc243u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pearsons-correlation-coefficients-among-heart-rate-11t19pdm.png Table 3. Pearson´s correlation coefficients among heart rate variability parameters, insulin and cardiorespiratory fitness in normotensives, adjusted by confounders (n=58) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-heart-rate-variability-parameters-grouped-by-90b3qzny.png Table 2. Heart rate variability parameters grouped by overweight and obesity degree (n=64) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-general-characteristics-of-the-study-population-z2cgtgsd.png Table 1. General characteristics of the study population grouped by overweight and degree of obesity https://scispace.com/papers/symptomatic-epiphyseal-sprains-and-stress-fractures-of-the-31olt3yq0m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-data-on-injury-location-and-radiological-3ljm3p5y.png Table 1. Summary of data on injury location and radiological and/or clinical outcomes from all included patients. PIP: proximal interphalangeal joint; DIP: distal interphalangeal joint; 1: thumb; 2: index; 3: middle finger; 4: ring finger; 5: little finger; L: left; R: right; ADL: activities of daily living; *Patients who completed our questionnaire https://scispace.com/papers/symptomatic-androgen-deficiency-develops-only-when-both-4p8zwu3j5s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gonadal-status-transition-in-men-with-secondary-3ves2d51.png Table 3. Gonadal status transition in men with secondary hypogonadism (SH) at baseline https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-predictors-of-change-in-gonadal-status-from-3djqq8t9.png Table 2. Predictors of change in gonadal status from eugonadal to incident secondary hypogonadism https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-and-follow-up-characteristics-of-men-with-3c6ag51w.png Table 1. Baseline and Follow-Up Characteristics of Men with Persistent Eugonadism (PE), those with Incident Secondary Hypogonadism with low total and normal free testosterone (LNSH) and those with Incident Secondary Hypogonadism with both low total and low free testosterone (LLSH) https://scispace.com/papers/synapomorphic-variations-in-the-thap-domains-of-the-human-xl7di8xfvu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-msa-and-glam2-predicts-conserved-residues-within-2jxwm4pp.png Figure 1. MSA and GLAM2 predicts conserved residues within THAP domain https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3k8x85y1.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-k6elrzwl.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/syn-flood-attack-detection-and-type-distinguishing-mechanism-2r8csz0pi0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-practical-results-fixed-tcp-syn-flood-attack-e5cxtvtk.png Fig. 4. Practical results – Fixed TCP SYN flood attack https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-detailed-random-tcp-syn-flood-attack-theoretical-and-e19ilj41.png Fig. 5. Detailed Random TCP SYN flood attack - theoretical and practical results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-storing-data-in-mbcf-data-structure-using-4-hash-qtbwvg9p.png Fig. 1. Storing data in MBCF data structure using 4 hash functions and counters https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tested-hash-functions-13-1ulwobgu.png Table 1. Tested hash functions [13] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-theoretical-results-subnet-tcp-syn-flood-attack-vyjwwn2i.png Fig. 3. Theoretical results - Subnet TCP SYN Flood attack https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-theoretical-results-random-and-fixed-tcp-syn-flood-1pk2hwst.png Fig. 2. Theoretical results - Random and Fixed TCP SYN Flood attacks https://scispace.com/papers/symptoms-in-the-cancer-patient-of-importance-for-their-5a6ee85uxk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographic-characteristics-of-the-caregivers-of-the-50clpcws.png Table 2 – Demographic characteristics of the caregivers of the two patients groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-clinical-characteristics-of-the-2u5zaags.png Table 1 – Demographic and clinical characteristics of the total sample and among the two patient groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-linear-regression-analyses-with-physical-and-mental-24v20390.png Table 4 - Linear regression analyses with physical and mental QOL, anxiety and depression as dependent variables https://scispace.com/papers/synapse-1-a-high-speed-general-purpose-parallel-1x2hh13ty8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-neuroprocessor-unit-1pkoosa7.png Figure 2: Neuroprocessor Unit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-arithmetic-unit-l1k3ivuy.png Figure 4: Arithmetic Unit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-data-unit-3se13hdj.png Figure 3: Data Unit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-programmable-sequencer-3mawdz4r.png Figure 6: Programmable Sequencer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-architecture-3smgfvjo.png Figure 1: System architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-software-architecture-of-synapse-1-3rxgsvu7.png Figure 7: Software architecture of SYNAPSE{1. https://scispace.com/papers/synaptic-integration-across-first-order-tactile-neurons-can-12uhf26h72 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-integration-of-fast-decaying-ampa-synapses-over-2ovdh0zn.png Figure 3. Integration of fast-decaying (AMPA) synapses over short time window robustly discriminates fine orientations. A. Discrimination test performance of classifiers integrating fast-decaying (AMPA) synaptic inputs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-synaptic-weights-and-receptive-field-of-edge-5qevgj0i.png Figure 4. Synaptic weights and receptive field of edge-orientation classifiers. A. Synaptic weights from model first-order neurons onto classifier units using fast-decaying (AMPA) synapses and tuned to 20˚, with presentation time window of 50 ms and noise level 5%. Shown are 95% confidence intervals of weights over 20 classifiers. Synaptic weights are shown in decreasing order of average weight over the 20 classifiers. Black – key synaptic weights, which were significantly different than 0. B. Key excitatory synaptic weights in classifiers using AMPA synapses and tuned to 20 vs -20˚. C. Spatial layout of the synaptic weights in classifier units using AMPA synapses and tuned to -20 or 20˚, with presentation time window of 50 ms and noise level 5%. Receptive fields represent averages over 20 classifiers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-discrimination-of-edge-orientation-using-synaptic-1r1blhkx.png Figure 2. Discrimination of edge orientation using synaptic integration of first-order neuronal population activity. A. Simulated model population of FA-1 neurons innervating mechanoreceptors in a 10x10 mm patch of skin, during edge-orientation discrimination task (-θ vs θ, θ = 1-20˚). Four example model first-order neurons are shown as color-coded sets of innervated mechanoreceptors, with their corresponding spike trains to the right. The neuronal population activity was fed into edge-orientation classifiers that performed synaptic integration of the neuronal population activity. The classifiers comprised of two units (tuned to -θ or θ) that performed a weighted sum of the synaptic inputs. Edge-orientation classification was determined according to the unit with maximal PSP value. B. PSPs were produced by convolving model first-order neuronal spike trains with a PSP waveform using either a short time constant (3 ms), corresponding to AMPA synapses, or a long time constant (65 ms), corresponding to NMDA synapses. C, D. Discrimination test performance using synaptic integration with AMPA (C) or NMDA (D) synapses. Each curve corresponds to a different level of stimulus noise (between 0 and 10%), and shows mean and 95% confidence intervals. Dashed gray line shows chance level (0.5). E. The difference in test performance between model networks using AMPA and NMDA synapses, for noise level 1, 5, 10%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-data-driven-models-of-first-order-tactile-neurons-a-p54vgd3z.png Figure 1. Data-driven models of first-order tactile neurons. A. The model neuron innervated a set of mechanoreceptors (MRs), each with its own axon. The model neuron output followed a “reset” scheme, whereby spikes triggered at one axonal spiking zone reset initiation at other spiking zones. B. The locations of innervated mechanoreceptors (black) were derived by the model optimization algorithm. At the start of the optimization, locations were random within the area derived from the recorded neuron’s response to a moving dot stimulus (gray, see Methods). The resulting model innervation pattern and receptive field (RF) response map are shown for the example FA-1 neuron whose response is illustrated in parts C and D. C. Fitness (R2) of model for example FA-1 neuron. Observed (black) and model (red) spike trains and rate curves in response to edges oriented -22.5, 22.5, -45, and 45˚. D. Observed and model response to edge oriented 0˚, which served to test the models. E. Model fitness, prediction accuracy, and the prediction accuracy of null models (shuffled, see Methods) across all neurons (n = 15). Prediction accuracy of models was significantly higher than that of null models (p < 10-6, paired-sample t-test). Error bars depict standard deviation. https://scispace.com/papers/synchronisation-of-linear-continuous-multi-agent-systems-2v61opvy8k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-communication-digraph-2d173m2p.png Fig. 1. Communication digraph https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulation-results-under-controller-iv-3-a-3jji685o.png Fig. 2. Simulation results under controller (IV.3). (a) Trajectories of three agents with a stable system matrix; (b)trajectories of three agents with a slightly unstable system matrix; (c) enlarged plots of stable case with switching signals in the transition phase of [0, 40]; (d) communication delays between the nodes in the transition phase of [0, 40]. https://scispace.com/papers/synchronisation-sensorimotrice-et-comportements-non-verbaux-59jqocuk7b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-constance-de-la-sms-a-en-fonction-du-contexte-33urjfbk.png Figure 2. Constance de la SMS (A) en fonction du contexte social (Vidéo ou Live) et du tempo tempo (Lent ou Rapide), (B) en fonction du contexte social (Vidéo ou Live) et de la séquence auditive (Métronome ou Musique). Les barres d’erreurs correspondent aux erreurs standards. Plus la valeur de la constance est élevée, plus la frappe est régulière (avec 1 correspondant à une régularité parfaite). *(p < .05) ***(p < .001) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-du-dispositif-experimental-a-le-3nvk5bqy.png Figure 1. Illustration du dispositif expérimental. (A) Le participant est assis et tape sur la tablette (entourée en rouge) en réponse au rythme des séquences auditives. Sa chaise est posée sur une plaque de force enregistrant ses mouvements (B) La musicienne en condition live, tape sur une tablette avec sa main droite au rythme des séquences auditives. Elle est debout sur une plaque de force (C) La musicienne en condition vidéo, projetée sur un écran à taille réelle. Elle réalise la même tâche qu’en condition live. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-asynchronie-de-la-sms-en-millisecondes-a-en-215y5pzc.png Figure 3. Asynchronie de la SMS (en millisecondes) (A) en fonction du contexte social (Vidéo ou Live) de la séquence auditive (Métronome ou Musique), (B) en fonction du tempo (Lent ou Rapide). Une valeur négative correspond à une frappe arrivant avant le beat, une valeur positive correspond à une frappe après le beat. Plus la valeur est proche de 0, plus l’asynchronie est faible et la synchronisation précise. ***(p < 0,001). https://scispace.com/papers/synaptic-propagation-in-neuronal-networks-with-finite-25tnrc67mv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-analytical-solutions-and-numerical-3al3rdok.png Figure 1. Comparison of analytical solutions and numerical simulations: The finite support neuronal network of integrate-and-fire neurons with excitatory coupling is at rest; at t=0, the neurons at x=0 to x=1 receive an additional current that drives them over the threshold. All shocked neurons spike synchronous because they receive their input at the same time. The wave evolution shows damped oscillations with an amplitude that decays exponentially. The self-propagating wave settles at the constant speed cfast. The left panel shows the wave speed as a function of space. The red trace is the computer simulation, and the black trace is the speed solution from equation 3. The right panel shows traveling wave acceleration as a function of space. The blue trace is the computer simulation, and the green trace is the solution from equation 4. Parameters: ḡsyn = 15, σ = 1, τ1 = 1, τ2 = 2, VT = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-co-evolution-of-traveling-wave-speed-and-76wz2u7z.png Figure 6. Co-evolution of traveling wave speed and acceleration in the presence of sinusoidal inhomogeneity perturbation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-neuronal-traveling-wave-phenomena-are-allor-none-1du66qlw.png Figure 7. Neuronal traveling wave phenomena are allor-none events: one small change in the control parameter separates activity propagation from propagation failure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-co-evolution-of-traveling-wave-speed-and-tp0c1tc2.png Figure 8. Co-evolution of traveling wave speed and acceleration in the presence of the demyelination perturbation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-dynamics-of-the-traveling-wave-induced-by-a-non-ozoz9w5e.png Figure 9. Dynamics of the traveling wave induced by a non-conducting gap The simulation consists of a wave traveling at a constant speed cfast, located at x = 6 there is the non-conducting gap of “dead neurons”, which do not spike or synapse. The gap is relative to the synaptic space constant σ, and determined by the ratio: dead gap = α ∗ σ To compute αcritical, we uniformly sampled one hundred points between 0 and 1. Then iterated between 0.8 and 0.86, to find αcritical with 4-point decimal accuracy. Left Panel The wave travels at a constant speed arriving at x = 6 (black trace). The green and magenta traces show the speed of the wave after the non-conducting gap results from multiple simulations; green curves represent α < αcritical, and magenta represent α > αcritical. As the non-conducting gap becomes larger, the wave speed after the break decreases. Larger gaps induce propagation failure. Middle Panel Speed after the gap for the simulations with α near αcritical. The green and magenta traces show a critical qualitative change in traveling wave evolution as a result of a small parameter change. Right Panel The speed after the gap is a monotonically decreasing function of the gap size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stable-and-unstable-fixed-points-of-the-wave-18ykdekc.png Figure 2. Stable and unstable fixed points of the wave propagation system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-smallest-gap-lengths-that-induce-propagation-59ge7iuv.png Figure 10. The smallest gap lengths that induce propagation failure gap=σα. Networks with strong excitatory coupling allow for robust wave propagation. The curve above shows as gsyn increases, αcritical must also increase to produce propagation failure. Intuitively, this indicates that when overall network excitation is larger, more drastic reduction in the non-conducting gap is needed to produce propagation failure. Curve fit analysis demonstrated the power function was a good fit for the curve. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correspondence-between-numerical-results-and-2deqsmbw.png Figure 4. Correspondence between numerical results and analytical solutions. These graphs show the agreement between numerical results and the mathematical framework from the derivations. The left panel shows the delay computed from equation (7) and the delay from numerical simulations. The ratio of the slopes is 0.88 The middle panel shows the speed computed from equation (9) and the speed from numerical simulations. The ratio of the slopes is 0.84 The right panel shows the acceleration computed from equation (10) and the acceleration from numerical simulations. The ratio of the slopes is 0.89 https://scispace.com/papers/synaptotagmin-13-is-a-neuroendocrine-marker-in-brain-4fr0h53h90 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2hwgyt06.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-vcb55huy.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-b13wvtqg.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2iiia1qy.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/synchronization-in-networks-of-linear-singularly-perturbed-e6j598m67w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-trajectories-of-the-x-components-of-system-4-the-red-2vrioabm.png Fig. 1. Trajectories of the x components of system (4). The red bullet is the stable equilibrium x∗ of (7). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-trajectories-of-z-solid-and-zs-zf-dotted-33uhc4ok.png Fig. 4. The trajectories of z̃ (solid) and z̃s + z̃f (dotted) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-trajectories-of-x-solid-and-xs-dotted-1zotb09g.png Fig. 3. The trajectories of x̃ (solid) and x̃s (dotted) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-slow-and-fast-manifolds-39uzymse.png Fig. 2. Slow and fast manifolds https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-fast-part-of-z-components-zfi-i-1-n-25zdem35.png Fig. 5. The fast part of z̃ components z̃fi ∀i ∈ {1, . . . , n} https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-differences-xi-xj-i-6-j-1-n-2q6p4dea.png Fig. 6. The differences xi − xj , ∀i 6= j ∈ {1, . . . , n} https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-trajectories-of-system-3b59vsa9.png Fig. 7. The trajectories of system https://scispace.com/papers/synchronization-and-control-of-chaos-in-coupled-chaotic-4p8pkhz77u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-correlation-index-vs-coupling-strength-under-30rclx75.png Fig. 15. Correlation index vs. coupling strength under bidirectional difference coupling scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-series-plots-for-laser-1-and-laser-2-for-the-3kmamxoy.png Fig. 1. Time series plots for laser 1 and laser 2 for the coupling strength K = 0.002 under unidirectional direct coupling scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-series-plots-for-laser-1-and-laser-2-for-the-32qhqv3k.png Fig. 4. Time series plots for laser 1 and laser 2 for the coupling strength K = 0.002 under unidirectional difference coupling scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-series-plots-for-laser-1-and-laser-2-for-the-3d5ih65i.png Fig. 5. Time series plots for laser 1 and laser 2 for the coupling strength K = 0.006 under unidirectional difference coupling scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-similarity-function-vs-coupling-strength-for-both-3i10p8wh.png Fig. 3. Similarity function vs. coupling strength for both phase and intensity for two, coupled two mode chaotic lasers under unidirectional direct coupling scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-series-plots-for-laser-1-and-laser-2-for-the-1qft5ph4.png Fig. 2. Time series plots for laser 1 and laser 2 for the coupling strength K = 0.8 under unidirectional direct coupling scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-time-series-plots-for-lasers-1-and-2-for-the-coupling-3058li0y.png Fig. 8. Time series plots for lasers 1 and 2 for the coupling strength K = 0.0072 under bidirectional direct coupling scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-correlation-index-vs-coupling-strength-under-3ly9ovq3.png Fig. 7. Correlation index vs. coupling strength under unidirectional difference coupling scheme. https://scispace.com/papers/synchronization-and-maximum-lyapunov-exponents-of-cellular-1igj4fkuwv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mle-of-totalistic-ca-with-r-5456-versusrm-the-1mqtadb1.png FIG. 1. MLE of totalistic CA with r 54,5,6 versusrm. The continuous line represents the mean field approximationl̃ 5 ln(rm). The dashed line marks the thresholdrmc . https://scispace.com/papers/synchronous-brain-metastases-as-a-poor-prognosis-factor-in-47cy581wbn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2u6ctdaw.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-i0i6upyf.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-uh641st6.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/synchronous-frequency-grid-dynamics-in-the-presence-of-a-3ibcebgsan 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-test-results-for-the-3-gw-power-loss-scenario-with-1vtejwqv.png TABLE V TEST RESULTS FOR THE 3 GW POWER LOSS SCENARIO WITH SEVERAL THRESHOLDS, VALUES OF VARIANCE, PENETRATION OF PV. THE NETWORK LOAD SCENARIO WAS 440 GW. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-switching-behaviour-of-a-single-photovoltaic-panel-1w98l1v5.png TABLE I SWITCHING BEHAVIOUR OF A SINGLE PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL WITHIN THE POWER NETWORK AT TIME k. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simulations-for-a-power-generation-loss-of-3-gw-3pxekzf0.png Figure 5. Simulations for a power generation loss of 3 GW with several values of variance of the Gaussian distribution for the thresholds. The mean value for the distributions are 49.5 Hz and 50.5 Hz in underfrequency and overfrequency, respectively, with a 40% penetration of solar power generation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simulations-for-a-power-generation-loss-of-3-gw-rkzqcdal.png Figure 6. Simulations for a power generation loss of 3 GW with several values of variance of the χ2 distribution for the thresholds. The solar power penetration is around 10% in a 220 GW load demand network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-time-inhomogeneous-markov-chain-model-for-the-2e9dlbci.png Figure 1. A time inhomogeneous Markov chain model for the aggregated dynamics, without delays. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-markov-model-for-the-aggregated-dynamics-with-140riyn7.png Figure 2. A Markov model for the aggregated dynamics, with delays. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-abstraction-of-the-markov-model-in-fig-2-with-16dvtcep.png Figure 3. Abstraction of the Markov model in Fig. 2, with dynamics of aggregated delays. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-test-results-for-the-2-gw-load-loss-scenario-with-15jvupap.png TABLE II TEST RESULTS FOR THE 2 GW LOAD LOSS SCENARIO WITH SEVERAL THRESHOLDS, VALUES OF VARIANCE, PENETRATION OF PV. THE NETWORK LOAD SCENARIO WAS 220 GW. https://scispace.com/papers/synchronous-tropical-and-polar-temperature-evolution-in-the-2kkvharyjn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-proxy-model-synthesis-of-eocene-temperatures-a-top-2pp78cis.png Fig. 3 | Proxy–model synthesis of Eocene temperatures. a, Top, tropical SST compilation (red) and LOESS model (black line) with 95% confidence interval (grey shading). Bottom, deep-ocean temperatures from Fig. 2c. Open squares are mean modelled tropical SSTs and deep-ocean temperatures of simulations EO1 (560 p.p.m. CO2), EO2 (1,120 p.p.m. CO2), EO3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-eocene-global-climate-evolution-a-co2-record-from-1k539zjw.png Fig. 2 | Eocene global climate evolution. a, CO2 record from boron isotopes from the TDP (orange squares; error bars represent 68% confidence intervals) and alkenones from ODP Sites 612 and 925 (yellow and orange circles; uncertainties from original studies); data sources are provided in Methods. b, TEX86 H -based SST record for Site 959 (red) and additional tropical compilation (pink; see Extended Data Fig. 5). The https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-linear-relationship-between-deep-ocean-and-tropical-1lqrl33m.png Fig. 4 | Linear relationship between deep-ocean and tropical sea surface temperature. a, Proxy data (58–34 Myr ago, in 1-Myr bins; errors are 1 s.d. due to binning) and model results (open squares are model means for tropical compilation locations) of deep-ocean temperature against tropical SST. Slopes of Deming regressions (lines) represent the polar amplification https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-palaeogeographic-reconstruction-of-the-studied-sites-3cn0wgpv.png Fig. 1 | Palaeogeographic reconstruction of the studied sites 40 million years ago. The figure shows the approximate palaeoposition of the studied site (ODP Site 959) and the main sites that we used to produce a tropical SST compilation: ODP sites 865, 925 and 929; Tanzania Drilling Project (TDP); Sagamu Quarry (SQ) and IB10B Core, Nigeria. Continental plates are shown in dark grey. Light-grey gridlines represent latitudes and longitudes, with 30° spacing. The map was generated with GPlates, using the rotation frame and tectonic reconstruction of Matthews et al.30. https://scispace.com/papers/synchronous-scan-fluorescence-of-algal-cells-for-toxicity-k8uvcvswx0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-synchronous-fluorescence-of-immobilized-c-vulgaris-pcmc3qur.png Fig 4:. Synchronous fluorescence of immobilized “C. vulgaris” cells (35×106 cells/mL) as a function of herbicide concentration for various types of herbicides using Δλ=20 nm, and the fluorescence peak at 670 nm after 1 h contact time. Fluorescence intensity is expressed in arbitrary unit (au). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-synchronous-fluorescence-quenching-of-immobilized-c-2pjesbcf.png Fig 3: Synchronous fluorescence quenching of immobilized “C. vulgaris” cells (35×106 cells/mL) by cadmium ions as a function of Cd concentration after various periods of incubation time (1–7 days), using Δλ=20 nm and the fluorescence peak at 670 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-synchronous-fluorescence-spectroscopy-of-c-vulgaris-2jlk48su.png Fig 2: Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy of “C. vulgaris” cells (35×106 cells/mL) in suspension in water (pH 7) and immobilized in a silica gel using Δλ=20 nm between excitation and emission wavelengths. Fluorescence intensity is expressed in arbitrary unit (au). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-synchronous-fluorescence-spectroscopy-of-chlorella-uw6u811f.png Fig 1: Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy of “Chlorella vulgaris” cells in suspension in water (35×106 cells/mL, pH 7) in the absence (W) and in the presence (Cd) of cadmium (16 ppb) using various wavelength differences (Δλ=20–140 nm) between excitation and emission wavelengths. Fluorescence intensity is expressed in arbitrary unit (au). https://scispace.com/papers/synchronous-motor-observability-study-and-an-improved-zero-15vkgdnnzp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-trajectory-e1-f-e1-finite-time-convergence-2uebhhro.png Fig. 1. The trajectory ˙e1 = f (e1): Finite time convergence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-estimator-observer-swapping-a-real-and-estimated-rotor-144dk9yy.png Fig. 4. Estimator/Observer Swapping: (a) Real and estimated rotor speed (rad/s), (b) Real and estimated rotor position (rad) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-observer-only-a-real-and-estimated-rotor-speed-rad-3qyetgfj.png Fig. 3. The observer only: (a) Real and estimated rotor speed(rad/s), (b) Real and estimated rotor position (rad) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-benchmark-trajectories-a-reference-speed-rad-s-b-load-1ugm7ted.png Fig. 2. Benchmark trajectories: (a) Reference speed (rad/s), (b) Load torque(N.m) https://scispace.com/papers/synchrophasor-applications-for-distributed-energy-resource-7ozwv9v8pq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dynamic-line-rating-1w1eg351.png Figure 4: Dynamic line rating https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-network-example-for-network-3155cbv6.png Figure 2: Distribution network example for network https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distributed-control-and-management-hierarchy-ijp4ccst.png Figure 1: Distributed control and management hierarchy https://scispace.com/papers/synchrotron-radiation-from-electron-beams-in-plasma-focusing-1wzthb6zmg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-normalized-spectrum-d2i-dod-arbitrary-units-versus-2m4ly1yc.png FIG. 6. Normalized spectrum d2I/dωδΩ (arbitrary units) versus normalized frequency k̂ and angle θ̂ from a single electron with aβ = 2 and Nβ = 4 for (a) φ = 0 and (b) φ = π/2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-normalized-spectrum-d2i-dod-arbitrary-units-versus-3jjw09kg.png FIG. 8. Normalized spectrum d2I/dωδΩ (arbitrary units) versus normalized frequency k̂ and angle θ̂ after (a) averaging over φ with aβ = 2 and (b) averaging over both φ and aβ with arms = 2 and Nβ = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-intensity-distributions-arbitrary-units-in-the-x-gz0x-35r3digt.png FIG. 2. Intensity distributions (arbitrary units) in the x̂ = γz0x/z and ŷ = γz0y/z plane for the first four harmonics n = 1 (upper left), 2, 3, and 4 (lower right) for aβ = 2. The distributions are evaluated at the normalized resonant frequency k̂ = k̂n = n/(1 + a2β/2 + θ̂ 2), the value of which is indicated by the color scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-an-electron-undergoing-betatron-17ke6w20.png FIG. 1. Schematic of an electron undergoing betatron oscillations in a plasma focusing channel and emitting synchrotron radiation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-function-y-x-x2k22-3-x-versus-o-2g-2-z0ob-plotted-3mkmlosy.png FIG. 4. The function Y (ξ) = ξ2K22/3(ξ) versus ω/2γ 2 z0ωβ plotted on a linear (top) and log (bottom) scale. The solid curve shows the radiation from a single electron with aβ = γz0kβrβ = 10. The dashed curve shows the spectrum integrated over a Gaussian distribution of betatron amplitudes rβ with aβ,rms = γz0kβrβ,rms = 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-normalized-spectrum-d2i-dod-arbitrary-units-versus-278cnde1.png FIG. 7. Normalized spectrum d2I/dωδΩ (arbitrary units) versus normalized frequency k̂ and angle θ̂ after averaging over a Gaussian aβ distribution with arms = 2 and Nβ = 4 for (a) φ = 0 and (b) φ = π/2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-normalized-spectrum-d2i-0-dod-arbitrary-units-versus-o-3b2b77lw.png FIG. 5. Normalized spectrum d2I(0)/dωδΩ (arbitrary units) versus ω/2γ2z0ωβ from a single electron with aβ = 2 (solid curve), Eq. (52), and from the analytic theory of a Gaussian beam with arms = 2 (dashed curve), Eq. (82), for the first several odd harmonics with Nβ = 4. The bottom plot is a blow-up of the top plot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-functions-fn-1-a2b-2-top-and-fn-n-bottom-versus-an-1h2xjk7k.png FIG. 3. The functions Fn/(1+a2β/2) (top) and Fn/n (bottom) versus αn/n = (a 2 β/4)/(1+a 2 β/2) for the first eight odd harmonics, where n = 1 is the leftmost curve and n = 15 is the rightmost curve. https://scispace.com/papers/synchrotron-radiation-spectroscopic-techniques-as-tools-for-4159sd5xyg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-physical-events-associated-with-xrf-spectroscopy-2q08ou9o.png Figure 1. Physical events associated with XRF spectroscopy that lead to the emission of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-experimental-setup-employed-for-xas-data-collection-171rsxel.png Figure 4. Experimental setup employed for XAS data collection. Reprinted from: Chapter 11. Synchrotron radiation X-Ray spectroscopy for investigations of intracellular https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-typical-xas-spectrum-defining-the-xanes-and-exafs-1qlubupb.png Figure 5. Typical XAS spectrum defining the XANES and EXAFS regions and showing typical https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-microprobe-srxrf-elemental-maps-of-a549-cells-ypbpf114.png Figure 3. Microprobe SRXRF elemental maps of A549 cells following treatment with : (A) cell media only; (B) Ni(phen)2(dppz)] 2+ (960 µM), or (C) [Pt(56MESS)] (490 µM). The https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-microprobe-sr-xrf-maps-of-p-s-cl-k-ca-zn-cu-and-as-2y89f2b9.png Figure 2. Microprobe SR-XRF maps of P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Zn, Cu and As obtained from a thinsectioned HepG2 cell that had been treated with arsenite (1 mM, 4 h). Scan https://scispace.com/papers/syndicated-loan-spreads-and-the-composition-of-the-syndicate-4lf9tb3szy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-does-the-type-of-non-bank-syndicate-member-affect-3tdy4ksu.png Table VI. Does the type of non-bank syndicate member affect the pricing of the loan facility? This table presents the OLS regression coefficient estimates of Equation (1) and corresponding p-values, with the non-bank institutions broken down by the type of institution. Definitions of all variables are provided in Appendix A. The dependent variable is the all-in-drawn loan spread over LIBOR in basis points, and the analysis is conducted at the loan facility level. Column (1) uses the full sample of loan facilities and column (2) uses the sub-sample of nonbank loan facilities. All specifications include facility-type fixed effects, facility-purpose fixed effects, and year fixed effects. Standard errors are clustered at the firm level. ***, **, * correspond to statistical significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% level, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-does-the-type-of-non-bank-syndicate-member-affect-3dr6ugnt.png Table VII. Does the type of non-bank syndicate member affect the pricing of the loan facility? – Within-loan analysis This table presents the OLS regression coefficient estimates of Equation (2) and corresponding p-values on the sample of loans that have multiple facilities. Definitions of all variables are provided in Appendix A. The dependent variable is the spread gap between the all-in-drawn spreads of different facilities within the same loan in basis points. The indicator variable indicating the type of non-bank syndicate member measures the incremental effect on spread gap of that type of non-bank institution participating in the syndicate of the loan facility, and the control variables are intended to capture other differences between the facilities. Column (1) presents estimates for the sub-sample of 252 facility pairs that have both Term Loan A and Term Loan B facilities, and Column (2) estimates for the subsample of 1,615 facility pairs that have both a Term Loan B facility and a Revolver. All specifications include firmlevel control variables, facility-purpose fixed effects and year fixed effects. Standard errors are clustered at the firm level. ***, **, * correspond to statistical significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% level, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-do-loan-facilities-with-non-bank-syndicate-members-1m92vt9n.png Table IV. Do loan facilities with non-bank syndicate members have higher or lower spreads? This table presents the OLS regression coefficient estimates of Equation (1) and corresponding p-values. Definitions of all variables are provided in Appendix A. The dependent variable is the all-in-drawn loan spread over LIBOR in basis points, and the analysis is conducted at the loan facility level. Panel A reports the results for regressions estimated by type of facility. Panel B reports the results for regression estimated by credit rating groupings for the sub-sample of firms with S&P issuer credit ratings. The number of loan facilities for which all required data are not missing is 12,346. All specifications include facility-purpose fixed effects and year fixed effects. The specifications in Column (1) of Panel A and all columns in Panel B additionally include facility-type fixed effects, because they consider the full sample of all facility types. Standard errors are clustered at the firm level. ***, **, * correspond to statistical significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% level, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-uses-of-loan-facility-proceeds-1ipl2ejz.png Table X. Uses of loan facility proceeds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-distribution-of-payment-period-by-facility-type-2mcd8jvm.png Figure A.1. Distribution of Payment Period by Facility Type https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-does-the-size-of-non-bank-institutional-syndicate-h66nkhfy.png Table VIII. Does the size of non-bank institutional syndicate members’ loan facility share affect the pricing of the loan facility? This table presents the OLS regression coefficient estimates of Equation (1) and corresponding p-values. Equation (1) is augmented to include a measure of the nonbank syndicate members’ share in the loan facility (Columns (1) and (3)) and whether a non-bank syndicate member is the largest lender (Columns (2) and (4)). Definitions of all variables are provided in Appendix A. The dependent variable is the all-in-drawn loan spread over LIBOR in basis points, and the analysis is conducted at the loan facility level. Columns (1) and (2) use the full sample of loan facilities and Columns (3) and (4) use the sub-sample of non-bank loan facilities. All specifications include facility-type fixed effects, facility-purpose fixed effects, and year fixed effects. Standard errors are clustered at the firm level. ***, **, * correspond to statistical significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% level, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-is-the-non-bank-premium-driven-by-unobservable-o706yc9u.png Table V. Is the non-bank premium driven by unobservable heterogeneity across firms? Panel A presents the OLS regression coefficient estimates of Equation (2) and corresponding p-values on the sample of loans that have multiple facilities. Definitions of all variables are provided in Appendix A. The dependent variable is the spread gap between the all-in-drawn spreads of different facilities within the same loan in basis points. The indicator variable denoting the non-bank facility measures the incremental effect on spread gap of the non-bank institution participating in the syndicate of the loan facility, and the control variables are intended to capture other differences between the facilities. Column (1) of Panel A presents estimates for the sub-sample of 246 facility pairs that have both Term Loan A and Term Loan B facilities, and Columns (2) and (3) present estimates for the subsample of 1,608 facility pairs that have both a Term Loan B facility and a Revolver. Panel B presents the OLS regression coefficient estimates of Equation (1) and corresponding p-values on the sample of non-bank loan facilities and the matched bank-only loan facilities of the same facility type. Column (1) employs 106 loans (217 facilities) that have both a non-bank facility and a bank-only facility of the same facility type within the same loan. Column (3) considers 420 non-bank loan facilities and 421 matched bank-only loan facilities of the same facility type issued by the same borrower in the same year, but not necessarily in the same loan. Number of observations drops in Column (2) and (4), as we include firm-level control variables. All specifications include facility-purpose fixed effects and year fixed effects. All regressions in Panel B additionally include facility type fixed effects. Standard errors are clustered at the firm level. ***, **, * correspond to statistical significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% level, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-do-the-equity-holdings-by-non-bank-syndicate-bi402yb1.png Table IX. Do the equity holdings by non-bank syndicate members affect the pricing of the loan facility? This table presents the OLS regression coefficient estimates of Equation (1) and corresponding p-values with indicator variables denoting whether the type of non-bank institution also owned at least 0.1% of the firm’s outstanding equity during the one-year prior to the origination of the loan (non-bank syndicate member is a dualholder). Column (1) includes an indicator variable measuring whether any type of non-bank syndicate member is a dual-holder. Column (2) includes indicator variables denoting the type of non-bank institution and whether that type of non-bank institution is a dual-holder. Column (3) includes indicator variables denoting the non-bank syndicate member is the largest lender and a dual-holder. Definitions of all variables are provided in Appendix A. The dependent variable is the all-in-drawn loan spread over LIBOR in basis points, and the analysis is conducted at the loan facility level. All specifications include facility-type fixed effects, facility-purpose fixed effects, and year fixed effects. Standard errors are clustered at the firm level. ***, **, * correspond to statistical significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% level, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/synchrotron-x-rays-for-microstructural-investigations-of-1vbbxb1ccz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-normalized-xmcd-spectra-of-a-fe-6-pct-cr-and-b-fe-12-fgcxmhpm.png Fig. 7—Normalized XMCD spectra of (a) Fe-6 pct Cr and (b) Fe-12 pct Cr alloys determined by taking the difference between the absorption spectra of Figs. 6(a) and (b) and by multiplying the difference by a factor of 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-normalized-x-ray-absorption-spectra-recorded-at-fel23-3fs7eqlk.png Fig. 6—Normalized X-ray absorption spectra recorded at FeL2,3 edges for opposite directions of magnetization (circle line and solid line) and fixed beam polarization helicity on (a) Fe-6 pct Cr and (b) Fe-12 pct Cr alloys. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-chemical-compositions-of-the-materials-investigated-w2qcgnxa.png Table II. Chemical Compositions of the Materials Investigated (Weight Percent) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-characteristics-of-x-ray-beamlines-with-respect-to-epu4q987.png Table I. Characteristics of X-Ray Beamlines with Respect to Damage Analyses https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scheme-of-the-peem-where-ccd-is-the-charged-coupled-1v2s4wni.png Fig. 1—Scheme of the PEEM, where CCD is the charged coupled device camera (source: F. Nolting PSI). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fourier-transforms-of-yttrium-exafs-signals-v-k-14i7kl6p.png Fig. 2—Fourier transforms of yttrium EXAFS signals v(k) (multiplied with the cube of the wave vector k) for irradiated (upper signal presented with an offset of 3 Å-4 for better distinction) and unirradiated (lower signal) sample. x(k) is the transformation window. Radial distribution function of irradiated sample is an averaged curve from five measured locations, including two error lines, which represent the standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-zircaloy-4-recrystallized-after-100-pct-deformation-by-12wmg038.png Fig. 4—Zircaloy 4 recrystallized after 100 pct deformation by cold rolling. Developed nanocrystals are clearly visible (TEM dark-field micrograph). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relative-change-of-next-neighbors-in-the-third-shell-94psehm3.png Fig. 3—Relative change of next neighbors in the third shell in Zircaloy determined by EXAFS analysis (data replotted from Ref. 7). https://scispace.com/papers/synchrotron-x-ray-topography-study-of-defects-in-epitaxial-47b5cvtcd5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-511-b-511-c-511-and-d-531-large-area-topograph-2946gga5.png Fig. 4. a) 5̄1̄1 b) 5̄11 c) 511 and d) 531 large area topograph enlargements of a precipitate in a Ge/GaAs sample with the 210 nm epilayer. Diffraction vectors are marked with g. Image size is 100 µm× 100 µm for all the enlargements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-117-back-reflection-section-topograph-of-a-ge-gaas-2ti8y4mv.png Fig. 3. 117 back-reflection section topograph of a Ge/GaAs sample having 600 nm thick epilayer. Because the GaAs epilayer is strained, its section image is shifted above the substrate section image. Diffraction vector is marked with g. Image width is 2 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-drawing-of-a-ge-gaas-sample-the-drawing-is-2mbzp59v.png Fig. 1. Schematic drawing of a Ge/GaAs sample. The drawing is not in scale. Some samples had only one of the GaAs epilayers deposited. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-511-and-b-511-large-area-transmission-topographs-of-1ntgvntm.png Fig. 2. a) 51̄1 and b) 511 Large area transmission topographs of a Ge/GaAs sample showing dislocations in Ge substrate and GaAs epilayer. Dislocation density in both Ge and GaAs was measured to be 250 − 500 cm−2, and no additional dislocations were produced by GaAs growth. Disappearing images of threading dislocations having Burgers vectors of type 〈011〉 are marked with arrows D and a precipitate with P . Projections of the diffraction vectors g are shown in top right corners of the topographs. Image size is 2 mm× 1 mm for both topographs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-511-large-area-transmission-and-b-004-large-area-56hidmw8.png Fig. 5. a) 51̄1 large area transmission and b) 004 large area back-reflection topographs of a sample having 750 nm GaAs epilayer on Ge substrate. The sample displays a misfit dislocation network between Ge substrate and GaAs epilayer. Diffraction vectors are marked with g. Image size is 1.6 mm× 1.6 mm for both topographs. https://scispace.com/papers/synergetic-effects-of-double-laser-pulses-for-the-formation-4ox5qsl0sa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-peak-shift-of-the-396-nm-line-for-the-al-target-in-3yxuk8m8.png FIG. 3. Peak shift of the 396 nm line for the Al target in water as a function of (a) pulse interval and (b) energy of the second pulse. (c) Similar to (a) but in air. For (a) and (c) the first and second pulse energies were 0.4 mJ and 1.0 mJ, respectively. In (b) the results with the first pulse energies of 0.4 mJ and 0.2 mJ were shown by open and closed circles, respectively. In (c) the shifts obtained by a single 0.4-mJ-pulse irradiation is indicated by a broken line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-simultaneous-imaging-of-the-emission-region-and-1fggrnua.png FIG. 4. (a) Simultaneous imaging of the emission region and cavitation bubble into a single photograph. The Al target in water was irradiated by the two pulses with the energies of 0.8 mJ (first pulse) and 1.0 mJ (second pulse) with a pulse interval of 15 μs. The photograph was obtained by the ICCD camera with the gate window from 100 ns before the second pulse to 400 ns after the second pulse. The intensity profile along the solid red line shown in (a) is given in (b) by averaging over the 10 adjacent pixels. To clearly see the boundary of the bubble, a magnified profile is also shown in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-emission-spectra-obtained-by-using-a-multi-pulse-2jwim69l.png FIG. 5. Emission spectra obtained by using a multi-pulse microchip laser as an excitation source. (a) Al and (b) Cu as targets in water. The solid lines in (a) and (b) were obtained with the gate which started 40 μs before the first pulse lasts for 300 μs, and hence the entire emission was integrated. The dotted line in (b) was obtained with the gate which started 500 ns after the first pulse and lasts for 10 μs, and hence the emission induced by the first pulse only was integrated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-column-emission-spectra-obtained-by-the-1pvxw4x6.png FIG. 2. (Left column) Emission spectra obtained by the irradiation of Al metal target in water by two pulses with various pulse intervals. The integration of the signal was performed in a way equivalent to the non-gated measurement. The energies of the first and second pulses were 0.4 mJ and 1.0 mJ, respectively. (Center column) Same as those in the left column but with the second pulse energy of 10 mJ. (Right column) The shadowgraph images at different delays after the first pulse. Note that the second pulse was absent when the shadowgraphs were taken. https://scispace.com/papers/synergism-and-context-dependency-of-interactions-between-3lhwbrzw1n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effects-of-rhizobia-strain-and-nutrient-treatments-on-3kqpxacz.png FIG. 3. Effects of rhizobia strain and nutrient treatments on AMF hyphal colonization density, that is, the proportion of AMF hyphae infecting plant roots (mean 6 SE). White bars represent non-rhizobia treatments and shaded bars represent the two rhizobia strains. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effects-of-phosphorus-fertilization-on-the-interactive-2xekrjcs.png FIG. 2. Effects of phosphorus fertilization on the interactive effect of AMF inocula and rhizobia strain on total plant biomass (mean 6 SE). Shaded bars represent the two rhizobia strains. Sterile soil controls and non-rhizobia treatments are not included. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effects-of-biotic-treatments-on-a-plant-total-biomass-3r6wa09j.png FIG. 1. Effects of biotic treatments on (a) plant total biomass, (b) taproot biomass, and (c) the number of nodules per gram of plant root (mean 6 SE). White bars represent non-rhizobia treatments and shaded bars represent the two rhizobia strains. Nonrhizobia treatments are not included in panel (c), as those treatments produced negligible nodules. https://scispace.com/papers/synergistic-anti-proliferation-and-anti-angiogenesis-effects-48vznk3b32 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1wae6ycw.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3p9pmxh5.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3axfxs86.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/synergistic-inhibitory-effect-of-human-umbilical-cord-matrix-25amdlsewx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-354cdiav.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3c443555.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/synergistic-degradation-of-diazo-dye-direct-red-5b-by-3lz03s0knk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-decrease-in-absorbance-of-dr5b-after-treatment-by-2kabd43r.png Fig. 3 Decrease in absorbance of DR5B after treatment by Pseudomonas putida, Portulaca grandiflora and consortium-PP in 96 h https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-uv-vis-spectrophotometric-analysis-of-dr5b-and-fg2ujccm.png Fig. 2 UV–Vis spectrophotometric analysis of DR5B and metabolites formed by Pseudomonas putida, Portulaca grandiflora and consortium-PP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ftir-analysis-of-a-dr5b-and-its-metabolites-formed-by-ljf7gygw.png Fig. 4 FTIR analysis of a DR5B and its metabolites formed by b Pseudomonas putida, c Portulaca grandiflora and d consortium-PP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-pathways-of-degradation-of-dr5b-by-a-pseudomonas-l270i971.png Fig. 6 Pathways of degradation of DR5B by a Pseudomonas putida, b Portulaca grandiflora and c consortium-PP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phylogenetic-analysis-of-16-s-rdna-sequence-of-om9th1mg.png Fig. 1 Phylogenetic analysis of 16 s rDNA sequence of Pseudomonas putida stain PgH. The percent numbers at the nodes indicate the levels of bootstrap support based on neighbor-joining analyses. The scale bar (1) indicates the genetic distance https://scispace.com/papers/synergistic-noncovalent-catalysis-facilitates-base-free-4g7yo7xi7y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-chemical-structure-of-non-covalent-michael-upkxc4yh.png Figure 1. (a) Chemical structure of non-covalent Michael addition cage catalysts. The large, non-coordinating BArF counteranions create a highly polar, coulombically-frustrated cavity that can provide significant reactive intermediate and transition state stabilization. (b) Electrostatic potential (ESP) slices of cages C1 and C2 on the xz plane containing two opposing ligands and the two metal centers. Positive values (red) indicate increases in the electron density, while negative values (blue) indicate electron density reductions. Arrows represent the electric field defined from negative to positive (∇ESP) where the length corresponds to the magnitude. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stereoselective-cage-catalysis-a-the-dbu-catalyzed-d80sms1o.png Figure 2. Stereoselective cage catalysis. (a) The DBU catalyzed formation of P5 give all four diastereomers, P5a-d whereas C1 produces only the pair of anti-diastereoisomers P5a,b. (b) The Partial 1H NMR spectra (CD2Cl2, 500 MHz) of reaction mixtures for C1 / 18-crown-6 (top) and DBU (bottom) catalyzed reactions. The syn- and anti-diastereomers are colored green and red. (c) Partial 1H NMR spectra (CD2Cl2, 600 MHz) for the titration of C1 into diastereomers P5a-d. The C1 signals corresponds to the inward facing o-pyridyl proton. The intensity of the C1 signal has been normalized to match the resonances of P5a-d. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-c1-18-crown-6-with-other-non-1dl2cqqq.png Table 1. Comparison of the C1 / 18-crown-6 with other non-covalent catalyst systems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stereoselective-catalytic-pathway-top-an-initial-q061908g.png Figure 3. Stereoselective catalytic pathway. Top: An initial intramolecular proton-transfer would generate the observed antidiastereoselectivity. Bottom: Most stable encapsulated diastereomeric conformer of P5-I1− calculated at the SMD(DCM)-M062X/def2-TZVP//PBE0-D3BJ/def2-SVP level of theory. https://scispace.com/papers/synergistic-interaction-of-variants-in-chek2-and-brca2-on-igyk6wkboy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-combined-effect-of-chek2-and-brca2-t1915m-variants-1jdruk8r.png Table 3 Combined effect of CHEK2 and BRCA2 T1915M variants on breast cancer risk (cases from Poland and Belarus combined) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-combined-effect-of-chek2-missense-variant-i157t-and-1prrj3z4.png Table 4 Combined effect of CHEK2 missense variant (I157T) and BRCA2 T1915M variant on breast cancer risk (cases from Belarus and Poland combined) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-combined-effect-of-chek2-and-brca2-t1915m-variants-1zl91suy.png Table 2 Combined effect of CHEK2 and BRCA2 T1915M variants on breast cancer risk (cases from Belarus only) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-combined-effect-of-chek2-and-brca2-t1915m-variants-2w8x6sl0.png Table 1 Combined effect of CHEK2 and BRCA2 T1915M variants on breast cancer risk (cases from Poland only) https://scispace.com/papers/synergy-between-synthetic-aperture-radar-and-other-sensors-4k3yn4taxx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sampling-characteristics-of-several-thermal-m8cqqqmi.png Figure 1: Sampling characteristics of several thermal infrared and visible sensors and ERS SAR for the monitoring of a number of coastal processes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-images-off-the-scottish-north-coast-acquired-on-2oupym8p.png Figure 6: Images off the Scottish North coast acquired on October 7, 1995, (a) ERS SAR image acquired at 11:29 UTC, size of the imaged area: 100 × 100 km2; (b) 11 µm brightness temperature image acquired at 11:58 UTC, size of the imaged area: approximately 450 × 450 km2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-images-of-the-iceland-faeroer-front-acquired-on-3k71jtxt.png Figure 7: Images of the Iceland-Faeroer front acquired on October 9, 1995; size of imaged area: 100 × 60 km2; (a) ERS SAR image acquired at 12:06 UTC; (b) 11 µm brightness temperature image acquired at 12:36 UTC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-images-of-the-southern-magellan-strait-near-the-1kr7uf6w.png Figure 3: Images of the southern Magellan Strait near the Antarctic peninsula (63°S, 63°W) acquired on November 9, 1995; size of the imaged area is approximately 100 × 150 km2. (a) Composite of two ERS SAR images acquired at 13:08 UTC; (b) composite of two ATSR derived SST images acquired at 13:38 UTC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-images-of-the-southern-baltic-56deg30-n-17dege-2ejcfaea.png Figure 8: Images of the southern Baltic (56°30'N, 17°E) acquired on July 28, 1999. (a) Radarsat image acquired at 16:14 UTC, size of the imaged area: 100 × 100 km2; (b) SeaWiFS colour composite of the 670 nm, 555 nm and 490 nm channels (as RGB), acquired at 11:15 UTC, size of the imaged area: approximately 400 × 400 km2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-images-of-the-southern-north-sea-52deg30-n-4deg30-e-10c9r87i.png Figure 4: Images of the Southern North Sea (52°30'N, 4°30'E) acquired on May 18, 1998; size of the imaged area is approximately 100 × 100 km2. (a) ERS SAR image acquired at 10:40 UTC; (b) AVHRR derived SST image acquired at 13:30 UTC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-images-of-the-iberian-shelf-37degn-9degw-acquired-20wavy2s.png Figure 5: Images of the Iberian Shelf (37°N, 9°W) acquired on September 3, 1999; size of the imaged area is approximately 100 × 100 km2. (a) ERS SAR image acquired at 11:19 UTC; (b) AVHRR derived SST image acquired at 04:24 UTC. https://scispace.com/papers/synergy-of-smart-grids-and-hybrid-distributed-generation-on-4k1rnj2guv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-i-energy-prices-schemes-considerd-and-ii-case-study-1euq8z48.png Figure 2 (i) Energy prices schemes considerd and (ii) case study demand profiles: three days in winter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-illustrative-results-on-the-energy-supply-demand-38xo9bky.png Figure 4 Illustrative results on the energy supply-demand dynamics (discretized in 30 min intervals.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-a-comunitys-hybrid-3jbu0o3i.png Figure 1 Schematic representation of a comunity’s hybrid energy system and features of the case study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameters-and-variables-notations-1r6r647w.png Table 4 Parameters and variables notations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-of-the-energy-system-with-variables-and-ja1n7o97.png Figure 3 Schematic of the energy system with variables and parameters notation (Table 4). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-value-of-energy-storage-in-demand-response-cases-and-2pzz2vf5.png Table 3 Value of energy storage in demand response cases and other energy mix profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-base-case-results-analysis-annual-demand-of-2ae5wvg2.png Table 2 Base-case results analysis. Annual demand of electricity: 24.4GWh and heating: 26.3GWh. Wind generation output: 3.49GWh. CHP heat and electricity output: 12.2 GWh and 12.1 GWh. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-energy-units-data-specifications-of-parameters-half-weae1kzu.png Table 1 Energy units data specifications of parameters (half hour based) https://scispace.com/papers/synergistic-use-of-lagrangian-dispersion-modelling-satellite-3102k48qm0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-size-distribution-of-the-ash-particles-in-the-2hidcetn.png Table 1. Size distribution of the ash particles in the FLEXPART simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cloud-top-pressure-in-hpa-from-seviri-for-26-71kj68n6.png Figure 8. Cloud top pressure (in hPa) from SEVIRI, for 26 October 2013. Blue and red pixels indicate relatively low and high pressure values. The start time of the SEVIRI scan is reported at the top/left corner of each image. The cloud top altitude is obtained by comparing pressure and altitude profiles using a quasicoincident radio sounding at the WMO station in Trapani, Sicily, Italy (37.92◦ N, 12.50◦ E; 7 m above sea level), and is reported (in km) and colour-coded in the images. Partially cloud covered pixels and very thin clouds, for which no pressure is available, are respectively in light grey and grey. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-top-of-the-atmosphere-toa-and-surface-daily-3fjyky5s.png Table 2. Top of the atmosphere (TOA) and surface daily radiative forcing efficiency (RFE), as well as the ratio f = surface daily RFE/TOA daily RFE, as a function of the single scattering albedo (SSA). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-bi-hourly-forward-trajectories-of-the-volcanic-rm8xohc3.png Figure 3. (a) Bi-hourly forward trajectories of the volcanic plume, taken as the centroid of the sulfur dioxide plume, for the period 25–28 October 2013, from FLEXPART simulations. Each trajectory has temporal duration of about 3 days. Different days are identified with different colours. The position of Lampedusa is indicated with a black diamond. (b) Average altitude of the plumes for each trajectory identified in plot (a), taken as the centroid of the sulfur dioxide plume, from FLEXPART simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-d-modis-true-colour-images-showing-the-mount-etna-2bjwm3kz.png Figure 2. (a–d) MODIS true colour images showing the Mount Etna plume evolution during the period 25–27 October 2013. The position of Mount Etna is indicated with an orange triangle. The position of Lampedusa is indicated with a light green diamond. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mean-so2-volume-mixing-ratio-in-ppt-in-the-altitude-1q3xtl5p.png Figure 7. Mean SO2 volume mixing ratio (in ppt) in the altitude range from 10 to 14 km, from FLEXPART simulations, for 26 October 2013 from 09:20 to 20:20 (1 h time step, times indicated in the figure panel). Violet–grey to red pixels indicate relatively low to high mixing ratio values. The position of Lampedusa is indicated with a black diamond; the position of Mount Etna is indicated with a black cross. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-total-black-crosses-fine-mode-orange-crosses-and-39gjj85k.png Figure 11. (a) Total (black crosses), fine mode (orange crosses) and coarse mode (green crosses) aerosol optical depth measurements; (b) Ångström exponent measurements (black crosses) and daily means (black line) at Lampedusa for the period 1 October to 10 November 2013. The vertical lines indicate the period 26– 29 October 2013. The average for the period 26–29 October (grey dashed horizontal line), ± 1 standard deviation (grey dotted horizontal lines), as well as the average for the whole month of October 2013 (light grey dashed horizontal line), ± 1 standard deviation (light grey dotted horizontal lines), are also reported for the Ångström exponent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-aerosol-size-distributions-volume-distribution-in-1q4mkwjw.png Figure 12. Aerosol size distributions (volume distribution, in µm3 µm−2) at Lampedusa for some selected periods before, during and after Mount Etna’s eruption of 25–28 October 2013. The average from 1 to 24 October (black line), 25 (grey line), 26 (red line), 27 (orange line), 28 (light green line), 29 October to 10 November (dark green line) are shown. https://scispace.com/papers/synovial-fluid-detection-in-intra-articular-injections-using-1lfg1ggtip 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-80-injections-diagnosis-uvgbqmtt.png Table 1 Baseline characteristics (80 injections) Diagnosis Disease duration (year) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pooled-classification-results-and-statistical-30nk6ruv.png Table 4 Pooled classification results and statistical performance values https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-cases-of-injections-proportion-of-detections-3dk664ff.png Fig. 2 Example cases of injections. Proportion of detections within a 1-s time interval are shown as a bar plot and the impedance value as the light grey line. Small joints typically provided only Complex detections and large joints provided Pure detections. Needle movements inside the joints affected the measurement results and classification https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-24g-injection-needle-with-bioimpedance-probe-bip-e8cgtgbk.png Fig. 1 24G injection needle with bioimpedance probe (BIP) stylet connected to the measurement device. Miniature electrode configuration enables highly local and spatially precise measurement from the very tip of the needle. Reproduced from [14] https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-confusion-matrix-of-results-from-different-types-of-fgn71idm.png Table 3 Confusion matrix of results from different types of needles https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-injected-joints-n-80-and-correct-functioning-of-the-rlucio2c.png Table 2 Injected joints (N= 80) and correct functioning of the device in different joints https://scispace.com/papers/syntheses-of-combretastatins-d-1-d-2-and-d-4-via-ring-560xla1pjc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-molecular-structure-of-oxa-1-5-metaparacyclophane-1awzrh06.png Figure 2. Molecular structure of oxa[1.5]metaparacyclophane 35, as thermal ellipsoid representations at 50% probability level showing the atomic numbering schemes (H-atoms omitted). CCDC 1505171. Selected bond lengths [Å] and angles [°]: O2–C11 1.408(6), O2–C13 1.426(6), C1–C2 1.330(9), C1– C16 1.492(8), C5–C6 1.515(7), O2–C11–C9 117.6(4), O2–C11–C12 123.6(4), C5–C6–C12 121.3(4), O2–C13–C14 117.9(5), O2–C13–C18 118.3(5), O2–C13–C18–C17 151.6(5), O2–C13–C14–C15 151.4(5), C1–C16–C17–C18 –154.2(5), C16–C1–C2–C3 –2.1(9), C1–C2–C3–C4 94.6(7). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structures-of-diaryl-ether-heptanoids-20x07745.png Figure 1. Structures of diaryl ether heptanoids. https://scispace.com/papers/syntheses-of-poly-ethylene-oxide-polyurethane-ionomers-19mtflpqrq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-x-ray-spectra-of-spu400-spu400-peo1000-and-cspu400-17hgat63.png Figure 3 X-ray spectra of SPU400, SPU400/PEO1000, and CSPU400. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ir-spectra-of-a-pu-b-spu400-and-c-speo-3ooy0wn5.png Figure 2 IR spectra of (a) PU, (b) SPU400, and (c) SPEO. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-solubility-of-spu-in-water-2jyguf17.png Table II Solubility of SPU in Water https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cole-cole-plots-of-cspu4000-peodm-at-different-bt544aag.png Figure 6 Cole–Cole plots of CSPU4000/PEODM at different temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1h-nmr-spectrum-of-sdmf-in-smso-d6-at-25degc-3uvay9nl.png Figure 1 1H-NMR spectrum of SDMF in SMSO-d6 at 25°C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-analysis-results-of-samples-jxs0ic8g.png Table I Analysis Results of Samples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sem-photos-of-a-spu400-and-b-spu1000-s1z7jm7d.png Figure 4 SEM photos of (a) SPU400 and (b) SPU1000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-edx-elemental-mapping-images-of-the-sulfur-of-a-3bvnoxyn.png Figure 5 EDX elemental mapping images of the sulfur of (a) SPU400 and (b) SPU1000. https://scispace.com/papers/syntheses-structures-and-properties-of-copper-ii-cobalt-ii-3fv67i4hcs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-coordination-environment-of-cuii-ion-in-1-with-2xvbsyh1.png Figure 1. The coordination environment of CuII ion in 1 with the thermal ellipsoid at the 50% probability level. Symmetry codes: (a) 2–x, 1–y, 1–z; (b) 2.5–x; 0.5+y; +z; (c) –0.5+x, 0.5–y, 1–z; (d) 2.5–x, –0.5+y, +z; (e) –0.5+x, 1.5–y, 1–z, (f) 0.5+x, y, 0.5–z; (g) 1.5–x, 1–y, 0.5+z; (h) –0.5+x, y, 0.5–z; (i) 2.5–x, 1–y, 0.5+z. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-two-dimensional-layer-and-pseudo-three-dimensional-3qxjyggp.png Figure 4. Two dimensional layer and pseudo three dimensional supramolecular structure of complex 2. The CoO6 octahedra are shaded in grey. Intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds are presented as dark grey dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-coordination-environment-of-coii-ion-in-2-with-1yk8uji1.png Figure 3. The coordination environment of CoII ion in 2 with the thermal ellipsoid at the 40% probability level. Symmetry codes: (a) 1–x, 0.5+y, –z; (b) 1–x, 0.5+y, 1–z; (c) +x, +y, 1+z; (d) +x, +y, –1+z; (e) 1 –x, –0.5+y, 1–z; (f) 1–x, –0.5+y, –z. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-view-of-1d-chain-a-2d-layer-b-and-3d-architecture-c-qwmpg2y4.png Figure 2. View of 1D chain (a) 2D layer (b) and 3D architecture (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-coordination-environment-of-cdii-ion-in-3-with-3m49o30y.png Figure 5. The coordination environment of CdII ion in 3 with the thermal ellipsoid at the 40% probability level. Symmetry codes: (a) 1.5–y, 1.5–x, +z; (b) 1–x, 2–y, 1–z; (c) –0.5+y, 0.5+x, 1–z; (d) 1–x, 2–y, –z; (e) 0.5–x, 1.5–y, +z; (f) 0.5+y, 0.5+x, –z; (g) 1–y, 1–x, –z. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-thermal-gravimetric-curves-of-complexes-1-3-2hamg3zi.png Figure 8. Thermal gravimetric curves of complexes 1–3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-emission-spectra-in-the-solid-state-at-room-2vmv2xcm.png Figure 7. The emission spectra in the solid state at room temperature: free H4L ligand (λex = 250 nm, dot line); complex 3 (λex = 250 nm, solid line). https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-3d-structure-and-stability-analyses-of-nrpa-308-a-3rac9osi7m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-chromatograms-showing-the-metabolism-of-nrpa-308-in-2h0xf9bu.png Fig. 3. Chromatograms showing the metabolism of NRPa-308 in MDA-MB231 and BT549 cells after three days incubation at 37 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-chromatograms-showing-the-stability-of-nrpa-308-in-199mex1e.png Fig. 2. Chromatograms showing the stability of NRPa-308 in aqueous buffers at pH 0.9, 7.4 and 8.4 after 16 days incubation at 37 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-nrpa-308-1-analysed-by-x-ray-please-refer-26hkb0gu.png Fig. 1. Structure of NRPa-308 1 analysed by X Ray. Please refer to reference [16], and to the Supporting Information section for more details. A: Single crystal of Nrp-a308 1; B: Supramolecular arrangement of Nrp-a308 1. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-abstraction-of-constraint-models-for-3jz7aok1sq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-measurements-depending-on-different-1hq59y9z.png Table 1: Comparison of measurements depending on different power plant numbers. Values below the horizontal line are only relevant to the regio-central approach. Times are given in seconds and c and rc subscripts denote central and regio-central, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-sample-hierarchy-of-power-plants-providing-bold-1l6sc9o5.png Figure 1: A sample hierarchy of power plants providing. Bold font indicates model types, arrows represent transfor- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-exemplary-avpp-structure-avpps-can-contain-other-2e9hd0fq.png Figure 2: An exemplary AVPP structure. AVPPs can contain other AVPPs. Leaf nodes indicate different types of power plants (e.g., wind, solar, biomass, running water). Edges indicate how the incoming load is distributed. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-antimicrobial-evaluation-of-amphiphilic-4d1ga2dzdf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-minimum-inhibitoryconcentrations-15kgi4vc.png Table 1. Minimum InhibitoryConcentrations againstDifferentStaphylococcus aureus Strains for theNeamineDerivatives,NeomycinB, andNeamine https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-minimum-inhibitory-concentrations-against-selected-2x01od5p.png Table 2. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations against Selected Bacterial Gram (-) Susceptible and Resistant Strains through EnzymaticModification and Effluxa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-the-prepared-2-naphthylmethylene-2nm-9pkbi2bw.png Figure 1. Structure of the prepared 2-naphthylmethylene (2NM) neamine derivatives. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-minimum-inhibitoryconcentrations-againstp-3i8ntr2i.png Table 3. Minimum InhibitoryConcentrations againstP. aeruginosaSusceptibleWTandResistant throughOverexpression of Efflux Pump for Selected Natural Aminoglycosides and Neamine Derivativesa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effects-of-the-30406-tri2nm-neamine-derivative-10a-3gv75qr3.png Figure 2. Effects of the 30,40,6-tri2NM neamine derivative 10a, neamine 1, neomycin B, polymyxin E, and aztreonam on protein synthesis of P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. L-[4,5-3H]Leucine incorporation into proteins was measured after exposure to 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 times MIC. The ordinate shows the percentage of incorporation of leucine expressed in % of control. Values are mean (n = 3) determinations. Error bars represent standard deviations. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-application-of-hypercrosslinked-polymers-with-4qdf5sy757 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-28ah3vm3.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-recovery-values-obtained-when-the-hxlpp-wcx-strata-x-ykx69ol6.png Table 3. Recovery values (%) obtained when the HXLPP-WCX, Strata-X-CW and Oasis WCX sorbents were applied in SPE for the preconcentration of 1000 ml of a Milli-Q sample spiked at 20 μg l-1 with the analyte mixture. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-recovery-values-obtained-when-the-hxlpp-wcx-sorbent-3pw4pco4.png Table 4. Recovery values (%) obtained when the HXLPP-WCX sorbent was applied in SPE for the preconcentration for different real samples spiked with the analyte mixture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1861xvnr.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-structures-and-pka-values-of-the-selected-d33ur8rn.png Table 1. Chemical structures and pKa values of the selected analytes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-aulwa6dl.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characterisation-data-for-the-sorbents-tested-in-spe-1fgydlod.png Table 2. Characterisation data for the sorbents tested in SPE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1rj56awa.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-biochemical-evaluation-of-guanidino-alkyl-22fw0f0n9w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-aromatic-stacking-of-the-purine-ring-of-3-deaza-2498hda2.png Fig. 2. Aromatic stacking of the purine ring of 3-deaza-adenosine (pdb code 1HP0) (carbons in orange) and the guanidino-alkyl-iminoribitol 20 (carbons in green) with Trp83 and Trp260 (carbons in grey) (For interpretation of the references to colour in figure legends, the reader is refered to the web version of this article). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rational-design-of-the-inhibitors-based-on-the-3q7tkfmi.png Fig. 1. Rational design of the inhibitors, based on the structure of the transition state (top drawing). (a) Guanidinium ions can mimic the partial positive charge in the purine ring. (b) Iminoribitol derivatives can mimic the partial positive charge in the ribose ring. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-application-of-spatial-strategies-for-use-of-2kunzhs2uy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1-potential-cover-crops-include-weeds-left-legumes-1b226gmy.png Fig. 5.1 Potential cover crops include weeds (left), legumes (middle) and grasses (right) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-major-benefits-and-drawbacks-of-vegetation-1nkpg109.png Table 5.2 Major benefits and drawbacks of vegetation measures in cropland https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-3-suitability-of-some-mediterranean-plant-species-for-154dmlv6.png Fig. 5.3 Suitability of some Mediterranean plant species for rill and gully erosion control, based on their scores on the following criteria: Cr (kPa) is the root cohesion at 0.3–0.4 m soil depth, MEI (N) is the index of stiffness, SD (m2 m−2) is the stem density, RSD (dimensionless) is the topsoil erosion reducing potential of plant roots during concentrated flow erosion and TE (m m−1) is the trapping effectiveness (after De Baets et al. 2014) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-4-a-photograph-of-a-sub-catchment-of-carcavo-b-mapped-1wsvsawu.png Fig. 5.4 (a) Photograph of a sub-catchment of Cárcavo, (b) Mapped connectivity pathways, (c) Suggested strategy for erosion reduction and increase of sedimentation by connectivity minimisation (after Hooke and Sandercock 2012) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-2-priority-areas-to-be-protected-during-the-rainy-vf3h6ps5.png Fig. 5.2 Priority areas to be protected during the rainy season: terraced orchards/vineyards when competition for water is high (left), orchards on steep slopes (middle) and sloping cereal fields (right) (Hooke and Sandercock 2012) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-desirable-plant-characteristics-for-erosion-3cqm0enh.png Table 5.1 Desirable plant characteristics for erosion control https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-application-of-multiple-rods-gold-zinc-oxide-5enc6bjgd4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-decolorization-a-and-degradation-b-rates-of-mo-21cvgcu4.png Fig. 6 Decolorization (a) and degradation (b) rates of MO. Conditions: 100 mL MO solution with the concentration of 10.0 mg L-1; Au–ZnO, 10.0 mg and pH 6.5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effect-of-the-initial-concentration-of-mo-on-the-a-1zj2hful.png Fig. 7 Effect of the initial concentration of MO on the a decolorization and b degradation efficiencies. Conditions: 100 mL MO solution; Au–ZnO, 10.0 mg and pH 6.5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xrd-patterns-for-a-zno-and-b-au-zno-nanostructures-1aktkxm6.png Fig. 1 XRD patterns for a ZnO and b Au–ZnO nanostructures https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-obtained-for-repeated-use-of-au-zno-after-34z9xqp6.png Table 1 Results obtained for repeated use of Au–ZnO after cyclic regeneration https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-interference-study-results-for-the-decolorization-2cswzohf.png Table 2 Interference study results for the decolorization and degradation of 10.0 mg L-1 MO solution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sem-images-of-zno-and-au-zno-a-b-are-small-and-large-1zjk2h02.png Fig. 3 SEM images of ZnO and Au–ZnO. a, b Are small- and large-area SEMs of the ZnO multipods; c, d are small- and large-area SEMs of the Au–ZnO multipods https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-edax-spectra-for-au-zno-with-multipods-morphology-ples4kvy.png Fig. 2 EDAX spectra for Au–ZnO with multipods morphology https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-characterization-of-ag-delafossites-agbo2-b-al-4qh89trgax 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-projected-density-of-states-for-3r-agalo2-top-38oyj823.png Figure 10: The projected density of states for 3R-AgAlO2 (top panel), 3R-AgGaO2 (middle panel) and 3R-AgInO2 (bottom panel) obtained using the SCAN functional. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-xrd-patterns-of-as-synthesized-samples-obtained-1p45ll9j.png Figure 2: XRD patterns of as-synthesized samples obtained after variation of educt ratio (a), NaOH content (b) and reaction time (c). Indices are given for the crystalline main phase 3R-AgAlO2. The corresponding overview XRD patterns from 10 – 60° 2θ are given in Figure S1 - S3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-overview-of-selected-3r-agbo2-b-al-ga-in-samples-31v2lxaf.png Table 4: Overview of selected 3R-AgBO2 (B: Al, Ga, In) samples including their metal ratios (XRF, ICP-OES), specific surface areas determined by N2-physisorption (SABET), band gap energies (Egap), conductivity, Raman active modes and decomposition temperatures (Tdecomp., STA-EGA) as well as mass losses due to decomposition (TG). For comparison, the calculated values are given in brackets. In the case of the Egap the calculated values using LDA, PBE and SCAN are given. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-rietveld-refined-and-ab-initio-calculated-lattice-3qbpgt3h.png Table 5: Rietveld refined and ab-initio calculated lattice parameters, z-position of oxygen, selected interatomic distances and angular deviation of BO6 in 3R-AgBO2 (B: Al, Ga, In) along with experimental results from Ref. [9, 12]. In addition, the effective ionic Shannon radii are given for the B-site ions featuring a coordination number of six. In addition, the ionic radius of AgII+ is 0.67 Å and OIV2-: 1.35 Å[2e]. For the 3R-AgBO2 polytype, the atomic fractional coordinates are Ag (3a) (0, 0, 0), B (3b) (0, 0, 0.5) and O (6c) (0 ,0, z). Lattice constant a is equal to d(Ag-Ag) [Å]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-abo2-delafossite-vzrd7g4u.png Figure 1: Schematic representation of the ABO2 delafossite crystal structure for the 3R polytype (left) and 2H (right) polytype.[7] The sequence of the close-packed A-layer and BO2-layer in the direction of the stacking-axis c are given. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sketch-of-the-proposed-reaction-scheme-for-the-3r-1qqredwu.png Figure 4: Sketch of the proposed reaction scheme for the 3R-AgAlO2 phase formation and decomposition (orange arrows) via hydrothermal treatment. Of the specified compounds, only the solid phases are detected in the course of this work (XRD). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-xrd-patterns-of-ag2o-and-3r-agalo2-after-treatment-2y8lj2b1.png Figure 3: XRD patterns of Ag2O and 3R-AgAlO2 after treatment in 0.9 M NaOH at 483 K for 60 h (a) and the evolution of the phase composition as a function of the applied hydrothermal synthesis time (b). Phase contents derived by quantitative XRD analysis. Optimized synthesis time frame highlighted (12-19 h). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experimental-details-of-the-prepared-3r-agino2-2kotjfm5.png Table 3 Experimental details of the prepared 3R-AgInO2 samples by varying reactant ratios and sample mass. For all experiments the same NaOH concentration (0.9 M), reaction temperature (483 K) and reaction time (30 h) were used. Data set includes the phase composition (XRD). Final set of optimized parameters shaded (grey). https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-characterization-of-cellulose-nanocrystals-as-36ydmjqdhj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-xrd-of-cellulose-nanocrystals-zu7zw7rf.png Figure 4.XRD of cellulose nanocrystals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dsc-of-cellulose-nanocrystals-35qiagtc.png FIGURE 5.DSC of cellulose nanocrystals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-photograph-above-and-optical-micrographs-below-of-t5hm00x2.png FIGURE 6.Photograph (above) and optical micrographs (below) of the neat (left) and nanocomposite (right) foams (scale bar: 200 m) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-thermograms-of-neat-and-nanocomposite-with-0-4-wt-2srvngsm.png FIGURE 7.Thermograms of neat and nanocomposite (with 0.4 wt. % CNCs) foam https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-compressive-a-and-tensile-b-and-stress-strain-of-fk6cawi0.png FIGURE 8.Compressive (a) and Tensile (b) and stress-strain of neat PUF and composite PUF https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tem-images-of-cellulose-nanocrystals-obtained-via-3jl7m1da.png FIGURE 1.TEM images of cellulose nanocrystals obtained via acid hydrolysis. Their dimensions were measured using image J software and averaged from at least 25 measurements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ftir-spectra-of-cellulose-before-and-after-1vgnlpyp.png FIGURE 2.FTIR spectra of cellulose before and after hydrolysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-dynamic-mechanical-properties-of-neat-and-12h8vc0f.png FIGURE 9. Dynamic mechanical properties of neat and nanocomposite biobased PUF https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-characterization-of-silica-lead-sulfide-core-4ve0phdckh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-29xx3adr.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-characterization-of-poly-n-vinylcaprolactam-4e5drzmf63 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-raman-spectra-of-blank-poly-nvcl-co-aa-a-spray-dried-ztjlj7op.png Fig. 4. Raman spectra of blank poly(NVCL-co-AA) (A), spray-dried poly(NVCL-coAA) particles containing ketoprofen (B) and pure ketoprofen (C). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dependent-and-independent-kinetic-models-applied-to-37cz7ipq.png Table 1 Dependent and independent kinetic models applied to analyze the drug release data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-physical-characteristics-of-the-spray-dried-3kwof9x7.png Table 2 Physical characteristics of the spray-dried polymeric microparticles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-powder-xrd-pa-terns-of-a-pure-ketoprofen-b-blank-spray-3m3w572b.png Fig. 3. Powder XRD pa terns of (A) pure ketoprofen, (B) blank spray-dried poly(NVCL-co AA) microparticles and (C) ketoprofen-loaded poly(NVCL-co-AA) microparticles (MS2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-in-vitro-dissolution-rate-of-unprocessed-ketoprofen-2bf9owfl.png Fig. 10. In vitro dissolution rate of unprocessed ketoprofen crystals in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and acid c medium (pH 1.2) at 25 °C and 37 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-curve-fitting-and-kinetic-analysis-of-2uknj9ec.png Table 4 Results of curve fitting and kinetic analysis of ketoprofen release data from the spraydried PNVCL-based microparticles using the Korshmeyer-Peppas model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-kinetic-analysis-of-ketoprofen-release-data-from-the-1wy3oi7r.png Table 5 Kinetic analysis of ketoprofen release data from the spray-dried PNVCL-based microparticles using the Korshmeyer-Peppas model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-ketoprofen-loaded-microparticle-2a3d8h95.png Table 3 Comparison of ketoprofen-loaded microparticle release profiles using the independent model values of dissolution efficiency DE (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test). https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-characterization-of-the-n-terminal-acetylated-al3leuledr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1y2x7cba.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2apufoay.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-lvqqx032.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-257ykon7.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-37rvrra2.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2ube57e8.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-characterization-of-ultrathin-wo3-nanodisks-1kwrsoq1go 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-afm-images-in-tapping-mode-with-silica-etched-tips-1rhjzvps.png Figure 7. AFM images in tapping mode with silica-etched tips of the WO3 nanodisks. (A) General scan with a stacked formation of nanodisks; the arrow indicates the area magnified in B. Based on thez-axis measurement tool (lower parts of A and B), the nanodisks were believed to have been 30-40 nm in thickness, which was later contradicted by the HRSEM data. Image B is a close-up of the stacked WO3 nanodisk array, revealing the close proximity of the nanodisks to one another. It also indicates that the disks are not lying perfectly parallel to the ITO substrate, but are, in fact, at a slight angle of ca. 15°. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-uv-vis-absorption-spectra-of-solutions-of-wo3-thin-1ok21hup.png Figure 9. UV-vis absorption spectra of solutions of WO3 thin films. (A) Spectrum recorded without blanking of the FTO substrate prior to data collection showing pronounced absorption peaks at 200 and 290 nm and absorption extending into the IR range. (B) Spectrum recorded after blanking of the FTO substrate prior to data collection showing a very sharp peak at 320 nm and absorption extending into the IR range. The IR absorbance is attributed to scattering due to the large surface area of the WO3 nanodisks. The 200-300-nm region of spectrum B is an artifact due to blanking. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sem-images-of-wo3-nanodisks-a-a-large-population-of-13v8htz9.png Figure 1. SEM images of WO3 nanodisks. (A) A large population of nanodisks that lie atop one another in a thin film on a FTO substrate. (B) Higher-magnification image of less densely populated nanodisks showing their structures to range in size in the hundreds of nanometers along the long and short axes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hrsem-images-depicting-vertically-oriented-wo3-c3l8qshk.png Figure 3. HRSEM images depicting vertically oriented WO3 nanodisks and their thicknesses. (A) Twinned crystal with a thickness of 12 nm lodged between horizontally oriented nanodisks. (B) Nanodisk oriented normal to the FTO substrate showing extreme contrast of the nanodisks with a long axis of>500 nm and a thickness of 17 nm. (C) HRSEM image of a WO3 nanodisk with a slight tilt at 1000K magnification exhibiting very small dimensions of 183 nm in length and a thickness of 6.7 nm on the far right edge. Measurements were taken at the solid white portions of the edge because of the tilt of the specimen and hazy characteristic of the trailing crystal face. The center edge highlighted by arrows was measured to be 10.5 nm in thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hrsem-images-of-wo3-nanodisk-thin-films-revealing-3eh0sn6a.png Figure 2. HRSEM images of WO3 nanodisk thin films revealing the general size distribution of the nanodisks to be 350-1 00 nm in length and 200-750 nm in width. Arrows in image A highlight regions where overlapping nanodisks show electron transparency in extremely thin samples. Crossbars in image B correspond to WO3 nanodisks of 460 nm by 296 nm (top) and 373 nm by 230 nm. The arrow demarcates an area of four overlapping nanodisks and the edge effects that arise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-tem-image-of-a-760-nm-by-720-nm-wo3-nanodisk-that-3e7xe59i.png Figure 4. (A) TEM image of a 760 nm by 720 nm WO3 nanodisk that cracked when transferred to the carbon-coated copper grid. The nanodisk is lying parallel to the surface, allowing for the examination of crystal growth directions. (B) Electron diffraction pattern showing a zone axis in the [010] direction and diffraction spots pertaining to the (202), (101), (-101), and (-202) crystal faces. HRTEM images of the WO3 nanodisks reveal some vacancies and a textured singlecrystalline nature. (C) Details of thed spacings of the monoclinic crystal phase of 5.335 and 5.253 nm corresponding to the (-101) and (101) crystal faces, respectively. (D) Whereas stacking faults were evident in the monoclinic WO3 structure, the (-101), (101), (002), and (200) crystal planes were readily assigned and reinforced the SAED measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-xrd-data-of-wo3-nanodisks-with-diffraction-peaks-37z0wmme.png Figure 5. XRD data of WO3 nanodisks with diffraction peaks corresponding to the (002), (120), and (-202) crystal faces and other lower-intensity diffraction peaks of the monoclinic phase. The unusually high diffraction intensity of the (120) peak is in large part due to the oriented WO3 nanodisks lying nearly parallel to the FTO conducting substrate and the limited number of crystal faces satisfying Bragg’s law. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-edx-spectra-of-wo3-nanodisks-on-formvar-carbon-37k8hx1o.png Figure 6. EDX spectra of WO3 nanodisks on Formvar carbon-coated copper grids displaying the compositional peaks of oxygen and tungsten. Copper peaks due to the copper grid were also identified. No peaks corresponding to carbon were present, indicating that all of the PEG10000 was removed during the sintering process. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-characterization-of-the-bis-cyclometalating-p1ivusz5vb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-selected-bond-lengths-and-angles-of-complex-14-1w5zsiho.png Table 3. Selected Bond Lengths and Angles of Complex 14 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3hyu8972.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-2f5kwyle.png Table 2a https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-evaluation-of-analogues-of-estrone-3-o-uays7zwv6o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pka-values-of-various-phenols-2-nitroestrone-1a-and-2tmk3q4w.png Table 2 pKa values of various phenols, 2-nitroestrone (1a) and 4-nitroestrone (2a) as determined by ACD/Labs Software v 11.02. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structures-of-emate-estrone-3-o-sulfamate-and-the-onq7fmo5.png Figure 1. Structures of EMATE (estrone 3-O-sulfamate) and the non-steroidal STS inhibitor, Irosustat (STX64, BN83495). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structures-of-3-methyl-123-benzoxathiazole-22-2w4922t7.png Figure 2. Structures of 3-methyl-1,2,3-benzoxathiazole 2,2- dioxide (22) and 3-tosyl-1,2,3-benzoxathiazole 2,2-dioxide (23) https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-identification-of-an-important-metabolite-of-3s1d63xpl7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-analysis-of-reference-materials-from-compounds-4-8-and-1rdp5na5.png Fig. 2. Analysis of reference materials from compounds 4, 8 and 9 (blue trace), and a urine sample (red trace) by LC-QTOF-MS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-akb-48-and-its-major-metabolite-with-a-single-hydroxyl-1sbtzhor.png Fig. 1. AKB-48 and its major metabolite with a single hydroxyl group on the adamantyl moiety. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-evaluation-of-the-performance-of-a-small-38swidth8l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-synthesis-of-bicyclic-intermediates-see-scheme-2-3dev065k.png Table 1: Synthesis of bicyclic intermediates (see Scheme 2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hierarchical-relationship-between-the-tropane-4n24w05q.png Figure 2: Hierarchical relationship between the tropane-related scaffolds. Scaffolds that were found as substructrues of a random 2% of the ZINC database of commercially-available compounds are noted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-structures-of-bioactive-ligands-discovered-panel-a-3oiemivx.png Figure 4: Structures of bioactive ligands discovered. Panel A: Inhibitors of Hedgehog signalling. Panel B: Inhibitors of P. falciparum survival. Compound 41 was tested as a 85:15 mixture of diastereomers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-synthesis-of-exemplar-screening-compounds-27ue8552.png Table 2: Synthesis of exemplar screening compounds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-tropane-alkaloids-top-and-tropane-ts2pdzy6.png Figure 1: Examples of tropane alkaloids (top) and tropane-related compounds (bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-construction-of-a-set-of-53-screening-compounds-3vog63d2.png Figure 3: Construction of a set of 53 screening compounds. Panel A: Exemplar screening compounds (see Table 2 for synthesis and Supplementary Information). Panels B and C: Molecular properties (B) and shape diversity (C) of the library (see Supplementary Information). Shape diversity is represented on a principal moments of inertia (PMI) plot in which the vertices correspond to linear (top left), flat (bottom) and spherical (top right) shapes. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-leishmanicidal-activity-of-cinnamic-acid-2p770k2tq6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-caffeic-acid-and-its-esters-derivatives-1da83l7r.png Fig. 1 Caffeic acid and its esters derivatives https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-in-vitro-activity-of-cinnamic-acid-esters-against-34itbdb1.png Table 2. In vitro activity of Cinnamic acid esters against intracellular amastigotes of L. panamensis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-in-vitro-leishmanicidal-activity-against-axenic-37dm6sjq.png Table 1. In vitro leishmanicidal activity against axenic amastigotes of L. panamensis and toxicity of Cinnamic acid esters. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-pharmacological-evaluation-of-novel-cis-and-4tnxf9aavh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-log-dose-response-curves-a-and-auc-mpe-curves-b-on-burzhj6p.png Fig. 2 The log dose–response curves (a) and AUC-MPE curves (b) on the tail-immersion for compounds tested; the log dose–response curves on the formalin test for compounds tested (c). Each point represents the mean ± SEM of the antinociception in six to eight rats. Dose–response slopes ± SEM for fentanyl and cis-4 are 64.62 ± 2.9 and 22.57 ± 6.5, respectively. Correlation coeicients (r) for fentanyl and cis-4 are 0.99 and 0.96, respectively https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-properties-of-2-2-pyridyl-1-azaazulene-1afwjot8xi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-pka-values-of-22-bipyridyl-3-and-8-dc9p67jo.png Table 2. The pKa values of 2,2’-bipyridyl, 3, and 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-uv-vis-absorption-and-normalized-emission-yf2axjvk.png Figure 4. The UV-Vis absorption and normalized emission spectra of 3 in the presence of sodium perchlorate (1000 eq. to 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-uv-vis-absorption-and-normalized-emission-1s2iv02j.png Figure 3. The UV-Vis absorption and normalized emission spectra of 3 in the presence of magnesium perchlorate (1000 eq. to 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-uv-vis-absorption-and-normalized-emission-3j9urtvm.png Figure 2. The UV-Vis absorption and normalized emission spectra of 3 in 50% H2SO4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-uv-vis-absorption-and-normalized-emission-1bmuwbgv.png Figure 1. The UV-Vis absorption and normalized emission spectra of 3 in CH3CN. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-cross-coupling-reactions-of-2-halo-1-1wfnatcw.png Table 1. Results of cross-coupling reactions of. 2-halo-1-azaazulene 6. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-properties-of-alumina-hydroxyapatite-4b09imhpog 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-22b0mvtq.png Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2pwb7abp.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-properties-of-a-meso-tris-ferrocene-appended-2o7ahmwllj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-mossbauer-parameters-for-f3p-and-xaamsak0.png Table 2. Experimental Mössbauer parameters for F3P and reference compounds at room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-room-temperature-uv-vis-absorption-spectrum-for-f3p-g3dfxacw.png Figure 4. Room temperature UV-Vis absorption spectrum for F3P in chloroform. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-room-temperature-57fe-m-ossbauer-spectrum-for-f3p-ixqikveo.png Figure 5. Room temperature 57Fe-M össbauer spectrum for F3P showing the characteristic doublet pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-of-an-i-v-curve-dark-light-for-a-3fp-based-2s15sf5o.png Figure 6. Example of an I–V curve (○ = dark, ● = light) for a 3FP based dye sensitized solar cell using Co(II) (4,4’- dimethoxy-2,2’-bipyridine)3(ClO4)2 0.1 M, 4-tert-butylpyridine 0.2 M, tert-butyl ammonium perchlorate 0.1 M and NOPF6 0.015 M in propylene carbonate. VOC = 0.28 V and JSC = 0.068 mA cm –2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-simple-cartoon-showing-potential-electron-3b33ci4c.png Figure 1. Top: Simple cartoon showing potential electron transfer pathways following excitation of the zinc(II) porphyrin. 1: charge separation involving oxidation of a ferrocene; 2: charge recombination; 3: electron injection into conduction band of TiO2 from the zinc-porphyrin excited state; 4: electron injection into conduction band of TiO2 from the porphyrin radical anion. Bottom: Tris-ferrocene zinc(II) porphyrin, F3P, containing the carboxylic acid anchoring unit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-decay-component-spectra-lines-with-symbols-and-time-30wlsf4o.png Figure 8. Decay component spectra (lines with symbols) and time-resolved spectra at 0 and 1 ps delay time for F3P in THF. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-selected-bond-lengths-calculated-by-uo4oqzzm.png Table 1. Comparison of selected bond lengths calculated by DFT for F3P.a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-decay-component-spectra-obtained-from-global-fit-of-g694dfcd.png Figure 9. Decay component spectra obtained from global fit of transient absorption data for F3P on TiO2. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-properties-of-n-methylimidazole-solvates-of-4311i9ehk1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-epr-signal-of-polycrystalline-1-at-295-k-a-and-2-at-rawddtne.png Fig. 5. EPR signal of polycrystalline 1 at 295 K (a) and 2 at 100 K (b). Fitting of the signal by two Lorentzian lines is shown below by red and blue curves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-epr-signal-from-polycrystalline-3-at-4-2-k-rpjphldj.png Fig. 6. EPR signal from polycrystalline 3 at 4.2 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-observed-uv-vis-nir-spectrum-of-v-meim-2pc-2c6h4cl2-ts37lk9z.png Fig. 8. (a) Observed UV-vis-NIR spectrum of [V(MeIm)2Pc]·2C6H4Cl2 (2) in KBr. (b) Calculated spectrum of the 4Ag state in [V(MeIm)2Pc]0 at the CAM-B3LYP/ccpVTZ/cc-pVDZ level of theory. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-isosurface-plots-for-spin-density-distribution-a-2n1of3dz.png Fig. 7. The isosurface plots for spin density distribution. (a) The 4Ag state in [V(MeIm)2Pc]0 and (b) the 3Ag state in [Cr(MeIm)2Pc]0, where the isosurface value is 0.0016 electron/au3. The isosurfaces in blue and green denote positive and negative spin density, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-molecular-structure-of-the-coordination-vii-meim-2-pc2-e713ui5k.png Fig. 1. Molecular structure of the coordination [VII(MeIm)2(Pc2−)]0 unit in 1. The coordination [CrII(MeIm)2(Pc2−)]0 and [FeII(MeIm)2(Pc2−)]0 units in 3 and 4, respectively have similar geometry. Ellipsoid probability is 25%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-observed-uv-vis-nir-spectrum-of-cr-meim-2pc-2c6h4cl2-279ztvcp.png Fig. 9. (a) Observed UV-vis-NIR spectrum of [Cr(MeIm)2Pc]·2C6H4Cl2 (3) in KBr. (b) Calculated spectrum of the 3Ag state in [Cr(MeIm)2Pc]0 at the CAMB3LYP/cc-pVTZ/cc-pVDZ level of theory. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-geometric-parameters-of-pristine-metal-2d04vdj9.png Table 1. Geometric parameters of pristine metal phthalocyanines and their MeIm solvates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-view-on-the-crystal-structures-of-a-vii-meim-2-pc2-0-upcsj2ju.png Fig. 2. View on the crystal structures of: (a) [VII(MeIm)2(Pc2−)]0⋅2C6H4Cl2 (2), solvent molecules are not shown for clarity; (b) [CrII(MeIm)2(Pc2−)]0⋅2C6H4Cl2 (3), channels occupied by disordered solvent C6H4Cl2 molecules are shown by green ovals. Compound 4 is isostructural to 3. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-purification-of-silver-nanowires-to-make-4qlf4q7dwt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-typical-high-resolution-sem-images-of-purified-3gvwrahx.png Figure 3. Typical high-resolution SEM images of purified products obtained from different concentrations of NaBr: (A) 0, (B) 1.1, (C) 2.2, and (D) 4.4 mM. The concentrations of AgNO3, PVP, and NaCl in each of these reactions was 26.5, 50.5, and 4.2 mM, respectively, and the reaction temperature was 170 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sem-images-of-ag-nanowires-before-a-and-after-b-8znr1n8w.png Figure 2. SEM images of Ag nanowires before (A) and after (B) purification. Dark field optical microscope images of Ag nanowires before (C) and after (D) purification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-camera-picture-of-the-reaction-flask-after-the-25308592.png Figure 1. (A) Camera picture of the reaction flask after the growth of Ag NWs at 170 °C for 1 h. (B) Scheme demonstrating the process for purification of Ag NWs. (C) Pictures showing the stages of the purification process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-typical-sem-image-of-a-ag-nw-film-b-plot-of-2o6d27it.png Figure 4. (A) Typical SEM image of a Ag NW film. (B) Plot of specular transmittance (λ = 550 nm) vs sheet resistance for Ag NW films before and after purification. Error bars show one standard deviation for five measurements. The performance of ITO, Ag NWs,16 CNT,33 Cu NWs,34 PEDOT,7 and graphene6 are shown for comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-properties-of-uranyl-monothiocarbamate-1w7xulhvro 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-infrared-data-for-or-complexes-zh5flif2.png Table I. Infrared Data for OR~]- Complexes https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-photoe1ectro-data-for-22nezole.png Table II. Photoe1ectro~ Data for •] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-uranium-4f-and-nitrogen-ls-x-ray-photoelectron-3gymh21z.png Figure 2. The uranium-4f and nitrogen-ls x-ray photoelectron spectra of [(C2H5)2NH2]+ [U02((C2H5)2NCOS) 2oc2H5]-. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-sar-of-2-3-bis-o-substituted-n-6-5-bis-su1mpd2tyb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inhibitory-effects-of-the-test-compounds-on-the-h94hyeaf.png Table 1 Inhibitory effects of the test compounds on the proliferation of murine leukemia cells (L1210), murine mammary carcinoma cells (FM3A), human T-lymphocyte cells (CEM) and human cervix carcinoma cells (HeLa) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2i210mia.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-competitive-binding-inhibition-assays-19-effects-of-5iubkrpf.png Figure 3. Competitive binding inhibition assays.19 Effects of compounds on equilibrium competition binding of BMPR1b to immobilized ATP-binding site ligand. (A) Compound 5. (B) Compound 3a. (C) Compounds 3a, 5, 10a–c, and 13a–c at 10 lM (data expressed as percent of control). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-docking-results-for-3a-and-5-docked-into-the-active-2t986dfd.png Figure 2. Docking results for 3a and 5 docked into the active site of BMPR1b (pdb 3mdy). Yellow residues: catalytic triad (K231, E244, D350); blue residue: gatekeeper (L277); magenta tube: G-loop or activation loop (I210, G211, K212, G213, R214, Y215, G216); magenta ribbon: hinge region (I278, T279, D280, Y281, H282, E283, N284, G285, S286).18 (A) Space-filling model of highest ranked pose of compound 5. (B) Tube model of highest ranked pose of compound 5 (G-Loop omitted for clarity). (C) Space-filling model of highest ranked pose of compound 3a. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-reactivity-of-remarkably-stable-and-4ohmhzlshp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ortep-diagram-of-ni-complexes-3a-c-50-probability-3rodfn66.png Figure 2. ORTEP diagram of Ni complexes 3a–c (50% probability level thermal ellipsoids; hydrogen atoms, non-coordinating iodide anions in 3a and PF6– in 3b and 3c, and co‐crystallized MeOH molecules for 3a omitted for clarity). For 3c refinement of the occupancy of the CH3 group indicated 32% of 3c and 68% 2c. Symmetry related atoms are marked with # (1–x, +y, 3/2–z for 3a, 1/2–x, 1/2–y, +z for 3b, 1–x, +y, 3/2–z for 3c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ortep-diagram-of-ni-complexes-8a-and-8d-50-hioeb63d.png Figure 4. ORTEP diagram of Ni complexes 8a and 8d (50% probability level thermal ellipsoids; hydrogen atoms, non-coordinating OTf anions, as well as co-crystallized CH3CN molecules and the disorder of the phenyl groups of 8d omitted for clarity). Symmetry related atoms are marked with # (1– x, 1–y, –z for 8a, +x, –3/2–y, +z for 8d). Selected bond lengths and angles of complex 8a: Ni…Ni = 2.8709(5) Å, Ni–O = 1.881(3)–1.977(4) Å, Ni–CTrz = 1.875(2)–1.929(2) Å, CTrz–Ni–CTrz = 92(1)°, O– Ni–O = 83(2)°, Ni–O–Ni = 97(1)°, q = 140.69° (dihedral angle q of the two Ni coordination planes defined as the average plane defined by Ni, the two oxygen and the two carbon nuclei for each metal center). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-bond-lengths-a-and-angles-deg-of-complex-3a-3u6b2fbn.png Table 2. Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles (deg) of complex 3a–c.a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-reactivity-studies-with-complex-8a-and-ortep-wehc51x8.png Figure 5. Reactivity studies with complex 8a and ORTEP diagram of Ni complex anti-11 (thermal ellipsoids are given at the 50 % probability level; hydrogen atoms omitted for clarity). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-synthesis-and-ortep-diagrams-of-ni-complexes-4-6-40-30heh3t7.png Figure 3. Synthesis and ORTEP diagrams of Ni complexes 4–6 (40% probability for 4 and 50% probability level thermal ellipsoids for 5 and 6; hydrogen atoms, non-coordinating iodide and co‐ crystallized EtOH molecule for 4 omitted for clarity). Symmetry related atoms are marked with # (1–x, 1–y, 2–z for 4, 1–x, 1–y, 1–z for 5). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-bond-lengths-a-and-angles-deg-of-complexes-2nspql67.png Table 1. Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles (deg) of complexes 2a–c.a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ortep-diagram-of-ni-complexes-2a-c-50-probability-3n7tct21.png Figure 1. ORTEP diagram of Ni complexes 2a–c (50% probability level thermal ellipsoids; hydrogen atoms, non-coordinating iodide anions in 2a, and PF6– anions in 2b and 2c as well as co-crystallized water molecule for 2a omitted for clarity). Symmetry related atoms are marked with # (1–x, +y, 3/2–z for 2a, and 1–x, +y, 1/2–z for 2b and 2c). https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-spectroscopic-dft-structural-characterization-2vtdw7a8fl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-possible-structures-of-niobium-v-tetrahalide-3e0kjdbv.png Figure 2. Possible structures of niobium(V) tetrahalide salicylate complexes (X = Cl, Br). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dft-optimized-isomers-of-compound-4-c-pcm-ob97x-2wratx82.png Figure 6. DFT-optimized isomers of compound 4 (C-PCM/ωB97X calculations, hydrogen atoms omitted for clarity). Selected bond lengths (Å) for 4a: Ti-O(iPrO) 1.724, 1.725; Ti-O(κ2-COO) 2.074, 2.187; Ti-O(κ1-COO) 1.911; C-O(κ2COO) 1.249, 1.272; C-O(κ1-COO) 1.214, 1.308. Selected angles (°) for 4a: O(iPrO)-Ti-O(iPrO) 106.5; O(κ1-COO)-TiO(iPrO) 99.5, 106.3; O(κ1-COO)-Ti-O(κ2-COO) 84.5, 138.9; O(k2-COO)-Nb-O(k2-COO) 61.0. Selected bond lengths (Å) for 4b: Ti-O(iPrO) 1.738, 1.740; Ti-O(κ2-COOL1) 2.064, 2.145; Ti-O(κ2-COOL2) 2.012, 2.309; C-O(κ2-COOL1) 1.257, 1.266; C-O(κ2-COOL2) 1.243, 1.281. Selected angles (°) for 4b: O(iPrO)-Ti-O(iPrO) 102.4; O(k2-COOL1)-NbO(k2-COOL1) 61.9; O(k2-COOL2)-Nb-O(k2-COOL2) 60.1. Colour map: Ti, blue; Cl, green; O, red; C, grey; H, light gray. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dft-optimized-structure-of-the-most-stable-isomer-3d85y9d1.png Figure 3. DFT-optimized structure of the most stable isomer of 1a (C-PCM/ωB97X calculations). After geometry optimization, the molecule has C2 symmetry. Selected bond lengths (Å): Nb-O 1.992, 2.144; Nb-Cl 2.284, 2.308, 2.316, 2.353; C-O 1.267, 1.284; O-H 0.972; H---O 1.817. Selected angles (deg): O-Nb-O 87.3; C-O-Nb 140.7, 156.0. Colour map: Nb, light blue; Cl, green; O, red; C, grey; H, light gray. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dft-optimized-structure-of-the-most-stable-isomer-1ovf9pzf.png Figure 4. DFT-optimized structure of the most stable isomer of 2 (C-PCM/ωB97X calculations). After geometry optimization, the molecule has approximately Ci symmetry. Selected bond lengths (Å, average values): Nb-O 2.065, 2.108 2.144; Nb-Cl (trans N) 2.412; Nb-Cl (cis N) 2.341, 2.342; C-O 1.256, 1.263. Selected angles (deg, average values): O-Nb-O 82.3; N-Nb-Cl 93.5, 114.0, 157.6. C-O-Nb 132.8, 142.7. Colour map: Nb, light blue; Cl, green; O, red; C, grey; H, light gray. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dft-optimized-structure-of-the-most-stable-isomer-athy4ag3.png Figure 5. DFT-optimized structure of the most stable isomer of 3 (C-PCM/ωB97X calculations). After geometry optimization, the molecule has approximately C2 symmetry. Selected bond lengths (Å, average values): Nb-O 2.023, 2.132; Nb-Cl 2.279, 2.291, 2.325, 2.330; C-O 1.250, 1.260. Selected angles (°, average values): O-Nb-O 84.9; C-O-Nb 139.9, 171.5. Colour map: Nb, light blue; Cl, green; O, red; C, grey; H, light gray. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bioactive-carboxylic-acids-treated-in-this-work-2b0ol7tx.png Figure 1. Bioactive carboxylic acids treated in this work. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-structural-characterisation-of-new-ettringite-35gyycc3fm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-docx-33iazwcr.png Table 2.docx https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-docx-2wlatwga.png Table 1.docx https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-docx-1id09jmo.png Table 4.docx https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-docx-222vuhok.png Table 3.docx https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-docx-1n49lrui.png Table 5.docx https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-docx-3ohubtak.png Table 6.docx https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-structure-of-novel-ferrocene-containing-b-nzgij6hek3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-selected-bonding-orbitals-of-conformers-15a-b-2-the-2pghqii8.png Figure 1 Selected bonding orbitals of conformers 15a,b/2, the precursors of ring closures finally leading to lactames 12a,b, determined by B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) analysis performed on optimized structures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1h-nmr-shifts-and-separation-of-h6a-and-h6b-signals-32zpidw4.png Table 1: 1H-NMR shifts and separation of H6A and H6B signals calculated for diastereomer pairs 9a-9a/inv, 9b-9b/inv, 12a12a/inv and 12b-12b/inv (rows 1-6, reference: TMS)a, dihedral angles between skeletal protons (: rows 7 and 10)b and vicinal coupling constants J(H6A/H7B) and J(H6A/H7A) (calculated values: rows 8 and 11, measured values: rows 9 and 12). https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-structure-of-mu-33-a-new-layered-2gb7xw5zic 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-crystallographic-data-from-the-rietveld-refinement-3j6b32e8.png Table 2 Crystallographic data from the Rietveld refinement of Mu-33 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-selected-interatomic-distances-a-and-angles-deg-for-2mabqr2a.png Table 4 Selected interatomic distances (Å) and angles (deg.) for Mu-33 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-positional-thermal-and-occupancy-parameters-for-mu-onou3uvg.png Table 3 Positional, thermal and occupancy parameters for Mu-33a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-hydrogen-bonding-scheme-dotted-lines-for-each-1c0pkzj6.png Fig. 9. Hydrogen bonding scheme (dotted lines) for each phosphorus site together with the proposed 31P resonance assignment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-x-ray-data-collection-parameters-for-mu-33-5z4vnx99.png Table 1 X-ray data collection parameters for Mu-33 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-images-of-the-lamellar-aluminophosphate-mu-33-3eiq7e98.png Fig. 1. SEM images of the lamellar aluminophosphate Mu-33. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-observed-top-calculated-middle-and-difference-iwl1kbqe.png Fig. 7. The observed (top), calculated (middle) and difference (bottom) profiles for the Rietveld refinement of Mu-33. To show more detail, the first peak has been cut at 20% of its full intensity and the scale for the second half of the pattern has been increased by a factor of 5 in the inset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-13c-mas-nmr-with-1h-decoupling-of-the-as-synthesized-i9fjeeq5.png Fig. 3. 13C MAS NMR with 1H decoupling of the as-synthesized Mu33 at mr = 4 kHz. (a) Full spectrum and (b) spectral region between 58 and 20 ppm. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-structure-of-mono-bi-and-trimetallic-amine-bis-2a0xnikq4k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ortepdiagramof-themolecular-structure-of-themethanol-2e9kv0xv.png Fig. 6 ORTEPdiagramof themolecular structure of themethanol adduct of 3 with 50% thermal ellipsoid probability. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ortep-diagram-of-the-molecular-structure-of-the-2h1euo37.png Fig. 4 ORTEP diagram of the molecular structure of the propylene oxide adduct of 1 with 50% thermal ellipsoid probability. Only the molecule containingCo(1) and (R)-isomerof propyleneoxide are shown, and solvent of crystallization omitted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ortep-diagram-of-the-molecular-structure-of-2with-50-18zzvkkk.png Fig. 5 ORTEP diagram of the molecular structure of 2with 50% thermal ellipsoid probability. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-selected-bond-lengths-a-and-angles-for-2-1sfj6dwh.png Table 5 Selected bond lengths [Å] and angles [◦] for 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-uv-vis-spectrum-of-1-ch3coch3-in-ch2cl2-3uwlep4d.png Fig. 9 UV-vis spectrum of 1(CH3COCH3) in CH2Cl2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-cyclic-voltammogram-of-5-in-ch2cl2-0-1m-n-bu-4n-pf6-wbukj5hc.png Fig. 16 Cyclic voltammogram of 5 in CH2Cl2 (0.1M [(n-Bu)4N]PF6) at 20 ◦C and a scan rate of 100 mV s-1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-cyclic-voltammogram-of-1-ch3oh-in-ch2cl2-0-1m-n-bu-4n-18dpsrog.png Fig. 15 Cyclic voltammogram of 1(CH3OH) in CH2Cl2 (0.1M [(n-Bu)4N]PF6) at 20 ◦C and a scan rate of 100 mV s-1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-selected-bond-lengths-a-and-angles-for-the-methanol-1x1fysvs.png Table 6 Selected bond lengths [Å] and angles [◦] for the methanol adduct of 3 https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-antiproliferative-activity-evaluation-and-3psvr9dwpx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-antiproliferative-activity-of-most-potent-ceu-3mgs5laq.png Table 1 Antiproliferative activity of most potent CEU previously synthesized and their ability to covalently bind to -tubulin. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-pharmacophore-the-auxophore-and-the-2-2zvykf3c.png Figure 1 The pharmacophore, the auxophore and the 2-chloroethylurea groups of CEU together with the auxophore group of the most potent CEU previously synthesized. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-antiproliferative-activity-of-compounds-1a-to-1g-cpu-16th8j4t.png Table 2 Antiproliferative activity of compounds 1a to 1g (CPU), ICAU, tBCAU, 2c to 2g (CAU), IEU, tBEU, 3c to 3g (EU), 4a to 4d, 4f and 4g (CA), 5a to 5g (CPA), 6a to 6g (CBA) and 7a to 7g (Acr) on HT-29, M21 and MCF-7 cell lines and their ability to covalently bind to -tubulin. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-characterization-and-antileishmanial-activities-of-c55u6xikpq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-crystal-structure-of-the-cationic-part-of-7-2jy0wnn4.png Figure 2: Crystal structure of the cationic part of 7 depicted at 30% level. Non-coordinating anions and hydrogen atoms have been omitted for clarity. Selected bond lengths [Å] and angles [°]: Au-C1 1.997(6), Au-C22 2.016(6), C1-Au-C22 178.9(2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-crystal-structure-of-6-depicted-at-50-level-2dke4b2q.png Figure 1: Crystal structure of 6 depicted at 50% level. Hydrogen atoms have been omitted for clarity. Selected bond lengths [Å] and angles [°]: Au-C 1.96(2), Au-Cl 2.28(1), C-Au-Cl 177.3(6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-compounds-9-and-10-also-used-in-this-study-8b7g8sdo.png Figure 3. Compounds 9 and 10 also used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-in-vitro-antileishmanial-activity-and-cytotoxicity-1hjop3g3.png Table 1. In vitro antileishmanial activity and cytotoxicity of compounds 1-9. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-binding-affinity-and-molecular-docking-analysis-of-1rmtzqzsyi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-modeled-complexes-of-receptor-5-ht2a-with-compounds-1svpss0y.png Figure 4. Modeled complexes of receptor 5-HT2A with compounds 1 (carbons in green) and 18 (carbons in pink). The planar amide group present in 18 prevents any H-bonding between the amide carbonilic oxygen and S3.36, such as the H-bond shown here for 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structures-of-a-typical-haloperidol-and-some-24m185xx.png Figure 1. Structures of a typical (haloperidol) and some atypical antipsychotics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-binding-profile-of-compounds-1-4-for-dopamine-d2-and-1eny3e39.png Table 1. Binding Profile of Compounds 1-4 for Dopamine D2 and Serotonins 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C Human Receptorsa https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-binding-profile-of-the-individual-enantiomers-and-lyhj1pz2.png Table 2. Binding Profile of the Individual Enantiomers and the Racemic Mixture of 2 for the Dopamine D2 and Serotonins 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C Receptorsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-superimposition-of-the-docking-solutions-for-the-r-p2ks8wm6.png Figure 2. Superimposition of the docking solutions for the R and S enantiomers of compound 2 over the binding site of the 5-HT2A receptor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effects-the-substitution-of-the-benzoylpiperidine-3rz0fg9s.png Table 4. Effects the Substitution of the Benzoylpiperidine Moiety with a Benzoylpiperazine (1 vs 18) on Receptor Binding Affinitya https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-binding-profile-of-the-aminoalkylbenzofuranone-23cyqk2u.png Table 3. Binding Profile of the Aminoalkylbenzofuranone Derivatives 15a-c, 16a-c (Scheme 2), 1, and 2 and Reference Compounds at the Dopamine D2 and Serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C Receptorsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-structures-of-the-d2-and-5-ht2a-receptors-complexed-3f46czo0.png Figure 3. Structures of the D2 and 5-HT2A receptors complexed with compounds bearing p-fluorobenzoyl (FB) and 6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl (BI) moieties. FB compounds cannot establish strong H-bonds with the residues at positions 3.36 and 5.46 of the D2 receptor, and they can establish only one H-bond with the same residues of the 5-HT2A receptor. In contrast, the BI compounds can establish one H-bond and two H-bonds with the same receptors, respectively. See the text for details. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-characterization-and-antibacterial-screening-of-1j5r8hzdw5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-antibacterial-activity-of-pyrazole-schiff-bases-mqgmpf1y.png Figure 3. Antibacterial activity of pyrazole Schiff bases against [A] Gram positive [B] Gram negative bacteria. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-constants-of-pyrazole-schiff-bases-2b2n6qr7.png Table 1. Physical constants of pyrazole Schiff bases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-physical-constants-of-4-amino-antipyrine-schiff-rqhjci3u.png Table 2. Physical constants of 4-amino antipyrine Schiff bases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-antibacterial-activity-of-4-amino-antipyrin-schiff-9rlftv8e.png Figure 4. Antibacterial activity of 4-amino antipyrin Schiff bases against [A] Gram positive [B] Gram negative bacteria. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reaction-scheme-for-pyrazole-schiff-bases-1trggzwu.png Figure 1. Reaction scheme for pyrazole Schiff bases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reaction-scheme-for-4-amino-antipyrine-schiff-bases-wlbvbo7o.png Figure 2. Reaction scheme for 4-amino antipyrine Schiff bases https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-crystal-structure-and-enthalpies-of-formation-of-3lek0buts3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sem-micrographs-of-churchite-type-erpo4-2-h2o-21kmu79v.png Figure 2. SEM micrographs of Churchite-type ErPO4 · 2 H2O material https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tg-a-and-dsc-b-scans-of-churchite-type-repo4-2-h2o-2ab898b6.png Figure 6. TG (a) and DSC (b) scans of churchite-type REPO4 · 2 H2O (RE = Gd to Yb) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pxrd-patterns-of-the-churchite-type-repo4-2-h2o-34gx26z6.png Figure 7. PXRD patterns of the churchite-type REPO4 · 2 H2O after TG-DSC at 1000°C showing the formation of xenotime-type REPO4 on dehydration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-standard-gibbs-free-energy-of-formation-from-2owe5kd0.png Figure 11. Standard Gibbs free energy of formation from oxides (∆G°f,ox) obtained for GdPO4 · n H2O versus the number of water molecules, n, in GdPO4 · n H2O (*∆G°f,ox of churchite phase when ∆S°f,ox is considered twice that of rhabdophane phase) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-enthalpies-of-hydration-reaction-repo4-s-2-n-h2o-l-3v9ro3t4.png Figure 10. Enthalpies of hydration reaction REPO4(s) + (2+n) H2O(l) → REPO4 · (2+n) H2O(s) vs Ionic radius of RE 3+ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-laboratory-powder-xrd-patterns-of-the-churchite-ac8jd668.png Figure 3. Laboratory powder XRD patterns of the churchite-type REPO4 · 2 H2O (RE = Gd to Lu) materials https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-thermochemical-cycle-for-the-calculation-of-enthalpy-12t4b7nx.png Table 6. Thermochemical cycle for the calculation of enthalpy of formation from oxides for REPO4.(2+n) H2O churchite phase https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-enthalpies-of-drop-solution-hds-in-3-na2o-4-moo3-200zc0l7.png Table 7 Enthalpies of drop solution (∆Hds) in 3 Na2O · 4 MoO3 solvent at 700 °C and associated enthalpies, entropies and free Gibbs energies of formation from oxides, ΔH°f,ox, ΔS°f,ox and ΔG°f,ox obtained for Gd-xenotime, Gd-monazite, Gd-rhabdophane and Gd-churchite. ΔG°f,ox values were calculated at 298.15 K (25 °C) https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-characterization-and-reactivity-of-an-imidazolin-2-3801yvx8tg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-selected-aluminium-dihydride-compounds-the-pincer-1gcspqiz.png Fig. 1 Selected aluminium dihydride compounds. The pincer complex I, the β-diketiminato complex II, and the trimeric cyclopentadienide III. The guanidinate IV, the phosphinimide V, as well as the troponimide VI (Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-molecular-structure-of-5-toluene-1-5-in-the-solid-1coree1n.png Fig. 7 Molecular structure of 5(toluene)1.5 in the solid state. Hydrogen atoms, isopropyl groups, and toluene molecules have been omitted for clarity; displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. Selected bond lengths (Å), atom⋯atom distance (Å), and bond angles (°): Br(2)–Al(1) 2.282(1), Br(4)–Al(2) 2.298(1), Al(1)–N(4) 1.871(3), Al(2)–N(1) 1.858(3), N(1)–C(1) 1.318(4), Al(1)⋯Al(2) 2.687(1); Br(1)–Al(1)–Br(2) 110.29(4), N(1)–Al(1)–N(4) 87.7(1), N(1)–Al(2)–N(4) 88.1(1), Al(1)–N(1)–Al(2) 92.3(1), Al(1)–N(4)–Al(2) 91.9(1), Al(1)–N(1)–C(1) 134.0(2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-imidazolin-2-imino-compounds-with-main-group-elements-2u3kor7y.png Fig. 2 Imidazolin-2-imino compounds with main group elements (VII, IX, X) and the titanium complex VIII (Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-calculated-wiberg-bond-indices-of-the-al-h-bonds-and-3a5xst36.png Fig. 4 Calculated Wiberg bond indices of the Al–H bonds and NBO charges at the hydride atoms for the simplified model compounds 2’, II’, VI’, and V’. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-molecular-structure-of-3-thf-3-in-the-solid-state-3cg40m7n.png Fig. 5 Molecular structure of 3(THF)3 in the solid state. Hydrogen atoms (except on aluminium), isopropyl groups, and THF molecules have been omitted for clarity; only the higher occupied site is shown for atoms disordered over two sites; displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. Selected bond lengths (Å), atom⋯atom distance (Å), bond angles (°), and dihedral angle (°): Al(1)–N(4) 1.849(3), Al(2)–N(4) 1.872(3), N(1)–C(1) 1.327(5), N(2)–C(1) 1.376(5), Al(1)⋯Al(2) 2.666(2); N(1)–Al(2)–N(4) 87.7(2), Al(1)–N(1)–Al(2) 91.6(2); N(4)–Al(1)– Al(2)–N(1) 169.6(2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-molecular-structure-of-4-toluene-1-5-in-the-solid-353y84g8.png Fig. 6 Molecular structure of 4(toluene)1.5 in the solid state. Hydrogen atoms (except on boron), isopropyl groups, and toluene molecules have been omitted for clarity; displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. Selected bond lengths (Å), atom⋯atom distances (Å), and bond angles (°): Al(1)–H(2A) 1.69(2), Al(1)–H(2B) 1.82(2), Al(2)–N(1) 1.873(2), Al(2)–N(4) 1.889(2), N(1)–C(1) 1.319(2), Al(1)⋯Al(2) 2.728(1), Al(1)⋯B(1) 2.229(3), Al(1)⋯B(2) 2.220(3); N(1)–Al(1)–N(4) 87.0(1), N(1)–Al(2)–N(4) 87.1(1), Al(1)–N(1)–Al(2) 93.2(1), Al(1)–N(4)–Al(2) 92.7(1), Al(1)–N(1)–C(1) 134.0(1). https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-crystal-structure-and-characterization-of-two-5d2gzyru4d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-view-on-a-selected-layer-in-the-01-plane-formed-3b6541xr.png Figure 4. View on a selected layer in the ( 01) plane formed through the connection between the Cu2+ polyhedra ribbons and the [O3PC] tetrahedra in 1. Hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-connection-between-the-hydrogenphosphonoacetate-1i14po2s.png Figure 3. The connection between the hydrogenphosphonoacetate dianion and the Cu2+ cations in Cu[µ2-OOC(CH2)PO3H]⋅2H2O (1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-thermal-analysis-of-cu1-5-u3-ooc-ch2-po3-5h2o-2-uidm421o.png Figure 14. Thermal analysis of Cu1.5[µ3-OOC(CH2)PO3]⋅5H2O (2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-thermal-analysis-of-cu-u2-ooc-ch2-po3h-2h2o-1-3brd9kxo.png Figure 13. Thermal analysis of Cu[µ2-OOC(CH2)PO3H]⋅2H2O (1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-ir-spectra-of-a-cu-u2-ooc-ch2-po3h-2h2o-1-and-b-392up6gj.png Figure 15. IR spectra of (a) Cu[µ2-OOC(CH2)PO3H]⋅2H2O (1) and (b) Cu1.5[µ3OOC(CH2)PO3]⋅5H2O (2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-stacking-of-the-layers-along-101-in-1-the-red-2feipk1t.png Figure 5. Stacking of the layers along (101) in 1. The red dashed lines show a section of the hydrogen bonds between neighbouring layers. Hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-coordination-spheres-of-cu-1-and-cu-2-in-cu1-5-2mxwzl2z.png Figure 6. The coordination spheres of Cu(1) and Cu(2) in Cu1.5[µ3OOC(CH2)PO3]⋅5H2O (2). Ellipsoids are given at 50 % probability, arbitrary radii for hydrogen atoms. The index (‘) indicates the longest Cu−O(4) bond which is drawn with a light-grey bond. Symmetry codes as in Table 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-hydrogen-bonds-in-2-12v1droy.png Table 6. Hydrogen bonds in 2 https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-crystal-structure-spectroscopic-study-and-3g0aq0abyj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-infrared-spectrum-of-the-ni-c6h8n2-3-cl2-2-h2o-3k7zof5i.png Fig. 10. Infrared spectrum of the [Ni(C6H8N2)3]Cl2.2(H2O) complex. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ni-n-distances-and-bond-angles-in-the-nin6-28hlvvzi.png Table 2. Ni-N distances and bond angles in the NiN6 octahedron https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-o-h-cl-n-h-o-interactions-in-the-100-plane-in-the-kvgpzpnr.png Fig. 3. O-H…Cl; N-H…O interactions in the (100) plane in the structure of [Ni(C6H8N2)3]Cl2.2H2O. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-n-h-cl-interactions-in-the-001-plane-in-the-structure-2k59aax2.png Fig. 2. N-H…Cl interactions in the (001) plane in the structure of [Ni(C6H8N2)3]Cl2.2H2O. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-voids-in-the-crystal-structure-of-dichlorotris-2-1v7s6byr.png Fig. 9. The voids in the crystal structure of dichlorotris(2-aminomethylpyridine)nickel(II) dihydrate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-3d-hydrogen-bonded-supramolecular-network-formed-by-tglsr2ss.png Fig. 4. 3D hydrogen-bonded supramolecular network formed by hydrogen bonding interactions (Hydrogen bonds are represented by dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-specified-hydrogen-bonds-a-and-angle-deg-of-ni-5eknr2ej.png Table 3. Specified hydrogen bonds (Å) and angle (°) of [Ni(C6H8N2)3]Cl2.2H2O https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-2d-fingerprint-plots-of-the-studied-complex-resolved-2bbei95v.png Fig. 8. 2D Fingerprint plots of the studied complex resolved into Cl…H/H…Cl (a), C…H/H…C (b), H…H (c), and O…H/H…O (d) contacts showing the percentages participations to the total Hirshfeld surface area. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-method-for-matching-filters-22b9vhddsb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-global-system-structure-and-scattering-parameters-2s2sj5zt.png Fig. 1. Global system structure and scattering parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-structure-of-the-3-poles-substrate-integrated-1y0b0s0z.png Fig. 4. Structure of the 3-poles substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW) filter fed with coplanar-waveguide (CPWG) transmission lines designed with the software Ansoft Electronic Desktop and featuring a footprint of 120x40 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-result-obtained-with-a-siw-filter-circuit-and-em-2r2coeu7.png Fig. 5. Result obtained with a SIW filter (circuit and EM) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-reflexion-coefficient-and-transducer-gain-of-the-1ygvrw2f.png Fig. 3. Reflexion coefficient and transducer gain of the antenna compared to the global system (SC ) in both cases (Tchebyshev and minimum-area). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-matching-filter-connected-to-the-antenna-circuit-and-2ax67e57.png Fig. 6. Matching filter connected to the antenna. (circuit and EM) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-filter-responses-satisfying-the-constraints-2wegb2s7.png Fig. 2. Example of filter responses satisfying the constraints. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-lectures-on-human-language-technologies-1ngdl2oa05 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-set-of-source-label-vectors-along-with-their-3bt6t1cv.png Table 1: The set of source label vectors (along with their frequencies in the training data) for the rule X,PP-MO → 〈between X∼1 and X∼0,zwischen NN∼0 und NN∼1〉. The overall rule frequency is 15. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-english-german-experimental-results-truecase-bleu-127vjpjq.png Table 3: English→German experimental results (truecase). BLEU scores are given in percentage. newstest2012 is used as development set. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-english-german-experimental-results-truecase-bleu-xl4v4mgu.png Table 2: English→German experimental results (truecase). BLEU scores are given in percentage. A selection of 2000 sentences from the newstest2008-2012 sets is used as development set. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-molecular-structure-and-anticancer-activity-of-274sq1y6ui 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ic50-values-of-complexes-9-16-on-a2780-human-ovarian-33t5c6mk.png Table 2. IC50 Values of Complexes 9-16 on A2780 Human Ovarian Cancer Cells after 72 h Exposure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cyclic-voltammograms-of-1-left-and-2-right-0-5-mm-na7ldz3m.png Figure 4. Cyclic voltammograms of 1 (left) and 2 (right) (0.5 mM in CH2Cl2 at Pt-disk, scan rate 0.1 V s -1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cyclic-voltammograms-of-9-left-and-14-right-0-5mm-3brrd6ay.png Figure 5. Cyclic voltammograms of 9 (left) and 14 (right) (0.5mM inCH2Cl2 at Pt-disk, scan rate 0.1V s -1; first scan;, second scan ---). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-electrochemical-data-of-complexes-1-4-3dgt4vuo.png Table 1. Summary of the Electrochemical Data of Complexes 1-4 and 9-16a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-capped-sticks-representations-of-11-left-and-1vt59ful.png Figure 3. Capped sticks representations of 11 (left) and [(diethyl ether)2⊂16] (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ortep-representation-of-cation-11-at-35-probability-26a8lopt.png Figure 1. ORTEP representation of cation 11 at 35% probability level with H atoms omitted for clarity. Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles (deg): Ru(1)-O(1) 2.086(3), Ru(2)-O(2) 2.089(3), Ru(1)-N(1) 2.109(4), Ru(2)-N(2) 2.109(4); N(1)-Ru(1)-O(1) 84.13(12), O(1)-Ru(1)-O(1)i 77.24(14), N(2)-Ru(2)-O(2) 84.56(12), O(2)-Ru(2)-O(2)i 77.18(14) (i= x, -y, z). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ortep-representation-of-cation-16-at-35-probability-2zkhotpm.png Figure 2. ORTEP representation of cation 16 at 35% probability level with H atoms omitted for clarity. Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles (deg): Ru(1)-N(1) 2.108(2), Ru(1)-O(1) 2.0927(18), Ru(1)-O(2) 2.0837(18), Ru(2)-N(2) 2.111(2), Ru(2)-O(3) 2.0965(18), Ru(2)-O(4) 2.0937(18); N(1)-Ru(1)-O(1) 86.53(8), N(1)-Ru(1)-O(2) 84.08(8), O(1)-Ru(1)-O(2) 77.12(7), N(2)-Ru(2)-O(3) 82.75(8), N(2)-Ru(2)-O(4) 86.27- (8), O(3)-Ru(2)-O(4) 76.93(7). https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-2-2-3-4-trimethoxyphenyl-1-substituted-phenyl-36w06n9fhy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hetcor-2d-1h-13c-coupling-nmr-spectrum-of-compound-6-735awmpq.png Fig. 4 HETCOR (2D, 1H–13C coupling) NMR spectrum of compound 6. Compound 6 dissolved in deuterated chloroform (chloroform-d) and obtained by using a Bruker (USA) DPX-400 spectrometer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1h-nmr-spectrum-of-compound-6-compound-6-dissolved-in-icln3vz8.png Fig. 3 1H-NMR spectrum of compound 6. Compound 6 dissolved in deuterated chloroform (chloroformd) and obtained by using a Bruker (USA) DPX-400 spectrometer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-comparative-melting-points-of-compounds-2-9-these-3av81oiw.png Fig. 1 The comparative melting points of compounds 2–9. These melting points were obtained by differential scanning calorimetry using a SHIMADZU DSC thermo balance (10 C/min) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-maldi-tof-ms-spectrum-of-compound-6-2t1u14vu.png Fig. 2 MALDI TOF-MS spectrum of compound 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evaluation-of-the-cytotoxicityand-logic50-values-lm-24bpkoqq.png Table 1 Evaluation of the cytotoxicityand LogIC50 values (lM), of phenylacrylonitrile analogues 2–9 against a panel of three cancer cell lines https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-relative-cell-viability-of-mcf-7-a2780-and-pc-3-37bk2q3i.png Fig. 6 The relative cell viability (%) of MCF-7, A2780 and PC-3 cells after a 24-h treatment with all the compounds 2–9. The changes on the cell viability (%) caused by compounds 2–9 are compared with the control data. Each data point is an average of 10 viabilities (*p\ 0.01) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-13c-nmr-spectrum-of-compound-6-compound-6-dissolved-in-2pmztpol.png Fig. 5 13C-NMR spectrum of compound 6. Compound 6 dissolved in deuterated chloroform (chloroform-d) and obtained by using a Bruker (USA) DPX-400 spectrometer https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-2-6-disubstituted-dihydropyrans-via-an-rpaw5yk4j4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-three-component-one-pot-reaction-to-26-disubstituted-j0d3k0qj.png Table 1 Three-component, one-pot reaction to 2,6-disubstituted dihydropyrans https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-observed-qualitative-noe-enhancement-n3shwuk5.png Figure 1. Observed qualitative NOE enhancement. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-a-bimetallic-dodecaborate-linab12h12-with-1i5gbfb2qu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ionic-conductivity-measurements-for-linab12h12-1aqqo7oy.png Figure 4. Ionic conductivity measurements for LiNaB12H12, Na2B12H12, and Li2B12H12 as a function of temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-in-situ-raman-spectra-of-linab12h12-upon-heating-g1aljjow.png Figure 3. In situ Raman spectra of LiNaB12H12 upon heating and cooling at 0.1 MPa He. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-unit-cell-dimension-of-linab12h12-as-a-function-of-332bgfhm.png Figure 2. Unit cell dimension of LiNaB12H12 as a function of temperature, refined from the in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction profiles measured at 16.0 MPa H2 with a heating rate of 5 K/min. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-differential-scanning-calorimetry-curves-showing-3aam0syf.png Figure 1. Differential scanning calorimetry curves showing the reversible phase transition in LiNaB12H12. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-acyl-chitin-derivatives-and-miscibility-3eg9gym9mw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-substitution-parameters-solubility-dataa-and-tg-for-3030xx7v.png Table 1 Substitution parameters, solubility dataa, and Tg for Acyl-Ch samples https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-ag-and-cd-nanoparticles-by-nanosecond-pulsed-578i3yrwyo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-identification-of-emission-lines-of-an-emission-2w6zgjoy.png Fig. 2 Identification of emission lines of an emission spectrum recorded in the visible range 800 ns after breakdown. Theoretical transitions are materialized by ticks whose heights are proportional to their relative intensities normalized to the maximum value in the visible range. Acquisition time: 50 ns. Applied voltage: +10 kV. Pulse width: 2500 ns. If Cd I and Cd II transitions are clearly present, the presence of Ag I transitions cannot be asserted with this spectrum and it requires results presented in Supplemental Material 3. Stars denote secondorder transitions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-identified-transitions-corresponding-to-emission-1rua3n6b.png Table 1: Identified transitions corresponding to emission lines depicted in Fig. 2 (unresolved double peaks are denoted with brackets). For lines written in italic, see Supplemental Material 3 for their identifications. Second-order lines are written 2×λ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-color-density-plot-by-mccreery-and-greenside-of-the-2b3vr679.png Fig. 6: a) Color density plot by McCreery and Greenside of the non-uniform surface charge density on the faces of a conducting equipotential cubic surface [16]. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier. b) Schematic illustration of the self-assembly process of metallic Cd nanoparticle chains based on the dipole assembly model by Liao et al. [15]. c) Magnification of a Cd wire showing the shift by a half edge length between primary cubic particles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-evolution-of-selected-emission-lines-a-for-a-11j32nc0.png Fig. 3: Time evolution of selected emission lines a) for a pulse width of 100 ns (data recorded every 50 ns) and b) for a pulse width of 2500 ns (data recorded every 250 ns). Each area is the integrated value of the line intensity over a relevant window of wavelength. The dotted line represent the evolution of the area of the silver transition in the discharge period where this contribution starts emerging as a shoulder of its neighboring Cd I line. The current flowing through the plasma is also given (right scale). The evolution of the double transition at 537.81 nm and 538.19 nm was too weak to be evaluated and plotted in a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-evolution-of-the-voltage-and-current-recorded-for-2wug0o3b.png Fig. 1 Time-evolution of the voltage and current recorded for pulse width of 100, 500 and 2500 ns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-nano-objects-synthesized-at-10-kv-and-4-kv-for-2ygr0hf8.png Fig. 4:Nano-objects synthesized at 10 kV and 4 kV for different pulse widths. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-amphiphilic-sulfonamide-halogenated-porphyrins-egnt4lpan2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-partition-coefficients-log-kow-in-1-octanol-water-of-66egfzs3.png Table 2 Partition coefficients (log KOW) in 1-octanol/water of selected sulfonamide and sulfonic acid porphyrin derivatives https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-yields-of-sulfonamide-and-sulfonic-acid-porphyrin-27b3wu0p.png Table 1 Yields of sulfonamide and sulfonic acid porphyrin derivatives (4a–f; 5a–f; 6a–f) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-maldi-tofms-data-for-6f-acquired-with-dhb-vj3v6i6h.png Figure 2. MALDI-TOFMS data for 6f, acquired with DHB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-maldi-tofms-spectra-for-a-6e-and-b-5c-acquired-with-y28w3pih.png Figure 1. MALDI-TOFMS spectra for (a) 6e and (b) 5c, acquired with DCTB. Inset shows comparison of theoretical (i) and observed (ii) isotope patterns. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-bench-stable-solid-triorganoindium-reagents-and-58n5jqp74x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ligand-optimization-studies-a-2cpoin3l.png Table 1. Ligand optimization studies a . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-preparation-of-solid-triorganoindium-complexes-a-16d34kk8.png Table 2. Preparation of solid triorganoindium complexes a . https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-palladium-catalyzed-cross-coupling-reactions-of-32tlkd69.png Table 4. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of solid alkynylindium complex 9 with organic electrophiles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-reactivity-of-complex-1-over-time-py4egunw.png Table 6. Reactivity of complex 1 over time. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-palladium-catalyzed-cross-coupling-reactions-of-1dz9gg77.png Table 5. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of solid tribenzylindium(DMAP) complex (10) with organic electrophiles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ph3in-dmap-stoichiometry-experiments-dmap-ph3in-x-3002a3tn.png Fig. 1. Ph3In(DMAP) stoichiometry experiments. • DMAP. ◊ Ph3In. × Benzene (resulting from Ph3In decomposition). https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-functionalized-molecular-motors-3pq5k98jza 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-functionalized-molecular-motors-4-and-5-kvlb76w5.png Figure 2 Functionalized molecular motors 4 and 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-first-generation-molecular-motor-1-the-second-52ftnq2e.png Figure 1 The first-generation molecular motor 1, the second generation molecular motor 2, and the five-membered ring containing molecular motor 3. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-furfural-from-pre-ball-milled-sunflower-husks-2xld78lyjz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-most-likely-mechanism-for-acid-hydrolysis-of-2eqnlp57.png Figure 1. The most likely mechanism for acid hydrolysis of polysaccharides, resulting in furfural. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-folate-pegylated-polyester-nanoparticles-3z79ohg3hf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-fitting-the-release-profile-obtained-with-the-2j7y3whr.png Fig. 10 Fitting the release profile obtained with the nanoparticles to Higuchi release model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1h-nmr-spectra-of-ppsu-mal-peg-ppsu-and-fa-peg-ppsu-2vutlz7t.png Fig. 1 1H-NMR spectra of PPSu, MAL–PEG–PPSu and FA–PEG– PPSu https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-structure-of-ixabepilone-and-b-ftir-spectra-of-ixa-1qda8g6y.png Fig. 7 a Structure of ixabepilone and b FTIR spectra of IXA, IXAloaded FA–PEG–PPSu nanoparticles, and FA–PEG–PPSu nanoparticles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-differential-scanning-calorimetry-thermograms-dsc-of-11qdcm1t.png Fig. 4 Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms (DSC) of PPSu, MAL–PEG–PPSu, and FA–PEG–PPSu https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-x-ray-diffraction-xrd-patterns-of-fa-nhs-fa-modified-1tzumr81.png Fig. 3 X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of FA–NHS (FA modified), PPSu-neat, MAL–PEG–PPSu and FA–PEG–PPSu https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ftir-spectra-of-a-ppsu-modified-fa-mal-peg-ppsu-and-fa-1k0damhz.png Fig. 2 FTIR spectra of a PPSu, modified FA, MAL–PEG–PPSu and FA–PEG–PPSu and b Rhodamine-B and Rh–PEG–PPSu https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-viability-of-hela-k-and-mcf7-cells-after-48-h-1vdnb7zk.png Fig. 11 a Viability of HeLa K and MCF7 cells after 48 h incubation with PPSu–PEG and FA–PPSu–PEG nanoparticles. Graphs are the mean of 3 independent experiments ± SD. b Representative image showing the cellular uptake of the FA–PPSu–PEG–Rho nanoparticles in HeLa Kyoto cells, 5 h after their addition to the cell medium. Cell nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33,342 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sem-photograph-of-ixa-loaded-fa-peg-ppsu-nanoparticles-3p0fdhg0.png Fig. 5 SEM photograph of IXA-loaded FA–PEG–PPSu nanoparticles https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-cyclopropanes-via-organoiron-methodology-3mc7zgbb24 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-preparation-of-pentendiyl-iron-complexes-1le8uzcm.png Table 1. Preparation of (Pentendiyl)iron Complexes, Divvinylcyclopropanes, and Cycloheptadienes https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-hollow-spherical-tantalum-oxide-nanoparticles-17o46gafk3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scanning-electron-microscope-sem-image-for-a-bulk-3n4td2zg.png Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image for (a) bulk Ta2O5, and (b) prepared sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-time-course-of-photocatalytic-hydrogen-generation-from-9nym7qoj.png Fig. 7. Time course of photocatalytic hydrogen generation from methanol aqueous solution over co-catalyst loaded bulk Ta2O5 (closed squares), and HSTaO (open circles). The catalyst weight employed was 0.1 g. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-diffuse-reflectance-spectrum-of-a-bulk-ta2o5-and-b-12atyo0u.png Fig. 4. Diffuse reflectance spectrum of (a) bulk Ta2O5 and (b) HSTaO. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-nitrogen-adsorption-desorption-isotherms-at-77-k-for-3r08js30.png Fig. 5. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms at 77 K for template-removal in HSTaO. Open circles are of adsorption and the closed circles are of desorption. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-xrd-powder-diffraction-patterns-of-a-bulk-ta2o5-and-b-wvbueqy9.png Fig. 3. XRD powder diffraction patterns of (a) bulk Ta2O5 and (b) HSTaO. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-surface-area-of-bulk-ta2o5-and-hstao-samples-after-zya261ia.png Table 1 Surface area of bulk Ta2O5 and HSTaO samples after calcination, nickel-loading and photocatalytic reaction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-tg-dta-analysis-of-template-containing-hstao-the-2lz5whfo.png Fig. 6. TG/DTA analysis of template-containing HSTaO. The signal was recorded in the temperature region of 313–1173 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-a-tem-image-of-the-calcined-hstao-particles-b-the-129vudmk.png Fig. 2. (a) A TEM image of the calcined HSTaO particles. (b) The HSTaO particles taken at a higher magnification. The presence of a hole on the wall is marked by a white circle. (c) TEM images of some hollow particles taken at different angles tilted along two perpendicular directions. The tilt axes and the relative tilt angles are marked between the images. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-highly-functionalized-fluorinated-cispentacin-6f8c71fhjc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-molecular-structure-of-compound-11-only-one-of-two-24yc1obk.png Fig. 1. a)Molecular structure of compound 11. Only one of two similar molecules in the asymmetric unit is presented. b)Ball-and-stick model of 11 showing inter- and intramolecular H-bonds. Thermal ellipsoids have been drawn at 30% probability level, and the C H H-atoms are omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-molecular-structure-of-compound-20-h2o-thermal-2pvlmtzz.png Fig. 2. Molecular structure of compound 20 ·H2O. Thermal ellipsoids have been drawn at 30% probability level, and the C H H-atoms are omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-heteroarenes-dyads-from-heteroarenes-and-1kzfmjbtii 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relevant-bioactive-polyheteroaryl-compounds-39o4h6ad.png Figure 1. Relevant bioactive polyheteroaryl compounds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-palladium-catalyzed-heteroarylation-reactions-18mp1lbd.png Figure 2. Palladium-catalyzed heteroarylation reactions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-proposed-mechanism-for-palladium-catalyzed-c6kfqazu.png Figure 3. Proposed mechanism for palladium-catalyzed desulfitative heteroarylation reactions. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-highly-fluorescent-all-conjugated-alternating-18dv2h9osv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-1h-nmr-spectrum-of-the-a-ch2-region-of-p3ht-b-2fzxaxlf.png Figure 3. a) 1H NMR spectrum of the α-CH2 region of P3HT; b) Overlay of the 1H NMR spectra of the α-CH2 regions of P3HT and P3HT-b-P(3HT-alt-P). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-optical-properties-of-p3ht-p-3ht-alt-p-and-p3ht-b-p-3tyx15j5.png Table 3. Optical properties of P3HT, P(3HT-alt-P) and P3HT-b-P(3HT-alt-P) in CHCl3 solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fluorescence-spectra-of-p3ht-p-3ht-alt-p-p3ht-b-p-21ib1aen.png Figure 7. Fluorescence spectra of P3HT, P(3HT-alt-P), P3HT-b-P(3HT-alt-P) and the physical blend of P3HT and P(3HT-alt-P). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gpc-profiles-of-the-p3ht-homopolymer-and-the-p3ht-b-1tj5953x.png Figure 2. GPC profiles of the P3HT homopolymer and the P3HT-b-P(3HT-alt-P) copolymer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-overlay-of-the-oxidation-a-and-reduction-b-scans-of-208ozbfo.png Figure 5. Overlay of the oxidation (a) and reduction (b) scans of P3HT, P(3HT-alt-P), P3HT-bP(3HT-alt-P) and the physical blend of P3HT and P(3HT-alt-P) as determined by cyclic voltammetry. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-grim-polymerization-of-m1-under-different-reaction-1l5p74vd.png Table 1. GRIM polymerization of M1 under different reaction conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-electrochemical-properties-of-p3ht-p-3ht-alt-p-p3ht-2ke3tnjm.png Table 2. Electrochemical properties of P3HT, P(3HT-alt-P), P3HT-b-P(3HT-alt-P) and the physical blend of P3HT and P(3HT-alt-P) (60/40). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rhc-heating-profiles-obtained-at-500-k-min-after-2jeyqcsq.png Figure 4. RHC heating profiles, obtained at 500 K/min after cooling at 20 K/min (2nd heating), of P3HT, P(3HT-alt-P), P3HT-b-P(3HT-alt-P) and the physical blend of P3HT and P(3HTalt-P) (curves shifted vertically for clarity). https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-janus-compounds-for-the-recognition-of-g-u-18d7zvoo39 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-region-of-the-nmr-spectra-of-wt-rna-alone-and-in-meuhfxt6.png Figure 3. Region of the NMR spectra of wt RNA alone and in the presence of 3 mol equiv. of JanusA-Nea2 (A) or JanusB-Nea2 (B) ligands. Imino proton signals are labelled according to the numbering scheme shown in Figure 1. Assignments were taken from Varani et al.12a,13c The RNA concentration was 40 µM in a 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.8, in a 90%/10% H2O/D2O mixture (T = 5ºC). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-melting-temperatures-tm-for-the-complexation-of-the-1y61g3ig.png Table 1. Melting temperatures (Tm) for the complexation of the ligands with Tau RNAs (1 µM both in RNA and in ligands in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.8, 50 mM NaCl and 0.1 mM Na2EDTA). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-uv-melting-profiles-for-the-3-mutated-rna-wo74r2n7.png Figure 2. A) UV melting profiles for the +3 mutated RNA sequence and its ligand complexes with Janus-Neamine and B) Janus-Guanidinoneamine ligands at a [ligand]/RNA ratio of 1.0. C) Fluorescence quenching of +3 RNA labelled with 2-aminopurine-2’-deoxyribonucleotide in the loop upon addition of increasing concentrations of JanusB-Nea2. Measurements were performed with an RNA concentration of 83 nM and ligand concentrations ranging from 0 to 5.43 µM in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 6.8, 50 mM NaCl and 0.1 mM Na2EDTA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-sequences-and-secondary-structure-of-wild-type-wt-8pejjzxi.png Figure 1. A) Sequences and secondary structure of wild-type (wt) and +3, +13, +14 and +16 mutated Tau stem-loop RNAs. Exonic sequences are shown in capital letters and intronic sequences in lower case. Nucleotides involved in base pairs identified previously by NMR are connected by a dash.12a,13c B) Schematic representation of Janus A and Janus B heterocycles binding to G-U mismatched pairs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-binding-of-the-ligands-to-3-rna-2m2a5gmy.png Table 3. Binding of the ligands to +3 RNA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-melting-temperatures-tm-for-the-complexation-of-3u81erq3.png Table 2. Melting temperatures (Tm) for the complexation of ligands with target RNAs (1 µM both in RNA and in ligands in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.8, 50 mM NaCl and 0.1 mM Na2EDTA). https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-meth-acrylamide-based-glycomonomers-using-2b45l4hrxz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sec-measurements-ri-signals-of-the-synthesized-3l7so1gq.png Fig. 5 SEC measurements (RI signals) of the synthesized glycopolymers by aqueous RAFT polymerization and FRP. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-micro-robotic-appendages-considering-different-2clfuicqhe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-fem-setup-and-solid-3d-model-of-the-selected-micro-d3y97rug.png Fig. 5. A FEM setup and solid 3D model of the selected micro-robotic appendage designs, active thin-film PZT elements marked with red, passive (rigid) Si with gray, and passive (soft) parylene-C with blue color. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-synthesis-of-the-micro-robotic-appendages-a-problem-bqcb4nuc.png Fig. 2. Synthesis of the micro-robotic appendages: a) problem definition; b) parameterization of the design domain; c) initial ground structure with selected parylene-C, Si and thin-film PZT elements; d) optimization process (selection between different passive and active elements); e) example of the optimal solution shown in an initial (solid lines) and deformed (dash lines) state when all thin-film PZT’s are active (planar view); f) optimal solution shown in space in an initial (solid) and deformed state (dashed), where end-effector realize displacement in both inplane and out-of-plane direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-performance-characteristics-of-the-micro-robotic-1geitpi8.png Fig. 4. The performance characteristics of the micro-robotic appendage solutions obtained with topology optimization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-topology-optimized-solutions-of-the-mems-terrestrial-2k4d3be2.png Fig. 3. Topology optimized solutions of the MEMS terrestrial micro-robotic appendages (a few representative obtained designs are shown). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-mems-terrestrial-micro-robot-prototype-based-on-thin-3c8b1641.png Fig. 1. a) MEMS terrestrial micro-robot prototype based on thin-film piezoelectric actuators with sample appendage design marked; b) micro-robot appendage tests structure composed of PZT; c) illustration of PZT, polymer and silicon structures arranged in sample appendage; d) illustration of appendage model, used in topology optimization framework [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-fem-simulation-results-for-the-deformation-behavior-of-zf42yc47.png Fig. 6. FEM simulation results for the deformation behavior of the micro-robotic appendage solutions when the input voltage of 15V is applied. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-fem-simulation-results-for-performance-characteristic-zu696hqe.png Fig. 7. FEM simulation results for performance characteristic of the selected micro-robotic appendage solutions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-used-for-the-synthesis-of-the-micro-2decqxyx.png Table 1. Parameters used for the synthesis of the micro-robotic appendages. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-mil-101-g-c3n4-nanocomposite-for-enhanced-rod5o7ppqz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xrd-patterns-of-the-obtained-materials-259q2qy0.png Fig. 1 XRD patterns of the obtained materials https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-co2-adsorption-capacities-on-different-2m77fq4c.png Table 2 Comparison of CO2 adsorption capacities on different adsorbents https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-textural-parameters-of-mil-101-and-mil-101-g-c3n4-35p4o823.png Table 1 Textural parameters of MIL-101 and MIL-101@g-C3N4 nanocomposite https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ftir-spectra-of-mil-101-g-c3n4-and-mil-g-c3n4-3oiq97ru.png Fig. 4 FTIR spectra of MIL-101, g-C3N4 and MIL@ g-C3N4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pore-size-distributions-of-mil-101-and-mil-101-g-c3n4-pt4nk9ap.png Fig. 3 Pore size distributions of MIL-101 and MIL-101@g-C3N4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-argon-adsorption-desorption-isotherms-of-the-obtained-1vfo6mi6.png Fig. 2 Argon adsorption–desorption isotherms of the obtained materials https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-nano-ssz-13-and-its-application-in-the-reaction-4n427pj0mo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-conversion-of-methanol-at-350degc-and-whsv-0-8-h-1-17px2qwd.png Figure 4. Conversion of methanol at 350°C and WHSV=0.8 h -1 on standard and nano-SSZ-13. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sem-images-of-the-standard-ssz-13-a-b-nano-ssz-13-c-111vr0us.png Figure 2. SEM images of the standard SSZ-13, a, b); nano SSZ-13, c, d) and TEM images of Standard SSZ-13, e); nano SSZ-13, f). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-yields-to-c2-c3-c4-and-c5-hydrocarbons-in-the-3nwn0x56.png Figure 5. Yields to C2, C3, C4 and C5+ hydrocarbons in the conversion of standard and nano-SSZ-13 at 350°C and WHSV=0.8 h-1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-framework-si-al-ratio-from-29si-nmr-deconvolution-ojdlqkqn.png Table 2. Framework Si/Al ratio from 29Si NMR deconvolution and acidity measured by adsorption of NH3 at 175°C of calcined samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-textural-properties-of-the-standard-ssz-13-and-nano-1658dk0g.png Table 1. Textural properties of the standard-SSZ-13 and nano-SSZ-13. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-xrd-patterns-of-the-synthesized-standard-ssz-13-1ah7bm39.png Figure 1. The XRD patterns of the synthesized standard SSZ-13 and nano-SSZ-13. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-hydrogen-transfer-index-of-the-samples-in-the-1p242ve9.png Figure 6. The hydrogen transfer index of the samples in the conversion of methanol. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-new-riboflavin-modified-odns-effect-of-15mf7j66ea 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fluorescence-emission-spectra-of-a-rf-tgggag-b-rf-6tyclspy.png Fig. 4 Fluorescence emission spectra of (A) Rf-TGGGAG, (B) Rf-GGGAG, (C) TGGGAG-Rf and (D) TGGGA-Rf at the temperature of 25 °C (black lines) and after heating at 100 °C and fast re-cooling at 25 °C (red lines). The spectra were recorded after excitation at 450 nm, by using a 1-cm path length https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-native-gel-electrophoresis-of-natural-sequence-d-1xcocu0x.png Fig. 1. Native gel electrophoresis of natural sequence d(TGGGAG) and Rf-modified sequences A−D sequences loaded at 50 µM (ss concentration) in two conditions (“−”, no potassium added; “+” 100 mM KCl); 15% polyacrylamide gel supplemented with 10 mM KCl. The gel was run at 26 °C at constant voltage (90 V) for 2.0 h. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thermodynamic-parameters-for-the-g-quadruplex-9tri16am.png Table 1. Thermodynamic parameters for the G-quadruplex dissociation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cd-spectra-of-natural-sequence-d-tgggag-and-rf-3n12r5mu.png Fig. 2 CD spectra of natural sequence d(TGGGAG) and Rf-modified A-D sequences (1x10-4M ss concentration) registered in 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH = 7.0) containing 100 mM KCl. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ic50-and-cc50-values-of-rf-modified-gz1sgygl.png Table 2. IC50 and CC50 values of Rf-modified oligodeoxynucleotides. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dsc-first-heating-black-lines-and-cooling-red-lines-9kmo4vex.png Fig 3. DSC first heating (black lines) and cooling (red lines) profiles of (A) Rf-TGGGAG, (B) RfGGGAG, (C) TGGGAG-Rf and (D) TGGGA-Rf. All the experiments were carried out at 2x10-4M of ss ODNs in 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer + 100 mM KCl (pH 7.0). https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-nitrogen-doped-zigzag-edge-peripheries-dibenzo-3txcmpwwzd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-chemical-structure-and-b-equilibrium-geometry-of-71bdgt4k.png Figure 4. a) Chemical structure and b) equilibrium geometry of infinite ribbon NZGNR. Bond lengths are in line with the quinoid structures B1 and B2 (scheme 2). c),d) Molecular orbitals of N-ZGNR at the end of the valence and conduction band respectively (k = 2π/α). Left: HOCO; right: LUCO. e) Band structure of N-ZGNR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-chemical-structures-of-trimer-tm-and-tetramer-ttm-s7rihed4.png Figure 3. a) Chemical structures of trimer (tm) and tetramer (ttm). b) Equilibrium geometry of tm. Nitrogen-Carbon bond lengths indicate a close to double bond character in line with the A1 form (scheme 2). c) Molecular orbitals of tm. Left: HOMO; right: LUMO. d) spin density plot of the triplet state of tm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-crystal-structure-of-cycloaddition-product-17-26wib7j9.png Figure 2. a) Crystal structure of cycloaddition product 17 showing selective 1,3- addition to the nitrogen side; b) proposed transient state of [2+3] cycloaddition reaction between DBAPhen 5 and DMAD; c) – e) UV-vis absorption of precursors 11, 12, 16 and in-situ generated solutions of DBAPhens 5, 6, 7 in DCM immediately after addition of base. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-phenalene-1-and-aza-derivatives-2-4-1ib5mnk5.png Figure 1. Phenalene 1 and aza-derivatives 2 - 4; dibenzoazaphenalenes 5 - 6 and their repeated structural motif in dimer 7. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-new-star-like-triply-ferrocenylated-compounds-1cmz61o810 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-uv-vis-spectra-of-compounds-1-and-2-in-ch2cl2-1u3w6p9p.png Figure 1. Uv-Vis spectra of compounds 1 and 2 in CH2Cl2. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-nitrogenated-heterocycles-by-asymmetric-2812lczmdd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-x-ray-structure-of-compound-4g-for-an-ortep-plot-3rzn2z9j.png Figure 1. X-Ray Structure of Compound 4g (for an ORTEP plot and detailed crystallographic information, see the Supporting Information) https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-non-interferent-timed-systems-48ip345tgh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-for-the-snni-vp-2uofwmnw.png Table 1.Results for the SNNI-VP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-automatonb-2cbqgsqs.png Fig. 6.AutomatonB https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-results-20sx54vv.png Table 2.Summary of the Results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-automatona-k-mg5fn0mj.png Fig. 1.AutomatonA(k) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-automatonk-3owztzoo.png Fig. 5.The AutomatonK https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-non-natural-amino-acids-from-n-p-tolylsulfonyl-1x68opgtkv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-obtained-on-treatment-of-o-p-tolylsulfinyl-a-17w7tvtu.png Table 2. Results obtained on treatment of O-(p-tolylsulfinyl)-α,β-didehydroserine derivatives with nitrogen nucleophiles https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-yields-obtained-in-the-synthesis-of-b-1koqiraz.png Table 1. Yields obtained in the synthesis of β-aminodehydroamino acid derivatives https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-yields-obtained-on-treatment-of-several-dehydroamino-20ayqdaa.png Table 3. Yields obtained on treatment of several dehydroamino acid derivatives with oxygen nucleophiles https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-novel-cyclic-nitrones-with-gem-difluoroalkyl-3lai0jljrv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-x-ray-structure-analysis-of-26a-and-26b-20h6rmdw.png Figure 3. X-Ray structure analysis of 26a and 26b. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-poly-oligo-hexafluoropropylene-oxide-2jxf96gjzy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-19-f-nmr-spectrum-of-poly-vdf-g-oligo-hfpo-graft-2jdm5xgf.png Figure 1. 19 F-NMR spectrum of Poly[VDF-g-oligo(HFPO)] graft copolymer (RXN #4, Table 1) using acetone as the solvent and a C6D6 capillary. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-contact-angle-with-water-thwater-and-with-hexadecane-334xdrg6.png Table 3. Contact angle with water (θwater) and with hexadecane (θhexadecane), and surface energy γ (divided in the dispersive γ d and the polar γ p component) of thin films of poly(VDF-g-oligo(HFPOPIPE) graft copolymers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-conditions-and-results-for-the-radical-237vwcnu.png Table 2. Experimental Conditions and Results for the Radical Copolymerization of oligo(HFPO)PIPE with VDF. β https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-thermal-gravimetric-analysis-thermograms-under-2cab73fe.png Figure 2: Thermal gravimetric analysis thermograms, under nitrogen, of poly[VDF-g-oligo(HFPOPIPE] graft copolymers: weight loss (a) and first derivative of the weight (b) as a function of temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-pd9ru-pt-nanoparticles-for-oxygen-reduction-4v2k730v4b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-in-the-specific-activity-and-mass-activity-2u8y8xsn.png Fig. 11. Comparison in the specific activity and mass activity for oxygen reduction reaction from Pd9Ru@Pt/C and Pt/C. The current value is determined at 0.9 V (vs. RHE) from Fig. 9 and the electrochemical active surface area is estimated from Fig. 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-ru-k-edge-xanes-spectra-of-pdru-c-pd3ru-c-pd9ru-c-279vom6d.png Fig. 3. The Ru K-edge XANES spectra of PdRu/C, Pd3Ru/C, Pd9Ru/C, Ru, and RuO2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-xrd-patterns-of-pdru-c-pd3ru-c-and-pd9ru-c-as-well-2n4amjc1.png Fig. 2. The XRD patterns of PdRu/C, Pd3Ru/C, and Pd9Ru/C, as well as fcc Pd (JCPDS: no. 88-2335) and hcp Ru (JCPDS: no. 06-0663). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-a-rde-measurements-of-the-orr-curves-from-pd9ru-pt-c-2974mg14.png Fig. 12. (a) RDE measurements of the ORR curves from Pd9Ru@Pt/C at various rotation speeds. (b) the Koutecky-Levich plot at different voltages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-cv-profiles-of-pdru-c-pd3ru-c-pd9ru-c-ru-c-and-pd-3bevj5mi.png Fig. 7. The CV profiles of PdRu/C, Pd3Ru/C, Pd9Ru/C, Ru/C, and Pd/C in deaerated 0.1 M HClO4 aqueous solution at a scan rate of 50 mV s -1 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-pd-k-edge-exafs-fourier-transformed-exafs-spectra-3r0a7rbw.png Fig. 6. The Pd K-edge EXAFS Fourier-transformed EXAFS spectra and their respective fitting results for PdRu/C, Pd3Ru/C, and Pd9Ru/C from Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-orr-activities-in-apparent-current-density-for-2amhqfhf.png Fig. 8. The ORR activities in apparent current density for PdRu/C, Pd3Ru/C, and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-representative-tem-images-of-a-pdru-c-b-pd3ru-c-1ideemxj.png Fig. 1. The representative TEM images of (a) PdRu/C, (b) Pd3Ru/C, and (c) Pd9Ru/C. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-poly-2-ethyl-2-oxazoline-b-poly-styrene-573z50lphh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-semilogarithmic-plot-for-crop-of-etox-initiated-by-1uwrlzcs.png Figure 1. Semilogarithmic plot for CROP of EtOx initiated by BrEBBr at different polymerization temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-maldi-tof-ms-spectrum-of-brebbr-initiated-crop-of-14thipuj.png Figure 3. MALDI-TOF MS spectrum of BrEBBr-initiated CROP of EtOx. NaI was used as a salt in the DCTB matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-molecular-weight-and-polydispersity-indices-of-2j43p5un.png Figure 2. Molecular weight and polydispersity indices of PEtOx plotted against monomer conversions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characterization-data-of-petox-b-ps-after-22lcf35n.png Table 3. Characterization Data of PEtOx-b-PS after Purification https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-afm-height-image-recorded-on-micelles-obtained-from-1s9mg1dc.png Figure 9. AFM height image recorded on micelles, obtained from copolymer P7, deposited on a silicon substrate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-conversion-and-molecular-weight-data-of-relatively-15pshs05.png Table 1. Conversion and Molecular Weight Data of Relatively High Molecular Weight PEtOx Homopolymers https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-conversion-and-molecular-weight-data-of-petox-b-ps-15g2z4kf.png Table 2. Conversion and Molecular Weight Data of PEtOx-b-PS Prior to Purification https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-arrhenius-plot-of-brebbr-initiated-crop-of-etox-in-2t14lki2.png Figure 4. Arrhenius plot of BrEBBr-initiated CROP of EtOx in AN. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-polyynes-using-dicobalt-masking-groups-50q83rmfw7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-dicobalt-complexation-of-an-alkyne-b-c18-365hn8qx.png Figure 1. a) Dicobalt complexation of an alkyne, b) C18 hexacobalt complex,20 c) [8,8]paracyclophaneoctayne octacobalt complex,21 d) tetracobalt masked polyynes (this work). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-displacement-ellipsoid-plots-of-regioisomers-8a-and-3lgmi27f.png Figure 8. Displacement ellipsoid plots of regioisomers 8a and 8b (H atoms and disorder omitted for clarity, thermal ellipsoids drawn at 50% probability) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-displacement-ellipsoid-plots-of-2a-and-2b-h-atoms-138twyxu.png Figure 7. Displacement ellipsoid plots of 2a and 2b (H atoms and solvent omitted for clarity, thermal ellipsoids drawn at 50% probability). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-displacement-ellipsoid-plots-of-2a-4-and-6-h-atoms-18smcyst.png Figure 9. Displacement ellipsoid plots of 2a, 4 and 6 (H atoms omitted for clarity, thermal ellipsoids drawn at 50% probability) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bond-lengths-and-angles-in-crystal-structures-of-15p99ge8.png Table 2. Bond lengths and angles in crystal structures of compounds 2a, 4 and 6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-1h-and-13c-chemical-shifts-and-1jn8derp.png Table 1. Comparison of 1H and 13C chemical shifts and acetylenic C-H stretch frequencies in cobalt and supertrityl oligoynes.15 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-partial-13c-nmr-spectra-of-isomers-2a-and-2b-125-1jdh862l.png Figure 3. Partial 13C NMR spectra of isomers 2a and 2b (125 MHz, CDCl3) with proposed assignments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-partial-1h-nmr-spectra-of-isomers-2a-and-2b-500-mhz-y19o1xqt.png Figure 2. Partial 1H NMR spectra of isomers 2a and 2b (500 MHz, CDCl3). https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-potentially-bioactive-lactosyl-oligofructosides-52d9e7f9ap 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diez-municio-et-al-613-2a1xlyjn.png Figure 3. Díez-Municio et al. 613 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-concentration-and-relative-percentages-of-the-most-10gabazu.png Table 1. Concentration and relative percentages of the most-abundant synthesized lactosyl-591  oligofructosides (LFOS) from DP4 to DP7 and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) from DP3 to 592  DP6 upon transfructosylation reaction in the presence of sucrose:lactosucrose or 593  sucrose:lactose mixtures (250 g L-1 each substrate) under the optimum reaction conditions. 594  Data shown as mean ± sd (n = 3). 595 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diez-municio-et-al-606-a-607-picegh4z.png Figure 1. Díez-Municio et al. 606  A) 607 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-diez-municio-et-al-626-h35jnrq0.png Figure 5. Díez-Municio et al. 626 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1h-500-mhz-and-13c-125-mhz-nmr-spectral-data-for-20pzxext.png Table 2. 1H (500 MHz) and 13C (125 MHz) NMR spectral data for oligosaccharides B-D. Chemical shift (δ, ppm) and coupling constants (J in Hz, in 604  parentheses). 605 https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-reversible-logic-circuits-3j3y79pcmo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-grover-operator-circuit-with-oracle-highlighted-1tg2emxf.png Figure 11: A Grover-operator circuit with oracle highlighted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-circuitc-with-n-k-wiresy-of-temporary-storage-37fyaew6.png Figure 4: CircuitC with n k wiresY of temporary storage. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-optimal-3-1-oracle-circuits-for-grovers-search-1na8ojzr.png Table 2: Optimal 3+1 oracle circuits for Grover’s search. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-equivalences-between-reversible-circuits-used-in-yeuf24gp.png Figure 7: Equivalences between reversible circuits used in our constructions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-permutations-computable-in-an-optimall-3e4l0jgv.png Table 1: Number of permutations computable in an optimalL-circuit using a given number of gates.L CNTS. Runtimes are in seconds for a 2GHz Pentium-4 Xeon CPU. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-circuitsni-for-i-8-the-superscript-is-interpreted-12sk3dzc.png Figure 6: CircuitsNi for i < 8. The superscript is interpreted as a binary number, whose non-zero bits correspond to the location of inverters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-worst-casel-circuits-wherel-is-nt-cnt-and-cnts-10q74ijh.png Figure 9: Worst-caseL-circuits whereL is NT, CNT and CNTS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-optimal-c-circuits-for-c-constructible-permutations-27mbvkko.png Figure 5: Optimal C-circuits for C-constructible permutations on 2 wires. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-quaternary-aryl-phosphonium-salts-photoredox-2ecmv7ymug 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-scope-of-the-arylation-reaction-18ynaz2q.png Table 2. Scope of the arylation reaction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-survey-of-initiation-methods-1vziqvuq.png Table 1. Survey of initiation methods. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-rna-nucleotides-in-plausible-prebiotic-4w3yxzkjfi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pictorial-representation-of-nucleotide-formation-1le8a4xu.png Figure 1: Pictorial representation of nucleotide formation from PRPP and purine/pyrimidine bases: current biological pathway versus putative prebiotic hydrothermal conditions suggested from the present work. Current living forms exploit the enzymatic catalysis of phosphoribosyltransferases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-free-energy-as-a-function-of-the-path-collective-1nangu2t.png Figure 4: Free energy as a function of the path collective variables s and z for nucleotide formation. Panel a) and b) are associated to UMP and AMP synthesis respectively. Region Au/Aa correspond to deprotonated nucleobase and PRPP, while Bu/Ba and Cu/Ca indicate the transition state and nucleotide (UMP and AMP) regions respectively. Levels in the contour map correspond to increments of 1.7 kcal/mol. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-representative-structures-of-reactants-au-and-aa-2eznmb2r.png Figure 3: Representative structures of reactants (Au and Aa), transition states (Bu and Ba), and products (Cu and Ca) during the nucleotide formation from PRPP and uracil or adenine, respectively. The transition states are identified by committor analysis and display the typical geometry of SN2 mechanisms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mass-spectrometry-esi-it-ms-negative-mode-of-a-amp-2on7s0ac.png Figure 5: Mass spectrometry (ESI-IT-MS –negative mode) of (a) AMP reference solution, with the peak at 345.9 amu corresponding to (AMP–1H)−, (b) fragmentation of peak at 345.9 amu in AMP reference, (c) complete spectrum for PRPP + adenine solution activated at 120 oC, (d) same spectrum zoomed in the AMP region (337-358 amu), and (e) fragmentation of the peak at 345.9 amu from the PRPP + adenine sample. Peak labeling: A, adenine; RP, ribose phosphate; RcP, ribose cyclic phosphate; RP2, ribose diphosphate; RPcP, ribose-phosphate-cyclic phosphate (See SI for further details) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relative-free-energy-values-for-reactants-a-2l71n94c.png Figure 2: Relative free-energy values for reactants (A, arbitrarily set to zero), transition states (B), and products for the nucleotide synthesis (C). Free-energy levels for uracil (pyrimidine) and adenine (purine) pathways are depicted in green and orange respectively. ”N*” represents the nitrogen from the nucleobase participating in the glycosidic bond. State A results from a proton transfer from the nucleobase to PRPP, with a free energy cost estimated as 3.3 and 1.2 kcal/mol for uracil and adenine, respectively (see Supporting Information). https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-robust-hierarchical-silica-monoliths-by-surface-1sfgqok0xf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sem-pictures-of-different-transversal-sections-of-3yy14h14.png Figure 5. SEM pictures of different transversal sections of the honeycomb cordierite monolith Surface Mediated Filled with Pluronic® F127 mesoporous silica (F127-Meso-M). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-scanning-electron-microscopy-images-of-p123-meso-m-tkkt8vtf.png Figure 6. Scanning Electron Microscopy images of P123-Meso-M (a and b) and PEG-Meso-M (c and d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sem-images-of-f127-meso-l-surface-mediated-filling-1cn1mlhf.png Figure 8. SEM images of F127-Meso-L Surface Mediated Filling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-optical-and-scanning-electron-microscopy-images-of-7jkcj7cs.png Figure 7. Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy images of the sample F127-Meso-T. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sem-images-of-the-sample-f127-meso-c-21u2d03p.png Figure 9. SEM images of the sample F127-Meso-C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-samples-prepared-in-this-study-indicating-the-13h5n77w.png Table 1. Samples prepared in this study, indicating the support used in each case (M: honeycomb cordierite monolith, T: glass tube, L: steel line and C: fused silica capillaries), the porosity agent used in the SiO2 filling and the porous nature of the previously silica thin film deposited. The final shrinkage (%) observed in each sample is shown, as estimated by SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-fe-sem-images-of-the-mesoporous-silica-thin-film-30ehxhka.png Figure 10. FE-SEM images of the mesoporous silica thin film, before (a) and after treatment with a urea solution at 120ºC (b) and the microporous thin film before (c) and after treatment with urea (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tem-images-of-both-silica-thin-films-microporous-jstpjpss.png Figure 1. TEM images of both silica thin films. Microporous/amorphous silica thin film (left) and mesoporous ordered structure (right). https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-shaped-beam-radiation-patterns-at-millimeter-4i67brehas 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-horn-antenna-radiation-pattern-for-the-main-planes-and-18dct9k4.png Fig. 3 – Horn antenna radiation pattern for the main planes and corresponding fitting function at 30 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-output-ray-tilt-versus-the-radial-distance-over-the-15xphrn3.png Fig. 4 – Output ray tilt 𝛼(𝜌) versus the radial distance over the transmit-array surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-phase-distribution-a-and-corresponding-cell-3iohkjn1.png Fig. 6 – Phase distribution (a) and corresponding cell arrangement for a quarter of the lens (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-simulated-and-measured-transmit-array-radiation-1vyox4k1.png Fig. 11 - Simulated and measured transmit-array radiation pattern including the support structure at 30 GHz, in φ=0˚ plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-full-wave-simulated-near-field-of-the-transmit-array-10ayy1ks.png Fig. 8 – Full-wave simulated near-field of the transmit-array at 30 GHz, showing the edge diffraction contribution, in φ=0˚ plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-measurement-setup-showing-the-feeding-horn-and-the-pxfypjmf.png Fig. 10 – Measurement setup showing the feeding horn and the transmit-array mounted on the support. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-full-wave-simulated-radiation-pattern-of-the-transmit-11exuwa9.png Fig. 7 - Full-wave simulated radiation pattern of the transmit-array at 29 GHz, 30 GHz and 31 GHz with circular polarization in φ=0˚ plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-po-radiation-pattern-of-the-transmit-array-at-30-ghz-219lp3p8.png Fig. 9 - PO radiation pattern of the transmit-array at 30 GHz with circular polarization in φ=0˚ plane. Solid lines: aperture fields obtained from the GO synthesis method. Dashed lines: aperture fields obtained from the original full-wave problem, but the PO integration is restricted to the transmit array aperture only. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-some-vanillin-derivatives-and-their-use-as-an-tac7f28iuo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-uv-visible-spectra-of-vanilin-1-in-ethanol-at-various-30ja5h4d.png Fig. 1. UV – visible spectra of vanilin 1 in ethanol at various amounts of DEA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-uv-visible-spectra-of-vanilin-2-in-vthanol-at-various-2tudkwkp.png Fig. 2. UV – visible spectra of vanilin 2 in vthanol at various amount of DEA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-uv-visible-spectra-of-vanilin-4-in-ethanol-at-various-1rwvv7pi.png Fig. 4. UV – visible spectra of vanilin 4 in ethanol at various amount of DEA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-uv-visible-spectra-of-vanilin-5-in-ethanol-at-various-y8f1dztf.png Fig. 5. UV – visible spectra of vanilin 5 in ethanol at various amount of DEA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-uv-visible-spectra-of-vanilin-3-in-ethanol-at-various-2fihdy81.png Fig. 3. UV – visible spectra of vanilin 3 in ethanol at various amount of DEA . https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-data-for-vanillin-dyes-1-6-1wglcweq.png Table 1. Physical data for vanillin dyes 1-6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-uv-visible-spectra-of-vanilin-6-in-ethanol-at-various-38s2dmy3.png Fig. 6. UV – visible spectra of vanilin 6 in ethanol at various amount of TEA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-h-nmr-data-of-vanilins-1-6-3017dm55.png Table 2. H-NMR data of vanilins 1-6. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-the-elements-in-stars-forty-years-of-progress-3zkt8xyoll 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-excitation-functions-for-the-reactions-54cr-p-g-55mn-23c5ppmi.png FIG. 13. Excitation functions for the reactions 54Cr(p ,g) 55Mn (black dots), and 54Cr(p ,n) 54Mn (3’s). The rapid decrease in the g ray yield beginning near 2.3 MeV is caused by the rapid opening of the neutron channel for breakup of the compound nucleus. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-astrophysically-important-energy-levels-of-12c-1lkg7ygd.png FIG. 2. The astrophysically important energy levels of 12C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-the-s-process-reaction-path-in-the-nd-pm-sm-region-11twh9x8.png FIG. 16. The s-process reaction path in the Nd/Pm/Sm region with the branchings at A5147, 148, and 149. Note that 148Sm and 150Sm are shielded against the r process. These two isotopes define the strength of the branching. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-mean-relative-abundance-ratios-of-light-s-process-289gu39q.png FIG. 21. Mean relative abundance ratios of ‘‘light’’ s-process elements Sr, Y, and Zr (top panel), ‘‘heavy’’ s-process elements Ba, La, and Ce (middle panel), and r-process elements Sm, Eu, and Dy (bottom panel), as functions of stellar metallicity [Fe/H]. The relative abundances are defined as @A/B#[log10(NA /NB)star – log 10(NA /NB)( for elements A and B . In each panel the dotted horizontal lines represent the solar abundance ratios of these elements: filled circles, McWilliam et al. (1995); open circles, Gilroy et al. (1988); open squares, Ryan et al. (1996); plus signs, Ryan et al. (1992); filled circles, Gratton and Sneden (1994); filled triangles, Magain (1989), Zhao and Magain (1990, 1991); crosses, Edvardsson et al. (1993) in the top and middle panels, Woolf et al. (1995) in the lower panel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-s-factors-of-the-e1-component-of-12c-a-g-o47kgu4m.png FIG. 4. Experimental s factors of the E1 component of 12C(a,g)16O. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-s-factors-of-the-e2-component-of-12c-a-g-x46qbd0t.png FIG. 5. Experimental s factors of the E2 component of 12C(a,g)16O. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-nena-and-mgal-cycles-for-t9-0-05-and-r-100-g-cm-3-10978t0f.png FIG. 6. The NeNa and MgAl cycles for T9=0.05 and r=100 g/cm 3. Arrows show integrated fluxes with the heavy lines indicating the strongest flows and the dashed lines representing the weakest. Shaded boxes denote stable nuclei and double boxes indicate the presence of an isomeric state. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-extrapolated-values-of-se2-e050-3-mev-obtained-3o8z6kny.png TABLE III. Extrapolated values of SE2(E050.3 MeV) obtained from direct measurements of the differential capture cross section. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-substituted-1-thiocyanatobutadienes-and-their-10dr54ea9t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-stereoselectivity-of-the-enolisation-of-enone-11-34y3mn7t.png Table 2. Stereoselectivity of the enolisation of enone 11 under kinetically controlled condition https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-study-of-stereoselectivity-of-the-enolisation-of-r9xg51a6.png Table 1. Study of stereoselectivity of the enolisation of enone 11 under thermodynamic conditions https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-stable-mesostructured-coupled-semiconductor-4r82pce099 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-edsdataof-a-meso-13cds-60tio2-b-meso-10cdse60tio2-c-18cygxrb.png Figure 8. EDSdataof (a)meso-13CdS-60TiO2, (b)meso-10CdSe60TiO2, (c) bulk CdS, and (d) bulk CdSe. The inset is a plot of the intensity ratio of S/Ti, measured using EDS, versus the Cd/Timole ratio, incorporated into the film samples, of meso-xCdS-60TiO2 (where x is 2, 5, 10, and 13). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sem-images-of-the-meso-13cd-ii-60tio2-film-samples-3c090qdp.png Figure 7. SEM images of the meso-13Cd(II)-60TiO2 film samples after H2Se reaction (a) under pure H2Se and (b) under an H2Se/N2 atmosphere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-uv-vis-absorption-spectra-of-a-fresh-and-b-aged-1ohqeilc.png Figure 10. UV-vis absorption spectra of (a) fresh and (b) aged meso-13Cd(II)-60TiO2 at 130 C and (c) reacted with H2S, (d) meso-13CdS-60TiO2, and (e) meso-13CdSe-TiO2 film samples. The spectra in (d) and (e) are recorded using thicker film samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-raman-spectra-ofmeso-13cd-ii-60tio2-after-theh2se-1o0d51xh.png Figure 9. Raman spectra ofmeso-13Cd(II)-60TiO2 after theH2Se reaction (a) under pure H2Se and (b) under an H2Se/N2 atmosphere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-photographs-of-the-transparent-mesostructured-film-2mi8jd89.png Figure 1. Photographs of the transparent mesostructured film samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-xrd-patterns-of-a-series-of-samples-prepared-using-3vcvy9r2.png Figure 2. XRD patterns of a series of samples, prepared using a Ti/P123 mol ratio of 60 and Cd/P123 ratios of (a) 2, (b) 5, (c) 10, (d) 13, and (e) 0. The bottom samples (black) are as prepared, the middle samples (red) are after aging at 130 C for 4 h, and the top samples (blue) are after H2S reaction on each set. The two patterns in (e) are obtained from the Cd(II) free samples; the bottom is the fresh (black) and the top (red) is the aged (at 130 C for 4 h) sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ftir-spectra-of-a-mesostructured-titania-prepared-1ktbm9ga.png Figure 4. FTIR spectra of (a) mesostructured titania prepared using HCl as the acid source with a Ti/P123 mol ratio of 60 and samples prepared using HNO3 with a Cd/P123 mol ratio of 2 and Ti/P123 mol ratios of (b) 40 and (c) 80. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tem-images-of-a-meso-13cd-ii-60tio2-and-b-d-meso-3bsy03uc.png Figure 3. TEM images of (a) meso-13Cd(II)-60TiO2 and (b-d) meso-13CdS-60TiO2 at different magnifications. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-tin-oxide-nanocrystalline-phases-via-use-of-tin-4tvt6apxa3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-powder-diffraction-data-for-vapor-deposited-product-17guofv0.png Figure 5 Powder diffraction data for vapor-deposited product. Annealing temperatures are indicated. Indexing for tetragonal SnO2 is shown above top trace. Traces are offset for clarity but not otherwise scaled. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sem-image-of-vapor-deposited-powder-123cslb8.png Figure 6 SEM image of vapor-deposited powder. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-powder-x-ray-diffraction-data-for-precipitated-3j4ivohb.png Figure 2 Powder X-ray diffraction data for precipitated products obtained from SnCl2 heated under air with NH3(aq). (A) Powder as obtained. Open triangles indicate peaks assigned to tetragonal SnO, open diamonds indicate tetragonal SnO2, and asterisks mark unassigned phase. (B) Powder after heating in air for 2 h at 600 °C. Open triangle indicates SnO 101 peak, open diamonds mark SnO2 peaks, and the filled triangle indicates the position of the β-Sn 202 reflection. Positions and relative intensities for peaks assigned to Sn3O4 [PDF# 16-737] are shown below the data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ftir-data-for-vapor-deposition-intermediate-36z89exf.png Figure 7 FTIR data for vapor deposition intermediate solutions. Samples were generated using SnBr2 heated in methanol (or ethanol)/water solvent mixtures. Spectra have been offset for clarity and the scale is indicated by the 0.05 absorbance unit bar shown on each plot. (A) Samples coated on IR card and dried for 2 h at 40 °C. (B) Sample taken from methanol solvent mixture, coated on CaF2 substrate, and annealed sequentially at the temperatures indicated. The absorbance values of the bottom two traces have been divided by 2. Upper trace shows reference SnO2 sol heated under the same conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-powder-diffraction-data-for-precipitated-sample-xmx3yy51.png Figure 3 Powder diffraction data for precipitated sample prepared from SnCl2 heated under air without aqueous NH3. Positions and relative intensities of Sn6O4(OH)4 peaks [PDF# 46-1486] are shown below the data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-conditions-and-product-identification-1gfjjxg0.png Table 1. Experimental Conditions and Product Identification for Key Reactions https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-revisited-generating-statechart-models-from-tiva0uj4oj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-synthesized-display-statechart-1ge66knn.png Fig. 6. Synthesized Display statechart https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-synthesized-antenna-statechart-pzybafkn.png Fig. 5. Synthesized Antenna statechart https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-a-universal-lsc-8emsp5j2.png Fig. 1. Example of a universal LSC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-opening-and-closing-the-antenna-2q4d8aqf.png Fig. 4. Opening and Closing the Antenna https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-open-cover-10v14vzu.png Fig. 3. Open Cover https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-inconsistent-lscs-6vooy0fw.png Fig. 2. Inconsistent LSCs https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-zno-nanoparticles-by-flame-spray-pyrolysis-and-3mx73yc0vr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-characterisation-protocol-and-the-39moisut.png Table 2: Summary of characterisation protocol and the information obtained from each technique. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-histograms-to-show-the-1df8wiqz.png Figure 3: Histograms to show the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tem-images-of-a-morphologies-present-in-the-sam-of-1txvxyqt.png Figure 2: TEM images of: (a morphologies present in the sam of particles inset; (b) an atomi with the 10¯10 lattice https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-tem-image-and-b-saed-pattern-showing-the-sintered-3da9xyzb.png Figure 8: (a)TEM image and (b) SAED pattern showing the sintered ZnO nanoparticles after they have been heated to 800°C for TGA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-plot-from-tga-showing-the-mass-of-the-sample-2emnu6fs.png Figure 7: (a) Plot from TGA showing the mass of the sample decreasing continuously as the temperature is increased up to 800°C, at a rate of 10°C /min. (b) Gram-shmidt total absorbance (c) O-H absorbance and (d) C-O absorbance plotted against temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-light-scattering-profile-for-a-0-1-w-v-suspension-2vf2bhzv.png Figure 4: Light scattering profile for a 0.1 % w/v suspension of ZnO nanoparticles dispersed in MilliQ water by (a) intensity, (b) volume and (c) number. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-xrd-peak-positions-for-th-values-for-zincite-mrykl6dq.png Table 1: XRD peak positions for th values for zincite extracted from t https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ftir-spectrum-for-the-zno-nanopowder-a-shortly-1ixlc46y.png Figure 5: FTIR spectrum for the ZnO nanopowder (a) shortly after preparation, (b) after ageing showing the increase in adsorbed water molecules and carbon dioxide on the surface and (c) after heating to 900°C showing evidence for the elimination of the O-H band and the organic carbonyl peaks previously observed. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-structure-and-electrochemical-properties-of-k-h2adg39tp2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-structure-of-orthorhombic-k2cu2-so4-3-shown-along-28ilp2sy.png Figure 4: a) Structure of orthorhombic K2Cu2(SO4)3 shown along the [100] axis. The CuOx polyhedra and SO4 tetrahedra are shown in blue and red, respectively, with the oxygen atoms in grey. The potassium atoms are represented as yellow balls. b) Connectivity of the CuOx polyhedra and SO4 tetrahedra in K2Cu2(SO4)3. c) Local coordination of K1 and K2 with the respective K-O bond lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-high-temperature-in-situ-xrd-experiment-on-k2cu2-rqfpqtgq.png Figure 8: High-temperature in situ XRD experiment on K2Cu2(SO4)3, which was heated from 50 °C to 620 °C and cooled down to 100 °C under nitrogen flow. The blue, green and purple pattern correspond to the pristine K2Cu2(SO4)3, the transition range (biphasic domain) and to fedotovite K2Cu3O(SO4)3 respectively. The grey patterns correspond to decomposition products. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-crystallographic-data-and-atomic-positions-of-k2fe2-xn1iyvpg.png Table 1: Crystallographic data and atomic positions of K2Fe2(SO4)3 deduced from Rietveld refinements of its Xray powder diffraction pattern. The isotropic temperature values (Biso) and the results from Bond Valence Sum (BVS) analyses are listed in last two columns. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rietveld-refinement-of-the-x-ray-diffraction-327ngmpy.png Figure 1: Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction pattern of K2Fe2(SO4)3. The red crosses, black line, and green line represent the observed, calculated and difference patterns, respectively. The positions of the Bragg reflections are shown as vertical blue bars. b) Structure of K2Fe2(SO4)3, where the FeO6 octahedra and SO4 tetrahedra are shown in blue and light blue, respectively. O and K atoms are illustrated as grey and orange spheres. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-crystallographic-data-and-atomic-positions-of-k2cu2-1jrwfk2u.png Table 2: Crystallographic data and atomic positions of K2Cu2(SO4)3 determined from Rietveld refinements of its synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction pattern. The isotropic temperature values (Biso) and the results from Bond Valence Sum (BVS) analyses are listed in last two columns. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-electron-diffraction-data-for-k2cu2-so4-3-in-the-1097yuya.png Figure 3: a) Electron diffraction data for K2Cu2(SO4)3. In the patterns taken along the main zone axis (square patterns), reflections violating h00: h=2n; 0k0: k=2n; 00l: l=2n extinction conditions reappear owing to the dynamical effects. The reflection conditions are unambiguously observed when the crystal is tilted away from the zone axis, so that only a single row of reflections fulfills the diffraction conditions (rectangular patterns). b) Rietveld refinement of the synchrotron XRD and neutron powder diffraction patterns of K2Cu2(SO4)3. The red crosses, black line, and green line represent the observed, calculated and difference patterns, respectively. The positions of the Bragg reflections are shown as vertical blue bars. The second phase in the neutron diffraction pattern stems from the vanadium can. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-temperature-dependence-of-the-a-c-conductivity-of-jky9hg36.png Figure 7: Temperature dependence of the a.c. conductivity of K2Cu2(SO4)3 and its activation energy Ea deduced from the Arrhenius equation (a). These activation energies are physically not related to the percolation energies deduced from BVEL. The inset shows the measured impedance spectrum at 363 °C and the circuit used for the fit. The observed drop of conductivity around 380 °C suggests a phase transformation (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-xrd-patterns-of-pristine-k2cu2-so4-3-orange-and-15c859zp.png Figure 6: XRD patterns of pristine K2Cu2(SO4)3 (orange) and chemically oxidized K2Cu2(SO4)3 using NO2BF4 (blue pattern). The purple and red XRD patterns were recorded ex situ after charge and discharge of K2Cu2(SO4)3. The peak marked with * corresponds to KBF4. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-structural-characterization-and-properties-of-503jigt54n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-statistical-parameter-r-for-the-refinement-hyperquad-2tfplx2c.png Fig. 3. Statistical parameter, r, for the refinement (Hyperquad) of PC titration curves using Models 1–3 to describe the acid-base system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pka-values-obtained-by-fitting-experimental-data-to-30q5yyvr.png Table 1 pKa values obtained by fitting experimental data to Model 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dsc-thermograms-of-a-chitin-b-chitosan-c-freeze-dried-1lhu0z32.png Fig. 4. DSC thermograms of (A) chitin, (B) chitosan, (C) freeze-dried chitosan. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dsc-thermograms-of-a-n-c-propanoyl-valin-chitosan-b-n-3gm211bl.png Fig. 5. DSC thermograms of (A) N-(c-propanoyl-valin)-chitosan, (B) N(c-propanoyl-aspartic acid)-chitosan, (C) N-(c-propanoyl-glycine)-chitosan and (D) N-(c-propanoyl-phenylalanine)-chitosan. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ftir-spectra-kbr-pellets-of-a-chitosan-b-n-c-1tkp66pt.png Fig. 1. FTIR spectra (KBr pellets) of (A) Chitosan; (B) N-(c-propanoylglycine)-chitosan and (C) N-(c-propanoyl-phenylalanine)-chitosan. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sem-photographs-200-magnification-of-a-chitosan-ct-b-3plgotdt.png Fig. 6. SEM photographs (200· magnification) of (A) chitosan (CT), (B) lyophilised chitosan (FdCT), (C) N-(c-propanoyl-valin)-chitosan, (D) N-(cpropanoyl-aspartic acid)-chitosan (insert: 1000· magnification), (E) N-(c-propanoyl-glycine)-chitosan and (F) N-(c-propanoyl-phenylalanine)-chitosan (insert: 2500· magnification). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1h-nmr-spectra-d2o-dcl-1-1-v-v-70-c-300-mhz-of-a-n-efogs1dj.png Fig. 2. 1H NMR spectra (D2O/DCl 1:1 v/v, 70 C, 300 MHz) of (A) N-(cpropanoyl-glycine)-chitosan and (B) N-(c-propanoyl-phenylalanine)chitosan. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesizing-datapath-circuits-for-fpgas-with-emphasis-on-19gl1vue9b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mux-tree-collapsing-example-l7zfueov.png Figure 3: Mux Tree Collapsing Example https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-granularity-vs-lut-count-inflation-kbwmjj84.png Table 3: Granularity vs. LUT Count Inflation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4-bit-ripple-adder-datapath-component-38effd0v.png Figure 1: 4-bit Ripple Adder Datapath Component https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overall-synthesis-flow-2rt0lts5.png Figure 2: Overall Synthesis Flow https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-two-terminal-connections-that-are-4-1c4xpl9k.png Table 2: Percentage of Two Terminal Connections that are 4 Bit Wide Busses and Percentage of Two Terminal Connections that are Fan-Out Four Control Signals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-4-bit-wide-bus-topology-371vwm32.png Figure 8: 4-bit Wide Bus Topology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-4-bit-control-net-topology-o2v1cu79.png Figure 9: 4-bit Control Net Topology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-result-selection-to-operant-selection-2lc74er2.png Figure 4: Result Selection to Operant Selection Transformation https://scispace.com/papers/synthesizing-java-expressions-from-free-form-queries-4101rf8tce 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-phases-of-parsing-the-copy-file-example-2n1yf0qg.png Figure 4. Phases of parsing the “copy file” example. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-phases-of-parsing-the-read-file-example-177ymfou.png Figure 5. Phases of parsing the “read file” example. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-example-of-matching-the-input-group-with-yfi3f8d6.png Figure 7. The example of matching the input group with declaration createNewFile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-after-the-user-inserts-text-input-anycode-suggests-u8mbmn52.png Figure 1. After the user inserts text input, anyCode suggests five highest-ranked well-typed expressions that it synthesized for this input. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-table-that-shows-the-results-of-the-comparison-2j9ms2om.png Figure 9. The table that shows the results of the comparison of the different anyCode configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-declaration-selection-for-copy-file-3gnij3p0.png Figure 6. The declaration selection for “copy file”. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-synthesis-algorithm-35ufwi6v.png Figure 11. The synthesis algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-learned-values-of-anycodes-coefficients-and-2fomkjl6.png Figure 12. The learned values of anyCode’s coefficients and the value of cdis that we set manually. https://scispace.com/papers/synthetic-and-structural-studies-of-1-halo-8-alkylchalcogeno-45iargy9ca 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-orientation-of-the-e-phenyl-groups-and-type-of-2tgbgzjd.png Figure 10 The orientation of the E(phenyl) groups and type of structure of 5-8 and the quasi-linear arrangements.[2,8,9,11] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-selected-interatomic-distances-a-and-3ucihv06.png Table 1 Continued - Selected interatomic distances [Å] and angles [°] for 1, 2, 4-8 [values in parentheses are for independent molecules] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-torsion-angles-deg-categorising-the-naphthalene-and-n0w4a7jw.png Table 2 Torsion angles [°] categorising the naphthalene and phenyl ring conformations in 1, 2, 4-8 [values in parentheses are for independent molecules] https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-ab-initio-mo-calculations-performed-on-5-3dgpjm9e.png Table 3 Results of ab initio MO Calculations performed on 5-8 evaluated at the B3LYP/6-31+G* level using X-ray and fully optimised geometries. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-crystal-structures-of-4-5-8-viewed-down-the-e-1-2y7tmzrt.png Figure 9 The crystal structures of 4, 5-8 viewed down the E(1)-C(9) bond showing the difference in naphthyl and phenyl ring conformations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-compounds-investigated-by-nakanishi-et-al-28-12-3dk1irpo.png Figure 1 Compounds investigated by Nakanishi et al.[2,8-12] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-crystal-structure-of-1-iodo-8-ethylsulfanyl-3flij7cn.png Figure 5 The crystal structure of 1-iodo-8-(ethylsulfanyl)naphthalene 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-crystal-structure-of-1-iodo-8-phenylsulfanyl-1p608gae.png Figure 6 The crystal structure of 1-iodo-8-(phenylsulfanyl)naphthalene 4. https://scispace.com/papers/synthetic-aperture-radar-autofocus-via-semidefinite-3iv6onorwb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-fmca-sdr-and-fmca-evr-for-bistatic-2dx0r3db.png Fig. 7: Comparison of FMCA-SDR and FMCA-EVR for bistatic SARautofocus: (a) perfectly focused image with 2-D sincsquared antenna pattern applied and SNR=50dB; (b) defocused image produced by applying a white phase error function; (c) FMCA-SDR restoration (SNRout = 4.6086 dB); (d) FMCA-EVR restoration (SNRout = 2.1295 dB). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-mca-sdr-with-existing-autofocus-20drf84u.png Fig. 1: Comparison of MCA-SDR with existing autofocus approaches: (a) perfectly focused image with 2-D sinc-squared antenna pattern applied and SNR=60dB; (b) defocused image corrupted by a white phase error function; (c) MCA-SDR restoration (SNRout=15.3527dB); (d) MCA-EVR restoration (SNRout=8.1809dB); (e) PGA restoration (SNRout=9.3092dB); (f) Sharpness-maximization restoration (SNRout=5.8177dB). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-image-restoration-of-fmca-sdr-and-fmca-evr-for-wide-1etcqrgs.png Fig. 4: Image restoration of FMCA-SDR and FMCA-EVR for wide-angle SAR autofocus: (a) perfectly focused image with 2-D sinc-squared antenna pattern applied and SNR=80dB; (b)defocused image produced by applying a white phase error function, (c) FMCA-SDR restoration (SNRout = 4.8718 dB); (d) FMCA-EVR restoration (SNRout = 3.1536 dB). https://scispace.com/papers/synthetic-applications-of-polystyrene-supported-1-1-3-3-3x7e37j3xm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-ps-tbd-and-ps-tmg-pk2b6m4y.png Figure 1. Structure of PS-TBD and PS-TMG https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-synthesis-of-amines-and-ethers-employing-ps-tmg-as-a-2zvzp5r9.png Table 2. Synthesis of amines and ethers employing PS-TMG as a catalyst https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-synthesis-of-esters-and-amides-employing-ps-tmg-as-a-3obco4iz.png Table 1. Synthesis of esters and amides employing PS-TMG as a basic catalyst https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ps-tmg-as-a-base-in-amide-synthesis-38a1lp4b.png Table 3. PS-TMG as a base in amide synthesis https://scispace.com/papers/synthetic-approaches-for-thin-film-halide-double-perovskites-4ym4qnzu8j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-preparation-and-synthesis-conditions-of-halide-3mwpjpd5.png Table 1. Preparation and synthesis conditions of halide double perovskite compounds differentiated by their physical appearance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-double-perovskite-thin-films-synthesized-via-tnihafzc.png Figure 4. Double perovskite thin films synthesized via solution deposition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-dimensional-reduction-of-double-perovskites-2fljl48w.png Figure 11. Dimensional reduction of double perovskites https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-flow-schemes-for-the-synthesis-of-halide-double-1z4r86k9.png Figure 3. Flow schemes for the synthesis of halide double perovskite crystals via solid-state reaction (A-B) and via solution processing (C-E) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-modifications-of-the-solution-deposition-process-3bikw7rs.png Figure 7. Modifications of the solution deposition process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-film-quality-comparison-between-solution-and-vacuum-3gli6siu.png Figure 6. Film quality comparison between solution and vacuum deposited films by (A) GIXRD and (B) AFM. Reproduced with permission from Igbari et al.115 Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-optical-images-b-optical-properties-and-c-sem-1lvdy0x7.png Figure 8. (A) Optical images, (B) Optical properties and (C) SEM images of Cs2AgSbxBi1-xBr6 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75) thin films. Reproduced with permission from Liu et al.110 Copyright 2019, Elsevier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-relation-between-the-crystal-structure-of-3ldx891l.png Figure 1. Schematic relation between the crystal structure of Pb halide perovskites with general formula ABX3 and Pb-free perovskite derivatives falling into the categories of vacancy ordered double perovskites, layered/dimer perovskites, and double perovskites. Modified and reproduced with permission from Giustino et al.28 and Chakraborty et al.50 Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. https://scispace.com/papers/synthetic-data-framework-to-estimate-the-minimum-detectable-5aemfffdiv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-presentation-of-the-sdf-the-simulation-3qoxi1if.png Figure 1. Schematic presentation of the SDF. The Simulation Module simulates the optoacoustic (OA) signals of a contrast agent. Then, the simulated signals are superimposed onto in vivo background signals in the Agent Implantation Module, thereby generating synthetic multispectral optoacoustic images. Finally, in the Detection Module, the synthetic images are analyzed to determine the detectability of the contrast agents and the MDCs. 2.2 Simulation Module: Simulation of optoacoustic signals of contrast agents https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-of-agent-implantation-the-simulated-2nleifrf.png Figure 3. Schematic of agent implantation. The simulated optoacoustic signals of an agent (output of Simulation Module) are superimposed onto experimental tissue signals from an in vivo animal measurement, giving rise to synthetic optoacoustic signals. After image reconstruction, synthetic multispectral optoacoustic images are generated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-detailed-schematic-of-the-sdf-simulation-module-3kvganbw.png Figure 2. Detailed schematic of the SDF Simulation Module, which simulates the optoacoustic signals of contrast agents inside tissue. The dashed boxes identify parameters whose estimation is crucial for taking into account the specific properties of the tissue, the contrast agent and the transducer. These crucial parameters are explained in detail in the text. EIR, electrical impulse response; SIR, spatial impulse response; simP , optoacoustic signals of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-mdc-of-af750-after-spectral-unmixing-in-1avvmlwn.png Figure 6. The MDC of AF750 after spectral unmixing in experimental and synthetic datasets. (a) Spectral unmixing result of Experiment A3 with 3.0 µM AF750; (b) spectral unmixing result of Experiment A3 with 1.6 µM AF750; (c) spectral unmixing result of Synthetic A3 at 3 µM; (d) spectral unmixing result of Synthetic A3 at 1.6 µM; (e) spectral unmixing result of Experiment B3 with 3 µM AF750; (f) spectral unmixing result of Experiment B3 with 1.3 µM AF750; (g) spectral unmixing result of Synthetic B3 with 3 µM AF750; (h) spectral unmixing result of Synthetic B3 with 1.3 µM AF750. All scale bars are 1 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mdc-curves-of-af750-and-gnrs-as-a-function-of-depth-23ymhxfo.png Figure 7. MDC curves of AF750 and GNRs as a function of depth with agents showing disklike distributions with diameters of 1, 2 or 3 mm. (a) Spectral unmixing result for an agent with diameter of 2 mm at a depth of 1 mm; (b) spectral unmixing result for an agent with diameter of 3 mm at a depth of 1 mm; (c) MDCs of AF750 as a function of imaging depth for agents with diameters of 1, 2 or 3 mm; (d) MDCs of GNRs as a function of imaging depth for https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-image-intensity-within-the-agent-3khrigca.png Figure 5. Comparison of the image intensity within the agent area between experimental and synthetic images. (a) Animal background image from Experiment A1; (b) experimental image with a 0.8-mm tube filled with 16.1 cm-1 AF750 at 750 nm (Experiment A3); (c) synthetic image with the simulated agent of the same absorption, location and size as the agent in panel (b); (d) quantitative analysis of image intensity within the agent area for Experiment A2 and Synthetic A2; (e) quantitative analysis of image intensity within agent area for Experiment A3 and Synthetic A3; (f) Group B animal background image (Experiment B1); (g) an experimental image of B2 with 1-mm tube filled with 5.75 cm-1 India ink at 700 nm; (h) synthetic image with the simulated agent of the same absorption, location and size as the agent in panel (g); (i) quantitative analysis of image intensity within agent area for Experiment B2 and Synthetic B2; (j) quantitative analysis of image intensity within agent area for Experiment B3 and Synthetic B3. All error bars stand for standard deviation. All scale bars are 1 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-of-the-determination-of-a-contrast-agents-3wf49176.png Figure 4 Schematic of the determination of a contrast agent’s minimum detectable concentration in multispectral optoacoustic imaging. The synthetic multispectral optoacoustic images generated by SDF simulator are unmixed. Then a detection metric is applied to the unmixing result to define the detectability of the contrast agent until the MDC is defined. https://scispace.com/papers/synthetic-biology-of-modular-endolysins-56a24ftogj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-strengths-and-weaknesses-of-endolysins-different-2420xmd6.png Table 1 Strengths and weaknesses of endolysins. Different strengths and potential weaknesses related to endolysin-based antibacterials are summarized, specifically in view of their proteinaceaous nature, along with the current corresponding state-of-the-art conclusions. https://scispace.com/papers/synthetic-engineering-of-graphene-nanoribbons-with-excellent-1wlx7mt1zw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-illustration-of-supramolecular-behavior-and-3kim9ajy.png Figure 4. Illustration of Supramolecular Behavior and Morphology of Poly (ethylene oxide) Functionalized Graphene Nanoribbons (GNR-PEO). (A) Illustration of the molecular structure of GNR-PEOx and its possible hierarchical self-assembly mechanism in H2O. (B–D) Typical transmission electron microscopy images of the superstructures formed by GNR-PEO400 (B), GNR-PEO1000 (C), and GNR-PEO2000 (D) in water. Adapted, with permission, from [30]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-field-effect-transistor-fet-fabrication-and-27grd0ek.png Figure 5. Field Effect Transistor (FET) Fabrication and Characterization. (A) Schematic of the fabrication o a graphene nanoribbon-poly(ethylene oxide) (GNR-PEO) thin-film-based FET. (B) Scanning electron microscopy image o the thin film between two Ti/Au electrodes (2 nm-Ti/30 nm-Au prepared by E-beam lithography and E-beam evaporation) (C) Current versus drain voltage (I−Vd) of the FET under different gate voltages (Vgs). Inset: I−Vd of the FET before (red and after (blue) annealing at 500°C (Vgs = 0 V). (D) I−Vgs of the FET under different drain voltages. Adapted, with permission, from [55]. Abbreviation: THF, Tetrahydrofuran. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-photothermal-conversion-characterization-a-the-time-1za138fo.png Figure 6. Photothermal Conversion Characterization. (A) The time-dependent temperature increase of aqueous dispersions of Poly (ethylene oxide) functionalized Graphene Nanoribbons GNR-PEO and other low-dimensional materials under near infrared irradiation (808 nm, 2.5 Wcm–2). (B) Thermal images of the GNR-PEO aqueous dispersions. (C) Thermal images of the aqueous dispersions of different low-dimensional materials. Adapted, with permission, from [30]. Abbreviations: AuNPs, gold nanoparticles GO, graphene oxide; MnO2, manganese dioxide; MoS2, molybdenum disulfide; SCNTs, single-walled carbon nanotubes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-synthesis-and-characterization-of-poly-ethylene-1gspuang.png Figure 2. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (Ethylene Oxide) Functionalized Graphene Nanoribbons (GNR-PEO). (A) Illustration of the synthetic route toward GNR-PEO. (B) UV-Vis-near infrared spectra of the GNRs. (C,D) Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) images of GNR-PEO at the trichlorobenzene (TCB)/highly oriented pyrolytic graphite interface. (E) The line profile along the black broken line in the SPM image in panel (D) shows the formation of a monolayer film. Adapted, with permission, from [55]. Abbreviation: THF, Tetrahydrofuran. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-synthesis-and-characterization-ofn-n-hexadecyl-15g0ee6h.png Figure 3. Synthesis and Characterization ofN-n-Hexadecyl Maleimide Functionalized Graphene Nanoribbons (GNR-AHM). (A) Illustration of the synthetic route toward GNR-AHM. (B) Absorption and (C) photoluminescence (PL) spectra of GNR-AHMs in tetrahydrofuran. Adapted, with permission, from [56]. https://scispace.com/papers/synthetic-dityrosine-linked-b-amyloid-dimers-form-stable-48nlcsg0um 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tem-of-ab40-monomer-left-ab40-dap-linked-dimer-2c-1eh410r0.png Figure 6. TEM of Aβ40 monomer (left), Aβ40 DAP-linked dimer 2c (middle) and Aβ40 dityrosine-linked dimer 7c (right), after aging for 1, 3 and 7 days. 60 https://scispace.com/papers/synthetic-mooring-ropes-for-marine-renewable-energy-17060n3ghs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-properties-of-synthetic-materials-which-prsks79o.png Table 1: Selected properties of synthetic materials which could potentially be used for MRE mooring systems, with steel included for reference (all values are from Ref. [17] apart from Vectran® HT [40]. Moisture levels are speci ed at 65% relatively humidity at 20 °C (note: the modulus and tenacity of nylon 6 are lower when wet). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-examples-of-tension-testing-machines-a-ifremer-100-23kq2pjh.png Figure 6: Examples of tension testing machines: a) IFREMER 100 Tonne machine, b) Dynamic Marine Component (DMaC) test facility and c) INSTRON® machine with videoextensometry system. d) Yarn-on-yarn abrasion testing machine. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-indicative-durability-of-synthetic-materials-which-fbvlq4ns.png Table 3: Indicative durability of synthetic materials which could potentially be used for MRE mooring systems. The classi cations; good, average and poor are taken from Refs. [17, 10, 44] and author experience (note: actual performance will depend on the rope construction and application). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-load-extension-behaviour-of-a-new-nylon-mooring-1bi2e7qf.png Figure 1: Load-extension behaviour of a new nylon mooring rope sample subjected to 10 cycles of bedding-in from tests reported in Ref. [18]. The occurrence of extension during initial loading (A), hysteresis during cycling (B), creep (C), recovery (D) and permanent extension (E) are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-synthetic-rope-test-aspects-de-ned-in-api-rp-2sm-44-3v71oy60.png Table 2: Synthetic rope test aspects de ned in API RP 2SM [44] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-of-possible-mre-device-catenary-and-taut-oo4ok0mj.png Figure 3: Schematic of possible MRE device catenary and taut mooring arrangements comprising synthetic ropes and chains (blue and black lines respectively). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this gure caption, the reader is referred to the web version of this paper.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-schematic-of-bre-rope-blue-line-pre-tensioning-2z49uwk9.png Figure 7: Schematic of bre rope (blue line) pre-tensioning procedure carried out with an anchor handling vessel and detachable chain (red line). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this gure caption, the reader is referred to the web version of this paper.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-indicative-natural-periods-of-spar-semi-submersible-1f60wmoa.png Figure 4: Indicative natural periods of spar, semi-submersible and tension leg platforms (TLPs). Values are taken from Ref. [38]. https://scispace.com/papers/synthetic-oligonucleotides-afm-characterisation-and-43lj66r37p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dp-voltammograms-obtained-in-a-mixture-of-0-8-am-oligo-uvhit662.png Fig. 2. DP voltammograms obtained in a mixture of 0.8 AM oligo(1) with: (A) 0.8 AM complementary oligo(2) after different hybridisation times. (B) 0.8 AM non-complementary oligo(3) after: 0, 1 and 24 h. Supporting electrolyte pH 4.5 0.1 M acetate buffer. Scan rate 5 mV s 1, pulse amplitude 50 mV, pulse width 70 ms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mac-mode-afm-3d-images-in-air-showing-the-adsorption-232pwn7n.png Fig. 1. MAC Mode AFM 3D images in air showing the adsorption, after applying a adsorption potential of +0.65 V, vs. AgQRE, of DNA oligonucleotides in pH 4.5 0.1 M acetate buffer electrolyte onto the HOPG electrode surface. (A–C) Adsorption on the HOPG electrode immersed into 0.284 AM of (A-1) oligo(1), (B) oligo(2), and (C) oligo(3) sequences, after applying the adsorption potential for 180 s. (A-2) Cross-section profile through the white line in the image (A-1). (A-3) Schematic diagram showing the adsorption of oligo(1) on the HOPG electrode surface. (D, E) Final adsorption on the HOPG electrode, first immersed in a 0.284 AM oligo(1) and applying the adsorption potential for 180 s, followed by immersion and applying the adsorption potential for 300 s in a 0.8 AM: (D) oligo(2) and (E) oligo(3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-dp-voltammograms-obtained-in-ph-4-5-0-1-m-acetate-1ecze9cy.png Fig. 4. (A) DP voltammograms obtained in pH 4.5 0.1 M acetate buffer after: ( https://scispace.com/papers/synthetic-seed-production-from-encapsulated-somatic-embryos-402n3ovk6v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-cork-oak-mature-somatic-embryo-b-synthetic-seed-2tt52mvu.png Fig. 2 (a) Cork oak mature somatic embryo, (b) Synthetic seed encapsulated with 5 % (w/v) sodium alginate and complexed with 50 mM CaCl2 for 20 min, containing a mature somatic embryo, (c) Encapsulated somatic embryo re-hydrated individually in a test tube containing 10 ml distilled sterile water for 24 h at 4°C in darkness prior to conversion, (d) Emergence of the shoot from a germinating cork oak synthetic seed, (e) Converted cork oak plantlet from a synthetic seed, (f) Cork oak plantlet converted on agar medium from an encapsulated somatic embryo after one month from sowing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-power-regression-model-fitted-between-projected-area-3fv57yfp.png Fig. 1 Power regression model fitted between projected area (PA, in mm2) and fresh weight (FW, in mg) of cork oak somatic embryos cultured in basal medium with 1% activated charcoal: FW = 0.607272 * P A 1 2 2 4 7 0 3 (P < 0.0001) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-the-addition-of-sucrose-to-the-capsule-and-2caycxc6.png Fig. 3 Effect of the addition of sucrose to the capsule and cold storage of synthetic seeds on the conversion rate. Treatments marked with an asterisk are statistically significant at the 0.05 level https://scispace.com/papers/syracuse-university-test-report-on-uptake-factor-resulting-3syc2drwiw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-data-quality-indicator-table-1y9bmvrr.png Table 4. Data quality indicator table https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-conceptual-schematic-of-test-procedure-28wjf8hc.png Figure 6. Conceptual schematic of test procedure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-position-of-the-container-after-dropping-note-21wux6xw.png Figure 8. The position of the container after dropping (Note that the position of the impacting surface was slightly adjusted about 2” toward the sampling stand after Test 1 and Test 2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-uptake-factor-1g7s398n.png Figure 14. Uptake factor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-cumulative-uptake-mass-2hsegavi.png Figure 13. Cumulative uptake mass https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-material-properties-of-tungsten-oxide-jytete0i.png Table 1. Material properties of tungsten oxide https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-modified-ultra-clean-full-scale-climate-chamber-2hxuhvxq.png Figure 1. The modified ultra-clean full-scale climate chamber https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-tabulated-data-on-cumulative-uptake-mass-and-uptake-2mvlfmbm.png Table 8. Tabulated data on cumulative uptake mass and uptake factor for each test https://scispace.com/papers/synthetic-vision-enhances-situation-awareness-and-rnp-2ul7mobqqi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nasa-757-during-ege-approach-l8tfds13.png Figure 1. NASA 757 during EGE approach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-baseline-display-3km7kqg7.png Figure 5. Baseline display. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-head-up-display-with-generic-texturing-1qsw1l64.png Figure 6. Head-Up Display with generic texturing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-vertical-accuracy-performance-requirements-3ldocr0g.png Table 1. Vertical Accuracy Performance Requirements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-size-a-with-generic-texturing-31t2lskz.png Figure 8. Size A with generic texturing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-vrd-in-aries-757-aircraft-1eq3vat4.png Figure 3. VRD in ARIES 757 aircraft. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-size-x-with-generic-texturing-119tizp6.png Figure 10. Size X with generic texturing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-size-a-with-photo-realistic-texturing-3khszfjo.png Figure 7. Size A with photo-realistic texturing. https://scispace.com/papers/syrafa-synchronous-rate-and-frequency-adjustment-for-1fkzg2lm5i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simple-workload-configuration-351fbi9y.png TABLE 1: SIMPLE Workload Configuration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-performance-of-eucon-asyrf-and-syrafa-in-2528ljwp.png Fig. 4: The Performance of EUCON, AsyRF and SyRaFa in Experiment I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distributed-real-time-system-model-12abj4kt.png Fig. 1: Distributed Real-time System Model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scheduling-of-subtasks-unlev612.png Fig. 2: Scheduling of Subtasks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-performance-of-syrafa-and-asyrf-in-experiment-ii-1li6j24l.png Fig. 5: The Performance of SyRaFa and AsyRF in Experiment II https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-performance-of-syrafa-and-asyrf-in-experiment-iii-xcil5zhj.png Fig. 6: The Performance of SyRaFa and AsyRF in Experiment III https://scispace.com/papers/system-approach-to-calculating-processes-in-the-apparatus-of-26bz603qg6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flowchart-of-calculating-apparatus-of-combined-action-sgu3dyeg.png Fig. 1. Flowchart of calculating apparatus of combined action https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hydrodynamic-characteristics-of-the-two-phase-jet-1xz4d9b4.png Fig. 4. Hydrodynamic characteristics of the two-phase jet: solid lines show absolute axial velocity of the solid phase, dotted lines show axial velocity of the gas phase; 1 – dp = 2 mm; 2 – dp = 3mm; 3 – dp = 5 mm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-change-in-the-particle-size-distribution-of-the-knxmj5hd.png Fig. 5. Change in the particle size distribution of the particulate material at a single loading in the grinding core at rnoz = 6 mm: 1 – initial particle size distribution; 2 – final particle size distribution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-structure-of-the-dispersed-phase-flows-in-34lt2f6m.png Fig. 3. Schematic structure of the dispersed phase flows in the apparatus of combined action https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-diagram-of-the-apparatus-of-combined-action-ybvncwrm.png Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the apparatus of combined action: 1 – outlet nozzle; 2 – reaction chamber; 3 – delivery nozzles; 4 – combustion chamber; 5 – gas distribution grid; 6 – inertialpneumatic classifier https://scispace.com/papers/system-for-active-video-observation-over-the-internet-588tus92c1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-projection-of-the-spherical-images-onto-the-1c27deev.png Fig. 2: Projection of the spherical images onto the cylindrical surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-user-interface-for-quering-the-database-xi8rfrap.png Fig. 4: User interface for quering the database. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-architecture-287utefp.png Fig. 1: System architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-intuitive-user-interface-for-camera-control-24dpu10f.png Fig. 3: Intuitive user interface for camera control. https://scispace.com/papers/system-functions-with-minimum-time-bandwidth-product-based-yy7yohljtc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-pole-zero-parameters-for-the-systems-based-on-the-219jqvnl.png Table II. Pole-zero parameters for the systems based on the fourth order moment, tm=1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-pole-zero-parameters-for-the-systems-based-on-the-1hx6532z.png Table I. Pole-zero parameters for the systems based on the second order moment, tm=1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-pole-zero-parameters-for-the-systems-based-on-the-28jc7ucz.png Table IV. Pole-zero parameters for the systems based on the eighth order moment, tm=1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pole-zero-positions-of-the-optimum-systems-based-on-23041r18.png Figure 1. Pole-zero positions of the optimum systems based on the fourth, sixth and eighth order moment, normalized to tm=1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-pole-zero-parameters-for-the-systems-based-on-the-xizws1hz.png Table III. Pole-zero parameters for the systems based on the sixth order moment, tm=1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-amplitude-response-of-the-optimum-systems-based-on-3bj5wnw8.png Figure 8. Amplitude response of the optimum systems based on various moment orders, N=8, ω3dB=1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-time-bandwidth-products-of-the-optimum-systems-1g9hbfs2.png Figure 6. Time-bandwidth products of the optimum systems based on various moment orders. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-impulse-response-of-the-optimum-systems-for-various-31z84w83.png Figure 7. Impulse response of the optimum systems for various numbers of zeros, N=8, n=4, tm=1. https://scispace.com/papers/system-efficient-integration-of-standby-control-and-heat-2ql9frshqi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-material-flow-simulation-model-of-the-case-study-2gsn3xes.png Figure 8. Material flow simulation model of the case study consisting of machine tools (M1-7,M9,M11,M14-15) and washing machines (WB, W10, W12, W13). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-hps-sizing-3-dimensioning-of-the-hp-by-gcc-1-and-43bjhcgb.png Figure 6. HPS sizing (3.): Dimensioning of the HP by GCC (1.) and sizing of the source and sink-side ST by demand and supply Curve (2.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-energy-demands-of-a-machine-tool-at-component-level-2l5d5dku.png Figure 4. Energy demands of a machine tool at component level (according to [9]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-remaining-demand-of-useful-energy-forms-el-energy-3uenslrb.png Figure 11. Remaining demand of useful energy forms: El. Energy (grey), Heating (red) and Cooling (blue) in different efficiency scenarios (1-3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-system-control-depending-on-the-therrnocline-3usgfl7m.png Figure 7. System control depending on the therrnocline position and (b) single mass flow control adjusting Thot and Tcold https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-distribution-of-the-hp-coverage-rate-for-the-3ur2ntvg.png Figure 10. Distribution of the HP coverage rate for the standby strategies 'none' (1), 'practical' (2) and 'ideal' (3) and statistical evaluation of the results with and without thermal losses (in brackets). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-energy-efficiency-in-manufacturing-lines-according-a9qdx9xx.png Figure 1. Energy efficiency in manufacturing lines according to the onion layer model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-hps-system-sized-for-the-initial-state-without-any-3ef5gquf.png Figure 9. HPS system sized for the initial state without any standby-strategy https://scispace.com/papers/system-implementation-of-self-mixing-interferometry-1pj8d84tqg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-smi-signal-l2wzdy7h.png Figure 2 Illustration of SMI signal https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-meaning-of-parameters-in-eq-8-39kab8si.png Table 2. Meaning of parameters in Eq. (8) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overall-experimental-setup-diagram-3fyx96qm.png Figure 3 Overall experimental setup diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-intact-ofsmi-system-ozlwr6fl.png Figure 1. An intact OFSMI system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fft-for-two-sets-of-experimental-signals-3o1b7c6z.png Figure 4. FFT for two sets of experimental signals https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-youngs-modulus-estimation-of-steel-test-sample-1oikhmnc.png Table 3. Young’s modulus estimation of steel test sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-meaning-of-parameters-in-eq-1-4-2yziedqy.png Table 1. Meaning of parameters in Eq. (1)-(4) https://scispace.com/papers/system-level-reliability-assessment-of-power-stage-in-fuel-2nfvlsdbxl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-equivalent-static-value-for-each-mosfet-20ubp3xi.png Table II EQUIVALENT STATIC VALUE FOR EACH MOSFET https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-annual-damage-distribution-considering-variations-in-1nb44mqk.png Fig. 11. Annual damage distribution considering variations in stress. (a) Tjm – average junction temperature; (b) dTj – junction temperature swing; (c) ton – on-state duration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-parameter-varations-by-normal-distribution-from-2bqz0gv5.png Fig. 10. Parameter varations by Normal distribution from stress evaluation. (a) Tjm – average junction temperature; (b) dTj – junction temperature swing; (c) ton – on-state duration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-annual-damage-distribution-considering-the-parameter-36j5191r.png Fig. 9. Annual damage distribution considering the parameter variations in the lifetime model. (a) A – scaling factor; (b) β1 – exponential factor of temperature swing; (c) β2 – exponential factor of average temperature; (d) β3 – exponential factor of on-state time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-stress-and-strength-curve-without-and-with-variations-3ka1pgmx.png Fig. 1. Stress and strength curve without and with variations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-monte-carlo-analysis-considering-all-parameter-2uy83no6.png Fig. 12. Monte Carlo analysis considering all parameter variations from the stress evaluation and lifetime model. (a) Annual damage; (b) Time-to-failure distribution; (c) Accumulated percentage of failure (i.e. unreliability) along with the operation time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-monte-carlo-analysis-of-four-typical-power-switches-a-1aq42go7.png Fig. 13. Monte Carlo analysis of four typical power switches. (a) End-of-life probability density function; (b) Accumulated failure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-power-converter-specification-and-parameters-3e5szgzf.png Table I POWER CONVERTER SPECIFICATION AND PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/papers/system-level-modelling-and-validation-of-a-strain-energy-24aguv2v2c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-between-the-simulated-and-measured-power-2roopccn.png Fig. 4 Comparison between the simulated and measured power output when the SEH is connected with circuit (ii) (a) power output vs. load resistance (b) power output vs strain frequency https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-voltage-and-harvested-energy-232c5dc5.png Fig. 5 Comparison of voltage and harvested energy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-simulated-voltage-a-current-b-when-the-she-was-20s16f0i.png Fig. 7 Simulated voltage (a) current (b) when the SHE was connected with the succeeding circuit (iii) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-effects-of-the-epoxy-thickness-on-the-power-output-3i2sppvr.png Fig. 9 Effects of the epoxy thickness on the power output https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-modelling-of-piezoelectric-strain-energy-harvesting-2lerrghv.png Fig. 1 Modelling of piezoelectric strain energy harvesting system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-the-simulated-and-measured-results-when-9bde7hlg.png Fig. 3 Comparison of the simulated and measured results when the SHE is connected with circuit (ii) (a) voltage vs. load resistance (b) power vs load resistance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-setup-for-model-validation-20q3apr2.png Fig. 2 Experimental setup for model validation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diagram-of-a-strain-energy-harvesting-system-2bjau407.png Fig. 2 Experimental setup for model validation https://scispace.com/papers/system-performance-of-an-integrated-airborne-spacing-1q42u1vik3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experiment-matrix-23vteuhw.png Table 1. Experiment Matrix https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-spacing-error-at-the-final-approach-fix-f5x9h6du.png Figure 10. Spacing error at the final approach fix https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-schedule-conformance-at-the-final-approach-fix-3k0kss0n.png Table 2. Schedule conformance at the final approach fix https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-schedule-conformance-at-the-final-approach-fix-3czbsmwk.png Figure 9. Schedule conformance at the final approach fix https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-relative-along-path-slot-marker-deviation-pbr8iq8i.png Figure 13. Relative along-path slot marker deviation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tma-tm-timeline-wjvae9cn.png Figure 1. TMA-TM timeline https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cms-displays-tuexgt1m.png Figure 2. CMS displays https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-along-path-slot-marker-deviation-buz3oche.png Figure 12. Along-path slot marker deviation https://scispace.com/papers/system-level-reliability-enhancement-of-dc-dc-stage-in-a-12ocdg4fqu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-the-single-phase-double-stage-multiple-130ssuzy.png Fig. 1. Structure of the single-phase double-stage multiple MPPT PV inverter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-ripple-current-of-a-boost-converter-iripple-in-terms-3l6sl6gf.png Fig. 9. Ripple current of a boost converter (Iripple) in terms of switching duty cycle – Io = output dc current. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-output-characteristics-of-pv-array-configurations-a-1qi4y345.png Fig. 2. Output characteristics of PV array configurations: (a) Array I (2×4 PV) and (b) Array II (1×8 PV). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-control-block-diagram-of-a-upper-dc-dc-stage-b-lower-26li64d4.png Fig. 5. Control block diagram of (a) upper DC/DC stage, (b) lower DC/DC stage, and (c) inverter. https://scispace.com/papers/system-requirements-and-considerations-for-visual-table-of-1uyqz3vzt4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sub-picture-processing-chain-for-mosaic-screens-kcanmu8j.png Fig. 5. Sub-picture processing chain for mosaic screens. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-construction-of-a-mosaic-screen-using-sub-pictures-3doz6ve9.png Fig. 6. Construction of a mosaic screen using sub-pictures composed of mini-slices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-composing-a-higher-layer-mosaic-screen-via-reuse-of-3h25w5bf.png Fig. 7. Composing a higher-layer mosaic screen via reuse of MPEG-2 compressed sub-pictures by changing only the slice-start-code of the involved mini-slices. (a) Indicates the reused (white border) sub-pictures. (b) Shows a mosaic screen based on slice-start-code adapted sub-pictures. The top row sub-pictures of (b) correspond to the sub-pictures of the diagonal of the (a) mosaic screen. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pvr-system-block-diagram-with-traditional-and-vtoc-1998dp76.png Fig. 1. PVR system block diagram with traditional and VTOC navigation support. Switch in position (a) indicates the real-time viewing mode; in case (b), the play-back of delay viewing; and in case (c), the navigation operation mode. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-performance-of-a-standard-2x2-idct-and-optimized-2x2-39oczizb.png TABLE I PERFORMANCE OF A STANDARD 2×2 IDCT AND OPTIMIZED 2×2 IDCT RUNNING ON AN ARM926@160MHZ CLOCK, DECODING AN MPEG-2 ML INTRAFRAME-COMPRESSED PICTURE OF 1,620 MACROBLOCKS, AND 4:2:0 SAMPLING FORMAT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-main-building-blocks-of-the-mpeg-2-intraframe-decoder-46lez9f7.png Fig. 8. Main building blocks of the MPEG-2 intraframe decoder. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-scalable-2x2-idct-for-an-sd-to-qcif-mpeg-2-decoder-a-2yym2u34.png Fig. 10. Scalable 2×2 IDCT for an SD-to-QCIF MPEG-2 decoder. (a) Standard IDCT implementation. (b) Optimized IDCT implementation removing the coefficient multiplications. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-block-based-compressed-picture-and-its-compression-1zwn0jlp.png Fig. 2. A block-based compressed picture and its compression syntax elements for video with 4:2:0 color sub-sampling format. https://scispace.com/papers/system-synthesis-from-aadl-using-polychrony-3ki2t141ga 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-aadl-graphical-example-2831bm1c.png Fig. 1. AADL graphical example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-co-simulation-of-a-signal-program-with-regard-to-3ery3jxq.png Fig. 7. The co-simulation of a SIGNAL program with regard to its temporal behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-translation-of-aadl-thread-in-signal-au9ufzrl.png Fig. 5. Translation of AADL thread in SIGNAL https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-aadl-sampled-data-connection-in-signal-processes-1q9r9kz8.png Fig. 6. AADL sampled data connection in SIGNAL processes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-modeling-asynchronous-composition-yk7r3h9x.png Fig. 4. Modeling asynchronous composition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-activation-condition-3uwerucw.png Fig. 3. Activation condition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-modeling-a-time-consuming-task-31vtee4f.png Fig. 2. Modeling a time consuming task. https://scispace.com/papers/systematic-behavior-of-mass-distributions-in-48-ti-induced-2h9p2awkcg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-the-mass-width-enhancement-factors-at-3otb2w3i.png FIG. 6. (Color online) The mass-width enhancement factors at energies corresponding to Ec.m./VB = 0.99 as a function of the deformation parameter. The linear fit describes only the results for the reactions with the smaller β2 values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-mass-ratio-distributions-and-their-jzmk3gk2.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Mass-ratio distributions and their Gaussian fits for 48Ti+ 208Pb, 186W, 174Yb, 154Sm, and 144Sm systems, respectively, at Ec.m./VB ∼ 1.02. Fission yields are normalized to 200% based on the fits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-mass-widths-are-shown-as-the-functions-of-2x5d3lwm.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Mass widths are shown as the functions of (a) the excitation energy of compound nucleus (Ex), (b) the excitation energy at saddle point (Esadx ), and (c) the excitation energy at scission point (E sci x ). The error bars only represent the fitting errors. The estimations of the saddle-point and scission-point models for 144Sm (dashed curves) and 208Pb (solid curves) are also plotted in panels (b) and (c). The symbols identifying the target nucleus for each reaction keep their meaning for Figs. 3–6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-mass-widths-of-the-fission-fragments-2hee2sph.png FIG. 3. (Color online) The mass widths of the fission fragments are shown as a function of the center-of-mass energy with respect to the capture barrier for each reaction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-mass-widths-are-shown-as-a-function-of-3g3k6uv8.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Mass widths are shown as a function of the fissility of the composite nucleus atEc.m./VB = 1.15 (target symbols) and at Ec.m./VB = 0.99 (blue crosses). The exponential fit to the Ec.m./VB = 1.15 data emphasizes the smooth behavior of the abovebarrier data compared with the structure seen in the below-barrier data. The calculations with the saddle-point model (dotted curves) and scission-point model (dashed curves) are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-the-estimated-minimum-fraction-of-qf-see-2m219nsu.png FIG. 5. (Color online) The estimated minimum fraction of QF (see text) at Ec.m./VB = 1.15 (target symbols), with linear fit (solid line), plotted as a function of fissility. Results at Ec.m./VB = 0.99 (blue crosses) are also shown for comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/systematic-analysis-of-brain-lactate-and-ph-levels-in-65-4xtn03uecc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-animal-models-used-in-this-study-260-3b4v5bfc.png Table 1. Animal models used in this study 260 https://scispace.com/papers/systematic-detection-of-local-ch-4-emissions-anomalies-2f52d12kcx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-albedo-in-the-shortwave-infrared-swir-band-over-2117nh50.png Figure 16. Albedo in the shortwave-infrared (SWIR) band over Siberia, as provided by TROPOMI. Maps display averages for the same windows as shown in Fig. 13. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-outlier-detection-and-classification-over-siberia-h448vpb7.png Figure 15. Outlier detection and classification over Siberia. Dates indicate the end date of the 30 d time window. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-examples-of-the-ifs-high-resolution-ch4-forecast-1ba3j7gq.png Figure 5. Examples of the IFS high-resolution CH4 forecast output, showing snapshots at global and regional scales of the total column mean molar fractions for 15 January and 15 July 2019 at 12:00 UTC. The lower panels show parts of Europe (left) and the Middle East (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-outlier-detection-and-classification-over-the-1exw2b4w.png Figure 10. Outlier detection and classification over the southwestern USA. Dates indicate the end date of the 30 d time window. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-examples-of-outlier-classification-a-b-global-1i31n0hk.png Figure 9. Examples of outlier classification. (a, b) Global distributions in the observation–first-guess space for two different 30 d windows (end dates: 1 July and 1 September 2019). The four data classes are shown in different colours; the colour intensity reflects the number of outliers. (c, d) Locations of outlier classes around the globe during the two 30 d windows (end dates: 1 July and 1 September 2019, respectively). Darker dots show larger departures. Larger dots indicate that more occurrences were detected in the bin and time window. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-high-pass-filtering-sensitivity-tests-of-the-19454qtx.png Figure 8. High-pass filtering sensitivity tests of the departures normalised to the instrument precision. Window length (columns) is 10, 30 or 90 d, and kernel size (rows) is 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 5.0◦. The selected filter parameter values are those for the plot outlined in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-b-tropomi-albedo-in-the-near-infrared-nir-band-c-34ns5nrj.png Figure 14. (a, b) TROPOMI albedo in the near-infrared (NIR) band, (c, d) TROPOMI albedo in the shortwave-infrared (SWIR) band, and (e, f) TROPOMI XCH4 columns. Maps display averages for the same windows as shown in Fig. 13. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-global-average-tropomi-xch4-column-averaged-dry-air-29rj98xs.png Figure 1. Global average TROPOMI XCH4 column-averaged dry-air mixing ratios for the full year 2019, July 2019 and 1 July 2019 (a–c respectively). https://scispace.com/papers/systematic-blueshift-of-line-profiles-in-the-type-iin-2nf6dm6s2e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-optical-spectra-of-sn-2010jl-showing-the-spectral-2lptpsc8.png Figure 1. Optical spectra of SN 2010jl showing the spectral evolution from early times a few days post-discovery until 6 months later (see Table 1). Overall, the spectrum appears constant during this time period, with roughly the same ∼7000 K characteristic continuum temperature at these wavelengths. An important development, however, is the appearance of the Ca ii IR triplet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-high-resolution-spectra-obtained-with-the-mmt-blue-exyf8it1.png Figure 3. High-resolution spectra obtained with the MMT/Blue Channel showing the Hα line profile of SN 2010jl. All epochs used the same instrument configuration. This is similar to Figure 3 from Smith et al. (2011b), except that we have added two additional epochs of MMT spectra. The gray curve shows the same Lorentzian profile as in the previous paper, with a Lorentzian full width at half-maximum intensity (LFWHM) of 1800 km s−1. The magenta curves show the same Lorentzian profile plus a Gaussian shifted by −700 km s−1 in both cases; the Gaussian component is obviously stronger for the magenta curve associated with the 2011 June 27 profile. The inset concentrates on the narrow Hα component from the CSM; here the gray curve is a symmetric Gaussian that is the same as in Smith et al. (2011b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-the-ha-profile-of-sn-2010jl-showing-1rs0apnm.png Figure 2. Evolution of the Hα profile of SN 2010jl, showing that the red side of the intermediate-width component weakens systematically compared with the blue side during the 6 months after discovery. The dashed curve shows the blue wing of the line reflected to the red side, demonstrating what the profile would look like if it were symmetric on the final epoch on May 12. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spectroscopic-observations-of-sn-2010jl-2tn2sgk7.png Table 1 Spectroscopic Observations of SN 2010jl https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-wavelength-dependence-of-the-line-profile-asymmetry-1sycu381.png Figure 4. Wavelength dependence of the line-profile asymmetry in SN 2010jl. The Hα profile from the 2011 January 16 MMT spectrum (black) is the same as in Figure 3. The Hβ (purple) and Hα (blue) profiles are from a single spectrum taken at Lick on 2011 February 9. The Hα profile did not change in the ∼3 weeks between these observations (the difference at line center is due to the different spectral resolution used in the MMT and Lick spectra; see Table 1). The Paβ (orange) and Brγ (red) line profiles are from the FIRE spectrum taken 2 weeks later. These line profiles show that the asymmetry is more pronounced at shorter wavelengths, consistent with dust being the agent responsible for the blueshift of optical lines. The IR line profiles are less asymmetric, despite being taken after the optical lines shown here. https://scispace.com/papers/systematic-generation-of-cryptographically-robust-s-boxes-4nhbmh82x7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-robustness-of-s-boxes-used-by-des-3ua23q93.png Table 1: Robustness of S-boxes Used by DES https://scispace.com/papers/systematic-improvement-of-density-functionals-through-1u4hlcmglk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-best-filled-color-and-pbe-based-density-functional-36xmyph5.png Figure 2: Best (filled-color) and PBE-based density-functional (black-dashed) mean absolute deviations for the AE6 (red), G2/148 (blue) and S22/full (green) test sets. All the reactions of the AE6, G2/148 and S22/full datasets are evaluated with the def2-QZVP, 6-311+G(3df, 2pd) and cc-pVTZ basis sets respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-averages-over-the-ten-mean-absolute-deviations-for-256ad0qh.png Figure 1: Averages over the ten mean absolute deviations for the pure density-functionals and the hybridized HYB0 and QIDH variants. Black error bars represent the standard deviation of the series. The performances are evaluated on the AE6 (red) and G2/148 (blue) atomization energy datasets, and on the S22/full (green) nonbonded interaction dataset. All the reactions of the AE6, G2/148 and S22/full test sets are evaluated with the def2-QZVP, 6-311+G(3df, 2pd) and cc-pVTZ basis sets respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-and-nature-of-the-semilocal-exchange-1ke7vbu0.png Table 1: List and nature of the semilocal exchange-correlation density-functionals considered in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cumulative-mean-absolute-deviations-for-the-pbe-24op2uxr.png Figure 3: Cumulative mean absolute deviations for the PBE-based HYB0 and QIDH models (red fonts), and for some standard and modern density-functionals. The performances are evaluated on the G2/148 (blue) atomization energy dataset and on the S22/full (green) nonbonded interaction dataset. All the reactions of the G2/148 and S22/full test sets are evaluated with the 6-311+G(3df, 2pd) and cc-pVTZ basis sets respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/systematic-integration-of-parameterized-local-search-into-1rrh707d0z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pseudocode-for-pair-swap-local-search-for-binary-kp-2hy2sd62.png Fig. 4. Pseudocode for pair swap local search for binary KP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-local-search-run-times-versus-p-for-binary-kp-1g3znybc.png Fig. 5. Local search run times versus p for binary KP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-local-search-run-times-versus-p-for-mcmp-2ecyzvfr.png Fig. 11. (a) Local search run times versus p for MCMP application and (b) voltage scaling application. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-standard-hybrid-approach-to-mcmp-application-using-3rsuzl4k.png Fig. 12. Standard hybrid approach to MCMP application using fixed PLSA parameter p. Hybrid was run for 5 h at each value of p. Population size for GA was N = 100 in (a) and N = 200 in (b). Median, lower quartile, and upper quartile of 11 different runs shown in the three curves for each p. (Lower memory cost is better.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-comparison-of-heating-schemes-for-mcmp-withn-100-the-3mbiopw6.png Fig. 21. Comparison of heating schemes for MCMP withN = 100. The two box plots on left correspond to the static heating schemes. The two box plots on the right correspond to dynamic heating schemes. The best results (lowest memory cost) are obtained for the VIT.T dynamic heating scheme. This refers to variable iterations and time per parameter, where the parameter is incremented if the overall solution does not improve after a predetermined time, called the stagnation time. The solid curve represents the standard hybrid approach applied at different values of fixed p. The point p = 39 slightly outperforms the VIT.T scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-percent-of-time-spent-on-each-parameter-in-range-r-a-2q36yv5i.png Fig. 19. Percent of time spent on each parameter in range R (a) and in range R (b) for VIT.T. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-relationship-between-the-value-of-p-and-the-outcome-3dtzr3b0.png Fig. 20. Relationship between the value of p and the outcome of the optimization process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-standard-hybrid-approach-for-binary-knapsack-fixed-p-pr80epgx.png Fig. 6. Standard hybrid approach for binary knapsack (fixed p, no heating) using a fixed number of generations and not fixing overall hybrid run time. Cumulative error shown for hybrids utilizing different p. Higher p is more accurate but requires longer run times. https://scispace.com/papers/systematic-mapping-study-on-process-mining-in-agile-software-44fzb2em9o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-purpose-of-usage-38kfurvd.png Table 3. Purpose of usage https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-search-results-8rwancrs.png Table 1. Search results https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-search-results-268hudyb.png Table 2. Selected search results https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-process-mining-data-sources-u7ln09kw.png Table 4. Process Mining Data Sources https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-techniques-and-methods-w1bq20fx.png Table 5. Techniques and methods https://scispace.com/papers/systematic-review-of-prognostic-cohort-studies-on-shoulder-40l0pvvijb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-the-methodological-assessment-of-2mu0q66f.png Table 3 Results of the methodological assessment of prognostic cohort studies on shoulder disorders https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-overall-level-of-evidence-for-prognostic-factors-and-aqd46wac.png Table 5 Overall level of evidence for prognostic factors and their association with (long term) poorer outcome https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-criteria-list-for-assessing-the-methodological-2zke2agt.png Table 1 Criteria list for assessing the methodological quality of prognostic cohort studies on shoulder disorders https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-levels-of-evidence-for-prognostic-factors-on-ibroifkz.png Table 2 Levels of evidence for prognostic factors on shoulder disorders https://scispace.com/papers/systematic-review-of-universal-and-targeted-workplace-4anx8wiizh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-included-studies-utilising-targeted-1k5ipueo.png Table 1: Summary of included studies utilising targeted approach https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-included-studies-utilising-universal-jvtx549d.png Table 2: Summary of included studies utilising universal approach https://scispace.com/papers/systematic-review-of-aromatase-inhibitors-in-the-first-line-26hxah18rs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-network-of-available-comparisons-1pl1dadi.png Fig. 2 Network of available comparisons https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-overall-survival-in-comparison-with-tamoxifen-30qslgvt.png Fig. 4 Overall survival in comparison with tamoxifen https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-progression-free-survival-time-to-progression-in-1l9qyebk.png Fig. 5 Progression-free survival/time-to-progression in comparison with tamoxifen https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-outcome-progression-free-survival-pfs-or-time-to-1j8ew1me.png Table 5 Outcome Progression-Free Survival (PFS) or Time-to-Progression (TTP) (treatment versus comparator) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-ovid-medline-r-in-process-and-other-nonindexed-3mlfzb6b.png Table 6 Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-process and other nonindexed citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950—Present (21-01-2009) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-quality-assessment-1sfleo3j.png Table 7 Quality assessment https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-outcome-overall-survival-os-as-defined-in-the-study-37111s6i.png Table 4 Outcome overall survival (OS) as defined in the study (treatment versus comparator) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-objective-response-rates-in-comparison-with-tamoxifen-3r9968e5.png Fig. 3 Objective response rates in comparison with tamoxifen https://scispace.com/papers/systematic-review-on-costs-and-resource-use-of-randomized-37gehgys19 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-56-included-articles-221-2ip6nil7.png Table 1: Characteristics of the 56 included articles. 221 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-the-30-articles-presenting-costs-to-3oet2pjv.png Table 3: Summary of the 30 articles presenting costs to recruit one patient into a randomised 260 controlled trial according to different recruitment strategies. 261 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-the-16-articles-presenting-overall-costs-76igh681.png Table 4: Summary of the 16 articles presenting overall costs for RCTs 309 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-8-articles-presenting-resource-use-or-33tfkibz.png Table 2: Summary of the 8 articles presenting resource use or cost data on several aspects for randomised clinical trials. 249 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-selection-of-articles-220-21sccist.png Figure 1: Selection of articles 220 https://scispace.com/papers/systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-identifies-potential-4dmmoqev5l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-entry-criteria-1rwvkaio.png Table 1. Entry criteria. https://scispace.com/papers/systematic-risks-for-the-financial-and-for-the-non-financial-29ihp6im7z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-multiple-factor-capm-coefficients-for-the-eight-yj0ymclt.png Table 6 - Multiple Factor CAPM coefficients for the eight stock returns of the financial companies https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-single-factor-capm-coefficients-for-the-seven-stocks-1lgkzr0s.png Table 5 - Single Factor CAPM coefficients for the seven stocks of non financial companies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-the-16-returns-8xo6sm5c.png Table 1 - Descriptive statistics for the 16 returns https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-single-factor-capm-coefficients-for-the-eight-stock-2glrbyom.png Table 4 - Single Factor CAPM coefficients for the eight stock returns of the financial companies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-normality-tests-for-the-16-returns-15e57gs1.png Table 2 – Normality tests for the 16 returns https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evolution-of-bet-xt-index-between-january-2007-and-3odr4opc.png Figure 1 - Evolution of BET-XT index between January 2007 and March 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-multiple-factor-capm-coefficients-for-the-seven-3c9w3bqu.png Table 7 - Multiple Factor CAPM coefficients for the seven stock returns of the non financial companies https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-results-of-augmented-dickey-fuller-tests-of-kzjatkyu.png Table 3 – The results of Augmented Dickey – Fuller tests of stationarity for the 16 returns https://scispace.com/papers/systematic-review-reveals-multiple-sexually-antagonistic-jv4lo8277l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-genetic-loci-in-humans-showing-sexually-antagonistic-32vy3edh.png Table 1. Genetic loci in humans showing sexually antagonistic effects on trait expression. EAF, effect allele frequency (* indicates allele 197 frequency derived from 100 genomes database); M, male; F, female. Background colours denote instances where genes and/or variants 198 appear more than once in the list. 199 200 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prisma-flow-diagram-for-systematic-review-of-2n9wlwgy.png Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram for systematic review of sexually antagonistic loci in humans. 163 164 https://scispace.com/papers/systematic-security-and-timeliness-tradeoffs-in-real-time-3gipb9iogn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-key-length-reduction-under-overload-1gc8gj7c.png Figure 1. Key Length Reduction under Overload https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-appload-vs-success-ratio-xa744ynr.png Figure 4. AppLoad vs. Success Ratio https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-appload-vs-fraction-of-tasks-using-the-long-key-1flp9eet.png Figure 3. AppLoad vs. Fraction of Tasks Using the Long Key https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-appload-vs-success-ratio-2g6nlchm.png Figure 2. AppLoad vs. Success Ratio https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulation-settings-37d4jxeb.png Table 1. Simulation Settings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-appload-vs-fraction-of-tasks-using-the-long-key-2czvcucw.png Figure 5. AppLoad vs. Fraction of Tasks Using the Long Key https://scispace.com/papers/systematic-simulations-of-modified-gravity-symmetron-and-4ujzgs6ayd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-colour-online-the-same-as-fig-17-but-fora-0-3-2dbosx67.png FIG. 19. (Colour online) The same as Fig. 17, but fora = 0.3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-colour-online-the-ratio-between-the-mass-functions-f-1rkxlzfd.png FIG. 20. (Colour online) The ratio between the mass functions f the dilaton models and theΛCDM paradigm ata = 1.0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-colour-online-the-solution-todph-ph-ph-around-a-point-1wtd82fp.png FIG. 6. (Colour online) The solution toδϕ ≡ ϕ − ϕ̄ around a point mass constructed according to Eq. (81), for the five test dilaton models in Table II (see the legend). The solid curves withthe same colours are the corresponding analytical approximations which are accurate far from the point mass. Only solutions along thex-axis are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-colour-online-solutions-ofph-in-a-one-dimensional-3mw77lgb.png FIG. 7. (Colour online) Solutions ofϕ in a one-dimensional (xdirection) sine density field constructed using Eq. (84), for the six test symmetron models (as indicated besides the curves). The solid curves with same colour are the corresponding analytical results and the symbols are the numerical solutions. A simulation box with s de length of250h−1Mpc and 256 grid cells on each side is used in the computation.x is rescaled so thatx/B ∈ [0, 1]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-colour-online-the-ratio-between-the-mass-functions-f-3ap2api1.png FIG. 15. (Colour online) The ratio between the mass functions f the symmetron models and theΛCDM paradigm ata = 1.0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-illustration-of-how-the-dilaton-mechanism-works-the-diuy0vt2.png FIG. 1. An illustration of how the dilaton mechanism works. The dashed, dotted and solid curves are respectively the barepotentialV (ϕ) of the dilaton field, the coupling function and the total effectivepotentialVeff(ϕ). Left Panel: in high matter-density regions the minimum ofVeff(ϕ) is where the coupling strength vanishes and so the fifth forceis suppressed.Right Panel: in low matter-density regions the coupling strength does not vanish at the minima ofVeff(ϕ), where the dilaton field resides, and so a nonzero fifth force tak s effect in structure formation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-illustration-of-how-the-symmetron-mechanism-works-3uu4ysrf.png FIG. 2. An illustration of how the symmetron mechanism works. The dashed, dotted and solid curves are respectively the bare potentialV (ϕ) of the symmetron field, the coupling function and the total effective potentialVeff(ϕ). Left Panel: in high matter-density regions the minimum of Veff(ϕ) is where the coupling strength vanishes and so the fifth forceis suppressed.Right Panel: in low matter-density regions the coupling strength does not vanish at the minima ofVeff(ϕ), where the symmetron field resides, so a nonzero fifth force tak s effect in the structure formation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-colour-online-the-same-as-fig-15-but-fora-0-5-2uikjqek.png FIG. 16. (Colour online) The same as Fig. 15, but fora = 0.5. https://scispace.com/papers/systematics-and-symmetry-in-molecular-phylogenetic-modelling-4cp7y9mzrd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-illustrating-the-construction-of-the-truncated-32s29a2m.png Figure 4: Illustrating the construction of the truncated phylogenetic tensor P T , corresponding to the case of the 6-leaf tree of figure 2. In the notation used in that example, we have PT = M2⊗M3⊗M ′3⊗M5⊗M ′5⊗M ′4◦P T . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-three-taxon-tree-a-is-modified-by-the-ftxztbn3.png Figure 7: A three taxon tree (a) is modified by the introduction of the additional split 23|1 in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-tree-equivalent-to-that-of-figure-2-allowing-24dhhteu.png Figure 3: An tree equivalent to that of figure 2, allowing more than one internal node at each depth. In this case the depth is 4, and the coding is (r1 = 1, r2 = {1, 2}, r3 = {2, 3}) . At depths 2 and 3, the two required splitting operators δ and out-edge evolution insertions M ⊗M ′ can be combined (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-transitions-undergone-by-states-across-an-alignment-2xax0j3i.png Figure 8: Transitions undergone by states across an alignment if an operator for an incompatible split is introduced in the construction. In the three leaf case, the action on tensor components representing taxa 2 and 3 are given, under the operators (a) Q[23], and (b) K(23) − I⊗ I⊗ I. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-rooted-tree-on-four-leaves-wz7hn4z8.png Figure 6: A rooted tree on four leaves. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustrating-the-construction-of-the-phylogenetic-1s91lw99.png Figure 2: Illustrating the construction of the phylogenetic tensor PT , for the case of a 6-leaf tree (L = 6), the tree presentation with internal node positions (r1, r2, r3, r4, r5) = (1, 1, 2, 4, 4). The 2(L−1) = 10 edges (L = 6 leaf edges and L−2 = 4 internal) are decorated with (L−1) = 5 pairs of stochastic matrices {M1M ′1 ;M1M ′1 ; · · · ;M5,M ′5}. Without loss of generality, a root node (at level 0) is replaced by an equivalent, unique valence 2 root node (at level 1), assigned an (initial) phylogenetic vector π ∈ V . The nodes at level 6 are the leaves. See the text for the recursive construction of PT . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-diagram-depicting-the-hierarchy-of-lie-markov-9lgt3zs9.png Figure 5: Diagram depicting the hierarchy of Lie-Markov models with symmetry S2oS2 and their interrelationships. For specific forms of rate matrices, see §§2.2.1, 2.2.4. Note that there are three hierarchies of Lie-Markov models, depending on the underlying nucleotide pairing; the entries labelled by common names in the chart generally occur within the RY variant. Thus for example, in addition to the standard Tamura-Nei (equal frequency) TrNefRY rate model, there are two alternatives TrNefWS and TrNefMK , all denoted (3.3c). The strand symmetric model (6.6) on the other hand, entails Watson-Crick or strong-weak pairing, so that in addition to SSMWS there are the SSMRY and SSMMK variants. In some cases, the rate matrix is sufficiently degenerate that these variants are not distinguished; this is the case for the the one-parameter Jukes-Cantor JC model (1.1); the standard Felsenstein F81 rate model (4.4a); model (6.7); the doubly stochastic model (9.20b), and of course the general Markov model GM , model (12.12). In some cases, notably the doubly stochastic model, a permutation basis does not exist. The omission of some expected common models – with labels such as HKY and GTR (see §§2.2.3) – from the chart illustrates the very point of the classification of Lie Markov models, that in such rate models, the generators do not form a closed Lie algebra, and thus are expected to perform badly in inhomogeneous settings. See the text for definitions and further elaboration of the arguments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-phylogenetic-dataset-from-yang-1996-6-on-human-2lvvtqpm.png Figure 1: A phylogenetic dataset from Yang, 1996 [6] on human evolutionary origins (reproduced by permission of the author). Table 1, site frequency patterns and parsimony; table 2, likelihood analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/systematics-of-neutron-induced-fission-cross-sections-over-3tezars6fq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-neutron-induced-f-i-s-s-i-o-n-c-r-o-s-s-s-e-c-t-i-o-n-panj0c9e.png Fig . 4. Neutron-induced f i s s i o n c r o s s s e c t i o n s of t h e a c t i n i d e s a s a f u n c t i o n of compound nuc l eus mass number f o r incident-neu t r o n energy 0 .2 through https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-neutron-induced-f-i-s-s-i-o-n-c-r-o-s-s-s-e-c-t-i-o-n-2v905xe8.png Fig. 3 . Neutron-induced f i s s i o n c r o s s s e c t i o n s of t h e a c t i n i d e s a s a f u n c t i o n of compound nucleus mass number f o r inc ident -neut ron energy 0 .5 through https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-neutron-induced-f-i-s-s-i-o-n-c-r-o-s-s-s-e-c-t-i-o-n-5g48srap.png Fig . 6. Neutron-induced f i s s i o n c r o s s s e c t i o n s f o r radium through c a l i f o r n i u m a s a f u n c t i o n of compound nuc l eus mass number f o r 0.0253 eV inc iden t -neu t ron https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-neutron-induced-f-i-s-s-i-o-n-c-r-o-s-s-s-e-c-t-i-o-n-k2p066o1.png Fig . 5 . Neutron-induced f i s s i o n c r o s s s e c t i o n s f o r thor ium through fermium a s a f u n c t i o n of compound nuc l eus mass number f o r 0.0253 e~ i nc iden t -neu t ron energy f o r even-N compound n u c l e i . Odd-Z n u c l e i a r e r ep re sen t ed by open https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-neutron-induced-f-i-s-s-i-o-n-c-r-o-s-s-s-e-c-t-i-o-n-2dtnh2ut.png Fig . 1. Neutron-induced f i s s i o n c r o s s s e c t i o n s of t h e a c t i n i d e s a s a f u n c t i o n of compound nuc l eus mass number f o r (a) t h e inc ident -neut ron energy r ange https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-1-i-nne-r-f-i-s-s-i-o-n-b-a-r-r-i-e-r-h-e-i-g-h-t-s-of-3u2ykq19.png Fig. A-1. I nne r f i s s i o n b a r r i e r h e i g h t s of t h e a c t i n i d e s a s a f u n c t i o n o f compound nuc l eus mass number. Odd-N compound n u c l e i a r e r ep re sen t ed by open symbols; c l o s e d symbols represen t ' even-N n u c l e i . Graphs o v e r l a p b u t a r e https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-neutron-induced-f-i-s-s-i-o-n-c-r-o-s-s-s-e-c-t-i-o-n-3h1i9w63.png Fig . 2. Neutron-induced f i s s i o n c r o s s s e c t i o n s of t h e a c t i n i d e s a s a f u n c t i o n of compound nuc leus mass number f o r t h e inc ident -neut ron energy r ange 0 .9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-values-of-rn-rf-f-o-r-t-h-e-a-c-t-i-n-i-d-e-s-a-s-a-f-pw6gkn4u.png Fig . 7 . Values of <rn>/<rf> f o r t h e a c t i n i d e s a s a f u n c t i o n of compound nuc leus mass number £.or t h e i n c i d e n t n e u t r o n energy range o f t h e f i r s t f i s s i o n p l a t e a u f o r ( a ) thor ium through neptunium and (b) thor ium through c a l i f o r n i u m . https://scispace.com/papers/systeme-renine-angiotensine-et-cancers-urologiques-45h6pr7hvi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-systeme-renine-angiotensine-et-classes-8j00dimy.png Figure 1: Système rénine-angiotensine et classes thérapeutiques bloquant la cascade enzymatique. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-role-de-lang-ii-sur-les-differentes-voies-de-3mtcr4ub.png Figure 2 : Rôle de l’Ang-II sur les différentes voies de signalisation liées à la prolifération et la migration cellulaire, ainsi que les voies de l’angiogénèse. https://scispace.com/papers/systemic-design-and-energy-management-of-a-standalone-56eu7syiyd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hydraulic-parameters-of-different-components-of-the-1gv3qknj.png Table 3 Hydraulic parameters of different components of the experimental desalination test bench 267 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-produced-freshwater-quantity-in-m3-according-to-3g97ptp4.png Table 7 Produced freshwater quantity (in m3) according to component sizing 464 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summarry-of-the-reported-standalone-small-scale-res-2sm7ze3s.png Table 1 Summarry of the reported standalone small-scale RES-BWRO units (≤ 10m3/d) in the last decade 53 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-specifications-of-the-experimental-desalination-test-3pnwrqmx.png Table 2 Specifications of the experimental desalination test bench 158 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-characteristics-of-the-new-hpp-grundfos-1-5kw-cre-1-39d8fshx.png Table 8 Characteristics of the new HPP Grundfos 1.5kW – CRE 1-21 465 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-produced-freshwater-quantity-in-m3-according-to-2dxzx0jw.png Table 9 Produced freshwater quantity (in m3) according to component sizing using the new HPP 1.5kW – CRE 1-21 477 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-synoptic-of-the-quasi-static-modeling-of-a-single-pump-2y2hxff0.png Fig. 6. Synoptic of the quasi-static modeling of a single-pump hydro-mechanical process: a power flow model 223 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-different-pump-combinations-417-2f4hp496.png Table 5 Different pump combinations 417 https://scispace.com/papers/systemic-and-topical-antibiotics-for-chronic-rhinosinusitis-45dc995zgh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-risk-of-bias-summary-review-authors-judgements-lk7b9euz.png Figure 2. ’Risk of bias’ summary: review authors’ judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-process-for-sifting-search-results-and-selecting-ch8nqsq9.png Figure 1. Process for sifting search results and selecting studies for inclusion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-risk-of-bias-graph-review-authors-judgements-about-2iu4glfk.png Figure 3. ’Risk of bias’ graph: review authors’ judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies. https://scispace.com/papers/systemic-impact-caused-by-the-integration-of-la-guajira-wind-1l3sjrxyd5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-general-description-of-the-five-stages-proposed-for-dcvec23m.png Fig. 2. General description of the five stages proposed for the developing of wind power at La Guajira Peninsula. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-monthly-wind-speed-at-two-locations-on-the-la-guajira-ltz03auh.png Fig. 1. Monthly Wind Speed at two locations on the La Guajira Peninsula. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-general-structure-for-the-model-of-a-vswt-with-a-1pwtkjv3.png Fig. 4. General structure for the model of a VSWT with a direct-drive PMSG [9]. [11]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-representative-single-line-diagram-of-the-western-3s5id7vg.png Fig. 3. Representative single-line diagram of the Western Zulia Power System. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-changes-on-steady-state-bus-voltages-for-the-30sv4ea5.png Fig. 5. Changes on Steady-State bus Voltages for the Integration Cases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-response-of-western-zulia-power-system-contingency-a-q4u584tm.png Fig. 8. Response of Western Zulia power System: Contingency A, Case II. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-response-of-western-zulia-power-system-contingency-a-2qb7ldw9.png Fig. 6. Response of Western Zulia power System: Contingency A, Base Case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-response-of-western-zulia-power-system-contingency-a-mvjqd2ys.png Fig. 7. Response of Western Zulia power System: Contingency A, Case I. https://scispace.com/papers/systemic-inhibition-of-mtor-kinase-via-rapamycin-disrupts-4o79nygxjj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-300a2sob.png Figure 1. A. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-systemic-rapamycin-treatment-twelve-hours-after-2rs2u4e5.png Figure 7. Systemic rapamycin treatment twelve hours after reactivation impairs fear memory reconsolidation. Mice receiving a single rapamycin (RAP-1 2) injection at 12 hours (A), but not at 24 hours (B) post-reactivation (RA P-24), show significantly decreased recall 48 hours atter retrieval, 96 hour post-training, relative to vehicle (VEH12, 24) counterparts [mixed ANOVA: main etfect ofdrug F (1 , 43) 4 .078, p = .050, and main effect of day F (2, 86) = 89.903 , p < .001 ]. Post hoc comparisons (t-tests) of vehicle versus rapamycin-treated mice for 12 and 24 hour delay groups [t (21) = 2.460, p = .023 , t (22) = 0. 190, p = .85 1, respectively] on final day of testing. N = 12 for all groups, except for RA P- 12 , n = 11. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1vnrjcbq.png Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1rcwn8cn.png Figure 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-35gp76a9.png Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-3c7fij5p.png Figure 7. Systemic rapamycin treatment twelve hours after reactivation impairs fear memory reconsolidation. Mice receiving a single rapamycin (RAP-1 2) injection at 12 hours (A), but not at 24 hours (B) post-reactivation (RA P-24), show significantly decreased recall 48 hours atter retrieval, 96 hour post-training, relative to vehicle (VEH12, 24) counterparts [mixed ANOVA: main etfect ofdrug F (1 , 43) 4 .078, p = .050, and main effect of day F (2, 86) = 89.903 , p < .001 ]. Post hoc comparisons (t-tests) of vehicle versus rapamycin-treated mice for 12 and 24 hour delay groups [t (21) = 2.460, p = .023 , t (22) = 0. 190, p = .85 1, respectively] on final day of testing. N = 12 for all groups, except for RA P- 12 , n = 11. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-single-session-two-trial-auditory-fear-procedure-1c1jypt8.png Figure I . Single session, two-trial auditory fear procedure optimizes associability and maximizes the conditioned response .... ............. .. .. .. ............ ............. .......... ........ .48 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-ru8ucb09.png Figure 2. A. https://scispace.com/papers/systemizing-virtual-learning-and-technologies-by-managing-3iyaguyh6e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-knowledge-centric-components-and-practices-of-1i0dkzrk.png Figure 1. Knowledge-centric components and practices of workplace learning and performance https://scispace.com/papers/systems-engineering-interfaces-a-model-based-approach-5fvhs6751s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-complete-interface-instance-1n41f2tr.png Figure 5. Complete Interface Instance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-system-a-interface-2vdpsto8.png Figure 4. System A Interface https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-system-interaction-192k2y2j.png Figure 6. System Interaction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-system-interaction-with-agreement-1vtxynl2.png Figure 8. System Interaction with Agreement https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-mmos-interaction-functionality-description-1au0q1x3.png Table 8. MMOS Interaction Functionality Description https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-mmos-functionality-interaction-1kh8pov7.png Figure 9. MMOS Functionality Interaction https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-interface-engineering-definitions-t308vtd1.png Table 1. Interface Engineering Definitions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-viewpoints-1ejgqgrz.png Table 2. Viewpoints https://scispace.com/papers/systemic-risk-in-the-european-sovereign-and-banking-system-1zr3h2k290 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-decomposition-of-systemic-risk-2upzvdjt.png Table 4. Decomposition of systemic risk. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-conditional-joint-probability-of-default-of-the-2q6hnosk.png Figure 8. Conditional joint probability of default of the sovereign system, given the joint default of all banks in a particular sovereign and the average DTD. Note: Panels (a), (c), and (e) present the conditional joint probability of default of the sovereign system, given the joint default of all banks in each sovereign (listed in the legend of each panel) in the core, peripheral, and non-EA sovereign systems, respectively. Panels (b), (d), and (f) present the average DTD of all banks in each sovereign (listed in the legend of each panel) in the core, peripheral, and non-EA sovereign systems, respectively. The sample period is from 1 January 2008 to 1 July 2013. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-conditional-joint-probability-of-default-of-a-317m7pjc.png Figure 3. Conditional joint probability of default of a particular sovereign, given the default of the sovereign system excluding that sovereign. Note: Panels (a), (b), and (c) present the conditional joint probability of default of each sovereign in the core, peripheral, and non-EA sovereign systems, respectively, given the default of the sovereign system, excluding the sovereign in the legend of each panel. The sample period for all panels is from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2013. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-average-mes-of-all-banks-in-a-particular-sovereign-3rm5uiyd.png Figure 12. Average MES of all banks in a particular sovereign. Note: Panels (a), (b), and (c) present the average MES of all banks in each sovereign (listed in the legend of each panel) in the core, peripheral, and non-EA sovereign systems, respectively. The banks and their home country are listed in Table 1. The sample period for all panels is from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2013. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-conditional-joint-probability-of-default-of-a-1t52tsca.png Figure 4. Conditional joint probability of default of a particular peripheral sovereign, given the default of other peripheral sovereigns. Note: Each panel presents the conditional joint probability of default of each of the five peripheral sovereigns (Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, and Spain), given the default of the sovereigns listed in the legend. The sample period for all panels is from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2013. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-conditional-joint-probability-of-default-of-the-3nam577h.png Figure 7. Conditional joint probability of default of the banking system, given the default of a particular sovereign during the global financial crisis and the sovereign debt crisis. Note: Panel (a) presents the conditional joint probability of default of the banking system, given the default of the sovereigns listed in the legend during the global financial crisis. Panel (b) presents the conditional joint probability of default of the banking system, given the default of the sovereigns listed in the legend during the sovereign debt crisis. The sample period for the first panel is from 1 January 2008 to 28 February 2010. The sample period for the second panel is from 1 March 2010 to 31 December 2013. Major events are denoted by dashed vertical lines and a brief description is provided in Appendix B. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-conditional-joint-probability-of-default-of-the-30mv1qzl.png Table 3. Conditional joint probability of default of the banking system given the default of individual banks on specific dates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-alternative-specifications-for-the-decomposition-of-1qkvtayj.png Table 5. Alternative specifications for the decomposition of systemic risk. https://scispace.com/papers/systems-for-safety-and-autonomous-behavior-in-cars-the-darpa-3apfpmuyyw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-terramax-before-gc04-and-ion-before-gc05-1izprf7l.png Fig. 5. TerraMax before GC’04 and ION before GC’05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-situation-behavior-control-for-ion-2kwp7jlh.png Fig. 12. Situation/behavior/control for ION. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-autonomous-cars-from-the-ohio-state-university-2n8xxbqa.png Fig. 1. Two autonomous cars from The Ohio State University team in Demo’97 performing a vehicle pass without infrastructure aids. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sensing-system-components-and-effective-ranges-ks5m8a86.png Fig. 6. Sensing system components and effective ranges. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-path-proposed-by-video-platform-1q9dnn15.png Fig. 11. Path proposed by video platform. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-generic-real-time-path-adjustment-2quuehqz.png Fig. 16. Generic real-time path adjustment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sensor-network-to-improve-perception-32ubl0ax.png Fig. 3. Sensor network to improve perception. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-swerving-around-an-obstacle-xdvhd6zx.png Fig. 14. Swerving around an obstacle. https://scispace.com/papers/systems-and-cost-analysis-for-a-nuclear-subterrene-tunneling-ru4xguplxx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-5sp3itq8.png TABLE VI https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-costs-vs-tunnel-diameter-for-rock-tunnels-pd08otlu.png Fig. 12. Costs vs tunnel diameter for rock tunnels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-schematic-of-heat-fluxes-related-to-glass-liner-26mrv3cp.png Fig. 7. Schematic of heat fluxes related to glass liner cooling section. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-department-of-tran-portation-demand-data-and-mstm-2m4pczog.png Fig. 16. Department of Tran .portation demand data and MSTM benefits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-ib-effect-of-5056-variation-in-hsom-excavation-equipment-1j5zjfbz.png Fig. IB. Effect of * 5056 variation in HSOM excavation equipment costs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-effect-of-advance-rate-on-costs-20tdbxm6.png Fig. 17. Effect of advance rate on costs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-bsver-distribution-for-a-5ype-i-nsom-2hoppti8.png Fig. 5. Bsver distribution for a 5ype-I NSOM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-reactor-thermal-power-vs-finished-tunnel-diameter-1ehn3bng.png Fig. 6. Reactor thermal power vs finished tunnel diameter. https://scispace.com/papers/systems-thinking-and-modelling-for-sustainable-water-49j70gy14h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2-reference-modes-of-key-variable-of-the-vrb-over-3r34dx88.png Figure 6.2: Reference modes of key variable of the VRB over 10-year time horizon https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-mean-scores-standard-deviation-std-dev-and-rank-2p3iesxw.png Table 5.2: Mean scores, standard deviation (Std.Dev.), and rank orders for each driver with Mann–Whitney U test between the two expert groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-thesis-structure-35i16kr4.png Figure. 1.2: Thesis structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3-cld-of-biophysical-environmental-sub-model-6nz0e7x3.png Figure 6.3. CLD of biophysical/environmental sub-model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-7-behaviour-of-selected-variables-under-the-39zzjrwg.png Figure 7.7: Behaviour of selected variables under the baseline model run (BAU). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-a-simplified-model-of-drivers-of-change-i4lc19d2.png Figure 5.2: A simplified Model of Drivers of Change identified in the Volta River Basin and their interactions. VS denotes “slow changing variables”, while VF denotes “fast changing variables”. ↑ indicates increasing trend in the driver, while ↓ indicates decreasing trend. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-1-evaluation-of-the-modelling-process-1xxf8023.png Figure 8.1. Evaluation of the modelling process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2-sfd-of-the-water-resources-sub-sector-1w3ksa9m.png Figure 7.2. SFD of the water resources sub-sector https://scispace.com/papers/t-music-a-melody-composer-based-on-frequent-pattern-mining-1pvkskvj15 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-fragment-of-song-scarborough-fair-17w4d1sq.png Fig. 2. A fragment of song (Scarborough Fair) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-illustration-example-2l68sd10.png Fig. 4. A illustration example https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-main-interface-of-t-music-pe0y71xk.png Fig. 5. Main interface of T-Music https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tones-of-the-word-international-from-merriam-webster-1vj8ehlz.png Fig. 1. Tones of the word “International” (from merriam-webster dictionary) https://scispace.com/papers/t-cells-are-present-in-non-diabetic-islets-and-accumulate-959jm43j84 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-see-legend-on-next-page-c96be5fm.png Fig. 4 (See legend on next page.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-see-legend-on-next-page-260j1y6g.png Fig. 2 (See legend on next page.) https://scispace.com/papers/t-idba-a-de-novo-iterative-de-bruijn-graph-assembler-for-4pwcbjt0rp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-distribution-of-mrnas-in-components-26hbm4vc.png Table 2. The distribution of mRNAs in components https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-number-of-mrnas-with-length-k-repeats-b6xq9g86.png Table 3. The number of mRNAs with length-k repeats. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-experimental-results-of-log-normal-distribution-3lqeehnw.png Figure 4. Experimental results of log normal distribution dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-experimental-results-of-uniform-distribution-1a9qlam3.png Figure 3. Experimental results of uniform distribution dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-results-of-equal-distribution-dataset-1f0wned1.png Figure 2. Experimental results of equal distribution dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-experimental-results-of-real-data-1bnxv2tv.png Figure 5. Experimental results of real data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-coverage-distribution-of-mrna-uc007awt-t-in-2xalz9cg.png Figure 6. The coverage distribution of mRNA uc007awt.t in real data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-number-of-genes-in-mouse-containing-a-repeated-1tbooufx.png Table 1. The number of genes in mouse containing a repeated pattern with length ≥ k as some other genes. https://scispace.com/papers/t-ray-tomographic-imaging-2dmg84z5i1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-test-structure-imaged-by-the-tray-dt-system-the-2r93q6bo.png Figure 6. The test structure imaged by the Tray DT system. The target consists of 3 rectangular polyethylene cylinders. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-geometry-of-the-t-ray-dt-test-structure-the-1lslxvfw.png Figure 7. The geometry of the T-ray DT test structure. The rectangular cylinders have dimensions of 2.0×1.5, 3.5×1.5 and 2.5×1.5 (clockwise from top) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simplified-hardware-schematic-used-for-t-ray-ct-the-d4bfk3cj.png Figure 1. Simplified hardware schematic used for T-ray CT. The ultrafast laser pulses are split into pump and probe beams. The pump beam triggers a biased (2000 V) wide aperture antenna to generate THz pulses which are focused on the target using parabolic mirrors. The probe beam is chirped using a grating pair to a pulse width of 30 ps. The THz temporal profile is encoded on the probe pulse using the 4 mm thick ZnTe electro-optic detector crystal and a pair of crossed polarisers. A spectrometer and CCD camera are used to recover the THz signal. Inset: a photo of the rotation stage and sample is shown. The sample is a dielectric sphere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-reconstructed-cross-section-of-the-polyethylene-3dr2ukx0.png Figure 8: Reconstructed cross-section of the polyethylene cylinders. The three cylinders are clearly differentiated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-reconstructed-3d-image-of-the-polyethylene-db0z633w.png Figure 9. Reconstructed 3D image of the polyethylene cylinders. Each horizontal slice was reconstructed independently and combined to form a 3D image. The visible ripples on the surface of the cylinders are caused by noise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-top-view-of-polyethylene-sheet-folded-into-an-s-41o0owo5.png Figure 2. Top view of polyethylene sheet folded into an ‘S’ shape. The polyethylene was held in place using scotch tape. The sample was mounted such that the THz beam was in the plane of the paper and the sample was rotated about the z-axis (the axis pointing out of the page). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-3d-reconstruction-of-the-sheet-of-polyethylene-puy5ig1p.png Figure 4. A 3D reconstruction of the sheet of polyethylene. The measured data was reconstructed using the filtered backprojection algorithm The phases of the THz pulses were used as the input to the algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-frequency-dependent-reconstructions-of-the-sheet-of-kbm0903w.png Figure 3. Frequency dependent reconstructions of the sheet of polyethylene. The measured data was Fourier transformed and the phase of the Fourier domain responses at 4 different frequencies was used to reconstruct the sample. Reconstructed cross sectional slices of the sample: (a) 0.2 THz, (b) 0.4 THz, (c) 0.6 THz, (d) 0.8 THz. https://scispace.com/papers/t3-rapid-prototyping-of-high-resolution-and-mixed-presence-2ll649n4e7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-complete-sample-code-top-to-create-a-tabletop-267h2krz.png Figure 4: Complete sample code (top) to create a tabletop spreadsheet application (bottom) using T3. The spreadsheet appears on the multiprojector tabletop. It can be passed between collaborators using Rotate ’N’ Translate, and is editable. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-collaborative-web-browsing-using-t3-web-pages-167qorq0.png Figure 5: Collaborative web-browsing using T3. Web pages appear small yet legible. They can be passed around the table (top) and browsed in a tree (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mixed-presence-collaboration-the-tabletop-provides-334ivltv.png Figure 1: Mixed-presence collaboration. The tabletop provides a shared visual workspace both for the co-located participants and the remote participants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-interactive-uml-sequence-diagrams-with-annotations-1yx9vuha.png Figure 8: Interactive UML sequence diagrams with annotations using T3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-remote-review-meetings-using-t3-documents-1xarwpcx.png Figure 6: Remote review meetings using T3. Documents containing size 12pt text can be read (top-left), browsed (top-right), and used for remote collaboration (bottom-left and bottomright). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mixed-presence-command-and-control-interfaces-using-3gcenx0y.png Figure 7: Mixed-presence command and control interfaces using T3. Two co-located participants (left) collaborate with a remote participant (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparing-tools-and-design-goals-3ts75r0r.png Table 1: Comparing tools and design goals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-t3-system-architecture-to-support-multi-projector-dk10wbt6.png Figure 2: T3 system architecture to support multi-projector tabletops and mixed-presence collaboration. https://scispace.com/papers/tachycardia-induced-cardiomyopathy-presenting-in-a-coma-a-2s8mph92um 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-follow-up-chest-pa-taken-after-recovery-of-cardiac-1taho970.png Fig. 3. Follow-up chest PA taken after recovery of cardiac function showed no cardiomegaly. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-electrocardiogram-shows-normal-sinus-rhythm-from-2klhsn4j.png Fig. 2. The electrocardiogram shows normal sinus rhythm from supraventricular tachycardia after adenosine infusion (arrow). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-chest-pa-on-the-admission-day-shows-cardiomegaly-miun9qd3.png Fig. 1. The chest PA on the admission day shows cardiomegaly without increased pulmonary vascular markings. https://scispace.com/papers/tackling-the-problem-of-regulatory-pressure-in-dutch-elderly-3lk0a8syyb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-interviews-and-observations-2fejvtza.png Table 1. Interviews and observations https://scispace.com/papers/tackling-self-absorption-in-luminescent-solar-concentrators-r68b1cnod5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-absolute-intensity-profiles-for-cdse-qds-type-ii-an-6jecbxv2.png Fig. 8. Absolute intensity profiles for CdSe QDs, type-II-an QDs, Lumogen Orange, Lumogen Red, Rhodamine 6G, and silica nanoparticles. Note that the signal for silica nanoparticles is totally due to scattering of the excitation light, since these particles are non-luminescent. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effects-of-self-absorption-on-intensity-left-and-on-3mqpcm2k.png Fig. 7. Effects of self-absorption on intensity (left) and on peak position (right) of colloidal CdSe QDs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-principle-of-operation-of-a-lsc-for-building-3b4pzgze.png Fig. 1. Principle of operation of a LSC for building integrated PV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-representation-of-band-structure-in-type-i-32srbpjg.png Fig. 2. Schematic representation of band structure in type-I QDs (left) and type-II semiconductor QDs (right). The spatially direct band gap energies are indicated as solid arrows. The spatially indirect one is shown as a broken line. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-key-quantities-determined-in-the-a9engeth.png Table 1 Summary of the key quantities determined in the present work for a number of luminophores: CdSe QDs, Rhodamine 6G (R6G), Lumogen Orange (Lumo O), CdTe/ CdSe/ZnS-core/multishell type-II QDs (TII-iso), and CdTe/CdSe dot-core/rod-shell type-II nanorods (TII-an): ZLQE, luminescence quantum yield; sSA, self-absorption cross-section; Dl, spectral shift after 30 mm optical path length; Loss, relative intensity loss after 30 mm optical path length; and x, integrated absorption spectra from 300 to 800 nm normalised with respect to Lumogen Orange. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-emission-spectra-of-type-ii-iso-quantum-dots-recorded-2dh22rzz.png Fig. 11. Emission spectra of type-II-iso quantum dots recorded at different distances from the excitation spot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-shift-of-maximum-of-the-emission-band-with-increasing-10cd3mp0.png Fig. 12. Shift of maximum of the emission band with increasing optical path of a selection of luminophores related to the initial position. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-emission-spectra-of-lumogen-orange-recorded-at-2lnkyki2.png Fig. 10. Emission spectra of Lumogen Orange recorded at different distances from the excitation spot. https://scispace.com/papers/tag-free-combinators-for-binding-time-polymorphic-program-384x0wtklh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-type-direction-translation-rules-28i1nnfg.png Fig. 6. Type-direction translation rules https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-naive-generator-with-binding-time-polymorphism-2s5weaea.png Fig. 1. Naive generator with binding-time polymorphism. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-binding-time-constraint-rules-3eudbpw4.png Fig. 5. Binding-Time Constraint Rules https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tagfree-generator-for-specializations-of-power-the-3toc4z9v.png Fig. 2. Tagfree generator for specializations of power. The type signature is truncated to save space. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-shape-rules-2koptjw2.png Fig. 4. Shape Rules https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-running-powergen-3tt04t5b.png Fig. 3. Running powergen. https://scispace.com/papers/tail-parameters-of-stable-distributions-using-one-million-cf29y1hye8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-uk-and-switzerland-office-markets-9p1alqkp.png Fig. 4: Comparison of UK and Switzerland Office Markets https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relation-of-estimates-for-the-characteristic-exponent-1bvqqyxs.png Fig. 5: Relation of Estimates for the Characteristic Exponent https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-parameter-box-plots-over-time-industrial-z7vxs9h3.png Fig. 3: Parameter Box Plots Over Time, Industrial https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-parameter-box-plots-over-time-office-rggvugh1.png Fig. 2: Parameter Box Plots Over Time, Office https://scispace.com/papers/tail-risk-and-hedge-fund-returns-1kqxykqqg1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-transition-matrix-for-fund-portfolios-sorted-on-tail-2yz9g2td.png Table V Transition Matrix for Fund Portfolios Sorted on Tail Risk Beta https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hedge-fund-research-hfr-fund-weighted-composite-2cfr6r19.png Figure 1 Hedge Fund Research (HFR) Fund Weighted Composite Index Return. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-alternative-performance-evaluation-models-2dzhp5kv.png Table VI Alternative Performance Evaluation Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-tail-risk-in-the-cross-section-of-hedge-fund-31rio1k9.png Table VIII Tail Risk in the Cross-Section of Hedge Fund Returns for Each Style https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-did-hedge-funds-with-lower-performance-in-the-1998-zbudl8gp.png Table II Did Hedge Funds with Lower Performance in the 1998 Crisis Perform Worse in the Recent Crisis as well? https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-hedge-fund-exposures-to-tail-risk-controlling-for-3nsvpidx.png Table VII Hedge Fund Exposures to Tail Risk Controlling for Liquidity and Correlation Risks https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-tail-risk-in-the-cross-section-of-hedge-fund-2r315zb3.png Table IV Tail Risk in the Cross-Section of Hedge Fund Returns https://scispace.com/papers/tagging-qtls-for-late-blight-resistance-and-plant-maturity-16qvnqcy6b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-linkage-and-qtl-map-of-the-population-98-21-parents-p1-3d90hqw9.png Fig. 3 Linkage and QTL map of the population 98-21 parents (P1— DG 83-1520, P2—DG 84-195). QTLs for resistance to P. infestans in leaXets (white rectangles), slices (black), and tubers (stripes), and QTLs for the vegetation period length (grey). Marker trait linkages, t test probabilities: *** P < 0.001. Diagonal lines indicate putative linkages https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distribution-of-mean-2003-2004-vegetation-period-hn63ltag.png Fig. 2 Distribution of mean (2003–2004) vegetation period length (in days) in the population 98-21and its Wtness to the normal curve. K-S Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, d coeYcient calculated for this test, p probability, the line indicates the normal curve. Vegetation period length of the parental clones is marked: P1 DG 83-1520, P2 DG 84-195 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distributions-of-mean-1999-2003-leaxet-a-slice-b-and-tqqy1ud2.png Fig. 1 Distributions of mean (1999–2003) leaXet (a), slice (b) and tuber (c) resistance to P. infestans assessed in 1–9 scale, where 9 means the most resistant (x-axis) in the population 98-21 and their Wtness to the normal curve. K-S Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, d coeYcient calculated for this test, p probability, the line indicates the normal curve. Resistance levels of parental clones is marked: P1 DG 83-1520, P2 DG 84-195 https://scispace.com/papers/tag-taxonomy-aware-dictionary-learning-for-region-tagging-4vetqxhjmd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-tag-taxonomy-for-msrc-v1-277p2g6i.png Figure 4. The tag taxonomy for MSRC-v1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-two-layer-tag-taxonomy-and-the-corresponding-40yssk3d.png Figure 1. A two-layer tag taxonomy and the corresponding dictionary framework. This tag taxonomy has two levels: superclass level and basic-class level. At the super-class level, training samples are divided into three super-classes Animal, Plant and Vehicle, whereas training samples within each super-class are further divided into a few basic classes. We associate each tag node with a node-specific dictionary and concatenate the node-specific dictionaries from each level to create a level-specific dictionary. The level-specific dictionaries for this taxonomy are D(1) and D(2) while the node-specific dictionaries are {D(1)s }s=1...3 and {D(2)k }k=1...7. We reconstruct each image region using different level-specific dictionaries and sum up the sparse codes obtained from different levels as the final feature representation to learn a linear classifier for region tagging. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-average-accuracies-of-region-tagging-by-1wc4i0hy.png Table 1. The average accuracies of region tagging by different methods on MSRC-v1, MSRC-v2 and SAIAPR TC-12 datatsets. 4.2. Comparing Methods and Parameter Setting https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-effect-of-parameters-l1-and-l2-on-the-region-31crdhzc.png Figure 3. The effect of parameters λ1 and λ2 on the region tagging performance of our method on three datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-confusion-matrices-for-ssdl-left-and-our-method-2h4crt8x.png Figure 5. Confusion matrices for SSDL (left) and our method MSDL (right) on the MSRC-v1 dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-performance-comparison-using-ssdl-and-msdl-for-5g3uxp4u.png Figure 8. The performance comparison using SSDL and MSDL for nine selected tags on each dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-tag-taxonomy-for-msrc-v2-ezgbd8qs.png Figure 6. The tag taxonomy for MSRC-v2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-examples-of-region-tagging-results-on-three-7m6k5p2e.png Figure 9. Examples of region tagging results on three benchmark image datasets. The subfigures from the top to the bottom corresponds to the MSRC-v1, MSRC-v2 and SAIAPR TC-12 datasets respectively. In each subfigure, the columns from the left to the right correspond to the samples image, region tagging results by [7], our baseline (SSDL) and our method (MSDL). Misclassified tags are in yellow while correctly classified tags are in white. The figure is best viewed in color. https://scispace.com/papers/tailor-made-metal-nitrogen-carbon-bifunctional-387fo9i07k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-i-v-polarization-a-and-power-density-b-curves-2t9ikprd.png Figure 11 The i−V polarization (a) and power density (b) curves of Zn-air batteries based on Pt/C-IrO2 and Co-BTC-bipy-700 catalysts. (c) Charge-discharge curves of Zn-air batteries based on Pt/C-IrO2 and Co-BTC-bipy-700 catalysts at different current densities after 30 cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-free-energy-variations-of-orr-elementary-steps-2p44uwzr.png Figure 6. (a) Free energy variations of ORR elementary steps and (b) rate-determining steps for different M-N-C structures. Inset in (b) shows top views of the potential configurations of M-N-C structure surfaces. Gold, white and blue balls represent C, N and M (M = Ni or Co) atoms, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-linear-scan-voltammograms-of-different-catalysts-at-2uxwuxhw.png Figure 7. Linear scan voltammograms of different catalysts at a rotating speed of 1600 rpm in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH at a scan rate of 10 mV s −1 : (a) Ni-BTC-DMF-700 and Ni-BTC-DMF-900 electrocatalysts; (b) Ni-BTC-bipy-700 and Ni-BTC-bipy-900 electrocatalysts; (c) Co-BTC-bipy-700 and Co-BTC-bipy-900 electrocatalysts; (d) Ni-BTC-DMF-700, Ni-BTC-DMF-900, Ni-BTC-bipy-700 and Ni-BTC-bipy-900 electrocatalysts; (e) Ni-BTC-bipy-700 and Co-BTC-bipy-700 electrocatalysts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-the-id-ig-ratios-of-different-catalysts-based-on-3eert36a.png Figure 2. (a) The ID/IG ratios of different catalysts based on Raman spectra (Figure S7− S9). (b) N content (at.%) of different MOFs after pyrolysis under different temperatures, determined by CHN analysis based on total amount of C, H and N. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-oer-polarization-curves-of-pt-c-iro2-and-co-btc-11s8tts8.png Figure 10. (a) OER polarization curves of Pt/C, IrO2 and Co-BTC-bipy-700 catalysts on a RDE rotating at 1600 rpm in 0.1 M KOH; (b) Corresponding Tafel plots obtained from the polarization curves; (c) OER stability test of IrO2 and Co-BTC-bipy-700 catalysts with a constant applied potential of 1.7 V vs. RHE in 0.1 M KOH; (d) OER polarization curves of IrO2 and Co-BTC-bipy-700 catalysts at a rotation speed of 1600 rpm in 0.1 M KOH before and after stability tests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-illustration-of-the-synthesis-of-mofs-on-2s86z30b.png Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the synthesis of MOFs on substrates, schematic views of the crystal structures showing the coordinative environments around the center metal atoms in Ni-BTC-DMF, Ni-BTC-bipy and Co-BTC-bipy (all H atoms are omitted for clarity), and view of supramolecular frameworks from the b axis. SEM images of (a) Ni-BTC-DMF, (b) Ni-BTC-bipy and (c) Co-BTC-bipy electrodeposited on substrates are also given. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-high-resolution-xps-spectra-of-different-n-3h0swjq6.png Figure 3. High-resolution XPS spectra of different N-heteroatom species and their relative content in (a) Ni-BTC-DMF-700 and Ni-BTC-DMF-900 catalysts, (b) Ni-BTC-bipy-700 and Ni-BTC-bipy-900 catalysts, and (c) Co-BTC-bipy-700 and Co-BTC-bipy-900 catalysts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-linear-scan-voltammograms-lsv-of-pt-c-and-co-btc-1u6x52et.png Figure 8. (a) Linear scan voltammograms (LSV) of Pt/C and Co-BTC-bipy-700 electrocatalysts on a RDE at a rotation speed of 1600 rpm in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH at a scan rate of 10 mV s −1 before and after cycling tests (in the range of 0.5 V−1 V vs. RHE). (b) Cyclic voltammograms (CV) of Pt/C and Co-BTC-bipy-700 electrocatalysts at a scan rate of 50 mV s −1 without the addition of methanol and after the addition of 1 M methanol. https://scispace.com/papers/tailored-terahertz-pulses-from-a-laser-modulated-electron-2jpk5vss5o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-stimulated-bursting-emission-as-a-function-of-beam-hitmnyqg.png Figure 5. Stimulated bursting emission as a function of beam current grows exponentially followed by a saturation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-laser-slicing-thz-output-from-an-optimized-csr-1vxe3b00.png Figure 6. Laser slicing THz output from an optimized CSR source such as the proposed CIRCE project in Berkeley. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-laser-slicing-setup-at-the-als-1nteuqja.png Figure 1. Schematic of the ‘laser slicing’ setup at the ALS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bursting-emissions-upper-panel-become-synchronous-3pc1cugd.png Figure 4. “Bursting” emissions (upper panel) become synchronous to the laser slicing (lower panel). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-slicing-density-distributions-for-nominal-red-and-2hqx3tuy.png Figure 2. Slicing density distributions for nominal (red) and high-alpha lattices (blue), at two beam ports. https://scispace.com/papers/tailored-electron-transfer-pathways-in-aucore-ptshell-46j0n6uqw9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tem-images-of-a-g-cys-b-g-cys-au-and-c-g-cys-au-pt-3j13zvtt.png Figure 1. TEM images of (A) G-Cys, (B) G-Cys-Au and (C) G-Cys-Au@Pt. The size distributions of Au@Pt NPs are shown as inset in (B) and (C). (D) HR-TEM image of G-CysAu@Pt. (E) STEM image of Au@Pt NP with EDX elemental mapping of (F) Au, (G) Pt, and (H) composition image of both Au and Pt signals. Scale bar in E is 2 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cyclic-voltammetry-of-a-g-cys-au-pt-and-b-c-pt-in-i3r7uqvp.png Figure 4. Cyclic voltammetry of (A) G-Cys-Au@Pt and (B) C-Pt in oxygen saturated 0.10 M HClO4 (solid lines) and Ar (dashed lines) at 50 mVs-1. (C) Voltammetry of RRDE on the ring electrode (upper) and disk electrode (bottom) for G-Cys-Au@Pt (red) and C-Pt (black). Disk currents represent catalyst performance towards ORR (solid lines) and ring currents simultaneous oxidation of H2O2 formed during ORR (dashed lines). Linear sweep voltammetry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ca-plots-displaying-catalyst-stability-in-fcs-at-80-39cofjs2.png Figure 7. CA plots displaying catalyst stability in FCs at 80 ºC for G-Cys-Au@Pt (red) and CPt (black) fed by (A) 3.0 M FA, (B) 1.0 M MeOH and (C) 1.0 M EtOH. CA was performed at the potential corresponding to the maximum power output for 6000 s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-uv-vis-spectra-analysis-of-a-unsupported-pt-black-1e37wurr.png Figure 2. UV-vis spectra analysis of (A) unsupported Pt (black), Au NPs (blue) and Au@Pt (red) NPs; (B) purified GO (green), G-Cys (black), G-Cys-Au (blue) and G-Cys-Au@Pt (red). (C) Schematic representation of G-Cys-Au@Pt. G-Cys-Au@Pt elemental XPS analysis of: (D) sulfur, (E) nitrogen and (F) carbon spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-co-desorption-from-co-saturated-pt-surfaces-solid-2y5dbowb.png Figure 3. CO desorption from CO-saturated Pt surfaces (solid line), and clean, CO-free surfaces (dashed line), for (A) G-Cys-Au@Pt and (B) C-Pt catalysts. The charges associated with CO and hydrogen desorption at ca. 0.5 and -0.2 V, respectively, are indicated with filled areas. Cyclic voltammograms in 0.10 M H2SO4 were recorded at 50 mV s-1 while insets represent CO oxidation at 10 mV s-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-fc-performance-for-g-cys-au-pt-catalyst-in-a-3-0-m-3vm5p27i.png Figure 6. FC performance for G-Cys-Au@Pt catalyst in (A) 3.0 M FA, (B) 1.0 M MeOH and (C) 1.0 M EtOH at 40 (blue), 60 (green) and 80 ºC (red). Comparison of FC performance at 80 ºC for G-Cys-Au@Pt (red) and C-Pt (black) in (D) 3.0 M FA, (E) 1.0 M MeOH and (F) 1.0 M EtOH. G-Cys-Au@Pt loadings were 0.64 mgPt cm-2 (FA), 0.52 mgPt cm-2 (MeOH) and 0.50 mgPt cm-2 (EtOH). C-Pt anode loadings were 0.52 mgPt cm-2 (FA), 0.52 mgPt cm-2 (MeOH) and 0.50 mgPt cm-2 (EtOH). Commercial 1.0 mgPt cm-2 catalyst was used as cathode in all assembled MEAs. Fuel flow was 2.0 mL min-1, non-humidified O2 flow 100 mL min-1. In all the figures (□) represents voltage and (▽) power plots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cyclic-voltammograms-of-g-cys-au-pt-red-and-c-pt-cu222s0s.png Figure 5. Cyclic voltammograms of G-Cys-Au@Pt (red) and C-Pt (black) during electrochemical oxidation of 0.10 M (A) FA, (C) MeOH and (E) EtOH at 50 mV s-1. Chronoamperometric (CA) response of G-Cys-Au@Pt and C-Pt in 0.10 M (B) FA at 0.10 V, (D) MeOH at 0.3 V, and (F) EtOH at 0.3 V. The supporting electrolyte in all the measurements was 0.10 M H2SO4. https://scispace.com/papers/tailored-plasma-density-profiles-for-enhanced-energy-50rdi07m8q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-multi-staged-uniform-density-scheme-this-plot-2qhzr9br.png Figure 3. Multi-staged uniform density scheme. This plot depicts PIC simulation results for the plasma density profile shown in figure 2(a), with sharp density transitions from n1 = 3.3n0, at s = 8.9 cm, and from n2 = (3.3)2n0, at s = 12.5 cm. Initially, the total beam energy (black line) is extracted in a linear fashion, being deposited into the plasma (green line). Due to re-acceleration of particles, the total beam energy loss saturates at 30% of its total initial energy (U/U0 ' 0.3). Saturation is then “broken” by the first density transition, which causes the ejection of these particles. The total (cumulative) ejected energy (orange line), as well as the average energy per ejected particle (blue line) are also shown. A new saturation regime (U/U0 ' 0.2) is broken by the second density transition. Although a total beam energy of U/U0 ' 0.1 is obtained, most of the extracted energy is now ejected, with a substantial increase in the average energy per ejected particle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plasma-density-profiles-for-the-distinct-types-of-xs1kk9a7.png Figure 2. Plasma density profiles for the distinct types of varying plasma-density schemes: (a) multi-staged uniform density; (b) linearly increasing; (c) and (d) constant rate of plasma wavelength change. https://scispace.com/papers/tailoring-nanostructured-catalysts-for-electrochemical-5f6s9tnap9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-formation-of-metallic-nanoparticles-by-water-in-oil-evbsusnx.png Figure 4 Formation of metallic nanoparticles by water-in-oil microemulsion process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-46-wt-pt-c-and-39-wt-ti-0-7-w-0-3-o-2-2v3hdok4.png Figure 8 Comparison of 46 wt % Pt/C and 39 wt % Ti 0.7 W 0.3 O 2 /C. (A) Cyclic voltammogram and (B) the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) tested in an oxygen-saturated solution of 0.1 m H 2 SO 4 using a rotating disk electrode (RDE). Reprinted, with permission, from [122] . Copyright (2010) American Chemical Society. (C) Current potential and power density characteristics of a H 2 /O 2 PEMFC with the following cathode catalysts: (1) Pt/TiO 2 /C, 0.4 mg cm -2 , photodeposition; (2) Pt/C, 0.16 mg cm -2 , carbonyl; (3) Pt/TiO 2 /C, 0.16 mg cm -2 , photodeposition. Reprinted with permission from [131] . Copyright (2010) Elsevier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-current-status-of-the-costs-of-the-components-of-a-1y7hvph5.png Figure 11 Current status of the costs of the components of a hydrogen/oxygen polymer electrolyte fuel cell (H 2 /O 2 PEMFC) [211] . https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-degradation-of-components-of-a-hydrogen-oxygen-9ofm918h.png Table 3 Degradation of components of a hydrogen/oxygen polymer electrolyte fuel cell (H 2 /O 2 PEMFC). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-scheme-of-a-hydrogen-oxygen-polymer-electrolyte-jfebx47u.png Figure 10 (A) Scheme of a hydrogen/oxygen polymer electrolyte fuel cell (H 2 /O 2 PEMFC) stack and its components: polymer membrane, catalyst, microporous and gas diffusion layer (GDL). (B) The bipolar plates are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-main-topics-highlighted-in-this-review-3u2m0s1s.png Figure 1 Main topics highlighted in this review. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-polarization-and-power-density-curves-for-8-wt-38r9m4tg.png Figure 14 (A) Polarization and power density curves for 8 wt % Pt/C (0.8 mg cm -2 ) catalyst, synthesized via the carbonyl method, in an O 2 -breathing LFFC. A commercial 30 wt % Pd/C (2 mg cm -2 , E-TEK) catalyst was used as anode catalyst. (B) Polarization for 50 wt % Pt/C (5 mg cm -2 ) catalyst, synthesized via the carbonyl method, in an O 2 -breathing LFFC. A non-polished Pd foil (Alfa Aesar) and a commercial 30 wt % Pd/C (2 mg cm -2 , E-TEK) catalyst were used as anode catalysts. In both cases, 5 m HCOOH was used as fuel and 0.5 m H 2 SO 4 as electrolyte. The fl ow speed was 0.5 ml min -1 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-usual-components-of-hydrogen-oxygen-polymer-2g0ifcym.png Table 2 Usual components of hydrogen/oxygen polymer electrolyte fuel cell (H 2 /O 2 PEMFC), micro-direct methanol fuel cell ( μ DMFC) and a laminar fl ow fuel cell (LFFC). https://scispace.com/papers/tailoring-nist-security-controls-for-the-ground-system-19ymy5x3de 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-tailoring-process-wmwvlp7y.png Table 2 The Tailoring Process https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-6-step-nist-risk-management-framework-rmf-126cma60.png Table I The 6-step NIST Risk Management Framework (RMF) https://scispace.com/papers/tailoring-green-and-sintered-density-of-pure-iron-parts-3jve52xijs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-mct-measurements-ywfklb0u.png Table 2 Parameters of μCT measurements https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-green-densities-of-printed-samples-determined-via-2er0xv2c.png Table 3 Green densities of printed samples determined via μCT analysis emphasize the effects of powder compaction, layer thickness and liquid binder level on print quality. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-experimental-design-varies-three-variables-54si999f.png Table 1 The experimental design varies three variables: roller actuation, layer thickness and liquid binder level https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-average-surface-roughness-results-for-side-surfaces-2y0jas27.png Table 6 Average surface roughness results for side surfaces and top surfaces of sample A. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-values-of-0-2-offset-yield-strength-corresponding-wk5p2882.png Table 5 Values of 0.2% offset yield strength, corresponding Weibull moduli and Young’s moduli of the various samples, based on uniaxial compression testing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sintered-density-values-of-the-sample-with-the-121q7kwx.png Table 4 Sintered density values of the sample with the highest green density (sample A), under various sintering temperatures and durations. https://scispace.com/papers/tailoring-particle-shape-for-enhancing-the-homogeneity-of-23t47ey0wh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-impact-properties-of-enzyme-granules-to-the-bed-of-bp-1hz5s04d.png Fig. 13. Impact properties of enzyme granules to the bed of BP particles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-the-movement-pattern-of-selected-enzyme-granules-red-2munjjtp.png Fig. 14. The movement pattern of selected enzyme granules (red particles) before and after impacting the heap surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-heap-formation-using-a-original-epg-and-b-modified-ep-23xbg7bt.png Fig. 8. Heap formation using (a) original EPG and (b) modified EP granules, concentration map and the SI of EPG in the ternary mixture before and after particle shape modification (c) obtained from image processing of the heap surface and (d) spectra analysis of the extracted samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-clumped-sphere-images-of-one-of-the-seeded-ep-10l5awkd.png Fig. 10. Clumped sphere images of one of the seeded EP granules used in the DEM simulations (images presented from different angles). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-cross-sectional-view-of-epg-before-and-after-3mkfbz66.png Fig. 9. Cross sectional view of EPG before and after structural shape modification obtained by XRT analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-image-of-the-materials-extracted-from-different-13ry2aas.png Fig. 4. The image of the materials extracted from different sieve cut sizes of a generated granulated product. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-different-techniques-used-for-the-2d-and-3d-qzm4164a.png Fig. 3. Different techniques used for the 2D and 3D segregation evaluation of particles in a heap of laundry detergent powder mixture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-the-front-image-taken-from-the-simulated-heaps-for-1ig6cuya.png Fig. 11. (a) The front image taken from the simulated heaps for the simulation analysis of cases 1 and case 2. The green colour shows the BP and TAED particles and the black spot indicates the EPG before https://scispace.com/papers/tailoring-the-colloidal-stability-magnetic-separability-and-4sek8i1y1w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-hydrodynamic-diameter-as-a-function-of-3ir9lmys.png Figure 2: (a) Hydrodynamic diameter as a function of polymerization time for MNF-qPDMAEMA. (b) Zeta potential for bare MNF, MNF-PDMAEMA, MNF-qPDMAEMA(L) and MNF-qPDMAEMA-co-PEGMEMA. (c) Sedimentation of the differently functionalized nanoparticles monitored by UV/Vis spectroscopy for 2 hours. Incompletely sedimented samples were analysed for up to 24 hours. (d) Corresponding photographs of nanoparticle dispersions (initial MNF concentration: 0.25 mg/mL, in PBS) over a period of 48 hours. (i) MNF (bare), (ii) MNF-qPDMAEMA(S), (iii) MNF-qPDMAEMA(M), (iv) MNF-qPDMAEMA(L), (v) MNF-qPDMAEMA-coPEGMEMA. (e) Transmission electron micrograph of MNF-qPDMAEMA(L) isolated from suspension. (f) Magnetic separability in milliQ water and PBS as a function of magnetic separation time. Residual MNF concentrations determined by ICP-OES. Error bars show standard deviations (N=3, three independent experiments). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-optical-micrographs-illustrating-red-blood-cell-3vsa8o4b.png Figure 4: (a) Optical micrographs illustrating red blood cell agglutination for MNF-qPDMAEMA(L) (left). Scale bar: 100 µm. The agglutination effect is less pronounced for MNF-qPDMAEMA-co-PEGMEMA (right) with no observed agglutination for concentrations ≤ 250 µg/mL. (b) Lactate dehydrogenase release from human monocytes (THP-1) exposed to MNF-qPDMAEMA(L) and its co-polymers with PEGMEMA and PMMA for 24 hours. Values are expressed relative to the positive control (PC, Triton X-100, full cell lysis). (c) MNF degradability measured in acidic citrate buffer (pH 3), artificial lysosomal buffer (pH 4.5) and PBS over time. PC indicates fully chemical digestion of the MNF samples. Error bars indicate standard deviations (N=3, three independent experiments). https://scispace.com/papers/tailormade-polysaccharides-with-defined-branching-patterns-dui3ob1e50 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-oligosaccharide-monomers-for-the-synthesis-of-3t5prlqu.png Figure 2. Oligosaccharide monomers for the synthesis of arabinoxylan polysaccharides. 1–3 and 6 and 7 were produced by chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis, respectively. 4 and 5 were commercially available. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-influence-of-the-arabinose-substitution-patterns-r76i03u4.png Figure 3. a) Influence of the arabinose substitution patterns of the synthetic polysaccharides on crystallinity as determined by X-ray diffraction. rye AX= rye arabinoxylan. b) Adsorbed amounts (gm@2 ; including immobilized water) of 30b, 31, 32b, and partly digested rye arabinoxylan (MP=5.5 kDa) on spin-coated model cellulose surfaces, as determined by QCM-D. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-a-a-natural-xylan-with-3rsyopza.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of a) a natural xylan with random branching pattern and b) artificial arabinoxylans with defined branching patterns. https://scispace.com/papers/take-five-how-sports-illustrated-and-l-equipe-redefine-the-c9mtj4rxkj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-deployment-of-multimedia-elements-28rqk9mv.png TABLE 8 Deployment of multimedia elements https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sports-agenda-at-sports-illustrated-longform-and-3b0cteb4.png TABLE 1 Sports agenda at Sports Illustrated Longform and L’Équipe Explore https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gender-of-protagonists-at-sports-illustrated-mydnhvq7.png TABLE 2 Gender of protagonists at Sports Illustrated Longform and L’Équipe Explore https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-number-and-percentage-of-pieces-where-videos-were-1nfxy4ob.png TABLE 6 Number and percentage of pieces where videos were included https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-length-of-the-videos-published-at-si-longform-and-2gibbyw5.png TABLE 7 Length of the videos published at SI Longform and L’Équipe Explore https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-number-of-lfsj-articles-that-include-hyperlinks-oa788tcw.png TABLE 9 Number of LFSJ articles that include hyperlinks https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-types-of-sources-quoted-in-the-websites-3mb4vx5a.png TABLE 4 Types of sources quoted in the websites https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-nationality-of-protagonists-at-sports-illustrated-33vna3v3.png TABLE 3 Nationality of protagonists at Sports Illustrated Longform and L’Équipe Explore https://scispace.com/papers/takayasu-arteritis-an-update-1br2rse71t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-red-flags-to-investigate-takayasu-arteritis-in-a-3q4g6cye.png Table 1. Red flags to investigate Takayasu arteritis in a young patient with otherwise unexplained systemic inflammation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-definition-of-refractory-disease-in-takayasu-1b65audy.png Table 2. Definition of refractory disease in Takayasu arteritis as suggested by the Turkish Takayasu arteritis study group. https://scispace.com/papers/taking-drones-to-the-next-level-cooperative-distributed-3dy2aqxk0m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-an-overview-of-protocol-architectures-for-fanet-2inxqxdv.png TABLE I AN OVERVIEW OF PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURES FOR FANET https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-gateway-selection-algorithms-based-on-manets-16c0ur9f.png TABLE II GATEWAY SELECTION ALGORITHMS BASED ON MANETS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-architecture-of-a-multi-uav-network-relying-on-a-1kxz2k0h.png Fig. 3. The Architecture of a Multi-UAV Network Relying on a Cloud Control System. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-multi-uav-network-architecture-and-necessary-uav-2jorw1jg.png Fig. 1. Multi-UAV network architecture and necessary UAV internal units. Specifically, both the small and mini drones should be equipped with sensor units, control and management units, and communication units in order to fulfil certain tasks. Except for some essential sensors, such as the gyroscope, GPS, radar, etc. the drones carry specific sensors, depending on their particular missions. Moreover, the control and management units are responsible for the stable operation and the collaboration of each part. The communication units are composed of multiple modules configured by various protocols, such as IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15, LTE, etc. in order to support different communication scenarios. [5]. https://scispace.com/papers/taking-a-view-corporate-speculation-governance-and-11klc0cdwj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-internal-controls-of-firms-that-frequently-1ryuxhjr.png Table VII Internal Controls of Firms that Frequently, Sometimes, or Never Speculate https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-financial-characteristics-of-speculators-and-non-9wazndw8.png Table II Financial Characteristics of Speculators and Non-Speculators https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-activities-of-speculators-and-non-speculators-2xrglrqh.png Table III Activities of Speculators and Non-Speculators https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-governance-of-speculators-and-non-speculators-3jchewqv.png Table VI Governance of Speculators and Non-Speculators https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-equity-based-compensation-of-speculators-and-non-1weqaloc.png Table IV Equity-based compensation of Speculators and Non-Speculators https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-compensation-of-speculators-and-non-speculators-4j65qxm8.png Table V Compensation of Speculators and Non-Speculators https://scispace.com/papers/taking-a-closer-look-at-domain-shift-category-level-4zopd1mocd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-contrastive-analysis-of-clan-and-traditional-2wi7a4ag.png Figure 3. A contrastive analysis of CLAN and traditional adversarial network (TAN). (a): A target image, and we focus on the poles and traffic signs in orange boxes. (b): A non-adapted segmentation result. Although the global segmentation result is poor, the poles and traffic signs can be correctly segmented. It indicates that some classes are originally aligned between domains, even without any domain adaptation. (c): Adapted result of TAN, in which a decent segmentation map is produced but poles and traffic signs are poorly segmented. The reason is that the global alignment strategy tends to assign a conservative prediction to a feature and would lead some features to be predicted to other prevalent classes [11, 18], thus causing those infrequent features being negatively transferred. (d): Adapted result from CLAN. CLAN reduces the weight of adversarial loss for those aligned features. As a result, the original well-segmented class are well preserved. We then map the high-dimensional features of (b), (c) and (d) to a 2-D space with t-SNE [29] shown in (e), (f) and (g). The comparison of feature distributions further proves that CLAN can enforce category-level alignment during the trend of global alignment. (For a clear illustration, we only show 4 related classes, i.e., building in blue, traffic sign in orange, pole in red and vegetation in green.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-best-viewed-in-color-illustration-of-traditional-2dby5mgc.png Figure 1. (Best viewed in color.) Illustration of traditional and the proposed adversarial learning. The size of the solid gray arrow represents the weight of the adversarial loss. (a) Traditional adversarial learning ignores the semantic consistency when pursuing the marginal distribution alignment. As a result, the global movement might cause the well-aligned features (class A) to be mapped onto different joint distributions (negative transfer). (b) The proposed self-adaptive adversarial learning reweights the adversarial loss for each feature by a local alignment score. Our method reduces the influence of the adversaries when discovers a high semantic alignment score on a feature, and vice versa. As is shown, the proposed strategy encourages a category-level joint distribution alignment for both class A and class B. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-adaptation-from-gta5-31-to-cityscapes-8-we-present-44yrf3px.png Table 1. Adaptation from GTA5 [31] to Cityscapes [8]. We present per-class IoU and mean IoU. “V” and “R” represent the VGG16-FCN8s and ResNet101 backbones, respectively. “ST” and “AT” represent two lines of method, i.e., self training- and adversarial learning-based DA. We highlight the best result in each column in bold. To clearly showcase the effect of CLAN on infrequent classes, we highlight these classes in blue. Gain indicates the mIoU improvement over using the source only. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-adaptation-from-synthia-32-to-cityscapes-8-we-g3a361l4.png Table 2. Adaptation from SYNTHIA [32] to Cityscapes [8]. We present per-class IoU and mean IoU for evaluation. CLAN and state-of-theart domain adaptation methods are compared. For each backbone, the best accuracy is highlighted in bold. To clearly showcase the effect of CLAN on infrequent classes, we highlight these classes in blue. Gain indicates the mIoU improvement over using the source only. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-cluster-center-distance-variation-as-training-1w4gpz0o.png Figure 4. Left: Cluster center distance variation as training goes on. Right: Mean IoU (see bars & left y axis) and convergence performance (see lines & right y axis) variation when training with different λlocal and ǫ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-qualitative-results-of-uda-segmentation-for-gta5-1ojbedmv.png Figure 5. Qualitative results of UDA segmentation for GTA5→ Cityscapes. For each target image, we show the non-adapted (source only) result, adapted result with CLAN and the ground truth label map, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-quantitative-analysis-of-the-feature-joint-2gr9grgx.png Figure 6. Quantitative analysis of the feature joint distributions. For each class, we show the distance of the feature cluster centers between source domain and target domain. These results are from 1) the model pre-trained on ImageNet [9] without any fine-tuning, 2) the model fine-tuned with source images only, 3) the adapted model using TAN and 4) the adapted model using CLAN, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-the-proposed-category-level-adversarial-74ncugp3.png Figure 2. Overview of the proposed category-level adversarial network. It consists of a feature extractor E, two classifiers C1 and C2, and a discriminatorD. C1 and C2 are fed with the deep feature map extracted from E and predict semantic labels for each pixel from diverse views. In source flow, the sum of the two prediction maps is used to calculate a segmentation loss as well as an adversarial loss from D. In target flow, the sum of the two prediction maps is forwarded to D to produce a raw adversarial loss map. Additionally, we adopt the discrepancy of the two prediction maps to produce a local alignment score map. This map evaluates the category-level alignment degree of each feature and is used to adaptively weight the raw adversarial loss map. https://scispace.com/papers/taking-care-of-youth-mentoring-relationships-red-flags-5e0lph6cp4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-contexts-of-the-mentoring-relationship-method-a-1un9ownu.png Figure 1. Contexts of the mentoring relationship. Method A socio-ecological perspective forms the conceptual framework for our study and the research methods were informed by an interpretivist world view (Crotty, 1998). The goal of interpretive social science is to develop an understanding of the complexity of the lived experience from the perspective of those living it. With interpretive inquiry the researcher https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-characteristics-of-the-four-mentoring-programs-3qqtum8j.png Figure 2. Characteristics of the four mentoring programs investigated in this study. In Program A, a community-based program, the focus of the mentoring relationship began with the young person’s interests and concerns and developed as a relationship that offered support and role modelling. Mentors were encouraged to form a trusting friendshiplike relationship with the young person, which necessitated a personal relationship between mentor and mentee. Activities took place in a variety of open community settings such as parks, shopping centres, leisure centres or coffee shops. Mentors were expected to commit to a relationship with the mentee of at least twelve months. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-the-participants-across-the-programs-3qt0ro5b.png Table 1 Distribution of the participants across the programs https://scispace.com/papers/taking-fingerprints-of-dna-polymerases-multiplex-enzyme-rpbwfjfrtc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evaluation-of-mutants-with-altered-properties-3ga8yumy.png Figure 3. Evaluation of mutants with altered properties identified by OAEA. a) Processing of various DNA substrates in solution by evolved KlenTaq mutants (m1–m3) in comparison to the wild-type enzyme. All reactions were performed with identical reaction buffer and dNTP concentrations (100 mm each). Enzyme concentrations and incubation times: for matched, terminal, and distal mismatched: 1 nm, 15 min; for triple mismatched and abasic site template: 50 nm, 60 min. In the latter two cases higher enzyme concentrations and prolonged incubation times were required to promote extension of the more aberrant DNA complexes. For more experimental details see the Supporting Information. M: marker, reaction without enzyme. b) Mutations in the evolved KlenTaq DNA polymerases m1 (red), m2 (green), and m3 (blue) are mapped on a ribbon representation of KlenTaq (PDB code: 1QSS).[16] The inset highlights the H helix with the observed mutation sites from m1–m3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-oaea-evaluation-a-ten-randomly-chosen-non-active-3rzqv9cn.png Figure 2. OAEA evaluation. a) Ten randomly chosen non-active mutants (1–10) and ten randomly chosen active mutants (a–j). A complete depiction of the data can be found in the Supporting Information. b) Denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of primer extensions performed in solution by the mutants depicted in (a). M: marker, reaction without cell lysate. c,d) OAEA results derived from cell lysates expressing the KlenTaq wild-type (wt) gene and a negative control (n.c.) from cell lysates harboring a plasmid without the KlenTaq gene. d) Fluorescence intensity profiles (F.I.) along the red arrows as indicated in (c). For experimental details see the Supporting Information. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-principle-of-oligonucleotide-addressing-enzyme-24ztgg1r.png Figure 1. Principle of oligonucleotide-addressing enzyme assay (OAEA). a) Short colored strips represent immobilized primer strands; long colored strips represent templates, which are selectively addressed by hybridization with the complementary immobilized primer strands. Green stars represent streptavidin–Alexafluor546 conjugates which bind to incorporated biotin on the extended primer strands. b) Partial sequences used in this study. https://scispace.com/papers/taking-healthcare-interventions-from-trial-to-practice-54etrictoc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-methods-to-develop-a-physical-therapy-1ra664p6.png Fig 2 | Illustration of methods to develop a physical therapy treatment schedule5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distortion-or-loss-of-information-about-the-true-3ja6v7yi.png Fig 1 | Distortion or loss of information about the true intervention can occur at each of four stages and the intervention may not reach practice without good reporting and trial fidelity (shaded boxes) https://scispace.com/papers/taking-the-bite-out-of-automated-naming-of-characters-in-tv-1qt0q7wkio 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-face-tracking-by-point-tracking-a-8-frames-from-a-1urf9n8b.png Fig. 2. Face tracking by point tracking. (a) 8 frames from a sequence of 63 frames where the camera first moves left (frames 0-30) and then stays still (frames 31-62). Corresponding frame numbers are shown below each frame. Note the changing facial expression of the actor on the left (frames 31-62) and the changing head pose of the actoron the right (around frame 31). (b) Trajectories of points tracked on the actors’ faces shown as curves in the video volume between the first and last frame. Additional tracks which do not intersect the faces are omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-quantitative-precision-results-at-different-levels-2dmm30xg.png Table 1 Quantitative precision results at different levels of recall. The baseline methods do not provide a means for ranking, so only the overall accuracy is reported. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-examples-of-speaker-ambiguity-in-all-the-cases-shown-tr71kw2g.png Fig. 6. Examples of speaker ambiguity. In all the cases shown the aligned script proposes a single name, shown above the face detections. (a) Two faces are detecte but only one person is speaking. (b) A single face is detected but the speaker is actually missed by the frontal face detector. (c) A “reaction shot” – the speaker is not visible inthe frame. The (correct) output of the speaker detection algorithm is shown below each face detection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-examples-of-correct-detection-and-naming-throughout-3pec41yv.png Fig. 12. Examples of correct detection and naming throughout episode 05-02. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-alignment-of-the-subtitles-left-and-script-right-the-2f2nwqkl.png Fig. 1. Alignment of the subtitles (left) and script (right). The subtitles containspoken lines and exact timing information but no identity. The script contains spoken lines ad peaker identity but no timing information. Alignment of the spoken text allows subtitles to be tagged with speaker identity. Note that single script lines may be split across subtitles, and lines spoken by several characters merged into a single subtitle. The transcribed text also differs considerably – note the example shown in italics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-matching-characters-across-shots-using-clothing-3dz4do8i.png Fig. 5. Matching characters across shots using clothing appearance. In the two examples shown the face is difficult to match because of the variation in pose, facial expression and motion blur. The strongly coloured clothing allows correct matches to be established in these cases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-face-appearance-descriptors-for-the-two-faces-shown-2axn0irb.png Fig. 4. Face appearance descriptors. For the two faces shown, ellipses show the affine-transformed regions around the localized facial features from which the descriptor is computed. Patches on the right show the extracted image regions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-effect-of-errors-in-the-exemplar-labels-and-the-svm-10c6wqpw.png Fig. 13. Effect of errors in the exemplar labels and the SVM method. “NN-Auto” is the originally proposed nearest neighbour method with automatically labelled exemplars; “NN– Manual” uses the same method with manually labelled exemplars; “SVM” is the SVM method trained with automatically labelled exemplars. https://scispace.com/papers/taking-the-utilitarian-basis-for-patent-law-seriously-the-1zw0wpaeum 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-1b-2b-and-3b-correspond-to-figures-1a-2a-and-3a-zjvm41yx.png Figures 1b, 2b, and 3b correspond to Figures 1a, 2a, and 3a, https://scispace.com/papers/taking-the-pulse-of-earth-s-tropical-forests-using-networks-84reb97r1h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-growth-of-pan-tropical-forest-monitoring-since-the-mid-3txwujt6.png Fig. 2. Growth of pan-tropical forest monitoring since the mid-twentieth-century. Top: Plot-censuses curated at ForestPlots.net by date of census. Bottom: Cumulative number of contributors to ForestPlots.net by date of first recorded fieldwork. Growth was slow following the first census in 1939, only reaching 100 censuses by 1969. For early censuses, records of field team personnel and leaders are often sparse or absent. Note that ‘contributors’ are defined inclusively to reflect members of indigenous communities, protected area guards, parataxonomists, students, and technicians, as well as principal investigators, botanists, and other specialists. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-current-extent-of-forestplots-net-top-pantropical-plot-1774ns1e.png Fig. 1. Current extent of ForestPlots.net. Top: Pantropical plot sampling density per 2.5 degree square with the 4062 multiple- and single-inventory plots hosted at ForestPlots.net. These plots contribute to 24 networks including RAINFOR, AfriTRON, T-FORCES, ATDN, BIOTA, COL-TREE, FATE, GEM, Nordeste, PELD, PPBio, RAS, RBA and SEOSAW. Forest cover based on the Global Land Cover 2000 database (JRC, 2003) with tree cover categories: broad-leaved evergreen; mixed leaf type; and regularly flooded. Our plots also extend into neotropical and African savannas; Bottom: The same plot sampling but displayed at higher-resolution (1-degree grid cells) for each focal continent, South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia and Australia. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pantropical-forest-carbon-storage-is-independent-of-4dydozeu.png Fig. 5. Pantropical forest carbon storage is independent of species richness. There are no clear within-continent or pantropical relationships between carbon stocks and tree species richness per hectare in structurally intact oldgrowth tropical forests. Figure adapted from Sullivan et al. (2017). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-networks-contributing-to-forestplots-net-we-report-1q788d6c.png Table 1 Networks contributing to ForestPlots.net. We report the 24 international, national, and regional plot networks contributing to and supported by ForestPlots.net in 2020, in order of date of affiliation. Note that some plots contribute to more than one network, in some cases the plots managed at ForestPlots.net are fewer than the total number of plots of the network, while others are not ‘networked’ but managed by individual researchers. Hence, cross-network totals do not correspond precisely to the number of plots managed. We include 20 tropical networks with multi-census plots plus four large-scale floristic-focussed scientific networks (ATDN, CAO, sANDES, RedGentry) that work exclusively with single-census data. All numbers compiled September 2020. As an open collaborative project ForestPlots.net welcomes all contributors with carefullymanaged plots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-tropical-continental-macroecology-remarkable-1lp521tu.png Fig. 6. Tropical continental macroecology. Remarkable continental differences in species richness, stem density and carbon stocks emerge among lowland tropical moist forests when densely sampled plot networks are combined. Graphics depict probability densities such that the whole area for each continent sums to 1. Note that the y-axis scale for each variable thus varies depending on the range of the x-axis: for continents with larger variation in x, the probability density at any point along the y axis is correspondingly smaller. Analysis adapted from Sullivan et al. (2017, 2020). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-network-coverage-of-geographical-and-climate-space-3enlfssc.png Fig. 4. Network coverage of geographical and climate space. Analyses include >1500 permanent plots managed at ForestPlots.net. (a) Top panels: (1) Geographic distance between multicensus plots across the humid tropical forest biome; and (2) Minimum climate dissimilarity (Euclidean distance on variables scaled by their standard deviation, accounting for mean annual temperature, temperature seasonality, mean annual precipitation and precipitation seasonality), where for each cell environmental distance represents how dissimilar a location is to the most climatically similar plot in the network. Note that some poorly sampled areas are mostly deforested, such as Central America, Madagascar, and much of tropical South and Southeast Asia. The baseline map depicts WWF terrestrial ecoregions (Olson et al., 2001). (b) Middle panel: Tropical plots displayed in global biome space (Whittaker diagram), showing the main concentration of plots from lowland wet through to moist forests and savanna, with some samples in cooler montane climates. (c) Lower panels: Plots displayed within tropical humid and sub-humid climate space, with plots displayed colour-coded by continent (see Fig. 2) and symbol size corresponding to total census effort. Note the important differences in baseline climatic conditions between continents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-growth-of-forestplots-net-and-its-contributing-gk9afudv.png Fig. 3. Growth of ForestPlots.net and its contributing networks since 2000. Top: Cumulative upload of unique plot censuses to ForestPlots.net by date of upload (pre-2009 uploads to pre-internet versions allocated evenly back to network beginnings); Bottom: Cumulative peer-reviewed scientific articles based on network plots, excluding research based on single-plot studies. https://scispace.com/papers/talbot-effect-for-exciton-polaritons-9neqm4vdfw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematics-of-a-an-elliptical-optical-pump-2pq3iotu.png FIG. 1. Schematics of (a) an elliptical optical pump illuminating a 1D array of mesa traps in a microcavity and (b) the polariton flows (arrows) responsible for the Talbot effect in panel (d). Real space images of the exciton-polariton emission (c) at low excitation power, below the condensation threshold and (d) at high excitation power, above the condensation threshold. The Talbot effect is visible in panel (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-experimental-spatial-distribution-of-the-polariton-sk7x7jy9.png FIG. 3. (a) Experimental spatial distribution of the polariton emission intensity corresponding to the Bloch mode and the Talbot pattern [energy filtered at theG3 position in Fig. 2(b)]. (b), (c) Talbot pattern calculated (b) numerically using the full nonlinear 2D mean-field model and (c) theoretically using the Huygens-Fresnel superposition. The “þ” and “−” signs in panel (c) indicate the relative π phase difference between the adjacent sources of the polariton flow located between the mesas (black circles), and L marks the Talbot length. (d) Comparison between jϕBðxÞj2 calculated using Eq. (1) (solid line) and the experimental real-space profile (circles) taken along the line y ¼ 0 in panel (a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-b-dispersion-measurement-of-the-polariton-emission-13dayh67.png FIG. 2. (a),(b) Dispersion measurement of the polariton emission from the mesa traps (a) below and (b) above the condensation threshold. Both localized and extended energy states are seen in panel (a). Condensation in two gap states in the first (G1) and the third (G3) spectral gaps are visible in panel (b). The dashed yellow lines correspond to kB=2 and mark the first Brillouin zone of the array. The solid lines in panel (a) show the first four extended Bloch bands calculated from Eq. (1). (c),(d) Energy filtered reciprocal space image of the condensate emission from the G3 state (c) measured in the experiment, and (d) calculated theoretically from the field distribution fTðrÞ (see text). https://scispace.com/papers/talent-in-hospitality-entrepreneurship-a-conceptualization-14ycrn6syz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-model-of-the-talented-hospitality-95wqra2q.png Figure 1: Conceptual model of the talented hospitality entrepreneur https://scispace.com/papers/talk-matters-at-work-the-effects-of-leader-member-1gn83usc6x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-summary-3a6dainu.png Table 4. Results Summary. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-standard-deviations-and-correlations-k7gapvmd.png Table 1. Means, Standard Deviations, and Correlations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-post-hoc-probing-of-the-moderating-effects-of-kfg6xod4.png Table 3. Post Hoc Probing of the Moderating Effects of Communication Frequency on the Association between LMCQ and Role Conflict. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-moderating-effect-of-communication-frequency-on-tg3yinjx.png Figure 2. The moderating effect of communication frequency on the association between leader-member conversational quality and role conflict. The range of leader-member conversational quality is based on mean-centered values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hierarchical-regression-analyses-22em4p1y.png Table 2. Hierarchical Regression Analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-conceptual-diagram-of-the-hypothesized-moderating-33cdpr5g.png Figure 1. A conceptual diagram of the hypothesized moderating effect of communication frequency on the association between leader-member conversational quality (LMCQ) and role stressors. https://scispace.com/papers/talking-and-thinking-together-at-key-stage-1-3zmu06tzyp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-key-word-in-context-kwic-analysis-for-three-control-12qtco9o.png Table 2: Key Word in Context (KWIC) analysis for three control groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-word-in-context-kwic-analysis-for-the-six-target-nxz3nn8x.png Table 1: Key Word in Context (KWIC) analysis for the six target groups. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-of-a-ravens-reasoning-test-puzzle-1d9vmjtl.png Figure 1: An example of a Raven’s Reasoning Test Puzzle https://scispace.com/papers/talking-to-producers-of-easy-read-health-information-for-2i05nva3pb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participants-224iqogm.png Table 1 Participants https://scispace.com/papers/taming-macromolecules-with-light-lessons-learned-from-pksy8xnfhu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-stepwise-structural-changes-related-to-the-15rjwk45.png Figure 2. a) Stepwise structural changes related to the folding (photoinduced by the trans-tocis reaction of the azobenzene photoswitch (left), depicted in orange), and the unfolding (photoinduced by the cis-to-trans reaction (right)) of a β-hairpin peptide, and the corresponding timescales determined by transient pump-probe spectroscopy. The orange springs represent the strain imposed on the flexible linkers by the (fast) photoisomerization reactions, leading to the (slower) peptide folding/unfolding and H-bond formation/breakage in the sequences shown. Reprinted with permission from Schrader et al.[50] Copyright 2011. American Chemical Society. b) Scheme of structural rearrangements occurring upon trans-to-cis photoisomerization in the backbone of a helical foldamer, leading to unfolding of the helical structure in acetonitrile at two distinct time scales. Reprinted with permission from Steinwand et al.[51] Copyright 2016. American Chemical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-schematic-representation-of-photoinduced-28tum1ce.png Figure 7: a) Schematic representation of photoinduced chirality in an achiral nematic liquid crystalline azopolymer by illumination with circularly polarized light. Chiroptical switching was realized by changing the handedness of the circularly polarized light. b) VCD spectra upon illumination of right-handed (black) and left-handed (grey) circularly polarized light (top panel) and normal IR absorbance spectrum (bottom panel) of the liquid crystalline azobenzene polymer shown. Adapted with permission from Tejedor et al.[99] Copyright 2007. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-molecular-structures-of-pdr1a-and-of-an-azobenzene-1asoh3ce.png Figure 9: Molecular structures of pDR1a and of an azobenzene-containing molecular glass (gDR1) showing the azobenzene (red), spacer (gray) and backbone (blue) moieties. b) Determination of the effective temperature by comparing the band shift measured under cyclic illumination (120 s lights on, 120 s lights off; green data) at constant temperature to the band shifts as a function of temperature without irradiation (red data). A large increase of effective temperature was found for the azo bands (illustrated here for the symmetric NO2 stretching vibration of gDR1) while no increase was found for the backbone bands. Adapted with permission from Vapaavuori et al.[143] Copyright 2015. American Chemical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-photo-orientation-of-an-azobenzene-containing-185xlnka.png Figure 4. Photo-orientation of an azobenzene-containing polymer by linearly polarized light and erasure of the induced orientation by circularly polarized light. Used with permission of François Lagugné-Labarthet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-chemical-structures-of-an-amphiphilic-azo-2pz4q63n.png Figure 6. Chemical structures of an amphiphilic azo-containing copolymer and the 5CB liquid crystal (top). IR absorbance of selected bands as a function of time upon trans-to-cis isomerization (366 nm light, bottom left panel) and cis-to-trans isomerization (436 nm light, bottom right panel) of a stack of 49 Langmuir-Blodgett layers of the polymer and 5CB in equimolar proportion relative to the azo-containing repeat unit. Reproduced with permission from Ubukata et al.[86] Copyright 2001. American Chemical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-orientation-function-under-photo-orientation-for-2mabo7tk.png Figure 5. Orientation function under photo-orientation for photoactive DR1M and photopassive BEM moieties in a poly(DR1M-co-BEM) random copolymer (chemical structure shown) with a DR1M mole fraction of 0.52. Illumination began at 0 min and ceased at 60 min. Adapted with permission from Natansohn et al.[77] Copyright 1998. American Chemical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-photoinduced-swelling-and-degree-of-azobenzene-2e04chw3.png Figure 3. Photoinduced swelling and degree of azobenzene isomerization under 365 nm illumination as a function of cross-linking density in vesicles formed by the thermo- and photoresponsive diblock copolymer shown (before cross-linking). Reproduced with permission from Shen et al.[55] Copyright 2012. Royal Society of Chemistry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-afm-micrographs-of-a-sinusoidal-b-egg-shell-and-c-2o3ws2we.png Figure 8: AFM micrographs of a) sinusoidal, b) egg-shell, and c) spiral photoinduced patterns. The distribution of the electrical field vector relative to the position of the maxima and minima of the sinusoidal SRGs prepared using d) ± 45° and e) sp interference patterns. Panels a and b reproduced with permission from Goldenberg et al.[103] Copyright 2009. Royal Society of Chemistry. Panel c reproduced with permission from Ambrosio et al.[102] Copyright 2012. Nature Publishing Group. Panels d and e reproduced with permission from Di Florio et al.[113] Copyright 2014. Royal Society of Chemistry. https://scispace.com/papers/taming-wicked-problems-the-role-of-framing-in-the-59tfnkodmd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-model-of-corporate-responsibilization-for-wicked-3q6that2.png Figure 1: A model of corporate responsibilization for wicked problems https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-frame-shifts-core-mechanisms-and-2f8hx0f0.png Table 2: Overview of frame shifts, core mechanisms and illustrative data https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-timeline-of-selected-events-2z7vjiuf.png Table 1: Timeline of selected events https://scispace.com/papers/tandem-long-distance-chain-walking-cyclization-via-ruh2-co-zthxit4zpp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chain-walking-olefin-isomerization-3mdqe5ev.png Table 2. Chain-walking olefin isomerization https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-scope-of-the-oxygenated-nucleophile-1mzhy3mf.png Table 4. Scope of the oxygenated nucleophile https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-variations-in-alkene-bearing-chain-2u7mz152.png Table 3. Variations in alkene-bearing chain https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimization-of-catalysts-and-protecting-group-tbbma4m4.png Table 1. Optimization of catalysts and protecting group https://scispace.com/papers/tandem-and-segmental-gene-duplication-and-recombination-in-1yq2qs36pu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-the-mechanisms-that-contribute-to-diversity-of-r-23dom4aj.png Figure I. The mechanisms that contribute to diversity of R genes and their loci. (a) Intragenic (equal) crossing over leads to domain swaps in the protein. (b) Unequal crossover changes the number of genes in a cluster. (c) Sequence homogenization (concerted evolution), a multi-step process (indicated by the broken arrow), results from the repeated action of (a) and (b). (d) Tandem duplication in which the copy is contiguous to the original copy. (e) Segmental duplication involves the duplication of entire chromosomal regions. (f) Ectopic duplication transfers individual or small sets of genes to unlinked sites. (g) Positive selection for linkage of genes participating in the same defence pathway. This should result in the linkage of different types of R genes and can be interpreted as the result of ectopic duplication (f) followed by gene loss at the original locus (not shown; see i). (h) Diversifying selection, also a multi-step process (indicated by the broken arrow), which increases the genetic diversity and antagonizes concerted evolution (c). (i) Gene loss because of negative selection in the absence of pathogens as a result of a reduced fitness associated with the expression of R proteins. https://scispace.com/papers/tandem-x-a-satellite-formation-for-high-resolution-sar-z54xhync6a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-dted-2-and-hrti-3-dem-specifications-21pu17bl.png TABLE I COMPARISON OF DTED-2 AND HRTI-3 DEM SPECIFICATIONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-left-x-band-phase-noise-spectrum-sph-f-versus-277y85rv.png Fig. 5. (Left) X-band phase noise spectrum Sϕ(f) versus frequency offset from the carrier. (Right) Remaining phase error contributions Einterpol(f), Ealias(f), and ESNR(f) after periodic synchronization with fsyn = 20 Hz for an SNR of 35 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-coherence-loss-from-volume-decorrelation-for-an-1vfthhq9.png Fig. 12. Coherence loss from volume decorrelation for an extinction of 1.0 dB/m. The volume heights are (solid) 5, (dashed-dotted) 10, (dashed) 20, and (dotted) 40 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-impact-of-slopes-and-volume-scattering-on-the-8f5xt1hn.png Fig. 18. Impact of slopes and volume scattering on the relative height errors. (Left) Height accuracy for a local slope of 20% (dotted) facing toward and (solid) away from the radar. (Right) Height accuracy for volume heights of (solid) 5, (dashed) 10, and (dotted) 20 m. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-height-errors-for-1-mm-baseline-estimation-19v82hgn.png TABLE III HEIGHT ERRORS FOR 1-mm BASELINE ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-examples-of-data-acquisition-modes-for-tandem-x-left-1aryfoza.png Fig. 1. Examples of data acquisition modes for TanDEM-X. (Left) Pursuit monostatic mode, (middle) bistatic mode, and (right) alternating bistatic mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-standard-deviation-of-the-synchronization-link-phase-f21zbqtv.png Fig. 6. Standard deviation of the synchronization link phase error contributions as a function of the synchronization frequency. The SNR and the azimuth integration time are 35 dB and 0.5 s, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-range-and-azimuth-ambiguities-in-bistatic-stripmap-2xpw27bi.png Fig. 11. Range and azimuth ambiguities in bistatic stripmap mode. https://scispace.com/papers/tandem-prioritizing-wireless-communication-for-robust-u4csysk44y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulation-topology-27ndznbu.png Fig. 4. Simulation topology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-prioritization-effects-on-40mx-100m-factory-floor-g-3-3oce30e9.png Fig. 5. Prioritization effects on 40m× 100m factory floor. (γ = 3.0) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-error-over-time-for-100mx-40m-workshop-2j56gnst.png Fig. 6. Average error over time for 100m× 40m workshop. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-real-world-measurements-3i5m30aj.png Fig. 8. Real-world measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-broadcast-acknowledgment-mechanism-xest7fq1.png Fig. 7. Broadcast acknowledgment mechanism. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-state-machine-used-for-re-transmissions-1nyle75u.png Fig. 1. State machine used for re-transmissions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-toplogy-management-and-next-hop-calculation-1n5ewhaa.png Fig. 2. Toplogy management and next-hop calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-hardware-components-24hj0anw.png TABLE I HARDWARE COMPONENTS https://scispace.com/papers/tandem-x-dsm-uncertainty-measures-and-demonstrations-55e700l8t9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tandem-x-absolute-error-dependency-with-topographical-3tygby6c.png Fig. 4. TanDEM-X absolute error dependency with topographical angles. A LiDAR model is taken as reference for the computation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tandem-x-moderate-terrain-exemplary-surface-model-and-32c0jpkc.png Fig. 3. TanDEM-X moderate terrain exemplary surface model and uncertainty measure, ascending geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tandem-x-smooth-terrain-exemplary-surface-model-and-1067bvkz.png Fig. 1. TanDEM-X smooth terrain exemplary surface model and uncertainty measure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tandem-x-complex-terrain-exemplary-surface-model-and-eqdibj6p.png Fig. 2. TanDEM-X complex terrain exemplary surface model and uncertainty measure, descending geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tandem-x-digital-surface-model-of-the-city-of-berlin-s17op32a.png Fig. 5. TanDEM-X digital surface model of the city of Berlin (Germany) generated with high-resolution spotlight data. In the bottom, a zoom over reference buildings shows the different accuracy retrievable for various elevation models. https://scispace.com/papers/tandem-x-mission-status-the-complete-new-topography-of-the-4fkny4kbsb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tandem-x-dem-relative-height-accuracy-in-confidence-16hhsgmp.png Fig. 4. TanDEM-X DEM relative height accuracy in % confidence level per 1° by 1° DEM tile, considering an accuracy specification of 2 m for flat (slopes up to 20%) and 4 m for steep (slopes higher than 20%) terrain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tandem-x-dem-absolute-height-accuracy-90-linear-error-1lk4mojg.png Fig. 3. TanDEM-X DEM absolute height accuracy (90% linear error) per 1° by 1° DEM tile; the cumulated absolute height error is with 1.3 m one order of magnitude below the 10-m requirement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-shaded-relief-of-the-tandem-x-dem-of-a-desert-area-in-25c5e0u3.png Fig. 2. Shaded relief of the TanDEM-X DEM of a desert area in central Iran showing a nice heart-shaped feature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-global-dem-height-accuracy-requirements-34894gn3.png Table 1. Global DEM Height Accuracy Requirements https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-between-srtm-1-arcsec-dem-left-and-tandem-x-3ih2yba1.png Fig. 1. Comparison between SRTM 1-arcsec DEM (left) and TanDEM-X DEM (right) of an abandoned mining area in Brandenburg, East Germany. https://scispace.com/papers/tangency-capacity-notions-based-upon-the-profit-and-cost-8j3amup2xm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-capacity-efficiency-measure-for-run-of-river-and-2vvkkpup.png Figure 1: Capacity efficiency measure for run-of-river and reservoir plants https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-short-run-dashed-line-and-long-run-25bws8h9.png Figure 2: Evolution of short-run (dashed line) and long-run (solid line) profit in terms of deviation of the shadow price of the fixed input from its optimal value. Case (a): Non-zero shadow price. Case (b): Zero shadow price. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-1997-39zqq2tk.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics for 1997 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-for-identity-3-13-2un9kh2f.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics for identity (3.13) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-for-cetan-x-y-w-p-1hrcnprp.png Table 3: Descriptive statistics for CEtan(x, y, w, p) https://scispace.com/papers/tankyrase-mediated-adp-ribosylation-is-a-novel-regulator-of-4xogds8oll 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1e-f-bone-marrow-derived-macrophages-bmdms-and-mdfs-2y4fyqk8.png Fig. 1e-f). Bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) and MDFs generated from heterozygote 62 knock-in mice were treated with TSI and caspase-8 was immunoprecipitated ± FLAG peptide 63 spiking. As expected, cleaved caspase-8, FADD and RIPK1 were immunoprecipitated together with 64 caspase-8 upon TSI from both Casp8+/N3FLAG and Casp8+/C3FLAG cells although we precipitated 65 slightly more of these proteins from Casp8+/C3FLAG cells (Fig. 1b, Extended Data Fig. 1g). 66 Consistently we also observed higher levels of TNKS1 co-precipitating with caspase-8 C3FLAG 67 (Fig. 1b, Extended Data Fig. 1g). In contrast, we did not observe PARP1/ARTD1, the most widely 68 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1i-from-wild-type-wt-bmdms-mdfs-and-mouse-embryonic-3etjnpgo.png Fig. 1e-f). Bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) and MDFs generated from heterozygote 62 knock-in mice were treated with TSI and caspase-8 was immunoprecipitated ± FLAG peptide 63 spiking. As expected, cleaved caspase-8, FADD and RIPK1 were immunoprecipitated together with 64 caspase-8 upon TSI from both Casp8+/N3FLAG and Casp8+/C3FLAG cells although we precipitated 65 slightly more of these proteins from Casp8+/C3FLAG cells (Fig. 1b, Extended Data Fig. 1g). 66 Consistently we also observed higher levels of TNKS1 co-precipitating with caspase-8 C3FLAG 67 (Fig. 1b, Extended Data Fig. 1g). In contrast, we did not observe PARP1/ARTD1, the most widely 68 https://scispace.com/papers/tap-loading-of-subcarrier-equalizers-for-wireless-41wseenh5k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-equalizer-tap-allocation-given-the-etsi-hiperlan-2-2eitsk8e.png Fig. 5. Equalizer tap allocation given the ETSI HiperLAN/2 Channel A (superimposed) for different SNR values and qtot = 104 taps. (a) Equalizer tap allocation at an SNR of 31.7 dB. (b) Equalizer tap allocation at an SNR of 38.7 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ber-curves-for-fixed-tap-length-with-triangular-1cbwqmqn.png Fig. 6. BER curves for fixed-tap-length (with triangular markers) and tapallocated (without triangular markers) multicarrier systems employing square 64-QAM modulation across all subcarriers given the ETSI Channel E. Results are shown for qtot = 104 taps (dotted lines) and qtot = 520 taps (solid lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-an-mdft-multicarrier-filter-bank-system-385fw35d.png Fig. 1. Schematic of an MDFT multicarrier filter bank system performing subcarrier equalizer tap loading. (a) Transmitter with channel. (b) Receiver with PTEQs, channel estimator, and equalizer tap loading algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-implementation-of-mdft-a-preprocessing-and-b-1d0qxu5f.png Fig. 2. Implementation of MDFT (a) preprocessing and (b) postprocessing components. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ber-performance-relative-to-th-etsi-hiperlan-2-channel-1acn8sys.png Fig. 7. BER performance, relative to ∆TH ETSI HiperLAN/2 Channel E. (a) BER performance for the variable-length equalizer for different values of ∆TH. (b) BER performance comparison between variable-length equalizers and their corresponding fixed-length schemes. The “floor” and “ceil” suffixes correspond to fixed equalizers with qFLOOR and qCEIL taps, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-flow-diagram-of-the-proposed-subcarrier-equalizer-tap-2wflig2v.png Fig. 3. Flow diagram of the proposed subcarrier equalizer tap loading algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-subcarrier-mmse-as-a-function-of-subcarrier-equalizer-3amg71wc.png Fig. 4. Subcarrier MMSE as a function of subcarrier equalizer length using the ETSI HiperLAN/2 Channel B at 98 dB. https://scispace.com/papers/tar-conversion-of-biomass-syngas-in-a-downstream-char-bed-15619ksctx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-evolution-of-the-tar-conversion-during-the-vnvv4cow.png Figure 6: Evolution of the tar conversion during the experiments. 6a: Evolution of the mean tar 327 conversion (excluding benzene) at different temperatures. 6b, 6c, 6d: Evolution of the 328 conversion of the different tar classes at 750, 850 and 875 °C, respectively. 329 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-content-of-main-inorganic-elements-top-and-ca-k-1h9g54hg.png Figure 10: Content of main inorganic elements (top) and Ca/K mass ratio (bottom) in spent 434 char. The values of the experiment at 750 °C are inside an orange box and at 875 °C inside a 435 green box; other experiments were conducted at 850 °C. 436 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-yields-of-the-different-tar-classes-of-the-raw-gas-2bndbzdz.png Figure 5: Yields of the different tar classes of the raw gas (750 °C) and with the secondary 312 reactor at 850 °C in absence of char bed 313 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-evolution-of-the-yield-of-the-main-permanent-gases-1b4f30wu.png Figure 8: Evolution of the yield of the main permanent gases at different temperatures. 408 Horizontal black dotted lines represent the corresponding yield of the species in the raw 409 syngas 410 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tar-conversion-mechanism-over-char-reprinted-from-3vvme7ns.png Figure 1: Tar conversion mechanism over char. Reprinted from [13] 94 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-the-mean-temperature-of-the-char-bed-2qp5aewy.png Figure 4: Evolution of the mean temperature of the char bed during the test number 6 at 850 259 °C 260 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-char-bed-weight-after-the-tests-orange-dot-test-at-6izfee3o.png Figure 3: Char bed weight after the tests. Orange dot: test at 750 °C; Blue dots: tests at 850 °C; 247 Green dot: test at 875 °C. 248 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ultimate-analysis-and-elemental-analysis-of-ashes-of-10u74216.png Table 1: Ultimate analysis and elemental analysis of ashes of the different materials used. 128 https://scispace.com/papers/target-advertisement-based-on-cohesive-structure-in-a-social-3aprvmn3k5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cohesive-subgroups-model-s35hahxf.png Fig 1: Cohesive Subgroups Model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-interface-for-advertisement-dxdahrqk.png Fig 2: Interface for advertisement https://scispace.com/papers/taphonomy-and-biological-affinity-of-three-dimensionally-3co3nwfx5o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-reflected-light-images-of-bromalites-a-c-densely-2i98p7wy.png FIG. 4.—Reflected light images of bromalites. A–C) Densely corrugated rod-like specimens: SUI 145155 (WL8), SUI 145156 (WS14-417), SUI 145157 (WS14-559), respectively. D, E) Densely corrugated and compressed specimens: SUI 145158 (WS14-549) and SUI 145159 (WS14-519), respectively. F, G) Unsculpted and compressed specimens: SUI 145160 (WL115) and SUI 145161 (WL119), respectively. H–J) Unsculpted rod-like specimens: SUI 145162 (WS9-148), SUI 145163 (WS14-548), and SUI 145164 (WL31), respectively. K–N) Specimens defined by concentration of quartz sand: SUI 145165 (WL99), SUI 145166 (WL182), SUI 145167 (WS10-200), and SUI 14568 (WS14-229), respectively. O–Q) Specimen exhibiting morphological variation along its length and containing conodont elements: SUI 145169 (WL95). Black and red rectangles in (O) mark magnified views shown in (P, counterpart) and (Q), respectively. Part of the specimen is somewhat three-dimensionally preserved and shows transverse wrinkles or striations (arrow in P) characteristic of phosphatized specimens analyzed in this study, and part of the specimen is preserved as carbonaceous compression with conodont inclusions (arrows in Q). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-specimen-with-densely-packed-microspherules-sui-145142-3gpedda5.png FIG. 8.—Specimen with densely packed microspherules, SUI 145142. A) Reflected light image. White dashed line in lower right indicates where the specimen was cut for thin section preparation. B–D) BSE images. Rectangles in (B) and (C) mark areas magnified in (C) and (D), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-specimens-with-densely-packed-microspherules-a-1kitnnyq.png FIG. 9.—Specimens with densely packed microspherules. A) Transmitted light microscopic image of thin section containing two specimens: top specimen (SUI 145141) is also illustrated in Figures 6 and 7, and bottom specimen (rectangle, SUI 145143) is shown here in successive magnifications. B–D) BSE images. Rectangles in (A), (B), and (C) mark areas magnified in (B), (C), and (D), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-microprobe-analysis-of-winneshiek-1zurtkdk.png TABLE 1.—Results of microprobe analysis of Winneshiek bromalites and shale matrix. The top and bottom specimens are illustrated in Figure 9A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-reflected-light-images-of-bromalites-exhibiting-1u5kpjyc.png FIG. 5.—Reflected light images of bromalites exhibiting evidence of deformation or liquefaction. A) SUI 145170 (WS14-310). B) SUI 145171 (WS11-472). C) SUI 145172 (WL28). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-specimen-with-densely-packed-microspherules-sui-145141-iups6ga8.png FIG. 7.—Specimen with densely packed microspherules, SUI 145141. A) Reflected light image. White dashed line indicates approximately where the specimen was cut for thin section preparation. B–D) BSE images. Rectangles in (B) and (C) mark areas magnified in (C) and (D), respectively. The specimen is also illustrated in Figure 6 and Figure 9A (top specimen). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-locality-maps-a-iowa-map-showing-the-location-of-the-5ii0a1bl.png FIG. 1.—Locality maps. A) Iowa map showing the location of the Decorah impact structure. B) Map of Decorah, Iowa, showing the outline of the impact structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-schematic-drawing-showing-paragenetic-sequence-of-1ajfc4vn.png FIG. 11.—Schematic drawing showing paragenetic sequence of secondary mineral precipitation. Illustration assumes biological granule precursor of microspheres. A) Precursor granules with concentric layers. B) Initial nucleation of micro- and nanocrystalline fluorapatite on precursor granules. C) Nucleation and growth of outer envelope. In places, envelopes of two adjacent microspherules are continuous (Fig. 6E, red arrow), attesting the secondary nature of the envelopes. D–E) Nucleation and growth of micro- and nanocrystalline fluorapatite in inter-microspherule space, and dissolution of precursor core. F) Complete disappearance of precursor core, and complete infilling of inter-microspherule space. https://scispace.com/papers/target-oriented-time-lapse-waveform-inversion-using-virtual-bzzykd8rgt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-one-baseline-shot-gather-of-a-surface-survey-b-tjza88zw.png Figure 4: (a). one baseline shot gather of a surface survey; (b). one time-lapse shot gather of a surface survey; (c). data difference between the two datasets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-synthetic-baseline-survey-with-virtual-geometry-b-2mpl61xe.png Figure 5: (a). Synthetic baseline survey with virtual geometry; (b). Synthesized time-lapse survey with synthetic baseline survey and projected data difference;(c). Projected data difference https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-transform-the-reflection-into-transmission-2o4x7dn9.png Figure 8: Transform the reflection into transmission. https://scispace.com/papers/target-plate-conditions-during-stochastic-boundary-operation-b4zhsgng26 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-13wub255.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-32i7yj29.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3f7h21r9.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/target-sidelobes-removal-via-sparse-recovery-in-the-subband-21sgsliuio 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-range-doppler-map-with-a-cp-ofdm-waveform-qpsk-symbols-54rc6wlg.png Fig. 3. Range-Doppler map with a CP-OFDM waveform. QPSK symbols, M = 16, K = 32, L = 36 (i.e., L/K = 1.125), σ2 = 1 (i.e., σ2n = 1.125), target parameters are described in Table I. (a) 2D-DFT output |x| (10). (b) Proposed SSR-based strategy output K2M/(σ2 ‖ǧ‖22)×|α̂mmse|2 (2D-DFT output depicted in transparent background as a reference): K̄ = K, M̄ = M , (β0, β1) ≈ (3, 50), (γ0, γ1) ≈ (2, 4), (Nbi, Nr) = (200, 500). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-a-typical-radcom-scenario-transmitted-1w3uctqc.png Fig. 1. Illustration of a typical RadCom scenario. Transmitted symbols are known by the radar receiver. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-empirical-posterior-pdfs-obtained-from-the-proposed-2f2gftda.png Fig. 4. Empirical posterior pdfs obtained from the proposed SSR-based strategy. Scenario is the same as that of Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-range-doppler-map-with-a-cp-ofdm-waveform-scenario-is-27wxfmoq.png Fig. 5. Range-Doppler map with a CP-OFDM waveform. Scenario is the same as that of Fig. 3 albeit one-in-two subcarriers are used (Kuser = K/2 = 16). Target SNR in Table I is reduced by a factor Kuser/K = −3 dB. (a) 2D-DFT output |x| (10). (b) Proposed SSR-based strategy output KuserKM/(σ2 ‖ǧ‖22) × |α̂mmse|2 (2D-DFT output depicted in transparent background as a reference): K̄ = K, M̄ = M , (β0, β1) ≈ (3, 50), (γ0, γ1) ≈ (2, 4), (Nbi, Nr) = (200, 500). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-block-diagram-of-the-proposed-multicarrier-radar-2tikg6vb.png Fig. 2. Block diagram of the proposed multicarrier radar system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-target-scene-28phpujm.png TABLE I TARGET SCENE https://scispace.com/papers/targeted-advertising-and-voter-turnout-an-experimental-study-29lom126xi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reports-the-estimation-results-of-three-model-yglzcsvc.png Table 2 reports the estimation results of three model specifications. Every model specification improves upon the 73% fit of the naive model (which simply predicts that every respondent is “Certain to vote”). Specifications Model 1 and Model 2 examine the possibility that there is a systematic effect on the likelihood of voting once respondents’ demographic and political characteristics are controlled.14 The specifications differ in that Model 1 list-wise deletes the 14% missing data in the household income variable and Model 2 uses the multiple imputation procedure outlined in King et al. (2001).15 Table 2 reports the model specifications and results, with coefficients attaining standard levels of significance (i.e., 5% probability of making a two-tailed Type I error listed as (**) and 10% as (*)). https://scispace.com/papers/targeted-deletion-of-vitamin-d-receptor-gene-in-mammalian-47y3mtdiw0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-sequences-of-potential-off-target-sites-in-human-30zjhriv.png Table 4. The sequences of potential off-target sites in human and mouse 1 https://scispace.com/papers/target-tracking-reveals-the-time-course-of-visual-processing-478havmw5h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-monocular-target-tracking-results-monocular-3c5n1y67.png Figure 3. Monocular target tracking results. Monocular temporal cross-correlograms and estimated interocular 2 differences in processing speed at different luminance levels. A Monocular target tracking in X for all observers. The 3 cross-correlograms reflect target tracking performance when the image was bright (i.e. maximum luminance: OD=0.0; 4 light curve) and when the image was dark (i.e. 75% less light than maximum luminance: OD=0.6; dark curve) for the 5 left eye (blue) and the right eye (red). Although the cross-correlograms are nearly overlapping, the dark curve is 6 shifted rightward by a small but consistent amount, indicating an increased tracking lag for the darker image. Insets 7 show the systematic delay between the rising edges of the cross-correlograms. The colored band represents +1SD of 8 the baseline noise, computed from lags less than 0ms. B Interocular tracking delays as a function of optical density 9 difference in the two eyes for maximum luminance in the right eye vs. 75% and 50% less light in the left eye 10 (∆O=-0.6 and -0.3) and maximum luminance in the left eye vs. 50% and 75% less light in the right eye (∆O=+0.3 and 11 +0.6). Interocular delay is an approximate linear function of the optical density difference between the eyes. 12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-simulated-binocular-tracking-through-depth-with-z001m02a.png Figure 8. Simulated binocular tracking through depth with interocular luminance differences. A Impulse 26 response functions for the model observer’s left and right eyes when the left eye is dark and the right eye 27 is bright. B Resulting tracking performance in X and Z when the left eye is dark and processed more 28 slowly than the right eye. Target motion in X is tracked smoothly and accurately, but large tracking 29 inaccuracies are apparent in Z. Large over- and under-estimates of depth (i.e. Z position) are caused by 30 rightward and leftward target movements, respectively, the hallmark of the classic Pulfrich effect. The 31 vertical rectangles highlight regions of the time-series where these effects are most noticeable. C The 32 cross-correlation of X target motion and Z response motion (thick curves) from the simulated data and the 33 difference between the left- and right-eye impulse response functions (thin curves) are plotted for two 34 different conditions with one eye dark and the other eye bright (colors). The simulated data agrees with 35 the mathematical prediction in Eq. 1. D. Predicted differences vs. the actual data for the first observer. 36 37 Data from the first human observer has clear similarities to the simulated data (Fig. 8D, noisy 38 vs. smooth curves). But the strongest test of whether the binocular target tracking data is 39 consistent with the other data thus far collected is to examine whether human binocular tracking 40 performance is predicted by discrepancies between the left- and right-eye impulse response 41 functions. To find out, we made use of the cross-correlograms from the monocular tracking 42 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-binocular-target-stimulus-on-screen-positions-and-16mu65ct.png Figure 4. Binocular target stimulus, on-screen positions, and disparity-specified 3D target trajectories for button-press 11 psychophysics experiment. A On-screen left- and right-eye image positions over time. When the left-eye image is 12 delayed on-screen relative to the right-eye image (top), disparity specifies clockwise motion (i.e. ‘front left’ motion) 13 when viewed from above (bottom). B When no on-screen delays are present (top), disparity specifies motion in the 14 plane of the screen (bottom). C When the left-eye image is advanced on-screen relative to the right-eye image, 15 disparity specifies counter-clockwise motion (i.e. ‘front right’ motion) when viewed from above (bottom). D Binocular 16 target stimulus. Arrows and dashed bars show motion direction and speed; they are for illustrative purposes and were 17 not present in the actual stimuli. Free-fuse to see stimulus to see in 3D. Cross-fusers will see a depiction of ‘front 18 right’ 3D motion, which is consistent with counter-clockwise motion when viewed from above. Divergent-fusers will 19 see a depiction clockwise motion when viewed from above. E Example psychometric functions from the first human 20 observer for interocular differences in optical density (i.e. ∆O={-0.6OD, -0.3OD, 0.0OD, +0.3OD, +0.6OD}) 21 corresponding luminance differences ranging from the left eye having 75% less light than the right eye to the right eye 22 having 75% less light than the left eye. To cancel the neural delays, the required on-screen interocular delays 23 (arrows) change systematically with the luminance differences. 24 25 In most conditions, the stimulus appeared to be following a near-elliptical motion trajectory that 26 exited the plane of the screen. The task was to report whether the target appeared to be moving 27 leftward or rightward when it appeared to be in front of the screen. To change the 28 stereoscopically-defined 3D motion trajectory, on-screen interocular delays were manipulated 29 (see Methods). When the left-eye image was delayed relative to the right-eye image, disparity 30 specified that the target was undergoing ‘back right / front left’ motion (i.e. clockwise motion 31 when viewed from above; Fig. 4A). When there was no delay, disparity specified that the target 32 was moving in the plane of the screen (Fig. 4B). And when the left-eye image was advanced 33 relative to the right-eye image, disparity specified that the target was undergoing ‘front right / 34 back left’ motion (i.e. counter-clockwise motion when viewed from above; Fig. 4C). Nearly all 35 aspects of the display—the size and shape of the target bar, the size and shape of the picket 36 fence reference bars, the luminance levels, the peripheral 1/f noise—were identical to those 37 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-binocular-tracking-temporal-cross-correlograms-16htt7jh.png Figure 7. Binocular tracking. Temporal cross-correlograms between X target motion and X response motion (X vs. 2 X), Z target motion and Z response motion (Z vs. Z), and X target motion and Z response motion (X vs. Z) for all five 3 human observers for three visual conditions: A Both on-screen images are equally bright (∆O= 0.0OD). B The left-eye 4 image is dark (i.e. 75% of maximum luminance) and the right-eye image is bright (∆O=-0.6OD). C The left-eye image 5 is bright and the right-eye image is dark (i.e. 75% of maximum luminance; ∆O=+0.6OD). Tracking in X is 6 comparatively swift, tracking in Z is more sluggish, and the impact of horizontal target motion on the depth response 7 depends systematically on the luminance differences between the eyes. 8 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-classic-pulfrich-effect-and-three-approaches-to-vww8vpzn.png Figure 1. The classic Pulfrich effect, and three approaches to measuring interocular delays. A Classic Pulfrich effect. 2 When a moving target is viewed with an unequal amount of light in the two eyes, the distance and 3D direction of 3 horizontal motion is perceived incorrectly. With a neutral density filter in front of the left eye, sinusoidal target motion 4 in the screen plane is misperceived as motion along a near-elliptical trajectory in depth. The image in the darker eye 5 is processed with a delay relative to the brighter eye. For rightward motion, this interocular delay causes the effective 6 target image position in the darker eye (gray dot) to be shifted leftward relative to the target image position in the 7 brighter eye (white dot). For leftward motion, the target image position in the darker eye is shifted rightward (not 8 shown). The binocular visual system computes the disparity from these effective left- and right-eye images, and the 9 target is perceived behind the screen for rightward motion (and in front of the screen for leftward motion). In a 10 traditional psychophysical experiment, observers report their percept (e.g. ‘front left’ or ‘front left’) with a button press. 11 This method recovers estimates of interocular delay with sub-millisecond precision. B Monocular target tracking. A 12 target undergoing a random walk in X on the screen plane is tracked when it is viewed with the left eye alone and 13 also when it is viewed with the right eye alone. Although the target is always perceived in the plane of the screen (i.e. 14 no illusory depth is perceived), comparing monocular tracking performance between the eyes can yield estimates of 15 interocular delay that match those obtained with traditional psychophysics, assuming matched viewing conditions. C 16 Binocular target tracking. A target undergoing a random walk in X and Z is tracked while being viewed with both eyes. 17 When the left eye is dark, the interocular delay causes a target moving rightward to be perceived farther away than it 18 is and vice versa. Analyzing binocular tracking performance can also reveal interocular differences in processing. 19 20 To demonstrate the utility of target tracking for measuring the time course of visual processing, 21 we make use of the Pulfrich effect, a well-known stereo-motion phenomenon (Lit, 1949; Pulfrich, 22 1922). When the image in one eye is darker than the image in the other, motion in the frontal 23 plane like that of a clock pendulum is misperceived as near-elliptical motion in depth (Fig. 1A). 24 The effect occurs because the image with less light is processed more slowly. For moving 25 objects, the interocular mismatch (i.e. delay) in processing speed causes an effective neural 26 disparity, which leads to illusory percepts of depth. With traditional psychophysical techniques, 27 interocular delays can be measured with sub-millisecond precision by having observers report 28 with a button press whether the stimulus appeared to move leftward or rightward when it 29 appeared to be in front of the screen (“front left” in Fig. 1A). The Pulfrich effect therefore 30 provides a stringent test for target tracking psychophysics. It is also convenient for present 31 purposes because interocular delays of only a few milliseconds can cause large perceptual 32 effects. 33 34 The goal of this paper is to determine whether continuous target tracking can be used to 35 quantify millisecond-scale differences in visual processing between the eyes. We estimate 36 interocular differences in visual processing with traditional button-press psychophysics (Fig. 1A), 37 monocular target tracking (Fig. 1B), and binocular target tracking in depth (Fig. 1C), and then 38 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-traditional-button-press-psychophysics-results-on-v3gxsli8.png Figure 5. Traditional button-press psychophysics results. On-screen interocular delays that resulted in percepts of 14 zero motion in depth as a function of the interocular difference in optical density ( ={-0.6OD, -0.3OD, 0.0OD, 15 +0.3OD, +0.6OD}). These optical density differences correspond to the left-eye stimulus having 75% and 50% lower 16 luminance than the right-eye stimulus, the stimuli in both eyes having the same luminance, and the right-eye stimulus 17 having 50% and 75% lower luminance than the left-eye stimulus, respectively. Positive on-screen interocular 18 differences indicate that the left-eye image was delayed neurally relative to the right. Negative on-screen interocular 19 differences indicate that the left-eye image was advanced neurally relative to the right. 20 21 To examine whether target tracking and traditional button-press psychophysics are measuring 22 the same underlying quantity, we plotted the estimated interocular differences in processing 23 speed from the two experiments (see Figs. 3B & 5) against the luminance difference in the two 24 eyes (Fig. 6A). The agreement between the two methods is good. 25 26 To quantitatively assess the agreement, we plotted the estimates from the traditional button-27 press psychophysics experiment directly against the estimates from the tracking experiment. 28 The data are tightly clustered about the unity line, indicating millisecond-scale agreement 29 between estimates of interocular delay provided by the two experiments (Fig. 6B). Across 30 conditions and observers, the differences between the estimated delay with traditional and 31 tracking psychophysics were very small. The mean difference in delay was -0.16ms (-1.04ms to 32 0.71ms 95% confidence interval) with a standard deviation of 2.06ms (Fig. 6B, inset). 33 34 The level of agreement between the estimates derived from the two methods is striking, 35 especially given the enormous differences between them. One method—traditional button-press 36 psychophysics—presented a target stimulus following a stereotyped motion trajectory (i.e. a 37 near-elliptical path through a 3D volume of space) and obtained a binary response. This binary 38 response reflected an aspect of the observer’s percept, and the response is essentially 39 independent of the temporal properties of the motor system. The other method—target-tracking 40 psychophysics—presented a target stimulus following an unpredictable motion trajectory (i.e. a 41 random walk in the 2D plane of the display monitor) and obtained the continuous motor 42 response of the observer. This continuous response is fundamentally constrained to reflect the 43 temporal properties of both the visual and motor systems. And yet, the estimates of interocular 44 delay from the two methods agree in each individual condition to within a few milliseconds, and 45 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-on-screen-display-and-monocular-x-position-tracking-2mo5qcp2.png Figure 2. On-screen display and monocular x-position tracking performance. A Target tracking stimulus. The target 18 bar underwent a horizontal random walk. The task was to track the target bar with a small dark mouse cursor. Motion 19 direction and speed are indicated by arrows and dashed shapes; note that they are for illustrative purposes and were 20 not present in the actual stimuli. B Target trajectory in X (solid curve) and tracked trajectory (dashed curve) across 21 time. The response trajectory is a smoothed, delayed version of the target trajectory. Note that the delay in the 22 human tracking response is approximately constant throughout the trial.q 23 24 Monocular cross-correlograms—the cross-correlation of the target and response motions—are 25 shown for all observers in the highest and lowest luminance conditions (Fig. 3A). The cross-26 correlogram yields an estimate of the temporal impulse response function of the visuomotor 27 system, assuming the system is linear. The latency of the initial response, as quantified by the 28 first point that the cross-correlogram rises out of the noise, ranges between 150-200ms. The 29 rise is steep such that the peak correlation occurs 50-75ms after the cross-correlation becomes 30 exceeds the baseline noise. The temporal integration period, as quantified by the bandwidth (i.e. 31 full-width at half-height), ranges between 100-300ms across observers. Note that because the 32 motion statistics were matched across visual conditions, motor noise should be constant across 33 conditions (Harris & Wolpert, 1998). Also note that given current assumptions visual and motor 34 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-10-anomalous-pulfrich-percepts-a-some-observers-2w566983.png Figures 10. Anomalous Pulfrich percepts. A Some observers spontaneously reported perceiving anomalous near-2 elliptical motion trajectories that were not aligned with the screen (blue or red). Other observers perceived trajectories 3 that were aligned with the screen (black). B Effective neural image positions as a function of time that can elicit the 4 anomalous perceived motion trajectories in A. Left-eye (blue) and right-eye (red) neural image positions when the 5 processing is delayed and damped in the left eye (left subplot) or right eye (right subplot). C Temporal impulse 6 response functions that have different temporal integration periods can account for neural image positions in B. 7 Impulse response functions with longer temporal integration periods tend to dampen the amplitude of the effective 8 image position in that eye. Left subplot: Right-eye processing is fast and left-eye processing is delayed (i.e. has a 9 longer latency) with a longer temporal integration period. Middle subplot: Slow-eye processing is delayed but not 10 damped relative to the fast-eye processing. Right subplot: Left-eye processing is fast and right-eye processing is 11 delayed with a longer temporal integration period. 12 https://scispace.com/papers/targeted-delivery-of-probiotics-to-enhance-gastrointestinal-2r417qzmt1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-recovery-after-freeze-drying-l-2qsfmnu8.png Table 2: Percentage recovery after freeze-drying L. acidophilus LA5 using sugars as protectants 216 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-probiotic-products-used-115-55feurmk.png Table 1: Composition of probiotic products used 115 https://scispace.com/papers/targeted-disruption-of-pparg1-promotes-trophoblast-47m2bmvsov 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nakano-et-al-trophoblast-endocycling-and-pparg1-38shr2nh.png Figure 3, Nakano et al. Trophoblast endocycling and PPARγ1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-nakano-et-al-trophoblast-endocycling-and-pparg1-30xhp6s9.png Figure 4, Nakano et al. Trophoblast endocycling and PPARγ1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-nakano-et-al-trophoblast-endocycling-and-pparg1-3jc11sds.png Figure 7, Nakano et al. Trophoblast endocycling and PPARγ1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nakano-et-al-trophoblast-endocycling-and-pparg1-3druk954.png Figure 1, Nakano et al. Trophoblast endocycling and PPARγ1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-nakano-et-al-trophoblast-endocycling-and-pparg1-31fag5ky.png Figure 6, Nakano et al. Trophoblast endocycling and PPARγ1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-nakano-et-al-trophoblast-endocycling-and-pparg1-3l3trk09.png Figure 5, Nakano et al. Trophoblast endocycling and PPARγ1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nakano-et-al-trophoblast-endocycling-and-pparg1-2gzl2p57.png Figure 2, Nakano et al. Trophoblast endocycling and PPARγ1 https://scispace.com/papers/targeted-metabolomics-with-quantitative-dissolution-dynamic-8iqwk52ycp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-principle-steps-in-the-qddnp-nmr-analysis-method-a-3dss2wl9.png Fig. 1 Principle steps in the qdDNP-NMR analysis method. A description of the four steps in the analysis is found in Subheading 3.2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-metabolite-quantification-in-qddnp-nmr-zyf938pz.png Fig. 3 Illustration of metabolite quantification in qdDNP-NMR experiments. (a) Typical 13C NMR spectrum from the metabolite extract of β-cells incubated with 11.7 mM [U-13C,D]glucose for 4 h. (b) Quantification of glucose-derived metabolites (lactate, pyruvate, alanine, and glutamate) in β-cells in a longitudinal study (2, 4, and 8 h, 11.7 mM). Constant production of lactate (red arrow, 0.65 nmol/min), depletion of pyruvate (blue arrow, !0.3 nmol/min), and constant pool of glutamate (TCA cycle) and alanine (grey arrows) are determined https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-calculation-method-for-signal-loss-coefficient-slc-mv09nagt.png Fig. 2 Calculation method for signal loss coefficient (SLC) https://scispace.com/papers/targeted-knockdown-of-canine-kit-stem-cell-factor-receptor-2kilxonueq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-knockdown-efficiency-of-canine-housekeeping-gene-and-1wotpnwb.png Table 2. Knockdown efficiency of canine housekeeping gene and KIT SiRNA molecules. Triplicate wells of CHO cells were transfected with native or recombinant psiCHECK-2 plasmid DNA and co-transfected with either scrambled siRNA, siRNA targeted to renilla luciferase, or SiRNA targeting the inserted canine sequence. Both firefly and renilla luciferase activity were measured after 24 h incubation. Mean luminescence data are shown, following subtraction of the luminescence values of untransfected CHO cells. Knockdown efficiency of targeted siRNA was calculated compared to scrambled siRNA. GAPDH = glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, B2M = 2microglobulin, Exp = experimental replicate, LU = luminescence units, KD (%) = percentage knockdown efficiency. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-plasmid-dna-constructs-and-sirna-molecules-used-in-1u69dav1.png Table 1. Plasmid DNA constructs and SiRNA molecules used in knock-down studies. 3 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-2-dglh797k.png FIGURE 2 1 2 https://scispace.com/papers/targeted-minimum-loss-based-estimation-of-causal-effects-in-3qi04rv491 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulation-performance-under-positivity-violations-4dd79q4r.png Table 1 Simulation: performance under positivity violations https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-causal-effect-of-warfarin-on-the-probability-of-1d0r38ah.png Table 3 Causal effect of warfarin on the probability of stroke or death within 1 year https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-simulation-performance-under-model-misspecification-rcxc6b47.png Table 2 Simulation: performance under model misspecification https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-inverse-probability-of-censoring-weights-a-warfarin-1lqkarei.png Figure 1 Inverse probability of censoring weights. (a) Warfarin. (b) No Warfarin https://scispace.com/papers/targeted-modification-of-the-foot-and-mouth-disease-virus-3cj413k3wu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-and-standard-deviation-of-viral-titers-log10-m2dgghmq.png Table 3. Mean and standard deviation of viral titers (log10 TCID50/mL) of virus strain Asia-#8 and the corresponding recombinant viruses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cell-lines-used-in-the-study-13dfygsn.png Table 1. Cell lines used in the study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-and-standard-deviation-of-viral-titers-log10-34xbd7oa.png Table 4. Mean and standard deviation of viral titers (log10 TCID50/mL) of recombinant viruses based on Asia-#9 that were not able to infect and replicate in BHK-2P suspension cells. A lack of replication was assumed for all virus/cell combinations for which fewer than two of three replicate cultures were positive in the FMDV RT-qPCR. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-and-standard-deviation-of-viral-titers-log10-v9sv9v6t.png Table 5. Mean and standard deviation of viral titers (log10 TCID50/mL) of virus isolate Asia-#9 and the corresponding recombinant viruses that can infect and replicate in BHK-2P cells. Replication was assumed for all virus/cell combinations for which at least two of three replicate cultures were positive in the FMDV RT-qPCR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-growth-curves-in-bhk-2p-cells-of-the-recombinant-26nalsvh.png Figure 1. Growth curves in BHK-2P cells of the recombinant viruses, Asia-Mut 8-3 (A), Asia-Mut 9-9 (B), Asia-Mut 9-4 and Asia-Mut 9-7 (C) in comparison to the corresponding passage-derived strains Asia-#8 and Asia-#9. All values are plotted relative to the titer at 0 hours to emphasize the change in virus titer over time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-growth-curves-in-bhk-2p-cells-of-the-recombinant-3uu7e85u.png Figure 1. Growth curves in BHK-2P cells of the recombinant viruses, Asia-Mut 8-3 (A), Asia-Mut 9-9 (B), Asia-Mut 9-4 and Asia-Mut 9-7 (C) in comparison to the corresponding passage-derived strains Asia-#8 and Asia-#9. All values are plotted relative to the titer at 0 hours to emphasize the change in virus titer over time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sucrose-gradient-profiles-of-asia-1-shamir-asia-8-86kpfyvk.png Figure 2. Sucrose gradient profiles of Asia-1 Shamir, Asia-#8 and Asia-#9. Virus strains Asia-#8 and Asia-#9 were gro n in BHK-2P and the wild-type isolate sia-1 Shamir was grown in adherent BHK-21 cells. The harvested vi u was concentrated by ultracentrifugati and sedim n ed through a 15–45% sucrose density gradient. The peaks corresponding to RNA in 146S particles and free RNA are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sucrose-gradient-profiles-of-asia-1-shamir-asia-8-2cvuau8l.png Figure 2. Sucrose gradient profiles of Asia-1 Shamir, Asia-#8 and Asia-#9. Virus strains Asia-#8 and Asia-#9 were gro n in BHK-2P and the wild-type isolate sia-1 Shamir was grown in adherent BHK-21 cells. The harvested vi u was concentrated by ultracentrifugati and sedim n ed through a 15–45% sucrose density gradient. The peaks corresponding to RNA in 146S particles and free RNA are indicated. https://scispace.com/papers/targeted-observations-with-an-airborne-wind-lidar-2xivgu3r8w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-gray-points-mark-the-absolute-value-of-the-39fap8xo.png FIG. 3. (a) Gray points mark the absolute value of the difference between lidar and dropsonde wind speeds as function of the intensity ratio. The standard deviation of these differences ( wspd, black solid line) and the bias (dashed gray line) are shown. (b) Same as (a), but as function of the spectral width. (c), (d), (f) Same as (a), but for the (c) u component, (d) wind direction, and (f) component, respectively. (e) Histogram of the compared winds as function of the intensity ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-the-lidar-winds-calculated-with-the-r199r7mp.png TABLE 3. Comparison of the lidar winds, calculated with the MFAS and the inversion algorithm. Coverage is the relative fraction of the number of reliable lidar winds of the possible number of measurements. The total coverage is the coverage derived with a combination of both algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-flight-track-of-the-dlr-falcon-blue-line-with-3tembvn0.png FIG. 7. (a) Flight track of the DLR Falcon (blue line) with underlying contours of the ECMWF forecast of 500-hPa geopotential height at 1800 UTC 25 Nov 2003 (targeting time), and color shadings show the ECMWF total energy singular vector summary map (dry T42) for the forecast in the verification region at 0000 UTC 27 Nov 2003 (image courtesy of ECMWF). Red areas (high energy) indicate high sensitivity. The verification region is marked by a rectangle. (b) AVHRR satellite image (channel 4) at 1521 UTC 25 Nov 2003 and the flight track are marked by a red line (image courtesy of the NERC Satellite Receiving Station, Dundee University, Scotland; information available online at http://www.sat.dundee.ac.uk/). Vertical cross sections of (c) and (d) lidar wind direction, (e) and (f) lidar wind speed, and (g) and (h) the difference of wind speeds between the lidar measurements and the ECMWF analysis as function of the distance along the flight track shown in Fig. 7. (c), (e), (g) Wind cross sections derived from one scan revolution of the lidar. (d), (f), (h) Wind cross sections from four scan revolutions. Red straight lines separate the north–south and the west–east segments of the cross sections. The analysis wind speeds were interpolated linearly in time and space to the location and time of the lidar measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scan-pattern-at-5-gray-and-10-black-km-distance-2vw83mep.png FIG. 1. Scan pattern at 5- (gray) and 10- (black) km distance beneath the aircraft with an accumulation time of (top) 1 and (bottom) 2 s; measurement segments (solid lines), scanner motion from one position to the next (dashed lines), and aircraft flight track (arrows). The flight level for the calculation was 10 km, and the aircraft ground speed was 200 m s 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-histogram-of-lidar-measurements-during-a-trec-for-left-3oshc4pb.png FIG. 6. Histogram of lidar measurements during A-TReC for (left) different wind speeds and (right) different heights. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-parameters-of-the-lidar-system-3c49kfmh.png TABLE 1. Main parameters of the lidar system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-wind-speed-b-rate-of-fall-c-relative-humidity-and-d-1wxwv0tb.png FIG. 4. (a) Wind speed, (b) rate of fall, (c) relative humidity, and (d) horizontal drift of a dropsonde launched at 1642 UTC 25 Nov 2003. The launch position (56°N, 22°W) is the point of origin in (d). The corresponding lidar wind profile is plotted with x in (a), and the location of the lidar line-of-sight measurements used to calculate the wind profile are shown with x in (d). The dropsonde was launched at 1642 UTC 25 Nov 2003. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-standard-deviations-wspd-u-wdir-and-the-bias-of-8vo62ogq.png TABLE 2. The standard deviations wspd, u, , wdir, and the bias of the wind speed for lidar winds derived with the MFAS and with the inversion algorithm. The relative numbers were calculated with respect to the mean wind speed and wind components. The bracketed values of were derived with the manual exclusion of three outliers. https://scispace.com/papers/targeted-next-generation-sequencing-identifies-pathogenic-4p5iw2shqh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-characteristics-of-ndkd-and-dkd-cohorts-1g51vjrf.png Table 1: Clinical Characteristics of NDKD and DKD Cohorts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-rare-pathogenic-or-likely-38f3a01g.png Figure 1. Distribution of Rare Pathogenic or Likely Pathogenic Variants in NDKD and DKD Patients https://scispace.com/papers/targeting-gys1-with-aav-sacas9-decreases-pathogenic-4kw9y12doi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primer-and-probe-sequences-used-in-this-study-9g36b34j.png Table 1. Primer and probe sequences used in this study https://scispace.com/papers/targeting-ezh2-mediated-methylation-of-histone-3-inhibits-3aa6yw9len 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-27ekjd5t.png Figure 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-368na9nt.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1t0btpm3.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2fxn4vvg.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-2f9161jk.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2hrajdpc.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-z96sar4n.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-1inzumpm.png Figure 10 https://scispace.com/papers/targeting-transthyretin-in-alzheimer-s-disease-drug-3uxcrtshm0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemical-structures-of-ttr-tetramer-stabilizers-the-f8dal7ds.png Figure 1. Chemical structures of TTR tetramer stabilizers: the orphan drug Tafamidis, the Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diflunisal (DIF), the repurposed drug tolcapone for Familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) and our lead compound iododiflunisal (IDIF). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-close-view-of-one-binding-site-of-the-crystal-2rbtn1bp.png Figure 4. Close view of one binding site of the crystal structures of TTR:35 (left, PDB ID 6EP1) and TTR:73 (right, PDB ID 6EOY). The two-symmetry related positions of each compound are shown with carbon atoms in grey and orange. The 2Fo-Fc electron density maps at 1σ are drawn as a blue mesh around compounds 35 and 73 and residues Lys15 and Ser117 highlighted in stick representation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-aggregation-kinetics-of-a-1-42-monitored-by-tht-2g1j8kz9.png Figure 7: Aggregation kinetics of A(1-42) monitored by ThT fluorescence assays: (A) Dose/response studies: kinetics of aggregation of A(1-42) in the presence of (TTR+IDIF), fixed ratio A(1-42) /TTR to (4:1) and increasing the ratio of TTR /IDIF from (1:0) to (1:2); and (B) binary [A(1-42) + TTR] at a ratio (2:1) and ternary interactions [A(1-42) + (TTR+SMC)] at a ratio (2:1:2) (SMCs: LUT, SUL, OLS, and FLU). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-itc-studies-of-the-a-binary-a-1-40-ttr-complex-and-y1o4at90.png Figure 6: ITC studies of the: (A) binary A(1−40)/TTR complex; and (B) of the ternary complexes A(1-40)/(TTR/SMC) (SMC: IDIF, LUT, SUL, OLS AND FLU). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-flowchart-to-which-compounds-were-subjected-to-366frbf5.png Figure 3. Flowchart to which compounds were subjected to determine experimentally which compounds bind to and stabilize TTR, and representative images of the results obtained in each assay. (A) The T4 binding gel electrophoresis assay, using human plasma incubated with [125I]-T4 and with various compounds as competitors. The migration of the different plasma T4 binding proteins is indicated. (B) The displacement of [ 125I]-T4 from WT TTR by competition with the compounds. The curves were obtained using various compounds indicated as competitive inhibitors. (C) The TTR stability assay, in which samples were analysed by Western Blot after incubation of the compounds with WT-TTR, under semi-denaturing conditions; the quantification plot presents the intensity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-computational-workflows-for-the-selection-of-6l9c10qx.png Figure 2. Computational workflows for the selection of modulators of TTR/A interaction (A) Based on drug repurposing and multi-target approach; (B) Based on multitarget computational docking and searches on common pharmacophores for several targets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hts-assays-kinetics-of-aggregation-with-best-f9a33ckm.png Figure 5. HTS assays. Kinetics of aggregation with best chaperones: (A) binary [A(12-28) + TTR] and ternary interactions [A(12-28) + (TTR+IDIF)]; (B) binary [A(12-28) + TTR] and ternary interactions [A(12-28) + (TTR+SMC)] with SMCs: LUT, SUL, OLS, and FLU. Ternary interactions [A(12-28) + (TTR+DIF)] are added for comparison purposes. https://scispace.com/papers/targeting-single-walled-carbon-nanotubes-for-the-treatment-gyp54acuds 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-kanamycin-properties-142-2kxzzt4b.png Table A.3: Kanamycin properties [142]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-2-2-2-bradford-protein-assay-3d5v0sd1.png Figure A.2.5.1.: SWNT calibration curve. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-1-sonication-process-3l5hhsd4.png Figure A.1.1.: Sonication process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-27-optical-pictures-of-human-endothelial-cells-taken-2ract1qh.png Figure 27: Optical pictures of human endothelial cells taken before and after a laser treatment of cells that had been incubated with SWNT-annexin V. The cells were in a non-confluent state. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-nir-absorbance-spectra-normalized-for-swnts-with-3spbwnra.png Figure 20: NIR absorbance spectra (normalized) for SWNTs with annexin V attached via the (a) FMOC linker or the (b) DSPE linker, and SWNTs only suspended using SDS (control). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-leading-sites-of-new-cancer-cases-and-deaths-3v9ahir7.png Figure 1: Leading sites of new cancer cases and deaths. *Excludes basal and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ carcinoma except urinary bladder [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-single-walled-carbon-nanotube-wrapped-with-peg-35sezegq.png Figure 5: A single walled carbon nanotube wrapped with PEG. PEG molecules have a radioisotope molecule attached to them and others have the RGD peptide [73]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-metastatic-nodules-evaluation-1eks688r.png Table 7: Metastatic nodules evaluation. https://scispace.com/papers/targeting-the-exchange-rate-under-inflation-cc918oxmbo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimation1-18z00t8c.png TABLE 1: ESTIMATION1 https://scispace.com/papers/tariff-mediated-network-effects-versus-strategic-discounting-7uivcorahs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-3vdm0g34.png Table 2: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pairwise-correlations-3iefmbos.png Table 3: Pairwise Correlations https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-robustness-tests-316p59v3.png Table 6: Robustness Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-development-of-termination-fees-in-germany-in-cents-91tuxlh2.png Table 1: Development of Termination Fees in Germany (in cents) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-main-results-1u75byn4.png Table 5: Main Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-tariffs-and-on-net-discounts-by-operator-type-2001-hqs04fcw.png Table 4: Tariffs and On-net Discounts by Operator Type (2001-2009) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-new-tariffs-and-proportion-of-tariffs-with-on-net-32a05494.png Figure 1: New Tariffs and Proportion of Tariffs with On-Net Discount (2001-2008) https://scispace.com/papers/tariff-equivalent-and-forgone-trade-effects-of-prohibitive-37zq3vu082 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dollar-value-of-tbt-across-years-and-changes-in-6n5nt0rj.png Table 2. Dollar Value of TBT Across Years and Changes in Australian imports of New Zealand apples after the TBT removal https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-welfare-changes-from-elimination-of-tbt-without-1xwe245l.png Table 4. Welfare Changes from Elimination of TBT without Disease Transmission at Different Elasticity of Australian Apple Supply https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimation-results-of-maximum-likelihood-estimation-y9zbbj9j.png Table 1. Estimation Results of Maximum Likelihood Estimation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-welfare-changes-from-elimination-of-tbt-tow1r3og.png Table 3. Welfare Changes from Elimination of TBT https://scispace.com/papers/tariff-policy-and-transport-costs-under-reciprocal-dumping-160yge11qq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-equilibrium-location-3227hp9t.png Table 2:Equilibrium location. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-payoff-matrix-10ciethu.png Table 1:Payoff matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-transport-costs-and-maximized-global-welfare-within-2npp1im6.png Figure 2:Transport costs and maximized global welfare within each set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-trade-and-location-configurations-fort-a-4-2iwdvf41.png Figure 1:Trade and location configurations forτ < a/4. https://scispace.com/papers/taschenbuch-fur-kafersammler-2ykcniix8s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3h7jm7qy.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-96-abgebildet-er-gibt-aber-als-wirtspflanze-luzula-1sg2lwsd.png Fig. 96 abgebildet. Er gibt aber als Wirtspflanze Luzula albida https://scispace.com/papers/task-1-evaluation-of-m-s-tools-for-micro-reactor-concepts-535xpcw279 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-overview-coupling-architecture-for-micro-reactors-hbbo8vxu.png Figure 4.1: Overview coupling architecture for micro-reactors. The Design Team scope encompasses the Resource Team scope while adding systems analysis tools to the neutronics and heat pipe calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-pin-sub-cell-types-with-a-individual-cladding-and-2upnpym2.png Figure 3.3: Pin sub-cell types with a) individual cladding and, b) integral cladding. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-different-driver-codes-compared-to-the-relevant-12uwfmsu.png Table 5.2: Different driver codes compared to the relevant success metrics. = Readily available or otherwise best case scenario, G#= adequate performance or model implementation, #= not viable. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-different-driver-codes-compared-to-the-relevant-2nclh6s5.png Table 5.1: Different driver codes compared to the relevant success metrics. = Readily available or otherwise best case scenario, G#= adequate performance or model implementation, #= not viable. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-example-of-a-unit-assembly-transient-3ansr7a2.png Figure 6.1: Example of a unit assembly transient. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-psuedo-code-of-an-example-linkage-system-between-m9n6rfgy.png Figure 4.3: Psuedo-code of an example linkage system between the thermo-mechanical driver, neutronics, heat pipe, and systems analysis code. The likely communication paths between the codes are provided in the red boxes. The linkage path between the systems analysis code is not explicitly provided since they are likely numerous and outside of the scope of the Resource Team calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-sample-performance-limits-for-a-composite-wick-2i8z224i.png Figure 3.4: Sample performance limits for a composite wick heat pipe https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-3-different-heat-pipe-codes-compared-to-the-relevant-1zi6tzvs.png Table 5.3: Different heat pipe codes compared to the relevant success metrics. = Readily available or otherwise best case scenario, G#= adequate performance or model implementation, #= not viable. https://scispace.com/papers/task-1-monitoring-real-time-materials-degradation-nrc-2xuf1ef6xe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-a-pzt-b-pvdf-and-c-mfc-piezoelectric-sensors-yun-12vjcuoe.png Figure 19. (a) PZT, (b) PVDF, and (c) MFC piezoelectric sensors. (Yun et al) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-top-schematic-of-a-gmr-based-sensor-for-magnetic-3edpu7i4.png Figure 5. (top) Schematic of a GMR-based sensor for magnetic field sensing and (bottom) picture of a circuit board mounted element. [http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a4 26287.pdf] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-squid-mounted-robot-for-automated-aircraft-wheel-113esfhk.png Figure 6. (a) SQUID mounted robot for automated aircraft wheel testing, (b) flexible fuselage scanner system, and (c) image of a section of fuselage with a row of rivets marked by dots [http://www.ndt.net/article/ecndt98/aero/043/043.htm]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-top-vibrothermography-system-at-anl-for-inspection-am8v3qix.png Figure 7. (top) Vibrothermography system at ANL for inspection of welds. (bottom) Raw thermal image of the weld zone (left) and differential image (right) displaying only the reflection from an embedded crack. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-common-ndt-techniques-and-applications-for-concrete-2kj80d6a.png Table 2. Common NDT techniques and applications for concrete structures (Ref.: IAEA–TCS–17) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-a-guided-wave-sensor-that-can-perform-wall-3owlsul9.png Figure 16. A guided wave sensor that can perform wall thinning inspection of piping [courtesy of G. M. Light, SwRI]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-drawing-of-a-pec-probe-developed-at-iowa-3t67pkhf.png Figure 2. Schematic drawing of a PEC probe developed at Iowa State University. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-thin-film-array-probe-intelligent-probe-r-developed-1cx0kg6j.png Figure 4. Thin-film array probe (Intelligent Probe®) developed by the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Inc., for inspection of SG tubes in PWR plants. https://scispace.com/papers/task-driven-pca-based-design-optimization-of-wearable-2sx2zwwsaa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-recorded-interactions-tactile-data-was-recorded-during-ky3wpzn5.png Fig. 4. Recorded interactions. Tactile data was recorded during six different interactions between a BioTac sensor and a flat surface. Adapted from [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-results-for-the-3-dof-cutaneous-device-percentage-3nufum90.png Fig. 5. Results for the 3-DoF cutaneous device: percentage error e%,k for the six tactile interactions using k = 1 and k = 2 principal components. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-results-for-the-6-dof-cutaneous-device-percentage-2oido9am.png Fig. 6. Results for the 6-DoF cutaneous device: percentage error e%,k for the six tactile interactions using from k = 1 to k = 5 principal components. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-3-dof-device-is-composed-of-a-static-platform-that-3ryf0rw0.png Fig. 1. The 3-DoF device is composed of a static platform that houses three servo motors and a mobile platform that applies tactile stimuli to the fingertip [3], [6]. By controlling the lengths of the cables connecting the two platforms, the motors can orient and translate the platform in three-dimensional space. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-6-dof-device-is-a-parallel-continuum-manipulator-n76u7vml.png Fig. 2. The 6-DoF device is a parallel continuum manipulator, consisting of six parallel, compliant legs passing through a fixed base platform [10]. The end-effector’s pose can be controlled by independently adjusting the six leg lengths via six motors located above the finger. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-an-example-of-how-our-custom-3-dof-cutaneous-device-2a2bv5on.png Fig. 7. An example of how our custom 3-DoF cutaneous device could be re-designed for the flat interaction using the proposed optimization approach. Radii are in millimeters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-second-example-of-how-our-custom-3-dof-cutaneous-18xgti61.png Fig. 8. A second example of how our custom 3-DoF cutaneous device could be re-designed using the proposed optimization approach. Radii are in millimeters. Red pulleys are designed using information from the first PC, while green pulleys are designed using information from the second PC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-proposed-algorithm-starting-from-a-target-tactile-1ykcxzcb.png Fig. 3. Proposed algorithm. Starting from a target tactile interaction to render and a cutaneous device to optimize, it aims at finding the best number and configuration of motors a new cutaneous device needs to effectively render the target tactile sensations. https://scispace.com/papers/task-mapping-and-priority-assignment-for-soft-real-time-29xna5yjr3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-application-example-27z1i524.png Fig. 7. Application example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-cost-obtained-by-lo-aet-versus-rns-3vbdo79q.png Fig. 12. Cost obtained by LO-AET versus RNS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-approximation-accuracy-352t5nrf.png Fig. 8. Approximation accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-design-space-exploration-algorithm-13rmsf17.png Fig. 5. Design space exploration algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-execution-time-probability-density-2k1gsacf.png Fig. 1. Execution time probability density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-run-times-of-rns-versus-ens-28tnx64l.png Fig. 11. Run times of RNS versus ENS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-motivational-example-29vqyoaj.png Fig. 2. Motivational example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-approximate-analysis-algorithm-2psapw7l.png Fig. 6. Approximate analysis algorithm. https://scispace.com/papers/task-node-mapping-in-an-arbitrary-computer-network-using-smt-57z9kk86oq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-task-graph-left-and-network-right-16hda8b0.png Fig. 1. Example task graph (left) and network (right) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mapping-time-in-seconds-of-different-smt-encodings-z0h5cca4.png Table 1. Mapping time in seconds of different SMT encodings for instances with different numbers of tasks (10 tasks and 15 tasks) and different loads on the network (L - low load, M - medium load, H - high load, around 25, 50, 75 percent of maximum load respectively). # - incorrect mapping, * - suboptimal mapping. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-our-proposed-approach-to-generate-and-verify-the-3jx9oib0.png Fig. 2. Our proposed approach to generate and verify the mapping (in this paper only the mapping generation is discussed, model checking is future work). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mapping-time-for-different-number-of-tasks-with-1nrhx5ad.png Fig. 6. Mapping time for different number of tasks with different objectives. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-autonomous-terrain-based-optical-navigation-aton-3rzwxjuj.png Fig. 4. Autonomous Terrain-based Optical Navigation (ATON) application task graph. Dashed lines show optional messages that are not required to start a task. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-aton-mapping-to-a-four-node-network-with-two-different-2sjnl8u5.png Fig. 5. ATON mapping to a four-node network with two different objectives. The width of lines between the nodes corresponds to the amount of exchanged data. The gray lines show that there is no data transfer between the nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-estimated-periods-of-all-the-tasks-in-a-task-graph-ptwyk291.png Fig. 3. Estimated periods of all the tasks in a task graph https://scispace.com/papers/task-oriented-design-of-concentric-tube-robots-using-4niw6db4l3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-three-mechanically-accurate-simulations-of-the-2izspzkm.png Fig. 3. Three mechanically accurate simulations of the insertion of a 2-tube concentric tube robot through a red twisted torus environment with varying designs and insertion strategies. The robot’s outer tube is pictured in yellow and the inner tube in light blue. The top row shows a robot under design ddom which collides with the environment because it was designed and inserted under the assumption of telescoping dominant stiffness, which does not hold under a mechanically accurate kinematic model of concentric tube robots. When motion planning was applied to this design, a collision-free path through the tube under design ddom could not be found (not pictured). The middle row shows a robot design d∗ computed by our design method, but it is inserted with a sequential insertion strategy which does not require motion planning; when simulated under realistic robot kinematics, the insertion collides with the environment and fails. The bottom row shows a robot of our computed design d∗ successfully navigating the environment without collisions because it combines an accurate kinematic model of concentric tube robots with motion planning to enable collision-free performance of the task. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-overlaid-time-frames-of-a-concentric-tube-robot-as-7f8437hs.png Fig. 2. Two overlaid time frames of a concentric tube robot. As the inner tube is extended past the outer tube, the inner tube interacts with the outer tube’s curvature, causing the entire robot’s shape to change. This illustrates that the tubes cannot necessarily be treated as kinematically independent during the design and control of these robots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sequential-snapshots-of-virtual-simulations-of-two-1d8dt47j.png Fig. 4. Sequential snapshots of virtual simulations of two concentric tube robot motion plans. Both simulations are of one robot design computed by our design method in order to navigate to two specified points in narrow bronchial anatomy without colliding with the bronchial walls. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulation-of-a-single-concentric-tube-robot-reaching-30l7gm17.png Fig. 1. Simulation of a single concentric tube robot reaching two prespecified clinical targets in the bronchial tubes of a human lung. The robot is inserted through a bronchoscope (in cyan) and guided toward the specified targets while avoiding contact with the bronchial tube walls. The three component tubes of the robot are colored green, orange, and yellow. https://scispace.com/papers/task-specific-training-and-job-design-1fgs0l57x2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3syve46v.png Figure 1: https://scispace.com/papers/task-switching-and-cognitively-compatible-guidance-for-4axoa2r8bk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-spatial-distances-from-experiment-1-1ae151zb.png Table 2 Spatial Distances from Experiment 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-switching-distances-between-robots-in-experiment-i-10sr0zc0.png Fig. 3 Switching Distances between robots in Experiment I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mrcs-alarm-condition-with-status-bar-on-left-1gcr5hlo.png Fig. 1. MrCS Alarm condition with status bar on left https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-decision-aid-condition-display-fifo-priority-queue-ie4n4er8.png Fig. 2. Decision aid condition display (FIFO-/Priority-Queue). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-data-from-experiments-i-and-ii-1ghthmej.png Table 1. Summary of Data from Experiments I and II https://scispace.com/papers/task-variety-in-professional-service-work-when-it-helps-and-avrh06tc68 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regression-of-task-variety-on-surgery-duration-with-1z04hp13.png Table 6. Regression of Task Variety on Surgery Duration with Instrumental Variables Approach with Subsample https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-surgeries-performed-by-an-individual-surgeon-over-2fkobeqs.png Table 1. Surgeries performed by an individual surgeon over time (t=t1, t2, t3, t4) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-of-task-variety-on-surgery-duration-for-1z45jhkh.png Table 4. Regression of Task Variety on Surgery Duration for Lead Surgeons with Subsample https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-of-task-variety-on-surgery-duration-with-3fylif9f.png Table 5. Regression of Task Variety on Surgery Duration with Instrumental Variables Approach https://scispace.com/papers/taste-and-smell-words-form-an-affectively-loaded-and-38w7hypf7m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-linear-model-fits-and-95-confidence-intervals-for-3drse5bb.png Figure 4: Linear model fits and 95% confidence intervals for context variability from (a) the Warriner et al. (2013) dataset and (b) the Mohammad (2012) dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-linear-mixed-effects-model-fits-showing-the-279puhm2.png Figure 3: Linear mixed effects model fits showing the relationship between frequency and absolute valence for all five modalities, for (a) the Warriner et al. (2013) norms and (b) the Mohammad (2012) norms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-linear-model-fits-and-95-confidence-intervals-for-a-lorahje3.png Figure 1: Linear model fits and 95% confidence intervals for (a) valence and (b) absolute valence for the Warriner et al. (2013) dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-linear-model-fits-and-95-confidence-intervals-for-a-3mdl0rp9.png Figure 2: Linear model fits and 95% confidence intervals for (a) context valence and (b) absolute context valence for the Warriner et al. (2013) dataset https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-verbs-according-to-the-modality-norms-1igp7101.png Table 1: Examples of verbs according to the modality norms collected for the present study; modality ratings are much more interpretable for high frequency words as shown by “to gabble” and “to peal”, which were misinterpreted to be primarily tactile words (although “gabble” received comparatively strong auditory ratings as well), presumably because their meaning was not known enough to participants https://scispace.com/papers/tat-based-formal-representation-of-medical-guidelines-2sbcfa405n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-imatinib-dose-adjustment-protocol-436sk9mq.png Fig. 2. Imatinib dose adjustment protocol https://scispace.com/papers/tata-binding-protein-recognition-and-bending-of-a-consensus-3djf2ax3uk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-normalized-fluorescence-stopped-flow-kinetics-3jd8k2pn.png Figure 2. Normalized fluorescence stopped flow kinetics curves of hTBP associating with T*AdMLPdpx*F (observed, open circles, and calculated, solid line) compared to the corresponding yTBP reaction (broken line, panel A) and in panel B to the hTBP−AdMLP anisotropy stopped flow kinetics trace (open circles). Shown are the time-dependent changes in the donor fluorescein emission as the T*AdMLPdpx*F population binds to human and yeast TBP, with the time axis interrupted to clarify the differences (panel A). Although both interactions are biphasic, the human protein binds with an initial relatively very fast phase not seen with the yeast protein and reaches completion significantly faster than does yTBP. Additionally, this fast phase accounts for only 10−22% of the total amplitude change observed with hTBP with these conditions, whereas the faster eigenvalue dominates the yTBP reaction, with the corresponding amplitude ranging from 52% to 75% of the overall change. This difference arises because the equilibrium in the first partial hTBP reaction is strongly toward dissociation, overwhelming the contribution of k3 and yielding a much less stable complex than with yTBP. The curves shown for both proteins were obtained using 109 nM protein reacting with 20 nM duplex at 15 °C. The hTBP experiments were conducted identically to those using yTBP except for the presence of 10% glycerol in the hTBP buffer, shown previously to have no effect on yTBP kinetics (22). The yTBP association curve was constructed for identical conditions using previously collected data (18). The hTBP−DNAAdMLP reaction monitored by stopped flow fluorescence anisotropy (open circles, panel B) is compared with the corresponding stopped flow FRET curve (solid line, panel B). The former was obtained using T*AdMLPdpx, with the normalized change in anisotropy (r) equal to (rt − r0)/(r∞ − r0) and is the average of five replicate curves. Both traces are biphasic and show clearly the initial fast phase reflecting hI1 formation. Because the TAMRA emission changes only slightly, the anisotropy change accurately tracks the kinetics of any process yielding a change in rotational correlation time of the labeled oligonucleotide, which in this case is hTBP−DNAAdMLP binding. Replacing the numerator of the above anisotropy expression with (r∞ − rt) shows that the two processes are proceeding in tandem (inset), confirming the concurrence of DNA binding and bending. The average signal/noise at t1/2 was ~86 for the FRET data and ~8 for the anisotropy data; the two curves agree within error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparative-relaxation-kinetics-of-the-tbp-t-murvlvz8.png Figure 3. Comparative relaxation kinetics of the TBP−T*AdMLPdpx*F complex at 20 °C following a challenge with unlabeled duplex for the human (solid line) and yeast (broken line) proteins. The hTBP complex responds to addition of ~1 µM unlabeled DNAAdMLP with monophasic relaxation with R = 0.00417 s−1. In contrast, the yTBP complex yields sharply biphasic decay with R1 = 0.0766 s−1 (11%) and R2 = 0.00154 s−1 (89%), published previously (18, 47). Neither the hTBP nor yTBP (18) complex is sensitive to the concentration of challenge DNA from 1 to 10 µM. The full hTBP relaxation curve from the global analysis (solid line) is shown in the inset together with the raw data (open circles). The reaction went to ~95% completion, and the observed amplitude change was consistent with that from the equilibrium experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparative-t-admlpdpx-f-bending-by-ytbpwt-dotted-xhld89n5.png Figure 6. Comparative T*AdMLPdpx*F bending by yTBPwt (dotted line) and hTBPwt (broken line). Time-resolved FRET provides a rigorous approach to the determination of the structure of TBP−DNATATA complexes in solution, yielding emission decays from which the probability distribution of the 5′TAMRA−3′fluorescein distance can be precisely determined (5, 14-16, 23, 24). Further, the sensitivity of measurements at ~60 Å with this dye pair is such that a 1° change in the bend angle results in a 1% change in the observed emission intensity. A high degree of confidence is thus ascribed to the difference measured for the hTBP and yTBP induced bends, with the latter redetermined herein under identical conditions using yTBP prepared as described (22). yTBP-bound T*AdMLPdpx*F has an R‾ = 52.2 Å with σ = 8.9 Å. Bend angles (α) were obtained from these data using a simple two-kink bending model (5, 14) and the method of moments (24). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-in-vitro-transcription-efficiency-38-is-strongly-1a2nisyf.png Figure 7. In vitro transcription efficiency (38) is strongly correlated with the degree of the TBP-induced bend for both the human and yeast proteins. Experimentally measured bends induced by yTBP in AdMLP (solid square) and the A3, T6, C7, G6, and T5 AdMLP variant TATA sequences (open circles in order from bottom left) have been shown previously to correlate with both in vitro and in vivo transcription activity (5). The high relative transcription activity of hTBP−DNAAdMLP, 172% (38), and the mean hTBP-induced AdMLP bend angle of 97° (solid triangle) extend this trend (R2 = 0.957). The yTBP−DNAAdMLP bend angle was redetermined herein to ensure comparability. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-energetic-progression-of-the-reaction-from-tbp-a56cyboc.png Figure 4. The energetic progression of the reaction from TBP + DNAAdMLP on the left to the most stable binary complex on the right for the human (A) and yeast (B) proteins at 25 °C. Differences in the energetics of the hTBP and yTBP (18) reaction progressions are readily apparent from a graphic representation of ΔH°‡ (solid line) and TΔS°‡ (dashed line). Both reactions are endothermic overall, with ΔH° and ΔS° values for hTBP of 27.8 (23.8, 31.8) kcal mol−1 and 131.3 (118, 145) cal K−1 mol−1 and for yTBP, 13.4 (11.6, 15.2) kcal mol−1 and 81.3 (76.6, 86.6) cal K−1 mol−1 (18). These “overall” values represent the difference between the thermodynamic parameters for the final complex and free TBP + DNA. Because all three conformers are present at equilibrium, the observed change in such parameters is the difference between a weighted average of the three bound species and the corresponding value for the reactants; ΔH° obtained from the van’t Hoff analysis thus differs from the “overall” value shown in the figure [Table 1 (18)]. The modest activation energy of 7 kcal mol−1 required for the first hTBP transition (TBP + DNAAdMLP → I1) differs markedly from that of the yTBP pathway, for which this step presents the largest energetic barrier with ΔH°‡ = 35.1 kcal mol−1. The latter is overcome by a commensurate increase in entropy with ΔS°‡ = 87.8 cal K−1 mol−1, in contrast to the decrease in entropy in the course of hI1 formation with ΔS°‡ = −4 cal K−1 mol−1. In the second partial reaction (I1 → I2) the hTBP transformation repeats its pattern for the first step with a similar entropic gain and enthalpic loss. In contrast, the yTBP partial reaction is strongly exothermic with a decrease in entropy, with ΔH°‡ = 3 kcal mol−1 and ΔS°‡ = −55 cal K−1 mol−1. The result is that, whereas the hI2 conformer is 6.3 kcal mol−1 higher in energy and 27.9 cal K−1 mol−1 higher in entropy than hI1, the corresponding thermodynamic changes in the yTBP reaction are −26 kcal mol−1 and −94 cal K−1 mol−1, respectively. In the final transformation, hI2 surmounts a substantial activation energy to become hTBP−AdMLPfinal, aided by an accompanying increase in entropy, with ΔH°‡ = 25.7 kcal mol−1 and ΔS°‡ = 23.1 cal K−1 mol−1, to achieve the largest energetic changes, with ΔH° and ΔS° values of 17.1 kcal mol−1 and 59.6 cal K−1 mol−1. The final yTBP step is likewise entropically driven as the energetic losses associated with yI2 formation are overcome to form the final complex. The largest partial free energy change for hTBP, −8.7 kcal mol−1, occurs in the initial binding step. hI2 is 2.0 kcal mol−1 lower in free energy than hI1 whereas yI2 is significantly less stable than yI1. The corresponding equilibrium constant is thus 100× larger for the complex incorporating the human protein. Transition states are denoted (‡), and arrows show progressive changes in ΔH°. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimal-rate-constants-and-corresponding-enthalpy-10k5zv6s.png Table 1. Optimal Rate Constants and Corresponding Enthalpy and Entropy Changes for hTBP−DNAAdMLP Partial Reaction Steps in Accord with Equation 2 Together with Relative Quantum Yields for Each of the Three Bound Species https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-mole-fractions-of-the-htbp-and-2j62gw1d.png Figure 5. Comparison of the mole fractions of the hTBP and yTBP species at optimal in vivo temperatures. The timedependent populations of the three TBP−DNAAdMLP species formed during association with the human protein at 37 °C (A) and the yeast protein at 30 °C (B) were simulated using 10 µM DNAAdMLP and 10 µM protein and previously collected yTBP data (18). The species-dependent differences are apparent in the rates of complex formation overall and in the comparative evolution of I1, I2, and the final conformer (F) for each protein. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-donor-fluorescein-emission-in-the-steady-state-a-37h0bhwf.png Figure 1. Donor fluorescein emission in the steady state (A) and resolved in the ns time regime (C, upper curve) for unbound T*AdMLPdpx*F and the corresponding spectra following human TBP binding (B and C, lower curve). The relatively straight and rigid unbound duplex maintains maximum separation of the 3′ FRET donor, fluorescein (F, 518 nm peak), and the 5′ acceptor, TAMRA (T, 578 nm peak). (A) Since the rate of energy transfer from donor to acceptor depends on the inverse sixth power of the distance between these dyes, the intensity of the fluorescein emission peak is high: the excited state fluorescein population relaxes back to the ground state primarily by photon emission rather than by the transfer of energy to the TAMRA population. (B) hTBP binding and bending result in a much decreased interdye distance, greatly increasing the efficiency of energy transfer and thus decreasing the donor emission. We have shown previously that both the labeled duplex and the protein are stable for at least 1 h under our solution conditions with no measurable change in the spectra over that time period (22). (C) The upper decay curve was generated using the free duplex and is the time-resolved counterpart of (A) with a 1.49 ns average donor lifetime. The increased transfer rate following proteininduced bending shortens the lifetime of the observed fluorescein emission (lower curve) to yield the time decay equivalent of (B) and a 0.726 ns average donor lifetime. The protein activity was determined as described to be 26%. https://scispace.com/papers/tau-mediated-iron-export-prevents-ferroptotic-damage-after-15lq3pioma 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-facilitating-iron-export-by-cp-rescues-ischemia-b4rrvmpy.png Figure 3. Facilitating iron export by Cp rescues ischemia–reperfusion injury. (a–c) Long-term effect of Cp treatment following transient MCAO in 3-month-old C57/BL6 mice, measured by rotarod (a), neuroscore (b) and infarct vol (c). n= 6 per group for (a and b). *Po0.05; **Po0.01; ***Po0.001. *Reference is MCAO at matched time point or as indicated. (d) Cp treatment prevented hippocampal neuronal loss in mice with MCAO. Representative images (left) of the hippocampus from Sham-treated, MCAO and Cp post-treated MCAO mice, Nissl-stained 24 h after MCAO/reperfusion, comparing lesioned (L) to unlesioned (UL) hemispheres. Arrows show the region for quantification. Quantifications (right) of loss of neuronal area in CA1 region.. Data are means± s.e.m. ***Po0.001. *Reference is MCAO UL. (f) Hippocampal iron levels following transient MCAO in 3-month-old C57/BL6 mice, 6 h after reperfusion, were elevated compared to sham-lesioned hippocampal tissue, but intraperitoenal Cp treatment at reperfusion suppressed the elevation. Values are normalized to protein. Data are means± s.e.m. *Po0.05; ** Po0.01. *Reference is MCAO. n is indicated in the figure unless stated otherwise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tau-reduction-mediates-iron-related-neuronal-damage-1qdz2dcu.png Figure 5. Tau reduction mediates iron-related neuronal damage in focal transient ischemia. Cp or Lip-1 treatment, given immediately after reperfusion, attenuated final infarct volumes (a) and neurological deficits (b) after transient MCAO in 12-month-old WT and tau-knockout mice, n= 6. Data are means± s.e.m. *Po0.05, **Po0.01, ***/###Po0.001. *Reference is WT MCAO. #Reference is tau-knockout mice MCAO. n is indicated in the figure unless stated otherwise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematic-hypothesis-mcao-suppresses-tau-purple-kf9t319q.png Figure 6. Schematic hypothesis. MCAO suppresses tau (purple stain), which leads to acute iron accumulation (brown dots), and exaggerates infarction (gray) upon reperfusion. When MCAO cannot reduce soluble tau protein (i.e. in 3-month-old tau-knockout mice), iron does not elevate, so the damage associated with reperfusion is more limited. Tau knockout causes brain iron to accumulate markedly after 7 months of age, so MCAO triggers exaggerated infarction in 12-month-old tau-knockout mice than the lesion in 3- month-old mice. Blocking MCAO-induced iron toxicity in 3-monthold WT or 12-month-old tau-knockout mice suppresses infarction to levels seen in 3-month-old tau-knockout mice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-age-dependent-neuroprotection-by-tau-suppression-in-17v97tlf.png Figure 2. Age-dependent neuroprotection by tau suppression in experimental ischemic stroke. (a and b) Progressive neurological deficit and final infarct volumes after transient MCAO/reperfusion in 3-month-old WT and tau-knockout mice. Neurological scoring (higher numbers indicating more severe impairment) was performed at 0, 6 and 24 h after MCAO/reperfusion (a). Representative 2,3,5-tripenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC)-stained serial brain sections of mice 24 h after MCAO/reperfusion, where viable tissue stains red (b, left). Scale bar= 1 cm. Quantification of infarct volume (vol) indicated by TTC staining using Image J (b, right). (c) Hippocampal iron levels in 3-month-old WT and tau-knockout mice 6 h after MCAO/reperfusion, comparing L to UL hemispheres, normalized to protein. (d) Levels of hippocampal soluble tau normalized to β-actin in mice 6 h after MCAO/reperfusion comparing L to UL hemispheres. (e and f) Progressive neurological deficit and final infarct volumes after transient MCAO/reperfusion in 12-month-old WT and tau-knockout mice. Neurological scoring was performed at 0, 6 and 24 h after MCAO/reperfusion (e). Representative TTC-stained serial brain sections of mice 24 h after MCAO/reperfusion (f, left). Scale bar= 1 cm. Quantification of infarct volume (f, right). (g) Hippocampal iron levels in 12-month-old WT and tau-knockout mice, 6 h after MCAO/ reperfusion comparing L to UL hemispheres, normalized to protein. (h) Hippocampal soluble tau normalized to β-actin in mice, 6 h after MCAO/reperfusion comparing L to UL hemispheres. (I and j) Intravenous APPec treatment immediately after reperfusion attenuated progressive neurological deficits (i) and final infarct volumes (j, right) after transient MCAO in 3-month-old C57/BL6 mice. Representative TTCstained serial brain sections of mice 24 h after MCAO/reperfusion are shown in (j, left), scale bar= 1 cm. Data are means± SEM. */#Po0.05, **/@@Po0.01, ***/###/@@@P o0.001. *Reference is WT unlesioned hemisphere (for c, g, k), or WT 0 h post reperfusion (for a, e, i). #Reference is tau-knockout mice 0 h post reperfusion. @Reference is WT mice at matched time point post reperfusion. n is indicated in the figure unless stated otherwise. https://scispace.com/papers/tax-benefit-microsimulation-modelling-in-tanzania-a-2v1nh2b452 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-a-summary-of-benefits-provided-by-napsa-31njyjd5.png Table 4: A summary of benefits provided by NAPSA https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-excise-duties-in-zambia-16ux6lmo.png Table 3: Excise duties in Zambia https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-simulation-feasibility-of-taxes-and-benefits-in-m90osjm7.png Table 6: Simulation feasibility of taxes and benefits in Zambia https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-a-summary-of-non-contributory-benefits-3cql1daw.png Table 5: A summary of non-contributory benefits https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tax-revenue-by-type-2014-32w8wgan.png Table 1: Tax revenue by type, 2014 https://scispace.com/papers/tax-audit-productivity-in-new-york-state-1mqlsfmqvj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-marginal-revenue-and-marginal-cost-1wzifapt.png Figure 2: Marginal Revenue and Marginal Cost https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-marginal-returns-of-the-direct-staff-in-the-audit-2dcn2d32.png Table 1: Marginal returns of the direct staff in the Audit Division https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-organizational-structure-of-office-of-tax-1oegb4zw.png Figure 1. Organizational Structure of Office of Tax Enforcement https://scispace.com/papers/tax-bunching-income-shifting-and-self-employment-5fu46hjwku 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-individuals-with-firm-income-by-industry-and-tax-26z49c2b.png Table 1: Individuals With Firm Income by Industry and Tax Scheme in 2001 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cumulative-distribution-of-taxable-income-1994-2009-245sndk1.png Figure 8: Cumulative Distribution of Taxable Income, 1994-2009 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-income-shifting-at-different-margins-vs-taxable-5t3df8ov.png Figure 9: Income Shifting at Different Margins vs. Taxable Income, 1994-2009 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-distributions-of-income-changes-1rr6s73o.png Figure 14: Distributions of Income Changes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-income-trajectories-for-selected-individuals-1994-rfhtpjw3.png Figure 13: Income trajectories for selected individuals, 1994-2009 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-income-distributions-for-bunching-individuals-2001-3idxvvn3.png Figure 12: Income Distributions for Bunching Individuals, 2001 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-bunching-in-adjusted-earned-income-9mo55xks.png Figure 15: Bunching in Adjusted Earned Income https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-elasticity-estimates-17mpfvyg.png Table 3: Elasticity estimates https://scispace.com/papers/tax-credits-as-an-accounting-technology-of-government-ckpk95faoj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-interviewee-information-1duuu4d2.png Table 1: Interviewee information https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-role-of-accounting-technologies-of-government-166jnrvl.png Figure 1: The role of accounting technologies of government in the subjectification of Tax Credits claimants https://scispace.com/papers/tax-compliance-under-tax-regime-changes-2be210iaab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-tax-regimes-2nmq74yy.png Table 1: Overview of tax regimes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distributional-histograms-of-compliance-18xx8o27.png Figure 4: Distributional histograms of compliance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-probability-distribution-of-income-for-an-economy-4ossfce2.png Figure 1: Probability distribution of income for an economy with 20 individuals https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-driving-forces-behind-tax-compliance-in-period-21-31x2gp3x.png Table 4: Driving forces behind tax compliance in period 21 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tax-compliance-under-the-two-regimes-2846c3yz.png Figure 2: Tax compliance under the two regimes https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-determinants-of-tax-regime-preferences-1enq32ye.png Table 3: Determinants of tax regime preferences https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-driving-forces-behind-tax-compliance-1c85oloh.png Table 2: Driving forces behind tax compliance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effects-of-the-regime-change-wzag5jns.png Figure 3: Effects of the regime change https://scispace.com/papers/tax-incentives-for-higher-education-3mmv61yf2g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-increasing-geographic-integration-of-the-market-3vadyatx.png TABLE 2 The Increasing Geographic Integration of the Market for Baccalaureate College Education https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-maximum-actual-pell-grant-1973-74-to-1998-99-2h7wn29n.png FIGURE 4. Maximum Actual Pell Grant, 1973-74 to 1998-99 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-provisions-related-to-higher-education-in-the-1998-2chkw7ui.png TABLE 1 Provisions Related to Higher Education in the 1998-2002 Budgets https://scispace.com/papers/tax-loss-carryforward-disclosure-and-uncertainty-4ntn70722c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-voluntary-disclosures-3tyasl4m.png Table 4: Voluntary Disclosures https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-selection-years-2005-2010-1vmkpvei.png Table 1: Sample Selection (years 2005-2010) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-disclosure-scale-panel-a-pz87hst2.png Table 2: Disclosure Scale Panel A https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-disclosure-score-per-industry-1pk6a2s8.png Table 6: Disclosure Score per Industry https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-descriptive-statistics-oyky7zee.png Table 5: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-correlation-matrix-17e0i18f.png Table 7: Correlation Matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-regression-estimates-model-i-iii-dependent-variable-27k23yjq.png Table 8: Regression Estimates Model I-III (dependent variable: DISCL) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-regression-estimates-model-iv-vi-dependent-variable-ocx9jt3v.png Table 9: Regression Estimates Model IV-VI (dependent variable: AR_DISCL) https://scispace.com/papers/taxation-and-heterogeneous-preferences-2w85valbmh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-276q2br4.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ne0fyu8y.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/tax-rates-governance-and-the-informal-economy-in-high-income-1jur2qwgr8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-4-changes-in-results-when-increasing-efficiency-to-1v00nv6w.png Table 5.4: Changes in results when increasing efficiency to Austrian standards* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-the-probability-of-getting-caught-as-a-function-1w9p5drv.png Figure 2.1: The probability of getting caught as a function of z https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-informal-economy-and-tax-rates-in-model-1icqyc4c.png Figure 4.1: Informal Economy and Tax Rates in Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-th-chosen-and-governance-quality-113vqaa1.png Figure 4.5: θ chosen and Governance Quality https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-estimation-results-for-establishments-and-vgmgvzbp.png Table 4.2: Estimation Results for Establishments and Employment* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-informal-economy-2001-02-as-of-official-gdp-k0qz0h0a.png Figure 1.1: Informal Economy 2001-02 as % of official GDP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-th-chosen-and-informal-economy-in-model-1de8pu84.png Figure 4.4: θ chosen and Informal Economy in Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-calibration-targets-and-model-values-fanrw5y2.png Table 3.1: Calibration Targets and Model Values https://scispace.com/papers/tax-policy-for-economic-recovery-and-growth-2tcclzhjw7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-effects-of-taxes-on-tfp-3n3v1mx6.png Table 2. Estimated Effects of Taxes on TFP https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-effects-of-corporate-taxes-on-investment-18o26m36.png Table 3. Estimated Effects of Corporate Taxes on Investment: Firm-Level† https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-cross-country-effects-of-the-tax-mix-on-10wjzu7t.png Table 1 Estimated Cross-Country Effects of the Tax Mix on Long-run GDP per Capita† https://scispace.com/papers/taxes-and-quality-a-market-level-analysis-5fg8u2sksr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-directions-of-effects-on-endogenous-variables-from-212e4zss.png Table 1 Directions of effects on endogenous variables from ad valorem and per-unit taxes https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-price-and-quantity-effects-of-ad-valorem-and-per-j6yw1r7h.png Table 6 Price and quantity effects of ad valorem and per litre wine taxes, decomposed into first-, second-, and third-stage effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-quality-effects-of-ad-valorem-and-per-litre-wine-2hpu9hu6.png Table 7 Quality effects of ad valorem and per litre wine taxes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-quality-effects-of-ad-valorem-and-per-unit-taxes-2xvlom4i.png Table 2 Quality effects of ad valorem and per-unit taxes https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-prices-and-quantities-of-australian-wine-1999-jj42jp82.png Table 3 Prices and quantities of Australian wine, 1999 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-tax-revenue-collected-from-ad-valorem-and-per-litre-2rjpcofa.png Table 8 Tax revenue collected from ad valorem and per-litre wine taxes https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameter-values-used-for-model-of-australian-wine-o1w11vq4.png Table 4 Parameter values used for model of Australian wine taxes https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-demand-and-supply-elasticities-used-in-the-model-of-3ea5s72n.png Table 5 Demand and supply elasticities used in the model of Australian wine https://scispace.com/papers/taxes-versus-quotas-for-a-stock-pollutant-ney0fozqmh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-units-of-functions-and-parameters-2rdxzuz9.png Table 1: Units of functions and parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graph-of-2-m-r-when-2-b-hr-b-1i8n27pl.png Figure 1: graph of 2( )m ρ when 2ˆ /b hρ β< − https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-of-g-b-using-the-estimate-b-5-94e-8-1e7ntw8r.png Table 2: Estimates of g/b (Using the estimate b = 5.94E(-8).) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-damage-estimates-in-billions-of-1990-dollars-2lq17lak.png Table 4 Damage Estimates In Billions of 1990 Dollars Resulting from a Doubling of Tons of Carbon in Atmosphere https://scispace.com/papers/taxing-imputed-income-from-owner-occupation-distributional-48k6tih7rm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1ye13o2s.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-vxm6r7o1.png TABLE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1x1unvly.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-y8unlkwp.png FIGURE 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-325byurc.png FIGURE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3gt7ufwx.png FIGURE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2rnnjjri.png FIGURE 2 https://scispace.com/papers/taxing-interest-on-deposits-theoretical-and-empirical-1hoyqdezs3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-a-tax-rate-t-on-the-equilibrium-supply-of-2z80jv93.png Figure 1: Effect of a tax rate t on the equilibrium supply of deposits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-inverse-relation-between-the-optimal-tax-rate-2qbmfgtj.png Figure 3: The inverse relation between the optimal tax rate and the elasticity of supply. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-higher-supply-elasticity-leads-to-a-dramatic-fall-1wcuqhps.png Figure 2: A higher supply elasticity leads to a dramatic fall in deposits (the tax base). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-log-of-total-deposits-in-billions-of-pounds-3d7kydch.png Figure 4: Log of total deposits in billions of pounds. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-interest-income-tax-1l87yjb9.png Table 1: Interest income tax. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-values-for-t-and-t-1fx1x1ad.png Table 4: Summary values for t* and t**. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-first-set-of-regressions-error-correction-and-2g8ggjh2.png Table 2: First set of regressions: Error-correction and cointegration regressions. The dependent variable in the error-correction model is the first-difference of the log of the total amount of deposits in Lebanese pounds. The dependent variable in the cointegration regression is the log of the total amount of deposits in Lebanese pounds. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-second-set-of-regressions-error-correction-and-2yt0t4i7.png Table 3: Second set of regressions: Error-correction and cointegration regressions. The dependent variable in the error-correction model is the first-difference of the log of the total amount of deposits in foreign currency, valued in US dollars. The dependent variable in the cointegration regression is the log of the total amount of deposits in foreign currency, valued in US dollars. https://scispace.com/papers/taxing-the-job-creators-efficient-progressive-taxation-with-167d8lto88 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-optimal-tax-schedule-with-uniform-f-z-log-utility-1afjt05y.png Figure 12: Optimal Tax Schedule with Uniform F (z), Log Utility and Competitive Wages https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-efficient-taxes-with-wage-bargaining-and-uniform-mz20g5cn.png Figure 4: Efficient Taxes with Wage Bargaining and Uniform Distribution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-competitive-wage-and-matching-functions-with-q9je68q0.png Figure 1: Competitive Wage and Matching Functions with Uniform Distribution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-calibrated-skill-density-f-z-with-competitive-wages-22k2pmlz.png Figure 7: Calibrated Skill Density f(z) with Competitive Wages https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-calibrated-skill-density-f-z-with-wage-bargaining-v6en32hc.png Figure 5: Calibrated Skill Density f(z) with Wage Bargaining https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-values-of-r-and-s-for-uniform-f-z-competitive-1i42sy9t.png Figure 13: Values of R and S for Uniform F (z), Competitive Wages, Zero Taxes and G = 0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-optimal-tax-schedule-with-eti-1-log-utility-and-1se6g3hn.png Figure 19: Optimal Tax Schedule with ETI = 1, Log Utility and Wage Bargaining https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-optimal-tax-schedule-with-eti-1-log-utility-and-2xdmeqmn.png Figure 18: Optimal Tax Schedule with ETI = 1, Log Utility and Competitive Wages https://scispace.com/papers/taxonomic-reassessment-of-bats-from-castelnau-s-expedition-65szqz7pqt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-new-genera-described-by-gervais-1856-2u5n0j70.png Table 1: List of new genera described by Gervais (1856) resulting from identifying the Chiroptera in the Castelnau collections; including page number, type species, and current status of generic name according to the recent literature (modified from Simmons, 2005). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dorsal-view-of-the-holotype-of-phyllostoma-phubdpqt.png Figure 1: Dorsal view of the holotype of Phyllostoma angusticeps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ventral-view-of-the-holotype-of-phyllostoma-3tbl1k3w.png Figure 2: Ventral view of the holotype of Phyllostoma angusticeps. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-new-species-described-by-gervais-1856-from-2oji1qjz.png Table 2: List of new species described by Gervais (1856) from the Castelnau collections, the page number where described, and current identification in the recent literature (modified after Simmons, 2005). The types were not located by Carter and Dolan (1978). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-standard-statistics-of-selected-measurements-in-3tg68eh0.png Table 3: Standard statistics of selected measurements, in millimeters, of the holotype of Phyllostoma angusticeps and specimens in the Division of Mammals, USNM, of Lophostoma silvicolum, Phyllostomus discolor, P. elongatus, Tonatia saurophila, and Trachops cirrhosus. https://scispace.com/papers/taxonomic-composition-and-distribution-of-soft-walled-1f0atvswkx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-abundance-of-undescribed-monothalamid-species-the-1uig5lvf.png Table 4. Abundance of undescribed monothalamid species the sampling stations. The names 432 'Allogromiid' and 'Saccamminid' are used in an informal sense. 433 434 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-distribution-of-soft-walled-foraminiferal-20a3jyqq.png Table 3. The distribution of soft-walled foraminiferal morphospecies at the sampling stations. 424 The names 'Allogromiid' and 'Saccamminid' are used in an informal sense. 425 426 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-some-physical-and-chemical-attributes-of-the-bottom-7fzdh2xd.png Table 2. Some physical and chemical attributes of the bottom water at the sampling stations (ND 418 = no data) 419 420 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-locations-and-sediment-characteristics-of-sites-2egqw6jf.png Table 1. Locations and sediment characteristics of sites sampled during the 70th cruise of R/V 411 “Professor Vodyanitsky”. 412 https://scispace.com/papers/taxing-the-market-citizen-fiscal-policy-and-inequality-in-an-2wo9qbmi63 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-total-and-average-taxable-income-per-sex-and-income-2gofkdlp.png TABLE 2 TOTAL AND AVERAGE TAXABLE INCOME PER SEX AND INCOME CLASS, 1996 TAXATION YEAR https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-all-returns-by-income-class-sex-1996-taxation-year-2n4f42ec.png TABLE 1 ALL RETURNS BY INCOME CLASS & SEX, 1996 TAXATION YEAR https://scispace.com/papers/taxonomic-revision-of-daniellia-leguminosae-caesalpinioideae-kbkhjdyhwe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-daniellia-alsteeniana-a-twig-with-leaves-b-2bb6jpf3.png Fig. 3 . Daniellia alsteeniana . a. Twig with leaves. b. Inflorescence. c. Insertion of apical pair of leaflets. d. Insertion of basal pair of leaflets with paired glands. e. Leaflet, abaxial surface. f. Leaflet gland, abaxial surface. g. Flower. h. Sepal seen from exterior. i. Adaxial petal seen from exterior. j. Lateral petal seen from exterior. k. Abaxial petal seen from exterior. l. Flower without perianth. m. Pod. n. Seed. [based on: a, Reitsma 1414 (MA-367516); b, e, f, m, n, Carriso & Mendoça 537 (BM-883762); c, d, Liben 2944 (M-99156); g-l, Devred 1849 (K)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-daniellia-glandulosa-a-twig-with-leaves-b-3j1xq76e.png Fig. 5 . Daniellia glandulosa. a. Twig with leaves. b. Inflorescence. c. Stipule. d. Apical pair of leaflets insertion. e. Insertion of basal pair of leaflets. f. Leaflet, abaxial surface. g. Leaflet gland, abaxial surface. h. Flower. i. Flower without perianth. j. Sepal seen from exterior. k. Adaxial petal seen from exterior. l. Lateral petal seen from exterior. m. Abaxial petal seen from exterior. n. Pod. [based on: Letouzey 9356 (P)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-daniellia-thurifera-a-twig-with-leaves-and-c15vhpsd.png Fig . 15. Daniellia thurifera . a. Twig with leaves and inflorescence. b. Stipule. c. Insertion of basal pair of leaflets. d. Apical pair of leaflets insertion. e. Leaflet, adaxial surface. f. Leaflet glands, abaxial surface. g. Flower. h. Sepal seen from exterior. i. Lateral petal seen from inside. j. Lateral petal seen from exterior. k. Adaxial petal seen from lateral side. l. Abaxial petal seen from exterior. m. Flower without perianth. n. Pod. o. Seed. [based on: a, c-m, W. J. Wilde 625 (WAG-09575); b, n-o, Espirito Santo 2099 (LISC)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-daniellia-oblonga-a-twig-with-leaves-and-inflorescence-10o1dny8.png Fig. 8 . Daniellia oblonga . a. Twig with leaves and inflorescence. b. Stipule. c. Insertion of basal pair of leaflets. c. Leaflet, adaxial surface. e. Leaflet gland, abaxial surface. f. Flower. g. Sepal seen from exterior. h. Lateral petal seen from exterior. i. Adaxial petal seen from exterior. j. Abaxial petal seen from exterior. k. Flower without perianth. l. Pod with seed [based on: a, c, d, e, Mildbraed 10759 (A); b, g–k, Breteler et al. 11046 (WAG-110756); f, Barter 2074 (K); l, Senterre et al. 2214 (BRLU)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-daniellia-pynaertii-a-twig-with-leaves-b-3ldpc314.png Fig. 13 . Daniellia pynaertii . a. Twig with leaves. b. Inflorescence. c. Insertion of basal pair of leaflets. d. Apical pair of leaflets insertion. e. Leaflet, adaxial surface. f. Leaflet gland, abaxial surface. g. Flower. h. Sepal seen from exterior. i. Adaxial petal seen from exterior. j. Lateral petal seen from exterior. k. Abaxial petal seen from exterior. l. Flower without perianth. m. Pod. n. Seed. [Based on: a, c-f, Léonard 1090 (BR); b, g-l, Leemans 220 (K); m-n, David Harris & Fay 938 (MO-3845001)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-distribution-of-daniellia-klainei-circles-d-oblonga-35606h68.png Fig. 7 . Distribution of Daniellia klainei (circles), D. oblonga (triangles) and D. thurifera (squares). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-photographs-of-the-trichome-types-found-in-1o1px1b7.png Fig . 1. SEM photographs of the trichome types found in Daniellia . A. Pedicel of D. pilosa showing: simple and uniseriate trichomes ( Wieringa & van Poll 1462 , WAG-110749). B. Petiolule of D. alsteeniana showing small trichomes surrounded by crystalline deposits ( Reitsma 1414 , MA-367516). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-distribution-of-daniellia-ogea-circles-and-d-soyauxii-1r33nfja.png Fig. 10 . Distribution of Daniellia ogea (circles) and D. soyauxii (squares). https://scispace.com/papers/taxonomy-of-data-prefetching-for-multicore-processors-rj0udewcmo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-pros-and-cons-of-prefetching-mwgqd00o.png Table 1. Summary of the Pros and Cons of Prefetching Strategies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-prefetching-strategies-based-on-the-3do6h9xm.png Table 2. Comparison of Prefetching Strategies Based on the Taxonomy https://scispace.com/papers/taxonomic-status-of-the-senkaku-mole-nesoscaptor-uchidai-43ndm3djep 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-eigenvectors-of-the-principal-component-analysis-pca-1icxy4bj.png Table 3. Eigenvectors of the principal component analysis (PCA) based on 18 morphometric characters of Nesoscaptor uchidai and Mogera insularis. See text for abbreviations used for the measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scatter-plots-of-the-scores-on-the-first-and-second-19lzfp4v.png Fig. 4. Scatter plots of the scores on the first and second principal component axes based on 18 morphometric characters of Nesoscaptor uchidai (U) and Mogera insularis (A-I, see Fig. 1 for localities). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-morphological-comparison-between-nesoscaptor-uchidai-1as1sz6b.png Table 4. Morphological comparison between Nesoscaptor uchidai and Mogera insularis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-showing-the-ryukyu-archipelago-left-the-type-69me2cz7.png Fig. 1. Map showing the Ryukyu Archipelago (left), the type locality (Uotsurijima) of Nesoscaptor uchidai, and the sampling localities of Mogera insularis (right). A, Yangmingshan, Taipei City; B, Tsejen Village, Fuhsing County, Taoyuan Prefecture; C, Kuanwu, Taian County, Miaoli Prefecture; D, Houlung Town, Miaoli Prefecture; E, Miaoli Sanyi Houyenshan Nature Reserve, Miaoli Prefecture; F, Chushan Town, Nantou Prefecture, and Chichi Town, Nantou Prefecture, and Yuchih County, Nantou Prefecture, and Shuili County, Nantou Prefecture; G, Tatachia, Hsinyi County, Nantou Prefecture; H, Neipu County, Pingtung Prefecture; I, Mt. Nanjenshan, Manchou County, Pingtung Prefecture. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-external-measurements-of-nesoscaptor-uchidai-and-3a4askc7.png Table 1. External measurements of Nesoscaptor uchidai and Mogera insularis (mm). Values are given as the means ± SD, followed by the ranges, and sample sizes in M. insularis. See text for abbreviations used for the measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cranial-and-mandibular-measurements-for-nesoscaptor-2df6730w.png Table 2. Cranial and mandibular measurements for Nesoscaptor uchidai and Mogera insularis (mm). Values are given as the means ± SD, followed by the ranges, and sample sizes in M. insularis. See text for abbreviations used for the measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cranial-and-mandibular-measurements-used-in-this-study-24r5m16a.png Fig. 2. Cranial and mandibular measurements used in this study. The abbreviations used for the measurements are described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dorsal-ventral-and-left-lateral-views-of-the-cranium-7z251y70.png Fig. 3. Dorsal, ventral, and left lateral views of the cranium, and lateral and lingual views of the mandible (from top to bottom) of Nesoscaptor uchidai (A, holotype) and Mogera insularis (B, KUZ M2535; and C, KUZ M3362). The bar indicates 10 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/taxonomic-studies-in-the-genus-disperis-orchidaceae-in-xafpkry6gq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-disperis-neilgherrensis-wight-a-habit-tuber-broken-off-3rnzswj6.png Fig. 1. Disperis neilgherrensis Wight. a. Habit (tuber broken off); b. flower in side view; c. flower in front view with lateral sepals removed; d. lip and gynostemium (Larsen FTP 925; reproduced from Seidenfaden, 1969: 102, with the kind permission of the copyright holder). https://scispace.com/papers/tcab1-is-necessary-for-telomerase-assembly-4cofdju913 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-specific-activity-of-telomerase-is-unchanged-in-2jdtmv96.png Figure 5. The specific activity of telomerase is unchanged in the absence of TCAB1. (A-B) Direct telomerase extension assay of telomerase immunopurified from parental (WT) and TCAB1 knock-out (TKO) (A) HeLa and (B) Halo-TERT cell lines. LC1 and LC2, radiolabeled DNA oligonucleotide loading controls. In - Ab samples the TERT antibody was omitted during the immuno-purification. (C) Quantification of telomerase activity in samples from TCAB1 knock-out cells relative to parental controls (n = 4, mean). (D) Specific activity of telomerase purified from TCAB1 knock-out cells relative to parental controls (n = 4, mean). Specific activity was calculated by dividing the relative activity (see Fig. 5C) by the relative amount of TR present in immuno-purified TERT samples (see Fig. 4D). The dashed lines indicate the activity level in telomerase purified from wild-type TCAB1 control cells which was normalized to 1.0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-telomerase-assembly-is-reduced-in-the-absence-of-2g8krlr0.png Figure 4. Telomerase Assembly is reduced in the absence of TCAB1. (A) Western blots analyzing TERT immuno-purification (using a sheep anti-TERT antibody) probed with a rabbit anti-TERT antibody (Abcam) and a TCAB1 antibody. (B) Northern blot of RNA extracted from input and purified TERT samples probed with three radiolabeled DNA oligonucleotides complementary to TR. Standards are in vitro transcribed full-length TR and truncated TR28-324. TR28-324 was added to samples prior to RNA extraction as loading and recovery control. (C) Western blots to analyze immuno-purified telomerase RNP composition. A single membrane was cut into two pieces that were probed with TERT and dyskerin antibodies, respectively. (D-F) Quantification of the amount of (D) TR, (E) dyskerin, and (F) the ratio of TR to TERT in TERT purifications from TCAB1 knock-out cells compared to parental controls (n = 4-5, mean). The dashed lines indicate the level in telomerase purified from wild-type TCAB1 control cells which was normalized to 1.0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tr-is-localized-to-nucleoli-in-tcab1-knock-out-10w6zgsk.png Figure 1. TR is localized to nucleoli in TCAB1 knock-out cells. (A-B) Western blot demonstrating the absence of TCAB1 protein in TCAB1 knock-out cell lines generated from (A) HeLa and (B) HaloTERT parental cell lines (probed with Proteintech TCAB1 antibody). (C) Immuno-fluorescence with anti-dyskerin and anti-TCAB1 antibodies coupled to fluorescence in-situ hybridization with probes against TR, demonstrating the absence of TCAB1 and TR localization to nucleoli in TCAB1 knock-out cells (scale bar = 5 µm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-telomerase-assembly-is-reduced-in-tcab1-knock-out-32wjec89.png Figure 6. Telomerase assembly is reduced in TCAB1 knock-out cells. (A) TERT particle trajectories from control, TCAB1 knock-out, and TR knock-out cells expressing 3xFLAG-HaloTag TERT (JF646, scale bar = 2 µm). (B) Diagram of distinct populations of TERT particles detected in control cells. (C) Diffusion coefficient of the rapidly diffusing TERT population in control, TCAB1 knockout, and TR knock-out cells (3 independent experiments, >15 cells per experiment per cell line, mean ± standard deviation, complete data in Fig. S6D). (D) Fraction of slow plus static TERT particles in control, TCAB1 knock-out, and TR knock-out cells expressing 3xFLAG-HaloTag TERT (3 independent experiments, >15 cells per experiment per cell line, mean ± standard deviation, complete data in Fig. S6D). (D) Model for the regulation of telomerase assembly by TCAB1. In the absence of TCAB1, TR is sequestered in the dense fibrillar component (DFC) of the nucleolus, which is separated from the nucleoplasm by the granular component (GC) of the nucleolus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tert-is-excluded-from-nucleoli-in-control-and-tcab1-n1cku96b.png Figure 2. TERT is excluded from nucleoli in control and TCAB1 knock-out cells. (A) Maximum intensity projections of 2000 frames of 3xFLAG-HaloTag (JF646) TERT movies (bottom), demonstrating that the TERT signal does not overlap with the nucleolus detected as circular shape in the transmitted light image in control and TCAB1 knock-out cells (top, red dashed line, scale bar = 2 µm). (B) TERT particle trajectories from the cells shown in Fig. 2A, demonstrating that TERT molecules move parallel to or away from the nucleolus when located at the interface between the nucleolus and nucleoplasm. https://scispace.com/papers/taylor-model-flowpipe-construction-for-non-linear-hybrid-3q5p2loale 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-the-domain-contraction-method-3o5x7al3.png Fig. 2. Illustration of the domain contraction method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-domain-contraction-for-guard-sets-1o728wkm.png Fig. 3. Domain contraction for guard sets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-flowpipes-constructed-for-the-glycemic-control-schemes-2gur2bcy.png Fig. 4. Flowpipes constructed for the glycemic control schemes of (left) Furler et al. [16] and (right) Fisher [17]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-computation-of-4-order-approximation-to-flow-map-3jj269sm.png TABLE I THE COMPUTATION OF 4-ORDER APPROXIMATION TO FLOW MAP BY PICARD ITERATION. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-experimental-results-over-some-benchmark-systems-3uqo24wv.png TABLE II EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OVER SOME BENCHMARK SYSTEMS. LEGEND − DEG: DEGREE OF THE DYNAMICS, LOC: NUMBER OF LOCATIONS, VAR: NUMBER OF VARIABLES, δ: TIME STEP, T: TIME HORIZON, ORD: ORDER OF THE TMS, T.T.: TOTAL TIME (S), T.I.: TIME OF COMPUTING INTERSECTIONS (S), MEM: MEMORY USED (MB), D.C.: DOMAIN CONTRACTION, R.M.: RANGE OVER-APPROXIMATION METHOD, Z: ZONOTOPES, S.F.: SUPPORT FUNCTIONS, EXC: THREW AN EXCEPTION, NR: CANNOT FIND A PROPER REMAINDER. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-hybrid-automaton-of-the-vehicle-model-1b3eiynf.png Fig. 5. Hybrid automaton of the vehicle model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-flowpipe-constructed-for-the-vehicle-model-34u7r6be.png Fig. 6. Flowpipe constructed for the vehicle model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-taylor-model-flowpipes-for-the-van-der-pol-oscillator-3mucf2vo.png Fig. 1. Taylor model flowpipes for the Van-der-Pol Oscillator. https://scispace.com/papers/tcf7l1-and-tcf7-differentially-regulate-specific-mouse-es-42fzftibqg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-id3-activation-is-mediated-by-conversion-of-tcf7l1-1ukmsbqr.png Fig. 6. Id3 activation is mediated by conversion of TCF7L1 into a transcriptional activator in the presence of CHIR.(A) Genomic tracks showing 3xFLAG-TCF7 (blue) and 3xFLAG-TCF7L1 (red) peaks at Id3 in mESCs cultured in standard medium containing LIF and serum (light shade) or treated with 5 µM CHIR for 14 h (dark shade). Pooled control and CHIR input peaks are in grey and dark grey, respectively. Genomic positions reflect NCBI mouse genome build mm10. (B) qRT-PCR analyses of relative Id3 transcript levels in WT, QKO, QT7 and QT7L1 cells treated with 10 µM CHIR or DMSO control for 48 h. Bars = mean of three independent experiments ±SEM, normalized to vehicle-treated WT cells. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-characterization-of-3xflag-tcf7-and-3xflag-tcf7l1-mesc-20n07d9t.png Fig. 1. Characterization of 3xFLAG-TCF7 and 3xFLAG-TCF7L1 mESC lines (A) Western blot analyses of 3xFLAG-TCF7 and 3xFLAG-TCF7L1 protein expression in cells maintained 48h in medium with or without LIF supplementation. Lysates were probed with antibodies against TCF7L1, TCF7, FLAG and β-Tubulin, as indicated. (B) Quantitative ChIP results obtained by using a FLAG antibody with chromatin isolated from WT, 3xFLAG-TCF7L1 and 3xFLAG-TCF7 mESCs, cultured in standard medium containing 15%FBS and LIF, for 48 h. Percent input was calculated for regions bound by TCF/LEFs in Axin2 and Cdx1 genes, as well as a negative control locus 11kb upstream of Axin2. Bars represent the mean of three independent experiments ±SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-characterization-of-genomic-regions-bound-by-3xflag-1razjyl9.png Fig. 4. Characterization of genomic regions bound by 3xFLAG-TCF7L1 or 3xFLAG-TCF7 in mESCs. (A) TOP: Genomic distribution of 3xFLAG-TCF7L1 ChIP-seq peaks for mESCs maintained in standard medium (LIF and serum) or medium supplemented with 5µM CHIR for 14h. Gene: exon or intron. Proximal: 2kb upstream of a transcriptional start site (TSS). Distal: between 10kb upstream and 2kb upstream of a TSS. 5d: between 100kb upstream and 10kb upstream of a TSS. Gene desert: 100kb upstream or downstream of a TSS. Other: anything not included above. MID: Enriched motifs from a de novo motif search of sequences contained in 3xFLAG-TCF7L1 peaks in control and CHIR conditions. BOT: Gene ontology analysis of 3xFLAG-TCF7L1 ChIP-seq peaks in control and CHIR conditions. Values are presented as negative log-base 10 of their p-values. (B) TOP: Genomic distribution of 3xFLAG-TCF7 ChIP-seq peaks in control and CHIR conditions. Gene: exon or intron. Proximal: 2kb upstream of a TSS. Distal: between 10kb upstream and 2kb upstream of a TSS. 5d: between 100kb upstream and 10kb upstream of a TSS. Gene desert: 100kb upstream or downstream of a TSS. Other: anything not included above. MID: Enriched motifs from a de novo motif search of sequences contained in 3xFLAG-TCF7 peaks in control and CHIR conditions. BOT: Gene ontology analysis of 3xFLAG-TCF7 ChIP-seq peaks in control and CHIR conditions. Values are presented as negative log-base 10 of their p-values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-neither-tcf7l1-nor-tcf7-expression-inversely-correlate-3epv4141.png Fig. 2. Neither TCF7L1 nor TCF7 expression inversely correlate with NANOG levels in self-renewing and differentiating mESCs. (A) Representative intracellular flow cytometric analysis of NANOG and FLAG levels in WT, 3xFLAG- TCF7L1 and 3xFLAG-TCF7 mESCs cultured in medium containing LIF (Day 0) and then differentiated in the absence of LIF (Day 1-3), as indicated. (B) Graph of the proportion of single-positive (FLAG- NANOG+) and double-positive (FLAG+ NANOG+) cells. Bars represent the mean of three independent experiments ±SEM. (C) Graph of the median fluorescence intensity of NANOG in single-positive (FLAG- NANOG+) and double-positive (FLAG+ NANOG+) cells. Bars represent the mean of three independent experiments ±SEM. (D) Immunofluorescence analysis of WT, 3xFLAG-TCF7L1 and 3xFLAG-TCF7 mESCs, cultured in medium containing LIF (Day 0) and then differentiated in the absence of LIF (Day 1-3), as indicated. Cells were stained for NANOG, FLAG and DAPI. Scale bar represents 50 µm. White arrows indicate cells with high levels of FLAG and NANOG. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-3xflag-tcf7l1-and-3xflag-tcf7-exhibit-differential-23gzp5od.png Fig. 5. 3xFLAG-TCF7L1 and 3xFLAG-TCF7 exhibit differential occupancy at Wnt target and pluripotency-associated genes.. (A) Target genes preferentially bound by 3xFLAG-TCF7L1 (LEFT) or 3xFLAG-TCF7 (RIGHT) in control and CHIR conditions. Differential binding was determined using CSAW with a cutoff of 0.05. (B) Target genes preferentially bound by 3xFLAG-TCF7 versus 3xFLAG-TCF7L1, in mESCs cultured control (LEFT) or CHIR conditions (RIGHT). Differential binding was determined by using CSAW with a cutoff of 0.05. (C) Genomic tracks showing 3xFLAG-TCF7 (blue) and 3xFLAG-TCF7L1 (red) peaks at selected Wnt-associated genes in mESCs cultured in control medium (light shade) or CHIR-containing medium (dark shade). Pooled control and CHIR input peaks are in grey and dark grey, respectively. Genomic positions reflect NCBI mouse genome build mm10. (D) Genomic tracks showing 3xFLAG-TCF7 (blue) and 3xFLAG-TCF7L1 (red) peaks at selected pluripotency-associated genes in mESCs cultured control (light shade) or CHIR conditions (dark shade). Genomic tracks showing pooled control and CHIR input peaks are in grey and dark grey, respectively. Genomic positions reflect NCBI mouse genome build mm10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-gsk-3-inhibition-promotes-association-of-b-catenin-3cc7k3ju.png Fig. 3. GSK-3 inhibition promotes association of β-catenin with 3xFLAG-TCF7 and 3xFLAG-TCF7L1 (A) Flow cytometric analysis of WT mESCs transduced with a GFP-based TCF-reporter cultured in standard LIF-supplemented medium and treated with 5 µM CHIR every 2 h for 18 h, as indicated. (B) Western blot analysis of WT, 3xFLAG-TCF7L1 and 3xFLAG-TCF7 mESCs, cultured in standard LIF-supplemented medium and treated with 5 µM CHIR or DMSO control for 14 h. Lysates were probed with antibodies against TCF7L1, TCF7, FLAG and β-Tubulin, as indicated. (C) Immunofluorescence analysis of WT, 3xFLAG-TCF7L1 and 3xFLAG-TCF7 mESCs, cultured in standard LIF-supplemented medium and treated with 5 µM CHIR or DMSO control for 14 h. Cells were stained for β-catenin, FLAG and DAPI. Scale bar represents 20 µm. White arrows indicate cells with elevated levels of FLAG and nuclear localization of β-catenin. (D) Co-immunoprecipitation analysis of WT, 3xFLAG- TCF7L1 and 3xFLAG-TCF7 mESCs, cultured in standard LIF-supplemented medium and treated with 5 µM CHIR or DMSO control for 14h. Lysates were immunoprecipitated using β-catenin antibody and were probed with antibodies against β-catenin and FLAG, as indicated. (E) Quantitative ChIP using the FLAG antibody on WT, 3xFLAG-TCF7L1 and 3xFLAG-TCF7 mESCs, cultured in standard LIF-supplemented medium and treated with 5 µM CHIR or DMSO control for 14 h. Percent input was calculated for WREs in Axin2 and Cdx1, as well as a negative control locus 11kb upstream of Axin2. Bars represent the mean of three independent experiments ±SEM. https://scispace.com/papers/tcp-jersey-for-wireless-ip-communications-21cuu84e8h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-goodput-simulation-environment-7zar5u1h.png Fig. 10. Goodput simulation environment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-pseudocode-of-the-abe-algorithm-1efyuevy.png Fig. 6. Pseudocode of the ABE algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pseudocode-of-tcp-jerseys-sender-receiving-procedure-f3x9aly3.png Fig. 7. Pseudocode of TCP-Jersey’s sender receiving procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-of-goodput-with-tcp-tahoe-reno-westwood-77m02sok.png Fig. 11. Comparison of goodput with TCP-Tahoe, -Reno, -Westwood, and -Jersey without presence of congestion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-flowchart-of-tcp-jersey-senders-response-to-dupack-1g6zu5k0.png Fig. 8. Flowchart of TCP-Jersey sender’s response to DUPACK. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-flowchart-of-tcp-jersey-senders-response-to-ack-2j0ukxue.png Fig. 9. Flowchart of TCP-Jersey sender’s response to ACK. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-marking-function-of-ecn-21no4w6d.png Fig. 1. Marking function of ECN. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-fairness-comparison-1kgfq6jk.png TABLE I FAIRNESS COMPARISON https://scispace.com/papers/td-fnirs-for-diagnosing-glaucoma-a-clinical-pilot-study-oigwc6obzg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-visual-cortex-activations-for-all-the-2lze8x4k.png Table 1. List of visual cortex activations for all the subjects based on p-value analysis. “YES”: activated; “NO”: not activated. “EYE”: R=the subject is watching with the right eye; L=the subject is watching with the left eye. “Hemisphere”: R=right; L= left. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-courses-of-ohb-red-and-hhb-blue-thin-lines-in-1135qfxx.png Figure 1. Time courses of OHB (red) and HHB (blue), thin lines. In grey the periods with the visual stimulus. The thick lines are the fit with the HRF. (a) Control subject. (b) Glaucoma patient. https://scispace.com/papers/tcm-ttcm-bicm-and-iterative-bicm-assisted-ofdm-based-digital-2xf0f1wcr6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-block-diagram-of-the-di-erent-coded-modulation-3bh4q04b.png Figure 1: Block diagram of the di erent coded modulation systems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-ofdm-module-12-1ey7onea.png Table 1: Parameters of the OFDM module [12]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-the-cc-n-k-k-convolutional-inner-3s7nkn9c.png Table 2: Parameters of the CC(n; k;K) convolutional inner encoder of the DVB terrestrial modem [12]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-the-tcm-and-ttcm-constituent-codes-3tg515bc.png Table 3: Summary of the TCM and TTCM constituent codes proposed by Ungerboeck [2] as well as Robertson and W orz [6], where m refers to the number of coded information bits. The code generator polynomial, H i, is presented in octal format. The `*' symbol refers to Ungerboeck's code. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-performance-of-the-rate-1-2-tcm-bicm-bicm-id-and-8b9qikv7.png Figure 3: Performance of the rate 1/2 TCM, BICM, BICM-ID and DVB-T convolutional coding schemes having a di erent decoding complexity over the wideband fading channel of Figure 2. All schemes have a useful throughput of 1 bit/s/Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cost-207-hilly-terrain-ht-type-impulse-response-17-2vln7m0w.png Figure 2: COST 207 Hilly Terrain (HT) type impulse response [17]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-performance-of-rate-2-3-tcm-in-comparison-to-the-2clf0740.png Figure 4: Performance of rate 2/3 TCM in comparison to the rate 1/2 and 3/4 DVB-T convolutional codes exhibiting di erent decoding complexity for transmissions over the wideband fading channel of Figure 2. The coded modulation scheme has throughput of 2 bits/s/Hz. The DVB scheme employing rate 1/2 convolutional code and QPSK modulation has throughput of 1 bit/s/Hz, while the rate 3/4 inner code case has throughput of 1.5 bit/s/Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-performance-of-rate-2-3-bicm-and-bicm-id-in-40g72cdz.png Figure 5: Performance of rate 2/3 BICM and BICM-ID in comparison to the rates 1/2 and 3/4 DVB-T convolutional codes exhibiting di erent decoding complexity for transmissions over the wideband fading channel of Figure 2. The coded modulation scheme has throughput of 2 bits/s/Hz. The DVB scheme employing rate 1/2 convolutional code and QPSK modulation has throughput of 1 bit/s/Hz, while the rate 3/4 inner code case has throughput of 1.5 bit/s/Hz. https://scispace.com/papers/tddft-study-of-the-optical-absorption-spectra-of-bare-and-34zbr572oi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-calculated-electron-density-of-the-cuboctahedral-3a97vjlw.png Figure 4: Calculated electron density of the cuboctahedral Au55(PH3)12Cl6 with the electron density of the bare Au55 subtracted. The scale of the shift in electron density is in electrons per Å3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-calculated-electron-density-of-the-cuboctahedral-20ueqmtk.png Figure 5: Calculated electron density of the cuboctahedral Au55 with various net charges with the electron density of the neutral Au55 subtracted. The scale of the shift in electron density is in electrons per Å3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-calculated-electron-density-of-the-icosahedral-au55-2jkjbxhw.png Figure 3: Calculated electron density of the icosahedral Au55 with various net charges with the electron density of the neutral Au55 subtracted. The scale of the shift in electron density is in electrons per Å3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-calculated-electron-density-of-the-icosahedral-au55-2qss06ej.png Figure 2: Calculated electron density of the icosahedral Au55(PH3)12Cl6 with the electron density of the bare Au55 subtracted. The scale of the shift in electron density is in electrons per Å3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-electron-energy-levels-and-occupations-around-the-2wa92o33.png Table 1: Electron energy levels and occupations around the Fermi level of the bare, neutral Au55 structures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-absorption-spectrum-of-the-bare-and-coated-a-ajio5fcg.png Figure 6: Absorption spectrum of the bare and coated A) cuboctahedral Au55 and B) icosahedral Au55 and the C) Au69 clusters. Absorption cross section is in arbitrary units. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structures-simulated-in-this-work-the-left-ahnd-2eng7dpq.png Figure 1: Structures simulated in this work. The left ahnd column shows the bare clusters, whilst the right hand column shows the coated clusters. Starting from the top, the icosahedral Au55, cuboctahedral Au55, Au69 clusters. Gold atoms are yellow, the Phosphorous atoms are orange, the Hydrogen atoms are shown as white and the Chlorine atoms are green. https://scispace.com/papers/tds-evaluation-of-the-hydrogen-trapping-capacity-of-nbc-kym4bo9l6f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tds-spectrum-of-the-co80-2-material-after-29s5fxri.png Figure 5: TDS spectrum of the CO80-2 material after electrochemical charging, heating rate 6.66 °C/h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bright-field-stem-image-of-co80-h2-thin-foil-2lv6nywo.png Figure 6: Bright field STEM image of CO80-H2 thin foil. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-composition-of-the-material-used-weight-3ekicfb4.png Table 1: Chemical composition of the material used (weight percent). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-tds-spectrum-of-the-co80-h2-material-heating-rate-6-2lh7yq61.png Figure 7: TDS spectrum of the CO80-H2 material, heating rate 6.66 °C/h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-temperature-time-graphs-and-optical-microscope-3irp56tl.png Figure 1: Temperature-time graphs and optical microscope pictures of the three materials used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bright-field-stem-image-of-co80-1-thin-foil-3b7fdtyk.png Figure 2: Bright field STEM image of CO80-1 thin foil. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bright-field-stem-image-of-co80-2-thin-foil-ecv58f85.png Figure 4: Bright field STEM image of CO80-2 thin foil. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tds-spectrum-of-the-co80-1-material-after-3ms18ihl.png Figure 3: TDS spectrum of the CO80-1 material after electrochemical charging, heating rate 6.66 °C/h. https://scispace.com/papers/tdm-emulation-in-packet-switched-networks-22j5ocrjbe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-user-requests-xi-mapped-to-service-tiers-zj-which-are-nbzw47a0.png Fig. 1. User requests xi mapped to service tiers zj which are multiples of r https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-blocking-probability-against-the-arrival-rate-n-100-3ee6ju4q.png Fig. 8. Blocking probability against the arrival rate, n = 100, 000, p = 30, B = 0.05, uniform distribution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-blocking-probability-against-the-arrival-rate-n-100-36wgu1nv.png Fig. 9. Blocking probability against the arrival rate, n = 100, 000, B = 0.05, uniform distribution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-objective-function-value-against-r-n-1000-p-10-b-0-01-2w5dv8c8.png Fig. 2. Objective function value against r, n = 1000, p = 10, B = 0.01, demand points generated from a uniform distribution in (0, 1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-formulae-for-the-pdf-and-cdf-of-the-input-2ml7lhcz.png TABLE I FORMULAE FOR THE PDF AND CDF OF THE INPUT DISTRIBUTIONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-algorithm-comparison-n-100-p-5-b-0-05-increasing-3ea9jry7.png Fig. 4. Algorithm comparison, n = 100, p = 5, B = 0.05, increasing distribution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-algorithm-comparison-n-100-p-5-b-0-05-triangle-1pnx8na2.png Fig. 5. Algorithm comparison, n = 100, p = 5, B = 0.05, triangle distribution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-objective-function-value-against-r-n-1000-p-15-b-0-05-1ebqyfjj.png Fig. 3. Objective function value against r, n = 1000, p = 15, B = 0.05, triangle distribution https://scispace.com/papers/te-based-chalcogenide-films-with-high-thermal-stability-for-2u93ubonmd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-plots-of-ahv-1-2-vs-hv-for-the-as-deposited-and-the-2isjkz9y.png FIG. 4. Plots of (ahv)1/2 vs hv for the as-deposited and the 200 C-annealed (a) In1.4Bi37.5Te61.1, (b) In2.8Bi36.6Te60.6 films; up-left inset figure is Vis-IR transmission spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-temperature-dependent-sheet-resistance-rs-for-the-200-1qudrqj3.png FIG. 5. Temperature-dependent sheet resistance (Rs) for the 200-nm-thick Te-based films; all of the points represent the average values of three measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plots-of-ahv-1-2-vs-hv-for-some-te-based-films-up-left-z0umr3ub.png FIG. 3. Plots of (ahv)1/2 vs hv for some Te-based films; up-left inset figure is Vis-IR transmission spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-xrd-pattern-of-the-200-nm-thick-a-bi2te3-b-in1-4bi37-2fw3wjrp.png FIG. 2. XRD pattern of the 200-nm-thick (a) Bi2Te3, (b) In1.4Bi37.5Te61.1, and (c) In2.8Bi36.6Te60.6 films as a function of the annealing temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/teacher-professional-development-to-support-teacher-3p5o5am50v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-initiative-design-and-impact-25gy5q3a.png Figure 3. Initiative design and impact. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-systemic-factors-to-support-teacher-change-1ep7l6u9.png Figure 5. Systemic Factors to support teacher change. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-teacher-agency-rszk5c92.png Figure 4. Teacher agency. https://scispace.com/papers/teacher-turnover-examining-exit-attrition-teaching-area-4p0siijkhi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-annual-percentage-ofpublic-school-teachers-who-left-21pq24vm.png FIGURE 1 Annual Percentage ofPublic School Teachers Who Left Teaching Employment in Special Education and General Education, by School Year https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-annual-percentage-ofpublic-school-teachers-in-27gq2hlw.png FIGURE 4 Annual Percentage ofPublic School Teachers in Special Education and General Education Who Transferred to One ofEleven Teaching Areas, by School Year https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-school-destinations-ofmigrating-public-school-2am9ipe4.png TABLE 3 School Destinations ofMigrating Public School Teachers Nationally by Teaching Fieldfor Three School Years Combined 0991-1992,1994-1995, and 2000-2001) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-annual-total-turnover-ofpublic-school-teachers-in-2lqsmopi.png FIGURE 9 Annual Total Turnover ofPublic School Teachers in Special and General Education (Attrition, Teaching Area Transfer, and School Migration Combined) Based on Unduplicated Counts ofTeachers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-annual-percentage-ofpublic-school-teachers-in-3o58mocd.png FIGURE 8 Annual Percentage ofPublic School Teachers in Special and General Education Who Migrated to a Different School, by Years ofTeaching Experience https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-annual-percentage-ofpublic-school-teachers-in-2kt4nlsb.png FIGURE 7 Annual Percentage ofPublic School Teachers in Special and General Education Who Migrated to a Different School, by School Year https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-annual-corporate-attrition-percentage-for-public-3fclqslr.png FIGURE 3 Annual Corporate Attrition Percentage fOr Public School Teachers in Special and General Education in Comparison With Other Occupation Fields https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-turnover-components-for-public-school-teachers-39gsz7cj.png TABLE 4 Turnover Components for Public School Teachers Nationally by Teaching Fieldfor Three School Years Combined (1991-1992, 1994-1995, and 2000-2001) https://scispace.com/papers/teacher-provision-of-opportunities-for-learners-to-develop-3wugn0yr9m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-language-knowledge-application-of-am-and-pm-on-the-3mvf7jkt.png Table 4. Language Knowledge: Application of AM and PM on the three programme components. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-of-one-teachers-application-of-instructed-7s4bisxw.png Table 1. Example of one teacher’s application of instructed second language learning principles (Ellis, 2005). https://scispace.com/papers/teachers-as-health-promoters-factors-that-influence-early-3udk5grrzu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-seeking-information-and-influencing-pshee-1q11dzv1.png Table 3 Seeking information and influencing PSHEe https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-influences-on-teachers-2xekcgdn.png Table 5 Influences on teachers https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-influence-of-training-2ick2ito.png Table 2 Influence of training https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-research-phases-and-data-collection-xq9s0rdt.png Table 1 Research phases and data collection https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-unstandardised-and-standardised-coefficients-from-fd37yvja.png Table 6 Unstandardised and standardised coefficients from the multiple regression analysis https://scispace.com/papers/teachers-attitudes-toward-teaching-integrated-stem-the-3j64ojdyzj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-social-cognitive-theory-by-bandura-1986-13o1bgp0.png Fig. 1 Social cognitive theory by Bandura (1986) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-the-sample-of-participants-23snunfv.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the sample of participants https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-framework-for-teachers-attitudes-toward-teaching-3vw91d9o.png Fig. 2 Framework for teachers’ attitudes toward teaching integrated STEM https://scispace.com/papers/teaching-biological-physics-gxq6cobbl9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-experiments-at-several-length-scales-are-the-26new56h.png Figure 3. Experiments at several length scales are the cornerstone of an interdisciplinary laboratory course for gradu- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mechanical-analogies-can-illuminate-physical-ideas-309zvuj5.png Figure 1. Mechanical analogies can illuminate physical ideas sometimes hidden in a mass of molecular details. Naively, it would seem that thermal kicks would drive the ratchet in (a) to the right and do work against a load f. Once the students have worked through the microscopic details of why it doesn’t work, they are ready to study the modified ratchet in (b), where a mechanism releases each pawl only after it emerges on the right side of the wall. The device may seem fanciful, but it contains the essence of an idea currently believed to underlie real molecular motors. (Adapted from P. Nelson, ref. 4; used with permission of the publisher.) https://scispace.com/papers/teaching-children-road-safety-using-a-simulated-environment-4umg7n2qks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-screenshot-of-the-city-map-as-seen-by-players-when-2206o167.png Figure 1. Screenshot of the city map, as seen by players when holding the iPad parallel to the floor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-screenshot-of-the-city-from-the-player-s-viewpoint-1h5wdq0o.png Figure 2. Screenshot of the city from the player's viewpoint, when holding the iPad up vertically in front of them. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-final-level-achieved-by-participants-1b8kh3x8.png Table 2 Final Level Achieved by Participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-errors-count-and-time-data-for-first-attempt-and-ig03r4mj.png Table 1 Errors (count) and Time Data for First Attempt and Final Attempt https://scispace.com/papers/teaching-communication-technologies-and-standards-for-the-1d5fh8em1d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-ietf-6tisch-protocol-stack-composed-of-ieee-802-15-3m1ebw3k.png Fig. 1. The IETF 6TiSCH protocol stack, composed of IEEE 802.15.4, IETF 6P, 6LoWPAN, RPL and CoAP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-linear-technologys-smartmesh-ip-starter-kit-allows-3hotjn99.png Fig. 3. Linear Technology’s SmartMesh IP starter kit allows students to experiment with the market leading low-power wireless IIoT solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-openmote-platform-with-the-openusb-carrier-board-11l4nf0d.png Fig. 2. The OpenMote platform with the OpenUSB carrier board. The OpenUSB contains various sensors (temperature, relative humidity, light, 3- axis acceleration) and allows a user to reprogram it over USB. https://scispace.com/papers/teaching-for-better-learning-a-blended-learning-pilot-3klgufsga9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-student-generated-lecture-content-1ab6ghsr.png Table 2. Student-generated lecture content https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-the-learning-sequence-for-case-study-1-2d7xcfm9.png Figure 1. Example of the learning sequence for case study 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reasons-for-attendance-at-lectures-and-tutorials-15bdlzv6.png Figure 3. Reasons for attendance at lectures and tutorials https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-grading-criteria-for-tutorials-2mspvhow.png Table 1. Grading criteria for tutorials https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-geog-10030-module-results-in-2005-2006-370qh3gp.png Figure 4. GEOG 10030 module results in 2005/2006 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-geog-10030-module-results-in-2006-2007-bnndxxlg.png Figure 5. GEOG 10030 module results in 2006/2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-participation-in-geog-10030-compared-with-other-2dotlqqw.png Table 3. Participation in GEOG 10030 compared with other geography modules https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-student-material-produced-in-tutorials-and-2buqwswt.png Figure 2. Student material produced in tutorials and incorporated into lectures https://scispace.com/papers/teaching-organizational-behavior-in-the-bachelor-of-tourism-4hp5f0z3ck 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-students-opinions-about-the-specific-cases-belonging-2hqi5ofc.png Table 3 Students' opinions about the specific cases belonging to the case study method applied: means (M), standard deviations (SD) and % of the sample who agreed or totally agreed (% agreed). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-students-pinions-about-the-practical-part-of-the-272gzju1.png Table 2 Students' pinions about the practical part of the course: means (M), standard deviations (SD) and % of the sample who agreed or totally agreed (% agreed). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-used-assignments-for-the-case-study-method-dm1cp94h.png Table 1 Used assignments for the case study method intervention. Sessions with their corresponding assignments, course content topic, published reference and brief explanation of the purpose of the activity. https://scispace.com/papers/teaching-methodologies-for-improving-dental-students-30cgjl93mb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-mantel-haenszel-row-mean-score-for-the-case-and-13yrzihm.png Table 3.1 Mantel-Haenszel Row Mean Score for the Case and Control Groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multivariate-glm-performed-to-the-bivariate-analysis-feoyo7ou.png Table 4 Multivariate GLM Performed to the Bivariate Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2-picture-rubric-utilized-for-evaluation-v39qkuwx.png Table 1.2 Picture Rubric Utilized for Evaluation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-bivariate-unpaired-t-test-for-composite-scores-3nx4x5aw.png Table 3.2 Bivariate Unpaired T-test for Composite Scores https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-box-plot-for-composite-scores-of-ergonomic-13qybbyo.png Figure 1 Box Plot for Composite Scores of Ergonomic Compliance https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-demographic-information-survey-name-please-respond-16lv3n8w.png Table 2.1 Demographic Information Survey Name: ____________________________ Please respond to this brief demographic questionnaire with a check mark. You may decline to respond to any question. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-scores-of-ergonomic-compliance-of-the-case-and-jza3yw5c.png Table 5 Mean Scores of Ergonomic Compliance of the Case and Control Group https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-demographics-ndyb4l5c.png Table 2.2 Demographics https://scispace.com/papers/teaching-the-relation-between-solar-cell-efficiency-and-3nfh32demx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-performance-parameters-as-a-function-of-irradiance-32hoc5hk.png Figure 3. Performance parameters as a function of irradiance, derived from the data in figure 2. The dotted line illustrates a single logarithmic dependence of the open-circuit voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-i-v-characteristics-of-a-15-x-15-cm2-solar-cell-3vc6py4u.png Figure 2. I–V characteristics of a 15 × 15 cm2 solar cell measured at various irradiance values, i.e, 2.69, 18.7, 54.7, 169, 354 and 998 W m−2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-efficiency-of-the-c-si-solar-cell-of-figure-1-as-a-2x9d25bx.png Figure 7. Efficiency of the c-Si solar cell of figure 1 as a function of irradiance for the three methods used: constant efficiency, three-parameter fit and STC method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-layout-of-a-pv-module-with-36-solar-cells-1a6ce6fr.png Figure 4. Schematic layout of a PV module with 36 solar cells in a 4 × 9 arrangement. Note the small but significant inter-cell and edge areas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-specific-energy-yield-yp-kwh-wp-1-for-utrecht-2anbv4on.png Table 1. Specific energy yield YP (kWh Wp−1) for Utrecht University and the Sahara calculated using various methods for the c-Si and mc-Si solar cells of figure 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-i-v-characteristics-of-a-15-x-15-cm2-crystalline-2fvyjhzh.png Figure 1. I–V characteristics of a 15 × 15 cm2 crystalline silicon solar cell measured at STC. Performance parameters are Isc = 8.115 A; Voc = 0.6125 V, and η = 15.71%. The fill factor is a measure of the squareness of the I–V characteristics and is defined as FF = Vmpp Impp/Voc Isc and equals FF = 0.7111. In other words, 71.11% of the area (0, 0) to (Voc, Isc) is filled. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-irradiance-distribution-calculated-from-monthly-3hgmnoar.png Figure 5. Irradiance distribution calculated from monthly irradiance data from the NASA SSE database for the Sahara (20◦N, 10◦E) and The Netherlands (52◦7′N, 5◦10′E). The bin size is 10 W m−2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-measured-efficiencies-of-c-si-and-mc-si-solar-cells-2kzo8ea7.png Figure 6. Measured efficiencies of c-Si and mc-Si solar cells as a function of irradiance. For c-Si, the fit shows a maximum efficiency of 16.64% at 0.45 kW m−2, while the measured efficiency at 1 kW m−2 (STC) is 15.47%. For mc-Si, the fit shows a maximum efficiency of 15.32% at 0.525 kW m−2, while the measured efficiency at 1 kW m−2 (STC) is 14.80%. https://scispace.com/papers/team-incentives-social-cohesion-and-performance-a-natural-3zj19s8dmq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-the-poster-stores-received-every-week-qwqkeejl.png Figure 2: Example of the poster stores received every week (translated) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-treatment-effects-on-social-cohesion-helping-peer-qptk1w8h.png Table 8: Treatment effects on Social Cohesion, Helping, Peer pressure, and Job Satisfaction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-estimated-treatment-effect-as-a-function-of-social-1wkgnn7x.png Figure 7: Estimated treatment effect as a function of social cohesion https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-survey-data-descriptives-31xiejai.png Table 3: Survey data descriptives https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-design-and-timeline-of-the-experiment-347vyzcq.png Figure 3: Design and timeline of the experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-kernel-densities-of-post-exp-survey-measures-by-32ftfinl.png Figure 6: Kernel densities of post-exp. survey measures by response to pre-exp. survey https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlations-2sjmzprs.png Table 4: Correlations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-weekly-sales-growth-vxqoxte2.png Figure 1: Weekly sales growth https://scispace.com/papers/teaching-with-lecture-or-debate-testing-the-effectiveness-of-4jjtsm3t3d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-two-sample-wilcoxon-rank-sum-test-of-affective-2uo7c0jv.png Table 2. Two-sample Wilcoxon Rank-sum Test of Affective Skills https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-independent-samples-t-tests-of-cognitive-skills-38pdi7zv.png Table 1. Independent Samples t-tests of Cognitive Skills https://scispace.com/papers/team-based-learning-in-stem-and-the-health-sciences-2xyjqs3lgi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-final-exam-grades-in-a-traditional-blue-and-tbl-2cf7v6fq.png Figure 5. Final exam grades in a traditional (blue) and TBL (orange) linear algebra class (Nanes 2014). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-example-of-concept-gain-in-neurophysiology-across-2zozca0c.png Figure 8. Example of concept gain in neurophysiology across class time (the x axis is number of students scoring that number correct on the 5-question concept quiz). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-performance-on-a-conceptual-test-of-anatomy-and-1215b0nc.png Figure 7. Performance on a conceptual test of anatomy and physiology on the first and last class days of Anatomy and Physiology I (top) and II (bottom). Values are mean ± SD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-examples-of-application-questions-used-by-the-elsx2nw6.png Figure 6. Examples of application questions used by the author in physiology courses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-tbl-classroom-with-voting-cards-visible-credit-1hcbaq93.png Figure 2. A TBL classroom with voting cards visible. Credit: Woudase Gallo. https://scispace.com/papers/team-visibility-and-city-travel-evidence-from-the-uefa-15oi5nx5j6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-balance-of-treated-and-control-routes-139sgict.png TABLE 1— BALANCE OF TREATED AND CONTROL ROUTES. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-playing-in-the-same-group-of-the-champions-380rkzfl.png TABLE 2 — EFFECT OF PLAYING IN THE SAME GROUP OF THE CHAMPIONS LEAGUE DURING THE FOLLOWING MONTHS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-balance-of-treated-and-control-routes-2ae7hilt.png TABLE 1— BALANCE OF TREATED AND CONTROL ROUTES. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-playing-in-the-champions-league-for-the-1a78twid.png TABLE 3 — EFFECT OF PLAYING IN THE CHAMPIONS’ LEAGUE FOR THE FIRST TIME. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-balance-of-treated-and-control-routes-3gvnq3ka.png TABLE 1— BALANCE OF TREATED AND CONTROL ROUTES. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-arrivals-in-january-june-on-routes-across-cities-1zjsejqv.png FIGURE 1. ARRIVALS IN JANUARY-JUNE ON ROUTES ACROSS CITIES TAKING PART TO THE CHAMPIONS LEAGUE GROUP PHASE IN THE FOLLOWING SEPTEMBER-DECEMBER (1998-2010) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-robustness-for-the-effect-of-playing-in-the-same-10522q9e.png TABLE 5 — ROBUSTNESS FOR THE EFFECT OF PLAYING IN THE SAME GROUP OF THE CHAMPIONS LEAGUE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-from-1000-placebo-simulations-of-the-15iqvrfq.png TABLE 6 — RESULTS FROM 1000 PLACEBO SIMULATIONS OF THE TREATMENT. https://scispace.com/papers/teams-promise-but-do-not-deliver-3r9ldbg106 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-marginal-roll-rates-standard-errors-in-parentheses-2l54vmih.png Table 4 Marginal Roll Rates (standard errors in parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-message-frequencies-across-treatments-xbzy17ew.png Table 2 Message frequencies across treatments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-communication-versus-no-communication-comparing-2zvi5ojx.png Figure 2: Communication versus No communication: Comparing Teams and Individuals for In and Roll Rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-marginal-rates-for-in-and-roll-standard-errors-1a3nhrxs.png Table 3 Marginal Rates for In and Roll (standard errors reported in parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-marginal-rates-for-in-standard-errors-in-parentheses-11krd94s.png Table 6 Marginal Rates for In (standard errors in parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-in-and-roll-rates-across-treatments-17m31je4.png Figure 3: In and Roll rates across treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tests-for-effects-of-communication-on-cooperation-3bpccdpa.png Table 1: Tests for Effects of Communication on Cooperation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-message-frequencies-across-treatments-f0o0lr8x.png Table 2 Message frequencies across treatments https://scispace.com/papers/tear-fluid-siga-as-a-noninvasive-biomarker-of-mucosal-53ucumsh7q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-progressive-dehydration-deh-and-subsequent-27fzsce4.png Table 1. Effect of progressive dehydration (DEH) and subsequent rehydration on plasma osmolality (Posm) and SIgA concentration (conc.) and secretion rate (sec.) in tears and saliva. https://scispace.com/papers/technical-efficiency-in-the-malaysian-gill-net-artisanal-1n6putpenf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sum-mar-y-st-atis-tics-of-th-e-dat-a-continue-d-2xyicq5f.png TABLE 1 SUM MAR Y ST ATIS TICS OF TH E DAT A (continue d...) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-of-the-data-2hr7t057.png TABLE 1 SUM MAR Y ST ATIS TICS OF TH E DAT A (continue d...) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimated-technical-inefficiency-function-east-coast-2mdd2ib6.png TABLE 5 ESTIMATED TECHNICAL INEFFICIENCY FUNCTION East Coast West Coast https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-frequency-distribution-of-technical-efficiency-3suqus10.png TABLE 4 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY SCORES https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameter-estimates-of-the-stochastic-production-ku8rttru.png TABLE 3 PARAMETER ESTIMATES OF THE STOCHASTIC PRODUCTION FRONTIER https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-generalized-likelihood-ratio-tests-of-hypotheses-of-1dlj3tt4.png TABLE 2 GENERALIZED LIKELIHOOD RATIO TESTS OF HYPOTHESES OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE STOCHASTIC FRONTIER PRODUCTION FUNCTION AND TECHNICAL INEFFICIENCY FUNCTION https://scispace.com/papers/technical-errors-in-mr-arthrography-23s8xanhsc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-typical-injection-volumes-in-millilitress-la-local-2l0luez4.png Table 2 Typical injection volumes, in millilitress (LA local anaesthetics, Iodine iodine-containing contrast medium, Gd gadoliniumcontaining contrast medium) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-contrast-leakage-angled-coronal-fat-suppressed-t1-161vmvy7.png Fig. 8 Contrast leakage. Angled, coronal, fat-suppressed, T1-weighted, spin-echo image after injection of 10 ml of contrast medium, shows narrow axillary recess and contrast leakage underneath the subscapularis muscle (arrows) in a patient with a frozen shoulder https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-injection-of-contrast-agent-into-the-subscapularis-2blrmynl.png Fig. 7 Injection of contrast agent into the subscapularis tendon. Axial, water-excitation, true fast imaging with steady-state precession (trueFISP) image obtained after injection of gadolinium-containing contrast material. There is hyperintensity within the subscapularis tendon close to the humeral insertion (arrows). This occurs when the arm is internally rotated during injection https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-susceptibility-artefact-caused-by-a-small-amount-of-1pwzev07.png Fig. 9 Susceptibility artefact caused by a small amount of inadvertently injected air. Sagittal T1-weighed image after midcarpal injection (arrows). The air bubble was overlooked when the prolongation tube was filled with contrast agent. Susceptibility artefacts may be more pronounced in gradient echo images https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-contrast-and-type-of-sequence-sagittal-t1-weighted-26fgnnus.png Fig. 11 Contrast and type of sequence. Sagittal, T1-weighted, spin-echo (a) and STIR (b) images of the ankle. Two millimoles per litre of gadopentetate has been injected. On the T1-weighted image, the distended anterior recess is hyperintense, as expected. On the STIR image, the recess is hypointense, presumably because the contrast has been diluted by local anaesthetics and joint fluid https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-graph-comparing-gadolinium-concentrations-x-axis-and-3g4han6t.png Fig. 10 Graph comparing gadolinium concentrations (x-axis) and SNR ratios. For sequences typically employed for MR arthrography (such as T1weighted spin-echo) there is quite a broad useful range of concentrations. The concentrations available on the market (2– 2.5 mmol/l) are rather in the upper range, which is useful because of the dilution by local anaesthetics, iodine-containing contrast material and pre-existing joint fluid. If the concentration is too low, T2-weighted (fatsuppressed) sequences may be used to salvage an examination. Note complex signal behaviour of the STIR sequence https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mr-arthrography-of-the-knee-confounding-effect-of-34dy9nee.png Fig. 1 MR arthrography of the knee, confounding effect of local anaesthetics. Sagittal, water-excitation, true fast imaging with steadystate precession (trueFISP) image of the knee, after injection of gadopentetate through an anterior infrapatellar route. Gadopentetate is hyperintense, as also are local anaesthetics injected into Hoffa’s fat pad during needle advancement (arrows) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-injection-of-the-distal-radio-ulnar-joint-a-xvmg8hz7.png Fig. 2 Injection of the distal radio-ulnar joint. a Fluoroscopic image; b corresponding axial, water-excitation, true fast imaging with steady-state precession (trueFISP) image. In a, the needle is not pointing at the apparent joint space but rather a few millimetres to the ulnar side. The axial image shows that passage of the needle into the joint would otherwise be obstructed by the dorsal radius, as shown in b (arrow) https://scispace.com/papers/technical-feasibility-and-acceptance-of-the-remote-48vrntxbx1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-of-incoming-data-events-per-32m39k6e.png Table 1. Summary statistics of incoming data events per participant across event types. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rate-of-days-with-data-transfers-across-participant-1wojfhqd.png Figure 2. Rate of days with data transfers across participant subgroups and user platforms. Different patient and healthy control subgroups are compared in panel a) in regard to their rate of days with active and passive data transfers. Error bars represent standard deviations. The distribution of this rate of data transfers across user platforms is shown in panel b) for passive events and in panel c) for active event types. HC, healthy control; MDD, major depressive disorder; BD, bipolar disorder; AD, anxiety disorder; PD, psychotic disorder. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-screenshots-of-remap-surveys-are-presented-as-jboy1xmk.png Figure 1. Screenshots of ReMAP surveys are presented as displayed on the participants smartphone to demonstrate the collection routine of actively self-reported data on depressive symptoms (Images recorded on an iPhone 8): a) First item of the mobile version of the BDI questionnaire conducted every two weeks; b) single-item subjective mood rating on a scale from 1-10 conducted on average once a week; c) single-item rating of sleep duration in hours (0-13) conducted once a week. All items are implemented in German language. https://scispace.com/papers/technical-note-comparison-of-water-vapor-sampling-techniques-ugr1nt6e3l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dual-plot-for-the-zscore-of-d2h-and-d18o-of-vapor-1poqqbtf.png Figure 2. Dual plot for the Zscore of δ2H and δ18O of vapor samples. [A] is the main analysis of the sampling bags and [B] is the additional cryogenic bath test performed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-setup-of-the-water-isotope-analyzer-wia-used-in-253jmcr4.png Figure 1. Setup of the Water Isotope Analyzer (WIA) used in this experiment. The selection between liquid and vapor mode depends on the type of samples to be analyzed. https://scispace.com/papers/technical-note-on-assessing-bayesian-model-comparison-in-5e68cj45oz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-international-real-business-cycle-irbc-model-m2-rhd4wh4q.png Table 2.C - Real Business Cycle (RBC) Closed-Economy Model (M4) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-model-parameterization-37f2kjqu.png Table 3 - Model Parameterization https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-b-new-keynesian-nk-closed-economy-model-m3-3q0ag7s9.png Table 2.C - Real Business Cycle (RBC) Closed-Economy Model (M4) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-c-real-business-cycle-rbc-closed-economy-model-m4-smu0xr9m.png Table 2.C - Real Business Cycle (RBC) Closed-Economy Model (M4) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-prior-distributions-2zmgddhh.png Table 4 - Prior Distributions https://scispace.com/papers/technical-note-volume-transport-equations-in-combined-4zcztq7ohw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-climatological-annual-mean-density-driven-sverdrup-g286ypm7.png Fig. 4. Climatological annual mean density driven Sverdrup transport streamfunction (unit: SV = https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-climatological-annual-mean-density-and-wind-driven-3ny1jyrz.png Fig. 6. Climatological annual mean density and wind driven Sverdrup transport streamfunction (unit: SV = 106 m3/s). It is noted that in calculating the density forcing function denV , the latitude ϕ is set as 15oN for the zonal region of 0o-15oN, and as 15oS for the zonal region of 0o-15oS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-climatological-annual-mean-bottom-stress-forcing-due-ps320pbi.png Fig. 3. Climatological annual mean bottom stress forcing due to horizontal viscosity https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-climatological-annual-mean-density-forcing-denv-unit-m-1sl4rkty.png Fig. 1. Climatological annual mean density forcing denV (unit: m/s 2) calculated from the NOAA/NCEI WOA13 data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-climatological-annual-mean-surface-wind-forcing-0-curl-2nakm3id.png Fig. 2. . Climatological annual mean surface wind forcing [ 0(curl ) / τ ] (unit: m/s 2) calculated using the COADS data https://scispace.com/papers/technical-section-gradient-based-image-completion-by-solving-hftu7l1rrz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-illustration-for-showing-the-performance-of-our-patch-1bd649nl.png Fig. 4. Illustration for showing the performance of our patch-matching criterion and the gradient-based approach: (a) the completion by [5] but using our new patch– matching criterion; (b) the result from our gradient-based algorithm but with the SSD criterion; (c) the result of our full approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-iv-a-a-photo-of-the-oil-painting-still-life-2u9iam7k.png Fig. 5. Example IV: (a) a photo of the oil painting “Still Life with Apples”, by P. Cézanne, c. 1890; (b) the manually selected region to be completed; (c) result obtained by [6]; (d) result obtained by our gradient method. Note that our result is more sharp. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-i-a-original-image-b-the-figure-needs-to-be-29gbtkyq.png Fig. 1. Example I: (a) original image; (b) the figure needs to be completed (in white with red boundary); (c), (d) the initial gradient maps in horizontal and vertical directions; (e), (f) the inpainted gradient maps in horizontal and vertical directions; (g) the result of [6]; (h) the result by our method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computational-statistics-uda3v4e7.png Table 1 Computational Statistics https://scispace.com/papers/technical-studies-for-operations-with-real-time-3n5lkqm15r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-kernel-parameters-and-their-impact-on-timing-3tjyutsu.png Table 1. Kernel Parameters and their impact on timing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-software-merger-that-takes-incoming-udp-packets-2yaiylsz.png Figure 5. Software-Merger that takes incoming UDP packets from the Spacecraft Operating System (SCOS) at the P2 Thread and that takes incoming UDP packets from the Payload Control System (PCS) at the P1 Thread. The packets are forwarded to a P3 Thread which is a real-time thread on a Linux system to multiplex the incoming packets into a data stream with a fixed time interval of 2.5 ms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-time-interval-between-two-successive-udp-packets-at-1myf0viq.png Figure 6. Time interval between two successive UDP packets at the output Thread P3 measured using wireshark. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-example-jitter-measurements-with-a-wan-simulator-3aupd6oa.png Table 4. Example jitter measurements with a WAN-Simulator using CLOCK HZ = 1000 and CONFIG NO HZ = y and CONFIG HIGH RES TIMERS = y . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cltus-from-pcs-or-scos-are-merged-at-the-h-w-merger-32rz1hli.png Figure 1. CLTUs from PCS or SCOS are merged at the ”H/W Merger” (FPGA) into a UDP data stream. The UDP packets are forwarded to an Uplink Gateway (FPGA) and are modulated onto the Intermediate Frequency (IF). Telemetry is encapsulated into UDP packets by a Downlink Gateway (FPGA) and sent back to PCS. In parallel telemetry can be received via a SLE User/Provider setup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-proposed-software-based-setup-for-robotic-wibx7514.png Figure 2. A proposed software based setup for robotic telepresence missions including station handovers.15 Housekeeping TM/TC is transferred via the established SLE User/Provider Scheme which is based on TCP/IP. Real-time science data from the Payload Control is sent via UDP/IP either via a separate interface or via an updated version of SLE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-example-rtt-measurements-with-a-wan-simulator-using-35roop3m.png Table 2. Example RTT measurements with a WAN-Simulator using CLOCK HZ = 300 and CONFIG NO HZ = n and CONFIG HIGH RES TIMERS = n . https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-example-rtt-measurements-with-a-wan-simulator-using-1aouknw7.png Table 3. Example RTT measurements with a WAN-Simulator using CLOCK HZ = 1000 and CONFIG NO HZ = y and CONFIG HIGH RES TIMERS = y . https://scispace.com/papers/technical-trading-rules-in-emerging-stock-markets-59qki7dd5u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-statistics-3n4r820g.png TABLE I SUMMARY STATISTICS https://scispace.com/papers/technique-and-some-study-results-of-shape-memory-alloy-based-3balf9wj9l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-change-of-damping-device-hysteresis-loop-shape-for-gslrdfvl.png Figure 6. Change of damping device hysteresis loop shape for various amplitude of displacement – a, and wire strain – b. Different colors correspond to displacement amplitude of active part of device at 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9 mm under 0,1 Hz https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scheme-of-the-damping-device-12-3sjd30tu.png Figure 1. Scheme of the damping device [12] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-dependence-of-dissipation-energy-on-the-3e752t88.png Figure 7. Dependence of dissipation energy on the displacement amplitude at frequency 0.1 Hz https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-dependence-of-loss-coefficient-on-the-displacement-2iza0nlz.png Figure 8. Dependence of loss coefficient on the displacement amplitude at frequency 0.1 Hz https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stress-strain-diagrams-of-wire-i-austenitic-ii-311cgxlm.png Figure 3. Stress–strain diagrams of wire; І – austenitic, II – austenitic-martensitic, and III martensitic phase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-grips-with-a-wire-and-an-extensometer-for-measuring-1vhqkkv1.png Figure 2. Grips with a wire and an extensometer for measuring longitudinal strain installed in a FP-100 machine https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-photo-of-damping-device-mounted-in-the-clamps-of-2b2e6ntk.png Figure 4. Photo of damping device mounted in the clamps of the testing machine STM 100 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-dependency-of-force-and-device-displacement-at-2khpqwcx.png Figure 5. Time dependency of force and device displacement at frequency 0.1 Hz https://scispace.com/papers/techniques-for-computing-fabric-tensors-a-review-5espo1zwca 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ssod-left-the-image-is-sampled-with-some-spheres-right-1m1tafwq.png Fig. 5 SSOD. Left: the image is sampled with some spheres. Right: the gray-scale values are accumulated in a spherical container. Fabric tensors approximate the gray-scale values in the container. Reprinted from [88] with permission from Elsevier. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-morphology-based-methods-3os6g3vv.png Table 1 Summary of morphology-based methods https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-computation-of-the-intercepts-between-a-set-of-3e89uxcv.png Fig. 2 Computation of the intercepts between a set of parallel lines and the interface between phases. In this example, the number of intercepts is 13. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distributions-of-intercepting-lines-left-lines-with-25u1doks.png Fig. 4 Distributions of intercepting lines. Left: lines with different orientations are traced from some sampling points (marked with crosses). The lenght of those lines are used to generate the VO, SVD and SLD tensors. Right: in order to compute the scale tensor, line segments are shortened (half of the intercepts with the boundary are shifted to the positions marked with squares) in order to make them symmetric with respect to the sampling point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rendering-of-scans-of-trabecular-bone-from-a-radius-2ikzxosx.png Fig. 1 Rendering of scans of trabecular bone from a radius and a vertebra respectively acquired through micro computed tomography. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-estimation-of-the-fd-left-a-2d-slice-of-the-image-of-tp22innn.png Fig. 6 Estimation of the FD. Left: a 2D slice of the image of Fig. 1(a). Right: log-log plot of the power spectrum vs. frequency at a specific orientation and two linear regressions covering low and high frequencies respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-of-a-material-in-which-boundary-based-tensors-uj7hrxx9.png Fig. 3 Example of a material in which boundary-based tensors are unable to estimate anisotropy and orientation. Both, the MIL and GST tensors are isotropic in this case. https://scispace.com/papers/techniques-and-applications-for-guest-language-safepoints-1iajjsogkq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-api-for-guest-language-safepoints-239b5kml.png Figure 1. API for guest-language safepoints. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phases-of-a-guest-language-safepoint-5ifbflqp.png Figure 2. Phases of a guest-language safepoint https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-geometric-mean-of-peak-performance-over-all-1dldsgv1.png Figure 6. Geometric mean of peak performance over all benchmarks, normalized to the removed configuration. Higher is better. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-geometric-mean-of-peak-performance-for-rivertrail-12p58rtf.png Figure 7. Geometric mean of peak performance for RiverTrail in https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-mean-compilation-time-for-the-mandelbrot-method-hw7by7wh.png Figure 11. Mean compilation time for the mandelbrot method across different configurations. Lower is better. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-safepoint-latency-for-the-mandelbrot-for-our-vqawxih6.png Figure 12. Safepoint latency for the mandelbrot for our implementation. Lower is better. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-generated-machine-code-for-the-volatile-34xcvl6c.png Figure 10. Generated machine code for the volatile configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-generated-machine-code-for-the-api-removed-and-3canyaab.png Figure 9. Generated machine code for the api, removed and switchpoint configurations. https://scispace.com/papers/techniques-and-challenges-in-the-assimilation-of-atmospheric-18yilvrf54 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sources-of-in-situ-observations-of-aw-acronyms-not-1r9swyv8.png Table 2: Sources of in-situ observations of AW. Acronyms not defined in Table 1are: AMDAR (Aircraft Meteorological DAta Relay), TAMDAR (Tropospheric Airborne Meteorological DAta Reporting). The last three columns indicate whether the measurements are routinely assimilated in clear, cloudy, or precipitating conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-panels-a-c-histograms-of-rh-from-three-hour-2l00e4zf.png Figure 5: Panels (a)-(c): histograms of RH from three-hour forecasts (µ3h) for (a) the boundary layer, (b) free troposphere, and (c) upper troposphere/lower stratosphere. Panels (d)-(f): conditional forecast error PDFs for the free troposphere. Panel (d) is for the conditioning 0 ≤ µ3h < 0.05, panel (e) is for 0.5 ≤ µ3h < 0.55, and panel (d) is for 0.95 ≤ µ3h < 1. All data are aggregated over the horizontal domain of the UKV model from 1st to 5th September 2013 (15Z). The error PDFs are computed from scaled differences of 6- and 3-hour forecasts valid at the same time δµ = (µ6h − µ3h)/ √ 2. The √ 2 is a normalisation so that the variance of δµ matches that of forecast errors assuming that error statistics of µ6h and µ3h are identically distributed and uncorrelated, i.e. 〈 δµ2 〉 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-a-selection-of-operational-space-based-remote-38i7dqye.png Table 4: A selection of operational space-based remote-sensing instrument types with sensitivity to AW (host platforms are given in brackets, and acronyms are defined in footnote 5). The last three columns indicate whether the measurements are routinely assimilated in clear, cloudy, or precipitating conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-low-level-convergence-analyses-for-1800-utc-8th-3r4drwck.png Figure 1: Low-level convergence analyses for 1800 UTC 8th November 2007 from DA experiments (a) without assimilation of Doppler radial wind and (b) with assimilation of Doppler radial wind. Dashed contours indicate horizontal convergence. The system is AROME/3DVar for the domain over France. (c) is the observed precipitation rate. ©American Meteorological Society. Used with permission. Taken from Montmerle and Faccani [2009]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ground-based-remote-sensing-instruments-with-1xkzy1xy.png Table 3: Ground-based remote-sensing instruments with sensitivity to AW. Acronyms not defined in Table 1 are: GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), GPS (Global Positioning System), WWLLN (World Wide Lightning Location Network), NLDN ([US] National Lightning Detection Network). The last three columns indicate whether the measurements are routinely assimilated in clear, cloudy, or precipitating conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-a-selection-of-research-and-future-space-based-2tm7vmk6.png Table 5: A selection of research and future space-based remote-sensing instruments with sensitivity to AW (acronyms are defined in footnote 7). The last three columns indicate whether the measurements are (or have the possibility of being) routinely assimilated in clear, cloudy, or precipitating conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-panel-a-example-ga-transform-for-the-pdf-shown-in-298bcf1x.png Figure 9: Panel a: example GA transform for the PDF shown in Fig. 5f (pµ(δµ|0.95 ≤ µ < 1.0)). Panel b: idealised standard deviation profile to demonstrate the Hólm transform. Panel c, black line: example Hólm transform for a background RH of 0.98 when the standard deviation of RH is that in panel b; grey line: as for the black line, but where the standard deviation is conditioned on the analysis (see Sect. 9.4 for details). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-background-error-standard-deviations-of-specific-1i8o2wwx.png Figure 6: Background error standard deviations of specific humidity as a function of pressure level diagnosed from 30-member ensembles of 6-hour 3km WRF forecasts over the central United States for multi-cellular storm conditions. The statistics have been divided into locations that have the precipitation class indicated by the line type. ©American Meteorological Society. Used with permission. Taken from Michel et al. [2011]. https://scispace.com/papers/techniques-for-locally-adaptive-time-stepping-developed-over-2qw8o661po 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-explicit-prediction-of-the-interface-values-on-an-240n5tqu.png Fig. 3. Explicit prediction of the interface values on an intermediate spatial grid on the left, and by extrapolation with overlap on the right https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-interpolation-based-approach-on-the-left-and-the-u0fo96mi.png Fig. 1. Interpolation based approach on the left, and the coarse mesh method on the right https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-completely-general-space-time-mesh-on-the-left-and-145yh2me.png Fig. 4. A completely general space time mesh on the left, and the one-way and two way approaches on the right https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-first-energy-preserving-local-time-stepping-for-the-3dft5lyw.png Fig. 2. First energy-preserving local time stepping for the wave equation on the left, and symplectic scheme for Maxwell’s equation on the right https://scispace.com/papers/techniques-for-monitoring-the-environmental-effects-of-2mkv568szt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-7-26qo5s6j.png TABLE 3.7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-1k2ty7xn.png TABLE 3.4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-12-1ew39ir2.png TABLE 3.12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-2l1z2akz.png TABLE 3.2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-2szbjfpt.png TABLE 2.1 https://scispace.com/papers/techniques-for-studying-integrated-immune-function-in-birds-219t9vg0hj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-into-the-repertoire-of-immunological-studies-on-free-2oeku41u.png Table 2) into the repertoire of immunological studies on free-living birds would simplify the simultaneous measurement of two, or even all three, components of the immune system. https://scispace.com/papers/techno-economic-and-business-case-assessment-of-low-carbon-3gbyedx6xt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-energy-price-components-175-3tyy878q.png Table 1: Energy price components 175 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mapping-of-consumer-energy-price-components-174-10gxk0lg.png Figure 4: Mapping of consumer energy price components 174 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gcp-to-commercial-agent-mapping-159-3fgsmij0.png Figure 3: GCP to commercial agent mapping 159 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-change-in-group-cash-flows-study-3-compared-to-reeu86on.png Figure 13: Change in group cash flows, study 3 compared to study 2 375 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-electricity-price-components-by-season-258-7gtmplku.png Figure 6: Electricity price components, by season 258 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gas-price-components-by-season-240-3bzuegu8.png Figure 5: Gas price components, by season 240 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-domestic-electricity-eso-costs-p-kwh-2014-221-3uhvzpyz.png Table 3: Domestic electricity ESO costs, p/kWh, 2014 221 https://scispace.com/papers/techno-economic-analysis-of-integration-of-low-temperature-vqn0fasfsg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-these-data-validate-the-initial-findings-by-3lowmuea.png Figure 4.5 These data validate the initial findings by Trexler et al.4 and confirm that gradients greater than 9°F/100 ft (164°C/km) exist near the center of the Hot Pot thermal anomaly. All but one of the six wells recorded temperature gradients greater than 6°F/100 ft (110°C/km). The southernmost well (27-1), located close to 2 miles west of the power plant, recorded a gradient less than 3°F/100 ft (55 °C/km). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-location-of-potential-quaternary-fault-scarps-along-4ujw3j5u.png Figure 3. Location of potential Quaternary fault scarps along the northwest flank of Treaty Hill. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cumulative-air-temperature-frequency-in-winnemucca-19vle3yw.png Figure 7. Cumulative air temperature frequency in Winnemucca, Nevada https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-map-showing-locations-of-the-north-valmy-power-2vxx764k.png Figure 2. Map showing locations of the North Valmy power plant and other key areas discussed in this analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-preliminary-site-options-34cq0nga.png Table 1. Preliminary site options https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hybrid-direct-use-geothermal-125degc-water-providing-3octsal8.png Table 3. Hybrid direct-use geothermal 125°C water providing carbon capture solvent re-boiler duty https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-temperature-gradient-contours-and-potential-13uo1rre.png Figure 4. Temperature gradient contours and potential drilling locations at the Hot Pot project (from Lane et al.)5 https://scispace.com/papers/techno-economic-analysis-for-the-thermochemical-conversion-2na3zvii1v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-1-summary-of-performance-and-cost-results-for-ur6zkke7.png Table 9-1 Summary of Performance and Cost Results for Gasification to Ethanol, Gasoline and Diesel https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-3-performance-results-for-ethanol-via-acetic-acid-3uguiu5b.png Table 8-3 Performance Results for Ethanol via Acetic Acid https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-effects-of-feedstock-cost-and-irr-on-ft-diesel-11w9ynkd.png Figure 4-5 Effects of Feedstock Cost and IRR on FT Diesel MFSP (Directly-Heated Gasifier) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-process-flow-diagram-for-hydrocracking-1ud2c11c.png Figure 4-3 Process Flow Diagram for Hydrocracking, Hydrotreating, and Product Separation https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-4-cost-results-for-biomass-to-methanol-2z7qw2ue.png Table 5-4 Cost Results for Biomass-to-Methanol https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-u-s-federal-grade-aa-methanol-specifications-30qzy2ho.png Table 5-1 U.S. Federal Grade AA Methanol Specifications https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-2-major-system-assumptions-for-hydrothermal-3kuzhjjn.png Table 7-2 Major System Assumptions for Hydrothermal Liquefaction https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-3-literature-capital-cost-basis-for-htl-system-klmr6owi.png Table 7-3 Literature Capital Cost Basis for HTL System https://scispace.com/papers/techno-economic-potential-of-largescale-photovoltaics-in-1tlu0o7818 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-considerations-for-lcoe-calculation-1lglv9ac.png Table 3. Considerations for LCOE calculation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-annual-energy-yield-over-system-lifetime-zlnwmcmm.png Fig. 1. Annual energy yield over system lifetime https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-breakdown-of-the-installation-cost-of-the-pv-15716ucp.png Table 2. The breakdown of the installation cost of the PV system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-cumulative-annual-energy-generation-by-the-1-mw-pv-3abmj6s2.png Fig 4. The cumulative annual energy generation by the 1 MW PV system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-npv-of-the-1mw-pv-system-investment-over-its-lifetime-3btjbr7e.png Fig 3. NPV of the 1MW PV system investment over its lifetime https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cumulative-present-value-of-revenue-from-the-1mw-pv-1lgrb6v1.png Fig 2. Cumulative present value of revenue from the 1MW PV system over its lifetime https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-main-parameters-of-the-1mw-pv-system-6nsvonae.png Table 1. The main parameters of the 1MW PV system https://scispace.com/papers/techno-economical-evaluation-of-load-activation-quotas-as-a-kppnd49pf0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-grid-expansion-heuristic-dum2d676.png Fig. 6 Grid expansion heuristic https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-load-profiles-depending-on-expansion-level-17m3k9ne.png Table 2 Load profiles depending on expansion level https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-determination-of-the-minimum-quota-1lrxfwhp.png Fig. 5 Determination of the minimum quota https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristics-of-the-price-forecast-2025-1x1xgrmh.png Table 3 Characteristics of the price forecast 2025 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-scenarios-for-flexible-loads-1kngtca4.png Table 1 Distribution scenarios for flexible loads https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evaluation-method-overview-16ewc2a3.png Fig. 4 Evaluation method overview https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-trade-off-between-grid-expansion-and-procurement-costs-3shea20p.png Fig. 1 Trade-off between grid expansion and procurement costs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-effect-of-grid-expansion-on-the-laq-1arge4ww.png Fig. 8 Effect of grid expansion on the LAQ https://scispace.com/papers/techno-economic-assessment-of-biomass-gasification-based-68t3k9s5ut 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-various-limitations-reported-for-biomass-3g9jtojh.png TABLE 1: OVERVIEW OF VARIOUS LIMITATIONS REPORTED FOR BIOMASS GASIFICATION PROJECTS IN THE 78 LITERATURE 79 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-assessing-homers-suitability-compared-to-other-ywwmj5pm.png TABLE 4: ASSESSING HOMER’S SUITABILITY COMPARED TO OTHER SIMILAR TOOLS AVAILABLE 197 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-overview-of-technical-economic-and-operational-2hvxsvj5.png TABLE 7. OVERVIEW OF TECHNICAL, ECONOMIC AND OPERATIONAL SPECIFICATIONS OF TWO DIFFERENT GASIFIER 327 TYPES FROM DIFFERENT INDIAN SUPPLIERS. 328 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-load-profile-showing-the-daily-average-demand-for-3jc6k4rz.png FIG. 1: LOAD PROFILE SHOWING THE DAILY AVERAGE DEMAND FOR NIBIYA VILLAGE, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA. 184 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-results-of-load-estimation-100th-kl1is1wd.png TABLE 3: SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF LOAD ESTIMATION (100TH PERCENTILE) 187 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-of-three-types-of-grid-availability-jygg1oog.png TABLE 6: COMPARISON OF THREE TYPES OF GRID AVAILABILITY, REPORTED AS AVERAGE UPTIME OVER A GIVEN 286 CALENDAR MONTH BASED ON HISTORIC DATA [5]. 287 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-multivariate-sensitivity-analysis-for-a-bio-b-bio-grid-1e3oiwzy.png FIG. 5: MULTIVARIATE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS FOR (A) BIO, (B) BIO + GRID, (C) PV–BIO, AND 511 (D) PV–BIO + GRID SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS. BASE CASE: BATTERY LIFETIME: 5 YEARS; BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK 512 COST: 4 INR/KG (0.058 USD/KG); GASIFICATION RATIO: 2.5 KG PRODUCER GAS/KG BIOMASS; FUEL CURVE 513 SLOPE: 3.45 KG PRODUCER GAS/H/KW OUTPUT; FUEL CURVE INTERCEPTION COEFFICIENT: 0.4 KG PRODUCER 514 GAS/H/KWRATED; BIOMASS AVAILABILITY: 0.385 TONS/DAY. 515 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-trade-offs-involved-in-designing-hybrid-pv-bio-off-2op8qi4p.png FIG. 8: TRADE-OFFS INVOLVED IN DESIGNING HYBRID PV–BIO OFF-GRID MINI-GRIDS AT (A) 0.5% AND (B) 4% 590 ANNUAL CAPACITY SHORTAGE, AND (C) COMPARISON OF LEVELIZED ELECTRICITY COST FOR 0.5% AND 4% 591 CAPACITY SHORTAGE. 592 https://scispace.com/papers/technological-ecosystems-in-the-health-sector-a-mapping-r3rifm88hv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-number-of-institutions-involved-in-the-selected-3b6db7b1.png Fig. 4 Number of institutions involved in the selected projects organized by country https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-number-of-projects-per-each-domain-mq3-what-types-of-1j2gb57c.png Fig. 2 Number of projects per each domain. MQ3: What types of institutions are involved in the project? To answer the third mapping question, the institutions were classified in seven categories: R&D (universities, research centres, etc.), SME (small and medium enterprises), End-user (associations, care homes, NGOs, etc.), Consortium, Business (big companies, hospitals, etc.), Public body (regional/local governments, health management, ministries, etc.), Multi-stakeholder. Figure 3 shows the distribution of institutions per category. There is a total of 194 institutions involved in the selected projects. On the other hand, regarding the country, Italian institutions have more https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-total-investment-per-year-koseyp79.png Table 4. Total investment per year https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-total-investment-per-programme-kj1fc7le.png Table 3. Total investment per programme https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-percentage-of-selected-projects-per-funding-programme-t6xq9mi8.png Fig. 6 Percentage of selected projects per funding programme https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-distribution-of-the-23-projects-over-time-the-y-axis-339xk5ez.png Fig. 7 Distribution of the 23 projects over time. The ‘y’ axis represents start year and the ‘x’ axis the end year. MQ7: How much money was invested in these projects? https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-prisma-adapted-from-16-37vp7kwm.png Fig. 1 PRISMA. Adapted from [16] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-total-count-of-the-different-stakeholders-involved-in-287nqn7d.png Fig. 5 Total count of the different stakeholders involved in the ecosystems along all the projects MQ5: Which calls fund this kind of research projects? Fig. 6 shows a circle chart that represents the percentage of projects found in each programme. It can be seen that the AAL programme (34.78%) and Horizon 2020 https://scispace.com/papers/technological-vs-ecological-switch-and-the-environmental-1p71sqp8n1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-results-1bey7784.png Table 1. Summary of results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-benchmark-scenario-optimality-candidates-and-3loofzza.png Figure 1. Benchmark scenario: optimality candidates and corresponding paths. Last row: optimum with ecological switch (ρ = 0.1) https://scispace.com/papers/technology-adoption-under-seed-access-constraints-and-the-3nwhhrsl4i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-regression-variables-by-23x6kncw.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics of regression variables by seed access constraint https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-impact-of-improved-seed-access-on-economic-surplus-31chu801.png Table 9 Impact of improved seed access on economic surplus of pigeonpea adoption Tanzania https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-double-hurdle-and-tobit-regression-estimates-1eyya6v0.png Table 4 Double hurdle and Tobit regression estimates https://scispace.com/papers/technology-assessment-of-liquid-encapsulants-for-lead-based-25a0jkz1zt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-astm-calculated-cost-ranges-for-interim-control-3ov0evtt.png Table 4. ASTM calculated cost ranges for interim control methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reported-costs-of-paint-stabilization-and-standard-310a7zyb.png Table 2. Reported costs of paint stabilization and standard painting for three Army installations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reported-cost-of-encapsulation-for-three-army-1b1nn4v9.png Table 3. Reported cost of encapsulation for three Army installations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-astm-calculation-of-direct-costs-for-encapsulation-knolxvnu.png Table 5. ASTM calculation of direct costs for encapsulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-blistered-encapsulant-on-housing-unit-at-fort-ord-1fz9kc9c.png Figure 1. Blistered encapsulant on housing unit at Fort Ord/POM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-poor-coating-condition-on-fort-ord-housing-unit-143iqzha.png Figure 4. Poor coating condition on Fort Ord housing unit prior to encapsulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-aesthetically-appealing-example-of-paint-21bvn042.png Figure 3. Aesthetically appealing example of paint stabilization at Fort Riley, KS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-blistered-elastomeric-latex-on-precast-concrete-mutm5ptl.png Figure 2. Blistered elastomeric latex on precast concrete warehouse structure. https://scispace.com/papers/technology-as-cultural-process-2ob42tkb1a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-grid-group-t-y-p-o-l-g-y-o-f-c-u-l-t-u-r-a-l-s-1udf0r67.png Figure 1 , The GRID-Group T y p o l g y o f C u l t u r a l S t y l e s (Thompson, 1 9 8 3 ) : S O C I A L TYPES, cultwlal biases, ' j u s t i f i c a t i o n s ' and https://scispace.com/papers/technology-enhanced-assessment-in-complex-collaborative-z6vf6fj87i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-four-ways-to-think-about-assessment-webb-et-al-2013-3g91rmov.png Table 3. Four ways to think about assessment (Webb et al., 2013 P.453) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cps-context-dimensions-pisa-2013-p-16-4ouh06jd.png Table 2 CPS context dimensions (PISA, 2013 P.16) https://scispace.com/papers/technology-enriched-schools-co-operation-between-teachers-1rpgdybgdm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-project-and-non-project-teachers-29urlabi.png Table 1. Comparison of project and non-project teachers’ attitudes towards computers during the 3 years of the project https://scispace.com/papers/technology-policy-distortions-and-the-rise-of-large-farms-1sgrqcsvqt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-share-of-farms-by-size-34a6v9ub.png Table 3: Share of Farms by Size https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-gini-coefficient-for-land-capital-and-output-2je1jq7d.png Figure 8: Gini Coefficient for Land, Capital and Output https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-implicit-farm-distortions-1-t-s-2dvz9krk.png Figure 9: Implicit Farm Distortions (1− τ(s)) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-aggregate-allocations-data-versus-frictionless-378k2jva.png Figure 4: Aggregate Allocations: Data versus Frictionless Economy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-model-fit-farm-size-distribution-3stbpzp0.png Figure 3: Model Fit: Farm Size Distribution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-farm-size-data-versus-frictionless-economy-dald745t.png Figure 5: Average Farm Size: Data versus Frictionless Economy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-aggregate-allocations-frictionless-versus-distorted-c8jmxxqm.png Figure 6: Aggregate Allocations: Frictionless versus Distorted https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-annualized-growth-of-gdp-per-worker-and-tfp-3vit92ye.png Table 2: Annualized Growth of GDP per worker and TFP https://scispace.com/papers/technology-use-and-industrial-transformation-empirical-3liq3ho2fq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-adoption-rate-by-technology-group-1989-2y6cu5bq.png Table 3 Adoption Rate by Technology Group, 1989 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-relative-wage-rates-of-technology-users-shipment-3sw49lh6.png Table 8 Relative Wage Rates of Technology Users (Shipment Weighted) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-growth-rate-of-relative-wages-1981-1989-1lpg8p14.png Figure 5: Growth Rate of Relative Wages, 1981-1989 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-relative-productivity-of-technology-users-shipment-1ib1tino.png Table 7 Relative Productivity of Technology Users (Shipment Weighted) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-advanced-manufacturing-technologies-by-functional-k9cs0kch.png Table 1 Advanced Manufacturing Technologies by Functional Group https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-adoption-rate-by-number-of-technologies-1989-2sqiv24q.png Table 2 Adoption Rate by Number of Technologies, 1989 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-adoption-rate-by-individual-technology-1989-ov367h6z.png Table 4 Adoption Rate by Individual Technology, 1989 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-sign-of-market-share-percentage-point-change-by-jqooouwi.png Table 6 Sign of Market-Share Percentage Point Change by Industry, for the Technology Groups (shipment weighted) https://scispace.com/papers/technology-shocks-around-the-world-1rs529pw1w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-impact-response-of-relative-labour-productivity-to-a-1vuiu7z4.png Table 2: Impact response of relative labour productivity to a permanent productivity shock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-estimated-response-of-zone-employment-to-the-1589wiyf.png Figure 8: Estimated response of zone employment to the permanent zone productivity shock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-estimated-response-of-zone-employment-to-the-3egtw3hb.png Figure 11: Estimated response of zone employment to the permanent single–country productivity shock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-estimated-response-of-employment-to-the-permanent-2zyh2gmv.png Figure 10: Estimated response of employment to the permanent zone productivity shock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimated-response-of-employment-without-foreign-2tkaxlln.png Figure 4: Estimated response of employment without foreign shocks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-response-of-single-country-employment-to-common-p6lhs6s8.png Figure 15: Response of single–country employment to common shocks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-impact-response-of-employment-in-the-g7-2trxiuic.png Figure 1: Impact response of employment in the G7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-unit-root-tests-on-the-labour-productivity-35nadrzw.png Table 10: Unit root tests on the labour productivity differential vis-à-vis the USA https://scispace.com/papers/tectonic-overview-of-the-west-gondwana-margin-3aldt5ubiy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gondwana-reconstruction-after-unrug-1997-showing-24m80cl1.png Figure 1: Gondwana reconstruction after Unrug (1997) showing major terrane belts on 1061 the margins of the supercontinent: NZ: New Zealand; TAM: Transantarctic 1062 Mountains. Boundary zone between East and West Gondwana after Unrug 1063 (1997) shown as overlay: ANS: Arabian–Nubian Shield; N–N–M: Namaqua–1064 Natal–Maud belt. 1065 1066 https://scispace.com/papers/tectonic-position-of-the-alshar-au-as-sb-tl-deposit-2o6idveru4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-morphostructures-of-southern-macedonia-hypsometric-25xf4xxk.png Fig. 2. Morphostructures of southern Macedonia. Hypsometric levels (m): ( 1 ) 1500–2000, ( 2 ) 1000–1500, ( 3 ) 500–1000, ( 4 ) below 500; ( 5 ) zones of diagonal dislocations; ( 6 ) boundaries of ring structures; ( 7 ) orthogonal deep-seated faults; ( 8 ) other faults; ( 9 ) geochemical halos; ( 10 ) Alshar deposit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tectonic-scheme-of-macedonia-1-serbian-macedonian-1214o0h7.png Fig. 1. Tectonic scheme of Macedonia. ( 1 ) Serbian–Macedonian Massif; ( 2 ) Vardarian riftogenic graben; ( 3 ) Pelagonia Massif; ( 4 ) West Macedonian area; ( 5 ) Cenozoic metallogenic zones and fault systems; ( 6 ) Vardarian metallogenic zone; ( 7 ) boundary of the Macedonia Republic https://scispace.com/papers/teen-smoking-behavior-and-the-regulatory-environment-4vx9qesbs1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-smoking-rates-by-self-versus-proxy-reporting-status-33mfntmz.png TABLE 8: SMOKING RATES BY SELF VERSUS PROXY REPORTING STATUS https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-smoking-rates-by-perceptions-of-whether-smoking-is-a-84xxgnma.png TABLE 6: SMOKING RATES BY PERCEPTIONS OF WHETHER SMOKING IS A HABIT OR ADDICTION https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-smoking-rates-by-perceptions-of-difficulty-for-4c4mipr9.png TABLE 4: SMOKING RATES BY PERCEPTIONS OF DIFFICULTY FOR MINORS TO PURCHASE TOBACCO AND STATE RESTRICTIONS https://scispace.com/papers/teens-are-from-neptune-librarians-are-from-pluto-an-analysis-2orfrct465 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-virtual-reference-behaviors-2p4a4y50.png Table 2. Virtual Reference Behaviors https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-types-of-questions-asked-by-subject-2chck1t3.png Table 1. Types of Questions Asked by Subject https://scispace.com/papers/teichmuller-curves-in-genus-three-and-just-likely-15rpi39tmi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-possible-stable-limits-of-t-1cw10y7x.png Figure 2: Possible stable limits of T https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-square-tiled-surface-in-the-hyperelliptic-locus-1srr6o0n.png Figure 1: A square-tiled surface in the hyperelliptic locus of ΩM3(2, 2)odd https://scispace.com/papers/telecommunication-economics-selected-results-of-the-cost-4q3rd1tvrl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-examples-of-e-learning-5-11-ptq8cbbb.png Table 2. Examples of e-learning [5], [11] https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-distribution-of-poor-and-needy-in-georgia-2008-1le7vt19.png Table 5. Distribution of poor and needy in Georgia (2008); Source: National Statistics office of Georgia www.geostat.ge https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-environmental-impact-of-tele-work-ontransport-1estq6q8.png Table 6. Environmental impact of tele-work ontransport behavior in the sphere of working https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-utilities-in-terms-of-the-proportion-of-shared-1pypun6q.png Fig. 6. Utilities in terms of the proportion of shared spectrum https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-revenue-models-for-mobile-search-rtsbvsbd.png Table 2. Examples of e-learning [5], [11] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-overall-overhead-and-average-failed-playback-in-3tttyy6s.png Fig. 7. Overall overhead and average failed playback in scenarios s1 and s3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-environmental-impact-of-e-business-on-transport-s5ssdegz.png Table 8. Environmental impact of e-business on transport behavior in the sphere of living https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-and-sd-s-of-the-mediator-variables-overall-n-gfs6mix4.png Table 2. Examples of e-learning [5], [11] https://scispace.com/papers/telemedicine-in-the-upper-amazon-interplay-with-local-health-27is25mhna 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-general-presentation-of-riss-development-project-1ay2khdh.png Table 1. General Presentation of RISS Development Project Partners https://scispace.com/papers/telemedicine-for-cardiovascular-disease-continuum-a-position-1bm440dmft 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-studies-showing-potential-role-of-telemedicine-2t36u09d.png Table 1 Studies showing potential role of telemedicine support in principal fields of cardiology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-study-selection-ua43bz0y.png Fig. 1. Study selection. https://scispace.com/papers/telenomus-remus-nixon-egg-parasitization-of-three-species-of-2f13zdmj8t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-daily-number-and-lifetime-parasitism-percentage-of-27z3ya5r.png Fig 1 Daily (number) and lifetime parasitism (percentage) of Spodoptera cosmioides eggs by Telenomus remus at different temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parental-longevity-of-telenomus-remus-females-when-3ffnw0mc.png Table 1 Parental longevity of Telenomus remus females when presented with eggs of Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera cosmioides, and Spodoptera eridania at different temperatures, 70± 10% RH, and 12/12 h photoperiod (L/D). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lifetime-number-of-parasitized-eggs-of-spodoptera-2r0f3nfp.png Table 2 Lifetime number of parasitized eggs of Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera cosmioides, and Spodoptera eridania by Telenomus remus at different temperatures, 70±10% RH, and 12/ 12 h photoperiod (L/D). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-daily-number-and-lifetime-parasitism-percentage-of-12oh2jqr.png Fig 3 Daily (number) and lifetime parasitism (percentage) of Spodoptera eridania eggs by Telenomus remus at different temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-daily-number-and-lifetime-parasitism-percentage-of-28dhasui.png Fig 2 Daily (number) and lifetime parasitism (percentage) of Spodoptera frugiperda eggs by Telenomus remus at different temperatures. https://scispace.com/papers/telephone-guided-self-help-for-mental-health-difficulties-in-1182pdxag2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-demographics-of-gsh-and-wlc-groups-2y8b66ta.png Table 1. Baseline demographics of GSH and WLC groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-scores-on-pre-post-measures-for-gsh-and-wlc-group-at-rahxjuiv.png Table 2. Scores on pre-post measures for GSH and WLC group at T1, T2 and follow-up for those with complete pre and post-measures https://scispace.com/papers/telerobotic-technology-for-nuclear-and-space-applications-mz71xg233m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-space-telerobot-control-architecture-1j9j2vtx.png Fig. 8 Space Telerobot Control Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-aims-control-architecture-153sa4ut.png Fig. 5 AIMS Control Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-space-telerobot-joint-differential-3fqhjxy6.png Fig. 7 Space Telerobot Joint Differential https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-advanced-integrated-maintenance-system-vi0iuu1d.png Fig. 1 Advanced Integrated Maintenance System https://scispace.com/papers/teleportation-entanglement-and-thermodynamics-in-the-quantum-mltrw5tfgs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-geometric-way-to-quantify-entanglement-the-set-of-12en2qfa.png FIG. 5. A geometric way to quantify entanglement. The set of all density matrices T is represented by the outer circle. Its subset of disentangled (separable) states D, is represented by the inner circle. A state σ belongs to the entangled states, and ρ∗ is the disentangled state that minimizes the distance D(σ||ρ). This minimal distance can be defined as the amount of entanglement in σ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-basic-steps-of-quantum-state-teleportation-alice-3r6g7ffn.png FIG. 1. The basic steps of quantum state teleportation. Alice and Bob are spatially separated, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-again-alice-is-on-the-left-of-the-dashed-line-and-bob-swj6dn1e.png FIG. 2. Again Alice is on the left of the dashed line and Bob on the right side. Assume that initially Alice and Bob are sharing two particles in a maximally entangled state |ψ〉. Alice also holds a particle in an unknown state ρ while Bob holds a particle in the known state |0〉. The aim is that finally Alice and Bob have exchanged the states of their particles and that they are still sharing a pair of particles in the maximally entangled state |ψ〉. The question whether this protocol is possible will be answered in Section V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-diagramatical-proof-that-the-teleportation-protocol-2jsx3wm9.png FIG. 8. A diagramatical proof that the teleportation protocol in Fig. (2) is impossible. Alice is on the left of the dashed line, Bob on the right. Initially Alice is holding a mixed state ρ and Bob a particle in state |0〉. In addition Alice and Bob share a pair of maximally entangled particles in state |ψ+〉. The particle in the mixed state ρ that Alice is holding can be part of a pair of entangled particles. The aim is that finally, after the teleportation Bob holds the state ρ and Alice and Bob still have their two particles in a maximally entangled state |ψ+〉. However, not only the state ρ will be transferred to Bob but also its entanglement with other particles. Therefore after the envisaged teleportation Alice and Bob would be sharing more entanglement than initially. This contradicts the fundamental law of quantum information processing that entanglement cannot be increased. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-the-entanglement-of-formation-with-the-1v6gepyj.png FIG. 7. Comparison of the entanglement of formation with the relative entropy of entanglement for Werner states with fidelity F . The relative entropy of entanglement is always smaller than the entanglement of formation. This proves that in general entanglement is destroyed by local operations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-quantum-network-that-implements-quantum-privacy-xo8w8svk.png FIG. 3. The quantum network that implements quantum privacy amplification. Alice and Bob share two pairs of entangled particles. First Alice performs a one bit rotation R (given by the R in a circle) which takes |0〉 → (|0〉 − i|1〉)/ √ 2 and |1〉 → (|1〉 − i|0〉)/ √ 2 on her particles, while Bob performs the inverse rotation on his side. Then both parties perform a CNOT gate on their particles where the first pair provides the control bits (signified by the full circle) while the second pair provides the target bits (signified by the encircled cross). Finally Alice and Bob measure the second pair in the {0, 1} basis. They communicate their results to each other by classical communication (telephones). If their results coincide they keep the first pair, otherwise they discard it. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-summary-of-the-teleportation-protocol-between-alice-3jye7reo.png FIG. 6. Summary of the teleportation protocol between Alice and Bob in the presence of decoherence. (a) Alice (on the left side) holds an unknown quantum state |ψ〉 which she wants to transmit to Bob. Alice creates singlet states and sends one half down a noisy channel. (b) She repeats this procedure until Alice and Bob share many partially entangled states. (c) Then Alice and Bob apply a local entanglement purification procedure to distill a subensemble of pure singlet states. (d) This maximally entangled state can then be used to teleport the unknown state |ψ〉 to Bob. https://scispace.com/papers/teletherapy-for-children-with-developmental-disorders-during-2lk5hpprv9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-satisfaction-and-confidence-ratings-of-parents-and-mrh5j75y.png Table 1. Satisfaction and confidence ratings of parents and therapists on components of teletherapy delivery. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-themes-that-represent-the-enablers-challenges-and-j8n07l18.png Table 2. Themes that represent the enablers, challenges, and future insights in relation to teletherapy from the perspectives of parents and therapists of children receiving teletherapy. https://scispace.com/papers/teleportation-fidelity-as-a-probe-of-sub-planck-phase-space-1jgnbkmdxc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-zureks-compass-state-with-a-5-2-as-depicted-by-a-phr-2-3mzj2ocb.png FIG. 1: Zurek’s compass state with a = 5/ √ 2 as depicted by (a) |Φρ|2, (b) (π/2)Wρ, and (c) πQρ. The Wigner function displays fine-scale structure on the scale ℓc = 1/ √ 2a = 0.20, and the size of its large-scale extent is given roughly by Lc = 2/ℓc = 10. These scales are reversed in the characteristic function, which has an extent characterized by π/ℓc = πLc/2 = 16 and finescale structure on a scale π/Lc = πℓc/2 = 0.31. In (a) and (b), the scale bars indicate πLc/2 and Lc, respectively, and the insets, which are blow-ups of the regions bounded by dashed lines, show the fine-scale structure in more detail, with scale bars indicating πℓc/2 and ℓc, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-chaotic-state-produced-by-the-driven-double-well-1qj5adzo.png FIG. 5: A chaotic state produced by the driven double-well Hamiltonian (5.28) as depicted by (a) |Φρ|2, (b) (π/2)Wρ, and (c) πQρ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-average-fidelity-5-24-for-random-states-with-n-1-2-3ni9iec7.png FIG. 4: The average fidelity (5.24) for random states with N = 1, 2, . . . , 100 (lighter tones from top to bottom). The case N = 1, which reduces to the coherent-state fidelity (5.2), is highlighted (dashed), and the level of fidelity at the critical squeezing value tc is plotted (dash-dotted), showing again that to achieve a fidelity of approximately 1/2 or better requires t < tc. The fidelities of the particular random state in Fig. 4 (dark full) and the chaotic state in Fig. 5 (dotted) are also drawn; they are essentially indistinguishable. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-random-state-with-n-100-as-depicted-by-a-phr-2-b-p-2-3t9gutie.png FIG. 3: A random state with N = 100 as depicted by (a) |Φρ|2, (b) (π/2)Wρ, and (c) πQρ. The Wigner function displays finescale structure on the scale ℓc = 1/ √ N = 0.10, and the size of its large-scale extent is given approximately by Lc = 2/ℓc = 20. These scales are reversed in the characteristic function, which has an extent characterized by π/ℓc = πLc/2 = 31 and fine-scale structure on a scale π/Lc = πℓc/2 = 0.16. The scale bars and insets in (a) and (b) are as in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-average-fidelity-5-16-of-the-compass-states-for-a-0-ee52cfqh.png FIG. 2: (a) Average fidelity (5.16) of the compass states for a = 0, 0.1, 0.2, . . . , 5 (lighter tones from top to bottom) and of the compass state in Fig. 1 (full dark). The upper and lower bounds from Eq. (5.16) are also shown (dashed), as is the level of fidelity at the critical squeezing parameter tc = 2ℓ 2 c (dash-dotted). When a = 0 the compass state is a single coherent state centered at the origin with fidelity (upper dashed curve) given by Eq. (5.2). The a → ∞ bound 1/4(1 + t/2) from Eq. (5.16) is shown as the lower dashed curve, most of which is obscured by the full dark line for the state of Fig. 1. The dash-dotted curve shows that to achieve a fidelity of approximately 1/2 or better, we need to teleport with a squeezing parameter t < tc. (b) Average fidelity of the compass states as a function of a for t = 0.2, 0.4, . . . , 6 (lighter tones from top to bottom). The fidelity declines sharply when a = p π/2 (dashed), at which point the four coherent states are separated by a distance specified by a von Neumann lattice. This is the separation at which the interference fringes and checkerboard pattern of Fig. 1 appear. https://scispace.com/papers/tell-me-how-you-feel-and-i-will-tell-you-who-you-are-first-3il3it24x6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-locations-of-emotions-when-plotted-along-the-1uhwf0xq.png FIGURE 2: The locations of emotions, when plotted along the three main dimensions of affective space as demonstrated by Fontaine et al. (2007), are depicted in panels a (pleasantness × potency) and b (pleasantness × arousal). The size of the marker in panels a and b indicates the level of variability across three different languages/cultures. Panels a and b are reprinted with permission. Locations of affect scores (component loadings) plotted along the corresponding dimensions derived from principal component analysis of the AII are depicted in panels c (pleasantness × potency) and d (pleasantness × arousal). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-predicted-patterns-of-correlations-between-discrete-1piu2tpi.png FIGURE 1: Predicted patterns of correlations between discrete affect scores from the AII and IIP-64 subscales. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-predicted-and-obtained-patterns-of-correlations-1gezrg8h.png FIGURE 3: Predicted and obtained patterns of correlations between discrete affect scores from the AII and IIP-64 subscales: PA = Domineering; BC = Vindictive; DE = Cold; FG = Socially Inhibited; HI = Non-Assertive; JK = Overly Accommodating; and LM = Self-Sacrificing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-hypotheses-and-obtained-results-omf2t39e.png TABLE 5: Summary of hypotheses and obtained results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-associations-between-aii-scores-and-emotion-22jn8c6y.png TABLE 4: Associations between AII scores and emotion regulation strategies, alexithymia scores, psychological distress, and overall interpersonal problems. https://scispace.com/papers/tell-me-what-you-see-i-will-tell-you-what-you-remember-4vx2pms8tf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-the-permutation-test-l30vinr9.png Table 1: Results of the permutation test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-difference-between-data-and-normal-distribution-g0d4cnht.png Figure 1: Difference between data and normal distribution https://scispace.com/papers/tem-investigation-of-titanium-silicide-schottky-contacts-on-2orfwzik0s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-alternate-layers-of-ti-and-si-with-a-1-2-ratio-363l7agz.png Fig. 1. Alternate layers of Ti and Si with a 1:2 ratio deposited on GaAs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-layer-adjacent-to-the-gaas-substrate-in-a-sample-2oaxnjxz.png Fig. 7. The layer adjacent to the GaAs substrate in a sample with the 1:3 Ti:Si ratio. The trace of the original interface from https://scispace.com/papers/temozolomide-for-children-and-adolescents-with-diffuse-1fdx9ebc6q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-risk-of-bias-criteria-for-observational-studies-3azsuv9a.png Table 1. Risk of bias criteria for observational studies https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-and-suction-effects-on-the-instability-of-an-3m9rxbargv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-wall-pressure-perturbations-m-155-u525deg-weak-shock-3dfjlubr.png FIG. 2. ~a! Wall pressure perturbations,M 155, u525° ~weak-shock solution!, fast acoustic mode,a151, a250, a351. Shock location perturbations, M155, u525° ~weak-shock solution!, fast acoustic mode,a151, a250, a351. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-variation-ofki-of-the-eigenvalue-family-i-with-u-for-149yj2wa.png FIG. 4. ~a! Variation ofKi of the eigenvalue family~i! with u, for M 155 ~weak-shock solution!, a151, a250, a351. ~b! Variation ofKr of the eigenvalue family ~ii ! and ~iii ! with u, for M 155 ~weak-shock solution!, a151, a250, a351. ~c! Variation of Ki of the eigenvalue family~ii ! and ~iii ! with u, for M155 ~weak-shock solution!, a151, a250, a351. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-variation-of-ki-of-the-eigenvalue-family-i-with-a2-11n5f6lz.png FIG. 3. ~a! Variation of Ki of the eigenvalue family~i! with a2 , for u525°, M155 ~weak-shock solution!, a151, a250. ~b! Variation of Ki of the eigenvalue family~ii ! and~iii ! with a2 , for u525°, M155 ~weak-shock solution!, a151, a250. ~c! Variation ofKr of the eigenvalue family~ii ! and~iii ! with a2 , for u525°, M 155 ~weak-shock solution!, a151, a250. https://scispace.com/papers/temperament-character-and-serotonin-activity-in-the-human-403vyccr0s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-self-directedness-correlates-with-serotonin-2jnn5pvn.png Fig. 3. ‘ Self-directedness ’ correlates with serotonin transporter (5-HTT) binding potential in the dorsal raphe nucleus (n=21). (a) The results are visualized on an anatomically standardized T1-weighted magnetic resonance image. Cluster-level p=0.004 (corrected for multiple comparisons). Cluster size=199 voxels. Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) x, y, z coordinates in millimetres of peak voxelx4,x26,x4. (b) Individual mean binding potential (BPND) values extracted from the cluster using the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-examples-of-11c-n-n-dimethyl-2-2-amino-4-1mrgkus9.png Fig. 2. Examples of [11C]N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-methylphenylthio)benzylamine ([11C]MADAM) binding potential (BPND) in three different brain regions : (a) subgenual anterior cingulate cortex ; (b) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ; (c) amygdala. Statistically significant differences were not found in any region (p>0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-self-directedness-and-cooperativeness-partial-2jibnrpg.png Table 2. ‘Self-directedness ’ and ‘ cooperativeness ’ partial correlations with regional [11C]MADAM BPND (n=21)a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-uptake-of-11c-n-n-dimethyl-2-2-amino-4-21h68468.png Fig. 1. Uptake of [11C]N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-methylphenylthio)bene ([11C]MADAM) in the human brain showing (a) coronal, (b) sagittal and (c) axial slices (integrated images from 0–75 min). The highest uptake is observed in the midbrain and the lowest in the cerebellum. https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-and-exposure-time-dependent-scintillation-of-eu-2e7zx9er8m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-x-ray-excited-luminescence-spectra-of-the-na9-eu-w5o18-12acmltd.png Fig. 4. X-ray excited luminescence spectra of the Na9[Eu(W5O18)2]·14H2O sample recorded at different temperatures, normalized by intensity of the 5D0→7F1 line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-r21-parameter-as-a-function-of-the-temperature-the-1ctlb5g1.png Fig. 5. R21 parameter as a function of the temperature. The parameters were obtained from emission spectra recorded under different excitations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-emission-intensity-of-the-na9-eu-w5o18-2-14h2o-1j26pt6k.png Fig. 3. (a) Emission intensity of the Na9[Eu(W5O18)2]·14H2O sample (given by area under the line assigned to the 5D0→7F1 transition) as a function of the X-ray exposure time in a 12 h experiment: four cycles of 2 h under X-ray on and 1 h under X-ray off. UV-PLS measurements were performed each X-ray off interval. (b) Schematic energy level diagram of the Na9[Eu(W5O18)2]·14H2O. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-x-ray-excited-luminescence-spectra-of-the-na9-eu-w5o18-3oxaigpu.png Fig. 6. X-ray excited luminescence spectra of the Na9[Eu(W5O18)2]·14H2O sample after thermal treatment at different temperatures, recorded at 298 K after sample cooling. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-x-ray-excited-luminescence-spectra-of-the-na9-eu-w5o18-1w7uq1j3.png Fig. 1. X-ray excited luminescence spectra of the Na9[Eu(W5O18)2]·14H2O sample recorded at beginning (2min) and ending (480min) of the X-ray exposure time experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-x-ray-excited-luminescence-intensity-of-the-na9-eu-1jcxbi2r.png Fig. 2. X-ray excited luminescence intensity of the Na9[Eu(W5O18)2]·14H2O sample (given by area under the line assigned to the 5D0→7F1 transition) as a function of the X-ray exposure time in a 24 h experiment: 8 h under X-ray on, 12 h under X-ray off and 4 h under X-ray on. https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-and-wind-induced-air-flow-patterns-in-a-3puc3zluox 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-of-the-calculated-pressure-differences-at-1ufz3kkz.png Fig. 11. Comparison of the calculated pressure differences at the ground floor and 8th floor for different surface pressure profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-c-typical-floor-plan-and-d-staircase-section-350sx5sj.png Fig. 2. (C) typical floor plan, and (d) staircase section. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-a-summary-of-the-different-wind-pressure-profiles-2x1x319o.png Fig. 12. A summary of the different wind pressure profiles used in this computer simulation study (Vwind (10 m) = 3 m/s). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-influence-of-ambient-air-temperature-changes-onto-the-2kfuzrx6.png Fig. 8. Influence of ambient air temperature changes onto the air flow to the staircase from different floors (Vwind = 2 m/s). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-wind-effect-onto-the-air-current-from-the-corridors-to-2za1w0ed.png Fig. 7. Wind effect onto the air current from the corridors to the staircase at different floor levels (a out = 13 0 C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-computer-calculated-in-exflltration-flows-from-the-2917e3kj.png Fig. 6(a). Computer calculated in-/exflltration flows from .the staircase through air leakages in the outside surface of the building as a function of the building height (eou' = 130 C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-b-thermal-pressure-difference-as-a-function-of-the-2ji9241f.png Fig. 1. (b) Thermal pressure difference as a function of the type of construction for tin > tout and the air leakage uniformly distributed over the building shell. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-initial-tracer-gas-concentration-in-the-stairwell-148l5chr.png Fig. 13. Initial tracer gas concentration in the stairwell. https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-changes-in-central-asia-from-1979-to-2011-based-13xh37na2d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-trends-of-temperature-change-a-from-1979-to-2011-based-1zjvvbz8.png FIG. 3. Trends of temperature change: (a) from 1979 to 2011 based on observational records from 81meteorological stations; (b) for 1979– 2011 and 1960–2011 revealed by records from 62meteorological stations; (c) for 1901–2009, 1960–2009, and 1979–2009 revealed by theCRU dataset; (d) for 1979–2011 revealed by the CFSR reanalysis dataset; (e) for 1979–2011 revealed by the ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset; and (f) for 1979–2011 revealed by the MERRA reanalysis dataset. In each panel, annual mean temperatures are shown by the dots along with a linear fit to the data to show the trend in temperature variation. The yellow curve is a smoothed depiction using 5-yr moving average to capture the variations in the data. The 95% confidence interval envelope is shown by cyan color (annual values exceed those limits). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-spatial-pattern-of-differences-in-decadal-mean-2394csme.png FIG. 7. Spatial pattern of differences in decadal mean temperature (8C) for different datasets: (left) the difference between the 1990s and 1980s and (right) the difference between the 2000s1 (2000–11) and 1990s: datasets (top)–(bottom) CRU, CFSR, ERA-Interim, and MERRA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-spatial-pattern-of-spring-warming-rate-8cdecade21-1yo0o312.png FIG. 10. Spatial pattern of spring warming rate (8Cdecade21) from 1979 to 2011 in central Asia according to the four reanalysis datasets: (a) CRU, (b) CFSR, (c) ERA-Interim, and (d) MERRA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-changes-in-total-water-for-irrigation-and-rwqszwf2.png FIG. 11. (a) Changes in total water for irrigation and irrigation intensity in the five central Asian states from 1994 to 2008 (Dukhovny et al. 2009) indicating a declining irrigation in the region. (b) Pairing ofmeteorological stations located in the irrigated landwith the closest stations outside the irrigated land. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-percentage-of-stations-and-study-area-according-to-the-1osi56s9.png FIG. 2. Percentage of stations and study area (according to the CRU, CFSR, ERA-Interim, and MERRA datasets) showing no change (white) or significant (at the 95% confidence level) warming (stippled) or cooling (gray) in surface temperature during 1979–2011. Results in are derived based on (a) linear trend fit and (b) the M-K test. Along the abscissa, ANN indicates annual, MAM spring, JJA summer, SON fall, and DJF winter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-spatial-pattern-of-annual-temperature-change-rates-290xqzvm.png FIG. 6. Spatial pattern of annual temperature change rates (8Cdecade21) in central Asia from 1979 to 2011 based on linear trend fitting. Circles show the locations of the meteorological stations and the filling color indicates the rate of change from available observational data. Note that the white areas and circles indicate temperature changes that are insignificant at the 95% level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-top-bottom-annual-and-seasonal-temperature-trends-from-c2r4nke8.png FIG. 9. (top)–(bottom) Annual and seasonal temperature trends from 1979 to 2011 (ordinate, 8Cdecade21) as function of elevation (abscissa, mMSL) in the Tian Shanmountainous area (see Fig. 1a for the geographical location of this area) based on (left)–(right) CFSR, ERA-Interim, and MERRA datasets. ANN indicates annual, MAM spring, JJA summer, SON fall, and DJF winter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-of-the-observed-temperature-change-rates-3ipzctav.png TABLE 6. Comparison of the observed temperature change rates from 1979 to 2011 between stations in irrigated land and the selected stations out of irrigated land in the five central Asian states. https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-aspects-of-pulsed-ion-bombardment-in-an-4c34s9t99b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-for-cavity-i-umber-density-n-mean-void-2f3rnai0.png TABLE 1 Values for cavity i-umber density (N), mean void diameter (d), swelling (S), and https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-for-pulse-irradiated-specimens-which-also-qs0rl4so.png TABLE 2 Data for pulse-irradiated specimens which also experienced synchronous temperature variations https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-compensated-radio-frequency-harmonic-bulk-vhz7iyqj3m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-electrical-results-s11-magnitude-variations-vs-1v53pycu.png Figure 9. Electrical results: S11 magnitude variations vs. applied mass. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-somos-lapping-polishing-machine-3q4kgvt7.png Figure 7. SOMOS lapping/polishing machine https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cantilever-beam-submitted-to-bending-force-lr4bykot.png Figure 1. Cantilever beam submitted to bending force simulated by static finite element analysis. The defect in the middle of the beam is used further in the proposed development https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-archetypal-structure-of-the-device-the-micro-cavity-2govec2q.png Figure 4. Archetypal structure of the device (the micro-cavity surface coincides at minimum with the transducer aperture) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-waves-and-neutral-line-behaviors-in-the-case-of-2020i0hy.png Figure 3. Waves and neutral line behaviors in the case of cantilever with micro-cavity and HBAR built above it. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stress-variations-as-a-function-of-the-3828jpk1.png Figure 2. Stress variations as a function of the crystallographic direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-electrical-results-y11-magnitude-variations-vs-27kkvhxj.png Figure 11. Electrical results: Y11 magnitude variations vs. applied pressure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-frequency-variation-vs-temperature-for-different-2f2aurmq.png Figure 12. Frequency variation vs. temperature for different picks of resonance of one HBAR https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-dependence-of-aerosol-optical-depth-over-the-1rnq201ir0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-yearly-anomalies-in-summertime-jja-southeastern-us-1y28on4y.png Figure 3: Yearly anomalies in summertime (JJA) southeastern US regional mean ”non-anthropogenic” AOD vs. LST, for the years 2005– 2011. Non-anthropogenic AOD is based on L3 AATSR AOD and OMI tropospheric NO2 observations. LST is from L3 AATSR. The dashed line represents the linear fit to the data ( ) and the error bars represent the uncertainty caused by averaging. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-yearly-anomalies-in-summertime-jja-southeastern-us-2ak20zf7.png Figure 4: Yearly anomalies in summertime (JJA) southeastern US regional aerosol optical depth (AOD) vs. mean land surface temperature (LST) for the years 2002–2010. Based on the CONTROL simulation. The fitted lines represent two data sets separated based on the SO4 burden: red ( ) and blue ( ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-satellite-products-used-in-the-project-1mknbccz.png Table 1: Satellite products used in the project. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-yearly-anomalies-in-summertime-jja-aerosol-optical-1u98ivvr.png Figure 1: Yearly anomalies in summertime (JJA) aerosol optical depth (AOD) over southeastern US vs. regional mean land surface temperature (LST) for the years 2003–2011. LST and AOD are from L3 AATSR. Linear fits for the two time periods: red ( https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-daily-aod-cycle-for-two-summers-jja-in-the-2pajrk3a.png Figure 6: Daily AOD cycle for two summers (JJA) in the southeastern US. Based on 90 day averages from the noAQSOA, noBB and noBIOSOA simulations. Summer 2008 was warmer and summer 2009 colder than the average in the model results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-absolute-difference-between-the-monthly-aod-values-yymry7zh.png Figure 5: Absolute difference between the monthly AOD values in the CONTROL simulation and the noBB, noSOA and noAQSOA simulations vs. LST anomaly for the summers (JJA) 2002-2010. The linear fits for the differences are: red ( https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-yearly-anomalies-in-summertime-jja-southeastern-s1kc9ofg.png Figure 2: A) Yearly anomalies in summertime (JJA) southeastern US regional mean AOD vs. tropospheric NO2 column densities for the years 2005–2011. Color scale represents LST. B) Annual and summertime averages of tropospheric NO2 over the southeastern US. LST and AOD are from L3 AATSR and tropospheric NO2 from L3 OMI. https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-dependence-of-minimum-resource-requirements-1tavcea41c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-key-traits-for-nitrogen-and-light-competition-1bq3cybe.png Figure 3. The key traits for nitrogen and light competition depend on experimental temperature. The effect of temperature on maximum growth rate under optimal light levels (i.e., I = Iopt, and without adjusting for heterotrophic growth, if any) (a, b) and unlimited nitrate (c, d). The effect of temperature on the initial slope of the light growth curve, α (e, f) and of the nitrogen growth curve (g, h). The effect of temperature on the specific growth rate at I = 0, i.e. in the absence of light (parameter h), implying heterotrophic growth (i, j), on the species background mortality, m (k, l) and on the optimal irradiance for growth, Iopt (m, n). Panels a, c, e, g, i, k, m show within-species patterns in irradiance and nitrogen competition traits across temperature. Panels b, d, f, h, j, l, n show across-species patterns in irradiance and nitrogen competition traits across temperature, using GAMMs. Significant (non-significant at α = 0.05) smoothed trends are indicated by solid (dashed) lines, and shaded bands show ± 1SE. The plotted data points are corrected to remove differences between species in the mean trait value across temperatures. The x-axis represents temperature values that have been standardized so that all species had their trait maximum at the same position (0 o C). https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-dependence-of-structural-dynamics-at-the-ie1er66sin 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-temperature-series-of-fe-xanes-spectra-of-crhyda1-1w96n4f3.png Figure 4: Temperature series of Fe XANES spectra of CrHydA1. Top panel: oxidized protein. Bottom panel: reduced protein. Spectra correspond to samples with prevailing (~65±5 %) oxidized (mainly Hox) or reduced (mainly Hred´ and Hred) H-cluster states as derived from FTIR analysis (Fig. S2) and were collected at the indicated temperatures (±2 K). The insets show the K-edge energies (at about edge half-height, dashes mark the mean energies). Fig. S9 shows a direct comparison of mean spectra of oxidized or reduced CrHydA1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-h-cluster-configurations-and-ir-frequency-136njmlk.png Table 3: H-cluster configurations and IR frequency correlation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-atr-ftir-spectra-of-crhyda1-h-cluster-states-were-1umibn2v.png Figure 2: ATR FTIR spectra of CrHydA1. H-cluster states were electrochemically enriched and spectra analyzed with a joint-fit. (A) Raw spectra in the CO/CN– band region (experimental data, black lines; fit curves, blue/red/magenta lines; baselines, green lines; spectra were vertically stacked for clarity). Fit parameters are listed in Table S3. (B) Spectra after background subtraction and normalization (experimental data, black lines; fit curves for the dominant H-cluster states, blue/red/magenta lines; residuals for fit curves as in (A), green lines). The bottom traces show experimental and fitted spectra accounting for the further Hcluster states, e.g., minor unbound 2Feadt.59 (C) FTIR difference spectra calculated from data in (B). Band frequencies of Hox, Hred, or Hsred are indicated. The following state populations (in %) were derived (Hox/Hred/Hsred/Hhyd/Hx/2Feadt, Hx is mainly Hox-CO and Hred´) in the samples: Hox, 76/2/1/2/5/14; Hred, 1/67/0/7/5/20; Hsred, 0/1/68/8/3/18. (D) Normalized spectra of pure Hox, Hred, and Hsred after subtraction of other contributions from spectra in (B) (experimental data, black lines; fit curves, blue/red/magenta lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-crystal-structure-of-the-h-cluster-the-structure-is-1ai1qnzj.png Figure 1: Crystal structure of the H-cluster. The structure is for CpI [FeFe]-hydrogenase and assigned to the Hox state (PDB-ID 4XDC, 1.63 Å resolution).8 Orientations of terminal or bridging CN–/CO ligands are annotated;9 Fep,d, proximal or distal iron atom of the diiron site; adt = azadithiolate ligand (NH(SCH2)2)10; the magenta circle marks the open coordination site at Fed; w denotes water molecules conserved in many structures and involved in two proton transfer pathways to [2Fe]H (p1, via, e.g., Cys299 and Ser323) or [4Fe]H (p2).11-13 Lys358, Pro231, and Ser232 (Ala in CrHydA1) contribute to hydrogen-bonding of the CN– ligands. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-temperature-dependence-of-exafs-spectra-of-crhyda1-mjm9edx7.png Figure 5: Temperature dependence of EXAFS spectra of CrHydA1. Data correspond to XANES and FTIR spectra in Figs. 4 and S2. (A) Fourier-transforms of EXAFS spectra in the inset of oxidized CrHydA1. (B) Fourier-transforms of EXAFS spectra in the inset of reduced CrHydA1. Main panels: experimental data; insets: black lines, experimental data and colored lines, simulations (vertically stacked). (C) Interatomic distances, R, from EXAFS simulations (dashed lines guide the eye). (D and E) Respective Debye-Waller factors, 22 (left y-axes), for ironligand bonds (D) or Fe-Fe distances (E) (smoothed over 2 data points). Corresponding rootmean-square deviations, , of interatomic distances are shown on the right y-axes in panels D and E. The lines in (D and E) are linear fits for mean 22 values of oxidized and reduced CrHydA1 below or above 200 K. The EXAFS fits comprised the following coordination numbers, N, per Fe ion (mean R values or values for ox/red ±standard deviation in parenthesis): Fe-C(=N/O) (2.29±0.01 Å) and Fe(-C)=N/O = 1 (R = 3.1±0.05 Å), Fe-S = 3.33 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-h-cluster-reaction-pathways-in-the-catalytic-cycle-3jxcdncb.png Figure 7: H-cluster reaction pathways. In the catalytic cycle starting from Hox, the first reduction and protonation via channel p2 from a base (B, possibly a water molecule) at a cysteine ligand of [4Fe]H yields Hred´, which after a second reduction and transfer of two protons via channel p1 including the N(adt) yields H2. PCET and H2 formation reactions after Hred´ comprise Hhyd and possibly further transient species (e.g., HoxH). Hindered [4Fe]H protonation via channel p2 biases the first reduction to [2Fe]H and, at room temperature, results in transient N(adt) (HredH+) or Fed (Hhyd:ox) protonation via channel p1, so that ligand rearrangement can yield a µH– in Hred as a state at lowest energy. [4Fe]H protonation and ligand rearrangement are proposed to be impaired at cryogenic temperatures. A further reduction gives the respective HsredH+, Hhyd:red, and Hsred species (not shown). For details on the rationalization of our catalytic cycle proposal see SI text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-exafs-simulation-parameters-a-1m0c2sam.png Table 2: EXAFS simulation parameters.a https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ir-signatures-of-h-cluster-states-3dyxpr53.png Table 1: IR signatures of H-cluster states. https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-dependence-of-the-fundamental-edge-of-germanium-mia7ud2adf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-compound-a-a-6pk055xy.png Table III. Compound a (A) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-detai-of-the-contributi6ns-which-add-to-give-the-2qh7t4k7.png Table II. Detai~of the contributi6ns which add to give the temperature coefficients of the fundamental gap in some cubic semiconductors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-comparison-of-both-calculated-and-experimental-ft418dlu.png Table IV. Comparison of both calculated and experimental values for the temperature dependence of the direct and indirect gaps of GaP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-correspondence-between-atomic-energies-and-crystal-1ahiap6g.png Fig. 1. Correspondence between atomic energies and crystal energies ·at k=O for a covalent semiconductor. A decrease in potential https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-temperature-dependence-of-the-fundamental-edge-versus-2qfkrjyn.png Fig. 5. Temperature dependence of the fundamental edge versus ionicity for the two isoelectronic sequences Ge-GaAs-ZnSe and InSb-CdTe. The estimated error is +0.2 10-4 eV/°K for Ge and the III-V https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-comparison-of-experimental-results-and-calculated-18bohkc0.png Table VII. Comparison of experimental results and calculated values, first in this work, second in the works of Tsay et al. (refs. 5 & 6) with a systematic use of the pseudopotential form factors of ref. 28. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-change-in-admixture-coefficients-for-the-conduction-1hyxk688.png Table I. Change in admixture coefficients for the conduction https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-1uoqn47l.png Table VI. https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-dependent-chemical-state-of-the-nickel-catalyst-20gog3iwjt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-xrd-diffractograms-of-the-products-synthesized-9ucgkl1k.png Figure 1. The XRD diffractograms of the products synthesized at 300, 400, 500 and 600 oC. https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-dependence-of-the-magnetic-susceptibility-of-3i2lgek3lx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-temperature-dependence-of-for-o2-a-o2-b-and-o2-c-2ttdw5m1.png Fig. 2. Temperature dependence of for -O2 (a), -O2 (b), and -O2 (c). Comparison with experimental data from literature: , — the present work; — Ref. 3; — Ref. 4; , — Ref. 5; — Ref. 6; open-stars — polycrystalline samples with defferent predominating orientation and — powder samples from Ref. 7; filled circles and half-filled circles — curves 1 and 2, respectively, from Ref. 8; — from Ref. 9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-temperature-dependence-of-magnetic-susceptibility-t-of-1bvrs0qh.png Fig. 1. Temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility ( )T of solid oxygen. Experimental data: — raising temperature, — lowering temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-dependent-electron-hole-recombination-in-polymer-4g0tvpkqiz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-temperature-dependence-of-the-bimolecular-2vmurlo4.png FIG. 2. Temperature dependence of the bimolecular recombination constant ~circles! as directly obtained from theJ–V characteristics as shown in Fig. 1 using the device model defined by Eqs.~3!–~8!. Also shown is the temperature dependence of the Langevin bimolecular recombination constant ~solid line! as predicted by Eq.~9! with mn5mp . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-and-calculated-solid-lines-j-v-2et15mrb.png FIG. 1. Experimental and calculated~solid lines! J–V characteristics for an ITO/PPV/Au hole-only device~squares! and an ITO/PPV/Ca double-carrier device~circles! with a thickness ofL5280 nm atT5303, T5252, andT 5212 K. The double-carrierJ–V characteristics are corrected for a built-in voltageVbi of 1.5 eV which arises from the work function difference between the ITO and the Ca contact. The hole-only device is modeled using SCLC in combination with a field dependent mobility according to Eqs.~6! and ~7!, the double injection current is numerically solved from Eqs.~3! to ~8!. https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-dependent-mean-free-path-spectra-of-thermal-1ow08y0uxf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-thickness-dependent-thermal-conductivities-and-c-mfp-2xq4loi3.png FIG. 4: Thickness dependent thermal conductivities and c-MFP spectra reconstruction. Experimental measurements of kc (blue open squares) and the corresponding reconstructed accumulative thermal conductivity as a function of c-MFP (red lines) in graphite samples at various temperatures: (a) 294 K, (b) 100 K, (c) 60 K and (d) 40 K. As temperature decreases, the c-MFPs increase to a maximum of around 600 nm at 40 K. The x-axis corresponds to thickness for the experimental data and c-MFP for the c-MFP reconstruction. Inset: The suppression function (blue solid line) and the kernel function (red solid line) versus Knudsen number, which are used to perform the reconstruction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-distributions-of-c-mfps-in-hopg-samples-a-differential-1o499rxm.png FIG. 5: Distributions of c-MFPs in HOPG samples: (a) Differential phonon c-MFP spectra at different temperatures. (b) Upper (green dashed line) and lower (red dashed line) limit of phonon c-MFPs which carry and transport heat. The black dashed line indicates the c-MFPmid, or the midpoint c-MFP. The blue solid line indicates the c-MFPP , corresponding to the c-MFP where the maximum of the differential c-MFP spectrum occurs. The c-MFP bandwidth is much narrower than in isotropic crystals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tem-images-on-the-cross-section-of-a-bulk-graphite-1s6kfthv.png FIG. 3: TEM images on the cross section of a bulk graphite sample. Bright field (BF) (a) and dark field (DF) (b) TEM images on the same region of the same sample. Numerous wide dark strips in the BF image can be easily located in the DF image, which are shown as bright strips and indicate grains of a specific orientation distinct from the other areas. (c) A magnified BF TEM image of dark and bright regions. Non-uniformity within dark regions can be identified by the fluctuation in the contrast. (d) High resolution TEM image on the boundary of a dark and a bright region. Both regions demonstrate nice atomic layered structure, which indicates that they share the same c-axis but are of different rotational orientations. Scale bars are 1 µm (a), 1 µm (b), 200 nm (c) and 10 nm (d), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-temperature-dependent-and-thickness-dependent-thermal-1lxu6csx.png FIG. 2: Temperature dependent and thickness dependent thermal conductivities. Temperature dependent data (symbols connected with dotted lines) of samples thicker than 400 nm (a) and thinner than 400 nm (b) . Data from Ref. 12 (squares) for the same thickness range is also shown. Similar trends are observed. Thermal conductivity of graphite samples as a function of thickness for temperatures (c) greater than 100 K and (d) less than and including 100 K. Experimental data from Ref. 12 at room temperature only (squares) are also shown here for comparison. Both sets of room temperature data present the same trend. “*” denotes the data from Ref. 12. https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-dependent-self-compensation-in-al-and-ga-doped-3hvnycsz9g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-wide-angle-xrd-2h-x-scans-for-a-al-and-b-ga-doped-mg0-3w069sci.png FIG. 1. Wide-angle XRD 2H x scans for (a) Al- and (b) Ga-doped Mg0:05Zn0:95O thin films with a thickness of 270 nm and 360 nm, respectively. These samples were grown at 200 C, and post-annealed in a vacuum at 400 C. Note that the measurements data for annealed films were taken after the final annealing step ( 6 h). The Au contacts used for the Halleffect measurement cause the (111)-Au reflexion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-free-charge-carrier-density-mobility-and-estimated-17uswykj.png FIG. 2. Free charge carrier density, mobility, and estimated doping efficiency, i.e., Nd;act ¼ n=½Al (or n=½Ga ), as a function of growth temperature for (a) Al- and (b) Ga-doped Mg0:05Zn0:95O thin films. The dashed lines are a guide for the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-free-charge-carrier-density-and-the-absorption-edge-1wd17dlr.png TABLE I. Free charge carrier density and the absorption edge of Mg0:05Zn0:95O:(Al/Ga) thin films that have a fixed dopant concentration of Nd 2:5 at:%¼̂1 1021cm 3. Post-annealing was performed for 6 h in a vacuum at 400 C. The values of the absorption edge determined from transmission and ellipsometry data are in good agreement within about 60.05 eV; thus, averages are listed. Note that due to the absence of the transmission data, the absorption edge values for as-grown Al-doped films at 25 C and 300 C were not included. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-free-charge-carrier-density-b-mobility-and-c-2z8qechd.png FIG. 6. (a) Free charge carrier density, (b) mobility, and (c) resistivity versus Al concentration for Mg0:05Zn0:95O:Al thin films grown on indicated substrates at different growth temperatures. Blue circles are indications of the minimum resistivity of qmin ¼ 4:8 10 4 X cm with corresponding n ¼ 6:2 1020cm 3 and lHall ¼ 21:2 cm2=V s, which were depicted for the sample grown at Tg ¼ 300 C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-free-carrier-density-and-b-estimated-doping-26sjhvjg.png FIG. 5. (a) Free carrier density, and (b) estimated doping efficiency versus growth/annealing temperature. Al- and Ga-doped films are given with green and blue symbols, respectively. Note that the films presented with filled symbols have the dopant concentration of >1 at:% (mostly 2 at:%), where the films with 1 at:% are given with open symbols. (c) Absorption edge versus free charge carrier density for different growth/annealing temperatures. The share of the Mg incorporation to the bandgap shift of the alloys was subtracted by using Eqs. (2) and (3). The symbols that indicate the annealed samples are labelled with the letter “A.” The dashed lines and grey area are guides for the eye. Literature data are taken from Refs. 6,7,9, and 20–39. Note that the absorption edge values were mainly obtained from transmission data, except for the data of Ref. 31 and this study, where ellipsometry data were also used. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dependence-of-the-hall-mobility-on-the-annealing-time-39n1250j.png FIG. 4. Dependence of the Hall mobility on the annealing time for (a) Aland (b) Ga-doped Mg0:05Zn0:95O thin films. Post-annealing was performed in a vacuum at 400 C. The lines are a guide for the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dependence-of-the-free-charge-carrier-density-on-the-1uumx6m0.png FIG. 3. Dependence of the free charge carrier density on the annealing time for (a) Al- and (b) Ga-doped Mg0:05Zn0:95O thin films. Post-annealing was performed in a vacuum at 400 C. The lines are a guide for the eye. https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-dependent-nir-emitting-lanthanide-pmo-silica-328q2pjgho 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-compiled-emission-spectra-of-dppz-vsilica-nd-tta-3-1npgsov8.png Fig. 5 Compiled emission spectra of dppz-vSilica@Nd(tta)3 excited at different wavelengths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-combined-excitation-emission-luminescence-spectra-of-a-3ev1a8f8.png Fig. 6 Combined excitation–emission luminescence spectra of (a) dppz-ePMO@Yb(tta)3, (b) dppz-ePMO@Yb(bta)3, (c) dppz-vSilica@Yb (tta)3, and (d) dppz-vSilica@Yb(bta)3. All of the emission spectra where recorded when excited into the maximum of the broad bands and observed at the 2F5/2 → 2F7/2 transition peaks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-emission-spectra-of-er3-containing-materials-from-top-1u1zsfbn.png Fig. 7 Emission spectra of Er3+ containing materials (from top to bottom): dppz-ePMO@Er(tta)3, dppz-vSilica@Er(bta)3, and dppzvSilica@Er(tta)3. Only very weak emission is observed for these materials. No NIR emission was detected for the dppz-ePMO@Er(bta)3 material. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-luminescence-decay-times-of-mesoporous-materials-1sdmfqm2.png Table 1 Luminescence decay times of mesoporous materials https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-temperature-dependent-luminescence-of-the-dppz-3w0idai4.png Fig. 11 Temperature dependent luminescence of the dppz-vSilica@Yb (tta)3 material. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-temperature-dependent-luminescence-of-the-dppz-epmo-nd-3fnpui3i.png Fig. 8 Temperature dependent luminescence of the dppz-ePMO@Nd (tta)3 material. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-temperature-dependent-luminescence-of-the-dppz-epmo-23zso7xc.png Fig. 10 Temperature dependent luminescence of the dppz-ePMO@Yb (tta)3 material. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-temperature-dependent-luminescence-of-the-dppz-vsilica-3mxwfizt.png Fig. 9 Temperature dependent luminescence of the dppz-vSilica@Nd (tta)3 material. https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-dependent-raman-linewidths-in-transition-metal-1xpbh2xaj6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-eigen-atomic-displacement-patterns-for-the-raman-r-1swj2nuf.png FIG. 1: Eigen atomic displacement patterns for the Raman (R) modes at the zone centre for 2H bulk and monolayer TMDs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-temperature-independent-contributions-fwhmmd-amd-15j0vgwm.png TABLE II: Temperature-independent contributions FWHMmd ≡ αmd from the isotopic mass defects and FWHM due to spontaneous anharmonic decay β0 in bulk and monolayer TMDs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-theoretical-results-for-the-temperature-variation-of-u057ip85.png FIG. 4: Theoretical results for the temperature variation of the Raman linewidth in ideally perfect https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-frequency-and-masses-of-stable-isotopes-for-mo-w-s-yk6xg57c.png TABLE I: Frequency and masses of stable isotopes for Mo, W, S, and Te, taken from Ref. [23]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-predicted-width-and-temperature-variation-of-raman-j9w68r8l.png FIG. 5: Predicted width and temperature variation of Raman modes in MoS2. Experimental linewidth results are obtained by fitting a pair of Lorentzian functions to the data in Fig. 3 (a) of [14] in the bulk case and (b) a pair of Gaussian functions to the data in Fig. 2 of [11] in the monolayer case. Note that different amounts of background contributions are added for different modes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-width-and-temperature-variation-of-the-raman-modes-in-2rzaxdo1.png FIG. 3: Width and temperature variation of the Raman modes in defect-free and perfectly homogeneous (a)-(c) bulk and (d)-(f) monolayer TMDs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phonon-dispersion-curves-phonon-density-of-states-and-2d1p6e2t.png FIG. 2: Phonon dispersion curves, phonon density of states and Raman frequencies for (a)-(c) bulk and (d)-(f) monolayer MoS2, WS2 and MoTe2. (Phonon dispersion curves reproduced from [26], with the permission of AIP Publishing.) https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-dependent-size-controlled-nucleation-and-growth-1q5sghkdl2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-formation-of-gold-cluster-indicated-by-transmission-3w12cfme.png Figure 2. Formation of gold cluster indicated by transmission electron microscopy images recorded in situ:T ) 300 K (a) andT ) 480 K (b) from the as-prepared Au nanorods; with centrifuging and dialysis of the supernatant solution prior to spotting the sample on the substrate and using the top solution (with less surfactant concentration and other gold-containing nanomaterial) (c, d). The formation of small Au particles is observed in the as-prepared nanorod specimen but not in the specimen made from the supernatant solution of centrifuged gold solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-growth-kinetics-of-the-small-particles-at-a-ajthntlp.png Figure 4. Growth kinetics of the small particles at a constant temperature ofT ) 498 K: (a) particle radii as a function of time; (b) comparison of the theoretically calculatedY vs time curves according to eq 3 with the experimentally observed data points. From the slopes of the lines, the sublimation energyQ is calculated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-h-series-of-in-situ-tem-images-recorded-for-the-2xf8xm06.png Figure 1. (a-h) Series of in situ TEM images recorded for the same specimen region as the temperature was increased continuously from room temperature to 923 K, showing the growth in size but not in number of small gold nanoparticles on the carbon support. (i) Low-magnification TEM image recorded from another specimen in a region that was not illuminated by the beam during the in situ experiment toT ) 700 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-dependence-of-the-steady-state-particle-radii-3jjzzo64.png Figure 3. (a) Dependence of the steady-state particle radii (rmax) formed at different specimen temperatures for particles located at different distances from the Au rods, as represented by different symbols. The size of the particles located closest to the rod (∼50 nm) dropped sharply at 650 K. Part b gives a sketch showing the growth process of the small gold cluster on the TEM substrate. Part c shows ln(rmax) vs 1/T plot in the low-temperature range, the slopes of which give the difference between the activation energy of diffusion and the sublimation energyQ of the gold atoms. https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-independent-strain-sensor-based-on-a-tapered-35ryeel671 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-wavelength-shift-difference-as-a-function-of-the-3u467j70.png Figure 4 - Wavelength shift difference as a function of the applied strain for the tapered Bragg fibre. Inset: wavelength shift difference as a function of the temperature for the tapered Bragg fibre. Linear fits for both graphics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-wavelength-shift-as-a-function-of-the-temperature-14od38db.png Figure 3 - Wavelength shift as a function of the temperature for the tapered Bragg fibre. Linear fits for both the considered fringes are displayed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-wavelength-shift-as-a-function-of-the-applied-3mp7ik51.png Figure 2 – Wavelength shift as a function of the applied strain for both the tapered and the untapered Bragg fibres. Linear fits for all the considered fringes are displayed https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-view-of-the-tapered-bragg-fibre-a-and-r42195oa.png Figure 1 – Top view of the tapered Bragg fibre (a) and transmission spectra for a 5 cm long stretch of tapered Bragg fibre (b). The arrows identify the fringes monitored during strain characterisation (for zero strain applied). https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-effects-in-optical-fiber-dispersion-compensation-zefi7ce1ar 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-14-bending-birefringence-of-single-mode-silica-3qnksj2k.png Figure 3.14 “Bending birefringence of single-mode silica fibers. The solid line represents the calculated birefringence (3.7). The points are measurements at 0.633 and 0.676 μm using three fibers of different origins. (κ=1/R)” [21] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-9-a-grey-scale-plots-of-the-dgd-spectra-as-a-dsl32gzx.png Figure 3.9 “a) Grey-scale plots of the DGD spectra as a function of time during thermal shock, with temperature profile to the right. b) DGD spectra before (black) temperature cycles and after the thermal shock (dark blue) and after two temperature cycles (light blue)” [15] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-coordinate-system-and-components-of-stress-6-3s3lrebc.png Figure 2.1 Coordinate system and components of stress [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-9-2-divergence-between-heating-and-cooling-j7kmd780.png Figure 4.9.2 Divergence between heating and cooling measurements for the curves in the above figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-9-1-heating-solid-lines-and-cooling-dotted-lines-2udhfzin.png Figure 4.9.2 Divergence between heating and cooling measurements for the curves in the above figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-poincare-sphere-showing-special-cases-of-3699ltii.png Figure 1.1 Poincaré sphere showing special cases of polarizations [2]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4-a-long-segment-of-fiber-is-represented-by-a-1gj1ega1.png Figure 1.4 A long segment of fiber is represented by a series of birefringent elements. The slow axis of adjacent birefringent elements is arbitrary orientated. [2] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-5-linear-input-output-relationship-of-a-16ey0yoy.png Figure 1.5 Linear input output relationship of a birefringent fiber system. [2] https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-field-in-a-rotating-roller-subjected-to-4bapngk6cx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-thermal-map-of-roller-at-different-velocities-or-izy3zi77.png Fig. 3. Thermal map of roller at different velocities (or Peclet number) : 1 1λ 20 W .m .K− −= , 6 2 1α 5.10 m .s− −= , R 0.01m= , 0ξ 0.04rad= , 1ξ 0.16rad= , 2 1h 200 W .m .K− −= , https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dimensionless-surface-temperature-for-bi-1-1q-0-0x-0-1f0hf20l.png Fig. 2. Dimensionless surface temperature for: Bi 1= , 1q 0= , 0ξ 0.05= at different values of Pe (case of a single contact) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-studied-problem-2zjax7c9.png Fig. 1. Studied problem https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dimensionless-surface-temperature-at-different-radii-2biag0at.png Fig. 4. Dimensionless surface temperature at different radii for: Pe 100= , Bi 1= , 0 1ξ ξ 0.05 rad= = https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-variation-of-near-infrared-emission-from-cr4-in-4gi4hxfzfs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temperature-dependence-of-the-gravity-center-and-the-198bllc4.png FIG. 4. Temperature dependence of the gravity center and the FWHM of the 3T2– 3A2 emission band of Cr 41-doped aluminate glass. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-temperature-dependence-of-emission-spectra-of-cr41-f4hx9ltc.png FIG. 2. Temperature dependence of emission spectra of Cr41-doped aluminate glass. https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-mediated-habitat-use-and-selection-by-a-heat-43pjr87zpf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1r5mzsb2.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-3h3iysgj.png Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1680-1ufz1hak.png Fig. 1680 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1rxs8dds.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3gvquar6.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1cth3rsa.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-modulates-the-progression-of-vitellogenesis-in-4nag079s5h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-982-983-21ada53b.png Figure 5 982 983 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primers-used-for-qpcr-analysis-amplicon-length-and-146h7cbd.png Table 1. Primers used for qPCR analysis. Amplicon length and primer efficiency are 816 given after Fw and Rv primer, respectively. GE=Gonad qPCR efficiency. 817 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-934-935-936-937-938-3tabn9fg.png Figure 1 934 935 936 937 938 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-972-973-16vrp1bb.png Figure 4 972 973 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1027-1028-1029-is6gieyz.png Figure 6 1027 1028 1029 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-1055-1056-1057-1k8zgu0u.png Figure 7. 1055 1056 1057 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-960-961-20u7d24w.png Figure 3 960 961 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-953-2p7gvzaf.png Figure 2 953 https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-raman-scattering-study-of-caal0-5ta0-5o3-2zjoido0q3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-temperature-dependence-of-fwhm-for-a1g-and-eg-ae0lox9s.png Fig. 8. The temperature dependence of FWHM for A1g and Eg modes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-wavenumbers-and-relative-intensities-obtained-in-1heiooy7.png Table 1 The wavenumbers and relative intensities obtained in the first-principles computation for CAN crystal assuming mFm3 and P21/n space group. The asterisks indicate modes calculated for P21/n which are closest to those obtained for mFm3 structure . Last column contains our experimental results obtained in our study for CAT crystal at room temperature https://scispace.com/papers/template-free-synthesis-of-mesoporous-manganese-oxides-with-bv1kwywznf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-scattering-paths-used-for-the-best-fit-of-the-exafs-1yw88cu4.png Table 2 Scattering paths used for the best fit of the EXAFS spectrum of Mn-380 samples https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-linear-sweep-voltammetry-curves-of-solvothermally-2ihrz4hm.png Fig. 6 Linear sweep voltammetry curves of solvothermally prepared MnCO3, Mn-380, Mn-450 and Mn-575; data was collected in 1 M NaOH at 5 mV s 1. All electrodes were fabricated by the same method with a final loading of 1 mg cm 2 of the relevant material drop cast onto the substrate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xrd-a-and-tga-b-of-solid-samples-prepared-from-the-3t9a4iyl.png Fig. 1 XRD (a) and TGA (b) of solid samples prepared from the solvothermal reaction of manganese acetate in the presence of urea at three different temperatures. Diffraction peaks associated to Mn3O4 (o) and to MnCO3 (c) are labeled in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tem-images-of-a-mnco3-b-mn-380-c-mn-450-and-d-mn575-16ih6ab6.png Fig. 3 TEM images of (a) MnCO3, (b) Mn-380 (c) Mn-450 and (d) Mn575. Scale bar for all images is shown in (d). https://scispace.com/papers/tempering-of-hard-mixture-of-bainitic-ferrite-and-austenite-38ze42nfmc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measured-data-for-initial-microstructure-23jhy86v.png Table 1 Measured data* for initial microstructure https://scispace.com/papers/template-based-proxy-caching-for-table-valued-functions-2n2rd246kw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-system-architecture-2ouz70i6.png Fig. 4. System architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-response-time-of-active-caching-schemes-93vjvu1z.png Fig. 6. Average response time of active caching schemes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-response-time-2n4x78io.png Fig. 5. Average response time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-radial-search-form-2wp09rwt.png Fig. 1. The Radial search form https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-function-embedded-query-template-of-the-radial-16r41qv6.png Fig. 2. The function-embedded query template of the Radial search form https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-cache-efficiency-of-ac-and-pc-1z3k6c2j.png Table 1. Average cache efficiency of AC and PC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-function-template-of-function-fgetnearbyobjeq-384is96h.png Fig. 3. The function template of function fGetNearbyObjEq() https://scispace.com/papers/template-use-and-the-effectiveness-of-knowledge-transfer-1rx69t28i1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-extent-of-wave-ii-adoption-rpcqx6jn.png Table 3 Extent of Wave II Adoption https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-wave-i-wave-ii-and-telesales-performance-metrics-lx7q7puu.png Table 4 Wave I, Wave II, and Telesales Performance Metrics Compared Using t-Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlation-between-template-use-and-knowledge-2f76jdu6.png Table 5 Correlation between Template Use and Knowledge Transfer Effectiveness https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-extent-of-wave-i-adoptiona-by-practice-where-data-2poqify6.png Table 1 Extent of Wave I Adoptiona by Practice Where Data Availableb https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-extent-of-wave-i-success-by-initiative-1yxv425j.png Table 2 Extent of Wave I Success by Initiative https://scispace.com/papers/templated-synthesis-of-nickel-nanoparticles-toward-3zl6rd027h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-evolution-of-xrd-patterns-during-en-plating-using-1nbfabyk.png Figure 24. Evolution of XRD patterns during EN plating using DMAB as reducing agent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-a-xrd-pattern-of-ni-sio2-b-plot-of-weight-percent-2zlcpsqy.png Figure 16. (a) XRD pattern of Ni⊂SiO2; (b) Plot of weight percent nickel vs. length along rod from EDX data; (c) and (d) TEM micrograph of Ni⊂SiO2; (e) HRTEM micrograph and corresponding electron diffraction pattern for Ni⊂SiO2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-xrd-pattern-and-b-representative-tem-micrograph-lf3zuv31.png Figure 12. (a) XRD pattern and (b) representative TEM micrograph of the product obtained from in-situ addition of NaOH to [Ni(N2H4)3]Cl2 in reverse microemulsion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-volumetric-and-gravimetric-hydrogen-density-of-1c2pxyoz.png Figure 3. Volumetric and gravimetric hydrogen density of hydrogen storage materials. 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-a-uv-vis-spectra-of-growth-solution-shown-in-table-xriiy4dy.png Figure 25. (a) UV/Vis spectra of growth solution shown in Table 2b; (b) UV/Vis spectra of growth solution shown in Table 2b in the presence of silica nanocapsules (i.e. no Ni 0 particles); (c) XRD data of silica nanocapsules (blue) and silica nanocapsules placed into growth solution, dried, and then thermally treated under H2 (red). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tem-micrographs-of-different-metal-nanowires-grown-237yqx60.png Figure 6. TEM micrographs of different metal nanowires grown within the framework of SBA-15: (a) Au/SBA-15; (b) Ag/SBA-15; (c) Pt/SBA-15. 58 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-of-bimetallic-heterostructured-1xd5krev.png Figure 5. Schematic of bimetallic heterostructured nanocomposite for hydrogen storage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-ftir-spectrum-for-ni-n2h4-3-cl2-and-ni-n2h4-3-cl2-1w3zthuh.png Figure 9. FTIR spectrum for [Ni(N2H4)3]Cl2 and [Ni(N2H4)3]Cl2⊂SiO2. Inset shows proposed Ni 2+ coordination environment. https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-analytics-of-workplace-based-assessment-data-to-3nw5a7t3wa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-burst-detection-examples-solid-line-assessments-dotted-17oeuhze.png Fig. 1: Burst detection examples. Solid line = # assessments, dotted line = cutoff. A burst occurs at any time point where the solid line is above the dotted line. https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-alignment-using-the-incremental-unit-framework-3m5p8igyak 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evaluation-results-for-variants-ad-ar-and-various-3rszyhm9.png Table 1: Evaluation results for variants AD, AR, and various combinations of AR+AD. The thresholds denote the amount of time (inms) that was allowed for ius to be considered aligned; the gaze and speech columns denote the corresponding average delays. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-combined-ar-ad-ius-from-each-modality-can-be-held-1dx6xbho.png Figure 4: Combined (AR&AD): ius from each modality can be held for a specified amount of time given a signal from their corresponding ads, or passed and revoked, if necessary. The dashed diamond denotes a possible output. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-act-and-revoke-ar-ius-from-each-modality-21ggydz3.png Figure 3: Act and Revoke (AR): ius from each modality potentially are passed immediately and revoked when information from other modalities is received. Dashed lines denote the point when a sent iu is revoked. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-sll-add-and-revoke-the-word-four-is-3theiu8x.png Figure 1: Example of sll, add, and revoke; the word four is added then revoked, being replaced with forty. The diamonds denote the point in time when the iu is passed to the next module. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-activity-detection-driven-ad-ius-from-each-gdmk3wc4.png Figure 2: Activity Detection Driven (AD): ius from each modality’s ads signal that data (i.e., ius) will be forthcoming. M1 waits for ius from other M2 before being passed along. The dashed arrow denotes the iuwas received, but held. The solid arrow indicates time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-alignment-of-two-modalities-gazeiu-and-awordiu-1nzaybyj.png Figure 5: Alignment of two modalities (GazeIU and AWordIU) using the three methods AD, AR, and AR+AD for time thresholds of 0, 300, and 900 respectively from top to bottom. The arrows denote ius that are considered linked temporally (and hence marked for potential fusion). Higher time thresholds generally means more ius are linked together temporally. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-hand-aligned-vs-non-aligned-where-the-1xxck27e.png Figure 6: Comparison of hand-aligned vs. non-aligned (where the speech is, on average, 300ms delayed), and AR+AD aligned. https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-and-spatial-variability-of-carbonaceous-species-ec-3l2cr8hgsc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-day-night-average-concentration-of-ec-and-oc-during-1wl8dfxt.png Fig. 3. Day-Night average concentration of EC and OC during Jan-Feb 2018 at the sampling sites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sampling-sites-35p9e9jz.png Fig. 1. Sampling sites. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-average-concentrations-of-oc-ec-and-oc-2z8egdk7.png Table 1 Comparison of average concentrations of OC, EC and OC/EC ratios from different urban locations in developing countries. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-seasonal-average-and-day-and-night-average-1tnzhe9b.png Table 2 Seasonal average and day and night average concentration (during Jan-Feb 2018) of OC, EC and OC/EC at sampling sites. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-primary-oc-ec-ratio-and-r2-for-linear-regression-on-cp5wgzm7.png Table 4 Primary OC/EC ratio and R2 for linear regression on the portion of seasonal data over the sampling sites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-scatter-plot-between-wsoc-and-oc-at-the-sampling-sites-3e9pwha8.png Fig. 8. Scatter plot between WSOC and OC at the sampling sites during JanDec 2018 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-seasonal-average-and-day-and-night-average-1qm5607o.png Table 3 Seasonal average and day and night average concentration (during Jan-Feb 2018) of WSOC and WSOC/OC at sampling sites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scatter-plot-between-oc-and-ec-at-the-sampling-sites-r83kzy4z.png Fig. 4. Scatter plot between OC and EC at the sampling sites during JanDec 2018. https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-and-spatial-changes-in-dissolved-organic-carbon-1rlmvvlvby 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-photograph-of-the-biomat-developing-in-the-38b4dajf.png Figure 3. A photograph of the biomat developing in the coniferous forest (a) and a schematic illustration showing the observation devices for biomat flow sampling (b). The length of the knife in the photograph is about 10 cm. BM : Biomat https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relationships-between-the-dissolved-organic-carbon-39gb2xvb.png Figure 6. Relationships between the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and normalized fluorescence intensity of fulvic acid like materials (F-FAM) during the six rainstorms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-and-topographic-maps-of-the-nariki-w0mps0ko.png Figure 1. Location and topographic maps of the Nariki catchment and headwater catchments. (a) Nariki catchment, (b) Coniferous catchment, (c) Deciduous catchment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shallow-soil-profiles-at-the-mid-slopes-of-the-1i76ed63.png Figure 2. Shallow soil profiles at the mid-slopes of the headwater catchments (photographed by Dr. K.Tamura of Tsukuba University). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-temporal-changes-in-rainstorm-precipitation-3hh9b2rb.png Figure 5. Temporal changes in rainstorm precipitation, specific stream flow, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, and normalized fluorescence intensity of fulvic acid like materials (F-FAM) during the representative rainstorms in 2006. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-schematic-diagrams-related-to-the-hydrochemical-1spqg0g0.png Figure 7. Schematic diagrams related to the hydrochemical regimes for the relationships between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and normalized fluorescence intensity of fulvic acid like materials (F-FAM) in headwater streams during rainstorms (a), together with slope hydrology showing the types of main flow contr ibut ion and f low path (b). SF: Stream flow, GW: Groundwater flow, Sub: Subsurface flow, (s): relatively shallow subsurface flow, (d): relatively deep subsurface flow, n-Sur: Near-surface flow including biomat flow, Rs: Rain splash. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relationship-between-the-dissolved-organic-carbon-259irg3j.png Figure 4. Relationship between the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and normalized fluorescence intensity of fulvic acid like materials (F-FAM) in baseflow (low stream flow during no rainfall), biomat flow, and soil extracts (modified after Endo et al., 2006). C: Coniferous catchment, D: Deciduous catchment https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-and-speech-processing-deficits-in-auditory-3ot0pme087 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-psychophysical-data-a-audiogram-pure-tone-thresholds-2klb6nef.png FIG. 1. Psychophysical data. (A) Audiogram. Pure-tone thresholds are plotted as a function of frequency. (B) Temporal integration functions. Threshold shifts (y-axis) refer to the difference in dB between detection thresholds for noise bursts of different durations (x-axis) and that for the longest duration (500 ms). Normal control data are represented as the shaded area (mean 2 s.d.). Neuropathy data are represented by solid lines of different colors. The dashed line represents the cochlear impaired case and the dotted line represents the healthy ear of the unilateral case. (C) Gap detection thresholds. Detection thresholds (y-axis) are plotted as a function of sound presentation level (dB SL). (D) Temporal modulation transfer functions. Modulation detection thresholds (y-axis) represented as 20log(m) are plotted as a function of modulation frequency (x-axis). Arrows represent the fact that subjects could not reliably detect the presence of even a 100% modulated noise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-phenomenological-model-of-auditory-neuropathy-this-3uy4tkez.png FIG. 3. A phenomenological model of auditory neuropathy. This simple model assumes that desynchronous neural activity results in a smeared internal representation of a physical stimulus. The smearing does not affect the detection of a tone (top panel) because the task requires only an all-or-none decision. However, the smearing can cause a major problem in gap detection (bottom panel) if the task requires ®ner discrimination of two different waveforms. https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-changes-in-lesser-kestrel-falco-naumanni-diet-iy463br6xu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-smoothed-splines-fitted-to-calendar-week-for-39tv41u0.png Figure 2. Smoothed splines fitted to calendar week for preferred prey (left) and ‘‘refuge’’ prey (right). Because of the total absence of G. gryllotalpa after week 7, model was only fitted to this period. Although reproductive week was a better predictor for some prey species, calendar week was used to facilitate comparison among them. The rugplot on the x-axis indicates the density of data points. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequency-of-occurrence-and-contribution-in-terms-of-2vak42xk.png Table 1. Frequency of occurrence and contribution in terms of biomass of prey items found in the 204 Lesser Kestrel pellets analyzed. Taxonomic hierarchy among taxa is denoted by means of different indentation and lettering. Totals for main groups are included. https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-changes-in-reef-community-structure-at-bintan-47c5vykutb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2trukjkv.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-map-of-northern-bintan-island-indonesia-3rbfak58.png Figure 1. Location map of northern Bintan Island, Indonesia, showing five surveyed sites in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-total-and-dominant-fish-counts-at-the-surveyed-2xi5xmhq.png Figure 3. Total and dominant fish counts at the surveyed sites in 1993 and 2007. Species richness at each site is indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-percentage-cover-of-five-biotic-and-abiotic-1bb8ijtf.png Figure 2. Mean percentage cover of five biotic and abiotic categories at the surveyed sites in 1993 and 2007, with generic richness of hard corals indicated. https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-correlation-of-elevated-prmt1-gene-expression-with-1av5vk8ynp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-in-situ-hybridisation-of-prmt4-in-the-frontal-half-p3zmyf0u.png Fig. 3 In situ hybridisation of PRMT4 in the frontal half section of the brain of A) late larva/pre-pupa; B) early pupa; 343 C) mid-pupa; D) late pupa; E) two-day old worker and F) 7 to 10-day old worker. Three biological replicates were 344 analysed for each stage. Arrow: higher expression region. mb: mushroom body; ol: optic lobe; al: antennal lobe. F) inset 345 panel shows sense control without signal. Scale bars: 120 μm. 346 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-areas-of-high-prmt1-mrna-expression-are-enriched-for-1yyvtc4k.png Fig. 6 Areas of high PRMT1 mRNA expression are enriched for dividing cells in the late larval/pre-pupal, early pupal 402 and late pupal brain. A-C) Schematic diagrams of the late larval/pre-pupal, early pupal and late pupal brains showing the 403 anatomical location of the mushroom bodies analysed in this study. D-F) In situ hybridisation of PRMT1 in the late 404 larval/pre-pupal, early pupal and late pupal mushroom bodies. G-I) Hoechst detection of all nuclei in the late larval/pre-pupal, 405 early pupal and late pupal mushroom bodies. J-L) Immunohistochemical detection of mitotically active cells with anti-406 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-in-situ-hybridisation-of-prmt5-in-the-frontal-half-3o91j34s.png Fig. 4 In situ hybridisation of PRMT5 in the frontal half section of the brain of A) late larva/pre-pupa; B) early pupa; 349 C) mid-pupa; D) late pupa; E) two-day old worker and F) 7 to 10-day old worker. Three biological replicates were 350 analysed for each stage. Arrow: higher expression region. mb: mushroom body; ol: optic lobe; al: antennal lobe. F) inset 351 panel shows sense control without signal. Scale bars: 120 μm. 352 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-quantification-of-the-relative-expression-levels-of-3it1dcws.png Fig. 5 Quantification of the relative expression levels of PRMT1 mRNA in selected areas of brains at different stages 370 of development. A) An image example of ISH of PRMT1 in early pupal bumblebee brain. B) Same image as in A) 371 showing how the sub-regions to be analysed were grouped into four or five anatomical areas. C) Graph showing levels of 372 PRMT1 expression in brain areas (mushroom body central area, mushroom body peripheral area, antennal lobe high intensity 373 area in early pupal stage, antennal lobe area and optic lobe area) at different stages of development. The dots indicate relative 374 expression levels of PRMT1. There were three biological replicates for every stage, except for the early pupae stage where 375 there were four biological replicates. For each stage of development six sub-regions (blue and green dots shown in B) were 376 analysed in the antennal lobe apart from early pupal stage (five sub-regions). In early pupa, a high intensity sub-region of 377 antennal lobe was also chosen and analysed. Different biological replicates are marked with differently coloured dots in each 378 developmental stage. The same colour of dots in each stage were from the same individual bee. The mean of each grouped 379 area is signified by the black bars. Scale bars: 120 μm. 380 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-developmental-stages-of-honeybees-and-bumblebees-and-13fdyvxp.png Fig. 1 Developmental stages of honeybees and bumblebees and the corresponding changes in the composition of 76 developing mushroom bodies (MBs). A) Schematic diagram of different developmental stages of honeybee and the 77 equivalent stages of bumblebees investigated in this study. Given the highly close genetic and anatomic similarity between 78 honeybees and bumblebees, eye colour and head pigmentation were used in the present study as markers to determine the 79 equivalent bumblebee developmental stages to those stated in honeybee literature. Late larva/Pre-pupa in bumblebees 80 correspond to days 9-11 of honeybee development; early pupa in bumblebees correspond to days 12-14 of honeybee 81 developmental; mid-pupa in bumblebees corresponds to approximately day 15-16 honeybee developmental stage; the late 82 bumblebee pupa corresponds to day 19-20 of honeybee development. B) Schematic diagram of reported cell division, 83 differentiation and apoptosis during the development of mushroom bodies of honeybees. Farris et al. showed that there was 84 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-in-situ-hybridisation-of-prmt1-in-the-frontal-half-2hoyp6n9.png Fig. 2 In situ hybridisation of PRMT1 in the frontal half section of the brain of A) late larva/pre-pupa; B) early pupa; 337 C) mid-pupa; D) late pupa; E) two-day old worker and F) 7 to 10-day old worker. Three biological replicates were 338 analysed for each stage. Arrow: neural precursor dividing regions according to honeybee literature. mb: mushroom body; ol: 339 optic lobe; al: antennal lobe; p: pedunculus. F) inset panel shows sense control without signal. Scale bars: 120 μm. 340 https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-diffeomorphic-free-form-deformation-tdffd-applied-1cdfblqm2i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evolution-of-radial-and-circumferential-strains-for-fosjw85a.png Fig. 4: Evolution of radial and circumferential strains for the first volunteer over the cardiac cycle, plotted using a colormap. An animated version of this figure is available at http://mathieu.decraene.info/stacom11/strain.gif. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-longitudinal-circumferential-and-radial-strains-for-23ylbz9a.png Fig. 5: Longitudinal, circumferential and radial strains for Volunteers #1 to #5 of the cMAC database plotted as a function of time (normalized by one heart period). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-remeshing-process-from-a-the-lv-mesh-extract-b-2jddapo9.png Fig. 1: Remeshing process: From (a) the LV mesh, extract (b) endocardial surface, and (c) map it to a disk, (d) correct the mapping by moving the apical point to the center, (e) create a new parametrization that maps the new vertices onto the surface and (f,g,h) add AHA regions, (i) solve Laplace equation in 3D, (j) produce volumetric mesh with 3 layers of wedge elements (the middle layer was hidden for clarity) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-longitudinal-circumferential-and-radial-strains-for-1cj4jg9g.png Fig. 6: Longitudinal, circumferential and radial strains for Volunteers #6 to #10 of the cMAC database plotted as a function of time (normalized by one heart period). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-segmentation-obtained-from-the-ssfp-short-axis-image-a-zy8qbeaj.png Fig. 2: Segmentation obtained from the SSFP short axis image (a,b) mapped using the DICOM transformation to the TMRI image (c,d) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-longitudinal-circumferential-and-radial-strains-for-l6rg66gn.png Fig. 7: Longitudinal, circumferential and radial strains for Volunteers #11 to #15 of the cMAC database plotted as a function of time (normalized by one heart period). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-propagation-of-a-synthetic-grid-using-the-tdffd-3kdxy45s.png Fig. 3: Propagation of a synthetic grid using the TDFFD tracking results for 3 different λ values in Eq. 2. Drift errors (top row) and tag jumps (bottom row) are highlighted using red ellipses. https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-ghost-imaging-with-twin-photons-3ry71xm3c4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-used-to-record-the-ghost-signal-and-1gs3n667.png FIG. 1: Experimental setup used to record the ghost signal and the reference idler images. The red arrows represent the polarisation directions of the signal and idler beams. The variable attenuation, made with a liquid crystal variable retarder and a polariser, is adjusted accordingly. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-average-on-990-reconstructions-the-blue-dots-are-the-oqoespac.png FIG. 3: (a) Average on 990 reconstructions. The blue dots are the average numbers of coincidences as given in Eq.2, and the error bars are their standard deviation. (b) Superposition of five reconstructions. The full red line represent the threshold situated at the half average number of coincidences for the ”1” steps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-mean-on-900-realizations-of-the-normalized-cross-l69n5ev4.png FIG. 2: (a): mean on 900 realizations of the normalized cross-correlation coefficient of two twin images, without binning. (b): the same for two independent signal and idler images. (c): the cross-correlation coefficient of figure (a) after a binning of 16×5 pixels. https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-evolution-of-the-nanostructure-and-phase-1afydn4utd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-specimens-of-ni-5-2-al-14-2-cr-at-aged-at-873-k-for-3crtuqfo.png Fig. 8. Specimens of Ni-5.2 Al-14.2 Cr at.% aged at 873 K for 256 h were analyzed with (a) conventional APT and with (b) LEAP tomography. The 16 · 16 · 195 nm3 (24,320 nm3) and 86 · 86 · 63 nm3 (464,948 nm3) volumes contain &1.8 · 106 and 9.8 · 106 atoms, respectively. Only Al (red) and Cr (blue) atoms within c 0-precipitates are displayed for the sake of clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-15-15-30-nm3-6750-nm3-subset-of-an-apt-reconstructed-16zr4ba2.png Fig. 7. A 15 · 15 · 30 nm3 (6750 nm3) subset of an APT reconstructed volume of Ni-5.2 Al-14.2 Cr at.% aged at 873 K for 4 h displaying (a) Al and Cr atoms and (b) the c 0-precipitates delineated by 9 at.% Al isoconcentration surfaces. (c) The Al and Cr atoms within three c 0- precipitate pairs, labelled in (b), demonstrate that the Al-rich {002} superlattice planes extend across the necked regions without APBs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-temporal-evolution-of-the-nanostructural-propertiesa-22xz3ne6.png Table 1 Temporal evolution of the nanostructural propertiesa of a Ni-5.2 Al-14.2 Cr at.% alloy aged at 873 K for different times https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-temporal-evolution-of-the-c-0-precipitate-volume-bb58yfno.png Fig. 9. Temporal evolution of the c 0-precipitate volume fraction (/), number density (Nv), and average radius (ÆRæ) in Ni-5.2 Al-14.2 Cr at.% aged at 873 K as determined by structural measurements from APT data (Table 1). The /eq value, 15.6 ± 0.4% is based on a lever-rule determination from the equilibrium phase compositions presented in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fim-image-of-a-ni-5-2-al-14-2-cr-at-specimen-aged-at-2xsc8q1p.png Fig. 1. FIM image of a Ni-5.2 Al-14.2 Cr at.% specimen aged at 873 K for 256 h exhibiting a prominent pole structure and no discernable imagecontrast differences between the c- and c 0-phases. The dashed lines approximate the area of ion detection during conventional APT analyses, which are aligned near a 001 crystallographic pole. The ion detection area for LEAP tomograph analyses is approximately half the area of this FIM image. The Ni-5.2 Al-14.2 Cr at.% specimen displayed was imaged with 3.9 · 10!4 Pa (3 · 10!6 torr) gauge pressure of Ne at a specimen voltage of 12,708 Vdc and specimen temperature of 40 K. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-temporal-evolution-of-the-composition-in-the-far-15tm2t92.png Table 2 Temporal evolution of the composition in the far-field c(fcc)-matrix ðCc;ffi Þ and the c 0(L12)-precipitates’ core ðC c0 i Þ, and extrapolated (t = 1) compositions at the phase boundaries (solvus lines) at 873 K https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-percentage-of-c-0-precipitates-interconnected-by-3vvlfm82.png Fig. 10. Percentage of c 0-precipitates interconnected by necks (f) reaches a maximum value at 4 h, which corresponds to a minimum value in the average edge-to-edge interprecipitate spacing, Æke!eæ (Table 1), of 5.9 ± 0.8 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-al-and-cr-atoms-in-a-12-5-2-nm3-120-nm3-partial-volume-pi20c8b9.png Fig. 3. Al and Cr atoms in a 12 · 5 · 2 nm3 (120 nm3) partial volume from a specimen aged for 0.167 h, displayed in off-white and dark-gray, are enlarged in the c 0-precipitate (R = 0.8 nm) to emphasize the resolved {002} superlattice planes perpendicular to the [001] analysis direction. The c/c 0 interface is delineated in gray with a 9 at.% Al isoconcentration surface. The time 0.167 h marks the first aging time when c 0-precipitation is detected in Ni-5.2 Al-14.2 Cr at.% using an APT direct lattice space reconstruction. Approximately 2/3 of the c 0-precipitate volume is imaged, and the full precipitate contains 109 detected atoms: 78 Ni (not displayed), 21 Al, and 10 Cr. https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-graphical-models-for-cross-species-gene-regulatory-4h0403v5c5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-top-10-well-connected-genes-by-out-going-edges-18cw28f1.png Table 2. Top 10 Well-connected Genes by Out-going Edges https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-example-of-component-specific-hubs-3pzc08lb.png Table 4. Example of Component-specific Hubs https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-percentage-of-overlap-between-bootstrap-networks-and-2c0b4vna.png Table 7. Percentage of Overlap between Bootstrap Networks and Original Networks https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-results-of-structure-learning-on-1vxdq4d3.png Table 1. Comparison Results of Structure Learning on Simulation Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-top-10-genes-by-out-degress-in-the-learned-networks-ph7yw3la.png Table 6. Top 10 Genes by Out-degress in the Learned Networks by Different Methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-top-five-component-specific-enriched-biological-xpkpaaie.png Table 5. Top Five Component-Specific Enriched Biological Processes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-species-level-graph-red-blue-edges-dependency-due-to-2cu6fye1.png Fig. 2. (a) Species-level Graph. Red/blue edges: dependency due to same species (i.e. human/mouse); green edges: dependency due to same experiments; (conveniently generated from domain knowledge) (b) Distribution of in-degree counts (c) Distribution of out-degree counts https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-example-of-densely-connected-subgraphs-in-the-berj85qo.png Fig. 3. An example of densely connected subgraphs in the learned component graphs. The regulation relation can be either positive (red edges) or negative (blue edges). https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-mds-plots-for-analysis-of-multivariate-data-3ow8of1pc8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-manual-selection-of-salient-patterns-used-to-initiate-1p057qcy.png Fig. 8. Manual selection of salient patterns used to initiate the search for similar patterns (clusters). Resulting similar patterns are color coded according to their similarity ranking. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-one-dimensional-dbscan-algorithm-for-similarity-values-39bngglf.png Fig. 7. One-dimensional DBSCAN algorithm for similarity values using a user-defined threshold t. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-ground-truth-for-the-vast-challenge-2013-mc3-2k2vl9e3.png Table 1. The ground truth for the VAST Challenge 2013 MC3 consists of 29 official events. After analyzing the data with default weightings, we compared our findings with the official ground truth and used a check mark to highlight successfully identified event patterns using TMDS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-tmds-for-the-first-day-on-2013-04-01-00-00-to-23-59-2weusjz0.png Fig. 9. TMDS for the first day on 2013-04-01 00:00 to 23:59 revealing various visual patterns related to Event (3) and (4) in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sliding-window-approach-applied-to-a-multivariate-21lls280.png Fig. 3. Sliding window approach applied to a multivariate dataset with 15 dimensions and 1420 entries. For a window size of 30 entries, we applied an overlap of (1) 0 entries, (2) 10 entries, and (3) 20 entries. The bigger the defined overlap, the more slices are computed, resulting in a visualization whose layout becomes stable and reveals salient patterns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-consecutive-three-step-pipeline-for-the-tmds-17i9lz1m.png Fig. 2. Consecutive three-step pipeline for the TMDS computation. A dataset comprises the entries E1 to EN (each entry holding multiple dimensions), which are processed in temporal ascending order. (1) Based on the weighted distance matrix, a sliding window with overlap is applied and (2) 1D MDS computed for each window separately. The result is sequentially aligned on the time axis. (3) Because MDS is not invariant to rotation, we apply a slice flipping heuristic. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-tmds-for-the-3rd-day-on-2013-04-03-00-00-to-23-59-jyc8lq09.png Fig. 11. TMDS for the 3rd day on 2013-04-03 00:00 to 23:59 with sudden pattern change (A) related to an ongoing distributed DoS attack and another attacker (B) attacking primarily another webserver. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-tmds-for-the-6th-day-on-2013-04-06-00-00-to-23-59-2o1aunxt.png Fig. 12. TMDS for the 6th day on 2013-04-06 00:00 to 23:59 revealing unexpected diverse port scanning patterns. The firewall seems to be not working anymore, because heavy port scans on arbitrary ports do reach the company network. https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-sparse-feature-auto-combination-deep-network-for-ra2edia4jb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sample-curve-of-a-relative-entropy-function-2rnpvhum.png FIGURE 2 Sample curve of a relative entropy function. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-of-classification-results-of-stcnn-with-1pr35eb9.png FIGURE 10 Comparison of classification results of STCNN with SASTCNN on the WEIZMANN data set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-confusion-matrix-of-each-action-class-using-2ckotz0d.png FIGURE 8 The confusion matrix of each action class using seven frames for the WEIZMANN data set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-recognition-accuracy-for-the-kth-data-set-in-1crszkx7.png FIGURE 7 The recognition accuracy for the KTH data set in four different scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-confusion-matrix-of-each-action-class-using-340ihg11.png FIGURE 9 The confusion matrix of each action class using seven frames for the KTH data set. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-our-approach-using-different-video-1h0rwp6g.png TABLE 3 Comparison of our approach using different video segments with other methods using whole video on the KTH data set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-the-confusion-matrix-using-sastcnn-for-weizmann-affbeeu2.png FIGURE 14 The confusion matrix using SASTCNN for WEIZMANN video segments with seven frames. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-the-confusion-matrix-using-sastcnn-for-kth-video-2dnjk2f0.png FIGURE 15 The confusion matrix using SASTCNN for KTH video segments with seven frames. https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-precedence-checking-for-switched-models-and-its-fwh86ysqmq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-algorithm-checkguarantee-decides-whether-a-lookahead-3gmp0tgt.png Fig. 2. Algorithm CheckGuarantee: Decides whether a lookahead predicate is satisfied in a given set R https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-figure-depicting-the-set-of-reachable-states-of-the-3j54t0aq.png Fig. 3. Figure depicting the set of reachable states of the system. Color coding is used to depict whether the alert is issued by the alerting algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-running-times-columns-2-5-verification-result-1v1zkka9.png Table 1. Running times. Columns 2-5: Verification Result, Running time, # of refinements, value of b for whichA ≺b U is satisfied. https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-resolution-and-spectral-sensitivity-of-the-visual-2hopd9zron 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spectral-sensitivity-of-carcharhinus-acronotus-lliy7tye.png Figure 3. Spectral sensitivity of Carcharhinus acronotus, Sphyrna lewini, and Sphyrna tiburo as measured by electroretinogram under scotopic conditions. Data represent mean values SE. Solid vertical lines represent environmental spectra measured by McFarland (1991) during moonlight and starlight at 3-m depth (450–600 nm), and the dashed lines represent the spectra at twilight (460–480 nm). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-morphological-and-physiological-summary-data-for-the-72c6uksr.png Table 1: Morphological and physiological summary data for the three species of coastal sharks in this study https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparative-spectral-sensitivity-and-temporal-1o77xbfm.png Table 2: Comparative spectral sensitivity and temporal resolution of several elasmobranch species https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-selected-electroretinogram-recordings-under-1g205mxc.png Figure 1. Selected electroretinogram recordings under scotopic conditions. Letters indicate components of the waveform. The eye was stimulated with 100 ms of light at 500-nm wavelength, with successive irradiance increases. The b-waves for each species were positive and increased in magnitude with increases in irradiance. Horizontal lines indicate the amplitude of the b-wave. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-response-versus-log-irradiance-curves-for-2wok1nnr.png Figure 2. Response versus log irradiance curves for Carcharhinus acronotus, Sphyrna lewini, and Sphyrna tiburo at six different stimulus wavelengths. Data from these curves were used to generate spectral sensitivity curves. These curves were fit with the Naka-RushtonV/ log I equation for calculations of Vmax that were used to determine response latencies. https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-specificity-of-abnormal-neural-oscillations-during-4os87l74nl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phonatory-onset-interval-patients-with-ld-have-a-1p51br1d.png Figure 2 Phonatory onset interval Patients with LD have a larger phonatory onset interval (duration between glottal movement onset and voice onset) as compared to controls (p = 1.140 x 10-47; two-sample heteroscedastic t-test). Boxplots within the violins indicate the median (white dot) and interquartile range (IQR), the whiskers indicate 1.5 * IQR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-task-participants-were-139or3ui.png Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the task Participants were prompted to vocalise the vowel /ɑ/ into a microphone for as long as they saw the green dot on the display. Participants could hear themselves through earphones throughout every trial. Glottal movement onset was measured using surface electromyography. Subjects’ pitch was altered using a digital signal processing unit, between 200-500ms after voice onset, either up or down by 100 cents (1/12th of an octave) for 400ms and sent this shifted signal to the participants’ earphones. The numbers at the bottom of the figure represent various time windows as follows: 1 = before glottal movement onset, 2 = after glottal movement onset, 3 = before voice onset, 4 = after voice onset, 5 = response to pitch perturbation onset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-differences-in-neural-activity-around-pitch-11tz7x5i.png Figure 6 Differences in neural activity around pitch perturbation onset between controls and patients with LD (A) Non-phase-locked beta-band activity (12-30Hz) differences between patients and controls locked to pitch perturbation onset. Patients with LD (n = 15) show greater beta-band activity as compared to controls (n = 11) in a number of regions. False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction for a rate of 5% and cluster correction at a threshold of 18 voxels and p < 0.05 were performed. For beta-band neural activity locked to pitch perturbation onset in each group alone, refer to Supplementary Fig. 3. (B) Non-phase-locked high-gammaband activity (65-150Hz) differences between patients and controls locked to pitch perturbation onset. Patients with LD (n = 15) show mostly lesser high-gamma-band activity as compared to controls (n = 16) along with greater activity in some regions. False Discovery Rate (FDR) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pitch-control-in-patients-with-ld-and-controls-a-g3pvolk2.png Figure 5 Pitch control in patients with LD and controls (A) Vocal response to pitch perturbation: Patients with LD (n = 17) have a response to pitch perturbation that is not statistically different from that in controls (n = 12). The solid lines are the mean responses and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-schematic-diagram-of-the-state-feedback-control-sfc-78d34618.png Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the State Feedback Control (SFC) model and networks impacted in LD According to the SFC model, laryngeal control is based on an estimate of the current laryngeal state maintained by a comparison between the predicted state and the incoming feedback. State corrections are generated when there is a mismatch between the predicted state and the actual state as conveyed by the feedback signals. Brain regions marked in blue appear to be abnormally impacted in LD. The numbers in purple indicate the time windows in which abnormalities are observed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-differences-in-neural-activity-around-voice-onset-178dywnx.png Figure 4 Differences in neural activity around voice onset between controls and patients with LD (A) Non-phase-locked beta-band activity (12-30Hz) differences between patients and controls locked to voice onset. Phonatory onset interval was added as a covariate in the statistical analysis. As compared to controls (n = 11), patients with SD (n = 15) show significant differences both before and after voice onset. False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction for a rate of 5% and cluster correction at a threshold of 18 voxels and p < 0.05 were performed. For betaband neural activity locked to voice onset in each group alone, refer to Supplementary Fig. 2. (B) Non-phase-locked high-gamma-band activity (65-150Hz) differences between patients and controls locked to voice onset. Phonatory onset interval was added as a covariate in the statistical analysis. As compared to controls (n = 11), patients with SD (n = 15) show consistent differences in both hemispheres from before voice onset through voice onset. These differences increase after voice onset in the left hemisphere and decrease in the right hemisphere. False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction for a rate of 5% and cluster correction at a threshold of 18 voxels and p < 0.05 were performed. For high-gamma-band neural activity locked to voice onset in each group alone, refer to Supplementary Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-differences-in-neural-activity-around-glottal-qshbri8y.png Figure 3 Differences in neural activity around glottal movement onset between controls and patients with LD (A) Non-phase-locked beta-band activity (12-30Hz) differences between patients and controls locked to glottal movement onset. As compared to controls (n = 11), patients with LD (n = 15) show significant differences in beta-band activity both before and after glottal movement onset. False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction for a rate of 5% and cluster correction at a threshold of 18 voxels and p < 0.05 were performed. For beta-band neural activity locked to glottal movement onset in each group alone, refer to Supplementary Fig. 1. (B) Non-phase-locked high-gamma-band activity (65-150Hz) differences between patients and controls locked to glottal movement onset. As compared to controls (n = 11), patients with LD (n = 15) show significantly increased activity after glottal movement onset. False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction for a rate of 5% and cluster correction at a threshold of 18 voxels and p < 0.05 were performed. For high-gamma-band neural activity locked to glottal movement onset in each group alone, refer to Supplementary Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-symmetry-constraints-in-block-matching-3n38ipqvq9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-forward-occlusion-detection-on-skategirl-sequence-with-3fc9vv34.png Fig. 6. Forward occlusion detection on skategirl sequence with symmetry constraints (2 iterations, γ = 4000) for various threshold values δ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-left-m2se-versus-total-symmetric-difference-for-1bzc7olo.png Fig. 4. (Left) M2SE versus total symmetric difference for varying γ and number of iterations. (Right) Threshold value versus inconsistency area (relative to total image size) for different γ values with 2 iterations. Both plots show averages over 40 sequences. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-occlusion-areas-and-error-propagation-a-estimation-2hf5wvfu.png Fig. 3. Occlusion areas and error propagation. (a) Estimation based on a match and/or smoothness term produces unreliable motion vectors in occlusion areas. (b) Too strong symmetry constraints can propagate the errors outside the occlusion areas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-motion-vector-for-the-currently-processed-block-is-12rg2zwy.png Fig. 2. The motion vector for the currently processed block is selected from a candidate set. The candidate set includes the spatial (S1,S2) and temporal (T1) prediction vectors. Blocks are processed sequentially, the dotted arrow indicates the current (downward) scanning direction. For the non-symmetric recursive search algorithm, one iteration, consisting of an upward and a downward scan over all blocks, typically suffices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-forward-occlusion-detection-on-skategirl-sequence-hi3m1yl5.png Fig. 5. Forward occlusion detection on skategirl sequence without symmetry constraints for various threshold values δ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-two-consecutive-pictures-represented-in-1-dimension-wqd6vzew.png Fig. 1. (a) Two consecutive pictures represented in 1 dimension with 2 different object motions. (b) Symmetric and non-symmetric motion estimates (within an object). https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-synchronization-of-non-overlapping-videos-using-5g9iceamx2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-3d-scene-is-viewed-simultaneously-by-n-stationary-1dqkqbin.png Figure 1: A 3D scene is viewed simultaneously by N stationary cameras at distinct viewpoints, whose fields of view do not necessarily overlap. A moving target crosses the fields of view of all cameras. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-values-used-in-the-experiments-3ml9vek5.png Table 1: Parameter values used in the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-b-and-g-h-trajectories-of-the-moving-targets-in-sshjguqe.png Figure 4: (a)-(b) and (g)-(h) Trajectories of the moving targets in cameras 1 and 2, respectively. The blue trajectories were estimated by the WSL tracker (except the trajectory in (h) that was manually estimated), while the red ones were obtained by projecting the 3D target’s trajectory in the image planes. (d) and (j) Before alignment image was created by superimposing the green band of a frame t2 with the red and blue bands of frame t1 = (t2 − βg)/αg using ground truth timeline coefficients αg and βg. (e) and (k) After alignment image was created by replacing the green band of the image with that of frame t1 = (t2 − βe)/αe, with αe, βe computed by our algorithm. Deviations from the ground-truth alignment cause “double exposure” artifacts. (c) and (f) Voting Spaces of the indoor scene for the cameras c1, c2 and the moving target r. (i) and (l) Voting Spaces of the outdoor scene for the cameras c1, c2 and the moving target r. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temporal-misalignment-between-a-moving-target-and-n-2ggrl7bc.png Figure 2: Temporal misalignment between a moving target and N cameras. The location sample 689 of the moving target corresponds in time to the frames 57, 525 and 233 of cameras c1, c2 and cN , respectively. Our goal is to determine a global timeline that recovers the temporal alignment between the cameras by using the synchronization offsets ∆T1, ∆T2, ..., ∆TN , between the target and the cameras. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-target-moves-along-a-trajectory-q-in-a-3d-scene-3n2q1gsl.png Figure 3: A target moves along a trajectory Q(·) in a 3D scene, viewed by a camera. Let q(·) be the trajectory traced by the target in the image plane, computed by a tracking algorithm. Consider that q(tc) represents the target’s instantaneous position in the image plane at frame tc and Q(tr) represents the 3D target’s instantaneous position at the temporal coordinate tr , whose projection in the image plane, computed by using the projection matrix P , is given by q̃(tr). If q(tc) and Q(tr) correspond in time, the vector [tc tr ] retrieves the temporal alignment between the target and the camera. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-percentage-of-runs-for-which-the-reconstructed-4h4uiio7.png Figure 5: Percentage of runs for which the reconstructed timeline was below a specified bound on alignment error (εt ≤ 1 frame or εt ≤ 5 frames), as a function of the: (a)-(b) tracking error, (c)-(d) projection matrix error and (e)-(f) 3D target localization error. https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-trends-in-lava-dome-extrusion-at-santiaguito-1922-4360lczra6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-temporal-variation-in-sio2-of-erupted-lavas-at-2deekwpu.png Fig. 10 Temporal variation in SiO2 of erupted lavas at Santiaguito 1922–2001. Gray squares signify lavas erupted prior to 1970 and crosses signify post-1970 lavas https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-individual-units-of-the-santiaguito-dome-2bpuv4jy.png Fig. 1 Map of the individual units of the Santiaguito dome complex: 1922–1975 units are taken from Rose (1987) and 1986– 2000 units are mapped using Landsat data. So that the relation of the 1993–1996, 1991–1992, and 1999–2000 units can be shown together, the proximal section of the 1999–2000 unit has not been mapped: allowing the extents of the earlier, underlying units to be seen. The 1999–2000 unit is in fact continuous all the way to the vent. For detail of the proximal section of the 1999–2000 unit, see Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-landsat-derived-crust-temperatures-solid-circles-with-3skwdbjj.png Fig. 4 Landsat-derived crust temperatures (solid circles) with mean, standard deviation and range of field measurements (horizontal lines) made in January 2000 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-landsat-derived-lava-area-solid-circles-and-surface-3kgtj5d8.png Fig. 5 Landsat-derived lava area (solid circles) and surface percentage occupied by high temperature cracks (open circles), with lava areas estimated from ground-based dimensions (solid diamonds) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-cumulative-volume-thick-solid-line-eruption-rate-thin-rrz0diog.png Fig. 8 Cumulative volume (thick solid line), eruption rate (thin solid line), individual extrusion rates (Landsat-based = solid circles; ground-based = solid diamonds) and cumulative volume given steady extrusion during this cycle at the 1986–1995 timeaveraged rate of 0.38 m3 s–1 (thick, dashed line). In this case, eruption rate is the cumulative volume divided by time since the beginning of the cycle (1986). High and low extrusion rate phases of the cycle are identified by gray and white zones https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-estimated-variation-in-extrusion-rate-at-santiaguito-25aor4zw.png Fig. 7 a Estimated variation in extrusion rate at Santiaguito since 1922 showing the eight main extrusion cycles during the period 1922–2000. This plot is an up-dated version of that given by Rose (1987) for the period 1922–1980. b Cumulative volume (thick solid line), eruption rate (thin solid line), and cumulative volume given steady extrusion at the 1922–2000 time-averaged rate of 0.44€0.01 m3 s–1 (thick, dashed line). Here, eruption rate is the cumulative volume divided by time since the beginning of the eruption (1922). Cycles are identified by numbered gray zones https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-cycle-high-and-low-phase-durations-with-cycle-eruption-4odomtwq.png Fig. 9 Cycle, high and low phase durations, with cycle eruption rate (cycle volume divided by cycle duration). Lava volume emplaced during each cycle is given along the top of the graph https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-each-cycle-of-extrusion-at-1w4yg0o5.png Table 1 Characteristics of each cycle of extrusion at Santiaguito 1922–2000. Er Extrusion rate; Lmax Maximum block lava flow length https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-trends-risk-factors-and-outcomes-of-infections-due-nerk2wfup7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-univariable-and-multivariable-conditional-logistic-2p438qtx.png Table 2 Univariable and multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis regarding risk of infection with ESBL-producing pathogen (vs. non-ESBL) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-histogram-showing-the-time-from-transplant-to-onset-of-216jpj75.png Fig. 2 Histogram showing the time from transplant to onset of infection in days for 51 cases (above) and 51 controls (below) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-patients-infected-2bwexkpr.png Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients infected without and with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-Enterobacterales https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proportion-of-patients-with-esbl-producing-escherichia-2ms2wb04.png Fig. 1 Proportion of patients with ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (left) and non-E. coli (right) among all patients infected with the corresponding pathogen in the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study between 2012 and 2018 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-management-and-outcome-of-infections-caused-by-non-3oli6xmg.png Table 3 Management and outcome of infections caused by non-extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- and ESBL-producing Enterobacterales https://scispace.com/papers/temporary-design-on-public-open-space-for-improving-the-2putyo2vz7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-the-no-event-and-the-event-during-the-2rdfjp34.png Figure 7. Comparison of the “no event” and the “event” during the day, using a ranking of the number of images related to urban elements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-and-classes-for-training-1uab45o1.png Table 1. Parameters and classes for training. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-approach-of-classification-of-the-urban-design-and-29ijjwo2.png Figure 3. Approach of classification of the urban design and elements images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-approach-of-classification-of-the-urban-design-and-1mk4rzrc.png Figure 3. Approach of classification of the urban design and elements images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-proportional-representation-of-the-number-of-the-202zmijt.png Figure 6. Proportional representation of the number of the images related to a specific “urban element” (a) “No event” during the day; (b) “event” during the day; (c) “no event” at night; (d) “event” at night. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-proportional-representation-of-the-number-of-the-2k1uz42a.png Figure 6. Proportional representation of the number of the images related to a specific “urban element” (a) “No event” during the day; (b) “event” during the day; (c) “no event” at night; (d) “event” at night. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-train-and-test-data-results-a-accuracy-b-loss-2zoljf96.png Figure 4. Train and test data results: (a) accuracy; (b) loss. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-and-classes-for-training-1rh2ther.png Table 1. Parameters and classes for training. https://scispace.com/papers/temporary-clusters-and-communities-of-practice-in-the-3ochp5ajap 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-type-of-personal-networks-and-ties-characteristics-234sxgjg.png Table 1: Type of personal networks and ties characteristics (author’s elaboration from Grabher, 2004, p. 115) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-types-of-connections-between-festival-8upge1wd.png Table 2: Summary of types of connections between festival artists /companies and other key connections in the festivals ecosystem, based on Grabher (2004). The difference between local artists (italics) and visiting/touring is highlighted in the table when relevant. https://scispace.com/papers/temporary-job-protection-and-productivity-growth-in-eu-28lecyw4xj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-continued-contributions-of-tfp-to-growth-of-rl0mug83.png Figure 1 (continued): Contributions of TFP to growth of sectoral added value European Economy 1995-2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-tfp-estimates-for-period-1995-2007-inclusion-of-pmr-2fw00mx0.png Table 4: TFP estimates for period 1995-2007, inclusion of PMR and R&D https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-growth-of-proportion-of-temporary-workers-with-2rruw5mq.png Figure 5: Growth of proportion of temporary workers with respect to initial levels 1995-2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-proportion-of-temporary-workers-at-beginning-and-2t5xo1hf.png Figure 6: Proportion of temporary workers at beginning and end of period 1995-2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-output-hours-and-productivity-growth-in-european-1zpj6wuq.png Table 1: Output, hours and productivity growth in European economies: 1995-2007 (all sectors) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-tfp-estimates-for-period-1995-2007-inclusions-of-342rhzjk.png Table 6: TFP estimates for period 1995-2007, inclusions of distance from – market economy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-proportion-of-temporary-workers-by-sector-at-krb50h9l.png Figure 7 Proportion of temporary workers by sector at beginning and end of period 1995-2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-tfp-estimates-for-period-1995-2007-baseline-31wa9yi7.png Table 3: TFP estimates for period 1995-2007, baseline specifications https://scispace.com/papers/temporary-international-legal-regimes-as-frames-for-582af3ihis 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-the-influences-of-temporary-regimes-on-permanent-2moxu4p3.png Table 3.1 The influences of temporary regimes on permanent ones https://scispace.com/papers/temporary-cooling-of-quasiparticles-and-delay-in-voltage-340wg6t9yy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-change-in-the-time-delay-when-one-takes-1ibze58z.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Change in the time delay when one takes into account the nonequilibrium contribution to the superconducting current. From the inset one can see that at higher temperature the effect of δjs = 0 becomes smaller. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-dependence-of-the-time-delay-on-the-12zc5rbj.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Dependence of the time delay on the normalized current for a superconducting bridge (quasiequilibrium model). The solid curve corresponds to Eq. (16) with τin/t0 = 500. In the inset we show the dependence td (I/Ic) for different temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-time-dependence-of-at-the-edge-of-the-2k4pph6u.png FIG. 8. (Color online) Time dependence of | | at the edge of the bridge (marked as black spot in the inset in Fig. 7) and voltage drop across the bridge at I/Ic(H ) 1.38 and H = 0.03Hc2 (nonthermal model). In the inset we present snapshots of | | in the bridge at different moments in time: (a) t/t0 = 706, (b) t/t0 = 789, (c) t/t0 = 863, and (d) t/t0 = 1500. Arrow in inset (a) shows the direction of vortex motion. The narrow peak in the voltage at t 0 is connected with initially normal current In = I which transforms to the superconducting one on the time scale τJ . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-distribution-of-the-current-density-3cj2xvbo.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Distribution of the current density across the superconducting bridge (along the dashed line in the sketch of the bridge shown in the inset) at different magnetic fields and currents just below Ic(H ). In the inset we show a sketch of the bridge contacted to normal leads. To prevent the influence of nonequilibrium effects from the NS boundaries we locally (on the distance 5ξ0 from each end) increased the local Tc by 20%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-dependence-of-the-time-delay-in-the-o861yzkg.png FIG. 9. (Color online) Dependence of the time delay (in the appearance of the first vortex) on the applied current at different magnetic fields (nonthermal model). In the inset we show the same dependencies calculated in the quasiequilibrium model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-time-dependence-of-the-voltage-across-2tmyzny2.png FIG. 11. (Color online) Time dependence of the voltage across the bridge and magnitude of order parameter in the center of superconductor when ac current pulse (marked as a dotted line) is applied. In the inset we show spatial distribution of | | at t = 290t0 (a) and at t = 800t0. In the second half of the pulse the order parameter is suppressed strongly along the path of vortex motion which ensures larger vortex velocity and higher value of the voltage than in the first half of the current pulse. Calculations are made in quasiequilibrium model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-time-dependence-of-the-voltage-in-the-2d-1hv3gssj.png FIG. 10. (Color online) Time dependence of the voltage in the 2D superconducting bridge during an ac current pulse (marked as a dotted line). In a relatively narrow range of amplitudes of the current pulse the larger voltage appears only for one direction of the current. In the inset we show the time dependence of the order parameter in the center of the bridge. Calculations are made within the nonthermal model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-dependence-of-the-time-delay-td-on-the-42wjajr9.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Dependence of the time delay td on the normalized current I/Ic in the superconducting bridge with locally suppressed T locc (in the area with size ξ0 in the center of the bridge) and two values of τin. Decrease of td with decreasing T locc is explained by the locally smaller value of | | in equilibrium and it takes less time to suppress it to zero. In the case of a defect-free bridge (Ic = Idep) the time delay is smaller than in the bridge with a weak defect (at the same value of normalized current I/Ic) because | | → 0 near the ends of the homogenous bridge where the cooling effect is weaker due to the diffusion of nonequilibrium quasiparticles to the leads. https://scispace.com/papers/temptation-in-vote-selling-evidence-from-a-field-experiment-3sby2d5q3w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-survey-summary-statistics-and-balance-tests-322e1cr9.png Table 1: Baseline Survey Summary Statistics and Balance Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-vote-shares-and-candidate-favorability-ratings-by-nf29xm8c.png Table 2: Vote shares and candidate favorability ratings, by electoral race https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-promise-treatments-as-viewed-by-participants-1sysna1g.png Figure 1: Promise Treatments as Viewed by Participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-tests-of-theoretical-predictions-3u28pn1i.png Table 4: Tests of Theoretical Predictions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-impact-of-treatments-on-vote-switching-31our1vd.png Table 3: Impact of Treatments on Vote-Switching https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-vote-switching-by-treatment-condition-1mhzfjfe.png Figure 2: Vote-Switching by Treatment Condition https://scispace.com/papers/ten-years-of-compact-synchrotron-light-source-aurora-4uxev5ynp0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-photo-of-a2s-after-coverd-with-the-polyethylene-1413hone.png Fig. 5 Photo of A2S after coverd with the polyethylene neutron shielding. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-photo-of-a2s-before-wrapped-up-in-the-shielding-2azxoux6.png Fig. 4 Photo of A2S before wrapped up in the shielding materials. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-photo-of-a2d-with-7-tesla-wiggler-taken-at-our-tanashi-2ktdizqm.png Fig. 3 Photo of A2D with 7 Tesla wiggler taken at our Tanashi Works. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overall-view-of-hisor-at-hsrc-in-hiroshima-university-1glrn1gd.png Fig. 2 Overall view of HiSOR at HSRC in Hiroshima University. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-whole-view-of-aurora-facility-at-sr-center-in-1tqyx4bd.png Fig. 1 Whole view of AURORA facility at SR Center in Ritsumeikan University. https://scispace.com/papers/ten-year-longitudinal-study-of-thyroid-function-in-children-2ygc7rl5v3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-changes-of-thyroid-function-according-to-mt89w4dl.png Figure 5. Changes of thyroid function according to development of antibodies during follow-up: 1 st vs. 10 th year. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-thyroid-function-probability-of-any-thyroid-foqz1vns.png Figure 1. Thyroid function: probability of any thyroid dysfunction (excluding CHT). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thyroid-ultrasound-characteristics-according-to-3hn2nne9.png Table 1. Thyroid ultrasound characteristics according to thyroid status at 10 th years. https://scispace.com/papers/tendax-a-collaborative-database-based-real-time-editor-2kvsup846w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-data-lineage-fig-2-visual-mining-2azmpujq.png Fig. 1. Data Lineage Fig. 2. Visual Mining https://scispace.com/papers/tensile-behavior-of-bulk-metallic-glasses-by-in-situ-x-ray-3mo9yqeyb7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-high-resolution-i-q-curves-obtained-for-2my53zoz.png FIG. 4. Color online High-resolution I q curves obtained for the fractured samples by using 0.1 mm sized beam at different depths below the fracture surface. The inset shows the part of Bragg ring on a two-dimensional XRD pattern, correspondingly. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-pair-distribution-functions-g-r-of-as-jfr2g3ok.png FIG. 3. Color online a Pair distribution functions G r of as-cast and tensioned samples for both BMGs and b the atomic level strains determined from G r of tensile/transverse directions under two different stress values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-strains-determined-from-the-diffraction-3tpwleyt.png FIG. 2. Color online Strains determined from the diffraction data of tensile/transverse directions. In addition, the tensile stress-strain curves of Zr62Al8Ni13Cu17 and La62Al14 Cu5/6Ag1/6 Co5Ni5 BMGs are also included for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-normalized-diffraction-curves-i-q-of-the-284j3l57.png FIG. 1. Color online Normalized diffraction curves I q of the tensile direction and the top part magnification of first peaks in I q of tensile/ transverse directions changing with increasing stress for Zr62Al8Ni13Cu17 BMG. https://scispace.com/papers/tensile-behaviour-of-a-nanocrystalline-bainitic-steel-3uw5ag67gg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-scheme-of-the-cuts-performed-on-tested-tensile-3811w2ug.png Figure 6. Scheme of the cuts performed on tested tensile specimens. Grey areas represent the position where the cut was intended and the black area represents the selected area for observation and analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-typical-stress-strain-curves-and-incremental-strain-2fanbotj.png Figure 5. Typical stress-strain curves and incremental strain-hardening exponent n evolution with true strain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-at-different-magnifications-of-the-r12rcrgl.png Figure 1. Examples at different magnifications of the microstructures obtained by isothermal transformation at, 2200ºC (a) and (c) and 250ºC and (b) and (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tem-micrograph-detailing-dislocation-debris-the-2hfrrqxp.png Figure 2. TEM micrograph detailing dislocation debris the microstructure obtained at 250ºC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-mechanical-properties-u-uniform-f-2p291iar.png Table 3. Summary of mechanical properties. U = uniform, F= fracture, Elon. = Elongation. HV10 = Hardness Vickers 10kg https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bainitic-ferrite-plate-thickness-distribution-and-cgp10orr.png Figure 3. Bainitic ferrite plate thickness distribution and average value. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sfe-calculated-for-retained-austenite-in-220-and-2hfpx13j.png Table 4. SFE calculated for retained austenite in 220 and 250ºC microstructures and for a TWIP steel from ref.32, *where the estimated value of the SFE of the TWIP steel is aprox. 0.044 mJ m-2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-quantitative-data-on-microstructure-vi-and-ci-stands-1m4do9u0.png Table 2. Quantitative data on microstructure. Vi and Ci stands for the fraction and C content of the phase i, where i could be, αb = bainitic ferrite and γ = austenite. t stands for the plate thickness of bainitic ferrite, γfilm and γblock stands for the thickness of both morphologies of retained austenite size, aγ is the austenite lattice parameter. https://scispace.com/papers/tensile-deformation-of-silver-micro-wires-of-small-thickness-3t99k1grne 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sem-fractographs-of-40um-thick-ag-wires-after-22qftvmw.png Figure 9. SEM fractographs of 40µm thick-Ag wires after deformation. Grain size d = (a) 3.5 µm, (b) 5.1 µm, (c) 21.0 µm, (d) 40.6 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-tem-dislocation-structures-in-undeformed-750degc-32xwin84.png Figure 10. TEM dislocation structures in undeformed, 750°C-annealed Ag wire with grain size of 40µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fib-milling-for-sem-tem-observation-a-a-surface-22huj41q.png Figure 4. FIB milling for SEM/TEM observation. (a) A surface portion of the wire is milled away to expose a longitudinal section of the specimen. (b) Two ditches to be milled on the exposed longitudinal section to leave behind a TEM foil which is inclined at ~45º to the tensile axis. The foil is subsequently freed away by milling along its periphery, and transferred to a TEM sample grid by the Omniprobe. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-montage-of-tem-images-of-the-same-sample-as-2ld6542l.png Figure 14. A montage of TEM images of the same sample as Figure 13. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-tem-images-of-a-deformed-750degc-annealed-ag-wire-25kcc1sm.png Figure 13. TEM images of a deformed 750°C-annealed Ag wire of thickness ~50µm and grain size ~40µm, near the fracture point. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-typical-engineering-stress-engineering-strain-21urtpbx.png Figure 5. (a) Typical engineering stress - engineering strain curve with big ripples obtained with PID control parameter changes of PID = (0.01, 0.0002, 0.001), and (b) its correspongding center plateposition - engineering strain curve. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hall-petch-relationship-applied-to-the-0-2-yielding-hmgnup0t.png Figure 1. Hall-Petch relationship applied to the 0.2% yielding strength (specimen thickness: 50, 40, 30 and 20 µm). Error bars denote 1± standard deviation. Reproduced from ref. [40]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-typical-engineering-stress-engineering-strain-3n5zsvxk.png Figure 6. (a) Typical engineering stress - engineering strain curve at the later set of control parameters of PID = (0.5, 0.00001, 0.005), and (b) its correspongding center plateposition - engineering strain curve. https://scispace.com/papers/tensile-properties-of-a-non-line-of-sight-processed-b-g-g-57m0xtgor0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-fracture-surface-of-the-thin-nicocralyta-fscs-tested-rhrnzqvj.png Fig. 9. Fracture surface of the thin NiCoCrAlYTa FSCS tested at different temperatures. a) 650 °C, b) 700 °C, c) 850 °C, d) 950 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-surface-integrity-of-the-polished-nicocralyta-4ufj1qrd.png Fig. 4. a) Surface integrity of the polished NiCoCrAlYTa Tribomet® coating showing polished areas and valleys. b) Cross section of a thin freestanding coating specimen depicting the β-phase rich outer layer of the coating. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-evolution-of-the-dynamic-elastic-modulus-of-the-bulky-1n22grco.png Fig. 5. Evolution of the dynamic elastic modulus of the bulky NiCoCrAlYTa Tribomet® coating between 20 and 1000 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-stress-strain-curves-of-the-thin-nicocralyta-tribomet-fztoetcy.png Fig. 6. Stress-strain curves of the thin NiCoCrAlYTa Tribomet® FSCS between 650 °C and 850 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-evolution-of-the-strain-to-failure-s-t-f-with-the-3bapdbrb.png Fig. 8. Evolution of the strain-to-failure (S-T-F) with the temperature for thin and bulky NiCoCrAlYTa Tribomet® FSCS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-evolution-of-the-mechanical-strength-yield-stress-y-s-121zh5zb.png Fig. 7. Evolution of the mechanical strength (yield stress (Y.S.) and ultimate tensile strength (U.T.S.)) with the temperature for thin and bulky NiCoCrAlYTa Tribomet® FSCS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-evolution-of-the-differentmechanical-properties-of-102fmpiy.png Fig. 11. Evolution of the differentmechanical properties of the thin and bulky NiCoCrAlYTa FSCS as a function of the temperature. The properties are normalized by the average properties at 650 °C–700 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-different-specimen-geometries-used-for-the-mechanical-11svvc3m.png Fig. 1. Different specimen geometries used for the mechanical testing of bulky and thin FSCS: a) Resonant dynamic testing on bulky FSCS, b) Tensile testing on bulky FSCS, and c) Tensile testing on thin FSCS. https://scispace.com/papers/tensile-properties-of-inkjet-3d-printed-parts-critical-3p47ur8kca 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-anova-table-of-ultimate-tensile-strength-effects-for-24sg7x4y.png TABLE 4: ANOVA table of ultimate tensile strength effects for the 25 full factorial design after taking out the Y position factor. A: Position X, C/D: Longitudinal/transverse dir., E/F: Part spacing X/Y. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-impact-on-properties-due-to-a-cold-machine-rt-versus-x8aqfpma.png TABLE 2: Impact on properties due to a cold machine (’RT’) versus warm machine. For the latter case, in one test series the nozzles are cleaned (’Warm/clean’), while they are left as they are after the previous print in the other test series (’Warm/not clean’). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-interaction-plots-for-ultimate-tensile-strength-the-8qac3se7.png FIGURE 6: Interaction plots for ultimate tensile strength. The legend refers to the second values of the compared interaction. A: Position X, C/D: Longitudinal/transverse dir., E/F: Part spacing X/Y. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conventional-design-process-white-box-extended-to-1akebzpi.png FIGURE 1: Conventional design process (white box) extended to the DfAM methodology for customized AM products. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-full-anova-table-of-youngss-modulus-ultimate-tensile-10375so7.png TABLE 3: Full ANOVA table of Youngs’s modulus, ultimate tensile strength and elongation at break. A/B: Position X/Y, C/D: Longitudinal/transverse dir., E/F: Part spacing X/Y. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-anova-table-for-elongation-of-break-24-full-2he8klv1.png TABLE 5: ANOVA table for elongation of break, 24 full factorial design with 2 replicates after taking out B and F. A: Position X, C/D: Longitudinal/transverse dir., E: Part spacing X. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-interaction-plots-for-elongation-at-break-the-1emqf1rn.png FIGURE 7: Interaction plots for elongation at break. The legend refers to the second values of the compared interaction. A: Position X, C/D: Longitudinal/transverse dir., E: Part spacing X. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fractional-factorial-design-factors-with-3o0lm7vu.png TABLE 1: Fractional factorial design factors with corresponding maximum and minimum levels. The unit of the numbers in the upper part is millimeters. https://scispace.com/papers/tensile-properties-of-the-transverse-carpal-ligament-and-2lhahx10n9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-illustration-of-the-tcl-undergoing-elongation-and-70n8y58m.png Figure 5: Illustration of the TCL undergoing elongation and tensile deformation. (c) Arc length, 2 (d) Maillon Rapide Delta displacement, (e) TCL width on either side of Maillon Rapide Delta at 3 peak ligament elongation, (f) Apothem, (g) Same as (e), (h) Maillon Rapide Delta displacement 4 with respect to chord length, (i) Difference between the radius and apothem, (j) Horizontal 5 ligament width with respect to TCL width (e), (k) Horizontal ligament width with respect to TCL 6 width (g), and (l) Chord length. 7 8 The Maillon Rapide Delta used had a radius r of 5mm. The angle θ was determined using the 9 angle tool in the ProTrainer system (Sports Motion Inc®, Cardiff, CA) software. The arc length c 10 (from Figure 5) was calculated using the formula 11 12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-summary-of-tcl-tensile-properties-2-3-2bt8q21l.png Table 2 Data Summary of TCL Tensile Properties. 2 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-representation-of-tcl-and-carpal-arch-data-under-1ubvpzqy.png Table 1 Representation of TCL and Carpal Arch data under tension. 7 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-of-the-intact-tcl-showing-a-direction-of-2zw9819n.png Figure 3: Schematic of the intact TCL showing (a) Direction of stretch / elongation (tensile 13 deformation), (b) Original width of the TCL ( and (c) Original width of the CA ( 14 15 16 Three TCL anthropometric measurements of the specimens were obtained using an electronic 17 150mm LCD digital Vernier Caliper (Gizmo Deals Ltd, Northamptonshire, UK). The width of 18 the TCL was calculated as the average of the dimensions of the TCL distal width, TCL proximal 19 width and TCL mid width. Ligament strain was calculated as the increase in TCL width divided 20 by the original width of the TCL. The term ‘Original’ refers to the relaxed or pre-loaded 21 condition of the ligament. Both the TCL width and CA width are terms used to define the carpal 22 tunnel complex. The original TCL width ( represents the width of the external surface 23 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-load-displacement-curve-for-all-six-specimens-3-1f2h3v04.png Figure 6: Load – Displacement curve for all six specimens. 3 https://scispace.com/papers/tensile-strength-and-steam-oxidation-resistance-of-ods-ej3y2wk1e2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-extruded-master-rods-b-evolution-of-the-crazy-3b3fa512.png Figure 1: a) Extruded master rods, b) Evolution of the CrAZY alloy hardness with extrusion temperature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-cold-rolled-foils-b-evolution-of-the-crazy-foil-1gnz1g7w.png Figure 2: a) Cold rolled foils, b) Evolution of the CrAZY foil hardness with foil thickness https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-tensile-curves-at-room-temperature-of-the-master-2v0itql3.png Figure 10. Tensile curves at room temperature of the master rod, foil and CrAZY tube https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-schematic-of-the-various-specimens-used-to-eb510atv.png Figure 9. Schematic of the various specimens used to characterize the room temperature tensile properties of the master rod, foil and CrAZY tube. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-tube-cross-section-b-wall-thickness-measurement-ewj1nmgw.png Figure 5. a) Tube cross-section, b) Wall thickness measurement ............................................................ 15 Figure 6. Cross-sectional back scattered scanning electron microscopy (BES-SEM) pictures of, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-steam-oxidation-testing-a-experimental-set-up-with-sdr0lquk.png Figure 11. Steam oxidation testing, a) experimental set up with CrAZY tube coupon ramped up to 1400ºC, b) and c) oxide scale grown on the CrAZY tube after the 1400ºC test https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-master-rods-composition-measured-by-induction-md1ytbb0.png Table 1. Master rods composition measured by induction coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (most of the elements), combustion analysis (C and S), and inert gas fusion analysis (O and N) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-bse-sem-micrographs-of-annealed-materials-a-foil-3h0k1zy0.png Figure 12. BSE-SEM micrographs of annealed materials, a) foil, 900ºC, b) CrAZY tube, 900ºC, c) foil, 1100ºC, d) CrAZY tube, 1100ºC https://scispace.com/papers/tension-behaviour-of-hnbr-and-fkm-elastomers-for-a-wide-293bax124k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-true-stress-strain-curves-obtained-in-2qwq50n2.png Figure 2: Comparison of true stress-strain curves obtained in three different ways. The mean behaviour of the fifth cycle is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-true-stress-strain-curves-during-first-loading-at-pajel73n.png Figure 6: True stress-strain curves during first loading at different temperatures for the (a) HNBR1, (b) HNBR2, and (c) FKM materials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-raw-machine-data-for-all-combinations-of-material-qdj2jhqx.png Figure 5: Raw machine data for all combinations of material and temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-overview-of-material-failure-during-testing-39lokfnk.png Table 3: Overview of material failure during testing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tested-materials-their-geometries-and-properties-4egwl0if.png Table 1: Tested materials, their geometries and properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-normalized-relaxation-behaviour-at-different-crbuzjro.png Figure 9: Normalized relaxation behaviour at different temperatures for the (a) HNBR1, (b) HNBR2, and (c) FKM materials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-edge-tracing-routine-for-hnbr1-material-1kum8azn.png Figure 4: Example of edge tracing routine for HNBR1 material at −20 ◦C, (a) example frame and (b) grey level gradient for x-pixel line 1500. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-crosshead-displacement-for-test-on-hnbr1-at-room-1a59tmbb.png Figure 1: Crosshead displacement for test on HNBR1 at room temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/tensor-completion-for-estimating-missing-values-in-visual-2fewsmknl1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-left-image-is-a-rendering-of-an-original-phong-1mvpdhci.png Fig. 9: The left image is a rendering of an original phong BRDF; we randomly select 90% of the pixels for removal shown in white in the middle image; the right image is the result of the proposed SiLRTC algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-left-figure-contains-80-missing-entries-shown-as-2kv1a3eh.png Fig. 1: The left figure contains 80% missing entries shown as white pixels and the right figure shows its reconstruction using the low rank approximation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-comparison-of-tensor-completion-and-matrix-2r4exlfl.png Fig. 5: The comparison of tensor completion and matrix completion. The left up image (one slice of the MRI) is the original; we randomly select pixels for removal shown in white in the left middle image; the left bottom image is the reconstruction by the proposed FaLRTC algorithm with µ = 5; the right up, middle, and bottom images are respectively the results of matrix completion algorithm MC1, MC2, and MC3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-rse-comparison-on-the-synthetic-data-i1-i2-i3-i4-21o7d7zh.png Fig. 6: The RSE comparison on the synthetic data. I1 = I2 = I3 = I4 = 50 and r1 = r2 = r3 = r4 = 2. All parameters are identical to the setting in the button part of Table 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-rse-comparison-on-the-synthetic-data-with-the-1yna0kur.png TABLE 4: The RSE comparison on the synthetic data with the size 60 × 60 × 60. S-MCk (k = 1, 2, 3, · · · ) denotes the performance by applying matrix completion method on each slice. We use the FaLRTC algorithm to do tensor completion with µ = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-rse-comparison-on-the-synthetic-data-with-ri-2-3skgmdcz.png TABLE 2: The RSE comparison on the synthetic data with ri = 2. MCk (k = 1, 2, 3, · · · ) denotes the performance of the solution of the problem (44) with i = k. We use the FaLRTC algorithm to do tensor completion with µ = 1. The top, middle, and bottom parts of the table respond to different sizes of the synthetic data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-rse-comparison-on-the-mri-brain-data-u-5-in-the-hux6qafn.png TABLE 3: The RSE comparison on the MRI brain data. µ = 5 in the FaLRTC algorithm. MCk (k = 1, 2, 3, · · · ) denotes the performance of the solution of the problem (44) with i = k. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-video-completion-the-left-image-one-frame-of-the-video-34l8yl3m.png Fig. 8: Video completion. The left image (one frame of the video) is the original; we randomly select pixels for removal shown in white in the middle image; the right image is the result of the proposed LTRC algorithm. https://scispace.com/papers/tensor-decomposition-based-beamspace-esprit-for-millimeter-12s2xirb6o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-lambertian-scattering-illustration-of-street-scenario-1a16hnhk.png Fig. 4. Lambertian scattering. Illustration of street scenario consisting of a line of sight plus 3 reflections, in total L = 4 paths. Dots represent scatter points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-rmse-error-for-angle-left-and-delay-estimation-right-29ls2h8n.png Fig. 5. RMSE error for angle (left) and delay estimation (right) under the Lambertian scattering model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-5-d-channel-estimation-performance-versus-angular-and-qwsj8u2j.png Fig. 3. 5-D channel estimation performance versus angular and delay for the proposed beamspace tensor-ESPRIT method under a Gaussian distributed model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-5-d-channel-estimation-performance-versus-snr-for-the-qncza2ap.png Fig. 1. 5-D channel estimation performance versus SNR for the proposed beamspace tensor-ESPRIT method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-parameter-association-5-d-example-for-the-proposed-10eb0in8.png Fig. 2. Parameter association (5-D) example for the proposed beamspace tensor-ESPRIT method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-a-comparison-of-the-related-subspace-algorithms-4r4pi2of.png TABLE I A COMPARISON OF THE RELATED SUBSPACE ALGORITHMS https://scispace.com/papers/tenure-profiles-and-efficient-separation-in-a-stochastic-1m2haza48n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-predicted-job-hazards-opuzxmz4.png Figure 1: Predicted Job Hazards https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-dataset-23pivg6v.png Table 1: Summary Statistics Dataset https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mle-tenure-distribution-parameters-2jzlswo0.png Table 5: MLE Tenure Distribution Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-expected-surplus-in-incomplete-job-spells-7unx6mdh.png Figure 3: Expected Surplus in Incomplete Job Spells https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-within-and-between-jobs-wage-change-regressions-2e8af1ql.png Table 2: Within and Between-Jobs Wage Change Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-selectivity-versus-drift-in-the-expected-surplus-2nxbnk1m.png Figure 4: Selectivity versus Drift in the Expected Surplus https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-wage-changes-in-completed-spells-incomplete-spells-1w4u50ou.png Table 6: Wage Changes in Completed Spells, Incomplete Spells and at Job Transitions https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-initial-wage-changes-regressions-at-job-transition-kmnc8de7.png Table 8: Initial Wage Changes Regressions at Job Transition https://scispace.com/papers/tenure-security-and-soil-conservation-in-an-overlapping-3o86sbsuo8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-regression-results-effects-of-tenure-security-25c5gyv0.png Table 2 Main regression results – effects of tenure security and poverty status. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-households-switching-behavior-2on7o26u.png Table 6 Household’s switching behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-offsetting-effects-of-tenure-security-and-poverty-2pkai2u2.png Table 7 Offsetting effects of tenure security and poverty. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-results-by-poverty-status-3tj4qm90.png Table 3. Regression results by poverty status. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-k58qkfq6.png Table 1 Summary statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-results-for-all-agricultural-households-1ztrvd7p.png Table 4 Regression results for all agricultural households. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-results-with-land-quality-transfer-8oju1vgk.png Table 5 Regression results with “land quality transfer” https://scispace.com/papers/tephra-isochrons-and-chronologies-of-colonisation-2jl3bmtrui 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tephrochronological-record-of-archaeological-sites-zojefzrm.png Table 2: Tephrochronological record of archaeological sites. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tephrochronological-record-in-iceland-2x9ms6nn.png Table 1: Tephrochronological record in Iceland. https://scispace.com/papers/terabit-per-second-optical-wireless-links-for-virtual-3q3ab6c9kk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-throughput-versus-distance-3mzegwp6.png Figure 9. Throughput versus Distance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-throughput-capacity-trend-for-pon-g-gbps-1-md23sqti.png Figure 1. Throughput capacity trend for PON (G = Gbps) [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-los-optical-link-table-1-parameters-grey-and-link-32dm2rd7.png Figure 5. LOS optical link Table 1. Parameters (grey) and link simulation results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-plc-plug-tp-link-av-1300-gigabit-modified-30gp1hm1.png Figure 6. PLC plug “tp-link” - AV 1300 Gigabit modified https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tools-for-tests-249qnnai.png Table 2. Tools for tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8a-tx-856-nm-with-26-nm-fwhm-figure-8b-tx-954-nm-with-2odsa9f2.png Figure 8a: TX@856 nm with 26 nm FWHM Figure 8b: TX@954 nm with 33 nm FWHM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7a-testbed-figure-7b-complete-link-wyltm1d0.png Figure 7a. Testbed Figure 7b: Complete link https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-wortecs-wireless-access-capabilities-16w9em76.png Figure 2. WORTECS wireless access capabilities https://scispace.com/papers/terahertz-microscopy-with-oblique-subwavelength-illumination-wz0d9hn1ed 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-formation-of-a-photonic-hook-by-a-cubic-particle-2mzjy4r3.png Fig. 2. (a) - formation of a photonic hook by a cubic particle with a side screen, (b) – experimental contrast of the image of a test object with a terajet (dotted line) and a photonic hook (solid red line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-concept-of-a-microscope-with-a-3m9o67k5.png Fig. 1. The concept of a microscope with a https://scispace.com/papers/terahertz-electro-absorption-effect-enabling-femtosecond-all-1d6jh4ikci 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-electric-field-in-free-space-as-a-3r6x3h8t.png FIG. 2. Color online a Electric field in free-space as a function of time of the THz pulse with peak field strength of 220 kV/cm. Inset: its amplitude frequency spectrum. b Solid line: R /R of the probe signal at 1040 nm in the QD sample, under influence of the incident THz pulse from a . Dashed line: absolute value of the electric field in the THz pulse from a experienced by the QDs. Inset: intensity spectrum of the optical probe signal with and without peak electric field of the THz signal from a on the QDs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-small-signal-reflectivity-spectrum-of-the-9adl2efr.png FIG. 1. Color online Small-signal reflectivity spectrum of the whole QD sample solid line , a bare DBR dashed line , and the intensity spectrum of the probe laser pulse at QD ground state resonance at 1040 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-r-r-of-the-optical-probe-signal-in-the-1zdwvqbw.png FIG. 4. Color online R /R of the optical probe signal in the QDs, provided by the multiple reflections of a single THz pulse in the QD sample. Inset: amplitude Fourier spectra of the isolated first R /R modulation pulse around 0 ps dashed line , and of the full multipulse sequence. Background: amplitude spectrum of a single THz pulse. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-r-r-of-the-optical-probe-signal-in-the-ngphyi2y.png FIG. 3. Color online a R /R of the optical probe signal in the QD sample, under influence of the incident THz pulses with variable peak field strength. b Peak values of R /R of the signals from a , as a function of peak THz field on the QDs. https://scispace.com/papers/terahertz-laser-vibration-rotation-tunneling-spectroscopy-3edlwjernv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-tunneling-splitting-pattern-predicted-for-the-cage-2tx1plff.png TABLE 4: Tunneling Splitting Pattern Predicted for the Cage Hexamer under the Permutation Group G4a https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-character-table-of-the-permutation-group-g4a-35a88a31.png TABLE 3: Character Table of the Permutation Group G4a https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-line-strengths-la-jt-jt-used-in-the-stark-energy-2z8q0f13.png TABLE 5: Line Strengths λa(Jτ,Jτ′) Used in the Stark Energy Calculations (τ ) Ka - Kc) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-five-lowest-energy-structures-of-the-water-hexamer-2spm2elb.png Figure 1. Five lowest-energy structures of the water hexamer and their relative stabilities predicted by Gregory and Clary using DQMC simulation with a water-water potential including nonpairwise additive corrections.25 Values of De (lower lines, relative to 6 free water molecules) andD0 (upper lines) are shown. The ZPE ()D0 - De) calculations show that the cage structure is more stable than the prism by 62 cm-1 even though the latter is below the former by 213 cm-1 at potential minimum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-logarithmic-plot-of-the-normalized-signal-eg2pbrh9.png Figure 2. The logarithmic plot of the normalized signal intensity versus the H mole fraction used to establish the (water cluster) size of the spectral carrier. Each data point contains at least 10 normalized intensity measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-four-degenerate-cage-structures-linked-through-the-xqv8v2wj.png Figure 6. Four degenerate cage structures linked through the effective C2 tunneling of two doubly bonded monomers. The off-diagonal tunneling matrix elementsân (n) 1-3) connecting different localized wave functionsφn (n ) 1-4) are shown with the corresponding permutation operations defined in the text. Note that the flipping motion of the doubly bonded monomers does not yield degenerate structures that can be considered in classification of tunneling symmetries. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-observed-and-calculated-vrt-spectra-of-the-near-qgk7z53t.png Figure 3. The observed and calculated VRT spectra of the near-prolate (H2O)6 cluster. (A, spectrum 1) The overall experimental stick spectrum can be decomposed into bands of (A, spectrum 2) c-type and (A, spectrum 3) b-type, which are calculated using the molecular constants in Table 1. The difference between the b- and c-type transitions can been most easily identified near the region of band origin as expanded in the inset B, wherein a rigorous prolate spectrum (B, spectrum 1) calculated with its rotational constantsB′′ ()C′′) andB′ ()C′) equal to the corresponding values of (B + X)/2 of the asymmetric cage is also displayed to show the relative red and blue shifts of the lowKa stacks in the b-type subbands (B, spectra 2 and 4) caused by the asymmetry doubling. (B, spectrum 3) The calculated c-type transitions near the band origin region.(C) The actual experimental spectrum of R(8),Ka ) 0 r 1 illustrates the triplet tunneling pattern (top trace resolved with a modulation deviation∆fDEV of 700 kHz) accompanying each rovibrational transition. The bottom shows the same peak unresolved with∆fDEV ) 2.3 MHz, which was normally used in our experiments.(D) A survey scan of 462 MHz showing part of the∆Ka ) 6 r 5Q branch progression of the cage (H2O)6. The triplet patterns were not intended to be resolved. The H2O trimer signals partially obscuring the Q(11) transition of (H2O)6 were saturated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-principal-dipole-moment-components-permanent-induced-30o9lwbd.png TABLE 8: Principal Dipole Moment Components (Permanent+ Induced, in Debye) of the Dimer, Trimer, and Pentamer Calculated with the Polarization Modela https://scispace.com/papers/terahertz-pulsed-imaging-reveals-the-stratigraphy-of-a-21np0r928x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-visible-photograph-of-the-madonna-in-preghiera-b-rgwcsmm4.png Figure 1(a) Visible photograph of the Madonna in Preghiera, (b) UV Fluorescence Image, and (c) IR Reflectography Image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-thz-b-scan-based-on-the-raw-measured-data-and-b-3ki9uwet.png Figure 2. (a)THz B-scan based on the raw measured data and (b) Binary THz B-scan based on the deconvolved data for a typical cross-section, in which a valid peak is assigned value ‘1’ and the other positions ‘0’ regardless of the sign or height of the peak. I: varnish; II: pictorial layer; III: underpainting; IV: imprimatura; V: ground layer. https://scispace.com/papers/terahertz-pulse-generation-from-quantum-cascade-lasers-1pzfl5vthc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-active-modelocking-of-the-metal-metal-qcl-at-77k-a-jx9fepsw.png Fig. 1. Active modelocking of the metal-metal QCL at 77K. (a) Output electric field for the seeded (red) and the modelocked (black) QCL. (b) Expanded view of the THz pulse intensity between 1470ps and 1530 ps. (c) FFT of figure (a) for seeded (red) and modelocked (black) QCL https://scispace.com/papers/terahertz-spektroskopie-mit-high-speed-asops-thz-1aztjrdoie 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-thz-pulse-after-transmission-through-42-cm-of-3ps2rayk.png Figure 4: a) THz pulse after transmission through 42 cm of ambient air at 52% relative humidity (total acquisition time 110 ms). b) Top: Spectrum of signal as shown in a) with total acquisition time of 1.1 s. The modulation is due to Fabry-Perot interference within the emitter chip. Bottom: Spectrum of signal under dry-air purging of the setup with 110 s acquisition time. c) Top: Transmission spectrum of gaseous water in ambient air compiled from HITRAN data base. Bottom: Transmission spectrum of ambient air measured with high-speed ASOPS system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-high-speed-asops-thz-time-domain-spectroscopy-26gjsx2l.png Figure 3: High-speed ASOPS THz time-domain spectroscopy system. Optical paths are represented by solid lines, electrical paths by dashed lines. See text for further details. https://scispace.com/papers/terahertz-time-domain-spectroscopy-as-a-novel-tool-for-5gpfkgmpud 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cri-of-the-pseudo-wood-calculated-from-xrd-patterns-1skn201x.png Table 2 CrI of the pseudo-wood calculated from XRD patterns and the integrated intensity obtained from 282 2.79 THz to 3.32 THz mass absorption coefficient spectra 283 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calculated-r2-values-of-the-pseudo-wood-fitted-by-3coei5qd.png Table 1 Calculated R2 values of the pseudo-wood fitted by two different amorphous intensity curves 150 https://scispace.com/papers/teratoma-of-the-neck-on-fine-needle-aspiration-cytology-an-1havdi3iru 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cartilage-a-400x-h-e-keratin-material-and-adipose-2ktc3l2h.png Fig. 3: Cartilage (a, 400x, H&E), keratin material and adipose tissue (b, 400x, H&E), neurological component (400x, H&E), GFAP positive (400x, DAB). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-columnar-cells-stomal-material-a-400x-mgg-spindle-17okd2sf.png Fig. 2: Columnar cells & stomal material (a, 400x, MGG), spindle cells (b, 400x, MGG), vacuolated cytoplasm, clear cells(c, 400x, MGG), glandular differentiation (d, 400x, MGG), squamous cells (100x, Pap stain), squamous cells (400x, Pap stain). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-patient-with-anterior-cervical-teratoma-b9nb1hc2.png Fig. 1: Patient with anterior cervical teratoma. https://scispace.com/papers/teratozoospermia-its-association-with-sperm-dna-defects-3zzeeaud5t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-among-sperm-shape-anomalies-teratozoospermic-showed-2lfgc5vb.png Table 1. Among sperm shape anomalies, teratozoospermic showed higher percentages of sperm head abnormalities (P = .002), tapered heads (P = .018), double heads (P = .01), and acrosome anomalies (P = .001) with respect to control Table 1. Regarding the abnormalities of tail, teratozoospermic men showed higher percentage of double tails (P = .008) and coiled tails (P = .046). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-our-study-showed-a-negative-correlation-between-gsh-8ismtrfn.png Table 7. Our study showed a negative correlation between GSH and GSSG contents (P = .012) in seminal plasma of the studied groups. In contrast, a positive relationship was found between seminal GSH level and seminal P-SH (P = .036). https://scispace.com/papers/term-structure-estimation-with-survey-data-on-interest-rate-53c7x21bkc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-the-expected-paths-of-the-short-rate-on-dec-30-2tb8tvh4.png Figure 5: (a) The expected paths of the short rate on Dec. 30, 2003, based on estimations with and without survey data (S1990 and NS1990). (Horizon in years shown on axis.) (b) Two-year forward term premium. (c) Expected 10-year-ahead short-rate expectations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-b-coefficients-from-the-expectations-hypothesis-1a00ne38.png Table 3: β coefficients from the expectations hypothesis regression. Top panel (“SAMPLE”) shows the results from the 1990-2003 sample, with Newey-West standard errors in parenthesis. Bottom panel shows the implied coefficients from the S1990 estimate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-long-term-inflation-forecasts-from-the-michigan-2ztkcur8.png Figure 1: Long-term inflation forecasts from the Michigan survey of households (inflation forecast over the next 5 to 10 years) and the Survey of Professional Forecasters (10-year inflation forecast). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-estimates-with-and-without-survey-data-ooal85tu.png Table 1: Parameter estimates with and without survey data. (S1990 and NS1990). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-the-survey-based-expected-change-in-2rnpwzo2.png Figure 7: Comparison of the survey-based expected change in the 5-year par yield (thick solid line) and the model-based expected change (thin solid line). (a) 6-month horizon, (b) 12-month horizon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-conventional-model-estimation-a-the-expected-paths-ibabo6i7.png Figure 2: Conventional model estimation: (a) The expected paths of the short rate on Dec. 30, 2003, based on the conventional (maximum-likelihood) estimation with the 1990-2003 and 1965-2003 samples. (Horizon in years shown on axis.) The corresponding forward rate curve is also shown for comparison (dashed line). (b) Two-year forward term premium. (c) Ten-year-ahead short-rate expectations and the forward rate time series. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-coefficients-from-the-regression-of-survey-forecasts-4agtuqte.png Table 4: Coefficients from the regression of survey forecasts on model-implied forecasts. ND (nodifferencing) refers to eqs. (39) and (41), and D (3-month differencing) refers to eqs. (40) and (42). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-median-in-and-standard-deviation-in-of-the-22g9edu8.png Table 5: Mean, median (in [.]), and standard deviation (in (.)) of the estimated parameters according to estimations with and without “survey” data. https://scispace.com/papers/teres-ligament-patch-reduces-relevant-morbidity-after-distal-3hm3vhamcj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-trial-profile-2hl35lmo.png FIGURE 1. Trial profile. https://scispace.com/papers/term-structure-forecasting-no-arbitrage-restrictions-vs-38l9ursm1y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-first-four-macro-factor-2vgv880z.png Figure 3: First four macro factor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-12-month-ahead-forecast-comparison-1bkaiwz0.png Figure 5-2. 12-month ahead forecast comparison https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-forecast-comparison-with-rmsfe-ratio-10867oyt.png Table 2. Forecast comparison with RMSFE ratio https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-1-month-ahead-forecast-comparison-mlog6nhe.png Figure 5-1. 1-month ahead forecast comparison https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-forecast-comparison-for-macro-variables-with-bmai-19fda6fw.png Table 7. Forecast comparison for macro variables with BMAI ratio https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-factor-loadings-3bkcf5bz.png Table 1 Factor loadings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-us-yield-curve-1974-4-2003-9-2s03c3h3.png Figure 1: US yield curve (1974:4 – 2003:9) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-forecast-comparison-for-macro-variables-with-rmsfe-23kf8s4x.png Table 6. Forecast comparison for macro variables with RMSFE ratio https://scispace.com/papers/term-selection-patterns-for-formulating-queries-a-user-study-494wr4h1c9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-this-figure-shows-the-categorisation-of-query-2j4zay2s.png Fig 1. This figure shows the categorisation of query formulation patterns, i.e. the characterisation of all first queries submitted for each question (Q) of the task (%). https://scispace.com/papers/term-structure-models-a-perspective-from-the-long-rate-7cjsjl252s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-yield-curves-in-merton-model-the-dashed-curve-and-2hi4qxot.png Figure 1. Yield curves in Merton model (the dashed curve) and Cox-IngersollRoss model (the solid curve) with the time to maturity up to 30 years. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-yield-curves-in-merton-model-the-dashed-curve-and-28gp9uwj.png Figure 2. Yield curves in Merton model (the dashed curve) and Cox-IngersollRoss model (the solid curve) with the time to maturity up to 100 years. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-yield-curves-for-vasicek-model-the-dashed-curve-1mfokym0.png Figure 8. The yield curves for Vasicek model (the dashed curve) with k = 0 1779. θ = 0 086. , σ = 0 02. , and r t( ) .= 0 04 ; and Cox-Ingersoll-Ross model (the solid curve) with k = 0 2339. θ = 0 081. , σ = 0 02. , and r t( ) .= 0 04 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-yield-curve-with-the-short-rate-at-4-and-the-long-2ujy5938.png Figure 3. A yield curve with the short rate at 4% and the long rate at 8%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-yield-to-maturity-and-the-expected-average-2d9ge99u.png Figure 4. The yield to maturity and the expected average short rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-instantaneous-volatility-of-the-yield-to-1rjpu675.png Figure 6. The (instantaneous) volatility of the yield to maturity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-examples-of-yield-curves-from-the-model-with-the-16xaacxp.png Figure 9. Examples of yield curves from the model with the short rate and the long rate as two state variables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-yield-curves-for-merton-model-with-th-0-0055-s-wi11hume.png Figure 7. The yield curves for Merton model with θ = 0 0055. , σ = 0 02. , and r t( ) .= 0 04 . https://scispace.com/papers/term-weighting-approaches-for-mining-significant-locations-2202rjikdy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summarising-the-location-log-22ktxxud.png TABLE 2. SUMMARISING THE LOCATION LOG https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-countries-visited-and-hours-spent-there-2ir0nzv2.png TABLE 1. COUNTRIES VISITED AND HOURS SPENT THERE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-precision-for-135-and-10-locations-2vg4egy5.png TABLE 3. AVERAGE PRECISION FOR 1,3,5 AND 10 LOCATIONS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plot-of-a-power-law-distribution-of-words-from-3dha2t2l.png Figure 1. Plot of a Power-law distribution of words from english language text on a log-log scale, showing the frequency of occurrance of every unique word in the text corpus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plot-of-a-power-law-distribution-of-locations-left-3a83b6hx.png Figure 3. Plot of a Power-law distribution of locations (left) and words (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plot-of-a-power-law-distribution-of-location-data-1fp63xgg.png Figure 2. Plot of a Power-law distribution of location data on a log-log scale, showing the number of places visited where the user lingered for lengths of time from 1 to 1,000,000 minutes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-log-log-plot-of-the-distribution-of-location-data-a8f25n8o.png Figure 4. Log-log plot of the distribution of location data within the home country of the individual. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-log-log-plot-of-the-distribution-of-location-data-35z1qjmx.png Figure 5. Log-log plot of the distribution of location data out of the home country of the individual. https://scispace.com/papers/ternary-graph-as-a-questionnaire-a-new-approach-to-12j8kpjpp2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-equilateral-triangle-where-the-corners-each-mi0r1202.png Fig. 1. An equilateral triangle where the corners each indicate one of the three components A, B, C and A + B +C = 100%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-seven-top-level-descriptor-terms-5vylu2ws.png Fig. 2. The seven top-level descriptor terms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-map-and-flow-chart-of-descriptor-terms-specific-for-23812rsb.png Fig. 3. Map and flow chart of descriptor terms specific for self-assessment of patients with head and neck disease. * Indicates that the descriptor terms, which extend all level 2 terms to level 3, are identical. https://scispace.com/papers/termite-mounds-contain-distinct-methanotroph-communities-15392w55gu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-maximum-likelihood-tree-showing-the-phylogenetic-8t68iuwo.png Fig. 2 Maximum-likelihood tree showing the phylogenetic affiliation of the deduced amino acid pmoA gene sequences of 25 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), in relation to uncultivated methanotrophic clusters and methanotroph isolates. The 25 OTUs are depicted in bold and numbered according to decreasing relative abundance among all samples. The tree was built using the LG empirical amino acid substitution model and bootstrapped using 100 bootstrap replicates. Node numbers indicate bootstrap branch support ≥60. Genbank accession numbers for the sequences at individual node tips are given in parentheses. The scale bar displays 0.2 changes per amino acid position. https://scispace.com/papers/termites-isoptera-brulle-1832-of-abuko-nature-reserve-18xlww5baz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-termites-species-collected-in-different-stations-1yfeo5iw.png Table 3. The termites species collected in different stations in Tanji Bird Reserve https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-measurements-mm-of-workers-of-of-the-morphotype-2-3o9gupxd.png Table 11. Measurements (mm) of workers of of the morphotype 2 Cubitermes near proximatus Silvestri, 1914 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-measurements-mm-of-soldiers-of-the-morphotype-2-of-dgdk09bg.png Table 10. Measurements (mm) of soldiers of the morphotype 2 of Cubitermes near proximatus Silvestri, 1914 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-head-of-cubitermes-proximatus-silvestri-1914-e2mecddv.png Figure 9. Head of Cubitermes proximatus Silvestri 1914 soldier in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-head-of-euchilotermes-arcuata-silvestri-1914-1bu7vwc5.png Figure 11. Head of Euchilotermes arcuata Silvestri 1914 soldier in dorsal (left), profile (middle) and ventral (right) views https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-measurements-mm-of-soldiers-of-euchilotermes-35n3y4pb.png Table 12. Measurements (mm) of soldiers of Euchilotermes arcuata Silvestri, 1914 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-termites-species-collected-in-different-stations-weosvrjk.png Table 1. The termites species collected in different stations in Abuko Nature Reserve https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-the-study-sites-abuko-nature-reserve-937i0qj9.png Figure 1. Location of the study sites Abuko Nature Reserve, Tanji Bird Reserve and Nyambai Forest Park https://scispace.com/papers/terrace-reconstruction-and-long-profile-projection-a-case-kydgtx7l5p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-osl-dates-from-the-eastern-solent-and-isle-of-wight-2sht99ow.png Table 2: OSL dates from the Eastern Solent and Isle of Wight, showing stratigraphic position and approximate MIS attribution. MIS boundaries are taken from Imbrie et al. (1984). Samples from SB03 and HUF03 have previously been published in Bates et al. (2010). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-osl-dosimetry-equivalent-dose-and-age-estimates-for-3gcfp1k7.png Table 1: OSL dosimetry, equivalent dose and age estimates for samples from the Eastern Solent and Isle of Wight. Gy = Grays, ka = thousands of years. NAA shows that a single NAA value was used to calculate dose rate; ICP-MS was used on some later samples, and gamma spectroscopy (γ-spec) at some locations. Samples from SB03 and HUF03 have previously been published in Bates et al. (2010). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-the-edwards-and-freshney-1987-lbzmqg27.png Table 3. Comparison of the Edwards and Freshney (1987) stratigraphy, endorsed and expanded to Sheet 299 by the PASHCC project (Bates et al., 2004), with the stratigraphy of Westaway et al. (2006). OSL dating during the PASHCC project is reliable only from Terraces 1 and 2 and is discussed in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/terpyridine-fused-polyaromatic-hydrocarbons-generated-via-3mbq9yisex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-emission-data-for-ru-ii-complexes-6-7-and-8-77-k-4-1-1jmk52cq.png Table 2 Emission data for Ru(II) complexes 6, 7 and 8 (77 K, 4 : 1 ethanol–methanol) (∼10−5 M) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-normalized-absorption-data-of-ru-ii-complexes-6-7-and-2rtxremj.png Fig. 5 Normalized absorption data of Ru(II) complexes 6, 7 and 8 in CH3CN at room temperature (∼10−5 M). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-p-p-stacking-interaction-between-two-molecules-3dj4z6zs.png Fig. 3 (a) The π–π stacking interaction between two molecules of 2. (b) The packing arrangement between molecules of 2 as viewed along the y axis (solvent molecules omitted for clarity). https://scispace.com/papers/terramobilita-iqmulus-urban-point-cloud-analysis-benchmark-3wfn1fdgg5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lidar-point-cloud-viewed-in-sensor-space-horizontal-3cor7mrc.png Figure 3: Lidar point cloud viewed in sensor-space : horizontal axis corresponds to time and vertical axis corresponds to rotation angle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3d-view-of-the-dataset-3dodv4x4.png Figure 1: 3D View of the dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-ids-right-classes-1ncmdv6x.png Figure 2: (left) Ids. (right) Classes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ipf-kit-result-on-a-part-of-the-benchmark-area-2skrfd49.png Figure 7: IPF-KIT result on a part of the benchmark area. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-left-cmm-horizontal-road-sidewalk-islands-vs-14iwx96z.png Table 3: Left: CMM horizontal (road, sidewalk, islands) vs vertical (curb) confusion matrix for ground surface points. Right: CMM 0- (pedestrian) vs 2- (bicycles, moped, motorbike,...) vs 4-wheelers (cars) confusion matrix for mobile object points https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ground-truth-on-a-part-of-the-benchmark-area-main-2t06l75n.png Figure 6: Ground truth on a part of the benchmark area. Main classes are road (dark gray), sidewalk (gray), curb (light gray), building (yellow), car (green), pedestrians (blue), 2-wheelers (cyan), punctual objects (magenta) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-kit-0-pedestrian-vs-2-bicycles-moped-motorbike-vs-4-2izlez0g.png Table 2: KIT 0- (pedestrian) vs 2- (bicycles, moped, motorbike,...) vs 4-wheelers (cars) confusion matrix for mobile object points https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-work-flow-of-our-proposed-segmentation-methodology-20b9xnod.png Figure 5: Work-flow of our proposed segmentation methodology. https://scispace.com/papers/territorial-efficiency-analysis-of-the-role-of-public-work-51jrec1lek 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inputs-and-outputs-average-values-for-the-period-sbts8qls.png Table 1. Inputs and outputs: Average values for the period 2003-2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-efficiency-scores-summary-statistics-2atf6myh.png Table 2. Efficiency scores: Summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-efficiency-scores-by-autonomous-community-3bkh3xq6.png Table 3. Efficiency scores by Autonomous Community https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1b-output-directional-distance-function-with-2krzs9oj.png Figure 1b. Output directional distance function with desirable and undesirable outputs (2D) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1a-output-directional-distance-function-with-2jq07mwj.png Figure 1b. Output directional distance function with desirable and undesirable outputs (2D) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-presents-additional-aggregate-statistics-for-the-1ewdsi1c.png Table 3. Efficiency scores by Autonomous Community https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-efficiency-scores-average-values-between-2003-and-1amysi9d.png Figure 3. Efficiency scores: Average values between 2003 and 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-variation-in-the-gdp-per-capita-at-constant-iu1ygf4m.png Figure 2. Average variation in the GDP per capita (at constant 2011 prices) and work accident rates across Spanish provinces https://scispace.com/papers/territorial-servitization-exploring-the-virtuous-circle-rdwshyba5r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-framework-390rbef3.png Figure 1. Conceptual framework https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fixed-effects-regression-results-mediation-effects-xgt26t09.png Table 2. Fixed effects regression results: Mediation effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-the-selected-variables-23ga6jc1.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics for the selected variables https://scispace.com/papers/terror-management-and-meaning-evidence-that-the-opportunity-8mptb5dk29 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cell-means-for-the-two-way-interaction-of-mortality-1o6nmg4y.png TABLE 1: Cell means for the two-way interaction of mortality salience X depression on https://scispace.com/papers/tertiary-sector-employment-in-latin-america-between-3vdqours2e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-k1actycs.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-36ln1khx.png FIGURE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-38p36ow0.png FIGURE 2 https://scispace.com/papers/test-case-generation-by-ocl-mutation-and-constraint-solving-5f4ehemqud 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-two-further-mutations-3297odrx.png Figure 4. Two further mutations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dnf-based-test-cases-3c7opq1l.png Figure 3. DNF-based test cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-mutated-specifications-for-the-triangle-example-26bko11y.png Figure 2. Two mutated specifications for the triangle example. https://scispace.com/papers/tess-delivers-five-new-hot-giant-planets-orbiting-bright-3jc6v2ugsz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-continued-2dhapt8v.png Table 4 (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-raw-tess-qlp-30-minute-light-curves-for-top-left-3iqt77dq.png Figure 1. Raw TESS QLP 30 minute light curves for (top left) TOI-628, TOI-640 (top right), TOI-1333 (middle left), TOI-1478 (middle right), and TOI-1601 (bottom). Transits highlighted in gray were excluded from the global fit since they were flagged as bad quality by the QLP pipeline (Huang et al. 2020b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-literature-and-measured-properties-1pwdeiec.png Table 1 Literature and Measured Properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-palomar-pharo-left-h-band-and-middle-brg-band-4s-gr62spzj.png Figure 4. Palomar PHARO (left) H-band and (middle) Brγ-band 4σ contrast curve for TOI-1333 with the AO image embedded in the plot. The (right) Gemini NIRI Brγ-band AO 5σ contrast curve for TOI-1333. The NIRI AO image is embedded in the plot. The second star in the image is TIC 2010985858, and we properly account for its blending in our fit (see Section 3). The colored swath represents the uncertainty on the 5σ contrast curve (see Section 2.6.2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-continued-2q0ndd4n.png Table 5 (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-left-mstar-and-right-age-probability-og5uplyt.png Figure 6. The (left) Mstar and (right) age probability distribution function for TOI-1601 from our global fit. We split this panel at the valley of M* = 1.415 Me and extract two separate solutions, one for each of the peaks in the posteriors (see Table 4). The red line shows the median value for each parameter from the higher-mass solution with a probability of 68.4% (see Section 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rv-observations-of-toi-628-top-left-toi-640-top-ycdhzwih.png Figure 3. RV observations of TOI-628 (top left), TOI-640 (top middle), TOI-1333 (top right), TOI-1478 (bottom left), and TOI-1601 (bottom right). In each case, the top figure shows the RVs vs. time, and the bottom panel is phased to the best-fit ephemeris from our global fit. The EXOFASTv2 model is shown in red, and the residuals to the best fit are shown below each plot. We see no periodicity in the residuals from our fit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-left-eccentricity-and-log-of-the-orbital-period-of-3bt1yudx.png Figure 7. Left: eccentricity and log of the orbital period of all known giant planets with a mass greater than 0.4 MJ with period between 0.8 and 16 days. The TESSdiscovered systems are colored by the host star’s effective temperature. The systems with a measured eccentricity from the NASA Exoplanet Archive (NEA) are shown as black circles with errors. Systems where the eccentricity was assumed to be zero are shown with gray crosses. Right: radius and log of the orbital period of all known transiting giant planets. The systems known prior to TESS are in black, while the systems discovered by TESS, including those presented in this paper and Ikwut-Ukwa et al. (2021), are shown as circles colored by their planet’s mass. https://scispace.com/papers/test-bedding-the-replacement-of-the-incurred-credit-loss-ty9t7rc1xx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-adequacy-8c8ah5tj.png Figure 7. Adequacy https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-minimum-and-maximum-fixer-ending-balances-by-1vx747jc.png Table 3.4. Minimum and Maximum Fixer Ending Balances by Credit Loss Rule and Period in Cycle for the Profit Maximizing Baseline https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-6-mean-fiscal-year-profit-and-distribution-of-profit-2slfplt7.png Table 4.6. Mean fiscal year profit and distribution of profit over good years and bad years during the productivity cycle for ECL II https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-23ciz8st.png Table 2. Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-per-period-profits-icl-1z8yskp7.png Figure 10. Per Period Profits: ICL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-quantity-of-earnings-mangement-3tvicbdm.png Figure 8. Quantity of Earnings Mangement https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-mean-fiscal-year-profit-and-distribution-of-profit-2mt2t40o.png Table 11. Mean fiscal year profit and distribution of profit over good years and bad years during the productivity cycle for ECL II https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-8-t-statistics-and-p-values-for-analysis-of-profit-1coo9n4e.png Table 4.8. T-statistics and p-values for analysis of profit and dispersion of profit during good years and bad years. https://scispace.com/papers/test-cases-selection-based-on-source-code-features-1pm3vh4azz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-weights-of-tested-classes-using-flat3-using-default-3pxmg0d3.png Table 1. Weights of Tested Classes using FLAT3 using Default Tool Settings https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-weights-of-tested-classes-excluding-stop-words-and-1um9hemj.png Table 2. Weights of Tested Classes Excluding Stop Words and Including the Splitting Identifiers https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-class-weights-with-modifying-stop-words-list-and-1qzxfuqd.png Table 4. Class Weights with Modifying Stop Words List and Excluding the Splitting Identifiers https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-class-weights-with-updating-stop-words-and-including-2bqykx4j.png Table 3. Class Weights with Updating Stop Words and including the Splitting Identifiers https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-excluding-stop-words-and-including-the-splitting-22u40jzq.png Table 6. Excluding Stop Words and Including the Splitting Identifiers https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-updated-stop-words-and-including-the-splitting-qm17ar3h.png Table 7. Updated Stop Words and Including the Splitting Identifiers https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-test-cases-weight-s1xklvoz.png Table 5. Test Cases’ Weight https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-updated-stop-words-and-excluding-the-splitting-1a1udamu.png Table 8. Updated Stop Words and Excluding the Splitting Identifiers https://scispace.com/papers/test-driven-learning-in-early-programming-courses-14kay8fapg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cs1-programmer-opinions-23r7jcdd.png Figure 1: CS1 Programmer Opinions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cs2-programmer-opinions-3n890xmn.png Figure 2: CS2 Programmer Opinions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cs2-test-metrics-2jeh5vuu.png Table 4: CS2 Test Metrics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cs1-test-metrics-1m7jvvp2.png Table 1: CS1 Test Metrics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cs1-project-evaluations-2l4apudq.png Table 2: CS1 Project Evaluations https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cs1-programmer-opinions-on-project-5-8g3mpthk.png Table 3: CS1 Programmer Opinions on Project 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cs2-project-evaluations-lm55yzuj.png Table 5: CS2 Project Evaluations https://scispace.com/papers/test-cost-modeling-and-optimal-test-flow-selection-of-3-d-4xm26iwi8b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-die-yield-threshold-for-selection-of-a-pre-bond-22p75ky6.png TABLE VII Die-yield threshold for selection of a pre-bond test for varying number of available tests. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-effect-of-varying-die-yield-of-all-dies-1gdfvd9k.png Fig. 11. Effect of varying die yield of all dies simultaneously on test-flow selection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-effect-of-varying-die-yield-of-all-dies-srvklcxx.png Fig. 10. Effect of varying die yield of all dies simultaneously on cost per good package, total number of good packages, and overall cost. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparing-test-selection-at-two-test-insertions-of-d2-3syhf7uq.png Fig. 9. Comparing test selection at two test insertions of D2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-input-parameters-for-an-example-of-4-die-stack-12ivxip0.png TABLE V Input parameters for an example of 4-die stack. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-selection-of-test-insertion-and-tests-ford1-on-2w0op68b.png TABLE IX Selection of test insertion and tests forD1 on varying test cost. https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-selection-of-test-insertion-and-tests-ford2-on-38rr3uuj.png TABLE VIII Selection of test insertion and tests forD2 on varying die yield. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-the-best-eight-and-the-worst-eight-test-flows-for-2uij2z92.png TABLE VI The best eight and the worst eight test flows for the example of the 4-die stack. https://scispace.com/papers/test-beam-performance-of-the-alice-silicon-pixel-detector-50w15v2bf6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-intrinsic-precision-200-um-sensor-as-a-function-of-1gp5kq5l.png Fig. 3. The intrinsic precision (200 µm sensor) as a function of threshold for tracks normal incidence angle (upper figure) and as a function of angle for two different thresholds (lower figure) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-reconstruction-efficiency-as-a-function-of-3by0pots.png Fig. 2. The reconstruction efficiency as a function of threshold for 200 µm thick sensors. The threshold shown is the setting of a 8-bit DAC such that a lower DAC setting corresponds a to higher threshold. A setting of 214 is equivalent to approximately 2000 e−. The normal working point is around DAC = 200. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-spd-barrel-and-a-half-stave-1eq7q7b9.png Fig. 1. The SPD barrel and a half stave. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-distribution-of-different-cluster-types-for-mdpmpap8.png Fig. 4. The distribution of different cluster types for simulation (histogram) and from data from the 2002 beam test (stars). The definition of the four most common cluster types is also given. For the definition of the remaining cluster types, see [3]. https://scispace.com/papers/test-of-cp-invariance-in-e-e-z0-t-t-and-a-limit-on-the-weak-zrinfuyi3z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sensitivity-of-pair-decay-modes-to-denotes-electron-2zko3faq.png Table 1: Sensitivity of pair decay modes to ~ . denotes electron or muon. a denotes the one prong a decays. B B is the product branching ratio into the speci ed channel [14]. is the sensitivity to ~ as explained in the text. The modes labeled `other' are assumed to have = 0. https://scispace.com/papers/test-plan-for-the-demonstration-of-geophysical-techniques-3u14plqu3r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-5-oblique-aerial-view-of-the-mock-tank-site-showing-399w6glm.png Figure 2.5. Oblique Aerial View of the Mock Tank Site Showing the 1995 ERT Array and Related Infrastructure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-1-location-of-the-mock-tank-site-m3ytgzui.png Figure C.1. Location of the Mock Tank Site https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-location-and-configuration-of-the-mock-tank-site-mcwd1g9j.png Figure 2.2. Location and Configuration of the Mock Tank Site, Showing Existing Boreholes and Infrastructure https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-role-and-responsibilities-pacific-northwest-19evnxi2.png Table A.2. Role and Responsibilities (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-participating-collaborators-in-fy-2001-3le2cr4r.png Table A.1. Participating Collaborators in FY 2001 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-d-1-approximate-layout-of-well-and-borehole-mxv7fh7o.png Figure D.1. Approximate Layout of Well and Borehole Configurations and Ancillary Equipment Planned for the Mock Tank Site for FY 2001. Also shown are existing infrastructure and boreholes, and GPR-determined subsurface piping. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-1-projected-schedule-for-fy-2001-mock-tank-leak-3hrggz2s.png Table 8.1. Projected Schedule for FY 2001 Mock Tank Leak-Detection Demonstration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-representative-stratigraphy-of-the-mock-tank-site-37n8xqri.png Figure 2.3. Representative Stratigraphy of the Mock Tank Site Based on Lithologic Logs of Wells B2469 and B2470 (see Figure 2.2 for location) https://scispace.com/papers/test-retest-reliability-and-minimal-detectable-change-of-11k1qcnama 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-test-retest-reliability-with-mean-sd-icc-95-ci-sem-16cqp4wr.png Table 2 Test-retest reliability with mean (SD), ICC (95%CI), SEM and MDC for group A (unimpaired) kinematic and spatiotemporal parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-characteristics-q7pdwtvc.png Table 1 Participant characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-test-retest-reliability-with-mean-sd-icc-95-ci-sem-2bnhzrbv.png Table 3 Test-retest reliability with mean (SD), ICC (95% CI), SEM and MDC for group B (mildmoderate walking impairment) kinematic and spatiotemporal parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/test-results-from-gamma-irradiation-of-aluminum-2ufnwvxos9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hydrogen-production-with-gamma-dose-3qdh7q22.png Figure 5. Hydrogen Production with Gamma Dose https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-aluminum-clad-fuel-assembly-post-discharge-and-in-1uk4kso9.png Figure 1 Aluminum-Clad Fuel Assembly Post-Discharge and in Basin Storage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-boehmite-before-and-after-irradiation-high-1o5jsq8h.png Figure 7. Boehmite Before and After Irradiation (High Magnification) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-gibbsite-before-and-after-irradiation-high-3gsoq4g2.png Figure 6. Gibbsite Before and After Irradiation (High Magnification) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-typical-22-ml-parr-vessel-used-for-the-initial-set-oawq0uwa.png Figure 2 Typical 22 mL Parr Vessel Used for the Initial Set of Irradiation Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hydrogen-production-from-irradiated-aluminum-2lejct8a.png Table 1. Hydrogen Production from Irradiated Aluminum Oxyhydroxides https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-glovebag-for-conditioning-samples-and-cover-gas-for-yw0nma3h.png Figure 4 Glovebag for Conditioning Samples and Cover Gas for Vessel Loading. Glovebag contains sample vessels, oxyhydroxides, balance, and hygrometer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-improved-sample-vessel-of-swagelok-vcr-fittings-240chbnx.png Figure 3 Improved Sample Vessel of Swagelok VCR fittings https://scispace.com/papers/test-plan-sludge-treatment-project-corrosion-process-266env791s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-kc-2-3-m250-sludge-in-1999-3vw1qyxo.png Table B.1. KC-2/3 M250 Sludge in 1999 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-3-compositional-diagram-of-cold-test-mixtures-1h8ewuvj.png Figure 7.3. Compositional Diagram of Cold Test Mixtures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-target-vessel-temperature-profile-for-processing-1zu9lbjz.png Figure 6.1. Target Vessel Temperature Profile for Processing Container Sludge https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-continued-test-materials-and-conditions-2s53hxmv.png Table 3.3. (continued) Test Materials and Conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-stirred-test-vessel-diagrams-based-on-parr-model-24t4t6i6.png Figure 4.2. Stirred Test Vessel Diagrams Based on Parr Model 4523 with O-Ring Gasket. Upper left: Perspective https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-7-activity-activity-diagram-for-the-system-co2-cao-1cbhr09u.png Figure 3.7. Activity-Activity Diagram for the System CO2-CaO-UO3-H2O (after Finch and Murakami 1999) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-8-activity-activity-diagram-for-the-system-sio2-cao-3l2cd2od.png Figure 3.8. Activity-Activity Diagram for the System SiO2-CaO-UO3-H2O https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-2-projected-flocculent-concentrations-in-settled-2yf84bue.png Table 6.2. Projected Flocculent Concentrations in Settled Sludge (Moore and Duncan 2005) https://scispace.com/papers/test-retest-reliability-of-the-abilhand-questionnaire-in-1qy8xsog9e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1nuxen3c.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-number-of-participants-with-chronic-stroke-that-39e80ie3.png Table II. Number of participants with chronic stroke that responded to each item in the ABILHAND Questionnaire at both test occasions and the differences in scores between the two test occasions (n=43). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-mean-logits-for-the-two-test-occasions-of-the-9fu2euw3.png Table III. Mean logits for the two test occasions of the ABILHAND Questionnaire. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-reliability-of-the-abilhand-questionnaire-logits-2y7zzooo.png Table IV. Reliability of the ABILHAND Questionnaire logits. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-characteristics-of-the-participants-with-chronic-32l462im.png Table I. Characteristics of the participants with chronic stroke (n=43). https://scispace.com/papers/test-simultane-de-la-non-stationnarite-et-de-la-non-50z5fl2c4g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-taux-d-interet-reel-echelle-de-droite-et-zones-d-7nopf9jy.png Figure 2: Taux d intérêt réel (échelle de droite) et zones d apparition du régime 2 (en grisé) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-resultats-des-tests-de-racine-unitaire-1prl6pme.png Table 3: Résultats des tests de racine unitaire https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-repartition-des-regimes-pour-l-ecart-de-taux-reel-v3zx5fg9.png Figure 1: Répartition des régimes pour l écart de taux réel américain. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-resultats-du-test-de-linearite-1fo6to09.png Table 2: Résultats du test de linéarité https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tableau-recapitulatif-des-statistiques-de-tests-qwasnfyu.png Table 1: Tableau récapitulatif des statistiques de tests https://scispace.com/papers/test-sequence-generation-with-cayley-graphs-106hcr7ubm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-simple-reactive-specification-5zaudkw9.png Figure 1: A simple reactive specification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-test-sequence-generation-time-with-respect-to-8wnpkmmj.png Figure 4: Test sequence generation time with respect to specification size (in states), for the state coverage metric. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-test-suite-total-length-for-each-problem-instance-141xekmm.png Figure 3: Test suite total length for each problem instance, for the Cayley graph method (x) and the random greedy method (y). The red line represents x = y. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-cayley-graphs-of-some-of-the-triaging-functions-26q3au0w.png Figure 2: The Cayley graphs of some of the triaging functions defined in this paper, using the automaton of Figure 1 for M. Colored nodes represent a possible set of important vertices, and colored edges represent a possible Steiner tree for these vertices. https://scispace.com/papers/testate-amoebae-protozoa-testacealobosea-and-testaceafilosea-790zp51num 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-structure-of-ecological-groups-of-rhizopods-in-2kb8djtj.png Fig. 4. (A) Structure of ecological groups of rhizopods in Pleistocene and Holocene habitats: H—hygro- and hydrophilic species; C— calceophilic species C. plagiostoma (three size groups); E—eurybiotic and soils species; S—sphagnophilic species. (B) Species diversity in the Holocene and Late Pleistocene samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-1z0t4qc3.png Table 2 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-arctic-and-the-tiksi-region-showing-the-t6am093n.png Fig. 1. Map of the Arctic and the Tiksi region showing the location of the studied sites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-generalized-section-of-late-quaternary-sediments-of-2g90ppa0.png Fig. 2. Generalized section of Late Quaternary sediments of the Mamonto investigated sections. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-the-kolmogorov-smirnov-test-for-2ral33tn.png Table 4 Results of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for significance of differences in characters of shell diameter (C. plagiostoma typica, C. plagiostoma f. major, C. plagiostoma f. minor) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-frequency-of-different-size-forms-c-plagiostoma-in-2v2jxbh7.png Fig. 6. Frequency (%) of different size forms C. plagiostoma in Pleistocene and Holocene habitats; —Pleistocene, o—Holocene. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-results-of-detrended-correspondence-analysis-sample-30e2f3ql.png Fig. 7. Results of detrended correspondence analysis (sample scores). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-2ftwz26y.png Table 1 (continued) https://scispace.com/papers/testbed-evaluation-of-virtual-environment-interaction-fbprwxzku3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trial-setup-in-the-selection-manipulation-testbed-1upv5o46.png Figure 2. Trial setup in the selection/manipulation testbed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-obstacles-from-the-travel-testbed-27r5jnar.png Figure 6. Example obstacles from the travel testbed experimental environment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-target-object-from-the-travel-testbed-experimental-3d45y20z.png Figure 7. Target object from the travel testbed experimental environment including flag and required accuracy radius. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-interaction-between-task-type-and-technique-for-1nx64tkj.png Figure 9. Interaction between task type and technique for think time on search tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interaction-between-selection-technique-and-2dmmixfa.png Figure 3. Interaction between selection technique and distance for the selection time measure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-logarithmic-scale-graph-of-interaction-between-kny2g5mw.png Figure 5. Logarithmic scale graph of interaction between degrees of freedom and accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-times-seconds-for-primed-search-task-normalized-3u0yu3y3.png Table 4. Mean Times (Seconds) For Primed Search Task (*Normalized Times: Seconds per 100 Meters) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-times-seconds-for-naive-search-task-1er1hex1.png Table 3. Mean Times (Seconds) for Naı̈ve Search Task https://scispace.com/papers/testing-a-community-network-testbed-control-system-ojrfoizanp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-overview-of-the-testing-pipeline-2ca7u1mp.png Fig. 3. Overview of the testing pipeline https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-testing-architecture-overview-3apyrur0.png Fig. 2. Testing architecture overview https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-relationship-between-the-tests-and-bug-reports-3o75ij61.png TABLE II. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TESTS AND BUG REPORTS PRE AND POST THE INTRODUCTION OF TESTING. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-relationship-between-the-tests-and-bug-reports-36etj5uu.png TABLE I. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TESTS AND BUG REPORTS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-the-relationship-between-the-resolved-bug-rates-ctj8di5t.png TABLE III. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE RESOLVED BUG RATES AND THE OPEN BUG RATE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-the-community-lab-architecture-2h81r490.png Fig. 1. Overview of the Community-Lab architecture https://scispace.com/papers/testicular-structure-and-spermatogenesis-of-amazonian-3ns8oju8z2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nuclear-area-of-the-germ-cells-q6ayh63j.png Table 1 Nuclear area of the germ cells. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-length-of-the-cell-nuclei-during-spermiogenesis-33h47sod.png Table 2 Length of the cell nuclei during spermiogenesis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-length-width-and-area-of-the-sertoli-cell-nuclei-td9e82n7.png Table 3 Length, width and area of the Sertoli cell nuclei associated with different cell types during spermatogenic development. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-length-area-and-height-of-the-duct-epithelial-cell-333qokfp.png Table 4 Length, area and height of the duct epithelial cell nuclei, with and without presence of spermatozoa inside the duct. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-germinal-papilla-gp-epithelium-e-collagen-c-1gq8qn53.png Figure 1 (A) Germinal papilla (GP), epithelium (E), collagen (C), epigonial organ (EO). (B) Germinal papilla projection (GPp). (C) Primary lobule (PL). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-secondary-lobule-sl-germinal-zone-gz-1ig8o404.png Figure 2 (A) Secondary lobule (SL), germinal zone (GZ), spermatogonial zone (SZ), spermatocyte (CZ), spermatid zone (TZ), spermatozoa zone (ZZ). (B) Duct (D), lumen (L), spermatozoa (Z). (C) Degenerative zone (DZ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-germinative-cell-lineage-a-germinative-primordial-2lodc11u.png Figure 3 Germinative cell lineage. (A) Germinative primordial cells ( ), precursor Sertoli precursor cell ( ). (B) Primary spermatogonia (G1), secondary spermatogonia (G2). (C) Spermatogenic cyst whit spermatoblast (Sb). (D) Primary spermatocyte (S1), mitosis1 (M1). (E) Secondary spermatocyte (Sc2), mitosis 2 (M2). (F) Round spermatid (T1). (G) Droplike spermatids (T2). (H) Elongating spermatid I (T3). (I) Elongating spermatid II (T4). (J) Elongating spermatid III (T5). (K) Elongated spermatid (T6). (L) Spiraling spermatid (T7). (M, N) Spermatozoa (Z). (O) Degenerating cyst (DC). ∗, Sertoli cell. https://scispace.com/papers/testing-a-developmental-model-in-the-fossil-record-molar-3i0yx3ecxg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustrations-of-lower-molar-rows-in-occlusal-view-14vcz2fy.png FIGURE 1. Illustrations of lower molar rows in occlusal view (anterior to posterior running left to right) for representatives of several of the major clades of South American ungulates analyzed in this study. Area values were calculated from maximum mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions. A, Miocochilius anamopodus (Notoungulata). B, Astrapothericulus iheringi (Astrapotheria). C, Proadiantus excavatus (Litopterna). D, Pyrotherium romeroi (Pyrotheria). Modified after Cifelli and Soria (1983), Kramarz (2009), and Billet (2010) (B, C, D, respectively). Molar rows illustrated are not to scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-simple-and-multiple-regression-results-of-lower-3am4lmcf.png TABLE 2. Simple and multiple regression results of lower molar areas (length 3 breadth measurements). Pyrotheria, Xenungulata, and Olfieldthomasiidae (Notoungulata) could not be analyzed separately because of low sample sizes. Regressions are as follows: A, m3 versus m1m2; B, m2 versus m1; C, m3 versus m2. Asterisk indicates p , 0.05. Orig. Ord., original ordinate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-14r94fgr.png TABLE 2. Simple and multiple regression results of lower molar areas (length 3 breadth measurements). Pyrotheria, Xenungulata, and Olfieldthomasiidae (Notoungulata) could not be analyzed separately because of low sample sizes. Regressions are as follows: A, m3 versus m1m2; B, m2 versus m1; C, m3 versus m2. Asterisk indicates p , 0.05. Orig. Ord., original ordinate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-results-for-total-molar-area-m1-m2-m3-1ih3y7m5.png TABLE 3. Regression results for total molar area (m1 + m2 + m3) versus m2 area, to compare values based on the predictions of the IC model with those for several of the major clades examined in this study. Xenungulata and Pyrotheria were not analyzed separately because sample sizes were too small. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-hypsodonty-index-hi-for-notoungulate-and-18rtvstq.png TABLE 4. Hypsodonty index (HI) for notoungulate and astrapothere taxa, supplemented by values taken from the literature, denoted by an asterisk. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-molar-ratios-for-m3-m1-a-and-m2-m1-b-in-relation-to-38x8qnlo.png FIGURE 4. Molar ratios for m3/m1 (A) and m2/m1 (B) in relation to Hypsodonty Index (HI) values for selected taxa. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reduced-major-axis-regression-results-for-lower-3kx5xofu.png TABLE 1. Reduced major axis regression results for lower molar ratios (m2/m1 versus m3/m1). Values for meridiungulates are compared to those based upon the IC model derived from measurements of murines (Kavanagh et al. 2007). C.I., confidence interval. Several groups were not analyzed separately because of small sample size (Olfieldthomasiidae (Notoungulata), Xenungulata, Pyrotheria). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-variation-in-m3-m1-open-circle-versus-m2-m1-open-2hujs2qy.png FIGURE 3. Variation in m3/m1 (open circle) versus m2/ m1 (open triangle) ratios for all taxa examined in this study. Ratios are calculated from area measurements, based on maximum mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions, for each lower molar (m1–m3). Phylogenetic relationships based upon Billet (2010). https://scispace.com/papers/testing-a-model-of-uk-growth-a-role-for-r-d-subsidies-1n3jrdflh8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variance-decomposition-for-key-endogenous-variables-2rsls99d.png TABLE 2 Variance decomposition for key endogenous variables based on estimated parameter set 1. NFA is Net Foreign Assets. Q is the real exchange rate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-rejection-rates-all-coec-cients-falsi-ed-together-2oycxuhc.png TABLE 5 Rejection rates, all coe¢ cients falsi ed together https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-r-d-subsidy-variable-various-detrending-methods-1szyp7bh.png FIG. 4 R&D subsidy variable - various detrending methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fixed-structural-parameters-15c1no8y.png TABLE 1 Fixed structural parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-impulse-responses-for-a-1-pc-point-increase-in-r-d-31ur2e5m.png FIG. 3 Impulse Responses for a 1 pc point increase in R&D subsidies; 70 quarters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-column-4-is-rmly-not-rejected-with-a-test-statistic-frtjforo.png Table 3, column 4, is rmly not rejected with a test statistic in the 84th percentile of the Wald distribution. With the quadratic time trend the model is rejected at the 5% signi cance level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-initial-set-of-structural-model-parameters-based-on-2kzt4iag.png TABLE 9 Initial set of structural model parameters, based on Meenagh et al. (2010) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-key-quarterly-uk-data-for-1980-2010-33yx90gk.png FIG. 1 Key quarterly UK data for 1980-2010. https://scispace.com/papers/testing-a-shape-changing-haptic-navigation-device-with-14j2cozutv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-animotus-is-able-to-independently-rotate-and-35gri18y.png Fig 3: The Animotus is able to independently rotate and extend the upper part of its body to provide heading and distance to navigational targets or waypoints https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-paths-from-two-sighted-and-one-vi-bottom-right-users-2gxflqzv.png Fig 5: Paths from two sighted and one VI (bottom right) users during the same performance (P8). Solid lines show when guidance was provided by the Animotus, dashed lines show when users were inside target zones. A map of the environment and landmark markers (A-D) are shown in the top left in addition to start (S) and finish (F) locations (entrances and exit). Note that users enter through different doors (S1-S4). The intended motion sequence for each user is shown in the grey boxes. The mean path efficiencies of the 3 participants are 56.12%, 56.88% and 78.2% respectively. The mean walking velocities were 1.22ms, 1.61ms and 1.21ms, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-animotus-shape-changing-haptic-navigation-device-3nvpd32p.png Fig 1: The ‘Animotus’ shape-changing haptic navigation device (left). Each audience member (right) used an Animotus to navigate the pitchblack Flatland production. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-flatland-environment-layout-top-the-photograph-2nhwfgsk.png Fig 4: The Flatland environment layout (top). The photograph (bottom) was taken from point 'F' the map during construction. Three of the zones and entrance corridors are shown in the picture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-walking-velocity-of-vi-and-sighted-participants-while-1it95j52.png Fig 8: Walking velocity of VI and sighted participants while guided by the Animotus. The average velocity of VI participants is 1.12ms, while sighted persons walked at 1.1ms. Typical walking pace of sighted humans is 1.4ms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-distribution-of-the-proportion-of-time-facing-the-3jeci4b9.png Fig 10: Distribution of the proportion of time facing the target during navigation, within various ranges https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-distribution-of-walking-speed-across-all-paths-2mwg9cuw.png Fig 9: Distribution of walking speed across all paths https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-audience-member-in-a-section-of-the-flatland-4ze0gvog.png Fig 2: An audience member in a section of the Flatland environment, showing two of the four tactile set pieces that acted as navigational targets with associated audio narrative. Audio was delivered through bone-conducting headphones and ambient speakers. https://scispace.com/papers/testing-an-integrated-behavioural-and-biomedical-model-of-3tcoj9c9d4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-characteristics-note-a-mean-overall-ec7fndok.png Table 1. Participant Characteristics. Note. a Mean overall daily pain was measured at the end of each day at the evening entry during the study period, for all participants (this is a separate measure to the morning pain used for analyses for participants B to F), and measured on a 100-point VAS; higher scores indicate worse pain. b Days of data for morning entry/evening entry/accelerometer. Scheduling issues resulted in less accelerometer data than diary data for Participants A and B. c Truncated at 44 days as up to this time complete accelerometer data were available https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-variance-accounted-for-in-accelerometer-a-and-self-189x49wa.png Table 5. Variance accounted for in accelerometer (A) and self-report (SR) measures of activity by impairment and TPB variables, and change in variance accounted for when entering the other into the equation. Pain was measured in the morning, except for A for whom it was measured the previous evening. Note. Order of measures of activity limitation is accelerometer-measured activity/ self-reported activity. A = accelerometer, SR = self-report, * = p<.05, ** = p<.01. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pearson-correlation-coefficients-between-tpb-3qer4o7e.png Table 4: Pearson correlation coefficients between TPB variables and activity limitation. Note. * = p<.05, **=p<.01, † = p<.07. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pearson-correlation-coefficients-between-pain-2la5l7jb.png Table 3: Pearson correlation coefficients between pain impairment (pain the previous day for Participant A, and morning pain for all others), the activity variables and TPB variables. Note. * p<.05, ** p<.01, † = p<.07 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-standard-error-and-presence-of-autocorrelation-3h06lt32.png Table 2. Means, standard error and presence of autocorrelation (subscript indicates lag for significant autocorrelations) for each variable and Cronbach’s alpha for intention and PBC for each participant (Cronbach’s alpha coefficients appear in parentheses). Note. A lag of 1 indicates that there is a significant correlation in the time series between a measure and the same measure one day previously. All variables are measured on 100-point scales, except for the accelerometer measure. a Pain was measured as an overall daily rating for Participant A and in the morning for all other participants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-international-225unnqk.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF; World Health Organization, 2001), with disability versions of the central constructs in italics. From International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (p.18) by World Health Organization, 2001, Geneva, Switzerland. https://scispace.com/papers/testing-and-integrating-self-determination-theory-and-self-18y221reex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-final-models-for-self-determination-theory-a-self-39mi57o5.png Figure 1. Final models for self-determination theory (A), self-efficacy theory (B), and the integration (C). Standardised coefficients are presented in each model. p .05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-standard-deviations-and-correlations-of-self-2wb9soum.png Table 1 Means, Standard Deviations and Correlations of Self-Determination Theory and Self-Efficacy Theory Variables and Physical Activity Included in the Integrated Model https://scispace.com/papers/testing-and-design-procedure-for-corner-connections-of-fko5x230xi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-possible-modes-of-failure-of-bonded-anchor-in-masonry-17v82s6c.png Fig. 3 Possible modes of failure of bonded anchor in masonry substratum undergoing tensile axial force https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-summary-of-calculated-pull-out-loads-and-33onupm7.png Table 10: Summary of calculated pull-out loads and performance points as computed from recorded load-displacement curves of anchor assembly https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-summary-of-mechanical-properties-of-test-material-3ti0dgv0.png Table 7: Summary of mechanical properties of test material resulting from characterisation tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-calculated-pull-out-loads-and-performance-1sdao9ti.png Table 6: Summary of calculated pull-out loads and performance points as computed from recorded loaddisplacement curves of anchor assembly. Performance points are: A, first damage, B, maximum load, maximum displacement, D, ultimate failure and E, further attainment of stiffness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-modes-of-failure-observed-during-tests-bond-failure-1b-3bzbftmi.png Fig. 4 Modes of failure observed during tests: bond failure (1b), followed by further locking and display of other failures such as bond failure in the mortar joints (1b + 3) or crushing of masonry (1b + 4) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-summary-of-the-modes-of-failures-observed-during-1skxmbkz.png Table 8: Summary of the modes of failures observed during cyclic tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-tested-specimens-and-modes-of-failure-as-3k62y84f.png Table 4: Summary of tested specimens and modes of failure as labelled in Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relative-displacements-within-assembly-of-anchor-7wqqdng7.png Fig. 5 Relative displacements within assembly of anchor showing how failure in the bond between grouted sleeve and parent material is the first to occur https://scispace.com/papers/testing-an-integrated-model-of-the-theory-of-planned-56tztx3v38 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3b-structural-model-parameter-estimates-gpbrhx13.png Table 3b: Structural model parameter estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-1a-descriptive-statistics-and-correlations-food-jmxx73q9.png Table 1a: Descriptive statistics and correlations “Food” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-participants-flow-diagram-3fbdsz2k.png Figure 2: Participants flow diagram https://scispace.com/figures/table-1b-descriptive-statistics-and-correlations-exercise-rzkye5iz.png Table 1a: Descriptive statistics and correlations “Food” https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-psychometric-properties-e3f2ooho.png Table 2: Psychometric properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-integrated-health-behaviour-model-1wwnvi1b.png Figure 1: Integrated health behaviour model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3a-model-performance-1gxslnui.png Table 3b: Structural model parameter estimates https://scispace.com/papers/testing-and-mesoscale-modelling-of-hydrogen-assisted-3jfamryv77 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relationship-between-deformation-rate-and-crack-53xvho86.png Figure 2: Relationship between deformation rate and crack opening angle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bundle-of-bars-modelling-the-area-around-the-plane-3pnjikyf.png Figure 1: Bundle of bars modelling the area around the plane of a growing crack; a force acting in the direction of the arrows opens the crack at a constant deformation rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-crack-fronts-observed-in-rising-displacement-34hib8ad.png Figure 3: Crack fronts observed in rising displacement experiments (left) and calculated using the bundle-ofbars model (right). The cracks grow from the bottom to the top, and the upper shape (grey) is obtained at a deformation rate of 1 µm/h, the lower (black) at 1 mm/h. https://scispace.com/papers/testing-for-approximate-measurement-invariance-of-human-l8yfrs0hyq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-10-basic-human-values-four-higher-order-values-1msuj5uy.png Table 1 The 10 basic human values, four higher-order values, and the PVQ-21 items in the ESS (male version) to measure these values with their labels (the number before each question item refers to the placement of that item in the PVQ-21 questionnaire) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-global-fit-indices-for-the-approximate-measurement-1l6si06r.png Table 5 Global fit indices for the approximate measurement invariance tests across a subset of countries for self-transcendence and conservation in each ESS round (with a prior variance of 0.05) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-global-fit-indices-for-the-approximate-measurement-lwrk1h2l.png Table 4 Global fit indices for the approximate measurement invariance tests across 15 countries for each higher-order value and in each ESS round (with a prior variance of 0.05) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-model-fit-indices-of-the-multiple-group-confirmatory-csjq0ycv.png Table 3 Model fit indices of the multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses across 15 countries for each higher-order value and in each ESS round (configural invariance model) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-respondents-included-in-the-analysis-for-3j7oazex.png Table 2 Number of respondents included in the analysis for each round and country https://scispace.com/papers/testing-autonomous-cars-for-feature-interaction-failures-359yyyv6ql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-safety-requirements-and-failure-distance-functions-3qjtw5xi.png Table 1: Safety requirements and failure distance functions for SafeDrive. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-actuator-command-vectors-generated-at-the-feature-1bh7z6s0.png Figure 4: Actuator command vectors generated at the feature-level and at the system-level by simulating SafeDrive. Vectors bf , af and sf indicate command vectors generated by feature f for the braking, acceleration and steering actuators, respectively. The IntC component analyzes the command vectors generated by all the features and issues the final command vectors b, a and s to the braking, acceleration and steering actuators, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-test-inputs-required-to-simulate-safedrive-our-case-8px3p6vr.png Figure 3: Test inputs required to simulate SafeDrive, our case study system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistical-test-results-comparing-the-number-of-2rqhqol7.png Table 2: Statistical test results comparing the number of feature interaction failures found by Hybrid, Fail and Cov over time for SafeDrive1 and SafeDrive2 systems (see Figure 5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-number-of-feature-interaction-failures-found-by-193335qz.png Figure 5: The number of feature interaction failures found by Hybrid, Fail and Cov over time for (a) SafeDrive1 and (b) SafeDrive2 systems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-a-typical-functionmodel-capturing-the-djqavlhx.png Figure 1: Overview of a typical functionmodel capturing the software subsystem (SUT) of a self-driving car. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-early-testing-of-control-system-functionmodels-295jn9ak.png Figure 2: Early testing of control system functionmodels using simulators. https://scispace.com/papers/testing-for-differentially-expressed-genes-by-maximum-2wukj1oef4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-caption-on-facing-page-4qtlstkc.png FIG. 3. (Caption on facing page.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-caption-on-facing-page-1j8kzy0d.png FIG. 2. (Caption on facing page.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-increase-of-standard-deviation-a-and-correlation-b-1maxw5cy.png FIG. 1. Increase of standard deviation [a] and correlation [b] with absolute level of intensity x0 or y0. Data were obtained over 5 separate hybridizations with identically-prepared Cy3- and Cy5-labeled cDNA mixtures to test arrays (described in Results) containing 16 replicate spots per gene over 96 genes, resulting in a total of 80 samples for each of 96 genes. [c] Normal probability plot for the 80 samples of x0 pertaining to a single, representative gene. This plot is linear, indicating that these data are consistent with a normal distribution. The line connects the 25th and 75th percentiles of the data and represents an approximate linear t. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-genes-differentially-expressed-between-galactose-1vi3un92.png Table 1. Genes Differentially Expressed between Galactose Noninducing (YPR) and Inducing (YPRG) Conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-error-model-parameters-for-5-within-l1dvra7p.png Table 2. Comparison of Error Model Parameters for 5 Within-Slide and 16 Between-Slide Data sets (See Results) https://scispace.com/papers/testing-for-external-sustainability-under-a-monetary-39ifkthc0m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nfa-over-gdp-ratio-zqzcj214.png Figure 1: NFA over GDP ratio https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-individual-and-panel-stationarity-tests-with-2skraej1.png Table 1: Individual and panel stationarity tests with multiple structural breaks https://scispace.com/papers/testing-for-inertia-effect-when-a-new-tram-is-implemented-41sm5je04s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-239-1e2nacap.png Table 4. Descriptive Statistics 239 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mode-choices-185-transport-modes-walking-car-bus-3ow7vkaw.png Table 1. Mode Choices 185 Transport Modes Walking Car Bus Tram https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-model-estimation-results-mnl-1-mnl-2-ml-1-ml-2-bk3hhc27.png Table 5. Model estimation results MNL_1 MNL_2 ML_1 ML_2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-modal-shift-from-rp-2007-to-sp-2007-223-sp-2007-walk-fl0st17b.png Table 2. Modal shift from RP 2007 to SP 2007 223 SP 2007 Walk Car Bus Tram Total https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-modal-shift-from-rp-2007-to-rp-2009-229-rp-2009-walk-34nwknx5.png Table 3. Modal shift from RP 2007 to RP 2009 229 RP 2009 Walk Car Bus Tram Total https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-direct-and-cross-elasticities-rp-2009-1vop3oyr.png Table 6. Direct and Cross-elasticities (RP 2009) https://scispace.com/papers/testing-atmospheric-mixing-sum-rules-at-precision-neutrino-jizb4moyh9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-current-experimental-status-of-the-2mamxxn6.png FIG. 2 (color online). The current experimental status of the sum rules in Eq. (3) given by λ ¼ 1 and λ ¼ −0.5, with a0 ¼ 0. The diagonal lines show the regions predicted for a and cos δ given the 3σ bounds on r, assuming both (a) normal ordering and (b) inverted ordering. The vertical line shows the current best fit for a where the projected sensitivity is indicated by the red bands; the dark (light) grey regions show the current 1σ (2σ) allowed intervals [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-the-left-right-column-shows-the-ability-2jbukofr.png FIG. 5 (color online). The left (right) column shows the ability to exclude models with λ ¼ 1 (λ ¼ −0.5) as a function of the true parameters. The plots show the 2 and 3σ allowed regions for the WBB (top row) and the LENF (bottom row). A point lying outside of the contours indicates that the model can be excluded by that given experiment for those true parameter values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-the-joint-determination-of-a-and-cos-d-2aai10k9.png FIG. 4 (color online). The joint determination of a and cos δ for seven sets of true values which obey the relation a ¼ r cos δ, assuming the LENF with MIND and including τ contamination effects. The dashed line shows the sum rule, and the concentric solid lines indicate the boundary of the 1, 3 and 5σ allowed intervals for the true values of a and cos δ at their center. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-the-fraction-of-values-of-cos-dt-for-x52rg17k.png FIG. 6 (color online). The fraction of values of cos δT for which the hypothesized value of λF can be excluded at 3σ assuming different true values of λT. In these plots Δλ ¼ λT − λF. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-sensitivity-of-the-next-generation-3o43fex7.png FIG. 3 (color online). The sensitivity of the next-generation facilities to the a, r and cos δ parameters. In all of the plots, the shaded regions progressively show the 1, 3 and 5σ regions for the WBB 70 kton (top row) or the LENF with 50 kton magnetized LAr (bottom row), while the solid lines are the equivalent envelopes for the WBB 35 kton (top row) or the LENF with MIND (bottom row). The leftmost plot shows the sensitivity to a, while the central (rightmost) plot shows the sensitivity to r (cos δ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-comparison-between-the-exact-4dk094rl.png FIG. 1 (color online). A comparison between the exact correlation and the sum rule for the model presented in Ref. [17], which fixes the elements of the first column of the PMNS matrix to their tribimaximal values. The solid (empty) region denotes the exact (linearized) prediction for cos δ which is produced by varying r over its current 3σ allowed interval. https://scispace.com/papers/testing-for-structural-changes-in-the-wagner-s-law-for-a-3odefxb5gq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-carrion-i-silvestre-and-sanso-structural-break-tests-10747d2s.png Table 6. Carrion-i-Silvestre and Sanso Structural Break Tests 1960-2017 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-bai-and-perron-structural-break-tests-1960-2017-39y4zx0o.png Table 7. Bai and Perron Structural Break Tests 1960-2017 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cointegrating-equations-in-baseline-model-1960-2017-2b4sze8d.png Table 3. Cointegrating Equations in Baseline Model 1960-2017 Baseline Model: 0ln lnt t tGY PcY = + + https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-possible-explanations-of-the-break-dates-2pcgfndf.png Table 8. Possible Explanations of the Break Dates https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cointegrating-equations-in-extended-model-china-and-2vu9w1mj.png Table 4. Cointegrating Equations in Extended Model, China and Hong Kong Extended Model: 0 1ln ln t t t tGY PcY Dep Ratio = + + + https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cointegration-tests-with-structural-breaks-1960-2017-qpdxj0xa.png Table 2. Cointegration Tests with Structural Breaks 1960-2017 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cointegrating-equations-in-extended-model-japan-and-172vyiyw.png Table 5. Cointegrating Equations in Extended Model, Japan and South Korea Extended Model: 0 1ln ln t t t tGY PcY Dep Ratio = + + + https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-adf-and-pp-unit-root-tests-1960-2017-3u9gxsxo.png Table 1. Results of ADF and PP Unit Root Tests 1960-2017 https://scispace.com/papers/testing-for-the-presence-of-measurement-error-2dp2snizqb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-model-ii-rejection-probabilities-for-n-200-left-2il9srsw.png Figure 6: (Model II): rejection probabilities for n = 200 (left column) and n = 500 (right column) as well as σ2ME = 1, 0.5, 0.2 (top to bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-panel-a-is-showing-a-nonparametric-estimate-of-the-35728am7.png Figure 3: Panel (a) is showing a nonparametric estimate of the conditional density of X|Z = q for q being the τ -quantile of Z and different values of τ . X and Z are administrative earnings in 1977 and 1976, respectively. Panel (b) shows a nonparametric estimate of E[Y |X,Z], where Y is survey earnings in 1977, X is administrative earnings in 1977, and Z is administrative earnings in 1976. All bandwidths are chosen by cross-validation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sensitivity-analysis-for-the-restricted-sample-in-3gnb6fao.png Figure 4: Sensitivity analysis for the restricted sample (*) in Table 2. Panel (a) is showing a nonparametric estimate of the conditional density of X|Z = q for q being the τ -quantile of Z and different values of τ . X and Z are administrative earnings in 1977 and 1974, respectively. Panel (b) shows a nonparametric estimate of E[Y |X,Z], where Y is survey earnings in 1977, X is administrative earnings in 1977, and Z is administrative earnings in 1974. All bandwidths are chosen by cross-validation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-model-i-rejection-probabilities-for-n-200-left-2onur5pl.png Figure 5: (Model I): rejection probabilities for n = 200 (left column) and n = 500 (right column) as well as σ2ME = 1, 0.5, 0.2 (top to bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-null-rejection-probabilities-32c15hem.png Table 3: Null rejection probabilities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nonparametric-density-estimates-using-cross-3f139lxo.png Figure 2: Nonparametric density estimates, using cross-validated bandwidths. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-statistics-before-and-after-sample-selection-3stbqxe3.png Table 4: Summary statistics before and after sample selection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-model-iv-rejection-probabilities-for-n-200-left-3irro550.png Figure 8: (Model IV): rejection probabilities for n = 200 (left column) and n = 500 (right column) as well as σ2ME = 1, 0.5, 0.2 (top to bottom). https://scispace.com/papers/testing-for-threshold-effects-in-regression-models-406ywzv24i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-power-functions-of-the-probit-threshold-model-with-21uhpji2.png Figure 4. Power Functions of the Probit Threshold Model with Maximum Score Estimation https://scispace.com/figures/figures-2-3-summarize-the-result-of-the-simulation-study-1tqpl0gn.png Figures 2–3 summarize the result of the simulation study. Overall, the test performs well as expected from the theory. First, under the null hypothesis (α = 0), the rejection rates of the test are close to the nominal level in most cases. Second, Figures 2–3 show the power of the test when α increases from 0 to 1. The result indicates that, in all cases, the power increases fast as the parameter value of α is farther away from zero. The test shows good performance even with a relatively small sample size, say n = 100. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-median-regression-model-with-the-4th-order-1b57lpx4.png Table 2. Median regression model with the 4th-order polynomial https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-power-functions-of-threshold-models-2ohx9vmb.png Figure 1. Power Functions of Threshold Models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-power-functions-of-threshold-models-with-maximum-6hxjlqio.png Figure 6. Power Functions of Threshold Models with Maximum Rank Correlation Estimation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-test-for-tipping-in-segregation-probit-model-334fyjrv.png Table 1. Test for Tipping in Segregation: Probit Model https://scispace.com/papers/testing-for-time-localized-coherence-in-bivariate-data-2625pqoee3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-the-windowed-wavelet-coherence-of-icp-and-2kv4hv0o.png FIG. 5. (Color online) The windowed wavelet coherence of ICP and ABP with an adaptive window length to remove self-correlation biases introduced by the transform itself. (a) A typical section (50– 100 s) of the raw signals (ABP, gray; ICP, black). (b) Their Fourier transforms. (c) Magnitude of the windowed wavelet coherence (cf. Fig. 4(a)). (d) The actual mean (full, green) of the windowed wavelet coherence, compared to the expected null mean (full, black) and a threshold (dashed, black) set at twice the null standard deviation in the mean, above the mean (cf. Fig. 4(d)). (e) The windowed wavelet coherence minus the expected null mean, divided by the expected null standard deviation for each window (compare with Fig. 4(e)). Some low frequency features are more than 6 standard deviations above the expected null mean. (f) The magnitude of the phase difference between ABP and ICP oscillations in each window. Note the logarithmic ordinate scale in (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-analysis-of-numerically-generated-noisy-1kjf716d.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Analysis of numerically generated noisy signals (dimensionless units). (a) The raw signals derived from Eqs. (3) (black) and (4) (gray); and (b) the magnitude of their discrete FTs. (c) Wavelet transform amplitude |W (σ,t)| of the signal from (3). (d) Wavelet transform amplitude of the signal from (4). (e) Magnitude of the cross spectrum without windowing or averaging. (f) Wavelet phase coherence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-analysis-of-numerically-generated-noisy-signals-2cdu1tki.png FIG. 2. Analysis of numerically generated noisy signals (dimensionless units) where one of them is an AAFT surrogate. (a) The raw signals, where the black curve is derived from Eq. (3) and the gray curve is an AAFT surrogate of the signal in Eq. (4). (b) The FTs of the signals in (a). (c) Their cross spectrum. (d) The wavelet phase coherence of the two signals in (a) (dashed black curve), that is, of a numerically generated signal with its surrogate, is compared with the wavelet phase coherence of the two original signals (solid black curve) from Fig. 1(f). The gray curves indicate the distribution of thousand such surrogates: The solid gray curve is the mean, and the dashed and dotted gray curves represent, respectively, 1 and 2 standard deviations about the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-the-windowed-wavelet-coherence-with-an-3ud3xdak.png FIG. 4. (Color online) The windowed wavelet coherence with an adaptive window length to remove selfcorrelation biases introduced by the transform itself. The 0.6 Hz components of the artificial timeseries (dimensionless units) are identical. (a) The magnitude of the windowed wavelet coherence, i.e. the magnitude of the product of one wavelet transform and the complex conjugate of the corresponding terms from the other wavelet transform, averaged inside a time window at a given frequency. (b) The actual mean (full, green) of the windowed wavelet coherence, compared to the calculated expectation null mean (full, black), the AAFT null mean (dashed, gray), and the independent data null mean (dashed, black). (c) The actual standard deviation (st.d) (full, green) of the windowed wavelet coherence, compared to the calculated expectation null st.d. (full, black), the AAFT null st.d. (dashed, gray), and the independent data null st.d. (dashed, black). (d) The actual mean (full, green) of the windowed wavelet coherence, compared to a threshold set two standard deviations in the mean above the calculated expectation null mean (full, black), the AAFT null mean (dashed, gray), and the independent data null mean (dashed black). (e) The windowed wavelet coherence minus the calculated expectation null mean, divided by the expected null standard deviation in each window. Note the logarithmic ordinate scales in (b)–(d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cumulative-sum-of-phase-difference-phasors-for-three-338bs2qo.png FIG. 3. Cumulative sum of phase difference phasors for three different types of bivariate data: random phase values (independent samples from a uniform distribution) in solid black, random phase differences (drawn from independent 0.3-Hz wavelet phase components) of Eq. (3) and Eq. (4) in gray, coherent phase difference values [drawn from matching 0.6-Hz wavelet phase components of Eqs. (3) and (4)] in dashed black. https://scispace.com/papers/testing-gassmann-fluid-substitution-in-carbonates-sonic-log-3abwldwc9q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-p-wave-elastic-moduli-of-dry-rock-red-saturated-3slvt7bt.png Figure 4: P-wave elastic moduli of dry rock (red), saturated using Gassmann (blue) and derived from well logs (in black) . The dashed lines are the main trends showing the moduli dependence with the porosity. Notice the close approximation of the elastic moduli saturated by Gassmann and the elastic moduli derived from well log https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-histogram-showing-that-the-differences-between-dry-3hudkoq0.png Figure 5: Histogram showing that the differences between dry and log derived P-wave elastic moduli are much higher (15GPa) than after Gassmann substitution (red). This histogram is restricted to samples with porosity higher than 1% and they fully saturated with brine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-correlation-between-p-wave-elastic-modulus-derived-6ng9dmzt.png Figure 3: Correlation between P-wave elastic modulus derived from the sonic well log and the dry (red stars) and saturated using Gassmann with Kgrain of 55GPa (blue crosses), 60GPa (black stars) and 65GPa (magenta circles). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-correlation-between-porosities-derived-from-the-2i4x7iyx.png Figure 1: Correlation between porosities derived from the density well log and the porosities measured in the laboratory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2a-porosity-measured-in-50-carbonate-samples-red-2cie48gf.png Figure 2a: Porosity measured in 50 carbonate samples (red)showing good agreement with the porosity derived from density log (black). (2b) P-wave elastic moduli from lab measurements in red (dry) and from well log (black) and in blue the results of fluid substitution using Gassmann. The blue bars represent grain bulk modulus bounds with limits https://scispace.com/papers/testing-genuine-savings-as-a-forward-looking-indicator-of-lfhw44svxz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimates-of-b0-and-b1-for-three-investment-series-v032z1n3.png Table 4: Estimates of β0 and β1 for three Investment series and future consumption (2.5% per annum discount rate) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-present-value-of-future-changes-in-real-wages-2-5-2drpugqa.png Figure 5: Present value of future changes in real wages 2.5% per annum discount rate (£, 2000 prices) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-estimates-of-b0-and-b1-for-seven-investment-series-umn8qjnk.png Table 8: Estimates of β0 and β1 for seven Investment series and future real wages (2.5% per annum discount rate) and 1765-1909 sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimates-of-b0-and-b1-for-three-investment-series-2tvxi5ve.png Table 3: Estimates of β0 and β1 for three Investment series and future real wages (3.5% per annum discount rate) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-estimates-of-b0-and-b1-for-seven-investment-series-3t36amm5.png Table 7: Estimates of β0 and β1 for seven Investment series and future consumption (2.5% per annum discount rate) and 1870-1909 sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimates-of-b0-and-b1-for-technology-augmented-2eaxfg18.png Table 6: Estimates of β0 and β1 for technology-augmented Investment series and future real wages (2.5% per annum discount rate) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-five-alternative-investment-series-as-of-gdp-27zaab5j.png Figure 2: Five alternative investment series as % of GDP https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-net-produced-investment-as-gdp-1760-2000-1aoxgolk.png Table 1 : Net Produced Investment as % GDP 1760-2000 https://scispace.com/papers/testing-in-the-distributed-test-architecture-an-extended-6wy4g5t2n7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-controllability-problem-with-a-nondeterministic-7rexbils.png Figure 3. A controllability problem with a nondeterministic model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-observability-problem-6c1j62kp.png Figure 2. An observability problem https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-controllability-problem-iv0ob1k6.png Figure 1. A controllability problem https://scispace.com/papers/testing-k-wise-and-almost-k-wise-independence-1cwhosritp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-algorithm-for-finding-a-hidden-clique-using-a-1ccelwug.png Figure 2: Algorithm for finding a hidden clique using a distinguisher M(Gv) that decides whether Gv is from Gnv,1/2 or from Gnv,1/2,t/3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-testing-results-xf4dvpr7.png Table 1: Summary of Testing Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-algorithm-for-testing-if-a-distribution-is-k-wise-34ijpjwe.png Figure 1: Algorithm for testing if a distribution is k-wise independent. https://scispace.com/papers/testing-mechanical-chest-compression-devices-for-pre-obi8147art 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-devices-and-their-maximum-displacements-craniocaudal-2e4fpzn8.png Table 1 Devices and their maximum displacements (craniocaudal; lateral) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-subjective-satisfaction-and-physical-burden-borg-ip86n1v3.png Table 4 Subjective satisfaction and physical burden (BORG scale) when using the various mCPR devices; p-values from the KruskalWallis tests for each category https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-p-values-from-post-hoc-pairwaise-comparsion-between-1xmrp5ip.png Table 5 P-Values from post-hoc pairwaise comparsion between different devices using Bonferroni correction for multiple testing https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-the-30-2-compression-ventilation-ratio-z4dz7axr.png Table 3 Comparison of the 30:2 compression-ventilation ratio after each route stage (by device) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proportion-of-compression-with-pressure-depth-meeting-33bvi3uz.png Fig. 1 Proportion of compression with pressure depth meeting guidelines (%), by device and route. (*) Faulty data recording on the first run (− unintended termination after 20 s; limited information https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-corrections-after-each-route-stage-by-zw3ohrjc.png Table 2 Comparison of corrections after each route stage (by device) https://scispace.com/papers/testing-macroevolutionary-hypotheses-with-cladistic-analysis-2klw82sh2c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-distribution-of-autapomorphies-for-selected-2hv8w36n.png FIG. 6 . The distribution of autapomorphies for selected simulations are shown. Each distribution is based on 100 simulations. The light lines delimit two standard deviations, and the blackened areas include two standard errors. Major assumptions for this series of simulations are: A) gradual evolution, six species, distinct species definition, and equilibrium clades; B) gradual evolution, six species, distinct species definition not used, and equilibrium clades; C ) gradual evolution, 12 species, distinct species definition, and boom clades. Distributions are shown for 20, 40, and 80 characters used for each set of assumptions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-correlation-between-total-apomorphies-and-branch-rqbw1ks4.png TABLE 1. The correlation between total apomorphies and branch nodes and the correlation between adjacent branch lengths are shown for the real data sets. N = the number of species in each analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-distributions-of-autapomorphies-for-selected-b6bp089q.png FIG. 5 . The distributions of autapomorphies for selected simulations are shown. Each distribution is based on 100 simulations. The light lines delimit two standard deviations, and the blackened areas include two standard errors. Major assumptions for this series of simulations are: A) rectangular evolution, six species, distinct species definition not used, and equilibrium clades; B) rectangular evolution, 12 species, distinct species definition not used, and equilibrium clades. Distributions are shown for 20, 40, and 80 characters used for each set of assumptions. https://scispace.com/papers/testing-macro-models-by-indirect-inference-a-survey-for-1lhzudtydu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-comparing-power-due-to-var-order-3-equation-nk-m5w6alo0.png Table 11: Comparing power due to VAR order (3-equation NK model with indexing lag) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scatter-plots-of-indirect-inference-wald-v-direct-2f47kleg.png Figure 1: Scatter Plots of Indirect Inference (Wald) v. Direct Inference (LR) for 1000 samples of True Model (3 Variable VAR(1)) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-comparing-power-due-to-var-order-3-equation-nk-3viqtp93.png Table 10: Comparing power due to VAR order (3-equation NK model with no lags) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-power-of-the-test-to-reject-a-false-model-39gztmyn.png Table 4: Power of the test to reject a false model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-small-sample-estimation-bias-comparison-ii-v-lr-2uqjce8b.png Table 3: Small Sample Estimation Bias Comparison (II v. LR) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-comparing-power-due-to-wrong-parameter-values-1ri23qlp.png Table 8: Comparing power due to wrong parameter values https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-policy-analysis-when-model-have-varying-falseness-qd4vm9oe.png Table 13: Policy analysis when model have varying falseness https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rejection-rates-at-95-level-for-varying-vars-1dxyj5qy.png Table 2: Rejection Rates at 95% level for varying VARs https://scispace.com/papers/testing-of-compact-bolted-fasteners-with-insulation-and-83l5jbeth0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-modular-coil-flange-stud-kit-design-2gzquiyv.png Figure 1. Modular Coil Flange Stud Kit Design https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-friction-test-results-3o3xdspi.png TABLE I. FRICTION TEST RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-contact-pressure-paper-showing-color-change-2mth40i5.png Figure 8. Contact Pressure Paper showing color change https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-friction-test-apparatus-3o7col8p.png Figure 7. Friction Test Apparatus https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-friction-test-setup-1cqty9kl.png Figure 4. Friction Test Setup https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-strand-orientation-convention-cdn0fj9j.png Figure 5. Strand Orientation Convention https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-alumina-friction-test-data-3oggffsj.png Figure 6. Alumina Friction Test Data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tension-vs-temperature-3dk2maz0.png Figure 3. Tension vs Temperature https://scispace.com/papers/testing-method-for-multi-uav-conflict-resolution-using-agent-4yajzn6dps 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-encoding-multi-uav-encounters-in-genomes-for-the-use-330ysxg9.png Fig. 4 Encoding multi-UAV encounters in genomes for the use of the GA based multi-objective search. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-simulated-random-encounter-of-9-uavs-no-incident-3id12d99.png Fig. 8 A simulated random encounter of 9 UAVs. No incident occurred. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bounding-values-for-the-parameters-2ahlq946.png Table 3 Bounding values for the parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-uav-performance-limits-2d7cn2uf.png Table 1 The UAV performance limits https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-simulation-of-a-multi-uav-encounter-generated-by-2971xaai.png Fig. 3 The simulation of a multi-UAV encounter generated by the parameters in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-illustration-of-the-one-point-genome-cross-over-30eax06f.png Fig. 5 Illustration of the one-point genome cross-over operator. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-time-cost-for-each-trail-2b5r1pna.png Table 4 Time cost for each trail https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-statistics-of-the-5-searches-using-our-proposed-cwc5hbff.png Table 5 Statistics of the 5 searches using our proposed method https://scispace.com/papers/testing-models-of-social-learning-on-networks-evidence-from-377lp8n5lr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-objective-functions-for-mles-of-p-for-simulated-1gj23wvf.png FIGURE 5.—Objective functions for MLEs of π for simulated data generated at various π (network-level estimation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-objective-functions-for-mles-of-p-for-simulated-pfbuln79.png FIGURE 6.—Objective functions for MLEs of π for simulated data generated at various π (individual-level estimation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-share-of-households-stuck-in-each-village-plotted-1hf0rr99.png FIGURE 4.—Share of households stuck in each village plotted against λ2(L(G)) which bounds the conductance of the graph. Larger values of λ2(G) correspond to greater expansiveness. We present results from 200 simulations per village, with p= 0 6 and T = 200. https://scispace.com/papers/testing-moving-average-against-autoregressive-disturbances-2pbpzi0mmw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-calculated-sizes-and-powers-for-x2-when-h-0-u-t-e-t-1eae8294.png Table 2. Calculated Sizes and Powers for X2 when H 0 : u t = e t + 7c t-1 is Tested against H a : ut = put_i + t at the Five Per Cent Level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-calculated-sizes-and-powers-for-x2-and-x3-when-h-0-1nlzukos.png Table 3: Calculated Sizes and Powers for X2 and X3 When H-0- ut = ct 7ct-1' 7 0 is Tested Against https://scispace.com/papers/testing-nanomaterial-toxicity-in-unicellular-eukaryotic-3ekn4nbe49 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scheme-for-the-design-of-toxicity-tests-of-2sbjhcmt.png Fig. 1 Scheme for the design of toxicity tests of nanomaterials https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-possible-interferences-of-nm-with-cell-based-2dwhc3hj.png Table 1 Possible interferences of NM with cell-based toxicity tests and adequate controls https://scispace.com/papers/testing-relationships-between-smartphone-engagement-romantic-377wkkw1e6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hypothesized-model-31ucefny.png Figure 1 Hypothesized Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-zero-order-correlations-for-all-variables-of-2ydomnsp.png Table 1 Zero-order Correlations for All Variables of Interest https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-final-model-with-all-significant-paths-1c6dea5s.png Figure 2 Final Model with all Significant Paths https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-results-for-study-hypotheses-5u76hned.png Table 2 Summary of Results for Study Hypotheses https://scispace.com/papers/testing-probabilistic-models-of-choice-using-column-13sdjw0rfi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-computational-results-including-adjustments-to-the-2xeqta28.png Table 2 Computational results including adjustments to the pricing solutions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-impact-of-adjustments-to-the-pricing-solutions-and-3g3agfde.png Table 3 Impact of adjustments to the pricing solutions and/or stopping condition (Outside Hard only). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-computational-results-for-valid-1ry705ky.png Table 5 Comparison of computational results for valid inequality pools and re-use of variables. https://scispace.com/papers/testing-the-adding-up-condition-in-demand-systems-bgaorvqeqx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-test-results-of-the-adding-up-hypothesis-14egorn7.png TABLE I. Test results of the adding up hypothesis https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-fiml-estimates-of-the-easi-model-pc8i4lsp.png TABLE II. FIML estimates of the EASI model https://scispace.com/papers/testing-random-effects-in-linear-mixed-effects-models-with-2wdzpllvr7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-plasma-data-the-maximum-likelihood-estimates-of-3s1xwhk6.png Table 5 Plasma data: the maximum likelihood estimates of parameters and associated standard errors obtained from the final model (12) fitted using PROC MIXED in SAS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-power-of-our-permutation-test-in-testing-a-1e509jvh.png Table 4 The power of our permutation test in testing a subset of random effects at the significance level α = 0.05 with ni = 5, ρ = 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and with random effects generated from the bivariate t-distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-power-of-our-permutation-test-in-testing-a-7ph927ad.png Table 3 The power of our permutation test in testing a subset of random effects at the significance level α = 0.05 with ni = 5, ρ = 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and with random effects generated from the bivariate normal distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-power-of-our-permutation-test-in-testing-all-3pmhuv78.png Table 1 The power of our permutation test in testing all random effects at the significance level α = 0.05 with ni = 5, ρ = 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and with random effects generated from the bivariate normal distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-power-of-our-permutation-test-in-testing-all-qrxxflzf.png Table 2 The power of our permutation test in testing all random effects at the significance level α = 0.05 with ni = 5, ρ = 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and with random effects generated from the bivariate t-distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-individual-profiles-of-control-and-obese-patients-2tc44aqx.png Figure 1 Individual profiles of control and obese patients in the plasma inorganic phosphate experiment. https://scispace.com/papers/testing-social-network-metrics-for-measuring-electoral-1opsz5udv6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-milan-municipal-election-2011-1aowabag.png Table II MILAN, MUNICIPAL ELECTION 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-milan-municipal-election-2011-3jj5pp1i.png Table I MILAN, MUNICIPAL ELECTION 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-visual-representation-of-the-sn-of-the-supporters-c7p4oyf6.png Figure 1. Visual Representation of the SN of the supporters of Pisapia. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-visual-representation-of-the-sn-of-the-supporters-2fkdnc00.png Figure 2. Visual Representation of the SN of the supporters of Moratti. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-tests-on-social-network-analysis-metrics-2rrebkje.png Table III TESTS ON SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS METRICS. https://scispace.com/papers/testing-stationarity-with-unobserved-components-models-35gf8zji87 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-unit-root-tests-for-our-empirical-example-2t0f1ksi.png Table 4: Unit Root Tests for our Empirical Example https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-empirical-results-3ih2cmho.png Table 5: Empirical Results https://scispace.com/papers/testing-strict-hydrostatic-equilibrium-in-simulated-clusters-8b7r8zx3pa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-three-panels-radial-profiles-of-electron-30a7xtcg.png Figure 3. Top three panels: radial profiles of electron density and temperature, and thermal pressure in A1689 derived from Chandra observations (black points with error bars), and adopted from Suzaku observations (blue points with error bars; offset 1; Kawaharada et al. 2010). In the top two panels, we also show the best-fit models (black solid lines), and, as a reference, the last point of offset 2 of Suzaku (green stars with error bars). In the third panel, the black solid line is derived from the density and temperature fits. In this panel, we also show hydrostatic equilibrium pressure, Phe, derived from gravitational lensing using an NFW and a non-parametric model for the total mass distribution (cyan and magenta solid lines). Pressure ratios, Rpr = Pth/Phe, are shown in the bottom panel (color code is the same as in the third panel; horizontal black dashed line represents ratio of unity). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pressure-ratio-profiles-pth-phe-derived-for-yk1n7l0j.png Figure 2. Pressure ratio profiles, Pth/Phe derived for simulated massive clusters CL1, CL2, and CL3 (code is the same for the colored solid liens and points (as in Figure 1), and for A1689 using the latest NFW lensing model (cyan lines, same as in Figure 3)). We also show the average dynamical pressure ratios, 〈Pdyn/Phe〉, for simulated relaxed clusters CL1 and CL2 with errors (black lines). See the text for details and the definition of errors (dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-from-top-to-bottom-radial-profiles-of-dark-matter-3nxdumvk.png Figure 1. From top to bottom: radial profiles of dark matter and gas density (upper and lower curves) in units of critical density, ρc; gas temperature (in keV); hydrostatic and thermal gas pressure (upper and lower curves, in dyn cm−2); and pressure ratios, Pth/Phe, for massive simulated clusters. Solid lines and points with error bars represent best-fit models and data points for our relaxed clusters (blue: CL1; green: CL2), and for a cluster with a non-relaxed core (red: CL3). We also show pressure ratios using gas pressure data points (blue plus signs, green stars, and red crosses; see the text for details). https://scispace.com/papers/testing-the-content-progression-thesis-a-longitudinal-403nnozfpw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-indicators-and-bivariate-associations-w112u0jc.png Table 1 – Descriptive indicators and bivariate associations between the key constructs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-associations-between-the-dynamics-of-male-2arj9t3g.png Figure 2 – Associations between the dynamics of male adolescents’ pornography use and the preference for coercive and violent pornography contents over a 24-month period (dual-domain latent growth curve analysis) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-average-frequency-of-male-adolescent-2q868rpi.png Figure 1 – The average frequency of male adolescent’ pornography use and the preference for coercive and violent pornography contents across the period of 24 months (N = 248) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-and-variances-of-latent-constructs-in-the-wa44vqnv.png Table 2 – Means and variances of latent constructs in the parallel growth model https://scispace.com/papers/testing-the-effectiveness-of-monetary-policy-in-malaysia-1p88ky2l6o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4b-granger-causality-based-on-ecm-for-divisia-money-2vsyo9gw.png Table 4B: Granger causality based on ECM for Divisia money demand https://scispace.com/figures/table-4a-granger-causality-based-on-ecm-for-simple-sum-money-ful6v20c.png Table 4B: Granger causality based on ECM for Divisia money demand https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-long-run-elasticities-of-normalized-cointegrating-1os5b9co.png Table 3: Long run elasticities of normalized cointegrating vectors https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-the-growth-rates-of-38txji7p.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics for the growth rates of monetary indexes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-johansen-and-juselius-cointegration-tests-results-uz5f1wpj.png Table 2: Johansen and Juselius cointegration tests results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simple-sum-and-divisia-m1-monetary-indexes-1981q1-25ocmrq5.png Figure 1: Simple Sum and Divisia M1 Monetary Indexes, 1981Q1 to 2004Q4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simple-sum-and-divisia-m2-monetary-indexes-1981q1-3q1hrmaa.png Figure 2: Simple Sum and Divisia M2 Monetary Indexes, 1981Q1 to 2004Q4 https://scispace.com/papers/testing-the-black-hole-no-hair-theorem-with-oj287-58qzkbv3hl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-distribution-of-the-final-q-values-among-the-e5qy6l9i.png Fig. 6.— The distribution of the final q-values among the solutions using the currently best impact timings. We combine sets 7 & 8 to create the q-distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-observations-of-oj287-at-the-beginning-of-2mb9qzb3.png Fig. 12.— The observations of OJ287 at the beginning of November 1995, transformed to optical V-band. Altogether 50 observations have been binned to 7 points. Overlaid is the theoretical light curve profile from Figure 3. The zero point of time is at Julian Day (JD) 2450026.65, i.e at 3:36 hours GMT on November 6, 1995. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-correlation-between-q-and-the-starting-time-of-2712h14h.png Fig. 13.— The correlation between q and the starting time of the 2019 outburst t0 (labelled t(2019.53..) when χ1 = 0.275. The functional form of the correlation is given inside the figure. There is also a correlation with the χ1 such that the line of regression is shifted to the right in the figure by one unit for a decrease of χ1 by 0.0125 units. Five units in the time axis corresponds to 4.4 hours. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-optical-light-curve-of-oj287-from-1891-to-2010-the-h3ks5r0t.png Fig. 1.— The optical light curve of OJ287 from 1891 to 2010. The light curve includes previously unpublished data obtained at Harvard by R.Hudec and M.Basta. The line represents the binary black hole model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-optical-light-curve-of-oj287-during-2006-2008-only-1oxlnppz.png Fig. 2.— The optical light curve of OJ287 during 2006-2008. Only low polarization (less than 10%) data points are shown. There is a big “hump” lasting about one year and a “spike” at 2007 September 13 lasting only a few days. It is the “spikes” of the light curve that are used to determine the times of impact on the accretion disk and then to calculate the orbit of the secondary. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-correlation-of-kh1-with-the-zero-point-t0-of-the-1so9ar6a.png Fig. 7.— The correlation of χ1 with the zero point t0 of the 2015 outburst (labelled t(2015...). The insert gives the best fit functional dependence. Set 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-correlation-between-q-and-the-starting-time-of-1e4tjw7k.png Fig. 11.— The correlation between q and the starting time of the 1971 outburst t0 (labelled t(1971.12..) when χ1 = 0.275. The functional form of the correlation is given inside the figure. There is also a correlation with the χ1 such that the line of regression is shifted to the right in the figure by one unit for a decrease of χ1 by 0.01 units. Five units in the time axis corresponds to 4.4 hours. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-observations-of-the-brightness-of-oj287-at-the-2259i6f8.png Fig. 10.— Observations of the brightness of OJ287 at the expected 1971 outburst time. The solid line is the template from the 2007 outburst while the square represents the sole observational point. The base level (dashed line) is uncertain. https://scispace.com/papers/testing-the-general-validity-of-the-heckscher-ohlin-theorem-56l1s1w94o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-matrix-for-japan-ca-1870-2yijoiid.png Table 1: A Matrix for Japan ca. 1870 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-japans-net-factor-imports-1868-1875-at-7djq4psw.png Table 2: Japan’s Net Factor Imports: 1868-1875 (AT) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-heckscher-ohlin-prediction-in-the-2-factor-case-2cv7q67y.png Figure 1: Heckscher-Ohlin prediction in the 2-factor case https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-autarky-value-of-japans-factor-trade-in-the-2rv23diq.png Table 4: The Autarky Value of Japan’s Factor Trade in the Early Years of Open Trade (in thousands of gold ryō (waAT)) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-general-heckscher-ohlin-prediction-1fiytaou.png Figure 2: General Heckscher-Ohlin prediction https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-factor-content-of-trade-in-millions-1jbiid3j.png Table 3: The Factor Content of Trade (in millions) https://scispace.com/papers/testing-the-nonlinear-stability-of-kerr-newman-black-holes-281jvbv7qa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-snapshots-of-the-hamiltonian-constraint-11qjplh7.png FIG. 3 (color online). Snapshots of the Hamiltonian constraint violation along the z axis taken at three different values of the evolution time for a simulation with a ¼ 0.7M, Q ¼ 0.7M, A ¼ 0.005. The inset shows the same data in a region close to the horizon [RHðt ¼ 0Þ≃ 0.0707M, RHðt ¼ 160MÞ≃ 0.16M]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-measured-deformation-parameter-eth-for-wxq1mwo5.png FIG. 4 (color online). Measured deformation parameter ηþ for several different simulations as a function of time. All curves were normalized to their respective maximum amplitude. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-list-of-simulations-performed-with-the-parameters-3sw72kso.png TABLE I. List of simulations performed with the parameters used, where amax ≡ ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi M2 −Q2 p . The error reported was measured according to Eq. (4.5). For simulations with a ≥ 0.99amax, the numerical grid structure used (in the notation of Sec. II E of [39]) was the following: fð256; 176; 64; 32; 16; 8; 4; 2; 1; 0.5; 0.125Þ;M=512g. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-measured-deformation-parameters-eth-x-as-29rlixxw.png FIG. 2 (color online). Measured deformation parameters ηþ;× as given from (4.3), as function of time for a simulation with a ¼ 0.907M, Q ¼ 0.4M, A ¼ 5 × 10−4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-simulations-performed-in-this-work-3grr2va6.png FIG. 1 (color online). The simulations performed in this work are displayed as crosses in the parameter space spanned by the rotation parameter a and the charge Q. The dashed blue line shows the extremal limit a ¼ amax. https://scispace.com/papers/testing-the-out-of-sample-forecasting-ability-of-a-financial-30iwb4y749 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-out-of-sample-forecasting-performance-dependent-16m117eh.png Table 2. Out-of-sample forecasting performance, dependent variable: Inflation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-forecasts-of-manufacturing-output-growth-2du4ypwm.png Figure 1. Forecasts of manufacturing output growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-data-mining-critical-values-manufacturing-output-r7tbk2k9.png Table 8. Data-mining critical values: Manufacturing output growth (Sample: 1986:01 – 2012:01) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-data-mining-critical-values-inflation-sample-1986-01-2zd0fo3b.png Table 9. Data-mining critical values: Inflation (Sample: 1986:01 – 2012:01) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-data-mining-critical-values-treasury-bill-sample-1wai9ok0.png Table 10. Data-mining critical values: Treasury Bill (Sample: 1986:01 – 2012:01) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-out-of-sample-forecasting-performance-dependent-2ghvvn03.png Table 1. Out-of-sample forecasting performance, dependent variable: Manufacturing production growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-least-squares-estimates-of-2ag1mpl7.png Table 5. Least Squares Estimates of https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-variables-used-to-construct-and-test-the-fci-tk4ddfwq.png Table 6. Variables used to construct and test the FCI https://scispace.com/papers/testing-theoretical-explanations-for-investment-behaviour-in-2c2ng8vhl1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimation-results-under-a-single-species-assumption-165rp1dc.png Table 6: Estimation results under a single-species assumption. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimation-results-under-a-multi-species-assumption-3l65gd3m.png Table 3: Estimation results under a multi-species assumption. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimation-results-under-a-multi-species-assumption-3dn1425l.png Table 5: Estimation results under a multi-species assumption. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimation-results-under-a-single-species-assumption-1nthiy5r.png Table 4: Estimation results under a single-species assumption. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-return-on-capital-in-the-dutch-beam-trawler-3vnnkpj4.png Table 1: Average return on capital in the Dutch beam trawler fishery in the North Sea, 2009-2015. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-for-the-dutch-beam-trawler-hlax5vnf.png Table 2: Summary statistics for the Dutch beam trawler fishery in the North Sea, 2009-2015. https://scispace.com/papers/testing-the-occurrence-of-late-jurassic-true-polar-wander-a9etkz4d1m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-orthogonal-projection-diagrams-of-representative-322rpl69.png Fig. 3. Orthogonal projection diagrams of representative thermal demagnetization sequences. (A-B) Normally and reversely magnetized samples from locality A showing potentially significant viscous remanent magnetization (VRM) in the direction of the present-day magnetic field and higher temperature characteristic remanent magnetization. (C-D) Normally and reversely magnetized samples from locality B. (E) Example of a sample recording a transitional direction from locality B. (F-G) Normally and reversely magnetized samples from locality D. Sample names are written above each diagram. Hollow (solid) symbols denote projection of magnetization vector onto the East-Up (East-North) plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-equal-area-stereonet-diagrams-showing-mean-tilt-3s2qbh9x.png Fig. 4. Equal area stereonet diagrams showing mean tilt-corrected directions of 52 sites with low within-site scatter. Panels show sites from the five different localities (A) locality A, (B) locality B, (C) locality C and E, and (D) locality D. Lines with arrows show the stratigraphic progression of sites from down-section to up-section. Red directions denote to transitional sites that were not used to compute the paleomagnetic pole. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-composite-running-mean-poles-black-la-negra-volcanics-12qrhx8i.png Fig. 5. Composite running mean poles (black), La Negra volcanics poles (green), and seven other igneous rock-derived poles from the 170-140 Ma interval (gray) plotted in the South African coordinate system. Running means were computed from paleomagnetic poles within ±10 My of the indicated age. Mean poles from the 200-170 Ma interval are computed from the compilation by Kent and Irving (2010). Red points indicate inclination shallowing-corrected poles from Adria (Muttoni and Kent, 2019). Poles used to compute 170-145 Ma averages are given in Table 3. Circles denote the 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-paleomagnetic-poles-derived-from-igneous-rocks-jdbqw2rm.png Table 3 Paleomagnetic poles derived from igneous rocks between 165 and 140 Ma used, except where noted, in our calculation of net continental rotation rate during the monster shift. La Negra North and La Negra South refer to the mean paleomagnetic poles derived from our sampling localities A-B and C-E, respectively. The La Negra poles are given in South American coordinates and rotated into South African coordinates using the paleogeographic reconstructions of Lottes and Rowley (1990) and Torsvik et al. (2008). The remaining seven previously published poles are rotated into South African coordinates using the parameters of Torsvik et al. (2008). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-simplified-geological-map-of-our-sampling-area-near-11xk4wp1.png Fig. 1. (A) Simplified geological map of our sampling area near Tocopilla. Location of Tocopilla is denoted by red star in the outline of Chile. (B) Outcrop of multiple La Negra Formation lava flows at locality B showing characteristic ∼3 m scale thickness and shallow eastward dip. (For interpretation of the colors in the figure(s), the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-composite-poles-in-south-africa-coordinates-3huv61w7.png Table 4 Composite poles in South Africa coordinates. Individual paleomagnetic poles for the 200-170 Ma composites were based on Kent and Irving (2010) while those for the 160 and 145 Ma composites are listed in Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-total-rotation-of-the-all-continents-orange-and-south-2ak0hrhj.png Fig. 6. Total rotation of the all continents (orange) and South Africa (red and blue inferred from compilations of paleomagnetic data compared with motion of the Pacific Plate from Fu and Kent (2018). Running means are computed from paleomagnetic poles with ages within a ±10 My window. The net continental rotation curve is computed from the latitude of a fiducial point 90◦ away from the mean 170-145 Ma Euler pole (see text). Our composite poles in South African coordinates (red) are computed from individual igneous rock-based paleomagnetic poles (gray) while the Torsvik et al. (2012) running mean (blue) is based on a broader dataset that includes sedimentary paleomagnetic poles and those from the Colorado Plateau (see text). Note that net rotation and Pacific Plate paleolatitudes are plotted using the same vertical scale. Error bars show 1σ uncertainties. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-ages-from-stepwise-ar-release-experiments-3r7g8zde.png Table 1 Summary of ages from stepwise Ar release experiments. Boldface indicates ages used to compute locality-level means. All uncertainties are 1σ . See supplemental information for detailed table of measured Ar isotopic compositions. https://scispace.com/papers/testosterone-reactivity-to-competition-and-competitive-5c9jc4umgk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-4-study-1-main-variable-descriptive-statistics-229d1f4t.png Table 1 4 Study 1 main variable descriptive statistics, correlations, and mean comparisons 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-12-study-2-main-variable-descriptive-statistics-33yvke4v.png Table 2 12 Study 2 main variable descriptive statistics, correlations, and mean comparisons 13 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-exploratory-mediation-analysis-of-the-relationships-25oibh54.png Figure 3. Exploratory mediation analysis of the relationships between trait dominance, 2 testosterone reactivity, and task performance (N=197). A) Simple Mediation B) Moderated-3 Mediation with sex C) Moderated-Mediation with group rank. *p<.05, **p<.01. Indirect effects 4 are bootstrapped. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-correlation-between-testosterone-reactivity-and-b4qjo5rq.png Figure 1. Correlation between testosterone reactivity and performance. Separate graphs 12 for men (Win: R2=.15, Loss: R2=.08) and women (Win: R2<.01, Loss: R2=.14). 13 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-correlation-between-testosterone-reactivity-and-3il9wp65.png Figure 2. Correlation between testosterone reactivity and task performance by group rank. 16 Separate graphs for men (top 25%: R2=.25, middle 50%: R2=<.01, bottom 25%: R2=.09) and 17 women (top 25%: R2=.02, middle 50%: R2=.05, bottom 25%: R2<.01). 18 19 https://scispace.com/papers/tests-in-a-case-control-design-including-relatives-1gscu4y87h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-simulated-power-of-the-tests-based-on-the-risk-2oecnoan.png Table 6: Simulated power of the tests based on the risk measures compared with the TDT for a recessive inheritance model and parameters p1A = 0.2, p2A = 0.2, D ′ = 0.1, f = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-left-columns-p1a-0-2-p2a-0-015-d-0-f-0-5-right-ozwa62qe.png Table 1: Left columns: p1A = 0.2, p2A = 0.015, D ′ = 0, f = 0.5; Right columns: p1A = 0.2, p2A = 0.1, D ′ = 0, f = 0.3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-p1a-0-05-p2a-0-001-d-0-2-f-0-6-3mcdpoiu.png Table 2: p1A = 0.05, p2A = 0.001, D ′ = 0.2, f = 0.6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-simulated-power-of-the-tests-based-on-the-risk-3o65lsu8.png Table 5: Simulated power of the tests based on the risk measures compared with the TDT https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-p1a-0-4-p2a-0-2-d-0-4-f-0-2-2d290p8n.png Table 4: p1A = 0.4, p2A = 0.2, D ′ = 0.4, f = 0.2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-p1a-0-2-p2a-0-1-d-0-2-f-0-5-2vqjgft7.png Table 3: p1A = 0.2, p2A = 0.1, D ′ = 0.2, f = 0.5 https://scispace.com/papers/tet1-dioxygenase-is-required-for-foxa2-associated-chromatin-2o2bpfy2ux 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tet1-knock-out-cells-show-impaired-differentiation-1wn73zcx.png Fig. 5 TET1 knock-out cells show impaired differentiation into functional b-cells. 1005 a Immunostaining of INS, and GCG in WT, TET2/3DKO, and TET1KO cells at the PE stage. 1006 Scale bar = 50 µm. b Representative plots of flow cytometry of human C-peptide (CPEP) and 1007 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-full-length-tet1-is-required-for-the-establishment-of-184fegjj.png Fig. 6 Full-length TET1 is required for the establishment of a hypomethylated PAX4 1032 enhancer. 1033 a Immunostaining of PDX1 and NKX6.1 at the PP stage for WT, TKO-TET1CDmut, TKO-1034 https://scispace.com/papers/tether-force-constraints-in-stokes-flow-by-the-immersed-3wumrqhmcu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-4-the-figure-shows-the-velocity-field-and-pressure-3bq3y0a1.png Fig. 6.4. The figure shows the velocity field and pressure contours in a peristaltic flow. The material points move up and down as the contractile wave moves from right to left. The net flow is also from right to left. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-2-flow-through-an-irregular-domain-simulated-with-10luy5pt.png Fig. 6.2. Flow through an irregular domain simulated with stiff tether forces. Such domains can be used for flow rectification with complex viscous fluids (see, e.g., [23]). Resistance is the same in either direction for Stokes flows by the reversibility principle, but we have included this example to demonstrate the potential use of the method for examining such phenomena. The color contours show the vorticity of the fluid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-3-peristaltic-pumps-work-by-propagating-a-contractile-2uxtqjc2.png Fig. 6.3. Peristaltic pumps work by propagating a contractile wave along an elastic fluid boundary. Though the wave propagates in the direction of the bulk fluid flow, the motions of the material points in the boundary are primarily lateral. The figure depicts such a mechanism with Γ1 and Γ2 depicting the lower and upper elastic boundaries, respectively (see (6.1) for details). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-1-cylindrical-pegs-used-to-mix-and-then-unmix-a-3qr1nud4.png Fig. 6.1. Cylindrical pegs used to mix and then unmix a Stokesian fluid demonstrating the reversibility principle. The motion of the pegs is generated using tether forces. Color contours depict the fluid vorticity (note the change in sign of the vorticity upon reversal of mixing). Compare the last frame with the first, and note that even the sharp corners of the letters (represented here as passive, nonforce generating marker particles) are recovered. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-6-comparison-of-the-computed-stokes-swimming-speed-u-3vv9f46q.png Fig. 6.6. Comparison of the computed Stokes swimming speed (U) with Taylor’s asymptotic approximation for varying sinusoidal swimmer amplitudes (A). The plot on the left shows the speed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-5-the-figure-shows-a-comparison-between-the-computed-2prz7b06.png Fig. 6.5. The figure shows a comparison between the computed dimensionless mean flow rate (Θ) and the asymptotic approximation of Jaffrin and Shapiro [11]. The computed flow rate is in very good agreement with the asymptotic approximation for all values of the constriction ratio χ. https://scispace.com/papers/tev-cosmic-ray-anisotropy-from-the-magnetic-field-at-the-4tej9gemcw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physics-parameters-of-simulation-sets-251p7xn4.png Table 1 Physics Parameters of Simulation Sets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-integrated-trajectories-of-protons-with-energy-of-1-3iof5v3b.png Figure 3. Integrated trajectories of protons with energy of 1 TeV, starting from Earth with initial uniform direction distribution, calculated with the heliospheric magnetic field of Figure 1. The figure illustrates the complex structure of more than 100 trajectories passing through the heliosphere and ultimately streaming along the uniform interstellar magnetic field. The regions where the trajectories cross the injection sphere of radius 6000 au are used to identify where to forward-propagate cosmic-ray particles (see text). Note that on the interstellar-wind downstream direction (i.e., in the upper left corner of the figure), particles are more spread out in space as an effect of the elongated heliospheric tail, compared with those in the upstream direction (i.e., in the lower right corner of the figure). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cosmic-ray-maximum-gyroradius-or-larmor-radius-rl-9r7wa8pa.png Figure 2. Cosmic-ray maximum gyroradius (or Larmor radius) rL in a 3 μG magnetic field as a function of particle energy averaged over the observed mass composition (from Gaisser et al. 2013; black line). This is compared with that of protons (red line), of helium (in blue), and of iron nuclei (in purple). Note that due to the mass composition of cosmic rays, the average gyroradius is smaller than that for pure protons. This difference becomes important for energies in excess of about 1 TeV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distributions-of-instantaneous-gyroradii-rl-in-pbjc5ut4.png Figure 4. Distributions of instantaneous gyroradii rL (in units of au) of the particles from sets of Table 1, calculated along their trajectories. Note the wide range of variabilities of rL due to the changes in magnetic field and pitch angle as particles propagate through the heliosphere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-angular-power-spectrum-of-the-arrival-direction-159dbd3x.png Figure 8. Angular power spectrum of the arrival direction distribution on the target sphere of the 1 TV rigidity particle sets (on the left) and of the 10 TV rigidity particle sets (on the right). Protons (blue lines), helium nuclei (red lines), and iron nuclei (green line) are separately shown. The gray bands show the 1σ and 2σ bands for a large set of isotropic sky maps. The black circles are the results from the IceCube Observatory at a median energy of 20 TeV(Santander et al. 2013; Aartsen et al. 2016). The dashed purple line is the power spectrum from Ahlers (2014). The angular power spectrum results are normalized to the IceCube experimental results at the dipole component (ℓ=1). Note that the angular power spectra are calculated with all particles initiated from both regions on the injection sphere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-histogram-of-standard-deviation-of-magnetic-moment-36qonox4.png Figure 5. Histogram of standard deviation of magnetic moment sm over mean magnetic moment m̄ for the two rigidity data sets of Table 1. The red histogram corresponds to the R=1 TV (p, He, Fe) mixed composition set, and the green histogram to the R=10 TV (p, He) mixed composition. The magnetic moment is calculated for each particle at all time steps. The mean value and the standard deviation are for the total trajectory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-top-map-in-equatorial-coordinates-of-the-positions-23kffywa.png Figure 6. Top: map in equatorial coordinates of the positions of injected particles (from the 60° × 60° region of the heliosphere upstream of the ISM flow). Only the initial positions of those particles that are actually recorded are shown here. Center: map in equatorial coordinates of the arrival direction distribution of the recorded mixed composition particles at rigidity scale of 1 TV. Bottom: map in equatorial coordinates of the arrival direction distribution of the recorded mixed composition particles at rigidity scale of 10 TV. The yellow star indicates the approximate position of the heliospheric tail. The dashed yellow box corresponds approximately with the region of initial position of all the particles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-top-map-in-equatorial-coordinates-of-the-positions-6ez5qz53.png Figure 7. Top: map in equatorial coordinates of the positions of injected particles (from the 30° × 30° zone of the heliosphere downstream of interstellar side, in proximity of the heliotail). Only the initial positions of those particles that are actually recorded are shown here. Center: map in equatorial coordinates of the arrival direction distribution of the recorded mixed composition particles at rigidity scale of 1 TV. Bottom: map in equatorial coordinates of the arrival direction distribution of the recorded mixed composition particles at rigidity scale of 10 TV. The yellow star indicates the approximate position of the heliospheric tail. The dashed yellow box corresponds approximately with the region of initial position of all the particles. https://scispace.com/papers/text-informed-speech-inpainting-via-voice-conversion-1820v5urah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-listening-test-results-averaged-over-12-test-2cpbuslh.png Fig. 2: Listening test results averaged over 12 test participants and over different conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-source-vs-target-alignment-and-missing-part-bgkztm1g.png Fig. 1: Source vs. target alignment and missing part identification. https://scispace.com/papers/text-recognition-in-videos-using-a-recurrent-connectionist-1i1v14helu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scheme-of-the-proposed-approach-3tdmzmhr.png Fig. 1. Scheme of the proposed approach. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-the-proposed-scheme-to-a-state-of-the-b485c7b0.png Table 2. Comparison of the proposed scheme to a state-of-the-art method and commercial OCR engines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-usefulness-of-learnt-features-3lsr19rl.png Table 1. Usefulness of learnt features. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-recognized-text-each-class-is-represented-308b0qo4.png Fig. 2. Example of recognized text: each class is represented by a color, the label “ ” represents the class “space” and the gray curve corresponds to the class “Blank”. https://scispace.com/papers/textile-and-place-409k24kq40 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-lubaina-himid-fill-new-buckets-with-your-laughter-3nirepay.png Figure 1 Lubaina Himid, Fill New Buckets with Your Laughter, 2011–12. Acrylic on paper. Photograph courtesy of Denise Swanson. https://scispace.com/papers/textbook-of-plastic-and-reconstructive-surgery-1a7dm8edyz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-2-vascular-tumours-25jsixu2.png Table 14.2. Vascular tumours. https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-3-vascular-malformations-y1089y2k.png Table 14.3. Vascular malformations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-3-muscles-of-the-extensor-compartment-of-the-forearm-2i074hte.png Table 7.3. (Cont.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-3-the-therapeutic-algorithm-for-partial-ear-1l2z53ur.png Figure 11.3. The therapeutic algorithm for partial ear reconstruction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-2-the-main-components-of-an-elastic-cartilage-2yo96au3.png Figure 11.2. The main components of an elastic cartilage. https://scispace.com/figures/table-19-2-liposuction-complications-local-and-systemic-2ke53ozp.png Table 19.2. Liposuction complications: local and systemic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-3-skin-indentation-as-a-result-of-liposuction-3abtjaey.png Figure 19.3. Skin indentation as a result of liposuction overcorrection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-2-features-of-the-ageing-face-42fssg8x.png Figure 16.2. Features of the ageing face. https://scispace.com/papers/textile-composites-from-hydro-entangled-non-woven-fabrics-23ag6jfdlz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-composite-sample-2-b-composite-sample-2-close-up-1o69h7d3.png Fig. 6. (a) Composite sample 2. (b) Composite sample 2 close-up. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-a-typical-load-elongation-curve-for-composite-sample-1bps5w3h.png Fig. 2. (a) A typical load elongation curve for composite sample 1. (b) A typical load elongation curve for composite sample 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-composite-sample-1-b-composite-sample-1-close-up-7h8ad5bx.png Fig. 4. (a) Composite sample 1. (b) Composite sample 1 close-up. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-composite-sample-4-b-composite-sample-4-close-up-5qwesni9.png Fig. 5. (a) Composite sample 4. (b) Composite sample 4 close-up. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-principal-components-of-a-hydro-entanglement-system-2dsqe60h.png Fig. 1. Principal components of a hydro-entanglement system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-tensile-strength-of-the-composite-samples-b-fbd4zmi5.png Fig. 3. (a) Tensile strength of the composite samples. (b) Extension at failure of the composite samples. (c) Tensile modulus of the composite samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-impact-properties-of-hydro-entangled-fabric-37fsp2fi.png Table 3. Impact properties of hydro-entangled fabric composites https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-initial-composite-samples-1g1c65cf.png Table 1. Properties of Initial composite samples https://scispace.com/papers/text-variation-explorer-towards-interactive-visualization-3wkmhsb1mx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-clustering-the-text-fragments-brown-and-lob-d4onry8c.png Figure 6. Clustering the text fragments: Brown and LOB clustered according to personal pronouns https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-brief-text-excerpt-with-three-different-measures-2yxa82n2.png Table 1. A brief text excerpt with three different measures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-line-graph-of-measures-for-james-joyces-ulysses-3c7yu8da.png Figure 1. Line graph of measures for James Joyce’s Ulysses with window and overlap values of 200 and 50 words, respectively https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tves-text-pane-and-window-setting-controls-1fdnxlhe.png Figure 3. TVE’s text pane and window setting controls https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-brushing-between-views-2hdo6nli.png Figure 4. Brushing between views https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-clustering-the-text-fragments-brown-and-lob-qd005jot.png Figure 7. Clustering the text fragments: Brown and LOB clustered according to Binongo’s (2003) list of function words https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-clustering-the-text-fragments-james-joyces-ulysses-31ficcak.png Figure 5. Clustering the text fragments: James Joyce’s Ulysses clustered according to 55 personal pronouns https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-line-graph-of-measures-for-james-joyces-ulysses-1tnu9rfx.png Figure 2. Line graph of measures for James Joyce’s Ulysses with window and overlap values of 1325 and 50 words, respectively https://scispace.com/papers/text-mined-phenotype-annotation-and-vector-based-similarity-10g66vugkg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-metrics-for-different-methods-of-annotating-the-omim-2h57smwo.png Table 1: Metrics for different methods of annotating the OMIM phenotype catalogue with HPO terms. The subscript N denotes the group of phenotypes captured by all annotation methods. The subscript X denotes those phenotypes exclusively captured by each annotation method (curated vs. text-mined). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-optimised-generalised-logistic-function-variables-2m8l7dce.png Table 2: Optimised generalised logistic function variables from Equation 8 for each combination of annotation and similarity method. Functions are plot in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-metrics-for-score-based-analysis-after-logistic-3vl4cyrs.png Table 3: Metrics for score-based analysis (after logistic function rescaling) of different phenotype annotation and similarity methods used to identify the causative genes for diagnosed DDD patients (from Figure 4). Δ = probability – prior; Fold change = Δ/prior. https://scispace.com/papers/texture-analysis-an-adaptive-probabilistic-approach-518n2uchci 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-circular-mosaic-of-calf-and-fabric0004-and-d-its-t5st9krq.png Fig. 2. a) Circular mosaic of Calf and Fabric0004 and d), its segmentation; b) Rectangular mosaic of Calf, D101, and Hexholes152 and e), its segmentation; c) Freehand mosaic of Bark and Wool and f), its segmentation; g) Freehand mosaic of Herring and Raffia and h) its segmentation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-texture-d101-and-b-its-optimal-decomposition-c-329ko71x.png Fig. 1. a) Texture D101 and b) its optimal decomposition; c) Texture Raffia and d) its optimal decomposition. https://scispace.com/papers/texture-mapping-3d-models-of-indoor-environments-with-noisy-2yrokfhh4b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-images-are-related-to-each-surface-through-the-3f6vtt0u.png Figure 5: Images are related to each surface through the camera matrices P1..m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-camera-angle-a-and-distance-d-are-minimized-by-3jhsdhb2.png Figure 6: Camera angle α and distance d are minimized by maximizing the scoring function 1 d (−1 · ~c) · ~n https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-a-textured-low-resolution-model-from-the-floor-3njbp7oy.png Figure 21: A textured low-resolution model from the floor plan extrusion approach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-a-textured-low-resolution-model-from-the-floor-3127ld3v.png Figure 22: A textured low-resolution model from the floor plan extrusion approach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-textured-low-resolution-models-from-the-pca-based-2aurzcpv.png Figure 17: Textured low-resolution models from the PCA-based approach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-proposed-texture-mapping-procedure-225unxuc.png Figure 1: The proposed texture mapping procedure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cad-model-of-the-backpack-system-1zqwvn2e.png Figure 2: CAD model of the backpack system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-tile-based-texturing-b-tile-based-texturing-after-2oo0vmjf.png Figure 7: (a) Tile-based texturing; (b) Tile-based texturing after image alignment; (c) Tile-based texturing after image alignment with caching; (d) Shortest path texturing after image alignment; (e,f) Blending applied to (c) and (d); (g,h) Zoomed in views of discontinuities in (e) vs. in (f). https://scispace.com/papers/texture-and-vortex-of-rotating-superfluid-3he-a-in-parallel-4e3dbz46g8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temperature-dependence-of-ofr-and-oc-3197vnj6.png Fig. 4. Temperature dependence of ΩFr and Ωc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-flow-profile-of-the-normal-fluid-velocity-1z76ff8j.png Fig. 7. (color online) Flow profile of the normal fluid velocity vn (r) (dotted line) and the superfluid velocity vs (r) (solid curve) as Ω increases in (a) and (b) and then decreases in (c) and (d) after it reaches a maximum Ω. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-normalized-satellite-signal-intensity-as-3gv6vmg2.png Fig. 3. (color online) Normalized satellite signal intensity as a function of Ω. Dotted line is the spin wave intensity predicted by the FT model. . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-ft-induced-spin-wave-frequency-predicted-for-xd-10-7771lapl.png Fig. 6. The FT-induced spin wave frequency predicted for ξD = 10 µm. The inset is the spin wave frequency in the FT region as a function of the counter flow velocity for various values of D/ξD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-temperature-dependence-of-the-normalized-satellite-3r0ml39m.png Fig. 5. Temperature dependence of the normalized satellite intensity at Ωc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-sample-cell-two-kinds-of-films-a-and-b-to-1t6mnuwe.png Fig. 1. (color online) Sample cell. Two kinds of films (a) and (b) to be used for 3He in parallel plate geometry. NMR cell (c) for the parallel-plate sample. (d) Cross sectional view of the stacks of the parallel plates. The sample cell (e) assembled with parallel-plate and bulk samples and PtNMR thermometer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-typical-nmr-absorption-spectra-as-a-35zx910w.png Fig. 2. (color online) Typical NMR absorption spectra as a function of the normalized frequency shift from fL. Solid line is spectrum taken at Ω = 1.80 rad/s and dotted line is one for Ω = 0.01 rad/s. The satellite signal around Δf / fL = -0.07 is shown in inset on an expanded scale. https://scispace.com/papers/texture-based-fingerprint-biohashing-attacks-and-robustness-3fh3ydhoo7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-biocode-generation-2xwx1l9j.png Figure 2. BioCode generation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-personal-attacks-by-interception-of-n-biocodes-4kxmvb27.png Figure 5. Personal attacks by interception of N BioCodes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-evaluation-through-the-eer-value-without-mpi81920.png Table 1. Performance evaluation through the EER value (without attack) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-global-attack-by-interception-of-n-biocodes-kh9r9o7a.png Figure 6. Global attack by interception of N BioCodes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-attack-risk-value-1-far-for-a-cancelable-biometric-loroimea.png Table 2. Attack risk value (1-FAR) for a cancelable biometric system with prescribed threshold ensuring EER = 0% in ideal case (without attack) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-principle-of-the-biohashing-algorithm-weky9tlq.png Figure 1. General principle of the BioHashing algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-roc-curves-mhbfjzi3.png Figure 3. ROC curves https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-biohashing-robustness-analysis-against-brute-force-1k08am5t.png Figure 4. BioHashing robustness analysis against brute-force, stolen FingerCode and stolen token attacks https://scispace.com/papers/texture-analysis-of-the-transition-from-slip-to-grain-2kwgjaeiri 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-microstructure-of-the-5083-aluminum-alloy-2fpv7nta.png Fig. 6. The microstructure of the 5083 aluminum alloy following tensile deformation at 335°C and 10 2 s 1, showing grain elongation parallel to the tensile axis. Precipitation of the Al8Mg5 phase, especially on the grain boundaries, is evident. Secondary and backscatter electron image, orientation contrast, no etchant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-discrete-pole-figures-and-histograms-of-the-correlated-16if2m6l.png Fig. 8. Discrete pole figures and histograms of the correlated misorientation distributions for 5083 aluminum deformed in the GBS regime at 535°C and 10 4 s 1. Data for tension testing parallel to RD are shown in (a), and for tension testing parallel to TD are shown in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-discrete-pole-figures-and-histograms-of-the-correlated-1dny1e1d.png Fig. 5. Discrete pole figures and histograms of the correlated misorientation distributions for 5083 aluminum deformed in the dislocation creep regime at 335°C and 10 2 s 1. Data for tension testing parallel to RD are shown in (a), and for tension testing parallel to TD are shown in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-microtexture-data-in-the-form-of-discrete-pole-figures-2ujzenho.png Fig. 7. Microtexture data in the form of discrete pole figures and a histogram of the distribution of the correlated misorientation angles for the 5083 aluminum alloy deformed in the dislocation creep regime at 535°C and 10 1 s 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-microstructure-of-the-5083-aluminum-alloy-1vmyboo1.png Fig. 9. The microstructure of the 5083 aluminum alloy following tensile deformation in the GBS regime at 535°C and 10 4 s 1. Grain growth is evident, as revealed by comparison with the microstructure of the annealed condition in Fig. 1. Secondary and backscatter electron image, orientation contrast, no etchant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-schmid-factors-for-a-111-parallel-to-the-tensile-xtq7ycbt.png Table 2. Schmid factors for (a) [111] parallel to the tensile axis and (b) for the (100)[001] orientation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-lattice-diffusion-compensated-strain-rate-as-a-1pjt8dgs.png Fig. 10. Lattice-diffusion compensated strain rate as a function of modulus compensated stress for the 5083 aluminum alloy. The predictions of the dislocation creep and GBS models are shown as the dashed line. The arrows indicate the conditions investigated by EBSP analysis methods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-schematic-representations-of-deformation-under-owa6ml18.png Fig. 11. Schematic representations of deformation under dislocation creep conditions (a) wherein slip in randomly oriented grains results in formation of a 111> fiber texture; in {100} 0vw> grains, lattice rotation results in the appearance of a {100} 001> component. Under GBS control of deformation (b) random grain rotations result in a predominantly random texture after deformation. https://scispace.com/papers/tf-twas-transcription-factor-polymorphism-associated-with-1y4p8wl4wn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-prediction-performance-between-the-1zi1mv5y.png Figure 2. Comparison of prediction performance between the three TF-enriched models. Each marker represents the total variability between each the TF-enriched model and the baseline TWAS cis model across all genes and withint each of the four studied tissues. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-strip-plot-of-the-list-of-influential-tf-snps-3m5nffug.png Figure 3. Strip plot of the list of influential TF-SNPs associated with TF-TWAS hit genes. TF-TWAS hit genes associated with disease Our list of 48 TF-TWAS hit genes is enriched for two thyroid-related diseases, Hashimoto disease (seven hit genes in ToppGene Suite (Chen et al. 2009)) and Thyroid neoplasm (eight hit genes) (B&H FDR <7e-4). Three of the genes, BRAF, NFKB1 and AQP3, where found in both thyroid-related diseases. Interestingly, the set of TFs associated with these three genes is enriched for Thyroid Carcinoma (B&H FDR < 4e-12), out of which Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit (FOS) is a TF associated with all three genes and high RNA levels of FOS were associated with Thyroid Carcinoma (Terrier et al. 1988). We highlight two hit genes associated with pharmacogenomic traits. The first is APOA1 ,associated with response to fenofibrate in people with Hypertriglyceridemia (two genetic variants, rs964184 and rs2727786, (Aslibekyan et al. 2012)). Interestingly, one of its TFs, PPARA, has four other SNPs associated with decreased reduction in fasting IL-2 when treated https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-illustration-of-the-pipeline-to-identify-tf-twas-1xltvlv2.png Figure 4. An illustration of the pipeline to identify TF-TWAS hit genes. We compute the baseline TWAS cis model and compare to one of the three TF-TWAS models to identify candidate genes (A). We compute a background model for each of the candidate genes to test their significance (B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-illustration-of-the-three-tested-hypotheses-pca4g5ot.png Figure 1. A illustration of the three tested hypotheses regarding the effect of TF SNPs on the expression of their transcribed genes. We test whether polymorphism in the TF (orange box) affect the transcription levels of the transcribed gene (black box) by testing the added effect of each TF-TWAS model relative to the baseline model. TF-regulation model: include eQTLs associated with the TF (A), TF-binding model includes non-synonymous SNPs within the associated TF boundary (B); and TF-both model include SNPs within 1MB of the associated TF coding region (C). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-of-transcription-factors-and-32neoc1a.png Table 1. Summary statistics of transcription factors and nearby SNPs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-genes-with-influential-tf-snps-tfs-that-are-1e09ptql.png Table 2. List of genes with influential TF-SNPs. TFs that are associated with the same disease as their TF-hit genes are shown in bold. https://scispace.com/papers/tgf-b-tgf-b-receptor-system-and-its-role-in-physiological-1b4w5cymzs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-selected-clinical-studies-using-agents-targeting-the-2lf1498w.png Table 3. Selected clinical studies using agents targeting the TGF-β pathway https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tgf-b-signaling-and-auxiliary-receptors-their-3r21n1dm.png Table 1. TGF-β Signaling and Auxiliary Receptors, their Ligands and RSmads https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-therapeutic-targets-in-the-tgf-b-signaling-pathway-ru47xp0m.png Figure 3. Therapeutic targets in the TGF-β signaling pathway. The figure represents several therapeutic approaches that target different components of the TGF-β signaling pathway, including antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides, soluble receptors, recombinant ligands or chemical kinase inhibitors. For further details of the specific drugs, see Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-human-disease-causing-mutations-in-tgf-b-family-3fs85644.png Table 2. Human disease-causing mutations in TGF-β family ligands, receptors, and signaling proteins https://scispace.com/papers/tgfb-signaling-curbs-cell-fusion-and-muscle-regeneration-qa36szd1rn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tgfb-signaling-limits-cell-fusion-a-experimental-22k2c2vf.png Fig. 3 TGFβ signaling limits cell fusion. a Experimental scheme. Primary myoblasts seeded at low density (5000 cells/cm2) were differentiated for 2 days, split, and re-plated at high density (75,000 cells/cm2) and cultured for 2 more days. b Immunofluorescent staining for MYOGENIN of primary myocytes pre-differentiated for 48 h and re-plated at high density confirms that >90% of cells express Myogenin. N= 7 biologically independent https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-tgfb-signaling-regulates-muscle-cell-fusion-in-vivo-a-2md7fnn1.png Fig. 8 TGFβ signaling regulates muscle cell fusion in vivo. a Experimental scheme. Adult murine tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were subjected to CTX injury and regenerating tissues were injected intramuscularly with either TGFβ1 proteins or ITD-1 compound 3 days after damage. b Immunofluorescent staining for LAMININ of 7 days regenerating TA muscles. c Quantification of myofiber size (cross-sectional area, CSA). While the injection of TGFβ strongly reduces fibers size, ITD-1 administration increases fibers size. d Distribution of myofiber CSA. N= 10 (Control), 5 (TGFβ1), and 5 (ITD-1) biologically independent TA muscles. e Distribution of myonuclei per fiber shows that the inhibition of TGFβ cascade leads to the formation of multinucleated myofibers, while TGFβ activation reduces the number of myonuclei per fibers. N= 6 (Control), 3 (TGFβ1), and 3 (ITD-1) biologically https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tgfb-signaling-does-not-affect-cell-motility-and-cell-3lwzpmz1.png Fig. 4 TGFβ signaling does not affect cell motility and cell–cell contact frequency. a Experimental scheme. Primary myoblasts seeded at 10,000 cells/ cm2 were induced to differentiate with or without TGFβ1 recombinant protein. After 12 h, cells were recorded live for 12 h during early differentiation and for 24 h during late differentiation. b Quantification of the percentage of MYOD1+ nuclei of primary myocytes cultured for 48 h with or without TGFβ1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-tgfb-inhibition-induces-human-myotube-fusion-in-3d-tthg7rtx.png Fig. 7 TGFβ inhibition induces human myotube fusion in 3D culture resulting in increased microtissue strength. a Schematic representation (left) and timeline (right) of 3D human muscle cell experimental approach utilized in panels (b–h). Briefly, immortalized human myoblasts are suspended in a fibrin/ reconstituted basement membrane protein scaffold and seeded into the bottom of a custom rubber 96-well plate culture device. A side view depicts the vertical posts across which the cells remodel the protein scaffold, align, and fuse to form a 3D human muscle microtissue (hMMT). For the first 2 days of culture (Day −1, Day −2), tissues are maintained in growth media (GM). On Day 0, GM is removed from wells and replaced with differentiation media (DM). TGFBR1 inhibitor SB-431542 (SB43, 10 μM) was included in the DM on Days 0–2 (orange arrowheads) of culture. b Representative bright-field https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-inhibition-of-tgfbr2-function-in-differentiated-muscle-g524h3tv.png Fig. 5 Inhibition of TGFBR2 function in differentiated muscle cell enhances fusion. a qRT-PCR analysis of TGFβ target genes transcript expression in primary myocytes treated with TGFβ1 protein or ITD-1 compound proves that Smad7 and Klf10 are over-expressed when the signaling pathway is activated and inhibited when TGFβ cascade is blocked. N= 10 (Control), 8 (TGFβ1), and 8 (ITD-1) biologically independent experiments. b Nuclear p-SMAD2/3 and SMAD2/3 western blot analysis of primary myoblast treated with TGFβ1 protein, ITD-1 compound, or both combined. The intracellular mediators SMAD2/ 3 are phosphorylated upon TGFβ stimulation, while ITD-1 is able to reduce their phosphorylation. N= 3 biologically independent experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tgfb-signaling-pathway-remains-active-during-myoblast-3d23dix8.png Fig. 1 TGFβ signaling pathway remains active during myoblast differentiation. a qRT-PCR analysis of Tgfb1, 2, and 3 transcripts expression during in vitro differentiation of primary muscle cells shows different profiles. N= 3 biologically independent experiments for each time point. b qRT-PCR analysis of Alk5 and Tgfbr2 transcript expressions describes a constant expression of the receptors during primary muscle cell differentiation. N= 6 biologically independent experiments for each time point. c qRT-PCR analysis of the TGFβ target gene Smad7 transcript expression reveals a decreased activity of the pathway alongside in vitro primary muscle cell differentiation. N= 3 biologically independent experiments for each time point. d p-SMAD2/3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-live-imaging-of-myoblast-fusion-a-experimental-scheme-1ii5ldg7.png Fig. 6 Live imaging of myoblast fusion. a Experimental scheme. H2B-GFP primary myoblasts were seeded at low density (5000 cells/cm2), treated with TGFβ1 protein or ITD-1 compound, stained with SiR-Actin, and differentiated for 2 days. Membrane-tdTOMATO primary myoblasts seeded at low density (5000 cells/cm2) and were differentiated for 2 days. Both populations were split and co-cultured (50/50) at high density (75,000 cells/cm2) for 2 more days. In the last 40 h, cells were recorded live by confocal microscopy. b Live-imaging frames of co-cultured pre-differentiated myocytes confirm the phenotype previously observed. TGFβ activation inhibits fusion, while ITD-1 enhance fusion. N= 8 biologically independent primary co-cultures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-state-of-tgfb-signaling-during-in-vivo-muscle-15fpex5c.png Fig. 2 The state of TGFβ signaling during in vivo muscle regeneration. a–c p-SMAD3, PAX7, and DYSTROPHIN immunofluorescent stainings on 0-, 4-, and 7-day post injury (d.p.i.) regenerating TA muscle cryosections. SMAD3 signaling is active in interstitial cells and PAX7+ cells (white arrows) during muscle regeneration. p-SMAD3 is strongly expressed by myonuclei of the regenerating myofibers marked by DYSTROPHIN at 4 d.p.i. N= 8 cryosections. d p-SMAD3, MYOGENIN, and DYSTROPHIN immunofluorescent staining on 4 d.p.i. regenerating TA muscle cryosections. Myocytes do not express pSMAD3 at the time of differentiation. N= 8 cryosections. Scale bars: low magnification, 400 μm; high magnification, 100 μm. https://scispace.com/papers/tgf-b1-gdf-5-and-bmp-2-stimulation-induces-chondrogenesis-in-o7ktn7kwlr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-chondrogenic-gene-expression-hacs-and-hmscs-16tz2uyd.png Figure 2. Chondrogenic gene expression. hACs and hMSCs passaged prior to aggregate culture (P2/P3, respectively) and following aggregate culture in the absence of growth factors (CM) or in the presence of TGF-b1 (T), GDF-5 (G), or BMP-2 (B), and all resulting combinations. Primary hAC (P0 hAC) is presented as a control. Gene expression is presented relative to aggregate culture in the absence of growth factors (CM). As single factors, BMP-2 led to the greatest upregulation of chondrogenic gene expression in both cell types. Additionally, TGF-b1 significantly increased chondrogenic gene expression in hACs, while its effects were less robust in hMSCs. In both cell types, TGF-b1/GDF-5/BMP-2 combined treatment led to the greatest increase in chondrogenic gene expression. Data are presented mean6 SD. All groups not connected by a common letter are significantly different (p< .05). Abbreviations: hACs, human articular chondrocytes; hMSCs, human marrow-derived stromal cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hypertrophic-gene-expression-hacs-and-hmscs-36cs3ws6.png Figure 3. Hypertrophic gene expression. hACs and hMSCs passaged prior to aggregate culture (P2/P3, respectively) and following aggregate culture in the absence of growth factors (CM) or in the presence of TGF-b1 (T), GDF-5 (G), or BMP-2 (B), and all resulting combinations. Primary hAC (P0 hAC) is presented as a control. Gene expression is presented relative to aggregate culture in the absence of growth factors (CM). As a single factor, TGF-b1 led to the greatest upregulation of Col10A1 expression in both cell types. OC expression was not significantly altered in the presence of growth factors. Data are presented mean6 SD. All groups not connected by a common letter are significantly different (p< .05). Abbreviations: hACs, human articular chondrocytes; hMSCs, human marrow-derived stromal cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-histological-evaluation-of-constructs-at-2-weeks-q20l9939.png Figure 4. Histological evaluation of constructs at 2 weeks. hACs and hMSCs passaged prior to aggregate culture (P2/P3, respectively) and following aggregate culture in the absence of growth factors (CM) or in the presence of TGF-b1 (T), GDF-5 (G), or BMP-2 (B), and all resulting combinations. Picrosirius red was used to detect collagen, and Safranin-O/fast green was used to detect GAG. Scale bar5 500 lm. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect collagen I, II, and X. Scale bar5 200 lm. In hAC constructs, TGF-b1/BMP-2 and TGF-b1/GDF-5/BMP-2 led to the greatest increase in GAG and collagen II staining while TGF-b1/GDF-5/BMP-2 led to the greatest increases in hMSCs. Abbreviations: GAG, glycosaminoglycan; hACs, human articular chondrocytes; hMSCs, human marrow-derived stromal cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gross-morphology-and-histology-of-constructs-at-4-10l6mkjg.png Figure 5. Gross morphology and histology of constructs at 4 weeks. (A): hAC constructs demonstrated a flat, cylindrical morphology. hMSC constructs were misshapen and demonstrated evidence of matrix contraction. Morphology ruler segments: 1 mm. (B): Picrosirius red was used to detect collagen, and Safranin-O/fast green was used to detect GAG. Scale bar5 500 lm. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect collagens I, II, and X. Scale bar5 200 lm. For both cell types, constructs stained positively for GAG and collagens I and II. Collagen X was undetectable in hMSC constructs and minimally detectable in hAC constructs. Abbreviations: GAG, glycosaminoglycan; hACs, human articular chondrocytes; hMSCs, human marrow-derived stromal cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-matrix-content-and-mechanical-properties-of-1ca0t43n.png Figure 6. Matrix content and mechanical properties of constructs at 4 weeks. Data are presented mean6 SD. hMSC constructs were not testable (N.T.) in tension due to the gross morphology of the tissue. Abbreviations: hACs, human articular chondrocytes; hMSCs, human marrow-derived stromal cells; UTS, ultimate tensile strength. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-articular-chondrocyte-dedifferentiation-in-1do7pgxg.png Figure 1. Articular chondrocyte dedifferentiation in monolayer. Gene expression in serial passages is presented relative to expression in primary chondrocytes. Passage 1 (P1) and passage 2 (P2) cells demonstrate progressive loss in chondrogenic gene expression (Col2A1, SOX9, and ACAN) and an increase in fibroblastic gene expression (Col1A1). Hypertrophic genes (Col10A1, OC) decrease with passage. Data are presented mean6 SD. All groups not connected by a common letter are significantly different. https://scispace.com/papers/thalamocortical-and-intracortical-laminar-connectivity-2ll9k36dpj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spindle-activity-is-different-in-the-core-and-matrix-1t0aysn8.png Fig 3. Spindle activity is different in the core and matrix systems. (A, B) Space-time plots of activity in the thalamocortical network including the core system (A) and matrix system (B). (C) Average network activity (simulated LFP) filtered between 6–15 Hz was measured from 10 non-overlapping locations (each group contains 100 PYs) of the cortical network. Note, spindles occur more frequently (but less synchronously) in L3/4 (left) and less frequent (but more synchronous) in L5 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-thalamocortical-connectivity-on-spindle-2pgyk2m0.png Fig 5. Effect of thalamocortical connectivity on spindle properties. (A) Space-time plots of network activity in cortical layers for different fanout of the thalamocortical and corticothalamic connections. (B) Spindle density for different fanout conditions. The X-axis shows the ratio of thalamic projection fanout in the matrix system to that in the core system. The actual thalamocoritcal and corticothalamic radii for the different ratios (1,2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15) were 10/2/10/2 (core TC->L3/4, L6->core TC, matrix TC->L5, L5->matrix TC), 10/2/25/5, 10/2/50/10, 10/2/75/15, 10/2/100/20, 10/2/125/25, 10/2/150/30. (C) Violin plots showing the distribution of inter-spindle intervals as a function of thalamocortical fanout. (D, E) Probability of spindle co-occurrence between core and matrix, and spatial correlation as a function of synaptic fanout. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-observations-a-envelopes-of-spindle-band-rjqscc4b.png Fig 1. Experimental observations. (A) Envelopes of spindle-band (6-15Hz) activity in human MEG magnetometers, MEG gradiometers, and EEG. Within-modality channels are superimposed. Arrows indicate spindles that occur in MEG only, EEG only, and both MEG & EEG, in red, black, and blue, respectively. Note that EEG spindles are less frequent and have greater synchrony than MEG spindles. (B) Histograms of the inter-spindle intervals during stage 2 sleep show a non-normal distribution in the occurrence of spindles in both the MEG gradiometer and EEG channels. Compare with simulated data in Fig 4B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-interlaminar-connectivity-on-spindle-2evlvrys.png Fig 6. Effect of interlaminar connectivity on spindle properties. (A,B) Spindle density and probability of co-occurrence between the core and matrix as a function of strength of the AMPA and NMDA connections from L3/4 to L5. The value of 100% interlaminar connectivity corresponds to half of the intralaminar connectivity strength (within L3/4 and L5). (C, D) Spindle density and probability of co-occurrence as a function of the AMPA and NMDA connection strength from L5 to L3/4 neurons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-connectivity-in-the-thalamocortical-network-model-a-9kjo91p0.png Fig 2. Connectivity in the thalamocortical network model. A. The network architecture included three onedimensional network layers each containing cortical pyramidal neurons and inhibitory interneurons and two thalamic neuronal groups corresponding to the matrix and core systems. Green triangles indicate cortical pyramidal neurons, red circles indicate inhibitory interneurons, blue circles indicate thalamic relay neurons and yellow circles indicate thalamic reticular neurons. Lines ending with arrows indicate excitatory AMPA/NMDA connections while lines ending with bars indicate inhibitory GABAergic connections. B. Schematic connectivity for differences in the spatial extent of thalamocortical and corticothalamic projections for the core and matrix systems. https://scispace.com/papers/thc-modifies-the-impact-of-heroin-delivered-by-vapor-4pt3d1ufwy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-a-body-temperature-and-c-activity-rate-for-p4s1hj65.png Figure 1: Mean A) body temperature and C) activity rate for male Sprague-Dawley rats (N=6; ±SEM) after vapor inhalation of the propylene glycol vehicle (PG) or Heroin (50 mg/mL in the PG) for 30 minutes. Mean B) body temperature and D) activity rate for male Sprague-Dawley rats (N=8; ±SEM) after vapor inhalation of the propylene glycol vehicle (PG), Heroin (50 mg/mL in the PG), THC (50 mg/mL) or the combination (Heroin + THC) for 15 minutes. Open symbols indicate a significant difference from both the vehicle at a given time-point and the within-treatment baseline, while shaded symbols indicate a significant difference from the baseline, within treatment condition, only. A significant difference from the PG inhalation condition is indicated by *, a difference from the Heroin condition with §, a difference from the Heroin + THC conditions with &, and from all other conditions with #. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-sem-tail-withdrawal-latency-for-male-n-7-2j35wqpo.png Figure 6: Mean (±SEM) tail withdrawal latency for male (N=7) Sprague-Dawley rats after 30 minutes of heroin vapor exposure, following injection of saline or naloxone (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.). A significant difference across inhalation conditions is indicated with &, a significant difference from PG inhalation, within pre-treatment condition, is indicated with * and a difference from the Saline pre-treatment within inhalation condition with #. PG, propylene glycol. Heroin (100 mg/mL). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-mean-sem-tail-withdrawal-latency-for-all-rats-n-36djb11e.png Figure 7: A) Mean (±SEM) tail withdrawal latency for all rats (N=22) at three timepoints within each of four treatment conditions/sessions. The first injection of the session was either THC (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or the cannabinoid vehicle and the second injection was either saline or Heroin (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) for four total treatment conditions. B) Withdrawal latency for female (N=12) and male (N=10) subgroups. C) Withdrawal latency for subgroups of rats treated with repeated PG (N=12) or Heroin (N=10) vapor as adolescents. Within groups, a significant difference from the respective pre-injection baseline is indicated with *, a difference from the respective Vehicle or Saline condition with §, a difference from all other treatment conditions with #. A difference between groups is indicated with &. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-n-7-per-group-sem-body-temperature-a-b-and-eipmk8qv.png Figure 2: Mean (N=7 per group; ±SEM) body temperature (A, B) and activity rate (C, D) for female (A, C) and male (B, D) Sprague-Dawley rats after vapor inhalation of the propylene glycol vehicle (PG), Heroin (50 mg/mL in the PG), THC (50 mg/mL) or the combination of Heroin and THC (at 50 mg/mL each) for 30 minutes. N.b. there is a two fold difference in the scale of the activity in C and D, to accommodate the sex difference in activity rate. Open symbols indicate a significant difference from both the vehicle at a given time-point and the within-treatment baseline, while shaded symbols indicate a significant difference from the baseline, within treatment condition, only. A significant difference from the PG inhalation condition is indicated by *, a difference from the Heroin condition with §, a difference from the THC condition with %, a difference from the Heroin + THC conditions with &, and from all other conditions with #. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-sem-tail-withdrawal-latency-for-male-and-28mm81fq.png Figure 4: Mean (±SEM) tail withdrawal latency for male and female (N=7 per group) rats after vapor exposure. A significant difference from PG condition is indicated with * and a difference from the THC+Heroin condition with #. PG, propylene glycol. Heroin (50 mg/mL); THC (50 mg/mL). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-n-7-sem-a-temperature-and-b-activity-for-male-167aor8j.png Figure 5: Mean (N=7; ±SEM) A) temperature and B) Activity for male Sprague-Dawley rats after injection with either Saline or Naloxone (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) and propylene glycol (PG) or Heroin (HER; 100 mg/mL) vapor exposure for 30 minutes. Shaded symbols indicate a significant difference from the Baseline, within treatment condition. A significant difference of each of the heroin vapor conditions from each of the PG conditions is indicated with ‡. A significant difference from the PG inhalation condition (within pretreatment) is indicated by *, and a difference compared with all other conditions with #. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-mean-sem-tail-withdrawal-latency-in-a-group-n-10-1mw3uo0l.png Figure 8: A) Mean (±SEM) tail-withdrawal latency in a group (N=10) of female Wistar rats evaluated after no treatment (Baseline) or after injection with saline or heroin (0.1-0.56 mg/kg, s.c.). Mean (±SEM) tailwithdrawal latency in a group (N=10) of female Wistar rats evaluated before injection, then after either B) the 1:1:18 vehicle or C) THC 5 mg/kg, i.p., then after heroin. A significant difference from the saline condition is indicated by & and a difference from all other conditions with $. Within-session, a significant difference from the pre-injection value is indicated by * and a difference from the vehicle/THC injection with #. Across sessions, a significant difference from the saline (0.0) condition is indicated with & and from the 0.56 dose with $. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-sem-body-temperature-a-c-and-activity-rate-b-d-bouv5163.png Figure 3: Mean (±SEM) body temperature (A, C) and activity rate (B, D) for female (N=7; A, B) and male (N=6; C,D) Sprague-Dawley rats after injection of THC (10.0 mg/kg, i.p.), Heroin (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.), the 1:1:18 Vehicle or Saline in the indicated combinations. N.b. there is a two fold difference in the scale of the activity in B and D, to accommodate the sex difference in activity rate. Open symbols indicate a significant difference from both the vehicle at a given time-point and the within-treatment baseline, while shaded symbols indicate a significant difference from the baseline, within treatment condition, only. A significant difference of all treatment conditions from each other at a given time post-injection is indicated with @, a difference between all active drug conditions with § and a difference of each of the THC conditions from both of the Vehicle conditions with ‡. A significant difference from the PG inhalation condition (but not the baseline) is indicated by *, a difference from the Heroin condition with &, and from all other conditions with #. https://scispace.com/papers/the-100000-amp-dc-power-supply-for-a-staged-hadron-collider-1lejvszb4b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cell-schematic-3va17446.png FIGURE 1 Cell schematic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-accelerator-layout-3d6gx8qk.png FIGURE 3 Accelerator Layout https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-filter-schematics-1swhv19o.png FIGURE 2 Filter schematics. https://scispace.com/papers/the-1-28-ghz-meerkat-deep2-image-49wrft2m97 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-deep2-observation-summary-mi0ph40d.png Table 3 DEEP2 Observation Summary https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-noiseless-p-d-distributions-for-power-law-source-1k8nmj05.png Figure 12. Noiseless P(D) distributions for power-law source counts n(S) ∝ S− γ. The top panel shows γ>2 counts for which the sky brightness diverges (Olbers’s paradox), so the deflections are shown relative to the mean deflection á ñD . The bottom panel shows P(D) distributions for γ<2 relative to the absolute zero of the source sky. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-solid-black-curve-is-the-noiseless-p-d-xvdxsew5.png Figure 13. Solid black curve is the noiseless P(D) distribution rescaled for a θ=7 6 Gaussian beam and 1.4GHz source count n(S)=kS− γ=1.07×105S−1.52. The dotted parabola is the normalized probability distribution of the s m= -0.55 Jy beamn 1 Gaussian noise, and the blue curve is the convolution of the noiseless calculated P(D) distribution with the noise. The observed P(D) distribution in the central 1250″×1250″ (∼2.4×104Ωb) of DEEP2 is shown as the red curve. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-blue-and-red-curves-represent-the-brightness-n26r4cie.png Figure 18. Blue and red curves represent the brightness-weighted counts S2n (S) of SFGs (from Madau & Dickinson 2014) and AGNs (from Condon 1984), respectively. Their sum is shown by the black curve, which lies significantly below the observed counts from Figure 14 in the range [ ( )]- - S5 log Jy 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-all-nbl-2016-meerkat-baseline-298kxnnz.png Figure 1. Distribution of all Nbl=2016 MeerKAT baseline lengths, which range between 29 and 7698 m. Half of the baselines are between the 48 antennas in the densely packed 1 km diameter core. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-average-amplitude-of-cross-hand-polarization-1l4l2du4.png Figure 7. Average amplitude of cross-hand polarization visibilities (Horizontal×Vertical) from a 10-minute scan on PKS B1934−638 on two baselines. We chose to plot data from a cross-hand polarization, as this is more sensitive to polarized RFI signals. A short baseline (m000×m010; 319 m) is plotted in the top panel, and a long one (m059×m063; 7566 m) is shown in the bottom panel. The gray shaded areas in the top panel show the regions masked for all times on baselines shorter than 1000 m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-central-1degx1deg-of-the-wideband-deep2-sky-image-3nam42bc.png Figure 11. Central 1°×1° of the wideband DEEP2 sky image made with subband weights that maximize the S/N for sources with α=−0.7. The m- -1.4 Jy beam 1 bowl described in Section 4.5 has been removed from this image, and it has also been corrected for the primary-beam attenuation using Equation (19). The gray scale is stretched by an exponent of 1.3 between −15 and 30 μJy as indicated by the bar at the top. The dashed square in the center of the image bounds the 1250″×1250″ region whose P(D) distribution we used to calculate the power-law source count described in Section 5.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-deep2-1-278-ghz-source-counts-27c40cye.png Table 6 DEEP2 1.278 GHz Source Counts https://scispace.com/papers/the-13c-solid-dnp-mechanisms-with-perchlorotriphenylmethyl-4eowqqq6v2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dnp-spectra-in-the-range-of-10-50-k-of-radical-1-in-3og2287n.png Fig. 4: DNP spectra in the range of 10-50 K of Radical 1 in 13C glycerol-water (50/50), given with respect to 94.825 GHz shown in absolute enhancement (a) and normalized to ease comparison of the lineshapes (b). (c), (d) the same for Radical 2 in 13C Glycerol-water (50/50) given with respect to 94.878 GHz. The vertical lines represent the edges of the EPR spectrum. The irradiation times are specified in the experimental section and in Table 1. Typical 13C DNP spectra of Radical 1 and Radical 2 recorded at various temperatures are shown in Fig. 4 (a,c). These spectra were collected after MW irradiations times shorter than necessary for reaching steady state enhancements (see experimental section and Table 1). A few measurements carried out under steady state conditions showed that these lineshapes did not deviate from the steady state lineshapes. Maximum steady state enhancements of about 250 ± 20 were observed at 20 K with an irradiation time of TDNP ≈ 2800 s, which is significantly longer than the buildup time constant Tbu ≈ T1n ≈ 500s for both Radical 1 and Radical 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-dnp-spectra-of-radical-2-at-20-k-a-and-at-40-k-b-with-2uy69lz9.png Fig. 8: DNP spectra of Radical 2 at 20 K (a) and at 40 K (b) with the maximum MW power (black line, 𝝎𝟏/𝟐𝝅 ≈ 𝟎.𝟔 MHz), and comparison with the corresponding simulations with method I: SE in green, CE in blue, and sum in red. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-dnp-spectra-with-low-mw-power-black-line-mhz-and-3joenrne.png Fig. 9: DNP spectra with low MW power (black line, 𝝎𝟏/𝟐𝝅 ≈ 𝟎.𝟎𝟔 MHz), and simulations with method I: SE in green, CE in blue, and sum in red, (a) for Radical 1 at 10 K and (b) for Radical 2 at 20 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-temperature-evolution-of-the-contribution-of-se-2qpr0s69.png Fig. 7: The temperature evolution of the contribution of SE (black) and CE (red) to the DNP spectra. Full symbols correspond to Radical 1, open symbols for Radical 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-experimental-dnp-spectrum-for-radical-1-at-10-k-line-2jio1qxm.png Fig. 11: Experimental DNP spectrum for Radical 1 at 10 K (line + scatter) and DNP spectra simulated by method I (23% CE + 77% SE) (black line), by method II (red), which is the sum of all chlorine contribution (ortho, meta, 35Cl and 37Cl) and scaling of the quadrupole interaction by a factor of 1.1. The sum (1:1) of both mechanisms contribution to SE (77%) is represented by the blue line. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-maximum-enhancement-data-of-radical-1-and-2-2t81nf23.png Table 1: Maximum Enhancement Data of Radical 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-dnp-spectra-simulated-by-method-i-and-ii-for-radical-1ouildzv.png Fig. 10: DNP spectra simulated by method I and II for Radical 1 (a) SE-DNP spectrum obtained by method I (black), and the SE-DNP spectrum with method II after summing the contributions of the ortho and meta 35Cl isotope (red). In (b) same as (a) with the 37Cl isotope. In (c) the SE-DNP spectrum obtained after scaling the nuclear quadrupole principal values as noted on the figure; each spectrum represents the sum of the ortho and meta contributions of both isotopes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dnp-spectra-of-a-radical-1-at-10-k-high-mw-power-black-2nfcm5uy.png Fig. 5: DNP spectra of (a) Radical 1 at 10 K, high MW power (black, 𝝎𝟏/𝟐𝝅 ≈ 𝟎.𝟔 MHz) and low MW power (red, 𝝎𝟏/𝟐𝝅 ≈ 𝟎.𝟎𝟔 MHz); (b) Radical 2 at 20 K high MW power (black) and low MW power (red). The power is the same as in (a). https://scispace.com/papers/the-1980-pressure-response-and-flank-failure-of-mount-st-1jeupqm67z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-evolution-of-seismic-scaling-exponent-d-during-98albuef.png Fig. 4. Time evolution of seismic scaling exponent D during 1980 (a) over January–May; (b) end of March–May. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-section-through-a-hemispherical-edifice-o-2599xamp.png Fig. 5. Schematic section through a hemispherical edifice o external radius, b, overlying a gas-pressurised vertical conduit o radius, a . The conduit cap is harmonically pressurised as pa=pi+dpicos2pxt, generating a gas uplift force, P, and rearscarp gas, Fm g, or magma, Fm m, disturbing forces acting on the wings of a failing block of weight, W, and included sector angle, s, resting on a detatchment surface inclined at angle a to the horizontal. Failure initiates on release of the block toe, with failure retrogressing to un roof the pressurised core, resulting in the potential for spontaneous disintegration or a directed explosion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-variation-of-factor-of-safety-with-time-for-harmonic-1u53a4eb.png Fig. 6. Variation of Factor of Safety with time for harmonic pressurisation MPa, with a harmonic overpressure of 5 MPa. Edifice strength is charact shown. Interior inflation cycle is shown at the base of each figure. Top: infl The pressurisation cycle is synchronous with the response for high diffusi diffusivity, with jb103 m2/d. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-daily-distribution-of-low-frequency-events-triangles-3fojfpv3.png Fig. 3. Daily distribution of low-frequency events. Triangles mark very stro around Mount St. Helens) harmonic tremor. Arrow marks eruption onset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-daily-average-duration-magnitude-vs-time-during-31iyqdsi.png Fig. 2. The daily average duration magnitude vs. time during March to May 1980. Earthquakes with Mdz2.0 occur before the end of March. https://scispace.com/papers/the-1995-pilot-campaign-of-planet-searching-for-microlensing-1vclowg3m9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-elight-curves-total-magnidcation-as-a-function-of-time-1w50282m.png FIG. 1.ÈLight curves (total magniÐcation as a function of time) are shown for the 1995 real-time electronic alerts given by the MACHO and OGLE microlensing detection teams. Parameters for the light curves are taken from the MACHO alert web page. The 1995 PLANET pilot season corresponds to days 73 to 111 on this plot, during which time the majority of ongoing events were monitored. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-314lb8fr.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ehistogram-on-a-logarithmic-scale-showing-the-time-2to62o6c.png FIG. 2.ÈHistogram on a logarithmic scale showing the time between PLANET photometric measurements (per event) in 1995, all three stations combined. The shaded histogram shows the I-band sampling, which has a median value of about 1.65 hr ; the open histogram with a darker border shows the V -band sampling, with a median of about 7.42 hr. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-esame-as-but-for-the-v-band-data-from-all-sites-arefig-1pwxq2pm.png FIG. 8.ÈSame as but for the V band. Data from all sites areFig. 5, shown. For every plot, a small tick mark on the vertical axis represents 0.2 mag. No V -band data were obtained for MACHO 95ÈBLG-21. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-eplanet-dnding-charts-for-the-microlensing-delds-2a26641z.png FIG. 6.ÈPLANET Ðnding charts for the microlensing Ðelds monitored closely in the 1995 campaign ; the source star is indicated with an open circle. The logarithmic contrast has been chosen to emphasize faint stars in the Ðeld and to illustrate the crowding conditions for each event. The MACHO 95ÈBLG-21 Ðeld is 23A on a side and was taken in seeing. All1A.3 other images are 18A on a side and have seeing of North is up and1A.0È1A.1. east to the right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ecombined-i-band-light-curves-from-all-planet-sites-of-1fow520q.png FIG. 7.ÈCombined I-band light curves from all PLANET sites of the nine closely monitored events in the 1995 pilot season, and one extra event (MACHO 95ÈBLG-30) monitored by PLANET in additional observations later that year. The length of the error bar represents the formal DOPHOT error. All points are shown with no averaging or binning, so that the scatter gives a correct indication of the true uncertainty in the relative photometry. For every plot, a small tick mark on the vertical axis represents 0.2 mag. Abbreviated names for the events (e.g., MB9530\ MACHO 95ÈBLG-30) are used to enhance legibility. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-etotal-length-of-normalized-light-curve-g-sampled-by-34ohttzu.png FIG. 12.ÈTotal length of normalized light curve g sampled by PLANET during its pilot season, as a function of the normalized sampling interval (in units of The full curve shows all data ; the dashed curvet https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-rkd8pboz.png TABLE 4 https://scispace.com/papers/the-2015-regional-election-in-italy-fragmentation-and-crisis-2ehwhpqk7z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-volatility-in-1995-2010-and-2015-3jj6h58w.png Table 6. Volatility in 1995, 2010 and 2015 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-coalitions-participating-in-regional-elections-70rxrcsa.png Table 2. Main coalitions participating in regional elections from 2005 to 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overall-support-for-local-lists-in-the-seven-26qz9mju.png Figure 1. Overall support for local lists in the seven regions (1990–2015) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-voting-systems-in-the-seven-regions-involved-in-the-26ag6jj9.png Table 1. Voting systems in the seven regions involved in the 2015 election round https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-election-results-by-party-and-winning-coalitions-in-5ehpaur1.png Table 5. Election results by party and winning coalitions (in the last column). Difference with previous election in brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-declining-turnout-in-italian-regions-1990-2015-5u7bt8vt.png Table 4. Declining turnout in Italian regions 1990–2015 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-regional-representation-by-party-of-seats-2vg3ffxp.png Table 7. Regional representation by party (% of seats), fragmentation and disproportionality in newly elected councils (difference with previous election in brackets) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-local-lists-participating-in-regional-elections-from-clqwtq8t.png Table 3. Local lists participating in regional elections from 1990 to 2015 https://scispace.com/papers/the-30th-anniversary-of-the-supercomputing-conference-3jiblkm3h2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-supercomputer-evolution-events-3dxluwot.png Figure 3. Supercomputer evolution events. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-sc91-network-topology-between-pittsburgh-30u2grdn.png Figure 1. (a) SC91 network topology between Pittsburgh Supercomputer Center (PSC) and Albuquerque, New Mexico, for the remote visualization demonstration; (b) remote (show floor) user interface for a real-time visualization of the human brain using distributed https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-three-decades-of-performance-and-parallelism-growth-xrnvx5i2.png Figure 2. Three decades of performance and parallelism growth. While the Bell Prize winners demonstrated high degrees of parallelism, 1993 was the year a 1024 computer Thinking Machines CM5 dominated performance. https://scispace.com/papers/the-2014-tev-gamma-ray-flare-of-mrk-501-seen-with-h-e-s-s-5bemzqyxdq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-light-curve-used-for-fs-t-estimation-in-the-range-1-33pkql6q.png Figure 1. Light curve used for Fs(t) estimation in the range 1.3<E< 3.25 TeV. The thick line corresponds to the best fit and the thin ones correspond to the 1σ error envelope. The parameters of the fit function are shown in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-energy-spectrum-observed-from-the-flare-of-mrk501-1lgxvezp.png Figure 3. Energy spectrum observed from the flare of Mrk501. The best-fit EBL-attenuated power law is displayed by a solid line. The spectral points are obtained from residuals to the fit. A minimum significance of 3σ is required for each point. The red dashed line represents the expected spectrum for the same intrinsic shape but considering subluminal linear LIV with E EQG,1 Planck= . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-likelihood-function-obtained-from-mrk501-data-for-17na3034.png Figure 2. Likelihood function obtained from Mrk501 data for linear (left) and quadratic (right) models. The best-fit values τn,best are given with their 1σ errors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-function-fs-t-35v89um6.png Table 1 Parameters of the Function Fs(t) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ts-profiles-obtained-from-the-fit-of-the-flare-26plhzay.png Figure 4. TS profiles obtained from the fit of the flare spectrum to an intrinsic power law absorbed on the EBL model of Franceschini et al. (2008) for the case of subluminal linear Figure (4(a)) and quadratic Figure (4(b)) LIV perturbations. The black dashed line corresponds to the lower limit on EQG at the 95% confidence level. https://scispace.com/papers/the-3m-approach-to-cardiovascular-infections-multimodality-4g7975kmcz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-man-64-years-old-hiv-positivity-and-history-of-35h57wft.png Figure 12 Man, 64 years old. HIV positivity and history of drug abuse, previous liver transplantation and AAA treated with EVAR in 2014. In March 2015, the patient develop fever. ESR was moderately increased whereas CRP was negative. We first performed PET/CT (upper panel, A MIP images Discovery 710 PET/CT GE Healthcare). Images show an area of uptake linear and homogeneous all around the native aneurismatic vessel wall (B and C coronal and transaxial view, respectively; from left to right CT, emission and superimposed PET/CT). The finding suggested intense inflammation at the vascular wall, but no sign of focal uptake as in case of infection were evident. Within 5 days the patient underwent also radiolabelled WBC scan (lower panel, D, MIP images of the abdominal area, E and F coronal and transaxial view, respectively; from left to right CT, emission and superimposed SPET/CT) which resulted negative, confirming the PET/Ct findings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-man-70-years-old-with-infection-of-an-aorto-11jdaljw.png Figure 13 Man, 70 years old. With infection of an aorto-bisiliac graft, surgically removed and subsituted with axillary-bifemural graft in 2012. After surgery, the patient presented recurrent fever with dyspnoea, increased ESR and normal CT findings. PET/CT was performed 6 months after surgery (A, MIP images - Discovery ST PET/CT GE Healthcare) to evaluate possible source of infection. Images show an area of uptake at the right lung upper lobe (B, from top to bottom transaxial CT, emission and superimposed PET/CT images, respectively) and in the abdomen, just below the celiac tripod, at the vascular and perivascular space (C, from top to bottom transaxial CT, emission and superimposed PET/CT images, respectively), consistent with persistent infection. As collateral finding intense visualization of the left kidney and left ureter. Of interest, the pattern of uptake along the vascular graft is characterized by diffuse, linear and homogeneous uptake. This finding is due to foreiner body response and should not be confounded with infection. The patient was treated with antimicrobial treatment. After 3 years during follow-up echography showed periprotesic collections. The patient shortly after develop fever with increased ESR and PCR. Therefore, a new PET/CT scan was performed (A’ MIP images, Discovery 710 PET/CT GE Healthcare). Diffuse, linear and homogeneous uptake along the vascular graft is still present, but several areas of focal uptake are evident corresponding to perigraft collections at CT (D’, E’, F’ from top to bottom transaxial CT, emission and superimposed PET/CT images respectively). For comparison images obtained at the same level at the first Pet/CT are shown inD, E an F (from top to bottom transaxial CT, emission and superimposed PET/CT images, respectively) Based on the PET/CT result, antimicrobial treatment was initiated. The finding at the left kidney was unmodified. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-examples-of-different-pattern-of-uptake-in-patients-1d26xcej.png Figure 8 Examples of different pattern of uptake in patients with IE and spleen embolisms at [18F]FDG PET/CT ((Discovery 710 PET/CT GE Healthcare; A, upper panel superimposed PET/CT images, lower panel CT images) and radiolabelled WBC imaging (Infinia, GE Healthcare; B, upper panel superimposed SPET/CT images, lower panel CT images). At PET/CT spleen embolisms might presents increased homogeneous [18F]FDG uptake (A, left, upper panel) corresponding to a segmental wedge-shaped low-attenuation defect at TC (A left lower panel) or a rim of high uptake surrounding a wide photopenic area as consequence of colliquation (A, right lover panel), corresponding to a lowattenuation area at the CT images (A, right lover panel). At radiolabelled SPECT/CT imaging due to the physiological accumulation of the radiolabelled WBC in the spleen, the typical pattern of splenic embolism is a segmental wedge-shaped cold area (B, upper panel; lower panel the corresponding CT image). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-man-80-years-history-of-aortic-valve-replacement-1zdcputd.png Figure 7 Man, 80 years; history of aortic valve replacement with a biological prosthesis 3 years before. The patient developed fever, back pain, increased CRP and ESR, positive blood culture with isolation of Lactococcus garvieae. Ecocardiography was negative. [18F]FDG PET/CT shows a focal area of increased uptake the perivalvular region, at the upper-medial aspect (A, upper left panel transaxial emission and lower left panel coronal superimposed). In addition, whole body images demonstrate intense [18F]FDG at the spine, involving L2-L3 suggesting the presence of spondilodiscytis (A middle panel emission sagittal, right panel sagittal superimposed images). The finding was confirmed by MR (B, T2 weighted images in sagittal view) which shows oedema at the corresponding vertebral bodies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-18f-fdg-pet-ct-discovery-710-pet-ct-ge-healthcare-rgqg0aud.png Figure 9 [18F]FDG PET/CT (Discovery 710 PET/CT, GE Healthcare) images in a 36 years old women with severe aortic steno-insufficiency treated with aortic valve + ascending aorta replacement (St. Jude medical 25/28) 10 years ago. The patient developed hyperpyrexia with gastric pain and finger paresthesia and undervent empiric antimicrobial treatment. ESR and CRP were mild increased and blood culture was positive with isolation of Streptococcus infantarius. Echocardiography was negative. PET/CT was performed after 24 hours of LCHF diet. Images show suppression of myocardial [18F]FDG uptake. An area of uptake was found at the aortic valve prosthesis (B, transaxial view from left to right CT, emission and superimposed PET/CT) associate with linear and homogeneous uptake at the ascending aortic prosthesis (A, coronal view from left to right CT, emission and superimposed PET/CT). In addition, spleen uptake (C, transaxial view from left to right CT, emission and superimposed PET/CT) as well as at the rectal posterior-left wall (B, transaxial view from left to right CT, emission and superimposed PET/CT) were also found. The final clinical and histopathological findings confirmed the presence of IE with spleen embolism and rectal cancer. Due to the pattern of uptake the finding at the vascular thoracic aorta proathesis is considered aspecific. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-18f-fdg-pet-ct-scan-in-a-26-years-man-hiv-positive-3svh3iti.png Figure 1 [18F]FDG PET/CT scan in a 26 years man, HIV positive with Staphylococcus aureus sepsis. Echocardiography was negative. The patient was prepared with LCHF diet for 48hrs, resulting in a complete suppression of the myocardial [18F]FDG uptake. Normal pattern of uptake was found at the cardiac region (A, from left to right transaxial and coronal superimposed PET/CT). On the contrary, whole body images show metastatic infection at lung (B, transaxial supeimposed PET/CT at two different levels), mediastinal lymphnodes, bone (C, transaxial supeimposed PET/CT) and muscles (E, F, transaxial supeimposed PET/CT). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-man-74-years-abdominal-pain-increase-of-esr-and-1w7zcsv3.png Figure 14 Man, 74 years abdominal pain, increase of ESR and CRP. Empiric antimicrobial treatment was initiated. The patient suffers from IBD and was in treatment with steroids, in 2014, he underwenr apical left lung resection for SCLC and aorto-bisiliac endoprosthesis. Shortly after, the patient developed a pseudoaneurysm of the abdominal aorta above the endoprosthesis which was rapidly enlarging, that was treated with EVAR positioning. In the suspicion of infection, PET/CT was performed (Discovery 710 PET/CT GE Healthcare). Area of increased [18F]FDG uptake with focal pattern were found around the distal portion of the aorto-bisiliac endoprosthesis, both at anterior (A from left to right CT, superimposed PET/CT and emission images, respectively) and posterolateral aspects (B, C from left to right CT, superimposed PET/CT and emission images, respectively). ce-CT performed shortly after to follow-up the patients showed blushing of the contrast agent, as for prosthesis leakage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-woman-73-years-pm-since-3-years-and-fever-from-2g797uja.png Figure 10 Woman, 73 years PM since 3 years and fever from several weeks with mild increased CRP and ESR. Ecocardiography was negative. Antimicrobial treatment was initiated. PET/CT images (Discovery 710 PET/CT, GE Healthcare) show increased uptake of [18F]FDG around the pocket (A MIP images; B, transaxial images from left to right CT, emission and superimposed PET/CT). NAC images confirmed the uptake (B’, transaxial images). Infection involved also the intravascular portion of the electrocateters (C, transaxial images from left to right CT, emission and superimposed PET/CT) and the intracardiac portion of the electrocatetr (E, black arrow; coronal view from left to right CT, emission and superimposed PET/CT ), very limited in extension. This latter finding demonstrate the difficulties in identifing very small foci of infection around the catheters, particularly when the patient is under antimicrobial treatment. Increased [18F]FDG uptake in also present at mediastinal and left axillary lymph-nodes (D transaxial images from left to right CT, emission and superimposed PET/CT). Based on the scan results, the patient was treated with removal of the device and prolonged antimicrobial treatment. https://scispace.com/papers/the-2l1s-1l2s-degeneracy-for-two-microlensing-planet-16ryrax1r3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-best-fit-parameters-of-degenerate-models-of-kmt-2017-1tlhdqwi.png Table 1 Best-fit Parameters of Degenerate Models of KMT-2017-BLG-0962 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-best-fit-parameters-of-degenerate-models-of-kmt-2017-hla4h1vo.png Table 2 Best-fit Parameters of Degenerate Models of KMT-2017-BLG-1119 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-probability-distributions-of-the-lens-properties-1encpc6r.png Figure 8. Probability distributions of the lens properties for KMT-2017-BLG-0962. The top six panels show the probability distributions of the host mass (ML), the distance to the lens (DL), the physical Einstein ring radius (rE), and the lens-source relative proper motion (μrel) for the close and wide cases. These distributions are constructed from the Galactic prior with stellar remnant hosts. The bottom six panels show the probability distributions for the same lens properties, which are constructed from the Galactic prior without stellar remnant hosts. The solid and dashed vertical lines indicate the median value and 68% confidence interval (1σ uncertainty) of each property, respectively. The red and pink lines represent close and wide cases, respectively. The distributions in blue indicate the probability distributions including both the tE and θE constraints considering only luminous hosts. The distributions in green indicate the probability distributions excluding the θE constraint. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-aprx-models-2l1s-of-kmt-2017-blg-0962-the-top-3ujddy1b.png Figure 11. APRX models (2L1S) of KMT-2017-BLG-0962. The top panels show geometries of the APRX models for the close (left) and wide (right) cases with zoomed-in views of the caustic crossing and approach. The middle panels show the APRX model light curve (solid line) of the close case with a zoomed-in view where the part of the caustic crossing (left panels). The bottom panels show the APRX model light curve of the wide case. The zoomed-in view (right) shows the lightcurve part where the caustic approach. The bottom panels of each light curve show residuals between models and observations. The color scheme of the observations is identical to Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cumulative-kh2-difference-sdkh2-of-degenerate-6863imt4.png Figure 3. Cumulative χ2 difference (ΣΔχ2) of degenerate models with zoomed-in views for anomaly part of KMT-2017-BLG-1119. The top panel shows the ΣΔχ2 of total and each data set. The bottom four panels present zoomed-in views of anomaly parts with residuals of each model case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-combined-cmd-of-kmt-2017-blg-0962-left-and-kmt-2017-3d9yqtxw.png Figure 7. Combined CMD of KMT-2017-BLG-0962 (left) and KMT-2017-BLG-1119 (right), which are corrected for reddening. The green dots show the CMD of the Galactic bulge observed by the HST (Holtzman et al. 1998). The blue dots show the CMD of KMTNet constructed using pyDIA reductions. The gray dots show the KMTNet CMD dereddened and converted to the OGLE-III magnitude system. The red and black dots indicate the centroid of the red giant clump and the estimated source of each event, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-conceptual-geometries-of-the-1l2s-interpretation-2o7l54g0.png Figure 10. Conceptual geometries of the 1L2S interpretation. The left and right panels present the geometries of the A-type and B-type parameterizations, respectively. The blue text indicates parameters. The indices i=1 and 2 indicate the first source (S1) and second source (S2), respectively. The FSi and MSi denote the flux and mass of each source. “CM” denotes the barycenter (i.e., the center of mass) of the binary-source system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cfht-image-with-the-astrometric-offset-0-037-0-009-33gcqg82.png Figure 4. CFHT image with the astrometric offset (0 037±0 009) between the baseline object positions obtained from the CFHT image (cyan) and the KMTNet catalog (red) that is measured using the DIA. The green arrows indicate the north and east directions (top right) and a scale of ∼1″ (bottom left). https://scispace.com/papers/the-5-angstrom-projection-structure-of-the-transmembrane-1k691y69oa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-2-d-projection-map-at-7-0-ae-resolution-of-one-2fd8uzba.png Figure 3. (a) 2-D projection map at 7.0 AÊ resolution of one electron image of a frozen-hydrated IICMtl crystal, without any symmetry imposed. One IICMtl dimer is enclosed within a white box. (b) 2-D projection structure of IICMtl at 5 AÊ resolution, calculated by merging the data from two electron diffractograms and four electron images of frozenhydrated IICMtl crystals. One unit cell and the p22121 symmetry elements are shown. (c) Structure of a IIC Mtl dimer. In one monomer, the six main protein densities are labelled A to F. Methods: For determination of the structure factors the best micrographs were selected by optical diffraction and digitized with a Leafscan 45 CCD-array microdensitometer with a 10 mm step size, corresponding to 1.5 AÊ at the specimen level. Areas ranging up to 3584 3584 pixels in size, corresponding to 0.54 mm 0.54 mm at the specimen level were processed. Image processing was performed by combining the MRC suite of programs (Crowther et al., 1996) and a newly developed image processing package (W.K. & A.B., unpublished data), as follows: (i) for each individual image, phases were corrected for (CTF) effects and unbending was applied to correct for lattice distortions; (ii) four images were merged in p1 using the best image as a reference; (iii) p22121 symmetry was imposed to the merged data set. Electron diffraction patterns were processed by the MRC suite of programs (Baldwin & Henderson, 1984) as follows: (i) the radial background distribution was calculated and subtracted from the image; (ii) the intensities from two electron diffraction patterns were scaled using diffraction peaks present in both data sets and merged. Finally, the amplitudes calculated from the merged electron diffraction data set were scaled with those from the merged image data set, using peaks present in both data sets, and combined with the phases to calculate the ®nal map. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-fourier-transform-of-an-electron-image-of-a-2tuuihy7.png Figure 2. (a) Fourier transform of an electron image of a frozenhydrated IICMtl crystal. The a* and b* lattice vectors are indicated. The (ÿ2,8) re¯ection at 8.0 AÊ resolution is circled. (b) Background-subtracted electron diffractogram of a frozen-hydrated IICMtl crystal. The (2,18) re¯ection at 3.6 AÊ and the (45,1) re¯ections at 2.7 AÊ are circled, together with the (ÿ2,8) re¯ection also indicated in (a). Methods: Cryo-electron images were recorded using a Philips CM200-FEG equipped with a 14 bit 1000 1000 Gatan type 794 MultiScan CCD, operated at 200 kV. Selection of potentially good crystals was performed using an automated system of data acquisition recently developed (Oostergetel et al., 1998). Micrographs were recorded at a magni®cation of 66,000 and at 75-400 nm underfocus on AGFA scientia EM ®lms. Films were developed for 12 minutes in full-strength Kodak D-19 developer. Electron diffractograms were recorded with the CCD-camera at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV, a camera length of 880 mm and a 30 mm condensor aperture. A beam stop was used to prevent damage to the camera, and a selected area aperture, corresponding to a 1 mm size at the specimen level, was used to suppress satellite spots generated by the FEG tip in diffraction mode. An exposure time of 15 to 40 seconds was used, with an electron dose of about 1-4 e/AÊ 2. https://scispace.com/papers/the-60-kda-heat-shock-protein-hsp60-of-the-sea-anemone-3lw8fnw2ar 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-anemonia-viridis-seasonal-changes-in-hsp60-llrafb1m.png Figure 4. Anemonia viridis. Seasonal changes in HSP60 expression in subtidal sea anemones. A: Western blot analysis of HSP60 expression: comparison between August 1998 and October 1998 (control is chicken protein extraction, which contains HSP60). B: Relative levels of HSP60 expression (mean + SD, August 1998, n = 4; October 1998, n = 7; November 1998, n = 6; January 1999, n = 6; February 1999, n = 8; March 1999, n = 9), accompanied with SWT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-anemonia-viridis-the-influence-of-temperature-on-2y5y31vv.png Figure 5. Anemonia viridis. The influence of temperature on the expression of HSP60 (mean + SD, n = 5) under laboratory conditions. Specimens were incubated at 23°C or 31°C for 1 week. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-anemonia-viridis-expression-of-hsp60-in-specimens-1jdwfjyz.png Figure 3. Anemonia viridis. Expression of HSP60 in specimens from different depths of the same tidal pool in October 1998 (mean + SD, n = 2) and October 2000 (mean + SD, n = 9). Specimens were removed from 0.1–0.5-m depth (28°C) and from 0.5–1.2-m depth (23°C) during extreme and uncommon low tide. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-illustration-of-the-thermocline-in-a-8x6kak89.png Figure 2. Schematic illustration of the thermocline in a tidal pool during the October (1998 and 2000) extreme low tides. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-anemonia-viridis-identification-of-hsp60-by-western-u41equ7s.png Figure 1. Anemonia viridis. Identification of HSP60 by Western blot analysis. Specimens were incubated at 23°C in the laboratory (lanes b and d), exposed to 31°C heat shock in the field (lane c), and removed during extreme low tide in a tidal pool on April 1998 (lane e). Chicken embryo cell protein extraction containing HSP60 was used as a positive control (lane a). Molecular weight standards (lane Mw) are in kilodaltons. https://scispace.com/papers/the-70-kda-heat-shock-protein-hsp70-as-a-therapeutic-target-2nk45zo9fr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hsp70-modulation-immune-responses-signaling-3m2qe4xl.png Figure 3. Hsp70 modulation immune responses signaling pathways following brain injury. There are multiple sites where Hsp70 has been shown to play roles in modulating the inflammatory response. Many extracellular functions of Hsp70 appear to potentiate immune responses, whereas intracellular mechanisms of Hsp70 appear to be anti-inflammatory. MMPs = matrix metalloproteinase; TLR = toll-like receptors; iNOS = inducible nitric oxide synthase; NFkB = nuclear factor kappaB, IkB = inhibitor of kappaB, IKK = ikappaB kinase, MAPK = mitogen-activated protein kinase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hsp70-interrupts-trafficking-fas-of-dynamin-during-1qrsf86p.png Figure 2. Hsp70 interrupts trafficking Fas of dynamin during stroke. Stroke displays increasing membrane Fas expression, presumably because of its trafficking from the Golgi apparatus by dynamin. Fas ligand (FasL), also increased after stroke, binds Fas and activates caspase-8 through engagement of its adaptor molecule Fas associated death domain (FADD), which then leads to cell death through apoptosis. Induction of Hsp70 may prevent Fas membrane expression by interrupting dynamin. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-function-of-hsp70-in-suppressing-apoptosis-1mu926w9.png Figure 1. The function of Hsp70 in suppressing apoptosis after ischemic stroke. Hsp70 protect cytochrome c (Cyt C) release from mitochondria. Apoptosome formation is interrupted by Hsp70 binding to Cyt C and procaspase-9 (Casp 9). Hsp70 also prevents release of AIF and Samc/DIABLO from mitochondria. Hsp70 can also prevent the death receptor signaling pathway. Arrows indicated increased activity or amount, and the barred ends indicates steps that are interrupted or reduced when Hsp70 is induced. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-review-of-hsp90-antagonists-organized-according-to-3n4o0ohh.png Table 1. A review of Hsp90-antagonists organized according to structure. https://scispace.com/papers/the-7-13-march-2006-major-saharan-outbreak-multiproxy-1xmuwfg49k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-smectite-content-and-b-sr-sr-ratio-of-the-dust-3vv5gldb.png Figure 4. (a) Smectite content (%) and (b) Sr/ Sr ratio of the dust deposits throughout the March 7 - 13 event 2006. (c) Fresh-water diatoms Hantzshia amphioxys (solid line) and Aulacoseira granulata/gotzeana (dash line) relative abundances. The gray frame highlights the March 7-13 dust event. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-o-f-grain-size-distributions-o-f-min-1pa0x459.png Figure 3. Comparison o f grain-size distributions o f min eral dust deposited in the sediment trap before the event (dashed gray lines), during the event (dark lines) and after the event (gray lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-aerosol-optical-thickness-at-440-nm-solid-bars-lwarhu94.png Figure 2. (a) Aerosol optical thickness at 440 nm (solid bars) and Ängström exponent (0440/870) (dash bars) from Feb. Twenty-three to May 25 2006 (AERONET database at http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/). (b) Dust deposition flux: <73 /itn (dash line) and <30 //m (solid line) carbonate-free fractions and daily mean PM 10 concentration (//g.m 3) [Marticorena et ed., 2010]. The gray frame indicates the March 7-13 dust event, (c) Daily mean surface wind velocity (m.s ') [Marticorena et ah, 2010] and mean modal size of the dust deposits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-location-of-the-mbour-site-star-the-gray-areas-1bi8zic4.png Figure 1. (a) Location of the Mbour site (star). The gray areas represented the >15 annual mean Aerosol Index derived from TOMS after Goiidie and Middleton [2001]. Dotted lines represent the winter (January) and summer (July) ITCZ position. Countries are distinguished by letters: A (Algeria), C (Chad), Mai (Mali), Mau (Mauritania), Mor (Morocco), N (Niger), S (Senegal), WS (Western Sahara), (b) Picture of oiu Capyr-type trap. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-illite-kaolinite-ratio-versus-smectite-content-1ri90vq1.png Figure 5. (a) Illite/kaolinite ratio versus smectite content (%). The dotted line indicates the approximate limit between Saharan and Sahelian UK values as described by Scheuvens et al. [2009]. (b) eNd versus 87Sr/86Sr (error bars less than or equal to symbol size) during the study period. For Figiues 5a and 5b, samples from the March 7-13 event are labeled with the corresponding sampling dates. Arrows underline the chronological order of the samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tri-dimensional-air-masses-back-trajectories-352z42y4.png Figure 6. Tri-dimensional air masses back trajectories computed to end at approximately 400 m AGL above the Mbour station during the March 7-13 sampling period. Trajectories’ duration varies from 3 days at the beginning o f the time series to 6 days toward the end (diuations were adapted so that trajectories reached the continent’s hedges). Air mass latitude higher than 1500 m (dashed lines) are distinguished from lower transport (solid lines). Calculation was made using the HYSPLIT model (R. R. Draxler and G. D. Rolph, HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) Model, 2011, access via NOAA ARL READY Website http://ready.arl.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT.php; G. D. Rolph, Real-time Environ mental Applications and Display system (READY) Website, http://ready.arl.noaa.gov). Background map shows the annual mean Aerosol Index (AI) values >15 from TOMS data (1980-93, 1997-2000) (adapted from Goudie and Middleton [2001]). https://scispace.com/papers/the-71ga-3he-t-reaction-and-the-low-energy-neutrino-response-1bqpzrs9ab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-ratio-of-the-number-of-71ge-atoms-produced-t8kx8ocv.png Table 1 The ratio of the number of 71Ge atoms produced during the neutrino activation to the number calculated using neutrino cross sections. The SAGE experiment has used two different neutrino sources, 37Ar and 51Cr. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-neutrino-energies-and-branching-ratios-from-the-25the7uw.png Table 2 Neutrino energies and branching ratios from the electron capture of 51Cr [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-angular-distribution-for-the-transition-to-the-ias-at-mowugkno.png Fig. 3. Angular distribution for the transition to the IAS at 8.913 MeV. A slightly improved fit to the data was achieved by adding a 1% [110] contribution to the IAS excitation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-various-low-energy-cross-sections-and-b-gt-values-2xsxkdhc.png Table 3 Various low-energy cross sections and B(GT) values for the 71Ga(3He, t)71Ge reaction. The values for the Fermi transition to the IAS have been included. The errors are statistical errors only, whereby we conservatively added 50% of the non-GT, resp. non-F component of the calculated q= 0 cross section into the error calculations for the B(GT), resp. B(F) values. The g.s. B(GT) value and the B(F) value are, however, reference values, whose error numbers (given in curly brackets) enter into the evaluation of the effective interaction volume integrals (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-excitation-energy-spectrum-of-the-71ga-3he-t-71ge-34hk6f95.png Fig. 1. Excitation-energy spectrum of the 71Ga(3He, t)71Ge reaction at 420 MeV. The inset shows the isobaric analog resonance at 8.913 MeV. Note the change of energy scale above 5 MeV excitation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-angular-distributions-for-the-71ga-3he-t-71ge-reaction-33q3b5xa.png Fig. 2. Angular distributions for the 71Ga(3He, t)71Ge reaction. The three transitions to the ground state, the 175 keV and the 500 keV states in 71Ge are the relevant ones, which can be populated by neutrinos from 51Cr decay. The various curves denote the incoherent contributions from the different projectile/target angular-momentum transfer combinations [ Jpro J tar J rel]. The [110] contribution near zero degree reflects the strength of the GT transition. For the transition to the 175 keV state an attempt was made to describe the data without the [110] amplitude. https://scispace.com/papers/the-abacus-a-new-architecture-for-policy-based-authorization-176a5007yb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-moore-s-medallion-shows-that-authorization-3n8djhxn.png Figure 1. General Moore's Medallion shows that authorization policies should protect every aspect of a domain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-existing-authorization-architecture-2otdtcxr.png Figure 2. Existing authorization architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-abacus-2uhvzoki.png Figure 3. The Abacus https://scispace.com/papers/the-ability-of-animal-studies-to-detect-serious-post-2atmoj4zvm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-of-serious-adverse-reactions-and-small-1xk38x11.png Fig. 1. Distribution of serious adverse reactions and small molecules over anatomical therapeutic chemical class. SAR, serious adverse reaction; SM, small molecule; nSAR = 93; nSM = 43. https://scispace.com/papers/the-ability-of-current-statistical-classifications-to-4whlc10p8p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-share-of-activities-listed-as-production-by-1nimagvv.png Table 2: Share of activities listed as production, by industries and size groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-share-of-activities-listed-as-services-by-industries-1sw9entq.png Table 1: Share of activities listed as services, by industries and size groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plot-of-share-of-service-activities-against-nace-3i6m8f57.png Figure 1: Plot of share of service activities against NACE codes https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-secondary-industry-codes-by-industries-share-of-6lez7wc6.png Table 4: Secondary industry codes by industries’ share of firms listing minimum of 2 NACE codes https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-means-of-the-share-of-activities-listed-as-services-1t3bopqz.png Table 3: Means of the share of activities listed as services, by industries and size groups https://scispace.com/papers/the-ability-of-hepascore-to-predict-liver-fibrosis-in-3ot91en5ub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-validated-cut-points-of-hepascore-by-included-3b8mla20.png Table 3. Validated cut points of Hepascore by included studies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sensitivity-analysis-of-study-characteristics-sjt082xp.png Table 4. Sensitivity analysis of study characteristics. https://scispace.com/papers/the-absorption-and-excitation-spectroscopy-of-matrix-mqy1jpt0bi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-site-sizes-ref-31-in-angstrom-units-a-for-the-xmv6ts8m.png TABLE II. Site sizes~Ref. 31! in angstrom units~Å! for the spherically symmetric single substitutional~ss! and tetravacancy (Tvac) site types in the solid rare gases. The polarizabilities of the rare gases,a, used in generating the plots of matrix shift vs polarisabilities are given in Å3 volume units. The ground state bond lengths of the known M(4s2 1S0)•RG diatomics~M5Ca and Zn! are also presented. The values for the Mg(3s2 1S0)•RG diatomics are intermediate between the Ca and Zn extremes and are selected to obtain estimates of the unknown Mn(4s23d5 6S5/2)•RG bond lengths. https://scispace.com/papers/the-abm-parton-distributions-tuned-to-lhc-data-1izcg9wizz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-the-same-as-in-fig-2-1-for-the-pulls-of-the-hera-29g0ruky.png Figure 2.2: The same as in Fig. 2.1 for the pulls of the HERA inclusive combined data [13] binned in Bjorken x versus momentum transferQ2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-9-the-same-as-tab-3-8-for-a-running-massmt-mt-162-1nu382v4.png Table 3.9:The same as Tab. 3.8 for a running massmt(mt) = 162 GeV in theMS scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-8-the-total-cross-section-for-top-quark-pair-2hr0lbz3.png Table 3.8:The total cross section for top-quark pair-production at NNLO [pb] using a pole massmt(pole)= 171 GeV and the PDF sets ABM11 and ABM12 and with the errors shown asσ+∆σscale+∆σPDF. The scale uncertainty∆σscaleis based on maximal and minimal shifts for the choicesµ =mt(pole)/2 andµ = 2mt(pole) and∆σPDF is the 1σ combined PDF+αs error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-the-same-as-in-fig-3-1-for-the-1s-band-obtained-30n936qi.png Figure 3.2:The same as in Fig. 3.1 for the 1σ band obtained in the variant of the ABM12 fit without the LHC DY data included (shaded area) and the relative change inthe ABM12 PDFs due to the LHC DY data obtained with one (solid line) and two (dashes) iterations of the fast algorithm used to take into account the DY NNLO corrections. The dotted lines display 1σ band for the ABM12 PDFs obtained with one iteration of the algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-summary-of-recent-nnlo-and-n3lo-qcd-analyses-of-2hcir7wv.png Table 3.1:Summary of recent NNLO and N3LO QCD analyses of the DIS world data, supplemented by related measurements using a series of other processes and lattice determinations. In case that jet data from hadron colliders are used in the analysis the values ofαs(MZ) cannot be considered NNLO values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-the-same-as-in-fig-2-3-for-the-charged-muons-2j2vsgy6.png Figure 2.4:The same as in Fig. 2.3 for the charged muons rapidity distributions obtained by LHCb [15]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-the-atlas-data-14-on-the-rapidity-distribution-of-2x9ptdea.png Figure 2.3:The ATLAS data [14] on the rapidity distribution of charged leptons produced in the decays of W−- andW+-boson (left and central panel, respectively) and charged lepton pairs from the decays ofZ-boson (right panel) in comparison with the NNLO calculations based on the ABM11 PDFs (solid curves) taking into account the uncertainties due to PDFs (grey area). The dashed curves display the ABM12 predictions. The cuts on the lepton transverse momentumPlT and the transverse massMT imposed to select a particular process signal are given in the corresponding panels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-6-the-lo-nlo-and-nnlo-qcd-predictions-for-thett-14pfrf1p.png Figure 2.6:The LO, NLO and NNLO QCD predictions for thett̄ total cross section at the LHC ( https://scispace.com/papers/the-accessibility-of-american-catholic-secondary-schools-to-2qv44xnjv8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-3h8tjy5i.png Table 9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-21yz29h0.png Table 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-10o1k5vc.png Table 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-35zd1zoi.png Table 10 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-3fwybh6k.png Table 11 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pvsz22rs.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-127moolz.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-2hg0wtgc.png Table 8 https://scispace.com/papers/the-accuracy-of-electoral-regulations-the-case-of-the-right-37gybpkmgt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-restrictions-on-voting-rights-23oi04hu.png Table 1 Restrictions on voting rights https://scispace.com/papers/the-accuracy-of-genomic-prediction-between-environments-and-5d8hgkx15b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plot-of-genomic-selection-gs-accuracy-between-15bwj7u4.png Fig. 3. Plot of genomic selection (GS) accuracy between populations using data from all traits regressed onto the average accuracy of the trait within the elite and yield populations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-variance-components-their-significance-and-entry-e0ch67ov.png Table 3. Variance components, their significance, and entry mean broad-sense heritability (H) from the ANOVA of the yield panel (YP). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-accuracy-of-genomic-selection-between-the-elite-1ishd9to.png Table 6. Accuracy of genomic selection between the elite population (EP) and the yield population (YP) using two models, g + e and g + e + ge. For each trait the EP and the YP were each used as either the training population (TP) and as the validation population (VP). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-plot-of-the-first-two-principal-component-scores-for-a-2t8r6w8u.png Fig. 1. Plot of the first two principal component scores for (a) the lines within the yield panel population (YP) and (b) within the elite panel (EP) and YP populations using data from 3537 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers. The plot of principal component analysis (PCA) for within the EP was reported by Huang et al. (2016). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cluster-assignment-of-environments-using-wards-33un3lif.png Table 1. Cluster assignment of environments using Wards minimum variance method and the matrix of genotype ́ environment interaction values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plot-of-the-genomic-selection-accuracy-between-2d3vpm50.png Fig. 2. Plot of the genomic selection accuracy between clusters of environment within a population for grain yield, using subset of data (P0.05 = set of only significant markers; PVAR10 = set of significant and stable markers) compared with using all marker data within the elite panel (EP) and yield panel (YP) populations. *** An estimate of accuracy that is significantly (p < 0.001) different from the accuracy obtained using all marker data. The p values were adjusted to account for multiple comparisons within each population. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-the-subsets-of-training-population-eb3ghosv.png Table 2. Description of the subsets of training population data. https://scispace.com/papers/the-acetylene-inhibition-technique-to-determine-total-4cec94cw1w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-temporal-concentration-evolution-of-an-extended-xp2z8u03.png Fig. 2. Temporal concentration evolution of an extended measurement with four soil samples after C2H2 was injected (not shown). The dashed and dotted lines indicate the two ways calculating the slope for flux calculations. The concentration at pointS was corrected for mixing effects. The ellipse illustrates the problem of carry-over effects; although N2O is produced in sample 4 (evidenced by the increased concentration since the previous flux measurement), no concentration increase could be measured directly during the current run. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-time-series-of-n2o-chamber-fluxes-measured-in-the-ivpv7uef.png Fig. 5. (a)Time series of N2O chamber fluxes measured in the field, (b) from samples measured by AIT from different soil depths,(c) and ammonium (NH+4 ) and nitrate (NO − 3 ) concentrations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-co2-fluxes-from-c2h2-free-soil-samples-2jqhrijv.png Fig. 6. Comparison of CO2 fluxes from C2H2-free soil samples incubated in the laboratory to 50 % ecosystem respiration fluxes (assumed to be commensurate with soil respiration) measured in the field. Data and error bars are means and standard deviations (x̄±sd). The outer lines show slopes of 0.5 and 1.5. The black solid line is the linear regression. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-n2o-fluxes-measured-in-the-field-in-relation-to-1bchc1ql.png Fig. 7. N2O fluxes measured in the field in relation to measured water-filled pore space (WFPS) at−5 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-of-a-1-5-yr-n2o-flux-measurement-period-over-2e1lkco2.png Fig. 3. Results of a 1.5-yr N2O flux measurement period over intensively managed grassland in Oensingen (CH). Management events are shown in the top panel.(a) Air temperature and soil temperature at−5 cm.(b) Daily rainfall amount [mm] (bars) and measured WFPS [%] (line) at−5 cm, field capacity is indicated as dashed line.(c) Mean N2O fluxes [g N2O-N m−2 d−1] measured by static chambers in the field. Error bars are standard deviations.(d) Same data as(c) on a different scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-four-typical-measurement-periods-a-moderate-n2o-peak-oqhsnrn5.png Fig. 4. Four typical measurement periods.(a) Moderate N2O peak triggered by rain following application of mineral fertiliser.(b) Background N2O exchange from wet to dry conditions, with indication of small uptake.(c) Double N2O emission peak after slurry application (first peak nitrification, second peak denitrification).(d) Background N2O fluxes above field capacity. The horizontal dashed line indicates field capacity (∼70 %). Note the different scales of the axis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-flux-measurement-results-range-and-log-1odstp4o.png Table 1. Summary of flux measurement results. Range and log-transformed means of N2O fluxes from C2H2-free and C2H2-treated measurements and corresponding daily chamber N2O fluxes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-instrumental-set-up-photoacoustic-ir-gas-analyser-2fsszzge.png Fig. 1. Instrumental set up: photoacoustic IR gas analyser (Innova 1312, left) or alternatively a gas chromatograph (SRI 8610C GC, right) measures concentration increases of up to seven soil samples in rotation. https://scispace.com/papers/the-acylation-of-propene-by-acetic-acid-over-h-fe-zsm-5-and-3yjdz4dm8c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-2d4x79d6.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2ughj781.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-catalytic-activity-of-h-al-zsm-5-and-h-1keim04a.png Table 1. Comparison of catalytic activity of H-[Al]ZSM-5 and H-[Fe]ZSM-5 for propylene with acetic acid reaction at different temperatures. Propylene partial pressure = 60 Torr, acetic acid partial pressures = 30 Torr, reactants total flow rate = 50 ml/min and catalyst weight = 2.35 gr. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-3agqysgx.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2iqphhx7.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/papers/the-acs-lcid-project-vi-the-star-formation-history-of-the-3a0wvtqfxy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cmd-of-tucana-and-cetus-obtained-with-daophot-note-57hs8b13.png Figure 2. CMD of Tucana and Cetus obtained with DAOPHOT. Note that the color of the bluest HB stars is similar in both galaxies, but the number of blue HB stars is significantly higher in Tucana than in Cetus. The RGB bumps are also obvious features in both galaxies as indicated by the arrows on the right side of the RGBs. The arrow on the left side of the Tucana RGB mark the AGB clump (Monelli et al. 2010a). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-integrated-quantities-derived-for-the-tucana-dsph-1w94pwgv.png Table 1 Integrated Quantities Derived for the Tucana dSph https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-results-of-the-tests-performed-recovering-the-sfh-2xzwfhe7.png Figure 8. Results of the tests performed recovering the SFH of two mock populations. The left panel compares the Tucana ψ(t) with that of three mock bursts at different ages. The central and right panels compare it with Gaussian profile ψ(t) laws of different σ and mean age. These comparisons disclose that the bulk of the star formation in Tucana occurred between 13.5 and 12 Gyr ago, suggesting that we cannot put firm constraints on the effect of the reionization in this galaxy. Nevertheless, these tests strongly suggest that Tucana could not undergo strong star formation at epochs younger than 12 Gyr ago, although some residual star formation is still compatible with the observed ψ(t). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-the-observed-left-and-best-fit-center-1b32jklq.png Figure 7. Comparison of the observed (left) and best-fit (center) CMDs. The latter was derived by extracting random stars from the model CMD used to derive the solution, in such a way that each simple population contributes proportionally to the calculated SFR. The black lines in the left panel mark the position of the four bundles adopted to derive the solution. The right panel shows the residual Hess diagram (calculated as observed–model), shown in units of Poisson errors. The figure discloses an overall general agreement between the observed and the best-fit CMDs, particularly in the whole TO region used to calculate the SFH. The discrepancy at the faintest magnitude is due to the limiting magnitude of the model CMD. Note that such a discrepancy does not affect the portion of the CMD included in the bundles. The differences in the HB morphology are expected, since small differences in the adopted mass-loss prescription along the RGB have a big impact on the HB morphology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-of-the-tucana-left-and-cetus-right-ps-t-s986ghkc.png Figure 10.Comparison of the Tucana (left) and Cetus (right)ψ(t) relations with those of Gaussian mock populations giving comparable solutions. The inferred underlying SFHs of Tucana and Cetus support the idea of an earlier and stronger first episode in Tucana. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-summary-of-the-results-obtained-with-different-1bxnyasl.png Figure 4. Summary of the results obtained with different techniques to derive the SFH. Top: comparison of the cumulative mass fraction derived from SFH obtained with the MinnIAC/IAC-pop method, using the BaSTI and the Padova library and applied to the DAOPHOT and the DOLPHOT photometry. Middle: same as in the upper panel, but the comparison shows the results from the three different SFH codes, applied to the DOLPHOT photometry in combination with the Padova/Girardi. Bottom: ψ(t) derived for the three solutions presented in the central panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-the-ps-t-top-age-metallicity-hdyx5nim.png Figure 9. Comparison of the ψ(t) (top), age–metallicity relations (middle), and cumulative mass functions of Tucana and Cetus. The epoch of peak star formation in Tucana is ∼1.0 Gyr earlier than in Cetus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stacked-drizzled-color-image-of-the-tucana-field-387zgrxy.png Figure 1. Stacked, drizzled color image of the Tucana field. North is up and east is left. The field of view is ∼ 3.′4 × ∼ 3.′4. The image shows a clear gradient in the number of stars when moving from the center to the outskirts. A sizable number of background galaxies are visible as well. https://scispace.com/papers/the-actin-nucleator-spir-1-is-a-virus-restriction-factor-2aqjf07y5w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-979-24fopp0q.png Fig 7 979 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-971-2sbucexq.png Fig 3 971 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-977-2krds3xh.png Fig 6 977 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5975-pgazxpbh.png Fig 5975 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4973-2a7znq25.png Fig 4973 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-969-3ed5nbun.png Fig 2 969 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1967-1aoq1q3l.png Fig 1967 https://scispace.com/papers/the-adaptation-of-dunes-to-changes-in-river-flow-3cuw2auqq0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-the-23-step-changes-and-the-observed-33n9i0by.png Table 2. Overview of the 23 step changes and the observed post-change morphodynamic responses 1458 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-24-investigated-flow-conditions-q-is-1irh0xw4.png Table 1. Overview of the 24 investigated flow conditions. Q is discharge, Hf is flow depth, ?̅? is depth-1454 average velocity, Fr is Froude number, Hd is average dune height, Ld is average dune length. 1455 https://scispace.com/papers/the-adaptation-of-east-asian-masters-students-to-western-4db69o4mde 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-middle-way-3h5e8ubd.png Figure 2: The Middle Way https://scispace.com/papers/the-advantage-of-segmentation-in-sar-image-compression-2fpz7m0hp1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mse-for-the-compressed-noisy-image-a-without-sdn2ywsv.png Figure 4: MSE for the compressed noisy image: (a) without filtering (b) with filtering. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-decoded-images-at-0-25-bit-pixel-2kgod1yq.png Figure 5: Decoded images at 0.25 bit/pixel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-original-and-noisy-image-2mnxwx2c.png Figure 1: Original and noisy image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-global-and-boundary-mse-for-noise-free-image-3c8ddndg.png Figure 3: Global and boundary MSE for noise-free image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reference-and-segmentation-based-encoding-schemes-953zul04.png Figure 2: Reference and segmentation-based encoding schemes. https://scispace.com/papers/the-age-dependent-relationship-between-resting-heart-rate-2qiaul94vd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-brain-regions-that-show-resting-heart-rate-n5k27r2n.png Table 3. Brain regions that show resting heart rate variability-related connectivity with the 399 bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in an exploratory seed-based functional 400 connectivity analysis. Thresholds: p < 0.001 at the voxel and p < 0.05 with family-wise error 401 (FWE) correction at the cluster level. 402 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-characteristics-for-each-age-group-for-2tdxww62.png Table 1. Participant characteristics for each age group. For continuous variables, data is 309 provided in means and standard deviations (in parenthesis). One-way ANOVAs were used to 310 detect age group differences. 311 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-brain-regions-that-show-significant-increases-or-11bb5eu6.png Table 2. Brain regions that show significant increases or decreases in eigenvector centrality 362 with heart rate variability (HRV). Thresholds: p < 0.001 at the voxel and p < 0.05 with 363 family-wise error (FWE) correction at the cluster level. 364 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-association-between-resting-heart-rate-variability-hrv-3bf7xktx.png Fig. 1. Association between resting heart rate variability (HRV), measured as root mean square 353 of successive differences (RMSSD), and eigenvector centrality (EC). A) The interaction 354 between age group and HRV was significant in the bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex 355 (vmPFC; MNI coordinates: [0, 57, -6], k = 62, F = 10.79, pFWE = 0.006), displayed at x = -3. 356 B) An increased EC in the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC; MNI coordinates [6, -54, 357 36], k = 204, T = 5.29, pFWE < 0.001) across all age groups, displayed at x = 6. Results are 358 shown at a voxel threshold of p < 0.001 with family-wise error (FWE) correction with p < 0.05 359 at the cluster level. 360 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-association-between-resting-heart-rate-variability-hrv-3dpltrb8.png Fig. 2. Association between resting heart rate variability (HRV), measured as root mean square 389 of successive differences (RMSSD), and brain function in an exploratory seed-based functional 390 connectivity analysis originating from bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). A) 391 The interaction between age group and HRV was significant in the right cerebellum (MNI 392 coordinates [33, -42, -45], k = 46, F = 15.19, pFWE < 0.001), displayed at x = 33. B) An 393 increased functional connectivity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC; MNI 394 coordinates [-30, 54, 12], k = 67, T = 4.10, pFWE = 0.032) was found across all age groups, 395 displayed at z = 12. Results are shown at a voxel threshold of p < 0.001 with family-wise error 396 (FWE) correction with p < 0.05 at the cluster level. 397 https://scispace.com/papers/the-adoptive-transfer-of-bcg-induced-t-lymphocytes-49zfm8urrq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-bcg-naive-mice-showed-reduced-levels-of-anxiety-w9pvwwsz.png Fig 1. The BCG->naive mice showed reduced levels of anxiety-like behavior in the EPM and OFT. Bars represent the average amount of time spent in open arms, in close arms, at the ends of open arms and at the center of each group of mice for the EPM (A-D). Bars represent the average amount of time spent in corners and central areas and the distance travelled by each group of mice for the OFT (E-G). Data represent means ± SEM. �p< 0.05, ��p< 0.01; n = 5-12/group (because the nude mice have low immunity and are prone to death, the number of mice in the study ranges widely). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-infiltration-of-t-lymphocytes-in-the-meninges-and-3ojzi25z.png Fig 6. The infiltration of T lymphocytes in the meninges and brain parenchyma after the adoptive transfer of BCG-induced T lymphocytes (A-E). Representative confocal micrographs of CD3+ lymphoid cells in the brain slice (A), the choroid plexus (ChP) (B) and the third ventricle (C). Numerous CD3+ and CD4+ lymphoid cells were found in the dura mater while few CD8+ lymphoid cells were found (D, E). Scale bar: 100 μm in A; 20 μm in B-E. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-bcg-naive-mice-showed-increased-levels-of-25nimtiq.png Fig 2. The BCG->naive mice showed increased levels of hippocampal neurogenesis (A-F). Representative confocal micrographs of BrdU+-and Dcx+- labeled cells of the DG for each group of mice (A-D). Bars represent average values (mean ± SEM) for BrdU+- or Dcx+-labeled cells of each group (E-F). �p< 0.05; ���p< 0.001; n = 6/group. Scale bar: 50 μm in A-D. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-bcg-naive-mice-altered-serum-cytokine-levels-bars-4s0pznkh.png Fig 5. The BCG->naive mice altered serum cytokine levels. Bars denote IFN-γ, IL-4, TNF-α and IL-1β levels for each group. A statistical analysis was performed on primary values of levels between the two groups. Data denote means ± SEM. �p< 0.05; ���p< 0.001; n = 5-6/group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-bcg-naive-mice-showed-more-cd4-in-spleen-and-d29vlcnc.png Fig 3. The BCG->naive mice showed more CD4+ in spleen and peripheral blood (A-H). FACS: the proportion of CD3+ cells in spleen and peripheral blood for each group (A-B); the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in spleen and peripheral blood for each group (C-D); bars denote the proportion of CD3+ and CD4+to total lymphocytes found in the spleen and peripheral blood of each group (E-H). �p< 0.05, ��p< 0.01; n = 6/ group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-differentiation-of-cd3-t-lymphoid-cells-in-wild-22aeqmj8.png Fig 4. The differentiation of CD3+ T lymphoid cells in wild type mice after BCG vaccination (A-I). No significant differences in the percentage of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+T cells were observed in WT mice after BCG vaccination (A, B, D-F). Different activation status of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the spleen of WT mice after BCG vaccination. (C, G, H, I). Data represent means ± SEM. �p< 0.05, ��p< 0.01; n = 6-7/group. https://scispace.com/papers/the-age-related-changes-and-sex-difference-in-master-5896fvhe5u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sex-difference-in-speed-in-freestyle-swimming-by-age-36cuxpx0.png Fig. 2. Sex difference in speed in freestyle swimming by age group (from 25–29 to 100–104 years) and distance (50–1500m) inmen and women. The figure is drawnwith data onmaster world records fromhttp://archives.fina.org/database/main/records.php (access date 1/11/2018). R2 coefficient of determination refers to fourth degree polynomial regression. The sex difference was calculated using the formula “100 (speed in men – speed in women)/speed in women”. The figure was created using GraphPad Prism v. 7.0 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, USA). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-speed-in-freestyle-swimming-by-age-group-from-25-29-to-qt7ae2p7.png Fig. 1. Speed in freestyle swimming by age group (from 25–29 to 100–104 years) and distance (50–1500m) in men and women. The figure is drawnwith data onmaster world records from http://archives.fina.org/database/main/records.php (access date 1/11/2018). R2 coefficient of determination for fourth degree polynomial regression ranged from 0.99 to 1.00. The figure was created using GraphPad Prism v. 7.0 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, USA). https://scispace.com/papers/the-age-spread-of-quiescent-galaxies-with-the-newfirm-medium-3yxqfr5k6z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-observed-green-and-intrinsic-black-scatter-in-the-3lz37haa.png Figure 3. Observed (green) and intrinsic (black) scatter in the rest-frame U−V colors of the most massive, quiescent galaxies selected by their extinctioncorrected U−V colors. The scatter due to measurement errors (blue) is subtracted from the observed scatter in quadrature. The vertical black error bars mark the 68% confidence intervals due to photometric errors and the gray filled region indicates howσU−V changes when we raise and lower the horizontal selection limit in Figure 1 by±0.2 mag. The dashed line is the expected evolution of the intrinsic scatter due to passive evolution for galaxies that started forming stars at z= 3 with a characteristic timescale for transformation into an early-type galaxy of 1.4 Gyr, with a large burst of star formation before transforming. The observed U−V data points used to calculate the color scatter as a function of redshift are plotted in the bottom panel. We find that the scatter in U−V increases toward higher redshift, where the intrinsic scatter is significantly higher than the scatter introduced by photometric and systematic errors at z ∼ 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-fraction-of-massive-galaxies-1011-m-that-are-7knk3pyr.png Figure 9. Fraction of massive galaxies (>1011 M ) that are quiescent (black squares) and still star forming (green stars). Additionally, the quiescent galaxies are broken down by those old galaxies that have stellar populations >1.5 Gyr (red circles) and those that are younger with ages <1.5 Gyr (blue triangles), as derived from the SED modeling described in Section 2. The black dashed line is the expected evolution of the fraction of early-type galaxies from passive evolution given the observed scatter in U−V. At z ∼ 1.5–2, roughly half of the most massive galaxies are quiescent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-simulated-fluxes-of-a-single-age-stellar-27beju9v.png Figure 14. Simulated fluxes of a single-age stellar population (black model) with scatter due solely to photometric errors. The error bars had to be scaled up by a factor of 8 to measure a scatter in U−V comparable to our results. The red and blue models are the median spectral synthesis models of the composite rest-frame SED shown here as points. The reddest and bluest quartiles in U−V are the red and blue points, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-composite-rest-frame-sed-of-massive-quiescent-2oqovag0.png Figure 13. Composite rest-frame SED of massive, quiescent galaxies from z = 0.2 to 2.2, selected based on their U−V and V− J colors. The reddest and bluest U−V quartiles are color-coded as red and blue, and the solid lines are the median best-fit templates as derived from the spectral modeling analysis. The sub-panels in each redshift range are the histograms of (U − V ′), U−V with the slope of the color–magnitude relation removed. The total number of galaxies in each bin is labeled in the top left of each panel. There is an even larger difference between the composite SEDs of the red and blue quartiles at z ∼ 2, compared to our more conservative sample in Figure 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-these-panels-contain-the-ages-of-quiescent-galaxies-3d5swbh9.png Figure 4. These panels contain the ages of quiescent galaxies (as derived from spectral synthesis models in Section 3.2) as a function of rest-frame U−V color, in four redshift bins. The reddest and bluest U−V quartiles are denoted by the colors red and blue, respectively, while the gray points are the middle quartiles. The dotted line signifies the maximum age of the universe within each redshift bin. The bottom panels contain histograms of colors, where the red and blue dotted lines in the bottom panels are the median colors of the two quartiles and the black, dashed line is the median color over the entire redshift interval. The general trend at all redshifts is that redder galaxies are typically older than bluer quiescent galaxies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-composite-rest-frame-sed-of-the-reddest-and-bluest-u2l1b2o4.png Figure 8. Composite rest-frame SED of the reddest and bluest U−V quartiles of massive, quiescent galaxies from z = 1.8 to 2.2 (red and blue points). The solid lines are the median best-fit templates as derived from the spectral modeling analysis with Gaussian smoothing to the medium-band resolution of 0.15μm/ (1 + z), compared to the median binned spectra of nine quiescent galaxies at z ∼ 2.3 from Kriek et al. (2006; dot-dashed line, also smoothed to the mediumband resolution). The Kriek et al. sample matches the spectral shape of the blue quartile. We also fit the Kriek et al. median spectra with a τ -model (see Section 4) and aged this best-fit model of 0.8 Gyr by +0.4 Gyr to evolve the spectra to the average redshift of the medium-band data of z ∼ 2 (black line). The median, aged K06 spectra lie roughly between the extremes of our sample, which implies that typical z ∼ 2 quiescent galaxies may be the descendents of the K06 sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-binned-u-v-color-and-ages-of-all-quiescent-galaxies-3t4d19gz.png Figure 7. Binned U−V color and ages of all quiescent galaxies as a function of their total K-band magnitudes. The dashed line is the median K-band magnitude of the nine spectroscopically confirmed quiescent galaxies by Kriek et al. (2006) and the dotted line is the limiting magnitude used by Kriek et al. to select their sample. The reddest and oldest galaxies in the hashed region would therefore not be included in the Kriek et al. magnitude-limited sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-left-the-u-v-vs-v-j-color-color-diagram-for-all-393f7blu.png Figure 11. Left: the U−V vs. V− J color–color diagram for all galaxies in the NMBS sample (gray scale). Those galaxies that are both massive (>1011 M ) and have rest-frame U−V colors within the selection window of Williams et al. (2009) are shown as black, filled circles and those galaxies that are selected based on their U−V colors corrected for dust reddening in this paper are red, filled circles. Right: the color–mass diagram for all galaxies in the NMBS sample (gray scale) with the quiescent sample that would be selected following the UVJ method of Williams et al. (2009) in black and the dust extinction-corrected color selection in red. https://scispace.com/papers/the-aggregate-le-chatelier-samuelson-principle-with-cournot-18eoqgl8yd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparative-statics-at-the-firm-level-and-in-the-18mbsr7k.png Figure 2: Comparative statics at the firm level and in the aggregate https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-sur-estimates-of-the-rate-of-returns-to-scale-p0ut5qfg.png Table 2a: SUR estimates of the rate of returns to scale, markup, and λa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-substitution-and-expansion-effects-and-input-3q7wqotu.png Figure 1: Substitution and expansion effects and input adjustment https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-correlation-between-expansion-effects-and-indicators-1bwu2wul.png Table 7: Correlation between expansion effects and indicators of imperfect competition https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimates-for-the-inverse-output-demand-3r9243r2.png Table 1: Estimates for the inverse output demand https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimates-of-the-aggregation-biases-fd-gmm-2ehdeuvw.png Table 4: Estimates of the aggregation biases (FD GMM) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2b-gmm-estimates-of-the-rate-of-return-to-scale-markup-jl1imy4z.png Table 2a: SUR estimates of the rate of returns to scale, markup, and λa https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-between-different-estimated-measures-of-24zq6ogr.png Table 3: Correlation between different estimated measures of imperfect competition https://scispace.com/papers/the-aggregation-of-information-qualities-in-collaborative-3yy0xf66ag 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scenarios-requirements-and-composition-functions-28gitppn.png Figure 1 Scenarios, requirements and composition functions dependent on v (influencing the possibility of substitution) https://scispace.com/papers/the-agricultural-wage-gap-evidence-from-brazilian-micro-data-5f3v88hxck 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mean-difference-in-log-wages-relative-to-2dk3q3ug.png Figure 7: Mean difference in log wages relative to agriculture by educational attainment and age https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-oaxaca-decomposition-controlling-for-unobservables-1ej1z8dz.png Figure 14: Oaxaca decomposition controlling for unobservables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-workers-by-sector-201x811f.png Figure 5: Workers by sector https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-number-of-sector-switchers-from-and-into-2xfyzyxh.png Figure 9: Number of sector-switchers from and into agriculture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-transitions-out-of-agriculture-controling-for-age-2gidw4z0.png Figure 17: Transitions out of agriculture controling for age squared https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-wage-gaps-in-brazil-vs-other-countries-2867ft7b.png Figure 4: Wage gaps in Brazil vs other countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gaps-in-brazil-by-percentile-uam4mvj0.png Figure 3: Gaps in Brazil by percentile https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-transitions-out-of-agriculture-2rkj5jz4.png Figure 16: Transitions out of agriculture https://scispace.com/papers/the-algae-vegetation-of-the-faeroese-coasts-with-remarks-on-2n2ct27sle 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-152-prasiola-stipitata-associalion-from-rocky-coast-ne-2n4ly7s7.png Fig. 152. Prasiola stipitata—associalion. From rocky coast ne.nr Hojvig. (F. B. phot.). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-153-fucus-spiralis-f-nana-and-below-fucus-inftatus-f-2hydp5e4.png Fig. 153. Fucus spiralis f. nana and, below, Fucus inftatus f. disticha on steep rocky coast near Viderejde. (F. B. phot.). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1g3-chart-showing-the-observed-directions-of-currents-in-3jvf6jh8.png Fig. 1G3. Chart showing the observed directions of currents in April 1903. (From Deutsche Seewartes Monatskarte.) https://scispace.com/papers/the-albedo-size-and-density-of-binary-kuiper-belt-object-27ilkslw5d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-thermal-models-fitted-to-our-24-and-70-um-photometry-23000wx9.png Fig. 2.— Thermal models fitted to our 24 and 70 µm photometry. Results from the Standard Thermal Model (STM) are given in panel a (top), and those from the Isothermal Latitude model (ILM) in panel b (bottom). Diameters, which are the effective total diameter for both components of the binary system, and effective geometric albedos corresponding to each model are given at upper right. The beaming parameter, η, for each model is given in the legend. The temperature of a zero-albedo surface at the distance of (47171) 1999 TC36 would be 70.6 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-model-parameters-for-rough-surface-thermophysical-11qlqho2.png Fig. 3.— Model parameters for rough-surface thermophysical models consistent with our thermal photometry and the absolute V magnitude of (47171) 1999 TC36. A point is plotted for each of the 539 models that fit the data (of 30000 models run). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-density-enhancement-relative-to-the-single-component-25pzymuj.png Fig. 7.— Density enhancement relative to the single-component system density (6M/(πD3)) for a trinary system. The relationship shown assumes that all 3 components have the same albedo. For d3/d1 = 0 the system is a binary, and for d3/d1 = 1 the “primary” is itself a binary with 2 equal-sized components. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-density-and-porosity-of-47171-1999-tc36-as-a-1p6r0yzd.png Fig. 6.— The density and porosity of (47171) 1999 TC36 as a function of the size of a hypothetical core. The density of the mantle (the layer surrounding the core) is taken to be 0.5 g/cm3, consistent with a composition dominated by water ice with 50% porosity. The density of the material in the core (assumed to be dominated by silicates) is reflected by the legend labels ρC , with the resulting global mean density indicated by the corresponding linestyles. The average porosity of the entire 2-layer structure is given by the long-dashed line. Our upper limits on the density of binary and trinary versions of (47171) 1999 TC36 are shown as horizontal dotted lines. In spite of the high porosities required by our density, large non-porous cores with densities appropriate for rocky material are consistent with our data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-fraction-of-void-space-within-47171-1999-tc36-12e8qupp.png Fig. 5.— The fraction of void space within (47171) 1999 TC36 resulting from our determination of the effective diameter and the mass determination of Margot et al. (2005b). The 3 lines give the dependence for our adopted value (405 km) and limits (350 – 470 km) for the effective diameter. The legend gives the corresponding sizes of the components if they have equal albedos. The vertical lines indicate a reasonable range of material density in the outer Solar System (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-thermal-model-results-3110bau5.png Table 3. Thermal Model Results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-locus-of-combinations-of-albedo-and-diameter-for-3ffpd164.png Fig. 4.— The locus of combinations of albedo and diameter for the (47171) 1999 TC36 primary (to the right of the vertical line), and companion. The solution shown applies for an effective system diameter and albedo of 405 km and 7.9%. The heavy lines show the range of solutions where the primary has a higher albedo than the secondary; the thin lines those ranges where the primary has a lower albedo than the secondary. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-images-of-47171-1999-tc36-at-24-um-left-and-70-um-3dunbx83.png Fig. 1.— Images of (47171) 1999 TC36 at 24 µm (left) and 70 µm (right). Each image is 190 ′′ square, and the orientation is North up, East left. The circles are centered at the ephemeris position of the target. It is just possible to make out the first Airy maximum in the 24 µm image. There is no significant background structure due to cirrus at either wavelength. https://scispace.com/papers/the-algae-of-commonwealth-bay-339fgwh6ne 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cross-section-of-frond-ng3uq6v8.png Fig. 3. Cross-section of frond. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phyllogigas-grandifolius-young-plant-showing-23y5ef4c.png Fig. 2. Phyllogigas grandifolius. Young plant showing attachment. https://scispace.com/papers/the-alico-corpus-analysing-the-active-listener-3xlhrz6nrp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cohens-k-agreement-values-for-feedback-function-3t7m3b6l.png Table 5 Cohen’s κ agreement values for feedback function annotation for all annotator pairs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-confusion-matrix-for-verbal-feedback-function-nbirydgh.png Figure 5 Confusion matrix for verbal feedback function categories. Cells show frequency of core category pairs (X ,Y ), with X ,Y ∈{P1,P2,P3,A}, between any two annotators. Cells below the minor diagonal mirror values from above. See Table 6 for collated row-/columnwise agreement and disagreement frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-relative-and-absolute-frequency-of-hgu-types-in-2zltt7xr.png Table 10 Relative and absolute frequency of HGU types in bimodal feedback and their corresponding verbal feedback function category observed in 20 ALICO dialogues with an attentive listener. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-confusion-matrices-for-each-annotator-pair-2ku5w49l.png Figure 11 Confusion matrices for each annotator pair annotating core feedback functions categories: P1, P2, P3, and A. Labels were stripped off all modifiers (e.g., C or E or A in modifier role). The shades of the cells indicate relative frequency for each label combination and can be compared across confusion matrices. The numbers in each cell show absolute frequencies and are not comparable across confusion matrices. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-relative-and-absolute-frequencies-of-hgu-types-from-3t86qxev.png Table 11 Relative and absolute frequencies of HGU types from 10 one-minute extracts taken from ALICO and used in the rating study in Skubisz (2014). The data is split according to cyclicity and modality. Absolute frequencies are provided in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-proportions-of-simple-and-complex-hgus-in-the-1odbq39s.png Figure 9 Proportions of simple and complex HGUs in the visual and the bimodal domains. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-feedback-function-inventory-categories-p1-p3-n1-n3-1bky8my8.png Table 2 Feedback function inventory. Categories P1–P3, N1–N3 and the category and modifier A are based on Allwood et al (1992) and Kopp et al (2008). Modifiers C and E were adopted from Gravano et al (2007). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-relative-frequencies-expressed-as-percentages-of-d8njc85d.png Table 7 Relative frequencies (expressed as percentages) of German short feedback expressions and their corresponding feedback functions produced by listeners in 40 ALICO dialogues. Less frequent expressions are grouped into into three semantic categories (in italics), a breakdown of which can be found in Table 14 in the Appendix. https://scispace.com/papers/the-algebraic-lambda-calculus-fsddzji9p8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typing-rules-for-the-algebraic-l-calculus-1ha68ppq.png Figure 1. Typing rules for the algebraic λ-calculus. https://scispace.com/papers/the-alice-daq-current-status-and-future-challenges-52sfap2t0w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-trigger-delays-and-input-detectors-3q0eqc6z.png Table 2 Trigger delays and input detectors https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-data-throughput-for-the-different-types-of-physics-npm8lw8i.png Table 3 Data throughput for the different types of physics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-alice-trigger-and-daq-architectures-2d7bpwzg.png Fig. 2. The ALICE Trigger and DAQ architectures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-event-size-of-the-alice-sub-detectors-for-pb-pb-xuo3ahmb.png Table 1 Event size of the ALICE sub-detectors for Pb–Pb central events https://scispace.com/papers/the-alignment-of-nematic-liquid-crystal-by-the-ti-layer-3bmzglr8tz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-colour-online-a-sem-image-of-the-pure-nstl-after-1v6w75h1.png Figure 1. (Colour online) (a) SEM image of the pure NSTL after processing with the NLL method. (b) Dependence of the average depth A on the LPF J of the pure NSTL after the NLL processing. The cross section of nanogrooves of the Ti layer: (c) pure, possessing the average period Λ = 0.92 μm and average depth A = 225 nm and (d) coated with the ODAPI film, having the average period Λ = 0.92 μm and average depth A = 175 nm. In the NLL method, the LPF J and scanning speed υ was 0.582 J/cm2 and 1500 mm/s, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-colour-online-dependence-of-the-calculated-2zq0qu1r.png Figure 4. (Colour online) Dependence of the calculated azimuthal AE (Equation (2)) of aligning films on the LPF J at constant scanning speed υ: (a) 500 mm/s, (b) 1500 mm/s and (c) 2600 mm/s during the processing of the Ti layer with the NLL method. The LC cell consists of the tested substrate having the pure NSTL (closed ‘blue’ triangles) and NSTL coated with the ODAPI film (closed ‘red’ spheres). The dashed line is a guide to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-colour-online-dependence-of-the-calculated-x3v5tr71.png Figure 3. (Colour online) Dependence of the calculated azimuthal AE (Equation (2)) of aligning films on the scanning speed υ during the processing of the Ti layer with the NLL method. The LC cell consists of the tested substrate having the pure NSTL (closed ‘blue’ triangles) and NSTL coated with the ODAPI film (closed ‘red’ spheres). The dashed line is a guide to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-colour-online-dependence-of-the-twist-angle-ph-of-12n2gao3.png Figure 2. (Colour online) Dependence of the twist angle φ of the LC cell on: (a) the scanning speed υ at a constant LPF J = 0.55 J/cm2 and (b) the LPF J at a constant scanning speed υ = 1500 mm/s during the processing of the Ti layer with the NLL method. The LC cell consists of the tested substrate having the pure NSTL (closed ‘blue’ squares and diamonds) and NSTL coated with the ODAPI film (closed ‘red’ circles and triangles). The dashed line is a guide to the eye. https://scispace.com/papers/the-alkali-carbonate-reaction-and-its-reaction-products-an-2w3axiz0q8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-im-micrographs-x-1500-of-fresh-rock-samples-a-ola-b-1zffbne1.png FIG. 2. iM micrographs (x 1500) of fresh rock samples: (A) OLA, (B) VAL, (C) CBA. SEM crographs (x 1500) of the transition zone of dolomite aggregates in CSA concrete prism :er a 5-year storage: (D) OLA, (E) VAL, (F) CBA. (1: Dolomite, 2: Calcite, 3: Clay jibers, Calcium (hydroxide?) crystals, 5: Matrix). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-astm-c-586-astm-c-227-and-csa-a23-2-14a-test-2mjkcq35.png TABLE 1 ASTM C 586. ASTM C 227 and CSA A23.2-14A Test Expansions https://scispace.com/papers/the-almaquest-survey-v-the-non-universality-of-kpc-scale-8bote7cmqu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-histogram-distribution-of-galaxy-by-galaxy-offsets-1mwfd69x.png Figure 8. Histogram distribution of galaxy-by-galaxy offsets from the median scaling relations. Offsets from the median rSFMS, rSK relation and rMGMS are shown in blue, red and purple respectively. The galaxy-togalaxy variation is greatest in the rSFMS and least in the rMGMS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-galaxy-to-galaxy-diversity-of-star-formation-26oopjsk.png Figure 7. The galaxy-to-galaxy diversity of star formation scaling relations. Left panel: Coloured curves show the median values of ΣSFR in bins of Σ? for each of the 28 galaxies in our sample, and hence represent the rSFMS of each galaxy. Σ? bins have width of 0.3 dex and are offset by 0.1 dex to create a smoothed running median. The width of each curve represents the vertical scatter of each scaling relation on a galaxy-by-galaxy basis and is calculated as σ/ √ N for each x-axis position. The greyscale background shows the number density for all ∼15,000 spaxels in the sample. The black curve shows the running median for all ∼15,000 spaxels. Middle panel: As for the left panel, but for medians of ΣSFR as a function of ΣH2 . The coloured curves therefore represent the rSK relation for each galaxy and the black curve is the median of all ∼15,000 spaxels. Right panel: As for the left panel, but for medians of ΣH2 as a function of Σ?. The coloured curves therefore represent the rMGMS for each galaxy and the black curve is the median of all ∼15,000 spaxels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-galaxy-by-galaxy-offset-from-each-of-the-three-1sxbkyb6.png Figure 9. The galaxy-by-galaxy offset from each of the three star formation scaling relations is compared with offsets from the other relations. The vertical and horizontal dashed lines show zero offset and the diagonal dotted line shows a one-to-one correlation. The Pearson correlation coefficients (ρ) and p-values are reported in the top left corner of each panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-galaxy-by-galaxy-slope-of-the-rsk-relation-as-a-2o519tcj.png Figure 14. Galaxy-by-galaxy slope of the rSK relation as a function of stellar mass (upper panel) and Sersic index (middle panel) and sSFR (lower panel). The Pearson correlation coefficient (ρ) and p-value are given in the top left of each panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-galaxy-by-galaxy-offset-from-the-median-rmgms-as-a-3ok491rz.png Figure 15. Galaxy-by-galaxy offset from the median rMGMS as a function of stellar mass (upper panel), Sersic index (middle panel) and sSFR (lower panel). The Pearson correlation coefficient (ρ) and p-value are given in the top left of each panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-resolved-star-forming-main-sequence-for-each-of-1tfwwn29.png Figure 3. The resolved star forming main sequence for each of the 28 galaxies in our sample. The MaNGA plate-IFU identifier is given in the top left of each panel. The panels are ordered by increasing total stellar mass (from the PIPE3D VAC), which is given in the top right of each panel. The background greyscale shows the number density in the combined sample of ∼ 15,000 spaxels and is used for visual reference in each panel. The blue points show the individual galaxy relations and shading indicates the galactocentric radius in units of kpc. There is a large galaxy-to-galaxy diversity in the rSFMS (both shape and normalization), even at approximately fixed stellar mass. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-radial-profiles-of-ssfr-fh2-and-sfe-for-the-spaxels-2txmu1yq.png Figure 6. Radial profiles of sSFR, fH2 and SFE for the spaxels of two galaxies in our sample: 8155-6102 (pale curves) and 8077-6104 (dark curves), chosen to demonstrate contrasting behaviours in fH2 and SFE. Both galaxies exhibit a suppressed sSFR in their central regions (left panel). However, the reason for this suppression appears to be different for the two galaxies: a low central gas fraction for 8155-6102, but a low central SFE for 8077- 6104. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-rsfms-for-1-4-million-spaxels-from-2000-manga-3c0f8jzs.png Figure 12. The rSFMS for 1.4 million spaxels from ∼ 2000 MaNGA DR15 galaxies. Each binned element is colour coded by the median Sersic index of its host galaxy. At fixed Σ? the lowest ΣSFR values are in high Sersic index galaxies. https://scispace.com/papers/the-amaranth-framework-policy-based-quality-of-service-484sixugo8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-amaranth-architecture-2kdorwaq.png Fig. 3. Amaranth Architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-battle-group-communication-among-ships-with-missile-39ix9ggp.png Fig. 1. Battle group communication among ships with missile tracking and interception. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-amaranth-use-case-diagram-39m0jw3j.png Fig. 2. Amaranth use case diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-an-example-of-the-feasible-number-of-the-flows-with-2ymlvkt6.png Fig. 5. An example of the feasible number of the flows with respect to QoS unavailability. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-formulation-of-the-optimal-solution-to-the-mrmd-hmfljx4d.png Fig. 4. Formulation of the optimal solution to the MRMD problem. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-task-rejection-ration-versus-average-satisfaction-of-3it7y36q.png Fig. 6. Task rejection ration versus average satisfaction of admitted tasks for inter-arrival times (IA) 20 through 60 seconds and across various algorithms for allocating resources. https://scispace.com/papers/the-american-bar-association-joint-task-force-on-reversing-3n61w2h3sv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-35-u-s-teacher-population-by-race-ethnicity432-2t9rct8q.png Figure 35. U.S. Teacher Population by Race & Ethnicity432 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-special-education-discipline-disproportionality-24032wuq.png Figure 22. Special Education Discipline Disproportionality Disaggregated by Race and Ethnicity, Gender, Grade175 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-importance-of-expectation36-34hvifm6.png Figure 8. Importance of Expectation36 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-30-time-detained-by-race-ethnicity262-313umz88.png Figure 30. Time Detained by Race & Ethnicity262 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-29-juveniles-in-residential-facilities-by-race-2g9mwijr.png Figure 29. Juveniles in Residential Facilities by Race & Ethnicity259 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-discipline-approaches-tx-124-3teso0vg.png Figure 13. Discipline Approaches (TX)124 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-crdc-discipline-by-race-ethnicity-suspension-23iaazu9.png Figure 14. CRDC Discipline, by Race & Ethnicity: Suspension/Expulsion125 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-36-federal-prison-staffing-by-race-ethnicity433-16gcemiv.png Figure 36. Federal Prison Staffing by Race & Ethnicity433 https://scispace.com/papers/the-american-beaver-and-his-works-by-lewis-h-morgan-1wolreu84i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-rwjq4fp3.png Fig. 8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-1g3gga58.png Fig. 16. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-39wxsanb.png Fig. 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-2x4khly2.png Fig. 13. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-2rv58gc6.png Fig. 14. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-27k0x4cm.png Fig. 20. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-zuywg6ds.png Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-1jrtsj7t.png Fig. 9. https://scispace.com/papers/the-amlev-technology-applied-to-low-speed-urban-vpxia89vmt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-view-of-the-levitating-unit-with-the-main-12tzfp8f.png Fig. 4. Schematic view of the levitating unit with the main dimensions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-map-of-the-magnetic-flux-density-for-10-2-1t6o3nhj.png Fig. 5. Map of the magnetic flux density for ∆𝑧 = −10 𝑚𝑚, ∆𝑦 = 2 𝑚𝑚. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-view-of-a-portion-of-vehicle-and-guideway-2p09k43k.png Fig. 3. Schematic view of a portion of vehicle and guideway, with the rightside levitating unit and the horizontal wheel, used to counterbalance the destabilizing force. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-energy-delivery-on-one-typical-hour-braking-energy-23o6470u.png TABLE II. ENERGY DELIVERY ON ONE TYPICAL HOUR, BRAKING ENERGY RECOVERY: PRELIMINARY RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-a-maglev-urban-transportation-system-9zspeot2.png Fig. 1. Overview of a Maglev Urban Transportation System https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-amlev-system-developed-by-oleg-tozoni-zvyl24ge.png Fig. 2. The AMLEV system developed by Oleg Tozoni https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-main-characteristics-of-the-system-under-study-1di0x0td.png TABLE I. MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SYSTEM UNDER STUDY https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-levitation-force-vs-as-a-function-of-the-lateral-shift-l4l48xb7.png Fig. 6. Levitation Force 𝐹𝑧 vs ∆𝑧, as a function of the lateral shift ∆𝑦 https://scispace.com/papers/the-amma-catch-gourma-observatory-site-in-mali-relating-4rdkqq5v16 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-30j916ts.png Fig. 13 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-soil-texture-in-terms-of-sand-2z7w5djn.png Table 2 Characteristics of soil texture in terms of sand, clay and silt contents (%) for the 3 3 local sites (Agoufou, Kelma and Eguerit). Particles size are defined as clay (<0.002 mm), silt 4 (<0.05 mm), and sand (<2 mm). 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-land-cover-types-mapped-over-3k56opbc.png Table 1 Characteristics of the land cover types mapped over the Hombori super-site: 2 relative areas (%) of bare soil patches, of canopy cover by woody plants and area cropped, 3 and indication of main woody plant species encountered. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-n2l478g4.png Fig. 8: https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-list-of-monitored-variables-recorded-at-the-gourma-1fgg2l0i.png Table 5 List of monitored variables recorded at the Gourma site with automatic instruments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-long-term-tree-cover-variation-for-3-vegetation-sites-3jnhh9zg.png Fig. 14: Long term tree cover variation for 3 vegetation sites at the Hombori super-site 1 showing increasing (# 21), overall constant (# 17) and decreasing (# 31) trends. On the 2 central plots, blue and red symbols correspond to live and dead trees, respectively (after 3 Hiernaux et al., 2009a, this issue). Aerial images show the variation of tree density on the 4 different sites between a) October 1984 (# 17) or 1985 (# 21, 31) and b) March 2007 (# 17, 5 21, 31). 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-21w4k7pj.png Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3ppnn9zp.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/papers/the-amsterdam-declaration-on-graves-orbitopathy-3vsz1j4esx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-signatories-of-the-amsterdam-declaration-on-graves-34flkn7i.png FIG. 1. Signatories of the Amsterdam Declaration on Graves’ Orbitopathy, October 30, 2009. Front row from left to right: Professor S. Gullu (Turkish Society for Endocrinology and Metabolism), Dr. P. Perros (European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy), Professor J. Lazarus (Society for Endocrinology, UK and British Thyroid Association), Dr. M. Salvi (Italian Thyroid Patient Association), Dr. U. Slama (Finish Thyroid Foundation), Dr. Y. Inoue ( Japan Thyroid Association), Dr. C. Dayan (Thyroid Eye Disease Charitable Trust), Professor M. Alevizaki (European Society of Endocrinology), Professor C. Daumerie (Belgian Endocrine Society and Belgian Thyroid Club), Professor L. Bartalena (Italian Society of Endocrinology), Ms. L. van ‘t Riet (Schildklierstichting Nederland), Dr. C. Schalin-Jantti (Finnish Endocrine Society), Mrs. J. Hickey (British Thyroid Foundation), Mr. N. de Jong (Nederlandse Vereniging van Graves’ patienten). Back row from left to right: Dr. C. Lane (British Oculoplastic Surgery Society), D. O. Vonica (Romanian Society for Endocrinology), Professor T. Davies (American Thyroid Association), Dr. P. Dolman (International Thyroid Eye Disease Study Group), Dr. H. Ramos (Latin America Thyroid Society), Professor M. Mourits (European Society of Orbital Plastic Reconstructive Surgery), Professor G. Krassas (Hellenic Endocrine Society), Professor W. Wiersinga (European Group On Graves’ Orbitopathy), Dr. G. von Arx (Verein Schilddrüsengruppe Schweiz), Dr. A. Eckstein (Bielschowsky-Gesellschaft für Schielforschung und Neuroophthalmologie), Dr. L. de Heide (Dutch Endocrine Society), Dr. C. Marcocci (Italian Thyroid Association), Professor J Orgiazzi (French Endocrine Society), Dr. E. Nyström (Thyroid Federation International), Professor P. Laurberg (European Thyroid Association), Professor G. Kahaly (German Endocrine Society and German Thyroid Board), Professor R. Bahn (Endocrine Society), Professor C. Hintschich (German Society of Ophthalmology), Dr. L. Baldeschi (Italian Society of Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery). https://scispace.com/papers/the-amplitude-in-periodic-neural-state-trajectories-2tw8gre6w2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-neural-population-trajectories-during-sct-and-their-sl6qezkh.png Fig 2. Neural population trajectories during SCT and their oscillatory dynamic properties. A, C. Projection of the neural activity in the MPC (1,477 neurons) during the SC of the SCT onto the first (A) or second and third PCs (C). The first three PCs explained the 10.7%, 3.8%, and 2.3% of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-neural-trajectories-do-not-follow-the-tapping-24kz45e0.png Fig 5. Neural trajectories do not follow the tapping kinematics. A. Diagram of the rotational trajectory of the SCT neural activity during three inter-tap intervals: one 450-ms interval (green) and two 1,000-ms intervals (red). Each tap is numbered and projected in the trajectory as a white circle. A blue triangle marks the beginning, whereas a yellow triangle marks the end of the movement time. The monkeys produced phasic stereotypic movements whilst timing the dwell between taps during SCT [37]. B. Euclidean distance (dt, see inset) between an anchor point (red) and the position of each tap (green, mean ± SD, slope = 0.00007, R2 = 0.0633, p = 0.225), or half of the inter-tap interval position on the neural trajectories (blue, mean ± SD, slope = −0.001, R2 = 0.801, p< 0.0001) across target intervals for SC. A two-way ANOVA detected significant main https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-overall-patterns-of-activity-in-cell-populations-a-b-1pwby3zu.png Fig 8. Overall patterns of activity in cell populations. A,B. Neural activation periods, sorted by their mean peak activation time, during the SCT task for the target intervals of 450 (A) and 850 (B) ms. Each horizontal line corresponds to the onset and duration of the significant activation period of a cell according to the Poisson-train analysis (see Materials and methods). The Poisson-train analysis was carried out on https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-trajectory-classifier-robustness-across-neural-pmrgubp2.png Fig 7. Trajectory classifier robustness across neural population sizes during SCT. A. SVM classifier performance (mean ± SD of percent of correct classifications) for target interval (five instructed intervals) during the SCT task based on the neural trajectory computed from different population sizes. The total initial population size was of 1,477 neurons. Dotted lines correspond to random level. The neurons with the largest PC participation were removed in steps of 10% of the original population size, until reaching 1% of the original population. Inset shows the original time-normalized neural trajectory PC used to generate the second-layer PCA0. B. Point cloud in 3D for the second-layer PCAs’ for target interval. See color code in the inset. Note that the percentage of correct classification decreased as a function of the population size; however, the classification was above chance even for the trajectories based on small cell ensembles. Underlying data are available in https://doid.gin.g-node.org/d315b3db0cee15869b3d9ed164f88cfa/. a.u., arbitrary unit; PC, principal components; PCA, principal component analysis; SCT, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-robustness-in-the-classifier-for-sct-target-interval-33rz1j0m.png Fig 6. Robustness in the classifier for SCT target interval using segments of the PCA neural trajectory between taps with different neural population sizes. A-C. Three principal components projection of the second-layer PCA0 applied to each of the six inter-tap neural trajectory segments and the five trial repetitions (see inset) for (A) 100%, (B) 50%, and (C) 1% of the neural population. Each dot in the second-layer PCA0 corresponds to https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-st-and-srtt-trajectories-in-nwncle0f.png Fig 4. Comparison of ST and SRTT trajectories in simultaneously recorded neurons. A. Neural activity data projected on the PC1 (solid line, linearly detrended) and the correspondent sinusoidal fit (dotted line) during a trial of ST for the target interval of 650 ms. B. Similar to (A) for SRTT. Note that the strong periodic structure of the ST neural trajectory is lost during SRTT for the same population of cells. C. The MSE of the sinusoidal fits during ST (purple) is significantly smaller than during SRTT (green; 60 trials, two-sample t test = −6.78, p< 0.0001). D. Radii of the neural trajectories during ST (purple, slope = 0.000087, constant = 0.055, R2 = 0.619, p< 0.0001) and SRTT (green, nonsignificant linear regression, R2 = 0.0172 and p = 0.489) as a function of target interval. E. Variability of the neural trajectories during ST (purple, data slope = 0.000037, constant = 0.028, R2 = 0.368, p< 0.0001), SRTT (green, nonsignificant linear regression, R2 = 0.0005 and p = 0.903), and temporal variability of the monkeys’ produced intervals (gray, mean ± SD/2, data slope = 0.0009, constant = −0.003, R2 = 0.999, p< 0.0001) across target intervals during ST. F. Linear speed of neural trajectories during ST (purple, mean ± SD, slope = 0.0001, constant = 7.322, R2 = 0.0007, p = 0.896) and SRTT (green, mean ± SD, slope = 0.002, constant = 4.049, R2 = 0.354, p = 0.002) did not change as a function of target interval. G. Output of the time-delay neural network (TDNN, in blue) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tasks-a-sct-the-trial-started-when-the-monkey-placed-2nemnowp.png Fig 1. Tasks. A. SCT. The trial started when the monkey placed his hand on a lever for a variable delay. Then, a visual metronome was presented, and the monkey tapped on a button to produce three intervals of a specific duration following the isochronous stimuli (synchronization phase), after which the animal had to maintain the tapping rate to produce three additional intervals without the metronome (continuation phase). Correct trials were rewarded with an amount of juice that was proportional to the trial length. The instructed target intervals were 450, 550, 650, 850, and 1,000 ms. B. ST. Similar to the synchronization phase of the SCT, the animal had to produce five intervals guided by a visual metronome. The instructed intervals were 450, 550, 650, 750, 850, and 950 ms. C. SRTT. As in ST, the trial started when the monkey placed its hand on a lever for a variable delay. However, in this task, the monkey tapped the button after six stimuli separated by a random interstimulus interval, precluding the temporalization of the tapping behavior. D. Constant error (mean ± SD/2) as a function of target interval during the SC (orange) and CC (red) of the SCT (ANOVA main effect interval, F(4, 1,112) = 61.01, p< 0.0001; main effect task condition, F(1, 1,112) = 43.16, p< 0.0001; interval × condition interaction, F(4, 1,112) = 17.66, p< 0.0001), and the ST (purple) as a function of target interval (ANOVA for 450, 550, 650, and 850 target intervals between SC of the SCT and the ST, main effect interval, F(3, 631) = 4.18, p< 0.01; main effect condition, F(1, 631) = 202.16, p< 0.0001; nonsignificant interval × condition interaction, F(3, 631) = 2.46, p = 0.06). Underlying data are available in https:// doid.gin.g-node.org/d315b3db0cee15869b3d9ed164f88cfa/. CC, continuation condition; SC, synchronization condition; SCT, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-simulations-of-moving-bumps-and-neural-trajectories-a-oti2pdah.png Fig 10. Simulations of moving bumps and neural trajectories. A. Activity profile of one simulated neuron during its activation period is scaled for the five simulated durations. B. Neural trajectories generated from the population activity of moving bumps simulations. The number of neurons and activation periods varied across intervals (see Materials and methods). The simulated interval is color coded. Second and third simulated taps are https://scispace.com/papers/the-analysis-of-negotiation-of-common-ground-in-cscl-nacwwzxvrm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ntool-formalism-38ljm56h.png Table 2 NTool Formalism https://scispace.com/papers/the-anaphylatoxin-receptors-in-neural-progenitor-physiology-13e31lse42 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-6-2-functions-of-c3a-on-the-cell-types-of-the-1h81yk5a.png Figure 1.6.2: Functions of C3a on the cell types of the immune system. Right panel - C3a acts in a proinflammatory manner to: increase cytokine release from lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-primed, adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs); induce degranulation in eosinophils and mast cells; increase inflammatory mediator production in macrophages/monocytes; modulate the T-cell response through the suppression of regulatory T cells (Treg) and induction of a TH1 polarised reponse. Left panel – C3a acts in an anti-inflammatory manner to: decrease cytokine release from LPS-primed, non-adherent PBMCs; Induce direct antimicrobial actions on pathogens; inhibit the mobilization of neutrophils from the bone marrow reservoir. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-2-cell-types-of-embryonic-neurogenesis-stylised-1z55lnqy.png Figure 1.3.2; Cell types of embryonic neurogenesis. Stylised diagram of the embryonic neocortex. The apical progenitors of the ventricular zone (neuroepithelial cells, radial glia) undergo interkinetic nuclear migration and divide at the apical surface. Neuroepithelial cells are the least lineage restricted cell type and can give rise to radial glia, basal progenitors or post-mitotic cell types. Radial glia are the most abundant progenitor in the mouse and extend their basal process to the pial surface. This process aids in neuroblast migration. The basal progenitors responsible for the majority of newly born neurons in the murine embryo and are located within the subventricular zone. Each of these progenitor types has the potential to generate the cells of the neuroectodermal lineage; neurons, oligodendrocytes and astroglia. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4-2-novel-roles-for-complement-in-the-developing-u6pcwzky.png Figure 1.4.2: Novel roles for complement in the developing central nervous system. Left; C5a and C5aR have been demonstrated to promote the proliferation of neural progenitor cells post-infarct and developmentally, which is explored in this thesis. Centre; C1q has been shown to tag redundant synapses for elimination during brain development. Right; C3aR mediates coattraction of neural crest cells during collective migration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4-1-diagrammatic-representation-of-complement-3tb4waq6.png Figure 1.4.2: Novel roles for complement in the developing central nervous system. Left; C5a and C5aR have been demonstrated to promote the proliferation of neural progenitor cells post-infarct and developmentally, which is explored in this thesis. Centre; C1q has been shown to tag redundant synapses for elimination during brain development. Right; C3aR mediates coattraction of neural crest cells during collective migration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-6-3-the-balance-of-c3a-actions-determines-the-1e37rf72.png Figure 1.6.2: Functions of C3a on the cell types of the immune system. Right panel - C3a acts in a proinflammatory manner to: increase cytokine release from lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-primed, adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs); induce degranulation in eosinophils and mast cells; increase inflammatory mediator production in macrophages/monocytes; modulate the T-cell response through the suppression of regulatory T cells (Treg) and induction of a TH1 polarised reponse. Left panel – C3a acts in an anti-inflammatory manner to: decrease cytokine release from LPS-primed, non-adherent PBMCs; Induce direct antimicrobial actions on pathogens; inhibit the mobilization of neutrophils from the bone marrow reservoir. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2-1-antagonists-of-c5ar1-3hhhizwk.png Table 1.2.1; Antagonists of C5aR1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-2-a-detailed-listing-of-primer-sets-used-in-this-3derqx5m.png Table 3.2.2; A detailed listing of primer sets used in this chapter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-6-1-diagrammatic-representation-of-receptor-ligand-2nkvx3bg.png Figure 1.6.2: Functions of C3a on the cell types of the immune system. Right panel - C3a acts in a proinflammatory manner to: increase cytokine release from lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-primed, adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs); induce degranulation in eosinophils and mast cells; increase inflammatory mediator production in macrophages/monocytes; modulate the T-cell response through the suppression of regulatory T cells (Treg) and induction of a TH1 polarised reponse. Left panel – C3a acts in an anti-inflammatory manner to: decrease cytokine release from LPS-primed, non-adherent PBMCs; Induce direct antimicrobial actions on pathogens; inhibit the mobilization of neutrophils from the bone marrow reservoir. https://scispace.com/papers/the-anger-depression-mechanism-in-dynamic-therapy-36lx4jz9a0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-moderated-mediation-results-for-the-effect-of-affect-2eltylry.png Table 2 Moderated mediation results for the effect of Affect Experiencing on Depression (PHQ-9) moderated by Personality Pathology (PP). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-variables-used-in-pese30hu.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics for variables used in analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-17flucji.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-angular-distribution-of-high-energy-neutrons-from-13hytj1f89 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i-1ft1p7ac.png FIG. I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-14u0qqxz.png FIG. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-26t3tunu.png FIG. 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-angular-dependence-of-thermal-neutron-spectra-in-3w8juhrju2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-ps1-x-e-in-the-center-of-t-e-water-moderator-of-2u1itl3j.png FIGURE 6 - The £1 \x ♦ (E) in the center of t' e water moderator of the Campbell la tt ic e ■. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-t-h-e-f-l-u-x-viewed-p-a-r-a-l-l-e-l-t-o-t-h-e-f-u-qgbo3scm.png FIGURE 7 - T h e f l u x viewed p a r a l l e l t o t h e f u e l r o d s in t i . e 6 0 mm Mostovoi l a t t i c e . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-a-simple-slab-lattice-1uz88ych.png FIGURE 1 - Schematic of a simple slab lattice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-function-v0-e-in-the-fuel-and-moderator-of-a-3kp8yo5y.png FIGURE 4 - The function V0 ( E , in the fuel and moderator of a rod lattice. https://scispace.com/papers/the-animal-spirits-hypothesis-and-the-benhabib-farmer-59cqb35vbc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-economy-wide-labour-market-1946xxsf.png Figure 2: Economy-wide labour market. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-labour-market-at-the-individual-level-1u7kkoks.png Figure 1: Labour market at the individual level. https://scispace.com/papers/the-annual-peak-in-the-sst-anomaly-spectrum-4c2ns2b2ml 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-observed-sst-spectrum-at-four-locations-marked-in-fig-1ijgtern.png FIG. 3. Observed SST spectrum at four locations, marked in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-spectrum-of-sst-anomalies-from-the-sensitivity-fa0m2e7v.png FIG. 11. Spectrum of SST anomalies from the sensitivity simulation as in Fig. 10a estimated from long and short time series. Anomalies are defined for the long and short time series individually, by subtracting the mean annual cycle of the corresponding time series. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-spectra-of-sst-anomalies-from-the-simple-one-38a87cgd.png FIG. 10. Spectra of SST anomalies from the simple one-dimensional atmosphere OZ model sensitivity runs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-all-model-simulations-discussed-in-this-study-are-3unitorj.png TABLE 1. All model simulations discussed in this study are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-as-fig-1-but-for-different-model-simulations-25fr98jj.png FIG. 4. As Fig. 1, but for different model simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-as-fig-1-but-for-the-echam5-mpi-om-simulations-5rjz8hi3.png FIG. 5. As Fig. 1, but for the ECHAM5-MPI-OM simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-mean-of-all-ipcc-model-cross-spectral-analysis-between-2pqt1uan.png FIG. 9. Mean of all IPCC model cross-spectral analysis between the annual mean SST and the annual cycle amplitude 1yr over ice-free regions from 30° to 55°N. The gray area in the coherence panel indicates the 99% confidence interval for zero coherence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-global-map-of-the-annual-peak-ratio-f1yr-as-in-fig-2-1pubocje.png FIG. 6. Global map of the annual peak ratio F1yr as in Fig. 2, but for the mean of all IPCC models. https://scispace.com/papers/the-anomalous-change-in-the-qbo-in-2015-2016-4nkok6q9v8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-daily-zonal-winds-january-2014-through-july-2016-2hjjx39o.png Figure 2. Daily zonal winds (January 2014 through July 2016) for (a) altitude-time plot of Singapore radiosondes and (b) latitude-time plot of MERRA-2 zonal mean zonal winds at 40 hPa. Easterlies are shown in cyan blue, while westerlies are in green brown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-january-may-2016-deviations-from-the-january-1eyc76bm.png Figure 4. The January–May 2016 deviations from the January–May 1980–2015 average of (a) zonal mean zonal wind and (b) temperature, as computed from MERRA-2. Both panels have the January–May 2016 averaged zonal mean zonal winds (white lines) and tropopause (thick magenta line). Units are m s 1 and K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-monthly-mean-zonal-wind-m-s-1-derived-from-2egluflt.png Figure 1. Monthly mean zonal wind (m s 1) derived from Singapore radiosondes (1°N, 104°E) between 70 and 10 hPa for 1981 through July 2016. The color scale is on the bottom with 5m s 1 color increments. Easterlies are shown in cyan blue, while westerlies are in green brown. Contours are every 20m s 1, with easterlies dashed and westerlies solid, and a thick black zero wind. The red squares show the dates of the 40 hPa easterly-to-westerly transition, while the red stars show the 10 hPa dates of the westerly to easterly transition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-composite-of-monthly-zonal-winds-around-the-qbo-68zkm86l.png Figure 3. Composite of monthly zonal winds around the QBO transition time from the FUB Singapore-Canton Island-Gan/ Maledive Island time series at: (a) 10 hPa and (c) 40 hPa. As noted in the text, the time of the transition is calculated from the QBO time series (27 events), and each event is then shifted to this “day 0” (i.e., phase rectified). Transition dates are noted in Figure 1 as red squares for 40 hPa E-W and red stars for 10 hPaW-E. The white line shows the average of the 27 events, while the grey shading shows the minimum tomaximum range of all of the QBOs (excluding the 2015–2016 event). The 2015–2016 event is plotted in red. The vertical black lines show ±1 year. Also shown in the right panels are the months when: (b) the easterly to westerly transition occurs at 10 hPa and (d) the westerly to easterly transition occurs at 40 hPa. In Figures 3b and 3d the boxes are labeled by year with 2016 highlighted in red. https://scispace.com/papers/the-anticentre-old-open-cluster-ngc-1883-radial-velocity-and-3jymybcqjy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cluster-luminosity-function-2l1bgdre.png Figure 6. Cluster luminosity function. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observed-stars-39ef89cp.png Table 1. Observed stars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cmd-for-the-stars-in-the-field-of-ngc-1883-left-v-2pwndo0a.png Figure 1. CMD for the stars in the field of NGC 1883. Left: V versus B–V diagram from C03. Centre: V versus V–I diagram from C03. Right: V versus V–K diagram (K magnitude from the 2MASS). Open squares are member stars (75374 and 76058), while open triangles are background objects. See text for more details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-galactic-abundance-gradient-open-squares-are-3lbq7xks.png Figure 8. Galactic abundance gradient. Open squares are clusters from Friel et al. (2002), while open triangles are clusters found in the WEBDA data base (see text for more details). The open star is the value for NGC 1883. The position of the Sun (8.5, 0) is indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cluster-mass-functions-3grtf3rj.png Figure 7. Cluster mass functions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-radial-velocity-membership-and-parameters-for-249dsm72.png Table 2. Mean radial velocity, membership and parameters for the observed stars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-isochrone-fitting-of-the-photometric-data-using-the-268h275n.png Figure 2. Isochrone fitting of the photometric data using the metallicity obtained in Section 4. Left: V versus B–V diagram from C03. Centre: V versus V–I diagram from C03. Right: V versus V–K diagram (K magnitude from the 2MASS). See text for more details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-synthetic-cmd-diagram-for-ngc-1883-a-b-simulated-2o6wuocf.png Figure 3. Synthetic CMD diagram for NGC 1883. (a), (b) Simulated CMDs for the cluster and the field. (c), (d) Simulated CMDs for the cluster and the field with photometric errors. (e) Final simulated CMD (cluster + field). (f) The observed CMD. https://scispace.com/papers/the-antifungal-activity-of-extracts-of-osmundea-pinnatifida-fcixxeltxb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-chitin-distribution-upon-exposure-of-alternaria-3elkapeg.png Fig. 5 Chitin distribution upon exposure of Alternaria infectoria (A, B, C) and Aspergillus fumigatus (C, D, E) to O. pinnatifida extracts. Images show a three-dimensional projection obtained by confocal imaging of chitin stained with CFW in Alternaria infectoria grown in YME with 0.5% agar (overnight; 30 °C; 150 rpm; under alternating 12 h UV light and dark cycles) without (A) or with extract supplementation (B, 100 μg mL−1 dichloromethane and C, 30 μg mL−1 n-hexane extracts) and Aspergillus fumigatus grown in YME (48 h; 30 °C; 150 rpm; under alternating 12 h UV light and dark cycles) without (D) or with extract supplementation (E, 100 μg mL−1 dichloromethane and F, 10 μg mL−1 n-hexane extracts). For each condition, maximum-intensity projections of z-stack images were obtained with FIJI software. Cell imaging was performed with a Zeiss LSM 510 Meta confocal microscope with a Plan-Apochromat 63× (numerical aperture 1.4) oil objective. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-conidiophore-morphology-of-aspergillus-fumigatus-under-3to81igk.png Fig. 2 Conidiophore morphology of Aspergillus fumigatus under control conditions and upon exposure to O. pinnatifida extracts. Images show Aspergillus fumigatus grown in YME (48 h; 30 °C; 120 rpm) without (A; control) or with extract supplementation at 100 μg mL−1 for methanol (C) and dicholoromethane (D) and 10 μg mL−1 of n-hexane (E, F) extract. Images were captured with a DS-5M-L1 digital camera (Nikon, Japan), coupled to an Eclipse E400 epi-fluorescence microscope (Nikon, Japan) at 1000× total magnification (A and F), and 400× for C, D, and E. B represents a scheme of the normal development of Aspergillus fumigatus from an early conidiophore stalk, to a vesicle formation from the tip of the stalk, to a conidiophore with phialide initiation, to a conidiophore with phialides, to conidial initiation, and to a mature conidiophore bearing conidia. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-the-different-o-pinnatifida-extracts-mzbwftfe.png Table 1 Effect of the different O. pinnatifida extracts, tested at 10 μg mL−1 and 100 μg mL−1, on colony diameter (CD; mm) and on radial growth inhibition (RGI; %) of Aspergillus fumigatus https://scispace.com/papers/the-antimicrobial-efficacy-of-fijian-honeys-against-clinical-776qf2hwxr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-mean-inhibitory-concentrations-mic-of-fijian-2cj1ilmq.png Table 2. The Mean Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of Fijian Honeys as determined by the agar incorporation technique. The results are shown as the minimum concentration of each honey that gave complete inhibition of each isolate from DFU. The values > 9.1% indicate that there was no inhibition at the highest concentration tested. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-map-of-fiji-islands-with-marked-locations-showing-wsgek1zx.png Fig. 1. The map of Fiji Islands with marked locations showing the origin of the honey samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-antimicrobial-activities-of-fijian-honeys-against-2n8hws50.png Table 1. Antimicrobial activities of Fijian Honeys against clinical isolates from DFU, measured by an agar well diffusion assay. The results are shown the concentration of a solution of phenol with the equivalent microbial activity. Values shown are the mean (± SD) of three determinations. ND = Not Detectable, (less than 4.1% (w/v) phenol equivalent). https://scispace.com/papers/the-antipsychotic-drug-brexpiprazole-reverses-phencyclidine-57kldkm4fc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-brex-0-06-1-mg-kg-on-mpfc-firing-activity-jwqbjanm.png Table 1. Effect of BREX (0.06-1 mg/kg) on mPFC firing activity. The number of burst episodes was significantly increased after BREX 0.125. Note that BREX 1.0 was measured 5 min after administration. ISI: interspike interval. *p<0.05 vs basal. https://scispace.com/papers/the-antiquity-of-cranial-surgery-in-europe-and-in-the-23mcrrpf0y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-concheiro-da-moita-do-sebastiao-muge-portugal-skull-2kgxhvnt.png Figure 4. Concheiro da Moita do Sebastião, Muge, Portugal. Skull of an adult man with part of soil in it. It has been varnished after its discovery. At the lateral part of the right frontal relief, irregular area with a conic healed depression from 13 mm antero-posterior to 17 mm latero-medial of major diameter and around 10 mm of depth. It does not seem that it penetrates to the inner part of the skull. It is healed with traces of periosteal reaction not active at the moment of the death. The conic depression is the result of a drilling that has been realised from the lateral to the medial part on an area, may be a traumatic one because it is irregular, which could have been scrapped before the drilling.1. General view.2. Detailed view. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-taforalt-ia-aperture-of-oval-form-10-5x-8-5-mm-on-3v1h1eml.png Figure 2. Taforalt Ia. Aperture of oval form (10.5× 8.5 mm) on the left parietal, at 45 mm from the lambda with a chamfered edge at the expense of the external table with healing. The radiograph confirms the absence of lesion of the internal table. These observations confirm the trephination and the surviving of the subject.1. General view. 2. Detailed view. Photograph from Dastugue [11]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geographical-distribution-of-the-trephination-sites-36f8fgoe.png Figure 1. Geographical distribution of the trephination sites:1, Taforalt, Morocco [11];2, Afalou-bou-Rhummel, Algeria [13];3, Zawi Chemi, Irak [14]; 4, Vasilyevka III, Ukraine [17];5, Vasilyevka II, Ukraine [17];6, Vovnigi Iin, Ukraine [18];7, Vedrovice, Czech Republic [10];8, Pendimoun, France [6];9, Ensisheim, France [1];10, Trasano, Italy [16];11, Grotta Patrizi, Italy [16];12, Concheiro da Moita do Sebastião, Muge, Portugal. Cultural attributions and datations:1, Taforalt, Epipaleolithic, 11900±240 BP [37, 38];2, Afalou-bou-Rhumel, Epipaleolithic [13];3, Zawi-Chemi, 10870± 300 BP [14];4, Vasilyevka III, Epipaleolithic, 10 000 BP [23, 24];5, Vasilyevka II, Late Mesolithic, 8020–7620 BP [30];6, Vovnigi II, Dnieper–Donec Neolithic culture, 5470–4783 BC [30];7, Vedrovice, ancient Danubian, LnK [26, 36];8, Pendimoun, ancient Mediterranean Neolithic, 5570–5270 BC [6];9, Ensisheim, LnK, 6155± 39 BP [1];10, Trasano, Neolithic culture from Passo di Corvo-Catignano; ten datations from 6330± 70 to 5910± 65 BP, around 5000 BC [16];11, Grotta Patrizi, Neolithic culture from Sasso, transition VIth–Vth millenium BC [16]; 12, Concheiro da Moita do Sebastião, Muge, Portugal, Mesolithic around 6000 BC [22]. https://scispace.com/papers/the-antitumor-effects-of-an-arsthinol-cyclodextrin-complex-5dq3duzvn9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-chemical-structure-of-stb-acgtuugk.png Fig. 1: The chemical structure of STB. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1h-nmr-chemical-shifts-d-of-stb-and-hydroxypropyl-b-2ripjg2d.png Table 1: 1H NMR chemical shifts (δ) of STB and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPßCD) Proton Type δ (ppm) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-amount-of-arsenic-in-organs-of-mice-treated-with-stb-3rcocr9f.png Table 3: Amount of arsenic in organs of mice treated with STB*HPßCD during 28 days.. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phase-solubility-diagrams-of-stb-in-the-presence-of-3qtyc9i9.png Fig. 2. Phase solubility diagrams of STB in the presence of RAMEßCD (-!) or HPßCD (-!-) in distilled water at 25°C. Mean ± S.D. https://scispace.com/papers/the-applicability-of-context-based-multicast-a-shopping-10n2445l1o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-number-of-streams-3f340t0k.png Fig. 1. Number of Streams. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-services-distribution-10gol3bt.png Table 2. Services Distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sasg-visitor-frequency-by-type-and-time-of-day-jqla5jle.png Table 1. SASG visitor frequency by type and time of day. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-financial-analysis-3ivw46b2.png Table 3. Results of financial analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/the-apache-point-observatory-galactic-evolution-experiment-1jzl7jo9hy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-velocity-vgsr-histograms-of-eight-apogee-bulge-1fdfyepl.png Figure 2. Velocity (VGSR) histograms of eight APOGEE bulge fields showing a dual-peak structure, using 20 km s−1 binning. A two-Gaussian model (see the text) is fitted to the data to determine the central velocity of both peaks (blue/red lines). The solid black line is the sum of the two components. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-velocity-vgsr-histograms-fractions-of-the-apogee-2pmhyi49.png Figure 4. Velocity (VGSR) histograms (fractions) of the APOGEE fields (black solid line and shaded region), compared to a variety of models and other data. The population synthesis “Besançon” model of Robin et al. (2003, 2012), which incorporates multiple kinematical prescriptions as described in Section 3.1 (BGM, blue). The N-body model of Kazantzidis et al. (2008) with an initial disk scale height of 200 pc as described in Section 3.2 (green). The N-body model of Martinez-Valpuesta & Gerhard (2011) as described in Section 3.3 (MVG, red). Integrated H i data within the field’s FOV from the LAB survey (Kalberla et al. 2005, dotted black line scaled up by a factor of five). Predicted distribution of stars from the Sagittarius dSph streams, according to the model of Law & Majewski (2010, purple line scaled down by a factor of three). The Sagittarius model has been limited to points that could possibly fall within the APOGEE sample (i.e., we assumed all points had tip-RGB magnitudes, calculated their apparent magnitude, and removed all points too faint to be included in the sample). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-coverage-of-apogee-commissioning-fields-white-27cj6j1q.png Figure 1. (a) Coverage of APOGEE commissioning fields (white circles) in the Galactic bulge and inner disk regions. The eight fields with distinct high-velocity peaks are marked with black dots. The background image is the 2MASS Ks band (Skrutskie et al. 2006) showing the boxy bulge. The Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal is indicated by an ellipse. (b) Reddening-corrected Hess diagram of all observed stars (gray scale) with the high-velocity stars with [J − Ks]0 0.5 shown as red dots. The high-velocity thresholds in Table 1, which represent the RV of the “trough” between the main peak and the high-velocity peak, were used to select the high-velocity stars from each field. Fiducial Girardi et al. (2002) isochrones (2 Gyr, [Fe/H] = 0.0) are shown at distances of 5/10/30 kpc (blue/green/red). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-apogee-bulge-fields-yav7oq6e.png Table 1 APOGEE Bulge Fields https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-position-velocity-diagram-of-the-two-component-1dqg8daa.png Figure 3. (a) Position–velocity diagram of the two-component Gaussian fits to the APOGEE bulge RV histograms, with main peaks in blue and high-velocity peaks in red. Gaussian FWHM values are indicated by the vertical lines. A general trend is seen in the high-velocity component, with mean velocity first rising with longitude and then slowly falling at longitudes above l ≈ 6◦–7◦. The mean velocities of the main components fall close to the theoretical disk trend calculated from a simple rotation curve (VGSR = 220 sin l; black). (b–e) Spatial distribution of particles in the Kazantzidis 200 pc scale-height model (upper panels, b+c) and the MVG model (lower panels, d+e). All particles are shown in the left panels (b+d) while the right panels (c+e) show the distribution of particles with VGSR > 150 km s−1 which live on the leading edge of the bar. The Sun’s position is at (0,−8.5) which is off the lower edge of the panels. The black contours outline the general shape of the model MW bar. https://scispace.com/papers/the-aperture-for-uhe-tau-neutrinos-of-the-auger-fluorescence-rpymt0xje7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-total-effective-aperture-a-en-is-plotted-versus-3svncj8a.png Fig. 3. The total effective aperture A(Eν) is plotted versus the neutrino energy (solid line). The dashed line corresponds to the same quantity as obtained in ref. [15] for H = 30 km. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-yearly-expected-number-of-down-going-events-at-the-2tkhgkev.png Table 2 Yearly expected number of down-going events at the FD, due to the showering of νe and ντ inside the Auger fiducial volume. The different predictions refer to the same fluxes of Table 1 and to a zenith angle larger than 60◦. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-3d-map-in-longitude-and-latitude-of-the-area-around-2n8787xx.png Fig. 1. A 3D map in longitude and latitude of the area around Auger with the elevation (not to scale) expressed in meters. The Auger position and surface, approximated to a rectangle, is indicated in red. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-simplified-scheme-of-the-auger-fiducial-volume-is-1k7maftn.png Fig. 2. A simplified scheme of the Auger fiducial volume is represented (height not to scale). The lateral surfaces are labelled by their orientation. Two examples of entering tracks are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-effective-apertures-aa-en-defined-in-eq-15-are-jg7vkfgq.png Fig. 4. The effective apertures Aa(Eν) defined in Eq. (15) are plotted versus the neutrino energy. The thin solid line corresponds to the same quantity as obtained in ref. [15] for H = 30 km. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-yearly-rate-of-earth-skimming-events-at-the-fd-for-1azybbbb.png Table 1 Yearly rate of Earth-skimming events at the FD for the different neutrino fluxes considered in ref. [15]. The number of τ ’s showering into the fiducial volume that enter through each lateral surface are reported, as well as the total number of events for each flux. For comparison, we include the corresponding results from ref. [15]. https://scispace.com/papers/the-application-of-a-simple-spatial-multi-criteria-analysis-19vkmyvxzp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-3-location-of-the-west-hume-area-of-southern-new-south-3qqp4bxx.png Fig. 5.3. Location of the West Hume area of southern New South Wales https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-6-a-representation-of-potential-productivity-for-1w5de1dx.png Fig. 5.6. A representation of potential productivity for livestock grazing in the Australian rangelands https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-5-scope-for-public-intervention-in-rangeland-3bjk2xx7.png Fig. 5.5. Scope for public intervention in rangeland management (adapted from Stafford-Smith et al. 2000) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-4-a-mcas-s-workspace-linking-spatial-rule-layers-to-482ahfud.png Fig. 5.4. A MCAS-S workspace linking spatial rule layers to prioritise revegetation in West Hume https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-multi-criteria-analysis-applications-and-software-14z1jqly.png Table 5.1. Multi-criteria analysis applications and software development: a selected list of GIS-based and standalone software-based applications https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-8-a-multi-way-analysis-of-potential-productivity-2sr0ojx4.png Fig. 5.8. A multi-way analysis of potential productivity, resource sensitivity and total grazing pressure https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-weighting-and-ranking-for-biodiversity-and-2rxwc9nu.png Table 5.2. Weighting and ranking for biodiversity and salinity guidelines https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-2-flow-chart-for-mcas-s-showing-stages-and-26lp8vy6.png Fig. 5.2. Flow chart for MCAS-S showing stages and functionality https://scispace.com/papers/the-application-of-an-agent-based-impact-analysis-to-a-niwetsa2uh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sub-system-impact-results-for-the-volcanic-8j3w1nj1.png Figure 4. Sub-system impact results for the volcanic disruption scenario https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-graph-showing-the-sub-system-impact-for-the-short-3ql4npbq.png Figure 7. Graph showing the sub-system impact for the short closure scenario https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bfs-and-lhr-impact-results-for-the-volcanic-1cinbb1e.png Figure 5. BFS and LHR impact results for the volcanic disruption scenario https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-graph-showing-sub-system-impact-for-the-short-1cdhf1qt.png Figure 8. Graph showing sub-system impact for the short closure with diversion scenario https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-graph-showing-the-sub-system-impact-results-for-the-337cv4h7.png Figure 9. Graph showing the sub-system impact results for the full day closure scenario https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-between-real-world-delays-and-3updgxqc.png Figure 3. Comparison between real world delays and computation impact from model simulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-system-impact-results-for-the-volcanic-ash-scenario-1q6iatjc.png Figure 6. System impact results for the volcanic ash scenario and corresponding, mapped sub-system impacts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-uk-and-ireland-atm-system-protocol-2htldnns.png Figure 2. UK and Ireland ATM system protocol https://scispace.com/papers/the-application-of-the-cathodic-arc-to-plasma-assisted-4k4mijbwda 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-bonded-hydrogen-to-carbon-ratio-estimated-from-3mmxusew.png FIG. 12. The bonded hydrogen to carbon ratio estimated from the ir spectrum for the nonbiased and 400 V negative biased films deposited at 10 sccm acetylene flow rate. Also shown in the figure is the bonded hydrogen content for thea-C:H film from dc glow discharge deposition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-tem-plane-view-image-of-a-film-floated-from-a-salt-2itmy3gt.png FIG. 8. A TEM plane view image of a film floated from a salt crystal substrate and deposited at 3 sccm acetylene flow rate and 200 V negative substrate bias. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-plasmon-energy-andsp3-fraction-as-a-function-of-36xk9ze3.png FIG. 6. The plasmon energy andsp3 fraction as a function of negative substrate bias for films deposited in PACVD mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-sem-image-taken-for-a-film-on-si-100-wafer-substrate-37z0p702.png FIG. 7. A SEM image taken for a film on Si~100! wafer substrate deposited at 3 sccm acetylene flow rate and 200 V negative substrate bias. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-typical-electron-diffraction-pattern-under-plane-1n5q21oh.png FIG. 9. A typical electron diffraction pattern under plane view of polycrystalline particles in the films deposited at biased condition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-plasmon-energy-andsp3-fraction-as-a-function-of-3m01qqb0.png FIG. 4. The plasmon energy andsp3 fraction as a function of acetylene flow rate for films deposited under nonbiased substrate condition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-plasmon-energy-squared-as-a-function-of-the-1sookade.png FIG. 2. The plasmon energy squared as a function of the measured compressive stress in the ta-C:H films. For comparison, the plasmon energy squared for the glow discharge depositeda-C:H film is also shown. https://scispace.com/papers/the-application-of-structured-feedforward-neural-networks-to-3utom1taab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-currency-in-circulation-dtc4vqc2.png Figure 3.1: Currency in Circulation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-seasonal-factors-and-shocks-1x8l4snm.png Table 3.1: Seasonal factors and shocks https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-seasonal-factors-and-shocks-included-in-the-arima-1n2dlzr1.png Table 4.1: Seasonal factors and shocks included in the ARIMA model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2-neural-network-out-of-sample-residuals-3g3ql4kx.png Figure 6.2: Neural network out-of-sample residuals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-4-correlogram-of-arima-in-sample-residuals-nkeiq1v0.png Figure 6.4: Correlogram of ARIMA in sample residuals https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-summary-of-final-neural-network-model-topology-35ruqj0j.png Table 5.1: Summary of final neural network model topology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-arima-out-of-sample-residuals-2ku47ysi.png Figure 6.1: ARIMA out-of-sample residuals https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-rmse-and-diebold-mariano-test-results-3jwa1djq.png Table 6.1: RMSE and Diebold-Mariano test results https://scispace.com/papers/the-application-of-an-optimal-transport-to-a-preconditioned-1jtxjstpu9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-comparison-between-the-penalty-term-of-our-2sb6amok.png Figure 1: A comparison between the penalty term of our proposed misfit function and AWI when set the approximated Dirac Delta function to be a Gaussian function with (a) a large; and (b) a small standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-the-initial-model-b-the-inverted-model-1ixn7t3r.png Figure 3: a) The initial model ; b) The inverted model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-right-panel-is-the-shot-record-of-the-real-seismic-2bnh2j3r.png Figure 4: Right panel is the shot record of the real seismic data while left panel is the modeled one from a) the initial model ; b) the inverted model. https://scispace.com/papers/the-application-of-machine-learning-in-multi-sensor-data-258i3ncan0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-six-different-degrees-of-freedom-7-b-2sufcxip.png Figure 1. (a) The six different degrees of freedom [7] (b) Coordinate system relative to a device [5] https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-confusion-matrix-for-bagging-with-mlp-and-random-39uonm7r.png Table 4. Confusion Matrix for Bagging with MLP and Random Forests as the base classifiers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-performance-comparison-with-and-without-noise-2yf63d3w.png Figure 4. Performance comparison with and without noise reduction - % correct total event predictions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-accelerometer-and-gyroscope-data-after-using-a-2wtdtdg9.png Figure 3. Accelerometer and Gyroscope Data after using a Moving Everage Filter for Noise https://scispace.com/papers/the-application-of-ion-implantation-to-the-study-of-5d5n7jjreu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-diffusion-data-for-b-in-si-2l454u86.png TABLE 1: SUMMARY OF DIFFUSION DATA FOR B IN SI https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-plot-of-d-d-versus-p-p-for-b-diffusions-in-si-the-3443bysy.png Fig. 3: A plot of (D/D.) versus (p/p.) for B diffusions in Si. The data shown is from Ihls work (1006°C O ) , (1100°C © ) ; Wagner re i000°C) Ref. 15; Kendal and DeVries (9 1250°C) Ref. 16; and Ga data of Makris and Masters ( A950°C) Ref. 8. The lines are calculations based on values of G of 6 ( ) , 10 ( ) and 19 ( -). https://scispace.com/papers/the-appropriateness-of-adapting-the-australian-environmental-3aq7gfs1b1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-eight-principles-of-design-underpinning-the-eat-hc-315d3t3n.png Table 1. Eight Principles of Design underpinning the EAT-HC (Fleming and Bennett, 2015b, p. 3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-level-of-acceptance-of-the-eight-principles-of-at8orsqf.png Table 3. Level of acceptance of the eight principles of design https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographics-of-participants-16zez00g.png Table 2. Demographics of Participants https://scispace.com/papers/the-arabidopsis-class-viii-myosin-atm2-is-involved-in-3t35axjbe4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-coexpression-of-atm2-tail-constructs-the-three-atm2-289u9cuk.png Fig. 4. Coexpression of ATM2 tail constructs. The three ATM2 tails, ATM2 tail-long::RFP, YFP::ATM2 tail-short, and YFP::ATM2 tail-long were assessed for colocalization in epidermal cells of N. benthamiana by using CLSM. A–C: Coexpression of YFP::ATM2 tail-short (A) and ATM2 taillong::RFP (B). D–F: Coexpression of YFP::ATM2 tail-long (D) and ATM2 tail-long::RFP (E). (C,F) Respective merged images. The bar in A–C coresponds to 150 lm, in D–F to 30 lm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cladogram-and-alignment-of-the-arabidopsis-thaliana-2rbfyhhq.png Fig. 1. Cladogram and alignment of the Arabidopsis thaliana class VIII myosin amino acid sequences. A: The cladogram is based on the alignment (Clustalw) of the full-length amino acid sequences and was calculated with the Gonnet 250 matrix. B: The alignment of the four globular tail domains, C-terminally starting with the amino acid after the last IQ repeat, was performed with clustalw (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ Tools/clustalw/index.html). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-representation-of-atm2-and-atm1-fluorescent-1hf4yz1b.png Fig. 2. Schematic representation of ATM2 and ATM1 fluorescent protein fusion constructs. cDNA fragments of the Arabidopsis thaliana class VIII myosins, ATM1 and ATM2, were fused in frame with the YFP or RFP cDNA at the C-terminal or N-terminal end. The positions of the amino acids based on the full length protein sequence is shown for each construct. https://scispace.com/papers/the-approximate-loebl-komlos-sos-conjecture-ii-the-rough-3jlnqswnj5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-the-reason-for-requiring-5-2-in-the-setting-of-h2-rrklybkr.png Figure 5.1: The reason for requiring (5.2) in the setting of (H2). Consider two edges C1D1, C2D2 ∈ M such that only C2D2 satisfies (5.2). At some point during the embedding of T , we may need to use the high-degree property of clusters in L. When doing so we cannot guarantee that we will fill the edges of M in an efficient way. That is, we may end up filling D1 and D2 completely and leaving C1 and C2 untouched. If this happens, both regular pairs C1D1 and C2D2 are useless for embedding further shrubs. The used space in C2D2 equals the degree from A to C2D2. That is, we do not expect to embed anything more in the edge C2D2. The condition degGreg (A,L ∪ V (M)) > K ensures that we find free space somewhere else in the cluster graph to complete our embedding. Clearly, the pair C1D1 does not have this favourable feature: the number of vertices used by the embedding is only half the degree of A to C1D1. In this case, the condition degGreg(A,L ∪ V (M)) > K is not strong enough. We do not need a counterpart of (5.2) for NGreg (B). The reason is that we can schedule our embedding process in such a way that when we use the high-degree property of L we have already exhausted the degree from B to M . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4-a-simplified-computation-showing-that-k1-k2-leads-390wg54j.png Figure 5.4: A simplified computation showing that ¬(K1), ¬(K2) leads to a contradiction. Denoting by x the size of S0\V (MA∪MB) we get ① |XC| 6 2x. On the other hand, each vertex of XA emanates & k edges which are absorbed by the sets V1(MA), S \ (V (MA ∪MB) ∪ S0), and XC. The vertices of V1(MA) and S \ (V (MA ∪ MB) ∪ S0) can absorb . k edges. The vertices of XC receive . k 2 edges of XA by (5.24). This leads to ② |XC| > 2x, doubling the size of the “excess” vertices of XA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-the-situation-in-g-after-applying-lemma-4-8-the-31y4n8yc.png Figure 5.3: The situation in G after applying Lemma 4.8. The dotted line illustrates the separation as in (III). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-specific-notation-used-in-the-series-89buvex4.png Table 2.1: Specific notation used in the series. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-an-example-of-a-graph-g-lks-n-k-e-1-10-in-which-vmx1xyrs.png Figure 5.2: An example of a graph G ∈ LKS(n, k, η := 1 10 ) in which Greg is empty, yet there is no candidate set for XA of vertices which have degrees at least k outside the set S0. Sample dense spots are shown in grey. https://scispace.com/papers/the-appnl-g-f-mouse-retina-is-a-site-for-preclinical-v4k121p5mv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-locally-reactivated-microglia-and-macrogliosis-in-the-14jx7215.png Fig. 4 Locally reactivated microglia and macrogliosis in the retinas of aged AppNL-G-F mice. a, b Quantification of microglial density (a) and soma area (b) on Iba1-labeled retinal wholemounts of 3- to 18-month-old AppNL-G-F and WT mice reveals no differences between genotypes when analyzed for the entire retina. An effect of aging was observed for microglia density (Two-way ANOVA, F4,33 = 2.976, p = 0.0334); n = 3–6. c Morphometric analysis of plaque-associated microglia versus microglia distant from Aβ plaques in 18-month-old AppNL-G-F x CX3CR-1 GFP/+ retinas reveals that plaque-associated microglia have a larger soma, which is indicative of their activation. Unpaired two-tailed t-test (t63 = 2.614, p = 0.0112); n = 2–40 cells from 6 mice. d–g Representative images of immunostaining for Aβ (6E10) on retinal wholemounts of 18-month-old CX3CR-1GFP/+ (d–e) and AppNL-G-F x CX3CR-1 GFP/+ mice (f–g), illustrating that green fluorescent microglia surrounding Aβ plaques display morphological alterations typical for reactive microglia, with thicker and less ramified processes and a larger soma. h Counting the number of GFAP+ radial fibers on retinal sections of AppNL-G-F and WT mice shows that macrogliosis increases with age, and significantly differs between genotypes at 18 months. Two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparisons test (F4,50 = 34.02 for the effect of age, F1,50 = 4.411 for the effect of genotype, p = 0.0432); n = 5–8. i–j Representative images of a GFAP immunostaining on retinal cross-sections of 18-month-old WT (i) and AppNL-G-F (j) mice. k Quantification of the S100B immunopositive area on retinal sections of 18-month-old AppNL-G-F and WT mice shows astrogliosis in the AppNL-G-F retina. Unpaired two-tailed t-test (t12 = 3.358, p = 0.0057); n = 7. (l-m) Representative images of the S100B immunostaining on WT (l) and AppNL-G-F (m) retinas. Scalebar (d–g): 20 µm, scalebar (i, j, l, m): 50 µm. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. GCL = ganglion cell layer, IPL = inner plexiform layer, INL = inner nuclear layer, OPL = outer plexiform layer, ONL = outer nuclear layer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-neuronal-dysfunction-yet-no-degeneration-in-the-retina-1oy828lh.png Fig. 3 Neuronal dysfunction yet no degeneration in the retina of AppNL-G-F mice. a Representative electroretinogram measurements, with increasing light intensities, in 18-month-old AppNL-G-F (green) and WT (blue) mice. b, c The amplitude of the a-wave is unaffected in AppNL-G-F mice of 18 months (b), yet the latency time is decreased for the lowest light intensity (c). Two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparisons test (F1,85 = 23.14 for the effect of genotype, p < 0.0001); n = 8–10. d, e Oscillatory potentials show a similar wave front (measured as the area under the curve, AUC) (d), but a reduced latency in 18-month-old AppNL-G-F mice (e), compared to WT. Two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparisons test (F1,80 = 37.14 for the effect of genotype, p = 0.0013, 0.0124, 0.0378 for 0.01, 0.1 and 1 cd*s/m2 respectively); n = 8–10. f, g Similarly, the amplitude of the b-wave is unaltered (f), but the latency time is decreased in 18-month-old AppNL-G-F mice compared to WT mice (g). Two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparisons test (F1,97 = 27.90 for the effect of genotype, p = 0.0206 and 0.044 for 0.1 and 1 cd*s/m2); n = 8–10. Full electroretinogram data is given in Supplementary Fig. 2. h, i Analysis of the thickness of the retinal layers, as measured by optical coherence tomography, shows no differences between AppNL-G-F and WT mice from 2 to 18 months of age (h), with the exception of a thinning of the outer nuclear layer (i). Two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparisons test (F1,106 = 32.14 for the effect of genotype, p = 0.0016 and p < 0.0001 for 12 and 18 months, respectively); n = 8–9. j, k Representative optical coherence tomography images of WT (j) and AppNL-G-F (k) retinas. Dotted lines delineate the outer nuclear layer. l Quantification of RBPMS+ retinal ganglion cell density reveals ganglion cell loss in 18-month-old AppNL-G-F compared to WT mice. Unpaired two-tailed t test (t14 = 2.745,p = 0.0158); n = 8. m, n Cell counts of melanopsin+ ganglion cells (m) and ChAT+ neurons (n) show no differences in numbers between 18-month-old AppNL-G-F and WT mice. o A longitudinal study of visual acuity in AppNL-G-F mice from 3 till 18 months revealed a decrease with age but no genotype differences. Two-way ANOVA (F10,180 = 21.11 for the effect of age, F1,180 = 0.1149 for the effect of genotype); n = 9. Scale bar: 25 µm. Data are depicted as mean ± SEM; RNFL = retinal nerve fiber layer, GCL = ganglion cell layer, IPL = inner plexiform layer, INL = inner nuclear layer, OPL = outer plexiform layer, ONL = outer nuclear layer, PL = photoreceptor layer https://scispace.com/papers/the-architecture-of-attention-group-structure-and-subsidiary-uc1jh5sntz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-responsiveness-to-industry-growth-and-ownership-2qr4vgd7.png Table 5. Responsiveness to Industry Growth and Ownership Level https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1a-distribution-of-group-assets-by-corporate-group-12xbdw0m.png Figure 1a. Distribution of Group Assets by Corporate Group Depth https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-managerial-practices-supporting-decentralization-and-3qrzbu61.png Table 4. Managerial Practices Supporting Decentralization and Ownership Level https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-responsiveness-to-industry-growth-and-ownership-2drnj9lz.png Table 6. Responsiveness to Industry Growth and Ownership Level: Variation by subsidiary characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-perceived-autonomy-by-subsidiary-managers-and-1iw9i8l7.png Table 3. Perceived Autonomy by Subsidiary Managers and Ownership Level https://scispace.com/papers/the-architecture-of-the-cornell-knowledge-broker-2tvhaq84k6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-archive-components-37henpwn.png Fig. 4. Archive components https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-local-information-sphere-1kjxzfa0.png Fig. 2. Local information sphere https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-information-sphere-architecture-i6w3x3mv.png Fig. 1. Information sphere architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cornell-knowledge-broker-ng58sfrw.png Fig. 3. Cornell Knowledge Broker https://scispace.com/papers/the-archway-project-architecture-for-research-in-computing-2m6futp0tk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-archway-approach-to-management-of-xml-thov7asm.png Figure 8: The ARCHway approach to management of XML. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scriptext-tool-1g1mmkkz.png Figure 3: ScripText tool. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-flatten-tool-m64ijtfz.png Figure 6: FlaTTen tool. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-overlay-tool-15ngmpp9.png Figure 4: Overlay tool https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-glossary-tool-9cteswn0.png Figure 1: Glossary tool. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-schematic-view-of-the-ept-architecture-3kq2npmf.png Figure 7: Schematic view of the EPT architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-search-tool-16xakpjc.png Figure 5: Search tool. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tagger-tool-1nuev6u5.png Figure 2: Tagger tool. https://scispace.com/papers/the-arctic-sea-butterfly-limacina-helicina-lipids-and-life-4wv7cogrmt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-l-helicina-fatty-acid-composition-mass-percent-of-yzxqx8o7.png Table 3 L. helicina. Fatty acid composition (mass, percent) of total lipid, during 20 May–17 September 2001. Means±SD are percentage values of total fatty acids. Veligers have SD based on only two replicates of 40 and 60 individuals, respectively https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-pteropod-limacina-helicina-with-measurement-of-1xtt8fhy.png Fig. 1 The pteropod Limacina helicina with measurement of diameter. Photo: Erling Svensen https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-map-of-kongsfjorden-and-spitsbergen-d3ec00p6.png Fig. 2 Map of Kongsfjorden and Spitsbergen https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-l-helicina-from-kongsfjorden-size-distributions-from-f9lok0z4.png Fig. 3 L. helicina from Kongsfjorden. Size distributions from six time periods from May to September 2001. Individuals were collected with WP-2 and WP-3 nets (black columns) or sampled from the surface (grey columns). Vel veliger https://scispace.com/papers/the-arecibo-430-mhz-intermediate-galactic-latitude-survey-9faul7uz1u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-five-newly-found-pulsars-with-bgis74u0.png TABLE 1 Characteristics of the Five Newly Found Pulsars with Known Phase-coherent Timing Solutions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-difference-between-the-measured-toas-and-the-3emsvd29.png Fig. 5.—Difference between the measured TOAs and the prediction of the timing models for six of the newly discovered pulsars. These are displayed with offsets of 20, 16, 12, 8, 4, and 0 ms for clarity. There are no rotation ambiguities between the late 1990s data and the 2002/2003 data; the prefit phase error for the latter data was typically less than 2%. For PSR J2016+1948 only the time coverage is indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-cross-section-of-the-galaxy-at-the-galactic-160bvydk.png Fig. 1.—Schematic cross section of the Galaxy at the Galactic longitudes being probed, with some vertical exaggeration for clarity. Both the ILS and the Galactic surveys are probing essentially the same ‘‘ normal ’’ pulsar population, mainly old ‘‘ normal ’’ pulsars, with ages of tens to hundreds ofMyr. The main difference between the two should be the higher fraction of recycled objects for the ILS survey. The telescope can see beyond the scale height of the pulsar population. The consequence of this is that the pulsars detected in ILS are, on average, less numerous and closer to the Earth than those found in the Galactic surveys. Because of the large concentrations of plasma near the Galactic plane, a survey at 430 MHz cannot detect young pulsars because they lie beyond its DM limit. The ParkesMulti-Beam survey was designed to probe this region at 1400MHz, discovering many young pulsars. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-three-pulsars-without-coherent-3920i0dc.png TABLE 2 Characteristics of Three Pulsars without Coherent Timing Solutions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-17-2-minute-observation-of-psr-j1819-1305-at-430-mhz-zldo7xnv.png Fig. 6.—17.2 minute observation of PSR J1819+1305 at 430 MHz. The data, obtained on 2002 December 29, were dedispersed at 64.9 cm 3 pc and folded according to the ephemeris in Table 1. The gray-scale plot represents the pulsar’s intensity as a function of rotational longitude (horizontal axis; only a small portion of the whole cycle is visible) and of pulse number (vertical axis). In the lower plot, we present the integrated pulse profile. In the vertical plot on the left, we present the pulse intensity as a function of pulse number. There the periodic nature of the nulling becomes apparent. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pointings-made-during-the-intermediate-latitude-survey-31zqbh22.png Fig. 2.—Pointings made during the Intermediate Latitude Survey, in Galactic coordinates. The unfilled triangles represent previously known pulsars; the filled triangles represent the new pulsars. Each pointing covers approximately the physical size of its representing dot at more than 50% of the sensitivity of the center of the beam. The dashed lines represent the southern declination limit, the zenith declination, and the northern declination limit of the Arecibo radio telescope. The database for known pulsars is the Australia Telescope National Facility Pulsar Catalogue, which includes the pulsars found in the Parkes multibeam surveys. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-minimum-detectable-flux-density-of-the-present-survey-1y8b2iam.png Fig. 3.—Minimum detectable flux density of the present survey (with S=N ¼ 9:0) for two pulsar periods, 5 ms (dashed line) and 365ms (solid line), as a function of DM, assuming a duty cycle of 5% and interstellar scattering as detailed in Cordes (2002). The lighter curves, indicated with an ‘‘ S,’’ represent the minimum flux density at 430MHz of the weakest pulsars with the same periods detectable by the Swinburne survey (Edwards et al. 2001), assuming a relatively flat spectral index of 1.2 (a more negative spectral index would cause an even greater discrepancy in sensitivities between the two surveys). The steps seen at high DMs are due to the harmonics of the pulsar’s fundamental frequency (due to each pulsar’s peculiar pulse profile, in this case a square wave) becoming undetectable, for having a higher frequency than the time resolution of the experiment at the givenDM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pulse-profiles-at-430-mhz-for-the-nine-pulsars-2djvau8a.png Fig. 4.—Pulse profiles at 430 MHz for the nine pulsars discovered in this survey, obtained by averaging the best detections. For the six pulsars we have timed, these are also the templates used in deriving the TOAs. The dips before and after the pulse profiles are caused by the fact that the PSPM is a four-bit machine that subtracts the radio intensity signal from a running average; this significantly reduces the amount of data to be acquired. https://scispace.com/papers/the-arecibo-legacy-fast-alfa-survey-ix-the-leo-region-hi-4t89oo75lc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-map-of-the-region-around-ngc-3389-derived-from-the-jx5ssinc.png Fig. 5.—: Map of the region around NGC 3389 derived from the ALFALFA dataset over the velocity range 1123 km s−1 to 1487 km s−1, overlaid on an SDSS r-band image. HI contours are drawn at 0.75, 1.0, 1.45, 2.9, 4.4, 7.3, 8.7, 10, 20, 26, 35, 40, 45, and 50 mJy per beam (units are left in mJy per beam as some of the emission is resolved). The open circle represents the ALFA HPBW of ∼4′. The three optical galaxies in the system (N3389, CGCG 066-025, and CGCG 066-029) are labeled. The bright S0 galaxy, NGC 3384, and the bright elliptical galaxy, NGC 3379, seen to the northwest of NGC 3389 are foreground galaxies located in the center of the Leo Ring (see Figure 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-hi-candidate-detections-1sxandjn.png TABLE 8: HI Candidate Detections https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-leo-i-m66-group-membership-1kjjixej.png TABLE 3: Leo I - M66 Group Membership https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-himf-for-leo-i-with-a-linear-fit-overplotted-the-hsjxgiow.png Fig. 10.—: The HIMF for Leo I with a linear fit overplotted. The low-mass end slope is well-constrained even given the small sample size due to the large (69%) contribution of low-mass galaxies to the sample. The slope of the linear fit translates to a Schechter function with a low-mass end slope of α = −1.41+ 0.2− 0.1. No objects are found with MHI > 10 10M⊙. The lack of high-mass galaxies is noted by a downward arrow and suggests that the φ∗ and log(M∗) parameters to the best fit Schechter function should be considered approximations at best. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-results-of-single-pixel-targeted-hi-observations-3urljfm6.png TABLE 10: Results of Single Pixel, Targeted HI Observations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distributions-of-properties-of-the-sources-from-the-1mlvwazj.png Fig. 1.—: Distributions of properties of the sources from the region (9h36m < α < 11h36m and +04◦ < δ < +16◦. (a) shows the redshift distribution in km s−1 with arrows indicating the most significant interruptions due to radio frequency interference (arrow size reflects rfi strength), (b) shows the velocity width distribution in km s−1, (c) shows the integrated flux distribution in Jy km s−1, (d) shows the S/N distribution, and (e) shows the HI mass distribution in solar mass units. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-continued-y7k03iqz.png TABLE 9: — Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-comparison-of-the-low-mass-slope-a-for-different-1zsuzjnz.png TABLE 7: Comparison of the low-mass slope α for different HIMFs https://scispace.com/papers/the-arnoldi-process-and-gmres-for-nearly-symmetric-matrices-4i6c4rrkfp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-3-residual-norms-for-algorithm-4-4-applied-to-the-data-2p7qg7fw.png Fig. 5.3. Residual norms for Algorithm 4.4 applied to the data of Example 5.2. For comparison, we show both the norm of the exact residuals ‖b−Axk‖ (symbol ) and the recursive residual norms |γk| (symbol ), which are of the same size. The norm of the residuals r′k obtained by standard GMRES (symbol ◦) and by restarted GMRES(14) (symbol ×) are also displayed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-2-orthonormality-of-the-arnoldi-vectors-for-example-5-35tkrw5s.png Fig. 5.2. Orthonormality of the Arnoldi vectors for Example 5.1: ‖Ik − V ∗k Vk‖2 as a function of k for Algorithm 4.4 (symbol ) and standard GMRES (symbol ◦). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1-residual-norms-for-algorithm-4-4-applied-to-the-data-80yf23kv.png Fig. 5.1. Residual norms for Algorithm 4.4 applied to the data of Example 5.1. For comparison, we show both the norm of the exact residuals ‖b − Axk‖ (symbol ) and the recursively computed residual norms |γk| (symbol ), as well as the norm of the residuals r′k (symbol ◦) obtained by standard GMRES, which are all of the same size. In contrast, restarted GMRES(10) (symbol ×) fails to converge. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-7-residual-norms-for-algorithm-4-4-applied-to-the-data-xzjlqvix.png Fig. 5.7. Residual norms for Algorithm 4.4 applied to the data of Example 5.3. For comparison, we show both the norm of the exact residuals ‖b−Axk‖ (symbol ) and the recursive residual norms |γk| (symbol ), which are of the same size, and smaller than those obtained by restarted GMRES(14) (symbol ×). The norms of the residuals r′k obtained by the standard GMRES (symbol ◦) are much smaller for k ≥ 30. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-8-orthonormality-of-the-arnoldi-vectors-for-example-5-3pp5z97a.png Fig. 5.8. Orthonormality of the Arnoldi vectors for Example 5.3: (a) ‖Ik − V ∗k Vk‖2 as a function of k for Algorithm 4.4 (symbol ) and standard GMRES (symbol ◦). (b) From bottom to top, ‖Im+1 − V ∗m−k:kVm−k:k‖2 as a function of k for m= 1, 2, . . . , 5 for Algorithm 4.4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-6-orthonormality-of-the-arnoldi-vectors-for-example-5-3q9xi84z.png Fig. 5.6. Orthonormality of the Arnoldi vectors for Example 5.3: (a) ‖Ik − V ∗k Vk‖2 as a function of k for Algorithm 4.4 (symbol ) and standard GMRES (symbol ◦). (b) From bottom to top, ‖Im+1 − V ∗m−k:kVm−k:k‖2 as a function of k for m= 1, 2, . . . , 5 for Algorithm 4.4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-5-residual-norms-for-algorithm-4-4-applied-to-the-data-3n1h9z3q.png Fig. 5.5. Residual norms for Algorithm 4.4 applied to the data of Example 5.3. For comparison, we display both the norm of the exact residuals ‖b − Axk‖ (symbol ) and the recursive residual norms |γk| (symbol ), which are of the same size, and slightly smaller than those obtained for restarted GMRES(14) (symbol ×). The norms of the residuals r′k determined by standard GMRES (symbol ◦) are somewhat smaller for k ≥ 21. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-4-orthonormality-of-the-arnoldi-vectors-for-example-5-3cu3jivg.png Fig. 5.4. Orthonormality of the Arnoldi vectors for Example 5.2: ‖Ik − V ∗k Vk‖2 as a function of k for Algorithm 4.4 (symbol ) and standard GMRES (symbol ◦). https://scispace.com/papers/the-arrangement-of-the-deep-cervical-fascia-4qfdbbjr1y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-iva-qt4nl621.png FIGURE IVA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-schematic-transverse-section-of-the-anterior-part-2udvu8sv.png FIGURE I. Schematic transverse section of the anterior part .of the left half of the neck at the level of the sixth cervical vertebra, to show the arrangement of the fascia at that leveL (e ,co common carotid, IJ = internal jugular, Le = longus ce·r·vicis, LSc � levator scapulre, OE = resophagus, OH = omo-hyoid, SeA = scalenus ante·ri01', sea = semispinalis capitis, ScM = scalenus medius, See = semispinalis cervicis, SH = sterno-hyoid, SM = sterno mastoid, Sp = splenius, ST = sterno-thyreoid, T = trapezius, TG = thyreoid gland, Tr = trachea, l' = sixth cervical vertebra, l' A ·= vertebral artery.) The fascial planes are indicated by broken lines. https://scispace.com/papers/the-artificial-epigenetic-network-6cxxes4t2p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-an-illustration-of-the-induced-fit-hypothesis-20grsjol.png Figure 2.1: An illustration of the induced fit hypothesis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-3-the-parameter-values-which-are-used-within-the-3dazw6e3.png Table 10.3: The parameter values which are used within the task. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-vertical-gene-transfer-from-parent-to-child-2ywn1zlr.png Figure 3.1: Vertical gene transfer from parent to child. Initially there are two parents. Recombination and mutation can create a child with properties of both their parents, modified by random change. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-6-an-example-of-mutation-within-a-gp-tree-a-random-d35zub0t.png Figure 4.6: An example of mutation within a GP tree. A random sub-tree is replace with a sub tree from the GP tree. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-12-a-comparison-between-the-experimental-setup-in-3lsy20jf.png Figure 9.12: A comparison between the experimental setup in the previous chapters, and the experiment shown here https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-13-the-phase-portrait-describing-the-dynamical-37f2f5t8.png Figure 8.13: The phase portrait describing the dynamical properties of the AGRN from Figure 8.11. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-an-illustration-of-how-the-epigenetic-analogue-r2xilrhw.png Figure 6.1: An illustration of how the epigenetic analogue interacts with an AGRN. The genes, (marked ‘G’) function within the network as normal, until their function is halted by the epigenetic molecule (marked ‘E’). The epigenetic molecule takes inputs from the genes that it is connected to. In turn this allows inputs to be taken from the environment. If the inputs to the epigenetic molecule are above a certain threshold, the epigenetic molecule becomes active and prevents those genes from updating their expression value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-10-the-best-score-for-each-objective-achieved-at-1nl6z4p3.png Figure 8.10: The best score for each objective achieved at the end of each run (effectively plotting the data from Figures 8.9a, 8.9b and 8.9c in three dimensions). It can be seen that there is clear distinction between the performance of the two networks, with scores from the AEN occupying the lower regions of the graph. https://scispace.com/papers/the-art-of-femtosecond-laser-writing-2mze2v5r1e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-illustration-of-non-reciprocal-laser-writing-27jipofm.png Fig. 4 The illustration of non-reciprocal laser writing - KaYaSo effect ((left and centre) and DIC images of wavy selforganized structures created when writing along the -Y axis and the + Y axis in lithium niobate (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-microscope-images-with-different-magnifications-of-the-2q0fe85b.png Fig. 3 Microscope images with different magnifications of the line structures fabricated in opposite directions with 2.4 J pulse energy and scan speed of 50 ms (left and center) and a cross-section of the line structure (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-microscope-bright-field-image-of-the-line-structures-puqwmipa.png Fig. 2 Microscope bright-field image of the line structures written with a Ti:sapphire laser at 800 nm, 250 kHz , 50 m/s using pulses with (left) positive pulse front tilt or (right) negative pulse front tilt. The writing direction is shown by the arrows. The corresponding screen shots containing measured laser pulse parameters by a GRENOUILLE device are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-centre-bright-field-images-light-part-and-images-in-rk3kemmi.png Fig. 1 (centre) Bright field images (light part) and images in crossed polarizers (dark part) of the lines written in opposite directions with amplified Yb fiber laser at 500 kHz repetition rate, writing speed 250 m/s and pulse energy 0.9 J. (left)The tilted front of the pulse along writing direction is shown. (right) SEM images of cross sections of lines written with polarization perpendicular to writing direction are also shown. The nanograting of about 300 nm period, which is responsible for the form birefringence of irradiated regions, can be seen only in the initial part of cross sections of lines written in one of two directions. The region of collateral damage is marked with dashed line. https://scispace.com/papers/the-asean-economic-community-and-the-european-experience-3rld4jxnnc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chronology-of-asian-integration-asean-and-asean-3-f66qpz5o.png Table 2 Chronology of Asian Integration: ASEAN and ASEAN+3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-asean-exports-to-selected-partners-2004-and-us-1phjrspe.png Table 1: ASEAN Exports to Selected Partners: 2004 (% and US$ millions) https://scispace.com/papers/the-aspirations-of-afghan-unaccompanied-refugee-minors-5c183r9om2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-aspirations-as-indicated-on-the-aspirations-scale-26yjks15.png Table 1. Aspirations as indicated on the Aspirations Scale for Refugees and Migrants (ASRM). https://scispace.com/papers/the-assessment-of-skin-related-qol-in-individuals-3r7gcai4t8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-factor-composition-of-the-final-version-of-the-psrq-2o3hj80g.png Table 2. Factor composition of the final version of the PSRQ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-responsiveness-scores-obtained-by-the-experimental-309bq0vz.png Figure 1. Responsiveness: scores obtained by the Experimental group and the Waiting list one on the 4 dimensions across time (mean values and standard error bars are reported). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-self-reported-skin-characteristics-of-the-samples-3fk7tewt.png Table 1. Self-reported skin characteristics of the samples employed in Study 1 and Study 2 (percentages). https://scispace.com/papers/the-assessment-of-psychiatric-disorders-in-intellectual-4lfr0khkpc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-points-for-assessing-pd-in-pwid-34jpee1c.png Table 1: Key Points for Assessing PD in PwID https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-most-common-assessment-tools-for-pd-in-pwid-29hfww9o.png Table 2: Most Common Assessment Tools for PD in PwID https://scispace.com/papers/the-association-between-computer-use-and-cognition-across-4thd1i93o2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-hierarchal-regression-analyses-with-response-228f3b5i.png Table 6 Hierarchal Regression Analyses With Response Latencies on Task-Switching and a Choice Reaction Time Test Regressed on Computer Activity, Adjusting for Age, Sex, Education, Health Status, and Basic Cognitive Ability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-task-switching-latencies-for-groups-with-low-medium-36plxb4v.png Figure 1. Task-switching latencies for groups with low, medium and high cognitive scores (BTACT composite) by frequency of computer activity (low [ 1 SD], medium [M], high [ 1 SD]). BTACT Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-factor-matrix-for-principal-axis-exploratory-factor-2929ff6c.png Table 2 Factor Matrix for Principal Axis Exploratory Factor Analysis for BTACT Measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-frequency-of-computer-activity-percentage-by-age-29c4oxik.png Table 4 Frequency of Computer Activity: Percentage by Age Group https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-intercorrelations-of-sgst-measures-with-btact-and-in-1f2nibn3.png Table 3 Intercorrelations of SGST Measures With BTACT and In-Person Neuropsychological Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-hierarchal-regression-analyses-of-computer-activity-130k4sc1.png Table 5 Hierarchal Regression Analyses of Computer Activity Predicting Performance on BTACT Composite Score Adjusting for Sex, Education, and Health Status https://scispace.com/papers/the-association-between-low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol-5dszk5ctv4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-forest-plot-of-the-results-of-mendelian-1q5s6tiu.png Figure 1: Forest plot of the results of Mendelian randomization analyses. The odds ratios (ORs) presented for breast cancer risk are per 1-standard deviation (~1 mmol/L) decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) or per 1-standard deviation (~4.65 kg/m2) increase in adult body mass index (BMI) except for the ORs from Guo et al.,4 which are scaled per 5 kg/m2 increase in adult BMI. The estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (ER-pos), ER-negative (ER-neg), and overall breast cancer results from Guo et al.4 were based on analyses of 69,556, 49,770, and 88,807 women, respectively, and this data set overlapped entirely with the data set in reference 10. Other abbreviations: L95%CL: lower 95% confidence limit; U95%CL: upper 95% confidence limit; SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism; GW: genome-wide. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-genetic-association-results-for-individual-1z68083y.png Table 1: Summary genetic association results for individual SNPs in the HMGCR region. a https://scispace.com/papers/the-association-between-markers-of-tumour-cell-metabolism-5a8r350gjv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relationship-between-metabolic-markers-and-3pm7yoyh.png Table 3. Relationship between metabolic markers and clinicopathological characteristics in patients undergoing potentially curative resection of colorectal cancer (n=150). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relationship-between-metabolic-markers-and-10wu1o44.png Table 4. Relationship between metabolic markers and inflammatory response in patients undergoing potentially curative resection of colorectal cancer (n=150). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-clinicopathological-characteristics-of-patients-3oxz5r5o.png Table 5. Clinicopathological characteristics of patients undergoing potentially curative resection of colorectal cancer and cancer-specific survival (n=150) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-metabolic-markers-and-cancer-specific-survival-in-3fn5gc2p.png Table 1. Metabolic markers and cancer-specific survival in patients undergoing potentially curative resection of colorectal cancer (n=150) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-metabolic-markers-are-associated-with-poor-1sfycflb.png Figure 1. Metabolic markers are associated with poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer (n=150). Kaplan Meier curves showing associations between CSS and (A) Nuclear LDH-5, (B) cytoplasmic LDH-5, (C) cytoplasmic MCT-2+TSP and (D) nuclear LDH-5+TSP in 150 patients with stage I-III CRC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-association-of-metabolic-markers-and-stromal-3mzer4hn.png Table 2: Association of metabolic markers and stromal infiltrate in patients undergoing potentially curative resection of colorectal cancer (n=150) https://scispace.com/papers/the-association-between-obstructive-sleep-apnea-and-183dg8aezz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-representation-of-the-included-cross-1ktudl5a.png TABLE 1 | Demographic representation of the included cross-sectional studies. https://scispace.com/papers/the-association-of-adherence-to-moringa-plantains-moringa-3wtjsf8w27 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participants-demographic-and-clinical-variables-11j2v27x.png Table 1: Participants demographic and clinical variables https://scispace.com/papers/the-association-of-periodontitis-and-alzheimer-s-disease-how-27qkwhm085 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-peripheral-neural-route-for-bacterial-invasion-of-lq7xe6ee.png Fig. 2. Peripheral neural route for bacterial invasion of central nervous system. A) Red complex bacteria of periodontal plaques invade axon terminals. Alveolar tissue is highly innervated by sensory branches of trigeminal nerve. B) Fibers of trigeminal nerve terminate in intracranial ganglia providing an ideal environment for the survival of periodontal bacteria. Ganglionic axons could serve as a potential route toward the brain stem nuclei for bacterial invasion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-case-control-studies-analyzing-the-3a9llzqs.png Table 1 Summary of case- control studies analyzing the presence of periodontitis in Alzheimer’s disease spectrum patients https://scispace.com/papers/the-associations-between-adolescents-consumption-of-26bl625amp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-various-types-of-sexting-behavior-predicted-by-8i7cp3un.png Table 4. Various types of sexting behavior predicted by gender, age, school track, internet use, music video use and pornography use for female adolescents https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptives-30pwfyx2.png Table 1. Descriptives https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-various-types-of-sexting-behavior-predicted-by-2owr34nr.png Table 3. Various types of sexting behavior predicted by gender, age, school track, internet use, music video use and pornography use for male https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-various-types-of-sexting-behavior-predicted-by-1sm4sb4q.png Table 2. Various types of sexting behavior predicted by gender, age, school track, internet use, music video use and pornography use https://scispace.com/papers/the-atlas-beam-conditions-monitor-3durxvfmij 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-typical-minimum-ionising-particle-signal-24xf60m4.png Figure 11. Typical minimum-ionising particle signal superimposed on base-line fluctuations as recorded by a LeCroy oscilloscope in a 90Sr source test. The noise is estimated from data in the first 20 ns time interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-prototype-fpga-timing-response-calibration-3q7ghncu.png Figure 9. Prototype FPGA timing response calibration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-amplitude-left-noise-middle-and-snr-right-as-1iu8ra0b.png Figure 16. Amplitude (left), noise (middle) and SNR (right) as function of first order low pass filter frequency (the horizontal axes in MHz) applied to a signal originally recorded with the 500 MHz frontend amplifier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-comparison-of-amplitude-distribution-obtained-at-2kt3fylt.png Figure 14. Comparison of amplitude distribution obtained at the MGH testbeam from a module with a double diamond sensor (left) and a single diamond sensor (right). In the left plot a peak with half of the signal is clearly visible, corresponding to instances where the beam particle went only through only oe of the sensors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-signal-left-and-noise-right-of-bcm-86zdp0gj.png Figure 7. Comparison of signal (left) and noise (right) of BCM amplifier coupled to silicon diode. Black – non-irradiated amplifiers, red – first-stage amplifier irradiated with 5 × 1014 protons/cm2 and 5 × 1014 neutrons/cm2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-layout-of-a-diamond-particle-detector-b4ne80ku.png Figure 2. Schematic layout of a diamond particle detector. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-qualification-tests-of-eight-final-23r7nmql.png Table 1. Results of qualification tests of eight final modules in a bench setup with 90Sr as a source of MIP signals. Current reading was taken after 10 hours at the bias voltage shown. https://scispace.com/papers/the-attentional-guidance-of-individual-colours-in-1wecnfcc8t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-colours-used-in-the-experiment-see-the-online-m6wx1b4g.png Fig. 1. The colours used in the experiment. See the online article for a coloured version of this figure. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-colour-codes-contrast-scores-and-luminance-scores-cd-1ewtf4wh.png Table 1 Colour codes, contrast scores and luminance scores (cd/m2 ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-interaction-between-target-colour-and-amount-of-2wgfuofd.png Fig. 3. The interaction between target colour and amount of different distractor colours. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. See the online article for a coloured version of this graph. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-experiment-procedure-see-the-online-article-for-a-fxwpdgip.png Fig. 2. The experiment procedure. See the online article for a coloured version of this figure https://scispace.com/papers/the-australian-coastal-ocean-radar-network-facility-1d89t1yclf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-directional-wave-spectrum-showing-the-dominant-2g4f4ze1.png Figure 3. Directional wave spectrum showing the dominant energy towards the north-west at a wave period of about 0.17 s, and a secondary peak shifted about 10 degrees to the north with a dominant wave period of about 0.2 s. Directional wave spectra are taken from a group of 4 x 4 pixels and integration over a period of 1 hour. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-la-minute-grab-of-surface-cuitent-data-from-the-1dzcrp1t.png Figure 2. A la-minute grab of surface CUITent data from the GBR radar system. The data points are not smoothed in time or space, and are untouched data fl.-om the real-time processor. The marked grid lines are spaced 50 km apart. The aITOWS are surface CUlTent vectors, typically up to 20 cm/s. https://scispace.com/papers/the-automatic-undistortion-strength-estimation-for-any-9zw7pc6kap 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-for-two-values-a-1-b-1-8-y3lx490j.png Fig. 3. Comparison ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚for two 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 values, (a) 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 1, (b) 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 1.8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-input-image-a-measurement-frame-b-detected-edges-by-3a6tqt68.png Fig. 1. Input image, (a) measurement frame, (b) detected edges by Canny. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-main-algorithm-principle-a-straight-line-b-curved-line-3tfc535d.png Fig. 2. Main algorithm principle, (a) straight line, (b) curved line, with the coresponding Hough acumulator and its maximum curve. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-estimated-parameters-and-performance-results-1zje6dzx.png TABLE I. ESTIMATED PARAMETERS AND PERFORMANCE RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-resulting-s-curves-for-testing-images-from-fig-1-and-3w2gqab9.png Fig. 8. Resulting ∇S𝑖𝑖 curves for testing images from Fig. 1 and Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-resulting-s-curve-for-fig-9-1dhdn5wf.png Fig. 10. Resulting ∇S𝑖𝑖 curve for Fig. 9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-testing-images-a-office-b-laboratory-c-coridor-d-flat-3mxn7mbc.png Fig. 6. Testing images, (a) office, (b) laboratory, (c) coridor, (d) flat door. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-testing-images-after-edge-detection-a-fig-6-a-b-fig-6-lh6b10n1.png Fig. 7. Testing images after edge detection, (a) Fig. 6 (a), (b) Fig. 6 (b), (c) Fig. 6 (c), (d) Fig. 6 (d). https://scispace.com/papers/the-australian-space-eye-studying-the-history-of-galaxy-26wdzoen1o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-predicted-cis115-quantum-efficiency-as-a-function-3iv5vhmy.png Figure 3. Predicted CIS115 quantum efficiency as a function of wavelength at both 20 ◦C and −40 ◦C, data from Soman et al.21 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-predicted-snr-relative-to-the-snr-without-2pidqygb.png Figure 9. Predicted SNR relative to the SNR without instrumental noise for the i2 and z2 filters as a function sub-exposure time for a range of image sensor temperatures. The calculation uses the ecliptic pole Zodical light surface brightness values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-configuration-of-the-spacecraft-showing-the-22o6wl0v.png Figure 13. Configuration of the spacecraft showing the deployed thermal IR radiator baffle (left), and spacecraft attitude and solar illumination during (northern) summer solstice in a 14:00 LTAN orbit without Earth IR avoidance manoeuvres outside of the observation windows (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cis115-dark-current-as-a-function-of-temperature-3r0ty8iy.png Figure 4. CIS115 dark current as a function of temperature, based on the model from Wang et al.22 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-nominal-filter-transmission-profiles-shown-together-3e5wrw1e.png Figure 8. Nominal filter transmission profiles shown together with a model of the Zodiacal light photon spectral flux density. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-main-components-of-the-standard-tyvak-endeavour-1pvj7lij.png Figure 12. Main components of the standard Tyvak Endeavour attitude determination and control system (ADCS). Space Eye’s ADCS will be based on an updated Endeavour system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-predicted-i-band-sensitivity-relative-to-the-37vu0c8h.png Figure 11. Predicted i′ band sensitivity relative to the ecliptic pole, zero extinction case. The maps show 45◦ × 45◦ gnomonic projections centred on the north and south ecliptic poles in March, June, September and December, with a colourmap running from halved sensitivity (black) to full sensitivity (white). Equatorial coordinate grids are also shown, with 1 hour spacing in RA and 10◦ in dec, as well as the outlines of the designated target regions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-telescope-optics-specifications-3hlnm9zr.png Table 3. Summary of telescope optics specifications https://scispace.com/papers/the-awakening-beast-in-the-seyfert-1-galaxy-kug-1141-371-i-2wbki47opc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-broad-band-flux-versus-x-ray-uv-ratio-diagram-2va1n2yn.png Figure 10. A broad-band flux versus X-ray–UV ratio diagram for KUG 1141. The circles and the square represent Swift and XMM–Newton observations, respectively. The colour bar of the plot symbol indicates the observed UVW1 flux during the corresponding observation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-top-the-best-fitting-model-for-obs-12-after-2g83phl5.png Figure 6. Top: The best-fitting model for obs 12 after considering absorption from an ultra-fast outflow. Red solid line: total model; green dashed line: power-law continuum; blue dotted line: blackbody component. Bottom: The corresponding data/model ratio plot. Red: XRT; blue: FPMA; green: FPMB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-best-fitting-sed-model-parameters-for-each-1wohsru8.png Figure 9. The best-fitting SED model parameters for each epoch. Circles: Swift; sqaures: XMM–Newton. The best-fitting photon indexes for obs 1–3 are obtained from the analysis of only X-ray data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-best-fitting-model-1-for-swift-xrt-observations-2qj3rtyl.png Table 3. The best-fitting Model 1 for Swift XRT observations of KUG 1141. The parameters for obs 1, 5, 11, and 12 can be found in Table 2. https://scispace.com/papers/the-axonal-sorting-activity-of-pseudorabies-virus-us9-3vdulxo80z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-axonal-sorting-of-pseudorabies-virus-depends-on-2pakxq3q.png Fig 2. Axonal sorting of Pseudorabies virus depends on neuronal age. A: Confocal image of SCG neuron infected with PRV expressing mRFP-VP26 (capsid) and GFP-Us9 at 10 MOI for 12 hours. The number of PRV particles, represented by mRFP-VP26 puncta, that sorted into the proximal 30um of axon (white box) are measured. B: Quantification of particles sorted into immature and mature SCG axons. Bars represent standard deviation. C: Live-microscopy quantification measuring the dynamics of particle sorting. Sorted particles were categorized as moving in the anterograde direction (away from cell-body) or retrograde direction (towards cell body). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-model-graphical-abstract-a-neuronal-maturation-is-5ircz13z.png Fig 6. Model / Graphical Abstract. A: Neuronal Maturation is required for efficient and robust anterograde spread of virus. Immature neurons lack the proteome necessary to regulate spread of virus particles, thus both Us9WT and the spread deficient Us9YY PRV particles can sort. Neuronal maturation is accompanied with establishing an Axon and expression of proteins specialized to regulate anterograde spread. B: SMPD4 blocks anterograde spread. Capsids (red) that assemble into membranes containing Us9 (green) can recruit transport machinery, such as the Kif1a microtubule motor, to facilitate anterograde spread along the axon. Capsids that colocalizing with SMPD4 foci (blue) do not assemble into Us9 membranes and thus fail to recruit transport machinery necessary for anterograde spread. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-identification-of-us9-neuronal-protein-interaction-26gyyapw.png Fig 4. Identification of Us9 neuronal protein interaction networks. A: Workflow describing the experimental setup. The 8 samples include immature and mature SCG neurons that are mock/uninfected or infected for 12 h with PRV 151 (GFP control), PRV 341 (GFP-Us9WT) or PRV 442 (GFP-Us9YY). Samples were lysed in detergent-resistant-membrane (DRM) preserving lysis buffer, followed by co-IP with GFP-conjugated magnetic beads and LC-MS/MS analysis. The resulting dataset was specificity filtered using the SAINT algorithm to identify high confidence interacting proteins. B: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the specificity-filtered data revealed clustering driven by neuronal developmental age rather than the virus state of infection. The immature neurons (red) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-membrane-trafficking-proteome-is-acquired-after-3ggre3jr.png Fig 3. Membrane Trafficking Proteome is Acquired After Maturation. A: Workflow of the tandem mass tagging (TMT) based quantitative mass-spectrometry experiment. B: Maturity markers, Nav1.2 and pNfH are detected with higher abundances in mature SCG neurons. C: Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of the whole proteome (blue) reveals that immature SCG neurons are enriched (FDR 2.21×10−12) in transcription factors (red), and mature neurons are enriched (FDR 1.38×10−7) in membrane-trafficking associated proteins (yellow). D: Host proteins altered by infection. The heatmap graphs the log2 fold-change of host protein https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-characteristics-of-neuronal-maturation-of-the-superior-283r4qtx.png Fig 1. Characteristics of Neuronal Maturation of the Superior Cervical Ganglia. A: Maturation of SCG neurons is characterized by building a neuronal-network. Phase contrast images comparing immature and mature SCG neurons. Mature neurons develop dense axon bundles (straight lines) and clusters of soma (dark grey). B: Mass per dissociated SCG at various DIV (days in vitro). Bars represent standard deviation. C: Mature neurons express NaV1.2 Immunofluorescence staining in axon. Axon of an immature (1 DIV) SCG neuron does not localize NaV1.2 compared to mature (20 DIV) axon localizing Nav1.2. Map2 serves as a neuronal marker and Dapi for nucleus. D: SCG maturation is acquired by 5 DIV. At 1.5 DIV, the maturation marker pNF (in red) is restricted to the cell body (round) and absent from the axon. At 5 DIV pNF localization spreads to the proximal https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-smpd4-knockdown-facilitates-prv-spread-a-tri-chamber-3ucat42t.png Fig 5. SMPD4 knockdown facilitates PRV Spread. A: Tri-chamber Anterograde Spread Assay workflow–Dissociated SCG neurons are seeded in the soma-Scompartment (left), growing axons penetrate through the middle-M-compartment into the neurite-N-compartment (right). siRNA are administered in the Scompartment for 3 days, followed by infection in the S-compartment. The spread of virus particles into the N-compartment can be detected by fluorescent expression of GFP-Us9 or mRFP-VP26 in the N-compartment. B: SMPD4 siRNA knockdown. Dissociated SCG neurons were transfected with 50uM of siRNA against SMPD4 (+) or Non-Target controls (-). At 3 days post siRNA transfection (labeled pre-infection), samples were collected and assayed on SDS-PAGE western blot to confirm protein knockdown. After the anterograde sorting assay, Soma form the S-compartment were collected again to measure knockdown for https://scispace.com/papers/the-b-dot-earth-average-magnetic-field-2moou36gg2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fast-affordable-science-and-technology-satellite-3ukosvi9.png Figure 4. Fast Affordable Science and Technology Satellite (FASTSAT) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-regression-analysis-for-the-damping-coefficient-398bokx7.png Figure 6. Regression analysis for the damping coefficient (simulation) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-block-diagrams-for-b-dot-controller-for-a-varying-3uf4ngzu.png Figure 3. Block diagrams for b-dot controller for (a) varying magnetic field and (b) average magnetic field https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-angular-velocity-of-a-satellite-using-a-b-dot-2s48jn80.png Figure 5. Angular velocity of a satellite using a b-dot controller https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-average-magnetic-field-data-point-analysis-flight-2jg1luw9.png Figure 9. Average magnetic field data point analysis (flight data) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-earths-magnetic-dipole-1uu6k9by.png Figure 1. Earth’s Magnetic Dipole https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-simulated-tip-off-rates-using-b-dot-control-when-3vzb2mog.png Figure 8. Simulated tip-off rates using b-dot control when 78D E )*+, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-earths-magnetic-dipole-2d14qacx.png Figure 2. Earth’s Magnetic Dipole https://scispace.com/papers/the-backbone-construction-of-a-regional-electricity-grid-in-4t7sukb28v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-three-phases-of-construction-alstom-brochure-371kj3k4.png Figure 4 Three Phases of Construction. Alstom Brochure, revised by the author. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-conceptual-diagram-of-the-backbone-gccia-website-34xqlgng.png Figure 2 Conceptual Diagram of the Backbone. GCCIA Website. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-approximate-route-and-layout-of-the-backbone-gccia-10isd6ts.png Figure 3 Approximate Route and Layout of the Backbone. GCCIA Website. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-saudi-man-walks-on-electric-wire-gulf-news-1kh4t2v0.png Figure 1 Saudi Man Walks on Electric Wire. Gulf News. https://scispace.com/papers/the-ballet-model-in-engineering-classes-what-works-what-54fyk2mr93 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-soloist-and-corps-performance-levels-7h0nmo35.png FIGURE 3 SOLOIST AND CORPS PERFORMANCE LEVELS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sacred-space-learning-card-180puvm9.png FIGURE 1 SACRED SPACE – LEARNING CARD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-three-elements-of-on-stage-performance-14kn4t60.png FIGURE 2 THE THREE ELEMENTS OF ON-STAGE PERFORMANCE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-engineering-courses-taught-using-the-classical-f4ak68c9.png TABLE II ENGINEERING COURSES TAUGHT USING THE CLASSICAL BALLET MODEL https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-classical-ballet-and-engineering-classes-1nhovb2q.png TABLE I CLASSICAL BALLET AND ENGINEERING CLASSES https://scispace.com/papers/the-baikal-neutrino-experiment-physics-results-and-3s2z3ow0za 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-vertical-temperature-profile-from-300m-top-curve-to-2io15iqh.png Fig. 11. Vertical temperature profile from 300m (top curve) to 1300m depth (bottom curve; 50m above lake-bed), as measured during 2005. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-temperature-at-1309-and-1362m-depth-4-and-57m-above-1vp5wluh.png Fig. 12. Temperature at 1309 and 1362m depth (4 and 57m above bottom), measured from March 2000—March 2001. For the huge cold-water intrusion in June, see text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-baikal-telescope-nt200-as-of-2008-the-compact-2fifevwt.png Fig. 1. The Baikal Telescope NT200+ as of 2008: the compact NT200 (center), three long outer strings and the new technology km3-prototype string. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-skyplot-galactic-coordinates-of-neutrino-events-for-2bvcw1w0.png Fig. 2. Skyplot (galactic coordinates) of neutrino events for five years. The solid curve shows the equator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-limits-on-the-excess-of-muon-flux-from-the-center-of-nrbyuku6.png Fig. 4. Limits on the excess of muon flux from the center of the Earth as a function of neutralino mass. 10-17 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-of-cos-zenith-for-muon-events-left-e8saetx6.png Fig. 3. Distribution of cos(zenith) for muon events. Left: neutrino event samples (data—symbols, MC—histograms (from top): sigþ bkg for non-osc., oscillation and bkg). Right: downward atmospheric muons (data—symbols, MC—histogram). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-expected-number-of-events-nm-and-experimental-model-18xthe1b.png Table 1 Expected number of events Nm and experimental model rejection factors for astrophysical neutrino source models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-all-flavor-neutrino-flux-predictions-in-different-2xh2jqar.png Fig. 6. All flavor neutrino flux predictions in different models of neutrino sources compared to experimental upper limits to E 2 fluxes obtained by this analysis and other experiments (see text). Also shown is the sensitivity expected for three live years of the new telescope NT200þ [5,33]. https://scispace.com/papers/the-bacteriology-and-antimicrobial-susceptibility-of-2sfdbq3tez 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-aerobic-bacterial-isolates-from-50-cases-of-dog-bite-ce1tkzg1.png Table 1 Aerobic bacterial isolates from 50 cases of dog bite wounds (n = 213)a https://scispace.com/papers/the-bathymetry-of-moray-sinus-at-titan-s-kraken-mare-1c6rlxe3hm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-super-resolution-enhances-the-detectability-of-3ct0uqg4.png Figure 2. (a) Super resolution enhances the detectability of the echoes received from the seafloor of Moray Sinus. Here the radargram is normalized with respect to the most powerful echo received from sea surface in order to account for the small variations in the surface received power and the anomalous sudden drop of ∼22 dB recorded at about 77°E longitude. (b) Estimated bathymetry with associated 1σ error bars; (c) T28 SAR image acquired over Moray Sinus on April 10, 2007; (d) T25 SAR image acquired over Moray Sinus on February 22, 2007. Note that T25 has a lower resolution than the T28 SAR image. The red circles and dots in panels (c) and (d) indicate respectively the contour of −3 dB antenna footprint at the extremes of the bathymetry track and all the footprint centers of the T104 altimetric observation of Titan relative to the area of Moray Sinus (August 21, 2014). SAR, synthetic aperture radar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-between-the-values-of-permittivity-and-2xbdvroa.png Figure 5. Comparison between the values of permittivity and seafloor small-scale roughness estimated for the deeper and shallower portions of the seafloor at Moray Sinus and Ligeia Mare. Note that the lower-right panel is the same shown also in Mastrogiuseppe et al. (2018b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-shaded-areas-indicate-scenarios-for-which-a-38s7vsa4.png Figure 8. Shaded areas indicate scenarios for which a seafloor echo would have been detected (SNR ≥ 5 dB) by the Cassini radar altimeter in the main body of Kraken Mare in both the seafloor best case (εs = 1.65, εss = 5.5, seafloor RMS slope = 1°) and worst case (εs = 1.76, εss = 2.5, seafloor RMS slope = 8°) conditions. RMS, root mean square; SNR, signal-to-noise ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-model-scenario-of-a-river-culminating-in-a-liquid-1horjq4p.png Figure 7. Model scenario of a river culminating in a liquid body. The flow deposits larger-dimension particulates close to the river terminus while more distant seafloor areas remain unaffected. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-altimetric-echoes-returned-from-the-shallower-2q2kkdar.png Figure 3. Two altimetric echoes returned from the shallower coastal area of Moray Sinus (BurstID 261040135 at 79.96°E and BurstID 261040143 at 80.68°E). These echoes have been obtained by means of incoherent processing and application of the superresolution algorithm (upper panels). Posteriori probability distributions of the estimated parameters of interest (depth, Ps/Pss and footprint-scale roughness) obtained for the echoes shown in the upper panels (lower panels). For the convenience of the reader, we plotted the depth's distribution as obtained from a permittivity of the liquid of 1.7 (value also inferred from cryogenic liquid alkanes mixture models [Born & Wolf, 1999] and laboratory measurements [Mitchell et al., 2015] as well as from passive radiometry [Le Gall et al., 2016)]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sar-mosaic-of-the-northern-region-of-kraken-mare-2sg9uony.png Figure 1. SAR mosaic of the northern region of Kraken Mare with the T104 fly-by altimetry ground track in red: the map is in Polar Stereographic projection with the North Pole approximately toward the upper right (above). Altimetry profile with highlighted positions of the three sections where the footprint intercepted the liquid surface of Kraken Mare. The central and upper panels have the same horizontal coordinate (center). Normalized received power radargrams showing the lack of seafloor reflections from the main liquid body of Kraken mare (basins B and C) in contrast with Moray Sinus (basin D), where multiple waveforms show a shallow signal return from the seafloor (below). SAR, synthetic aperture radar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-left-and-middle-radiometric-footprints-in-the-last-31l7qipt.png Figure 6. Left and middle: Radiometric footprints in the last section of the T104 altimetry track over (a) Moray Sinus and (b) associated measured emissivities. The footprints of interest and their emissivity values are in cyan. (c) After a decrease in emissivity starting around 72°E due to the presence of the solid surface of the promontory, we note a gradual increase over Moray Sinus as also shown on the radiometry map overlaid on a SAR mosaic. The transition is gradual because of the low resolution of the radiometry dataset (footprint of ∼25 km diameter). (d) The comparison between the altimetric depth and the radiometric emissivity; we note an anticorrelation. Right: (e) The radiometry footprints over Ligeia Mare during the T91 altimetry observation; the northern footprints are in black, the southern ones in red. (f) The comparison between the emissivity recorded in the northern and southern portions of Ligeia Mare versus the depth of the seafloor. At equal depth the southern portion shows a lower emissivity. SAR, synthetic aperture radar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-t28-sar-average-backscatter-versus-two-way-travel-2zzvssbs.png Figure 4. T28 SAR average backscatter versus two-way travel time between the first and the second reflection as determined by analysis of the T104 radar altimeter dataset (left panel). The standard deviation on the backscatter obtained by averaging SAR backscatter over each area is very small (<<1 dB) and almost constant for every data value used for the fitting. Geometry of the observation: θ’ and θ are respectively the off-nadir angle of the Cassini antenna and the incidence angle of the signal at the seafloor, εS and εSS are respectively the permittivity of the liquid medium and the seafloor (right panel). SAR, synthetic aperture radar. https://scispace.com/papers/the-barriers-to-landslide-responses-over-the-mt-elgon-in-10wd4e5lzn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reported-damages-of-landslides-phrj1393.png Table 2. Reported damages of landslides https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-some-reported-cases-of-landslides-over-the-mt-elgon-1bk19dnd.png Table 1. Some reported cases of Landslides over the Mt. Elgon region https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-landslides-warning-received-channel-is-how-the-2d3k6lpl.png Table 3. Landslides warning received. "Channel" is how the warning was received https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-shows-the-map-of-uganda-and-bududa-the-study-area-3exqtlw1.png Figure 1. Shows the map of Uganda and Bududa, the study area https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-perception-of-the-community-members-when-1fecs2bd.png Table 4. The perception of the community members when landslide warning is issued https://scispace.com/papers/the-batrachia-of-north-america-by-e-d-cope-47burhkuvf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-62-bv-o-alvarius-no-2572-fort-yuma-cal-j-2e96c425.png Fig. 62. Bv/o alvarius. No. 2572. Fort Yuma, Cal. ; J. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-58-r-cmhihranclnn-i-triatus-no-7010-twice-natiirijl-size-340g9g4g.png Fig. 58 r-cmhihranclnn: i-triatus : No 7010; twice natiirijl size; iig. 5, xix. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-98-uijpnpachus-cuncits-san-diego-tex-2g2finto.png Fig. 98. Uijpnpachus cuncits. San Diego, Tex. ; \. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-45-autodax-ferreus-no-6794-fort-tjmpqua-yokny3gl.png Fig. 45. Autodax ferreus. No. 6794. Fort TJmpqua; }, \. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-112-rana-agilis-axirora-no-3877-astoria-orpgon-j-30mn69j1.png Fig. 112. Rana agilis axirora. No. 3877. Astoria, Orpgon; J. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-borboroca-tes-taamaniensis-cranium-16-borhoroccvtes-3gj9knuz.png Fig. 15. Borboroca'tes taamaniensis, cranium. 16. Borhoroccvtes peronii, two skulls. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i-gyrinophihis-porphiiriticiis-larva-natural-size-june-2-3c4ley9o.png Fig. I. Gyrinophihis porphiiriticiis larva, natural size; June :?. 2. Spilerpts lonoicaKdii-^ larva X 4; May 29. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-hyoid-app-aratus-of-adult-from-below-4-skull-of-larva-dus0w4xn.png Fig. 3. Hyoid app.aratus of adult, from below. 4. Skull of larva, from above. https://scispace.com/papers/the-beam-break-up-numerical-simulator-3jmkvkg8b3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-off-axis-particle-traverses-a-pillbox-cavity-and-ge3d03tn.png Figure 1. An off-axis particle traverses a pillbox cavity and excites wakefields. A second particle following the first one receives an impulse from the vxB force of the RF fields excited through the J Z E Z coupling of the first. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-flowchart-of-the-output-code-bbunsout-the-3kznum8x.png Figure 10. A flowchart of the output code, BBUNSOUT. The rectangles represent subroutines. The shaded area represents the graphing routines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-wakefield-bbu-in-a-beam-a-b-e-a-m-can-be-considered-6zqperlt.png Figure 2. Wakefield BBU in a beam. A b e a m can be considered as a s t ream of slices. The first slice excites a field which deflects the n-1 slices which follow. The second slice excites a field which deflects the n-2 slice to its rear, etc.. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-anatomy-of-a-command-line-for-bbuns-4tlpk11b.png Figure 11. Anatomy of a command line for BBUNS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-axis-codes-for-use-in-the-output-command-in-bbunsout-23mkzhee.png Table 5. Axis codes for use in the output command in BBUNSOUT. Any of these axis codes may be plotted against any other in this table. Number Data Set Dimensions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-flowchart-of-the-main-code-bbuns-the-shaded-rec-lhqbel69.png Figure 7. A flowchart of the main code. BBUNS. The shaded rec tang les r e p r e s e n t the ma in loops of the program. The rectangles represent subrout ines . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-anatomy-of-the-output-command-classification-for-2c2sdopq.png Figure 16. Anatomy of the output command classification for BBUNS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-in-addition-of-the-s-and-z-coordinates-previously-1svdc9dy.png Figure 8. In addition of the s and z coordinates (previously described), there is a truncation length which allows the user to limit the effective length over which the wakefield induced forces act. https://scispace.com/papers/the-baryon-oscillation-spectroscopic-survey-of-sdss-iii-20snjal4an 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-key-statistics-from-dr9q-trvly8x9.png Table 6 Key Statistics from DR9Q https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-examples-of-spectra-that-produced-discrepant-10iqmgqe.png Figure 12. Examples of spectra that produced discrepant redshifts between the RUNZ analysis and the idlspec2d analysis where one is incorrect. The labels are the same as those in the previous figure. Left: example spectrum where manual classification reveals the RUNZ redshift to be correct and the idlspec2d redshift to be incorrect. The spectral distortion around 6000 Å is likely due to poor calibration in the dichroic region, a rare occurrence in BOSS spectra. Right: example spectrum where manual classification reveals the idlspec2d redshift to be correct and the RUNZ redshift to be incorrect. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-left-progress-of-the-survey-at-the-time-of-dr9-the-327emumb.png Figure 14. Left: progress of the survey at the time of DR9. The solid curve represents the number of unique plates completed as a function of time in the first two years of BOSS. The dashed curve represents the projected rate required to complete the baseline survey of 2208 plates. The yearly “pauses” are the result of the summer shutdown for telescope maintenance during the New Mexico monsoon season. The plate completion thresholds were changed in the summer of 2010 from S/N2R = 26 to S/N2R = 22 and from S/N2B = 16 to S/N2B = 10. Center: average number density as a function of redshift for the SDSS (dash-dotted), LOWZ (dotted), and CMASS DR9 galaxies with ZWARNING_NOQSO = 0. Right: redshift distribution of DR7 (dotted), DR9 (solid), and unique DR9 (dashed) quasars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-statistics-of-the-depth-of-the-spectra-in-the-lya-32127r9a.png Figure 13. Statistics of the depth of the spectra in the Lyα forest region 1041 Å to 1185 Å (rest frame). Only quasars at z > 2.5 are included, so that the entire Lyα forest lies within BOSS wavelength coverage. On average, the sampling is bit more than 1 Å pixel−1 in this subsample. Left: mean S/N per pixel as a function of extinction-corrected gPSF magnitude. The error bars represent the standard deviation of all quasars in each bin of width 0.1 mag. Right: distribution of the S/N per pixel. The solid line is taken from a sample of quasars near the bright end (gPSF ∼ 20) of the sample. The dotted line represents a typical quasar (gPSF ∼ 21). The dashed line shows quasars near the faint magnitude limit gPSF ∼ 22.0 of the CORE and BONUS target selection algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-distribution-of-plates-in-the-boss-footprint-19klzj4c.png Figure 4. Left: distribution of plates in the BOSS footprint binned in 15 minute increments in right ascension. Right: number of hours of observing time available as a function of LST (black line) and the simulated time required at each LST to observe the full survey (blue line). The observing time is sampled in 15 minute increments and assumes a uniformly distributed 45% efficiency after weather loss. The discrete sum of the entries under the black line is equal to 3585 hr. The final simulated LST distribution shown in blue is discussed in Section 5.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-difference-between-the-synthetic-photometry-8nj3yheg.png Figure 8. Difference between the synthetic photometry computed from each spectrum and the measured photometry from the SDSS imaging data. Left: histogram of the spectrophotometric offsets for stars. The black line shows gsynthetic − gPSF for the standard stars (top) and for a sample of stars that appeared as contaminants in the CORE and BONUS quasar samples (bottom). Similarly, the blue lines show the offsets for the r filter while the red lines show the offsets for the i filter. Right: histogram of the color differences (g − r)synthetic − (g − r)PSF shown in the top panel and r− i in the bottom panel. Standard stars are presented as the blue line using PSF magnitudes, galaxies as the black line (fiber2 magnitudes), and stellar contaminants in the quasar sample as the red line (PSF magnitudes). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-quasar-target-spectra-smoothed-with-a-five-pixel-3pk2xbn5.png Figure 9. Quasar target spectra smoothed with a five-pixel median boxcar filter, covering the wavelength range 3500 Å through 6500 Å taken at different airmass, demonstrating the effects of atmospheric differential refraction and other guiding errors on spectrophotometry. Left: spectrum of a gfib2 = 19.48 quasar at z = 2.49 observed at an airmass of 1.2 (black) and again at an airmass of 1.4 (blue). Right: spectrum of a white dwarf with gfib2 = 21.53 on the same observations with the same color pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-boss-programs-with-boss-target1-flag-1dn906li.png Table 8 BOSS Programs with BOSS_TARGET1 Flag https://scispace.com/papers/the-bdi-ii-factor-structure-in-pregnancy-and-postpartum-two-2fk5gctd23 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rotated-factor-matrix-of-the-bdi-ii-in-postpartum-n-ne4fyskz.png Table 2 Rotated factor matrix of the BDI-II in Postpartum (N ¼ 354) e 2 factors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rotated-factor-matrix-of-the-bdi-ii-in-pregnancy-n-1-1k05ulwv.png Table 3 Rotated factor matrix of the BDI-II in Pregnancy (N ¼ 331) e 3 factors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-rotated-factor-matrix-of-the-bdi-ii-in-postpartum-n-2t25aug9.png Table 4 Rotated factor matrix of the BDI-II in Postpartum (N ¼ 354) e 3 factors. https://scispace.com/papers/the-bbc-micro-bit-from-the-u-k-to-the-world-39e8o3stfr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-bbc-micro-bit-a-front-with-two-buttons-5x5-led-2hrzex6l.png Figure 1: The BBC micro:bit: (a) front, with two buttons, 5x5 LED display, and edge connector (bottom); (b) back, with processor, accelerometer, compass, Bluetooth, USB and battery connectors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-makecode-web-app-for-the-micro-bit-https-brnirna9.png Figure 2: The MakeCode web app for the micro:bit (https://makecode.microbit.org). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-a-micro-bit-watch-form-factor-wearable-for-3nnibq6n.png Figure 3: (a) A micro:bit watch form-factor wearable for playing the rock/paper/scissors game. (b) The JavaScript of the game. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-projects-a-the-reaction-game-b-light-1j7q4vep.png Figure 4: Example projects - (a) the reaction game; (b) light-reactive cardboard robots; (c) a Bloodhound model rocket car instrumented with a micro:bit; (d) measuring soil moisture via micro:bit pins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-micro-bit-based-vehicle-controlled-wirelessly-by-1g3rnk6a.png Figure 5: A micro:bit-based vehicle controlled wirelessly by a second micro:bit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-fireflies-example-a-visual-representation-of-geksuhku.png Figure 6: Fireflies example: a visual representation of emergent behaviour from a distributed algorithm, implemented in Python. https://scispace.com/papers/the-beam-emission-spectroscopy-diagnostic-on-the-diii-d-281tyxs5rs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-typical-turbulence-spectrum-at-edge-of-plasma-1sg3b3lk.png FIG. 3. ~a! Typical turbulence spectrum at edge of plasma showing la fluctuations that are easily isolated from photon noise background,~b! spectrum from core channel (r50.65) showing broadening and reduction relative intensity, ~c! isolation of turbulent spectrum using noise compensated crosspower method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-noise-power-as-a-function-of-temperature-showing-2iqp7a2i.png FIG. 2. Noise power as a function of temperature showing sharpest dro noise in temperature range of 150–220 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-port-optics-showing-objective-lens-358xyfpe.png FIG. 1. Schematic of port optics showing objective lens, folding mirro remotely scannable fiber mounting array, and fiber optics to remotely cated spectroscopy lab. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-initial-measurement-of-the-2d-correlation-function-r-314debdi.png FIG. 4. Initial measurement of the 2D correlation function,r(Dr ,Dz) near the edge of anL-mode plasma atr50.9– 1.0 showing wavelike poloida spectrum and decaying radial spectrum, with data splined and smooth improve visualization. https://scispace.com/papers/the-beam-optics-at-the-extraction-region-of-sns-ring-4j3poz5agy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-showing-the-location-of-the-2i0m6q1e.png Figure 1. Schematic diagram showing the location of the extraction kickers relative to the narrow quads (NQ1,NQ2) of the SNS straight section. The last element is the septum https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-detailed-explanation-of-the-content-of-this-table-is-ex9zwb99.png Table 1: Detailed explanation of the content of this Table is given in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-the-extraction-kickers-for-detailed-2gdsh31q.png Table 2: Parameters of the extraction kickers. For detailed explanation please refer to the text. https://scispace.com/papers/the-beginning-of-the-end-a-chromosomal-assembly-of-the-new-20rpmcmb2o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-alignments-of-variants-of-the-telomeric-repeat-unit-19zmniq2.png Figure 3 Alignments of variants of the telomeric repeat unit (TRU, panel A) and the principle underlying the strategy to verify telomere sequences using long reads (panels B-E). T: telomere, which is a tandem repeat of TRUs, or (TRU)n; S: single- or low-copy DNA sequences; R1-R5: five copies of an interspersed repeat. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-and-data-collection-scheme-the-figure-shows-6iktxw48.png Figure 1 Sample and data collection scheme. The figure shows the cross of a single male and female mosquito to produce female F1 offspring. The F0 father and mother were sequenced individually using Illumina HiSeq to obtain short reads. Genomic DNA from a pool of the female F1 sibling was sequenced using three Oxford Nanopore MinION flow cells to produce long reads. Genomic DNA from a pool of the paternal half-sibling F1 males was used to generate Bionano DLS optical mapping. Oxford Nanopore reads were used to generate the contigs using Canu (Koren et al., 2017) and the Canu contigs were polished using the parental Illumina reads. The polished Canu contigs were scaffolded using the Bionano DLS optical map to generate the AalbS3 assembly. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization-and-mapping-of-j25ntnu4.png Figure 4 Fluorescence in situ hybridization and mapping of the An. albimanus telomeric oligonucleotide probe on polytene chromosomes from the 4th instar larva. (A) Left panel: Chromosomes hybridized with Cy3-labeled oligonucleotide probe (red) and counterstained with the fluorophore YOYO-1 (green). Right panel: An inverted grayscale image of the FISH results of the oligonucleotide probe. Chromosome arms are labeled as X, 2R, 2L, 3R, and 3L; the chromocenter is labeled by CC; the nucleolus is labeled by N. Scale bar – 10mm.(B). An enlarged view of representative chromosome arms hybridized with Cy3-labeled oligonucleotide probe (red). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bal31-pfge-and-southern-blot-hmw-genomic-dna-from-1pic2x3q.png Figure 5 Bal31 PFGE and Southern Blot. HMW genomic DNA from An. albimanus pupae was digested with Bal31 exonuclease at time point increments followed by restriction enzyme digestion with XbaI then separated by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (left). The separated DNA was transferred to charged Nylon membrane via downward capillary action, hybridized with a DIG- labeled telomeric probe, and detected using chemiluminescence (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-chromosome-level-hybrid-scaffolds-produced-by-2aqnwtgd.png Figure 2 A) Chromosome level hybrid scaffolds produced by aligning polished Nanopore contigs to Bionano optical maps. The orientation of the hybrid scaffolds as shown in the figure from left to right: Chr2 R to L, Chr3 L to R, and X centromere to telomere. B) Hi-C contact matrix for the three chromosomes of the hybrid assembly. The order of the three An. albimanus chromosomes, shown in green boxes, are 2, X, and 3. Note that the final AalbS3 assembly includes the rDNA clusters and centromeric repeats which are not shown in the figure. https://scispace.com/papers/the-beginnings-of-agriculture-the-ancient-near-east-and-5d2yd1b4lp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-a-2-pharaonic-egypt-18fddvx3.png Table V.A.2. Pharaonic Egypt https://scispace.com/papers/the-behavior-of-stock-prices-around-institutional-trades-3e3dqe2cj1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-1q73djmi.png Table II https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-continued-smallest-largest-ml-firms-2-3-4-firms-3p766ufl.png Table V (continued) Smallest Largest Ml firms 2 3 4 firms firms Panel 3; Sells https://scispace.com/papers/the-behaviour-of-u-s-stocks-to-financial-and-health-risks-276esm5ayx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-out-of-sample-forecast-evaluation-h-10-20oxognn.png Table 9: Out-of-Sample Forecast Evaluation [h=10] https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-in-sample-forecast-evaluation-3lfdm36g.png Table 4: In-Sample Forecast Evaluation https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-out-of-sample-forecast-evaluation-h-10-uk1w6pa3.png Table 5: Out-of-Sample Forecast Evaluation [h=10] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-trends-in-sectoral-stock-returns-and-vix-jzc2616i.png Figure 1: Trends in sectoral stock returns and VIX https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-out-of-sample-forecast-evaluation-h-20-3b4meexo.png Table 10: Out-of-Sample Forecast Evaluation [h=20] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-24esa2u8.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-in-sample-forecast-evaluation-1chwhjts.png Table 8: In-Sample Forecast Evaluation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-of-scenario-simulations-3mjvejd5.png Table 2: Summary Statistics of Scenario Simulations https://scispace.com/papers/the-behavioral-effects-of-gestational-and-lactational-benzo-3ungbjbw30 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pole-climb-results-ahrbcyp1a2-mice-had-a-significantly-2avmr221.png Fig. 3 Pole climb results. AhrbCyp1a2(-/-) mice had a significantly faster times to turn and descend a 50 cm pole. *** P < 0.001 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-baseline-startle-response-ahrbcyp1a2-mice-had-a-2lnnk6cz.png Fig. 2 Baseline startle response. AhrbCyp1a2(-/-) mice had a significantly lower response to the 120 db startle stimulus compared with the other two genotypes. *** P < 0.001 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-open-field-locomotor-activity-bap-exposed-ahrdcyp1a2-2pzps5cg.png Fig. 1 Open field locomotor activity. BaP-exposed AhrdCyp1a2(-/-) mice spent significantly less time in the central area of the apparatus compared with all other groups. * P < 0.05 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5a-b-rotarod-results-a-bap-exposed-mice-spent-less-time-172kg1nq.png Fig. 5A-B Rotarod results. A. BaP-exposed mice spent less time observing the novel object compared to controls. B. BaP-exposed knockout mice explored the novel object less compared with their corn oil controls. # P < 0.1. https://scispace.com/papers/the-belt-and-road-initiative-for-an-intercontinental-2diqtjkvzz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-three-stage-pattern-of-bri-as-a-global-1cis5nyf.png Figure 1: The Three-Stage Pattern of BRI as a Global Ecosystem for Long-Term Symbiosis https://scispace.com/papers/the-behaviour-of-a-single-catalyst-pellet-for-the-selective-3vz30ioi79 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-single-particle-reactor-pi-pressure-indicator-tt-1pqfe80k.png Fig. 2. The single-particle reactor. PI = pressure indicator, TT = thermocouple. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-io-oscillatory-behaviour-calculated-with-the-first-order-2hbpu80h.png Fig. IO. Oscillatory behaviour calculated with the first-order model. (a) 8. = 3.8, 4 = 5 x lo-*, 8. = 80, es,. = 40, K = 0.1, m=jxw4, .7 BL = 0.1; @) e, = 3.8, 4 = 5e-9, e. = 80, ogy. = 50, K = - 4.9, m = 7X 10-30, TBL = 0.1. https://scispace.com/papers/the-benefits-of-diverse-preferences-in-library-consortia-4xx1v6s2a4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-consumption-patterns-without-a-consortium-under-2vjbqfbb.png Figure 2: The consumption patterns without a consortium under Assumption 2 when the budget is endogenous https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-e-ect-of-consortium-on-the-aggregate-payo-of-the-2zuhkfsz.png Figure 4: E¤ect of consortium on the aggregate payo¤ of the libraries when three publishers compete https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-e-ect-of-the-consortium-under-assumption-2-when-1m85gvdl.png Figure 3: The e¤ect of the consortium under Assumption 2 when the budget is endogenous https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-e-ect-of-the-consortium-under-assumption-1-when-1r2qwj0n.png Figure 1: The e¤ect of the consortium under Assumption 1 when the budget is exogenous https://scispace.com/papers/the-biaxial-strain-dependence-of-j-c-of-a-re-bco-coated-2qmiu40iz9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-strains-that-were-applied-to-the-re-bco-tape-the-2xynp9ff.png Fig. 1. The strains that were applied to the (RE)BCO tape. The open data points and dashed linear fits correspond to the strains that the tape were fixed to at 300 K and solid linear fits and closed data points correspond to the strains at 77 K. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-free-parameter-values-from-the-linear-fits-in-fig-1-3m81qdih.png TABLE I FREE PARAMETER VALUES FROM THE LINEAR FITS IN FIG. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-normalised-critical-current-density-as-a-function-34cxoktb.png Fig. 2. The normalised critical current density as a function of x- and y-strain at 77 K for Dataset I. is the independent variable and the coordinates are calculated from the linear fit in Fig. 1. The dashed lines are fits to the = 0 ° data and the solid lines are fits to the = 90 ° data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-parameter-values-from-the-parameterisation-of-the-13xwpe8q.png TABLE II PARAMETER VALUES FROM THE PARAMETERISATION OF THE ( , , ) DATA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-biaxial-strain-dependence-of-for-77-k-0-5-t-and-90-32kwiz72.png Fig. 5. The biaxial strain dependence of ! for = 77 K, = 0.5 T and = 90 °. The surface and three lines are generated using the free parameters in Table II. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-normalised-critical-current-density-as-a-function-1pzzr1kf.png Fig. 4. The normalised critical current density as a function of x- and y-strain at 77 K for Dataset III. is the independent variable and the coordinates are calculated from the linear fit in Fig. 1. The dashed lines are fits to the = 0 ° data and the solid lines are fits to the = 90 ° data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-normalised-critical-current-density-as-a-function-1803fopc.png Fig. 3. The normalised critical current density as a function of x- and y-strain at 77 K for Dataset II. is the independent variable and the coordinates are calculated from the linear fit in Fig. 1. The dashed lines are fits to the = 0 ° data and the solid lines are fits to the = 90 ° data. https://scispace.com/papers/the-big-meaning-of-small-messages-the-use-of-whatsapp-in-58j0hyc0hb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-key-informants-and-informants-by-q6luesu7.png Table 1. Characteristics of key informants and informants by country https://scispace.com/papers/the-biological-challenges-and-pharmacological-opportunities-z5adkugtfl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physiological-characteristics-of-the-sections-of-the-3tl8usyn.png Table 1. Physiological characteristics of the sections of the gastrointestinal system. The pH, 1013 volume, radius and transit time data are the data used in the GastroPlus physiologically based 1014 pharmacokinetic modelling software for simulated fasted human subjects [126]. The 1015 thickness of loosely and firmly adherent mucous was obtained from rats [127] and is a meta-1016 analysis of several studies giving the mean thickness ± standard deviation or, in the stomach, 1017 thickness range. 1018 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-examples-of-nanoparticles-created-to-target-h-pylori-381ydr1a.png Table 2. Examples of nanoparticles created to target H pylori infection by employment of 1020 various design strategies. Strategies occasionally overlap, although, roughly categorise into 1021 the adherence to gastric mucous to prolong drug exposure, the targeting of the bacteria or of 1022 the site of bacteria residence deep within the mucous. 1023 https://scispace.com/papers/the-binding-of-palonosetron-and-other-antiemetic-drugs-to-2xi2pk51wx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-loop-f-on-a-cartoon-representations-loop-f-residues-3vqd6mnt.png Figure 9. Loop F. On a cartoon representations, loop F residues                      (orange) which mutations are discussed in the text are represented as                      sticks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cryo-em-structure-of-the-mouse-5-ht3-receptor-in-chizjh92.png Figure 1. Cryo-EM structure of the mouse 5-HT3 receptor in complex                      with palonosetron. a. View parallel to the membrane plane. Three                    subunits are represented as cartoons while the cryo-EM map is                    depicted for the two last subunits. Palonosetron molecules are                  depicted as yellow spheres. b. View of a slab (fuschia lines)                      perpendicular to the membrane (as indicated by the arrow). c.                    Chemical formula of palonosetron, with its aromatic moiety in blue, its                      ring-embedded protonated nitrogen in green and its H-bond                acceptor oxygen group in red. The ‘s’ letters next to chiral carbon                        atoms indicate stereochemistry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-trapped-water-molecule-links-palonosetron-h-bond-2fjzow32.png Figure 5. A trapped water molecule links palonosetron H-bond                  acceptor and the receptor. a. Representative snapshot illustrating the                  water mediated H-Bond network linking the palonosetron central                carbonyl to protein residues W156 and Y64. b. Pair radial distribution                      functions between the oxygen of the palonosetron central carbonyl                  and the water oxygen, characterizing the probability density to find                    the two species at a given distance. The peak located at ~3 Å                          indicates that for every subunit, there is always one water molecule                      H-bonded to palonosetron. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-close-up-of-the-palonosetron-binding-site-a-3vqo5rw3.png Figure 2. Close-up of the palonosetron binding site. a. Electrostatic                    potential mapped on the molecular surface of the 5-HT3 receptor,                    with stick representation of palonosetron in the neurotransmitter                binding site. The view is from outside, approximately perpendicular to                    the membrane plane. b. Cartoon and stick representation,                approximately parallel to the membrane. Side chains within 4 Å of the                        drug are depicted as sticks. The protein is colored using the same                        code throughout the report (on the principal side, loop A: maroon,                      loop B: green, loop C: yellow; on the complementary side, loop D:                        purple, loop E: orchid, loop F: orange, loop G: forest green). The                        cryo-EM density for palonosetron is depicted as a grey mesh. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-inhibited-conformations-form-a-group-that-31ffwk8u.png Figure 10. The inhibited conformations form a group that differ from the active ones . Because the quaternary organization is key to the gating of                                                the 5-HT3 receptor, we here represent the principal subunit ECD after alignment of the complementary subunit ECD. Active conformations are                                        depicted in red, inhibited in blue, while the apo one is in green. All the inhibited conformations are clearly grouped, all the active ones as well.                                                    The inhibited group is closer to the apo conformation, and similar at the ECD/TMD interface while differences are seen in β8 and β9. a. and b.                                                    panels are two different orientations where the subunit is seen from the point of view of its two neighbors. c. Palonosetron (yellow spheres) fits                                                tightly in its binding site (surface of loop C in blue) but would clash with the binding site of the active conformation (red surface of loop C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-h-bonding-pattern-and-dynamics-of-palonosetron-ctjp88pu.png Figure 4. H-bonding pattern and dynamics of palonosetron during MD simulations.  a. The inset shows the distributions of the dihedral angle between the two moieties of palonosetron (drawn in red), either bound to the receptor                                                or free in water. The position of the aromatic part is relatively conserved in the protein indicating that the conformations sampled result from the                                                conformational dynamics of the azabicyclo ring in the binding site. b. The two distance distributions depict the H-Bonds between the azabicyclo                                          ring -NH group and the backbone carbonyl of W156 (the major interactant) and the sidechain carbonyl of N101 (note the sharp peak at 2.5 Å                                                  distance) monitored over the MD trajectory for the 5 subunits. c. Three snapshots illustrate the main conformations sampled by palonosetron. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-network-of-side-chain-interactions-on-the-32k3cevl.png Figure 3. Network of side chain interactions on the complementary                    subunit. a. Cartoon and stick representation, approximately parallel to                  the membrane. Side chains within 4 Å of the drug are depicted as                          sticks. Yellow dashes indicate H-bonds or salt bridges. The dual                    conformation of residues Y67 and W168 (see Methods) is depicted as                      transparent sticks. b. Distance distributions between atoms forming the                  three salt bridges D42-R65, D42-R169 and D177-R169 (black, red and                    transparent cyan respectively) sampled during the MD simulation in                  the presence of palonosetron. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-loop-a-on-a-cartoon-representation-the-three-most-19a5nxjv.png Figure 6. Loop A. On a cartoon representation, the three most                      important residues of loop A are shown as sticks, together with                      neighbors of E102. The interactions of E102 described in the text are                        represented as dashes. https://scispace.com/papers/the-binary-frequency-among-carbon-enhanced-s-process-rich-3203l28f9v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-expected-fraction-of-vr-variable-stars-for-different-1a9a3ldc.png TABLE 6 Expected Fraction of Vr-variable Stars for Different Period Cutoffs https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-atmospheric-parameters-for-sample-stars-2o545cs4.png TABLE 1 Atmospheric Parameters for Sample Stars https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-observation-log-and-measured-radial-velocities-nvs17p3z.png TABLE 2 Observation Log and Measured Radial Velocities https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-orbital-elements-for-sample-stars-k7ghazwy.png TABLE 4 Orbital Elements for Sample Stars https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-probability-of-radial-velocity-variations-1k0exnoc.png TABLE 3 Probability of Radial Velocity Variations https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-expected-fraction-of-vr-variable-stars-as-a-function-1yka4g0i.png TABLE 5 Expected Fraction of Vr-variable Stars as a Function of Adopted Binary Fraction https://scispace.com/papers/the-biological-pump-and-seasonal-variability-of-pco-2-in-the-pfqizsyark 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spatial-distribution-of-the-mean-iron-quota-of-3kd4kot9.png Figure 2. Spatial distribution of the mean iron quota of diatoms in summer (December, January, and February) in the Southern Ocean, south of 308S in (a) the CTL experiment and (b) the PHYSIO experiment. Annual mean positions of the fronts are shown by the black lines: from north to south, the STF, the SAF, and the PF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-seasonal-cycles-from-june-to-may-of-the-anomalies-pmw4ripi.png Figure 7. Seasonal cycles from June to May of the anomalies of DpCO2 (pCOoc2 – pCO atm 2 ) from observations, Landsch€utzer data set (dashed line, dark gray), Takahashi data set (dashed line, light gray), the CTL experiment (light blue), and the PHYSIO experiment (dark blue) averaged over (a) the Sub-Antarctic Zone (SAZ), (b) the Polar Zone (PZ), (c) the Antarctic Zone (AZ), and (d) the Southern Ocean (SO), south of the subtropical front. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-seasonal-cycles-from-june-to-may-of-the-surface-326hd2v1.png Figure 11. Seasonal cycles from June to May of the surface silicate concentration (Si, mmol m23) from the World Ocean Atlas 2013 observations climatology (dashed line, gray), the CTL experiment (light blue), and the PHYSIO experiment (dark blue) averaged over (a) the Sub-Antarctic Zone (SAZ), (b) the Polar Zone (PZ), (c) the Antarctic Zone, and (d) the Southern Ocean (SO), south of the subtropical front. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spatial-distribution-of-the-mean-carbon-export-at-2ewv2yk9.png Figure 3. Spatial distribution of the mean carbon export at 150 m (mgC m22 d21) in summer (December, January, and February) in (a) the CTL experiment and (b) the PHYSIO experiment. Annual mean positions of the fronts are shown by the black lines: from north to south, the STF, the SAF, and the PF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-spatial-distribution-of-the-seasonal-amplitude-3fauanat.png Figure 6. Spatial distribution of the seasonal amplitude (winter minus summer) of DpCO2 (pCOoc2 – pCO atm 2 ) determined from (a) the Takahashi climatology, (b) the Landsch€utzer climatology, (c) the CTL experiment, and (d) the PHYSIO experiment. Winter encompasses June, July, and August and summer December, January, and February. Annual mean positions of the fronts in the model are shown in both experiments (black lines): from north to south, the STF, the SAF, and the PF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-annual-mean-sea-air-fluxes-of-co2-pgc-yr-21-2xeb4wgq.png Figure 10. (a) Annual mean sea-air fluxes of CO2 (PgC yr 21) integrated over the SO and over the three provinces in the CTL experiment (pink), the PHYSIO experiment (red), and the observations (gray) for 2010. Error bars in the observations are overprinted in dark gray. (b) Difference in the zonal mean concentrations of DIC (mmol m23) between both experiments (PHYSIO minus CTL). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spatial-distribution-of-the-mean-surface-xbtwqb95.png Figure 4. Spatial distribution of the mean surface chlorophyll concentrations in summer (December, January, and February) in the Southern Ocean, south of 308S, from (a) observations (MODIS-Aqua), (b) the CTL experiment, and (c) the PHYSIO experiment. Annual mean positions of the fronts in the model are shown in both experiments by the black lines: from north to south, the STF, the SAF, and the PF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-seasonal-cycles-from-june-to-may-of-the-37gnf67i.png Figure 8. Seasonal cycles from June to May of the thermodynamical (sst) and both biological and dynamical (dyn1bio) relative contributions to the seasonal cycle of DpCO2 averaged over (a) the Sub-Antarctic Zone (SAZ), (b) the Polar Zone (PZ), (c) the Antarctic Zone (AZ), and (d) the Southern Ocean (SO), south of the subtropical front. The light red (CTL) and the dark red (PHYSIO) curves denote the thermodynamic effect. The biological and physical factors are displayed in light blue (CTL) and dark blue (PHYSIO). https://scispace.com/papers/the-birth-of-classical-genetics-as-the-junction-of-two-25xqq5qdm1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-genetic-map-above-and-cytological-map-of-the-salivary-1372z4h2.png Fig. 7. Genetic map (above) and cytological map of the salivary gland of the female larva of Drosophila melanogaster. Correspondences between the loci of the genetic map with homologous loci of the salivary chromosomes are indicated by oblique lines (Painter, 1934, pp. 452-453). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagrammatic-expression-of-mendels-first-law-morgan-1tvpa65m.png Fig. 1. Diagrammatic expression of Mendel’s first law (Morgan, 1928, p. 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-punnett-square-showing-the-expected-distribution-of-1fzpxa3n.png Fig. 2. Punnett square showing the expected distribution of genes among the germ cells for a cross involving two genes. It can also be considered as a diagrammatic expression of Mendel’s second law (Morgan, 1928, p. 9). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-mechanistic-model-of-crossing-over-morgan-et-al-xt8k5kwe.png Fig. 4. The mechanistic model of crossing-over (Morgan et al., 1915, p. 60). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-table-of-recombination-frequencies-sturtevant-1913-p-2u3kp2ai.png Table 2. Table of recombination frequencies (Sturtevant, 1913, p. 48). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-chromosomes-intertwining-in-batracoseps-janssens-1909-12ct70sr.png Fig. 3. Chromosomes intertwining in Batracoseps (Janssens, 1909). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-linkage-map-corresponding-to-table-2-sturtevant-1913-p-3f9641tu.png Fig. 5. Linkage map corresponding to table 2 (Sturtevant, 1913, p. 49). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-representation-of-double-crossing-over-sxy3911d.png Fig. 6. Schematic representation of double crossing-over (Morgan et al., 1915, p. 62). https://scispace.com/papers/the-biosynthetic-gene-cluster-for-the-anticancer-drug-4nl80hp64f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-genetic-organization-of-the-blm-biosynthetic-gene-1zk7tvg9.png Figure 3 (A) Genetic organization of the BLM biosynthetic gene cluster [7]. Modules for individual NRPSand PKSare given along with their predicted or confi rmed substrates (*) in parentheses. Three-letter amino acid designations were used. B, BamHI. (B) A linear model for the BLM megasynthetase-templated assembly of the BLM peptide/polyketide/peptide aglycone from nine amino acids and one acetate [7]. Abbreviations for NRPSand PKS domains are: A, adenylation; ACP, acyl carrier protein; AL, acyl CoA ligase; AT, aclytransferase; C and C′, condensation; Cy, condensation/ cyclization; KR, ketoreductase; KS, ketoacyl synthase; MT, methyltransferase; Ox, oxidation; and PCP, peptidyl carrier protein. “NH2,” an unspecifi ed amino group donor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-structures-of-blms-and-primary-biosynthetic-24ny64nv.png Figure 2 (A) Structures of BLMs and primary biosynthetic precursors for the BLM aglycone. (B) The proposed biosynthetic pathway for BLMs involved a hybrid NRPS/ PKS/ NRPS system. The growing hybrid peptide–polyketide intermediates P-3A, P-4, P-5, and P-6m were isolated from the wild-type S. verticillus fermentation and their structures were determined [12,27– 29]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-pptase-catalyzed-posttranslational-modifi-cation-19jtw4fr.png Figure 1 (A) PPTase-catalyzed posttranslational modifi cation of apo-ACP/PCP into holo-ACP/PCP. (B) Hybrid NRPS/PKS-catalyzed C–C bond formation in hybrid peptide/polyketide biosynthesis. (C) Hybrid PKS/ NRPS-catalyzed C–N bond formation in hybrid polyketide/peptide biosynthesis. These are hypothetical NRPS and PKS modules shown with only their respective core domains. Abbreviations for NRPS and PKS domains are: A, adenylation; ACP, acyl carrier protein; AT, acyltransferase; C, condensation; KS, ketoacyl synthase; and PCP, peptidyl carrier protein. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-representation-of-the-blmix-blmviii-1q5knicj.png Figure 4 Schematic representation of the BlmIX/BlmVIII/BlmVII system as a model for channeling the growing intermediate between NRPS and PKSmodule s or between PKSand NRPSmodules for biosynthesis of hybrid peptide–polyketide natural products. The KS and ACP domains of Blm VIII and the putative interpolypeptide linkers between BlmIX/BlmVIII and BlmVIII/BlmVII are shaded to emphasize their roles in facilitating interactions between NRPSand PKSto constitute a functional hybrid NRPS–PKSsystem. https://scispace.com/papers/the-bit-value-of-working-memory-3sp5fdsxc0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-values-of-the-retrieved-objects-expressed-as-3us49ya9.png Table 1. Mean values of the retrieved objects expressed as the numbers of elements and bits in the specific experiments in men and women. No significant sex differences were found (p = .05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparisons-between-retrieved-objects-expressed-as-3pan47kz.png Table 2. Comparisons between retrieved objects, expressed as numbers of elements and bits in the specific experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-the-relationship-between-the-mean-number-of-84agq2jm.png Figure 2. (A) The relationship between the mean number of retrieved objects and bit values of single objects in the specific experiments. (B) The relationship between the mean number of retrieved bits and the total bit value of the objects in the specific experiments. The same letter on top of the bars denotes the homogeneity of the statistical groups (p = .05). Errors bars represent standard deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-objects-in-the-4-out-of-2-4-out-of-3-3aq0eshm.png Figure 1. Examples of objects in the “4 out of 2”, “4 out of 3”, and “4 out of 4” experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-visual-representation-of-the-hypothetical-snea1npt.png Figure 3. Visual representation of the hypothetical functioning of working memory (WM) in the context of the bit value of information. (A) Working memory is understood as a limited resource, in which information with a relatively stable bit value can be processed simultaneously. Processing additional portions of information requires removing the previously processed information. (B) In the present study, we used portions of information with different bit values that always filled the same limited bit space available in WM. The number of objects with a higher bit value stored in WM was lower than the number of objects with a lower bit value. (C) Algorithm for sorting information to fill the part of WM available for processing the information. https://scispace.com/papers/the-black-hole-mass-color-relations-for-early-and-late-type-ulxt623hzs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-continued-qqbm8l0p.png TABLE 5 (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-correlations-of-directly-measured-smbh-masses-mbh-with-35g5zdbr.png Fig. 2.— Correlations of directly measured SMBH masses (MBH) with the total (i.e., bulge+disk) UV − 3.6 µm colors (CUV,tot) of their host galaxies. MBH −CFUV,tot relations (left) and MBH −CNUV,tot relations (right) for early- and late-type galaxies. Our early-type morphological bin comprises E, E-S0, S0, and S0-a. Late-type galaxies (i.e., Sa, Sb, Sc, Sd, Sm and Irr) are plotted in blue. Early- and late-type galaxies, which are fit separately, define two distinct red and blue sequences with significantly different slopes (see Table 1). The solid red and solid blue lines are the symmetric bces bisector fits to our early- and late-type data, respectively, the shaded regions cover the associated 1σ uncertainties on these fits (Table 1). The dashed and dash-dotted lines delineate the one and three times the intrinsic scatter, respectively. Errors on MBH and CUV,tot are shown, and for galaxies with black hole upper limits we only show the lower uncertainty on MBH (see the text for further detail). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-supermassive-black-hole-masses-2ly8o7sq.png TABLE 4 Supermassive black hole masses https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mbh-s-relation-2m1yzp61.png TABLE 2 MBH − σ relation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mbh-l3-6-tot-relation-4qf9q8z3.png TABLE 3 MBH − L3.6,tot relation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-galaxies-with-measured-smbh-masses-mbh-mbh-plotted-as-30cfyf1h.png Fig. 1.— Galaxies with measured SMBH masses (MBH). MBH plotted as a function of (a) total Ks-band luminosity and (b) the half-light radius (Re) for a sample of 245 galaxies with measured MBH (van den Bosch 2016, his Table 2). Colored symbols denote our sample of 67 galaxies, whereas filled gray circles show the remaining 178 galaxies with measured MBH in van den Bosch (2016, his Table 2). Panel (c): MBH versus total Ks-band stellar mass (M∗,k) for our sample derived from the total Ks-band luminosities assuming the Ks-band mass-to-light ratio M∗/Lk = 0.10σ 0.45 (van den Bosch 2016). Morphological classifications are from HyperLeda. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-probability-distribution-function-pdf-for-the-a74kwd9c.png Fig. 8.— probability distribution function (PDF) for the difference in slopes (β) between the linear Bayesian regression fits to the earlyand late-type (MBH, CUV,tot) data (see Fig. 7). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-similar-to-fig-2-a-but-here-we-also-show-host-galaxy-1pcid1ty.png Fig. 4.— Similar to Fig. 2(a), but here we also show host galaxy properties. Barred galaxies are enclosed in boxes. Seven core-Sérsic galaxies (6 Es + 1 S) with partially depleted cores published in the literature are enclosed in crosses (see Section 4.2). https://scispace.com/papers/the-blast-wave-decay-correlation-for-hydrogen-tank-rupture-2tqim1ehae 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-hydrogen-tanks-used-in-the-numerical-16ugqwx6.png Table 2. Parameters of hydrogen tanks used in the numerical experiments (T=395 K for all tanks). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-initial-blast-wave-pressure-as-a-function-of-lxn0r1vf.png Figure 2. Initial blast wave pressure as a function of distance for the finer and coarser grids. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-burned-hydrogen-as-a-function-of-time-for-various-2l1j22pi.png Figure 7. Burned hydrogen as a function of time for various tanks (within the first 10 ms). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-universal-correlation-for-the-blast-wave-decay-2z1eokm1.png Figure 12. The universal correlation for the blast wave decay after a hydrogen tank rupture in a tunnel fire. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-blast-wave-propagation-in-a-double-lane-tunnel-3cdpal42.png Figure 3. Blast wave propagation in a double-lane tunnel after 95 MPa, 176 L (6.9 kg of hydrogen) tank rupture in a fire. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-calculated-mechanical-energy-released-from-2ptq9gmk.png Table 4. The calculated mechanical energy released from rupture for each tank volume (α=1.8). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-dimensionless-transition-distance-as-a-function-of-27phljmj.png Figure 11. Dimensionless transition distance as a function of the dimensionless length 𝐿D. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-correlation-in-dimensionless-parameters-for-3ttz4l18.png Figure 10. The correlation in dimensionless parameters 𝑃#-𝐿# for different tunnels and hydrogen tanks, and three powers for the aspect ratios: AR0.5 (left), AR1 (middle) and AR2 (right). The best convergence is achieved here for n=2 (minimum R2). Something noticeable with the proposed decay correlation in dimensionless parameters 𝑃#-𝐿# is the divided tail-end on the right of Fig. 10 seen between the 1500 m and 150 m long tunnels. This is thought due to the omission of friction/minor losses in the correlating parameters up to now. Indeed, the influence of blast wave decay due to frictional losses on the walls of the tunnel first manifests as a function of distance 30 times the tunnel hydraulic diameter [32]. https://scispace.com/papers/the-blue-c-distributed-scene-graph-3gxe8oeel5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-overview-1pzhbpbp.png Figure 1: System overview. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-distributed-chess-b-collaborative-painter-jzrqwj8f.png Figure 2: (a) Distributed chess. (b) Collaborative painter. https://scispace.com/papers/the-body-and-its-parts-in-tidore-a-papuan-language-of-4px800lk2d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-aliena-u0q6t0w2.png Table 6 Aliena https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-external-parts-1sipp626.png Table 2 External parts https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-3ftf2pv2.png Table 2 External parts https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-internal-parts-2qbn430v.png Table 3 Internal parts https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-partonomy-of-tidore-parts-of-the-body-2imllpzk.png Fig. 1. A partonomy of Tidore parts of the body. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-other-1huc67ap.png Table 4 Other https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-face-and-its-parts-209vp1xu.png Table 1 The face and its parts https://scispace.com/papers/the-border-effect-in-the-japanese-market-a-gravity-model-3b7qkjli00 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-calculation-of-border-effect-for-manufactured-goods-1dxiakyw.png Table 4 Calculation of Border Effect for Manufactured Goods https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimated-gravity-model-for-okinawa-in-1990-3ekhd0qx.png Table 5 Estimated Gravity Model for Okinawa in 1990 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-tariff-rate-in-japan-1960-1990-1o5bof4w.png Figure 1 Average Tariff Rate in Japan, 1960-1990 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-re-imports-to-japan-by-fdi-1980-1990-rlluu5f3.png Figure 2 Re-imports to Japan by FDI, 1980 -1990 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-commodity-export-ratios-1960-1990-1889okr8.png Figure 4 Commodity Export Ratios, 1960-1990 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-commodity-import-ratios-1960-1990-3djw28d2.png Figure 3 Commodity Import Ratios, 1960-1990 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gravity-model-ols-results-including-japan-dummy-for-23kjpvlz.png Table 1: Gravity Model OLS Results, including Japan Dummy for All Tradable Goods https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-calculation-of-border-effect-for-all-tradable-goods-2ier1sdx.png Table 2 Calculation of Border effect for All Tradable Goods https://scispace.com/papers/the-borders-of-cis-regulatory-dna-sequences-harbor-the-3kgn9hw0uu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-motif-prevalence-index-mpi-of-tf-binding-2d4cuiv6.png FIGURE 1 | Motif prevalence index (MPI) of TF binding specificities in humans. Phylogenetic relationship between 364 human TF binding specificities (motifs) from the JASPAR database and their MPI scores (upper panel). Color codes denote the presence of motifs in various metazoan lineages. Black denotes the absence of motifs. https://scispace.com/papers/the-boolean-solution-to-the-congested-ip-link-location-bjvy5trqgs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-planetlab-experiments-3vq2ijbe.png TABLE II PLANETLAB EXPERIMENTS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-running-time-in-minutes-1u9aw9bc.png TABLE III RUNNING TIME (IN MINUTES). https://scispace.com/papers/the-borrelia-burgdorferi-adenylyl-cyclase-cyab-is-important-5dq59abmiw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tissue-infectivity-of-b-burgdorferi-infected-mice-2ne3191e.png Table 2. Tissue infectivity of B. burgdorferi infected mice. 640 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-strains-and-plasmids-used-in-this-study-638-l5sw46br.png Table 1. Strains and plasmids used in this study. 638 https://scispace.com/papers/the-bovine-alveolar-macrophage-dna-methylome-is-resilient-to-qrba7u1jpu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-confirmation-of-an-intermediately-methylated-bu4deu4e.png Figure 8. Confirmation of an intermediately methylated promoter region at the C1QB gene locus. (A) Clonal analysis of seven CpG dinucleotides in a 269 bp fragment of the bovine C1QB 5′ promoter region, a–d represent sequencing of four biological replicates. Closed and open circles denote methylated and unmethylated CpGs, respectively. (B) Aggregated representation of methylation status at CpGs 1–7 in the C1QB proximal promoter region; (a–d) represent animals A–D, numbers between boxes indicate genomic distance between CpGs while numbers above boxes indicate the position of the CpG within the analysed region; BLUE = methylated, BLACK = unmethylated, GREY = not present; (C) Schematic representation of the analysed C1QB region and the recognition sites of AciI and TaqαI as obtained by NEBcutter V2.0; length is displayed in bp; (D–F) COBRA results of Uninfected (D), Infected (E) and tissue samples (F) digested with AciI, TaqαI or undigested (Ctrl). https://scispace.com/papers/the-boundary-between-gas-rich-and-gas-poor-planets-4b04e4u1u2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-changing-median-core-mass-on-the-arutwl48.png Figure 3. Effect of changing median core mass on the distribution of gas-to-core mass ratios (GCR). We show both the differential (top row) and the cumulative (bottom row) distribution function. The width of the distribution is fixed to σ=1 (corresponding to 0.43 dex). All calculations are computed at 0.1 au with α=10−3. A more massive median core mass shifts the peak GCR to a larger value. Assuming accretion to be dominated by gas cooling at all times (left column), a larger median core mass leads to a stronger secondary peak at high Mgas/Mcore corresponding to gas giants. Correcting for hydrodynamic flows (middle column) erases this secondary peak and broadens the distribution toward lower Mgas/Mcore. Adding an additional correction for the global disk accretion (right column) makes the final distribution ofMgas/Mcore more bottom-heavy. Observed planet occurrence rates assuming all rocky super-Earths to be initially gas-laden sub-Neptunes (black circles) are best explained with the median core mass ∼3–5 M⊕. If the rocky super-Earths are born rocky, we need a broader core-mass distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-changing-the-width-of-the-core-mass-23i4rnkh.png Figure 4. Effect of changing the width of the core-mass distribution on the final occurrence rate of planets with different gas-to-core mass ratios M Mgas core. The differential and cumulative distribution functions are shown in the top and the bottom rows, respectively. The median core mass is fixed at 4 M⊕. All envelope masses are computed at 0.1 au with α=10−3. All plotting and labeling conventions mirror that of Figure 3. Broader distributions of core masses lead to flatter distributions of Mgas/Mcore. Like Figure 3, we see the disappearance of the secondary peak at high Mgas/Mcore when local hydrodynamic flows are taken into account. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-likelihood-of-the-model-cumulative-distribution-of-wtdp3a0o.png Figure 5. Likelihood of the model cumulative distribution of gas-to-core mass ratios matching the observations (Equation (15)). Accretion times are drawn uniformly in linear space from 0 to 12 Myr. The core-mass distribution that maximizes the likelihood function is marked with an orange cross: median of ÅM4.30 and the standard deviation of 1.30 (equivalent to 0.56 dex). There is a positive correlation between μ and σ because for high medians, the core-mass distribution needs to be broad enough to encompass smaller cores that nucleate sub-Neptunes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-between-equation-5-dashed-lines-and-3sn83kgf.png Figure 1. Comparison between Equation (5) (dashed lines) and numerical results (solid lines). Numerical calculations are performed at 0.1 au with Σneb= 39.4 g cm−2, Tdisk=1000 K, and dusty envelopes. The outer boundary of the envelope is taken at 0.3×min(RHill, RBondi). We truncate any curve that extends beyond 10 Myr, the typical timescale over which the disk gas disperses. Overall, the analytic formula agrees with the numerical result within factors of order unity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-gas-accretion-rates-between-accretion-2uzkzi50.png Figure 2. Comparison of gas accretion rates between accretion by cooling (Ṁcool, solid color curves; Equation (14)), hydrodynamic flows (Ṁhydro, dashed lines; Equations (7) and (9)), and global disk accretion (Ṁdisk , solid gray curve; Equation (11)). Both hydrodynamic flows and disk accretion assume α=10−3. For Mcore<20 M⊕, Ṁhydro declines sharply beyond ∼1 Myr, just like Ṁdisk . This drop reflects the rapid dispersal of inner disk gas, potentially by photoevaporation cutting off the gas inflow from beyond ∼1 au (Owen et al. 2011). For high-mass cores, Ṁhydro drops at earlier times because they trigger the runaway earlier and carve out a deep gap in the disk, reducing significantly the local gas surface density. Low-mass (20M⊕) cores build their gaseous envelopes entirely by gas cooling. Accretion onto high-mass cores is initially limited by the global disk gas accretion. Once the planet gains enough mass to carve out a deep gap in the disk, their growth is limited by hydrodynamic flows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-final-gas-to-core-mass-ratio-gcr-mgas-mcore-given-1mawsdqh.png Figure 6. Final gas-to-core mass ratio GCR ≡ Mgas/Mcore, given the core mass Mcore and the accretion time (color-coded) for the best-fit model ensemble of planetary core masses (μ = 4.3 M⊕, σ = 1.3). We confirm the typical Mgas/Mcore ∼0.01 (the right histogram). We see four distinct regimes of maximum GCR. Cores with Mcore0.4 M⊕ cannot accrete beyond the isothermal maximally cooled state. For 0.4Mcore/M⊕10, envelope cooling proceeds until the dispersal of the nebular gas. Beyond 10 M⊕, planets are able to enter the runaway regime but their growth is ultimately stymied by local hydrodynamic flows. Cores larger than ∼40 M⊕ are so massive that they carve out a deep gap, and the maximum Mgas they can attain drops with core mass. The median core mass of sub-Saturns and Jovians (Mgas/ Mcore > 0.1 in the upper panel) roughly corresponds to the mass at which the limiting mechanism of envelope growth switches from gas cooling to hydrodynamic flows. Real-life exoplanets are plotted as circles (Lopez & Fortney 2014) and triangles (Petigura et al. 2017). We also plot K2-55b (Dressing et al. 2018) as diamonds. Apart from super-puffs (marked in red; Kepler-51b, Kepler-223e, Kepler-87c, and Kepler-79d), data points fall within the expected range of Mgas/Mcore for given Mcore. These super-puffs require a special condition that not only do they have to build their envelopes beyond ∼1 au but also that their accretion needs to be dust-free (Lee & Chiang 2016). There are a few data points that lie slightly above the expected maximum Mgas/Mcore; these planets have similarly low bulk densities as the known super-puffs (ρbulk 0.5 g cm3) and so may share the same formation history. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cumulative-distribution-function-of-mgas-mcore-1u33i98k.png Table 1 Cumulative Distribution Function of Mgas/Mcore Inferred from Observations https://scispace.com/papers/the-brady-rule-may-hurt-the-innocent-95ugt4472f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-outcomes-under-different-prosecutorial-3hh430jr.png Table 3. Comparison of Outcomes under Different Prosecutorial Strategies when Mandatory Disclosure is Introduced Conditional on Type https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prosecutorial-strategies-conditional-on-type-and-p6eupm42.png Table 2. Prosecutorial Strategies Conditional on Type and Disclosure Regime https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-probabilities-of-incriminatory-evidence-conditional-lnrn1xd7.png Table 1. Probabilities of Incriminatory Evidence Conditional on Type https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prosecutorial-strategies-conditional-on-costs-of-2732sc0h.png Figure 1. Prosecutorial Strategies Conditional on Costs of Prosecution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-prosecutorial-strategies-conditional-on-costs-of-1u7yf7ea.png Figure 2. Prosecutorial Strategies Conditional on Costs of Prosecution under Mandatory and Voluntary Disclosure. https://scispace.com/papers/the-brain-dynamics-toolbox-for-matlab-lwvhi6om9z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-software-metadata-optional-3shk4u5w.png Table 1: Software metadata (optional) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-screenshots-of-selected-display-panels-in-the-albs22jf.png Figure 1: Screenshots of selected display panels in the graphical interface as it simulates a network of n=20 Hindmarsh-Rose [13] neurons. The parameters of the model appear in the control panel on the right-hand side of the application window. The solution is automatically recomputed each time any of those controls are altered. Individual controls can be scalar, vector or matrix values thereby accommodating arbitrarily large parameter sets. A Mathematical equations rendered with LaTeX. B Time portraits. C Phase portrait. D Space-time portrait. E Hilbert transform. F Solver step sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-hub-and-spoke-software-architecture-of-the-5g6dy5yf.png Figure 2: The hub-and-spoke software architecture of the Brain Dynamics Toolbox. Numerical solvers marked with an asterisk are unique to the toolbox. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-code-metadata-mandatory-1grslefy.png Table 2: Code metadata (mandatory) https://scispace.com/papers/the-brand-effect-of-key-phrases-and-advertisements-in-37z70ntfjd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-example-of-a-sponsored-search-advertisement-1sqq9vnz.png Table 3. Example of a Sponsored Search Advertisement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ad-and-key-phrase-brand-categories-1tt4xs6l.png Figure 1. Ad and Key Phrase Brand Categories https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-post-hoc-analysis-for-clicks-by-phrase-and-ad-3ih8ue54.png Table 8. Post Hoc Analysis for Clicks by Phrase and Ad Combination. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fields-from-key-word-advertising-log-yq0g9y8e.png Table 2. Fields from Key Word Advertising Log. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-occurrences-for-each-brand-focused-category-in-34su301u.png Table 6. Occurrences for Each Brand-Focused Category in Overall Data Set. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-example-of-customer-query-and-brand-mentions-waaecj14.png Table 7. Example of Customer Query and Brand Mentions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-post-hoc-analysis-for-items-sold-by-phrase-and-ad-1q2i33j0.png Table 12. Post Hoc Analysis for Items Sold by Phrase and Ad Combination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-overall-cost-and-revenue-by-brand-u0gi8zaq.png Figure 2. Percentage of Overall Cost and Revenue by Brand-Focus Categories https://scispace.com/papers/the-brief-problem-monitor-parent-form-bpm-p-a-short-version-3bur76mvac 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-standardised-factor-loadings-and-factor-2y0rpodw.png Figure 1: Standardised factor loadings and factor correlations for the final fully constrained solution of BPM-P items over age 6, 7, and 8 (Model D6 in Table 1). In brackets: original CBCL/6-18 item numeration https://scispace.com/papers/the-bright-side-of-shiller-swaps-a-solution-tointer-2ml9psbjd4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-6-hedged-wage-exposure-ndc-and-value-of-ndc-account-4t5oyg01.png FIG. A.6 Hedged wage exposure NDC and value of NDC account, when the swap premium is set for international investors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-5-risky-weights-when-swap-premium-s-is-set-for-26wpxrss.png FIG. A.5 Risky weights when swap premium s is set for international investors, but with di¤erent constant relative risk aversions(CRRA) . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-7-consumption-c-patterns-when-swap-premium-is-set-for-p46wpcko.png FIG. A.7 Consumption C; patterns when swap premium is set for international investors and without Shiller-swaps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-8-risky-weight-when-swap-premium-is-set-for-3gz1p9aj.png FIG. A.8 Risky weight when swap premium is set for international investors and without Shillerswaps. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-variance-decomposition-and-estimated-return-6j788ocw.png TABLE A.1 Variance decomposition and estimated return covariances https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-10-amount-of-equity-exposure-through-shiller-swap-ndc-2ljdj4oa.png FIG. A.10 Amount of equity exposure through Shiller-swap NDC ; with di¤erent swap premia. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-9-cash-on-hand-x-patterns-when-swap-premium-is-set-for-2fz9djnw.png FIG. A.9 Cash on hand X, patterns when swap premium is set for international investors and wihout Shiller-swaps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-1-risky-weights-of-cash-on-hand-with-di-erent-shiller-3djq41ox.png FIG. A.1 Risky weights of cash on hand with di¤erent Shiller-swap premia in addition to the international requirement s. https://scispace.com/papers/the-broad-impact-of-a-narrow-conflict-how-natural-resource-2b218onytp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-heterogeneous-effect-of-shale-resource-endowments-on-392nci57.png Table 3. Heterogeneous Effect of Shale Resource Endowments on Pro-Environmental Voting by Issue Type https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-units-included-in-the-main-analysis-we-only-include-1vp76xo5.png Figure 1. Units included in the main analysis. We only include shale districts that can be paired with a neighboring no-shale district. For this reason, many of the districts in the interior of the interior of the Marcellus are excluded. Further, in models with state-specific time trends, only variation within states is exploited in the estimation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-shale-resource-endowments-on-party-of-ks6ar3zb.png Table 2. Effect of Shale Resource Endowments on Party of Member of Congress https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-shale-resource-endowments-on-pro-2qpsnnhv.png Table 1. Effect of Shale Resource Endowments on Pro-Environmental Voting https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-shale-resource-endowment-on-environmental-3rybb2pp.png Table 4. Effect of Shale Resource Endowment on Environmental Voting in Districts Where Representatives of the Same Party Were Been in Office from the Pre-Shale to the Post-Shale Period https://scispace.com/papers/the-building-process-of-single-family-houses-and-the-dtf05gzlhq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-specific-energy-use-kwh-m2-year-in-non-electrically-49zs4lqh.png Table 1 Specific energy use (kWh/m2/year) in non-electrically heated buildings in Sweden’s three climate zones. https://scispace.com/papers/the-build-up-and-transfer-of-sensorimotor-temporal-3ex9yyj04s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-tap-asynchronies-in-experiment-1-a-mean-tap-3ovak3en.png FIGURE 2 | Continued https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-continued-2px96oa6.png FIGURE 2 | Continued https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-tap-asynchronies-in-experiment-2-a-mean-tap-2dn9p29j.png FIGURE 3 | Mean tap asynchronies in Experiment 2. (A) Mean tap asynchronies per trial block. One block contained three consecutive trials (the last block contained only two trials). (B) Mean tap asynchronies per tap in one trial. One trial contained seven taps. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-standard-deviation-of-tap-stimulus-asynchronies-1ahcfwkn.png Table 2 | Mean standard deviation of tap-stimulus asynchronies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-tap-asynchronies-3v50gvfd.png Table 1 | Mean tap asynchronies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-continued-23fccu5t.png FIGURE 3 | Mean tap asynchronies in Experiment 2. (A) Mean tap asynchronies per trial block. One block contained three consecutive trials (the last block contained only two trials). (B) Mean tap asynchronies per tap in one trial. One trial contained seven taps. https://scispace.com/papers/the-burden-of-maternal-health-care-expenditure-in-india-3tj3dx5uqm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-showing-the-type-of-care-3skg0huv.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics showing the type of care, direct expenses in public hospitals and average direct and indirect expenditure related to maternal care services, India, 2004 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-expenditure-in-indian-rupees-on-maternal-2sfe0x0d.png Table 2 Average expenditure (in Indian Rupees) on maternal health care services for the year preceding the survey by states, 2004 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-estimated-average-maternal-care-expenditure-in-1d7q0mw6.png Figure 1 Estimated average maternal care expenditure (in Indian Rupees) by household expenditure quintile, all India data https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fixed-and-random-intercept-models-predicting-the-3gkz30a1.png Table 3 Fixed and random intercept models predicting the effect of selected characteristics on the proportion of maternal health care expenditure over total household expenditure, pooled data at all India level https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-contd-average-expenditure-in-indian-rupees-on-2flmh73g.png Table 2 Average expenditure (in Indian Rupees) on maternal health care services for the year preceding the survey by states, 2004 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-delivery-expenditure-in-public-health-3eal5nh2.png Figure 2 Average delivery expenditure in public health facilities for the bottom 20% of the expenditure quintiles in India, 2004 https://scispace.com/papers/the-business-benefits-of-pc-office-systems-and-end-user-22u8fntxiq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-medical-records-system-file-structure-18ha3s33.png Figure 2. The Medical Records System File Structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-rupert-expert-system-2xwkvgo0.png Figure 4. The Rupert Expert system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-business-workstations-market-trends-17kcinn8.png Figure 1. Business Workstations: Market Trends https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-users-of-office-systems-on-the-glaxo-company-network-2iagkgvk.png Table 1. Users of Office Systems on the Glaxo Company Network 1984. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-projected-evolution-of-pc-sales-1986-it-is-3i4r92v8.png Figure 5. Projected Evolution of PC Sales 1986. It is important to monitor technological trends and adjust procurement policy accordingly. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-document-processing-spectrum-2kf1cjap.png Figure 3. The Document Processing Spectrum. https://scispace.com/papers/the-bus-goes-wireless-routing-free-data-collection-with-qos-1e2pwpsy0o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-communication-over-the-lwb-prototype-occurs-within-3msph9a4.png Figure 3. Communication over the LWB prototype occurs within periodic communication rounds (A). Each round consists of sequential communication slots (B), which correspond to distinct Glossy floods (C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-performance-of-the-lwb-and-ctp-lpl-on-our-local-1yhg6og5.png Figure 5. Performance of the LWB and CTP+LPL on our local testbed as the wireless channel conditions change. The LWB shows only marginal performance variations during periods of controlled wireless interference, whereas CTP+ LPL decline considerably in both data yield and energy cost. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-packet-delivery-performance-of-the-lwb-in-a-639o9nrv.png Figure 6. Packet delivery performance of the LWB in a connected network with a few mobile nodes and high data rate (IPI = 1 s). Because communication over the LWB is independent of the current network topology, it achieves an average data yield of 99.74 % also when nodes are free to move. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-packet-propagation-during-a-glossy-1l1rl1so.png Figure 1. Example of packet propagation during a Glossy network flood. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-using-only-glossy-network-floods-for-communication-3krar0yq.png Figure 2. Using only Glossy network floods for communication, the LWB provides virtual single-hop connectivity in multi-hop wireless networks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cdfs-of-the-performance-of-the-lwb-and-ctp-lpl-on-1k5i27ph.png Figure 4. cdfs of the performance of the LWB and CTP+LPL on Twist. The LWB outperforms CTP+ LPL for all settings, delivering 99.97 % of all packets to the sink at an average radio duty cycle of 1.69 % for IPI = 1min. https://scispace.com/papers/the-calculation-of-returns-to-research-in-distorted-markets-2cs8sgtco5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-large-exporting-economy-with-a-target-price-ibml9rsq.png Fig. 3. A large exporting economy with a target price. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-closed-economy-with-an-output-subsidy-1msild5s.png Fig. 2. A closed economy with an output subsidy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-small-importing-economy-with-an-output-subsidy-3hstzylx.png Fig. 1. A small importing economy with an output subsidy. https://scispace.com/papers/the-calculus-of-multivectors-on-noncommutative-jet-spaces-57kckrgib8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-elementary-displacements-x-1-in-a-tiling-ofmn-2mald5pv.png Fig. 4. The elementary displacements x⃗±1 in a tiling ofMn versus the gauge connection fields φ over the space–timeMn; the canonical duality of diagonal variations for the opposite-parity halves of the alphabet versus the opposite-parity field–antifield and ghost–antighost pairs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-letters-a1-are-not-separated-by-the-letters-a2-rwcdrpn1.png Fig. 2. The letters a1 are (not) separated by the letters a2 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-cyclic-shift-invariance-of-derivations-2d75usqb.png Fig. 1. The cyclic-shift invariance of derivations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-fragment-of-cell-complex-tiling-a-and-its-adjacency-f2t9zk51.png Fig. 3. A fragment of cell-complex tiling (a) and its adjacency graph (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-on-the-diagonal-reconfiguration-of-couplings-is-2r74hlj0.png Fig. 5. The on-the-diagonal reconfiguration of couplings is the operational definition of BV Laplacian ∆; the variations are normalised by (14). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-there-remains-only-one-cyclic-word-within-the-minimal-2y6waon2.png Fig. 6. There remains only one cyclic word within the minimal scheme )( yet there appears a product of two cyclic (sub)words if the scheme ≍ is adopted. https://scispace.com/papers/the-campo-de-calatrava-volcanic-field-central-spain-fluid-2inh6q9nl1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-conceptual-model-of-fluid-circulation-in-the-ccvf-the-29sofb8u.png Fig. 10. Conceptual model of fluid circulation in the CCVF. The stratigraphic sequence reported on the left-hand side of the figure is reconstructed after the Bolaños gas blast occurred in 2011. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-location-of-the-trans-moroccan-western-mediterranean-1ekxe0pr.png Fig. 1. a) Location of the Trans-Moroccan, Western Mediterranean, European Fault Zone (TMWMEFZ, López Ruiz et al., 2002), the Campo de Calatrava Volcanic Field (CCVF), and the Western Mediterranean European Block (WMEB); b) Schematic geological map of the Iberian Peninsula and c) Map of the Calatrava Volcanic Field with the locations of sampled waters (by © National Geographic Institute: IGN; http://www.ign.es/wms-inspire/pnoa-ma). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-trace-element-concentrations-in-mg-l-in-selected-1kxyp3m7.png Table 2 –Trace element concentrations (in μg/L) in selected waters from CCVF. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-chemical-and-isotopic-composition-for-the-ccvf-18dxcc26.png Table 3 Chemical and isotopic composition for the CCVF dissolved gases. The gas concentrations are in mmol/L. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-n2-100-ar-10-he-triangular-diagram-for-the-free-red-78fl9wfd.png Fig. 9. N2/100-Ar-10*He triangular diagram for the free (red diamond) and dissolved (yellow diamond) gases from CCVF. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-binary-diagram-of-87sr-86sr-isotopic-ratio-vs-hco3-2cmsu6z8.png Fig. 8. Binary diagram of 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratio vs. HCO3/(HCO3+SO4) ratio. The strontium isotopic interval for the CCVF basalts (Ancochea and Moro, 1981), the Triassic Keuper facies (Ortì at al., 2014), and the Paleozoic rocks (Benito et al., 1999) are reported for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-selected-photos-of-some-of-the-gas-and-thermal-1tkkddrv.png Fig. 2. Selected photos of some of the gas and thermal discharges from the CCVF and the respective I.D. as reported in Tables 1–4: a) La Sima; b) Cañada Real; c) Javalon; d) Fuente Gallega; e) El Chorillo; f) El Baño Chico; g) Los Baños de Villa Franca; h) Balneares Cervantes; i) Baño del Trujillo. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dd-vs-d18o-binary-diagrams-for-the-ccvf-waters-global-13rxtoro.png Fig. 5. δD vs. δ18O binary diagrams for the CCVF waters. Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL) by Craig (1961); s is the slope at different relative humidities calculated according to Gonfiantini (1986). https://scispace.com/papers/the-canadian-elder-standard-pricing-the-cost-of-basic-needs-47bdkii29t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2001-ces-for-halifax-39waux3x.png Table 3: 2001 CES for Halifax https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2001-ces-for-montreal-1xc2z3jf.png Table 4: 2001 CES for Montreal https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-for-home-based-long-term-care-assistance-for-3199u18t.png Table 2: Results for home-based long-term-care assistance for people over age 55 needing two levels of care – low and high. (Source: Statistics Canada, 2001 PALS, and authors’ own calculations) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-after-tax-lico-and-lim-for-an-adult-single-and-an-1b1wp2cy.png Table 8: After tax LICO and LIM (for an Adult Single and an Adult Couple) and the Maximum Average OAS And GIS Benefi t Rates for 2001. The LICO is given for Two Differently Populated Urban Areas. Source: Statistics Canada (2004a) and HRSDC website. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-the-2001-mbm-and-sarlos-1997-basic-needs-poverty-1bc2k7cx.png Table 9: The 2001 MBM and Sarlo’s 1997 Basic Needs Poverty Line Projected to 2001. Source: HRSDC (2006) and Sarlo ( 2001 ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-2001-ces-for-vancouver-1olaz4fu.png Table 7: 2001 CES for Vancouver https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2001-canadian-elder-standard-for-two-scenarios-3602rsgu.png Table 1: 2001 Canadian Elder Standard for two scenarios https://scispace.com/papers/the-capacitated-vehicle-routing-problem-stronger-bounds-in-upvvu84bs4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hierarchy-of-cvrp-formulations-1tgi8otg.png Figure 1: Hierarchy of CVRP formulations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-percentage-ratios-for-five-relaxations-that-18kfvilx.png Table 2: Average percentage ratios for five relaxations that can be solved in pseudo-polynomial time. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variables-and-constraints-involved-in-the-first-five-12vz9pm7.png Table 1: Variables and constraints involved in the first five relaxations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-percentage-ratios-with-exact-separation-of-1kx7phzn.png Table 4: Average percentage ratios with exact separation of RC inequalities. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-times-in-seconds-with-exact-separation-of-rc-1da7ah8n.png Table 5: Average times (in seconds) with exact separation of RC inequalities. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-times-in-seconds-for-five-relaxations-that-87es8jo4.png Table 3: Average times (in seconds) for five relaxations that can be solved in pseudo-polynomial time. https://scispace.com/papers/the-career-progression-of-women-in-state-government-agencies-3qb9lnj6cc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-work-family-utilization-1atfz9i4.png Table III. Work/family utilization https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-regression-model-1mvk8dus.png Table VI. Regression model https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-policy-formulated-practice-implemented-and-11hacejs.png Table V. Policy formulated, practice implemented and utilization https://scispace.com/papers/the-case-against-specialized-visual-spatial-short-term-3zzid16l6z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-hedges-g-weighted-by-the-sample-size-for-2y0bag2n.png Figure 3. Mean Hedges G, weighted by the sample size, for comparisons involving auditory, verbal, or visual secondary tasks that varied by whether they required a non-repetitive decision or response. Error bars are 95% credible intervals. N=748. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effects-of-selective-interference-to-the-application-2yjs3k1w.png Table 1. Effects of selective interference to the application of mnemonic strategies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-patients-with-apparent-visual-or-spatial-short-term-1ftoy7px.png Table 2. Patients with apparent visual or spatial short-term memory deficits https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-violin-plots-depicting-the-distributions-of-hedges-35b1f8r9.png Figure 2. Violin plots depicting the distributions of Hedges G effect size values calculated on the difference between single-task and dual-task performance on visual memory tasks, organized by the domain of the secondary task. 2a includes all 862 observations meeting all criteria. 2b is restricted to observations with retention intervals of at least 1000 ms. 2c is additionally restricted to observations where the visual memory task set size was no more than 3. Regions marked in purple are the 95% credible intervals surrounding the mean effect size, weighted by the sample size of each point. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dual-task-costs-for-arrays-of-two-left-or-three-1xok6vc0.png Figure 1. Dual-task costs for arrays of two (left) or three (right) visual items in Experiments 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b of Morey, et al., 2013. Left panel N=49, right panel N=26. Black parameters are for trials in which the visual array was retro-cued for testing. Teal parameters indicate that no informative retro-cue was given. Open shapes depict trials in which visual arrays were presented before verbal lists, and in filled shapes visual arrays were presented after the verbal lists. Error bars are standard errors of the mean with the Morey-Cosineau (Morey, 2008) correction applied. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-studies-of-visual-short-term-memory-with-dual-task-taceyugd.png Table 3. Studies of visual short-term memory with dual-task manipulations coded for metaanalysis https://scispace.com/papers/the-case-for-automated-planning-in-autonomic-computing-1h3b1d4af7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-level-to-which-planning-problem-information-is-1lck4hls.png Table 1. The level to which planning problem information is expected to be available in AC scenarios. (-) means not assured. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-workflow-plan-to-install-bestsell-servlet-a-small-15v8cr4m.png Figure 1. A workflow plan to install BestSell servlet, a small part of the example bookstore application. Square represents basic/executable activities while oval represents structured activities (e.g., sequence). The arrows represent explicit synchronization dependencies between activities in the workflow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-set-of-exisiting-policies-and-the-policy-to-1rz3os4h.png Figure 2. The set of exisiting policies and the policy to validate in the example to manage policies. https://scispace.com/papers/the-case-for-managed-judges-learning-from-japan-after-the-4caszlzkh6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-appointments-to-the-supreme-court-1973-2003-selected-3hjw4iox.png Table 1: Appointments to the Supreme Court, 1973-2003: Selected Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-years-25-35-appointments-l67dny10.png Table 7: Years 25-35 Appointments https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-initial-appointment-to-the-tokyo-district-court-ecdr2y5h.png Table 4: Initial Appointment to the Tokyo District Court https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-lower-court-judges-appointed-in-1968-1978-1988-and-2yi07c29.png Table 3: Lower Court Judges Appointed in 1968, 1978, 1988, and 1998: Selected Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-years-5-15-appointments-28jx3lht.png Table 5: Years 5-15 Appointments https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-alternating-parties-theory-3amrj6mb.png Table 8: The Alternating Parties Theory https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-years-15-25-appointments-2ekc4af5.png Table 6: Years 15-25 Appointments https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-appointments-to-the-supreme-court-1983-2005-1tostk7y.png Table 2: Appointments to the Supreme Court, 1983-2005 https://scispace.com/papers/the-case-for-in-situ-resource-utilisation-for-oxygen-1gk3ktq76u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-evolution-of-the-ratio-of-different-1vdr1fix.png Figure 3. Time evolution of the ratio of different characteristic temperatures on a DC pulsed discharge at p=5Torr, I=50mA, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-logarithm-of-the-normalised-populations-of-the-25d73tdx.png Figure 2. Logarithm of the normalised populations of the first level of the symmetric stretching, bending and asymmetric stretching modes, for a DC pulsed discharge at p=5Torr, I=50mA, t 5D = ms: on (—) Mars; on (– –) Earth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-evolution-of-the-gas-and-the-t3-characteristic-u3zn7wi2.png Figure 1. Time evolution of the gas ( ) and the T3 characteristic temperature for a DC pulsed discharge at p=5Torr, I=50mA, t 5D = ms: (—) Earth; (– –) Mars; (L) the same as ‘Mars,’ but with n 5.5 10e 9= ´ cm −3; ( ) Earth without V-V up-pumping; ( ) Mars without V-V up-pumping. https://scispace.com/papers/the-case-of-missing-foreign-investment-in-the-southern-2vf60o2e1j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-regression-models-of-fdi-stock-stock-market-37ttf1r2.png Table A.1. Regression Models of FDI Stock & Stock Market Capitalisation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-share-of-southern-mediterranean-in-world-fdi-8qg2123f.png Figure 1. Share of Southern Mediterranean in World FDI https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fdi-gdp-ratio-in-southern-mediterranean-18nbwb83.png Figure 2. FDI/GDP Ratio in Southern Mediterranean https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regional-composition-of-fdi-inflows-per-cent-340vaxn6.png Table 5. Regional Composition of FDI Inflows (per cent) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-predicted-and-actual-stock-market-capitalisation-141fkjfy.png Figure 6. Predicted and Actual Stock Market Capitalisation https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-sectoral-composition-of-fdi-inflows-per-cent-t1lmbmd6.png Table 6. Sectoral Composition of FDI Inflows (per cent) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-foreign-exchange-restrictions-16hex0ql.png Table 10. Foreign Exchange Restrictions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-global-foreign-direct-investment-boom-million-3g4pa7ow.png Table 3. Global Foreign Direct Investment Boom ($ million) https://scispace.com/papers/the-casino-model-of-internationalization-an-alternative-1kbxroy28f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-profiles-of-establishments-with-countries-ranked-2btdv2k6.png Figure 1 Profiles of establishments with countries ranked according to psychic distance from Sweden (Johanson and Wiedersheim-Paul, 1975). Reprinted by permission. https://scispace.com/papers/the-catalytic-mitsunobu-reaction-a-critical-analysis-of-the-g60rpcedrg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rme-values-for-the-stoichiometric-mitsunobu-39jfmfp6.png Figure 1. RME values for the stoichiometric Mitsunobu procedure, the Toy procedure (Scheme 3), the Taniguchi procedure (Scheme 5) and the Aldrich procedure (Scheme 8) contrasted with RME values for established esterification, N-alkylation and O-alkylation methods. https://scispace.com/papers/the-catalysis-of-carbon-dioxide-hydration-by-acetate-ion-10kgk9x03n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rate-constants-for-the-hydration-of-co2-as-a-aduax8ji.png Table 2 Rate constants for the hydration of CO2 as a function of acetate concentration, brine concentration and temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-experimental-and-calculated-half-wave-22gz82tv.png Table 1 Comparison of experimental and calculated half wave potentials and limiting current densities for the three solutions A, B and C. E1/2 are calculated from the Nernst equation. The limiting currents at a temperature of 333 K are calculated using concentrations estimated by PHREEQC 2.2 and equation (8) using .scm10x3.2,scm10x6.13 125125 https://scispace.com/papers/the-catch-survey-analysis-csa-method-of-fish-stock-3nu00skt9h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-trajectory-of-the-true-value-of-the-catchability-1czeqco3.png Fig. 1. Time trajectory of the true value of the catchability ratio s between the simulated indices. Solid line: base selection pattern; dashed line: alternative selection pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-true-values-of-selected-state-variables-x84bjwr0.png Table 4. True values of selected state variables. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plots-of-standardised-residuals-against-time-assuming-2n9bnsgk.png Fig. 5. Plots of standardised residuals against time assuming a mixed error structure with λε= 1. Top: observation residuals on fully recruited; middle: observation residuals on recruits; bottom: process error residuals. Open circles: using the true annual catchability ratios; solid line: assuming s= 0.09; dashed line: same with a catchability trend; dotted line: assuming s= 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-csa-estimates-of-biomass-top-and-recruitment-bottom-1au8d4oe.png Fig. 8. CSA estimates of biomass (top) and recruitment (bottom) when recruits comprise ages 1 and 2 and the fully recruited are ages 3+. Solid circles are the true values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-specifications-of-the-age-structured-population-and-qy2m78ls.png Table 2. Specifications of the age-structured population and fishery simulation used to generate the CSA input data (the notation 'n*value' means that the value applies to the next n ages). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimates-of-fully-recruited-catchability-and-2m4bh3ek.png Table 1. Estimates of fully-recruited catchability and diagnostics for various combinations of input parameters (top panel) considered in the sensitivity analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-retrospective-analysis-of-csa-estimates-of-biomass-top-10e38gm5.png Fig. 7. Retrospective analysis of CSA estimates of biomass (top) and recruitment (bottom) when indices are subject to a catchability trend (s= 0.09; mixed error structure). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-csa-estimates-of-biomass-top-and-recruitment-bottom-7ftmith6.png Fig. 4. CSA estimates of biomass (top) and recruitment (bottom) when indices are subject to a catchability trend of 3% per annum in years 10-25. Solid line: assuming a mixed error structure with λε= 1; dashed line: assuming observation error only; solid circles: true values. https://scispace.com/papers/the-cauldron-has-cooled-down-a-systematic-literature-review-5dhkt0kssh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-13t1uwu1.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-results-illustrating-the-individual-spectrum-score-2zu0mfg7.png Figure 1. Results illustrating the individual “Spectrum score” (left y-axis and blue bars) with a mean of 14.5 (SD = 5.8) – illustrated by the green bar – and the individual “Conclusion score” (right y-axis and orange line) with a mean of 5.8 (SD = 1.2) – illustrated by the green dot – of all 26 included studies (xaxis) investigating the effect of ghost games on home advantage (HA) in football. Peer-reviewed studies are marked with an asterisk. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-listing-of-key-findings-from-the-included-studies-on-qbmm9w8m.png Table 2 Listing of key findings from the included studies on the relationship between ghost games and home advantage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-results-illustrating-the-individual-spectrum-score-2ehct549.png Figure 2. Results illustrating the individual “Spectrum score” (left y-axis and blue bars) with a mean of 17.6 (SD = 3.1) – illustrated by the green bar – and the individual “Conclusion score” (right y-axis and orange line) with a mean of 5.7 (SD = 1.3) – illustrated by the green dot – of 13 both peer-reviewed and multi-leagues studies (x-axis) investigating the effect of ghost games on home advantage (HA) in football. Peer-reviewed studies are marked with an asterisk. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-illustrate-the-number-of-attributions-for-mx0u1eta.png Figure 3. Results illustrate the number of attributions for changes of home advantage during ghost games from the 26 included studies. References to the studies and page numbers - where the respective attributions can be found - are listed at the bottom of each box. Peer-reviewed studies are marked with an asterisk. https://scispace.com/papers/the-causal-effect-between-carbon-dioxide-emissions-and-4ma6n7kbkb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-roots-of-characteristic-polynomial-3fi9wroc.png Fig. 2. Roots of Characteristic Polynomial https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-analysis-kq3qketg.png Table 1. Descriptive Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-response-of-lco2-to-cholesky-one-s-d-innovations-in-23vyfljy.png Fig. 6. Response of LCO2 to Cholesky One S.D. Innovations in other Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-johansen-method-of-co-integration-kk0i3vly.png Table 5. Johansen Method of Co-integration https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-ardl-regression-analysis-897fd2s9.png Table 10. ARDL Regression Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-lag-selection-criteria-1pvob0p1.png Table 4. Lag Selection Criteria https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-diagnostic-tests-for-vecm-246ztxjd.png Table 7. Diagnostic Tests for VECM https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-ardl-diagnostic-test-hpv8k2w1.png Table 11. ARDL Diagnostic Test https://scispace.com/papers/the-causal-relationship-between-remittance-and-poverty-in-3zwbhvq9wo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ardl-bound-test-to-cointegration-results-for-model-1-1povk85v.png Table 2: ARDL Bound Test to Cointegration Results for Model 1 and 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-granger-causality-results-2kaxd8cn.png Table 4: Summary of Granger-Causality Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-unit-root-test-results-ki0ti2ra.png Table 1: Unit Root Test Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ecm-based-causality-results-1yqzz65b.png Table 3: ECM-Based Causality Results https://scispace.com/papers/the-causal-effect-of-paternal-unemployment-on-children-s-2siuuis7mj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-robustness-test-personality-traits-obtained-via-2v2kset0.png Table A.2: Robustness test - personality traits obtained via confirmatory factor analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-robustness-test-inverse-probability-weighting-and-3ezr6l55.png Table A.3: Robustness test - Inverse Probability Weighting and Entropy Balancing https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-heterogeneous-effects-by-gender-of-the-child-da0hbtht.png Table 5: Heterogeneous effects by gender of the child https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-number-of-observations-893-1l27e4gw.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics - Number of Observations: 893 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-heterogeneous-effects-by-maternal-employment-at-81k6jw8e.png Table 6: Heterogeneous effects by maternal employment at baseline https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-of-selected-father-controls-at-baseline-by-3loik82b.png Table 2: Mean of selected father controls at baseline - by paternal unemployment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-personality-traits-at-baseline-and-1xh4dmga.png Figure 1: Distribution of personality traits at baseline and follow-up https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-soep-personality-questionnaire-36yd4arl.png Table A.1: SOEP personality questionnaire https://scispace.com/papers/the-cell-clinic-closable-microvials-for-single-cell-studies-3r03u6ilhw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-real-part-of-the-impedance-as-measured-on-three-1nbkdsfi.png Figure 7 The real part of the impedance as measured on three aqueous NaCl solutions (0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.3 M) at frequencies of 100 Hz to 50 kHz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-schematic-processing-scheme-for-fabricating-the-1nv184d3.png Figure 2 A schematic processing scheme for fabricating the microvials of the second generation. (1.) Deposition and patterning of Cr and Au adhesion layer. (2) Evaporation of the structural Au layer. (3) Etching of the Au electrodes and part of the wires. (4) Deposition and patterning of the SU-8 for the lid and microvials. (5) Electropolymerisation of the PPy. (6) Final Au and Cr etch to free the lids and pattern the rest of the wires with the contact pads. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-two-microvials-made-on-a-glass-substrate-d263-with-2zfvrkap.png Figure 5 Two microvials made on a glass substrate (D263) with 10 m deep etched vials (100 m by 100 m). The top vial was loaded with a 100 m diameter glass bead. (a) Opened and (b) closed. As the glass bead was too large for the vial the lid could not close the vial. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-two-pictures-of-four-cell-clinics-of-the-second-ipmogxk2.png Figure 6 Two pictures of four cell clinics of the second design, (a) opened and (b) closed. The microvials were defined in a 20 m thick layer of thick film photoresist (SU-8) on a glass substrate, making the device transparent and therefore accessible for microscopy. The contours of the microvials are difficult to distinguish therefore the contour of the second microvial is marked with a black line. The electrodes and contact wires are clearly visible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-photos-of-three-opened-cell-clinics-at-different-3txgccb7.png Figure 8 Photos of three opened cell clinics at different stages of the experiments. The impedance data is from the centre microvial. (A.) At t= 1h with freshly seeded frog melanophores (Xenopus laevis melanophores). The cells are still round and sediment down on to the substrate and into the vials. (B.) The same cell clinics at t=3.5 h, the melanophores have nicely spread out both on the substrate and in the cell clinics covering most of the electrode area. (C.). At t=6 h, after adding latrunculin the pigment corns have aggregated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-impedance-plot-of-both-the-real-r-unbroken-line-8k124h5h.png Figure 9 The impedance plot of both the real (R, unbroken line) and the imaginary (X, dotted line) part in the cell experiment. At t=1h the melanophores were added, at t=3.5h extra CCFM was added, and t=4.5 h Latrunculin was added. (A.) f=205 Hz (B.) f=10 kHz . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-drawing-of-the-second-generation-cell-145nlpaa.png Figure 1 A schematic drawing of the second generation cell clinic. It consisted of a microvial (100 m by 100 m wide and 20 m deep) defined in a layer of SU-8 that can be closed with a lid (green/yellow) activated by two PPy hinges (purple/yellow). On the bottom of the clinic, sensors have been placed, in this case two Au electrodes for impedance measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-cyclic-voltammogram-of-the-tenth-scan-of-the-17po99ri.png Figure 3 The cyclic voltammogram of the tenth scan of the PPy 40 microactuators that form the hinges of the microvials. The microactuators were activated in the cell culture medium CCFM with a Au probe as the CE and a Ag wire as the quasi RE at a scan rate of 100mV/s. https://scispace.com/papers/the-challenge-of-integrating-non-continuous-processes-milk-ehoplwlmlr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-semi-continuous-operation-of-dryer-b-left-and-a-1vt0ge27.png Figure 3. Semi-continuous operation of Dryer B (left) and a representative operating schedule (right) indicating the four operating conditions of the factory. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stream-data-for-potential-streams-for-inclusion-in-gr55kx7e.png Table 1. Stream data for potential streams for inclusion in the heat recovery loop. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-milk-production-during-the-year-13lqfdos.png Figure 1. Milk production during the year. https://scispace.com/papers/the-challenge-of-representative-design-in-psychology-and-54wh4wff7h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representativeness-of-experiments-by-participants-2hqk9su3.png Figure 1 -- Representativeness of experiments: By participants https://scispace.com/papers/the-challenge-of-measuring-performance-2us3ubepm8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-2-continued-2e4wcu1d.png Table 9.2 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-percentage-of-business-establishments-aware-of-dcq190m4.png Figure 2.1 Percentage of Business Establishments Aware of, Using, and Satisfied with One-Stops https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-4-summary-of-estimated-relative-effects-in-the-ita-11ciwuxo.png Table 11.4 Summary of Estimated Relative Effects in the ITA Experiment https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-1-estimated-effects-of-wia-and-related-programs-on-b7lg92b5.png Table 11.1 Estimated Effects of WIA and Related Programs on Earnings and Employment of Disadvantaged Adults https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-factors-determining-effects-of-customized-2r39a5us.png Figure 4.2 Factors Determining Effects of Customized Training on Employers https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-1-summary-estimates-of-program-impacts-quarters-11-2suxy4h7.png Table 13.1 Summary Estimates of Program Impacts, Quarters 11–16 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-2-continued-3r7b4ed5.png Table 9.2 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-3-example-of-adjustment-procedure-for-wia-adult-22y6ndng.png Table 9.3 Example of Adjustment Procedure for WIA Adult Program https://scispace.com/papers/the-challenge-of-rna-branching-prediction-a-parametric-8bqyw2m2vf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-per-sequence-improvements-for-trna-and-5s-rrna-test-2kxh37g9.png Figure 1: Per sequence improvements for tRNA and 5S rRNA test sets. Initial (Turner99) average accuracies are 0.52 (0.30) and 0.63 (0.24), resp. Most can be improved, by 0.39 (0.27) and 0.18 (0.21) on average, yielding maximum possible averages of 0.91 (0.10) for tRNA and 0.81 (0.09) for 5S rRNA. Differences within families have high statistical significance (p < 0.0002). Between family differences in initial accuracies are weakly significant (p = 0.0372) but maximum ones are not (p = 0.0701). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-improved-parameters-from-branching-polytopes-frykp3r8.png Table 2: Improved parameters from branching polytopes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-multiloop-initiation-parameters-over-time-3gofpp4p.png Table 1: Multiloop initiation parameters over time. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-robustness-of-trna-prediction-within-error-r-1pyxh5n0.png Table 6: Robustness of tRNA prediction within error r. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-a-b-c-stability-for-trna-and-5s-rrna-1m0su5xg.png Table 4: (a, b, c) stability for tRNA and 5S rRNA https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-robustness-of-5s-rrna-prediction-within-error-r-3qszr07y.png Table 7: Robustness of 5S rRNA prediction within error r. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-stability-percentage-for-a-c-under-1-rounding-error-394mvx8d.png Table 5: Stability percentage for (a, c) under .1 rounding error https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-average-d-1-bounded-region-dimensions-in-a-b-c-2aqqyt30.png Table 10: Average d = 1 bounded region dimensions in (a, b, c) https://scispace.com/papers/the-challenges-of-designing-and-implementing-effective-2a8kxqgyqg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-uni-pi-participants-and-student-fci-and-2ka9natc.png TABLE 1. Summary of UNI-PI Participants’ and Student FCI and TUG-K Results https://scispace.com/papers/the-challenges-faced-in-developing-novel-drug-radiation-2pt67b2efb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-outline-of-the-planned-phase-ii-multi-arm-study-of-23bli27e.png Figure 2: Outline of the planned phase II multi-arm study of immunomodulatory agents in combination with radiotherapy for patients with stage IV NSCLC https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hallmarks-of-cancer-and-potential-mechanisms-to-394a5iqf.png Table 1: Hallmarks of cancer and potential mechanisms to enhance effect of radiotherapy (adapted from Hanahan and Weinberg [17]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-outline-of-a-the-planned-phase-i-multi-arm-drug-1uqi0wqa.png Figure 1: Outline of a the planned phase I multi-arm drug dose escalation study of molecularly targeted agents in combination with radical radiotherapy for patients with stage III NSCLC https://scispace.com/papers/the-chance-for-ada-to-support-distribution-and-real-time-in-47vd1yj4yn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simple-example-using-rt-glade-4upbvggp.png Fig. 2 Simple example using RT-GLADE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-architecture-of-an-example-application-1i3de0zs.png Fig. 3 Architecture of an example application https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-different-priority-schemes-yh86uwak.png Table 1. Comparison of the different priority schemes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-priority-schemes-in-glade-and-rt-glade-1khxe7az.png Fig. 1 Priority Schemes in GLADE and RT-GLADE https://scispace.com/papers/the-change-p82l-in-the-rift-valley-fever-virus-nss-protein-4wxgmtawsa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-analysis-of-the-in-vivo-pathogenicity-of-the-rzh548-1gjmntiq.png Figure 1. Analysis of the in vivo pathogenicity of the rZH548-P82L mutant viruses in BALB/c mice. 9–18-week-old male mice (n = 5–7, equally distributed) were inoculated IP with 500 plaque-forming units (pfus) of the indicated viruses and both rZH548-P82L clones, 2B7 and 3VB5. Wild-type rZH548 (red) and rZH548∆NSs::GFP (labeled as, rZH∆NSs/GFP, green) viruses were included as controls for virulence and attenuation, respectively. Animals were monitored up to 18 days. (A) Survival rates and (B–E) morbidity upon challenge with the indicated viruses. The graph represents the clinical status of each mouse: D (dead/euthanized): black bars; S (signs-sick), hatched bars; H (healthy), grey bars. The animal within the group rZH548∆NSs::GFP euthanized at day 4 pi was excluded from the survival analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-viremia-and-seroconversion-after-inoculation-with-887oqflw.png Figure 2. Viremia and seroconversion after inoculation with the rZH548-P82L mutant viruses. (A) Viremia. RT-qPCR on EDTA blood samples collected at day 3 pi. Samples giving a Cq (quantification cycle) value under the detection level of the assay (37) are arbitrarily represented as 45 and were excluded from the statistical analysis. The correlation of Cq data with pfu equivalents is indicated in the right Y axis. (B) Antibody responses in survivor mice at day 18 pi. Titers are expressed as the dilution of serum (log10) rendering a reduction in infectivity of 50% in a microneutralization assay (left Y-axis; closed symbols), and last dilution of serum (log10) giving an OD reading at 450 nm over 1.0 in anti-N ELISA (right Y-axis; open symbols). Each symbol corresponds to an individual mouse. For neutralization, only n = 3 samples were available for rZH548∆NSs::GFP and 2B7. * p≤ 0.05, ** p≤ 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-degradation-of-protein-kinase-r-pkr-and-p62-in-38wtk3cn.png Figure 5. Degradation of protein kinase R (PKR) and p62 in rZH548-P82L infected cells. HEK293T cells were infected at a MOI of 1 with the indicated viruses. Cells were harvested at 20 hpi and analyzed by Western blot using anti-PKR (B-10), anti-p62 (H10) mouse monoclonal antibodies, anti RVFV-N mAb 2B1 and anti-actin antibody as primary antibodies. Samples loaded correspond to 106 cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-localization-and-filament-formation-of-wt-and-2wp21j87.png Figure 3. Localization and filament formation of wt and mutant NSs proteins. Vero cells were infected with rZH548 and the two rZH548-P82L mutants at a MOI of 1. At 6 (panel A) and 24 (panel B) hours pi, cells were fixed and subjected to indirect immunofluorescence with the anti-NSs monoclonal antibody 5C3A1B2. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. For each virus and time pi, 2 images with different magnification are shown as indicated. AS denotes Zeiss Airyscan 2D superresolution mode. Red arrows in panel A point to cells infected with the rZH548-P82L viruses where nuclear filaments could be detected. Scale bars: 20 µM (upper panel B), 10 µM (upper panel A and lower panel B); 5 µM (lower panel A). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-growth-of-rzh548-p82l-mutants-on-hek293t-cells-and-2g0olj89.png Figure 4. Growth of rZH548-P82L mutants on HEK293T cells and IFN-β production. HEK293T cells were infected at a MOI of 0.05 with the indicated viruses. At 24, 48 and 72 hpi, supernatants were collected and titrated on Vero cells (panel A) and analyzed for IFN-β production by ELISA (panel B). The limit of detection of this ELISA was established at 50 pg/mL (see Materials and Methods). The sample corresponding to rZH548 at 72 hpi was not analyzed in ELISA. https://scispace.com/papers/the-changing-face-of-public-sector-employment-1999-2009-4j782lo4t6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-median-gross-weekly-earnings-for-full-time-3584saub.png Figure 6 Median gross weekly earnings for full-time employees 1999–2009 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-proportions-employed-within-the-public-and-private-hjebe7ws.png Table 9 Proportions employed within the public and private sectors: by full and part-time status1,2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-changing-landscape-of-childhood-tuberculosis-in-the-126uye4lb6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-30hlo7p4.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-23xbs90s.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3n1f1ggt.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-changing-nature-of-wage-inequality-1w7xkbcsos 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-50-10-gap-for-women-vs-minimum-wage-z487rciy.png Figure 5: 50-10 Gap for Women vs. Minimum Wage https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-measures-of-wage-inequality-2fjaaybt.png Table 1: Summary Measures of Wage Inequality https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-union-effect-by-wage-percentile-men-3r2dhqmr.png Figure 6: Union Effect by Wage Percentile, Men https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-relative-wage-change-by-two-digit-occupation-1983-3royz7kq.png Figure 8: Relative Wage Change by Two-Digit occupation, 1983-85 to 2000-02 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pay-for-performance-and-the-1976-79-to-1990-93-24lmpbjx.png Figure 7: Pay-for-Performance and the 1976-79 to 1990-93 Change in Real Wages by Percentile, Male Heads in the PSID https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-de-unionization-and-1988-2005-changes-in-male-wage-2w3i1g6x.png Table 2: De-unionization and 1988-2005 Changes in Male Wage Inequality https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-change-in-within-group-variance-by-two-digit-uy5pnl5b.png Figure 10: Change in Within-Group Variance by Two-Digit Occupation, 1983-85 to 2000-2002 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-change-in-the-fraction-in-the-top-5-percent-by-two-1i1ud2ob.png Figure 9: Change in the Fraction in the Top 5 percent by Two-Digit Occupation, 1983-85 to 2000-2002 https://scispace.com/papers/the-changing-role-of-ecohydrological-science-in-guiding-4ihvdxzt15 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-science-supporting-policies-science-blue-provides-3d47h48p.png Figure 1 Science supporting policies. Science (blue) provides inputs to all aspects of the policy cycle (brown). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-areas-of-science-covered-by-the-papers-in-this-prpdsybv.png Table 1. Areas of science covered by the papers in this Special Issue https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-trade-offs-in-reservoir-management-after-acreman-2st51nfl.png Figure 3 Trade-offs in reservoir management (after Acreman and McCartney, 2000) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-increase-in-cross-disciplinarity-in-environmental-30p5xlae.png Figure 2 Increase in cross-disciplinarity in environmental flows with time https://scispace.com/papers/the-changing-role-of-expectations-in-us-monetary-policy-a-4gsuwziqcj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-data-plots-semi-annual-data-over-the-span-1951-1-3pyzqxyu.png Figure 1: Data plots. Semi-annual data over the span 1951:1 - 2010:2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-diagnostic-analysis-for-randomly-selected-17knlvsc.png Figure 2: Diagnostic analysis for randomly selected parameters of the TVP-SVAR, based on 20,000 MCMC iterations. First row: Sample autocorrelation functions of draws. Second row: Trace plots. Third row: Posterior densities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impulse-responses-of-e-to-a-one-standard-deviation-17jt2ybj.png Figure 4: Impulse responses of e to a one standard deviation shock in r: LEFT panel: timevarying impulse responses over the span 1951:1 - 2010:2 at di erent horizons. RIGHT panel: Impulse responses at selected dates. Solid line: posterior median: Dashed lines: 16th and 84th percentiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-posterior-estimates-of-stochastic-volatility-sv-of-ztmpvf22.png Figure 3: Posterior estimates of stochastic volatility (SV) of sturctural shocks for e and : Solid line: Posterior median. Dashed lines: 16th and 84th percentiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-impulse-responses-of-e-to-a-one-standard-deviation-b7obmplq.png Figure 11: Impulse responses of e to a one standard deviation shock in at selected dates. Solid line: posterior median: Dashed lines: 16th and 84th percentiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-ordering-2-0-and-1-period-ahead-time-varying-1gt20gad.png Figure 12: Ordering 2: 0 and 1-period ahead time varying impulse responses of to a one standard deviation permanent shock in r. Dashed lines: 16th and 84th percentiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-impulse-responses-of-to-a-one-standard-deviation-1wd60rc0.png Figure 10: Impulse responses of to a one standard deviation shock in eat selected dates. Solid line: posterior median: Dashed lines: 16th and 84th percentiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparion-of-the-two-orderings-time-varying-impulse-1ih1xmwz.png Figure 9: Comparion of the two orderings. Time varying impulse responses of e and to a one standard deviation shock in r ( rst row). Responses at selected dates duing the Greenspan era. Solid line: posterior median: Dashed lines: 16th and 84th percentiles. https://scispace.com/papers/the-chemical-composition-of-two-supergiants-in-the-dwarf-43qdtocv6j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-differential-abundance-ratios-smc-3n8lkf1f.png Table 6. Differential Abundance Ratios (SMC) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-standard-lte-abundance-uncertainties-10ji8sxa.png Table 5. Standard LTE Abundance Uncertainties https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-atmospheric-parameter-selections-for-wlm-31-and-wlm-15-1iwhhv96.png Fig. 3.— Atmospheric parameter selections for WLM-31 and WLM-15 (solid circles with errorbars). Hγ fits (solid triangles), Mg I/Mg II (solid squares), and Fe I/Fe II(hollow squares) ionization equilibrium are used for both stars. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-n-i-7440-spectrum-synthesis-for-wlm-15-three-nitrogen-1i5453qt.png Fig. 7.— N I 7440 spectrum synthesis for WLM-15. Three nitrogen abundances are shown (NLTE); 12+log(N/H) = 7.5 (best fit, red line), = 7.8 (too strong, blue line), = 6.46 (the mean nebular abundance from HM95, green line). The iron abundance for λ7462 in the synthesis is from the value found from its equivalent width analysis (the λ7449 iron line is also marked, but not used). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-wlm-sample-1kdf0ev2.png Table 2. WLM Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-wlm-vlt-uves-observations-6txw0cav.png Table 1. WLM VLT UVES Observations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hg-profile-for-wlm-15-and-wlm-31-and-fits-from-675pbaw4.png Fig. 2.— Hγ profile for WLM-15 and WLM-31 and fits from different model atmospheres. The model with increased helium abundance and lower gravity is identical to the best fit model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-o-i6150-spectrum-synthesis-for-wlm-15-three-oxygen-2cd5llcw.png Fig. 6.— O I6150 spectrum synthesis for WLM-15. Three oxygen abundances are shown; 12+log(O/H) = 8.6 (best fit), = 8.9 (too strong), and = 7.77 (the nebular oxygen abundance). These are the LTE values; NLTE correction is −0.15 from Przybilla et al. (2000). The oxygen feature is clearly well defined, and not reproduced by the low nebular value. Iron abundances for λ6147 and λ6149 line syntheses are those from the equivalent widths analysis (Table 3). Spectra of two comparison stars are shown; from model atmospheres analysis, the oxygen abundance is the same in WLM-15 and NGC6822-cc, while that for SMC-AV463 is 0.2 dex lower (see text). https://scispace.com/papers/the-chapman-type-rearrangement-in-pseudosaccharins-the-case-4k2ongjagc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-chapman-type-rearrangement-of-mbid-the-atom-2cttjrs9.png Fig. 1. The Chapman-type rearrangement of MBID (the atom numbering schemes for MBID and MBIOD adopted throughout this paper are those presented in the figure). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-assignment-of-experimental-ir-spectra-of-matrix-3oixyix0.png Table 3 Assignment of experimental IR spectra of matrix-isolated (solid Xe, 20 K), polycrystalline and melted MBIOD in KBr pellet (500–4000 cm 1 spectral range) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-x-ray-data-collection-and-processing-39r0gdkj.png Table 1 Summary of X-ray data collection and processing parameters for MBID structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-calculated-reaction-paths-b3lyp-6-31-g-d-p-for-the-wjav9hnm.png Fig. 7. Calculated reaction paths [B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)] for the intermolecular rearrangement of MBID to MBIOD: (h) the first methyl group transfer in the sequential model; (j) the simultaneous transfer of two methyl groups. Relative energies (in kJ mol 1) of reactant, product and transition state species are given in brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-predicted-irc-reaction-path-b3lyp-6-31-g-3df-3pd-90kflh0d.png Fig. 5. The predicted IRC reaction path [B3LYP/6-31++G(3df,3pd)] for the intramolecular rearrangement of MBID to MBIOD. Optimized geometries for the substrate, product and the TS are shown, with the key bond lengths presented explicitly. The zero-point corrected energies relative to the substrate (in kJ mol 1) are given in brackets. The numbering of the relevant atoms is shown (bold). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-mbid-pair-arrangements-in-the-crystal-b-the-input-hezzmxqb.png Fig. 6. (a) MBID pair arrangements in the crystal, (b) the input structure used in the theoretical intermolecular rearrangement models and (c) the geometry of the model at the transition state after flattening of the structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-crystal-packing-of-mbid-1m8xn757.png Fig. 3. Crystal packing of MBID. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ortep-diagram-of-mbid-showing-the-displacement-ouoqbf2m.png Fig. 2. ORTEP diagram of MBID, showing the displacement ellipsoids drawn at the 50% probability level. https://scispace.com/papers/the-characterization-of-the-vnxhy-defects-in-diamond-through-1210qhrnx2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-b3lyp-6-21-total-energies-in-hartree-of-the-vnxhy-30t2hwqq.png TABLE II: B3LYP/6-21 total energies, in Hartree, of the VNxHy and of the corresponding VNx systems. EH, in eV, is the homolytic dehydrogenation and formation energies evaluated according to Equations 7. Data refer to the S64 supercell. B3LYP/6-21G total energies of the H2 and N2 molecules (obtained with the Crystal code) are -1.1687 Hartree and -109.3127 Hartree, respectively. If reference is done to the isolated H atom, rather than to the H2 molecule, EH should be increased by 2.38 eV per H atom. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-b3lyp-structural-and-mulliken-population-data-for-29dwgrcs.png TABLE I: B3LYP structural and Mulliken population data for the various VNxH z y defects, where the z superscript indicates the open-shell spin state (singlet, doublet and triplet). RCH and RHH are the shortest distances (in Å) between the indicated atoms, while BCH, BNH and BHH are the corresponding bond populations (in |e| units). Atomic quantities QX and µX are the net electronic and magnetic charges of atom X, respectively. C1 is (one of) the atom saturated by H. The N-H shortest distance is always around 1.94-1.95 Å, the only exception being VNH3 for which the distance shortens to 1.91 Å. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-b3lyp-simulated-infrared-spectra-of-seven-vnxhy-v6567i66.png FIG. 3: B3LYP simulated infrared spectra of seven VNxHy defects with x equal 1, or 2 or 3. In the VNH case, two uncoupled electrons remain on two of the carbon atoms around the vacancy, that can arrange in a high spin (triplet, indicated as t), or low spin (singlet, s) configurations. In both VN2H and VNH2 cases there is a single uncoupled electron, and then the state is a doublet (d). The bottom right spectrum is the one of the vacancy V in its singlet s state. Wavenumbers are computed at the harmonic level. Calculations refer to the S64 supercell. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-b3lyp-harmonic-top-and-anharmonic-bottom-wavenumbers-cz4ieryc.png FIG. 5: B3LYP harmonic (top) and anharmonic (bottom) wavenumbers for the C-H stretching mode(s) for the VNxHy defects. When more than one hydrogen atom is present there are two stretching modes (symmetric, at high wavenumber, and antisymmetric, at low wavenumber, and marked with an asterisk; in VNH3 two low wavenumber peaks are degenerate). The height of each bar is the simulated IR intensity (evaluated at the harmonic level). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-b3lyp-band-structures-of-the-open-shell-vnxhy-defects-9qf29xfo.png FIG. 2: B3LYP band structures of the open-shell VNxHy defects for the S64 supercells. The spin configuration is denoted by the supercript: singlet (s), doublet (d) and triplet (t). Continuous black lines represent α energy levels, whereas dotted red lines refer to β energy levels. The horizontal blue line marks the position of the Fermi energy level. The optical transition has been represented by the black arrow. https://scispace.com/papers/the-chase-family-of-detection-algorithms-for-multiple-input-48pbe4i7pc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-performance-complexity-trade-off-of-chase-3uxlxo29.png Fig. 3. The performance-complexity trade-off of Chase detectors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-performance-of-the-l-chase-and-b-chase-detectors-with-2ula2ix9.png Fig. 2. Performance of the L-Chase and B-Chase detectors with varying list lengths q, over 4 × 4 channels with 16-QAM inputs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-special-cases-of-the-chase-detector-1juaqr2e.png Table 1: Special cases of the Chase detector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-the-chase-detector-379zeeq6.png Fig. 1. Block diagram of the Chase detector. https://scispace.com/papers/the-chemical-table-an-open-dialog-between-visualization-and-2nbbhojulh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-contemporary-periodic-table-by-nist-1iimydg4.png Figure 4 Contemporary Periodic Table by NIST. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-janets-periodic-table-of-1927-2fvs7a18.png Figure 3 Janet’s periodic table of 1927. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mendeleevs-periodic-table-of-1869-2ulwkxbo.png Figure 2 Mendeleev’s periodic table of 1869. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-alexanders-periodic-model-3jslzsf9.png Figure 11 Alexander’s periodic model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-benfeys-spiral-table-of-1960-3dh1cqfo.png Figure 8 Benfey’s spiral table of 1960. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-crookes-pretzel-model-of-1888-c-science-museum-1ndrm4d1.png Figure 10 Crooke’s pretzel model of 1888. ©Science Museum, London. Used with permission. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-schaltenbrands-helices-of-1920-3auk9dm7.png Figure 9 Schaltenbrand’s helices of 1920. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bayley-thomsen-bohr-periodic-table-x38425ks.png Figure 5 Bayley-Thomsen-Bohr Periodic Table. https://scispace.com/papers/the-chemiionization-reactions-ce-o-and-ce-o2-assignment-of-4i84bse705 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-computed-spectroscopic-constants-for-the-ground-22mrn0st.png TABLE II _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Computed spectroscopic constants for the ground states of CeO and CeO . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spin-free-potential-energy-curves-for-the-ground-ydpjjs74.png FIGURE 1. Spin-free potential-energy curves for the ground states of CeO (black) and CeO (red). The solid and dotted lines correspond to Ce O(3P) and Ce O(1D) calculated dissociation limit, respectively. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at www.interscience.wiley.com.] https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-spin-orbit-vertical-excitation-energies-cm-1-for-307u7me8.png TABLE IV ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Spin-orbit vertical excitation energies (cm 1) for CeO and composition of each spin-state in terms of spin-free states. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-spin-free-vertical-excitation-energies-cm-1-for-1flgigjr.png TABLE III ____________________________________ Spin-free vertical excitation energies (cm 1) for CeO and the electronic configuration for each spin-free state. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-computed-spectroscopic-constants-for-the-ground-ndwa40xm.png TABLE V _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Computed spectroscopic constants for the ground state and the low-lying excited states of CeO , along with the vertical excitation energies evaluated at the equilibrium bond distance (1.776 Å). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-experimental-and-computed-reaction-enthalpies-ev-for-2seiny3u.png TABLE I ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Experimental and computed reaction enthalpies (eV) for possible reactions (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-enlarged-region-of-the-spin-free-potential-energy-3g6bhukp.png FIGURE 2. Enlarged region of the spin-free potential-energy curves for the ground states of CeO (thick black) and CeO (red) and a number of excited states of CeO in the region where the chemiionization reactions occur. The solid and dotted horizontal lines correspond to Ce O(3P) and Ce O(1D) calculated dissociation limits, respectively. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at www.interscience.wiley.com.] https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-spectroscopic-constants-for-the-ground-state-of-2u0fh0w4.png TABLE VII ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Spectroscopic constants for the ground state of CeO2 and CeO2 . https://scispace.com/papers/the-chemical-resistance-of-nano-sized-sic-rich-composite-1tyoid2g0f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2nwfh3e4.png Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-smoqsz7o.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2xa6whp6.png Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-27p061ah.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-vmkmqszr.png Fig. 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-figure-9-3w38nx8f.png Fig. 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7a-figure-7b-figure-7c-figure-7d-3e1h69r1.png Figure 7a Figure 7b Figure 7c Figure 7d https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2yl75pkz.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-chinese-economic-transformation-3wj2h44g4j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-13-the-opposing-tendencies-of-debt-ratios-in-listed-3cumnxz6.png Figure 3.13 The opposing tendencies of debt ratios in listed and unlisted firms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-4-impact-of-chinese-policies-1ceow94o.png Figure 11.4 Impact of Chinese policies https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-3-number-of-branches-starting-to-evaluate-sme-loans-3cs1okx7.png Table 10.3 Number of branches starting to evaluate SME loans, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-1-the-lower-bound-requirement-for-sme-loan-shares-15uacn6x.png Figure 10.1 The lower bound requirement for SME loan shares for reformed https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-2-provides-an-overview-of-the-20-ltcs-entered-into-3to9vssl.png Table 14.2 provides an overview of the 20 LTCs entered into by Chinese iron ore buyers in 2012. Chinese iron ore LTCs range from 0.5 to 20 Mt/a over three to 15  years. The available data on 20 LTCs entered into by Chinese importers (as at 2012) accounted for at least 64.9 to 95.1 Mt/a in 2012.4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-1-chinese-overseas-iron-ore-investment-2002-12-1mq55xcp.png Table 14.1 Chinese overseas iron ore investment, 2002–12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-1-potential-supply-increase-from-chinese-overseas-1t8xczoq.png Figure 14.1 Potential supply increase from Chinese overseas iron ore investments, 2002–18 (Mt/a) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-5-the-apparent-relationship-between-the-urban-rural-35bwdz8l.png Figure 5.5 The apparent relationship between the urban–rural income gap https://scispace.com/papers/the-chiral-quark-condensate-and-pion-decay-constant-in-qgkmdpbmlu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-color-online-the-ratio-between-the-in-medium-and-1beo5c3x.png Figure 8: (Color online.) The ratio between the in-medium and vacuum chiral quark condensate, 〈Ω|q̄q|Ω〉/〈0|q̄q|0〉, eq. (5.6), for neutron matter, left panel, and symmetric nuclear matter, right panel. Left panel: The (red) solid and (cyan) dot-dashed lines are our full results for 〈Ω|ūu|Ω〉 and 〈Ω|d̄d|Ω〉, respectively. The (black) dashed and (blue) dotted lines correspond in the same order to the linear density approximation (Ξ1) only. Right Panel: The (red) solid and (black) dashed lines are the full results (with g0 = −0.97 m2π) and the linear approximation, respectively. The (blue) dot-dashed line is the calculation for g0 = −0.5 m2π. All the curves shown employ σ = 45 MeV [22]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-leading-order-interaction-kernel-the-exchange-of-a-3bjp53qd.png Figure 3: Leading order interaction kernel: the exchange of a wiggly line between two nucleons indicates in the following the sum of the O(p0) local and the one-pion exchange contributions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-after-performing-the-integration-by-parts-in-eq-4-3-5b9lxl1o.png Figure 6: After performing the integration by parts in eq. (4.3) the derivative with respect to k01 acts onto the scattering amplitude. This gives a sum of derivatives acting on two-nucleon reducible loops, indicated by the crosses. When the derivative acts on a baryon propagator the latter becomes squared. In this way, the first diagram in the second row of the figure equals the one of the first row but with opposite sign and they cancel each other. The same applies to the second diagrams in both rows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-color-online-e-r-for-neutron-matter-left-panel-and-6gff9dux.png Figure 7: (Color online.) E/ρ for neutron matter (left panel) and for symmetric nuclear matter (right panel). The two (magenta) dotted lines correspond to ref. [36] and the solid ones are our calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-equivalence-between-diagram-3-and-the-crossed-3c5v2p9d.png Figure 4: The equivalence between diagram 3 and the crossed part of the one-pion exchange reduction of diagram 6 of fig. 1 is shown. The diagram in the middle is an intermediate step in the continuous transformation of the diagram on the left-hand-side to the one on the right-hand-side. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-contributions-to-the-in-medium-chiral-quark-21exdfeb.png Figure 1: Contributions to the in-medium chiral quark condensate up to NLO or O(p6). The scalar source with zero momentum is indicated by the wavy line and pions by the dashed ones. A wiggly line corresponds to the nucleon-nucleon interaction kernel (given in fig. 3) whose iteration is denoted by the ellipsis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-contributions-to-the-in-medium-pion-decay-up-to-nlo-1rko29qv.png Figure 9: Contributions to the in-medium pion decay up to NLO or O(p5). The axial vector current is indicated by the wavy line and pions by the dashed ones. A wiggly line corresponds to the nucleon-nucleon interaction kernel (given in fig. 3) whose iteration is denoted by the ellipsis. The diagram labelled π-WFR indicates the contribution from the wave function renormalization of the pion. Crossed diagrams are not shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-contribution-to-the-chiral-quark-condensate-with-a-2n1cig3q.png Figure 5: Contribution to the chiral quark condensate with a two-nucleon reducible loop. The scalar source couples outside the loop for diagram a) and inside it for diagram b). https://scispace.com/papers/the-ciliopathy-gene-ftm-rpgrip1l-controls-mouse-forebrain-33f3suggic 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hypothalamus-patterning-at-e13-5-a-schematic-23uqdiqu.png Figure 3. Hypothalamus patterning at E13.5. A, Schematic drawings of the E13.5 forebrain in sagittal (left) and coronal (right) views. The position of the coronal (B, C, F–I, L–O, R–U ) and sagittal (D, E, J, K, P, Q) sections shown below is indicated with dashed lines. Note that in the left diagram, anteroposterior and dorsoventral axes are indicated at the level of the hypothalamus. B–U, ISH with probes for Ebf1 (B–E), Nkx2.1 (F–K ), Dbx1 (L–Q), Pitx2 (R, S), and Wnt8b (T, U ) in coronal sections at different anteroposterior levels and in sagittal sections. The genotype (control or Ftm / ) is indicated on the left. Black and green arrowheads point to neuronal progenitors and neurons, respectively. In sagittal sections and in coronal sections in R–U, the brain is outlined with dotted lines. Ant, Anterior; AP, alar plate; BP, basal plate; FP, floor plate; MBO, mammillary body; Post, posterior; RP, roof plate; TEL, telencephalon. Scale bars: (in B for coronal sections, in D for sagittal sections), 0.5 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-diencephalon-and-hypothalamus-patterning-in-2wgipekv.png Figure 8. Diencephalon and hypothalamus patterning in compound [Ftm, Gli3 699] mutants. A, Schematic drawings of the E13.5 forebrain in sagittal view. The position of the coronal sections (H–P) shown below is indicated with dashed lines. B–G, Whole-mount ISH with probes for Shh (B–D) or Ngn2 (E–G) on sagittally-bisected brains viewed from the ventricular side. C, D, F, G, Black asterisks point to the absence of ventral forebrain. H–P, ISH on coronal sections with probe for Gbx2 (H–J), Pax6 (K–M), or Gad67 (N–P). The genotype of the embryo is indicated at the top. Ant, Anterior; AP, alar plate; BP, basal plate; FP, floor plate; RP, roof plate; Post, posterior; TEL: telencephalon. Scale bars: (in B for coronal sections, in H for whole-mount ISH), 0.5 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-schematics-of-forebrain-patterning-defects-in-ftm-2ezzxdrm.png Figure 11. Schematics of forebrain patterning defects in Ftm embryos and their link to perturbations of Gli activity. A, Schematic drawings of the forebrain of E13.5 control (left) and Ftm / (right) embryos. Shh expression domains are in red. B–D, Interpretive schematics of the GliA/GliR ratios (green) during ventral forebrain formation (B), alar diencephalon patterning (C), and optic vesicle patterning into optic stalk and optic cup (D) in control, Ftm / and [Ftm / , Gli3 ] embryos. B, From E8.0 onward, a high GliA/GliR ratio is required for the formation of the ventral forebrain. In Ftm / as well as in compound [Ftm / , Gli3 ] embryos, the reduction this ratio causes a strong reduction of the ventral forebrain. C, At later stages (E10.5–12.5), in the alar diencephalon, a high GliA/GliR ratio is required for TH-R formation, whereas a lower ratio is sufficient for PTH and TH-C formation. In Ftm / embryos the TH-R is lost but the ratio is sufficient for PTH and TH-C formation. D, From E9.0 onward, in the optic vesicle, optic stalk formation requires a high GliA/GliR ratio, while the optic cup requires that only GliR is present. Low levels of GliA are sufficient for optic stalk formation in Ftm / embryos. In contrast, the optic cup is not formed because of the reduction of GliR levels. In compound [Ftm / , Gli3 ] embryos, the optic cup is rescued and the optic stalk is reduced (the eyes are closer to one another) because of the reintroduction of Gli3R. A, Anterior; AP, alar plate; BP, basal plate; D, dorsal; FP, floor plate; P, posterior; PO, preoptic area; RP, roof plate; TEL, telencephalon; V, ventral. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-wnt-catenin-pathway-activity-in-the-forebrain-of-2oy39xq9.png Figure 9. Wnt/ -catenin pathway activity in the forebrain of Ftm mutants. ISH with probes for Axin2 (A, B, G, H, K, L), Wnt3a (C, D, I, J), and Wnt7b (E, F) on coronal sections of E11.5 (A–F), E10.5 (G–J), and E13.5 (K, L) embryos at the level of the forebrain. The genotype is indicated on the left of the Figure. The dotted lines indicate the position of the ZLI. Scale bars: (in A) A–F, (in G) G–J, (in K) K, L, 0.5 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-progenitor-domains-at-e12-5-e13-5-a-schematic-2989q0rh.png Figure 4. Progenitor domains at E12.5-E13.5. A, Schematic drawings of the E13.5 forebrain in sagittal view. The position of the coronal sections (D–I, L–Q) shown below is indicated with dashed lines. B–U, ISH with probes for Ngn2 (B–I, R, S) and Mash1 (J–Q, T, U ) in whole-mount hybridization on sagittally-bisected brains viewed from the ventricular side (B, C, J, K ) or on coronal sections at different anteroposterior levels (D–I, L–Q, R–U ). The genotype is indicated on the left. V, W, Shh immunofluorescence (magenta) combined with Ngn2 fluorescence ISH (green). X, Y, Double-immunofluorescence for Shh (magenta) and Mash1 (green). Z, AA, Mash immunofluorescence (magenta) combined with Ngn2 fluorescence ISH (green). C, E, Black arrowheads point to patchy Ngn2 expression in the prethalamus and white arrowheads point to missing Ngn2 expression domain in the ventral forebrain. Q, Black arrowheads point to remnants of the MAM. C, K, S, Y, Asterisks point to the absence of the Ngn2-negative, Mash1-positive TH-R in Ftm / embryos. Ant, anterior; AP, alar plate; BP, basal plate; FP, floor plate; RP, roof plate; Post, posterior; TEL, telencephalon. Scale bars: (in B for whole-mount ISH, in D for coronal sections) B–Q, 0.5 mm; (in R) R–U, 100 m; (in V ) V–AA, 50 m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-shh-expression-and-signaling-in-the-e12-5-embryo-2tbcqn0y.png Figure 7. Shh expression and signaling in the E12.5 embryo forebrain. A–F, Whole-mount ISH on E12.5 control (A, C, E) or Ftm / (B, D, F) half-brains viewed from the ventricular surface, with probes for Shh (A, B), Gli1 (C, D), or Ptch1 (E, F). G–L , IF on coronal sections of control (G, J, J , J ), Ftm / (H, K, K , K ) or [Ftm, Gli3 / ] (I, L, L , L ) Tg[GBS::GFP] embryos. IF was performed with antibodies for Shh and GFP. J , J , K , K , L , L , Fire versions of Shh and GFP are shown (J , fire scale). B, Empty arrowheads point to the missing Shh expression domain in the ventral forebrain. M–O , Combined fluorescence ISH Ptch1 and IF for Shh on coronal sections for of the diencephalon of E12.5 control (M, M ), Ftm / (N, N ) and compound [Ftm / , Gli3 / ] (O, O ) embryos. M –O , Fire versions of Ptch1 FISH. M–O, Green arrowheads point to GFP-positive blood cells. P–S, Diagrams showing the quantification of the intensity of Shh (P) or GFP (Q) IF and Ptch1 FISH (R, S) along the diencephalon. Ptch1 FISH intensity was quantified next to the ventricular surface (R) or 40 m away from the ventricular surface (S). Numbers on the abscissa relate to the position of the squares of quantification. Fluorescence intensity in ordinate is given in arbitrary units (AUF). Q–S, P values of statistical tests are shown as *p 0.1, **p 0.01, and ***p 0.001. No asterisk means that the difference was found nonsignificant by the statistical test. Scale bars: (in A) A–F, 0.5 mm; (in G) G–O , 100 m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-cilia-in-the-forebrain-of-ftm-mutants-a-c-1rlnuw0j.png Figure 10. Cilia in the forebrain of Ftm mutants. A–C , Immunofluorescence on coronal sections of E12.5 control embryos with antibodies for Shh (green), Arl13b (magenta), and Rpgrip1l (white). Nuclei are stained with DAPI. B , C , Only Rpgrip1l is shown. D–I , Immunofluorescence on coronal sections of E8.5 control (D–F ) and Ftm / (G–I ) embryos with antibodies for Shh (red) and Arl13b (white). Nuclei are stained with DAPI. D, G, White squares indicate the regions magnified in E, F, and H, I, respectively. E–I, White rectangles indicate the regions magnified in E –I , respectively. J–O, Immunofluorescence on coronal sections of E12.5 control (J–L) and Ftm / (M–O) embryos with antibodies for Shh (green) and Arl13b (magenta). J, M, Nuclei are stained with DAPI. White rectangles indicate the regions magnified in K, L and N, O, respectively. P, Graph comparing the density (top) and length (bottom) of cilia on the SEM images, in the HYP, PTH, TH, and ZLI regions of control and Ftm / embryos. Q–X, SEM of the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-histology-and-labeling-of-axon-tracts-in-the-brain-31ay8b2d.png Figure 1. Histology and labeling of axon tracts in the brain of control and Ftm / fetuses. A–D, Nissl staining on coronal sections of the brain at two distinct anteroposterior levels of thalamic and hypothalamic regions in E18.5 WT (A, C) and Ftm / (B, D) fetuses. C, D, More posterior sections than A and B. Both levels of sections correspond to the ventral hypothalamus and the alar thalamus. Black arrowheads in B–D point to axon fascicles of the IC and RT. Double black arrows in B and D point to the dysmorphic hypothalamus in Ftm mutants. E–F , Carbocyanine dye staining of corticothalamic (DiI, magenta) and thalamocortical (DiA, green) axons in E18.5 WT (E, E ) and Ftm / (F, F ) brains. E , F , Higher-magnification of the boxed regions in E and F, respectively. G, H, Neurofilament (NF) immunostaining of axon tracts in E18.5 control (G) and Ftm / (H ) brains. I–L , Immunofluorescence for Tuj1 and NF (I–J ) and for Robo3 and Tag1 (K–L ) in E13.5 control (K, K ) and Ftm / (L, L ) brains. M–N , Nissl staining on coronal sections at the level of the eyes of the head of E18.5 WT (M, M ) and Ftm / (N, N ) fetuses. M , N , Higher-magnification of the boxed regions in M and N, respectively. The arrowhead in N points to remnants of the RPE. AN, Anteroventral nucleus; CX, cortex; HB, Habenula; NR, neural retina; V3 third ventricle. Scale bars: (in A, M ) A–D, M, N, 1 mm; (in E, G) E–H, 0.5 mm; (in E , I, K ), E , F , I–J , K , L , 0.1 mm; (in K, M ) K, L, M , N , 0.2 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/the-circulation-and-consumption-of-red-lustrous-wheelmade-4ftdoer0q7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-chromatogram-of-the-residue-from-the-interior-surface-hxhad2ij.png Fig. 18. Chromatogram of the residue from the interior surface of sherd 3 from Bogazk?y. IS: internal standard; a: artefact of the GC; p: phthalate plasticizer; sq: squalene; ch: cholesterol; C16:0: saturated fatty acid with 16 carbon atoms https://scispace.com/papers/the-class-pay-gap-in-higher-professional-and-managerial-1d2ty2o1dz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-oaxaca-blinder-decomposition-jylan1v2.png Table 4: Oaxaca Blinder Decomposition https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-social-origins-of-adults-23-69-in-higher-managerial-29pu2ek6.png Table 2, Continued https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-over-and-under-representation-of-social-origins-in-2o6tkuvm.png Figure 1: Over- and Under-Representation of Social Origins in Higher Managerial and Professional Occupations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-1cuhbimu.png Table 2, Continued https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-class-origin-earnings-gaps-by-age-group-riow8ffe.png Figure 5: Class-Origin Earnings Gaps by Age Group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-class-origin-earnings-gaps-by-ethnicity-1fltbbju.png Figure 4: Class-Origin Earnings Gaps by Ethnicity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-class-origin-earnings-gaps-by-gender-yp7xw48y.png Figure 3: Class-Origin Earnings Gaps by Gender https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7b-class-origin-earnings-gaps-within-microclasses-3mzxxtb3.png Figure 7b: Class-Origin Earnings Gaps within Microclasses, Full Model https://scispace.com/papers/the-client-oriented-model-of-cultural-competence-in-3pbwyiffdb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-client-oriented-model-of-cultural-competence-tdc7svxt.png Figure 1. The Client-Oriented Model of Cultural Competence Diagram. https://scispace.com/papers/the-clinician-impact-and-financial-cost-to-the-nhs-of-2i4s75pxmx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimates-of-excess-cost-to-national-health-service-318fshl6.png Table 1 Estimates of excess cost to National Health Service, broken down by capsule https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-contains-an-error-the-correct-version-of-figure-5-2bv15wjx.png Figure 5 contains an error. The correct version of Figure 5 is included below. https://scispace.com/papers/the-clinical-characteristics-and-prognosis-of-covid-19-s35s678ihz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sequb1uc.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-cliometrics-of-international-migration-a-survey-54r48iaqvw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-those-who-competed-most-directly-with-immigrants-tz9chggq.png Figure 1. Those who competed most directly with immigrants, such as low-skilled blue collar workers, had the most to lose and are likely to complain the most loudly. The answer to the second question depends on who has the vote and what particular interest they would vote https://scispace.com/papers/the-clustering-of-galaxies-around-three-damped-ly-alpha-2nul8z2bg7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-redshift-slices-centered-a-in-front-of-b-on-and-c-64ljfu9u.png Fig. 4.— Redshift slices centered (a) in front of, (b) on, and (c) behind the DLA for the APM 08279+5255 field. The value zabs=2.974 is indicated by the vertical dashed line. Each dot represent a galaxy that was detected in the four UBV& I bands. The filled squares indicate objects that are not detected in the U band. The left column shows the probability distribution as a function of photometric redshift. The continuous line shows the smoothed distribution (arbitrarily scaled to the peak). The right column shows the probability to be in that particular slice as a function of the ‘goodness’ of the photometric redshift P∆z defined in Eq. 4. The dotted line shows the minimum threshold (50%) used in selecting LBG candidates in each of the slices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-for-our-three-fields-the-x-y-position-of-our-lbg-1h2xya4h.png Fig. 5.— For our three fields, the x y position of our LBG candidates relative to the QSO location. North is left, East is down. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-solid-lines-show-the-transmission-curves-for-our-3qm61yte.png Fig. 1.— The solid lines show the transmission curves for our four filters U , B, V , and I . The dashed line shows the CCD response function. The dotted lines show the filter transmission convolved with the CCD response function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-cross-correlation-wdg-between-dlas-and-lyman-break-kfaho98i.png Fig. 6.— The cross-correlation wdg between DLAs and Lyman break galaxies in a redshift slice of width (Wz = 0.15) that contains the DLAs. The filled squares show the cross-correlation for the combined fields. The dotted line is the LBG autocorrelation wgg (from Adelberger et al., 2003, using Eq. 8 to account for the volume of our redshift slice). The continuous line is a fit to the amplitude of the cross-correlation using ŵdg = a × wgg , i.e. we assume that both wgg and wdg have the same slope. The small panel shows the χ2 distribution as a function of the amplitude a and the 1σ range. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-redshift-distribution-for-each-of-our-fields-the-3hlwbq9n.png Fig. 2.— Redshift distribution for each of our fields. The dotted histogram shows the photometric redshift distribution using no priors and the template set A. The continuous histogram shows the photometric redshift distribution using the priors. Using the priors has the effect of eliminating the large number of galaxies that have been assigned zphot ≃ 2 wrongly, but does not affect the distribution at z ∼ 3 significantly. The vertical dashed line shows the redshift of the DLA zDLA. This plot shows the effect of the priors and that our selection peaks at a redshift close to that of the DLA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2ozu64hz.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-egkgw143.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1ewl2cug.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/papers/the-clustering-of-galaxies-in-the-sdss-iii-baryon-19ty9bmc3m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-monopole-on-the-left-and-quadrupole-on-the-right-1fn32ol3.png Figure 8. Monopole (on the left) and quadrupole (on the right) before and after BAO reconstruction (see Vargas-Magana et al., in preparation). The error bars represent the BOSS DR12 data. The solid lines correspond to the mean, and the shaded contours represent the 1σ regions, according to the MD PATCHY mocks (red pre-, and blue post-reconstruction). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-cosmic-evolution-of-the-correlation-matrices-for-3evibb51.png Figure 13. Cosmic evolution of the correlation matrices for different redshift bins indicated in the legend in bins of 5 h−1 Mpc. Lower-left block for the monopole, upper-right block for the quadrupole, and upper-left and lower-right blocks for the correlations between the monopole and the quadrupole. See Section 3.3 for details of the calculation. These correlation matrices are used in the BAO and RSD analysis in Chuang et al. (in preparation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pie-plot-of-the-boss-dr12-observations-upper-left-wheky86m.png Figure 2. Pie plot of the BOSS DR12 observations (upper-left region) and one MultiDark PATCHY mock realization (lower-right region). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-monopole-red-and-quadrupole-blue-in-fourier-space-61rh2afb.png Figure 7. Monopole (red) and quadrupole (blue) in Fourier space for the LOWZ (left) and CMASS galaxies (right) for the mean over 2048 MD PATCHY mocks for both southern and northern galactic caps, the average and 1σ uncertainties are shown. The results for QPM (1000 mocks for each LOWZ/CMASS, and north/south) are shown with dashed magenta lines. The error bars assigned to the data points have been computed based on 2048 MD PATCHY mocks. The ratio plots in the bottom panels have been only done for the MD PATCHY mocks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-monopole-and-the-quadrupole-for-different-redshift-136fhbh1.png Figure 11. Monopole and the quadrupole for different redshift bins over the redshift range 0.15 < z < 0.7. The black error bars stand for the BOSS DR12 data. The shaded contours represent the 1σ regions according to the MD PATCHY mocks in blue and according to the QPM mocks in red. These measurements are used in the BAO and RSD analysis in Chuang et al. (in preparation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-monopole-showing-the-evolution-for-lowz-the-3mnkzlob.png Figure 12. Monopole showing the evolution for LOWZ. The corresponding redshift bins for the PATCHY mocks are represented by shaded regions, and the observations by the error bars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-bispectra-and-reduced-bispectra-for-cmass-mocks-2bz2qr38.png Figure 10. Bispectra and reduced bispectra for CMASS mocks and observed galaxies for different configurations. The red solid line corresponds to the mean and the red shaded region to the 1σ contour of 100 MD PATCHY mocks. The black dots correspond to the BOSS DR12 data with the error bars taken from the MD PATCHY mocks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-monopole-for-different-stellar-mass-bins-as-2rjr5ymx.png Figure 4. Monopole for different stellar mass bins as indicated in the legend with the corresponding colour code. The error bars represent the BOSS DR12 data. The shaded contours represent the 1σ regions according to the MD PATCHY mocks. https://scispace.com/papers/the-coevolution-of-costly-heterogeneities-and-cooperation-in-2aqmgnyx8p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-co-evolution-of-social-strategies-and-efficiency-1ok747k6.png Figure 1: Co-evolution of social strategies and efficiency traits for (top) r = 0.01 and cost c = 0 and (bottom) r = 0.1 and cost c = 1 for κ = 0. Average trajectories for the density of cooperators nc and the average efficiency trait of cooperators C and defectors D have been calculated from sampling the stochastic dynamics of the evolution over 1000 independent runs on a 200× 200 torus. For comparison the figure also contains the average evolution of cooperators in the standard one-off spatial game with κ = 0 and r = 0.01. Note the logarithmic scale for the time domain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dependence-of-the-average-stationary-evolved-3nq0i6ut.png Figure 4: Dependence of the average stationary evolved efficiency traits of defectors (labelled as “D”, filled symbols) and cooperators (labelled as “C”, open symbols) on the dilemma toughness. (top) For κ = 0.for two cost scenarios, very low cost c = 0.0001 (boxes) and high cost c = 1 (circles), (middle) for κ = 0.1 and low c = 0.5 (boxes) and high c = 2 (circles) costs, (bottom) for κ = 1 and low c = 0.5 (boxes) and high c = 1.5 (circles) costs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dependence-of-the-average-stationary-frequency-of-yizajxcs.png Figure 3: Dependence of the average stationary frequency of cooperators on the dilemma toughness r for noise levels in strategy updating κ = 0 (no noise), κ = 0.1 (low amount of noise), and κ = 1 (large amount of noise). The dependencies are given for a range of cost parameters c for the efficiency trait. Note, that for c = 0 and κ = 0 and κ = 0.1 cooperation can only survive for r = 0 (open boxes). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-typical-snapshots-in-the-arrangement-of-cooperators-1z51ib7y.png Figure 2: Typical snapshots in the arrangement of cooperators (blue) and defectors (red) at various stages of the co-evolution. Clockwise from top right to bottom left: initial conditions at t = 0, then snapshots at t = 42, t = 120, and the asymptotic state at t = 3000.The intensity of the color of the sites indicates the efficiency trait: dark blue corresponds to cooperators with large , light blue to cooperators with low , and dark red and light red refer to large and low defectors, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dependence-of-cooperation-on-the-cost-of-2l30p44o.png Figure 5: Dependence of cooperation on the cost of efficiencies for r = 0.1 and several levels of noise in strategy propagation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dependence-of-cooperation-on-the-dilemma-toughness-1f1csq1u.png Figure 6: Dependence of cooperation on the dilemma toughness for various degrees of disjoint strategy pass pd for c = 0.0001 and κ = 0. https://scispace.com/papers/the-cmb-spectrum-perspective-of-observing-spectral-4bo0oba9vk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bose-einstein-and-comptonized-distorted-spectra-one-f4b0z1yu.png Fig. 1. Bose–Einstein and Comptonized distorted spectra one expects combining the upper limits on D!/! and y measured by FIRAS and the most recent values of Xb and H from WMAP results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-typical-uncertainties-of-today-measurements-of-the-2lq9kf7a.png Table 2 Typical uncertainties of today measurements of the sky temperature at frequencies close to 1 GHz https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-summary-of-tcmb-values-measured-at-frequencies-hebqxj0c.png Table 1 A summary of TCMB values measured at frequencies below 5 GHz https://scispace.com/papers/the-code-problem-for-directed-figures-2zegy2rio4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-basic-figures-for-xi-ai1-airi-o7wb591d.png Figure 2. Basic-figures for xi = ai1 · · · airi . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-half-planes-hp-t-begin-x-t-te-tn-tw-ts-the-black-1pcdqeto.png Figure 10. Half-planes HP(τ, begin(x)) (τ ∈ {τE , τN , τW , τS}); the black dot denotes the start point of x. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-annex-figures-for-passing-information-from-north-to-22uq2d4i.png Figure 4. Annex-figures for passing information from north to west. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-annex-figures-for-passing-information-from-north-to-mzi3fjn3.png Figure 3. Annex-figures for passing information from north to south. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-y-tiling-of-f-9chzj0ta.png Figure 8. “Y ”-tiling of f . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-x-tiling-of-f-2hqtj180.png Figure 7. “X”-tiling of f . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-hp-u-v-the-half-plain-contains-integer-grid-points-3jhvtd0h.png Figure 9. HP(u, v). The half-plain contains integer grid points lying on vertical line and to the left side of that line (the region marked by horizontal lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-annex-figures-for-passing-information-from-east-to-31z4mkfj.png Figure 5. Annex-figures for passing information from east to west. https://scispace.com/papers/the-cognitive-cost-of-reducing-relapse-to-cocaine-seeking-2tioyafoso 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-delayed-math-to-sample-task-a-animals-assigned-to-i02jevc8.png Figure 3. Delayed math-to-sample task. A) Animals assigned to four treatment groups did not display pre-exisitng differences in task acquisition (number of days to reach criterion). B) Treatment with vehicle did not affect task performance (% correct) compared to baseline and washout blocks. C) Task performance significantly decreased during the MTEP (3 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment block compared to the baseline block at 12s, 18s, and 24s and compared to the washout block at 8s,12s, 18s, and 24s. D) Treatment with CDPPB (30 mg/kg, i.p.) did not alter task performance compared to baseline or washout blocks. ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 MTEP vs. Baseline, *p < 0.05, ***p<0.001 MTEP vs. Washout. n = 6-8/group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cocaine-self-administration-a-rats-discriminated-1gtwyf0y.png Figure 2. Cocaine self-administration. A) Rats discriminated between nose poking in the active versus inactive port throughout the self-administration. There were main effects of Port and Day as well as a Port x Day interaction. B) Rats showed escalation of cocaine intake on days 4-12 of LgA cocaine self-admininstration. ***p < 0.001 vs. intake on Day 1 of LgA cocaine selfadministration, N = 28. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-timeline-dms-delayed-match-to-sample-2jzr66je.png Figure 1. Experimental timeline. DMS – Delayed match-to-sample task. ShA – short, 1 hr access cocaine self-administration. LgA – long, 6 hr access cocaine self-administration.+drug – daily Vehicle, MTEP or CDPPB admininstration, -drug – no drug was administered. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relapse-to-cocaine-seeking-a-rats-with-a-history-of-359r7x42.png Figure 4. Relapse to cocaine-seeking. A) Rats with a history of vehicle prior to DMS testing and relapse exhibited greater # nose pokes in the active port compared to rats with a history of MTEP (3 mg/kg, i.p.) and CDPPB (30 mg/kg, i.p.) prior to DMS testing and relapse as well as compared to rats given only a single administration of CDPPB prior to relapse. Vehicle-treated rats also nose poked more in the active nose port compared to the inactive nose port. B) Groups did not differ on the # nose pokes in the previously active port on day 2. ***p<0.001 vs. Veh active port nose pokes. ###p<0.001 vs. inactive port nose pokes within each group. n = 5- 8/group. https://scispace.com/papers/the-colloidal-stabilization-of-young-red-wine-by-acacia-2rqrk8x82k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-colloidal-stability-curves-of-hydro-alcoholic-1fji3zrm.png Figure 5. Colloidal stability curves of hydro-alcoholic – mineral solution in presence of A. 774 senegal gum (○), HIC-F1 (○), HIC-F2 (○) and HIC-F3 (○) fractions after 24h of kinetic. The 775 experiments were performed at 25°C. The lines are shown to guide the eyes. The inset figure 776 is a zoom of the left part. The experiments were triplicated. 777 778 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-molar-mass-distribution-thick-line-and-ormalized-ytce42x9.png Figure 6. Molar mass distribution (thick line) and ormalized refractive index signal (thin 782 line) of HIC-F1 (A) and A. senegal gum (B) before (black) and after (red) pronase treatm nt. 783 Colloidal stability curves of hydro-alcoholic – mineral solution in presence of HIC-F1 (C) and 784 A. senegal gum (D) before (○) and after (●) pronase treatment after 24h of kinetic. The lines 785 (figures 6C and 6D) are shown to guide the eyes. The colloidal stability experiments were 786 triplicated. 787 788 789 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-transmittance-changes-of-hydro-alcoholic-mineral-2dz6qu0d.png Figure 1. Transmittance changes of hydro-alcoholic – mineral solutions without (A) and with 731 0.09 (B) and 0.14 g.L-1 (C) of A. senegal gum. The transmittance was registered at 25°C 732 during 24h. Pictures of the solutions before and after 24h of kinetic are presented on the right. 733 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-relationship-between-the-critical-concentrations-of-1qezjzbh.png Figure 8. Relationship between the critical concentrations of A. senegal gum (AG) and its 806 HIC-fractions determined in hydro-alcoholic – mineral solution and those determined in 807 hydro-alcoholic grape marc solution (A) and young red wine (B). The experiments were 808 triplicated. 809 810 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-colloid-stability-kinetics-of-hydro-alcoholic-3ita9cgn.png Figure 2. (A) Colloid stability kinetics of hydro-alcoholic – mineral solutions containing 737 various A. senegal gum concentrations: 0 (●), 0.05 (●), 0.08 (●), 0.09 (●), 0.10 (●), 0.11 (●) 738 and 0.14 (●) g.L-1. (B) Colloidal stability curve of hydro-alcoholic – mineral solution in 739 presence of A. senegal gum after 24h of kinetic. The experiments were performed at 25°C. 740 The line (figure 2B) is shown to guide the eyes. The experiments were triplicated. 741 742 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-colloid-stability-kinetic-of-hydro-alcoholic-2q559g1n.png Figure 7. (A) Colloid stability kinetic of hydro-alcoholic – grape marc solutions according to 792 A. senegal gum (AG) concentration at 10°C. The concentrations f A. senegal gum were 0 793 (●), 0.01 (●), 0.025 (●), 0.05 (●), 0.1 (●) and 0.5 (●) g.L-1. The colloidal stability kinetic of 794 the hydro-alcoholic – grape marc solution at 25°C without A. senegal gum is shown as a 795 control (●) (B) Colloidal stability curves of hydro-alcoholic – grape marc solution in presence 796 of A. senegal gum (○), HIC-F1 (○), HIC-F2 (○) and HIC-F3 (○) fractions after 48h of kinetic 797 at 10°C. (C) Colloidal stability curves of a young red wine in presence of A. senegal gum (○), 798 HIC-F2 (○) and HIC-F3 (○) fractions after 48h of kinetic at 10°C. The lines (figures 7B and 799 7C) are shown to guide the eyes. The inset figure is a zoom of the left part. The experiments 800 were triplicated. 801 802 803 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-colloidal-stability-curves-of-hydro-alcoholic-12luxxri.png Figure 3. (A) Colloidal stability curves of hydro-alcoholic – mineral solutions in presence of 747 A. senegal gum (AG) at pH 3.1 (○), 3.5 (○) and 4.0 (○) after 24h of kinetic. (B) Relationship 748 between the electrophoretic mobility of A. senegal gum (AG) and its critical concentration in 749 hydro-alcoholic – mineral solutions. The lines (figure 3A) are shown to guide the eyes. The 750 experiments were triplicated. 751 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relationship-between-the-concentration-of-ca2-in-214c1ezz.png Figure 4. Relationship between the concentration of Ca2+ in the hydro-alcoholic – mineral 756 solution and the critical stabilizing concentration i A. senegal gum ([AG]crit). The 757 experiments were triplicated. 758 759 760 https://scispace.com/papers/the-collimation-and-energetics-of-the-brightest-swift-gamma-4cgrgcbts7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-grb-080319b-forward-shock-best-fit-parameters-3j9xz8c9.png Table 6 GRB 080319B Forward-shock Best-fit Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-grb-060418-forward-shock-best-fit-parameters-2saxzrqv.png Table 5 GRB 060418 Forward-shock Best-fit Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hst-imaging-of-grb-060418-left-an-f625w-acs-image-1i10rxw8.png Figure 5. HST imaging of GRB 060418. Left: an F625W ACS image taken on 2006 May 9. Center: the same field in an image obtained on 2006 July 11. Right: a digital subtraction of the two images, revealing the residual afterglow emission. There is no sign of any host-galaxy emission coincident with the afterglow; however, the photometry is complicated by contamination from several nearby sources (which may be related to the host galaxy; Pollack et al. 2009). All images are oriented with north up and east to the left, and have been smoothed with a three-pixel Gaussian filter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-collimation-and-energetics-of-swift-grbs-3qh4upqw.png Table 7 Collimation and Energetics of Swift GRBs https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-radio-observations-of-grb-060418-3etcw3fo.png Table 2 Radio Observations of GRB 060418 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optical-nir-observations-of-grb-060418-1amozeie.png Table 1 Optical/NIR Observations of GRB 060418 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-isotropic-prompt-g-ray-energy-release-eg-iso-of-3gvcb8al.png Figure 1. Isotropic prompt γ -ray energy release (Eγ,iso) of GRBs with measured redshift. All prompt energy releases have been transformed to the rest-frame 1 keV to 10 MeV bandpass. The increased sensitivity of the Swift BAT results in a population with lower values of Eγ,iso and larger redshifts. It is not surprising, then, that typical Swift events should have large (or even isotropic) opening angles, making jet-break measurements quite difficult (Perna et al. 2003). In this work, we focus on those events in the Swift sample with the largest values ofEγ,iso. References: pre-Swift: Amati (2006); Swift: Butler et al. (2007); FermiLAT: Greiner et al. (2009); Golenetskii et al. (2009b); Rau et al. (2009); Abdo et al. (2009a); Golenetskii et al. (2009a); Rau (2009). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-radio-submillimeter-observations-of-grb-080319b-1ey1sc5y.png Table 3 Radio/Submillimeter Observations of GRB 080319B https://scispace.com/papers/the-colloidal-tool-box-approach-for-fuel-cell-catalysts-1i9das8ha7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ecsa-of-pt-c-samples-measured-as-a-function-of-the-s0e6so8i.png Fig. 3 ECSA of Pt/C samples measured as a function of the ionomer content (wt.%). a) catalyst samples containing 30 wt.% Pt loading; b) catalyst samples containing 70 wt.% Pt loading. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-sketch-of-the-carbon-structure-and-their-3cj4ziro.png Fig. 1. Schematic sketch of the carbon structure and their experimentally determined BET-surface area properties https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cyclic-voltammograms-and-orr-rde-polarization-curves-qcqzlhs1.png Fig. 5 Cyclic voltammograms and ORR RDE polarization curves of 30 wt.% Pt/Vulcan XC 72R samples with a) 28 wt.% (red) and b) 45 wt.% (blue) Nafion ionomer in the catalyst layer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-impact-of-ionomer-impregnation-on-the-electrochemical-3p6vwyvv.png Fig. 2 Impact of ionomer impregnation on the electrochemical properties of Pt/Ketjenblack EC-300J catalysts. The black markers and bars indicate samples without Nafion, the green catalyst samples are impregnated with 28 wt.% of Nafion. (a) ECSA (markers) and SA (bars) and (b) MA (bars) as a function of metal loadings in wt.%. https://scispace.com/papers/the-column-density-kinematics-and-thermal-state-of-metal-4absgws6jf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-the-complex-multicomponent-absorption-kmnyfba1.png Figure 3. Example of the complex multicomponent absorption structure within the halo of Q0142-BX182, one of the most complex systems in the KBSS sample. The velocity scale is given with respect to the systemic redshift of the galaxy, measured based on strong rest-frame optical emission lines (Hα, [O III]). The continuumnormalized QSO spectrum is shown in black. The green curves that trace the black QSO spectrum with little to no deviation indicate the ±1σ error on the normalized flux. Gray sections of the QSO spectrum are highlighted to show regions where there is contamination from H I or other metal ions within the wavelength range fit. Colored curves show the Voigt profile decomposition of the absorption. The left-hand panel shows the individual component structure, while the right-hand panel shows their product, which can be used to compare directly to the data to test the goodness of fit. Note that strong absorption is detected in multiple ionization phases. C III and Si III absorption is also detected (not shown) but is saturated and so is not useful for comparing the subcomponent structure. Note that the same pattern of absorption features is present in the low- and high-ion gas, but not in O VI. Some of the broad features seen in O VI do appear in the fit to C IV. We suggest that the gas observed in Si II–C IV represents a single phase, while the broad features detected in O VI and C IV represent a second phase. Plots of the absorption spectra of metal lines within the halo of other KBSS galaxies are shown in the Appendix. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-same-as-figure-5-the-covering-fraction-of-various-t8jd0st8.png Figure 6. Same as Figure 5 (the covering fraction of various species within 100 pkpc), but calculated for the total column density within ±1000 kms−1, ΣNion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-same-as-figure-15-but-shown-for-q1549-d15-for-the-27yvdsuw.png Figure 19. Same as Figure 15 but shown for Q1549-D15 for the velocity range −100<v<250 kms−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-same-as-figure-15-but-shown-for-q1442-md50a-for-3djpe5tc.png Figure 18. Same as Figure 15 but shown for Q1442-MD50a for the velocity range 400<v<850 kms−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-same-as-figure-15-but-shown-for-q2343-bx551-for-1eq68arm.png Figure 21. Same as Figure 15 but shown for Q2343-BX551 for the velocity range 100<v<300 kms−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-same-as-figure-15-but-shown-for-q1442-md50b-for-1stpqost.png Figure 20. Same as Figure 15 but shown for Q1442-MD50b for the velocity range −25<v<425 kms−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-fraction-of-the-total-internal-kinetic-energy-3bhf2y1z.png Figure 11. Fraction of the total internal kinetic energy attributed to thermal energy compared to the total kinetic energy from both nonthermal and thermal energy. The light blue histogram shows that a large fraction of the absorbers have much more thermal energy than kinetic energy from turbulence. The additional absorbers shown in dark blue are those fit with a pure thermal model. Notably, 58% of absorbers fit with a thermal+turbulent model have >90% of their energy coming from thermal contributions, while only 18% have more turbulent than thermal energy. The top axis shows the implied Mach number of the internal gas turbulence; 80% of absorbers have subsonic internal turbulence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-measured-doppler-width-of-o-vi-bearing-absorption-1d666g7l.png Figure 12. Measured Doppler width of O VI-bearing absorption components (red) compared to C IV-bearing absorption components (blue). The median Doppler parameters of the samples are shown in the blue dashed (O VI) and red dotted (O VI) lines. Clearly, the typical O VI absorber has significantly more thermal or nonthermal broadening than the typical C IV absorber. However, there exist a population of broad C IV absorption systems. https://scispace.com/papers/the-combination-of-4-hydroxythiazoles-with-azaheterocycles-4oxjquy3ic 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spectroscopic-data-of-ligands-1-3-and-the-complexes-dvazrv0c.png Table 1. Spectroscopic data of ligands 1-3 and the complexes Ru1 - Ru3 and Ru(bpy)3 2+. All measurements were made in aerated CH2Cl2 at 298 K https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ortep-drawing-of-ru2-showing-the-labeling-scheme-of-1dt0fq52.png Figure 4. ORTEP drawing of Ru2 showing the labeling scheme of selected atoms. Solvent molecules, hydrogen atoms and the anions PF6 - are omitted for the sake of clarity. Ellipsoids are at a probability level of 30 %. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structures-of-the-ru-bpy-2-l-pf6-2-complexes-3s3izzkx.png Figure 1. Structures of the Ru(bpy)2(L)(PF6)2 complexes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-uv-vis-and-emission-spectra-of-ru1-to-ru3-and-ru-2g180ov9.png Figure 3. UV/Vis and emission spectra of Ru1 to Ru3 and Ru(bpy)3 2+, measured in CH2Cl2 at room temperature (c ≈ 1.5 x 10-5 mol/L). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-uv-vis-and-fluorescence-spectra-of-the-ligands-1-to-1qoba0r0.png Figure 2. UV/Vis and fluorescence spectra of the ligands 1 to 3 measured in CH2Cl2 at room temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/the-combined-effects-of-activity-space-and-neighbourhood-of-17jeg2hm83 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-framework-for-the-combined-impact-of-2ngaoyss.png Figure 1. Conceptual framework for the combined impact of activity space and neighbourhood of residence on health behaviour https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-individual-and-neighbourhood-factors-for-the-qfq5rrwt.png Table 2. Individual and neighbourhood factors for the concentration of daily activities within the neighbourhood of residence among the population in the Paris metropolitan area (2005), as determined by multilevel linear regression https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-selected-neighbourhood-areas-in-the-paris-7vjcuvfe.png Figure 2. Selected neighbourhood areas in the Paris metropolitan area https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-histogram-of-the-distribution-of-the-score-30eec6za.png Figure 3. Histogram of the distribution of the score measuring the concentration of daily activities in the perceived neighbourhood https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spatial-disparities-in-cervical-screening-in-the-lgop10n2.png Figure 4. Spatial disparities in cervical screening in the Paris metropolitan area in 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-and-percentage-of-paris-metropolitan-area-2n3alkyc.png Table 1. Number and percentage of Paris metropolitan area residents who reported doing their daily activities within their perceived neighbourhood of residence in 2005. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-individual-and-neighbourhood-risk-factors-for-not-reglibqp.png Table 3. Individual and neighbourhood risk factors for not having undergone cervical screening in the previous two years in the population in the Paris metropolitan area (2005), as determined by multilevel logistic regression https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-residential-neighbourhood-characteristics-2adbe0lj.png Table 4. Effect of residential neighbourhood characteristics on delayed cervical screening (after adjustment for age, occupational status, health insurance status, couple relationship status, and functional limitation status), as determined from the multilevel logistic regression model for two subpopulations (according to the concentration of their daily activities within their perceived neighbourhood). https://scispace.com/papers/the-combination-of-positive-and-negative-feedback-loops-497xy3v4q3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-transient-states-in-type-ii-bistable-systems-a-3nfjsoq8.png Figure 5. Transient states in type-II bistable systems. (a) Bifurcation diagram (see legend in figure 2) of a two-component circuit (same motif as figure 2(c)) with parameters τ1 = 1, τ2 = 1, WE11 = 4.5, WE22 = 3.8, b1 = 0.2, b2 = 0, WI12 = 0.5, WE21 = 1 (b) Same as A except WE22 = 4. (c) Time evolution of x1 activity (black solid line) in response to a signal pulse or step (red solid line) is shown for different initial circuit state. (A: S = 0.2, pulse; B: S = 0.4, pulse; C: S = 0.5, pulse; D:S = 0.4, pulse; E: S = 0.4, step). (d, e) x1 activity (brown solid line) associated with panels B and D of (c) are represented on the phase plane with nullclines (dashed and dash-dotted lines) and fixed points (circles); see legend in figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tunable-noise-induced-transitions-in-type-ii-6doszsq8.png Figure 6. Tunable noise-induced transitions in type-II bistable systems. Stochastic transitions within the circuit described in figure 2(d) in the presence of intrinsic noise. The signal level is fixed and adjusted to have similar transition rates in both directions. (a) Transition rates as a function of negative feedback strength, Q2. (b,c) Stochastic time evolution of x1 activity (left), probability distribution (center) and trajectories represented in the phase plane (right). On phase planes are shown nullclines (dashed and dash-dotted lines), fixed points (circles), attractor basin (gray and white), basin boundary (solid line) and the circuit state at successive time interval (blue points). (b) For Q2 = 0.2 (type-I bistability), rare transitions between x1-active and x1-inactive states elicited by high level of noises (σ̃ = 0.05). (c) For Q2 = 0.6 (type-II bistability), frequent transitions between x1-active and x1-inactive states elicited by relatively low levels of noises (σ̃ = 0.02). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conventional-bistable-switch-based-on-a-single-n0gsy6hk.png Figure 1. Conventional bistable switch based on a single positive feedback loop. Steady-state properties of a single-component circuit as a function of the signal strength and self-activation level that measures positive feedback (PF) strength. Other parameters: b1 = 0.13. (a) Phase diagram where the white domain corresponds to monostability (one stable fixed point) and the yellow domain corresponds to bistability (two stable and one unstable fixed points). The solid line indicates a saddle-node bifurcation. (b) Bifurcation diagram (the solid lines indicate stable fixed points, the dotted line indicates unstable fixed points) for WE11 = 3.9 (dashed line of (a)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-transitions-from-bistability-to-oscillations-in-the-3890ogqi.png Figure 2. Transitions from bistability to oscillations in the presence of negative feedback. Phase diagram, bifurcation diagram and phase plane associated with different topologies and parameters of a two-component circuit: (a) τ1 = 1, τ2 = 1, WE11 = 3.9, WE22 = 3, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-examples-of-cellular-pathways-combining-positive-184zs2wc.png Figure 7. Examples of cellular pathways combining positive and negative feedback loops. Two-component circuits as a schematic representation of signaling or regulatory pathways combining positive feedback loop (blue, +) and negative feedback loop (green, −). The solid circle denotes a master regulator that is involved into (a) sporulation initiation in Bacillus subtilis [18]; (b) glucose utilization in budding yeast [19, 44]; (c) S-phase initiation in the cell-division cycle of eukaryotes [49]; (d) mitotic control in the cell-division cycle of eukaryotes [49]; (e) pheromone response in budding yeast [22]; (f ) heterocyst differentiation in cyanobacteria [23]; (g) cell constriction initiation in caulobacter [25]; (h) competence induction in Bacillus subtilis [18]; (i) ovarian differentiation in mammals [27]; (j ) differentiation in ventral neural tube [20]; (k) p53-dependent stress response in mammals [21]; (l) muscle differentiation [24]; (m) meiosis initiation in budding yeast [26]; (n) notch-dependent differentiation [33]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-main-switching-scenarios-associated-with-type-1ub6j8dc.png Figure 3. Two main switching scenarios associated with type-II bistability. (a) Same motif and parameters as in figure 2(c). The signal-driven master x1 component activates its partner inhibitor. The corresponding bifurcation diagram (left panel) is compared with the two steady-state curves (gray thick line) associated with the cases where the master is either not inhibited or constantly inhibited. Time evolution of x1 and x2 activities in response to a signal step (right panel) indicates that both x1 and x2 activities switch-on. (b) Same motif and parameters as in figure 2(d). The master x1 component inhibits its signal-driven partner activator. The corresponding bifurcation diagram (left panel) is compared with the two steady-state curves (gray thick line) associated with the single-master-component dynamics or single-partner-component dynamics. The temporal response to a signal step indicates that only x1 activity switches permanently while x2 activity switches transiently. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fast-and-reversible-transitions-in-type-ii-bistable-2je2fdhl.png Figure 4. Fast and reversible transitions in type-II bistable systems. The switching speed (equation (D.3) with = 0.04) (a) and hysteresis width (b) of a two-component circuit (same motif as figure 2(c)) as a function of positive and negative feedback strength (WE11 and W I 12 respectively). Black domains are associated with a non-bistable regime. Panels of (a) show example of time evolution of x1 activity in response to a small perturbation near the bifurcation point, from which switching speed is computed. Panels of (b) show bifurcation diagram from which hysteresis width is computed. Fixed parameters: τ1 = 1, τ2 = 1, WE22 = 3.8, WE21 = 1, b2 = 0. b1 is adjusted to keep constant the signal threshold associated with the switch-on event while WE11 is varied. Panel A: W E 11 = 3.6, WI12 = 0; panel B: WE11 = 5, WI12 = 0; https://scispace.com/papers/the-command-decision-method-of-multiple-uuv-cooperative-task-1k33sf32ba 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-expert-groups-score-2gcz5m6p.png Table 4 Expert groups score https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-random-consistency-indicators-2hnpxmg9.png Table 3 Random consistency indicators https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-diagram-of-timing-group-32qzj8jr.png Figure 2 Schematic diagram of timing group https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-bidder-agent-2fikbvid.png Table 1 Parameters of bidder Agent https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-important-degree-of-parameters-3hh9j675.png Table 2 Important degree of parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-model-of-ahp-klnfscdr.png Figure 3 The model of AHP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-simulation-experiment-of-task-allocation-2chkw81i.png Figure 4 The simulation experiment of task allocation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-constraints-of-multiple-uuv-cooperative-combat-19wlpy58.png Figure 1 The constraints of multiple UUV cooperative combat between tasks https://scispace.com/papers/the-common-component-architecture-cca-applied-to-sequential-4vnni2fdeb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-timing-results-for-the-parallel-component-vs-driver-2voa1bww.png Figure 1.Timing results for the parallel component vs. driver/library application. https://scispace.com/papers/the-communication-strategies-for-moderate-islamic-da-wah-in-1r1vzvobxb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-informants-3mg16oju.png Table 1: Informants https://scispace.com/papers/the-common-cryogenic-test-facility-for-the-atlas-barrel-and-4k7w4ryjxb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-three-dimensional-view-of-the-test-facility-with-3gpx4gn5.png FIGURE 1: Three-dimensional view of the test facility with two BTs and one ECT installed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-three-dimensional-view-of-the-cryogenic-equipments-t7pix5fc.png FIGURE 3: Three-dimensional view of the cryogenic equipments required for the ECT tests. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thermal-loads-and-main-characteristics-of-the-atlas-1vd21trn.png TABLE 1: Thermal loads and main characteristics of the ATLAS toroid magnets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simplified-process-flow-diagram-of-the-cryogenic-ez65cbp3.png FIGURE 2: Simplified Process Flow Diagram of the cryogenic test station. https://scispace.com/papers/the-community-health-apprentices-project-the-outcomes-of-an-30ojxatvaq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-placement-organisations-1qdd7kc4.png Table 1: Description of the placement organisations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-benefits-of-participation-in-the-project-1tq83wkl.png Table 2: Benefits of participation in the project https://scispace.com/papers/the-community-philanthropic-foundation-a-new-form-of-3knwmqh9iy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-types-of-community-philanthropic-foundations-18wysc5w.png Table 2. Types of community philanthropic foundations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-comparison-of-characteristics-of-four-types-of-2u23bhla.png Table 1. The comparison of characteristics of four types of CSCs https://scispace.com/papers/the-comovements-in-international-stock-markets-new-evidence-38ofdcutzf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1ceclsly.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ym228gh7.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-28pxjyuf.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-29dygfg6.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bic-and-residual-sum-of-squares-rss-for-models-with-2frmn6o3.png Figure 2 BIC and residual sum of squares (RSS) for models with m breakpoints https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3om0d0ok.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-xh84dimq.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/papers/the-compass-future-compass-ii-2wwzngh1d9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-measured-u-u-invariant-mass-distribution-the-2uowrb64.png Figure 6: The measured µ+µ− invariant mass distribution. The number of events is obtained from the fit in the J/ψ region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-handbag-diagram-for-the-dvcs-process-at-the-leading-2icnxuxb.png Figure 1: Handbag diagram for the DVCS process at the leading twist. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proposed-running-time-the-respective-total-beam-flux-47x3vsqj.png Table 1: Proposed running time, the respective total beam flux for pions and muons, and expected total errors on the pion polarisabilities (units 10−4 fm3, except quadrupole polarisability value in units of 10−4 fm5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-projected-statistical-accuracy-for-a-measurement-of-2w12itxo.png Figure 2: Projected statistical accuracy for a measurement of the φ dependence of the beam charge and spin asymmetry. Predictions are calculated using the VGG model [6]. The green curves show predictions based on the first fit of the world data [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-drell-yan-feynman-diagram-the-annihilation-of-a-3pf2p02f.png Figure 4: Drell-Yan Feynman diagram: the annihilation of a quark-antiquark pair into a lepton pair. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-in-the-azimuthal-angle-ph-for-measured-1g9154tf.png Figure 3: Distribution in the azimuthal angle φ for measured exclusive single photon events, µp→ µ′pγ with Q2 > 1 GeV2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-theoretical-predictions-and-expected-statistical-3closrfw.png Figure 5: Theoretical predictions and expected statistical (left) and systematic (right) error for a measurement of the Sivers asymmetry in the high mass region 4 ≤Mµµ/ MeV/c2 ≤ 9. https://scispace.com/papers/the-competitive-forces-facing-e-health-3w7l569ynq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-generic-e-business-model-components-1yz76kvy.png Figure 3. Generic e-business model components https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-web-of-e-health-players-adapted-from-wickramasinghe-2h6yyfgz.png Figure 2. Web of e-health players adapted from Wickramasinghe, N et al 2004 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-e-health-business-model-components-1gh8c98r.png Figure 4. E-health business model components https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-three-e-opportunity-domains-and-their-components-mryrnz7v.png Table 1. The three e-opportunity domains and their components https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-e-opportunities-for-healthcare-organizations-3i988f2n.png Table 2. The e-opportunities for healthcare organizations https://scispace.com/papers/the-complexity-of-bank-holding-companies-a-topological-1hb7r1j5ud 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-four-quotients-by-entity-type-for-the-wells-fargo-lojudglc.png Figure 9: Four quotients by entity type, for the Wells Fargo cycles of Fig. 8: (a) Full quotient, Q, (b) Heterogeneous quotient, Q||, (c) Condensed quotient, Q̄, and (d) Condensed heterogeneous quotient, Q̄||. Source: FFIEC (2016); authors’ analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-of-quotient-graphs-a-hypothetical-bhc-tree-291f16hn.png Figure 3: Examples of quotient graphs: (a) Hypothetical BHC tree, G, with labeled entities; (b) full quotient, Q; and (c) heterogeneous (no self-loops) quotient, Q||. Source: Authors’ analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-evolution-of-the-wfc-ownership-hierarchy-quarterly-1j0ktlb6.png Figure 10: Evolution of the WFC ownership hierarchy, quarterly from 1986 to 2016. Top panel: Cycle rank of the heterogeneous quotient, b1(Q||), for both the entity-type (blue) and the jurisdiction (gold) vertex partitions. Bottom panel: Counts of edges (red dashes) and vertices (red dots) for the full (unquotiented) graph; and number of maximal homogeneous subgraphs, M , for both the entity-type (blue) and the jurisdiction (gold) vertex partitions. Source: FFIEC (2016); authors’ analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-merger-of-two-bhc-hierarchies-a-wells-fargo-co-wfc-22pynidp.png Figure 6: Merger of two BHC hierarchies. (a) Wells Fargo & Co. (WFC) in 2006; (b) Wachovia Corp. in 2006; and (c) the merged firm in 2010, after WFC’s 2008 acquisition of Wachovia. In each panel, vertices represent the top-level BHC and all subsidiary entities; edges represent ownership relationships. Red edges are heterogeneous by entity type. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ownership-cycles-in-the-2010-wells-fargo-bhc-s499jaab.png Figure 8: Ownership cycles in the 2010 Wells Fargo BHC hierarchy, before quotienting. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-failed-u-s-banks-1935-2016-three-post-ropqhixr.png Figure 1: Number of failed U.S. banks, 1935–2016. Three (post-FDIC) failure waves: Great Depression (1935-43), Savings and Loan Crisis (1980-1994) and Global Financial Crisis (2009-2015). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-quotients-via-edge-contractions-a-1txwwqml.png Figure 4: Example of quotients via edge contractions: (a) Original tree, (b) contraction of one edge {2,5}, (c) contraction of the maximal homogeneous subtree on vertices {2,4,5,8,10}, and (d) contraction of all homogeneous subtrees. Source: Authors’ analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-wells-fargo-co-wfc-at-year-end-2015-highlighting-3vujo03g.png Figure 7: Wells Fargo & Co. (WFC) at year-end 2015, highlighting former Wachovia subsidiaries. A blue edge indicates a former Wachovia subsidiary owning a non-Wachovia subsidiary (i.e., a WFC subsidiary that was not present in the Wachovia hierarchy at the 2008 acquisition). A red edge indicates a non-Wachovia subsidiary owning a former Wachovia subsidiary. https://scispace.com/papers/the-complex-history-of-genome-duplication-and-hybridization-1k5bqae17b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-raxml-phylogenies-for-concatenated-alignments-ijta0p0n.png Figure 4. RAxML phylogenies for concatenated alignments across 244 AHE loci. Colored ellipses highlight clades of interest. Bootstrap values are only reported on branches informative for this study (full trees with tip labels and bootstrap support at all nodes can be found in the appendix). Stars represent bootstrap support <50. Green squares indicate clades that suggest potential past connectivity of H. versicolor NE and SW lineages (see Discussion). Scale bar and branch lengths represent substitutions per site. Outgroup relationships shown in Supp. Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-model-probabilities-from-our-abc-analysis-under-8ah8153o.png Table 3. Model probabilities from our ABC analysis under different polyploidization mode and migration histories. Probabilities are summarized across 20 independent runs. AB distinction for some models refers to migration with the diploid and both tetraploid subgenomes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-dated-whole-genome-mitochondrial-phylogeny-from-8eiyqd0j.png Figure 5. (a) Dated whole-genome mitochondrial phylogeny from BEAST analysis of all ingroup and outgroup taxa (H. andersonii, H. arenicolor, and H. femoralis not shown, see Supp. Fig. 4). Colored bars right of the phylogeny highlight mitochondrial clades. Circle color on nodes represent posterior values for those nodes and are only reported for branches informative for this study (Full tree with all tip and node labels is available in the Dryad repository, Fig. 3). From left to right, vertical bars show mean timing of coalescence for: 1) H. avivoca, H. versicolor, and H. chrysoscelis; 2) Eastern/Central H. chrysoscelis and Western H. versicolor, 3) all MW H. versicolor ; 4) all NE H. versicolor ; and 5) all SW H. versicolor and the Central H. chrysoscelis with which they share a monophyletic mitochondrial clade. (b) Distribution map of Hyla chrysoscelis. Background colors indicate putative ranges of mitochondrial lineages, circles represent nuclear STRUCTURE results for H. versicolor and H. chrysoscelis analysis at K=4 with one SNP per locus. K=4 is visualized here because this analysis most reflected the topology from our phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 4b), did not include additional clusters that were uninformative, and overall was most useful for visualization of the complex population structure. Numbers correspond to Map ID number in Table 1 and Fig. 5-6. Green squares next to Texas, Louisiana, and Tennessee samples correspond to individuals that had ambiguous relationships in RAxML analyses. (c) Distribution map of Hyla versicolor. Background colors indicate putative ranges of mitochondrial lineages, circles represent STRUCTURE results for H. versicolor and H. chrysoscelis analysis at K=4 with one SNP per locus. Background colors indicate putative ranges of mitochondrial lineages, circles represent nuclear STRUCTURE results for H. versicolor and H. chrysoscelis analysis at K=4 with one SNP per locus. Numbers correspond to Map ID number in Table 1 and Fig. 5-6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-models-of-h-versicolor-descendance-and-migration-2ds3cks6.png Figure 1. Models of H. versicolor descendance and migration used for the final migrate-n analysis and their model probabilities calculated using Bayes Factors from their Bezier approximation score. Boxed model demonstrates the model with the highest probability. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-the-six-polyploid-speciation-models-and-their-7lpbfotb.png Figure 2. (a) The six polyploid speciation models and their parameters used in the ABC analysis (modified from Roux and Pannel 2015). The model inside the square depicts the parameters used for creating each model. (b) Two-dimensional density plot of posterior distributions for Tsplit and Twgd of the Autopolyploid Tetrasomic One-way Migration model used in the ABC analysis. Times are in millions of years ago (Ma). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-genetic-pca-results-for-8683-snps-across-244-loci-sgrwsi7g.png Figure 3. (a) Genetic PCA results for 8,683 SNPs across 244 loci. Squares and triangles represent H. versicolor and H. chrysoscelis, respectively. Fill color represents mitochondrial lineage and matches those presented in Fig. 5a-c colors. (b) Simulated and observed allele frequencies comparing nine speciation and inheritance mode combinations (one-way migration) to the observed allele frequencies of the NE H. versicolor lineage (shown as the dashed line). Simulations were done under a unidirectional migration model from the diploid to both A and B polyploid subgenomes. All heterosomic and disomic inheritance simulations produced allele frequencies with a significant number of alleles at 50% frequency, and tetrasomic inheritance simulations under all three polyploid speciation models did not produce a significant number of alleles at 50% frequency and were closest to the observed data. (c) Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with fixed differences between H. chrysoscelis and H. versicolor, polymorphisms shared between H. chrysoscelis and H. versicolor, polymorphisms unique to H. chrysoscelis, and polymorphisms unique to H. versicolor. Comparisons were conducted between all H. chrysoscelis and H. versicolor, as well as between all H. chrysoscelis and each H. versicolor mitochondrial lineage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-network-model-of-speciation-and-evolution-proposed-23jowbmo.png Figure 6. Network model of speciation and evolution proposed from the results of this study. Background colors of circles represent mitochondrial lineages apart from ancestral lineages which are colored white. Solid arrows point to descendants of a given lineage. Dashed lines demonstrate current migration for existing lineages or past migration for extinct lineages, with arrows indicating the direction of migration. Circles represent populations identified by their mitochondrial genome (H. versicolor, H. avivoca, and extinct lineages), squares represent populations defined by their nuclear genome (H. chrysoscelis). The yellow star indicates the proposed single whole genome duplication event that led to the formation of H. versicolor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bezier-approximations-of-the-marginal-likelihood-and-1dnj3bd8.png Table 2. Bezier approximations of the marginal likelihood and the model probability from migrate-n analyses on descendance and migration likelihood for each H. versicolor mitochondrial lineage from each H. chrysoscelis nuclear genetic lineage or H. versicolor mitochondrial lineage. Bolded numbers represent the best supported model probability. https://scispace.com/papers/the-comply-or-explain-approach-for-enforcing-governance-16ws7slqzp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-likely-adoption-of-the-comply-or-explain-approach-1k1ax1cs.png Figure 2: Likely Adoption of the Comply-or-Explain Approach https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comply-or-explain-versus-comply-or-else-2yoesecd.png Figure 1: Comply-or-Explain versus Comply-or-Else https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-adoption-of-alternative-approaches-to-corporate-21pmf35w.png Table 1: Adoption of Alternative Approaches to Corporate Governance https://scispace.com/papers/the-complexity-of-silk-under-the-spotlight-of-synthetic-eobjibzmqc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-interaction-of-spider-silk-dope-chemistry-and-1t7y93ma.png Figure 1 The interaction of spider silk dope chemistry and complexity of spinning process. Shown is the relationship between the Glycine content of a silk and the ‘folding index’ γ of the silk-proteins in the pre-spun liquid stage with γ being taken to be indicative of the protein intrinsic disorder. The correlation and model are taken to quantitatively explain the structure-function relationship by describing the molecular conformation i.e. the β-sheet propensity. The data suggest that, in order to achieve specialization and performance, silks require higher structural flexibility at the expense of reduced stability and increased conversion energy. A γ value near 1 would denote helix-type folding while γ values <0.5 would signify mostly unfolded chains having been calculated from the ratio of the circular dichroism spectrum bands at 208nm and 220nm (at 20°C). The arrow show the direction of gland evolution and the insets depict schematically the overall gland shape (not to scale). The regression was calculated from dopes of the 7 different gland types of a Nephila spider and analyzed by a general linear model (GLM). The correlation was tested with spider dopes from other spiders, only very distantly related and typically much more ancestral. The out-group was the mulberry silk worm Bombyx mory (bmx), which has evolved silk independently of the spiders. Legend: Nephila edulis (Tetragnathidae) and its different glands Major ampullate (N-Ma), Minor ampullate (N-Mi), Flagelliform (NFlag), Cylindriform (N-Cyl), Aciniform (N-Ac), Pyriform (N-Pyr) and Median (N-Med). Another web spider Kukulkania hibernalis (Filistatidae) with major ampullate (F-Ma) and acinous (F-Ac) glands. The ancestral mygalomorph (bird eating) spiders Antrodiaetus unicolor (Antrodiaetidae) with Aciniform glands (A) and Aphonopelma chalcoldes (Theraphosidae) with Acinous glands (T). Outgroup is the highly specialised, domesticated Bombyx mori, (Insecta: Bombicidae) with dope from its pair of large identical glands (bmx – silkworm silk). The grey area denotes the 95% regression confidence interval. (adapted from Dicko et al [25]). https://scispace.com/papers/the-computation-of-the-degree-of-the-greatest-common-divisor-1iewxecu3l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-singular-values-of-sk-f-g-h-for-example-7-2-a8jgwq3x.png Fig. 8. The singular values of S̄k(f̂ , ĝ, ĥ) for Example 7.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-singular-values-of-sk-l-kf-g-r-kh-for-example-7-2-6fm1xcax.png Fig. 9. The singular values of S̄k(λ ∗ kf̈ , g̈, ρ ∗ kḧ) for Example 7.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-singular-values-of-sk-f-g-h-for-example-7-1-stlpb5hr.png Fig. 6. The singular values of S̄k(f̂ , ĝ, ĥ) for Example 7.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-singular-values-of-sk-l-kf-g-r-kh-for-example-7-1-3ebdbu6r.png Fig. 7. The singular values of S̄k(λ ∗ kf̈ , g̈, ρ ∗ kḧ) for Example 7.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-singular-values-sk-i-of-sk-g-f-h-for-example-4-1-3776q1t6.png Fig. 4. The singular values σk,i of S̄k(ĝ, f̂ , ĥ) for Example 4.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-singular-values-sk-i-of-sk-h-g-f-for-example-4-1-n6jb6lu3.png Fig. 5. The singular values σk,i of S̄k(ĥ, ĝ, f̂) for Example 4.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-relative-errors-in-the-gcd-df-g-h-y-and-the-2vg3i6j5.png Table 1 The relative errors in the GCD df,g,h(y) and the coprime polynomials, u(t)(y), v(t)(y) and w(t)(y) with εi, εj and εl in the interval [ 10−6, 10−4 ] , for Example 7.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-coefficients-of-a-f-y-b-g-y-and-c-h-y-for-example-fhnn747w.png Fig. 1. The coefficients of (a) f̂(y), (b) ĝ(y) and (c) ĥ(y) for Example 4.1. https://scispace.com/papers/the-computational-complexity-of-iterated-elimination-of-4w2rs1pf6r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-classifications-an-entry-np-denotes-3h6mjkb8.png Table 1 Overview of the classifications. An entry NP denotes NP-completeness, etc., while ≥ P denotes membership in NP together with P-hardness. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-construction-used-in-the-proof-of-theorem-13-35vmcxzy.png Table 8 The construction used in the proof of Theorem 13 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-an-example10-for-the-construction-in-table-8-29xm4cn2.png Table 9 An example10 for the construction in Table 8 instantiated with (p∨q∨¬r)∧ (¬p∨ q ∨ r) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-construction-from-theorem-11-applied-to-the-3gjhl96h.png Table 6 The construction from Theorem 11 applied to the example in Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-an-example-instance-for-mcv1-introduced-in-1iv9wpj6.png Table 2 An example instance for MCV1 introduced in Definition 13 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-an-example-instance-for-mcv2-introduced-in-3i9y6sx4.png Table 3 An example instance for MCV2 introduced in Definition 14 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-construction-from-theorem-10-applied-to-the-2913e1js.png Table 5 The construction from Theorem 10 applied to the example in Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-construction-from-theorem-12-applied-to-the-3riyvq4r.png Table 7 The construction from Theorem 12 applied to the example in Table 3 https://scispace.com/papers/the-comquad-component-container-architecture-3w20a57br1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comquad-container-architecture-35w79cl0.png Figure 1:COMQUAD container architecture https://scispace.com/papers/the-computer-vision-symptom-scale-cvss17-development-and-3btyv1ldsw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a4-item-characteristic-curves-the-curve-on-the-left-1y19ltc9.png FIGURE 1. A4 item characteristic curves. The curve on the left shows disordered thresholds and does not fulfill some of the criteria recommended by Linacre.36 Consequently, categories initially scored as 5, 6, and 7 were rescored as 3; categories initially scored 3 and 4 were rescored as 2; and category initially scored as 2 was rescored as 1. The resultant curve (right) shows no disordered thresholds and fulfills the established criteria. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graph-showing-the-most-likely-category-a-person-2yo0il02.png FIGURE 2. Graph showing the most likely category a person with a given severity of symptoms (expressed in logits) would choose as a response to the item shown on the right. Rating information is shown in terms of expected scores (l indicates a score of half a point). The lower rating categories appear on the left. Items are ordered from most (top) to least (bottom) difficult. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scatter-plot-of-loadings-for-the-main-components-in-qctlqwyt.png FIGURE 4. Scatter plot of loadings for the main components in rotated space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plot-of-mean-differences-versus-repeatability-of-1o6ema7e.png FIGURE 5. Plot of mean differences versus repeatability of the CVSS17 scores. The solid line indicates the mean difference (MD) between scores obtained when completing the questionnaire on two occasions. The dotted lines indicate the lower and the upper 95% limits of agreement (MD 6 1.96 3 SD). ?14 https://scispace.com/papers/the-concentration-of-vitamin-a-and-its-provitamin-beta-4w6sgkn2dd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-vitamin-a-concentrations-in-maternal-and-fetal-1o8lpnlb.png Figure 2. Vitamin A concentrations in maternal and fetal bovine placenta Groups: A – caesarian section before term without RFM, B – caesarian section before term with RFM, C – caesarian section at term without RFM, D – caesarian section at term with RFM, E – spontaneous delivery at term without RFM, F – spontaneous delivery at term with RFM. Different superscripts denote significant differences at p<0.05 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-beta-carotene-concentrations-in-maternal-and-fetal-3v8lhk5e.png Figure 1. Beta carotene concentrations in maternal and fetal bovine placenta Groups: A – caesarian section before term without RFM, B – caesarian section at term with RFM, C – caesarian section at term without RFM, D – caesarian section before term with RFM, E – spontaneous delivery at term without RFM, F – spontaneous delivery at term with RFM. Different superscripts denote significant differences at p<0.05 https://scispace.com/papers/the-concept-of-residuals-for-fault-localization-in-discrete-2fidlbvi79 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-example-for-state-estimation-and-fault-detection-1f97krar.png Fig. 8. Example for state estimation and fault detection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-example-fort-he-evolution-set-resulting-from-the-two-i-3c5wr4p5.png Fig. 6. Example fort he evolution set resulting from the two I/O vectors u(1) and u(2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-fdischeme-with-the-ndmo-2h6knz7h.png Fig. 7. FDIscheme with the NDMO. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-example-for-a-fault-at-12-4-ya6b81fl.png Fig. 13. Example for a fault at 12.4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-example-for-an-unexpected-behavior-3qhy6her.png Fig. 9. Example for an unexpected behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-closed-loop-desconsisting-of-plant-and-controller-y7d5k7ld.png Fig. 1. Closed-loop DESconsisting of plant and controller. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fdi-principle-for-closed-loop-des-33s8fl3n.png Fig. 3. FDI principle for closed loop DES. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-residuals-in-time-continuous-and-in-discrete-event-18g1grsa.png Fig. 2. Residuals in time-continuous and in discrete event systems. https://scispace.com/papers/the-concept-of-iso-inertial-assessment-reproducibility-4d8j8bkto7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-study-design-krs4e72e.png Table 1 – Study design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-starting-position-in-both-bp-and-sq-exer-cises-14l9rxg9.png Figure 1 – Starting position in both BP and SQ exer cises https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relative-load-power-and-relative-load-ve-locity-1rrz8fci.png Figure 4 – Relative load-power and relative load-ve locity relationships in BP and SQ exercises https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-coefficients-of-variation-cv-for-the-parameters-av-1ek5bkty.png Table 2 – Coefficients of variation (CV) (%) for the parameters AV, PV, AP, PP, and TPP in a standardised lifting simulation using 30 and 40 kg free weights https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-coefficients-of-variation-cv-related-to-inter-trial-34nw2img.png Table 3 – Coefficients of variation (CV) (%) related to inter-trial and inter-session BP and SQ performance parameters AV, PV, AP, PP and TPP at each relative charge https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-representation-of-the-lifting-simulation-2aa1ok7x.png Figure 3 – Schematic representation of the lifting simulation before (a) and after (b) barbell release https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graphical-representation-of-velocity-and-power-1gyfo8p4.png Figure 2 – Graphical representation of velocity and power measurements: AV and PV (a); AP, PP and TPP (b) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-and-standard-deviation-of-the-muscular-43c9wy9f.png Table 4 – Mean and standard deviation of the muscular performance profile of the subjects in BP and SQ exercises For a given feature, differences between charges are systematically significant for all features, except between *, which represents an absence of difference (p>0.05) https://scispace.com/papers/the-connectedness-between-crude-oil-and-financial-markets-39fax1rpcr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dynamic-conditional-correlations-notes-this-figure-xgcbr3z5.png Fig. 2. Dynamic conditional correlations. Notes: This figure shows the dynamic conditional correlations between crude oil volatility index and seven market volatility indices during the period 27th July 2012 to 3rd June 2015. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-the-implied-volatility-1rgnxlfc.png Table 2 Descriptive statistics of the implied volatility indexes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-unconditional-correlation-among-the-implied-3zhm7p5n.png Table 3 Unconditional correlation among the implied volatility indexes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-direction-of-implied-volatility-spillovers-notes-this-1wp1enhy.png Fig. 4. Direction of implied volatility spillovers. Notes: This figure shows the directional spillovers from Oil to all markets' over the sample period 27th July 2012 to 3rd June 2015 estimated with a rolling window of 200 day and predictive horizon for the underlying variance decomposition is 10 day. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dynamic-total-implied-volatility-spillover-index-notes-jd54f5bc.png Fig. 3. Dynamic total implied volatility spillover index. Notes: This figure shows the spillover index over the sample period 27th July 2012 to 3rd June 2015 estimated with a rolling window of 200 day and predictive horizon for the underlying variance decomposition is 10-step-ahead forecasts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pairwise-directional-net-volatility-spillovers-between-2rsp7ui7.png Fig. 5. Pairwise directional net volatility spillovers between the crude oil market and other markets. Notes: This figure shows the directional of net spillovers from oil to each market over the sample period 27th July 2012 to 3rd June 2015 estimated with a rolling window of 200- day and predictive horizon for the underlying variance decomposition is 10 day. Positive (negative) values indicate that oil is a net transmitter (receiver) of shocks to the respective market. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-direction-of-spillovers-using-alternative-volatility-i7u9uhiu.png Table 5 Direction of spillovers using alternative volatility measures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-direction-of-implied-volatility-spillovers-3fn3oidg.png Table 4 Direction of implied volatility spillovers. https://scispace.com/papers/the-consequences-of-a-year-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-for-the-3c8tptzah1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measured-variables-m9uib57g.png Table 1. Measured variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-latent-profile-analyses-presenting-the-optimum-322igfce.png Figure 3. Latent profile analyses presenting the optimum model for each mental health outcomes (95% CI as error bars). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-patterns-of-individual-variability-across-t1-t5-for-16i9a249.png Figure 6. Patterns of individual variability across T1-T5 for all mental health measures separated by -/+ 1 SD on pfactor at T1 prior to the start of the pandemic. Individual trajectories are presented as coloured lines and average mean trajectory as a black line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summary-of-the-constructs-measured-by-the-crisis-26sk8v1o.png Figure 1. Summary of the constructs measured by the CRISIS questionnaire. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-descriptive-statistics-means-and-standard-errors-skfgd0l6.png Figure 2. Descriptive statistics (means and standard errors) for all mental health measures from T1 to T5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-univariate-twin-model-fitting-results-b-genetic-1v6bash7.png Figure 5. a) Univariate twin model-fitting results; b) Genetic correlations with 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-phenotypic-correlations-from-across-time-points-20hxg48o.png Figure 4. Phenotypic correlations from across time points. https://scispace.com/papers/the-consequences-of-implicit-and-explicit-beliefs-on-food-4pljq72zvj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-reaction-times-of-congruent-incongruent-blocks-ymh50x6n.png Figure 2. Mean reaction times of congruent/incongruent blocks and mean D scores in different recollection and belief groups (“Rec” stands for “Recollection”; error bars indicate 95%CI). Implicit/explicit Belief and Food Preferences https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-preference-scores-for-egg-salad-in-different-3m4c9ld0.png Figure 3. Preference scores for egg salad in different explicit belief (yes vs. no) and implicit belief (yes vs. no) groups. Error bars indicate 95%CI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-blocks-of-the-autobiographical-implicit-association-2s6il40m.png Table 1. Blocks of the Autobiographical Implicit Association Test. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-recollection-and-belief-ratings-in-session-1-2thwsqiz.png Table 3. Mean Recollection and Belief ratings in Session 1 (pre-suggestion) and Session 2 (post-suggestion) in different groups (CI: confidence interval). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-summarized-correlations-among-memory-phenomenology-3m6cz5a9.png Figure 4. Summarized correlations among memory phenomenology, belief, aIAT and food preference in our study (* < .05; *** < .001). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-food-preferences-for-a-egg-salad-b-boiled-eggs-c-oze4anwm.png Figure 1. Food preferences for (a) Egg salad, (b) Boiled eggs, (c) Salad, and (d) Pasta in different Recollection (yes vs. no) and Belief (yes vs. no) groups. (Error bars indicate 95%CIs) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-participants-with-without-recollection-or-22pss9tr.png Table 2. Number of participants with/without recollection or belief in the critical event after debriefing. https://scispace.com/papers/the-consequences-of-friendships-evidence-on-the-effect-of-5fdiyabdpu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-39143iw5.png Table 2. Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-effect-of-friendships-allowing-for-heterogeneous-15nfkvlz.png Table 6. Effect of Friendships allowing for Heterogeneous Peer Effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mutual-same-grade-same-gender-friends-by-maternal-8yemvbff.png Table 1. Mutual Same Grade, Same Gender Friends by Maternal Education and by Racial Groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-friendships-on-students-grade-point-ghq1yub5.png Table 4. Effect of Friendships on Student’s Grade Point Average (GPA) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-heterogeneous-effect-of-friendships-among-female-1ng48rpy.png Table 9. Heterogeneous Effect of Friendships among Female Students by School Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-friendship-effects-on-gpa-by-subject-matter-qt15ez3k.png Table 8. Friendship Effects on GPA by Subject Matter https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-heterogeneous-effect-of-friendships-among-female-j4jkpl7v.png Table 10. Heterogeneous Effect of Friendships among Female Students by Student Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-mechanism-analysis-z05ulllw.png Table 7. Mechanism Analysis https://scispace.com/papers/the-construction-of-the-taiwan-humanities-citation-index-qeoo9nozxv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-article-table-22nii4tu.png Table III Article table https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-thci-homepage-23q3138s.png Figure 4 THCI homepage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-searching-for-a-particular-authors-articles-2swvbg8l.png Figure 5 Searching for a particular author’s articles https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-journal-table-1wrq3hdf.png Table II Journal table https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-citation-15mj4eki.png Figure 1 A citation https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-statistics-of-indexed-journals-by-discipline-7ye51yb9.png Table I Statistics of indexed journals by discipline https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-search-results-for-author-pep0xj6a.png Figure 6 Search results for author https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-authors-articles-indexed-in-thci-1zy1em5g.png Figure 7 Author’s articles indexed in THCI https://scispace.com/papers/the-construction-and-testing-of-the-silicon-position-1xcwnfp8ch 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-30-pedestals-for-the-four-y-views-left-and-the-four-x-1cdjayhl.png Figure 30. Pedestals for the four Y views (left) and the four X views (right). There is very good homogeneity between different sensors and also between different chips in a same module. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-simplified-scheme-of-the-ccu-control-rings-left-1p3mcs2x.png Figure 24. Simplified scheme of the CCU control rings (left). The FEC sits in the control room while the DOHM (photo on the right) and the MDAQs boards (that host the CCUs) are in proximity of the detector. The DOHM boards (Main + auxiliary) can connect up to 15 CCUs providing redundancy. The fibres (visible on the right) are connected directly to the FEC, 200 metres away. From the connectors, twisted pair flat cables transport the signals to and from the CCUs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-34-muon-passing-through-the-calorimeter-as-seen-in-oqj0b420.png Figure 34. Muon passing through the calorimeter as seen in the four X views (left) and four Y views (right) with the silicon modules in ARM2, with the PACE3 chips set in High Gain. The silicon modules can track single MIPS (once the preamplifiers have been set in High Gain), as well as pC signals originating from dense electromagnetic shower cores (in Low Gain). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-33-photo-of-the-test-beam-set-up-at-the-front-behind-11wfti1a.png Figure 33. Photo of the test beam set up. At the front behind a thin bronze shield sits the ADAMO telescope. Right behind there’s the aluminium enclosure of the LHCf calorimeter (ARM2). The blue micro-ribbon cables together with the LV power cables can be seen protruding from the calorimeter, and reaching to where the MDAQ and DOHM boards are placed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-35-proton-350-gev-interacting-in-the-calorimeter-as-p03qqmuv.png Figure 35. Proton (350 GeV) interacting in the calorimeter as seen in the four X views (left) and four Y views (right) with the silicon modules in ARM2 (Low Gain). The shower starts after the first silicon module which as a consequence does not show any signal. Also the shower has a wide lateral extension with secondary emissions visible in the last layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-36-electron-200-gev-interacting-in-the-calorimeter-as-2dnutfvp.png Figure 36. Electron (200 GeV) interacting in the calorimeter as seen in the four X views (left) and four Y views (right) with the silicon modules in ARM2 (Low Gain). The shower starts immediately but extinguishes itself before the last two layers which as a consequence do not show any signal. The shower has a narrow lateral extension. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-partially-assembled-module-held-in-the-precision-160jf45l.png Figure 19. Partially assembled module held in the precision assembly jig. Glued pieces are, from the left: hybrid assembly, PCB pitch adapter and the silicon sensor (strips parallel to the hybrid). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-32-typical-calibration-curves-for-the-registers-of-2ki0m96o.png Figure 32. Typical calibration curves for the registers of one PACE3 chip (left) and Vshaper register setting dispersion (as derived from the calibration procedure) for a sample of PACE3 chips mounted on the half hybrids (right). These calibration curves are all obtained against the DCUs internal 14 bit ADC which is used as reference. https://scispace.com/papers/the-continuous-strength-method-31elffz2jx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-deformation-capacity-slenderness-relationship-for-chs-3ku2nc36.png Fig. 6. Deformation capacity–slenderness relationship for CHS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-bending-response-of-chs-with-elastic-linear-106ifq01.png Fig. 8. Bending response of CHS with elastic, linear strainhardening material model: (a) cross-section; (b) strain; (c) stress https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-chs-bending-test-results-hdg0v4gx.png Fig. 4. CHS bending test results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-stub-column-test-results-1vlkihpf.png Fig. 3. Stub column test results https://scispace.com/papers/the-contradictory-consequences-of-regulation-the-influence-pden07v8in 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-small-companies-reasons-for-filing-abbreviated-3v2n3fqi.png Table 2. Small companies’ reasons for filing abbreviated accounts https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-small-companies-use-of-abbreviated-accounts-2whug3fd.png Table 3. Small companies’ use of abbreviated accounts https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-respondent-groups-1uanpcq2.png Table 1. Respondent groups https://scispace.com/papers/the-contribution-of-commuting-to-total-daily-moderate-to-g5wgkaez3n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stepping-bout-distribution-of-commute-and-non-1yjzy5y1.png Figure 2: Stepping bout distribution of commute and non-commute steps https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cadence-distribution-of-commute-and-non-commute-e9v9rt72.png Figure 1: Cadence Distribution of commute and non-commute steps https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-adherence-to-pa-guidelines-using-different-criteria-rlaffk2l.png Table 1: Adherence to PA guidelines using different criteria for MVPA and different minimum stepping bout lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-commute-time-and-non-commute-time-in-mvpa-at-1s51isn7.png Figure 4: Commute time and non-commute time in MVPA at ≥100step/min and at stepping bouts greater than 10 minutes for all subjects grouped by commute mode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-commute-time-and-non-commute-time-in-mvpa-at-zo1apjb4.png Figure 3: Commute time and non-commute time in MVPA at ≥100step/min for all stepping bouts for all subjects grouped by commute mode. https://scispace.com/papers/the-contribution-of-the-anticholinesterase-activity-of-2iesg7q8gb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-toxicity-lc10-lc50-and-lc90-of-aqueous-leaf-extract-280n8kii.png Table 3: Toxicity (LC10, LC50 and LC90) of aqueous leaf extract of Pedialanthus tithymaloide against Indoplanorbis exustus at different time intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-toxicity-lc10-lc50-and-lc90-of-aqueous-stem-bark-kuxx5gch.png Table 4: Toxicity (LC10, LC50 and LC90) of aqueous stem bark extract of Pedialanthus tithymaloide against Indoplanorbis exustus at different time intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-inhibition-of-ache-activity-in-nervous-and-3k73kq8u.png Table 5: Inhibition of AChE activity in nervous and hepatopancrease tissues of freshwater snail Lymnaea acuminata exposed to 24 h or 96 h to 40% and 80% LC50 of aqueous extract of Pedialanthus tithymaloide leaf, stem bark, and recovery of AChE activity after 7th day withdrawal experiment of treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-toxicity-lc10-lc50-and-lc90-of-aqueous-leaf-extract-12gjqm30.png Table 1: Toxicity (LC10, LC50 and LC90) of aqueous leaf extract of Pedialanthus tithymaloide against Lymnaea acuminata at different time intervals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-inhibition-of-ache-activity-in-nervous-nt-and-2hafidkn.png Figure 1: Inhibition of % AChE activity in nervous (NT) and hepatopancrease (HT) tissues of snail Lymnaea acuminata exposed to 24 h or 96 h to 40% and 80% LC50 of aqueous leaf, stem bark extract of Pedialanthus tithymaloide and their recovery after 7th day withdrawal experiment of treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-toxicity-lc10-lc50-and-lc90-of-aqueous-stem-bark-2bypgsec.png Table 2: Toxicity (LC10, LC50 and LC90) of aqueous stem bark extract of Pedialanthus tithymaloide against Lymnaea acuminata at different time intervals. https://scispace.com/papers/the-convenience-of-electronic-payments-and-consumer-cash-46e2ean42m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-payment-choice-and-cash-demand-j6ecbna4.png Figure 3. Payment choice and Cash demand https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-payment-choice-by-pre-treatment-payment-behavior-2o72fgjo.png Table 6. Payment choice: By pre-treatment payment behavior https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-covariate-variables-2g20og70.png Table 2. Covariate Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-payment-choice-and-cash-demand-dynamic-treatment-15w0lyri.png Table 5. Payment choice and cash demand: Dynamic treatment effect https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-payment-choice-and-cash-demand-average-treatment-3n3ddt01.png Table 4. Payment choice and cash demand: Average treatment effect https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-outcome-variables-1283s12p.png Table 1. Outcome Variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-research-design-2jktgdbq.png Figure 1. Research Design https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-debit-pos-transactions-1gzdtahu.png Table 3. Debit PoS transactions https://scispace.com/papers/the-control-of-corynebacterium-pseudotuberculosis-infection-2p31hq3blx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-predicted-outcome-of-serologic-cla-diagnosis-in-a-1g8kwea5.png Table 4. Predicted outcome of serologic CLA diagnosis in a ewe flock tested in six different strategies, where a prevalence of 0.40 was assumed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-expected-proportion-infected-in-each-class-from-18qpbncr.png Table 3. Expected proportion infected in each class from simulations using different values of the transmission coefficients for the transmission model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-of-vaccine-efficacy-where-the-interval-34u5ahwk.png Table 2. Estimates of vaccine efficacy where the interval between vaccination and challenge was varied https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-for-transmission-model-of-c-1uq5rpi6.png Table 1. Parameters for transmission model of C. pseudotuberculosis https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-simulations-where-serological-testing-1pd9zabl.png Table 5. Results of simulations where serological testing, clinical examination and vaccination were used to control infection, where a prevalence of 0.40 was assumed. https://scispace.com/papers/the-convergence-of-the-coupled-cluster-approach-for-mgo-2klqv18daw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-summary-of-spectroscopic-constants-for-valence-and-3mk5eixm.png TABLE II: Summary of spectroscopic constants for valence and core treatment of correlation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-best-estimates-for-the-spectroscopic-constants-re-hfscy4nx.png TABLE IV: Best estimates for the spectroscopic constants. re is in Å and ωe and Te are in cm−1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-spectroscopic-constants-for-the-valence-1ezrt67c.png TABLE I: Summary of spectroscopic constants for the valence treatment of correlation. X1Σ+ a3Π https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-the-effect-of-core-correlation-1e8bjie0.png TABLE III: The effect of core correlation. https://scispace.com/papers/the-cooperative-bank-difference-before-and-after-the-global-3zbae9n6x8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-determinants-of-net-loans-total-assets-ratio-2oz247ha.png Table 5. The determinants of Net loans/total assets ratio (controlling for Mundlak between effects) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-country-breakdown-frequency-and-percentage-for-banks-2of1goxi.png Table 2. Country breakdown, frequency and percentage for banks https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-for-cooperative-and-non-1p2ns526.png Table 3. Descriptive statistics for cooperative and non cooperative banks https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-determinants-of-net-loans-total-assets-ratio-1is0lfqu.png Table 4. The determinants of Net loans/total assets ratio https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-determinants-of-value-added-growth-controlling-37pe2kpz.png Table 7. The determinants of Value added growth (controlling for Mundlak between effects – two equations system) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-dynamics-of-the-net-loans-total-assets-ratio-3d0qlvj3.png Figure 1. Time dynamics of the Net loans/total assets ratio for cooperative and non cooperative banks https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-determinants-of-value-added-growth-controlling-rcqn43g3.png Table 6. The determinants of Value added growth (controlling for Mundlak between effects) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variables-definition-source-and-level-2l3fpmux.png Table 1. Variables’ definition, source, and level https://scispace.com/papers/the-corona-limit-of-penrose-tilings-is-a-regular-decagon-54ej7eypvr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-evolution-of-growth-ca-a-on-penrose-tilings-t-10-1fywrfoc.png Fig. 5. The evolution of growth CA A on Penrose tilings (t = 10, 30 steps). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-possible-extensions-from-a-pair-l1-26vppjpr.png Fig. 12. The possible extensions from a pair L1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-possible-extension-to-the-opposite-direction-from-a-1kzum8oo.png Fig. 13. Possible extension to the opposite direction from a pair L1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-amman-bars-and-their-indices-3llels4i.png Fig. 6. Amman bars and their indices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-possible-extensions-of-a-tile-to-the-opposite-1iqymlci.png Fig. 11. Possible extensions of a tile to the opposite direction from a pair S1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-possible-extensions-from-a-pair-s1-3t49jekw.png Fig. 10. Possible extensions from a pair S1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-the-evolutions-of-a-1jud26t5.png Fig. 14. The evolutions of A+ https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-growth-speeds-sauvzzb4.png Table 1. Growth speeds. https://scispace.com/papers/the-core-value-compass-visually-evaluating-the-goodness-of-39ivzkc9ai 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-guide-for-assigning-numerical-values-to-candidate-13iw07xo.png Table 1: Guide for assigning numerical values to candidate core values https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sequential-phases-in-the-research-strategy-dv58hp3f.png Table 2: Sequential phases in the research strategy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-four-sources-of-tension-11ta83zz.png Figure 1: The four sources of tension https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-core-value-hierarchy-2kewatf0.png Figure 2: The core-value hierarchy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-corresponding-numerical-values-on-the-compass-27p84z0p.png Figure 5: Corresponding numerical values on the Compass https://scispace.com/papers/the-corporatization-process-an-owner-perspective-22w4x6i9wv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-information-regarding-the-organizations-selected-as-ezapk074.png Table 1: Information Regarding the Organizations Selected as Cases and Summary of Result of Analysis https://scispace.com/papers/the-correlation-between-the-cardiovascular-instability-and-3lhqxww5hg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-digital-subtraction-angiography-image-of-a-52-year-t42ivj22.png Figure 1. Digital subtraction angiography image of a 52-year-old male patient who received stent implantation on the left side. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlation-of-cardiovascular-parameters-and-the-3r1evi86.png Table 1. Correlation of cardiovascular parameters and the number and extension of ischaemic values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ischaemic-lesion-on-the-left-side-after-stent-2oxce9q8.png Figure 4. Ischaemic lesion on the left side after stent implantation in a 65-year-old female patient. Diffusion restriction was proved by apparent diffusion coefficient measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diffusion-weighted-magnetic-resonance-image-of-a-72-1lcktndm.png Figure 3. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance image of a 72-year-old male patient after stent implantation on the left side. Supratentorial ischaemic lesions are easily identifiable (blue arrows). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cardiovascular-parameters-in-an-anaesthesiologists-2dhz1bmb.png Figure 2. Cardiovascular parameters in an anaesthesiologist’s record. Systolic and diastolic BP values (black arrows), heart rate (orange arrow) and the moment of balloon dilatation (red arrow) were recorded. Parameters are shown in timeline (white arrow) by the record. https://scispace.com/papers/the-cosmic-ray-precursor-of-relativistic-collisionless-2te9zxep15 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-reaction-of-the-12hr1re0.png Fig. 1.—Schematic representation of the reaction of the upstream plasma to the CR streaming ahead of the shock. The figure is in the frame of the shock so that the upstream plasma moves vertically downward. An initially weak magnetic field loop is stretched by the Ampère force (Jret <B)/c and plasma is accelerated sideways as it flows toward the shock front. https://scispace.com/papers/the-cost-effectiveness-of-accelerated-partner-therapy-apt-2ygdjolweg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-base-case-results-253-30f1o39w.png Table 4. Base-case results 253 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-probabilities-applied-to-the-economic-model-163-3kdvnq3w.png Table 1 – Probabilities applied to the economic model 163 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-scenario-analysis-results-282-v8xok4cf.png Table 6. Scenario analysis results 282 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-key-deterministic-sensitivity-analysis-results-272-393pk0qg.png Table 5. Key deterministic sensitivity analysis results 272 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-key-costs-within-the-economic-model-174-1ynx8fck.png Table 2 – Key costs within the economic model 174 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-health-state-utility-values-and-durations-applied-to-1b98zyu6.png Table 3 – Health state utility values and durations applied to the economic model 191 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cost-effectiveness-acceptability-curve-between-apt-and-31i9w5oq.png Fig. 2 – Cost-effectiveness acceptability curve between APT and standard contact tracing, using 294 distributions around the accuracy data 295 https://scispace.com/papers/the-cost-of-banking-panics-in-an-age-before-too-big-to-fail-3pq48get35 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-return-versus-predicted-return-2u231oz2.png Figure 2: Average return versus predicted return https://scispace.com/papers/the-cost-of-air-pollution-in-africa-ayh3maxk1a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-19ts8419.png Table 4.1: https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-premature-deaths-from-air-pollution-in-thousands-1a1c61lb.png Table 1.1. Premature deaths from air pollution (in thousands), world-wide, 1990 and 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-premature-deaths-from-selected-major-risk-factors-3sf919jj.png Table 2.2. Premature deaths from selected major risk factors, per country, Africa, 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-premature-deaths-from-selected-major-risk-factors-300823ht.png Table 2.2. Premature deaths from selected major risk factors, per country, Africa, 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3-premature-deaths-from-air-pollution-and-growth-in-2nppi3fe.png Table 1.3. Premature deaths from air pollution and growth in urban population, Africa, at five-year intervals from 1990 to 2010, and in 2013/2015 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-4-premature-deaths-ylls-dalys-from-unsafe-water-3je18wr5.png Table 2.4. Premature deaths/YLLs/DALYs from unsafe water/sanitation, per country, Africa, 2013 (cont.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-5-premature-deaths-ylls-dalys-from-childhood-3obd2are.png Table 2.5. Premature deaths/YLLs/DALYs from childhood underweight, per country, Africa, 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-4-premature-deaths-ylls-dalys-from-unsafe-water-283yv290.png Table 2.4. Premature deaths/YLLs/DALYs from unsafe water/sanitation, per country, Africa, 2013 (cont.) https://scispace.com/papers/the-cost-of-climate-change-how-carbon-emissions-allowances-20ybxjyjha 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-subsequent-valuation-of-emissions-allowances-end-of-2pg1abve.png Table 6 Subsequent Valuation of Emissions Allowances (End of the Reporting Period) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-initial-recording-of-purchased-emissions-allowances-2x36fw0v.png Table 5 Initial Recording of Purchased Emissions Allowances https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-method-of-valuing-granted-emissions-allowances-314ey1hl.png Table 4 Method of Valuing Granted Emissions Allowances https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-recognition-of-granted-emissions-allowances-asset-fbeqfowe.png Table 3 Recognition of Granted Emissions Allowances (Asset Type) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-measurement-of-emissions-allowance-outstanding-2ynninl2.png Table 9 Measurement of Emissions Allowance Outstanding https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-determining-reasons-for-the-inclusion-of-sample-1nkvinvh.png Table 1 The Determining Reasons for the Inclusion of Sample Firms in the Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-recognition-of-emissions-obligations-3fygrtvf.png Table 7 Recognition of Emissions Obligations https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-measurement-of-emissions-allowances-held-d7jsfwvf.png Table 8 Measurement of Emissions Allowances Held https://scispace.com/papers/the-cost-of-business-cycles-under-endogenous-growth-fkzongrgv0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-consumption-paths-under-endogenous-growth-19kl1l7p.png Figure 1: Consumption Paths under Endogenous Growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-maximum-likelihood-estimates-for-markov-model-of-iqztffxa.png Table 2: Maximum Likelihood Estimates for Markov Model of Consumption Growth https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predicted-growth-rate-after-stabilization-for-a-3bgzmt03.png Figure 2: Predicted growth rate after stabilization for a given investment elasticity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-volatility-of-investment-volatility-required-to-9avbdt2n.png Figure 3: The volatility of investment volatility required to match the volatility of growth rates as a function of ψ https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-relationship-between-growth-and-volatility-in-u-3fd7trbt.png Table 1: The Relationship between Growth and Volatility in U.S. time-series data https://scispace.com/papers/the-cost-of-dishonesty-on-optimal-distributed-frequency-2gocllrlkc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-solid-lines-denote-the-transmission-lines-in-g-and-17lm2a3g.png Fig. 1. The solid lines denote the transmission lines in G, and the dashed lines depict the communication links in Gc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-frequency-behavior-and-optimal-resource-allocation-a-1ydf468q.png Fig. 2. Frequency behavior and optimal resource allocation: (a) frequency regulation (b) active power sharing in the presence of both biased information and the higher level control (c) active power sharing in the presence of biased information but in the absence of the higher level control. https://scispace.com/papers/the-cost-of-non-europe-revisited-35pobmuvns 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-goodness-of-t-for-the-2004-enlargement-i9x7r6us.png Table 6 Goodness of t for the 2004 enlargement https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-welfare-losses-from-brexit-under-di-erent-scenarios-2o0olaaf.png Table 11 Welfare losses from Brexit under di erent scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulated-vs-real-changes-following-the-2004-3aavi6t4.png Figure 3 Simulated vs real changes following the 2004 enlargement https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-gravity-results-of-european-integration-in-services-2k1lhhb5.png Table 5 Gravity results of European integration in services https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-welfare-gains-from-alternative-rtas-o76vmrpz.png Table 12 Welfare gains from alternative RTAs https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-welfare-gains-from-eu-under-di-erent-scenarios-3j5cgpt6.png Table 9 Welfare gains from EU under di erent scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gravity-results-of-european-integration-in-goods-1bmsauzi.png Table 1 Gravity results of European integration in goods https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-date-of-entry-into-force-of-various-european-3gz9r887.png Table 3 Date of entry into force of various European integration agreements (1948-2012) https://scispace.com/papers/the-coupling-of-mechanical-dynamics-and-induced-currents-in-ogjfrkkpis 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-rectangular-plate-example-with-typical-mesh-j-3iux6a4r.png Fig. 5. Rectangular plate example with typical mesh j consisting of nodes: i], ''?» 13, and i^. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-39h4c3in.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-i-l-l-us-t-ra-t-i-ve-problem-characterizations-ufg3ufkh.png Fig. 3. I l l us t ra t i ve problem characterizations: overlapping e lect r ica l meshes ( top) , e lectr ica l branch network (middle), and mechanical beam series (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-i-74qtthgg.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-hx9912kx.png TABLE III https://scispace.com/papers/the-costs-and-benefits-of-basal-infection-resistance-vs-1qxs9myb9f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-survival-curves-for-within-generation-priming-and-38bwpg5d.png Figure 3. (A) Survival curves for within-generation priming and resistance in females (n= 12 545 females/treatment/selection regime/replicate population) after 14 generations of selection. Asterisks and the 546 numbers in parentheses for I beetles denote the hazard ratios calculated from survival curves for priming 547 that are significantly greater than 1 (p<0.05; a greater hazard ratio indicates higher benefit of priming) (B) 548 Impact of evolved within-generation priming (WGIP) and resistance on female reproductive output, both 549 before (n=12 females/treatment/selection regime/replicate population) and after bacterial infection (n=5-11 550 females/treatment/selection regime/replicate population). Alphabets indicate significant changes in C 551 beetles’ post-infection reproduction after mounting a within-generation priming response. 552 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impact-of-evolved-immune-responses-on-a-total-1z8i3ll2.png Figure 4. Impact of evolved immune responses on (A) total number of eggs that hatched into larvae (egg 555 hatchability); proportion of (B) pupae at week 3 and (C) adults at week 4 as proxies for developmental rate; 556 (D) total number of viable offspring, including larvae, pupae and adults, at week 4; (n=3 females/selection 557 regime/replicate experiment). P values for the impact of selection regime are reported in each panel. 558 Significantly different groups are indicated by distinct alphabets, based on Tukey’s HSD. 559 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-offspring-survival-after-trans-generational-3hnop06g.png Figure 5. (A) Offspring survival after trans-generational immune priming (TGIP) and infection (group 561 mean survival of 4 offspring from 8-11 parental pairs/ treatment/ selection regime/ offspring sex). TGIP 562 increased offspring survival only in I regime, indicated by distinct alphabets, based on Tukey’s HSD. 563 Asterisks indicate significant increase in post-infection survival (resistance) of naïve PI beetles compared 564 to naïve C beetles. (B) Impact of evolved trans-generational priming on offspring’s reproductive output, 565 both with and without infection, for replicate populations that were handled together (group mean survival 566 of 2-4 offspring from 8-11 parental pair/ treatment/ selection regime/ offspring sex). P values for the impact 567 of selection regime on post-infection reproductive output are reported in each panel. 568 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summary-of-the-design-and-outcome-of-experimental-130debd5.png Figure 1. Summary of the design and outcome of experimental evolution of Tribolium castaneum flour 526 beetles against the bacterial pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis, previously described in Khan et al 2017a. The 527 schematic indicates beetle survival before and after 11 generations of experimental evolution, as well as the 528 evolved immune response (resistance or priming) observed in all populations of each regime. Every 529 generation, 10-day-old virgin beetles were either injected with heat-killed bacterial slurry (P & PI) or sterile 530 insect Ringer solution (C & I) (primary exposure). After six days, individuals from I and PI regimes were 531 challenged with live Bt, whereas C and P beetles were pricked with sterile insect ringer solution (secondary 532 exposure). Each selection regime included 4 independent replicate populations. In the current study, we 533 analyzed 3 replicate populations from each regime. 534 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-design-of-joint-experiments-to-assay-evolved-immune-2h5p4oyo.png Figure 2. Design of joint experiments to assay evolved immune responses and their impacts on beetle 542 reproduction. 543 https://scispace.com/papers/the-covid-19-infodemic-the-complex-task-of-elevating-signal-37m2b6ugy8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1a4u1meo.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fer3cj6t.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-38ob9975.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gxhdr97v.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-covid-19-pandemic-authoritarianism-and-rejection-of-5crba2iavn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cross-lagged-panel-model-across-three-time-points-3sdcw3au.png Figure 3. Cross-lagged panel model across three time points. The figure presents unstandardized path coefficients and 95% percentile bootstrap confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-means-and-variances-in-univariate-and-multivariate-6ye1k1wl.png Table 3 Means and Variances in Univariate and Multivariate Latent Growth Models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-means-of-authoritarianism-national-cohesion-and-2dovgdqv.png Figure 2: Means of authoritarianism, national cohesion and sexual prejudice across three waves of measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-slope-and-intercept-covariances-in-multivariate-tz8x58by.png Table 4 Slope and Intercept Covariances in Multivariate Latent Growth Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlations-among-key-variables-hcq4rxoo.png Table 1 Correlations Among Key Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fit-indices-for-univariate-and-multivariate-latent-8v919o1d.png Table 2 Fit Indices for Univariate and Multivariate Latent Growth Curve Models https://scispace.com/papers/the-creation-of-virtual-and-face-to-face-learning-3qjp4935jx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frequency-and-percentages-of-coding-categories-and-b9xtr35m.png Table 2. Frequency and Percentages of Coding Categories and Compulsory Questions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coding-scheme-for-compulsory-discussion-questions-3f2n9w2s.png Table 1. Coding Scheme for Compulsory Discussion Questions https://scispace.com/papers/the-creation-of-the-euro-and-the-role-of-the-dollar-in-12bw19ukud 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-vhhhk933.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-18d6a3y6.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-2ytr52ke.png Table 10 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2wbktrad.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-28ncc4o2.png Table 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-1eh1dty0.png Table 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hhlsr967.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3dnyvpin.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-credibility-of-the-monetary-policy-free-lunch-5e1d6zdr2t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-expectations-biased-towards-long-run-average-omega-35gthcea.png Figure 4. Expectations Biased Towards Long-Run Average omega=1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-expectations-biased-towards-current-inflation-omega-1vlpa0ng.png Figure 3. Expectations Biased Towards Current Inflation omega=1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-base-model-xptrjuuj.png Figure 1. Base model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-price-level-targeting-in-inflation-terms-2v3ztkqp.png Figure 2. Price Level Targeting in Inflation Terms https://scispace.com/figures/figures-22-european-central-bank-working-paper-series-25-32imhe3l.png Figures 22 European Central Bank working paper series 25 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-agents-do-not-believe-starting-point-delta-0-001-13xkpg3c.png Figure 5. Agents Do Not Believe Starting Point delta=0.001 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-agents-do-not-believe-growth-rate-d6dr3sq3.png Figure 6. Agents Do Not Believe Growth Rate https://scispace.com/papers/the-critical-role-of-brand-love-in-clothing-brands-4i9u5azxi4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reliability-values-descriptive-statistics-and-3aayz2jw.png Table 3: Reliability values, descriptive statistics, and correlations for the variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-research-hypothesis-results-2idpzn5o.png Table 4: Research hypothesis results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mediating-role-of-brand-love-in-the-relation-2vok5fzu.png Figure 3: Mediating Role of Brand Love in the Relation Between Brand Trust and Intention to Repurchase https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mediating-role-of-brand-love-in-the-relation-1u8x6v80.png Figure 2: Mediating Role of Brand Love in the Relation Between Brand Trust and Resistance to Negative Information https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reliability-values-factor-loadings-and-explained-1epbqxnm.png Table 1: Reliability values, factor loadings, and explained variance values for the brand trust scale https://scispace.com/papers/the-critical-wave-speed-for-the-fisher-kolmogorov-petrowskii-1f3q35oy63 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-geometry-in-chart-k1-3ixa3sz6.png Figure 2. The geometry in chart K1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-global-geometry-of-the-blown-up-vector-field-1otafp6p.png Figure 3. The global geometry of the blown-up vector field. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-geometry-in-chart-k2-udk8vpp5.png Figure 1. The geometry in chart K2. https://scispace.com/papers/the-cross-entropy-method-with-patching-for-rare-event-4tdbuxfmpq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-of-notation-for-face-dependent-cross-3i4gwzle.png Figure 3: Examples of notation for face-dependent cross-entropy with patches. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-performances-for-example-1-1r8klfzj.png Table 1: Comparison of performances for Example 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-comparison-of-performances-for-example-5-1rqexfe8.png Table 7: Comparison of performances for Example 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-jackson-network-with-3-queues-7aeqxl27.png Figure 5: Jackson Network with 3 queues. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-jackson-network-with-4-queues-2xeju33p.png Figure 6: Jackson Network with 4 queues. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-comparison-of-performances-for-example-6-3emz07cs.png Table 8: Comparison of performances for Example 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-state-space-of-the-simple-example-1cwjzk68.png Figure 1: The state space of the simple example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-jackson-network-with-5-queues-3sq8nwze.png Figure 4: Jackson Network with 5 queues. https://scispace.com/papers/the-crystal-chemistry-of-epistolite-4eln6obg94 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-and-a-proposed-scheme-of-hydrogen-bonding-is-given-3mlsvui8.png Table 7, and a proposed scheme of hydrogen bonding is given in Table 8. A table of structure factors may be obtained form the Depository of Unpublished Data, CISTI, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0S2, Canada. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-view-of-a-sheet-of-octahedra-with-adjacent-2vailrnn.png FIG. 1. General view of a sheet of octahedra with adjacent [Si2O7] units in (a) epistolite, and (b) murmanite. (TiO6) octahedra are yellow, (NaO6) octahedra are blue, (SiO4) tetrahedra are orange, (OH) groups are shown as small red circles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-linkage-of-m-1-octahedra-and-si2o7-groups-in-the-sheet-2pocc434.png FIG. 2. Linkage of M(1) octahedra and [Si2O7] groups in the sheet of heteropolyhedra in epistolite [A(3) cations are omitted for clarity]: (a) the side facing a sheet of octahedra; (b) the side facing away from the sheet of octahedra. Legend as in Figure 1, (H2O) groups are shown as large red circles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-general-view-of-the-crystal-structure-of-a-epistolite-30n1ydly.png FIG. 3. General view of the crystal structure of (a) epistolite; (b) murmanite. Legend as in Figure 1; [6]- and [8]-coordinated Na polyhedra are blue. https://scispace.com/papers/the-crucial-role-of-genome-wide-genetic-variation-in-2wxrxivzq6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-population-viability-during-bottlenecks-from-308gzsq0.png Figure 3. Population viability during bottlenecks from carrying capacity K=1,000 (left column) and K=500 (right column) to K=100 of 2 (A), 10 (B), and 50 (C) generations in length. The black line shows the proportion of extant populations. Gray lines show population size for each of 50 replicate simulations in each scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-deleterious-mutation-rates-used-in-previous-2qtij016.png Table 1. Deleterious mutation rates used in previous simulation-based analyses of inbreeding depression and genetic rescue. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-genetic-effects-of-bottlenecks-with-and-without-3au8jma2.png Figure 2. Genetic effects of bottlenecks with and without immigration. Nucleotide diversity (𝜋)(A), number of lethal equivalents (B), drift load (C), and the additive genetic variance in a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relationship-of-nucleotide-diversity-with-the-3aot4uar.png Figure 1. Relationship of nucleotide diversity (𝜋) with the inbreeding load (lethal equivalents) (A), drift load (B), and additive genetic variance in a quantitative trait (Va) (C). The data are from the 1,000th generation of 10 simulated populations with 9 different constant effective https://scispace.com/papers/the-crucial-impact-of-cerium-reduction-on-photoluminescence-38obkm68u4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-solid-state-photoluminescence-spectra-recorded-at-rt-2s8hchhp.png Fig. 2. (a) Solid-state photoluminescence spectra recorded at RT and λexc = 445 nm, for CSO-0 to CSO-96. (b) Plot of the photoluminescence quantum yields recorded at RT and λexc = 445 nm (white circles) and plot of the Ce 3+ ratios obtained by linear combination fit from the XANES spectra (black rhombi) for CSO-0 to CSO-96 (fitting curves are added to guide the eye). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ce3-ratios-obtained-from-the-xanes-spectra-of-3f37u7gc.png Table 1 Ce3+ ratios obtained from the XANES spectra of samples CSO-0 to CSO-96 by linear combination fit considering CSO-0 as fully Ce4+-doped and CSO-96 as fully Ce3+-doped https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ionic-radii-of-ca2-sc3-ce3-and-ce4-24-36sk8rmq.png Table 2 Ionic radii of Ca2+, Sc3+, Ce3+ and Ce4+[24] https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-7fp2it6n.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schemes-of-the-a-heterogeneous-model-1-and-b-2wzmppc6.png Fig. 3. Schemes of the (a) heterogeneous (model 1) and (b) homogeneous (model 2) reductions for cerium-doped phosphors. Grey color represents Ce4+-doped volumes, green color Ce3+-doped volumes and lighter green colors Ce3+/Ce4+ mixed valence volumes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-pxrd-pattern-and-rietveld-refinement-of-cso-24-20-b-1xs191mv.png Fig. 1. (a) PXRD pattern and Rietveld refinement of CSO-24.[20] (b) Diffuse reflection spectra and (c) Normalized L3 XANES spectra for samples CSO-0 to CSO-96. (d) Radial distribution functions of the Ce4+ standard (CeO2, blue line), the Ce 3+ standard (CePO4.0.5H2O, red line), the non-reduced sample (black line) and the strongly reduced sample (orange line). https://scispace.com/papers/the-crystal-structure-of-olshanskyite-acsx6d612e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-anionic-group-b3o3-oh-6-3-and-its-bonds-with-sa8vxafd.png FIG. 3. The anionic group [B3O3(OH)6]3– and its bonds with calcium. Note that the three tetrahedra are bonded differently to Ca atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-network-of-ca-polyhedra-in-the-plane-100-the-d04cgaol.png FIG. 4. The network of Ca polyhedra in the plane (100). The connections among calcium polyhedra define a network of eight-membered rings. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-formula-unit-density-and-unit-cell-of-olshanskyite-8k4u7g4l.png TABLE 5. FORMULA UNIT, DENSITY AND UNIT CELL OF OLSHANSKYITE: COMPARISON BETWEEN THE OLD AND NEW RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-projection-of-the-structure-of-olshanskyite-along-001-1bymo7ff.png FIG. 1. Projection of the structure of olshanskyite along [001]. H atoms are not drawn. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-projection-of-the-structure-of-olshanskyite-along-100-2osc03c6.png FIG. 2. Projection of the structure of olshanskyite along [100]. Only bonds in which H atoms are involved are traced. The lines indicate the traces of three planes parallel to (01̄1) on which are located, respectively, the centers of borate tetrahedra (dotted line), Ca atoms (dash-dotted line), and the oxygen atoms of H2O molecules and the unique hydroxyl group (dashed line). https://scispace.com/papers/the-crystalline-enol-of-1-3-cyclohexanedione-and-its-complex-rqkm5qpnmy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-the-observed-and-calculated-ins-194zytru.png Figure 7. Comparison of the observed and calculated INS spectra of CHD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chd-chain-and-chd6bz-cyclamer-structures-30n2lxrg.png Figure 1. CHD chain and CHD6Bz cyclamer structures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-trends-in-structural-changes-a-variation-of-the-1lh8kje6.png Figure 8. Trends in structural changes. (A) Variation of the hydrogen bonding O-O distance with the reciprocal of the chain length and comparison with infinite chain calculations and experiment. The two values for the one-dimensional DMol1 calculations correspond to different values of the periodic limits with the upper point being for S ) 13.855 Å unit cell spacing and the lower point being for the optimized unit cell spacing where S) 13.78 Å. (B) Variation in the difference in carbon-carbon bond lengths with reciprocal cluster length compared to experiment and infinite chain calculations. (C) Variation in carboncarbon bond length difference with O-O hydrogen bonded distance. The left and right points for the DMol1 calculation are for the two periodic spacing values of (A). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calculated-and-experimental-bond-lengths-for-oyqgkbi1.png TABLE 1: Calculated and Experimental Bond Lengths for Cyclohexanedione and Its Benzene Complex. All Bond Lengths in Angstroms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-ins-spectra-of-chd-and-chd6bz-d6-1nslk3m1.png Figure 4. Comparison of the INS spectra of CHD and CHD6Bz-d6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-calculated-and-observed-ins-2f5b3azq.png Figure 5. Comparison of the calculated and observed INS spectra of CHD6Bz. The calculation is a B3LYP/6-31G** calculation performed by Jaguar.27 Calculation in red; experiment in blue. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-ins-ir-and-raman-spectra-of-chd6bz-and-the-ins-x7yir1qt.png Figure 3. The INS, IR, and Raman spectra of CHD6Bz and the INS spectrum of CHD6Bz-d6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-expanded-version-of-the-ins-spectrum-of-chd6bz-in-3t5e23s8.png Figure 6. Expanded version of the INS spectrum of CHD6Bz in the low-frequency region with addition of FCS data for a sample temperature of 200 K. FCS, green; TOSCA, blue; calc, red. https://scispace.com/papers/the-cultural-dimensions-in-supply-chain-management-research-1o1kvg2u3t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-research-papers-by-methodology-2x7l8deh.png Table 2 Research papers by methodology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-multilevel-cultural-dimensions-framework-for-scm-om-1m8leegz.png Figure 2 Multilevel cultural dimensions’ framework for SCM/OM research https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-leading-papers-according-to-citation-measure-1blp0evg.png Table 1 The leading papers according to citation measure https://scispace.com/papers/the-cultivation-of-acanthamoeba-using-with-different-axenic-q8k5so5uk1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reproduction-of-acanthamoeba-in-roswell-park-1vz3l1rn.png Table 2 Reproduction of Acanthamoeba in Roswell park memorial institute (RPMI-1640), Trypticase beef hemoglobin media (TBH), Encystation media (EM), Mycological peptone-maltose (MPM), and Peptone yeast extract glucose (PYG) axenic media. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-genbank-accession-number-species-genotype-and-3fx073bj.png Table 1 GenBank accession number, species, genotype and isolation sources of Acanthamoeba strains. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-reproduction-of-acanthamoeba-in-nonnutrient-9s9cjcvg.png Figure 2 The reproduction of Acanthamoeba in nonnutrient with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Enterobacter aerogenes (E. aerogenes), Staphylococcus aeureus (S. aeureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumonia) monoxenic media. The figure was performed comparing the values of different media for each time. https://scispace.com/papers/the-cultural-dynamics-of-urban-food-governance-s6ntdahn1m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-synthesis-of-food-governance-innovations-by-city-3ow2uvpo.png Table 1. A synthesis of food governance innovations by city/network https://scispace.com/papers/the-culture-of-belief-and-the-politics-of-religion-2sclelyluy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-religions-impact-on-american-life-3hlao6i8.png TABLE 1 RELIGION’S IMPACT ON AMERICAN LIFE https://scispace.com/papers/the-curcumin-analog-dm-1-induces-apoptotic-cell-death-in-bp7ti1q24u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-tumor-growth-of-mice-bearing-b16f10-melanoma-after-32m8fed7.png Figure 7 - Tumor growth of mice bearing B16F10 melanoma after DTIC, DM-1 or DTIC+DM-1 treatment in comparison to control group. (A) Tumor area measurements were obtained subsequent to the 14th day of tumor inoculation during 14 treatment days. The tumor burden is represented next to each respective treatment lin . The values are expressed as mean ± s.d.; (B) Survival rate of mice bearing B16F10 melanoma subsequent to the 14th day of tumor inoculation during 14 treatment days. Significance is indicated by: ***p<0.001 compared to control; &p<0.05 to compare DTIC+DM-1 and DM-1 groups; ###p<0.001 to compare DTIC+DM-1 and DTIC groups. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representative-histograms-of-b16f10-melanoma-cells-20448p54.png Figure 1 – Representative histograms of B16F10 melanoma cells (A) control, (B) DTIC, (C) DM-1 and melanocytes (E) control, (F) DTIC, (G) DM-1 stained with annexin-V (FL-1H axis X) and propidium iodide (FL-2H axis Y) for cell death quantification. The distribution (mean±s.d.) is the number of viable, necrotic and apoptotic (D) B16F10 melanoma cells and (G) melanocytes. ns: not significant compared to the control. *p<0.05 and ***p<0.001 compared to control. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-representative-overlaps-of-fluorescence-i-tensity-1qmusmrs.png Figure 2 – Representative overlaps of fluorescence i tensity from melanoma cells and normal melanocytes stained with Rhodamine 123 and analyzed by flow cytometry. The overlaps represent the B16F10 melanoma cells treated with (A) DTIC and (B) DM-1 and the melanocytes treated with (D) DTIC and (E) DM-1. The https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-malondialdehyde-production-after-dtic-a-and-dm-1-b-29p96jxs.png Figure 5 - Malondialdehyde production after DTIC (A) and DM-1 (B) treatment in B16F10 melanoma cells, and (C) DTIC and (D) DM-1 treatment in melanocytes at different concentrations compared to the control. ns: not significant compared to the control. **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 compared to the control. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-expression-of-cell-cycle-regulator-markers-in-223n5cae.png Figure 6 - Expression of cell cycle regulator markers in melanoma cells and normal melanocytes (normalized values of the mean ± s.d.) by flow cytometry. Cyclin D1 expression after DTIC and DM-1 treatment compared to the control in (A) B16F10 melanoma cells and (B)melanocytes. Ki67 expression after DTIC and DM-1 treatment compared to the control in (C) B16F10 melanoma cells and (D) melanocytes. ns: not significant compared to the control. **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001 compared to the control. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-expression-of-apoptotic-markers-in-melanoma-cells-1jscswjm.png Figure 4 - Expression of apoptotic markers in melanoma cells and normal melanocytes (normalized values of the mean ± s.d.) by flow cytometry. Cleaved caspase 8 expression after DTIC and DM-1 treatment compared to the control in (A) B16F10 melanoma cells and (B) melanocytes. TNF-R1 expression after DTIC and DM-1 treatment compared to the control in (C) B16F10 melanoma cells and (D) melanocytes. ns: not significant compared to the control. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001 compared to the control. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-detection-of-apoptotic-cells-by-hoechst-33342-2stvy701.png Figure 3 – Detection of apoptotic cells by Hoechst 33342 staining. A375 human melanoma cells (A) control and treated for 24 h with (B) DTIC (IC50 – 548 µM), (C) DM-1 (IC50 – 65 µM) or (D) a combination of DTIC (5 µM) + DM-1 (5 µM) (400x magnification). The inset rpresents the cell confluence (100x magnification). https://scispace.com/papers/the-current-acridine-solid-form-landscape-eight-polymorphs-2xeqg0lu7g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-structure-of-acridine-form-vii-p21-n-z-2-9-shadings-3allccot.png Figure 4. Structure of acridine form VII (P21/n, Z’=2). 9 Shadings as used in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-crystal-energies-relative-to-form-ix-for-the-2f04ehpa.png Figure 9: Crystal energies relative to form IX for the polymorphs and lowest energy unobserved CSP structure. On the left, Elatt are static (0 K) energies relative to infinite separation of the molecules, with “Rigid” denoting the intermolecular potential method used in the CSP (Fig. 8), “PBE-TS” denoting periodic electronic structure optimizations (SI), and “PBE-MBD*” the energy at that structure calculated with the MBD* dispersion correction. The right side compares the Helmholtz free energy estimated at 298 K within the rigid molecule harmonic approximation, based on the original intermolecular potential. (Form IV, with Z’=3, caused difficulties in evaluating all the low frequency modes; therefore results for this form are not available). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representations-of-the-structure-of-acridine-form-1osssjbb.png Figure 1. Representations of the structure of acridine form II (P21/n, Z’=1). (a) Stick model of crystal structure.9,24 C and H atoms are depicted in grey, N is blue. The salmon-colored lines represent contacts between atoms that are closer than the sum of their van der Waals radii. (b) Hirshfeld surface of a molecule, shaded according to dnorm. 25 (c) Hirshfeld fingerprints of all atoms and (d-g) specific atom pairs on the grey background of all atom interactions.25 In (e) and (f) the region above the diagonal generally has an internal H atom in contact with an external C or N atom respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-representations-of-the-structure-of-acridine-form-101jgnpv.png Figure 3. Representations of the structure of acridine form III (P21/c Z’=2). 10 In panels (a,b), molecule 1 has a darker shade of grey, and molecule 2 is lighter; N is blue, and the salmoncolored lines represent pairs of atoms that are closer than the sum of their van der Waals radii. One side of each HS and all atom HFP are shown for the two independent molecules. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-crystal-forms-of-acridine-and-their-designation-in-1lsmhq18.png Table 1. Crystal forms of acridine and their designation in various publications. Space groups and lattice parameters are given in the published settings, which are not always the standard ones. Ambient temperature except as noted. CSD refcodes are given for all published structures; in bold face for lattice parameters listed here. Entries in italics contain crystallographic data only as literature citations. Entries in red represent different designations of the crystal forms than those used here or in the CSD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-structure-of-acridine-form-iv-p212121-z-3-10-in-3b2wnqqp.png Figure 6. Structure of acridine form IV (P212121, Z’=3). 10 In panel (a) molecule 1 is darkest, molecule 2 is intermediate, and molecule 3 is lightest. (b) shows the chain structure with molecule 3 removed for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-summary-of-the-crystal-structure-prediction-study-3hxcl3mz.png Figure 8. Summary of the crystal structure prediction study, showing the lattice energy and density of the low-energy computer generated Z’ = 1 structures (black dots) and all observed forms (red crosses) of acridine. The lattice energies and densities correspond to the static (T = 0, P = 0) relaxed structures and so they can differ from the experimental values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-structure-of-acridine-form-vi-cc-z-2-9-shadings-as-2n3h892y.png Figure 5. Structure of acridine form VI (Cc Z’=2).9 Shadings as used in Fig. 3. Note that the N atoms are all pointing out of the page. Two views are given of each HS to show all short contacts. https://scispace.com/papers/the-current-account-as-a-dynamic-portfolio-choice-problem-ibu7xfna0w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-bilateral-current-account-u-s-and-japan-hb3dkaa2.png Figure I. Bilateral Current Account: U.S. and Japan https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-regression-analysis-actual-bilateral-current-account-2nw7jken.png Table V. Regression Analysis: Actual Bilateral Current Account vs. Optimal Portfolio Shares Panel B. Japanese Investors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-ii-u-s-current-account-and-u-s-and-japan-bilateral-e48wlz2q.png Figure II. U.S. Current Account and U.S. and Japan Bilateral Current Account https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-regression-analysis-actual-vs-predicted-bilateral-2wh2dky8.png Table VI. Regression Analysis: Actual vs. Predicted Bilateral Current Account https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-regression-analysis-actual-vs-brid-predicted-3msriyqa.png Table VII. Regression Analysis: Actual vs. brid Predicted Bilateral Current AccountHy https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-var-estimation-1ida05fk.png Table III. VAR Estimation https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-summary-statistics-1lqsnh8g.png Table II. Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-summary-statistics-of-expected-real-asset-returns-2c4s44ge.png Table IV. Summary Statistics of Expected Real Asset Returns https://scispace.com/papers/the-current-cyclone-early-warning-system-in-bangladesh-1khgfzxef1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-thematic-map-showing-three-final-themes-marked-using-1whv8e29.png Fig. 2. Thematic map showing three final themes (marked using ellipses) and relevant codes (marked using rectangles). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-components-representing-the-causes-of-non-evacuation-3th0y8e9.png Table 3 Components representing the causes of non-evacuation (extracted using PCA) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-points-at-which-tc-sidr-and-mahasen-crossed-the-1dxjzxq5.png Fig. 3. a. Points at which TC Sidr and Mahasen crossed the coastline, b. studied unions in Bagerhat, and c. studied unions in Patuakhali. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-the-maritime-ports-and-their-command-areas-sxmxeupr.png Fig. 1. Location of the maritime ports and their command areas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-individual-non-evacuation-reason-s-variance-zyrmd1dr.png Table 4 Individual non-evacuation reason's variance explained by the principal components https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-basic-flowchart-of-tc-forecasting-at-bmd-2otqibpn.png Fig. 5. The basic flowchart of TC forecasting at BMD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-gps-positions-of-the-respondents-households-and-3oen2rbi.png Fig. 4. GPS positions of the respondents’ households and cyclone shelters, a. in Patuakhali and b. in Bagerhat. c. Illustrates percentages of the respondents’ households that are located within one, two, three, or out of three kilometers of a cyclone shelter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-individual-reasons-contribution-to-non-evacuation-a-233y2at5.png Fig. 6. Individual reason’s contribution to non-evacuation, a. among the respondents in Bagerhat, and b. among the respondents in Patuakhali. Frequencies in figures a. and b. were obtained by dividing the participants’ response for individual non-evacuation reason using the sum of responses for all non-evacuation reasons. https://scispace.com/papers/the-cyclicality-of-the-income-elasticity-of-trade-2ztbq7426s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-income-elasticity-main-facts-1bpljp0f.png Table 1: Income elasticity: main facts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-decomposition-of-the-income-elasticity-of-world-3s8q1reh.png Figure 3: Decomposition of the income elasticity of world trade (1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-decomposition-of-world-real-gdp-growth-1-3pdivj49.png Figure 4: Decomposition of world real GDP growth (1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-income-elasticity-and-cyclical-shocks-the-model-and-92wcf3cs.png Figure 2: Income elasticity and cyclical shocks: the model and the data (1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-between-forecast-errors-imf-vs-model-1s7jj60r.png Figure 6: Comparison between forecast errors: IMF vs. model predictions (1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-income-elasticity-correcting-the-forecasts-for-the-2atertse.png Table 4: Income elasticity: correcting the forecasts for the cycle (1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlations-of-the-cycle-component-of-the-income-37l5xdm0.png Table 5: Correlations of the cycle component of the income elasticity with different components of the growth rate of imports (1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-squared-forecast-error-on-world-import-growth-iz95dliq.png Figure 5: Mean squared forecast error on world import growth and its components (1) https://scispace.com/papers/the-cyclicality-of-consumption-wages-and-employment-of-the-36uwf0dvn4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-euro-area-correlation-between-real-gdp-and-real-2vpmxc90.png Table 1: Euro area: correlation between real GDP and real compensation of employees, all methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-germany-pre-maastricht-combination-of-correlations-31v4zcbe.png Table 5: Germany (pre-Maastricht): combination of correlations across all methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-the-netherlands-combination-of-correlations-across-11axc5h2.png Table 9: The Netherlands: combination of correlations across all methods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-euro-area-correlation-between-real-gdp-and-the-1evkx1ma.png Figure 3: Euro area: correlation between real GDP and the unemployment rate with the six fiscal variables. CCFs computed with all detrending/prewhitening methods (thin lines) and summary Fisher transformation (thick line). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-euro-area-pre-maastricht-combination-of-correlations-1salj6je.png Table 3: Euro area (pre-Maastricht): combination of correlations across all methods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-some-facts-about-public-wage-expenditure-i-average-228szelw.png Figure 1: Some facts about public wage expenditure I (average 2000-2005) https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-united-states-combination-of-correlations-across-3med03d5.png Table 11: United States: combination of correlations across all methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-italy-combination-of-correlations-across-all-methods-26sea45f.png Table 7: Italy: combination of correlations across all methods https://scispace.com/papers/the-cylindrical-fourier-transform-57qflt3206 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-thee1e3-component-of-the-cylindrical-fourier-spectrum-2zt88289.png Fig. 5 Thee1e3-component of the cylindrical Fourier spectrum of the characteristic function of a geodesic triangle onS2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-in-case-of-the-cylindrical-fourier-transform-for-fixed-3kqdxp4u.png Fig. 1 In case of the cylindrical Fourier transform, for fixed ξ , the phase|x∧ ξ | is constant on co-axial cylinders. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-thee1e2-component-of-the-cylindrical-fourier-spectrum-3vxsgptr.png Fig. 4 Thee1e2-component of the cylindrical Fourier spectrum of the characteristic function of a geodesic triangle onS2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-real-part-of-the-cylindrical-fourier-spectrum-of-16djiphx.png Fig. 3 The real part of the cylindrical Fourier spectrum of the characteristic function of a geodesic triangle onS2. https://scispace.com/papers/the-damaging-effects-of-noise-and-ethyl-benzene-on-hearing-4fynuxij4q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-correlation-analysis-and-of-orthogonal-1ub3lq34.png Table 1. Results of correlation analysis and of orthogonal regression analysis of electrophysiological on behavioural thresholds, applied to the four sets of data shown in Figure 2, and the resulting estimate of ß (Eq. 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistical-evaluation-anova-of-the-reflex-1i5crrkd.png Table 1. Results of correlation analysis and of orthogonal regression analysis of electrophysiological on behavioural thresholds, applied to the four sets of data shown in Figure 2, and the resulting estimate of ß (Eq. 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-post-hoc-tukey-hsd-test-on-the-interaction-between-u3osfllr.png Table 4. Post hoc Tukey HSD test on the interaction between ethyl benzene and noise concerning OHC loss (based on midmodiolar sections). *=P<0.05; **=P<0.01; n.s. not significant; - irrelevant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-arrangement-of-the-experimental-groups-into-the-30ho9h9x.png Table 1. Results of correlation analysis and of orthogonal regression analysis of electrophysiological on behavioural thresholds, applied to the four sets of data shown in Figure 2, and the resulting estimate of ß (Eq. 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-synergy-test-on-cytococleogram-data-per-ohc-row-p-0-2c3s4hd8.png Table 6. Synergy test on cytococleogram data per OHC row. *=P<0.05, **=P<0.01; n.s.: not significant (null hypothesis accepted). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-post-hoc-tukey-hsd-test-on-the-interaction-between-3i3v6g18.png Table 5. Post hoc Tukey HSD test on the interaction between ethyl benzene and noise concerning hair cell loss (based on cytocochleograms but collapsed over hair cell row and frequency). *=P<0.05; **=P<0.01; n.s. not significant; - irrelevant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-post-hoc-tukey-hsd-test-on-the-interaction-between-2krpctuw.png Table 3. Post hoc Tukey HSD test on the interaction between ethyl benzene and noise concerning CAP hearing loss. *=P<0.05; **=P<0.01; n.s. not significant; - irrelevant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-outer-hair-cell-counts-at-5-positions-along-the-1gd6ddzl.png Figure 7. Outer hair cell counts at 5 positions along the basilar membrane. Data are expressed as the percentage of outer hair cells remaining (± S.E.M.) per transection. Note the loss of outer hair cells in the exposed group, predominantly in the mid-frequency region. https://scispace.com/papers/the-d-d-neutron-generator-as-an-alternative-to-am-li-3wh77sulxy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-expected-measurement-precision-as-a-function-of-2g1do489.png Figure 28. Expected measurement precision as a function of 235 Ueffective mass for the modified LV-AWCC operated in the AWCC and delayed neutron counting (shuffler) modes (1800 s assay time, 2.2E6 n/s D-D neutron interrogation rate). The performance for all three methodologies is based on a fast interrogation mode configuration. The scatter in the DD/AWCC data is related to the enrichment dependence of the measurement and is not statistical in nature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-plot-of-the-simulated-coincidence-rates-for-a-3ilqfeos.png Figure 6. Plot of the simulated coincidence rates for a series of U3O8 samples of 93% enriched uranium as a function of 235 U mass from the LV-AWCC system with D-D neutron interrogating source (2E5 n/s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-plot-of-the-simulated-coincidence-rates-for-a-9w01b789.png Figure 7. Plot of the simulated coincidence rates for a series of U3O8 samples of various enrichments as a function of 235 U mass from the LV-AWCC system with D-D neutron interrogating source (2E5 n/s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-plot-of-the-simulated-coincidence-rates-for-a-38sx27ry.png Figure 8. Plot of the simulated coincidence rates for a series of U3O8 samples of various enrichments as a function of 235 U effective mass from the LV-AWCC system with D-D neutron interrogating source (2E5 n/s interrogation rate). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-41-expected-measurement-precision-as-a-function-of-2ji3qslh.png Figure 41. Expected measurement precision as a function of 235 Ueffective mass for the modified LV-AWCC operated in the AWCC and DN counting modes (1800 s assay time, 250 Hz interrogation rate). Note that the performance for all three methodologies is based on a fast interrogation mode configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rendering-of-the-mcnp-input-file-for-the-modified-137occvd.png Figure 3. Rendering of the MCNP input file for the modified LV-AWCC. A shield and modified end-plug have been fitted to the LV-AWCC to accommodate the neutron generator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-photograph-of-the-complete-mp320-system-left-and-2bop2jfo.png Figure 2. Photograph of the complete MP320 system (left) and the MP320 D-D neutron generator tube detached from the controller (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-32-diagram-showing-the-electronics-configuration-for-1welx60j.png Figure 32. Diagram showing the electronics configuration for the DD-AWCC configured for the fast pulse mode delayed neutron counting. https://scispace.com/papers/the-d614g-mutation-in-the-sars-cov2-spike-protein-increases-k0t5jjcvij 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-d614g-infectivity-enhancement-in-pseudotyped-33uawuh2.png Figure 2. D614G infectivity enhancement in pseudotyped lentiviral vectors. (A) Lentiviral vector pBOB-CAG-GFP was pseudotyped with either WT Spike or D614G Spike, titered and normalized by the level of HIV p24 Gag protein and used to infect control 293T, and 293T cells stably expressing mouse ACE2 or human ACE2. Fluorescence microscopy of GFP (top) and FACS quantification (bottom) are shown. The D614G mutation https://scispace.com/papers/the-cystic-fibrosis-microbiome-in-an-ecological-perspective-tlasq1wfvh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-genus-of-microorganisms-identified-in-respiratory-1lmr5wbp.png Fig. 3 Genus of microorganisms identified in respiratory tracts of patients with CF (lung image adapted from http://lungdiseasenews.com) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mechanism-of-the-cf-pulmonary-disease-in-the-lungs-the-1hr7jlal.png Fig. 1 Mechanism of the CF pulmonary disease. In the lungs, the defective chloride ion transport results in the decrease of the volume of the periciliary fluid, compromising the mucociliary clearance and triggering the overproduction of dehydrated and viscous mucus. This leads to the persistent colonization of bacteria in the lungs, and the physiologic consequences are persistent inflammatory responses, obstructive lung physiology, respiratory insufficiency, which ultimately results in death from chronic respiratory failure. Adapted from Kirkby et al. (2011) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-antibiotic-therapy-used-for-bacterial-species-most-369vcu23.png Table 3 Antibiotic therapy used for bacterial species most commonly associated with CF airway disease (Döring et al. 2012) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bacterial-species-most-commonly-associated-with-cf-3w1c2uz2.png Table 1 Bacterial species most commonly associated with CF airway disease https://scispace.com/papers/the-dance-of-the-interneurons-how-inhibition-facilitates-437mhkv5p1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-parameters-used-for-the-shot-ca3-neurons-the-315hf5gu.png Table 1: The parameters used for the SHOT/CA3 neurons, the reversion interneurons, and CA1/RO excitatory and inhibitory populations. For all networks, we use an integration time step of dt = 0.05 ms and Euler integration. Some of the parameters are not applicable (N/A) to all neuron models. Also note that the background current to neurons can also vary depending on the presence/absence of septal inputs. See Further Methods for Figures for more details. https://scispace.com/papers/the-dark-matter-distributions-in-low-mass-disk-galaxies-i-ha-339ieg1v6b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-from-left-to-right-r-band-image-total-ha-flux-from-1gmt5o5f.png Figure 2. From left to right: r-band image, total Hα flux from PCWI (with contours from photometry in green), and velocity field derived from the PCWI data with Vsys removed. Corresponding images for each of the 26 galaxies can be found in the bottom panels of the Appendix figures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-continued-13vc56qf.png Figure 6. (Continued.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-continued-xstww72z.png Figure 12. (Continued.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-continued-1886q131.png Figure 12. (Continued.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-galaxies-ngc-746-ngc-853-ngc-949-ngc-959-ngc-1012-jegj9mfh.png Figure 9. Galaxies NGC 746, NGC 853, NGC 949, NGC 959, NGC 1012, and NGC 1035. For each, the top panel shows the Hα rotation curve, while the bottom panels (from left to right) show the r-band image, total Hα flux (with contours from photometry), and velocity field. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-galaxies-ngc-4632-ngc-5303-ngc-5692-ngc-5949-ngc-1d3nbqtg.png Figure 11. Galaxies NGC 4632, NGC 5303, NGC 5692, NGC 5949, NGC 6106, and NGC 6207. For each, the top panel shows the Hα rotation curve, while the bottom panels (from left to right) shows the r-band image, total Hα flux (with contours from photometry), and velocity field. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameters-photometric-vs-kinematic-diskfit-1wtaz6b8.png Table 3 Parameters: Photometric vs. Kinematic (DiskFit) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-continued-1h6wtkga.png Figure 11. Galaxies NGC 4632, NGC 5303, NGC 5692, NGC 5949, NGC 6106, and NGC 6207. For each, the top panel shows the Hα rotation curve, while the bottom panels (from left to right) shows the r-band image, total Hα flux (with contours from photometry), and velocity field. https://scispace.com/papers/the-dark-tetrad-traits-and-problematic-online-gaming-the-2bnsbpbp3f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-final-four-models-for-each-personality-dimension-of-2no8sloz.png Figure 1. Final four models (for each personality dimension) of the path coefficients between variables among total sample. All variables in model are observed variables. The first value (left) in brackets describe the model path coefficient in which Machiavellianism is independent variable, whereas second, third and fourth values represent path coefficients of models in which psychopathy, narcissism and sadism are independent variables respectively. Amount of online gaming was included as control variable. For clarity, covariances between errors of mediator variables have not been depicted in figure. All path coefficients on simple arrows are significant; https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-and-correlations-of-the-study-1y03u0un.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics and correlations of the study variables. https://scispace.com/papers/the-dark-tetrad-traits-and-problematic-social-media-use-the-qhseum9okt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-standardized-estimates-of-total-direct-and-indirect-69mie45i.png Table 2. Standardized estimates of total, direct, and indirect effects on problematic social media use for overall sample and men and women. https://scispace.com/papers/the-dark-side-of-transparency-in-developing-countries-the-309pz12n56 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-discontinuity-manipulation-test-9784jdtb.png Table 5: Regression Discontinuity Manipulation Test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mccray-density-plot-3s073rfz.png Figure 1. McCray Density Plot https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-semi-structured-surveys-34113eof.png Table 6: Semi-Structured Surveys https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-afs-and-firm-corruption-obstacle-institutional-87823pun.png Table 8: AFS and Firm Corruption Obstacle: Institutional Developments https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-afs-and-firm-corruption-obstacles-panel-analysis-28bl24xf.png Table 4: AFS and Firm Corruption Obstacles: Panel Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-afs-and-firm-corruption-obstacles-specific-measures-2ubuc3im.png Table 7: AFS and Firm Corruption Obstacles: Specific Measures of Corruption https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-afs-and-firm-corruption-obstacle-1v2l9vhj.png Table 2: AFS and Firm Corruption Obstacle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-corruption-obstacles-around-the-auditing-threshold-14wpywba.png Figure 2. Corruption Obstacles around the Auditing Threshold https://scispace.com/papers/the-decay-of-magnetohydrodynamic-turbulence-in-a-confined-3nhjf378rl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scolor-onlined-time-evolution-of-the-average-alignment-2w9j1cxn.png FIG. 4. sColor onlined Time evolution of the average alignment cos u, between the magnetic field and the velocity field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-scolor-onlined-probability-density-of-cos-u-at-t-40-t-f8f08gjv.png FIG. 5. sColor onlined Probability density of cos u at t=40, t=450, and t=1250 in regime IV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-scolor-onlined-time-evolution-of-the-total-energy-in-2bt1njcy.png FIG. 6. sColor onlined Time evolution of the total energy in log-log scale stopd and in log-lin scale sbottomd. The solid line stopd corresponds to t−0.4 and the dotted line stopd corresponds to t−0.6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-scolor-onlined-current-density-at-different-instants-2ef3qbiz.png FIG. 8. sColor onlined Current density at different instants in the circular domain. From top to bottom: Regime I, regime II, regime III, and regime IV. From left to right: t=5, t=40 and in the last column the time corresponds to t=450 for regime I and t=1250 for regimes II, III, and IV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-scolor-onlined-vorticity-at-different-instants-in-the-3bu3nldi.png FIG. 7. sColor onlined Vorticity at different instants in the circular domain. From top to bottom: Regime I, regime II, regime III, and regime IV. From left to right: t=5, t=40 and in the last column the time corresponds to t =450 for regime I and t=1250 for regimes II, III, and IV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-computational-domain-is-a-square-box-of-size-2p-11noqn42.png FIG. 1. The computational domain is a square box of size 2p. The fluid domain V f is a circular container with radius r= 19 20 p, surrounded by the solid domain Vs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-scolor-onlined-scatter-plot-of-v-vs-c-at-three-1r6xmq2h.png FIG. 10. sColor onlined Scatter plot of v vs c at three different instants in regime I. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-scolor-onlined-scatter-plots-of-sfrom-left-to-rightd-v-3kn4cvxu.png FIG. 9. sColor onlined Scatter plots of sfrom left to rightd v vs c, a vs c, and a vs j for regimes sfrom top to bottomd I, II, III, and IV at the latest time instant t=450 for regime I and t=1250 for regimes II, III, and IV. https://scispace.com/papers/the-dcc-curation-lifecycle-model-537j04w38t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-dcc-curation-lifecycle-model-394e6i67.png Figure 1. The DCC Curation Lifecycle Model. https://scispace.com/papers/the-daxx-srebp-axis-promotes-oncogenic-lipogenesis-and-47ste9unrt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-daxx-activates-srebp-mediated-transcription-and-2qpedf48.png Figure 5. DAXX activates SREBP-mediated transcription and occupies the promoters of lipogenic genes. (A) MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with a luciferase reporter driven by a promoter fragment from the SREBF2 gene along with mature SREBP2, SREBP1a, SREBP1c, or wt DAXX cDNA as indicated. Dual luciferase assays were done. (B) ChIP-seq signal intensity heat maps in MDA-MB-231 control and DAXX OE cell lines; signals are centralized to transcriptional start sites (TSS). (C) The genome-wide distribution of DAXX chromatin occupancy. (D) Motifs enriched as determined by the DAXX ChIP-seq dataset of MDA-MB-231 DAXX OE cells. (E) MDA-MB-231 cells stably expressing WT DAXX were subjected to ChIP with a control IgG and an anti-DAXX antibody. The precipitated DNAs were subjected to qPCR with primers speci c to promoter regions of the indicated genes. (F) SREBP2 is critical for DAXX to bind lipogenic gene promoters. MDA-MB-231 cells with a control vector or a SREBP2 shRNA vector were subjected to ChIP with a control IgG, or an anti-DAXX antibody followed by qPCR with primers speci c to the indicated gene promoters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-daxx-srebp-interaction-is-critical-for-1e50wog2.png Figure 7. The DAXX-SREBP interaction is critical for lipogenesis and tumor growth. (A) Relative 854 mRNA levels of DAXX in MDA-MB-231 cells expressing the WT or del 327-335 mutant cDNA of 855 DAXX as determined by RT-qPCR. (B) Protein levels of DAXX in control cells and those with 856 DAXX KD, WT and del 327-335 mutant cDNA of DAXX. (C) The DAXX del 327-337 mutant 857 impaired de novo lipogenesis. Serum-starved cells were labeled with [14C] acetate and total lipids 858 were isolated. Radioactivity was counted and normalized against total protein level. (D) PCA of 859 lipidomes in MDA-MB-231 cells expressing the del327-335 mutant and WT DAXX. Each dot 860 represents a sample (n=4). (E) Hierarchical clustering heatmap analysis of global lipidomes in 861 cells expressing the del327-335 mutant and WT DAXX. (F) Hierarchical clustering heatmap 862 analysis of glycerolipid molecules that were highly differentially expressed between MDA-MB-231 863 cells with the del 327-335 mutant and wt DAXX. (G) Hierarchical clustering heatmap analysis of 864 glycerophospholipid molecules that were highly differentially expressed between MDA-MB-231 865 cells with the del 327-335 mutant and WT DAXX. (H) Bar graphs of relative normalized 866 abundance of specific lipids in MDA-MB-231 cells expressing the del 327-335 mutant and WT 867 DAXX. (I) MDA-MB-231 cells expressing the del 327-335 mutant and WT DAXX were 868 xenografted into mammary fat pads of female NSG mice. Representative images of dissected 869 tumors are shown. The final tumor weights are plotted. (J) A cartoon depicting the importance 870 of DAXX-SREBP interaction for lipogenesis and tumorigenesis. The p values were calculated (vs. 871 control) based on Student’s t-test. *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01. 872 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-daxx-promotes-lipogenesis-in-cancer-cells-a-v9p8b893.png Figure 2. DAXX promotes lipogenesis in cancer cells. (A) Principal component analysis comparing lipidomes of MDA-MB-231 cells (CTL, DAXX KD and OE). Each dot represents a sample (n=6). (B) Hierarchical clustering heatmap analysis of the 60 most di erentially expressed lipid molecules in CTL, KD and OE MDA-MB-231 cells. (C) Signi cantly altered lipid pathways in MDA-MB-231 cells with DAXX OE that were identi ed using the KEGG pathway library with an FDR <0.05 and a pathway impact >0.5. The color and size of the circle denote p value and pathway impact respectively. The largest red circle indicates the most signi cantly a ected pathway. (D) An immunoblotting analysis of MDA-MB-468 cells with a control vector (CTL), DAXX shRNA (KD), and DAXX cDNA (OE). (E) Principal component analysis of lipidomes of CTL, KD and OE MDA-MB-468 cells. Each dot represents a sample (n=4). (F) Hierarchical clustering heatmap analysis of top di erentially changed lipid molecules in MDA-MB-468 cells. (G) Signi cantly altered lipid pathways in MDA-MB-468 DAXX OE cells based on lipidome as in panel C. The top 4 most altered pathways are labelled. (H) Impact of DAXX expression levels on acetate-dependent de novo lipid synthesis using [14C]-acetate labeling in the absence of serum in the indicated cell lines with di erent levels of DAXX expression (CTL, KD or OE). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-daxx-srebp-interaction-is-critical-for-1glmpsss.png Figure 7. The DAXX-SREBP interaction is critical for lipogenesis and tumor growth. (A) Relative 854 mRNA levels of DAXX in MDA-MB-231 cells expressing the WT or del 327-335 mutant cDNA of 855 DAXX as determined by RT-qPCR. (B) Protein levels of DAXX in control cells and those with 856 DAXX KD, WT and del 327-335 mutant cDNA of DAXX. (C) The DAXX del 327-337 mutant 857 impaired de novo lipogenesis. Serum-starved cells were labeled with [14C] acetate and total lipids 858 were isolated. Radioactivity was counted and normalized against total protein level. (D) PCA of 859 lipidomes in MDA-MB-231 cells expressing the del327-335 mutant and WT DAXX. Each dot 860 represents a sample (n=4). (E) Hierarchical clustering heatmap analysis of global lipidomes in 861 cells expressing the del327-335 mutant and WT DAXX. (F) Hierarchical clustering heatmap 862 analysis of glycerolipid molecules that were highly differentially expressed between MDA-MB-231 863 cells with the del 327-335 mutant and wt DAXX. (G) Hierarchical clustering heatmap analysis of 864 glycerophospholipid molecules that were highly differentially expressed between MDA-MB-231 865 cells with the del 327-335 mutant and WT DAXX. (H) Bar graphs of relative normalized 866 abundance of specific lipids in MDA-MB-231 cells expressing the del 327-335 mutant and WT 867 DAXX. (I) MDA-MB-231 cells expressing the del 327-335 mutant and WT DAXX were 868 xenografted into mammary fat pads of female NSG mice. Representative images of dissected 869 tumors are shown. The final tumor weights are plotted. (J) A cartoon depicting the importance 870 of DAXX-SREBP interaction for lipogenesis and tumorigenesis. The p values were calculated (vs. 871 control) based on Student’s t-test. *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01. 872 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-daxx-promotes-tumor-growth-in-vivo-a-and-b-cell-70qs4z90.png Figure 3. DAXX promotes tumor growth in vivo. (A and B) Cell lines derived from MDA-MB-231 or MDA-MB-468 stably transduced with a control vector (Control, CTL), DAXX shRNA (KD), or WT DAXX cDNA (OE) were implanted into mammary fat pads of female NSG mice. Longitudinal tumor volumes are plotted. Tumor images and weights at the endpoint are shown. (C) DAXX KD and overexpression were maintained in vivo. Protein extracts from three representative xenograft tumors were analyzed for DAXX protein levels using immunoblotting. HSP60 was detected as a loading control. (D) Hierarchical clustering heatmap analysis of top glycerophospholipid molecules that were di erentially produced in MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumors with di erent levels of DAXX. (E) Multivariate PCA of lipids shows distinct global lipid pro les in xenograft tumors derived from control (red dots), DAXX KD (green dots), and OE (blue dots) MDA-MB-231 cells. (F) Relative abundance of total triglycerides, cholesterol and derivatives in xenograft tumors derived from MDA-MB-231 cell line panel as in (A). Box plots of the indicated lipid species are shown. The p values were calculated based on Student’s t-test. *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01. 25/27-HC: 25- or 27-hydroxycholesterol. https://scispace.com/papers/the-dawning-of-the-stream-of-aquarius-in-rave-1cmr2bhavz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-mdf-for-the-aquarius-stream-members-red-line-1o1crjwg.png Figure 4. Left: MDF for the Aquarius stream members (red line), whose typical metallicity uncertainty is Δ([M/H]) ∼ 0.2 dex (±1σ shown). The MDF of other halo stars with −70◦ < b < −50◦, J > 10.3, |Vlos| > 200 km s−1 is shown for comparison (dotted line). Right: Teff–log g plane for RAVE stars in the region −70◦ < b < −50◦, 30◦ < l < 75◦, J > 10.3. Stream candidates are highlighted as solid red points and a Padova isochrone with 10 Gyr, [M/H] = −1 overplotted. The yellow region indicates 1σ in both Teff and log g from this isochrone. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-reduced-proper-motion-diagram-for-the-background-2pm5k9fe.png Figure 5. Reduced proper motion diagram for the background RAVE stars (black points) and the Aquarius stream stars (red points). The isochrone from Figure 4 is plotted with a tangential velocity of vT = 250 km s−1 (solid line), vT = 150 km s−1 (dotted line), and vT = 350 km s−1 (dashed line). The coherency of the group is clear also in this diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-aquarius-stream-candidates-selected-from-the-2bptqeym.png Table 3 The Aquarius Stream Candidates Selected from the RAVE Data and Their Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-aquarius-stream-candidates-selected-from-the-36p4wdsg.png Table 1 The Aquarius Stream Candidates Selected from the RAVE Data and Their Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-vlos-as-a-function-of-galactic-latitude-for-rave-m9ua2vy3.png Figure 1. (a) Vlos as a function of galactic latitude for RAVE data with −70 < b < −50, J > 10.3. The Aquarius Stream is identified as an overdensity of stars with −250 < Vlos < −150 km s−1, 30◦ < l < 75◦, as delimited by the red box. (b) The histogram of Vlos with the additional constraint 30◦ < l < 75◦ clearly shows the stream as an anomalous feature in the wings of the velocity distribution. The gray shading displays the ±1σ limits. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-for-the-galaxia-and-besancon-models-used-1axl78ot.png Table 2 Parameters for the Galaxia and Besançon Models Used for Comparison with the RAVE Sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-the-mock-besancon-sample-and-b-a-mock-galaxia-1zdtyb5e.png Figure 2. (a) The mock Besançon sample and (b) a mock Galaxia sample for −70 < b < −50, J > 10.3. As in Figure 1, the Aquarius stream region is delimited by the red box, with both mock samples displaying a paucity of stars in this region. A reddening rate of E(B − V ) = 0.23 mag kpc−1 is used for both the model samples displayed (see Section 3 for details). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-as-in-figure-1-but-for-the-latitude-ranges-50-b-30-ttx105ik.png Figure 3. As in Figure 1 but for the latitude ranges −50 < b < −30 (a, b; top) and −90 < b < −70 (c, d; bottom) using the Galaxia model with Schlegel et al. (1998) dust mapping for comparison. LMC stars can be seen at 270◦ < l < 290◦, 230 < Vlos < 310 km s−1 in the RAVE data in the top panel and are outlined by the green box. The placement of the Aquarius stream from Figure 1 is outlined by the red box. Other than the LMC structures are not easily discernible. https://scispace.com/papers/the-decision-problem-of-provability-logic-with-only-one-atom-1bm763dg15 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-observing-nodes-having-depth-m-j-2nb32ldv.png Figure 1: Observing nodes having depth m− j https://scispace.com/papers/the-deep-historical-roots-of-macroeconomic-volatility-dprp4p3ckn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-state-history-and-volatility-of-output-growth-m1mlav8y.png Table 2: State History and Volatility of Output Growth (Quantile Regressions) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-historical-variables-and-volatility-of-output-growth-1caugaq6.png Table 1: Historical Variables and Volatility of Output Growth (OLS Regressions) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-liml-instrumental-variable-regressions-and-further-7spqnloj.png Table 6: LIML Instrumental Variable Regressions and Further Robustness Checks https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2sls-instrumental-variable-regressions-and-further-2q35wps0.png Table 5: 2SLS Instrumental Variable Regressions and Further Robustness Checks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scatterplot-of-state-history-and-output-volatility-vj3n7xwh.png Figure 1: Scatterplot of State History and Output Volatility https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-state-history-and-frequency-of-trend-growth-breaks-14gumelt.png Figure 2: State History and Frequency of Trend-Growth Breaks https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-robustness-checks-11vllehu.png Table B.1: Robustness Checks https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-4-explanatory-power-of-each-principal-component-of-1wqdkhs5.png Table D.4: Explanatory Power of Each Principal Component of Proximate Factors https://scispace.com/papers/the-declining-middle-occupational-change-social-status-and-uvtv0kx5xe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-sources-and-final-sample-size-3e30n8ey.png Table 2. Data Sources and Final Sample Size. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-per-country-and-task-group-2tug679h.png Table 1. Descriptive Statistics Per Country and Task Group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relative-share-of-task-groups-over-time-1866hufe.png Figure 3. Relative share of task groups over time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-unweighted-distributions-of-occupations-by-task-2ftwi455.png Figure 1. Unweighted distributions of occupations by task group: (A) RTI, (B) subjective automation risk, and (C) Frey/Osborne. RTI = routine-task intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-theoretical-framework-2krmyh0o.png Figure 2. Theoretical framework. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-marginal-effect-of-task-group-on-subjective-social-icy3ftad.png Figure 4. Marginal effect of task group on subjective social status over time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tracing-the-mechanism-a-risk-of-automation-b-status-3sw7tvqr.png Figure 5. Tracing the mechanism: (A) risk of automation, (B) status decline, and (C) right-wing populism. CI = confidence interval; NR = nonroutine. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-individual-occupational-transition-patterns-column-s27h7lxy.png Table 3. Individual Occupational Transition Patterns (column percentages). https://scispace.com/papers/the-delicate-balance-between-parental-protection-57466m6cc5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-analyses-of-antisocial-behavior-in-sk4b2z9c.png Table 3. Regression analyses of antisocial behavior in adolescence on parental protection, unsupervised wandering, biological maturation, and antisocial friends https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-hypotheses-to-be-tested-note-the-i7bxeia5.png Figure 1. Overview of hypotheses to be tested. Note. The numbers correspond with hypotheses in the introduction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-standard-deviations-of-parental-protection-2wnhy75g.png Table 1. Means and standard deviations of parental protection, unsupervised wandering, antisocial friends, Tanner stages, and antisocial behavior, for girls and boys https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-parental-protection-2j0dq4fa.png Table 2. Correlations between parental protection, unsupervised wandering, antisocial friends, Tanner stages, and antisocial behavior, for girls and boys https://scispace.com/papers/the-degrees-of-monotony-dilemma-in-abstract-argumentation-4it1ieganz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-af-n-af-and-af-af-but-af-6-n-af-and-af-6-n-af-2slhrav7.png Fig. 1: AF N AF ′ and AF ′ AF ′′, but AF 6 N AF ′′ and AF ′ 6 N AF ′′. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-argumentation-frameworks-to-illustrate-degrees-2akeoa3f.png Fig. 2: Example argumentation frameworks to illustrate degrees of monotony. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-complete-and-preferred-semantics-are-affected-by-the-1iw8xabq.png Fig. 3: Complete and preferred semantics are affected by the degrees of monotonydilemma. https://scispace.com/papers/the-demand-for-social-insurance-does-culture-matter-386pmtvqtu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-social-networks-and-social-capital-3ipztyur.png Figure 5: Social Networks and Social Capital https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-how-do-border-towns-compare-in-terms-of-culture-2tys533i.png Table 8: How do Border Towns Compare in Terms of Culture, Composition and Geography? continued https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-discontinuity-in-native-language-294av0g0.png Figure 3: Discontinuity in Native Language https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-voting-on-social-insurance-41gzo4tu.png Figure 4: Voting on Social Insurance https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-culture-and-beliefs-272m8dlp.png Table 5: Culture and Beliefs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-world-values-survey-evidence-on-beliefs-szzzqau7.png Figure 6: World Values Survey Evidence on Beliefs https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-how-do-border-towns-compare-in-terms-of-culture-2syvnpbn.png Table 7: How do Border Towns Compare in Terms of Culture, Composition and Geography? https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-language-border-contrasts-in-informal-insurance-3rrp2u9x.png Table 4: Language Border Contrasts in Informal Insurance https://scispace.com/papers/the-demographics-of-expropriation-risk-1e6y5lnrv2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-effect-of-n-on-expropriation-risk-13v673ia.png Figure 5: The effect of n on “Expropriation Risk” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-constrained-level-of-fdi-relative-to-the-host-1qoc8jrk.png Figure 2: The constrained level of FDI relative to the host country’s GDP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-effect-of-r-on-the-constrained-level-of-fdi-2y5a8gjs.png Figure 3: The effect of ρ on the constrained level of FDI relative to GDP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-evolution-of-old-age-dependency-ratios-in-133dly5r.png Figure 1: The evolution of old-age dependency ratios in different world regions in percent. Source: United Nations (medium variant) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-notation-referring-to-the-domestic-sectors-capital-1lp4h1y5.png Table 2: Notation referring to the domestic sector’s capital intensity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-effect-of-n-on-the-constrained-level-of-fdi-1taupot6.png Figure 4: The effect of n on the constrained level of FDI relative to GDP https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-benchmark-parameter-values-2z0jbhzs.png Table 1: Benchmark parameter values https://scispace.com/papers/the-density-variance-mach-number-relation-in-supersonic-1ihzkkbcfy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-measured-relationship-between-the-volume-weighted-2mm1qn8h.png Figure 1. Measured relationship between the (volume-weighted) standard deviation of the logarithm of density σs as a function of rms Mach number from a series of solenoidally driven supersonic turbulence calculations. The points show time averages, with error bars showing (temporal) 1σ deviations. The dashed lines show the standard relation (Equation (2)) with b = 1/3 and b = 1/2, while the dotted line shows the best-fitting relationship found by Lemaster & Stone (2008; Equation (3)). Differences between directly measuring σs (open circles, filled circles, and plus signs) compared to fitting the PDF around the mean (∗, ×, and squares) are not significant (i.e., smaller than the time-dependent fluctuations). Overall, the results are consistent with b = 1/3, as expected for solenoidally driven turbulence from Federrath et al. (2008, 2010), and indistinguishable from the LS08 best fit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-same-as-figure-1-but-for-a-series-of-2563-grid-14aei0b5.png Figure 4. Same as Figure 1 but for a series of 2563 grid-based MHD calculations with field strength characterized by the ratio of gas-to-magnetic pressure β (see the legend). There is a general decrease in the measured variance in the MHD simulations at high Mach number, though no clear trend with magnetic field strength. The best-fitting relationship found by LS08 for strong field MHD calculations (dotted line) is consistent with our β = 1 results in a similar parameter range (M 6), but too steep at higher M. The β < 0.05 points refer to calculations employing β = 0.05, 0.01, and 0.02 at Mach 4, 10, and 20, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-directly-measured-or-inferred-see-the-legend-1c1atyu6.png Figure 3. Directly measured or inferred (see the legend) standard deviation of the linear density σρ/ρ̄ as a function of rms Mach number from the solenoidally driven supersonic turbulence calculations. For comparison, observational determinations by Padoan et al. (1997a) and Brunt (2010) in IC5146 and Taurus (respectively) are shown, together with the expected b = 1/3 and b = 1 linear relationships for solenoidal and compressive forcing (respectively; Federrath et al. 2008, 2010), including the corresponding data points from Federrath et al. (2010; 10243 grid; cyan triangles). Direct measurements of σρ/ρ̄ are resolution limited (see Figure 2), although the values inferred by assuming Equation (6) are upper limits, whereas the observations are likely to be lower limits. The discrepancy between solenoidally driven simulations and observations indicates that some amount of gravity and/or compressive driving is necessary to explain the observational results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relationship-between-the-linear-and-logarithmic-dzcwhygy.png Figure 2. Relationship between the linear and logarithmic density variance as a function of both intrinsic SPH resolution (number of particles) and the grid size used to compute the variances (see the legend). While the measurements of σ 2s are resolution independent, there is a strong dependence on both the SPH and grid resolution in the directly measured linear variance, σ 2ρ/ρ̄ . Using an AMR grid to compute volume-weighted variances captures the full density field resolution in the SPH simulations, but even in the highest resolution calculations (5123 particles), σ 2ρ/ρ̄ is severely underestimated compared to the expected exponential relationship (Equation (6), dashed line) for M 5. https://scispace.com/papers/the-derivation-of-hybridizable-discontinuous-galerkin-3fj8pkzb79 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-the-unknowns-and-jump-conditions-for-the-2617nufj.png Table 3.1 The unknowns and jump conditions for the hybridizations https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-the-continuity-properties-induced-by-the-formal-16df38f7.png Table 3.2 The continuity properties induced by the formal limits. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-four-special-formal-limits-of-hdg-methods-vmov2t02.png Table 3.3 Four special formal limits of HDG methods. https://scispace.com/papers/the-dependence-of-contrail-formation-on-the-weather-pattern-2vmhda3lk4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-frequency-of-cold-issrs-composite-geopotential-37jp3b2e.png Figure 2. Mean frequency of cold ISSRs, composite geopotential height (thin contours) and tropopause location (thick contour) for days belonging to three of five winter weather types defined in Irvine et al. [2012]: (a) type 1, (b) type 2 and (c) type 4 at 300 hPa, 250 hPa and 200 hPa. The final column shows the mean 250 hPa geopotential height (black contours) and wind speed above 40 m s−1 (gray shading, darker shading indicating higher windspeeds, with a contour interval of 3 m s−1), with the great circle (black line), eastbound time-optimal (red) and westbound time-optimal (blue) routes (both the mean location as solid lines and standard deviation as dashed lines) from days corresponding to each weather type. Calculated using data from winters 2004-05, 2008-09 and 2009-10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-frequency-of-cold-issrs-at-a-200-hpa-b-250-hpa-3ppkoxr7.png Figure 1. Mean frequency of cold ISSRs at (a) 200 hPa, (b) 250 hPa and (c) 300 hPa, averaged over all winters in the period 1989 - 2010. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-for-a-great-circle-b-eastbound-time-optimal-and-c-1qc7l8z3.png Figure 3. For (a) great circle, (b) eastbound time-optimal and (c) westbound time-optimal routes, the mean probability of making a persistent contrail along the route at different altitudes, averaged over all routes from days corresponding to winter weather type 1 (dotted line), type 2 (short dashed line), type 3 (dash-dot line), type 4 (dash-triple dot line), type 5 (long dashed line) and averaged over all days (solid line). Calculated using data from winters 2004-05, 2008-09 and 2009-10. https://scispace.com/papers/the-dependency-of-the-d-18-o-discrepancy-between-ice-cores-5sj0uj4zv7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-yearly-mean-d18o-values-of-cosmo-iso-50km-a-and-2kbveayf.png Figure 3. Yearly mean δ18O values of COSMO_iso_50km (a) and ECHAM5-wiso (b, interpolated to the COSMO_iso_50km grid) for the period 2008–2014 and the corresponding observations for the 19 snow pit samples (Table 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulated-yearly-mean-a-2-m-temperatures-and-b-11mfxw1d.png Figure 2. Simulated yearly mean (a) 2 m temperatures and (b) precipitation sums of a standard COSMO simulation, driven with ERAInterim, for Greenland over the period 1995–2015 compared to DMI observations. The solid black line is the 1 : 1 line in (a, b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-same-as-fig-7-but-for-the-mid-holocene-the-8f4lla99.png Figure 9. The same as Fig. 7 but for the mid-Holocene. The locations of the ice core samples are shown in green. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-differences-1-between-simulated-and-observed-d18o-2pqmb6bq.png Figure 4. Differences (1) between simulated and observed δ18O values (model minus observation) for the model results of ECHAM5-wiso, COSMO_iso_50km, and COSMO_iso_7km and snow pit samples and top core samples from ice cores from Greenland (averaging periods: COSMO_iso_50km: 2008–2014; COSMO_iso_7km: 2011; observation: 1940–2014). Numbers refer to the different snow pit locations shown in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-monthly-d18o-simulated-with-cosmo-iso-50km-for-the-27hjd9jq.png Figure 5. Monthly δ18O simulated with COSMO_iso_50km for the period 2008–2014 versus the corresponding observations for nine GNIP stations (Table 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-mid-holocene-isotopic-ratio-variability-of-the-3m6n8fjd.png Figure 8. (a) Mid-Holocene isotopic ratio variability of the COSMO_iso_50km grid boxes surrounding four Greenland ice core samples. In each grid box, the observed ratios derived from the ice cores are subtracted from the simulated δ18O ratios. The black bar in the box and whisker plot represents the median of the isotope ratio difference distribution. The box comprises the upper and lower quartile, and the whiskers show the whole distribution. The MPIESM-wiso (blue dots) and COSMO_iso_50km (green dots) results for the grid points closest to the ice cores are also shown as differences with respect to the observed δ18O ratios. (b) Anomalies of the MPI-ESM-wiso simulation relative to pre-industrial (PI) conditions, based on an MPI-ESM-wiso PI reference simulation (Cauquoin et al., 2019) are shown as blue points, and the observed anomalies for the mid-Holocene relative to present-day are shown as red points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-present-day-isotopic-ratio-variability-of-the-cosmo-2y0jyg0a.png Figure 6. Present-day isotopic ratio variability of the COSMO_iso grid boxes surrounding the 16 snow pit samples for the (a) 50 km and (b) 7 km simulation. The black bar in the box and whisker plot represents the median of the isotope ratio distribution. The box comprises the upper and lower quartile, and the whiskers show the whole distribution. The MPI-ESM-wiso results are shown by the blue dots, and the observed δ18O values are shown by the red dots. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-gnip-stations-used-in-this-study-20tua0il.png Table 1. List of GNIP stations used in this study. https://scispace.com/papers/the-design-and-evaluation-of-techniques-for-route-diversity-2eep20cely 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-results-a-replica-placement-b-lqychbj2.png Figure 1. Experimental results: (a) replica placement, (b) combining replica placement (RP) and neighbor set routing (NBR), and (c) response time. https://scispace.com/papers/the-design-and-assembly-of-surface-micromachined-optical-2u7cfb0lxw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-layouts-of-proposed-optical-switch-xal4achz.png Fig. 5. Layouts of proposed optical switch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-optical-configuration-to-measure-the-popped-up-angle-3fcw5k0w.png Fig. 11. Optical configuration to measure the popped-up angle of optical switch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-conceptual-design-of-the-mechanical-stopper-xos014k4.png Fig. 4. Conceptual design of the mechanical stopper. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-dynamic-characteristic-of-the-fabricated-optical-z40h08b8.png Fig. 12. Dynamic characteristic of the fabricated optical switch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-block-diagram-of-proposed-assembly-process-kd8sdpba.png Fig. 10. Block diagram of proposed assembly process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-joint-height-versus-bonding-force-of-flip-chip-bonding-26bmult0.png Fig. 3. Joint height versus bonding force of flip chip bonding (with gold bumps at 140 C bonding temperature). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-picture-of-fabricated-back-to-back-optical-o1q5928f.png Fig. 2. SEM picture of fabricated back-to-back optical switches. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sem-pictures-of-fabricated-optical-switches-a-without-16zh0sol.png Fig. 8. SEM pictures of fabricated optical switches (a) without heat-treatment and (b) with heat-treatment. https://scispace.com/papers/the-design-and-evaluation-of-a-sonically-enhanced-tool-kh1fo6jfis 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-workload-scores-for-the-two-conditions-in-1c22mps4.png Figure 4: Average workload scores for the two conditions. In the first six categories higher scores mean higher workload. In the final two categories higher scores mean lower workload. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-number-of-tasks-performed-with-wrong-tool-2scvwp4x.png Figure 5: Number of tasks performed with wrong tool. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rectangle-tool-selection-by-a-single-click-and-b-13z5wg4r.png Figure 1: Rectangle tool selection by (a) single click, and (b) double click. https://scispace.com/papers/the-design-and-validation-of-the-colorado-learning-attitudes-6n369v2lga 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-class-version-2-categories-34vslv6e.png TABLE 2. CLASS Version 2 Categories https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-reliability-data-1ywzecg8.png TABLE 6. Reliability Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reduced-basis-factor-analysis-of-categories-class-1jq1dk6u.png TABLE 1. Reduced Basis Factor Analysis of Categories - CLASS Version 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-evident-correlation-between-favorable-personal-2kncx1gi.png TABLE 4. Evident correlation between favorable ‘Personal Interest’ and physics course selection https://scispace.com/papers/the-design-co-ordination-framework-key-elements-for-5c2jnskl0r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-design-co-ordination-occurs-when-changes-in-one-1ljxnjt5.png Figure 2: Design co-ordination occurs when changes in one frame (vertical list) propagate decisions about change in another frame (horizontal list). The crosses mark the principal decision related links. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-activities-of-design-co-ordination-related-to-design-1owmg792.png Table 1. Activities of design co-ordination related to design factors [48]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-set-of-frames-for-design-co-ordination-each-frame-l9co9vt3.png Figure 1: Set of frames for design co-ordination. Each frame symbolises a monitoring model. Co-ordination means establishing, managing, and controlling proper dynamic relations and inter-action between these frames. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-analysis-of-dynamic-changes-in-the-frame-28n9rxn0.png Figure 4 Example of analysis of dynamic changes in the frame network. Here the frames 'decomposition model', 'goal structure' and 'activity model' are related, due to an identification of a new unit in the decomposition structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-analysis-of-dynamic-changes-in-the-frame-1p3cqdub.png Figure 3 Example of analysis of dynamic changes in the frame network. Here two frames are related, namely the model of decomposition and the synthesis matrix model, with focus on the unit design. https://scispace.com/papers/the-design-use-and-performance-of-edge-scrolling-techniques-wjksota45r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-existing-edge-scrolling-designs-classified-using-31dyiyef.png Figure 5: Existing edge-scrolling designs classified using the design space of edge-scrolling techniques from their descriptions in the literature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overview-of-scrolling-techniques-and-studies-from-2d8rjfd2.png Figure 3: Overview of scrolling techniques and studies from the literature discussed in this section, by type of input (pointing or dedicated input) and transfer function (absolute/relative position control or rate control). Grey triangles are patents. The orange frame delimits edge-scrolling, a pointing-based family of scrolling techniques that is the focus of this work. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-selection-time-b-breakdown-of-selection-time-for-2qtv697i.png Figure 14: (a) Selection time, (b) breakdown of selection time for S508 into pre-overshoot and postovershoot scrolling times and pointing time, (c) overshoot distance, and (d) maximum pointer-edge distance, by size and technique. Error bars show 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-scrolling-velocity-by-pointer-edge-distance-for-a-375l12ba.png Figure 10: Scrolling velocity by pointer-edge distance, for (a) 14 select and (b) 8 move configurations, with rate-based transfer functions that did not depend on the time spent in the scrolling area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-scrolling-velocity-as-a-function-of-time-at-1f27iiuf.png Figure 9: Scrolling velocity as a function of time at different pointer-edge distances (line labels, in pixels) for three edge-scrolling configurations that included the time spent in the scrolling area as an input parameter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-overview-of-the-19-applications-and-toolkits-2lcvrw3l.png Figure 7: Overview of the 19 applications and toolkits examined across three operating systems (Windows 7, 8, and OS X 10.9.2). Bars describe scrolling areas and transfer functions of their edge-scrolling response to select and move tasks. Colour corresponds to rate control (blue) or relative position control (red), and opacity denotes either the average velocity (rate control) or the average displacement (position control) for a given pointer-edge distance. A central horizontal line in a scrolling area indicates that pointer movements generate scrolling displacements. Bars are hatched when transfer function data was not available due to incomplete or unreliable accessibility implementation in the application. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-responses-to-likert-type-items-on-parts-3-4-and-5-2m6b6vpo.png Figure 12: Responses to Likert-type items on parts 3, 4, and 5 of the survey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-situations-commonly-encountered-in-desktop-7x11qydu.png Figure 1: Situations commonly encountered in desktop applications where edge-scrolling can be employed to automatically scroll a viewport to complete a task: (a) selecting a font in a large menu, (b) selecting a wide range of cells in a spreadsheet, (c) resizing a shape in a drawing application, and (d) moving a file in a subdirectory. https://scispace.com/papers/the-detection-of-annual-hypoxia-in-a-low-latitude-freshwater-2zrpbjbkrt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-main-specifications-of-the-maya-auv-1zxbtl71.png Table I: Main specifications of the Maya AUV https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-scientific-sensors-used-on-maya-auv-2gau2s7d.png Table 2. Scientific sensors used on Maya AUV https://scispace.com/papers/the-detection-of-shaft-misalignments-using-motor-current-2xm7boqg3h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-vibration-signals-comparison-at-3x-of-fr1-and-of-fr3-17dy28q2.png Fig. 3 Vibration signals comparison at 3X of fr1 and of fr3 under different severities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-current-spectra-under-different-load-and-cases-3d3nnl2h.png Fig. 4 Current spectra under different load and cases https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-current-3x-of-fr1and-fr3-comparison-under-different-72bhqzp9.png Fig. 5 Current 3X of fr1and fr3 comparison under different misalignments and loads. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-data-from-sensorless-vsd-comparison-under-different-3cq2zcyg.png Fig. 8. Data from Sensorless VSD comparison under different misalignment severities and loads https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-current-torque-iq-and-id-comparison-at-different-fault-20ul4hlv.png Fig. 6 Current, torque, iq and id comparison at different fault severities and loads. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-structure-of-sensorless-vsd-19s930qd.png Fig. 1 General structure of sensorless VSD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-current-sidebands-3x-of-fr1-and-fr3-with-different-2ipv8zzr.png Fig. 7 Current sidebands 3x of fr1 and fr3 with different fault and load conditions https://scispace.com/papers/the-determinants-of-economic-growth-in-ghana-new-empirical-4odzonoemp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-the-variables-3oh7e7yj.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics of the variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-plot-of-the-cumulative-sum-of-recursive-residuals-272npcot.png Figure A.1: Plot of the cumulative sum of recursive residuals (CUSUM) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-2-plot-of-the-cumulative-sum-of-squares-of-39bcdp29.png Figure A.2: Plot of the cumulative sum of squares of recursive residuals (CUSUMSQ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-of-diagnostic-tests-axdbhqs3.png Table 6: Results of diagnostic tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-economic-growth-in-ghana-over-the-period-1975-to-3dy81r55.png Table 1: Economic growth in Ghana over the period 1975 to 2015 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-the-ardl-bounds-test-for-cointegration-1zrdn0q6.png Table 4: Results of the ARDL bounds test for cointegration https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-long-and-short-run-results-of-the-selected-ardl-3mj6inw8.png Table 5: The long- and short-run results of the selected ARDL specification https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-unit-root-tests-of-the-variables-in-2e357b5y.png Table 3: Results of unit root tests of the variables in levels and at the first differences https://scispace.com/papers/the-detection-of-a-sn-iin-in-optical-follow-up-observations-4owz11k5yz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-the-sky-with-the-two-neutrino-event-pgxzrj5s.png Figure 1. Map of the sky with the two neutrino event directions, the average neutrino direction, and the location of SN PTF12csy. Estimated reconstruction errors are indicated with circles, the PTF FOV is shown as dashed box. The positions of the PTF survey camera CCD chips are plotted with dotted lines and the chip number is printed on each chipʼs field (cf. Law et al. 2009). Note that chip 03 is not operational and thus hatched in the plot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-new-image-reference-image-and-post-subtraction-1izqr3ay.png Figure 2. New image, reference image and post-subtraction image of the PTF discovery of PTF12csy from 2012 April 09, with the location of PTF12csy in the center. This image shows only a small fraction of the PTF FOV. The image from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-III) DR12 (Gunn et al. 2006; Eisenstein et al. 2011; Ahn et al. 2014; Alam et al. 2015) is shown for reference, showing a faint host galaxy to the south of the SN. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-photometric-observations-of-ptf12csy-15mz3shk.png Table 3 Photometric Observations of PTF12csy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ptf12csy-photometry-in-apparent-magnitudes-without-1c683mvz.png Figure 5. PTF12csy photometry in apparent magnitudes without applying corrections. The photometry is averaged over intervals of 10 days. The data originate from the following telescopes: uvw2, uvm2, uvw1, u, b: UVOT; B: P60; g: P60, PS1, FTN; r: P60, PS1, FTN; R: P48; i: P60, PS1, FTN; z: P60, PS1; y: PS1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-of-the-ha-line-in-both-spectra-the-x-1xvwcxi4.png Figure 10. Comparison of the Hα line in both spectra. The x-axis shows the Doppler velocity relative to the line center at 6564.61 Å, assuming a redshift of 0.0684. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-spectra-taken-with-gemini-north-on-2012-april-17-3ctns9d6.png Figure 9. Spectra taken with Gemini North on 2012 April 17 (top) and Keck I on 2013 February 09, showing narrow (Type IIn) emission lines. The Hα line at ∼7000 Å (observer frame) is the strongest emission line and has a complicated structure. See Figure 10 for a close-up of the Hα line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sed-of-ptf12csy-using-photometry-from-10-days-2cwy35r3.png Figure 8. SED of PTF12csy using photometry from 10 days around day 189 (observer frame) after the first detection. The fitted rest frame temperature is T = (7160 ± 270) K and the fitted bolometric luminosity (5.53 ± 1.18) × 1042 erg s−1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-log-of-spectral-observations-1avb3qjk.png Table 5 Log of Spectral Observations https://scispace.com/papers/the-determinants-of-regional-freight-transport-a-spatial-1qgf2jkdi1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-functional-fit-of-the-penalized-spline-functions-for-5k2h9vjm.png Fig. 2: Functional fit of the penalized spline functions for the two model terms with the highest posterior inclusion probability, in the freight generation (i – ii) and attraction models (iii – iv), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-freight-attraction-model-posterior-estimates-13b65y95.png Table 3: Freight attraction model posterior estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-non-spatial-freight-generation-a-and-attraction-b-3qp3f511.png Table 4: Non-spatial freight generation (a) and attraction (b) model posterior estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variables-used-in-the-analysis-3vqbsj3f.png Table 1: Variables used in the analysis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-average-yearly-million-tons-of-freight-generated-by-a-2rlyjesn.png Fig. 1: Average yearly million tons of freight generated by (a) and attracted to (b) NUTS-2 regions, 2010 - 2014. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-freight-generation-model-posterior-estimates-15d1tkaw.png Table 2: Freight generation model posterior estimates https://scispace.com/papers/the-determinants-of-poverty-in-mexico-1996-1tam5xoyq2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-probability-of-being-poor-and-occupation-3uka7h74.png Figure 4.5 Probability of being poor and occupation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-classification-table-of-correct-and-incorrect-3gw2ly1e.png Table 4.2 Classification Table of Correct and Incorrect Predictions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-logistic-estimates-of-poverty-determinants-24njpa9y.png Table 4.1 Logistic estimates of poverty determinants https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3-odds-ratios-estimates-of-poverty-determinants-lecebka1.png Table 4.3 Odds Ratios Estimates of Poverty Determinants https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-probability-of-being-poor-and-rural-urban-ec9sfkzp.png Figure 4.4 Probability of being poor and rural/urban location. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-probability-of-being-poor-and-gender-of-the-head-o459zrzr.png Figure 4.1 Probability of being poor and gender of the head https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-probability-of-being-poor-and-age-38sm32nn.png Figure 4.2 Probability of being poor and age https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-6-probability-of-being-poor-and-education-2vv3b9rg.png Figure 4.6 Probability of being poor and Education https://scispace.com/papers/the-determinants-of-the-adoption-intention-of-eco-friendly-3sm7w422rw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-standardized-structural-paths-and-global-fit-indices-26m2jxnt.png Table 2. Standardized structural Paths and global fit indices https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-samples-composition-rllkxuk7.png Table 1. Samples composition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-model-2gxpkg5v.png Figure 1. Conceptual model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multi-group-analysis-and-structural-invariance-1w1vii6i.png Table 3. Multi-group Analysis and Structural Invariance https://scispace.com/papers/the-determinants-of-urban-un-employment-duration-evidence-4h56n8okui 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-types-of-labour-contracts-lypbmhm1.png Table 2: Types of labour contracts https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-determinants-of-unemployment-duration-3d3dgw2j.png Table 5: Determinants of Unemployment Duration https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cont-determinants-of-unemployment-duration-s86s7o4z.png Table 5: Determinants of Unemployment Duration https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-b-descriptive-statistics-by-groups-of-firms-38rfy8o6.png Table 3.B: Descriptive Statistics (by Groups of Firms) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-determinants-of-employment-duration-17doxv3p.png Table 4: Determinants of Employment Duration https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-population-over-16-unemployment-population-and-18z9wvwb.png Table 1: Population over 16, Unemployment Population and Economically Active Population: Province of Barcelona, Catalonia and Spain (1980-1994) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cont-determinants-of-employment-duration-2m5ltull.png Table 4: Determinants of Employment Duration https://scispace.com/papers/the-determinants-of-venture-capital-in-europe-evidence-1ydcrexmp4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-empirical-results-with-random-effects-models-for-3pc0pizb.png Table 6 Empirical results with random effects models for theFundRaisGDP variable https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-1uuir19k.png Table 3 Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-empirical-results-with-fixed-effects-models-for-the-2zterq0d.png Table 10 Empirical results with fixed effects models for the FundRaisGDP variable https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-factors-analyzed-for-the-reference-authors-in-the-14zgn1a6.png Table 1 Factors analyzed for the reference authors in the area in analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-empirical-results-with-random-effects-models-for-2w9e05v1.png Table 9 Empirical results with random effects models for theInvtEarStgGDP variable https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variables-description-1aoo0u55.png Table 2 Variables Description https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-empirical-results-with-fixed-effects-models-for-the-1ntmhnya.png Table 13 Empirical results with fixed effects models for the InvtEarStgGDP variable https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-empirical-results-with-random-effects-models-for-1mucnes2.png Table 8 Empirical results with random effects models for theInvtHighTechGDP variable https://scispace.com/papers/the-determination-of-uncertainty-in-the-calibration-of-7svln7z7zg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-piezoelectric-transducer-10-2fnlqsrs.png Figure 2: Piezoelectric transducer [10] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-characteristic-of-current-probe-p6022-2lz57359.png Figure 10 : Characteristic of current probe P6022 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-calculated-aperture-effect-for-ut-1000-1klmycjp.png Figure 1: Calculated aperture effect for UT 1000 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schema-of-test-rig-configuration-3832wbe2.png Figure 5: Schema of test rig configuration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-characteristic-of-ut-1000-with-remounting-mryfj5p8.png Figure 11 : Characteristic of UT 1000 with remounting https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-characteristic-of-ut-1000-without-remounting-3peiffzy.png Figure 11 : Characteristic of UT 1000 with remounting https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-diagram-of-the-step-function-calibration-1bmdxlv5.png Figure 3: Schematic diagram of the step function calibration apparatus [10] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-break-of-capillary-calculated-by-matlab-2amveba9.png Figure 9 : Break of capillary calculated by Matlab https://scispace.com/papers/the-developing-role-of-occupational-therapists-in-school-48321sdof6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-action-research-process-1k1xecbp.png Figure 3: The Action Research Process https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-search-terms-used-in-cinahl-eric-and-google-scholar-2ocnar07.png TABLE 1 – Search terms used in CINAHL, ERIC and Google Scholar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-defining-inclusion-3989jgpg.png Figure 1: Defining Inclusion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-project-phases-2oln9tz6.png Figure 2: The Project Phases https://scispace.com/papers/the-deuterium-excess-records-of-epica-dome-c-and-dronning-1gh8g79vqo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bottom-panel-comparison-between-simulated-39wohkpo.png Fig. 4. Bottom panel: Comparison between simulated glaciological effects for EDML (dark blue) calculated as the sum (thick solid line) of elevation changes due to upstream (long dashed line) and local elevation changes (dashed line) (Huybrechts et al., 2007) and EDC (light blue) local elevation changes calculated by Parrenin et al. (2007) (thick solid line) and Huybrechts et al. (2007) (dashed line). Top panel: Comparison between glaciological induced elevation difference between EDML and EDC taking into account local elevation effects (light grey, uncertainty due to the two different model results for EDC) and taking into account both upstream and local elevation effects (dark grey, uncertainty due to the two different model results for EDC) with the long-term fluctuations of the gradients between EDML and EDC d18Ocorr (solid red line on a reversed axis) and dcorr (dashed red line) (see Fig. 3). Changes in elevation (m, right axis) can be directly converted to changes in d18O (&, left axis) using the spatial modern slope (w1& per 100 m elevation). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-edc-light-blue-and-edml-dark-blue-2sjz0pol.png Fig. 3. Comparison of EDC (light blue) and EDML (dark blue) d18Ocorr anomalies (with respect to their mean value over the time period from 1.2 to 2 ky BP) on a 100-year time step after correction for seawater isotopic composition, reported on the EDC3/ EDML1 age scale. The d18Osw record (Bintanja et al., 2005), displayed as a black line, is derived from the marine sediment benthic stacks of Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005 after correction for deep water temperature effects. The gradients between EDML and EDC d18Ocorr and dcorr (reversed scale for coherency with d 18Ocorr) are displayed as grey lines. Their long-term components (periodicities below 5 ky) are calculated using the first four components of a Singular Spectrum Analysis (red lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-source-dtsource-red-site-dtsite-blue-and-temperature-1pdfm3r1.png Fig. 9. (a) Source (DTsource, red), site (DTsite, blue), and temperature gradient (DTsource– DTsite, purple) anomalies compared to the logarithm of sea-salt Na (pink) and non-seasalt Ca (black) fluxes for the EDC ice core. The d18O (light blue) and d (orange) data are also reported. A 700-year smoothing (bold lines) is performed on 100-year time step data (grey thin lines). D means anomalies from values averaged over the period 1.2–2 ky BP. (b) Source (DTsource, red), site (DTsite, blue), and temperature gradient (DTsource–DTsite, purple) anomalies compared to the logarithm of ssNa (pink) and nssCa (black) fluxes for the EDML ice core. The d18O (light blue) and d (orange) data are also reported. A 700-year smoothing (bold lines) is performed on 100-year time step data (grey thin lines). D means anomalies from values averaged over the period 1.2–2 ky BP. The small arrows indicate ssNa minima (see text, Section 7). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-present-day-ice-core-site-characteristics-mean-361vhhn6.png Table 1 Present-day ice core site characteristics, mean isotope values (calculated from bag sample (see text) for both EDC and EDML. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-temporal-d18o-t-relation-for-the-edml-area-obtained-2c9pllbn.png Fig. 5. Temporal d18O/T relation for the EDML area obtained from new simulations performed with the isotopic version of ECHAM4 General Circulation Model for different time slices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-the-same-as-fig-6a-but-showing-a-zoom-over-the-bsor0y9m.png Fig. 7. (a) The same as Fig. 6a but showing a zoom over the Holocene for EDC ice core. (b) The same as Fig. 6b but showing a zoom over the Holocene for EDML ice core. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-calculations-for-the-8-time-l170hz1m.png Table 2 Characteristics of the calculations for the 8 time slices used in ECHAM4: Modern ¼ a 6k ¼ 6000 years BP; 11k ¼ 11,000 years BP; 14k ¼ 14,000 years BP; 16k ¼ 16,000 years B https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-d18o-dd-plot-of-bag-sample-data-over-the-past-140000-13t3g4ei.png Fig. 1. d18O–dD plot of bag sample data over the past 140,000 years at EDML (average measurements over the same 50-cm samples; dark blue) and EDC (average measurements over the same 55-cm samples; light blue). The regression lines for the two data sets are calculated. In both cases, the quality of the measurements is verified by the high correlations observed between d18O and dD. https://scispace.com/papers/the-deuterium-fraction-in-massive-starless-cores-and-1i9tiogvqm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-chemodynamical-modeling-of-c1-n-the-models-include-1an0yjpf.png Figure 6. Chemodynamical modeling of C1-N. The models include time-dependent depletion/desorption (TDD) of heavy elements onto dust grains and dynamical density evolution (DDE), as parameterized by αff (see Equation (4)). For C1-N, the models have target, present-day density nH,1=2.05×10 5 cm−3. The columns from left to right show results for initial heavy element depletion factors of fD,0 = 1, 3 (fiducial), 10. Top row: time evolution of density as a function of tpast, which increases to the left. Models with αff=0.01, 0.033, 0.1, 0.33, 1 and starting to final density ratios of nH,0/nH,1=0.1 are shown. Second row: time evolution of [N2D +] for these various models. Case 1 and 2 observational estimates for [N2D +] set the darker shaded region, with additional systematic uncertainties due to factor of approximately two uncertainties in NH shown with a lighter shade. Third row: time evolution of + https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-c1-s-with-high-cosmic-ray-ionization-rate-i-e-the-3rfegfpy.png Figure 11. C1-S with high cosmic-ray ionization rate, i.e., the same as Figure 10, but now for C1-S. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-c1-n-with-low-initial-density-i-e-the-same-as-29wewf60.png Figure 12. C1-N with low initial density, i.e., the same as Figure 8, but with nH,0 = 0.01nH,1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-most-promising-models-for-c1-s-with-d-c-n-0-01h-1j9go34v.png Figure 19. Most promising models for C1-S with d ¢ =n 0.01H , following the format of Figure 16. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-core-properties-defined-by-alma-observations-of-n-d2-3bucb4ah.png Table 1 Core Properties Defined by ALMA Observations of +N D2 (3-2) by T13 a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-upper-row-panels-a-c-observed-n-d2-1-0-2-1-3-2-flux-18pa528o.png Figure 3. Upper row, panels (a)–(c): observed +N D2 (1-0), (2-1), (3-2) flux density spectra for C1-N (black lines), all shown in the rest frame of C1-N’s vLSR (Table 1). The normalized HFS intensities are shown underneath each spectrum, also in this velocity frame. After smoothing, the observed spectra all have peak S/N > 5. The resulting spectral resolutions and 1σ noise levels are listed in Table 2. The model N2D + spectra, normalized by the ALMA +N D2 (3-2) emission, are shown with green and red lines with various values of Tex (see the legend). Note, the +N D2 (1-0) data (dotted black line in panel (a)) is not used for constraining the model because the NRO 45 m observation was centered on C1-S. In Fontani et al. (2011), the +N D2 (2-1) spectrum has two major velocity components, with the lower velocity component being −1.8 km s−1 away (i.e., from C1-S). We fit hyperfine structures to the spectra and subtract the C1-S component, leaving the spectrum for C1-N shown in panel (b). Lower row, panels (d)–(f): +N H2 (1-0), (3-2) (SMA—solid line; IRAM 30 m—dashed line), (4-3) flux density spectra for C1-N (black lines), again all having peak S/N > 5. Modeled N2H + spectra are shown with magenta lines for various values of + https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-c1-n-with-high-cosmic-ray-ionization-rate-i-e-the-dj6ywl7d.png Figure 10. C1-N with high cosmic-ray ionization rate, i.e., the same as Figure 8, but now the astrochemical models are run with a higher cosmic-ray ionization rate ζ=10−16 s−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-c1-s-fiducial-results-i-e-the-same-as-figure-8-but-2w3e3yxg.png Figure 9. C1-S fiducial results, i.e., the same as Figure 8, but now for C1-S. https://scispace.com/papers/the-development-and-initial-validation-of-the-irrational-1wf5zp15f4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-data-of-the-sgasb-stpi-and-demographic-2buw85dz.png Table 2: Descriptive data of the SGASB, STPI and demographic variables, and correlations with IPBI dimensions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-standardized-solution-and-fit-statistics-for-the-2sd6ac1z.png Table 1: Standardized solution and fit statistics for the full four-factor 28-item model https://scispace.com/papers/the-development-and-resulting-performance-impact-of-positive-1eg203qree 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-paired-sample-t-tests-for-all-study-variables-2fs8ta3m.png Table 2. Paired-Sample t Tests for All Study Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ancova-controlling-for-psychological-capital-at-time-2xaloxv1.png Table 3. ANCOVA Controlling for Psychological Capital at Time 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-sizes-and-confidence-intervals-izlw3zuk.png Table 4. Effect Sizes and Confidence Intervals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-positive-psychological-capital-intervention-this-14kn271c.png Figure 1. Positive Psychological Capital Intervention. This intervention is intended to affect each state as well as the overall level of psychological capital for performance impact. Source: Adapted from Luthans, Avey et al., 2006 and also found in Luthans et al., 2007. https://scispace.com/papers/the-development-and-revitalisation-of-shrinking-cities-a-40rzkzaq9g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relative-unemployment-in-niagara-county-ny-and-st-1lqbbhgj.png Figure 3: Relative unemployment in Niagara County, NY and St Catharine’s-Niagara CMA, ON. Source: Statistics Canada (2013) and US Bureau of Labor Statistics (2013) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fertility-rates-for-niagara-county-ny-and-st-1dlkmnfv.png Figure 2: Fertility rates for Niagara County, NY and St Catharines-Niagara, ON. Source: National Center for Health Statistics (2012) and Statistics Canada (2013) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-response-strategies-based-on-perception-of-3os58vag.png Figure 4: Response strategies based on perception of shrinkage (Pallagst et al., 2016) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-municipal-population-of-niagara-falls-ny-and-1surn80f.png Figure 1: Municipal population of Niagara Falls, NY and Niagara Falls, ON. Source: Statistics Canada (2013) and US Census Bureau (2013) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-progression-of-perceptions-of-and-strategies-to-e3hv89jt.png Figure 4: Response strategies based on perception of shrinkage (Pallagst et al., 2016) https://scispace.com/papers/the-development-and-validation-of-the-portuguese-risk-score-lpamgmox6i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-final-model-ahc0djf4.png Table 2 – Final model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-area-under-the-receiver-operating-curves-from-the-1rrgb589.png Fig. 1 – Area under the receiver operating curves from the external validation data sets. (i) IFG/type 2 diabetes using the cross sectional Porto data. (ii) Type 2 diabetes only using the cross sectional Porto data. (iii) IFG/type 2 diabetes using the prospective Porto data. (iv) Type 2 diabetes only using the prospective Porto data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-external-validation-of-the-risk-score-using-both-the-23zhk110.png Table 3 – External validation of the risk score using both the Porto cross-sectional data and the prospective data. Cut point Screened (%) Sensitivity (%) Specificity (%) PPV (%) NPV (%) LR+ LR− https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-data-used-to-develop-and-2m83nwyx.png Table 1 – Characteristics of the data used to develop and validate the score. https://scispace.com/papers/the-development-of-a-foundation-level-pharmacy-competency-m3v2dhuicl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-respondents-demographics-2-mbheic6w.png Table 1: Respondents’ demographics 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-development-of-a-classification-system-for-maternity-2y7zv6h1iq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stage-1-and-2-maccs-development-process-iofh9zu8.png Figure 1. Stage 1 and 2 MaCCS development process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-major-model-categories-1cs2bebu.png Table 2. Major Model Categories. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-final-data-elements-in-the-maccs-unxdm6pv.png Table 1. Final data elements in the MaCCS. https://scispace.com/papers/the-development-of-a-model-for-the-prediction-of-polymer-4r16mdtp80 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-major-methods-to-assess-polymer-3htjke7z.png Table 1. Summary of major methods to assess polymer suitability for high pressure enriched oxygen https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-selected-hydrocarbon-oxidation-activation-energy-3aklp7vm.png Table 4. Selected hydrocarbon oxidation activation energy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3dmdl5ip.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-high-pressure-bomb-test-results-1gx8mxps.png Table 2. High Pressure bomb test results https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-comparison-of-sits-at-different-oxygen-and-nitrogen-tbfc989v.png Table 9. Comparison of SITs at different oxygen and nitrogen levels (Court 2001) with SIT values calculated for different oxygen partial pressures using data for 100% oxygen. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-a-comparison-of-sit-values-predicted-for-13-2-mpa-151d0rys.png Table 7. A Comparison of SIT values predicted for 13.2 MPa from 2.1 MPa PDSC test data, and Bomb test results for 13.2 MPa https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-a-comparison-of-sit-values-predicted-for-13-2-mpa-y0lzpuxi.png Table 8. A Comparison of SIT values predicted for 13.2 MPa from 3.4 MPa PDSC test data, Bomb test results for 13.2 MPa https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pressurised-differential-scanning-calorimetry-ta-2ani6pjd.png Table 3. Pressurised Differential Scanning Calorimetry TA Instruments 2910 results https://scispace.com/papers/the-development-of-a-more-risk-sensitive-and-flexible-2cij5zbw3v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-stages-in-model-application-23iy84t1.png Figure 12 Stages in model application https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-scenario-5-8moo1gqz.png Figure 6 Scenario 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-scenario-6-2y6hwe48.png Figure 7 Scenario 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-landing-undershoot-y-distance-ccpd-3k0lqkwu.png Figure 11 Landing undershoot y distance CCPD https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-asa-width-requirements-residual-risks-2ofoz8no.png Table 6 ASA width requirements & residual risks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-bct-end-of-runway-5-asa-requirement-tls-10-7-1n3k4n03.png Figure 20 BCT end of runway 5 ASA requirement (TLS 10-7) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-scenario-1-x-distance-ccpd-199mpjeq.png Figure 8 Scenario 1 x distance CCPD https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-bct-asa-requirements-tls-10-7-25joersb.png Figure 19 BCT ASA Requirements (TLS 10-7) https://scispace.com/papers/the-development-of-computerized-two-tier-diagnostic-test-and-2ldb38xt9m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-second-tier-test-2m0v9cvc.png Figure 3. Example of second tier test https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-evaluation-result-3s0bt383.png Table 1. The evaluation result https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-system-architecture-of-dr-system-3jnemtu9.png Figure 4. System architecture of Dr system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-first-tier-test-2iqed5yd.png Figure 2. Example of first tier test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-tier-conceptual-framework-for-dr-system-2v8gdava.png Figure 1. 3-tier conceptual framework for Dr system https://scispace.com/papers/the-development-of-coarse-spaces-for-domain-decomposition-1mq60nnmpy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-decomposition-of-subdomains-for-feti-dp-and-bddc-sdermuac.png Fig. 1. Decomposition of subdomains for FETI–DP and BDDC methods. https://scispace.com/papers/the-development-of-cortical-sensitivity-to-visual-word-forms-1o1c0i09u8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ots-activation-volume-varies-by-age-bars-show-mean-13k2xxpv.png Figure 5. OTS activation volume varies by age. Bars show mean cluster volume for the word visibility contrast (two most visible word conditions vs. two least visible word conditions) for each age group (n = 1, 6, 11, 21, 28, 25, 18, 6, 4, 9, respectively) in LOTS and ROTS. Adult cluster volume calculated on data from Ben-Shachar et al. (2007). Error bars represent SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-longitudinal-change-in-lots-volume-bars-show-mean-2vbyldn4.png Figure 6. Longitudinal change in LOTS volume. Bars show mean year-to-year change in LOTS cluster volume, calculated as the difference (LOTS volume in year n) − (LOTS volume in year n − 1). Activation clusters captured as in Figure 5. Positive change indicates volume growth; negative change indicates volume decrease. Data are grouped by age, with 7- to 9-year-old children showing positive change (year-to-year increase in LOTS volume), 10- to 12-year-olds showing no change, and 13- to 15-year-olds showing negative change (year-to-year decrease in LOTS volume). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-participant-population-3fhmd8dj.png Table 1. Demographics of Participant Population https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-paradigm-and-age-grouped-neurometric-1qn20rft.png Figure 1. Experimental paradigm and age-grouped neurometric curves in LOTS. (A) Word visibility was controlled parametrically by varying the amount of phase scrambling applied to common four-letter English nouns. Stimuli were presented in blocks (six stimuli, 12 sec) in a pseudorandom order, interleaved with fixation blocks (12 sec, uniform gray rectangles). A black or dark blue fixation cross was refreshed every 2 sec throughout all blocks. Subjects indicated the color of the fixation cross using a response box. (B) Neurometric curves measured in the LOTS grouped by age: 7–8 years (brown), 9–11 years (orange), and 12–15 years (yellow). Mean change in contrast (ΔBOLD) is plotted as a function of visibility (inverse noise level). The ΔBOLD contrast is the difference between the fMRI responses for shape + noise and for noise alone. Circles represent the data, and separate curves were fitted to the data from each age group. The fitted curves were constrained to have the same upper asymptote and slope, differing only in horizontal position. Horizontal error bars represent the standard error, computed by bootstrapping. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-longitudinal-change-in-lots-predicted-by-the-change-ww9g50ej.png Figure 2. Longitudinal change in LOTS predicted by the change in SWE. (A) Threshold visibility is the visibility level that gives rise to half the maximum fMRI response, and sensitivity is (1− threshold). In this example, the threshold decreases (sensitivity increases) across four measurements (brown to yellow shapes). (B) Change in sensitivity is computed as the slope (α) of a line fit to the sensitivity measures over time. Similarly, behavioral change is computed as the slope of a line through the raw behavioral scores over time. Subjects with fewer than three usable data sets are excluded from this analysis. (C) The correlation between longitudinal change in LOTS sensitivity and SWE is highly significant (r = 0.564, SE = ±0.11; SE is computed by bootstrapping, n = 28). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ots-word-visibility-curves-grouped-by-reading-skill-h8yy2d4y.png Figure 4. OTS word visibility curves grouped by reading skill. Dashed lines with square symbols depict mean curves for poor readers (basic reading standardized score < 90, mean age = 10.85, n = 7 participants contributing 14 curves); full lines with circular symbols depict mean curves for good readers (basic reading standardized score ≥ 100, mean age = 10.76, n = 26 participants contributing 58 curves). Error bars are calculated as SEM, wherein n is the number of unique participants (which is more conservative than the number of observations). https://scispace.com/papers/the-development-of-image-processing-technique-to-study-the-3se55icqsb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-9-the-trajectories-of-different-methods-2910qanc.png Figure 5.9: The trajectories of different methods superimposed on the first image of Gave de Pau river sequence (top), normalized distance error of different methods (middle) and the normalized distance error of SGSD with different turbulent Schmidt number (bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-6-the-trajectories-of-different-methods-2m9gfwok.png Figure 5.6: The trajectories of different methods superimposed on the first image of the Arc river second sequence (top). Normalized distance error of different methods (middle). Normalized distance error of SGSD with different turbulent Schmidt numbers (bottom) https://scispace.com/papers/the-development-of-heavy-ion-accelerators-as-drivers-for-2q00fqeuby 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-2k1kyfrs.png FIGURE 16 , https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-19xbkex1.png TABLE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1mp6x1k9.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-cost-of-electric-power-for-nominal-gain-pellets-3d8im42e.png Figure 12: Cost of Electric Power for Nominal-Gain Pellets Using the HIF Cost Function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hif-staged-development-strategy-21znotkx.png Figure 2: HIF Staged Development Strategy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-accelerated-schedule-leading-to-a-1-mj-driver-by-31kmqez8.png Figure 3: Accelerated Schedule Leading to a 1 MJ Driver by 1987 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-awuipdpu.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-energy-flow-in-an-icf-system-25f8gdle.png FIGURE 4: ENERGY FLOW IN AN ICF SYSTEM https://scispace.com/papers/the-development-of-shared-syntactic-representations-in-late-5b3zwc988m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-transitive-fitted-vs-observed-data-for-pp02-targets-1794b5an.png Figure 5. Transitive fitted vs. observed data for PP02 targets in Experiment 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ditransitive-fitted-vs-observed-data-in-experiment-30yyqrxg.png Figure 3. Ditransitive fitted vs. observed data in Experiment 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ditransitive-model-experiment-1-192h9dp9.png Table 3. Ditransitive model Experiment 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-priming-effect-for-each-condition-across-days-in-qsxtcwoj.png Table 4. Priming effect for each condition across days in Experiment 2 with significance levels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-theory-on-the-development-of-shared-syntactic-2z70ykj8.png Figure 1. Theory on the development of shared syntactic representations in late L2-learners (adapted from Hartsuiker & Bernolet, 2017). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-ditransitive-model-experiment-2-3vndnufg.png Table 6. Ditransitive model Experiment 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ditransitive-fitted-vs-observed-data-for-dutch-3crdeuee.png Figure 6. Ditransitive fitted vs. observed data for Dutch targets in Experiment 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ditransitive-fitted-vs-observed-data-for-pp02-a9q986fz.png Figure 7. Ditransitive fitted vs. observed data for PP02 targets in Experiment 2. https://scispace.com/papers/the-devil-dwells-in-the-tails-a-quantile-regression-approach-1bcm89219u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-quantile-regression-results-a-f-2nj8t4g0.png Fig. 2 Quantile regression results (a–f) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-quantile-regression-results-continued-a-f-crg022t3.png Fig. 3 Quantile regression results (continued) (a–f) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-on-non-interactive-terms-in-jkx2kqwe.png Table 2 Descriptive statistics on non-interactive terms in the model (N=9105) Variable 1st qrtl. Mean Median 3rd qrtl. S.D. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-matrix-of-continuous-variables-n-9105-fhr5qu15.png Table 3 Correlation matrix of continuous variables (N=9105) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-kernel-density-plot-of-the-empirical-firm-growth-rate-3infdbih.png Fig. 1 Kernel density plot of the empirical firm growth rate distribution and associated Gaussian distribution (log-scale) https://scispace.com/papers/the-devil-is-in-the-detail-discrepancy-between-soil-organic-ejt536vd3j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-total-kt-oc-and-average-kg-m-2-soc-stocks-in-the-33nvklyi.png Table 5: Total (kt OC) and average (kg m-2) SOC stocks in the valley of the Kleine Nete estimated by data 475 derived at the regional and local scale. 476 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-measured-and-estimated-bulk-densities-of-depth-2175utu4.png Table 6: Measured and estimated bulk densities of depth intervals per land use type, together with mean error 478 (ME) and root mean squared error (RMSE) values. 479 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-different-regional-data-sources-and-32bzyoec.png Table 1: Overview of the different regional data sources and their characteristics. 464 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-levels-of-generalisation-and-their-corresponding-24rjc9is.png Table 2: Levels of generalisation and their corresponding assumptions used in the multi-level spatial 466 generalisation approach to estimate local SOC stocks. 467 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-overview-of-the-different-land-use-types-their-area-3lw1kw4a.png Table 3: Overview of the different land use types, their area and SOC stock estimate at the regional scale. 471 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-goodness-of-fit-measurements-of-the-regional-maps-to-gzqfzbhj.png Table 4: Goodness-of-fit measurements of the regional maps to estimate the SOC stock of the 31 profiles. 473 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-444-3or87poj.png Figures 444 https://scispace.com/papers/the-devil-is-in-the-shadow-do-institutions-affect-income-and-37vcfc0qdo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-official-and-total-output-8or4zg5g.png Table 1: Distribution of official and total output https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-productivity-calculations-ratios-to-u-s-values-c7sdiz0c.png Table 4: Productivity calculations: ratios to U.S. values https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measures-of-success-of-the-factor-only-model-3giiq5m4.png Table 2: Measures of success of the factor-only model https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-institutions-and-output-year-2000-jjwgsnzg.png Table 5: Institutions and output, year 2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-decomposing-the-impact-of-institutions-on-total-5yjym2lo.png Table 7: Decomposing the impact of institutions on total output, 2SLS, 76 countries, year 2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6b-institutions-and-total-factor-productivity-76-3conc9fd.png Table 6b: Institutions and Total Factor Productivity, 76 countries, year 2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6a-institutions-and-total-factor-productivity-76-3bqptz35.png Table 6b: Institutions and Total Factor Productivity, 76 countries, year 2000 https://scispace.com/papers/the-devil-is-in-the-details-sex-differences-in-simple-4bp855hctf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-expected-offer-by-game-3ob3qm6g.png Figure 2 Expected offer by game https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-design-2iv7ovrl.png Table 1: Experimental design https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-ordered-probit-regressions-on-responders-decisions-kr9cho8o.png Table 6 Ordered probit regressions on responders’ decisions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2b-offers-by-type-of-pair-average-and-standard-error-35tbaclt.png Table 2b Offers by Type of Pair Average and Standard Error in the YNG https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-offers-by-type-of-pair-average-and-standard-error-akm4zekf.png Table 2b Offers by Type of Pair Average and Standard Error in the YNG https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ordinal-probit-regressions-on-proposers-decisions-2187q5qq.png Table 5 Ordinal probit regressions on proposers’ decisions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-definition-of-variables-w7e2a44f.png Table 4 Definition of Variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1b-stated-probability-of-acceptance-in-the-yng-1vdg2w9e.png Figure 1b Stated probability of acceptance in the YNG https://scispace.com/papers/the-dilemma-of-direct-democracy-2uyombtxv2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-voter-knowledge-about-proposition-7-by-policy-3o7vjzjk.png Table 1 – Voter Knowledge about Proposition 7, by Policy Preference https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-probability-of-voting-yes-on-proposition-7-m31aqaxe.png Figure 1 – Probability of Voting Yes on Proposition 7 (Respondents Favored Renewable Energy) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-also-contains-correlations-for-knowledge-about-rzo2lfxf.png Table 3 also contains correlations for knowledge about Proposition 7. Similar to the https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pair-wise-correlations-of-knowledge-treatments-41rqxkew.png Table 3 also contains correlations for knowledge about Proposition 7. Similar to the https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-for-proposition-7-and-24dgcn1r.png Table 2 – Descriptive Statistics for Proposition 7 and Regression Covariates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-probability-of-voting-no-on-proposition-7-33jej0o0.png Figure 2 – Probability of Voting No on Proposition 7 (Respondents Did Not Favor Renewable Energy) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-logit-regression-results-for-vote-on-proposition-3ozpdlcv.png Table 4 – Logit Regression Results for Vote on Proposition 7123 https://scispace.com/papers/the-digital-project-of-the-rai-archive-catalogue-chronology-y56cahlgy3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nazi-stamp-on-printed-score-of-the-rais-german-wte46bdn.png Figure 2. Nazi stamp on printed score of the RAI’s “German repertoire” collection. https://scispace.com/papers/the-dipolar-endofullerene-hf-c60-5bcmb3wkhr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimate-of-the-electric-dipole-moment-based-on-the-mp4jodib.png Figure 4. Estimate of the electric dipole moment based on the temperature dependence of the bulk dielectric constant. The blue line shows the difference in molecular polarizability volumes of HF@C60 and C60, estimated from dielectric constant measurements. The data are well represented by a linear rotor with the HF gas phase rotational constant, but a reduced dipole moment of 0.45 Debye (red curve). For comparison, the lower and upper gray curves show the expected polarizability for dipole moments of 0.4 and 0.5 Debye, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-energy-levels-of-confined-hf-a-ins-at-1-6-k-red-and-3goykpzd.png Figure 3. Energy levels of confined HF. (a) INS at 1.6 K (red) and far-IR spectra at 5 K (black) of polycrystalline HF@C60. (b) Mid-IR spectrum of HF@C60 at 5 K. The figures have the same energy width across the horizontal scale and (b) is aligned so that the fundamental vibrational transition at 3791.1 cm-1 falls in line with the zero energy position in (a). (c) Energy levels and the assignments of the transitions using the vibrational (v), translational (N) and rotational (J) quantum numbers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-19f-nmr-spectra-of-hf-c60-in-the-polycrystalline-2tck6xai.png Figure 2. 19F NMR spectra of HF@C60 in the polycrystalline solid state at three different magic-anglespinning frequencies. The top spectrum displays a clear doublet structure due to the 1H-19F J-coupling, with two sets of spinning sidebands on either side, caused by a chemical shift anisotropy interaction https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-positions-of-the-maxima-for-the-observed-transitions-3skl3kj7.png Table 1. Positions of the maxima for the observed transitions in HF@C60 and corresponding line positions of free HF.a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-synthesis-of-hf-c60-from-hf-1-with-pph3-loss-of-hf-1m8iims9.png Figure 1. Synthesis of HF@C60 from HF@1. With PPh3 loss of HF from HF@3 was faster than the elimination of PPh3O giving empty 4; with P(2-furyl)3 the formation of 3 required a higher temperature and HF was again lost; with PPh(2-furyl)2 the endohedral HF survived both stages giving HF@4. https://scispace.com/papers/the-direct-scattering-problem-of-obliquely-incident-2b4wztl37z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-set-r-2oq19yih.png Figure 1. The set Ωr. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-norms-of-the-electric-fields-u0-and-u1-left-and-35u35p1h.png Figure 4. The norms of the electric fields u0 and u1 (left) and of the magnetic fields v0 and v1 (right) for φ = π/2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-norms-of-the-electric-fields-u0-and-u1-left-and-18yxxnit.png Figure 5. The norms of the electric fields u0 and u1 (left) and of the magnetic fields v0 and v1 (right) for φ = π/9. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-absolute-errors-of-the-far-field-patterns-of-u0-and-hm3s04lz.png Table 1. Absolute errors of the far field patterns of u0 and v0 for different orders n at discrete points t. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-far-field-patterns-reconstructed-blue-open-31x5km6j.png Figure 3. The far field patterns: Reconstructed (blue open circles) and exact (red solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-parametrization-of-the-boundary-g-and-the-2t4vtg69.png Figure 2. The parametrization of the boundary Γ and the source points. https://scispace.com/papers/the-direct-scattering-problem-of-obliquely-incident-5dlw6mk07m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-set-r-1703waxk.png Figure 1. The set Ωr. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-norms-of-the-electric-fields-u0-and-u1-left-and-3b1q07te.png Figure 4. The norms of the electric fields u0 and u1 (left) and of the magnetic fields v0 and v1 (right) for φ = π/2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-norms-of-the-electric-fields-u0-and-u1-left-and-1vd23uzy.png Figure 5. The norms of the electric fields u0 and u1 (left) and of the magnetic fields v0 and v1 (right) for φ = π/9. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-absolute-errors-of-the-far-field-patterns-of-u0-and-2c9rzv0t.png Table 1. Absolute errors of the far field patterns of u0 and v0 for different orders n at discrete points t. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-far-field-patterns-reconstructed-blue-open-4r1uwyno.png Figure 3. The far field patterns: Reconstructed (blue open circles) and exact (red solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-parametrization-of-the-boundary-g-and-the-zyca9wfe.png Figure 2. The parametrization of the boundary Γ and the source points. https://scispace.com/papers/the-disappearing-large-firm-wage-premium-136jqr4k3w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-decomposition-of-lfwp-into-within-between-industry-10p7tzao.png Table I – Decomposition of LFWP into Within-/Between-Industry Components https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-add-caption-2f239v6x.png Table 1: Add caption https://scispace.com/papers/the-dis-similarities-between-neural-networks-based-upon-4ozrmm4id1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-experimental-procedure-participants-received-an-3905gxqk.png Fig. 1 The experimental procedure. Participants received an instruction on when they should 154 press a certain button (e.g. press the button with your left thumb when touch interaction initiator 155 wears black sweatshirt). After a baseline of 6 s, the stimuli were presented for 3 s always 156 followed by an inter-stimulus interval of 3 s, during which a fixation cross was presented and 157 participants could press a button. In this example, still frames of three social touch videos are 158 shown (left: hug, middle: stroke, right: shake). All videos can be found here: 159 https://osf.io/nq5mf/ 160 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-illustration-of-correlations-left-and-partial-2v5u645g.png Fig. 4 Illustration of correlations (left) and partial correlations (right) between the activation 380 (UNIVAR), representation (RSA), connectivity (FCA) and anatomical proximity (Anat. Prox.) 381 network. Yellow = strong (partial) correlation. Blue = weak (partial) correlation 382 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-visualization-of-the-different-networks-after-z-1dcobb7f.png Fig. 5 a. Visualization of the different networks after z-score standardization of the correlation 439 coefficients. b. Visualization of the different networks after regressing out the signal explained 440 by the other networks. In a. and b. Top left: activation network (UNIVAR), top right: 441 representation network (RSA), bottom left: connectivity network (FCA), bottom right: 442 anatomical proximity network. Yellow in the matrix = when two ROIs are very similar in their 443 activation (UNIVAR results) or their representation (RSA results), are well connected (FCA 444 results), or are located closely in the brain. Blue in the matrix = when two ROIs are very 445 different in their activation (UNIVAR results) or their representation (RSA results), are not 446 connected (FCA results), or are located remotely in the brain. SOMA (red) = somatosensory-447 motor network areas, PAIN (yellow) = pain network areas, SOCOG (purple) = social-cognitive 448 network areas, VISUAL (green) = visual network areas 449 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-visualization-of-the-different-networks-before-z-score-1a2hhgc9.png Fig. 3 Visualization of the different networks before z-score standardization of the correlation 336 coefficients. Top left: activation network (UNIVAR), top right: representation network (RSA), 337 bottom left: connectivity network (FCA), bottom right: anatomical proximity network. Yellow 338 in the matrix = when two ROIs are very similar in their activation (UNIVAR results) or their 339 representation (RSA results), are well connected (FCA results), or are located closely in the 340 brain. Blue in the matrix = when two ROIs are very different in their activation (UNIVAR 341 results) or their representation (RSA results), are not connected (FCA results), or are located 342 remotely in the brain. SOMA (red) = somatosensory-motor network areas, PAIN (yellow) = 343 pain network areas, SOCOG (purple) = social-cognitive network areas, VISUAL (green) = 344 visual network areas 345 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-the-different-roi-networks-top-left-39pz1tkl.png Fig. 2 Illustration of the different ROI networks. Top left: somatosensory-motor network ROIs 194 including BA1 (red), BA4 (pink), BA2 (yellow), BA3 (purple) and PO (blue). Top right: social-195 cognitive network ROIs including precuneus (red), STG (pink), MTG (yellow) and TPJ 196 (purple). Bottom left: pain network ROIs including insula (red) and MCC (yellow). Bottom 197 right: visual network ROIs including BA17 (red), BA37 (pink), BA18 (yellow), BA19 (purple) 198 and V5 (blue). This figure was made using CONN toolbox 17 (Whitfield-Gabrieli and Nieto-199 Castanon, 2012) 200 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-procrustes-transformed-mds-results-of-the-activation-c45lrp1b.png Fig. 6 Procrustes transformed MDS results of the activation (UNIVAR, blue) and connectivity 469 network (FCA, green) to the MDS results of the representation network (RSA, red). SOMA 470 (circles) = somatosensory-motor network areas, PAIN (squares) = pain network areas, SOCOG 471 (diamonds) = social-cognitive network areas, VISUAL (triangles) = visual network areas 472 https://scispace.com/papers/the-discovery-and-nature-of-optical-transient-css100217-2i56x9ig2x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-correction-parameters-2ncopq6k.png Table 6 Correction Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sdss-spectrum-emission-lines-21tc92ya.png Table 4 SDSS Spectrum Emission Lines https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-multicolor-evolution-of-css100217-near-peak-from-ynjgobio.png Figure 2. Multicolor evolution of CSS100217 near peak from the Swift space telescope and ARIES 1 m. Swift UVOT observations are in uvw1, uvw2, uvm2, u, v, and b bands. ARIES observations are in Johnson U, B, V and Cousins R and I bands. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-near-ir-light-curves-of-css100217-in-j-h-and-ks-4xaxtgi8.png Figure 3. Near-IR light curves of CSS100217 in J, H, and Ks bands. The shortdashed line presents the observedKs-band values, the long-dashed line connects H-band measurements, and the solid line J-band magnitudes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-fit-to-outburst-ha-emission-observed-with-palomar-3ox39mbn.png Figure 10. Fit to outburst Hα emission observed with Palomar 5 m on 2010 November 9. The red line shows the SDSS profile and the black line the Palomar data after subtracting the SDSS fit. The green line shows the three-component fit. The dashed blue line shows the broad Hα component. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-archival-sdss-dr7-spectrum-of-the-host-galaxy-to-2gn45n1v.png Figure 4. Archival SDSS DR7 spectrum of the host galaxy to CSS100217 (SDSS J102912.58+404219.7). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observation-sequence-2fav8jb1.png Table 1 Observation Sequence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-vcss-light-curves-of-css100217-taken-with-the-0-7-m-2k2c1rg4.png Figure 1. VCSS light curves of CSS100217 taken with the 0.7 m Catalina Schmidt telescope with respect to Modified Julian Date and maximum light. Left: the full CSS light curve covering host and event. Right: the event light curve after subtracting the galaxy flux. The dates on which the IGO, P200, APO, MDM, and Keck follow-up spectra were observed are marked with arrows. https://scispace.com/papers/the-discriminatory-power-of-the-t-cell-receptor-2cgcfoz1ym 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-naive-memory-and-blast-human-cd8-t-cells-exhibit-2tf1j6bl.png Figure 2: Naïve, memory, and blast human CD8+ T cells exhibit enhanced but imperfect discrimination. (A) Protocol for producing quiescent primary human naïve and memory CD8+ T cells interacting with autologous moDCs as APCs. (B,C) Example dose-responses for naïve and memory T cells. Potency (P15) is determined by the concentration of peptide eliciting 15 % activation. (D,E) Examples of potency vs. KD fitted with a power law. Fold-change in KD and in potency derived from fits are shown. (F) Experimental protocol for producing primary human CD8+ T cell blasts interacting with the glioblastoma cell line U87 as APCs. (G,H) Example dose-responses and (I,J) potency vs. KD plots for T cell blasts expressing the indicated TCR. (K-L) Comparison of the fitted discrimination power (α) and fitted sensitivity (C). Shown are means with each dot representing an independent experiment (n=3–6). (K) In grey the result of a statistical test vs. 1 is shown (p<0.0001 for naïve, memory & pooled, p=0.0002 for U87/1G4, p=0.0009 for U87/A6). 95 % CI for pooled α in K is 1.9–2.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-kinetic-proofreading-mechanism-explains-tcr-eadq6lnz.png Figure 5: The kinetic proofreading mechanism explains TCR discrimination. (A) Schematic of the KP model. The KP time delay between initial binding (step 0) and signalling (step N) is τKP = N/kp. (B) Example fit of the KP model to data generated using CD8+ blasts stimulated with pMHC + ICAM1 showing that the fitted kp is near the KD threshold where potency saturates andN is the slope away from this saturation point. (C) The fitted number of steps (median with min/max) was a global shared parameter for all plate or APC experiments. (D) The fitted KP rate was a local parameter for individual experiments. (E) The KP time delay calculated from N in (C) and individual kp values in (D). (F) Pooled APC data are used to compute means of kp and τKP of 1.0 (95 % CI: 0.7–1.2) and 2.8 (95 % CI: 2.2–3.6), respectively. (G,H) Binary heatmaps showing when sensitivity (red) and discrimination (blue) are achieved for the indicated discrimination power. Results shown using stochastic simulations (dots) or deterministic calculations (continuous colours). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-t-cell-discriminatory-power-is-enhanced-by-13g0ieey.png Figure 4: The T cell discriminatory power is enhanced by ligation of the receptors CD2 or LFA-1. (A) Protocol for stimulation of CD8+ T cell blasts with plate-bound recombinant ligands. (B,C) Example dose-response curve for 1G4 T cell blasts stimulated with (B) pMHC alone or (C) in combination with CD58 or ICAM1. (D,E) Potency derived from dose-response curves over KD showing the power function fit (D) with pMHC alone or (E) in combination with CD58 or ICAM1. (F) Comparison of the fitted discrimination power (α) and fitted sensitivity (C). Shown are geometric means with each dot representing an independent experiment (n=4–-5). (F) In grey the result of a statistical test vs. 1 is shown (p=0.09 for pMHC, p=0.002 for CD58 & ICAM1, p=0.0002 for U87/1G4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-discriminatory-power-of-the-tcr-is-higher-than-z6b92914.png Figure 6: The discriminatory power of the TCR is higher than conventional surface receptors. (A-E) Representative dose-response (left column) and potency over KD or koff (right column) for the indicated surface receptor. (F) Discrimination powers for the indicated receptor. Data for the TCR as in Fig. 3I (Combined data) and data for other receptors are summarised in Table S6 and Fig. S9 (ID: 5 (A), 15 (B), 20 (C), 25 (D), 29 (E)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-systematic-analyses-shows-enhanced-but-imperfect-3w3sihxk.png Figure 3: Systematic analyses shows enhanced but imperfect discriminatory powers for the TCR that depend on the antigen presenting surface. (A-H) T cell dose-responses and potency/affinity plots for (AC) the original murine TCR data, revised analysis of the original murine TCRs using (D) new functional and binding data or (E,F) only new binding data, and examples of other (G) murine and (H) human TCRs. The highest affinity peptide (KD < 1 µM) for the 1E6 TCR was excluded because it saturated the response and would have artificially lowered the fitted α (see Methods for inclusion and exclusion criteria). Additional information on each panel is provided in Table S5 (ID: 2 (A), 11 (B), 14 (C), 5D), 13 (E), 17 (F), 23 (G), and 42 (F)). (I) Comparison of discrimination powers with mean and 95% CI (Combined data includes revised OTI, 3L.2, and 2B4 and other mouse and human data). (J) Discrimination powers shown in (I) parsed into each TCR. (K) Comparison between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. (L) Comparison between different T cell responses. (M) Comparison between conditions with and without the CD4/CD8 co-receptors. (N) Comparison as in (M) but for paired data (where both conditions were present in the same study). (O) Comparison between the use of APCs or artificial plate surfaces to present antigens. Combined data is used in (K,L), in (M) (+coreceptor), and (O) (APC data). Complete list of all 70 calculated powers can be found in Table S5 and Fig. S4-6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-measuring-ultra-low-tcr-pmhc-affinities-using-spr-2fmz2rf2.png Figure 1: Measuring ultra-low TCR/pMHC affinities using SPR at 37◦C using a constrained Bmax method. (A-C) Comparison of 1G4 TCR binding to a higher (left panels, 9V) and lower (right panels, 5F) affinity pMHC. (A) Schematic comparing TCR and W6/32 binding. (B) Example SPR sensograms showing injections of different TCR concentrations followed by the W6/32 antibody. (C) Steady-state binding response from (B) over the TCR concentration (filled circles) fitted to determine KD when Bmax is either fitted (standard method) or constrained (new method). (D) Empirical standard curve relating W6/32 binding to fitted Bmax obtained using higher affinity interactions. (E) Correlation of KD obtained using the fitted and constrained methods. Each dot represents an individual measurement (n=136; 63 for 1G4 TCR, 73 for A6 TCR). (F) Coefficient of variation for higher (<100 µM) or lower affinity (>100 µM) interactions. (G) Selected pMHC panel for A6 TCR. (H) Selected pMHC panel for 1G4 TCR. Mean values of KD are indicated in bars and ligands used for functional experiments in the main text are coloured. https://scispace.com/papers/the-dislocation-enhaced-snoek-effect-dese-in-high-purity-370dvuk5oz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-evolut-ion-of-the-height-of-t-h-e-carbon-desp-c-aq9cvoo4.png Fig. 4. The evolut ion of the height of t h e carbon DESP/C/ with the amount of p l a s t i c deformation a t RT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-in-f-luence-of-successive-anneal-ings-a-t-305-k-on-2kf0zgbd.png Fig. 3. The in f luence of successive anneal ings a t 305 K on t h e carbon DESP/C/ obtained a f t e r 10% CW a t RT (sample B). https://scispace.com/papers/the-disputed-uma-mahesvara-in-the-los-angeles-county-museum-576aotbqvt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-uma-mahesvara-8th-c-banpur-lalitpur-district-uttar-3vco3qcp.png Fig. 4. Umā-Maheśvara. 8th c. Banpur, Lalitpur District, Uttar Pradesh, India. Sandstone. Photograph: Courtesy of the American Institute of Indian Studies, 53616. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-matr-ka-early-5th-c-besnagar-vidisha-district-madhya-1wqezsf6.png Fig. 9. Mātr ˙ kā. Early 5th c. Besnagar, Vidisha District, Madhya Pradesh, India. Sandstone. National Museum, New Delhi, 51.101. Photograph: Courtesy of the American Institute of Indian Studies, 6514. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-cauri-bearer-8th-c-kanauj-farrukhabad-district-uttar-1exqkr3v.png Fig. 13. Caurı̄ bearer. 8th c. Kanauj, Farrukhabad District, Uttar Pradesh, India. Sandstone. State Museum, Lucknow. Photograph: Courtesy of the American Institute of Indian Studies, 49926. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-four-of-the-seven-mother-goddesses-ca-750-800-madhya-2rgbm19m.png Fig. 19. Four of the seven Mother Goddesses. Ca. 750–800. Madhya Pradesh or Uttar Pradesh, India. Sandstone; h. 56, w. 84, d. 15 cm. Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, Gift of Dr. Stephen A. Sherwin and Merrill Randol Sherwin, F2004.38. 6 Asian Art Museum of San Francisco. Used by permission. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-uma-mahesvara-date-disputed-uttar-pradesh-india-gray-2uixwvbi.png Fig. 1. Umā-Maheśvara. Date disputed. Uttar Pradesh, India. Gray sandstone; h. 96.52, w. 54.61, d. 19.05 cm. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, From the Nasli and Alice Heeramaneck Collection, Museum Associates Purchase. M.72.53.2. Photograph 6 2007 Museum Associates/LACMA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-detail-of-fig-1-heads-and-upper-torsos-of-the-lacma-2e4mjzys.png Fig. 5. Detail of Fig. 1: Heads and upper torsos of the LACMA Śiva and Umā. Photograph 6 2007 Museum Associates/LACMA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-umapati-4th-c-bhita-allahabad-district-uttar-pradesh-1uy39em5.png Fig. 20. Umāpati. 4th c. Bhita, Allahabad District, Uttar Pradesh, India. Terra-cotta. Indian Museum, Kolkata, A10380/NS1209. From Doris Meth Srinivasan, Many Heads, Arms, and Eyes: Origin, Meaning, and Form of Multiplicity in Indian Art (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1997), pl. 19.14. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-kaumari-early-5th-c-badohpathari-vidisha-district-2p56nq9q.png Fig. 8. Kaumari. Early 5th c. BadohPathari, Vidisha District, Madhya Pradesh, India. Sandstone. Photograph: Courtesy of the American Institute of Indian Studies, 11813. https://scispace.com/papers/the-disposal-of-public-sector-sites-by-development-28gdee50sn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-in-your-authority-over-the-past-three-years-was-1mdt9q81.png Figure 2: In your authority over the past three years, was there a problem relating to planning permission or a planning agreement following a competition? https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-development-competitions-tend-to-result-in-1gvasly9.png Figure 6: Development Competitions tend to result in (percentages) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-development-competition-process-local-authority-2vcdhxmk.png Figure 1. The Development Competition Process (Local Authority vendor) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-in-your-authority-over-the-past-three-years-if-the-76ac8vg0.png Figure 5: In your authority over the past three years, if the preferred bidder sought to renegotiate the terms of the sale, what did the authority do? https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-in-your-authority-over-the-past-three-years-did-a-3kpewten.png Figure 4: In your authority over the past three years, did a preferred developer withdraw following a competition? https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-in-your-authority-over-the-past-three-years-did-a-10im8o3p.png Figure 3: In your authority over the past three years, did a preferred bidder seek to renegotiate the terms of sale? https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-defining-a-development-competition-35msho6z.png Table 1: Defining a Development Competition https://scispace.com/papers/the-displaced-northern-muslims-of-sri-lanka-special-problems-35fg0hvebe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-muslim-families-and-persons-forcibly-evicted-from-3gnmnv5d.png Table 1. Muslim families and persons forcibly evicted from the Northern Province by the LTTE in October 1990 https://scispace.com/papers/the-distribution-of-plasmid-fitness-effects-explains-plasmid-1bf7ffa9fj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-poxa-48-fitness-effects-in-a-set-of-ecologically-6fu90d34.png Figure 2. pOXA-48 fitness effects in a set of ecologically compatible wild-type enterobacteria. (a) 139 Relative values of growth-curve parameters (plasmid-carrying/plasmid-free isogenic clones): maximum 140 optical density (ODmax, pink), maximum growth rate (μmax, yellow), and area under the curve (AUC, 141 green). Dots represent each relative value (red, E. coli; blue, Klebsiella spp.). Values below 1 indicate a 142 reduction in these parameters associated with plasmid-acquisition. Five biological replicates were 143 performed for each growth curve. (b) Relative fitness (w) of plasmid-carrying clones compared with 144 https://scispace.com/papers/the-dissociative-ionization-of-methyl-fluoride-the-formation-479h9gznng 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thermodynamical-and-spectroscopic-data-used-in-this-f4x7ji5c.png TABLE 1. Thermodynamical and spectroscopic data used in this work a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-first-differentiated-retarding-potential-curves-of-21cnhtpg.png Fig. 10. First differentiated retarding potential curves of CH2 + obtained by He(I) and Ne(I) resonance lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-first-differentiated-retarding-potential-curves-of-the-1qsaue41.png Fig. 1. First differentiated retarding potential curves of the CH3 + ion at the electron energies indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-first-differentiated-ionization-efficiency-curves-of-hwi314gz.png Fig. 2. First differentiated ionization efficiency curves of CH3 + at the retarding potential settings indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-the-first-differentiated-retarding-19ayddo1.png Fig. 8. Comparison of the first differentiated retarding potential curves of the CH3 + ion as obtained by the Ne(I) resonance line and 16.5 eV electrons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-the-first-differentiated-retarding-3nnzu45l.png Fig. 7. Comparison of the first differentiated retarding potential curves of the CH3 + ion as obtained by the He(I) resonance line and 20 eV electrons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-first-differentiated-retarding-potential-curves-of-the-2m5eigei.png Fig. 4. First differentiated retarding potential curves of the CH2 + ion at the electron energies indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-kinetic-energy-vs-appearance-energy-diagram-for-ch3-1xfbrdyn.png Fig. 3. Kinetic energy vs. appearance energy diagram for CH3 +. https://scispace.com/papers/the-distribution-of-early-childhood-memories-1py7uflnii 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-distribution-of-autobiographical-memories-from-3uchasfo.png Figure 4. The distribution of autobiographical memories from early childhood shown separately for participants of different age groups. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-distribution-of-autobiographical-memories-2zcsmeq2.png Figure 1. The distribution of autobiographical memories fromearly childhood aggregated over available studies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-distribution-of-autobiographical-memories-from-1lrw2mup.png Figure 2. The distribution of autobiographical memories from early childhood for each of four methods of data collection. https://scispace.com/papers/the-distributional-effects-of-a-carbon-tax-on-current-and-3b3tljel22 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-percent-of-government-revenue-2z2a58s1.png Table 4: Percent of Government Revenue https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-steady-state-aggregates-2q71mz9x.png Table 9: Steady State Aggregates https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-probability-of-a-welfare-gain-percent-31hdm8i2.png Table 6: Probability of a Welfare Gain (percent) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-transition-dynamics-aggregates-32p27b0c.png Figure 9: Transition Dynamics: Aggregates https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-aggregate-welfare-effects-cev-percent-14ebd8pq.png Table 5: Aggregate Welfare Effects (CEV, percent) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cev-agents-alive-at-time-of-shock-dulmpp7g.png Figure 2: CEV: Agents Alive At Time of Shock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-energy-budget-share-cex-k1y6mwgt.png Figure 1: Energy Budget Share: CEX https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-transitional-welfare-for-newborn-agents-2ije75nf.png Figure 10: Transitional Welfare for Newborn Agents https://scispace.com/papers/the-dlr-ground-station-in-the-optical-payload-experiment-1r4nvnfj1j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-in-2004-the-transportable-optical-ground-station-in-a-2cjzd10q.png Fig. 1 In 2004 the Transportable Optical Ground Station in a downlink from a tethered balloon in the UK. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-transportable-optical-ground-station-during-the-1j7ajcto.png Fig. 2 The Transportable Optical Ground Station during the balloon trial in Kiruna, Sweden, August 2005. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-outline-of-the-dimm-design-a-mask-with-the-two-sub-2glaybo1.png Fig. 6 Outline of the DIMM design. A mask with the two sub-apertures is placed in the plane of the exit pupil of the telescope. The incoming beam is focused by a lens, and one of the two paths is transmitted through an optical wedge to separate the spots in the focal plane of the DIMM camera. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-measured-cn2-turbulence-profiles-during-the-30boldbe.png Fig. 12 Measured Cn2 turbulence profiles during the experiment. Fig. 13. Measured normalized PDF of the received signal calculated from the TP images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-system-components-of-the-optical-ground-station-mount-umtcsfkf.png Fig. 3 System components of the optical ground station: mount control system, closed-loop visual tracking system, and Atmospheric Transmission Monitor (Turbulence Profiler, DIMM, Power Sensor). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-profiler-weighting-functions-with-respect-to-height-2px7z8g0.png Fig. 8. Profiler weighting functions with respect to height. The functions were calculated from equation (5) for a spherical wave for a 1550nm source in the zenith. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-measured-aperture-averaging-factor-between-intensity-1ybrtz3l.png Fig. 10. Measured aperture averaging factor between intensity https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-atmospheric-coherence-length-r0-between-6-00-and-11-00-4e55e3ur.png Fig. 7. Atmospheric coherence length r0 between 6:00 and 11:00 a.m. https://scispace.com/papers/the-docking-studies-of-new-derivatives-of-n-3fb20t3m3p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-diagrams-of-interactions-of-ligands-in-complexes-3t15tski.png Fig. 5. The diagrams of interactions of ligands in complexes with mPGES-1 for compounds 10 (а) and 182 15 (b) 183 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-results-of-a-flexible-molecular-docking-of-the-3c3kfmle.png Table 1: The results of a flexible molecular docking of the compounds synthesized to the receptor of 107 mPGES-1 (pdb code 4AL0) 108 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-residues-of-amino-acids-of-the-active-site-of-the-b4ubbykk.png Table 2. Residues of amino acids of the active site of the receptor, types and energy of interactions in 211 the of 3-oxamoyl-substituted and 3-succinoyl-substituted of N-phenylanthranilic acids and their 212 methyl esters with mPGES-1 213 https://scispace.com/papers/the-dna-methylation-landscape-of-giant-viruses-1kxj1zrbqi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-phylogenetic-tree-of-the-giant-viruses-mtases-1cox5stl.png Fig. 5 Phylogenetic tree of the giant viruses MTases. Phylogenetic tree of the giant viruses’MTases along with prokaryotic and eukaryotic homologs. The blue triangles mark viral genes, the red ones eukaryotic genes and the unmarked genes are prokaryotic. The tree was computed using the LG+ R6 model from a multiple alignment of 678 informative sites. Bootstrap values were computed using the UFBoot84 method from IQtree82. All branches with support value > 80 are highlighted using purple circles. The GenBank accessions and taxonomic assignations extracted from GenBank entries are shown. The tree was rooted using the midpoint rooting method. The tree was split into five subgroups highlighted using different colors (blue, orange, red, purple, and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-encoded-mtases-and-targeted-methylated-motifs-in-the-39j106w2.png Fig. 1 Encoded MTases and targeted methylated motifs in the giant viruses’ genomes. The encoded DNA MTases of each virus are shown along with the number of occurrences of the predicted targets (if any) on both strands of the cognate genomic sequence. Modified nucleotides within the motifs are https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-presence-absence-of-r-m-systems-in-the-2zl66d3m.png Fig. 2 Presence/absence of R-M systems in the Marseilleviridae family. Phylogeny of the Marseilleviridae completely sequenced viruses with the following GenBank accessions: melbournevirus (KM275475.1)37, cannes 8 virus (KF261120.1)88, marseillevirus (GU071086.1)89, marseillevirus shanghai 1 (MG827395.1), tokyovirus A1 (AP017398.1)90, kurlavirus (KY073338.1)91, noumeavirus (KX066233.1)43, port-Miou virus (KT428292.1)92, lausannevirus (HQ113105.1)48, brazilian marseillevirus (KT752522.1)93, insectomimevirus (KF527888.1)94, tunisvirus (KF483846.1)95 and golden marseillevirus (KT835053.1)96. The phylogeny was based on protein sequence alignments of the 115 strictly conserved single copy orthologues (see Supplementary Data 1). The tree was calculated using the best model of each partitioned alignment as determined by IQtree82. Bootstrap values were computed using the UFBoot84 method. The red and blue filled circles highlight the presence of encoded marseilleviruses R-M systems MTases and REases respectively. The empty circles highlight the absence of the MTase (in red) and the REase (in blue). The arrow points to the most parsimonious acquisition of a R-M system in the Marseilleviridae family. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-expression-timing-of-the-melbournevirus-r-m-system-5ixnw6w2.png Fig. 4 Expression timing of the melbournevirus R-M system MTase and REase. Shown are the RT-PCRs of the transcripts corresponding to the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-host-and-marseilleviruses-dna-protection-against-gatc-3uoiv3wz.png Fig. 3 Host and marseilleviruses DNA protection against GATC-targeting REases. Agarose gel electrophoresis analysis of A. castellanii, melbournevirus and noumeavirus DNA digested with GATC-targeting restriction enzymes. Restriction patterns using DpnI and DpnII enzymes are presented with control DNA. DpnI cleaves DNA at GATC sites containing N6-methyl-adenines and DpnII at GATC sites containing unmethylated adenines. This experiment was repeated twice with similar results. https://scispace.com/papers/the-dorsal-nerve-of-the-clitoris-in-relation-to-urinary-4nxy06yizq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cbmi-and-distances-in-mm-between-the-dnc-to-the-2zkx7a3w.png Table 1. cBMI and distances (in mm) between the DNC to the tapes inserted https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distance-between-the-dorsal-nerve-of-the-clitoris-1bq03y6d.png Figure 3. Distance between the dorsal nerve of the clitoris and the inside-out tape. Orange pins indicates the dorsal nerve of the clitoris. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distance-between-the-dorsal-nerve-of-the-clitoris-1u32wkpl.png Figure 2. Distance between the dorsal nerve of the clitoris and the outside-in tape. Orange pins indicates the dorsal nerve of the clitoris. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-trajectory-of-the-transobturator-and-retropubic-24nobzlv.png Figure 1. Trajectory of the transobturator and retropubic trocar needles in transobturator sling placement https://scispace.com/papers/the-dorsal-visual-stream-revisited-stable-circuits-or-j1jjawprc4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-inhibition-of-grasp-related-discharge-in-v6a-when-96f8rhf5.png Figure 9. Inhibition of grasp-related discharge in V6A when grasping is performed in light. Activity modulation of a V6A grasping neuron when the animal performed an advanced precision grip in darkness (left) and in light (right). Neuronal activity is expressed as peri-stimulus time histograms and raster displays of impulse activity. Neural activity and recordings of horizontal and vertical components of eye position are aligned twice (long vertical lines across histograms), first on the illumination of the fixation light, and then on the onset of the reach-tograsp movement (see arrow). Long vertical ticks in raster displays are behavioral markers, indicating from left to right: fixation light onset, go signal, movement onset, object pull, cue to release the object, object release, end of return movement, end of trial. Scales: vertical bars on histograms, 120 spikes/s; eye traces, 60°/division. Note that in light the cell was inhibited not only during movement execution, but also during movement preparation, the inhibition starting just after the beginning of fixation. This means that the cell inhibition was not the result of the vision of the object to be grasped (since it was visible to the animal before fixation without affecting the cell’s activity), nor the result of the vision of grasping, because it started well before it. See text for an alternative explanation. https://scispace.com/papers/the-double-edged-sword-of-corporatisation-in-the-hospital-2gfjkzjntc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hospital-performances-2008-2012-39ywlyen.png Figure 3 Hospital performances 2008-2012 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spatial-distributions-of-the-54-public-hospitals-in-8giwwg0u.png Figure 2 Spatial distributions of the 54 public hospitals in East Java province https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-characteristics-of-public-hospitals-and-ej8r1328.png Table 3 Descriptive characteristics of public hospitals and their performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimates-of-corporatisation-in-different-31m9iitc.png Table 4 Estimates of corporatisation in different specifications (N max=268 hospital-year) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hospital-status-from-2008-to-2012-33heu26q.png Figure 1 Hospital status from 2008 to 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-presents-the-results-of-random-effect-and-fixed-1khfuwtz.png Table 4 Estimates of corporatisation in different specifications (N max=268 hospital-year) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-availability-of-hospital-performance-indicators-3ad5n7qr.png Table 2 Data availability of hospital performance indicators https://scispace.com/papers/the-double-mode-cepheid-v371-persei-redux-3d83yu3io4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-atmospheric-parameters-for-v371-per-2recvcy9.png TABLE 1 ATMOSPHERIC PARAMETERS FOR V371 PER https://scispace.com/papers/the-double-ionization-of-ammonia-its-dissociation-into-the-3kajg9cong 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-direct-electroionization-efficiency-curve-of-the-g09owj1g.png Fig. 1. The direct electroionization efficiency curve of the NH3 2+ dication and its first derivative in the energy range 30-100 eV. For the explanation of the dashed curve, see the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-direct-electroionization-efficiency-curve-of-the-38jfrrf2.png Fig. 2. The direct electroionization efficiency curve of the NH3 2+ dication and its first derivative in the energy range 30-50 eV. Vertical bars indicate ionization energies. The ionization energy at 44.5 eV, measured by DCTS [ 1 ] and PI [ 3], is indicated by a dashed vertical bar. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-direct-electroionization-efficiency-curve-of-the-23iepcft.png Fig. 4. The direct electroionization efficiency curve of the N2+/NH3 dication and its first derivative over the energy range 50-100 eV. Vertical bars locate the average onsets while the horizontal bars refer to the error limit on the threshold energies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-photoionization-pi-and-7x52r03y.png Table 1 Comparison of the photoionization (PI) and electroionization (EI) mass spectra of NH3 and ND3 at the indicated ionizing particle energies (base peak NH3 + or ND3 + = 100) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-and-theoretical-double-ionization-rwo32a08.png Table 2 Experimental and theoretical double ionization energies (eV) of NH3 with respect to the neutral NH3 ground state https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-kinetic-energy-distribution-spectrum-of-n2-nh3-and-2e98dw2v.png Fig. 3. The kinetic energy distribution spectrum of N2+/NH3 and NH3 +/NH3 as recorded with 100 eV electrons. https://scispace.com/papers/the-dual-function-chaperone-hych-improves-assembly-of-the-4ut7e8q2ya 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-h2-content-and-total-hydrogenase-activity-1onvp32b.png Table 1 H2 content and total hydrogenase activity measurement https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-complementation-of-dhych-strain-with-hych-variants-1pnv4j0w.png Table 2 Complementation of ΔhycH strain with HycH variants https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-phenotype-of-a-dhych-strain-a-the-strains-mg059e1-1uq48z0z.png Figure 1. Phenotype of a ΔhycH strain. (A) The strains MG059e1 and MGe1dH (ΔhycH) were grown anaerobically in TGYEP (pH 6.5) for 6 h and the solubilised total protein was applied to cobalt affinity chromatography (for details, see the Experimental procedures section). The fractions are after solubilisation (crude), unbound protein (flow through), elution fraction with 300 mM imidazole (elution) and the same https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hyce-and-hych-interaction-in-maturation-faqtn72j.png Figure 4. HycE and HycH interaction in maturation intermediates. (A) The scheme summarises the maturation of HycE and the proteins involved. HycE is shown as an oval and initially receives the Fe(CN)2CO part of the [NiFe]-cofactor, which is synthesised by HypDEF and delivered by HypC. Subsequently, nickel is inserted by HypAB after being transported into the cell by NikABC. This step is the prerequisite for HycI-dependent proteolytic processing of HycE and further its interaction with the electron transfer subunits HybBFG (FeS clusters are indicated by small circles arranged as a cube). The unprocessed forms of HycE interact with HycH https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-purification-of-the-hyce-and-hych-proteins-as-a-1infably.png Figure 3. Purification of the HycE and HycH proteins as a complex. (A) The extract from BL21(DE3) carrying pHycEHI was applied to a 1 ml cobalt column and eluted with 300 mM imidazol. The 12.5% (w/v acrylamide) PAGE shows the pellet after gaining the crude extracts, the crude extracts, the flow through of unbound protein, wash fraction with 30 mM imidazol and elution fractions 1 and 2 (300 ml and 1 ml, respectively) with 300 mM imidazol. (B) The crude extracts and elution fraction 2 were challenged with a Strep-tag–HRP conjugate that shows a cross-reaction with BCCP in crude extracts and is indicated with an asterisk. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-transcription-of-hyfj-and-hyfj-interaction-with-2i7ajfuy.png Figure 2. Transcription of hyfJ and HyfJ interaction with HycE. (A) A 1% (w/v) agarose gel shows the PCR products hyfJ (top), hycB (middle) and hycH (bottom) from DNA template (DNA), water (H2O), RNA or cDNA template from the strains MG059e1 or MC4100, as indicated. The sizes are according to SmartLadder (Eurogentec). (B) The 12.5% (w/v https://scispace.com/papers/the-dual-role-of-histidine-as-general-base-and-recruiter-of-54ceturtpf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-calculated-catalytic-mechanism-of-the-hiv-1-rnase-h-ir58q634.png Figure 2: Calculated catalytic mechanism of the HIV-1 RNase H reaction. A) Reactant state B) Phosphorane transition state (TS1) after WATnuc deprotonation C) Intermediate state with the O3’ leaving oxygen bound to MgB D) Proton transfer from E1065 to the O3’ at TS2 E) Product of the HIV-1 RNase H cleavage, the remaining proton of WATnuc can be abstracted by H1126 after shuttling the first proton to the bulk solvent via sidechain flipping F) Hypothesized substrate release inferred from Aa-RNAse III crystal structure46 (major conformation scissile phosphate in olive sticks, Mg2+ in dark grey spheres, PDB 2NUG) and MD simulation of HIV-1 RT/RNase H product complex at 50 mM Mg2+ at 30 ns in replicate 1 (light grey spheres, white sticks). The Mg2+ ion C bends the scissile phosphate and the pro-Sp oxygen is replaced with a solvent water (sphere in magenta). U is upstream nucleotide, S is the nucleotide directly in the active site containing the scissile phosphate, D is the 3’ downstream nucleotide. pro-Sp and pro-Rp oxygen are abbreviated as Sp and Rp. An interactive version with 3D view of the reaction (Panels A-E) together with Figure 3 is available online (https://dev.simonduerr.eu/hiv/). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-free-energy-profile-of-the-reaction-from-the-string-2btt3nmb.png Figure 3: Free energy profile of the reaction from the string simulations with RS reactant state, proton abstraction (PA), transition state 1 (TS1), intermediate (INT), transition state 2 (TS2) and product state (PS). Starting string in green, optimized final string in black. Colorbar indicates G in kcal mol-1. A zoomable and interactive version is available online. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-the-three-main-types-of-catalytic-3tix5cec.png Figure 6: Comparison of the three main types of catalytic motifs identified in the PDB search and from literature. A) In RNase H-like, Glu coordinates a solvent excluded MgB and stores proton for leaving group protonation. His abstracts the proton and facilitates product release. Example PDBs: 1RTD, 2QKK, 6BSH. B) In RNase T-like enzymes, the Glu is shifted to MgA aiding in WATnuc positioning. MgB is coordinated by three water molecules57 of which one is indirectly coordinated by an Asp. The leaving group is most likely protonated from one of the water molecules. Example PDBs: 4KAZ, 1W0H, 1J53, 3NH1, 2O4G, 3CG7. C) In RuvC-like enzymes, an additional Lys/Arg is present which we consider to be atypical for a general RNase H but present in Bh RNase H (K196). MgA is coordinated by a backbone (bb) oxygen.56 Example PDBs: 4LD0, 4EP4, 4UN3, 1HJR, 3HVR https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-superposition-of-bh-rnase-h-in-crystallo-reactant-1lkklsvl.png Figure 1 A) Superposition of Bh RNase H in crystallo reactant after 40ns (PDB 6DMV10, olive cartoon), HIV-1 QM/MM reactant model (gray cartoon, model based on PDB 1RTD17/1ZBL3)) and Hs RNase H (PDB 2QKK18, light cyan cartoon). The inset shows positioning of the nucleophile and the active site geometry. Respective residues were colored in magenta (Asp), blue (Glu), cyan (His) and green (Mg2+). B) Comparison of the selected RNase H family members and their catalytic sites. Binding of DNA/RNA hybrid is supported by a hybrid binding domain (HBD) or basic protrusion(dark gray). Residues shown in italic, indicate reduced activity when substituted Residues shown in bold, indicate no activity for the E→Q, D→N or H→A mutation. *partially active in Mn2+, HBD hybrid binding domain, GAG group specific antigen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-scheme-of-the-catalytic-site-of-the-hiv-1-rnase-h-1mt72cl7.png Figure 4: A) Scheme of the catalytic site of the HIV-1 RNase H in the reactant state. Residues in brackets are Bh equivalent residues. B) Distance plot of the distances specified in A. Average of distance in the last 1ps in each window is plotted. The shaded rectangles represent RS reactant state, PA proton abstraction, TS1 transition state 1, INT intermediate, TS2 Transition state 2 and PS product state. C) Free energy reaction profile from string calculations projected onto Qep RC with fitted curve. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-alignment-of-md-gray-to-600-s-product-structure-of-1ai8bgv2.png Figure 5 Alignment of MD (gray) to 600 s product structure of Bh RNase H (yellow, PDB 6DOG10). Water channel C1 with water molecules from MD (as sticks) and from crystal (red spheres) structures reaches E1065. Mg2+ ion binding sites are also labelled from MD (magenta sphere, location C), from crystal structures (yellow spheres, locations A, B, C, F), and in QM/MM and MD calculations (gray spheres, locations A and B). S1086 keeps the terminal water molecule in place with a hydrogen bond (O-O distance in 6DOG, 2.7 Å) https://scispace.com/papers/the-dual-origin-of-stellar-halos-2jtctwi7ov 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-radial-distribution-of-mw1hrs-in-situ-halo-stars-at-2808lurr.png Figure 2. Radial distribution of MW1hr’s in situ halo stars at the time of their formation (black solid line), at z = 2 (red dotted line), and at present day (blue dashed line), relative to the center of MW1hr. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-low-z-mergers-in-simulated-galaxies-3q9ecj74.png Table 3 Low z Mergers in Simulated Galaxies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-simulated-galaxies-1peup1im.png Table 1 Properties of Simulated Galaxies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-luminosity-function-of-satellites-for-two-simulated-chjr5lfp.png Figure 3. Luminosity function of satellites for two simulated runs with different feedback prescriptions, as well as the observed luminosity function of the Milky Way’s dwarfs, from Grebel et al. (2003). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-stellar-halo-origins-2mwm055z.png Table 2 Stellar Halo Origins https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relative-contribution-of-accreted-and-in-situ-stars-3fzu10zi.png Figure 1. Relative contribution of accreted and in situ stars to the stellar halos of the simulated galaxies. Accreted stars are separated by the time at which the stars first became bound to the primary halo. The blue dotted line and the green dash-dot line show the accreted stars which became bound to the primary galaxy more than 9 Gyr ago and less than 9 Gyr ago, respectively, while the red solid line shows the in situ stars. Stars whose origins are unknown, as described in Section 2.2, were omitted in this figure, and their fractional contribution ignored. https://scispace.com/papers/the-dual-role-of-mamb-in-magnetosome-membrane-assembly-and-1nesc6wqkh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mambqh-2-ctd-cation-binding-sites-and-in-vivo-14co9axs.png Figure 3. MamBQH-2 CTD cation-binding sites and in vivo effects of mamB MSR-1 deletion and complementation. (A) Structural overlay of MamB-CTD apo and metal-bound structures (PDB https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-cdfs-a-multiple-sequence-alignment-of-1miu7xi0.png Figure 2. Comparison of CDFs. (A) Multiple sequence alignment of MamBQH-2 and MamBMSR-1 with the functionally characterized bacterial CDF proteins MamMMSR-1, YiiP, and CzrB. Residues that participate in metal ion-binding are highlighted in green. The trans-membrane domain and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cryo-electron-tomograms-of-msr-1-wt-and-different-2ostvc55.png Figure 5. Cryo-electron tomograms of MSR-1 WT and different mamB mutant strains. (A) Section of x-y slice from tomogram of WT strain. (B) Section of x-y slice from tomogram of strain ΔA34ΔmamB, inset: Magnification of the boxed area showing a single putative DMM. (C) Segmented tomogram of strain ΔA34::mamBD50A and x-y slice details of the boxed areas. The inner and outer membrane of the cell are depicted in blue while magnetosome membranes are in yellow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-localization-of-mamd-gfp-in-different-msr-1-mamb-2hhyyenf.png Figure 4. Localization of MamD–GFP in different MSR-1 mamB mutant strains. (A) MSR1::MamD-GFP. (B) ΔA34ΔmamB::MamD-GFP. (C) ΔA34::mamBD50A::MamD-GFP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mamb-transport-activity-is-essential-for-magnetite-nvpzmap0.png Figure 1. MamB transport activity is essential for magnetite biomineralization. (A) TEM micrograph of strain ΔA34::mamBD50A. The insets show a detailed view of the cell center lacking a magnetosome chain. (B) Immunodetection of MamB in total membrane fractions of MSR-1, ΔA34ΔmamB (-), ΔA34ΔmamB::mamBwt (BWT), ΔA34ΔmamB::mamBD247A(D247A) and ΔA34::mamBD50A cells. https://scispace.com/papers/the-dual-system-theory-of-bipolar-spectrum-disorders-a-meta-55fac03xdk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-clinical-healthy-comparison-studies-wnr82z2n.png Table 3. Summary of clinical-healthy comparison studies included in meta-analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-databases-wg6tltgn.png Table 1. Summary of databases https://scispace.com/figures/table-5b-random-effects-models-of-continual-moderators-of-3tc64ty7.png Table 5b. Random-effects models of continual moderators of reinforcement sensitivity and bipo- https://scispace.com/figures/table-5a-random-effects-models-of-continual-moderators-of-2q8fomnp.png Table 5b. Random-effects models of continual moderators of reinforcement sensitivity and bipo- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3a-forest-plot-of-bas-effect-sizes-derived-from-1ns5ojxa.png Figure 3a. Forest plot of BAS effect sizes derived from diagnosed-healthy data https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-analysis-summary-of-reinforcement-sensitivity-and-1r5qa0eq.png Table 4. Analysis summary of reinforcement sensitivity and categorical moderators for diagnosed-healthy comparison studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-correlational-studies-3gza26j5.png Table 2. Summary of correlational studies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2b-forest-plot-of-bis-effect-sizes-derived-from-self-1hbxanlp.png Figure 2b. Forest plot of BIS effect sizes derived from self-report correlational data https://scispace.com/papers/the-duration-of-business-cycle-expansions-and-contractions-20ae4dak38 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-description-of-the-variables-3dgvedfg.png Table A.2: Description of the variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-duration-dependence-weibull-model-estimations-with-3th18cr8.png Table 3: Duration dependence: Weibull model estimations with control variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-by-country-1948-2009-2zalbhpb.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics by country (1948-2009) https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-business-cycle-chronologies-1948-2009-ne1vtmsn.png Table A.1: Business cycle chronologies (1948-2009) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-sensitivity-analysis-weibull-model-estimations-with-3tfzr0p4.png Table 5: Sensitivity analysis: Weibull model estimations with change-points https://scispace.com/papers/the-duration-of-compulsory-education-and-the-transition-to-3plqakebb9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimated-effects-of-the-lengthening-of-the-u24viuln.png Figure 3 Estimated effects of the lengthening of the duration of compulsory education on the transition from primary to secondary education https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-outcome-and-control-variables-17on2f60.png Table 1 Summary Statistics Outcome and Control Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-dif-in-dif-estimates-of-equation-3-2jwyy2mx.png Table 5 Dif-in-Dif estimates of equation 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-trends-in-educational-achievement-srhyzom7.png Figure 1 Trends in Educational Achievement https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-analysis-for-countries-not-implementing-d2vm4xa1.png Table 3 Descriptive analysis for countries not implementing the reform https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-analysis-for-countries-implementing-the-29by0t6m.png Table 2 Descriptive analysis for countries implementing the reform https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-link-between-informal-employment-and-educational-3pah35hu.png Figure 2 Link between Informal Employment and Educational Achievement https://scispace.com/papers/the-dynamic-behaviour-of-budget-components-and-output-3niy0ajlif 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-output-gap-cyclically-adjusted-net-lending-spending-d358fmj5.png Figure 2 – Output gap, cyclically adjusted net lending, spending and revenue (% of potential GDP) France https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-large-fiscal-expansions-and-contractions-3cmkqk6f.png Table 5. Large fiscal expansions and contractions https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-budget-elasticities-from-ols-on-6-sndqlx9e.png Table 7. Budget elasticities from OLS on (6) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-svar-indicator-potential-gdp-france-3qlxsdmv.png Figure 4 – SVAR-indicator (% potential GDP) France https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-impulse-responses-1ed4am9y.png Figure 3 – Impulse responses https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameters-g-and-a-38l32syq.png Table 3. Parameters γ and α https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-government-spending-revenue-and-deficit-of-3bb26nt2.png Figure 1 – General government spending, revenue and deficit (% of GDP) https://scispace.com/papers/the-dynamic-free-rider-problem-a-laboratory-study-317bm8xg2z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-summary-statistics-of-public-good-stock-per-period-vq4jh54r.png Table 7: Summary statistics of public good stock per period, IIE. Observations are groups. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-investment-as-a-function-of-beginning-of-period-studz8bx.png Figure 3: Investment as a function of beginning-of-period stocks, reduced form treatment vs. dynamic treatment. Note: the bold lines represent median investments; the green dotted lines give the interquartile range for the dynamic treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-design-equilibrium-and-planner-steady-p9smpuoz.png Table 1: Experimental design, equilibrium and planner steady states https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-public-good-stock-n-5-1zh21pgk.png Figure 4: Public good stock, n = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-individual-investment-types-n-5-observations-1230-17h0ekpz.png Table 12: Individual Investment Types, n = 5, # Observations: 1230 for RIE, 1740 for IIE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-classification-of-subjects-strategies-the-number-of-25lxkmvo.png Table 5: Classification of Subjects’ Strategies. The number of subjects is in https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-individual-investment-types-n-3-observations-705-for-2x0x0119.png Table 3: Individual Investment Types, n = 3, # Observations: 705 for RIE, 1716 for IIE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-statistics-of-public-good-stock-per-period-2ruevmou.png Table 6: Summary statistics of public good stock per period, RIE. Observations are groups. https://scispace.com/papers/the-dynamic-invariant-multinomial-probit-model-1phrpdk8lu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-transition-probabilities-1lkxfawh.png Table 4. Transition probabilities https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ml-eis-ghk-estimates-for-the-dimp-model-vdmxio81.png Table 1. ML-EIS-GHK estimates for the DIMP model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-250x4v6o.png Table 1. ML-EIS-GHK estimates for the DIMP model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-partial-effects-of-a-change-in-zitj-on-the-selection-2uqhmzqr.png Table 3. Partial effects of a change in Zitj on the selection probabilites https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-histogram-of-the-wald-statistic-of-h0-dmpj-for-j-1-3w1r37er.png Figure 2. Histogram of the Wald statistic of H0: DMPj for j = 1 (upper left panel), j = 2 (upper right panel), j = 3 (lower left panel); The true data generating process is the DMP3 model. The vertical line marks the 99%-percentile of a χ 2-distribution with 2 degrees of freedom given by 9.21. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ml-eis-ghk-estimates-for-the-dimp-dmp-model-p2wp5mdi.png Table 2. ML-EIS-GHK estimates for the DIMP/DMP model https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-partial-effects-of-a-permanent-change-in-zitj-on-the-lqpya81h.png Table 5. Partial effects of a permanent change in Zitj on the transition probabilities https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-1o1jnyx5.png Table 2. ML-EIS-GHK estimates for the DIMP/DMP model https://scispace.com/papers/the-dynamic-response-of-the-rand-real-exchange-rate-to-1e0v8io5kk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-exchange-rate-time-varying-impulse-response-1712x4od.png Figure 5. Exchange rate time-varying impulse response functions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-coherence-exchange-rate-and-nominal-shocks-k6d50ljy.png Figure 4. Coherence: exchange rate and nominal shocks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conditional-and-unconditional-exchange-rate-x86a4s7d.png Figure 1. Conditional and unconditional exchange rate volatility (with standard errors) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-a-summary-ofexchange-rate-models-for-south-africa-2fzdqx42.png Table I. A summary ofexchange rate models for South Africa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-coherence-exchange-rate-and-relative-output-growth-70rurquw.png Figure 3. Coherence: exchange rate and relative output growth https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-coherence-exchange-rate-and-relative-prices-1wsci61y.png Figure 2. Coherence: exchange rate and relative prices https://scispace.com/papers/the-dynamics-and-differentiation-of-latin-american-metal-44tq8t7v1x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-revealed-comparative-advantage-for-large-latin-39j36alx.png Figure 9: Revealed comparative advantage for large Latin American copper exporters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3b-metal-share-of-total-lac-commodity-exports-2000-18gtsjwb.png Figure 3B: Metal share of total LAC commodity exports (2000) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3a-metal-share-of-total-exports-by-country-1975-2004-i3uy61bb.png Figure 3B: Metal share of total LAC commodity exports (2000) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-intra-product-price-dispersion-in-u-s-imports16-1kcfqkwm.png Figure 4: Intra-product price dispersion in U.S. imports16 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-elasticity-of-market-share-to-price-and-quality-2c75re21.png Table 1: The elasticity of market share to price and quality https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-sequential-stages-of-iron-and-steel-production-3p6gh1vl.png Figure 8: The sequential stages of iron and steel production with corresponding SITC https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-global-and-regional-trends-in-revealed-comparative-1rym7onf.png Table 2: Global and regional trends in revealed comparative advantage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-lac-metal-market-share-along-the-value-chain-and-31u2l7ur.png Figure 11: LAC metal market share along the value chain and share growth due to intra-product upgrades https://scispace.com/papers/the-dynamics-of-delinking-in-industrial-emissions-the-role-25n3cc5zpl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nace-branches-classification-2ex3uxib.png Table 1 – Nace branches classification https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-3croruej.png Table 2 – Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-24-estimation-results-for-co2-3uibfipe.png Table 3 24 – Estimation results for CO2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimation-results-for-pm10-3e3kgftv.png Table 6 – Estimation results for PM10 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-va-va-l-l-to-1990-100-for-va-va-l-and-l-and-1995-100-2xkgii7j.png Fig. 1 – VA, VA/L, L, TO (1990=100 for VA, VA/L and L and 1995=100 for TO) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-emission-trends-1990-100-1tc2xki3.png Fig. 3 – Emission trends (1990=100) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-emission-l-trends-1990-100-3pna69cs.png Fig. 2 – Emission/L trends (1990=100) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimation-results-for-sox-332e5m7g.png Table 5 – Estimation results for SOx https://scispace.com/papers/the-dynamics-of-carbon-and-energy-intensity-in-a-model-of-irf62xgvql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-structure-of-technical-change-in-feem-rice-v-3-nyabv1ko.png Figure 1. The Structure of Technical Change in FEEM RICE v.3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-endogenous-and-induced-share-of-total-energy-ygrfni2q.png Table 5. Endogenous and Induced Share of Total Energy Technical Change Index. Percentage Variation between 1995 and 2105 - SLOW Version of FEEM-RICE v.3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-exogenous-endogenous-and-induced-share-of-total-3ameg8rh.png Table 4. Exogenous, Endogenous and Induced Share of Total Energy Technical Change Measured as the Effect on the Carbon Intensity Index in the Three Stabilisation Scenarios (1995- 2105). SLOW Version of FEEM-RICE v.3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-initial-parameter-values-for-the-technical-change-2r6ovq2m.png Table 6. Initial Parameter Values for the Technical Change Module of the Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-sensitivity-with-respect-to-energy-saving-effect-pwnlj99x.png Table 7. Sensitivity with respect to Energy-Saving Effect Controlling Parameter. Percentage Change Relative to the Central Value Case. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-sensitivity-wit-respect-to-fuel-switching-effect-1ga3d193.png Table 8. Sensitivity wit respect to Fuel-Switching Effect Controlling Parameter. Percentage Change Relative to the Central Value Case. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-exogenous-and-endogenous-share-of-total-energy-2ot6o7dm.png Table 3. Exogenous and Endogenous Share of Total Energy Technical Change Measured as the Effect on the Carbon Intensity Index in the Baseline Scenario (1995-2105). https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-sensitivity-wit-respect-to-different-etci-2ogb69mg.png Table 9. Sensitivity wit respect to Different ETCI Formulations. Percentage Change Relative to the Central Value Case. https://scispace.com/papers/the-dynamics-of-frailty-development-and-progression-in-older-39siphdp8w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bbazv92x.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-jmb3rzxc.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-dynamics-of-innovations-and-citations-52is3xk65m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-attachment-process-node-i-enters-the-system-with-mi-1fdnawih.png Figure 2: Attachment process. Node i enters the system, with μi = {μj, μk, μl}. Nodes c, e, and g will receive links. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-citation-dynamics-non-parametrically-estimated-3ciac4tj.png Figure 1: Citation Dynamics. Non-parametrically estimated population hazard rates of being cited for USPTO patents that have received 1, 5, and 10 citations respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fit-of-the-model-the-hazard-rates-from-figure-1-22i7etcv.png Figure 3: Fit of the Model. The hazard rates from Figure 1 (solid, dotted, and dashed lines) are plotted against the calculated hazard rates of our model (triangles). https://scispace.com/papers/the-dynamics-of-human-cognition-increasing-global-2oy620eff6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-correlation-between-integration-and-functional-201e5yev.png Figure 12. Correlation between Integration and Functional Connectivity. The figure shows the coefficient of determination between the integration and the mean variance of the functional connectivity calculated at 20, 40, 60 and 80Hz across the studied patients (N=12) based on the monopolar montage. The R2 represents the proportion of variance explained by a linear model. In all cases there is no correlation between both measures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-clinical-characteristics-of-each-13521xjh.png Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of each patient. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-integration-measure-results-for-each-patient-the-1oa4qog8.png Figure 4. Integration measure results for each patient. The panels show the results for every single patient for the picture-naming task. As can be seen, despite the heterogeneity of the recording sites, all patients show a significant increase of the integration related to cognitive processing. For all patients, the greatest effect was found in the gamma range. The red line corresponds to pre-stimulus window, blue line corresponds to task condition, the shaded error regions reflect the standard deviation across trials and green dots indicates a statistical significance of p<0.05 (N=1000). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-analysis-patient-k-for-the-picture-naming-53avlkk6.png Figure 3. Results analysis patient K for the picture-naming task. Panel A shows a significant increase in the integration during cognitive processing. The greatest effect is observed in the gamma range (50 to 90 Hz). The red line corresponds to pre-stimulus window, the blue line corresponds to post-stimulus window, the shaded error regions reflect the standard deviation across trials and green dots indicate a statistical significance of p<0.05 (N=1000). Complementary to the integration, panel B shows a decrease of the modularity in the same frequency range. Panel C shows that there are no iEEG oscillations amplitude changes in any frequency induced by the stimulus (both curves are strongly overlapped). This result indicates that the increase of integration and decrease of modularity could not be explained by changes in the oscillations amplitude. Panel D shows an increase of mean synchronization over a broad range of frequencies that is more conspicuous in the gamma band range (50 to 90 Hz) for the post-stimulus window. Panel E shows that the functional connectivity behaves coherently with the other results, as it increases as a function of the stimulus presentation particularly in the gamma range. Panel F plots the amplitude of the oscillations envelope at 60 Hz for each bipolar channel and pre- and post-stimulus window. There are no noticeable modulations across single bipolar channels between pre- and post-stimulus window. Note that the sharp peaks at 50 and 100 Hz are due to the power-line noise created by the electrical power. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-time-evolution-of-the-integration-measure-for-1hptlydr.png Figure 13. Time evolution of the Integration measure for Patient K during the picturenaming task. The figure shows the integration measure calculated for the phase-lock matrix for every single time point for the whole period of time at 80 Hz. As seen, there is a monotonic increasing behaviour of the integration starting after the stimulus onset. The shaded error regions reflect the standard deviation across trials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-envelopes-amplitude-at-60-hz-across-electrodes-for-3p1fpxnc.png Figure 8. Envelopes’ Amplitude at 60 Hz across electrodes for each patient. The panels show the results of the mean amplitude and SD at 60 Hz for each bipolar channel and both pre- and post-stimulus window for the picture-naming task. For all patients, there is no noticeable modulation across single bipolar channels between pre- and post-stimulus windows. The red line corresponds to pre-stimulus window and the blue line corresponds to post-stimulus window. The shaded error regions reflect the standard deviation across trials. Note the strong overlap of both lines. Green dots indicate a statistical significance of p<0.05 (N=1000). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-correlation-between-integration-and-segregation-the-1e65gfsh.png Figure 7. Correlation between Integration and Segregation. The figure shows the coefficient of determination between the integration and segregation measures across patients (N=12). The R2 represents the proportion of variance explained by a linear model. Note that both measures are highly correlated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-results-analysis-patient-k-for-the-lexical-decision-32fyuast.png Figure 9. Results analysis patient K for the Lexical Decision and Size-Judgement Task. https://scispace.com/papers/the-dynamics-of-implied-volatilities-a-common-principal-100yw0zq81 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-estimated-eigenstructure-i-cpc-c-1-i-2-i-3-and-3ez3colt.png Table 12: Estimated eigenstructure ̂ (i) CPC = c 1 ; (i) 2 ; (i) 3 and eigenvalues of the pCPC(1) model for 6, 9, and 12 months maturity (i = 1; 2; 3) { common and rst three speci c eigenvectors of each groups. Remaining speci c vectors omitted for sake of clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-principle-axes-obtained-by-separate-pca-for-groups-2t7ptvhl.png Figure 1: Principle axes obtained by separate PCA for groups of 1 month and 3 months maturity; moneyness is = 0:90 against = 1:10, ODAX 1999. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-sample-covariance-s-102-and-estimated-population-1jx195m2.png Table 8: Sample covariance S 102 and estimated population covariance ̂ 102: 1 month maturity https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-sample-covariance-s-102-and-estimated-covariance-102-2y4uae48.png Table 9: Sample Covariance S 102 and estimated Covariance ̂ 102: 2 months maturity https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-sample-covariance-s-102-and-estimated-covariance-2fmsanlf.png Table 10: Sample Covariance S 102 and estimated Covariance ̂ 102: 3 month maturity https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-testing-sequentially-against-the-next-lower-model-in-1zizq20h.png Table 3: Testing sequentially against the next lower model in the hierarchy and corresponding degrees of freedom. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pca-applied-separately-to-the-groups-of-1-and-3-3mnqwayo.png Table 1: PCA applied separately to the groups of 1 and 3 months time to maturity; each group contains time series of f ln ̂t(0:90; )g T=254 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-decomposition-of-the-chi-square-test-statistic-step-21nch54z.png Table 7: Decomposition of the chi square test statistic (step-up & model building approaches) - 6, 9 and 12 months maturity https://scispace.com/papers/the-dynamics-of-humoral-immune-responses-following-sars-cov-13w8d0nm6c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-representation-of-the-sars-cov-2-immune-2ne2sfs4.png Fig. 1. A schematic representation of the SARS- CoV-2 immune response following infection. Seroconversion occurs from approximately 10 days after symptom onset with the exact timing of IgM (green line) and IgG (red line; high titre, solid line; low titre, dashed line) appearance presently unclear, but with a suggestion that the IgM occurs at the time of, and overlapping with, the IgG response. The IgG antibody titres rise from day 10 onwards to reach a peak whose height is likely to be influenced, on a case by case basis, by disease severity and virus load. Seropositive status for those that seroconvert is detectable from 3 to 4 weeks from symptom onset. The level of antibody protection from reinfection (black dotted line), the duration of the total humoral immune response above this level, and the rate of decline from mild or severe infection induced antibodies is not known for SARS- CoV-2. Similarly, the proportion of infected individuals that do not mount a protective immune response (blue line) is not known. https://scispace.com/papers/the-dynamics-of-observed-lee-waves-over-the-snaefellsnes-2x9shrpnxo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-orography-of-the-snaefellsnes-peninsula-used-for-the-a-23rvt3pz.png FIG. 5. Orography of the Snæfellsnes Peninsula used for the (a) E1 (full orography), (b) E2 (nomountain), and (c) E3 (no ridge) WRF simulations, with the aircraft flight tracks superimposed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-vertical-velocity-w-m-s21-at-700-hpa-in-the-wrf-vb4zrug4.png FIG. 6. Vertical velocity w (m s21) at 700 hPa in the WRF simulation E1 at the time of Run1 together with the flight tracks of Run1, Run2, Run4, and Run8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-left-real-and-imaginary-parts-of-the-eigenfunction-w-1qggqvng.png FIG. 16. (left) Real and imaginary parts of the eigenfunction ŵ (arbitrary units). (center) Amplitude and phase of the eigenfunction ŵ (arbitrary units). (right) l2 for themodified sounding including an idealized stratosphere used to solve Eq. (4). The blue dashed line shows the wavenumber. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-topographic-map-of-snaefellsnes-peninsula-in-iceland-87tsxq0g.png FIG. 1. (a) Topographic map of Snæfellsnes Peninsula in Iceland in meters [data from NOAA/NGDC GLOBE: Gridded 1 km, quality-controlled global Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data from the Global Land One-km Base Elevation (GLOBE) Project] with overlapped flight tracks. (b) Vertical velocities along the flight tracks in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-full-domain-vertical-cross-section-of-cross-ridge-1362k00t.png FIG. 7. Full-domain vertical cross section of cross-ridge vertical velocity w (m s21) in the WRF simulation E1 along a flight track corresponding to Run1 at the time of this flight track. The underlying orography is plotted in brown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-steady-nonlinear-vertical-velocity-for-idealized-lee-dz5ry6fq.png FIG. 12. Steady nonlinear vertical velocity for idealized lee-wave simulation for flow over a 3D 1300m circular bell-shaped mountain, with temperature and wind profiles corresponding to the 1200 UTC sounding fromKeflavik (Fig. 3). (a) Vertical cross section of vertical velocity along the centerline of the wave train, (b) horizontal cross section of vertical velocity at z 5 3 km, and (c) vertical velocity profile at z5 3 km taken approximately along the aircraft track that traversed the waves downstream of the mountain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-steady-linear-vertical-velocity-for-a-single-layer-3e0i2vgl.png FIG. 15. Steady linear vertical velocity for a single-layer atmosphere with U 5 20m s21 and N 5 0.01 s21. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-observed-atmospheric-vertical-profile-of-temperature-184tmim2.png FIG. 3. Observed atmospheric vertical profile of temperature (red) and humidity (blue), obtained from radiosonde measurements (solid lines) and the 400m E1 WRF simulation (dashed lines) at 1200 UTC 20 Oct 2016 in Keflavík, Iceland. The wind barbs are in knots. https://scispace.com/papers/the-dynamics-of-the-fusion-of-two-nuclei-4j29ytokht 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-6yhzm5ji.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1tpgs04o.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1e3k832w.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-dynamics-pattern-of-price-dispersion-in-retail-fuel-zbzasd9pc5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-response-of-retail-prices-for-repsol-cepsa-bp-and-y8qz3qxw.png Figure 4. Response of retail prices for Repsol, Cepsa, BP, and other expensive and cheap brands at regional level https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimation-results-from-eq-2-for-expensive-and-cheap-24hxv5qc.png Table 4. Estimation results from Eq. (2) for expensive and cheap gas stations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-response-of-retail-prices-for-expensive-and-cheap-2101gqh2.png Figure 3. Response of retail prices for expensive and cheap stations at regional level https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-by-time-period-and-type-of-1n5h7gba.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics by time period and type of gas stations https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimation-results-from-eq-2-for-repsol-cepsa-bp-and-z5ulsesk.png Table 5. Estimation results from Eq. (2) for Repsol, Cepsa, BP, and other expensive and cheap brands https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dynamic-responses-of-retail-price-dispersion-at-15qo8iva.png Figure 1. Dynamic responses of retail price dispersion at regional level https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-robustness-check-of-the-response-of-retail-prices-2nms8m55.png Figure 5. Robustness check of the response of retail prices from an extended version of Eq. (2) allowing for asymmetries in the speed https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-robustness-checks-for-dynamic-responses-of-retail-2x878833.png Figure 2. Robustness checks for dynamic responses of retail price dispersion https://scispace.com/papers/the-dynamics-of-the-improvising-brain-a-study-of-musical-53y37h358q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-signature-of-musical-creativity-characterising-the-2bz3zmwu.png Figure 2. Signature of Musical Creativity. Characterising the repertoire of metastable substates during jazz improvisation, play by memory and resting-state. A) Probability of occurrence (POc) of each of the five brain substates estimated using LEiDA, during play by memory (yellow) improvisation on the melody (cyan), improvisation freely (red) and rest (grey), represented by bar and violin plots. Substate 3 was found to have significantly (p<0.05; Bonferroni-corrected) higher POc in both modes of improvisation (iMelody and iFreely) than in resting-state and Substate 4 had significantly lower POc in iFreely than in resting-state. B) duration of each of the five brain substates. C) Rendering of the brain, showed as top, bottom (whole) and side (hesmispheric) planes, for the five substates and corresponding RSNs. D) participation and connection weight of AAL regions in each of the five substates. Our analysis revealed five recurrent PL substates, one global (substate 1) and four recurrent substates, reflecting: reward (substate 2), an auditory-motor network (substate 3), a complex array of functions that support improvisation and creativity more generally (such as evaluation-perception) (substate 4) and visual imagery (substate 5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-dynamics-of-the-improvising-brain-experimental-2xqgj5u5.png Figure 3. The dynamics of the improvising brain: experimental protocol and methods. A) Experimental design: participants were asked to play four different conditions inside of the MRI scanner using a 25 keys MRI-compatible keyboard. The four different conditions were: play by memory (Memory), play from a score sheet (Read), improvise by melody (iMelody) and freely improvise (iFreely). B) LEiDA (Leading eigenvector dynamics analysis) captures the BOLD phase locking (PL) of the system focusing on the dominant pattern captured by the leading eigenvector of dynamic PL matrices. C) The aims of the current study were centred in providing a better understanding of the fingerprints of brain dynamics that are specific to the process of improvisation, as well D) which features were common or exclusive to different modes of improvisation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-detection-of-significant-between-condition-3bwtkaz1.png Figure 1. Detection of significant between-condition differences in phase-locking (PL) substates across the 13 partition models. Left) For each pair of conditions and partition model (k-means clustering solution), we plot the p-values associated with the between-condition comparison between experimental condition and rest in terms of probability. The p-values marked as green dots survive the correction for multiple comparisons within each partition model (<0.05/k). The grey-shaded column highlights the partition model chosen (k=5; the lowest k-value with significant statistical difference between each of the music playing conditions and the rest condition) to describe the clustered dynamics of the experimental conditions under study. Middle) Brain rendering of the PL substates across partition models. Brain regions are colour according to PL amplitude of the eigenvector representing them. Here, we used the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) to highlight (background square) how consistent the substates are across k-solutions, with regards to k=5. Using the reference substate colour-coding of k=5, across clustering solutions, substates are highlighted with the corresponding colour of the reference substate if it shares a DSC 0.8. Right) The BOLD PL patterns (leading eigenvectors of BOLD phases) captured for all time-points, conditions and subjects can be represented in a three-dimensional version of the phase space. Here, each data point (dot) is placed according to their cosine distance to the three principal components, or eigenvectors of the covariance matrix, estimated from all observations. Observations are coloured according to the cluster they are assigned to for k=5 (i.e. the closest cluster centroid). Colour-coding is congruent with the brain renderings projecting each of the cluster centroids (i.e. each PL substate). Additionally, ellipsoids are fitted to each set of data points to represent the degree of dispersion and directionality of each cluster cloud. https://scispace.com/papers/the-dynamism-of-the-new-economy-non-standard-employment-and-16b93s4ra8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-net-income-replacement-for-married-individuals-with-11uoaws5.png Figure 5. Net income replacement for married individuals with two children, 2014 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-part-time-employment-in-eu-28-2002-vs-2016-3crkeact.png Figure 2. Part-time employment in EU-28, 2002 vs 2016 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-self-employment-in-eu-28-2002-vs-2016-1xuklriy.png Figure 3. Self-employment in EU-28, 2002 vs 2016 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-benefits-adequacy-in-countries-with-no-unemployment-383v564n.png Table 12. Benefits adequacy in countries with no unemployment insurance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-net-income-replacement-for-single-individuals-1l4zqre6.png Figure 4. Net income replacement for single individuals without children, 2014 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-countries-with-partial-unemployment-insurance-for-1l4ak7pc.png Table 7. Countries with partial unemployment insurance for the self-employed https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-average-wage-for-temporary-employees-2014-37xfjn1q.png Figure 6. Average wage for temporary employees, 2014 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-table-temporary-employees-at-risk-of-not-1hkk0c5q.png Table 3. Summary table: Temporary employees at risk of not receiving UB, 2016 https://scispace.com/papers/the-e3-ubiquitin-ligase-mindbomb1-controls-zebrafish-planar-4zfzt5n1ic 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mib1-regulates-pcp-dependent-convergent-extension-wgcb0qsy.png Figure 1: Mib1 regulates PCP-dependent convergent extension movements independently of Notch (A) Axis extension was quantified at bud stage by measuring the axis extension angle α. Axis extension is reduced in mib1 morphants but restored upon coinjection of WT mib1 RNA. Lateral views of bud stage embryos, anterior up, dorsal to the right. (B) mib1 morphants present a widening of the notochord, somites and neural plate. Dorsal views of 2 somite stage embryos, anterior up. dlx3 in situ hybridization outlines the neural plate, papc the somites and the adaxial cells lining the notochord. Widths indicated in microns. (C) Mib1 protein variants used in the study. (D) The mib1ta52b mutation has no effect on axis extension. (E) Constitutively activated Notch (NICD) fails to restore mib1 morphant axis extension. (F) mib1ta52b RNA injection restores mib1 morphant axis extension. (G,H) Axis extension is impaired in mib1tfi91 or mib1nce2a null mutants. On the left panel the mib1 morphant data from Fig. 1A are included for comparison. (I) In situ hybridization reveals reduced mib1 transcript levels in n=27 mib1tfi91 mutant embryos. Dorsal views of bud stage embryos, anterior up. To warrant identical acquisition conditions, two embryos were photographed on a single picture. Scalebars: 200 µm. Boxes in (A,B, D-G) represent mean values +/- SD. See supplementary material for complete statistical information. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mindbomb1-loss-of-function-has-no-effect-on-t15jr6o5.png Figure 4: mindbomb1 loss of function has no effect on convergent extension in maternal zygotic ryk mutants (A) ryknce4g mutants present an 11 base pair insertion in exon 6. The RYK-nce4g mutant protein comprises only a part of the extracellular (blue) and lacks the entire transmembrane (yellow) and intracellular (green) domains. (B,C) Accordingly, a C-terminal HA tag that allows to localize WT Ryk (B, n=12) becomes undetectable upon introduction of the ryknce4g mutation (C, n=14). Dorsal views of 90% epiboly stage embryos, anterior up. Scalebar 20 µm. (D,E) The Convergent Extension (CE) phenotypes of ryk morphant animals can be rescued using 1.5 pg WT ryk (D) but not ryknce4g mutant (E) RNA. (F) Overexpressing high levels (25 pg) WT ryk RNA causes severe embryonic malformations while no effect is observed using ryknce4g mutant RNA. 32 hpf embryos, anterior to the left, dorsal up (n=24 embryos/condition). (G) Zygotic (Z) ryk loss of function does not impair CE. (H) Maternal Zygotic (MZ) ryk mutants present defects in CE. ryk WT RNA injection allows a significant rescue of the observed phenotypes. (I) Similar CE defects are observed in MZ ryk single mutants and MZ ryk ; mib1 double mutants. (H,I) Lateral views of bud stage embryos, anterior up, dorsal to the right. Scalebars 200 µm. In (D,E,G,H,I) boxes represent mean values +/- SD. See supplementary material for complete statistical information. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mib1-mediated-ryk-endocytosis-controls-convergent-8hah3d9y.png Figure 3: Mib1-mediated Ryk endocytosis controls Convergent Extension movements (A-D) WT mib1 RNA injection triggers Ryk internalization in 20/21 embryos (B) but has no effect on Vangl2 localization (D, n=23). (E-G) Mib1 morpholino injection reduces the number of Ryk endosomes that are present upon injection of Ryk-GFP RNA. Increasing the dose of Ryk-GFP RNA restores endosome number in mib1 morphants but not in embryos coinjected with Mib1∆RF123. (H-J) The number of Ryk endosomes that are present upon injection of Ryk-GFP RNA (12 pg) is reduced in mib1 null mutants. mib1 morphant data from panel E are shown again for comparison. (K) Ryk-GFP RNA (12 pg) rescues axis extension in mib1 morphants but not in embryos coinjected with Mib1∆RF123. (L) Ryk morpholino injection aggravates mib1 morphant axis extension phenotypes. (A-D,F,G,H,I) dorsal views of 90% epiboly stage embryos, anterior up, scalebars 10 µm. (K,L) Lateral views of bud stage embryos, anterior up, scalebars 200 µm. In (E,J) each data point represents the mean number of endosomes for 20 cells from a single embryo. For comparison J again includes the mib1 morphant E. Bars represent mean values +/- SEM. In (K,L) boxes represent mean values +/- SD. See supplementary material for complete statistical information. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mib1-controls-pcp-through-its-ring-finger-domains-a-1o9drxpg.png Figure 2: Mib1 controls PCP through its RING finger domains (A) RhoA overexpression rescues mib1 morphant axis extension. (B,C) Mib1 proteins lacking all (Mib1∆RF123, B) or only the last (Mib1∆RF3, C) RING finger impair axis extension in mib1 morphant or WT embryos. Lateral views of bud stage embryos, anterior up, dorsal to the right. Scalebars: 200 µm. Boxes represent mean values +/- SD. See supplementary material for complete statistical information. https://scispace.com/papers/the-early-acheulean-technology-of-barranc-de-la-boella-1nqnv21paj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-raw-materials-and-lithic-artefacts-at-el-forn-levels-3q3ojpol.png Table 2 Raw materials and lithic artefacts at El Forn Levels 2 & 3 (Barranc de la Boella). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-barranc-de-la-boella-ravine-at-la-mina-area-b-la-2wa26jrh.png Fig. 2. a) The Barranc de la Boella ravine at La Mina area; b) La Mina excavation; c) excava https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-technical-features-of-each-technological-record-1i8flc9q.png Table 4 Technical features of each technological record represented at the different levels and sites at Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain). (Adapted from Mosquera et al., 2013: 131. Numbers of items for each level until 2013 (Oll e et al., 2013). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-raw-materials-and-lithic-artefacts-at-pit-1-level-2-1gjgghzm.png Table 3 Raw materials and lithic artefacts at Pit 1 Level 2 (Barranc de la Boella). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-map-of-the-excavation-of-the-mammoth-of-pit-1-level-2-179aiphd.png Fig. 11. Map of the excavation of the mammoth of Pit 1-level 2 (Barranc de la Boella), with the position of the faunal and lithic remains and the connection of conjoining and refitting lithic sets. C: Cores; ®: Retouched tools; P: Pick; Red dots: Percussive material; Orange dots: Hammerstones; Green stars: Flakes; F: Flat bones; S: Skull bones; R: Ribs, E: Scapula fragments (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the electronic version of this article). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-excavation-of-the-remains-of-mammuthus-meriodionalis-1gctzsz4.png Fig. 8. Excavation of the remains of Mammuthus meriodionalis at level 2 (Unit II) of Pit 1 (Barranc de la Boella). https://scispace.com/papers/the-dynamics-structure-and-fate-of-a-young-cluster-during-1avs3dvpfk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2009-1026-rv-results-2sat16eq.png Table 2 2009.1026 RV Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2009-1103-rv-results-3qazkxqc.png Table 3 2009.1103 RV Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-histogram-of-rvs-of-stars-marked-with-hk-emission-385gf4mo.png Figure 15. Histogram of RVs of stars marked with HK emission lines and R values larger than 5.0. The histograms marked by the black circles are for objects with youth indicators, and the red triangles are for all objects with H&K emission lines. There is a clear peak of the objects with youth indicators at −10 km s−1 (dotted line) that corresponds to the Vlsr peak of Cep OB3b. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-best-fit-1962-king-models-the-top-left-and-2007a1hd.png Figure 4. The best-fit 1962 King models. The top-left and -right plots are the uncorrected surface density vs. radial distance for the east and west subclusters, respectively. The bottom-left and -right plots are the number of stars vs. position angle for the east and west subclusters, respectively. The deviation of these from circular symmetry, which is given by the dashed line, determines the value of the azimuthal parameter (AAP; Gutermuth et al. 2005). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-decl-vs-rv-for-stars-with-youth-indicators-the-red-3tpv95ue.png Figure 5. Decl.vs.RV for stars with youth indicators. The red triangles are objects in the east subcluster. The black circles are objects in the west subcluster. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-histogram-of-objects-toward-cep-ob3b-with-3o8m44vr.png Figure 14. A histogram of objects toward Cep OB3b with parallaxes measured by Gaia in DR2. The median parallax is marked by the dashed, vertical red line, yielding a distance of 819±16 pc. We adopt this distance for Cep OB3b. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-histograms-of-the-member-proper-motions-in-r-a-39a610o7.png Figure 12. Histograms of the member proper motions in R.A. (left) and decl. (right) for the east (solid black) and west (dashed blue) subclusters. The bin sizes are 0.4 mas yr−1. The peaks of the probability densities show that the two subclusters have different values of proper motion components: μα= −0.59±0.02 (mas yr−1) and μδ=−2.32±0.02 (mas yr −1) for the east and μα=−1.25±0.03 (mas yr −1) and μδ=−2.78±0.02 (mas yr −1) for the west. The Gaussian fits to the distributions are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-total-proper-motions-of-the-east-black-arrow-15s0ah5a.png Figure 13. The total proper motions of the east (black arrow) and west (blue arrow) subclusters with the average proper motion of the total cluster removed, demonstrating that the subclusters will not merge but remain separate. The red, vertical dashed line indicates the separation in R.A. of the two subclusters. The colored dots correspond to the median parallax direction at different points in Cep OB3b with the size increasing as the number of stars in the bin agree with the direction of motion. The eastern subcluster has a total proper motion of 2.34±0.02 mas yr−1. The western subcluster has a total proper motion of 2.86±0.03 mas yr−1. The differential velocity exceeds the escape velocity from the more massive east. https://scispace.com/papers/the-earth-has-humans-so-why-don-t-our-climate-models-2x8wtn8a8a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-coupling-of-climate-and-3htmg9u3.png Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the coupling of climate and social models. The climate system is 134 forced by atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gasses (GHGs), leading to climate change 135 that differently impacts physical regions of the globe through mean and extreme climate change. 136 Regional impacts influence perception of risk from climate change, which is processed by the 137 social system that overlaps a physical region and its associated cultural context. The interactions 138 of social systems from multiple regions with alternative behavioral models influence emissions 139 behaviors, through regional policies and individual human behaviors. GHG emissions then drive 140 atmospheric concentrations of GHGs that feed back into the climate system. The choice of 141 climate and behavioral model, parameterized for different cultural or political social systems, 142 leads to a multi-model set of simulations with differing emissions and regional impacts. 143 144 The first attempts to couple a social model with a climate model have demonstrated the 145 importance of doing so, but further exploration and development of SoCMs is necessary for 146 more realistic and actionable projections. A next step in developing SoCMs is a multi-model 147 approach to examine the robustness of climate projections to choice of behavioral theory and 148 model implementation (Fig. 1). The assumptions of different behavioral theories and their 149 parameterizations to represent diverse cultural groups and social systems will influence 150 https://scispace.com/papers/the-economic-context-of-solidarity-period-vs-cohort-bbes4rn5w3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-support-for-income-redistribution-by-year-1pfna65x.png Figure 1. Average support for income redistribution by year in Britain and the US, 1978- 2014 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-year-and-cohort-level-residuals-based-on-empty-and-1uksabal.png Figure 2. Year- and cohort-level residuals based on empty and final models of support for income redistribution, BSA and GSS data https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-availability-of-contextual-indicators-used-in-the-ypzmr7w8.png Table 1. Availability of contextual indicators used in the analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hierarchical-age-period-cohort-models-for-support-1g9txadr.png Table 2. Hierarchical Age-Period-Cohort models for support for income redistribution https://scispace.com/papers/the-economic-forces-behind-deindustrialization-an-empirical-1scnilnl58 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-manufacturing-share-of-total-nominal-value-added-1uyx6iop.png Figure 2: Manufacturing share of total nominal value added, 1970-2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scattergram-showing-the-relationship-between-2c3glpop.png Figure 5: Scattergram Showing the Relationship between Differential in the Average Annual Growth Rate of Labor Productivity between Manufacturing and Services (Horizontal axis) and Change in the Percentage of the Labor force in Manufacturing (Vertical Axis), 20 OECD Countries, 1970-2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scattergram-showing-the-relationship-between-the-1jnoqw3i.png Figure 4: Scattergram Showing the Relationship between the Differential in the Average Annual Growth Rate of Labor Productivity between Manufacturing and Services (Horizontal axis) and the Differential in the Average Annual Growth Rate of Prices between Manufacturing and Services (Vertical Axis), 20 OECD countries, 1970-2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-scattergram-of-the-relationship-between-change-in-4sissu17.png Figure 7: Scattergram of the Relationship between Change in the Ratio of Intermediate Consumption over Gross Output in Manufacturing (Horizontal Axis) and Change in the Percentage of the Labor Force in Manufacturing (Vertical Axis), 20 OECD Countries, 1970-2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-scattergram-of-the-relationship-between-absolute-2q6bzihi.png Figure 8: Scattergram of the Relationship between Absolute Change in the Ratio of Manufactures Exports over Manufactures Imports (Horizontal Axis) and Change in the Percentage of the Labor Force in Manufacturing (Vertical Axis), 18 OECD Countries, 1970-2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-direct-contribution-of-trade-to-deindustrialization-2cn99zce.png Table 4: Direct Contribution of Trade to Deindustrialization for 18 OECD Countries, 1977-2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-scattergram-showing-the-relationship-between-change-3ra49uag.png Figure 6: Scattergram Showing the Relationship between Change in the Percentage of the Labor Force in Finance, Real Estate, and PBS (Horizontal Axis) and Change in the Percentage of the Labor Force in Manufacturing (Vertical Axis), 20 OECD countries, 1970-200726 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-manufacturing-share-of-total-employment-20-oecd-18zlbpfj.png Figure 3: Manufacturing Share of Total Employment, 20 OECD countries, 1970-2007 https://scispace.com/papers/the-ebex-balloon-borne-experiment-gondola-attitude-control-51n75llj1b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematic-of-the-acs-and-bolometer-power-systems-13mt0mct.png Figure 6. Schematic of the ACS and bolometer power systems. The two power systems shared a common electrical ground, marked here with a star (★). Each 28V power system contained high-capacity lithium-ion batteries (with respective charge capacities of 144 and 208 Ahr), charged by 15 lightweight solar panels (each weighing 1 kg and specified to produce 76 W). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-histogram-of-the-attitude-solution-uncertainty-as-1dx21wgl.png Figure 11. Histogram of the attitude solution uncertainty as reported by the pattern matching least-squares algorithm for all solved images. The top panel shows the displacement uncertainty, i.e., the combined uncertainty from RA×cos(decl.) and decl. The bottom panel shows the rotation uncertainty around the image center. The median uncertainty is 1 3 in displacement and 57″ in rotation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-the-ebex-ethernet-network-was-based-on-a-redundant-njd0ro51.png Figure 16. The EBEX ethernet network was based on a redundant ring structure consisting of eight ring switches. DfMUX boards in each of the BRCs communicated with a local ring switch. The four switches were connected with fiber-optic lines (dashed lines) to two ring switches in the flight computer crate, which communicated with their respective flight computers via copper line connection (solid lines). Standard copper lines also connected the flight computers with the HWP angle readout boards and the pressure vessel (PV) that were used to store data. If any of the BRC ring switches or fiber-optic lines malfunctioned, data from the other BRCs would still reach the flight computers. If one of the flight computer switches malfunctioned, a fail-over line activated (double line) that would pass data from the fiber-optic line to the other switch, and another fail-over line activated (dot-dashed lines), connecting the nonfaulty switch to both flight computers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-power-consumption-by-the-ebex-instrument-acs-and-asvmlsdl.png Table 2 Power Consumption by the EBEX Instrument ACS and Bolometer Power Systems as Measured on the Ground While Connected to a Power Supply https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-star-camera-assembly-consisted-of-a-1abk4agd.png Figure 10. The star camera assembly consisted of a pressurized vessel that held the star camera hardware and a baffle (right). The baffle was made of an 87.6 cm long tube of G-10 fiberglass sheet that was wrapped around thin aluminum vanes connected with carbon fiber tubes. The baffle weighed 1.87kg. Inside the vessel (left), which was pressurized with N2 gas to 1atm, were the camera head, lens, camera controller, and computer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-estimate-of-the-unidirectional-attitude-error-sdt-39h12y1o.png Figure 15. Estimate of the unidirectional attitude error σΔt as a function of the time Δt since the last star camera solution. All throws are binned in 2.5s bins. Data are shown up to Δt=40 s because these encompass the majority of times. Values for the red circles are computed by collecting the differences between star camera solutions and unidirectional IA for all star camera images that fall within that bin. The value plotted is the standard deviation of the distribution in that bin. In green is plotted the unidirectional error estimated by the UKF, showing agreement with the measured data points. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-from-breaking-strength-tests-of-bare-and-nfpnwh8j.png Table 1 Results from Breaking Strength Tests of Bare and Aluminum Mylar Shielded Spectra Fiber Ropes Flown during a 28 hr Certification Flight and Reference Rope (Not Flown) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-panel-exploded-rendering-of-the-ebex-gondola-1gxo15gc.png Figure 1. Left panel: exploded rendering of the EBEX gondola and main components of the instrument. Only the right side and half of the front liquid cooling radiators are shown. The other half has been removed for clarity. Right panel: photograph of the EBEX gondola before launch. https://scispace.com/papers/the-ecology-of-phage-resistance-the-key-to-successful-phage-oake1biy34 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-obligate-phage-lytic-cycle-and-known-infection-26m8ui3t.png Figure 1. The obligate phage lytic cycle and known infection blocking mechanisms. The five steps of the lytic cycle are listed in bold, whereas known infection blocking systems are italicized. Abbreviations: ABI = abortive infection system, TA = toxin-antitoxin, R-M = restriction-modification. Numbers in parentheses listed after each description represent the number of genes known from the literature to confer resistance. Figure was created with BioRender.com. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-genes-based-on-phage-and-bacterial-genera-3v0xkeft.png Figure 2. Number of genes based on phage and bacterial genera. (a) The number of genes found to inhibit phage infection by bacterial genera. (b) The number of host genes found to inhibit phage replication. These are the phages that have 4 or more genes experimentally verified to inhibit phage infection: Escherichia (blue), Lactococcus (green), and Bacillus (orange). https://scispace.com/papers/the-economic-impact-of-broadband-evidence-from-oecd-19fm09v75b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-econometric-results-broadband-impact-by-quality-of-2ermwbbs.png Table 2. Econometric results broadband impact, by quality of connections and penetration rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-annual-gdp-impact-of-broadband-by-country15-priysr7i.png Figure 1: The annual GDP impact of broadband by country15 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-used-in-the-analysis-and-sources-hrtcc9fp.png Table 1. Data used in the analysis and sources https://scispace.com/papers/the-economic-impact-of-regular-season-sporting-competitions-xaoscc774l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-net-inter-regional-spectator-attendances-by-region-3szxd468.png Table 3.4: Net inter-regional spectator attendances by region of residence and destination https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-spectator-attendances-by-region-of-origin-2a5w60wh.png Table 3.3: Spectator attendances by region of origin (residence) and destination (match location) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-net-flows-of-expenditures-by-spectator-residence-2f1pbvh1.png Table 5.2: Net flows of expenditures by spectator residence and region of expenditure, £,000s https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-the-number-of-home-and-away-matches-and-the-2tgpmr05.png Table 3.1: The number of home and away matches and the location of away matches involving Old Firm teams in all competitions during the 2003/4 season https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-gross-sports-tourism-expenditures-disaggregated-by-2v858ur3.png Table 5.1: Gross sports tourism expenditures, disaggregated by spectator region of residence and region of expenditure, £, 000s. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-sectoral-gdp-and-employment-impacts-of-sports-3bz5ox7t.png Table 6.1: Sectoral GDP and employment impacts of sports tourism expenditures and displaced expenditures on Glasgow, the rest of Scotland and Scotland, £millions and FTE jobs https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-geographical-zones-and-associated-spl-teams-for-1v3hn0yf.png Table 4.1: Geographical zones and associated SPL teams for identifying away game expenditures https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-average-spl-home-attendances-for-non-old-firm-359dhtfj.png Table 3.2: Average SPL home attendances for non-Old Firm clubs against non-OldFirm and Old Firm opposition https://scispace.com/papers/the-economic-impact-from-the-decreasing-population-mobility-19i9x4anip 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-true-and-the-predicted-gdps-of-31-provinces-of-3e2xwquz.png Figure 3. The true and the predicted GDPs of 31 provinces of China’s mainland in the Q1 of 2020 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-population-mobility-data-and-the-predicted-269wldtw.png Table 2. The population mobility data and the predicted nominal GDP in the Q1 of 2020 for each province https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-true-and-fitted-gdp-values-of-31-provinces-in-3ivp28k1.png Figure 2. The true and fitted GDP values of 31 provinces in China’s mainland in the Q1 of 2019 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-nominal-gdp-and-the-population-mobility-data-of-196rh2q7.png Table 1. The nominal GDP and the population mobility data of each province in the Q1 of 2019. https://scispace.com/papers/the-economic-impact-of-the-little-ice-age-4gym1aau2q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-and-tests-of-autoregression-and-2n4wjbyz.png Table 3: Summary statistics and tests of autoregression and trend for annual weather indicators until 2000. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-between-annual-yields-above-diagonal-and-1taliroh.png Table 2: Correlation between annual yields (above diagonal), and nominal prices (below diagonal) of cereals, 1270–1450. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cereal-yields-and-weather-1211-1500-fg2g2f7v.png Table 1: Cereal yields and weather, 1211–1500 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-statistics-and-tests-of-temporal-dependence-3k25u3zk.png Table 5: Summary statistics and tests of temporal dependence for annual winter temperature until 1980. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-slutsky-effect-in-low-countries-summer-3p0civ17.png Figure 1: The Slutsky effect in Low Countries summer temperature, AD 1301– 2000. The top panel shows annual temperature smoothed by a 25 year moving average; the middle panel shows the raw series; the bottom panel shows a boxplot of the distribution of temperature by half century. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-statistics-and-tests-of-temporal-dependence-17bttde7.png Table 6: Summary statistics and tests of temporal dependence for annual summer temperature until 1980. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-impact-of-weather-on-wheat-yields-1270-1450-3o86zhmh.png Figure 2: Impact of weather on wheat yields, 1270–1450 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-tests-for-non-linear-dependence-in-annual-weather-2ctbm6u2.png Table 4: Tests for non-linear dependence in annual weather series. https://scispace.com/papers/the-economic-value-of-a-sustainable-supply-chain-4c90hswvtb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1hqbpo41.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2zrtf2nq.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-335hwwcy.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pu80hu6s.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-economic-value-of-immateriality-10ed4xobcv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-top-ten-countries-in-tourist-arrival-in-20201-s95z1o7u.png Table 1 Top ten countries in tourist arrival in 20201 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-international-arrivals-by-geographic-area-1995-2020-3jf9qhvh.png Figure 3 International arrivals by geographic area 1995–2020 – forecasts (see online version for colours) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-international-arrivals-in-2020-forecasts-see-online-3cphi3a6.png Figure 2 International arrivals in 2020 – forecasts (see online version for colours) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-imagine-ancient-rome-1csgvclv.png Figure 7 Imagine ancient Rome https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experience-based-economy-experience-as-a-value-28p4gej7.png Figure 1 Experience-based economy: experience as a value driver (see online version for colours) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-manage-the-overall-experience-of-the-tourist-see-3shh5xkr.png Figure 6 Manage the overall experience of the tourist (see online version for colours) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-first-five-worldwide-destination-for-zfsp4t0j.png Figure 4 (a) First five worldwide destination for international inbound and (b) European market share (arrivals)% (see online version for colours) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-translation-of-the-vision-in-a-planning-approach-2ixfeksp.png Figure 5 Translation of the vision in a planning approach (see online version for colours) https://scispace.com/papers/the-economic-value-of-distributed-storage-at-different-38mux8gmkv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-results-a8duk75q.png Table 3: Summary of Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ramping-reserve-costs-o9pet5qn.png Table 2: Ramping Reserve Costs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-nodes-in-the-reduced-system-3fyjy0hl.png Figure 1: Location of Nodes in the Reduced System https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-cost-of-generation-and-reserves-day-for-cases-2-2rkzc1rv.png Table 6: The Cost of Generation and Reserves ($/day) for Cases 2 and 3a in Boston and New York City https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-hourly-prices-mwh-for-cases-1-3-in-boston-and-new-2ezsjtte.png Figure 6: Hourly Prices ($/MWh) for Cases 1-3 in Boston and New York City https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flows-of-energy-and-information-in-the-cyber-16i9kx2l.png Figure 2: Flows of Energy and Information in the Cyber-Physical System https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-definition-of-indices-functions-and-parameters-3de56p8t.png Table 8: Definition of indices, functions and parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-a-comparison-of-the-incremental-capital-costs-2m2z0h2v.png Table 4: A Comparison of the Incremental Capital Costs https://scispace.com/papers/the-economic-vote-at-the-party-level-electoral-behaviour-1oaayk30d2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-marginal-effects-of-being-incumbent-left-panel-and-1541sb8b.png Figure 1. Marginal effects of being incumbent (left panel), and of leading a coalition executive (right panel) on electoral performance at different intensities of recession, with 95% confidence intervals. Notes: Here, and in the other figures, histograms represent the distribution of our observations according to the different magnitudes of growth/recession. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-countries-elections-and-number-of-parties-in-the-1a6blotz.png Table 1. Countries, elections and number of parties in the dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-marginal-effects-of-radicalism-left-panel-and-2esqluyg.png Figure 3. Marginal effects of radicalism (left panel) and Euroscepticism (right panel) at different intensities of recession, with 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-marginal-effects-of-being-new-solid-upper-line-with-2tlnwhzz.png Figure 2. Marginal effects of being new (solid upper line with dashed 95% confidence intervals) or in opposition (lower line with connected confidence intervals) in the left panel, and of ideology in the right panel, on electoral performance at different intensities of recession. https://scispace.com/papers/the-economics-and-politics-of-trade-policy-an-empirical-40977v6vz4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-likelihood-ratio-test-of-significance-3s6ilof0.png Table 4. Likelihood ratio test of significance https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-probit-estimation-of-protection-decision-including-1wwj73js.png Table 3. Probit estimation of protection decision, including settled cases https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimated-change-in-probability-of-affirmative-2k5ehb8a.png Table 5. Estimated change in probability of affirmative decision https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-probit-estimation-of-protection-decision-excluding-kuepfq78.png Table 2. Probit estimation of protection decision, excluding settled cases https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-case-summary-by-country-1980-88-3qa6g51r.png Table 1. Case summary, by country, 1980-88 https://scispace.com/papers/the-economics-of-class-action-waivers-2k1v0u6iem 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-moral-hazard-28ki85db.png Figure 3. Moral Hazard https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-consumer-misperceptions-n4bfsu2f.png Figure 4. Consumer Misperceptions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-private-antitrust-litigation-3r0yqp55.png Figure 5. Private Antitrust Litigation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-costly-litigation-zugh24zw.png Figure 2. Costly Litigation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-monopsonist-employer-3l56v7v6.png Figure 6. Monopsonist Employer https://scispace.com/papers/the-economics-of-controlling-a-biological-invasion-1pdhxitfnl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimal-control-of-an-invasion-exponential-costs-and-2w8cfobw.png TABLE 1 Optimal control of an invasion: exponential costs and damages https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-optimal-control-of-an-invasion-the-static-vs-3g6hp183.png FIGURE 1 Optimal control of an invasion: the static vs. dynamic case https://scispace.com/papers/the-economics-of-endosymbiotic-gene-transfer-and-the-4j0i2idria 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-461-figure-1-462-1gxa2g51.png Figures 461 Figure 1 462 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-491-12gj1q64.png Figure 3 491 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-474-1powtw53.png Figure 2 474 https://scispace.com/papers/the-economics-of-the-european-water-framework-directive-a-2s590ainc3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ut1k69hv.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-economics-of-heat-pumps-and-the-un-intended-consequences-4yqm63ypmw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-breakdown-of-domestic-heating-system-costs-by-2emku4c5.png Figure 8: Breakdown of domestic heating system costs by upfront, maintenance, and yearly fuel costs https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-heating-system-sizing-and-efficiencies-2pdt4c2f.png Table 1: Summary of heating system sizing and efficiencies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-taxes-and-levies-influencing-the-uk-energy-market-1777x3oa.png Figure 1: Taxes and levies influencing the UK energy market (Authors’ own figure) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-carbon-intensity-of-heating-systems-kgco2-kwh-szo4epxu.png Figure 3: Carbon intensity of heating systems (kgCO2/kWh) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-residential-gas-and-electricity-price-components-20pqffa3.png Figure 2: Residential gas and electricity price components 2016, 2020 and 2030 (p/kWh) (based on CCC, 2017) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-upfront-costs-of-heating-systems-for-a-typical-semi-3jkb8y3q.png Figure 4: Upfront costs of heating systems for a typical semi-detached UK household (central cost estimate) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-yearly-fuel-costs-for-a-typical-uk-semi-detached-18wu8ky4.png Figure 5: Yearly fuel costs for a typical UK semi-detached household in 2016, 2020, 2030 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-net-present-cost-of-heating-systems-2dll67se.png Figure 6: Net present cost of heating systems https://scispace.com/papers/the-economics-of-precision-guidance-with-auto-boom-control-ao1avygyri 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-total-input-savings-for-a-243-hectare-farm-comprised-q6w2za00.png Table 5. Total input savings for a 243 hectare farm comprised of the six case study fields. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-additional-investment-in-rtk-guidance-and-precision-2ttiqjo7.png Table 6. Additional investment in RTK guidance and precision spraying equipment with associated annual fixed costs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-precision-and-non-precision-spray-system-11y5rk8d.png Table 1. Precision and non-precision spray system descriptions and parameter assumptions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-sensitivity-analyses-for-return-above-total-costs-1znfqpe8.png Table 7. Sensitivity analyses for return above total costs for various farm sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-field-c-trapezoid-field-shape-with-grass-waterways-3ri4zluz.png Fig. 3. Field C - Trapezoid field shape with grass waterways. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-overlap-with-non-precision-sprayers-due-to-or37503m.png Fig. 2. Example of overlap with non-precision sprayers due to non-perpendicular field ends. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-of-sprayer-overlapped-area-wasted-time-and-d0pz9vpf.png Table 2. Estimates of sprayer overlapped area, wasted time and materials and total savings for field A with and without waterways. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimates-of-sprayer-overlapped-area-wasted-time-and-29krxbs4.png Table 3. Estimates of sprayer overlapped area, wasted time and materials and total savings for field B with and without waterways. https://scispace.com/papers/the-economics-of-parenting-self-esteem-and-academic-444270autn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ols-estimates-student-achievements-and-parental-1alga63k.png Table 3: OLS Estimates - Student Achievements and Parental Behaviors https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ols-reduced-form-estimates-2vwib3es.png Table 2: OLS Reduced-Form Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-2cummfes.png Table 1: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-first-stage-2sls-instrumental-variable-estimates-sgktr2mu.png Table 4: First-Stage 2SLS (Instrumental Variable) Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-second-stage-instrumental-variable-estimates-grcuac3p.png Table 5: Second-Stage (Instrumental Variable) Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2b-mapping-for-thl-1eu5jcl6.png Figure 2B: Mapping for θL https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-three-stage-least-squares-estimates-student-szzz9jvc.png Table 6: Three-Stage Least Squares Estimates - Student Achievements and Parental Behaviors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-parent-child-game-1hqn8a2i.png Figure 1: The Parent-Child Game https://scispace.com/papers/the-economics-of-the-illicit-drugs-for-guns-trade-and-growth-xwtl709k58 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-benchmark-parameter-values-country-b-1ra2ayyb.png Table 2 Benchmark Parameter Values, Country B https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-3nelj4t0.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-benchmark-parameter-values-country-a-27i6op2n.png Table 1 Benchmark Parameter Values, Country A https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2rvv6lbf.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3amy850y.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-educational-effects-of-19th-century-disentailment-of-3i284kltjv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-top-ten-buyers-of-disentailed-land-2ksqbs9m.png TABLE 2 TOP TEN BUYERS OF DISENTAILED LAND https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-econometric-results-of-educational-outcomes-1912-7ldfcgz6.png TABLE 3 ECONOMETRIC RESULTS OF EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES (1912) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-correlation-between-hectares-of-disentailed-land-3uu96ftj.png FIGURE 3 CORRELATION BETWEEN HECTARES OF DISENTAILED LAND AND HUMAN CAPITAL INDICATORS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lorenz-curves-for-prices-of-traded-lots-in-1857-and-hrkrwkn9.png FIGURE 2 LORENZ CURVES FOR PRICES OF TRADED LOTS IN 1857 AND DISENTAILED LAND LOT SIZES https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-disentailed-land-by-departamento-29qkq39y.png TABLE 1 DISTRIBUTION OF DISENTAILED LAND BY DEPARTAMENTO (STATE) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-purchases-of-disentailed-land-1d2he7e1.png FIGURE 1 NUMBER OF PURCHASES OF DISENTAILED LAND https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correlation-between-hectares-purchased-and-gini-of-dv11ux3b.png FIGURE 4 CORRELATION BETWEEN HECTARES PURCHASED AND GINI OF DISENTAILED LAND https://scispace.com/papers/the-edgeworth-cube-an-economic-model-for-social-peace-1xrp8t3qmo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-aggression-related-utilities-for-player-a-3v4h5hzw.png Figure 5. Aggression related utilities for player A https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-shape-of-unidimensional-utilities-for-players-a-and-1ppz8pgv.png Figure 4. Shape of unidimensional utilities for players A and B https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-aggression-related-utilities-for-player-a-with-1c4ko8ie.png Figure 7. Aggression related utilities for player A with penalties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-initial-endowments-and-pareto-optima-without-a-dlhw9kjw.png Figure 2. Initial endowments and Pareto optima without a sanction system for aggression19 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bs-utility-of-suffering-aggression-from-a-3qt5g9av.png Figure 6. B’s utility of suffering aggression from A https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-iterative-exchange-of-goods-for-peace-and-18pzswss.png Figure 3. Iterative exchange of goods for peace and subsequent re-raise of aggression by Player A without budget constraint for aggression and without penalty mechanism for aggression22 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-from-initial-endowment-to-market-equilibrium11-jxxig30a.png Figure 1. From initial endowment to market equilibrium11 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-1-3-butanediol-and-carbohydrate-2t5tedl3mi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-pre-fatigued-5-km-time-trial-performance-for-each-10jqjaaz.png Figure 1. (A) Pre-fatigued 5 km time-trial performance for each trial. Individual and mean results presented. (B) 1 kilometre split times for the pre-fatigued 5km https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-heart-rate-respiratory-and-perceptual-scale-results-di21f0c2.png Table 1 Heart rate, respiratory and perceptual scale results. Mean ± SD 370 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-blood-beta-hydroxybutyrate-a-blood-glucose-b-and-3vin7hr1.png Figure 2. Blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (A), blood glucose (B), and blood lactate (C) concentrations over the duration of each trial * denotes difference between trials, 1,2,3,4,5 denotes difference from baseline and subsequent time-points a denotes difference in CHO trial only, b denotes difference in BC+C trial only from baseline in CHO-BD trials only (p<0.05). Mean ± SD. https://scispace.com/papers/the-efeect-of-contention-on-the-scalability-of-page-based-2ykyal4sre 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-red-blacksor-protocol-load-histogramsfor-hlrc-f0s12zwi.png Figure 3: Red-BlackSOR protocol load histogramsfor HLRC. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-and-duration-of-prophylactic-platelet-4i43i8tsxc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-clinical-characteristics-survivors-n-38-nonsurvivors-3ohpscwq.png Table 4 Clinical characteristics Survivors (N = 38) Nonsurvivors (N = 18) p value https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1di0h3lt.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-anesthetics-on-carotenoid-pigmentation-and-f1g2oq7vcr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-carotenoid-based-spots-in-juvenile-arctic-charr-3qq19bqx.png Figure 3. Carotenoid-based spots in juvenile Arctic charr. Values are means ± S.E.M. Different superscript letters shows differences in number of spots on the same side between different treatments (LSD post hoc, P<0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-setup-used-for-photographing-individual-fish-14ezngii.png Figure 1. (A) The setup used for photographing individual fish. The setup included a holder for the camera to keep the same distance, lamps for providing constant light, and a box for keeping the fish still. The box also included a SpyderCUBE used for setting white balance during the pigmentation analysis. (B) Photograph depicting the selection box used for carotenoid-based pigmentation analysis. Arrows indicates typical spots that were counted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plasma-cortisol-levels-after-treatments-values-are-2ty4mcy0.png Figure 2. Plasma cortisol levels after treatments. Values are mean ± S.E.M and different superscript letters indicates differences between treatments (LSD post hoc, P<0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-behavioural-effects-of-anaesthetics-during-8rrfc1iz.png Table 1. The behavioural effects of anaesthetics during anaesthesia in juvenile Arctic charr. N=21 for Aquacalm and Benzocaine, and 22 for MS-222. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-absorption-losses-on-the-optical-behaviour-of-10serpsder 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measured-reflectance-and-transmittance-spectra-for-a-4-2mvj6m9c.png Fig. 4. Measured reflectance and transmittance spectra for a 4 µm pitch sample. The PBG can be found for 𝝀 from 15 µm to 23 µm. The measured sample was designed with a defect which results in a clear resonance state appearing in the middle of the PBG. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-the-measured-results-with-the-lossless-r1wm0wp8.png Fig. 8. Comparison of the measured results with the lossless simulated PC. The simulated spectra (solid line —) closely matches the measured spectra (dots ●) though there is a slight mismatch in the peak values and the obtained photonic bandgap is smaller for the simulated structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-the-simplified-profiles-used-for-1ul75y16.png Fig. 3. Comparison of the simplified profiles used for simulation versus the real fabricated ones. In (a) a single, continuous, string of spheres approximate the ideal PC fabricated with a sinusoidal profile. In (b) a defect is introduced by removing the middle sphere and keeping a constant radius. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-fdtd-simulated-spectra-for-the-pc-with-a-defect-for-kv5yd96e.png Fig. 7. FDTD simulated spectra for the PC with a defect for increasing losses. The sample porosity was 30.4%. The lossless case is shown with a thick solid line while the maximum extinction factor simulated (k=0.04) is shown in a dashed line. Some in-between results are shown in light grey. It can be appreciated how for increasing absorption, the transmitted light is severely affected, while the reflected light is little affected. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-change-in-the-peak-amplitude-of-the-transmitted-light-23n6d2y8.png Fig. 11. Change in the peak amplitude of the transmitted light for different porosities. Shown are selected points of the transmitted light (symbols) and their exponential fit (solid line) for a sample of the studied porosities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-em-field-power-density-distribution-inside-the-pc-for-mbdm8ll1.png Fig. 6. EM field power density distribution inside the PC for the resonant mode. (a) shows the field distribution in XZ and XY cross-sections. The XZ view shows that the energy is concentrated in the defect. The XY crosssections show the E and H field distribution, and the power density at the centre of the defect. In (b) the power density along the pore axis is plotted, clearly showing that energy is stored in the defect. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cross-section-view-of-a-3-d-photonic-crystal-3ncf0bus.png Fig. 1. Cross section view of a 3-D photonic crystal fabricated by electrochemical etching of silicon and illumination-current modulation with a sine profile. The shown sample is a 4 µm pitch square lattice and identical zperiodicity. (A) shows a PC without defect. In (B) the inclusion of a defect in the PC lattice is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-porosity-dependence-of-the-resonance-peak-amplitude-q3bkph08.png Fig. 10. Porosity dependence of the resonance peak amplitude and calculated Q-factor. The transmitted peak amplitude and its Q-factor are plotted for the lossless case vs. porosity. The Q-factor finds its maximum at about p=35 % ~ 38 %, but the peak maximum is obtained for a lower porosity (near 25 %). https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-alloying-elements-on-the-ductility-of-al-mg-si-349hh4h9b0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-particle-distribution-charts-grey-bars-indicate-the-w5x8n479.png Figure 5: Particle distribution charts. Grey bars indicate the number of particles in each size interval, while black dots indicate the corresponding average feret diameter. The distribution fitting is log normal: 𝒇 = 𝒂𝒆𝒙𝒑(−𝟎. 𝟓(𝒍𝒏(𝒙/ 𝑿𝟎)/𝒃) 𝟐)/𝟐. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-particles-found-on-grain-boundaries-in-the-xbewko65.png Figure 11: a) Particles found on grain boundaries in the reference alloy are indicated by white arrows. b) Chemical analysis of dark particles on grain boundaries in the reference alloy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-sem-images-of-the-fracture-surfaces-showing-2he1ifs8.png Figure 10: SEM images of the fracture surfaces, showing intergranular fracture in Ref (a) and A (b), and completely ductile fracture surfaces for B (c) and C (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-tem-micrographs-of-dispersoids-in-the-mn-14iaoxdl.png Figure 12: TEM micrographs of dispersoids in the Mn-containing alloys. a) and b) display a high density of dispersoids in alloys B and C, respectively. c) and d) show the pinning of grain boundaries by dispersoids in the same alloys. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-example-of-the-sem-images-analysed-taken-from-gjg4y838.png Figure 4: An example of the SEM images analysed, taken from the reference alloy. The primary particles are aligned along stringers in the extrusion direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-grain-size-distribution-of-the-recrystallized-t4iwjezp.png Figure 3: The grain size distribution of the recrystallized alloys. The distribution fitting is exponential decline: 𝒇 = 𝒚𝟎 + 𝒂𝒆𝒙𝒑(−𝒃𝒙). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-precipitate-distribution-and-sizes-imaged-at-100kx-3dml8663.png Figure 13: Precipitate distribution and sizes imaged at 100kX magnification. The precipitate sizes are coarser for Ref (a) and B (c), while the introduction of Cu has resulted in a fine precipitate structure in A (b) and C (d). All images are taken with the matrix oriented in a <100> zone axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-result-from-the-eds-analysis-the-primary-particles-286ty3fj.png Figure 6: Result from the EDS analysis. The primary particles in Ref and A seem to align along the β-AlFeSi-line, while the particles in the two Mn-containing alloys, B and C, align along α-Al(Fe,Mn)3Si1.5. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-alterations-in-activity-and-body-temperature-3urzbq8car 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diurnal-changes-in-a-body-temperature-b-metabolic-rate-3iptfuis.png Fig. 1. Diurnal changes in (A) body temperature, (B) metabolic rate (V . O∑) and (C) percentage of the bat colony observed as either torpid or warm-active for Nyctophilus geoffroyiat an ambient temperature, Ta, of 24 °C. Bats observed as ‘torpid’ were motionless, curled up and slow to respond to human touch. Those observed as ‘warmactive’ were alert and/or flying. The horizontal dark bars represent the period of darkness. Identical letters indicate points that are significantly different at P<0.05. Values are means ±S.E.M.; N=5–6 for each point in A and B, and N=36 for each point in C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-diurnal-changes-in-a-cholesterol-chol-content-of-31eqxokv.png Fig. 4. Diurnal changes in (A) cholesterol (Chol) content of lavage per gram dry lung mass, (B) cholesterol content relative to phospholipid (PL) content and (C) cholesterol content relative to disaturated phospholipid (DSP) content in Nyctophilus geoffroyiat an ambient temperature, Ta, of 24 °C. The horizontal dark bars represent the period of darkness. Identical letters indicate points that are significantly different at P<0.05. Values are means ±S.E.M.; N=4–6 for each time point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-diurnal-changes-in-a-total-phospholipid-pl-content-of-1nfuw2n1.png Fig. 3. Diurnal changes in (A) total phospholipid (PL) content of lavage, (B) total disaturated phospholipid (DSP) content of lavage and (C) percentage of phospholipid that is disaturated phospholipid in Nyctophilus geoffroyiat an ambient temperature, Ta, of 24 °C. Amounts are expressed per gram dry lung mass. The horizontal dark bars represent the period of darkness. Identical letters indicate points that are significantly different at P<0.05. Values are means ±S.E.M.; N=5–6 for each time point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-comparison-of-body-temperature-values-from-the-k9vwohon.png Fig. 2. (A) Comparison of body temperature values from the present study with those of Hosken and Withers (1999) for Nyctophilus geoffroyi at an ambient temperature, Ta, of 24 °C. Bats were classified as torpid at Tb<28 °C (Speakman, 1988). (B) Comparison of V . O∑ measurements from the two studies. Values are means + S.E.M. for the present study data. Identical letters refer to significant differences (P<0.05) between torpid and warm-active bats in the present study. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-antenatal-care-on-professional-assistance-at-32njyi8x1y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-and-figs-2-and-3-show-results-for-north-and-south-3oc21f3r.png Table 3 and Figs. 2 and 3 show results for North and South separately. North and South do not differ much regarding the effect of ANC on assistance at home. By contrast, the effect of ANC on institutional delivery is larger in the South than in the https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-adjusted-effects-relative-risk-ratios-of-selected-2no4ndvu.png Table 4 Adjusted effects (relative risk ratios) of selected predictor variables on type of assistance at delivery in rural India, NFHS-2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-adjusted-effects-of-pregnancy-complications-on-type-of-2ctbsa7r.png Fig. 4 Adjusted effects of pregnancy complications on type of assistance at delivery, NFHS-2. Source: Multinomial logistic regression model underlying Table 4 using the PREDICT command in STATA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-adjusted-effects-of-antenatal-care-on-type-of-3huseyy4.png Fig. 1 Adjusted effects of antenatal care on type of assistance at delivery in rural India, NFHS-1 and NFHS-2. Source: Derived from Model 4 for NFHS-1 and Model 5 for NFHS-2 in Table 2 using the PREDICT command in STATA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-adjusted-effects-of-health-care-access-variables-on-voxv027o.png Fig. 5 Adjusted effects of health-care-access variables on type of assistance at delivery, NFHS-2. Source: Multinomial logistic regression model underlying Table 4 using the PREDICT command in STATA https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-distribution-of-births-in-the-three-years-35a70yew.png Table 1 Sample distribution of births in the three years before NFHS-1 and NFHS-2 by type of assistance at delivery and selected predictor variables for rural areas of All India, North India, and South India (percent) https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-anticipated-achievement-feedback-on-students-369pd417j8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-the-two-way-mixed-anovas-on-site-and-2qwehhs0.png Table 4 Results of the two-way mixed ANOVAs on site and feedback for the low-expectation and the no-expectation condition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-the-four-way-mixed-anova-on-time-site-14rqcdt2.png Table 3 Results of the four-way mixed ANOVA on time, site, feedback, and expectation (comprehensive analysis) and the results of the two separate three-way mixed ANOVAs on site, feedback and expectation for T1 and T2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-birds-eye-view-of-the-electrode-layout-on-an-idealised-10jd3uh2.png Fig. 1. Birds-eye view of the electrode layout on an idealised head. The centro-parietal sites (used for analyses), are displayed in black. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-2-2-experimental-conditions-and-sample-sizes-2d73dvsx.png Table 1 The 2 2 experimental conditions and sample sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-the-means-m-and-standard-deviations-sd-3mi8pr4o.png Table 2 Overview of the means (M) and standard deviations (SD) on the achievement emotions questionnaire (AEQ) for the experimental conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-applied-compressive-stress-on-the-diffusion-of-1i7ha3gxor 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-show-the-xrd-charts-of-hip-and-ht-samples-treated-3pg5a0wx.png Figure 5 XRD charts of HIP and HT treated PC samples at 575 ℃ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-carbon-profiles-of-carburized-samples-after-heat-3fxfhwer.png Figure 4 Carbon profiles of carburized samples after heat treatment at 550 ℃, 575 ℃ and 600 ℃ for 1hour under 0 (HT) and 180 MPa(HIP) isostatic compressive stress https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-chemical-composition-of-316-ass-at-vfsdcy7y.png Table 1 The chemical composition of 316 ASS (at. %) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-xrd-charts-of-hip-and-ht-treated-pc-samples-at-575-143tj2gl.png Figure 5 XRD charts of HIP and HT treated PC samples at 575 ℃ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-carbon-depth-profiles-of-sample-ht-5-575-1-h-hip-4-1eyg8b2i.png Figure 3 Carbon depth profiles of Sample ‘HT 5’ (575 ℃,1 h), ‘HIP 4’ (575 ℃,180 MPa, 1 h) and ‘HIP5’ (575 ℃, 90 MPa, 1 h) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-calculated-carbon-diffusion-coefficient-as-a-23v7naw1.png Figure 7 The calculated carbon diffusion coefficient as a function of the carbon concentrations and temperature for HT and HIP samples (HT/HIP 2 for 550℃, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-it-is-apparent-that-carbon-diffusion-coefficient-163htfmp.png Figure 7 The calculated carbon diffusion coefficient as a function of the carbon concentrations and temperature for HT and HIP samples (HT/HIP 2 for 550℃, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-concentration-profiles-after-transformation-of-3tk53c26.png Figure 6 The concentration profiles after transformation of ( ),c x t to ( )c x https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-balance-training-on-cervical-sensorimotor-3s2uou190n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-three-balance-tasks-were-performed-single-leg-1lfisqbg.png FIGURE 2. Three balance tasks were performed: single leg stance, tandem stance, and standing on a wobble board. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-positive-significant-correlation-between-reduction-12hd29rp.png FIGURE 5. Positive significant correlation between reduction in neck pain and reduction in joint position sense error. https://scispace.com/papers/the-eee-project-cosmic-rays-multigap-resistive-plate-2lbg4onmse 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-muon-trigger-rate-of-the-eee-telescope-located-at-3u34hggv.png Figure 6: Muon trigger rate of the EEE telescope located at Altamura, during few days of last October https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-bandwidth-and-buffer-pricing-on-resource-44gw1lameb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-price-increase-upon-resources-on-same-link-mfig2ttv.png Fig. 5. Effect of price increase upon resources on same link https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-price-increase-upon-resources-on-other-links-19p8ultc.png Fig. 6. Effect of price increase upon resources on other links https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-minimum-cost-function-with-b-3-5-and-g-1-33avg6zi.png Fig. 3. Minimum cost function with β = 3.5 and γ = 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-minimum-cost-allocations-3npn4p3l.png Fig. 2. Minimum cost allocations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-communication-between-user-arbitrager-and-network-3byqf7i3.png Fig. 1. Communication between user, arbitrager, and network https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sensitivity-of-loss-to-price-y87azr8z.png Fig. 4. Sensitivity of loss to price https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-biological-and-polymeric-inhibitors-on-methane-1bmu3htwah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-1-experimental-conditions-and-percentage-reduction-10hrwma1.png TABLE 3.2.1 – EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS AND PERCENTAGE REDUCTION OF GROWTH DUE TO INHIBITION % AFTER 15 MINUTES OF EXPERIMENTAL RUN ......................................................................................... 41 TABLE 3.4.1– EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS AND PERCENTAGE INCREASE OF GROWTH DUE TO PROMOTION % https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-applied-cytotoxic-drugs-on-biological-3brfc9lopc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-alternation-of-the-organ-uptake-of-99mtc-dpd-in-37cx2jrn.png Table 2. The alternation of the organ uptake of 99mTc-DPD in healthy rats treated with methotrexate sodium and cyclophosphamide https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-alternation-of-the-organ-uptake-of-99mtc-tin-l2ub6qdn.png Table 3. The alternation of the organ uptake of 99mTc-Tin-colloid in healthy rats treated with methotrexate sodium and cyclophosphamide https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-alternation-of-the-organ-uptake-of-99mtc-dmsa-in-1e1iipk2.png Table 1. The alternation of the organ uptake of 99mTc-DMSA in healthy rats treated with methotrexate sodium and cyclophosphamide https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-alternation-of-the-organ-uptake-of-99mtc-maa-in-2k25drn8.png Table 4. The alternation of the organ uptake of 99mTc-MAA in healthy rats treated with methotrexate and cyclophosphamide https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-boreal-forest-canopy-to-reflectance-of-snow-4sanzzbx7g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-presents-the-mean-reflectance-or-index-values-and-1ahlhppm.png Fig. 6 presents the mean reflectance or index values and standard deviation for each Canopy Cover (CC) equal interval class of 10%-units (±5% from the mean CC value). We found that CC https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-ndsi-and-ndvi-for-forest-scene-with-snow-free-2ktqxd3k.png Table 3 The NDSI and NDVI for forest scene with snow-free canopy Vsf and snow-covered canopy Vsc and their relative difference dr for different forest categories. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-measurement-conditions-on-18-march-2010-when-the-1i5ffzut.png Table 1 The measurement conditions on 18 March 2010 when the canopy was snow-free and on 21 March 2010 when the canopy was snow-covered. The proportions are from the area monitored by mast-borne spectrometer analyzed from digital image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ndsi-versus-canopy-cover-and-tree-height-on-the-left-1kxgatno.png Fig. 8. NDSI versus Canopy Cover and Tree Height on the left and NDVI versus Canopy Cover and Tree Height on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-relation-between-the-ccxth-and-a-green-band-ecmgd6bs.png Fig. 9. The relation between the CCxTH and (a) green band reflectance (555 nm), (b) NIR band reflectance (858.5 nm), (c) NDSI and (d) NDVI. R is Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the indices and TH. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-forest-canopy-and-grain-size-on-18-march-2010-on-zoh74ati.png Fig. 1. The forest canopy and grain size on 18 March 2010 on the left an https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-bands-were-extracted-from-the-aisa-spectra-by-11xeor4x.png Table 2). The bands were extracted from the AISA spectra by using he band specific FWHM criterion (full width at half maximum) coresponding to MODIS bands (Table 2). AISA derived green (555 nm) nd near infrared (858.5 nm) bands, and NDSI and NDVI indices, ere compared with the LIDAR based Canopy Cover (CC) and Tree eight (TH) maps. In addition, the AISA data was compared with he product of CC and TH, referred to as CCxTH. In order to find out he correspondence with the total forest canopy volume, CCxTH alues were compared with the 25 m resolution volume of growng stock (VOL) data, which was calculated from Landsat images y the Finnish Forest Research Institute (METLA) (Tomppo et al., 008). The comparison of these data sets is shown in Fig. 2 indicatng a slightly non-linear relation between VOL and CCxTH values. he obtained second-degree fit is https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-mean-values-and-the-standard-deviation-of-the-2r4xevl5.png Figure 2. The mean values and the standard deviation of the volume of the growing stock (VOL) in different CCxTH classes (CCxTH-values are divided into 15 classes). The regression lines between CCxTH and the VOL data are also shown. Pearson’s correlation coefficient R is calculated between the CCxTH and the VOL data as well as between the modeled VOL values and VOL estimates determined from the coarser resolution satellite data. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-bubble-size-distribution-on-the-release-of-3aq6x9q4oi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-zeta-potential-after-ozone-flotation-2hgebw56.png Fig 8. Zeta potential after ozone-flotation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-percentage-of-transferred-o3-oxidized-biomass-and-6451ekrw.png Fig 6. Percentage of transferred O3, oxidized biomass and biomass harvested in relation to ozone flow, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-diameter-of-ozone-bubble-size-at-three-heights-3kv7n7pv.png Fig 3. Average diameter of ozone bubble size at three heights (bottom, middle and top) in triplicate measured 900 bubbles the column and protein release with three ozone flow rates in ozone flotation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-cumulative-relative-frequency-of-bubble-size-qk3l2vwn.png Fig 5. The cumulative relative frequency of bubble size distribution in three heights in the column with https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-relative-frequency-of-bubble-size-distribution-and-1qu70hpm.png Fig 4. The relative frequency of bubble size distribution and Sauter mean diameter (D) in three heights https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-setup-for-testing-ozone-flotation-to-33lase9b.png Fig. 2 Experimental setup for testing ozone-flotation to determine bubble size distribution. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-capacitive-stored-energy-on-neutral-beam-1c6t95e4mq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schemata-diagram-of-neutral-beam-power-system-3ddy694m.png Fig. 1 Schemata diagram of neutral beam power system https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-ceo-tenure-on-the-relation-between-firm-1f3s72y3bv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multinomial-logit-ceo-turnover-models-3dco0cml.png Table 2. Multinomial Logit CEO Turnover Models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-individual-ceos-in-the-1yp4vpi5.png Table 1. Descriptive Statistics for Individual CEOs in the Final Sample. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-marginal-effect-of-roa-on-the-likelihood-of-dkby7da5.png Table 4. The Marginal Effect of ROA on the Likelihood of Forced Turnover. a https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-descriptive-statistics-of-performance-for-outside-2ot0h8es.png Table 6. Descriptive Statistics of Performance for Outside Hires. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multinomial-logit-ceo-turnover-models-with-ceo-kihnbxw2.png Table 3. Multinomial Logit CEO Turnover Models with CEO Tenure and Firm Performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-the-ratio-of-forced-ceo-turnover-to-the-number-of-mb3xx9q9.png Figure I. The Ratio of Forced CEO Turnover to the Number of Observations by Years of Tenure. Note: The unregulated sample consists of 760 firms with 7,402 CEO years between 1980 and 1993 when measuring firm performance using industry-adjusted return on assets (ROA). The vertical axis measures the ratio of forced turnovers to the number of observations for that year of CEO tenure. For example, 709 observations in the sample involve one year of CEO tenure, and 23 involve forced turnover. Thus, ratio for year 1 is 3.24. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-multinomial-logit-ceo-turnover-models-for-inside-xosd2qb6.png Table 5. Multinomial Logit CEO Turnover Models for Inside Hires, Founders, and Outside Hires. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-characteristics-of-source-credibility-on-34rrc5kdb5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-meta-analysis-2494kad4.png Table 2 Results of meta-analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-source-credibility-xse4mbcc.png Table 1 Characteristics of source credibility https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-research-model-1c2h1unr.png Figure 1. Research model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-construct-correlations-3d9pywqv.png Figure 2. Construct correlations https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-change-in-soil-volume-on-organic-matter-4ua73jxkpz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-change-in-thickness-strain-versus-sample-depth-cm-8047q2e8.png Figure 4 Change in thickness (strain 𝜀) versus sample depth (cm) computed with (a) Ti as immobile index element or (b) Al as immobile index element, applying 𝜀i(x, tend)= a1x+ a2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-flow-chart-of-dynamic-model-for-every-time-step-the-1kzcf4lr.png Figure 5 Flow chart of dynamic model. For every time-step the thickness and depth of each layer is recalculated. First, the carbon fraction is calculated and used to derive bulk density. The bulk density, together with the sum of mineral and SOM mass, determines the thickness and thus depth. The newly calculated depths affect depth-dependent processes in the next time-step. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-modelled-organic-carbon-depth-profiles-and-measured-bxamfxdr.png Figure 8 Modelled organic carbon-depth profiles and measured (⚬) organic carbon-depth profiles obtained with (a) wA = 56 cm−1 (optimal fit) and DA = 3 cm2 year−1 (- - -) or 0.3 cm2 year−1 (····), (b) DA = 1.0 cm2 year−1 (optimal fit) and wA = 130 cm (····) or 18 cm (- - -) and (c) a total initial thickness of the current soil of 30 cm (····) or 10 cm (- - -). Other parameter settings in these figures are equivalent to the optimal fit within the SCEM ranges presented in Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-transport-fraction-gains-are-positive-and-losses-2r6y0i2i.png Figure 6 Transport 𝜏 (fraction, gains are positive and losses are negative) of (a) Ti and (b) Al plotted against against change in soil thickness (strain). Immobility is established when the majority of the ‘transport line’ connecting minimum (•), maximum (⚬) and average (×) strain falls within the natural variability of the immobile index element as shown by thick horizontal lines (Chadwick et al., 1990). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-modelled-and-measured-organic-carbon-depth-profiles-3e4y7wg0.png Figure 7 Modelled ( – ) and measured (⚬) organic carbon-depth profiles at several moments in time (t in years). The current situation is represented by the figure for tend = 4800 years and includes also a modelled organic carbon-depth profile without bioturbation B (····). The initial total thickness of the current soil (i.e. Lcurrent(t0)) is indicated in the figure by to and its total thickness after soil formation (i.e. Lcurrent(tend)) is indicated in the figure by tend. We included the fit for the optimal parameter set only and not the range of the SCEM fits for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-volume-change-affects-the-position-of-the-surface-3mqko12u.png Figure 1 Volume change affects the position of the surface, resulting in an upwardly moving bioturbation zone. Rooting and weathering zones might also move upwards. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-photograph-of-the-soil-profile-studied-17eirh94.png Figure 2 Photograph of the soil profile studied. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-glossary-of-symbols-and-indices-2di1ovcb.png Table 1 Glossary of symbols and indices https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-changing-chemical-composition-on-dissimilar-mg-ess6zdiwxb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-joints-appearance-and-macrostructure-of-different-jnpsxydt.png Fig. 2. Joints appearance and macrostructure of different samples welded using various welding conditions, namely rotational and transversal speeds. Processing conditions of each sample are listed in Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-tem-images-and-eds-analysis-in-stirred-zone-of-the-3fhagrtb.png Fig. 9. TEM images and EDS analysis in stirred zone of the weld made at 600 rpm-35 mm/min: (a,b) bright-field images showing MgZn2 phase and Zn-rich area in Mg matrix, (c,d) EDS peaks of points C and D denoted in Fig. 9(a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-enlarged-graph-of-areas-pointed-in-fig-2-show-presence-cmepmp6a.png Fig. 3. Enlarged graph of areas pointed in Fig 2 show presence of cavity in the stirred zone of: (a) sample 1, (b) sample 2, (c,d) sample 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fesem-micrograph-of-banded-structure-zone-in-specimen-2iqpq2yb.png Fig. 5. FESEM micrograph of banded structure zone in specimen: (a) number 1, (b) number 2, (c) number 3, (d) number 4, (e) number 5, (f) number 6, (g) number 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-eds-line-analysis-at-al-interface-of-specimen-welded-2ro1d2be.png Fig. 8. EDS line analysis at Al interface of specimen welded at 600 rpm and 35 mm/min. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-contents-and-mechanical-characteristics-of-qqhimmtd.png Table 1 Chemical contents and mechanical characteristics of alloys. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-schematic-picture-of-fsw-process-with-addition-of-3cy4uh0l.png Fig. 1. (a) A schematic picture of FSW process with addition of Zn interlayer, (b) FSW tool. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-micro-fractographs-of-sample-a-nomber-1-b-nomber-2-c-fhugul25.png Fig. 11. Micro fractographs of sample: (a) nomber 1, (b) nomber 2, (c) nomber 3, (d) nomber 4, (e) nomber 5, (f) nomber 6 and (g) nomber 7. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-child-care-and-part-time-opportunities-on-8ohs61c4t7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-child-care-and-part-time-by-region-1991-1995-6-eiwxxjr8.png Table 6 Child Care and Part Time by Region 1991-1995 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-descriptive-statistics-of-variables-means-and-2705j2nw.png Table 5 Descriptive Statistics of Variables (Means and Standard Deviations) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-elasticities-of-child-care-part-time-and-family-11yf3jx1.png Table 9 Elasticities of child care, part time and family support https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mothers-participation-by-age-of-the-child-27lmxanh.png Table 4 Mothers’ participation by age of the child https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-fertility-equation-estimates-1alzhgzj.png Table 8 Fertility Equation Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participation-and-fertility-rates-1997-1f0hjou5.png Table 1 Participation and Fertility rates 1997 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-part-time-and-womens-employment-in-service-12iuq0yk.png Table 2 Part-time and Women’s Employment in Service https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-children-3-yrs-and-3-5-yrs-in-public-child-care-bkh7vauu.png Table 3 Children <3 yrs and 3-5 yrs in public child care https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-chemical-additives-on-the-strength-stiffness-1h2ctek3bk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tensile-index-of-paper-as-a-function-of-combinations-g2ptdame.png Fig 3 - Tensile index of paper as a function of combinations of 1% CMC and cationic starches. The additions are calculated as wt-% of o.d. pulp. The average values with their confidence level intervals (95%) are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tensile-index-of-paper-as-a-function-of-starch-or-cmc-liud4ywl.png Fig 2 - Tensile index of paper as a function of starch or CMC addition. The additions were calculated as wt-% of o.d. pulp. The average values with their confidence level intervals (95%) are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-the-kraft-pulp-before-and-after-3m7kirf5.png Table 1 - Properties of the kraft pulp before and after refining to 135 kWh/ton. The fiber length and amount of fines are reported as length weighted averages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-measured-dewatering-resistance-of-kraft-pulp-at-3aa24wpy.png Fig 1 - The measured dewatering resistance of kraft pulp at different refining intensities. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-some-properties-of-the-cationic-starches-and-cmc-the-38iy458y.png Table 2 - Some properties of the cationic starches and CMC. The charge densities were determined by polyelectrolyte titration, and the molar masses were provided by the supplier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-adsorption-of-polysaccharides-on-cnf-thin-films-qocj73qg.png Fig 6 - Adsorption of polysaccharides on CNF thin films monitored by QCM-D shift in frequency, −Δf3 (a) and dissipation, ΔD3 (b) and SPR (c) as a function of time. Polysaccharide injection and rinsing with Milli-Q water is indicated by the vertical arrows (CS = cationic starch). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-viscoelastic-properties-of-the-polysaccharide-layers-25f55chy.png Table 5 - Viscoelastic properties of the polysaccharide layers adsorbed on films of CNF. SPR data and the Voigt modeling results from QCM-D are shown after rinsing with Milli-Q water. Surface concentration (MSPR), hydrodynamic surface concentration (MQCM-D), layer thickness (h), shear viscosity (), and elastic shear modulus (µ). https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-cirrus-clouds-on-microwave-limb-radiances-3istg4wyxh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-atmospheric-profiles-for-temperature-ozone-and-water-2gmrdau2.png Fig. 1. Atmospheric profiles for temperature, ozone and water vapor (FASCOD). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-impact-of-cloud-altitude-left-panel-limb-spectrum-at-7-3k1ns7hk.png Fig. 4. Impact of cloud altitude. Left panel—limb spectrum at 7-km tangent altitude. Clear-sky spectrum (grey line), and cloudy spectra for cloud altitude 6–8 km (solid), 8–10 km (dash-dotted) and 10–12 km (dotted). Top plot shows absolute BTs, bottom plot differences from the clear-sky case. Right panel: radiances at 318 GHz as a function of cloud altitude; 6–8 km (solid), 8–10 km (dash-dotted) and 10–12 km (dotted). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-limb-spectra-at-different-tangent-altitudes-left-panel-3e6t4yc5.png Fig. 8. Limb spectra at different tangent altitudes. Left panel: band D (342–349 GHz). Right panel: band E (496–506 GHz). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-impact-of-particle-size-left-panel-limb-spectrum-at-8-2nabc5lt.png Fig. 3. Impact of particle size. Left panel—limb spectrum at 8-km tangent altitude. Right panel—limb spectrum at 11.5-km tangent altitude. Clear-sky spectrum (grey line), and cloudy spectra for Reff = 21.5 Am (solid), Reff = 34.0 Am (dashed-dotted), Reff = 68.5 Am (dotted), Reff = 85.5 Am (dashed) and Reff = 128.5 Am (solid). Top plots show absolute BTs, bottom plots differences from the clear-sky case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-limb-spectra-at-different-tangent-altitudes-left-panel-2552glin.png Fig. 7. Limb spectra at different tangent altitudes. Left panel: band B (294–304 GHz). Right panel: band C (317– 326 GHz). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-impact-of-imc-left-panel-limb-spectrum-at-8-km-tangent-1g046abh.png Fig. 6. Impact of IMC. Left panel—limb spectrum at 8-km tangent altitude. Right panel—limb spectrum at 11.5-km tangent altitude. Clear-sky spectrum (grey line), and cloudy spectra for IMC=4 10 5 (solid), 1.6 10 3 (dashed-dotted), 8 10 3 (dotted), 0.16 (dashed) and 0.04 (solid) and the corresponding particle sizes. Top plots show absolute BTs, bottom plots differences from the clear-sky case. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definition-of-five-test-cases-to-study-the-effect-of-1fa8w57w.png Table 1 Definition of five test cases to study the effect of cloud properties on limb radiances https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-extinction-cross-section-solid-lines-scattering-cross-3nbebljd.png Fig. 2. Extinction cross section (solid lines), scattering cross section (dashed lines) and absorption cross section (dotted lines) for gamma-distributed randomly oriented particle ensembles of cylindrical particles with aspect https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-class-size-on-the-teaching-of-pupils-aged-7-11-1keij0wgg7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-effect-of-number-of-pupils-on-pupil-and-teacher-2oddoiis.png Table 1 The effect of number of pupils on pupil and teacher behavior in Year 6 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-combining-the-competency-based-approach-and-2dwxul20hh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-planned-contrasts-test-results-7vkwxozr.png Table 13. Planned Contrasts Test Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-anova-test-results-3ppy5yni.png Table 11. ANOVA Test Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-experimental-group-a-scores-frequency-distribution-2btfnegd.png Table 6. Experimental Group A Scores Frequency Distribution in the Post-test https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-experimental-group-b-scores-frequency-distribution-36yzxdry.png Table 7. Experimental Group B Scores Frequency Distribution in the Post-test https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-control-group-scores-frequency-distribution-in-ptk6yz7d.png Table 5. The Control Group Scores Frequency Distribution in the Post-test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-three-groups-scores-frequency-distribution-in-2zsqay8m.png Figure 2. The Three Groups Scores Frequency Distribution in the Post-test https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-test-of-homogeneity-of-variance-results-1zi9y830.png Table 10. Test of Homogeneity of Variance Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-descriptives-9m24chb9.png Table 9. Descriptives https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-clay-treatment-on-remediation-of-diethylketone-4t6ybrs19c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-xrd-patterns-of-jezm24rf.png Fig. 2. XRD patterns of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ftir-spectra-of-the-clays-bentonite-sepeolite-d78f4ma3.png Fig. 1. FTIR spectra of the clays bentonite, sepeolite, kaolinite and vermiculite. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-the-pseudo-first-order-andpseudo-21qjsk99.png Table 2 Comparison of the pseudo-first-order andpseudo-second-order kineticmodels for the adsorption of solvent onto the clays at variousmass of adsorbents (800mg/L of solvent). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-adsorption-isothermconstants-for-thebest-fitmodels-11nw25ge.png Table 1 Adsorption isothermconstants for thebest fitmodels, for the solvent ontobentonite, sepiolite, kaolinite and vermiculite clays. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-best-fit-sorption-isotherm-for-diethylketone-onto-4nct5anl.png Fig. 4. Best fit sorption isotherm for diethylketone onto bentonite clay (•: experimental data, —: model). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plot-of-pseudo-first-order-kinetics-for-the-adsorption-ao29v98c.png Fig. 5. Plot of pseudo-first-order kinetics for the adsorption of solvent onto different clays for an initial concentration of solvent of 800mg/L (in 150mL) and adsorbent doses between 0.1 g and 1.5 g. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-communication-on-individual-preferences-for-4vxcr27pwn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-attributes-and-their-levels-300qnrux.png Table 1 Attributes and their levels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2a-votes-for-land-use-alternatives-in-rounds-i-and-ii-knphoqz0.png Figure 2b Changes in votes for land use alternatives from Rounds I to II between Treatment and Control groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-quasi-experimental-setting-13jt5yr6.png Table 2 Quasi experimental setting https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-generalized-mixed-logit-regression-results-3lw43t4i.png Table 3 Generalized mixed logit regression results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-a-choice-question-3fb3x8dh.png Figure 1 Example of a choice question https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-compensating-surplus-cs-derived-from-the-land-5805ra6n.png Table 5 Mean compensating surplus (CS) derived from the land use alternatives (C$/year) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-votes-for-land-use-alternatives-across-first-1dj4bspi.png Figure 3 Votes for land use alternatives across First Nations communities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2b-changes-in-votes-for-land-use-alternatives-from-2jvfb9mx.png Figure 2b Changes in votes for land use alternatives from Rounds I to II between Treatment and Control groups https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-compulsory-service-on-life-satisfaction-and-2x38gpw5zr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-military-conscripts-and-men-in-community-3f6cbt3t.png Figure 1 Number of military conscripts and men in community service by year. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-robustness-tests-s7tykhs4.png Table 6 Robustness tests. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-the-dd-analysis-39dp4ced.png Table 5 Results of the DD analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-classification-of-young-men-into-military-service-35juapx4.png Table 1 Classification of young men into military service tiers by birth cohort. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gender-specific-trends-in-life-satisfaction-by-1grhfebp.png Figure 3 Gender-specific trends in life satisfaction by survey year. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-number-of-soep-interviews-and-google-search-j877idcc.png Figure 4 Number of SOEP interviews and Google search intensity for terms related to compulsory services by month. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-classification-of-young-men-into-military-service-2ms5bl7j.png Table 2 Classification of young men into military service tiers by birth cohort. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-males-with-and-without-medical-pkfzag8x.png Figure 2 Number of males with and without medical examinations by cohort. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-content-retelling-on-vocabulary-uptake-from-a-19kav2us10 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-gains-of-precise-knowledge-sds-in-parentheses-39d20ikj.png Table 3: Mean gains of precise knowledge (SDs in parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-text-based-output-activities-used-in-previous-263smy0n.png Table 1: Text-based ‘output’ activities used in previous studies with a vocabulary focus https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-gains-including-credit-for-partial-knowledge-2x4srnq0.png Table 2: Mean gains including credit for partial knowledge (SDs in parentheses) https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-corporate-governance-on-firm-performance-fh9irvk0jm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-wilcoxon-signed-ranks-test-jjtvnt54.png Table 10. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-hypothesis-test-of-price-earnings-ratio-ranks-2pczjfuy.png Table 13. Hypothesis test of Price-earnings ratio. Ranks https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-one-sample-kolmogorov-smirnov-test-of-price-38rtsqsu.png Table 12. One Sample Kolmogorov Smirnov Test of Price-earnings Ratio https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-test-statistics-a-12w9yy9h.png Table 14. Test Statistics a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-maine-dot-february-2008-2gwgbega.png Figure 9. (Maine DOT, February 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-zakat-from-muzakky-doesn-t-shift-supply-curve-and-2borhht9.png Figure 3.1. Zakat from Muzakky doesn't Shift Supply Curve and Zakat for Mustahiq Shift Demand Curve to The Right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-maine-dot-february-2008-8fi9wpuw.png Figure 10. (Maine DOT, February 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-malmquist-productivity-index-with-relative-2qbd3jm3.png Table 5. Average Malmquist Productivity Index with Relative Efficiency Changes and Frontier Shift Effect for https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-cosmetics-packaging-design-on-consumers-4v50o2op6d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-most-attractive-aspects-of-products-questions-8-9-ur6pp9xn.png Table 1. Most Attractive Aspects of Products (Questions 8, 9, and 10) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-lipstick-brands-question-17-2gym7ev9.png Figure 1. Lipstick Brands (Question 17) https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-corporate-support-programs-on-employees-1gd1njuig5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-composition-study-1-10x56a6t.png Table 1. Sample composition (study 1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6b-descriptives-and-correlations-in-the-sample-from-1uixojdr.png Table 6b. Descriptives and correlations in the sample from China (study 2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6a-descriptives-and-correlations-in-the-sample-from-23f14en5.png Table 6b. Descriptives and correlations in the sample from China (study 2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-country-overview-including-the-scores-from-taras-et-1logrund.png Table 2: Country overview, including the scores from Taras et al. (2012) and means of corporate support and innovative employee behavior from study 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptives-and-correlations-study-1-3dp42tmr.png Table 3. Descriptives and correlations (study 1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-multilevel-logit-regression-analysis-with-employees-2nu28g6c.png Table 5. Multilevel logit regression analysis with employees’ innovative behavior as dependent variable (odds ratios) (study 1) a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-research-model-895pj3iz.png Figure 1. Research model https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multilevel-logit-regression-analysis-with-employees-3j0vqoql.png Table 4. Multilevel logit regression analysis with employees’ innovative behavior as dependent variable (regression coefficients) (study 1) https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-current-density-and-temperature-on-the-3n8lncpdj4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-images-of-the-nickel-cermet-electrodes-exposed-to-2as7xqe2.png Figure 8. Images of the nickel cermet electrodes exposed to dry and wet CO for 1 hour at 550C and 50 mA cm -2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-graph-showing-the-increase-in-charge-transfer-mgoxo9b4.png Figure 7. Graph showing the increase in charge transfer resistance versus current density during exposure for hydrogen oxidation of the anodes after exposure to dry CO for an hour at 500 (■), 550 (●), and 600C (▲). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-graph-showing-the-electrochemical-performance-for-2izu3dz6.png Figure 9. Graph showing the electrochemical performance for hydrogen oxidation of the anodes before and after exposure to dry and wet CO for an hour at 50 mA cm -2 at 550C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-chrono-amperometric-data-a-and-eis-spectra-23b7nbq7.png Figure 5. Example chrono-amperometric data (a) and EIS spectra (b) taken during and after exposure to dry CO for 1 hour at 500C and 100 mA cm -2 . Spectra were taken every 10 minutes and took approximately 3 minutes to collect with indicative dotted lines shown; time zero was the initial exposure to CO and at 60 minutes the fuel gas is switched back to H2. Frequency used was from 100 mHz to 100 MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-table-comparing-the-fits-at-500-550-and-600c-to-the-2osz73ku.png Table 1. Table comparing the fits at 500, 550 and 600C to the Butler-Volmer equation 2 using Origin 6.1 non-linear curve fitting function for the results shown in Figure 4, showing extracted electrode parameters for hydrogen oxidation before and after https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-images-of-the-nickel-cermet-electrodes-after-17d7sglw.png Figure 3. Images of the nickel cermet electrodes after testing on carbon monoxide for 60 minutes at different temperatures and current https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graph-showing-the-anode-overpotentials-for-the-32xnirvc.png Figure 2. Graph showing the anode overpotentials for the cyclic voltammogram data (solid line) and 5 characterisation point data (X) incorrectly corrected using the single Rs measurement calculated from the EIS measurement at open circuit. The overpotentials for the 5 characterisation point data correctly corrected using the Rs measurements calculated from https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-graphs-showing-the-changes-in-series-and-f1g860nu.png Figure 6. Graphs showing the changes in series and polarisation resistances of the anodes at 500, https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-curing-temperature-and-time-on-the-acoustic-1biwqrevmf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-effect-of-curing-temperature-and-time-on-polyvinyl-snmoxuvp.png Fig. 4. The effect of curing temperature and time on polyvinyl chloride plastisol (PVCP) speed of sound at 20.0 ◦C over the frequency range from 2 MHz to 15 MHz. Error bars represent the expanded uncertainty (p=0.95) which equals to 3 m·s-1 for all the measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-optical-absorption-spectra-of-polyvinyl-chloride-j8cb7xie.png Fig. 3. The optical absorption spectra of polyvinyl chloride plastisol (PVCP) samples with pigment dispersions in comparison to the PVCP formulation with no additives. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-optical-attenuation-spectra-of-polyvinyl-chloride-28ci9y7u.png Fig. 2. The optical attenuation spectra of polyvinyl chloride plastisol (PVCP) samples made with different curing temperatures and times. The spectra are plotted as the natural log of the proportion of the energy transmitted T normalised by the sample thickness d over the wavelength range from 500 nm to 2200 nm. In the absence of optical scattering, such as can be seen in the samples with complete gelation-fusion, this will equal the optical absorption coefficient. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-colour-and-transparency-of-polyvinyl-chloride-bn692m4r.png Fig. 1. Colour and transparency of polyvinyl chloride plastisol (PVCP) assessed by placing the samples over a mesh pattern. (Colour in online version.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-effect-of-curing-temperature-and-time-on-polyvinyl-aogjgagd.png Fig. 5. The effect of curing temperature and time on polyvinyl chloride plastisol (PVCP) acoustic attenuation coefficient at 20.0 ◦C. Error bars represent the expanded uncertainty (p=0.95) over the frequency range from 2 MHz to 15 MHz. The power law fit was obtained using the mean of the data for fully cured samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-speed-of-sound-and-acoustic-attenuation-18yz3pkn.png Fig. 6. Comparison of speed of sound and acoustic attenuation of polyvinyl chloride plastisol (PVCP) with no additives, and samples with 0.1% and 1% black plastic colour (BPC) at 20.0 ◦C. Error bars represent the expanded uncertainty (p=0.95) over the frequency range from 2 MHz to 15 MHz. The power law fit was obtained using the mean of the data for fully cured samples. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-customer-empowerment-on-adherence-to-expert-1b6d3rsxba 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effects-of-customer-empowerment-on-unintentional-and-3oqgq1ba.png TABLE 1: EFFECTS OF CUSTOMER EMPOWERMENT ON UNINTENTIONAL AND REASONED NON-ADHERENCE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-unintentional-vs-reasoned-non-adherence-across-1byvfntk.png FIGURE 3: UNINTENTIONAL VS REASONED NON-ADHERENCE ACROSS COUNTRIES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-new-organization-of-customer-expert-decision-1oys8ri2.png FIGURE 1: A NEW ORGANIZATION OF CUSTOMER-EXPERT DECISION-MAKING MODELS https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-random-intercepts-mediation-model-33akyasm.png TABLE 3: RANDOM INTERCEPTS MEDIATION MODEL https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-control-variables-2yrxpvde.png TABLE 2: CONTROL VARIABLES https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-posterior-correlations-schwartzs-cultural-dimensions-16b9dy9b.png TABLE 4 – POSTERIOR  CORRELATIONS:  SCHWARTZ’S  CULTURAL  DIMENSIONS  AND  THE  RELATIONSHIP   BETWEEN CUSTOMER EMPOWERMENT AND NON-ADHERENCE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-conceptual-framework-18wf37pl.png FIGURE 2: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-deoxynivalenol-on-hepatic-cell-line-hepg2-tiqqulh4hs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evaluation-of-superoxide-dismutase-catalase-260b5qe8.png Figure 3. Evaluation of superoxide dismutase, catalase isocitrate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase specific activities in HepG2 cell line. The results are presented as means + S.D. of three independent experiments. (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, compared with control group) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evaluation-of-glutathione-reductase-glutathione-s-312gilc7.png Figure 4. Evaluation of glutathione reductase, glutathione – S – transferase and glutathione peroxidase specific activities in HepG2 cell line. The results are presented as means + S.D. of three independent experiments. (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, compared with control group) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-doxynivalenol-structure-31pdriej.png Figure 1. Doxynivalenol structure https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-data-aggregation-on-dispersion-estimates-in-1stcxpdvvu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameter-standard-deviations-based-on-100-2oof7e9b.png Table 3: Parameter standard deviations based on 100 simulation runs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dispersion-estimates-based-on-the-bootstrap-34a9oa4q.png Figure 4: Dispersion estimates based on the bootstrap simulation. The solid red line represents the random-effect model dispersion ?̂? = 1.141 and the dashed line indicates the quasi-Poisson dispersion ?̂? = 1.223 for the original data as reported in Tables 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-parameter-standard-errors-for-the-bootstrap-3vekoc3f.png Figure 5: Parameter standard errors for the bootstrap simulation (left: intercept; right: slope). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-the-number-of-observed-foci-for-155hqt4o.png Figure 1: Distribution of the number of observed foci, for three selected slides with dose levels 0.1, 0.5 and 1 Gy, respectively. As one reaches a higher level of dose, the number of foci tends to increase, yielding a reduced percentage of zero counts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dispersion-indexes-from-simulated-data-under-r1i0xvg3.png Table 4: Dispersion indexes from simulated data under scenarios (A), (B) and (C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-slide-wise-dispersions-left-and-foci-yields-right-33a1fr2y.png Figure 2: Slide-wise dispersions (left) and foci yields (right) recorded for various levels of dose. The three points highlighted as triangles indicate the specific slides which have been displayed in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-dispersion-indexes-from-simulated-data-under-2log8cuv.png Table 5: Dispersion indexes from simulated data under simulation scenarios as outlined in Section 4.3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-for-fixed-1-1-2-2-we-plot-the-non-linear-functions-20x6t8fs.png Figure 6: For fixed 𝜆1 = 1, 𝜆2 = 2, we plot the non-linear functions (4.2) and (4.9), using a string size of 𝜏 = 100. Note the substantially different scales in the vertical axes of the two plots. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-different-forms-of-synaptic-plasticity-on-4m0z3cxnle 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pattern-recognition-performance-of-the-two-models-for-65gxfmt9.png Fig. 4. Pattern recognition performance of the two models for a range of LTD values. The performance was evaluated by calculating s/n ratios for the ANN (A) and the PC model (B). The relative decreases in s/n ratio are compared in (C), showing that the PC model is more sensitive to LTD saturation than the ANN. Error bars indicate standard deviation (SD). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-cerebellar-circuitry-purkinje-p8j28gke.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the cerebellar circuitry. Purkinje cells (PCs) receive excitatory inputs (+) from ~150,000 parallel fibres (PFs) and a single climbing fibre (CF), and inhibitory inputs (-) from inhibitory interneurons (II), and in turn inhibit the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN). Also shown are: mossy fibres (MFs), granule cells (GCs) and the inferior olive (IO). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relationship-between-the-ltd-saturation-value-and-the-g9a62n6f.png Fig. 5. Relationship between the LTD saturation value and the mean responses to stored and novel patterns in the ANN and the PC model. Although the difference between the mean responses to stored and novel patterns decreases with increasing LTD saturation values in both cases, in the ANN the variance of responses to novel patterns also decreases. This results in s/n ratios in the ANN that are independent of the LTD saturation value. Same simulation parameters as in Fig. 4. Error bars indicate SD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-responses-of-a-model-purkinje-cell-to-novel-and-26gv60a9.png Fig. 2. Responses of a model Purkinje cell to novel and learned patterns of PF input. (A) Upper: The pause evoked by a novel pattern is longer than that for a learned pattern. Lower: Raster plot showing the responses to 75 learned and 75 novel patterns. (B) Response distribution for three different spike features. Upper: Latency of first spike after pattern presentation. Middle: Number of spikes in the first 25ms. Lower: Length of pause (from [4]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-pattern-recognition-performance-of-the-ann-a-and-pc-zopihlmg.png Fig. 6. Pattern recognition performance of the ANN (A) and PC model (B). The colour represents the resulting s/n ratio for each combination of a number of active PFs for each pattern (indicated on the x-axis) and an LTD saturation value (y-axis). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-depression-at-inhibitory-synapses-three-different-39qhveyz.png Fig. 7. Depression at inhibitory synapses. Three different inhibitory synaptic plasticity rules were applied for varying numbers of patterns. The first bar of each graph shows the s/n ratio when no inhibition is applied for both stored and novel patterns, resulting in the best pattern recognition performance. The others bars represent cases with inhibition present, with from left to right: plasticity for both stored and novel patterns, plasticity for stored patterns only and no plasticity for either type of patterns, using the original inhibitory conductances. Error bars indicate SD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simplified-schematic-of-the-ann-model-left-side-during-3i67l1kq.png Fig. 3. Simplified schematic of the ANN model. Left side: during learning, three example PF patterns are stored by changing the synaptic weights that are associated with active input lines from their initial value of 1 to an LTD saturation value of 0.5 (this value is varied between different simulations). Right side: during recall, the responses to a stored and a novel pattern are calculated as dot product of input vector and weight vector, resulting in values of 1 and 1.5, respectively (note the difference to the original diagram in [12]). https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-different-gases-on-the-ultrasonic-response-of-2kz03pbu75 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-adsorption-isotherms-for-ch4-and-co2-t-1-4-295-k-3q00ubgb.png Figure 4. (a) Adsorption isotherms for CH4 and CO2, T ¼ 295 K. (b) Total density of sample, calculated as described in text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-quasistatic-axial-compression-data-under-3257gok0.png Figure 6. (a) Quasistatic axial compression data, under saturation by each of the gases He, N2, CH4, and CO2, as determined by the average change in sample length as monitored by the three LVDTs. (b) Second-degree polynomial curves and explicit equations derived from least squares fitting to the data of (a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-estimates-of-ultrasonic-p-wave-modulus-and-b-p-300c4iry.png Figure 7. (a) Estimates of ultrasonic P-wave modulus and (b) P-wave impedance. Error in modulus and impedance are undetermined as they rely on an inferred density. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-first-peaks-of-the-waveforms-5-mpa-differential-1ekyg09u.png Figure 8. First peaks of the waveforms (5 MPa differential pressure) after a bodily shift by a time determined by crosscoloration with the no-gas reference waveform. Note that amplitudes have not been normalized. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proximate-and-ultimate-or-elemental-analysis-d-a-f-i-lbhkyikz.png Table 1. Proximate and ultimate or elemental analysis (d.a.f., i.e., dry ash free) of sample PD2-6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-apparatus-used-in-traveltime-37x5s5x7.png Figure 1. Schematic of apparatus used in traveltime measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-first-arrivals-of-the-transmitted-waveforms-at-3rkrvrlp.png Figure 2. First arrivals of the transmitted waveforms, at differential pressures 5–35 MPa, when saturated in turn with each gas. Also shown is the waveform recorded prior to the first gas injection (no-gas) and used as a baseline for the timing of the others. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-petrographic-analysis-of-sample-pd2-6-20lnyg74.png Table 2. Petrographic analysis of sample PD2-6. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-discretization-on-the-numerical-simulation-of-46ui7l8hrj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-bifu-3p52xnjv.png Fig. 7. (a); bifu https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-considered-cantilever-beam-nvk8j6gh.png Fig. 1. Considered cantilever beam. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-eigenfrequencies-of-the-fem-model-and-the-2dof-model-a457fpo9.png Fig. 4. Eigenfrequencies of the FEM model and the 2DOF model; m2 ¼ m2MAX ¼ 1:0 (a); m2 ¼ m2MAX ¼ 0:8 (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-bifurcation-diagrams-for-a2-a1-1-4-8-0-t-1-4-0-11-fem-xg6bco8z.png Fig. 9. Bifurcation diagrams for a2=a1 ¼ 8:0; t ¼ 0:11; FEM model: M ¼ 0:293;mb ¼ 0:707 (a); 2DOF model: m1 ¼ 0:452;m2 ¼ 0:548; l2 ¼ 0:315 (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-bifurcation-diagrams-for-a2-a1-1-4-7-0-and-d-1-4-1g1dwdio.png Fig. 14. Bifurcation diagrams for a2=a1 ¼ 7:0 and D ¼ lnð2Þ for all models; FEM model: M ¼ 0:171;mb ¼ 0:829; t ¼ 0:36 (a); 1DOF model: m ¼ 0:37; t ¼ 0:275 (b); 2DOF model: m1 ¼ 0:360;m2 ¼ 0:640; l2 ¼ 0:298; t ¼ 0:275 (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-m2-1-4-0-q98h4kh6.png Fig. 5. m2 ¼ 0 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-bifurcation-diagrams-for-a2-a1-1-4-8-0-t-1-4-0-33-fem-3hlg9d6g.png Fig. 8. Bifurcation diagrams for a2=a1 ¼ 8:0; t ¼ 0:33; FEM model: M ¼ 0:293;mb ¼ 0:707 (a); 1DOF model: m ¼ 0:461 (b); 2DOF model: m1 ¼ 0:452;m2 ¼ 0:548; l2 ¼ 0:315 (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-time-series-of-the-2dof-model-for-m1-1-4-0-452-m2-1-4-9v9dazo8.png Fig. 13. Time series of the 2DOF model for m1 ¼ 0:452;m2 ¼ 0:548; l2 ¼ 0:315;a2=a1 ¼ 8:0; t ¼ 0:0;g ¼ 5:86 (a); g ¼ 5:871 (b); g ¼ 5:874 (c); g ¼ 5:9 (d). https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-education-on-fertility-evidence-from-a-7notkxxrn2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-data-selection-39ic2ip2.png Table 3: Data selection https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-baseline-results-the-effect-of-education-on-the-age-1ym3waon.png Table 7: Baseline results: the effect of education on the age-specific probability of first birth https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-effect-of-education-on-fertility-soep-results-1i6dkblp.png Table A.1: Effect of education on fertility - SOEP results https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-baseline-results-the-effect-of-education-on-ttz69bhy.png Table 6: Baseline results: the effect of education on fertility https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-timing-of-births-by-age-and-reform-status-122dsztj.png Figure 4: Timing of births by age and reform status https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fertility-outcomes-by-birth-cohort-and-reform-3p507cn4.png Figure 3: Fertility outcomes by birth cohort and reform status https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-empirical-evidence-on-the-effect-of-education-on-c13gbchw.png Table 2: Empirical evidence on the effect of education on fertility https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-the-effect-of-education-on-the-age-specific-1i69i5q9.png Table 10: The effect of education on the age-specific probability of first birth - alternative selection of analyzed cohorts https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-elastic-therapeutic-taping-on-lumbar-extensor-udqixe0i3v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-standardized-taping-technique-1rlbhmzj.png Figure 1. Standardized taping technique https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-standardized-isokinetic-dynamometer-seating-2ee1iaqu.png Figure 2. Standardized isokinetic dynamometer seating position https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-the-participants-35dii8or.png Table 1: Demographics of the participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-of-the-experiment-28u7s29g.png Table 2: Data of the experiment https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-exergames-on-functional-strength-anaerobic-2qcjux1j4b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pictures-and-descriptions-of-the-lower-extremity-items-24iaoj85.png Fig. 1. Pictures and descriptions of the lower extremity items of the FSM and the sprint tests. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-post-hoc-comparison-between-means-sd-pre-and-post-3ifwgoxo.png Table 4 Post hoc comparison between means (SD) pre and post test on Strength, Sprint, Balance and Agility scores for DCD (n = 17) and TD (n = 18) group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-repeated-measure-outcomes-of-group-training-and-the-1n6ccrtz.png Table 3 Repeated measure outcomes of group, training and the interaction group by training on strength, agility and balance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistical-comparison-independent-t-test-between-31pcuikx.png Table 1 Statistical comparison (independent t-test) between groups at baseline on Strength, Sprint, Balance and Agility for DCD (n = 17) and TD (n = 18) groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effect-of-wii-training-on-strength-sprint-sqiicfq1.png Table 2 The effect of Wii Training on Strength, Sprint, Balance and Agility. Means and SD per group for pre and post values and effect sizes (Cohen D) of the change within group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-percentage-of-chosen-games-during-intervention-once-or-3p7c33dh.png Fig. 2. Percentage of chosen games during intervention once or twice. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-environment-on-milky-way-mass-galaxies-in-a-2h1ol4uoow 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-properties-of-the-lg-and-aquarius-galaxies-at-z-17qjkbxr.png Table 1 Main Properties of the LG and Aquarius Galaxies at z = 0: Virial Radius (R200) , Virial Mass (M200), and Masses in Stars, Gas, and Star-forming Gas (Mstar, Mgasand MSF), within the Virial Radius https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-column-density-of-gas-blue-overlaid-with-star-1vl6f64c.png Figure 1. Column density of gas (blue) overlaid with star-forming gas (orange–white) for the zoom region at z = 0. Red circles delimit the R200 for each galaxy of a similar stellar mass to the MW (G1–G6), and the labeled insets enlarge these regions. 1200 kpc is the radius of our environment measure, and the width of the image is 20 Mpc. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-environmental-overdensity-d1200-vs-redshift-for-the-3qjbfqnk.png Figure 2. Environmental overdensity d1200 vs. redshift for the galaxies in the LG and Aquarius samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-same-as-for-the-lower-right-panel-of-figure-3-but-2dfzevrs.png Figure 4. Same as for the lower right panel of Figure 3, but for redshifts z = 2, 1, 0.5 from top to bottom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-between-the-properties-of-the-galaxy-3t1b5kzr.png Figure 3. Comparison between the properties of the galaxy samples at z = 0. Left column from top to bottom shows the gas mass (Mgas), the star-forming gas mass (MSF), and the star formation rate (SFR), all as a function of stellar mass (Mstar). Right column shows the SFR and the specific star formation rate (SSFR) with d1200, respectively. Filled symbols indicate the galaxies that have stellar disk, diamonds are those in the rich sample, and gray-shaded regions, where present, indicate the significant linear regressions with s1 errors. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-emicizumab-prophylaxis-on-health-related-1f2p0lhmpy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-improvements-in-haem-a-qol-domain-and-total-scores-2zrwgv1k.png Table 2. Improvements in Haem‐A‐QoL domain and total scores with emicizumab prophylaxis were seen as early as week 5, maintained through week 25 and generally similar regardless of previous treat‐ ment regimen (Figure 2A and 3A). Among participants previously treated with episodic BPAs, the difference in adjusted mean scores between the emicizumab prophylaxis group (Arm A) and the no pro‐ phylaxis group (Arm B) at week 25 was statistically significant in fa‐ vour of emicizumab for both “Total” (Δ = 14.01; 95% CI: 5.56, 22.45; P = 0.0019) and “Physical Health” domain (Δ = 21.55; 95% CI: 7.89, 35.22; P = 0.0029) scores. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-enterprise-risk-management-implementation-on-y83u2cmizu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-contingency-theory-diagram-2e70yjw3.png Figure 1: Contingency theory diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-how-erm-value-is-measured-1qbr6x8d.png Figure 3: How ERM value is measured https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-control-variables-tbydy3iv.png Table 4: Control variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-variables-being-studied-8cndjbwo.png Table 3: Variables being studied https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-respondents-view-of-enterprise-risk-management-2x6b5fey.png Figure 2: Respondents view of Enterprise Risk Management Implementation https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-state-of-erm-implementation-3gzoiow5.png Table 7: State of ERM implementation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-independent-variables-1eblv2gn.png Table 1: Independent Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-regression-analysis-31h6eya3.png Table 13: Regression analysis https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-feeding-frequency-on-insulin-and-ghrelin-1g5kyaj9as 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-relationships-between-glucose-and-insulin-responses-2giwmpco.png Fig. 6. Relationships between glucose and insulin responses. The insert graph on each panel illustrates the trends in glucose (—, mmol/l) and insulin (- - -, mU/ml) concentrations in the corresponding trial. No glucose–insulin relationship existed during the fasting control trial (FAST; (A)) (P.0·05). During the low-frequency meal trial (LOFREQMEAL; (B)) there was a positive correlation between glucose and insulin responses, reaching significance when glucose and insulin were synchronized in time and when glucose led insulin by 10 min. Glucose and insulin responses were also correlated when synchronized in time during the high-frequency meal trial (HIFREQMEAL; (C)) (*P,0·05; **P,0·01). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-area-under-the-insulin-response-curves-auc-following-w7keqlgk.png Fig. 2. Area under the insulin response curves (AUC) following meal ingestion. The three trials depicted on the x-axis are described in brief in Fig. 1. Total insulin responses (AUC) for the 8 h period were greater in the high-frequency meal trial (HIFREQMEAL) and low-frequency meal trial (LOFREQMEAL) than in the fasting control trial (FAST) (*P,0·05) but not different from one another (P¼0·18). Data represent means with their standard errors of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-area-under-the-ghrelin-response-curves-following-meal-1yc5o5x7.png Fig. 4. Area under the ghrelin response curves following meal ingestion. The three trials depicted on the x-axis are described in brief in Fig. 3. Total ghrelin responses for the 8 h period were lower in the high-frequency meal trial (HIFREQMEAL) and the low-frequency meal trial (LOFREQMEAL) than the fasting control trial (FAST) (*P,0·05) but not different from one another (P.0·05). Data represent means with their standard errors of the mean. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-fire-risk-on-the-critical-harvesting-times-for-5dtcnnh163 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-value-of-the-options-and-payoffs-without-a-fire-risk-muoovyhl.png Table 2. Value of the Options and Payoffs without a Fire Risk and with a Fire Risk https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-value-of-the-options-for-various-stock-volumes-and-27zgltst.png Table 3. Value of the Options for Various Stock Volumes and Stand Ages (in dollars) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-monthly-average-carbon-price-between-december-2003-1dodawme.png Figure 1. Monthly Average Carbon Price Between December 2003 and December 2009 Based on Daily CFI (Carbon Financial Instrument) of CCX (Chicago Climate Exchange) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graphs-illustrating-the-earliest-critical-times-for-3i85b7hu.png Figure 2. Graphs Illustrating the Earliest Critical Times for Harvesting https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-graphs-illustrating-the-earliest-critical-times-for-3s5xzzvu.png Figure 4. Graphs Illustrating the Earliest Critical Times for Harvesting When the Long-Term Storage Is 100 Percent https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sensitivity-analysis-stand-volumes-and-ages-at-the-149ftb1s.png Table 1. Sensitivity Analysis: Stand Volumes and Ages at the Earliest Critical Harvesting Times https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stand-volume-first-row-and-ages-second-row-at-the-2mrx38gj.png Figure 3. Stand Volume (first row) and Ages (second row) at the Earliest Critical Harvesting Times for Various Fire Return Intervals: 25, 50, 75, and 100 Years https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-forest-age-and-habitat-structure-on-the-ground-2i4hh59g9x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-result-of-the-non-metric-multidimensional-21azrft1.png Figure 1 The result of the non-metric multidimensional scaling model. The symbols indicate the age of the forests. Open circles, young plantations; grey circles, middle-aged plantations; black circles, mature plantations. The significant parameters of the redundancy analysis models are fitted passively onto the diagram. The crosses represent the age classes of the plantations. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-gender-on-awards-in-employment-arbitration-2rimende3r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1oi0pszh.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-fuel-age-on-the-spread-of-fire-in-sclerophyll-2zqetxs16o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variables-used-in-the-analysis-13k81c10.png Table 1. Variables used in the analysis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fitted-equations-for-the-final-model-on-the-trailing-hgvugmpg.png Fig. 5. Fitted equations for the final model on the trailing edge including weather variables against fuel age: comparing fire type (unplanned, UP; or prescribed, PR) and fire area, where the area is either the lower quartile (small, 6 ha) or the upper quartile of fire sizes (156 ha). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fitted-equations-for-the-final-model-on-the-leading-16wznyge.png Fig. 4. Fitted equations for the final model on the leading edge including weather variables against fuel age: comparing patches with and without roads on their leading edge (a); comparing fire type (unplanned, UP; or prescribed, PR) and fire area (b), where the area is either the median for all fires (22 ha) or in the upper 2% of areas (3000 ha). In each graph, terms not illustrated are held at their median values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-final-models-showing-the-coefficients-and-goodness-1t50wyj9.png Table 3. Final models, showing the coefficients and goodness of fit measures for the best combined model for each of the four analyses https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-high-speed-dental-handpiece-coolant-delivery-pruoqf3bg4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-17fsimtz.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-hmb-supplementation-on-body-composition-30hu5ehfek 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-anthropometrics-of-study-participants-avjbq2ji.png Table 1 Baseline anthropometrics of study participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-effect-of-hmb-supplementation-on-aerobic-and-3gxored8.png Table 5 The effect of HMB supplementation on aerobic and anaerobic capacity https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-hydrogen-peroxide-on-reducing-the-colonization-2nmjtcx3om 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-values-of-temperature-c-ph-ph-units-conductivity-us-3j2b0rb7.png Table 3. Values of temperature (◦C), pH (pH units), conductivity (µS/cm) and hydrogen peroxide (HP) concentration (mg/L) at point of use from July 2013 to June 2016. Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Emergency Department (ED), Oncology (ONCO), Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBST-GYN), Recirculation point (RIC); not applied (n.a). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistical-comparison-between-legionella-loads-co67bokr.png Table 1. Statistical comparison between Legionella loads detected in every date of sampling. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-iron-ions-ug-l-fe-and-nephelometric-turbidity-unit-lqzqkdia.png Table 2. Iron ions (µg/L Fe) and nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU) values detected in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Oncology (ONCO) during the period of the study, from July 2013 to June 2016. Not applied (n.a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-legionella-pneumophila-sg1-lp1-legionella-1ql517ss.png Figure 1. Legionella pneumophila sg1 (Lp1), Legionella pneumophila sg2-15 (Lp2-15), Legionella spp. (L spp.) loads (cfu/L) detected in the four different sampling sites in the hospital. Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Emergency Department (ED), Oncology (ONCO), Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBST-GYN), Recirculation point (RIC) during the period of hydrogen peroxide (HP) disinfection (from July 2013 to June 2016). https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-income-on-democracy-revisited-a-flexible-11ygu8qmcj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-polity-iv-and-penn-world-table-gdp-per-capita-1x53rvwz.png Table 3: Polity IV and Penn World Table GDP per capita https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-freedom-house-and-penn-world-table-gdp-per-capita-1l727tv5.png Table 2: Freedom House and Penn World Table GDP per capita https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diagnostic-plots-for-ten-year-intervals-overall-2intkd9e.png Figure 3: Diagnostic plots for ten year intervals: overall sample (top panel) and OECD (bottom panel) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-of-standardized-democracy-indices-1adahzi6.png Table 1: Summary statistics of standardized democracy indices between 1960-2000, 211 countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-3gz08dz0.png Figure 22. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-democracy-path-of-countries-in-transition-towards-sdfvjm2o.png Figure 5: Democracy path of countries in transition towards democracy https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-freedom-house-and-penn-world-table-gdp-per-capita-37lwexkv.png Table 4: Freedom House and Penn World Table GDP per capita for sub samples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-histogram-and-density-plot-of-democracy-between-1otejbdz.png Figure 1: Histogram and density plot of democracy between 1960-2000, 211 countries https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-incarceration-on-re-offending-evidence-from-a-26dqoz9i9b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-kernel-density-smoother-of-offense-gravity-score-of-23fb78py.png Figure 4. Kernel Density Smoother of Offense Gravity Score of Most Severe Charge in Case https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cumberland-county-incarceration-and-average-3a8hk273.png Figure 7. Cumberland County – Incarceration and Average Rearrest Rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-convictions-by-county-and-16wmjk84.png Table 1. Descriptive Statistics for Convictions, by County and Judge – Centre County https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-mercer-county-incarceration-and-average-rearrest-1cokk3or.png Figure 10. Mercer County – Incarceration and Average Rearrest Rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-for-convictions-by-county-and-15cthby9.png Table 3. Descriptive Statistics for Convictions, by County and Judge – Cumberland County https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-pennsylvania-with-selected-counties-1tkekd4d.png Figure 1. Map of Pennsylvania with Selected Counties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-centre-county-incarceration-and-average-rearrest-25n9mo75.png Figure 5. Centre County – Incarceration and Average Rearrest Rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-pennsylvania-by-county-29ozpato.png Figure 1. Map of Pennsylvania with Selected Counties https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-increased-employer-contacts-within-a-labour-26ppm3rd3r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-estimated-propensity-for-employment-conditional-yl95anmz.png Figure 3: The estimated propensity for employment conditional on the propensity score p(Swit = 1jx). A cubic B - spline smoother is employed. The smoothing parameters are estimated using cross validation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-propensity-for-nding-employment-for-those-in-3qxv5qu4.png Figure 6: The propensity for …nding employment for those in the AMVc program as function of the propensity score p(x): Practical experience (n = 43) and no practical experience (n = 54): Estimation performed using a cubic B - spline. The smoothing parameters are estimated using cross validation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-description-of-the-data-set-used-in-the-comparison-2hvzubuh.png Table 3: Description of the data set used in the comparison of the two programs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-prediction-with-the-semiparametric-gam-and-the-logit-ob0e83c1.png Table 5: Prediction with the semiparametric GAM and the logit model. Individuals predicted with values larger than and equal to 0.5 are classi…ed as Swit participants and individuals with a prediction of less than 0.5 are classi…ed as AMVc-participants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-estimated-distribution-of-the-propensity-to-u641vn69.png Figure 2: The estimated distribution of the propensity to enter the Switprogram. The estimation is performed using a Gaussian kernel with cross validated bandwidths (0.11 and 0.097 for the Swit and AMVc programs, respectively). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-di-erence-between-the-propensities-for-nding-3lzwtzzh.png Figure 4: The di¤erence between the propensities for …nding employments for the two programs and the (re-scaled) and truncated empirical distribution. The di¤erence is calculated at 160 points in the 0 < P(x) < 0:8 interval. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameter-estimates-of-the-propensity-score-using-1yg8cpbs.png Table 4: Parameter estimates of the propensity score, using the GAM. As a reference, the parameter estimates from a standard logit (LOGIT) model are supplemented. The e¤ect of the continuous variables in the GAM is estimated with a loess function with bandwidth of 2/3. A factor (in 25 levels) for regional di¤erences is also included in the model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-proportion-employed-with-a-95-con-dence-interval-17deqdyr.png Figure 5: Proportion employed (with a 95% con…dence interval) for individuals …nishing a Swit or AMVc program. (A) practical experience (nAMV c = 383 and nSwit = 530) and (B) no practical experience (nAMV c = 352 and nSwit = 231). The numbers within parenthesis are the size of the sub-samples. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-language-on-economic-behavior-evidence-from-1j6pf3monx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-health-behaviors-and-measures-of-health-share-i7ozl9k9.png Table 8: Health Behaviors and Measures of Health (SHARE) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-health-behaviors-in-developing-countries-dhs-3pef1uly.png Table 9: Health Behaviors in Developing Countries (DHS) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-an-individual-saved-this-year-wvs-cross-country-zr6py0fq.png Table 1: An Individual Saved This Year (WVS, Cross-Country Analysis) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-additional-within-country-control-regressions-in-the-1kgbdcrz.png Table 5: Additional Within-Country Control Regressions in the WVS https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-gross-domestic-savings-rates-in-the-oecd-by-decade-16pdwy05.png Table 11: Gross Domestic Savings Rates in the OECD by Decade https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-gross-domestic-savings-rates-in-the-oecd-3ci38py0.png Table 10: Gross Domestic Savings Rates in the OECD https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-wvs-countries-with-large-within-country-ftr-2uexzpdk.png Table 4: WVS Countries with Large Within-Country FTR Differences https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-household-retirement-assets-share-uj9m2aoj.png Table 6: Household Retirement Assets (SHARE) https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-internal-rotation-in-p-methyl-anisole-studied-3enobooryf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-potential-energy-curve-obtained-by-rotating-the-31zp402e.png Fig. 3. The potential energy curve obtained by rotating the methoxy methyl group about the C12-O11 bond. The dihedral angle = (H13,C12,O11,C5) was varied in a grid of 10°, while all other molecular parameters were optimized at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level. Relative energies with respect to the lowest energy conformations with the absolute energies E = −385.0433319 Hartree are used. The barrier of the V3 potential is 1034.5 cm−1 (12.38 kJmol−1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-broadband-scan-of-p-methyl-anisole-from-10-to-14-ghz-2mk6q66m.png Fig. 6. A broadband scan of p-methyl anisole from 10 to 14 GHz. The experimental spectrum is the upper trace. The lower trace indicates the theoretical spectrum (A species in red and E species in blue) predicted using the molecular parameters deduced from a one-top fit using the program XIAM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-molecular-parameters-of-p-methyl-anisole-in-the-2p9or38f.png Table 1. Molecular parameters of p-methyl anisole in the principal axis system obtained by the programs XIAM and BELGI-Cs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-potential-energy-curve-obtained-by-rotating-the-bh6klbn4.png Fig. 4. The potential energy curve obtained by rotating the ring methyl group about the C2-C16 bond. The dihedral angle = (C1,C2,C16,H19) was varied in a grid of 10° at starting values of 1.2° and 180.6° for α and β, respectively (values obtained from the geometry given in Fig. 1), while all other molecular parameters including α and β were optimized at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) and B3LYP/6311++G(d,p) levels. Relative energies with respect to the lowest energy conformations with the absolute energies E = −385.0433328 and −386.1944856 Hartree, respectively, are used. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-view-along-the-c2-c16-axis-showing-three-conformations-2figd35z.png Fig. 5. View along the C2-C16 axis, showing three conformations of p-methyl anisole with different positions of the ring methyl group. Conformation I corresponds to the local maxima γmax between the regions of γ = 0° 120° as well as 120° 240° and 240° 360° in Fig. 4 calculated at the MP2/6311++G(d,p) level, which are the global minima calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level. Conformation II and II* correspond to the local minima at γmin γmax ± 21° in Fig. 4 calculated at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level, which do not occur in calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-spectroscopic-constants-of-p-methyl-anisole-in-the-2v4yevq0.png Table 2. Spectroscopic constants of p-methyl anisole in the rho axis system obtained with the program BELGI-Cs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rotational-constants-in-ghz-and-barrier-of-the-v3-1yohs34n.png Table 3. Rotational constants (in GHz) and barrier of the V3 potential of the ring methyl group (in cm−1) of p-methyl anisole calculated using the MP2 and B3LYP methods in combination with different basis sets and their deviations to the experimental values (obs. calc.) in MHz and cm−1, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-molecular-structure-of-the-only-conformer-of-p-methyl-2fny0w9c.png Fig. 1. Molecular structure of the only conformer of p-methyl anisole optimized at the MP2/6311++G(d,p) level of theory. The proton H14 is located behind H15. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-lean-methods-and-tools-on-the-environmental-18ce5sdcyt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-essential-lean-manufacturing-methods-and-tools-1aao10tm.png Table 2. Essential lean manufacturing methods and tools (adapted from Belekoukias et al., 2014 and Rocha-Lona et al. 2013) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-questionnaire-overview-and-structure-question-8i4se3p2.png Table 1. Questionnaire overview and structure Question Reasons for Inclusions https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-lineup-member-similarity-on-recognition-4ehajh3wxb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-lineup-stimuli-for-a-study-face-row-1-oeczjco6.png Figure 1. Example of lineup stimuli for a study face (row 1, center) in the matched condition for each feature level, which is indicated at the top of the lineup. The look-a-like that took the place of the study face is located to the right of each lineup. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-leg-muscle-activation-state-and-localized-34wn025d9r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-the-means-standard-deviation-of-the-2strg401.png Table 2 Comparison of the Means (± Standard Deviation) of the Tibial Response Parameters in This Study With Previous Work https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-size-n-and-number-of-subjects-capable-of-39olxcck.png Table 1 Sample Size (N) and Number of Subjects Capable of Reaching Activation States During Session 1 (TA) and Session 2 (LG) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-electromyography-interaction-between-muscle-and-5t1x3dw5.png Figure 2 — Electromyography interaction between muscle and activation state. Mean (± standard deviations)% activation levels for all activation states were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) from one another, except for the B, F, and 15% states during Session 1 and the B and F states during Session 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-acceleration-time-graph-with-three-dependent-1bpybm3o.png Figure 1 — Acceleration-time graph with three dependent variables depicted: peak tibial acceleration (PA), time to peak tibial acceleration (TPA), and acceleration slope (AS) between 30% and 70% of the rise in acceleration. (Modified from Flynn et al., 2004.). The acceleration curve has been enlarged to clearly illustrate the dependent variables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-standard-deviations-tibial-response-parameters-2n8axbdr.png Figure 3 — Mean (± standard deviations) tibial response parameters. The following pairs or groups of activation states were found to be significantly different from one another (p ≤ 0.05); please use the notation (e.g., F-B, or F-B/15/30) for each graph: (a) Mean peak tibial acceleration interaction between muscle and activation state. TA: FB/15/30/45/60. (b) Acceleration slope interaction between gender, muscle, and activation state. Female TA: B-30/45, F15/30/45/60. Female LG: B15/30/45/60/F, F-30/60. Male LG: 60-B/F. (c) Time to peak tibial acceleration interaction between gender, muscle, and activation state. Female TA: F-30/45. Female LG: B15/30/45/60, F-15/30/45/60. Male LG: B-15/30/60, 45-60, F-15/30/60. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-local-inter-inhibitory-connectivity-on-the-59hcta57ep 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-global-system-behaviour-and-clustering-measure-for-1t5gfuuv.png Table 2. Global system behaviour and clustering measure for mixed 1D simulations with various spatial arrangements. Default values were used on initially disconnected networks. S = stabilisation; SO = stable oscillatory; UO = unstable oscillatory; TO = transient oscillations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-network-structure-and-degree-distribution-of-the-1jse1cui.png Figure 7: Network structure and degree distribution of the simulation shown in Figs. 1a and 1b, at three time points during the periodic oscillations – see coloured markers in the first two panels, top-left quadrant. The spatial arrangement of neurons is ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ • • ◦ ◦ • ◦ • ◦ with the network initially disconnected. Bottom-left plots show the network structure and associated degree distribution at the low-point of an oscillation, top-right plots show the network structure and associated degree distribution at the mid-point of an oscillation and bottom-right plots show the network structure and associated degree distribution at the high-point of an oscillation. In the network structure plots, solid blue lines denote excitatory neurons and dashed red lines denote inhibitory neurons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-network-structure-and-degree-distribution-of-the-1ubbfbio.png Figure 8: Network structure and degree distribution of the simulation shown in Figs. 1c and 1d, at three time points during the unstable oscillations – see coloured markers in the first two panels, top-left quadrant. The spatial arrangement of neurons is ◦ ◦ • ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ • • • ◦ ◦ with the network initially disconnected. Top-right plots show the network structure and associated degree distribution during the burst-like behaviour. The bottom-left plots depict the network structure and associated degree distribution after the burst-like behaviour and the bottom-right plots show the network structure and associated degree distribution at the peak of connectivity. In the network structure plots, solid blue lines denote excitatory neurons and dashed red lines denote inhibitory neurons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-global-system-behaviour-of-mixed-1d-lattice-1q360cdl.png Figure 1: Global system behaviour of mixed 1D lattice networks with various spatial arrangements of neurons. In all cases L = 13, N = 9, M = 4 and default parameters listed in Table 1 are used. The networks are initially wholly disconnected and neurons are at rest. Figures on the left-hand side depict the dynamics of the individual neuritic radii values; figures on the right-hand side depict the dynamics of the individual membrane potential values. Neuron arrangements are as follows: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ • • ◦ ◦ • ◦ • ◦ (a,b), ◦ ◦ • ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ • • • ◦ ◦ (c,d), ◦ ◦ • ◦ • ◦ ◦ • ◦ ◦ ◦ • ◦ (e,f). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1d-system-behaviours-for-growth-simulations-set-ups-2yg2xntk.png Figure 4: 1D system behaviours for growth simulations set-ups with various proportions of inhibitory neurons and levels of inhibitory clustering. Green boxes denote stabilisation of network structure and electrical activity. Purple boxes denote large unstable oscillations in network structure and unstable burst-like oscillations in electrical activity. Blue boxes denote stable oscillatory behaviour of neuritic radii and membrane potentials. Pink boxes denote unbounded growth examples, where the system was unable to reach the desired level of electrical activity for all neurons, with all neuritic fields growing indefinitely. White areas did not have any suitable configurations to run. In panel (a), the networks were initially disconnected. In panel (b), the networks started as regular ring networks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-network-motif-counts-at-various-points-of-the-swzbwlnp.png Table 3. Network motif counts at various points of the simulations shown in Figures 6-8. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-default-values-for-all-model-parameters-used-in-37iobzii.png Table 1. Default values for all model parameters used in simulations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1d-system-behaviours-all-tile-arrangements-are-33y2fsbw.png Figure 5: 1D system behaviours. All tile arrangements are contiguous. Tiles are repeated in an adjacent manner to maintain a 1D system. Green circles denote networks experiencing complete stabilisation. Blue circles denote periodic (stable) oscillatory behaviour. Purple circles denote unstable oscillatory behaviour. Pink circles denote simulations where all neuritic fields grow unbounded because the desired level of electrical activity cannot be reached. In panel (a), the networks were initially disconnected. In panel (b), the networks started with sparse connectivity, with neuritic radii values randomly generated in the interval (0, 0.6) (identical seed of value 10 for all networks). All other parameters were as listed in Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-manganese-additions-on-the-reactive-2n52nnk3fu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-maximum-evaporation-rates-of-cr-from-cr2o3-2yhnz9du.png Table 1. The maximum evaporation rates of Cr from Cr2O3, NiCr2O4, and MnCr2O4 for a varitey of temperatures, PO2, and PH2O values. Also shown are the reduction factors (ratios) for NiCr2O4, and MnCr2O4 compared with Cr2O3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-composition-of-experimental-alloys-wt-1ghk5ei9.png Table 2. Composition of experimental alloys, wt%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-maximum-evaporation-rate-of-cr-over-pure-cr2o3-and-2sxfkjhu.png Fig. 2. The maximum evaporation rate of Cr over pure Cr2O3 and pure MnCr2O4 in air plus 3% H2O. The data points represent the use of ∆Gf data of Eqs. 10-13 (8-11). The dotted line represents the use of estimated ∆Gf data as a function of temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-partial-pressures-of-cro3-cro2-oh-2-and-cro2-oh-147jdzou.png Fig. 1. The partial pressures of CrO3, CrO2(OH)2, and CrO2(OH) over pure Cr2O3 air plus 3% H2O. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mass-change-with-time-for-the-five-crucibles-plus-the-3vy3lva8.png Fig. 4. Mass change with time for the five crucibles plus the Ni-25Cr-Y-Mn alloys oxidized in air + 5% H2O at 950°C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mass-change-with-time-for-the-five-ni-25cr-y-mn-alloys-3l9mw9fl.png Fig. 3. Mass change with time for the five Ni-25Cr-Y-Mn alloys oxidized in air + 5% H2O at 950°C. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-match-fatigue-in-elite-badminton-players-using-407lrgqfa2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-peak-pressure-in-kilopascals-kpa-for-lead-foot-3htezuny.png Table 1 Peak pressure in kilopascals (Kpa) for lead foot https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-non-dominant-and-dominant-lunge-to-the-net-movement-3dqfz6lw.png Figure 1. Non-dominant and dominant lunge to the net movement https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-pressure-in-kilopascals-kpa-for-foot-trail-foot-21hgytzc.png Table 4 Mean pressure in kilopascals (Kpa) for foot trail foot https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-peak-pressure-in-kilopascals-kpa-for-trail-foot-31d1o8ib.png Table 3 Peak pressure in kilopascals (Kpa) for trail foot https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pressure-zone-distribution-and-sensor-configuration-2vq9r2v9.png Figure 3. Pressure zone distribution and sensor configuration https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-pressure-in-kilopascals-kpa-for-lead-foot-2yrgjgvc.png Table 2 Mean pressure in kilopascals (Kpa) for lead foot https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-net-and-shuttlecock-position-during-test-13xkewkv.png Figure 2. Net and shuttlecock position during test https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-match-quality-and-specific-experience-on-bb4f2kxn3t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-for-high-school-graduates-3sx6be97.png Table 1: Summary Statistics for high school Graduates https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-for-college-graduates-2evm93kv.png Table 2: Summary Statistics for College Graduates https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-employer-change-rate-by-years-of-general-experience-1kbtjafn.png Table 11: Employer Change Rate by Years of General Experience https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-the-fraction-of-within-career-employer-change-by-300skcui.png Table 12: The Fraction of Within-Career Employer Change by Years of General Experience https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-wage-growth-decomposition-by-years-of-general-mefxunnj.png Table 10: Wage Growth Decomposition by Years of General Experience. https://scispace.com/figures/table-20-type-weight-23l569em.png Table 20: Type Weight https://scispace.com/figures/table-19-cost-function-tt1wtjmb.png Table 19: Cost Function https://scispace.com/figures/table-18-utility-function-2i2b8bzn.png Table 18: Utility Function https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-metapopulation-dynamics-on-the-survival-and-37nhymzap0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3m1yubwz.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stable-coexistence-of-competing-prey-morphs-gqvls6r1.png Figure 1 – Stable coexistence of competing prey morphs demonstrated over 2000 prey generations (generations=2000,, T=100, ca=0.02, cc=0.01, c =0.04, a =0.17, predgen=1, miggen=2, mutationrate=10-5 ,DCnum=random (Table2), Nmig=10). The solid line represents the number of aposematic prey and the dotted line represents the number of cryptic prey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-metapopulation-model-with-4-grouped-source-habitats-1ui2nw66.png Figure 3–Metapopulation model with 4 grouped source habitats at aposematic fixation – (generations=2000, T=100, ca=0.02, cc=0.01, c =0.04, a =0.55, predgen=5, miggen=1, mutationrate=10-5, Nmig=10, DCnum=random (Table2)). The solid line represents the number of aposematic prey and the dotted line represents the number of cryptic prey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-metapopulation-model-plot-showing-the-temporal-2l4422z3.png Figure 2 –Metapopulation model plot showing the temporal spread of aposematism from a single zone within the metapopulation (generations=2000, T=100, ca=0.02, cc=0.01, c =0.04, a =0.18, predgen=1, miggen=2, mutationrate=10-5, DCnum=random (Table2), Nmig=10). https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-metastereotyping-on-judgements-of-higher-3dp5wvu56q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-conditional-indirect-effects-of-metastereotype-3cw77fyl.png Table 2. The conditional indirect effects of metastereotype valence on outgroup evaluation (and outgroup attitude) when anger is the mediator while identification is the moderator https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-methylphenidate-on-three-forms-of-response-14hkllquqe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-group-means-and-standard-deviations-for-inhibition-3gvnbisg.png Table III. Group Means and Standard Deviations for Inhibition Measures in the Four Treatment Conditions (Placebo, 5 mg, 10 mg, or 20 mg Methylphenidate) https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-microscopic-texture-on-the-direct-plasma-3krehz3ske 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-simulation-parameters-1da2vj3b.png TABLE I. The simulation parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-accumulated-electric-charge-on-the-si-cones-27pxlqii.png FIG. 3. The accumulated electric charge on the Si cones. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-schematic-diagram-of-the-array-of-si-microcones-3kfjk4s7.png FIG. 2. The schematic diagram of the array of Si microcones used in the simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-images-of-a-wet-and-b-dry-textured-si-surfaces-61ied9jo.png FIG. 1. SEM images of (a) wet- and (b) dry-textured Si surfaces produced in our laboratory at Plasma Sources and Application Center, Singapore. More details about the fabrication process of the textured Si surfaces can be found elsewhere.34–42 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-ion-number-density-of-different-segments-along-the-1pmzmmmo.png FIG. 8. The ion number density of different segments along the lateral surface of the Si cones. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-3d-image-of-the-ion-coverage-over-the-simulated-9b4xyvju.png FIG. 6. A 3D image of the ion coverage over the simulated micro-textured surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-3d-image-of-the-ion-coverage-over-the-flat-si-blxlwbrl.png FIG. 7. A 3D image of the ion coverage over the flat Si surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-displacement-and-velocity-of-a-typical-ion-for-both-l224jbh8.png FIG. 4. Displacement and velocity of a typical ion for both the textured surface at the bias of 25 (a) and (b), 75 V (c) and (d), and the flat surface at the bias of 75 V (e) and (f). https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-mindfulness-training-on-attention-and-3tixkgw6ps 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-attention-efficiency-scores-for-the-six-221a1628.png Figure 2 - Mean attention efficiency scores for the six participants (P1-P6). Efficiency calculated as 531 attention score divided by self-reported mental effort. 532 533 534 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-changes-in-mindfulness-as-measured-by-mean-scores-1gwj7g9x.png Figure 1 - Changes in mindfulness, as measured by mean scores from The Cognitive and Affective 525 Mindfulness Scale – Revised (CAMS-R) across the phases of the study for the six participants (P1-P6). 526 527 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-moderate-versus-high-intensity-resistance-3591wz49zo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-intervention-effects-on-physical-function-2ncxf9va.png Table 2. Intervention Effects on Physical Function. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-12nth86y.png Table 1. Baseline Characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flowchart-of-participation-follow-up-included-all-m6zyff63.png Figure 2. Flowchart of participation. Follow-up included all measures from the baseline test for the two experimental groups but only physical function for the CG, as 8-OHdG and antioxidant measures were expected to exhibit little change in this group over the study period. CG ¼ control group; RTP ¼ resistance training program; HIGH ¼ high-intensity group; MOD ¼ moderate-intensity group; 8-OHdG ¼ 8-oxo-7,8dihydro-20-deoxyguanosine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-design-measurement-of-redox-state-in-2pgt246u.png Figure 1. Experimental design. Measurement of redox state in the control group was completed at baseline only. HIGH ¼ high-intensity group; MOD ¼ moderate-intensity group; REP ¼ repetitions; RPE ¼ rate of perceived exertion (6–7 ¼ somewhat hard, 8–9 ¼ hard); EXER ¼ exercise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-markers-of-dna-damage-and-redox-state-in-the-high-3ogl6vjw.png Figure 3. Markers of DNA damage and redox state in the high-intensity (HIGH), moderate-intensity (MOD), and control (CG) groups at baseline and after the training period. (a) Urinary 8-OHdG, (b) reduced glutathione, (c) oxidized glutathione, and (d) ratio GSSG/GSH. Data are expressed as mean + standard deviation. *Significant difference from pre- to posttests (p ≤ .05); §significant difference from CG (p ≤ .05). https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-nitric-acid-surface-treatment-on-cap-4e55vto687 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-semmicrographs-of-untreated-p2-foam-flat-surface-i9lz6hls.png Fig. 8. SEMmicrographs of untreated P2 foam flat surface, surface of a particle interior of a cell and magnified view of foam flat surface: (a) (b) and (c) after 5 days of SBF immersion, (d),(e) and (f) after 7 days of SBF immersion and (g), (h) and (i) after 14 days of SBF immersion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sem-pictures-of-p1-foam-cellular-structure-interior-of-1wdbairv.png Fig. 3. SEM pictures of P1 foam cellular structure, interior of a cell and foam flat surface before SBF immersion: (a), (c) and (e) untreated foam and (b), (d) and (f) NAT foam. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-at-ftir-spectra-of-untreated-p2-foam-after-7-and-14-2wruza3d.png Fig. 12. AT-FTIR spectra of untreated P2 foam after 7 and 14 days of SBF immersion foam. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-at-ftir-spectra-of-nat-foam-after-1-3-5-7-and-14-days-25ezk8lb.png Fig. 13. AT-FTIR spectra of NAT foam after 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days of SBF immersion: (a) P1 and (b) P2 foams. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-gixrd-spectra-of-nat-p1-and-p2-foams-after-1-3-5-7-and-2ko7xab5.png Fig. 9. GIXRD spectra of NAT P1 and P2 foams after 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days of SBF immersion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sem-pictures-of-p2-foam-cellular-structure-interior-of-159vwref.png Fig. 4. SEM pictures of P2 foam cellular structure, interior of a cell and foam flat surface before SBF immersion: (a), (c) and (e) untreated foam and (b), (d) and (f) NAT foam. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-afm-surface-roughness-and-specific-area-3rfai1o5.png Table 1 The AFM surface roughness and specific area difference of untreated and surface treated P1 and P2 foam specimens before SBF immersion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-afm-surface-topology-of-a-untreated-p1-b-untreated-p2-kni3w90j.png Fig. 5. AFM surface topology of (a) untreated P1, (b) untreated P2, (c) NAT P1 and (d) NAT P2 foam flat surface before SBF immersion. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-n-acetylcysteine-and-working-memory-training-2z1f5t1lpt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-for-treatment-effects-on-craving-cue-rv3ud3s7.png Table 1 Results for treatment effects on craving, cue reactivity, n-back performance, and WM-associated brain activity. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-natal-experience-on-habitat-preferences-2oyev8in8d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experiments-demonstrating-natal-habitat-preference-2gagp1f5.png Table 1. Experiments demonstrating natal habitat preference inductiona https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs-on-risk-qs6gvc7w4l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-risk-of-bph-by-use-of-aspirin-and-coxibs-study-24gn8wkc.png Table 3. Risk of BPH by use of aspirin and coxibs. Study cohort of 74,754 men without benign prostatic hyperplasia at baseline from the Finnish Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-population-characteristics-study-cohort-of-74754-men-14ty66hl.png Table 1. Population characteristics. Study cohort of 74,754 men without benign prostatic hyperplasia at baseline from the Finnish Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-risk-of-bph-by-nsaid-usage-in-lag-time-analysis-28gl2t38.png Table 4. Risk of BPH by NSAID usage in lag-time analysis. Study cohort of 74,754 men without benign prostatic hyperplasia at baseline from the Finnish Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-risk-of-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-by-nsaid-usage-30g5nehd.png Table 2. Risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia by NSAID usage. Study cohort of 74,754 men without benign prostatic hyperplasia at baseline from the Finnish Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-norm-based-messages-on-reading-and-4uk7ymnxvk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fliers-shown-in-each-treatment-translated-from-the-2lcn4lqt.png Figure 1. Fliers shown in each treatment. Translated from the Italian, in the Baseline, participants are invited to reflect on the current emergency situation. In the Personal Norm treatment, participants are invited to reflect on which behaviors they think are right in the current emergency situation. In the Descriptive Norm treatment, participants are invited to reflect on which behaviors they think are widespread among other people in the current emergency situation. In the Injunctive Norm treatment, participants are invited to reflect on which behaviors they think other people believe to be right in the current actual emergency situation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-the-average-time-spent-in-log-scale-20k2wr1c.png Figure 4. Distribution of the average time spent (in log scale) on each informative panel (left chart). Percentage of correct answers among participants classified as “readers” of all the five panels (right charts). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-time-spent-on-the-informative-panels-by-gepnqm90.png Figure 3. Average time spent on the informative panels by treatments. Errors bars represent 95% CI. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-correct-answers-distributions-split-2f1285nk.png Figure 2. Percentage of correct answers distributions, split by treatments (left chart). Average values of the “percentage of correct answers” variable by treatment (right chart). Error bars represent 95% CI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-of-the-sample-pcvvg4e3.png Table 1. Demographic characteristics of the sample. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-noncontributory-pensions-on-saving-in-mexico-4uz7z44gyx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-12-15-financial-savings-by-various-household-279rlnm0.png Figures 12-15. Financial Savings by Various Household Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-impact-of-non-contributory-pension-programs-on-2ksatnuu.png Table 8. The Impact of Non-contributory Pension Programs on Different Components of Household Savings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-of-the-mexican-population-age-65-and-ujfujxty.png Figure 1. Percentage of the Mexican Population Age 65 and Older by Gender, 2010-2050 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-the-impact-of-non-contributory-pension-programs-on-1p6xuo6t.png Table 9. The Impact of Non-contributory Pension Programs on the Share of Working-age Household Members at Work https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-imss-contributors-working-age-individuals-and-3oyvydug.png Table 2. IMSS Contributors, Working-Age Individuals and Salaried Workers, Mexico 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentage-of-transfers-from-70-y-mas-by-income-191llj4p.png Table 3. Percentage of Transfers from 70 y Más by Income Decile, 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-8-11-human-capital-investments-by-various-household-3nv706th.png Figures 8-11. Human Capital Investments by Various Household Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pensioners-by-institution-and-amount-of-the-pension-cdv548p8.png Table 1. Pensioners by Institution and Amount of the Pension, Mexico 2013 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-oxygen-exposure-on-pentacene-electronic-4aripra0dr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-extended-be-scale-ups-spectra-of-12-nm-pentacene-on-au-24jtv74q.png Fig. 2. Extended BE scale UPS spectra of 12 nm pentacene on Au before (pristine; bottom curve) and after (upper curve) exposure to one atmosphere of O2 for 60 min. Inset: close-up of the near-EF region, indicating the rigid shift ∆. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ups-spectra-of-a-pentacene-single-crystal-measured-2n08pxwv.png Fig. 1. UPS spectra of a pentacene single crystal measured under the following conditions (and in this time sequence): (a) 3×10−8 mbar partial O2 pressure, (b) 2×10 −9 mbar total residual pressure, (c) 3 × 10−8 mbar partial O2 pressure after exposure to 5 × 10−6 mbar O2 for 30 min, and (d) again at 2× 10−9 mbar total residual pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ups-spectra-of-12-nm-pentacene-films-on-sio2-left-hand-3re6a09k.png Fig. 3. UPS spectra of 12 nm pentacene films on SiO2 (left-hand side) and HOPG (right-hand side). (a) and (e): pristine. (b) and (f): after exposure to one atmosphere O2 for 30 min (in dark). (c) and (g): after additional exposure to one atmosphere O2 for 120 min (with visible light). (d) and (h): after additional exposure to ambient air for 60 min (with visible light). Inset: extended BE scale UPS spectra of the pristine pentacene film on SiO2 (bottom curve), and after exposure to ambient air for 15 min with UV irradiation (top curve). https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-partitioning-on-the-clustering-index-of-fs48x4tgik 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representation-of-the-orientation-of-a-general-fiber-b4a7a0d7.png Fig. 1: Representation of the orientation of a general fiber in the 3D space using a unit vector p https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-results-for-the-parametric-study-lyv9azdz.png Table 2: Summary of the results for the parametric study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sensitivity-analysis-of-effective-thermal-conductivity-3qe5kk8t.png Fig. 4: Sensitivity analysis of effective thermal conductivity versus mesh density in a randomly oriented fiber distribution https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-symbols-14ju506y.png Table 1: List of symbols https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effective-conductivity-of-the-composite-for-four-cases-285up50w.png Fig. 5: Effective conductivity of the composite for four cases of randomly-oriented fiber distributions and an aligned fiber distribution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-summary-of-the-results-for-parametric-analyses-275i7ga4.png Fig. 6: Summary of the results for parametric analyses https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-denoting-the-principal-directions-and-principal-values-od0p0w9p.png Fig. 7: Denoting the principal directions and principal values by ellipses https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-illustration-of-the-rve-prototype-2a2kj2y3.png Fig. 2: Schematic illustration of the RVE prototype https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-piston-bowl-temperature-on-diesel-exhaust-2dnvy8sgjf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temperatures-at-various-piston-locations-for-two-2sciygrs.png Fig. 4 Temperatures at various piston locations for two engine block coolant temperatures of 65 and 125 °C. Engine speed 2000 r/min and load 125 N m, injection timing 1° CA BTDC, engine head temperature constant at 90 °C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temperatures-at-various-piston-locations-for-two-3ct4nz7e.png Fig. 3 Temperatures at various piston locations for two engine block coolant temperatures of 60 and 125 °C. Engine speed 2000 r/min and load 80 N m, injection timing 1° CA BTDC, engine head temperature constant at 90 °C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-effect-of-piston-temperature-on-hc-emissions-1kqm8sjw.png Fig. 9 The effect of piston temperature on HC emissions. Engine speed 2000 r/min and load 80 N m, engine head temperature constant at 90 °C, engine block temperature 45–105 °C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pressure-volume-temperature-surface-for-the-most-2l4fq8vs.png Fig. 5 Pressure–volume–temperature surface for the most volatile diesel fuel component (represented by n-decane) (p and T axes are not drawn to scale) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-effect-of-injection-timing-on-piston-temperature-3fu0pzup.png Fig. 8 The effect of injection timing on piston temperature. Engine speed 2000 r/min and load 80 N m, engine head temperature constant at 90 °C, engine block temperature constant at 95 °C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-effect-of-block-coolant-temperature-on-the-fuel-1qkimq5s.png Fig. 12 Effect of block coolant temperature on the fuel flowrate, air flowrate, and air–fuel ratio. Engine speed 2000 r/min and load 80 N m, injection timing 1° CA BTDC, engine head temperature constant at 90 °C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-evolving-vortical-structures-at-three-locations-a-b-3kv8ilwj.png Fig. 13 Evolving vortical structures at three locations (a, b, and c) in a spray impinging on a hot surface (adapted from reference [1]) with quiescent gas at 45 bar and 380 °C, injection pressure ∏1200 bar, wall temperature ∏350 °C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-effect-of-piston-temperature-on-smoke-emission-1viwojng.png Fig. 11 The effect of piston temperature on smoke emission. Engine speed 2000 r/min and load 80 N m, engine head temperature constant at 90 °C, engine block temperature 45–105 °C https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-real-exchange-rate-volatility-on-income-2yvtxw330b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-symmetric-response-of-labour-income-share-to-3gpfuuyc.png Figure 4: Symmetric response of labour income share to generalized one standard deviation shocks with 68 per cent conditional confidence bands https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-asymmetric-response-of-labour-income-share-to-3h023usd.png Figure 5: Asymmetric response of labour income share to generalized one standard deviation shocks with 68 per cent conditional confidence bands https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-priori-expectations-and-economic-explanations-1krjbz1w.png Table 1: A priori expectations and economic explanations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-labour-income-share-and-its-drivers-1hcspgbl.png Figure 3: Labour income share and its drivers https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-price-shocks-on-undocumented-students-college-6iolcu82i0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimated-effects-of-the-price-shock-on-1ob254qv.png Figure 4: Estimated Effects of the Price Shock on Reenrollment by Semester https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-trends-in-credits-earned-by-citizenship-and-2rslf2xh.png Figure 3: Trends in Credits Earned by Citizenship and Documentation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-3-cumulative-credits-earned-by-semesters-since-19hm845n.png Figure A.3: Cumulative Credits Earned by Semesters Since Entry and Entry Cohort https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-estimated-effects-of-the-price-shock-on-credits-19gbauas.png Figure 5: Estimated Effects of the Price Shock on Credits Earned by Semester https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-robustness-of-estimated-impacts-on-reenrollment-and-3dubu04g.png Table 4: Robustness of Estimated Impacts on Reenrollment and Credits Earned https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-students-by-citizenship-and-1nkx1nbd.png Table 1: Characteristics of Students by Citizenship and Documentation Status at Entry https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-impact-of-the-tuition-increase-on-credits-3owmbpui.png Table 3: The Impact of the Tuition Increase on Credits Attempted and Earned https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-the-impact-of-the-tuition-increase-on-the-w6yhe78q.png Table A.1: The Impact of the Tuition Increase on the Attainment of Enrolled Undocumented Students: Student Fixed-Effects Models https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-previous-hamstring-strain-injuries-on-the-2w4egewexd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-absolute-and-relative-change-in-eccentric-knee-2v0yf5vr.png Table 3: Absolute and relative change in eccentric knee flexor strength across preseason for athletes with (n=17) and without (n=82) a history of hamstring strain injury in the prior 12 months. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-absolute-and-relative-change-of-both-limbs-kg4ncgd9.png Table 4: Average absolute and relative change of both limbs in eccentric knee flexor strength across preseason for the athletes with (n=17) and without (n=82) a history of hamstring strain injury in the prior 12 months. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-prior-hamstring-strain-injuries-sustained-2xz959zb.png Table 1: Details of prior hamstring strain injuries sustained by athletes from the injured group 453 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographic-and-eccentric-knee-flexor-strength-data-ngas8dis.png Table 2: Demographic and eccentric knee flexor strength data for athletes with (n=17) and without 470  (n=82) a history of hamstring strain injury in the prior 12 months. 471 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-railway-local-irregularities-on-ground-3g1dq3azts 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-peak-particle-velocity-as-a-function-of-the-2bpbpuqp.png Figure 10. Peak particle velocity as a function of the vehicle speed for an AM96 trainset running on (a) ramp (l = 200mm, h = 5mm), (b) step-up joint (h = 5mm), (c) step-down joint (h = 5mm), (d) pulse joint (h = 5mm), (e) negative pulse joint (l = 10mm) and (f) wheel flat (r = 50mm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-birdseye-track-view-ppv-according-to-eq-7-during-3rhhbsh3.png Figure 9. Birdseye track view (PPV according to Eq. (7)) during the passage of an AM96 trainset at a speed of 120 km/h (a) without defect (static contribution), (b) with a 5mm height step-up joint defect, (c) with a 40mm length negative pulse defect and (d) with a 50mm flat spot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-description-of-the-prediction-model-vehicle-track-3f2ou9iy.png Figure 3. Description of the prediction model: vehicle/track/foundation simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-the-track-at-watermael-brussels-region-lxmrni6a.png Table 2. Parameters of the track at Watermael (Brussels Region — Belgium). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-the-dynamic-soil-characteristics-at-site-d47o57sp.png Table 3. Summary of the dynamic soil characteristics at site of Watermael (Brussels Region — Belgium). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-between-numerical-data-grey-with-5mm-kgiyyn20.png Figure 6. Comparison between numerical data (grey: with 5mm height/200 mm length ramp defect; black: without defect) related to the passage of an AM96 trainset (2×3 carriages) at a speed v0 of 120 km/h: (a) time histories at 10m from the track, (b) normalised frequency contents at 10m from the track and (c) peak particle velocity as a function of the distance from the track. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-ground-vibration-level-at-10m-from-the-source-for-an-1uk5yv0a.png Table 6. Ground vibration level at 10m from the source for an AM96 trainset running at 120 km/h on a step-down joint. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-ground-vibration-level-at-10m-from-the-source-for-an-3f7j84r5.png Table 7. Ground vibration level at 10m from the source for an AM96 trainset running at 120 km/h on a pulse joint. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-regional-politics-on-regional-life-expectancy-4swu6wrcqi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-regional-male-and-female-life-expectancy-italy-1978-2ssj8x20.png Figure 5. Regional male and female life expectancy, Italy, 1978–2010. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-measuring-the-average-impact-of-regional-political-2wf0txna.png Figure 4. Measuring the average impact of regional political regimes on regional life expectancy using a flexible lag structure. t = 0 denotes the moment that a political regime comes into power, and t = T, the moment that the political regime is no longer in power in this particular region. The dark grey area represents the average political effect in the period in which the political effect is always measured (i.e. the fixed period), whereas the lighter grey areas capture the same effect in the optionally included preceding and ensuing years. As can be seen, the average effect of the political regime is in Figure 4 assumed to be positive (relative to the omitted regime). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-20-regions-of-italy-2tqybyrc.png Figure 1. The 20 regions of Italy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-composition-of-regional-governments-giunta-1yityv3s.png Figure 3. Composition of regional governments (Giunta Regionale), Italy, 1975–2011. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-regional-climate-model-domain-choice-on-the-44evruvc4o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-observed-jtwc-black-line-and-ecmwf-analyses-gray-1gp501q0.png FIG. 2. (a) Observed (JTWC; black line) and ECMWF analyses (gray line) tracks of Tropical Cyclone Bonita (1–15 Jan 1996). (b) Simulated tracks of Bonita using the configurations of D1 (black line) and D2 (gray line). (c) Simulated tracks of Bonita using domain configuration D2 with a maximum topography of 2 m. A split vortex track is produced on top of Madagascar (gray line: northward-curving track; black line: westward track). The first and last days of the storms are numbered and circled, and the tracks every 6 h and for each new day are marked with dots and asterisks, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-simulated-850-hpa-geopotential-height-field-of-a-2mkloguj.png FIG. 9. Simulated 850-hPa geopotential height field of a tropical cyclone–like vortex in the Mozambique Channel using domain configuration D2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-geopotential-heights-at-850-500-and-300-hpa-of-the-15uwhomf.png FIG. 3. Geopotential heights at 850, 500, and 300 hPa of the analyses (thick line) and simulations (numbered thin lines) of Bonita for each of the four domain configurations. The thin-line numbers correspond to the domain numbers. The left-hand panels correspond to domains D1 (thin solid) and D4 (dashed), while the right-hand panels show the results of the simulations using domains D2 (dashed) and D3 (thin solid). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-observed-jtwc-black-line-and-ecmwf-analyses-gray-17nth6va.png FIG. 8. (a) Observed (JTWC; black line) and ECMWF analyses (gray line) tracks of Tropical Cyclone Gretelle (19–31 Jan 1997). (b) Simulated track of Gretelle using domain configuration D3. The first and last days of the storms are numbered and circled, and the tracks every 6 h and for each new day are marked with dots and asterisks, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-four-regional-model-domain-configurations-labeled-2iszuj7q.png FIG. 1. The four regional model domain configurations (labeled D1 to D4) used in the analyses. Heights contours are in meters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-observed-jtwc-black-line-and-ecmwf-analyses-gray-1klcztua.png FIG. 4. (a) Observed (JTWC; black line) and ECMWF analyses (gray line) tracks of Tropical Cyclone Christelle (1–10 Jan 1995). (b) Simulated track of Christelle using domain configurations D1 (black line) and D2 (gray line). The first and last days of the storms are numbered and circled, and the tracks every 6 h and for each new day are marked with dots and asterisks, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-geopotential-heights-at-850-500-and-300-hpa-of-the-3eu9y6dg.png FIG. 5. Geopotential heights at 850, 500, and 300 hPa of the analyses (thick line) and simulations (numbered thin lines) of Christelle for domain configurations D1 and D2. The thin-line numbers correspond to the domain numbers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-observed-jtwc-black-line-and-ecmwf-analyses-gray-e06ramke.png FIG. 6. (a) Observed (JTWC; black line) and ECMWF analyses (gray line) tracks of Tropical Cyclone Fabriola (31 Dec 1996 to 9 Jan 1997). (b) Simulated tracks of Fabriola using domain configurations D2 (gray line) and D3 (black line). The first and last days of the storms are numbered and circled, and the tracks every 6 h and for each new day are marked with dots and asterisks, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-roton-backflow-on-quantum-evaporation-from-frctcrhjdf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-transition-probabilities-as-a-function-of-energy-10h4qkyt.png FIG. 3. The transition probabilities, as a function of energy, an R2 roton incident on the free surface withuQu50.75 Å21. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-probabilitiesp1-j-as-a-function-of-energy-for-an-3nhea4ac.png FIG. 2. The probabilitiesP1 j as a function of energy for an incidentR1 roton. uQu50.75 Å21. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-sachsenhausen-visitors-personality-and-37l675bdas 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-for-positive-meaning-with-emotions-2ezbu9nk.png Table 2 Regression for Positive Meaning With Emotions, Controlled for Personality Traits https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-residents-attitude-toward-tourism-on-their-pro-qmkqwz6dya 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-total-effects-3emqejog.png Table 4: Total Effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-indirect-effect-1tq2g3u0.png Table 6: Indirect Effect https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-adjusted-calculation-model-1r2q3ygl.png Figure 1: The Adjusted Calculation Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-direct-effect-3sbwzodk.png Table 5: Direct Effect https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-standardized-coefficients-for-all-the-study-10ozxvjs.png Table 3: Standardized Coefficients for all the Study Hypotheses https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-general-data-of-the-sample-3bmtxa69.png Table 1: General Data of the Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-measurement-model-6fl3440u.png Table 2: The Measurement Model https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-salt-on-the-structure-of-individual-fat-2bnhzghz8n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-percentage-of-salt-lost-to-the-salty-whey-or-ljapubjt.png Table 2. The percentage of salt lost to the salty whey or retained in the cheese# https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-the-cheese-made-with-different-3f4gwt3a.png Table 1. Composition of the cheese made with different concentrations of NaCl added# https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-sexual-activity-on-wages-24zr7d9gn9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-robustness-checks-1vdft61f.png Table 3. Robustness checks https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-19b0nt0o.png Table 1. Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-falsification-tests-4dasaac4.png Table 8. Falsification tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-wage-regression-second-stage-2ktx6x9a.png Table 5. Wage regression (second stage) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-wage-regression-second-stage-30nqll4y.png Table 6. Wage regression (second stage) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-wage-regression-2d7cq4lk.png Table 10. Wage regression https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-robustness-checks-2tq7akuw.png Table 4. Robustness checks https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-oaxaca-blinder-decomposition-outcomes-per-group-15gzehkv.png Table 9. Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition outcomes per group https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-scoring-during-flower-induction-or-the-43xj86l6g1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effect-of-scoring-79-d-a-f-b-in-november-2001-on-ti3jew8a.png Table 2. The effect of scoring 79 d.a.f.b. in November 2001 on yield, yield-efficiency, average fruit weight and average fruit number for the harvest of 2003 on ‘Rosemarie’, Welgevallen, Stellenbosch. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentage-reproductive-buds-of-total-potential-2xpwlugl.png Table 3. Percentage reproductive buds of total potential bearing sites in bloom 2003 for the different scoring treatments done in 2002. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-effect-of-scoring-57-d-a-f-b-in-december-2001-on-29041eto.png Table 1. The effect of scoring, 57 d.a.f.b. in December 2001, on yield, yield-efficiency, average fruit weight and average fruit number for the harvest of 2003. The return bloom was determined at bloom 2003 (% reproductive buds per potential bearing sites), after scoring 58 d.a.f.b. in 2002. The same ‘Doyenne du Comice’ trees of Langrivier, Koue Bokkeveld were used over two seasons. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-simulation-based-neonatal-emergency-team-21lxmbnxbj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3vqvu64p.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-17nrlg9s.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-sideband-ratio-on-line-intensity-for-herschel-1j8hgm8nr1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sideband-ratio-gusb-calculated-from-fts-broadband-36x8rbx9.png Fig. 2 Sideband ratio, Gusb, calculated from FTS broadband coupling measurements in band 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-overview-of-sideband-ratio-for-all-h-and-v-mixers-3ni1vsb6.png Fig. 5 Overview of sideband ratio for all H and V mixers measured using the gas cell test setup [10]. A derived sideband ratio extracted from FTS measurement in Fig. 1 is plotted in gray for bands 1 and 2. The gray area shows the maximum and minimum normalized sideband ratio calculated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sideband-ratio-imbalance-seen-in-557ghz-o-h2o-line-3w1lmos3.png Fig. 7 Sideband ratio imbalance seen in 557GHz o-H2O line from OMC-2 FIR 4 [14]. The deconvolved line profile from band 1a (red) and 1b (blue) is shown here. The line before sideband ratio correction is shown with the solid line, the dashed line shows the corrected line profile. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-effect-of-a-sideband-imbalance-on-the-double-2o3qs6j4.png Fig. 3 The effect of a sideband imbalance on the double sideband line intensity for the molecule OCS observed at an LO frequency of 721.3 GHz. The figure highlights the need to apply the correct sideband scaling factor to the appropriate spectral line. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-mixer-technology-materials-and-crtqh87x.png Table 1 Overview of mixer technology, materials and implemented antenna technology [3]. a Nb-Al2O3-Nb, b Nb-AlN-NbTiN, c NbN Phonon cooled. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-comparison-between-the-sideband-ratio-measured-from-100wjnq6.png Fig. 6 A comparison between the sideband ratio measured from gas cell tests and line intensity trends with LO frequency extracted from in flight spectral scans for the 12CO (5-4) region. Similar trends are seen in both datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-normalized-mixer-broadband-coupling-for-bands-1-7-3j6g13k9.png Fig. 1 Normalized mixer broadband coupling for bands 1–7 determined through FTS measurements with the mixer biased in direction detection mode. The data for band 1 are taken from [6], band 2 is from [25], bands 3 & 4 are from [4], band 5 is from [15] and the data for bands 6 & 7 are taken from [2]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-saturated-absorption-lines-seen-in-the-h-polarization-1h0m8k5v.png Fig. 10 Saturated absorption lines seen in the H polarization towards SgrB2(M) in bands 7a and 6b. The dark line is the average of more than 8 line profiles measured at different IF’s in both the upper and lower sidebands. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-small-amplitude-time-dependent-changes-to-the-q18y6z3n33 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-colour-online-mean-velocity-field-and-mean-reynolds-1qvekxr0.png Figure 8. (Colour online) Mean velocity field and mean Reynolds shear stress for (left to right, then top to bottom): no stud, ω∗ =0.15, 0.34, 0.52, 0.70 and 0.89. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-same-as-figure-9-except-with-o-0-89-1mvxo51k.png Figure 11. Same as figure 9, except with ω∗ =0.89. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-colour-online-mean-lateral-force-cy-with-stud-14f6if8d.png Figure 21. (Colour online) Mean lateral force (Cy), with stud oscillating about θ =0 ◦ and amplitude: ±40◦ ( ); ±60◦ ( ); and ±80◦ ( ). Cx and Cz were not notably changed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-colour-online-schematic-simplification-of-a-3mkz4get.png Figure 20. (Colour online) Schematic simplification of a spanwise cut of the near wake, showing the progression of the counter-rotating vortices as the region of influence of the stud increases: (a) the static stud produces vortices which push each other towards the centre, (b) vortices move away from each other and (c) meet on the opposite side, now pushing each other away from the centre. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-colour-online-static-forces-and-a-comparison-with-1klwixwr.png Figure 4. (Colour online) Static forces and a comparison with the smooth (−) sphere results from Achenbach (1974): (a) smooth sphere results, and (b) the same sphere with a 0.01D stud placed at φk =60 ◦. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-colour-online-a-mean-lateral-force-and-b-phase-for-3q4lp0ga.png Figure 22. (Colour online) (a) Mean lateral force, and (b) phase for shaped trajectories, with a step up in angular frequency at θstep and a step back down at θ =0 ◦: ω∗ =0.17–0.55(×); 0.34–0.55(+). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-colour-online-a-uncalibrated-hot-film-voltage-lower-2n3o5urr.png Figure 7. (Colour online) (a) Uncalibrated hot-film voltage: lower voltage indicates greater heat transfer. Results are for Re=5× 104 and are averaged over 100 revolutions, as a function of the stud angle, in order to suppress voltage oscillations caused by vortex shedding. (b) Normalized with respect to time since the stud passed. No stud mean (—); ω∗ = 0.15 ( ); 0.34 ( ); 0.52 ( ); 0.70 ( ); 0.89 ( ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-same-as-figure-9-except-with-o-0-52-5401njbx.png Figure 10. Same as figure 9, except with ω∗ =0.52. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-spatial-design-on-user-memory-performance-2uue5lvn59 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-memory-card-game-the-recall-board-shows-two-rows-the-373onqaf.png Fig. 1. Memory Card Game. The Recall Board shows two rows, the first row with the 9 given cards in order, and the second row with 9 empty slots. In this instance, 5 cards have already been assigned to a slot which become black as opposed to the red rectangle which awaits to be assigned a card. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-recall-accuracy-control-the-overall-recall-performance-1jn5gwog.png Fig. 4. Recall Accuracy - Control. The overall recall performance of participants using a virtual memory palace is about 10% higher compared with the control experiment. Crosses represent sample means recall accuracy percentage: 0.35 for the control experiment and 0.67 for the virtual memory palaces. Centre lines show the medians; box limits indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles as determined by the software R; whiskers extend to 5th and 95th percentiles; bars indicate 90% confidence intervals of the means; data points are plotted as open circles. n = 17 sample points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-recall-accuracy-between-palaces-the-overall-recall-62a22x85.png Fig. 5. Recall Accuracy Between Palaces. The overall recall accuracy of participants using the the Curved Palace with a mean of 0.70 and Palladian Palace with a mean 0.64 is represented by the crosses. Horizontal lines show the medians; box limits indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles as determined by R software; whiskers extend to 5th and 95th percentiles; bars indicate 90% confidence intervals of the means; data points are plotted as open circles. n = 17. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-curved-palace-the-next-playing-card-appears-at-the-or92ghtc.png Fig. 3. The Curved Palace. The next playing card appears at the top middle of the screen. On the top left corner is the count of cards already associated https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-palladian-palace-the-next-playing-card-appears-at-2l2ugv2h.png Fig. 2. The Palladian Palace. The next playing card appears at the top middle of the screen. On the top left corner is the count of cards already associated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mean-time-comparison-between-memory-palaces-the-3jrmbalx.png Fig. 6. Mean Time Comparison between Memory Palaces. The average amount of time (in min) participants took in each memory palace. Crosses represent sample means of time in minutes: Curved Palace (M=6.1; SD=1.95) and Palladian Palace (M=6.1; SD=1.95). Horizontal lines show the medians; box limits indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles as determined by R software; whiskers extend to 5th and 95th percentiles; bars indicate 90% confidence intervals of the means; data points are plotted as open circles. n = 17. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-cycle-time-comparison-between-memory-palaces-the-1ozan7kb.png Fig. 7. Cycle Time Comparison Between Memory Palaces. The overall cycle time of participants in both virtual memory palaces was approximately equal. Crosses represent sample means cycle time per card: 1.24 in the Curved Palace, and 2.01 in the Palladian Palace. Horizontal lines show the medians almost identical in both case (0.81 in the Curved Palace and 0.8 in the Palladian Palace); box limits indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles as determined using the software R; whiskers extend to 5th and 95th percentiles. n = 17. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-soft-contact-lens-thickness-in-visual-function-15fxnqw3zi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-visual-function-parameters-comparison-between-the-32kcv4ga.png Fig. 3. Visual function parameters comparison between the lowest and highest contact lens thickness studied in both materials. * p < 0.05. Comparison post-wear with prewear values; Wilcoxon test. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-of-participants-in-the-bit2vsvx.png Table 1 Demographic characteristics of participants in the study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-contact-lenses-used-during-the-vvwx29kf.png Table 2 Characteristics of contact lenses used during the study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bar-graph-representing-the-trend-of-corneal-hoa-in-1qw8aibj.png Fig. 1. Bar graph representing the trend of corneal HOA in function of contact lens thickness for hydrophilic and hydrogel silicone materials. * p < 0.05. Comparison postwear with pre-wear values; Wilcoxon test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bar-graph-representing-the-trend-of-total-hoa-in-2a7n4f0r.png Fig. 2. Bar graph representing the trend of total HOA in function of contact lens thickness for hydrophilic and hydrogel silicone materials. * p < 0.05. Comparison post-wear with pre-wear values; Wilcoxon test. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-keratometry-and-refraction-values-for-different-3tw4gzah.png Table 4 Keratometry and refraction values for different thicknesses and materials. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-sous-vide-packaging-with-rosemary-essential-2ymndnh9qe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-of-total-mean-square-of-the-studied-main-10i1qvhw.png Table 1 Percentage of total mean square of the studied main effects and their interactions resulting from analysis of variance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-scores-of-the-significant-sensory-attributes-of-37q42ylr.png Table 4 Mean scores of the significant sensory attributes of sliced potatoes dipped in peanut oil and rosemary essential oil (B). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-chemical-traits-of-sliced-potatoes-as-affected-by-1ocwcrsq.png Fig. 4. Chemical traits of sliced potatoes as affected by ‘cultivar× storage time’ interaction. LSDinteraction(P≤ 0.05): 0.25 (TPC); 45 (AsAC); 2.5 (AA). Bars indicate https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-scores-of-the-significant-sensory-attributes-of-309s0y0u.png Table 3 Mean scores of the significant sensory attributes of sliced potatoes dipped in peanut oil (A). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-texture-of-sliced-potatoes-as-affected-by-cultivarx-38zs9pk7.png Fig. 1. Texture of sliced potatoes as affected by ‘cultivar× storage time’ interaction. LSDinteraction (P < 0.01):12.28. Bars indicate the standard deviation of the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-microbiological-traits-of-sliced-potatoes-as-affected-3cng1t9m.png Fig. 3. Microbiological traits of sliced potatoes as affected by ‘cultivar× essential oil treatment× storage time’ interaction. LSDinteraction(P≤ 0.05): 0.04 (TMB); 0.14 (YM); 0.03 (TEB). Bars indicate the standard deviation of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-texture-of-sliced-potatoes-as-affected-by-cultivarx-ro6ar2xa.png Fig. 2. Texture of sliced potatoes as affected by ‘cultivar× dipping treatment’ interaction. LSDinteraction (P < 0.01): 8.68. Bars indicate the standard deviation of the mean.- https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-mean-scores-of-the-significant-sensory-attributes-of-ajixtqqy.png Table 6 Mean scores of the significant sensory attributes of sliced potatoes at the end of cold storage time (11 days). https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-strong-shear-on-internal-solitary-like-waves-2sumwxtivi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-background-profiles-a-n2-z-b-u-z-c-ri-3k8po6qe.png Figure 1. Background profiles. (a) N2(z), (b) U(z), (c) Ri. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-wave-speeds-for-select-cases-mvuf0txz.png Table 2. Estimated wave speeds for select cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-density-fields-for-wavetrains-propagating-against-t7nlzqz9.png Figure 5. Density fields for wavetrains propagating against the shear current for the case NO DJL 1. (a) t= 7,200 s, (b) t= 14,400 s, and (c) t= 21,600 s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-detail-of-vertical-velocity-shaded-and-saturated-at-1uww223f.png Figure 8. Detail of vertical velocity (shaded and saturated at ±0.01 m s −1) and density fields in the core region for wavetrains propagating with the shear current critical layer case CL 1. 10 density isolines with −5× 10−4 < ρ <−4× 10−4 shown in black. (a) t= 7,200 s, (b) t= 9,000 s, and (c) t= 10,800 s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-relative-vorticity-field-staurated-at-0-1-s-1-1ljcdpuh.png Figure 10. The relative vorticity field staurated at 0.1 s−1 for the CL2 case with the density field overlaid at t= 4500 s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-detail-of-density-fields-for-wavetrains-1ko8pep4.png Figure 9. (a) Detail of density fields for wavetrains propagating with the shear current critical layer case CL 2 (the case with a narrow density profile) t= 4500 s, (b) the vertical velocity component in the top 2 m of the domain in the region between the thick black lines in panel (a) saturated at ±0.005 m s −1, (b) the vertical velocity component in the top 2 m of the domain in the region between the thin dotted black lines in panel (a), saturated at ±0.005 m s −1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-vertical-component-of-the-velocity-shaded-and-2q62cb7l.png Figure 2. Vertical component of the velocity shaded and saturated at ±0.01 m s−1 and eight density contours in black at t= 7,200 s for Cases DJL and DJLB. (a) Case DJL leftward (against shear) propagating wavetrain and (b) Case DJL rightward (with shear) propagating wavetrain. (c) Case DJLB leftward (against shear) propagating wavetrain and (d) Case DJLB rightward (with shear) propagating wavetrain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-case-no-djl-1-a-sample-n2-and-b-ri-at-t-7200-s-for-uysqyt5x.png Figure 4. Case NO DJL 1. (a) sample N2 and (b) Ri at t= 7,200 s. For (b), color range saturated over −0.25<Ri < 0.25. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-substituted-benzene-dicarboxylic-acid-linkers-4e0zi3f4jw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-tauc-plot-of-compounds-1-8-and-sodium-salt-of-the-28enr1wt.png Fig. 3 The Tauc plot of compounds 1–8 and sodium salt of the BDC2 ligand. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-energy-in-mev-for-the-different-spin-states-of-3dfgmdri.png Table 3 The energy in meV for the different spin states of the MOFs. The unit cell of the MOFs contain 6 Mn atoms, so the spin state corresponds to the alignment of the spin in the first and second Mn3 clusters https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-surroundings-with-different-separation-4auhn03f5a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-rms-vs-mean-pressure-coefficients-form-roof-tapping-2mzacq66.png Figure 6 RMS vs. mean pressure coefficients form roof tapping, (B/H=6, N=1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-array-of-model-structures-studied-x-source-b-2-o3uufk1i.png Table 1: Array of model structures studied, X source = B/2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5a-and-5b-show-comparisons-of-distributions-of-mean-10hbw8rb.png Figure 5a and 5b show comparisons of distributions of mean Cp on the roof for case N=1, B/H=1 at wind directions 30 and 60 degrees. Both of the graphs show similar trends with different angles of the approaching winds. The measured values of mean Cp are reasonably close to the calculated values. There is no root mean square (RMS) pressure coefficient provided from the output of Fluent, since Fluent is a steady-state Reynolds averaged model computer program. However, RMS pressure coefficients can be estimated from calculated mean pressure coefficients, mean velocities and RMS velocities using equations 6.1 and 6.2 proposed by Paterson [23]. Figure 6 shows RMS pressure coefficients plotted against mean pressure coefficients for roof pressure taps from wind tunnel results as predicted by Equations 6.1 and 6.2. Since the predictions of RMS pressure by both equations at the near zero mean pressure coefficients are expected to be poor, only the isolated roughness flow case (B/H=6) with highest magnitude of the mean pressure coefficient are compared here. There is a near linear relationship between Cp(RMS) and Cp(mean) in figure 6.51 for each set of data. The slope of the line of best fit is about –0.4 for the wind tunnel results, -0.21 for equation 6.1, and –0.43 for equation 6.2, respectively https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-symmetry-on-resonant-and-nonresonant-3dwjn8ejdn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spatial-distribution-of-the-thz-electric-field-and-the-3dp5ctii.png FIG. 2. Spatial distribution of the THz electric field and the phase from a FDTD simulation at 900 GHz. (a) Field enhancement factor _nx. (b) Field enhancement factor _nz. (c) and (d) The phases /x and /z at y¼ 0. (e) Mixing factor _nx _nz cos /. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-scanning-electron-micrograph-of-the-field-effect-thz-2nqwt2tg.png FIG. 1. (a) Scanning-electron micrograph of the field-effect THz detector. (b) Zoom-in view of the central active region including the plasmon cavity, the nanogates, and the 2DEG channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-examination-of-the-degree-of-symmetry-in-the-thz-2qdgq64t.png FIG. 5. (a) Examination of the degree of symmetry in the THz photocurrent mapped in a 2D color-scale plot as a function of Vds and Vg at 907 GHz. (b) Absolute value of THz photocurrent as a function of Vds extracted along the dashed line in (a). https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-surfactants-bound-magnetite-fe3o4-on-the-2fof9rcy9s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tem-images-of-a-fe3o4-tmah-zno-b-fe3o4-ca-zno-and-bm50cmhk.png Fig. 5. TEM images of (a) Fe3O4(TMAH)-ZnO, (b) Fe3O4(CA)-ZnO and (insert) ZnO. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-phenol-degradation-by-fe3o4-tmah-zno-at-various-a-1v7r6ws4.png Fig. 10. Phenol degradation by Fe3O4(TMAH)-ZnO at various (a) catalyst concentrations, (b) phenol concentrations and (c) pH values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-kinetic-parameters-phenol-removal-and-the-dissolved-ghgjpsm6.png Table 2. Kinetic parameters, phenol removal, and the dissolved content of iron and zinc, obtained using various reaction parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-and-physical-properties-of-the-synthesized-535bglq7.png Table 1. Chemical and physical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-phenol-concentration-changes-with-time-and-b-pl-bd4mgbgm.png Fig. 9. (a) Phenol concentration changes with time and (b) PL emission spectra of all samples. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-temperature-on-pollen-germination-pollen-tube-5eysc0cllb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pollen-tube-growth-in-vivo-in-the-laboratory-at-10oc-3332uec9.png Table 2 Pollen tube growth in vivo in the laboratory at 10ºC, 20ºC and 30ºC. Analysis of variance by GLM for the independent variables temperature and day, and the dependent variables kinetics (pollen tube length expressed as percentage of the style length), and tube nº (number of pollen tubes reaching the base of the style). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pollen-tube-growth-in-vivo-in-the-field-outside-and-3sf1yy5j.png Table 3 Pollen tube growth in vivo in the field outside and inside the plastic cage. Analysis of variance by GLM for the independent variables temperature and day, and the dependent variables kinetics (pollen tube length expressed as the percentage of the style), and tube nº (number of pollen tubes reaching the base of the style). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-stigmatic-receptivity-number-of-days-during-which-1lz59hqo.png Table 3 Pollen tube growth in vivo in the field outside and inside the plastic cage. Analysis of variance by GLM for the independent variables temperature and day, and the dependent variables kinetics (pollen tube length expressed as the percentage of the style), and tube nº (number of pollen tubes reaching the base of the style). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pollen-germination-in-vitro-analysis-of-variance-by-2laq6dvy.png Table 1 Pollen germination in vitro. Analysis of variance by General Linear Model (GLM) procedure at each time of incubation and means separation for the independent variables (temperature and genotype) and the dependent variable (percentage of pollen germination). https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-the-dynamical-state-of-clusters-on-gas-2ighzvyufw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-ratio-of-the-dynamical-mass-to-the-true-mass-of-a-3236uzwp.png Fig. 2 The ratio of the dynamical mass to the true mass of a star cluster with time after gas expulsion for clusters with initial virial ratios 1/2ǫ, where ǫ corresponds to an SFE of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60%. The difference between the dynamical and true masses is due to the stars being out of virial equilibrium. Note that for ǫ = 0.4 – 0.6 (some of) the clusters re-virialise, but oscillate around a virial ratio of 0.5. From Goodwin & Bastian (2006) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-fractional-stellar-mass-loss-with-time-from-a-20pc-yhr2xtfh.png Fig. 1 The fractional stellar mass loss with time from a 20pc radius sphere around a cluster with an initial virial ratio 1/2ǫ, where ǫ corresponds to an SFE of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60%. From Goodwin & Bastian (2006) https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-the-anion-fraction-on-the-physicochemical-4nymq6m7ta 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-electrochemical-windows-of-emim-hf-nfs-1kua40ap.png Table 2 Electrochemical windows of EMIm(HF)nFs https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-melting-points-and-glass-transition-temperatures-of-qr30v48z.png Table 1 Melting points and glass transition temperatures of EMIm(HF)nFs (n =1.0~2.6) https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-the-economic-cycle-on-workplace-accidents-in-3v9klipr58 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-descriptive-statistics-and-correlation-matrix-7sz6lply.png Table 6: Descriptive statistics and correlation matrix (Germany 1990-2005) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-regression-results-for-fatal-accidents-sfokjkbo.png Table 7: Regression results for fatal accidents https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-descriptive-statistics-and-correlation-matrix-30v6l2tq.png Table 5: Descriptive statistics and correlation matrix (Austria 1990-2005) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-regression-results-for-non-fatal-accidents-2f664c3z.png Table 8: Regression results for non fatal accidents https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-italy-the-trajectory-of-non-fatal-injuries-and-812hzsax.png Figure 1: Italy. The trajectory of non-fatal injuries and unemployment, over the period 1990-2005. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-germany-the-trajectory-of-gdp-per-capita-and-34ho9fyl.png Figure 2: Germany. The trajectory of GDP per capita and unemployment, over the period 1990-2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-and-correlation-matrix-1wsvzh89.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics and correlation matrix (Finland 1990-2005). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-and-correlation-matrix-3nno1ta9.png Table 4: Descriptive statistics and correlation matrix (Switzerland 1990-2005) https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-the-fed-zero-lower-bound-announcement-on-bank-5fcvw2gd3u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-evidence-of-pre-trends-in-the-data-3ed4pobs.png Table 11: Evidence of pre-trends in the data https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-di-erence-in-di-erence-in-performance-around-the-3gefa6gd.png Table 6: Di erence in di erence in performance around the announcement https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-list-of-variables-used-with-their-de-nition-and-381ohrpn.png Table A.1: List of variables used with their de nition and data source https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-regression-results-33cl4uh7.png Table 7: Regression results https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-3k8mxrji.png Table 2: Summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-impact-on-bank-stability-lce69gxe.png Table 10: Impact on bank stability https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-fomc-announcements-r46obobp.png Table 1: Main FOMC Announcements https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-control-and-treatment-cmrnu1g9.png Table 3: Descriptive statistics of control and treatment group prior and after the Fed ZLB announcement https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-the-great-moderation-on-the-us-business-cycle-4o2m5nx37r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-i-smoothed-estimates-of-the-stochastic-volatility-3e28i8mq.png Figure 4: (i) Smoothed estimates of the stochastic volatility σt,κ of the common cycle with 95% HPDI. Smoothed estimates of the stochastic volatility σi,t,ε of the irregular components with 95% HPDI for (ii) industrial production; (iii) manufacturing; and (iv) inflation. NBER recession dates are represented by the vertical bands. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-smoothed-estimates-of-the-stochastic-volatility-si-2626swql.png Figure 5: Smoothed estimates of the stochastic volatility σi,t,ε of the irregular components with 95% HPDI for (i) real retail sales; (ii) real GDP; (iii) consumption of durables; and (iv) investment. NBER recession dates are represented by the vertical bands. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-business-cycle-indicator-with-95-hpdi-nber-35booodm.png Figure 2: Business cycle indicator with 95% HPDI. NBER recession dates are represented by the vertical bands. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-posterior-means-and-standard-deviations-for-r-l-and-pen7p4mj.png Table 3: Posterior means and standard deviations for ρ, λ, and ξi for two different models. Column 1 is the model with no stochastic volatility. Columns 2 & 3 are for the model with a structural break in 1984:Q1. The priors are the same as in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prior-and-posterior-means-and-standard-deviations-3uouu6wp.png Table 2: Prior and posterior means and standard deviations for ρ, λ, and for each series δi and ξi. Industrial production has δ = 1 and ξ = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-i-business-cycle-indicator-ii-smoothed-estimates-of-1pe8csry.png Figure 1: (i) Business cycle indicator; (ii) smoothed estimates of the trend in industrial production; (iii) smoothed estimates of the slope and the growth rate of industrial production; (iv) smoothed estimates of the irregular component. NBER recession dates are represented by the vertical bands. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-i-business-cycle-indicator-from-a-model-with-no-3bqpf2ci.png Figure 6: (i) Business cycle indicator from a model with no stochastic volatility; (ii) smoothed estimates of the slope from a model with no stochastic volatility; (iii) Business cycle indicator from a model with a known break in Q1 1984; (iv) smoothed estimates of the slope from a model with a known break in Q1 1984. NBER recession dates are represented by the vertical bands. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gain-functions-from-q1-1982-straight-lines-and-q1-1xamz5yw.png Figure 3: Gain functions from Q1 1982 (straight lines) and Q1 1997 (boxes) for clockwise from top left: industrial production, unemployment, real GDP, investment, consumption, and productivity. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-the-precipitate-size-distribution-on-the-aging-4wvx4rxwab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-experimentally-measured-and-predicted-270x2v5n.png Figure 6 Comparison of experimentally measured and predicted aging curves for the precipitate size distribution of Figure 5. The experimental curve is taken from ref. 5. The theoretical curve is shifted to slightly shorter aging times to account for atom clustering. The predicted aging curve for a {i-function precipitate size distribution with the same average precipitate diameter and volume fraction is shown for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-calculated-aging-curves-for-three-30twksiw.png Figure 3 Comparison of calculated aging curves for three precipitate size distributions of different width. (a) Histograms of the precipitate size distributions corrected to constant volume fraction. (b) Aging curves calculated for <d *> = 16 at t*= 0, f = 0.2 and droop= 210. The dislocations are assumed to be uncoupled. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effective-obstacle-diameter-distribution-for-a-efk4odho.png Figure 2 Effective obstacle diameter distribution for a Gaussian precipitate size distribution coarsening at fixed volume fraction. (a) Precipitate size distribution at dimensionless time t*= o. (b) Obstacle distribution at various times for dimensionless looping radius droop = 210. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-precipitate-size-distribution-measured-by-gu-et-al-2ibn2ysj.png Figure 5 Precipitate size distribution measured by Gu, et al [5] for an Al-2.8Li-O.3Mn alloy aged 48 hours at 200°C . https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-the-post-socialist-transition-on-inequality-of-352nh9sii3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-predicted-probabilities-of-obtaining-a-university-15bihue8.png Figure 3. Predicted probabilities of obtaining a university qualification for different birth cohorts in West and East Germany https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predicted-probabilities-of-obtaining-an-upper-oyif61rt.png Figure 2. Predicted probabilities of obtaining an upper-secondary school-leaving qualification for different birth cohorts in West and East Germany https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-predicted-probabilities-of-obtaining-a-mid-7rdakn4d.png Figure 1. Predicted probabilities of obtaining a mid-secondary school-leaving qualification for different birth cohorts in West and East Germany https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-the-proportion-of-mismatching-trials-and-task-56nzbvaz6x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-left-panel-estimated-roc-curves-from-the-fitted-26tfrtj6.png Figure 7. Left panel: Estimated ROC curves from the fitted unequal variance signal detection models of Experiment 1 (match-orientation conditions). Middle and right panels: The resulting confidence-accuracy calibration curves (for positive and negative decisions) from responses generated by the three models when each is applied to a hypothetical PMT of 20%, 50% or 80%. The models produce similar calibration curves within each hypothetical PMT level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-anova-results-for-the-performance-measures-in-25m1fxvq.png Table 2 ANOVA results for the performance measures in Experiment 1. The degrees of freedom were (1,94) for the main effect of task orientation, and (2,188) for the main effect of proportion of mismatch trials (PMT) and the interaction effect. Significant effects (p<0.05) are signaled by bold font. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-scores-on-overall-calibration-statistics-for-1nsfhatn.png Table 3 Mean scores on overall calibration statistics for Experiment 1, with (standard deviations) and [95% bootstrap confidence intervals]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-anova-results-for-the-overall-calibration-statistics-24m5h7wc.png Table 4 ANOVA results for the overall calibration statistics in Experiment 1. The degrees of freedom were (1,94) for the main effect of task orientation, and (2,188) for the main effect of proportion of mismatch trials (PMT) and the interaction effect. Significant effects (p<0.05) are signaled by bold font. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-mean-scores-on-overall-calibration-statistics-for-1dgmufrw.png Table 8 Mean scores on overall calibration statistics for Experiment 2, with (standard deviations) and [95% bootstrap confidence intervals]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-performance-data-for-experiment-2-means-standard-1l5i4ylu.png Table 7 Performance data for Experiment 2: means, (standard deviations) and [95% bootstrap confidence intervals]. Discriminability and criterion measures were estimated from fitting an unequal variance signal detection model to each condition, for each participant and for aggregate data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-left-panel-estimated-roc-curves-from-the-unequal-25rsnodz.png Figure 8. Left panel: Estimated ROC curves from the unequal variance signal detection model of 3% PMT in Experiment 2 (black triangles), and with the decision criteria optimized for nearperfect calibration for positive and negative decisions (grey triangles). Middle and right panels: The resulting confidence-accuracy calibration curves for positive and negative decisions for each set of criteria. Thus it is theoretically possible to achieve near-perfect calibration by adjusting response bias, but at a cost to the false alarm rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-experiment-1-confidence-accuracy-calibration-curves-266we0bg.png Figure 3. Experiment 1 confidence-accuracy calibration curves for positive (“same person”) and negative (“different people”) decisions (left and right panels, respectively), for each condition. “M-orientation” and “I-orientation” refer to whether participants were instructed to search for matches or imposters, respectively, and the proportion of mismatch trials (PMT) was either 20%, 50% or 80%. Error bars show 95% confidence intervals for the proportions. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-thermal-vibrations-on-extended-x-ray-ow5tx84kkq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-modification-in-the-exafs-amplitude-of-the-double-and-10si4a10.png FIG. 9. Modification in the EXAFS amplitude of the double and triple scattering terms in the BeBr2 system due to the assumption that the second shell single scattering Debye-Waller factor (u8 ) may be used to approximate the double (uD) and triple (ur) scattering Debye-Waller factors. All amplitudes were calculated at k = 10 A -•. (a) Modification in the amplitudes ofthe double and triple scattering terms at 10 K as a function of bridging angle 9. (b) Temperature dependence at a bridging angle of 120". (c)()= 150". (d) 9 = 170". https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-five-significant-scattering-paths-in-a-system-of-1a81hckl.png FIG. 2. The five significant scattering paths in a system of three atoms. (a) and (b) represent the single scattering paths from atoms i and j. The two double scattering paths (c) and (d) are identical by virtue of time-reversal symmetry. The triple scattering path is shown in (e). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-temperature-dependence-of-the-debye-waller-factors-for-2nu80hiw.png FIG. 8. Temperature dependence of the Debye-Waller factors for the BeBr2 system at three bridging angles. (a) 8 = 120". (b) 8 = I so•. (c) 8 = 170". https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-of-the-normal-modes-in-a-three-atom-system-10jhq7b0.png FIG. 4. Schematic of the normal modes in a three-atom system of D~• symmetry. The symmetric stretch .It involves no motion of the intervening atomj. The degenerate bonding modes n. may be interconverted by a rotation of90' about the molecular axis. The asymmetric stretch .I.+ is the limiting case of the single B 1 mode in a C 2" system [Fig. 3(c)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-of-the-normal-modes-in-a-three-atom-system-wobbhcny.png FIG. 3. Schematic of the normal modes in a three-atom system of C 2• symmetry. There are three normal modes, two of A 1 type symmetry and a single B 1 mode. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-turbulence-on-mass-transfer-rates-between-3mglpscusk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kinetic-energy-spectrum-black-rel-350-red-rel-150-1jzjrjbd.png Figure 1. Kinetic energy spectrum, black: Reλ ≈ 350, red: Reλ ≈ 150 (cases A and M in table 1). The wavenumbers kL, kλ and kη correspond to the integral, Taylor and Kolmogorov scales, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-normalised-decay-rate-obtained-2xc3qtd1.png Figure 4. Comparison of the normalised decay rate obtained with and without particles back-reaction for simulations with StL = 0.05 (left), 0.35 (middle) and 1.2 (right) (cases C, E, F). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-normalised-decay-rate-as-a-function-of-damkohler-hr9yktqs.png Figure 3. Normalised decay rate as a function of Damköhler number obtained for different particle size distributions for StL = 0.1 (cases D, J, K) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-pdf-of-np-np-for-different-particle-sizes-rel-150-2pdtmwbw.png Figure 8. PDF of np/np for different particle sizes, Reλ ≈ 150, compensated distr., top row: with back-reaction, bottom row: no back-reaction, left column: StL = 1.2, right column: StL = 0.05, in all cases Da ≈ 35 (cases C and F) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulation-parameters-the-total-number-of-grid-36dc60rk.png Table 1. Simulation parameters. The total number of grid points varies between 643 and 5123, depending on Reλ and Da. In all cases, the Schmidt number is equal to 0.2. The parameter Da2 quantifies the effect of particles clustering and is explained in a later sub-section. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-auto-correlation-function-of-the-particle-rcrg8bz2.png Figure 7. The auto-correlation function of the particle number density for simulations with and without back-reactions and for different particle sizes (case H) . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-da2-as-a-function-of-stokes-number-all-cases-with-3en8t32l.png Figure 12. Da2 as a function of Stokes number, all cases with compensated and Dirac distributions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-correlation-number-between-different-stokes-jtrz2y77.png Table 2. The correlation number between different Stokes numbers (St=0.04, 0.2 and 1), for simulations with and withtout back reactions. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-time-between-events-for-sequence-interaction-1uqrdqam0s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-experimental-setup-3vlla4eu.png Figure 3: Experimental setup https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-events-and-states-2776tv41.png Figure 1: Events and states https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-tbe-parameter-values-against-experiment-expt-23sqbqgx.png TABLE 6: TBE PARAMETER VALUES AGAINST EXPERIMENT (EXPT.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-event-table-lu3ip8hs.png TABLE 4: EVENT TABLE https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-test-matrix-showing-only-the-first-6-sequences-16ompmz3.png TABLE 5: TEST MATRIX SHOWING ONLY THE FIRST 6 SEQUENCES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-general-algorithm-for-sit-test-suite-creation-c1zr2eia.png Figure 4: General algorithm for SIT test suite creation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-tbe-on-total-faults-triggered-log-scale-1fmzpax1.png Figure 5: Effect of TBE on total faults triggered (log scale) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-event-3-on-total-faults-triggered-log-1drtyr9t.png Figure 6: Effect of Event 3 on total faults triggered (log scale) https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-three-low-cost-engineering-treatments-on-bmvegkpfrf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-university-of-leeds-driving-simulator-2ebxboyp.png Figure 6 - The University of Leeds Driving Simulator https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-drivers-perclos-before-experiencing-the-treatments-1907bbf2.png Figure 7 – Drivers’ PERCLOS before experiencing the treatments on the baseline and three experimental roads https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-drivers-subjective-score-of-alertness-after-each-hmvjj3tz.png Figure 10 – Drivers’ subjective score of alertness after each drive https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-drivers-sdlp-before-during-and-after-each-of-the-18c0jqs5.png Figure 9 - Drivers’ SDLP before, during and after each of the three treatments https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-perclos-and-driving-performance-values-for-days-1-1rovl23f.png Table 4 – PERCLOS and driving performance values for days 1 and 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-chevrons-left-rumble-strips-middle-and-vms-l1ok6bpo.png Figure 4 – The chevrons (left) rumble strips (middle) and VMS (right) used in the study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-effect-of-each-treatment-on-older-and-shift-2f23x8gg.png Figure 8 - The effect of each treatment on older and shift drivers’ HFS https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-age-and-driving-experience-of-the-two-groups-of-2t20u0bk.png Table 3 - Age and driving experience of the two groups of drivers https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-turbulent-flow-structures-on-saltation-sand-56ogc921mg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-saltiphone-2o8cg41c.png Figure 2. The saltiphone https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationship-between-saltation-flux-measured-with-a-32g1pcon.png Figure 3. Relationship between saltation flux, measured with a saltiphone, and mass flux, measured with a sediment trap in a wind tunnel https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-descriptive-statistics-of-wind-parameters-and-lv9aqq97.png Table II. Descriptive statistics* of wind parameters and saltation transport during two storms at ICRISAT Sahelian Centre https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-saltation-flux-s-in-relation-to-horizontal-u-and-akonvgtk.png Figure 6. Saltation flux (S) in relation to horizontal (u′) and vertical (v′) turbulent velocity fluctuations during the first 3 min of a storm event at ICRISAT Sahelian Centre on 25 June 1995 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-records-of-wind-speed-f-and-saltation-flux-s-for-l7hdpst5.png Figure 4. Records of wind speed (F) and saltation flux (S) for two Sahelian wind erosion events at ICRISAT Sahelian Centre on (A) 27 June 1994 and (B) 25 June 1995 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-quadrant-plot-of-four-discrete-momentum-exchange-1trsqpx2.png Figure 1. Quadrant plot of four discrete momentum exchange structures, based on the turbulent velocity fluctuations in horizontal (u′) and vertical (v′) directions https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-aggregate-size-distribution-of-topsoil-at-icrisat-d9lbtdaq.png Table I. Aggregate size distribution of topsoil at ICRISAT Sahelian Centre https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plots-of-instantaneous-kinematic-stress-u-v-and-2hw8pbt6.png Figure 5. Plots of instantaneous kinematic stress (−u′ v′) and saltation flux (S) for two Sahelian wind erosion events at ICRISAT Sahelian Centre on (A) 27 June 1994 and (B) 25 June 1995 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-tyres-and-a-rubber-track-at-high-axle-loads-on-10nk5fwa50 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-soil-displacement-for-different-undercarriage-gnb6f95t.png Figure 1. Soil displacement for different undercarriage systems. ■,4 Track+700mm/4.5t/1.0bar; □, Track+500-70mm/4.5t/2.3bar; Δ, 680mm/10.5t/2.2bar5 +580-85mm/4.5t/1.4bar; ×, 900mm/10.5t/1.9bar+700mm/4.5t/1.0bar; +,6 900mm/10.5t/1.9bar+500-70mm/4.5t/2.3bar; ♦, 900mm/5t/0.5bar Three passes; ,7 LSD at 95% confidence level8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-soil-displacement-caused-by-the-front-axle-and-3l3gw8qj.png Figure 2. Soil displacement caused by the front axle and additional soil displacement caused4 by the rear axle. ■, Track alone; □, Track+700mm/4.5t/1.0bar; ○, Track+500-5 70mm/4.5t/2.3bar; ×, 900mm/10.5t/1.9bar alone; +,900mm/10.5t/1.9bar6 +700mm/4.5t/1.0bar; ◊,900mm/10.5t/1.9bar+500-70mm/4.5t/2.3bar; , LSD at 95%7 confidence level8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-penetrometer-resistance-with-and-without-influence-2e35tcka.png Figure 6. Penetrometer resistance with and without influence of rear tyre. Δ, Control; +,5 900mm/10.5t/1.9bar alone; ×, 900mm/10.5t/1.9bar+500-70mm/4.5t/2.3bar; □, Track 6 alone; ■, Track+500-70mm/4.5t/2.3bar; , LSD at 95% confidence level7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-penetrometer-resistance-for-different-undercarriage-31k9a6mq.png Figure 5. Penetrometer resistance for different undercarriage systems. Tracked4 undercarriages Group a) Δ, Control; □, Track+700mm/4.5t/1.0bar; ■, Track+500-5 70mm/4.5t/2.3bar. Wheeled Undercarriages Group b) Δ, Control; ×,6 900mm/10.5t/1.9bar+500-70mm/4.5t/2.3bar; +, 900mm/10.5t/1.9bar+7 700mm/4.5t/1.0bar; •, 680mm/10.5t/1.9bar+500-85mm/4.5t/1.4bar; ▲,8 900mm/5t/0.5bar three passages; , LSD at 95% confidence level9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-25-6-whole-machine-specifications7-8-jn6i92j6.png Table 25 6 Whole Machine Specifications7 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-penetrometer-resistances-for-rear-tyres-and-track-38ji8io6.png Figure 10. Penetrometer resistances for rear tyres and track at 12 t. Δ, Control; •,2 600mm/4.5t/1.4bar; +, 500/85mm/4.5t/1.4bar; ■, Track12t ; , LSD at 95%3 confidence level4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-displacement-vs-depth-top-300-mm-with-regression-373ahqp9.png Figure 9. Displacement vs. Depth, top 300 mm with regression lines. □, track 10.5t; ■, track 2 12t; , , 680mm/10.5t/2.2bar; ×, 900mm/10.5t/1.9bar; +, 800mm/10.5t/2.5bar; ♦,3 800mm/10.5t/1.25bar;4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-soil-displacement-caused-by-x-23in-4t-1-2bar-11in-1-2mw722sv.png Figure 4. Soil displacement caused by ×, 23in/4t/1.2bar+11in/1.5t/2.0bar; ■, a tracked2 combine harvester (33 t) followed by a 700mm/4.5t/1.0bar tyre; □, a tracked combine3 harvester (33 t) followed by a (500-70mm/4.5t/2.3bar) tyre; , LSD at 95%4 confidence level5 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-water-absorption-on-the-dielectric-properties-3r0th7pno7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-charge-carrier-movement-through-overlapping-water-23kph87u.png Figure 12: Charge carrier movement through overlapping water shells https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-swelling-weight-gain-and-density-change-of-2j1jcppf.png Figure 4: The swelling, weight gain and density change of watersaturated epoxy samples (bars indicate uncertainty in measurements) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-calculated-water-shell-thickness-from-water-uptake-zifa51rp.png Figure 5: Calculated water shell thickness from water uptake measurements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-interface-degradation-aging-scenario-from-40-3kczzpj6.png Figure 16: Interface degradation aging scenario (from [40]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-calculation-of-complex-permittivity-using-equation-r59hadpt.png Figure 15: Calculation of complex permittivity using equation (5) for (a) micro-composite and (b) nano-composite. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tg-of-epoxy-samples-at-various-relative-humidities-1g7wsyso.png Figure 6: Tg of epoxy samples at various relative humidities. (a): https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-variation-of-loss-tangent-of-n3-measured-at-104-2dudft6a.png Figure 7: The variation of loss tangent of n3 measured at 104 Hz as a function of temperature for different humidities indicating the glass transition temperature as a change in slope https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-consideration-of-particle-and-matrix-in-series-3oosd2hj.png Figure 14: Consideration of particle and matrix in series https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-vision-on-discrimination-of-compliance-using-a-224m0af8l7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-must-tester-indenting-sample-stimulus-with-a-hard-16av0pte.png Figure 2: MUST tester indenting sample stimulus with a hard tip https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-direct-vision-tool-task-figure-6-indirect-vision-3756tk1a.png Figure 5: Direct vision + tool task Figure 6: Indirect vision + tool task https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-participants-were-once-again-asked-to-judge-the-2yee0oxw.png Figure 8. Participants were once again asked to judge the compliance of both stimuli, subjectively stating which stimulus feels less compliant. Each recording was repeated as many times as needed until a decision had been made. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-only-tool-task-figure-8-only-indirect-vision-task-3967czsf.png Figure 7: Only tool task Figure 8: Only indirect vision task https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-eleven-physical-stimuli-used-2xajgpv8.png Figure 1: The eleven physical stimuli used https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-d65-daylight-simulator-with-the-stimuli-placed-in-149e855p.png Figure 4: D65 daylight simulator with the stimuli placed in the holder and the tool used, as presented to each participant https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-stiffness-and-lambda-values-along-with-their-byav5hzv.png Table 1: Mean Stiffness and Lambda values along with their standard deviations acr ss over five repeats obtained after fitting MUST data to Maxwell models for all eleven stimuli https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-shi-values-with-the-standard-deviations-for-the-four-wg937xsf.png Table 2: 試 values with the standard deviations for the four tasks. Task 1 is direct v sion + tool touch. Task 2 is indirect vision + tool touch. Task 3 is only tool touch. Task 4 is only indirect vision. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-voluntary-versus-mandatory-adoption-of-trading-3rubp13hih 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regressions-of-insider-trading-policy-on-firm-3uif5t26.png Table 2 Regressions of insider trading policy on firm characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-firm-characteristics-and-insider-trading-policy-38y8z5sy.png Table 1 Firm characteristics and insider trading policy items for S&P ASX300 firms https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regressions-of-cumulative-abnormal-returns-on-3aau5gz3.png Table 5 Regressions of cumulative abnormal returns on trading restrictions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cumulative-abnormal-returns-on-insider-trades-in-31y0movu.png Table 4 Cumulative abnormal returns on insider trades in different windows https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regressions-of-frequency-of-insider-trades-on-2zec4fm7.png Table 3 Regressions of frequency of insider trades on insider trading policy and firm characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/the-effectiveness-and-active-ingredients-of-mutual-support-jzexdef6zh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-sample-search-strategy-used-in-ovid-full-text-43ra5vgz.png Table 1. A Sample Search Strategy Used in Ovid Full Text Database (Jan 1985 –Dec 2007) https://scispace.com/papers/the-effectiveness-and-acceptability-of-a-guided-self-help-43w1hskxqz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-the-compact-aaq-ii-dass-21-qolie-10-fd2eqe5g.png Table 4. Results of the CompACT; AAQ-II; DASS-21; QOLIE-10; Weekly Seizure Frequency https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-participant-reading-materials-and-the-act-process-es-1vaszyz8.png Table 2. Participant reading materials and the ACT process(es) targeted https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-psychological-flexibility-and-trendline-for-each-2ll3upai.png Figure 1. Psychological flexibility and trendline for each participant across study Notes: PRE: Pre-intervention; WK: Week of intervention; ACC: Acceptance; CD: Cognitive Defusion; SAC: Self as Context; PMA: Present Moment Awareness; VAL: Values; CA: Committed Action; POST: Post-intervention follow-up https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-psychometric-properties-and-characteristics-of-125sju42.png Table 1. Psychometric properties and characteristics of measures https://scispace.com/papers/the-effective-relevance-link-between-a-document-and-a-query-3kzjqf1gv8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-experimental-results-of-applying-8-and-some-p4rgi0b9.png Table 3. The experimental results of applying (8) and some classical IR methods (2, 9, and 10) to the three corpuses and using the three types of terms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-different-cases-of-interaction-between-d-and-q-3llwnk41.png Fig. 1. The different cases of interaction between d and q https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-experimental-results-of-applying-8-to-the-three-1efovb2g.png Table 2. The experimental results of applying (8) to the three corpuses and using the three types of terms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-corpuses-statistics-avdl-and-avql-are-the-average-3u3qqbyn.png Table 1. Corpuses statistics. avdl and avql are the average length of documents and queries. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effectiveness-and-safety-of-the-impella-ventricular-2zewcjyl2o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-procedural-and-hemodynamic-characteristics-for-high-txsf6aqf.png Table 4. Procedural and hemodynamic characteristics for high-risk patients undergoing PCI and using the Impella device https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-thirty-day-and-long-term-clinical-outcomes-in-cstg6gih.png Table 5. Thirty-day and long term clinical outcomes in controlled studies of high-risk patients using either the Impella device or IABP while undergoing PCI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-studies-assessing-the-3hhy0qyr.png Table 1. Characteristics of studies assessing the effectiveness and safety of the Impella device in high-risk patients undergoing PCI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-baseline-demographic-and-clinical-characteristics-of-1fwa6uvs.png Table 2. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of high-risk patients undergoing PCI in controlled studies of the Impella device. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-thirty-day-and-long-term-clinical-outcomes-in-1mangewm.png Table 6. Thirty-day and long term clinical outcomes in uncontrolled studies of high-risk patients using the Impella device while undergoing PCI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-baseline-demographic-and-clinical-characteristics-of-grz5ds80.png Table 3. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of high-risk patients using the Impella device while undergoing PCI in uncontrolled studies of the Impella device. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prisma-flow-diagram-of-the-systematic-literature-3d0ul6oi.png Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram of the systematic literature search36. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effectiveness-of-canada-s-navy-on-escort-duty-zx99fpwblo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-average-number-of-escorts-by-type-zjwf0zn4.png Table 12: Average Number of Escorts by Type https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-composition-of-the-rcn-ae1bb1h1.png Table 2: Composition of the RCN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cumulative-sinkings-28xhrqd8.png Figure 1: Cumulative Sinkings https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-probit-regression-results-1e3lmiah.png Table 7: Probit Regression Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-escort-statistics-3numbnm9.png Table 6: Escort Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-costs-and-benefits-of-counterfactual-building-2y6zv82t.png Table 13: Costs and Benefits of Counterfactual Building Program https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-zero-inflated-negative-binomial-regression-results-259sjnln.png Table 10: Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regression Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-counterfactual-commissioned-ship-schedule-1gfa08x0.png Table 11: Counterfactual Commissioned Ship Schedule https://scispace.com/papers/the-effectiveness-of-decompression-alone-compared-with-2z02xxs2rq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-x-axis-shows-the-treatment-difference-between-24m0i2bg.png Figure 7. The X-axis shows the treatment difference between decompression alone (DA) and decompression with fusion (DF). The vertical lines indicate zero (no between-group difference) and – δ (the predefined non-inferiority margin). For five possible outcomes, the mean difference with corresponding confidence interval is indicated with horizontal lines. For the two lowermost lines the lower bound of the CI are below –δ and non-inferiority for DA could not be claimed. For the next two lines the lower bound of the CI are above –δ, and non-inferiority is shown. The upper line demonstrates a scenario where both on-inferiority as well as superiority for DA could be claimed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-demographics-and-surgical-data-for-patients-ul29v6og.png Table 1 Patient demographics and surgical data for patients operated for spinal stenosis and for degenerative spondylolisthesis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-receiver-operating-characteristic-curves-for-nrs-back-jlvuchuq.png Fig. 5 Receiver Operating Characteristic curves for NRS back pain. Legend: The closer the curve is in the upper left corner, the higher accuracy for determining whether a patients is cured (‘completely recovered’ or ‘much improved’) or not. 5a. Spinal stenosis; 5b. Degenerative spondylolisthesis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mri-scan-showing-spinal-stenois-in-the-axial-plan-2w45mphl.png Figure 1. MRI-scan showing spinal stenois in the axial plan (to the left) and in the sagittal plane Measurements used to confirm a spinal stenosis include quantitative assessments of the dural sac cross-sectional area (DSCA) [32], measurement of the length from the anterior to the posterior margin of the dural sac (A-P diameter), and qualitative grading of the dural sac morphology (i.e., Schizas classification [33]). There is lack of evidence for an association between pain intensity, functional disability, walking distance and the degree of spinal canal narrowing on MRI [20, 34]. However, a recent study among patients operated for DS showed that more severe stenosis, as measured by DSCA or by grading the morphology, was associated with better clinical 12- month outcomes [35]. A survey among Norwegian spine surgeons showed that more than 80% used the morphological cross-sectional image of the dural sac when evaluating preoperative MRI, but most of them did not measure the AP diameter or the DSCA or grade the morphology according to the Schizas classification [36]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-error-bars-for-the-propensity-score-matched-cohort-1twi99bv.png Fig. 5 Receiver Operating Characteristic curves for NRS back pain. Legend: The closer the curve is in the upper left corner, the higher accuracy for determining whether a patients is cured (‘completely recovered’ or ‘much improved’) or not. 5a. Spinal stenosis; 5b. Degenerative spondylolisthesis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-chart-for-nordsten-ds-legend-eligibility-2mp2sqe7.png Figure 1. MRI-scan showing spinal stenois in the axial plan (to the left) and in the sagittal plane Measurements used to confirm a spinal stenosis include quantitative assessments of the dural sac cross-sectional area (DSCA) [32], measurement of the length from the anterior to the posterior margin of the dural sac (A-P diameter), and qualitative grading of the dural sac morphology (i.e., Schizas classification [33]). There is lack of evidence for an association between pain intensity, functional disability, walking distance and the degree of spinal canal narrowing on MRI [20, 34]. However, a recent study among patients operated for DS showed that more severe stenosis, as measured by DSCA or by grading the morphology, was associated with better clinical 12- month outcomes [35]. A survey among Norwegian spine surgeons showed that more than 80% used the morphological cross-sectional image of the dural sac when evaluating preoperative MRI, but most of them did not measure the AP diameter or the DSCA or grade the morphology according to the Schizas classification [36]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-time-schedule-for-collection-of-data-for-the-308bmxes.png Table 3 Time schedule for collection of data for the NORDSTEN/DS trial https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-follow-up-scores-and-the-change-scores-for-proms-3ck7fhoa.png Table 2 Follow-up scores and the change scores for PROMs according to the GPE-scale https://scispace.com/papers/the-effectiveness-of-interventions-aiming-to-promote-4joeaxr1ae 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-2hy28uzi.png Table 2. (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-detailed-information-about-content-of-interventions-2f65pd0p.png Table 2. (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-methodological-quality-assessment-of-studies-1iitx2sk.png Table 3. Methodological quality assessment of studies included in the review, using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prisma-flow-diagram-of-screening-process-for-review-pcr5adh4.png Figure 1. PRISMA Flow-Diagram of Screening Process for Review https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-outcome-measures-used-to-assess-components-of-twmrj0vc.png Table 4. Outcome measures used to assess components of positive body image https://scispace.com/papers/the-effectiveness-of-light-switch-reminders-in-reducing-2eenj0xi1w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-questionnaire-2o8gbbix.png Table 2 Questionnaire https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reminder-sticker-attached-to-switch-plate-during-1u31ecdo.png Figure 1 Reminder sticker attached to switch plate during experiment (blue background with white letters) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-hours-of-light-usage-per-week-for-15-weeks-2g5qgatt.png Figure 4 Mean hours of light usage per-week for 15 weeks (open circles) with corrected values for the four-day work-weeks (closed circles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-hours-of-light-usage-per-week-for-two-groups-2tnczebo.png Figure 3 Mean hours of light usage per week for two groups (Group 1, solid circles; Group 2, open circles) over 15 weeks. Standard errors of means are indicated by vertical lines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-offices-by-group-and-building-1d6zurok.png Table 1 Distribution of offices by group and building. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-light-audior-supporting-bracket-and-reader-1464n223.png Figure 2 Light audior, supporting bracket and reader. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effectiveness-of-islamic-education-learning-with-2qzobfcf8h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-statistical-analysis-time-minutes-learning-outcomes-2jdu66ka.png Table 4. Statistical Analysis Time/Minutes Learning Outcomes of the Test Instrument Students in the Control Class https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-observation-results-of-the-effectiveness-of-1t735551.png Table 5. Observation Results of the Effectiveness of Experimental Class Learning (Pretest) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-u-spss-test-results-version-24-post-test-control-1wlm2ayy.png Table 10. U SPSS Test Results Version 24. Post Test Control Class and Experiment Class NPar Tests Mann-Whitney Test https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-observation-results-of-the-effectiveness-of-1vlw6qkm.png Table 6. Observation Results of the Effectiveness of Experimental Class Learning (Post-Test) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-recapitulation-of-quipper-school-learning-interest-2u131ryc.png Table 9. Recapitulation of Quipper School Learning Interest questionnaire results for the Experiment class https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observation-results-of-the-effectiveness-of-20thv3cd.png Table 1. Observation Results of the Effectiveness of Classroom Learning Control (Pretest) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-observation-results-of-the-effectiveness-of-2iqiydx4.png Table 2. Observation Results of the Effectiveness of Classroom Learning Control (post test) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-statistical-analysis-of-student-learning-outcomes-29e9kv59.png Table 7. Statistical Analysis of Student Learning Outcomes Test Instruments Experimental Classes https://scispace.com/papers/the-effectiveness-of-spinal-cord-injury-adl-inpatient-2tfb4gp0wp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-categories-and-psychometric-properties-of-the-2h63qhpj.png Table 2. Categories and psychometric properties of the measures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-four-papers-included-in-the-1fjscpif.png Table 1. Summary of the four papers included in the systematic review. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prisma-diagram-articles-selection-process-747r9n47.png Figure 1. PRISMA diagram articles selection process. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effectiveness-of-strategy-tools-narrative-facilitation-4cb5tv3gmo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-limitations-of-the-effectiveness-assessment-207oe1q3.png Table 4. Limitations of the effectiveness assessment https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-workshop-data-2e36tu6u.png Table 1. Workshop data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-prioritization-matrix-1fd2rtbi.png Figure 1. The prioritization matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-narrative-interview-guide-that-was-made-as-a-2ryn5zvc.png Table 2. The narrative interview guide that was made as a result of the sorting and labeling exercises https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-process-and-context-guide-to-accompany-the-narrative-bvkwde3o.png Table 3. Process and context guide to accompany the narrative interview guide https://scispace.com/papers/the-effectiveness-to-use-the-distribution-manifold-in-the-cn6pit4yq6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-changing-the-temperature-in-the-storage-tank-of-the-3n0wukz9.png Fig. 3. Changing the temperature in the storage tank of the accumulator depending on the heating time in the mode of circulation at constant G=0.2 l/min; I=300 W/m2, where ttank1…3, [°C] is the temperature changes at the appropriate levels in storage tank; ttank.mid, [°C] is average temperature of storage tank https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-change-of-speed-of-air-flow-direction-of-air-flow-and-tpa5np7t.png Fig. 5. Change of speed of air flow, direction of air flow and specific thermal power QSHSS, [kJ/m 2] with accumulation in the SHSS in the mode of circulation at constant G=0.2 l/min; I=300 W/m2; V=0.015 m3; b=30° https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-change-of-speed-of-air-flow-direction-of-air-flow-and-22tr3jzp.png Fig. 6. Change of speed of air flow, direction of air flow and specific thermal power of the solar wall in quality of a SC with the distribution manifold QSC, W/m 2 in the mode of circulation at constant G=0.2 l/min; I=500 W/m2; V=0.015 m3; b= 50° https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-changing-of-temperature-of-the-heat-carrier-due-5dbf7ej4.png Fig. 13. The changing of ∆ temperature of the heat carrier due to the research of solar walls with the distribution manifold in the circulation mode at the entrance ∆tinlet, °С, outlet ∆toutlet, °С the solar collector, the ambient temperature ∆toutside, °С and the average temperature of storage tank ∆ttank.mid, °C during the experiment at constant G=0.2 l/min; I=700 W/m 2; V=0.015 m3; https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-change-of-overall-efficiency-in-the-heart-of-collector-3w0fyoxf.png Fig. 8. Change of overall efficiency in the heart of collector of the system of heat solar supply ηSHSS overall, in the mode of circulation at constant G=0.2 l/min; I=500 W/m 2; V=0.015 m3; b=50° https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-change-of-efficiency-of-the-system-of-heat-solar-t1z81ff7.png Fig. 7. Change of efficiency of the system of heat solar supply behind the SC, ηSC, in the mode of circulation at constant G=0.2 l/min; I=700 W/m2; V=0.015 m3; а=30°; b=70°; v=3 m/sec https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-changing-the-heat-loss-factor-of-the-solar-wall-in-3j4rzlrr.png Fig. 11. Changing the heat loss factor of the solar wall in quality of a SC with the distribution manifold in the circulation mode at constant G=0.2 l/min; I=300 W/m2; V=0.015 m3; а=70°; b=70°; v=5 m/sec https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-changing-of-temperature-of-the-heat-carrier-due-3038e5lf.png Fig. 12. The changing of ∆ temperature of the heat carrier due to the research of solar walls with the distribution manifold in the circulation mode at the entrance ∆tinlet, °С, outlet ∆toutlet, °С the solar collector, the ambient temperature ∆toutside, °С and the average temperature of storage tank ∆ttank.mid, °C during the experiment at constant G=0.2 l/min; I=500 W/m 2; V=0.015 m3; https://scispace.com/papers/the-effectiveness-of-unconventional-monetary-policy-on-risk-5gmrj3owxs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-identification-of-an-unconventional-monetary-policy-25hn3cpx.png Table 2: Identification of an unconventional monetary policy shock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-median-impulse-responses-to-risk-aversion-shock-lxer37fl.png Figure 8: Median impulse responses to risk aversion shock together with the 68% confidence bounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-median-impulse-responses-to-uncertainty-shock-2t6uentg.png Figure 7: Median impulse responses to uncertainty shock together with the 68% confidence bounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-median-impulse-responses-to-balance-sheet-shock-2p63hf8n.png Figure 5: Median impulse responses to balance sheet shock together with the 68% confidence bounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-median-impulse-responses-to-policy-rate-shock-38c9bzau.png Figure 6: Median impulse responses to policy rate shock together with the 68% confidence bounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-median-impulse-responses-to-policy-rate-shock-2ahe2s83.png Figure 10: Median impulse responses to policy rate shock together with the 68% confidence bounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-median-impulse-responses-to-balance-sheet-shock-2d7crl13.png Figure 9: Median impulse responses to balance sheet shock together with the 68% confidence bounds. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-models-for-predictive-regressions-2ruiq0kn.png Table A.1: Models for predictive regressions https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-4-weeks-normobaric-hypoxia-training-on-2dv7nil4r5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hierarchical-linear-model-for-mvo2-perfusion-and-mbf-nafpwdk3.png Table 3 Hierarchical linear model for mV̇O2, perfusion and mBF https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-raw-data-95-lci-and-uci-mvo2-perfusion-and-mbf-1og22iau.png Table 2 mean raw data, 95% LCI and UCI mVO2, perfusion and mBF for exercise (pre and post) and 4 weeks recovery. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-legend-2ujxkwwh.png Figure 1 Legend https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participants-mean-sd-demographic-and-anthropometric-2mfzbjwe.png Table 1 participants mean ± SD demographic and anthropometric characteristics. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-a-6-week-unit-of-tactical-skill-or-combined-3fokliu9t8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summary-of-teacher-audiotapes-1lyn2bto.png Figure 1 - Summary of teacher audiotapes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-means-standard-deviations-and-f-values-for-measures-c3r3k8xh.png Table 4 Means, Standard Deviations, and F values for Measures of Game Play https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-and-standard-deviations-for-skill-tests-7fhkjf4v.png Table 2 Means and Standard Deviations for Skill Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-between-measures-of-game-play-1mwhxdb6.png Table 3 Correlations Between Measures of Game Play https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-relative-frequency-of-concepts-accessed-in-each-26z18lpg.png Table 6 Relative Frequency of Concepts Accessed in Each Major Category for Each Group During Game Play https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-concepts-and-examples-of-students-1j2a4nh0.png Table 5 Summary of Concepts and Examples of Students' Statements During Point Interviews https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-calculation-for-the-dependent-2llybj40.png Table 1 Summary of the Calculation for the Dependent Variables Calculated as Measures of Game Play https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-active-labor-market-programs-in-germany-an-2afysn5sc8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-share-of-treated-persons-entering-at-least-one-1xbyyrjf.png Figure 2 Share of treated persons entering at least one further program and of comparison persons entering at least one program during the 3 ½ years after March 2003 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-entries-and-average-stock-of-participants-in-2u6fn1tg.png Table 1 Entries and average stock of participants in selected labor market programs (in 1000) https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-variable-means-of-selected-attributes-0-no-1-yes-3rkevwei.png Table A.1 Variable means of selected attributes (0 = no, 1 = yes) for treated and potential comparison persons with (I) and without (II) participation in labor market measures during the 3 ½ years after March 2003 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-entry-into-further-programs-for-treated-and-matched-8yky5u4h.png Table 3 Entry into further programs for treated and matched comparison persons during the 3 ½ years after program entry in March 2003 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-estimated-effects-on-cumulated-days-in-regular-wc1c8hpu.png Figure 1 Estimated effects on cumulated days in regular employment 3 ½ years after program entry in March 2003 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-estimated-effects-on-cumulated-days-in-regular-ut9a7s04.png Figure A.1 Estimated effects on cumulated days in regular emplyoment during the 3 ½ years after program entry in March 2003 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cumulated-days-in-regular-employment-during-the-3-1-1mnsr1td.png Table 2 Cumulated days in regular employment during the 3 ½ years after program entry in March 2003 for treated persons (T) and matched comparison persons (C), average estimated treatment effects on the treated (ATT), mean standardized bias (MSB) before and after matching, bias reduction through matching, average duration of treatment and number of observations https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-adaptive-sequencing-algorithms-on-player-1qf8n0zczk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-here-data-is-presented-only-for-the-players-that-26102m8r.png Table 2. Here, data is presented only for the players that completed the posttest. Gain is significant from pre to post test over all conditions (p<.02, p<.01, p<.001) using a paired t-test. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-initial-conditions-of-experiment-1vaqfvpl.png Table 1. Initial conditions of experiment https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-acute-exercise-on-serum-adiponectin-and-4gcle7lacp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-characteristics-of-the-participants-2l733oqq.png Table 1 Physical characteristics of the participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dietary-analysis-prior-to-exercise-bout-and-for-the-znoecoss.png Table 2 Dietary analysis prior to exercise bout and for the next two consecutive days https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-effect-of-exercise-on-glucose-a-insulin-b-and-homa-2awqe8yn.png Fig. 1 The effect of exercise on glucose (a), insulin (b), and HOMA (c) levels. Data presented as mean (SEL). Asterisk indicates value significantly different compared to resting values https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pearsons-correlation-coefficients-at-rest-among-vtrajujd.png Table 3 Pearson’s correlation coefficients at rest among insulin sensitivity, adiponectin, resistin, cortisol, and variables related to body composition https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-effect-of-exercise-on-adiponectin-a-resistin-b-and-2v86w4ws.png Fig. 2 The effect of exercise on adiponectin (a), resistin (b) and cortisol (c) levels. Data presented as mean (SEM) https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-baicalein-and-baicalin-on-mitochondrial-2f3e7surke 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structures-of-flavones-chrysin-baicalein-and-baicalin-2q570hom.png Fig 1. Structures of flavones chrysin, baicalein and baicalin. 1166 1167 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-in-vitro-effects-of-baicalein-and-1qk78cgw.png Table 1. Summary of the in vitro effects of baicalein and baicalin on mitochondrial 1199 function and dynamics 1200 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-in-vivo-effects-of-baicalein-and-2tlezydn.png Table 2. Summary of the in vivo effects of baicalein and baicalin on mitochondrial 1205 function and dynamics 1206 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-summary-of-the-effects-of-baicalin-on-34s2yubj.png Figure 3. A summary of the effects of baicalin on mitochondrial function and dynamics 1188 and apoptosis. Baicalin improves mitochondrial function, i.e. augments ATP production 1189 and citrate synthase activity (which belongs to the tricarboxylic acid cycle – the so called 1190 Krebs cycle). Baicalin exerted antioxidant effects on mitochondria by decreasing ROS 1191 production and lipid peroxidation in mitochondrial membranes, as well as activating 1192 PGC-1α and up-regulating Mn-SOD and GPx1 expression. 1193 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-anti-corruption-videos-on-attitudes-toward-4n05ebcqni 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-1k50zkrg.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-treatment-effects-on-attrition-and-nonresponse-prt1hvkm.png Table 4. Treatment effects on attrition and nonresponse. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-treatment-frequencies-among-observations-with-1o41azqm.png Figure 1. Treatment frequencies among observations with observed outcomes. Note: 0 is control, 1 is treatment “he paid”, 2 “about corruption”. 3 “essays on ecology”. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-respondents-attitudes-opinions-toward-corruption-3mxnod0h.png Table 3. Respondents’ attitudes/opinions toward corruption after the treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-respondents-experience-with-corruption-1llz4b1e.png Table 2. Respondents’ experience with corruption. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-36ms0wg1.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-treatment-effects-mean-differences-yytub84i.png Table 7. Treatment effects (mean differences). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-p-values-of-machine-learning-based-tests-21yj0jwm.png Table 6. P-values of machine learning-based tests. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-biodegradable-and-plastic-film-mulching-on-36mml6mewe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistical-results-for-hydrus-2d-3d-calibration-27ccvumz.png Table 2 Statistical results for HYDRUS (2D/3D) calibration (2016) and validation (2017) for soil water contents (SWC) and NO3-N concentrations (NC) of different soil layers under different mulching scenarios (PFM, BFM, and NFM) and N-fertilizer applications (subscripts 140, 210, and 280 kg ha−1). RMSE, R2, and NSE are the root mean square error, the coefficient of determination, and the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cumulative-simulated-and-observed-no3-n-uptake-cnu-top-3sik6xdm.png Fig. 5. Cumulative simulated and observed NO3-N uptake (CNU, top) in 2016 (a) and 2017 (b) and cumulative NO3-N leaching (CNL, bottom) at depths of 100 cm in 2016 (c) and 2017 (d) under plastic film mulching (PFM280), biodegradable film mulching (BFM280), and no film mulching (NFM280) with an application of 280 kg ha−1 of the N-fertilizer, and biodegradable film mulching with applications of 210 kg ha−1 (BFM210) and 140 kg ha-1 (BFM140) of the N-fertilizer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-simulated-components-of-the-n-balance-observed-corn-3ritsfij.png Table 3 Simulated components of the N balance, observed corn yields, and the N use efficiency (NUE) under plastic film mulching (PFM280), biodegradable film mulching (BFM280), and no film mulching (NFM280) with an application of 280 kg ha−1 of the N-fertilizer, and biodegradable film mulching with applications of 210 kg ha-1 (BFM210) and 140 kg ha-1 (BFM140) of the N-fertilizer. NUE: yield (kg ha-1) divided by N uptake by crop (kg ha-1). Different letters in the same column indicate a significant difference (P<0.05) among treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulated-and-observed-no3-n-concentrations-nc-at-the-1meyny91.png Fig. 3. Simulated and observed NO3-N concentrations (NC) at the P1 position in the 0–10 (a, f), 10–20 (b, g), 20–40 (c, h), 40–60 (d, i) and 60−100 cm (e, j) soil depths in 2016 (left) and 2017 (right) under plastic film mulching (PFM280), biodegradable film mulching (BFM280), and no film mulching (NFM280) with an application of 280 kg ha−1 of the N-fertilizer, and biodegradable film mulching with applications of 210 kg ha−1 (BFM210) and 140 kg ha−1 (BFM140) of the N-fertilizer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-soil-physical-properties-and-soil-hydraulic-11ympejg.png Table 1 Soil physical properties and soil hydraulic parameters (the residual water content θr, the saturated water content θs, the shape parameters (α, n, and l), and the saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks) of the three soil layers of the experiment field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-geographical-location-of-the-experimental-field-a-13lrq00c.png Fig. 1. The geographical location of the experimental field (a), the modeling domain, boundary conditions, and locations of sensors (P1 and P2) (b), and the cropping pattern (c) under biodegradable film mulching (BFM). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulated-two-dimensional-no3-n-distributions-on-das-169o582i.png Fig. 4. Simulated two-dimensional NO3-N distributions on DAS 79 (top; 1 day before the N-fertilizer application), DAS 82 (2 day after the N-fertilizer application), DAS 116 (1 day before rainfall), and DAS 118 (bottom; 1 day after rainfall) under plastic film mulching (middle; PFM280), biodegradable film mulching (second left; BFM280), and no film mulching (left; NFM280) with an application of 280 kg ha−1 of the N-fertilizer, and under biodegradable film mulching with applications of 210 kg ha−1 (second right; BFM210) and 140 kg ha-1 (right; BFM140) of the N-fertilizer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-potential-evaporation-ep-potential-transpiration-tp-2zqdf7qo.png Fig. 2. Potential evaporation (Ep), potential transpiration (Tp), and precipitation (P) during the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-brief-passive-psychoeducation-on-suicide-4a1t84129f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-trimmed-model-p-05-p-01-3s33v3k9.png Figure 5. Trimmed model. * p < .05, ** p < .01 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hypothesized-mediated-mechanism-of-change-2zg0kxct.png Figure 3. Hypothesized mediated mechanism of change. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-twelve-month-prevalence-rates-of-suicide-behaviors-29qfgxm9.png Figure 1. Twelve-month prevalence rates of suicide behaviors among Latinos. The prevalence of various suicidal behaviors exhibits a funnel-like shape, with completed suicide being at the narrowest point of the funnel, and suicidal ideation being at the widest point (Suicide Prevention Resource Center, 2013). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-full-hypothesized-model-p-05-p-01-2ia4x7bb.png Figure 4. Full hypothesized model. * p < .05, ** p < .01 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-health-belief-model-2w1nkcjb.png Figure 2. The health belief model. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-co-innovation-on-the-value-time-curve-1kx0xuyp5x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regional-car-industry-performance-in-terms-of-3c-185fq2dq.png Table 1: Regional car industry performance in terms of 3C model indicators https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-results-for-the-three-cases-3d8zvetl.png Table 2: overview of results for the three cases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-imp-versus-market-share-time-to-market-and-total-2ckj6ksg.png Figure 3: IMP versus Market Share, Time-to-market and Total Product Quality. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-value-time-curve-beelaerts-verhagen-santema-1xaf18iq.png Figure 1: The value-time curve (Beelaerts, Verhagen, Santema, 2007) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pmp-versus-market-share-time-to-market-and-total-1wu24hed.png Figure 4: PMP versus Market Share, Time-to-market and Total Product Quality. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-imp-versus-pmp-15hux7u9.png Figure 5: IMP versus PMP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-theoretical-changes-in-value-time-curve-due-to-co-2yw0d9vb.png Figure 2: Theoretical changes in value-time curve due to co-innovation (adapted from Beelaerts, Amoa, Fiksińki (2007) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-indicative-value-time-plots-of-b787-a380-and-e-190-1i6ah4h6.png Figure 6: Indicative value-time plots of B787, A380 and E-190 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-co-colonising-ectomycorrhizal-fungi-on-4x2jzfxwqx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-the-number-of-primordia-and-wvd9i89b.png Table 2. Correlations between the number of primordia and sporocarps of Laccaria japonica and the biological parameters of seedlings of Pinus densiflora at 45 days, 62 days, and 1 year after seedlings were transplanted https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-time-of-first-appearance-of-primordia-and-tjb2c91f.png Table 1. The time of first appearance of primordia and sporocarps of Laccaria japonica in the different treatments https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-av8xcy5k.png Table 2. Correlations between the number of primordia and sporocarps of Laccaria japonica and the biological parameters of seedlings of Pinus densiflora at 45 days, 62 days, and 1 year after seedlings were transplanted https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-cooking-on-avian-eggshell-microstructure-22u3vb7h4v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-qualitative-descriptors-used-for-sem-images-of-2t1i2x2m.png Table 3. Qualitative descriptors used for SEM images of eggshell (Siddell, 1993). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sem-image-showing-side-view-of-raw-egg-top-and-fire-13amarxc.png Fig. 3. SEM image showing side view of raw egg (top), and Fire cooked egg 20 min (bottom). Note the delamination of the mammillary cone layer in the bottom image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-images-of-from-top-to-bottom-fire-cooked-egg-10-30onskje.png Fig. 2. SEM images of from top to bottom: Fire cooked egg 10 min, fire cooked egg 15 min, and fire cooked egg 20 min. Non-charred fragments are presented on left, charred fragments on right. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-common-egg-preparation-techniques-with-cultural-17s2rpee.png Table 1. Common egg preparation techniques with cultural references. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-images-of-from-top-left-to-bottom-right-raw-egg-tgxardbq.png Fig. 1. SEM Images of (from top left to bottom right) raw egg, boiled egg 3 min, boiled egg 12 min, and baked egg 20 min. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-dielectric-decrement-and-finite-ion-size-on-2ftvbskz1f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-panels-a-and-b-show-comparisons-of-the-diffuse-3hyr8o4w.png Figure 1: Panels (a) and (b) show comparisons of the diffuse layer capacitance Cd for the cases when only the steric effect (S), dielectric decrement (D), or dielectric saturation via Booth model (B) is taken into account, as well as for the simple Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) case. Panels (c) and (d) show comparisons of Cd for a combination of the steric effect with dielectric decrement (D+S) and a combination of the steric effect with dielectric saturation via the Booth model (B+S), along with the case when only the steric effect (S) is taken into account and with the simple PB case. Results are shown for the bulk ion concentrations c = 1 M and c = 10−3 M (curves shifted to the right). In the panels (a) and (c) we use α = 3 M−1, while in the panels (b) and (d) we use α = 12 M−1. In all cases the steric effect is treated via the BF model with a = 0.71 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-displacement-threshold-irradiation-energy-on-32ym4h1m6d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-labeling-energy-position-above-ev-and-capture-cross-1s7irblz.png Table 1. Labeling, energy position above EV and capture cross section (σ) for the seven detected levels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-isochronal-annealing-behavior-of-the-ee-and-ee-1sxb7i5m.png Figure 3. Isochronal annealing behavior of the EE and EE* traps for the 116 and 400 keV electron irradiated samples. The time step was of 15 min. The solid line represents a first order annealing process with an activation energy of 4.8 eV and a pre-exponential factor of 1013s−1. Dashed line represents the detection limit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dlts-spectra-of-the-a-as-irradiated-b-500-c-1100-d-1u1ejlts.png Figure 2. DLTS spectra of the (a) as-irradiated, (b) 500, (c) 1100, (d) 1300, (e) 1500 and (f) 1800 oC annealed 400 keV electron irradiated samples (period width 0.2 s). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dlts-spectra-of-the-a-as-irradiated-b-500-c-1100-d-1f9lqpm0.png Figure 1. DLTS spectra of the (a) as-irradiated, (b) 500, (c) 1100, (d) 1300, (e) 1500 and (f) 1800 oC annealed 116 keV electron irradiated samples (period width 0.2 s). In (a) the DLTS spectrum of the as-grown sample (magnified ×5) is added for comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-dividing-attention-on-smooth-pursuit-eye-2aoe4v60tj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1b-means-and-sems-of-the-log-rmse-under-different-ub240f2j.png Figure 1b: Means (and SEMs) of the log RMSE under different conditions in Experiment 1. Circles = Single Task Control, Triangles = non-spatial secondary task; squares = spatial secondary task. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1a-means-and-standard-error-of-the-means-sems-of-the-hs4vaxgi.png Figure 1b: Means (and SEMs) of the log RMSE under different conditions in Experiment 1. Circles = Single Task Control, Triangles = non-spatial secondary task; squares = spatial secondary task. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2b-means-and-sems-of-the-log-rmse-values-for-1b81fmil.png Figure 2b: Means (and SEMs) of the log RMSE values for Experiment 2. Hollow circles = single task control; hollow squares = random number control; filled squares = random number generation; hollow triangle = tapping control; filled triangle = tapping boustrophedon pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2a-means-and-sems-of-the-velocity-gain-values-for-2qy542nc.png Figure 2b: Means (and SEMs) of the log RMSE values for Experiment 2. Hollow circles = single task control; hollow squares = random number control; filled squares = random number generation; hollow triangle = tapping control; filled triangle = tapping boustrophedon pattern. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-employee-empowerment-on-employee-job-4xxkz2k3fe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-correlation-matrices-regarding-the-correlation-4gxtx7z8.png Table I. The correlation matrices regarding the correlation between job satisfaction and empowerment and its sub-dimensions (n ¼ 1; 854) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-findings-regarding-the-research-hypotheses-3a15bugy.png Figure 1. Findings regarding the research hypotheses https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-extended-public-transport-operating-hours-and-2ut33rg85g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-policies-of-24-hour-public-transport-pt-1am-venue-2maaraml.png Table 1, policies of 24 hour public transport (PT), 1am venue lockouts, and both. Changes in the number of verbal aggression incidents in public and private venues; the number of people ejected from public venues; and the prevalence of experiencing verbal aggression, consumption-related harms and transport-related harms. Disaggregated for Inner City (IC) residents, Outer Urban (OU) residents and the entire model population. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-results-of-simulating-various-public-transport-pt-3u15o5ik.png Figure 1: Results of simulating various public transport (PT) and venue lockout policies. The modelled number of incidents of verbal aggression in public venues, verbal aggression in private venues, and people being ejected from public venues among Inner City (IC) residents (left), Outer Urban (OU) residents (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-policies-of-a-two-hour-public-transport-pt-extension-1fi7r208.png Table 2, policies of a two-hour public transport (PT) extension, 3am venue lockouts, both, and 3am venue lockouts with 24 hour PT. Changes in the number of verbal aggression incidents in public and private venues; the number of people ejected from public venues; and the prevalence of experiencing verbal aggression, consumption-related harms and transport-related harms. Disaggregated for Inner City (IC) residents, Outer Urban (OU) residents and the entire model population. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-foreign-shocks-when-interest-rates-are-at-3mk9oaqbhj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-foreign-technology-shock-when-home-country-is-at-3bu2vb78.png Figure 8: Foreign Technology Shock when Home Country is at Zero Lower Bound https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calibration-3fvjatxk.png Table 1: Calibration∗ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-zero-lower-bound-binds-at-home-and-abroad-2yopsk45.png Figure 9: Zero Lower Bound Binds at Home and Abroad https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effects-of-foreign-consumption-shock-against-2axnx0up.png Figure 4: Effects of Foreign Consumption Shock against Backdrop of Deeper Domestic Recession https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effects-of-foreign-consumption-shock-against-175558qk.png Figure 3: Effects of Foreign Consumption Shock against Backdrop of Domestic Recession https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effects-of-foreign-consumption-shock-against-the-djw5hs29.png Figure 5: Effects of Foreign Consumption Shock against the Backdrop of Domestic Recession Alternative Monetary Policy Rules∗ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-alternative-preference-shock-to-discount-factor-1vaysyrn.png Figure 13: Alternative Preference Shock to Discount Factor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-reverberation-effects-when-both-countries-are-in-a-38mh5aq3.png Figure 10: Reverberation Effects when Both Countries are in a Liquidity Trap∗ https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-global-value-chain-gvc-participation-on-the-ubn3ygbk1n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-panel-estimates-period-1995-2015-by-income-groups-2ka5u5yb.png Table 2 Panel estimates (period 1995–2015) by income groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-panel-estimates-period-1995-2015-3ve2ba2o.png Table 1 Panel estimates (period 1995–2015) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plot-of-the-estimated-coefficients-and-the-224ptze0.png Figure 1 Plot of the estimated coefficients (and the respective confidence intervals) of the relationship between agriculture value added per worker and GVC participation in agriculture (panel a) and food (panel b) by geographical clusters (Western Europe is the benchmark category) – period 1995–2015 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2sls-estimates-1danig81.png Table 4 2SLS estimates https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-globalization-on-ecological-footprints-an-rs2k2fj286 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-domains-and-indicators-of-the-maastricht-2avp3pax.png Table 1 Domains and indicators of the Maastricht Globalization Index (MGI), adjusted from Figge and Martens (2014) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-effects-of-a-one-point-increase-in-17r6z3zx.png Table 5 Summary of % effects of a one-point increase in globalization on the footprints https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multivariate-regression-models-of-mgi-dimensions-and-weo2ur5y.png Table 4 Multivariate regression models of MGI dimensions and the Ecological Footprints under the control of GDP per capita and its squared term https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-spearmans-correlations-for-mgi-its-domains-the-3o09upms.png Table 2 Spearman’s correlations for MGI, its domains, the Ecological Footprint of consumption, exports, imports and production https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scatterplots-and-linear-regressions-of-the-mgi-and-the-30umk70k.png Fig. 1 Scatterplots and linear regressions of the MGI and the logarithm of a the Ecological Footprint of consumption, b the EF of exports, c of imports, d of production (n = 181) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multivariate-regression-models-of-the-mgi-the-1nhgobpx.png Table 3 Multivariate regression models of the MGI, the Ecological Footprint of consumption, exports, imports and production, controlling for GDP per capita and its squared expression https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-heavy-metal-concentrations-in-the-canakkale-2aupfe8htc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-heavy-metal-consantration-and-pollution-index-of-16om4ezs.png Table 3. Heavy metal consantration and Pollution Index of core samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-geographic-coordinates-and-other-properties-of-core-n9y985f9.png Table 1. Geographic coordinates and other properties of Core Samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-corelation-graphic-of-average-value-with-number-of-bv04ls6f.png Figure 2. Corelation graphic of average value with number of foraminifer genus and species https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-map-of-investigation-area-and-core-sample-3dwyo482.png Figure 1. Location map of investigation area and core sample location. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-foraminiferal-assemblages-of-core-samples-of-western-2ma2i1nx.png Table 2. Foraminiferal assemblages of core samples of western Marmara Sea (Cores 1-12). https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-healthy-aging-amnestic-mild-cognitive-4d931iufqx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-se-of-demographic-and-neuropsychological-2t54r12r.png Table 1 Means (and SE) of demographic and neuropsychological data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-and-se-of-hits-false-alarms-fa-on-rearranged-2l8f2pbm.png Table 2 Means (and SE) of hits, false alarms (FA) on rearranged and new pairs, and corrected e according to the groups and repetition conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-infrared-blocking-pigments-and-deck-venting-u299yjmbrt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-heat-flow-in-direct-to-deck-attachment-of-stone-5ivm2pxq.png Table 4. Heat flow in direct-to-deck attachment of stone-coated and painted metal roofs (Btu/ft2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-heat-transfer-phenomena-on-the-underside-of-an-offset-27yisr89.png Fig. 21. Heat transfer phenomena on the underside of an offset-mounted roof. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-setup-of-attic-assembly-showing-construction-materials-o5z9byti.png Fig. 7. Setup of attic assembly showing construction materials, instrumentation, and polyisocyanurate insulation used to isolate the attic from adjacent attics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-effect-on-heat-flow-of-shake-and-s-mission-28xnabrf.png Table 5. The effect on heat flow of shake and S-mission profile on stone-coated metal roofs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-instrumentation-used-on-underside-of-light-gray-stone-28ot4nk6.png Fig. 8. Instrumentation used on underside of light-gray stone-coated metal shake roof with IrBCPs for validating heat transfer correlations predicting the heat transfer driven by thermally induced airflows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-two-south-facing-assemblies-of-steep-slope-attics-were-226xr32p.png Fig. 3. Two south-facing assemblies of steep-slope attics were placed atop ESRA, and stone-coated metal shakes, S-mission tile, and painted metal shakes were installed by MCA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-envelope-systems-research-apparatus-esra-is-a-one-ocktbs4f.png Fig. 2. The envelope systems research apparatus (ESRA) is a one-story building for testing low- and steep-slope roof products. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-airflow-rate-and-bulk-velocity-measured-under-the-v4rdaas9.png Table 7. Airflow rate and bulk velocity measured under the stone-coated metal shake and S-mission roofs using tracer gas techniques https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-item-saliency-and-question-design-on-3g6t9p1bwa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-response-distributions-for-polar-point-versus-number-30kkrsyr.png Table 3. Response Distributions for Polar Point versus Number Box Formats With and Without the “Don’t Know” Response Option by Local Community Participation and Leadershipa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-forced-choice-versus-check-all-that-apply-formats-3ik6ifpv.png Figure 3. Forced Choice versus Check-All-That-Apply Formats https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measures-of-item-saliency-by-question-topic-and-2kz3jt1h.png Table 1. Measures of Item-Saliency by Question Topic and Experimental Design Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-response-distributions-for-polar-point-versus-number-1rzm2okz.png Table 2. Response Distributions for Polar Point versus Number Box Formats with and without the “Don’t Know” Option Includeda https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predicted-probabilities-for-the-interactions-2jto7nx9.png Figure 2. Predicted probabilities for the interactions between community participation and question format on responses net of demographics characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-mean-differences-in-the-number-of-words-provided-for-350okpna.png Table 6. Mean Differences in the Number of Words Provided for the Entire Sample and by Measure of Local Community Participation and Leadership Based on the Size of the Answer Box https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-negative-binominal-regression-models-for-the-effects-2b3tlowv.png Table 7. Negative Binominal Regression Models for the Effects of Local Community Participation, Leadership, Question Format, and Demographics Characteristics on Open-Ended Responsesa https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-proportional-odds-and-logistic-regression-models-for-yp647w9g.png Table 4. Proportional Odds and Logistic Regression Models for the Effects of Local Community Participation, Leadership, Question Format, and Demographics Characteristics on Responses https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-intracanal-irrigants-and-medicaments-on-uh45t922n9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-effect-of-the-most-used-irrigants-in-iz7lnrda.png Table 1 The effect of the most used irrigants in regenerative endodontics on dental stem cells https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-irrigants-and-medicaments-used-in-reps-divided-3rqqj1z7.png Fig. 3 The irrigants and medicaments used in REPs, divided according to their influence on stem cells. (+ combined; ◊ sequential) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effect-of-the-most-used-medicaments-in-1lwzcxi4.png Table 2 The effect of the most used medicaments in regenerative endodontics on dental stem cells https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-licence-disqualification-on-drink-drivers-is-1d2k88d2ux 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-offence-rates-per-1000-person-years-by-gender-for-2vi04xjx.png Table 4: Offence rates (per 1,000 person years) by gender for each licence period 200 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-offence-rate-ratios-by-gender-205-13i3cg9z.png Table 5: Offence rate ratios by gender 205 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-offence-rates-per-1000-person-years-by-bac-level-for-3gp3cwri.png Table 8: Offence rates (per 1,000 person years) by BAC level for each licence period 232 https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-offence-rate-ratios-by-crash-involvement-at-index-1rqm2qas.png Table 13: Offence rate ratios by crash involvement at index offence 294 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-offence-rates-per-1000-person-years-for-all-1msu8919.png Table 2: Offence rates (per 1,000 person years) for all offenders for each licence period 185 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-offence-rate-ratios-all-drink-drivers-192-2tdnc0l0.png Table 3: Offence rate ratios all drink-drivers 192 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-offence-rate-ratios-by-age-group-223-1yaewqqq.png Table 7: Offence rate ratios by age group 223 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-offence-rates-per-1000-person-years-by-repeat-1yr9jaak.png Table 10: Offence rates (per 1,000 person years) by repeat offender status at index for each 256 licence period 257 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-lateral-meniscal-allograft-transplantation-3oujmaivgr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-posterolateral-tibial-laxity-arises-from-a-combination-2gi4kp6p.png Fig. 4. Posterolateral tibial laxity arises from a combination of posterior translation, plus tibial external rotation (from Amis [2], with permission) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-medial-aspect-of-right-knee-as-the-knee-flexes-the-324k0b45.png Fig. 8. Medial aspect of right knee. As the knee flexes, the posteromedial capsule slackens (black arrow) and is carried deep to the posterior border of the superficial MCL. The semimembranosus tendon (white arrow) pulls the capsule proximally, thus keeping it slack where it crosses the joint line. The long superficial MCL remains tight https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-medial-aspect-of-left-knee-when-the-knee-is-extended-33kh7tvk.png Fig. 7. Medial aspect of left knee. When the knee is extended, the fibres of the posteromedial capsule are tensed from the medial epicondyle (top arrow) to the posterior rim of the tibial plateau (bottom arrow) and are aligned to resist both tibial posterior draw and internal rotation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-the-anterior-meniscofemoral-ligament-of-humphry-37bosyzv.png Fig. 10. a The anterior meniscofemoral ligament of Humphry viewed in the flexed right knee after ACL excision and tibia subluxed anteriorly. The aMFL fibres slant across the distal surface of the PCL, which has its fibres aligned in a sagittal plane. The MFL attaches close to the articular cartilage and posterodistally to the lateral meniscus. The distal attachment is hidden by the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-contributions-to-resisting-tibial-abduction-valgus-3p008kee.png Fig. 9. Contributions to resisting tibial abduction (valgus) rotation, at 5 and 25 degrees knee flexion. Note that flexion slackened the posterior capsule, decreasing its role (from Grood et al. [14], with permission) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-knee-viewed-from-posteromedial-aspect-after-removal-of-1q386688.png Fig. 1. Knee viewed from posteromedial aspect, after removal of the lateral femoral condyle. The PCL has been split artificially into two functional bundles: anterolateral, which attaches to the roof of the femoral intercondylar notch, and posteromedial, which attaches to the medial side of the notch (from Race and Amis [38], with permission) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-rupture-of-the-posterolateral-structures-caused-35v2uhmo.png Fig. 5. Rupture of the posterolateral structures caused posterior tibial draw laxity at 100 N to increase greatly in the extended knee, but only a little at 90 degrees knee flexion (I. Hijazi et al., unpublished) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-variation-of-tibial-posterior-translation-with-knee-js00ygn9.png Fig. 2. Variation of tibial posterior translation with knee flexion, for a force of 100 N, for the knee when intact and after PCL rupture (from Amis [2], with permission) https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-low-intensity-cycling-on-cognitive-29exobgoeo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effects-of-sleep-deprivation-27zty37f.png Table 2. Effects of sleep deprivation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-of-the-intervention-2k6fiarm.png Table 3. Effects of the intervention. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-testing-protocol-with-a-visual-display-of-the-wk95811c.png Fig. 1. Testing protocol with a visual display of the cognitive (COG) testing battery including Sternberg memory tasks (Control, LTR, PLUS) and psychomotor vigilance tasks (PVTa, PVTB) in testing order with examples for the Sternberg memory task indicating situations when the participant should respond that the letters match. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-number-of-false-alarms-and-b-lapses-during-15cgo65d.png Fig. 3. a) Number of false alarms and (b) lapses during psychomotor vigilance tasks (PVTa, PVTb) at baseline (COG1) and after 24 h of sleep dep (COG2). Error bar reflect standard error (n = 24). **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-demographics-26nsm6ug.png Table 1. Participant demographics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-reaction-time-during-psychomotor-vigilance-tasks-pvta-azxk3vp3.png Fig. 2. Reaction time during psychomotor vigilance tasks (PVTa, PVTb) and Sternberg memory tasks (CTL, LTR, PLUS) at baseline (COG1) and after 24 h of sleep deprivation (COG2). Error bars reflect standard error (n = 24). **p < 0.01. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-mandatory-seatbelt-laws-on-seatbelt-use-motor-3ssgcm7gpz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-descriptive-statistics-c0ij48cr.png Table 6: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-falsification-exercises-on-placebo-outcomes-1991-16am64tp.png Table 4: Falsification Exercises on Placebo Outcomes 1991-2005 National, State, and Local YRBS https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-robustness-analyses-fatalities-and-injuries-fars-1c1xn8m3.png Table 8: Robustness Analyses: Fatalities and Injuries FARS 1991-2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mandatory-seatbelt-laws-and-alternative-measures-of-v0tx0ijq.png Table 3: Mandatory Seatbelt Laws and Alternative Measures of Youth Seatbelt Use – National YRBS Data 1991-2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-mandatory-seatbelt-laws-traffic-fatalities-and-crash-2g0kbctd.png Table 7: Mandatory Seatbelt Laws, Traffic Fatalities, and Crash-Related Injuries FARS 1991-2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1a-descriptive-statistics-lbwmj7up.png Table 1b: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1b-descriptive-statistics-i28toa7m.png Table 1b: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mandatory-seatbelt-laws-and-infrequent-seatbelt-use-14rmmqx9.png Table 2: Mandatory Seatbelt Laws and Infrequent Seatbelt Use – Local and State YRBS Data 1993-2005 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-multimodal-collaboration-technology-on-280noo9kc3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1a0bjiaa.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-mrq-subscale-scores-for-team-role-and-2g8tyofx.png Figure 4. Mean MRQ subscale scores for team role and communication modality https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-tws-subscale-scores-as-a-function-of-team-role-139n68v8.png Figure 5. Mean TWS subscale scores as a function of team role https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-nasa-tlx-subscale-scores-for-communication-fq9hpmp8.png Figure 3. Mean NASA-TLX subscale scores for communication modality https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-nasa-tlx-subscale-scores-for-number-of-enemy-2ozdwghe.png Figure 2. Mean NASA-TLX subscale scores for number of enemy targets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-of-a-picture-chat-message-directives-are-1tnvgfwy.png Figure 1. An example of a Picture Chat message. Directives are communicated to teammates in a visual manner by connecting assets and targets with lines and task-relevant symbols. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-long-duration-spaceflight-on-sensorimotor-jzab6k8ihg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-direct-effects-of-the-microgravity-environment-419-cp9h8v8d.png Table 4: Direct effects of the microgravity environment 419 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-note-results-from-the-statistical-model-evaluating-2p823fby.png Table 3 Note. Results from the statistical model evaluating the recovery from spaceflight effects of days returned, 410 age, sex and flight duration. Values that are bolded and underlined were significant and survived the Benjamini-411 Hochberg FDR correction. Values underlined and italicized were significant, but did not survive the correction. 412 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-note-here-we-present-the-results-from-the-2r11oput.png Table 4: Direct effects of the microgravity environment 419 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effects-of-duration-aboard-the-iss-427-39dgzrna.png Table 5: Effects of duration aboard the ISS 427 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-note-l-60-refers-to-the-pre-flight-data-collection-17cxqavz.png Table 1 Note. L-60 refers to the pre-flight data collection point acquired at approximately 60 days prior to launch. FD 291 days refers to the approximate flight day during the astronaut’s mission on which they performed the task. R+ days 292 refers to the number of days following landing. All tasks were collected pre-flight (at L-60) and post-flight (at R+4, 30, 293 90 and 180). Cube rotation and DTC were also conducted while in-flight (FD30, 90 and 180). The two balance tasks 294 (SOT-5 and SOT-5M) had one additional collection time point immediately following return (at R+1). The measure 295 column refers to the primary outcome metric(s) of interest used in our statistical models. 296 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effects-of-the-microgravity-environment-366-3guc8ds7.png Table 2: Effects of the microgravity environment 366 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tasks-and-data-collection-time-points-290-kwmwnqmt.png Table 1 Note. L-60 refers to the pre-flight data collection point acquired at approximately 60 days prior to launch. FD 291 days refers to the approximate flight day during the astronaut’s mission on which they performed the task. R+ days 292 refers to the number of days following landing. All tasks were collected pre-flight (at L-60) and post-flight (at R+4, 30, 293 90 and 180). Cube rotation and DTC were also conducted while in-flight (FD30, 90 and 180). The two balance tasks 294 (SOT-5 and SOT-5M) had one additional collection time point immediately following return (at R+1). The measure 295 column refers to the primary outcome metric(s) of interest used in our statistical models. 296 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-note-results-from-the-statistical-model-evaluating-1w65q8ol.png Table 2: Effects of the microgravity environment 366 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-myd88-deficiency-on-disease-phenotype-in-jjfoyj07yn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-immunohistochemical-staining-of-the-mononuclear-3d17op5y.png Figure 4. Immunohistochemical staining of the mononuclear cell infiltrate in ssRNA- or saline-treated muscles. Cryostat sections of muscles injected with ssRNA (A: WT; C: A/J; E: double-deficient) or saline (B: WT; D: A/J; F: double-deficient) were immunostained for CD11b (green) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Bar= 200µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-analysis-of-opn-expression-in-muscles-injected-with-tr0t703v.png Figure 5. Analysis of OPN expression in muscles injected with either ssRNA or saline. (A) Real-time PCR was performed on cDNA synthesized from RNA extracted from muscle samples injected with either saline or ssRNA in WT, A/J, and double-deficient muscles. The C t values were used to calculate OPN gene expression in ssRNA-treated muscles normalized to HPRT , relative to the normalized level of OPN expression in saline-treated muscles. (B) ELISA detection of OPN levels in saline- and ssRNA-injected muscles of A/J mice. Data are presented as means ± SEM (n = 4 animals from each treatment and genotype). *p ≤ 0.05 and ***p ≤ 0.001; the randomization reallocation test was used for comparison of ssRNA-treated and saline-treated muscles in A. Unpaired Student’s t-test was used for comparisons in B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-histomorphometric-analysis-of-the-muscle-sections-3qfsyuzg.png Figure 6. Histomorphometric analysis of the muscle sections injected with either saline or ssRNA. (A) Comparison of the number of degenerating fibres by counting the total number of degenerating fibres per field for muscles injected with either saline or ssRNA from each genotype (WT, A/J, and double-deficient mice). (B) Comparison of the number of embryonic myosin heavy chain-positive fibres per muscle between muscles injected with either saline or ssRNA for each genotype. Data are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 4 animals from each treatment and genotype). *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, and ***p ≤ 0.001; unpaired Student’s t-test was used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-membrane-breaches-in-dysferlin-deficient-skeletal-1144hani.png Figure 7. Membrane breaches in dysferlin-deficient skeletal muscle release damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), which include endogenous TLR ligands such as ssRNA and ATP. These ligands bind to their respective receptors (ssRNA to TLR-7/8 and ATP to P2x7 receptor; step 1). Signalling through these receptors activates the inflammasome pathway in skeletal muscle as well as immune cells, leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, TNF OPN (step 2). These cytokines activate immune cells and exacerbate the inflammatory response and damage to skeletal muscle, leading to a self-sustaining disease. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-histological-parameters-in-the-1fifmlgy.png Table 1. Comparison of histological parameters in the quadriceps muscles of A/J mice and double-deficient mice at 6–8 months of age https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-improved-body-weight-and-muscle-function-in-double-3oip6ukg.png Figure 1. Improved body weight and muscle function in double-deficient mice. Body weight and muscle strength were compared at 2 months (pre-symptomatic) and 6–8 months (symptomatic) and expressed as percentage change relative to WT. Double-deficient mice showed improved body weight (A; n= 6 & 6 (A/J & double deficient) at 2 months; n= 6 (A/J) and n= 3 (double deficient) at 6–8 months), increased forelimb grip strength (B; n= 14 (A/J) & 4 (double deficient) at 2 months; n= 6 (A/J) and n= 3 (double deficient) at 6–8 months), and maximum contractile force (C; n= 4 & 3 (A/J & double deficient) at 2 and 6–8 months) but no difference in in vitro specific force (D; n= 4 (A/J) & 3 (double deficient) at 2 months; n= 6 & 6 (A/J & double deficient) at 6–8 months) at 6–8 months of age when compared to A/J mice. Data are expressed as means ± S.E.M. (n= at least 3 animals from each genotypes). **p ≤ 0.01, ****p ≤ 0.0001; unpaired Student’s t-test for comparisons within each age group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-quantitation-of-mononuclear-cell-infiltrates-in-the-34y69jsq.png Figure 3. Quantitation of mononuclear cell infiltrates in the H&E-stained sections of WT, A/J, and double-deficient mice. Representative H&E-stained transverse sections from ssRNAinjected (A: WT; C: A/J; E: double-deficient) and saline-injected (B: WT; D: A/J; F: double-deficient) TA muscles. (G) Quantitation of the inflammatory area in muscle sections injected with either ssRNA or saline in WT, A/J, and double-deficient mice. Data are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 4 animals from each treatment and genotype). *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, and ***p ≤ 0.001; unpaired Student’s t-test for comparisons indicated by lines above the bars. Bar= 200µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-analysis-of-tlr-7-and-tlr-8-gene-expression-in-31dyzn23.png Figure 2. Analysis of TLR-7 and TLR-8 gene expression in noninjected muscles of WT, A/J, and double-deficient mice. cDNA was synthesized and used as a template for real-time PCR analysis. The C t values were used to calculate TLR-7 and TLR-8 gene expression in A/J and double deficient mice, normalized to HPRT , relative to WT mice at both 2 and 6–8 months. Data are presented as means ± SEM (n = at least 3 animals). *p ≤ 0.05 and ***p ≤ 0.001; the randomization reallocation test was used for comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-n-enriched-rain-and-warmer-soil-on-the-4xqqp5cq8m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-soil-description-of-the-two-studied-sites-3f3rf8u0.png Table 1 Soil description of the two studied sites https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-c-and-n-content-and-exchangeable-cations-of-the-3itxoytd.png Table 2 C and N content and exchangeable cations of the organic horizon measured after 3 years of treatment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-soil-temperature-in-control-black-line-and-heated-gray-3rdq0n6b.png Fig. 2 Soil temperature in control (black line) and heated (gray line) trees and relative differential in BER and SIM during the 3 years of experiment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-proportion-of-vital-and-ecm-root-tips-and-number-of-p7qj6kvy.png Fig. 3 Proportion of vital and ECM root tips and number of morphotypes per soil core recorded on black spruce in BER and SIM after 3 years of treatment reported as mean ± standard error. C control, H heated, N N enriched,NH combined treatment https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-f-values-resulting-from-the-type-iii-tests-of-fixed-3q3927wc.png Table 3 F values resulting from the type III tests of fixed effects for GLMM and GLM models, where H and N correspond to the heating and N enrichment treatments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-canonical-discriminant-analysis-of-the-most-frequent-ln69elep.png Fig. 4 Canonical discriminant analysis of the most frequent morphotypes identified in root tips of black spruce in BER and SIM after 3 years of treatment. C control, H heated, N N enriched, NH combined treatment https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relative-frequency-percent-of-the-41-morphotypes-o9y9r4i7.png Table 4 Relative frequency (percent) of the 41 morphotypes detected on black spruce in BER and SIM after 3 years of treatment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-design-in-ber-and-simwith-the-location-of-1y0x90lf.png Fig. 1 Experimental design in BER and SIMwith the location of control (C), heated (H) and Nenriched (N) trees. NH corresponds to trees subject to the combined treatment https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-native-and-modified-clupeine-on-the-structure-38fx8yldk0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1a-the-binding-of-prodan-to-native-and-modified-tl0n6oun.png Figure 1A. The binding of PRODAN to native and modified clupeine. The surface hydrophobicity of the native and modified clupeine was measured using an uncharged probe, PRODAN. A PRODAN standard curve was developed which was used to measure the amount of probe bound to the clupeine samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-reflectivity-curves-and-sld-profiles-from-d-h-dppc-2kxia5m0.png Figure 4. Reflectivity curves and SLD profiles from d/h-DPPC:h-PPC lipid bilayer. A. 786 Reflectivity data for the h-DPPC:h-PPC bilayer lipids in D2O (gray), SMW (red), and H2O (black) 787 containing native clupeine. The corresponding fits are shown as lines, D2O (black), SMW (black), 788 and H2O (blue). B. Reflectivity data for the h-DPPC:h-PPC bilayer lipids in D2O (grey), SMW 789 (blue), and H2O (pink) containing CHD-treated clupeine. The fits are shown as black lines for all 790 contrasts. C. SLD profiles for the bilayer in water contrast in the presence of native clupeine. The 791 data are plotted as points with error bars and the fits are represented as a black line. SLD profile 792 for bilayer in water contrast in the presence of CHD-treated clupeine. The data are plotted as points 793 with error bars and the fits are represented as a blue line. The greater degree of hydration in the 794 lipid head group region in the presence of CHD-treated clupeine compared to the native peptide is 795 observed as a broader peak in Figure 4 D compared to Figure 4 C. 796 *Note that PPC is the abbreviation of PE:PG:CL. 797 798 799 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-neutron-and-x-ray-reflectometry-profiles-and-model-8brsf5ke.png Figure 3. Neutron and X-ray reflectometry profiles and model data fits, and corresponding SLD 760 profiles after equilibrium adsorption of CHD-treated clupeine. (A) Reflectivity of PE:PG:CL 761 monolayer in NRW with adsorbed CHD-treated clupeine on the deuterated lipid in (purple) and 762 the hydrogenated lipid in (black). The bare lipid with no peptide is shown in blue and the 763 experimental data are represented with error bars whereas the best fit simulated data are 764 represented as lines. The SLD profile as a function of distance from the interface as determined 765 from the fit is shown in (B). 766 767 *Note that PPC is the abbreviation of PE:PG:CL. 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structural-parameters-obtained-from-the-three-layer-2lk1cgty.png Table 1 Structural parameters obtained from the three layer model fits of native and CHD-800 treated clupeine (0.48 µM) adsorbed to PPC monolayers. The fits were repeated three times. 801 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-best-fit-values-and-error-estimates-of-1w34klv5.png Table 2. Best fit values and error estimates of asymmetrically deposited bare h-DPPC (inner 810 leaflet) E. coli PPC (outer leaflet) bilayer deposited on a silicon surface and the bilayer in the 811 presence of native and CHD-treated clupeine. 812 813 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-neutron-and-x-ray-reflectometry-profiles-and-model-7fo1efna.png Figure 2. Neutron and X-ray reflectometry profiles and model data fits, and corresponding SLD 735 profiles after equilibrium adsorption of native clupeine. (A) Reflectivity of PPC lipid monolayer 736 in NRW with adsorbed native clupeine on the deuterated lipid in (red) and the hydrogenated lipid 737 in (black) is plotted against Qz (Å-1), the momentum transfer. The bare lipid with no peptide is 738 shown in blue and the experimental data are represented with error bars whereas the best fit 739 simulated data are represented as continuous lines. The SLD profile as a function of distance from 740 the interface as determined from the fit is shown in (B). 741 742 *Note that PPC is the abbreviation of PE:PG:CL. 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-surface-pressure-versus-time-plot-for-chd-treated-1p4vulud.png Figure 1A. The binding of PRODAN to native and modified clupeine. The surface hydrophobicity of the native and modified clupeine was measured using an uncharged probe, PRODAN. A PRODAN standard curve was developed which was used to measure the amount of probe bound to the clupeine samples. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-overlearning-and-distributed-practise-on-the-25nifmglex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-practise-schedule-for-experiment-1-b-test-results-1010j2or.png Figure 1. (A) Practise Schedule for Experiment 1. (B) Test Results for Experiment 1. Error bars reflect plus or minus one standard error. (C) Practise Schedule for Experiment 2. (D) Test Results for Experiment 2. Error bars reflect plus or minus one standard error. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-policy-expectations-on-crop-supply-with-an-4qixkmvpq7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-values-used-in-the-simulations-mudlz1lf.png Table 1. Parameter Values Used in the Simulations https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-prices-advertising-expenditures-and-5c1v6iwl8k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-real-monthly-advertising-expenditures-on-selected-2yq4srtg.png Figure 1. Real Monthly Advertising Expenditures on Selected Nonalcoholic Beverages, 1999–2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-2wxcda0o.png Table 1. (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-u-s-average-monthly-household-purchases-of-selected-3g97ckrn.png Figure 2. U.S. Average Monthly Household Purchases of Selected Nonalcoholic Beverages, 1999–2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-net-effect-of-price-expenditure-advertising-and-1boy9zxc.png Table 6. Net Effect of Price, Expenditure, Advertising, and Demographics on Demand for Nonalcoholic Beverages during Select Periods https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-long-run-elasticities-of-demand-with-respect-to-1lndfmjr.png Table 5. Long-run Elasticities of Demand with Respect to Demographic Composition https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tests-of-autocorrelation-and-restrictions-e4o6n0aq.png Table 2. Tests of Autocorrelation and Restrictions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-of-variables-1999-2010-2a85wc84.png Table 1. (continued) https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-propranolol-on-heart-rate-variability-and-20p0i0jcbs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pain-rating-to-a-constant-48-degc-heat-stimulus-and-to-29oh0218.png Fig. 3: Pain rating to a constant 48 °C heat stimulus and to an offset analgesia (OA) paradigm applied to healthy males subjects after administration of either propranolol or placebo. *Indicates p < 0.05 comparing the constant heat stimulus to the OA-paradigm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-temporal-summation-of-pain-for-healthy-male-subjects-3pq4srxq.png Fig. 2: Temporal summation of pain for healthy male subjects administered propranolol and placebo. Temporal summation of pain was assessed by 10 identical pressure stimuli and the mean VAS score was calculated in the interval from the first to the end of the fourth stimulus (VAS-I) and in the interval from the eighth to the end of the tenth stimulus (VAS-II). Temporal summation of pain was defined as the difference between VAS-I and VAS-II. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cuff-pressure-detection-cpdt-and-tolerance-threshold-cc5cgvcp.png Fig. 1: Cuff pressure detection (cPDT) and tolerance threshold (cPTT) assess on the (A) non-dominant and the (B) dominant lower leg assessed by cuff algometry for healthy males subjects following administration of propranolol and placebo. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-and-standard-deviation-sd-of-heart-rate-and-1ljvprx9.png Table 1: Mean and standard deviation (SD) of heart rate and blood pressure measures 2 h after administration of propranolol or placebo in 25 healthy male subjects. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-unconditioned-cuff-pressure-detection-threshold-cpdt-jm5u2b5l.png Fig. 4: Unconditioned cuff pressure detection threshold (cPDT) and conditioned cPDT with (A) cuff algometry or (B) the cold pressor test (CPT). *Indicates p < 0.05 comparing conditioned cPDT to unconditioned cPDT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-measures-of-heart-rate-variability-a-c-and-skin-jbq4a9f4.png Fig. 5: Measures of heart rate variability (A–C) and skin conductance (D) at baseline and during conditioning pain from cuff algometry and the cold pressor test (CPT). IBI, The mean inter beat interval; rMSSD, the root mean squared difference of successive R–R intervals; pNN50, the percentage of adjacent cycles that are greater than 50 ms apart. #Indicate p < 0.05 comparing propranolol to placebo and *indicate p < 0.05 comparing conditioning stimuli to baseline. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-quantitative-gait-assessment-and-botulinum-yr83s7u3ts 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-characteristics-of-424-children-with-cerebral-palsy-3e1uaajh.png TABLE I Characteristics of 424 Children with Cerebral Palsy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-kaplan-meier-survival-curves-with-the-occurrence-of-383b9lmq.png Fig. 2 Kaplan-Meier survival curves, with the occurrence of the first surgical procedure as the end point, for all 424 patients. The survival rate was significantly different among the three groups for the ages of three to nine years (p<0.0001, log-rank test). The standard error of the KaplanMeier estimates was 0.48 for Group 1, 0.71 for Group 2, and 0.11 for Group 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-frequency-distributions-for-patients-who-underwent-wkn8qtpr.png Fig. 1 Frequency distributions for patients who underwent surgery at different ages. There was a significant decrease in the frequency of surgery for Group 3 as compared with Group 1 (p < 0.005) for the age of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-frequency-distributions-for-patients-who-underwent-iew1znuk.png Fig. 3 Frequency distributions for patients who underwent single-level surgery (Achilles tendon lengthening) and multiple-level surgery at different ages. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-recreational-and-commercial-navigation-on-2dynbjk8wr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-river-2uufo5np.png Fig. 2. River- https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-resource-subsidy-duration-in-a-detritus-based-3pnattmoq0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-effects-of-treatments-on-total-abundances-of-2vpjxvpo.png Figure 3 The effects of treatments on total abundances of benthic invertebrates (a) and leaf 490 break-down rate (b) in the st. Azodani and st. Mizukoshi. 491 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-effects-of-treatments-on-individual-growth-rate-253rduik.png Figure 2 The effects of treatments on individual growth rate (mean ± SE, n = 4) (a), coefficient 484 of variation for body size (b) and distribution of body size (c) of masu salmon. In the panel (b), 485 points represent the CVs in each mesocosm (n = 4). In the panel (c), a vertical dashed line shows 486 the average body size of mature males and females in the studied population (Sato et al. 487 unpublished data). 488 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-glmm-models-for-ingestion-rates-of-2ue6d7ij.png Table 1. Results of GLMM models for ingestion rates of mealworms (a) and benthic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-effects-of-treatments-on-the-ingestion-rates-a8kqghd1.png Figure 1 The effects of treatments on the ingestion rates (mean ± SE, n = 4) of mealworms (a) 479 and benthic invertebrates (b) by large and small masu salmons, respectively. 480 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-simulation-training-with-hybrid-model-for-5530ofqawf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-perception-of-satisfaction-on-simulation-practice-2jrryo8s.png Figure 1. A perception of satisfaction on simulation practice in the experimental group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-general-and-nursing-practice-related-characteristics-30ghjn2s.png Table 1. General and Nursing Practice-related Characteristics (N=180) https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-school-entry-laws-on-educational-attainment-463leisdb0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-3-starting-wage-by-birth-month-linear-trend-zcej38b3.png Figure A.3. Starting Wage by Birth Month - Linear Trend https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-the-effect-of-the-school-entry-law-on-subsequent-3r00cnac.png Table VI. The Effect of the School Entry Law on Subsequent Wages https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-2-distribution-of-the-education-of-the-mother-1r8lwdvz.png Figure A.2. Distribution of the education of the mother across Children’s Birth Months https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-distribution-of-parental-socioeconomic-status-39alztje.png Figure A.1. Distribution of Parental Socioeconomic Status across Birth Months https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-the-effect-of-the-school-entry-law-on-the-type-of-3v8hz6us.png Table IV. The Effect of the School Entry Law on the Type of Entry Job https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-statistics-17wc5ngj.png Table I. — Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-the-effect-of-the-school-entry-law-on-educational-12ata5x0.png Table V. The Effect of the School Entry Law on Educational Attainment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-austrian-education-system-1w5768wp.png Figure 1. — The Austrian Education System https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-sector-reforms-on-the-productivity-of-greek-23cowkkeqb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-greek-banks-1987-1988-1989-1990-1991-1992-1jhb2rda.png Table 1 List of Greek banks 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Total https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-productivity-change-results-380t1kr4.png Table 2 Productivity change results https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-sleep-extension-and-sleep-hygiene-advice-on-4sfndcisc6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-means-and-standard-deviations-of-self-reported-sleep-fae1yszt.png Table 3 Means and standard deviations of self-reported sleep problems and depressive symptoms for the sleep extension group and the control group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-changes-in-bedtimes-and-sleep-onset-times-for-the-5opcciwp.png Figure 2 Changes in bedtimes and sleep onset times for the sleep extension group and the control group separately https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graphic-illustration-of-the-experiment-3f4zcfnd.png Figure 1 Graphic illustration of the experiment https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-smoking-in-young-adulthood-on-smoking-and-56b9z017my 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-lottery-based-estimates-of-the-health-effects-of-4k0p5c4m.png Table 6: Lottery-based estimates of the health effects of Vietnam-era military service. Controls are cohort dummies, age dummies, birth-month dummies, and race. Instruments are birth cohort interacted with draft eligibility. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-sample-proportions-of-veterans-and-draft-eligible-37ujwher.png Table 7: Sample proportions of veterans and draft eligible men. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-probability-of-starting-to-smoke-regularly-by-age-q0ainuz5.png Figure 3: Probability of starting to smoke regularly by age https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proportion-of-men-born-in-1951-and-1952-who-entered-pvdgx9wa.png Figure 2: Proportion of men born in 1951 and 1952 who entered the military between July 1970 and December 1973, by draft lottery number. Whites only. Data source: Defense Manpower Data Center, provided to us by Joshua Angrist. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-draft-eligibility-cutoff-number-by-birth-cohort-and-11ut4ko9.png Table 1: Draft eligibility cutoff number by birth cohort and year. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sample-proportions-of-vietnam-era-veterans-and-3uhasj2p.png Table 2: Sample proportions of Vietnam era veterans and smokers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-proportion-of-current-smokers-by-lottery-3akuirur.png Figure 1: Sample proportion of current smokers by lottery number group and birth cohort https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reduced-form-estimates-of-the-effect-of-draft-1405e8vc.png Table 3: Reduced form estimates of the effect of draft eligibility, and Wald estimates of the effect of military service. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-social-structure-and-sex-biased-transmission-102pjapp2j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-model-predictions-of-the-sex-ratio-of-individuals-4sgvzntp.png Fig. 4. Model predictions of the sex ratio of individuals infected with the macroparasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus in a wild rodent population. The dynamics were simulated (1000 simulations) on a transmission network and given an increasing strength of male-biased transmission, which ranged from zero to ten times greater than female transmission. When the sex-ratio is equal the model captures the empirical dynamics of the system. The dotted lines indicate the 95% confidence intervals and the solid line the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-prevalence-of-the-macroparasite-heligmosomoides-212z7bnv.png Fig. 3. Prevalence of the macroparasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus in a wild rodent population (Apodemus flavicollis) according to simulated dynamics in a population where the mixing by sex is dissasortative and where the strength of male-biased transmission (c) ranged from zero to ten times greater than female transmission. Each shown level of male-biased transmission is the result of 1000 simulations from 6 different networks. The dotted lines indicate the 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-assortativity-coefficient-r-by-sex-over-time-for-a-16lk7laj.png Fig. 2. Assortativity coefficient (r), by sex, over time for a wild rodent population, with 95% confidence intervals shown. An assortativity coefficient of +1 signifies assortative mixing, of x1 dissasortative mixing, and equal to 0 random mixing. The solid line gives the mean coefficient with the dotted lines indicating the 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-boxplot-of-the-seasonal-changes-in-the-mean-size-of-1up9h53b.png Fig. 1. Boxplot of the seasonal changes in the mean size of the transmission networks across time. The mean number of nodes (individuals) vary with time and are represented for each month as a mean value (horizontal bar), with the extreme values represented by the edge of the whisker and the 95% confidence limits as the outline of the box. Representative network graphs are shown, giving the contacts between males (blue) and females (red). The black lines between each individual represent a transmission relevant contact. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-speed-uncertainty-on-a-separation-assurance-1x1a1epgz8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-showing-how-a-predicted-trajectory-cwfiuvlg.png Figure 1. A schematic showing how a predicted trajectory might vary from an actual flown trajectory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-percentage-of-conflicts-which-are-not-predicted-2ddyyftl.png Figure 5. The percentage of conflicts which are not predicted for different conflict detection buffers as functions of time to first loss for (a) a -5% speed error and (b) a -10% speed error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-percentage-of-conflicts-which-are-not-predicted-28ox3nvo.png Figure 6. The percentage of conflicts which are not predicted for different speed errors as functions of the time to first loss for (a) no detection buffer and (b) a 2 nmi detection buffer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-percentage-of-incorrect-conflict-predictions-1w7mjtm5.png Figure 8. The percentage of incorrect conflict predictions for different speed errors as functions of the time to first loss for (a) no conflict detection buffer and (b) a 2 nmi detection buffer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-percentage-of-incorrect-conflict-alerts-for-6cfzbdh5.png Figure 7. The percentage of incorrect conflict alerts for different buffer sizes as functions of the time to first loss for (a) -5% speed error and (b) -10% speed error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-total-number-of-losses-of-separation-for-2pgim95f.png Figure 13. The total number of losses of separation for different speed errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-illustration-of-the-required-separation-standard-2nzn6dpn.png Figure 2. An illustration of the required separation standard as well as (a) the detection requirement including buffer and (b) the resolution requirement including buffer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-the-total-number-of-resolutions-and-b-the-391a10de.png Figure 10. (a) The total number of resolutions and (b) the average number of resolutions per aircraft pair for different speed errors as functions of the conflict resolution buffer size. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-soil-phosphorous-content-on-microbiota-are-4vhseflmuk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plant-recruitment-paerns-of-bacteria-and-fungi-a-d-3aysnitg.png Figure 2. Plant recruitment pa�erns of bacteria and fungi. (A,D) Bacterial and fungal alpha diversity es�mated using the Shannon Diversity Index (Materials and methods 4b). Le�ers represent post-hoc test results, based on a full factorial ANOVA model. (B,E) Canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) based on Bray-Cur�s dissimilari�es between bacterial and fungal communi�es across the soil, root and shoot (Materials and methods 4b). The bar graph to the le� of the CAP depicts the percentage of variance explained by sta�s�cally significant (p-value < 0.05) terms in a PERMANOVA model. (C) Le� panel: Rela�ve abundance profiles of the main bacterial phyla across the soil, root and shoot frac�ons. Right panel: Number of sta�s�cally significant amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) enriched in specific frac�ons (Materials and methods 4b). The arrows on the bo�om of the panel denote the direc�on of the enrichment rela�ve to the name of the contrast tested, the up arrow means enrichment in the le� frac�on of the contrast, whereas the down arrow means enrichment in the right frac�on of the contrast (e.g. RootvsSoil, up arrow enriched in root rela�ve to soil, bo�om arrow enriched in soil rela�ve to root). A detailed interac�ve visualiza�on of the bacterial enrichment pa�erns across the mul�ple taxonomic levels can be found at (h�ps://itol.embl.de/tree/1522316254174701551987253). (F) Le� panel: Rela�ve abundance profiles of the main fungal orders across soil, root and shoot frac�ons. Right Panel: Number of sta�s�cally significant opera�onal taxonomic units (OTUs) enriched in specific frac�ons (Materials and methods 4b). The arrows on the bo�om of the panel denote the direc�on of the enrichment rela�ve to the name of the contrast tested, the up arrow signifies enrichment in the le� frac�on of the contrast, whereas the down arrow signifies enrichment in the right frac�on of the contrast (e.g. RootvsSoil, up arrow enriched in root rela�ve to soil, bo�om arrow enriched in soil rela�ve to root). A detailed interac�ve visualiza�on of the fungal enrichment pa�erns across the mul�ple taxonomic levels can be found at (h�ps://itol.embl.de/tree/1522316254174721551987262). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plants-respond-to-differenal-p-condions-in-soil-a-2zbre162.png Figure 1. Plants respond to differen�al P condi�ons in soil. (A) Free phosphate content normalized by shoot fresh weight (mmol·mg-1) across wild type Col-0 plants and two PSR mutants, phf1 and phr1 phl1 (Materials and Methods 2a). Sta�s�cal significance between low P and low+P treatments was determined across each genotype independently by a paired t-test (p-value < 0.05). (B) Heatmap showing the average standardized expression of 210 differen�ally expressed genes (DEGs) across the low P and low+P samples in the Col-0, phf1 and phr1 phl1 genotypes (Materials and methods 4g). The black bar to the right highlights the distribu�on of seven genes belonging to the in vitro defined phosphate starva�on response (PSR) marker genes [4] across the five clusters in the heatmap. (C) Average expression of 193 PSR marker genes [4] across the four phosphorus regimes in the Col-0 genotype (Materials and methods 4g). (D) Gene ontology (GO) enrichment for Clusters 1 and 4. Clusters 2, 3 and 6 did not show any sta�s�cally significant GO enrichment. The gene ra�o is the propor�on of genes per cluster that belong to a GO category. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bacterial-strains-respond-to-pi-stress-induced-3c196nz1.png Figure 6. Bacterial strains respond to Pi-stress-induced physiological changes in the wild type plants. (A) Rela�ve abundance of Burkholderia Useq 16 that exhibits a sta�s�cally significant (q-value < 0.1) Pi-enrichment between the plant frac�ons and the agar frac�on (Materials and methods 4d). The middle dot of each strip bar corresponds to the mean of that par�cular condi�on, the range of the strip bar corresponds to the 95% confidence interval of the mean. The lines are drawn connec�ng the means for each Pi concentra�on. (B) Boxplots showing the phosphate accumula�on in plants exposed to different synthe�c communi�es across three phosphate treatments. Sta�s�cally significant differences among SynCom treatments were computed inside each phosphate treatment separately using an ANOVA model. Le�ers represent the results of the post hoc test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bacterial-synthec-community-reproduces-the-typical-3fml4ak0.png Figure 4. Bacterial synthe�c community reproduces the typical plant-associated taxonomic distribu�on found in soil. (A) Phylogene�c tree of 185 bacterial genomes included in the synthe�c community (SynCom) (Materials and methods 4e). The tree �ps are colored according to the phylum classifica�on of the genome in (B), the outer ring shows the distribu�on of the 12 dis�nct bacterial orders present in the SynCom. (B) Le� Panel: Propor�on of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) enriched in the root in comparison to the natural soil across all treatments and genotypes based on a fi�ed generalized linear model (q-value < 0.1). Each ASV is colored according to its phylum level classifica�on. Right Panel: Rela�ve abundance profiles of bacterial isolates across the ini�al bacterial inoculum, planted agar, root and shoot frac�ons. Each isolate is colored according to its phylum level classifica�on based on the genome-derived taxonomy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plant-phosphate-starvaon-response-controls-the-1t3qksk3.png Figure 3. Plant phosphate starva�on response controls the assembly of the plant microbiome. (A,B) Canonical analysis of principal coordinates showing the influence of plant genotypes and soil phosphorus content over the (A) bacterial and (B) fungal communi�es in the root (Materials and methods 4b). The p-value and R2 values inside each plot are derived from a PERMANOVA model and correspond to the genotype and phosphorus term respec�vely. (C,E) Venn diagrams showing the distribu�on of (C) bacterial ASVs and (E) fungal OTUs with sta�s�cally significant (q-value < 0.1) higher abundance in the low P treatment in comparison to the low+P treatment in the Col-0, phf1 and phr1 phl1 roots (Materials and methods 4b). (D,F) Venn diagrams showing the distribu�on of (D) bacterial ASVs and (F) fungal OTUs with sta�s�cally significant (q-value < 0.1) higher abundance in the low+P treatment in comparison to the low P treatment across the Col-0, phf1 and phr1 phl1 roots. RA=rela�ve abundance. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-temperature-on-germination-of-eleven-festuca-4higdk1rbp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-festuca-cultivars-tested-for-germination-at-various-1z0hsoip.png Table 1. Festuca cultivars tested for germination at various temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analysis-of-variance-for-laboratory-germination-and-k8noyn99.png Table 2. Analysis of variance for laboratory germination and average time to germination (Atg) of 11 Festuca cultivars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationship-of-mean-germination-and-heat-units-3u9pdgp1.png Figure 3. Relationship of mean germination and heat units. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relationship-of-mean-germination-and-average-time-fz4101j6.png Figure 2. Relationship of mean germination and average time to germination. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-storage-conditions-on-long-chain-26e034dzsh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-studies-investigating-the-effects-of-9a9yrh00.png Table 1: Summary of studies investigating the effects of storage conditions on total fat and LCPUFA content 195 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-donor-human-milk-storage-and-processing-conditions-3vxihv4y.png Figure 1: Donor human milk storage and processing conditions 76 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-the-manipulation-of-client-depth-of-self-pbkb1tq0xy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-3ovlhy7l.png TABLE III https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-p1zq4ekv.png TABLE V https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-it-can-easily-be-seen-that-in-period-ii-the-383qzgzn.png Figure 1. It can easily be seen that in Period II, the experimental portion of the hour, the level of client self-exploration was definitely lowered for both therapists. The differences in the predicted direction for levels of DX were significant ( see Table III ). It can be seen that in Period I, the mean level of self-exploration is significantly" lower for Therapist A than for Therapist B. However, the pattern provided by the individual ratings indicate that during the first 12 minutes of the initial 20-minute period the conditions offered one therapist did not significantly differ from those offered the other. Furthermore, despite https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shows-that-with-therapist-a-the-low-conditions-3n88q36c.png Figure 2 shows that with Therapist A, the low-conditions therapist, https://scispace.com/figures/figures-3-6-which-represent-the-averaged-ratings-from-both-39uwdevi.png Figures 3-6, which represent the averaged ratings from both raters https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-2d5zy7p5.png TABLE IV https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-f-levels-of-facilitative-genuineness-offered-by-1ud4oga4.png Fig. 6'f Levels of facilitative genuineness offered by therapists A and B https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-3qffe6dr.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-tai-chi-on-measures-of-stress-and-coping-39nmkmdf9b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-protocol-for-the-pre-test-and-post-test-stressor-3mb0hkws.png Figure 1 Protocol for the pre-test and post-test stressor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-means-and-sds-for-state-trait-anxiety-inventory-3n7o0gnc.png Table 3 Means and SDs for State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, Standard Deviation of Normal to Normal interval and Suppressive Problem-Focused Styles of Coping across the study for the control (n=11) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-and-sds-for-heart-rate-for-the-control-n-11-eboj90ul.png Table 2 Means and SDs for heart rate for the control (n=11) and tai chi (n=9) groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-and-baseline-data-for-the-3lw8t8a8.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics and baseline data for the control (n=11) and tai chi (n=9) groups https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-topology-and-relative-density-of-lattice-sxhke1qdic 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-click-here-to-access-download-figure-figure-06-tif-265yvtjr.png Figure 6 Click here to access/download;Figure;Figure_06.tif https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-click-here-to-access-download-figure-figure-07-jpg-6xqwl66r.png Figure 7 Click here to access/download;Figure;Figure_07.jpg https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-click-here-to-access-download-figure-figure-02-tif-ld5znuzi.png Figure 2 Click here to access/download;Figure;Figure_02.tif https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2bxtve2h.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-click-here-to-access-download-figure-figure-03-tif-vx19kweg.png Figure 3 Click here to access/download;Figure;Figure_03.tif https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-click-here-to-access-download-figure-figure-04-tif-2si10fia.png Figure 4 Click here to access/download;Figure;Figure_04.tif https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-click-here-to-access-download-figure-figure-09-tif-23aac7oi.png Figure 9 Click here to access/download;Figure;Figure_09.tif https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-click-here-to-access-download-figure-figure-08-tif-3ipxkm3h.png Figure 8 Click here to access/download;Figure;Figure_08.tif https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-the-summer-all-out-foot-patrol-initiative-in-3felfsp8rr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-the-summer-all-out-sao-initiative-on-crime-2bxx82d5.png Table 1. Effect of the “Summer All Out” SAO Initiative on Crime https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-aggregate-violent-and-property-crime-trends-by-sao-1ug9bdba.png Figure 2. Aggregate Violent and Property Crime Trends, by SAO Adoption Year https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dynamic-treatment-effects-in-2014-3br521vg.png Figure 3. Dynamic Treatment Effects in 2014 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-poisson-estimates-of-the-sao-initiatives-effects-on-2oga7ca6.png Table 3. Poisson Estimates of the SAO Initiative’s Effects on Shooting Incidents, 2012-2016 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-year-specific-poisson-estimates-of-the-effect-of-sao-s21bh6c9.png Table 2. Year-Specific Poisson Estimates of the Effect of SAO Initiative on Shooting Incidents https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-dynamic-effects-of-sao-initiative-on-shooting-4yqrf7mu.png Table 6. Dynamic Effects of SAO Initiative on Shooting Incidents, by Exposure Year https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-poisson-estimates-of-sao-initiatives-effects-on-38rvz83b.png Table 5. Poisson Estimates of SAO Initiative’s Effects on Shootings, Showing Heterogeneity by Day-ofWeek and Hour-of-Day, 2012-2016 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-selected-precincts-for-the-summer-all-out-sao-spvv8j4d.png Figure 1. Selected Precincts for the “Summer All Out” (SAO) Initiative on Crime and Violence https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-transcranial-direct-current-stimulation-on-48bkqmteyk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-corticospinal-excitability-mean-sd-mep-amplitude-mv-3bvo7oec.png Table 1. Corticospinal Excitability. Mean (±SD) MEP amplitude (mV) for each intervention and time-point.*denote significant difference in MEP amplitude between conventional c-tDCS and HD c-tDCS at 0-minutes post-tDCS (p=0.035) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cortico-cortical-excitability-mean-sd-of-log-1b02kr5n.png Table 5. Cortico-cortical Excitability. Mean (±SD) of log-transformed SICI and ICF (%) for each intervention and time-point. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cortico-cortical-excitability-raw-mean-sd-icf-data-x58xrla3.png Table 4. Cortico-cortical Excitability. Raw Mean (±SD) ICF data for each intervention and timepoint. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cortico-cortical-excitability-raw-mean-sd-sici-data-12fbb4ah.png Table 3. Cortico-cortical Excitability. Raw Mean (±SD) SICI data for each intervention and timepoint. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-intra-individual-variability-mean-sd-standardised-z-1g6r92zm.png Table 2. Intra-Individual Variability. Mean (±SD) Standardised z-value SDs for each intervention and time-point.*denote significant difference between conventional a-tDCS and HD a-tDCS at 0- minutes post-tDCS (p<0.01) and between conventional c-tDCS and HD c-tDCS at 30-minutes posttDCS (p=0.010).†denote significant difference between baseline and 0-minutes for conventional atDCS (p<0.01). https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-triclosan-on-pluripotency-factors-and-1lrfkqyil3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effects-of-tcs-on-alkaline-phosphatase-staining-and-2biadr3b.png Fig. 3 effects of TcS on alkaline phosphatase staining and activity in meSc. cells were cultured with various concentrations of TcS (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 50 μM) or DMSO as control for 24 h. a, b Ap staining. c Ap activity assay. Scale bar 25 μm. each data point represented the mean ± Se from three separate experiments in which treatments were performed in triplicate. Asterisk indicates significant difference when the values were compared to that of the control at p < 0.05 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-wastewater-effluent-on-multiple-behaviours-in-4yaev450tg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-analysis-of-variance-of-g-pulex-velocity-n-60-over-305n6o2t.png Table 3. Analysis of variance of G. pulex velocity (n = 60) over 60s light:dark photoperiods and 30 measured at 0h, 2h, 24h and 7d of exposure to 0, 50% and 100% Fullerton WwTW effluent. 31 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-velocity-mm-s-2-se-of-gammarus-pulex-over-60-eym02xnw.png Figure 1 Mean velocity (mm/s 2±SE) of Gammarus pulex over 60 seconds of light (left) and dark (dark). 21 Measurements taken after 0h, 2h, 24h and 7d exposure to Chickenhall (a) Fullerton (b) WwTW 22 effluent. White bars: control, mid grey: 50% dark grey: 100% effluent (n = 60) 23 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analysis-of-variance-of-g-pulex-velocity-n-60-over-372nr0eb.png Table 2. Analysis of variance of G. pulex velocity (n = 60) over 60s light:dark photoperiods and 24 measured at 0h, 2h, 24h and 7d of exposure to 0, 50% and 100% Chickenhall WwTW effluent. 25 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-generalized-liner-model-with-actvity-2a7tsjea.png Table 1: Results of Generalized Liner Model with Actvity, Phototaxis and Preference measurements 65 as dependant variables and Time (0-3 weeks), Concentrations (Control, 50 and 100% effluent) as 66 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-preference-index-2se-of-gammarus-pulex-after-1tgna0uo.png Figure 4 Mean preference index (± 2SE) of Gammarus pulex after exposure to Chickenhall (a) and 94 Fullerton (b) WwTW effluent over 3 weeks (n = 20 per treatment). 95 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-phototaxis-scores-2se-of-gammarus-pulex-after-uebxs4wv.png Figure 3. Mean phototaxis scores (± 2SE) of Gammarus pulex after exposure 0-3 weeks to Chickenhall 88 (a) and Fullerton (b) WwTW effluent (n = 20 per treatment). 89 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-activity-count-of-gammarus-2se-after-exposure-1jjwklkb.png Figure 2. Mean activity count of Gammarus (± 2SE) after exposure to Chickenhall (a) and Fullerton (b) 84 WwTW effluent (n = 20 per treatment, * p < 0.05 Bonferroni corrected pairwise analysis) 85 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-two-planning-interventions-on-the-oral-health-460be62dqm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-three-level-multiple-linear-regression-models-1tbe84j8.png Table 4. Three-level multiple linear regression models predicting brushing behavior, periodontal status and plaque index https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-three-level-multiple-linear-regression-models-19buthw9.png Table 5. Three-level multiple linear regression models predicting oral health related quality of life https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-by-condition-226jlhi0.png Table 1: Demographic characteristics by condition https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-for-all-outcome-measures-by-2c70d63q.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics for all outcome measures by condition and time https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-three-level-multiple-linear-regression-models-376a6dkv.png Table 3: Three-level multiple linear regression models predicting intention, perceived behavioral control, self-monitoring and the frequency of planning https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-on-steroidogenesis-and-histopathology-of-adult-ta6du1ed70 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primer-pair-sequences-accession-numbers-amplicon-o4qd38de.png Table 1 Primer pair sequences, accession numbers, amplicon size and annealing temperature condition https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-changes-in-gonadosomatic-index-gsi-a-and-plasma-3vm1606b.png Fig. 1. Changes in gonadosomatic index (GSI, %: A) and plasma testosterone levels (B) in pre-pubertal adult male Japanese quail exposed to different dietary doses (1, 10, 50, 200 and 400 mg/kg bodymass/day) of DBP. Data are given asmean (n= 5)± standard deviation (SD). Asterisk (*) denotes significant difference compared with control, (p b 0.05), analyzed using ANOVA followed by the t-test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cross-section-of-seminiferous-tubule-st-of-male-2x62vgtz.png Fig. 5. Cross section of seminiferous tubule (ST) of male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) administered with corn-oil (vehicle control: A), showing normal, well organized testicular histo-architecture (Bar 100 μm) or birds administered with 50mg DBP/kg bodymass (Bar = 20 μm: B), showing altered spermatogenesis, with mild degeneration of the seminiferous tubule epitheliumas evident by slight sloughing (atrophy) of germcells and vacuolar degeneration of spermatogonia and sertoli cells (thin arrows) aswell as reduction innumber of spermatids (spd) in seminiferous tubules, compared to theDBP control group (image A). (C) Cross sectional view of testis from 200 or 400mg DBP/kg bodymass. Note the sloughed spermatogenic cells (asterisks) in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. Bar 100 μm. (D) Interstitial tissue of the testis exposed to 400 mg DBP/kg body mass showing congestion of the interstitial tissue with blood vessels (see arrows on nucleated red blood cells) surrounded by fibroblasts, and cells of the macrophage system such as macrophages, lymphocytes and monocytes, also some mild interstitial oedema (represented by faintly eosinophilic material) around the Leydig cells (LC). Bar 50 μm. (E and F) Sections from 400 mg DBP treated group showing evidently interstitial tissue petechiation (arrows). The interstitial cells are also shownwith petechiation (E: dashed square) showing Bars 20, 100 and 20 μm, respectively. H & E Stain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-changes-in-testicular-cyp19-a-and-androgen-receptor-ar-2xrdqgv9.png Fig. 4. Changes in testicular cyp19 (A) and androgen receptor (AR: B), mRNA levels in prepubertal adult male Japanese quail exposed to different dietary doses (1, 10, 50, 200 and 400 mg/kg body mass/day) of DBP. Messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were quantified using quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with genespecific primer pairs. Data are given as mean (n = 5) ± standard deviation (SD). No significant differences (p b 0.05) between exposure groups and control, analyzed using ANOVA followed by the t-test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-changes-in-testicular-3b-hsd-a-and-17b-hsd-b-mrna-1dghnq0n.png Fig. 3.Changes in testicular 3β-hsd (A) and 17β-hsd (B),mRNA levels in pre-pubertal adult male Japanese quail exposed to different dietary doses (1, 10, 50, 200 and 400 mg/kg body mass/day) of DBP. Messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were quantified using quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with gene-specific primer pairs. Data are given as mean (n= 5)± standard deviation (SD). Different letters denote exposure groups that are significantly different (p b 0.05), analyzed using ANOVA followed by the t-test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-changes-in-testicular-p450scc-a-and-cyp17-b-mrna-3pbso5aa.png Fig. 2. Changes in testicular P450scc (A) and cyp17 (B), mRNA levels in pre-pubertal adult male Japanese quail exposed to different dietary doses (1, 10, 50, 200 and 400 mg/kg body mass/day) of DBP. Messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were quantified using quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with gene-specific primer pairs. Data are given as mean (n= 5) ± standard deviation (SD). Different letters denote exposure groups that are significantly different (p b 0.05), analyzed using ANOVA followed by the t-test. https://scispace.com/papers/the-efficacy-of-a-highly-concentrated-fluoride-dentifrice-on-4s7vkr2h7p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-se-wear-um-of-enamel-slabs-subjected-to-erosion-yk4clktu.png Table 1. Mean (±se) wear (µm) of enamel slabs subjected to erosion or erosion + abrasion in the presence of different dentifrices. https://scispace.com/papers/the-efficacy-and-safety-of-favipiravir-in-treatment-of-covid-4iwkuo8m99 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-search-process-and-study-flow-diagram-s0ds0ek0.png Figure 1: Search process and study flow diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-meta-analysis-of-viral-clearance-of-favipiravir-p16eh5ix.png Figure 3: The meta-analysis of viral clearance of Favipiravir on COVID-19 patients https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-meta-analysis-of-mortality-of-favipiravir-on-3g87kuos.png Figure 7: The meta-analysis of mortality of Favipiravir on COVID-19 patients https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-meta-analysis-of-clinical-improvement-of-ea8hgmeq.png Figure 2: The meta-analysis of clinical improvement of Favipiravir on COVID-19 patients https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-meta-analysis-of-adverse-events-of-favipiravir-2hb2df92.png Figure 5: The meta-analysis of adverse events of Favipiravir on COVID-19 patients https://scispace.com/papers/the-efficacy-of-calibrating-hydrologic-model-using-remotely-42ngyp0521 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sensitivity-test-results-from-sobols-algorithm-without-zd958g6f.png Fig. 3. Sensitivity test results from Sobol’s algorithm without any objective function and with objective functions such as RMSD and linear correlation for ET, SM and streamflow. The red arrow in figure represents the parameters selected for calibration. The green arrow represents the parameters fixed with available information. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-relative-performance-of-rmsd-and-r-between-observed-1615ntkd.png Fig. 9. Relative performance of RMSD and R between observed and calibrated model predictions of streamflow with respect to RMSD and R of simplified AWRA-L model calibrated with streamflow for ten catchments. Positive values for both RMSD and R represent improvement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scatter-plot-of-rmsd-and-r-between-observed-and-38as052n.png Fig. 4. Scatter plot of RMSD and R between observed and calibrated model predictions of (a) streamflow, (b) ET and (c) SM. The black dotted line in the graph represents the RMSD and R of respective variables given by optimized parameters of original AWRA-L model version 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relative-performance-of-rmsd-and-r-between-observed-2c20900o.png Fig. 5. Relative performance of RMSD and R between observed and calibrated model predictions of streamflow (top panel), ET (middle panel) and SM (bottom panel) with respect to those of original AWRA-L model version 0.5. Positive values for both RMSD and R represent improvement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-rmsd-and-r-of-streamflow-et-and-sm-between-synthetic-2skpcohf.png Fig. 14. RMSD and R of streamflow, ET and SM between synthetic truths and predictions of synthetically calibrated AWRA-L model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-11-study-catchments-3p81hh4k.png Table 1 Summary of 11 study catchments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-climatic-zones-of-eastern-australia-identifying-the-2maay44e.png Fig. 1. (a) Climatic zones of eastern Australia identifying the study catchments (by catchment ID) used in this study; (b) the Loddon River catchment at Newstead with overlaid AWRA grids cells and digital elevation model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-difference-between-flux-tower-et-and-the-cmrset-1ai1k866.png Fig. 11. Difference between flux tower ET and the CMRSET. https://scispace.com/papers/the-efficacy-of-shareholder-voting-evidence-from-equity-3slc7clt5d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-shareholder-voting-1a1skulu.png Table II Shareholder Voting https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-effect-of-shareholder-voting-equity-based-2tnh7n60.png Table IV Effect of Shareholder Voting: Equity-based Compensation Plans Instrumental Variables Analysis, One Year-Ahead Compensation Variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-histogram-of-voting-percentages-panel-a-equity-2xbhxb0j.png Figure 1 Histogram of Voting Percentages Panel A: Equity Compensation Plans https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-effect-of-shareholder-voting-director-elections-8obfvlyg.png Table VII Effect of Shareholder Voting: Director Elections Panel A: Ordinary Least Squares Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-regression-discontinuity-plots-of-excess-2p1ftoiy.png Figure 2 Regression Discontinuity Plots of Excess Contemporaneous Compensation Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-effect-of-shareholder-voting-equity-based-28qvl35z.png Table III Effect of Shareholder Voting: Equity-based Compensation Plans Panel A: Contemporaneous Compensation Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-descriptive-statistics-panel-a-by-vote-outcome-1rkcodw0.png Table I Descriptive Statistics Panel A: By Vote Outcome https://scispace.com/papers/the-efficiency-of-ols-in-the-presence-of-auto-correlated-41g9i67coh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-autocorrelation-coefficients-disturbance-variances-2mb9m4af.png Table 2: Autocorrelation Coefficients, Disturbance Variances and the Relative Efficiencies of GLS to OLS for Standardized Linear Design with T = 50 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-efficiency-for-mses-of-the-regression-coefficients-2gai2ovy.png Table 3: Efficiency for MSEs of the Regression Coefficients of the GLS Estimators Relative to OLS Estimator for Quadratic Design https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-efficiency-for-mses-of-the-regression-coefficients-2qkti7sj.png Table 6: Efficiency for MSEs of the Regression Coefficients of the GLS Estimators Relative to OLS Estimator Standard Normal Stochastic Design https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-efficiency-for-mses-of-the-regression-coefficients-183y8qfx.png Table 4: Efficiency for MSEs of the Regression Coefficients of the GLS Estimators Relative to OLS Estimator for Linear Design https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relative-efficiency-of-gls-to-ols-for-linear-design-37xf1dtr.png Table 1: Relative Efficiency of GLS to OLS for Linear Design https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-efficiency-for-mses-of-the-regression-coefficients-2hblz4h6.png Table 5: Efficiency for MSEs of the Regression Coefficients of the GLS Estimators Relative to OLS Estimator for Exponential Design https://scispace.com/papers/the-efficiency-loss-of-capital-income-taxation-under-3f55gsn2wh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-below-presents-the-results-under-the-other-extreme-1yb2ffyx.png Figure 4 below presents the results under the other extreme assumption of having no loss o¤set provisions. 18 Under no loss o¤set the less risk averse an investor is, the higher the e¢ ciency cost of capital income taxation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-indicates-that-the-largest-mcf-occurs-for-a-person-1289wahr.png Figure 3 indicates that the largest MCF occurs for a person with the highest elasticity of substitution and the highest risk aversion parameter. For a representative investor with an elasticity of substitution of 1.67 and a relative risk aversion of around 2, the e¢ ciency cost would equal fourteen cents to a dollar of revenue raised. https://scispace.com/papers/the-efficiency-of-sponsor-and-participant-portfolio-choices-2hxqfec9ws 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-participant-characteristics-sociodemographics-and-2ip4gbdn.png Table 3. Participant Characteristics: Sociodemographics and Portfolio Attributes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-investment-options-per-plan-mean-share-and-15tte877.png Table 2. Number of Investment Options per Plan: Mean, Share, and Distribution by Type https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-performance-measures-by-menu-number-of-funds-39xh0m4p.png Figure 8. Performance Measures by Menu Number of Funds Offered https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-of-plans-offering-various-numbers-of-2xb0ihmr.png Figure 1. Percentage of Plans Offering Various Numbers of Funds https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-determinants-of-participant-portfolio-efficiency-2wh49xjj.png Table 7. Determinants of Participant Portfolio Efficiency https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-plan-characteristics-size-and-investment-menus-2ns9tj1w.png Table 1. Plan Characteristics: Size and Investment Menus https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-illustration-of-total-and-relative-return-loss-2l5dnpxp.png Figure 4. Illustration of Total and Relative Return Loss https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-allocation-of-individual-participant-portfolios-2z1nxopj.png Figure 3. Allocation of Individual Participant Portfolios https://scispace.com/papers/the-efficiency-of-the-retirement-income-system-in-australia-25yob06ymp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-malmquist-index-of-individual-retirement-income-fuqgsxxq.png Table 7 Malmquist Index of Individual Retirement Income System Funds, 2000-2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-performance-of-segments-of-the-retirement-income-1bwevh10.png Table 4 Performance of segments of the retirement income system, 1996 and 2004 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-key-reforms-to-australias-retirement-income-system-2zxz4jln.png TABLE 2: KEY REFORMS TO AUSTRALIA’S RETIREMENT INCOME SYSTEM https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-retirement-income-system-assets-selected-1uzh1m7i.png Table 1 Total retirement income system assets* Selected assets, 1996-2004, (A$ million) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-efficiency-of-segments-of-the-retirement-income-1spahnol.png Table 5 Efficiency of segments of the retirement income system, 1996 and 2004 https://scispace.com/papers/the-egyptian-temple-as-a-place-to-house-collections-from-the-ik38py02uw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-treasury-of-medinet-habu-south-east-room-north-wall-1a6rgcbs.png Fig. 3. Treasury of Medinet Habu, south-east room, north wall (from Medinet Habu, V, II, pl. 325). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sekhmet-statues-exhibited-in-the-metropolitan-museum-1fdnchpt.png Fig. 2 Sekhmet statues exhibited in the Metropolitan Museum of Art (from A. Lythgoe, Statues of the Goddess Sekhmet, BMMA 14; 1919, fig. 21). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-row-of-sekhmet-statues-in-the-western-corridor-of-the-3sv5z135.png Fig. 1. Row of Sekhmet statues in the western corridor of the Temple of Mut (from A. Lythgoe, Statues of the Goddess Sekhmet, BMMA 14; 1919, fig. 6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-ritual-knife-pss-with-two-bowls-hn-wt-from-m-verner-fojhef6o.png Fig. 4. A ritual knife (pśS) with two bowls (Hn.wt) (from M. Verner [ed.], The Pyramid Complex of Raneferef: The Archaeology [Abusir IX; Prague, 2006], 61.). https://scispace.com/papers/the-efficient-computation-of-bounds-for-functionals-of-3wmpsk4o0i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cook-s-membrane-26um9mus.png Figure 8: Cook's membrane https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-xh-vh-xh-vh-xh-vh-xh-vh-v316t2j8.png Figure 2: Illustration of XH(VH);Xh(Vh); X̂H(V̂H); X̂h(V̂h). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-square-block-problem-2y9uuwr9.png Figure 3: Square block problem https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-cook-s-membrane-a-coarse-and-b-ne-meshes-sku6d5jd.png Figure 9: Cook's membrane - (a) coarse and (b) ne meshes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-modi-ed-local-minimization-problem-mp721lvd.png Figure 16: Modi ed local minimization problem https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-total-energy-potential-for-one-dimensional-bar-in-28d4b01v.png Figure 17: Total energy potential for one dimensional bar in transformed solution space https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-square-block-output-bounds-wboqxh3u.png Table 2: Square block - output bounds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-square-block-output-bounds-278ua99s.png Figure 7: Square block - output bounds https://scispace.com/papers/the-electoral-value-of-constituency-oriented-parliamentary-4hw1mqpd8x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-number-of-constituency-questions-by-issue-3hfi8uje.png Figure 1 Mean number of constituency questions by issue https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-dependent-variable-and-3dk11k8y.png Table 3 Descriptive statistics of dependent variable and covariates https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-impact-of-constituency-questions-on-vote-hungary-4kn0ffhb.png Table 2 The impact of constituency questions on vote (Hungary 2014) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-changes-in-vote-share-based-on-the-number-of-39zd1n5c.png Figure 3 Changes in vote share based on the number of constituency questions (Hungary 2014) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-impact-of-constituency-questions-on-vote-in-1b5hirga.png Table 1 The impact of constituency questions on vote in Romania https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-changes-in-vote-percentage-based-on-the-number-of-1jpirfxv.png Figure 2 Changes in vote percentage based on the number of constituency questions (Romania) https://scispace.com/papers/the-einstein-home-gamma-ray-pulsar-survey-i-search-methods-4haunwacxn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pulsed-fraction-upper-limits-g63veir3.png Table 1 Pulsed Fraction Upper Limits https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-template-pulse-profile-parameters-1z0xl8ve.png Table 2 Template Pulse Profile Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-evolution-of-each-pulsars-rotational-frequency-1ca96mnq.png Figure 6. Evolution of each pulsar’s rotational frequency during the Fermi-LAT observation time. For each pulsar, the top and bottom panels show the deviations from a constant spin-down model of the frequency, ( )Df t , and first frequency derivative, ˙ ( )Df t , respectively. The shaded areas show 1σ uncertainty regions. These deviations are most likely due to the pulsars’ intrinsic timing noise, as suggested by their unphysical braking indices (n, described in Section 4.1 and shown in the lower panel for each pulsar). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-the-definition-of-the-detection-1w4xb2zk.png Figure 3. Illustration of the definition of the detection probability. The orange line indicates the pdf of the semicoherent detection statistic (including mismatch) in the presence of a signal with fixed pulse profile and pulsed fraction. The blue dashed line shows the empirical probability that a true signal resulting in a detection statistic Ŝ1 will be followed up (and hence detected). The detection probability is therefore the area under the product of these functions, shown by the gray shaded area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gamma-ray-pulse-profile-of-psrj2017-3625-2iy3vrsk.png Figure 2. Gamma-ray pulse profile of PSRJ2017+3625 illustrating the definition of the pulsed fraction. The blue dashed line indicates the background level, b. The pulsed fraction is defined by the area under the template pulse profile above its lowest level (the orange shaded area), divided by the source fraction, s (that is the sum of blue and orange areas). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-derived-pulsar-properties-2zm0k7v2.png Table 4 Derived Pulsar Properties https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pulsar-timing-parameters-30nra372.png Table 3 Pulsar Timing Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-frequency-spin-down-diagram-showing-the-locations-1zq3p4yt.png Figure 1. Frequency–spin-down diagram, showing the locations of non-gamma-ray pulsars in the ATNF Pulsar Catalogue (black crosses, Manchester et al. 2005), gamma-ray pulsars detected by Fermi-LAT (blue circles), and the newly detected Einstein@Home pulsars reported in this work (orange squares). The parameter space covered by the Einstein@Home survey is shown by the gray shaded area. Lines of constant characteristic age, ˙t = -f f2c (dotted–dashed), surface magnetic field strength, ( ˙ ) p= - -B Ic f f R1.5 2S 3 3 1 2 S3, (dotted) and spin-down power, ˙ ˙p= -E Iff4 2 (dashed) are also shown. To calculate these, we assumed neutron star moments of inertia, =I 1045 gcm2 and radii, =R 10S km, as in, e.g., Abdo et al. (2013). The timing analyses performed on the newly discovered pulsars, the results from which were used to calculate the properties above, are described in Section 4. https://scispace.com/papers/the-electoral-foundations-to-noncompliance-addressing-the-2309fo0a52 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-closer-look-at-within-country-effects-of-district-d2evtlp0.png Table 2: A closer look at within-country effects of district magnitude https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-marginal-effects-of-an-increase-in-district-2l40ij5l.png Figure 4: Marginal effects of an increase in district magnitude across pool-vote rules in case of ballot control https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-marginal-effects-of-an-increase-in-district-1xacpqzb.png Figure 3: Marginal effects of an increase in district magnitude across pool-vote rules https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-marginal-effects-of-a-within-country-increase-in-1ifjswpz.png Figure 5: Marginal effects of a within-country increase in district magnitude, with and without ballot control https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-marginal-effects-of-a-within-country-increase-in-2hw86edy.png Figure 6: Marginal effects of a within-country increase in district magnitude across pool-vote rules https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-marginal-effects-of-an-increase-in-district-1ihfjl68.png Figure 2: Marginal effects of an increase in district magnitude, with and without ballot control https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-electoral-institutions-and-unlawful-aid-measures-eu-20exl3zu.png Table 1: Electoral institutions and unlawful aid measures, EU countries 2000-2012 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proportion-of-unlawful-state-aid-measures-in-eu-9agm3t0k.png Figure 1: Proportion of unlawful state aid measures in EU countries https://scispace.com/papers/the-electrochemical-performance-and-applications-of-several-3fn38u3471 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-key-properties-and-cost-comparison-of-the-1pgttll9.png Table 5: The key properties and Cost comparison of the lithium-ion batteries https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-market-share-of-different-lithium-ion-batteries-in-2dl0wwnx.png Fig. 1: The market share of different lithium-ion batteries in 2015 and 2025 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-nominal-voltage-and-energy-density-of-commercial-3129xhn6.png Table 2: Nominal voltage and Energy density of commercial products https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparisons-of-termal-stability-and-safety-level-946uk8zq.png Table 3: Comparisons of termal stability and safety level https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-different-types-of-ev-batteries-254lpnm9.png Table 1: Comparison of different types of EV batteries https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-applications-of-various-lithium-ion-batteries-in-3293gajo.png Table 4: The applications of various lithium-ion batteries in EVs. https://scispace.com/papers/the-electrodynamic-response-of-heavy-electron-materials-with-t3wwhq35yh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-reflectivity-and-b-optical-conductivity-of-ucu-at-33pgvnli.png Fig. 4. a Reflectivity and b optical conductivity of UCu at several temperatures in the whole investigated frequency range (note the logarithmic scale). The inset displays the FIR part (linear scale) of the reflectivity on an expanded scale https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-reflectivity-and-b-optical-conductivity-of-u-zn-at-6-2ov0s4qd.png Fig. 3. a Reflectivity and b optical conductivity of U Zn at 6 and 300 K in the whole investigated frequency range (note the logarithmic scale). The inset displays the FIR part (linear scale) of the reflectivity on an expanded scale https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-optical-conductivity-in-fir-of-uru-re-si-for-a-x-0-2j71ycan.png Fig. 11. Optical conductivity in FIR of URu Re Si for a x"0 and b x"0.8 at various temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10a-e-optical-conductivity-at-several-temperatures-in-qicgfszo.png Fig. 10a–e. Optical conductivity at several temperatures in the FIR energy range (linear energy scale) for UCu , together with the phenomenological fits. At 6 and 9 K, we display the Drude and h.o. components separately (see text and Table 1 for the fit parameters). The small discontinuities at 27 and 41 cm at 25 K, and at 45 cm at 12 K are due to the scattering in the original reflectivity data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-reflectivity-and-b-optical-conductivity-of-uni-cu-at-3nofdi8u.png Fig. 5. a Reflectivity and b optical conductivity of UNi Cu at several temperatures in the whole investigated frequency range (note the logarithmic scale). The inset displays the FIR part (linear scale) of the reflectivity on an expanded scale https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-temperature-dependence-of-the-electrical-resistivity-313scf20.png Fig. 1. Temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity (continuous line) of a UPd Al , b U Zn , c UCu , and d URu Si , normalized to the resistivity values at 300 K. ( ) and (#) refer to the 35 and 100 GHz measurements, respectively https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-specific-heat-values-11-14-17-23-26-53-versus-27nxr9o2.png Fig. 13. Specific heat values [11—14, 17, 23, 26, 53] versus effective mass m* evaluated from the optical data using spectral weight arguments (see text) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-reflectivity-and-b-optical-conductivity-of-uru-si-at-26a63994.png Fig. 6. a Reflectivity and b optical conductivity of URu Si at several temperatures in the whole investigated frequency range (note the logarithmic scale). The inset displays the FIR part (linear scale) of the reflectivity on an expanded scale https://scispace.com/papers/the-electronic-structure-of-the-mixed-valence-compound-pb3o4-2nqlw25vns 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-brillouin-zone-of-tetragonal-pb304-2ehof0wl.png Fig. 2. Brillouin zone of tetragonal Pb304. https://scispace.com/papers/the-electrophysiological-dynamics-of-interference-during-the-gfpzrqi2kt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-in-a-the-erp-of-the-four-different-conditions-is-31kjj70k.png Figure 2. In (A) the ERP of the four different conditions is plotted. The gray bars indicate the time intervals which were used for statistical analysis of the mean amplitude. Scalp maps for the N400 (400–500 msec) and the LN (600–800 msec) time windows are plotted in (B). Compared with neutral items, the incongruent items elicited a more negative potential at fronto-central electrode sites, which was evident for the N400 and the LN time window. Stronger positivity for the incongruent items at fronto-polar sites was observed for the N400 time window, and stronger positivity at left parieto-occipital sites was observed for the LN time window. (C) The sources of the eight localized dipoles are depicted. Two sources were localized in the LOC and ROC, two in the LMC and RMC, one in the ACC, two in the LPFC and RPFC, and one in the LMTC. (D) The results of the MSPS are plotted for the grand average of all conditions. The red color indicates the activity picked up by the MSPS. The activity is located near the eight dipoles, which suggests that the source model is adequate. (E) The mean ERP amplitude for the two time windows (upper panel: N400; lower panel: LN) is plotted for each source. The greatest differences between the conditions appeared in the ACC. (F) The ERP of the ACC source is plotted. The gray bar indicates the time windows used for statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-the-mean-ers-erd-time-frequency-plot-for-the-21ics3pk.png Figure 3. (A) The mean ERS/ERD time–frequency plot for the source of the ACC is shown. Amplitude increase is indicated by hot colors and amplitude decrease is indicated by cold colors. It can be seen that differences between the conditions were most evident in the theta frequency range (4–7 Hz), which shows an increase in ERS from congruent to negative priming items. (B) The mean ERS for all sources is plotted for the early time window (top) and the late time window (bottom). Differences between the four conditions are greatest in the ACC during the late time window (600–800 msec). (C) The time course of the baseline-corrected PLV between the ACC and the LPFC is depicted. Incongruent and negative priming items show stronger phase coupling than congruent and neutral ones in a time window around 600 msec. The gray bar indicates the time window used for statistics. The head model indicates the coupling between the ACC and the LPFC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-an-example-of-a-trial-sequence-for-the-negative-o7cwvepf.png Figure 1. (A) An example of a trial sequence for the negative priming condition is depicted. In the incongruent condition, the word meaning ‘‘red’’ has to be ignored, but in the following trial, the subject has to respond to the ink color ‘‘red.’’ (B) The mean of the reaction time is plotted for the four different conditions. The results show the classical pattern of facilitation (**p < .01), interference (***p < .001), and negative priming (**p < .01). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-talairach-coordinates-of-the-eight-sources-2tad9mid.png Table 1. Talairach Coordinates of the Eight Sources https://scispace.com/papers/the-electrosurgical-method-of-closed-intrapleural-5cgroe10nw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-case-6500-a-thoracoscopic-view-of-apical-adhesion-b-34gtpoor.png Fig. 7 (case 6500).-a, thoracoscopic view of apical adhesion; b, same adhesion partially cut; c, intrathoracic hemostat clamped on vascular remains of adhesion for purpose of electrocoagulation before cutting. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-case-6500-a-thoracoscopic-view-of-band-adhesion-3r40qmtj.png Fig. 5 (case 6500) .-a, thoracoscopic view of band adhesion attached to anterior portion of second rib; b, view of same after cutting adhesion, showing band attached to the aorta. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-case-6489-thoracoscopic-view-of-adhesion-attached-to-2il7ov2x.png Fig. 9 (case 6489).-Thoracoscopic view of adhesion attached to anterior mesial aspects of chest wall and mediastinum and reflected over the aorta, after having been almost completely cut through. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-case-6557-a-pointed-electrode-in-position-for-deep-yu2rktex.png Fig. 3 (case 6557) .-A, pointed electrode in position for deep coagulation of blood vessel and B, blood vessel for deep coagulation showing site of punctures (a). https://scispace.com/papers/the-elementary-excitations-of-the-bcs-model-in-the-canonical-4ay58xu11y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-position-of-them520-pairs-of-the-states-of-fig-1-atg51-1xb2enq9.png FIG. 2. Position of theM520 pairs of the states of Fig. 1 atg51.5. The arcsG I 1 ~19 pairs! andG I 2 ~18 pairs! are a slight modification of the GS arcG I 0 ~20 pairs!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-excitation-energieseexc5e2egs-14d-for-m520-pairs-at-1xf84r4z.png FIG. 5. Excitation energiesEexc5E2EGS<14d for M520 pairs at half filling. There are 4451312615 states correspondin to NG51, 2, and 3, respectively. The particle-hole symmetry duces these numbers to 255 711513. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-yds-corresponding-tong51-and-2-ufiuixdt.png FIG. 4. YD’s corresponding toNG51 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-real-part-ofem-for-the-equally-spaced-model-withm5n-3efe0hid.png FIG. 1. Real part ofEm for the equally spaced model withM5N/2520 pairs andNG50,1, and 2 excitations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-classification-of-roots-in-theg-limit-33jouuqh.png TABLE I. Classification of roots in theg→` limit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-path-and-young-diagram-ofi-3-b-real-part-of-em-1f32jjau.png FIG. 3. ~a! The path and Young diagram ofI 3. ~b! Real part of Em for I 3. For g large enough there is a real root~1! and a complex root ~2!. https://scispace.com/papers/the-elementary-excitations-of-the-bcs-model-in-the-canonical-bzycivixrk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-position-of-them520-pairs-of-the-states-of-fig-1-atg51-1nobgqbh.png FIG. 2. Position of theM520 pairs of the states of Fig. 1 atg51.5. The arcsG I 1 ~19 pairs! andG I 2 ~18 pairs! are a slight modification of the GS arcG I 0 ~20 pairs!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-excitation-energieseexc5e2egs-14d-for-m520-pairs-at-2qgk77ei.png FIG. 5. Excitation energiesEexc5E2EGS<14d for M520 pairs at half filling. There are 4451312615 states correspondin to NG51, 2, and 3, respectively. The particle-hole symmetry duces these numbers to 255 711513. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-real-part-ofem-for-the-equally-spaced-model-withm5n-39tk9h4m.png FIG. 1. Real part ofEm for the equally spaced model withM5N/2520 pairs andNG50,1, and 2 excitations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-classification-of-roots-in-theg-limit-2nnk6lop.png TABLE I. Classification of roots in theg→` limit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-yds-corresponding-tong51-and-2-1qyypgkx.png FIG. 4. YD’s corresponding toNG51 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-path-and-young-diagram-ofi-3-b-real-part-of-em-sdcc72ea.png FIG. 3. ~a! The path and Young diagram ofI 3. ~b! Real part of Em for I 3. For g large enough there is a real root~1! and a complex root ~2!. https://scispace.com/papers/the-elusive-coefficients-of-thermal-expansion-in-pbx-9502-bm68v4vufn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-diagram-of-the-semi-isostatic-consolidation-3u0u39w1.png Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the semi-isostatic consolidation process ............................................7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-pbx-9502-specimens-13-10sdf8ec.png Table 6. Summary of PBX 9502 Specimens......................................................................................13 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-stacked-sheets-of-tatb-exposed-by-fracture-in-a-3kptq4l8.png Fig. 1. Stacked sheets of TATB exposed by fracture in a consolidated PBX 9502 component ......4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-linear-cte-data-from-ref-11-5-14kptgi4.png Table 2. Linear CTE Data from Ref. 11 .............................................................................................5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-tested-specimens-16-l4atd3n5.png Table 7. Tested Specimens .................................................................................................................16 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-typical-heat-first-and-cool-first-sequences-14-1qtut5fg.png Fig. 4. Typical heat-first and cool-first sequences............................................................................14 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-typical-pattern-for-lvdt-displacement-15-1xow7ona.png Fig. 5. Typical pattern for LVDT displacement ...............................................................................15 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-instantaneous-linear-cte-for-the-three-specimens-nskdjxh4.png Fig. 8. Instantaneous linear CTE for the three specimens selected for final analysis...................20 https://scispace.com/papers/the-embedded-java-benchmark-suite-jembench-43jqstsa4j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-discounting-of-the-overhead-in-the-measurement-of-a-tktdcgcn.png Figure 1: Discounting of the overhead in the measurement of a micro benchmark for the bytecode GETFIELD https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-platform-support-required-by-the-jembench-suite-314zuhkd.png Table 1: Platform support required by the JemBench suite https://scispace.com/papers/the-emergence-and-institutionalisation-of-the-european-3vmyr7w38k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-existing-interest-based-organisations-in-european-1nfnmny4.png Figure 7. Existing interest based organisations in European higher education and research20 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-regulations-and-directives-in-force-in-education-2tr509wk.png Figure 3. Regulations and Directives in Force in Education, Training and Science, 1970–2005 (Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2007)2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ecj-cases-in-the-fields-of-education-and-research3-hgt66l1n.png Figure 4. ECJ cases in the fields of education and research3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-intra-european-mobility-1976-2003-unesco-1978-19991-3qnzm46t.png Figure 1. Intra-European Mobility 1976–2003 (UNESCO, 1978–19991; European Commission, 2006) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-european-co-authored-articles-national-science-3b9sgn6s.png Figure 2. European Co-authored Articles (National Science Foundation, 2006) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-european-academic-associations-1945-2005-18-and-1e1gffo7.png Figure 6. European academic associations (1945–2005)18 and European academic journals (1965–2005)19 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-annual-budget-for-higher-education-and-training15-ycq8ig90.png Figure 5. Annual budget for Higher Education and Training15 (European Commission 2004, 2006) https://scispace.com/papers/the-emergence-and-workings-of-a-process-view-in-public-cgd9tozmij 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-archive-2uli8p43.png Figure 1. Overview of the archive https://scispace.com/papers/the-empirical-failure-of-the-expectations-hypothesis-of-the-4mr36p0znp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-lm-test-statistics-bivariate-var-with-9kegi3iw.png TABLE 4 LM Test Statistics: Bivariate VAR with https://scispace.com/papers/the-emigration-of-immigrants-return-vs-onward-migration-e436wa67rk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-income-regressions-log-average-lagged-income-395l8dk4.png Table 3: Income regressions (log average lagged income). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-predicted-age-income-profile-native-men-3t1pdg68.png Figure 4: Predicted Age-Income Profile: Native Men https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-predicted-age-income-profile-foreign-born-men-1dnkhq07.png Figure 3: Predicted Age-Income Profile: Foreign-born Men https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-means-3v976kf8.png Table 1: Sample Means https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-linear-probability-model-of-emigration-return-37bayae1.png Table 2: Linear Probability Model of Emigration, Return Migration and Onward Migration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-immigration-and-emigration-flows-1955-2003-19idw2fz.png Figure 1: Immigration and Emigration flows, 1955-2003 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-return-onward-migrants-2yuqudpt.png Figure 2: Percentage of Return/Onward Migrants https://scispace.com/papers/the-employment-effects-of-low-wage-subsidies-2cwhbkysmf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-payroll-tax-reduction-due-to-the-finnish-low-3ptifysj.png Figure 1. The payroll tax reduction due to the Finnish low-wage subsidy system (right axis) and the corresponding average payroll tax rate (left axis), when the payroll tax without a subsidy is a proportional 21% tax. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-employment-rates-of-selected-age-groups-in-2000-1d4x2h62.png Figure 2. Employment rates of selected age-groups in 2000-2007. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effect-of-low-wage-subsidy-on-job-leaving-rates-3f7b5zbt.png Table 5. Effect of low wage subsidy on job-leaving rates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-effect-of-low-wage-subsidy-on-working-hours-for-vl9kt8d8.png Table 6. Effect of low-wage subsidy on working hours for stayers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ddd-estimates-of-the-impact-of-low-wage-subsidy-on-3mepgmjr.png Table 4. DDD Estimates of the impact of low-wage subsidy on exit rate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-effect-of-low-wage-subsidy-on-hourly-wages-for-26dro9v2.png Table 7. Effect of low-wage subsidy on hourly wages for stayers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-exit-when-the-present-value-of-subsidised-years-is-1zk5qdw6.png Table 8. Exit when the present value of subsidised years is used as an indicator of the impact of the subsidy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-instrumental-variables-estimates-on-the-effect-of-1ce9e4jn.png Table 9. Instrumental variables estimates on the effect of actually receiving the subsidy on working hours for stayers. https://scispace.com/papers/the-endemic-sugar-canes-of-madagascar-poaceae-saccharinae-30u96d047i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-distribution-of-lasiorhachis-including-occurrence-1oj2fcjx.png Figure 8. Distribution of Lasiorhachis including occurrence records from the specimens studied here and field observations. Administrative province boundaries are marked in grey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-lasiorhachis-perrieri-a-habit-at-base-b-flowering-metiy3wq.png Figure 6. Lasiorhachis perrieri: A, habit at base; B, flowering habit, culm continued from A; C, ligule; D, inflorescence branch; E, spikelet pair; F – R, sessile spikelet; F, lower glume, ventral surface; G, lower glume, dorsal surface; H, upper glume, ventral surface; I, upper glume, dorsal surface; J, spikelet with the glumes removed, lateral view; K, lower lemma, ventral surface; L, lower lemma, dorsal surface; M, lower palea, ventral surface; N, lower palea, dorsal surface; O, upper lemma, ventral surface; P, upper lemma, dorsal surface; Q, lodicules; R, immature caryopsis. Scale bar: A, B = 4 cm, C, D = 5 mm, E = 2.2 mm, F – R = 2 mm. Drawn from Bosser 1899b (K) by Lucy T. Smith. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-lasiorhachis-viguieri-a-habit-b-ligule-c-10twmfn6.png Figure 7. Lasiorhachis viguieri. A, habit; B, ligule; C, inflorescence branch; D, spikelet pair; E – N, sessile spikelet; E, lower glume, ventral surface; F, lower glume, dorsal surface; G, upper glume, ventral surface; H, upper glume, dorsal surface; I, spikelet with the glumes removed, lateral view; J, lower lemma, ventral surface; K, lower lemma, dorsal surface; L, upper lemma; M, lodicule; N, gynoecium; O – T, pedicelled spikelet; O, lower glume, ventral surface; P, lower glume, dorsal surface; Q, upper glume, ventral surface; R, upper glume, dorsal surface; S, lower lemma; T, upper lemma. Scale bar: A = 4 cm, B = 1.6 mm, C = 7 mm, D – T = 2.2 mm. Drawn from Nanjarisoa 76 (K) by Lucy T. Smith. https://scispace.com/papers/the-endocast-of-the-late-middle-paleolithic-manot-1-specimen-4l28ubj5fp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-endocast-of-manot-1-in-supero-antero-lateral-view-s60govfq.png Figure 4. Endocast of Manot 1 in supero-antero-lateral view (top), supero-postero-lateral https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-principal-component-analysis-pc1-pc2-based-on-four-rudyjka1.png Figure 5. Principal Component analysis (PC1-PC2) based on four measurements: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-left-principal-component-analysis-of-endocast-shape-2aah0v0l.png Figure 6. Left - Principal Component analysis of endocast shape. Gray = Extant human; Blue = AMH; Dark Green = African Middle Pleistocene hominins (Jebel Irhoud, Broken Hill, Laetoli H18); Pale Green = Early Levantine Homo sapiens (Skhul/Qafzeh); Red = Neandertals, Orange = Homo erectus, Purple = Manot 1. Right – Deformation plots for PC1, PC2 and PC3. The plots describe the https://scispace.com/papers/the-endocytic-recycling-compartment-serves-as-a-viral-3m2jmz46uy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hev-induced-subcellular-structures-are-dependent-on-27mr6sdy.png Fig 4: HEV-induced subcellular structures are dependent on the expression of 15 ORF3 protein and assembly of ORF2 capsid proteins. Cryosections of PLC3/HEV 16 (A), PLC3/HEV-∆ORF3 (B) and PLC3/HEV-5R/5A (C) cells were processed for double 17 immunogold labeling with anti-ORF2 (visualized by 6 nm gold particles) and anti-ORF3 18 (visualized by 10 nm gold particles) antibodies, as indicated. Cryosections were next 19 analyzed by EM. ORF2 proteins are indicated by black arrows and ORF3 proteins by 20 arrowheads. N, nucleus. Representative confocal images of double-stained cells are 21 shown on the left. HEV-∆ORF3 is an ORF3-null mutant. HEV-5R/5A is an ORF2 22 assembly mutant. 23 https://scispace.com/papers/the-endometrial-transcription-landscape-of-mrkh-syndrome-hvbijysyx1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mrkh-types-1-and-2-patients-show-largely-similar-1hy38k8i.png FIGURE 2 | MRKH types 1 and 2 patients show largely similar perturbation patterns in endometrial gene expression. Expression profiles (log2 expression change relative to Ctrl group) of 2121 DEGs (union of DEGs indicated in Figure 1B) across all samples. Rows hierarchically clustered by Euclidian distance and ward.D2 method. Cycle information (proliferative or secretory) and patient type (sporadic, familial, or control) on top. For details see Supplementary Table S1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-interactors-of-tgfb1-reach-in-all-disease-1blanb2g.png FIGURE 4 | Interactors of TGFB1 reach in all disease-associated co-expression modules. (A) Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) identified 35 co-expression modules of which 20 were significantly associated with the disease. (B) Bar diagram depicting the number of TGFB1 interactors in disease-associated modules. Absolute number within bar as well as amount in percent shown on y-axis for each functional type. (C) Cytokines and transcriptional regulators predicted to interact with TGFB1 are in highly disease-associated co-expression modules. Module of interactors indicated for significant modules only. https://scispace.com/papers/the-ends-of-information-systems-research-a-pragmatic-k880kgn3ya 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-pragmatic-redefinition-of-the-ends-of-experimental-3mdhwayl.png Table 1. A Pragmatic Redefinition of the Ends of Experimental Research https://scispace.com/papers/the-energetic-cost-of-adaptive-feet-in-walking-1p0xygmpvv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-muscle-skeleton-attachment-parameters-including-2tmz1qct.png TABLE II MUSCLE-SKELETON ATTACHMENT PARAMETERS INCLUDING MOMENT ARM r0 , MAXIMUM AND REFERENCE ANGLE, ϕmax AND ϕref , AND SCALING FACTOR ρ AS USED IN [17]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-neuromuscular-model-walking-with-human-foot-design-1i3d4rxx.png Fig. 3. Neuromuscular model walking with human foot design. Snap shots of the model are shown for every 200ms of simulation. The model starts with 1% muscle activation for all its muscles at initial values of the ankle, knee, and hip angles equal to 85◦, 175◦ and 175◦ for left leg, and 90◦, 175◦ and 140◦ for right leg). The control stabilizes the model into steady walking at about 1.3ms−1 within a few steps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-alternative-foot-designs-a-rigid-arched-foot-used-as-782en7tf.png Fig. 2. Alternative foot designs. (a) Rigid arched foot used as baseline model for energetic cost comparisons. (b) Windlass mechanism. (c) Human-like adaptive foot that includes the windlass mechanism and toe actuation. (d) Passive adaptive foot that preserves the windlass mechanism and adds a passive toe extension spring for automatic toe lift in swing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-energetic-cost-for-walking-with-different-feet-the-1tp02r59.png Fig. 5. Energetic cost for walking with different feet. The minimum energetic costs are shown at six target speeds for the neuromuscular walking models with the baseline, human, and passive foot configurations. For comparison, humans consume 3.3–3.6 Jkg−1m−1 at a normal speed of 1.2ms−1 [26]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-energetic-cost-relative-to-the-baseline-model-the-7ijg21vr.png Fig. 6. Energetic cost relative to the baseline model. The model with the human-like foot incurs at least 20% more energetic cost than the baseline model for walking speeds up to 1.2ms−1, but shows only small differences for faster walking speeds. In contrast, the passive foot model has at least 15% advantage in energetic cost over the baseline model throughout all walking speeds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-neuromuscular-human-walking-model-the-model-has-seven-wiw07f7r.png Fig. 1. Neuromuscular human walking model. The model has seven segments driven by 14 muscles. Segment masses and inertias reflect human data. Muscles are modeled as Hill-type muscles with force-length and force-velocity relationships, and include series and parallel springs. The control is purely reflexive. It does not require central pattern generators or precomputed joint trajectories. Key muscle reflexes active in swing (shown for left leg) are the positive length feedback (L+) of tibialis anterior (TA) lifting the foot, L+ of the hip flexor and its suppression by positive force feedback (F+) of the biarticular hamstring (HAM) and the glutei (GLU). Key reflexes in stance (right leg) are F+ of the leg extensors soleus (SOL), gastrocmenius (GAS) and vastii (VAS), negative force feedback (F−) from SOL to TA suppressing the TA L+, and the trunk balance control around a reference lean from the vertical that activates either GLU and HAM or HFL based on a proportional-derivative signal of the forward lean. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-mechanical-parameters-for-the-three-different-foot-31odicvz.png TABLE I MECHANICAL PARAMETERS FOR THE THREE DIFFERENT FOOT DESIGNS (BASELINE, HUMAN AND PASSIVE). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-characteristic-example-of-the-cost-and-parameter-wfgaii9z.png Fig. 4. Characteristic example of the cost and parameter evolution during optimization. The example shows the first optimization run for the walking model with the baseline foot (Fig. 2a) for a target speed of 1.4ms−1. The top panel shows the evolution of the lowest achieved cost J . The cost changes substantially during the first 100 generations and levels off after about 250 generations. The minimum cost is found after 380 generations (circle). The bottom panel shows the corresponding evolution of the control parameters, which equally settle after 250 generations. https://scispace.com/papers/the-enhanced-electrochemical-response-of-sr-ti0-3fe0-7ru0-07-1lfhjbttk2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-hr-stem-and-b-hr-tem-with-their-corresponding-eds-13j2utl2.png Figure 3. (a) HR-STEM and (b) HR-TEM with their corresponding EDS spectra. The peaks of Cu correspond to the grid. https://scispace.com/papers/the-enhancement-of-droplet-collision-by-electric-charges-and-vfvo1o27tp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-temporal-changes-in-droplet-total-number-33bhxk6q.png Figure 15. Temporal changes in droplet total number concentration and total charge content for r̄ = 6.5 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-the-electric-force-from-the-conductor-2buj72pb.png Figure 3. Comparison of the electric force from the conductor model (Davis, 1964; Eq. 15 in this study) and the inverse-square law (Eq. 12 in this study). Positive force represents repulsion and negative force represents attraction. Radius of the pair is set to r1 = 10 µm and r2 = 2.5 µm, respectively. Solid lines are for the droplet pair with the same sign of electric charges, with q1 =+100e and q2 =+25e. Dashed lines are for droplets with the opposite sign of electric charges, with q1 =+100e and q2 =−25e. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-schematic-diagram-of-all-the-forces-acting-on-two-29lctq5s.png Figure 2. A schematic diagram of all the forces acting on two charged droplets and droplet velocities and the induced flow velocities. The electric field E0 is vertically downward, and the electric charges are q1>0,q2<0. Note that the electrostatic force F e1, F e2 includes two parts, namely the electric force from the other droplet (F inter in the figure) and the force purely from the external electric field (q1E0, q2E0 in the figure). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-the-evolution-of-the-droplet-size-distribution-3plnctzd.png Figure 14. The evolution of the droplet size distribution with initial r̄ = 6.5 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-comparison-of-evolutions-of-the-2d-distribution-of-yrbuzbwv.png Figure 13. Comparison of evolutions of the 2D distribution of droplet mass concentration with different electric conditions at 60 min (initial r̄ = 9 µm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-evolution-of-the-droplet-size-distribution-1rc7tmgf.png Figure 11. The evolution of the droplet size distribution with initial r̄ = 9 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-temporal-changes-in-droplet-total-number-1cpblni8.png Figure 12. Temporal changes in droplet total number concentration and total charge content for r̄ = 9 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-example-of-droplet-redistribution-to-new-size-1ew4t02g.png Figure 4. An example of droplet redistribution to new size and charge bins after collision–coalescence. Black dots denote the two bins of droplets before collision–coalescence. The red dot denotes the droplets after collision–coalescence but not on the bin grids. Blue dots denote the droplets that are redistributed to the new bins. Numbers close to the blue dots are the percentage of droplets that are redistributed into that bin. The redistribution method is constrained by particle number conservation, mass conservation, and charge conservation. https://scispace.com/papers/the-enhancing-effect-of-afforestation-over-secondary-1ll2xfb5ui 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-individual-soil-samples-plotted-on-the-first-and-third-2u6l8w8v.png Fig. 2. Individual soil samples plotted on the first and third principal component axes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-aggregate-stability-of-4-4-8mmaggregates-measured-by-1whxg2kz.png Fig. 8.Aggregate stability of 4–4.8mmaggregates, measured by thewater drop impactmethod, is displayed in the box-and-whisker diagrams showing themedian (black line), 25th, 75th (resp. upper/lower part box) and min./max. Value (whiskers). The horizontal grey line represents the mean value found in the “Cereal field” plots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-the-individual-parameters-on-the-first-3grctdav.png Fig. 4. Distribution of the individual parameters on the first and third principal components. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-hierarchic-clustering-of-themeans-of-all-studied-1qavo6ke.png Fig. 3.Hierarchic clustering of themeans of all studied parameters, grouped over the Land Use History, using Euclidean distance and nearest neighbour as settings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-box-and-whisker-diagrams-showing-themedian-black-line-8gb752fv.png Fig. 7.Box-and-whisker diagrams showing themedian (black line), 25th, 75th (resp. upper/lower part box) andmin./max. Value (whiskers) for C:N ratio (a), C:P ratio (b) andN:P ratio (c). The horizontal grey line represents the mean value found in the “Cereal field” plots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-correlogram-of-the-dataset-using-the-spearman-rank-12e53bks.png Fig. 5. Correlogram of the dataset, using the Spearman rank correlation test. Non-significant (p N 0.05) coefficients are crossed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-per-land-use-history-five-replicates-per-luh-2jrrlm2x.png Table 1 Means per Land Use History, five replicates per LUH, of the studied soil properties. Standard deviation is shown in brackets. a and b indicate significant different grouping between LUH classes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-box-and-whisker-diagrams-showing-the-median-black-line-3nxndk95.png Fig. 6. Box-and-whisker diagrams showing the median (black line), 25th, 75th (resp. upper/lower part box) and min./max. Value (whiskers) for SOM content. The horizontal grey line represents the mean value found in the “Cereal field” plots. https://scispace.com/papers/the-entrepreneurial-culture-guiding-principles-of-the-self-12eh3wv70s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-self-direction-values-by-age-for-the-self-201v65l8.png Figure 3. Mean self-direction values by age for the self-employed and the non-selfemployed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-security-values-by-age-for-the-self-employed-1hcxk3bw.png Figure 2. Mean security values by age for the self-employed and the non-self-employed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-mean-security-values-by-sex-for-the-self-employed-18i46zdw.png Figure 8. Mean security values by sex for the self-employed and the non-self-employed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cross-national-importance-of-individual-value-items-2una8cui.png Table 2. Cross-National Importance of Individual Value Items https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-differences-in-the-guiding-principles-of-the-self-1b5zfwcb.png Figure 1: Differences in the guiding principles of the self-employed a. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-security-values-by-income-for-the-self-s20p21wz.png Figure 6. Mean security values by income for the self-employed and the non-selfemployed (household income in thousand €). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mean-self-direction-values-by-income-for-the-self-l25mw8vj.png Figure 7. Mean self-direction values by income for the self-employed and the non-selfemployed (household income in thousand €). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-self-direction-values-by-level-of-education-13yk86cs.png Figure 5. Mean self-direction values by level of education for the self-employed and the non-self-employed. https://scispace.com/papers/the-entrepreneurial-dimensions-of-transnational-education-2e0jd42pjo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-transnational-education-partnerships-as-a-form-of-2mo8poz8.png Table 1. Transnational education partnerships as a form of entrepreneurialism. https://scispace.com/papers/the-entropy-of-lukasiewicz-languages-56e06qyshy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-typical-plot-of-the-structure-generating-3nmrlqvg.png Figure 2: A typical plot of the structure generating functions of Ł andC∪B https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plot-of-the-functionf-l-in-the-case-of-two-positive-oh8se0uz.png Figure 1: Plot of the functionf (λ ) in the case of two positive roots https://scispace.com/papers/the-entry-cost-shock-and-the-re-rating-of-power-prices-in-7gh0pudrdn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overnight-capital-cost-of-new-plant-coal-combined-xwmi508o.png Figure 3: ‘Overnight capital cost’ of new plant – coal, combined and open cycle gas turbines https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-change-in-the-entry-cost-of-new-plant-2004-2009-1khe2dky.png Table 5: Change in the entry cost of new plant (2004 – 2009) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-price-trace-for-bank-bill-swap-rate-10-year-oxh3g5z9.png Figure 4: Price trace for bank bill swap rate, 10-year interest rate swaps & corporate spreads https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-power-station-technical-and-cost-assumptions-1queyuh4.png Table 4: Power station technical and cost assumptions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-weighted-average-capital-cost-for-an-australian-i0lk8lt3.png Table 3: Weighted average capital cost for an Australian merchant power project https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-50-year-history-of-average-electricity-price-in-new-yp5yrjta.png Figure 1: 50-year history of average electricity price in New South Wales https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-forward-prices-sep-2001-to-jun-2009-for-nsw-base-1wym7ofs.png Figure 2: Forward prices (Sep-2001 to Jun-2009) for NSW base swaps https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-aggregate-etef-franchise-customers-for-2007-and-1vgpyb3u.png Figure 5: Aggregate ETEF Franchise customers for 2007 and 2008 https://scispace.com/papers/the-environment-associated-with-significant-tornadoes-in-4z9a1fk7cr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-quantile-quantile-plot-for-weibull-distribution-fit-to-2761j3i6.png Fig. 4. Quantile–quantile plot for Weibull distribution fit to tornado-related deaths in Bangladesh. Axes are plotted on a logarithmic scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cumulative-distribution-function-of-number-of-tornado-3sps1ulp.png Fig. 5. Cumulative distribution function of number of tornado related deaths in Bangladesh (solid line) and for those in theU.S. from 1950 to 2013 for F4 or greater tornadoes (dashed line). Cumulative probability (p) for number of deaths is shown on the ordinate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-arw-simulated-composite-reflectivity-dbz-color-1rdoncw3.png Fig. 16. ARW simulated composite reflectivity (dBZ; color shading with scale on the left), equivalent potential temperature (K; gray shading with scale on bottom) and 10-mwinds (half barb = 2.5 m s−1, full barb = 5 m s−1). The ARWmodel is initialized at 0000 UTC 13 May 1996 with forecast valid times (on 13 May) labeled at the upper left of each panel. The MCS outflow boundary is depicted in dashed pink, with the dryline depicted in dashed orange/yellow. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-values-of-storm-relative-helicity-srh-and-300-hpa-2nd4oyq3.png Table 3 Values of storm-relative helicity (SRH) and 300-hPa storm relative (SR) wind speed for different stormmotion directions of the 13May 1996 tornadic supercell. Storm speed utilized is from Bunkers method (13 m s−1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-arw-model-grid-configuration-and-physics-3r8ahb7o.png Table 2 ARW model grid configuration and physics parameterization choices used for the nearstorm environment simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-nested-domain-configuration-utilized-for-the-arw-1edi8dg7.png Fig. 6.Nested domain configuration utilized for the ARW simulations. Horizontal grid spacing of each nested domain is listed in the lower left corner. Bangladesh lies at the center of the innermost domain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-box-and-whisker-plots-of-0-1-and-0-3-km-agl-storm-q8lwbntg.png Fig. 14. Box and whisker plots of 0–1, and 0–3 km AGL storm-relative helicity (SRH, units ofm2 s−2) from the ARW simulations for the events highlighted in Table A1. Boxes denote the 25th to 75th percentiles, with horizontal bar at themedian value. Dashed vertical lines (whiskers) extend to the minimum andmaximum values. Individual data points are indicated by black dots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-geostationary-meteorological-satellite-gms-visible-24qgmcge.png Fig. 15. Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS) visible satellite imagery from 13 May 1996 centered over Bangladesh. + sign is a reference marker close to convective initiation location. https://scispace.com/papers/the-eortc-qlu-c10d-was-more-efficient-in-detecting-clinical-1qmrcphyfo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sociodemographic-and-clinical-information-n-619-3066bprg.png Table 1: Sociodemographic and clinical information (N=619). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlations-between-qlu-c10-and-eq-5d-index-and-1pv850j0.png Table 4: Correlations between QLU-C10 and EQ-5D index and domain scores https://scispace.com/papers/the-epigraphical-collection-of-museum-ranggawarsita-in-2tye2imhgu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-wangkud-inscription-efeo-estampage-n-2038-2fv6kwo6.png Figure 10. Wangkud inscription. EFEO estampage n. 2038. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-balekambang-inscription-composition-of-the-two-efeo-2l5mya9z.png Figure 4. Balekambang inscription. Composition of the two EFEO estampages n. 2040 and n. 2039. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mrs-04-0076-the-two-fragments-of-the-balekambang-38zhpei3.png Figure 3. MRS 04.0076. The two fragments of the Balekambang inscription as exhibited in 2011. Photo Arlo Griffiths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-banjaran-inscription-efeo-estampage-n-2034-3ra5ae8j.png Figure 8. Banjaran inscription. EFEO estampage n. 2034. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-mrs-04-1016-inscribed-signet-ring-photo-arlo-17y58mdg.png Figure 16. MRS 04.1016. Inscribed signet ring. Photo Arlo Griffiths, inverted horizontally. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-mrs-04-1017-inscribed-signet-ring-photo-arlo-wiq4bxi9.png Figure 17. MRS 04.1017. Inscribed signet ring. Photo Arlo Griffiths, inverted horizontally. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-mrs-04-1018-inscribed-signet-ring-photo-arlo-39cmak2r.png Figure 18. MRS 04.1018. Inscribed signet ring. Photo Arlo Griffiths, inverted horizontally. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mrs-04-0078-banjaran-inscription-photo-veronique-2gannixf.png Figure 7. MRS 04.0078. Banjaran inscription. Photo Véronique Degroot. https://scispace.com/papers/the-eoles-project-remote-labs-across-the-mediterranean-14afoozhwe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-work-package-list-1kgqukat.png Table 1 - Work Package List https://scispace.com/papers/the-equal-employment-opportunity-commission-and-structural-2rpvxz7197 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-features-of-resolved-eeoc-systemic-cases-fy-1997-32g4yahj.png TABLE 6: FEATURES OF RESOLVED EEOC SYSTEMIC CASES, FY 1997–2006 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-significant-motions-and-events-in-eeoc-systemic-1hx00q48.png TABLE 5: SIGNIFICANT MOTIONS AND EVENTS IN EEOC SYSTEMIC CASES RESOLVED BY AGREEMENT (FILED FY 1997 TO 2006) (N = 229) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-remedies-involving-accountability-to-stakeholders-1d5pfd5y.png TABLE 10: REMEDIES INVOLVING ACCOUNTABILITY TO STAKEHOLDERS AND INTERMEDIARIES IN EEOC SYSTEMIC CASES (N=215) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-remedies-involving-accountability-measures-1jsq96sh.png TABLE 9: REMEDIES INVOLVING ACCOUNTABILITY MEASURES https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-remedies-involving-data-generation-in-eeoc-systemic-9kavgbt4.png TABLE 8: REMEDIES INVOLVING DATA GENERATION IN EEOC SYSTEMIC CASES (N=215) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-characteristics-of-eeoc-systemic-cases-filed-1lyd2ttr.png TABLE 1: SUMMARY CHARACTERISTICS OF EEOC SYSTEMIC CASES FILED FY 1997–2006 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-monetary-award-eeoc-systemic-cases-filed-fy-1997-3bixqqa9.png TABLE 3: MONETARY AWARD,* EEOC SYSTEMIC CASES FILED FY 1997–2006. REAL (2007) DOLLARS, IN THOUSANDS https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-type-of-resolution-systemic-eeoc-cases-filed-fy-1997-1i9r0xuc.png TABLE 4: TYPE OF RESOLUTION, SYSTEMIC EEOC CASES FILED FY 1997 TO 2006* https://scispace.com/papers/the-erosion-of-university-freedom-and-autonomy-nigerian-4j5r10fzwd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-areas-of-government-interference-on-university-1rpy40en.png Table 1: Areas of government interference on university governance https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-budgetary-allocation-to-education-2000-2010-1x8454jb.png Table 2: Budgetary allocation to education 2000 – 2010 https://scispace.com/papers/the-escrt-iii-isoforms-chmp2a-and-chmp2b-display-different-38vtapa885 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-see-legend-on-next-page-1iexpww5.png Fig. 3 (See legend on next page.) https://scispace.com/papers/the-error-bounded-descriptional-complexity-of-approximation-jovltlhm4l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-1-the-error-of-the-linear-approximation-1oylqvik.png Fig. A.1 The error of the linear approximation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3-the-individual-neural-approximations-for-a-1-b-0-m-5-2vresbo9.png Fig. 3.3 The individual neural approximations for a=1, b=0, m=5 https://scispace.com/papers/the-error-of-our-ways-the-experience-of-self-reported-apovs9l1d7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-street-players-map-zoomed-out-and-in-1zmv7g47.png Figure 2: street player’s map, zoomed out and in https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-street-players-experience-the-park-streets-and-3spnd9b9.png Figure 1: street player’s experience: the park, streets and office https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-plot-of-all-explicitly-declared-positions-n2dhig0q.png Figure 5: a plot of all explicitly declared positions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-online-player-observes-a-declaration-3v22fy6s.png Figure 4: an online player observes a declaration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-online-player-observes-a-map-manipulation-qxdpsqdx.png Figure 3: an online player observes a map manipulation https://scispace.com/papers/the-essential-need-for-gm-crops-2khscus3sx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-smart-gm-sensing-to-optimize-farm-inputs-sensitive-oltvweit.png Figure 1 | Smart GM sensing to optimize farm inputs. Sensitive ‘sentinel’ plants would detect a problem (for example, pests, diseases, weed competition and depleted nutrients and water) or https://scispace.com/papers/the-essential-role-and-the-continuous-evolution-of-1e6njg8i91 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-introduction-of-the-modulation-concept-a-typical-116en5r4.png Fig. 1. Introduction of the modulation concept. a) Typical structure of a control and modulation method of a voltage source inverter b) Three-phase two-level voltage source dc/ac converter c) Switched waveform and average value of the phase voltage vaN . https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-pseudo-modulation-and-closed-loop-methods-with-1wie5qt6.png TABLE II PSEUDO-MODULATION AND CLOSED-LOOP METHODS WITH IMPLICIT MODULATOR https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-block-diagrams-to-operate-a-dc-ac-power-converter-a-3luglign.png Fig. 3. Block diagrams to operate a dc/ac power converter. a) Open-loop operation b) Closed-loop operation using a controller and a modulator c) Closed-loop operation using a controller with implicit modulator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-general-classification-of-gate-signals-generation-4e9hvr2w.png Fig. 2. General classification of gate signals generation methods for voltage source dc/ac power converters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-conventional-modulation-schemes-for-multilevel-2xp5d5tx.png TABLE III CONVENTIONAL MODULATION SCHEMES FOR MULTILEVEL VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTERS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-classic-modulation-schemes-for-three-phase-two-level-wp9vqisi.png TABLE I CLASSIC MODULATION SCHEMES FOR THREE-PHASE TWO-LEVEL VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTERS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-some-recent-control-and-modulation-techniques-for-2bfj3hmh.png TABLE IV SOME RECENT CONTROL AND MODULATION TECHNIQUES FOR VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTERS https://scispace.com/papers/the-estimation-of-genetic-parameters-for-growth-curve-traits-w3thtvl66k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-observed-and-predicted-body-weights-kg-of-raeini-1r9td6iy.png Fig. 1. Observed and predicted body weights (kg) of Raeini Cashmere goat at different ages by Gompertz model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-least-squares-means-s-e-for-the-studied-growth-curve-ky2mp5fh.png Table 1 Least squares means (± S.E.) for the studied growth curve traitsof Raeini Cashmere goat. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variance-components-and-direct-heritability-2mvkd75e.png Table 2 Variance components and direct heritability estimates for the studied growth curve traits in Raeini Cashmere goat. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimates-of-genetic-above-diagonal-and-phenotypic-4yxnbzeq.png Table 3 Estimates of genetic (above diagonal) and phenotypic (below diagonal) correlations between the studied growth curve traits in Raeini Cashmere goat. https://scispace.com/papers/the-ethanol-sensors-made-from-4d5m70m38o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-response-rair-rgas-to-ethanol-vapors-for-sensors-made-5s14t8jo.png Fig. 4 Response (Rair/Rgas) to ethanol vapors for sensors made from α-Fe2O3 decorated with MWCNTs at different temperatures of the work body. The concentration of ethanol vapors was 5000 ppm. Data about the work body temperature is given on Fig. 4 on the right y-axis and response (Rair/Rgas) – on the left y-axis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-images-with-different-magnification-for-decorated-3b63nbpt.png Fig. 1 SEM images with different magnification for decorated α-Fe2O3/MWCNTs (25:1) nanopowder https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-response-to-all-tested-gases-and-selectivity-for-3oyepi8f.png Fig. 5 Response to all tested gases and selectivity for sensors made from α-Fe2O3 decorated with MWCNTs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-xrd-spectra-of-the-decorated-a-fe2o3-mwcnts-25-1-2t2r8hmv.png Fig. 2 The XRD spectra of the decorated α-Fe2O3/MWCNTs (25:1) nanopowder https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-response-of-sensors-made-from-the-a-fe2o3-mwcnts-25-1-1t3hwpwo.png Fig. 6 Response of sensors made from the α-Fe2O3/MWCNTs (25:1) nanostructure to different concentrations of ethanol vapors. Temperature of the sensor work body was equal 300 o C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-optical-date-from-ellipsometric-measurements-for-h3ifeae3.png Fig. 3 Optical date from ellipsometric measurements for sensors made from α-Fe2O3 decorated with MWCNTs. Data about refractive index (n) is given on Fig. 3 on the left y-axis and extinction coefficient (k) – on the right y-axis https://scispace.com/papers/the-ethical-dilemma-of-expatriates-in-emerging-economies-a-5aag0emqzc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-241xmhrq.png FIGURE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2js1fyjp.png FIGURE 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-ethnobotany-of-the-kwanyama-ovambos-46v7ljh7ya 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-traditional-kwanyama-brides-cos-tume-palm-fibers-d9b33dxq.png Figure 17. Traditional Kwanyama bride’s cos¬ tume. Palm fibers from Hyphaene ventricosa are used as frame for hair, body covered with red ochre mixed with vegetable oil stamped from seeds. https://scispace.com/papers/the-ethics-of-using-children-s-drawings-in-research-5abvs6n1qc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-elizabeth-6-3-years-w188wqxg.png Figure 2 (Elizabeth, 6.3 years) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kiki-5-8-years-2zceq13r.png Figure 1 (Kiki, 5.8 years) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-red-dragon-5-1-years-3mfsx03s.png Figure 3 (Red Dragon, 5.1 years) https://scispace.com/papers/the-eu-constitution-and-the-british-public-what-the-polls-ojisa68s1o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-british-attitudes-and-persuadability-on-the-eu-22ra2ba1.png Table 1: British Attitudes and Persuadability on the EU Constitution https://scispace.com/papers/the-european-budget-in-the-years-2007-to-2013-and-the-common-347ualdvb3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-eu-expenditure-3ddm6eed.png Table 2 EU Expenditure https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-eu-revenue-in-2006-2bhg4a8t.png Table 1 EU Revenue in 2006 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gdp-per-capita-at-purchasing-power-parity-as-a-2dszk067.png Figure 1 GDP per Capita at Purchasing Power Parity as a Percentage of the EU-25 Average in 2005 https://scispace.com/papers/the-european-security-industry-a-research-agenda-2op3ydgkc0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sources-of-information-identified-366bk2qh.png Table 2. Sources of information identified. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-government-expenditures-in-public-order-and-safety-1dppmppj.png Table 1. Government expenditures in Public order and safety in M€ (2003-2007) Source: EUROSTAT (series: General Government expenditure function, Classification of the functions of government: 3 Public Order and safety, National accounts indicators: P2 Intermediate consumption + P5 gross capital formation) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-european-companies-working-in-the-29jgjtlm.png Figure 2. Number of European companies working in the security sector. Source: European Security Directory 2009 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-what-do-european-union-citizens-fear-source-1lqwz1nc.png Figure 1. What do European Union citizens fear? Source: Eurobarometre, Sondage no. 58.1 Oct./Nov. 2002. https://scispace.com/papers/the-europeanization-of-welfare-the-domestic-impact-of-intra-3jax38wqe8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mediating-europeanisation-1zknpwao.png Figure 1: Mediating Europeanisation https://scispace.com/papers/the-evaluation-of-community-economic-development-initiatives-59ppm588n4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-role-progression-in-capacity-building-kyyiv7wx.png Figure 1. Role progression in capacity building. https://scispace.com/papers/the-evaluation-of-a-2d-diode-array-in-magic-phantom-for-use-3k6c4lfkgc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definition-of-symbols-used-for-hdr-position-time-2v5l3aji.png Table 1 - Definition of symbols used for HDR position-time gamma index. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-equal-or-le-26kktf6c.png Figure 3 - equal or le https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-the-calculated-total-transit-dose-contribution-2vjs912q.png Figure 16 – The calculated total transit dose contribution, delivered to the MPh detector plane for the unmodified treatment plan. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-calculated-dose-maps-against-the-2v7vrzky.png Table 4 – Comparison of calculated dose maps against the reference TPS planned dwell positions and times. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2xyyx7vp.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-gamma-analysis-for-all-catheters-dta-1-3-mm-tta-0-3vqjc552.png Figure 11 - Gamma analysis for all catheters (DTA = 1.3 mm, TTA = 0.3 s). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-gamma-analysis-for-catheter-1-dta-1-3-mm-tta-0-3-s-b9gsn3ka.png Figure 10 - Gamma analysis for Catheter 1 (DTA = 1.3 mm, TTA = 0.3 s). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dwell-position-frequency-histogram-and-comparison-2frwk03g.png Figure 6 – Dwell position frequency histogram and comparison of dwell position timing pattern for Catheter 1 with the TPS plan. The circles show the total dwell time calculated from the corresponding peak at that position. https://scispace.com/papers/the-evaluation-of-the-applicability-of-a-high-ph-mobile-2sx829ikoc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-linearity-lods-and-loqs-of-the-final-lc-ms-ms-method-3h3kbxfm.png Table 3 Linearity, LODs and LOQs of the final LC–MS/MS method for analysis of urine and blood. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-different-combinations-of-mobile-phase-1kgbcv0h.png Fig. 1. Comparison of different combinations of mobile phase and ionization interface. Flow injection analysis of stock solutions containing 100 ng/ml of the compound was performed for each combination of ESI or APCI and the different mobile phases at 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% organic modifier (measuring points are indicated by the symbols). T on th w ate in a rmate https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-chromatogram-of-an-extracted-urine-sample-spiked-at-2ikenkb4.png Fig. 2. Chromatogram of an extracted urine sample spiked at the low concentration level. In order of elution: (1) 7-aminoflunitrazepam, (2) zaleplon, (3) bromazepam, (4) N-desmethylflunitrazepam, (5) zopiclone, (6) nitrazepam, (7) clonazepam, (8) flunitrazepam, (9) clobazam, (10) IS, (11) oxazepam, (12) zolpidem, (13) alprazolam, (14) lorazepam, (15) triazolam, (16) temazepam, (17) brotizolam, (18) lormetazepam, (19) loprazolam, (20) nordiazepam, (21) diazepam, (22) midazolam, (23) ethylloflazepate, (24) tetrazepam, (25) flurazepam, (26) prazepam. A detailed chromatogram between 3.7 min and 5.8 min is shown in the box. Because of the difficult availability of standards f unds c r https://scispace.com/papers/the-evaluation-of-the-impact-of-innovation-management-10s0xj0su7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-framework-3qlv2i8i.png Figure 1: Conceptual framework https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-details-of-in-depth-interviews-18jsh4qo.png Table 1: The details of in-depth interviews https://scispace.com/papers/the-evaluation-of-the-insertion-parameters-and-complications-2axyzox6f4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-secondary-outcomes-and-their-presentation-13da9fcq.png Table 1. Secondary outcomes and their presentation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-study-flow-chart-2tusenwz.png Figure 1. The study flow chart https://scispace.com/papers/the-evaluation-of-the-far-field-integral-in-the-green-s-16twlrx7sx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-division-of-the-surface-of-the-sphere-sr-1i2f34zh.png FIG. 1. The division of the surface of the sphere SR. https://scispace.com/papers/the-evolution-and-internal-structure-of-jupiter-and-saturn-5046fh9bfu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-the-primordial-dashed-black-and-current-state-6e1bhj2l.png Figure 3. Top: the primordial (dashed-black) and current-state (solid-red) distribution of heavy elements in Saturn for Case-S0 (left), Case-S1 (middle),and Case-S2 (right). Bottom: the density (blue) and temperature (red) profiles for the current-state internal structure for Case-S0 (left), Case-S1 (middle),and Case-S2 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-same-as-figure-2-for-the-saturn-cases-case-s0-left-pu3uwidb.png Figure 4. Same as Figure 2 for the Saturn cases: Case-S0 (left), Case-S1 (middle),and Case-S2 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-top-the-primordial-dashed-black-and-current-state-3l0kx0pw.png Figure 8. Top: the primordial (dashed-black) and current-state (solid) distributions of heavy elements in Saturn for Case-S2 when using H2O (blue) and SiO2 (red). The arrows mark the outer region in the current-state internal structure that is fully convective. Bottom: temperature (left) and density (right) for the current-state internal structure with the heavy elements being represented by H2O (blue) and SiO2 (red). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-temperature-left-and-density-right-profiles-for-the-p331k55m.png Figure 7. Temperature (left) and density (right) profiles for the current-state internal structure for the four Saturn models. For comparison, also shown is an adiabatic envelope model of Saturn (Helled & Guillot 2013). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-top-the-primordial-distribution-of-heavy-elements-1xtr8pmg.png Figure 5. Top: the primordial distribution of heavy elements and helium (dashed-black) and current-state distribution of heavy elements (solid-red) and of helium (solid-cyan) in Saturn for Case-S3 (left) and Case-S4 (right). Bottom: the density (blue) and temperature (red) profiles for the current-state internal structuresfor CaseS3 (left) and Case-S4 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-for-jupiter-and-saturn-models-jci7z6z1.png Table 1 Results for Jupiter and Saturn Models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-the-primordial-dashedblack-and-current-state-lfhekphn.png Figure 1. Top: the primordial (dashedblack) and current-state (solidred) distribution of heavy elements in Jupiter for Case-J0 (left), Case-J1 (middle), and Case-J2 (right). Bottom: the density (blue) and temperature (red) profiles for the current-state internal structure for Case-J0 (left), Case-J1 (middle), and Case-J2 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-thermal-evolution-for-case-s3-and-case-s4-also-3qtq6g5r.png Figure 6. Thermal evolution for Case-S3 and Case-S4. Also shown hereare the entropy (top), convection efficiency (middle), and temperature (bottom) as a function of time (x-axis) and normalized planetary mass (y-axis). The discontinuity in the model occurs due to the inclusion of a helium shell (see the text for details). Units are the sameas in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/papers/the-evolution-of-a-hierarchical-partitioning-algorithm-for-5d782x75a3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-complex-domain-structures-29738iid.png Figure 1. Examples of Complex Domain Structures https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-cells-per-level-for-djehuty-50gb-3u8gipmk.png Table 1. Number of Cells per Level for Djehuty-50gb https://scispace.com/papers/the-evolution-of-chunks-in-sequence-learning-1v61dvxv9h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-171-evolution-of-the-chunking-pattern-for-one-v9s7x2ef.png Figure 2 171 Evolution of the chunking pattern for one individual (Atmosphere) throughout the task 172 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-217-summary-table-of-the-reorganizations-observed-3w4y9aza.png Table 1 217 Summary table of the reorganizations observed throughout the task for one baboon 218 (Atmophere). 219 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-223-total-number-of-concatenations-and-am7wp104.png Table 2 223 Total number of concatenations and recombinations per block. 224 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-120-experimental-display-and-stimuli-presentation-cxhezy13.png Figure 1 120 Experimental display and stimuli presentation 121 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-193-evolution-of-chunks-across-blocks-194-1r2jc0of.png Figure 3 193 Evolution of chunks across blocks 194 https://scispace.com/papers/the-evolution-of-a-g1-s-transcriptional-network-in-yeasts-1jmwo2gjjv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-genome-wide-1c4k9u0t.png Figure 1: Schematic representation of genome wide transcription analysis in Sc of chimeric Swi4 TFs containing orthologs DBDs from different fungal species (Hendler, et al. 2017). The chimeric TF containing orthologue DBD from S. pombe (Res2) leads to the expression of ~11% of SBF-dependent target genes while in Sc chimeric TF containing Mbp1 DBD from C. albicans leads to the expression of ~%40 of SBFdependent target genes. These subsets of genes are enriched with motifs that are more closely related to MCB consistent with a Res-like ancestor found in S. pombe. The expression of a smaller subset of genes, in some chimeric TFs, leads to phenotypic defects including slow growth rate and morphological abnormalities (Hendler, et al. 2017). A small number of genes containing MCB or SCB motifs that are expressed in Sc by the chimeric TF are shown for illustration. https://scispace.com/papers/the-evolution-and-persistence-of-dumbbells-1postosk3u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-isosurfaces-of-the-z-and-a-magnetic-field-strengths-2njfigik.png Figure 1: Isosurfaces of the Z- and A-magnetic field strengths for two different simulations, shown as the light and dark colour respectively. The left panels show β = 0.1, sin2θW = 0.994 (persistent regime) and the right ones β = 0.5, sin2θW = 0.995 (non-persistent regime). The top row is at an early stage of the simulation t = 50, while the lower is at the end t = 200. Note that in the first case there remain some long strings at the end of the simulation and connection can still occur. In the second all the defects are about to disappear. https://scispace.com/papers/the-evolution-of-oscillatory-behavior-in-age-structured-48gkyuu2av 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-patterns-of-periodicity-in-cyclic-populations-2glyxjq4.png Table 2: Patterns of periodicity in cyclic populations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stability-regions-evolutionary-trajectories-evol-1cyu2h3m.png Figure 2: Stability regions, evolutionary trajectories (evol. traj.), and evolutionarily stable states (ESS) in ( ) eigenvalue coefficient space for (B)u, v , (C) , (E) , and (F) age-structured models. All trajectories are for double trade-offs except in B, where ESS1 is for a single3 # 3 5 # 5 4 # 4 20# 20 and ESS2 for a double trade-off. A, Stability region in more detail for the case (typical of odd-dimensional models). D, Details for the3 # 3 case (typical of even-dimensional models). Boundary section end point periods shown in carets. Parameters: and ;4 # 4 f p 100.0 j p 0.50 0 for double and for single trade-off. In all cases, density dependence is a function only of adult population (i.e., ).g p 1.0 g p 0.5 c p c p 00 1 2 Boundaries: ; ; .qp p quasi-periodic pd p period doubling ext p extinction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pairwise-invadability-plot-for-model-1-with-a-25ionlg3.png Figure 1: Pairwise invadability plot for model (1), with a single trade-off relating adult survival to per capita reproduction (see eqq. [4]). Parameters: , , , and (i.e., density dependence is a function only of adult population).f p 100.0 j p 0.5 g p 0.5 c p c p 00 0 1 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sensitivity-analysis-of-evolutionarily-stable-state-1jr8vkf2.png Table 1: Sensitivity analysis of evolutionarily stable state (ESS) position and period with respect to density dependence (dd) and trade-off structure for model (1) https://scispace.com/papers/the-evolution-of-food-preferences-in-coccinellidae-2xrzhzoi6r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-psyllobora-vigintiduopunctata-l-larva-on-powdery-2e59b4db.png Fig. 5. Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata (L.). Larva on powdery mildew. Stanislav Krejcik, www.meloidae.com. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-coleomegilla-strenua-casey-adult-feeding-on-eggs-of-3uk1h6d8.png Fig. 8. Coleomegilla strenua (Casey). Adult feeding on eggs of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, www.bugwood.org. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-harmonia-axyridis-pallas-larvae-cannibalizing-a-16aamqjm.png Fig. 6. Harmonia axyridis (Pallas). Larvae cannibalizing a conspecific larva. Armin Hinterwirth, University of Washington. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-hyperaspis-sp-adult-feeding-on-spurge-flower-pollen-14hcnsr7.png Fig. 7. Hyperaspis sp. Adult feeding on spurge flower pollen. Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, www.bugwood.org. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-higher-level-classification-systems-of-153xjjhq.png Table 2 Comparison of higher-level classification systems of Sasaji (1971a), Kovář (1996) and Ślipiński (2007). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-list-of-taxa-used-in-the-analysis-including-genbank-9bsj5uvq.png Table 3 List of taxa used in the analysis including GenBank accession numbers. Dash represents missing data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-host-association-data-mapped-on-the-lady-beetle-1s1w8e5w.png Fig. 15. Host association data mapped on the lady beetle phylogeny resulting from the Bayesian analysis. Host type was scored at the superfamilial level for Sternorrhyncha Lady beetles with multiple hosts were scored as polymorphic whenever a preferred food source could not be determined. Ambiguous optimizations are indicated on the nodes. Adalia bipuncata image: courtesy of Guillermo González, www.coccinellidae.cl. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-phylogenetic-estimate-of-coccinellidae-based-on-2jnn4i6s.png Fig. 14. Phylogenetic estimate of Coccinellidae based on Bayesian analysis of two ribosomal nuclear genes. Majority-rule consensus tree of the 18,000 trees sampled by the Markov chain. Posterior probabilities for each branch are shown close to the nodes. Some nodes are numbered for further discussion. Curinus coeruleus image: courtesy of Guillermo González, www.coccinellidae.cl. https://scispace.com/papers/the-evolution-of-fracture-related-permeability-within-the-4df48i3vpp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-integrated-fracture-density-versus-distance-from-mn1jo1no.png Figure 7. Integrated Fracture Density versus Distance from the Quartz Monzonite Porphyry Center. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-freezing-temperatures-and-corresponding-salinities-32y8twug.png Table 2. Freezing Temperatures and Corresponding Salinities Collected from Sixteen Fluid Inclusions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fracture-density-data-collected-in-the-esperanza-pit-lwg884vs.png Table 1. Fracture Density Data Collected In the Esperanza Pit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-histograms-of-primary-and-secondary-fluid-2hy8rr53.png Figure 11. Histograms of Primary and Secondary Fluid Inclusions from Three Distinct Vein Types at a Sample Site 1.8 km from the System* s Center. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-paragenesis-of-principal-vein-filling-minerals-2vasfwef.png Figure 8. Paragenesis of Principal Vein-filling Minerals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-map-of-the-sierrita-porphyry-copper-1izfx1lp.png Figure 1. Location Map of the Sierrita Porphyry Copper Deposit and Other Nearby Mines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-fracture-densities-by-mineralogy-versus-distance-2yly2lfh.png Figure 13. Fracture Densities by Mineralogy versus Distance from the System’s Center with Homogenization Temperatures at 1.8 km. https://scispace.com/papers/the-evolution-of-internal-undular-bores-over-a-slope-in-the-1hz8olxw6c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-simulation-of-the-ostrovsky-equation-16-for-the-356jt66d.png Figure 3. A simulation of the Ostrovsky equation (16) for the box initial condition (37). The left panel is the matured undular bore developed in the KdV equation with a constant coefficient ν = 1 starting from the initial box with U0 = 8 for a run-time duration s = 20. Then afterwards, this undular bore is used as the input to the Ostrovsky equation in which a combined effect of varying rotation and nonlinearity is considered, as given in (34) and (35). The middle panel is at sa = 120 (the origin s = 0 of time domain is reset in the Ostrovsky equation) when νa = 0.2 and δa = 1.5; the right panel is for the case of polarity change, at sa = 120 when νa = −1 and δa = 1.5. In both cases, K = 0.03 in (34) and (35), so that Ksa = 3.6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-phase-speed-c-and-group-velocity-cg-in-22-23-3czw7hli.png Figure 1. The phase speed c and group velocity cg in (22, 23) are shown by solid and dashed lines respectively. The Ostrovksy equation (δ = 1 in equation (16)) is in dark, whereas the KdV equation (δ = 0 in (16)) is in grey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-simulation-of-the-ostrovsky-equation-16-for-the-2zypxp1k.png Figure 2. A simulation of the Ostrovsky equation (16) for the internal solitary wave initial condition (36). The left panel is at s = 0 with a = 8 when ν = 1 and δ = 0.5; the middle panel is the case without a polarity change at sa = 100 when νa = 0.2 and δa = 1.5; the right panel is for the case of polarity change, at sa = 100 when νa = −1 and δa = 1.5. In both cases, K = 0.05 in (34) and (35), so that Ksa = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-simulation-of-the-ostrovsky-equation-16-for-the-16juxtkv.png Figure 4. A simulation of the Ostrovsky equation (16) for the initial condition (38). The left panel is at s = 0 with U0 = 6, s1 = 20 and wavenumber k = 1 when ν = 1 and δ = 0.5; the middle panel is the case without a polarity change at sa = 120 when νa = 0.2 and δa = 1.5; the right panel is for the case of polarity change, at sa = 120 when νa = −1 and δa = 1.5. In both cases, K = 0.03 in (34) and (35), so that Ksa = 3.6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-same-as-in-figure-4-apart-from-that-s1-5-3d4w2g5d.png Figure 5. The same as in figure 4, apart from that s1 = 5. https://scispace.com/papers/the-evolution-of-post-secondary-education-a-computational-3a8leu3l4s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1lowv7ji.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-transition-frequencies-t3-1lbrggv3.png Table 6. Transition frequencies, T3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-transition-frequencies-t2-38zjyxow.png Table 5. Transition frequencies, T2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lbm1cqdo.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1wu9nui0.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-0-500-1000-1500-2000-2500-3000-0-1ryc7mw4.png Figure 1 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1ibv09ni.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-37lwpeta.png Table 1: https://scispace.com/papers/the-evolution-of-relativistic-binary-progenitor-systems-3xftbxirbh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-econtour-plots-of-a-dnal-spin-period-and-b-dnal-gpgj45kk.png FIG. 5.ÈContour plots of (a) Ðnal spin period and (b) Ðnal magnetic Ðeld strengths as a function of initial separation and helium star mass for the angular momentum propeller e†ect. Initial values are given using the Crab pulsar (PSR 0531[21) as a prototype. Therefore, we have set B i \ 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ehere-we-see-the-time-evolution-of-the-spin-period-for-2dk92wnv.png FIG. 4.ÈHere we see the time evolution of the spin period for a canonical neutron star ms and G) in a close orbit with a(P i \ 35 B i \ 7.5] 1012 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-espin-and-magnetic-deld-evolution-for-the-case-anda-i-r4iga4bw.png FIG. 3.ÈSpin and magnetic Ðeld evolution for the case anda i \ 3 R https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-econtour-plots-of-a-dnal-spin-period-and-b-dnal-1omtgxqc.png FIG. 6.ÈContour plots of (a) Ðnal spin period and (b) Ðnal magnetic Ðeld as functions of initial orbital separation and helium star mass for the energy propeller. Initial conditions and parameter space are the same as for the angular momentum propeller. Note that Ðnal values are much more strongly constrained, and it seems, it is very difficult for the E-propeller mechanism to either spin the neutron star into the graveyard or sufficiently recycle it to form a relativistic binary such as PSR 1913]16. In Fig. 6a we see that Ðnal spin periods near the line are sensitively dependent onaminthe initial conditions (see text for an explanation). From Fig. 6b we Ðnd that accretion and subsequent magnetic Ðeld decay is absent for the vast majority of the parameter space in the case of the E-propeller. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-e-a-plot-of-dnal-spin-period-as-a-function-of-initial-rd0fq4kz.png FIG. 7.È(a) Plot of Ðnal spin period as a function of initial separation in the range 1.27 (energy propeller, G,R https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-etime-evolution-of-the-pulsar-spin-period-solid-lines-19r9hqpp.png FIG. 1.ÈTime evolution of the pulsar spin period (solid lines) and magnetic Ðeld (dashed lines) over the main-sequence lifetime of the companion He star for both the angular momentum and energy propellers. For both cases, G, ms, and The initial heliumB https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-emain-sequence-evolution-for-the-case-of-a-low-mass-yp97m718.png FIG. 2.ÈMain-sequence evolution for the case of a low-mass helium star (3 in a wide orbit Other initial conditions are theM https://scispace.com/papers/the-evolution-of-the-boundary-layer-in-turbulent-rayleigh-2evwyykozr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-imaging-parameters-for-the-acquired-piv-sequences-of-34jvrnje.png TABLE I. Imaging parameters for the acquired PIV sequences of near wall RB convection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-setup-of-the-particle-image-velocimetry-technique-2htn45pt.png FIG. 2. Setup of the particle image velocimetry technique measuring the near-wall flow field at the hot bottom plate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-cross-correlation-functions-r-gw-u-and-r-gw-w-between-13g8uhve.png FIG. 8. Cross-correlation functions R(γ̇w,u′) (—–) and R(γ̇w, w′) (- - -) between the wall shear rate γ̇w and the velocity fluctuations u′ and w′ for a relative wall distance z/δ = 1 at position x/L = 0.64. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-various-instantaneous-flow-states-at-the-center-of-the-vzhxb4g5.png FIG. 3. Various instantaneous flow states at the center of the heating plate: (a) a laminar flow phase, (b) a transitional flow phase due to the inner shear of the boundary layer and thermal instabilities within it, (c) a transitional flow phase due to the entrainment of turbulent kinetic energy from the large-scale circulation, (d) a fully turbulent flow phase. The flow phases alternate within a few seconds. The position of the time-averaged boundary layer thickness δ99= 25.3 mm is indicated as well. Please note that for clarity, the mean wind is subtracted from the velocity fields shown in the two right subfigures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-temporal-evolution-12-000-samples-left-inset-and-1qa9m30n.png FIG. 6. Temporal evolution (12 000 samples, left inset) and probability density function (right inset) of the wall shear rate γ̇w = dU/dz |z=0 at x/L = 0.64 (mean: 13.7 s−1, σ : 6.8 s−1, skewness: 0.51). The inset of the right inset shows the PDF of a fully turbulent boundary layer at Reδ = 23 000 measured at the 1 m Goettingen Windtunnel.30 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-profiles-of-the-velocity-fluctuations-u-w-and-the-time-2lue9ram.png FIG. 7. Profiles of the velocity fluctuations |u′|, |w′| and the time-averaged Reynolds stress (u′w′)0.5 normalized by the maximum velocity at the center of the heating plate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-boundary-layer-data-obtained-for-measurement-29r1k9ng.png TABLE II. Boundary layer data obtained for measurement positions A∗ through D∗. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-profiles-of-the-velocity-fluctuations-u-w-and-the-t95mbu8a.png FIG. 11. Profiles of the velocity fluctuations |u′|, |w′| and the time-averaged Reynolds stress (u′w′)0.5 normalized by the maximum velocity at the center of the heating plate at various measurement positions A∗ (a), C∗ (b), D∗ (c). https://scispace.com/papers/the-evolution-of-shipping-emissions-and-the-costs-of-recent-mcmvreokjf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-predicted-emissions-and-shipping-statistics-for-the-1ncx9g1y.png Table 1.Predicted emissions and shipping statistics for the ECA in 2009. Shipping emission inventories by EMEP have also been presented for comparison purposes. Payload is the amount of transferred freight inside the ECA, which has been estimated based on ship’s deadweight and its type-specific fraction of payload reported in Buhaug et al. (2009). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-predicted-geographic-distribution-of-shipping-2fty69ig.png Figure 4: Predicted geographic distribution of shipping emissions of CO2 in the ECA in 2011. 708 The colour code indicates emissions in relative mass units per unit area. 709 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-predicted-geographic-distribution-of-shipping-14ar292u.png Figure 5: Predicted geographic distribution of shipping emissions of PM2.5 in the ECA in 2011. 712 PM2.5 has been assumed to consist of organic and elemental carbon, ash and moist sulfate particles. 713 Fig. 5. Predicted geographic distributi n of shipping emi sions of PM2.5 in the ECA in 2011. PM2.5 has been assumed to consist of https://scispace.com/figures/figures-6a-d-predicted-geographic-distribution-of-the-14azq5dk.png Figures 6a-d: Predicted geographic distribution of the shipping emissions of for 715 passenger (a), container (b), cargo (c) and miscellaneous (d) ships in the ECA in 2011. 716 Passenger ships include RoPaX vessels, cruisers, ferries and other passenger ships. Cargo 717 ships include general cargo, RoRo, vehicle carriers and bulk carriers. Miscellaneous ships 718 include yachts, fishing boats, tugs, ice breakers, barges dredge ships, etc. 719 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-predictions-for-the-slow-steaming-scenarios-2u45sg9o.png Table 4.The predictions for the slow-steaming scenarios, assuming speed reductions of 30 % (a) and 10 % (b). Speed reductions have been applied only for instantaneous speeds exceeding 10 knots. “Share of total FC 2011” refers to the estimated share of total fuel consumption in the ECA in 2011. Operational time is the combined duration of berthing, maneuvering and cruising. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-predicted-emissions-and-shipping-statistics-for-the-1kslhifw.png Table 2.Predicted emissions and shipping statistics for the ECA in 2011. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-numbers-of-candidate-ships-for-the-installment-14pp6ess.png Table 3. The numbers of candidate ships for the installment of the EGCS, and their fraction of the total fuel consumption, presented separately for each ship type. The values are based on the estimated fuel consumption in the ECA in 2011. Ships with an annual fuel consumption of at least 4000 t have been qualified as such candidates, according to Reynolds (2011). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-seasonal-variation-of-the-predicted-co2-emissions-fhe5dy02.png Figure 3: Seasonal variation of the predicted CO2 emissions in the ECA in 2009 and 2011, 703 presented separately for different ship types. Cargo ships include bulk carriers, general cargo 704 vessels and vehicle carriers. Passenger ships include RoPaX ships, ferries and passenger 705 cruisers. 706 https://scispace.com/papers/the-evolution-of-soil-conservation-policies-targeting-land-4s84chbmjj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-policy-analysis-visualizing-the-top-down-13cpg4x6.png Fig. 5. Policy analysis, visualizing the top-down implementation of policies through different administrative levels. Division made between policies focusing on soil and water conservation, and on the development of agriculture and rural areas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chronology-of-the-second-phase-1600-to-1950s-the-1d1tsw9h.png Fig. 1. Chronology of the second phase (1600 to 1950s). The second phase is characterized by a shift from high agricultural production towards environmental conscience. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-chronology-of-the-third-phase-mid-1900s-this-phase-is-10m6sraw.png Fig. 2. Chronology of the third phase (mid-1900s). This phase is characterized by an increasing social and environmental awareness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-some-cap-subsidies-related-to-soil-vzo4b9qc.png Fig. 4. Distribution of some CAP subsidies related to soil erosion control and biodiversity by autonomous regions in Spain (Comunidades Autónomas 1–16, 2016), according to the evaluation reports of the Rural development Plan 2007–2013 of each region: (a) Subsidy 214 “Agroenvironmental measures”; (b) Subsidy 221 “First forestation of agricultural land”; (c) Subsidy 223 “First forestation of non-agricultural land”. Table 1. National investment in subsidies related to biodiversity and erosion control (Comunidades Autónomas 1–16, 2016). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-historical-development-of-the-cap-redrawn-from-the-1bbpfu4v.png Fig. 3. Historical development of the CAP. Redrawn from the European Commission (2011). Completed with European Commission (2013a, 2013b). https://scispace.com/papers/the-evolution-of-uk-flood-insurance-incremental-change-over-463a9kgcy1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-our-interviewees-2cg7gi97.png Table 1. Our interviewees. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-six-theories-of-how-policy-change-happens-after-nraqh3ej.png Table 2. Six theories of how policy change happens (after Stachowiak, 2001, p. 3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-a-summary-of-the-key-elements-in-the-evolution-of-39itcnc7.png Table 4. A summary of the key elements in the evolution of flood insurance policy arrangements, 1961 to 2015 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-changes-in-policy-agreements-between-the-uk-2rn8zsdc.png Table 3: Changes in policy agreements between the UK Government and Insurance Industry: 1961 to the present. https://scispace.com/papers/the-evolution-of-university-industry-linkages-a-framework-zu2r9i04xc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-definition-of-uil-success-across-relationship-phases-tqluh0qr.png Table 3: Definition of UIL Success across Relationship Phases https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-profile-wpnc7af8.png Table 1: Sample Profile https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dimensions-of-success-drivers-2vd15cmu.png Table 4: Dimensions of Success Drivers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evolution-of-uil-phases-1g8jsqqw.png Figure 1: Evolution of UIL phases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-framework-of-the-evolution-of-uils-3sh4xiar.png Figure 2: Framework of the Evolution of UILs https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-uil-evolution-and-phases-39kq18l6.png Table 2: UIL Evolution and Phases https://scispace.com/papers/the-existing-and-the-emerging-car-ownership-and-car-sharing-1k3vhm2m0q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-data-collection-u8tg3i9r.png Table 1 Overview of data collection https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-findings-xpk49pgx.png Table 2 Overview of findings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reconfiguring-the-private-car-regime-see-online-1xo4czf7.png Figure 2 Reconfiguring the private-car regime (see online version for colours) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reconfiguration-pathway-see-online-version-for-gwz3cqki.png Figure 1 Reconfiguration pathway (see online version for colours) https://scispace.com/papers/the-experience-and-influence-of-social-support-and-social-1isgiwn9o7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-studies-based-on-topic-of-research-1b441ssp.png Table 2. Description of studies based on topic of research, summary of key findings (1st and 2nd order interpretations), quality assessment, and risk of bias Topic Reference Demographics Data collection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-of-papers-included-and-excluded-at-each-1lh8l26q.png Figure 1. Flow chart of papers included and excluded at each stage https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-search-words-used-o4xnmisa.png Table 1. Search words used https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-of-1st-and-2nd-order-constructs-used-to-29cq19h1.png Figure 2. An example of 1st and 2nd order constructs used to develop 3rd order interpretation https://scispace.com/papers/the-experience-of-non-offending-caregivers-following-the-3lro5kud1j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-criminal-justice-process-in-response-to-child-21cy6v3t.png Figure 1. Criminal justice process in response to child sexual abuse cases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-participants-40-23rps57s.png Table 1 Demographics of Participants……………………………………………………..40 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-26b0wf72.png Table 1 Demographics of Participants……………………………………………………..40 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phases-of-thematic-analysis-3nncst7j.png Figure 2. Phases of thematic analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/the-experiences-in-close-relationships-relationship-oepy4og5g3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-study-1-sex-differences-1r1ztnb6.png Table 3 Study 1 Sex Differences https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-study-2-summary-of-correlations-means-standard-1es228ah.png Table 4 Study 2 Summary of Correlations, Means, Standard Deviations, and Skewness for Relationship Structures Anxiety and Avoidance Scores in Each Relational Domain https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-correlations-between-relationship-structures-anxiety-1ckx3mn1.png Table 6 Correlations Between Relationship Structures Anxiety and Avoidance and the Big Five Personality Traits https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlations-between-relationship-structures-anxiety-1ns723gu.png Table 5 Correlations Between Relationship Structures Anxiety and Avoidance, Rusbult’s Investment Model Variables, and Depression https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-correlations-between-two-measures-of-differentiation-nw1cwd1y.png Table 7 Correlations Between Two Measures of Differentiation and the Big Five Personality Traits, Investment Model Scales, Depression, and Relationship Structures Scales https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-factor-loadings-for-ecr-rs-items-rated-with-respect-20hoqipx.png Table 1 Factor Loadings for ECR-RS Items Rated With Respect to Mother, Father, Romantic, and Friend Domains https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-study-1-summary-of-correlations-means-standard-21xwq362.png Table 2 Study 1 Summary of Correlations, Means, Standard Deviations, and Skewness for Relationship Structures Anxiety and Avoidance Scores in Each Relational Domain https://scispace.com/papers/the-experiences-of-affected-family-members-a-summary-of-two-10zbtsqd6d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1dcw0nv8.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1nxs3y3b.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-qualitative-studies-of-affected-family-members-20k5zx1y.png Table 1: Qualitative studies of affected family members carried out by our group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2s2i5zfm.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-exponential-distribution-applied-to-nonequidistantly-49adb7osmd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ded-of-a-nonequidistantly-sampled-hr-time-series-300-39t5w2po.png FIG. 1. DED of a nonequidistantly sampled HR time series (300 sec in length) of a healthy subject during supine rest. The abcisses is the frequency axis and the ordinate is the time axis. Along the ordinate, the raw IBI-series is shown in the time domain. Along the abcisses, the power spectral density (spectrum) of the whole time series is presented. The scale of the spectrum, in this figure and the next figures, is always equal to the maximal component in the spectrum; in this case the scale is 0.12 sec22/Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ded-of-a-nonequidistantly-sampled-sbp-time-series-for-33rr3ruz.png FIG. 2. DED of a nonequidistantly sampled SBP time series for the same subject and time segment as presented in Fig. 1 (see the legend of Fig. 1 for explanation of abcisses and ordinate). The scale of the spectrum is 2167.89 mmHg2/Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ded-of-a-nonequidistantly-sampled-hr-time-series-of-a-1ywlz30a.png FIG. 6. DED of a nonequidistantly sampled HR time series of a depressed patient during 4 min of supine rest. The scale of the spectrum is 0.49 sec22/Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ded-of-the-same-ibi-time-series-as-described-in-the-21fyzduc.png FIG. 5. DED of the same IBI time series as described in the legend of Fig. 4. The cross terms are almost disappeared due to the smoothing effect of the ED. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-ded-of-a-sbp-time-series-of-a-depressed-patient-during-10zwuz2y.png FIG. 9. DED of a SBP time series of a depressed patient during 4 min of head up tilt. The scale of the spectrum is 767.11 mmHg2/Hz. The initial cardiovascular reaction to the head up tilt is most prominent in the frequency components around 0.1 Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dwvd-of-a-nonequidistantly-sampled-ibi-time-series-of-2h8lf6xi.png FIG. 4. DWVD of a nonequidistantly sampled IBI time series of a patient with PAF during 5 min of supine rest. The scale of the spectrum is 0.0011 sec2/Hz. The figure is very irregular due to the cross terms. Note the two striking cross term bands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ded-of-an-ibi-time-series-of-a-depressed-patient-c1a1t8hg.png FIG. 8. DED of an IBI time series of a depressed patient during 4 min of supine rest. The scale of the spectrum is 0.0095 sec2/Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ded-of-a-nonequidistantly-sampled-rsp-time-series-of-6dp75zht.png FIG. 3. DED of a nonequidistantly sampled RSP time series of the same subject and time segment as presented in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/papers/the-exporter-wage-premium-when-firms-and-workers-are-1ds5cur8bq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-1zdp8w0p.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-open-economy-equilibrium-1fpv2ztn.png Figure 3: The open economy equilibrium https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-observed-versus-computed-wages-2ca75iyw.png Figure 4: Observed versus computed wages https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameter-estimates-for-alternative-skill-1l27lbe8.png Table 4: Parameter estimates for alternative skill definitions https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-theil-indices-for-alternative-skill-definitions-1phg8gd9.png Table 5: Theil indices for alternative skill definitions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-skilled-wage-profile-in-the-open-economy-2y6nuu7k.png Figure 2: The Skilled Wage Profile in the Open Economy https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameter-estimates-2l1pg9fb.png Table 2: Parameter estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-income-inequality-303woorf.png Table 3: Income inequality https://scispace.com/papers/the-expression-of-monocarboxylate-transporters-in-thyroid-2qnakvuz10 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-positive-plasma-membrane-and-cytoplasm-expression-of-1y6wvpi6.png Fig. 4 Positive (plasma membrane and cytoplasm) expression of MCT4 in the same BRAFV600E mutated PTC (ABC 400X) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-positive-plasma-membrane-and-cytoplasm-expression-of-1m1pro5m.png Fig. 5 Positive (plasma membrane and cytoplasm) expression of CAIX in the same BRAFV600E mutated PTC (ABC 400X) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-positive-plasma-membrane-expression-of-mct1-in-the-198x8zso.png Fig. 3 Positive (plasma membrane) expression of MCT1 in the same BRAFV600E mutated PTC (ABC 400X) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-positive-plasma-membrane-and-cytoplasm-expression-of-2c1cy8og.png Fig. 6 Positive (plasma membrane and cytoplasm) expression of GLUT1 in the same BRAFV600E mutated PTC (ABC 400X) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cytological-sample-of-a-brafv600e-mutated-cases-3ri4r4bo.png Fig. 1 Cytological sample of a BRAFV600E mutated cases diagnosed as “positive for malignancy-favoring PTC”. Evidence of plump cells with eosinophilic cytoplasms and nuclear features of PTC and evidence of sickle-shaped nuclei on LCB (LBC, 40X) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-histological-sample-from-the-same-cytological-case-2m3wjeqf.png Fig. 2 Histological sample from the same cytological case with specific histological details of plump cells with details on the sickleshaped nuclei (H&E 60X) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-association-of-mct1-mct4-caix-glut1-with-prognostic-eud8knzf.png Table 4 Association of MCT1, MCT4, CAIX, GLUT1 with prognostic/aggressive parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-3b-combined-positive-immunomarkers-in-the-48-samples-1vxqtc8b.png Table 3b Combined positive immunomarkers in the 48 samples. Only plasma membrane expressions were considered https://scispace.com/papers/the-expression-of-several-cbf-genes-at-the-fr-a2-locus-is-1j0qxupsxj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sequences-of-the-primers-used-in-the-rt-and-real-2de9zke8.png Table 1 Sequences of the primers used in the RT and real-time RT-PCR experiments https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frost-scores-of-cs-cnn5a-cs-tsp5a-and-of-the-rsl-46-3t9w73zu.png Table 2 Frost scores of CS/CNN5A, CS/TSP5A and of the RSL 46-1 at different temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-real-time-rt-pcr-analysis-of-eight-cbf-sequences-in-1pjhkt55.png Fig. 4 Real-time RT-PCR analysis of eight Cbf sequences in the CS/CNN5A, CS/TSP5A and in two recombinant lines (46-1 and 38-6) characterized by different levels of Cbf expression. Plants were exposed at 2 C for 2 h, total mRNA has been amplified with the gene specific primers listed in Table 1. a relative amount of the different CbfmRNAs in CS/ CNN5A after 2 h at 2 C. The expression level of each gene is expressed in comparison with the expression level of Cbf2B, a Cbf sequence highly expressed and not cold induced. Bars represent the standard deviation. b variations in the expression the Cbf genes in resistant (CS/CNN5A and 46-1) and susceptible (CS/TSP5A and 38-6) genotypes exposed at 2 C for 2 h. The results are expressed as fold changes in the RNA steady state level of each Cbf in CS/CNN5A, 46-1 and 38-6 compared with CS/TSP5A (baseline sample). Bars represent the standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rt-pcr-analysis-of-eight-cbf-sequences-in-cs-and-cnn-fyegiy7l.png Fig. 3 RT-PCR analysis of eight Cbf sequences in CS and CNN. Plants were grown at 18/ 15 C (ctrl) and then exposed at 2 C for 2 h, total mRNA has been amplified with the gene specific primers listed in Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-expression-and-influence-on-yield-of-the-double-podded-2z9hrn47eq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-28air2bi.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-2vqo748w.png TABLE II https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-11r5v7t8.png TABLE III https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-2rqnj92n.png TABLE V https://scispace.com/papers/the-extraction-of-campbell-diagrams-from-the-dynamical-2722ok3nnz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-transient-nonlinear-dynamic-analysis-tnda-journal-38vodhec.png Figure 16. Transient nonlinear dynamic analysis (TNDA) journal trajectories and time histories of L FAB at 30 krpm using mode-specific initial conditions (eq. (54)) taken from Campbell diagram of Figure 10 (Case no. 1, Table 2, with 𝐾bL = 𝐾bR = 8.8 × 10 9 N/m 3 and 7 × 49 FD grid per pad): (a), (b) mode 1; (c), (d) mode 2; (e), (f) mode 3; (g), (h) mode 4 (P1: point at 𝑡 = 0; P5 : point four time steps later; displayed estimates for 𝑓d,𝑛, 𝜁𝑛 determined from corresponding time histories). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-unfiltered-eigenfrequency-d-2-vs-speed-map-for-2owihqkq.png Figure 21. Unfiltered eigenfrequency 𝜛d,𝑛 (2𝜋) vs speed map for Case no. 2 (Table 2) with FD grid is 7 × 72 (arrow indicates one of the five high frequency modes introduced by the bump foil inertia). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-the-first-second-and-fourth-of-the-five-high-3v5kok14.png Figure 22. The first, second and fourth of the five high frequency modes introduced by the bump foil inertia, taken from the unfiltered eigenfrequency vs speed map in Figure 21 at 15 krpm: (a) 𝑓d,𝑛 = 2.119 kHz , 𝜁𝑛 = 0.13311 ; (b) 𝑓d,𝑛 = 6.057 kHz , 𝜁𝑛 = 0.12957 ; (c) 𝑓d,𝑛 = 14.138 kHz , 𝜁𝑛 = 0.12175. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-frequency-spectrum-of-steady-state-y-vibration-1v545fbo.png Figure 5. Frequency spectrum of steady-state y vibration response of the right (R) FAB journal at 20 krpm for Case no.1 (Table 2) with 𝐾bL = 𝐾bR = 9.26 × 10 9 N/m 3 and equivalent unbalance of 20 g∙mm applied at each FAB, 180° out of phase: (a) present model (7×49 FD grid per pad); (b) Larsen and Santos result [10]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-frequency-spectrum-of-steady-state-y-vibration-2eo3wy0q.png Figure 6. Frequency spectrum of steady-state y vibration response of the right (R) FAB journal at 20 krpm for Case no.1 (Table 2) with 𝐾bL = 𝐾bR = 9.26 × 10 9 N/m 3 and equivalent unbalance of 40 g∙mm applied at each FAB, 180° out of phase: (a) present model (7×49 FD grid per pad); (b) Larsen and Santos result [10]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-campbell-diagram-for-case-no-2-table-2-with-fd-z1q9ov7z.png Figure 23. Campbell diagram for Case no. 2 (Table 2) with FD grid is 7 × 72, extracted from raw eigenfrequency vs speed map of Figure 21 using minimum journal amplitude criterion, eq. (51), with 𝐶 = 0.1: forward whirl (black squares); reverse whirl (red circles); unstable mode points overlaid with a cross; EO (engine order). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-modes-at-15-krpm-taken-from-campbell-diagram-in-132xm2v8.png Figure 24. Modes at 15 krpm taken from Campbell diagram in Figure 23: (a) mode 1 (𝑓d,𝑛 = 87.12 Hz, 𝜁𝑛 = −0.046431 i.e. unstable, forward whirl); (b) mode 2 (𝑓d,𝑛 = 179.24 Hz, 𝜁𝑛 = 0.28526, reverse whirl); (c) mode 3 (𝑓d,𝑛 = 168.81 Hz, 𝜁𝑛 = 0.86913, forward whirl) (d) low journal amplitude mode (𝑓d,𝑛 = 257.4326 Hz, 𝜁𝑛 = 0.96338 ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-30-side-view-of-modes-6-and-7-at-speeds-where-their-2t0bz088.png Figure 30. Side view of modes 6 and 7 at speeds where their frequencies intersect with 1 EO line on Campbell diagram of Figure 27: (a) mode 6 at 174 krpm (𝑓d,𝑛 = 2.9 kHz, 𝜁𝑛 = 0.028722, forward whirl); (b) mode 7 at 152 krpm (𝑓d,𝑛 = 2.5 kHz, 𝜁𝑛 = 0.015261, reverse whirl). NB: static equilibrium configuration omitted. https://scispace.com/papers/the-fabrication-of-millimeter-wavelength-accelerating-3tpn8tbc3l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-burrs-left-along-cutting-edges-in-single-point-diamond-32wq34cj.png Fig. 5: Burrs left along cutting edges in single-point diamond turning. Picture was taken by optical microscope for a NLC test structure[3]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-burrs-left-along-cutting-edges-in-single-point-diamond-1hif9o8i.png Fig. 6: Burrs left along cutting edges in single-point diamond turning. Picture was taken by scanning electron microscope. The white bar represents 20 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-a-typical-setup-of-wire-electrodischarge-machining-1mi7ohrd.png Fig. 14: A typical setup of wire electrodischarge machining. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-surface-finish-of-oxygen-free-copper-cut-by-3kk33dle.png Fig. 13: The surface finish of oxygen free copper cut by electrodischarge machining. Picture was taken by scanning electron microscope. Picture was taken by a scanning electron microscope. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-35-the-schematic-sketch-for-one-half-of-a-muffin-tin-36ymfeu8.png Fig. 35: The schematic sketch for one half of a muffin-tin structure with symmetrical ports for input and output waveguides. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-basic-setup-for-electroforming-process-3iqt4yyb.png Fig. 21: Basic setup for electroforming process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-28-generation-of-a-metallic-microstructure-and-a-mold-2rj6bsle.png Fig. 28: Generation of a metallic microstructure and a mold insert respectively[30]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-three-dimensional-surface-profile-of-single-point-1nn5f9wt.png Fig. 8: Three-dimensional surface profile of single-point diamond machined NLC test structure[10]. https://scispace.com/papers/the-extreme-behavior-of-the-radio-loud-narrow-line-seyfert-1-2vidv4tobn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optical-and-g-ray-behavior-of-the-object-during-the-140v6jr6.png Figure 3. Optical and γ -ray behavior of the object during the April flare event; this is a closer view of data presented in Figure 2. Optical data is presented in both magnitudes and flux (Jy); squares represent data obtained from Lowell’s 72 inch telescope and triangles represent data taken from the 42 inch. The γ -ray flux is plotted in two-day bins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sed-of-j0849-5108-during-previous-active-green-2ot96cjt.png Figure 5. SED of J0849+5108 during previous active (green squares) and quiescent (red circles) states. This figure was taken from Figure 5 of D’Ammando et al. (2013). For ease of comparison, the same data appearing in the previous figure has been superimposed as black triangles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-top-microvariability-data-from-the-night-of-the-efqvhyq2.png Figure 6. Top: microvariability data from the night of the peak observed brightness during the April flare event on the night of greatest brightness (centered on JD = 2456401.7). Bottom: microvariability data taken in February, during a period of minimum observed brightness (centered on JD= 2456341.7). For ease of comparison, both light curves have been normalized to a 10 hour observing window and a half magnitude differential scale. Error bars are shown, but are typically comparable in size to the data points. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-star-information-for-figure-1-35gbfc0a.png Table 1 Comparison Star Information for Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-finding-chart-for-j0849-5108-with-the-object-8sbllosj.png Figure 1. Finding chart for J0849+5108 with the object highlighted. The field of view is 13.′5 × 13.′5. Note the foreground spiral galaxy just north of the object. See Table 1 for comparison star magnitudes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-photopolarimetric-observations-of-the-object-2upoh8b6.png Table 2 Photopolarimetric Observations of the Object https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-observational-data-from-2013-january-august-panels-38ttsnum.png Figure 2. Observational data from 2013 January–August. Panels from top to bottom are radio flux in Jy from OVRO, optical R-band behavior, percentage of optical polarization, electric vector position angle (EVPA) for each polarized optical data point, photon count(s) from Swift’s XRT instrument, γ -ray data in units of 10−7 photons cm−2 s−1. γ -ray data are presented in daily time bins during the large flare event beginning in mid-April and in weekly time bins otherwise. All figures are plotted on the same time axis. The dotted lines indicate a period of time in which a gradual rise was seen in the IR; see the text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sed-of-j0849-5108-during-the-time-of-the-april-25z5wa0p.png Figure 4. SED of J0849+5108 during the time of the April flare event. The data used to construct this figure were obtained from OVRO (2013 April 24), Swift (UVOT and XRT, 2013 April 22), and Fermi-LAT (2013 April 20). XRT data ranges from 0.5 to 10 keV. The optical R-band data point was obtained from Lowell, and represents the average magnitude observed for the night of 2013 April 19. https://scispace.com/papers/the-fact-that-i-can-be-in-front-of-others-i-am-used-to-being-2tykqxojzt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-features-of-the-sample-1f0l94y9.png Table 2. Main features of the sample. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-codes-and-code-groups-117vly1y.png Table 1. Codes and code groups. https://scispace.com/papers/the-failure-behavior-of-an-epoxy-resin-subject-to-multiaxial-4qg0lvtg8m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-loading-paths-in-principal-strain-space-qviimakt.png Figure 3. Loading paths in principal strain space https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-shear-stress-shear-strain-curves-to-figure-7-3s604rdn.png Figure 6. Shear stress-shear strain curves to Figure 7. Equibiaxial stress-strain curves to failure at three different octahedral shear strain failure at three different octahedral shear https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-octahedral-shear-stress-versus-octahedral-figure-9-9hnof7ef.png Figure 8. Octahedral shear stress versus octahedral Figure 9. Comparison of experimental shear strain curve for different loading paths at data with the modified Tresca criterion a fixed strain-rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-loading-scheme-and-strain-gauge-layout-a-and-stress-l8wsezyh.png Figure 2. Loading scheme and strain gauge layout (a) and stress state (b) https://scispace.com/papers/the-faint-end-of-the-luminosity-function-of-galaxies-in-55gynabry8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plot-of-the-luminosity-function-of-our-sample-of-1z7nnaq2.png Fig. 3.—Plot of the luminosity function of our sample of galaxies in Hickson groups, divided by the presence or absence of emission lines in the spectrum of the galaxy, where a galaxy is said to have emission lines if EW (Ha) 1 Å. This figure shows a decline in the number of emission-line galaxies at6 faint magnitudes. Similar surveys of galaxies in other environments typically find the opposite trend. If confirmed, this result represents a significant difference between galaxies in compact groups and those in other environments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-the-luminosity-function-derived-for-our-2vlswr03.png Fig. 2.—Comparison of the luminosity function derived for our sample of galaxies in Hickson groups with that found by Lin et al. (1996b) for the large LCRS. They appear to have a very similar shape. The vertical offset is arbitrary. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-plot-of-the-luminosity-function-of-galaxies-in-our-38tpm4su.png Fig. 1.—Plot of the luminosity function of galaxies in our sample of 17 nearby Hickson groups. The best-fitting Schechter luminosity function is shown as the solid line. The data clearly indicate a flat slope for the faint end of the luminosity function ( ). We adopt to determine21 21a . 21 H 5 75 km s Mpc0 absolute magnitudes for this and subsequent plots. https://scispace.com/papers/the-fairness-of-internal-assessment-in-the-gcse-the-value-of-1awfn0hm20 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proportion-of-students-from-the-1vdeewxs.png Figure 1: Proportion of students from the https://scispace.com/papers/the-fat-but-powerful-paradox-association-of-muscle-power-and-8c9nt3bow8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-between-deceased-and-surviving-older-men-2twmwcqk.png Table 2. Comparison between deceased and surviving older men and women. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-the-study-participants-1pzc5uix.png Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study participants. https://scispace.com/papers/the-fate-of-an-ambitious-school-marm-amy-cruse-and-the-49p19iawe1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-charles-and-amy-cruse-ventnor-isle-of-wight-1933-1wuqpna9.png Figure 2 Charles and Amy Cruse, Ventnor, Isle of Wight, 1933. https://scispace.com/papers/the-far-infrared-emission-line-and-continuum-spectrum-of-the-3wr06ugp8v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-spectral-energy-distribution-of-ngc-1068-and-model-1moxumrh.png Fig. 4.— a) Spectral energy distribution of NGC 1068 and model fit. ISO-SWS fluxes are taken from Lutz et al. (2000). The model fit is the composition of (i) the NLR components 1 & 2 of model AGN A, (ii) the emission from the molecular nuclear region, (iii) the 34 K starburst emission, and (iv) the cold 20 K component. b) and c) Dust temperature versus the radial position and radial continuum opacity versus wavelength for the nuclear molecular region. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-observed-line-fluxes-with-composite-2wsqa6sl.png TABLE 4 Comparison of observed line fluxes with composite model predictions https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-observed-line-fluxes-with-model-2fuwrv8s.png TABLE 5 Comparison of observed line fluxes with model predictions for the nuclear region https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-comparison-of-the-composite-models-with-the-7iupoqvv.png Fig. 3.— The comparison of the composite models with the observations is shown as the ratio of modeled to observed flux ratio for each line, with the ionization potential in the x-axis. The assumed reddening is E(B-V)=0.2. Panels from top to bottom: model CM1, CM2 and CM3. The short dashed lines represent flux ratios within a factor 3 either ways. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measured-line-fluxes-from-the-lws-and-sws-grating-jkhfo4xg.png TABLE 1 Measured line fluxes from the LWS and SWS grating spectra, with 1σ uncertainties. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-starburst-spectral-energy-distributions-used-as-28fvucn1.png Fig. 2.— The starburst spectral energy distributions used as input for the photoionization models of NGC 1068. The two continua are taken from Leitherer et al. (1999) and represent a continuous starburst model (solid line) and an instantaneous model (broken line), both with ages of 5 Myr. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-observed-line-fluxes-with-agn-model-3480nkzh.png TABLE 2 Comparison of observed line fluxes with AGN model predictions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-between-the-observed-oh-lines-and-model-3kmpkirk.png Fig. 6.— Comparison between the observed OH lines and model results. As indicated in the upper panel, the upper modeled spectrum (solid lines) corresponds to the model for the nucleus, the middle one (dotted lines) corresponds to the starburst modelled as a whole, and the lower one (dashed lines) corresponds to the starburst modelled as an ensemble of individual clouds (see text for details). https://scispace.com/papers/the-fate-of-supermassive-black-holes-and-the-evolution-of-2f0e8pvbga 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-j-relation-in-binary-disk-galaxy-mergers-the-open-3r3enj1g.png Fig. 2.— -j relation in binary disk galaxy mergers. The open trianglesMBH show data from the galaxy sample compiled by Tremaine et al. (2002), and the solid line corresponds to their best-fit correlation. Results for simulated remnants are shown in color, and the initial galaxy models are denoted by star symbols. Open and filled symbols correspond to collisionless and gasdynamical simulations, respectively. Circles and squares show equal- and unequal-mass mergers, respectively. The filled triangle corresponds to an unequal-mass merger in which the larger disk was inclined by 45 with respect to the orbital plane. Symbols outlined with crosses correspond to mergers with 50% gas fraction in the disks. The error bars show the spread about the mean value of j in each remnant. https://scispace.com/papers/the-fate-of-smectite-in-koh-solutions-5cj9rxpbry 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-conditions-of-the-sta-measurement-1tgmnexu.png Table 1: Conditions of the STA measurement https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-optimum-structural-parameters-used-for-the-3szfl2ob.png Table 2. Optimum structural parameters used for the simulation of XRD profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-between-experimental-crosses-and-3iskstlu.png Figure 1 Comparison between experimental (crosses) and calculated (solid line) XRD patterns for the reacted Sr2+ saturated SAz-1 recorded at 40% relative humidity. The grey bars outline the modifications in peak width between 5 days and 150 days of reaction time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-plot-of-the-evolution-of-the-d18o-vsmow-values-as-a-48ash6l3.png Figure 8 Plot of the evolution of the δ18O VSMOW ) values as a function of reaction time. Error bars correspond to the standard deviation of triplicates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-an-afm-image-of-na-saturated-smectite-particles-in-xmuyiqc2.png Figure 7 An AFM image of Na-saturated smectite particles in Reactor 6: 150 days. The particles consist of irregular and fine grained plates with rounded edges. The three graphs show that the particles consists of 1-5 TOT layers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plot-of-the-al-si-ratio-of-the-clay-from-xps-as-a-31bt15cz.png Figure 5 Plot of the Al/Si ratio of the clay from XPS as a function of reaction time. Error bars correspond to the standard deviation of triplicates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ms-curves-of-the-evolved-water-m-e-18-during-sta-1hd3fe0a.png Figure 6 MS curves of the evolved water (m/e = 18) during STA measurement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4b-plot-of-the-evolution-of-the-layer-charge-2621f42c.png Figure 4b Plot of the evolution of the layer charge distribution of the initial SAz-1 smectite and after 150 days reaction time. https://scispace.com/papers/the-fast-iterated-bootstrap-2rv1n36d13 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-fdb-approximations-cj6py28k.png Figure 9: FDB approximations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-ftb-approximation-2sau63nv.png Figure 10: FTB approximation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5a-erps-of-test-for-arch-with-ordinary-resampling-3thaqk9a.png Figure 5a: ERPs of test for ARCH with ordinary resampling https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5b-erps-for-ordinary-and-smoothed-resampling-3iv6qyng.png Figure 5a: ERPs of test for ARCH with ordinary resampling https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-displays-graphs-of-the-differences-between-x-and-emtxotf8.png Figure 9: FDB approximations https://scispace.com/papers/the-feasibility-of-implementing-a-congestion-charge-on-the-4qiinwvffj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-seven-access-points-to-halifax-peninsula-3cpl7st4.png Figure 1: Seven Access Points to Halifax Peninsula https://scispace.com/papers/the-feet-in-human-computer-interaction-a-survey-of-foot-jfvq4ivmd3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-sensors-in-selected-prototypes-of-augmented-shoes-4vjwrvg9.png Table IV: Sensors in selected prototypes of augmented shoes https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-examples-of-instances-of-the-design-space-of-foot-36ffsdca.png Table VII: Examples of instances of the design space of foot-based interactions https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-performance-comparisons-between-hand-and-feet-1qcjxxcz.png Table VI: Performance Comparisons between Hand and Feet. Values correspond to ratios of task completion times and error rates for the feet versus the hands. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-dictionary-of-semaphoric-feet-gestures-f0b3lj6v.png Table V: Dictionary of Semaphoric Feet Gestures https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-normal-range-of-motion-of-the-right-hip-knee-and-3nffmw5d.png Table I: Normal range of motion of the right hip, knee and ankle joints in male subjects, 30-40 years of age https://scispace.com/papers/the-feasible-transition-graph-encoding-topology-and-192rrxzrx9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-eg-where-each-node-is-represented-by-an-example-1al41hjf.png Fig. 2: An EG where each node is represented by an example object configuration. Arrows indicate neighboring ECs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-calculation-of-equivalence-classes-2jfoomii.png Fig. 6: Calculation of Equivalence Classes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-environment-for-object-pushing-the-same-color-3vmp6190.png Fig. 1: Example environment for object pushing. The same color scheme is used throughout the paper. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-environment-with-topologically-distinct-paths-to-the-mfhns9f0.png Fig. 3: Environment with topologically distinct paths to the goal, requiring different numbers of robots. Goal is shown as dashed outline; ECs are labeled and different shades of gray. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-environment-for-object-pushing-we-show-an-idk1ky39.png Fig. 4: Example environment for object pushing. We show an object path that would require 6 robots, numbered in the order that they push the object. Intermediate robot and object positions are shown in lighter colors. A dashed square shows the initial object position. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-environment-where-using-the-set-of-all-constraints-1ykahgu1.png Fig. 5: Environment where using the set of all constraints would give an overestimate of the minimum sufficient robots. https://scispace.com/papers/the-federal-funds-market-excess-reserves-and-unconventional-4k1ay2qrvs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-2-effect-of-shocks-to-financial-intermediation-on-2bk8ronx.png Figure C.2: Effect of shocks to financial intermediation on aggregate volume of federal funds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-excess-reserves-and-federal-funds-transactions-of-16v78p0h.png Figure 1: Excess reserves and federal funds transactions of banks in the U.S. as a fraction of total deposits; weekly data from January 1975 to December 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-1-effect-of-interbank-borrowing-lending-on-iu3xmgp2.png Figure C.1: Effect of interbank borrowing & lending on aggregate bank loans to entrepreneurs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-3-effect-of-broad-central-bank-liquidity-injections-2c55iiwp.png Figure C.3: Effect of broad central bank liquidity injections in response to financial shocks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-selected-impulse-responses-to-a-financial-friction-3oobrij0.png Figure 8: Selected impulse responses to a financial friction shock with broad liquidity injection Vertical axes: Deviations from steady state in % (percentage points for rL and rD; as a fraction of steady-state deposits for B and R); Horizontal axes: Quarters after the exogenous shock https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calibration-of-parameters-for-the-stationary-and-vheorypv.png Table 1: Calibration of parameters for the stationary and dynamic simulation of quarterly data https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-steady-state-values-corresponding-to-the-benchmark-17gnymob.png Table 2: Steady-state values corresponding to the benchmark parameter calibration in Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-calibration-of-parameters-for-unconventional-21r8j2np.png Table 3: Calibration of parameters for unconventional monetary policy interventions https://scispace.com/papers/the-festival-as-carnivalesque-social-governance-and-control-3i870m198l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-degree-of-visitors-interest-in-various-aspects-of-r3twcvi8.png Table 4 Degree of Visitors’ Interest in Various Aspects of the Fiesta https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-overall-residents-attitudes-towards-the-tourists-in-amxmpy98.png Table 3 Overall Residents’ Attitudes Towards the Tourists in Pamplona During the Fiesta https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-perceptual-differences-between-those-employed-and-35udsot8.png Table 2 Perceptual Differences Between Those Employed and Not Employed in the Tourism Industry https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-perceptual-differences-between-residents-in-1e825kax.png Table 6 Perceptual Differences Between Residents in Different Age Categories https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-overall-residents-perceptions-towards-the-social-3hjlriu6.png Table 5 Overall Residents’ Perceptions Towards the Social Impacts of Tourism in Pamplona During the San Fermin Fiesta https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-meaning-of-the-festival-to-the-residents-20g856xl.png Table 1 Meaning of the Festival to the Residents https://scispace.com/papers/the-federal-reserve-s-dollar-swap-lines-and-the-european-5fbza6errt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-amount-by-parent-banks-domiciliation-for-the-qp7ckd6x.png Table 1: Total amount by parent banks’ domiciliation for the Term Auction Facility and Commercial Paper Funding Facility programmes (percentages) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-interest-rate-set-by-the-federal-reserve-on-dollar-2zgh0v5s.png Figure 2: Interest rate set by the Federal Reserve on dollar swap lines (September 18 – October 30, 2008, percentages) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ratio-of-dollars-subscribed-by-the-european-central-2bgvg7jt.png Figure 5: Ratio of dollars subscribed by the European Central Bank to dollars offered by the Federal Reserve (ECB bid-to-cover ratio) (December 2007 – July 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dollar-provision-by-the-federal-reserve-to-european-19rwtu1z.png Figure 4: Dollar provision by the Federal Reserve to European Central Bank and differential with dollar provision by the European Central Bank to Eurozone banks (December 2007 – May 2009, in billion dollars) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-interest-rate-on-dollar-swap-lines-set-by-the-1ehpu743.png Table 2: Interest rate on dollar swap lines set by the Federal Reserve, the interest rate on dollar provision set by the European Central Bank, and the margin (October 3 – October 21, 2008, percentages) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dollar-swap-lines-with-central-banks-left-scale-in-1t5f4gfa.png Figure 1: Dollar swap lines with central banks (left scale, in billion dollars) and percentage (right scale) of the asset side of the Federal Reserve’s balance sheet (December 2007 – May 2010) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spreads-between-the-interest-rate-paid-by-the-1in78rwe.png Figure 3: Spreads between the interest rate paid by the European Central Bank and interest rates set by the Federal Reserve (primary rate and Term Auction Facility rate) and by the market (Libor) (September 18 – November 9, 2008, in basis points) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dollar-provision-by-the-european-central-bank-to-3jqdo86n.png Figure 6: Dollar provision by the European Central Bank to Eurozone banks and Eurozone bid-to-cover ratio (December 2007 – May 2009) https://scispace.com/papers/the-field-lysimeter-test-facility-fltf-at-the-hanford-site-ynqfm0b33f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-21-moisture-profile-for-lysimeter-011-7-yfj03lv7.png FIGURE 4.21. Moisture Profile for Lysimeter 011-7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-33-moisture-profile-for-lysimeter-w03-3-2krz70fi.png FIGURE 4.33. Moisture Profile for Lysimeter W03-3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-5-soil-moisture-tension-cm-of-water-at-135-cm-depth-gx345jw4.png TABLE 7.5. Soil Moisture Tension (cm of water at 135 cm depth) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-2-cumulat-ive-drainage-f-rom-lys-imeters-d09-7-and-d-gawadpwr.png TABLE 7.2. Cumulat ive Drainage f rom Lys imeters D09-7 and D l l - 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-1-s-o-i-l-mo-i-s-tu-re-p-r-o-f-i-l-e-s-i-n-d09-7-14ixnuiu.png FIGURE 7.1. S o i l Mo i s tu re P r o f i l e s i n D09-7 and D l l - 7 on November 4, 1987 and June 7, 1988 (cm dep th https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-drainage-lysimeter-construct-ion-top-and-side-7ie2acjp.png FIGURE 2 - 3 . Drainage Lysimeter Construct ion, Top and Side Views https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-1-parameters-measured-at-field-lysimeter-test-faci-1-5uaavqhf.png TABLE 8.1. Parameters Measured at Field Lysimeter Test Faci 1 i ty (FLTF) and Method of Data Collection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-locat-ion-o-f-t-h-e-f-i-e-l-d-lys-imeter-test-f-a-25n5by0p.png FIGURE 1.1. Locat ion o f t h e F i e l d Lys imeter Test F a c i l i t y (FLTF) Adjacent t o t h e Hanford Meteoro log ica l S t a t i o n Between t h e 200 Areas on t h e Hanford S i t e https://scispace.com/papers/the-fickle-nature-of-similarity-change-as-a-result-of-at9xo28ttf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-trials-to-criterion-and-errors-to-criterion-u4ftl88j.png Table 1. Trials to criterion and errors to criterion. https://scispace.com/papers/the-fight-over-danish-nature-explaining-policy-network-2g9yaosksv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-unemployment-among-unemployment-insured-1931-1977-1air086w.png Figure 1. Unemployment among unemployment insured, 1931-1977 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-of-voters-giving-highest-priority-to-2bpnb94z.png Table 1. Percentage of voters giving highest priority to environmental matters on the political agenda. Parliamentary elections 1971-2001 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proportion-of-parliamentary-debates-devoted-to-the-2ks40uf9.png Figure 2. Proportion of parliamentary debates devoted to the environment, 1953-2002 https://scispace.com/papers/the-field-line-topology-of-a-uniform-magnetic-field-267zvf8xt5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-1ufmv9rm.png Fig . 15 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-7xp5skyl.png Fig . 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-3mfgfznk.png Fig . 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-like-figure-11-but-including-the-lines-from-both-3tq5q33a.png Figure 12 Like Figure 11 but including the lines from both positive and negative x. The numbers between the intersections depict the number of times those lines not lying on the E surfaces intersect the secondary null-null plane. This represents Figure 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-1740pxqs.png Fig. 17 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-8dl075iw.png Fig . 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-finale-of-a-trilogy-comparing-terpolymers-and-ternary-5ay7lvgrg3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-photovoltaic-device-performance-of-the-systems-3syp63dy.png Fig. 3 The photovoltaic device performance of the systems studied: (A) short circuit current, (B) open circuit voltage, (C) fill factor, and (D) power conversion efficiency. Open symbols indicate the terpolymers, while closed symbols denote the ternary blends and the binary parent blends. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-structures-homo-energy-levels-and-bandgaps-for-the-omoe79wj.png Fig. 1 The structures, HOMO energy levels, and bandgaps for the two p https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-eqe-of-the-parent-binary-blends-the-1-1-ratio-z0fjp8z3.png Fig. 4 EQE of the parent binary blends, the 1 : 1 ratio terpolymer and the 1 : 1 ternary blend. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-photovoltaic-performance-of-all-the-systems-3j4jl8zo.png Table 1 The photovoltaic performance of all the systems investigated in this study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-hole-mobility-for-selected-blends-terpolymers-and-2gvl5eou.png Fig. 6 Hole mobility for selected blends, terpolymers, and binary parent polymers mixed with PC61BM, and measured via the SCLC method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-peak-position-and-stacking-distance-as-measured-by-3kad7jpn.png Table 2 Peak position and stacking distance as measured by GIWAXS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-lorentz-corrected-rsoxs-283-2-ev-data-normalized-for-2vd6vsjy.png Fig. 8 Lorentz corrected RSoXS (283.2 eV), data normalized for thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-absorbance-spectra-of-the-bhj-blends-polymer-pc61bm-1-296un5h4.png Fig. 2 Absorbance spectra of the BHJ blends (polymer:PC61BM ¼ 1 : 2, weight ratio) for the parent polymers, and all other terpolymers and ternary blends of monoCNTAZ and FTAZ. The solid lines indicate the ternary blends, dashed lines denote the terpolymers, and the dotted lines denote the calculated expected absorbance. https://scispace.com/papers/the-filter-placement-problem-and-its-application-to-1ozg44zbgx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-sketch-of-aps-graph-hx0q0v86.png Figure 10: Sketch of APS graph https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-information-multiplicity-1uz75op7.png Figure 1: Illustration of information multiplicity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-for-k-2-greedy-all-chooses-filter-set-a-c-while-the-3ox3qsd8.png Figure 3: For k=2 Greedy All chooses filter set {A,C}, while the optimal solution is {B,C}. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cdf-of-indegrees-for-synthetic-graphs-1m3bfeaz.png Figure 4: CDF of indegrees for synthetic graphs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-execution-times-for-the-placement-of-ten-filters-ogj91i1h.png Figure 11: Execution times for the placement of ten filters in the case of the Twitter dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fr-for-synthetic-graphs-3kmquxhp.png Figure 5: FR for synthetic graphs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cdf-of-node-indegree-for-g-phrase-27s8ewrk.png Figure 6: CDF of node indegree for G Phrase https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-multiplier-edge-construction-for-g-when-x-items-2gin959z.png Figure 12: “Multiplier edge” construction for G′. When x items leave u, x ·m items arrive at v. https://scispace.com/papers/the-filtering-analog-of-the-variational-multiscale-method-in-yf5jz0nmcn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-reynolds-stress-profiles-reyy-see-caption-of-fig-1-1frw9cfq.png FIG. 2. Reynolds stress profiles Reyy . See caption of Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-three-sets-of-mean-flow-profiles-lowest-set-1zgqgg9v.png FIG. 1. Three sets of mean flow profiles. Lowest set: Smagorinsky model ~1!, M1 ~s!, M2 ~dashed line!, M3 ~dotted line!, no-model LES~solid line! and DNS from Ref. 14~dashed–dotted line!. Middle set (51u): M1 ~s!, M2 (CS50.2, dashed line!, dynamic model~solid line! and DNS~Ref. 14! ~dashed–dotted line!. Highest set (101u): M2 ~dashed line!, M2 plus filtered gradient~dotted line! and M2 plus filtered similarity~solid line!. https://scispace.com/papers/the-financial-crisis-and-diverging-house-prices-evidence-3rxso05g6b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evolution-of-prices-and-quality-1994-2013-fp4gv0vl.png Figure 3. Evolution of prices and quality 1994-2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-price-developments-over-quality-for-three-different-2kw5mea1.png Table 3. Price developments over quality for three different periods https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-dwellings-for-period-1994-3rwkx4i6.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics – dwellings for period 1994-2013 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimate-of-for-average-quality-level-multifamily-jxtq0gab.png Figure 4. Estimate of for average quality level, multifamily housing, 1994-2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-ranked-ordered-logit-estimation-results-using-a-nxgtn6xf.png Table B.1. Ranked ordered logit estimation results using a subsample of quarterly data for the 2004-2013 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-d-1-yearly-price-deviations-from-mean-quality-level-1ivfyzff.png Figure D.1 Yearly price deviations from mean quality level 1994-2013 a) Multifamily houses 1994-2013 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-price-indices-for-different-quality-levels-1994-1x0aazla.png Figure 5. Price indices for different quality levels, 1994-2013 (1994=100) a) Multifamily houses 1994-2013 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-evolution-of-the-housing-price-indices-dkk-mio-for-3rfh8bd7.png Figure 7. Evolution of the housing price indices (DKK mio.) for different area types https://scispace.com/papers/the-firm-s-choice-of-hrm-practices-economics-meets-strategic-4mimfrihli 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-frequency-distribution-of-hrm-practices-and-hrm-2r37zd17.png Figure 1. Frequency Distribution of Hrm practices and Hrm expenditures per Capita https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-38rqlho7.png Table 2. Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-hrm-demand-curve-lv9j0qys.png Figure 2. The Hrm Demand Curve https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definition-and-predicted-signs-of-independent-37ztb43g.png Table 1. Definition and predicted Signs of independent Variables (Dependent Variable: Hrm expenditure per employee) https://scispace.com/papers/the-financing-of-a-public-utility-fsp0fi21sw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-the-overlapping-generations-model-with-3zlgxgd3.png Figure 1: Structure of the overlapping generations model with episodic construction of capital stock. Boxes represent periods. Columns represent time, indexed τ , and rows indicate birth-time, indexed (τ). Cascading two-period rows indicate generations of farmers or prospectors, with the endowment indicated by the parameters a or e0 in the boxes representing the young period. Three-period heavy boxes at the bottom indicate the service cycle of capital stock, with the period of production indicated by ∗. Vertical arrows show the times at which intergenerational transfers of gold may be made by farmers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-prior-gold-balances-of-the-bank-in-the-three-1kmckepb.png Figure 12: Prior gold balances of the bank in the three periods, normalized by n0e0 (left) or by (n+ n0) e0 (right), as a function of N/NC . (Recall that n0 is fixed by the capacity constraint C = 3n0e0.) BGR are prior balances coming into periods τ = 0, 1, 2. (Prior balance for τ = 1 is zero, and may be hard to see in this figure.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-strategic-variables-in-the-models-145opcs3.png Table 3: Strategic variables in the models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-low-yielding-heavy-dashed-and-high-yielding-heavy-35nemc3a.png Figure 3: Low-yielding (heavy-dashed) and high-yielding (heavy solid) production functions. Low-yielding function C<(y) = εy, while the highyielding function has form c(y) ≈ yΘ(y − C), with derivatives at transitions smoothed to make optimization criteria well-defined. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-left-r-and-a-values-that-minimize-cross-generation-1hhl4orr.png Figure 15: (Left) ρ and α values that minimize cross-generation variance of prospector utilities; (Right) stress level measured as the shadow-price value of the prospector endowment Λe0, both as functions of N/NC < 1. This control contour was used to produce the utilities and prices in the lower panels of Fig. 14. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-investment-levels-or-who-is-contributing-most-to-2mpupvt0.png Figure 6: Investment levels: or who is contributing most to meet the capacity constraint for the jointly-constructed good. Values σ are normalized by se0. BG is period 0, 2. Solid is farmers, symbols are prospectors. Left panel is linear; right panel the same data on log scale. I think the reason both-period farmers group with τ = 2 prospectors in the unstressed equilibrium is that the farmer σ0 is limited by farmer κ(2), and in the τ = 2 valuation of offspring utilities, the factor θ = 1/2 here cancels the factor of 2 in the service stream. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bgr-are-absolute-prices-apt-e0-for-periods-0-1-2-1c3kddl8.png Figure 5: BGR are absolute prices apτ/e0 for periods 0, 1, 2. Left panel is absolute; right panel is relative to mean: (apτ − ∑ τ ′ apτ ′/3) /e0 for periods 0, 1, 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-pcolor-plots-of-r-left-and-u-t-farm-u-t-pros-right-1b2pkyq4.png Figure 20: pcolor plots of ρ (left) and U (τ)Farm−U (τ) Pros (right). (Utility differences are plotted in log of absolute value so that the zero crossing shows as a sharp valley.) See that the iso-contours of ρ with the associated values of n0/n that balance interest and satisfy the first-order conditions are circle-like arcs around the origin, while the iso-utility contours are rays from the origin that cut across these arcs. (Fine-resolution versions of these figures are available at about four time the filesize, in commented-out lines.) https://scispace.com/papers/the-first-cut-is-the-deepest-repeated-interactions-of-3mgsmrrnus 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-results-for-the-2sls-2r57y066.png Table 2 Regression results for the 2SLS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-citations-received-by-early-and-late-collaborations-2cfx4lit.png Figure 3 Citations received by early and late collaborations of laureate-coauthor pairs Note: The fitted values were obtained by linear least-square model, with the equation log10(y) = a + blog10(x). Data are plotted in the logarithmic scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ratio-of-early-to-late-citation-success-1crrvxyj.png Table 1 Ratio of early to late citation success https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-arrival-of-new-coauthors-by-field-note-smoothed-2bh6zlfl.png Figure 1 Arrival of new coauthors by field Note: Smoothed values are computed using restricted cubic spline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-intensity-of-cooperation-by-field-note-smoothed-2atfyx9s.png Figure 2 Intensity of cooperation by field Note: Smoothed values are computed using restricted cubic spline. https://scispace.com/papers/the-first-copper-ii-complex-with-1-10-phenanthroline-and-1wubs9aei4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-docked-poses-of-dhb-a-sal-b-cu-phen-2-h2o-2-c-cu-phen-3gx44vj3.png Fig. 7 docked poses of dhb (A), SAL (B), [Cu(phen)2(H2O)]2+ (C), [Cu(phen)2(SAL)]2+ (D) and intermolecular interactions with surrounding residues of soybean LOX. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-esi-ms-spectrum-of-c0sal-cu-phen-2-sal-clo4-2-b-high-1l3nz7mq.png Fig. 2 (A) ESI-MS spectrum of C0SAL [Cu(phen)2(SAL)](ClO4)2, (B) high resolution mass spectrum in the 700-950 m/z range, (C) experimental and calculated isotopic pattern for peaks at 700 and 900 m/z. (isopropanol:methanol:water 2:1:1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-molecular-structures-and-acronyms-of-the-studied-2z5x51v4.png Fig. 1 Molecular structures and acronyms of the studied compounds. https://scispace.com/papers/the-first-experience-of-using-99mtc-al2o3-based-4ovqeh3nm6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-direct-radiometry-macropreparations-12qfqjjy.png FIGURE 3. Direct radiometry macropreparations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-intraoperative-gamma-probe-guided-sln-21vsm3ax.png FIGURE 2. Intraoperative gamma probe-guided SLN identification in the area of the iliac-pelvic lymphadenectomy using Gamma Finder II® probe https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reconstruction-of-sections-of-the-single-photon-xzji4ln6.png FIGURE 1. Reconstruction of sections of the single photon emission computed tomography of the pelvis after injection of 99mTc-Al2O3. ( ) Visualization of sentinel lymph nodes in the projection of external iliac lymph nodes on the right and left. (b) Sentinel lymph nodes in the projection of the internal iliac lymph nodes on the left and the right and the right external iliac lymph nodes https://scispace.com/papers/the-first-mitochondrial-genome-for-the-wasp-superfamily-28wzi0fm78 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-codon-usage-for-protein-coding-genes-of-the-1wuaij9l.png Table 4 Codon usage for protein-coding genes of the Trissolcus mt genome https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-nucleotide-composition-of-the-trissolcus-mt-genome-1syr1uo8.png Table 3 Nucleotide composition (%) of the Trissolcus mt genome https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-locations-and-nucleotide-nt-sequence-lengths-of-31kugcs6.png Table 2 Locations and nucleotide (nt) sequence lengths of genes in the Trissolcus mt genome, the lengths of predicted amino acid (aa) sequences of protein-coding genes and their initiation and termination codons https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-taxa-used-in-phylogenetic-analyses-18s24hrc.png Table 1 List of taxa used in phylogenetic analyses https://scispace.com/papers/the-first-global-merger-wave-and-the-enigma-of-chinese-1duwr7o3z5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparision-of-sixth-wave-3agpyqid.png Table 3. Comparision of sixth wave https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pairwise-correlations-descriptive-statistics-1kjucuya.png Table 1. Pairwise correlations & descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-countries-regions-and-systems-classifications-notes-3ewtbnbm.png Figure 1. Countries, regions, and systems classifications Notes: China (dark grey) and the Confucian world (grey) are sub-sets of the Asian countries for which we have data (light grey). White indicates no data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regional-differences-in-performance-1q412os4.png Table 2. Regional differences in performance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-inflation-adjusted-detrended-transaction-values-2zux5eex.png Figure 3. Inflation adjusted detrended transaction values (standardized), per Region, by Month, from Jan 1990 – Jan 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-absolute-grey-areas-and-inflation-adjusted-19h8c78o.png Figure 2. Absolute (grey areas) and inflation adjusted detrended transaction values (standardized), Jan 1990 – Jan 2010 https://scispace.com/papers/the-first-moment-of-g1-measured-with-the-clas-detector-3rc8q2b38f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-same-as-fig-2-except-for-the-5-7-gev-inbending-and-23u7b7e7.png Figure 3. Same as Fig. 2 except for the 5.7 GeV (inbending and outbending) data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-preliminary-results-for-gd1-the-eg1a-7-and-slac15-r0umvcdp.png Figure 4. Preliminary results for Γd1. The EG1a 7 and SLAC15 data are shown as the solid red circles and green squares, respectively. The open blue circles represent the integral of the EG1b data over the measured kinematic region and the closed blue circles include an extrapolation over the unmeasured part of the x spectrum using a model of world data. Phenomenological models by Burkert and Ioffe13 and Soffer and Teryaev16 are represented by solid and dashed lines, respectively. The dark shaded band indicates the experimental systematical error, while the additional area includes the extrapolation uncertainties. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-preliminary-results-for-gd1-at-low-q-2-khpt-36ntuyfk.png Figure 5. Preliminary results for Γd1 at low Q 2. χPT calculations from Bernard18 and Ji19 are shown as the heavy and light dotted lines, respectively. Phenomenological models by Burkert and Ioffe13 and Soffer and Teryaev16 are represented by solid and dashed black lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kinematic-coverage-for-eg1-for-the-1-6-gev-parallel-2u4vzkch.png Figure 1. Kinematic coverage for EG1 for the 1.6 GeV (parallel line shaded region) and 5.7 GeV (cross-hatched shaded region) data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-preliminary-results-for-gp1-gn1-the-closed-circles-15mnu6cv.png Figure 6. Preliminary results for Γp1 − Γn1 . The closed circles represent the preliminary EG1b data in which the neutron was extracted from the deuteron and the proton. The open squares represent the same calculation using the EG1a data8,7 (proton and deuteron). The closed triangles were determined using the Hall A neutron results23 and the EG1a proton results.8 SLAC data15 are shown as the open circles. χPT calculations by Bernard18 and Ji19 are shown as the solid and dash-dot curves, respectively. Phenomenological models by Burkert and Ioffe13 and Soffer and Teryaev16 are represented by dashed and dotted lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-preliminary-results-for-gd1-x-q-2-for-the-1-6-gev-3rior9dn.png Figure 2. Preliminary results for gd1(x,Q 2) for the 1.6 GeV (inbending) data. A model parameterizing all world data is shown as the solid line.12 https://scispace.com/papers/the-first-signs-of-language-phonological-development-in-5abanquqh0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-errors-in-path-of-movement-2dvrqv1a.png Table 4 Errors in path of movement. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-groups-of-substituted-handshapes-made-when-the-child-1euaw168.png Table 3 Groups of substituted handshapes made when the child was attempting to form different target handshapes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-hand-internal-movements-3qs6nv7w.png Table 5 Hand-internal movements https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-handshape-production-errors-calculated-as-a-bjefaxxn.png Table 2 Handshape production errors calculated as a percentage of the total number of signs used with that handshape on the dominant hand. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-shorthand-description-of-a-child-sign-with-errors-1esch7r5.png Table 1 Shorthand description of a child sign with errors described for each component https://scispace.com/papers/the-fish-family-muraenidae-an-ideal-group-for-testing-at-my1aos5g6i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-archipelagos-of-the-azores-madeira-selvagens-1i19s07h.png Fig. 1. – The archipelagos of the Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, Canary and Cabo Verde islands (eastern-central Atlantic Ocean). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparative-description-of-biogeographic-patterns-1f55hjmh.png Table 3. – Comparative description of biogeographic patterns for muraenid species from the archipelagos studied. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relationships-between-landings-of-muraenidae-and-2aidbdj6.png Fig. 3. – Relationships between landings of Muraenidae and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-non-metric-multidimensional-scaling-ordination-of-2jowzxj1.png Fig. 2. – Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination of muraenid landings for the 2008–2018 period. A, Azores; M, Madeira; C, Canary Islands; V, Cabo Verde. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-separate-landing-statistics-for-moray-eels-33gxe19y.png Table 4. – Separate landing statistics for moray eels, disaggregated by species or groups of species at each archipelago studied. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-combined-checklist-of-muraenid-moray-eels-occurring-2fxr75aa.png Table 1. – Combined checklist of muraenid moray eels occurring in the study area. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cont-separate-landing-statistics-for-moray-eels-oekywwke.png Table 4. – Separate landing statistics for moray eels, disaggregated by species or groups of species at each archipelago studied. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-contribution-to-the-dissimilarity-between-9b2dewcj.png Table 5. – Contribution to the dissimilarity between archipelagos of the variables included in the analysis according to the SIMPER routine. https://scispace.com/papers/the-five-planets-in-the-kepler-296-binary-system-all-orbit-2v2ejsmj4t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-derived-stellar-properties-27u59956.png Table 2 Derived Stellar Properties https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-inferred-stellar-and-planetary-parameters-from-our-ljdp73qp.png Table 3 Inferred Stellar and Planetary Parameters from our MCMC Modeling https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-properties-derived-from-ao-data-y38o2rmj.png Table 1 Summary of Properties Derived from AO Data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nirc-2-images-of-kepler-296-in-ks-and-j-filters-19c90xlq.png Figure 1. NIRC-2 images of Kepler-296 in Ks and J filters show two stars separated by 0″. 217. The two images are scaled appropriately to account for differences in exposure time. The magnitude difference between the two stars is J 1.10D = and Ks 1.14D = . https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-2s6rurbt.png Table 3 Inferred Stellar and Planetary Parameters from our MCMC Modeling https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-top-panel-dartmouth-isochrones-with-an-age-of-6-gyr-9oec5j3b.png Figure 2. Top panel: Dartmouth isochrones with an age of 6 Gyr and metallicities of 0.64, 0.34, 0.06, 0.22- - - , and 0.48, roughly corresponding to the 2 σ error bar from spectroscopy. The positions of Kepler-296A and B based on the median of the MCMC posteriors are shown as the red diamond and the blue triangle, respectively. Middle panel: posteriors for the density of both components. Bottom panel: posterior of the dilution in the Kepler bandpass. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-nomenclature-for-the-kepler-296-a-planets-3bnmprx0.png Table 4 Nomenclature for the Kepler-296 A Planets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-transits-of-the-five-planets-in-the-kepler-296-3fb7wdh3.png Figure 4. Transits of the five planets in the Kepler-296 system. The planets are in order of increasing orbital period from planet b to f. The data have been folded on the best fitting orbital period. The observed data is shown in black and binned data in blue. The best fitting model is shown in red. Note that while we show the binned data, no calculations are performed on these data. https://scispace.com/papers/the-flattening-firm-evidence-from-panel-data-on-the-changing-3pg83jli3h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-organizational-span-and-depth-firm-fixed-effects-6uq8dz5b.png Table 6: Organizational Span and Depth-- Firm Fixed Effects Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-organizational-span-span-number-of-positions-761ir2ip.png Table 2: Organizational Span (SPAN): Number of Positions Reporting to the Chief Executive Officer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-reporting-levels-depth-span-and-387s1mgw.png Figure 2: Example of Reporting Levels, Depth, Span and Descriptions of Types of Organizational Units https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-organizational-span-reports-to-the-chief-executive-1kosrmlp.png Table 3: Organizational Span: Reports to the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) by Position (Balanced Sample; N=51) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-firm-and-business-unit-3pa4de3g.png Table 4: Descriptive Statistics-Firm and Business Unit (Division) Characteristics (Mean and Changes) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-divisional-manager-pay-and-depth-ols-and-division-35sghvxi.png Table 7: Divisional Manager Pay and Depth: OLS and Division Fixed Effects Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-measures-of-empowerment-division-fixed-effects-14nba37m.png Table 5: Measures of “Empowerment”—Division Fixed Effects Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-whole-sample-unbalanced-and-unnszgk1.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics—Whole Sample (Unbalanced) and Balanced Sample https://scispace.com/papers/the-flashes-survey-i-integral-field-spectroscopy-of-the-cgm-36rccin8ab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-stacked-lya-profiles-of-the-cgm-detections-in-the-3ou9c5dv.png Figure 11. Stacked Lyα profiles of the CGM detections in the FLASHES pilot survey. Different colors indicate different redshifts used to convert from observed to rest-frame wavelengths: the redshift of the CGM Lyα emission itself, the redshift of the peak of Lyα emission in the QSO (blue), the QSO’s systemic redshift from DR12Q (green), and the He II λ1640 redshift from SDSS (red). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-comparison-of-al-rly-max-2-as-a-function-of-rmax-31ga0fki.png Figure 12. Comparison of aL RLy max 2 as a function of Rmax for different surveys. The top panel shows the comparison for sizes in proper kiloparsecs, while the bottom panel shows the same comparison for comoving kiloparsecs. The quantity aL RLy max 2 should depend only on the intrinsic radial surface brightness profile of the emission, so comparing nebula of equal size under this metric provides an equitable comparison of the average surface brightness of detected regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-distributions-of-cgm-lya-velocity-offsets-with-75735unm.png Figure 10. Distributions of CGM Lyα velocity offsets with respect to different redshifts. The top panel shows velocity with respect to the best-fit SDSS/ DR12Q QSO redshift. The middle panel shows velocity with respect to the peak of Lyα emission in the QSO spectrum. The bottom panel shows velocity offset with respect to the He II λ1640 redshift from SDSS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-top-panel-distributions-of-nebular-eccentricities-1enxra5g.png Figure 13. Top panel: Distributions of nebular eccentricities for the FLASHES pilot survey (black), A19 (red), and C19 (green). Bottom panel: the same data shown as normalized cumulative distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-calibration-of-variance-measurement-in-flashes-1a1gysdf.png Figure 3. Calibration of variance measurement in FLASHES pilot data. Black crosses indicate individual calibration measurements. The solid black curve indicates the averaged profile, while the gray shaded region represents the ±1σ uncertainty. The solid red curve indicates the functional fit to σmeas/ σnocov=(1+αvLog(Nk)), with αv=0.79, and the horizontal dashed red line indicates the approximate asymptote for the relationship at large Nk (βv;2.6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-change-in-eccentricity-as-a-function-of-the-1zfc4hpd.png Figure 14. Change in eccentricity as a function of the increase in limiting surface brightness. Contours show a Gaussian kernel density estimate and the black line with shaded region shows the best-fit linear model with ±2σ slope uncertainty. The linear regression shows a strong correlation in which eccentricity increases as the surface brightness threshold increases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ifs-surveys-of-extended-emission-around-high-2lw0mfnu.png Figure 1. IFS surveys of extended emission around high-redshift galaxies. Surveys are shown as stacked histograms representing the number of targets in each. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cumulative-distributions-of-the-sizes-of-the-2d442phc.png Figure 6. Cumulative distributions of the sizes of the detected nebulae in the FLASHES pilot sample, as measured using: effective radius (Reff), maximum radial extent (Rmax), and flux-weighted rms radius (Rrms). https://scispace.com/papers/the-flexible-solar-utility-preparing-for-solar-s-impacts-to-2qts8ibxr3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-2-key-enablers-and-barriers-for-three-main-future-2cl4cpg4.png Figure C-2. Key enablers and barriers for three main future directions (the later years) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-signposts-25kqsdpk.png Table 3. Signposts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-impact-of-solar-on-utility-business-practices-nuaogzrw.png Figure 8. Impact of solar on utility business practices https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-average-level-of-impact-of-rapid-der-growth-on-3ymzeyyo.png Figure 9. Average Level of impact of rapid DER growth on Utility Impact Areas https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-emerging-disruptions-by-category-2nu7so56.png Table 1. Emerging Disruptions, by Category https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impact-of-solar-on-long-term-planning-activities-1qoxoznq.png Figure 4. Impact of solar on long-term planning activities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-mechanisms-for-increasing-flexibility-e9nruc2t.png Figure 10. Mechanisms for increasing flexibility https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-typical-utility-business-units-xzn90etr.png Figure 2. Typical utility business units https://scispace.com/papers/the-flower-pot-method-of-rem-sleep-deprivation-causes-4n1ngwp3tt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-analysis-of-caspases-involved-in-apoptosis-from-cc-33axig7o.png Figure 6: Analysis of Caspases involved in apoptosis from CC, LPC and REM sleep deprived group rats. (A), the graph shows log fold change in expression pattern of caspase 3 gene. Cage control samples were taken as calibrator while GAPDH was endogenous control for respective genes. (B), Lane 1(CC-4D), lane 2 (CC-9D), Lane 3(LPC-4D) and Lane 4 (LPC-9D) represent samples from the CC and LPC group of rats after 4th and 9th day of the start of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-detection-of-annexin-v-positive-cells-in-the-i4w29irg.png Figure 2: Detection of Annexin V positive cells in the hepatocytes of rats; (A), Annexin V labeling of hepatocytes for CC (Aa-4day &Ab9day), LPC (Ac-4day &Ad-9day) and REM sleep deprived group of rats (Ae4day, Af-9day & Ag-5day recovery). X-axis represents the labeling for Annexin V-FITC while Y-axis represents the labeling of Propidium iodide. (B), Percentage average labeling of Annexin V-FITC labeling of hepatocytes for CC, LPC and REMSD group of rats. X-axis represents the treatment groups and Y- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-analysis-of-hepatocytes-proteins-using-wb-from-cc-3iglmnfu.png Figure 5: Analysis of hepatocytes proteins using WB from CC, LPC and REM sleep deprived group rats. (a), Lane 1(CC-4D), lane 2 (CC-9D), Lane 3(LPC-4D) and Lane 4 (LPC-9D) represent samples from the CC and LPC group of rats after 4th and 9th day of the start of experiment, while Lane 5 (REM-4D), Lane 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-analysis-of-apoptotic-genes-by-real-time-pcr-the-1wh056rr.png Figure 4: Analysis of apoptotic genes by real time PCR. The graph shows log fold change in expression pattern of p53 genes (a), Bcl2 (b) and Bax (c) respectively. Cage control samples were taken as calibrator while GAPDH was endogenous control for respective genes. X-axis represents the different days of sleep deprivation for treatment groups and Y-axis represents the log fold expression https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-histopathological-analysis-of-rat-liver-tissue-from-2g7ht4s1.png Figure 1: Histopathological analysis of rat liver tissue from cage control, large platform https://scispace.com/papers/the-flow-graph-usage-for-the-attenuation-correction-of-the-22uzu6jva2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-biquad-at-the-high-frequencies-3b563hsc.png Figure 2. Biquad at the high frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-mc-graph-of-circuit-from-fig-7-30g9g4uc.png Figure 8. MC-graph of circuit from Fig. 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-mc-shortened-graph-of-the-circuit-for-the-transfer-1cfvg09z.png Figure 9. MC-shortened graph of the circuit for the transfer from node 1 to node 3 from Fig. 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-proposed-circuit-from-fig-3-in-the-current-mode-3hl9na4v.png Figure 13. Proposed circuit from Fig. 3 in the current mode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-biquad-in-the-current-mode-3bklt261.png Figure 1. Biquad in the current mode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-corresponding-voltage-a-and-flow-c-graphs-35e0510v.png Figure 11. Corresponding voltage (a) and flow (c) graphs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-corresponding-voltage-a-and-current-b-flow-graphs-3685e69h.png Figure 12. Corresponding voltage (a) and current (b) flow-graphs for convert from VM to CM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-general-circuit-working-in-the-voltage-mode-uec5xzxs.png Figure 4. General circuit working in the voltage mode. https://scispace.com/papers/the-fluid-membrane-determines-mechanics-of-red-blood-cell-2irwm33376 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-typical-fdcs-on-rbc-evs-a-two-subsequent-afm-force-2z9c2hby.png Fig. 2 Typical FDCs on RBC EVs. a Two subsequent AFM force indentation curves (FDCs) showing an initial linear elastic response (black and red https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-characterization-of-rbcs-and-evs-derived-from-ejyibpyr.png Fig. 5 Characterization of RBCs and EVs derived from spherocytosis patients. a Blood smears stained with a May-Grünwald Giemsa stain. Black arrows show typical spherocytes. Scale bar length is 10 μm. b Elongation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mechanical-characterization-of-rbc-evs-a-indentation-1v05ivdx.png Fig. 4 Mechanical characterization of RBC EVs. a Indentation behavior of 55 RBC EVs from donor 2 in a density plot. Colors indicate density of data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pictures-of-collapsed-evs-and-their-protein-content-a-mnwsw681.png Fig. 3 Pictures of collapsed EVs and their protein content. a–d AFM topography images showing collapsed EVs. Color scale indicates height. a Flat structure with mean height of about 22 nm. b–d Collapsed EVs https://scispace.com/papers/the-fmri-bold-signal-tracks-electrophysiological-spectral-3ql86pkkbr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bold-erp-and-ersp-results-columns-1-3-show-the-3ld0gwcg.png Fig. 2. BOLD, ERP and ERSP results. Columns 1–3 show the different responses fromwithin the peri-calcarine cortex (pC), the fusiform gyrus (FG), and the lateral-temporal–occipital cortex (LTO). Row 1 illustrates the average BOLD increase response. Row 2 illustrates the grand-average ERP. Rows 3–5 illustrate the grand-averaged ERSP from the alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands, respectively. Note: the y-axis of the ERSP plots for the pC (column 1, rows 3–5) is less sensitive than for the FG and LTO (columns 2–3, rows 3–5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-frequency-plots-results-from-the-three-duration-yuwqu01y.png Fig. 1. Time–frequency plots. Results from the three duration conditions are displayed across each row. The first column illustrates single-trials of ‘raw’ EEG from a representative electrode within pC (60 Hz line noise has been removed). Columns 2–4 illustrate the unthresholded grand-average time–frequency plots from all electrodes in the pC, FG and LTO, respectively. Note: the lowpass filter was 100 Hz, but we show the spectrogram up to 125 Hz in this figure. The absolute power of this upper range (100–125 Hz) is thus attenuated, but one can still measure the relative difference in post- and pre-stimulus power. https://scispace.com/papers/the-foraging-brain-evidence-of-levy-dynamics-in-brain-3t7miphtl8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-graph-represents-the-values-of-a-for-different-13hayigq.png Fig 5. The graph represents the values of α for different networks from the lowest (red) to the highest.On the top of the graphs the corresponding brain areas are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-graph-plots-the-estimated-theoretical-ccdf-1c13gmwk.png Fig 6. The graph plots the estimated theoretical CCDF (continuous line) against empirical CCDFs calculated from FMRI empirical CCDF and from samples drawn from the estimated theoretical distribution (basal ganglia, top left graph of Fig 4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-examples-of-bold-time-series-for-two-different-3pfsw678.png Fig 1. Examples of BOLD time series for two different networks. The traces are the detrended BOLD signals from the basal ganglia (red) and cerebellum I (blue) respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-logarithms-of-empirical-and-estimated-3w339h5h.png Fig 4. Comparison of logarithms of empirical and estimated survival function.Here a log-log plot has been used. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-graphs-of-the-deterministic-function-g-x-for-all-2hz157l9.png Fig 3. Graphs of the deterministic function g(x) for all networks. For clarity’s sake the points x* for which g(x*) = 0 have been shifted to 0. See text for explanations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-radar-map-representing-the-most-relevant-cognitive-1w0882as.png Fig 7. “Radar map” representing the most relevant cognitive terms for twomaps corresponding to low (red line) and high α values (blue line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-networks-used-in-the-analysis-the-11-networks-obtained-3p5znrca.png Fig 2. Networks used in the analysis. The 11 networks obtained with the ICA decomposition, see text for explanation. https://scispace.com/papers/the-forgotten-work-of-cultural-workers-g6hh0ky18v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-job-clusters-remembered-or-omitted-by-job-1hoeegju.png Table 3: Number of Job Clusters Remembered or Omitted, by Job Duration https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-participants-data-collection-methods-and-4pk49llb.png Table 1: Summary of Participants, Data Collection Methods, and Numbers of Remembered and Omitted Jobs https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-whether-job-clusters-were-omitted-or-spontaneously-3kquiwfa.png Table 2: Whether Job Clusters Were Omitted or Spontaneously Included, by Hourly Pay https://scispace.com/papers/the-formal-strong-completeness-of-partial-monoidal-boolean-3t44gg9avt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correspondence-between-the-items-in-this-paper-and-ekokl3yn.png Table 3: Correspondence between the items in this paper and the files/identifiers in the Coq code. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-list-of-branch-expansion-rules-for-the-bbi-34r4h2cu.png Table 2: The list of branch expansion rules for the BBI-tableau system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-derivations-rules-for-the-definition-of-pmes-1p4wts0e.png Table 1: Derivations rules for the definition of PMEs. https://scispace.com/papers/the-formation-of-tabular-compaction-band-arrays-theoretical-14uzwvqktv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-contour-plots-of-the-obtained-solution-w-a-b-n-n-h-a-w-63don7ak.png Fig. 3. Contour plots of the obtained solution w(a, b, n, N, h): (a) w(N, h) for a ¼ 0.2 and b ¼ 1.5; (b) w(a, h) for b ¼ 1.5 and N ¼ 0.577; (c) w(b, h) for a ¼ 0.2 and N ¼ 1= ffiffiffi 3 p . In all cases n ¼ 0.3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-distribution-of-gp-for-successive-stages-of-the-model-hgwah2q1.png Fig. 11. Distribution of ḡp for successive stages of the model deformation in sub-critical (h4hccr) regime; h ¼ 1.1 (h c cr ¼ 1). Other parameter values are given in Fig. 7 caption. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-distribution-of-loading-and-unloading-bands-in-three-17wbndvx.png Fig. 17. Distribution of loading and unloading bands in three models deformed to ḡpmax ¼ 2 10 7 at a ¼ 0.2, b ¼ 0.4, n ¼ 0.3, E ¼ 5 109 Pa, N ¼ 1= ffiffiffi 3 p and different h values: (a) h ¼ 0.3; (b) h ¼ 0.54; (c) h ¼ 0.7. These three cases correspond to different strain localization regimes indicated in the graph at the top of this figure which is a reduced copy of Fig. 5c. The model size is 2.5 5 cm (100 200 numerical zones). The boundary conditions are the same as in Fig. 6. (1) Elastic–plastic state and (2) elastic state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-normalized-hardening-moduli-hcw1-40-1-4-h-c-max-1-4-h-a2ga4fz1.png Fig. 4. Normalized hardening moduli hcw¼0 ¼ h c max ¼ h c cr and h c w¼1 ¼ h c min versus N, a and b: (a) a ¼ 0.1 and b ¼ 1.6; (b) b ¼ 1 and N ¼ 0.577; (c) a ¼ 0.1 and N ¼ 1= ffiffiffi 3 p . In all cases n ¼ 0.3. 1, Range where compaction banding is impossible. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-variation-of-the-spacing-parameter-w-with-the-grid-19l64ly6.png Fig. 10. (a) Variation of the spacing parameter w with the grid density (number of the grid elements nz) for different h and ḡ p max values; (b) fragments of two numerical models (with loading bands) run under the same conditions (h ¼ 0.75 and ḡpmax ¼ 3:2 10 6), but having different grid sizes nz. (1) h ¼ 0.75 and ḡpmax ¼ 3:2 10 6; (2) h ¼ 0.75 and ḡpmax ¼ 3:2 10 4; (3) h ¼ 0.85 and ḡpmax ¼ 3:2 10 4; (4) h ¼ 0.85 and ḡpmax ¼ 3:2 10 6. Other parameter values are given in Fig. 7 caption. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-relation-between-the-spacing-parameter-w-and-the-qkoztp6p.png Fig. 9. Relation between the spacing parameter w and the normalized hardening modulus hc: comparison of theoretical and numerical results. (1) Theoretical curve, and (2)–(4) points obtained from the numerical models for different ḡpmax values: (2) ḡ p max ¼ 3:2 10 8; (3) ḡpmax ¼ 3:2 10 6 , and (4) ḡpmax ¼ 3:2 10 3 . The constitutive parameter values are given in Fig. 7 caption. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-compaction-bands-in-aztec-sandstone-the-valley-of-fire-1239r4jy.png Fig. 1. Compaction bands in Aztec Sandstone, the Valley of Fire State Park, Nevada (for geological details of the site see e.g. (Sternlof et al., 2004). Pen at the bottom of the photo for scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-results-of-two-numerical-models-run-at-h-1-4-0-15-a-1n3hwrbe.png Fig. 14. Results of two numerical models run at h ¼ 0.15 (a and b) and h ¼ 0.36 (c and d) and the same other parameters: a ¼ 0.2, b ¼ 0.7, n ¼ 0.3, and N ¼ 1= ffiffiffi 3 p . (a) and (c) Distribution of the loading and unloading bands; (b) and (d) ḡp patterns with grey-level palettes interval of 2.5 10 8. The graph at the top of this figure is a reduced copy of Fig. 5a with two points 1 and 2 added. The abscissas of these points w ¼ 0.25 and 0.71 were obtained in the above numerical models run to ḡpmax ¼ 3:2 10 8 at h ¼ 0.15 and 0.36, respectively. (1) Elastic–plastic state and (2) elastic state. https://scispace.com/papers/the-fractional-talbot-effect-in-differential-x-ray-phase-4hi0geu5iz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulated-x-ray-intensity-distribution-behind-a-si-8i637m6f.png Fig. 4. Simulated x-ray intensity distribution behind a Si-phase grating. The phase grating is designed for a photon energy of E0 = 17.5 keV, whereas the energy of the incident photons is E = 23.3 keV. (a) Colour-coded intensity distribution; (grey scale) fractional Talbot distances calculated for a photon energy of E = 23.3 keV; (blue scale) fractional Talbot distances for E0 = 17.5 keV; the corresponding fractional Talbot orders m and distances dm∗ are indicated. (b) Intensity I versus transversal coordinate x at the fractional Talbot distances for E = 23.3 keV; (c) intensity I versus transversal coordinate x at the fractional Talbot distances for E0 = 17.5 keV; the x-ray intensity at the plane of the phase grating is denoted by I0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-correction-factor-e-which-relates-the-fringe-shift-ph-ygpx7hod.png Fig. 10. Correction factor η, which relates the fringe shift ϕ (E0), for monochromatic x rays with an energy that matches the interferometer design energy of E0 = 17.5 keV, to the fringe shift ϕpoly, for the polychromatic energy spectrum weff , according to Eq. (34) (simulated data). (a) η for the first fractional Talbot distance for an ideal analyzer grating (with lines of 100% x-ray attenuation); (b) η for the first fractional Talbot distance for an analyzer grating with lines of 24 μm gold; (c) η for the third fractional Talbot distance for ideal analyzer grating; (d) η for the third fractional Talbot distance for an analyzer grating with lines of 24 μm gold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-function-u-e-which-describes-to-which-extent-the-3f0286l1.png Fig. 9. Function ϒ (E ), which describes to which extent the interference fringes are detected, depending on the energy E of the incident photons, and the productE · weff (E ) · ϒ (E ), which characterizes the corresponding contribution to the measurement result (simulated data, cf. text). The data were calculated for an interferometer design energy of E0 =17.5 keV. (Green graphs) Simulated data for an ideal analyzer grating that consists of lines showing 100% x-ray attenuation; (brown graphs) simulated data for an analyzer grating with lines of 24 μm gold; (a) ϒ (E ) for the first fractional Talbot distance; (b) E · weff (E ) · ϒ (E ) for the first fractional Talbot distance; (c)ϒ (E ) for the third fractional Talbot distance; (d) E · weff (E ) · ϒ (E ) for the third fractional Talbot distance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-grating-interferometer-for-differential-phase-contrast-255aqlz8.png Fig. 1. Grating interferometer for differential phase-contrast imaging. (a) Set-up without object. (b) Set-up with object: Perturbations of the incident beam due to an object in the beam path lead to a shift of the interference pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-c-visibilityu-of-the-simulated-interference-pattern-12t8ijah.png Fig. 5. (a–c) Visibilityυ of the simulated interference pattern as a function of the photon energy E scanned with different analyzer gratings at different inter-grating distances: (a) 1st fractional Talbot distance (m = 1); (b) 3rd fractional Talbot distance (m=3); (c) 15th fractional Talbot distance (m= 15); (green graphs) scanned with an ideal analyzer grating with lines of 100% x-ray attenuation and a duty-cycle of 0.5, fractional Talbot distances calculated for the interferometer design energy E0 = 17.5 keV; (black graphs) scanned with an ideal analyzer grating, fractional Talbot distances calculated for the energy of the incident photons; (brown graphs) scanned with an analyzer gratings consisting of 24 μm high gold lines and a duty-cycle of 0.5, fractional Talbot distances calculated for E0 = 17.5 keV. (d) X-ray absorption 1 − τ line of 24 μm gold as a function of the photon energy E. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-grey-values-versus-analyzer-grating-position-kh-for-a-1u614kvn.png Fig. 2. Grey values versus analyzer grating position χ for a single detector pixel during a grating scan. The interference pattern is scanned with and without the object in the beam path, yielding two series of grey values data and flat. The ratio of the mean values of data and flat gives the transmission τ measthrough the object (Eq. (11)), whereas the shift of the oscillationsϕ is proportional to the differential phase shift ∂φP G /∂xP G (Eqs (9) and (10)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-spectrum-probability-density-function-of-the-energy-of-1n5tomih.png Fig. 6. Spectrum (probability density function of the energy of an emitted photon) for an x-ray tube with a W target irradiated by 50 keV electrons (based on Ankerhold, 2000). (Orange graph) Spectrumw(E ) considering anode self-absorption, 1 mm Be window and 1689 mm air in the beam path, only; (black graph) effective spectrum weff (E ) according to Eq. (18), which also comprises the detection efficiency of the 600 μm thick CsI scintillator and beam hardening due to the two 280-μm-thick Si wafers of the gratings, a 1-μm-thick gold layer on the analyzer grating (cf. David et al., 2007) and the 0.5-mm-thick amorphous carbon scintillator substrate (absorption coefficients from Hubbell & Seltzer, 1995). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-simulated-x-ray-interference-pattern-behind-a-phase-231igy1y.png Fig. 7. Simulated x-ray interference pattern behind a phase grating for the polychromatic energy spectrum weff (E ). The images show the interference pattern in the form of grey values, which the x-radiation would cause for the detector applied (cf. text). The corresponding grey value at the plane of the phase grating is denoted by 0. (a) Interference pattern for a point source and (b) for an extended source of Gaussian shape with a size of ξ FWHM = 7.5 μm. The phase grating is designed for a photon energy of E0 = 17.5 keV. (Blue scale) Fractional Talbot distances calculated for a photon energy of 17.5 keV; the corresponding fractional Talbot orders m and distances dm∗ are indicated. https://scispace.com/papers/the-fragility-of-thermoelectric-power-factor-in-cross-plane-r99s77lnk1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3ko1dymq.png Figure 3: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2qwadnf9.png Figure 5: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-32pruhoc.png Figure 2: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2q9p0xkn.png Figure 1: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2jrldt6g.png Figure 4: https://scispace.com/papers/the-french-regions-borrowing-behaviours-how-heterogeneous-57x826mbet 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-shows-the-accountability-framework-for-regional-36pkfi6a.png Table 1 shows the accountability framework for regional governments. Borrowing is exclusively aimed at financing investment4 (equipment expenditure and purchase of durable goods). Financial costs, including interest payments, are considered as current expenditure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-quantile-process-estimates-with-95-confidence-1q306e8t.png Figure 6.- Quantile process estimates (with 95% confidence interval https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-regional-debt-eur-per-capita-303rybjl.png Figure 4. Regional debt (€ per-capita) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-real-interest-rates-in-jose0kei.png Figure 5. Real interest rates (in%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reports-the-estimates-for-the-25th-quantile-of-16q4b0f4.png Table 2 reports the estimates for the 25th quantile of borrowing distribution representing regions with low conditional borrowing levels, the 75th quantile describing those with high conditional borrowing levels and the 50th quantile (median). The results are shown for the case in which the interest rate series is TEC10 (the other interest rates yield similar results). Borrowing behaviour is sensitive to the financial situation facing the regions. We see that it is negatively and significantly related to debt level and past borrowings. However, interest rates, investment expenditure, GDP and self-financing capacity do not seem to be determinant explanatory factors. The impacts of indebtedness and past debt level on borrowing are significantly different between low-borrowing and high-borrowing regions, as shown in Figure 6 which reports the estimated coefficients at different quantiles from 0.1 to 0.9. The figure shows a slight decrease of the impact of previous year debt on the current borrowing for high borrowers. Interestingly, we see that the impact of indebtedness on borrowing is steeper for the highest quantiles. This means that the level of debt plays an important role for regional investment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-borrowing-conditional-distribution-positive-and-1nr6ropa.png Figure 8. Borrowing conditional distribution (positive and negative debt shock) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-regional-sfc-eur-per-capita-3rp532b5.png Figure 3. Regional SFC (€ per-capita) https://scispace.com/papers/the-framework-of-lncrnas-and-genes-at-early-pollen-2sl69j0wmf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-circos-visualization-of-different-data-at-the-2ireb7px.png Figure 3: CIRCOS visualization of different data at the genome-wide level. The density was 789 calculated in a 10-Mb sliding window 790 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-differentially-expressed-tfs-de-tfs-and-1monpnaj.png Figure 6: Differentially expressed TFs (DE-TFs) and differentially spliced TFs (DS-TFs) in 824 different anther development stages 825 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-proposed-a-cytoskeleton-related-transcriptome-and-s73dnugl.png Figure 10: Proposed a cytoskeleton related transcriptome and AS response mediated regulation 856 networks and the signaling pathway involved in male sterility of PTGMS wheat line BS366. 857 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-phenotypes-of-mature-anthers-and-pollen-of-jing411-3ghydg1c.png Figure 1: Phenotypes of mature anthers and pollen of Jing411 (A, B) and BS366 (C, D) at the 775 trinucleate stage under fertile and sterile conditions. Scale bars in anther are equivalent to 1 mm, 776 in epidermis, ubisch bodies and pollen are equivalent to 50μm. Abbreviations: epidermis (E), 777 ubisch bodies (Uby). 778 https://scispace.com/papers/the-frontline-of-social-prescribing-how-do-we-ensure-link-1r9crege80 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-role-and-skills-of-social-prescribing-link-30nrjxw2.png Figure 1: The role and skills of social prescribing Link Workers https://scispace.com/papers/the-function-of-boundary-conditions-in-the-physical-sciences-1ec0mm1pw0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-between-a-traveling-top-and-standing-1opjuu0n.png Figure 1: Comparison between a traveling (top) and standing (bottom) wave. Top: The grey dot indicates the progress of a single wave crest along the length of the line. Bottom: The white dots indicate stable nodes in the standing wave. Author illustration. https://scispace.com/papers/the-functionality-appreciation-scale-fas-development-and-17b9wdfyzy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-study-3-model-fit-indices-for-the-confirmatory-2auhhls0.png Table 6 Study 3 model fit indices for the confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) and tests of measurement invariance (MI) of the FAS Items. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-study-2-variable-means-m-standard-deviations-sd-and-20259qof.png Table 5 Study 2 variable means (M), standard deviations (SD), and correlations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-functionality-appreciation-scale-fas-item-and-total-u7f99kpb.png Table 2 Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS) item and total score means and standard deviations: Studies 1–3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-study-1-variable-means-m-standard-deviations-sd-and-1h97kuom.png Table 3 Study 1 variable means (M), standard deviations (SD), and correlations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-incremental-contributions-of-the-functionality-3uop78kp.png Table 4 Incremental contributions of the Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS) to relevant criterion variables: Studies 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/papers/the-fundamental-cycle-of-concept-construction-underlying-15p1tbj9e7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-local-cycles-of-cognitive-development-1qjn89oz.png Table 3: Local cycles of cognitive development https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-modes-in-the-solo-model-prxr5tto.png Table 2. Description of Modes in the SOLO Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagrammatic-representation-of-levels-associated-2xv3cqth.png Figure 1. Diagrammatic representation of levels associated with the concrete symbolic mode https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-fundamental-cycle-of-conceptual-construction-1x32v50u.png Table 4: The fundamental cycle of conceptual construction from action to object https://scispace.com/papers/the-fundamental-current-mechanisms-in-sic-schottky-barrier-3n65clit7z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-energy-band-diagram-of-a-typical-metal-sic-schottky-1bvjo5as.png Fig. 2. Energy-band diagram of a typical metal–SiC Schottky contact with aligned Fermi levels (EF) and with illustrations of the kinetic energies (𝐸𝐸𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 𝑚𝑚∗𝑣𝑣𝑡𝑡ℎ2/2) of electrons in the metal and in the semiconductor. 𝐸𝐸𝐶𝐶 and 𝐸𝐸𝑉𝑉 are the bottom of the conduction band and the top of the valence band in SiC, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-verification-of-the-model-for-metal-to-semiconductor-m7nagn78.png Fig. 4. Verification of the model for metal-to-semiconductor current by measured reverse-bias currents at different temperatures. Note that 𝑞𝑞𝜙𝜙𝐵𝐵0 = 𝑞𝑞𝜙𝜙𝐵𝐵 + 𝑞𝑞∆𝜙𝜙𝐵𝐵. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-thermionic-emission-and-tunneling-as-33vho1oo.png Fig. 3. Illustration of thermionic emission and tunneling as the two mechanisms of electron flow from metal to semiconductor, which dominate the reverse-bias current of Schottky diodes (𝑞𝑞𝜙𝜙𝐵𝐵 is the barrier height and 𝑞𝑞∆𝜙𝜙𝐵𝐵 is the barrier reduction due to the image-force effect). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-distributions-of-metal-to-semiconductor-current-at-two-1jwmj8i4.png Fig. 5. Distributions of metal-to-semiconductor current at two different reverse-bias voltages: (a) 150 V and (b) 650 V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-illustration-of-thermionic-emission-as-the-mechanism-3g4h2aez.png Fig. 6 Illustration of thermionic emission as the mechanism of electron flow from semiconductor to metal, which is responsible for the forward-bias current of Schottky diodes. Note that https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-verification-of-the-model-for-semiconductor-to-metal-3uz4apcr.png Fig. 7 Verification of the model for semiconductor-to-metal current by measured forward-bias currents at different temperatures. https://scispace.com/papers/the-future-of-coal-supply-in-china-based-on-non-fossil-15kt4575td 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-total-raw-coal-production-in-different-carbon-price-11mnohsm.png Fig. 10. Total raw coal production in different carbon price scenarios*. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unit-lhv-and-co2-emission-factor-of-cleaned-coal-and-1wwqwnim.png Table 2. Unit LHV and CO2 emission factor of cleaned coal and other washed coal https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-chinas-regional-raw-coal-production-towards-2050-and-3sr0ebcy.png Fig. 6. China’s regional raw coal production towards 2050 and the share of four types of raw coal in total raw coal production under the GREEN scenario (pie chart). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-national-coal-material-flow-in-2030-and-2050-under-waqqu0p2.png Fig. 5. The national coal material flow in 2030 and 2050 under the BAU scenario (Unit: Mt) https://scispace.com/papers/the-future-looks-brighter-after-25-years-of-retinal-gene-2awthvlii3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-retinal-gene-therapy-trials-updated-on-june-7th-2017-3luebh3e.png Table I. Retinal gene therapy trials (updated on June 7th, 2017, from Clinicaltrials.gov) https://scispace.com/papers/the-future-of-animal-production-improving-productivity-and-33cje5el92 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-change-in-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-global-1sqj458d.png Table 2. % Change in greenhouse gas emissions and global warming potential achieved through genetic improvement (1988–2007) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-improvements-in-livestock-productivity-over-the-past-2qww0t6p.png Table 1. Improvements in livestock productivity over the past 40–50 years https://scispace.com/papers/the-future-of-electric-two-wheelers-and-electric-vehicles-in-7247y88u5e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-e2w-modules-and-standardized-options-1iofu2k9.png Table 3 E2W modules and standardized options https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-rankings-of-driving-and-resisting-forces-8n5h3zpm.png Table 4 Rankings of driving and resisting forces https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-e2w-design-flexibility-3gju2ybk.png Fig. 4. E2W design flexibility. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-open-modular-vs-closed-integral-3a93m26r.png Table 2 Comparison of open-modular vs. closed-integral industry structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-industry-structure-comparison-closed-integral-vs-open-3jj7fh4r.png Fig. 3. Industry structure comparison, closed-integral vs. open-modular. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-observed-two-wheel-vehicle-proportions-in-chinese-1so09nln.png Fig. 2. Observed two-wheel vehicle proportions in Chinese cities, 2006–2007. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-electric-vehicles-offered-by-e2w-firms-3vs1nutp.png Fig. 8. Electric vehicles offered by E2W firms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-specifications-of-electric-vehicle-made-by-e2w-3ag9zwsh.png Table 5 Specifications of electric vehicle made by E2W makers https://scispace.com/papers/the-future-of-scientific-publishing-461lv5k97b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-the-three-models-of-scientific-zfnz1kzq.png Table 3. Comparison of the three models of scientific publishing. https://scispace.com/papers/the-future-prospects-for-sipm-based-receivers-for-visible-1duoz38xu6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-for-the-c11209-110-mppc-which-3ql03szm.png Table I Parameters for the C11209-110 MPPC which incorporates a S12571-010C https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-average-number-of-photons-per-bit-needed-to-1u5jfvnr.png Table II The average number of photons per bit needed to support 4 PAM in the presence of 4 levels of background counts per bit. Each row corresponds to a different method of calculating this average and/or the use of Gray coding of the two bits. (The numbers in brackets are the equivalent https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-calculated-number-of-detected-pho-tons-per-symbol-2ngpv520.png Fig. 3. The calculated number of detected pho tons per symbol needed to transmit the three highest levels of 4PAM at different numbers of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-eye-diagrams-before-equalisation-a-and-after-1itrou1q.png Fig. 4. The eye diagrams before equalisation (a) and after equalisation (b) when 4 PAM is used to transmit 200 Mbps. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-a-comparison-of-the-estimated-and-measured-numbers-3od6ar27.png Table III A comparison of the estimated and measured numbers of photons per level and the average number of photons per bit needed to transmit 2 Mbps with a BER of 10-3 in the dark. (The numbers in brackets are the equivalent number of attoJoules) https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-the-ratios-of-the-average-number-of-photons-per-2nydzbx3.png Table V: The ratios of the average number of photons per symbol needed to transmit data using various levels of PAM to the average number of photons per symbol needed to transmit data using OOK. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-fitting-parameters-of-9-used-in-fig-5-ul34qjgo.png Table IV: Fitting parameters of (9) used in Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/papers/the-fuzziness-of-giant-planets-cores-4dxfej0ii1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-z-vs-normalized-mass-for-s-10-g-cm-2-solid-black-2qaqprl8.png Figure 3. Z vs. normalized mass for σ=10 g cm−2 (solid black) and σ=6 g cm−2 (dotted blue) at time of 0.66 Myr. The two different distributions persist during the planetary formation. Unlike the model of Lozovsky et al. (2017), we do not assume that mixing and settling take place during the formation process. The gray curves show the original distribution before smoothing is applied. The black and blue curves give guidelines to the expected distribution in the two cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-z-vs-planetary-mass-for-s-6-g-cm-2-dotted-and-s-10-17um7ryk.png Figure 2. Z vs. planetary mass for σ=6 g cm−2 (dotted) and σ=10 g cm−2 (solid). This demonstrates the dependence of the planetary composition on the relative accretion rate (see Equation (1)). A zoom-in of Z vs.time up to a mass of 20 M⊕ is shown in the small panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-z-m-vs-time-for-the-two-cases-s-10-g-cm-2-black-and-12e5c5kc.png Figure 1. Z(m) vs. time for the two cases σ=10 g cm−2 (black) and σ=6 g cm−2 (dashed blue). https://scispace.com/papers/the-galactic-exoplanet-survey-telescope-gest-5249h77rg9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-sensitivities-of-the-leading-planet-search-2iamcw7i.png Figure 3. The sensitivities of the leading planet search techniques are plotted as a function of planetary mass fraction, ε. GEST will survey at least 10 systems for planetary systems with parameters above the curve labeled “Microlensing”. The shaded regions indicate the parameter space that can be searched for planets via the radial velocity method, the planned Keck astrometry program, and the planned SIM and Kepler missions. The location of our Solar System’s planets is labeled, and the arrows indicate the locations of known exoplanets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-geometry-of-a-planetary-microlensing-event-in-3eg7cdgo.png Figure 1. The geometry of a planetary microlensing event in the Galactic bulge. Bulge main sequence stars are monitored for magnification due to gravitational lensing by foreground stars and planets in the Galactic disk and bulge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-number-of-free-floating-planets-to-be-ucojmfvc.png Figure 4. The number of free-floating planets to be discovered by GEST for 2 different detection criteria, which are equivalent to 17σ and 30σ respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-separation-distributions-of-detected-planets-3b096unu.png Figure 8. The separation distributions of detected planets for space-based and ground-based microlensing surveys are shown based upon realistic simulations these surveys. Note that the groundbased surveys also detect and characterize about 100 times fewer planets than a space-based survey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-difference-between-ground-and-space-based-data-62qrh7va.png Figure 6. The difference between ground and space-based data for microlensing of a bulge main sequence star is illustrated with images of microlensing event MACHO-96-BLG-5. The two top panels are 50 min. R-band exposures with the CTIO 0.9m telescope, while the bottom images have been constructed from HST frames. The bottom left image represents a 10 minute exposure with GEST’s angular resolution and pixel size, and the image on the right is a slightly degraded HST image, which represents the diffraction, limited image that can be reconstructed from the GEST dither pattern. The lensing magnification factors are A = 4 and 10 for the ground based images and 1.07 for the space based image. The source star, a Galactic bulge G-dwarf is indicated by the arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-light-curve-for-a-typical-planetary-deviation-that-s0niyk1d.png Figure 7. Light curve for a typical planetary deviation that can be detected by a ground based survey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-gest-shutter-concept-bu6q82kb.png Figure 13. The GEST shutter concept. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-left-hand-panel-shows-the-quantum-efficiency-1p4pnp69.png Figure 12. The left hand panel shows the quantum efficiency curve for the Lincoln Labs CCDs made from high resistivity silicon as compared to other space qualified CCDs, and the right panel shows the layout of the GEST focal plane. https://scispace.com/papers/the-galaxies-that-reionized-the-universe-2szy393bdl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-ratio-r-z-of-the-number-of-ionizing-photons-29tn351v.png Figure 1. The ratio R(z) of the number of ionizing photons produced per hydrogen atom up to redshift z in the two fiducial GALFORM models, BAUGH05 and BOWER06 (thick lines, left y-axis) as well as the total emissivity, (z), in the same models (thin lines, right y-axis). The horizontal dashed lines mark the minimum number of photons per H atom that must be produced to achieve reionization: in the most optimistic case, only one (bottom line), but 10 or more when reasonable values for the ionizing escape fraction and mean number of recombinations per H atom are taken into account (top line). The BAUGH05 model produces ∼100 times more ionizing photons by z ∼ 10 than BOWER06 and reaches 10 photons per H atom z ∼ 5 earlier. The decreased slope in (z) at z ≤ 6 is caused by the turn-on of photoionization feedback at z = 6 in both models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lyman-continuum-photon-luminosity-nlyc-m-z-of-tnwchhy4.png Figure 2. Lyman-continuum photon luminosity, ṄLyC(M, z), of haloes as a function of halo mass M, in the BAUGH05 model at z = 10 (median and mean relation are shown as thick and thin solid lines, respectively). ṄLyC increases approximately as ṄLyC ∝ M1.8 for small haloes M 2 × 109 h−1 M , and as ṄLyC ∝ M for more massive haloes, with little dependence on redshift. The 50 and 90 per cent ranges of ṄLyC(M) at given halo mass are shaded red and purple, respectively. There is up to 5 dex range in ṄLyC at a given mass, a consequence of the dominance of starbursts in producing ionizing photons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-effect-of-photoionization-on-the-predicted-35m91rk6.png Figure 11. The effect of photoionization on the predicted rest-frame 1500-Å LF in the BAUGH05 model at redshift 6. The models differ in their choice of reionization redshifts (zcut), and of the halo circular velocity below which galaxies are affected by photoionizing feedback (Vcut). The corresponding emissivities were shown in Fig. 8. The data (solid points) are from Bouwens et al., as in Fig. 9. If galaxies with Vcut = 60 km s−1 are affected by suppression, then early reionization (zcut ∼ 10) can be ruled out by the current data, since then the predicted number density of galaxies at M1500,AB ∼−18 is ∼4 times lower than observed (red lines). A more reasonable suppression scale of Vcut = 30 km s−1 is consistent with early reionization (green lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dependence-of-the-total-number-of-ionizing-photons-1tf4rns6.png Figure 4. Dependence of the total number of ionizing photons produced per hydrogen atom up to redshift z,R(z), on the starburst parameters in BAUGH05: default model (black), no bursts (red), including bursts, but not the change to a top-heavy IMF in bursts (blue). Including bursts increases (z) by a factor of 5–10, depending on redshift. The effect of the change in IMF in the bursts is large, yet even without it bursts still increase by a factor of ∼2. Neglecting bursts delays reionization (R = 10) by z ∼ 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dependence-of-emissivity-as-a-function-of-halo-mass-3sodrc89.png Figure 5. Dependence of emissivity as a function of halo mass, d /d log10M, on the burst parameters in the BAUGH05 model. The characteristic halo mass at which 50 per cent of the ionizing photons is produced does not greatly depend on the burst parameters. However, switching off the bursts (red short dashed line) extends the halo mass range in which the majority (∼90 per cent) of ionizing photons is produced by ∼1 order of magnitude in comparison to the default model (solid black line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-main-panel-lyman-continuum-emissivity-as-a-function-j1gmo3r7.png Figure 3. Main panel: Lyman-continuum emissivity as a function of halo mass, d (M, z)/d log10(M), for various redshifts indicated in the panel. The emissivity, which is low for very low mass haloes that are unable to cool gas, reaches a peak which increases with decreasing z, and a tail towards larger masses is set by the exponential drop in the number of massive haloes. At z ∼ 10 most ionizing photons are produced by haloes in a relatively small mass range, ∼1 dex. Top inset: Cumulative fraction fc of ionizing photons produced in haloes more massive or less massive than a given value (rising and falling curves, respectively). The mass of haloes below which 50 per cent of ionizing photons is produced rises by approximately an order of magnitude from ∼8 × 108 h−1 M at z = 14 to ∼8 × 109 h−1 M at z = 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-rest-frame-1500-a-broad-band-luminosity-functions-9ihesa22.png Figure 9. Rest-frame 1500-Å broad-band luminosity functions of the default BAUGH05 model (lines) compared to data from Bouwens et al. (2007) and Bouwens et al. (2009), at redshifts z = 6 and 10 (symbols with error bars; downward pointing arrows mark 1σ upper limits). Both the default BAUGH05 model (black solid lines) and the single IMF variant (long dashed blue lines) produce reasonable fits to the observed LFs at both redshifts. The insets in each panel show the cumulative fraction of ionizing photons produced in galaxies brighter than, or fainter than, a given value of the M1500,AB absolute AB magnitude (rising and falling curves, respectively). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-distribution-of-lyman-continuum-photon-luminosities-2ld6upw6.png Figure 6. Distribution of Lyman-continuum photon luminosities, ṄLyC at z = 10, for haloes with mass M ≈ 109 h−1 M . Different line styles refer to different models for the bursts, vertical dotted and solid lines indicate median and mean ṄLyC in the default model, respectively. The distribution of ṄLyC peaks at a few times 1050 h−2 photons s−1, but allowing bursts introduces a long tail towards much more luminous galaxies (red versus black histograms), with the change in IMF in bursts having a large contribution to this (blue versus black histograms). This tail makes the mean ṄLyC nearly 2 dex brighter than the median. In the default model with a top-heavy IMF in bursts there is a nearly 5 dex range in luminosity at given halo mass. https://scispace.com/papers/the-gaming-involvement-and-informal-learning-framework-4kul2etznp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-informal-learning-categories-2te91j9g.png Table 1: Informal learning categories https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gaming-involvement-and-informal-learning-framework-3hpz4f1a.png Figure 1: Gaming Involvement and Informal Learning framework https://scispace.com/papers/the-gambler-s-and-hot-hand-fallacies-theory-and-applications-4krb14gftp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-assessed-probability-that-the-next-flip-of-a-coin-5t3weprc.png Table 1: Assessed probability that the next flip of a coin will be heads (H) given the last three flips being heads or tails (T). Based on Rapoport and Budescu (1997), Table 7, p. 613. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-freddys-persistence-estimate-relative-volume-and-2l2fgglq.png Table 2: Freddy’s persistence estimate, relative volume, and relative value of information. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-a-signal-in-period-t-k-on-freddys-2dbgk0zs.png Figure 2: Effect of a signal in Period t− k on Freddy’s expectation Ẽt−1(st), as a function of k. The dotted line represents the belief that the state has changed, the dashed line represents the effect of the gambler’s fallacy, and the solid line is Ñk, the sum of the two effects. The solid line with diamonds is Nk, the effect on the expectation Et−1(st) under the true model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-a-signal-in-period-t-k-on-freddys-2k7lemv2.png Figure 1: Effect of a signal in Period t− k on Freddy’s expectation Ẽt−1(st), as a function of k. The dotted line represents the belief that the state has changed, the dashed line represents the effect of the gambler’s fallacy, and the solid line is Ñk, the sum of the two effects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-solid-line-represents-the-effect-nk-of-the-2d7gx0xe.png Figure 3: The solid line represents the effect Ñk of the return k − 1 periods ago on Freddy’s forecast of next period’s return. The solid line with diamonds represents the effect Nk for Tommy. The plot to the left is for small ν ≡ σ2η/ασ 2 ω, and the plot to the right is for large ν. https://scispace.com/papers/the-gaia-mission-and-the-asteroids-4wesaohw0q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-hipparcos-left-and-gaia-right-satellites-in-a-2ms5ox9s.png Fig. 1. The Hipparcos (left) and Gaia (right) satellites in a pictorial view. Hipparcos: one sees above the thruster and solar arrays one of the telescope baffle, for one of the observing direction. Gaia: the large, circular sunscreen will be deployed after launch and cargo to L2, it protects the instruments and permit their thermal stability. The telescopes, detectors and associated circuitry are situated inside the hexagonal or cylindrical housing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-g-piazzi-1746-1826-on-the-left-showing-not-gauss-but-fr92i9ev.png Fig. 23. G. Piazzi (1746–1826) on the left showing—not Gauss but—his newly discovered minor planet Ceres Fernandinea; and C. F. Gauß (1777–1855) on the right in a portrait (extract) painted well after the Ceres story (he was 24 at that time). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-efficiency-of-gaia-in-measuring-the-diameters-of-the-1furxlli.png Fig. 7. Efficiency of Gaia in measuring the diameters of the Main Belt asteroids. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-the-same-as-fig-15-but-here-the-predicted-magnitude-268e76ms.png Fig. 16. The same as Fig. 15, but here the predicted magnitude is plotted against the ecliptic longitude of the object at the epochs of Gaia observations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-number-of-observations-of-main-belt-asteroids-of-j8eipeig.png Fig. 8. Number of observations of Main Belt asteroids of different sizes, allowing a size measurement with an accuracy of 10 % or better. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-the-diurnal-left-and-seasonal-right-yarkovsky-effects-dk74lh5d.png Fig. 22. The diurnal (left) and seasonal (right) Yarkovsky effects. Depending on the prograde (resp. retrograde) spin axis direction the force will secularly decrease (resp. increase) the semi-major axis of the asteroid (diurnal). In case of zero obliquity (purely seasonal) one always has da/dt ≤ 0. (Credits GSFC NASA). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-graphical-explanations-of-the-aspect-x-and-the-3h4kads6.png Fig. 9. Graphical explanations of the aspect (ξ) and the obliquity (o) angles. The angle α in this figure is the phase angle. Vector Z′ is the direction of the positive spin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-same-as-fig-10-but-this-time-for-an-object-having-2grneglb.png Fig. 13. The same as Fig. 10, but this time for an object having the same pole (λ = 30◦, β = 60◦), but a more elongated shape: b/a = 0.7, c/a = 0.3. https://scispace.com/papers/the-gender-gap-in-bank-credit-access-p3uvh6v2z9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-number-of-companies-and-proportion-of-them-led-by-a-1z9rfjwp.png Fig. 4. Number of companies and proportion of them led by a woman, by industry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-number-of-companies-and-proportion-of-them-led-by-a-25sfiiyn.png Fig. 3. Number of companies and proportion of them led by a woman, by province. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-types-of-discrimination-jfxklxqa.png Fig. 1. Types of discrimination. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-panel-data-models-on-credit-demand-credit-access-ythdne3z.png Table 10 Panel data models on credit demand, credit access and credit default. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-initial-equity-of-firms-in-the-year-of-their-26f968l7.png Table 3 Initial equity of firms in the year of their creation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-number-of-companies-requesting-a-loan-by-year-of-2s1ra4zn.png Fig. 5. Number of companies requesting a loan, by year of creation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-proportion-of-firms-obtaining-a-loan-by-year-of-tlva2cp6.png Fig. 6. Proportion of firms obtaining a loan, by year of creation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-logit-models-on-the-probability-of-going-into-2mnmiist.png Table 7 Logit models on the probability of going into arrears two years after obtaining a bank loan. https://scispace.com/papers/the-gene-brain-tumor-constrains-growth-to-ensure-proper-4sv3ztwip1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-brat1-animals-experience-elevated-regeneration-2hnvgsnr.png Figure 3. brat1/+ animals experience elevated regeneration signaling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-chinmo-levels-are-elevated-in-brat1-and-myc-yxls0usa.png Figure 7. Chinmo levels are elevated in brat1/+ and Myc-overexpressing regenerating discs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-overexpression-of-cell-cycle-genes-does-not-cause-1rogq3eb.png Figure 6. Overexpression of cell cycle genes does not cause patterning defects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-brat-regulates-margin-cell-fate-specification-1bzn4jjh.png Figure 4. Brat regulates margin cell-fate specification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-brat1-animals-have-a-regenerative-growth-advantage-2o2op10r.png Figure 2. brat1/+ animals have a regenerative growth advantage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-enhanced-regenerative-growth-and-wing-margin-cell-q61jibvy.png Figure 1. Enhanced regenerative growth and wing margin cell-fate specification defects in brat1/+ during regeneration. https://scispace.com/papers/the-gastric-acid-pocket-is-attenuated-in-h-pylori-infected-1v41ykow0a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-relative-positions-of-the-12-2ogekyx1.png Fig 1. Schematic diagram of the relative positions of the 12 sensor pH catheter, 36 sensor manometer and SCJ (identified by attached metal clip) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relative-reduction-in-parietal-and-chief-cell-1cx4eivv.png Fig 3. Relative reduction in parietal and chief cell densities at different gastric locations in H.pylori infected versus non-infected https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-median-ph-for-0-30-minute-period-after-meal-relative-zn8lbqo0.png Fig 2. Median pH for 0-30 minute period after meal relative to LES and SCJ in H.pylori positive (HP+) and negative (HP-) subjects https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-relative-positions-of-the-12-1680vo7f.png Fig 1. Schematic diagram of the relative positions of the 12 sensor pH catheter, 36 sensor manometer and SCJ (identified by attached metal clip) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relative-reduction-in-parietal-and-chief-cell-2gws982z.png Fig 3. Relative reduction in parietal and chief cell densities at different gastric locations in H.pylori infected versus non-infected https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-median-ph-for-0-30-minute-period-after-meal-relative-q2rg1007.png Fig 2. Median pH for 0-30 minute period after meal relative to LES and SCJ in H.pylori positive (HP+) and negative (HP-) subjects https://scispace.com/papers/the-gastropod-foregut-evolution-viewed-through-a-3l15jna2ws 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-nurse-egg-feeding-by-young-embryos-of-the-neogastropod-2q9tk3j5.png Fig. 7. Nurse egg feeding by young embryos of the neogastropod Nucella ostrina removed from egg capsule. (A) Viable embryos (e) ingesting a central mass of nurse eggs (ne); broken line indicates level of histological section shown in B. (B) Transverse section through embryo showing ingested nurse eggs packed into enlarged homologue of larval esophagus (wall indicated by arrows); note initial formation of ventral module (vm). (C) Transverse section through embryo after all nurse eggs have been eaten showing spacious but now empty homologue of larval esophagus (le) with developing ventral module (vm). Scale bars, 50 µm. Fig. 7 182x60mm (300 x 300 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-development-of-ectodermal-head-structures-in-gastropod-3ngy6t59.png Fig. 4. Development of ectodermal head structures in gastropod larvae. (A) Live non-feeding larva of the patellogastropod Lottia scutum at 60 h after fertilization; neither eyes nor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sequence-of-developing-ectodermal-structures-of-head-195qnlan.png Fig. 3. Sequence of developing ectodermal structures of head during gastropod development. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-nurse-egg-feeding-by-young-embryos-of-the-neogastropod-awsregr1.png Fig. 7. Nurse egg feeding by young embryos of the neogastropod Nucella ostrina removed from egg capsule. (A) Viable embryos (e) ingesting a central mass of nurse eggs (ne); broken line indicates level of histological section shown in B. (B) Transverse section through embryo showing ingested nurse eggs packed into enlarged homologue of larval esophagus (wall indicated by arrows); note initial formation of ventral module (vm). (C) Transverse section through embryo after all nurse eggs have been eaten showing spacious but now empty homologue of larval esophagus (le) with developing ventral module (vm). Scale bars, 50 µm. Fig. 7 182x60mm (300 x 300 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-histological-transverse-sections-through-distal-3rxg5u94.png Fig. 5. Histological transverse sections through distal foregut of the predatory neogastropod https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-sketches-illustrating-changes-to-the-3lszqk2u.png Fig. 6. Schematic sketches illustrating changes to the developing foregut of patellogastropods https://scispace.com/papers/the-general-form-of-0-1-programming-problem-based-on-dna-3sjbw81gq5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hybridize-figure-of-the-first-constraint-equation-1igigymb.png Fig. 4. Hybridize figure of the first constraint equation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-hybridize-figure-of-the-second-constraint-equation-21a0h2qo.png Fig. 5. Hybridize figure of the second constraint equation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fixed-untagged-dna-strands-on-the-surface-1r9vj78h.png Fig. 3. Fixed untagged DNA strands on the surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-hybridize-figure-of-the-third-constraint-equation-15g1zlho.png Fig. 6. Hybridize figure of the third constraint equation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-antiparallel-configuration-3smnc3mh.png Fig. 1. Illustration of antiparallel configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-detailed-encoding-of-all-variables-2y1y9lpl.png Fig. 2. Detailed encoding of all variables. https://scispace.com/papers/the-generalized-finite-volume-sushi-scheme-for-the-2vvjy7m3a5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-time-evolution-of-the-pressure-p-and-the-adaptive-mesh-ldaa4d5f.png Fig. 6 Time evolution of the pressure p and the adaptive mesh in the Haverkamp problem. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-saturation-and-its-kirchhoffs-transformation-2tdgreg0.png Fig. 1 Typical saturation and its Kirchhoff’s transformation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-parameters-in-the-haverkamp-problem-3qzl4nhs.png Fig. 5 Parameters in the Haverkamp problem. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-typical-permeability-12ttsvkn.png Fig. 2 Typical permeability https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-extention-of-function-u-3ptmtwfy.png Fig. 3 Extention of function û. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-time-steps-n-mesh-size-ld-number-of-1u3xtpr3.png Table 1 Number of time steps N, mesh size lD , number of unknowns Nunk , the error on the solution err(u), the error on the saturation err(c(u)) and the experimental order of convergence eoc(u). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-saturation-at-t-0-1-second-and-at-t-0-4-second-the-1a1ozo6l.png Fig. 4 Saturation at t = 0.1 second and at t = 0.4 second. The medium is unsaturated on the right-hand side of the space domain where θ < 4.9348 and fully saturated elsewhere. https://scispace.com/papers/the-generation-of-sum-and-difference-patterns-using-fractal-51ua1vr7zd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-directive-gain-plot-for-the-difference-mode-of-the-1u150r8n.png Figure 3 Directive gain plot for the difference mode of the 27 = 27 array shown in Figure 1. Spacing between the elements in the array is held constant at d s lr2 with f s 08. The maximum directive gain for the difference mode of stage 3 is D s 13.70 dB, with a3 deep null appearing at u s 08 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-directive-gain-plot-for-the-sum-mode-of-the-27-27-c6eq1bdt.png Figure 2 Directive gain plot for the sum mode of the 27 = 27 array shown in Figure 1. Spacing between the elements in the array is held constant at d s lr2 with f s 08. The maximum directive gain for the sum mode of stage 3 is D s 29.36 dB3 https://scispace.com/papers/the-genesis-of-the-electricity-supply-industry-in-britain-a-2cifqiabm8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-electricity-sales-of-the-nesco-from-1891-1913-khy8wgft.png Table 2 Electricity Sales of the NESCo from 1891-1913 (millions kWh) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-nesco-extracts-from-financial-statements-1891-gm5pp9rg.png Table 1 The NESCO extracts from Financial Statements, 1891-1914 (£000) https://scispace.com/papers/the-genetic-architecture-of-local-adaptation-i-the-genomic-13limf7rkt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-attributes-of-the-data-structure-related-to-maternal-f8f7okyk.png Table 1 Attributes of the data structure related to maternal tree. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-consensus-linkage-map-of-12-linkage-groups-derived-7abkw9gi.png Fig. 3 Consensus linkage map of 12 linkage groups, derived from SNPs among individuals of four populations. Working inward from the outermost section of the figure, for each linkage group: (1) the solid black bars represent the span of recombination distances (in centiMorgan) for markers; (2) the individual tick marks show the locations of the markers and the colors represent the density of annotation of the SNPs at that position ((≥ 50% = green, ≥ 25%= red, < 25% = black) to homologous locations in lobolly pine); (3) The black density plot represents the counts of SNPs from all four families mapping to a specific position in the linkage group; (4) the colored density plots show the contribution SNPs from the individual families to the markers on the map at each position, and are shown in order by total read count in the library, with yellow having the most and red having the least amount of reads. Linear plots of linkage groups comprising the consensus map are given in Figure S9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sharing-of-contigs-across-maternal-tree-maps-from-1d02q019.png Fig. 2 Sharing of contigs across maternal tree maps from which the consensus map was constructed. Counts in each cell represent the number of unique contigs appearing on the final consensus map. Unique contigs for the yellow and green maternal trees were largely discarded to make estimation of pairwise recombination fractions computationally feasible (see Materials and Methods). KM = Klamath Mountains; SN = Sierra Nevada. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geographical-locations-of-foxtail-pine-samples-used-to-1s952lw1.png Fig. 1 Geographical locations of foxtail pine samples used to construct a common garden located in Placerville, CA. Circles denote the 15 unique locations from which 4 to 17 maternal trees were sampled. Circles enclosed in squares denote locations from which maternal trees used in linkage mapping were sampled. Photo credits: lower: T. Burt; upper: A. Delfino Mix https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-attributes-of-single-tree-and-the-consensus-linkage-1bop312p.png Table 2 Attributes of single-tree and the consensus linkage maps. Values for ratio variables are totals and are not averaged across linkage groups (see Tables S1–S5). https://scispace.com/papers/the-genetic-status-of-lamalamic-phonological-and-20eehql8xw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-consonant-inventory-lamalama-1j7mpm94.png TABLE 1. CONSONANT INVENTORY: LAMALAMA https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-consonant-inventory-rimanggudinhma-15if5blj.png TABLE 3. CONSONANT INVENTORY: RIMANGGUDINHMA https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-nominal-morphology-22sht0jy.png TABLE 6. NOMINAL MORPHOLOGY https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-nominative-free-pronouns-2ii1qbyn.png TABLE 7. NOMINATIVE FREE PRONOUNS https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-consonant-inventory-umbuygamu-2dqr2u70.png TABLE 2. CONSONANT INVENTORY: UMBUYGAMU https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-morphological-transparency-in-genitive-first-person-2aki3xvv.png TABLE 8. MORPHOLOGICAL TRANSPARENCY IN GENITIVE FIRST PERSON DUAL FORMS https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sound-changes-in-lamalamic-ua1ljh2l.png TABLE 4. SOUND CHANGES IN LAMALAMIC https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-verbal-inflections-xpmblgr9.png TABLE 5. VERBAL INFLECTIONS https://scispace.com/papers/the-genetic-architecture-of-human-infectious-diseases-and-4n3uzevu3t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-id-atlas-resource-list-of-id-traits-17r2iph0.png Figure 1. Overview of ID atlas resource. List of ID traits tested with corresponding Phecode (phewascatalog.org) in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-twas-of-79-pathogen-exposure-induced-cellular-294208hy.png Figure 7. TWAS of 79 pathogen-exposure induced cellular traits improves identification of pathogen-induced cellular mechanisms. (A) Genes reaching significance in Hi-HOST after correction for the total number of genes and cellular phenotypes tested. (B) Integration of EHR data into Hi-HOST facilitates replication of gene-level associations with a clinical ID trait. Genes nominally associated (p < 0.05) with Gram-positive septicemia (Phecode 038.2) in BioVU show significant enrichment for Staphylococcus toxin exposure, a Hi-HOST phenotype. The Q-Q plot shows the distribution of TWAS p-values in the Hi-HOST data for the top genes in the BioVU data. False discovery rate (FDR) thresholds at 0.25 (blue), 0.10 (green), and 0.05 (red) are https://scispace.com/papers/the-genga-code-gravitational-encounters-in-n-body-1vbi0dszzx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-test-particle-mode-performance-comparison-of-1ouqyjhr.png Figure 11. Test particle mode performance comparison of different GPU cards. The GTX 680 and GTX 590, the C2070 on Eiger at CSCS and the K20x on Todi at CSCS. For a large number of particles the K20x is the fastest due to its larger core count, while at a low number of particles it becomes the slowest due to a higher overhead time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-performance-of-the-main-kernels-as-a-function-of-4i1ftc36.png Figure 10. Performance of the main kernels as a function of the number of test particles in a simulation with three massive bodies, tested on a GTX 680. Since the order of the kick kernel is only linear, its contribution is less important than the more complicated FG kernel. All of the kernel execution times grow after a few thousand particles because at this point the GPU is fully occupied. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-the-performance-on-different-gpu-6bb7m1bf.png Figure 9. Comparison of the performance on different GPU cards. The GTX 680 and GTX 590, the C2070 on Eiger at CSCS and the K20x on Todi at CSCS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-parameters-for-parallelized-bulirsch-stoer-2mqdz492.png Table 3 The parameters for parallelized Bulirsch-Stoer integration for different sizes of close encounter groups. The parameter p sets the amount of parallelization in the kernel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-performance-of-the-different-kernels-as-a-function-2o0jxpre.png Figure 8. Performance of the different kernels as a function of the number of bodies. The time of close encounter integration is not included in this plot, because this time depends strongly on the initial condition. For a large number of bodies, the kick kernel clearly dominates the execution time, while at a small number of bodies, the Keplerian drift is the most expensive. At a small number of bodies, the summation of all the kernel overheads plays an important role. This timing was done on an NVIDIA GTX 680 card. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-between-genga-pkdgrav2-and-mercury-for-r9qdumup.png Figure 6. Comparison between GENGA, pkdgrav2 and Mercury for the “Jupiter” simulation after 57,000 yr. The plot shows the semi-major axis vs. the eccentricity, while the size of the points represents the masses of the planetesimals. The three codes show a very similar result, but positions of individual bodies are not comparable between the codes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-performance-of-mercury-genga-and-pkdgrav2-for-a-set-ktenub65.png Figure 7. Performance of Mercury, GENGA and pkdgrav2 for a set of four simulations with 32, 128, 512 and 2048 planetesimals, with each a total mass of 5 Earth masses, distributed between 0.5 and 4 AU. With a high number of bodies, GENGA is up to four times faster than pkdgrav2 and up to 40 times faster than Mercury. At a low number of bodies, GENGA is slower than Mercury because of the slower clock rate of the GPU and because of the kernel overheads. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-five-different-fusion-kernels-the-kernels-fusion-3u8vlgwe.png Table 4 The five different fusion kernels. The kernels fusion and fusion2 merge two different subsets of close encounter groups. The fusionA and fusionA2 kernels merge two different subsets from a tree of close encounter groups, while the fusionB kernel merges several subsets of close encounter groups in serial. https://scispace.com/papers/the-genome-of-low-chill-chinese-plum-sanyueli-prunus-4iby3y3v7q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparative-genomic-analysis-of-plum-and-other-species-2zker9pa.png Fig. 2 Comparative genomic analysis of plum and other species. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-expression-profile-of-psdams-in-dormant-flower-22tor142.png Fig. 6 The expression profile of PsDAMs in dormant flower buds of 'Sanyueli' and 'Furongli' https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-multiple-alignments-of-predicted-amino-acid-sequences-11mzvv1c.png Fig. 5. Multiple alignments of predicted amino acid sequences of DAM genes from plum and other Prunus species. Plum PsDAMs are indicated in red font. PsDAM6-sy and PsDAM6-fr represent PsDAM6 from ‘Sanyueli’ and ‘Furongli’ plum, respectively. The MADS, I and K domains are highlighted in grey, blue and green colors, respectively, at the bottom of the alignment. Three putative amphipathic a-helices, K1, K2, and K3, are indicated by arrows. EAR (ethylene-responsive element-binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression) motif is shown by https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-of-sanyueli-plum-genome-assembly-and-19891pez.png Table 1 Statistics of ‘Sanyueli’ plum genome assembly and annotation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-psdam-genes-in-plum-and-other-rosaceae-species-a-2ey88znc.png Fig. 3 PsDAM genes in plum and other Rosaceae species. A, Overview of the DAM locus in the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-images-of-sanyueli-plum-used-in-this-study-a-b-and-c-fh89b4j4.png Fig. 1 Images of ‘Sanyueli’ plum used in this study. A, B and C indicate fruit of ‘Sanyueli’. D shows a ‘Sanyueli’ plum tree with flowers (E) and fruits (F) in Zhangpu county (Zhangzhou, Fujian province, China) on 5 February, 2016. Daily maximum and minimum temperature from November 2015 to February 2016 was indicated in Supplementary Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-expression-profiles-of-selected-differentially-2uep50hk.png Fig. 7 Expression profiles of selected differentially expressed genes correlated with PsDAM6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-phylogenetic-analysis-of-predicted-amino-acid-2z5j0ptu.png Fig. 4 Phylogenetic analysis of predicted amino acid sequences of DAM genes from plum and other Rosaceae species. DAMs in plum are colored by red. PsDAM6-sy and PsDAM6-fr represent PsDAM6 from ‘Sanyueli’ and 'Furongli’ plum, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/the-genome-of-the-endangered-macadamia-jansenii-displays-2qmahrfdr7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-genome-assemblies-of-three-macadamia-mauo6txh.png Table 4 Comparison of genome assemblies of three Macadamia species. 590 591 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-macadamia-jansenii-genome-sequencing-and-assembly-3rzx9nug.png Table 1 Macadamia jansenii genome sequencing and assembly statistics. 581 PacBio Dovetail Chicago Dovetail Hi-C assembly https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-anti-microbial-peptide-structure-601-2qlhxfl1.png Figure 1 Anti-microbial peptide structure 601 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-heterozygosity-and-genetic-variation-in-m-jansenii-382y6jxt.png Table 5 Heterozygosity and genetic variation in M. jansenii 593 594 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-annotation-of-repeat-sequences-in-the-m-jansenii-wg69ozt8.png Table 2 Annotation of repeat sequences in the M. jansenii genome. 584 585 https://scispace.com/papers/the-genome-of-the-sea-anemone-actinia-equina-l-meiotic-1ynph5evkp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-meiotic-toolkit-genes-studied-in-a-equina-genes-1w2h0c87.png Table 2. Meiotic toolkit genes studied in A. equina. Genes described as belonging to the meiotic toolkit in [57, 58, 61, 62] were examined. Gene models were complete (Ⓒ), partial at the 5’ end (5'-Ⓟ), partial at the 3’ end (Ⓟ-3'), or partial at both ends (5'-Ⓟ-3'). 1 = single base length variation seen between genomic model and transcript with genomic model corrected based upon transcript. 2 = closest match Pms2. 3= No Methionine at start. 4 = No stop codon. 5 = closest match Cohesin subunit SA-1. Genbank accession numbers of A. equina gene models are provided. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3fh2a74m.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-acrorhagin-1-haplotypes-in-anemone-samples-from-uk-23szjr6j.png Table 4: Acrorhagin-1 haplotypes in anemone samples from UK and Irish collections. See Figure 2 for sequence of haplotypes 1-7. N = number of samples. Number of haplotypes assumes diploidy. Of 57 samples sequenced, 8 (14%) were repeated (including the two specimens demonstrating the singleton haplotypes 3 and 7) with identical results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-38bt30av.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-assembly-statistics-from-canu-smartdenovo-purge-2a94xfwf.png Table 3: Assembly statistics from Canu, SMARTdenovo -/+ Purge Haplotigs, and WTDBG assemblers. BUSCO statistics refer to analysis of these genome assemblies (involving interim Augustus annotation) thus statistics differ from analysis of our detailed annotated gene models (see text for gene model BUSCO statistics). https://scispace.com/papers/the-genomic-sequence-and-comparative-genomic-analysis-of-10d7t9g2ok 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-annotation-cultivated-passion-fruit-genome-wl06dciq.png Table 1 The annotation cultivated passion fruit genome. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-genes-used-for-gene-family-clustering-in-nine-13xjc960.png Table 2 Genes used for gene family clustering in nine species. https://scispace.com/papers/the-genus-ochrotrichia-mosely-trichoptera-hydroptilidae-in-7kc3c97f6k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ochrotrichia-conformalis-new-species-male-genitalia-1vanquiz.png FIGURE 4. Ochrotrichia conformalis new species. Male genitalia. 4a, dorsal view. 4b, ventral view. 4c, right lateral view. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ochrotrichia-of-costa-rica-386r5yu8.png TABLE 1. Ochrotrichia of Costa Rica. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ochrotrichia-quasi-new-species-male-genitalia-5a-1wq9ncc7.png FIGURE 5. Ochrotrichia quasi new species. Male genitalia. 5a, ventral view. 5b, left lateral view. 5c, right lateral view. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ochrotrichia-avicula-new-species-male-genitalia-1a-nvcxtzqh.png FIGURE 1. Ochrotrichia avicula new species. Male genitalia. 1a, dorsal view. 1b, ventral view. 1c, left lateral view. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ochrotrichia-jolandae-new-species-male-genitalia-2a-3dx629zj.png FIGURE 2. Ochrotrichia jolandae new species. Male genitalia. 2a, dorsal view. 2b, ventral view. 2c, left lateral view. 2d, right lateral view. Abbreviations: Inferior appendages (ia). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ochrotrichia-arranca-mosely-male-genitalia-3a-2fnrr6q3.png FIGURE 3. Ochrotrichia arranca (Mosely). Male genitalia. 3a, ventral view. 3b, left lateral view. 3c, right lateral view. Abbreviations: segment IX (IX), segment X (X), Dorsal lobe (dl), Ventral lobe (vl). https://scispace.com/papers/the-genus-ruppia-l-ruppiaceae-in-the-mediterranean-region-an-2berlv9asi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-annual-production-of-ruppia-cirrhosa-as-a-function-of-362lt0bi.png Fig. 3. Annual production of Ruppia cirrhosa as a function of water depth from different coastal lagoons. The lagoons corresponding to bibliographic data are Valle Smarlacca, Italy (Azzoni et al., 2001; Bartoli et al., 2008); Llacuna de la Tancada, Spain (Menéndez and Comín, 1989; Menéndez, 2002); Albufera des Grau, Spain (Obrador et al., 2007; Obrador and Pretus, 2010); Lake Ichkeul, Tunisia (Casagranda and Boudouresque, 2007); Tvärminne, Finland (Verhoeven, 1980); Camargue, France (Verhoeven, 1980b); Coastal ponds, Netherlands (Verhoeven, 1980b); Certes fishponds, France (Viaroli et al., 1996; Bachelet et al., 2000); Santo André lagoon, https://scispace.com/papers/the-geography-of-brexit-what-geography-modelling-and-4ta7xme6b4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-predicted-and-actual-proportions-who-voted-2lpomoz7.png Figure 8. The predicted and actual proportions who voted Leave in Birmingham’s wards https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-predicted-and-actual-proportions-who-voted-3dl5vd8y.png Figure 9. The predicted and actual proportions who voted Leave in Plymouth’s wards https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-predicted-proportion-of-individuals-in-great-2ihgpmas.png Table 2. The predicted proportion of individuals in Great Britain in each age and qualifications category who would vote Leave. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-result-of-the-2016-referendum-the-percentage-28r5twc6.png Figure 4. The result of the 2016 referendum: the percentage who voted Leave https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-relationship-between-the-proportion-voting-g5q6cbz8.png Figure 5. The relationship between the proportion voting Leave and the predicted proportion (Model I in Table 3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-differences-by-age-sex-and-educational-2d08ajcv.png Table 1. Differences by age, sex and educational qualifications in voting UKIP at the 2015 general election. (Rates significantly different from the overall rate of 1.0 are shown in bold.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-histogram-of-the-number-of-observations-for-each-1t70s1zb.png Figure 1. Histogram of the number of observations for each local authority in the polling data set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-turnout-at-the-referendum-24ar4yzw.png Figure 6. Turnout at the referendum https://scispace.com/papers/the-geometry-of-cortical-representations-of-touch-in-rodents-5gue7pmxou 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-neurons-show-nonlinear-mixed-selectivity-especially-3ncxno1g.png Figure 5: Neurons show nonlinear mixed selectivity, especially for interactions between contacts and whisker angular position. (a-b) Multidimensional tuning curves of example neurons that exhibit linear mixed selectivity (a) and non-linear mixed selectivity (b) for C1, C2 and C3 whisker contacts. All tuning curves were obtained from the best encoding model (non-linear with one hidden layer, see Fig. 3d). (c) Nonlinear mixed selectivity (∆R2 − ∆R2Linear) for the interaction between the different task variable groups. The interaction between whisker contacts and angular position was the most important nonlinear contribution to the encoding model. (d) Nonlinear mixed selectivity contribution for different time steps and whisker contacts (left) and angular position (right). The strongest interaction for contacts between whiskers occurs at the previous time step, while for angular position it occurs at the current time step. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-rnns-trained-to-perform-the-easy-and-the-1zjav2sc.png Figure 8: The RNNs trained to perform the easy and the complex tasks reproduce the behavioral and electrophysiological results obtained in the whisker discrimination task. (a) Linear and non-linear classification models that read-out from the input space perform equally well on the easy task. On the contrary, only non-linear classifiers that allow for complex cue combination perform above chance on the complex task. The behavioral results obtained on the whisker-based discrimination task are aligned with the easy task (see Fig. 2). (b) The encoding properties of the artificial units differ qualitatively between the easy and the complex RNNs. An RNN trained to perform a task that requires non-linear integration of sensory cues is better explained by an encoding model with non-linear mixed selectivity, while a non-linear encoding scheme provide little additional explanatory power for the easy task RNN. In contrast to (a), the encoding properties of the barrel cortex are aligned with those of an RNN trained to perform a complex task (see Fig. 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-recurrent-neural-networks-rnns-were-trained-on-an-1gfjbrzt.png Figure 7: Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) were trained on an artificial analog of the whisker-based shape discrimination task. (a) A set of noisy and fully connected ReLu units receive input from three independent Bernoulli processes (C1, C2 and C3). On each trial, each channel corresponded to a Bernoulli instance drawn from with either a low or a high success rate parameter λ. (b) The easy task consists of a linear integration task across input channels (top panel). The performance of the neural network increases monotonically with elapsed time (bottom panel). (c) The complex task consists of a nonlinear integration task across input channels (3D-parity; top panel). The performance of the neural network also increases monotonically with elapsed time (bottom panel). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-populations-of-neurons-in-mouse-barrel-cortex-2kuh898f.png Figure 3: Populations of neurons in mouse barrel cortex exhibit non-linear mixed selectivity for task variables. (a) Populations of barrel cortex neurons were simultaneously recorded while mice performed a whisker-based discrimination task. (b) The performance of classifiers using neural data from different timepoints to predict stimulus or choice (left panel) or contacts made by each whisker (right panel). As expected, decoding performance is at random early in the trial when mice do not make contacts and it reaches 65% at the end of the trial. The identity of the whisker making contact could be decoded more accurately than the shape identity. (c) Barrel cortex activity was regressed against task variables. A linear model and non-linear models with different levels of flexibility were used to fit neural firing rate. (d) A fully connected neural network with one hidden layer (NonLin-1) outperforms the linear model and other neural networks with higher degrees of flexibility (left panel). Overall, encoding models explained S1 activity better on correct than error trials (right panel). Errorbars correspond to s.e.m. across neurons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mice-performed-a-whisker-based-shape-discrimination-dlvchx8n.png Figure 1: Mice performed a whisker-based shape discrimination task by accumulating evidence throughout the trial. (a) Animals were presented with either a convex or a concave shape and after two seconds they had to report their choice by licking the left (concave) or right (convex) lickpipe. (b) Whiskers and shape position were monitored by combining a high-speed camera with an image parsing algorithm [10, 11, 12]. (c) The probability of making a correct choice increased throughout the trial, indicating an accumulation of sensory evidence by active whisking. (d) The lick rate increased significantly once the shape was within whisking distance. (e) The time profile of contacts was similar across different whiskers. (f) C1 and C2 made more contacts for convex shapes, while C3 made more contacts for concave shapes. (g) Time profile of whisker contacts for an example animal. As in panel (f), C1 and C2 make more contacts on convex shapes (light colored) while C3 makes more contacts on concave shapes (dark colored). (h) Time profile of whisker contacts for correct (dark colored) and error (light colored) trials for an example animal. All whiskers made more contacts on correct than incorrect trials. Panels (c-e) and (g-h) were obtained using a sliding window of 250 milliseconds. Errorbars in (c-f) correspond to s.e.m. across animals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-nonlinear-sensory-encoding-in-the-barrel-cortex-1ieujekj.png Figure 6: Nonlinear sensory encoding in the barrel cortex allows for complex task performance while maintaining generalization properties. (a) By combining the pattern of contacts sampled by the animals with the different encoding models (linear and non-linear), we generated surrogate neuronal activity that was used as input to decoders performing different tasks. (b) While surrogate neuronal activity generated with a linear encoding model shows high performance for easy task and abstraction, it is at chance level for the complex task (see Fig. 2e and Methods). Non-linear encoding models perform slightly worse at easy tasks and abstraction but well above chance for complex tasks. (c) Shattering dimensionality is the highest for denoised neuronal representations created with the non-linear encoding model with only one hidden layer. (d) Decoding performance was above chance on both the easy (orange) and the complex tasks (XOR; brown) when using the actual neuronal representations. The two tasks were defined on the basis of the total number of contacts at the choice period (see Methods). Errorbars in all panels correspond to s.e.m. across populations of simultaneously recorded neurons (recording sessions). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-contacts-and-whisker-angular-position-are-the-11dtb2kp.png Figure 4: Contacts and whisker angular position are the strongest predictors of S1 population activity. (a) We fit an encoder model to explain the population’s firing rate (r1,r2, ..., rN ) as a nonlinear function of task variables like whisker C1, C2 and C3 contacts, and calculated R2Full, the goodness-of-fit of the full model (Top panels). To assess the importance of each regressor, we set the input data for that regressor (or group of regressors) to zero (gray) and assessed the goodness-of-fit of the reduced model, R2Reduced (Bottom panels). In this way we quantified the importance of each regressor as the resulting decrease in goodness-of-fit ∆R2 = R2Full − R2Reduced. (b) Whisker contacts and angular position were the most important factors on barrel cortex activity as revealed by the decrease in model accuracy ∆R2. (c) The decrease in model accuracy ∆R2 for whisker contacts, angle of contact and angular position revealed that spikes were better explained by the most recent contacts. (d) Previous reward R−1 was encoded by the population early during the trial whereas current reward R0 peaked after mice made their choice. Additionally, although current stimulus S0 and choice C0 followed a similar trend throughout the course of the trial, C0 had a stronger effect on firing rate just as the response window opened at t = 0. Errorbars in all panels correspond to s.e.m. across neurons. https://scispace.com/papers/the-german-model-of-industrial-relations-where-does-it-still-3w0mvc3a7f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-presence-of-ir-institutions-in-germany-of-employees-217cjgfa.png Table 2: Presence of IR institutions in Germany (% of employees covered, all sectors). https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-predicted-probabilities-for-the-non-existence-of-the-235m0tg7.png Table 9: Predicted probabilities for the (non-)existence of the German IR model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-determinants-of-the-non-existence-of-the-german-ir-14y3ejnr.png Table 8: Determinants of the (non-)existence of the German IR model, 2015 (probit estimations, marginal effects, manufacturing and service sectors). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sector-classifications-by-years-3cknjh17.png Table 1: Sector classifications by years https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-formal-and-informal-coverage-2004-and-2015-of-2jpqb8m8.png Table 6: Formal and informal coverage, 2004 and 2015 (% of establishments covered, manufacturing and service sectors). https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-continued-32bf3os5.png Table 8: Determinants of the (non-)existence of the German IR model, 2015 (probit estimations, marginal effects, manufacturing and service sectors). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-298307j7.png Table 3: (continued ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-presence-of-ir-institutions-in-germany-1996-2015-of-2o2hj0cv.png Figure 1: Presence of IR institutions in Germany, 1996–2015 (% of establishments covered, all sectors). Note: only establishments with five or more employees; weighted values. Source: IAB Establishment Panel, own calculations. https://scispace.com/papers/the-geometry-of-the-gas-surrounding-the-central-molecular-464o1u7h9t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-snapshot-of-our-simulation-at-t-178myr-top-row-28opbvco.png Figure 2. The snapshot of our simulation at t = 178Myr. Top row: surface density of gas in the (x,y) plane. Bottom row: corresponding projections in the (l,v) plane in the optically thin approximation and assuming that the angle between the Sun-GC line and the major axis of the bar is φ = 20◦ (Bland-Hawthorn & Gerhard 2016). The left and middle column show HI and CO respectively as calculated by the chemical network included in the simulation. The right column shows a colour coded map on top of the CO emission, allowing one to identify corresponding structures in the (x,y) and (l,v) views. A movie showing a 3D visualisation of the snapshot shown in this figure is available at http://www.ita.uni-heidelberg.de/~mattia/videos/EVF/flyby.mp4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sketch-of-how-the-geometry-of-the-gas-surrounding-2a1ph3n7.png Figure 8. Sketch of how the geometry of the gas surrounding the CMZ might look like according to our interpretation. Coloured straight lines represent the various dust lanes of the MW. The purple circle represents the CMZ. The two yellow clouds on the near side dust lanes represent the l = 5.4◦ and l = 3.2◦ (aka Bania Clump 2) EVFs in Fig. 1 respectively. The yellow cloud on at the intersection between dust lanes and CMZ represents the l = 1.3◦ EVF in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-features-in-the-x-y-plane-and-their-projection-to-368kd4ly.png Figure 3. Features in the (x,y) plane and their projection to the (l,v) plane for the simulation snapshot at t = 178Myr. The top panels are zoom-ins of the bottom panels. Arrows in the left panels show the velocity field in the rotating frame of the bar. Labels mark some of the interesting features. The feature V1 resembles the EVF observed at l = 5.4◦ in Fig. 1. The feature V1 originates as the material on the ‘overshooting’ feature O1 (which has passed very close to the CMZ and brushed it) crashes onto the dust lane feature D1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-zoom-in-that-shows-the-3d-co-position-position-byimc2c3.png Figure 6. Zoom-in that shows the 3D CO Position-Position-Velocity structure of the feature V1 in Fig. 3. A movie showing the feature from different orientations is available at http://www.ita.uni-heidelberg.de/ ~mattia/videos/EVF/zoomV1.mp4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-zoom-in-that-shows-the-3d-co-position-position-3u674xki.png Figure 7. Zoom-in that shows the 3D CO Position-Position-Velocity structure of the feature V2 in Fig. 5. A movie showing the feature from different orientations is available at http://www.ita.uni-heidelberg.de/ ~mattia/videos/EVF/zoomV2.mp4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-line-of-sight-velocity-in-the-x-y-plane-the-larger-ey4f0kas.png Figure 4. Line-of-sight velocity in the (x,y) plane. The larger circle highlights where the feature V1 shown in Fig. 3 originates. In this region, material with very different line-of-sight velocities collides, producing the large velocity dispersion observed in the (l,v) plane. The smaller circle highlights a region at the outer edges of the CMZ, where the dust lane brushes the CMZ. This behaviour also brings into contact material with very different velocities and can give rise to EVFs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-molecular-emission-from-the-inner-galaxy-some-of-1svmyi17.png Figure 1. Molecular emission from the inner Galaxy. Some of the most prominent EVFs (l = 1.3◦, l = 3.2◦ a.k.a. Bania Clump 2 and l = 5.4◦) and the dustlane-like features identified by Liszt (2008) (L1 to L4) are indicated. The grey background shows the 12CO J = 1→ 0 data from Bitran et al. (1997) (in the main panels) and Oka et al. (1998) (in the zoom-in panels). The l = 5.4◦, l = 3.2◦ and L1 to L4 features are highlighted in the CO data. The magma colour scale in the centre shows HCN from the data of Jones et al. (2012). The HCN data only covers the region −0.7 < l < 1.8◦, −0.3 < b < 0.2◦ and −300 < v < 300kms−1. The l = 1.3◦ feature is visible in the HCN data and is indicated with an arrow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-features-in-the-x-y-plane-and-their-projection-to-26wq6h39.png Figure 5. Features in the (x,y) plane and their projection to the (l,v) plane in the central regions for the simulation snapshot at t = 191Myr. The feature V2 illustrates the second type of EVF. This is created as incoming material from the dust lanes crashes into the CMZ. https://scispace.com/papers/the-global-dimension-of-inflation-evidence-from-factor-275n6c1wxo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-series-of-the-first-five-factors-3nfwzwol.png Figure 2: Time series of the first five factors https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-baseline-regression-results-individual-countries-39o59evj.png Table 3: Baseline regression results - individual countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-spectral-densities-of-common-and-idiosyncratic-w4quvxj2.png Figure 6: Spectral densities of common and idiosyncratic components of CPI inflation and the output gap https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-baseline-regression-results-mean-group-estimates-2jw5vyw6.png Table 2: Baseline regression results – mean group estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-monetary-policy-rules-3kiansly.png Table 6: Monetary policy rules https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-varying-coefficient-estimates-mean-group-2v0obzlj.png Figure 5: Time-varying coefficient estimates – mean group https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-shows-the-results-of-various-robustness-checks-9th5ddkk.png Table 4 shows the results of various robustness checks. Moreover, we have included other variables which have been considered in the literature and which may also explain inflation. https://scispace.com/papers/the-glaciogenic-reservoir-analogue-studies-project-grasp-an-34u528baaz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pleistocene-tunnel-valleys-from-the-southern-north-3smkbmex.png Figure 1 Pleistocene tunnel valleys from the southern North Sea. Simple ‘layer cake’ internal architecture of tunnel valleys seen in cross section perpendicular to the valley axis may in fact result from complex clinoform patterns as shown in the section parallel to the valley axis. Seismic artefacts such as multiples are frequent when interpreting near-sea bottom stratigraphy. https://scispace.com/papers/the-global-distribution-of-average-volume-of-alcohol-44d4ascgzh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patterns-of-drinking-included-in-cra-v8b2ard6.png Table 1. Patterns of drinking included in CRA https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-adult-alcohol-consumption-in-1mb1una9.png Table 2. Characteristics of adult alcohol consumption in different regions of the world 2000 (population-weighted averages) https://scispace.com/papers/the-global-financial-crisis-and-the-values-of-professionals-4zsikhhsjk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-financial-occupation-and-other-potential-predictors-3b1qdad8.png Table 6 Financial occupation and other (potential) predictors of SEST, self-enhancement, and achievement values https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-country-samples-included-in-the-analysis-1jsqtqxv.png Table 11 Country samples included in the analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-the-incidence-of-bad-apples-among-pifs-and-the-2wtjko58.png Table 9 The incidence of bad apples among PIFs and the general population https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-framework-of-universal-human-values-notes-values-1wd515ha.png Fig. 1 The framework of universal human values. Notes: values included in the empirical analysis are in bold. Plusses and minuses indicate hypothesized differences between PIFs and the general population (H1a & H1b), with PIFs scoring higher (?) or lower (-) on the selected values https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-differences-in-hedonism-and-stimulation-values-and-1tecav3u.png Table 7 Differences in hedonism and stimulation values and combinations of hedonism and stimulation values with power and achievement values https://scispace.com/papers/the-global-grounding-system-definitions-and-guidelines-ygwafrmztw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-safety-requirements-for-protection-against-electric-na2tahcp.png TABLE I SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRIC SHOCKS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-recognized-specified-measures-m-6josbrqr.png TABLE II RECOGNIZED SPECIFIED MEASURES M https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-step-for-identifying-ggs-2nnk98gd.png Fig. 2. Step for identifying GGS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-interconnection-in-a-ggs-3ivmah9e.png Fig. 1. Interconnection in a GGS. https://scispace.com/papers/the-global-scientific-research-response-to-the-public-health-332xorpook 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-number-of-publications-according-to-the-international-3l13jpx4.png Fig 2. Number of publications according to the International Collaboration Index for each of the top ten most productive countries. The graph is a dispersion matrix, the y-axis is the number of publications on a logarithmic scale base 2 starting at 100 publications and the ICI is on the x-axis starting at 0.3. The size of the circles is related to the number of publications, and the intensity of the colour from dark red to light pink is related to the ICI as shown on the right-side scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-knowledge-map-of-words-extracted-from-titles-and-1wcanfur.png Fig 7. Knowledge map of words extracted from titles and abstracts of articles on WoS related to Zika virus infection from January of 1945 through December 2018. The names in the solid line boxes represent the cluster names and the dotted line boxes represent the most frequent periods for the articles represented by the clusters. The size of each word represents their chi-square value; the distance between them represents how statistically related they are based on the results of the correspondence factorial analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-national-and-international-publications-about-zika-1p75dyfl.png Table 1. National and international publications about Zika virus infection for the top 10 most productive countries. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-chi-values-for-the-top-10-countries-for-each-cluster-30r0zrwy.png Fig 6. Chi values for the top 10 countries for each cluster. The results are calculated taking the observed value (number of text segments) within a cluster minus the expected value for that cluster and country divided by the square root of the expected value. This is the Chi value (not squared) to show negative (or less than expected) values. For each cluster (1 through 6) we have all ten countries and their respective chi value. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-collaboration-networks-among-the-10-most-productive-15y1w1sw.png Fig 4. Collaboration networks among the 10 most productive countries. Each node corresponds to a country and the size of the node is related to the number of international collaborations they have within that group. The thickness of the lines represents the number of collaborations between any two countries and an approximation of those numbers are presented by the box on the top right. The colour scheme emphasizes link differences between countries since the colour of a line is a mix of the colour of the nodes it connects. The node distribution in the figure has been chosen only to facilitate visualization. The two countries with the fewest number of publications are positioned at the centre of the graph and the most productive to the least from top to bottom and left to right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-evolution-of-articles-produced-with-scientific-3j3swvpy.png Fig 3. The evolution of articles produced with scientific collaboration among the top 10 most productive countries on Zika production using only articles found in WoS. The closer the dots are to 0.5 (highlighted by the black line), the articles produced with collaborations are proportional to the articles produced without collaborations. The value corresponding to the year 2015 represents the sum of all work produced by the selected country up until 2015. Points on the zero line correspond to publications that had no international collaboration. The size of the dots for Global WoS articles are divided by 1,000 in order to fit the scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dendrogram-of-the-clusters-obtained-with-iramuteq-the-10zenxnb.png Fig 5. Dendrogram of the clusters obtained with IRAMuTeQ. The dendrogram is divided into 6 clusters formed of branch divisions. The first branch divides Group A, and Group B. Group A is further divided into two subgroups called Group A1 and Group A2. The size of each bar corresponds to the percentage of words in that cluster. The associated name for each cluster appears on its bar, and the colour scheme has been chosen to facilitate visualization. In front of each bar, there is a square word cloud of words with the highest chi-square value to aid the understanding and the representation of each cluster. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-articles-identified-in-pubmed-wos-and-scopus-database-21dhtjra.png Fig 1. Articles identified in PubMed, WoS and Scopus database published from 1945 to the end of December 2018. https://scispace.com/papers/the-globalization-of-technology-in-emerging-markets-a-kw9ehvx7g9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-collaborations-by-patent-applicants-ownership-and-3lbs10y3.png Table 1. Collaborations by patent applicants’ ownership and assignee’s address. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-patent-and-ipr-summary-statistics-39p7xxh8.png Table 2. Patent and IPR summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-role-of-ipr-poisson-fixed-effect-estimations-1ak57up6.png Table 5. The role of IPR. Poisson Fixed effect estimations https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-role-of-the-distance-poisson-estimates-61wg7hsl.png Table 4. The Role of the Distance. Poisson estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-collaborations-by-patent-applicants-ownership-2o2ndnas.png Table 6. Collaborations by patent applicants’ ownership. Poisson estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-collaborations-by-patent-applicants-ownership-fe-1pw6n4m1.png Table 7. Collaborations by patent applicants’ ownership. FE Poisson estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-patent-collaborations-frequency-by-applicant-type-2j9iky7x.png Table 3. Patent collaborations frequency by applicant type. https://scispace.com/papers/the-glycoprotein-gp130-governs-the-surface-presentation-of-1lk4d3hylt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gp130-contributes-to-aplnr-availability-at-the-282d1ut5.png Figure 3. GP130 contributes to APLNR availability at the plasma membrane. (A) Flow cytometry analysis of APLNR and GP130 in patient-derived GSCs (mesenchymal GSC#1, mesenchymal GSC#4, and classical GSC#9) transfected with nonsilencing (sic, blue) and GP130 targeting siRNA duplexes (siGP130, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-aplnr-interacts-with-gp130-at-membrane-microdomains-eupax64z.png Figure 1. APLNR interacts with GP130 at membrane microdomains at the surface of GSCs. (A) Patient-derived GSCs (mesenchymal GSC#1) were fixed, permeabilized and analyzed by confocal microscopy for GP130 (green) and APLNR (red). Merge images are shown, colocalization were visualized using Fiji https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-elmod1-is-modulated-by-gp130-expression-a-rna-was-3apu7dqz.png Figure 4. ELMOD1 is modulated by GP130 expression. (A) RNA was extracted from three independent batches of WT (blue) and GP130 KO (#2, green; and #7, orange) patient-derived GSCs (mesenchymal GSC#1) and analyzed by RNA-seq. Representation of principal-component (PC) analysis and nonsupervised clustering show are shown. “Up” (orange) and “down” (blue) differentially expressed genes are also represented by pairs. n (226, 174, and 22) indicates the number of differentially expressed genes for each comparison. (B) qPCR analysis of up- and down-regulated hits in WT (blue) and GP130 KO#2 (green) GSC#1. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM fold change of three independent experiments using ACTB and HPRT1 as housekeeping genes for normalization. (C) Confocal analysis of ELMOD1 (green) and nuclei (DAPI, blue) in WT and GP130 KO (#2 and #7). Data are representative of three independent experiments. Scale bars, 10 µm. (D) qPCR analysis of ELMOD1, ELMOD2, and ELMOD3 in WT (blue) and GP130 KO (#2, green; and #7, orange). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM fold change on three independent experiments using ACTB and HPRT1 as housekeeping genes for normalization. (E) qPCR analysis of ELMOD1 in GSC#1 transfected with nonsilencing (sic, green) and either GP130 (green) or APLNR (orange) targeting siRNA duplexes. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM fold change of three independent experiments using ACTB and HPRT1 as housekeeping genes for normalization. (F) STAT3 consensus binding sequence was obtained from JASPAR, while putative sites were predicted around ELMOD1 gene using JASPAR and ENCODE (transcription factor ChIP-seq database). (G) qPCR analysis of the ELMOD1, APLNR, and GP130 and known STAT3 target genes (TP53 and BCL2L1) in GSC#1 treated with DMSO (1%, overnight, black) and STAT3 inhibitor (Stattic, 8 μM, overnight, purple). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM fold change of three independent experiments, using ACTB and HPRT1 as housekeeping genes for normalization. (H) Number of coregulated genes (635 “Up,” red, and 257 “Down,” green) with ELMOD1 expression in 489 patients from the cancer genome atlas for glioblastoma (TCGA_GBM) database. Search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins (STRING) analysis of the coregulated genes is shown, together with the main gene ontology (GO) functions. All data are representative of at least three independent experiments. ***, P < 0.001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05 using ANOVA tests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gp130-is-required-for-apln-mediated-gsc-expansion-a-2ynbidot.png Figure 2. GP130 is required for APLN-mediated GSC expansion. (A) Patient-derived GSCs (mesenchymal GSC#1, mesenchymal GSC#4, and classical GSC#9) were cultured in MF conditions (green), MF medium containing APLN (1 µM) plus control isotype Ig (2 µg/µl, black), and MF containing APLN (1 µM) plus anti-GP130 antibody (2 µg/µl, red). Linear regression plot of in vitro LDA is shown for GSC#1. Data are representative of two independent experiments. Stemness frequency was calculated from LDA in GSC#1, GSC#4, and GSC#9. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM on two independent experiments. (B) Tumorspheres per FOVweremanually, single-blindly counted in GSC#1, GSC#4, and GSC#9 treated as in A. Data are presented as themean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Each dot (n > 25) represents one sample count. (C) Silencing efficiency is shown by Western blot for GSC#1 and GSC#4 transfected with nonsilencing (sic, black) or GP130 targeting siRNA duplexes (siGP130, blue). (D) Tumorspheres per FOV were manually, single-blindly counted in GSC#1 and GSC#9, as treated in C, in MF medium, in mitogen-containing medium (NS34) and MF containing APLN (1 µM, APLN). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Each dot (n > 25) represents one sample count. (E) Schematic representation of the GP130 (IL6ST) gene, with positioning of the CRISPR sequence guide at the junction between intro and exon8 (underlined sequence), that encodes for the N-terminal part of the extracellular domain. Genomic sequences in WT and two bi-allelic clones (KO#2 and #7) are shown. TM, transmembrane domain. (F) Flow cytometry analysis in WT and GP130 KO (#2 and #7) GSC#1. Histogram plots are represented with isotype Ig (red) and GP130 staining (blue). (G)Western blot analysis of total protein lysates from WT and GP130 KO (#2 and #7) GSC#1 using the indicated antibodies. Both GAPDH and STAT3 serve as loading controls. (H) LDA were performed in WT (green) and GP130 KO (#2, black, and #7, red) GSC#1 in APLN-only containing medium. Plot is representative of two independent experiments. (I) Tumorspheres per FOVwere manually, single-blindly counted inWT and GP130 KO (#2 and #7) GSC#1, cultured in MF and APLN-only medium. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Each dot (n > 25) represents one sample count. (J)Western blot analysis of total protein lysates from WT and GP130 KO#2 cells in APLN-only containing medium (2 d) using the indicated antibodies. Both TUBULIN and STAT3 serve as loading controls. All data are representative of at least three independent experiments, unless otherwise stated. ***, P < 0.001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05 using ANOVA tests. https://scispace.com/papers/the-graying-of-academia-will-it-reduce-scientific-1x1jcb13mf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-age-distribution-of-american-nobel-laureates-1951-28m426dy.png Figure 1 Age Distribution of American Nobel Laureates (1951– 1972) at Time of Prize-Winning Research and of American Scientists https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-number-of-publications-per-year-by-career-1l05bsfk.png Figure 3 Average Number of Publications per Year by Career Age at Three Homogeneous Subgroups of Institutions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-number-of-publications-published-1965-1969-3bh31xju.png Figure 2 Average Number of Publications Published 1965– 1969 and Number of Citations by Age https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-number-of-article-equivalents-by-tenured-2zns9i3e.png Figure 4 Average Number of Article Equivalents by Tenured Academic Staff in Norwegian Universities in the Periods 1979–1981, 1989–1991, and 1998–2000, by Age https://scispace.com/papers/the-great-recession-us-dynamics-and-spillovers-to-the-world-4hs1ckmsge 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-median-cumulated-response-of-selected-foreign-3r0iqf4i.png Table 4: Median cumulated response of (selected) foreign variables to US shocks for European and Eastern European countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-median-cumulated-response-of-selected-foreign-3g9y0gaz.png Table 3: Median cumulated response of (selected) foreign variables to US shocks for OECD and non OECD countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-forecast-error-variance-decomposition-for-us-2hntrzpi.png Table 1: Forecast error variance decomposition for US variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-median-cumulated-response-of-selected-foreign-2gasxzxq.png Table 5: Median cumulated response of (selected) foreign variables to US shocks for Asian and Latin American countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-median-cumulated-impulse-response-analysis-for-us-1h21sufg.png Table 2: Median cumulated impulse response analysis for US variables (selected shocks) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2wdmszdx.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-great-recession-and-the-changing-distribution-of-3eitogu7cc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-confounding-percentages-for-the-mediating-role-of-qh06nqka.png Table 9 Confounding Percentages for the Mediating Role of Household Intensity for Social Effects on Economic Vulnerability by Time Period https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-economic-vulnerability-by-hrp-social-class-and-time-3qlym82h.png Table 3: Economic Vulnerability by HRP Social Class and Time Period https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-correlation-of-economic-vulnerability-with-household-10qsvrgr.png Table 7: Correlation of Economic Vulnerability with Household Work Intensity By Time Period https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-correlation-of-household-work-intensity-with-social-1sxqfvny.png Table 6: Correlation of Household Work Intensity with Social Class By Time Period https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlation-of-economic-vulnerability-with-social-yugqs3fb.png Table 4: Correlation of Economic Vulnerability with Social Class By Time Period https://scispace.com/papers/the-greek-great-depression-a-general-equilibrium-study-of-513kqrr9ix 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-impulse-response-functions-driven-by-the-fiscal-vro6kprz.png Figure 1: Impulse response functions driven by the fiscal austerity package https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impulse-response-functions-driven-by-the-fiscal-3ld4gm0x.png Figure 4: Impulse response functions driven by the fiscal austerity package and the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-impulse-response-functions-driven-by-the-fiscal-1tx4fiad.png Figure 5: Impulse response functions driven by the fiscal austerity package and the deterioration in property rights – Sensitivity analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-steady-state-solution-and-data-averages-2000-09-2m2ep3se.png Table 1: Steady state solution and data averages 2000-09 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-changes-in-the-main-macro-variables-2015-2009-2inhr5vf.png Table 2: Changes in the main macro variables 2015-2009 (%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-deterioration-in-property-rights-in-greece-2002-po7z58v8.png Figure 3: Deterioration in property rights in Greece (2002-2015) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dynamic-paths-of-fiscal-policy-instruments-1sul8ew8.png Figure 2: Dynamic paths of fiscal policy instruments https://scispace.com/papers/the-green-generation-of-sunscreens-using-coffee-industrial-43demhs8mr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-flow-curves-b-frequency-sweeps-and-c-cr-14rve7bk.png Fig. 1. (a) Flow curves, (b) frequency sweeps and (c) cr https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-in-vitro-and-in-vivo-efficacy-tests-of-the-gco-and-1q5scihc.png Table 6 In vitro and in vivo efficacy tests of the GCO and SCO sunscreen. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-skin-adhesive-properties-of-the-formulations-on-dry-2ur3pou7.png Table 7 Skin adhesive properties of the formulations on dry skin and after 40 min of water immersion (mean ± SD, n = 6). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-qualitative-and-quantitative-composition-of-the-2piiw0oy.png Table 1 Qualitative and quantitative composition of the sunscreen formulations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-contact-angle-of-water-gco-and-sco-on-mtio2-zno-and-1eyejsa6.png Table 2 Contact angle of water, GCO and SCO on mTiO2, ZnO and ASt (mean ± SD, n = 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-particle-size-distribution-of-the-different-solid-3tsqa34b.png Table 3 Particle size distribution of the different solid particles proposed (mean ± SD, n = 6). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-droplet-size-distribution-of-gco-and-sco-sunscreen-1zbqcb2x.png Table 4 Droplet size distribution of GCO and SCO sunscreen (mean ± SD, n = 625). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mechanical-properties-of-the-sunscreens-extracted-30my2tfa.png Table 5 Mechanical properties of the sunscreens extracted from the TPA mode (mean ± SD, n = 3). https://scispace.com/papers/the-growing-prevalence-of-emergency-disaster-and-other-ad-25pmeqj8rq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-composition-of-emergency-disaster-and-ad-hoc-1pzoa81m.png Figure 1. Composition of emergency, disaster, and ad hoc payments, 1991S2001 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-federal-government-payments-to-farmers-absolute-8iiokk4m.png Table 1. Federal Government Payments to Farmers, Absolute Amount and Percentage of Total Payments, 1991S2002 https://scispace.com/papers/the-growth-employment-poverty-nexus-in-latin-america-in-the-3dy8bowl82 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-share-of-employment-by-educational-level-employed-9859imvc.png Figure 7: Share of employment by educational level: employed workers, 15 years old or more, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-hourly-wage-in-main-occupation-at-ppp-dollars-of-2aq7obnv.png Table 7: Hourly wage in main occupation at PPP dollars of 2005. 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-labour-force-rate-employment-to-population-rate-and-2whtlluf.png Figure 3: Labour force rate, employment-to-population rate and unemployment rate: population 15 years old or more, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-sources-of-monthly-household-total-income-at-ppp-11k89evv.png Figure 11: Sources of monthly household total income at PPP dollars of 2005. 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-gini-coefficient-of-per-capita-household-per-1f9ih0nd.png Figure 12: Gini coefficient of per capita household per capita income and labour earnings, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-share-of-persons-in-the-labour-force-by-educational-28pyda8v.png Table 8: Share of persons in the labour force by educational levels: population 15 years old or more, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-unemployment-rate-by-educational-levels-population-1l59801r.png Table 9: Unemployment rate by educational levels: population 15 years old or more, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-household-surveys-description-2r2vo1yu.png Table 1: Household surveys’ description https://scispace.com/papers/the-growth-effects-of-institutional-instability-zgp41ca1jv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-growth-effects-of-institutional-quality-instability-2y935wwh.png Table 2 Growth effects of institutional quality, instability and trend – using the aggregate political risk index https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-principal-components-analysis-loadings-and-365047vc.png Table 3 Principal components analysis: loadings and uniqueness https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-legal-quality-1984-2004-four-examples-notes-for-ibhkt9jx.png Fig. 1 Legal quality 1984-2004, four examples. Notes. For interpretative convenience, we have rescaled indices in this figure to be within the same interval as the original ICRG components. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-growth-effects-of-institutional-quality-instability-2afs789i.png Table 4 Growth effects of institutional quality, instability and trend – using the three PCA indices https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-components-of-the-political-risk-index-of-the-syu952z7.png Table 1 The components of the political risk index of the ICRG https://scispace.com/papers/the-growth-and-dynamics-of-ensis-directus-in-the-near-shore-1r9q7jh7nc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gam-fits-describing-the-averaged-2011-2012-seasonal-2pe9971d.png Figure 2. GAM fits describing the averaged (2011-2012) seasonal cycles in (A) temperature, (B) Chlorophyll, (C) 255 SPM and (D) Ratio of Chl-a/SPM as measured over the period February 2011-November 2012. Curves are GAM fits 256 with 95% confidence limits around it. GAMs were constructed with the R package "mgcv" (Wood, 2006). 257 258 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-study-area-offshore-the-coast-of-egmond-the-1rf7l3wa.png Figure 1. A) Study area offshore the coast of Egmond (the Netherlands; Province of North Holland) with (B) 158 bathymetric map with locations of the measurement platform (lander) and the four surrounding sample stations 159 (LNW, LNE, LSW, LSE). Colorscale indicates waterdepth in meter. 160 161 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-distribution-and-density-of-ensis-directus-all-year-cbi53c31.png Figure 8. Distribution and density of Ensis directus (all year classes) along the coast of North Holland in June 2011. 378 The shallow area (<10m) could not be sampled. Hence, no information on densities in this area are available. Black 379 filled circles of different size indicate density. White circles indicate absence from sample. The triangle indicates the 380 deployment location of the measurement platform (lander). 381 382 383 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-temporal-development-of-a-shell-length-b-afdw-c-2jxgbe1o.png Figure 4. Temporal development of (A) shell length, (B) AFDW, (C) condition index (AFDW shellvolume-1) and (D) 291 the amount of gonad tissue as percentage of total bodymass between February 2010 and November 2012 measured 292 for the 2009 cohort of E. directus. 293 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-positions-of-the-measurement-platform-lander-and-the-1vflb9eq.png Table 1. Positions of the measurement platform ("Lander") and the four stations around it which were sampled 6 177 times in 2010 and 19 times in the period between 2011-2012. 178 179 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-rda-correlation-triplot-showing-the-relationships-2a9sbmvj.png Figure 9. RDA correlation triplot showing the relationships between abiotic variables (averaged over periods) and the 399 E. directus growth parameters determined at the end of each of these periods. Measurements cover the years 400 2011-2012. Shell= shell growth, AFDW= Ash free dry weight growth, Gonad,=change in relative gonadal mass., 401 Chloro=average chlorophyll concentration at 30cm above the seafloor, Sal=average Salinity, SPM = average 402 Suspended matter concentration, Waves = average waveheight and Temp= average temperature. 403 404 405 The explanatory variables explain about 49% of the observed variance in growth and 406 condition parameters of Ensis directus. The (correlation) triplot made on basis of the first two 407 RDA axis shows that wave height and SPM are strongly linked and are inversely related to 408 tissue growth. Tissue growth (AFDW in Fig. 9) is positively related to chlorophyll (Chloro). 409 Strikingly, shell growth (Shell) appears to be unrelated to tissue growth (AFDW). Instead shell 410 growth is positively correlated to water temperature. The change in gonadal mass (Gonad) is 411 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-the-test-statistics-of-the-permutation-c9xtpkih.png Table 2. Overview of the test statistics of the permutation test to determine the order of importance of the 419 various environmental factors in explaining growth and condition parameters (Shell growth, AFDW growth, 420 change in Gonadal mass and average caloric content as measured in E. directus in 2011 and 2012. 421 422 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-gam-fit-wood-2006-of-the-percentage-glycogen-in-1xbi6g8x.png Figure 7. Gam fit (Wood, 2006) of the percentage glycogen in homogenized freeze dried Ensis directus tissue in the 355 period 2011-2012. Fitted line is significant at p<0.001. 356 357 https://scispace.com/papers/the-guinea-pig-as-a-model-for-equine-amnionitis-and-fetal-2dfxgiajf8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-seasonal-life-history-of-the-processionary-3cd6r3zi.png Figure 2.4: Seasonal life history of the Processionary Caterpillar (Ochrogaster lunifer) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-11-abnormal-outcomes-abortion-fetal-death-abnormal-2xthalbd.png Table 4.11: Abnormal outcomes (abortion, fetal death, abnormal placentae and positive bacterial isolation) of pregnancies between treatment and control guinea pigs in each experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-11-experiment-3-gp15-euthanased-on-gd34-following-3-2d185gk0.png Figure 4.11: Experiment 3. GP15 euthanased on GD34 following 3 days treatments. There was one dead small fetus R4 and three normal fetuses (R1, R2, R3). R4 placenta showed a significant difference compare with R3 placenta. a) GP15 R4 placenta. Toluidine blue staining. (Bar: 200μm) b) GP15 R4 placenta. Toluidine blue staining. (Bar: 50.0μm) c) GP15 R3 placenta. Toluidine blue staining. (Bar: 200μm) d) GP15 R3 placenta. Toluidine blue staining. (Bar: 50.0μm) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-experiment-3-outcome-of-pregnancies-in-guinea-pigs-3e7u2gt0.png Table 4.2: Experiment 3: Outcome of pregnancies in guinea pigs treated with Processionary caterpillar exoskeleton daily for up to 3 days from GD25. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-6-experiment-3-category-of-the-isolated-bacteria-1424uahw.png Table 4.6: Experiment 3. Category of the isolated bacteria from treated guinea pigs Enteric Environmental/ https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-7-experiment-3-site-and-category-of-which-bacteria-13art4by.png Table 4.7: Experiment 3. Site and category of which bacteria isolated from treated GPs https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-1-experiment-2-guinea-pig-allocation-and-sampling-18uw6ybn.png Table A.1.1 Experiment 2 guinea pig allocation and sampling date https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-sites-for-samples-taken-from-dam-and-fetus-for-2h5s0wpk.png Table 3.4 Sites for samples taken from dam and fetus for bacteriology Swab Fluid BHIB Maternal Samples Peritoneum Heart blood Placenta Left uterine horn Uterine horn Right uterine horn https://scispace.com/papers/the-guaiac-based-fecal-occult-blood-test-in-healthy-dogs-2x74xfjv99 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-regarding-measured-and-real-hemoglobin-2dr56vdm.png Table 2. Data regarding measured and real hemoglobin concentration administered to the five dogs 338 https://scispace.com/papers/the-hardness-profile-as-a-tool-to-detect-spurious-stationary-21afayoqo7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-profiles-of-the-relative-energies-solid-line-and-2w8s6pek.png FIG. 4. Profiles of the relative energies~solid line! and hardness (h1 dashed line andh2 dot–dashed line! calculated for the rotation of B2F4 around the B–B bond. The hardness values and the relative energies are given in a.u. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-profiles-of-the-relative-energies-solid-line-and-1adwr2nc.png FIG. 5. Profiles of the relative energies~solid line! and hardness (h1 dashed line andh2 dot–dashed line! calculated for the linear transit path described the /SiCSi angle. The hardness values and the relative energies are given in a.u. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-profiles-of-the-relative-energies-solid-line-and-2o924a6n.png FIG. 7. Profiles of the relative energies~solid line! and hardness (h1 dashed line! calculated by changing the/HOX angle of the HCCH̄ O3 complex. The hardness values and the relative energies are given in a.u. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-representation-of-the-reactio-studied-with-2d58ze1i.png FIG. 1. A schematic representation of the reactio studied with their correct stationary points and the i ternal coordinates chosen to computed the linear tra paths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-profiles-of-the-relative-energies-solid-line-and-tf2c8u44.png FIG. 6. Profiles of the relative energies~solid line! and hardness (h1 dashed line andh2 dot–dashed line! calculated by changing the/HOH1X angle of the H2O¯HCl dimer. The hardness values and the relative energies are given in a.u. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-profiles-of-the-relative-energies-solid-line-and-2hd4z5kp.png FIG. 2. Profiles of the relative energies~solid line! and hardness (h1 dashed line andh2 dot–dashed line! calculated for the internal rotation of H2O2 . The hardness values and the relative energies are given in a.u. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-profiles-of-the-relative-energies-solid-line-and-3b3ctxzv.png FIG. 3. Profiles of the relative energies~solid line! and hardness (h1 dashed line andh2 dot–dashed line! calculated for the rotation of B2F4 around the B–B bond. The hardness values and the relative energies are given in a.u. https://scispace.com/papers/the-harmonic-balance-method-for-bifurcation-analysis-of-3dyhjwbw82 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-smallsat-spacecraft-equipped-with-an-inertia-wheel-2aa59opv.png Figure 1: SmallSat spacecraft equipped with an inertia wheel supported by the WEMS and a dummy telescope connected to the main structure by the SASSA isolators. (a) Photograph. (b) Schematic of the nonlinear vibration isolation device. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-smallsat-frequency-response-at-nc1-z-node-for-3q7snr6b.png Figure 4: SmallSat frequency response at NC1-Z node for harmonic excitations of amplitude F = 155N applied to the inertia wheel, obtained with the HB method. (a) Displacement responses with markers ◦ and N depicting fold and NS bifurcations, respectively. (b) Harmonic coefficients responses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-smallsat-displacement-response-at-nc1-z-node-for-27afkkco.png Figure 5: SmallSat displacement response at NC1-Z node for excitations of amplitude (a) F = 155N and (b) F = 174N applied to the inertia wheel. The blue lines represent the swept-sine response obtained from time simulation, and the black lines are the frequency responses obtained with the HB method. Markers ◦ and N depict fold and NS bifurcations, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nonlinear-dynamics-of-the-smallsat-time-responses-1tzvvmp6.png Figure 3: Nonlinear dynamics of the SmallSat. Time responses of the NC1-Z node of the SmallSat for different excitations applied to the inertia wheel. (a) Swept-sine excitation of amplitude F = 155N. (b) Harmonic excitation of amplitude F = 155N and frequency ω = 30.5Hz. (c) Swept-sine excitations of amplitudes F = 168N (purple curve), 170N (black curve), 172N (orange curve) and 174N (green curve). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-elimination-of-the-ns-bifurcations-a-the-blue-line-2ue35vof.png Figure 7: Elimination of the NS bifurcations. (a) The blue line represents the branch of NS bifurcations tracked with respect to the axial damping coefficient cax and frequency ω. Frequency responses of the NC1-Z node for harmonic excitations of amplitude F = 155N, and for configurations with cax = 63Ns/m (reference), 80Ns/m and 85Ns/m are also given with the black lines. Markers N depict NS bifurcations. (b) Projection of the branch of NS bifurcations on the cax-amplitude plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-smallsat-displacement-response-at-nc1-z-node-for-wlli41ce.png Figure 8: SmallSat displacement response at NC1-Z node for swept-sine excitations of amplitude F = 155N applied to the inertia wheel. The blue line and green line represent configuration with cax = 63Ns/m (reference) and 85Ns/m, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-merging-of-the-detached-resonance-curve-with-the-18st099o.png Figure 6: Merging of the detached resonance curve with the main frequency response. (a) The orange line represents the branch of fold bifurcations tracked with respect to the excitation amplitude F and frequency ω. Frequency responses of the NC1-Z node for harmonic excitations of amplitude F = 155N, 160N, 170N and 175N are also given with the black lines. Markers ◦ depict fold bifurcations. (b) Projection of the branch of fold bifurcations on the F -amplitude plane. The solid and dashed lines represent the branches for cax = 63Ns/m (reference) and 85Ns/m, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-wems-a-simplified-modeling-of-the-wems-mobile-part-3a9dtxrr.png Figure 2: WEMS. (a) Simplified modeling of the WEMS mobile part considering the inertia wheel as a point mass. The linear and nonlinear connections between the WEMS mobile and fixed parts are signaled by squares and circles, respectively. (b) Experimental stiffness curve of NC1 constructed using the restoring force surface method (in black) and fitted with a trilinear model (in red). https://scispace.com/papers/the-harness-platform-a-hardware-and-network-enhanced-rt197qw1re 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-lattice-topology-for-mpc-x-resource-allocation-1j00etwf.png Figure 5: A lattice-topology for MPC-X resource allocation requests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-modular-lattice-topology-for-mpc-x-resource-15wv2qp1.png Figure 6: A modular lattice-topology for MPC-X resource allocation requests, which has been derived from the non-modular lattice presented in Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-three-classes-of-rtm-jobs-using-different-number-of-1m0m188w.png Table 2: Three classes of RTM jobs using different number of DFEs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-performance-of-a-single-rtm-shot-using-different-17hcevye.png Figure 10: Performance of a single RTM shot using different problem dimensions (S,M,L) and number of DFEs (1, 2 and 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-current-open-cloud-interface-standards-2b1762rf.png Table 1: Current open cloud interface standards. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-performance-model-for-the-rtm-demonstrator-2ov2irkt.png Figure 9: Performance model for the RTM demonstrator automatically generated by the Application Manager. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-performance-model-generated-for-adpredictor-glcfmkj5.png Figure 15: Performance model generated for AdPredictor running on Grid’5000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-heterogeneous-cloud-computing-platform-supporting-1nwxqp5s.png Figure 2: A heterogeneous cloud computing platform, supporting various types of resources, can be built by composing resource managers that implement the HARNESS API in a hierarchical system. https://scispace.com/papers/the-have-be-alternation-in-contemporary-faroese-241lwiiczu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-predicates-used-in-questionnaire-i-with-their-37t098s0.png Table 1. Predicates used in Questionnaire I, with their classification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-judgments-for-4-different-predicate-types-non-32lphuot.png Figure 1. Mean judgments for 4 different predicate types, non-iterative context https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-judgments-on-counterfactuals-with-present-or-1i2o2mgw.png Figure 3. Mean judgments on counterfactuals with present or past auxiliaries in the antecedent https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-example-of-the-four-counterfactual-conditions-in-x1stqjty.png Table 3. Example of the four counterfactual conditions in Questionnaire II: HAVE/BE x present/past auxiliary in antecedent https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-judgments-for-4-different-predicate-types-3fpmmqy6.png Figure 2 Mean judgments for 4 different predicate types, iterative context https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-example-of-the-four-conditions-in-questionnaire-i-1plvvpps.png Table 2. Example of the four conditions in Questionnaire I (HAVE/BE x +/-iteration) https://scispace.com/papers/the-hepatic-compensatory-response-to-elevated-systemic-dqhu34xi82 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tst-deletion-results-in-increased-hepatocyte-1or0khp0.png Figure 4. Tst deletion results in increased hepatocyte respiration but impaired medium–chain fat 962 respiration. (A) Electron microscope images of liver, visualising mitochondria from normal diet-fed 963 C57Bl/6J (n = 4) or Tst—/— (n = 4) mice. (B) Seahorse trace representing the mean oxygen consumption 964 rate (OCR), normalised to protein, by hepatocytes from normal diet-fed C57Bl/6J (n = 6) or Tst—/— (n 965 = 6) mice during a mitochondrial stress test. (C) Respiratory OCR linked to ATP production (oligomycin 966 sensitive) by hepatocytes from normal diet-fed C57Bl/6J (n = 6) or Tst—/— (n = 6) mice, calculated from 967 Figure 4B. (D) Respiratory OCR relating to proton leak (oligomycin insensitive) by hepatocytes from 968 normal diet-fed C57Bl/6J (n = 6) or Tst—/— (n = 6) mice, calculated from Figure 4B. (E) Reduction of 969 maximal uncoupled respiration following inhibition of long chain fatty acid mitochondrial import using 970 etomoxir (8 µM), from normal diet-fed C57Bl/6J (n = 4) or Tst—/— (n = 4) mice. (F) Stimulation of 971 maximal uncoupled respiration following addition of medium chain fatty acid octanoate (250 µM), 972 from normal diet-fed C57Bl/6J (n = 4) or Tst—/— (n = 4) mice. Data are represented as mean ±SEM. 973 Significance was calculated using an unpaired two tailed, student’s t-test (C, D, E, F), * P < 0.05. 974 975 976 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-kegg-pathways-tst-vs-c57bl-6j-liver-nd-fed-26tvd0ar.png Table 3. KEGG pathways (Tst—/— vs C57Bl/6J liver, ND-fed) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-go-terms-congruence-of-peptide-abundance-and-3gp7l5x0.png Table 4. GO Terms: Congruence of peptide abundance and persulfidation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tst-deletion-engenders-a-high-fat-feeding-like-yaolv0uh.png Figure 3. Tst deletion engenders a high fat feeding–like hepatic proteome with a distinct organellar 906 signature. (A) Venn diagram representing the number of proteins significantly different (at P < 0.01) 907 between normal diet-fed Tst—/— and C57Bl/6J (Red circle), and the number of regulated proteins 908 between high fat fed and normal diet-fed C57Bl/6J (Green circle). The overlap (brown) represents 909 those proteins regulated in the same direction by both comparisons (n= 4/genotype). (B) Number of 910 proteins significantly different (at p < 0.01) between 58% high fat and normal diet in either C57Bl/6J 911 (white bar), or Tst—/— mice (Red bar), (n= 4/genotype). (C) Pie charts depicting the proportion of 912 individual liver proteins that are upregulated (Blue space) compared to downregulated (yellow space) 913 after GO term categorisation according to subcellular location. Upper row; normal diet-fed Tst—/— 914 relative to normal diet-fed C57Bl/6J. Lower row, high fat-fed C57Bl/6J relative to normal diet-fed 915 C57Bl/6J. 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tst-deletion-results-in-impaired-glucose-and-lipid-1jfhme0y.png Figure 1. Tst deletion results in impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. (A) Plasma glucose over 120 838 minutes, following pyruvate (i.p., 1.5mg/g) administration in overnight fasted C57Bl/6J (black line, n = 839 9) and Tst—/— (red line, n = 8) normal diet-fed mice. (B) Extinction of NADH measured by absorbance 840 at 340nm, coupled to PEPCK activity from liver homogenates taken from C57Bl/6J (white bar, n = 6) 841 and Tst—/— (red bar, n = 6) normal diet-fed mice. (C) Production of 13C (M+2) acetyl-CoA and 13C (M+3) 842 aspartate generated after a 1 hour pulse of 1mM 3-carbon labelled 13C (M+3) pyruvate in 12C pyruvate 843 free media, expressed as a percentage of the total amount of detected metabolite, in primary 844 hepatocytes from C57Bl/6J (white bars, n = 6) and Tst—/— (red bars, n = 5) normal diet-fed mice. (D) 845 Blood glucose during the pre-clamp phase of the hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp from C57Bl/6J 846 (black lines), and Tst—/— (red lines) fed a control (ND, solid lines, n = 3, 6) or high fat diet (HFD, broken 847 lines, n= 6, 7). (E) Mean integrated radioactive glucose (inversely related to whole body glucose 848 uptake) during a hyperinsulinemic, euglycaemic clamp from normal diet fed C57Bl/6J control (white, 849 n = 3), and Tst—/— (red, n = 6) mice. (F) Plasma glucose expressed as % of baseline glucose, over 120 850 minutes following insulin (i.p., 1mU/g) administration in 4 hour fasted C57Bl/6J (black line, n = 8) and 851 Tst—/— (red line, n = 7) normal diet-fed mice. (G) HPLC quantified total and VLDL plasma triglyceride 852 in 4 hour fasted C57Bl/6J (white bar, n = 6), and Tst—/— (red bar, n = 6) normal diet-fed mice. (H) 853 Representative light microscopic images of fixed liver stained with Oil-Red O from normal diet-fed 854 (ND) or high fat diet-fed (HFD) C57Bl/6J and Tst—/— mice. (I) Analysis of the area of red staining (Oil 855 Red O) after thresholding, using Image J, from normal diet-fed (no pattern, n = 3-4/genotype) or high 856 fat diet-fed (hatched pattern, n = 4-5/genotype) C57Bl/6J (white bars) and Tst—/— (red bars) mice. 857 Data are represented as mean ±SEM. Significance was calculated using repeated measures ANOVA 858 (A,F) 2-WAY ANOVA (C,I), 3-WAY repeated measures ANOVA (D) or unpaired two-tailed student’s t-859 test (B,E,F,G) * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001. For (C) the 2-WAY ANOVA revealed 860 no overall effect of genotype, however a significant interaction between metabolite and genotype 861 was found. The * on the histogram represents this interaction. For (D) significant effects of time 862 (****), diet (*) and genotype (*) were found. For (F) the analysis was performed on absolute glucose 863 values and demonstrated a significant effect of time (****) and an interaction between time and 864 genotype (*). T-tests revealed that the decrement of glucose from baseline at 30 and 60 minutes after 865 insulin was greater in the Tst—/— (*). For (I) no main genotype effect was found, but a significant effect 866 of diet (***), and an interaction (*) were found. Post Hoc analysis using Sidaks’ multiple comparison 867 test show an effect of diet on the 6J controls (***), whereas no effect of diet is found on the Tst—/—. 868 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tst-deletion-results-in-altered-sulfur-metabolites-1krnz4t1.png Table 1. Tst deletion results in altered sulfur metabolites in blood and liver. (A) Sulfide dibimane, 781 thiosulfate-MBB, measured by fluorescence detection following HPLC, from whole blood taken from 782 trunk blood of ND-fed C57Bl/6J (n = 4) and Tst—/— (n = 4) mice. (B) Sulfide dibimane, thiosulfate-MBB, 783 and rGSH-MBB, measured by fluorescence detection following HPLC, from EDTA-Plasma of ND-fed 784 C57Bl/6J (n = 4) and Tst—/— (n = 4) mice. (C) Thiosulfate-MBB corrected for creatinine from 24 hour 785 urine samples, taken from ND-fed C57Bl6/J (n = 4) and Tst—/— (n = 5) mice. (D) Sulfide dibimane, and 786 thiosulfate-MBB, from whole blood taken from the inferior vena cava downstream of the hepatic vein 787 of ND-fed C57Bl/6J (n = 3) and Tst—/— (n = 3) mice. (E) Sulfide dibimane, thiosulfate-MBB, rGSH-MBB, 788 and cysteine-MBB from whole liver (n=4/genotype) of ND-fed C57Bl/6J (n = 4) and Tst—/— (n = 4) mice. 789 (F) Fluorescence from cultured hepatocytes following incubation with P3 (sulfide reactive probe) from 790 ND-fed C57Bl/6J (n = 4) and Tst—/— (n = 4) mice. (G) Ratio of Mito N/MitoA from the liver of ND-fed 791 C57Bl/6J (n = 5) and Tst—/— (n = 5) mice. Data are represented as mean ±SEM. Significance was 792 calculated using unpaired two-tailed student’s t-test. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 793 0.0001 794 795 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tst-deletion-results-in-increased-hepatic-sulfur-2m0mqubi.png Figure 2. Tst deletion results in increased hepatic sulfur excretion and a reduction of protein 884 persulfidation. (A) Cysteine concentrations (MBB-HPLC) in the media incubated with primary 885 hepatocytes in the presence (hatched pattern) or absence (no pattern) of 1mM methionine, from 886 C57Bl/6J (white bars, n = 4/treatment) and Tst—/— (red bars, n = 4/treatment) mice. (B) Glutathione 887 concentrations (MBB-HPLC) in the media incubated with primary hepatocytes in the presence 888 (hatched pattern) or absence (no pattern) of 1mM methionine, from C57Bl/6J (white bars, n = 889 4/treatment) and Tst—/— (red bars, n = 4/treatment) mice. (C) Pie chart depicting the proportion of 890 liver peptides that are significantly higher (82 peptides, purple space) or lower (311 peptides, yellow 891 space), in their persulfidation rate in the Tst—/— (n = 3) relative to C57Bl/6J (n = 3) mice. (D) Total DTT-892 released cysteine-persulfidated liver protein as measured by REVERT total protein stain following 893 western blotting, normalised to the total input protein of the sample from Tst—/— (red bar, n = 4) and 894 C57Bl/6J (white bar, n = 4) mice. Data with error bars are represented as mean ±SEM. Significance was 895 calculated using 2-WAY ANOVA (A, B) or student’s t-test (D), * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. For (A) and (B) 896 the 2-WAY ANOVA reveals a main effect of genotype, indicated by * or ** on the histogram. A 897 significant effect of methionine was also found for both (A) and (B) not indicated on the histogram. 898 For (C) peptides were selected as being significant at a P-diff of 0.95 or greater. 899 900 901 902 903 904 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-go-terms-persulfidation-rate-tst-vs-c57bl-6j-liver-2ulm32zy.png Table 2. GO Terms persulfidation rate (Tst—/— vs C57Bl/6J liver, ND-fed) https://scispace.com/papers/the-heterogeneity-of-national-responses-to-the-covid-19-3e45im24ad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-covid-19-total-cases-total-cases-per-2txkwj2x.png Table 1. Number of COVID-19 total cases, total cases per million, total deaths, total deaths per million, CFR and total tests per 1,000 from the onset of the pandemic *until December 1st, 2020.(3, 8) https://scispace.com/papers/the-heterogeneity-of-foreign-direct-investors-linking-2ogqngzmgg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-matrix-of-size-and-productivity-measures-hw83lnvn.png Table 2: Correlation matrix of size and productivity measures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-affiliate-sales-21jevv0a.png Figure 4: Average affiliate sales https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-of-affiliates-by-size-of-investors-3kg3nj59.png Figure 3: Number of affiliates by size of investors https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-tfp-regression-destination-income-and-sector-38dpm6vr.png Table 5: TFP regression, destination income and sector characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-tfp-regression-baseline-1lwjjvpb.png Table 4: TFP regression, baseline https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-profit-elasticity-by-technological-level-2ybgh2e8.png Table 3: Profit elasticity by technological level https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tfp-distributions-t3ada2hw.png Figure 1: TFP distributions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-tfp-1sb84pul.png Figure 2: Average TFP https://scispace.com/papers/the-hepcidin-regulator-erythroferrone-is-a-new-member-of-the-3m2ycc85ea 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-3o8m6vt0.png Table II https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-putative-osteoprotective-function-of-erfe-in-health-29tf6pk3.png Figure 6: Putative Osteoprotective Function of ERFE in Health and in β–Thalassemia. In conditions of elevated ERFE (A), such as β–thalassemia, more BMP2 and BMP6 is sequestered, decreasing signaling through the BMP/Smad and ERK pathways. This would results in decreased Sost and Rankl expression to decrease osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. In contrast, when ERFE is low (B), increased BMP2 leads to increased BMP/Smad and ERK signaling, increased Sost and Rankl expression and thereby, Sclerostin and RANKL release—this results in a greater suppression of Wnt signaling and increased osteoclastogenesis with consequent decrease in bone formation. Abbreviations: ERFE = erythroferrone; BMP = bone morphogenetic protein; BMPR = BMP receptor; SOST = sclerostin; RANLKL = receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand; OPG = osteoprotegrin; LRP = lipoprotein receptor–related protein; Wnt = wingless-type MMTV integration site family. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-3j2lbooo.png Table I https://scispace.com/papers/the-heterogeneous-block-architecture-eqafv4ghm8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evaluation-system-parameters-3pamwz5b.png Table 1: Evaluation system parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-distribution-of-liveins-and-liveouts-per-block-1h68giu6.png Figure 14: Distribution of liveins and liveouts per block. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-distribution-of-block-type-for-all-retired-blocks-2kd78y43.png Figure 13: Distribution of block type for all retired blocks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-coarse-grained-vs-fine-grained-heterogeneity-j085xew8.png Figure 1: Coarse-grained vs. fine-grained heterogeneity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-performance-power-and-epi-of-different-3fbe9gpf.png Table 2: Summary of performance, power, and EPI of different core designs compared to the baseline out-of-order core. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-distribution-of-block-type-detailed-3sp57tgr.png Table 4: Distribution of block type (detailed). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-histogram-of-average-type-for-each-block-3kser9eo.png Figure 11: Histogram of average type for each block. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-frequency-spectrum-of-the-type-of-each-instance-of-1x2msbt4.png Figure 12: Frequency spectrum of the type of each instance of a given block, averaged over all blocks. https://scispace.com/papers/the-heterogeneous-effects-of-a-food-price-crisis-on-child-4hxlz3n1od 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-children-in-school-working-and-idle-in-2008-and-2010-18q4qzgt.png Table 1. Children in school, working, and idle (%) in 2008 and 2010, by age cohort and gender https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-transitions-between-school-work-and-being-idle-2sd8ybbk.png Table 2. Transitions between School, Work, and Being Idle between 2008 and 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-impact-of-wheat-price-changes-on-probability-of-2tv7fiuw.png Table 6. Impact of wheat price changes on probability of school attendance, by gender and urban and rural https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-impact-of-wheat-price-changes-on-number-of-children-33tqi8w9.png Table 5. Impact of wheat price changes on number of children in school, working, or idle in the household https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-budget-share-of-wheat-consumption-and-food-1r7tk4y3.png Figure 1. Budget share of wheat consumption and food consumption https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-impact-of-wheat-price-changes-on-school-enrollment-3avl5zp0.png Table 9. Impact of wheat price changes on school enrollment and the interaction with having older siblings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-wheat-price-trend-june-2005-june-2010-1f69frxm.png Figure 2. Wheat Price Trend (June, 2005-June, 2010) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relationship-between-self-reported-food-shock-and-3w09h57m.png Table 4. Relationship between self-reported food shock and the probability that children are in school, working, or idle https://scispace.com/papers/the-heterogeneous-impacts-of-business-cycles-on-educational-1ic0cdgxyx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-years-of-completed-education-the-unemployment-rate-3cjhn4zj.png Table 3. Years of completed education & the unemployment rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-sample-21jitumd.png Table 2. Characteristics of the sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-years-of-completed-education-the-unemployment-rate-v7qw63b9.png Table 4. Years of completed education & the unemployment rate by AFQT quintile https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cohort-age-distribution-national-unemployment-rate-2bfdmnko.png Table 1. Cohort age distribution & national unemployment rate https://scispace.com/papers/the-heterologous-expression-of-a-plastocyanin-in-the-diatom-2qjng71yg1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-maximum-quantum-yield-of-psii-fv-fm-394fb3ph.png TABLE 2 Maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), photosynthetically active radiation intensity (PAR) for relative maximum electron transport rate (rETRmax), relative electron transport rate (rETR) at the maximum photosynthetically active radiation intensity (PARmax), maximal P700 + signal upon full oxidation (Pm), and half-life time (t1/2) of the P700 + re-reduction in iron-replete (+Fe) WT and iron-deficient (–Fe) WT cells and the #30, #45, and #79 mutants https://scispace.com/papers/the-high-beta-tokamak-extended-pulse-magnetohydrodynamic-2flrr34qbo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-fourier-spectrum-showing-the-resonant-and-non-28b32jeq.png Figure 4. (a) Fourier spectrum showing the resonant and non-resonant components of the applied coil spectrum for the set of 40, 10◦ wide control coils with currents set to maximize the resonant (m, n) = (3,−1) and (5,−2) components of the magnetic field. Equilibria for this computational study have a helicity opposite to the case used in Fig. 3 (b) Poloidal cross-section of a 0.15 meter HBT-EP plasma showing a Poincare surface of section exhibiting field line chaos caused by the the interaction of these two perturbations in the plasma edge region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-two-options-proposed-for-the-hbt-ep-ferritic-wall-1towwih9.png Figure 5. Two options proposed for the HBT-EP ferritic wall. The in-vessel version (b) will mount directly to the non-plasma facing low field side of the newly installed control shell. The exterior to the vacuum vessel configuration (a) would be mounted just outside of the vacuum chamber on the high field side of the machine. Placement of ferritic material is shown in brown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-new-hbt-ep-modular-instrumented-154l3is0.png Figure 1. Illustration of the new HBT-EP modular instrumented control shell now installed at Columbia University. HBT-EPs control wall has over 216 precisely located magnetic sensors, 120 modular feedback coils, for investigating MHD interactions between tokamak plasmas and surrounding structures. The adjustable conducting wall has been designed to optimize observations of the RWM and assembled to provide accurate detection of the plasmas full multiplemode MHD activity and response to resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-hbt-ep-equilibria-produced-with-a-low-1wsdyrf2.png Figure 2. Example HBT-EP equilibria produced with (a) low current (0.5 kA) and (b) high current (3.5 kA) in the zero-net-turns shaping coils in a 15 kA discharges at 0.35 T. The red circle defines the position of a circular closed flux surface defined by the HBT-EP limiter system. The shaping coils will link the TF coils and be mounted in the gap between the coil casings and the vacuum chamber. The 12 turn, counter wound coil has a total inductance of 65 µH and requires a relatively low energy 500 J capacitive storage bank to energize case (b). Dimensions in MKS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ideal-no-wall-kink-stability-of-low-li-equilibria-ueb3qwce.png Figure 3. Ideal, no-wall kink stability of low li equilibria with low (0.5 kA) and high (3.5 kA) current in the HBT-EP shaping coils. These equilibria have 15 kA of plasma current with broad current profiles characteristic of the HBT-EP fast plasma current ramps. For these equilibria, the central pressure increased and DCON was used to calculate both the unstable and most marginal n = 1 and n = 2 modes. Increasing βN , for fixed plasma current, increases the edge safety factor from 2.83 to 3.24. For circular cross-sections, the dominant mode is strongly linked to the edge safety factor as shown in (c), and this causes a strong multi-mode response to occur when ∆Wtot ≈ 0 for multiple modes and as qa exceeds three (βN > 1.2). The multi-mode response of shaped discharges increases with βN without resonant helicity effects. https://scispace.com/papers/the-high-resolution-imaging-hri-portable-array-a-seismic-and-4xip3x4huk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hri-stations-power-consumption-in-field-conditions-39jn2pwc.png Table 1: HRI stations power consumption in field conditions https://scispace.com/papers/the-high-employment-route-to-low-inequality-zan9wsh84m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-inequality-reduction-via-taxes-and-via-government-3ces8398.png Figure 2. Inequality Reduction via Taxes and via Government Transfers, 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-trends-in-posttransfer-posttax-income-inequality-14rj1zmp.png Figure 3. Trends in Posttransfer-Posttax Income Inequality, 1979 to 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-recommendations-2vy1ijdp.png Table 1. Recommendations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-employment-performance-1979-to-2007-3ym9m8un.png Figure 4. Employment Performance, 1979 to 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-trends-in-market-pretransfer-pretax-income-1dzzluep.png Figure 1. Trends in Market (Pretransfer-Pretax) Income Inequality, 1979 to 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-rise-in-american-income-inequality-1979-to-2005-3d0a8x8b.png Figure 5. The Rise in American Income Inequality, 1979 to 2005 https://scispace.com/papers/the-hiring-prospects-of-foreign-educated-immigrants-a-58cuh8qbks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-of-vignette-dimensions-on-the-likelihood-9vazdsjd.png Table 3. Effects of vignette dimensions on the likelihood that foreign-educated applicants are invited to a job interview; Random-Intercept Model, Regression Coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-employers-trade-offs-random-intercept-models-330bjcvc.png Table 4. Employers’ trade-offs; Random-Intercept Models, Predictive Margins. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dimensions-and-levels-of-our-vignettes-1ng202b8.png Table 1. Dimensions and levels of our vignettes. https://scispace.com/papers/the-hirsch-index-and-related-impact-measures-3033hfv4yu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-citation-data-and-h-index-of-e-garfield-and-f-narin-hfdvtnto.png Table 2. Citation data and h-index of E. Garfield and F. Narin in 2006 TC = total # of citations to the paper on rank r https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ferrers-graph-of-5331-4-papers-with-respectively-5-3-3-2deomaji.png Fig. 1. Ferrers graph of (5,3,3,1): 4 papers with respectively 5, 3, 3 and 1 citation(s) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-geometric-illustration-of-the-determination-of-the-h-2o982fmp.png Fig. 2. Geometric illustration of the determination of the h-index https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-citation-data-of-l-egghe-october-22-nd-2008-web-of-2o7jieno.png Table 1. Citation data of L. Egghe (October 22 nd 2008, Web of Science) https://scispace.com/papers/the-hirsch-spectrum-a-novel-tool-for-analyzing-scientific-4fdv13uh2b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-the-10-journals-selected-among-the-quality-3v0cg9sj.png Table 1 List of the 10 journals selected among the Quality Engineering/Quality Management area. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-h-spectra-authors-relative-frequency-vs-h-index-for-10-150glqu2.png Fig. 1. h-Spectra (authors’ relative frequency VS h-index) for 10 Quality Engineering/Quality Management journals, in the year 2008. Journal acronyms are indicated in Table 1. For each journal, the authors’ h-index average value (h̄), the corresponding standard deviation (s) and the number of authors (N) are reported. Date of the analysis: May 2009. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-synthetic-results-of-the-analysis-of-10-quality-2mzzpgss.png Fig. 2. Synthetic results of the analysis of 10 Quality Engineering/Quality Management journals, in the year 2008. The table reports the authors’ h-index average value (h̄), the corresponding standard deviation (s) and the number of authors (N) related to each journal. In the graph, journals are sorted in descending order with respect to h̄. Date of the analysis: May 2009. https://scispace.com/papers/the-histologic-spectrum-of-apocrine-lesions-of-the-breast-i5qcq7wkbd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-figure-4-apocrine-carcinoma-infiltrating-type-327lr3ot.png Figure 4. Figure 4. Apocrine carcinoma-infiltrating type, PASx250 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fine-needle-smear-prominent-nuclear-pleomorphism-1o3ottmc.png Figure 5. Fine needle smear - prominent nuclear pleomorphism. Papaniocolau's stain x 400 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-atypical-apocrine-adenosis-enlarged-cells-with-1le2ggli.png Figure 3. Atypical apocrine adenosis enlarged cells with nuclear atypia, HEx300 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-apocrine-cyst-lined-with-apocrine-epithelium-hex250-34s7chlp.png Figure 1. Apocrine cyst lined with apocrine epithelium HEx250 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-epithelial-overgrowth-and-papillary-predictions-in-2h1ifnrw.png Figure 2. Epithelial overgrowth and papillary predictions in cysts, PASx300 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-androgen-receptor-ncl-ar-2f-dilution-1-50-w83wyb40.png Figure 6. Androgen receptor (NCL-AR-2F, dilution 1:50 Novocastra): high degree of nuclear activity, ABCx300 https://scispace.com/papers/the-hiv-1-maturation-inhibitor-ep39-interferes-with-the-2t8znrwgtn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-variations-of-chemical-shift-perturbations-csp-of-flf0k6tw.png Figure 4. Variations of chemical shift perturbations (CSP) of ten residues (CAV221, CA-L231, SP1-A232, SP1-E233, SP1-M235, SP1-S236, SP1-Q237, SP1-V238, SP1-T239, NC-T257) isolated in spectrum as a function of EP39 whose concentration increase from one to six equivalents of protein. Kds were computed as described in Materials and Methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-nmr-structure-of-cactdw184a-m185a-sp1-nc-in-the-ue8qbcam.png Figure 5. NMR structure of CACTDW184A, M185A-SP1-NC in the presence of EP39. The secondary structure of the protein is indicated at the bottom. H: helix; ZF: zinc finger. Residues are colored as in Fig 1C. (A) the structure which is closest to the average structure is represented. From N-terminal to C-terminal, this structure contains six helices: H1 (residue CA161-172), H2 (residue CA179-192), H3 (residue CA196-208), H4 (residue CA212-218), H5 (residue CA227-SP1239), H6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dynamic-characterization-of-cactdw184a-m185a-sp1-nc-3qs2owou.png Figure 6. Dynamic characterization of CACTDW184A, M185A-SP1-NC in the absence and presence of EP39. Experimental NMR 15N relaxation data T1/T2 (A) and HetNOE (B) values were obtained at 600 MHz for protein in the absence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-solution-nmr-of-ep39-binding-to-cactdw184a-m185a-2jc13hfe.png Figure 3. Solution NMR of EP39 binding to CACTDW184A, M185A-SP1-NC. (A) Superposition of 1H-15N SOFAST-HMQC spectra recorded on 15N labeled CACTDW184A, M185ASP1-NC in the absence (red) and in the presence of 6 equivalents of EP39 (blue) at 303K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representations-of-bvm-a-ep39-b-and-the-2s4qzhg9.png Figure 1. Schematic representations of BVM (A), EP39 (B) and the Gag polyprotein (C). EP39 retains the C3 function of BVM which is essential for the maturation inhibitory effect https://scispace.com/papers/the-history-of-teamwork-s-societal-diffusion-a-multi-method-47r3fy2el1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-results-of-culturomics-analysis-for-teamwork-note-3vj7jxvf.png Figure 1. Results of culturomics analysis for teamwork. Note. Relative frequencies in percent. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-trends-in-topics-published-in-sgr-based-on-article-1ihoc5k4.png Table 1. Trends in Topics Published in SGR (Based on Article Title Mentions). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-typical-assembly-line-in-the-1920s-1ssquqba.png Figure 3. A typical assembly line in the 1920s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-of-article-count-analysis-for-teamwork-in-rzviyca4.png Figure 5. Results of article count analysis for teamwork in academic journals (number of articles published). Note. Solid line represents article counts in academic journals; dashed line represents the societal diffusion trend line for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-world-war-i-poster-from-the-u-s-emergency-fleet-2m8n5rlr.png Figure 2. World War I poster from the U.S. Emergency Fleet Corporation (1917). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-discipline-specific-count-analysis-for-teamwork-in-3vk5g42g.png Figure 6. Discipline-specific count analysis for teamwork in academic journals (number of articles published). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-early-team-based-configuration-of-car-assembly-in-wbpt2syr.png Figure 4. Early team-based configuration of car assembly in Volvo’s Kalmar Plant 1973-1994. Note. Courtesy of Volvo Car Corporation. https://scispace.com/papers/the-history-of-the-cross-section-of-stock-returns-38cebwpccl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-firms-in-crsp-compustat-and-moodys-2lyep1et.png Figure 1: Number of firms in CRSP, Compustat, and Moody’s Industrial and Railroad Manuals, 1925–2014. This figure shows the number of firms in the Center for Research in Securities Prices (CRSP) database; the number of these firms in Standard and Poor’s Compustat database; and the number of these firms in either Compustat or Moody’s Industrial and Railroad manuals between 1925 and 2014. The vertical lines indicate the dates on which the AMEX (1962) and Nasdaq (1972) stocks are added to CRSP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-annualized-sharpe-ratios-for-the-market-portfolio-fywqs534.png Figure 4: Annualized Sharpe ratios for the market portfolio and an ex-post meanvariance efficient strategy for ten-year rolling windows, 1926–2015. This figure reports Sharpe ratios for the market portfolio (thin line) and an ex-post mean-variance efficient strategy (thick line). Each point reports the annualized Sharpe ratio for a ten-year window up to the date indicated by the x-axis. The first point corresponds to June 1936, and it represents the Sharpe ratio from July 1926 through June 1936. The mean-variance efficient strategy is computed from the returns on the market, size, value, profitability, and investment factors from July 1963 through December 2015. This strategy is in-sample for the post-1963 period and out-of-sample for the pre-1963 period. The dashed segment in the thick line from July 1963 through May 1973 corresponds to a period during which the optimal strategy is partly in-sample and partly out-of-sample due to the use of ten-year rolling windows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-monthly-percent-returns-on-size-value-profitability-22sob65s.png Figure 3: Monthly percent returns on size, value, profitability, and investment factors, 1926–2015. This figure reports rolling averages of monthly percent returns for the size (Panel A), value (Panel B), profitability (Panel C), and investment (Panel D) factors from July 1926 through December 2015. Each point represents the average return for a ten-year window up to the date indicated by the x-axis. The first point corresponds to June 1936, and it represents the average return from July 1926 through June 1936. The dotted lines denote the 95% confidence intervals. Panels C and D show average returns for the standard factors (RMW and CMA) and for the factor components that are orthogonal to the market, size, and value factors (RMWO and CMAO). A factor’s orthogonal component in month t is equal to its alpha from the three-factor model regression plus the month-t residual. The confidence intervals in Panels C and D are for the orthogonal components. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cross-sections-of-operating-profitability-and-asset-3vji4gd5.png Figure 2: Cross sections of operating profitability and asset growth, 1926–2015. This figure displays the decile breakpoints for operating profitability (Panel A) and asset growth (Panel B) between 1926 and 2015. The thick red line corresponds to the distribution’s median. We compute the distributions at the end of June each year and use accounting data from the fiscal year that ended at least six months before. Operating profitability is the revenue minus cost of goods sold minus interest expense, all scaled by the book value of equity. Asset growth is the year-to-year percentage growth in the book value of total assets. The operating profitability and asset growth variables are those used to construct the profitability and investment factors in Panels B and C of Table 3. https://scispace.com/papers/the-hiv-1-vpu-transmembrane-domain-topology-and-formation-of-3wy7arz9c9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sequences-from-topbd-showing-70-similarity-with-the-jc4nztlt.png Table 1. Sequences from TOPBD showing >70% similarity with the Vpu-M transmembrane domain (TMD) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sequences-of-the-tmds-of-vpu-from-different-hiv-1-1p1mnml6.png Table 2. Sequences of the TMDs of Vpu from different HIV-1 groups and the topological homologs used in this study https://scispace.com/papers/the-housing-market-and-housing-policies-in-japan-4cag00nxlk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-value-of-residential-investments-11f2axnq.png Figure 12: Value of Residential Investments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-value-of-land-per-national-net-worth-1tg6cvgd.png Figure 2: Value of Land per National Net Worth https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-homeownership-rate-in-japan-2gmpne8w.png Figure 1: Homeownership Rate in Japan https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-real-land-price-and-the-inverse-dependency-ratio-3j2r7psx.png Figure 10: Real Land Price and the Inverse Dependency Ratio https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-housing-starts-and-the-inverse-dependency-ratio-2pgril27.png Figure 9: Housing Starts and the Inverse Dependency Ratio https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-differences-between-the-ghlc-and-the-jhf-xqe6wsej.png Figure 26: Differences between the GHLC and the JHF https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-change-of-balance-for-households-in-japan-1994-hul2yeq5.png Figure 14: Change of Balance for Households in Japan, 1994–2014 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-mdo-gdp-and-housing-prices-in-japan-and-the-united-3npjin92.png Figure 15: MDO/GDP and Housing Prices in Japan and the United States https://scispace.com/papers/the-holocene-vegetation-cover-of-britain-and-ireland-3iuexj2n7w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sites-included-within-reveals-analysis-site-number-2pc6kbjh.png Table 1 Sites included within REVEALS analysis. Site number refers to numbers of Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-estimated-holocene-regional-vegetation-cover-types-for-2xf4abu0.png Fig. 5. Estimated Holocene regional vegetation cover types for Ireland derived from the REVEALS model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-details-of-pollen-taxa-used-within-the-reveals-and-39pqonb6.png Table 2 Details of pollen taxa used within the REVEALS and LRA analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-estimated-holocene-regional-vegetation-cover-types-for-239n7yib.png Fig. 4. Estimated Holocene regional vegetation cover types for England derived from the REVEALS model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-pca-axes-1-eigenvalue-0-40-and-2-eigenvalue-0-26-3e8kym1j.png Fig. 8. PCA axes 1 (eigenvalue 0.40) and 2 (eigenvalue 0.26) scores for REVEALS results (proportional vegetation abundance) to show inter- and intra-regional differences in regional vegetation. Numbers refer to the duration of each record (mid-point of the oldest and youngest time window BP). Grey dots represent position of all samples in the analysis. A: eastern mainland Scotland; B: western mainland Scotland; C: southwestern Scottish islands; D: northwestern Scottish islands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-species-scores-from-pca-of-reveals-results-pca-axis-1-fvmr402i.png Fig. 7. Species scores from PCA of REVEALS results (PCA axis 1 eigenvalue 0.40; PCA axis 2 eigenvalue 0.26). For simplicity only the key taxa are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-love-model-results-local-vegetation-2p2ymyu1.png Fig. 2. Comparison of LOVE model results (local vegetation abundances) based on two different REVEALS estimates: regional vegetation abundance from a large lake (x-axes) and regional vegetation abundance from grouped small sites (y-axes). Axis lengths are different between plots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-of-datasets-within-the-british-isles-13fr8lab.png Fig. 1. Distribution of datasets within the British Isles fromwhich pollen count data was obtained. Datasets indicated as open circles were not deemed suitable in the analysis. Grey shading indicates the current and recent extent of peat (Connolly, no date; JNCC, 2011). Peaty soils are excluded from this map. https://scispace.com/papers/the-housing-market-in-colombia-socioeconomic-and-financial-3m33zimm51 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-characteristics-of-mortgage-systems-2000-2002-27utnlgd.png Table 2. Main Characteristics of Mortgage Systems, 2000-2002 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-housing-demand-and-supply-functions-for-colombia-mihcme8h.png Table 7. Housing Demand and Supply Functions for Colombia https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-housing-financial-returns-in-bogota-1990-2003-7fqq5w2k.png Table 6. Housing-Financial Returns in Bogotá, 1990-2003 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-property-rates-and-mortgage-market-conditions-yadf6ybb.png Table 4. Property Rates and Mortgage Market Conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fixed-versus-flexible-interest-rates-ox0v68kh.png Table 3. Fixed versus Flexible Interest Rates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relative-price-of-new-housing-in-bogota-average-39ajtyow.png Figure 2. Relative Price of New Housing in Bogota [Average Value 1984-2003 (NHI / CPI) = 100 ] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mortgage-credit-as-a-percentage-of-gdp-in-colombia-3krrwpww.png Figure 1. Mortgage Credit as a Percentage of GDP in Colombia, 1976 - 2003 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-housing-prices-in-selected-countries-and-cities-u241q54g.png Table 1. Housing Prices in Selected Countries and Cities, https://scispace.com/papers/the-hot-hand-exists-in-volleyball-and-is-used-for-allocation-1xr3p4bilq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-number-of-allocations-of-the-ball-to-player-a-ctwnmr95.png Figure 3. Mean number of allocations of the ball to player A and to player B when a hot hand and the higher base rate were present in the same player (right) or not (left). Error bars represent standard errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-number-of-allocations-of-the-ball-to-player-a-12rshft6.png Figure 1. Mean number of allocations of the ball to player A and player B when base rates were equal but a hot hand existed for player A (left) or player B (right). Error bars represent standard errors. https://scispace.com/papers/the-human-amyloid-precursor-protein-binds-copper-ions-3ttxnji7os 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-variation-of-conditional-pkd-log-kd-with-solution-3p5zw5kt.png Figure 6. (a) Variation of conditional pKD (= −log KD) with solution pH for APP-E2 (black filled and empty circles), sAPPα (red crosses) and HSA (blue squares) over the pH range 5.6 – 9.2. The solid trace corresponds to curve-fitting of the experimental data of E2 at pH < 7.4 to a tetra-His site model shown in (b), generating log KD = –11.2 at pH > 7 and an average pKa = 6.4 for the four His ligands (see ESI 11). The experimental data for E2 at pH > 7.4 (open circles) deviated from the model and were excluded from the curve fitting. The dotted trace corresponds to simple interpolation of the pH-dependent data for HSA which features an ATCUN binding site shown in (c) for its N-terminal Asp-Ala-His sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-frozen-solution-epr-spectra-recorded-at-77-k-1lfmb0y2.png Figure 7. Frozen solution EPR spectra recorded at 77 K probing the coordination environment of Cu(II) ions (120 µM) in mixtures of E2 and HSA (150 µM each) at selected pH = 6.2, 6.7 and 7.4. Control spectra for CuII-E2 and CuIIHSA are shown for comparison. Solutions were prepared in 50 mM buffer (Mes pH 6.2-6.7; Mops pH 7.4) with 500 mM NaCl and 10 % glycerol. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-overall-structure-rdv84dlz.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of the overall structure and subdomains of APP695 (molar mass of the primary sequence: 67.7 kDa) showing cleavage sites for amyloidogenic (β and γ) and non-amyloidogenic (α and γ) processing pathways. Known post-translational modifications (PTMs) are indicated (disulfide bonds, phosphorylation and glycosylation sites), as are known heparin and Cu binding sites (see inset for key). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-native-esi-ms-of-apo-e2-and-cuii-e2-selected-charge-owfcnijs.png Figure 8. Native ESI-MS of apo-E2 and CuII-E2. Selected charge states of apo(○) and CuII-bound (●) domain are indicated. Inset: cartoon presentations of X-ray crystal structures for apo-E2 (PDB: 3NYL) and CuII-E2 (PDB: 3UMK). Side-chains of the four Cu(II)-coordinating His residues (H313,382,432,436) from helices B, C and D are shown in sticks and the bound Cu(II) ion as a blue sphere. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experimental-and-calculated-ccss-for-apo-and-cuii-e2-1pwx4r3u.png Table 3. Experimental and calculated CCSs for apo- and CuII-E2 (Å2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-redox-activity-of-the-cu-e2-complex-a-scheme-for-q66btpoj.png Figure 9. Redox activity of the Cu-E2 complex. (a) Scheme for aerobic catalytic oxidation of Asc. (b) Reduction of the complex (200 μM) by Asc (2.0 mM) at pH 7.4 under anaerobic conditions, monitored by EPR spectroscopy. (c) Observed change in Asc concentration over time (monitored by absorbance at 265 nm) in solutions of apo-E2 (20 µM) in Mops buffer (50 mM, pH 7.4, 100 mM NaCl) containing 0-10 µM Cu (added as CuSO4). (d) Asc oxidation rate from (c) plotted as a function of the Cu-E2 complex concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structures-of-app-subdomains-with-bound-cu-ii-ions-1edocatl.png Figure 2. Structures of APP subdomains with bound Cu(II) ions: (a) D1 ligands H108 and H110 (PDB: 4JFN); (b) D2 ligands H147, H151 and possibly Y168 (PDB 2FK1); (c) E2 ligands H313, H382, H432 and H436 (PDB 3UMK). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-aerobic-oxidation-of-asc-catalysed-by-cu-e2-complex-2drfwb6e.png Table 4. Aerobic oxidation of Asc catalysed by Cu-E2 complex in solutions of varying compositions https://scispace.com/papers/the-human-bones-of-the-hemenway-collection-in-the-united-23ton90m7j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-fragment-ot-skull-showing-s-heiio-iterygoi-l-foramen-2hr0krbk.png FIG. 25. Fragment ot skull, showing s[)heiio-]iterygoi(l foramen. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-38-hyoidean-apparatus-of-man-thomas-1b9llk4c.png FIG. 38. Hyoidean apparatus of man, Thomas.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-skeleton-ofman-supposed-to-have-been-killed-by-kyn72cks.png FIG. 15. Skeleton ofman supposed to have been killed by earthquake. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-47-represents-the-anterior-aspects-of-the-distal-j70hac2i.png Fig. 47 represents the anterior aspects of the distal extremities of both humeri from the skele ton of a young subject in the Salado series. The right humerus has a single large olecranon opening. In the left humerus the partition be https://scispace.com/figures/fig-47-lower-ends-of-humeri-showing-olecranon-perforations-2wkdz2oq.png Fig. 47 represents the anterior aspects of the distal extremities of both humeri from the skele ton of a young subject in the Salado series. The right humerus has a single large olecranon opening. In the left humerus the partition be https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-seriation-of-39-vertico-longitudinal-indices-saludo-3sd86cf7.png TABLE IX. Seriation of 39 vertico-longitudinal indices. Saludo. https://scispace.com/papers/the-hubble-space-telescope-wide-field-camera-3-early-release-29u9a0124g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ratio-of-on-orbit-count-rate-to-that-obtained-in-sausoim5.png Figure 2. Ratio of on-orbit count rate to that obtained in ground-based thermal vacuum tests for various WFC3 filters in the UVIS (left panel) and IR (right panel), respectively. On-orbit rates are significantly higher than in ground tests. See the text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-continued-1hdpds11.png Figure 12. (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-stellar-images-and-b-stellar-light-profiles-in-2mxuvy4o.png Figure 7. (a) Stellar images, and (b) Stellar light profiles in the individual 10-band images. Note the progression of the PSF size with wavelength, as discussed in Section 4.3.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-differential-panchromatic-star-counts-red-1pkh26jf.png Figure 11. (a) Differential panchromatic star counts (red asterisks) and differential panchromatic galaxy number counts in the ERS images (black dots), with the optimized star–galaxy separation from Figure 10(a). All 10 ERS filters are shown in units of object numbers per 0.5 mag deg−2, but in the three bluest filters (F225W, F275W, and F336W) some of the brightest bins were doubled to 1.0 mag in width to improve statistics. The solid black line in the F850LP panel are the spectroscopic star counts from the HST PEARS ACS grism surveys of Pirzkal et al. (2009), which are in good agreement with our F850LP star counts. (b) ERS Star count slope (filled circles) versus observed wavelength in the flux ranges AB 19–25.5 mag for the three UV WFC3 filters, AB 16–26 mag for the GOODS/ACS BV iz filters, and AB 15–25 mag for the three WFC3 IR filters, respectively. The faint end of the Galactic star count slope is remarkably flat at all wavelengths from the mid-UV to the near-IR, with best-fit power-law slopes in general of order 0.03–0.20 dex mag−1. The two bluest points at 153 and 231 nm are from the GALEX star counts of Xu et al. (2005; open squares), which cover AB = 17–23 mag. The ERS counts at the shortest wavelength suffer from small number statistics and so are less reliable (see Figures 10(a) and 11(a)). For further details, see the text. (c) ERS Galaxy count slope (filled circles) vs. observed wavelength in the flux ranges AB 19–25 mag for the three UV WFC3 filters, AB 18–26 mag for the GOODS/ACS BV iz filters, and AB 17–25 mag for the three WFC3 IR filters, respectively. The two bluest points at 153 and 231 nm are from the GALEX galaxy counts of Xu et al. (2005; open squares), which cover AB = 17–23 mag. The galaxy counts show the well known trend of a steepening of the best-fit power-law slope at the bluer wavelengths, which is caused by a combination of the more significant K-correction and the shape of the galaxy redshift distribution at the selection wavelength. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-panchromatic-postage-stamps-of-objects-with-30ja4362.png Figure 14. Panchromatic postage stamps of objects with interesting morphological structure in the 10-band ERS color images of the GOODS-South field: from left to right, high signal-to-noise detections of ERS galaxies resembling the main cosmological parameters H0, Ω, ρo, w, and Λ, respectively. These images illustrate the rich and unique morphological information available in the 10-band panchromatic ERS data set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-a-d-4212-s-wfc3-g102-top-right-and-g141-bottom-2o2sn10e.png Figure 15. (a)–(d) 4212 s WFC3 G102 (top right) and G141 (bottom right) grism exposures of a single WFC3 pointing in the GOODS-South field (green box in Figure 3), together with their 1612 s finder images in F098M (top left) and G141 (bottom left), respectively. Each image is a 4-point dithered mosaic. (For best display, please zoom in on the full-resolution PDF version of this image.) All brighter object grism spectra show a zeroth-order image to their left, displaced by about twice the spectral image length, which should not be confused with real emission lines. Many faint object spectra are visible to a continuum flux of AB 25–25.5 mag, including many faint emission line galaxies. For details, see Straughn et al. (2009, 2011). (e) and (f) Examples of WFC3 G102 and G141 spectra of emission line galaxies extracted from the ERS grism images ((a)–(d)). The left panel shows an emission line galaxy at z = 0.738 and the right panel at z = 0.610. The latter also shows the available lower-resolution ACS G800L grism spectrum (green). The WFC3 G102 and G141 spectra allow for low-resolution faint object spectroscopy over the entire 0.80–1.70μm range unimpeded by the ground-based OH-forest. For further details, see Straughn et al. (2009, 2011). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-layout-of-the-goods-south-field-and-its-wfc3-ers-sdnncjgf.png Figure 3. Layout of the GOODS-South field and its WFC3 ERS visits footprint. The light-gray area indicates the part covered by GOODS v2.0 data, and the numbered gray tiles are those of the GOODS-South survey. The green tiles indicate the GOODS-South area with ACS G800L grism data from the PEARS survey. The 4 × 2 ERS UVIS mosaic is superposed in blue, and the 5 × 2 ERS IR mosaic is superposed in red. The UVIS fields are numbered from left to right, with UVIS fields 1–4 in the top row and UVIS fields 5–8 in the bottom row. The IR fields are numbered from left to right, with IR fields 1–5 in the top row and UVIS fields 6–10 in the bottom row. The dashed blue and red boxes indicate the location of the ACS parallels to the ERS WFC3 images (Finkelstein et al. 2011). The ERS IR G102 and G141 grism field is shown by the purple box (see Figures 15(a)–(d)) and overlaps with the northern most of the PEARS ACS G800L grism fields in the GOODS-South region. The black boxes show the ACS Hubble Ultra Deep Field pointings in the GOODS-South field. The ERS program was designed to image the Northern ∼30% of the GOODSSouth field in six new WFC3 filters: F225W, F275W, and F336W in the UVIS channel, and F098M, F125W, and F160W in its IR channel. Further details are given in Tables 1 and 2. The exact pointings coordinates and observing parameters for all pointings in HST ERS program 11359 can be obtained from www.stsci.edu/observing/phase2-public/11359.pro. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-panchromatic-postage-stamps-of-early-type-galaxies-1bk3ab2p.png Figure 13. Panchromatic postage stamps of early-type galaxies in the ERS with nuclear star-forming rings, bars, or other interesting nuclear structure. Each postage stamp is displayed at a slightly different color stretch that best brings out the UV nuclear structure. For further details, see Rutkowski et al. (2011). https://scispace.com/papers/the-human-endogenous-metabolome-as-a-pharmacology-baseline-2c6ybtr3ji 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-pairs-of-metabolite-and-or-substrate-and-drugs-3h7161ah.png Figure 9. Pairs of metabolite and/or substrate and drugs binding at the same protein site. Backbone superpositions of (a) the adenosine 2A receptor cocrystallised with its endogenous ligand, adenosine [Protein Data Bank (PDB) 2ydo, in white), and two drug antagonists, theophylline (PDB 5mzj, in yellow) and caffeine (PDB 3rfm, in orange), and (b) the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase enzyme cocrystallised with its endogenous substrate, HMG-CoA (PDB 1dqn, in white), and two drug inhibitors, atorvastatin (PDB 1hwk, in yellow) and fluvastatin (PDB 1hwi, in orange). https://scispace.com/papers/the-human-experience-with-intravenous-levodopa-160by6rpie 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-populations-and-response-parameters-1d7higmq.png TABLE 1 | Patient populations and response parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pharmacokinetics-of-levodopa-268kkhr5.png TABLE 2 | Pharmacokinetics of levodopa. https://scispace.com/papers/the-human-side-of-social-technology-for-climate-change-30p3omu7hb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-characteristics-of-the-selected-st-34qbq1yu.png Table 1 Main characteristics of the selected ST https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-human-factors-and-human-development-indicators-in-3re8zr7e.png Table 3 Human factors and human development indicators in the 'efficient stoves' project https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3iaj48d2.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-hybrid-open-access-citation-advantage-how-many-more-4eocoz0c77 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-18zfh1m7.png Table 2: Summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pqml-regression-results-2zjdjxje.png Table 3: PQML regression results https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-negative-binomial-regression-results-4yid2laa.png Table 5: Negative binomial regression results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-hoa-journals-and-articles-15gxrseo.png Table 1: Summary of HOA journals and articles https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-negative-binomial-regression-marginal-e-ects-615h1hjj.png Table 6: Negative binomial regression marginal e¤ects https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pqml-regression-marginal-e-ects-213jdhpp.png Table 4: PQML regression marginal e¤ects https://scispace.com/papers/the-hydraulic-geometry-of-narrow-and-deep-channels-evidence-3fnjirvb6q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-study-area-and-b-location-of-cross-sections-3v46e11x.png Fig. 1. (a) Study area, and (b) location of cross sections. (Barrington River (B), Edwards Creek (E) and Polblue Creek (P). Note the scale difference between the two aerial photographs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-continued-3sxf5uf4.png Fig. 2 (continued). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-the-relationship-between-the-thickness-of-peat-at-1gkqnz7m.png Fig. 5. (a) The relationship between the thickness of peat at each station and the maximum depth of channel, and (b) the relationship between the thickness of peat at each station and the bankfull w/d ratio. Open circles indicate stations with bedforms; these are not included in the regression analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-bankfull-w-d-and-v-w-black-dots-d-open-dots-v-grey-3dex0x6u.png Fig. 7. Bankfull w, d and v (w=black dots; d=open dots; v=grey dots) plotted against the thickness of peat. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ternary-plot-of-at-a-station-hydraulic-geometry-2s9unwwr.png Fig. 3. Ternary plot of at-a-station hydraulic geometry exponents from the Barrington Tops swamp channel stations, in comparison with planform, environment, and climate zone regions of the plot. P — Polblue Creek, B — Barrington River, E — Edwards Creek. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bankfull-hydraulic-geometry-values-for-all-stations-n9lup4o5.png Table 2 Bankfull hydraulic geometry values for all stations combined, then separately for Polblue Creek only and Edwards and Barrington combined. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-bankfull-hydraulic-geometry-relationships-for-a-all-x414k0ps.png Fig. 6. Bankfull hydraulic geometry relationships for (a) all stations combined and (b) Edwards Swamp (including Barrington River) and Polblue Creek, plotted separately. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ternary-plot-of-at-a-station-hydraulic-geometry-1tm86k6w.png Fig. 4. Ternary plot of at-a-station hydraulic geometry exponents from the Barrington Tops swamp channel stations. The dashed line indicates stations (below it) at which b is less than one-third of f. Modified from Rhodes (1977). https://scispace.com/papers/the-hydrophobic-region-of-the-leishmania-peroxin-14-4hlh3funil 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-fatty-acid-composition-of-the-757-l-donovani-7zy3moa2.png Table II Fatty acid composition of the 757 L. donovani glycosomal membrane 758 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-phospholipid-composition-glycosomal-peroxisomal-3a8jh150.png Table I. Phospholipid composition glycosomal/peroxisomal membranes 748 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-1016-1017-1018-3gmtd4x6.png Figure 10: 1016 1017 1018 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-872-873-3q8im30s.png Figure 2 872 873 https://scispace.com/papers/the-hypogeum-necropolises-of-la-grifaine-and-les-ronds-527kyotak8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-position-des-necropoles-sur-la-vue-en-trois-dimensions-15bykaiz.png Fig. 2 – Position des nécropoles sur la vue en trois dimensions de la butte de Saran et localisation des hypogées à l’intérieur de la nécropole de La Grifaine. DAO L. Granjeon et L. Pillot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plan-general-du-site-sur-fond-topographique-il-existe-2i9zkh2m.png Fig. 3 – Plan général du site sur fond topographique. Il existe au moins trois rangées d’hypogées. Relevés P. Huard, DAO A. Dumontet. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-chouilly-la-grifaine-armatures-de-fleche-en-silex-a-1he0uqnz.png Fig. 7 – Chouilly La Grifaine. Armatures de flèche en silex à tranchant transversal. Les mélanges effectués dans l’ancienne présentation muséographique ne permettent plus de les attribuer à chaque hypogée. Photo R. Martineau. https://scispace.com/papers/the-ideological-construction-of-legitimacy-for-pluricentric-pz5h8pwrfv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-regions-of-study-adapted-from-wikimedia-commons-2edvqz46.png Figure 1: Regions of study (adapted from Wikimedia Commons user Giro270) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-details-of-participants-selected-for-1bkrg170.png Table 1: Demographic details of participants selected for examination https://scispace.com/papers/the-ideal-timing-for-nail-dynamization-in-femoral-shaft-3dtqlgmqh1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pearson-correlation-test-1ljui6fb.png Table 3 Pearson correlation test https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-general-data-of-the-study-2ow8j8iz.png Table 1 General data of the study https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-linear-regression-analysis-3nub4g1k.png Table 4 Linear regression analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tukey-kramer-test-for-all-pairwise-comparisons-13ougum9.png Table 2 Tukey-Kramer test for all pairwise comparisons https://scispace.com/papers/the-i-2p1-2-i-2p1-2-contact-pair-emission-in-condensed-media-507oerzd16 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plot-of-the-emission-peak-wavelength-vs-mole-fnu5g25a.png Figure 3. Plot of the emission peak wavelength vs mole fraction of Xe. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simulated-spectra-of-i2-in-a-50-50-kr-xe-matrix-for-2ah5x6zl.png Figure 4. Simulated spectra of I2 in a 50/50 Kr/Xe matrix for different numbers of nearest neighbors (N) in eq 2. N ) 18 corresponds to isolation in a divacancy,N ) 12 corresponds to isolation in a single substitutional site, andN ) 1 corresponds to complete phase segregation between Kr and Xe. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spectral-parameters-for-the-i-i-0-g-f-i-i-b-0u-3bk9oqhh.png TABLE 1: Spectral Parameters for the I*I*(0 g+) f I*I(B(0u+)) Emission in Pure Kr, Xe, and Mixed Kr/Xe Matrixes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plot-of-the-i-i-0g-f-i-i-b-0-u-emission-spectra-for-1815of5u.png Figure 2. Plot of the I*I*(0g+) f I*I(B(0 u+)) emission spectra for I2 in krypton, xenon, and in Kr/Xe solutions: Experiment (solid curve) and theory according to eq 2 of text (open circles). The spectral shift of these emissions varies linearly with the mixing fraction, while the widths remain constant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-between-experimental-open-circles-and-1jlsf7y7.png Figure 5. Comparison between experimental (open circles) and simulated emission spectra (solid lines) for I2 in Ar, Kr, and Xe. The Monte Carlo simulation is for the constantN, V, T ensemble. The only adjusted parameters in this simulation are the two coefficients that define the exponentially repulsive I*-I* potential. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-solvent-parameters-used-in-generating-figure-6a-29x1g01z.png TABLE 2: Solvent Parameters Used in Generating Figure 6a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-plot-of-the-i-i-0g-f-i-i-b-0-u-emission-peak-versus-m5tl9yml.png Figure 6. Plot of the I*I*(0g+) f I*I(B(0 u+) emission peak versus internuclear distance,R**. The open circles are simulations of mixed Kr/Xe solids of various composition, at thermal equilibrium (T ) K); the closed circles are obtained by artificially freezing the I*-I* distance and allowing the lattice to equilibrate; the dashed line is the onedimensional difference potential between I*I* and I2(B); the solid line is the recommended calibration curve given by eq 10a of the text. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-12-months-treatment-with-ivacaftor-on-scottish-2kd8sx6e70 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pre-and-post-treatment-data-compared-to-published-3tsu6o1f.png Table 1: Pre- and post- treatment data compared to published data https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-a-high-versus-a-low-glycaemic-index-breakfast-5x2tvr5vk9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-nutritional-composition-of-the-two-breakfast-6udv4g74.png Table II The nutritional composition of the two breakfast cereal meal treatments. Values for protein, fat and carbohydrates are in grams. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-the-study-procedure-the-time-in-minutes-of-each-3kbp8opt.png Table III The study procedure (the time in minutes of each procedure prior/subsequent to treatment delivery is displayed in the left column). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-cvlt-results-for-the-high-g-i-breakfast-cereal-and-3svz4lit.png Table IV CVLT results for the High G.I. breakfast cereal and Low G.I. breakfast cereal treatment groups. There were no significant differences between the two groups on any of the modified CVLT recall phases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-means-and-standard-deviations-of-age-in-years-bmi-1mnv31n1.png Table I Means and standard deviations of age (in years), BMI, and the average number of days per week on which participants reported skipping a breakfast meal for the Low G.I. and High G.I. breakfast cereal meal treatment groups. There were no significant differences between the two groups on any of these variables. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-a-managed-transition-of-care-upon-psychosocial-5336kzb8sj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-previously-described-model-of-clinic-satisfaction-2ehkz496.png Figure 1: Previously described model of clinic satisfaction [18]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-questionnaire-summary-by-clinic-environment-sb4dgvzn.png Table 2 Questionnaire summary by clinic environment https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-demographic-and-medical-details-by-9bglr359.png Table 1 Participant demographic and medical details by clinic environment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-priori-left-and-final-right-model-of-optimum-2y3l4ryk.png Figure 3: A priori (left) and final (right) model of optimum longitudinal risk-based care https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-priori-left-and-final-right-model-of-patient-2odvgh49.png Figure 2: A priori (left) and final (right) model of patient satisfaction https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-academies-on-school-connectedness-future-ha3we1evy8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-indirect-effect-of-academy-on-adolescents-mental-34mcl3eq.png Table 4 Indirect effect of Academy on adolescents’ mental health, self-esteem and aspirations through school connectedness https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-academys-association-with-school-connectedness-2km50u1u.png Table 2 Academy’s association with School connectedness, adolescents’ mental health, self-esteem and aspirations https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-school-connectedness-on-adolescents-mental-1uh82kzx.png Table 3 Effect of school connectedness on adolescents’ mental health, self-esteem and aspirations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-completed-dataset-with-all-available-tdazg7zu.png Table 1 Comparison of completed dataset with all available data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-potential-mediating-effect-of-school-connectedness-196470p8.png Figure 1. Potential mediating effect of school connectedness on aspirations, mental health and self-esteem. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-affective-temperaments-on-clinical-and-4ujdpcalem 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-factorial-analysis-pca-extraction-varimax-solution-3rcv1dsp.png Table 1 - Factorial analysis (PCA extraction, Varimax solution) of briefTEMPS-M in 194 BD I patients experiencing a manic episode. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-factorial-analysis-pca-extraction-varimax-solution-4o6utm1h.png Table 3 - Factorial analysis (PCA extraction, Varimax solution) of briefTEMPS-M Depressive, Cyclothymic, Hyperthymic, Irritable and Anxious sub-scale scores in 194 BD I patients experiencing a manic episode. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-among-temperamental-brieftemps-m-1rc8sv4g.png Table 2 - Correlations among temperamental (briefTEMPS-M Depressive, Cyclothymic, Hyperthymic, Irritable and Anxious sub-scale scores) subtypes and CTQ total score in 194 BD patients experiencing a manic episode. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-madrs-ymrs-fast-and-ctq-scores-between-1auo7wea.png Table 5 - Comparison of MADRS, YMRS, FAST and CTQ scores between dominant cyclothymic-depressive-anxious and hyperthymic temperamental subtypes in 194 BD I patients experiencing a manic episode. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-demographic-clinical-and-familial-3d863tai.png Table 4 - Comparison of demographic, clinical and familial variables between dominant cyclothymic-depressive-anxious and hyperthymic temperamental subtypes in 194 BD I patients experiencing a manic episode. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-agricultural-extension-services-in-the-context-1p476bim81 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-continued-3q0hbie4.png Table 5.1 Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-results-of-estimation-of-the-impact-of-access-to-3lew6lfw.png Table 6.1 Results of estimation of the impact of access to agricultural advice and input subsidy on farm productivity https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-descriptive-statistics-of-variables-used-in-the-1niukw7h.png Table 3.1 Descriptive statistics of variables used in the estimation, pooled 2010 and 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-results-of-the-probit-and-tobit-models-explaining-3mssj7n8.png Table 4.2 Results of the probit and Tobit models explaining access to agricultural advice https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-2-continued-2f6go90z.png Table 6.2 Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-2-results-of-estimation-of-impact-of-access-to-20u24gaz.png Table 6.2 Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-continued-2uolcpjs.png Table 4.2 Results of the probit and Tobit models explaining access to agricultural advice https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-continued-3jmcnrj8.png Table 6.1 Results of estimation of the impact of access to agricultural advice and input subsidy on farm productivity https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-aging-on-laboratory-fire-behaviour-in-1n66pez98i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fire-behaviour-metrics-during-laboratory-1o5jw0bu.png Table 1. Fire behaviour metrics during laboratory experimental burning of 25, 50 and 75 Mg ha21 of masticated fuelbeds collected from sites with varying fuelbed ages (2, 4, 10 and 16 years) Values shown are adjusted means for each level of the main effects (fuel age and fuel load) from general linear modelling (GLM) analysis of variance. Different superscript letters within fuel age or fuel load, for each burn metric separately, indicate significant differences based on Tukey–Kramer post-hoc multiple comparison tests. No interactions between main factors (fuel age, fuel load) were significant for any burning metric https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effects-of-fuelbed-age-on-fireline-intensity-kw-m-1-27ce1o67.png Fig. 3. Effects of fuelbed age on fireline intensity (kW m -1) during burning of masticated debris collected from sites ranging in fuel age from 2 to 16 years. Burning experiments were conducted using three different fuel loads: 25 (a); 50 (b); and 75 (c)Mg ha -1. Data presented are LOESS curves (using 40% of data at each LOESS regression calculation) across replicated burns (n ¼ 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-laboratory-burning-of-masticated-shrub-fuelbeds-3ry9j1a3.png Fig. 1. Laboratory burning of masticated shrub fuelbeds. Fuelbeds were ignited along one edge utilising a flat paraffin-soaked wick (visible along the right edge of fuelbed) and flame heights ocularly estimated during burning (rule gradations are in cm). Mass loss was recorded via a bench scale interfaced with a computer. Insert: smouldering and glowing combustion followed flaming. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-alan-turing-formal-methods-and-beyond-82fh6y788o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-posters-displayed-during-the-setss-2018-spring-school-q6a9x19e.png Fig. 7. Posters displayed during the SETSS 2018 Spring School at Southwest University, Chongqing, including a young Turing, publicizing the ACM TURC 2018 Turing Celebration Conference in Shanghai, China, 19–20 May 2018 [3]. (Photograph by Jonathan Bowen.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-some-key-20th-century-publications-on-program-proving-3kyxkuv8.png Fig. 1. Some key 20th-century publications on program proving. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-mathematician-and-turing-biographer-andrew-hodges-1wnl83fq.png Fig. 6. The mathematician and Turing biographer, Andrew Hodges, unveiling the English Heritage blue plaque at Turing’s birthplace, now the Colonnade Hotel, London, on 23 June 1998, exactly 86 years after Turing’s birth. (Photograph by Jonathan Bowen.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-an-exhibit-on-alan-turing-and-claude-shannon-in-the-xszl896e.png Fig. 4. An exhibit on Alan Turing and Claude Shannon, in the Information Age gallery [21] at the Science Museum, London. (Photograph by Jonathan Bowen.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-graph-of-mentions-of-alan-turing-in-books-1960-2005-r2wj1hbt.png Fig. 3. Graph of mentions of ‘Alan Turing’ in books (1960–2005). (Ngram Viewer, Google Books: http://books.google.com/ngrams.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-academic-supervisor-tree-for-alan-turing-118-f5no3rqb.png Fig. 2. Academic supervisor tree for Alan Turing [118]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-slate-sculpture-of-alan-turing-with-an-enigma-machine-7yo6ggr4.png Fig. 5. Slate sculpture of Alan Turing with an Enigma machine at Bletchley Park, by Stephen Kettle [29,108]. (Photograph by Jonathan Bowen.) https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-anonymous-marking-on-students-perceptions-of-2tbb2chejb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-sd-ratings-of-the-three-dimensions-of-3hxd3k6w.png Table 2. Mean (SD) ratings of the three dimensions of anonymised and non-anonymised feedback. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-student-performance-m-sd-on-anonymously-and-non-29ofc3kc.png Table 1. Student performance (M, SD) on anonymously and non-anonymously marked coursework, by gender and ethnicity. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-amplification-on-differential-expression-kdc5zjhmut 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-relation-between-se-and-pe-duplicates-the-1wh4nuhn.png Figure 3. The relation between SE- and PE-duplicates. The relation between SE- and PE-duplicates is expected to follow a quadratic function, if the majority of duplicates are natural, i.e. due to fragmentation and sampling. Here, we show a quadratic fit for the different datasets (UHRR-TruSeq–purple, HBRR-TruSeq–red, UHRR-Smart-Seq–blue, scHCT116–green). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-fraction-of-se-duplicates-increases-with-the-1wqcxs8t.png Figure 2. The Fraction of SE-duplicates increases with the total number of reads. In panel (a), we plot the fraction of computationally identified SE-duplicates (blue) and PE-duplicates (yellow) per sample. For the UMI-seq data, we identify duplicates only based on the experimental evidence provided by the UMIs. The black line marks the median for each dataset. If the correlation between sequencing depth and duplicates is due to sampling and fragmentation, we can quantify this impact. In (b), we plot the observed SE-duplicate fractions (red) and expected fractions (sampling–green, sampling + fragmentation–blue). (c) The left panel shows the two Smart-Seq datasets (UHRR- blue, scHCT116- green) and the right panel the TruSeq data (HBRR- red, UHRR- purple). Filled circles represent the observed fraction of SE-duplicates. Open symbols represent simulated data: Open diamonds mark the expected fractions of SE-duplicates under a simple sampling model and open circles are the expectations for a sampling model with fragmentation bias. The lines are the log-linear fits between sampling depth and SE-duplicates per dataset. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-believing-you-have-had-covid-19-on-behaviour-4ogz78z86p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-table-showing-associations-between-participant-1s0u1lun.png Table 1. Table showing associations between participant personal characteristics and thinking you have had COVID-19. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graph-depicting-the-percentage-of-people-who-soagu0xc.png Figure 1. Graph depicting the percentage of people who: strongly agree that they are immune to COVID-19; went out to buy groceries/pharmacy on two or more days in the last seven days; went out to buy items other than groceries/pharmacy once or more in the last seven days; met up with friends and/or family they do not live with once or more in the last seven days; reported total out-of-home activity of eight or more (more than one outing per day on average); are not worried at all about COVID-19; perceive no risk at all to themselves from COVID-19; perceive no risk at all to people in the UK from COVID-19; did not identify cough and high temperature / fever as common symptoms of COVID-19 in those who think they have and have not had COVID-19. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-table-showing-associations-between-thinking-you-have-bxeycc9e.png Table 2. Table showing associations between thinking you have had COVID-19 and perceived immunity to COVID-19; worry about COVID-19; perceived risk of COVID-19 (to oneself and people in the UK); and total out-of-home activities in the last seven days (continuous outcomes). https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-changed-structural-conditions-on-regional-3obyvxxofr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-objectives-knowledge-and-power-of-the-actors-in-the-3qh86jwg.png Figure 1: Objectives, knowledge and power of the actors in the planning processes reciprocally affect each other, the planning processes, the plans and developments (figure based on Tennøy, 2012a). https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-calcium-sulfate-and-inert-solids-accumulation-3l364csrrf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-evolution-of-the-co2-capture-efficiency-with-the-f0-201a0fjy.png Fig. 3. Evolution of the CO2 capture efficiency with the F0/FCO2 ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mass-flows-and-compositions-of-the-solids-streams-of-2pmpl97n.png Table 4. Mass flows and compositions of the solids streams of Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-scheme-of-the-cal-process-for-the-three-2yp9005b.png Fig. 1. General scheme of the CaL process for the three studied configurations. Dotted line indicates a possible location for the sorbent regenerator (REG.) in Configuration 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-evolution-of-the-co2-capture-efficiency-with-the-f0-3pqhxhv1.png Fig. 6. Evolution of the CO2 capture efficiency with the F0/FCO2 ratio for different extents of reactivation in Configuration 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-molar-flows-and-compositions-of-the-gas-streams-of-36tv5uhy.png Table 3. Molar flows and compositions of the gas streams of Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5a-mass-fraction-of-ashes-in-stream-3-fig-5b-mass-2mhl7s3h.png Fig. 5a. Mass fraction of ashes in stream (3)  Fig. 5b. Mass fraction of CaSO4 in stream (3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-from-the-mass-and-energy-balances-for-the-13105dgk.png Table 2. Results from the mass and energy balances for the configurations of Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-xave-curves-for-no-reactivation-and-reactivation-up-to-14d6u521.png Fig. 2. Xave curves for no reactivation and reactivation up to Xr=0.16, and experimental results obtained by recarbonation [35]. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-changing-work-schedules-on-american-2v2x92qste 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sleep-measurements-for-the-kelly-schedule-and-the-48-3g9gqrdi.png Table 2. Sleep measurements for the Kelly Schedule and the 48/69 Schedule. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-classification-systems-in-the-evaluation-of-5dxwz79n0o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scatter-plot-of-the-500-lr-universities-top-1-2e40en9b.png Figure 1. Scatter plot of the 500 LR universities’ Top 1% values when we use the WoS or the G8 classification systems. Chinese universities (excluding Hong Kong) are indicated in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-around-here-24yvyxmd.png Figure 1. Scatter plot of the 500 LR universities’ Top 1% values when we use the WoS or the G8 classification systems. Chinese universities (excluding Hong Kong) are indicated in red. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-b-university-differences-in-top-10-values-in-going-ta9myuih.png Table 3.B. University differences in Top 10% values in going from the WoS to the G8 systems https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-a-university-ranking-differences-according-to-the-20dxlekz.png Table 3.B. University differences in Top 10% values in going from the WoS to the G8 systems https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-differences-in-between-the-top-most-cited-articles-2k9htr90.png Table 1. Differences in % between the top most cited articles in the G8, G6 and WoS classification systems in the dataset consisting of 3.6 million of distinct articles https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-in-ruiz-castillo-waltman-2015-are-presented-in-table-3gksxe6n.png Table 6 in Ruiz-Castillo & Waltman (2015), are presented in Table 3. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-chorionicity-on-pregnancy-outcome-and-39vof8dp0a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-the-outcome-at-2-years-of-children-g5lgmmrt.png Table 3: Comparison of the outcome at 2 years of children born <32 weeks, alive at discharge and followed up at 2 years, according to the chorionicity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-the-outcome-at-2-years-of-children-jontvrcl.png Table 4: Comparison of the outcome at 2 years of children born <32 weeks, alive at discharge and followed up at 2 years, according to the chorionicity (without TTTS in the group of children born from monochorial pregnancies). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-maternal-fetal-and-obstetric-vfr7uotd.png Table 1: Comparison of maternal, fetal and obstetric characteristics by chorionicity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-perinatal-complications-and-neonatal-outcomes-from-8dgir5bc.png Table 2: Perinatal complications and neonatal outcomes from twin pregnancies in the EPIPAGE 2 cohort. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-child-benefits-on-single-mother-poverty-17xflrfhyv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-to-feature-here-1i6zgu48.png Figure 2 to feature here https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-prevalence-of-single-motherhood-active-age-25-59-viqixk6i.png Figure 2 to feature here https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-generosity-of-child-benefits-for-model-families-in-24igemd6.png Figure 1. Generosity of child benefits for model families in €PPP (left axis) and targeting index (right axis), 2008. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relative-poverty-reduction-and-targeting-adjusted-38l6dkrx.png Figure 6. Relative poverty reduction and targeting, adjusted for government spending (r = 0.65) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relative-poverty-reduction-and-targeting-r-0-41-3lz7hd5t.png Figure 4. Relative poverty reduction and targeting (r = 0.41). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-poverty-risk-for-single-mothers-and-couples-at-1ft2lp5j.png Figure 3. Poverty risk for single mothers and couples at active age (25−59) with dependent children, and the general population, European countries. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-climate-change-on-the-productivity-of-82qqrrmjzw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1cr9jpzo.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-climate-change-policy-on-competition-in-the-25jt0rqkgc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ieaoyuho.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-indirect-ghg-emissions-australian-airlines-5e5zs475.png Table 2. Indirect GHG Emissions: Australian Airlines’ International Services https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-co2-emissions-and-impacts-on-fares-various-flights-dugd27y0.png Table 3. CO2 Emissions and Impacts on Fares: Various Flights https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-applying-emissions-trading-to-aviation-dor9d0qx.png Table 1. Applying Emissions Trading to Aviation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2kjmfuak.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-inx0uyoh.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-community-support-initiatives-on-the-stigma-4gcz4j89bv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-means-and-distribution-of-the-items-of-the-negative-2mix84dt.png Table I. Means and distribution of the items of the negative self-image scale https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-standardized-model-results-from-cross-lagged-model-3g970vax.png Table III. Standardized model results from cross-lagged model of impact of community support on stigma over time (N = 267)2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-descriptive-statistics-2op7lxpk.png Table II. Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-contact-lens-wear-on-ocular-surface-mucins-jekr00c0xy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-demographics-and-habitual-contact-lens-2io64ad1.png Table 1: Participant demographics and habitual contact lens information for the three participant groups (mean ± standard deviation). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-visual-acuity-and-subjective-comfort-scores-for-the-1t5a3av2.png Table 2: Visual acuity and subjective comfort scores for the three participant groups (mean ± standard deviation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-development-of-mucus-strands-through-the-30-minute-hi1bunl1.png Figure 9: Development of mucus strands through the 30-minute imaging period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-a-standard-slit-lamp-imaging-system-1mx2de4k.png Figure 1: Comparison of a standard slit lamp imaging system (left) and the custom imaging system (right) for visualising F-WGA fluorescence 5 minutes after application of F-WGA solution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-biomicroscopy-grading-scores-using-the-efron-grading-3c43ngqw.png Table 3: Biomicroscopy grading scores using the Efron grading scale (mean ± standard deviation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bsi-of-the-seven-ocular-surface-regions-for-the-1mfjo2ec.png Figure 4: BSI of the seven ocular surface regions for the three participant groups at the 30-minute post-F-WGA application time point (a cross represent the mean, a horizontal line the median, the rectangles represent the 25th and 75th percentiles and the whiskers represent the 10th and 90th percentiles) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-fluorescence-intensity-profile-of-the-cornea-35heei9l.png Figure 8: A fluorescence intensity profile of the cornea / bulbar conjunctiva based on averaging radial scans centered on the cornea. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-difference-in-mean-background-subtract-3gr8aare.png Figure 6: The difference in mean background-subtract fluorescence between the lid wiper region (up to 0.6mm from line of Marx) and a reference region of the tarsal conjunctiva (>1mm from the line of Marx) for the four imaging time point / eyelid combinations. Error bars represent the 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-control-display-gain-on-user-performance-in-4jmcum0e3y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-mean-mouse-operating-range-across-levels-with-the-1eigwy8e.png Figure 8. Mean mouse operating range across levels with the two techniques (error bars 95% CI). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-usable-cd-gain-range-20grd7sc.png Figure 18. Usable CD gain range. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-constant-gain-and-pointer-1bu9xq75.png Figure 5. Comparison of Constant Gain and Pointer Acceleration Levels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mean-movement-time-for-the-two-techniques-by-width-20rz4nrr.png Figure 7. Mean movement time for the two techniques, by width and distance (error bars 95% confidence interval). https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-credit-constraints-on-exporting-firms-evidence-ahcx8l8egr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-variables-in-levels-1994-2005-3j9s808w.png TABLE 1. Summary Statistics : Variables in Levels (1994-2005) † ‡ https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-credit-contraction-ss-1g1toq07.png TABLE 3. Credit Contraction † § https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-credit-expansion-unlisted-firms-only-ss-39tk107m.png TABLE 4. Credit Expansion : Unlisted Firms Only † § https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-credit-expansion-ss-1udm7ksm.png TABLE 2. Credit Expansion † § https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-credit-contraction-unlisted-firms-only-ss-97r2ur64.png TABLE 5. Credit Contraction : Unlisted Firms Only † § https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-credibility-on-the-pricing-of-managerial-44gv91lkco 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8a-long-horizon-volatility-defined-over-t-2-t-62-348y8oii.png Table 8A: Long horizon volatility defined over [t+2, t+62] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1b-soft-information-correlation-matrix-1q7lro4u.png Table 1B: Soft Information Correlation Matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-effect-of-hard-and-soft-information-on-29aet304.png Table 3. The Effect of Hard and Soft Information on Announcement Period CARs defined over [t-1, t+1] In this table we present estimates of the following two equations: https://scispace.com/figures/table-7a-announcement-period-volatility-defined-over-t-1-t-1-27svw0h8.png Table 7A: Announcement period volatility defined over [t-1, t+1] https://scispace.com/figures/table-5a-long-horizon-cars-defined-over-t-2-t-62-186qyaus.png Table 5A. Long Horizon CARs defined over [t+2, t+62] https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-announcement-period-cars-with-firm-characteristics-28p826ml.png Table 4. Announcement Period CARs with Firm Characteristics (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5b-speed-of-adjustment-24dnznfd.png Table 5A. Long Horizon CARs defined over [t+2, t+62] https://scispace.com/figures/table-5c-long-horizon-cars-defined-over-t-2-t-62-and-3bn9htwt.png Table 5A. Long Horizon CARs defined over [t+2, t+62] https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-delivery-risk-on-optimal-production-and-5ecemm8pl4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-optimal-decisions-for-di-erent-levels-of-d-3omf89ah.png Table 2: Optimal decisions for di erent levels of δ https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-joint-probability-distribution-2pts4dpa.png Table 1: The joint probability distribution https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-delayed-maternity-on-foetal-growth-in-spain-an-24s3f3ho9n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-temporal-trends-in-maternal-foetal-variables-live-24gksek5.png Table 1. Temporal trends in maternal-foetal variables (live single births, Spanish mothers, selected years 2007, 2010, 2015, data from Spanish Birth Statistical Bulletin). https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-e-commerce-announcements-on-the-market-value-1dw64gmh0j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cumulative-abnormal-returns-for-all-firms-n-251-2e87w6tu.png Figure 1 Cumulative Abnormal Returns for All Firms (n 251) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cars-related-to-e-commerce-announcements-n-251-38bzdlu6.png Table 3 CARs Related to E-Commerce Announcements (n 251) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-daily-trading-volumes-and-average-prices-of-1vb6fbl5.png Table 2 Average Daily Trading Volumes and Average Prices of Stocks in Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-cars-at-the-end-of-5-and-10-day-event-windows-for-37e9s5s4.png Table 6 CARs at the End of 5 and 10 Day Event Windows for Tangible and Digital Goods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cumulative-abnormal-returns-for-tangible-goods-n-19hd156k.png Figure 6 Cumulative Abnormal Returns for Tangible Goods (n 114) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cumulative-abnormal-returns-for-digital-goods-n-137-c94lqhig.png Figure 7 Cumulative Abnormal Returns for Digital Goods (n 137) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-cars-reported-in-prior-event-studies-22oq4jar.png Table 7 CARs Reported in Prior Event Studies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cumulative-abnormal-returns-for-net-firms-n-136-213qwf2z.png Figure 3 Cumulative Abnormal Returns for Net Firms (n 136) https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-dropouts-on-the-analysis-of-dose-finding-2crypa76nm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-overview-of-the-different-scenarios-for-the-21x8bzh8.png Table IX. Overview of the different scenarios for the simulation study using a Weibull rate function with a log-linear dose-response relationship. In case of different missingness rates for the new drug and the comparator, the column ’Dropout-Rate’ consists of the dropout rates for the complete data set/ only for the comparator/ only for the experimental drug. https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-overview-of-the-different-scenarios-for-the-2hvmoq13.png Table VIII. Overview of the different scenarios for the simulation study using a Weibull rate function with a linear dose-response relationship. In case of different missingness rates for the new drug and the comparator, the column ’Dropout-Rate’ consists of the dropout rates for the complete data set/ only for the comparator/ only for the experimental drug. https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-simulation-results-for-a-weibull-rate-and-a-linear-2uowflnl.png Table X. Simulation results for a Weibull rate and a linear dose-response relationship. The amount of missingness and the missingness process vary according to Table VIII. The estimate σ̂ηtd denotes the standard error of η̂td and γ̂ the 90% range of the ηtd-estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-overview-of-the-different-scenarios-for-the-16yy0m0o.png Table I. Overview of the different scenarios for the simulation study using a constant rate function with a linear dose-response relationship. In case of different missingness rates for the new drug and the comparator, the column ’Dropout-Rate’ consists of the dropout rates for the complete data set/ only for the comparator/ only for the experimental drug. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-simulation-results-for-a-constant-rate-and-a-log-fvl23vyz.png Table VII. Simulation results for a constant rate and a log-linear dose-response relationship. The amount of missingness and the missingness process vary according to Table VI. The estimate σ̂ηtd denotes the standard error of η̂td and γ̂ the 90% range of the ηtd-estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-mean-estimate-for-the-overdispersion-parameter-ph-1u3q77xd.png Table IV. Mean estimate for the overdispersion parameter φ and the corresponding standard error in case of constant rate, linear dose response and MAR. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-mean-estimates-and-standard-errors-for-the-2p0pmpda.png Table III. Mean estimates and standard errors for the parameters involved in the models of Scenario 3 and Scenario 4, given in Table I. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-mean-and-median-estimates-for-the-target-dose-the-39yh4k3u.png Table V. Mean and median estimates for the target dose, the corresponding standard error and the 90% range in case of MAR. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-donor-acceptor-phase-separation-on-the-charge-4gtkqc9nh4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-ns-us-ta-spectra-of-thin-film-blends-of-pbttt-2dsqtrtw.png Figure 2. (a) ns-µs TA spectra of thin film blends of pBTTT:PC70BM with a donor-acceptor ratio of 1:1 (upper panel, 28.3 µJ/cm²) and 1:4 (lower panel, 52.7 µJ/cm²). (b) ground-state bleaching kinetics of the same pBTTT:PC70BM 1:1 (upper panel, 610-630 nm) and 1:4 blend (lower panel, 610-630 nm) at different excitation densities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-monoexponential-fit-black-solid-line-to-the-3d55a5x8.png Figure 3. (a) Monoexponential fit (black solid line) to the ground-state bleaching dynamics (open symbols) of a pBTTT:PC70BM (1:1) thin film blend to the ps-ns dynamics (upper panel, 610-635 nm) and ns-µs dynamics (lower panel, 610-630 nm). (b) Intensity dependence of the ns-µs decay dynamics of the ground-state bleaching of a pBTTT:PC70BM (1:4) blend (open symbols, 610-630 nm) and fit to a two pool model (solid lines). The inset depicts the obtained fitting parameters describing the experimentally-measured decay dynamics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-photovoltaic-parameters-of-pbttt-pc70bm-solar-cells-gskfk3qb.png Table 1. Photovoltaic parameters of pBTTT:PC70BM solar cells at donor-acceptor ratios of 1:1 and 1:4. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-economic-coordination-and-educational-47lqk27j15 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-preferences-for-types-of-education-22ozs0kf.png Table 2 Preferences for types of education https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-preferences-for-types-of-education-27v9j5b9.png Table 1 Preferences for types of education https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-association-between-non-market-coordination-and-1ye4ci6f.png Figure 1 The association between non market coordination and the relevance of vocational education and training. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-preferences-for-types-of-education-1j6yvz69.png Table 3 Preferences for types of education https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-impact-of-economic-coordination-on-the-micro-2utjt9a7.png Figure 3 The impact of economic coordination on the micro level effect of educational background on preferences. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-impact-of-student-share-in-vocational-education-2g9puzou.png Figure 2 The impact of student share in vocational education on the micro level effect of educational background on preferences. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-economic-regulation-on-retail-sector-51scv5xp9h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-diagnosis-of-model-appropriateness-fp6rz4sj.png Table 5. Diagnosis of Model Appropriateness https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-before-and-after-regulation-3hdsf433.png Table 2. Descriptive Statistics Before and After Regulation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ols-results-of-difference-in-differences-estimation-2p8tygot.png Table 4. OLS Results of Difference-in-Differences Estimation (EQ1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-panel-did-results-from-eq4-two-way-fixed-effects-3oa3rrwl.png Table 7. Panel DID Results from EQ4 (Two Way Fixed Effects Model with Lagged Variable) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-simple-mean-differences-between-before-and-after-the-3gk93a83.png Table 3. Simple Mean Differences between Before and After the New Regulation of Operation Hours https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-different-types-of-regulation-effects-of-business-1mjq2v3n.png Figure 1. Different Types of Regulation Effects of Business Hours on Sale of LDRs https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-panel-did-results-from-eq-3-two-way-fixed-effects-20n3adej.png Table 6. Panel DID Results from EQ 3 (Two Way Fixed Effects Model) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-treatment-and-control-groups-of-the-regulation-bd7uuwkl.png Table 1. Treatment and Control Groups of the Regulation Change https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-education-and-intergroup-friendship-on-the-2duu3o6tul 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mlr-estimates-of-the-latent-growth-curve-model-of-2cipx0oj.png Table 2 MLR Estimates of the Latent Growth Curve Model of Ethnocentrism https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-and-standard-errors-se-for-ethnocentrism-1mg3x0p9.png Table 1 Mean and standard errors (SE) for ethnocentrism, intergroup friendship and educational goal, proportion of respondents in education track https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-electrodic-adsorption-on-zn-cd-and-pb-2s426d1dk3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-evolution-of-the-stripping-current-along-the-3ie8l0kc.png Figure 11: Evolution of the stripping current along the potential scan of an AGNELSV 703 experiment where scan rate = 0.008 V/s. cT,Cd= 1.15x10-5M, cT,I= 9.53x10-2M (×) and pH= 704 6.020. The (+) signs correspond to the synthetic blank (just the background electrolyte 705 0.1M KNO3). 706 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-free-cd-concentration-measured-with-agnes-i-full-1d2ynkrx.png Figure 2: Free Cd concentration measured with AGNES-I (full markers) and with Cd-ISE 636 (empty markers) at different pH (□for pH = 4; ○ for pH = 5; Δ for pH = 6 and ◊ for pH = 7). 637 PAA concentration = 5×10-3 M and [KNO3] = 0.1M. Y1,a = 1010, t1,a = 70 s, Y1,b = 100 s, t1,b 638 = 210 s. 639 640 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-plot-showing-that-stirring-favours-the-quick-1uhvo2kd.png Figure 7: Plot showing that stirring favours the quick dispersant blockage of the electrode 666 for the Znº/Zn2+ process, while extreme gains break it. A unique drop is used for each 667 series along which a common procedure (where equilibrium is not reached) is repeated. 668 Series with markers (○): Y1=10, t1=10s (with stirring), tw=0. Series with (□): Y1=10 669 ,t1=tw=10s (no stirring during deposition stage). Series with (Δ): Y1=1012, t1=tw=1.5s (no 670 stirring). Currents are measured at t2=0.2 s of the stripping stage which lasts 5 s and are 671 represented vs. the time since the birth of the drop. In all experiments Y2=10-10. The 672 medium contained a dispersion of Nanotek ZnO NPs approximately 2×10-4M at pH=8.25. 673 674 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-currents-leading-to-an-unresolved-free-metal-1ncdoe9y.png Figure 6 Currents leading to an unresolved free metal concentration with the standard 660 application of AGNES (stirring along t1,a and t1,b; no stirring along tw=50s) to a Nanotek 661 ZnO dispersion. Parameters: Y1,a=1012; Y=Y1,b=10; Y2=10-10; t2=50 s. Markers: (◊) for 662 t1,a=3s; (Δ) for t1,a=4s; (○) for t1,a=5s and (□) for t1,a=6s. 663 664 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ancillary-experiments-of-current-vs-drop-lifetime-1lh3alng.png Figure 8: Ancillary experiments of current vs. drop lifetime showing that the surfactant is 676 not removed from the electrode surface after the application of a very negative potential. 677 Only one drop was used for all the data in this plot. Red square markers (□) represent 678 subseries with parameters Y1=1012, t1=tw=1.5s (no stirring during deposition stage) with 679 total stripping time t2=8.5s. Blue circle markers (○) stand for subseries where Y1=10, 680 t1=tw=5s (no stirring) and t2=5s. In all cases Y2=10-10. 681 682 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-normal-pulse-polarogram-in-the-system-pb-xylenol-27hxcrje.png Figure 1: Normal Pulse Polarogram in the system Pb+xylenol orange, showing the 631 typical peak of strong induced adsorption. cT,Pb= 1.57 x 10-5M, cT,XO= 8.99 x 10-6M and 632 pH= 6.802 in 0.1 M KNO3. Ebase= -0.1 V 633 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-finding-of-an-optimized-t1-a-w-for-y-5-at-the-pb871817.png Figure 9: Finding of an optimized t1,a,w for Y=5 at the intersection of both series of 684 ancillary experiments. No stirring in any substage. Green circles (○) stand for 685 experiments of type Exp1 withY1=1012. Red squares (□) stand for experiments of type 686 Exp2 with Y1,a=1012, Y1,b=5 and t1,b=0;tw=100s. A different drop per marker and 687 experiment. In all cases Y2=10-10. The medium contained a dispersion of Nanotek ZnO 688 NPs approximately 2×10-4M at pH=8.29. 689 690 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-trajectories-of-current-blue-markers-referred-to-3ef19sc8.png Figure 5: Trajectories of current (blue markers referred to the right ordinate axis) and 654 charge (red markers referred to the left ordinate axis) vs. deposition time (t1-tw with 655 tw=50s) for two gains: Y=50 (+ and □) and Y=200 (× and Δ). cT,Pb= 4.99x10-6M, cT,XO= 656 2.08x10-6M and pH=6.104 (buffer MES 0.01M) 657 658 https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-electrolyte-on-the-adsorption-of-the-anionic-1mf24cfmyw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-generic-structure-of-mes-surfactant-the-group-31h19x6n.png Figure 1. Generic structure of MES surfactant, the group labelled R is CH3 (CH2)11 for C14MES. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-neutron-reflectivity-for-4mm-c14mes-6-mm-alcl3-red-2gokrqv5.png Figure 3. Neutron reflectivity for 4mM C14MES / 6 mM AlCl3, (red) at t=0, (blue) + 180 mins, and (green) +360 mins. The data for t=180, and 360 mins are shifted vertically by x4 and x16 respectively for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-surface-phase-behaviour-as-a-function-of-c14mes-and-g9l3hto6.png Figure 5. Surface phase behaviour as a function of C14MES and AlCl3 concentrations. The data points illustrate the points at which NR measurements were made, and the colour coding https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-model-parameters-from-analysis-of-nr-data-for-1-1q16masm.png Table 1. Key model parameters from analysis of NR data for 1 mM C14MES at AlCl3 concentration of 0.005, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.4 mM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-surface-tension-data-for-h-c14mes-in-h2o-0-1m-nacl-1kitcmby.png Figure 2. Surface tension data for h-C14MES in H2O (●), 0.1M NaCl (●), and 0.3 mM AlCl3 (●). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-nr-data-for-1-mm-c14mes-for-0-005-mm-alcl3-red-0-05-1xfchgaj.png Figure 4. NR data for 1 mM C14MES, for 0.005 mM AlCl3 (red), 0.05 mM AlCl3 (green), 0.1 mM AlCl3 (pink) and 0.4 mM AlCl3 (black). Each curve is shifted vertically by x2 for clarity. The solid lines are model calculations as described in the text and for the key model parameters summarised in table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-education-and-occupation-on-temporary-and-25ysc7gswe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-marginal-effects-of-physically-demanding-job-on-28cykt4g.png Figure 4: Marginal effects of physically demanding job on temporary work incapacity by age, women. Note: Marginal effects estimated from model 3 of Table 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-school-reform-and-the-share-of-individuals-with-j1s1941c.png Figure 2: The school reform and the share of individuals with at least primary education. Note: Trends before and after the school reform are calculated with a quadratic fit. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-destinations-state-after-temporary-work-incapacity-zrkfeisk.png Table 1: Destinations state after temporary work incapacity (1998–2002). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-socioeconomic-characteristics-across-35p9bq9n.png Table 3: Average socioeconomic characteristics across commuting areas with different levels of occupational brawn. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-marginal-effects-of-physically-demanding-job-on-ck6oqoe4.png Figure 5: Marginal effects of physically demanding job on temporary work incapacity by age, men. Note: Marginal effects estimated from model 3 of Table 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-share-of-individuals-with-physically-demanding-job-1aab3zx7.png Figure 1: Share of individuals with physically demanding job by education and age. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-brawn-level-across-commuting-areas-in-1995-rjrbklzx.png Figure 3: Average brawn level across commuting areas in 1995. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-3c7xrkpk.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-entrepreneurial-alertness-on-entrepreneurial-1oqkhq6gcj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-convergent-and-discriminant-validity-of-construct-va1zo2j1.png Table 5.1: Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Construct. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-relationship-between-entrepreneurial-alertness-and-235cshjy.png Table 5.2: Relationship between Entrepreneurial Alertness and Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Intentions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structural-model-13d5iyky.png Figure 2: Structural Model https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-entrepreneurship-on-economic-growth-gem-data-5164bmbxcw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-strategic-entrepreneurship-1x26am8j.png Figure 1: Strategic Entrepreneurship https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-panel-ols-2fmqls00.png Table 3: Panel OLS https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pesaran-unit-root-test-12r50w79.png Table 2. Pesaran Unit Root Test https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cross-section-dependence-test-1rvjsris.png Table 1: Cross-Section Dependence Test https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-environmental-factors-on-the-production-of-3nw1nt6s30 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-identification-of-the-37-peptides-found-to-be-common-3g6zmyej.png Table 1. Identification of the 37 peptides found to be common in decomposition fluid samples collected in summer and winter. Peptides marked with an * were previously reported by Nolan et al (2019). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-venn-diagram-reporting-common-peptides-present-2j93ih5y.png Figure 10. Venn diagram reporting common peptides present (detected =/> 50% of the time across trial period) as recorded by Nolan et al. [32], and in this study (Summer and Winter). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-mean-degradative-patterns-for-beta-enolase-peptides-2lg95rof.png Figure 9. Mean degradative patterns for beta-enolase. Peptides were detected in decomposition fluid samples collected from Cadavers 1, 2, 3, 7, and 8 on analysis days (a) 14 (ADD 182), (b) 22 (ADD 234), and (c) 30 (ADD 385) in winter and Cadavers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 on analysis days (d) 2 (ADD 49), (e) 6 (ADD 152), and (f) 10 (ADD 240) in summer. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-evolutionary-and-developmental-metaphors-on-3nt4my0alq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-demographic-profile-of-respondents-3n2xx3j2.png Table 4: Demographic profile of respondents https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-citation-frequencies-authors-citations-6ngaxt0c.png Table 2 Citation frequencies Authors Citations https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-respondent-interpretations-of-the-terms-evolution-or-2xfumbqx.png Table 5 Respondent interpretations of the terms ‘evolution’ or ‘development’ https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-purchasing-activity-category-beliefs-2fspwh7b.png Table 1 Purchasing Activity Category Beliefs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-13d3d5zm.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-examples-of-steps-to-reduce-administrative-sfam2mka.png Table 8 Examples of steps to reduce administrative activities https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-illustrative-example-of-progression-or-evolutionary-3nij9l3u.png Table 3 Illustrative example of ‘progression’ or ‘evolutionary’ models and diagrams https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-average-rankings-of-involvement-and-importance-of-3clddyqs.png Table 6 Average rankings of involvement and importance of PSM activities https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-estimation-uncertainty-on-covariate-effects-in-du21q2geid 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-posterior-means-and-standard-deviations-31q04d1e.png Table 1. Posterior means and standard deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-covariate-effect-of-income-10000-on-number-of-213mbp35.png Table 6. The covariate effect of income ($10,000) on number of arrests for several subsamples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-differences-l1-100-ln-d1-ln-d3-and-l2-100-2zk4w3iu.png Table 2. Percentage differences λ1 = 100(ln(δ1) − ln(δ3)) and λ2 = 100(ln(δ2) − ln(δ3)) for the covariate effect of family income for several subsamples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-percentage-differences-l1-100-ln-d1-ln-d3-and-l2-100-vwe69sxx.png Table 5. Percentage differences λ1 = 100(ln(δ1) − ln(δ3)) and λ2 = 100(ln(δ2) − ln(δ3)) for the covariate effect of income for several subsamples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-the-average-effect-as-a-funciton-of-24eo4l1u.png Figure 2. Distribution of the average effect as a funciton of (i) parameter uncertainty (top two panels) and (ii) the units in the sample (bottom two panels); in each case, a histogram and a plot of the ordered values are presented. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-jensens-inequality-can-impact-covariate-effect-1i5kbzhr.png Figure 1. Jensen’s inequality can impact covariate effect estimates in an unknown direction depending on the shape of the link function. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-percentage-differences-l1-100-ln-d1-ln-d3-and-l2-100-2n8u3act.png Table 4. Percentage differences λ1 = 100(ln(δ1) − ln(δ3)) and λ2 = 100(ln(δ2) − ln(δ3)) for the covariate effect of x2 in the simulated data over 25 Monte Carlo replications. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-covariate-effect-of-income-on-obtaining-at-least-1ohpwqob.png Table 3. The covariate effect of income on obtaining at least a high school degree for several subsamples. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-examinee-performance-information-on-judges-cut-2lcsrrmzql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c19-step-1-year-1-panel-level-initial-and-final-cut-25e4t1a0.png Figure C19. Step 1 Year 1 Panel-level Initial and Final Cut Scores https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c16-step-3-year-2-panel-1-individual-judge-initial-xv2ct3ij.png Figure C16. Step 3 Year 2 Panel 1 Individual Judge Initial and Final Cut Scores https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c21-step-2-year-1-panel-level-initial-and-final-cut-1aer9162.png Figure C21. Step 2 Year 1 Panel-level Initial and Final Cut Scores https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c11-step-2-year-2-panel-2-individual-judge-initial-2zabnqm9.png Figure C11. Step 2 Year 2 Panel 2 Individual Judge Initial and Final Cut Scores https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c22-step-2-year-2-panel-level-initial-and-final-cut-mjawpm0w.png Figure C22. Step 2 Year 2 Panel-level Initial and Final Cut Scores https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c17-step-3-year-2-panel-2-individual-judge-initial-pik12td8.png Figure C17. Step 3 Year 2 Panel 2 Individual Judge Initial and Final Cut Scores https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c18-step-3-year-2-panel-3-individual-judge-initial-33b6tf1z.png Figure C18. Step 3 Year 2 Panel 3 Individual Judge Initial and Final Cut Scores https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-step-2-year-1-panel-2-mean-cut-scores-for-initial-roiy01dg.png Figure 4.2. Step 2 Year 1 Panel 2 Mean Cut Scores for Initial and Final Judgments https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-exporting-on-firm-productivity-a-meta-analysis-2hmsp2zbqz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-t-ratios-and-the-square-root-of-number-of-observations-2pbb6dhx.png Fig. 1 t-Ratios and the square root of number of observations. Size of circle proportional to the weight of the journal in which the paper was published. Weight used from CEMPRE and NIPE (2006). See text for more details https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-farmer-field-schools-on-knowledge-and-284wc01rp1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-agricultural-knowledge-test-score-comparisons-across-2du5ulno.png Table 4. Agricultural Knowledge Test Score Comparisons Across Groups of Farmers https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-ffs-testing-knowledge-differentials-using-pps-gxzlzg6l.png Table 9. FFS: Testing Knowledge Differentials Using PPS Matching Methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sources-of-information-on-potato-cultivation-of-1egentuj.png Table 3. Sources of Information on Potato Cultivation (% of farmers who use the source) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-ffs-balancing-test-results-for-three-pps-methods-u2689mib.png Table 7. FFS: Balancing Test Results for Three PPS Methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-differentials-in-knowledge-gains-ffs-vs-andino-2p0bvofz.png Table 10. Differentials in Knowledge Gains: FFS vs. Andino https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-histogram-of-probability-propensity-scores-for-ffs-1v4cb9j1.png Figure 2. Histogram of Probability Propensity Scores for FFS Participants and Non-participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-household-characteristics-in-villages-6mj3efoi.png Table 5. Comparison of Household Characteristics in Villages With and Without FFS https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-impact-of-score-on-productivity-in-non-care-15w1deoo.png Table 11. Impact of Score on Productivity in non-CARE Communities https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-family-size-and-sibling-structure-on-the-great-1391jch1u7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-sibship-size-effect-on-childs-netted-migration-27azjna3.png Table 5: Sibship size effect on child’s ‘netted migration’ status: WLS estimates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-mexican-individual-non-tied-3fn4bl6t.png Figure 1: Distribution of Mexican individual (non-tied) migration by age and gender https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-by-migration-status-1zyjfxal.png Table 1: Sample characteristics by migration status https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-migration-rate-by-family-size-25f88g8l.png Figure 2: Migration rate by family size https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-birth-order-effects-on-childs-migration-status-38gkwcx7.png Table 4: Birth order effects on child’s migration status https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-incidence-of-fertility-and-infertility-shocks-by-1ci6ids9.png Table 3: Incidence of fertility and infertility shocks by sibship size https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-effect-of-family-size-on-being-an-absent-child-39t6eohz.png Table 8: The effect of family size on being an ‘absent child’ https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-child-gender-and-sibship-size-effect-on-childs-ocuzspys.png Table 7: Child gender and sibship size effect on child’s ‘netted migration’ status: 2SLS estimates https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-functional-integration-and-spatial-proximity-1b8ogvsdk9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-kibs-in-the-standard-industry-classification-2289zknq.png Table 1: KIBS in the Standard Industry Classification https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-2nec39f0.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-determinants-of-employment-growth-of-newly-founded-4zukeajv.png Table 3: Determinants of employment growth of newly-founded KIBS, Results from OLS estimation and robust regression, P-values in parentheses https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-glyphosate-based-herbicides-and-their-1o9dnk33mm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effects-of-poea-solutions-on-heart-rate-this-12ybcehl.png Fig 5. Effects of POEA solutions on heart rate. This represents the average BPM with standard deviation 434 of the D. magna over exposure time in minutes for listed concentrations of POEA (100% stock contains 1% 435 POEA and no glyphosate). The control (0%) is shown as a red line. Each data point represents 3 D. magna. 436 A) Heart rates in the concentrations 0%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, and 100%. B) Heart rates in the 437 concentrations 0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, and 75%. Concentrations are divided into 2 graphs for clarity and to 438 match the concentration groupings of the previous experiments. All concentrations presented here share the 439 same control. Although all test concentrations had heart rates lower than controls, there was no clear dose-440 response pattern. However, the 3 highest concentrations of POEA prompted the most drastic decreases in 441 heart rate (p<0.0001). All concentrations ≥1% of the POEA stock solution, except for the 25% solution, 442 produced heart rates significantly lower than the control group (p<0.05). Missing data points were the result 443 of unreadable videos. This is generally revealed in Figs 5A and 5B where lines do not continue out to 45 444 minutes. For all missing data points, see highlighted data fields in S2 Dataset. 445 446 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-median-time-until-death-of-d-magna-exposed-to-2znjzy6s.png Table 4. Median time until death of D. magna exposed to Roundup, Rodeo, glyphosate, POEA, and Mock-GBH 503 solutions. Median time until death indicates the time at which half of the population died. “NA” indicates that fewer 504 than half of the population died by the end of the experiment. A gray box indicates that the concentration was not 505 tested. N=12 D. magna per concentration for Roundup-WGK; N=5 D. magna per concentration for 1%-10%, 100% 506 and 200% of Rodeo-Recommended stock solution; and 1%-10% and 30% of Rodeo-2% stock solution; and N=6 D. 507 magna per concentration for the rest of the stock solutions . For POEA and Mock GBH, all concentrations were tested 508 on the same day. For Roundup, 1-4% were tested on one day and 5-10% tested on another. For Rodeo-509 Recommended and Rodeo-2%, the 25%, 50%, and 75% concentrations were tested on a separate day from the rest. 510 All control D. magna survived for the entirety of the observation period of 8hrs. Kaplan-Meier plots of survival over 511 time are supplied in the Supporting Information (S3-8 Figs). 512 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effects-of-rodeo-2-solutions-on-heart-rate-this-4vzv4zbz.png Fig 3. Effects of Rodeo-2% solutions on heart rate. This represents the average BPM with standard 389 deviation of the D. magna over exposure time in minutes for listed concentrations of the Rodeo-2% stock 390 (100% stock contains 2% glyphosate). The control (0%) is shown as a red line. Each data point represents 3 391 D. magna. A) Heart rates in the concentrations 0%, 5%, 25%, and 100%. B) shows the concentrations 0%, 392 10%, 50%, and 200%. Graphs A and B represent data from a single experiment, separated for easier 393 viewing, and share the same control. Each graph contains a range of high and low concentrations for ease 394 of comparison. C) Heart rates in the concentrations 0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, and 75%. With the exception of 395 the 50%, there was a general trend for the higher concentrations of 25% to 200% to show decreasing heart 396 rates in a dose-response pattern. The 0.1%, 0.5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, and 200% Rodeo-2% group heart rates 397 varied significantly compared to the control (p<0.05). 398 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-concentrations-tested-for-heart-rate-analyses-table-wvfhegwk.png Table 2. Concentrations tested for heart rate analyses. Table 2 shows the concentrations 267 tested for Roundup-WGK, Rodeo-Recommended, Rodeo-2%, Glyphosate, POEA and Mock-GBH 268 solutions. A check mark indicates that concentration was tested. 269 270 An expanded heart rate verification experiment was conducted to verify the results for 271 Rodeo-Recommended, Rodeo-2%, and POEA. The concentrations 1%, 25%, and 272 100% were tested for each stock solution and ten D. magna were individually observed 273 for each concentration. A video was captured of each D. magna every 15 minutes for 60 274 minutes. 275 276 Statistical analysis of the heart rate results was performed by applying a Kruskal-Wallis 277 ANOVA test with Dunn’s Multiple Comparison post-test using GraphPad Prism version 278 8 for Mac (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, California, www.graphpad.com). Graphs were 279 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effects-of-roundup-wgk-solutions-on-heart-rate-1jpwtvv4.png Figure 1. Effects of Roundup-WGK solutions on heart rate. Graphs represent the average BPM with 339 standard deviation of the D. magna over exposure time in minutes for listed concentrations. Each data point 340 represents 3 D. magna. The control (0% Roundup-WGK) is shown as a red line. A) The first experiment looked 341 at a broad range of concentrations: 0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% Roundup-WGK (100% stock contains 342 2% glyphosate, approximately 1% POEA). Heart rates show a precipitous decline for all concentrations tested, 343 following a dose-response pattern. All test concentrations yielded an average heart rate significantly below that 344 of the control (p<0.001) B) The second experiment focused on the range of 0-10% with concentrations of 1%, 345 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10% Roundup-WGK. Heart rates showed a clear dose response above 1% Roundup-WGK. 346 The D. magna in the 7% and 10% concentrations had average heart rates significantly below that of the control 347 group (p<0.05) C) The last experiment tested lower concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 5% and 10% Roundup-348 WGK. Heart rates showed a clear dose response above 1% Roundup-WGK, with 5% and 10% being 349 significantly decreased compared to the control (p<0.05). D. magna in the 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% solutions had 350 heart rates within the range set by the controls. 351 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-testing-results-a-qualitative-summary-of-18n6mmi7.png Table 5. Summary of testing results. A qualitative summary of the effects of Roundup-WGK, Rodeo-565 Recommended, Rodeo-2%, Glyphosate, POEA, and Mock-GBH solutions on D. magna survival rates and heart 566 rates. The x, xx, xxx, xxxx approximate increasing severity of response seen for those stock solutions. 567 568 An important consideration in this study is the sensitivity of D. magna species’ heart 569 rates to variations in water temperature. For example, the heart rate of D. magna pulex 570 increases by about 24 BPM per 1ºC (51). Because water temperature was maintained 571 at 21ºC during all experiments, temperature had minimal effects on our results. The 572 variation in our control heart rates is not uncommon and aligns with published data of 573 normal adult D. magna heart rates at about 21ºC (51,52). At this temperature, various 574 publications have stated that D. magna heart rate ranges from approximately 180 to 350 575 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-concentration-in-mg-l-of-ingredients-for-each-2jizrmsl.png Table 1. Concentration in mg/L of ingredients for each dilution of all stock solutions. Table 1 234 lists the mg/L of glyphosate, POEA, and “Other ingredients for the various percentage dilutions of 235 the six stock solutions. 236 237 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-mock-gbh-glyphosate-poea-solutions-on-heart-1hodu9km.png Fig 6. Effect of Mock-GBH (glyphosate + POEA) solutions on heart rate. This represents the average 455 BPM with standard deviation of the D. magna over exposure time in minutes for listed concentrations of the 456 Mock-GBH (100% stock contains 1% POEA and 2% glyphosate). The control (0%) is shown as a red line. 457 Each data point represents 3 D. magna. A) Heart rates for the concentrations 0%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, and 458 100%. B) Heart rates for the concentrations 0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, and 75%. Concentrations are divided into 459 2 graphs for clarity and to match the concentration groupings of the previous experiments. All concentrations 460 presented here share the same control. The control in this experiment had heart rates approximately 50% 461 slower than the heart rates of controls in other experiments. Heart rates did not follow a dose-response 462 pattern, although D. magna in the 10%, 25%, and 75% Mock-GBH concentrations had an average heart rate 463 significantly lower than that of the control. Missing data points were the result of unreadable videos. This is 464 generally revealed in Figs 6A and 6B where lines do not continue out to 45 minutes. For all missing data 465 points, see highlighted data fields in S2 Dataset. 466 https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-foreign-ownership-on-gender-and-employment-58qizm9ouk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-firms-in-the-study-2tme54ss.png Table 1: Summary of Firms in the Study https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-perceptions-of-change-various-employment-practices-2h9dkrxv.png Table 3: Perceptions of Change - Various Employment Practices https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-female-managers-1998-vs-2003-3qwb1mmv.png Table 2: Number of Female Managers: 1998 vs 2003 https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-goal-orientation-self-reflection-and-personal-1zr4mtrzfc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-three-determinants-of-human-functioning-bandura-lhj9fo4n.png Figure 1: Three determinants of human functioning (Bandura, 1997) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-student-characteristics-descriptives-and-29x69jwj.png Table 1: Student characteristics: descriptives and correlations. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-government-funding-on-competition-in-the-22asew1eel 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effects-of-government-funding-on-nonprofit-1zfki3ol.png Table 1: Effects of government funding on nonprofit competition https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-goal-attainment-and-goal-importance-on-2un1ortnap 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-polynomial-regression-analyses-extrinsic-20nlk4g1.png Table 3. Summary of polynomial regression analyses (Extrinsic) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-satisfaction-with-life-as-the-result-of-the-3hrqj1la.png Figure 1. Satisfaction with Life as the result of the discrepancy between Intrinsic Goal Importance and Goal Attainment https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-cronbachs-alphas-and-3qaafl05.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s alphas, and intercorrelations for the study variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-satisfaction-with-life-as-the-result-of-the-1arfsbut.png Figure 2. Satisfaction with Life as the result of the discrepancy between Extrinsic Goal Importance and Goal Attainment https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-polynomial-regression-analyses-intrinsic-35zkm8zf.png Table 2. Summary of polynomial regression analyses (Intrinsic) https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-greenery-on-physical-activity-and-mental-4for77na0y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-characteristics-of-the-sample-at-the-3q5wc8e7.png Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the sample at the second measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-and-standard-deviations-of-independent-and-bdyafn0x.png Table 2 Means and standard deviations of independent and dependent variables: differences be https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-health-indicators-on-economic-development-and-3o7bwc7iwp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regression-analysis-between-health-work-force-vfhtjn03.png Table 1. Regression analysis between Health work force density and life expectancy https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-analysis-between-health-work-force-sucv25e2.png Table 3. Regression analysis between Health work force density and total revenues excluding grats (% GDP) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-analysis-between-health-work-force-102rvvx7.png Table 2. Regression analysis between Health work force density and Infant mortality rate https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-health-insurance-on-stockholding-a-regression-3irqxipt86 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ownership-of-stocks-fuzzy-rd-1ojtt7fx.png Table 2. Ownership of stocks, fuzzy RD https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-p-values-of-f-tests-of-different-age-measurement-1yvkzzci.png Table A.1. P values of F tests of different age measurement units https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-5-ownership-of-stocks-households-with-both-partners-2b7t7lpd.png Table A.5. Ownership of stocks, households with both partners having health insurance (but not Medicare) before age 65, fuzzy RD https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ownership-of-stocks-sharp-rd-ox2ejjl1.png Table 3. Ownership of stocks, sharp RD https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2a-rate-of-ownership-of-stocks-held-directly-or-1vid8w45.png Figure 2A. Rate of ownership of stocks held directly or through mutual funds https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-additional-outcomes-1btxs0zi.png Table 6. Additional outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-medicare-coverage-rates-1kjo8i4o.png Figure 1. Medicare Coverage Rates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2b-rate-of-ownership-of-stocks-held-in-any-form-26i0x21t.png Figure 2A. Rate of ownership of stocks held directly or through mutual funds https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-heating-ventilation-and-air-conditioning-hvac-1azcil0zzz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-of-studies-through-the-selection-process-1de7l3ne.png Figure 1. Flow of studies through the selection process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-network-representing-relevant-references-grey-1wsszdbe.png Figure 2: Network representing relevant references (grey circles) from the seven included reviews (black circles): 1_Li_2007; 2_Luongo_2016; 3_Derby_2017; 4_Chirico_2020; 5_Zhen_2020, 6_daSilva_2021; 7_Noorimotlagh_2021. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-methodological-quality-of-relevant-reviews-based-on-39oap4g0.png Table 4. Methodological Quality of Relevant Reviews based on AMSTAR2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-hurricane-maria-on-out-migration-from-puerto-4sxxblvugb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-change-in-puerto-rican-migrant-sex-ratios-39e39iwf.png Table 3: Estimated change in Puerto Rican migrant sex ratios (male/female) from October 2017 to January 2018. The 95% confidence intervals are shown in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-return-migration-estimated-change-in-puerto-rican-11dsy3tn.png Table 4: Return migration: Estimated change in Puerto Rican migrant stocks from January 2018 to March 2018. The 95% confidence intervals are shown in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimated-increase-in-puerto-rican-migrant-stocks-1rr0f1mt.png Figure 2: Estimated increase in Puerto Rican migrant stocks from October 2017 to January 2018. Note that only the states with a Puerto Rican migrant population of at least 18,000 are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimated-change-in-puerto-rican-migrant-age-12dadeof.png Figure 3: Estimated change in Puerto Rican migrant age distribution from October 2017 to January 2018. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sex-ratio-males-to-females-in-the-2016-american-3bkqn1eg.png Table 1: Sex ratio (males to females) in the 2016 American Community Survey and Facebook data in January 2017. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-increase-in-puerto-rican-migrant-stocks-1n455mbe.png Table 2: Estimated increase in Puerto Rican migrant stocks from October 2017 to January 2018. The 95% confidence intervals are shown in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-age-distribution-of-puerto-rican-migrants-in-19zuov73.png Figure 1: Age distribution of Puerto Rican migrants in Facebook data in January 2017 (red dashed line) and 2016 American Community Survey data (black solid line). https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-high-performance-computing-best-practice-3owi0obzcr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hpc-best-practices-diagram-1jizi08d.png Figure 3. HPC best practices diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-parallel-inchworm-algorithm-a-phase-1-k-mer-3oa5it52.png Figure 4 Parallel Inchworm algorithm (a) Phase 1: K-mer distribution (b) Phase 2: Contig building https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-between-distributed-and-sharedmemory-2n62v3nd.png Figure 1. Comparison between distributed- and sharedmemory parallelism. Notice the large difference of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-between-computer-code-implementation-ajqbhe8q.png Figure 2. Comparison between computer code implementation, depending on architectures. Notice that MPI and Threaded codes can be combined to form so- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-memory-scaling-and-b-time-scaling-of-mpiinchworm-erwldrq9.png Figure 5 (a) Memory scaling and (b) Time scaling of MPIInchworm on the mouse RNA-Seq data. Computations are done on XC40 Haswell-16, 2 sockets (32cores/node; 128GB/node). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-memory-and-b-time-scaling-of-mpi-iinchworm-on-the-1j9j5yjy.png Figure 6(a) Memory and (b) Time scaling of MPI-Iinchworm on the axolotl RNA-Seq data. Computations are done on XC40 Haswell-16, 2 sockets (32 cores/node;128GB/node). https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-imperfect-information-in-multi-channel-48ge5khlpg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-node-generating-traffic-at-rate-l-with-access-to-n-kcpyab19.png Fig. 1. A node generating traffic at rate λ with access to n channels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-algorithm-for-the-optimum-channel-selection-and-35h7ru8h.png Fig. 2. Algorithm for the optimum channel selection and transmission strategy https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-insurance-expansions-on-the-already-insured-2mkzny8uue 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-difference-in-differences-results-alternative-hsdyab8b.png Table 4—: Difference-in-Differences Results: Alternative Crowding Measures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-summary-statistics-1ibp79rb.png Figure 2. : Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-provider-response-to-medicaid-expansions-ltgsldlg.png Figure 1. : Provider Response to Medicaid Expansions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-trends-in-new-patient-visits-in-expansion-vs-non-1f3vy9s9.png Figure 6. : Trends in New Patient Visits in Expansion vs. Non-Expansion States, 2008-2015 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-trends-in-primary-care-visits-in-expansion-vs-non-3d55j91v.png Figure 5. : Trends in Primary Care Visits in Expansion vs. Non-Expansion States, 2008-2015 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-difference-in-differences-results-health-insurance-3r1t99kl.png Table 1—: Difference-in-Differences Results: Health Insurance Coverage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-trends-in-rates-of-delaying-care-due-to-appointment-37114mpt.png Figure 7. : Trends in Rates of Delaying Care due to Appointment Availability and Wait Times, 2008-2015 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-trends-in-primary-care-rvus-in-expansion-vs-non-8bx7k9c5.png Figure 4. : Trends in Primary Care RVUs in Expansion vs. Non-Expansion States, 2008-2015 https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-inadequacies-in-the-treatment-of-4onlbjj1jh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-frequency-of-treatment-and-system-s-success-1chjlbmz.png Table 6: Frequency of treatment and system's success https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-stage-s-of-the-systems-development-process-at-which-1j7ssllv.png Table 5: Stage(s) of the systems development process at which the treatment of organizational issues typically occurs https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-changing-organizational-role-of-is-it-1hma3efx.png Table 1: The changing organizational role of IS / IT https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-organizational-issues-variables-2sfetotd.png Table 2: Organizational issues variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-frequency-with-which-users-are-responsible-for-zz9pcc87.png Table 7: Frequency with which users are responsible for treating organizational issues and system's success https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-treatment-of-individual-issues-and-success-of-is-r4i4wxov.png Table 4: Treatment of individual issues and success of IS projects https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-item-measures-for-systems-success-mwbjil7p.png Table 3: Item measures for Systems Success https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-format-of-the-questionnaire-section-relating-to-29rpufqi.png Figure 2: The format of the questionnaire section relating to organizational issues https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-institutional-environment-on-the-capital-14rnf34674 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1kzpt29h.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3ny8ynnq.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-panel-regression-of-leverage-and-debt-maturity-1rv6uz9i.png Table IV – Panel Regression of Leverage and Debt Maturity Choices https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-panel-regression-of-leverage-and-debt-maturity-4e0okfmt.png Table VII – Panel Regression of Leverage and Debt Maturity Choices by Country Category (II) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-correlation-matrix-3gy2jpxi.png Table III – Correlation Matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-panel-regression-of-leverage-and-debt-maturity-67kub28u.png Table VI – Panel Regression of Leverage and Debt Maturity Choices by Country Category (I) https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-panel-regression-of-leverage-and-debt-maturity-buznm72h.png Table V – Panel Regression of Leverage and Debt Maturity Choices with Interaction Effects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-8alpfoq1.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-interactive-corporate-social-responsibility-3m7k3lmxhv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-results-dg6fxkxc.png Figure 2. Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-conditions-16poqtla.png Table 1. Overview of Conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-construct-correlations-jd58ifxn.png Table 3. Construct Correlations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-model-1zqgry4x.png Figure 1. Conceptual Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-loading-reliability-and-ave-of-latent-variables-1ifvzru0.png Table 2. Loading, Reliability, and AVE of Latent Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-results-jxli5czx.png Table 5. Summary of Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-including-perceived-interactivity-2hnhq1yi.png Figure 3. Results including perceived interactivity https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-y84n0lfg.png Table 4. Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-interference-on-the-performance-of-a-multi-53ietlkmei 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-mean-delay-3qz64go1.png TABLE I MEAN DELAY https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-topology-of-the-metropolitan-mesh-network-u70mptl1.png Fig. 1. Topology of the metropolitan mesh network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-metropolitan-wmns-communication-graph-and-mplcg-3iredvoo.png Fig. 2. Metropolitan WMN’s communication graph and MPLCG. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-packet-loss-1unph17w.png TABLE III PACKET LOSS https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-mean-throughput-1mezbb7a.png TABLE II MEAN THROUGHPUT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ftp-throughput-at-node-k3-for-multi-path-3nw4ln7o.png Fig. 4. FTP throughput at node K3 for multi-path. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sinr-measurements-at-node-k2-18ups8xu.png Fig. 3. SINR measurements at node K2. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-law-enforcement-on-dispensing-antibiotics-20r1mvwo2h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-practice-of-dawp-before-and-after-the-law-3vri2bk7.png Figure 2: The practice of DAwP before and after the law enforcement https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-community-pharmacists-knowledge-and-perceptions-2jy6r9jw.png Table 2 Community pharmacists’ Knowledge and perceptions towards DAwP* https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-legalized-abortion-on-teen-childbearing-4bi8y4gp6m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-legal-abortion-exposure-for-15-19-year-olds-26y7tdtm.png Figure 2. Legal Abortion Exposure for 15–19-Year-Olds. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-identifying-the-impact-of-historical-abortion-rates-ajf92fl6.png Table 2. Identifying the Impact of Historical Abortion Rates on Birth Rates by Age and Marital Status https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-teen-birth-rates-by-marital-status-for-the-united-3ufd59ow.png Figure 1. Teen Birth Rates by Marital Status for the United States, 1950–2000. Source: Ventura S. J., T. J. Mathews, and B. E. Hamilton. “Births to Teenagers in the United States, 1940–2000.” National Vital Statistics Reports; vol. 49 no 10. (Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics, 2001). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-2t7vg9ok.png Table 1. Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-difference-in-average-unmarried-birth-rates-for-edwmd7ia.png Figure 3. (A) Difference in Average Unmarried Birth rates for Cohorts Born between 1974–1976 and 1970–1972 by In Utero Exposure to Abortion. (B) Difference in Average Married Birth rates for Cohorts Born between 1974–1976 and 1970–1972 by In Utero Exposure to Abortion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sensitivity-analysis-2dttujjr.png Table 3. Sensitivity Analysis https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-life-events-on-later-life-a-latent-class-55ev5p904f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-process-for-participants17-1-2-2smlwc0k.png Figure 1: Process for participants17. 1 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-coefficients-and-odds-ratios-for-health-1wvzg5id.png Table 3: Regression coefficients and odds ratios for health and wellbeing factors 1 within the 4 groupsa 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patterns-of-respondents-across-the-four-groups-total-17u937gp.png Table 1: Patterns of respondents across the four groups (Total=7,555) 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-mandated-corporate-social-responsibility-45lxietu4k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-difference-in-difference-estimates-of-the-impact-of-21hswnok.png Table 7: Difference-in-Difference Estimates of the Impact of Section 135 on CSR Expenditures https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-impact-on-firm-value-of-the-major-events-in-the-2gjv7406.png Table 2: The Impact on Firm Value of the Major Events in the Enactment of Section 135 – RD Estimates using Local Polynomial Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-frequency-distribution-of-firms-in-the-neighborhood-214voguy.png Figure 3: Frequency Distribution of Firms in the Neighborhood of the Net Profit Threshold (INR 40 million to INR 60 million) in Fiscal Year 2015 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-difference-in-difference-estimates-of-the-impact-of-2824f87s.png Table 8: Difference-in-Difference Estimates of the Impact of Section 135 on the Probabilities of Undertaking CSR and Advertising https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-for-cumulative-abnormal-ycc1m1ej.png Table 4: Descriptive Statistics for Cumulative Abnormal Returns (CARs) around August 6, 2010 and for Control Variables in Fiscal Year 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-placebo-tests-for-cumulative-abnormal-returns-cars-1eb9gttw.png Table 3: Placebo Tests for Cumulative Abnormal Returns (CARs) around August 6, 2010 – RD Estimates using Local Polynomial Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-placebo-test-cumulative-abnormal-returns-cars-1ahnhg5g.png Figure 2: Placebo Test – Cumulative Abnormal Returns (CARs) around August 6, 2010 in the Neighborhood of Net Profits of INR 100 million https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cumulative-abnormal-returns-cars-around-august-6-16aetlsa.png Figure 1: Cumulative Abnormal Returns (CARs) around August 6, 2010 in the Neighborhood of the Net Profit Threshold (INR 40 million to INR 60 million) https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-mgnrega-on-agricultural-outcomes-and-the-rural-n0e10d4gl9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-1-difference-in-percentage-points-over-time-in-31wnuo66.png Table 13.1: Difference (in percentage points over time) in rates of growth in real casual wages between treatment and control districts, all-India https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-summary-statistics-on-real-wages-in-inr-per-day-in-1ynjuuep.png Table 10: Summary statistics on real wages (in INR per day in 2004/5 prices) https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-1-summary-statistics-on-time-shares-in-fractions-of-33n33xxv.png Table 11.1: Summary statistics on time shares (in fractions of unit time) for males https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-2-summary-statistics-on-time-shares-in-fractions-of-3fiunhug.png Table 11.2: Summary statistics on time shares (in fractions of unit time) for females https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-statistics-on-crop-yields-in-top-3-states-76kbvtel.png Table 5: Summary statistics on crop yields in top 3 states, tonnes per hectare, 2000/1 to 2005/6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-3-impact-on-time-shares-for-females-top-3-states-sii66m7s.png Table 12.3: Impact on time shares for females, top 3 states (Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-statistics-on-cropping-patterns-in-top-3-18px5s1k.png Table 4: Summary statistics on cropping patterns in top 3 states, average share of crop acreage in total cropped area (in percent), 2000/1 to 2005/6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-difference-in-rates-of-growth-in-share-of-gross-sqq5u7ut.png Table 6: Difference in rates of growth in share of gross irrigated area in total cropped area between treatment and control districts https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-minimum-energy-efficiency-standards-some-154cn3a1yc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pre-and-post-meps-policy-scenarios-36nxkwro.png Fig. 1. Pre- and Post-MEPS policy scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variable-summaries-for-all-mees-affected-london-a29uts2q.png Table 1 Variable summaries for all MEES-affected London office units (N= 5500). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-data-filtering-flowchart-1ku59iwh.png Fig. 2. Data filtering flowchart. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-mobile-phone-penetration-on-african-inequality-8rbumtuj10 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-robustness-checks-with-a-two-stage-least-squares-anydrvj9.png Table 2: Robustness checks with a Two-Stage Least Squares approach https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-mobile-penetration-on-inequality-hac-27n2rnmi.png Table 1: Effect of mobile penetration on inequality (HAC standard errors consistent) https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-mulch-type-on-soil-organic-carbon-and-nitrogen-3l2q1cdax9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-soil-hot-water-extractable-organic-c-hweoc-hot-water-tdf9obf1.png Table 2: Soil hot-water extractable organic C (HWEOC), hot-water extractable total N (HWETN) and microbial biomass C and N (MBC and MBN) in the presence of mulching treatments under different slopes. Means followed by the lower case letters demonstrate the significance at the level P<0.05 among mulching treatments. Means with no letters indicate no significant difference of mulching treatments. Bold means shows the significance of slope position at the level P<0.05. Mean standard errors presented in the parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-soil-total-c-tc-total-n-tn-c-isotope-composition-d-f9uohmo5.png Table 1: Soil total C (TC), total N (TN), C isotope composition (δ 13 C) and isotope composition N (δ 15 N) in the presence of mulching treatments under different slopes. Means followed by the lower case letters demonstrate the significance at the level P<0.05 among mulching treatments. Means with no letters indicate no significant difference of mulching treatments. Bold means shows the significance of slope position at the level P<0.05. Mean standard errors presented in the parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-soil-moisture-under-different-mulch-treatments-in-3aqcvx6x.png Figure 1: Soil moisture under different mulch treatments in the upper, middle and lower slope position. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-coefficient-correlations-r-among-soil-variables-n-27-1lb2u3u1.png Table 4: Coefficient correlations (r) among soil variables (n=27; *P<0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-soil-nh4-n-no3-n-total-inorganic-n-tin-and-1h4a7jj9.png Table 3: Soil NH4 + -N, NO3 — -N, total inorganic N (TIN) and potentially mineralisable N (PMN) in the presence of mulching treatments under different slopes. Means followed by the lower case letters demonstrate the significance at the level P<0.05 among mulching treatments. Means with no letters indicate no significant difference of mulching treatments. Bold means shows the significance of slope position at the level P<0.05. Mean standard errors presented in the parentheses. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-multidisciplinary-team-conferences-in-urologic-39qacu93f4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-3vjq1xlp.png Table 3 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-reasons-for-changing-original-clinical-plans-2pe5lqqw.png Table 4 Reasons for changing original clinical plans https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-impact-of-mdt-conferences-on-original-clinical-plans-376twdfn.png Table 2 Impact of MDT conferences on original clinical plans according to referral specialty https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-impact-of-mdt-conferences-on-original-clinical-plans-2g61gd1j.png Table 1 Impact of MDT conferences on original clinical plans according to the type of consultation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-impact-of-mdt-conferences-on-original-clinical-plans-1g31sopk.png Table 3 (continued) https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-neighbourhood-and-municipality-characteristics-rl8xp5ack2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relationships-between-locality-characteristics-and-11vqp4l0.png Table 2 Relationships between locality characteristics and indicators of social cohesiona https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bivariate-relationships-between-locality-uakl54wv.png Table 1 Bivariate relationships between locality characteristics and indicators of social cohesiona https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-non-financial-stakeholders-on-accounting-52h9wzruwo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-and-correlations-panel-a-1idt0k9s.png Table 2. (continued) Panel B: Pearson Correlation Coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-effect-of-the-enactment-of-right-to-work-laws-on-1y0ypd72.png Table 4. The effect of the enactment of right-to-work laws on changes in conditional conservatism https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ols-regression-of-the-effect-of-labor-unions-on-1ylia2hl.png Table 3. OLS regression of the effect of labor unions on conditional conservatism https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-panel-b-pearson-correlation-coefficients-3txfq8dk.png Table 2. (continued) Panel B: Pearson Correlation Coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-most-and-least-unionized-industries-by-census-3al7w3xd.png Table 1. Most and least unionized industries by Census Industry https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-impact-of-unions-on-the-likelihood-of-massive-8pbjetju.png Table 6. Impact of unions on the likelihood of massive layoffs https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-operation-to-tool-dedications-on-factory-5gblibmdxc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-illustration-of-operation-to-machine-dedication-2balulcz.png Figure 1: An Illustration of Operation-to-Machine Dedication Solution https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-cycle-time-efficiencies-subject-to-1j8neh0p.png Table 1: Comparison of Cycle Time Efficiencies subject to fluctuations in product mix https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-model-components-definition-uz94pbt4.png Table 2: Model Components Definition https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-opening-dedicated-clinics-on-disease-29v3zz26xr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-performance-measures-for-scenarios-of-clinics-with-2iggzlr4.png Table 5. Performance measures for scenarios of clinics with different initiation of operation date, duration, or location along with baseline scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-settings-of-scenarios-1y95gn9k.png Table 3. Settings of scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-total-attack-rates-over-time-for-scen-1-no-clinics-and-33ut9ns9.png Fig 2. Total attack rates over time for SCEN 1 (no clinics) and SCEN 2 (one-year clinics). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-total-attack-rate-and-peak-prevalence-of-scenarios-1a1k67bz.png Fig 5. Total attack rate and peak prevalence of scenarios with masks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notations-of-constants-used-in-our-agent-based-2l737dkn.png Table 1. Notations of constants used in our agent-based simulation model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-total-attack-rate-and-peak-prevalence-of-scenarios-for-3vuf8yil.png Fig 8. Total attack rate and peak prevalence of scenarios for low/high visit frequency, lower worried-well proportion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-performance-measures-for-scenarios-with-masks-qwy2zn23.png Table 6. Performance measures for scenarios with masks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-total-attack-rate-and-peak-prevalence-of-scenarios-136qwaby.png Fig 4. Total attack rate and peak prevalence of scenarios with location-based clinics. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-overseas-warehouse-on-cross-border-e-commerce-47ns4ohjhg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-historical-simulation-results-with-kiqasso1.png Table 1. Comparison of historical simulation results with realistic results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-flow-diagram-of-overseas-warehouse-services-1kckp336.png Figure 1. System flow diagram of overseas warehouse services. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evolution-of-customer-satisfaction-3cuc4sai.png Figure 3. Evolution of customer satisfaction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trends-in-operating-income-2fsk53as.png Figure 2. Trends in operating income. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-changes-in-the-impact-of-parameter-adjustment-on-2u7kk2k9.png Figure 4. Changes in the impact of parameter adjustment on customer satisfaction. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-ownership-and-size-heterogeneity-on-hotel-503cp9b03f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-values-for-order-a-using-the-automatic-selection-dovn7ybi.png Table 4. Values for order-α using the automatic selection procedure (period 2002–2015). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-metafrontier-group-and-technological-gap-ratio-tgr-zzaz0vum.png Table 3. Metafrontier, group and technological gap ratio (TGR) mean estimates for each efficiency estimator (overall period). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-technical-efficiencies-estimated-with-the-jkaaxpxl.png Figure 2. Average technical efficiencies estimated with the order-α model for the sub-periods 2002–2007, 2008–2009, 2010–2013 and 2014–2015. (a) Independently operated; (b) chain-operated; (c) small- and medium-sized hotels; (d) large hotels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tourism-revenues-in-spain-millions-of-euros-source-35yd010m.png Figure 1. Tourism revenues in Spain (millions of euros). Source: DATATUR, 2010 – Subdirección General de Conocimiento y Estudios Tuŕısticos (www.iet.tourspain.es). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-technological-gap-ratio-by-type-of-ownership-hotels-3oe5ozs2.png Figure 3. Technological gap ratio by type of ownership (hotels with or without a majority shareholder). (a) CRS; (b) VRS; (c) scale; (d) FDH; (e) order-alpha. Note: CRS: constant returns to scale; VRS: variable returns to scale; FDH: free-disposal hull. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-inputs-and-outputs-in-the-period-380csj7k.png Table 2. Characteristics of inputs and outputs in the period 2002–2015. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-technological-gap-ratio-for-estimated-efficiencies-f95h9rjz.png Figure 4. Technological gap ratio for estimated efficiencies by size for large and non-large (small- and medium-sized) hotels. (a) CRS; (b) VRS; (c) scale; (d) FDH; (e) order-alpha. Note: CRS: constant returns to scale; VRS: variable returns to scale; FDH: free-disposal hull. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-canary-islands-tourist-accommodation-capacity-period-w7ab8s69.png Table 1. Canary Islands tourist accommodation capacity (period 2010–2017). https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-ozone-exposure-temperature-and-co2-on-the-4yje8596vo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-equations-and-correlation-coefficients-of-15ccqyj6.png Table 2. Regression equations and correlation coefficients of relation between the wheat varieties' 316 grain yield and ozone uptake (POD6) in ambient temperature and ambient CO2 treatments (A) and 317 combined elevated CO2 and elevated temperature treatments (CT). 318 319 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-three-diagrams-show-the-grain-yield-of-the-14jbdeps.png Fig. 8. The three diagrams show the grain yield of the treatments presented in descending order but 390 clustered by variety (please note that the treatments do not show in the same order for all varieties). 391 Alongside the yield is the 1000-grain weight, the gluten index and the total water consumption. The 392 data marks are as follow: x (1000 grain weights), ◊ (gluten index), □ (protein mass) and o (total 393 water consumption). See Fig. 1 for explanation of treatment abbreviations. 394 395 3.4.3. The plant development 396 The wheat plant varieties developed at a similar pace with differences induced by treatments 397 exemplified by the development of the Lantvete variety (Fig. 9). The majority of the differences 398 could be attributed to differences in temperature; however, periods of 5-7 days of delay of 399 development from CO2-enrichment and ozone exposure could be detected at different times during 400 growth, mostly in the lower temperature treatments. 401 https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-patenting-on-new-product-introductions-in-the-2nrazh1t4q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-b-marginal-effects-for-citation-weighted-patenting-es74297f.png Table 6(b): Marginal effects for citation-weighted patenting and new FDA approved product introductions https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-b-marginal-effects-for-patenting-and-new-fda-u0ic2u9y.png Table 5(b): Marginal effects for patenting and new FDA approved product introductions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-and-correlation-matrix-1lnv4qax.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics and correlation matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-between-patent-applications-and-new-1qh1lbsr.png Table 3: Correlation between patent applications and new product introduction https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-a-citation-weighted-patenting-and-new-fda-approved-33s7st3l.png Table 6(b): Marginal effects for citation-weighted patenting and new FDA approved product introductions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-total-number-of-exclusivity-years-remaining-for-all-3asd5uih.png Fig. 1. Total number of exclusivity years remaining for all unique patented products identified in the Food and Drug Administration Orange Book for the period 1990 to 2001. Neither includes extensions to exclusivity stemming from litigation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-total-number-of-drug-candidates-in-the-various-stages-1l048duy.png Fig. 2. Total number of drug candidates in the various stages of clinical research identified in the new drug approved (NDA) pipeline for the sample firms over the time period 1990 to 2001. Data comes from both Pharmaprojects and NDA Pipeline. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-new-fda-approved-product-introductions-1mo26v2z.png Table 4: New FDA approved product introductions https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-plaque-type-on-strut-embedment-protrusion-and-2bvgdg31e8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-in-the-illustration-embedment-distances-were-2pcovn9l.png Figure 2 In the illustration, embedment distances were demonstrated for each group. Mean WSS for each group was shown in the lower OCT cross-section panels. P-values come from mixed effects analysis for the comparison of embedment distances between plaque types. In lipid-rich plaques, the struts embedment was deeper than in other plaque types. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-representative-oct-cross-sections-left-panels-with-2rl6k4tc.png Figure 3 Representative OCT cross sections (left panels) with WSS contour overlay (right panels). Fibrous plaques were associated with higher strut protrusion distances that induced very low WSS (shown by the color contour overlay) due to flow obstruction and the formation of recirculation zones (A1, A2). Lipid-rich fibroatheromatous plaques allowed deeper strut embedment which induced less flow disruption in the vicinity of the struts resulting in low WSS gradient between top of the struts and inter-strut zones (B1, B2). Due to poor penetration in non-compliant calcified plaques, flow disruption induced higher gradients between the top of the struts and inter-strut zones (C1, C2). Small insert in each panel shows close-up view around struts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-the-studied-population-3vco9aci.png Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the studied population (N5 14, lesion515) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-procedural-characteristics-2kn4cu11.png Table 2 Procedural characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-there-was-an-inverse-linear-correlation-between-the-213d1luh.png Figure 4 There was an inverse linear correlation between the median WSS and strut protrusion distances. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cross-section-level-embedment-protrusion-and-wss-2e82oqvi.png Table 5 Cross-section level embedment/protrusion and WSS according to the plaque type https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-pelvic-floor-muscles-exercises-with-and-2u7so0esmu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-comparison-of-the-results-of-studies-carried-out-2o8ve3pk.png Table 2. The comparison of the results of studies carried out by means of ICIQ LUTS qol among patients from groups A and B after the application of stage 1 SUI therapy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-features-of-the-studied-group-a-and-b-3k2hnfh1.png Table 1. The features of the studied group A and B. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-a-two-way-analysis-of-variance-group-x-time-for-iciq-132fxkqz.png Table 3. A two-way analysis of variance (group x time) for ICIQ LUTS qol. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-personalized-feedback-on-marijuana-use-116ckqefiu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-standard-deviations-for-screening-27l4rd5w.png Table 1: Means and standard deviations for screening variables amongst enrolled participants versus those who chose not to enroll 50 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-participant-characteristics-by-condition-and-family-2bca1mu2.png Table 7: Participant characteristics by condition and family history of substance abuse over time 56 https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-power-and-relationship-commitment-on-the-2ip4rcjrgn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conceptual-framework-37lsx06m.png Fig. 1. Conceptual framework. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-basic-information-about-customers-1tlvnasi.png Table 3 Basic information about customers https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-results-of-hypothesis-tests-2t4dxb82.png Table 7 Results of hypothesis tests https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-structural-equation-model-iudb36ws.png Fig. 3. Structural equation model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-reliability-analysis-3aa7837o.png Table 6 Reliability analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-factor-analysis-of-relationship-commitment-and-27qtd1w8.png Table 5 Factor analysis of relationship commitment and customer integration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-propose-34roprhl.png Fig. 2. Propose https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-factor-analysis-of-power-3prdz2bo.png Table 4 Factor analysis of power https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-power-market-structure-on-co2-cost-pass-1ooi19ifj4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pass-through-of-carbon-costs-under-full-competition-fa-1yw5azxa.png Fig. 5. Pass-through of carbon costs under full competition fa https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pass-through-of-carbon-costs-under-full-competition-21wxuiyk.png Fig. 1. Pass-through of carbon costs under full competition versus monopoly, facing constant marginal costs and linear demand. Note: S0 is the supply (i.e., marginal cost) curve excluding carbon costs, while S1 includes carbon costs. D is the demand curve, while MR is the marginal revenue curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-pass-through-of-carbon-costs-in-a-competitive-market-8err2ft1.png Fig. 6. Pass-through of carbon costs in a competitive market facing perfectly inelastic demand during peak and off-peak hours, including a change in the merit order. Note: Technology A is characterised by low marginal (fuel) costs before emissions trading and a high emission factor, while technology B has opposite characteristics, i.e., high marginal costs before emissions trading and a low emissions factor. The shaded areas represent carbon costs per technology, depending on their emission factor and the actual carbon price. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pass-through-of-carbon-costs-under-full-competition-p8nc361f.png Fig. 3. Pass-through of carbon costs under full competition versus https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-cost-pass-through-formulas-for-different-15o8erpm.png Table 1 Overview of cost pass-through formulas for different market structures, assuming profit maxim https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pass-through-of-carbon-costs-under-full-competition-3fuusvp4.png Fig. 4. Pass-through of carbon costs under full competition versus monopoly, facing variable marginal costs and iso-elastic demand. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-puritan-ideology-on-aspects-of-project-3pl4j2dzdz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-evolution-of-puritan-memes-and-their-influence-21e8wi6w.png Figure 1 – The evolution of Puritan memes and their influence on PM https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-public-information-on-bidding-in-highway-tmc6ij1izl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-state-policies-on-ece-information-release-3kuw5m1a.png Table 1 State policies on ECE information release https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-alternate-specifications-and-robustness-checks-1nmli70j.png Table 8 Alternate specifications and robustness checks https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-statistics-for-asphalt-and-bridge-work-2kxgd9yl.png Table 4 Summary statistics for asphalt and bridge work projects https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimates-of-bid-dispersion-model-3fpvkmxg.png Table 6 Estimates of bid dispersion model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-auction-summary-statistics-for-oklahoma-and-texas-1xl0gyko.png Table 2 Auction summary statistics for Oklahoma and Texas https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-quantile-regression-estimates-for-relative-bids-3qaxwp7l.png Table 7 Quantile regression estimates for relative bids https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-panel-fixed-effects-differences-in-differences-3gkecm3q.png Table 3 Panel-fixed effects differences-in-differences estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-number-of-bidders-analysis-3vrcmq27.png Table 9 Number of bidders analysis https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-quality-foundational-skills-on-youth-5av6f4ekbi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-gender-agriculture-and-assets-project-gaap-4y027pke.png Figure 1. The Gender, Agriculture, and Assets Project (GAAP) Conceptual Framework https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-trends-in-median-years-of-schooling-among-rural-1gbm817g.png Figure 11. Trends in median years of schooling among rural youth aged 15-24 years https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-trends-in-employment-among-rural-youth-aged-15-24-36w25l4w.png Figure 12. Trends in employment among rural youth aged 15-24 years https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-trends-in-marriage-union-among-rural-youth-aged-15-qsr79d8i.png Figure 10. Trends in marriage/union among rural youth aged 15-24 years, by gender https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-per-cent-of-rural-youth-aged-15-24-years-currently-1fuuuvlz.png Figure 8. Per cent of rural youth (aged 15-24 years) currently in school, employed or NEET, by gender and structural transformation typology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-per-cent-of-ever-married-rural-youth-by-age-group-2rp4z34h.png Figure 4. Per cent of ever-married rural youth, by age group, gender and structural transformation typology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-per-cent-of-ever-married-rural-youth-aged-15-24-3tytpn2v.png Figure 3. Per cent of ever-married rural youth (aged 15-24 years), by gender and structural transformation typology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-rural-youth-aged-15-24-years-by-2teex6lq.png Figure 2. Distribution of rural youth (aged 15-24 years) by relationship to the head of household, by gender and structural transformation typology https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-ranker-quality-on-rank-aggregation-algorithms-3v8bgyt2z1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-matrix-of-objects-and-their-values-in-our-framework-zootp9eq.png Figure 1: Matrix of objects and their values in our framework https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bi-partisan-local-optimization-under-a-precision-2lu0fgtz.png Figure 4: Bi-partisan Local Optimization under (a) precision error measure, (b) Kendall-tau error measure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-local-optimization-with-2-manipulated-rankers-under-3t8kez19.png Figure 5: Local Optimization with 2 manipulated rankers under (a) precision error measure, (b) Kendall-tau error measure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-baseline-comparison-with-local-optimization-under-a-1xtqv0y3.png Figure 3: Baseline Comparison with Local Optimization under (a) precision error measure, (b) Kendall-tau error measure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-baseline-comparison-of-aggregation-methods-under-a-7ulherfp.png Figure 2: Baseline Comparison of Aggregation Methods under (a) precision error measure, (b) recall error measure, (c) Kendall-tau error measure, (d) footrule error measure https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-r-d-activities-on-exports-of-german-business-13w0v7u5r8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-estimated-dose-response-functions-of-the-treatment-pzkmssbe.png Figure 1: Estimated dose-response functions of the treatment share of engineers and scientists in t on the outcome export intensity in t+1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-determinants-of-the-share-of-engineers-and-3acenzh1.png Table 2: Determinants of the share of engineers and scientists in t (endogenous variable) – results of fractional logit models https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-export-and-r-d-activities-of-business-services-1gf7ev5l.png Table 1: Export and R&D activities of business services enterprises 2003 - 2005 https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-quality-uncertainty-without-asymmetric-d6bkj56c70 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-price-evolution-in-4-random-social-networks-with-100-2lfg7di6.png Fig. 4. Price evolution in 4 random social networks with 100 buyers, 100 sellers, and different number of random links. Quality distribution q∼exp(1), λind=0.25, λsoc=0.25. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-across-1000-random-networks-in-every-case-2ldpecn8.png Fig. 5. Average (across 1000 random networks in every case) sales at trading session 500, measured in models with different λind and number of random links, with 100 buyers, 100 sellers, λsoc=0.4 and q∼exp(1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-across-1000-random-networks-in-every-case-1mhhuu8t.png Fig. 6. Average (across 1000 random networks in every case) sales at trading session 500, measured in models with different λsoc and number of random links, with 100 buyers, 100 sellers, λind=0.4 and q∼exp(1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effects-of-quality-variability-on-total-surplus-top-21j10y2z.png Fig. 3. Effects of quality variability on total surplus (top), buyers' surplus (middle) and sellers' surplus (bottom). The dotted line shows the reference situation (no quality variability). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effects-of-quality-variability-on-demand-quality-2qmpaf60.png Fig. 1. Effects of quality variability on demand. Quality distribution: q∼U[0, 2]. There are 100 unconnected buyers (individual learning). The initial demand (n=0) is linear. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effects-of-quality-variability-on-price-level-top-17lcc4q6.png Fig. 2. Effects of quality variability on price level (top), traded volume (middle) and average expected quality (bottom). The dotted line shows the reference situation (no quality variability). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-price-evolution-in-a-market-model-with-a-star-shaped-1kbck211.png Fig. 8. Price evolution in a market model with a star-shaped social network. The standard reservation value of the central buyer is 25. Conditions: 100 buyers, 100 sellers, λind=0.4, λsoc=0.4, q∼U(0, 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-price-evolution-in-a-market-model-with-a-star-shaped-2x7mpiza.png Fig. 7. Price evolution in a market model with a star-shaped social network. The standard reservation value of the central buyer is 63. Conditions: 100 buyers, 100 sellers, λind=0.4, λsoc=0.4, q∼U(0, 2). https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-relative-grade-expectations-on-student-2ee85ey5vd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-results-sample-selection-equation-3ctgrqa4.png Table 2: Regression results: sample selection equation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-standard-deviations-fv4al0ry.png Table 1: Means and standard deviations https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-retail-rate-structures-on-the-economics-1m6j81uy3j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-value-of-pv-after-rate-switching-ladwp-gszbw505.png Table 12. Value of PV After Rate Switching: LADWP https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-value-of-pv-after-rate-switching-smud-2055i9u5.png Table 16. Value of PV After Rate Switching: SMUD https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-normalized-value-of-demand-charge-savings-2ji3wima.png Figure 15. Normalized Value of Demand Charge Savings https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-list-of-rates-included-in-analysis-2ekl0wj3.png Table 5. List of Rates Included in Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-the-impact-of-summer-peak-tod-demand-charges-on-2frx0mbd.png Figure 19. The Impact of Summer Peak TOD Demand Charges on Normalized Demand Charge Savings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-demand-and-energy-savings-at-75-pv-penetration-23x1z9mg.png Figure 9. Demand and Energy Savings at 75% PV Penetration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-gross-cost-of-electricity-by-bill-component-35d4v5rc.png Figure 10. Gross Cost of Electricity by Bill Component https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-customer-load-and-pv-production-data-3qorenox.png Table 10. Customer Load and PV Production Data Characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-road-grade-on-carbon-dioxide-co2-emission-of-a-4hpbvb19cd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pems-measured-section-co2-emissions-versus-section-jw6ndve4.png Figure 3. PEMS Measured Section CO2 Emissions versus Section Average Speed (n=384). EFT 314 Polynomial is the Emission Factor Toolkit (EFT) average speed emission function for the vehicltype 315 (R012, Car <2.5 t, Petrol, 1400-2000 cc, Euro 4) (DEFRA, 2009)316 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-phemg-calculated-gco2-km-emission-versus-pems-dq7v5ok4.png Figure 6. PHEMG Calculated gCO2/km Emission versus PEMS Recorded gCO2/km Measurements 434 for the Headingley Test Sections. 435 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-vehicle-distance-speed-profiles-for-the-fastest-2rsq2i77.png Figure 2. (a) Vehicle Distance - Speed Profiles for the Fastest and Slowest Recorded Laps and 297 (b) Elevation Profile 298 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-phem-modelled-co2-emission-as-a-percentage-of-the-2k7vh3vq.png Figure 5. PHEM modelled CO2 emission as a percentage of the PEMS measured emission for each of 414 the 48 test laps and sections, under the two road grade scenarios PHEM0 and PHEMG. 415 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-phem-co2-emission-calculation-under-five-road-grade-3ujpgv0g.png Table 2. PHEM CO2 Emission Calculation under five road grade scenarios. 478 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-percentage-change-in-the-phem-aggregate-total-co2-1o5d8cid.png Figure 7. Percentage Change in the PHEM Aggregate Total CO2 Emission between PHEM0G and 493 PHEMG modelled with each Road Grade Coefficient, over the Combined Sections. 494 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-pearson-correlation-coefficient-r-ncl4phie.png Table 1. Summary of the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) values between VSP and PEMS 347 measured CO2 emission for each of the 48 test laps. VSP calculated both with (VSPG) and without 348 (VSP0) road grade. 349 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-box-plots-of-the-test-sections-gco2-km-average-1iwo33cc.png Figure 4. Box Plots of the Test Sections gCO2/km, Average Speed and Vehicle Speed Coefficient of 333 Variation measurements, over the 48 Test Runs 334 https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-retail-rate-structures-on-the-economics-of-3aasbhbqjq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-commercial-rate-schedules-included-in-analysis-uxxzz50o.png Table 1. Commercial Rate Schedules Included in Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multiple-linear-regression-model-of-the-rate-2r1vbzge.png Table 2. Multiple Linear Regression Model of the Rate-Reduction Value of Commercial PV https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-modeled-change-in-the-value-of-pv-based-on-the-1qn3ivhr.png Figure 8. Modeled Change in the Value of PV Based on the Range of Each Factor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-value-of-pv-at-different-levels-of-penetration-by-2ilqlgle.png Figure 1. Value of PV at Different Levels of Penetration, by Rate Structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effective-capacity-of-pv-systems-average-monthly-130cgs9q.png Figure 5. Effective Capacity of PV Systems: Average Monthly Summer Peak Period Reduction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-customer-choice-of-energy-focused-rates-at-varying-1xn6vewv.png Figure 9. Customer Choice of Energy-Focused Rates at Varying Levels of PV Penetration https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rate-options-for-different-customer-classes-28nkru0z.png Table 3. Rate Options for Different Customer Classes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-normalized-demand-charge-savings-for-different-load-1rvk69sz.png Figure 6. Normalized Demand Charge Savings for Different Load Shapes https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-school-culture-on-schools-pupil-well-being-3v7kh69hsu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-path-model-1bk4hf9s.png Figure 2: Path Model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-model-u6r29owy.png Figure 1: Conceptual model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-the-variance-analyses-on-the-basis-of-1rfodx3a.png Table 4: Results of the variance analyses on the basis of clusters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-parameters-and-psychometric-1cmxtgoc.png Table 2: Descriptive parameters and psychometric characteristics: the scales for ‘school culture’. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-the-hierarchical-clustering-22cv63zr.png Table 3: Results of the hierarchical clustering. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-sample-volume-in-random-search-on-the-bbob-3z7twrdjd5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-empirical-cumulative-distribution-of-simulated-3hd349vz.png Figure 2: Empirical cumulative distribution of simulated (bootstrapped) runtimes, measured in number of objective function evaluations, divided by dimension (FEvals/DIM) for the 51 targets 10[−8..2] in dimension 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-empirical-cumulative-distribution-of-simulated-3vn4yxf4.png Figure 3: Empirical cumulative distribution of simulated (bootstrapped) runtimes, measured in number of objective function evaluations, divided by dimension (FEvals/DIM) for the 51 targets 10[−8..2] in dimension 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bootstrapped-empirical-cumulative-distribution-of-2nv5emt0.png Figure 4: Bootstrapped empirical cumulative distribution of the number of objective function evaluations divided by dimension (FEvals/DIM) for 51 targets with target precision in 10[−8..2] for all functions and subgroups in 5-D. As reference algorithm, the best algorithm from BBOB 2009 is shown as light thick line with diamond markers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bootstrapped-empirical-cumulative-distribution-of-3n78v142.png Figure 5: Bootstrapped empirical cumulative distribution of the number of objective function evaluations divided by dimension (FEvals/DIM) for 51 targets with target precision in 10[−8..2] for all functions and subgroups in 20-D. As reference algorithm, the best algorithm from BBOB 2009 is shown as light thick line with diamond markers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-empirical-cumulative-distribution-functions-of-31eq500a.png Figure 1: Empirical cumulative distribution functions of runtimes in dimensions 3, 5, 10, and 20 (from le to right) for various random search variants, aggregated over all 24 bbob functions and 51 target precisions 100 . . . 10−8. e first row shows the standard random search, sampling uniformly in [−α,α]n with α indicated in the algorithm name RS-α while the second row shows the variants with the origin evaluated first. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-empirical-cumulative-distribution-functions-of-the-1v0kv73a.png Figure 6: Empirical cumulative distribution functions of the runtime to reach certain targets on the Griewank-Rosenbrock function for the random search variants without (first and third plot) and with evaluating the origin first (second and forth) in dimension (le two plots) and dimension 10 (right two plots). https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-seawater-calcite-saturation-state-by-modifying-e7pe2a2but 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-number-of-new-chambers-and-new-rows-of-chambers-for-a-294nd3op.png Fig. 4. Number of new chambers and new rows of chambers for A. tepidaandH. depressa, respectively, added during two months versus . Error bars are standard errors of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-trace-element-to-ca-ratios-in-calcite-versus-seawater-2gdi715s.png Fig. 5. Trace element to Ca ratios in calcite versus seawater for(a, b) magnesium and(c) strontium. Grey squares correspond toH. depressa, whereas the black dots correspond toA. tepida. Lines going through the origin correspond to D values indicated. Error bars (2σ) are based on multiple measurements and variability during the duration of the experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-shelldmg-in-relation-to-the-mg-ca-ratio-of-seawater-3gp7rgc4.png Fig. 8. ShellDMg in relation to the Mg/Ca ratio of seawater. The extrapolated potential fit through the data forH. depressaexhibits a similar shape as found by Segev and Erez (2006) forAmphistegina lobifera (widely dashed line) andA. lessonii(closely dashed line) and by Mucci and Morse (1983) for inorganic calcite overgrowths (dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-heterostegina-depressaunder-a-fluorescence-microscope-1qk5mbkk.png Fig. 1. Heterostegina depressaunder a fluorescence microscope after excitation. Shell calcite marked with calcein (green) was built prior to the experiment. The younger (newly formed) non-marked chambers were formed during the experiment and were analysed with LA-ICP-MS. Scale bar is 100 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-culturing-conditions-mg-ca-and-sr-ca-3s4csx84.png Table 1. Experimental culturing conditions, Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios and partition coefficients forH. depressa. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-culturing-conditions-mg-ca-and-sr-ca-2czdcchr.png Table 2. Experimental culturing conditions, Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios and partition coefficients forA. tepida. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-relation-betweendmg-of-cultured-foraminifers-and-p7smlhmr.png Fig. 6. Relation betweenDMg of cultured foraminifers and calcite saturation state of the media for(a) H. depressaand(b) A. tepida. Error bars represent standard deviations (2σ). The partition coefficientsDMg of both species decrease with increasing . The grey data point in (b) is considered an outlier (see text for details). Additionally plotted are the data of Russell at al. (2004) for the planktic speciesOrbulina universa(crosses) andG. bulloides(squares), as well as theG. ruber(stars) data from Kιsak̈urek et al. (2008).(c) Partition coefficient for Sr (DSr) plotted versus . Black circles correspond toA. tepida, grey squares correspond toH. depressa. Data are plotted along with strontium data forO. universa(crosses) from Russell et al. (2004). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sem-pictures-showing-the-shell-surface-ofa-tepidagrown-38iee2nm.png Fig. 7. SEM pictures showing the shell surface ofA. tepidagrown in the solutions with(a) natural [Ca2+] and(b) the highest [Ca2+]. The surface in (a) shows a detailed structure of tiny calcite needles, whereas the shell in (b) is covered with a crusted veneer of an unidentified phase. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-simulation-on-knowledge-and-performance-gain-fn5fo551bl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulation-performance-evaluation-rubric-2bk4ndqk.png Table 1. Simulation Performance Evaluation Rubric https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-change-scores-1uza6ew1.png Table 2. Change Scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-2b27m9mh.png Table 3. Correlations https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-social-information-on-visual-judgments-13sr9f0ijv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-layout-for-linear-association-task-2h2iecbi.png Figure 3: Layout for linear association task. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-design-32da1omm.png Figure 1: Experimental Design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-log-absolute-errors-across-30-linear-association-18zpxubr.png Figure 4: Log absolute errors across 30 linear association tasks (pre-bootstrapping), with expected pattern in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-log-absolute-error-measures-for-control-target-34m9ata2.png Figure 2: Mean log absolute error measures for control, Target M, and Target 1SD conditions of proportion task. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-log-absolute-error-measures-for-control-target-cgqpgap8.png Figure 5: Mean log absolute error measures for control, Target M, and Target 1SD conditions of linear association task (above), and regrouped Farther and Closer conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-superstar-firms-on-the-labor-share-evidence-38ull1izr2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-1ansl515.png Table 1: Summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-predictions-of-the-superstar-firm-model-10kx37ii.png Table 3: Summary of predictions of the superstar firm model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-remuneration-and-value-added-jsbvpy99.png Figure 2: Evolution of remuneration and value added https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-decline-of-the-belgian-labor-share-zphyovu5.png Table 2: Estimated decline of the Belgian labor share https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-shows-one-coefficient-for-each-sector-this-345g0w1w.png Figure 5 shows one coefficient for each sector. This coefficient results from estimating the sectorspecific 𝛽𝑠 from equation (2). We display the coefficient with the corresponding 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-strategic-white-matter-hyperintensity-lesion-1n130kcims 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bayesian-network-analysis-for-strategic-white-24yfja1s.png FIGURE 1. Bayesian network analysis for strategic white matter hyperintensities with Modified Boston Naming Test. The left cingulum of the cingulate gyrus, age, sex, and education has a direct connection to the Modified Boston Naming Test. Bold black arrows indicate confidence level above 50% and numbers indicate the confidence level of the arcs as determined by 1,000 bootstrap replications. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-association-between-white-matter-5nfywknl.png TABLE 3. Association Between White Matter HyperintensitiesVolume Within 10 White Matter Tracts Separate for Left and Right Hemisphere With Language and Its Specific Tests (Verbal Fluency and Modified Boston Naming Test) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-study-sample-3oce6tsu.png TABLE 1. Characteristics of the Study Sample https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-sustained-attention-on-labor-market-outcomes-4je1j9tc99 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1a-descriptive-statistics-unmatched-sample-10c2suxc.png Table 1B – Descriptive Statistics Matched Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-1b-descriptive-statistics-matched-sample-84ztcnrb.png Table 1B – Descriptive Statistics Matched Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-matching-results-for-log-annual-income-regressions-1qhbk81l.png Table 2 – Matching Results for Log Annual Income Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-matching-results-for-educational-attainment-34pmnlvq.png Table 6 - Matching Results for Educational Attainment https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-matching-results-for-white-collar-regressions-1sv4evex.png Table 5 - Matching Results for White Collar Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-8c-robustness-checks-3qw4dok5.png Table 8C – Robustness Checks https://scispace.com/figures/table-8b-robustness-checks-mhez8tmi.png Table 8C – Robustness Checks https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-falsification-tests-27sgo0fy.png Table 9 – Falsification Tests https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-surgical-aortic-valve-replacement-on-quality-24h3e9wr16 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-baseline-operative-and-postoperative-characteristics-3ul2lx9a.png TABLE 3. Baseline, operative, and postoperative characteristics of responders and nonresponders https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-tax-and-transfer-systems-on-children-in-the-rqewb1jb24 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spending-on-child-contingent-transfers-and-tax-232n40pw.png Figure 5 Spending on child contingent transfers and tax concessions in EU15 in 2001: per child spending on all children and poor children as a proportion of per-capita household disposable income (%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2a-the-distribution-of-taxes-and-transfers-across-age-7b39gw2e.png Figure 2a The distribution of taxes and transfers across age groups: countries with child poverty rates lower than five percent https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-child-poverty-severity-fgt1-in-eu15-in-2001-with-4oq26hr6.png Figure 8 Child poverty severity (FGT1) in EU15 in 2001, with and without child-contingent incomes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-proportion-of-children-in-eu15-sharing-their-18ycywa2.png Table 2 The proportion of children in EU15 sharing their household with adults in addition to their parents https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-social-expenditure-on-family-benefits-in-eu15-291frdm5.png Table 1 Social Expenditure on Family Benefits in EU15 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-government-resources-for-children-in-the-eu15-using-31g8ckx9.png Figure 6 Government resources for children in the EU15 using four different measures, 2001 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spending-on-child-contingent-net-transfers-and-tax-124tisdv.png Figure 3 Spending on child contingent net transfers and tax concessions in EU15 in 2001: per child spending as a proportion of per-capita household disposable income (%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2b-the-distribution-of-taxes-and-transfers-across-age-1vr43rwl.png Figure 2a The distribution of taxes and transfers across age groups: countries with child poverty rates lower than five percent https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-the-1990-s-economic-boom-on-less-educated-147cme2x74 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-2dus1rng.png Table 2, continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-categorization-of-commuting-zones-and-sample-size-1ybatfy0.png Table 1 Categorization of Commuting Zones and Sample Size https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-5-1998-weekly-wage-estimation-with-local-1xewtmzu.png Table A.5: 1998 Weekly Wage Estimation With Local Unemployment Rate – More Than High School Education https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-1998-employment-estimation-with-local-unemployment-3qpsjc3v.png Table A.3: 1998 Employment Estimation With Local Unemployment Rate – High School Education or Less https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-4-1998-hourly-wage-estimation-with-local-37kvtmmc.png Table A.4: 1998 Hourly Wage Estimation With Local Unemployment Rate – More Than High School Education https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-1998-hourly-wage-estimation-with-local-ner181oy.png Table A.1: 1998 Hourly Wage Estimation With Local Unemployment Rate – High School Education or Less https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-6-1998-employment-estimation-with-local-unemployment-160ss576.png Table A.6: 1998 Employment Estimation With Local Unemployment Rate – More Than High School Education https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-1998-weekly-wage-estimation-with-local-31850lbz.png Table A.2: 1998 Weekly Wage Estimation With Local Unemployment Rate – High School Education or Less https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-the-great-recession-on-health-related-risk-2tp3t2a9nb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ames-health-outcomes-morbidity-2y1upu2o.png Table 3. AMEs Health Outcomes: Morbidity https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ames-health-risks-and-behaviours-ii-smoking-and-1577hj12.png Table 2. AMEs Health Risks and Behaviours (II): Smoking and Alcohol https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ames-health-risks-and-behaviours-i-diet-and-bmi-12gxbfwu.png Table 1. AMEs Health Risks and Behaviours (I): Diet and BMI https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-the-small-business-lending-fund-on-community-1ifuorkcji 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-yearly-changes-in-small-business-lending-82t1wwnt.png Table 3: Yearly changes in small business lending https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pooled-regression-results-1owld1fc.png Table 2: Pooled regression results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-medians-of-participant-and-non-participant-hb7ss6wa.png Table 1: Means and Medians of Participant and Non-Participant Banks https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-difference-regressions-2z6vbzgs.png Table 5: Difference regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-yearly-regression-results-2006-2013-h4qvmyl1.png Table 4: Yearly regression results, 2006 – 2013 https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-the-u-s-debit-card-interchange-fee-caps-on-3dgobjgzjn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-included-issuers-1zw9lp6m.png Table 2: Included Issuers https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-implied-change-in-market-capitalization-totaled-2f21eao2.png Table 6: Implied Change in Market Capitalization, Totaled Across firms https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-results-for-models-using-portfolio-1no3gsxx.png Table 4: Regression Results for Models using Portfolio Returns https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-total-impact-of-the-durbin-amendment-based-on-xkvbnum6.png Table 7: Total Impact of the Durbin Amendment, Based on December 16, 2010 Event https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-included-retailers-8rp3jszb.png Table 1: Included Retailers https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-value-of-selected-parameters-in-baseline-model-be176hu2.png Table 10: Value of Selected Parameters in Baseline Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-estimated-consumer-welfare-effect-under-alternative-1kwjsa3r.png Table 11: Estimated Consumer Welfare Effect under Alternative Parameter Values https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-results-for-models-using-firm-level-37m18s5u.png Table 5: Regression Results for Models using Firm-Level Returns https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-topological-and-graphical-choices-on-the-25fz4fxqe5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-35-real-world-diagram-6-2tfz4uoy.png Figure 35: Real-world diagram 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-comparitive-mean-times-2e42eoa2.png Figure 17: Comparitive mean times. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-real-world-diagram-11-1h8xsfph.png Figure 11: Real-world diagram 11. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-31-real-world-diagram-2-2youa1i8.png Figure 31: Real-world diagram 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-non-well-formed-euler-diagrams-2wnkgm18.png Figure 3: Non well-formed Euler diagrams. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-guided-diagram-3-1e6ymbwk.png Figure 12: Guided diagram 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-guided-diagram-5-pabgkj5t.png Figure 13: Guided diagram 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-original-diagram-5-19-s5toexyb.png Figure 22: Original diagram 5 [19]. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-the-world-s-25-most-endangered-primates-list-209hogxj5k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-publishers-used-for-the-data-mining-analysis-1tt1ccbc.png Table 1: List of publishers used for the data mining analysis on scientific publication. Search of the species name (either Top 25 species or control) was done either on the full text or on the keywords of scientific articles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-latin-and-common-species-names-in-media-causal-2a5rojgu.png Table 2: Latin and Common species names in media. Causal impact analysis results for search of Latin and Common species included in the Top 25 list 2012-2014 on Google News, Google Blogs and Twitter with a pre-period before the official lunch of one month and a post-intervention period after the official launch of either one month or one week. The absolute average effect is the estimated average causal effect across post-intervention period. The absolute cumulative effect is determined as the difference between the predicted and actual value, i.e., the additional publications following the inclusion in the Top 25 list. The relative effect shows the percentage of increase or decrease following the intervention from the predicted values. All effects are reported with their 95% CI. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-top-25-inclusion-on-media-counts-of-2qrtdjq1.png Figure 2: Effect of Top 25 inclusion on media. Counts of mentions on Google Blogs, Google News and Twitter of Latin name species and keywords related to the list one month before and one month after the official launch of the Top 25 list (24th of November 2015). The post-intervention period (following the launch) of one month and of one week are highlighted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-top-25-inclusion-on-scientific-1i5xotgb.png Figure 1: Effect of Top 25 inclusion on scientific publications. Posterior effect size of Causal Impact analysis for each Top 25 primate species included in the 6 Top 25 lists from 2000-2002 to 2010-2012 on scientific publications containing at least once their Latin names. Effect size containing only positive values are in blue, containing both positive and negative value are in grey and containing only negative value are in red. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-top-25-related-keywords-in-media-causal-impact-1yr5wsx8.png Table 3: Top 25 related keywords in media. Causal impact analysis results for search of keywords (e.g. top 25 primates, primate in peril) included in the Top 25 list 2012-2014 on Google News, Google Blogs and Twitter with a pre-period before the official lunch of one month and a post-intervention period after the official launch of either one month or one week. The absolute average effect is the estimated average causal effect across post-intervention period. The absolute cumulative effect is determined as the difference between the predicted and actual value, i.e., the additional publications following the inclusion in the Top 25 list. The relative effect shows the percentage of increase or decrease following the intervention from the predicted values. All effects are reported with their 95% CI. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-the-yield-curve-on-bank-equity-returns-2oat2u8l0z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fixed-effects-panel-models-dependent-variable-excess-1g1jsbys.png Table 4: Fixed Effects Panel Models. Dependent Variable: excess bank-stock returns, subsample period 1997M1-2007M12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fixed-effects-panel-models-with-asymmetric-yield-18f85srv.png Table 3: Fixed Effects Panel Models with asymmetric yield curve spread impacts. Dependent Variable: excess bank-stock returns, full sample period 1997M1-2018M8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-fixed-effects-panel-models-dependent-variable-excess-2n0su9fb.png Table 5: Fixed Effects Panel Models. Dependent Variable: excess bank-stock returns, subsample period 2009M1- 2018M8. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-fixed-effects-panel-models-with-lagged-yield-curve-3i4kca7p.png Table 6: Fixed Effects Panel Models with lagged yield curve spread impacts. Dependent Variable: excess bank-stock returns, full sample period 1997M1-2018M8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fixed-effects-panel-models-dependent-variable-excess-3uw0zh6u.png Table 2: Fixed Effects Panel Models. Dependent Variable: excess bank-stock returns, full sample period 1997M1-2018M8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-fixed-effects-panel-models-robustness-checks-with-1hmrhon0.png Table 7: Fixed Effects Panel Models- robustness checks with Fama-French 3-factor model, AQR data & lagged (+) and (-) changes of YC spreads. Dependent Variable: excess bank-stock returns, full sample period 1997M1-2018M8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-descriptive-statistics-model-variables-1eztl168.png Table 1: Summary Descriptive Statistics Model Variables https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-using-different-wood-qualities-and-wood-2mkcnyl3rq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-analysis-of-size-distribution-of-wood-chips-from-3q2xnjwl.png Figure 4: Analysis of size distribution of wood chips from different wood species using the ScanChip analyzer. The figure shows the fractions of wood chips as a function of (A) length, (B) width, and (C) thickness. Aspen, SL19, solid light green line, filled squares https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematical-image-of-wood-chip-indicating-the-1jgtmnpi.png Figure 1: Schematical image of wood chip indicating the orientation of fibers in relation to length, width, and thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-analysis-of-size-distribution-of-wood-chips-with-222qw5l9.png Figure 2: Analysis of size distribution of wood chips with different moisture content using the ScanChip analyzer. The figure shows the fractions of wood chips as a function of (A) length, (B) width, and https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-data-for-wood-chips-produced-using-frozen-wood-logs-wgh6848f.png Table 3: Data for wood chips produced using frozen wood logs of different tree species (SL23 or SL19 using velocity 30ms−1).a https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-for-wood-chips-produced-using-frozen-and-myh3kqrv.png Table 2: Data for wood chips produced using frozen and unfrozen wood logs of Scots pine and settings SL26.a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-analysis-of-size-distribution-of-wood-chips-with-3as94ke5.png Figure 3: Analysis of size distribution of wood chips with different moisture content using the ScanChip analyzer. The figure shows the fractions of wood chips as a function of (A) length, (B) width, and (C) thickness: 27ms−1, unfrozen wood logs, solid light orange https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-for-norway-spruce-wood-chips-produced-using-2hlmu0vs.png Table 1: Data for Norway spruce wood chips produced using unfrozen wood logs with different moisture content (SL23, velocity 30ms−1).a https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-using-social-media-data-in-crime-rate-4qakiwkm2h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kernel-density-of-social-media-messages-and-violent-2irr1i8t.png Figure 1. Kernel density of social media messages and violent crime contours. The contours depict the areas with the largest volume of violent crime (densities of 600 and 1400 crimes per km 2 respectively using Kernel Density Estimation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gi-z-values-for-crime-rates-using-ambient-and-351c9hh0.png Figure 2. GI* Z values for crime rates (using ambient and residential population denominators) in Leeds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-clusters-of-violent-crime-calculated-using-the-21rdjio3.png Figure 3. Clusters of violent crime calculated using the Geographical Analysis Machine with ambient and residential population at risk. ‘Cluster strength’ is the sum of all significant search circles at all radii from 200m to 1km. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-transformational-leadership-on-organizational-1lk60b11o9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-additive-effect-of-transformational-leadership-300dqh81.png Figure 1. The additive effect of transformational leadership https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-descriptive-statistics-and-correlationsa-3tyn2502.png Table II. Descriptive statistics and correlationsa https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-work-on-cognition-and-physical-disability-oukmi8dr6z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-heterogeneous-effects-of-being-under-the-state-2c6ygruc.png Table 6 Heterogeneous effects of being under the State Pension Age on probability of being in paid work, by marital status and physicality of occupation https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-heterogeneous-effects-of-being-in-paid-work-on-1d6xbfqu.png Table 7 Heterogeneous effects of being in paid work on cognition and physical disability, by marital status and physicality of occupation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-being-in-paid-work-on-probability-of-2b1jb5lt.png Table 4: Effect of being in paid work on probability of undertaking different levels of exercise https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effect-of-being-in-paid-work-on-measures-of-social-1he0hjqk.png Table 5: Effect of being in paid work on measures of social participation and isolation https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-effect-of-being-in-paid-work-on-probability-of-1hhp7309.png Table 8: Effect of being in paid work on probability of undertaking difference levels of exercise, by physicality of occupation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-being-in-paid-work-on-measures-of-2bemhres.png Table 3: Effect of being in paid work on measures of cognition and physical disability https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-elsa-sample-waves-3-8-2006-1xelmekc.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics of ELSA Sample, (waves 3-8, 2006/7 to 2016/17) Women born between April 1948 and March 1957 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-being-under-the-state-pension-age-on-3ja4qbi5.png Table 2 Effect of being under the State Pension Age on probability of being in paid work https://scispace.com/papers/the-impacts-of-rainfall-shocks-on-birth-weight-in-vietnam-1d4u9cymjc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-heterogeneity-by-wealth-residential-area-and-mother-2s0mpif5.png Table 3: Heterogeneity by Wealth, Residential Area, and Mother Education https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-from-related-studies-3jm0r68z.png Table 6: Results from Related Studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-pf29xqv1.png Table 1: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-impacts-of-rainfall-shocks-on-birth-weight-outcomes-3aq6on9c.png Table 2: Impacts of Rainfall Shocks on Birth Weight Outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-robustness-checks-different-categorizations-of-3235aamy.png Table 5: Robustness Checks - Different Categorizations of Control Group https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-robustness-checks-explanatory-variable-and-sample-2faat6de.png Table 4: Robustness Checks - Explanatory Variable and Sample Restrictions https://scispace.com/papers/the-implementation-of-marginal-external-cost-pricing-in-road-4nh1cq2ub8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-thus-gives-the-basic-theory-of-optimal-transport-3udhwc2a.png Figure 1 thus gives the basic theory of optimal transport pricing in a nutshell. A number of points are worth emphasising. The first is that the postulation of given demand and cost curves implies that essentially a short run-view is taken. We will therefore address long-run issues surrounding marginal external cost pricing in Sect. 2.2 below. The second point is that the bench-mark model presented in Fig. 1 relies on a number of rather essential but – unfortunately – unrealistic assumptions. These will be addressed explicitly in Sect. 2.3. Finally, it is important to emphasize that the first-best character of the optimal road charge r∗ can actually be attributed to two distinct features: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-graphical-representation-of-the-bench-mark-model-3lz9rkjp.png Figure 1 thus gives the basic theory of optimal transport pricing in a nutshell. A number of points are worth emphasising. The first is that the postulation of given demand and cost curves implies that essentially a short run-view is taken. We will therefore address long-run issues surrounding marginal external cost pricing in Sect. 2.2 below. The second point is that the bench-mark model presented in Fig. 1 relies on a number of rather essential but – unfortunately – unrealistic assumptions. These will be addressed explicitly in Sect. 2.3. Finally, it is important to emphasize that the first-best character of the optimal road charge r∗ can actually be attributed to two distinct features: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-shows-how-due-to-the-existence-of-intra-sectoral-v4xs1zpe.png Figure 12 shows how, due to the existence of intra-sectoral and environmental external costs, the unregulated free market outcome exceeds the Pareto optimal level of road mobility. The market equilibriumN 0 is at the intersection https://scispace.com/papers/the-impacts-of-structural-transformation-and-industrial-3x4jwijchq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-of-contribution-to-gdp-current-price-of-3dn85yul.png Figure 1 Percentage of contribution to GDP (current price) of the three sectors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-total-employed-persons-of-the-three-3pjic9wm.png Figure 2 Percentage of total employed persons of the three sectors https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-national-gini-coefficients-for-the-county-and-city-2c0it9r2.png Table 5 National Gini coefficients for the county and city subgroups and decomposition by three strata of industries. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-national-gini-coefficient-and-decomposition-by-three-180micbk.png Table 1 National Gini coefficient and decomposition by three industries. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-economic-zonal-gini-coefficients-and-decomposition-x8rdw127.png Table 3 Economic zonal Gini coefficients and decomposition by three strata of industries. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-decomposition-of-inequality-in-value-added-by-major-3fe5ujnw.png Table 6 Decomposition of inequality in value-added by major industrial sectors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-percentage-of-value-added-for-the-major-industries-23uq53qv.png Figure 3 Percentage of value-added for the major industries in 1993 and 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-provincial-gini-coefficients-and-decomposition-by-31be9v7m.png Table 4 Provincial Gini coefficients and decomposition by three strata of industries. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impacts-of-typhoon-haiyan-in-the-philippines-50zmzlwkfq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-annual-number-of-tropical-cyclones-in-the-par-1yzqszku.png Figure 3. Annual number of tropical cyclones in the PAR period: 1948-2013 (Cinco, 2014b). https://scispace.com/papers/the-importance-of-being-special-repo-markets-during-the-jzj4yehq18 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-short-selling-premium-of-10-year-on-the-run-bonds-the-3gadlcqc.png Fig. 4. Short-selling premium of 10-year on-the-run bonds - The figure plots the annualized cost of shorting a 10−year on-the-run bond at the daily frequency and taking a duration equivalent long position in the 10−year off-the-run bond. The bars show the difference between the SMP daily purchases of the 10−year on-the-run and the second offthe-run bond. Continuous vertical lines indicate futures contracts delivery dates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-10-year-on-the-run-bonds-cash-premium-bond-market-273nlc2d.png Table 6: 10-year on-the-run bonds: Cash premium, bond market liquidity and short-selling premium - The table reports the results from predictive OLS regressions in which the dependent variable is: 1) the cash premium; 2) the bid-ask spread differential; 3) the short-selling premium. The cash premium and short-selling premium are calculated from a strategy composed of a duration-adjusted long position in the 10−year off-the-run bonds and a short position in the 10−year on-the-run bonds (see details in Section 5.2). The bid-ask spread differential is calculated as the difference between the bid-ask spread of the 10−year on-the-run and off-the-run bonds. The explanatory variables are: the difference between the daily specialness of on-the-run and off-the-run bonds, the difference between the SMP daily purchases of on-the-run and off-the-run bonds, the CDS bond spread of 10−year on-the-run bonds and a dummy variable for the primary issuance of the 10−year on-therun bonds. Observations are daily and the regressors are lagged by one day. Estimation is carried out for the sub-period 8 August 2011 - 21 December 2011. Standard errors are in parenthesis and are clustered by bond identifier. Stars denote statistical significance at 10% (∗), 5% (∗∗) and 1% (∗ ∗ ∗). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-fails-to-deliver-of-the-10-year-on-the-run-bond-the-2y510chs.png Fig. 8. Fails-to-deliver of the 10-year on-the-run bond - The figure shows fails-todeliver of transactions in bond markets with the 10−year on-the-run bond as underlying. Fails-to-deliver is computed as the nominal amount of fails over the total nominal amount of transactions involving the same security settled by Monte Titoli. Continuous vertical lines indicate futures contracts delivery dates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-fails-to-deliver-the-table-shows-the-results-of-2b3r3mjf.png Table 7: Fails-to-deliver - The table shows the results of Probit and OLS panel regressions estimated with bond fixed effects. The dependent variable for the Probit estimation is equal to one when at least a fail-to-deliver occurs at time t + 3 (see Columns (1) − (3)). For this estimation we report the marginal effects of the regressors. In the OLS estimation the dependent variable corresponds to the nominal amount of settlement fails over the nominal amount traded at time t + 3 (see Columns (4) − (6)). In Column (2) and (5) the sample is restricted to the bonds purchased by the ECB under the SMP. Specialness and repo imbalance are based on spot next (SN) and tomorrow next (TN) transactions. The repo imbalance, cash imbalance, available for lending and SMP purchase variables are rescaled by the nominal outstanding amount of the bond, and expressed in percentage terms (see Section 3.1 for details). Bond time-to-maturity denotes the time-to-maturity of a specific security. Bid-ask spread denotes the bid-ask spread based on BGN Bloomberg prices at or before 5pm. D. Auction is a dummy variable to control for the date of a primary issuance of the security. The variable CDS bond is based on the term structure of US dollar-denominated Italian sovereign CDS contracts. Every day we interpolate the term structure of CDS spreads and match the implied CDS spread with the bond with same time-to-maturity. The CDS bond variable is expressed in logarithmic. Standard errors are in parenthesis and are clustered by bond identifier. Estimation is carried out for the sub-period 8 August 2011 - 21 December 2011. Stars denote statistical significance at 10% (∗), 5% (∗∗) and 1% (∗ ∗ ∗). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-historical-counterfactual-of-specialness-this-figure-10gzzsrb.png Fig. 3. Historical counterfactual of specialness - This figure plots the average specialness of bonds purchased by the ECB under the SMP and the historical counterfactual of specialness in the absence of SMP purchases, based on the estimation of a panel VAR model in first-difference. The model includes the following variables: CDS bond, cash imbalance, bid-ask spread, SMP purchase, repo imbalance, specialness and available for lending of the bonds purchased under the SMP from 1 August 2011 to 21 December 2011. The counterfactual shows how specialness of the bonds bought under the SMP would have evolved without SMP purchase shocks. It is calculated by replacing all realizations of the SMP structural shock with zero while preserving the remaining structural shocks in the model. The bars indicate the volume of Italian sovereign bonds purchased by the ECB over the same period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-lending-utilization-and-fee-of-the-10-year-on-the-run-3lxnt5kq.png Fig. 7. Lending utilization and fee of the 10-year on-the-run bond in the securities lending market - The figure shows the active utilization and annualized lending fee in the securities lending market of the 10-year on-the-run bond (IT0004695075). Active utilization is defined as loaned bonds divided by available bonds in the securities lending market. Continuous vertical lines indicate futures contracts delivery dates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-specialness-and-repo-imbalance-for-the-10-year-on-the-3py42jqf.png Fig. 6. Specialness and repo imbalance for the 10-year on-the-run bond (IT0004695075) - The figure shows the value of specialness (top panel) and of repo imbalance (bottom panel) calculated for the Italian sovereign bond with 10-year maturity (ISIN IT0004695075) that was on-the-run during the period of the SMP purchases. Specialness is calculated as the difference between the general collateral (GC) repo rate and the special repo rate on this benchmark security and it is reported in basis points (left-hand scale). Repo imbalance is the difference between the transactions initiated as special reverse repo and the transactions initiated as financing repo on the 10-year on-the-run security and it is reported in percentage points (left-hand scale). The bars report the value of the onthe-run security purchased in the SMP portfolio. Continuous vertical lines indicate futures delivery dates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-specialness-smp-purchases-and-ecb-collateral-pledge-2ac2meh9.png Table 8: Specialness, SMP purchases and ECB collateral pledge - The table shows the results of OLS (Columns (1)−(2)) and quantile (Columns (3)−(4)) panel regressions with bond fixed effects. Specialness is expressed in basis points and is based on spot next (SN) and tomorrow next (TN) transactions. The repo imbalance is based on spot next (SN) and tomorrow next (TN) transactions. The repo imbalance, cash imbalance, available for lending, SMP purchase and ECB collateral pledge variables are scaled by the nominal outstanding amount of the bond, expressed in percentage terms and are lagged by one day (see Section 3.1 for details). Bond time-to-maturity denotes the time-to-maturity of a specific security. Bidask spread denotes the bid-ask spread based on BGN Bloomberg prices at or before 5pm. D. Auction is a dummy variable to control for the date of a primary issuance of the security. The variable CDS bond is based on the term structure of US dollar-denominated Italian sovereign CDS contracts. Every day we interpolate the term structure of CDS spreads and match the implied CDS spread with the bond with same time-to-maturity. The CDS bond variable is expressed in logarithmic and lagged by one day. In Column (2) the observations on the 10−year on-the-run bonds are excluded from the sample. Standard errors are in parenthesis and are clustered by bond identifier (Columns (1)− (2))). Estimation is carried out for the sub-period 8 August 2011 - 21 December 2011. Stars denote statistical significance at 10% (∗), 5% (∗∗) and 1% (∗ ∗ ∗). https://scispace.com/papers/the-importance-of-gender-in-health-problems-3120gw6s52 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overall-health-problems-incidence-per-1000-men-and-pbh4fvo6.png Figure 1. Overall health problems: incidence per 1000 men and 1000 women per year, by age. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparative-incidence-of-health-problems-and-their-2nopxfvc.png Table I. Comparative incidence of health problems and their distribution (%) for men and women, by severity. https://scispace.com/papers/the-importance-of-reducing-the-systematic-error-due-to-non-2pf1s409p3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-of-cumulative-n2o-emission-measured-3i9s9z7q.png Fig. 10 Comparison of cumulative N2O emission measured continuously and weekly at Cabauw in the Netherlands in September 2005 (a), February 2006 (b), April 2006 (c) and May 2006 (d). The black arrow indicates the moment of fertilizing https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-applied-n-and-n2o-emissions-of-four-1k5i6asa.png Table 2 Summary of applied N and N2O emissions of four fertilizing events at Cabauw in the Netherlands https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-goodness-of-fit-v2-of-linear-and-exponential-2w9j37c2.png Fig. 7 Goodness-of-fit (v2) of linear and exponential regression method to N2O automatic chamber measurements as a function of the N2O flux. Data points represent the average goodness-of-fit and average N2O flux over a bin including hundred N2O fluxes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-representation-of-the-eight-concentration-12chq1hq.png Fig. 2 Schematic representation of the eight concentration classifications https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-slope-determination-using-10-min-of-3-5-hz-data-with-25v2u70f.png Fig. 3 Slope determination using 10 min of 3.5 Hz data with linear method (a) and exponential method (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-of-real-cumulative-c2h6-added-flow-and-w9avpzge.png Fig. 9 Comparison of real cumulative C2H6 added flow and calculated C2H6 added flow with the linear and intercept method (a). Comparison of cumulative N2O emission with the linear, intercept and C2H6 tracer corrected method (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-analyses-of-the-amount-of-n2o-flux-under-or-121lyfu2.png Fig. 4 Analyses of the amount of N2O flux under- or overestimation for linear and exponential regression method for different measurement times and sampling frequencies of 3.5 Hz (a) and six samples per min (b). Assuming that the exponential method gives the correct flux based on the concentration pattern over 10 min of 3.5 Hz data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-gas-accumulation-in-the-automatic-chamber-at-cabauw-in-3rj65enu.png Fig. 5 Gas accumulation in the automatic chamber at Cabauw in the Netherlands for 24 May 2006 at 1600 hours (a). An overview of the real measured N2O data, and the linear and exponential fitted data corresponding to this flux (b) https://scispace.com/papers/the-importance-of-rating-scale-design-in-the-measurement-of-10m8lchrto 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-person-item-map-of-the-226-legacy-items-measuring-2pchkb09.png FIGURE 2. Person-item map of the 226 legacy items measuring vision-related activity limitation. Items are located on the right and participants (represented by ‘‘#’’ and ‘‘.’’) are located on the left of the dashed line. Items are denoted by the abbreviation of the source PROs followed by the original item number. Difficult items and more able participants are located at the bottom of the map. Items highlighted by gray shades are the items having the similar content ‘‘reading small print,’’ note these are spread over a wide range. M¼mean; S¼ 1 SD from the mean; T¼ 2 SDs from the mean. The M, S, and T are shown for both the participants and the items on either side of the dashed line. The difference between participant and item means is 2.00 logits. VDA, Visual Disability Assessment; NEIVFQ, National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire; CatScale, Cataract Symptom Scale; IVI, Impact of Visual Impairment; VAQ, Visual Activities Questionnaire; VSQ, Visual Symptoms and Quality of Life Questionnaire; TyPE, Technology of Patient Experience; ADVS, Activities of Daily Vision Scale; QOLVFQ, Quality of Life-Visual Function Questionnaire; HVAT, Houston Vision Assessment Test; Catquest, CATQ; VFQOL, Visual Function and Quality of Life; ICS, Impact of Cataract Surgery; VFI, Visual Functioning Index; VF-14, Visual Function-14; DVI, Distance Visual Impairment Questionnaire. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sixteen-pro-instruments-number-of-items-and-response-1rw9uk2o.png TABLE 1. Sixteen PRO Instruments, Number of Items, and Response Categories Used to Develop a Vision-Related Activity Limitation Item Bank https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-position-of-the-five-pros-vda-neivfq-advs-type-2dtg4357.png FIGURE 3. The position of the five PROs (VDA, NEIVFQ, ADVS, TyPE, and CatScale) on a linear difficulty scale in logits, in reference to the VF-14. All instruments are relative to the VF-14, which is rated at 0 logits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-person-item-map-of-the-18-item-vda-items-are-tatmg445.png FIGURE 1. Person-item map of the 18-item VDA. Items are located on the right and participants (represented by ‘‘#’’ and ‘‘.’’) are located on the left of the dashed line. Difficult items and more able participants are located at the bottom of the map. M ¼ mean; S¼ 1 SD from the mean; T¼ 2 SDs from the mean. The M, S, and T are shown for both the participants and the items on either side of the dashed line. The difference in person and item means is 1.4 logits. https://scispace.com/papers/the-importance-of-sill-thickness-and-timing-of-sill-493h5nr2nk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-physical-properties-used-in-the-stress-modeling-kif5uxht.png Table 3. Physical properties used in the stress modeling, based on standard values for rock properties published in the literature (e.g., [111]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-physical-properties-used-in-the-stress-modeling-2ljefv31.png Table 3. Physical properties used in the stress modeling, based on standard values for rock properties published in the literature (e.g., [111]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-a-calculated-temperatures-10-kyr-after-sills-2sbiztyr.png Figure 17. (a) Calculated temperatures 10 kyr after sills intrude into a basin with non-restored faults. (b) Calculated temperatures 10 kyr after sills intrude into a shale basin with a sandstone layer as shown in Figure 12a left. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-a-calculated-temperatures-10-kyr-after-sills-2co1oxht.png Figure 17. (a) Calculated temperatures 10 kyr after sills intrude into a basin with non-restored faults. (b) Calculated temperatures 10 kyr after sills intrude into a shale basin with a sandstone layer as shown in Figure 12a left. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-temperature-results-for-sills-intruding-with-16r44pn1.png Figure 16. Temperature results for sills intruding with different timing in relation to fault slip. Temperatures to the left are at time of intrusion, in the middle, 10 kyr after intrusion, to the right, 100 kyr after intrusion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-temperature-results-for-sills-intruding-with-1uo85s10.png Figure 16. Temperature results for sills intruding with different timing in relation to fault slip. Temperatures to the left are at time of intrusion, in the middle, 10 kyr after intrusion, to the right, 100 kyr after intrusion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-kinetic-data-used-for-the-opal-a-ct-quartz-7s8qik05.png Table 1. Kinetic data used for the opal A/CT/quartz diagenesis and smectite to illite modeling. *Values obtained from Sachsenhofer et al. [103]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-a-calculated-maturation-for-one-sill-intruding-on-2dem77c3.png Figure 18. (a) Calculated maturation for one sill intruding on either side of the fault zone. (b) Calculated maturation for two sills intruding on both sides of the fault zone. Left side show results for sills intruding at time of fault slip. Right side show results for sills intruding 10 Myr after fault slip. https://scispace.com/papers/the-importance-of-supplementary-immunisation-activities-to-1qilwz670h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-parameters-an-overview-of-the-key-model-20mblk28.png Table 1 Model parameters. An overview of the key model parameter assumptions and their sources. Parameter ranges are those used in the sensitivity analyses https://scispace.com/papers/the-importance-of-value-honest-determining-factors-and-some-34nrimxcqx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-categorised-and-ranked-variables-describing-2q8d50ft.png Table 4. Categorised and ranked variables describing individual honesty https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-determining-factors-for-the-importance-of-the-2p0tfp3w.png Figure 1. The determining factors for the importance of the value honest. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-ranking-of-honesty-for-peers-1ri7i5pi.png Table 3. The ranking of honesty for peers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-respondents-ranking-of-honesty-among-the-256xk109.png Figure 2. The respondents’ ranking of honesty among the instrumental values for themselves and for their peers; the ranking scale 1– 18. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-respondents-1whtpmi6.png Table 1. Description of Respondents https://scispace.com/papers/the-important-role-of-the-nuclearity-rigidity-and-solubility-5ap00l1m8o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cytotoxicity-of-complexes-2-10-in-normal-human-1m9wlwmb.png Figure 5. Cytotoxicity of complexes 2-10 in normal human fibroblasts determined by MTS assay. Fibroblasts were challenged with increasing concentrations of A) mononuclear complexes 2 (red bars), 3 (black bars), 4 (blue bars), 5 (yellow bars), and 6 (light grey bars), and B) dinuclear complexes 7 (green bars), 8 (dark grey bars), 9 (brown bars) and 10 (light brown bars) after 48 h incubation. Data normalized against the control (0.1 % (v/v) DMSO) and expressed as mean ± SEM of three independent assays. * p < 0.05 relative to control for each cell line. https://scispace.com/papers/the-in-vivo-performance-of-ferrocenyl-tamoxifen-lipid-uemqm2q4hi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physico-chemical-characteristics-size-and-charge-of-14atyko9.png Table 1 Physico-chemical characteristics (size and charge) of conventional and stealth LNCs unloaded and loaded with FcOHTAM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-complement-activation-of-unloaded-lncs-stealth-mwd2eqgn.png Fig. 4. Complement activation of unloaded LNCs, stealth unloaded LNCs FcOHTAM-LNCs and stealthFcOHTAM-LNCs expressed by % consumption of CH50 unit at 37 °C in function of the nanoparticle surface area. The results are represented as mean ± SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-typical-flow-cytometric-analysis-profile-breast-cancer-2xp397da.png Fig. 3. Typical flow cytometric analysis profile. Breast cancer cells were treated with A) DMSO, LNCs, stealthLNCs, B) Free FcOHTAM in DMSO, FcOHTAM-LNCs or stealth FcOHTAM-LNCs for 24, 48 h or 72 h, then analyzed by flow cytometry. An example of G0/G1, S and G2/M phase was annotated in A (DMSO at 24 h) and an example of sub-G0 peak was visualized in B (free OH-TAM at 72 h). The results are representative of two independent experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-coupling-between-a-hydroxytamoxifen-and-a-1x4mirlt.png Fig. 1. Schematic coupling between a hydroxytamoxifen and a ferrocene resulting in the ferrocenyl tamoxifen derivative. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mda-mb-231-cell-survival-curve-after-72-h-exposure-to-3bton9x4.png Fig. 2. MDA-MB-231 cell survival curve after 72 h exposure to various treatments (Free FcOHTAM, FcOHTAM-LNCs, stealth FcOHTAM-LNCs, Unloaded LNCs and Unloaded stealth LNCs) at increasing drug concentration ranging from 0.01 µM-100 µM. The results are expressed as the mean ± SD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-tumor-volume-evolution-of-xenografted-mda-mb-231-3fr233ii.png Fig. 5. A/ Tumor volume evolution of xenografted MDA-MB-231. SCID mice were injected with MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells expressing luciferase gene (D0). At day 14 and day 19, mice were injected with indicated treatments. To monitoring tumoral volume, mice were subjected to in vivo imaging at day 0, 14, 19 27, 34 and 38. Luminescence was measured in radiance (pixels/second/cm 2 /square). The number of animals used for each group is indicated on the figure. Mann-Withney test was performed between control group and treated groups. The red arrows correspond to the treatment days. The values are expressed as mean ± SEM *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, compared with the untreated control. B/ Photographic demonstration of comparative tumor size after treatment. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/the-inclusion-of-spiritual-process-in-counseling-and-3l6op37ya4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-for-level-of-spirituality-on-195yyjji.png TABLE 1 Summary Statistics for Level of Spirituality on Expertness and Trustworthiness https://scispace.com/papers/the-inclusiveness-of-european-decision-rules-41ezac1e2s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characterization-of-decision-rules-3res7226.png Table 2. Characterization of Decision Rules https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-legislature-with-four-actors-and-four-decision-rules-2y2wrqaw.png Table 1. Legislature with Four Actors and Four Decision Rules https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-voting-power-and-inclusiveness-in-eu-council-2qpg35ax.png Table 3. Voting Power and Inclusiveness in EU Council Decision-making Procedures https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-power-effects-by-transformation-from-unanimity-to-1jl1v9jk.png Table 4. Power Effects by Transformation from Unanimity to Majority Voting https://scispace.com/papers/the-industrial-impact-of-monetary-shocks-during-the-16wbj844u2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-37-indexes-of-industrial-production-euf20kk8.png Table 37, Indexes of Industrial Production. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-variable-descriptions-svar-model-1-the-quarterly-3pzya68o.png Table 3 Variable descriptions (SVAR model 1). The quarterly data used in the SVAR model is from September 1990 (first period of inflation targeting reported by the RBA) to the December 2009. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-impulse-response-to-an-official-cash-rate-shock-100-1qpc0x4y.png Table 2 Impulse response to an official cash rate shock (100 basis points) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cumulative-impulse-response-to-an-official-cash-rqs2s93a.png Figure 6 Cumulative impulse response to an official cash rate shock (100 bps), largest industries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-shows-the-dynamic-response-to-an-unanticipated-248cha1p.png Figure 5 shows the dynamic response to an unanticipated positive change in the cash rate shock17 or Impulse Response Function (IRF) 18for the six largest industries in Australia. In the first set of charts, the industry output responses to those shocks are shown. In the second set of charts and to conserve space, only the responses of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-outstanding-debt-by-industries-as-a-of-gva-2008-34xlvmjq.png Figure 4 Outstanding debt by industries as a % of GVA (2008) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-impulse-response-to-a-positive-official-cash-rate-14zahk6v.png Figure 5 shows the dynamic response to an unanticipated positive change in the cash rate shock17 or Impulse Response Function (IRF) 18for the six largest industries in Australia. In the first set of charts, the industry output responses to those shocks are shown. In the second set of charts and to conserve space, only the responses of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shows-that-mining-electricity-gas-water-and-waste-1m0kyzxr.png Figure 2 shows that mining; electricity, gas, water and waste services; and information media and telecommunications are highly concentrated industries, since more than 70% of the respective GVA is produced by large firms. In addition, the financial industry (not reported by ABS data) is perhaps the most concentrated industry in Australia, given that the four largest banks dominate 31% of the financial industry market share and 84% of the lending market share.6 Meanwhile, construction, and rental, hiring and real estate services have a very large share of the GVA produced by small firms, while the remaining industries present a more balanced share of the GVA produced by firm size. https://scispace.com/papers/the-inex-evaluation-initiative-350mrfxhh5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-co-topic-from-the-inex-test-collection-2ofzyc9j.png Fig. 3. A CO topic from the INEX test collection https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-cas-topic-from-the-inex-test-collection-1ehoe238.png Fig. 2. A CAS topic from the INEX test collection https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-summary-of-recall-precision-curves-for-all-inex-2002-3nynkfo8.png Fig. 4. Summary of recall/precision curves for all INEX 2002 submissions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-assessments-at-article-and-component-levels-57lpjyvd.png Table 2. Assessments at article and component levels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sketch-of-the-structure-of-the-typical-inex-articles-1o7tvafo.png Fig. 1. Sketch of the structure of the typical INEX articles https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-on-cas-and-co-topics-in-the-inex-test-3vdh7jck.png Table 1. Statistics on CAS and CO topics in the INEX test collection https://scispace.com/papers/the-inefficiency-of-worker-time-use-2tlc5lf58q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-descriptive-statistics-181tu78x.png Table 5: Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tests-for-the-random-assignment-of-cases-to-judges-vouzmsvl.png Table 2: Tests for the random assignment of cases to judges https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-trade-off-between-quantity-and-quality-in-the-1k6egmf6.png Figure 2: The trade off between quantity and quality in the decision of judges with randomly assigned workload https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-panel-structure-39yd16ps.png Table 1: The panel structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-differences-of-performance-between-judges-with-1evy79lm.png Figure 1: Differences of performance between judges with randomly assigned workload https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlation-between-alternative-measures-of-task-3rgee6lw.png Table 4: Correlation between alternative measures of task juggling https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measures-of-task-juggling-6bijhikl.png Table 3: Measures of task juggling https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-effect-of-task-juggling-on-the-hazard-of-closing-27z2m1nz.png Table 6: The effect of task juggling on the hazard of closing a case https://scispace.com/papers/the-inflammatory-potential-of-diet-is-related-to-incident-48yfr4j3qx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flowchart-steps-sequence-of-participant-m4kene0u.png Fig. 1. Flowchart: Steps sequence of participant https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-age-and-weight-status-on-cardiac-autonomic-3g0senv5sa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-summary-of-studies-assessing-the-relationship-e6o8teyv.png Table A.2: Summary of studies assessing the relationship between weight and HRV https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-summary-of-the-influence-of-childhood-age-on-hrv-rsjyuepb.png Table 1: A summary of the influence of childhood age on HRV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-outlining-search-strategy-and-selection-2ggbyyi4.png Figure 1 Flow chart outlining search strategy and selection process. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-advection-on-the-short-term-co2-budget-in-3oki3p4vyx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-of-experimental-set-up-co2-profiles-at-p1-6xz929qj.png Figure 2. Schematic of experimental set-up: CO2 profiles at P1, P2 and P3, each on a IRGA gas-multiplexer (solid lines), CO2 comparison at P1, P2 and P3, all on one IRGA gas-multiplexer (dashed lines), and wind measurements in the trunk space (dotted lines). EC system is at P1 (top at P1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-land-use-surrounding-the-tharandt-site-50-58c-n-13-1hyi586d.png Figure 1. Land use surrounding the Tharandt site (+, 50 58¢ N, 13 34¢ E). The contour interval is 20 m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distribution-of-wind-field-above-the-canopy-top-and-11qr3940.png Figure 5. Distribution of wind field above the canopy (top) and in the trunk space (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-top-sinusoidal-fit-white-line-of-tilt-angle-against-o4sss0zr.png Figure 6. Top: sinusoidal fit (white line) of tilt angle against wind direction for the 2001 dataset from the Gill R2 Sonic at 42 m (half hourly means). Bottom: adjusted mean vertical wind component for the same dataset. Brighter circles refer to higher wind velocities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-mean-diurnal-course-of-co2-fluxes-with-standard-1af85mun.png Figure 10. Mean diurnal course of CO2 fluxes with standard error bars. Top: horizontal advection (dotted, stars) and vertical advection (dashed dotted, triangles); middle: EC flux (solid, circles) and storage change (dashed, squares); bottom: total NEE (all terms, solid) and NEE (EC flux and storage term only, dotted). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-instrumentation-only-measurements-referred-to-in-2jlqrdac.png TABLE I Instrumentation (only measurements referred to in this study are listed). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-two-hour-averages-of-non-turbulent-horizontal-12w2qrob.png Figure 9. Two-hour averages of non-turbulent horizontal advective flux depending on height and time (contour plot, bright colours refer to positive, dark colours to negative fluxes, contour interval is 0.02 lmol m)2 s)1, dashed line indicates the canopy height). Top: total (solid), trunk space (dashed) and crown space (dash-dotted) flux in the control volume. Right: mean daily flux profile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-diurnal-course-of-hourly-mean-co2-concentration-f1k8dwwj.png Figure 8. Diurnal course of hourly mean CO2 concentration differences for DOY 263–283: c(40 m) – c(26 m) (thick lines), c(40 m) – c(2 m) (thin lines) and c(40 m) – Æcæ (symbols with standard error bars) at P1 (dotted, triangles), P2 (solid, diamonds) and P3 (dash-dotted, squares). CET is central European time. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-air-and-temperature-on-the-reaction-27h0lbeizr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-schematic-representation-of-the-configuration-of-fe-2sqomt3n.png Figure 8: Schematic representation of the configuration of Fe throughout the reactions. The height of the boxes refers to the approximate amount of the configuration in the binder. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-absorption-area-of-fe3-binder-component-for-samples-23vpi6q0.png Figure 3: Absorption area of Fe3+ binder component for samples prepared in inert and atmospheric environments, compared with previous work [18]. The error bars on the absorption area represent an estimated error of 5%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-evolution-of-the-mossbauer-parameters-of-the-fe2-3vxhbk19.png Figure 6: Evolution of the Mössbauer parameters of the Fe2+ and Fe3+ components of the binder. Left: isomer shift; right: quadrupole splitting. The estimated error on the isomer shift and quadrupole split is 0.02 mm/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-atr-ftir-spectra-of-samples-28ds-and-k4vpugfr.png Figure 7: Comparison of ATR-FTIR spectra of samples 28DS and 7DS28 to investigate the influence of the oxidation on the Si-O stretching band. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-atr-ftir-spectra-of-the-samples-as-function-of-the-2duqyu54.png Figure 11: ATR-FTIR spectra of the samples as function of the temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-the-absorption-area-of-the-fe2-black-305520wd.png Figure 4: Evolution of the absorption area of the Fe2+ (black) and Fe3+ (red) components of the binder. After 7 days, part of the samples were milled and exposed to air at room temperature or 200 °C. The error on the absorption area is estimated to be 5%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-57fe-mossbauer-spectra-raw-data-plotted-as-lines-of-16hnhzc0.png Figure 1: 57Fe Mössbauer spectra (raw data plotted as lines) of samples cured at room temperature (a) and heat treated in a furnace (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-thermogram-of-the-thermogravimetry-and-1zr0she9.png Figure 10: Thermogram of the thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry of the 7 days sealed cured sample. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-aggregate-size-fraction-and-horizon-1j8lgzevmn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-effect-of-horizon-position-aggregate-size-1q44b7us.png Table 1 The effect of horizon position, aggregate size fraction (and their interaction) parameters on bacterial 16S and fungal ITS community composition in the soil profile as a whole as tested by PERMANOVA analysis. Statistical significance P < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effect-of-aggregate-size-fraction-on-bacterial-1pfyueeu.png Table 2 The effect of aggregate size fraction on bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region based community composition within the individual horizon positions. Statistical significance P < 0.05. *Large macroaggregate ITS PCR amplicons were not obtained in horizon 3 (H3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-abundance-of-sequences-allocated-to-major-bacterial-169jqlm5.png Table 3 Abundance [%] of sequences allocated to major bacterial Phyla (cut-off 0.01%) from the four aggregate size fractions; large macroaggregate (LM), macroaggregate (MAC), microaggregate (MIC) and silt and clay (SC) in horizon position 1 (H1, top table) and horizon position 2 (H2, bottom table). Different letters indicate statistical difference between aggregate size fractions (P < 0.05). https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-alcohol-and-weapon-presence-on-eyewitness-3x49gn68w4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-confidence-based-receiver-operating-characteristic-264h5idz.png Figure 5. Confidence-based receiver operating characteristic (ROC) data for each alcohol group as a function of weapon absence and weapon presence. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-backward-wave-transmission-on-quantitative-49edn20fsf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-dispersion-curves-of-normalized-frequencyv5vh-cs-1s2877jo.png FIG. 5. The dispersion curves of normalized frequencyV5vh/cs and normalized wave numberg5kh for an isotropic plate with Poisson’s ration 50.3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-contributions-of-different-real-branches-to-the-3ju1wilv.png FIG. 8. Contributions of different real branches to the surface displacem frequency response function (GG1 /h;vh/cs) at x/h58.33 on an isotropic plate (n50.3) due to a normal pressure pulse transmitted by a parab source (a/h50.5) ~referring to Fig. 5!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-surface-displacement-frequency-response-gg1-h-vh-cs-at-21n4algd.png FIG. 6. Surface displacement frequency response (GG1 /h;vh/cs) at two different pointsx/h50.833~solid line! and 8.33~dashed line! on an isotropic plate (n50.3) due to a normal pressure pulse transmitted by a parab source (a/h50.5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-surface-displacement-frequency-response-function-gg2-h-k7xh4rsw.png FIG. 7. Surface displacement frequency response function (GG2 /h ;vh/cs) at two different pointsx/h50.833 ~solid line! and 8.33~dashed line! on an isotropic plate (n50.3) due to a shear force pulse transmitted a parabolic source (a/h50.5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-problem-considered-in-this-paper-3k0vi609.png FIG. 1. The problem considered in this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-dispersion-curves-of-normalized-frequencyv5vh-2gzfukno.png FIG. 11. The dispersion curves of normalized frequencyV5vh/AG12 /r and normalized wave numberg5kh for a glass/epoxy composite laminate plate @~0/90/0/90/0!s#. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-surface-velocity-frequency-response-function-gh1-h-vh-24n3c6dp.png FIG. 12. Surface velocity frequency response function (GH1 /h ;vh/AG12 /r) at point x/h510 on a glass/epoxy composite laminate plate@~0/90/0/90/0!s# due to a normal pressure pulse transmitted by a pa bolic source (a/h51). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-contributions-of-different-real-branches-to-the-rsjsvzl9.png FIG. 10. Contributions of different real branches to the surface velo frequency response function (GH1 /h;vh/cs) at x/h50.833 on an isotropic plate (n50.3) due to a normal pressure pulse transmitted by a parab source (a/h50.5) ~referring to Fig. 5!. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-blood-collection-tubes-in-biomarkers-3smxzjvduk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-serum-protein-in-control-group-green-32pl8ak8.png Figure 2. Comparison of serum protein in control group (green) and control coagulant group (yellow). (A) The molecular weight of Control group (green) and control coagulant group (yellow) of expressed peptides ranged from 800 to 10000 Da. Bivariate plot (C) and 3D plot (B) of control group (green) and control coagulant group (yellow) in the principal component analysis. Polypeptide expression in control group (green) and control coagulant group (yellow) was up-regulated (D), or down-regulated (E). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparative-profiling-of-serum-peptides-among-four-1x940hqs.png Figure 6. Comparative profiling of serum peptides among four different groups. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparative-profiling-of-serum-peptides-among-2bm5iqcw.png Figure 1. Comparative profiling of serum peptides among patient group (red), control group (green), patient coagulant group (blue) and control coagulant group (yellow). Representative mass spectra of the samples (three spectra per sample) from different groups respectively (differ in colors) in the mass range of 800–10,000 Da, showing low variability between replicates of each sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-serum-protein-collected-by-non-2hea0hpc.png Figure 5. Comparison of serum protein collected by non-additive tubes in patient group (red) and control group (green). (A) Gel view of mass spectra of patient group and control group in the mass range from 800 to 10,000 Da. (B) Three-dimensional plot of patient group (red) and control group (green). (C) Bivariate plot of the two most differentially expressed protein peaks of patient group (red) and control group (green). (D) Collected by non-additive tube (red) and healthy controls (green) in patients with higher expression in serum protein expression differences between the pillars of the mean and standard deviation of the peak draw diagrams. (E) Collected by non-additive tube (red) and healthy controls (green) in patients with lower expression of serum protein expression differences between the pillars of the mean and standard deviation of the peak draw diagrams. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-peaks-showing-significant-differences-in-abundance-1k6srmnd.png Table 4 Peaks showing significant differences in abundance across samples from patient coagulant and control coagulant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-serum-protein-collected-by-coagulant-12rjmg87.png Figure 4. Comparison of serum protein collected by coagulant tubes in patient group (blue) and control group (yellow). (A)Gel view of mass spectra of patient coagulant group and control coagulant group in the mass range from 800 to 10,000 Da. (B) Three-dimensional plot of patient coagulant group (blue) and control coagulant group (yellow). (C)Bivariate plot of the two most differentially expressed protein peaks of patient coagulant group (blue) and control coagulant group (yellow). (D) Collected by patient coagulant group (blue) and control coagulant group (yellow) with higher expression in serum protein expression differences between the pillars of the mean and standard deviation of the peak draw diagrams. (E) Collected by patient coagulant group (blue) and control coagulant group (yellow) with lower expression of serum protein expression differences between the pillars of the mean and standard deviation of the peak draw diagrams. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-peaks-showing-significant-differences-in-abundance-i0akexkm.png Table 5 Peaks showing significant differences in abundance across samples from patient, control, patient coagulant and control coagulant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-peaks-showing-significant-differences-in-abundance-28x9zz81.png Table 3 Peaks showing significant differences in abundance across samples from patient and control. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-cardiopulmonary-by-pass-on-respiratory-3q4gxieo73 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-distribution-of-values-svo2-3dzo56fy.png Table 6. Distribution of values SvO2(%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-distribution-of-qs-qt-values-3uqqad7g.png Table 4. Distribution of Qs/Qt (%) values https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-distribution-of-pao2-fio2-values-1f1ekzl7.png Table 5. Distribution of PaO2/FiO2 values https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-arterial-blood-pao2-kpa-values-3nkxf2j0.png Table 1. Distribution of arterial blood PaO2 (kPa) values https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-spo2-values-1mtkn6mo.png Table 2. Distribution of SpO2 (%) values https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-a-a-do2-kpa-values-y2wfudgz.png Table 3. Distribution of (A-a) DO2 (kPa) values https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-calcium-traces-in-ultrapure-water-on-the-2m733icc7f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-determination-of-the-tilting-transition-pressure-t-20lhdyy7.png Figure 4. Determination of the tilting transition pressure t by extrapolation of 1/cos(t) vs. the lateral pressure to 1. TMCL on subphases containing 1 mM cesium (&) and 1 mM cesium with 0.1 mM EDTA (*). With no EDTA in the subphase t=28.9 mN/m and with EDTA t=32.6 mN/m. The lines are the corresponding linear fits to the data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trxf-spectra-fluorescence-intensity-vs-photon-rpqu5n2p.png Figure 2. TRXF spectra (fluorescence intensity vs. photon energy E) of TMCL on subphases containing 1 mM cesium without (black) and with (red) 0.1 mM EDTA at pH 7 and 20 °C. EDTA binds effectively calcium at pH values above 5. The cesium L line is only visible when EDTA is present in the subphase. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-customer-loyalty-on-small-island-economies-nrpqbf4hu1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-profile-of-data-set-3hc00cr8.png Table 2: Profile of data set https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-population-and-land-area-statistics-for-other-small-2khc99oj.png Table 1: Population and Land Area Statistics for other Small Islands (Island Analysis, 2013) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-forces-that-influence-loyalty-orientation-2l850xui.png Table 4: Forces that influence loyalty orientation https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-participant-profiles-and-loyalty-considerations-1d74e5b9.png Table 5: Participant profiles and loyalty considerations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-adapted-from-dick-and-basus-1994-loyalty-categories-3t7coedf.png Figure 6: Adapted from Dick and Basu’s (1994) loyalty categories https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-telecommunication-subscription-comparisons-source-2rgfva7r.png Figure 1: Telecommunication subscription comparisons (Source: International Telecommunications Union, 2013) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-loyalty-force-model-source-the-author-18wo7oj6.png Figure 8: Loyalty Force Model (Source: The Author) https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-daily-meteorology-on-boreal-fire-emissions-45hsylqse6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-daily-complex-weather-variables-from-1qdtosch.png Figure 4. Comparison of daily complex weather variables from Fairbanks Airport, Eielson Air Force Base, Minchumina, and the average. (a) The number of active fires per day. (b) Vapor pressure deficit (VPD). (c) The Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index (FWI). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-observations-from-the-crv-tower-black-dashed-line-3240i21w.png Figure 8. Observations from the CRV tower (black dashed line) versus active fire approach (green), FRP approach (blue), and AKFED (pink) for (a) CO (ppm), (b) CH4 (ppm), and (c) CO2 (ppm). Left y axis corresponds to CRV tower observations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-daily-multiangle-imaging-spectroradiometer-misr-29hhset4.png Figure 7. Daily Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) derived maximum plume heights (red squares) and mean plume heights (blue circles) compared with geographically and temporally matched Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) boundary layer heights (black triangles). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-series-of-total-daily-fire-carbon-emissions-tg-1tzdp0hn.png Figure 2. Time series of total daily fire carbon emissions (Tg C/d) for the active fire, fire radiative power (FRP), and Alaska Fire Emissions Database (AKFED) modeling approaches. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relationship-between-dco-co-observed-co-background-b7w9i2qn.png Figure 6. Relationship between ΔCO (CO observed - CO background) andΔCO2 (CO2 observed - CO2 background) for periods of high fire influence at the CRV tower in (a) July and (b) August. (c and d) Relationship between ΔCH4 (CH4 observed - CH4 background) and ΔCO2 (CO2 observed - CO2 background) is shown for the same two periods, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-original-data-from-the-crv-tower-used-to-zu17824g.png Figure 5. The original data from the CRV tower used to calculate emission ratios. (left column) July and (right column) August. (top row) CO (ppm), (middle row) CH4 (ppm), and (bottom) CO2 (ppm) are displayed. Background threshold for CO is given by dashed gray line; backgrounds for CH4 and CO2 are shown by solid gray lines. The time intervals used in emission ratio calculations are highlighted in color: July period 1 (pink), July period 2 (purple), August period 1 (blue), August period 2 (orange), August period 3 (green), and August period 4 (red). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-daily-weather-variables-from-three-3uz0w2ul.png Figure 3. Comparison of daily weather variables from three stations in interior Alaska, including Fairbanks International Airport, Eielson Air Force Base, and Minchumina. The different panels show (a) the number of active fires per day, (b) temperature (C°), (c) relative humidity (%), (d) precipitation (mm/d), and (e) wind speed (km/h). All of the variables except precipitation represent the hourly average at noon local standard time. Precipitation is the 24 h sum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-map-of-fire-characteristics-in-our-alaska-study-ajjymeo9.png Figure 1. (a) Map of fire characteristics in our Alaska study domain during the summer of 2013. Alaska Fire Emissions Database (AKFED) total carbon emissions from fires are shown in kg C perm2. (b) The daily mean of all PWRF-STILT footprints during a representative high fire period on 5 July 2013. In both panels, the location of CRV tower is denoted with a black circle, and Figure 1a the location of the Minchumina, Fairbanks International Airport, and Eielson Air Force Base weather stations are shown from left to right with red squares. In Figure 1a, the locations of the Stuart Creek II fire and the Mississippi fire are denoted by SC andM, respectively, major roads are shown as purple lines, and elevation is shown with gray shading. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-differential-evaporation-on-the-structure-3d0hw6onp5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-30-temporal-change-in-the-masses-of-eih-mixture-cbhqxw06.png Figure 30. Temporal change in the masses of EIH mixture components at OP#2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-single-component-fuels-binary-and-ternary-mixtures-b9ifgqtq.png Table 2. Single-component fuels, binary and ternary mixtures investigated and their composition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-calculated-vle-of-ethanol-n-butanol-mixtures-1wphf9nq.png Figure 4. Calculated VLE of ethanol/n-butanol mixtures compared with experimental data from Seo et al.25 at p = 1.013 bar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-calculated-vle-of-ethanol-n-hexane-mixtures-1s59zwdd.png Figure 5. Calculated VLE of ethanol/n-hexane mixtures compared with experimental data from Kudryavtseva and Susarev26 at p = 1.013 bar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-liquid-penetration-depths-of-ebh-mixture-for-op-2-fpnhw3g5.png Figure 21. Liquid penetration depths of EBH mixture for OP#2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-droplet-size-distribution-of-the-ebh-mixture-1f9ugipg.png Figure 19. Droplet size distribution of the EBH mixture determined using PDA data, Rosin–Rammler distribution and the UNIFAC method at 15 mm axial distance for OP#2 at 0.5 and 1 ms avSOI. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-liquid-penetration-depths-of-ebh-mixture-for-op-1-b92pt7xp.png Figure 20. Liquid penetration depths of EBH mixture for OP#1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-34-separation-factor-of-ethanol-relative-to-iso-16tksjey.png Figure 34. Separation factor of ethanol relative to iso-octane at an axial position of 30 mm for OP#2 at 1 ms avSOI. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-entrepreneurial-passion-in-the-relationship-4k0ki2ry0p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reliability-and-validity-analysis-1orgkfz1.png Table 1 Reliability and Validity Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2j988cjh.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-expertise-on-rockfall-failure-probability-1z4466wpes 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-qualitative-scale-of-the-predisposition-to-fzi0aapf.png Table 4. Qualitative scale of the predisposition to instability. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-terms-considered-in-the-lpc-and-smr-based-method-1rt9mqmm.png Figure 4. Terms considered in the LPC and SMR-based method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-matrix-used-to-assess-the-coupled-temporal-2lvk0lt4.png Table 3. Matrix used to assess the coupled “temporal probability/occurrence probability”, after the guide of the Laboratoire des Ponts et Chaussées (2004). https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-contingency-table-of-the-theoretical-values-for-the-2lha8yce.png Table 11. Contingency table of the theoretical values for the chi-square test performed between the level of expertise and the level of rockfall hazard (sector 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-chi-square-distance-between-the-observed-and-2tsh86hf.png Table 12. Chi-square distance between the observed and theoretical values for all the cases tested, under the hypothesis of independency. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-assessment-of-the-predisposition-to-instability-with-2rnrx0al.png Table 6. Assessment of the predisposition to instability with the SMR method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-assessment-of-the-rockfall-hazard-with-the-lpc-37poo7ei.png Table 5. Assessment of the rockfall hazard with the LPC method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sector-1-a-and-sector-2-b-and-their-main-1w7dflcv.png Figure 1. Sector 1 (a) and sector 2 (b) and their main characteristics (Delonca et al., 2013). https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-extreme-weather-conditions-on-the-magnitude-28s84s5657 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-anova-of-violent-sexual-and-property-crime-by-type-1ewi74ue.png Table 4: ANOVA of violent, sexual and property crime by type of rainfall day https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-anova-of-violent-sexual-and-property-by-type-of-1hapenov.png Table 3: ANOVA of violent, sexual and property by type of temperature day https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-violent-sexual-and-wbr6ie3a.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics for violent, sexual and property crimes on days stratified by temperature (n=50) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-for-violent-sexual-and-179btmta.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics for violent, sexual and property crimes on days stratified by rainfall (n=50) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-spatial-point-pattern-test-for-sexual-crimes-by-3oob4o0p.png Table 6: Spatial point pattern test for sexual crimes by temperature and rainfall https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-spatial-point-pattern-test-for-property-crimes-by-3rc0py2t.png Table 7: Spatial point pattern test for property crimes by temperature and rainfall https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-spatial-point-pattern-test-for-violent-crimes-by-2kwlk103.png Table 5: Spatial point pattern test for violent crimes by temperature and rainfall https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-fictional-narrative-experience-on-work-3zjhf7lm07 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-conceptual-domain-of-the-transformation-outcomes-of-217crkfs.png Figure 2: Conceptual domain of the transformation outcomes of fictional narrative experience. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-incubation-temperature-on-phenotype-of-br21mnrcw9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-incubation-duration-mass-3g5efffm.png TABLE 1.—Descriptive statistics for incubation duration, mass, size and hatching success of 400 hatchlings incubated at different temperatures and differences between the sexes.a 401 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-morphometric-measurements-used-for-analysis-a-ventral-2a7yb3i4.png FIG. 1.—Morphometric measurements used for analysis. (A) Ventral and (B) lateral view 412 of the body plan and head of Ctenophorus pictus, showing measurements recorded. Total length 413 (TOL), tip of snout to tip of tail; snout–vent length (SVL), tip of snout to anterior end of vent; tail 414 length (TL), anterior end of vent to tip of tail; fore-hind limb distance (FHD), distance between 415 the inner insertion of the forelimb to the inner insertion of the hind limb, here used as abdomen 416 length; head length (HL), ventral measurement from tip of snout to the anterior end of the 417 external ear; head width (HW), maximum width of head anterior to external ear; forelimb length 418 (FL), from insertion of forelimb to the proximal end of manus; hind limb length (HLL), from 419 insertion of hind limb to proximal end of foot. 420 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-from-parametric-bootstrapping-of-linear-mwfl1at7.png TABLE 2.—Results from parametric bootstrapping of linear mixed models, fitted with the lmer 405 function from the lme4 package, to examine the effects of incubation temperature, initial egg 406 mass and hatchling sex on incubation duration and morphology of hatchlings.a 407 https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-inequality-responsibility-and-4cfyw6xi97 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1a-the-two-way-interaction-between-justifi-ability-3csqgnlh.png Figure 1a. The two-way interaction between justifi ability and responsibility for reports of White guilt. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1b-the-two-way-interaction-between-justifi-ability-3trbcsee.png Figure 1a. The two-way interaction between justifi ability and responsibility for reports of White guilt. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-ingroup-outgroup-categorization-on-same-and-4ntpq1bt6f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-stimuli-used-in-the-experiments-hqo263fb.png Figure 1. Example stimuli used in the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-discrimination-latencies-ms-as-a-function-of-m8ieqb4q.png Table 3 Mean Discrimination Latencies (ms) as a Function of Trial Type, Target Race, Target University, and Block Order, Experiment 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-discrimination-latencies-ms-as-a-function-of-1hemiz6k.png Table 1 Mean Discrimination Latencies (ms) as a Function of Trial Type, Target Race, and Target University, Experiment 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-discrimination-latencies-ms-as-a-function-of-1eyeu6af.png Figure 2. Mean discrimination latencies (ms) as a function of target race, target university, and target orientation, Experiment 1. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-intraday-seasonality-on-volatility-2z1ug3plml 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-2-dax30-379vy5dx.png Figure 12.2: DAX30 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-3-ftse-100-he49m224.png Figure 12.3: FTSE 100 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-mean-absolute-returns-for-dax30-3cm64qpx.png FIGURE 1.2: Mean absolute returns for DAX30 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-3-var-c-model-figure-8-4-var-d-model-rv-with-19bf2lsq.png FIGURE 8.3 VAR C model FIGURE 8.4 VAR D model (RV with standardized returns) (RGARCH with standardized returns) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-ftse100-3tk0f1c2.png FIGURE 2.3: FTSE100 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-dax30-1avppr24.png FIGURE 2.2: DAX30 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-net-pairwise-volatility-spillover-between-the-v1nwglbg.png FIGURE 9: Net pairwise volatility spillover between the FTSE100 index and FTSE100 index future https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-mean-absolute-returns-for-ftse100-afwa1ja7.png FIGURE 1.3: Mean absolute returns for FTSE100 https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-interference-networks-in-qos-parameters-in-4euuws3ul2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-bayesian-networks-with-worst-throughput-inference-with-2s4isgfa.png Fig. 8. Bayesian networks with worst throughput inference with interference applied to ground floor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bayesian-networks-without-inference-with-interference-gn6aj208.png Fig. 4. Bayesian networks without inference with interference to ground floor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bayesian-networks-results-without-interference-to-1il4zu0o.png Fig. 3. Bayesian networks results(without interference) to: ground floor(a) and first floor(b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bayesian-networks-results-with-interference-to-ground-2mnuzgy4.png Fig. 2. Bayesian networks results(with interference) to: ground floor(a) and first floor(b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-bayesian-networks-with-largest-power-inference-without-1erbau3a.png Fig. 7. Bayesian networks with largest power inference without interference applied to ground floor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-bayesian-networks-without-inference-without-1kwb59na.png Fig. 5. Bayesian networks without inference without interference to ground floor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-bayesian-networks-with-worst-throughput-inference-1p65dgt5.png Fig. 9. Bayesian networks with worst throughput inference without interference applied to ground floor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-bayesian-networks-with-largest-power-inference-with-3czq0c3a.png Fig. 6. Bayesian networks with largest power inference with interference applied to ground floor. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-investor-sentiment-on-sector-indices-the-4x2sl8o09b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sector-indices-in-the-study-period-1jj2et1b.png Fig. 2. Sector indices in the study period https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ini-index-18hglisg.png Fig. 1. INI index https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-mechanically-weak-layers-in-controlling-3ul2uuad99 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fxvcnxoc.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-lubrication-and-the-solid-fluid-interaction-491tn7l2g8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-thermodynamic-properties-of-the-fluid-top-197hgbmv.png Figure 9: Thermodynamic properties of the fluid: (top) temperature, (middle) density, and (bottom) pressure field at the simulation time τ ∗ = 554 from the lubricated simulation with the energy of the solid-fluid interaction ε̃∗ = 1.3. Each variable is averaged over the box length in x-direction, cf. Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-mechanical-forces-and-coefficient-of-decfpsq4.png Figure 4: Average mechanical forces and coefficient of friction: a) average normal forces, b) average tangential forces, and c) average coefficient of friction as a function of the energy of the solidfluid interaction ε̃∗. The average mechanical properties were computed as time averages during the starting phase of the scratching (142 < τ ∗ < 335) and the steady state of the scratching (335 < τ ∗ < 625). The results form the dry simulation are taken as reference. The starting phase is indicated by blue symbols, the steady state phase by black symbols. Lines are a guide for the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-table-of-contents-graphic-graphical-abstract-1santna4.png Figure 13: Table of contents graphic/ graphical abstract. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-normal-a-and-tangential-b-forces-between-the-30maef8p.png Figure 5: Normal (a) and tangential (b) forces between the indenter and the fluid during the entire contact process. (c) shows the amount of trapped fluid molecules in the gap (as defined in Fig. 2). The color of the lines is coded by the energy of the solid-fluid interaction ε̃∗. The dashed lines indicate the beginning and the end of the scratching phase from left to right. The inset in (a) highlights the starting phase of the indentation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pairwise-interaction-energies-employed-in-the-1aaoyhyc.png Table 1: Pairwise interaction energies employed in the present study; all interaction energies are reduced by the interaction energy of the fluid ε∗ = ε/εF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-energy-balance-of-the-entire-contact-process-the-2k8cmiyg.png Figure 8: Energy balance of the entire contact process. The solid lines correspond to the dry case, the shaded areas indicate the maximum and minimum of the lubricated cases at each time step. Black corresponds to the work done by the indenter, gray to the internal energy of the substrate, blue to the internal energy of the fluid, and red to the heat removed from the simulation domain via the thermostat layer of the substrate. The vertical dashed lines indicate the beginning of the scratching and the retraction – from left to right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-setup-of-the-simulation-box-for-the-indentation-2zt664mx.png Figure 1: Setup of the simulation box for the indentation, scratching, and retraction of the indenter – not true-to-scale. The indenter is either in a vacuum environment (dry case) or fully immersed in fluid (18 different lubricated cases differing in the energy of the interaction between the fluid and the solids (substrate and indenter) ε̃∗). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-average-chip-temperature-during-the-steady-state-3nk1na0x.png Figure 12: Average chip temperature during the steady state of the scratching (335 < τ ∗ < 625) with respect to the dry case as a function of the energy of the solid-fluid interaction ε̃∗. The chip geometry was calculated as defined in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-microbial-factors-on-the-susceptibility-of-4a3xxne1jl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-fimbrial-expression-on-photocatalytic-4soj6znu.png Figure 1 Effect of fimbrial expression on photocatalytic destruction of E. coli NCTC 12241 (a) control (stationary phase) culture and (b) serially passaged culture : TiO2 and UV; □: UV only; ∆: dark control (TiO2 only). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-e-coli-cultures-showing-a-normal-colony-phenotype-9mjb142o.png Figure 2 E. coli cultures showing (a) normal colony phenotype (non-biofilm producing 537 E. coli NCTC 8110) and (b) lacy colony phenotype indicating expression of curli 538 fimbriae (biofilm producing E. coli NCTC 12241). 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-out-of-band-modes-in-system-inversion-wi1wbvbbgw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-time-history-b-detail-time-history-and-c-frequency-3h7stqqb.png Fig. 6: (a) Time history, (b) detail time history, and (c) frequency spectrum up to 1000 Hz of the estimated force p1 (red dashed line) and comparison to the applied force (blue solid line). The begin and end of the impact are indicated in (b) by a vertical dashed line. The undamped natural frequencies are indicated in (c) by vertical dashed lines, the antiresonance frequencies of the full-order model by vertical dotted lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-footbridge-in-ninove-belgium-29v7ut83.png Fig. 12: The footbridge in Ninove, Belgium. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-sensor-configuration-ninove-footbridge-white-circle-9t3cxpsx.png Fig. 13: Sensor configuration Ninove footbridge (white circle: GMS-18 unit, black circle: uniaxial accelerometer, gray circle: optical displacement sensor, white square: load cell with pneumatic artificial muscle). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-time-history-b-detail-time-history-and-c-frequency-3mpqtd5y.png Fig. 5: (a) Time history, (b) detail time history, and (c) frequency spectrum up to 1000 Hz of the simulated displacement d4 for 200 modes (solid blue line) and 4 modes (red dashed line). The begin and end of the impact are indicated in (b) by a vertical dashed line. The undamped natural frequencies are indicated in (c) by vertical dashed lines, the antiresonance frequencies of the full-order model by vertical dotted lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-time-history-b-detail-time-history-and-c-frequency-2e0dfgjn.png Fig. 11: (a) Time history, (b) detail time history, and (c) frequency spectrum up to 1000 Hz of the estimated force p̂1 obtained from the joint input-state estimation algorithm without dummy mode correction (red dashed line) and comparison to the applied force (blue solid line). The begin and end of the impact are indicated in (b) by a vertical dashed line. The undamped natural frequencies are indicated in (c) by vertical dashed lines, the antiresonance frequencies of the full-order model by vertical dotted lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-time-history-b-detail-time-history-and-c-frequency-30g6m4b3.png Fig. 10: (a) Time history, (b) detail time history, and (c) frequency spectrum up to 1000 Hz of the estimated force p̂1 obtained from the joint input-state estimation algorithm with dummy mode correction (red dashed line) and comparison to the applied force (blue solid line). The begin and end of the impact are indicated in (b) by a vertical dashed line. The undamped natural frequencies are indicated in (c) by vertical dashed lines, the antiresonance frequencies of the full-order model by vertical dotted lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-side-view-left-and-front-view-right-of-a-simply-3hkx5awd.png Fig. 1: Side view (left) and front view (right) of a simply supported steel beam, indicating the force p1 and the locations where the vertical response of the structure is calculated (ai: acceleration i, di: displacement i). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-time-history-b-detail-time-history-and-c-frequency-5gjqt6c4.png Fig. 3: (a) Time history, (b) detail time history, and (c) frequency spectrum up to 1000 Hz of the applied impact force. The begin and end of the impact are indicated in (b) by a vertical dashed line. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-music-on-mental-effort-and-driving-1jwz3sgw82 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mediation-analysis-to-test-whether-mental-effort-lxf2nr5x.png Fig. 4. Mediation analysis to test whether mental effort mediates the relationship between music and time-to-contact with the parked car. Note: The beta value in parenthesis refers to the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable after controlling for the effect of the mediating variable. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mental-effort-scores-based-on-the-rsme-ratings-for-the-1ji9u02b.png Fig. 1. Mental effort scores based on the RSME ratings for the c https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-perceived-brand-quality-and-perceived-brand-3es4xxo5tn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-validation-and-reliability-2zla6o0e.png Table 1. Data Validation and Reliability https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-analysis-150rxhuy.png Table 2. Regression Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-comparison-between-htc-and-iphone-for-pbq-and-3a0p64cr.png Table 3. Mean Comparison Between HTC and iPhone for PBQ and PBP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-influence-of-pbq-and-pbp-on-cpl-for-htc-and-iphone-39gn7w7t.png Figure 2. Influence of PBQ and PBP on CPL for HTC and iPhone https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-research-framework-2vaaahro.png Figure 1. Research framework https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-pipeline-supports-stiffness-onto-the-water-1f1sn8hn6c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-pressure-power-spectrum-of-p1-signal-produced-by-2wxzd8vw.png Figure 11. Pressure power spectrum of P1 signal produced by transverse (5) impact at point B https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-pressure-power-spectra-of-p1-signal-produced-by-35qf5y75.png Figure 10. Pressure power spectra of P1 signal produced by longitudinal (1) impact at point B https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-pressure-run-at-the-valve-for-98m-long-cooper-25l6b7kc.png Figure 14. Pressure run at the valve for 98m long cooper pipeline of diameter 16mm fixed rigidly to the floor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-acceleration-power-spectrum-of-db2-signal-produced-t3inyufb.png Figure 12. Acceleration power spectrum of DB2 signal produced by transverse (5) impact at point B for L2 supports configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-acceleration-power-spectrum-of-db2-signal-produced-2q7ktcpr.png Figure 13. Acceleration power spectrum of DB2 signal produced by transverse (5) impact at point B for L4 supports configuration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-functional-scheme-of-the-test-rig-3l7kuan8.png Figure 1. Functional scheme of the test rig https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-flat-springs-from-the-left-fs2-fs3-fs4-and-fsr-for-1cys6okq.png Figure 4. Flat springs (from the left) FS2, FS3, FS4, and FSR for supporting the pipeline https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-modal-hammer-with-elastic-tip-used-for-generating-1gvg0arq.png Figure 5. Modal hammer with elastic tip used for generating pipeline transient vibrations https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-polarity-on-flux-and-rejection-behaviour-in-2eq0d0xlf3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effects-of-oxygenate-type-and-activity-on-rejection-25ry91q5.png Figure 4: Effects of oxygenate type and activity on rejection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effects-of-oxygenate-type-and-concentration-on-30f6ox86.png Figure 3: Effects of oxygenate type and concentration on rejection from xylene/oxygenate mixtures. Data obtained with membrane samples 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-crossflow-membrane-filtration-1gfj2kew.png Figure 1: Schematic of the crossflow membrane filtration apparatus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-crossflow-rate-on-the-rejection-of-3tqi7z9n.png Figure 2: Effect of crossflow rate on the rejection of ethanol from a 15% w/w ethanol/xylene mixture using membrane sample 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-effects-of-solvent-type-and-pressure-on-ethanol-2ciu88wl.png Figure 10: Effects of solvent type and pressure on ethanol rejection from a solvent/ethanol mixture; 25% w/w ethanol in the feed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-effect-of-pressure-on-total-flux-for-xylene-ethanol-tix2ndwv.png Figure 9: Effect of pressure on total flux for xylene/ethanol mixtures with non-zero intercepts highlighted by dashed lines. The ethanol concentration in each case is shown in the legend on a weight basis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-the-membranes-used-in-the-study-y3o6tqx4.png Table 1: Properties of the membranes used in the study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-classification-and-properties-of-test-materials-345tnsci.png Table 2: Classification and properties of test materials. Molecular dimensions estimated using bond-lengths and covalent radii, and resolving bond angles to a particular plane. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-preconceptions-on-perceived-sound-reduction-u8or4li11q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-response-sheet-for-test-1-1id5qvwz.png Table 1. Response sheet for Test 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-an-example-of-the-questionnaire-sequence-of-barriers-2jmfbdpb.png Table 2. An example of the questionnaire: Sequence of barriers determined using a Latin square function https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-product-and-personal-attributes-on-organic-4npwbcdqyh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-of-h2a-testing-2fwioie7.png Table 6 Results of H2a Testing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-results-of-h2b-testing-1nqjxnyj.png Table 7 Results of H2b Testing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-moderation-effect-of-variety-seeking-on-the-6frzz379.png Fig. 4. Moderation effect of variety seeking on the relationship between brand and purchase intention for PC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-assessment-of-price-importance-1cdxvrxx.png Table 8 Assessment of price importance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-moderation-effect-of-self-indulgence-on-the-n6mtkwln.png Fig. 3. Moderation effect of self-indulgence on the relationship between certification and purchase intention for PC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-mediation-model-testing-quality-1ga8xdc3.png Table 5 Results of mediation model testing: quality assessment as a mediator between organic food attributes and purchase intention (prospective consumers) / repurchase intention (experienced consumers). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-organic-food-traits-assessment-between-prospective-and-3nj632mc.png Fig. 1. Organic food traits assessment between prospective and experienced consumers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-results-for-the-relationships-among-traits-associated-or0daygq.png Fig. 2. Results for the relationships among traits associated with organic food, quality assessment, and purchase/repurchase intention. Note: P=prospective consumers, E=experienced consumers. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-preoperative-vaginal-cleansing-on-1ar4vlf70o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-demographic-and-clinical-data-from-7193-women-with-215g7hco.png Table I. Demographic and clinical data from 7193 women with abdominal total hysterectomy on benign indications split up after mode of preoperative vaginal cleansing. Univariate analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-associations-between-mode-of-vaginal-cleansing-and-3432pzsf.png Table III. Associations between mode of vaginal cleansing and postoperative infectious morbidity treated with antibiotics registered by the physician at discharge from the hospital or at follow up visits, or by the patient in the postal questionnaire for 6084 women. Multivariate analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-associations-between-mode-of-vaginal-cleansing-and-gjjp32x0.png Table II. Associations between mode of vaginal cleansing and postoperative infectious morbidity registered at discharge from hospital in 7046 women. Multivariate analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-predictive-factors-for-postoperative-infectious-1i3k3t57.png Table IV. Predictive factors for postoperative infectious morbidity treated with antibiotics after abdominal total hysterectomy on benign indication. Multivariate analyses. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-role-models-on-immigrant-self-employment-a-2mll4k6ara 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-descriptive-statistics-2lpi6mgn.png Table 1. Selected descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-geographical-distribution-of-urbanized-and-2jwviynu.png Figure 2. The geographical distribution of urbanized and rural local units https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regression-results-for-the-unpooled-model-by-25skt54c.png Table 6. Regression results for the unpooled model, by neighbours definition (urban subsample) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-regression-results-for-the-unpooled-model-by-3tjffnia.png Table 7. Regression results for the unpooled model, by neighbours definition (rural subsample) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-descriptive-statistics-for-the-urban-suburb-v3aooxc2.png Table 2. Selected descriptive statistics for the urban/suburb and rural subsamples https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-morans-i-values-for-immigrant-self-employment-rates-1as60ssw.png Table 5. Moran’s I values for immigrant self-employment rates by definition of proximity https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-results-for-the-pooled-models-sk4qvhp6.png Table 3. Regression results for the pooled models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correlograms-for-lags-by-neighbouring-definitions-a-35q92mry.png Figure 4. Correlograms for lags by neighbouring definitions: (a) k-nearest neighbours; (b) rook contiguity; (c) distance thresholds. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-semantically-related-and-unrelated-text-45qinvm2mx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-as-for-figure-2-but-for-six-conditions-and-at-1fevgoqd.png Figure 3. As for Figure 2, but for six conditions and at Speech-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs) corresponding to 16 or 29% correct sentence-perception. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-means-and-standard-deviations-error-bars-of-the-30i9ir1y.png Figure 1. Means and standard deviations (error bars) of the Speech Reception Thresholds (SRTs) in the SRT29%, SRT50%, and SRT71% conditions. Familiar sentences were visually presented on the preceding day in the cue-generation test. SNR = Speech-to-Noise Ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-means-and-standard-deviations-error-bars-of-the-1nbj8jkf.png Figure 2. Means and standard deviations (error bars) of the percentage of sentences that were entirely correctly reproduced (Figure 2a) and the percentage correctly repeated words (Figure 2b) in each of the 15 conditions of the cued speech-perception test. SNR = Speech-to-Noise Ratio; these levels corresponded to 29, 50, or 71% correct sentence-perception and were individually determined in the Speech-Reception-Threshold test. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-tetraethoxysilane-sol-preparation-on-the-fqz8rya9b1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-electrospinning-stability-of-sols-prepared-via-the-21ste7qn.png Table 3: Electrospinning stability of sols prepared via the Allihn and Liebig set-up https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-atr-ftir-a-and-29si-nmr-b-spectra-of-sols-with-a-2lg454kw.png Figure 3: ATR-FTIR (A) and 29Si NMR (B) spectra of sols with a viscosity of 10 an 177 mPa s prepared in the open system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-parameters-influencing-the-electrospinning-process-a2diveux.png Figure 8: Parameters influencing the electrospinning process and their optimum values necessary for stable electrospinning resulting in uniform, beadless nanofibers stable in time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-picture-of-large-30x20-cm-flexible-silica-1nyq1nhx.png Figure 11: Picture of large (30x20 cm) flexible silica nanofibrous sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-nanofiber-diameters-as-a-function-of-the-viscosity-1v0yypit.png Figure 12: Nanofiber diameters as a function of the viscosity for sols prepared via the three set-ups, focus (frame) is given to the samples prepared in the stable viscosity region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-overview-of-the-sol-parameters-ydiv8t62.png Figure 1: Schematic overview of the sol parameters influencing the viscosity and the electrospinning process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-29si-nmr-spectra-of-sols-prepared-in-the-open-1scdxqb3.png Figure 4: 29Si NMR spectra of sols prepared in the open system and Liebig set-up (A), and 29Si NMR spectra of a diluted and a undiluted sol prepared in the Liebig set-up (B) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-colloidal-particle-size-in-the-sols-prepared-via-bhj3gyqi.png Figure 7: Colloidal particle size in the sols prepared via the Liebig set-up (left) and Allihn set-up (right) https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-socioeconomic-characteristics-land-use-and-30rdz6cjn2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-type-of-municipalit-3hp6w900.png Fig. 1. Type of municipalit https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-modal-split-for-medium-and-longer-distance-trips-by-d00ijxd3.png Fig. 2. Modal split for medium- and longer-distance trips, by purpose, car availability index, and land use factors: (a) car availability index, (b) local specialisation index for urban centre (destination) and (c) national specialisation index for services (destination). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-binary-logit-model-for-mode-choice-for-medium-and-uro1bbqo.png Table 2 Binary logit model for mode choice for medium- and longer-distance travel stratified by trip purpose https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-modal-split-for-medium-and-longer-distance-travel-by-3dqfcuc9.png Table 1 Modal split for medium- and longer-distance travel, by trip purpose, socioeconomic, and land use factors (in %) https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-the-production-process-on-mechanical-4zxpt4rqev 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-process-conditions-of-production-3go0wbho.png Table 2 Process conditions of production https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-production-of-testing-samples-by-injection-molding-mimo2iqf.png Fig. 3 Production of testing samples by injection molding https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-tear-strength-vs-curing-time-fig-9-indentation-2p1qxdfn.png Fig. 8 Tear strength vs. curing time Fig. 9 Indentation hardness vs. curing time https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-curing-specification-for-160degc-uirgyju7.png Table 1 Curing specification for 160°C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-test-sample-dumbbell-type-1-fig-2-test-sample-graves-8p55ra5l.png Fig. 1 Test sample – dumbbell (type 1) Fig. 2 Test sample – graves (without nick) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tensile-strength-vs-curing-time-fig-5-modulus-100-vs-2cl9ymoj.png Fig. 4 Tensile strength vs. curing time Fig. 5 Modulus 100 vs. curing time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-modulus-200-vs-curing-time-fig-7-modulus-300-vs-curing-1zdsbug6.png Fig. 6 Modulus 200 vs. curing time Fig. 7 Modulus 300 vs. curing time https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-the-indentation-size-in-relation-to-the-2of0un1xjf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-indentation-parameters-ugf9p0l5.png Table 2. Indentation parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-height-measurement-and-b-pile-up-patterns-along-umsklzhj.png Figure 8. a) Height measurement and b) pile-up patterns along the three edges of the residual imprint after the indentation at 240 mN of a polished surface of CrMoV steel with 0.06 µm colloidal silica. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-imprint-area-of-indentation-measured-via-afm-a-2n1ihvsz.png Table 3. Imprint area of indentation measured via AFM (A) compared with the area projected by an ideal indenter (Ap) at hmax. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-height-measurement-and-b-pile-up-patterns-along-38nl7bcj.png Figure 7. a) Height measurement and b) pile-up patterns along the three edges of the residual imprint after the indentation at 240 mN of a polished surface of CrMoV steel with 1 µm diamond suspension. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ratio-of-maximum-pile-up-to-maximum-indentation-13t8r33k.png Table 4. Ratio of maximum pile-up to maximum indentation depth as measured via atomic force microscopy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-optical-microscope-and-b-surface-topography-1rhjzaxr.png Figure 14. a) Optical microscope and b) surface topography after a macrohardness Vickers indenter test at 20 kgf performed on the C110 specimen. The c) surface profile has been extracted from scans along the two diagonals of indentation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sensitivity-of-hardness-value-to-the-indentation-23q1y2uw.png Figure 3. Sensitivity of hardness value to the indentation load for a) C110, b) CrMoV and c) Ti-6Al-4V. Error bars represent 1 standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-residual-imprint-left-by-an-indenter-tilted-with-33650tsd.png Figure 11. Residual imprint left by an indenter tilted with respect to the normal of the surface by 2° around a, b) U1, c, d) U3, and e, f) U1 and U3. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-surface-roughness-on-nucleate-pool-boiling-53k4ik52eh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-boiling-curves-for-fc-77-a-heat-flux-versus-wall-slroklbe.png Fig. 4 Boiling curves for FC-77: „a… heat flux versus wall superheat and „b… heat transfer coefficient versus heat flux https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-nucleate-boiling-correlations-2hwjt81l.png Table 3 Nucleate boiling correlations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-boiling-curves-showing-the-hysteresis-effect-for-a-28bllgn5.png Fig. 5 Boiling curves showing the hysteresis effect for „a… water and „b… FC-77, where q_ indicates data obtained in order of increasing heat flux and q` indicates those in order of decreasing heat flux. It is noted that a smaller heat flux increment was used experimentally than is indicated in „b…; only a fraction of the data are included to improve readability of the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-photographs-of-the-boiling-process-in-water-for-d92ygru0.png Fig. 6 Photographs of the boiling process in water for varying heat flux and surface roughness. The physical width of each image is approximately 25 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-dependence-of-heat-flux-exponent-n-in-the-relationship-2kysdbpc.png Fig. 9 Dependence of heat flux exponent n in the relationship hÊqn on surface roughness https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-of-pool-boiling-facility-and-b-top-view-of-29bwl20w.png Fig. 1 „a… Schematic of pool boiling facility and „b… top view of test block showing the locations of thermocouples and cartridge heaters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-comparison-between-experimental-data-and-predictions-oyjmb8xr.png Fig. 12 Comparison between experimental data and predictions from the Leiner correlation †59‡ for „a… water and „b… FC-77 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-photographs-of-the-boiling-process-in-fc-77-for-1r6ixx8m.png Fig. 7 Photographs of the boiling process in FC-77 for varying heat flux and surface roughness. The physical width of each image is approximately 7.3 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-truncating-the-carboxy-terminal-amino-acid-34gx8fz6og 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dpi-the-raw-data-a-the-raw-data-of-a-dpi-measurement-2amtgneq.png Fig 2. DPI, the raw data. A. The raw data of a DPI measurement representing deposition of Str. enolase DB with no hexa-his tag on a silicon oxynitride chip. Only one channel is presented. As shown in the last line of Table 1, this protein does not bind to the chip. B. Raw data from a single channel. The figure shows the detector response when three injections of Str. enolase 137/363 were made. This saturated the chip. The Str. enolase 137/363 was followed by two injections of DPgn which bound to the Str. enolase surface layer. The black, solid trace is the TM signal; the dotted trace the TE signal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-auc-of-str-enolase-db-dpgn-and-the-mix-of-the-two-1zsg6qfm.png Fig 6. AUC of Str. enolase DB, DPgn and the mix of the two proteins. The Sedfit analysis. The top panel shows that the two proteins do not appear to interact in the analytical ultracentrifuge. The black trace is the c(s) fit to the actual mixture while the red trace is the sum of the fits to the individual proteins shown in the lower panel (black, DPgn; red, Str. enolase DB). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-difference-plot-emphasizes-the-loss-of-components-2ebmmi7i.png Fig 9. The difference plot emphasizes the loss of components. A plot of the mixture of [Str. enolase 137/363–4 and DPgn]–[the algebraic sum of the individual c(s) analyses]. The 137/363–4 concentration was 4.75 μM and DPgn was 1.82 μM, concentrations relatively far from the KA. The major gain of components from the mix is in the region of s = 6.5. The major troughs are at s = 5.7 (DPgn and Str. enolase 137/363–4) and at s = 3–4 (Str. enolase 137/363–4). The eye would indicate that the loss of Str. enolase 137/363–4 is substantially less than the loss of dimers + DPgn. It must be noted that the 280 nm extinction coefficient of the Str. enolase monomer is only 1/3 that of DPgn. The inset emphasizes the difference spectrum between s values 8 and 16. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-surface-representations-of-the-str-enolase-and-human-200xpbhv.png Fig 1. Surface representations of the Str. enolase and human plasminogen crystal structures. A. The homo-octamer of Str. enolase (green) presented in front and side view. The red color represents the carboxy-terminal amino acid residues from 428 to 433 at the dimer-dimer interface where the truncations were made; the salmon color represents the amino acid residues 252 and 255. The last two residues, 434, 435, are not visible in the X-ray structure nor are the residues of the hexa-his tag. The dimensions of Str. enolase are 15 nm x 5 nm. B. Human plasminogen with the five kringle domains and the preproteolytic domain shown in different colors. Its dimensions are 10 nm x 8.5 nm x 5 nm. The crystal structures were taken from the PDB (Str. enolase 3ZLH) [10] and Plasminogen (4DUU) [8]. These structures are not shown in identical scales. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-analyzed-data-of-dpi-measurements-thickness-panel-a-3syg2gvf.png Fig 3. Analyzed data of DPI measurements. Thickness (Panel A) and mass (Panel B) resulting from the deposition of Str. enolase variants on the sensor chip are shown in the figure. These are represented by filled circles. The total thickness and total mass, as a result of subsequent deposition of DPgn on the pre-deposited Str. enolase variants, are represented by filled squares. The data shown are average of at least two experiments and the error bars represent variations in determining precise values from multiple experiments. For data where the variation is within the symbol, error bars are not shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-analysis-of-the-binding-of-dpgn-to-str-enolase-137-363-3l02tj9w.png Fig 5. Analysis of the binding of DPgn to Str. enolase 137/363–4 immobilized on Ni-NTA. A one to two model was fit to the data of Fig 4 The different injections of DPgn are shown as colored traces whereas the black lines are the fits. Each concentration was done in duplicate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-global-fit-of-137-363-4-binding-to-dpgn-the-3501fahv.png Fig 8. The global fit of 137/363–4 binding to DPgn: The dissociation coefficient. The two proteins were incubated together and centrifuged. The two sets, upper and lower, show the same data. The lower set shows the data in a way such that the fit lines are visible when zoomed. The upper set shows the fit data and the goodness of fit. The fit data can be easily read when zoomed. The overall locRMSD for the fit is 0.01045. Each panel represents a separate experiment run on a separate day. Str. enolase 137/363–4 concentrations varied between 1 μM and 11.7 μM; DPgn concentrations varied between 0.43 μM and 4.2 μM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dpgn-binding-to-other-forms-of-immobilized-v7mymcwc.png Table 1. DPgn binding to other forms of immobilized Streptococcus pyogenese enolase determined by DPI. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-the-viewpoint-in-a-self-avatar-on-body-part-1esywqah33 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-image-of-the-avatar-adaptation-phase-from-the-3t5l1m78.png Figure 3: Image of the Avatar Adaptation Phase from the Viewpoint at: Left: Eye-height, and Right: Chest-height. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-female-and-male-smpl-avatars-used-in-the-tifs1gfj.png Figure 2: The Female and Male SMPL Avatars used in the Experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pre-test-before-the-avatar-adaptation-phase-2esiu9j1.png Figure 4: Pre-test (before the Avatar Adaptation Phase) pointing for body Part localization. Mean error distances between pointed at and physical body part location, per target body part, for pre-test trials (N = 23; error bars: ± 1 SE). Data was collapsed over viewpoint groups. The error distances are directional, with negative being down and positive being up relative to the physical location of the participant’s target body part. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-shift-in-pointing-for-body-part-localization-3ve9u10y.png Figure 5: Shift in Pointing for Body Part localization between Pre-test and Post-test in Terms of Mean Error Distance between Pointed at and Physical body Part Location, per Target Body Part (N = 23; error bars: ± 1 SE). The shifts are directional, with negative being down and positive being up relative to the pre-test body part localization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pre-test-before-the-avatar-adaptation-phase-2mizi9kk.png Figure 6: Pre-test (Before the Avatar Adaptation Phase) Selflocalization in terms of Percentages of Trials Pointed at the Different Body Regions (N = 23; error bars: ± 1 SE). Data was collapsed over viewpoint groups, as they showed no significant differences. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-shift-in-pointing-for-self-localization-between-k86y47r9.png Figure 7: Shift in Pointing for Self-localization between Pretest and Post-test in Terms of Percentages of Trials Pointed at theDifferent BodyRegions (N = 23; error bars:± 1 SE). The changes are directional, with negative being less and positive being more pointing to the participant’s physical body regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-mean-percentage-of-the-maximum-score-for-the-three-36heinnn.png Figure 8: Mean Percentage of the Maximum Score for the Three Components of the Conscious Full-body Selfperception Questionnaire per Viewpoint (N = 23; error bars: ± 1 SE). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-a-close-up-view-of-a-pointer-stimulus-center-a-1irypfmv.png Figure 1: Left: A Close-up View of a Pointer Stimulus. Center: A Schematic Depiction of the Setup during the Pointing Task. The dotted line indicates the range of possible pointer rotations. The pointer starting direction was either straight up or down. Three pointer heights were spread out across the complete height of the participant’s body: at 0, 0.5, and 1 x total body height; the viewing distance was 3.5 meters. Right: A Participant in the Experimental Setup during the Self-avatar Adaptation Phase. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-the-ship-s-speed-and-distance-to-an-jznw5n7otc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-d2b-1vs-ya-for-t0z-10kts-554rpm-h-1-50t-the-2o1cgsh5.png Figure 11 d2b-1vs YA for T0Z, 10kts, 554rpm, h=1.50T (the horizontal axis is intentionally left blank for reasons of confidentiality. The origin (0,0) lies on the intersection of both axes). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-tuck-number-tu-v-in-the-sub-frh-1-and-super-296hnxga.png Figure 12 the Tuck number Tu(V) in the sub (Frh<1) and super critical (Frh>1) speed region https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-graphical-interpretation-top-down-of-khship-khs-22b4hchs.png Figure 10 graphical interpretation (top down) of χship, χS (the integrated area at starboard) and χP (the integrated and weighted area at port) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-cross-section-of-a-vessel-in-a-ohsokfvg.png Figure 1 a schematic cross section of a vessel in a rectangular fairway (port side (P) to the left, starboard side (S) to the right), at rest (above) and with forward speed https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-water-surface-deformation-left-and-streamlines-2uonzdp2.png Figure 2 water surface deformation (left) and streamlines (right) of a ship (T0Z) sailing close to a vertical bank https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-lateral-force-at-the-forward-perpendicular-2lp7fdsp.png Figure 13 the lateral force at the forward perpendicular without an active propeller action (0 rpm) plotted for the same test with active propeller action (according to selfpropulsion in open water). Abscissa and ordinate are intentionally left blank for reasons of confidentiality. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-main-dimensions-of-the-towing-tank-at-fhr-2kdzuyn9.png Table 1 the main dimensions of the towing tank at FHR https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-dimensions-ships-tested-at-full-scale-italic-10vwiol8.png Table 2 Main dimensions ships tested at full scale, Italic written drafts are design drafts https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-the-symmetry-energy-on-the-structure-of-1jb77q21gs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-panel-binding-energy-of-the-asymmetric-hyperon-36tn9fr2.png Fig. 1. Left panel: Binding energy of the asymmetric hyperon-rich matter as a function of baryon density nB , calculated for different values of the strangeness fraction δS . The results for the TM1-weak and TM1-extended models are included. Right panel: EoSs for hyperon-rich neutron star matter as a function of strangeness fraction. Dots represent the maximum mass configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-panel-the-density-dependence-of-symmetry-energy-28r1o0be.png Fig. 2. Left panel: The density dependence of symmetry energy calculated for different values of parameter ΛV and compared with the results obtained for the realistic nuclear potential models [14]. Right panel: The density dependence of symmetry energy calculated for chosen value of parameter ΛV = 0.0165 in the case of asymmetric strangeness-rich matter (δa = 0.5); δS = 0.37 and δS = 0.6 represent the maximal values of strangeness fraction achievable in the maximum mass configuration for extended and weak model, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-the-visualization-task-on-the-simulator-47pyq9f25c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-number-of-valid-participants-for-each-sub-1pduwc1b.png Table 4. The number of valid participants for each sub-experiment; in brackets, the original number of participants accepted after the vision tests. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-n-o-and-d-cluster-symptom-scores-for-the-3dtv-385qwros.png Fig. 1. The N, O, and D cluster symptom scores for the 3DTV screen (left) and the 3D glasses (right), as recorded before (top) and after (bottom) the visualization experiments for each of the four tasks (in different colors). The * symbols indicate the significance levels of the Wilcoxon rank sum test on the differences between corresponding categories before and after the test (1%, 5%, and >5% significance level from the largest to the smallest * symbol). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-adapted-ssq-used-in-our-study-the-questions-used-1ag8hgu4.png Table 3. The adapted SSQ used in our study (the questions used and the weights for computing the N, O, and D symptom scores). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-four-different-scenes-at-the-basis-of-our-2lop894d.png Table 1. The four different scenes at the basis of our stereoscopic database. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-test-conditions-considered-for-our-stereoscopic-zphy26av.png Table 2. The test conditions considered for our stereoscopic database. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-viscosity-and-surface-curvature-on-the-4kle2xam7o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-static-thrust-measurements-refs-1-and-2-6gkghvdw.png Figure 1. Static thrust measurements (Refs. 1 and 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-of-axi-symmetric-probe-zj3uhj79.png Figure 3. Schematic of axi-symmetric probe. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pitot-probe-in-the-exhaust-of-a-rocket-engine-2o3ustqp.png Figure 2. Pitot probe in the exhaust of a rocket engine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-relationship-for-u11-3qatljch.png Figure 8. Relationship for U11. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-new-second-order-pressure-distribution-3gw5h3gw.png Figure 7. New second-order pressure distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-additional-optimized-probes-compared-to-desired-3z0s79sr.png Table 1. Additional optimized probes compared to desired distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-optimized-probe-shape-and-pressure-distribution-57064dzi.png Figure 12. Optimized probe shape and pressure distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-desired-supersonic-distribution-psc0qcr4.png Figure 4. Desired supersonic distribution. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-velocity-of-length-change-on-tension-24rlyrnhe6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-superimposed-tension-responses-obtained-at-three-3eabdwvt.png Fig. 5. Superimposed tension responses obtained at three ditferent velocities of release at two different amplitudes. In the experiment: RFV = 4.4, 8.8 and 13.2 nm ms- t; RFD = 7 (above) and 14 nm. In the simulations: RFV = 5, 10 and 20 nm ms-‘; RFD = 7 and 10 nm. Calibration bar: 2 ms. The occurrence of a shoulder (inflexion) during the release is seen to be dependent of both the amplitude and of the velocity of release. For the slowest release a shoulder occurs at an RFD value of 5 nm for the JSS-model, at 7 nm for the experiment and 10 nm for the HS-model. When RFV is increased the shoulder occurs earlier and at a lower tension value. Note that in the experiment the peak value of amplitude is about 40% larger than in both model simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-experimental-and-simulated-t-and-rr-curves-for-1cmt3phr.png Fig. 7. Experimental and simulated T, and rr curves for dinerent parameter values of RFV. Tensions T, (solid lines) and r, (exp: _. 0.. .o.. _ o. .; sim:-o---) are depicted as tensions relative to the isometric tension 7,, and as a function of the amplitude RFD (in nm). In the experiment: RFV = 4.4 ( x ). 8.8 (g) and 13.2nm ms-’ (L). In the simulationsl RFV = 1, 5. 10, 20. 50 and x (the instantaneous TL curve) nm ms - ). For lower values of RFV they, curves approach the7, curve at lower values oilhe amplitude RFD. A shoulder is seen in all curves obtained for release both in the experiment and in the simulations of both models. In the JSS-model it is seen that tension T, for RFV = 1 nmms -I exceeds the r, curve when the amplitude of release is larger than 7 nm. For larger values of RFD performed at this velocity (or lower) no tension T2 can be detected. This also means that rz is only independent of RFV for at least moderate values. For stretches a shoulder shape is revealed only in the T, curve calculated for RFV = 1 nmms-‘. The instantaneous ~, curve (dashed line) in the experimental figure is drawn by eye as the initial tangent to the T, curve depicted for RFV = 13.2 nm ms - ‘. The slopes of the instantaneous T, curve and the final slope of the Tz curve are seen to be direrent III the experiment and similar in the simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-responsesofdifferent-amplitudesofstretch-performed-at-2hbefrm1.png Fig. 4. Responsesofdifferent amplitudesofstretch performed at constant velocity. In theexperiments: RFD = 4.4 and 8.8 nm; RFV = 13.2 nmms -I. In the simulations: RFD = 4 and 9 nm; RFV = 10 nmms-‘. Calibration bar: 2 ms. The first phase is seen to be rather linear in both model simulations. In the experiment a deviation is found showing a non-linear timecourse. After the stretchan initial fast tension fall is followed by a slower fall of tension. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-viscosity-on-the-frozen-wave-instability-48dtbvwin2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-properties-of-galden-ht135-and-the-silicone-23fqjtmp.png Table 1. Physical properties of Galden HT135 and the silicone fluids at 18◦C, where νβ denotes the kinematic viscosity and ρβ the density, in the lower layer (β =1) and the upper layer (β =2) respectively. The viscosity of the 12 500 cS silicone oil was not measured in the laboratory, and the value was taken from the data sheet at 18◦C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-time-averaged-perturbation-streamfunction-in-the-3nrie64u.png Figure 12. Time-averaged perturbation streamfunction in the vicinity of the interface plotted for −0.04 z 0.04: (a) N1 = 1, 2, 5 and 10; (b) N1 = 30, 65, 100 and 200; (c) N1 = 200, 1000, 5000 and 8000; (d) N1 = 8000, 12 000 and 60 000. The calculations were performed with d1 = d2 = 2× 10−2 m, ω=40π rad s−1, ρ1 = 1752 kgm−3, ρ2 = 966 kgm−3, γ =7× 10−3 Nm−1, ν1 = 1× 10−6 m2 s−1 and 1× 10−6 ν2 6× 10−2 m2 s−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-frozen-wave-instability-of-the-interface-between-3q8jgeny.png Figure 2. Frozen wave instability of the interface between silicone oil (ρ2 = 962 kgm −3, ν2 = 2.10× 10−4 m2 s−1) and Galden HT135 (ρ1 = 1752 kgm−3, ν2 = 1.12× 10−6 m2 s−1), under horizontal vibration. The frequency of forcing is ω=40π rad s−1 and the amplitudes, a, are equal to: (a) 2.40mm, (b) 2.60mm, (c) 2.80mm, (d) 3.20mm, (e) 3.60mm, (f ) 4.20mm. Note that snapshots (a)–(c) and (e)–(f ) were captured at the zero-displacement position (i.e. zero acceleration), within the oscillatory cycle. Snapshot (d), however, was taken slightly away from this neutral position, and thus, the waves appear slanted. All the waves are stationary in the oscillatory frame of reference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-base-flow-solutions-calculated-for-parameter-values-1is16m1b.png Figure 4. Base-flow solutions calculated for parameter values associated with Galden HT135 and silicone oils of different viscosities, are shown at the time intervals, t =0 and t = π/2, covering a quarter of a period of oscillation. Snapshots at t =3π/2, t = π and at regular time intervals within the second half of the oscillation cycle can be obtained by suitable reflections of these images. The non-dimensional parameters are R1 = 0.55, A=0.09, G0 = 3.11× 10−2, We=1.74× 104 and d =1: (a) N1 = 1, Ω =5.03× 104; (b) N1 = 1× 102, Ω =5.03× 102; (c) N1 = 1× 103, Ω =5.03× 101; (d) N1 = 1× 104, Ω =5.03; and (e) N1 = 6× 104, Ω =8.38× 10−1. Note the thinness of the boundary layers in the lower layer where the non-dimensional frequency is Ω1 =ΩN1 = 5.03× 104. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-onset-of-the-frozen-wave-instability-comparison-3b5exld6.png Figure 6. Onset of the frozen wave instability: comparison between experimental (symbols) and numerical (lines) results: (a) dimensional critical amplitude, am, versus frequency of forcing; (b) dimensional most unstable wavenumber, k∗m, versus frequency of forcing. The lower-layer viscosity is ν1 = 1.12× 10−6 m2 s−1 and the upper-layer viscosity is: ν2 = 1.14× 10−4 m2 s−1 ( , −−); ν2 = 2.10× 10−4 m2 s−1 ( , −−); ν2 = 1.15× 10−3 m2 s−1 ( , · · ·); and ν2 = 1.35× 10−2 m2 s−1 ( , −·−). The other material properties are given in section 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-between-the-experimental-measurements-3vehqedf.png Figure 10. Comparison between the experimental measurements of Ivanova et al. (2001) and the results presented in figures 9(a) and 7(b). The onset curves are shown in terms Wm/Wγ versus Ω , where Wγ is the critical value predicted by Lyubimov & Cherepanov (1987). The results of Ivanova et al. (2001) are for R1 = 0.47, N1 = 93.5, kγ =30 ± 2 and Wγ =0.42, the results of figure 9(a) are for R1 = 0.55, N1 = 102, kγ =21.3 and Wγ =0.71 and the results of figure 7(b) are for R1 = 0.49, N1 = 100, kγ =18.3 and Wγ =0.72. The data sets are in good qualitative agreement, and the quantitative differences are due to small differences in the fluid parameters. Note that the values of Ω for which the curves from figures 9(a) and 7(b) reach their minima are different since the upper- and lower-layer viscosities in these two cases differ by approximately a factor of two. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-marginal-stability-curve-in-terms-of-the-critical-2h1vtvhn.png Figure 5. Marginal stability curve in terms of the critical amplitude Ac versus the wavenumber k/kγ , where kγ = d2/lc is the capillary wavenumber. The parameters are calculated for the material properties of Galden HT135 and 1000 cS silicone given in table 1, a forcing frequency of ω=40π rad s−1 and layer depths of d1 = d2 = 2× 10−2 m. Thus, the non-dimensional parameters are Ω =3.72, N1 = 1.03× 103, R1 = 0.55, G0 = 3.11× 10−2, We=1.74×104 and d =1. Am is the critical amplitude of the most unstable wavenumber, km. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-diagram-of-the-two-layer-fluid-system-the-ay5xljh7.png Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the two-layer fluid system. The unperturbed interface (horizontal dashed line) coincides with the x ∗-axis and the perturbed interface is shown with a solid line. The superscript ∗ denotes dimensional variables. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influences-of-data-precision-on-the-calculation-of-2vpealugea 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-trends-in-exceedance-rate-of-daily-values-greater-2gz4wylx.png Figure 4. Trends in exceedance rate of daily values greater than (dark shade), or greater than or equal to (light shade) the 90th percentile in 1000 simulations in which the lag 1-day auto-correlation has been set to 0.6 and annual mean temperature trend is set to 0, −1, +1, +2 °C over 100 years. The upper and lower ends of each box are drawn at the 75th and 25th percentiles, and the bar through each box is drawn at the median. The upper and lower bars correspond to the 95th and 5th percentiles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-number-of-times-when-a-significant-trend-is-detected-3685aazk.png Table I. Number of times when a significant trend is detected in the time series of the 90th percentile exceedance rate in 1000 simulations for different data resolutions and adjustment schemes, and, the annual mean temperature trends of 0.0, −1.0, 1.0, and 2.0 °C over 100 years. GE and GT represent the exceedance rate that is computed as daily temperature greater than or equal to and greater than its 90th percentile, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-frequency-of-daily-minimum-temperatures-recorded-on-3t0z5htk.png Figure 1. Frequency of daily minimum temperatures recorded on January 1–5 at Marshall Island for 1961–1990. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-time-daily-minimum-temperatures-are-1263rkh1.png Figure 2. Percentage of time daily minimum temperatures are greater than their corresponding 90th percentiles averaged over the base period 1961–1990. Red, yellow, green, blue dots indicate stations with exceedance rate greater than 10%, between 10 and 9.5%, between 9.5 and 9%, and less than 9%, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-of-exceedance-rate-of-daily-values-gt-left-34q7zsvt.png Figure 3. Average of exceedance rate of daily values GT (left) and GE (right) the 90th percentile in 1000 simulations in which the lag 1-day auto-correlation has been set to 0.6. Thresholds are estimated using data from a 5-consecutive-day moving window and the empirical quantile as defined in Zhang et al. (2005b). Daily values are truncated to represent temperature precisions at 0.1 °C (AI), 0.5 °C (AV), and 1.0 °C (AX). Results for artificially enhancing temperature precision to 0.1 °C (i.e. AVCV, AVCX, and AXCX) are also shown. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-weathering-and-soil-organic-matter-on-zn-55auzix1kl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characterization-of-soils-and-parent-basalt-soil-ph-1zfukzf1.png Table 1 Characterization of soils and parent basalt: soil pH, total organic carbon content (OC), stable OC including the mineral protected OC (MP-OC) and the recalcitrant OC (R-OC), Zn concentration and Zn isotopic compositions (‰) (± 2SD) in soils and basalt. The δ66Zn results are reported relative to the JMC-Lyon-03-0749L. Soil types: Histic Andosol, HA; Histosol, H; Haplic Andosol, BA; Gleyic Andosol, GA; Vitric Andosol, V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evolution-of-the-bulk-soil-zn-isotope-composition-2qoo7m18.png Fig. 4. Evolution of the bulk soil Zn isotope composition (δ66Zn in ‰, ± 2SD) as a function of: (a) the soil pH measured in water (pHH2O); (b) the total organic carbon content (%) in soil; (c) the proportion of stable OC (stable OC/total OC). The horizontal dashed line represents the δ66Zn value of the basaltic parent material of the soil. Soil acronyms as in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-evolution-of-the-bulk-soil-zn-concentration-mg-g-as-a-17hefh29.png Fig. 3. Evolution of the bulk soil Zn concentration (μg/g) as a function of the total organic carbon content (%) in soil. Error bars are included in the symbols. Soil acronyms as in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-evolution-of-the-proportion-of-mineral-protected-3pq70f1z.png Fig. 1. Evolution of the proportion of mineral-protected organic carbon (MP-OC) in the stable organic carbon (Stable-OC) as a function of: (a) the proportion of oxalate-extractable Fe (Feo) in the DCB-extractable Fe (Fed), data in V soil not presented due to a potential contribution from magnetite dissolution to Feo (see methods Section 2.2; Feo/ Fed > 1 in V); (b) the proportion of oxalate-extractable Si (Sio) in the total Si content in soils (Sit). Soil types: Histic Andosol, HA; Histosol, H; Haplic Andosol, BA; Gleyic Andosol, GA; Vitric Andosol, V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolution-of-the-proportion-of-recalcitrant-organic-39d01tuc.png Fig. 2. Evolution of the proportion of recalcitrant organic carbon (R-OC) in the stable organic carbon (Stable-OC) as a function of: (a) the proportion of pyrophosphate-extractable Fe (Fep) in the total Fe content in soils (Fet); (b) the proportion of pyrophosphate-extractable Al (Alp) in the total Al content in soils (Alt). Soil acronyms as in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/papers/the-information-content-and-redistribution-effects-of-state-w6gey1ergq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-features-of-selected-local-government-issues-1jadwnbz.png Table A.2: Features of selected local government issues https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-state-and-municipal-bond-offerings-2001-2006-1tk4rzvc.png Table A.1 State and Municipal Bond Offerings 2001-2006. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-contemporaneous-effects-of-rating-changes-on-29d3mjhv.png Table 3. Contemporaneous effects of Rating Changes on Government Bond Returns Level and Volatility. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pre-event-and-post-event-effects-of-rating-changes-17qf04dj.png Table 4. Pre-Event and Post-Event Effects of Rating Changes by Moody’s, FitchRatings and Standard & Poors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-credit-rating-changes-to-mexican-states-and-1b90d099.png Table 1. Credit Rating Changes to Mexican States and Tlalnepantla Water Authority https://scispace.com/papers/the-information-matrix-in-latent-variable-models-pb817diyom 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-expected-incomplete-data-information-ignoring-y-3vpok3wn.png Table 5 Expected Incomplete-Data Information, Ignoring y https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-expected-incomplete-data-information-using-y-2gt8xr10.png Table 6 Expected Incomplete-Data Information, Using y https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2f92x2k3.png Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observed-counts-of-response-patterns-322ndbp1.png Table 1 Observed Counts of Response Patterns https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-maximum-likelihood-estimates-of-188v490z.png Table 2. https://scispace.com/papers/the-information-integrated-channel-a-study-of-the-u-s-1ipz4vpsel 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-retailer-s-finished-goods-inventory-as-a-function-1uruo7ws.png Figure 3. Retailer's Finished Goods Inventory as a Function of Manufacturing Lead Time https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inventory-sales-ratios-for-selected-retailing-35wfs7tr.png Table 1. Inventory-Sales Ratios for Selected Retailing Industries, 1988-1993 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-business-unit-practice-clusters-and-performance-1992-20bybbma.png Table 6. Business Unit Practice Clusters and Performance, 1992 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-weeks-of-finished-goods-inventory-as-a-function-of-232flzpa.png Figure 1. Weeks of Finished Goods Inventory as a Function of Demand Uncertainty https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-relationship-between-innovative-practices-and-17to4phr.png Table 7. Relationship between Innovative Practices and Performance Measures, 1992 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-monthly-price-relatives-for-women-s-apparel-fall-2hzq2gsi.png Figure 1. Weeks of Finished Goods Inventory as a Function of Demand Uncertainty https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-product-proliferation-a-average-number-of-products-2ja776ro.png Table 2. Product Proliferation A. Average Number of Products Offered, 1988 and 1992 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-weeks-of-finished-goods-inventory-as-a-function-of-9gfudbxg.png Figure 2. Weeks of Finished Goods Inventory as a Function of the Order Fulfillment Rate https://scispace.com/papers/the-infrared-spectral-properties-of-magellanic-carbon-stars-5fljut1onr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-spitzer-sample-of-magellanic-carbon-stars-1sq0i1d8.png Table 1 The Spitzer Sample of Magellanic Carbon Stars https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-manchester-method-applied-to-the-5-15-mm-spectrum-lmymafof.png Figure 1. Manchester method applied to the 5–15 μm spectrum of MSXSMC159. The [6.4]−[9.3] color provides an estimate of the relative contributions of stellar photosphere and amorphous carbon dust in two spectral regions relatively free of absorption or emission features. Line segments are used to estimate the continuum under or over the C2H2 absorption band at 7.5 μm, the Q branch of the C2H2 band at 13.7 μm, and the SiC dust emission feature at ∼11.3 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-manchester-method-applied-to-the-15-37-mm-spectrum-1uuufac9.png Figure 2. Manchester method applied to the 15–37 μm spectrum of MSXSMC159. The [16.5]−[21.5] color estimates the continuum temperature at longer wavelengths in order to estimate the continuum under the MgS dust emission feature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-color-color-and-color-magnitude-diagrams-featuring-xaxoon0m.png Figure 12. Color–color and color–magnitude diagrams featuring the J−Ks colors on the horizontal axis. Symbols are coded for galaxy with shape and for [6.4]−[9.3] color with color. The [6.4]−[9.3] intervals correspond to the CE0–5 classifications. None of the CE5s and only about half of the CE4s follow the sequences. (CE4: 0.95<[6.4]−[9.3]<1.25; CE5: [6.4] −[9.3]>1.25.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-color-color-and-color-magnitude-diagrams-featuring-2bpiamya.png Figure 13. Color–color and color–magnitude diagrams featuring the [3.6]– [4.5] colors on the horizontal axis. Symbols are coded for galaxy with shape and for [6.4]−[9.3] color with color. The [6.4]−[9.3] intervals correspond to the CE0–5 classifications. Only a handful of the reddest sources in [5.8]−[8] are off the sequence, along with one CE4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-period-corrected-differences-in-6-4-9-3-color-66ii7xi5.png Table 7 Period-corrected Differences in [6.4]−[9.3] Color https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-6-4-9-3-color-as-a-function-of-pulsation-period-vh8c7wig.png Figure 11. [6.4]−[9.3] color as a function of pulsation period with the Magellanic sample, color-coded by their initial mass as estimated from their bolometric magnitude. Sources not assigned to a mass bin are not included. The width of the relation between [6.4]−[9.3] color and period clearly arises from the mass distribution of the samples. The gray dashed line is a line fitted to all of the data, while the colored dotted lines are fitted to each mass bin separately (see Section 4.3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-samples-of-magellanic-carbon-stars-studied-by-van-1q0ubfav.png Figure 16. Samples of Magellanic carbon stars studied by van Loon et al. (2006, 2008) plotted on the [6.4]−[9.3] vs. period plane. The SMC sample shows less dust than the LMC sample because it generally probes a sample with lower pulsation periods. Both samples follow the same trend of increasing dust content with increasing pulsation period. https://scispace.com/papers/the-initialization-and-parameter-setting-problem-in-tensor-4skvzk8jd8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-number-of-links-by-month-on-a-friends-family-dataset-b-3ftlocg3.png Fig. 1. Number of links by month on (a) Friends&Family dataset; (b) Enron dataset; (c) Reality Mining dataset; (d) Social Evolution dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-aucpr-of-the-tcplp-models-the-baseline-and-random-fozp2mad.png TABLE V AUCPR OF THE TCPLP MODELS, THE BASELINE AND RANDOM PREDICTOR. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-aucpr-of-the-cpes-models-before-initial-model-and-3mqfm2wh.png TABLE IV AUCPR OF THE CPES MODELS BEFORE (INITIAL MODEL) AND AFTER (FINAL MODEL - TCPLP) THE APPLICATION OF THE CPLP-TUNER. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-aucpr-of-the-cpes-models-over-10-different-random-bsgy9jfk.png TABLE III AUCPR OF THE CPES MODELS OVER 10 DIFFERENT RANDOM CP INITIALIZATIONS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-of-the-baseline-katz-and-the-tcplp-models-3ln5es27.png Fig. 4. Performance of the baseline (Katz) and the tCPLP models in each test instant on: (a) monthly; (b) weekly; and (c) daily versions of Reality Mining dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-performance-of-the-baseline-katz-and-the-tcplp-models-2lsb5t8h.png Fig. 5. Performance of the baseline (Katz) and the tCPLP models in each test instant on: (a) monthly; (b) weekly; and (c) daily versions of Social Evolution dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-notation-3rpim5kn.png TABLE I NOTATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-performance-of-the-baseline-katz-and-the-tcplp-models-3j1lxbrf.png Fig. 2. Performance of the baseline (Katz) and the tCPLP models in each test instant on: (a) monthly; (b) weekly; and (c) daily versions of Friends&Family dataset. https://scispace.com/papers/the-instability-of-ni-n-sime3-2-2-a-fifty-year-old-2n8hth3wrk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-illustration-of-important-natural-36ewj11v.png Figure 3. Schematic illustration of important natural orbitals from a CASSCF[4,4] calculation on 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-thermal-ellipsoid-50-plot-of-ni-n-sime3-2-4-4-17pbh0d5.png Figure 2. Thermal ellipsoid (50%) plot of [Ni{N(SiMe3)2}]4 (4, without H atoms). Ni1-N1 1.9127(2) Å, Ni1-N2 1.9151(2) Å, Ni2N1 1.9166(2) Å, Ni2-N2 1.9189(2) Å, Ni1∙∙∙Ni2 2.4328(4) Å, Ni1∙∙∙Ni1A 2.4347(5) Å, Ni1-N2-Ni2 78.77(1)°, N1-Ni1-N2 168.80(4)°, N2-Ni2-N3 168.90(4)° https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-thermal-ellipsoid-50-plots-of-ni-n-sime3-2-2-thf-2-345zyptj.png Figure 1. Thermal ellipsoid (50%) plots of Ni{N(SiMe3)2}2(THF) (2, left) and Ni{N(SiMe3)2}2(py)2 (3, right). Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles (°) for 2: Ni1-N1 1.8646(2), Ni1-N2 1.8570(2), https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-thermal-ellipsoid-50-drawing-of-ni-n-sime3-sime2ch2-ma8i1co0.png Figure 4. Thermal ellipsoid (50%) drawing of Ni{N(SiMe3)(SiMe2CH2)}(py)2 (5). Ni1-N1 1.9197(14) Å, Ni1-N2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-integrated-status-and-effectiveness-monitoring-program-26uekpfu50 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-entiat-river-and-mad-river-sediment-sampling-2rcwlkto.png Table 1. Entiat River and Mad River sediment sampling statistical data, 2008. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-entiat-subbasin-fine-sediment-sampling-reach-2fsju7zw.png Figure 1. Entiat Subbasin fine sediment sampling reach comparisons, 1993-2007. https://scispace.com/papers/the-integration-of-object-levels-and-their-content-a-theory-43sakbl9u0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-multinomial-tree-diagram-of-the-integration-f55h8ymb.png Figure 7. The multinomial tree diagram of the integration model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-pattern-on-the-left-depicts-an-example-of-the-s27xvgss.png Figure 1. The pattern on the left depicts an example of the hierarchical letters used as stimuli. The pattern on the right shows the mask used for disrupting stimulus processing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-percentage-of-conjunction-and-feature-errors-c619gyb5.png Figure 3. The percentage of conjunction and feature errors for global and local target letters in Experiment 1. The gray bars indicate the predictions by the null model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-interaction-between-level-and-visual-field-for-3nc8rgpi.png Figure 6. The interaction between level and visual field for the feature and conjunction errors in Experiment 2. LVF left visual field; RVF right visual field; RH right hemisphere; LH left hemisphere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-proportion-of-four-out-of-seven-response-1gybf1v9.png Figure 10. The proportion of four out of seven response categories (symbols) and the corresponding performance predicted by our integration model (lines). T letter at the target level; N letter at the nontarget level; O letter not present in the display. The first letter of the code for the response categories indicates the response to the target level, which was required first. The second letter indicates the response to the nontarget level, which was required second. For instance, TN means that both responses are correct, whereas NT means both responses are conjunction errors. LVF left visual field; RVF right visual field. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-interaction-between-visual-field-and-target-1mstc6da.png Figure 4. The interaction between visual field and target level for the conjunction errors (significant) and feature errors (not significant). LVF left visual field; RVF right visual field; RH right hemisphere; LH left hemisphere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-identification-performance-for-the-letter-at-3edhznlo.png Figure 8. The identification performance for the letter at the target level in Experiment 3. LVF left visual field; RVF right visual field; RH right hemisphere; LH left hemisphere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-identification-performance-for-the-letter-at-27dgsi3n.png Figure 9. The identification performance for the letter at the nontarget level in Experiment 3. LVF left visual field; RVF right visual field; RH right hemisphere; LH left hemisphere. https://scispace.com/papers/the-integration-of-imperfect-financial-markets-implications-178l882rwu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-determinants-of-business-cycle-volatility-9u65avd2.png Table 2 — Determinants of Business Cycle Volatility https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-calibrated-parameters-2vi35h6e.png Table 3 — The Calibrated Parameters https://scispace.com/papers/the-integration-of-direct-real-estate-and-stock-markets-in-4hiluf5yut 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-nonlinear-cointegration-test-between-stock-and-2at45guz.png Table 5. The nonlinear cointegration test between stock and property markets https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unit-root-test-on-stationarity-of-stock-and-property-icjpuvf3.png Table 2. Unit root test on stationarity of stock and property index https://scispace.com/papers/the-intensity-of-male-male-interactions-declines-in-highland-30ifnkshsn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-general-linear-mixed-models-explaining-29qykj5l.png Table 2 Results of general linear mixed models explaining variation in the minimum distance of approach of water pipit males exposed to song stimuli of varying frequency bandwidth of the last strophe (a) and of varying frequency bandwidth and trill rate of the last strophe (b). The site was entered as a random factor and the elevation of the territory as a covariate. Degrees of freedom were estimated by using the Satterthwaite method. The explanatory power of fixed factors was determined by marginal r2 in keeping with Nakagawa and Schielzeth (2012) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-three-types-of-factorial-analyses-testing-1f57w5dn.png Table 1 Results of three types of factorial analyses testing for the effect of territory elevation and elevation of the song stimuli on water pipit minimum distance of approach to playback stimuli. In mixed-effects models, the degrees of freedom were estimated by using the Satterthwaite method, the explanatory power of fixed factors was determined by marginal r2 in keeping with Nakagawa and Schielzeth (2012). The hour of the day was entered as a covariate in the mixed-effects models with replication https://scispace.com/papers/the-interaction-of-entrepreneurship-and-institutions-49ptgsgw3i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-typology-of-entrepreneurship-and-some-2z3oynmh.png Figure 1. A Typology of Entrepreneurship and Some Illustrative Examples. https://scispace.com/papers/the-interaction-of-concreteness-and-phonological-similarity-1judhdsk56 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-recall-error-rates-with-95-confidence-31ogz9d1.png Figure 1. Mean recall error rates with 95% confidence intervals for strict serial, item order, and item omission scoring for visually presented items (Experiment 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-serial-position-curves-of-mean-error-rates-with-95-37km5im2.png Figure 4. Serial position curves of mean error rates with 95% confidence intervals for strict serial scoring of participants run at lists of four items (N 12) with visual presentation under concurrent articulation (Experiment 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-recall-error-rates-with-95-confidence-fmiatw44.png Figure 3. Mean recall error rates with 95% confidence intervals for strict serial, item order, and item omission scoring for visually presented items under concurrent articulation (Experiment 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-serial-position-curves-of-mean-error-rates-with-95-3gi724nv.png Figure 8. Serial position curves of mean error rates with 95% confidence intervals for strict serial scoring of participants run at lists of four items (N 14) with auditory presentation under concurrent articulation (Experiment 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-serial-position-curves-of-mean-error-rates-with-95-18lptgsj.png Figure 6. Serial position curves of mean error rates with 95% confidence intervals for strict serial scoring of participants run at lists of five items (N 11) with auditory presentation (Experiment 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mean-recall-error-rates-with-95-confidence-3efchesr.png Figure 7. Mean recall error rates with 95% confidence intervals for strict serial, item order, and item omission scoring for auditory item presentation under concurrent articulation (Experiment 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-recall-error-rates-with-95-confidence-5wp43il9.png Figure 5. Mean recall error rates with 95% confidence intervals for strict serial, item order, and item omission scoring for auditory item presentation (Experiment 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-psycholinguistic-variables-2jhfiafz.png Table 1 Descriptive Statistics of Psycholinguistic Variables for Each Type of Stimulus List https://scispace.com/papers/the-interaction-of-hydrogen-with-deep-level-defects-in-1b45ws5hhh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-calculated-30-228-and-observed-electrical-levels-of-33eunlxn.png Table 13. Calculated [30, 228] and observed electrical levels of substitutional Au, Ag, Pd and Pt isolated centres and their complexes with hydrogen. (0/+) is referred to Ev and, (−/0) and (=/−), to Ec. Values are in eV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-calculated-frequencies-cm-1-and-characters-of-ih2-2k2gfci9.png Table 5. Calculated frequencies (cm−1) and characters of IH2 defects, compared with experiment [91]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-calculated-30-and-observed-electrical-levels-of-jwwdx4am.png Table 11. Calculated [30] and observed electrical levels of deep centres. (0/+) is referred to Ev and (−/0) to Ec. Values are in eV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-calculated-frequencies-cm-1-of-h2-molecules-in-si-2p9rrlf3.png Table 7. Calculated frequencies (cm−1), of H2 molecules in Si with different alignments [138]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-comparison-between-the-calculated-30-228-and-1rv63lv5.png Table 16. Comparison between the calculated [30, 228] and observed [267, 274] hydrogen and deuterium stretch frequencies (cm−1) of PtH1 and AuH1 in charge state q. The observed values are assumed to correspond to the given charge states. https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-calculated-30-and-observed-267-hydrogen-and-35lc4ba5.png Table 15. Calculated [30] and observed [267] hydrogen and deuterium stretch frequencies (cm−1) for neutral C2v AuH2 complex. The observed values are assumed to correspond to the given charge states. https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-calculated-30-228-and-observed-267-274-hydrogen-and-3k87533s.png Table 14. Calculated [30, 228] and observed [267, 274] hydrogen and deuterium stretch frequencies (cm−1) for C2v PtH2 complexes in three charge states, q. The observed values are assumed to correspond to the given charge states. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-figures-of-a-the-110-split-interstitial-b-2607pod6.png Fig. 5. Schematic figures of a) The 〈110〉 split interstitial, b) The singly hydrogenated 〈110〉 split interstitial, c) The singly hydrogenated 〈100〉 split interstitial, d) IH2. https://scispace.com/papers/the-interactions-between-soil-biosphere-atmosphere-isba-land-11t9eeezc5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-as-in-fig-6-except-for-le-bray-125zrqqz.png Figure 7. As in Fig. 6 except for Le Bray. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-main-model-parameters-for-each-site-literature-rx9xq5kw.png Table 2. The main model parameters for each site. Literature indicates that values come from studies cited in the text and estimated means that values were provided by the principal investigators of each site. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-forested-sites-from-the-fluxnet-network-k5n96d0r.png Figure 2. The forested sites from the FLUXNET network. Selected sites (shown) have a maximum energy imbalance at or below 20 %. The circles indicate the location of sites retained for this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-total-soil-water-content-calculated-over-the-3f6xm01v.png Figure 5. The total soil water content calculated over the root depth indicated in Table 2 (left: panels a, c and e) and the near-surface volumetric soil water content (right: panels b, d and f) at each site. Observations are in black (for Puechabon, the black curve corresponds to the output from a site-specific calibrated reference model from Lempereur et al. (2015); see text). Results for MEBL are in red, for MEB in blue and for ISBA in green. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-g-rmse-computed-at-le-bray-and-barbeau-for-2o7zlxub.png Figure 11. The G RMSE computed at Le Bray and Barbeau for different values of the litter thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-monthly-average-soil-temperature-k-diurnal-cycle-1i56xey5.png Figure 10. Monthly average soil temperature (K) diurnal cycle (at 0.04 m soil depth) composites at Le Bray (a), Puechabon (b) and Barbeau (c). MEBL is in red, MEB in blue, ISBA in green and the observations are shown in black. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-partitioning-of-latent-heat-flux-for-each-site-qkjthb5s.png Figure 4. The partitioning of latent heat flux for each site and model option into transpiration (black), ground/litter evaporation (white) and evaporation from the canopy (gray). Values for Le Bray (2006), Puechabon (2006) and Barbeau (2013) are shown in panels (a), (b) and (c), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-root-mean-square-error-rmse-square-correlation-2ume870f.png Table 5. The root mean square error, RMSE, square correlation coefficient, R2 and annual error, AE, computed with available soil temperatures of each site for the three different experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/the-interaction-of-wood-nanocellulose-dressings-and-the-1ayu7qj21x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-138-characteristics-of-the-nanocellulose-cnf-9hg3gt1j.png Table 1 138 Characteristics of the nanocellulose (CNF) materials used in this study. 139 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-highly-fibrillated-nanocellulose-a-atomic-force-1bj0sapf.png Fig. 2. Highly fibrillated nanocellulose. (A) Atomic force microscopy imaging 267 (AFM). (B) Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy imaging (STEM). Arrows 268 indicate individual nanofibrils. 269 270 https://scispace.com/papers/the-interaction-of-oh-x2p-with-h2-ab-initio-potential-energy-4wq6lpwem1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-contour-plots-in-cm-1-of-the-ccsd-t-v-d-pes-left-panel-1iw6pm5l.png FIG. 6. Contour plots (in cm−1) of the CCSD(T) V d PES (left panel) averaged over all orientations of H2 compared to the Vsum PES for OH–He (middle panel) from Ref. 51 and for OH–Ne (right panel) from Ref. 52. Contours representing attractive and repulsive interactions are shown in red and blue, respectively, with darker contours representing weaker interactions. Similar color maps for contour plots are used in Figs. 7–11. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-predicted-and-experimental-spectroscopic-constants-auefj04y.png TABLE VI. Predicted and experimental spectroscopic constants for the lowest bend-stretch level of the OH–ortho-H2 complex. Unless otherwise stated, the theoretical constants were determined by fitting J = 1/2 and J = 3/2 energies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-predicted-and-experimental-oh-h2-equilibrium-2lbsx98c.png TABLE II. Predicted and experimental OH–H2 equilibrium separations (Re) and dissociation energies for the OH–H2 complex. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-larger-b-l1l2l-expansion-coefficients-for-the-diagonal-30jkxapj.png FIG. 4. Larger B l1l2l expansion coefficients for the diagonal potential V d as a function of intermolecular distance R for the CCSD(T) (solid lines) and MRCI (dashed lines) PES’s. The corresponding expansion coefficients for the MRCI-HS PES (dotted lines) are indistinguishable from the dashed lines. The upper panel shows the B l1l2l terms which go asymptotically to multipole-multipole electrostatic interactions; the lower panel displays other coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-larger-f-l1l2l-expansion-coefficients-for-the-off-2cxc2a8y.png FIG. 5. Larger F l1l2l expansion coefficients for the off-diagonal potential as a function of intermolecular distance R for the CCSD(T) PES’s (solid lines), MRCI PES’s (dashed lines), and the MRCI-HS PES’s (dotted lines, barely visible due to the overlap with the dashed lines). The top panel shows F l1l2l coefficients that have contributions from multipole-multipole interactions; the bottom panel displays other coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-the-lower-j-1-2-and-3-2-bound-levels-in-cm-1-of-oh-qiau28s0.png TABLE V. The lower J = 1/2 and 3/2 bound levels (in cm−1) of OH–H2 predicted the MRCI and MRCI-HS PES’s.a https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-j-3-2-bound-levels-in-cm-1-of-oh-h2-predicted-for-25t67tsz.png TABLE IV. J = 3/2 bound levels (in cm−1) of OH–H2 predicted for the CCSD(T) PES. Also shown are assignments of the stretching quantum numbers and approximate values of P.a https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-j-1-2-bound-levels-in-cm-1-of-oh-h2-for-the-ccsd-t-2dv97c1s.png TABLE III. J = 1/2 bound levels (in cm−1) of OH–H2 for the CCSD(T) PES. Also shown are assignments of the stretching quantum numbers.a https://scispace.com/papers/the-interest-rate-sensitivity-of-investment-389njdmkn3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-time-breaks-in-every-country-with-p-values-of-chow-2qqrjy68.png Table 1: Time breaks in every country with p-values of Chow tests based on 2000 bootstrap replications https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-wald-statistic-with-p-values-from-pairwise-2pdyl35c.png Table 2: Wald statistic with p-values from pairwise comparison of the elements of the Ψ̂ matrix from the unrestricted models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-impulse-response-functions-of-the-percentage-change-27no1hcd.png Figure 1: Impulse response functions of the percentage change in investment to an unexpected 25 basis point cut in the interest rates before and after the break point (data end in 2007 Q4). 68% confidence bands are based on 2000 bootstrap replications. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-impulse-response-functions-of-the-percentage-change-w0gvkgjw.png Figure 2: Impulse response functions of the percentage change in investment to an unexpected 25 basis point cut in the interest rates before and after the break point (data end in 2018 Q3). 68% confidence bands are based on 2000 bootstrap replications. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimations-of-b-and-ps-with-changes-in-volatility-2otcg6y1.png Table 3: Estimations of B and Ψ with changes in volatility and zero restrictions of the model which is the closest to a Cholesky decomposition, but not rejected by a likelihood ratio test. Standard deviations are in brackets. https://scispace.com/papers/the-interface-of-work-to-family-conflict-and-racioethnic-oqz4scsq2u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-analyses-py2lutzy.png Table 2 Regression analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-graph-of-interaction-hispanic-identity-wfc-and-job-1euu64mq.png Fig. 1 Graph of interaction: Hispanic identity*WFC and job satisfaction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-standard-deviations-and-correlations-yrcfbouj.png Table 1 Means, standard deviations and correlations. https://scispace.com/papers/the-intergenerational-transmission-of-cognitive-and-1wxvf6xw87 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-235ab7e0.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ols-and-iv-estimates-of-intergenerational-nvckevfe.png Table 2 OLS and IV-estimates of intergenerational correlation in abilities – alternative instruments Sample: ETF-sample Uncle-sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-parental-abilities-and-educational-success-sons-and-2kmz288p.png Table 7 Parental abilities and educational success, sons and daughters https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-father-son-and-mother-son-correlations-iir4lr4j.png Table 6 Father-son and mother-son correlations https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-intergenerational-correlation-in-abilities-1nn4xve7.png Table 4 Intergenerational correlation in abilities – alternative restrictions https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-instrument-validity-check-intergenerational-13bb0bmb.png Table 5 Instrument validity check: Intergenerational correlations in height OLS IV https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-iv-estimates-of-intergenerational-correlations-in-2kwwswut.png Table 3 IV-estimates of intergenerational correlations in both https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-parental-abilities-and-labor-market-success-sons-and-5ywbqtkr.png Table 8 Parental abilities and labor market success, sons and daughters https://scispace.com/papers/the-interior-world-of-the-nineteenth-century-maloti-10bk5zj6rk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-survey-plan-and-elevation-profile-of-mount-moorosi-os2km0aj.png Fig 10 Survey plan and elevation profile of Mount Moorosi. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-map-showing-baphuthi-settlements-3us1hnd2.png Fig 8 Map showing BaPhuthi settlements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-map-showing-aspects-of-the-maloti-mountains-mentioned-1ah2u9c1.png Fig 4 Map showing aspects of the Maloti Mountains mentioned in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-section-of-a-panel-of-paintings-depicting-horses-1ig2xal0.png Fig 5 Section of a panel of paintings depicting horses, dancing figures, and figures with baboon features, especially noses and tails. Courtesy Sam Challis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-panel-of-paintings-depicting-figures-in-wide-brimmed-1fv5lfvl.png Fig 6 Panel of paintings depicting figures in wide-brimmed hats (colonial motifs) and nonreal horses with figures connected (shamanistic motifs). Courtesy RARI. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-type-3-finger-painted-figures-in-colonial-dress-318ioily.png Fig 7 ‘Type 3’ finger-painted figures in colonial dress overpainted on fine-line paintings. Courtesy SARADA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-showing-the-maloti-drakensberg-focus-area-1kqhfjo4.png Fig 1 Map showing the Maloti-Drakensberg focus area. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-three-baphuthi-settlements-lefika-la-bo-khiba-o81kid0l.png Fig 9 Three BaPhuthi settlements: Lefika la bo Khiba, Bolepeletsa, Thaba Moorosi. https://scispace.com/papers/the-internal-and-external-responsiveness-of-functional-24whma99ir 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-sensitivity-analysis-of-hrqol-scores-using-1798b37b.png Table 5. Sensitivity analysis of HRQOL Scores using generalized estimating equations by Global Rating on Change Scale after multiple imputation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-baseline-6-month-follow-up-and-mean-change-on-the-tuoe5xnz.png Table 2. Baseline, 6-month Follow-up and Mean Change on the Condition-specific and Generic HRQOL scores of Patients (n=168) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-global-rating-on-change-scale-3iq0rscq.png Table 3. Distribution of Global Rating on Change Scale https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-change-standardized-effect-size-standardized-2nin231i.png Table 4. Mean Change, Standardized Effect Size, Standardized Response Mean and Responsiveness Statistic of HRQOL Scores by Global Rating on Change Scale (n=168) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-mean-change-and-area-under-the-receiver-operating-ib2xkdm3.png Table 6. Mean Change and Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve on Discriminating Subjects with Worsened/Unchanged and Improved Health Status https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-prostate-cancer-patients-1cj2s9c0.png Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Prostate Cancer Patients https://scispace.com/papers/the-intermediate-r-process-in-core-collapse-supernovae-405rt3o078 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-final-abundances-of-nucleosynthesis-calculations-a-tuztp2u6.png Figure 4. Final abundances of nucleosynthesis calculations: (a) compared with the solar abundances (Arlandini et al. 1999); (b) metal-poor stars, i.e., HD122563 (Honda et al. 2006) and CS22892-052 (Sneden et al. 1996) denoted by black and cyan dots, respectively, where abundances are normalized for Z=40 of HD122563. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ejected-masses-of-fe-ni56-before-decay-zn-and-eu-3m5wg79h.png Figure 5. Ejected masses of Fe, Ni56 (before decay), Zn, and Eu, normalized by 0.1, 0.1, 10−2, and - M10 5 , respectively, as a function of bá ñp,min with corresponding ˆnL (top). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mass-fraction-in-logarithmic-scale-of-ejecta-on-the-15lormcb.png Figure 3. Mass fraction (in logarithmic scale) of ejecta on the Ye–S (entropy) plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-entropy-with-magnetic-field-lines-of-an-mr-sn-model-2cxr4vac.png Figure 1. Entropy with magnetic-field lines of an MR-SN model (2000 km range). The shock from is illustrated by the surrounding white surface. The color of entropy is apparently different from the color scale ( – -k10 15 baryonB 1) in visualization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dynamics-of-the-explosion-models-when-the-shock-2ifzfwqi.png Figure 2. Dynamics of the explosion models when the shock front (the white line) reaches ∼1000km in ms after the bounce. Distributions of plasma β (bp), entropy, and Ye (from top to bottom) are plotted for h-, i-, and m-models. https://scispace.com/papers/the-internalization-of-the-european-administrative-space-4v3vi6i6jg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-43-distribution-of-responsibilities-regarding-the-lmyr93p7.png Table 43. Distribution of responsibilities regarding the “failure” of the Romanian public administration https://scispace.com/figures/table-33-statistical-characteristics-of-the-aggregated-2x6pu2gb.png Table 33. Statistical characteristics of the aggregated variable regarding the nondiscrimination in the relation of the Romanian public administration with the citizen https://scispace.com/figures/table-19-characteristics-of-the-aggregate-variable-regarding-4ditdp0y.png Table 19. Characteristics of the aggregate variable regarding the directions for improving the legislative framework of the public administration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-histogram-of-the-series-of-data-regarding-the-33tnxepf.png Figure 6. Histogram of the series of data regarding the directions for improving the legislative framework of the public administration https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-clearly-shows-that-222-of-the-interrogated-subjects-f4giew54.png Table 2 clearly shows that 22,2% of the interrogated subjects are civil servants employed in the central public administration, 5,4% work as civil servants in the territorial administration and 26,9 % in the local public administration. The current developments present in the Romanian society and the implementation of the European Administrative Space concept have determined the presence, in the https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-cumulative-frequencies-of-the-variables-on-21zbuocr.png Table 15. Cumulative frequencies of the variables on enforcing the administrative rules https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-statistical-characteristics-of-the-variables-15dvbrtn.png Table 14. Statistical characteristics of the variables regarding the enforcing of the administrative rules https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-presents-the-histogram-associated-to-the-series-of-1kvlryj6.png Figure 1 presents the histogram associated to the series of data. https://scispace.com/papers/the-international-design-study-for-the-neutrino-factory-3q02689sig 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cross-section-of-the-decay-ring-tunnel-showing-the-4d54ks3c.png Figure 5: Cross-section of the decay ring tunnel showing the stepped floor and personnel enclosure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-diagram-of-the-ffag-cell-sgu5sf50.png Figure 4: Schematic diagram of the FFAG cell. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-buncher-module-schematic-showing-the-arrangement-of-34nxqer2.png Figure 3: Buncher module schematic showing the arrangement of the coils, cavities and RF power input couplers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-breakdown-of-the-three-proton-driver-options-for-3c2dt7x6.png Figure 2: Breakdown of the three proton driver options for the IDS-NF. https://scispace.com/papers/the-international-large-detector-letter-of-intent-ozmj6bw9vu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-6-top-left-event-display-from-the-lp-beam-tests-z65zlloj.png FIGURE 4.3-6. (Top left): Event display from the LP beam tests. (Top right) View of the Endcap subdivision as used for the Large Prototype. (Bottom left)Conceptual design of enplate for LCTPC. (Bottom right) Possible layout of PCB, electronics and cooling for the LCTPC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-7-a-srph-as-a-function-of-pt-for-gld-gldprime-and-2j12mx4r.png FIGURE 2.4-7. (a) σrφ as a function of pT for GLD, GLDPrime, and GLD4LDC, and (b) the ratio of σrφ to the average of the three detector models. c) σrφ as a function of the track angle at the track energy of 1 GeV for GLD, GLDPrime, and GLD4LDC. d) the impact parameter resolution as a function of pT for GLDPrime and LDCPrime. Also shown is the nominal ILC goal for impact parameter resolution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-3-expected-jet-energy-resolutions-rms90-of-the-ldc-83r9j3ap.png TABLE 2.2-3 Expected jet energy resolutions (rms90) of the LDC and LDC4GLD detector models relative to the LDCPrime resolution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-6-5-summary-of-t-p-n-selection-efficiencies-and-1x3ybheb.png TABLE 2.6-5 Summary of τ± → π±ν selection efficiencies and purities for events generated with the GLD, GLDPrime, GLD4LDC, and LDCPrime detector models. The efficiencies are calculated with with respect to the τ+τ− selection and the purities only include the background from the different tau decay modes. The statistical uncertainties on the efficiencies and purities are all ±0.5 %. The uncertainty on the tau polarisation measurement assumes an electron-positron polarisation of (−80 %,+30 %) and corresponds to 80 fb−1 of data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2-2-detector-opening-on-the-beamline-top-and-in-the-8y62jy5v.png FIGURE 6.2-2. Detector opening on the beamline (top) and in the garage position (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-2-vertex-detector-occupancies-for-the-readout-pzpvgk7r.png TABLE 3.2-2 Vertex detector occupancies for the readout times assumed in the background studies. The occupancies account for the finite cluster size. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-7-interaction-of-pions-in-the-different-parts-of-zb2gbme7.png TABLE 4.4-7 Interaction of pions in the different parts of the tracker region. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-1-values-of-the-parameters-a-and-b-entering-the-f4zdqmpd.png TABLE 4.1-1 Values of the parameters a and b entering the expression of σip foreseen for the ILD, compared to those achieved with past, present or upcoming experiments at existing colliders. https://scispace.com/papers/the-interplay-among-risk-factors-for-suicidal-ideation-and-54et1p4bl1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-effect-of-messages-of-support-and-criticism-on-1ulq4amt.png Fig. 1. The effect of messages of support and criticism on suicidal ideation as a function of health status. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-hierarchical-regression-analysis-of-the-effects-of-317ribbg.png Table II. Hierarchical Regression Analysis of the Effects of Social Support, Health, Depression, and Critical Negative Messages on Suicidal Ideation at Time 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-regression-analysis-of-the-effects-of-health-8h04nqug.png Table I. Regression Analysis of the Effects of Health, Depression, and Critical Negative Messages on Suicidal Ideation at Time 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-effect-of-messages-of-support-and-criticism-on-50l1o75y.png Fig. 2. The effect of messages of support and criticism on suicidal ideation as A function of depressive symptoms. https://scispace.com/papers/the-interplay-between-tectonics-sediment-dynamics-and-euhlo6hr4p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simplified-lithospheric-scale-cross-section-across-the-3l8mrsk4.png Fig. 4. Simplified lithospheric scale cross section across the SE part of the Pannonian Basin, Apuseni Mountains, Transylvanian Basin and SE Carpathians and amounts of exhumation over the Apuseni Mountains and SE Carpathians derived from low-temperature thermochronology (modified fromMatenco and Radivojević, 2012). The geological cross section displays only Miocene–Quaternary sediments geometries and faults patterns. All pre-Miocene structures were ignored. The location of the cross section is displayed in Fig. 1. pre-M = pre-Miocene; M1=EarlyMiocene;M2=MiddleMiocene;M3= LateMiocene; Pl= Pliocene; Q=Quaternary. The lower part of the figure is the crustal and uppermantle structure beneath thewestern Pannonian Basin–Carpathian Mountains with underlying the seismicity and the anomalies detected by high resolution, local teleseismic tomography. Note the dynamic topography associated both with the Vrancea slab and with the post-Miocene uplift of the Transylvanian Basin associated with the asthenospheric upraise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-middle-miocene-to-quaternary-evolution-of-the-zf4xggac.png Fig. 8. The Middle Miocene to Quaternary evolution of the westernmost part of the Dacian Basin, near the South Carpathians gateway (after ter Borgh et al., 2014). a) Interpretation of a seismic section in thewesternmost part of theDacianBasin. A significant vertical offset is evident across the Palaeogene–Sarmatian Timok strike–slip fault. A significant part of this offset of the fault predates the Middle Miocene; Bn— Badenian, Sm— Sarmatian, Me—Maeotian, Pt-1/2/3— lower/middle/upper Pontian; b) overview of major events affecting the Central and Eastern Paratethys during the Miocene and Pliocene, with specific regard to the connection between the Dacian and Pannonian basins. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-effects-of-the-messinian-salinity-crisis-sea-38h7ksr5.png Fig. 12. The effects of the Messinian Salinity Crisis sea-level drop and subsequent rise in the Dacian Basin–Black Sea system (after Munteanu et al., 2012). a) Interpreted seismic line illustrating the detailed internal geometry of sequences observed on the western shelf of Black Sea; b) seismic interpretation of the detailed geometry of Middle Pontian–Quaternary deepwater deposits observed offshore western Black Sea. P2—Middle Pontian, P3—Upper Pontian, Dc–Q— Dacian–Quaternary; c) cartoon illustrating the genetic mechanism controlling depositional events during large sea-level falls in theDacian–Black Sea basins system. TheDacian Basin provides a trap for sediments as long as accommodation space exists.When this basin is filled, sediments bypass into the Black Sea, where the sedimentation rate increases. d) Reconstruction of the amount of sea-level fall during theMessinian Salinity Crisis in the Black Sea. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tectonic-map-of-the-alps-carpathians-dinaridic-h-1d53fkh0.png Fig. 1. Tectonic map of the Alps–Carpathians–Dinaridic–H ground) and Dacian basins, as well as the Black Sea. The g lower inset is the location of the map in the system of Eur ciated with the roll-back of the Calabrian, Aegean and Car https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-evolution-of-the-miocene-pliocene-basin-fill-in-1v2kff1w.png Fig. 5. The evolution of the Miocene–Pliocene basin fill in the SE part of the Pannonian Basin, near the South Carpathians gateway (after ter Borgh et al., 2015). a) Map of the Pannonian Carpathians areawith the extent of the various basins and location of the studied transects; b) the LateMiocene progradational sequence in the Pannonian Basin, near northern part of the Dinarides; c) the Late Miocene progradational sequence in the Pannonian Basin, in the area connecting the Dinarides with the South Carpathians; d) the effects of forcing factors on the infill of the Pannonian Basin, derived from the high-resolution analysis of seismic data. Inset: palaeogeographic map of the region during the Early Messinian. For further details see ter Borgh et al. (2015) and Matenco and Radivojević (2012). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-application-of-the-concept-of-connectivity-and-32oqomoy.png Fig. 11. Application of the concept of connectivity and gateways on the link between the Dacian Basin and the Black Sea (after Munteanu et al., 2012; Bartol et al., 2012). a) Map of the Central and Eastern Paratethys during the Late Miocene; b) a regional cross-section (4× vertical exaggeration) spanning from SE Carpathians, Dacian Basin and Dobrogea highland to the deep-sea part of Black Sea. c) Detailed geometry of the western Black Sea part of the cross-section depicted in Fig. 11b, derived from the interpretation of regional seismic lines; d) conceptual model of depositional shifts between two sedimentary basins separated by a submarine topographic barrier, specific for the Eastern Paratethys situation during the Messinian Salinity Crisis. The graph below illustrates the modelling of sea level change as a cosine function approximating a natural evolution of sea level, the cycle time andmagnitudes being normalized. The decrease and subsequent increase in accommodation space in the trapping basin triggers outward depositional shifts (from the trapping basin to the main sink) or inward depositional shifts (from the main sink to the trapping basin), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-concept-of-connectivity-and-gateways-applied-to-3v42mlrs.png Fig. 2. The concept of connectivity and gateways applied to the Miocene–Quaternary sedimentary basins in the Carpathians–Pannonian system together with the reconstruction of the (dis)connected Paratethys basins at the time of the Messinian Salinity Crisis (after Matenco and Andriessen, 2013). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-model-prediction-of-the-evolution-of-the-areas-10hu2h99.png Fig. 10. Model prediction of the evolution of the areas threatened by flooding in the SE Carpathians by correlating the vertical movements derived from GPS studies in the Carpathians foreland (van der Hoeven et al., 2005) with active faulting patterns (see Matenco et al., 2007 for further details). https://scispace.com/papers/the-interplay-of-synaptic-plasticity-and-scaling-enables-2g6l4ca1ij 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-presentation-of-a-second-stimulus-here-s2-vmvd7vsg.png Figure 4. The presentation of a second stimulus (here S2) yields the formation of a second, distinct group of strongly interconnected neurons or CA. The structure of the sub-plots is the same as in 3. The first learning phase yields the encoding of a highly interconnected sub-population of neurons in the memory area (2 & 3). However, due to the interplay between Hebbian synaptic plasticity and synaptic scaling this CA cannot be activated by the second stimulus S2. Instead, the process of initially scattered activation (dark red dots in the fifth row; first presentation) and the following neuronal and synaptic processes (fourth to tenth presentation), as described before, are repeated yielding the formation of a second CA representing stimulus S2. Please note that both representations do not overlap (see Supplementary Figure S3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-model-of-synaptic-plasticity-and-scaling-vjlx5jb6.png Figure 7. The model of synaptic plasticity and scaling matches experimental in-vivo data and provides experimentally verifiable predictions. (A): The artificial modification of the excitability of a subset of neurons alters the probability of these neurons to become part of a memory representation (normalized to control). Experimental data are taken from42. Data presented are mean values with standard error of the mean. Labels correspond to instances shown in (B). (B): The alteration of the excitability of one group of neurons (here pop. 1) compared to others yields a shift of the positions of the system’s fixed points and basins of attractions (here shown schematically; for details see Supplementary Figure S6) inducing a bias towards one population (e.g., from instance ii to iii by increasing the excitability of population 1). (A), (B): The model analysis yields the prediction that this excitability-induced bias can be counterbalanced by, for instance, additionally decreasing the average synaptic weight of the manipulated population before learning (here by a factor of 0.1). This additional manipulation shifts the initial state of the network back to the symmetry condition (orange; instance iv). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-initial-values-for-recruitment-basin-plots-29i2aa1g.png Table 2. Initial values for Recruitment Basin Plots https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-summary-of-the-synaptic-changes-and-their-qcpn5c2o.png Figure 6. Summary of the synaptic changes and their implication on the formation and allocation of memory representations. The interaction of synaptic plasticity and scaling brings a blank network (A; test 0) during the first learning phase (B) to an intermediate state (C; test 1). From this intermediate state, the second learning phase (D) yields the system into the desired end state (E; test 2), in which each stimulus is allocated to one CA (S1/I1 to pop. 1/CA1 and S2/I2 to pop. 2/CA2). (A), (C), (E): Thickness of lines is proportional to average synaptic weight. (B), (D): Similar to panels in 5 E. Black area indicates regimes in which both populations would be assigned to the corresponding stimulus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-neural-system-to-investigate-the-coordination-16r98xr0.png Figure 1. The neural system to investigate the coordination of synaptic and neuronal dynamics underlying the allocation and formation of memories consists of two areas receiving external stimuli. (A): The neural system receives different external stimuli (e.g., a blue triangle, S1, or a red square, S2) yielding the activation of subsets of neurons (colored dots) in the input (I1 and I2) and memory area (CA1 and CA2). (brain image by Hugh Guiney under license CC BY-SA 3.0) (B): Each excitatory neuron in the memory area receives inputs from a random subset of excitatory neurons being in the input area, from its neighbouring neurons of the memory area (indicated by the dark Gray units in the inset) and from a global inhibitory unit. All synapses between excitatory neurons are plastic regarding the interplay of long-term synaptic plasticity and synaptic scaling. (C): Throughout this study, we consider two learning phases during each a specific stimulus is repetitively presented. In addition, test phases are considered with stopped synaptic dynamics for analyses. (D): Schematic illustration of the average synaptic structure ensuring a proper function of the neural system. This structure should result from the neuronal and synaptic dynamics in conjunction with the stimulation protocol. IR and RR represent populations of remaining neurons being not directly related to the dynamics of memory formation and allocation. Details see main text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-parameters-variable-descriptions-and-used-3gkktlg0.png Table 1. Model Parameters: Variable, Descriptions and used Values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-population-model-of-network-dynamics-enables-2wajvyhy.png Figure 5. Population model of network dynamics enables analytical derivation of the underlying neuronal and synaptic dynamics. (A): Schema of the population model for averaged network dynamics (bars above variables indicate the average over all neurons in the population. Īs: firing rate of input population s ∈ {1,2}; F̄p: neural activity of population p ∈ {1,2}; w̄ffps: weight of feed-forward synapses from population s to p; w̄recp : weight of recurrent synapses within population p. (B): The intersections of the population nullclines projected into weight (top) and activity (bottom) space reveal several fixed points (attractive: green; repulsive: orange) indicating the formation of a CA (green markers 2 and 3), if the system deviates from the identity line. Numbers correspond to labels of fixed points. (C): The bifurcation diagram (labels as in (B) and insets) of the network indicates that CAs are formed for a wide variety of input amplitudes (ĪA & 120). The dashed line illustrates the value used in (B). Solutions of the full network model (purple dots) and population model match. (D): The dynamics of feed-forward synaptic weights depends on the firing rate of the input population and of the population in the memory area. There are four different cases (I-IV) determining the system dynamics. (E): These cases (indicated by arrows with Roman numbers: I-IV) together with the potentiation of recurrent synapses (arrow labelled CA1) yield the self-organized formation and allocation of CAs. Namely, during the first learning phase, synaptic changes drive the system (white dot) into regimes where either population 1 (blue) or population 2 (red) will represent the presented stimulus (left: stimulus S1; right: stimulus S2). Details see main text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-interaction-of-conventional-hebbian-synaptic-13zhum26.png Figure 2. The interaction of conventional Hebbian synaptic plasticity and synaptic scaling enables the stimulus-dependent formation and allocation of memory representations in a neuronal network model. (A): During the test phases, the resulting network structure is evaluated. Top row: average synaptic weight of feed-forward synapses from input populations I1 and I2 activated by the corresponding stimuli to the groups of neurons which become a CA (CA1 and CA2) and others (RR). Please note that we first train the network, then determine the resulting CAs with corresponding neurons, and retroactively sort the neurons into the CA-groups. Bottom row: average synaptic weight of recurrent synapses within the corresponding groups of neurons (CA1, CA2, and other neurons RR). Before learning (test 0), no specific synaptic structures are present. After the first learning phase (test 1), the first group of neurons becomes strongly interconnected, thus, a CA (CA1), which becomes also strongly connected to the active input population I1. (test 2) The second learning phase yields the formation of a second CA (CA2), which is linked to the second input population I2. (B): The formation of CAs is also indicated by the reduction of the average shortest path length (ASPL) between stimulus-activated neurons in the memory area. (Error bars are small and overlapped by symbols). (C): After both learning phases, the response vector overlap (RVO) between neurons activated by S1 and activated by S2 depends non-linearly on the disparity between the stimulus patterns. (A-C): Data presented are mean values over 100 repetitions. Explicit values of mean and standard deviation are given in Supplementary Table S1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-interstitium-in-cardiac-repair-role-of-the-immune-2x55quvmrz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-immune-cell-and-fibroblast-functions-after-214rox40.png Figure 1. Immune cell and fibroblast functions after myocardial injury. A pathological insult such as myocardial infarction leads to ischaemic damage, sterile inflammation, and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-potential-therapeutic-strategies-targeting-the-2ywi7zzm.png Figure 3. Potential therapeutic strategies targeting the cardiac interstitium. An overview of potential therapeutic strategies to target cardiac fibrosis and the inflammatory response to https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-current-markers-for-major-cardiac-resident-cell-1y8opxuz.png Table 1. Current markers for major cardiac resident cell populations of the mouse heart. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ontogeny-of-the-cardiac-interstitium-a-during-early-2aqbm4pm.png Figure 2. Ontogeny of the cardiac interstitium. A. During early development, immune cells (purple) are produced in the yolk sac and infiltrate various tissues of the embryo, including the heart. At embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) the heart is composed of three tissue layers; the https://scispace.com/papers/the-interspeech-2015-computational-paralinguistics-challenge-82sdqq47zo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-ihearu-eat-database-number-of-instances-per-183rfbcu.png Table 1: The iHEARu-EAT database: Number of instances per class in the CV-train/test split used for the Challenge. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-double-nested-speaker-and-text-independent-2zrpp9nf.png Table 2: Double nested speaker-and text-independent crossvalidation for BNA/DN. Speakers are partitioned into to sets S1 and S2, text material into T1 and T2. Note that with our N=2, train and test swap roles in folds 1/4 and 2/3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-challenge-baselines-c-complexity-parameter-of-svm-1d4s5rap.png Table 3: Challenge Baselines. C: Complexity parameter of SVM/SVR. Column (a): results of cross-validation on train. Column (b): results of train vs development. Column (c): results of train vs test. The official challenge baselines are highlighted by frames. https://scispace.com/papers/the-intra-firm-knowledge-transfer-in-the-outward-m-a-of-1kdjtl2hci 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-a-cross-case-comparison-of-rationales-underlying-the-2b5shd7m.png Table 5 A cross-case comparison of rationales underlying the imbalance in explicit/tacit knowledge transfer https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-data-exemplars-for-rationales-underlying-the-ajzg2ty7.png Table 4 Data exemplars for rationales underlying the knowledge transfer imbalance https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ranking-of-main-acquisition-motivations-19jn5kef.png Table 3 Ranking of main acquisition motivations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-details-of-interviewees-19nuvdwp.png Table 2 Details of interviewees https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chinese-emncs-intra-firm-knowledge-transfer-in-the-e5fri9sj.png Fig. 1: Chinese EMNCs’ intra-firm knowledge transfer in the post-M&A integration phase: Characteristics and rationales. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-case-selection-criteria-and-business-profile-of-the-2j9mx2l1.png Table 1 Case selection criteria and business profile of the acquiring firms https://scispace.com/papers/the-intonation-of-mitigating-politeness-in-catalan-271keudmqg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-total-percentages-of-correct-responses-to-the-159m665f.png Table 3. Total percentages of correct responses to the combined manipulations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-standardised-melody-of-the-utterance-no-despres-de-3pc728qw.png Figure 1. Standardised melody of the utterance: No, després de la brotada no (no, after the outbreak, no) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-original-standardised-utterance-of-the-insult-ets-1bkrcm5l.png Figure 8. Original standardised utterance of the insult: Ets imbècil (you’re an idiot) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-manipulation-of-the-same-utterance-with-an-30t9ya9s.png Figure 9. Manipulation of the same utterance with an interrogative final inflection https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-total-percentages-of-correct-responses-to-the-simple-17pl8j9c.png Table 2. Total percentages of correct responses to the simple manipulations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-standardised-melody-of-the-utterance-per-que-treu-23ai4lc9.png Figure 3. Standardised melody of the utterance: Per què treu aquesta impressió vostè de mi? (why do you have this impression of me?) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-standardised-melody-of-the-utterance-ataqueu-massa-18pagaqy.png Figure 2. Standardised melody of the utterance: Ataqueu massa (you attack too much) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-percentages-of-correct-responses-to-the-3c8gzwbu.png Table 1. Total percentages of correct responses to the original utterances (impolite) https://scispace.com/papers/the-intricate-structure-of-hh-508-the-brightest-microjet-in-39w1ibz80x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-magao-ha-observations-of-hh-508-and-lv-1-m4rf9a3d.png Table 1 MagAO Hα Observations of HH 508 and LV 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-magao-and-hst-ha-images-of-hh-508-and-the-th1-ori-b-tvxoe9ro.png Figure 1. MagAO and HST Hα images of HH 508 and the θ1 Ori B system. We spatially resolve the complex structure of HH 508. The central 0 5around B1B5 in the MagAO image is masked out. The HST image is from the program GO 5469. North is up and east is left. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-luminosities-of-the-trapezium-ob-stars-and-the-uv-3v8pkekg.png Table 2 Luminosities of the Trapezium OB Stars and the UV Fluxes at the Position of HH 508 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ha-images-of-the-binary-proplyd-lv-1-in-different-1adwcz03.png Figure 3. Hα images of the binary proplyd LV 1 in different epochs. High-pass filtered images are displayed in the right panels. An Hα blob emerged to the south of the major proplyd in 2014, but was not seen in the 2016 follow-up imaging. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-we-bring-out-hh-508-by-filtering-out-the-halo-of-1ofm9t6r.png Figure 2. We bring out HH 508 by filtering out the halo of the stars with a Gaussian of FWHM=10 pixels, and further smooth the high-pass filtered image with a two-pixel Gaussian. The east component of HH 508 has many knots and might have been bent by the wind and radiation from B1B5. The ionization front surrounding B2B3 does not directly face the nearby B1B5, indicating that the EUV radiation from θ1 Ori C dominates the vicinity of B1B5. https://scispace.com/papers/the-intrinsic-characteristics-of-galaxies-on-the-sfr-stellar-2825cl28ir 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definitions-of-five-sfhs-lzev83m3.png Table 1 Definitions of Five SFHs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-sfrs-obtained-from-speedymc-relative-q17ss6ci.png Figure 6. Comparison of SFRs obtained from SpeedyMC relative to simulations, with red and orange points representing QGs classified using different definitions (Brennan et al. 2015 and this study, respectively) and black points SFGs. SFRs obtained using Tau show the best correlation with intrinsic SFRs for both the mock SFGs and QGs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-ratio-of-the-average-light-profiles-of-high-25rvkutw.png Figure 19. Ratio of the average light profiles of high-central density massive ( S >( )log 9.51 and * > ´ M M3 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-projected-central-mass-density-vs-stellar-mass-for-2xg8pq28.png Figure 21. Projected central mass density vs. stellar mass for four galaxy populations relative to the MS at four redshift bins. The median-mass-weighted stellar age is color-coded. The best-fit relation for UVJ selected QGs (black dashed line) from Barro et al. (2017) are overplotted in the bottom panel (QG galaxies). For SB and MS galaxies, the best-fit relation for UVJ selected SFGs (magenta dashed line) from Barro et al. (2017) are used while best-fit relations for both SFG and QG are overplotted for sub-MS galaxies. Narrower dispersion of S1 with M* represents that different quenching processes play a role at low and large masses (cf. sub-MS panels). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-projected-central-mass-density-vs-stellar-mass-for-38kx4xr7.png Figure 20. Projected central mass density vs. stellar mass for UVJ selected star-forming galaxies (SFG: top) and quiescent galaxies (QG: bottom) at four redshift bins. The median-mass-weighted stellar age is color-coded, and the best-fit *S( )– (Mlog log1 ) relations computed from Barro et al. (2017) for two populations are overplotted in the redshift bins in common. Our measures are in good agreement with Barro et al. (2017), and we show a clear correlation between S1 and M* at all explored redshifts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-rest-frame-uvj-diagram-with-four-different-galaxy-30qnsup2.png Figure 11. Rest-frame UVJ diagram with four different galaxy populations: starbursts(SB: orange), normal SFGs on the MS (MS: blue), galaxies located below the MS (sub-MS: green), and quiescent galaxies (QG: red). We divide the sample into two stellar mass bins, *´ < < ´M M1 10 3 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-gini-coefficients-g-m20-vs-rsb-for-individual-2wpcarv6.png Figure 15. Gini coefficients (G)/M20 vs. RSB for individual galaxies at four redshift epochs (top) and the average G/M20 across the log(SFR)–log(M*) plane, as parameterized by RSB. All lines, colors, and symbols correspond to Figure 12. Top figure: G vs. RSB. QG galaxies have the highest G on average, which is an indication of compact structure. G of massive galaxies at <z 2.8 shows moderate/weak correlation with RSB. The low-mass sample and galaxies at the highest redshift has no significant correlation between RSB and G. Bottom figure:M20 vs. RSB. SB galaxies have the highestM20, which is indicative of a clumpy sub-structure. For low-mass galaxies at all redshifts, as well as massive galaxies at >z 2.8, there is no significant correlation between M20 and RSB. M20 shows a weak to moderate correlation among massive galaxies at <z 2.8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-fraction-of-sfgs-having-sersic-index-n-2-5-as-a-cq0xjna5.png Figure 26. Fraction of SFGs having Sérsic index (n)>2.5 as a function of the stellar mass (with *D =( )Mlog 0.4) for four redshift bins. We find a weak increase of the fraction of bulge-dominant galaxies ( >n 2.5) at all explored redshifts. The error bar represented here is 1σ uncertainties based on Poisson statistics. https://scispace.com/papers/the-intron-containing-gene-for-yeast-profilin-pfy-encodes-a-56p77tvffx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-autoradiogram-of-northern-blot-analysis-total-rna-was-5pb4xvvl.png FIG. 6. Autoradiogram of northern blot analysis. Total RNA was isolated from log-phase (lane 1) and stationary-phase (lane 2) cells of lactate-grown wild-type cells, from aerobic (lane 3) and anaerobic (lane 4) glucose-grown wild-type cells, from strain ts368 rna2 grown at the permissive temperature (23°C) (lane 5), and from the strain ts368 isolated 2 h after a shift to 36°C (lane 6). The blot was probed with a nick-translated 490-bp HindlI fragment from profilin cDNA cloned into pGEM2. https://scispace.com/papers/the-inverse-cascade-and-nonlinear-alpha-effect-in-3x1j634gex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1pddyc1t.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ethree-magnetic-deld-components-averaged-in-the-x-and-1t798buz.png FIG. 5.ÈThree magnetic Ðeld components averaged in the x- and z-directions at t \ 1000. Note the 90¡ phase shift between andSB1 x T(y) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-eevolution-of-sa-ae-bt-sb2t-compared-with-other-1fjw9g8p.png FIG. 8.ÈEvolution of [SA Æ BT/SB2T, compared with other magnetic length scales (run 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-emagnetic-energies-per-volume-of-those-components-of-1zk6y0gc.png FIG. 6.ÈMagnetic energies (per volume) of those components of the large-scale Ðeld whose wavevectors point in the x-, y-, or z-direction. Which of the three possible force-free solutions is selected in the end depends on chance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-eevolution-of-the-ratio-for-runs-3-and-5-note-thatsb1-lqiq1c63.png FIG. 7.ÈEvolution of the ratio for runs 3 and 5. Note thatSB1 T2/SB2T, strong large-scale Ðelds are obtained even for large magnetic Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2xjzw841.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-espectra-of-magnetic-helicity-nux-at-t-10-30-and-60-ni4v1i6v.png FIG. 9.ÈSpectra of magnetic helicity Ñux at t \ 10, 30, and 60 (dotdashed line) ; t \ 100 and 130 (solid lines) ; t \ 160 and 200 (dashed lines) ; t \ 300 (dotted line), and for the time average between t \ 600 and 1000 (thick line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-ecomparison-of-time-averaged-magnetic-energy-spectra-3o9yiqbq.png FIG. 19.ÈComparison of time-averaged magnetic energy spectra for runs 1È3 (t \ 600È1000) and run 5 (t \ 1600). To compensate for di†erent Ðeld strengths and to make the spectra overlap at large scales, two of the three spectra have been multiplied by a scaling factor (] 3.4 for run 5,] 2 for run 2, and] 5 for run 1). There are signs of a gradual development of an inertial subrange for wavenumbers larger than the forcing scale. The k~5@3 slope is shown for orientation. The dissipative magnetic cuto† wavenumbers, are indicated by arrows at the top.k https://scispace.com/papers/the-investigation-of-the-relaxation-processes-in-552tbs33yh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-frequency-dependence-of-the-intensity-i-and-the-phase-18yn06si.png FIG. 4. Frequency dependence of the intensity (I ) and the phase~F! at twice the frequency of the applied signal for an unaligned 20mm cell at 75 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-frequency-dependence-of-intensity-i-and-the-phase-part-3g0iksjx.png FIG. 3. Frequency dependence of intensity (I ) and the phase part~F! of the linear response for a well homogeneously-aligned 20mm cell at 75 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-presentation-of-the-arrangement-of-thec-2uxo89v9.png FIG. 2. Schematic presentation of the arrangement of theC directors (C1,C2) local spontaneous polarization (Ps1 ,Ps2) of two neighboring smectic layers in helical antiferroelectric phase with respect to the lab tory frame of reference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-four-different-physical-mechanisms-for-the-molecular-35qr0msx.png FIG. 1. Four different physical mechanisms for the molecular rearran ments in the antiferroelectric SmCA phase under the applied voltage.Ps is spontaneous polarization vector,C being theC director. https://scispace.com/papers/the-invisible-heartbeat-the-beauty-and-soul-of-mathematics-54lnr377gb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3hh267uw.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-symmetries-of-an-equilateral-triangle-3hkpw5v9.png Figure 1. Symmetries of an equilateral triangle https://scispace.com/papers/the-invisible-cholecystectomy-a-transumbilical-laparoscopic-5bkuwxpkbl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-gallbladder-is-kept-under-traction-by-the-bent-2yrb3jwa.png Fig. 2 A. The gallbladder is kept under traction by the bent Kirschner wire; B. dissection of the triangle of Callot; C. postoperative result: one reconstructed umbilical incision https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-overview-of-the-scarless-cholecystectomy-g3bmg1yk.png Fig. 1 Schematic overview of the scarless cholecystectomy technique https://scispace.com/papers/the-ionic-states-of-difluoromethane-a-reappraisal-of-the-low-fl2wzpkph7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-calculated-harmonic-mp4sdq-fundamental-vibrational-38z5m4em.png TABLE II. Calculated harmonic MP4SDQ fundamental vibrational wavenumbers, for the states in bands I, II, and III of the photoelectron spectrum. Imaginary frequencies are denoted by “i.” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-eom-ip-ccsd-adiabatic-ionization-energies-and-ev25b8kk.png FIG. 2. The EOM-IP-CCSD adiabatic ionization energies and their symmetry assignments (in blue) superimposed on the photoelectron spectrum of CH2F2 obtained with 55 eV irradiation. The vertical IEs were obtained with the TDA procedure (red). These methods confirm the assignment of 1, 3, and 3 IEs under bands I, II, and III.6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-the-22a1-state-for-ch2f2-calculated-vibrational-1e98amdg.png TABLE IX. The 22A1 state for CH2F2. Calculated vibrational positions (cm 1) for the ionization energy are based on the harmonic frequencies and assignments. Only the most intense vibrational states are shown. Those exciting only fundamentals are all weak, leaving only combination bands as the most intense. Each observed PES peak is a composite of several fundamental vibrations, as discussed in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-the-22b1-state-for-ch2f2-calculated-peak-2rcjuass.png TABLE VIII. The 22B1 state for CH2F2. Calculated peak positions (cm 1) for the ionization energy are based on the harmonic frequencies and assignments. Each observed PES peak is a composite of several fundamental vibrations, as discussed in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-trailing-edge-of-band-iii-after-subtraction-of-a-2nj7xy77.png FIG. 9. The trailing edge of band III after subtraction of a Boltzmann function. The regular residual peaks show an interval near 600 cm 1, which does not correspond to any of the predicted harmonic frequencies for any of the 22B2, 22A1, and 22B1 states that lies in this energy range. The FC profile of the 22B1 state is superimposed and shows some similarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-band-i-of-the-pes-with-the-fc-profile-superimposed-as-1lozf3xh.png FIG. 3. Band I of the PES with the FC profile superimposed as a stick diagram (blue). The very weak peaks from FC profiles between the main set of vibrations are hot bands. The spectral band origin in the PES occurs at 102 805 cm 1(12.746 eV). Further details are given in the supplementary material, where a comparison with the corresponding 2nd derivative spectrum is shown; this provides proof that the differentiation procedure is successful elsewhere in the spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-the-12b1-x-state-for-ch2f2-calculated-peak-3cijp37w.png TABLE III. The 12B1 (X) state for CH2F2. Calculated peak positions (cm 1) for the first ionization energy (IE1) are based on the harmonic frequencies and assignments. Each observed PES peak is a composite of several fundamental vibrations, as discussed in the text and Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-onset-of-band-iii-after-double-differentiation-the-26e1spcg.png FIG. 8. The onset of band III after double differentiation. The Franck-Condon profile of the D state superimposed as 22B2 shows many similar features. The 22A1 state is also similar, but its lower ν4 frequency leads to more closely placed strong bands. The 22B1 state does not superimpose satisfactorily. The proximity of the proposed D, E, and F states is expected to lead to some distortion of peak positions and width. https://scispace.com/papers/the-ionizing-radiation-induced-bystander-effect-evidence-28znt2gobk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ionizing-radiation-ir-induces-targeted-and-non-137ak0l6.png Fig. 2 Ionizing radiation (IR) induces targeted and non-targeted (bystander) effects. Communication of stress-inducing molecules from cells exposed to IR propagates stressful effects, including oxidative stress, as well as genetic and epigenetic changes, to the bystander cells and their progeny. The induced effects may be similar in nature to those observed in progeny of irradiated cells https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mechanisms-underlying-ionizing-radiation-induced-3vichko9.png Fig. 4 Mechanisms underlying ionizing radiation-induced bystander effects. Signaling molecules are propagated among irradiated and bystander cells through direct intercellular communication via gap junctions or through diffusible secretion in the surrounding environment. The expression of propagation of bystander effects is highly dependent upon the phenotype of both the irradiated and bystander cells https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-direct-and-indirect-effects-of-ionizing-radiation-1yfj7zec.png Fig. 1 The direct and indirect effects of ionizing radiation on cellular macromolecules. Absorption of ionizing radiation by living cells directly disrupts atomic structures, producing chemical and biological changes and indirectly through radiolysis of cellular water and generation of reactive chemical species by stimulation of oxidases and nitric oxide synthases. Ionizing radiation may also disrupt oxidative metabolism and other mitochondrial functions contributing to persistent alterations in lipids, proteins, nuclear DNA (nDNA), and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-complexity-of-ionizing-radiation-induced-dna-damage-3f5e3l4h.png Fig. 3 Complexity of ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage. The complexity of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation is highly dependent on the biophysical characteristics of the radiation, in particular its linear energy transfer (LET) properties https://scispace.com/papers/the-irrelevant-sound-effect-what-needs-modelling-and-a-534kz3qftj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-results-of-macken-and-joness-1995-experiment-5-25b2c0q3.png Figure 1: The results of Macken and Jones’s (1995) Experiment 5 showing the effects of mouthed suppression either in quiet or in the presence of irrelevant sound. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-upper-panel-data-showing-the-irrelevant-sound-34f0q654.png Figure 2: Upper panel: Data showing the irrelevant sound effect found in Larsen & Baddeley’s (in press) Experiment 3. Lower panel: Simulations of these data using the primacy model (Page & Norris, 1998). https://scispace.com/papers/the-isolation-and-culture-of-endothelial-colony-forming-1fwrh3am0k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-troubleshooting-guide-2ewxe9yx.png Table 1 Troubleshooting Guide https://scispace.com/papers/the-isotropic-nematic-phase-transition-of-tangent-hard-1y1x70z8ys 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-nematic-order-parameter-s2-of-a-system-of-a-linear-3o09pwwu.png FIG. 8. The nematic order parameter S2 of a system of (a) linear 15-mers, (b) 15-14 rod-coils, (c) 15-13 rod-coils, and (d) 15-12 rod-coils, as predicted from OVL-LHrc (solid line) and SPT (dotted line) compared to MC simulations27 (symbols). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-nematic-order-parameter-s2-of-a-system-of-a-linear-i0ah07iq.png FIG. 2. The nematic order parameter S2 of a system of (a) linear 7-mers, (b) linear 11-mers, (c) linear 15-mers, and (d) linear 20-mers, as predicted from the OVL theory using the LHrc (solid line) and LH (dotted line) equations of state as input compared to MC simulations27 (symbols). The MC simulations were started either from an isotropic or a nematic initial configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-8-model-constants-for-the-coefficients-of-the-170p3u75.png TABLE I. The 8 model constants for the coefficients of the excluded volume expression given in Eqs. (A1)–(A6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-equation-of-state-of-a-system-of-a-linear-7-mers-b-3lpzd57j.png FIG. 4. The equation of state of a system of (a) linear 7-mers, (b) linear 11-mers, (c) linear 15-mers, and (d) linear 20-mers, as predicted from OVL-LHrc (solid line) and SPT (dotted line) compared to MC simulations27 (symbols). The MC simulations were started either from an isotropic or a nematic initial configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-equation-of-state-and-nematic-order-parameter-of-a-3qo16p8k.png FIG. 3. The equation of state and nematic order parameter of a system of linear 7-mers as obtained from OVL-TPT1 based on the OTF (solid line) and a full numerical solution of the orientational distribution function24 (dotted line) compared to MC simulations27 (symbols). The MC simulations were started either from an isotropic or a nematic initial configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-variation-of-a-the-density-difference-e-at-the-2hf2dx6u.png FIG. 9. The variation of (a) the density difference η at the isotropicnematic phase transition and (b) the phase diagram with the rigidity parameter χR for a 15-mR rod-coil. Comparison between predictions obtained from OVL-LHrc (solid line) and SPT (dotted line), compared to MC simulations27 (symbols). The lines are a guide for the eye. The solid line corresponds to OVL-LHrc; the dotted line corresponds to SPT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-nematic-order-parameter-s2-of-a-system-of-a-linear-pwkdfkch.png FIG. 5. The nematic order parameter S2 of a system of (a) linear 7-mers, (b) linear 11-mers, (c) linear 15-mers, and (d) linear 20-mers, as predicted from OVL-LHrc (solid line) and SPT (dotted line) compared to MC simulations27 (symbols). The MC simulations were started either from an isotropic or a nematic initial configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-chain-length-dependence-of-the-density-difference-i81zpbaf.png FIG. 6. The chain-length-dependence of the density difference η at the isotropic-nematic phase transition. Comparison between predictions obtained from OVL-LHrc (triangles), SPT (plus signs), and MC simulations27 (circles). The lines are a guide for the eye. The solid line corresponds to OVLLHrc; the dotted line corresponds to SPT. https://scispace.com/papers/the-japanese-wolf-is-most-closely-related-to-modern-dogs-and-1f8ty8uoei 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relationships-between-japanese-wolves-and-other-3loujagd.png Figure 1 Relationships between Japanese wolves and other canids https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-admixture-between-japanese-wolves-and-the-other-2scltunu.png Figure 3 Admixture between Japanese wolves and the other canids. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phylogenetic-relationships-and-genetic-affinity-2qjde0gp.png Figure 2 Phylogenetic relationships and genetic affinity between Japanese wolves and other https://scispace.com/papers/the-iterated-restricted-immediate-snapshot-model-2l7jvyg8jt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-from-the-read-write-model-with-3sx-to-the-iris-2500poj4.png Figure 5: From the read/write model with 3Sx to the IRIS(PR3Sx) moel (code for pi) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-subsets-of-iris-pr3s2-that-contain-all-executions-ixttbuzn.png Figure 4: Subsets of IRIS(PR3S2) that contain all executions by p1 and p2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-one-two-and-three-rounds-in-iris-pr3sx-with-x-2-22l6xmnw.png Figure 3: One, two and three rounds in IRIS (PR3Sx) with x = 2 (PR3S2 is satisfied from round 2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-one-two-and-three-rounds-in-the-iis-model-1f56wy24.png Figure 1: One, two and three rounds in the IIS model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simulation-of-the-write-and-snapshot-operations-in-17l5o9kq.png Figure 6: Simulation of the write() and snapshot() operations in IRIS(PRC) (code for pi) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-one-two-and-three-rounds-in-iris-pr3sx-with-x-3-19z163u9.png Figure 2: One, two and three rounds in IRIS (PR3Sx) with x = 3 (PR3S3 is satisfied from round 2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-borowsky-gafnis-one-shot-write-snap-algorithm-code-4jadwlbw.png Figure 8: Borowsky-Gafni’s one-shot write snap() algorithm (code for pi) https://scispace.com/papers/the-ituwa-surge-deposits-of-the-holocene-ngozi-caldera-mbeya-4myj63o7rc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-panoramic-view-of-the-distal-ituwa-surge-deposits-near-elktmch4.png Fig. 2 Panoramic view of the distal Ituwa Surge deposits near the town of Mbalizi (coordinates: S8 5506.600, E33 22027.100) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-panoramic-view-of-the-ituwa-quarry-and-its-medial-1d9h5zwb.png Fig. 1 a Panoramic view of the Ituwa quarry and its medial Ituwa Surge deposits with its source area, the Ngozi caldera, in the background (picture taken from coordinates: S8 56025.500, E33 30022.800), b the surge deposits showing an upward change from thinly bedded planar bed forms at the base to abundant dune forms at the top (coordinates: S8�56037.000, E33�30025.900), c typical small-scale feature as it can be seen in the Ituwa Surge deposits with symmetric ripples growing into an antidune https://scispace.com/papers/the-job-guarantee-design-jobs-and-implementation-5d3rd03x7h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-support-for-government-job-creation-and-employer-of-35dagv9w.png Figure 3: Support for Government Job Creation and Employer of Last Resort Policies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-support-for-government-employment-programs-and-job-3u1u5emp.png Figure 2: Support for Government Employment Programs and Job Creation Laws https://scispace.com/papers/the-journey-towards-dollarization-the-role-of-the-tourism-4expne0u39 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-iv-tobit-results-2hljqbut.png Table 3: IV Tobit Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-1rxidxt6.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-outlier-effects-1sb1tvcr.png Table 4: Outlier Effects https://scispace.com/papers/the-k-0-inrim-software-a-tool-to-compile-uncertainty-budgets-zhwzrffg4c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-uncertainty-budget-of-cr-in-cerebrospinal-fluid-the-3g621w47.png Table 1: Uncertainty budget of Cr in cerebrospinal fluid. The index column gives the relative contributions of the standard uncertainty u(xi) to the combined standard uncertainty, uc(y), of the output quantity Y, wa. Only the input quantities Xi with an index greater than 1.0% are listed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-absolute-a-and-normalized-b-mass-fractions-obtained-3efz69sf.png Figure 1. Absolute (a) and normalized (b) mass fractions obtained in the first and second test, wa 1 (hollow circles) and wa 2 (hollow squares), respectively, compared to the reference values, wa 0 (solid circles). The error bars indicate a 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/papers/the-k-nearest-neighbour-join-turbo-charging-the-kdd-process-2nwtzl6b3n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-results-for-the-16-dimensional-cad-data-3gn06e62.png Fig. 14. Results for the 16-dimensional CAD data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-index-architecture-of-the-multipage-index-inuak0sj.png Fig. 6. Index architecture of the multipage index. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-fast-index-scan-for-single-range-queries-l-and-for-3q5teohr.png Fig. 7. The fast index scan for single range queries (l.) and for single nearest neighbour queries (r.). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-structure-of-a-fractionated-pqueue-3dw9k5h9.png Fig. 9. Structure of a fractionated pqueue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-k-nn-join-on-the-multipage-index-here-k-1-2kb0j1ta.png Fig. 8. k-nn join on the multipage index (here k = 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-difference-between-similarity-join-operations-2bkeeaql.png Fig. 1. Difference between similarity join operations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-k-distance-diagram-89vnl1dd.png Fig. 5. k-distance diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-pruning-of-bucket-pairs-for-the-k-nn-join-1fkarenh.png Fig. 12. Pruning of bucket pairs for the k-nn join. https://scispace.com/papers/the-keck-aperture-masking-experiment-near-infrared-sizes-of-5gblbrmg3f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-journal-of-observations-dvavnyqh.png TABLE 3 Journal of Observations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-same-as-fig-1-but-for-the-results-for-the-fitting-of-2qg9tsej.png Fig. 3.—Same as Fig. 1, but for the results for the fitting of recalibrated simulated data using calibrators from the 2000 June epoch for the PAHcs filter using the annulus mask. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-same-as-fig-1-but-for-the-results-for-the-fitting-of-3o4cu9u1.png Fig. 2.—Same as Fig. 1, but for the results for the fitting of recalibrated simulated data using calibrators from the 2000 June epoch for the H filter using the annulus mask. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-near-infrared-characteristic-size-ratios-vs-k-band-b3bvskgi.png Fig. 11.—Near-infrared characteristic size ratios vs. K-band magnitude. The left panel shows the results for the ratio of the FWHMat 1.65 m to the FWHMat 2.2 m, while the right panel shows the results for the ratio of the FWHM at 3.08 m to the FWHM at 2.2 m. We plot the mean size ratio (dashed line) and also mark with arrows the expected size ratios for (1) an optically thin, spherically symmetric dust shell and (2) the WR 104 reference model of Harries et al. (2004), viewed from a 30 inclination angle. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-nirc-camera-infrared-filters-1gk1lv1j.png TABLE 1 Properties of NIRC Camera Infrared Filters https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-infrared-size-results-zzgka2o0.png TABLE 4 Mean Infrared Size Results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-same-as-fig-7-but-for-wr-104-see-the-electronic-3ugthb1c.png Fig. 8.—Same as Fig. 7, but for WR 104. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-multiwavelength-aperture-synthesis-images-of-wr-98a-on-31ky7kzm.png Fig. 7.—Multiwavelength aperture synthesis images of WR 98a on UT 2000 June 24, at 1.65, 2.2, and 3.08 m. Note that the resolution is lower at the longer wavelengths, as indicated by the ‘‘beam’’ spot located in the bottom left corner of each panel [representing the best achievable angular resolution, ¼ k / 2Bmaxð Þ]. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/papers/the-karl-g-jansky-very-large-array-sky-survey-vlass-science-595md3d7d9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-two-nearby-star-forming-galaxies-from-the-sample-of-3754fv4g.png Figure 6. Two nearby star-forming galaxies from the sample of Condon et al. (2019) in VLASS. Left, IC 5373, a merging galaxy pair at z=0.033, right NGC 7803 at z=0.018. In both images, the VLASS data are shown in grayscale, and contours are from NVSS (at −1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 mJy beam−1). The insets show PanSTARRS r-band images with VLASS contours superposed (levels −0.26, 0.26, 0.39, 0.78 and 1.56 mJy beam−1). In both cases, not only are the galaxies detected, but also spatially resolved. In particular, both of the merging pair in IC 5373 are separately detected, with the easternmost galaxy having a compact radio structure that may indicate either a nuclear starburst or a weak AGN. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-rotation-measure-images-for-3c402-on-the-left-is-2kgqczp3.png Figure 13. Rotation measure images for 3C402. On the left is the NVSS image, using reprocessed data from Taylor et al. (2009). Contours are Stokes I flux density (levels 9, 30, 150, 450 and 840 mJy/beam). On the right are shown 3C402N and 3C402S in VLASS, with contours of polarized flux density (levels 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2 Jy/beam). (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-images-produced-during-an-image-making-workshop-at-2xfu5rov.png Figure 14. Images produced during an image-making workshop at the University of Manitoba (2018 July). Using the layers schema in GIMP, a different color was assigned to each of four VLASS frequency subbands for the AGN 4C48.49. Each participant attempted to retain the viewers’ attention by selecting a harmonious palette of colors, orientation, and cropping. A mask was applied to reduce Quick Look imaging artifacts. The variety of images demonstrates that a number of visualization solutions are valid. Credit: Top row, left to right: G. Ferrand (RIKEN) and D. Romano (University of New South Wales). Bottom row, left to right: M. Boyce, Y. Gordon, A. Vantyghem (University of Manitoba). (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-radio-source-3c402-illustrating-the-advance-in-2engjkdx.png Figure 7. The radio source 3C402, illustrating the advance in angular resolution provided by VLASS over the whole sky. The contours show the NVSS image (contour levels 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mJy), which is superposed on a grayscale of the PanSTARRS i-band image. The two insets show the VLASS data (made with the lower one-third of the frequency band (peak flux density=0.062 Jy beam−1, beam size 2 9×2 6 at a position angle of 19°) corresponding to the two AGN that make up this radio source (Riley & Pooley 1975). The inset boxes are 1 8 on a side. The resolution of VLASS shows that what looks plausibly like a single radio source in the NVSS breaks up into two separate sources in VLASS, identified with two different galaxies, both at a redshift of 0.026. (Note that 3C402 is outside of the FIRST footprint.) (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-radio-sources-with-complicated-faraday-37ovorqk.png Figure 3. Two radio sources with complicated Faraday structures from the Australia Telescope Compact Array observations of O’Sullivan et al. (2017). Both the degree of polarization, p, and the position angle, ψ, vary rapidly with frequency. Such sources would be possible to identify from VLASS data alone (which spans the range 0.006<λ2<0.023 m2). (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-vcss-will-add-the-detection-of-low-surface-18aadyed.png Figure 10. VCSS will add the detection of low surface brightness steep spectrum emisson to the VLASS data set. The top row shows the z=0.519 double–double radio galaxy B1834+620 in NVSS (left, peak flux density=240 mJy beam−1), the VCSS epoch 1 first look image (middle, peak flux density=660 mJy beam−1, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-kpc-scale-dual-radio-agn-mined-from-the-vla-stripe-22dcmwir.png Figure 5. Kpc-scale dual radio AGN mined from the VLA Stripe 82 survey. For each system, we show a wide-field SDSS deep coadded gri color image, a narrowfield UKIDSS J-band image overlaid with the 1.4 GHz contours from VS82 (blue; 1 8 beam) and the VLA 6 GHz A-configuration continuum contours (red; 0 3 beam), and a zoom-in on the VLA 6 GHz intensity map. The projected separation of each pair is labeled. VLASS will cover more than 300 times more area than VS82, so, despite the lower resolution of VLASS, many examples of dual AGN at z∼0.1 to z>1 with separations ∼3 to ∼30 kpc will be found. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-surveys-can-have-considerable-staying-power-as-3rith88l.png Figure 1. Surveys can have considerable “staying power,” as illustrated by the citation statistics for two surveys conducted using the Very Large Array. The NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS, Condon et al. 1998), and the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty Centimeters (FIRST, Becker et al. 1995; White et al. 1997). Even though both surveys are approaching their second decade since completion, the number of citations, as indexed by the Astrophysics Data System shown here as a stacked histogram of NVSS and FIRST citations (which may include some double counting from papers that use both surveys), is holding steady or increasing. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/papers/the-k-n-k-x-reaction-in-coupled-channels-chiral-models-up-to-6gvf4n8lvf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-total-cross-sections-of-the-k-p-k0-0-24r27ebr.png FIG. 3. (Color online) The total cross sections of the K−p → K0 0,K+ − reactions obtained from the WT (no K ) fit (dotted line), the NLO (noK ) fit (dashed line), the WT fit (dot-dashed line), and the NLO fit (solid line). Experimental data are from [46–52]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-values-of-the-parameters-and-the-corresponding-2hsa9ec9.png TABLE III. Values of the parameters and the corresponding χ2d.o.f., defined as in Eq. (26), for the different fits described in the text. The value of the pion decay constant is fπ = 93 MeV and the subtraction constants are taken at a regularization scale μ = 1 GeV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-cij-coefficients-of-eq-8-20yn1vtx.png TABLE VII. Cij coefficients of Eq. (8). https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-values-of-the-parameters-and-the-corresponding-kh2d-1mtsjimd.png TABLE VI. Values of the parameters and the corresponding χ2d.o.f., defined as in Eq. (26), for the different fits described in the text. The value of the pion decay constant is fπ = 93 MeV and the subtraction constants are taken at a regularization scale μ = 1 GeV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-properties-of-the-three-and-four-star-hyperon-lbppgua5.png TABLE IV. Properties of the three- and four-star hyperon resonances in the mass range 1.89 < M < 2.35 GeV taken from the results of the PDG review [56]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-total-cross-sections-of-the-k-p-k0-0-k-2tm0uy23.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Total cross sections of the K−p → K0 0, K+ − reactions for the NLO* fit (dashed line), the WT+RES fit (dotted line), and the NLO+RES fit (solid line); see the text for more details. Experimental data are from [46–52]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-differential-cross-section-of-the-k-p-k0-hgx9yt5p.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Differential cross section of the K−p → K0 0 reaction for the NLO* fit (dashed line), the WT+RES fit (dotted line), and the NLO+RES fit (solid line); see the text for more details. Experimental data are from [46–52]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagrammatic-solution-of-the-bethe-salpeter-equation-1alq4bob.png FIG. 1. Diagrammatic solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation, where the interaction kernel V is represented by the empty blobs, the scattering matrix T by the solid blobs, and the loop function G is represented by the intermediate baryon-meson propagators. https://scispace.com/papers/the-keys-to-unlocking-public-payments-data-24twkugwl0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-flow-diagram-for-full-matches-3o2l1dem.png Figure 5: A Flow Diagram For Full Matches https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-distributions-across-all-local-authorities-2hjhsq97.png Figure 11: The Distributions Across all Local Authorities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-payments-by-icnpo-group-2m4f5u7g.png Figure 9: Payments by ICNPO Group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-most-common-words-by-register-1cb1wqth.png Figure 2: Most Common Words by Register https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-local-authority-payments-across-icnpo-subgroups-3u0e7y4h.png Table 5: Local Authority Payments Across ICNPO Subgroups https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-highest-value-string-literal-recipients-in-raw-la-1cs7e9m6.png Table 1: Highest Value String Literal Recipients in Raw LA Data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-most-commonly-unmatched-words-by-register-wdwhhco2.png Figure 8: Most Commonly Unmatched Words by Register https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-local-authorities-which-procure-the-most-from-third-18p4ocva.png Table 6: Local Authorities which Procure the Most from Third Sector https://scispace.com/papers/the-keystone-ic1302-cost-action-37g2p3svf8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-working-group-member-research-keywords-2m8tql0k.png Fig. 3. Working Group Member research keywords. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-working-group-member-research-keywords-35i8vzw7.png Fig. 2. Working Group Member research keywords. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geographical-distribution-of-the-working-group-members-1ncgxjy4.png Fig. 1. Geographical distribution of the Working Group Members. https://scispace.com/papers/the-kinetics-and-mechanism-of-atmospheric-corrosion-41c50op5yh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-showing-filiform-corrosion-mechanism-b-4gcviv5b.png Figure 1. a.) Schematic showing filiform corrosion mechanism. b.) Schematics showing the five galvanic couples on which the initiation and propagation of filiform corrosion was investigated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-free-corrosion-potential-of-pure-iron-pure-tin-and-1hq3we5t.png Table I. Free Corrosion Potential of pure iron, pure tin and FeSn and FeSn2 intermetallic coatings in 0.1 M HCl at 20◦C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-current-density-as-a-function-of-potential-in-32lek7ye.png Figure 2. Current density as a function of potential in aerated 0.6 mol.dm−3 NaCl. Potential sweep rate 0.1667×10−3 Vs−1.+. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-sem-image-showing-a-intact-fesn-coating-and-b-2lz8airl.png Figure 10. SEM image showing a.) intact FeSn coating and b.) substrate corrosion in a trench cut from a tail of FFC initiated on 0.88 g.m−2 FeSn. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-graph-showing-the-corroded-area-after-the-2vegfq5h.png Figure 9. Graph showing the corroded area after the initiation of FFC using 0.0025 M FeCl2 on PVB coated ai.) pure iron ii.) 0.44 g.m−2 FeSn and iii.) 0.88 g.m−2 FeSn bi.) pure iron and ii.) 0.37 g.m−2 FeSn2 and iii.) 1.6 g.m−2 FeSn2 coated steel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-photographs-of-samples-taken-after-a-1-week-b-2-3auj57zb.png Figure 8. Photographs of samples taken after a.) 1 week, b.) 2 weeks, c.) 3 weeks and d.) 4 weeks showing that FFC could be initiated on 0.37 g.m−2 FeSn2 using 0.0025 M FeCl2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-photographs-of-samples-taken-a-1-week-b-2-weeks-c-3-1kaj1q4v.png Figure 6. Photographs of samples taken a.) 1 week, b.) 2 weeks, c.) 3 weeks, d.) 4 weeks, e.) 5 weeks and f.) 6 weeks after initiation showing that FFC could propagate onto 0.44 g.m−2 FeSn after initiation on the steel substrate using 0.0025 M FeCl2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-photographs-of-samples-taken-after-6-weeks-2o6myil4.png Figure 7. Photographs of samples taken after 6 weeks comparing FFC initiated on a.) 0.44 g.m−2 FeSn and b.) 0.88 g.m−2 FeSn coated steel, using 0.0025 M FeCl2. https://scispace.com/papers/the-kinetics-of-polyethylenimine-mediated-transfection-in-4seud8imeu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relationship-between-reporter-plasmid-quantity-and-1jz5anpt.png Fig. 1 Relationship between reporter plasmid quantity and transient reporter protein expression. CHO cells were transfected at a PEI:DNA ratio of 2:1 (w/w) with various amounts of pEGFP-N1 as indicated. The total amount of DNA was kept constant at 2.5 lg/well by addition of the appropriate amount of salmon sperm DNA. GFPspecific fluorescence was measured by fluorimetry at 3 day posttransfection and reported as relative fluorescence units (RFU) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-competitor-dna-on-pei-mediated-transfection-2rjnnhx0.png Fig. 2 Effect of competitor DNA on PEI-mediated transfection. Various amounts of salmon sperm or CHO genomic DNA were added to cells prior to transfection. The cells were then transfected with 2% pEGFP-N1 and 98% salmon sperm DNA at a PEI:DNA ratio of 2:1 (w/w). As a control (C), the competitor DNA was added 3 h after transfection. GFP-specific fluorescence was measured by fluorimetry at 3 day post-transfection. The RFU values were normalized to the average value obtained for the transfections performed in the absence of competitor DNA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-pei-dna-ratio-on-the-kinetics-of-pei-dna-e7xgntyh.png Fig. 5 Effect of PEI:DNA ratio on the kinetics of PEI–DNA uptake. (a) Cells were transfected with 2% pEGFP-N1 and 98% salmon sperm DNA at different PEI:DNA ratios as indicated by keeping the DNA amount constant and varying the amount of PEI. Salmon sperm DNA was added to the culture medium at a concentration of 15 lg/ml at the times indicated, and the GFP-specific fluorescence was measured by fluorimetry at 3 day post-transfection. The RFU values https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-particle-maturation-time-on-the-kinetics-of-a0ac3bx3.png Fig. 4 Effect of particle maturation time on the kinetics of PEI–DNA uptake. Cells were transfected with 2% pEGFP-N1 and 98% salmon sperm DNA at a PEI:DNA ratio of 2:1 (w/w) after particle formation at room temperature for the times indicated. At various times thereafter, salmon sperm DNA was added to the medium at a concentration of 15 lg/ml. GFP-specific fluorescence was measured by fluorimetry at 3 day post-transfection. The RFU values were normalized to the average value obtained for the transfection in which competitor DNA was added at 180 min post-transfection and the particle maturation time was 10 min. (b) PEI–DNA particles formed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-kinetics-of-pei-dna-particle-uptake-a-cells-were-w1d786pn.png Fig. 3 Kinetics of PEI–DNA particle uptake. (a) Cells were transfected with 2% pEGFP-N1 and 98% salmon sperm DNA at a PEI:DNA ratio of 2:1 (w/w). At the times indicated, salmon sperm DNA was added to the medium at a concentration of 15 lg/ml. GFPspecific fluorescence was measured by fluorimetry at 3 day posttransfection. The RFU values were normalized to the average value obtained for the transfections in which the competitor DNA was added at 180 min post-transfection. (b) Cells were transfected as in (a) and the PEI–DNA uptake was inhibited at the times indicated by https://scispace.com/papers/the-kinetics-and-mechanisms-of-organic-reactions-in-liquid-1c1257etvw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-6-1-h-nmr-shift-of-trifluoroethylamine-and-2a8kd5oh.png Table 1.6 1 H NMR shift of trifluoroethylamine and trifluoroethylamine hydrochloride in DMSO-d6 and in liquid ammonia at 25 o C https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-7-1-h-nmr-shift-of-benzylamine-benzylamine-c6tpr59k.png Table 1.7 1 H NMR shift of benzylamine, benzylamine hydrochloride and triethylbenzylammonium chloride in DMSO-d6 and in liquid ammonia at 25 o C https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-8-1-h-nmr-shift-of-piperidine-and-piperidine-h0yvr9jo.png Table 1.8 1 H NMR shift of piperidine and piperidine hydrochloride in DMSO-d6 and in liquid ammonia at 25 o C https://scispace.com/figures/table-a29-second-order-rate-constant-for-4-substituted-3gdpfso7.png Table A29 Second order rate constant for 4-substituted benzyl chloride with piperidine in liquid ammonia at 25 o C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-the-dependence-of-the-pseudo-order-rate-constant-2we4pcd4.png Figure 4.4 The dependence of the pseudo order rate constant for the reaction between 4-NFB and morpholine on the concentration of morpholine in LNH3 at 25 o C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-21-the-ionisation-of-carbon-acids-in-liquid-ammonia-3n3qw006.png Table 1.21 The ionisation of carbon acids in liquid ammonia at 25 o C by NMR compared with pKa values in water and DMSO https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-the-second-order-rate-constants-of-the-reactions-dkkgmgau.png Table 3.3 The second order rate constants of the reactions between 4-substituted phenoxide and alkoxide ions with benzyl chloride in LNH3 at 25 o C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-6-the-dependence-of-the-pseudo-first-order-rate-15etwnic.png Figure 4.6 The dependence of the pseudo first order rate constant concentration for the reaction between 4-NFB and sodium azide on sodium azide in LNH3 at 25 o C (I = 3M, NaNO3). https://scispace.com/papers/the-kinetics-of-the-homogeneous-benzylation-of-potato-starch-2igy3fwllq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-solubility-of-benzyl-chloride-in-water-plotted-32utj358.png Fig. 4. The solubility of benzyl chloride in water plotted against the temperature. Data: W this work; þ Olivier (1934); A Ohnishi and Tanabe (1971). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experimental-conditions-and-results-of-the-rate-2o19zthp.png Table 3 Experimental conditions and results of the rate determination of starch benzylation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-conditions-and-results-of-the-rate-1uh9mspx.png Table 1 Experimental conditions and results of the rate determination of the hydrolysis of BzCl https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-reaction-rate-versus-the-sodium-hydroxide-3k6beivt.png Fig. 3. Reaction rate versus the sodium hydroxide concentration, for the hydrolysis experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-typical-consumption-of-hydroxide-solution-during-an-3prw8fkr.png Fig. 2. Typical consumption of hydroxide solution during an hydrolysis experiment versus time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-used-for-the-kinetic-measurements-8bbh87i0.png Fig. 1. Experimental setup used for the kinetic measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-intermediate-results-of-the-benzylation-and-37g82y0v.png Table 4 Intermediate results of the benzylation and hydrolysis experiments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-reaction-rate-versus-the-sodium-hydroxide-33lcqa3t.png Fig. 5. The reaction rate versus the sodium hydroxide concentration, for the benzylation experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/the-kit-swiss-knife-gripper-for-disassembly-tasks-a-multi-3scqvw3106 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-kit-multi-functional-gripper-performing-the-2lmloz83.png Fig. 1: The KIT multi-functional gripper performing the disassembly of a hard disk. The gripper concept allows the exchange of built-in end-effector tools to operate on grasped objects. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-rendering-of-the-cad-design-for-the-first-prototype-of-1abk2vns.png Fig. 6: Rendering of the CAD design for the first prototype of the KIT Swiss-Knife gripper with description of the individual components. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-functional-and-operational-requirements-3dad93h5.png TABLE I: Functional and operational requirements https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-test-rig-to-determine-the-required-force-for-closing-314m7h8e.png Fig. 8: Test rig to determine the required force for closing the gripper: A weight of 2 kg is converted into a force of 20N that actuates the left gripping jaw via a rope mechanism https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-suction-tool-without-left-and-with-middle-plugged-206d1jhp.png Fig. 7: The suction tool without (left) and with (middle) plugged in tool as tool holder, tool geometry (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-kinematic-structure-of-the-kit-swiss-knife-gripper-23hpueh2.png Fig. 2: Kinematic structure of the KIT Swiss Knife Gripper. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-requirements-of-the-joints-and-specification-of-the-3rrlu6no.png TABLE II: Requirements of the joints and specification of the first CAD prototype https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-disassembly-actions-such-as-a-unscrewing-the-screws-of-2xjajg7a.png Fig. 3: Disassembly actions such as (a) unscrewing the screws of a HDD cover or (b) levering out an unscrewed HDD cover, where the rotational movement to lever is achieved by moving the grasped object with the parallel gripper instead of rotating the tool. (c) shows an object in hand reorientation. https://scispace.com/papers/the-koobface-botnet-and-the-rise-of-social-malware-33h5jg3fvt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-for-accounts-participating-in-koobfaces-b0thwn5u.png Table 1: Statistics for accounts participating in Koobface’s spam propagation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-arrival-rate-of-new-zombie-ips-3slu63el.png Figure 4: Arrival rate of new zombie IPs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-number-of-spam-messages-sent-by-facebook-accounts-1sdsdqcc.png Figure 5: Number of spam messages sent by Facebook accounts per day. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-obfuscation-techniques-employed-by-koobface-3jazongv.png Table 2: Obfuscation techniques employed by Koobface. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-blacklist-detection-rate-for-urls-spammed-by-3u8fr92l.png Table 3: Blacklist detection rate for URLs spammed by Koobface https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-number-of-spam-messages-sent-by-twitter-accounts-6x6wg0fe.png Figure 6: Number of spam messages sent by Twitter accounts per day. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-length-of-koobface-infections-for-twitter-accounts-3ic7w3pn.png Figure 7: Length of Koobface infections for Twitter accounts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-koobface-spamming-infrastructure-social-network-21h430o5.png Figure 1: Koobface spamming infrastructure. Social network users are redirected through multiple layers of obfuscation until finally being presented a malicious executable to install. https://scispace.com/papers/the-kyoto-protocol-a-review-and-perspectives-144kw6r6ky 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-baseline-emissions-and-emission-reduction-targets-2omkcsgp.png Table 2: Baseline emissions and emission reduction targets for Annex B regions* https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-non-cooperative-versus-cooperative-approach-in-ghg-1o0t776u.png Table 1: Non-cooperative versus cooperative approach in GHG abatement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-efficiency-gains-from-cooperation-iqyzp4xz.png Figure 1: Efficiency gains from cooperation https://scispace.com/papers/the-labour-content-of-mexican-manufactures-2008-and-2012-2zbxeqcasv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-covers-the-sectors-included-in-table-1-that-account-32joak4y.png Table 2 covers the sectors included in table 1 that account for over 5% of the total number of jobs created by exports of manufactures and those in which 4.6% or more of those jobs were located in 2012. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2g41d7zb.png TABLE 3 https://scispace.com/papers/the-ladies-companion-to-the-flower-garden-5kahcbkip4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-c1ickvcr.png Fig. 22. https://scispace.com/figures/figs-3-to-6-show-an-improved-mode-budding-which-has-been-2x2hdm29.png Figs 3 to 6, show an improved mode budding, which has been lately found https://scispace.com/figures/fig-30-2bdufk4l.png Fig. 30. https://scispace.com/papers/the-lagrangian-kinematics-of-three-dimensional-darcy-flow-43502dj0b4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-moffatt-tsinober-1992-show-that-two-linked-vortex-3qoff0s2.png Figure 1. (a) Moffatt & Tsinober (1992) show that two linked vortex rings J1 and J2 with respective closed contours C1, C2 and circulation rates κ1 and κ2 have total helicityH = ±2nκ1κ2, where n is the linking number (a topological invariant that characterises the number of times two closed curves cross) of the closed contours C1, C2. (b) A trefoil knotted vortex generated by a suddenly accelerated trefoil wing, adapted from Kleckner & Irvine (2013). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-classes-of-3-d-steady-flow-according-to-their-uzfnahgk.png Figure 3. Classes of 3-D steady flow according to their kinematics, where p(x), q(x) are smooth scalar functions, A is the smooth vector potential, ‘C’ denotes compressible flow, ‘IC’ denotes incompressible flow, ‘I’ denotes integrable flow (that which can be represented by a pair of streamfunctions), ‘SF’ denotes stagnation-free flow and ‘HF’ denotes helicity-free flow. The main results in this study pertain to stagnation-free flows as indicated by the shaded grey region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-schematic-of-spacing-ab-between-streamlines-located-2h89gh66.png Figure 8. Schematic of spacing ab between streamlines located at xa and xb (with corresponding streamfunction pairs (ψ1,a, ψ1,b), (ψ2,a, ψ2,b)) in a cross-sectional plane of constant x1. The points x′a and x′b denote the intersection of the level sets of (ψ̄1,a, ψ̄1,b), (ψ̄2,a, ψ̄2,b)), respectively, and ̄ab is the spacing between these points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-convergence-of-the-divergence-error-dph-of-the-1rgw6eg3.png Figure 4. (a) Convergence of the divergence error dφ of the potential velocity vφ(x) of the triply periodic Darcy flow with increasing grid resolution NΔ. (b) Convergence of the streamfunction vψ(x) and potential vφ(x) solutions for this flow with increasing grid resolution NΔ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-contour-plot-of-the-hydraulic-conductivity-field-1ryagrdg.png Figure 5. (a) Contour plot of the hydraulic conductivity field f = ln k in the unit cube, (b) resultant level sets of the flow potential φ (grey) and streamfunctions ψ1 (red) and ψ2 (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-streamline-blue-vorticity-vector-red-covariant-gi-so3xuppk.png Figure 6. Streamline (blue), vorticity vector (red), covariant gi and contravariant g i basis vectors of the streamline coordinate system. As indicated by the black ellipse, the contravariant and covariant vectors g2, g3, g 2, g3 and vorticity ω are all coplanar and perpendicular to the collinear velocity v, g1 and g 1 vectors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-non-trivial-streamline-topology-in-non-zero-l23s4kca.png Figure 2. Non-trivial streamline topology in non-zero helicity density flows. (a) Braiding motion of three streamlines (red, yellow, cyan) in a chaotic steady 3-D flow (mean flow direction is bottom to top). Due to the braiding motion of these streamlines, a material line (purple) connecting the yellow and cyan streamlines must grow exponentially with downstream distance as this line cannot cross the streamlines. Note that the exponential growth of this material line in a chaotic manner precludes the existence of analytic streamfunctions ψ1, ψ2 for this non-integrable flow. Adapted from Boyland et al. (2000). (b) Knotted fluid particle trajectories (white lines) in a steady anisotropic 3-D Darcy flow, with isopotential and isoconductivity surfaces shown. Here, the tensorial nature of the conductivity field means this flow is not helicity free, and so can admit a richer set of kinematics (such as the knotted flow structure shown) than isotropic Darcy flow. Adapted from Cole & Foote (1990). (c) Braided streamlines (coloured red, white and green) in a steady non-stationary anisotropic 3-D Darcy flow with non-zero helicity (mean flow direction is left to right). Here, the tensorial conductivity structure imparts helical streamlines that braid with each other and accelerate mixing and dispersion. Adapted from Chiogna et al. (2015). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-schematic-of-ps1-red-solid-and-ps2-blue-solid-11jwxgjd.png Figure 7. Schematic of ψ1 (red, solid) and ψ2 (blue, solid) streamsurfaces (solid) and ψ̄1 (red, dashed) and ψ̄2 (blue, dashed) level sets in a plane of constant x1, depicting points x0, x′0 and length δ i(x0) as described in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/the-land-behind-the-land-behind-baghdad-archaeological-2636zv9na3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-probable-sasanian-military-forts-at-srp-9-left-and-a-3uuy90r1.png Fig. 10 Probable Sasanian military forts at SRP 9 (left) and a still unrecorded site on the east bank of the Diyala, as seen on 1968 CORONA imagery https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-sirwan-diyala-region-with-key-sites-2t7lz75f.png Fig. 1 Map of the Sirwan/Diyala region with key sites mentioned in the text (base map © MDA Information Systems 2010, USGS and NASA) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-prehistoric-finds-including-top-pre-pottery-neolithic-1jiwt1i3.png Fig. 4 Prehistoric finds, including (top) Pre-Pottery Neolithic materials from SRP 10, (middle) Hassuna ceramics from SRP 22, and (bottom) Uruk-period bevelled-rim bowls from SRP 79 (drawings: Francesca Chelazzi, Evrim Nazli Şerifoğlu, Lorraine McEwan) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-major-bronze-and-iron-age-sites-of-top-qala-2fw80cv7.png Fig. 6 The major Bronze and Iron Age sites of (top) Qala Shirwana (SRP 1), (middle) Tepe Kalan (SRP 18), and (bottom) Binah Baj (SRP 19) as they appear on 1968 CORONA and 2011 GeoEye satellite imagery (2011 imagery © DigitalGlobe 2015) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-gawr-tepe-amajor-sasanian-city-in-the-central-brruvndm.png Fig. 9 Gawr Tepe, amajor Sasanian city in the central KhaniMasi plain as it appears in 1968CORONA (upper left) and modern Google Maps served imagery (upper right). A 3D model of the central building complex (bottom), measuring nearly 350 m, was produced from kite photographs (imagery processing: Elise Laugier) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-second-millennium-b-c-surface-pottery-from-srp-46-3tl91wqe.png Fig. 8 Second millennium B.C. surface pottery from SRP 46 (drawings: Francesca Chelazzi, Evrim Nazli Şerifoğlu, Lorraine McEwan) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-photograph-of-incised-diyala-sirwan-river-valley-1efdlpta.png Fig. 2 Photograph of incised Diyala/Sirwan River Valley https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-akurdish-village-as-it-appeared-on-corona-satellite-2yjpsq5k.png Fig. 13 AKurdish village as it appeared on CORONA satellite imagery in 1968 (top) is one of dozens that were forcibly abandoned during the 1980s, now appearing much like other archaeological sites (bottom) (GeoEye imagery © DigitalGlobe 2015) https://scispace.com/papers/the-language-and-writing-system-of-ms408-voynich-explained-38iupeewrb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-oh7p0nit.png Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-27-19auw8f9.png Fig. 27. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-gp17xhry.png Fig. 14. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-3pp5o8ti.png Fig. 24. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-56-detail-from-folio-73-right-8v1bn443.png Fig. 56. Detail from Folio 73 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-symbol-conversion-key-for-ms408-3njmtm0j.png Fig. 12. Symbol conversion key for MS408. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-20r5ip04.png Fig. 18. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3opbhbr7.png Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/papers/the-land-surface-snow-and-soil-moisture-model-3av5e0f72v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-ls3mip-experiments-experiments-with-qqzqd3jl.png Table 1. Summary of LS3MIP experiments. Experiments with specific treatment of subsets of land surface features are not listed in this overview. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-earth-system-modeling-groups-participating-in-ls3mip-2qxglg6e.png Table 2. Earth system modeling groups participating in LS3MIP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-taylor-diagram-for-evaluating-the-forcing-data-sets-2urhaohy.png Figure 5. Taylor diagram for evaluating the forcing data sets comparing to daily observations from FLUXNET sites, as used by (Best et al., 2015): (a) 2 m air temperature and (b) precipitation. Red, blue and green dots indicate GSWP3, Watch Forcing Data (Weedon et al., 2011) and Princeton forcing (Sheffield et al., 2006), respectively. Grey and orange dots indicate 20CR and its dynamically downscaled product (GSM248). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-the-landmips-ls3mip-includes-1-the-2gue0rz6.png Figure 1. Structure of the “LandMIPs”. LS3MIP includes (1) the offline representation of land processes (LMIP) and (2) the representation of land–atmosphere feedbacks related to snow and soil moisture (LFMIP). Forcing associated with land use is assessed in LUMIP. Substantial links also exist to C4MIP (terrestrial carbon cycle). Furthermore, a land albedo test bed experiment is planned within GeoMIP. From Seneviratne et al. (2014). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-global-distributions-of-the-similarity-index-for-99ev0zko.png Figure 6. Global distributions of the similarity index ( ) for 2001–2010 of monthly mean (a, c) and (b, d) monthly variance (calculated from daily data from each data set) of 2 m air temperature (top panels) and precipitation (bottom panels), respectively. Shown are global distributions and zonal means. After Kim (2010). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-diagram-for-the-experiment-structure-of-1yi4ka6f.png Figure 4. Schematic diagram for the experiment structure of LS3MIP. Tier 1 experiments are indicated with a heavy black outline, and complementary ensemble experiments are indicated with white hatched lines. Land-Altforce represents three alternative forcings for the Land-Hist experiment. For further details on the experiments and acronyms, see Table 1 and text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-embedding-of-ls3mip-within-cmip6-adapted-from-d7br71ag.png Figure 3. Embedding of LS3MIP within CMIP6. Adapted from Eyring et al. (2015). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relevance-of-ls3mip-for-wcrp-core-projects-and-11d3nsju.png Figure 2. Relevance of LS3MIP for WCRP Core Projects and Grand Challenges2. https://scispace.com/papers/the-landscape-of-driver-mutations-in-cutaneous-squamous-cell-dc7ilyr3wd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nomination-of-cancer-genes-in-cutaneous-squamous-14lq1ady.png Figure 2. Nomination of cancer genes in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. A. A Venn diagram depicting nominated cancer genes from four separate cancer gene discovery programs, each designed to identify genes under positive selection in cancer. The set of candidate genes were further curated, as described, to nominate candidates for which additional evidence is warranted (red text) or not (blue text). B. A list of mutations in our study that overlap mutations in the cancerhotspot.org database. Mutations are grouped by gene https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-candidate-cancer-genes-in-cutaneous-squamous-cell-cdd0b2w7.png Figure 3. Candidate cancer genes in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. A. The genes nominated in our meta-analysis are stratified by their mutation frequency (x-axis) and how often they were nominated in 8 previous studies (y-axis) that catalogued drivers of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. EP300, PBRM1, USP28, and CHUK were mutated in greater than 10% of tumors but not implicated by other studies. Lollipop diagrams portray the spectrum of mutations in each of these four genes in panels B-E. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-subtypes-of-cutaneous-squamous-cell-carcinoma-each-2v5jjad2.png Figure 1. Subtypes of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Each vertical bar corresponds to a single tumor. Top track: The mutation burden (mutations per megabase) of each tumor. Middle track: The fraction of mutations within each tumor matching the canonical UV radiation signature. Bottom track: The fraction of mutations attributable to established mutational signatures within each tumor. The proposed etiology of select signatures is indicated. XP = tumors from patients with xeroderma pigmentosum. Sporadic = tumors from patients with no known comorbidities. Immunosuppressed: tumors from immunosuppressed patients -- this group is further stratified by the usage or absence of azathioprine as an immunosuppressive drug. RDEB = tumors from patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-landscape-of-driver-mutations-in-cutaneous-mjker92v.png Figure. 4. The landscape of driver mutations in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. A. Tiling plot of the genetic alterations (rows) in each tumor (columns). Genes and tumors are further organized into pathways and clinical subtypes. The percentages of samples harboring pathogenic alterations are indicated. Mut, mutation; Amp, amplification; XPC, xeroderma pigmentosum; RDEB, recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. B. Pathways affected. TERT was not implicated in this study, which focused on coding mutations, but is included here because it is known to have promoter mutations, as described. https://scispace.com/papers/the-landscape-of-molecular-chaperones-across-human-tissues-1ba01pz4ot 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-chaperone-expression-in-muscle-tissue-is-evolutionary-3poipttm.png Fig. 3 Chaperone expression in muscle tissue is evolutionary conserved. a The experimental pipeline. C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line was grown to 95% confluency and differentiation was induced. After 8 days of differentiation, cells were separated to myotubes and reserve (undifferentiated) cells, and their proteomes were analyzed using mass spectrometry (three biological replicates for each treatment were used). b The correlation between the differential protein levels of 1561 proteins that were reliably measured in mouse myotubes vs. undifferentiated C2C12 cells, and the differential expression of their homologous genes in human skeletal muscle (r= 0.65, p= 2.2E−16, Pearson correlation). c The correlation between the differential protein levels of 65 chaperones that were reliably measured in mouse myotubes versus undifferentiated C2C12 cells, and the differential expression of their homologous genes in human skeletal muscle (r= 0.47, p= 7.8E−5, Pearson correlation). d The differential protein levels of 754 proteins that were reliably measured in https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chaperones-are-broadly-expressed-across-human-tissues-116gepon.png Fig. 1 Chaperones are broadly expressed across human tissues. a The distribution of 194 chaperones, 130 non-stress-induced chaperones and 17,689 other protein-coding genes by the number of tissues expressing them at a level ≥1 transcripts per million (TPM; the first bin represents genes expressed in a single tissue or two tissues, the second bin represents genes expressed in three or four tissues, etc.). Chaperones and non-stress-induced chaperones were significantly more broadly expressed than other protein-coding genes (p= 2.7E−9 for both, two-sided Kolmogorov–Smirnov test). b The median expression levels per tissue of chaperones, non-stress-induced chaperones and other protein-coding genes. Only genes expressed at a level ≥1 TPM were considered. Chaperones and non-stress-induced chaperones tend to be significantly more highly expressed across all 29 tissues (adjusted p between 1.7E −7 and 1.4E−19, and adjusted p between 0.026 and 4.9E−8, respectively, two-sided Mann–Whitney test). Chaperones n= 155–192; non-stress-induced chaperones n= 102–129; other protein-coding genes n= 10,689–15,555. c The cumulative distribution of the impact on growth of 186 chaperones and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-fundamental-roles-and-impact-of-core-chaperones-a-30g4mqvo.png Fig. 4 The fundamental roles and impact of core chaperones. a The functional roles of the 32 core chaperones. Chaperones with several functions appear in all categories that apply. Core chaperones performed basic function required by different cell types. b The overlap between core chaperones (top) or variable chaperones (bottom), and chaperones with known aberrations that are causal for Mendelian diseases. Core chaperones tend to be depleted of such chaperones, whereas variable chaperones tend to be enriched for them (p= 0.04, one-sided Fisher exact test). c The cumulative distribution of the impact on growth of core (blue) versus variable chaperones (pink) measured in 769 cell lines harboring CRISPR-induced gene inactivation. 31 core and 155 variable chaperones for which CRISPR scores were available were considered. Each gene was associated with its minimal CRISPR score. Core chaperones were significantly more important for growth (p= 1.9E−6, one-sided Kolmogorov–Smirnov test). d The median expression levels per tissue of core versus variable chaperones (based on n= 928 and n= 4173 values, respectively). Core chaperones were significantly more highly expressed (p= 2.2E−16, onesided Mann–Whitney test). In the boxplot representation, center line, median; box limits, upper and lower quartiles; whiskers, 1.5× interquartile range. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-layered-architecture-of-chaperones-across-3bxz4cx0.png Fig. 7 A layered architecture of chaperones across unicellular and multicellular organisms. The chaperone system of E. coli is composed of constitutive chaperones that can be induced upon stress (left). The https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-variable-expression-of-chaperones-across-human-bm9ikon1.png Fig. 2 The variable expression of chaperones across human tissues. a The distribution of 43 chaperones with known aberrations that are causal for Mendelian diseases by the number of tissues expressing them at a level ≥1 transcripts per million (TPM) or above (denoted heredity disease chaperones), and the distribution of the respective 62 Mendelian diseases by the number of tissues in which they manifest clinically (denoted heredity diseases). We united sub-parts of the same tissue (e.g., adipose subcutaneous and adipose visceral omentum were united into a single adipose tissue), ending up with 20 united tissues. Most hereditary diseases are highly tissue-specific (Supplementary Data 3). In contrast, hereditary disease chaperones are expressed ubiquitously across tissues, also when considering other expression thresholds (Supplementary Fig. 1E). b A clustered heatmap showing the differential expression of 194 chaperones across tissues. Differential expression of a chaperone in a tissue was computed by comparing the expression profiles of that tissue to the expression profiles of all other tissues. Each entry reflects the log2 fold-change value (log2fc) of a chaperone (row) in a tissue (column); red and blue denote positive and negative log2fc values, respectively. Physiologically related tissues often clustered together. c The overlap between 57 chaperones that were upregulated (log2fc≥ 1) in human skeletal muscle relative to other tissues, and the 10 chaperones with a known aberration that causes heritable muscle disorders. Seven chaperones were both upregulated and associated with muscle disorders (p= 0.0078, one-sided Fisher exact test). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. https://scispace.com/papers/the-language-of-digital-genres-a-semiotic-investigation-of-31ro23dkry 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-4-th-generation-webstyle-1ru37fae.png Figure 11. 4 th generation webstyle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-letter-pattern-1xw4l9fn.png Figure 12. "Letter" pattern https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-1-st-generation-webstyle-3w305flb.png Figure 8. 1 st generation webstyle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-3-rd-generation-webstyle-2r4t58wo.png Figure 10. 3 rd generation webstyle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-2-nd-generation-webstyle-1xsycrv1.png Figure 9. 2 nd generation webstyle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-digital-products-overview-of-the-classification-2u5r6meg.png Figure 1. Digital products, overview of the classification system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-newspaper-pattern-ko24uxic.png Figure 14."Newspaper" pattern https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-form-pattern-1dk3iu6w.png Figure 13. "Form" pattern https://scispace.com/papers/the-laplace-equation-in-3d-domains-with-cracks-dual-3kf9yaygqz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-fe-model-and-the-mesh-26r8dqh2.png Figure 2. The FE model and the mesh. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-3-d-domain-containing-a-straight-singular-edge-at-ojco6q3b.png Figure 1. A 3-D domain containing a straight singular edge at (x; y) = (0; 0): https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-relative-error-in-the-extracted-a2-z-in-percentage-3ketzqx8.png Figure 8. Relative error in the extracted A2(z) in percentage - homogeneous Neumann BCs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relative-error-in-the-extracted-a0-z-in-percentage-b6tvxtnt.png Figure 6. Relative error in the extracted A0(z) in percentage - homogeneous Neumann BCs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a2-z-for-different-values-of-n-and-the-exact-3d5ohch1.png Figure 7. A2(z) for different values of n and the exact function - homogeneous Neumann BCs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relative-error-in-the-extracted-a2-z-in-percentage-2wngcq0i.png Figure 4. Relative error in the extracted A2(z) in percentage - homogeneous Dirichlet BCs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a0-z-obtained-for-different-values-of-n-and-the-1b8uwcgy.png Figure 5. A0(z) obtained for different values of n and the exact function - homogeneous Neumann BCs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a2-z-for-different-values-of-n-and-the-exact-8ndstsj2.png Figure 3. A2(z) for different values of n and the exact function - homogeneous Dirichlet BCs. https://scispace.com/papers/the-large-scale-drivers-of-population-declines-in-a-long-3sxyph0kdj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-contrasting-migration-routes-of-the-two-29ivu801.png Figure 1. The contrasting migration routes of the two subspecies of bar-tailed godwit investigated in this study. The migration routes from breeding areas to non-breeding areas, via staging sites, are shown for L. l. menzbieri (blue arrows) and L. l. baueri (orange arrows). Points are internationally important sites, defined as supporting 1% of the flyway population (Bamford et al. 2008). Data for the population trend analysis were available for 21 sites in Australia and New Zealand (Supplementary material Appendix 1 Fig. A1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-variable-importance-a-and-parameter-estimates-b-of-28s62wkf.png Figure 2. Variable importance (a) and parameter estimates (b) of covariates used in Bayesian N-mixture models of estimated abundance of bar-tailed godwit in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. (a) Indicator variable selection. Covariates with posterior inclusion probabilities 0.25 were considered unimportant and removed from the final model for abundance. Covariates 0.25 were considered potentially important and included in the final model for abundance. (b) Parameter estimates of the three covariates included in the final model for abundance. Points show the posterior means and lines indicate the 95% credible intervals. Coding of covariates are rain (rai), land surface temperature (tem), chlorophyll-a (chl) at staging (st), breeding (br) and non-breeding (nb) sites. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-total-abundance-estimates-for-the-two-subspecies-of-mni1tc61.png Figure 3. Total abundance estimates for the two subspecies of bar-tailed godwit, L. l. menzbieri (a) and L. l. baueri (b), investigated in this study. Solid colored lines indicate the posterior mean abundance estimate and shading areas indicate the 95% credible intervals. We detected significant declines in both species during the study period (1995–2012; L. l. menzbieri, –6.7% year–1; L. l. baueri; –2.1% year–1). https://scispace.com/papers/the-large-scale-spatial-patterns-of-ecological-networks-37hyksq586 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1fcwps0n.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-29cvgnu8.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2zc3egrc.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1snbmhld.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1s04vhok.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-28aqwnbu.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-last-scottish-ice-sheet-2w5z3idk8b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-summed-normal-kernel-density-estimates-of-1jk0wx6f.png Figure 23 Summed normal kernel density estimates of recalibrated cosmogenic 10Be exposure ages and their uncertainties for boulder samples from Wester Ross Readvance moraines. Upper line: all 22 samples; weighted mean age 15.28 ± 0.69 ka. Middle line: 14 ages originally reported by Ballantyne et al. (2009a); weighted mean age 15.31 ± 0.70 ka. Lower (dashed) line: 8 ages originally reported by Bradwell et al. (2008a); weighted mean age 15.23 ± 0.71 ka. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-moraines-marking-the-limits-of-the-wester-ross-5u6blxxs.png Figure 22 Moraines marking the limits of the Wester Ross Readvance, showing the sites sampled by Bradwell et al. (2008a; sites 1, 2 and 4) and Ballantyne et al. (2009a; sites 3, 5, 6 and 7) for cosmogenic 10Be exposure dating of boulders on moraines. From Ballantyne & Stone (2012), Journal of Quaternary Science 27, 297–306. 2011 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-reconstruction-of-the-pattern-of-retreat-of-the-84xu2e22.png Figure 16 Reconstruction of the pattern of retreat of the BIIS as depicted by Clark et al. (2012). Solid black lines record former ice margins based on landform evidence and dashed lines are interpolated or extrapolated ice margin positions. Reproduced from Clark et al. (2012) Quaternary Science Reviews 44, 112–146, with permission from Elsevier. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-time-slice-reconstruction-of-sis-deglaciation-clark-2ef77w7o.png Table 2 Time-slice reconstruction of SIS deglaciation (Clark et al. 2012; Hughes et al. 2016) _____________________________________________________________________________ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-main-palaeoglaciological-features-of-the-minch-ice-1abl29kk.png Figure 15 Main palaeoglaciological features of the Minch Ice Stream. White lines indicate proposed ice-stream tributaries and flowlines. Thick lines are inferred terminus positions proposed by Bradwell & Stoker (2015a), who considered that the outermost line probably represents a pre-MIS3/2 ice limit, but the inner lines represent Late Devensian ice margin positions. Hatching indicates an area of subglacial bedforms and iceberg scours, but lacking moraines. From Bradwell & Stoker (2015b) Boreas 44, 255–276. Boreas Collegium. Reproduced with permission from John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-key-locations-mentioned-in-the-text-ejw7tiom.png Figure 1 Key locations mentioned in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-seafloor-landforms-on-the-atlantic-shelf-and-10jswhfi.png Figure 11 Seafloor landforms on the Atlantic shelf and northern North Sea Basin mapped by Bradwell et al. (2008b) from the bathymetric data in Figure 10. Solid lines: ridges (moraines or moraine banks). Dashed lines: channels, interpreted as tunnel valleys excavated by subglacial meltwater. Reproduced from Bradwell et al. (2008b) Earth-Science Reviews 88, 207–226. 2008 NERC. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier B.V. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-reconstructed-ice-margin-positions-around-northern-2ic06qd1.png Figure 12 Reconstructed ice-margin positions around northern Scotland (coloured lines), interpreted from the alignment of submarine moraines by Bradwell & Stoker (2015a). Stages 1 and 2 are inferred to represent pre-MIS 3/2 moraines, and Stag 3 moraines are interpreted as the outermost Late Devensian moraines. Their interpretation of subsequent ice-sheet retreat (stages 4–10) implies early deglaciation of the northern Outer Hebrides and persistence of an ice cap centred on Orkney and Shetland after retreat of the ice margin to the present coast of NW Scotland. The dates depicted are selected (unrecalibrated) TCN ages. Reproduced from Bradwell, T. & Stoker, M. S. (2015) Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 105, 297–322 with permission from Cambridge University Press. https://scispace.com/papers/the-lateral-patellar-retinaculum-defect-anatomical-study-2e8rqqj9kf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ultrasounds-measurements-of-the-defect-a-craniocaudal-3tnwv4rw.png Fig. 1 Ultrasounds measurements of the defect. a Craniocaudal measurement (doubled bar line) of the defect (arrowhead) on a sagittal ultrasound image of the lateral retinaculum (arrows) in relation to the lateral tibial plateau (TP). b Corresponding position of the transducer. c Transverse measurement (doubled bar line) of the defect (arrowhead) on an axial ultrasound image of the right lateral retinaculum (arrows) in relation to patellar tendon (PT). d Corresponding position of the transducer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cadaver-dissection-of-a-right-knee-confirming-that-the-11m5xave.png Fig. 2 Cadaver dissection of a right knee confirming that the structure identified on US that was injected with China ink (arrow) (a) did represent a LPR defect related to a perforating artery (arrowheads) arising from the lateral superior and inferior genicular arteries (b) (P patella; TT tibial tuberosity) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-representation-of-the-vertical-line-position-1s5xsqec.png Fig. 4 Schematic representation of the vertical line position of the defect of the LPR, 5–6 mm lateral to the patellar tendon (LPR lateral patellar retinaculum, MPR medial patellar retinaculum, ITT iliotibial tract, QT quadriceps tendon, PT patellar tendon, VL vastus lateralis, VM vastus medialis) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-axial-ultrasound-image-at-rest-of-the-largest-defect-1qzy30d5.png Fig. 5 Axial ultrasound image at rest of the largest defect (doubled bar line) of the LPR (arrows) in the left knee (a) (PT patellar tendon), and inmaximal flexion showing an extrusion of the Hoffa’s fat pad through the defect of the LPR (b) (PT patellar tendon) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-anatomic-study-5fundeen.png Table 1 Characteristics of anatomic study https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-study-subjects-13hhjs8a.png Table 2 Characteristics of study subjects https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristics-of-study-subjects-3f5lw6lk.png Table 3 Characteristics of study subjects https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-axial-ultrasound-image-of-defects-of-the-lpr-with-2ycg6rid.png Fig. 3 Axial ultrasound image of defects of the LPR with color Doppler and pulsed Doppler showing a vein (a), an artery (b), and an artery (red) and a vein (blue) (c) passing through the defect on three different knees (PT patellar tendon; LFC lateral femoral condyle) https://scispace.com/papers/the-latest-financial-crisis-ir-goes-bankrupt-4g7gwdxlk9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-savings-investment-and-current-account-balance-in-13unm5av.png Figure 10: Savings, Investment and Current Account Balance in Oil-Exporting Countries (excludes Russia before 1992) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-top-20-ir-journals-engagement-with-4svcfobg.png Table 1: Overview of the Top 20 IR Journals’ Engagement with the Crisis https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-qualitative-analysis-of-the-top-20-ir-journals-fjawryth.png Table 2: Qualitative Analysis of the Top 20 IR Journals’ Engagement with the Crisis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-great-prosperity-vs-the-great-recession-220dxdm5.png Figure 1: The Great Prosperity vs. The Great Recession https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-income-growth-and-distribution-in-the-us-3ks9p10c.png Figure 2: Income Growth and Distribution in the US https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-chinas-foreign-exchange-reserves-2000-2008-billion-lfn9jux3.png Figure 9: China’s Foreign Exchange Reserves 2000-2008 (billion US$) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-current-account-balances-of-major-oil-exporting-1v52p8ah.png Figure 11: Current Account Balances of Major Oil-Exporting Countries (percent of GDP) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-capital-inflows-by-religion-billion-us-2pr2ler9.png Figure 12: Capital Inflows by Religion (billion US$) https://scispace.com/papers/the-lateral-trigger-probability-function-for-the-ultra-high-1rpy87xxne 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-lateral-trigger-probability-for-a-tot-station-proton-1vmqoz3t.png Fig. 4. Lateral Trigger Probability for a ToT station. Proton, iron and photon primaries of energy 1019 eV for two zenith angle ranges, 0 –38 (top) and 38 –65 (bottom). The outcome of the parametrization is superimposed as a continuous line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-lateral-trigger-probability-for-a-tot-station-zenith-3vpwut2m.png Fig. 5. Lateral Trigger Probability for a ToT station (zenith angle between 0 and 65 ). Proton primary at energy of 1019 eV with QGSJETII and SIBYLL. The ratio QGSJETII/SIBYLL is shown in the inset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-lateral-trigger-probability-for-a-tot-station-as-a-3m4lcqvj.png Fig. 3. Lateral Trigger Probability for a ToT station as a function of station distance to shower axis and for different energies (proton primary). The outcome of the parametrization is superimposed as a line. All zenith angles up to 65 are merged. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-simulation-with-hybrid-data-collected-in-38kna82e.png Fig. 6. Comparison of simulation with hybrid data collected in two years. All zenith angles up to 65 merged. The energy intervals are 1017.2 < E < 1017.7 eV, 1017.7 < E < 1018.2 eV, 1018.2 < E < 1018.7 eV, 1018.7 < E < 1019.2 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-simulation-with-hybrid-data-collected-in-1a5cwxjk.png Fig. 7. Comparison of simulation with hybrid data collected in two years. Zenith angles are split in two ranges 0 –38 (left) and 38 –65 (right). From top to bottom the energy intervals are 1017.2 < E < 1017.7 eV, 1017.7 < E < 1018.2 eV, 1018.2 < E < 1018.7 eV, 1018.7 < E < 1019.2 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ltp-functions-from-hybrid-data-at-energy-of-about-1018-195fji7m.png Fig. 8. LTP functions from hybrid data at energy of about 1018 eV for austral winter and austral summer compared to the parametrization derived in Section 3 (top) and ratio relative to the parametrization (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-lateral-trigger-probability-from-simulations-proton-10xyf928.png Fig. 1. Lateral Trigger Probability from simulations (proton primary) for a ToT station at a given energy, from 1017 eV up to 1019 eV in steps of 0.5 in the logarithmic scale. Different bins of cosh are also shown together with a fit performed according to Eq. (2), superimposed as a continuous line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fit-made-with-a-step-function-in-proximity-of-the-ffq6xsev.png Fig. 2. Fit made with a step function in proximity of the shower axis (continuous line) and by an exponential at larger distances (dashed line). The ToT probability is shown for vertical (left) and inclined (right) showers at energy of 1019 eV. https://scispace.com/papers/the-learner-centric-ecology-of-resources-a-framework-for-2c4lm3g709 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-homework-system-interface-on-the-tablet-pcs-o484rbck.png Figure 3 The HOMEWORK system interface on the Tablet PCs when out of school. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-learner-using-resources-to-access-knowledge-191dckia.png Figure 1 The learner using resources to access knowledge https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-learner-centric-ecology-of-resources-1kk9sihj.png Figure 2 The Learner Centric Ecology of Resources https://scispace.com/papers/the-leaf-platform-incremental-enhancements-for-the-j2ee-154vnjh09f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-internal-structure-of-leaf-the-picture-shows-1rwa1x2a.png Figure 3: The internal structure of LEAF. The picture shows three JVMs: a client, an EJB container and the container extension. In each JVM there is a service manager that activates and supervises the services. Examples: and show an invocation of a bean running in the EJB container; , and show an invocation of a singleton bean running in the container extension. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-j2ee-architectural-diagram-2z99sbiv.png Figure 1: J2EE Architectural Diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-leaf-overview-a-leaf-client-with-the-leaf-extended-2ynd655e.png Figure 2: LEAF overview: A LEAF client with the LEAF extended container. LEAF occupies each JVM in the form of the LEAF layer. The additional LEAF services are not shown here because they are provided like normal EJBs and singleton beans in the same way an application would write its own beans. https://scispace.com/papers/the-legal-social-and-ethical-controversy-of-the-collection-2glmrlwink 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-theoretical-framework-for-the-discipline-of-3cyq5xls.png Table 1. A Theoretical Framework for the Discipline of Criminalistics [16, p.2] https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-ndnad-database-attributes-30-1fhz7ti9.png Table 3. The NDNAD Database Attributes [30] https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-social-ethical-and-legal-issues-pertaining-to-dna-3ipvx3gw.png Table 5. Social, Ethical and Legal Issues Pertaining to DNA Databanks Identified by National Institute of Justice in the United States in 2000 [31, pp. 35f]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-finger-prints-on-the-surface-of-the-skin-right-2cjd4uab.png Figure 2. Left: Finger “prints” on the surface of the skin. Right: DNA blood “sample” taken by pricking the skin https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-core-set-diagram-studying-the-dna-controversy-1zrisixw.png Figure 1. The Core Set Diagram: Studying the DNA Controversy https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-legal-ethical-and-social-issues-related-to-use-of-2bwdbbkj.png Table 4. Legal, Ethical and Social Issues Related to Use of DNA in Criminal Law https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ways-to-mitigate-the-effect-of-dna-evidence-3gf4px8o.png Table 2. Ways to Mitigate the Effect of DNA Evidence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-typical-dna-sequence-h0ean3cp.png Figure 2. Left: Finger “prints” on the surface of the skin. Right: DNA blood “sample” taken by pricking the skin https://scispace.com/papers/the-lick-agn-monitoring-project-2011-photometric-light-1pz4lha8j5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-light-curve-statistics-vj5em4ha.png Table 3 Light-curve Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-the-agn-sample-zmvokths.png Table 1 Details of the AGN Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-image-subtraction-photometry-3poqj1bv.png Table 4 Image-subtraction Photometry https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-standard-aperture-photometry-1jwsqlyt.png Table 5 Standard Aperture Photometry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-image-subtraction-light-curves-for-lamp-2011-the-1td3issf.png Figure 1. Image subtraction light curves for LAMP 2011. The different colors correspond to data from different telescopes, as indicated in the legend. LCO data consist of either FTN or FTS. Mrk 50 has additional monitoring before the beginning of the main LAMP 2011 campaign and Zw 229-015 has additional monitoring at the end of the main campaign. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-telescope-properties-14nh76x1.png Table 2 Telescope Properties https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-v-band-light-curve-variability-statistics-3ojbvqyk.png Table 6 V-band Light-curve Variability Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-same-as-figure-1-but-for-standard-aperture-3j6tbk7j.png Figure 2. Same as Figure 1, but for standard aperture photometry light curves. https://scispace.com/papers/the-lexical-boost-effect-is-not-diagnostic-of-lexically-3qh19lr2xj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-observed-proportions-of-po-do-and-other-target-1t14qmui.png Table 4. Observed proportions of PO, DO, and Other target responses (absolute cell counts in brackets) for each Lexical Overlap × Prime Structure combination in Experiment 2. None = No Overlap; A = Agent Overlap; AV = Agent+Verb Overlap; AVR = Agent+Verb+Recipient Overlap; AVRT = Agent+Verb+Recipient+Theme Overlap. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fixed-effect-parameter-estimates-in-log-odds-units-39h3niri.png Table 3. Fixed effect parameter estimates (in log odds units), Experiment 1. Occurrences of prime-structure repetition in the target trial were modelled by factor combinations of Lexical Overlap and Prime Structure. Parameters related to Lexical Overlap represent contrasts with the No Overlap (baseline) condition. OVL_A = Agent Overlap; OVL_V = Verb Overlap; OVL_R = Recipient Overlap; OVL_T = Theme Overlap; Prime = Prime Structure (more positive means more structural repetition after PO primes). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-fixed-effect-parameter-estimates-in-log-odds-units-fzewzvhi.png Table 6. Fixed effect parameter estimates (in log odds units), Experiment 2. Occurrences of prime-structure repetition in the target trial were modelled by factor combinations of Lexical Overlap and Prime Structure. Parameters related to Lexical Overlap represent incremental contrasts (backward difference coding). OVL_A = Agent Overlap; OVL_AV = Agent+Verb Overlap; OVL_AVR = Agent+Verb+Recipient Overlap; OVL_AVRT = Agent+Verb+Recipient+Theme Overlap (No Overlap served as baseline); Prime = Prime Structure (more positive means more structural repetition after PO primes). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-observed-proportions-of-po-do-and-other-target-1k2ut4qw.png Table 7. Observed proportions of PO, DO, and Other target responses (absolute cell counts in brackets) for each Lexical Overlap × Prime Structure combination in Experiment 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-probability-of-prime-structure-repetition-in-the-1uhcgmah.png Table 8. Probability of prime-structure repetition in the target trial for each Lexical Overlap × Prime Structure combination in Experiment 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observed-proportions-of-po-do-and-other-target-3ukrparc.png Table 1. Observed proportions of PO, DO, and Other target responses (absolute cell counts in brackets) for each Lexical Overlap × Prime Structure combination in Experiment 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-fixed-effect-parameter-estimates-in-log-odds-units-3wlel6we.png Table 9. Fixed effect parameter estimates (in log odds units), Experiment 3. Occurrences of prime-structure repetition in the target trial were modelled by factor combinations of Lexical Overlap and Prime Structure. Parameters related to Lexical Overlap represent incremental contrasts (backward difference coding). OVL_1 = 1- Word Overlap; OVL_2 = 2-Word Overlap; OVL_3 = 3-Word Overlap; OVL_4 = 4- Word Overlap (Note: 0-Word Overlap served as baseline); Prime = Prime Structure (more positive means more structural repetition after PO primes). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-probability-of-prime-structure-repetition-in-the-3nt3gzsj.png Table 2. Probability of prime-structure repetition in the target trial for each Lexical Overlap × Prime Structure combination in Experiment 1. https://scispace.com/papers/the-lick-agn-monitoring-project-2011-reverberation-mapping-1bu5qh8s4b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mrk-50-light-curves-for-the-v-band-the-us-band-33yfw2ie.png Figure 1. Mrk 50 light curves for the V band, the Us-band continuum measured from the spectra over 3550–3800 Å, and the Hβ, Hγ , and He ii emission lines. The V-band panel shows a difference imaging light curve illustrating changes in flux relative to the mean. Units for the V and Us bands are 10−15 erg cm−2 s−1 Å−1, and units for broad-line fluxes are 10−15 erg cm−2 s−1. The arrow in the Hβ light curve marks the start of the dedicated Lick observing campaign. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-velocity-resolved-reverberation-in-the-hb-line-the-2gwh72l9.png Figure 4. Velocity-resolved reverberation in the Hβ line. The upper panel shows the mean lag measured for each velocity segment of the broad Hβ line, with the horizontal error bar representing the width of the velocity segment. The overall lag for Hβ and its uncertainty range are shown by solid and dashed lines. The lower panels show the mean and rms continuum-subtracted spectra, and the error bar indicates the FWHM due to instrumental broadening. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cross-correlation-functions-for-hb-hg-and-he-ii-po5gmy1v.png Figure 3. Cross-correlation functions for Hβ, Hγ , and He ii against the AGN continuum flux, the autocorrelation function of the V-band continuum, and the cross-correlation of the continuum bands Us vs. V. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cross-correlation-lag-results-3fjo42ki.png Table 1 Cross-correlation Lag Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-and-rms-spectra-in-each-panel-the-upper-1napsmy4.png Figure 2. Mean and rms spectra. In each panel, the upper spectrum is constructed from the set of scaled spectra of Mrk 50, and the lower spectrum is constructed from the continuum-subtracted, scaled spectra. https://scispace.com/papers/the-lifespan-and-oxidative-stress-between-feral-and-managed-3rei1374kt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-xtuw01j7.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bee-colony-information-from-the-aging-and-oxidative-3rsxb8g9.png Table 1. Bee colony information from the aging and oxidative stress between feral and managed bees in Ohio. https://scispace.com/papers/the-lhcb-experiment-and-its-expected-physics-performance-3ar35882pg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-expected-experimental-performance-of-different-ku1kjdim.png Table 2 Expected experimental performance of different analyses to measure the angle γ of the unitarity triangle. The channel Bs → DsK (*) measures γ + φs, so the sensitivity to γ should be obtained from the quoted value (*) subtracting the error on φs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-expected-experimental-performance-on-different-bs-103bsngj.png Table 1 Expected experimental performance on different Bs decays channels that LHCb will use to measure the mixing phase φs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-layout-of-the-lhcb-detector-3ize7fz2.png Figure 1. Layout of the LHCb detector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-expected-90-cl-upper-limits-on-the-br-of-bs-m-m-a-2g837c5e.png Figure 2. Expected 90% CL upper limits on the BR of Bs → μ+μ− a function of the integrated luminosity. https://scispace.com/papers/the-light-perturbed-ru-catalyzed-belousov-zhabotinsky-1pjc3exekz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-influence-of-light-on-the-ru-ii-brma-subsystem-ru-zoh3twv1.png Figure 4. (a) Influence of light on the Ru(II)-BrMA subsystem ([Ru(II)] 0 ) 5 × 10-4 M, [BrMA] 0 ) 0.3 M). (b) Influence of light on the Ru(II)-MA subsystem, approximately 60 min after mixing. Same initial concentrations as in a. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-phase-response-curves-of-a-light-perturbed-ru-11cqph51.png Figure 3. (a) Phase response curves of a light-perturbed Ru-catalyzed methylmalonic acid BZ reaction with pulse lengths of 5, 10, and 15 s. (c) Linear relationship between slopes of phase response curves (prc) in a and the applied light pulse lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-phase-response-curves-a-5-s-light-3dhqw9sd.png Figure 2. Comparison of phase response curves: (a) 5 s light pulse applied immediately after mixing of initial reagents and start of oscillations; (b) Same light pulse as in a, but 120 min after mixing of initial reagents; (c) 1.2µM HBrO2 as perturbant in a Ce-catalyzed system;35 (d) 1 mM Br- ion as perturbant applied immediately after mixing of initial reagents. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-phase-response-curve-of-the-hbro2-perturbed-ru-3s0gz33w.png Figure 8. Phase response curve of the HBrO2-perturbed Ru-catalyzed MeMA BZ system. The composition of the oscillator is as described in Figure 1. The concentration of perturbing HBrO2 is estimated to be approximately 1× 10-4 M. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-calculated-phase-shifts-of-the-br-perturbed-1-mm-3o0a3abr.png Figure 7. (a) Calculated phase shifts of the Br--perturbed (1 mM) Oregonator model with Field-Försterling parametrization and varying kO5. (b) Experimental phase response curves performed in a series of Br--perturbed (1 mM) Ru-catalyzed MA BZ reactions with varying amounts of initial concentration of MA and BrMA. Open circles: 0.3 M MA; solid squares: 0.15 M MA and 0.15 M BrMA; open diamonds: 0.225 M BrMA and 0.125 M MA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-emission-intensity-at-598-nm-of-a-5x-10-5-m-ru-ii-hppf3gmf.png Figure 5. Emission intensity at 598 nm of a 5× 10-5 M Ru(II) solution in 1 M sulfuric acid and in the presence of 0.3 M MA. The excitation wavelength is 452 nm. Solid line represents the obtained relaxation kinetics from a Guggenheim plot. Inset: Guggenheim plot analysis for intervals taken every 1000 s. The estimated half-life for the first-order fluorescence decay is approximately 30 min. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-eillum-eq-15-as-a-function-of-the-tafts-constant-1tsiii78.png Figure 6. Eillum (eq 15) as a function of the Taftσ* constant for different illuminated Ru(II)-RMA subsystems. Initial concentrations as those in Figure 4b. https://scispace.com/papers/the-limit-load-calculations-for-pipelines-with-axial-complex-4vyx4gfrxh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-strength-reduction-factor-a-versus-dimensionless-fmp3a89k.png Fig. 3. Strength reduction factor a versus dimensionless distance between the defects k/L: solid line - numerical procedure, dashed line - DNV-RP-F101 [1]. https://scispace.com/papers/the-linear-constrained-control-problem-for-discrete-time-522yieihg0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-forbidden-region-p-g-w-the-positively-invariant-3988bm4u.png Fig. 3 The forbidden region P(G,w), the positively invariant region C (gT1 ) and the admissible domains of attraction D1 and D2 of the closed-loop systems with controls u(1) and u(2) respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-half-space-c-gt1-the-unbounded-polyhedral-set-p-g2-q89zw58f.png Fig. 2 The half-space C(gT1 ), the unbounded polyhedral set P(G2,w2) and the semi-ellipsoidal admissible set C(gT1 )∩Q(P,d)⊂C(gT1 )∩P(G2,w2) of the Example 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-composition-of-set-p-g-wx-as-p-g-5cwcktrg.png Fig. 1 Illustration of the composition of set P(G,wx) as P(G,wx) = C (G1)∩P(G2,w2) https://scispace.com/papers/the-literary-house-of-mr-octavius-quartio-21qv5lk279 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-west-end-of-the-terrace-in-the-house-of-octavius-3247e0w5.png Figure 4: West end of the terrace in the House of octavius Quartio with frescoes of diana (left) and actaeon (right). Photo by the author. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-double-frieze-depicting-scenes-from-the-life-of-1jvm1r8b.png Figure 2: double Frieze depicting scenes from the life of Hercules (upper) and the Iliad (lower). House of octavius Quartio (ii.2.2). Photo credit: alinari archives, Florence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plan-of-the-house-of-octavius-quartio-ii-2-2-a-ti4piv7p.png Figure 1: Plan of the House of octavius Quartio (ii.2.2). a) entrance; b) triclinium (double Frieze of scenes from the Iliad and the life of Hercules); c) Garden Biclinium (narcissus; Pyramus and thisbe); d) “isis room” (diana; actaeon). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-biclinium-in-the-house-of-octavius-quartio-with-145p2muf.png Figure 3: Biclinium in the House of octavius Quartio with frescoes of narcissus (left) and Pyramus and thisbe (right). Photo by the author. https://scispace.com/papers/the-local-atomic-structures-of-liquid-co-at-3-6-gpa-and-43vhcc4gz8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lattice-parameters-and-densities-of-the-dft-p77n6dlm.png Table 2: Lattice parameters and densities of the DFT-optimized p-CO structures which were used as structural models for the PDF simulations (the space group for all structures is P1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-number-of-co-molecules-not-connected-to-the-p-co-2etdw7l2.png Figure 4: Number of CO molecules not connected to the p-CO network for the 432 atom model (dotted line: increasing pressure, solid line: decreasing pressure). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-typical-fragments-of-p-co-c-grey-o-red-atoms-with-1eb5zaoq.png Figure 3: Typical fragments of p-CO (C: grey, O: red). Atoms with one or two unsaturated bonds are connected to other atoms in the network, atoms represented by a ball (excluding atoms within rings or chains) are terminal atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-the-pdf-refinements-of-p-co-fit-range-0-5-336p8bop.png Table 4: Results of the PDF refinements of p-CO (fit range: 0.5 to 8 Å). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-experimental-pdfs-of-liquid-co-at-3-6gpa-bottom-2tzkn4ku.png Figure 11: Experimental PDFs of liquid CO at 3.6GPa (bottom, blue) and recovered p-CO at ambient conditions (top, green). The PDFs are shown with an offset in the ordinate. The first-neighbor peak moves from 1.13 Å in liquid CO to around 1.4 Å in p-CO and a new peak appears at around 2.4 Å indicating the formation of the extended molecular solid p-CO. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-high-pressure-behavior-of-the-25-vol-co-he-mixture-2bxq8ec7.png Figure 5: High pressure behavior of the 25 vol% CO-He mixture. a) The homogeneous mixture below 3.6(2)GPa. b) At 3.6(2)GPa CO and He separated with He forming a large bubble. c) Liquid CO polymerized at 5.3(5)GPa and laser irradiation yielding a red solid (p-CO). d) Laser heating of the red p-CO at 6 to 8GPa resulted in CO2 formation (white crystals marked by the arrow). e) Recovered sample which was laser heated at 20(2)GPa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-pressure-dependence-of-the-position-of-the-first-2cwi1dnk.png Figure 10: Pressure dependence of the position of the first reflection in the diffraction pattern of p-CO and liquid CO. Closed symbols denote data points obtained on compression and open symbols on decompression. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-background-subtracted-diffraction-patterns-of-37e9e8me.png Figure 9: Background subtracted diffraction patterns of liquid CO at 3.6GPa (bottom, blue), of p-CO at different pressures (middle, red, brown, purple) and recovered p-CO at ambient conditions (top, green). The patterns are shown with an offset in the ordinate. https://scispace.com/papers/the-linguistic-and-lyrical-development-of-2pac-in-relation-vcw4t5ini1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-2-mean-and-range-for-2pacs-ae-vowel-duration-in-ms-136amf4p.png Fig. 2.2 Mean and range for 2Pac’s /æ/ vowel duration in ms (voiceless postvocalic context; Gilbers, 2015) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1-predicted-developmental-trajectory-schematically-2bxm85nf.png Fig. 2.1 Predicted developmental trajectory (schematically represented) of 2Pac’s vowel duration (mean and range). The horizontal, dark gray dashed line indicates a hypothetical West Coast AAE baseline; the horizontal, light gray dashed line indicates a hypothetical East Coast AAE baseline (Gilbers, 2015) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-3-mean-and-range-for-2pacs-ae-vowel-duration-in-ms-1177m24e.png Fig. 2.3 Mean and range for 2Pac’s /æ/ vowel duration in ms (sonorant postvocalic context; Gilbers, 2015) https://scispace.com/papers/the-links-among-characteristics-controls-and-performance-of-2b2q3errgb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pls-results-2lhzo7b0.png Fig. 2. PLS results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-factor-loadings-and-reliability-test-results-for-2sig91q4.png Table 3. Factor loadings and reliability test results for reflective constructs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-profile-of-respondents-1r4saqlx.png Table 1. Profile of respondents. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-information-relating-to-the-sample-of-inter-firm-d0xjcyly.png Table 2. Information relating to the Sample of Inter-firm Innovation Projects. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-discriminant-validity-test-cross-factor-loadings-9t7vce8r.png Table 4. Discriminant validity test – cross factor loadings. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-discriminant-validity-construct-correlations-and-20wu72li.png Table 5. Discriminant validity: construct correlations and square root of average variance extracted (AVE). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-standardized-direct-indirect-and-total-effects-h4-1nyn6cgn.png Table 6 Standardized Direct, Indirect and Total Effects (H4) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conceptual-model-38hvoook.png Fig. 1. Conceptual model. https://scispace.com/papers/the-local-universe-as-seen-in-the-far-infrared-and-far-y5tlwkbora 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fir-selected-sample-1z7g2hze.png TABLE 1 FIR-Selected Sample https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bolometric-lfs-calculated-for-the-two-considered-e6h7ob3q.png Fig. 4.—Bolometric LFs calculated for the two considered scenarios (scenario 1, solid line; scenario 2, dashed line). The quantity Lbol is defined as Lbol ¼ LFUV þ (1 )LTIR, and the 1 error bars are overplotted. Left : FIR-selected sample. The monochromatic (60 m) LF from Takeuchi et al. (2005b) is represented as a dotted line.Middle: FUV-selected sample. The monochromatic (FUV) LF (Wyder et al. 2005) is represented as a dotted line. Right : Comparison of the bolometric LF for the FUV-selected and FIR-selected samples. Crosses and the lower line are used for the FUV selection, and plus signs and the upper line for the FIR selection. Only scenario 1 is considered. [See the electronic edition of the Supplement for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-energy-distribution-log-lbol-lbol-1-2-as-a-function-of-2scdttse.png Fig. 5.—Energy distribution ( log Lbol (Lbol)½ ) as a function of log (Lbol) for the FUV- and FIR-selected samples. Same symbols as in Fig. 4. The 1 error bars are also overplotted. [See the electronic edition of the Supplement for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ltir-lfuv-ratio-vs-ltir-lfuv-and-lbol-for-the-fir-2b4ns9sd.png Fig. 6.—LTIR /LFUV ratio vs. LTIR , LFUV, and Lbol for the FIR-selected sample (circles) and FUV-selected sample (crosses). [See the electronic edition of the Supplement for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-ssfr-for-the-fir-selected-sample-the-open-circles-1sv80kpu.png Fig. 9.—SSFR for the FIR-selected sample. The open circles represent the galaxies with LTIR > 10 11 L . The thin solid line shows the average SSFR, and 1 errors are overplotted. The horizontal line represents a constant SFR over the lifetime of the galaxy. The thick diagonal line corresponds to the present SFR equal to 1 M yr 1. The average SSFR found by Brinchmann et al. (2004) is plotted as a dashed line. The dashed box is the locus of galaxies selected by Bell et al. (2005) at z ¼ 0:7. [See the electronic edition of the Supplement for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fuv-magnitude-from-this-paper-x-axis-against-the-fuv-3m3x8rrs.png Fig. 1.—FUV magnitude from this paper (x-axis) against the FUV magnitude from the pipeline (MAST archive) for the FIR-selected galaxies brighter than FUV ¼ 18 mag. The dashed lines represent the limits applied for the FUV selection (see text for details). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-mean-ltir-lfuv-ratio-vs-lbol-calculated-for-the-fuv-3s41zue0.png Fig. 7.—Mean LTIR /LFUV ratio vs. Lbol calculated for the FUV-selected sample (lower solid line and crosses) and the FIR-selected sample (upper solid line and plus symbols). The errors (1 ) are overplotted as vertical bars. The dotted line is from Martin et al. (2005), the upper dot-dashed line is from Xu et al. (2006), the black dashed line is fromBell (2003), the lower dot-dashed line is from Reddy et al. (2006) (optically selected galaxies at z 2 also observed at 24 m), and the plus symbols at the right of the figure correspond to mean values per bin of luminosity for luminous blue galaxies at z 1 from Burgarella et al. (2006). [See the electronic edition of the Supplement for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fuv-selected-sample-uolcwdv7.png TABLE 2 FUV-Selected Sample https://scispace.com/papers/the-location-routing-problem-with-multi-compartment-and-3qp970bbzj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-flowchart-of-the-hga-3ga7gjao.png Fig. 5. Flowchart of the HGA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-test-results-for-crossover-rates-d56zhn2d.png Fig. 9. Test results for crossover rates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-test-results-for-mutation-rates-1f42pkxg.png Fig. 10. Test results for mutation rates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-an-infeasible-solution-due-to-subtour-2gdt57dh.png Fig. 1. An example of an infeasible solution due to subtour https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-different-customer-assignments-and-route-8o60k8b6.png Fig. 2. Comparison of different customer assignments and route constructions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-of-costs-under-different-values-of-a-3czpnktl.png Fig. 11. Comparison of costs under different values of α https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-procedure-for-crossover-gz0ux5ug.png Fig. 7. Procedure for crossover https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-procedure-for-mutation-1d2r41u2.png Fig. 8. Procedure for mutation https://scispace.com/papers/the-local-versus-the-global-in-the-history-of-relativity-the-2qtk7ui1t7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-belgian-newspaper-articles-mentioning-einstein-1910-f6retao6.png Figure 2. Belgian newspaper articles mentioning “Einstein” (1910-1925). Examined titles include: Le Courrier de l’Escaut, La Dernière Heure, Gazet van Antwerpen, Gazette de Charleroi, De Gentenaar, Het Handelsblad, L’Independance Belge, Journal de Bruxelles, Journal de Charleroi, Het Laatste Nieuws, La Libre Belgique, La Meuse, La Nation Belge, Le Peuple, Deii Schelde, Le Soir, De Standaard, Vers L’Avenir, Le Vingtième Siècle, Het Volk, De Volksgazet, Vooruit, and La Wallonie. These titles are available via the digital infrastructure of the Royal Library in Brussels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-group-portrait-in-belgium-in-1932-made-by-belgian-1n955nye.png Figure 3. Group portrait in Belgium in 1932, made by Belgian King Albert I, including, among other prominent physicists and the Belgian Queen Elisabeth, Théophile De Donder (first from right) and Albert Einstein (sixth from the right). Source: Wikimedia Commons, ETH library. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-belgian-academic-output-on-relativity-physics-1914-2fox4prm.png Figure 1. Belgian academic output on relativity physics 1914-1925 (nothing was published before 1914). Consulted sources are Lecat (1924), and J.C. Poggendorff’s 5th and 6th volume of the Biographisch-Literarisches Handworterbuch der exakten Naturwissenschaften. Numbers include both publications on relativity by Belgians (in Belgium and abroad) and publications by Belgian editors (by Belgians and non-Belgians). https://scispace.com/papers/the-logic-of-distributed-protocols-preliminary-report-1f9k87s7cn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-model-m-is-illustrated-in-both-a-and-b-player-d2d01tmj.png Figure 3: The model M is illustrated in both (a) and (b). Player 1’s knowledge relation, 1, is illustrated in (a) and player 2’s relation, 2 is illustrated in (b). Equivalence classes are circled. The j-th symbol of the i-th configuration Ci is denoted by cij . https://scispace.com/papers/the-logic-of-comparative-cardinality-4z3ayhb631 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-non-representable-comparison-algebra-1jzddfcp.png Figure 2. A non-representable comparison algebra https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-flexible-measure-algebra-2m8hbk13.png Figure 3. A flexible measure algebra https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-grid-with-n-2-when-s-e-s-recall-that-squares-in-16sjwm1o.png Figure 5. The grid with n = 2 when ~s< E ~s>. Recall that squares in the same column are of the same size. It is not hard to see then that |~s[C0][0] ∪~s[C1][1]| = |~s[C2][2] ∪ ~s[C3][3]| by comparing them in each column. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-polarization-and-set-addition-1h9j53h5.png Figure 1. Polarization and set addition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-polarization-and-construction-when-n-2-squares-in-9t9ey7zx.png Figure 4. Polarization and construction when n = 2. Squares in the same row can be of different sizes. But squares in the same column must be of the same size. https://scispace.com/papers/the-long-and-short-of-housing-the-home-ownership-boom-and-1z07nt826y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-states-with-problems-3tastmpm.png Table 1: The States with Problems https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-highest-projected-subprime-foreclosure-rates-2006-9q391slx.png Table 5: Highest Projected Subprime Foreclosure Rates (2006 Loan Cohort) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-biggest-one-year-home-price-declines-282-markets-9onb8980.png Table 4: Biggest One-Year Home Price Declines (282 Markets) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-smallest-five-year-price-increases-282-markets-3ffigixo.png Table 3: Smallest Five-Year Price Increases (282 Markets) https://scispace.com/papers/the-logic-of-gamson-s-law-pre-election-coalitions-and-oqwneinq29 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-portfolio-shares-as-a-function-of-seat-contributions-2vrtqtqp.png Table 2: Portfolio shares as a function of seat contributions, voting weights and formateur status, with and without pre-election alliances, parliamentary democracies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numerically-estimated-results-for-three-party-1yj98bqx.png Table 1: Numerically estimated results for three-party example https://scispace.com/papers/the-long-run-effects-of-unemployment-monitoring-and-work-n270loe6mk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-self-reported-destination-states-of-sample-members-1hitjnyj.png Table 1 Self-Reported Destination States of Sample Members for the Final Quarter of 1989 (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bivariate-unemployment-reemployment-estimates-31qek5gl.png Table 2 Bivariate Unemployment-Reemployment Estimates (Standard Errors in Parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-unemployment-rates-in-treatment-and-control-groups-b-3pj1b3kk.png Fig. 1.—a, Unemployment rates in treatment and control groups. b, Difference in unemployment rates between the control and treatment groups. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-difference-in-unemployment-rates-between-all-control-12ndifh6.png Fig. 3.—Difference in unemployment rates between all control group members and treatment group members who received an interview. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-unemployment-hazards-for-the-control-and-treatment-1i7k17hh.png Fig. 4.—Unemployment hazards for the control and treatment groups https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-difference-in-unemployment-rates-for-males-in-the-2q42l521.png Fig. 2.—a, Difference in unemployment rates for males in the control and treatment groups. b, Difference in unemployment rates for females in the control and treatment groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cost-benefit-analysis-of-the-restart-program-ps-3osfkxq7.png Table 3 Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Restart Program (£; Standard Errors in Parentheses) https://scispace.com/papers/the-logical-way-to-be-artificially-intelligent-3vn9paxk0d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-agent-cycle-3lbuziua.png Fig. 1 The agent cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-2qav7m0v.png Fig. 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1ftt2y4n.png Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-world-1mvwx3ho.png Fig. 6. The world https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-world-29jjkcdk.png Fig. 5. The world https://scispace.com/papers/the-long-term-price-earnings-ratio-45x6w7qmzs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-one-year-returns-after-assigning-companies-1au5leia.png Table 4: Average one-year returns after assigning companies to decile portfolios using individual past years of earnings EP1 through to EPM8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-t-test-p-values-comparing-epn-returns-to-ep1-returns-dnfcvdz2.png Table 3: t-test p-values comparing EPn returns to EP1 returns, for n = 2, …, 8, and for 1-year to 8-year holding periods. Panel A: Are the value decile returns different for EPn versus EP1? https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-one-year-average-returns-for-decile-portfolios-1975-311dfmu3.png Table 1: One-year average returns for decile portfolios, 1975-2003. Panel A: Using all available data https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-returns-for-each-decile-for-holding-periods-1jl61s5c.png Table 2: Average returns for each decile for holding periods of 1 to 8 years https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-portfolio-values-and-percentage-returns-for-glamour-y0opb7ed.png Table 13: Portfolio values and percentage returns for glamour and value deciles using EP1 and (EP1+EPM8) to assign companies to deciles, 1975-2003 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-returns-for-extreme-deciles-of-portfolios-sorted-by-hrva2dgo.png Table 11: Returns for extreme deciles of portfolios sorted by EP1, EP8, book value-toprice and market capitalisation, over holding periods of 1 to 8 years https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-median-number-of-days-of-turnover-represented-by-591rr7ax.png Table 12: Median number of days of turnover represented by each trade, for a private https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-compound-annual-returns-average-market-value-9pepe15z.png Table 10: Compound annual returns, average market value category (1-20) and average market betas for ‘EP1+EPM8’ with and without the effect of the bid-ask spread on returns. https://scispace.com/papers/the-loss-of-public-sphere-outdoor-advertising-and-44lioyiz7p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-official-board-among-commercial-and-political-7fmi0dbk.png Figure 4: Official board among commercial and political advertisements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-announcement-and-advertising-board-at-government-7p9vxumk.png Figure 3: Announcement and advertising board at government office. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-outdoor-advertisings-on-kaliurang-road-show-8sse6jjj.png Figure 1: Outdoor advertisings on Kaliurang road show overlapping and leaving visual trash. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-outdoor-advertisings-on-affandi-street-take-2hgjeu9l.png Figure 2: Outdoor advertisings on Affandi street take pedestrian rights. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-online-petition-carried-out-by-komunitas-reresik-3h07a5e3.png Figure 5: Online petition carried out by Komunitas Reresik Sampah Visual (Visual Waste Cleaning Community) through Change.org at the beginning of 2019. https://scispace.com/papers/the-low-redshift-circumgalactic-medium-in-simba-4rpld6cmi7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-specific-star-formation-rate-ssfr-versus-stellar-2izwu6p9.png Figure 4. Specific star formation rate (sSFR) versus stellar mass (M?) for the Simba galaxies in our COS-Dwarfs and COS-Halos samples. Points are colour-coded by their r200-scaled impact parameter. Dark grey circles and light grey triangles represent galaxies in COS-Halos and COS-Dwarfs, respectively. Where sSFR is a lower-limit for these galaxies, this is indicated by a downward arrow. Where simulated galaxies have little or no star formation we set their sSFR to 10−11.5yr−1 for plotting purposes, also indicated by downward arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-panels-median-mass-budget-of-different-halo-3l0udg41.png Figure 1. Top panels: Median mass budget of different halo components at z = 0 (colour coded as in the legend inside the top-left panel), as a function of the stellar mass of the respective central galaxy. For every halo component, the error bars span the 25th-75th percentile intervals of the mass distribution within each stellar mass bin. The left panel includes all galaxies, whereas the central and right panels are restricted to star forming and quenched galaxies, respectively. Bottom panels: Median mass fraction in each halo component (colour coded as in the upper panels), relative to the expected mass of cosmological baryons in each halo, as a function of central galaxy stellar mass. The three panels refer to all, star forming and quenched galaxies, as above. The baryon fraction is below unity at all masses, particularly for low mass quenched galaxies; quenched galaxy halos contain mostly hot gas while star forming galaxy halos are more diverse in gas phase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-median-metallicity-of-each-halo-component-as-a-2xx3gcqq.png Figure 3. Median metallicity of each halo component as a function of central galaxy stellar mass, separated into all (left), star forming(middle) and quenched (right) galaxies. The meaning of the error bars and the colour coding is the same as in Figure 1. For quenched systems the CGM metallicity is roughly constant with M?, while for star forming systems it increases with M?. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-equivalent-width-of-h-i-and-selected-metal-lines-3hw03nos.png Figure 5. Equivalent width of H i and selected metal lines against (as indicated in each panel) r200-scaled impact parameter for the COSHalos and COS-Dwarfs galaxy samples, using the FG20 (solid), HM12x2 (dashed) and HM01 (dotted) ionising backgrounds. Light blue and light pink lines represent star forming and quenched galaxies in the Simba sample, respectively; shaded regions show indicative cosmic variance uncertainties around the FG20 results. Dark blue and magenta points represent star forming and quenched galaxies in the COS samples (circles for COS-Halos, triangles for COS-Dwarfs), respectively; vertical error bars represent the 25th and 75th percentiles of the equivalent width distribution in the data, while horizontal error bars indicate the width of the bins. Black horizontal dotted lines indicate the detection threshold of each line under the COS survey conditions. CGM absorption is higher around star forming galaxies than quenched galaxies. Simba is in reasonable agreement with observations; H i absorption around star forming galaxies is well-reproduced, although metal line absorption is sensitive to the assumed ionising background. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-median-mass-fraction-in-each-halo-component-2oojnheo.png Figure 8. Median mass fraction in each halo component relative to MΩb as a function of total halo mass for the AGN feedback variant simulations (from left to write: full Simba model, no X-ray AGN feedback, no jet-mode or X-ray AGN feedback, and no AGN or SN feedback). The colour coding of each component is the same as in Figure 1. We omit the model with SN feedback and no AGN feedback from this plot since there is little difference between this and the no-jet model. Stellar feedback reduces baryon fraction at the low M? end, while jet-mode AGN feedback heats CGM and ISM gas and strongly suppresses baryon fraction at the high Mhalo end. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-difference-in-log-metallicity-between-the-fiducial-29rvjjkv.png Figure 9. Difference in log metallicity between the fiducial Simba run and the variant without X-ray heating (yellow dashed line), without X-ray heating or AGN jets (red solid line), with stellar feedback only (magenta dotted line), and with no feedback prescription at all (dark blue dot-dashed line). Each panel refers to a different gas phase, as reported inside the plots. The error bars indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles of the data; for simplicity we show one representative error bar per line. Very low ∆logZ in the warm gas component are plotted at -2. Points are slightly offset horizontally for easier viewing. Stellar feedback increases the metallicity of the warm and hot CGM components, while there is little impact on the cool CGM and ISM gas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-total-path-absorption-of-h-i-and-selected-metal-s6ku08l9.png Figure 7. Total path absorption of H i and selected metal lines (as indicated in each panel) against r200-scaled impact parameter for the COS-Halos and COS-Dwarfs galaxy samples, using the FG20 (solid), HM12x2 (dashed) and HM01 (dotted) ionising backgrounds. Light blue and light pink lines represent star forming and quenched galaxies in the Simba sample; shaded regions show typical cosmic variance uncertainties. Dark blue and magenta points represent star forming and quenched galaxies in the COS samples (circles for COS-Halos, triangles for COS-Dwarfs); horizontal error bars indicate the width of the bins while vertical error bars are the standard deviations from computing path absorption individually for each galaxy. Simba closely reproduces total path absorption of H i around star forming galaxies; for metal lines in the COS-Halos sample, our results are sensitive to ionising background. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ion-properties-and-detection-thresholds-1df82fbi.png Table 2. Ion Properties and detection thresholds https://scispace.com/papers/the-lucifer-project-achievements-and-near-future-prospects-46whd7anim 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-detailed-schema-of-a-znse-crystal-and-a-cryogenic-2ssgf5mp.png Fig. 1 Detailed schema of a ZnSe crystal and a cryogenic light detector is shown on the left. The array of 30 enriched Zn82Se crystals for the LUCIFER experiment is shown on the right (Color figure online) https://scispace.com/papers/the-luminescence-of-biological-systems-proceedings-of-the-441ngi0r01 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-scheme-for-the-coniplexing-reaction-and-the-function-c0rijq6r.png Fig. 25. Scheme for the coniplexing reaction and the function of pyrophosphatase and pyrophosphate in firefly luminescence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-fluorescence-spectra-of-a-thick-and-a-tliin-3skhowt8.png Fig. 16. Fluorescence spectra of a thick and a tliin suspension of Nitzschia closterium, minutissima, as compared with that of clilorophyll a in the white part of a variegated ivy leaf. The diatom culture was kindly gi\ en us by Professor C. B. van Niel. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-2pjckmwl.png TABLE III https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-the-effect-of-delayed-addition-of-atp-on-the-3fe3odg9.png Fig. 22. The effect of delayed addition of ATP on the pyrophosphate response. In curve A, the reaction was started with ATP; 2 minutes later 0.5 ml of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-the-absorption-spectrum-of-the-thin-suspension-of-2lsprpc9.png Fig. 17. The absorption spectrum of the thin suspension of Nitzschia in dilute agar (small circles), as compared with the action spectrum for fluorescence excitation (heavy line). The lower straight line is the estimated contribution of scattering to the measured absorption; it was used as the baseline above which the action spectrum was plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-relation-between-concentration-of-urethan-abscissa-32qf315a.png Fig. 10. Relation between concentration of urethan (abscissa) and amount of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-luminescent-response-to-the-successive-addition-s8ckfox4.png Fig. 13. The luminescent response to the successive addition of luciferase (McElroy et al, 1953). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-the-relationship-between-pyrophosphate-concentration-1dxabhu6.png Fig. 21. The relationship between pyrophosphate concentration and light emission (McEIroy et ah, 1953). The black circles represent initial light intensity while the white circles represent the time required to reach the secondary peak of luminescence as recorded in Fig. 20. https://scispace.com/papers/the-luminous-infrared-host-galaxy-of-short-duration-grb-5g7t6wqxb1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spectroscopy-of-g1-the-putative-host-galaxy-the-l2tfkqpr.png Figure 5. Spectroscopy of G1, the putative host galaxy. The combined LRIS blue+red spectrum is shown in the main panel, with the positions of detected emission lines indicated. In addition, the red curve shows the best stellar-continuum model from a fit to our broadband (and synthetic narrowband) photometry. The small deviation between this model and the observations at >9500 Å is probably due to uncertainties in the spectrophotometry in the long-wavelength region. At top, the insets show regions around specific lines, including [O ii], the Balmer absorption lines, Hβ+[O iii], and Hα+[N ii]+[S ii]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-spectrum-of-g2-the-faint-galaxy-at-the-south-end-of-36m9ebl9.png Figure 6. Spectrum of G2, the faint galaxy at the south end of the XRT error circle. Secure detection of the [O ii] and [O iii] lines show this to be a star-forming galaxy at z = 0.803. The vertical gray lines indicate the centers of strong sky emission lines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-model-fits-to-photometry-and-spectroscopy-7t3x1ue7.png Table 5 Results of Model Fits to Photometry and Spectroscopy of G1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-photometry-of-the-putative-host-galaxy-g1-of-grb-i50eupo9.png Figure 9. Photometry of the putative host galaxy G1 of GRB 100206A, fit with stellar population models using our own implementation of the Bruzual & Charlot (2003) templates (including nebular lines, dust extinction, and mid/far-IR dust emission) for different assumptions of the star formation history. The broadband photometry is supplemented by synthetic narrowband photometry of major emission and absorption-line regions (and interline regions near the Balmer break). Three different star formation history models are shown, all of which produce similar results (see also Table 5). The green curve shows a strictly continuous star formation history from the formation of the galaxy until the present time. The blue curve is also constant, except for an instantaneous change in the recent past. The red curve assumes an impulsive star formation episode at some point in the past with exponential decay time τ = 200 Myr. All three models use an age-dependent dust screen. Broadband photometry is indicated with large yellow points; synthetic narrowband photometry is indicated with smaller points. Empty colored squares show the synthetic fluxes for each filter. The gray lines show contours of constant AB magnitude. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bat-light-curve-of-grb-100206a-taken-from-the-sum-2nqofzo4.png Figure 1. BAT light curve of GRB 100206A, taken from the sum of all four channels of data (15–350 keV) using the methods of Butler et al. (2007). The main plot shows the light curve binned at 2 s (dark gray) and 0.2 s (light gray); the inset shows the light curve binned at 0.02 s. Times are referenced to t = 949498223.86 s (GPS). The burst is clearly short, with all detectable gamma-ray emission contained within a 0.25 s interval. There is no evidence of extended emission during the minutes after the trigger. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-x-ray-and-uv-optical-nir-observations-of-grb-1jzd5yta.png Figure 7. X-ray and UV/optical/NIR observations of GRB 100206A. The X-ray light curve is plotted as flux density (fν ) at 1 keV. To meaningfully place the UV/optical/NIR observations (all of which are upper limits) on the same plot, we calculate the flux corrected for Galactic extinction and extrapolate it into the X-ray band assuming β = 0.5 (fν = ν−β ). Given the extremely faint X-ray afterglow, none of the optical limits is constraining. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-spatially-resolved-fluxes-of-detected-emission-lines-2zsfap13.png Table 4 Spatially Resolved Fluxes of Detected Emission Lines in G1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-unresolved-images-of-the-putative-host-galaxy-g1-of-5b6ovq6r.png Figure 2. Unresolved images of the putative host galaxy (G1) of GRB 100206A in the optical and near-infrared (NIR) from the 1.2 m Palomar Oschin Telescope (from the Palomar/DeepSky project), the 1.3 m PAIRITEL, and the WISE all-sky mission. Although these telescopes are relatively insensitive to typical galaxies at cosmological distances, a bright source centered just outside the XRT error circle is well detected in every filter except W4 (22μm). https://scispace.com/papers/the-macroeconomic-effects-of-trade-tariffs-revisiting-the-1ntywt2g5t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impact-of-capital-and-keynesian-households-under-2b8grcu6.png Figure 4: Impact of Capital and Keynesian Households Under Complete Markets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-deviations-from-lerner-symmetry-for-import-tariffs-2so97h8l.png Figure 2: Deviations from Lerner Symmetry for Import Tariffs and Export Subsidies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effects-of-permanent-import-tariffs-and-export-1m5aqx1f.png Figure 5: Effects of Permanent Import Tariffs and Export Subsidies Under Asymmetric Pricing Behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effects-of-a-trade-war-import-tariffs-in-both-3khaad05.png Figure 6: Effects of a Trade War: Import Tariffs in Both Economies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effects-of-a-permanent-import-tariff-and-export-1c6ompoh.png Figure 3: Effects of a Permanent Import Tariff and Export Subsidy under Complete Asset Markets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-1-effects-of-import-tariffs-and-export-subsidies-on-3881tx6s.png Figure B.1: Effects of Import Tariffs and Export Subsidies on Flex−price Equilibrium. 1. Domestic Potential Output https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effects-of-permanent-import-tariffs-and-export-21zpe7de.png Figure 1: Effects of Permanent Import Tariffs and Export Subsidies. https://scispace.com/papers/the-macroeconomic-consequences-of-disasters-3l0k8fzypc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-determinants-of-disaster-costs-real-variables-1mdvh6g1.png Table 5 – The Determinants of Disaster Costs – Real variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-determinants-of-disaster-costs-financial-1knjpqx6.png Table 6 – The Determinants of Disaster Costs – Financial variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-disaster-variables-197g26hq.png Table 1 – Descriptive Statistics for Disaster Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-medians-for-disaster-variables-by-region-obs-14te45nm.png Table 2 – Means/Medians for Disaster Variables by Region (obs.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-disaster-cost-regressions-benchmarks-j1wis6a6.png Table 3 – Disaster Cost Regressions - Benchmarks https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-disaster-cost-benchmarks-by-size-and-income-level-112zrn0j.png Table 4 – Disaster Cost – Benchmarks by Size and Income Level https://scispace.com/papers/the-lyot-project-direct-imaging-survey-of-substellar-19ic7tn8px 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-processed-data-for-the-unpolarized-23dd7rko.png Figure 3. Example of processed data for the unpolarized intensity (to be compared to Figure 2). Note that the Lyot project images are limited by a circular FOV, which is due to a circular field mask with a 2′′ projected outer radius. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-coronagraphic-polarimetric-raw-data-with-3jrtudra.png Figure 2. Example of coronagraphic-polarimetric raw data with the Lyot project instrument. The two fields correspond to two orthogonal polarizations as separated by the Wollaston prism. A complete observation consists of a series of three such frames, with different polarizations. This shows one quadrant of the engineering-grade Hawaii-2 chip used in Kermit, demonstrating that while the chip had extensive regions of bad pixels, we were able to place our FOV in a clean region of the chip. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-stars-for-each-spectral-type-in-the-lyot-ahkt6zoc.png Figure 1. Number of stars for each spectral type in the Lyot project survey initial sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-differential-rotation-between-a-point-1t53gkpx.png Figure 4. Example of differential rotation between a point source (around HIP98767) at rest in the FOV and the diffraction pattern of the spiders in the telescope. This also illustrates how speckle noise can easily hide a point source. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-illustration-of-adi-processing-with-only-one-1qpfaazb.png Figure 5. Illustration of ADI processing with only one rotation: a reference median image of the PSF is obtained from the sequence of short exposure images (the field point source is rejected by the median). Then, this image is subtracted to each image of the sequence and the residuals are added to average the uncorrelated noise. Here, the images are shown with different stretch to illustrate the principle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-composite-dynamic-range-sensitivity-limit-obtained-157kbcfx.png Figure 8. Composite dynamic range (sensitivity limit) obtained with a 3.5σ S/N in Δmagnitude in the H band (brown thick line) around HIP91262. Three dynamic range profiles are calculated before and after two successive ADI subtractions corresponding to the two rotation angles at the Coudé focus. The three dynamic range curves are combined according to their validity zones to produce the composite detection curve. The detectable masses have been computed with the mass–luminosity relation (see Section 4.2.2) given by Baraffe et al. (2003a) for a Solar type star of 1.3 Gyr at 11 pc. Here, the ADI allows the detection of a 30 MJ companion at 1.′′4 which would not have been detected in the unprocessed image. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-target-list-with-physical-properties-of-the-star-pu4nscza.png Table 1 Target List with Physical Properties of the Star, Observation Epoch, and Observational Data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-same-as-figure-10-with-a-95-cl-a-color-version-of-el3r6sbc.png Figure 11. Same as Figure 10 with a 95% CL. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/papers/the-macroeconomic-effects-of-the-wage-gap-between-regular-2qxn37ynfl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-capacity-utilization-and-profit-share-in-japan-1980-3h3aikfs.png Figure 1: Capacity utilization and profit share in Japan (1980–2007). Sources: Indices of Industrial Production (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry) for the capacity utilization rate and Financial Statements Statistics of Corporations by Industry (Ministry of Finance) for the profit share https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-occurrence-of-the-limit-cycle-3oai5tve.png Figure 2: The occurrence of the limit cycle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-phase-diagram-in-the-case-where-the-unstable-steady-r6frpxrv.png Figure 8: Phase diagram in the case where the unstable steady state equilibrium exhibits the wage-led demand regime https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-phase-diagram-in-the-case-where-the-stable-steady-26wo71dh.png Figure 7: Phase diagram in the case where the stable steady state equilibrium exhibits the wage-led demand regime https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-introduction-of-the-minimum-wage-that-is-larger-3syyuear.png Figure 5: Introduction of the minimum wage that is larger than the equilibrium https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-iso-real-wage-curves-and-the-two-equilibria-1tzfnrpv.png Figure 6: Iso-real wage curves and the two equilibria https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparisons-of-the-two-cycles-1d1rahuj.png Figure 4: Comparisons of the two cycles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-introduction-of-the-minimum-wage-8qc2qqsf.png Figure 3: Introduction of the minimum wage https://scispace.com/papers/the-macroeconomic-effects-of-fiscal-policy-in-portugal-a-rkt4851rde 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-var-counterfactual-15o400qq.png Figure 6 – VAR counterfactual. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-elasticities-of-government-spending-and-revenue-yy7951yf.png Table 1 – Elasticities of Government Spending and Revenue. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effect-of-dt-1-d-in-a-var-11nayoug.png Table 2 – The effect of (dt-1-d*) in a VAR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-monetary-conditions-and-fiscal-balances-in-portugal-dsonoioe.png Figure 1 – Monetary conditions and fiscal balances in Portugal (2000-2008). https://scispace.com/papers/the-macroeconomics-of-tanstaafl-9tf5ykna30 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-intertemporal-free-lunch-1vli9b4q.png Figure 1: The intertemporal free lunch https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calibration-3nbzxwes.png Table 1: Calibration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-instantaneous-impact-of-an-increase-in-the-r-d-p1kgox9q.png Figure 2: The instantaneous impact of an increase in the R&D subsidy https://scispace.com/papers/the-magical-land-between-the-kingdoms-of-nano-and-meta-1r9u835jo3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-nanoscale-version-of-this-penrose-like-quasi-1ue5ug1v.png Figure 1. A nanoscale version of this Penrose-like quasi-crystal design found on the Darb-I-Imam shrine, Isfahan, Iran (1453 CE) (reproduced from [1], image courtesy of K Dudley and M Elliff) focuses light on the sub-wavelength scale [2] thus manifesting the optical ‘super-oscillation’ effects [3]. https://scispace.com/papers/the-magnetic-quadrupole-pick-ups-in-the-cern-ps-32aqgsht5h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-measurement-of-the-common-mode-coupling-component-302mpzqs.png FIGURE 4. Measurement of the common-mode coupling (component independent of position) using a wire movable along the x axis. Ideally, all signals should be zero. The common-mode rejection of the Σ signal is very good up to about 20 MHz, where the tail of the loop resonance begins. The other signal levels are affected by a small (less than 0.5 mm) offset between the electrical and geometrical centre (this is within the error of the absolute wire positioning accuracy). The rise of the Σ signal at low frequencies is an effect of the measurement instrument, that also influences the other measurements slightly. Figure reprinted from [10] with permission from Elsevier Science. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-beam-size-oscillations-at-injection-measured-with-5851dnx7.png FIGURE 8. Beam size oscillations at injection measured with the quadrupole pick-ups and a turn-byturn SEM grid. The SEM-grid beam size data were used to calculate the expected quadrupole moment at the pick-up locations. Beam position contributions and known pick-up offsets have been subtracted from the quadrupole moments. Figure from [11]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-injected-emittance-betatron-and-dispersion-tbcnot1r.png FIGURE 11. Injected emittance, betatron and dispersion mismatch vectors for three different settings of a transfer line quadrupole. Note the large dispersion mismatch. The vectors illustrate the variation in mismatch that is expected for a correction of -10A (calculated from beam optics theory). There is a good agreement between expected and measured behavior, indicating that the measurement works well. Figure from [11]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-typical-position-pick-up-electrostatic-the-beam-2fcx8liu.png FIGURE 1. A typical position pick-up (electrostatic). The beam passes perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optical-parameters-at-pick-up-locations-the-pick-ups-bxjjop5h.png TABLE 1. Optical parameters at pick-up locations. The pick-ups are installed in consecutive straight sections of the PS machine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-measurement-of-the-quadrupole-mode-coupling-using-a-1e6kjnrt.png FIGURE 5. Measurement of the quadrupole mode coupling using a wire movable along the x axis. This is the coupling that is used to measure the quadrupole moment κ . The Ξ response is flat well above 20 MHz (the dots are simulated values for Ξ). Figure reprinted from [10] with permission from Elsevier Science. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-beams-used-for-comparative-1s49iw9b.png TABLE 2. Parameters of beams used for comparative measurements. Emittances and momentum spread are 2σ values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-between-the-measured-value-from-the-two-2mchzhbp.png FIGURE 7. Comparison between the measured value from the two quadrupole pick-ups and the expected results calculated from the emittances measured with the wire-scanners. The solid line is the ideal case, and the dotted line includes pick-up offsets measured in the lab prior to installation. All possible ways of combining the wire-scanner measurements are displayed. Note that the cases where the two wire-scanner results are inconsistent are cases with large estimated systematic error. Figure from [11]. https://scispace.com/papers/the-maia-detector-array-and-x-ray-fluorescence-imaging-kyg9lrc7jo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-layout-of-the-maia-384-revision-a-detector-array-at-2bacchd5.png Figure 1 Layout of the Maia 384 revision A detector array at the XFM beamline showing the masked effective size of detectors. Shaded detectors show 51 “inner” (green), 199 “outer” (yellow) (see text) and 18 disabled channels (violet). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-large-area-mapping-using-maia-and-the-xfm-a2qmp2w9.png Figure 4 (a) Large area mapping using Maia and the XFM beamline of a polished thin section of Allende 8 carbonaceous chondrite meteorite revealing complex major and trace element structure39 (18.5 × 6.5 mm2, 9251 × 3251 pixels, 0.49 ms dwell, 4 hours acquisition at 18.5 keV; showing Cr, Fe, Ca as an RGB image); (b) enlargement of a selected chondrule (blue box in (a)); (c) enlargement of chondrule (orange box in (b)) showing Cu, Ir, Ni as an RGB image; (d) enlargement of chondrule (red box in (b)) showing Ni, Pt, Cr as an RGB image (note decoration of Pt-rich phases in green circle). Cu and Ir have been averaged over a 4-pixel neighborhood. All images have been rotated 90° post acquisition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-survey-scan-using-maia-fe-image-of-a-polished-w372qm85.png Figure 5 (a) Survey scan using Maia (Fe image) of a polished rock section from Muang Pha intrusion Laos (20 × 5 mm2, 10002 × 2502 pixels, 0.49 ms dwell, 3.4 hours acquisition at 18.5 keV) showing Fe map (rotated 90°) and identified Pt hotspots in circles; (b) enlargement of “Area 1” in RGB (Pt, Fe, Mn) showing detail scan for Pt #1 (orange box); (c) detail scan of Pt #1 (orange box in (b); 360 × 190 µm; 15.6 ms dwell) in RGB (Pt, Fe, Mn); (d) detail scan of Pt #2 (250 × 280 µm; 15.6 ms dwell in RGB (Pt, Fe, Mn), scale bar 100 µm) with Pt hot-spots indicated by arrows; (e) enlargement from (d; yellow box) displayed as a depth map in RGB with red proportional to “inner” signal, green proportional to “outer” and zero blue; and (f) sum spectrum from 51 “inner” detectors for Pt #1, integrated over two pixels, showing clear Pt L line groups. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-yield-counts-ppm-uc-of-pt-la-x-rays-from-a-small-pt-2rkmesk7.png Figure 2 Yield (counts/ppm/µC) of Pt Lα X-rays from a small Pt particle (modeled as a 1 µm buried Pt layer in olivine) versus radial position of individual Maia detectors for various depths (µm) to the particle. Note that many points represent multiple detectors at symmetry equivalent positions around array. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-yields-of-pt-la-x-rays-counts-ppm-uc-summed-over-38totx1e.png Figure 3 Yields of Pt Lα X-rays (counts/ppm/µC) summed over “inner” and “outer” rings of detectors (see Figure 1) scaled by 0.001, as a function of Pt particle depth (µm) in olivine, and the ratio of “outer” to ”inner” yields. https://scispace.com/papers/the-magnetic-field-effect-on-the-transport-and-efficiency-of-1av401fylz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-fitting-parameters-obtained-from-the-efficiency-bagkyvuf.png TABLE I. The fitting parameters obtained from the efficiency data as a function of applied field for all of the Alq3, Gaq3, and Inq3 devices under two drive conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-percentage-change-in-current-through-aj91ta39.png FIG. 2. Color online The percentage change in current through the 90 nm devices at a current density of 100 A /m2. Circles—Alq3, triangles—Gaq3, and squares—Inq3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-the-percentage-change-in-current-through-1dub4hx9.png FIG. 5. Color online The percentage change in current through 10 nm devices of a Gaq3 and b Inq3 as a function of applied field for various drive voltages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-change-in-device-efficiency-for-90-nm-1ewlx738.png FIG. 1. Color online The change in device efficiency for 90 nm devices at just after device turn-on. Circles—Alq3, triangles—Gaq3, and squares—Inq3. The inset shows the Inq3 data at low field along with the a B2 / B +B0 2 fit and the b A0B2 / B2+B0 2 +A1B2 / B2+B1 2 fit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-the-percentage-change-in-current-at-low-3mcx77ob.png FIG. 4. Color online The percentage change in current at low magnetic field through Gaq3 devices with thicknesses of a 200 Å and b 500 Å. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-percentage-change-in-current-through-30r00ogk.png FIG. 3. Color online The percentage change in current through the 90 nm Inq3 device at drive voltages from 4.0 to 5.0 V. The inset shows the data at low fields. https://scispace.com/papers/the-magnitude-of-the-macroeconomic-impact-of-oil-price-the-2vo3hdfc6u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-granger-causality-test-brazil-369rpihj.png Table 3: FEVD- China: S.Oil+ https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-fevd-india-oil-28am6r57.png Table 12: FEVD-India: ∆Oil https://scispace.com/figures/table-23-lag-order-cpi-263d8g0d.png Table 23: Lag Order - CPI: https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-granger-causality-india-23c8crle.png Table 11: Granger Causality- India https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-irfs-south-africa-ggpo083z.png Figure 5: IRFs- South Africa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-irfs-india-2hqly1m6.png Figure 3: IRFs – India https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-fevd-india-s-oil-1n93vu71.png Table 14: FEVD-India: S.Oil- https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fevd-china-oil-1n8o1owk.png Table 2: FEVD- China: ∆Oil https://scispace.com/papers/the-magnitude-of-trial-by-trial-neural-variability-is-3fqmckkrgi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-individual-neural-variability-magnitudes-were-njx9j95f.png Figure 3. Individual neural variability magnitudes were consistent across experimental sessions separated by one year. Scatter plots present the magnitudes of variability quenching (A), prestimulus variability (B), and poststimulus variability (C) in individual subjects during the first and second experimental sessions for each of the four experiments. The unity line is drawn for reference in each panel. Each point represents a single subject. Asterisks: significant correlation as assessed by a randomization test (p 0.003). Pearson’s correlation coefficients and p values are noted in each panel. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-individual-magnitudes-of-prestimulus-top-row-and-1plurfip.png Table 1. Individual magnitudes of prestimulus (top row) and poststimulus (bottom row) neural variability were strongly correlated across experiments https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relationship-between-measures-of-neural-variability-5557115a.png Table 2. Relationship between measures of neural variability and behavioral measures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-individual-variability-quenching-magnitudes-were-30anqxej.png Figure 4. Individual variability quenching magnitudes were consistent across experiments. Scatter plots demonstrate the relationship between variability quenching magnitudes in each pair of experiments. Each dot represents a single subject. The linear fit is drawn for reference in each panel. Asterisks: significant correlation as assessed by a randomization test (p 0.4x10 4). Pearson’s correlation coefficients and p values are noted in each panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scalp-maps-representing-the-correlation-between-f3u1ml1j.png Figure 5. Scalp maps representing the correlation between measures of neural variability (quenching, prestimulus, or poststimulus) and behavioral measures: accuracy (A) or RT (B). Color bar: magnitude of Pearson’s correlation coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-behavioral-performance-measures-mean-across-3o45y26d.png Figure 1. Behavioral performance measures. Mean across subjects and sessions for accuracy (A), RT (B), and RT variability (C) in each of the four tasks. Error bars: SEM across subjects. Asterisks: significant differences across experiments (post hoc Tukey’s tests, p 0.01). One asterisk: significant differences between CB experiment and choice reaction time (CRT) or GNG experiments. Two asterisks: significant differences between 2B experiment and all other experiments. CB, Checkerboard; GNG, go-no-go; 2B, 2-back. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-temporal-dynamics-of-the-cv-in-percentage-change-3idvc508.png Figure 6. Temporal dynamics of the CV in percentage change units relative to prestimulus period. Each panel presents results from a single experiment in the first (black) and second (gray) experimental sessions. Gray background: time window (150-400 ms) of sustained variability quenching that was selected for the previous analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temporal-and-spatial-dynamics-of-trial-by-trial-1z3a7v4s.png Figure 2. Temporal and spatial dynamics of trial-by-trial neural variability. Each time course represents the changes in relative trial-by-trial variability (percentage-change units relative to the prestimulus period, mean across the four selected electrodes) during the first (black) or second (gray) experimental session, which were separated by one year. Each panel displays the results of a different experiment. Gray background: 150- to 400-ms poststimulus period with sustained variability quenching that was selected for further analyses. Insets, Topographic maps of variability quenching magnitudes during the 150- to 400-ms window, demonstrating that quenching was strongest in occipital electrodes across all four experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/the-mainstreaming-of-disability-cricket-in-england-and-wales-52ahj6xwpu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-developments-in-the-mainstreaming-of-cricket-in-l8oq75kt.png Table 1 Key developments in the mainstreaming of cricket in England and Wales. https://scispace.com/papers/the-major-amino-acid-transporter-superfamily-has-a-similar-2ttlbgffe7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-membrane-topology-model-of-the-core-of-10-tmss-2htwuiaq.png Figure 1. Membrane topology model of the core of 10 TMSs shared by the Na -galactose transporter vSGLT of Vibrio heamatolyticus and the Na -leucine transporter LeuT of Aquifex aeolicus. The core consists of two domains (dashed boxes) of five TMSs each that have the same fold but opposite orientation in the membrane (inverted topology), a structural motif that is observed frequently in membrane proteins. vSGLT contains one additional TMS at the N-terminal side of the core (N) and 3 at the Cterminal side (C). LeuT contains two additional TMSs at the Cterminal side. Solid yellow boxes represent transmembrane segments. This Figure is reproduced in colour in Molecular Membrane Biology online. https://scispace.com/papers/the-malthusian-paradox-performance-in-an-alternate-reality-1mttkat42t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-member-of-the-public-identity-obscured-by-the-1q4da3h5.png Figure 5: A member of the public (identity obscured by the authors) is incorporated into the narrative by a player https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shredded-documents-left-opening-the-safe-right-1sli8mv5.png Figure 3: Shredded documents (left), opening the safe (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-amber-website-inciting-protests-left-tmp-website-126r5d8v.png Figure 2: AMBER website inciting protests (left), TMP website showing episodes to date (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tft-website-left-tft-operatives-kidnap-a-player-391hb28a.png Figure 4: TFT website (left), TFT operatives kidnap a player (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-flier-left-the-lecture-right-17tngjuy.png Figure 1: The flier (left), the lecture (right) https://scispace.com/papers/the-management-of-discipline-and-grievances-in-british-13qjkte6k1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ordered-logit-regressions-of-index-of-procedural-2gfvogzm.png Table 3 – Ordered logit regressions of index of procedural adherence in respect of disciplinary and grievance procedures https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-adherence-to-the-three-acas-principles-of-ujl1x1af.png Table 2 – Adherence to the three ACAS principles of disciplinary and grievance procedures in 2004 & 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mediation-provision-and-use-2a24xe00.png Table 4 – Mediation provision and use https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-presence-of-disciplinary-and-grievance-procedures-2l79tvcv.png Table 1 – Presence of disciplinary and grievance procedures, 2004 and 2011. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-incidence-of-individual-employment-disputes-27hbi4xw.png Table 5 – Incidence of Individual Employment Disputes https://scispace.com/papers/the-managers-moment-in-western-politics-the-popularization-1a09m9s7i2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-debates-n-in-which-the-terms-management-8h0j9x6v.png Table 2. Number of debates (N) in which the terms ‘management’ and ‘manager’ were used in a parliamentary year 1965–2005 and frequency of use (F). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-committees-chaired-by-a-business-leader-2naz7f92.png Table 1. Number of committees chaired by a business leader installed by the government. https://scispace.com/papers/the-malta-sicily-escarpment-mass-movement-dynamics-in-a-4le2s4k5g7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bathymetric-map-and-sub-seafloor-image-of-the-a-3ghol4fe.png Fig. 3. Bathymetric map and sub-seafloor image of the: (a) Largest scar in the Outer Malta Pla-132 teau; (b) Longest channel in the Outer Malta Plateau, the elongated morphology and escarpment 133 across its northern wall. Bathymetric map of (c) Small scar in Outer Malta Plateau; (d) Amphi-134 theatre-shaped depression in the upper MSE; (e) Shallow scars in the upper MSE. Depth legend 135 in Fig. 2. Abbreviations: C = channel; CSR = chaotic seismic reflections; D = circular depres-136 sions; DSR = draping seismic reflections; E = escarpment; G = gullies; M= mounded morphol-137 ogy; PAR = planar high amplitude reflector; PSR = parallel seismic reflections; R&T = ridges & 138 troughs; S = scar; UCR = upwardly-convex high amplitude reflectors. 139 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-interpretation-map-of-the-study-area-isobaths-at-25-m-3bmqv1pc.png Fig. 5. Interpretation map of the study area (isobaths at 25 m intervals). 234 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bathymetric-map-of-the-mse-central-mediterranean-sea-1tebjb33.png Fig. 1. Bathymetric map of the MSE, central Mediterranean Sea, showing the principal morpho-67 logical features of the region (IB = Ionian Basin; MG = Malta Graben; MP = Malta Plateau; 68 MSE = Malta-Sicily Escarpment; NM = North Malta Basin) (Source: IOC et al. (2003)). Faults 69 are mapped from published seismic reflection data; some of them have been reactivated in the 70 early Pliocene (Casero et al. 1984; Gardiner et al. 1995). 71 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-data-and-interpretation-of-sediment-cores-from-sites-2lfj5nes.png Fig. 4. (a) Data and interpretation of sediment cores from sites CU03, CU08, CU05 and CU07, 196 and (b) their location on a sub-seafloor transect. The coloured bar to the left of the core photo-197 graphs represents lithological interpretation. Location of cores and transect in Fig. 2a. 198 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-bathymetric-data-draped-on-a-shaded-relief-map-and-b-34fniz1g.png Fig. 2. (a) Bathymetric data draped on a shaded relief map and (b) backscatter map of the study 94 area (isobaths at 200 m intervals). Location in Fig. 1. 95 https://scispace.com/papers/the-management-of-invasive-alien-plants-in-south-africa-19phjnkkey 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-area-invaded-by-chromolaena-odorata-in-the-100-000-a3fzo683.png Figure 4. Area invaded by Chromolaena odorata in the 100 000 ha Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, and areas cleared and followed up between 2000 and 2013. Figure redrawn from te Beest et al. (2017). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-women-from-rural-communities-employed-to-clear-14cvto3j.png Figure 2. Women from rural communities employed to clear invasive alien plants as part of the Working for Water programme. https://scispace.com/papers/the-market-for-liars-reputation-and-auditor-honesty-22lfrdpyoc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2o7bczqm.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-many-obstacles-to-effective-giving-1kvx7f5zfm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-donations-32mgnp1z.png Table 3: Donations https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-emotionally-more-appealing-option-2vajltje.png Table 6: Emotionally more appealing option. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-beliefs-about-which-option-saves-more-lives-bjj4qsv2.png Table 4: Beliefs about which option saves more lives https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-beliefs-about-which-option-has-greater-overall-20qa63dc.png Table 5: Beliefs about which option has greater overall positive effects of any kind. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-breakdown-of-participant-groups-displaying-means-and-320ivd1h.png Table 9: Breakdown of participant groups, displaying means and standard deviations for perceived relative effectiveness and relative emotional appeal of the two charities. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-correlations-with-donation-choice-in-the-information-388hnbhr.png Table 7: Correlations with donation choice in the information condition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-correlations-with-donation-choice-in-the-no-g8k27f67.png Table 8: Correlations with donation choice in the no-information condition. (All correlations in first three rows are ∗∗∗ p < .001; no others are significant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-note-that-1-stands-for-definitely-choosing-the-less-fmbwgcth.png Figure 1: Note that 1 stands for definitely choosing the less effective option, 4 for being unsure which option to choose, and 7 for definitely choosing the effective option. In Study 1a, MTurk participants were more likely to choose the effective donation https://scispace.com/papers/the-market-for-paintings-in-the-venetian-republic-from-57omg2ep7l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-price-time-trend-34o49w25.png Fig. 2 Price time trend https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-continuous-variables-2orky8u7.png Table 2 Summary statistics-continuous variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-2hnubgs8.png Table 1 continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-artists-included-in-this-study-mean-price-and-number-fknph16l.png Table 1 continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-artist-fixed-effects-3qctbjsh.png Table 5 Artist fixed effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statisticsdiscrete-variables-variables-mean-1tzfkxgn.png Table 3 Summary statisticsdiscrete variables Variables Mean Std Dev https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-of-paintings-prices-in-silver-ducats-2rcdcpkx.png Fig. 1 Distribution of paintings’ prices in silver ducats https://scispace.com/papers/the-marketing-scale-effectiveness-of-virtual-communities-3owof9zm2s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-marketing-effectiveness-drivers-virtual-communities-201u2zrc.png Table 2 . Marketing Effectiveness Drivers-Virtual Communities https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-marketing-effectiveness-virtual-communities-1z5s4sdq.png Table 1. Marketing Effectiveness - Virtual Communities https://scispace.com/papers/the-maryland-analysis-of-developmental-eeg-made-pipeline-5g3bz7jjtw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-acquisition-parameters-for-10-example-data-files-11go6a0o.png Table 1. Acquisition parameters for 10 example data files from three age groups. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-eeg-signal-before-and-after-made-processing-three-19k1ez6a.png Figure 2. EEG signal before and after MADE processing. Three files from the three example datasets are shown with 5 s of data extracted from the recording. The EEG signal after high-pass filtering is shown in the left panel. The EEG signal after MADE processing as described in the preprocessing section of the example analysis is shown in the right panel. All scales are in microvolts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-made-preprocessing-report-for-the-10-files-in-late-3jw6dkq5.png Table 4. MADE preprocessing report for the 10 files in late adolescent dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-box-plots-showing-the-proportion-of-trials-retained-33tsln1m.png Figure 3. Box plots showing the proportion of trials retained by each preprocessing method (MADE Pipeline, Traditional with interpolation, and Traditional without interpolation) for each of the three example datasets (Adolescents, Children, and Infants) included in the analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-made-preprocessing-report-for-the-10-files-in-infant-3eoaao3g.png Table 2. MADE preprocessing report for the 10 files in infant dataset https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-made-preprocessing-report-for-the-10-files-in-2s9ny88v.png Table 3. MADE preprocessing report for the 10 files in childhood dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-made-pipelines-ggxizbxp.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of MADE pipeline’s preprocessing steps. Independent component analysis is abbreviated to ICA. The intermediate results are indicated by the suffix added to the file name in that specific processing step in the gray boxes. https://scispace.com/papers/the-marxbot-a-miniature-mobile-robot-opening-new-1dbg7o140o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-marxbot-robot-23fsmk28.png Fig. 1: The marXbot robot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-photo-of-the-rough-terrain-setup-1elixl88.png Fig. 8: Photo of the rough terrain setup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-setup-for-attachment-experiments-1lmi9ap3.png Fig. 7: Setup for attachment experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-time-to-attach-to-a-peer-marxbot-for-a-given-starting-2wsqpuib.png Fig. 9: Time to attach to a peer marXbot for a given starting orientation. Results on different terrain types and peer’s orientation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-a-selection-of-robots-that-have-been-used-recently-1hgk0l7w.png TABLE I: A selection of robots that have been used recently for collective experiments. The perception column lists the long range (> 20 cm) sensing capabilities of the robot, which excludes proximity sensors and bumpers. The processing column lists the vision-capable processing unit of the robot (> 100 MIPS), which excludes microcontrollers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-omnidirectional-vision-left-cut-of-the-mirror-with-15bfvr4b.png Fig. 10: Omnidirectional vision. Left: cut of the mirror with rays. Right: image acquired with surrounding robots; notice that the marXbot does not see itself. The attachment-ring LEDs are in red, the beacon LED is in blue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-battery-left-and-the-exchange-and-recharge-station-3i7c9wo2.png Fig. 2: The battery (left) and the exchange and recharge station (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-constant-power-consumption-of-the-different-31z6716z.png TABLE II: The constant power consumption of the different modules. https://scispace.com/papers/the-mass-distribution-function-of-planets-2zewn82fin 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparisons-of-the-distribution-of-klog-where-k-is-sinnzx28.png Figure 5. Comparisons of the distribution of Klog , where K is the orbital spacing in units of the mutual Hill radius. The dark gray, light gray, and dotted–dashed curves are the results obtained from the mass–radius relations of Equations (12)–(14), respectively. The black continuous curve is the Gaussian distribution that we adopted, with mean and standard deviation matching those of the solar system planets. The black points indicate solar system values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-log-mass-of-confirmed-exoplanets-34mxcbxc.png Figure 1. Distribution of log-mass of confirmed exoplanets with measured masses (data from http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/, retrieved on 2014 September 16). The black points indicate the masses of the solar system planets. Note that this is a semi-log plot. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-solar-system-planets-27bj3obg.png Table 1 Solar System Planets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparisons-of-pdfs-of-the-logarithm-of-planet-mass-32rs1z7m.png Figure 6. Comparisons of PDFs of the logarithm of planet mass: the dark gray, light gray, and dotted–dashed curves are the results from the mass–radius relations of Equations (12)–(14), respectively. The black and blue continuous and dotted curves are our theoretical estimates (as in Figure 4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-log-mass-of-kepler-planets-derived-f6bequya.png Figure 4. Distribution of log-mass of Kepler planets, derived from their period ratios and a heuristic criterion for dynamical stability. The continuous curve and dotted–dashed curve are the results obtained by assuming a uniform random and a half-Gaussian distribution, respectively, of the ratio of adjacent planet masses, γ (Equation (3)). The black curves are based on the observed period ratios, while the blue curves are based on the debiased distribution of period ratios. The black points indicate the masses of solar system planets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-the-orbital-spacing-equation-4-of-uc4e1jq5.png Figure 3. Distribution of the orbital spacing, (Equation (4)), of adjacent planets in multiple-planet systems discovered by Kepler. The dotted–dashed curve is the best-fit Gaussian function. The black points indicate solar system values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-period-ratio-distribution-in-multiple-planet-3cwbucai.png Figure 2. Period ratio distribution in multiple-planet systems discovered by Kepler. (Data from Fabrycky et al. 2014.) The dotted–dashed curve is a smoothed version of the histogram (smoothed with a Gaussian kernel). The black points indicate solar system values. The vertical dotted lines indicate locations of low-order resonant values (3/2, 5/3, 2/1, 7/3, 8/3). https://scispace.com/papers/the-material-politics-of-smart-building-energy-management-a-72p8h0mvxz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-here-13to8twi.png TABLE 1 HERE https://scispace.com/papers/the-materiality-assessment-and-stakeholder-engagement-a-324zh9790h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frequencies-over-years-3gxijkyg.png Table 2. Frequencies over years https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-ordinary-least-squares-ols-regression-kw50dgvx.png Table 9. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Regression https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequencies-of-materiality-and-materiality-matrix-1nhqohy2.png Table 1. Frequencies of Materiality and Materiality Matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-frequencies-statistics-of-variables-used-qky0k9rm.png Table 4. Frequencies Statistics of variables used https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-frequencies-statistics-of-dependent-variable-over-gh1xw9cn.png Table 3. Frequencies Statistics of dependent variable over years https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-ols-regression-with-and-without-industry-variable-5dl5i8yu.png Table 6. OLS Regression with and without Industry variable https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-two-group-mean-comparison-test-materiality-in-ucsgfm6q.png Table 7. Two-group mean-comparison test: Materiality in different industries https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-nonparametric-correlation-matrix-spearman-s-rho-3hro4b24.png Table 5. Nonparametric Correlation Matrix (Spearman's rho) https://scispace.com/papers/the-maternal-genetic-history-of-the-angolan-namib-desert-a-4uguc9dkry 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-sampling-locations-each-location-is-colored-by-zqtppsff.png Fig. 1 Map of sampling locations. Each location is colored by the corresponding population. On the right, Angola is highlighted in dark grey. On the left, an expanded view of the Angolan Namib (bold contour) is shown. The names of the main intermittent rivers are shown in blue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relationship-between-genetic-and-clanic-distances-in-2qkmc0i9.png Fig. 4 Relationship between genetic and clanic distances in populations of the Angolan Namib. (a) Matriclan distribution within each population. (b) Neighbor-joining tree based on clan distances (top) and Φst genetic distances (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-multidimensional-scaling-analysis-and-haplogroup-3ihxamhs.png Fig. 2 Multidimensional scaling analysis and haplogroup variation in southwestern Angola. (a) MDS plot based on Φst genetic distances. The pairs Kwisi-Twa and Tjimba-Himba are not significantly different, with p-values 0.11 and 0.16, respectively. Stress value: 0.006. (b) Frequencies of the most common subhaplogroups (≥ 20% in at least one population) are shown for each population. The remaining subhaplogroups are pooled under the category "Others" (black), with the major haplogroup assignments within this category listed for each population. Note that major haplogroups that are represented in the plots by a specific subhaplogroup, might appear again in the category "Others” to indicate other low frequency subhaplogroups. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-multidimensional-scaling-analysis-in-the-wider-region-2rdruhqx.png Fig. 6 Multidimensional scaling analysis in the wider region of southern Africa. Colors correspond to language families: Niger-Congo non-Bantu (black), Niger-Congo Bantu (green), Kx’a (blue), Tuu (dark red), KhoeKwadi (orange). The code used for each population can be found in Table S2. (a) MDS plot based on Φst genetic distances. Stress value: 9.4. (b) Geographic origin of the populations included in the MDS analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-genealogical-consistency-of-matriclans-a-distribution-2g28nwtn.png Fig. 5 Genealogical consistency of matriclans. (a) Distribution of pairwise differences obtained by randomly drawing pairs of sequences from: i) the whole Angolan Namib pool, ii) the same population, iii) the same clan, and iv) the same clan and population. (b) Sequence similarity in Angolan Namib populations computed for pairs of sequences randomly drawn from each population (orange triangles) and from individuals belonging to the same clan in each population (green squares). The dotted and dashed lines show the average sequence similarity computed within populations, regardless of the clan, and within clans, respectively. Sequence similarity was measured by the frequency of sequence pairs with ≤ 5 differences. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-linguistic-relationships-between-kuvale-himba-herero-30q7k6kv.png Fig. 8 Linguistic relationships between Kuvale, Himba, Herero and Nyaneka-Nkhumbi. The Kuvale sample includes varieties spoken by the Kuvale people (Kuvale Virei and Kuvale Bibala), as well as the Kwepe, the Kwisi and the Twa. The Nyaneka-Nkhumbi sample includes varieties spoken by the Handa, Humbe, Ngambwe, Nyaneka and Muhila peoples. a) Neighbor-joining tree. b) Bayesian trees plotted with DensiTree. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-median-joining-networks-showing-haplotype-variation-ydx6i9o4.png Fig. 3 Median-joining networks showing haplotype variation within the most common subhaplogroups of the Angolan Namib. Circles represent mtDNA haplotypes, with size proportional to frequency and color corresponding to clan affiliation. Line lengths are proportional to the number of mutational steps. Indels were not included. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-demographic-models-tested-by-abc-the-three-tested-57v9o865.png Fig. 7 Demographic models tested by ABC. The three tested models are shown on the left with their respective posterior probabilities (PP). Migration ratios above 0.0001 or effective migration (Nm) above 2 are represented in the plot by arrows with width proportional to Nm. NA1- NA3: ancestral effective population sizes; N1 - N4: current effective population sizes; T1-T3: divergence times. https://scispace.com/papers/the-mathematical-nature-of-reasoning-and-proving-48vtii7aao 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-lessons-and-exercises-analyzed-in-each-2p8p7kjk.png Table 2. Number of Lessons and Exercises Analyzed in Each Textbook https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-frequency-of-reasoning-and-proving-exercises-3o9zquga.png Table 6. Frequency of Reasoning-and-Proving Exercises https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-types-of-statements-in-reasoning-and-proving-2vaoog5g.png Table 7. Types of Statements in Reasoning-and-Proving Exercises https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-statement-types-and-justification-types-are-2mqwdq3b.png Figure 3. Statement-types and justification-types are independent categories of analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-nature-of-mathematical-statements-in-textbook-1fluiu0t.png Figure 8. The nature of mathematical statements in textbook exposition versus student exercises. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-percentages-of-statements-types-of-those-reasoning-1yrdsemi.png Figure 7. Percentages of statements-types of those reasoning-and-proving exercises explicitly focusing on proof. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-frequency-of-reasoning-and-proving-items-in-textbook-3qsllxkw.png Table 3. Frequency of Reasoning-and-Proving Items in Textbook Exposition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-types-of-mathematical-statements-for-reasoning-and-3l2e8tww.png Figure 2. Types of mathematical statements for reasoning-and-proving opportunities. https://scispace.com/papers/the-matrices-r-and-g-of-matrix-analytic-methods-and-the-time-20b5kd1s8g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mt-mt-1-queue-with-l-t-1-sin-2pt-and-m-t-4-2cos-2pt-1h2ijnt0.png Fig. 3 Mt/Mt/1 queue with λ(t) = 1 + sin(2πt) and μ(t) = 4 + 2cos(2πt). The idle probability is shown in gray, and the expected number in the queue is shown in black https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-normal-density-approximation-of-ph0-0-t-11-for-the-m-1nrmz2j7.png Fig. 2 Normal density approximation of [φ0(0, t)]1,1 for the M/E4/1 queue with λ(t)= 20+ 20cos(2πt) and ν(t)= 90. The thicker, dashed line is the approximation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-normal-density-approximation-of-ph0-0-t-11-for-the-m-k5orh3z2.png Fig. 1 Normal density approximation of [φ0(0, t)]1,1 for the M/E4/1 queue with λ(t)= 2+ 2cos(2πt) and ν(t)= 9. The thicker, dashed line is the approximation https://scispace.com/papers/the-may-june-2008-saharan-dust-event-over-munich-intensive-4vpj7vzxc4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-over-the-intensive-aerosol-properties-dp-3q7tj45l.png Table 2. Overview Over the Intensive Aerosol Properties dp and Sp at 3 Days of the Dust Eventa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-aerosol-optical-depth-from-ground-to-4-km-derived-tkhlurie.png Figure 10. Aerosol optical depth from ground to 4 km derived from integrating lidar measurements of ap: 355 nm in blue, 532 nm in green, diamonds of POLIS, squares for MULIS. The corresponding DREAM forecasts (36 hours to 60 hours) of tp‐ranges at 550 nm are plotted in red: 0.15–0.4, 0.4–0.8 and 0.8–2.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-particle-extinction-coefficient-ap-in-km-1-2tgbeep2.png Figure 4. (left) Particle extinction coefficient ap (in km −1), (middle) lidar ratio Sp (in sr), and (right) particle linear depolarization ratio dp on 27 May 2008 (late evening; for details, see text). The vertical axis is height above ground (in km). Green lines correspond to 532 nm, blue lines to 355 nm. The pink line (Figure 4, middle) is for the POLIS retrieval at 355 nm. The error bars indicate the systematic errors, in case of ap the sum of the statistical and systematic error. The measurement site is Maisach in case of MULIS (ap, Sp and dp(532 nm)), and Munich in case of POLIS (Sp(355 nm), dp(355 nm)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-same-as-figure-4-but-for-28-may-2008-22-40-23-40-2ekw9gme.png Figure 5. Same as Figure 4 but for 28 May 2008 (22:40–23:40 UTC). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-same-as-figure-4-but-for-2-june-2008-00-00-utc-01-hcs1591w.png Figure 9. Same as Figure 4 but for 2 June 2008 (00:00 UTC–01:30 UTC). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-lidar-ratio-sp-of-saharan-dust-at-355-nm-blue-5sowkily.png Figure 13. Lidar ratio Sp of Saharan dust at 355 nm (blue; POLIS: stars, MULIS: squares) and 532 nm (green; MULIS: squares) as derived on 6 days in the framework of SAMUM‐2 (Cape Verde, 2008) [Groß et al., 2011a] and the 3 days of this study (Munich, 2008). Error bars denote the systematic errors. Lidar ratios from Ouarzazate are mean values derived by Tesche et al. [2009]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-particle-linear-depolarization-ratio-dp-of-saharan-10nbq5hy.png Figure 12. Particle linear depolarization ratio dp of Saharan dust at 355 nm (blue) and 532 nm (green) as derived on 4 days in the framework of SAMUM‐1 (Ouarzazate, 2006) [Freudenthaler et al., 2009], on 8 days during SAMUM‐2 (Cape Verde, 2008) [Groß et al., 2011b] and the 3 days of this study (Munich, 2008). Error bars denote the systematic errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-left-temperature-profile-in-degc-and-right-relative-1ivie2fb.png Figure 6. (left) Temperature profile (in °C) and (right) relative humidity (in %) from radiosonde ascents in Oberschleißheim: dates as indicated. https://scispace.com/papers/the-mean-dehn-functions-of-abelian-groups-506x0xx7zo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-breaking-g-into-two-parts-24ynfkx9.png Figure 1. Breaking γ into two parts. https://scispace.com/papers/the-measurement-of-gender-wage-discrimination-the-1t7931pupg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4b-absolute-discrimination-curves-by-deciles-qr-3sux76ka.png Fig. 4b. Absolute Discrimination Curves by deciles QR https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4a-absolute-discrimination-curves-by-deciles-ols-2k68im8f.png Fig. 4b. Absolute Discrimination Curves by deciles QR https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-indices-of-discrimination-h0wb8y1h.png Table 1. Indices of Discrimination https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-b-normalized-discrimination-curves-ewgtfy9u.png Fig. 3.b Normalized Discrimination Curves https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-absolute-discrimination-curves-15zk2q0h.png Fig. 3.b Normalized Discrimination Curves https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-observed-and-predicted-wage-with-and-without-2bnjz4rc.png Fig. 1.a Observed and predicted wage with and without discrimination (OLS) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-b-observed-and-predicted-wage-with-and-without-2k18fnm2.png Fig. 1.a Observed and predicted wage with and without discrimination (OLS) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-wage-gap-19kim4bh.png Fig. 2.a Wage gap https://scispace.com/papers/the-measurement-of-social-disadvantage-and-its-spatial-375uy1fqan 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-goodness-of-fit-statistics-and-alternative-fit-chxmsrg8.png Table 3 Goodness of Fit Statistics and alternative fit indices for 1991, 1996 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-social-disadvantage-in-ireland-2002-2406qfun.png Figure 5 Social Disadvantage in Ireland, 2002 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variable-names-areas-affected-and-dimensions-1tjpq6yw.png Table 1 Variable Names, Areas Affected and Dimensions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variables-transformations-estimation-and-scaling-20tf7nc3.png Table 2 Variables, Transformations, Estimation and Scaling https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-social-disadvantage-in-ireland-1991-y3lii902.png Figure 4 Social Disadvantage in Ireland, 1991 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-social-disadvantage-in-ireland-1991-m99rcg8f.png Figure 4 Social Disadvantage in Ireland, 1991 https://scispace.com/papers/the-measured-electric-field-spatial-distribution-within-a-18l7o6j4ss 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulation-results-of-the-electric-field-inside-the-3hgwfslk.png Fig. 8. Simulation results of the electric field inside the cavity when loaded with resonant rings shown in Fig. 7. Notice for line 1, the quasi-static fields due to the ring dominate the spatially averaged fields yielding poor results. Lines 2 and 3, which are farther away from the ring give a reasonable match with effective medium theory. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-recovered-permeability-of-the-ring-design-from-fig-4-qubu2qye.png Fig. 6. Recovered permeability of the ring design from Fig. 4. We see the permeability is negative from about 2.5–2.65 GHz, implying a diamagnetic response of the ring. The extracted permittivity (not shown) was 1.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-hfss-model-used-to-show-that-the-ring-structure-29tqondk.png Fig. 7. HFSS model used to show that the ring structure behaves as an effective medium. The lines show where the electric field magnitude E was plotted. On line 1, the strong quasi-static fields induced by the rings ruin the effective medium picture. On lines 2 and 3, which are spaced at the maximum distance from the ring yield a close match with the fields predicted by effective medium theory. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-overlay-of-measured-electric-field-in-the-cavity-for-j0v1uakl.png Fig. 11. Overlay of measured electric field in the cavity for frequencies near resonance. Notice as the frequency increases, the null in the electric field shifts closer to the interface, as expected theoretically since increases in frequency above the magnetic resonance make ! 0, and the effective size of the cavity approaches the unit cell thickness d. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-plot-showing-the-theoretical-simulated-and-hrsquw94.png Fig. 10. Comparison plot showing the theoretical, simulated, and measured fields inside for the cavity resonator. Note that the compact cavity resonator can be formed by placing a PEC wall at z = 0:03 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-experimental-setup-showing-the-metamaterial-slab-1k0zlb6f.png Fig. 9. Experimental setup showing the metamaterial slab loaded in the microstrip waveguide. All field measurements were made with a 7.5 mm wire probe that protruded through the measuring slot shown above. The waveguide was 3 cm in height and passes TEM modes for f < 5 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-fields-inside-the-cavity-showing-the-gelxzmg1.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the fields inside the cavity, showing the incident and reflected waves in both slabs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-coupling-to-resonant-modes-for-the-loaded-and-2mbj88p1.png Fig. 12. Coupling to resonant modes for the loaded and unloaded cavities. It is clearly seen in the top panel that the resonance at 2.776 GHz is only excited when the metamaterial slab is present. The dotted plot shows coupling to a resonant mode at about 2.87 GHz when the size of the cavity is roughly the size of the slab thickness, d. The bottom panel clearly shows that loading the cavity with the metamaterial slab does not tamper with the =2 resonance at 5 GHz. Copper plates were used to form the cavity, and the 7.5 mm probe was used to measure S in the center of the cavity where E was maximum. https://scispace.com/papers/the-measurement-of-real-time-perceptions-of-financial-stress-533kacj2p5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hypothetical-scenarios-of-error-in-the-measurement-3t8oqbew.png Figure 2: Hypothetical Scenarios of Error in the Measurement of Financial Market Stress at Elections Using an Annual Binary Measure vs. FinStress https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-predicted-electoral-volatility-for-representative-2dprzlmk.png Figure 4: Predicted Electoral Volatility for Representative Levels of FinStress and Laeven and Valencia (2013) Banking Crisis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparing-perceptions-of-financial-market-nvh3mu0e.png Figure 1: Comparing Perceptions of Financial Market Conditions to Laeven and Valencia 2013, Reinhart and Rogoff 2009, and Romer and Romer 2015 Solid lines show the FinStress Index. Dotted lines represent a loess smoother of these series. Dashed lines show the (rescaled) scores from Romer and Romer 2015. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparing-national-election-timing-finstress-and-dj681234.png Figure 3: Comparing National Election Timing, FinStress, and Laeven and Valencia’s (2013) Banking Crisis Measure in Europe https://scispace.com/papers/the-mechanism-of-protein-kinase-c-regulation-begh6a6uvb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-isoform-specific-pkc-kinases-2xwqrkbc.png Table 1. Isoform-specific PKC kinases https://scispace.com/papers/the-mechanical-nature-of-stress-corrosion-cracking-in-al-zn-32u43cpods 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-i-m-chanical-properties-of-7075-t6aluminum-u36cwtcj.png Table 1. I M~chanical properties of 7075-T6aluminum https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-scc-data-from-crack-propagati-on-tests-1xd2b1x5.png Table 2. SCC data from crack propagati'on tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-stress-wave-and-fractographic-observations-n14wkz1l.png Table 3. Stress-wave and fractographic observations· https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-illustration-of-the-experimental-setup-used-2do9ysb3.png Fig. 1.- Schematic illustration of the experimental setup used to perform SCC tests and monitor stress wave emissions. https://scispace.com/papers/the-mechanism-of-self-recognition-in-humans-svirsots7n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pattern-of-attribution-errors-in-the-van-den-bos-and-w2fislj9.png Fig. 5. Pattern of attribution errors in the van den Bos and Jeannerod experiment. When the two hands made different movements, no attribution errors were observed, whatever the orientation of the hands. In the conditions where the movements were the same or absent, errors appeared, which were a function of the degree of rotation of the hands. Note more frequent errors by overattribution to the self (from[17]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-conditions-used-in-the-experiment-by-van-6rzbhvot.png Fig. 4. Experimental conditions used in the experiment by van den Bos and Jeannerod[17]. The participant’s hand (P) and the experimenter’s hand (E) are shown on a screen. The two hands can appear immobile or making different movements (e.g. extend thumb or extend index), or the same movement. In addition, the hands may appear in their correct orientation with respect to the participant’s body, or rotated by a variable amount. At the end of each trial the subject is instructed to attribute one of the two hands to its owner (from[18], with permission). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-activation-of-the-right-posterior-parietal-lobe-in-a-27j5qlc0.png Fig. 6. Activation of the right posterior parietal lobe in a self/other conflicting situation. In a PET experiment by Farrer et al., subjects were shownhand movements which did not correspond to the movements they were actually performing. This conflict between intended movements and their resulting visual feedback activated an area located in Brodman areas 39 and 40, predominantly on the right side. The degree of activation of this area increased as a function of the amount of conflict: maximal activation occurred when the movements shown to the subject were unrelated to his own movements (from Farrer et al., in press). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-nielsens-experiment-the-subject-s-looking-into-the-box-2k2s9c4f.png Fig. 1. Nielsen’s experiment. The subject (S) looking into the box can see either his own hand or an alien hand drawing a line. The experimental situation consists in instructing the subject to draw a line and to show him the line drawn by the experimenter (from[11]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-flow-chart-explaining-the-consequences-of-shared-h7uy69e1.png Fig. 7. Flow chart explaining the consequences of shared representations on possible misattribution of actions. The diagram depicts the interactions of two agents (A and B) observing one another. Each agent builds a representation of his own intentions/actions and of the intentions/actions of the other agent. Representations of self-generated actions and observed actions tend to overlap. An increase in overlap would render difficult attribution ofhese actions to their respective agent. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fourneret-and-jeannerods-experiment-the-subject-using-1smrj013.png Fig. 2. Fourneret and Jeannerod’s experiment. The subject using a stylus draws a line in the sagital direction on a graphic tablet. The signal is sent to computer screen seen in a mirror covering the hand. Thus, only the line is visible. An electronic perturbation can be introduced, such that the direction of the line drawn by the subject departs from its intended direction. The subject has to move the stylus in the direction opposite to the bias in order to obtain a line in the requested direction (from[12]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-misrecognition-of-the-direction-of-ones-hand-movements-18lj9m5a.png Fig. 3. Misrecognition of the direction of one’s hand movements in the Fourneret and Jeannerod’s experiment. The subject draws a line in the sagital direction. When a perturbation is introduced, the subject automatically deviates the hand movement in the direction opposite to the perturbation. Athe end of each trial an estimate of the direction and amplitude of the hand deviation is asked to the subject. Responses are given by reading a number on the chart on the right (the number 7 corresponds to the sagital direction). Subjects tend to strongly underestimate the deviation of their hand movements. Note that subjects have been grouped according to the type of response given: subjects from group 1 tend to perceive their hand deviating in the directio opposite to the actual movement; subjects from group 2 tend to perceive their hand deviating in the veridical direction (from[12]). https://scispace.com/papers/the-mechanosensitive-ion-channel-msl10-potentiates-responses-4no1srn2dm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-msl10-potentiates-a-transient-increase-in-369w97ot.png Figure 2. MSL10 Potentiates a Transient Increase in Cytoplasmic Calcium in Response to Cell Swelling https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-msl10-potentiates-ros-accumulation-in-response-to-3oblobk6.png Figure 3. MSL10 Potentiates ROS Accumulation in Response to Cell Swelling https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cell-swelling-induced-pcd-is-prevented-by-43v7cbdo.png Figure 6. Cell Swelling-Induced PCD Is Prevented by Phosphomimetic Amino Acid Substitutions in the MSL10 N Terminus (A) Swelling-induced cell death in lines overexpressing MSL10-GFP and MSL104D-GFP, as measured by Evans blue uptake as described for Figure 1. Results from five independent trials are shown. Each trial included three replicates of a pool of six seedlings for each genotype/treatment combination. (B) Immunodetection of MSL10-GFP variant proteins. Total protein was isolated from 6 pooled 5-day-old seedlings grown on media supplemented with 140 mM mannitol. An anti-GFP primary antibodywas used to detectMSL10-GFP (top panel) and the blot re-probedwith an anti-a-tubulin primary antibody (bottompanel). Theoretical molecular masses of proteins are indicated at the left according to a commercially available standard. Presence of two bands may be attributed to posttranslational modification. (C) In situ detection of DNA fragmentation in lines overexpressing MSL10-GFP and MSL104D-GFP using the Click-iT TUNEL Alexa Fluor 647 Imaging Assay kit. Results from three independent trials are shown. Each trial included 15 seedlings from each genotype and treatment. (D) Detection of in situ DNA fragmentation in response to cell swelling in seedlings expressingMSL10g,MSL10g7A, orMSL10g7D in themsl10-1 background, as described for Figure 5A. Results from three independent trials are shown. Each trial included 10–20 seedlings from each genotype and treatment. (E) Detection of in situ DNA fragmentation in response to cell swelling wild-type seedlings expressing DEX:MSL10, DEX:MSL104A, and DEX:MSL104D, as described for Figure 5A. Seedlingswere incubatedwith 30 mMDEX inmedia supplementedwith 140mMmannitol during the equilibration step. Results from three independent trials are shown. Each trial included 9 seedlings from each genotype and treatment. For (A) and (C)–(E), error bars and statistical analyses are as in Figure 1. See also Figure S6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-msl10-potentiates-hypo-osmotic-treatment-associated-ir2ru2dd.png Figure 4. MSL10 Potentiates Hypo-osmotic Treatment-Associated Gene Expression https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cell-swelling-results-in-msl10-dependent-programmed-3t52v1d2.png Figure 5. Cell Swelling Results in MSL10-Dependent Programmed Cell Death https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cell-swelling-results-in-msl10-dependent-cell-death-c34i7tj6.png Figure 1. Cell Swelling Results in MSL10-Dependent Cell Death https://scispace.com/papers/the-media-s-conditional-agenda-setting-power-how-baselines-2c05fwt1sh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-preprocessing-of-data-and-test-of-agenda-relations-6knz1oy0.png Figure 2. Preprocessing of data and test of agenda-relations for issue “international conflict” (2009, TV): Raw data, Kalman-filtered time series, ARIMA(1,1,0)-residuals (left) and cumulative impulse response functions (right) resulting from vector autoregression models. The 95% confidence regions are based on a bootstrap with 10,000 replicates. Observe the severely asymmetric confidence bands in the cIRF estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-detection-and-mapping-of-issue-and-spike-3g31rsln.png Figure 1. Detection and mapping of issue and spike descriptives. Public/media attention baseline = V t , where t is total number of time units. Public/media attention spike momentum = ∑ Mi https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-share-of-media-led-public-led-and-simultaneous-1c3tpz19.png Figure 3. Share of Media-led, Public-led, and Simultaneous Salience Changes (n=88) with p<.01, p<.05 or p<.10 as statistical significance cutoffs, respectively https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cumulative-impulse-response-functions-for-the-23-uifkw038.png Figure 4. Cumulative impulse-response functions for the 23 issues with positive, media-led agenda relations, aggregated by media type and globally. The peak is where cumulative agendasetting effects of a media salience impulse is at its maximum. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-impact-of-issue-salience-baseline-and-spike-momentum-2c5jtdcz.png Table 1 Impact of issue salience baseline and spike momentum on occurrence and strength of agendasetting effects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effects-of-spike-momentum-in-media-left-column-and-2uoa2ppb.png Figure 5. Effects of spike momentum in media (left column) and public salience (right column) on likelihood (top row) and strength (bottom row) of agenda-setting effects. Estimate from model (3): thick line and confidence region; year-specific estimates: slim lines. https://scispace.com/papers/the-mediator-cdk8-cyclin-c-complex-modulates-vein-patterning-q2o1xuzfa8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-identification-of-deficiency-lines-that-can-dominantly-anr70xm4.png Fig 3. Identification of deficiency lines that can dominantly modify the vein phenotypes caused by varying CDK8. (A-F) Adult wings showing the examples of dominant modifiers. (A) nub-Gal4/Df(2R)Exel6064; UAS-Cdk8-RNAi (a suppressor of the CDK8-RNAi phenotype); (B) nub-Gal4/+; UAS-Cdk8-RNAi/Df(3R)Exel6176, (an enhancer of the CDK8-RNAi phenotype); (C) nub-Gal4/Df(2R) Exel6064; UAS-CycC-RNAi/+ (a suppressor of the CycC-RNAi phenotype); (D) nub-Gal4/+; UAS-CycC-RNAi/Df(3R)Exel6176 (an enhancer of the CycC-RNAi phenotype); (E) nub-Gal4>UAS-Cdk8+/+; Df(3R)Exel6176 /+ (a suppressor of the CDK8-overexpression phenotype); and (F) nub-Gal4>UAS-Cdk8+/Df(2R)Exel6064 (an enhancer of the CDK8-overexpression phenotype). Scale bar in F: 0.4mm. (G and H) The Venn diagrams summarize the numbers of suppressors and enhancers of the CDK8-specific phenotypes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effects-of-various-mediator-subunits-on-the-expression-idvq3r89.png Fig 6. Effects of various Mediator subunits on the expression of the vgQE-lacZ reporter. Representative confocal images of anti-β-Gal staining of wing discs of the following genotypes: (A) ap-Gal4/+; vgQE-lacZ/+; (B) ap-Gal4/+; vgQE-lacZ/UAS-Mad-RNAi (BL-31315); (C) ap-Gal4/+; vgQE-lacZ/UAS-Cdk8-RNAi; (D) ap-Gal4/+; vgQE-lacZ/ UAS-CycC-RNAi; (E) ap-Gal4/+; vgQE-lacZ/UAS-Cdk8-RNAi CycC-RNAi; (F) ap-Gal4/+; vgQE-lacZ/ UAS-Med12-RNAi; (G) ap-Gal4/+; vgQE-lacZ/UAS-Med13-RNAi; (H) ap-Gal4/+; vgQE-lacZ/UAS-Med15-RNAi; (I) ap-Gal4/+; vgQE-lacZ/UAS-Med23-RNAi; (J) ap-Gal4/+; vgQE-lacZ/UAS-Med24-RNAi; (K) ap-Gal4/+; vgQE-lacZ/ UAS-Med31-RNAi; (L) ap-Gal4/+; vgQE-lacZ/UAS-Med30-RNAi. At least five wing discs were examined for each genotype. Scale bar in L: 25μm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-validation-of-additional-transcriptional-cofactors-for-2qccofmr.png Fig 8. Validation of additional transcriptional cofactors for their roles in regulating Mad-dependent transcription. (A) Model: linker region of pMad may be phosphorylated by CDK8, CDK9, or MAPKs as priming kinase recruiting Yki/YAP binding to pMad to drive target gene, such as sal transcription; and further phosphorylation by Sgg/GSK3 at the linker region may switch the binding to dSmuf1 and causes pMad degradation. (B) Sequence alignment of part of the Mad/Smad1 linker region from different species showing the conservation of the potential phosphorylation sites by CDKs, MAPKs, and GSK3. Representative confocal images of anti-β-Gal staining of wing discs of the following genotypes: (C) ap-Gal4, sal-lacZ/ +; UAS-yki-RNAi/+; (D) ap-Gal4, sal-lacZ/UAS-Cdk9-RNAi; (E) ap-Gal4, sal-lacZ/+; UAS-CycT-RNAi/+; (F) ap-Gal4, sal-lacZ/UAS-Cdk7-RNAi; (G) ap-Gal4, sal-lacZ/+; UAS-rl-RNAi/+; (H) ap-Gal4, sal-lacZ/+; UAS-ERK2-RNAi/+; and (I) ap-Gal4, sal-lacZ/UAS-sgg-RNAi. Scale bar in D: 25μm. (J) Quantification of Sal-lacZ expression. The grey columns represent the average of Sal-lacZ expression in the ventral compartment of the indicated genotypes, and light green columns represent the measurements in the corresponding dorsal compartments. N = 5 for the quantification of sal-lacZ expression after depleting Yki, Cdk9, or CycT in the dorsal compartment; N = 3 for the quantification of sal-lacZ expression after depleting Cdk7 or Sgg in the dorsal compartment. At least five wing discs were examined for depletion of Rl (G) and ERK2 (H), and the represented images were shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-deficiency-lines-that-dominantly-modify-the-cdk8-or-11z6vw16.png Table 1. Deficiency lines that dominantly modify the CDK8- or CycC-specific phenotypes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cdk8-cycc-positively-regulates-mad-dependent-3gtm6863.png Fig 5. CDK8-CycC positively regulates Mad-dependent transcription. Confocal images of the wing pouch area of a L3 wandering larval wing disc of (A) ap-Gal4, sal-lacZ/+ (control); (B) ap-Gal4, sal-lacZ/UAS-Mad-RNAi (BL-43183); (C) ap-Gal4, sal-lacZ/ UAS-Medea-RNAi; (D) ap-Gal4, sal-lacZ/+; UAS-Cdk8-RNAi/+; (E) ap-Gal4, sal-lacZ/+; UAS-CycC-RNAi/+; and (F) ap-Gal4, sal-lacZ/ +; UAS-Cdk8-RNAi CycC-RNAi/+. All signals presented were from anti-β-galactosidase staining. Scale bar in F: 25μm. Dorsal (D)ventral (V) boundaries are marked using a short line in these images. (G) Quantification of Sal-lacZ expression. The black columns represent the average of Sal-lacZ expression in the ventral compartment of the indicated genotypes (N = 5 for each genotype), and light green columns represent the measurements in the dorsal compartments. (H) Western Blots of a GST pull-down assay between GST-CDK8 and His-tagged Mad fragments. The amino acids (AA) positions of MH1 and MH2, separated by the linker region, are based on a BLAST search of Drosophila Mad-RA isoform (455AA). The other isoform, Mad-RB (525AA), has additional 70AA at the Nterminus. We focused on the Mad-RA isoform in this work. (I) Y2H assay showing the specific interaction between CDK8 and the linker region of Mad. SD/-Leu/-Trp and SD/-Leu/-Trp/-His are synthetic dropout (SD) media lacking “Leu and Trp”, or “Leu, Trp, and His”, respectively. The co-transformed yeast cultures were spotted on SD/-Leu/-Trp and SD/-Leu/-Trp/-His plates, positive interactions result in yeast growth on the SD/-Leu/-Trp/-His plate. AD, GAL4-activation domain (prey); BD, GAL4-DNA-binding domain (bait); AD- or BD-protein, AD- or BD-fusion proteins. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effects-of-the-additional-mediator-subunits-on-the-3jovende.png Fig 7. Effects of the additional Mediator subunits on the expression of the sal-lacZ reporter. Representative confocal images of antiβ-Gal staining of wing discs of the following genotypes: (A) ap-Gal4, sal-lacZ/+; UAS-Med1-RNAi/+; (B) ap-Gal4, sal-lacZ/+; UAS-Med12-RNAi/+; (C) ap-Gal4, sal-lacZ/+; UAS-Med13-RNAi/+; (D) ap-Gal4, sal-lacZ/+; UAS-Med15-RNAi/+; (E) ap-Gal4, sallacZ/+; UAS-Med23-RNAi/+; (F) ap-Gal4, sal-lacZ/+; UAS-Med24-RNAi/+; (G) in ap-Gal4, sal-lacZ/+; UAS-Med31-RNAi/+; (H) apGal4, sal-lacZ/UAS-Med25-RNAi; and (I) ap-Gal4, sal-lacZ/+; UAS-Med7-RNAi/+. (J) Quantification of Sal-lacZ expression. The black columns represent the average of Sal-lacZ expression in the ventral compartment of five wing discs of the indicated genotypes (N = 5 for each genotype), and light green columns represent the measurements in the dorsal compartments. Scale bar in A: 25μm. For (H) and (I), at least five wing discs were examined for each genotype. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-working-model-model-of-mad-smad-dependent-t23v7dae.png Fig 9. Working model. Model of Mad/Smad-dependent transcription activation through the CKM and the Mediator complex. GTFs, General Transcription Factors; MH1, Mad homology 1; MH2, Mad homology 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-effects-of-depleting-different-mediator-subunits-2qyjzp6w.png Table 3. The effects of depleting different Mediator subunits on the expression of the sal-lacZ and vgQE-lacZ reporters in wing discs during the third instar larval stage, as well as the wing and eye phenotypes in adult flies. https://scispace.com/papers/the-medicaid-buy-in-and-social-security-disability-insurance-5c057tmtao 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-states-that-adopt-a-medicaid-buy-in-program-prior-rmzogdoy.png Figure 1: States that Adopt a Medicaid Buy-In Program Prior to 2009 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-substantial-gainful-activity-sga-as-a-percent-of-366q8pwb.png Figure 2: Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA) as a Percent of the Federal Poverty Level (for Single Householders), 1999-2009 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-income-threshold-for-aged-blind-disabled-medicaid-g1262r66.png Figure 3: Income Threshold for Aged, Blind, Disabled Medicaid as percent Federal Poverty Level, Buy-In States https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-impact-of-increased-access-to-medicaid-through-31wolh81.png Table 4: The Impact of Increased Access to Medicaid through Buy-In Program on Employment https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-impact-of-increased-access-to-medicaid-through-buy-3tu5qv04.png Table 3: Impact of Increased Access to Medicaid through Buy-In Program on Medicaid Receipt/Take-Up https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-ot5wdwfg.png Table 2: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-state-buy-in-programs-1sspm9m4.png Table 1: Characteristics of State Buy-In Programs https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-impact-of-increased-access-to-medicaid-through-219s5rg3.png Table 5: The Impact of Increased Access to Medicaid through the Buy-In Program on the Likelihood Income Exceeds Substantial Gainful Activity and Earnings https://scispace.com/papers/the-membrane-bound-mucins-how-large-o-glycoproteins-play-key-3y4sd1jcqc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-muc4-and-cell-signaling-muc4-interacts-with-erbb2-30g62j4x.png FIGURE 3. MUC4 and cell signaling. MUC4 interacts with ErbB2 and acts as a modulator between proliferation and differentiation via activation of the cell cycle inhibitor p27kip or PKB/ Akt MAPK signaling pathways. https://scispace.com/papers/the-mediterranean-broad-band-seismographic-network-anno-2005-4zyl4kuse5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-map-of-stations-closed-stations-are-shown-in-red-17dubve9.png Figure 2 Map of stations: closed stations are shown in red, open stations in green https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-mednet-station-codes-locations-and-partner-1g6jmcka.png Table 2 List of MedNet station codes, locations and partner institutions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-amplitude-response-functions-for-the-two-types-of-2recmhx6.png Figure 3 Amplitude response functions for the two types of sensors in use at MedNet stations, Streckeisen STS1-VBB (dotted line) and STS2 (solid) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-examples-of-actual-data-connections-station-data-1juha54u.png Figure 5 Examples of actual data connections station-data center and data center-data center as practiced within the MedNet network https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-mednet-station-coordinates-and-8lfek4vs.png Table 1 Overview of MedNet station coordinates and instrument configuration (seismograph and data-logger). Rate column shows the maximum sampling rate and the down-sampled data stream rates available from each station. Q×80 is for Q380 (three channels) and Q680 (six channels) data-loggers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-four-examples-of-mednet-sites-the-entrance-to-the-1n9ntc53.png Figure 1 Four examples of MedNet sites: the entrance to the 120-m long tunnel, in the desert region of Gafsa (GFA, Tunisia, top left); L’Aquila Castle, which hosts the station in one of its cisterns (AQU, Central Italy, top right); Vitosha observatory, a few kilometers from Sofia (VTS, Bulgaria, bottom left); the existing excavation (originally used to hide tanks) in the vicinity of Kottamya Astronomical Observatory, about 70 km to the East of Cairo, later improved, to host the instrumentation, to a three floor, 8-m deep hole (KEG, Egypt, bottom right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simplified-diagram-of-the-connections-from-internal-xp3hzg5h.png Figure 4 Simplified diagram of the connections from “internal” and “external” MedNet stations, with emphasis on the two SeedLink servers on both sides of the firewall in Rome https://scispace.com/papers/the-memory-of-optimized-dispersion-managed-periodic-optical-3ktu1dwsyb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-nonlinear-threshold-db-at-1-db-of-osnr-penalty-m0vrvk2o.png Fig. 2: (Left): Nonlinear threshold [dB] at 1 dB of OSNR penalty @ BER = 10−5 vs. R and n with full in-line compensation. (Center+right): OSNR penalty vs. n for various in-line dispersions @ R = 40 Gb/s and ΦNL = 0.15π. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-received-power-using-ssfm-circles-eq-1-solid-dashed-tx-3dfmeq3h.png Fig. 1: Received power using SSFM (circles), eq. (1) (solid). Dashed: Tx power. R = 100 Gb/s, ξin = 0. https://scispace.com/papers/the-melanoma-genomics-managing-your-risk-study-randomised-yfypzn5cxz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-multidimensional-impact-of-cancer-risk-assessment-3edbvy9r.png Table 1 Multidimensional Impact of Cancer Risk Assessment (MICRA) domain subscales https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-schedule-of-study-parameters-and-collection-time-2qp2zct1.png Table 2 Schedule of study parameters and collection time points https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-domain-specific-risk-taking-dospert-domain-subscales-2idkejve.png Table 3 Domain-Specific Risk-Taking (DOSPERT) domain subscales https://scispace.com/papers/the-menopause-alters-aerobic-adaptations-to-high-intensity-1ep0r663bv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-aerobic-capacity-and-haematological-3d87sfkx.png Table 1: Demographics, aerobic capacity and haematological parameters in pre- (PreM) and post-menopausal (Post-M) women before and after exercise training (Trg). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-peak-systolic-basal-and-apical-rotation-rot-in-37byk0k3.png Figure 5: Peak systolic basal and apical rotation (rot) in response to supine cycling (Ex) in pre- and post-menopausal (M) women before and after exercise training (Trg; Pre-M n = 8, Post-M n = 10). Values are mean ± standard error of the change from rest. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-ventricular-function-and-systemic-vascular-2g1z6k36.png Figure 4: Left ventricular function and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) in [..29 ]response to supine cycling (Ex)[..30 ]. As there was no evidence of any effects related to the menopause ([..31 ]P > 0.05)[..32 ], data in pre- and post-menopausal women were [..33 ]grouped together ([..34 ]effective n = 25) to show the effects of Ex and [..35 ]exercise training (Trg). Values are mean ± standard error of the change from rest. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-peak-diastolic-basal-and-apical-rotational-3fzcmr73.png Figure 3: Peak diastolic basal and apical rotational velocities (rot vel) in response to lower body negative pressure (LBNP) in pre- and post-menopausal (M) women before and after exercise training (Trg; Pre-M n = 9, Post-M n = 10). Values are mean ± standard error of the change from rest. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-peak-systolic-basal-and-apical-rotation-rot-in-lb6nlfm8.png Figure 5: Peak systolic basal and apical rotation (rot) in response to supine cycling (Ex) in pre- and post-menopausal (M) women before and after exercise training (Trg; Pre-M n = 8, Post-M n = 10). Values are mean ± standard error of the change from rest. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-peak-diastolic-basal-and-apical-rotational-mnka92z4.png Figure 3: Peak diastolic basal and apical rotational velocities (rot vel) in response to lower body negative pressure (LBNP) in pre- and post-menopausal (M) women before and after exercise training (Trg; Pre-M n = 9, Post-M n = 10). Values are mean ± standard error of the change from rest. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-ventricular-function-and-systemic-vascular-2h8nacev.png Figure 2: Left ventricular function and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) in [..21 ]response to lower body negative pressure (LBNP)[..22 ]. As there was no evidence of any effects related to the menopause ([..23 ]P > 0.05)[..24 ], data in pre- and postmenopausal women were [..25 ]grouped together ([..26 ]effective n = 25) to show the effects of LBNP and [..27 ]exercise training (Trg). Values are mean ± standard error of the change from rest. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-experimental-1q46xnhu.png Figure 1: Schematic representation of the experimental timeline. Echocardiography was used to assess left ventricular function and mechanics in middle-aged pre- and post-menopausal women in response to lower body negative pressure and supine cycling before and after 12 weeks of exercise training. HRmax: Maximum heart rate. https://scispace.com/papers/the-metabolic-cost-of-flagellar-motion-in-pseudomonas-putida-29nams2rwe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dispersion-of-flagella-less-p-putida-cells-in-16snszql.png Figure 3. Dispersion of flagella-less P. putida cells in liquid cultures. 1 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-deletion-of-the-flagella-operon-influences-biofilm-2gj3xz2o.png Figure 4. Deletion of the flagella operon influences biofilm formation. 1 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-stress-resistance-to-paraquat-and-diamide-in-p-1z5g9b4u.png Figure 8. Stress resistance to paraquat and diamide in P. putida KT2440 and in the non-flagellated 1 strain. 2 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-determination-of-energy-and-redox-cofactors-in-p-3u860gz0.png Figure 7. Determination of energy and redox cofactors in P. putida KT2440 and its non-flagellated 1 derivative. 2 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bacteria-and-plasmids-1-2-2edqoryk.png Table 1. Bacteria and plasmids. 1 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-genetic-organisation-and-deletion-of-the-flagellar-99fr3vdk.png Figure 1. Genetic organisation and deletion of the flagellar operon of P. putida KT2440. 3 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-growth-curves-for-the-p-putida-kt2440-and-the-non-268aefwl.png Figure 5. Growth curves for the P. putida KT2440 and the non-flagellated strain under different nutrient 1 conditions. 2 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-swimming-tests-and-cell-morphology-of-p-putida-1j8isd6x.png Figure 2. Swimming tests and cell morphology of P. putida KT2440 with and without flagella. 1 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-mercury-tolerant-microbiota-of-the-zooplankton-daphnia-1qeejjcdqe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-16s-rrna-phylogenetic-tree-of-isolated-d-magna-3uqwb7rh.png Figure 2. 16S rRNA phylogenetic tree of isolated D. magna microbiota. 16S rRNA sequences of the 27 isolates were first aligned using MUSCLE, followed by tree-construction using maximum likelihood method (PhyML), with Jukes-Cantor substitution model and 250 bootstrap replicates. merA-positive microbiota isolates identified in this study (Table 1) are in red. Numbers after the bacteria name represent laboratory collection ID number. Bootstrap values and scale bar are indicated as substitution per site. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mercury-biotransformation-by-pseudomonas-10-mercury-201rjb1x.png Figure 6. Mercury biotransformation by Pseudomonas-10. Mercury concentrations (nM of Hg2+) measured in the ADaM medium control, with Pseudomonas-10 only (Pse), bacterial-free daphnids (Bac-Free), and daphnids infected with Pseudomonas-10 (Pse-Inf) on day 5, before (No Hg) and after (D5) addition of mercury, and on day 8 (D8). Experimental jars containing ADaM medium only served as controls. * indicates significant difference (p < 0.0001), analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD Posthoc test, while n.s. indicates no significant difference (p > 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-expression-of-mera-in-the-daphnid-associated-2ejjo03m.png Figure 4. Expression of merA in the daphnid-associated Pseudomonas10. (A) Agarose gel electrophoresis of amplified merA and glnA (housekeeping gene for normalization). (B) Relative merA expression in host-associated Pseudomonas-10 exposed to 50 nM mercury, determined from 2 independent experiments with 3 technical replicates. *, p = 0.0001 (Student’s t test). RT, reverse transcriptase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mera-expression-in-the-microbiota-isolate-1a535leq.png Figure 3. merA expression in the microbiota isolate Pseudomonas-10. Relative fold-change of merA expression in Pseudomonas-10 (Pse-10) bacterial cultures exposed to 0, 2.5, and 5 μM of mercury in LB media, determined from 3 independent experiments with 3 technical replicates. Data were log-transformed and were analyzed using oneway ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD Posthoc test. Column with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-identified-d-magna-microbiota-isolates-247xqzub.png Table 1. List of Identified D. magna Microbiota Isolates, Mercury MIC, and merA Gene Screening https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-survival-and-fecundity-of-gnotobiotic-d-magna-cay-3gsjwpi1.png Figure 5. Survival and fecundity of gnotobiotic D. magna CAY harboring different microbiota under mercury stress. (A) Survival of bacteria-free daphnids (Bac-Free), bacteria-supplemented daphnids harboring parental microbiota (Bac-Suppl), and Pseudomonas-10 infected daphnids (PseInf) with (50 nM Hg) and without (no Hg) mercury exposure. Mercury stress (Hg stress) was introduced at day 5, indicated with a red arrow. BacFree (no Hg), n = 30; Bac-Free (50 nM Hg), n = 30; Bac-Suppl (no Hg), n = 31; Bac-Suppl (50 nM Hg), n = 30; Pse-Inf (no Hg), n = 30; Pse-Inf (50 nM Hg), n = 30. Survival assays were repeated twice (Figure S4), but only one representative experiment is shown here. (B) Fecundity of BacFree, Bac-Suppl, and Pse-Inf daphnids with (50 nM Hg) and without (no Hg) mercury stress. Boxes show the 25% to 75% quartiles, medians are shown as horizontal lines (within the box), and maximum and minimum values are shown as whiskers. Columns with the same letter are not significantly different, analyzed using Kruskal−Wallis test with Wilcoxon each pair test for pairwise comparisons. Bac-Free (no Hg), n = 8; Bac-Free (50 nM Hg), n = 9; Bac-Suppl (no Hg), n = 15; Bac-Suppl (50 nM Hg), n = 10; Pse-Inf (no Hg), n = 9; Pse-Inf (50 nM Hg), n = 9. Fecundity assays were repeated twice (Figure S5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relative-abundance-of-major-taxonomic-groups-of-145m59oh.png Figure 1. Relative abundance of major taxonomic groups of microbiota from D. magna CAY. Relative abundance of microbiota members that are ≥1% (average abundance of all 3 samples). Genera with less than 1% are grouped as “Other”. Some of the microbiota were identified only at the family and order levels using BLAST. D. magna samples (n = 3): DM1, DM2, and DM3. https://scispace.com/papers/the-metabolic-syndrome-and-schizophrenia-the-latest-evidence-4so6hajmf9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-guidelines-for-practice-13tupdzb.png Table 3 Guidelines for practice https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-indicators-of-metabolic-syndrome-2dmrq4xp.png Table 1 Clinical indicators of metabolic syndrome https://scispace.com/papers/the-metabolic-syndrome-in-spanish-migrants-to-brazil-3xdl81s7fl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-age-adjusted-characteristics-in-spanish-migrants-to-172ub6s7.png Table 1 Age adjusted characteristics in Spanish migrants to Brazil and their descen https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-unadjusted-and-age-sex-adjusted-prevalence-of-3uevpnvz.png Fig. 1. Unadjusted and age/sex-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome by groups: original and revised NCEP/ATP III definitions. (&) Unadjusted prevalence NCEP original criterion (A vs. B vs. C; p < 0.005). (&) Age/sex-adjusted prevalence NCEP original criterion (A vs. B vs. C; p < 0.005). ( ) Unadjusted prevalence NCEP revised criterion (A vs. B vs. C; p < 0.005). ( ) Age/sex-adjusted prevalence NCEP revised criterion (A vs. B vs. C; p < 0.005). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-metabolic-syndrome-risk-factors-by-groups-kzvuwbpd.png Table 2 Metabolic syndrome risk factors by groups https://scispace.com/papers/the-metabolic-syndrome-in-treatment-seeking-obese-persons-2v9j3myls0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-prevalence-of-positive-criteria-for-the-metabolic-lfq1ikzn.png Fig 3. Prevalence of positive criteria for the metabolic syndrome n obese subjects. Open columns, sedentary cases; closed columns, ubjects involved in physical activity. TG, triglycerides. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-prevalence-of-positive-criteria-for-the-metabolic-3qpscc6y.png Fig 1. Prevalence of positive criteria for the metabolic syndrome n obese subjects. Closed columns, males; open columns, females. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prevalence-of-the-metabolic-syndrome-95-17c8fzn6.png Table 1. Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome (95% https://scispace.com/papers/the-meth-project-and-teen-meth-use-new-estimates-from-the-1wl89p7v01 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fraction-reporting-meth-use-y44pcb9z.png Figure 1 Fraction Reporting Meth Use https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-meth-projects-1999-2011-1zkwsov1.png Table 1. Meth Projects, 1999-2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-meth-projects-and-youth-meth-use-by-age-gender-and-rmiet7h9.png Table 5. Meth Projects and Youth Meth Use by Age, Gender, and Race https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sensitivity-of-results-to-sample-selection-3a3b4ui3.png Table 4. Sensitivity of Results to Sample Selection https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-meth-projects-and-youth-meth-use-3rzo8im9.png Table 3. Meth Projects and Youth Meth Use https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-yrbs-1999-2011-2x0esol6.png Table 2. Descriptive Statistics: YRBS 1999-2011 https://scispace.com/papers/the-metallicity-and-dust-content-of-a-redshift-5-gamma-ray-5feuq74vcm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measurements-of-lines-from-fine-structure-and-bt0vdsgl.png Table 2 Measurements of Lines from Fine-structure and Metastable States at the Host-galaxy Redshift (z = 5.0) in Three Different Epochs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nir-to-x-ray-sed-and-model-for-the-afterglow-of-grb-2yxt2l06.png Figure 3. NIR-to-X-ray SED and model for the afterglow of GRB 111008A at an observed time of 35 ks after the GRB trigger. GROND photometry and the g′ band upper limit are shown in larger black circles and a gray downward triangle, respectively. Swift/XRT X-ray data are plotted in smaller black dots. The best-fit model including gas and dust absorption is shown with solid lines, while the dashed line illustrates the underlying synchrotron emission. X-ray data have been binned to yield an S/N of at least eight to enhance clarity. The g′r ′i′ band photometry is not fitted, because these filters are located or extend blueward of the Lyα transition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-vis-spectrum-the-yellow-circles-mark-telluric-168i1t4x.png Figure 9. VIS spectrum. The yellow circles mark telluric features, the brown marks show absorption lines from the GRB host galaxy, and the blue marks show absorption features from the intervening system at z = 4.6. The spectrum is shown in black and the error spectrum is shown in gray. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-1s-2s-and-3s-confidence-levels-solid-dotted-and-2m8t7gjp.png Figure 8. 1σ , 2σ , and 3σ confidence levels (solid, dotted, and dashed contours, respectively) for the Doppler parameters and the column densities for S ii and Ni ii. The gray contours show regions of constant equivalent width. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-most-constraining-metal-lines-from-the-intervening-d668uo2w.png Figure 4. Most constraining metal lines from the intervening absorber at z = 4.6. The solid profiles are resulting Voigt-profile fits with five absorption components (the dashed vertical lines show the velocity of the absorption components). The dotted line shows the error spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-excerpt-of-the-vis-spectrum-showing-absorption-from-3jbnbcsv.png Figure 1. Excerpt of the VIS spectrum showing absorption from Lyα and Lyβ of the host galaxy of GRB 111008A (z = 5.0) and Lyα of the strong intervening system at z = 4.6. The red line displays a Voigt-profile fit to the DLAs Lyα and Lyβ lines. The dashed line shows the 1σ error on the fit result, and the dotted line shows the error spectrum. The shaded gray indicates a region with strong telluric contamination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-same-as-figure-9-but-for-the-nir-spectrum-a-color-3ed39gnb.png Figure 10. Same as Figure 9, but for the NIR spectrum. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dust-to-metals-ratio-vs-metallicity-the-dashed-line-2mq9o5n9.png Figure 5. Dust-to-metals ratio vs. metallicity. The dashed line shows the Local Group value, and the dotted lines indicate the scatter in the Local Group. The host of GRB 111008A, which is shown as a black triangle, has a dust-to-metals ratio that is consistent with being equal to or lower than the value in the Local Group. The other data points are from Zafar & Watson (2013) and Chen et al. (2013). https://scispace.com/papers/the-method-utilized-to-purify-the-sars-cov-2-n-protein-can-1t5gb1q3dw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hydrodynamic-properties-of-the-n-protein-samples-7eqjc0v3.png Table 1. Hydrodynamic properties of the N protein samples determined by analytical ultracentrifugation. https://scispace.com/papers/the-methodological-renewal-of-the-state-audit-office-of-2kg2rd6tv8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fundamental-principles-of-sao-audits-251yx3fc.png Figure 4: Fundamental Principles of SAO Audits https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-system-of-professional-regulations-of-sao-3pp65ia7.png Figure 3: The system of professional regulations of SAO auditing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fundamental-auditing-principles-2x993k0p.png Figure 2: Fundamental Auditing Principles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prerequisites-for-the-functioning-of-supreme-audit-3a7xutw9.png Figure 1: Prerequisites for the Functioning of Supreme Audit Institutions https://scispace.com/papers/the-micro-dynamics-of-exporting-evidence-from-french-firms-2t0ayl22mt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-fraction-of-stable-relations-3js8lpbh.png Table 11: Fraction of stable relations https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-contribution-of-components-by-firm-size-percentiles-2hzw0te0.png Table 6: Contribution of components by firm size percentiles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-export-flows-distribution-by-relation-age-1stw0s2h.png Figure 5: Export flows distribution by relation age https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-fraction-of-entered-vs-fraction-of-exited-firms-by-2xpceiz3.png Figure 10: Fraction of entered vs fraction of exited firms by country https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fluctuations-in-export-status-nc955k0g.png Table 1: Fluctuations in export status https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fraction-of-firms-entering-leaving-vs-total-french-2daghk2k.png Figure 2: Fraction of firms entering/leaving vs. total French exports by country https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-entry-flows-by-percentile-and-2-digit-nes-sector-3pptmapy.png Table 5: Entry flows by percentile and 2-digit NES sector https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-explaining-changes-in-export-values-1s7b8f6n.png Table 8: Explaining changes in export values https://scispace.com/papers/the-microwave-spectrum-of-the-trans-conformer-of-ethyl-2upboy4xvz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rotational-constants-in-ghz-and-dipole-moments-in-347me4xc.png Table 1: Rotational constants (in GHz) and dipole moments (in Debye) of ethyl acetate (trans and gauche conformer) obtained by DFT and ab initio methods using the Gaussian 03 package. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-molecular-constants-of-ethyl-acetate-trans-conformer-1ijmousr.png Table 3: Molecular constants of ethyl acetate (trans conformer) obtained by a global fit using program BELGI-Cs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-molecular-constants-of-ethyl-acetate-trans-conformer-yiejrr71.png Table 2: Molecular constants of ethyl acetate (trans conformer) obtained with program XIAM and comparison with results of BELGI-Cs and ab initio results. https://scispace.com/papers/the-mid-infrared-extinction-law-in-the-large-magellanic-18ohstaxsb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-nir-cmd-of-the-30-doradus-co-186-region-the-ll5xmoye.png Fig. 5.— The NIR CMD of the 30 Doradus (CO-186) region. The selected RGB samples are denoted by red dots within the red trapezoid. Left panel shows all the sources with S/N& 1 at all three 2MASS bands in the 30 Doradus (CO-186) region from the Spitzer/SAGE IRAC catalog, while the right panel only shows the sources with S/N& 5 at all seven bands (three 2MASS bands and four IRAC bands) in the same region. Green crosses show the sources with [3.6] − [4.5] > 0.0 or [3.6]− [8.0] > 0.5 in the selected region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-nir-color-color-diagram-of-the-30-doradus-co-186-1hbivylc.png Fig. 6.— The NIR color-color diagram of the 30 Doradus (CO-186) region. The symbols are the same as those in Figure 4. For this region, the NIR color ratios are E(J−H)/E(H−KS) ≈ 1.29± 0.04 and E(J−KS)/E(H−KS) ≈ 1.94 ± 0.04, which are shown as black solid lines. In the MW, these values are E(J − H)/E(H − KS) ≈ 1.73 and E(J−KS)/E(H−KS) ≈ 2.78 (Indebetouw et al. 2005), which are shown as black dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-the-mw-black-solid-lmc-red-solid-and-smc-1c7ro2pp.png Fig. 1.— Comparison of the MW (black solid), LMC (red solid), and SMC (green dot-dashed) extinction curves. Also shown is the LMC2 supershell extinction curve (blue dashed). The MW extinction curve is calculated from the CCM parameterization with RV = 3.1. The LMC and SMC extinction curves are taken from Gordon et al. (2003). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-of-the-simulation-errors-upper-panel-with-2w9lo2cn.png Fig. 10.— Comparison of the simulation errors (upper panel) with the photometric uncertainties for the sources with S/N > 5 at all three 2MASS bands and four IRAC bands (lower panel; see Table 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-sample-of-monte-carlo-simulation-with-n-1000-rv-3-1-kxe2a1rd.png Fig. 9.— A sample of Monte-Carlo simulation with N = 1000, RV = 3.1, (AmcJ )max = 1.5mag, and the mean photometric uncertainties for the sources with S/N > 5 in all three 2MASS bands and four IRAC bands. The thick blue lines show the simulated colors of the obscured sources (but no errors are added to these sources). The black dots show the colors of the simulated, obscured, error-added sources. The red lines fit the J−KS vs. KS − λ color-color diagram for the simulated, obscured, error-added sources. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-color-magnitude-diagram-cmd-of-the-lmc-left-panel-1bz4gcea.png Fig. 2.— The color-magnitude diagram (CMD) of the LMC. Left panel shows all the sources in the catalog of SAGELMCcatalogIRAC, while the right panel only shows the sources with S/N& 5 at all three 2MASS bands and four IRAC bands. The red trapezium shows the region of RGBs, which are candidates for extinction tracers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-lmc-sightlines-explored-in-this-work-gdra2guq.png Table 2: The LMC sightlines explored in this work https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-ir-extinction-coefficients-of-the-lmc-3pys8rsh.png Table 3: The IR extinction coefficients of the LMC https://scispace.com/papers/the-mid-pleistocene-transition-in-the-subtropical-southwest-4dx6l6eqsp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-local-wavelet-power-spectra-of-the-sst-2uwvck9i.png Figure 7. Local wavelet power spectra of the SST reconstructions from (a) MD06‐3018, (b) MD97‐ 2140, and (c) ODP 846. All records were resampled (via linear interpolation) to 5 kyr resolution, detrended, and normalized to unit variance prior to analysis.Wavelet decomposition was performed using theWTC‐16 code [Grinsted et al., 2004]. Color bar shows spectral power in normalized units of variance. Black contour lines show 5% confidence intervals above a modeled first‐order autoregressive red‐noise process. Shaded areas show the cone of interference, within which edge effects become significant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-wavelet-transform-coherence-analysis-of-the-md06-39sz3ra2.png Figure 4. Wavelet transform coherence analysis of the MD06‐3018 G. ruber (a and b) Mg/Ca‐derived SST and (c and d) calculated Dd18Olocal records with orbital obliquity and precession index records from the La04 orbital solution [Laskar et al., 2004]. Analysis was performed using the WTC‐16 code [Grinsted et al., 2004]. Color bar shows squared coherence (Cxy 2 ) level. Black contour lines show 5% confidence intervals relative to red noise, determined using a Monte Carlo method. For areas of age‐period space with significant coherence, the phase relationship between the two variables is shown by black arrows. Right (left) pointing horizontal arrows denote an in‐phase (antiphase) relationship. All records were resampled (via linear interpolation) to 5 kyr resolution, detrended, and normalized to unit variance prior to analysis. Shaded areas show the cone of interference, within which edge effects become significant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-sst-reconstructions-from-md06-3018-in-the-simns12i.png Figure 6. (a) SST reconstructions from MD06‐3018 in the subtropical southwest Pacific [Russon et al., 2010], MD97‐2140 in the WEP [de Garidel‐Thoron et al., 2005], and ODP 846 in the EEP [Lawrence et al., 2006]. The MD06‐3018 and MD97‐2140 reconstructions are based on Mg/Ca, and the ODP 846 reconstruction is based on alkenone saturation index paleothermometry methods. All records are presented on published age models. Vertical bar shows MD06‐3018 reproducibility uncertainty. (b) The 400 kyr running boxcar sSST records after linear detrending. Vertical bar shows 95% confidence interval for the sSST values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-contour-map-of-the-correlation-index-between-mean-2bn87ysi.png Figure 1. Contour map of the correlation index between mean annual SST and the Southern Oscillation Index within the low‐latitude Pacific over the interval 1948–2000, with the location of the core sites discussed in the text shown. Similar index values at any two locations imply that SST responds in an in‐ phase manner on the interannual timescale to ENSO fluctuations. The plot was generated using data and the online reanalysis tool provided by the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (http://www. esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/correlation/). WEP, Western Equatorial Pacific; EEP, Eastern Equatorial Pacific. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plots-over-the-past-800-kyr-of-a-md06-3018-g-ruber-1k5zbsgh.png Figure 5. Plots over the past 800 kyr of (a) MD06‐3018 G. ruber Mg/Ca‐derived SST, MD06‐3018 Cibicides wuellerstorfi d18Obenthic, and the LR04 d 18Obenthic stack [Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005]. Numbers refer to same selected MIS shown in Figure 2. (b) Orbital obliquity from the La03 solution [Laskar et al., 2004]. (c) MD06‐3018 G. ruber Mg/Ca‐derived SST versus European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) composite dD record, resampled (via linear interpolation) to 2 kyr resolution [Jouzel et al., 2007]. Dashed line shows 24°C reference level (the long‐term average of the SST reconstruction over the past 800 kyr), and gray shading shows periods when SST exceeds this. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-md06-3018-g-ruber-measurements-of-a-d18oplanktic-duom6czn.png Figure 2. MD06‐3018 G. ruber measurements of (a) d18Oplanktic and (b) Mg/Ca‐derived SST [Russon et al., 2010] plotted against core age model. Annotations on Mg/Ca plot show positions of selected MIS referred to in the text. (c) Calculated MD06‐3018 d18Osw plotted against core age model. (d) Calculated Dd18Olocal at 5 kyr resolution following tuning of the d 18Osw record to the Sosdian and Rosenthal [2009] d18Osw record. Shaded areas represent 2s reproducibility error envelopes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-local-wavelet-power-spectra-of-md06-3018-a-g-ruber-1h3p8cnb.png Figure 3. Local wavelet power spectra of MD06‐3018 (a) G. ruber d18Oplanktic, (b) G. ruber Mg/Ca‐ derived SST, (c) calculated d18Osw, and (d) calculated Dd 18Olocal records. The d 18Osw record was retuned to the Sosdian and Rosenthal [2009] age scale and all records were resampled (via linear interpolation) to 5 kyr resolution, detrended, and normalized to unit variance prior to analysis. Wavelet decomposition was performed using the WTC‐16 code [Grinsted et al., 2004]. Color bar shows spectral power in normalized units of variance. Black contour lines show 5% confidence intervals above a modeled first‐order autoregressive red‐noise process. Shaded areas show the cone of interference, within which edge effects become significant. https://scispace.com/papers/the-minerals-industry-of-angola-17sde96na9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-a-n-g-o-l-a-p-r-in-c-ip-a-l-expo-rts-19631973-1987-1yicuolu.png Table 3. A N G O L A : P R IN C IP A L EXPO RTS,1963,1973 & 1987 (current G K z) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-3j933ig9.png Fig . 6 https://scispace.com/papers/the-militarisation-of-aerial-theatre-air-displays-and-15h6o9vrud 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-articles-in-trove-digitised-newspapers-1v45z1q9.png Figure 2: Number of articles in Trove Digitised Newspapers containing the phrases ‘aerial pageant’ or ‘air pageant’ per total number of articles, 1920– 1939. Search performed 26 January 2017. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-articles-in-the-british-newspaper-archive-ra67gcym.png Figure 1: Number of articles in the British Newspaper Archive containing the phrases ‘aerial pageant’ or ‘aerial display’ excluding ‘Hendon’, per total https://scispace.com/papers/the-missing-link-between-financial-constraints-and-56s2qhfn4c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-baseline-results-by-industry-38rpi0cz.png Table 7. Baseline Results, by Industry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-financial-constraints-by-industry-1998-2005-1-zt8wkccj.png Figure 6. Mean Financial Constraints by Industry, 1998-2005 1/ https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ownership-structure-1-2dldw1wp.png Table 1. Ownership Structure 1/ https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-firms-by-year-and-industry-1997-2005-1ef4h1st.png Table 2. Number of Firms by Year and Industry, 1997–2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-19g2fiin.png Table 3. Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-presents-our-baseline-results-to-allow-for-variation-2xu5j00y.png Table 7. Baseline Results, by Industry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-capital-intensity-1997-2005-capital-per-worker-17yefs0i.png Figure 4. Capital Intensity, 1997-2005 (Capital per worker, thousand of Estonian krooni) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-investment-ratio-1997-2005-investment-at-t-divided-1v1o9gog.png Figure 5. Investment Ratio, 1997-2005 (Investment at t divided by total assets at t -1) https://scispace.com/papers/the-minimal-dilatation-of-a-genus-two-surface-c7vlxhb3j6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-characteristic-polynomials-of-degree-6-with-perron-1q374imj.png TABLE 5. Characteristic polynomials of degree 6 with Perron root λ for reciprocal polynomials of degree 6 in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reciprocal-polynomials-of-degree-6-with-the-perron-2opgc1if.png TABLE 1. Reciprocal polynomials of degree 6 with the Perron root 1 < λ < λ∗ ≈ 1.72208 for Type-1 and Type-2 singularities; x3 − x − 1 and x3 − x2 − 1 are the irreducible factors having λ as a root. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-splitting-moves-32hw89rg.png FIGURE 2. Splitting moves. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-simplified-folding-automaton-for-pseudo-anosov-6-2yn71c4n.png FIGURE 1. A simplified folding automaton for pseudo-Anosov 6-braids with a 5-prong singularity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-characteristic-polynomials-of-degree-7-with-perron-1y65qnuc.png TABLE 4. Characteristic polynomials of degree 7 with Perron root λ ≈ 1.46557, where q3(x) = x3 − x2 − 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristic-polynomials-of-degree-7-with-perron-25f65owe.png TABLE 2. Characteristic polynomials of degree 7 with Perron root λ for irreducible and reciprocal polynomials of degree 6 in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristic-polynomials-of-degree-7-with-perron-pj4kznf1.png TABLE 3. Characteristic polynomials of degree 7 with Perron root λ ≈ 1.32472, where p3(x) = x3 − x− 1. https://scispace.com/papers/the-missing-link-creating-value-with-social-media-use-in-18js9kdfql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measurement-items-tfaa0yjr.png Table 3: Measurement items https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-technical-details-of-the-research-23dxtss5.png Table 2: Technical details of the research https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-structural-proposed-model-against-alternative-tue2zhs4.png Table 7: Structural proposed model against alternative statistics model https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-measurement-model-results-2l9cfis3.png Table 4: Measurement-model results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-recent-hospitality-research-examining-the-impact-of-34g4upra.png Table 1: Recent hospitality research examining the impact of Social Media use on performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-discriminant-validity-3by7pb4u.png Table 5: Discriminant validity https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-structural-propose-model-result-direct-indirect-and-26xbs90i.png Table 6: Structural propose model result (direct, indirect, and total effects) https://scispace.com/papers/the-miocene-climatic-optimum-evidence-from-ectothermic-44udvci9xr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-palaeogeographic-map-of-the-middle-miocene-of-europe-2zqde8qo.png Fig. 3. Palaeogeographic map of the Middle Miocene of Europe (after Ro«gl, 1998) showing the subsequent regional extinction of Diplocynodon between palaeolatitudes 38 and 45‡N at 14.0^13.5 Ma (indicated by medium-grey colour) and between palaeolatitudes 30 and 37‡N at about 10 Ma (indicated by dark-grey colour; light-grey colour indicates the distribution of land masses; the working area is hatched; belts of stratovolcanoes are marked by pictograms). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-lower-limits-dotted-line-of-the-mat-the-mwmt-and-the-38ak1jnc.png Fig. 5. Lower limits (dotted line) of the MAT, the mWMT and the mCMT as inferred from the distribution of thermophilic ectothermic vertebrates, and the supposed evolution of the MAT (dashed line) based on palaeobotanical and bauxite occurrence data within the Lower and Middle Miocene of Central Europe (42^45‡N palaeolatitude; data sets, see Appendix 1 in the online version of this paper). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-range-of-the-mat-the-mwmt-and-the-mcmt-within-the-2zrq3hcb.png Table 1 Range of the MAT, the mWMT and the mCMT within the extant distribution of selected thermophilic taxa (after Haller-Probst, 1997). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-miocene-time-scale-after-berggren-et-al-1995-1j2wo3ks.png Fig. 2. Miocene time scale (after Berggren et al., 1995; Steininger, 1999; Daxner-Ho«ck, 2001), litho- and biostratigraphical units of the Bavarian part of the Upper Freshwater Molasse of the NAFB (Bo«hme et al., 2001), distribution of thermophilic ectothermic vertebrates in Central Europe, the supposed evolution of the MAT (this paper, Fig. 5), and the global deep-sea oxygene isotope record (after Zachos et al., 2001). The shaded intervals indicate periods of higher seasonality in precipitation (this paper, Fig. 4). https://scispace.com/papers/the-mitigating-effect-of-bank-financing-on-shareholder-value-2y12olnn1s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mapping-of-alphanumerical-credit-ratings-into-1pwno0se.png Table 1: Mapping of alphanumerical credit ratings into numerical codes https://scispace.com/papers/the-mitochondrial-dna-control-region-might-have-useful-52cyyi8vgp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-frequency-of-somatic-mutations-in-mtmsis-and-non-1hgn1dr4.png Table 3. Frequency of somatic mutations in mtMSIs and non-mtMSI sequence in mtDNA control region. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-common-haplogroup-distribution-in-the-2u13nmz0.png Table 2. Comparison of common haplogroup distribution in the study groups versus healthy controls. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-the-somatic-mtdna-control-region-msi-37vnindz.png Table 4. Summary of the somatic mtDNA control region MSI alterations in 203 benign nodules and 48 papillary thyroid tumors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-influence-of-mtsnps-on-benign-and-malign-thyroid-9s4h6i2z.png Table 1. Influence of mtSNPs on benign and malign thyroid lesions. https://scispace.com/papers/the-misspecification-of-dynamic-regression-models-obrensegs7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-graph-of-the-frequency-response-function-of-the-3kt6zqnq.png Figure 1. The graph of the frequency response function of the low-pass filter -- (1 — 0.85.0-1. The frequency response function of the high-pass filter 0-1(L) = (1 -I- 0.85L)-1 is the mirror image of the graph above. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effects-of-fitting-the-model-1-az-y-t-13x-z-1-e-37fka5d8.png Table 2. The effects of fitting the model (1 az)y(t) = 13x(z)-1- e(z) when the true relationship is y(z) = (1 - 0.85z)-1 x(z) + (1 + 0.85z) 1e(z) and x(t) = (1 + rL)-1 (t) is a first-order autoregressive process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-effects-of-fitting-the-model-1-az-y-z-13o-fliz-x-1bbno3b4.png Table 3. The effects of fitting the model (1 + az)y(z) = (13o fliz)x(z) (1 + pz)e(z) when the true relationship is y(z) = (1 - 0.85z)-1x(z) -1- (1 + 0.854'4z) and x(t) = (t) is white noise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-spectrum-of-the-residual-sequence-from-fitting-7b2xklxc.png Figure 3. The spectrum of the residual sequence from fitting the GTM under L(i). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-graph-of-the-function-s-p-for-the-case-where-hz07k35m.png Figure 2. The graph of the function S(p) for the case where ce2 = c.„2 = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-effects-of-fitting-the-model-1-az-y-z-flx-z-e-z-27aqyyml.png Table 1. The effects of fitting the model (1 + az)y(z) = flx(z) e(z) when the true relationship is y(z) = (1 — 0.85z)-1x(z) + (1 + 0.85z)le(z) and x(t) is white noise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-spectrum-of-the-residual-sequence-from-fitting-1nt8s69y.png Figure 4. The spectrum of the residual sequence from fitting the GTM under L(ii). https://scispace.com/papers/the-mix-of-international-banks-foreign-claims-determinants-rfsvubj6w3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-spanish-banks-foreign-claims-vis-a-vis-other-f2ahvwty.png Table 2: Spanish banks' foreign claims vis-à-vis other countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-u-s-banks-foreign-claims-vis-a-vis-other-countries-tso6mssa.png Table 3: U.S. banks' foreign claims vis-à-vis other countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-robustness-tests-on-the-determinants-of-the-share-of-djd452vj.png Table 6: Robustness tests on the determinants of the share of local to total foreign claims https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-determinants-of-the-share-of-local-to-total-foreign-3stlr4v9.png Table 5: Determinants of the share of local to total foreign claims https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-the-impact-of-the-share-of-u-s-banks-local-foreign-2ea635ua.png Table 9: The impact of the share of U.S. banks' local foreign claims on the volatility of U.S. banks' total foreign claims https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-definition-and-sources-for-the-variables-used-cont-d-2n9v2bqf.png Table 4: Definition and sources for the variables used (cont'd) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-impact-of-the-share-of-spanish-banks-local-a6aqrcic.png Table 8: The impact of the share of Spanish banks' local foreign claims on the volatility of Spanish banks' total foreign claims https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-definition-and-sources-for-the-variables-used-o6jqbspt.png Table 4: Definition and sources for the variables used (cont'd) https://scispace.com/papers/the-modeling-of-the-composition-and-properties-of-functional-2qu3flvmeg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-criterion-of-coherence-of-properties-36ceqt73.png Fig. 4. Criterion of coherence of properties https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-structure-of-two-component-material-based-on-ptfe-1b7e3mr8.png Fig. 2. Structure of two-component material based on PTFE filled: a) fibers; b) disperse filler https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-three-component-material-based-on-ptfe-1dgw5yap.png Fig. 1. Structure of three-component material based on PTFE filled: a) disperse and fibrous inclusions; b)fibrous inclusions of two types https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dependences-of-elasticity-a-viscosity-b-and-plasticity-3r7qtusf.png Fig. 3. Dependences of elasticity (a), viscosity (b) and plasticity (c) of a three-component PTFEcomposite https://scispace.com/papers/the-moderating-role-of-age-in-the-job-characteristics-3ri0ouubeb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-three-way-interaction-between-autonomy-age-and-24w8l41x.png Figure 4. Three-way interaction between autonomy, age and occupational group on absenteeism https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-negative-binomial-regression-testing-the-moderating-2hysckgh.png Table 2– Negative Binomial Regression testing the moderating effects of Age and Occupational Group on the association between Job Characteristics and Absenteeism https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-way-interaction-between-supervisor-support-and-co8igo2f.png Figure 3. Two-way interaction between supervisor support and age on absenteeism https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-way-interaction-between-skill-variety-and-age-qvlnffk9.png Figure 2. Two-way interaction between skill variety and age on absenteeism https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-three-way-interaction-between-colleague-support-age-33jrvok9.png Figure 6. Three-way interaction between colleague support, age and occupational group on absenteeism https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-way-interaction-between-job-demands-and-age-on-181uaclu.png Figure 1. Two-way interaction between job demands and age on absenteeism https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-and-bivariate-correlations-2gpklav4.png Table 1 – Descriptive statistics and bivariate correlations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-three-way-interaction-between-supervisor-support-6nw8yzjl.png Figure 5. Three-way interaction between supervisor support, age and occupational group on absenteeism https://scispace.com/papers/the-moderating-role-of-shopping-trip-type-in-store-jg48w3vrao 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-model-2fo0psdx.png Figure 1: Conceptual model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-relevant-literature-1rjav5li.png Table 1: Overview of relevant literature https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-major-findings-of-this-study-3vdlyvlh.png Table 5: The major findings of this study https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameter-estimates-of-the-customer-satisfaction-1o02ifpb.png Table 4: Parameter estimates of the customer satisfaction model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-store-attribute-factors-and-corresponding-survey-3j95z5e6.png Table 3: Store attribute factors and corresponding survey elements https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-definitions-of-some-key-constructs-used-in-this-1ap0at2c.png Table 2: Definitions of some key constructs used in this study https://scispace.com/papers/the-modified-law-of-effect-explains-the-partial-28kmuezaws 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reinforcement-schedule-for-experiment-2-participants-224x5hxf.png Table 2: Reinforcement schedule for Experiment 2. Participants were randomly assigned to condition AB or condition XY. Trials lasted a total of 7s, but the key was only present on the last 4s. During acquisition, the first presentation of each cue was always reinforced, and the remaining 16 trials were either reinforced 100% of the time or 25% of the time (i.e. 4 reinforced trials). During nonreinforced Y trials, the key was not presented. During extinction, each cue was presented 24 times and the key was always present for all cues. Cue C was included for both condition AB and XY to make the switch from acquisition to extinction more salient and to provide incentive to continue responding in extinction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reinforcement-schedule-for-experiment-1-and-3lx70s7o.png Table 1: Reinforcement schedule for Experiment 1 and simulations. The experiment was entirely within subject and each bird was exposed to 25 trials of each cue. Trials lasted a total of 20s. The first presentation of each cue was always reinforced, and the remaining 24 trials were either reinforced 100% of the time or 25% of the time (i.e. 6 reinforced trials). During nonreinforced Y trials, the key was not presented. During extinction, each cue was presented 24 times and the key was always present for all cues. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-key-pecks-averaged-across-the-4-pigeons-in-348rk1lx.png Figure 4: Key pecks averaged across the 4 pigeons in Experiment 1. Cues A and X were continuously reinforced and cues B and Y were reinforced on 25% of trials but the key was not present on nonreinforced Y trials. Blocks represent two daily sessions. a) Mean number of pecks made to the key on rewarded trials during presentation of each cue during acquisition. b) Mean number of pecks made to the key during the presentation of each cue during extinction. c) Proportion of pecks made to the key during the presentation of each cue as a function of the number of pecks made on the first day of extinction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulated-key-pecks-averaged-across-the-1000-agents-35pt1hc3.png Figure 3: Simulated key pecks averaged across the 1000 agents following the training (upper panel) and extinction (lower panel) treatments of Experiment 1. Cues A and X were continuously reinforced and Cues B and Y were reinforced on 25% of trials but the key was not present on nonreinforced Y trials. Blocks represent two daily sessions in acquisition and one session in extinction. a) Mean number of pecks to the key on rewarded trials during presentation of each cue during acquisition. b) Proportion of pecks to the key during the presentation of each cue as a function of the number of pecks made on the first day of extinction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-key-presses-on-rewarded-trials-averaged-across-20-2cc1tekx.png Figure 5: Key presses on rewarded trials averaged across 20 human participants per condition in Experiment 2. Cues A and X were continuously reinforced and Cues B and Y were reinforced on 25% of trials but the key was not present on nonreinforced Y trials. Blocks include the mean value of key presses from 4 consecutive trials, except for Block 1 of acquisition which only includes the mean value of the first trial. a) Mean number of presses during rewarded trials to the key during presentation of each cue during acquisition for Condition AB. b) Mean number of presses made during rewarded trials to the key during presentation of each cue during acquisition for Condition XY. c) Mean number of pressed made during extinction trials for Condition AB. d) Mean number of presses made during extinction trials for Condition XY. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-associative-structure-of-the-modified-law-of-1x15acup.png Figure 1: The associative structure of the Modified Law of Effect. Excitatory and inhibitory associations form between S-R following either positive or negative outcomes respectively. In addition, there are fixed lateral-inhibitory links between all possible responses that can occur in the presence of the stimulus. Responding to R1 is governed by the net strengths of the excitatory and inhibitory S-R1 associations, as well as lateral inhibition received from other responses. As the activation of S-R1 increases, so too does its lateral inhibition directed at all other responses with which it shares lateral inhibitory connections. https://scispace.com/papers/the-moduli-problem-of-lobb-and-zentner-and-the-colored-31w9mww7oz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-3f96kv8n.png Figure 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-six-moy-moves-1c1o8jo5.png Figure 6. The six MOY moves https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-83rxeq4a.png Figure 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-1b58yzz8.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-28os5fw4.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-moy-resolutions-of-knot-diagrams-2uxus2h0.png Figure 1. MOY resolutions of knot diagrams https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-moy-resolutions-of-a-coloured-knot-diagram-if-i-j-e26fro46.png Figure 3. MOY resolutions of a coloured knot diagram if i > j https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-moy-resolutions-of-a-coloured-knot-diagram-if-i-j-2letihog.png Figure 2. MOY resolutions of a coloured knot diagram if i ≤ j https://scispace.com/papers/the-modern-retail-center-a-study-on-the-new-role-of-retails-50r1ehmhxe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-definition-of-leisure-106-1fodz94w.png Table 2. Definition of Leisure 106 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-koroush-retail-centers-motivation-300-2hn90vq3.png Figure 6. koroush Retail center’s Motivation. 300 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-koroush-retail-centers-time-duration-291-1w8paybv.png Figure 5. Koroush Retail center’s Time Duration 291 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-koroush-rcs-shop-variety-afv1w9jl.png Figure 7. koroush RC’s Shop Variety https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-similarity-and-disparity-of-las-rosas-rc-koroush-rc-31x5t20w.png Table 3. Similarity and Disparity of Las Rosas Rc &Koroush Rc 214 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-europe-shopping-centre-classification-and-typical-3d403q39.png Table 1. Europe shopping centre Classification and typical Characteristics 96 Source: International Council Shopping Center ,2004 (ICSC) 97 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-las-rosas-rcs-shop-variety-3m7hdjp5.png Figure 10.Las Rosas RC’s Shop Variety https://scispace.com/papers/the-molecular-mechanisms-by-which-vitamin-d-improve-glucose-10inc5g2jh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-clinical-trial-evidence-about-insulin-sensitizing-mk2dt94c.png Table 2: Clinical trial evidence about insulin-sensitizing effects of calcitriol https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-evidence-confirming-vitd3-induces-3jnsd49y.png Table 1: Experimental evidence confirming vitD3 induces insulin sensitivity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sequential-steps-in-the-formation-of-the-active-15onhn87.png Figure 1; Sequential steps in the formation of the active form of vitamin D3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-representation-of-insulin-signal-3j7nik2a.png Fig 2; schematic representation of insulin signal transduction (IRSs= insulin receptor substrates, PI3K= Phosphoinositide 3-kinase, PIP2= Phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate, PIP3= Phosphatidylinositol 3, 4, 5-trisphosphate, Akt=protein kinase B, Glut-4= glucose transporter type 4) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-molecular-mechanisms-by-which-vitd3-induces-insulin-2gvnk5sr.png Table 3: Molecular mechanisms by which vitD3 induces insulin sensitivity https://scispace.com/papers/the-money-supply-in-currency-boards-37qjjuf076 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-balance-sheets-3kv83vm6.png Figure 3.1. Balance sheets https://scispace.com/papers/the-more-concentrated-the-better-represented-the-1aqhyskt91 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-2wpe7h3d.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-marginal-effects-of-cio-on-relative-list-position-3bpulvtb.png Figure 1. Marginal effects of CIO on relative list position depending on local share of foreign nationals with 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-2t9rtnps.png Table 2. (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tobit-regression-models-2od1cu7k.png Table 2. (Continued) https://scispace.com/papers/the-more-the-merrier-number-of-reviews-versus-score-on-47gyx19nqy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-spearman-correlation-coefficient-between-ranking-and-108rpaqa.png Table 3. Spearman correlation coefficient between ranking and reviews on TripAdvisor and linear model regression by cities https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-spearman-correlation-coefficient-between-ranking-and-p255kw8k.png Table 4. Spearman correlation coefficient between ranking and reviews on Booking.com and linear model regression by cities https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-selection-1lykjibp.png Table 1. Sample selection https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-spearman-correlation-coefficient-between-ranking-and-3n87qr1f.png Table 2. Spearman correlation coefficient between ranking and reviews on TripAdvisor and on Booking.com and linear model regression and linear model regression https://scispace.com/papers/the-more-important-shade-tree-insects-of-eastern-canada-and-2ciib0llnl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-29-walnut-trees-defoliated-by-caterpillars-after-2znm3vd1.png Fig. 29.—Walnut trees defoliated by caterpillars. (After Hutchings.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-fall-cankerworms-u21hn5kd.png Fig. 12.—Fall cankerworms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-33-leconte-s-black-spots-they-feed-on-the-foliage-of-29or3a2g.png Fig. 33.—LeConte's black spots. They feed on the foliage of pines and have habits pine sawfly similar to those of LeConte's sawfly. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-47-larval-mines-and-pupal-cells-of-poplar-bor-after-33qh8buo.png Fig. 47.—Larval mines and pupal cells of poplar bor< (After Chrysta https://scispace.com/figures/fig-40-work-of-poplar-leaf-beetle-larvae-after-riley-2ajd7xf1.png Fig. 40.—Work of poplar leaf beetle larvae. (After Riley.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-66-spruce-gall-aphid-injury-original-3ogsalza.png Fig. 66.—Spruce gall aphid injury. (Original.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-37-leaves-injured-by-lilac-leaf-miner-original-1ccfpnmw.png Fig. 37.—Leaves injured by lilac leaf-miner. (Original.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-42-life-history-stages-of-june-beetle-a-beetle-b-pupa-c-j9paas62.png Fig. 42.—Life-history stages of June beetle, (a) beetle; (b ) pupa; (c) egg; (d) young grub; (e) full grown grub; (f) anal segment of same from below. (After Chittenden.) https://scispace.com/papers/the-most-recent-common-ancestor-for-y-chromosome-lived-about-35foluxjrg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolutionary-tree-based-on-y-dna-214-populations-3dkslk4y.png Figure 4: Evolutionary tree based on Y-DNA 214 Populations from Africa (AFR), America (AMR), East Asia (EAS), Europe 215 (EUR), West and South Asia (WSA) were used to construct an evolutionary 216 tree based on Y-DNA. The node pointed by the arrow indicates the common 217 ancestor of modern human beings. 218 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evolutionary-tree-based-on-mtdna-208-populations-25k3nbro.png Figure 3: Evolutionary tree based on mtDNA 208 Populations from Africa (AFR), America (AMR), East Asia (EAS), Europe 209 (EUR), West and South Asia (WSA) were used to construct an evolutionary 210 tree based on mtDNA. The node pointed by the arrow indicates the common 211 ancestor of modern human beings. 212 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proportions-of-specific-snps-in-human-mtdna-and-y-20aab5jc.png Figure 1: Proportions of specific SNPs in human mtDNA and Y-DNA 195 The X-axis represents the number of individuals sharing the same SNPs. 196 The Y-axis represents the proportion of SNPs. 197 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-time-to-common-ancestor-for-modern-human-based-1rq0sstc.png Table 1: The time to common ancestor for modern human based on 219 evidence from mtDNA and Y-DNA 220 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-calculation-model-used-in-this-study-200-a-and-1x87ezg1.png Figure 2: Time calculation model used in this study 200 A and B represent two different individuals or groups. Node 1 represents the 201 MRCA of Out-group (O) and A/B. The corresponding divergence time is 202 represented as 𝑇1 . Node 2 indicates the MRCA of A and B, and the 203 corresponding divergence time is indicated as 𝑇2 . If more than two 204 individuals are analysed, the SNP differences between each individual are 205 calculated and then take the average. 206 https://scispace.com/papers/the-morphology-of-ostracod-molt-stages-34pbxjsu91 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-right-third-thoracic-leg-enrolled-upon-itself-35s0lwql.png Fig. 25. Right third thoracic leg enrolled upon itself. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-outer-face-of-left-maxilla-1tu7bv7k.png Fig. 19. Outer face of left maxilla. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-inner-face-of-left-third-thoracic-leg-1t3usspv.png Fig. 24. Inner face of left third thoracic leg. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-abpoh6rv.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-right-half-of-cypridopsis-vidua-gland-l-gland-n-and-1ha1cl32.png Fig. 4. Right half of Cypridopsis vidua. Gland L, gland N, and the genital organs have been removed to show the musculature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4a-labeled-diagram-of-fig-4-tsgsqxmj.png Fig. 4. Right half of Cypridopsis vidua. Gland L, gland N, and the genital organs have been removed to show the musculature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-right-half-of-cypridopsis-vidua-forehead-upper-lip-sqp4ndio.png Fig. 5. Right half of Cypridopsis vidua. Forehead, upper lip, hypostome, digestive system, and the genital organs have been removed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-inner-face-of-left-first-thoracic-leg-showing-the-3ssk93gx.png Fig. 21. Inner face of left first thoracic leg, showing the method of attachment to the hypostome. https://scispace.com/papers/the-mother-infant-feeding-tool-e6vo50ksjq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-includes-the-total-number-of-events-and-the-percent-1w9vq7jw.png Table 4 includes the total number of events and the percent of feeding time (nipple in to nipple out) for a few select behaviors at each of the observation time points (near discharge [Time 1], at 1 month PTA [Time 2], and at 4 months PTA [Time 3]). Mothers spent less time monitoring and more time supporting their infants in an optimal feeding position as the infants grew older. Mothers spent more of the feeding time not focused on the infant or the feeding as the infant grew older. Across all three data collection points mothers rarely talked https://scispace.com/papers/the-mosdef-survey-a-census-of-agn-driven-ionized-outflows-at-3vc9obufm1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-velocity-dispersion-vs-velocity-shift-for-the-j5svabkb.png Figure 1. Velocity dispersion vs. velocity shift for the detected AGN outflows in our sample. The gray dashed lines show constant vmax in units of km s −1, where s= D +v v 2max out∣ ∣ as defined in Rupke & Veilleux (2013). Sources with large velocity offsets have large velocity dispersions, while sources with large velocity dispersions can have small velocity offsets, resulting in the fanshaped distribution observed in nearby AGNs (Woo et al. 2016). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-panel-stellar-mass-histogram-for-all-galaxies-35om443j.png Figure 5. Left panel: stellar mass histogram for all galaxies (black), all AGNs (green), and AGNs with outflows (orange) in the MOSDEF survey. Middle panel: fraction of galaxies that host an AGN (green) and fraction of galaxies that host an AGN and an outflow as a function of stellar mass. Right panel: fraction of AGNs that host an outflow as a function of stellar mass. Both the fraction of galaxies that host an AGN and the fraction of galaxies that host an AGN and an outflow increase with M*. However, the fraction of AGNs that host an outflow is uniform with M*. The increasing trend seen in the middle panel is due to an observational AGN selection bias (see text for details). The right panel shows that given the presence of an AGN, the presence of an outflow is independent of stellar mass. The intrinsic incidence of AGN outflows is thus also independent of M*. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-of-outflow-parameters-with-agn-and-host-3bp0g0va.png Table 2 Correlations of Outflow Parameters with AGN and Host Galaxy Properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-top-mass-outflow-rates-vs-lagn-left-m-middle-and-beotld6w.png Figure 9. Top: mass outflow rates vs. LAGN (left),M* (middle), and SFR (right). Star-forming galaxies are shown with blue points, while quiescent galaxies are shown with red points. Bottom: same as the top panel but for the kinetic power of the outflow. The solid lines show the best-fit log-linear slopes for significant correlations with p-values <1%. The black arrows in the left panels show the systematic effect due to the uncertainty in the value of ne, which can range from 50 to 1000 cm −3. The dotted lines in the top right panel show 100% and 10% of the expected maximum mass-loss rate from stellar feedback by Hopkins et al. (2012). This includes mass loss in all phases, including ionized, neutral, and molecular gas, while the measurements in this study only include ionized gas. The dotted lines in the bottom left panel show the kinetic power equating 100%, 1%, and 0.01% of LAGN. The kinetic power of all of the outflows is below 100% of LAGN and energetically consistent with being AGN-driven. The mass outflow rates of most AGNs exceed 10% of the expected maximum mass-loss rate from stellar feedback. Assuming 10% of the total outflow mass is ionized, these outflows cannot be produced by stellar feedback. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-emission-line-spectra-of-the-agn-with-outflows-for-2cz4ir84.png Figure 13. Emission line spectra of the AGN with outflows. For each source, the left panel shows the Hβ and [O III] emission lines, while the right panel shows the [N II] and Hα emission lines. The black line shows the observed spectrum, and the green line shows the error spectrum. The magenta line shows the best-fit model, while the blue and red lines show the best-fit narrow-line and outflow components, respectively. Note that the wavelength ranges of the [O III] and Hα panels are slightly different, so that the widths of the emission lines in the two panels may appear different. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-bpt-diagram-for-the-narrow-line-component-of-2wiknk2c.png Figure 2. Left: BPT diagram for the narrow-line component of each AGN with an outflow in our sample. The 3σ limits are shown when one emission line flux is not significant above 3σ. Sources where only one line ratio is available are shown as gray points. Middle: same as left panel but for the outflow components in our sample. The line ratios of the outflow components are shifted systematically away from the star formation excitation region. The black solid and dashed lines show the Kauffmann et al. (2003) and Kewley et al. (2013) demarcation lines, respectively. Right: velocity dispersion of the outflow component vs. the [N II]-to-Hα line ratio. If shock excitation is present, a positive correlation should be expected (e.g., Ho et al. 2014; McElroy et al. 2015; Perna et al. 2017b). This is not observed in our sample, suggesting that the outflowing gas is excited by the photoionizing radiation of the AGN rather than shocks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-continued-2fq8pjlv.png Figure 13. Emission line spectra of the AGN with outflows. For each source, the left panel shows the Hβ and [O III] emission lines, while the right panel shows the [N II] and Hα emission lines. The black line shows the observed spectrum, and the green line shows the error spectrum. The magenta line shows the best-fit model, while the blue and red lines show the best-fit narrow-line and outflow components, respectively. Note that the wavelength ranges of the [O III] and Hα panels are slightly different, so that the widths of the emission lines in the two panels may appear different. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-panel-distribution-of-sfr-and-m-for-all-agns-34ljl1se.png Figure 4. Left panel: distribution of SFR and M* for all AGNs in the MOSDEF survey (green points) and the AGNs with detected outflows in our sample (orange points). Black contours show the distribution of all galaxies in the MOSDEF survey. The solid magenta line is the best-fit star-forming main sequence by Shivaei et al. (2015), while the dashed magenta line shows the redshift-dependent demarcation line between star-forming and quiescent galaxies by Aird et al. (2018), shown here for z=2.3. Lower middle panel: histogram of M* for all AGNs (green) and AGNs with outflows (orange). Lower right panel: same as the lower middle panel but for SFR relative to the main sequence. Upper middle panel: fraction of AGNs that host an outflow as a function of M*. Outflows are found to be distributed uniformly with M* among AGNs. However, the incidence of outflows among all galaxies can be different, since AGNs are detected more easily in higher-mass galaxies (see text for details). Upper right panel: same as the upper middle panel but for SFR/SFRMS. Outflows are detected uniformly with SFR/SFRMS among AGNs. https://scispace.com/papers/the-mri-share-database-brain-imaging-in-a-cross-sectional-4t8smzqz3m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-acquisition-parameters-mssz6vfq.png Table 2. Summary of acquisition parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-age-related-variations-in-surface-based-morphometry-1bgws3l4.png Figure 5. Age-related variations in surface-based morphometry. (A) The mean CT, (B) total inner CSA, and (C) total pial CSA are plotted against age, with individual subjects represented as scatter points (left panel: male, right pa- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-group-average-ic-matrices-and-three-rs-fmri-based-tbwsxhut.png Figure 9. Group average IC matrices and three rs-fMRI-based metrics in 1,814 MRi-Share subjects. (A) AICHA atlas-based regional IC matrices computed from rs-fMRI signals with (left) and without (right) global signal regression. The top panel shows the 10 anatomical partitions of 384 AICHA regions, with the color corresponding to the color block between the two IC matrices (Medial F/P: medial fronto-parietal; Medial Occip.: medial occipital; Int.Temp.: internal temporal), displayed with Surf Ice ( ). Voxel-level group average maps of (B) ReHo, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-age-related-variations-in-mean-dti-values-within-2ky1duso.png Figure 7. Age-related variations in mean DTI values within the cerebral WM mask. The mean values of (A) FA, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-group-average-maps-for-dti-and-noddi-metrics-in-3aheqn2p.png Figure 4. Group average maps for DTI and NODDI metrics in 1,823 MRiShare subjects. Average maps of (A) FA, (B) MD, (C) RD, and (D) AD from the DTI modeling, and (E) NDI, (F) ODI, and (G) IsoVF from the NODDI modeling across subjects are shown in the standard MNI space. Colorbar for the FA, NDI, ODI, and IsoVF is shown at the https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-mean-noddi-metrics-within-cerebral-white-8grgl5uv.png Table 5. Summary of mean NODDI metrics within cerebral white matter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-white-matter-volume-and-mean-dti-metrics-1tmj9mht.png Table 4. Summary of white matter volume and mean DTI metrics within cerebral white matter. Descriptive sta- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-group-average-maps-for-structural-images-for-1832-2sr3gtdw.png Figure 3. Group average maps for structural images for 1,832 MRi-Share subjects. Average maps across subjects are shown for (A) T1, (B) FLAIR, (C) mean CT, (D) total inner CSA, (E) total pial CSA , (F) GM tissue map, and (G) WM tissue map. Volumetric images (A, B, F, G) are spatially normalized and in standard MNI space. The tissue probability maps (F and G) are overlaid on the average T1 image, and the color bar at the bottom indicates the group average tissue probability. All volumetric maps were with the MRIcron (v1.0.20190902; https://people.cas.sc.edu/rorden/mricron/). Surface-based metrics (C to E) are projected onto template space, with (C) and (E) projected onto pial surface, and (D) onto white surface of the template, visualized using the Suf Ice (v1.0.20190902; https://www.nitrc.org/ ). https://scispace.com/papers/the-motivational-thought-frequency-scales-for-increased-7xgtns799z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-normative-data-and-reliability-for-the-mtf-pa-and-2ss7jiv6.png Table 4. Normative data and reliability for the MTF-PA and MTF-S https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-confirmatory-factor-analyses-on-the-motivational-2aud53bw.png Table 3. Confirmatory Factor Analyses on the Motivational Thought Frequency scales for Physical Activity (MTF-PA) and Snacking (MTF-S) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-participants-in-studies-1-and-2-2gox3glr.png Table 1. Characteristics of participants in Studies 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/papers/the-motion-of-a-foam-lamella-traversing-an-idealised-bi-s363cp92nn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-geometry-of-the-idealised-bi-conical-pore-witha-1sc9rdjc.png Figure 2: The geometry of the idealised bi-conical pore, witha single lamella shown as a thick line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-lamella-positions-before-and-after-thesymmetric-3npin9y4.png Figure 4: Lamella positions before and after thesymmetric jump withθ = π 5 andǫ = 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pressurevs-volume-graphs-for-the-motion-of-the-349298ur.png Figure 3: Pressurevs. volume graphs for the motion of the lamella through the pore, with θ = π 5 . (a) Symmetric jump, withǫ = 0.10. (b) Asymmetric jump, withǫ = 0.20. (c) Asymmetric crawl, withǫ = 0.36. (d) Smooth traverse, withǫ = 0.46. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-variation-in-the-time-averaged-pressure-drop-for-a-1g62euwo.png Figure 9: Variation in the time-averaged pressure drop for a pore with a sinusoidally curved body. Two different values of(a)ǫ (cf. fig. 8(a)), where here the data covers only the asymmetric jump, and (b)θ cf. fig. 8(b)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-lamella-positions-before-and-after-anasymmetric-3pc6oovx.png Figure 5: Lamella positions before and after anasymmetric jump withθ = π 5 andǫ = 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-lamella-positions-during-an-asymmetric-crawl-withth-2pb6wh74.png Figure 6: Lamella positions during an asymmetric crawl withθ = π 5 andǫ = 0.36. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-variation-in-the-time-averaged-pressure-drop-for-2cw37jlx.png Figure 8: Variation in the time-averaged pressure drop for fixed (a)ǫ or (b)θ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-bubbles-flowing-between-trapped-gas-and-rock-yae1d164.png Figure 1: (a) Bubbles flowing between trapped gas and rock grains in a porous medium. (b) A train of lamellae in an idealised porous medium. https://scispace.com/papers/the-movement-of-the-trunk-and-breast-during-front-crawl-and-atuprilnog 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-camera-locations-on-base-of-swimming-flume-b-1gam1si2.png Figure 1. (a) Camera locations on base of swimming flume (b) trunk local coordinate 560 system (LCS) and swim flume global coordinate system (GCS) definition. 561 https://scispace.com/papers/the-multiple-population-genetic-and-demographic-routes-to-2x8sg7doys 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulations-of-genetic-differentiation-between-two-1edm2520.png Fig. 2. Simulations of genetic differentiation between two simulated populations without gene flow. a) Random sampling of founders and concordant selection. The grey lines represent the resulting genetic differentiation (Fst) on 50 comparisons with different random sampling of founders. The black line illustrates the resulting values for a single founder population. The grey squares on the horizontal axis represent linked loci (θ = 0.0001) and the black rectangles independent ones (θ = 0.5). The dotted vertical lines delimit loci participating in the computation of phenotypes. b) Mean divergence by loci on the 50 founder populations. The black and the grey lines represent divergent selection and concordant selection, respectively. c) Random sampling of founders and divergent selection. The grey lines and the black line represent equal founder populations as in figure 2a, but adding divergent selection to the analysis. d) Levels of heterozygosity in the founder population. Influence of the heterozygosity variance at the beginning of the simulations on the variance of Fst at the end of the simulations. e) Genomic linkage. Effect of the strength of linkage on the formation of a genomic island. Fst values are averaged over the 10 linked loci influencing the computation of phenotypes and using the same starting conditions as the black line in Fig 2c. f) Strong selection at a single, unlinked locus. A single independent locus with a stronger additive effect on the computation of phenotypes (*). All data are presented after 100 generations of independent evolution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-since-divergence-and-gene-flow-a-divergence-292dbtp0.png Fig. 3. Time since divergence and gene flow. a) Divergence without gene flow. The grey squares on the horizontal axis represent linked loci (θ = 0.0001) and the black rectangles unlinked ones (θ = 0.5). The dotted vertical lines delimit the loci participating in the computation of phenotypes. The coloured areas represent a confidence interval at 95% of Fst values, estimated over 50 simulations with randomly assigned genetic identity of individuals at the beginning of the divergence (t = generations). b) Divergence with gene flow. This is similar to the previous figure, but allows for gene flow between populations (m = 0.01). c) Linkage and gene flow. Combined effect of migration rate and recombination rate on the magnitude of a genomic island. The numbers inside the squares represent the difference between mean Fst estimated at the 10 linked loci influencing the computation of phenotypes (i.e. genomic island, positions 150 to 159) and 10 loci not related to fitness and independent (i.e. genomic background, positions 90 to 99). These numbers represent the average difference over the same starting conditions used to estimate the confidence interval of Fig 3a. The data in this last figure are presented after 100 generations of divergent evolution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-parameters-of-the-model-with-default-values-3bmg3j3m.png Table 1. List of parameters of the model with default values https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-factors-influencing-the-patterns-of-genomic-islands-of-2y9sd0h2.png Fig 4. Factors influencing the patterns of genomic islands of divergence. Genomic islands may emerge under the influence of linkage, divergent selection, an interaction between these two factors, or drift depending upon the initial genetic composition of the starting populations (positive effects). Gene flow and time since divergence have an effect on the persistence of islands once formed. Gene flow has an indirect effect by interacting with factors influencing the emergence of this pattern. At early stages of divergence, gene flow can lengthen the time that genomic islands are visible (positive effect), but too high a level of gene flow can erase genomic island patterns (negative effect). The time since divergence has a negative effect on genomic islands, which are more visible under earlier rather than later stages of genomic differentiation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-description-of-the-simulation-framework-a-main-kzwvi4e7.png Fig. 1. General description of the simulation framework. A) Main steps of the general modelling approach. The red polygons represent the starting conditions. The orange squares are the different computing steps on each generation. The green polygon is a condition variable stating either the running of a next generation (blue square) or the end of simulations (olive green circle). B) Relationship between genotypes, phenotypes, and fitness. The genetic variation is represented in different colours. The space between points represents unequal centiMorgan distances. C) Two different fitness functions with different phenotypic optima. D) Example of population size across time. https://scispace.com/papers/the-multiplicity-of-international-corporate-social-4bzcvsah2r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-types-of-csr-standard-multiplicity-and-consequences-23zyzoay.png Table II. Types of CSR standard multiplicity and consequences for standard governance, lead firms and local producers https://scispace.com/papers/the-music-that-people-use-to-sleep-universal-and-subgroup-57nw3ax9gs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-the-audio-features-that-are-accessible-x95q18t5.png Table 2: Overview of the audio features that are accessible through the Spotify API and their descriptions as given by Spotify 50. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-flowchart-of-the-exclusion-procedure-we-acquired-114gjenh.png Figure 3: Flowchart of the exclusion procedure. We acquired 1242 playlist by searching Spotify for sleep keywords. 30 playlist were excluded due to having less than 100 followers, and 215 playlists were excluded due to containing mainly nonmusical audio such as speech, in particular the subgenre called ASMR consisting predominantly of spoken words at whispering levels recorded by using a close miking technique. 69 playlists had ambiguous titles (such as “NO SLEEP”), which were then qualitatively reviewed, leading to 29 exclusions. The final dataset included 989 playlists. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistical-comparison-and-linear-discriminant-3jdhskli.png Table 1: Statistical comparison and linear discriminant analysis of audio features between the Music Streaming Sessions Dataset and the Sleep Playlist Dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-audio-feature-comparisons-between-sleep-music-in-pkqmk3f8.png Figure 1: Audio feature comparisons between sleep music in the SPD (orange) and general music in the MSSD (green). The panels show the individual audio features, illustrated as smoothed density plots with an underlying box plot wherein the vertical line represents the median value, with the associated Cohen’s d for the comparison of sleep music versus general music. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-subgroups-of-sleep-music-a-the-six-1ob8t18y.png Figure 2: Overview of subgroups of sleep music. A: The six clusters’ audio features are here shown in relation to the grand average value. A positive value indicates that the cluster is characterised by a relative increase in the audio feature’s value, and a negative value indicates a relative decrease. B: Decision Tree classification performed on the dataset containing only https://scispace.com/papers/the-muskat-problem-and-related-topics-bhf5ms3pbs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-homogenization-by-increasing-number-figure-5-the-hsv7j292.png Figure 3. Homogenization by increasing number Figure 5. The Muskat problem. of capillaries. Concentration of water s for increasing times (left to right). https://scispace.com/papers/the-mutable-consensus-protocol-32h231u10w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-centralized-mutation-13ca37ms.png Figure 4. Centralized mutation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ring-mutation-1i2bvv02.png Figure 5. Ring mutation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-permutation-gossip-mutation-1ha67px0.png Figure 6. Permutation gossip mutation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-prefixes-of-typical-executions-1ms-ugk4p4g4.png Figure 7. Prefixes of typical executions (1ms). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-performance-of-protocol-mutations-8ksvjona.png Figure 8. Performance of protocol mutations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-protocol-parameters-imvw1nji.png Figure 9. Protocol parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mutable-consensus-2gue4n33.png Figure 1. Mutable consensus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-environment-conditions-e8a5rq0x.png Figure 10. Environment conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/the-n-tuple-bandit-evolutionary-algorithm-for-automatic-game-t5x0fggbsl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-optimized-parameters-of-game-instances-with-the-q87vmqi5.png TABLE II: Optimized parameters of game instances with the highest or lowest average fitness, designed by three algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-space-battle-left-and-space-battle-evolved-right-3vr4hykn.png Fig. 1: Space Battle (left) and Space Battle Evolved (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sorted-average-fitness-values-over-100-evaluations-of-fb49sd72.png Fig. 2: Sorted average fitness values over 100 evaluations of 50 game instances evolved using three different algorithms. The x-axis shows the game indices after sorting. The standard errors are shown as well. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-screenshots-of-the-6-designed-games-evaluated-by-human-1kqx7myj.png Fig. 3: Screenshots of the 6 designed games evaluated by human players and their feedback. The players were not told which games they were playing. The game IDs were issued when analyzing the feedback. The Player A ranked the games as G1L > G3H > G1H > G3L > G2H > G2L in terms of challenge/fun, while the Player B ranked the same games as G2L > G3H > G3L > G1H > G1L > G2H . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-evolvable-parameters-their-value-ranges-and-step-27xdx8nv.png TABLE I: Evolvable parameters, their value ranges and step. https://scispace.com/papers/the-narratives-and-the-supports-remediating-design-culture-3g3cyzkywy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-transmedia-design-translation-chart-the-figure-33ejyren.png Figure 2 Transmedia Design Translation Chart. The figure describes a sample of the different phases and their relation with the overall resources involved. The case illustrated is The Cosmonaut. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-loop-of-convergence-culture-determined-by-the-38yr4gbo.png Figure 1 The loop of convergence culture determined by the continuum between the top-down participation and the bottom-up market strategies in a transmedia production https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-visual-representation-of-the-transmedia-world-11pcbvps.png Figure 3 The visual representation of the transmedia world behind the Cosmonaut. https://scispace.com/papers/the-nanostructure-of-porous-cobalt-coatings-deposited-by-26jcg78spc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-and-b-bright-field-tem-images-of-the-co-coating-1odvkfy0.png Figure 1: (a) and (b) Bright field TEM images of the Co coating at different magnifications. (c) SAED recorded in the middle of the coating and the corresponding radial integrated intensity profile. The vertical lines indicate the interplanar distances of the hexagonal structure of cobalt. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-energy-shift-as-a-function-of-the-inverse-30pjc1li.png Figure 5: Mean energy shift as a function of the inverse radii of the pores. For each point, the errors on the mean energy shift and on the pore size were taken as the standard deviation on the set of pixels selected on the energy shift map and pore thickness map, respectively. The uncertainties for 1/𝑟 were estimated by error propagation. The red line corresponds to the linear fit of the dataset. On the inset are shown some extracted He-K edges for pores of different sizes. The arrow points out the energy shift evolution as the pore size decreases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-eels-spectra-after-processing-recorded-at-1mrhe7az.png Figure 3: (a) EELS spectra (after processing) recorded at different positions of the spectrum image: outside the pore, at the pore border, and in the pore center. The blue rectangles define the two windows used for fitting the Co plasmon background on both side of the He-K edge. (b) He-K signal obtained after subtraction of the plasmon contribution. (c) STEM-HAADF image recorded over one pore of the coating. (d) He-K intensity map 𝐼𝐻𝑒. (e) He-K energy shift map 𝛥𝐸𝐻𝑒. (f) He density map 𝑛𝐻𝑒. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-energy-shift-of-the-he-1s-2p-transition-as-a-j511va5m.png Figure 4: Mean energy shift of the He 1s→2p transition as a function of the mean He density measured in various pores. The red line corresponds to the linear fit of our data set. The dashed grey line is a general law given by Fréchard et al. (Fréchard et al., 2009) that is plotted for comparison. For each point, the error on the mean energy shift was taken as the standard deviation on the set of pixels selected on the energy shift map. The uncertainty on 𝑛𝐻𝑒 was estimated by error propagation, assuming the errors on 𝐼𝑍𝐿𝑃 and 𝜎𝐻𝑒 are negligible as compared with the errors on 𝐼𝐻𝑒 (estimated from the residual of the Gaussian fit) and ℎ (standard deviation of the selected pixels in the pore thickness map). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-low-loss-eels-spectra-recorded-inside-2aa1utxp.png Figure 2: Comparison of low-loss EELS spectra recorded inside and outside one pore: across the pore, an extra peak corresponding to the He-K edge appears on top of the Co plasmon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-mean-density-and-b-mean-pressure-of-he-inside-the-2szp9xuq.png Figure 6: (a) Mean density and (b) mean pressure of He inside the pores as a function of their inverse radii. The red lines correspond to the linear fit of the datasets. The dashed green line on (b) shows the theoretical linear relation for elastic deformation of the cobalt matrix. For each point, the uncertainties for 𝑛𝐻𝑒 were https://scispace.com/papers/the-nakayama-automorphism-of-the-almost-calabi-yau-algebras-4r5xdy118f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-graph-d-9-31mxnqlb.png Figure 8: Graph D(9) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-graph-e-8-figure-12-graph-e-8-3f6t25ni.png Figure 11: Graph E (8) Figure 12: Graph E (8)∗ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagram-ei-tn-27fio15v.png Figure 1: diagram Ei ∈ Tn https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-labelled-graph-e-24-o27nf59h.png Figure 15: Labelled graph E (24) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-and-right-cups-left-and-right-caps-33omk3rt.png Figure 4: left and right cups; left and right caps https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-incoming-and-outgoing-y-forks-incoming-and-outgoing-30ygbjbf.png Figure 5: incoming and outgoing Y-forks; incoming and outgoing inverted Y-forks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-graphs-a-7-a-8-figure-10-graph-d-7-2f3pf2eg.png Figure 9: Graphs A(7)∗, A(8)∗ Figure 10: Graph D(7)∗ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-graphs-e-12-1-and-e-12-2-3r22nowi.png Figure 13: Graphs E (12)1 and E (12) 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-national-landslide-database-of-great-britain-acquisition-ya1cdlenep 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-uk-precipitation-source-met-office-and-reported-pf0v1bzx.png Figure 1 UK precipitation [Source: Met Office] and reported landslides (including slope failures on manmade slopes): January 2012 to December 2014. Social media were incorporated into the data acquisition methods from August 2012 onwards. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simplified-map-of-landslide-potential-geosure-bgs-c-1i7sfwui.png Figure 4 Simplified map of landslide potential (GeoSure). BGS © NERC 2015. All rights reserved. Contains Ordnance Survey data (coastline) © Crown copyright and database right 2015. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-screen-dump-of-page-1-of-the-national-landslide-2w8qqf5g.png Figure 3 Screen dump of Page 1 of the National Landslide Database pro-forma for an example landslide in Bath, England (taken from Foster et al. 2012). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-landslide-domain-name-and-summary-after-dashwood-et-2lpagmcm.png Table 1 Landslide domain name and summary (after Dashwood et al. in press). https://scispace.com/papers/the-natural-diversity-and-ecology-of-fission-yeast-36nfgjesht 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-schizosaccharomyces-in-field-microbiology-321-17psrtfu.png Table 1. Schizosaccharomyces in field microbiology 321 https://scispace.com/papers/the-national-security-argument-for-protection-of-domestic-2oslgbr95r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1tz8600b.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-figure-3-1t7a4w7q.png Figure 2 Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cfius-covered-transactions-by-country-2005-2015-2dwztjtk.png Table 1: CFIUS’ Covered Transactions by Country, 2005-2015 https://scispace.com/papers/the-nature-and-efficacy-of-culturally-adapted-psychosocial-2cksliyefz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-42-standard-care-41-nr-15nnrw0a.png FIG: 42 Standard care: 41 NR https://scispace.com/figures/fig-34-standard-care-zsz7wxhk.png FIG: 34 Standard care - https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-5-cg-24-1-chinese-medical-association-2r840a9a.png FIG: 23.5; CG: 24.1 Chinese medical association https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-forest-plot-of-effect-of-culturally-adapted-2s7t8z2g.png Figure 2. Forest plot of effect of culturally-adapted psychosocial interventions compared to control on total symptom severity post-treatment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-132-cg1-medication-treatment-2oan1dp0.png FIG: 132 CG1: Medication treatment: https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3pbr2jgh.png Table 1: https://scispace.com/papers/the-nature-of-faint-spitzer-selected-dust-obscured-galaxies-28jmzla90m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bzk-color-color-plot-for-dogs-in-goods-n-the-diagonal-kv1vo85x.png Fig. 2.—BzK color-color plot for DOGs in GOODS-N. The diagonal line separates active galaxies at z ¼ 1:4Y2:5 (above line, Daddi et al. 2004). Squares and triangle represent the GOODS-N DOGs, where the different symbols show the mid-IR SF and AGN classified DOGs (see x 3.3). [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-x-ray-stacking-of-dogs-2e5ujc4u.png TABLE 2 X-Ray Stacking of DOGs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-composite-sedof-sfdogs-we-fit-the-average-fluxes-2mad2xwa.png Fig. 5.—Composite SEDof SFDOGs:we fit the average fluxes ( filled symbols) of SF DOGs to the CE01+Draine models (solid curve). The dotted curve is a normalized (divided by a factor of 8) composite SED for SMGs (Pope et al. 2008), and the dashed curve is the scaled SMGcompositewith additional hot (T ¼ 350K) dust. The short horizontal lines indicate the 5 depths of the planned deep surveys at 100 and 450 m with Herschel PACS and SCUBA-2 and show that the majority of DOGs will be detected by these surveys. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-flux-densities-of-goods-n-sf-dogs-2qzsy6gg.png TABLE 3 Average Flux Densities of GOODS-N SF DOGs https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-multiwavelength-detections-of-dogs-3vcoc21u.png TABLE 1 Multiwavelength Detections of DOGs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-s24-sr-as-a-function-of-r-k-color-fordogs-andsmgs-2euu438f.png Fig. 1.—S24 /SR as a function of R K color forDOGs andSMGs inGOODS-N. The dashed line indicates the DOG selection criteria, while the dotted line shows the additional color constraint in Fiore et al. (2008). At least 90% of DOGs and 20% of SMGs meet the Fiore et al. (2008) criteria (30% of SMGs are classified as DOGs). [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spitzer-color-color-diagram-used-to-separate-the-sf-8o5a9hbd.png Fig. 4.—Spitzer color-color diagram used to separate the SF- and AGNdominated DOGs. Large circles represent the DOGs with S24 > 300 Jy, and small circles represent DOGs with S24 ¼ 100Y300 Jy. Open squares and diamonds represent DOGs with IRS spectra classified as SF and AGN dominated, respectively. Based on DOGs with IRS spectra we classify SF DOGs as having S8:0 /S4:5 < 2 (vertical dashed line); 80% of DOGs satisfy this criterion. The colors of M82 (starburst galaxy; Förster Schreiber et al. 2003) and Mrk 231 (AGN-dominated ULIRG; Rigopoulou et al. 1999) as a function of redshift are plotted as the dotted and dashed curves, respectively, with the numbers corresponding to the redshift. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-redshift-distribution-for-goods-n-dogs-using-the-pope-2jvejs66.png Fig. 3.—Redshift distribution for GOODS-N DOGs using the Pope et al. (2006) photometric redshift estimator (thin solid distribution). The thick solid histogram shows the DOGs with IRS spectroscopic redshifts. The dotted curve is the Gaussian fit to the photometric redshifts, which gives zh i ¼ 2:0 0:3. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/papers/the-nature-of-the-foreign-listing-premium-a-cross-country-151y4n0sb2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-impact-of-the-rule-of-law-on-valuation-of-u-s-and-1h9pqkgu.png Table 8 Impact of the “Rule of Law” on valuation of U.S. and non-U.S. firms listed abroad https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-changes-in-firm-valuation-around-the-listing-for-3q3wsd0p.png Figure 1. Changes in firm valuation around the listing for the top ten home markets. The figure presents the Tobin’s Q valuation premium for firms from the top ten home markets. Diamond thick curve denotes listing premium without firm valuation control. Circled thin curve denotes listing premium with firm valuation control. The plot covers the period from five or more years bore the listing to five or more years after the listing. Year -5 denotes a period prior to five years before the listing, while year 5 denotes five or more years after the listing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-foreign-listings-of-u-s-firms-in-392joa37.png Table 2 Distribution of foreign listings of U.S. firms in 1985-2006 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-2vf6hfxr.png Table 1 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-the-time-series-of-the-value-premium-around-foreign-2h1s2zb6.png Table 9 The time series of the value premium around foreign listing https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-continued-10hqln0p.png Table 5 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-foreign-listing-premium-for-u-s-firms-1421hjcy.png Table 11 Foreign listing premium for U.S. firms https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-foreign-listing-premium-for-the-top-ten-home-markets-2a0bqhb3.png Table 5 (continued) https://scispace.com/papers/the-nature-of-transannular-interactions-in-e4n4-and-e8-2-e-s-3jgfpcpg0y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-electron-localization-functions-of-a-s4n4-and-b-1014obso.png Figure 4. The electron localization functions of a) S4N4 and b) S82+ (isosurface value 0.7). Color code: core (red), monosynaptic (blue), disynaptic (green). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-deviations-between-the-calculated-and-experimental-205w0dfy.png Figure 2. Deviations between the calculated and experimental bond lengths (in Ångströms) for a) S4N4; b) Se4N4; c) S82+ and d) Se82+. All data calculated in the gas phase. Color code: EN and EE bond lengths (red); E···E bond lengths (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-most-important-fractionally-occupied-qcisd-t-14g4k3z9.png Figure 3. The most important fractionally occupied QCISD(T) natural orbitals of a) E4N4 and b) E82+ (E = S, Se) along with their occupancies (isosurface value ±0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-x-ray-structures-of-e4n4-and-e82-e-s-btmogzy4.png Figure 1. Experimental X-ray structures of E4N4 and E82+ (E = S, Se). Average bond lengths are given in Ångströms.5,7,8,17,19 https://scispace.com/papers/the-nature-of-the-perceptual-representation-for-decision-2n00ig3zqr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-task-and-results-for-experiment-2-a-the-task-in-3rcw7oc4.png Fig. 5 Task and results for Experiment 2. a The task in Experiment 2 was similar to Experiment 1 except for using six different symbols (question mark, pound sign, dollar sign, percentage sign, plus sign, and greater-than sign) instead of four different colors. One of the symbols was presented more https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-task-and-results-for-experiment-3-a-the-same-stimuli-187jym07.png Fig. 6 Task and results for Experiment 3. a The same stimuli as in Experiment 2 were used in Experiment 3 but the task was slightly different. Subjects always reported the dominant symbol among all six alternatives. However, on 40% of the trials in which they gave a wrong answer, subjects were given the opportunity to make a second guess. b Mean accuracy for the second answer observed in the actual data (white bar), predicted by the population model (light gray bar), predicted by the Summary & Random Choice model (dark gray bar), and predicted by the Summary & Strategic Choice model (black bar). The predictions of the three models were derived based on subjects’ first answers. All p values are derived from two-sided paired t tests. Error bars https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sensory-and-decision-level-representations-for-36k6th09.png Fig. 1 Sensory and decision-level representations for multiple alternatives. a Illustration of decision making with multiple discrete alternatives. In cases where a subject has to choose between multiple discrete alternatives (e.g., options A, B, and C), a stimulus can be assumed to give rise to a sensory https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-task-for-experiment-1-each-trial-consisted-of-a-3pjn3toz.png Fig. 2 Task for Experiment 1. Each trial consisted of a fixation period (500ms), stimulus presentation (500ms), and untimed response period. The stimulus comprised of 49 circles each colored in one of four different colors (red, green, blue, and white). One of the colors (white in this example) was presented more frequently (16 circles; dominant color) than the other colors (11 circles each; nondominant colors). The task was to indicate the dominant color. Two conditions were presented in different blocks. In the four-alternative condition, subjects chose between all four colors. In a separate two- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-task-and-results-for-experiment-4-which-uses-stimuli-3mwpy6m0.png Fig. 7 Task and results for Experiment 4 which uses stimuli on a continuous scale. a Three sets of dots moved in three different directions separated by 120°. Similar to Experiments 1–3, one of the three sets of dots had more dots (i.e., dominant direction) compared to the other two sets (i.e., nondominant directions). Each trial began with a fixation cross followed by the moving dot stimulus presented for 500ms. The response screen was presented https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-predictions-of-the-two-models-for-choices-in-the-two-3237s1s9.png Fig. 3 Predictions of the two models for choices in the two-alternative condition. The population model (left panels) assumes that decision-making circuits have access to the activity levels associated with each of the four colors (four gray bars), whereas the summary model (right panels) assumes that decision-making circuits only have access to the highest activity level (single gray bar). In all examples, the dominant circle is white, and subjects are given a choice between white and green. a When the highest activity happens to be at the dominant color, both models predict that the subject would correctly choose the dominant color. b When the highest activity happens to be at the alternative color, both models predict that the subject would incorrectly https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparisons-between-the-population-and-summary-models-1qplf7dg.png Fig. 4 Comparisons between the population and summary models in Experiment 1. a Mean accuracy in the two-alternative condition observed in the actual data (white bar), and predicted by the population (light gray bar) and summary (dark gray bar) models. The predictions for both models were https://scispace.com/papers/the-nearby-supernova-factory-13ku31onv6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-distribution-of-discovery-epoch-for-the-sne-ia-2flsw0hh.png Fig. 3. The distribution of discovery epoch for the SNe Ia with determined dates of maximum found in the SNfactory dataset compared with the simulations described in the text. The model curves are not calculated in absolute units and have been scaled for comparison with the observations. As the model curves show, a shorter cadence gives fewer supernovae but better constraints on the epoch at discovery. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-snfactory-is-operating-in-the-sweet-spot-redshift-28tag0er.png Fig. 2. The SNfactory is operating in the “sweet spot” redshift range between peculiar-velocity noise and cosmological uncertainty. The SNfactory curve is the redshift distribution of supernovae found and spectroscopically confirmed in our search to date scaled up to 100 SNe/year. The velocity error is for an assumed 300 km/s velocity dispersion. The cosmology error is modeled as the difference between an Einstein-de Sitter cosmology and a Universe with ΩM = 0.3 and ΩΛ = 0.7. https://scispace.com/papers/the-need-for-culturally-competent-care-within-3ixneyzxgq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-country-of-birth-of-study-sample-1vxpc33p.png Table 1: Country of birth of study sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ethnic-group-of-study-sample-lgnttl80.png Table 2: Ethnic group of study sample https://scispace.com/papers/the-need-to-freeze-dehydration-during-specimen-preparation-34gbqyfzwv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-beamlines-used-for-sxt-gw2khg5h.png Table 1. Comparison of beamlines used for SXT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-glycocalyx-dimensions-in-different-1fwd0zag.png Table 2. Comparison of glycocalyx dimensions in different tissues by using different fixation methods. Dimensions quantified by using TEM. SD: Standard deviation; ND: Not determined. https://scispace.com/papers/the-nef-protein-of-the-macrophage-tropic-hiv-1-strain-ad8-1pu6oyct2j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-hiv-1-ad8-nef-antagonises-tetherin-by-enhanced-1jwzio6k.png Figure 6. HIV-1 AD8 Nef antagonises tetherin by enhanced internalisation and perinuclear accumulation. (A) HEK cells expressing s- or l-tetherin were transfected with AD8 Nef or a control plasmid for two days then fixed and stained for intracellular tetherin. Single confocal sections from a representative experiment are shown. Scale bars = 15 µm. The graph shows accumulation of tetherin in a TGN46-positive perinuclear region in AD8 Nef-expressing cells. All values are normalised to mock-transfected cells, so that a value of 1 indicates no tetherin enrichment. The data show the average of three independent experiments ± SEM with relevant p-values; (B) AD8 Nef- or mock-transfected HeLa cells were immunolabelled for tetherin on ice and shifted to 37 ◦C for various times. Residual cell surface tetherin antibody was then revealed by immunostaining on ice with a fluorescent secondary antibody. Cells were fixed, permeabilised, immunostained for Nef and analysed by flow cytometry. The three left-hand panels show the result from a representative experiment for mock-transfected cells or AD8 Nef-transfected cells that did (Nef-pos) or did not (Nef-neg) express Nef. The right-hand panel shows the average endocytic rates from four independent experiments ± SEM during the first 30 min at 37 ◦C with relevant p-values. Endocytic rates were derived from the regression analysis shown in Figure S2B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hiv-1-ad8-nef-reduces-cell-surface-tetherin-levels-1a8fzutt.png Figure 2. HIV-1 AD8 Nef reduces cell surface tetherin levels and tethered virions. ( ) AD8 Vpu, Env, or Nef were transfected into e a cells f r t ays. Cell surface tetherin levels were quantified by im unolabelling the restri ti f t ice rior to formaldehyde fixation, cell permeabilisation, im unolabelling for Vp , e ling with fluorescent secondary antibodies and flow cytometry. Mock-transfecte nolabe led with anti-VSVG as a control. Th left-hand panel shows the result from a repre eri ent; the right-hand panel shows the average relative tetherin le thr e independent experiment ± st ndard error of the mean (SEM); (B) cell surface tetherin l vels of VSVG-pseudotyped AD8-inf cted or uninfected HeLa cells were quantified by flow cytometry. i fecte cells were immunolabelled with anti-HRP as a staining control. The left-hand panel sho s the result fro a representative experiment; the right-hand panel shows the average relative tetherin levels from four independent experiments ± SEM with relevant p-values; (C) cell surface Env levels of VSVG-pseudotyped AD8-infected or uninfected HeLa cells were quantified by flow cytometry. The upper panels and lower left-hand panel show the results from a representative experiment; the lower right-hand panel shows the average relative Env levels from four independent experiments ± SEM with relevant p-values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-n-and-c-terminal-s-contribute-to-hiv-1-ad8-nefs-an-3myannj7.png Figure 5. N- and C-terminal s contribute to HIV-1 AD8 Nef’s an i-tetherin activity. HeLa cells were t ansfect d with AD8 Nef, HIV-1 NL4.3 Nef or chimeric Nef proteins that contained the N-terminal 85 r sidues of AD8 Nef and the C-terminal 122 residues of NL4.3 Nef (AD8- . ef) or vice versa (NL4.3-AD8 Nef). Two days post-transfection, cell surface tetherin levels were quantified by flow cytometry. Mock-transfected cells were immunolabelled with anti-HRP as a staining control. The left-hand panel shows the results of a representative experiment; the right-hand panel shows the average relative tetherin levels from four independent experiments ± SEM with relevant p-values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-hiv-1-ad8-nef-antagonises-tetherin-by-enhanced-28wnml5v.png Figure 6. HIV-1 AD8 Nef antagonises tetherin by enhanced internalisation and perinuclear accumulation. (A) HEK cells expressing s- or l-tetherin were transfected with AD8 Nef or a control plasmid for two days then fixed and stained for intracellular tetherin. Single confocal sections from a representative experiment are shown. Scale bars = 15 µm. The graph shows accumulation of tetherin in a TGN46-positive perinuclear region in AD8 Nef-expressing cells. All values are normalised to mock-transfected cells, so that a value of 1 indicates no tetherin enrichment. The data show the average of three independent experiments ± SEM with relevant p-values; (B) AD8 Nef- or mock-transfected HeLa cells were immunolabelled for tetherin on ice and shifted to 37 ◦C for various times. Residual cell surface tetherin antibody was then revealed by immunostaining on ice with a fluorescent secondary antibody. Cells were fixed, permeabilised, immunostained for Nef and analysed by flow cytometry. The three left-hand panels show the result from a representative experiment for mock-transfected cells or AD8 Nef-transfected cells that did (Nef-pos) or did not (Nef-neg) express Nef. The right-hand panel shows the average endocytic rates from four independent experiments ± SEM during the first 30 min at 37 ◦C with relevant p-values. Endocytic rates were derived from the regression analysis shown in Figure S2B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-nef-proteins-of-different-hiv-strains-show-hxu21pkt.png Figure 7. The Nef proteins of different HIV strains show varying degrees of anti-tetherin activity. HeLa cells were transfected with IRES GFP plasmids encoding Nef proteins from a number of HIV strains, and cell surface tetherin levels were quantified by flow cytometry. Mock-transfected cells were immunolabelled with anti-HRP as a staining control. The upper panels and lower left-hand panel show the result from a representative experiment; the lower right-hand panel shows the average relative tetherin levels from four independent experiments ± SEM. https://scispace.com/papers/the-negative-correlation-between-tnbc-mutation-frequency-and-ckw7z3d2bl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1hhke00q.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-oh86hia5.png Figure 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-7cpeljoj.png Figure 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2wb3gag6.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1gksq6cw.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-boh9k8yl.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2wr4rotu.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-netherlands-as-a-laboratory-of-knowing-introduction-to-4co5q82o3x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-1-2a-1-2b-two-nineteenth-century-depictions-of-the-2rhhp5vu.png Figures 1.2a–1.2b Two nineteenth-century depictions of the Leiden Observatory. The contrasting images nicely illustrate diffferent views of ‘the https://scispace.com/papers/the-net-generation-and-e-textbooks-4o037eoylf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gender-exactprice-crosstabulation-170lpcv9.png Figure 2 Gender * exactprice Crosstabulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experience-gender-crosstabulation-1h1myo07.png Figure 1 Experience * Gender Crosstabulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gender-moreprice-crosstabulation-1qyl1cjf.png Figure 3 Gender * moreprice Crosstabulation https://scispace.com/papers/the-neural-based-segmentation-of-cursive-words-using-1k3kbnchoa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-ehs-algorithm-168yvubf.png Figure 1. Overview of EHS algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-the-improved-neuralbased-segmentation-1hmccw5x.png Figure 2. Overview of the improved, neuralbased segmentation technique https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overall-results-of-the-neural-based-segmentation-defftvar.png Table 2: Overall results of the neural-based segmentation technique (1031 segmentation points) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sample-word-images-segmented-by-the-enhanced-24me83bn.png Figure 5: Sample word images segmented by the enhanced feature-based heuristic segmenter. (a), (b), (c) successful words. (d), (e), (f) unsuccessful words. https://scispace.com/papers/the-neural-bases-of-difficult-speech-comprehension-and-3ubxsku3l2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-experiments-included-in-meta-analysis-2-speech-3ajubsvh.png Table III. Experiments included in meta-analysis 2 (speech production). All included studies contrasted speech production with a condition in which no speech was produced. FWHM: Full-Width Half Maximum in millimeters (mm). https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-meta-analysis-2-for-studies-using-production-of-pre-2yd7s7ro.png Table V. Meta-analysis 2 for studies using production of pre-lexical and post-lexical speech items separately: activated clusters for all included studies, including number of contributing foci ([]). SMA: Supplementary Motor Area, TTG: Transverse Temporal Gyrus. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-experiments-included-in-meta-analysis-1-difficult-hbc79884.png Table I. Experiments included in meta-analysis 1 (difficult speech comprehension). All included studies contrasted comprehension of less intelligible speech with more intelligible speech. FWHM: Full-Width Half Maximum in millimeters (mm). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-meta-analysis-2-activated-clusters-for-all-included-1evie1fk.png Table IV. Meta-analysis 2: activated clusters for all included studies, including number of contributing foci ([]). IFG/PO: Inferior Frontal Gyrus/ Pars Opercularis; (pre-)SMA: Supplementary Motor Area, STG: Superior Temporal Gyrus; STS: Superior Temporal Sulcus. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-meta-analysis-1-difficult-speech-comprehension-11qwylt8.png Table II. Meta-analysis 1 (difficult speech comprehension): activated clusters for all included studies, including number of contributing foci ([]). MTG: Middle Temporal Gyrus; pre-SMA: anterior Supplementary Motor Cortex, STS: Superior Temporal Sulcus. https://scispace.com/papers/the-neural-correlates-of-similarity-and-rule-based-4g24ovrxsv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-brain-regions-engaged-by-the-similarity-379s8awy.png Figure 9. (A) Brain regions engaged by the similarity responders for the familiar items during test. (B) Brain regions engaged by the rule-based responders for the familiar items during test. (C) Brain regions commonly engaged by the similarity- and rule-based responders for the familiar items during test. The coordinates indicate the origin for the image displayed. Lighter colors indicate higher z scores. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-brain-regions-activated-across-all-trials-and-all-lau34fno.png Figure 4. (A) Brain regions activated across all trials and all participants during training. (B) Regions activated by correct responses by the rule group during training. (C) Regions activated by correct responses in the similarity group during training. (D) Common brain regions activated by correct responses in the similarity and rule groups. The coordinates indicate the origin for the image displayed. Lighter colors indicate higher z scores. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regions-commonly-activated-by-rule-based-and-1ztcekko.png Table 2. Regions Commonly Activated by Rule-based and Similarity-based Generalization in the Critical Generalization Trials https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-brain-regions-more-activated-by-the-rule-based-316kibgf.png Figure 7. (A) Brain regions more activated by the rule-based responders than similarity responders for the critical trials. (B) Brain regions more activated by similarity responders than rule-based responders for the critical trials. The coordinates indicate the origin for the image displayed. Lighter colors indicate higher z scores. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-training-and-test-trial-types-in-the-shanks-and-34vfvg8f.png Figure 1. The training and test trial types in the Shanks and Darby (1998, Experiment 2) allergy prediction task; letters indicate foods eaten by a hypothetical patient Mr. X, + = patient develops an allergic reaction; − = patient does not develop an allergy reaction; ? = no feedback given. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-brain-regions-significantly-activated-by-6u4cprjv.png Figure 6. (A) Brain regions significantly activated by similarity responders during the critical trials. (B) Brain regions significantly activated by rule-based responders during the critical trials. (C) Common brain regions activated by similarity- and rule-based responders during the critical trials. The coordinates indicate the origin for the image displayed. Lighter colors indicate higher z scores. https://scispace.com/papers/the-neural-representation-of-the-gender-of-faces-in-the-4a0fp0kakf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameters-for-sigmoid-activation-function-27b4gcgy.png Table 4: Parameters for Sigmoid activation function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-multiple-cell-information-measures-for-both-1lmfkonv.png Figure 10: Multiple cell information measures for both simulations of Experiment 2, in which the network is trained and tested with three different views (0° (straight ahead), turned 45° and turned 90° of rotating faces. Conventions as for Figure 7. There is a large increase in the multiple cell information carried by the fourth layer cells after training. After training, the multiple cell information rapidly asymptotes to the maximum of 1 bit for both simulations with only a few (1 to 4) cells included in the analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-analysis-of-the-facial-features-represented-by-3s2mb9i3.png Figure 11: Analysis of the facial features represented by input Gabor filters that drive gender selective output neurons after training in the first simulation of Experiment 2. Conventions as for Figure 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-multiple-cell-information-measures-for-experiment-1-e9ors2az.png Figure 7: Multiple cell information measures for Experiment 1. The plots show the amount of multiple cell information when a given number of fourth layer cells are included in the analysis, and thus the number of cells required to reach maximal information of 1 bit. The trained network is represented by the solid line, while the untrained network is represented by the dotted line. We see a marked improvement of the network after training. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-analysis-of-the-facial-features-represented-by-eiip02bb.png Figure 8: Analysis of the facial features represented by input Gabor filters that drive gender selective output neurons after training in the first simulation of Experiment 1. Starting from a gender (male or female) discriminating neuron in the output (fourth) layer, we select the connections from the previous layer that have the highest weights, repeating this process until the connections reach the Gabor filters in the retina. We repeated this procedure for the top ten male selective neurons and top ten female selective neurons. This analysis enabled us to determine the features in a face which permit gender to be discriminated. Plot (a) shows these facial features averaged over the output neurons that respond selectively to male faces. Plot (b) shows similar results averaged over the output neurons that respond to female faces. Plot (c) is the difference between plots (a) and (b), thus showing the facial features which actually distinguish gender. The red and blue colours in plot (c) represent the female and male features respectively. Areas of no colour represent face regions containing no gender-specific features. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-for-gabor-input-filters-6vdg4pfp.png Table 2: Parameters for Gabor input filters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-som-parameters-9wti6iv9.png Table 3: SOM parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distributions-of-gender-values-used-to-construct-1njmkwjc.png Figure 4: Distributions of gender values used to construct the face images in simulations that included more gender-ambiguous faces. Left: distribution of gender values chosen for Experiment 1, Simulation 2. Right: distribution of gender values chosen for Experiment 2, Simulation 2. These distributions are more realistic in that they include a significant proportion of more gender-ambiguous faces between the extreme gender values of -4 (very female) and 4 (very male). https://scispace.com/papers/the-neuropeptides-galanin-and-galanin-1-15-in-depression-4k6dirriey 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effects-of-galanin-receptor-ligands-and-genetic-3m9gdcot.png Table 1. Effects of Galanin receptor ligands and genetic animal models in rodent test of depression. FST: Forced Swimming Test; TST: Tail Suspension Test; OFT: Open Field Test; EPM: Elevated Plus Maze; L/D Test: Ligth-Dark test; VTA: Ventral Tegmentar Area; i.c.v.: intracerebroventricular; i.p.: intraperitoneal; i.v.: intravenous; KO: Knock Out; KD: Knock Down; : pro-depressive effect; 0: no effect; : antidepressant effec; *: anxiogenic effect. https://scispace.com/papers/the-neuroprotective-effect-of-2-3-pyridyl-1-azabicyclo-3-2-2-4o087lq4av 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ach-and-tc-1698-coapplication-responses-of-4-2-nachr-a-2qqbhqdt.png Fig. 3. ACh and TC-1698 coapplication responses of 4 2 nAChR. A, effect of coapplication of 1 M TC-1698 on the response inhibition of an oocyte expressing human 4 2 receptors. On the left is shown the response to 30 M ACh alone. On the right is the response of the same oocyte to 30 M ACh plus 1 M TC-1698. B, inhibition curve for the effect of increasing concentrations of TC-1698 on the responses of 4 2-expressing oocytes to the application of 30 M ACh coapplied with TC-1698. Each point is the mean response of at least three cells ( S.E.M.). Each measurement is expressed relative to the ACh control response measured in the same cell before the coapplication of ACh and TC-01698. C, peak responses to high concentrations of ACh are relatively unaffected by coapplication of TC-1698. On the left is shown the response to 1 mM ACh alone. On the right is the response of the same oocyte to 1 mM ACh plus 1 M TC-1698. D, effect of 1 M TC-1698 on the inhibition of responses to varying concentrations of ACh coapplied to oocytes expressing human 4 2 receptors. Data are normalized to the responses of the same oocytes to ACh alone applied at the indicated concentrations. Each bar is the mean response of at least three cells ( S.E.M.). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-effects-of-shp-1-antisense-on-tc-1698-induced-1nd2f6ew.png Fig. 8. Effects of SHP-1 antisense on TC-1698-induced protection against A - and Ang II-induced apoptosis. PARP expression was measured from lysates of cells treated with A (1-42) peptide and/or Ang II in the presence or absence of TC-1698 and/or SHP-1 antisense. Results shown for each immunoblot are representative of three immunoblots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-effects-of-shp-1-sense-and-antisense-30r3cogv.png Fig. 7. A, effects of SHP-1 sense and antisense oligonucleotides on SHP-1 expression in PC12 cells. PC12 cells were treated with SHP-1 sense and antisense oligonucleotides for the times indicated and lysed. SHP-1 was immunoprecipitated from the lysates with anti-SHP-1 antibody. Precipitated SHP-1 proteins were then immunoblotted with specific anti-SHP-1 antibody. Results shown for each immunoblot are representative of three immunoblots. B, effects of SHP-1 antisense on the TC-1698-induced activation of JAK2 in PC12 cells. Cells preincubated in the presence or absence of SHP-1 antisense or sense oligonucleotides were stimulated with TC-1698 for the times indicated. Cells were immunoblotted with phospho-specific and nonphospho-specific anti-JAK2. Results shown for each immunoblot are representative of three immunoblots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-synthetic-scheme-for-tc-1698-32l6qvt1.png Fig. 1. Synthetic scheme for TC-1698. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-binding-selectivity-profile-of-tc-1698-data-are-mean-2cx8vn57.png TABLE 1 Binding selectivity profile of TC-1698 Data are mean percent inhibition of control binding (or activity) for duplicate determinations. No data denotes less than 25% change in binding at 10 M TC-1698. For all non-nicotinic receptors tested, TC-1698 had an IC50 1 M. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-tc-1698-induced-activation-of-jak2-in-pc12-cells-in-3o7gys8f.png Fig. 6. A, TC-1698-induced activation of JAK2 in PC12 cells in the absence or presence of vanadate. PC12 cells preincubated in the presence or absence of the tyrosine phosphatase vanadate were stimulated with TC-1698 for the times indicated. Cells were immunoblotted with phosphospecific and nonphospho-specific anti-JAK2. B, time-dependent increase in SHP-1 activity in the absence or presence of vanadate. Results shown for each immunoblot is representative of three immunoblots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-schematic-of-the-protein-tyrosine-phosphatase-shp-1-1d7176wl.png Fig. 10. Schematic of the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 inhibition of the 7-JAK2 survival pathway. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-effects-of-ang-ii-pretreatment-with-or-without-ang-187ojrm4.png Fig. 5. A, effects of Ang II pretreatment with or without Ang II receptor antagonists on the TC1698-induced activation of JAK2 in PC12 cells. Cells preincubated with Ang II for 8 h in the presence or absence of AT1 antagonist candesartan or AT2 antagonist PD 123177 were stimulated with TC-1698 for the time indicated. Cells were immunoblotted with phospho-specific and nonphosphospecific anti-JAK2. Results shown for each immunoblot is representative of three immunoblots. B, angiotensin II-induced phosphorylation of SHP-1 in PC12 cells. PC12 cells were incubated for 24 h in serum-free medium before exposure to Ang II (100 nM) for the times indicated. Cells were lysed, and SHP-1 was immunoprecipitated from lysates with 10 g/ml antiSHP-1 monoclonal antibodies and immuno-blotted with anti-phosphotyrosine antibody. Results shown for each immunoblot are representative of three immunoblots. C, effects of -bungarotoxin on TC1698-stimulated JAK2 phosphorylation. Cells preincubated with 0.1 M -bungarotoxin or vehicle followed by addition of 0.1 M TC-1698 for the times indicated. Results shown for each immunoblot is representative of three immunoblots. https://scispace.com/papers/the-neuroprotective-effects-of-an-ethanolic-turmeric-curcuma-3lw2a1mvcu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-brain-cat-activity-in-the-normal-1mwqmw3e.png Figure 4. Comparison of the brain CAT activity in the normal (N), control TMT (T), Citicoline (T-Cit), 100 mg/kg bw of the ethanolic turmeric extract (T-TE100), 200 mg/kg bw of the ethanolic turmeric extract (T-TE200), and 300 mg/kg bw of ethanolic turmeric extract (T-TE300) groups of Sprague Dawley rats exposed to TMT. The values are expressed as the means± SEM of each group (n= 6). *P< 0.05, compared to the T group; #P< 0.05, compared to the N group; one-way ANOVA test, followed by Tukey’s HSD test. F5, 30= 7.533; P< 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-brain-gsh-levels-in-the-normal-n-3h4ksuia.png Figure 5. Comparison of the brain GSH levels in the normal (N), control TMT (T), Citicoline (T-Cit), 100 mg/kg bw of the ethanolic turmeric extract (T-TE100), 200 mg/kg bw of the ethanolic turmeric extract (T-TE200), and 300 mg/kg bw of the ethanolic turmeric extract (T-TE300) groups of Sprague Dawley rats exposed to TMT. The values are expressed as the means± SEM of each group (n= 6). *P< 0.05, compared to the T group; #P < 0.05, compared to the N group; one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s HSD test. F5, 30= 4.214; P< 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-the-brain-sod-activity-in-the-normal-19n5sk8q.png Figure 3. Comparison of the brain SOD activity in the normal (N), control TMT (T), Citicoline (T-Cit), 100 mg/kg bw of the ethanolic turmeric extract (T-TE100), 200 mg/kg bw of the ethanolic turmeric extract (T-TE200), and 300 mg/kg bw of the ethanolic turmeric extract (T-TE300) groups of Sprague Dawley rats exposed to TMT. The values are expressed as the means± SEM of each group (n= 6). *P< 0.05, compared to the T group; #P< 0.05, compared to the N group; Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by the Mann–Whitney U test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-the-gpx-activity-in-the-normal-n-35sun0b7.png Figure 6. Comparison of the GPx activity in the normal (N), control TMT (T), Citicoline (T-Cit), 100 mg/kg bw of the ethanolic turmeric extract (T-TE100), 200 mg/kg bw of the ethanolic turmeric extract (T-TE200), and 300 mg/kg bw of the ethanolic turmeric extract (T-TE300) groups of Sprague Dawley rats exposed to TMT. The values are expressed as the means± SEM of each group (n= 6). *P< 0.05, compared to the T group; #P < 0.05, compared to the N group; Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by the Mann–Whitney U test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-the-plasma-mda-levels-in-the-normal-n-3eax4zpz.png Figure 1. Comparison of the plasma MDA levels in the normal (N), control TMT (T), Citicoline (T-Cit), 100 mg/kg bw of the ethanolic turmeric extract (T-TE100), 200 mg/kg bw of the ethanolic turmeric extract (T-TE200), and 300 mg/kg bw the ethanolic turmeric extract (T-TE300) groups of Sprague Dawley rats exposed to TMT. The values are expressed as the means± SEM of each group (n= 6). *P< 0.05, compared to the T group; #P< 0.05, compared to the N group; Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by the Mann–Whitney U test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-the-brain-mda-levels-in-the-normal-n-3tbf14m4.png Figure 2. Comparison of the brain MDA levels in the normal (N), control TMT (T), Citicoline (T-Cit), 100 mg/kg bw of the ethanolic turmeric extract (T-TE100), 200 mg/kg bw of the ethanolic turmeric extract (T-TE200), and 300 mg/kg bw of the ethanolic turmeric extract (T-TE300) groups of Sprague Dawley rats exposed to TMT. The values are expressed as the means± SEM of each group (n= 6). *P< 0.05, compared to the T group; #P< 0.05, compared to the N group; Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by the Mann–Whitney U test. https://scispace.com/papers/the-neutrally-buoyant-sediment-trap-two-decades-of-progress-539ru5vi54 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-photograph-of-standalone-burn-wire-strobe-unit-3h1lr3v5.png FIG. 4. Photograph of standalone burn-wire/strobe unit employed with APEX-NBSTs. Major components are annotated; see the text for details. The unit housing is approximately 25 cm long. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-annotated-photograph-of-solo-nbst-configured-for-38wlm9nn.png FIG. 1. Annotated photograph of SOLO-NBST configured for deployment in April 2017 (photograph from C. Baker of the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom). Not visible in the photograph are clamps around the float’s hull, beneath the tube support plates. Inset: Detail showing burn-wire loop and attachment of trap-lid lanyards via cable ties (photograph from C. Durkin of Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, California). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-illustrating-assembly-of-trap-parts-around-3u0axero.png FIG. 2. Schematic illustrating assembly of trap parts around the profiling float hull (in this case, an APEX float). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-deployment-and-resurfacing-positions-circles-and-259gpjoi.png FIG. 8. Deployment and resurfacing positions (circles and triangles, respectively) of sediment traps deployed during the EXPORTS field campaign. The colors represent sampling cycle (‘‘epoch’’) and trap drift depth. The small labels refer to trap serial number and correspond to Table 3. The track of the STT buoy is shown in gray and extends over the same time period as the NBST deployments. https://scispace.com/papers/the-new-group-theory-package-in-maple-17-4zum1a907p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-subgroup-lattice-of-the-small-group-48-8-1x8cj7za.png Figure 1. The subgroup lattice of the small group (48, 8). Highlighted in light blue is the centre, in light green are the normal subgroups, and in red is the lower central series. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-cayley-table-of-a-group-of-order-24-hijdp6vk.png Figure 3. The Cayley table of a group of order 24. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-cayley-table-of-the-dicyclic-group-of-order-16-1nkpt49z.png Figure 2. The Cayley table of the dicyclic group of order 16. https://scispace.com/papers/the-new-era-of-adjuvant-therapies-for-melanoma-12nn8i6j23 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-kaplan-meier-curves-of-estimated-rfs-in-key-trials-of-3s9qp273.png Fig. 1 | Kaplan–Meier curves of estimated RFS in key trials of adjuvant therapies for melanoma2–5. RFS, relapse- free survival. https://scispace.com/papers/the-next-generation-of-photon-beam-position-monitors-for-4oqgn8f0gz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-undulator-photon-beam-seen-by-the-two-electron-1ykpfgvq.png Figure 3: The undulator photon beam seen by the two electron energy analysers performing a spatial scan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-newpbpm-prototype-layout-1o7fxkqp.png Figure 1: The NewPBPM prototype layout. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-real-undulator-photon-beam-position-17a66gz5.png Figure 6: Real undulator photon beam position https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-spatial-scan-shows-the-photon-beam-as-seen-by-the-39a6ocqb.png Fig. 4: A spatial scan shows the photon beam as seen by the different electrodes: a) Blade PBPM b) New PBPM c)Blade PBPM (only dipole) d) New PBPM (only dipole) in an Undulator beamline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-id7-2-undulator-photon-beam-profile-as-seen-by-qos5z2le.png Figure 5: The ID7.2 undulator photon beam profile as seen by the NPBPM (fundamental peak @ 145eV). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-internal-alignment-procedure-3kbza81f.png Figure 2: The internal alignment procedure. https://scispace.com/papers/the-ngc7771-ngc7770-minor-merger-harassing-the-little-one-2p4guwzabp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spatially-resolved-diagnostic-diagrams-each-1ycofdg0.png Figure 3. Spatially resolved diagnostic diagrams. Each measurement corresponds to one spaxel. The star-like symbols are the nuclear line ratios and the small and large dots are spaxels at projected galactocentric distances of R < 12 arcsec and R > 12 arcsec, respectively. The solid curves are ‘maximum starburst lines’ (Kewley et al. 2001) and the dashed curves the empirical separation between composites and H II regions and Seyferts and LINERs (Kauffmann et al. 2003; Kewley et al. 2006). The spaxels of NGC 7770 (upper panel) in the LINER/Seyfert and AGN regions can also be produced by shocks (see text and also Allen et al. 2008). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-map-of-oxygen-abundances-derived-with-the-o3n2-1jlxbrna.png Figure 5. Map of oxygen abundances derived with the O3N2 index and the calibration of Pettini & Pagel (2004) only for spaxels with no evidence of shock excitation ([O I] λ6300/Hα < 0.06). Contours are as in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-alfosc-false-colour-red-green-and-blue-rgb-image-of-11eyx87p.png Figure 1. ALFOSC false-colour red, green and blue (RGB) image of the NGC 7771+NGC 7700 system constructed using the SDSS broad-band g and r images in blue and green, respectively, and the narrow-band Hα+[N II] image in red. Orientation is north up and east to the left. The approximate FoV is 210 × 200 arcsec2. We also mark some morphological features discussed in Section 3.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ppak-spectral-maps-colour-images-of-the-observed-ha-2ad86pwz.png Figure 2. PPAK spectral maps (colour images) of the observed Hα emission (in units of 10−16 erg cm−2 s−1 arcsec−2) and the extinction-corrected [O III] λ5007/Hβ, [N II] λ6583/Hα and [S II] λλ6717, 6731/Hα line ratios. The contours (in a square root scale) are the ALFOSC continuum-subtracted Hα emission. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distributions-of-the-ages-and-metallicities-of-the-3gbvu3dj.png Figure 4. Distributions of the ages and metallicities of the spatially resolved (i.e. corresponding to the extracted spectra for the defined voxels, see text) modelled SSPs. The colours represent the fractional contribution of the SSP bins (luminosity weighted) to the observed optical emission (3700–7100 Å) of each galaxy. https://scispace.com/papers/the-nicastrin-ectodomain-adopts-a-highly-thermostable-384265m1me 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-nicastrin-ectodomain-adopts-a-defined-secondary-1dof6atx.png Figure 1 The Nicastrin ectodomain adopts a defined secondary structure. (A) Model depicting the Nicastrin IgG fusion protein. The Nicastrin ectodomain is shown in blue, the IgG fusion in red and the Nicastrin signal sequence is highlighted in yellow. Black boxes indicate the conserved regions including the DYIGS (amino acid 336–340) motif and potential glycosylation sites are marked by black circles. Glu 333, which was reported to be involved in g-secretase substrate recognition (Shah et al., 2005) is marked by an asterisk. (B) Endo H resistance of Nicastrin IgG. Immunoprecipitated endogenous Nicastrin and Nicastrin IgG were incubated in the presence or absence of EndoH. Nicastrin variants were detected with a polyclonal antibody directed against the N-terminus of Nicastrin. (C) Purification of ectoNicastrin. Starting material: Conditioned media from HEK293 cells, expressing the Nicastrin IgG fusion protein were separated using SDS polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis and stained with coomassie blue. Factor Xa cleavage: The starting material was applied to a Protein A column. Upon factor Xa cleavage ectoNicastrin was eluted and factor Xa was removed using a benzamidine. The eluate was separated on SDS polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis and silver-stained. Gel filtration: The concentrated benzamidine eluate was applied to a Superdex 200 HR 30/10 gel filtration column and a silver stain of the fraction used for CD spectroscopy was performed. The asterisk indicates bovine serum albumin (BSA) from the conditioned media. (D) CD sprectroscopy of ectoNicastrin: The CD spectrum of ectoNicastrin was recorded at 20oC. Note that ectoNicastrin adopts a predominantly a-helical structure as indicated by the minima of the ellipticity (Q) at 210 nm and 222 nm and the maximum at 195 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-reduced-refolding-propensities-of-ectonicastrin-d40-1ah3v2l3.png Figure 4 Reduced refolding propensities of ectoNicastrin D40–164. (A) Model depicting the Nicastrin IgG D40–164 fusion protein, which lacks amino acid 40–164 of the Nicastrin ectodomain. The mutated Nicastrin ectodomain is shown in blue, the IgG fusion in red and the Nicastrin signal sequence is highlighted in yellow. Black boxes indicate the conserved regions including the DYIGS (amino acid 336–340) motif and potential glycosylation sites are marked by black circles. Glu 333, which was reported to be involved in gsecretase substrate recognition (Shah et al., 2005) is marked by an asterisk. (B) CD spectra of ectoNicastrin D40–164 prior to heating (black line), at 1008C (blue line) and after heating (red line) were recorded as described in Figure 3A. Note that in contrast to ectoNicastrin (Figure 3A) the refolding capacity of ectoNicastrin D40–164 is impaired, since the minima of the ellipticity (Q) characteristic for an a-helical conformation after heating are less pronounced than before heat denaturation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-ectonicastrin-refolds-efficiently-upon-heat-1adpvs02.png Figure 3 The ectoNicastrin refolds efficiently upon heat denaturation. (A) The CD spectra of ectoNicastrin or (B) SGAP prior to heating were recorded at 208C as described in Figure 1D (black line). The proteins were subsequently heated to 1008C (ectoNicastrin) or 908C (SGAP; blue line) and cooled again followed by the recording of a third CD spectrum at 208C (red line). For ectoNicastrin only a minor difference between the two spectra prior to heating and after cooling was observed, indicating that ectoNicastrin almost completely refolded after thermal unfolding. In contrast SGAP was not capable of refolding after thermal denaturation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-ectonicastrin-secondary-structure-is-stable-up-2sbrrlkh.png Figure 2 The ectoNicastrin secondary structure is stable up to 85oC. CD spectra of ectoNicastrin (A) or SGAP (B) were recorded at increasing temperatures as indicated. Both ectoNicastrin and SGAP did not significantly change their secondary structures at temperatures up to 858C or 75oC, respectively. In contrast to ectoNicastrin, which undergoes a significant structural change at temperatures )85oC, SGAP started to unfold at temperatures )758C and aggregated at temperatures)90oC. https://scispace.com/papers/the-niche-of-salsuginus-thalkeni-a-gill-parasite-of-fundulus-4ba8g5ummq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-relative-position-and-niche-breadth-of-salsuginus-3khzozk5.png TABLE I. Relative position and niche breadth of Salsuginus thalkeni on gill filaments and gill arches of Fundulus zebrinus.* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-variation-in-salsuginus-thalkeni-niche-breadths-on-2ctcjwqx.png FIGURE 2. Variation in Salsuginus thalkeni niche breadths on gill arch (circles) and primary filament (triangles) lengths over time. Collections 1-4 are from 1986 (21 May, 4 June, 29 June, 16 July); 5-8 from 1987 (26 May, 12 June, 30 June, 8 Sept); 9-14 from 1988 (11 May, 1 June, 19 June, 10 July, 9 Aug, 11 Oct). Solid squares are first collection dates of each of the 3 study years. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-relationships-between-the-various-salsuginus-2spoffor.png TABLE II. Relationships between the various Salsuginus thalkeni niche and circumstance descriptors.* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-relative-positions-of-salsuginus-thalkeni-on-2m80jqyu.png FIGURE 1. Mean relative positions of Salsuginus thalkeni on gill arches (circles) and primary filaments (triangles) over time. Vertical lines are variances. Collections 1-4 are from 1986 (21 May, 4 June, 29 June, 16 July); 5-8 from 1987 (26 May, 12 June, 30 June, 8 Sept); 9-14 from 1988 (11 May, 1 June, 19 June, 10 July, 9 Aug, 11 Oct); solid squares are the first collection dates of each of the 3 study years. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-relative-position-and-niche-breadth-of-salsuginus-2nwrd9h3.png TABLE III. Relative position and niche breadth of Salsuginus thalkeni on gill filaments and gill arches of Fundulus zebrinus not infected with any other species of parasites.* https://scispace.com/papers/the-nitrogen-isotopic-composition-of-1-1-billion-year-old-53x1uow3qi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-chart-summarizing-biomarker-and-fossil-data-a-17nt92w7.png Figure 1. Time chart summarizing biomarker and fossil data. (A) The sterane / hopane ratio as first order estimate of eukaryotic versus bacterial organic matter flux. Green circles represent bitumens comprising C27 to C29 steranes, red circles a ~100% cholestane predominance, and unfilled black circles are mid-Proterozoic assemblages where steranes are beneath detection limits while hopanes are present. (B) Biological events. Tn = Tonian, Cr = Cryogenian, Ed = Ediacaran periods, P = Paleozoic, M = Mesozoic, C = Cenozoic eras. https://scispace.com/papers/the-nordic-corporate-governance-model-3l0jext3fx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measures-of-economic-and-social-performance-bogbwim3.png Table 3. Measures of economic and social performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-determinants-of-happiness-1wgaakm2.png Table 4. Determinants of happiness https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-quality-of-governance-by-region-1uvg93c8.png Table 2. Quality of Governance by region https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-governance-indicators-in-the-nordic-countries-1995-1y9pvj3z.png Table 1. Governance indicators in the Nordic countries 1995–2013 https://scispace.com/papers/the-non-linear-redshift-space-power-spectrum-of-galaxies-1gvyyb2tmv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-real-space-power-spectrum-the-upper-solid-line-is-26scjwz9.png Figure 1. Real-space power spectrum. The (upper) solid line is the final power spectrum; the dashed lines are the linear power spectrum, unsmoothed and smoothed, and the dotted lines are (from the bottom at k = 10−3) the contributions to the power from P22, P13 and their sum. The dot-dashed line is the second-order mass power spectrum, which merges with the dashed linear power spectrum to form the lower solid line. For model details, see text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effective-bias-in-real-space-from-perturbation-7s5u0rp2.png Figure 2. Effective bias in real space, from perturbation theory (solid). This is approximately constant over a fairly wide range of k, yet the bias is far from linear. The dotted line shows the approximate analytic formula (23). The filter erases power at k > ∼ 0.2 and the spike at k = 1 is due to the matter power spectrum crossing zero, by which time third-order perturbation theory has broken down. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-quadrupole-to-monopole-ratio-for-the-mass-as-a-2a3e2tks.png Figure 6. Quadrupole-to-monopole ratio for the mass, as a function of wavenumber (solid). Beyond k = 4.5, the filtered power is zero to machine accuracy. The dashed line is the linear theory ratio (24). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-quadrupole-to-monopole-ratio-of-the-biased-field-1w6ghg4u.png Figure 7. Quadrupole-to-monopole ratio of the biased field (solid), as a function of wavenumber, along with unbiased linear theory (dotted) and linear theory, but with b replaced by beff from perturbation theory (dashed). The behaviour at k < 10 −3 arises from the constant-power term in the biased field. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-effective-bias-factor-pbiased-pmass-for-a-hydra-7dshtd5p.png Figure 3. The effective bias factor √ Pbiased/Pmass for a Hydra N-body simulation (solid), along with the approximate formula (23), for b1 = b2 = b3 = 1 and Rf = 2h −1 Mpc, which gives an r.m.s. fractional overdensity of 0.41. For other details, see text. This figure also differs from Fig. 2 in that the biased field has been deconvolved with a Gaussian, which affects the results at high k. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-redshift-space-power-spectrum-for-the-model-of-fig-2om8eitl.png Figure 4. Redshift-space power spectrum for the model of Fig. 1. The curves are for values of µ from 0 (bottom) to 1 in steps of 0.1. The dashed and dotted lines are the unsmoothed linear and nonlinear power spectrum in real space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hydra-simulations-in-redshift-space-points-along-3hfiufqz.png Figure 5. Hydra simulations in redshift space (points), along with the theoretical curve from perturbation theory (b1 = b2 = b3 = 1.0, and σ0 = 0.41). The dotted line is the smoothed linear theory matter power spectrum in real space. https://scispace.com/papers/the-northern-eurasia-earth-science-partnership-an-example-of-7gk3911rz3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-difference-in-model-predicted-annual-river-runoff-11zfhdgf.png Fig. 6. Difference in model-predicted annual river runoff based on ECHAM5 GCM projections for two SRES emission scenarios (left, Alb; right Bl) and model-predicted 1961-91 averaged conditions. Most significant runoff increases are projected along the Arctic Ocean coastline, in northern Europe, and the Russian Far East. A decrease in runoff is expected in most southern regions of the NEESPI domain (archive of Shiklomanov et al. 2007). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-projections-of-arctic-plant-types-and-total-biomass-136ff73f.png Fig. 7. Projections of Arctic plant types and total biomass response to +2°C warming in the years 1000-1050 (from the beginning year of model-run initiation) in the five Arctic bioclimate subzones using the ArcVeg model (Epstein et al. 2007). Above-ground biomass is shown for (left) different plant types and total biomass including (right) below-ground biomass for zonal plant communities in bioclimate subzones (a), (b) E; (c), (d) D; (e), (f) C; (g), (h) B; and (i), (j) A. Note the change in the vertical scale for biomass as the biomass declines in response to temperature—from warm summer temperatures in subzone E (southernmost subzone) to colder temperatures in subzone A (northernmost subzone). Key plant limits that define the subzones are A: cushion forb; B: prostrate dwarf-shrub; C: hemiprostrate dwarf-shrub; D: erect dwarf-shrub; and E: low shrub (Walker et al. 2005). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-top-mean-annual-surface-air-temperature-anomalies-13jvb2fh.png Fig. 2. (top) Mean annual surface air temperature anomalies during the past 127 yr over northern Eurasia [linear trend 1.4 K (127 yr)-1 compared to near-global changes within zone 60°S-90°N [linear trend 0.84 K (127 yr) 1 ; archive of Lugina et al. 2006 updated]. The near-twofold higher rates of warming over northern Eurasia compared to the globe during the past several decades remained intact [e.g., 1.6 K (50 yr)-1 versus 0.81 (50 yr)1; 1.41 K (30 yr)"1 versus 0.62 (30 yr)"1 for 1 9 5 8 - 2 0 0 7 and 1978- 2007, respectively], (bottom) Observed and projected surface air temperature anomalies over Russia. Numbers in key are as follows: I) station data, 2) reanalyzed [40-yr European Centre for MediumRange W e a t h e r Forecasts Reanalysis (ERA-40)] data, and 3) simulated/projected by 16-member ensemble of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 3 (CMIP3) global climate models [Special Report Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A2 scenario; Meleshko et al. 2008]. https://scispace.com/papers/the-novel-coronavirus-enigma-phylogeny-and-mutation-analyses-532fmp8h8r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-single-nucleotide-polymorphisms-associated-with-the-2y8igtbv.png Table 2. Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the minor group SARS-CoV-2 strains (n=21) across India during January to June 2020.a https://scispace.com/papers/the-novel-gene-cpedi-9-from-the-resurrection-plant-c-4uld2o05pq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-c-rna-blot-analysis-showing-the-expression-of-the-c-2ob5zr4c.png Fig. 4 a–c RNA blot analysis showing the expression of the C. plantagineum CpEdi-9 transcript in response to a dehydration, b ABA (100 lM) and csalt treatment (NaCl for 6 h). Membranes carrying 2 lg of poly(A)+RNA were probed with the CpEdi-9 cDNA insert. All filters were hybridised with a ribosomal probe to monitor loading of RNA. The relative intensity of the hybridising bands was calculated using the 18srRNA signal as a reference. The graph below each autograph gives the relative signal intensity. In the dehydration kinetics the relative water content (RWC) was set to 100% in untreated plants (lane U) and the corresponding RWC values for dehydrated plants were 62%, 39%, 25%, 18% and 15% for 2, 4, 8, 14 and 72 h of dehydration. d The CpEdi-9 transcript accumulates in mature seeds. Total RNA (30 lg in each lane) from untreated (U) and dehydrated (4 h and 48 h) leaves and mature seeds of C. plantagineum was hybridised with the CpEdi-9 cDNA insert to compare relative expression levels. The blot was also hybridised with the dehydrin CDeT6-19 cDNA insert to compare expression levels (Bartels et al. 1990) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5a-b-in-situ-hybridisation-of-cpedi-9-to-sections-of-4-606voqqm.png Fig. 5a,b In situ hybridisation of CpEdi-9 to sections of 4-hdehydrated C. plantagineum leaves. Bright-field micrographs are shown of tissue sections hybridised with a digoxigenin-labelled CpEdi-9 riboprobe. a Leaf section hybridised with a sense probe. b Leaf section hybridised with an antisense probe. Bars = 200 lm https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-putative-regulatory-elements-in-the-promoter-of-the-3rpfsjgq.png Table 1 Putative regulatory elements in the promoter of the Craterostigma plantagineum CpEdi-9gene https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-time-course-of-promoter-gus-activity-during-seed-jyjbbkcl.png Fig. 6 Time-course of promoter GUS activity during seed germination of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) transformed with the CpEdi-9 promoter GUS construct. Seeds from two independent transformed lines (lines 4.4 and 4.8) and untransformed wild-type plants (Samsun) were analysed. Data are the mean of three independent measurements. The SE is indicated https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7a-o-histochemical-localisation-of-gus-expression-49vux1ky.png Fig. 7a–o Histochemical localisation of GUS expression directed by the CpEdi-9 promoter in tobacco (a–i) and Arabidopsis (j–o) plants transformed with the CpEdi9promoter GUS construct. a Mature tobacco seeds (·10). b One-day-old (right) and 3-dayold (left) germinating tobacco seedlings (·8). c GUS activity in guard cells in an epidermal peel of a tobacco leaf (·150). d Trichomes of a tobacco leaf (·150). e Tobacco petiole section (·12). f,g Tobacco stem section (f; ·5) and magnification of the vascular tissue (g; ·400). h,i Eight-dayold tobacco seedling untreated (h) and treated (i) with ABA (100 lM) for 24 h (·2). j Mature Arabidopsis flowers (·4). k,l Stem section of a 6-week-old Arabidopsis plant that had not been watered for 5 days (k; ·10) and magnification of the a vascular bundle (l; ·400). m–o Arabidopsis rosette leaves from a 6-week-old untreated plant (m), a plant not watered for 5 days (n) and a plant treated with ABA (100 lM) for 2 days (o; ·3). c Cortex, ip internal phloem, p pith parenchyma, ph phloem, op outer phloem, x xylem https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-cpedi-9-promoter-is-responsive-to-dehydration-and-2nsoj01l.png Fig. 8 The CpEdi-9 promoter is responsive to dehydration and ABA in transgenic tobacco. GUS activity in 8-day-old seedlings treated for 24 h with 100 lM ABA (upper graph) or in detached leaves dehydrated for 4 h (lower graph). Dehydration treatment was given to the youngest fully developed leaf of each plant above the 5th internode. The Samsun line represents untransformed tobacco plants and seedlings. Data are shown as the mean of at least three independent measurements and error bars indicate the SE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-nucleotide-sequence-of-the-craterostigma-2obyih0k.png Fig. 1 a Nucleotide sequence of the Craterostigma plantagineum CpEdi-9 gene and the deduced protein sequence. Exons are printed in upper-case letters and introns or untranslated sequences are shown in lowercase letters. Amino acid residues corresponding to a putative a-helix are marked with a double line. The nucleotides and amino acids are numbered on the left-hand side. The transcription start and the putative TATA box are indicated in reverse print. Putative regulatory cis-elements are in italics and underlined. The sequence has been submitted to GenBank database and has been given the accession number AY382595. b Determination of the transcription start site of the CpEdi-9 gene by primerextension analysis. A 17-mer oligonucleotide was hybridised to poly(A+) RNA isolated from 2-h-dehydrated C. plantagineum leaves. The oligonucleotide was used for the reference sequence. A,C,G, and T Dideoxynucleotides; Ex, extension product https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-alignment-of-the-amino-acid-sequences-of-c-15fwimgl.png Fig. 3 Alignment of the amino acid sequences of C. plantagineum EDI-9 (CpEDI-9; AY382595), the maize protein LEA3 (Q42376), the dehydrin-like BDN1 protein from the resurrection plant B. crassifolia(AAF01465) and the group-3 LEA-like protein AavLEA1 from the nematode A. avenae (Q95V77). Amino acids that are identical or conservative substitutions in at least three of the sequences are boxed in black or grey, respectively https://scispace.com/papers/the-novel-vitamin-d-analog-zk191784-as-an-intestine-specific-k9e4r6v6o5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mrna-expression-of-renal-ca2-transporters-during-1it1l2e6.png Figure 4. mRNA expression of renal Ca2 transporters during treatment with ZK191784 in TRPV5 / and TRPV5 / mice. Effect of ZK191784 treatment on renal mRNA expression of the epithelial Ca2 channel TRPV5 (A) and the cytosolic Ca2 -binding protein calbindin-D28K (CaBP28K; B) was determined by real-time quantitative PCR analysis as ratio of HPRT and depicted as percentage of TRPV5 / controls. Controls, mice treated with vehicle only; ZK191784, mice treated for 28 days with the 1,25(OH)2D3 analog ZK191784 (50 g/kg/ day). Data are mean se. *P 0.05 vs. TRPV5 / controls; n 9 animals per group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-protein-abundance-of-renal-ca2-transporters-during-3tn9syyn.png Figure 5. Protein abundance of renal Ca2 transporters during treatment with ZK191784 in TRPV5 / and TRPV5 / mice. Representative immunohistochemical images of TRPV5 (A) and calbindin-D28K (CaBP28K; B) staining in kidney cortex. Semiquantification of renal TRPV5 (C) and calbindin-D28K (D) protein abundance was performed by computerized analysis of immunohistochemical images. Data were calculated as IOD (arbitrary units) and depicted as percentage of TRPV5 / controls. Controls, mice treated with vehicle only; ZK191784, mice treated for 28 d with the 1,25(OH)2D3 analog ZK191784 (50 g/kg/day). Data are mean se. *P 0.05 vs. TRPV5 / controls; n 9 animals per group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-representation-of-the-differential-8btiscb8.png Figure 3. Schematic representation of the differential tissuespecific effects of ZK191784 compared with 1,25(OH)2D3 regarding Ca2 homeostasis and expression of Ca2 transporters. ZK191784 inhibits 1,25(OH)2D3-stimulated Ca 2 absorption in vivo and in the intestinal Caco-2 cell line and down-regulates 1,25(OH)2D3-stimulated intestinal Ca 2 transporter expression. ZK191784 and 1,25(OH)2D3 both display stimulatory effects in vivo on Ca2 reabsorption and renal Ca2 transporter expression as well as in primary cultures of immunodissected rabbit kidney CNT and CCD cells. Furthermore, ZK191784 and 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulate osteocalcin secretion by ROS17/2.8 cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemical-structure-of-125-oh-2d3-and-its-analog-29u1l8zq.png Figure 1. Chemical structure of 1,25(OH)2D3 and its analog ZK191784. Compared with1,25(OH)2D3, ZK191784 contains a structurally modified side chain characterized by a 22,23- double bond, 24R-hydroxy group, 25-cyclopropyl ring and 5-butyloxazole unit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-renal-ca2-excretion-and-intestinal-ca2-absorption-2kosbg09.png Figure 1. Chemical structure of 1,25(OH)2D3 and its analog ZK191784. Compared with1,25(OH)2D3, ZK191784 contains a structurally modified side chain characterized by a 22,23- double bond, 24R-hydroxy group, 25-cyclopropyl ring and 5-butyloxazole unit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-differential-effect-of-125-oh-2d3-and-zk191784-on-hc3vs497.png Figure 2. Differential effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 and ZK191784 on 45Ca2 uptake in the intestinal Caco-2 cell line and on transepithelial Ca2 transport in rabbit kidney CNT/CCD primary cell cultures. 45Ca2 uptake was determined in Caco-2 cells incubated for 48 h in normal culture medium (Control) or culture medium supplemented with 1 10 7 M 1,25(OH)2D3, 1 10 7 M ZK191784 or 1 10 7 M 1,25(OH)2D3 together with 1 10 7 M ZK191784, respectively (A). Data are depicted as ruthenium red (RR)-sensitive uptake. Transcellular Ca2 transport was determined in immunodissected rabbit CNT/CCD cultures incubated for 48 h in normal culture medium (Control), culture medium supplemented with 1 10 7 M 1,25(OH)2D3, 1 10 7 M ZK191784, or 1 10 7 M 1,25(OH)2D3 together with 1 10 7 M ZK191784 (B). Data are mean se. *P 0.05 vs. untreated cells (Control); #P 0.05 vs. 1,25(OH)2D3-treated cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mrna-expression-of-epithelial-ca2-channels-in-bone-1yc7xd0q.png Figure 6. mRNA expression of epithelial Ca2 channels in bone during treatment with ZK191784 in TRPV5 / and TRPV5 / mice. Effect of ZK191784 treatment on mRNA expression of the epithelial Ca2 channels TRPV5 (A) and TRPV6 (B) in bone was determined by real-time quantitative PCR analysis as the ratio of HPRT and depicted as percentage of TRPV5 / controls. Controls, mice treated with vehicle only; ZK191784, mice treated for 28 days with the 1,25(OH)2D3 analog ZK191784 (50 g/kg/day). Data are mean se. *P 0.05 vs. TRPV5 / controls; #P 0.05 vs. TRPV5 / controls; n 9 animals per group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-bone-morphometry-after-treatment-with-zk191784-in-3i7b8zz5.png Figure 7. Bone morphometry after treatment with ZK191784 in TRPV5 / and TRPV5 / mice. Representative cross-sectional X-ray images of the femoral head (a), lesser trochanter (b), and diaphysis (c) in control and ZK191784treated TRPV5 / and TRPV5 / mice (A). Three-dimensional reconstruction of femurs from control and ZK191784-treated TRPV5 / and TRPV5 / mice (B). Controls, mice treated with vehicle only; ZK191784, mice treated for 28 days with the 1,25(OH)2D3 analog ZK191784 (50 g/kg/day). https://scispace.com/papers/the-nuclear-membrane-proteome-extending-the-envelope-1npwn3dx3s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ne-specific-transmembrane-proteins-tested-for-ne-32vnqlgt.png Table 1. NE-specific transmembrane proteins tested for NE targeting https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3832jdrt.png Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-37jayx8w.png Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2rs2hoq2.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mb40d9vt.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/papers/the-number-of-genotypic-assignments-on-a-genealogy-ii-kucgccs9qv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-regular-genealogy-g4-which-identifies-3cdpmlm5.png Figure 4: The regular genealogy G4 which identifies individuals Ai with Bi+1 for i < 4 from the nuclear families of Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-genealogy-g3-defined-by-a-type-ii-linking-2awaykmy.png Figure 7: The genealogy G3, defined by a type II linking scheme, which identifies individuals Ai with C k i for i < 3 from the basic units of Figure 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-basic-building-block-consisting-of-a-nuclear-39tv28zx.png Figure 11: The basic building block consisting of a nuclear family with k offspring. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-repeated-sib-pair-mating-depicted-in-our-usual-28j2x0ah.png Figure 9: A repeated sib-pair mating depicted, in our usual notation, as the genealogy G3 which identifies individuals Ci and Di with Ai+1 and Bi+1, respectively, for i < 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-paired-matrices-mimj-for-i-j-i-ii-iii-iv-describing-iukma0ln.png Table 1: Paired matrices MiMj for i, j ∈ {I, II, III, IV } describing the growth of the genotypic statespace for linear genealogies constructed from the basic units in Figure 2, when a type j link is followed by a type i link, for a genetic system with two alleles. The blanks indicate genealogically impossible pairings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-basic-building-block-consisting-of-a-nuclear-3tx80ss5.png Figure 6: The basic building block consisting of a nuclear family with k offspring. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-linear-genealogy-a-constructed-from-linking-20uxroog.png Figure 8: A linear genealogy, (a), constructed from linking nuclear families with a single offspring at a linking set of size 1 which has a larger genotypic statespace than the marriage chain (b). The number of states is γ7 where for l = 2, (a) has γ = 2.41 and (b) has γ = 2.38 and for l = 3, (a) has γ = 4.02 and (b) has γ = 3.98. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-simple-nuclear-family-depicted-as-a-standard-3j14pluc.png Figure 1: A simple nuclear family depicted as a standard marriage node graph with father A, taken as the reference individual for the following example, mother B and two offspring, C and D. One should imagine this family embedded within a genealogy. https://scispace.com/papers/the-number-of-strides-required-for-treadmill-running-gait-3hpen5f323 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-stride-counts-presented-as-mean-standard-deviation-yw645f5g.png Table 2. Stride counts presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and 95% upper limit confidence (U95% CI) at foot strike (FS), maximum angle (Max), and range of motion (RoM); for the ankle joint in the three planes of motion. At beginning and end of two run-types of high intensity interval training run (HIIT) and medium intensity continuous run (MICR). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-characteristics-of-participants-training-268tvhaa.png Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of participants, training runs, https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-stride-count-for-spatiotemporal-variables-ovtsuvj5.png Table 5. Stride Count for spatiotemporal variables represented as mean ± Standard deviation (SD) and upper 95% confidence interval (U95% CI) for Stride Frequency (SF) and Contact Time (CT). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-stride-counts-presented-as-mean-standard-deviation-ncao3smy.png Table 4. Stride counts presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and 95% upper limit confidence (U95% CI) at foot strike (FS), maximum angle (Max), and range of motion (RoM); for the hip joint in the three planes of motion. At beginning and end of two run-types of high intensity interval training run (HIIT) and medium intensity continuous run (MICR). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-stride-counts-presented-as-mean-standard-deviation-3l9jrjsg.png Table 3. Stride counts presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and 95% upper limit confidence (U95% CI) at foot strike (FS), maximum angle (Max), and range of motion (RoM); for the knee joint in the three planes of motion. At beginning and end of two run-types of high intensity interval training run (HIIT) and medium intensity continuous run (MICR). https://scispace.com/papers/the-numerical-simulation-of-uplifted-street-canyon-on-flow-1vpfavz6s3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-numerical-verification-model-and-grid-division-lien-et-1i1qt7ir.png Fig. 3 Numerical verification model and grid division (Lien et al. 2004) 145 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-evolution-of-dimensionless-concentration-of-co-in-351r88cm.png Fig. 8 The evolution of dimensionless concentration of CO in the street canyon with different 243 lifting heights 244 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numerical-simulation-case-parameter-table-a-the-3l6ckusz.png Table 1 Numerical simulation case parameter table (a) The total height does not change and 102 the lifting height changes (b) The total height changes and the lifting height changes (c) The total 103 height changes and the building height changes 104 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-dimensional-street-canyon-model-99-fdwqzl56.png Fig. 1 Two-dimensional street canyon model 99 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-dimensional-street-canyon-model-parameters-101-ne3qypty.png Fig. 2 Two-dimensional street canyon model parameters 101 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-dimensionless-concentration-of-co-in-the-street-20qkg8m0.png Fig. 9 The dimensionless concentration of CO in the street canyon changes with the lifting height 255 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-dimensionless-concentration-of-co-in-the-street-3miyswjq.png Fig. 10 The dimensionless concentration of CO in the street canyon changes with the height of the 265 main structure of the building 266 https://scispace.com/papers/the-number-of-symbol-comparisons-in-quicksort-and-49sxmnjsds 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-the-shift-transformation-t-of-a-ternary-1eosach7.png Figure 4. Left : the shift transformation T of a ternary Bernoulli source with P(0) = 1/2, P(1) = 1/6, P(2) = 1/3. Middle: fundamental intervals Iw materialized by semicircles. Right : the corresponding fundamental triangles Tw. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plot-of-the-function-rs-a-for-a-0-1-and-the-three-27edwms3.png Figure 3. Plot of the function ρS(α) for α ∈ [0, 1] and the three sources: Bern( 12 , 1 2 ), Bern( 1 3 , 2 3 ), and Bern( 1 3 , 1 3 , 1 3 ). The curves illustrate the fractal character of the constants involved in QuickSelect. (Compare with κ(α) in Eq. (5), which appears as limit of ρS(α), for an unbiased r–ary source S, when r →∞.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-constants-relative-to-a-binary-source-48qw6wr3.png Figure 2. The constants relative to a binary source. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-main-constants-of-theorems-1-and-2-relatively-1d816u0w.png Figure 1. The main constants of Theorems 1 and 2, relatively to a general source (S). https://scispace.com/papers/the-numpy-array-a-structure-for-efficient-numerical-4nct46fq7x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-computing-dense-grid-values-without-and-with-3u9mipxd.png Figure 1: Computing dense grid values without and with broadcasting. Note how, with broadcasting, much less memory is used. https://scispace.com/papers/the-nustar-extragalactic-surveys-the-number-counts-of-active-actj003p3j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-panel-the-differential-number-counts-for-the-128gcjn7.png Figure 3. Left panel: the differential number counts for the observed 3–8 keV band. The data points (black squares) show measurements from the combined NuSTAR survey fields, where error bars are 1σ equivalent (i.e., 68.3% confidence level), and the black dashed line shows the best-fit power law. The solid line shows the bestfit to the number counts as measured by Chandra (Georgakakis et al. 2008), and the dotted–dashed line shows the best fit from a combined analysis of XMM-Newton and Chandra data (Mateos et al. 2008). Right panel: the differential log N–log S in the 8–24 keV band (black squares). The solid blue line and dotted–dashed lines show the Chandra (4–7 keV) and XMM-Newton measurements extrapolated to the 8–24 keV band using a photon power-law index of G = 1.48. The blue dotted line shows the Chandra measurements using a steeper (G = 1.9) power law for the spectral extrapolation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-integral-number-counts-for-the-3-8-kev-left-and-8-1uq6mi7d.png Figure 4. Integral number counts for the 3–8 keV (left) and 8–24 (right) observed bands. The gray shaded region shows the 68.3% confidence region on the integrated number counts based on the Poisson error in the number of sources weighted by the survey area as a function of flux. The blue line on the left plot shows a comparison to Chandra counts extrapolated from 4–7 keV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-nustar-8-24-kev-number-counts-compared-to-swift-bat-vwlmekdv.png Figure 5. NuSTAR 8–24 keV number counts compared to Swift/BAT (bold dashed line;Ajello et al. 2012). The hatched region indicates the uncertainty in the overall fit from Ajello et al. (2012). We convert the BAT 15–55 keV band to the 8–24 keV band using a power law with photon index G = 1.7 (the bestfit to the average BAT AGN spectrum in the 15–55 keV band). The dashed line with triangles shows predictions from the CXB synthesis model of Ballantyne2011 updated to use the Ueda2014 luminosity function. The dashed line with crosses shows the population synthesis model from Ueda et al. (2014). The dashed line with circles shows predictions from the CXB model from Gilli et al. (2007). The plotted errors are 1σ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-area-as-a-function-of-depth-in-the-observed-8-24-3m3apxca.png Figure 1. Area as a function of depth in the observed 8–24 keV band for the NuSTAR extragalactic surveys included in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-total-intensity-as-a-function-of-8-24-kev-flux-of-8d6zee4v.png Figure 6. Total intensity as a function of 8–24 keV flux of the resolved sources in the sample included in this work. The horizontal lines indicate 35% (hatched line) and 100% (solid line) of the cosmic X-ray background (CXB). The width of the lines indicates the range of normalizations determined by different instruments (see Table 1 for references). At the faint end of the surveys included here, NuSTAR is resolving ∼35% of the CXB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rest-frame-10-40-kev-x-ray-luminosity-versus-3gm1hgp6.png Figure 2. Rest-frame 10–40 keV X-ray luminosity versus redshift for the objects included in this work compared to sources in the Swift/BAT 70-month all-sky survey catalog (black triangles). The dashed line shows the location of the knee in the luminosity function from Aird et al. (2015b) as a function of redshift. The shaded region indicates the region of sensitivity of Swift/BAT, and the dotted line indicates the threshold for the NuSTAR surveys. https://scispace.com/papers/the-o-net-content-model-strengths-and-limitations-3exnnswsgu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-wages-and-o-net-items-z1rt6acl.png Table 2 Correlations between wages and O*NET items https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-percentage-distribution-of-correlations-between-o-net-2cybc7m5.png Fig. 4 Percentage distribution of correlations between O*NET measures and mean occupational wages https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-percentage-distribution-of-importance-and-level-36nnqdgs.png Fig. 1 Percentage distribution of importance and level correlations, by interval https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-of-o-net-responses-across-levels-1f6czlef.png Fig. 3 Distribution of O*NET responses across levels https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-o-net-surveys-and-principal-content-1mbr8vyz.png Table 1 O*NET surveys and principal content https://scispace.com/papers/the-occurrence-of-n-nitrosamines-residual-nitrite-and-e2a8uollrw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-limits-of-detection-lods-and-the-limits-of-3stepzfj.png Table 1 The limits of detection (LODs) and the limits of quantitation (LOQs) of the analytes 443 https://scispace.com/papers/the-observer-effect-in-estimation-with-physical-4faw7nzwwm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-stochastic-back-action-exact-and-linear-1k350mb9.png Fig. 4. The stochastic back action. Exact and linear approximation shown, see (14). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-ratio-between-stochastic-back-action-and-b8156vbf.png Fig. 5. The ratio between stochastic back action and estimation uncertainty improvement is approximately constant and equal to 2TZ/TK , see (15), far beyond the affine regime t < 0.2μs found in Figs. 3–4 (note maximum time is here 10μs). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-variance-of-the-estimation-error-of-an-optimal-2apgknie.png Fig. 3. The variance of the estimation error of an optimal velocity measurement device. Exact and affine approximation shown, see (13). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-measured-system-s-the-lossless-interconnection-3c3krj3m.png Fig. 1. The measured system S, the lossless interconnection medium I, and a measurement device M. Changes in y(t) and u(t) travel with velocity v through the medium. We only consider times t such that t < l/v, such that we do not have to take reflections and initial states in M into account. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-cart-system-in-example-2-the-problem-of-measuring-2djukbsp.png Fig. 2. A cart system. In Example 2, the problem of measuring the second cart’s velocity v2 is considered. https://scispace.com/papers/the-obscured-x-ray-binaries-v404-cyg-cyg-x-3-v4641-sgr-and-4ay4inh6o7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-source-parameters-379ja91y.png Table 2. Source parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-model-parameters-from-the-initial-fits-to-the-v404-iaz9bwej.png Table 3. Model parameters from the initial fits to the V404 Cyg preflare hard X-ray spectrum (10–79 keV). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-model-b-parameters-for-grs-1915-105-cyg-x-3-and-3mr2hq8f.png Table 6. Model B parameters for GRS 1915+105, Cyg X–3 and V4641 Sgr. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-2-20-kev-daily-light-curve-of-grs-1915-105-from-the-j73dzb9a.png Fig. 13. 2–20 keV daily light curve of GRS 1915+105 from The Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image/Gas Slit Camera (MAXI/GSC) since February 2019, with NuSTAR observations marked as arrows and radio flare detections (Motta et al. 2019; Trushkin et al. 2019; Koljonen et al. 2019) as vertical dotted lines. The data are colored and marked according to the spectral hardness shown in Fig. 14. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-initial-modeling-of-the-v404-cyg-preflare-spectrum-skzda76b.png Fig. 2. Initial modeling of the V404 Cyg preflare spectrum. Left: best-fit models fit to the hard X-ray data (10–79 keV), but plotted in the full data range. Different models are labeled, and the parameters are tabulated in Table 3. Solid lines refer to pure continuum models, dashed lines to absorbed continuum models, and dotted lines to reprocessed continuum models. Middle: fitting an absorbed cutoff power-law model to the full data range. The dot-dashed blue line corresponds to model A2 fit to the hard X-ray data (see left panel), the dotted green line corresponds to absorption and disk blackbody components added to the model, the dashed yellow line corresponds to partial absorption and smeared edge components added to the model, and the solid red line shows emission and absorption lines added to the model (parameters of the final model are tabulated in Table 4). See the text for more details. Right: fitting a reprocessed thermal Comptonization model to the full data range. The dot-dashed blue line corresponds to model R3 fit to the hard X-ray data (see the left panel), the dotted green line shows an increased value of the ionization parameter, the dashed yellow line corresponds to absorption and smeared edge components added to the model, and the solid red line shows partial absorption and an absorption line added to the model (parameters of the final model are tabulated in Table 4). See the text for more details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-maxi-gsc-hardness-intensity-diagram-of-grs-1915-105-14gg6k1y.png Fig. 14. MAXI/GSC hardness-intensity diagram of GRS 1915+105 from daily monitoring observations since August 2009. The blue data points (dark triangles and light blue squares) indicate the recent lowluminosity state with increased spectral hardness. The light blue squares correspond to the anomalous state with occasional strong X-ray flares (red diamonds) and highly variable radio emission. The numbered green boxes correspond to the NuSTAR epochs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-model-a-parameters-for-grs-1915-105-cyg-x-3-and-chy14qjy.png Table 5. Model A parameters for GRS 1915+105, Cyg X–3 and V4641 Sgr. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-model-a-parameters-for-v404-cyg-epochs-26cpjzcm.png Table 7. Model A parameters for V404 Cyg epochs. https://scispace.com/papers/the-october-1980-earthquake-sequence-near-the-new-hebrides-zcdb9pfc0n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-body-wave-synthetics-for-4-wwssn-stations-trace-a-in-190cvbo7.png Fig. 3. Body-wave synthetics for 4 WWSSN stations. Trace A in each group is the observed seismogram. Traces B have a trapezoidal time function of (to = 3 sec, t1 = 8 sec) as illustrated schematically in the figure and as discussed in the text. Traces C and D have time functions of (4,11) and (5,14) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-of-the-four-largest-events-in-the-d70kaudk.png TABLE I. Parameters of the Four Largest Events in the Sequence https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-seismicity-plots-of-the-area-covered-by-the-black-2wna005h.png Fig. 2. Seismicity plots of the area covered by the black square in Figure I. Stars indicate earthquakes; larger symbols indicate larger events. The solid lines contour the bathymetry (Mammerickx et al., 1974) in fathoms. Figure 2a shows the hypocenters, mechanisms, surface-wave magnitudes, and seismic moments for the four largest events in the sequence. Figures 2b and 2f show activity in 5 different time windows. The outer dotted line contains the later aftershock zone and was derived from Figure 2f. The inner dotted line contains the immediate aftershock zone and was drawn from Figure 2e. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i-the-tectonic-setting-of-the-southwest-pacific-ocean-2koku2ap.png Fig. I. The tectonic setting of the southwest Pacific ocean. The New Hebrides subduction zone is part of the boundary between the Pacific plate and the Australian plate. The events described in this paper occurred in the black square, near the Loyalty Islands, centered on 170 E and 22 S. The crosses locate the stations used by NEIS for epicenter determination. https://scispace.com/papers/the-oldest-record-of-hemiauchenia-gervais-and-ameghino-4k8zg18y2e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measurements-in-mm-of-the-mandible-of-mam-70-and-2h8hfucf.png Table 1 Measurements (in mm) of the mandible of MAM-70 and other Camelidae. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geographic-location-of-the-quarry-calera-avellaneda-3w45n6ax.png Fig. 1. Geographic location of the quarry ‘‘Calera Avellaneda’’ (368590140 0 S, 608140140 0 W), Olavarrı́a, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lithostratigraphical-profile-at-the-locality-where-the-3sy4sy52.png Fig. 2. Lithostratigraphical profile at the locality where the specimen of Hemiauchenia sp. (MAM-70) was found. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-geographic-and-temporal-distribution-of-lamini-a-21zu4mc7.png Fig. 6. Geographic and temporal distribution of Lamini. A. Marplatan (Salas et al., 2003; Scherer, 2009). B. Ensenadan (Ubilla and Perea, 1999; Scherer, 2009; MacFadden et al., 2013). C. Bonaerian (Deschamps, 2005; Scherer, 2009). D. Lujanian (Castellanos, 1944; Churcher, 1965; Marshall et al., 1984; Casamiquela, 1999; Tauber, 1999; López et al., 2005; Ferrero, 2006; Labarca and López, 2006; Socorro, 2006; Francia et al., 2013; Scherer, 2009). Modified from Scherer (2013). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measurements-in-mm-of-upper-and-lower-teeth-of-mam-3aia83vp.png Table 2 Measurements (in mm) of upper and lower teeth of MAM-70 and other Camelidae. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hemiauchenia-sp-mam-70-1-mandible-in-occlusal-view-1eq39b8m.png Fig. 4. Hemiauchenia sp., MAM-70. 1. Mandible in occlusal view; black arrows indicate the U-shape of labial lophids and white arrows indicate the weak mesiolabial stylid. 2. X-ray photograph of right c1 and i3. 3. Right mandible in lateral view. Scale bars: 10 mm (1, 3), 5 mm (2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-hemiauchenia-sp-mam-70-1-pelvic-girdle-2-cervical-w2xf4to1.png Fig. 5. Hemiauchenia sp., MAM-70. 1. Pelvic girdle. 2. Cervical vertebrae. 3. Thoracic vertebrae. Scale bars: 10 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/the-only-thing-that-stops-a-guy-with-a-bad-policy-is-a-guy-3f4hfgcnj8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-liability-issues-related-to-armed-guards-in-schools-mgtalr5u.png Table 2 Liability Issues Related to Armed Guards in Schools Potential Liability Who is Potentially Held Liable? https://scispace.com/papers/the-one-dimensional-coulomb-lattice-fluid-capacitor-2orfomhh5r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-left-charge-density-close-to-the-left-electrode-x6x2ki8g.png FIG. 11. Left: Charge density close to the left electrode (located at x = −1) as a function of the position for γ = 1, μ = 1, and Q = 1. Right: Charge density close to the left electrode (located at x = −1) as a function of the position for γ = 1, μ = 1, and Q = 4.25. The system size is 80. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-potential-drop-as-a-function-of-the-imposed-3k2af6e2.png FIG. 4. Average potential drop as a function of the imposed charge for γ = 1 and μ = 1 and system size 104. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dimensionless-free-enthalpy-as-a-function-of-the-199nmfiq.png FIG. 3. Dimensionless free enthalpy as a function of the system size for γ = 1 and μ = 100. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dimensionless-grand-potential-as-a-function-of-the-1onnmqzc.png FIG. 2. Dimensionless grand potential as a function of the system size for γ = 1 and μ = 100. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-exact-result-for-the-mean-charge-density-as-a-27ndoptl.png FIG. 14. Exact result for the mean charge density as a function of the position for μ = 1000 and Q = 0.5, for an odd number of sites (M = 81). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-left-exact-result-for-the-mean-charge-density-close-17nbv0w9.png FIG. 12. Left: Exact result for the mean charge density close to the left electrode (located at x = −1) as a function of the position for γ = 1, μ = 1, and Q = 0.5, for different values of the fugacity. Right: Exact result for the mean charge density as a function of the position for γ = 1, μ = 1, and Q = 0.5, for different values of the fugacity. The system size is 80. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-exact-result-for-the-mean-charge-density-as-a-11p7msy8.png FIG. 13. Exact result for the mean charge density as a function of the position for γ = 1 and μ = 100, for different values of the boundary charge. The system size is 80. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-mean-charge-density-r0-of-the-first-layer-as-a-3jmeq3bc.png FIG. 15. Mean charge density ρ0 of the first layer as a function of the surface charge Q for γ = 1 and μ ∈ {3, 10, 100} (the two big arrows indicate the change when μ increases). The system size is 500. https://scispace.com/papers/the-onset-of-dissipation-in-the-kinematic-dynamo-5b3mhzl6d5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-asymptotic-behavior-of-physical-quantities-three-2h4pklp5.png TABLE I. Asymptotic behavior of physical quantities. Three cases are considered:~i! no differential constraint; ~ii ! constraint given by Eq.~11! used; ~iii ! singular initial condition of Sec. V, which uses the constrain ~11!–~14!. The factorK is defined in~12!, J in ~25!. https://scispace.com/papers/the-open-cycle-gas-core-nuclear-rocket-engine-some-ws3qlqi5d8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-wl-rejection-system-cfjaracteristics-tr2tvulg.png TABLE 4 Wl REJECTION SYSTEM CfJARACTERISTICS https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-radiation-damage-t-o-the-titanium-i-s-of-fore-2xhm6o7a.png Table 2, radiation damage t o the titanium i s of fore primary coolant of 680 aim. 1%: l i t t l e consequence. An exposure of 2x10~7 N/ designs a t other pressures the weight of the gas em2 se t (100 Mars t r i p s ) causes very l i t t l e e f fec t pressure bearing components was scaled dlrect ly https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-open-cycle-gas-core-reactor-engine-e1ar0ebe.png Figure 1. - Schematic of the open-cycle gas-core reactor engine not t o scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-of-open-cycle-gas-core-reactor-3cw2tpxq.png Figure 2. - Schematic of open-cycle gas-core reactor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-r-from-eq-3-perce-t-ak-k-t-g-p-from-ywbuvhsl.png Fig. 4, R from Eq. (3), perce t Ak/k ( t g P ) from https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-and-percent-ok-k-p-ir-from-frg-5-fo-r-an-estimated-3aq4tpe4.png Table I, and percent ok/k (p$ir) from Frg. 5 fo r an estimated cavity pressure. The required f u e l addition Lo corvpevisate f o r the negative rcact,ivity i s determined from Fig. 7 and solution of Eq. ( 2 ) follows. I f t h i s agrees with the prccsure from Eq. ( l ) , a ~olui , ion has been ol~tained. Otherwise https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-f-o-r-10-f-t-12-f-t-and-1-4-f-t-diameter-reactor-30v97zki.png Fig. 7 f o r 10 f t , 12 f t , and 1 4 f t diameter reactor configurations. Decreasing fuel worth per uni t mass with increasing fue l loading i s a t t r ibuted t o increasing se l f shielding effect within the https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-efe-ect-of-hydrogen-distribution-of-core-properties-3v594vx3.png TABLE 1 EFE'ECT OF HYDROGEN DISTRIBUTION OF CORE PROPERTIES https://scispace.com/papers/the-operation-of-a-3d-wave-basin-in-force-control-19po66lu6r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-energy-content-for-a-uni-directional-jonswap-10yd47vv.png Figure 15: Energy content for a uni-directional JONSWAP spectrum with fp = 46/64 Hz, γ = 2.3 and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-amplitude-content-for-a-random-sea-state-based-zdafiysv.png Figure 10: Amplitude content for a random sea state based upon a uni-directional JONSWAP spectrum with https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-surface-profile-for-a-uni-directional-newwave-8xszfuvr.png Figure 11: Surface profile for a uni-directional NewWave group based upon a JONSWAP spectrum with https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-empirical-transfer-function-for-a-3d-wave-basin-fu7nbroy.png Figure 5: Empirical transfer function for a 3D wave basin, after Masterton & Swan (2008); α = 0 ◦, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dimensionless-first-order-coefficients-the-black-rez4fn8j.png Figure 6: Dimensionless first-order coefficients. The black lines represent e0 and the grey lines represent https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-surface-profile-for-a-multi-directional-newwave-1lph2e8j.png Figure 12: Surface profile for a multi-directional NewWave group based upon a JONSWAP spectrum with https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-amplitude-absorption-coefficient-for-a-flap-type-3auwx940.png Figure 8: Amplitude absorption coefficient for a flap-type wavemaker (d/h = 0.533) in a wave basin with https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-added-mass-coefficient-h-l0-0-1-h-l0-0-3-h-l0-0-5-a-2sc9km8j.png Figure 7: Added mass coefficient. h/L0 = 0.1, h/L0 = 0.3, h/L0 = 0.5. (a) Piston-type https://scispace.com/papers/the-opportunities-of-big-data-analytics-in-supply-market-2cubwmad2k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-data-categorization-integration-based-research-2v0pgqol.png Fig. 2. Data categorization / integration -based research framework (Source: modified from [24]; [23]; [22]) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-examples-of-pre-knowledge-in-different-categories-21eqrgf3.png Table 2. Examples of pre-knowledge in different categories based on empirical research https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pre-knowledge-categorization-in-the-context-of-smi-1dxxrk9e.png Fig. 3. Pre-knowledge categorization in the context of SMI https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-data-information-knowledge-and-intelligence-in-smi-mdjhkpm5.png Fig. 1. Data, information, knowledge and intelligence in SMI (Source: [3]; [17]) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-data-collection-3n2pqr3v.png Table 1. Overview of the data collection https://scispace.com/papers/the-optimal-choice-of-encoding-parameters-for-mpeg-4-aac-1t9inq1jja 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distortion-relative-to-masking-curve-2h7p625o.png Table 2: Distortion relative to masking curve https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-average-anmr-values-3khqtqd3.png Table 1: Comparison of average ANMR values https://scispace.com/papers/the-open-cluster-chemical-abundances-and-mapping-survey-iv-ujwr8qzbuc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-occam-dr16-sample-detailed-chemistry-1omaxyf6.png Table 2 OCCAM DR16 Sample—Detailed Chemistry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-difference-in-reported-fe-h-from-dr14-to-dr16-for-31ekxwy5.png Figure 3. Difference in reported [Fe/H] from DR14 to DR16 for the 19 clusters from OCCAMII. Characteristic error bar is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-a-summary-of-the-individual-star-data-included-in-1a10n4l1.png Table 3 A Summary of the Individual Star Data Included in the DR16 OCCAM VAC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-full-occam-dr16-sample-plotted-in-the-galactic-3if5380u.png Figure 2. The full OCCAM DR16 sample plotted in the Galactic plane. Square points are “high-quality” clusters, triangles are the lower-quality clusters. The colorbar shows [Fe/H]. The concentric circles show RGC=8, 16, & 24 kpc. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-gradients-measured-in-four-age-bins-as-for-figure-1t2greoj.png Figure 14. Gradients measured in four age bins as for Figure 11 are plotted for each element. Points increase in size from youngest to oldest; the color indicates number of clusters used to measure each gradient. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-occam-iv-clusters-red-plotted-with-the-pure-apy0ngdr.png Figure 13. OCCAM IV clusters (red) plotted with the pure chemical evolution model of Chiappini (2009) (blue line) and the MCM chemo-dynamical simulation (Minchev et al. 2013, 2014), separated into the age bins used previously. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-similar-to-figure-3-but-for-other-elements-24o178wc.png Figure 4. Similar to Figure 3, but for other elements. Characteristic error bars are shown. Data points are colored by their [Fe/H], as reported in APOGEE DR16 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-difference-between-the-metallicities-in-the-lamost-2pr9hd2w.png Figure 5. Difference between the metallicities in the LAMOST (from Zhang et al. 2019) and APOGEE surveys for open clusters in common. Color bar indicates the number of APOGEE stars in the cluster (saturating at 5). Square symbols denote clusters with a single star in Zhang et al. (2019). https://scispace.com/papers/the-optimal-number-of-firms-with-an-application-to-2ado1jewhm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-the-number-of-firms-under-different-2k8g2dua.png Figure 2. comparison of the number of firms under different regimes the number of firms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-critical-consumers-in-the-case-of-the-cartel-onj3hhmh.png Figure 1. the critical consumers in the case of the cartel with full collusion https://scispace.com/papers/the-optimization-of-medical-x-ray-images-10rcnjxn2d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-software-system-design-zgmuc1ls.png Fig. 3. Software system design. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-original-x-ray-images-on-the-left-and-optimalized-5cf59t2c.png Fig. 5. Original X-ray images on the left and optimalized images on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-original-chest-x-ray-image-on-the-left-and-optimalized-1yebzq94.png Fig. 4. Original chest X-ray image on the left and optimalized image on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-image-optimization-steps-p50df985.png Fig. 2. Image optimization steps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-reference-images-rnzwp2m0.png Fig. 1. Reference images. https://scispace.com/papers/the-orbital-distribution-of-near-earth-objects-inside-earth-ulvxo3l51x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-glossary-of-acronyms-and-symbols-6dqvk3hh.png Table 1.1: Glossary of acronyms and symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-2-residence-time-probability-distribution-r3-1-a-e-xpodzxmy.png Figure A.2: Residence time probability distribution, R3:1 (a, e, i), for the NEOSSat-1.0 NEO orbital model. This figure is constructed the same as Figure 2.4 except it only displays the 3:1 source. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-residence-time-probability-distribution-rneo-a-e-30dpofci.png Figure 3.3: Residence time probability distribution, RNEO(a, e, i), for inclinations up to 180◦ for the NEOSSat-1.0 NEO orbital model. The color scheme represents the logarithm of relative density of residence time spent in any given cell in relation to the amount of residence time spent in all cells. The dashed line divides retrograde from direct orbits. The retrograde NEA population makes up ≃ 0.10% of the steady-state NEO population. Two known retrograde NEOs are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-residence-time-probability-distribution-rneo-a-e-3l978uaf.png Figure 2.2: Residence time probability distribution, RNEO(a, e, i), from our recomputation of the Bottke et al. (2002) integrations using a smaller timestep. To monitor the orbital evolution of each particle, a grid of a, e, i cells was placed throughout the inner Solar System from a < 4.2 AU, e < 1.0, and i < 90◦ with volume 0.05 AU x 0.02 x 2.00◦ (Bottke et al., 2002). To create the a, e plot the i bins are summed and the e bins are summed to create the a, i plot. The color scheme represents the percentage of the steady-state NEO population contained in each bin. Red colors represent cells where there is a high probability of particles spending their time. The curved lines divide the NEO region into Amor, Apollo, Aten, and Atira populations as well as indicate Venus and Mercury crossing orbits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-in-order-to-determine-how-much-of-the-residence-2i5iv9hc.png Figure 2.3: In order to determine how much of the residence time probability distribution displayed in Figure 2.2 is due to small-number stastistics fluctuations, some of which are due to single particles, the residence time was computed by splitting the even- and odd-numbered particle contributions of the asteroidal source regions. Two projections of the resultingRNEO(a, e, i) are shown here. The even-numbered particle contribution is shown in the top plot while the odd-numbered particle contribution is shown in the bottom plot. The discrepancies between these two plots show the potential importance of small-number statistics in our B02 recomputation. Particularly, the a < 1.0 AU regions show large discrepencies in the NEO population. The fractions of NEOs in each class vary by a factor of 2-3 between the even and odd particle splits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-approximate-a-i-locations-of-the-3-1-mean-motion-1zn0f3dg.png Figure 1.2: Approximate (a, i) locations of the 3:1 mean-motion resonance and ν6 secular resonance for e = 0 orbits. To the right of the ν6 curve an object has an orbital frequency less than the sixth secular frequency of the Solar System while to the left of the curve an object’s orbital frequency is greater than the sixth secular frequency. If an object is locacted on a point along the ν6 curve that object’s orbital frequency is equal to the sixth secular frequency of the Solar System and a resonant response occurs. This resonant response can quickly increase the eccentricity of an object to a Sun-grazing orbit within 1 Myr (Farinella et al., 1994) unless a planetary close encounter removes the object from the resonance. A similar resonant response occurs for objects located along the 3:1 mean-motion line shown above. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-number-of-test-particles-integrated-for-each-1h0kf5l5.png Table 2.1: Number of test particles integrated for each source region for the Bottke et al. (2002) model, our B02 recomputation, and the NEOSSat-1.0 model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-3-residence-time-probability-distribution-rimc-a-e-2rijcpet.png Figure A.3: Residence time probability distribution, RIMC (a, e, i), for the NEOSSat-1.0 NEO orbital model. This figure is constructed the same as Figure 2.4 except it only displays the IMC source. https://scispace.com/papers/the-orbitofrontal-cortex-in-temporal-cognition-5g7b776lgm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-orbitofrontal-cortex-in-temporal-cognition-471-3dm0nqzw.png Table 1. Orbitofrontal Cortex in Temporal Cognition 471 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-timing-and-temporal-cognition-tasks-a-1u4pi5zk.png Figure 1. Examples of timing and temporal cognition tasks. A. In an explicit timing task, a mouse learns 193 the reward delay associated with each cue and produces anticipatory licking during the appropriate cue-194 specific interval. B. In an implicit timing task each trial may be initiated by a cue (green or red), and humans 195 are asked to respond to a white square. In valid trials each cue is associated with a short or long delay, but 196 in a small number of invalid trials the relationship is reversed. Reaction times are faster in the valid trials 197 even though the task simply requires responding to the target. C. Temporal discounting tasks require 198 animals to select between a smaller-sooner reward versus a larger-later reward. Whereas the delay to the 199 small reward remains at 10 s, typically the delays to the larger reward increase in trial blocks from 10s, 20s, 200 40s, up to 60s. D. Temporal wagering tasks require animals to wait for variable delay reward following 201 discrimination (i.e., categorization) of an uncertain stimulus. Longer wait times are generally associated 202 with certainty, a proxy for confidence. Importantly, animals can abort the trial at any time during the delay, 203 an outcome generally associated with uncertainty. E. Temporal distribution tasks require animals to 204 discriminate between options with different distributions of reward delays. In this example, animals initiate 205 a trial (central white square), then choose between stimuli associated with the same mean wait time (µ=10s) 206 but different standard deviation of delays (s either 1s or 4s). 207 https://scispace.com/papers/the-oral-spelling-profile-of-posterior-cortical-atrophy-and-1lyt1yosey 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-number-of-errors-and-standard-deviations-for-3kdog7st.png Table 4. Mean number of errors and standard deviations for the different PALPA spelling subset and relative conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographic-data-and-neuropsychological-scores-for-r5s2cy2k.png Table 2. Demographic data and neuropsychological scores for the 8 individuals with PCA tested in Experiment 2 (left hand side) and for the 20 patients tested in Experiment 3 (right hand side). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-linguistic-features-of-the-geminate-and-non-geminate-2d7m0kgs.png Table 6. Linguistic features of the geminate and non-geminate word stimuli used in Experiment 3 and comparisons (2-tailed t-tests; p values). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-proportion-of-errors-made-by-individuals-with-pca-in-2e60pqro.png Table 7. Proportion of errors made by individuals with PCA in Experiment 3 on geminate and nongeminate words, geminate and non-geminate letters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-errors-in-the-different-error-2vovhtkq.png Figure 2. Percentage of errors in the different error subcategories within the phonologically implausible errors: substitutions, deletions, insertion, transpositions and mixed errors. Error bars represent standard errors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-for-each-typology-of-error-concerning-geminate-words-1swmbep7.png Table 5. For each typology of error concerning geminate words the total number, percentage, mean and standard deviation are reported. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-data-and-mean-sd-neuropsychological-3b3vvqgf.png Table 1. Demographic data and mean (SD) neuropsychological scores for the 60 individuals with PCA enrolled in Experiment 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-of-spelling-errors-classified-in-the-1mimk5ak.png Figure 1. Percentage of spelling errors classified in the different categories: phonologically plausible, phonologically implausible and others. Error bars represent standard errors. https://scispace.com/papers/the-organization-of-visually-mediated-actions-in-a-subject-31i0rkqqkp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-fixations-made-by-a-normal-subject-during-the-first-1z3hhee8.png Fig. 1. (a) Fixations made by a normal subject during the first section of a tea-making task (filling the kettle). (b) Fixations made by AI during the same episode. The objects looked at were very similar in the two cases, but AI used less than half as many fixations. Her fixations were not stationary, as can be seen in Fig. 2b. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-comparison-of-the-average-timings-of-body-movements-19vgvj54.png Fig. 3. A comparison of the average timings of body movements, gaze movements and manipulations for the self-paced object-related acts made by AI and the three controls. All timings were indexed to the beginning of the first saccade to each new object. The sequence was the same for AI and the controls: body movement (where required)—fixation—manipulation. The only statistically significant timing difference was that AI’s gaze left the previous object for the next later than the controls. The other difference was that her saccades lasted much longer than those of the controls (black rectangles on the fixation record). Numbers are times in seconds. For further details see Land et al. (1999). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-records-of-gaze-of-a-normal-subject-a-and-ai-b-during-1030uo8k.png Fig. 2. Records of gaze of a normal subject (a) and AI (b) during the early part of the episode illustrated in Fig. 1. (a) shows records of eye-in-head and head-in-space directions, and gaze direction, which is the sum of the two. Saccades are arrowed. In (b) there is only one record because AI has no eye movements, so gaze and head-in-space records are the same. AI showed distinct head saccades, indicated by ‘spikes’ in the velocity record. However, during ‘fixations’ her gaze drifted at speeds of up to 30°/s. The numbers in (b) correspond to the locations shown in Fig. 1b. Note that the sequence in (b) takes in more acts than (a), hence the difference in time scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scheme-illustrating-the-flow-of-information-during-an-137063ku.png Fig. 4. Scheme illustrating the flow of information during an object-related act. At the beginning of each object-related act the schema (or script) must supply the visual system with information about the identity of the next object, the oculomotor system with information about its location, and the motor system about the action(s) to be performed. The visual and oculomotor systems also require information about the monitoring actions to be performed. The action commences once the object is located, and terminates when the monitoring indicates that the appropriate condition is fulfilled. Further actions on the same object may be initiated or the action terminated and the script consulted again for the instructions for the next action. https://scispace.com/papers/the-origin-of-dwarf-early-type-galaxies-in-the-virgo-cluster-4oe1j6hkmf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-anisotropy-diagram-the-solid-line-is-the-model-for-an-3l2v4rw3.png Fig. 1. Anisotropy diagram. The solid line is the model for an isotropic oblate system flattened by rotation (Binney 1978). Triangles are giant ellipticals (from Emsellem et al. 2007), with slow rotators (vmax/σ < 0.1) in dark grey, and fast rotators (vmax/σ > 0.1) in light grey. Blue, red and green symbols show our sample of dEs as classified by Lisker et al. (2006a) into disk, no disk and not in their sample respectively. The filled dots and the open squares indicate galaxies with and without disks on the basis of C4. Lower limits on vmax are indicated with arrows. The black symbols represent the median for dEs with (black dot)/without disk (black square) based on C4 classification. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-left-observed-rotation-curves-of-rotationally-1y7etre4.png Fig. 3. Left: observed rotation curves of rotationally supported dEs (grey symbols) in comparison to the fitted rotation curves of late-type spiral galaxies (black solid and blue dashed lines) from Catinella et al. (2006). Blue dots represent the median of our rotationally supported dEs and the grey area indicates the 1σ deviation. Right: TullyFisher relation for our rotationally supported dEs (in dark blue) compared to the data on dEs by van Zee et al. (2004) (in light blue) and on normal spirals by Giovanelli et al. (1997b) (in grey) and De Rijcke et al. (2007) (DR07, in red). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-anisotropy-parameter-vs-the-angular-distance-to-m-87-3923s48i.png Fig. 2. Anisotropy parameter vs. the angular distance to M 87 (centre of Virgo) in the left and vs. the age in the right. The symbols are as in Figure 1. The light and dark grey rectangles limit the regions for fast and slow rotating Es (Emsellem et al. 2007). The solid line ((vmax/σ) ∗ = 0.8) divides the diagrams into rotationally and pressure supported galaxies. In the left panel the open triangles are from van Zee et al. (2004). In the right panel the ages are from Michielsen et al. (2008). https://scispace.com/papers/the-origin-and-evolution-of-the-surfactant-system-in-fish-3ogbtofygs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cuboidal-epithelial-cells-in-the-lining-of-the-swim-3j9p8bfn.png Figure 2. Cuboidal epithelial cells in the lining of the swim bladder of the tarpon Megalops cyprinoides. The cells have a large nucleus and contain either numerous electron-lucent structures (A, arrows, scale mm) or electron-dense structures (B, arrows, scale mm).bar p 2 bar p 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-rate-of-adsorption-of-tarpon-megalops-cyprinoides-33kqgj66.png Figure 5. Rate of adsorption of tarpon (Megalops cyprinoides) surfactant (10 mg/mL PL) to the air-liquid interface of a bubble in the captive bubble surfactometer. The surface tension at the end of adsorption is the equilibrium surface tension (STeq). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-quasi-static-qs-surface-tension-area-relations-for-n3x1ond6.png Figure 6. Quasi-static (QS) surface tension–area relations for tarpon (Megalops cyprinoides) surfactant on the captive bubble surfactometer at (A) 22 C and (B) 37 C; the first, second, and fourth QS cycles (qs1, qs2, and qs4, respectively) are given for comparison. The lower limb of each curve represents compression and the upper expansion. The lowest point at the end of compression represents STmin. The change in surface area compression (%SAcomp) required to reach STmin is an indication of the surface tension–lowering quality of the sample. Sample concentration was 10 mg/mL PL. A color version of this figure is available in the online edition of the journal. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-morphological-characteristics-of-surfactant-from-1mq34e92.png Table 1: Morphological characteristics of surfactant from fishes (Osteichthyes) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-surfactant-composition-in-fishes-osteichthyes-25j3e1cz.png Table 2: Surfactant composition in fishes (Osteichthyes) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-schematic-diagram-of-the-evolutionary-sequence-of-1l6hz1nh.png Figure 7. Schematic diagram of the evolutionary sequence of air-breathing organs among the fishes. The ontogenetic origin (i.e., ventral or dorsal) and the evolution of lungs, swim bladders, and their blood supply and the loss of respiratory function are indicated in italics. ; . Figure modified from Perry et al. (2001).Resp. p respiratory fn p function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-immunogold-labeling-of-sp-a-a-scale-mm-sp-bar-p-0-2-jafsgyse.png Figure 3. Immunogold labeling of SP-A (A; scale mm), SP-bar p 0.2 B (B; scale mm), and SP-D (C; scale mm) in thebar p 0.5 bar p 0.5 respiratory swim bladder of the tarpon Megalops cyprinoides. SP-A was localized in the air spaces (filled arrows) and in the epithelial cells (open arrows), whereas SP-B appeared to be primarily associated with lamellar bodies (arrows). The presence of SP-D was restricted only to the airspaces (arrows). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-surface-activity-of-surfactant-from-fishes-188by4om.png Table 3: Surface activity of surfactant from fishes (Osteichthyes) https://scispace.com/papers/the-origin-of-centennial-to-millennial-scale-chronological-4bsccbe7gk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-graphic-representation-of-cungulla-ridge-plain-r8grnt6c.png Fig. 3. Graphic representation of Cungulla ridge plain elevation data overlain by: (a) OSL and sediment sampling sites; and (b) cross-section of Cungulla ridge plain showing height of ridges above AHD, OSL dates with error margins and modelled TC intensity required to produce inundation level equal to ridge height based upon mean tide level. Note seaward side of cross-section is to left of igure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-significant-wave-height-hs-from-wave-rider-buoy-in-15-1yi4ck4g.png Fig. 2. Significant wave height (Hs) from wave rider buoy in 15 m depth water, Cape Cleveland, Townsville from 1975 to 2011.Winter refers to months June, July, August and summer refers to December, January, February. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-map-of-the-cungulla-ridge-plain-including-2gb489d3.png Fig. 1. Location map of the Cungulla ridge plain including delineation of mapped ridge crests. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-map-showing-the-location-of-aspect-analysis-results-25v13wct.png Fig. 4. (a) Map showing the location of ASPECT analysis results and (b and c) sample images of ASPECT analysis data. Dotted lines indicate the orientation of Type 2 ridges and all other ridges in the sequence are likely Type 1 ridges. Solid lines indicate truncations in Type 1 ridges. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cross-section-of-cungulla-ridge-plain-sediment-data-345v8azs.png Fig. 5. Cross-section of Cungulla ridge plain sediment data (after Hopley, 1970) showing height of ridges above AHD, skewness with interpretation and modelled TC intensity required to produce inundation level equal to ridge height based upon mean tide level. https://scispace.com/papers/the-origin-and-significance-of-pedogenic-dolomite-from-the-21zz44nta8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-colour-online-a-palaeosol-type-c-lacustrine-21n8vf9b.png Figure 4. (Colour online) A Palaeosol Type C lacustrine-associated palaeosol showing lacustrine carbonate at the top (marked A). (a) shows the carbonate top (A) which is composed of micritic mud with 1 mm wide curvilinear laminations; (b) is a petrographic thin-section of (a) showing ostracod (arrowed) from lacustrine top, which has been stained with a calcite-specific stain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-the-orenburg-region-south-urals-russia-close-4p3vjarg.png Figure 1. Map of the Orenburg region, South Urals, Russia, close to the border with Kazakhstan. The sections at Buzulukskoe, Boyevaya Gora, Mescheryakovka, Petropavlovka, Sambullak and Tuyembetka are marked. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-colour-online-the-morphological-and-petrological-jakj2sfq.png Figure 5. (Colour online) The morphological and petrological features seen in the carbonate nodules. (a) shows sharp dolomitic nodule boundaries and central core (arrowed) from a Type A palaeosol. (b) Photomicrograph of a dolomitic carbonate nodule from a Type A palaeosol with clotted fabric (arrowed). (c) Photomicrograph showing a floating quartz grain (arrowed) surrounded by crypto-microcrystalline calcite from a Type D palaeosol. (d) A photomicrograph showing a sinuous vein (arrowed) filled in with euhedral calcite. The cryptocrystalline groundmass is dolomitic from a Type B palaeosol. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-colour-online-isotopic-data-from-the-micritic-3kod6rno.png Figure 9. (Colour online) Isotopic data from the micritic fraction of the pedogenic nodules from the sections in the South Urals, Russia, and the organic carbon values recovered from Sambullak (see Dataset 2 – stable isotope results for values in the online Appendix at http://journals.cambridge.org/geo). The isotopic values for modern pedogenic calcite and dolomite are from Kohut, Muehlenbacks & Dudas (1995) from soils from Alberta, Canada. The grey shaded area is the area of carbonate that can be explained purely by the oxidation of organic matter in the soil (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-colour-online-stratigraphic-distribution-of-13yrtuzo.png Figure 11. (Colour online) Stratigraphic distribution of calcite, lacustrine dolomite and pedogenic dolomite in palaeosols from Boyevaya Gora, Tuyembetka, Sambullak Buzulukskoe, Petropavlovka and Mescheryakovka. Palaeomagnetic data from Taylor et al. (1999). The line graph on the far left shows percentage of the pedogenic dolomitic palaeosols across the basin for the specific chron. Arrowed E indicates position of mass extinction horizon, from the global composite magnetostratigraphic correlation of Hounslow et al. (2008). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-biostratigraphic-and-magnetostratigraphic-3m3lz63e.png Figure 2. Biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic correlations of the sections in this study. Biostratigraphic control for the sections was compiled from Surkov et al. (2007) and Tverdokhlebov et al. (2002, 2005) with correlation to the global timescale based on Benton, Tverdokhlebov & Surkov (2004). Palaeomagnetic data and correlations are based on Taylor et al. (2009) (including the names of the palaeomagnetic zones) and correlated to Steiner’s (2006) global stratigraphy. The stratigraphy in the left column is the international stratigraphy; right column is the local Russian stratigraphy. Arrowed E indicates position of mass extinction horizon, from the global composite magnetostratigraphic correlation of Hounslow et al. (2008). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-colour-online-two-petrographic-slides-both-from-32jb42my.png Figure 6. (Colour online) Two petrographic slides both from carbonate nodules from Type A palaeosols (a, c), both stained with dolomite-specific stain, and the respective nodules from which the slides came (b, d). (a) is a dolomitic nodule where (i) is the later calcitic sinuous vein which has not taken up the stain and (ii) is the dolomitic cryptocrystalline groundmass which has taken up the stain. (b) is the nodule from which slide (a) was taken. (c) is a calcite nodule where both the later vein filling calcite (iii) and cryptocrystalline calcite (ix) have not taken up the stain. (d) is the nodule from which slide (c) was cut. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-features-of-the-different-pedotypes-identified-in-1zpk7sqd.png Table 1. Features of the different pedotypes identified in the South Urals of Russia and their frequency of occurrence in the sections studied https://scispace.com/papers/the-origin-of-mount-st-helens-andesites-3i7x42eza0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3ujzjm2e.png Table 1: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-covyd9e5.png Figure 7: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-r6spe46l.png Figure 4: https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-3jspqzim.png Table 6: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1fukq94f.png Figure 1: https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2glk9ybb.png Table 4: https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-38avsobb.png Table 3: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-24uk20z2.png Figure 10: https://scispace.com/papers/the-origin-of-mouth-exhaled-ammonia-54p94dpn39 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-repeatability-test-31uk8je1.png Table 1. The repeatability test. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-oral-fluid-urea-and-ammonia-nh4-2p7lvvte.png Table 2. Correlations between oral fluid urea and ammonia (NH4 + +NH3) in the intra-subject and intersubject tests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-correlation-between-oral-fluid-urea-and-ammonia-1ret239d.png Figure 1. The correlation between oral fluid urea and ammonia (NH4 + +NH3) in the fasting test of a single individual. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlations-between-oral-fluid-ammonia-and-mouth-16izvfwv.png Table 4. Correlations between oral fluid ammonia and mouth-exhaled NH3, and between oral fluid NH3 and mouth-exhaled NH3 in the oral disinfectant in vivo test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-mean-values-of-ammonia-nh4-nh3-concentration-218b0iqu.png Figure 4. The mean values of ammonia (NH4 + +NH3) concentration from three repeat in vitro experiments. Error bars represent one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-compositions-of-six-test-tubes-in-the-1u583hky.png Table 1. The repeatability test. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-between-oral-fluid-nh3-and-mouth-3qonac1z.png Table 3. Correlations between oral fluid NH3 and mouth-exhaled NH3 in the intra-subject and intersubject tests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-correlation-between-oral-fluid-nh3-and-mouth-3vzhls9i.png Figure 2. The correlation between oral fluid NH3 and mouth-exhaled NH3 in the inter-subject test. https://scispace.com/papers/the-origin-of-the-structure-of-large-scale-magnetic-fields-563vs77kuu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-magnetic-field-lines-projected-on-to-the-x-y-galaxy-2vqspb93.png Figure 1. Magnetic field lines projected on to the x-y (galaxy) plane. Ten field lines are shown, each originating on the z = 0 plane at R = 5.5 kpc and extending until z = 5 kpc. The field lines show trailing spirals as the galaxy rotation is counter-clockwise. This occurs due to angular momentum transport, and hence radial flow, created by the vertical shear and mediated by the magnetic field. The halo gas has lower angular momentum than the WIM, and is therefore spun outwards. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-magnetic-field-lines-in-the-r-z-plane-these-lines-30nvon3i.png Figure 2. Magnetic field lines in the R-z plane. These lines are created assuming Bφ is zero. If this plot were created in 3D, with Bφ included, the field lines would also bend in azimuth as depicted in Fig. 1. This figure shows that the ratio Bz/BR is not far from unity for most of the WIM/halo. At small |z | < 100 pc our model is not relevant as we neglect the dense galactic plane where e.g. star formation is taking place. The field appears pinched at small z as an initially vertical field is spun outwards at large z due to angular momentum transport mediated by the magnetic field. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-top-panel-this-figure-is-the-same-as-the-10-case-in-24f6bu7i.png Figure 8. Top panel: This figure is the same as the 10◦ case in Fig. 6 (i.e. a wavelength of 20 cm), but here with a field strength of Bc = 4 µG. This results in very strong Faraday rotation. Thus there is almost no polarized flux on the receding side of the galaxy, while some remains on the approaching side. The polarization vectors are strongly rotated with no obvious pattern in the low polarized flux regions. Bottom panel: Same as top panel but with polarized flux shown on log scale to highlight the polarization vectors in regions of low flux. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-this-figure-is-the-same-as-the-10-case-in-fig-5-i-e-20hd51i3.png Figure 7. This figure is the same as the 10◦ case in Fig. 5 (i.e. a wavelength of 6 cm), but here with a field strength of Bc = 4 µG. This results in stronger Faraday rotation. Thus there is a larger drop in polarized flux on the receding side of the galaxy. At significantly larger field strengths the emission would be strongly depolarized, which at this wavelength and inclination is generally not seen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-same-as-fig-5-but-for-a-wavelength-of-20-cm-in-1d3ry6f2.png Figure 6. The same as Fig. 5 but for a wavelength of 20 cm. In this case the polarized flux is reduced by Faraday depolarization. Even in the face on case there is a small reduction in flux. As the inclination is increased there is a dramatic drop in flux on the receding side of the galaxy (recall that the galaxy rotates counter-clockwise). At 20− 30◦ inclinations there is also a drop in flux on the approaching side. The resulting pattern of polarized intensity with azimuth is reminiscent of some of the observed data presented in Fig. 1 of Braun et al. (2010). In this case the regions of lower polarized flux contains ordered, but rotated, B-vectors – indicating that the Faraday rotation angle is order unity, and not several rotations (cf. Fig. 8 below). Note that in this figure the colour bar scale is larger than in Fig. 5 above – in Fig. 5 the colour scale was condensed to highlight small variation, while here the variations are substantial. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-same-as-fig-3-but-viewed-edge-on-the-colour-etk4m83e.png Figure 4. The same as Fig. 3 but viewed edge-on. The colour represents the emissivity of polarized flux. The black lines represent the polarization B-vectors. In this case the field has a strength of Bc = 1 µG, and the assumed wavelength is 6 cm. We have blanked out the emission from the midplane to reinforce that our model is not relevant for emission from the galactic plane. The field lines show a larger radial component at small z ∼ zWIM and a larger vertical component at z ∼ zhalo. This structure is similar to those observed for e.g. NGC 891 and NGC 4631 (Krause 2009). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-mock-representation-of-a-galaxy-viewed-face-on-9p791bhn.png Figure 3. A mock representation of a galaxy viewed face-on. The colour represents the emissivity of polarized flux. The black lines represent the polarization B-vectors. In this case the field has a field strength of Bc = 1 µG, and the assumed wavelength is 6 cm. In this case there is only small Faraday rotation of most of the emission from the WIM, and thus the polarization tracks the field direction in this region. This structure is similar to those observed for e.g. NGC 4736 (Beck & Wielebinski 2013). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-fractional-polarized-flux-with-polarization-b-36ocwcss.png Figure 5. The fractional polarized flux, with polarization B-vectors, for four different inclinations. In this case the field has a strength of Bc = 1 µG, and the wavelength is 6 cm. The plots show the observed polarized flux in this case is 90-100 per cent of the total emitted polarized flux. This is as expected for these parameters. As the inclination is increased an asymmetry appears, with less flux emitted on the receding side (recall that the galaxy rotates counter-clockwise, and as the inclination angle is increased the top half of the galaxy moves into the page), but the change in polarized flux is minimal. https://scispace.com/papers/the-owenite-community-at-ralahine-county-clare-1831-33-a-45mbfa34hy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-1ltppvd9.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/papers/the-outcome-of-sintering-parameters-study-toward-the-thermal-4uo1w7qjjt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustrates-the-set-up-of-the-thermal-conductivity-a6x3xkn7.png Figure 2: Illustrates the set-up of the thermal conductivity measurement for CuSiC composite [4, 5] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-sequence-of-steps-utilised-in-the-powder-26y3t77p.png Figure 1: The sequence of steps utilised in the powder metallurgy process of CuSiC metal matrix composite (MMC) production [2,4] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-thermal-conductivity-value-for-all-the-tested-cusic-16mzlpp5.png Table 2: Thermal conductivity value for all the tested CuSiC composites [4] https://scispace.com/papers/the-oxidation-and-magnetic-properties-of-mp-recording-media-5aqo3mbimk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-bulk-magnetic-properties-of-oxidized-mp-particles-q26jh7e9.png TABLE II BULK MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF OXIDIZED MP PARTICLES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-electron-micrographs-of-oxidized-particles-m4jq2gpe.png Fig. 4. Electron micrographs of oxidized particles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-particle-temperature-with-oxidation-time-3q4qlrcn.png Fig. 1. Particle temperature with oxidation time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-x-ray-diffraction-spectra-of-oxidized-particles-3n1rf2gz.png Fig. 3. X-ray diffraction spectra of oxidized particles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-chemical-composition-and-physical-size-of-the-1aiw6o1x.png TABLE I CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND PHYSICAL SIZE OF THE INVESTIGATED PARTICLES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sfds-of-oxidized-particles-1q3a1u9x.png Fig. 2. SFD’s of oxidized particles. https://scispace.com/papers/the-oxidation-of-soot-particulate-in-the-presence-of-no2-2v6cm50uh7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-apparent-activation-energies-kj-mol-1-of-soot-1szhknum.png Table 2. Apparent activation energies (kJ mol-1) of soot samples determined from Fig. 3d in the absence and presence of NO2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-illustration-of-the-oxidation-of-soot-spheres-initial-149uuy8f.png Fig. 4. Illustration of the oxidation of soot spheres: initial surface oxidation and removal of volatile parts is followed by (a) formation of small pores by anisotropic oxidation of graphene layers, (b) pore widening, and (c) size reduction. Carbon sphere reprinted from literature [25], © 1997, with permission from Elsevier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-composition-of-heavy-duty-diesel-engine-exhaust-data-o74p27u4.png Fig. 1. Composition of heavy duty diesel engine exhaust (data compiled from literature [15]). The diagram shows the amount of basically harmless and harmful compounds in the exhaust gas of a diesel engine. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structural-and-electronic-differences-of-2othdr4z.png Table 1. Structural and electronic differences of investigated soot samples (data compiled from literature [4]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hrtem-micrographs-of-a-euro-iv-b-bs-and-c-gfg-soot-twl5szy2.png Fig. 2. HRTEM micrographs of (a) Euro IV, (b) BS, and (c) GfG soot. Reprinted from literature [1]. Reproduced by permission of the PCCP Owner Societies. (d–f) TGA measurements of soot samples in 10% O2/1.5% H2O/bal. N2 and in 500 ppm NO2/10% O2/1.5% H2O/bal. N2; arrows indicate the effects of NO2 addition and increasing heating rate β. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-c-comparison-of-co2-profiles-recorded-during-tga-5-1ztbwcmi.png Fig. 3. (a-c) Comparison of CO2 profiles recorded during TGA (5% O2/1.5% H2O/bal. N2) in the absence and presence of 500 ppm NO2 (inset: magnification of low-temperature CO2 formation); (d) determination of apparent kinetic parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/the-oxidative-metabolism-of-sparteine-in-the-cuna-55lbbfmkhj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-coned-1v0mn77d.png Table I. -Coned https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-probit-plots-of-the-lmr-log-sp1dh-from-142-cuna-2im93pmr.png Fig. 2. Probit plots of the LMR (log SP1DH) from 142 Cuna Amerindians and 154 Ghanaians reported by Eichelbaum and Woolhouse.' No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found by the Mann-Whitney U test. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-subject-data-for-urinary-elimination-of-sparteine-r6jma0hd.png Table 1. Subject data for urinary elimination of sparteine and its metabolites in 142 Cuna • Amerindians of Panama https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-sparteine-metabolic-ratios-in-cuna-amerindians-31fmqqju.png Table III. Sparteine metabolic ratios in Cuna Amerindians, black Ghanaians, and Canadian whites https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-oant-d-yps5dfls.png Table I. -Coned https://scispace.com/papers/the-p38a-mapk-positively-regulates-osteoblast-function-and-4xv6zr0c4g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mice-lacking-p38a-in-their-osteoblasts-exhibit-low-1t1c59l3.png Fig. 2 Mice lacking p38a in their osteoblasts exhibit low cortical bone mass. a Representative reconstructed lCT images of femoral midshafts from 12-week-old female p38af/f versus Dp38a mice. b–d Cortical bone microarchitecture was measured at femoral midshaft of female p38af/f and Dp38a mice at 5 (n = 4 per genotype), 12 (n = 6 per genotype) and 26 (n = 4 per genotype) weeks of age. lCT parameters include b TV total volume, c BV bone volume and d Ct.Th. cortical thickness. **p B 0.01 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bone-formation-indices-from-12-week-old-p38af-f-and-2rndmf7k.png Table 1 Bone formation indices from 12-week-old p38af/f and Dp38a female mice https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mice-lacking-p38a-in-their-osteoblasts-have-low-1i15qg76.png Fig. 3 Mice lacking p38a in their osteoblasts have low trabecular bone mass. a Representative reconstructed lCT images of distal femurs from 12-week-old female p38af/f versus Dp38a mice. b–e Trabecular bone microarchitecture was measured at distal femur of female p38af/f and Dp38a mice at 5 (n = 4 per genotype), 12 (n = 6 per genotype) and 26 (n = 4 per genotype) weeks of age. lCT parameters include b BV/TV bone volume/total volume, c Tb.Th. trabecular thickness, d Tb.N. trabecular number, e Tb.Sp. trabecular separation. *p \ 0.05, **p B 0.01 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-osteoblasts-lacking-p38a-exhibit-a-defective-function-3akdrw09.png Fig. 6 Osteoblasts lacking p38a exhibit a defective function in vitro. a–d Primary osteoblasts were isolated from the long bones of p38af/f and Dp38a mice and their phenotypes were compared. a Osteoblast marker gene expression was assessed by realtime PCR after 7 days of culture in osteogenic medium. b Alp activity was measured after 10 days of culture in osteogenic medium. c Representative images and d quantification of matrix mineralization evaluated by Alizarin Red-S (AR-S) staining after 21 days of culture. e, f Primary osteoblasts were isolated from wild type mice and cultured in the absence (vehicle: DMSO) or presence of SD282, a selective p38a inhibitor. e Cell number was measured by counting cells cultured for 7 days in the absence or presence of 10 lM SD282. f Alp activity was measured in osteoblasts cotreated with different doses of SD282 and vehicle, TGFb1 (5 ng/mL) or BMP2 (50 ng/mL) for 4 days. **p B 0.01 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-osteoblast-specific-disruption-of-p38a-decreases-bone-mdoe6rwg.png Fig. 4 Osteoblast-specific disruption of p38a decreases bone formation in mice. a–d Quantitative histomorphometric measurements were performed on the spongiosa at distal femurs of 12-week-old female p38af/f and Dp38a mice (n = 6 per group). a MAR mineral apposition rate; b BFR bone formation rate; c ObS/BS osteoblast surface/bone surface; d ObN/BPm osteoblast number/bone perimeter. e Real-time PCR analyses of osteoblast marker gene expression in femurs of 12-week-old female p38af/f and Dp38a mice (n = 6 per group). *p \ 0.05, **p B 0.01 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-disruption-of-p38a-in-osteoblasts-leads-to-decreased-1riv4guu.png Fig. 1 Disruption of p38a in osteoblasts leads to decreased BMD. a Strategy for the generation of mice with LoxPflanked p38a alleles [15]. Exons 2 and 3 which encode the ATPbinding site of the kinase domain were flanked by two LoxP sequences (shown as black arrowheads). Cremediated deletion produces the Dp38a allele. b RT-PCR detection of p38a (576 bp) and of Dp38a lacking exons 2/3 (387 bp) in tissues from p38aflox/flox (p38af/f) and OcnCre;p38aflox/flox mice (Dp38a). Osteocalcin promoter-driven deletion of exons 2 and 3 was only detected in skeletal tissues of Dp38a mice. c Whole body BMD of female and male p38af/f and Dp38a mice at 12 weeks of age (n = 6 per group). d Femoral and e lumbar BMD of female p38af/f and Dp38a mice at 5, 12 and 26 weeks of age. **p B 0.01 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-osteoblast-specific-disruption-of-p38a-does-not-affect-lnuwtuob.png Fig. 5 Osteoblast-specific disruption of p38a does not affect bone resorption. a Realtime PCR analyses of Rankl and Opg expression in femurs of 12-week-old female p38af/f and Dp38a mice. b Detection of TRAP5b in serum of 12-weekold female p38af/f and Dp38a mice by ELISA. c, d Quantitative histomorphometric measurements were performed on the spongiosa at distal femurs of 12-week-old female p38af/f and Dp38a mice. c OcS/BS osteoclast surface/ bone surface; d OcN/BPm osteoclast number/bone perimeter. n = 6 per group in each experiment https://scispace.com/papers/the-p-t-c-dependence-of-deuterium-spin-lattice-relaxation-3w2dr8982a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-t-h-isotherms-in-naci-and-nai-d20-a3qpthw4.png Fig. 3. Comparison of T, (*H) isotherms in NaCI- and NaI-D20 solutions at two temperatures corresponding to the thermodynamically stable (283 K) and undercooled metastable (238 K) phase. https://scispace.com/papers/the-paradox-between-health-and-work-of-the-metallurgical-3h5gx11vhr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-matrix-of-environmental-impact-1x0iiycu.png Table 2 Summary matrix of environmental impact https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-la-oroya-metallurgical-complex-38qai83p.png Figure 3 La Oroya metallurgical complex https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-lack-of-systemic-freedom-in-the-context-of-la-oroya-1qptq58g.png Figure 1 Lack of systemic Freedom in the context of La Oroya https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-socioeconomic-importance-of-the-cmlo-for-la-19p280jd.png Figure 4 The socioeconomic importance of the CMLO for La Oroya https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-frequency-of-the-evaluation-of-the-criteria-of-3tcb7bww.png Figure 2. Frequency of the evaluation of the criteria of legitimacy, power and urgency https://scispace.com/papers/the-panta-rhei-modernizing-the-marquee-36yy4u6puw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-self-perpetuating-backfilltick-function-drives-the-xxqmb9wz.png Fig. 4. The self-perpetuating backfillTick() function drives the display using the beachLine and the activeTicks pool. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-beachline-sits-just-offscreen-note-that-the-dotted-1ggr2l1m.png Fig. 1. The beachLine sits just offscreen (note that the dotted line represents the end of the screen) and works to ensure a steady stream of content. (1) Content scrolls steadily onto the screen, moving from right to left (2) when a tick has scrolled fully onto the screen, the beachLine is notified to backfill the empty space (3) a new tick is added to the beachLine, which is adjusted by the width of that tick. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-panta-rhei-can-draw-attention-to-a-particular-tick-35sof9jo.png Fig. 5. The Panta Rhei can draw attention to a particular tick using color (top), uniformity https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1-a-new-tick-is-created-with-its-leftmost-edge-flush-26id3rb6.png Fig. 2. (1) A new tick is created with its leftmost edge flush against the rightmost edge of the screen (2) once the tick has scrolled fully onto the screen it notifies the beachLine to add new content (3) when the tick has scrolled fully beyond the leftmost edge of the screen it removes itself from the page entirely. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-given-a-vertical-facing-on-the-beachline-which-is-2x165hlq.png Fig. 3. Given a vertical facing on the beachLine, which is defined by two consecutive points (left), a new tick can be added in any of the four ways shown on the right. https://scispace.com/papers/the-paper-or-the-video-why-choose-2tt1cw5n2v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-alignment-prototype-screenshot-1cu1rlnn.png Figure 2: Alignment prototype screenshot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-joint-navigation-prototype-screenshot-3cp9ekhk.png Figure 1: Joint navigation prototype screenshot. https://scispace.com/papers/the-pan-pacific-planet-search-i-a-giant-planet-orbiting-7-14vz7ggrae 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-panel-bisector-velocity-span-vs-radial-1gzbtgn1.png Figure 5. Left panel: bisector velocity span vs. radial velocity for the 21 observations for 7 CMa. A correlation would indicate that the observed radial-velocity variations were due to an intrinsic stellar process rather than an orbiting planet; no correlation is evident. Right panel: periodogram of the bisector velocity spans. The vertical dashed line indicates the 763 day period of the planet; there is no significant periodicity near this period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mass-period-plot-for-83-radial-velocity-detected-1vk6q8cx.png Figure 6. Mass–period plot for 83 radial-velocity-detected planets orbiting stars with M∗ > 1.3M ; planet data are from the Exoplanet Orbit Database (Wright et al. 2011). 7 CMa b is marked as a large filled triangle. Its parameters are consistent with other planets orbiting intermediate-mass stars. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pan-pacific-planet-search-target-list-2hd5zjm8.png Table 1 Pan-Pacific Planet Search Target List https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-378g6cpe.png Table 1 Pan-Pacific Planet Search Target List https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-1vqdi0x2.png Table 1 Pan-Pacific Planet Search Target List https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-radial-velocity-data-and-keplerian-orbit-fit-for-7-1beamus5.png Figure 1. Radial-velocity data and Keplerian orbit fit for 7 CMa. The rms scatter about the fit is 7.5 m s−1, consistent with the mean uncertainty of 8.3 m s−1 (including 5 m s−1 of jitter added in quadrature). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-stellar-parameters-for-7-cma-2escr94h.png Table 2 Stellar Parameters for 7 CMa https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-aat-radial-velocities-for-7-cma-2g1joj5g.png Table 3 AAT Radial Velocities for 7 CMa https://scispace.com/papers/the-paradox-of-constant-oceanic-plastic-debris-evidence-for-3ba9xr4dhw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spatial-dynamics-of-the-plastic-consumer-model-on-a-dmm4m30l.png FIG. 4 Spatial dynamics of the plastic-consumer model on a gyre The time evolution of plastic concentration exhibits the same qualitative behavior displayed by the mean field model (fig 2a, logarithmic scale in all axes) with two main phases. The four snapshots (1,2-3,4) indicate the spatial organisation of plastic and consumer concentrations at two given steps T for two given ρ values. Here plastic (gray balls) is supressed (1-2) and maintained at low concentrations thanks to the growth of the microbial compartment, whereas plastic explodes (3-4) if the efficiency of the consumer is below a threshold value. Two complementary views are given in (b-c) where we can appreciate that plastic control requires the successful growth of consumers. In (d) several time series of the plastic concentration are displayed. The color codes are the same as in fig. 2b-c. The model considers one-vortex (one gyre) system where (a) we display the equivalent diagram of plastic states given in figure 2b-c for the mean field model. The parameters (see SM) are: are α = 5× 10−3,β = 10−3, δp = 10−2 , δm = 10−3, η = 3× 10−1, the initial mass of each plastic particle is set to one. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plastic-control-by-consumer-populations-a-interactions-3kdj8brf.png FIG. 2 Plastic control by consumer populations (a) Interactions among plastic (P ) and microbes (M) in the simple resource-consumer model used here. The M compartment captures the presence of some hypothetic plastic-degrading species. The time-dependent mathematical model with a linear growth of plastic dumping α(t) = βt shows that, under the presence of the consumer, plastic concentration becomes stabilised to a given fixed value. In (b) and (c) we display the plastic and consumer population time series for our model running over an interval T = 500, respectively. The color scale indicates the different values of the parameter ρ that measures the efficient of degradation/consumption. The parallel series of consumer levels in (c) follow the input law α(t) and are observed when the plastic levels achieve constant values. In (d-f) we display these results in a phase space that includes bot the ρ parameter as well as the time-dependent dimension in the other axis. Here we use the linear law α(t) = α0 + βt with α0 = 1 and β = 0.01 and an end time T = 100. The other parameters are fixed to δp = 0.1, δM = 0.5 and η = 0.20. In (d) the dashed line indicates the points where plastic growth turns into control. Extinction of the M population occurs for M < 10−6. In (d-e) we can see that plastic grows when the control by the consumer is strong enough, leading to a constant plastic phase otherwise. The diagram in (f) provides the complementary picture where the consumer gets either extinct or grows following the α(t) growth function. https://scispace.com/papers/the-paradox-of-law-enforcement-in-immigrant-communities-does-4bt6z1m9qo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-relationship-between-immigration-and-legal-1zokmhxe.png Table 1. The Relationship between Immigration and Legal Cynicism https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-foreign-born-population-in-new-york-city-2000-34kmnvz3.png Figure 2. Foreign-born Population in New York City, 2000 Census https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-conceptual-model-of-legal-cynicism-and-its-134pm8sp.png Figure 1. A Conceptual Model of Legal Cynicism and its Consequences https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-standard-deviation-change-in-legal-cynicism-per-2bdgz0tz.png Figure 3. Standard Deviation Change in Legal Cynicism per Standard Deviation Change in Neighborhood Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-relationship-between-immigration-and-public-1rycn2bl.png Table 3. The Relationship between Immigration and Public Cooperation with the Police https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-duality-of-justice-as-a-predictor-of-legal-o2a2tn40.png Table 2. The Duality of Justice as a Predictor of Legal Cynicism https://scispace.com/papers/the-paribhasas-in-the-srautasutras-problems-opportunities-2mppw94v3g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-position-of-the-paribhasa-3a8z7h7y.png Table 1: Position of the paribhāṣā. https://scispace.com/papers/the-passive-journalist-23iwmnuq6p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-30g7xnlp.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-37ra6lvj.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1xyqbijz.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-path-assigned-mean-shift-algorithm-a-new-fast-mean-shift-1ooq328jzj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mislabeling-rates-amr-zfms-average-mislabeling-rate-1llzhmx1.png Table 1. Mislabeling Rates: AMR, ZFMS - Average Mislabeling Rate, ZFMS; AMR, PAMS - Average Mislabeling Rate, PAMS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plots-to-show-the-dominant-segmentation-classes-for-an-smbhlfz3.png Fig. 3. Plots to show the dominant segmentation classes for an image for the general mean shift, the ZFMS and the PAMS algorithms. (a)Original Image, (b)GMS, hc = 115, (c)PAMS, hc = 40, (d)ZFMS, hc= 40. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-between-the-gms-zfms-and-pams-segmentation-2sewmrvb.png Fig. 2. Comparison Between the GMS, ZFMS and PAMS Segmentation in the U-V dimensions. (a)Original 1, (b)Original 2,(c)GMS 1, k = 105, (d)GMS 2, k = 86, (e)ZFMS 1, k = 23, (f)ZFMS 2, k = 25, (g)PAMS 1, k = 64 (h)PAMS 2, k = 52 where k is the number of classes. https://scispace.com/papers/the-path-to-visible-extreme-adaptive-optics-with-magao-2k-58t6q9n9jj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-magao-2k-vibrations-d5w5pv7m.png Table 3. MagAO-2K Vibrations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-magao-wavefront-error-wfe-left-panel-current-wfe-in-czsd6a59.png Figure 5. MagAO wavefront error (WFE). Left panel: current WFE, in 25%-ile (red), 50%-ile (blue), and 75%-ile (black) conditions without jitter. Lines are the analytic error budget, filled symbols are end-to-end simulations (for 25% and 50%), and asterisks are on-sky measurements from VisAO, corrected for 8.1 mas jitter. Our models of MagAO performance at LCO are validated by the on-sky data. Right panel: predicted performance of MagAO-2K under the same conditions. The baseline upgrade will produce performance in 75% conditions equal to current-system performance in 50% conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-piaacmc-design-top-contrast-and-off-axis-2sus6del.png Figure 11. PIAACMC design. Top: contrast and off-axis throughput in 20% bandpass. Bottom: Left: MagAO-X pupil. Mid: optimized SiO2 mask. Right: Nearly all star light is rejected by the Lyot stop and sent to the LOWFS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-solidworks-mechanical-design-detail-top-down-view-rlb83oeu.png Figure 10. SOLIDWORKS mechanical design detail, top-down view https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-magao-r-psf-on-sky-left-compared-to-simulation-17eg3nzv.png Figure 1. MagAO r′ PSF on-sky (left) compared to simulation (right) in similar conditions. This validates our atmosphere model, vibration model, and end-toend simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-predicted-strehl-ratio-after-the-magao-2k-upgrade-31u83ypt.png Figure 6. Predicted Strehl ratio after the MagAO-2K upgrade, compared to current system performance. The grey region corresponds to the current system operating in conditions ranging from 25% to 50%, and the asterisks are on-sky measurements. The blue-hatched region is the baseline upgrade, and the orange region is the goal upgrade. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-clio2-on-sky-a-a-short-exposure-dark-showing-1un3bft8.png Figure 7. Clio2 on-sky. (a) A short exposure dark, showing numerous cosmetic defects and > 10% non-functional pixels which this upgrade will eliminate. (b) L-band spectrum of a young low-mass object with MagAO+Clio.26 (c) Brown dwarf 2M 1207, 38” from a 14.2-mag guide star, with its 0.8” planetary-mass companion in 1” V band seeing, at λ = 3.3 µm. FWHM = 184 mas.27 MagAO+Clio is ideal for this work due to the faint NGS off-axis capability. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-end-to-end-closed-loop-simulations-at-ha-top-row-3pkwh8ep.png Figure 14. End-to-end closed-loop simulations at Hα. Top row: 5th mag star, median conditions. Bottom row: 10th mag star, 25%-ile. Left: Simulated PSF w/out coronagraph. Middle: post-coronagraph, inner 0.87 λ/D masked. Right: contrast. https://scispace.com/papers/the-pavlovian-response-of-term-rates-to-fed-announcements-e0k4sdn39n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impulse-response-functions-of-the-reserves-market-12vdxdw9.png Figure 4. Impulse Response Functions of the Reserves Market VAR Comparison of responses when periods with target changes are excluded https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-reponse-of-treasury-note-rates-to-different-11f119fz.png Figure 7: Reponse of Treasury-note Rates to Different Elements of Surprise Target Changes/No Changes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-required-reserves-of-depository-institutions-mil-2gte0u8b.png Figure 1 - Required Reserves of Depository Institutions (Mil. $) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ratio-of-non-transaction-to-transaction-deposits-35xkpv57.png Figure 2 - Ratio of Non-Transaction to Transaction Deposits https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-hypothesis-tests-on-the-effects-of-market-3b7nx4qo.png Table 4: Hypothesis tests on the effects of market expectations on term rates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-daily-spread-between-the-prime-rate-and-the-federal-2pg8bf21.png Figure 3. Daily Spread between the Prime Rate and the Federal Funds Rate Target https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-response-of-treasury-note-rates-to-the-components-1sshlvyu.png Figure 6: Response of Treasury-note Rates to the Components of Target Changes/No Changes using Kuttner's (2000) Measure https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-for-the-ordered-probit-model-3ri94yv5.png Table 2: Estimates for the Ordered Probit Model https://scispace.com/papers/the-pattern-of-northern-hemisphere-surface-air-temperature-5exrmaw4py 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sensitivity-pattern-of-surface-temperature-1hfsu292.png Figure 2. Sensitivity pattern of surface temperature reconstructions against the Lean et al. [1995] total solar irradiance reconstruction for the period 1650–1850 with time lag of 10 years, truncated for the Northern Hemisphere [Waple et al., 2002]. The gray color marks areas with insufficient data. Note that negative sign in sensitivity implies positive temperature anomaly during periods of low solar output. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-monthly-composite-differences-of-the-ncep-3kzpinfx.png Figure 1. The monthly composite differences of the NCEP Reanalysis of air temperature data at 1000 hPa between years of high and low NAM index for the months of November through March (for example 1950, 52, 158, 61, 95, 96, 2001, 2002 for low negative indices, and 1951, 53, 54, 57, 90, 94, 98, 99 for positive NAM indices in December). https://scispace.com/papers/the-pds-tests-the-west-the-party-of-democratic-socialism-s-2vywjo3lpc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-in-council-elections-in-hessen-targetted-by-18msnp3a.png TABLE 2: RESULTS IN COUNCIL ELECTIONS IN HESSEN TARGETTED BY THE PDS IN 2001 (PER CENT) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-votes-for-the-pds-in-western-berlin-1998-2002-3aeuymhz.png TABLE 3: VOTES FOR THE PDS IN WESTERN BERLIN 1998-2002 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-votes-for-the-pds-in-federal-elections-in-per-cent-1887szaq.png TABLE 1: VOTES FOR THE PDS IN FEDERAL ELECTIONS (IN PER CENT) https://scispace.com/papers/the-people-of-karachi-economic-characteristics-2cw4k7ihwv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-12-2fud5xrd.png TABLE B-12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-6-3tmmek4h.png TABLE B-6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-7-1s2zxbr8.png TABLE B-7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-5-we-need-here-to-mention-the-pioneering-thinking-2m2uij25.png Table B-5]. We need here to mention the pioneering thinking made by Professor Fisher, who pointed out that the margin between wages of skilled labourer and unskilled labourer might be expected to be relatively wide in primitive countries or in countries at an earlier stage of industrial development and relatively narrow in countries with long industrial experience, where the acquisition of the regional skills and education was easier [4]13. The reasons for the substantial difference between incomes of skilled worker and unskilled worker seems to be obvious. Many of those who attend primary schools have no opportunity for further education [15, p . l l ] . It is true for Karachi. The cost https://scispace.com/papers/the-people-s-republic-of-china-s-financial-markets-are-they-4deybq67zc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-stock-market-turnover-ratio-the-peoples-republic-2wedsbj9.png Figure 21: Stock Market Turnover Ratio—the People’s Republic of China https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-financial-depth-historical-comparison-u8x2csd1.png Figure 4: Financial Depth—Historical Comparison https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-stock-market-capitalization-2012-3j5gdpc2.png Figure 17: Stock Market Capitalization, 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-stock-market-capital-raised-and-share-issuance-the-37q5srir.png Figure 18: Stock Market Capital Raised and Share Issuance—the People’s Republic of China https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-composition-of-local-currency-bonds-outstanding-15bog56b.png Figure 8: Composition of Local Currency Bonds Outstanding, 2012—the People’s Republic of China https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-composition-of-local-currency-bonds-issuance-2012-1wvd8ue0.png Figure 9: Composition of Local Currency Bonds Issuance, 2012—the People’s Republic of China https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-stock-market-turnover-and-gdp-per-capita-3e8tdqoi.png Figure 22: Stock Market Turnover and GDP per Capita https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-dim-sum-bonds-cnh-outstanding-by-issuer-2jbav90y.png Figure 14: Dim Sum Bonds (CNH) Outstanding, by Issuer https://scispace.com/papers/the-perceived-benefits-and-problems-associated-with-teaching-3jaamyu9af 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-benefits-and-problems-identified-by-previous-uk-gta-39chg6yr.png TABLE 2: Benefits and problems identified by previous UK GTA studies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-previous-uk-based-studies-of-the-gta-role-3thcy9ss.png TABLE 1: Summary of previous UK-based studies of the GTA role. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-rank-scores-for-the-item-my-teaching-has-a-2d65fg18.png FIGURE 3: Mean rank scores for the item ‘My teaching has a beneficial effect on my research activities’ according to discipline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-emergent-coding-scheme-for-the-problems-associated-3njhlwmm.png FIGURE 2: Emergent coding scheme for the problems associated with teaching. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-emergent-coding-scheme-for-the-benefits-associated-211pgua3.png FIGURE 1: Emergent coding scheme for the benefits associated with teaching. Figures shown in brackets indicate the number of GTAs, followed by the number of statements, which contributed to each category. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-rank-scores-for-the-item-my-phd-research-has-a-2gllrgz5.png FIGURE 4: Mean rank scores for the item ‘My PhD research has a beneficial effect on my teaching activities’ according to discipline. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-responses-to-the-inventory-of-likert-3ivyfljh.png TABLE 4: Summary of responses to the inventory of Likert scale items in the survey (as percentages from a total of 153 responses). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-demographic-information-about-the-gtas-29jv4nan.png TABLE 3: Summary of demographic information about the GTAs who took part in the survey. https://scispace.com/papers/the-perception-of-naked-only-bodies-and-faceless-heads-57qclsafpb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-inversion-effects-calculated-for-the-seven-310ei472.png Figure 4. Inversion effects calculated for the seven categories. Results indicate (A) Accuracy, (B) RTs and (C) IES. Error bars denote SEM (* indicates a statistically significant difference; p < .05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-stimuli-adopted-in-the-seven-categories-ht4t36n3.png Figure 1. Examples of stimuli adopted in the seven categories of visual stimuli. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-accuracy-b-rts-and-c-ies-results-for-upright-shq0fwlx.png Figure 3. (A) Accuracy, (B) RTs and (C) IES results for upright (black) and inverted (grey) stimuli. Error bars denote SEM (* indicates a statistically significant difference; p < .05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trial-structure-in-the-example-of-two-headed-bodies-3nhq0yuj.png Figure 2. Trial structure in the example of two headed bodies with minimal clothing. https://scispace.com/papers/the-perfective-past-tense-in-greek-child-language-1b60ay6sha 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-planned-comparisons-for-the-judgment-data-indicates-1qdcxr4u.png TABLE 7. Planned comparisons for the judgment data (* indicates significant differences after a-level adjustment) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-percentages-and-standard-deviations-of-the-1acpighx.png TABLE 2. Mean percentages (and standard deviations) of the production of correct and incorrect (sigmatic/non-sigmatic or other) forms of existing verbs in the sigmatic and the non-sigmatic condition https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-percentages-and-standard-deviations-of-the-3ab046im.png TABLE 4. Mean percentages (and standard deviations) of the production of sigmatic, non-sigmatic or other forms for novel verbs rhyming with existing sigmatic or non-sigmatic verbs https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-mean-percentages-and-standard-deviations-of-forms-18s3xo7y.png TABLE 6. Mean percentages (and standard deviations) of forms chosen in the judgment task: (i) correct responses for existing sigmatic and non-sigmatic verbs ; (ii) sigmatic forms for novel sigmatic and non-sigmatic forms for novel non-sigmatic verbs ; (iii) sigmatic forms for non-rhyming verbs https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-participants-mean-age-standard-deviations-25r87lrc.png TABLE 1. Number of participants, mean age (standard deviations) and number of female participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-planned-comparisons-of-child-to-adult-groups-for-the-2ew820g6.png TABLE 3. Planned comparisons of child to adult groups for the production data (* indicates significant differences after a-level adjustment) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-percentages-and-standard-deviations-of-the-1ufvpjo1.png TABLE 5. Mean percentages (and standard deviations) of the production of sigmatic, non-sigmatic or other forms for non-rhyming verbs https://scispace.com/papers/the-perception-of-the-food-pantry-customer-receiving-502lwrzfcb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-focus-group-and-interview-open-ended-discussion-2tccr9na.png Table 5.1. Focus Group and Interview Open-Ended Discussion Question Thread https://scispace.com/papers/the-perception-of-neighborhood-disorder-in-flemish-belgium-3ma9sbk12p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-n5-960-3lsoqua7.png Table 1. Sample Characteristics (N5 960) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-perceived-disorder-frequency-distribution-for-each-8dz384l5.png Table 2. Perceived Disorder. Frequency Distribution for Each Ethnic Group https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-moroccan-community-and-table-7-turkish-community-in-27jgpk16.png Table 6 (Moroccan community), and Table 7 (Turkish community). In the first step, we included only control variables, in the second and third steps, we investigated the https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-neighborhood-fear-of-crime-frequency-distribution-24jpwr4q.png Table 4. Neighborhood Fear of Crime. Frequency Distribution Per Ethnic Group https://scispace.com/papers/the-performance-effects-of-squeeze-film-stiffness-on-non-4ns95rldj0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-frequency-response-at-resonance-of-a-fpi-based-1sqpz77g.png Figure 8. Frequency response at resonance of a FPI-based vibrometer at various pressures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-optical-transmittance-characterization-of-the-16tunqxq.png Figure 7. Optical Transmittance characterization of the sample indicating half the free spectral range (FSR) and full-width at half maximum (FWHM) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-squeeze-film-formed-between-a-vibrating-and-fixed-3fzjaj6s.png Figure 1. A squeeze film formed between a vibrating and fixed plate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-general-performance-trade-offs-of-accelerometers-19dyym25.png Figure 10. General performance trade-offs of accelerometers with constant lumped parameters and linear response characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-calculation-of-the-mass-normalized-squeeze-film-31w3b1q5.png Figure 9. Calculation of the mass-normalized squeeze film stiffness for the data of figure 8 relative to Knudsen number (Kn) and pressure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-discrete-particles-of-the-gas-forming-a-squeeze-wvik2pta.png Figure 3. The discrete particles of the gas forming a squeeze film each with average velocity vavg contained in a cavity between plates of perpendicular separation l⊥ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-variation-of-the-normalized-squeeze-film-stiffness-11kxe7p7.png Figure 2. Variation of the normalized squeeze film stiffness with squeeze number σ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-calculated-shift-in-the-components-and-total-proof-27rzf346.png Figure 11. Calculated shift in the components and total proof mass suspension stiffness due to frequency dependence of squeeze films for the experimental characterization shown in Figures 8 and 9 https://scispace.com/papers/the-performance-of-the-cryogenic-buffer-gas-stopping-cell-of-27vtsru23m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-view-of-the-shiptrap-setup-after-relocation-36f6l9lt.png Fig. 1. Schematic view of the SHIPTRAP setup after relocation and implementation of the cryogenic gas stopping cell to stop the evaporation residues after their inflight separation at SHIP. Further steps include ion guiding, bunching, transport, preparation and finally the high-precision PTMS. D1 to D4 indicate detector positions. The detector position D∗ was temporarily used. For further explanations see text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-offline-efficiency-of-shiptrap-for-the-recoil-ions-1yn67gjn.png Table 1 Offline efficiency of SHIPTRAP for the recoil ions 219Rn and 221Fr. The cell was operated at 7.6mbar at 40K and a full measurement cycle consisting of 200ms cooling (preparation trap) and 200ms accumulation time (measurement trap without any excitation) was used. (a) ¯offline corresponds to the uncertaintyweighted arithmetic mean value. (b) Cell efficiency from Section 6 and (c) online efficiency from Section 7. For further details see text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-decay-spectrum-of-extracted-254no-ions-measured-at-d-2oz8hjfj.png Fig. 4. (a) -decay spectrum of extracted 254No ions measured at D∗. The data was summed over 21 successive measurements with a total measurement time of about 6600s. (b) Cell efficiency cell as a function of the cell operating temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-of-flight-spectrum-of-extracted-ions-from-a-223ra-2ump30os.png Fig. 3. Time-of-flight spectrum of extracted ions from a 223Ra recoil-ion source located inside the cell (placed 20cm in front of the extraction nozzle) measured at D3. The gas pressure was 7.3mbar at an operating temperature of 40K. The buncher was operated at 100Vpp with a buncher accumulation time of 40ms. The starting time corresponds to the ejection pulse from the buncher. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-signal-of-the-extracted-ions-from-a-223ra-recoil-ion-3vip3vx0.png Fig. 2. Signal of the extracted ions from a 223Ra recoil-ion source as a function of the voltage difference between the extraction nozzle and closest funnel electrode (a) and the extraction time (b) at a gas pressure of 7.7mbar with an operating temperature of 45K measured at D3. The source was placed 20cm in front of the funnel with a DC gradient of 1.6V/cm. The extraction time curves were measured at a voltage difference between the extraction nozzle and closest funnel electrode of −0.4V and −2.9V, respectively. * corresponds to −2.9V with a higher funnel DC gradient of 3.5V/cm along the funnel. To obtain the extraction time in (b) a pulsed source voltage in combination with a delaypulsed extraction RFQ was used. https://scispace.com/papers/the-periplasmic-cavity-of-lacy-mutant-cys154-gly-how-open-is-yajrgk5b2d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-and-expression-of-lacy-a-the-structure-of-150bku46.png FIGURE 1. Structure and expression of LacY. A, the structure of LacY in the inward conformation viewed across the membrane plane. The lactose homolog -D-galactopyranosyl-1-thio- -D-galactopyranoside is not shown in the structure. B, the membrane topology and secondary structure model of LacY on the basis of the x-ray structure. The loops depict the connectivity. The Cys residues used in the alkylation and cross-linking studies are indicated in the LacY schematic. We also show the position where PC(H5) is inserted in LacY in the LacY-PC chimera (arrow). C, selective [35S]Met-labeling of LacY in the membrane by rifampicin treatment. Membranes were isolated from JS7131 cells containing the pT7-5-LacY vector (left panel) or empty vector pT7-5 (right panel) that were [35S]Met-labeled before or after IPTG induction. Lanes 1 and 4 represent membranes that are derived from rifampicin-treated cells. M.W., molecular weight. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-gel-shift-assay-to-assess-the-topology-of-lacy-1rt0p0f6.png FIGURE 2. The gel shift assay to assess the topology of LacY. A, Cys-reactive reagents that were used to probe the topology of LacY. The gel shift assay for the Cys-less (B), F250C (periplasm (Peri)) (C), G288C (cytoplasm (Cyto)) (D), and G106C (transmembrane) LacY proteins (E) is shown. M.W., molecular weight. Rifampicin-treated radiolabeled cells expressing the indicated LacY mutants were treated with or without membrane-impermeable AMS or with membranepermeable NEM. The cells were then washed with PBS buffer to remove the unreactive chemical reagent and pelleted. Membranes were isolated, and LacY was solubilized in detergent buffer. Where indicated, the samples were treated with Mal-PEG, which modifies unreacted Cys residues, and then analyzed by SDS-PAGE and phosphorimaging. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-different-yidc-translocase-requirements-for-55mbctn1.png FIGURE 8. Different YidC translocase requirements for insertion of the PC domain and the flanking hydrophilic loops of LacY-PC. LacY-PC (H5) with a Cys in the loop preceding the PC domain (T163C*) (A), in the PC domain at position 13 (PC S13C*) (B), or in a loop immediately after the PC domain (F250C*) (C) were analyzed for membrane insertion under YidC expression ( ) and YidC depletion conditions ( ). JS7131 cells bearing pGP1–2 and pT7-5 encoding the respective LacY-PC (H5) derivatives were grown in medium supplemented with arabinose or glucose. Cells were treated with rifampicin and IPTG, radiolabeled with trans-[35S]Met, and analyzed using cysteine modification reagents as described in Fig. 2. The isolated membrane protein samples were treated with Mal-PEG and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and phosphorimaging. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-membrane-insertion-of-lacy-is-dependent-on-srp-and-3m842l4v.png FIGURE 3. Membrane insertion of LacY is dependent on SRP and SecYEG. A, translocation of the fourth periplasmic loop of LacYF250C under SecE expression ( ) and SecE depletion conditions ( ). E. coli strain CM124 bearing pT7-5 encoding LacY F250C was grown with arabinose or glucose. Cells were treated with rifampicin and IPTG and labeled with [35S]Met, and the isolated membranes were analyzed by gel shift assay as described in Fig. 2. B, Western blot analysis confirms that SecY is depleted when SecE is depleted from the membrane by growth of CM124 under glucose conditions. N term, N-terminal. C, translocation of loop 4 (F250C) in LacY under Ffh expression ( ) and Ffh depletion ( ) conditions. E. coli WAM121 grown in the presence of arabinose or glucose was analyzed exactly as described in A. D, Western blot analysis showing that Ffh is depleted from the membrane by growth of WAM121 in glucose medium (see “Experimental Procedures” for details). https://scispace.com/papers/the-persistence-length-of-double-stranded-dna-determined-2ba4qve8oi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-central-moments-of-wlcs-a-shows-the-mean-1rannllf.png FIG. 6. Color online Central moments of WLCs. a shows the mean square radius of 105 simulated free molecules, molecules attached to a substrate and molecules in TPM experiments dsDNA length: 4882 bp or 1660 nm, radius of the nanoparticle: 40 nm . The variation on each data point is less than 1.5%, therefore no error bars are plotted. The dashed line is the model proposed by Segall et al. In b the simulations of molecules in TPM experiments are compared to the WLC model and Segall et al. using only the projected position. The differences between the models and simulation are much less pronounced in that case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-principle-of-tethered-particle-motion-a-chain-molecule-4u7fdswf.png FIG. 1. Principle of tethered particle motion: A chain molecule is used to tether a reporter particle to a substrate. The reporter particle exhibits Brownian motion influenced by the mechanical properties of the tether. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-bending-a-semiflexible-polymer-over-an-1g2hf6xs.png FIG. 2. Color online Bending a semiflexible polymer over an angle between two tangents t1 and t2 a distance l over the contour apart. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-results-of-two-sample-ks-test-comparing-6686qx7c.png FIG. 8. Color online Results of two-sample KS test, comparing experimentally obtained particle positions to simulations using different persistence lengths. The figure shows that the best statistical agreement is with simulations using 50 nm. The error in this determination is only 2.0 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-results-for-a-gold-nanoparticle-r-40-nm-3v7b2q8s.png FIG. 7. Color online Results for a gold nanoparticle r=40 nm tethered to the surface using a 4882 bp dsDNA molecule. a shows a 2D histogram of the positions of the nanoparticle during 2000 frames, while b shows the distribution of the projected radius of the particle positions. It can be fitted well by a Rayleigh distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-results-of-the-dna-experiments-a-3c8jcf9m.png FIG. 9. Color online Results of the DNA experiments. a Distribution of the measured persistence length of 45 dsDNA molecules. b Mean square projected position as a function of DNA length, experiments in box plots compared to the simulations and theoretical models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-second-central-moments-of-the-unaltered-36dghhxe.png FIG. 10. Color online Second central moments of the unaltered WLC model, simulated molecules in TPM experiments and the model predicted by Segall et al. Ref. 24 using 3D positional information for DNA with a contour length of 972 bp 330 nm . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-dark-field-image-of-a-gold-nanoparticle-snr-is-33-p5cq6anr.png FIG. 3. The dark field image of a gold nanoparticle SNR is 33 dB . https://scispace.com/papers/the-persistence-of-vaccine-hesitancy-covid-19-vaccination-4d9cxwwgrz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bivariate-correlates-of-covid-19-vaccine-intention-qu9d7dfw.png Table 3 Bivariate Correlates of COVID-19 Vaccine Intention with Categorical Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-factor-analysis-of-the-vaccine-hesitancy-scale-18wmrio9.png Table 2 Factor Analysis of the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multivariable-correlates-of-covid-19-vaccine-34twntfz.png Table 4 Multivariable Correlates of COVID-19 Vaccine Intention https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-of-the-sample-17om0do9.png Table 1 Demographic Characteristics of the Sample https://scispace.com/papers/the-persistence-of-the-nwa-effect-during-the-low-solar-2rsvg2tbcm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-counter-weddell-sea-anomaly-or-osa-in-the-northern-172o1u2r.png Figure 8. Counter-Weddell Sea Anomaly or OSA in the Northern Hemisphere at the Asian sector shown in the diurnal variation of TEC in summer (June 2008) in comparison with corresponding data in winter, i.e., in December (left) 2008. Comparison is also made with corresponding observations under HSA conditions in (right) 2001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-persistence-of-the-nwa-effect-in-nmf2-in-the-3qexgs87.png Figure 9. Persistence of the NWA effect in NmF2 in the Southern Hemisphere at the Asian sector during LSA years 2007/2008. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-differential-tec-map-of-monthly-medians-in-left-2hsco9kk.png Figure 1. Differential TEC map of monthly medians in (left) June 2009 and December 2008 and of monthly medians in (right) June 2002 and December 2002. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-latitudinal-dependence-of-monthly-tec-medians-at-1h083v89.png Figure 11. Latitudinal dependence of monthly TEC medians at different nighttime values at American ( 75°E) and Asian (150°E) longitude sectors in December and June 2008. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-diurnal-variations-of-averaged-nmf2-derived-from-2syiw54t.png Figure 10. Diurnal variations of averaged NmF2 derived from IRO measurements at Formosat/COSMIC satellites at the Asian longitude sector in the LSA years 2007–2008 clearly showing the Okhotsk Sea Anomaly with highest ionization in the late evening hours in northern summer values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diurnal-variation-of-tec-at-the-conjugate-region-in-27l3ni9r.png Figure 3. Diurnal variation of TEC at the conjugate region in the Southern Hemisphere under LSA conditions in (left) 2008 in comparison with the equivalent figure related to HSA conditions in (right) 2001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-diurnal-variation-of-tec-showing-the-nwa-effect-1aplh0u6.png Figure 2. Diurnal variation of TEC showing the NWA effect under LSA conditions in (top row) 2008/2009 in comparisonwith equivalent figures related to HSA conditions in (bottom row) 2001/2002 where no NWA effect is observable. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-dependency-of-nwa-occurrence-from-solar-activity-3hiqq45u.png Figure 12. Dependency of NWA occurrence from solar activity level expressed by TEC medians in December and June from 2005 to 2011. https://scispace.com/papers/the-pervasive-role-of-pragmatics-in-early-language-2ba8f38jec 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-overview-of-the-theoretical-framework-18v5i7mn.png Figure 1. Schematic overview of the theoretical framework. Observable variables are the utterance, the context and additional social cues provided by the speaker. Unobserved (psychological) variables are the lexicon, common ground and the inference process. Even though components are depicted separately, we think of pragmatic inference as a unified process, during which different sources of information are integrated. https://scispace.com/papers/the-personalities-of-danish-mps-trait-and-aspect-level-2e0grau46n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mp-voters-big-five-differences-cohens-d-ci-95-11swc7ws.png Figure 1 MP-voters: Big Five differences (Cohen’s d), CI-95% https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-power-aspirations-associations-with-personality-20nvebbi.png Table 1 Power aspirations: Associations with personality traits and aspects https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-4-aspect-scales-for-compassion-politeness-2uajnt56.png Table A.4: Aspect scales for Compassion & Politeness (Agreeableness): question wording, item-scale correlations, alpha (Gallup & MP survey). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-center-left-vs-center-right-mps-personality-21zoi4o5.png Figure 4 Center Left vs. Center-Right MPs: personality differences (Cohen’s d), CI-95% https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-center-vs-peripheral-parties-trait-differences-5l0s6xug.png Figure 5 Center vs. Peripheral parties: trait differences (Cohen’s d), CI-95% https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-center-vs-peripheral-parties-differences-at-the-13nw5qwk.png Figure 6 Center vs. Peripheral parties: differences at the aspect level (Cohen’s d), CI-95% https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-aspect-scales-for-enthusiasm-assertiveness-1pe0bohl.png Table A.3: Aspect scales for Enthusiasm & Assertiveness (Extraversion): question wording, item-scale correlations, alpha (Gallup & MP survey). https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-5-aspect-scale-correlations-danish-mps-danish-voters-m69vfnin.png Table A.5: Aspect scale correlations, Danish MPs, Danish voters & DeYoung samples https://scispace.com/papers/the-perspective-of-cooperative-hydrotropy-on-the-solubility-4z2qst84fg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-logarithm-of-parameter-of-the-cooperative-2t74tmpj.png Figure 6. Logarithm of parameter 𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 of the cooperative hydrotropy model for the hydrophobic solutes studied in this work as a function of the logarithm of the partition coefficient between octanol and water of the solute. The dashed line is the fitted line using the least squares method (coefficients of determination is 0.95). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemical-equilibrium-of-cyrene-and-its-geminal-diol-cd934e7t.png Figure 1. Chemical equilibrium of Cyrene and its geminal diol in water (top panel) and dissociation of the geminal diol (bottom panel). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-solubility-increase-s-s0-of-the-hydrophobic-1io67mjv.png Figure 3. Left: solubility increase (S/S0) of the hydrophobic solute ( , , ), along with the fitted curves of the cooperative hydrotropy model using the red data points (red dashed line) and the green data points (green dashed line). Right: linearized form of Equation 2, where the y-axis is the left-hand-side of Equation 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-parameter-of-the-cooperative-hydrotropy-model-for-d8b3esci.png Figure 5. Parameter 𝑚 of the cooperative hydrotropy model for the hydrophobic solutes studied in this work as a function of the logarithm of the partition coefficient between octanol and water of the solute. The dashed line is the fitted line using the least squares method (coefficients of determination is 0.99). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-logarithm-of-the-partition-coefficient-between-iyin5zd9.png Table 3. Logarithm of the partition coefficient between octanol and water, along with the precited 𝑚 and 𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 parameters of the cooperative hydrotropy model for the solutes whose solubility is predicted in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-the-cooperative-model-fitted-to-the-1zxtodin.png Table 2. Parameters of the cooperative model fitted to the Cyrene-based hydrotropic systems studied in this work along with logarithm of the partition coefficient between octanol and water of the solutes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-parameter-of-the-cooperative-hydrotropy-model-for-3tf2t7o2.png Figure 8. Parameter 𝑏 of the cooperative hydrotropy model for the hydrophobic solutes studied in this work as a function of the logarithm of the partition coefficient between octanol and water of the solute. The dashed line is the fitted line using the least squares method (coefficients of determination is 0.74). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-solubility-increase-s-s0-of-the-hydrophobic-solute-1sy65qwh.png Figure 4. Solubility increase (S/S0) of the hydrophobic solute as a function of total Cyrene mole fraction ( , , ), along with the fitting curves of the cooperative model using only the green data points (green dashed line). Data by De bruyn et al.14 https://scispace.com/papers/the-ph-of-the-skin-surface-and-its-impact-on-the-barrier-ltokkf7h33 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-number-of-facial-infl-ammatory-acne-lesions-in-a-3a3cfe2u.png Fig. 1. Number of facial infl ammatory acne lesions in a comparative trial with 3-month application of either soap or acidic syndet (from Korting et al. [57] , with permission). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-factors-infl-uencing-skin-ph-according-to-rippke-et-yccsq3af.png Table 1. Factors infl uencing skin pH according to Rippke et al. [16], Yosipovitch and Maibach [18] and Jacobi et al. [25] https://scispace.com/papers/the-phillips-curve-and-the-italian-lira-1861-1998-dsv0dko1ka 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-log-change-of-the-price-deflator-of-italian-2hd8z8yy.png Figure 2: The log change of the price deflator of Italian national income, 1861-1998 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-trend-italian-inflation-rate-1861-1998-the-two-3hv60ly2.png Figure 5: Trend Italian inflation rate, 1861-1998. The two measures of trend inflation are Hodrick-Prescott (HPINF) and Kalman filter (STSINF). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-time-varying-coefficient-of-the-output-gap-for-3fniise1.png Figure 12: Time-varying coefficient of the output gap for Italy, USA, and UK, 1861-1998. TVP coefficients based on STS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-time-varying-coefficient-of-the-output-gap-of-the-3ve1ppfq.png Figure 10: Time-varying coefficient of the output gap of the Italian Phillips curve, 1861-1998. HP and STS refer to the Hodrick-Prescott and STS-based measures of the output gap. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-italian-inflation-rate-1861-1998-average-m-standard-h4phbqn1.png Table 1: Italian inflation rate, 1861-1998. Average (μ), standard deviation (σ), coefficient of variation (cv), and normality test. ‘**’ indicates rejection of the null with a 99% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-adf-test-of-the-italian-inflation-rate-various-sub-2xo1sg42.png Table 2: ADF test of the Italian inflation rate, various sub-samples. ‘**’ indicates rejection of the null with a 99% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-relationship-between-italian-inflation-and-3cbpvyo8.png Figure 7: The relationship between Italian inflation and output gap, 1861-1998. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-inflation-rates-in-italy-usa-and-uk-1861-1998-q7t30gu1.png Figure 11: Inflation rates in Italy, USA, and UK, 1861-1998. https://scispace.com/papers/the-phase-based-gabor-fisher-classifier-and-its-application-2bukuvo9dd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-examples-of-modified-face-images-from-left-to-right-20ybul9h.png Fig. 3. Examples of modified face images (from left to right): the original image, the modified image for τ = 40, the modified image for τ = 80, the modified image for τ = 120, the modified image for τ = 160 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-roc-curves-generated-during-the-verification-hqc2uxtq.png Fig. 4. The ROC curves generated during the verification experiments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-robustness-of-the-pca-dct-mod2-ff-gfc-and-pbgfc-4bzm98tp.png Fig. 5. Robustness of the PCA, DCT-mod2, FF, GFC and PBGFC methods to varying illumination conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-values-of-far-frr-and-hter-on-the-test-set-for-3ds2zbcp.png TABLE II THE VALUES OF FAR, FRR AND HTER (ON THE TEST SET) FOR THE PCA, FF, DCT-MOD2, GFC AND PBGFC METHODS WITH RESPECT TO VARYING VALUES OF THE PARAMETER τ . THE ERROR RATES WERE OBTAINED WITH THE DECISION THRESHOLD THAT ENSURED EQUAL ERROR RATES ON UNALTERED IMAGES FROM THE EVALUATION SET. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-a-gabor-filter-left-the-real-cosine-type-b2lcyofx.png Fig. 1. Example of a Gabor filter: (left) the real (cosine-type) part, (right) the imaginary (sine-type) part https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-examples-of-ogpcis-from-left-to-right-the-original-3kgvspb1.png Fig. 2. Examples of OGPCIs (from left to right): the original image, the OGPCI for θv = 0◦ and p = 2, the OGPCI for θv = 0◦ and p = 3, the OGPCI for θv = 0◦ and p = 4, the OGPCI for θv = 0◦ and p = 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-error-rates-at-the-equal-error-operating-point-6uy8m74w.png TABLE I THE ERROR RATES AT THE EQUAL ERROR OPERATING POINT FOR VARYING NUMBERS OF GABOR FILTER SCALES https://scispace.com/papers/the-photodissociation-of-formaldehyde-potential-energy-19x9tw56li 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-for-formaldehyde-the-rearrangement-transition-state-2rhxy5bd.png Figure 6 for formaldehyde, the rearrangement transition state, trans- and cis-hydroxycarbene and the relaxed rotation transition https://scispace.com/papers/the-physical-structure-and-behavior-of-the-california-2ih2plfo2p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interannual-shortwave-radiation-abc-and-net-fhsaijlj.png Figure 3: Interannual shortwave radiation (abc) and net radiation (def) [W m−2] over the boxes indicated in Fig. 1 from CORE and USW4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-mean-cross-shore-section-along-the-calcofi-lines-25aqaiz7.png Figure 14: Mean cross-shore section along the CalCOFI lines 80 (left panels, ≈ 33◦N) and Newport line from WOD13 (right panels, ≈ 45◦N) of (a,d) temperature [◦C], (b,e) salinity [PSU], and (c,f) density [kg m−3] from USW4 (1995-2010) (left column) and the measurements (period 1955- 2013, right column). USW4 has approximately the right cross-shore density slope induced by the wind-driven upwelling. At the surface the salinity is too low with respect to CalCOFI. At depth the density is similar to that in the observations, but there is a cold temperature bias (a positive density bias of ≈ 1◦C), partially compensated for by a fresh salinity bias (a negative density bias) of ≈ 0.2 PSU). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-a-seasonal-evolution-of-the-mean-eke-averaged-over-1ff2xck6.png Figure 25: (a) Seasonal evolution of the mean EKE averaged over the whole domain as estimated from the measurements and from the USW4 original filtered geostrophic velocity (based on two different filter half-widths: 36 km (solid line) and 28 km (dashed line)). (b) Interannual variability of the EKE averaged over the boxes indicated on Fig. 1. The current feedback to the atmosphere dampens the eddies and thus allows the simulation to have a realistic EKE level, albeit with not quite the same spatial pattern around the Southern California Bight. Pointwise sampling errors are up to ≈ 5 cm2 s−2, estimated using a bootstrap method (Efron and Tibshirani, 1985): the mean EKE is computed 100,000 times using random samples from the distribution, and the uncertainty is then defined as ± the standard deviation of these values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-mean-temperature-c-salinity-psu-and-density-kg-m-3-roovd6xp.png Figure 15: Mean temperature [◦C], salinity [PSU], and density [kg m−3] differences at 150 m depth between USW4 (1995-2010) and WOA. The contour lines difference isolines, with the thick black line indicating zero difference. In the first 500 km the density at 150 m is realistic, with a very weak bias of less than 0.1 kg m−3; nearshore, where there is more data, the bias is less than 0.05 kg m−3. However, consistent with Fig. 14, there is a compensation between temperature and salinity biases. Most of the salinity bias enters the domain through the northern open boundary condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mean-meridional-surface-stress-from-a-scow-and-b-x95rofbf.png Figure 7: Mean meridional surface stress from (a) SCOW and (b) USW4 for the upwelling season (spring and summer) estimated over the period 2000-2009. Panels (c), (d), (e), and (f) represent the seasonal evolution over the same period from SCOW (blue) and USW4 (red), averaged over the boxes indicated in Fig. 1 or over the whole domain. USW4 reproduces the main surface stress spatial pattern and its seasonal evolution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-interannual-sst-c-over-the-boxes-indicated-in-fig-3qrjgjsw.png Figure 11: Interannual SST [◦C] over the boxes indicated in Fig. 1 from OSTIA and USW4. Similar results are found over the offshore boxes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-mean-sst-differences-c-during-summer-between-9v1pxgvc.png Figure 10: (a) Mean SST differences [◦C] during summer between Ostia and (a) a climatological solution (e.g., Capet et al. (2008b); Renault et al. (2016a)) and (b) USW4. USW4 has a cold bias (> 0.5 ◦), in particular over the Southern California Bight; however, it is less biased than the climatological solution (up to 2◦C; see text in Sec. 4.1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-vertical-velocities-m-s-1-during-the-upwelling-emquwbnm.png Figure 18: Vertical velocities [m s−1] during the upwelling season at 30 m depth as simulated by USW4. (a) Long-term mean, (b) subseasonal variability, (c) interannual variability. https://scispace.com/papers/the-physics-of-cluster-mergers-2hy4n51ayx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-an-example-of-a-ps-merger-tree-for-a-cluster-of-2790l52s.png Figure 1.1. An example of a PS merger tree for a cluster of galaxies with a final mass of M0 = 10 15h−1 M⊙ (Randall & Sarazin 2001). The mass is shown as a function of the age of the Universe t; the present age is t0. This model was for an open Universe with Ω0 = 0.3 and ΩΛ = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4-the-ratio-of-the-stand-off-distance-of-the-bow-buokhe8z.png Figure 1.4. The ratio of the stand-off distance of the bow shock ds to the radius of curvature Rcf of the stagnation region of the cold front, as a function of 1/(M 2 1 − 1), where M1 is the Mach number. This is for a spherical cold front and γad = 5/3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-8-the-ic-spectrum-from-a-typical-cluster-model-2iuii5ks.png Figure 1.8. The IC spectrum from a typical cluster model (solid curve). This is the same model as shown in Figure 1.7. The dashed curve is a 7 keV thermal bremsstrahlung spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-a-schematic-diagram-of-the-kinematics-for-a-16xooaay.png Figure 1.2. A schematic diagram of the kinematics for a merger between two subclusters of masses M1 and M2 and radii R1 and R2. The separation of the cluster centers is d, and the impact parameter is b, and the initial relative velocity is v. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-7-a-typical-model-for-the-relativistic-electron-3gva1rrz.png Figure 1.7. A typical model for the relativistic electron population in a cluster of galaxies. The lower energy electrons are due to all of the mergers in the cluster history, while the high energy electrons are due to a small current merger. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-9-the-predicted-gamma-ray-spectrum-for-the-coma-30n7srn7.png Figure 1.9. The predicted gamma-ray spectrum for the Coma cluster, including electron bremsstrahlung and πo decay from ions (Sarazin 1999b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-5-values-of-the-electron-loss-functions-b-g-for-2jm2xfj0.png Figure 1.5. Values of the electron loss functions b(γ) for inverse Compton (IC) emission, Coulomb losses, synchrotron emission, and bremsstrahlung emission as a function of γ = E/(mec 2). The values assume ne = 10 −3 cm−3, B = 1µG, and redshift z = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-a-schematic-diagram-of-flow-around-a-cold-front-33w72rfl.png Figure 1.3. A schematic diagram of flow around a “cold front” in a cluster merger. The heavy solid arc at the right represents the contact discontinuity between the cold, dense cold core gas, and the hotter, more diffuse gas from the outer regions of the other cluster. The cold core is moving toward the left relative to the hotter gas. The narrow solid lines are streamlines of the flow of the hotter gas around the cold core. The region labelled “1” represent the upstream, undisturbed hot gas. If the cold front is moving transonically (M1 > 1), then the cold front will be preceded by a bow shock, which is shown as a dashed arc. The stagnation point, where the relative velocity of the cooler dense gas and hotter diffuse gas is zero, is marked “st”. https://scispace.com/papers/the-pi3k-akt-pathway-is-involved-in-procyanidin-mediated-25kzzlsl71 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effects-of-ec-pca-and-pca-rich-extracts-grape-seed-2w39hwys.png Figure 2. Effects of EC, PCA, and PCA-rich extracts (grape seed (GSE) and cocoa (Cocoa) extracts on CRC cell viability. Human CRC cells were incubated in the absence or presence of 10, 25, 50, and 100mM ( )-epicatechin (EC), trimer (Trim), hexamer (Hex), and 17.4, 43.5, 87, and 174mg/ml GSE and cocoa extracts for 72 h (A,B) or with 10–50mMHex for 24, 48, and 72h in Caco-2 cells (C). Cell viability was measured as described in Methods. Values are shown as means SEM of at least three independent experiments. Dif-Caco-2: differentiated Caco-2 cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effects-of-the-akt-inhibitormkk-2206-on-crc-cell-3858vqak.png Figure 7. Effects of the Akt inhibitorMKK-2206 on CRC cell viability and apoptosis. Undifferentiated Caco 2 cells were incubated in the absence or presence of 1–50mM MKK-2206 with or without 20mM Hex for 24 h. (A) Cell viability was measured as described in Methods. (B) Apoptosis was evaluated as mono and oligonucleosomes (DNA fragmentation). Values are shown as means SEM of at least three independent experiments. (C) Phosphorylated Akt at Ser473 or Thr308, Akt, Bad (Ser 136), and GSK-3b (Ser 21/9) phosphorylation were measured by Western blot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hex-reduced-caco-2-cell-colony-formation-and-1si96zrn.png Figure 3. Hex reduced Caco-2 cell colony formation and arrested the cell cycle. (A) The effects of Hex (10–40mM) on Caco-2 cell colony formation was measured as described in Methods. (B) The effects of Hex (20,30mM) on Caco-2 cell cycle progressionweremeasured byflow cytometry as described inMethods. (C) The percentage of cells inG0/G1, S, and G2/M was determined from DNA content histograms. Values are shown as means SEM of at least 3 independent experiments. Values having different superscripts are significantly different (P< 0.05, one way ANOVA test). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-hex-inhibited-the-akt-signaling-pathway-3etl00jj.png Figure 6. Hex inhibited the Akt signaling pathway. Undifferentiated Caco 2 cells were incubated in the presence of 10–40mM Hex for 24–72h. (A) Phosphorylated Akt at Ser473 or Thr308, Akt, p85(Tyr458)-PI3K, and PI3K; and (B) Bad (Ser 136), and GSK-3b (Ser 21/9) phosphorylation were measured by Western blot. The ratios between phosphorylated/total protein content were calculated and results shown as means SEM of at least three independent experiments. Values having different superscripts are significantly different (P< 0.05, one way ANOVA test). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemical-structure-of-a-hexameric-procyanidin-eqz7gcbs.png Figure 1. Chemical structure of a hexameric procyanidin constituted by subunits of ( )-epicatechin, linked by 4b!8 bonds, R15H, R25OH. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-effects-of-hex-on-ap-1-and-nf-kb-dna-binding-and-dcmu0jwp.png Figure 8. Effects of Hex on AP-1 and NF-kB-DNA binding and expression of NF-kB-regulated antiapoptotic proteins. Undifferentiated Caco-2 cells were incubated in the presence of 10–40mM Hex for 24 h. (A) AP-1- and NF-kB-DNA binding was measured by EMSA. n.s: control of specificity was done by pre incubating an untreated nuclear fraction sample with a 100-fold molar unlabeled oligonucleotide. (B) Protein levels of Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 were measure byWestern blot using ERK1/2 levels as loading controls. For (B) the ratios between Bcl-xL and Bcl-2/ERK1/2 were calculated. Results are shown as means SEM of at least three independent experiments. Values having different superscripts are significantly different (P< 0.05, one way ANOVA test). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hex-induced-apoptotic-cell-death-via-the-intrinsic-1gqdguu5.png Figure 5. Hex induced apoptotic cell death via the intrinsic/mitochondrial pathway. Undifferentiated Caco-2 cells were incubated in the presence of 10–40mMHex for 24–72h. The occurrence of apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway was evaluated bymeasuring: (A) caspase 3 and 9 activation; (B) Bad and cytochrome c change of cell compartments byWestern blot. ERK1/2 were used as cytosol protein loading control and VDAC for mitochondrial loading control. Values are shown as means SEM of at least three independent experiments. Values having different superscripts are significantly different (P< 0.05, one way ANOVA test). https://scispace.com/papers/the-pictures-who-shall-not-be-named-empirical-support-for-3z18n2c9ow 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proportion-of-looks-to-the-displayed-objects-over-3rmgrgux.png Figure 2: Proportion of looks to the displayed objects over time in each preview condition. Time is indexed from the onset of the auditory stimulus presenting the target. Note the Unrelated lines display the mean proportion of looks to the two unrelated objects. Error ribbons signify the standard error of the mean at each time sample. A) No preview. B) Text preview. C) Visual-new locations. D) Visual-same locations. E) Self-paced. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-timecourse-of-fixations-to-non-target-objects-a-317bv5kl.png Figure 4: Timecourse of fixations to non-target objects. A) Fixations to cohort objects. B) Fixations to unrelated objects. Plots the mean of the two unrelated objects. C) The difference between cohort and the mean of the unrelated objects. This panel represents the degree of cohort fixation over and above looks to unrelated objects. D) The mean proportion of looks across time to cohort and unrelated items over the time-window 250-1000 msec. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-of-linking-functions-for-the-vwp-with-and-2j3ph2hg.png Figure 5: Schematic of linking functions for the VWP with and without preview. A) With preview. B) Without preview. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-timecourse-of-fixations-to-target-objects-by-16sx3kis.png Figure 3: Timecourse of fixations to target objects by condition, and curvefit parameters for these curves. The overall timecourse plots the raw fixation data. The individual paramaters plot the curvefit values. A) Timecourse of target looks (raw data). B) Curvefit maximum parameters. C) Curvefit crossover parameters. D) Curvefit slope parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/the-place-of-trust-in-continuing-professional-learning-56wwa1i03g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-features-of-continuing-professional-learning-its-12cjsoad.png Table 1: Features of Continuing Professional Learning, its assessment and its context https://scispace.com/papers/the-plart-study-incidence-of-preterm-labor-and-adverse-30o2h2rntl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-maternal-sociodemographic-and-clinical-3ab91qxv.png Table 1 Maternal sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the study population https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-chart-of-the-study-population-the-preterm-labor-37lz8bxx.png Fig. 1 Flow chart of the study population—the preterm labor after assisted reproductive techniques cohort https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-obstetric-outcomes-in-the-preterm-labor-after-qs7xg1vb.png Table 3 Obstetric outcomes in the preterm labor after assisted reproductive techniques cohort https://scispace.com/papers/the-plate-model-for-the-genesis-of-melting-anomalies-2nyl0gpjgu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hotspots-reported-to-be-underlain-by-seismic-2ocgfuzm.png Table 1: Hotspots reported to be underlain by seismic anomalies traversing the upper mantle (traversing the upper mantle only – the deepest they detected; Ritsema and Allen, 2003), traversing the whole-mantle (Montelli et al., 2004) and those defined as arising from D” by Courtillot et al. (2003). Only Easter is common to all three lists. https://scispace.com/papers/the-pleasures-of-play-pharmacological-insights-into-social-4p8iesz7wm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ethogram-of-the-social-repertoire-of-young-rats-hjdf6mpb.png Table 1. Ethogram of the social repertoire of young rats. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effects-of-opioid-cannabinoid-dopaminergic-and-2x5gqvmi.png Table 2. Effects of opioid, cannabinoid, dopaminergic and noradrenergic drugs on social play behavior in adolescent rats. https://scispace.com/papers/the-pluses-and-minuses-of-obtaining-measurements-from-4v64plnp2u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-foot-length-measurements-using-three-alignment-methods-3fu2xzhn.png Fig. 5. Foot length measurements using three alignment methods (n=50) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-differences-in-foot-length-measurements-among-three-7vw0kk7b.png Fig. 6. Differences in foot length measurements among three alignment methods (n=50) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-means-for-each-of-the-three-alignment-methods-3pxzemae.png Table 2. The means for each of the three alignment methods. The standard deviations are given in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-foot-measurements-1iy19uj4.png Fig. 4. Foot measurements https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-arch-length-measurements-using-three-alignment-methods-1g6atc5j.png Fig. 7. Arch length measurements using three alignment methods (n=50) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-heel-centerline-foot-alignment-method-toidysg6.png Fig. 1. Heel centerline foot alignment method https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-foot-registration-to-simulate-the-brannock-device-1fy3r50z.png Fig. 2. Foot registration to simulate the Brannock device alignment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-differences-in-arch-length-measurements-among-three-3on1d4g8.png Fig. 8. Differences in arch length measurements among three alignment methods (n=50) https://scispace.com/papers/the-pluto-code-for-adaptive-mesh-computations-in-2nnm5d6lr8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cpu-running-time-for-the-1d-mhd-shock-tube-using-2sa20oaq.png Table 2 CPU Running Time for the 1D MHD Shock Tube Using Both Static and AMR Computations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-29-density-lorentz-factor-gas-and-magnetic-pressures-3p33aq9c.png Figure 29. Density, Lorentz factor, gas, and magnetic pressures slice cuts for the relativistic magnetized blast wave in three dimensions at t = 4. Four levels of refinement are used to achieve an effective resolution of 6403. The box in the lower half-semispace emphasizes jump ratios across levels. Oblique magnetic field lines are overplotted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-31-relativistic-kelvin-helmholtz-instability-at-t-5-18g7kbll.png Figure 31. Relativistic Kelvin–Helmholtz instability at t = 5 using six additional levels of refinement starting from a base grid of 32× 64 zones. The panel on the left shows density (upper half) and the quantity (B2x +B 2 y ) 1 2 /Bz (lower half) on the whole computational domain. Selected regions are enlarged in the two panels on the right. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-30-parallel-scalings-for-the-3d-relativistic-blast-2bcgkc8g.png Figure 30. Parallel scalings for the 3D relativistic blast wave problem from 32 to 2048 processors. The red and green lines (squares and crosses, respectively) give the speed-up factors corresponding to “frozen-flux” computations with maximum block sizes of 20 and 40 zones, respectively. The number of blocks on the finest level, reported above and below each line, stays constant in time. Ideal scaling is given by the dotted black line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-time-evolution-of-the-pressure-profiles-along-with-1o390wej.png Figure 15. Time evolution of the pressure profiles along with sample magnetic field lines, for the current sheet problem. Temporal snapshots refer to t = 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 (upper four) and t = 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4 (lower four). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cpu-performance-for-the-1d-rmhd-shock-tube-1dfz2dxq.png Table 3 CPU Performance for the 1D RMHD Shock Tube https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-horizontal-cuts-for-the-rotated-inclined-alfven-ht7zo3a0.png Figure 24. Horizontal cuts for the rotated inclined Alfvén test at t = 0.4/√2 (symbols) and for the 1D reference solution at t = 0.4 (solid line). The top row shows, from left to right, proper density, gas pressure, and Lorentz factor. In the middle and bottom rows, we plot the components of velocity and magnetic field normal (v1 and B1) and transverse (v2, v3 and B2, B3) to the surface of discontinuity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-dimensional-example-of-a-three-level-amr-323i51sb.png Figure 1. Two-dimensional example of a three-level AMR hierarchy, with the base level ( = 0) covering the entire computational domain. Solid lines are representative of the level resolution. Dashed lines contour the ghost zones of two patches of level = 1. Colors indicate different filling methods: physical outer boundaries (red), boundaries filled by exchanging values with adjacent patches on the same level (blue), and boundaries filled by interpolating from the next coarser level (yellow). https://scispace.com/papers/the-polarization-myth-occupational-upgrading-in-germany-1rk9o63ld1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-employment-change-across-job-quality-quintiles-in-38k9hbjg.png Figure 1. Employment change across job quality quintiles (in percentage points). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-employment-change-across-quintiles-by-subperiod-in-15vozir6.png Figure 2. Employment change across quintiles by subperiod (in percentage points). https://scispace.com/papers/the-policy-agora-how-power-inequalities-affect-the-3i2br3p9uv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-interview-participants-3s34psr9.png Table 1: Distribution of interview participants https://scispace.com/papers/the-political-cost-of-being-soft-on-crime-evidence-from-a-1tzpeas5nz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-geographical-distribution-of-the-average-incentive-h7f2d3gi.png Figure 5: Geographical distribution of the average incentive to recidivate of pardoned individuals (standardized) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-incentive-to-recidivate-news-on-crime-1acqwv8z.png Table 8: Incentive to recidivate & news on crime https://scispace.com/figures/table-2b-summary-statistics-3gg4l1ef.png Table 2B: Summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-summary-statistics-pardoned-individuals-municipal-17s2h3nf.png Table 2B: Summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-issue-priority-perceived-competence-of-political-2t6s68k7.png Table 9: Issue Priority & Perceived Competence of Political Coalitions (ITANES ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-news-on-crimes-national-tv-channels-23ij3e4p.png Figure 4: News on Crimes (national TV channels) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-placebo-3t0lchjc.png Table 4: Placebo https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-crimes-per-100000-people-q2hem16z.png Figure 3: Crimes per 100,000 people https://scispace.com/papers/the-political-consequences-of-household-wealth-shocks-255maob73l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-after-collapsing-at-regional-3oa5l1q1.png Table 1: Summary statistics after collapsing at regional level https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-281xpn0r.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-league-share-changes-since-previous-elections-236n68ia.png Table 9: LEAGUE SHARE, CHANGES SINCE PREVIOUS ELECTIONS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3qbyvvzi.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-populist-share-changes-since-previous-elections-19fpxyc1.png Table 5: POPULIST SHARE, CHANGES SINCE PREVIOUS ELECTIONS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-22uiuhbl.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-five-star-movement-share-changes-since-previous-1qh01gyg.png Table 13: FIVE STAR MOVEMENT SHARE, CHANGES SINCE PREVIOUS ELECTIONS https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-five-star-movement-share-changes-since-max-ce4uslz1.png Table 12: FIVE STAR MOVEMENT SHARE, CHANGES SINCE MAX https://scispace.com/papers/the-polishing-process-of-advanced-ceramic-balls-using-a-10t1m0nhvz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-roundness-measurement-of-type-2-balls-after-polishing-1pcnc363.png Fig. 8 Roundness measurement of Type 2 balls after polishing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-two-surface-topography-measurements-of-type-2-balls-16ebakt1.png Fig. 9 Two surface topography measurements of Type 2 balls after polishing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-surface-topography-comparison-of-type-1-balls-gap-xeftagra.png Fig 4 Surface topography comparison of Type 1 balls gap polished (a), with normal polished https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-surface-topography-comparison-of-type-2-balls-gap-29afwxwh.png Fig 5 Surface topography comparison of Type 2 balls gap polished (a), with normal polished (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-condition-of-upper-plate-lapping-area-1lmssj5u.png Fig. 6 Condition of upper plate lapping area https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1-schematic-of-two-plates-eccentric-lapping-2ox9saht.png Fig. 2-1 schematic of two plates eccentric lapping https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-roundness-measurement-of-type-2-balls-before-polishing-fwhmgfcw.png Fig. 7 Roundness measurement of Type 2 balls before polishing https://scispace.com/papers/the-political-economy-of-a-northern-ireland-border-poll-gxjdhlrtym 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-variance-in-ln-gdp-per-capita-2000-to-2014-1x1agrac.png Figure 1: Variance in (ln) GDP per capita, 2000 to 2014 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-augmented-dicky-fuller-tests-for-regional-ph1uppq9.png Table 3: Augmented Dicky-Fuller tests for regional cointegration of GDP per capita, 1999 to 2014 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-healthcare-indicators-republic-of-ireland-and-uk-mv3bqm2i.png Table 11: Healthcare Indicators Republic of Ireland and UK https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-northern-ireland-subvention-levels-1966-1996-ps-24ywekhb.png Figure 8: Northern Ireland Subvention Levels 1966-1996, £ million (2014 prices) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-northern-ireland-subvention-levels-2002-2014-ps-141vabrg.png Figure 9: Northern Ireland Subvention Levels 2002-2014, £ million (2014 prices) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-unemployment-rates-in-the-republic-of-ireland-and-2ba63p7o.png Figure 6: Unemployment Rates in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-net-migration-in-the-republic-of-ireland-and-rwn7vdqw.png Figure 7: Net Migration in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-per-capita-gdp-in-us-dollars-constant-2010-prices-34umifgc.png Table 1: Per capita GDP in US dollars, constant 2010 prices, constant PPP https://scispace.com/papers/the-political-economy-of-passing-climate-change-legislation-47qemdw8v6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-1ko9ouji.png Table 2. Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-of-climate-change-laws-in-the-database-2r645t4q.png Figure 2: Schematic of climate change laws in the database https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variable-definitions-eh1s7953.png Table 1. Variable definitions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-analysis-of-climate-legislation-all-laws-years-1990-36pnbq4v.png Table 3. Analysis of climate legislation: All laws (years: 1990-2012). Model: Negative Binomial Fixed Effects. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-robustness-checks-on-the-analysis-of-climate-3o5qqjux.png Table 4. Robustness checks on the analysis of climate legislation: All laws (years: 1990-2012). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-climate-change-laws-at-end-2013-26ylpixf.png Figure 1. Number of climate change laws at end-2013 https://scispace.com/papers/the-political-implications-of-popular-support-for-1avnaf7knb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-net-probability-of-supporting-term-limits-for-the-3u2rmxhm.png Figure 1: Net probability of supporting term limits for the statistically significant predictors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-net-probability-of-supporting-term-limits-for-the-1gxa1w00.png Figure 2: Net probability of supporting term limits for the statistically significant predictors – Putin supporters only https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ordinal-logistic-regression-of-the-factors-2319uaha.png Table 4: Ordinal logistic regression of the factors predicting support for presidential term limits in 2018 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ordinal-logistic-regression-of-the-factors-3okytob7.png Table 3: Ordinal logistic regression of the factors predicting support for presidential term limits in 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-president-of-russia-should-not-hold-this-office-3gu9myqi.png Table 1: “The President of Russia should not hold this office for more than two terms in total” (March 2012). The percentage of respondents in favour and against. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-how-much-do-you-agree-or-disagree-that-the-same-xjvs0nqu.png Table 2: ““How much do you agree or disagree that the same person cannot be president of Russia for more than two terms in total?” (April/May 2018). The percentage of respondents in favour and against. https://scispace.com/papers/the-political-systems-of-italian-regions-between-state-wide-erv1b11okd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-second-order-effect-in-italian-regional-ue2xdeaa.png Table 1. The second-order effect in Italian regional elections (1970–2005). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effective-number-of-parties-and-distinctiveness-of-31zzzodi.png Figure 3. Effective number of parties and distinctiveness of voting in Italian regions, 1970–1990 and 1995–2005 (except in Val d’Aosta and Alto Adige). Source: see Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evolution-of-voting-differentiation-of-italian-21kpklif.png Figure 1. Evolution of voting differentiation of Italian ordinary and special regions (Lee index, 1970–2005). Source: see Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-the-effective-number-of-electoral-28a84s0n.png Figure 2. Evolution of the effective number of electoral parties in Italian ordinary and special regions (1970–2005). Source: see Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/the-politics-of-evaporation-and-the-making-of-atmospheric-2qp5mkqusq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-surface-area-to-volume-ratios-and-evaporation-from-49ver45b.png Table 1: Surface area to volume ratios and evaporation from various storages in the MDB Source: NSW Government Factsheet: Measurement and comparison of evaporation in water storages, Department of Industry, 2019. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evaporation-pan-used-by-nsw-office-of-water-3vffetw2.png Figure 2 Evaporation pan used by NSW Office of Water, Menindee, NSW https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-menindee-lakes-and-lower-darling-river-31nq1s5o.png Figure 1 Map of Menindee Lakes and lower Darling River. Source: Adapted from Vertessy et al. (2019) by First Class Communications https://scispace.com/papers/the-politics-of-inclusive-development-interrogating-the-51z3jytn22 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-1-how-ethnicity-affects-state-capacity-causal-2oewvva7.png Table 9.1. How ethnicity affects state capacity: causal mechanisms https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-3-causal-mechanism-set-b-actions-by-other-collective-3dxgs7i5.png Table 9.3. Causal mechanism set (B): actions by other collective actors https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-3-differences-in-political-apparatus-of-social-3q18mn1y.png Table 6.3. Differences in political apparatus of social assistance delivery in case countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-the-evolution-of-political-and-economic-1x6m0u8k.png Figure 2.2. The evolution of political and economic institutions in Acemoglu and Robinson Source: Acemoglu and Robinson (2008). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-institutional-change-in-acemoglu-and-robinson-23cm3sn4.png Figure 2.3. Institutional change in Acemoglu and Robinson Source: <http://economics.mit.edu/files/7850>. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-2-causal-mechanism-set-a-actions-by-ethnic-groups-5yxyb2ql.png Table 9.2. Causal mechanism set (A): actions by ethnic groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-4-causal-mechanism-set-c-institutional-change-2jfjued4.png Table 9.4. Causal mechanism set (C): institutional change https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-2-political-impacts-framework-2q15eid2.png Table 11.2. Political impacts framework https://scispace.com/papers/the-politics-of-power-the-political-economy-of-rent-seeking-26xg4aseqq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-employment-trends-and-board-elections-in-aleco-21e5hk2m.png Figure 4: Employment trends and board elections in ALECO https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-political-economy-of-nested-capture-2ipffxln.png Figure 3: The political economy of nested capture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-losses-over-time-and-across-cooperatives-2t49vndr.png Figure 1: System losses over time and across cooperatives https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-predicted-location-of-the-cases-1e9139wb.png Figure 5: The predicted location of the cases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-key-institutional-indicators-of-electricity-q1gkvnt7.png Figure 2: Key institutional indicators of electricity cooperatives (2008) https://scispace.com/papers/the-polymorphism-l412f-in-tlr3-inhibits-autophagy-and-is-a-4c6v1namp3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2b-male-patients-with-l412f-and-hla-dr3-dq2-haplotype-1vihc5c7.png Table 2b. Male patients with L412F and HLA DR3/DQ2 haplotype https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-association-between-dr3-dq2-l412f-haplotype-and-2b8u22oj.png Table 2b. Male patients with L412F and HLA DR3/DQ2 haplotype https://scispace.com/papers/the-pomeron-f-identity-and-hadronic-total-cross-sections-at-152b3j0ryp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-figure-1-the-model-fit-with-the-parameters-in-table-2lqwq1bo.png TABLE I Figure 1: The model fit, with the parameters in Table I, to moderate energy https://scispace.com/papers/the-population-of-radio-sources-in-the-field-of-the-2hx36lmbl0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gmrt-610-mhz-radio-sources-above-5-j-peak-level-1dq2d9ku.png TABLE 1 GMRT 610 MHz Radio Sources above 5 j Peak Level https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-center-our-deep-gmrt-map-of-the-tev-j2032-4130-field-263k9s2u.png Fig. 2.—Center: Our deep GMRT map of the TeV J2032 4130 field at the 49 cm wavelength (610 MHz). The central cross and the big circle are the same as in Fig. 1. Up to six compact sources are detected above a 5j peak flux density level inside the TeV extended emission circle. Those with both X-ray and near-infrared counterparts are shown in detail in the other panels. Uniform weighting, excluding baselines shorter than 1 kl, s been used to produce this GMRT map, with a synthesized beam of and position angle of 33.0 . The gray scale is linear and goes from 0 to 2.15 mJy beam 1. Left: Zoomed view of′′ ′′5.0 # 4.8 GMRT source 5 coincident with a bright optical/near-infrared early type star according to CAHAKs-band observations. This object also has aChandra X-ray counterpart indicated by the small green circle.Right: Same area as in the right panel of Fig. 1, but containing the bright GMRT source 3. This object has an excellent match with one of the 6 cm VLA andChandra sources in the subimage. The radio contours are superimposed onto a WHTKs-band image showing that there is also a faint near-infrared counterpart. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-large-scale-vla-mosaic-at-the-20-cm-wavelength-1-1krepjnw.png Fig. 1.—Left: Large-scale VLA mosaic, at the 20 cm wavelength (1.4 GHz) in D configuration and uniform weight, of the unidentified gamma-ray source TeV J2032 4130. The COG of TeV emission and its statistical error are indicated by the central cross, while the big yellow circle illustrates the 1j radius of the TeV extended emission. Inside it, diffuse radio emission is clearly seen. The red half-arc traces the extended emission around the TeV COG position. Color cale goes logarithmically from above 0 to 126 mJy. The synthesized beam is shown at the top right corner as an ellipse, with position angle of 15.3 .′′ ′′40.7 # 40.2 Right: Zoomed map of an interesting area inside the TeV extended emission circle where a complex of VLA radio sources has been detected at the 6 cm wavelength (4.8 GHz). Here the red circles indicate the location ofChandra X-ray sources in the field, labeled according to the X-ray identification number given by Butt et al. (2006).Chandra source 234, at and (J2000.0), is a hard X-ray source and is one of the strongest sources in the fieldh m s ′ ′′a p 20 31 51.84 p 41 31 18.84 of TeV 2032 4130. This source has also been detected at 610 MHz (source 3 in Table 1).Chandra source 181, at andh m s ′ ′′a p 20 31 52.08 p 41 30 51.12 (J2000.0), is a weak source. The small cross shows the location, at and (J2000.0), of a compact radio core detected ath m s ′ ′′a p 20 31 52.686 d p 41 30 54.56 3.5 cm during a follow-up run with the VLA in A configuration (not shown here). Uniform weight was used to create this 6 cm map with a synthesized beam of , with position angle of 13.0 . The color scale goes linearly from nearly zero to 0.37 mJy beam 1.′′ ′′11.9 # 11.8 https://scispace.com/papers/the-population-of-tiny-near-earth-objects-observed-by-5485hn08vn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observed-wise-magnitudes-for-each-of-the-neos-23ybf5jq.png Table 1 Observed WISE Magnitudes for each of the NEOs Presented Here, Including the Modified Julian Date (MJD) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-the-neo-2010-fk-center-of-image-was-only-1qwk6q9c.png Figure 1. Left: the NEO 2010 FK (center of image) was only detected in W3 by creating a moving coadd that combined 13 exposures, as it fell just below the detection threshold in the single-frame images (right, center of image). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-thermal-fit-results-for-the-105-new-neo-detections-1iakiwnf.png Table 2 Thermal Fit Results for the 105 New NEO Detections Reported in This Work https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sample-of-objects-recovered-from-the-neowise-data-2xj3qc1v.png Figure 5. Sample of objects recovered from the NEOWISE data set using the KSSOPAL and WISE Image Service tools were all discovered by visible light ground-based surveys (black squares). The albedo distribution of these objects is distinctly different from the sample of NEOs that were selected using the WMOPS algorithm working on 12μm NEOWISE data (cyan circles). Because the WMOPS algorithm treated new discoveries the same way as recoveries of previously known objects, and because asteroids’ thermal fluxes depend only weakly on albedo, the 12μm sample is albedo-insensitive. The optically selected sample’s albedo distribution increases sharply with decreasing size (black line), whereas the albedo distribution of the infrared-selected sample (cyan line) remains essentially unchanged with decreasing size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top-comparison-between-neatm-diameter-fits-derived-1kss6fdn.png Figure 4. Top: comparison between NEATM diameter fits derived using the full set of NEOWISE measurements for each NEO vs. fits derived using only the brightest measurement in W3 for each object; the red line shows a running median. Bottom: histogram of diameter differences between full lightcurve fits and maximum brightness fits; a Gaussian is overplotted (red dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-beaming-parameter-vs-phase-angle-for-objects-2d37021g.png Figure 3. Beaming parameter vs. phase angle for objects observed in two or more thermal wavelengths. The small, close-approaching NEOs that were detected by NEOWISE using the KSSOPAL and WISE Image Service tools (black squares) were usually observed at very high phase angles; the beaming parameter η required was significantly larger than the average value for NEOs observed at lower phase angles (cyan points; cyan line shows running median). Cyan points taken from Mainzer et al. (2011a). Only objects with more than one thermally dominated band available are plotted as these are the objects for which η can be fit; the maximum value of η = π . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-neo-2010-gh7-circled-in-green-was-detected-only-1hzio2sh.png Figure 2. NEO 2010 GH7 (circled in green) was detected only once by NEOWISE due to its high apparent on-sky velocity in bands W2, W3, and W4. This object is on the list of accessible targets for potential human exploration; it makes close approaches to Earth every ∼5 yr. Blue = band W1; green = W2; red =W3. https://scispace.com/papers/the-post-war-bosnia-and-herzegovina-social-capital-and-pro-48jd3vks3t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-the-main-variables-of-3ez3156w.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics of the main variables of interest https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pro-social-activities-of-individuals-in-typical-and-6obd6ymb.png Table 2. Pro-social activities of individuals in typical and crisis period (marginal effects) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-rz4gqocz.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics of the main variables of interest https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pro-social-activity-in-crisis-and-normal-periods-3ufi9nuk.png Figure 1. Pro-social activity in crisis and normal periods – Bosnia and Herzegovina https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-results-from-the-baseline-supm-model-cluster-1ac491q9.png Table A.1. Results from the baseline SUPM model (cluster-robust inference) https://scispace.com/papers/the-potential-impact-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-hiv-3g38d4z8x4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-17bzsghm.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-potential-clinical-value-of-fdg-pet-for-recurrent-renal-1io3t3uyot 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-cases-according-to-metastatic-foci-35usetlb.png Table 3. Number of cases according to metastatic foci https://scispace.com/figures/table-2b-cross-tabulation-of-the-results-of-cases-with-94ur3jjx.png Table 2b. Cross-tabulation of the results of cases with suspected recurrence (n = 23) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-cross-tabulation-of-the-results-of-case-based-azwsecdc.png Table 2b. Cross-tabulation of the results of cases with suspected recurrence (n = 23) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-results-of-images-and-clinical-1wvxbgm1.png Table 1. Characteristics, results of images, and clinical outcomes of patients with RCC https://scispace.com/papers/the-potential-of-microalgae-biorefineries-in-belgium-and-3yubinqqpg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-differences-in-approach-between-a-combined-lca-and-2kwldap2.png Table 1. Differences in approach between a combined LCA and TEA and an ETEA https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-absolute-environmental-impact-results-over-the-total-mhv9kr8o.png Table 4. Absolute environmental impact results over the total lifetime (10 years) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-sensitivity-analysis-3upkhtly.png Table 5. Results sensitivity analysis (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-economic-results-of-the-six-scenarios-over-the-total-3240k116.png Table 3. Economic results of the six scenarios over the total lifetime (10 years) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mass-and-energy-balance-of-the-six-scenarios-over-uro959oy.png Table 2. Mass and energy balance of the six scenarios over the total lifetime (10 years) https://scispace.com/papers/the-potential-influence-of-the-microbiome-on-the-development-jp8ntvu8jx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-various-studies-that-tested-phenylalanine-levels-in-2hm31str.png Table 1. Various studies that tested phenylalanine levels in ADHD patients. ↑ represent the increase of phenylalanine found in ADHD patients and ↓ the decrease of the amino acid in comparison to healthy controls (HC). The symbol — describes that the study found no correlation between ADHD and phenylalanine levels. The accumulative data to date do not allow a definite correlation between a change in phenylalanine levels and ADHD. p levels less than 0.05 were considered statistically different. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-various-studies-that-tested-phenylalanine-levels-in-10fwvjfq.png Table 1. Various studies that tested phenylalanine levels in ADHD patients. ↑ represent the increase of phenylalanine found in ADHD patients and ↓ the decrease of the amino acid in comparison to healthy controls (HC). The symbol — describes that the study found no correlation between ADHD and phenylalanine levels. The accumulative data to date do not allow a definite correlation between a change in phenylalanine levels and ADHD. p levels less than 0.05 were considered statistically different. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-synthesis-pathway-from-l-phenylalanine-to-bu7lxwih.png Figure 2. The synthesis pathway from L-phenylalanine to noradrenaline including all its intermediary products. Dopamine acts as an important metabolite for the emotional response and reward system [64]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-synthesis-pathway-from-l-phenylalanine-to-2b3nj0eb.png Figure 2. The synthesis pathway from L-phenylalanine to noradrenaline including all its intermediary products. Dopamine acts as an important metabolite for the emotional response and reward system [64]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-seven-studies-that-tested-the-effects-of-c-31m12teu.png Table 2. List of seven studies that tested the effects of c-section delivery on the development of ADHD. The table describes if the studies differentiated between the types of c-sections and their effects, and finally shows the sample size and statistical significance level of the individual studies. The symbol - represents that for these studies, this information could not be found as the studies were systematic reviews. The data shows that elective vs. emergency c-sections seem to have different effects on ADHD. p levels less than 0.05 were considered statistically different. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-listing-the-different-genera-predominantly-found-in-3jlh59i6.png Table 3. Listing the different genera, predominantly found in formula-fed vs. breastfed infants. The arrow ↑ describes that this genus is increased in variously fed infants, while ‘-‘ represents that there is no significant change in this genus. One can clearly see that microbial diversity is increased in formula-fed in comparison to breastfed infants. p levels less than 0.05 were considered statistically different. https://scispace.com/papers/the-potential-synergies-of-visual-scene-reconstruction-and-3iswbr9cfz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-the-light-field-describing-each-ray-ibormwp9.png Figure 2. Illustration of the light-field describing each ray with spatial coordinates of the intersection, and angular coordinates of the direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-a-2d-sinogram-left-of-the-famous-shepp-3l1s7ngm.png Figure 1. Example of a 2D sinogram (left) of the famous Shepp-Logan phantom (right). https://scispace.com/papers/the-power-classes-quadratic-time-frequency-representations-2zc51z85kb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-power-group-delay-function-f-for-various-choices-of-1efz1vos.png Fig. 2. Power group delay function (f) for various choices of the power parameter . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-generalized-time-shift-operatordc-corresponds-to-a-ior8flhi.png Fig. 1. Generalized time-shift operatorDc corresponds to a group delay curve t = c (f) in the time–frequency plane. (In this figure,c assumes various positive and negative values.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pictorial-summary-of-the-power-classes-and-their-2cmo8uc1.png Fig. 3. Pictorial summary of the power classes and their subclasses. https://scispace.com/papers/the-power-dissipation-method-and-kinematic-reducibility-of-f2qbcglnpm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-planar-bicycle-2tpxxcty.png Fig. 2. Planar bicycle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-bicycle-with-both-wheels-driven-b-mars-rover-rocky-7-29agj3ux.png Fig. 1. (a) Bicycle with both wheels driven. (b) Mars rover Rocky 7 Sojourner prototype. (c) Distributed manipulation testbed developed at Caltech (see description in the text). (d) Hand capable of grasping objects. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-underactuated-distributed-manipulation-feedback-wwuimb10.png Fig. 5. Underactuated distributed manipulation feedback control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-underactuated-distributed-manipulation-movie-snapshots-2zhyr3jg.png Fig. 6. Underactuated distributed manipulation movie snapshots. The goal is to align the black triangle affixed to the plexiglass with the superimposed triangle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-photograph-and-schematic-of-a-four-cell-distributed-1ofh92gj.png Fig. 4. Photograph and schematic of a four-cell distributed manipulator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simplified-rocky-7-a-schematic-of-a-six-wheeled-rover-1ixxu94g.png Fig. 3. Simplified Rocky 7: (a) Schematic of a six-wheeled rover. (b) Schematic of a simplification of the rover. The configuration of this vehicle consists of the x, y, and coordinates and the steering angle (shown), as well as the three wheel angles ( ; ; ) (not shown). https://scispace.com/papers/the-power-of-correlative-microscopy-multi-modal-multi-scale-12g7pwrzpn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-minisog-a-genetically-encoded-tag-for-correlative-2c923x5y.png Figure 2. MiniSOG: a genetically encoded tag for correlative light and EM microscopy by photooxidation https://scispace.com/papers/the-power-of-humour-to-unite-and-divide-a-case-study-of-2lgd58eo1y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-extract-4-meeting-1-humour-at-the-expense-of-3iq5kiw5.png Figure 4. Extract 4 (Meeting 1): Humour at the expense of someone not attending the meeting.Adapted from Based on Sacks et al. (1974). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cohesion-results-2l486umf.png Table 3. Cohesion results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-conflict-results-6saf4mkr.png Table 4. Conflict results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-jeffersonian-key-1m8q0dxt.png Table 1. Jeffersonian key. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overall-results-2jw26pam.png Table 2. Overall results. https://scispace.com/papers/the-power-of-tv-cable-television-and-women-s-status-in-india-4ye2njk84r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-on-cable-availability-2q8v4mhv.png Table 1. Summary Statistics on Cable Availability https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-cable-television-and-attitudes-fixed-effect-21pximbj.png Table 6. Cable television and Attitudes, Fixed Effect Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-village-level-determinants-of-cable-availability-1w59ko5m.png Table 2. Village-Level Determinants of Cable Availability https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cable-television-and-attitudes-ols-regression-1kdl5rxc.png Table 5. Cable Television and Attitudes, OLS Regression https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-cable-television-education-and-fertility-ols-1xsiusif.png Table 9. Cable Television, Education and Fertility, OLS Regression https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-share-of-urban-rural-difference-explained-by-1gyagq1v.png Table 8. Share of Urban Rural Difference Explained by Television https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-initial-attitudes-and-timing-of-cable-introduction-3f5xk51k.png Table 13. Initial Attitudes and Timing of Cable Introduction https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-on-dependent-variables-1xpouw9i.png Table 3. Summary Statistics on Dependent Variables https://scispace.com/papers/the-power-of-individual-cultural-values-in-global-virtual-48jq863dms 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-results-for-trust-unstandardized-3t8vehuu.png Table 4. Regression results for Trust (unstandardized coefficients, standard errors in parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-regression-results-for-task-conflict-unstandardized-ubaofvqz.png Table 8. Regression results for Task Conflict (unstandardized coefficients, standard errors in parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-breakdown-by-nationality-1dx320b1.png Table 1. Sample breakdown by nationality https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-3pqd0qfy.png Table 2. Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-matrix-2kzc1rt4.png Table 3. Correlation matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-regression-results-for-relationship-conflict-1jiv8z0a.png Table 7. Regression results for Relationship Conflict (unstandardized coefficients, standard errors in parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regression-results-for-information-sharing-3lic2qzt.png Table 6. Regression results for Information Sharing (unstandardized coefficients, standard errors in parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-results-for-task-interdependence-qzbf7rqb.png Table 5. Regression results for Task Interdependence (unstandardized coefficients, standard errors in parentheses) https://scispace.com/papers/the-prediction-of-differential-hardening-behaviour-of-steels-40sa8pl62w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-micro-alamel-hardening-parameters-of-the-3-grades-eq9o4h67.png Table 3: Micro-Alamel hardening parameters of the 3 grades. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-stress-strain-curve-predictions-by-micro-alamel-2o6ph5jl.png Figure 12: Stress-strain curve predictions by micro-Alamel model compared to the experimental curves. ‘tens’: RD-tensile test; ‘compr’: ND-compression test. The absolute value of the true tensile (resp. compressive) stress is plotted against the absolute value of the true tensile (resp. compressive) strain. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-the-investigated-steel-sheets-t-is-3aq27vf7.png Table 1: Properties of the investigated steel sheets; t is nominal sheet thickness, σY(0.2%) the 0.2% nonproportionality limit of tensile test along 0° to rolling direction RD, and r the Lankford coefficient of tensile test along 0° to RD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-stress-strain-curve-predictions-by-various-models-3o1krkvt.png Figure 8: Stress-strain curve predictions by various models compared to the experimental curves for IF-2. ‘tens’: RD-tensile test; ‘compr’: ND-compression test. ‘Macro’ (resp. ’Micro’): macroscopic (resp. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-experimental-stress-strain-curves-each-curve-1cv6mzii.png Figure 6: Experimental stress-strain curves, each curve averaged for three individual experiments. The absolute value of the true tensile (resp. compressive) stress is plotted against the absolute value of the true tensile (resp. compressive) strain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-initial-if-2-yield-loci-section-normalized-by-the-1iw5a3f2.png Figure 9: Initial IF-2 yield loci section (normalized by the RD uniaxial yield stress) for Taylor and Alamel. Horizontal axis: tensile stress along RD-direction; vertical axis: tensile stress along TDdirection. The ordinates of equibiaxial yield points are printed in grey. The initial yield loci are independent of the assumed hardening model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-differential-hardening-in-b220h-bake-hardening-q1z24gzl.png Figure 1: Differential hardening in B220H bake hardening steel, after Mulder and Vegter, 2010. Experimental data is given in full lines; the dotted line shows a theoretic example of ND-uniaxial https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-stress-factor-defined-in-3-from-experimental-tests-2jqwk42f.png Figure 7: Stress factor (defined in (3)) from experimental tests, as a function of the tensile strain in the RD-tensile test. https://scispace.com/papers/the-predictive-global-neuronal-workspace-a-formal-active-1euuo3i1pn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-report-frequencies-forced-choice-accuracy-simulated-1ub09n4j.png Figure 5. Report frequencies, forced choice accuracy, simulated firing rates, and simulated ERPs for each quadrant of the four-way taxonomy. Numbers shown on the lower-level firing rate plots illustrate the firing rate strengths (between 0 and 1) before and after top-down feedback from the higher level (i.e., time steps 2 and 3, respectively). ERP plots show the temporal derivative of the firing rates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simulated-firing-rates-darker-higher-firing-rate-1ulwr93f.png Figure 4. Simulated firing rates (darker = higher firing rate) predicted under the process theory associated with Active Inference (Friston et al., 2017). Each row represents the firing rate of the neuronal populations encoding the posterior expectations over each state. Individual squares each represent the time point within the trial. Actions (cyan dots = true action chosen; colour represents the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-potential-extension-of-posner-cueing-paradigm-28zsasfg.png Figure 9. A potential extension of Posner cueing paradigm introduced by Kok and colleagues (2012) that could allow for the independent manipulation of expectation, stimulus strength, and attention. By manipulating expectation in a block-wise manner, and attention and stimulus strength in a trial-wise manner, the paradigm would allow all twelve combinations of expectation (consistent, neutral, inconsistent) by attention (present, absent) by stimulus strength (strong, weak) to be studied within one paradigm. Shown above are predicted/attended and unpredicted/unattended combinations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-report-frequency-simulated-erps-and-associated-2m66w6k2.png Figure 6. Report frequency, simulated ERPs, and associated firing rates predicted for each of the three phases of the sustained inattentional blindness task. The empirical ERP plots, taken from the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-top-panel-illustrates-the-free-energy-323zblcm.png Figure 1. The top panel illustrates the free energy functionals and partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) structure used within the generative model. The left side of this upper panel shows the decomposition of Variational free energy (VFE) into relative entropy and model evidence. Because the relative entropy term is always greater than or equal to zero when the approximate posterior approximates the true posterior VFE is equal to the negative model evidence. Minimising VFE is, therefore, equivalent to maximising model evidence. For visual simplicity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bayesian-network-depiction-of-the-generative-model-1xi9dlu0.png Figure 3. Bayesian network depiction of the generative model, with arrows showing the dependencies between hidden state factors and outcome modalities. At the second level, states within the sequence type and trial phase hidden state factors determine the internal stimulus and peripheral stimulus hidden states at the first level (which function as second-level observations). This was set up such https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-the-task-performed-by-the-agent-on-1bao2ugd.png Figure 2. Illustration of the task performed by the agent. On each trial the in silico subject was presented with a stimulus composed of an array of bars surrounded by coloured discs. At the 2nd time point, the array was replaced by a square, and at the3rd time point the array changed back to the original bar pattern. The agent was then required to either perform a two-alternative forced-choice task or report whether they had seen the square. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-report-frequency-forced-choice-behaviour-and-1tfys6a3.png Figure 7. Report frequency, forced choice behaviour, and simulated firing rates predicted for each consistent-inconsistent prior combination of the quadrants shown in the four-way taxonomy. Relative to the results of the four-way taxonomy, consistent expectations increased forced choice accuracy, the percentage of trials reported as “seen”, and boosted the enhancing effect of feedback from the higher level. Inconsistent priors had the opposite effect, reducing accuracy, the percentage of “seen” trials and first level firing rates. https://scispace.com/papers/the-predictive-power-of-ground-motion-prediction-equations-4ag6alxatm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-magnitude-distance-scatter-plot-for-four-considered-viu3ojt1.png Figure 1. Magnitude–distance scatter plot for four considered data sets: (1) ITACA, ITalian ACcelerometric Archive data set used for calibration; (2) ITACA-SEL, a subset of ITACA, also used for calibration; (3) IT-VAL, Italian data independent from ITACA, used for validation against new data; (4) NGA-SEL, records extracted from the Next Generation Attenuation-West2 (NGA-West2) data set, used for validation against new data. JB, Joyner–Boore. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summarizes-the-performance-of-the-considered-models-38zoffyv.png Table 2 summarizes the performance of the considered models in terms of logLH, AIC, and BIC; the standard deviation σ of the residuals is also listed. Although, as expected, the most complex model (i.e., IT) shows the lowest logLH, model B shows the best performance in terms of both AIC and BIC. Therefore, the introduction of the apparent anelastic term (coefficient b5 in equation 9) is not justified in terms of the balance between goodness-of-fit and model complexity. Indeed, a significance test performed over b5 confirms that it is not significantly different from zero at any confidence level (because its t-value is less than 1). To avoid overfitting, the AIC values suggest that one should remove this parameter. It is worth noting that the contribution of the anelastic term to the seismic attenuation increases with distance. When larger distances are analyzed, the contribution of the anelastic term could become significant, as expected from theory. Considering that the average attenuation along a ray path depends on the traveled distance, the application of https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-features-of-the-considered-data-sets-3sahl12i.png Table 1 Main Features of the Considered Data Sets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-of-a-neural-network-calibrated-using-the-1d975ik3.png Figure 2. An example of a neural network calibrated using the ITACA data set. EC8, Eurocode 8 (2004). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-squared-error-for-different-resampling-urj7por2.png Table 4 Mean Squared Error for Different Resampling Techniques https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-goodness-of-fit-and-predictive-metric-computed-for-1eic9t7l.png Table 2 summarizes the performance of the considered models in terms of logLH, AIC, and BIC; the standard deviation σ of the residuals is also listed. Although, as expected, the most complex model (i.e., IT) shows the lowest logLH, model B shows the best performance in terms of both AIC and BIC. Therefore, the introduction of the apparent anelastic term (coefficient b5 in equation 9) is not justified in terms of the balance between goodness-of-fit and model complexity. Indeed, a significance test performed over b5 confirms that it is not significantly different from zero at any confidence level (because its t-value is less than 1). To avoid overfitting, the AIC values suggest that one should remove this parameter. It is worth noting that the contribution of the anelastic term to the seismic attenuation increases with distance. When larger distances are analyzed, the contribution of the anelastic term could become significant, as expected from theory. Considering that the average attenuation along a ray path depends on the traveled distance, the application of https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-log-likelihood-loglh-mean-bias-and-standard-1q4jbxwc.png Table 3 Log Likelihood (logLH), Mean (Bias), and Standard Deviation (σ) of the Residual Distribution for Two Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-validation-against-new-data-6g43fjpv.png Table 5 Results of Validation against New Data https://scispace.com/papers/the-predictive-power-of-noisy-round-robin-tournaments-2x3v0vurs8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-predictive-power-r1-as-a-function-of-noise-218dysa1.png Figure 1: The predictive power ρ1 as a function of noise level σ 2 for various N , and of the number of players N for various σ2, for a normal, Pareto, and uniform distribution of players’ abilities. https://scispace.com/papers/the-predictive-value-of-porcine-seminal-parameters-on-ujdoldm3uy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multiple-linear-regression-of-semen-measurements-282fxhtj.png Table 4. Multiple linear regression of semen measurements with farrowing rate (forward stepwise model) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-univariate-logistic-and-linear-regression-of-seminal-3ux6e2an.png Table 2. Univariate logistic and linear regression of seminal measurements with farrowing rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multiple-logistic-regression-of-semen-measurements-27ca4a3g.png Table 3. Multiple logistic regression of semen measurements with farrowing rate (forward stepwise model) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cut-off-values-breaking-points-of-semen-parameters-2tpxtm7k.png Table 5. Cut-off values (breaking points) of semen parameters significantly related to farrowing rate calculated from receiver-operating curves (ROC) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-semen-measurements-and-reproduction-results-pxhu3n81.png Table 1. Semen measurements and reproduction results determined for 273 ejaculates from 57 boars allocated into two groups according to farrowing rate (mean ± SEM) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-linear-regression-of-seminal-measurements-with-3bqj9rq6.png Table 6. Linear regression of seminal measurements with average litter sizea https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-multiple-linear-regression-stepwise-forward-of-212ix5cj.png Table 7. Multiple linear regression (stepwise forward) of seminal measurements with average number of piglets livea https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-multiple-linear-regression-stepwise-forward-of-3tclnmd3.png Table 8. Multiple linear regression (stepwise forward) of seminal measurements with average total number of pigletsa https://scispace.com/papers/the-preparation-and-properties-of-lanthanum-promoted-nickel-qttxsspcnn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-ni5a12-oh-4c03-nh-0-3-36spuew9.png FIGURE 1 Structure of Ni5A12(OH),4C03.nH,0.3 https://scispace.com/papers/the-prevalence-and-determinants-of-physical-activity-zmdxcwgg0u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chiropractic-practice-characteristics-regarding-3cy17kme.png Table 2 Chiropractic practice characteristics regarding discussion about physical activity as part of patient care. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-practitioner-characteristics-of-chiropractors-who-2pveblha.png Table 1 Practitioner characteristics of chiropractors who discuss physical activity as part of patient care. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-clinical-management-regarding-discussion-about-29e1nm78.png Table 3 Clinical management regarding discussion about physical activity as part of patient care. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-factors-associated-with-chiropractors-who-frequently-10llqi5d.png Table 4 Factors associated with chiropractors who frequently discuss physical activity as part of patient care. https://scispace.com/papers/the-pretreatment-principle-in-renal-transplantation-as-1idnhpadwt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rejection-in-first-two-months-of-cadaver-kidneys-xfmi1bhb.png TABLE 1: REJECTION IN FIRST TWO MONTHS OF CADAVER KIDNEYS: INFLUENCE OF THORACIC DUCT DRAINAGE* https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-broadly-reacting-war-l-anti-b-lyhphocyte-antibodies-zikzkb1a.png TABLE 2: BROADLY REACTING* WAR.."'l ANTI-B LYHPHOCYTE ANTIBODIES TWO WEEKS AFTER TRANSPLANTATION https://scispace.com/papers/the-prevalence-and-incidence-of-mixed-connective-tissue-5cw0zltse0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-total-population-of-147-patients-with-21-3uxa4912.png Table 6. The total population of 147 patients, with 21 patients without available HRCT files and the 126 patients with accessible HRCT files. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-four-lung-zones-a-d-3j7w9j76.png Figure 5. The four lung zones (A-D). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-distribution-of-the-hrct-abnormalities-in-lung-zones-z1ex6t4c.png Table 7: Distribution of the HRCT abnormalities in lung zones A-D. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-esophageal-dilation-evaluated-from-hrct-of-the-lungs-ly824ak1.png Table 8. Esophageal dilation evaluated from HRCT of the lungs associated with lung fibrosis as pathological reticular score. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cumulative-inclusion-of-the-147-patients-in-the-elmlu7na.png Figure 2: Cumulative inclusion of the 147 patients in the nationwide Norwegian MCTD study from the 15th of March, 2005, to the 31st of December, 2008. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-disease-criteria-of-mixed-connective-6f6tv7uj.png Table 1. Overview of disease criteria of mixed connective tissue disease (I-IV). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-u1-ribonucleoprotein-complex-18lbk09j.png Figure 1. The U1- ribonucleoprotein complex https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-distribution-of-the-total-reticular-scores-in-23qq1e54.png Figure 7. The distribution of the total reticular scores in the group with severe fibrosis (n=24, https://scispace.com/papers/the-prevalence-of-heat-related-cardiorespiratory-symptoms-14ih24tctc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-areas-of-the-finrisk-2007-cold-heat-sub-study-xojrajw7.png Fig. 1 The areas of the FINRISK 2007 cold-heat sub-study. Isotherms are mean July temperatures, 1981-2010. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-subjects-classified-according-to-demographic-and-34y9vndt.png Table 1. Subjects classified according to demographic and personal characteristics. The National FINRISK 2007 Study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-model-adjusted-prevalence-of-heat-related-3i3b5m8g.png Fig. 3 Model-adjusted prevalence of heat-related cardiorespiratory symptoms by age, separately for all subjects (ALL), those having a pre-existing cardiovascular (CVD) and lung disease (LD) and those having no such diseases (NoCVD, NoLD), separately for four professional fields and educational classes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-prevalence-of-heat-related-cardiorespiratory-symptoms-2x4klvo8.png Fig. 2 Prevalence of heat-related cardiorespiratory symptoms among all subjects and those having a diagnosed cardiovascular or lung disease. Circles are empirical prevalences in each 1- year age interval. Continuous line shows the prevalence smoothed by natural cubic spline with 3 degrees of freedom and shaded area is its 95% confidence band. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prevalence-of-heat-related-cardiorespiratory-w8skqw2m.png Table 2 Prevalence of heat-related cardiorespiratory symptoms a and odds ratios (OR) from adjusted logistic regressions, together with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) . The National FINRISK 2007 Study. https://scispace.com/papers/the-prevalence-and-influence-of-the-combination-of-humor-and-4b6e2n6m2w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-humor-styles-adapted-from-martin-et-al-2003-owmwbt4v.png Figure 1. Humor Styles Adapted from Martin et al. (2003) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-comparing-sampled-years-2005-2007-and-2009-xl68fm61.png Table 2. Summary Comparing Sampled Years (2005, 2007, and 2009) https://scispace.com/papers/the-prevention-of-preterm-labour-corticotropin-releasing-45mvel0957 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-factors-associated-with-preterm-labour-irf1qgnt.png Table 1: Clinical factors associated with preterm labour https://scispace.com/papers/the-prevalence-of-traumatic-brain-injury-among-young-323z8vzat1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-studies-reporting-on-the-prevalence-of-tbi-amongst-kum8kmjs.png Table 2. Studies reporting on the prevalence of TBI amongst young people https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-studies-reporting-on-the-prevalence-of-tbi-amongst-3aamb46v.png Table 1. Studies reporting on the prevalence of TBI amongst young people in custody https://scispace.com/papers/the-preventive-misconception-experiences-from-caprisa-004-3rux0mnw0b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-quantifying-pm-in-caprisa-004-2gwxrpb7.png Fig. 1 Quantifying PM in CAPRISA 004 https://scispace.com/papers/the-price-and-liquidity-impact-of-china-forbidding-initial-3e396tdzkq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-liquidity-effects-associated-with-the-chinese-24ub98kv.png Table 2. Liquidity effects associated with the Chinese government preventing ICOs in the cryptocurrency market. https://scispace.com/papers/the-price-ain-t-right-hospital-prices-and-health-spending-on-4mgepkuw44 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-x-merger-event-studies-2008-2011-nkr9yun1.png FIGURE X: MERGER EVENT STUDIES, 2008-2011 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-vi-repeated-price-and-share-of-charge-agreements-at-a-1j99dwsu.png FIGURE VI: REPEATED PRICE AND SHARE OF CHARGE AGREEMENTS AT A HOSPITAL FOR VAGINAL DELIVERY, 2010-2011 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-vii-contract-classifications-overall-and-by-procedure-3gqky3ml.png FIGURE VII: CONTRACT CLASSIFICATIONS OVERALL AND BY PROCEDURE, 2010-2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-xiv-prices-and-contractual-form-at-the-procedure-level-1yrwzxxb.png Table XIV: Prices and Contractual Form at the Procedure level https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-hospital-concentration-prices-and-contract-form-2ohbxrot.png TABLE IV: HOSPITAL CONCENTRATION, PRICES AND CONTRACT FORM, 2008-2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-decomposition-of-hospitals-transaction-price-311cz7f2.png TABLE III: DECOMPOSITION OF HOSPITALS’ TRANSACTION PRICE VARIATION https://scispace.com/figures/figure-viii-medicare-reimbursements-and-negotiated-prices-at-38b2axe7.png FIGURE VIII: MEDICARE REIMBURSEMENTS AND NEGOTIATED PRICES AT TWO HIGH VOLUME HOSPITALS, 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-iii-national-variation-in-hospital-prices-for-knee-j9i17kgk.png FIGURE III: NATIONAL VARIATION IN HOSPITAL PRICES FOR KNEE REPLACEMENT AND LOWER LIMB MRIS, 2011 https://scispace.com/papers/the-price-of-a-bit-energetic-costs-and-the-evolution-of-5v4c2x7s4h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-enzymatic-parameter-ranges-for-kinases-phosphatases-ugyws2zs.png FIG. 2. Enzymatic parameter ranges for kinases/phosphatases based on the PaxDb [43] and Sabio-RK [45] databases. Because of the relative lack of phosphatase data (orange histograms) relative to kinases (blue histograms), we fit an overall log-normal joint probability to the total data set including both kinases and phosphatases. The marginal distributions from that global fit are plotted as purple curves. The parameters are as follows: (A) kinase substrate [S] and phosphatase [P ] concentrations; (B) kinase/phosphatase Michaelis constants KkinM , K pho https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-a-representative-contour-diagram-of-i-solid-curves-3qcs3q6j.png FIG. 3. (A) A representative contour diagram of I (solid curves) as a function of κ−r and ρ−r for a parameter set drawn randomly from the joint distribution. Dotted lines denote contours of constant ∆µ. In this case ∆µ = 6.72 kBT is the smallest value at which the system can achieve I = 1 bit. (B) For a sample parameter set, the minimum ∆µ needed to achieve I = 1, 2 bits as a function of input frequency γx. For the 1 bit case, the dashed line represents γ high https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-schematic-signaling-pathway-involving-cascades-of-7qggqfb5.png FIG. 1. (A) A schematic signaling pathway involving cascades of kinase phosphorylation, initiated by a receptor embedded in the cell membrane that responds to extracellular ligands. The system we focus on will be one stage of the pathway, a kinase-phosphatase push-pull loop, highlighted in the dashed box. (B) The molecular species and reaction parameters of the push-pull loop. The kinase (K) binds to the substrate (S), forming the complex (SK) that catalyzes the production of phosphorylated substrate (S∗). Phosphatase (P ) binds to S∗, forming a complex (S∗P ) that catalyzes the dephosporylation of the substrate. Forward reaction / binding rates are labeled in black, while reverse reaction / unbinding rates are in red. (C) The loop serves to transduce an input signal, defined as the total population of kinase (bound or unbound), X(t) = K(t) + SK(t), into an output, defined as the total population of phosphorylated substrate, Y (t) = S∗(t) + S∗P (t). The input signal has a characteristic autocorrelation time γ−1x . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-the-same-ghighx-uhigh-point-distribution-as-in-fig-2kxa5kpf.png FIG. 4. (A) The same (γhighx ,∆µhigh) point distribution as in Fig. 3C for I = 1 bit, except plotted in terms of ATP consumption rate A on the vertical axis. The solid line is the approximate lower bound Amin on ATP consumption given by Eq. (7). (B) This distribution replotted with selection coefficient |s| on the vertical axis. |s| quantifies the fitness cost associated with a system that achieves the target I = 1 bit but is sub-optimal in ATP consumption, relative to an optimal variant where A = Amin. The value of |s| becomes evolutionarily significant when it is higher than a “drift threshold” N−1e , where Ne is the effective population of the organism (a measure of genetic diversity). The ranges of N−1e for different classes of organisms are shown on the right [32, 56]. The vertical dotted line corresponds to the estimated γhighx for the yeast Pbs2/Hog1 system. https://scispace.com/papers/the-pricing-of-long-and-short-run-variance-and-correlation-mvho6bt6uy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pre-crisis-return-prediction-with-variance-and-367xd2uh.png Table 4: Pre-Crisis Return Prediction with Variance and Correlation Risk Premia This table presents results for predictability regressions for the pre-crisis period from January 1996 to December 2007. The dependent variable in Panel A is the monthly excess return on the S&P 100 index in percent. Panel B shows forecasting results for quarterly regressions that are based on overlapping monthly returns. All independent variables are as defined in Table 2 and are standardized to have mean zero and standard deviation equal to one. Intercept estimates are not reported to save space. Robust t-Statistics based on Hodrick (1992) standard errors are in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-presents-descriptive-statistics-for-the-daily-1w3rcd99.png Table 5 presents descriptive statistics for the daily volatility and correlation factors and for the other pricing factors. By construction, innovations in the high-frequency component of volatilities and correlations are strongly time-varying while shocks to the low-frequency part are more stable. Correlations between the long run and short run factors are low, which means that they can capture orthogonal sources of risk. The table further shows that innovations in high- (low-) frequency average stock volatility and average correlation are positively correlated with shocks to short (long) run market volatility, consistent with the decomposition of market volatility into individual volatilities and correlations. Pairwise correlations between the volatility and correlation factors and https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-predicting-quarterly-returns-with-variance-and-3ek4dt66.png Table 3: Predicting Quarterly Returns with Variance and Correlation Risk Premia This table presents results for predictability regressions for the period from January 1996 to December 2008. The dependent variable is the quarterly excess return on the S&P 100 index in percent. The quarterly regressions are based on overlapping monthly returns. All independent variables are as defined in Table 2 and are standardized to have mean zero and standard deviation equal to one. Intercept estimates are not reported to save space. Robust t-statistics based on Hodrick (1992) standard errors are in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-price-of-volatility-and-correlation-risk-controlling-1i6w7pfb.png Table 7: Price of Volatility and Correlation Risk Controlling for Traditional Factors This table reports estimates of the cross-sectional price of long and short run volatility and correlation risk. The intertemporal risk-return tradeoff is estimated as a system of equations for a panel of 30 Dow Jones stocks using the SUR approach. The dependent variable is the daily excess stock return and the independent variables are the conditional covariances between stock returns and risk factors. The factors are the daily excess market return, the high- and low-frequency volatility and correlation factors, and the size, value, momentum, and illiquidity factors defined in Table 5. The average volatility factor is further decomposed into systematic and idiosyncratic parts. The coefficients for the high- and low-frequency correlation factors have been divided by 10 for ease of presentation. The sample period is from January 1990 to December 2008. t-Statistics adjusted for heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation, and cross-correlation among the residuals are in parentheses. Wald is the Wald test statistic for the null hypothesis that all intercepts are jointly equal to zero. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-predicting-monthly-returns-with-variance-and-1uzztz0x.png Table 2: Predicting Monthly Returns with Variance and Correlation Risk Premia This table presents results for predictability regressions for the period from January 1996 to December 2008. The dependent variable is the monthly excess return on the S&P 100 index in percent. In Panel A the independent variables are lagged V RPM , V RP , and CRP , all defined in Table 1. Also included are V RP syst , which is the value-weighted average of the systematic part of the variance risk premium on individual options, and V RP idio , which is the value-weighted average of the idiosyncratic variance risk premium. Panel B adds traditional return predictors to the regressions. CAY is the consumption-wealth ratio, for which the most recently available quarterly observations are taken as monthly observations, DEF is the default spread, defined as the yield differential between bonds rated Baa by Moody’s and bonds with a Moody’s rating of Aaa, log(P/E) is the log of the smoothed price-earnings ratio for the S&P 500, and TERM is the term spread, defined as the difference between the ten-year and three-month Treasury yield. All independent variables are standardized to have mean zero and standard deviation equal to one. Intercept estimates are not reported to save space. Robust t-statistics based on Hodrick (1992) standard errors are in parentheses. https://scispace.com/papers/the-price-of-law-the-case-of-the-eurozone-collective-action-pw6u06mtyt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-filtering-and-country-representativeness-29fq1zo5.png Table 1 Data filtering and country representativeness https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sample-overview-cac-and-no-cac-bonds-bond-level-1msh8k3c.png Table 2 Sample overview CAC and no-CAC bonds (bond-level variables) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cac-bonds-issuances-1f2r1gh1.png Figure 2 CAC bonds issuances https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cac-bonds-outstanding-2gvnv8pn.png Figure 3 CAC bonds outstanding https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cac-provisions-and-yield-differentials-country-2afdcapp.png Table 5 CAC provisions and yield differentials: Country creditworthiness and quality of law https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-maturity-differential-between-cac-and-matched-non-116guhsr.png Figure 4 Maturity differential between CAC and matched non-CAC bonds https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-cac-provisions-and-yield-differentials-country-1nqsdgsm.png Table 9 CAC provisions and yield differentials: Country creditworthiness and quality of law (nonlinearities, placebo) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-cac-provisions-and-yield-differentials-country-3337z0vk.png Table 8 CAC provisions and yield differentials: Country creditworthiness and quality of law (placebo) https://scispace.com/papers/the-price-of-attack-rethinking-damage-costs-in-animal-4tancmvaui 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-self-inflicted-damage-via-attacks-in-3klpjxfb.png Table 1 Examples of self-inflicted damage via attacks in human and non-human animals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-damage-to-attacker-and-receiver-a-a-24y3cso9.png Figure 1 Examples of damage to attacker and receiver (a) A beadlet sea anemone Actinia 536 equina exhibits holes in its acrorhagi as a result of inflicting an attack on (b) Acrorhagial 537 peels can be seen on the body column of the recipient of attack (Anemone pictures: Sarah 538 M. Lane) (c) A male Asian rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus with a broken head horn 539 resulting from a fight with another male. (d) A male with punctured elytra, caused by the 540 sharp tines seen on the thoracic horn (Beetle pictures: Erin L. McCullough). 541 https://scispace.com/papers/the-pricing-of-pole-attachments-implications-and-3tydm708qq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ramsey-prices-3pkuvpq9.png Table 3. Ramsey Prices https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-final-service-demand-elasticities-91kyfkxg.png Table 2. Final Service Demand Elasticities https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evidence-on-pole-attachment-rates-foot-year-2upb8jhc.png Table 1. Evidence on Pole Attachment Rates, $/ foot/year https://scispace.com/papers/the-pro-environmental-behavior-task-a-laboratory-measure-of-2xc9a4okb2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pearson-correlation-coefficients-for-the-306q3io3.png Table 1. Pearson correlation coefficients for the relationships between the proportion of environmentally friendly (EF) choices on the Pro-Environmental Behavior Task and self-report measures https://scispace.com/papers/the-problem-of-excess-reserves-then-and-now-1ut0seqw29 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparable-monetary-data-from-the-european-central-4vxipefq.png Table 1. Comparable monetary data from the European Central Bank https://scispace.com/papers/the-problem-of-unquantified-benefits-52z8k7gdjk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-formality-informality-spectrum-80-2x0l430q.png Figure 1. The formality-informality spectrum.80 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-number-of-cbas-citing-various-reasons-for-lack-of-35qtuxxd.png Figure 4. Number of CBAs citing various reasons for lack of quantification of benefits. (Note: Numbers do not sum to 45 because, in most instances, EPA cited multiple rationales.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-litmus-test-versus-standard-setting-cba-as-a-2hwilw68.png Figure 2: Litmus-test versus standard-setting CBA as a measure of efficiency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-number-of-cbas-considering-varying-numbers-of-13f26q8a.png Figure 5. Number of CBAs considering varying numbers of alternatives. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cbas-of-major-epa-rules-oct-1-2002-through-sept-30-37fz6wfg.png Figure 3. CBA’s of major EPA rules: Oct. 1, 2002 through Sept. 30, 2015. https://scispace.com/papers/the-procedure-providing-enhanced-agrobacterium-mediated-1a1gvfznyc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-optimization-of-transformation-of-immature-embryos-1ec4c1od.png Table 4. Optimization of transformation of immature embryos and regeneration of hygromycin-resistant (Hygr) and GUS positive (GUS+) plants of wheat cv. Vesna. SFC – shoot forming capacity. *TE-Transformation efficiency = (No. of survived plants/No. of inoculated embryos) × 100, **Survival rate = (No. of survived calli/No. of embryo explants) × 100. Data indicate the mean ± standard error (SE). Five replicates, each with 16–27 samples, were used per treatment. Treatments denoted by the same letter are not significantly different according to the LSD test at P < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-treatments-for-optimization-of-agrobacterium-2cmsva6k.png Table 1. Treatments for optimization of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of wheat cv. Vesna using LBA4404/ pTOK233 vector. Additives A-Acetosyringone and AA-Ascorbic acid in infection (CIM-inf) and co-cultivation (CIM-co) media. aFIIE, Freshly isolated immature embryo; PCIE, four-day precultured immature embryos. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-application-of-fiie2-protocol-optimized-for-cv-16hxk1wh.png Table 5. The application of FIIE2 protocol optimized for cv. Vesna transformation to another five wheat genotypes selected for variable regeneration capacities. C, control treatment; T, transformation treatment; TE, transformation efficiency = (No. of survived plants/No. of inoculated embryos) × 100; Survival rate = (No. of survived calli/No. of embryo explants) × 100. Values represent mean ± SE. Mean values within a column denoted by the same letter are not significantly different according to the LSD test at P < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regeneration-potential-of-immature-embryos-of-six-1clnpnr5.png Table 2. Regeneration potential of immature embryos of six different common wheat genotypes following 3 weeks of cultivation on CIM with 2 mg L−1 2,4-D. SFC, shoot forming capacity. Data indicated the mean ± standard error (SE). Four replicates, each with 14–20 samples were used per genotype. Within a column, means denoted by the same letter are not significantly different according to the LSD test at P < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-regeneration-response-of-cv-vesna-immature-embryos-34j2bwoh.png Fig. 1. Regeneration response of cv. Vesna immature embryos after 2 weeks of co-cultivation by Agrobacterium using ascorbic acid (AA) at 100 mg L−1 as an antioxidant. a – frequency of regenerating calli; b – mean number of shoots per explant, and c – shoot forming capacity (SFC) index. Values represent means ± SE. Means marked by an asterisk (*) are significantly different by ttest (P < 0.05). AA+, with ascorbic acid; AA-, without ascorbic acid. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-pre-culture-and-acetosyringone-on-12wrkhyr.png Table 3. Effect of pre-culture and acetosyringone on transient GUS expression in immature embryo explants of cv. Vesna at different post co-cultivation time by Agrobacterium. FIIE – freshly isolated (not pre-cultured) immature embryos; PCIE – immature embryos pre-cultured on 2 mg L−1 2,4-D-containing MS medium for four days. Data represent response of 30 co-cultivated explants per treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-agrobacterium-mediated-transformation-of-common-wheat-3egccdax.png Fig. 2. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of common wheat immature embryos. a-c – transient GUS expression in FIIE explants after 3, 6 and 25 days of co-cultivation, respectively, scale bar = 1 mm; d – regenerative embryogenic callus after 20 d of culture, scale bar = 1 mm; e – shoots regenerated from hygromycin B-resistant callus on medium with 20 mg L−1 hygromycin, scale bar = 1 cm; f – elongating shoots on medium with 10 mg L−1 hygromycin, scale bar = 1 cm; g – elongated and rooted transformed cv. Vesna plants, scale bar = 1 cm; h–j – GUS histochemical expression in induced shoot bud and in putative T0 cv. Vesna plant in leaf, and root vascular cylinder, respectively, scale bar = 1 mm; k – acclimated transformed Vesna, ZA-205, BL-100, Inia 66, Tobari 66 and Norin 10 plants in greenhouse, scale bar = 10 cm; l – PCR amplification of putative transformed wheat shoots with pTOK233 using gus primers showing amplicon of 366 bp. Lane M 1kb – DNA ladder, lane C – negative control, lane P – positive control, lanes 1–8 – two transformed plant lines of each wheat genotype: Vesna, ZA-205, BL-100, Inia 66, respectively, and lanes 9 and 10 – transformed plant line of Tobari 66 and Norin 10, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/the-proceedings-of-the-27th-slac-summer-institute-on-cp-265yco097h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-diagram-of-1990-i-l-l-neutron-edm-expt-a-ucn-2runeyp1.png Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of 1990 I.L.L. neutron EDM expt. a:UCN entrance; b: magnet; c: guide changer; d: UCN detector; e: polarizing foil; f: flip coil; g: storage chamber; v: neutron valve; k: rubidium magnetometer; m: 5 layer magnetic shield; p: HV feedthrough. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-edm-results-from-neutron-atomic-and-1re3590y.png Table 5. Summary of EDM results from neutron, atomic, and molecular expts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measurements-of-d-x2oyzkol.png Table 1. Measurements of D https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-theoretical-limits-on-d-1v5gb5ti.png Table 2. Theoretical limits on D https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-schematic-diagram-of-seattle199hg-edm-experiment-a-1pmi9f0f.png Fig. 7. Schematic diagram of Seattle199Hg EDM experiment.a:204Hg lamp; b: lens; c: linear polarizer; d: quarter-wave plate; e: optical pumping cells; f: optical detectors; g: phase sensitive detectors; h: stepping motor; k: phase sensitive detector reference; m: magnetic field and gradient correction signals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-diagram-of-the-current-i-l-l-neutron-edm-3jqm7lyb.png Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of the current I.L.L. neutron EDM experiment. a: UCN source; b: neutron guide change-over; c: UCN detector; d: magnet; e: polarizing foil; f: flip coil; g: Hg UV lamps; h: cell for pre-polarization of Hg atoms; k: storage volume; m: 4-layer magnetic shield; p: HV lead; q: UV light detector; v: vacuum wall; s: optical windows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-schematic-diagram-of-harvard-smithsonian-michigan129xe-rn84e1f0.png Fig. 8. Schematic diagram of Harvard/Smithsonian-Michigan129Xe EDM experiment.a: nested magnetic shields; b: 795 nm light source; c: quarter wave plate; d: beam expander; e: light beam; f: pump bulb; (T=120 C); g: maser bulb; (T=40 C); h: electric field plates; h: pickup coils; m: main solenoid; p: LORAN reference; q: frequency synthesizers; r: phase-sensitive current source; s: A/D converter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-theoretical-predictions-for-neutron-electron-edms-1jzbemar.png Table 3. Theoretical predictions for neutron, electron EDMs https://scispace.com/papers/the-process-of-democratic-breakdown-controlling-information-4h0vb8r0ml 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-theoretical-process-2fmq82m3.png Figure 2: Theoretical process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-matching-estimates-conditional-on-democracy-172v2xj5.png Figure 5: Matching Estimates Conditional on Democracy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-standardized-mean-difference-over-the-pre-treatment-3izypsy4.png Figure 6: Standardized Mean Difference over the Pre-Treatment Time Period of Four Years https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-change-of-average-topic-prevalence-over-time-1yts6eps.png Figure 8: The Change of Average Topic Prevalence over Time: Distracting Topics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-change-of-average-topic-prevalence-over-time-3kzaaiw1.png Figure 7: The change of average topic prevalence over time: Sensitive Topics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-stm-results-with-frex-words-in-english-3l1qt7sz.png Table 2: STM Results with FREX words (in English) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-a-treated-unit-and-its-matched-set-8v7cvo1q.png Figure 3: Example of a Treated Unit and its Matched Set https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-matching-estimates-of-the-effect-of-treatment-over-3c8m28xl.png Table 1: Matching Estimates of the Effect of Treatment over Time https://scispace.com/papers/the-process-of-using-a-forecasting-support-system-15n1qnetgb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-consistency-1jhkhw0y.png Table 4 Consistency https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fss-screen-for-eliciting-users-confidence-in-3dqqsbbc.png Figure 2 FSS screen for eliciting user’s confidence in forecast https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-fit-ratio-2yh25v2g.png Table 1 Mean fit ratio https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-fit-ratio-over-methods-seen-84ts9lu8.png Table 2 Mean fit ratio (over methods seen) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-number-of-methods-tried-per-series-2l0ejbkc.png Table 3 Mean number of methods tried per series https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-predicting-an-individuals-strategy-from-early-ui6vrh2k.png Table 5 Predicting an individual’s strategy from early forecasting behaviour https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-characteristic-of-the-three-groups-of-forecasters-js7zbwg0.png Table 6 Characteristic of the three groups of forecasters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-typical-screen-shot-from-the-fss-1nvu3ao0.png Figure 1 A typical screen shot from the FSS https://scispace.com/papers/the-processing-of-dialectal-variants-further-insight-from-dzm5i2mk1l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3b-summary-of-the-most-complex-mixed-effects-model-for-1oin5epk.png Table 3b: Summary of the most complex mixed effects model for Experiment 2 after releveling. The intercept represents prime non-words in the control condition. https://scispace.com/papers/the-product-life-cycle-and-sample-representativity-bias-in-4oxckrj4q4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-life-cycle-pricing-functions-for-beer-3v7mv1cy.png Figure 1: Life Cycle Pricing Functions for Beer https://scispace.com/papers/the-production-of-information-in-an-online-world-is-copy-ew5szq3r3r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-article-level-analysis-number-of-facebook-shares-of-1sfcqohh.png TABLE 7 Article-level analysis: number of Facebook shares, of Tweets, and of article views (log-linear estimation), heterogeneity of the effects depending on whether the media outlet is copied https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-articles-classified-in-events-ualpwj9y.png TABLE 1 Summary statistics: articles (classified in events) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-originality-rate-1apkkntj.png Figure 2 Originality rate https://scispace.com/papers/the-production-and-consumption-activities-relating-to-the-1h93hmjm5g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-influencing-factors-in-the-production-and-3aq3kfxt.png Figure 1: Influencing factors in the production and consumption of the celebrity artist https://scispace.com/papers/the-productivity-of-top-researchers-a-semi-nonparametric-xdsx13hr0n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pdf-of-research-productivity-in-finance-and-dentistry-t63w1yep.png Fig. 1 Pdf of research productivity in Finance and Dentistry https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pdf-of-research-productivity-in-finance-and-dentistry-1tnfe7xi.png Fig. 2 Pdf of research productivity in Finance and Dentistry https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-the-estimation-2xdpw7df.png Table 2 Results of the estimation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cdf-of-research-productivity-in-finance-and-dentistry-xegrozkj.png Fig. 3 Cdf of research productivity in Finance and Dentistry https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-11xyho9t.png Table 2 Results of the estimation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-16pslsvu.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-articles-observed-empirically-versus-those-tldhc3r8.png Table 3 Number of articles observed empirically versus those expected theoretically under the lognormal and log-SNP https://scispace.com/papers/the-productivity-effects-of-worker-replacement-in-young-3c88rakx2i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-summary-statistics-details-2jfide2a.png Table 7: Summary Statistics - Details https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-productivity-effects-of-worker-replacement-ols-3rm2yxbn.png Table 4: Productivity Effects of Worker Replacement - OLS results - Founder experience https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-managerial-experience-over-worker-13qu4frj.png Figure 1: Effect of managerial experience over worker replacement rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-main-variables-3n2wa9iw.png Table 1: Summary statistics - Main variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-derivation-of-measures-details-1dinkyzc.png Table 6: Derivation of Measures - Details https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-productivity-effects-of-worker-replacement-ols-2r75t8tt.png Table 5: Productivity Effects of Worker Replacement - OLS results - Firm age https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-productivity-effects-of-log-worker-replacement-main-3svpx7mm.png Table 10: Productivity Effects of Log Worker Replacement - Main Results - Worker replacement > 0 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-productivity-effects-of-worker-replacement-main-r3m5hj1p.png Table 9: Productivity Effects of Worker Replacement - Main Results - Full Sample https://scispace.com/papers/the-professional-role-of-skilled-birth-attendants-in-nepal-a-233rr4kds7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-description-of-the-data-analysis-process-3o335skn.png Table 2. A description of the data analysis process https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-description-categories-and-conceptions-of-the-sbas-2phnk7di.png Table 3. Description categories and conceptions of the SBAs in Nepal https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-socio-demographic-and-clinical-profile-of-the-sbas-n-1hhvs4qt.png Table 1. Socio-demographic and clinical profile of the SBAs (N= 15) https://scispace.com/papers/the-professionalisation-of-non-denominational-religious-4s8c9bek02 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-constituent-elements-of-professional-knowledge-in-re-1vze8g4i.png Table 2. Constituent elements of professional knowledge in RE https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-conceptual-framework-for-the-professionalisation-of-17ar0yf8.png Table 1: Conceptual framework for the professionalisation of RE https://scispace.com/papers/the-promise-of-disease-gene-discovery-in-south-asia-3gy88g0sfn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-south-asian-groups-with-estimated-census-sizes-over-33yni1vb.png Table 1. South Asian groups with estimated census sizes over 1 million and IBD scores significantly greater than 337 those of Ashkenazi Jews and Finns. Fourteen South Asian groups with IBD scores significantly higher than that of Finns, 338 census sizes over 1 million, and sample sizes of at least 3 that are of particularly high interest for founder event disease 339 gene mapping studies. For reference, Finns and Ashkenazi Jews (on the Human Origins array) would have IBD scores of 340 1.0 and 0.9, IBD ranks of 121 and 135, and FST ranks of 109 and 129, respectively (the group-specific drift is difficult to 341 compare for groups with significantly different histories, so they were not calculated for Finns or Ashkenazi Jews). 342 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dataset-overview-a-sampling-locations-for-all-2mvzxrd0.png Figure 1. Dataset overview. (a) Sampling locations for all analyzed groups. Each 346 point indicates a distinct group (random jitter was added to help in visualization at 347 locations where there are many groups). (b) PCA of Human Origins dataset along 348 with European Americans (CEU) and Han Chinese (CHB). There is a large cluster 349 (blue) of IndoEuropean and Dravidian speaking groups that stretch out along a line 350 in the plot and that are well-modeled as a mixture of two highly divergent ancestral 351 populations (the “Indian Cline”). There is another larger cluster of Austroasiatic 352 speakers (light red) and groups that cluster with them genetically (dark red). 353 Finally, there are groups with genetic affinity to East Asians that include Tibeto-354 Burman speakers (orange) and those that speak other languages (yellow). 355 https://scispace.com/papers/the-propagation-of-everyday-prosociality-in-the-workplace-56dodupc1h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-weekly-outcomes-by-giver-proximity-over-the-2kb3vtkj.png Figure 6.  Weekly outcomes by giver proximity over the intervention period (4 weeks). higher numbers indicate that the participant was more socially proximate to givers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-size-by-condition-and-time-point-153n8ydi.png Table 1. sample size by condition and time point. https://scispace.com/papers/the-properties-of-glass-fibres-after-conditioning-at-1ibum1o0g4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cumulative-failure-probability-for-aps-sized-single-3l8ckcup.png Figure 8 Cumulative failure probability for APS sized single fibres after thermal conditioning (23°C, 250°C, 300°C, × 380°C, + 450°C, ▲600°C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cumulative-failure-probability-for-water-sized-2j9d65bq.png Figure 7 Cumulative failure probability for water sized single fibres after thermal conditioning (23°C, 250°C, 300°C, × 380°C, + 450°C, ▲600°C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-change-of-glass-fibre-modulus-with-age-water-sized-3q6s6a0j.png Figure 10 Change of glass fibre modulus with age (▲water sized, APS sized). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-influence-of-heat-treatment-temperature-on-room-3252y2b5.png Figure 9 Influence of heat treatment temperature on room temperature glass fibre relative modulus. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fibre-diameter-analysis-10xilcod.png Table 1: Fibre diameter analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effect-of-chemical-treatments-on-the-strength-of-2x33xuls.png Table 2: The effect of chemical treatments on the strength of 450°C conditioned glass fibre https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-effect-of-chemical-treatments-on-the-strength-of-183po348.png Table 3: The effect of chemical treatments on the strength of unsized glass fibres https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-fibre-suspension-rig-and-rig-5uir5e85.png Figure 1 Illustration of fibre suspension rig and rig positioned in furnace https://scispace.com/papers/the-promotion-of-domestic-grid-connected-photovoltaic-1cmh27v9lw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-participants-ratings-of-the-characteristics-of-32srh7ej.png Table 3 Participants’ ratings of the characteristics of photovoltaic panels https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-participants-ratings-of-the-attractiveness-and-39i47ild.png Table 4 Participants’ ratings of the attractiveness and design of building-integrated and non-integrated panels https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-participants-preferred-capital-purchase-price-for-a-2axnck1k.png Table 2 Participants’ preferred capital purchase price for a set of six panels https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequency-of-response-of-participants-likelihood-of-21gghov3.png Table 1 Frequency of response of participants’ likelihood of purchasing a photovoltaic system https://scispace.com/papers/the-properties-and-removal-efficacies-of-natural-organic-224zkx096s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-validated-fluorescent-components-derived-from-the-d3n34ad0.png Fig. 4. Validated fluorescent components derived from the Parafac model on drinking water sources showing (a) component 1 (C1), (b) component 2 (C2), (c) component 3 (C3), and (d) component 4 (C4), and (e) the Fmax distribution of each component. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-synchronous-scan-of-raw-water-sources-b-relative-1rtc8p4g.png Fig. 3. (a) Synchronous scan of raw water sources, (b) relative abundance of NOM fractions in the raw water samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-identities-of-similar-components-using-the-openfluor-32hef7r5.png Table 1 Identities of similar components using the OpenFluor database. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dissolved-organic-carbon-and-spectrophotometric-9zkm1ldk.png Table 2 Dissolved organic carbon and spectrophotometric parameters for raw water sources (n=3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-variation-of-uv254-reduction-as-a-function-of-a-2ti6uak5.png Fig. 5. The variation of UV254 reduction as a function of (a) HIX, (b) β:α, (c) FI, and (d) SUVA for the raw water samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-correlations-between-the-removal-fdom-and-the-removal-ovcp6b52.png Fig. 7. Correlations between the removal FDOM and the removal of NOM in three treatment stages (a) coagulation, (b) slow sand filtration, and (c) disinfection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-location-of-selected-wtps-in-south-africa-185uqc17.png Fig. 1. The location of selected WTPs in South Africa. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-doc-removal-using-different-methods-3iae6etr.png Table 3 Comparison of DOC removal using different methods. https://scispace.com/papers/the-proportion-of-deaths-cases-in-confirmed-patients-of-ulmxde0v7n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-proportion-of-fatal-cases-after-covid-19-27wnf4od.png Figure 1. The proportion of fatal cases after COVID-19 infection since outbreak. The proportion is shown on a log scale. The global trend (black line) indicates an increasing trend (significant trend in red) with little reduction in daily new cases. Temporal tracks of individual countries are indicated by different colours as indicated in the legend. https://scispace.com/papers/the-properties-of-nerve-cell-precursors-in-hydra-39h886ix8q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-increase-in-nerve-cell-differentiation-as-a-function-38vzpu35.png FIG. 8. Increase in nerve cell differentiation as a function of duration of head activator treatment. Hydra were treated with methanol extract containing 10-i’ M head activator for the times shown. After treatment explants were prepared, incubated for 18 hr in hydra medium, macerated, and scored for nerve cells (NV) and epithelial cells (Epi). The points are the averages (*SD) of three experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-increase-in-ratio-of-nv-epi-in-whole-hydra-which-were-25spsafa.png FIG. 1. Increase in ratio of Nv/Epi in whole hydra which were injured and then treated with methanol extract containing lo-l3 44 head activator. At the times indicated pieces were macerated and scored for nerve cells (NV) and epithelial cells (Epi). Different symbols represent independent experiments. Treated hydra (0, A); untreated (but injured) control hydra (0, A). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-appearance-of-newly-differentiated-nerve-cells-as-a-2xmxb42c.png FIG. 3. Appearance of newly differentiated nerve cells as a function of the period of methanol extract treatment. Hydra were treated for 8 or 20 hr (bars) with methanol extract containing 10-r’ M head activator. At 0 hr explants were prepared (arrow) and incubated in hydra medium. At the times shown, samples were macerated and scored for nerve cells (NV) and epithelial cells (Epi). (A) untreted control aninals, (B) 8-hr methanol extract treatment, (C) Whr methanol extract treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-two-classes-of-interstitial-cells-a-two-large-3114ifcd.png FIG. 6. Two classes of interstitial cells, (A) two large interstitial cells and (B) two small interstitial cells (nerve cell precursors), and (C) differentiated nerve cell from the gastric region. All micrographs are from macerated cell preparations. Phase contrast, X1660. https://scispace.com/papers/the-proposed-accelerator-facility-for-light-ion-cancer-5bihsw52gw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-beam-envelopes-for-gantry-angles-between-0-and-90-w50kk36z.png Fig. 4: Beam envelopes for gantry angles between 0 and 90 degree (εh / εh =0.5/5.0 π mm mrad) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-long-term-position-variations-vr9qmbhe.png Fig. 5 Long-term position variations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-layout-of-the-accelerator-sections-2a5005x3.png Fig. 2 Layout of the accelerator sections https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-shows-the-cross-section-of-ground-floor-of-the-214f4656.png Fig. 1 shows the cross section of ground floor of the building (about 70*60 m2), which gives an impression of the accelerator-sections, the position of the patients preparation areas, local control rooms and various laboratories. Additional space for housing the power supplies and further technical infrastructure is available at another floor of this building. The following description mainly concentrates on a technical discussion of the various accelerator sections and their individual features. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rasterscan-method-3l3w487c.png Fig. 1 shows the cross section of ground floor of the building (about 70*60 m2), which gives an impression of the accelerator-sections, the position of the patients preparation areas, local control rooms and various laboratories. Additional space for housing the power supplies and further technical infrastructure is available at another floor of this building. The following description mainly concentrates on a technical discussion of the various accelerator sections and their individual features. https://scispace.com/papers/the-prospect-of-a-perfect-ending-loss-aversion-and-the-round-3dtd810dm2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-total-number-of-buys-number-of-sell-trades-buy-1y2czeap.png Figure 4. The total number of buys/number of sell trades (Buy-Sell Ratio) for the final two digit price points for long and short positions that were associated with positions in either profit or in loss. Figure based on 7,571,611 trades. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-we-compare-increasingly-complex-nested-models-nrmd49m2.png Table 3 We compare increasingly complex nested models predicting participants choices, with each fixed effect parameter added sequentially to the last model. Loglikelihood ratio (LLR) tests indicate the significance of the main effects of each fixed effect parameter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-indicate-that-for-long-positions-in-profit-there-are-1kqoz8an.png Table 6 indicate that for long positions in profit, there are significantly more sells than buys on price-points ending in five (z = 21.74, p < .001) and ending in zero (z = 18.01, p < .001). This imbalance on round numbers is consistent with Hypothesis 4. For long positions in loss there were, again, significantly more sells than buys on price-points ending in five (z = 20.8, p < .001) and those ending in zero (z = 67.08, p < .001). Interestingly, this buy-sell imbalance towards over-selling long positions in loss was greater on prices ending in zero than ending in five (z = 31.59, p < .001). Most importantly, and consistent with Hypothesis 5, the buy-sell imbalance on round numbers in long positions was greater in loss than for gains in both price-points ending in zero (z = 40.52, p < .001) and five (z = 2.70, p = .007). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-effect-of-congruency-between-the-change-in-left-1d5kzd5e.png Figure 3. The effect of congruency between the change in left digits and the percentage change in value on the error rate (proportion of selections of the worst performing investment) for gaining and losing investments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-details-of-the-twelve-gain-loss-binary-choices-14oximw9.png Table 2 Details of the twelve gain/loss binary choices (assets A vs. B) offered to participants and the percentage of participants who chose assets A and B. For each choice we show the ‘value choice’, based on the percentage change in value of the asset, and the ‘heuristic choice’, based on the LDE. The final column indicates choices in which the biased and value-based choices are congruent/incongruent with each other https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-an-example-of-an-incongruent-condition-whereby-an-108cbvu7.png Table 1 An example of an ‘incongruent condition’: whereby an asset (A) that gained in value (June to October) by the greatest percentage (A (31%) vs. B (28%)), increased by the least number of left digits (A, by 2 digits (29%) left of the comma separator, 7 to 9 cf. B, by 3 digits, (43%) left of the comma separator, 7 to 10). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-illustration-of-the-integration-of-analog-11lgxo8c.png Figure 1. An illustration of the integration of analog heuristic processing with prospect theory to model the LDE bias when comparing two changes in value (A and B). The parameter k determines the extent that changes in left digits are incorporated into the perception of changes in value. Parameter v is prospect theory's value function applied to this heuristic signal to produce an analog value function. Choice probabilities are a function (F) of a comparison of the analog value functions for each alternative. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-shows-the-mean-and-95-confidence-interval-error-2pq3609y.png Figure 5. shows the mean (and 95% confidence interval error bars) of each trader's buys-sell ratios at final digit price points for long and short positions that were either (A) in profit or (B) in loss. https://scispace.com/papers/the-pros-and-cons-of-sick-pay-schemes-testing-for-contagious-5a9r5s90o4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-event-study-effect-of-sick-pay-mandates-in-33o1f4da.png Figure 1 Event Study—Effect of Sick Pay Mandates in https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-changes-in-sick-pay-on-normalized-cases-of-32r172hx.png Table 3 Effect of Changes in Sick Pay on Normalized Cases of Sick Leave by Disease Groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-introduction-of-sick-pay-mandates-on-gyec3xem.png Table 1 Effect of Introduction of Sick Pay Mandates on Influenza Rate (Sample I: U.S. Cities 2003-2015) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-introduction-of-sick-pay-mandates-on-qf46jidj.png Table 2 Effect of Introduction of Sick Pay Mandates on Influenza Rate (Sample II: U.S. States 2003-2015) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-development-of-sick-leave-rates-by-treatment-groups-1yz6pfra.png Figure 4 Development of Sick Leave Rates by Treatment Groups Over Time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-a-sick-leave-cases-and-b-logarithm-37kfe6qs.png Figure 3 Distribution of (a) Sick Leave Cases and (b) Logarithm of Sick Leave Cases per 100 Employees https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graphical-representation-and-classification-of-2pelezj4.png Figure 2 Graphical Representation and Classification of Shares of Employees Working and on Sick Leave https://scispace.com/papers/the-prospects-practices-and-prescriptions-for-the-pursuit-of-37bcd8btkh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-1-model-of-psychological-mediators-and-moderators-ajk1u96n.png Figure 11.1 Model of psychological mediators and moderators underlying the efficacy of positive activity interventions (Reprinted from “How Do Simple Positive Activities Increase Well-Being?” by S. Lyubomirsky and K. Layous (2013), Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22, p. 58. Regarding “Activity Features,” items under “Across” concern all potential positive activities, and items under “Between” differentiate positive activities from one another.) https://scispace.com/papers/the-prospect-of-anatomy-as-a-career-choice-among-clinical-4p3jkfvv7s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gender-and-perception-of-medical-students-about-63uon9vg.png Table 2: Gender and perception of medical students about anatomy https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-infl-uence-of-performance-in-anatomy-on-choice-of-1k7b9pc0.png Table 3: Infl uence of performance in anatomy on choice of anatomy as a career option https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-medical-students-perception-of-anatomy-1itojgti.png Table 1: Clinical medical students’ perception of anatomy https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-more-commonly-employed-methods-for-learning-anatomy-1889zbw5.png Table 4: More commonly employed methods for learning anatomy https://scispace.com/papers/the-proteome-of-medicago-truncatula-in-response-to-ammonium-je7lvyzd97 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-effect-of-the-different-n-sources-on-lignin-content-3rafccq3.png FIGURE 8. Effect of the different N sources on lignin content in M. truncatula roots. (A) Representative images of lignin staining with Safranin O in M. truncatula roots grown on 1 mM nitrate, ammonium, and urea under axenic conditions. (B) Quantification of lignin content from the images using ImageJ software. The values are the reciprocal intensity calculated by subtracting the mean ± S.E. (n = 4-5) from 250. Different letters denote statistically significant differences at α = 0.05 using the StudentNewman-Keuls test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-classification-of-the-61-differentially-accumulated-3m24a39e.png FIGURE 4. Classification of the 61 differentially accumulated proteins according to biological process, cellular component and molecular function on the basis of GO Slim. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-heatmap-representing-the-up-and-down-accumulation-noiz4j2i.png FIGURE 3. Heatmap representing the up- and down-accumulation of the 61 differentially identified proteins in M. truncatula roots when comparing ammonium vs. nitrate, and urea vs. nitrate nutrition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-phenylpropanoid-biosynthesis-pathway-of-m-2pqx7eup.png FIGURE 6. The phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway of M. truncatula roots showing the accumulation followed by the eight affected proteins when comparing ammonium to nitrate nutrition. The up- and down-accumulation of proteins is depicted by respective red and green shading of the name backgrounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-histogram-representing-the-up-and-down-accumulation-2nxwzd6n.png FIGURE 2. Histogram representing the up- and down-accumulation of the 61 differentially identified proteins in M. truncatula roots when comparing ammonium vs. nitrate, and urea vs. nitrate nutrition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-differentially-identified-proteins-implied-in-the-33denhj8.png Table 2. Differentially identified proteins implied in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. The protein name, the accession and the identification from UniProt is provided. UniProt ID is depicted in red for up-accumulated proteins and in green for down-accumulated proteins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effect-of-n-sources-on-the-guaiacol-a-and-ferulic-2c733zqp.png FIGURE 7. Effect of N sources on the guaiacol (A) and ferulic acid (B) peroxidase activity of M. truncatula seedlings grown for 15 days under 1 mM nitrate, ammonium or urea in axenic conditions. The bars show the mean ± S.E. (n = 10-15). Different letters denote statistically significant differences at α = 0.05 using the Student– Newman–Keul test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-n-sources-on-root-length-of-m-truncatula-7zwhbo4k.png FIGURE 1. Effect of N sources on root length of M. truncatula seedlings grown for 15 days under 1 mM nitrate, ammonium or urea in axenic conditions. The bars show the mean ± S.E. (n = 10-15). Different letters denote statistically significant differences at α = 0.05 using the Student–Newman–Keul test. https://scispace.com/papers/the-pse-3d-instability-analysis-methodology-for-flows-5aj6426v4o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-contours-0-9-0-1-0-5-of-axial-velocity-amplitude-grnjgaf6.png Figure 8. Contours (-0.9:0.1:0.5) of axial velocity amplitude function real part of the most unstable mode for the selected parameters for the realistic vortex flow (dashed lines represent negatives values). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-convergence-curves-of-real-left-and-imaginary-right-2cw5810l.png Figure 1. Convergence curves of real (left) and imaginary (right) parts of the most unstable mode of PPF at Re = 10000, α = 1 and β = 0 for different spatial schemes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-unstable-modes-of-the-q-vortex-flow-at-re-1200-q-0-24m7xa0x.png Figure 4. Unstable modes of the q-Vortex flow at Re = 1200, q = 0.8 obtained by temporal BiGlobal analysis. Symbols indicate number of lobes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-eigenspectrum-of-the-q-vortex-at-re-1200-q-0-8-1xqjfwyo.png Figure 3. (left) Eigenspectrum of the q-Vortex at Re = 1200, q = 0.8 and ω = −2.0. Arrow points at the most unstable modes of this family that corresponds to a eight lobes (m = 8) eigenmode plotted (right) with contours (-0.9:0.1:0.9) of normalized real part of axial velocity amplitude function (dashed lines correspond to negative values). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-temporal-biglobal-instability-analysis-of-the-q-3au8zeny.png Table 2. Temporal BiGlobal instability analysis of the q-vortex flow at q = 0.475, Re = 100 and β = 0.418. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-classification-of-linear-stability-theory-concepts-3u2cs9rr.png Table 1. Classification of linear stability theory concepts for analysis of a steady state q̄. The asterisk denotes a slowly-varying spatial direction. The dagger symbol denotes potential extension to include nonlinear mode interaction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-evolution-of-the-wavenumber-left-and-growth-rate-cr5p7g46.png Figure 9. Evolution of the wavenumber (left) and growth rate (right) of the counter-rotating realistic vortexpair flow for the mode shown in Figure 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-upper-basic-flow-axial-velocity-and-lower-iso-uhgjcgn1.png Figure 10. Upper: Basic flow axial velocity and Lower: iso-surfaces (u/|u0| = 100 and u/u0| = −100) of axial velocity amplitude function in the range x ∈ [300, 370] https://scispace.com/papers/the-psychometric-properties-of-a-brief-version-of-the-4ydhxb2rox 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-construct-validity-predictions-and-aeimears.png Table 3 Summary of construct validity predictions and results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-tested-factor-model-with-completely-133j4d60.png Figure 1. The tested factor model with completely standardized parameter estimates. All coefficients shown have p < .001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-invariance-testing-across-genders-d5epbvgs.png Table 2 Invariance testing across genders https://scispace.com/papers/the-psychology-of-talent-management-a-review-and-research-30cft1oimy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-suggested-research-designs-for-the-further-study-of-1qctf38t.png Table 4. Suggested Research Designs for the Further Study of Talent Management https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definitions-of-talent-management-found-in-the-hrm-thxeh0j2.png Table 1. Definitions of Talent Management Found in the HRM Literature https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-tensions-in-the-literature-about-talent-3soc6yov.png Table 3. Tensions in the Literature about Talent https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-relevant-theoretical-perspectives-on-r73wip8t.png Table 2. Summary of Relevant Theoretical Perspectives on Talent https://scispace.com/papers/the-psychosocial-burden-of-alopecia-areata-and-androgenetica-4xomgin96c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-between-hair-diseases-group-and-controls-2eo01y2x.png Table 1 Comparison between hair diseases group and controls https://scispace.com/figures/figures-3-a-median-scores-for-health-related-quality-of-life-2bkgz9gb.png Figures 3 (a) Median scores for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as assessed by the (EQ-5D) in male vs. female patients (P = 0.001). (b) HRQoL as assessed by the EQ-5D in different age groups (P < 0.001). (c) HRQoL in general health (EQ-5D) in control – AA-AGA patients (P = 0.003).(d) HRQoL with visual analogue score (EQ VAS) in control – AA-AGA patients (P < 0.001). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-score-of-anxiety-and-depression-hads-in-control-aa-2p9g7ir5.png Figure 2 Score of anxiety and depression (HADS) in control – AA–AGA patients (Anxiety P < 0.001; depression P = 0.02). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-median-scores-of-quality-of-life-as-assessed-with-1bgc253t.png Figure 1 Median scores of quality of life as assessed with the Dermatology Life Quality Index in alopecia areata (AA) and androgenetic alopecia (AGA; P = 0.022). https://scispace.com/papers/the-public-impact-of-impacts-how-the-media-play-in-the-mass-22bpm5fb1m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-newspaper-coverage-by-decade-as-shown-by-search-1-2itghp8d.png TABLE 3. NEWSPAPER COVERAGE BY DECADE AS SHOWN BY SEARCH 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-cartoon-in-the-guardian-newspaper-explaining-the-2g8kxahp.png Figure 9. Cartoon in the Guardian newspaper explaining the reason for the extensive coverage of the collision of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 (SL9) with Jupiter. Reproduced by kind permission of Nick Newman and Ben Woolley. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-numbers-of-newspaper-articles-in-nexis-uk-major-oaot73ov.png Figure 6. Numbers of newspaper articles in Nexis UK Major World Newspapers database from searches 1 and 2 (given in text). Numbers prior to 1982 are weighted by 1.25, between 1982 and 1986 by 1.11, and between 1986 and 1990 by 1.05, to allow for the number of publishing newspapers in the sample. Also shown is the overlap between the two searches and the percentage cooption, N coop , defi ned in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summary-of-the-1980-science-article-by-alvarez-18226bjz.png Figure 1. Summary of the 1980 Science article by Alvarez, Alvarez, Asaro, and Michel. The section shaded in blue is mainly geology, the section shaded in red is mainly astronomy, and the section shaded in green is mainly paleontology/geology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hubble-space-telescope-image-of-jupiter-immediately-3tnl8k85.png Figure 4. Hubble space telescope image of Jupiter immediately after Impact Week, with the impact sites denoted by letters. Credit: NASA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-impact-site-of-fragment-g-transposed-onto-an-386b7fy1.png Figure 5. The impact site of Fragment G transposed onto an image of Earth and centered on Washington DC. Credit: NASA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-coverage-of-impact-theories-of-the-demise-of-the-1gup6dl4.png Figure 8. Coverage of impact theories of the demise of the dinosaurs in the New York Times (USA), the Washington Post (USA), the Guardian (UK) and the Globe and Mirror (Canada). For each year, the numbers giving coverage judged to be in favor of the impact theory (green), against (red), and balanced (orange) are shown, together with the percentage of articles against the impact theory (%Anti, blue and red diagonal stripe, obtained by dividing the number of “anti” articles by the total number published that year [pro, anti, and balanced], expressed as a percentage). The total number (SUM, blue) for each year is also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-numbers-of-newspaper-articles-in-nexis-uk-major-1jmgeai3.png Figure 7. Numbers of newspaper articles in Nexis UK Major World Newspapers database from search 3 (given in text). Numbers prior to 1982 are weighted as Figure 8. Also shown is the overlap between the two searches and the percentage cooption, N coop . The fi gure also shows “signifi cant co-option,” defi ned in the text. (Note that this has been scaled by 50, so as to be easily seen on this fi gure.) https://scispace.com/papers/the-public-private-partnership-and-rural-development-in-21jtnwvgve 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-home-economics-extension-unit-classes-persons-nt-3bvpl36c.png Table 5 Home Economics Extension Unit: classes, persons, NT thousand, cases https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-social-services-in-rural-areas-unit-classes-persons-lnv8rd32.png Table 2 Social Services in Rural Areas Unit: classes, persons, NT thousand, cases https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-farm-extension-services-unit-classes-persons-nt-31eoeway.png Table 3 Farm Extension Services Unit: classes, persons, NT thousand, cases https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-similarities-and-differences-of-agricultural-3frkh5eg.png Table 1. Similarities and Differences of Agricultural Cooperative Organizations in East Asia https://scispace.com/papers/the-public-option-a-nonregulatory-alternative-to-network-3jkm0hwrx1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-two-isps-model-1dtv87zb.png Figure 6: A two-ISPs model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-contention-at-the-last-mile-bottleneck-link-3hh7i481.png Figure 1: Contention at the last-mile bottleneck link. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-per-capita-surplus-ps-and-ph-under-k-1-jtc22yyn.png Figure 4: Per capita surplus Ψ and Φ under κ = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-per-capita-surplus-ps-and-ph-under-various-3udj2xch.png Figure 5: Per capita surplus Ψ and Φ under various strategies sI = (κ, c) versus per capita capacity ν. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-per-capita-surplus-ps-ph-and-market-share-mi-under-idirsa5i.png Figure 8: Per capita surplus Ψ, Φ and market share mI under various strategies sI = (κ, c) vs. per capita capacity ν. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-throughput-under-max-min-fair-mechanism-17rc5e1f.png Figure 3: Throughput under max-min fair mechanism. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-demand-function-di-oi-3l14d7h5.png Figure 2: Demand function di(ωi). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-isp-i-s-market-share-mi-and-per-capita-surplus-psi-6u4puouq.png Figure 7: ISP I ’s market share mI and per capita surplus ΨI and per capita consumer surplus Φ under κ = 1. https://scispace.com/papers/the-pulsation-of-delta-scuti-stars-29jris7if5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-10-evolution-tracks-in-a-periodtemperature-diagram-31kukvjy.png Figure 5.10. Evolution tracks in a periodtemperature diagram, for the first and second harmonics. Asterisks with 10 pOints correspond to models; those with 5 points to real stars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-kwhmp-zams-and-tracks-compared-to-vandenberg-s-2pimi0kp.png Figure 4.4. KWHMP ZAMS and tracks compared to VandenBerg's models (Vandenberg 1985), which are indicated by asterisks. The lines joining models of the same mass are merely for clarity; they do not represent evolution tracks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-71-the-second-segments-of-the-light-velocity-and-3hvj9e8p.png Figure 6.71. The second segments of the light, velocity and radius variation curves of a 2 hour run of the model m20eI2_stm02, along with the periodogram of the second segment of the light curve, and the decrease in maximum kinetic energy with period number over the whole run. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-39-the-sequence-of-periodograms-1-hour-run-for-the-1pbm0nmt.png Figure 6.39. The sequence of periodograms, 1 hour run, for the model m20e12 stmOl. one per https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-98-the-pressure-volume-variation-over-several-2lla1tb3.png Figure 6.98. The pressure-volume variation over several periods for certain zones of the model m20e12 stm04. In zones 42 to 46, the loops are anticlockwise, indicating driving. Tho loops in zones 39 to 41 run clockwise, indicating damping. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-130-the-second-segments-of-the-light-velocity-and-g2zn1mtp.png Figure 6.130. The second segments of the light, velocity and radius variation curves of a 2 hour run of the helium-depleted model m16e03 hedOl, along with the periodogram of the second segment of the light curve, and the decrease in maximum kinetic energy with period number for the whole run. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-69-the-second-segments-of-the-light-velocity-and-1b93rtgn.png Figure 6.69. The second segments of the light, velocity and radius variation curves of a 2 hour run of the model m20elO stm03, along with the periodogram of the second segment of the light curve, and the decrease in maximum kinetic energy with period number over the whole run. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-91-work-done-per-zone-for-a-sequence-of-periods-for-gqt71r8w.png Figure 6.91. Work done per zone for a sequence of periods for the stm02 models m16e03, m18e03, m20e12 and m24e13. https://scispace.com/papers/the-puzzling-evolution-of-the-home-bias-information-3kf9csblvq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-ic24lgeh.png Table 1: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-continued-1jbvptkf.png Table 2: Summary Statistics (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-lane-and-milesi-ferretti-international-financial-jyfdd80x.png Figure 8: Lane and Milesi-Ferretti International Financial Integration Measure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-chinn-and-ito-capital-openness-index-1fzokv81.png Figure 7: Chinn and Ito Capital Openness Index https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-robustness-check-estimation-output-3mcuqqq2.png Table 5: Robustness Check Estimation Output https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optimal-attention-allocation-3w3x56cy.png Figure 2: Optimal Attention Allocation https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-first-order-autocorrelation-of-u-s-stock-market-v84onepm.png Table 8: First Order Autocorrelation of U.S. Stock Market Indices https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-home-bias-and-share-of-domestic-equities-in-us-16pblztc.png Figure 5: Home Bias and Share of Domestic Equities in US Portfolio https://scispace.com/papers/the-quality-of-attractions-and-the-satisfaction-benefits-and-3c4b7jx70n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-model-of-relations-between-quality-satisfaction-3voyq04a.png Fig. 2. Model of relations between quality, satisfaction, benefits and behavioural intentions (s o u r c e: author) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hypothetical-model-of-relations-between-variables-s-o-2s7vy0lx.png Fig. 1. Hypothetical model of relations between variables (s o u r c e: author) https://scispace.com/papers/the-quality-of-neuer-markt-quarterly-reports-an-empirical-o76kravxey 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-statistics-of-all-1rmumcgx.png Table 6: Statistics of ALL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-correlation-between-index-all-00-and-the-research-3mvr5kqg.png Figure 11: Correlation between Index ALL 00 and the research period 2000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-correlation-between-index-all-99-and-the-research-212es2v8.png Figure 10: Correlation between Index ALL 99 and the research period 1999: https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-accounting-standards-used-and-usage-of-6fwpf8ce.png Table 1: Accounting standards used and usage of reconciliation https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-all-ias-and-all-us-rlm9p7ns.png Table 7: ALL IAS and ALL US https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-influence-of-full-format-versus-reconciliation-2tgcqm1u.png Table 8: Influence of full format versus reconciliation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-influence-of-days-delay-for-1999-and-2000-1ig7pat5.png Figure 7: Influence of days delay for 1999 and 2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-influence-of-full-or-condensed-formats-34j853g8.png Table 9: Influence of full or condensed formats https://scispace.com/papers/the-quantum-instanton-qi-model-for-chemical-reaction-rates-oxyl9p1h4c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-sketch-of-a-general-one-dimensional-potential-3lvoyfo9.png Figure 1. A sketch of a general one-dimensional potential barrier indicating the two (imaginary time) trajectories that contribute to the semiclassical approximation to the Boltzmann matrix element in eq 2.3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-arrhenius-plot-of-the-rate-constant-given-by-the-254d0up5.png Figure 3. (a) Arrhenius plot of the rate constant given by the SQI1 model for the asymmetric Eckart potential of eq 4.2. The solid curve is the exact result, and the dotted curve is the SQI1 result. (b) Ratio of the SQI1 rate constant to the exact quantum value for the asymmetric Eckart potential. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-arrhenius-plot-of-the-rate-constant-given-by-the-1zfo59yh.png Figure 2. (a) Arrhenius plot of the rate constant given by the SQI1 model for the symmetric Eckart potential of eq 4.1. The solid curve is the exact result, and the dotted curve is the SQI1 result. (b) Ratio of the SQI1 rate constant to the exact quantum value for the symmetric Eckart potential. https://scispace.com/papers/the-quasi-universality-of-nestedness-in-the-structure-of-53stsghkee 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analysis-of-nestnedness-of-plant-parasite-rgu5sm2f.png Table 2: Analysis of nestnedness of plant-parasite interaction matrices with the WINE method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-analysis-of-modularity-of-plant-parasite-interaction-qufe12o5.png Table 3. Analysis of modularity of plant-parasite interaction matrices with the spinglass method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-datasets-used-to-analyze-the-structure-of-3gntufad.png Table 1: Datasets used to analyze the structure of quantitative plant-parasite interaction matrices. AUDPC : Area under the disease progress curve. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-the-32-analyzed-plant-parasite-matrices-3h9nzwwa.png Figure 2. Overview of the 32 analyzed plant-parasite matrices (Table 1). Different plant accessions and parasite strains correspond to different columns and rows, respectively. White to black shades in each cell correspond to an increasing gradient of pathogenicity or infectivity (corresponding to 0 to 9 values in the analysed matrices) for a given plant and parasite pair. Rows and columns were ordered by increasing marginal totals, revealing the nested patterns. Colored numbers (red or green) correspond to significant nestedness (WINE algorithm) (Table 2). Green numbers correspond to significant modularity (spinglass algorithm), while numbers between parentheses correspond to significant modularity (spinglass algorithm) detected in reverse matrices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distributions-of-pearsons-coefficients-of-2alss7rv.png Figure 3. Distributions of Pearson’s coefficients of correlation (r) between parasites host range breadth and pathogenicity (left) or between plant resistance efficiency and scope (right) across the 32 analysed matrices for different thresholds separating hosts and non-hosts (or parasites included or not included in the resistance scope). Each threshold corresponds to a percentage of the maximal pathogenicity value in each matrix (only results obtained with thresholds corresponding to 30%, 50% and 70% of the maximal pathogenicity value are shown; results were similar for other thresholds). In blue and red: significantly negative or positive r values (p-value < 0.05). For some thresholds and some matrices, the coefficient of correlation could not be calculated because too few pathogenicity data remained. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-matrices-corresponding-to-different-mechanistic-3ecgbuag.png Figure 1. Matrices corresponding to different mechanistic, genetic and evolutionary models of qualitative or quantitative host-parasite interactions. In each case, host genotypes correspond to different columns and parasite genotypes to different rows) and black and white cells (or “1” and “0” grades) correspond to infection or lack of infection, respectively. A: Illustration of an imperfectly nested pattern. B: Illustration of a perfectly modular pattern (modules are delimitated with red lines). C and D: Gene-for-gene (GFG) models with partial or perfectly nested patterns. C: Case of two genes with two alleles in both hosts and parasites. Infection occurs only when no elicitor in the parasite is recognized by a product of the resistance alleles in the host. In the other situations, resistance is induced and there is no infection. D: Case of a single gene with five alleles in both hosts and parasites. Resistance alleles have various levels of specificity: in some plant accessions resistance can be induced by several parasite strains. E: Matching-allele model. Infection occurs only if the product of the pathogenicity allele is recognized by the product of the susceptibility allele in the host. F: Variation of D with higher specificity: resistance is induced by a specific product present in a single parasite genotype. This model was named "inverse matching-allele" model (Thrall et al. 2016) and has an anti-modular structural pattern. G: Additive QTL model with no plant-parasite QTL × QTL interaction. For each parasite strain i with pathogenicity level Pi and each plant accession j with resistance level Rj, infection score corresponds to Pi x (1-Rj). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-overview-of-the-four-plant-parasite-matrices-g2edg6is.png Figure 5. Overview of the four plant-parasite matrices showing significant modularity with the spinglass algorithm when matrices were transformed such that 0 values correspond to the maximal plant susceptibility and 9 values to the maximal plant resistance (but note that the matrices are represented such that 0 to 9 values correspond to a plant resistance to susceptibility gradient, as in the original matrices). Rows and columns were ordered by modules, delimited by red lines. See legend of Fig. 2 for the representation of matrices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-overview-of-the-six-plant-parasite-matrices-showing-1x3qkize.png Figure 4. Overview of the six plant-parasite matrices showing significant modularity with the spinglass algorithm (Table 3). Rows and columns were ordered by modules, delimited by red lines. See legend of Fig. 2 for the representation of matrices. https://scispace.com/papers/the-quark-anti-quark-potential-and-the-cusp-anomalous-3cmw5gfrqw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-btba-trick-the-same-partition-function-can-be-3fmmsss1.png Figure 2. The BTBA trick. The same partition function can be viewed in two ways (1.7). In the open string channel it is a trace over all states in the open string Hilbert space. In this case Euclidean time runs along the T arrow. Alternatively we can view it as the propagation of a closed string along the L arrow. The closed string has length T and propagates over a Euclidean time L. The two boundary conditions, now lead to two boundary states that create the closed strings that propagate along the closed string channel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-original-picture-white-circles-represent-rotation-1ua4ubns.png Figure 9. (a) Original picture. White circles represent rotation matrices, one is m and the other is m−1. Solid circles represent charge conjugations. (b) Unfolded picture. In the unfolding of the dotted indices there is a change of basis that produces the Σ’s. (c) Untangled picture . After using crossing we get two independent traces of the matrix m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-a-wilson-line-with-a-cusp-angle-ph-b-under-the-pvq9cg0t.png Figure 1. (a) A Wilson line with a cusp angle φ. (b) Under the plane to cylinder map the two half lines in (a) are mapped to a quark anti-quark pair sitting at two points on S3 at a relative angle of π − φ. The quark anti-quark lines are extended along the time direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-computation-of-the-reflection-phase-at-strong-2bxby3t0.png Figure 4. Computation of the reflection phase at strong coupling. We have a soliton at the boundary, which is at rest at σ = 0. There is also an image soliton coming from the right. Then the soliton with momentum p scatters through the soliton at rest and the one with momentum −p, leading to a certain time delay. From the time delay we can compute the derivative of the reflection phase with respect to the energy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-unfolding-of-r-p-into-s-p-p-there-is-a-non-trivial-1ksqsxv1.png Figure 3. Unfolding of R(p) into S(p,−p). There is a non-trivial map between dotted and checked indices. See appendix A for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-propagation-of-a-single-level-ii-impurity-across-ii1mtbqm.png Figure 6. Propagation of a single level II impurity across the defect. https://scispace.com/papers/the-quest-for-bandwidth-estimation-techniques-for-large-3331lbblmr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interference-between-packet-pairs-22hsqc7y.png Figure 1: Interference between packet pairs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-available-bandwidth-estimation-tools-113cbgqf.png Table 1: Available Bandwidth Estimation tools. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sensitivity-to-traffic-pathload-and-pathchirp-1h13puzr.png Figure 4: Sensitivity to traffic. Pathload and pathChirp become almost insensitive to bandwidth changes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-all-tools-interfering-together-2nyh1js6.png Figure 5: All tools interfering together. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interference-between-measurement-tools-existing-2rmperhi.png Figure 3: Interference between measurement tools. Existing techniques clearly underestimate the avail-bw. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-queuing-delay-of-a-chirp-from-14-1l9rl185.png Figure 2: Queuing delay of a chirp (from [14]). https://scispace.com/papers/the-question-of-communist-land-degradation-new-evidence-from-2ofypa1f3r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-summary-of-the-single-linear-regressions-for-the-3h2y5fd6.png Table 7. Summary of the single linear regressions for the entire data set and for the basins separated by area https://scispace.com/papers/the-quorum-sensing-systems-of-vibrio-campbellii-ds40m4-and-r3cuwk95uy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-for-quorum-sensing-regulation-in-v-campbellii-2xzjhvhl.png Figure 1: Model for quorum-sensing regulation in V. campbellii. The autoinducers CAI-1, HAI1, AI-2, are produced by autoinducer synthases CqsA, LuxM, and LuxS, respectively. At LCD, autoinducers are at low concentrations, resulting in the receptors acting as kinases. The three receptors phosphorylate LuxU (phosphorelay protein), which transfers the phosphate to LuxO. Phosphorylated LuxO activates qrr expression through Sigma-54. The Qrrs together with Hfq bind to the aphA and luxR mRNAs, and AphA is expressed and LuxR production is minimal. The combination of AphA and LuxR protein levels leads to LCD behaviors, such as type III secretion and biofilm formation. As autoinducers accumulate at HCD, the receptors bind autoinducers and in this state act as phosphatases. De-phosphorylated LuxO does not activate the qrr genes, thus leading to maximal LuxR and absence of AphA. This ultimately leads to HCD behaviors such as bioluminescence, proteolysis, and type VI secretion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ds40m4-homologs-of-established-bb120-quorum-sensing-3mhdh4p2.png Table 1. DS40M4 homologs of established BB120 quorum-sensing proteins. 698 699 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bb120-and-ds40m4-homologs-of-v-cholerae-quorum-2dbxqpr7.png Table 2. BB120 and DS40M4 homologs of V. cholerae quorum-sensing receptor proteins. 703 704 https://scispace.com/papers/the-quest-for-the-optimum-angular-tilt-of-terrestrial-solar-zbhezlw0vb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-comparison-of-the-normalised-angle-resolved-annual-1m3qvr86.png Fig. 3. A comparison of the normalised angle-resolved annual insolation levels for the investigated 149 cities Trondheim (T), Paris (P), Cairo (C) and Nairobi (N). 150 All latitude-tilted panels (a) exhibit the same angle-resolved annual insolation profile (ANRANIP) from 151 year-to-year, despite being subject to different environments (see inset). In contrast, if panels are tilted 152 to maximise annual yield (b), the ANRANIP becomes site-dependent and exhibits two maxima. The 153 inset shows that major differences to the optimum case appear at high-latitude locations (up to 1.5% 154 in absolute), with the dotted lines corresponding to the insolation levels of latitude-tilted planes. Here, 155 the all-sky GTI as a function of α is found via SMARTS from a minutely time series of reconstructed, 156 historical global solar spectra from 2004 to 2018, see Eq. 1 and Tab. 1. All GTI values with the same 157 angle of incidence α (rounded to the nearest integer) are added together irrespective of their 158 timestamps, before the resulting graph is normalised to its peak value. 159 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-optimum-angular-tilt-that-maximises-the-annual-2b8u66db.png Fig. 4. The optimum angular-tilt that maximises the annual insolation on a flat plane. 202 It is a function of the geographical latitude among other factors, implied by the large spread of 203 literature data (light coloured symbols) [31, 8, 7, 5, 6, 41, 42, 43, 4]. The dark coloured (round) symbols 204 refer to the optimum-tilted plane if environmental factors were negligible. The square dots stand for 205 the here investigated cities Trondheim (63.4°), Paris (49.0°), Cairo (29.9°) and Nairobi (-1.2°), whose 206 optimum angular-tilts are based on a minutely time series of reconstructed, historical global solar 207 spectra between February 2004 and February 2018. 208 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-angle-resolved-annual-insolation-profile-anranip-3407bayi.png Fig. 1. The angle resolved annual insolation profile (ANRANIP). 93 The ANRANIP shows (a) how the incident solar energy is dispersed over the angles of incidence α for 94 an inclined surface; α is defined as positive if measured from the surface normal to Sun’s position (b). 95 The ANRANIP depends on the plane’s angular tilt β, measured from Earth’s ground, and is normalised 96 to its global peak value. 97 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-comparison-of-long-time-averaged-solar-spectra-at-15waefv4.png Fig. 2. A comparison of long-time averaged solar spectra at distinct climatic locations. 132 For each city, the 14-year time series of non-zero historical solar spectra at one-minute intervals was 133 averaged and expressed as electrical current density. The global standard AM 1.5G spectrum from 134 NREL [29] is shown for comparison, highlighting the differences to a typical solar spectrum received by 135 a latitude-tilted surface in the outdoors. The inset quotes the total currents after integrating from 280 136 to 4000 nm wavelength. Since a time-series of solar spectra cannot be adequately represented in a 137 single graph, the average spectrum was chosen as the most appropriate quantity of comparison. 138 https://scispace.com/papers/the-quiet-revolution-and-the-family-gender-composition-of-3cmw0m86rx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-e-ects-of-share-of-women-in-group-on-fertility-by-3i84kms4.png Figure 11: E¤ects of Share of Women in Group on Fertility by Type Conditional on CountryField-of-Study and Year Fixed E¤ects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2010-2000-change-in-share-of-women-and-total-number-37b9h4ol.png Figure 6: 2010-2000 Change in Share of Women and Total Number of Graduates by Country The percentage-point change in the share of women among graduates against the change in the logarithm of total graduates between 2010 (2009 in BE, FR, PT, SI and 2008 in IT) and 2000 (1999 in IE, IT, SI and 2001 in HU, UK). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-women-in-tertiary-graduates-by-field-2qi3t8ne.png Figure 2: Percentage of Women in Tertiary Graduates by Field Note: The share of women by eld on the total sum of graduates from the 23 EU countries of Fig 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2010-2000-change-in-share-of-women-and-total-number-3c9zvyhj.png Figure 7: 2010-2000 Change in Share of Women and Total Number of Graduates by Field Note: The percentage-point change in the share of women among graduates against the change in the logarithm of total graduates between 2010 and 2000 for the 23 countries (and year exceptions) of Fig 6. The relative size of the circles corresponds to the eld-speci c sum of graduates across these countries in 2000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-e-ects-of-share-of-women-in-group-on-fertility-35b3a1wj.png Figure 4: E¤ects of Share of Women in Group on Fertility Conditional on Country-Year and Field-of-Study Fixed E¤ects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-of-women-in-tertiary-graduates-by-3vw8x6hy.png Figure 1: Percentage of Women in Tertiary Graduates by Country Note: Graduates with tertiary-level education (ISCED level 5 and 6) from eight elds of study (see Fig 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-e-ects-of-share-of-women-in-group-on-fertility-by-15wdompn.png Figure 10: E¤ects of Share of Women in Group on Fertility by Type Conditional on CountryYear and Field-of-Study Fixed E¤ects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-e-ects-of-share-of-women-in-group-on-fertility-by-2dnk79vv.png Figure 8: E¤ects of Share of Women in Group on Fertility by Type Conditional on CountryYear and Field-of-Study Fixed E¤ects https://scispace.com/papers/the-r136-star-cluster-dissected-with-hubble-space-telescope-4cja09m9ko 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-spatial-distribution-of-our-targets-in-r136-stars-2oq896ok.png Figure 11. Spatial distribution of our targets in R136. Stars indicated by a red dot likely belong to a younger population while blue triangles to an older (& 2.5 Myr). The position of older and younger stars are randomly distributed. Black bold solid circle of radius 0.5 parsec and black solid circle of radius 1.0 parsec are centred on R136a1. The background image was taken with HST/WFC3 using the F555W filter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-probability-density-functions-of-initial-stellar-2h94hk9e.png Figure 12. Probability density functions of initial stellar masses. Results are indicated as in Fig. 11. Red solid line is the best fit with slope γ ≈ 2 derived over the 30 to 200 mass range. Slopes of γ = 1.9, 2.1 and 2.3 seemed to work similarly well (grey dashed, dotted and dotted-dashed lines). Our sample is complete down to 30 − 40 M . 7 stars are more massive than 100 M . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-probability-density-functions-of-stellar-ages-u37vf214.png Figure 10. Probability density functions of stellar ages (black solid line and ±1σ estimate blue shaded). Blue dotted-dashed line: PDF of stars analysed with CMFGEN. Red dotted line: PDF of stars analysed with FASTWIND. Numbers are cumulative counts. The population of R136 can be roughly divided into two, a younger one with an age < 2.5 Myr and an older population with an age > 2.5 Myr. Hatched area correspond to the minimum age R136 of 1 Myr. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hrd-of-our-analysed-stars-indicating-single-stars-1blo0mi3.png Figure 2. HRD of our analysed stars indicating single stars (red dots), probable spectroscopic binaries (blue stars), stars with low S/N spectra (black pluses) and contaminated objects by nearby stars (green diamonds). Evolutionary tracks are from Brott et al. (2011) and Köhler et al. (2015) (solid black lines) and Yusof et al. (2013) (dashed black lines). Zero-age-main sequence and 0.8, 1.6, 2.5 My isochrones are shown as well with an initial rotation rate of 180 km/s. Black dotted line indicates our nominal S/N limit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spectroscopic-minus-evolutionary-gravities-against-3cb1jmeo.png Figure 4. Spectroscopic minus evolutionary gravities against initial stellar mass (red dots). Stars with initial mass > 40M are shown as blue triangles. Up to ∼ 80 M spectroscopic gravities are systematically smaller than evolutionary gravities, which is expected for the negative mass-discrepancy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spectroscopic-minus-evolutionary-temperature-16qxyf75.png Figure 5. Spectroscopic minus evolutionary temperature against initial stellar mass (red dots). Stars with initial mass > 40M are shown as blue triangles. Evolutionary temperatures are systematically larger for stars more massive than ∼ 40 M . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spectroscopic-versus-current-evolutionary-masses-31jige74.png Figure 3. Spectroscopic versus current evolutionary masses: even though both masses mostly agreement within their uncertainties, a systematic offset develops toward higher masses (dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-surface-helium-abundances-versus-mass-loss-1cbuv61d.png Figure 9. Surface helium abundances versus mass-loss timescale for homogeneous (red dots) and clumped winds (blue triangles) over main-sequence lifetime. Main-sequence lifetimes are estimated based on the most probable initial mass according to the models of Brott et al. (2011) and Köhler et al. (2015). https://scispace.com/papers/the-radial-electric-field-as-a-measure-for-field-penetration-4ozxf4ym23 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-vacuum-calculated-field-line-loss-fraction-for-1-1kc7okr0.png Figure 5. Vacuum calculated field line loss fraction for 1 discharge (145411), with 2 different RMP-coil currents. The red dotted curve is the field line loss fraction based on the experimental input RMP-coil current, whereas the blue solid curve is the field line loss fraction for 1/3 of the experimental input RMP-coil current. The green curve is Uφ divided by USφ t and can be interpreted as a weighting function as a consequence of the plasma edge not being stochastic enough. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-m3d-c1-magnetic-field-calculations-for-4-2p1c3hfy.png Figure 6. M3D-c1 magnetic field calculations for 4 representative discharges in comparison with the vacuum resonant components. Outside N = 0.95, the plasma response on average reduces the resonant magnetic field by about 67%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-this-figure-shows-the-difference-in-experimental-fpa4nfbb.png Figure 4. This figure shows the difference in experimental carbon toroidal rotation between discharges with RMPs and those without (red). In the blue curve is the theoretical value for UStφ . There is large difference between both curves, pointing to the influence of plasma response limiting the stochastic region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-radial-profiles-of-carbon-toroidal-rotation-for-the-25l7hx6v.png Figure 3. Radial profiles of carbon toroidal rotation for the discharges without RMPs (blue), with RMPs but no ELM suppression (red) and the ELM suppressed discharges with RMPs (black). The solid lines are the polynomial fits to the data and a clear spin-up of the carbon toroidal rotation is observed on average at the plasma edge, whereas a decrease is observed in the core, when RMPs are applied. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-er-versus-1-lpi-for-81-independently-analysed-time-s1fu110b.png Figure 2. Er versus 1/LPi for 81 independently analysed time slices. The blue colour scheme represents the reference time slices without RMP, the green–yellow scheme is for cases where the RMP coil was on, but ELMs were not suppressed, and the red–orange scheme is for ELM suppressed discharges. The trend from dark to light colours represents the radial location of the data points. Er is more positive outside N = 0.95 when RMPs are applied. There is no difference in the data between the discharges with the RMP coil on or off for N < 0.95. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-traces-from-4-representative-discharges-the-13lc5wn1.png Figure 1. Time traces from 4 representative discharges. The RMP coils are activated (b) at 2400 ms. For all discharges there is a direct reduction in the pedestal density (d). The pedestal electron temperature (e) drops initially but recovers slowly in the discharges. All experiments are performed with constant, but different q95 values by changing Ip. The toroidal rotation close to the top of the pedestal drops on a similar time scale as the turn-on of the RMP coils. ELMs [Dα spikes in (g)–(j)] are mitigated in discharges outside the q95 resonant window and suppressed inside this window. https://scispace.com/papers/the-radiative-influence-of-aerosol-effects-on-liquid-phase-29rcvycj67 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-global-annual-average-differences-in-total-liquid-2wp17ykn.png Figure 6: Global annual average differences in total liquid water paths (g/m-2) between present day and pre-industrial aerosol emissions for CSIRO and GISS for Exp CON. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-vertical-profiles-of-global-annual-average-values-2ewgl85z.png Figure 7: Vertical profiles of global annual average values of detrained cloud condensate (g m-3) for Exp CON for both present day (PD) and pre-industrial (PI) aerosol emissions for CSIRO and GISS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-vertical-profile-of-global-annual-average-values-of-2erlfpkq.png Figure 2: Vertical profile of global annual average values of aerosol concentration for Exp CON for present day (PD) and pre-industrial (PI) aerosol emissions for sulfate, organic matter (OM), and black carbon (BC). BC values for PI are usually very low (<< 0.1 µg m-3) and are not shown as are values at levels above 300 hPa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-global-annual-differences-in-convective-cloud-2g906hpn.png Figure 3: Global annual differences in convective cloud precipitation (mm/day) between present day and pre-industrial aerosol emissions for CSIRO and GISS for Exp CON. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-annual-average-differences-between-present-day-pd-20ihnal7.png Table 2: Annual average differences between present-day (PD) and pre-industrial (PI) aerosol emissions for CSIRO and GISS GCM for Exp CON and CON_C. S and C stand for stratiform and cumulus, respectively. τc refers to total optical depth for water clouds. GISS values for Nc are at 760 hPa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-global-annual-differences-in-cloud-droplet-number-3dlvitf6.png Figure 4: Global annual differences in cloud droplet number concentration (Nc) (cm-3) between present day and pre-industrial aerosol emissions for warm moist convective clouds for Exp CON for CSIRO and GISS at 700 and 760 hPa, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-similar-to-table-2-but-differences-are-for-exp-con-1wedfb7k.png Table 3: Similar to Table 2 but differences are for Exp CON and CON_S. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-microphysical-processes-used-in-the-urb1lua7.png Table 1: Description of microphysical processes used in the models for the various simulations. The cloud droplet number concentration (Nc) from the aerosol concentration Nal and Nao (land and ocean, respectively) for cumulus (C) and large-scale stratiform clouds (S) is as given. The autoconversion treatment is based on a modified version of the treatment used in Rotstayn and Liu (2005) (RL05) for S. https://scispace.com/papers/the-rank-correlated-fsk-model-for-prediction-of-gas-1b59sf8a00 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-temperature-and-water-vapor-mole-fraction-for-1x3r1rfi.png Figure 5. Temperature and water vapor mole fraction for Example 1, Cases 1a and 1b. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-rank-correlated-fsk-spectral-model-the-current-3efy6uz5.png Figure 3. The Rank Correlated FSK spectral model. The current value of the variable 0g provides rank correlation of k-distributions at all gas local states (correlated step is B – B′). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-construction-of-a-the-fsck-i-spectral-model-1lack1q8.png Figure 2. Construction of a) the FSCK-I spectral model (correlated step is A – B), and b) the FSCK-II spectral model (correlated step is A′ – B′). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-sensitivity-of-predictions-to-the-choice-of-rr2xmxov.png Figure 11. Sensitivity of predictions to the choice of reference temperature T0 for the FSCK-I and FSCK-II models, and to the choice of TP for the RC-FSK model for Example 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-prediction-of-a-normalized-total-directional-exit-3a7mh2pu.png Figure 12. Prediction of a) normalized total directional exit flux, ( ) ( )b Pq L E T and b) absolute error in predicted normalized exit flux, ENF, for the two-layer system of Example 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sensitivity-of-rc-fsk-predictions-for-example-1-uf7tte3o.png Figure 8. Sensitivity of RC-FSK predictions for Example 1, Case 1b to a) the number of quadrature points employed in the RTE solution, and b) the reference blackbody source temperature TP using 1000 quadrature points in the solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rank-correlated-reordered-absorption-coefficients-35clmd50.png Figure 1. Rank correlated reordered absorption coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-temperature-and-water-vapor-mole-fraction-profiles-17s33p0t.png Figure 9. Temperature and water vapor mole fraction profiles for Example 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-rapid-response-of-2-1-tearing-mode-to-electrode-biasing-jhec6qrl7g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-statistical-results-of-the-relation-between-3e89tsqc.png Figure 4. The statistical results of the relation between variations of (a) EB current (△IEB1), (b) bias voltages (△UEB) and variation of tearing mode frequency (△fTM1) in rapid response. Among the results, some data mentioned in figure 3 are contained. The dashed line shows the line of best-fit of rapid response for different positions (by different shapes) and current rise time (by different colors). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-evolutions-of-a-current-of-electrode-biasing-2t5djfm2.png Figure 5. Time evolutions of (a) current of electrode biasing (IEB1, defined in figure 1), (b) poloidal magnetic perturbation (δBθ), (c) TM frequency (fTM1) for shot 1048873. (d) Auto-conditional average results of EB current (IEB1, shown by blue curve) and TM frequency (fTM1, shown by red curve) for shaded part above. (e) Tearing mode frequency (fTM1) versus EB current (IEB1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-evolutions-of-a-current-of-electrode-biasing-1lgxvy1g.png Figure 1. Time evolutions of (a) current of electrode biasing (IEB1); IEB1=IEB-IEB0, IEB0 is the EB current before the application of bias voltage at about 0.35s; (b) central line-averaged electron density (ne); (c) poloidal magnetic perturbation(δBθ); (d) m/n=2/1 Mirnov toroidal rotation frequency (fTM1); fTM1=fTM-fTM0, fTM0 is the TM frequency before the application of bias voltage at about 0.35; (e) carbon V toroidal velocities VΦ at r=0.72a and 0.87a, while the island is located at about 0.74a for shot 1048864. (f) The detailed analyses of EB current (by blue curve) and tearing mode frequency (by red curve), △fTM1 and △IEB1 defined in figure 1(f), are variations before and after the application of EB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-time-evolutions-of-three-cycles-eb-current-blue-34xts0o1.png Figure 6. Time evolutions of three cycles’ EB current (blue curve) and TM frequency (red curve) (a), (d); (b), (e) detailed analysis of EB current and TM frequency in the shadow part; (c), (f) the derivative of mode frequency in the shaded part for shots 1048873 and 1055126, respectively. The dashed lines mean the moment of: EB current turning on (blue curve), the beginning of mode frequency varying (red curve), EB current ramping to flattop (cyan curve), maximum of frequency derivative (magenta curve), the end of mode frequency varying (black curve), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-evolutions-of-a-current-of-electrode-biasing-3bax9tbi.png Figure 2. Time evolutions of (a) current of electrode biasing (IEB1), (b) central line-averaged electron density (ne), (c) poloidal magnetic perturbation (δBθ), (d) TM frequency (fTM1), (e) carbon V toroidal velocity VΦ at r=0.72a for shot 1042702. (f) Tearing mode frequency (by red curve) and toroidal velocity (by black curve) versus EB current. (g) Poloidal magnetic perturbation versus tearing mode frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-effect-of-eb-current-ieb1-on-tm-frequency-ftm1-2gqlptpb.png Figure 3. The effect of EB current (IEB1) on TM frequency (fTM1) for different EB positions (PEB), EB current rise time (tEB) and bias voltages (UEB). For every situation, the only variable EB parameter is shown by different colors while the others keeping the same. (a), (d), (g) Time evolutions of EB current (IEB1); (b), (e), (h) time evolutions of TM frequency (fTM1); (c), (f), (i) tearing mode frequency versus EB current. https://scispace.com/papers/the-rat-medial-prefrontal-cortex-exhibits-flexible-neural-enarfizvy2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-task-normalized-firing-rates-for-pyramidal-cells-26iw6e7p.png Figure 2. Task-normalized firing rates for pyramidal cells and interneurons. A, D, Coronal and sagittal rat brain sections depicting the location of the recording sites and photograph of a representative electrode placement. Probes were located in the prelimbic region of the mPFC. Box indicate the medial-lateral (left) and anterior–posterior (right) locations of the electrode arrays. B1, Grand-average ( SEM) of task-normalized firing rate for 382 neurons recorded across 77 recording sessions. Firing rates were z-scored before averaging across neurons. B2, Timeline of a single trial, where the three main epochs of the task (Delay, Foraging, and Reward) were identified through the four behavioral timestamps: Delay starts; Delay ends; Correct dig; and End of trial. Specific percentages of completion were assigned to each task epoch to calculate the task-normalized firing rates (see Data analysis – Task normalized firing rates). C1, Distribution of first PCA components (integrating two waveform features) for pIn, pPy, and unclassified neurons. The Gaussian fits used for the classification are shown as continuous lines on top of the distribution. C2, Mean waveforms ( SEM) for the three classes of neurons detailed in C1. Unclassified neurons had a mean waveform closer to the pPy class and where subsequently labeled as pPys. C3, Distribution of mean firing rates for 61 pIns and 321 pPy. Firing rates were higher in the pIn population than in the pPy one (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, D(321,61) 0.30, p 1.1 10 4). Vertical dotted lines mark the mean value of each distribution. D, Grand-average ( SEM) of task-normalized firing rate for pIns and pPys. The firing rates in the two classes were significantly different (two-way ANOVA, interaction cell class time, F(99,38000) 3.02, p 8.4 10 22). Black horizontal lines mark groups of time bins with significant differences between pIns and pPy (FDR-corrected rank-sum, p 0.05). Top Left, Distribution of Fano factors for pPys versus pIns (dotted lines mark mean values). Pins exhibit higher trial-to- trial variability (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, D(321,61) 0.30, p 9.8 10 5). p 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-identification-of-subpopulations-of-pyramidal-luixx4do.png Figure 5. Identification of subpopulations of pyramidal neurons. A1, AIC for the PCA-features k-means clustering, calculated for different number of clusters (k). The selected number of clusters (k 4) was identified through a broken stick fit (cyan line). A2, Loadings on the first 3 PCs for the population of 321 pPys clustered. Different colors indicate the different classes assigned. A3, Average ( SEM) task-normalized firing rate for each of the classes identified. B, Grand-average ( SEM) of task-normalized firing rate for each class of pPys, separated according to the session’s span (low or high). Only firing rates in Class 2 were significantly different (two-way ANOVA, interaction span class time, F(99,7000) 3.59, p 1.4 10 29). Black horizontal lines mark groups of time bins showing significant differences between low and high span groups (FDR-corrected rank sum, p 0.05). No significant differences between firing rates in the low and high span sessions were observed in the remaining classes (two-way ANOVA, interaction span class time: F(99,15300) 1.23, p 0.06 for Class 1; F(99,4700) 0.93, p 0.67 for Class 3; F(99,4300) 1.18, p 0.11 for Class 4. p 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-identification-of-neural-populations-via-pca-a-1sb80l00.png Figure 3. Identification of neural populations via PCA. A, First three PCs. Projection of firing rates for the 382 neurons along the first three principal eigenvectors identified through PCA (left) and variance explained by each PC (right; blue line marks the broken stick model fit on the data). The first three PCs together explained 56% of the original variance of the dataset. B, Task-normalized firing rates for the 382 neurons identified sorted according to their loadings on first, second, and third PC (left, center, and right, respectively). Red arrows on the right side of each color-plot indicates the transition point between positive and negative loaders. C, Distributions of loadings on each PC separated for pIns and pPys. On the first PC pIns’ loadings were significantly higher than pPys’ ones (left; Kolmogorov–Smirnov test: D(321,61) 0.24, p 4.9 10 3), whereas no significant effect was found on the other two PCs (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test: D(321,61) 0.10, p 0.63 for PC2; D(321,61) 0.12, p 0.37). p 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-activity-of-pyramidal-neurons-is-predictive-of-span-dyf75wd8.png Figure 4. Activity of pyramidal neurons is predictive of span. A, Grand-average ( SEM) of task-normalized firing rate for 321 pPys, separated according to the session’s span (low and high span were defined according to the threshold identified in Fig. 1C). Firing rates in the two groups were significantly different (two-way ANOVA, interaction between span class and time bin, F(99,31900) 1.72, p 1.1 10 5). Black horizontal lines mark groups of time bins showing significant differences between low and high span groups (FDR-corrected rank sum, p 0.05). B, Grand-average ( SEM) of task-normalized firing rate for 61 pIns, separated according to the session’s span. Firing rates in the two groups were not significantly different (two-way ANOVA, interaction between span class and time bin F(99,5900) 0.87, p 0.81). p 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-timeline-depicting-experimental-events-1v8hp0fc.png Figure 1. A, Timeline depicting experimental events. Pretraining and DNMS required 6–9 d of training. Training on the OST required 8–16 d of training. Following OST, animals underwent electrode implantation surgery and were allowed 14 d to recover. Following recovery, OST resumed, and electrophysiological recording occurred. B, OST consists of successive trials in which the animal must identify a novel odor and dig to receive a food reward. Different colors indicate different odors. With each successive trial, a new odor bowl ( ) is added, while the previous odors ( ) are rearranged pseudorandomly. Between each trial the animal returns to a clear Plexiglas house for an intertrial delay period of 40 s. OST continues until the animals fails to dig in the novel bowl. Span length is determined as the number trials successfully completed. C, Distribution of span lengths across the 86 recording sessions. The distribution is not unimodal (Calibrated Hartigan’s dip test, D(86) 0.048, p 7.2 10 3). The local minimum between the two peaks (span 11.5, black dotted line) was taken as threshold to classify the sessions into Low span (blue) and High span (red). Nine sessions with a span length smaller than five were excluded from the following analysis (grey). D, Span length for each session plotted by individual rats. Most rats (6/7) had both low and high span sessions (ANOVA test, F(6,79) 1.78, p 0.11). E, Average number ( SEM) of familiar bowl approaches versus number of familiar bowls available (red). The numbers of bowls visited prior to a correct dig was compatible with the statistically expected ones (blue dots; FDR-corrected t test, p 0.05 for all spans). F, Average time ( SEM) between approaches versus number of bowls available in High and Low span sessions. No difference was found for any number of bowls between 2 and 12 false discovery rate (FDR-corrected t test, p 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-divergence-of-the-neural-trajectory-following-an-6tcjdd8g.png Figure 7. Divergence of the neural trajectory following an incorrect choice. A, Neural activity trajectories in the PC space for 125 pPys during consecutive correct trials (1–9) and incorrect trials (black). Arrows indicate module and direction of trajectories’ speed. Different epochs of the task are color coded, transition between foraging and error epochs corresponds to a Correct dig for the correct trials and to an Error dig for the incorrect ones, trial progression is color-coded from darker to lighter. B, Task-normalized firing rates for 237 pPys sorted according to their loadings on PC3 for correct (left) and incorrect (right) trials. PCA was performed on trial-normalized firing rates, and PC3 identified the error signal. Red vertical lines mark the End of the delay and the Dig event. Red arrows on the right side of each color-plot indicates the transition point between positive and negative loaders. C, Grand-average ( SEM) of tasknormalized firing rate for the top 30% positive loaders on PC3 (30 pPys) on correct and incorrect trials. Firing rates in the two groups were significantly different (two-way ANOVA, interaction between kind of trial and time bin, F(99,5800) 1.59, p 2.0 10 4). Black horizontal markers indicate groups of time bins showing significant differences between correct and incorrect trials (FDR-corrected rank sum, p 0.05). p 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-distinct-neural-trajectories-for-familiar-and-novel-3ndze57r.png Figure 6. Distinct neural trajectories for familiar and novel odor approaches. A, Neural activity trajectories in the PC space for 188 pyramidal neurons around familiar and novel approaches (time interval 2 to 2 s around each event, first 3 PCs explaining 56% of variance). Arrows indicate module and direction of trajectories’ speed. B1–B3, Average normalized firing rates ( SEM) for positive and negative PC loaders for familiar approaches (left) and novel approaches (right). Loadings were obtained considering a time interval from 2 s to 0.3 s around each event. C, Empirical cumulative distribution function (CDF) of absolute loadings on the first three PCs for familiar and novel approaches (time interval 2 s to 0.3 s around each event, first 3 PCs explaining 74% of variance). Absolute loading distributions in the two classes were different (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test: D(188,188) 0.22, p 2.0 10 4 for PC1; D(188,188) 0.19, p 2.5 10 3 for PC2; D(188,188) 0.15, p 2.7 10 2 for PC3). p 0.05; p 0.01; p 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-recording-sessions-and-number-of-neurons-1nf1mg42.png Table 1. Number of recording sessions and number of neurons recorded for each animal https://scispace.com/papers/the-rate-and-extent-of-windgap-migration-regulated-by-4bjndw5jhx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-examples-of-avulsions-across-wind-gaps-forked-black-2iknmz1l.png Figure 4. Examples of avulsions across wind gaps (forked black line). Channels are marked in purple. (a) A map based on a TanDEM-X DEM (Krieger et al., 2007) of a wind gap next to Mt. Berech in the Negev highlands along the Arava escarpment, Israel. Note that although the side tributaries drain primarily northwest of the wind gap, a few bifurcating branches appear to route a fraction of the tributaries’ discharge to the other side of the wind gap. The black box marks the area shown in panel (b). (b) An air photo (© Google Earth 2020) showing the main channels of the side tributaries as well as their bifurcating branches. A black v-shaped symbol open to the north shows the locations from which the picture in panel (c) were taken. (c) View of an avulsion point looking upstream (north) from the aforementioned v-shaped symbol. The circle marks a backpack for scale that is located at the bifurcation point. (d) A map based on a GMTED2010 DEM (Danielson and Gesch, 2011) of the Ishkashim Pass area in Afghanistan. Note that although the side tributary drains primarily southwest of the wind gap, a few bifurcating branches appear to route a fraction of its discharge to the other side of the wind gap. The black box marks the area shown in panel (e). (e) An air photo (© Google Earth 2020) showing the bifurcation of a side tributary across the wind gap. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-influence-of-avulsions-on-energy-dissipation-3298unkj.png Figure 8. The influence of avulsions on energy dissipation and wind-gap location. Model run time is shown on the x axis, energy dissipation (normalized by its maximal value) on the left y axis, and wind-gap location relative to the center of the model domain (i.e., Ld/Lc, Fig. 5) on the right y axis. The plot shows the results of a fixed confluence simulation that produced a stable wind-gap position away from the center of the model domain at approximately 1× 107 years. An avulsion simulation introduced at approximately 2.7× 107 years perturbed this stable topography and triggered further divide migration to the center of the model domain. While avulsions can temporally increase the energy dissipation of the system, they lead to an abrupt decrease in energy dissipation as confluences (gray circles) are being traversed. Inset images 1–3 correspond to the topographic profiles in different stages in this experiment (similar to those in Fig. 5b) and show the initial topography (1), a stable asymmetric divide position attained with fixed confluence simulations (2), and a stable symmetric divide position attained with an avulsion simulation (3). Model parameters are given in Table 1. The calculation of energy dissipation, based on Sun et al. (1994a, b), is described in the Supplement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simulations-of-along-valley-wind-gap-migration-t9vjlqo3.png Figure 5. Simulations of along-valley wind-gap migration across confluences with tributaries. (a) Plan view schematic of a one-dimensional model domain that simulates a valley of constant width (w) that is drained by a trunk channel (dark line) with equally spaced (L) confluences with tributaries. The drainage area of nodes between confluences is fixed (1x×w; see Table 1 for values of model parameters). The drainage area of a tributary is the local area that is added at each confluence (an example is represented here by a gray rectangle). Ld and Lc mark the distance from the left edge of the model domain to the location of a stable wind-gap position and to the center of the model domain, respectively. Confluences marked A–D are referred to in Fig. 7a. (b) An example of simulated topographic profiles along the trunk channel: (1) a topographic profile of the simulation’s initial condition; (2) simulated steady-state topography that develops from the initial condition in profile no. 1 through a fixed confluence simulation. Note that the wind gap attains a stable position away from the center of the model domain (i.e., Ld < Lc). Also note that this steady position occurs adjacent to a trunk–tributary confluence on the shrinking side of the wind gap; (3) simulated steady-state topography with avulsions (light gray circles mark the mean location of trunk–tributary confluences, which is the same as that of the fixed confluence). The wind gap’s stable position is at Lc. (c) Simulated wind-gap location vs. time for the simulations in panel (b). Note that the plot shows the model duration until the wind gap in the fixed confluence simulation attained a stable position (case 2 in panel b). (d) A χ–z plot (Perron and Royden, 2013) for case 2 in panel (b). Note that the relief from each channel head to the wind gap is also marked (see legend). The channel head is defined based on where the topographic profile shifts from concave to convex. The channel head to the right of the divide (a black filled circle in the χ–z plot) is at the adjacent tributary confluence. Model parameters are given in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-illustration-of-a-typical-a-b-vs-along-uv1g6z7z.png Figure 1. Schematic illustration of a typical (a, b) vs. along-valley (c, d) divide migration. (a) Illustration of a typical divide migration process with the divide (dashed line) located along a ridgeline (after Whipple et al., 2017). (b) The same setting as in panel (a) after the divide migrated some distance. Note that as the ridgeline migrates it erases the tributaries of the shrinking basin. (c) Illustration of a wind-gap (dashed line) migration along a valley. Note that the tributaries that drain to the valley can be preserved through the migration process so that the migrating wind gap can traverse confluences with tributaries through its migration. (d) Same setting as in panel (c) after the wind gap migrated some distance. Low-order channels are marked with thinner lines. Note that the low-order drainage divides between tributaries (dotted lines) can merge with the migrating wind gap to form a high-order divide (for example, see the low-order divides marked 1 and 2 in panels c and d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simulated-wind-gap-migration-along-the-parlung-2rne02g5.png Figure 6. Simulated wind-gap migration along the Parlung valley. (a) Regional map based on the 15 arcsec GMTED2010 DEM (approximately 500 m resolution; Danielson and Gesch, 2011) showing the Yigong, Parlung, Lohit, Siang, and Yarlung rivers (location is shown as a box in Fig. 2a). The approximate capture location of the Yarlung–Yigong by the Siang is marked by point d. Point e marks the current location of the wind gap between the northwest-flowing Parlung and southeast-flowing Lohit rivers. Point f marks the base level at the confluence of the Lohit and Siang rivers. Thin dark lines mark river systems with drainage area larger than 108 m2, and the bold dark lines mark the river system that is simulated in panel (c). A box marks the area shown in panel (b). (b) Map of the Parlung river basin. The Parlung reversed its flow direction following the capture, likely through wind-gap migration from the capture point (point d) to the current location of the wind gap (point e). Points 1, 2, and 3 mark simulated stable wind-gap locations in conjunction with panel (c). The labels t1 and t2 mark large tributaries of the Parlung river. (c) Profiles of simulated initial and steady-state topography. Curve d – a profile at the time of capture of the Yigong–Parlung by the Siang (the initial topography of the simulations); curve 1 – a profile of a simulated stable wind-gap position developed in a fixed confluence simulation. Note that this stable location is just west of a confluence with a large tributary (t1). Curve 2 – a stable wind-gap position that developed by simulating an avulsion of tributary t1 to the expanding side of the wind gap. This new stable wind-gap position is just west of a confluence with a large tributary t2. Curve 3 – a stable wind-gap position that is attained through an avulsion simulation in which tributaries with drainage area larger than 107 m2 are allowed to avulse. Model parameters are given in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-table-of-model-parameters-u-uplift-rate-d-diffusion-3lpx5fka.png Table 1. Table of model parameters. U : uplift rate; D: diffusion coefficient; K: erodibility coefficient; m and n: drainage area and slope exponents, respectively; Lc: distance to the center of model domain; L: distance between confluences; W : valley width; At: tributary area; 1x: node spacing; 1ta: time between avulsions; a only for models with avulsions; b varying drainage area with the lowest value being the same as the drainage area of a single non-confluence node (i.e., W ×1x) and with all following values ranging from 2 to 20 segment areas (i.e., L×W ) in steps of 2×L×W ; c varying time between avulsions (between 50 and 950 years in intervals of 100 years). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-e-influence-of-tributary-area-and-avulsion-1xelglol.png Figure 7. e influence of tributary area and avulsion frequency on wind-gap migration. Note that every marker in panels (a–c) represents the results of a single simulation. (a) The influence of tributary area and the area exponentm on the position of the stable wind gap relative to the center of the model domain (i.e., Ld/Lc, Fig. 5). When the stable position is closer to the center, the value Ld/Lc is closer to unity. Tributary drainage area (At) is normalized by the area of the valley segment between tributaries. Note that stable wind-gap positions are typically next to a confluence on the shrinking valley side, whose location is marked by dashed horizontal lines. (b) The influence of tributary area (normalized as before) on the mean velocity of wind-gap migration. This velocity (V ) is computed based on the location and time of where and when the wind gap reaches a stable position in the fixed confluence simulations and is normalized by the mean velocity (Vr) of the reference simulation with the same total drainage area. (c) The influence of time interval between avulsions on the mean velocity of windgap migration (computed with the same procedure described before) for the case in which the area of tributaries is twice the segment area. The dashed line marks the velocity of an equivalent fixed confluence simulation. Model parameters are given in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-of-valleys-with-wind-gaps-and-major-2tr9bl53.png Figure 3. Examples of valleys with wind gaps and major confluences with side tributaries (gray circles). Major channels are marked in purple, and their flow direction is marked with an arrow. (a) A map based on a TanDEM-X DEM (Krieger et al., 2007) showing an example from Wadi Grofit in the Negev highlands along the Arava escarpment, Israel. The current location of the wind gap is marked by a bold forked black line. The approximated initial location of the wind gap is marked with a forked yellow line (Harel et al., 2019). A black v-shaped symbol open to the southwest shows the locations from which the picture in panel (b) was taken. (b) A picture of the wind gap shown in panel (a). Note the low relief of the wind gap and a side tributary that joins the valley from the left-hand side of the picture. (c) A map based on a GMTED2010 DEM (Danielson and Gesch, 2011) showing the wind gap and confluences along the Parlung valley, China. Wind-gap symbols are as in panel (a). In both the Grofit and Parlung examples, the wind gap likely traversed confluences with side tributaries (gray circles), resulting in their barbed morphology. The inset map shows the general location of the field examples presented in this and other figures; figure numbers are specified next to each location. https://scispace.com/papers/the-ratio-of-cross-sections-for-double-to-single-ionization-56mhdl12v7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measured-values-r-of-double-to-single-ionization-at-t9mr4mjx.png Table 1. Measured values R of double-to-single ionization at high energies, where Z is the incident charge of the projectile, E is the maximum kinetic energy for which data are available for the given charge state, vis the (relativistic) velocity in atomic units, and R is the ratio of double-tosingle ionization. The ratio for high-energy photons (> 2 ke V) is also listed (Hi no et al. [ 1993] and Levin [1991]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-measured-ratios-of-double-to-single-ionization-plotted-y3zqmlk5.png Fig. 8. Measured ratios of double-to-single ionization plotted as a function ofv/Z. Symbols represent target ionization associated with outgoing projectile charge states as follows: no charge change, black dots - He+, star burst - 0 7+, open dots - S I 3+; electron capture, solid diamonds - He+, winged diamonds - o7+, open diamonds -Sf 3+; electron loss, black squares -He+, winged squares- o7+, open squares- Sl3+. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-total-attenuation-cross-section-of-photons-in-helium-2ol1vzgu.png Fig. 4 Total attenuation cross section of photons in helium at energies between 2 and 14 keY as measured by Azumaet al. [1994] (crosses); Bearden [1966] (black erect and inverted triangles); McCrary et al. [1970] (open squares); Yeigele [1973] (solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-plot-showing-the-z-and-v-in-atomic-units-regimes-where-ue5tt1yp.png Fig. 6. Plot showing the Z and v (in atomic units) regimes where the two-step and one-step (shakeoff) mechanisms of double ionization are expected to be dominant as well as the intermediate region where both mechanisms are expected to be important. The values Z/v = 1.0, 0.2, and 0.05, represent the approximate maximum Z/v values corresponding to the perturbative TS2, intermediate (interference), and SO regimes, respectively. For Z/v > 1 the TS2 mechanism is also dominant, but perturbation methods cannot be used. Z and v values for the following ions are indicated: winged squares - N+7; open diamonds- o7+; starburst- Ne+lO; X's- Si3+; crosses - Ni+23 winged diamonds- Kr+36; fancy crosses U90+. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-ratio-r-for-various-processes-plotted-versus-mhb6c20g.png Fig. 9 The ratio R for various processes plotted versus outgoing primary electron energy. The solid line is a curve drawn through the data of Figs. 1 and 2 and is labeled 'photoionization'. For this curve the electron energy is t~ken to be the photon energy minus the sum of the two ionization potentials of helium. The filled symbols are electron capture: circles, Kristensen and Horsdal-Pedersen [1990]; squares, Horsdal-Pedersen and Larsen [1979]. The open symbols are from hard proton-electron scattering data: circles, Kamber et al. [1988]; triangle, Cocke et al. [1993]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-lowest-order-mbpt-contributions-to-double-ionization-1yjoff61.png Fig. 10. Lowest order MBPT contributions to double ionization. Time increases in the upward direction and the ground state is not shown. The wavy line represents the interaction with the projectile and the dashed line is the electron-electron interaction. The electrons propagate upward and the holes propagate downward. SO denotes first-order shakeoff, GSC denotes ground-state correlation and TS1 denotes two step 1, meaning the there are two collisions of which 1 is with the projectile (the second is an electron-electron interaction on the way out of the collision). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-double-to-single-ionization-ratios-r-of-helium-by-2z64ihdu.png Fig. 7. Double-to-single ionization ratios R of helium by several ions as a function of v/Z (in atomic units). Data are as follows: open circles - H+ (Knudsen et al. [1984], Andersen et al. [1987], Shah and Gilbody [1985]); open squares- He2+ (Knudsen et al. [1984], Andersen et al. [1987] and Heber et al. [1990]); winged squares- N+l (Herber et al. [1990]); open diamonds()+7 (Tap.is et al. [1991a]; starburst- Ne+IO (Ullrich et al. [1993]); X- Si+l3 (Tanis et al. [1991b]); crosses -Ni+28 (Ullrich et al. [1993]); winged diamonds - Kr+36 (Ullrich et al. [1993]); fancy crosses- u+90 (Berget al. [1992]). The solid line indicates a (v/Z)-2 dependence (see text). The dashed line indicates the shakeoff (SO) limit (Z/v = 0.0022) determined by Knudsen et al. [1984]. The two- step (TS2), shakeoff (SO), and intermediate (Int.) regions are also indicated. https://scispace.com/papers/the-rational-weakness-of-strong-ties-failure-of-group-1o3j19cact 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effects-of-dependence-on-peer-approval-b-on-1vg7uiuu.png FIGURE 2 Effects of dependence on peer approval (b) on aggregate outcomes (left) and distribution of solutions in the b-t parameter space (right) for severe social dilemma (a ¼ 1; c ¼ 0:85Þ, and moderate task uncertainty, e ¼ 0:01. N ¼ 10, a ¼ 1, c0 ¼ 0:05: White regions in right part of the figure indicate full defection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effects-of-dependence-on-peer-approval-b-on-2d9yyjzs.png FIGURE 1 Effects of dependence on peer approval (b) on aggregate outcomes (left) and distribution of solutions in the b-t parameter space (right) for three different levels of task uncertainty, e. N¼ 10, a¼ 1, c¼ 0.5, c0 ¼ 0.05. White regions in right part of the figure indicate full defection. https://scispace.com/papers/the-reaction-kinetics-of-amino-radicals-with-sulfur-dioxide-3bkj5yifku 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reaction-enthalpies-at-298-k-y4kjk9hk.png Table 3: Reaction enthalpies at 298 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dependence-of-the-low-pressure-limit-10-for-3emmungn.png Figure 4: Dependence of the low-pressure limit 𝑘 1,0 for https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-integrated-lif-signal-excited-at-570-3-nm-0-3-mj-1epzlk13.png Figure 1: Integrated LIF signal excited at 570.3 nm (0.3 mJ energy) vs. time delay after 193 nm photolysis laser pulse (0.5 mJ), at 412 K, 15mbar total pressure and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-variation-of-the-pseudo-first-order-rate-yo8jihzg.png Figure 2: Variation of the pseudo-first-order rate coefficient 𝑘ps1 for the removal of ground-stateNH 2 as a function of the concentration of SO 2 at 𝑇 = 412 K and 𝑝 = 15mbar. The filled symbol corresponds to the decay shown in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-computed-potential-energy-diagram-for-nh-2-so-2-2yqnyiiq.png Figure 5: Computed potential energy diagram for NH 2 + SO 2 showing relative 0 K enthalpies derived via the CBS-QB3 method. CCSDT(Q)/CBS data shown in parentheses (see text). Structures for IM-5 and IM-6, rotational conformers of IM-4, have been omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-measurements-of-the-effective-second-1iahvfet.png Table 1: Summary of measurements of the effective second-order rate constant 𝑘 1 for SO 2 reaction with NH 2 in its ground and a vibrationally-excited (0,1,0) state. https://scispace.com/papers/the-reaction-interface-in-reduction-4787f8907y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-arrhenius-plot-for-the-langmuir-hinshelwood-rate-eg3owfka.png Fig. 3. Arrhenius plot for the Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate constants https://scispace.com/papers/the-reactivity-of-epoxides-with-lithium-2-2-6-6-5fc1c9jtx2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-reactions-of-organolithiums-with-epoxide-13-3vvrxexq.png Table 13. Reactions of organolithiums with epoxide 13 https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-attempted-modified-reductive-alkylation-with-2-dg0334ig.png Table 15. Attempted modified reductive alkylation with 2-thienyllithiuma https://scispace.com/papers/the-real-effects-of-asset-market-bubbles-loan-and-firm-level-2m5qv3g3d5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-2fqbsnmy.png Table 1. Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-top-lender-s-real-estate-exposure-and-firm-20ecwtxw.png Table 4. The Top Lender's Real Estate Exposure and Firm Valuation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bank-real-estate-exposure-and-lending-3csi8lrb.png Table 2. Bank Real Estate Exposure and Lending https://scispace.com/papers/the-real-effects-of-relationship-lending-3jtb5ufhed 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-instrumental-variable-estimates-of-the-real-effects-1jq9bqu9.png Table 11: Instrumental variable estimates of the real effects of relationship lending https://scispace.com/figures/table-a11-real-effects-of-firm-heterogeneity-on-relationship-3knle4av.png Table A11: Real effects of firm heterogeneity on relationship lending: triple interaction https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-bank-firm-relationship-level-3utqed10.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics: Bank-firm relationship level https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-firm-level-283c2als.png Table 2: Descriptive Statistics: Firm level https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-the-real-effects-of-relationship-lending-in-the-3ldcy3y5.png Table 12: The real effects of relationship lending in the cross-section of pre-crisis interest rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-effects-of-firm-heterogeneity-on-relationship-1lvqrjn5.png Table 6: Effects of firm heterogeneity on relationship lending at the relationship level https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-real-effects-of-relationship-lending-at-the-firm-3abze5in.png Table 15: Real effects of Relationship lending at the firm level: Weighted by log value added. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effects-of-bank-heterogeneity-on-relationship-3fdurqat.png Table 5: Effects of bank heterogeneity on relationship lending at the relationship level https://scispace.com/papers/the-real-exchange-rate-and-development-theory-evidence-503i3kopxe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rer-misalignment-japanese-yen-3cbc6boa.png Figure 4: RER Misalignment, Japanese Yen https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-misalignment-using-different-data-sources-ifs-vs-33lwptgc.png Figure 6: Misalignment using Different Data Sources: IFS vs. PWT for Mexican peso https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rer-undervaluation-and-growth-10uhpnkd.png Table 3: RER Undervaluation and Growth https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-distribution-of-undervaluation-17tao54l.png Figure 7: Distribution of Undervaluation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlation-analysis-of-rer-measures-y7vjtxij.png Table 1: Correlation Analysis of RER measures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-median-levels-of-differentiated-good-exports-by-1zjhwawn.png Figure 3: Median Levels of Differentiated Good Exports by Income Levels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-median-share-of-high-skill-goods-in-total-exports-1ocag0hg.png Figure 2: Median Share of High-Skill Goods in Total Exports https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-review-of-empirical-studies-on-rer-and-development-3i35cnop.png Table 2: Review of Empirical Studies on RER and Development https://scispace.com/papers/the-real-effects-of-credit-default-swaps-31pr4xe0nj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-simulated-regressions-for-the-determinants-of-the-2nyac4ht.png Table 11: Simulated regressions for the determinants of the hedge ratio. This table presents simulated regression results for the determinants of the bondholders’ hedge ratio. The dependent variable is the hedge ratio h. The independent variables are Market leverage (b0/(b0+v)) and Q–Ratio ((v + b0)/k0). The numerical procedure to solve the model and to simulate data is described in Appendix A. We simulate 2,000 firms over 1,000 periods and only keep firms after they enter the economy following the exit of another firm. The numbers in parentheses denote standard errors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparative-statics-with-respect-to-the-productivity-ojeszc42.png Fig. 6. Comparative statics with respect to the productivity shock z: Large firm, no debt. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-firm-owners-default-decision-tree-for-b-0-22ugbne8.png Fig. 2. Firm owner’s default decision tree (for b > 0) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparative-statics-with-respect-to-the-productivity-20ty74ya.png Fig. 7. Comparative statics with respect to the productivity shock z: Small firm, high debt. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-economy-with-and-without-cdss-simulated-moments-of-2odna9g7.png Table 3: Economy with and without CDSs: Simulated Moments of Key Metrics. This table provides unconditional sample moments for the following variables: firm value (v +m0); assets (k); book value of current debt (b); market value of new debt (m0); ex dividend equity value (v); hedge ratio (h); investment rate ((k0 k(1 ))/k); EBITDA/assets (⇡/k); payouts/assets ((⇡+k(1 ) k0 b+m0)/k); Q–ratio ((v + b0)/k0); leverage (b0/(b0 + v)); change in debt/assets ((b0 b)/k); credit spread (b0/m (1 + r), in basis points); renegotiation (annual frequency of renegotiation); liquidation (the annual frequency of liquidation); and abandonment (the percentage of times the firm ceases to exists because the asset is negative while there is no debt). The columns report several unconditional moments (“SD” is the standard deviation) and unconditional percentiles based on simulation using the base parameters shown in Table 2. All moments are reported on an annual basis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-base-case-parameter-values-this-table-provides-the-3te3b4sn.png Table 2: Base Case Parameter Values. This table provides the base case parameters used in the simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-summary-statistics-for-the-dtcc-sample-this-sample-2db1g2bx.png Table 12: Summary statistics for the DTCC sample. This sample is created by merging firms in the DTCC database with firms in our Compustat/CRSP sample in Table 1. The main variable is NetNotional/Debt, a proxy for the hedge ratio, defined as the net notional amount of CDS contracts outstanding for firm i in year t, divided by the sum of debt in current liabilities and long-term debt. The other variables are Market leverage (total liabilities divided by the sum of total liabilities and the market value of equity), Q–Ratio (the sum of market equity, debt in current liabilities, and long-term debt, divided by total assets), Non-fixed assets (1 - net PPE / total assets), and Size (log of total assets). The sample period starts in 2008, which is when the DTCC started publishing the amount of CDSs outstanding, and ends in 2013, as in the body of the paper. NetNotional/Debt, Q–Ratio, and Size are winsorized at the 1% and the 99% levels. Market leverage and Non-fixed assets are truncated at zero and one. The variables NetNotional and Debt are measured in USD millions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-low-payout-ratio-in-the-simulated-economy-we-select-3vgvrgpq.png Table 7: Low Payout Ratio. In the simulated economy, we select observations with a payout ratio in the bottom tercile group. This table provides sample moments for the following variables: firm value (v+m0); assets (k); book value of current debt (b); market value of new debt (m0); ex dividend equity value (v); hedge ratio (h); investment rate ((k0 k(1 ))/k); EBITDA/assets (⇡/k); payouts/assets ((⇡ + k(1 ) k0 b + m0)/k); Q–ratio ((v + b0)/k0); market leverage (b0/(b0 + v)); change in debt/assets ((b0 b)/k); credit spread (b0/m (1 + r), in basis points); renegotiation (annual frequency of renegotiation); liquidation (annual frequency of liquidation). All moments are reported on an annual basis. https://scispace.com/papers/the-reasonable-justice-an-empirical-analysis-of-frank-2mala6vnh1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-liberal-voting-all-appeals-by-term-qrxdibs5.png FIGURE 4 Liberal voting, all appeals, by term https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-estimated-ideal-points-of-the-united-states-supreme-3r91ofgd.png FIGURE 1 Estimated ideal points of the United States Supreme Court (2000 term). Source: Andrew D. Martin & Kevin M. Quinn, ‘Applied Bayesian Inference in R using MCMCpack’ ,http:// www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~kquinn/papers/Rnews05.pdf. 4; printed with permission. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-liberal-voting-percentages-of-justices-september-2p9ogk2i.png TABLE 1 Liberal voting – Percentages of justices (September 1990–June 2004)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-ideal-points-scc-charter-appeals-january-yep2akbs.png TABLE 3 Estimated ideal points, SCC, Charter appeals (January 1991–June 2004) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimated-ideal-points-scc-criminal-appeals-january-34qjzavz.png TABLE 4 Estimated ideal points, SCC, criminal appeals (January 1991–June 2004) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-ideal-points-scc-all-appeals-january-1991-26ejo0wi.png TABLE 2 Estimated ideal points, SCC, all appeals (January 1991–June 2004) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-liberal-voting-iacobucci-charter-1990-2004-2l3fj0i0.png FIGURE 5 Liberal voting, Iacobucci, Charter (1990–2004) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-liberal-voting-iacobucci-criminal-1990-2004-1h2dtq4q.png FIGURE 6 Liberal voting, Iacobucci, Criminal (1990–2004) https://scispace.com/papers/the-real-effects-of-sharing-economy-evidence-from-airbnb-vx56acdnxq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-16398clw.png Table 1: Summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-effect-of-airbnb-on-household-income-by-1qsd5d0d.png Table 8: The Effect of Airbnb on Household Income by Different Income Class https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effect-of-airbnb-on-hotel-performance-ols-1hwb2ylg.png Table 2: The Effect of Airbnb on Hotel Performance: OLS Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-second-stage-of-2sls-regressions-the-effect-of-1o4gi8yc.png Table 4: Second Stage of 2SLS Regressions: The Effect of Airbnb on Hotel Performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-first-stage-of-2sls-regressions-the-effect-of-vc-f6p42gwj.png Table 3: First Stage of 2SLS Regressions: The Effect of VC Financing on Airbnb This table presents first-stage results of 2SLS regressions estimating equation (1). We use VC financing index at period t-3 as instrument variable for Ln(Airbnb listings) at period t. Ln(Airbnb listings) is measured by the natural logarithm of the number of Airbnb listings in a county in a month. VC financing index is 0 before any round of financing, 1 since the first round, 2 since the second round, until 9 since the ninth round. Control variables include median household income, population, unemployment rate and median housing values. Median household income, population and median housing values are in the form of natural logarithm. We also include county fixed effect, age fixed effect, and first year-month fixed effect. For each county, age is measured by the number of months since the first listing posted on Airbnb platform; first year-month is measured by the year-month of the county’s first listing posted on Airbnb platform. All variables are winsorized at 1st and 99th percentiles. Standard errors are clustered at county level, and are reported in parentheses. ***, **, and * indicate significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% levels, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-effect-of-airbnb-on-employment-by-different-2eusubz2.png Table 6: The Effect of Airbnb on Employment by Different Education https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-effect-of-airbnb-on-employment-this-table-r4nd835l.png Table 5: The Effect of Airbnb on Employment This table presents the results of 2SLS regressions estimating equation (2). We use VC financing index as instrument variable for No. of Airbnb listings. In column (1), we report the first-stage results and under identification test and weak identification test results. In columns (2), (3), and (4), we use unemployment rate, the number of employed, and labor force as dependent variable in each column, respectively. Dependent variables one-year lead independent and instrument variables. Ln(Airbnb listings) is measured by the natural logarithm of the number of Airbnb listings in a county in a year. VC financing index is 0 before any round of financing, 1 since the first round, 2 since the second round, until 9 since the ninth round. Control variables include median household income, population and median housing values. Median household income, population and median housing values are in the form of natural logarithm. All specifications include county fixed effect. All variables are winsorized at 1st and 99th percentiles. Standard errors are clustered at county level and are reported in parentheses. ***, **, and * indicate significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% levels, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-the-effect-of-airbnb-on-employment-by-different-2t9sfqsq.png Table 9: The Effect of Airbnb on Employment by Different Industry https://scispace.com/papers/the-recent-evolution-of-pension-funds-in-the-netherlands-the-515wlpc7nv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ordering-of-pension-funds-according-to-type-of-2plw0aja.png Table 2. Ordering of pension funds according to type of pension plan https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-funding-ratio-dutch-pension-funds-2000-2005-a0q3b4fa.png Table 3. Average funding ratio Dutch pension funds (2000-2005) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-indexation-in-a-sample-of-dutch-pension-plans-2004-2pxrplv0.png Table 6. Indexation in a sample of Dutch pension plans (2004-2005) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-relative-shares-of-db-and-dc-plans-in-total-active-10w8gq4g.png Table 5. Relative shares of DB and DC plans in total active membership in Dutch pension plans https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-operational-costs-of-life-insurance-companies-and-1u1k85es.png Table 11. Operational costs of life insurance companies and pension funds (ave. 2000-2004) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-summary-results-of-alm-analysis-jy7nd7u2.png Table 9. Summary results of ALM analysis* https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-value-redistribution-between-generations-over-2005-2zuj994u.png Fig 1: Value redistribution between generations over 2005-2026 when switching from traditional DB plan to hybrid DB-DC plan or to collective DC plan https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-alm-results-for-pension-plan-variants-1of21pkl.png Table 8. ALM results for pension-plan variants https://scispace.com/papers/the-reasons-for-the-high-power-density-of-fuel-cells-5geieunzz3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-high-frequency-resistances-measured-at-0-5-a-cm-2-and-31kjjful.png Fig. 3. High frequency resistances measured at 0.5 A cm 2 and 3.2 kHz vs. thickness for DMD fuel cells with 1e4 layers of Nafion coating and reference CCMs. Operation conditions were: H2/air 1.5/2.5 stoichiometric flow, 80 C, 90% RH, ambient pressure. Linear fits (dotted lines) were obtained by the least squares method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sem-image-of-the-membrane-catalyst-layer-interface-of-27klqvv3.png Fig. 4. SEM image of the membrane|catalyst layer-interface of a cryo-fractured DMD at 10 kV. The catalyst layer appears to possess no dark pores within a few hundred nm close to the membrane, indicating that this region is infiltrated with ionomer during the membrane deposition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-h2-n2-impedance-spectra-of-a-dmd-fuel-cell-and-two-3cbbb1y4.png Fig. 5. H2/N2-Impedance spectra of a DMD fuel cell and two references (CCM and GDE). The real part of the 45 -slope at high frequencies (also marked below the real axis) corresponds to a third of the ionic resistance of the catalyst layer. Operation conditions were H2/N2 0.25/0.25 slpm fixed flow, 80 C, 50% RH, ambient pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-polarization-data-and-power-densities-of-the-dmd-ccm-1odszntc.png Fig. 7. Polarization data and power densities of the DMD, CCM and GDE fuel cells (reference membranes: Nafion NR-211). Operation conditions were: H2/O2 0.25/0.5 l/ min fixed flow, 80 C, 90% RH, ambient pressure, 0.1 mg/cm2 Pt-loading (anode/ cathode). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-cathode-side-of-a-fuel-cell-and-2kop03de.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the cathode side of a fuel cell and equivalent circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-low-frequency-minus-high-frequency-resistances-rlf-hf-m9ys8cqb.png Fig. 6. Low frequency minus high frequency resistances RLF HF (a) and impedance spectra (bed) of a DMD fuel cell and two reference cells (CCM and GDE): at 0.1 A cm 2 all samples have comparable charge transfer resistances, b) at 0.5 A cm 2 the GDE fuel cell shows a typical 45 -slope indicating considerable ionic resistance in the catalyst layer and c) at 2.2 A cm 2 mass transport losses become observable as a second low frequency arc. Operation conditions were: H2/O2 0.25/0.5 l/min fixed flow, 80 C, 90% RH, ambient pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distribution-of-measured-thicknesses-of-a-direct-3nfqkoe1.png Fig. 2. Distribution of measured thicknesses of a direct deposited membrane and a 7 mm cross-section of the cryo-fractured DMD fuel cell. https://scispace.com/papers/the-recent-romanian-accounting-reforms-another-case-of-i0j3w247nx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-contents-of-chapter-1-volume-1-of-romanian-smg6o7pd.png Table 1: Contents of Chapter 1, Volume 1 of Romanian Accounting Regulations (403/1999) https://scispace.com/papers/the-redox-biology-of-redox-inert-zinc-ions-4jh6hxn1gu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-buffering-of-cellular-zinc-three-regions-can-be-2vfczwfp.png Figure 3 The buffering of cellular zinc. Three regions can be identified (from right to left): a range where not enough zinc ions are available either to provide proteins with zinc or to support regulatory functions of zinc, an optimal range where such functions are supported, and a range where the zinc ion concentrations are too high and interfere with proteins that normally do not depend on zinc. https://scispace.com/papers/the-reduced-prevalence-of-macrolide-resistance-in-mycoplasma-4lpwpf0wus 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mic90-range-of-five-antimicrobial-agents-against-78-1i36yjpw.png Table 2 MIC90 range of five antimicrobial agents against 78 M. pneumoniae clinical isolates and M129 270 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-rate-of-macrolide-resistance-in-pediatric-1hme39gv.png Table 1 The rate of macrolide resistance in pediatric patients with MP infection in 2016 in 267 Beijing 268 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-age-distribution-of-mp-infection-in-pediatric-1fysfop5.png Fig. 1 The age distribution of MP infection in pediatric patients 263 https://scispace.com/papers/the-regional-economic-impact-of-more-graduates-in-the-labour-3q8pvkdcmx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-long-run-increase-in-scottish-grp-in-response-to-16ti2p8a.png Table 2. The long-run increase in Scottish GRP in response to the productivity stimulus. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-long-run-scottish-grp-increase-for-alternative-12k9oq1j.png Table 3. The long-run Scottish GRP increase for alternative retention rate assumptions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-impact-of-the-increasing-graduate-composition-14za7hdz.png Figure 3. The impact of the increasing graduate composition of the labour force on Scottish GRP (% change from base year values). WP indicates the wage premium. FL and MYP indicate forward looking and myopic agents, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-projected-share-of-graduates-in-the-scottish-labour-2nvs1rex.png Figure 2. Projected share of graduates in the Scottish labour force. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-impact-of-the-increasing-graduate-composition-4cgq94z1.png Figure 4. The impact of the increasing graduate composition of the labour force on Scottish employment (% change from base year values). WP indicates the wage premium. FL and MYP indicate forward looking and myopic agents, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-impact-of-alternative-participation-rate-2v2vgvh2.png Table 4. The impact of alternative participation rate assumptions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-higher-education-cohort-age-participation-index-iinb8uru.png Figure 1. Higher Education Cohort-Age Participation Index, Scotland, 1983/84-2009/10. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-long-run-impacts-of-a-3-6-increase-in-labour-12z9sqbg.png Table 1. Long-run impacts of a 3.6% increase in labour productivity (% changes from base). https://scispace.com/papers/the-reference-point-in-dynamic-prospect-based-user-5btvkag82n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-route-flows-rmse-and-gap-values-under-prospect-based-2duebwna.png Table 2: Route flows, RMSE and Gap values under Prospect-based User Equilibrium conditions for six settings of the reference point T od0 . The results for the DUE and SUE are also listed. These results correspond to the descent step iteration j = 30. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-models-ids-for-the-due-sue-and-the-implementation-of-l75npbmt.png Table 3: Models IDs for the DUE, SUE and the implementation of Prospect Theory considering the reference points defined in Eq. 4 to Eq. 7. Three δod values are considered. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-vehicles-outflow-qout-as-function-of-the-total-1jvxhxej.png Figure 10: Vehicles outflow (Qout) as function of the Total Travel Time (TTT) and αQout versus αTTT . (i) The results are depicted for the DUE, SUE and three settings of Prospect Theory considering the reference points defined in Eq. 4 to Eq. 6. (ii) The results are depicted for the three settings of Prospect Theory as in (i) compared to the benchmarks DUE and SUE. (iii) The results are depicted for the DUE, SUE and three settings of Prospect Theory considering the reference point defined in Eq. 7 and three values of δod = 0, 1,∞. (iv) The results are depicted for the three settings of δod compared to the benchmarks DUE and SUE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-value-function-vk-tk-right-probability-32l3zqyi.png Figure 1: Left: Value function vk(tk). Right: Probability weighting function ω(pk). These functions are defined by Kahneman and Tversky (1979) and Tversky and Kahneman (1992). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-manhattan-network-the-origins-are-shown-by-the-2lcok5yi.png Figure 5: Manhattan network. The origins are shown by the indicators from o1 to o6 and the destinations from d1 to d6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-average-route-travel-time-distributions-for-the-due-3tuil8ji.png Figure 8: Average route travel time distributions for the DUE, SUE and different settings of Prospect Theory (see Table 3 for more details). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distributions-of-travel-times-value-function-v-tk-321wwvnu.png Figure 4: Distributions of travel times, value function v(tk), probability distributions pk and time prospects Xk(tk) for three settings of the reference point defined in Eq. 7. The results in red refer to route 1, in green to route 2 and in blue to route 3. Three values of δod are considered: 0, 0.5 and 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nomenclature-used-in-this-paper-qqxih5hm.png Table 1: Nomenclature used in this paper. https://scispace.com/papers/the-refugee-crisis-and-the-reinvigoration-of-the-nation-5go6rfaru7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-asylum-applications-2006-2017-per-thousand-39jqt65x.png Figure 1 Asylum applications 2006–2017 per thousand inhabitants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variations-within-europe-in-asylum-seeking-per-1wok6wuv.png Table 1 Variations within Europe in asylum seeking, per capita income and employment gaps of non-EU migrants and refugees. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gap-in-employment-rate-between-native-born-and-non-1mspk38r.png Figure 2 Gap in employment rate between native born and non-EU-28 migrants, 2017 (percentage points). https://scispace.com/papers/the-regulation-of-autophagy-by-calcium-signals-do-we-have-a-4er2ry0mqm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-of-naadp-signalling-and-tpcs-on-autophagy-in-me4da8tk.png Table 3. Effects of NAADP signalling and TPCs on autophagy in various cell types. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evidence-for-cytosolic-ca2-signals-stimulating-bia7phro.png Table 1. Evidence for cytosolic Ca2+ signals stimulating autophagy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-reported-states-of-autophagy-in-dt40-3c5weqj6.png Table 2. Summary of the reported states of autophagy in DT40 cells devoid of IP3R expression. https://scispace.com/papers/the-regulation-of-constructive-learning-processes-1gd4ux7tbq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-scales-of-the-inventory-of-leaming-styles-ils-ou-1ohtvw12.png Table 1. Scales of the Inventory of Leaming Styles (ILS) (OU-version) and sample items https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-items-n-internal-consistency-cronbach-3is7y2o3.png Table 2. Number of items (N), internal consistency (Cronbach alpha), mean item means (M items), mean item standard deviation (SD items) of ILS scales foT open university (OU) students (N = 654) and regular university (RU) students (N = 795), and test-retest correlations (rt-rt) of ILS scales with an interval of 13~ weeks foT open university students (N = 151)1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-beta-weights-of-regulation-strategies-mentalleaming-23uhzr6i.png Table 4. Beta-weights of regulation strategies, mentalleaming models and leaming orientations as predictors of processing strategies foT open university students (N = 654; d.f. = 15,637) and regular university students (N = 795; d.f. = 15,774), based on the total regression model, and significance levels of the F-values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-model-of-the-regulation-of-constructive-learning-2wtnlw8q.png Figure 1. A model of the regulation of constructive learning processes https://scispace.com/papers/the-relation-between-black-hole-mass-and-velocity-dispersion-3x55skh7cw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-relevant-measurements-2c16s4l8.png Table 1. Summary of relevant measurements https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-black-hole-mass-velocity-dispersion-relation-at-z-0-37-r04h2ugv.png Fig. 3.— Black hole mass velocity dispersion relation at z ∼ 0.37 (solid squares with error bars). The local relations by Merritt & Ferrarese (2001) and Tremaine et al. (2002) are also shown as solid and dashed lines. Since the latter adopts a slightly different definition of velocity dispersion, it is overplotted without corrections for comparison purposes only. Local AGN from Ferrarese et al. (2001) are shown as open points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-hb-width-determination-the-black-line-is-1pbx79ni.png Fig. 2.— Example of Hβ width determination. The black line is the original spectrum after continuum subtraction. The cyan and green lines are the narrow components of [O III]λ4959 and Hβ respectively, obtained by rescaling and blueshifting [O III]λ5007. The red spectrum is the residual broad line used to compute the rms width. The yellow line underneath [O III]λ5007 is the reflection of the corresponding blue part of Hβ around its centroid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-portion-of-the-spectra-used-to-measure-bulge-1wyzwvht.png Fig. 1.— Portion of the spectra used to measure bulge kinematics. The black line is the data, the red lines is the best fit, shaded areas indicate regions masked out during the fit. https://scispace.com/papers/the-relation-between-treatment-outcome-and-efavirenz-fh140ascyl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-relation-of-efavirenz-ctrough-to-the-log10-decline-369z867u.png Fig. 1 The relation of efavirenz Ctrough to the log10 decline in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-RNA at week 4. The thick dotted line denotes the suggested efficacy cut-off of 1,000 ng/ml, whereas the thin line denotes 800 ng/ml, below which there is a trend towards lower antiviral potency (excluding the patient without detectable EFV). Ctrough Plasma concentration at the end of the dosing interval, just prior to the next dose https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-mean-on-treatment-increase-in-serum-bilirubin-s-3j5xrbj3.png Fig. 3 The mean on-treatment increase in serum bilirubin (s-bilirubin) from baseline in patients treated with ATV, by virological success or failure. Dashed line s-bilirubin level of 25 μmol/l https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-relation-of-atazanavir-ctrough-to-the-log10-1s85gu3d.png Fig. 2 The relation of atazanavir Ctrough to the log10 decline in HIVRNA at week 4. The dotted line denotes the suggested efficacy cut-off of 150 ng/ml https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-253ha98i.png Table 1 Baseline characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-drug-concentrations-at-weeks-4-12-and-48-in-the-3qw7d5a6.png Table 2 Drug concentrations at weeks 4, 12 and 48 in the respective treatment groups, and proportion of samples suggesting efficacy cut-offs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-relation-of-lopinavir-ctrough-to-the-log10-decline-2jsl2i7k.png Fig. 4 The relation of lopinavir Ctrough to the log10 decline in HIVRNA at week 4. Dotted line Suggested efficacy cut-off of 1000 ng/ml https://scispace.com/papers/the-relation-between-young-children-s-physiological-arousal-37k15fqohh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-data-and-model-line-for-the-main-statistical-1gcqq17n.png Fig. 3. The data and model line for the main statistical analysis. The solid center line shows the modeled change in pupil dilation. The x-axis represents the change in pupil dilation from baseline (at the beginning of the test trial) to immediately after children saw the adult needing help but just before they had the opportunity to help. Negative values indicate that children's pupil dilation before helping was lower than their initial baseline level of internal arousal. The greater children's change in pupil dilation, the more likely they were to help the adult. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-order-of-events-within-each-study-qgm0kt35.png Fig. 2. The order of events within each study. https://scispace.com/papers/the-relations-between-lower-and-higher-level-comprehension-2rjz4g16xn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-standard-deviations-and-range-of-scores-for-prwy3my0.png Table 1 Means, Standard Deviations, and Range of Scores for General Ability, and Language Skills https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-interrelations-between-measures-at-time-1-and-3j49mehb.png Table 2 Interrelations Between Measures at Time 1 and Longitudinal Correlations with Reading Comprehension https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-among-integrin-alpha-7-cd133-and-nestin-as-2ihfyr8f8f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1y7nmosa.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1j6lprhr.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1w6cs994.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2parvamu.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1jwovp7d.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-adjustment-and-bereavement-related-6j08qctn9c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlations-for-indicators-of-bereavement-distress-uuy8docj.png Table 1 Correlations for indicators of Bereavement Distress and Adjustment https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-consumption-of-beverages-and-tooth-2cvp82ez52 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-tooth-wear-by-age-gender-and-race-2cueempf.png Figure 1. Distribution of tooth wear by age, gender, and race/ethnicity (n = 3,773). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-weighted-bivariate-and-multivariable-logistic-1jvrl1d0.png Table 3. Weighted Bivariate and Multivariable Logistic Regression for Factors Associated with Consumption of Different Beverages on the Prevalence and Severity of Tooth Wear (without Other Race/Ethnicity) (n = 2,408) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bivariate-relationship-between-prevalence-severity-3pdqx9je.png Table 2. Bivariate Relationship between Prevalence, Severity, and the Consumption of Different Beverages and Tooth Wear https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prevalence-and-severity-of-tooth-wear-by-demographic-1s9miccl.png Table 1. Prevalence and Severity of Tooth Wear by Demographic Variables https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-country-and-individual-household-4u3htldvjp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gni-per-capita-and-readiness-score-by-country-317-3emk7xs2.png Figure 2: GNI per capita and readiness score by country 317  318 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multiple-linear-regression-models-of-regional-292662r7.png Table 3. Multiple linear regression models of regional climate change concerns (n=162 399  regional-level observations) 400 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-1-3-below-further-illustrate-the-negative-uqyqb6ad.png Figures 1-3 below further illustrate the negative relationship between wealth and climate 304  change concern. Figure 1 illustrates the negative relationship between wealth (horizontal axis) 305  and climate change concern (vertical axis) at the country level: households living in wealthier 306  countries exhibit, on average, a lower level of climate change concern. 307 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gni-per-capita-households-annual-income-and-climate-3f73gfmr.png Table 1. GNI per capita, households’ annual income and climate change concern 301 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gni-per-capita-and-mean-climate-change-concern-by-3lt8u3tm.png Figure 1: GNI per capita and mean climate change concern by country 309 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multi-level-linear-models-of-respondents-climate-1xbg525o.png Table 2. Multi-level linear models of respondents’ climate change beliefs combining 347  fixed and random parameters (n=10,162 household-level observations) 348 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-households-annual-income-and-climate-change-concern-1fmtyqbi.png Figure 4: Households’ annual income and climate change concern (n=162) 330 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-illustrates-that-higher-average-regional-adoption-3nbnw3b8.png Figure 5 illustrates that higher average regional adoption of costly actions (energy efficiency-331  improving equipment) is negatively related to average regional climate change concern. 332 https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-cultural-tightness-looseness-and-2nlerfpcdu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-research-model-1ukd5ld9.png Fig. 1 Research model https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-the-moderation-analysis-based-on-the-effect-of-200oxe8z.png Table 13 The moderation analysis based on the effect of tightness-looseness (TL) on product-market innovativeness with respect to Turkey and Italy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-graphical-representation-of-the-regression-equation-7o1kmetl.png Fig. 2 Graphical representation of the regression equation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-factor-loadings-of-organizational-innovativeness-3sgut7x1.png Table 3 Factor loadings of organizational innovativeness scale https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-the-effect-of-tightness-looseness-tl-on-product-3aorxpi0.png Table 10 The effect of tightness-looseness (TL) on product-market ınnovativeness (Italian sample) https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-the-effect-of-tightness-looseness-tl-on-process-3biwd51w.png Table 11 The effect of tightness-looseness (TL) on process innovativeness (Italian sample) https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-the-effect-of-tightness-looseness-tl-on-behavioral-86n66gvu.png Table 12 The effect of tightness-looseness (TL) on behavioral innovativeness (Italian sample) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-graphical-representation-of-the-regression-equation-382wjcvl.png Fig. 3 Graphical representation of the regression equation https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-irrigation-induced-electrical-loads-49g8v1uoad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-drought-factor-df-and-irrigation-load-zsufsvvc.png Fig. 4 Comparison of Drought Factor (DF) and Irrigation Load. Each colour represents a growing year (July to June). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-gam-fits-of-irrigation-load-vs-drought-factor-df-shown-2i9579yg.png Fig. 5 GAM fits of Irrigation Load vs. Drought Factor (DF), shown as a difference from the mean load. Grey shading represents the 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-soil-dryness-index-sdi-and-irrigation-2s15y2o3.png Fig. 3 Comparison of Soil Dryness Index (SDI) and Irrigation Load. Each colour represents a growing year (July to June). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-irrigation-load-compared-to-drought-factor-df-for-all-77aoljtt.png Fig. 6 Irrigation load compared to Drought Factor (DF) for all data, separated by ‘growing year’. The black line is the mean of all irrigation seasons post 2007. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-irrigation-load-compared-to-drought-factor-df-and-z46quua0.png Fig. 7 Irrigation load compared to Drought Factor (DF) and rainfall for each of the irrigation seasons 2004-2015. The irrigation load (green line) is normalised to the maximum load of that growing year. The DF (brown line) is normalised to 10. Rainfall (blue points) are binned and normalised to the max-bin (bins: 0, 0-2, 2-3.5, 3.5-5.5, 5.5-9, 9-15.5 and 15.5+ mm, representing 0-75, 75-80, 80-85, 90-95, 95-100 percentiles). https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-interpregnancy-interval-ip-and-4ovmzshaep 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-interpregnancy-interval-ipi-of-the-current-neonate-2ergmcdi.png Table 3. Interpregnancy interval (IPI) of the current neonate and mother’s preceding pregnancy, 287 at parity 2. 288 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-interpregnancy-interval-ipi-sex-of-the-current-2qbjglfd.png Table 2. Interpregnancy Interval (IPI), sex of the current neonate and mother’s parity. 284 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-interpregnancy-interval-of-the-neonate-born-after-248sfais.png Table 5. Interpregnancy Interval of the neonate born after same-sex preceding pregnancies 295 (SSPP) or opposite-sex preceding pregnancies (OSPP). 296 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-participants-in-the-1pawu840.png Table 1. Characteristics of the participants in the Interpregnancy Interval Study. 281 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-interpregnancy-interval-ipi-of-the-current-neonate-2ajks0kt.png Table 4. Interpregnancy Interval (IPI) of the current neonate and mother’s preceding 291 pregnancies. 292 https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-effective-molarity-and-affinity-2wo8h1ssp0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-protein-expression-plasmids-107ehyoc.png Table 1. Protein expression plasmids https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-kinetic-parameters-for-covalently-tethered-xk9d0hwy.png Table 2. Kinetic parameters for covalently tethered complexesa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-non-covalent-tethering-enhances-the-rate-of-14sxgl8t.png Figure 5. Non-covalent tethering enhances the rate of phosphorylation and depends on the relationship between effective molarity and KD (A) Schematic of a model scaffold with a non-covalent tether that recruits a substrate to a kinase. The kinase is fused to SYNZIP6 (PKA-SYNZIP6) and the substrate is fused to SYNZIP5, which interact to form the tethered complex. In the corresponding free reaction, we used a kinase without SYNZIP6. (B) Plot of kobs vs. [substrate] for the tethered and free reactions for [substrate] < 0.06 µM. At concentrations below the effective molarity, the values of kobs for the tethered reaction are significantly larger than the untethered reaction. The solid red line is a fit to a kinetic model (Scheme 1 and Supporting Information) that includes a contribution from kintra, which accurately fits the tethered reaction data. The dotted lines are fits to a model where kobs = (kcat/KM)[S] (this linear fit forces the line through zero). Both fits include data at higher substrate concentrations (full dataset is shown in panel C), and for the tethered reaction this linear model fails to account for the observed rate increase at low substrate concentrations. For the untethered reaction, the data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reactivity-depends-on-the-structural-properties-of-2yoebf8r.png Figure 2. Reactivity depends on the structural properties of the assembly https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-intermolecular-reactions-readily-outcompete-the-226rghko.png Figure 3. Intermolecular reactions readily outcompete the covalently tethered reaction. (A) Schematic of the tethered (4 aa linker) and free reaction and corresponding plot of kobs vs. [substrate] for the tethered (red) and free (black) reactions. Inset is marked with light blue rectangle. The observed effective molarity is 0.08 µM. (B) Schematic of a competitive reaction with both tethered (4 aa linker) and free substrates present, and corresponding plot of kobs vs. [substrate] for the tethered (red) and free (black) reactions. Inset is marked with light blue rectangle. The observed effective molarity is 0.04 µM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-models-for-scaffold-mediated-kinase-reactions-1dnh5kg9.png Figure 1. Models for scaffold-mediated kinase reactions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-predicted-rates-versus-substrate-concentration-for-3s8182hh.png Figure 4. Predicted rates versus substrate concentration for various tethering strategies. https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-mexican-american-cultural-values-4s1r28fcur 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-domains-frequency-labels-and-core-ideas-2hdj117u.png Table 3 Domains, Frequency Labels, and Core Ideas https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-standard-deviations-and-intercorrelations-of-36lc8ryn.png Table 1 Means, Standard Deviations, and Intercorrelations of the Measures (N 124) https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-mixed-mode-ii-iii-delamination-and-4xknpnynac 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-material-properties-used-in-the-models-26vg9cdn.png Table 2 Material properties used in the models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-resin-microcracks-ahead-of-the-crack-tip-for-29cwajbc.png Figure 11 a) Resin microcracks ahead of the crack tip for different mode mixities, b) orientation of the microcracks in a width tapered ELS configuration c) schematic view of the microcracks in a width tapered ELS configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-fibre-dominated-lower-and-b-matrix-dominated-zgcg0rhq.png Figure 10 a) Fibre-dominated (lower) and b) matrix-dominated (upper) surface at the insert boundary at the specimen mid width (site A, Figure 8b) and fibre-dominated (lower) and b) matrix-dominated (upper) surface at the insert boundary at the specimen edge (site B, Figure 8b) of a typical specimen of Configuration 3 (-45°/+45°). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-fibre-dominated-lower-and-b-matrix-dominated-12kcjzae.png Figure 9 a) Fibre-dominated (lower) and b) matrix-dominated (upper) surfaces at the insert boundary at the specimen mid width (site A, Figure 8a) and fibre-dominated (lower) and b) matrix-dominated (upper) surface at the insert boundary at the specimen edge (site B, Figure 8a) of a typical specimen of Configuration 1 (90°/0°). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-specimen-tip-black-area-in-figure-3-nodal-positions-3hde109a.png Figure 4 Specimen tip (black area in Figure 3) Nodal positions for the calculation of a) one step VCCT b) one step VCCT with coordinade system aligned with the directing ply [7]. The red line indicates the crack front, above the line represents uncracked material. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mesh-used-for-a-initial-delamination-crack-b-2jtlpewm.png Figure 5 Mesh used for a) initial delamination crack, b) propagated delamination and c) through-the-thickness arrangement and boundary conditions applied at tip for delamination at ply interface 16th/17th. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-wtels-geometry-and-experimental-test-conditions-6-2jqngjl8.png Figure 3 WTELS geometry and experimental test conditions [6], dimensions in mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-predicted-energy-release-rate-distribution-along-12h88w8s.png Figure 6 Predicted energy release rate distribution along the initial crack front. The distance at the crack front is normalised to the total distance as shown in Figure 5a The vertical lines for Configuration 2 and 3 identify tge position where migration was observed experimentally. https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-passion-basic-psychological-needs-4smqnjeq4y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-significant-pearson-correlations-for-passion-basic-32bz2z39.png Table 2 Significant Pearson correlations for passion, basic needs and athlete burnout https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bootstrapping-results-for-the-total-indirect-effect-wazrfrg2.png Table 4 Bootstrapping results for the total indirect effect of passion on basic psychological needs (based on 5000 bootstrap samples). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-squared-standardized-beta-coefficients-f-3ur81f8p.png Table 3 Regression squared, Standardized Beta coefficients, F Values, and F-change scores for the relationship between passion, basic needs, and athlete burnout https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-network-morphology-and-conductivity-2qavcx2gst 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-approximate-scaling-of-conductivity-with-number-34hbvvjc.png FIG. 5. a Approximate scaling of conductivity with number density of inter-NT junctions. The dashed lines illustrate linear scaling as described by the attached equations. b Scaling of specific conductivity with the Raman ratio. The specific conductivity is the conductivity rescaled to represent the conductivity of a network produced from the same tubes but with mean bundle diameter D =2 nm and porosity P=0.5. This scaling demonstrates that the deviations from linearity in a can be correlated to the level of graphitization of the NTs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-commercial-nt-suppliers-and-the-nt-types-used-in-2bl9gkds.png TABLE I. Commercial NT suppliers and the NT types used in this work. Also shown are the NT purity as given by the suppliers’ website and the solvents used. NB the purity quoted is the fraction of the carbon in the material in the form of NTs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-raman-spectra-for-three-of-the-film-types-used-136ujaeg.png FIG. 1. Typical Raman spectra for three of the film types used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-image-of-the-surface-of-a-film-prepared-from-hipco-3s58ty4m.png FIG. 2. SEM image of the surface of a film prepared from HiPCO NTs in NMP. This image is representative of all the NT films made in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dependence-of-film-conductivity-on-both-nt-properties-2pq5drz2.png FIG. 3. Dependence of film conductivity on both NT properties and network properties. a Film conductivity as a function of Raman ratio showing scaling of conductivity with NT graphitization. b Film conductivity as a function of film porosity showing a decrease in conductivity for more porous films. c Film conductivity as a function of bundle diameter showing higher conductivity for more exfoliated films. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-computer-simulations-of-properties-of-random-networks-33oi5pu9.png FIG. 4. Computer simulations of properties of random networks of rods. a Calculations of mean number of junctions per rod as a function of volume fraction for three different ARs. Inset: mean number of junctions per rod as a function of volume fraction times AR showing universal scaling as predicted by Eq. 3 . b Calculations of the conductance of a network of N rods as a function of N, for three different ARs. G is expressed in units of G0 where G0 is the junction conductance. The fact that all curves asymptotically approach the dashed line linear scaling shows that the conductance scales with the number of junctions per unit volume NJ where NJ = N /2V, with V as the volume of the box containing the rods. Inset: The same data shown on a linear-linear plot. The dotted line represents G /G0 =8 10−42NJV. https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-qualitative-job-insecurity-and-ocb-2mjf18p0jr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-sample-characteristics-across-age-341j7mlo.png Table 1. Distribution of sample characteristics across age groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-standard-deviations-cronbachs-alphas-and-38baghtj.png Table 2. Means, standard deviations, Cronbach’s alphas and correlations across age groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-goodness-of-fit-indices-of-the-moderation-models-2tcabxpg.png Table 3. Goodness of fit indices of the moderation models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-results-of-the-hypothesized-measurement-and-1jwlarz5.png Figure 1. Results of the hypothesized measurement and structural path model. Standardized factor loadings (all p < .001 in step 1). Standardized structural coefficients (*p < .1; **p < .05; ***p < .001 in step 2). https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-retailers-targeting-and-e-commerce-4bvtvn6vkn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-relationship-between-socio-economic-status-and-the-134z4g78.png Table 6: Relationship between Socio-economic status and the provision of marketing facilities https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-relationship-between-socio-economic-status-and-the-qja0kdgp.png Table 5: Relationship between Socio-economic status and the provision of product information https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-one-way-anova-internet-adoption-and-the-gender-of-14xn146v.png Table 4: One-way ANOVA Internet Adoption and the gender of the target market https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-one-way-anova-between-internet-adoption-and-the-age-296z6dzm.png Table 3: One-way ANOVA between Internet Adoption and the age of the target market https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-extent-of-internet-adoption-wngd04qt.png Table 2: The Extent of Internet Adoption https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-relationship-between-socio-economic-status-and-tna9s27t.png Table 7: Relationship between Socio-economic status and ordering capability implementation https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-sensory-sensitivity-and-autistic-1xp9rnigda 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-of-aq-subscales-with-total-sensory-2p2hvzhx.png Table 2 – Correlations of AQ subscales with total sensory score https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-aq-and-gsq-scores-1wdp93uq.png Table 1 – Descriptive statistics for AQ and GSQ scores https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-correlation-between-total-sensory-score-measured-by-3gvs9du2.png Figure 1. Correlation between total sensory score (measured by the Sensory Questionnaire) and AQ score (measured by the Autism Spectrum Quotient; Baron-Cohen et al., 2001). Pearson correlation was positive (r = .775). https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-sight-loss-and-substance-use-users-1f0p0wkvw3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-sqf7x7nh.png Table 1: Sample characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-the-local-and-systemic-inflammatory-4kljz6qoqo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinicopathological-characteristics-and-survival-in-2vw6h74l.png Table 1. Clinicopathological characteristics and survival in patients undergoing potentially curative resection for renal cancer: univariate analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-inter-relationships-between-the-1vmp2zjs.png Table 2. The inter-relationships between the clinicopathological characteristics in patients undergoing potentially curative resection for renal cancer. https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-varicella-chickenpox-and-scarlet-1sngy0pz3m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-observed-scarlet-fever-cases-by-month-and-fitted-vn24598e.png Figure 2. Observed scarlet fever cases by month and fitted (estimated) regression model: March, 2011 to December, 2015. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graph-of-log-average-cases-per-month-for-scarlet-32t360g6.png Figure 1. Graph of log average cases per month for scarlet fever and varicella with LOWESS smoothing from March, 2011 to December, 2015. https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-the-site-of-metastases-and-outcome-2zy0jzof0v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-five-year-os-and-5-year-efs-2iwprdp0.png TABLE 2. Five-year OS and 5-year EFS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-survival-analysis-kaplan-meier-survival-analysis-is-1rzl89dl.png FIGURE 1. Survival analysis Kaplan-Meier survival analysis is shown with hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (in parenthesis). P-value was calculated with the log rank (Mantel-Cox) test. A, the subgroups with high-risk versus low/intermediate-risk histology are shown. The blastemal subgroup from SIOP 93-01 was assigned to the high-risk group (see text for details). Partial or complete response to preoperative chemotherapy versus stable disease or disease progression (B). C, compares metastatic disease isolated to 1 organ (lung or liver) versus 2 organs (lung and liver). D, surgery either alone or together with radiation is shown versus radiation alone. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overall-survival-and-event-free-survival-for-the-1454e7sf.png FIGURE 2. Overall survival and event-free survival for the total population. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-population-and-pertinent-data-21z6lf63.png TABLE 1. Patient Population and Pertinent Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-survivors-versus-nonsurvivors-i0nlal8l.png TABLE 3. Survivors Versus Nonsurvivors https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationships-between-internal-and-external-threats-and-1ghxtm220y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlations-between-t1-latent-variables-left-side-2qaq1zmc.png Table 1. Correlations between T1 latent variables (left side of the table) and T2 and T3 latent residuals (right side of the table; T2 above the diagonal, T3 below the diagonal). * p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001 https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-of-dielectric-response-and-water-activity-15zc8ssc7n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-chickpea-flour-adsorption-isotherm-at-40oc-taken-from-229qz0u5.png Fig. 5 - Chickpea flour adsorption isotherm at 40oC taken from Durakova & Menkov (2005) and loss factor at 40oC, at frequencies of 27MHz and 1.8GHz, taken from Guo et al. (2008) of Chickpea flour https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-chung-and-pfost-fit-desorption-isotherm-at-25oc-taken-1waij1hj.png Fig. 6 - Chung and Pfost fit desorption isotherm at 25oC taken from Samapundo et al. (2007) and loss factor at 24oC, 20MHz taken from Nelson (1979) for yellow dent corn https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-references-used-to-source-sorption-and-dielectric-2ghtyi92.png Table 3 - References used to source sorption and dielectric data for the present study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-desorption-isotherm-and-corresponding-loss-factor-at-31peldio.png Fig. 2 - Desorption isotherm and corresponding loss factor at 22oC of potato at 2.8GHz taken from Holtz et al. (2010) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-chickpea-flour-adsorption-isotherm-at-20oc-taken-from-w6rlit4b.png Fig. 4 - Chickpea flour adsorption isotherm at 20oC taken from Durakova & Menkov (2005) and loss factor at 20oC, at frequencies of 27MHz and 1.8GHz, taken from Guo et al. (2008) of Chickpea flour https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-critical-dielectric-moisture-content-and-moisture-3si8zk7a.png Table 2 - Critical dielectric moisture content and moisture content of point of inflection of loss factor corresponding to dilution of salts, compared to the transitional moisture contents of the state of the water as defined by the sorption isotherm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-adsorption-isotherm-and-corresponding-loss-factor-at-fq6jzojv.png Fig. 1 - Adsorption isotherm and corresponding loss factor at 25oC of freeze dried potato at 3GHz taken from Mudgett et al. (1980) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-desorption-isotherm-at-60oc-taken-from-kaymak-ertekin-2tt8dhqt.png Fig. 8 - Desorption isotherm at 60oC taken from Kaymak-Ertekin & Gedik (2004) and loss factor at 60oC taken from Martin-Esparza et al. (2006) of apples at 2.45GHz https://scispace.com/papers/the-relative-age-effect-and-success-in-german-elite-u-17-1m80vkb5ck 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-relation-between-ranks-and-medians-of-birth-2gftehyw.png Figure 3. The relation between ranks and medians of birth dates of 41 teams in Germany’s three U17 first leagues (Spearman’s =.328, P=.036). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-impact-of-rae-in-german-u17-first-league-clubs-n-41-1lpj0fuq.png Table I. Impact of RAE in German U17 First League Clubs (n=41) on success variables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-monthly-distribution-of-birth-dates-of-players-from-21jrf6dy.png Figure 2. Monthly distribution of birth dates of players from the three German U17 first leagues in the 2008/09 season. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-observed-and-expected-distribution-function-of-gn3rbo64.png Figure 1. Observed and expected distribution function of birth dates of 911 German U17 2008/09 First League soccer players. The maximum difference (K-S statistics) is 20.71% at June, 6th (P<.01). https://scispace.com/papers/the-relative-importance-of-biotic-and-abiotic-determinants-3hyj7tlfbr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-linear-model-of-the-effect-of-continuous-traits-1sd7t6tg.png Table 2. Linear model of the effect of continuous traits (range size, proportional area of overlap 574 between focal species and all competitors, and abundance-weighted average temperature, 575 precipitation, elevation, and NDVI calculated across each species’ range) on logit-transformed 576 RC, the competition variance component divided by the sum of the competition and environment 577 variance components. 578 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-top-15-focal-species-ranked-by-variance-2jxw1swv.png Figure 3. The top 15 focal species ranked by variance explained by deviation from optimal 632 environmental conditions. Variance partitioning results illustrating the variance uniquely 633 explained by uniquely explained by the environment (green), competition (pink), and the shared 634 variance component that cannot be uniquely ascribed to either class of variables (blue). 635 636 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-top-15-focal-species-ranked-by-variance-8v4f2mid.png Figure 2. The top 15 focal species ranked by variance explained by scaled competitor 626 abundance. Variance partitioning results illustrating the variance uniquely explained by 627 competition (pink), uniquely explained by the environment (green), and the shared variance 628 component that cannot be uniquely ascribed to either class of variables (blue). 629 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-violin-plots-demonstrating-the-distribution-of-13slq763.png Figure 1. (a) Violin plots demonstrating the distribution of unique variance in focal occupancy 615 explained by environmental variables, the unique variance explained by the summed abundance 616 of all competitors, , the total variance explained by a model with both sets of variables, and Rc, 617 the competition variance component divided by the sum of the competition and environment 618 variance components. Median values are noted within each distribution. (b) Violin plots 619 demonstrating the distribution of unique variance in focal occupancy explained by environmental 620 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-histogram-of-154-non-competitors-of-example-focal-1j5h6n1x.png Figure 5. (a) Histogram of 154 non-competitors of example focal species Yellow-bellied 649 Sapsucker R2 (median = 0.03); black dashed line is R2 of assigned main competitor (Hairy 650 Woodpecker; Competition R2 = 0.57). (b) Histogram of 154 non-competitors of Yellow-bellied 651 Sapsucker estimate (median = -3.2); black line is estimate of assigned main competitor (median 652 = -12.5). (c) Histogram of the proportion of non-competitor species with R2 values matching or 653 exceeding the main competitor R2 when predicting focal species occupancy. (d) Histogram of the 654 proportion of non-competitor species with estimates matching or exceeding the main competitor 655 estimate when predicting focal species occupancy. 656 657 658 659 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-ability-of-environmental-variables-green-3vxvzw5v.png Figure 4. The ability of environmental variables (green circles), competitor abundance (pink 639 triangles), or both combined (grey crosses) to predict spatial variation in temporal occupancy (x-640 axis) compared to spatial variation in abundance (y-axis) based on linear model R2s (and not 641 unique variance components, as portrayed in Figures 1-3). Black line represents the 1:1 line. 642 Dashed lines indicate linear regressions through each of the three sets of predictor variables. 643 644 645 646 647 https://scispace.com/papers/the-relative-price-of-services-2rbo892itg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relative-price-of-goods-producing-and-services-2tv5197s.png Figure 2. Relative Price of Goods-Producing and Services Industries and GDP Per Capita, 2005 Note: Prices relative to exchange rates for 42 countries, see Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gdp-price-level-and-gdp-per-capita-2005-242z61hd.png Figure 1. GDP Price Level and GDP Per Capita, 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-industry-prices-income-levels-and-the-labor-share-in-2iptkna7.png TABLE 3 Industry Prices, Income Levels, and the Labor Share in Value Added https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gdp-price-levels-and-gdp-per-capita-relative-to-the-27vbldua.png TABLE 1 GDP Price Levels and GDP Per Capita Relative to the U.S. in 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-industry-prices-and-income-levels-for-different-3w0c448x.png TABLE 2 Industry Prices and Income Levels for Different Industry Groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relative-price-of-manufacturing-other-goods-market-1o5tm0dm.png Figure 3. Relative Price of Manufacturing, Other Goods, Market Services and Non-Market Services, and GDP Per Capita, 2005 https://scispace.com/papers/the-relative-importance-of-search-versus-credence-product-1n9dru79si 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-conjoint-apple-design-of-48-choice-sets-2l4t258b.png Table 2. Conjoint Apple Design of 48 Choice Sets https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-conjoint-preference-model-least-squares-regression-2ro09ud0.png Table 4. Conjoint Preference Model Least Squares Regression Estimation Results for Seven Apple Attributes (dependent variable = preference rating) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-food-shopping-venues-for-sample-2z0lealh.png Table 3. Distribution of Food Shopping Venues for Sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relative-importance-of-seven-apple-product-3s9l0pms.png Figure 1. Relative Importance of Seven Apple Product Attributes in Conjoint Preference Ratings https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-utility-of-apple-product-feature-levels-for-survey-1besb5n8.png Table 5. Utility of Apple Product Feature Levels for Survey Respondents https://scispace.com/papers/the-release-of-catanionic-mixtures-embedded-in-gels-an-3ioex40jf9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-between-numerically-and-analytically-1mrr56km.png Figure 3: Comparison between numerically and analytically determined release constants for the half-infinite geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-between-numerically-and-analytically-1kpul276.png Figure 2: Comparison between numerically and analytically determined release constants Ki [cf. Eq. (36)] for the slab geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-illustration-of-the-monomer-concentration-3hyw1egw.png Figure 1: Schematic illustration of the monomer concentration profiles used in the approximate analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-values-used-in-the-first-stage-of-the-3gqb9y99.png Table 1: Parameter values used in the first stage of the evaluation of the analytical approximation (from Ref. 23). https://scispace.com/papers/the-relative-infectiousness-of-asymptomatic-sars-cov-2-3o0oyll68u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-screening-process-of-the-articles-33cymfv6.png Figure 1 Screening process of the articles. https://scispace.com/papers/the-relevance-of-international-spillovers-and-asymmetric-11ek8u9459 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-nonlinear-estimates-based-on-lagged-interest-rate-3qsljslv.png Table 5: Nonlinear estimates based on lagged interest rate changes as transition variable https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-nonlinear-estimates-based-on-change-of-the-oil-price-16i8nacl.png Table 6: Nonlinear estimates based on change of the oil price as transition variable https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-deviations-from-a-nonlinear-taylor-rule-including-hvwta5le.png Figure 3: Deviations from a nonlinear Taylor rule including foreign interest rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-linear-estimations-1g0aztbk.png Table 1 :Linear Estimations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-linear-estimations-including-foreign-interest-rate-2uujsovq.png Table 2: Linear Estimations including foreign interest rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-deviations-from-a-linear-taylor-rule-29g7lc2z.png Figure 1: Deviations from a linear Taylor rule https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-deviations-from-a-linear-taylor-rule-including-the-1blchy7n.png Figure 2: Deviations from a linear Taylor rule including the foreign interest rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-nonlinear-estimates-based-on-the-lagged-interest-1vmxsp6e.png Table 7: Nonlinear estimates based on the lagged interest rate differential as transition variable https://scispace.com/papers/the-reliability-and-temporal-stability-of-self-reported-yavgomdhgz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-studies-used-in-the-meta-analysis-2jg98m7g.png Table 1 Overview of studies used in the meta-analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-results-of-a-bayesian-meta-regression-for-29yodmmw.png Figure 2 . Results of a Bayesian meta-regression for reliability and stability of media exposure Note: Displayed are coefficients and 90% HDI for two Bayesian multi-level meta-regressions. The baseline categories were medium: print, focus: general use, response: other frequency. The conditional effects for adult and adolescent samples were computed from the posterior draws. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reliability-and-rank-order-stability-of-media-1ddw5r4k.png Figure 1 . Reliability and rank-order stability of media exposure measures https://scispace.com/papers/the-reliability-of-lung-crackle-characteristics-in-cystic-2skzrtrbwv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-smallest-real-difference-of-crackle-idw-and-2cd-n-54-3km6s85e.png Table 4. Smallest Real Difference of crackle IDW and 2CD (n = 54). Values are in milliseconds (ms). T: trachea; AR: anterior right; AL: anterior left; LR: lateral right; LL: lateral left; PR: posterior right; PL: posterior left). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-cystic-fibrosis-cf-and-1c3u5i57.png Table 1. Characteristics of the cystic fibrosis (CF) and bronchiectasis (Br) subjects. Values are mean (SD). BMI: body mass index; FEV1pp: forced expiratory volume in 1 second percentage predicted; FVCpp: forced vital capacity percentage predicted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relative-reliability-of-the-crackles-idw-and-2cd-n-13ix4155.png Table 2. Relative reliability of the crackles’ IDW and 2CD (n = 54). Values are from Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) with the 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). T: trachea; AR: anterior right; AL: anterior left; LR: lateral right; LL: lateral left; PR: posterior right; PL: posterior left. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-crackle-parameters-values-are-in-milliseconds-ms-2qqp2czi.png Figure 1. Crackle parameters. Values are in milliseconds (ms). IDW: Initial Deflection Width; 2CD: Two Cycles Deflection and LDW: Largest deflection Width. https://scispace.com/papers/the-reliabilty-and-validity-of-a-revised-version-of-the-how-5da5cmbg5c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-most-recent-indictable-offence-for-the-men-with-24s39bwz.png Table 1 The most recent indictable offence for the men with intellectual disabilities who had a known history of engaging in criminal offending behaviours. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-23dfu3nb.png Table 4 Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-internal-consistency-and-test-retest-reliability-for-3olpm3sl.png Table 3 Internal consistency and test-retest reliability for the How I Think Questionnaire に Intellectual Disabilities (HIT-IDs) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-modifications-to-the-how-i-think-questionnaire-hit-2o6yrpc8.png Table 2 Modifications to the How I Think Questionnaire (HIT) https://scispace.com/papers/the-relocation-decisions-of-working-couples-19qu2ndfkb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-6-1jqfxex6.png Figure 1. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3cq9u47c.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-16vw5upp.png Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2yapipl4.png Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3bsqoaxr.png Table 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2b0usgb4.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/the-renminbi-central-parity-an-empirical-investigation-2rebthosra 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-central-parity-estimation-results-with-augmented-3gstcpzj.png Table 4 Central parity estimation results with augmented variables (post-change period) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-forecasting-the-rmb-central-parity-rate-ljzte4c1.png Table 5 Forecasting the RMB Central Parity Rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-central-parity-estimation-results-pre-change-period-dsbygisl.png Table 1 Central parity estimation results (pre-change period) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-central-parity-estimation-results-post-change-period-3tdhiugo.png Table 2 Central parity estimation results (post-change period) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rmb-exchange-rate-3nk252i6.png Figure 1 RMB exchange rate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-forecasting-the-rmb-central-parity-rate-with-36detfiy.png Table 6 Forecasting the RMB Central Parity Rate: with augmented variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-central-parity-estimation-results-with-augmented-oaa0f4wx.png Table 3 Central parity estimation results with augmented variables (pre-change period) https://scispace.com/papers/the-repertoire-and-social-function-of-facial-displays-in-2ljkzbdfus 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-facial-displays-in-white-faced-capuchins-photos-by-a-20zqlnpq.png Fig. 1 Facial displays in white-faced capuchins. (Photos by A. De Marco). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-open-mouth-silent-bared-teeth-display-behavioral-2ac6snpv.png Fig. 6 Open-mouth silent bared-teeth display. Behavioral sequence in an affiliative context. The openmouth silent bared-teeth display occurs at interval 0 (on the abscissa); time intervals at 10 s extend from 90 s before the occurrence of the open-mouth silent bared-teeth display until 90 s after it. Intrasender sequences (black bars) and interaction sequences (grey bars) show the frequencies of affiliative behaviors performed by the sender and receiver of the display, respectively. S indicates the number of senders and R indicates the number of receivers present in the analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-silent-bared-teeth-display-behavioral-sequence-in-an-3qigot58.png Fig. 5 Silent bared-teeth display. Behavioral sequence in an affiliative context. The silent bared-teeth display occurs at interval 0 (on the abscissa); time intervals at 10 s extend from 90 s before the occurrence of the silent bared-teeth display until 90 s after it. Intrasender sequences (black bars) and interaction sequences (grey bars) show the frequencies of the affiliative behaviors performed by the sender and receiver of the display, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frequencies-per-individual-per-hour-of-each-facial-2l8a9zk3.png Table 2 Frequencies (per individual per hour) of each facial display performed (a) and received (b) in each sex-age class https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-open-mouth-threat-face-display-behavioral-sequence-in-2pcy19v0.png Fig. 4 Open-mouth threat-face display. Behavioral sequence in an agonistic context. The open-mouth threat-face display occurs at interval 0 (on the abscissa). Time intervals at 10 s extend from 90 s before the occurrence of the open-mouth threat-face display until 90 s after it. Intrasender sequences (black bars) and interaction sequences (dotted bars) show the frequencies of the agonistic behaviors performed by the sender and receiver of the display, respectively. S indicates the number of senders and R indicates the number of receivers present in the analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-lip-smacking-display-behavioral-sequence-in-the-2p2zpugg.png Fig. 3 Lip-smacking display. Behavioral sequence in the affiliative context. Lip-smacking occurs at interval 0 (on the abscissa); time intervals at 10 s extend from 90 s before the occurrence of the lipsmacking display until 90 s after it. Intrasender sequences (black bars) and interaction sequences (dotted bars) show the frequencies of the affiliative behaviors performed by the sender and receiver of the display, respectively. S indicates the number of senders and R indicates the number of receivers present in the analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relaxed-open-mouth-display-behavioral-sequences-in-3cyxyjl5.png Fig. 2 Relaxed open-mouth display. Behavioral sequences in: play context (a), affiliative context (b), and when partners exchange the relaxed open-mouth display (c). The relaxed open-mouth display occurs at interval 0 (on the abscissa); time intervals at 10 s extend from 90 s before the occurrence of the relaxed open-mouth display until 90 s after it. Intrasender sequences (black bars) and interaction sequences (dotted bars) show the frequencies of behaviors performed by the sender and receiver of the display, respectively. S indicates the number of senders and R indicates the number of receivers present in the analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-two-adult-individuals-perform-an-open-mouth-threat-3cq8cami.png Fig. 7 Two adult individuals perform an open-mouth threat-face display jointly, in the typical overlord position. (Drawing by A. De Marco). https://scispace.com/papers/the-reorganization-of-children-s-social-services-in-england-4tafz2u5n2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chronology-of-key-events-in-childrens-services-1oadiz4s.png TABLE 1: Chronology of Key Events in Children’s Services https://scispace.com/papers/the-representation-of-ocean-circulation-and-variability-in-49nus2yfke 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-oceans-surface-sa-q-values-from-a-full-year-of-2z5bvz7a.png FIG. 9. The ocean’s surface SA–Q values from a full year of CARS, distributed in SA–Q coordinates. Color indicates geographical location as shown by the inset. The 1-Sv contours of ClocSAQ for CARS (Fig. 8) are included. Dashed (solid) black contours rotate clockwise (anticlockwise). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-circulation-in-sa-q-coordinates-due-to-a-shift-of-the-16xd0v7j.png FIG. 4. Circulation in SA–Q coordinates due to a shift of the ocean’s volume distribution in SA–Q coordinates, with (a) no net transport or (b) net transport. Arrows indicate through which isotherms (between a certain SA interval) and isohalines (between a certain Q interval) the volume transport is assigned. Two arrows in opposite direction cancel out. Cycle 1 shows heating (t1 / t2) and cooling (t2 / t3), and Cycle 2 shows salinification (t1 / t2) and freshening (t2 / t3). Cycle 3 shows heating and salinification (t1 / t2) and cooling and freshening (t2 / t3). Cycles 4 and 5 show net transport due to a diathermohaline trend and or cyclic motion, respectively. Gray arrows of Cycle 4 show an incomplete cycle causing the diathermohaline trend, which will be closed when subtracting a trend, to define the cyclic component. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-of-movement-of-isohalines-and-isotherms-that-kwaiirpd.png FIG. 5. Schematic of movement of isohalines and isotherms that change the ocean’s volume distribution in SA–Q coordinates. Events i, ii, iii, and iv indicate displacement of the isotherms or isohalines due to heating, salinification, cooling, and freshening, respectively. The motion of VQ, VSA, and the gray shaded volume VSAQ in SA–Q coordinates is described by Cycles 1, 2, and 5, respectively (Fig. 4). Only VSAQ contributes to a net circulation in SA–Q coordinates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-clocsaq-circulation-for-cars-blue-yellow-cells-bleek999.png FIG. 8. The ClocSAQ circulation for CARS. Blue (yellow) cells rotate clockwise (anticlockwise). Blue (red) contours show the 23 (3)- and 21 (1)-Sv intervals. The black lines indicate the contours for potential density (s0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-describing-how-fluid-parcels-are-displaced-1ogmnav5.png FIG. 1. Schematic describing how fluid parcels are displaced in SA–Q coordinates by different thermohaline forcing, that is, (top) surface fluxes and (bottom) diffusive mixing, with gn referring to a neutral surface. The representation of mixing in this diagram is idealized, showing an isolated volume only influenced by (left) isotropic turbulent diffusive mixing or (right) along-isopycnal eddy diffusive mixing, reducing the volume’s spread in SA and Q in an isotropic or isopycnal manner, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-left-diahaline-and-right-diathermal-volume-transports-gl88rcmh.png FIG. 6. (left) Diahaline and (right) diathermal volume transports (Sv) of UVIC for (top) DCadvSAQ, (middle) DC loc SAQ , and (bottom) diathermohaline trend (for details about their calculation, see the appendix). The intervals used to calculate a streamfunction difference are dQ 5 0.758C and dSA 5 0.05 g kg 21. The black lines indicate the contours for potential density (s0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-the-diathermohaline-velocity-udiasaq-and-6shj5ciw.png FIG. 2. Schematic of the diathermohaline velocity udiaSAQ and a volume DV enclosed by the same isohalines and isotherms in (a) geographical coordinates and (b) SA–Q coordinates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-diapycnal-transport-of-top-heat-1015w-and-bottom-oqyjgh38.png FIG. 10. Diapycnal transport of (top) heat (1015W) and (bottom) freshwater (Sv) through potential density surfaces (s0) for UVIC for CdiaSAQ (solid), C adv SAQ (dotted), and ClocSAQ (dashed). https://scispace.com/papers/the-reproductive-cycle-of-patella-candei-gomesii-drouet-1858-4g1tn2cn5h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cluster-and-multidimensional-scaling-diagrams-for-male-2hn2a89a.png Fig. 3. Cluster and multidimensional scaling diagrams for male specimens. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-averages-and-standard-errors-of-fresh-weight-of-the-2j14n03d.png Fig. 4. Averages and standard errors of fresh weight of the animal (FWG) and weight of the shell (WS), length (SL), width (SW) and height (SH) for males (a) and females (b), morphs are discriminated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-values-and-standard-errors-of-the-previtellogenic-33lksx1p.png Fig. 1. Mean values and standard errors of the previtellogenic (PV), vitellogenic (V) and maturing oocytes (M) for “smooth” females (A) and “fly” females (C). Mean values and standard errors of the spermatogonia (Sg), spermatocyte (spe), spermatid (sp) and spermatozoa (S) for “smooth” (B) and “fly” males (D). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-sea-surface-temperatures-for-the-period-of-1u8nj261.png Fig. 5. Average sea surface temperatures for the period of November 2001 to May 2003 in the geographical area of São Miguel (37E–38EN; 26E–25EW). Data obtained from PODAAC–ESIP (http://podaac-esip.jpl.nasa.gov). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-two-way-anova-results-for-each-gametogenic-stage-2i8dyfob.png Table 1. Two-way ANOVA results for each gametogenic stage https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cluster-and-multidimensional-scaling-diagrams-for-hu04k8gt.png Fig. 2. Cluster and multidimensional scaling diagrams for female specimens. https://scispace.com/papers/the-reputation-of-the-euro-and-the-european-central-bank-y4x9jvwrak 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-levels-and-development-of-emu-support-in-euro-area-36xlv15g.png Figure 3: Levels and development of EMU-support in euro area member states, 1999-2018 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-levels-and-development-of-emu-support-in-the-euro-3iprbxe3.png Figure 2: Levels and development of EMU support in the euro area 1999-2019 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-net-support-for-the-euro-and-net-trust-in-the-ecb-u5lykwqh.png Figure 1: Net support for the euro and net trust in the ECB in the euro area, 1999-2019 https://scispace.com/papers/the-residency-discount-for-rents-in-germany-and-the-tenancy-1eualkkksg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-continued-2o0p5j5o.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics <continued> https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-means-and-standard-deviations-3ttrlqfn.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics <continued> https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-annual-residency-discount-before-and-after-reform-rq8x6ona.png Table 4: Annual Residency Discount Before and After Reform https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-baseline-rent-regressions-continued-3rw5yzx3.png Table 3: Baseline Rent Regressions <continued> https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-annual-residency-discount-before-and-after-reform-2ax5j4q9.png Table 5: Annual Residency Discount Before and After Reform (Tenancy Fixed Effects) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-after-reform-coefficient-estimate-by-quantile-2l1mccin.png Figure 4: After Reform - Coefficient Estimate by Quantile https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-annual-residency-discount-coefficient-estimate-by-lkdiu725.png Figure 3: Annual Residency Discount - Coefficient Estimate by Quantile https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-baseline-rent-regressions-2xmsnpa1.png Table 3: Baseline Rent Regressions <continued> https://scispace.com/papers/the-resistance-and-strength-of-soft-solder-splices-between-425dvdx6h5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-peel-in-a-splice-made-with-tin-silver-solder-broken-at-2p1cs6pn.png Fig. 4. Peel in a Splice made with Tin-silver Solder broken at 77 K https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-splice-resistance-as-a-function-of-splice-length-rijrg4tn.png Fig. 3. The Splice Resistance as a Function of Splice Length and Magnetic Induction for Up-down Splices using 0.95 by 1.60 mm Bare Conductor and an Sn63-Pb37 (tin lead eutectic solder with a melting point of 188 C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-breaking-stress-of-splices-of-various-lengths-2f6rrm4n.png Fig. 6. The Breaking Stress of Splices of Various Lengths https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-schematic-of-the-voltage-taps-connected-to-a-splice-1qsiiixi.png Fig. 2. A Schematic of the Voltage Taps Connected to a Splice. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-cross-section-of-a-cracked-sn-ag-up-down-splice-note-nc0m8s3q.png Fig. 6. The Breaking Stress of Splices of Various Lengths https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cold-welded-butt-splice-and-two-types-of-lap-splices-pk503l76.png Fig. 1. Cold Welded Butt Splice and Two Types of Lap Splices https://scispace.com/papers/the-resonance-of-moderate-feminism-and-the-gendered-3cbfstoumt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-3fz64m3z.png Table 1 Sample Characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/the-resolved-stellar-populations-of-a-dwarf-spheroidal-128b6jf4ff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-histogram-of-bolometric-magnitudes-for-the-brightest-3hq4bjbf.png Fig. 7.—Histogram of bolometric magnitudes for the brightest stars in our minimally contaminated dSph subsample; no corrections for photometric incompleteness have been applied. The arrows denote the maximum attainable brightnesses of AGB stars formed from populations with ages of 3, 5, 8, and 10Gyr (from Fig. 19 of Rejkuba et al. 2006). The two brightest stars are likely interlopers. The data suggest that the dSph population is at least 8 Gyr old. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-image-of-a-2800-2400-section-of-our-image-3gp5rwd5.png Fig. 1.—Color image of a 2800 ; 2400 section of our image, centered on the dSph galaxy. In the image, blue represents 2 F606W F814Wð Þ, green represents F606W, and red represents F814W. The ellipse denotes the boundary used to defined a subsample of stars that minimizes contamination (see text). North is to the top, and east is to the left. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-f814w-and-f606w-surface-brightness-profiles-derived-by-1awnc2yk.png Fig. 8.—F814W and F606W surface brightness profiles derived by fitting elliptical contours to the smoothed images of the dSph galaxy. The data are plotted as a function of the geometric mean radius r ¼ abð Þ1/2. The best-fitting King (1962) model, with rc ¼ 2:600 0:700 and rt ¼ 1000 300, is shown as a solid line. The King (1962) model fit is excellent, with 2 / ¼ 0:40. The dashed lines denote the best fits to a Sérsic (1968) profile; see text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-of-the-structural-and-chemical-properties-3l372opl.png Fig. 9.—Comparison of the structural and chemical properties of the Virgo dSph ( filled circle) with measurements for the dwarf spheroidals in the Local andM81 Groups (open circles). The top panel shows central surface brightness, the middle panel shows core radius, and the bottom panel shows metallicity, with the error bars representing the metallicity dispersion. The filled triangles denote measurements of faint dE/dSphgalaxies in theVirgoCluster fromCaldwell (2006). The Local Group data come from the compilations of Irwin & Hatzidimitriou (1995), Grebel et al. (2003), and McConnachie & Irwin (2006), with additional information for individual dwarfs from Saviane et al. (1996), Palma et al. (2003), and Harbeck et al. (2005). The M81 dwarf data come from Caldwell et al. (1998). Note that the properties of the Virgo dwarf are completely consistent with those of dwarfs in these low-density systems. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-color-magnitude-diagram-in-the-vegamag-system-for-1k7e5doq.png Fig. 4.—(a) Color-magnitude diagram (in the Vegamag system) for the 611 stellar objects located in a 6600 ; 4800 region centered on the dSph galaxy. (b) The ‘‘dwarf-only’’ CMD, formed from a subset of 181 stars located within the inner elliptical region shown in Fig. 1. The dotted lines denote the 50% completeness levels, while the error bars represent the typical photometric uncertainties. Note the discontinuity at F814W 27:1; this is the tip of the red giant branch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-output-color-magnitude-diagram-for-our-artificial-xgsm1lcw.png Fig. 3.—Output color-magnitude diagram for our artificial stars. The dashed line denotes the input colors for the stars F606W F814W ¼ 1:00. Note the slight offset in the colors at faint magnitudes. This is due to the different limiting magnitudes of the two filters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fraction-f-of-recovered-artificial-stars-for-the-f814w-17ouws0i.png Fig. 2.—Fraction f of recovered artificial stars for the F814W ( filled circles) and the F606W (open circles) images. The F606W data is based on added stars with input colors F606W F814W ¼ 2:0 and that of the F814W data is from stars with input colors F606W F814W ¼ 0:0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-spatial-distribution-in-pixels-for-those-stellar-7yxabbf6.png Fig. 10.—Spatial distribution (in pixels) for those stellar objects near our dwarf galaxy with the colors and magnitudes of metal-poor red giant stars (i.e., 0:4 < F606W F814W < 1:3 and 26:8 < F814W < 28:0). Each pixels represents 0:03 00, or 2.2 pc, at the distance of Virgo. There is no obvious evidence for the tidal shredding of the dwarf galaxy. https://scispace.com/papers/the-response-of-multinationals-foreign-exchange-rate-3bkh5ghuwl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-firm-specific-characteristics-for-annual-foreign-p850kgko.png Table 1 Firm specific characteristics for annual foreign-sales-to-total-sales ratio and market capitalization of the 182 U.S. firms between 2008 and 2014. This table shows, for each year between 2008 and 2014, the average, first, second and third quartile of the annual foreign sales relative to total sales ratio and of the annual market capitalization, together with the average total weight the 182 firms represent in the S&P 500 index (in %). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-trade-weighted-exchange-rate-index-over-period-may-2h5dvl38.png Fig. 1. Trade-weighted exchange rate index over period May 2008 to December 2014. The rates are expressed in U.S. dollars per unit of foreign currencies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-macroeconomic-announcements-the-table-provides-an-24glzww0.png Table 2 Macroeconomic announcements. The table provides an overview of the scheduled macroeconomic announcements included in the analysis over the period 2008–2014. Frequency: the frequency at which news on the fundamental is announced with Q: quarterly, M: monthly and 6 W: every 6 weeks. Time: announcement time in Eastern Standard Time (EST). First release: first release date of announcement in our sample. Observations: total number of observations. Mean: average surprise. # pos.: number of positive surprises. # neg: number of negative surprises. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-ten-macroeconomic-announcements-with-the-largest-3ogoodup.png Table 6 The ten macroeconomic announcements with the largest absolute expected impact on the average foreign exchange rate exposure. P and T indicate whether the effect is persistent or transitory, respectively. Impact: the least squares estimate of the expected contemporaneous change in the average exchange rate exposure of the multinationals due to the surprise in the announcement, ceteris paribus. This equals k̂j Surpj for a persistent effect and ĥj Surpj for a transitory effect (see Eq. (7)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-variation-in-the-incremental-foreign-exchange-3f5idh2r.png Fig. 4. Time variation in the incremental foreign exchange rate exposure. The time series plot shows the daily cross-sectional average of the estimated incremental foreign exchange rate exposure ci;t (in black) over the period May 2008–2014. The shaded region is the range between the 10% and 90% quantiles of the daily cross-sectional incremental foreign exchange rate exposures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-the-incremental-and-market-foreign-exchange-j95rhbz0.png Table 10 The incremental and market foreign exchange exposure dynamics. The dependent variable is the cross-sectional average daily incremental exposure (panel A) and market exposure (panel B). The data set consists of 1672 daily observations and 486 announcements. Table 2 details the announcements while Table 3 provides information on the controls. ⁄, ⁄⁄, and ⁄⁄⁄ denote significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels with HAC standard errors (between parentheses). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-foreign-exchange-rate-exposure-dynamics-the-mkdvh0dk.png Table 5 Foreign exchange rate exposure dynamics. The dependent variable is the average daily exposure. The table shows the estimates and standard errors of the hs and ks, the coefficients that measure the persistent and transitory impacts, respectively, of the announcements (see Eq. (7)). The data set consist of 1672 daily observations and 486 announcements. Table 2 details the announcements while Table 3 details the controls. ⁄, ⁄⁄, and ⁄⁄⁄ denote significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels with HAC standard errors (between parentheses). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-impact-of-a-positive-one-standard-deviation-cwnj41zn.png Fig. 3. The impact of a positive, one standard deviation surprise change in the export price index (left) and nonfarm payroll (right) on the average exchange exposure in an event window around the announcement. Day 0 is the day of the announcement. https://scispace.com/papers/the-response-of-the-rotifer-community-in-loch-leven-uk-to-1e5ee1h58o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-249a7nyv.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2orwdytl.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-119t0ko7.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rrvwsclr.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rotifer-species-found-in-loch-leven-over-different-3hzcrczd.png Table 1. Rotifer species found in Loch Leven over different time periods 445 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-k739ngz6.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/the-retinoblastoma-protein-p16ink4a-pathway-but-not-p53-is-410rbsq2tc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-human-papillomavirus-dna-detection-by-polymerase-1hjmsfes.png Table 2. Human papillomavirus DNA detection by polymerase chain reaction method in different histological subtypes of penile squamous cell carcinoma https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-histological-grade-and-stage-of-different-subtypes-21hgfvfd.png Table 1. Histological grade and stage of different subtypes of penile squamous cell carcinoma https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-positive-expression-of-rb-nuclear-and-cytoplasmic-3p4996gd.png Table 3. Positive expression of RB, nuclear and cytoplasmic p16INK4A, p53, p21 and Ki67 in all penile squamous cell carcinomas and in regard to histological subtypes https://scispace.com/papers/the-rest-frame-optical-luminosity-density-color-and-stellar-2twp6rr0t3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rest-frame-optical-luminosity-density-and-integrated-24ozrczr.png TABLE 1 Rest-Frame Optical Luminosity Density and Integrated Color https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-an-early-burst-of-star-formation-on-the-1czryv0m.png Fig. 6.—Effect of an early burst of star formation on the relation between (U V ) andM=L V . The relation between (U V ) andM=L V for a model track with an exponential timescale of 6 Gyr is shown by the solid line. We also show a track for an SFH that includes a 50 Myr burst at t ¼ 0 followed by a gap of 2 Gyr and a constant SFR for 1 Gyr thereafter, where the fraction of mass formed in the burst is 0.5. The track continues for a total time of 4.5 Gyr. The circles are placed at 100 Myr intervals, and the dotted section of the line indicates the very rapid transition in color caused by the onset of the second period of star formation. Both tracks have the same extinction. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-different-measures-of-the-global-m-l-v-2525ic7k.png Fig. 7.—Comparison of different measures of the global M=L V for a mock catalog of galaxies with bursting SFHs. The solid line represents the relation between (U V ) andM=L V for a model track with an exponential timescale of 6 Gyr. The filled squares show the true M/Ls of the model starbursting galaxies, as described in the text; the circle shows the true luminosity-weighted Mtot/Ltot of the mock galaxies. The open square shows the luminosity-weighted M=L V derived by applying the simple model to the individual galaxies—in this case, the mean Mtot/Ltot is overestimated by 70%. The triangle shows the Mtot/Ltot derived from the luminosity-weighted mean color [or (U V )tot] of the model galaxies. It overestimates Mtot/Ltot by only 35%. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rest-frame-optical-luminosity-density-vs-cosmic-age-34a2s6mx.png Fig. 2.—Rest-frame optical luminosity density vs. cosmic age and redshift from galaxies with K tots;AB < 25 and L rest V > L thresh V : (a) V band; (b) B band; (c) U band. For comparison, we plot jrest determinations from other surveys down to our L rest V limits: from our data (squares), from the COMBO-17 survey (Wolf et al. 2003; triangles), at z ¼ 0:1 from the SDSS (B03; circle), and from Shapley et al. (2001; pentagon). The dotted error bars on the COMBO-17 data indicate the rms field-to-field variation derived from the three spatially distinct COMBO-17 fields. The solid line represents a power-law fit to the FIRES, COMBO-17, and SDSS data of the form jrest zð Þ ¼ jrest 0ð Þ 1þ zð Þ . [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relation-between-u-v-andm-l-v-for-a-model-track-with-1dixxvai.png Fig. 5.—Relation between (U V ) andM=L V for a model track with an exponential timescale of 6 Gyr. The dotted line is for a model with E(B V ) = 0, the dashed line for a model with E(B V ) = 0.15, and the solid line for a model withE(B V ) = 0.35 (using a Calzetti extinction law), which we adopt for ourM=L V conversions. The vertical solid arrows indicate the colors of the three FIRES data points, the vertical dotted arrow indicates the color of the SDSS data, and the diagonal arrow indicates the vector used to redden the E(B V ) = 0 model to E(B V ) = 0.35. The labels above the vertical arrows correspond to the redshifts of the FIRES and SDSS data. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-of-rest-frame-luminosities-as-a-function-1jsu79do.png Fig. 1.—Distribution of rest-frame luminosities as a function of enclosed comoving volume and z, for galaxies with K tots;AB < 25: (a) V band; (b) B band; (c) U band. Galaxies that have spectroscopic redshifts are represented by filled points, and for these objects Lrest is measured at zspec. Large symbols have zphot= 1þ zphot < 0:16, and small symbols have zphot= 1þ zphot 0:16. Triangles are for objects classified as U-dropouts according to the selection of Giavalisco & Dickinson (2001). As is expected, most of the galaxies selected as U-dropouts have ze2. Note, however, the large numbers of rest-frame optically luminous galaxies at z > 2, which would not be selected as U-dropouts. The large stars in each panel indicate the value of Llocal from B03. In the V band we are sensitive to galaxies at 60% of Llocal , even at z 3, and there are galaxies at zphot 2 with Lrest 1011 h 2 70 L . The tracks represent the values of Lrest for our seven template spectra, normalized at each redshift to K tot s;AB ¼ 25. The specific tracks correspond to the E (solid curve), Sbc (thick dotted curve), Scd (short-dashed curve), Im (long-dashed curve), SB1 (dot–short-dashed curve), SB2 (dot–long-dashed curve), and 10my (thin dotted curve) templates. The horizontal dotted line in (a) indicates the luminosity threshold LthreshV above which we measure the rest-frame luminosity density j rest , and the vertical dotted lines in each panel mark the redshift boundaries of the regions for which we measure jrest . [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-m-l-v-and-stellar-mass-density-estimates-2ez4f8z9.png TABLE 2 M=L V and Stellar Mass Density Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-buildup-of-stellar-mass-density-as-a-function-of-2tzonzcb.png Fig. 8.—Buildup of stellar mass density as a function of redshift. The filled points are for galaxies with LrestV > 1:4 1010 h 270 L and were derived by applying the E(B V ) = 0.35 relation in Fig. 5 to the (U V )rest colors and jrest measurements from the FIRES (squares) and SDSS data ( filled circle). The y-axis scale on the left-hand side corresponds to the values for these points. The open symbols show the total stellar mass density measurements from the one-component models in the HDF-N (D03; stars; calculated assuming solar metallicity), the CFRS (Brinchmann & Ellis 2000; open circles), and the 2dFGRS+2MASS (Cole et al. 2001; hexagon). The dotted error bars on the D03 points reflect the systematic mass uncertainties resulting from metallicity and SFH changes. The y-axis scale on the right-hand side corresponds to the estimates for these points. The relative scaling of the two axes was adjusted so that our SDSS estimate was at the same height as the total estimate of Cole et al. The solid curve is an integral of the SFR(z) from Cole et al. (2001), which has been fitted to extinction-corrected data at zd4. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/papers/the-returns-to-formality-and-informality-in-urban-africa-3gqr1wq03w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-blundell-and-bond-sys-gmm-2eyk3e0z.png Table 8: Blundell and Bond - SYS-GMM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-densities-of-log-earnings-for-ghana-and-tanzania-ha7zj51f.png Figure 1: Densities of Log-Earnings for Ghana and Tanzania https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-first-stage-fixed-effect-estimation-c7suejl0.png Table 4: First Stage Fixed Effect Estimation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-stats-for-entire-3wave-sample-tanzania-9mf7zl55.png Table 2: Summary Stats for entire 3wave sample TANZANIA https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-of-total-individual-fixed-effect-192krtm5.png Table 5: Regression of Total Individual Fixed Effect https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-second-stage-regression-with-indices-1y18sj1u.png Table 6: Second Stage Regression with Indices https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-stats-for-entire-3wave-sample-ghana-23g1pkfk.png Table 1: Summary Stats for entire 3wave sample GHANA https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-year-sector-transitions-ghana-5-year-panel-14sv4jp5.png Table 2: Summary Stats for entire 3wave sample TANZANIA https://scispace.com/papers/the-returns-to-occupational-foreign-language-use-evidence-37ez76askg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-fixed-effects-estimate-of-foreign-language-returns-148mjase.png Table 7: Fixed effects estimate of foreign language returns upon job change for services and other occupations separately https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-wage-and-foreign-languages-in-the-bibb-dataset-3hodbt4q.png Table 3: Wage and foreign languages in the BIBB dataset https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-wage-premium-in-bibb-sample-with-other-occupational-3a33dfbc.png Table 4: Wage premium in BIBB sample with other occupational requirements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-dimensional-representation-of-occupational-2zciyaw3.png Figure 2: Two dimensional representation of occupational change https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-fixed-effects-estimate-of-log-hourly-wage-returns-of-2dx6vmpe.png Table 9: Fixed effects estimate of log hourly wage returns of foreign language returns 4-digit occupational change https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-fixed-effects-estimate-of-foreign-language-returns-1vn2mo9l.png Table 6: Fixed effects estimate of foreign language returns to excellent English upon job change by oral German level https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-fixed-effects-estimate-of-foreign-language-returns-1d15jwly.png Table 8: Fixed effects estimate of foreign language returns upon job change by educational strata and with added occupational requirements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-foreign-language-requirements-and-mean-1m4628n6.png Figure 1: Mean foreign language requirements and mean education levels by 3-digit occupation category https://scispace.com/papers/the-rhetoric-of-knowledge-hoarding-a-research-based-critique-3t8qkufomk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-observation-record-extracts-illustrating-knowledge-25pb08mb.png Table 2: Observation record extracts illustrating knowledge sharing collegiality. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-interview-data-sample-reciprocal-helpfulness-and-2kinae34.png Table 3: Interview data sample: reciprocal helpfulness and collaborative learning. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-published-instruments-for-measuring-knowledge-2vlsflg0.png Table 1: Published instruments for measuring Knowledge Hoarding https://scispace.com/papers/the-rise-and-fall-of-income-inequality-in-latin-america-7fibp9bg82 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-inequality-in-mexico-xacnw485.png Figure 7 Inequality in Mexico https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-inequality-of-argentina-22vjpj2x.png Figure 5 Inequality of Argentina https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-inequality-in-latin-america-and-the-world-1gpqlh1j.png Figure 3 Inequality in Latin America and the world https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1qbe4oey.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gini-coefficients-latin-america-1980-2008-1sfzfzwe.png Figure 4 Gini Coefficients Latin America: 1980–2008 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gini-coefficients-countries-around-the-world-1ae1ix1q.png Figure 1 Gini coefficients Countries around the world https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-latin-america-excess-inequality-j9bpfsr6.png Figure 2 Latin America excess inequality https://scispace.com/papers/the-rise-and-fall-of-spanish-unemployment-a-chain-reaction-200jnofw2k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-capital-stock-accumulation-evolution-and-jb45c8jz.png Figure 8. Capital stock accumulation: evolution and unemployment effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-definitions-of-variables-b8vnvv0r.png Table 2: Definitions of variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-global-long-run-unemployment-slopes-semi-3crreqvz.png Table 6: "Global" long-run unemployment slopes (semi-elasticities) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-unemployment-rate-actual-and-fitted-values-2eic5z1v.png Figure 3. Unemployment rate: actual and fitted values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-employment-unemployment-and-labour-force-2kgqg58t.png Figure 2. Employment, unemployment, and labour force https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-labour-force-equation-spain-1972-2005-dependent-38o5c25b.png Table 5: Labour force equation. Spain. 1972-2005. Dependent variable: lt. Estimation methodology: ARDL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-indirect-taxes-evolution-and-unemployment-effects-1tn2040l.png Figure 5. Indirect taxes: evolution and unemployment effects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-social-security-benefits-evolution-and-unemployment-1sxwbj2d.png Figure 4. Social security benefits: evolution and unemployment effects https://scispace.com/papers/the-rise-and-fall-of-open-regionalism-comparative-4zlbube3wh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-trade-openness-measures-1990-99-bfso25xy.png TABLE 1 Selected trade openness measures, 1990-99 (%) https://scispace.com/papers/the-rise-of-large-farms-in-land-abundant-countries-do-they-29waux2i3z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-very-large-corporate-farms-in-developing-3si30zhw.png Table 1: Examples of very large corporate farms in developing and transition countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-current-yield-relative-to-estimated-potential-yield-rqw32hcd.png Table 5: Current yield relative to estimated potential yield https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-publicly-listed-companies-in-agribusiness-value-xe22xlwt.png Table 4: Publicly listed companies in agribusiness value chains https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-potential-land-availability-vs-potential-for-uo6514d8.png Figure 3: Potential land availability vs. potential for increasing yields, developing countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-united-states-farm-size-and-nonfarm-q3pop4nb.png Figure 2: Evolution of United States farm size and nonfarm manufacturing wage https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-farm-sizes-and-operational-holding-sizes-1kxm62eo.png Table 3: Mean farm sizes and operational holding sizes worldwide https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-yields-on-semi-mechanized-farms-sudan-1970-2007-t-3f0quwwy.png Figure 1: Yields on semi-mechanized farms, Sudan, 1970–2007 (t/ha) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-extent-of-large-land-acquisitions-in-selected-15vmkyb0.png Table 2: Extent of large land acquisitions in selected African countries, 2004–09 https://scispace.com/papers/the-rise-and-rise-of-vertical-studentification-exploring-the-45vjrcr5wa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-breakdown-of-student-numbers-bedspaces-and-domestic-2r49c4rj.png Table 1: Breakdown of student numbers, bedspaces and domestic penetration for the top six Australian capital cities (Source: JLL, 2019:12-19). https://scispace.com/papers/the-rise-of-part-time-employment-4zvvjkde1x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-part-time-employment-share-3j74q07z.png Figure 1: The part-time employment share https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-unemployment-duration-and-workers-seeking-full-time-2a739hp6.png Figure 6: Unemployment duration and workers seeking full-time work note: Seasonally-adjusted, MA-smoothed time series cleared from composition effects (see Appendix A for data details). Gray-shaded areas indicate NBER recession periods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-transition-probabilities-comparing-involuntary-part-3bckxvke.png Figure 4: Transition probabilities comparing involuntary part-time work and unemployment note: Seasonally-adjusted, MA-smoothed time series cleared from composition effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-variance-contributions-comparing-involuntary-part-26ssi8dm.png Table 4: Variance contributions: Comparing involuntary part-time work and unemployment https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-rising-turnover-contributions-of-voluntary-and-25gs7gpy.png Table 5: Rising turnover: Contributions of voluntary and involuntary part-time work https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-transition-probabilities-characterizing-part-time-31aw4iw9.png Figure 2: Transition probabilities characterizing part-time employment note: Seasonally-adjusted, MA-smoothed time series cleared from composition effects (see Appendix A for data details). Gray-shaded areas indicate NBER recession periods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-involuntary-part-time-employment-share-1wnped0r.png Figure 3: The involuntary part-time employment share https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variance-decomposition-of-the-low-frequency-dynamics-3alepth3.png Table 2: Variance decomposition of the low-frequency dynamics of part-time employment https://scispace.com/papers/the-risk-microstructure-of-corporate-bonds-a-case-study-from-33syjpyr5q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentage-influence-of-issuer-specific-and-bond-cn7lqq1w.png Table 3: Percentage influence of issuer-specific and bond-specific spread on mean and standard deviation of the total spread - Spreads estimated from the MCMC output (2,000,000 MCMC steps, 500,000 burn-in steps). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-issuer-specific-components-3mxabn9g.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics of issuer-specific components, issuer-specific and bond-specific spreads and total spreads (in basis points) estimated from the MCMC output (2,000,000 MCMC steps, 500,000 burn-in steps). The last column provides the mean total spread approximations derived by subtracting for each point in time from the yield to maturity of this bond the risk-free rate for the same maturity and after that taking the mean over all points in time. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parameter-estimates-taken-from-the-multivariate-2kn05fs3.png Table 5: Parameter estimates taken from the multivariate posterior median and the 2.5% and 97.5% quantiles Q(2.5%) and Q(97.5%). (2,000,000 MCMC steps; burn-in phase 500,000 steps) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-list-of-bonds-used-for-estimation-note-that-he-metro-q8226dac.png Table 4: List of Bonds Used for Estimation. Note that he METRO 1 bond has been issued by METRO Finance BV, however guaranteed by METRO AG. Therefore, we assume the same issuer-specific risk for these two bonds. https://scispace.com/papers/the-risk-of-using-the-q-heterogeneity-estimator-for-software-2wvo74yz7g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-q-test-power-a-0-10-1j1mbfbk.png TABLE II. Q TEST POWER (α=0.10) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-forest-plot-showing-a-homogeneous-set-of-studies-1uhk7wpp.png Figure 1. Forest plot showing a homogeneous set of studies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-forest-plot-showing-a-heterogeneous-set-of-studies-34gah7ti.png Figure 2. Forest plot showing a heterogeneous set of studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-reliability-of-p-associated-with-q-for-low-20zfg3w0.png TABLE III. RELIABILITY OF P ASSOCIATED WITH Q FOR LOW VARIANCE SETTINGS (10% W.R.T. THE MEAN) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-forest-plot-resulting-from-aggregating-four-f9dtabr7.png Figure 4. Forest plot resulting from aggregating four experiments each with 25 subjects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-forest-plot-resulting-from-aggregating-20-rz3oknhn.png Figure 5. Forest plot resulting from aggregating 20 experiments each with 25 subjects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-forest-plot-resulting-from-aggregating-four-2iljx4dy.png Figure 3. Forest plot resulting from aggregating four experiments each with 100 subjects https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-reliability-of-p-associated-with-q-for-high-variance-8abf3m7i.png TABLE V. RELIABILITY OF P ASSOCIATED WITH Q FOR HIGH VARIANCE SETTINGS (70% W.R.T. THE MEAN) https://scispace.com/papers/the-risks-of-election-observation-international-condemnation-zlq6bglioj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-substantive-effect-of-condemnation-on-post-election-1ri8tk0b.png Figure 2: Substantive Effect of Condemnation on Post-Election Violence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rates-of-post-election-violence-by-condemnations-3qvo96wo.png Figure 1: Rates of Post-Election Violence, by Condemnations and Fraud https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-condemnation-on-post-election-violence-1lizxue7.png Table 1: Effect of Condemnation on Post-Election Violence https://scispace.com/papers/the-risk-spiral-the-effects-of-bank-capital-and-563oigoiow 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-banks-preferred-asset-risk-for-a-borrower-as-a-2r89vmry.png Figure 4: The bank’s preferred asset risk for a borrower as a function of its leverage and of the leverage of the other borrower. The figure refers to a bank with a portfolio of two loans and presents the asset risk of a borrower that maximizes the value of bank equity (“preferred level of risk”) for different leverage ratios of the borrowers. The correlation between the returns of borrowers’ assets is ρ = 0.6. The face value of debt of each borrower equals 40. The bank is financed by equity and debt with a face value of 73.6. The time to maturity of all debt instruments is one year. The risk-free rate is 1%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-preferred-risk-for-borrower-one-as-a-function-1e5vk0lf.png Figure 8: The preferred risk for borrower one as a function of its weight in the bank’s loan portfolio. The figure refers to a bank with a portfolio of two loans and presents the asset risk preferred by the bank’s stockholder for borrower one as a function of the weight of the loan to borrower one in the bank’s loan portfolio. The borrowers’ leverage ratios are equal. The figure refers to the case where the bank’s face value of debt is FB = 73.6. The time to maturity is one year and the risk-free rate is 1%. The correlation between the returns of the asset values of the two borrowers remains constant and equal ρ = 0.6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-preferred-asset-risk-of-a-borrower-as-a-6ccln3kn.png Figure 3: The preferred asset risk of a borrower as a function of its leverage ratio for different correlation coefficients. The preferred asset risk for a borrower is the level of risk that maximizes the value of the bank’s equity. The figure refers to a bank with a portfolio of two loans. The figure presents the asset risk of a borrower that maximizes the value of bank equity (“preferred level of risk”) as a function of the leverage ratio of the borrower and of the correlation between the returns of their assets. The leverage ratio of the other borrower is constant and equal to LR2 = 1.1. The face value of debt of each borrower equals 40. The bank is financed by equity and debt with a face value of 73.6. The time to maturity of all debt instruments is one year. The risk-free rate is 1%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-preferred-risk-for-borrowers-as-a-function-of-1ztndque.png Figure 7: The preferred risk for borrowers as a function of correlation. The figure refers to a bank with a portfolio of two loans and presents the asset risk preferred by the bank’s stockholder for both borrowers as a function of the correlation between their returns. The deferent lines represent deferent leverage ratios for the borrowers ranging from LRi = 1 to LRi = 1.15. The face value of debt of each borrower equals 40. The figure refers to the case where the bank’s face value of debt is FB = 73.6. The time to maturity is one year and the risk-free rate is 1%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-banks-preferred-asset-risk-for-a-borrower-as-a-2uk7ic9f.png Figure 6: The bank’s preferred asset risk for a borrower as a function of the other borrower’s leverage ratio. The figure refers to a bank with a portfolio of two loans. The figure presents the asset risk of borrower two which is preferred by the bank stockholder as a function of the leverage of borrower one. Each line represents a different correlation coefficient between the returns of the borrowers’ assets. The leverage ratio of borrower two is constant and equal LR2 = 1.1. The face value of debt of each borrower equals 40. The bank is financed by equity and debt with a face value of 73.6. The time to maturity of all debt instruments is one year. The risk free rate is 1%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-payoff-to-the-banks-stockholder-at-debt-maturity-2ywuyb3v.png Figure 1: Payoff to the bank’s stockholder at debt maturity. The figure presents the payoff of the bank’s stock as a function of the value of assets of the bank’s two borrowers. The value of the assets of borrower one is on the horizontal axis and the value of the assets of borrower two is on the vertical axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-value-of-bank-stock-as-a-function-of-the-asset-1r3mhl33.png Figure 5: The value of bank stock as a function of the asset risk of its borrowers The figure refers to a bank with a portfolio of two loans. Each line represents a different level of asset risk of borrower one. The first panel depicts the case were one borrower is solvent while the other is insolvent. The second and third panels depict cases were both borrowers are insolvent. LR1 and LR2 are the leverage ratios of the two borrowers. The correlation between the returns of borrowers’ assets is ρ = 0.6. The face value of debt of each borrower equals 40. The bank is financed by equity and debt with a face value of 73.6. The time to maturity of all debt instruments is one year. The risk free rate is 1%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-value-of-a-banks-assets-debt-and-equity-for-a-z7oh2ijk.png Figure 2: The value of a bank’s assets, debt, and equity for a bank with a single loan. The figure refers to a bank with a single asset, where the borrower is a corporation, with a face value of 80 and a time to maturity of one year. The bank is financed with equity and a single bond with a face value of 60 that matures in one year. The the borrower’s asset risk is 15% and the risk free rate is 1%. https://scispace.com/papers/the-road-beyond-5g-a-vision-and-insight-of-the-key-11ur78sihu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-data-analytics-system-in-3gpp-release-16-1y45vzok.png Fig. 4: Data analytics system in 3GPP Release 16. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-replacing-gtp-with-srv6-traditional-and-enhanced-modes-cun9rnfo.png Fig. 5: Replacing GTP with SRv6: Traditional and enhanced modes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3gpp-roadmap-for-the-completion-of-release-15-and-cq9t3d07.png Fig. 1: 3GPP roadmap for the completion of Release 15 and Release 164. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-5g-as-a-logical-tsn-bridge-mnycbrtd.png Fig. 6: 5G as a logical TSN bridge. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-service-registration-and-discovery-in-sba-3gpp-release-bfoxk3q1.png Fig. 2: Service registration and discovery in SBA 3GPP Release 15. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-service-framework-architecture-options-in-enhanced-sba-3pmyiqx9.png Fig. 3: Service framework architecture options in enhanced SBA: (a) SFSF discovery agnostic (b) SFSF discovery delegation. https://scispace.com/papers/the-robotics-api-an-object-oriented-framework-for-modeling-4ithau3wea 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-generated-rpi-net-3nlf3hjb.png Fig. 4. Generated RPI net https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-robotics-api-command-1npdvj5n.png Fig. 3. Robotics API Command https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-robotics-api-basic-class-structure-1bt228i6.png Fig. 1. Robotics API: basic class structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-structure-of-a-welding-application-on-top-of-the-2ue429vt.png Fig. 2. Structure of a welding application on top of the Robotics API https://scispace.com/papers/the-robo-ao-automated-intelligent-queue-system-4pti9b24te 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-automation-software-architecture-blue-boxes-are-2fuk0zpi.png Figure 1. The automation software architecture. Blue boxes are the hardware control subsystem daemons, gray boxes are control or oversight daemons, and red boxes are data file storage. Red lines with arrows show the paths for telemetry through the operating system, black the command paths, and blue the data paths. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-representative-sample-of-the-largest-ground-based-avqrmijw.png Table 1. A representative sample of the largest ground-based diffraction-limited surveys performed with telescopes greater than 1 m in diameter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-process-by-which-the-scheduler-makes-and-3t9mbcdz.png Figure 4. The process by which the scheduler makes and executes a decision. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graphical-depiction-of-the-queue-data-organization-3pbelbsk.png Figure 2. Graphical depiction of the queue data organization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-flow-chart-demonstrating-the-operation-of-the-1lamqnzk.png Figure 3. A flow chart demonstrating the operation of the Robo-AO robotic sequencing system. Note that unshaded steps are controlled by the queue scheduling system. https://scispace.com/papers/the-robustness-of-phase-locking-in-neurons-with-dendro-14hvqmva9i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-stability-and-robustness-phase-locking-to-3f5lvlvs.png Fig. 7 Stability and robustness phase-locking to heterogeneity for a fixed coupling coefficient. Stability and robustness of the phase-locked states are plotted as a function of Lλ ∈ [0, L ∗ λ ] when the coupling coefficient is fixed at CC = 0.05 and the somata are firing at a frequency of 31 Hz (a, c) and 94 Hz (b, d). The radius of the dendrite is 0.2 µm in a and b and 2 µm in c and d. The upper panels plot the stability of the phase-locked solutions of equation (19). The stable phase-locked states are plotted as thick lines while the unstable states are plotted as thin lines. The lower panels plot the robustness of the phase-locked states where robustness is measured as the maximum percent frequency heterogeneity the system can tolerate before 1:1 phase-locking is lost, i.e., ω ∗ ω . For reference, the robustness of the corresponding phase-locked states when gc = 400 pS is plotted as the light gray curves (see Fig. 4). Fixing CC causes fewer exchanges in stability as L λ is increased, and it also causes the phase-locked states to be more robust than those for a fixed gc https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-stability-and-robustness-of-phase-locking-to-3f5u3zl0.png Fig. 4 Stability and robustness of phase-locking to heterogeneity. Stability and robustness of the phaselocked states are plotted as a function of L λ when the conductance of the electrical coupling is 400 pS and the somata are firing at a frequency of 31 Hz (a, c) and 94 Hz (b, d). The radius of the dendrite is 0.2 µm in a and b and 2 µm in c and d. The upper panels plot the stability of the phase-locked solutions of Eq. (19). The stable phase-locked states are plotted as thick lines while the unstable states are plotted as thin lines. The lower panels plot the robustness of the phase-locked states where robustness is measured as the maximum percent frequency heterogeneity the system can tolerate before 1:1 phase-locking is lost, i.e., ω ∗ ω . For the higher firing frequency, there are more exhanges in stability between the synchronous and anti-phase states as the positions of the electrical synapse is moved further away from the somata. However, for all cases shown, the robustness of phase-locking decays rapidly as Lλ is increased https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-dendritic-filtering-properties-for-a-fixed-coupling-1ablcza2.png Fig. 8 Dendritic filtering properties for a fixed coupling coefficient. In a–d, the attenuation factor ε|cn | is plotted as a function of L λ ∈ [0, L∗ λ ] (left panels) and n (right panels). The intrinsic firing frequency is 31 Hz in a, c, and e, and 94 Hz in b, d, and f. The radius of the dendrite is 0.2 µm in a and b, and 2 µm in c and d. In the left hand panels of a–d, the solid lines plot the n = 1 mode of the attenuation factor while the dashed lines plot the n = 5 mode. Similarly, in the right hand panels of each figure, the solid lines (dashed lines) plot the attenuation factor when L λ = 1 ( L λ = 2). The phase shift factor of the first mode ψ1 is plotted as a function of L λ when the neuron is firing at a frequency of 31 Hz (e) and 94 Hz (f) and when the dendritic radius is a = 0.2 µm (solid line) and a = 2 µm (dashed line). In all figures, CC = 0.05. Fixing CC causes gc to increase with Lλ . This causes the magnitude of the phase-shift for fixed CC to increase more slowly with L λ than the case of a fixed gc . This leads to fewer exchanges in stability of phase-locked states for the case of a fixed CC . It also causes the attenuation factors to sometimes have a non-monotonic dependence on L λ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-effect-of-changing-coupling-position-on-stability-and-17jqdguk.png Fig. 10 Effect of changing coupling position on stability and robustness to heterogeneity of phase-locking. The stability (upper plots) and robustness (lower plots) of phase-locking is plotted as a function of the coupling position for asymmetric dendrites β when the somata are firing at a frequency of 31 Hz. In a and b the coupling conductance is fixed at gc = 400 pS. In c and d the directional coupling coefficient for cell 1 fixed at CC1 = 0.05. The dendritic radius is a = 0.2 µm in a and c and a = 2 µm in b and d. The sum of the electronic lengths of the two dendrites is fixed at L1 λ + L2 λ = 1.5. Note that 1:1 phase-locking is fragile to changes in the position of the electrical coupling, especially for larger dendritic radii https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-phase-locking-in-the-presence-of-heterogeneity-the-kp2ipv5a.png Fig. 3 Phase-locking in the presence of heterogeneity. The figure plots the right hand side of Eq. (18) with an example G function for the case of electrical coupling between the somata ( L λ = 0) and somatic firing frequency of 31 Hz. The horizontal dashed lines represent varying levels of frequency heterogeneity between the two oscillators. Steady-state phase-locked states are represented by the intersections of ω and 1τD G(φ). ω ∗ = maxφ ∣∣∣ 1τD G(φ) ∣∣∣ is the largest amount of frequency heterogeneity the system can tolerate before 1:1 phase-locking is completely lost https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-voltage-component-of-the-limit-cycle-and-phase-1cfd2qsk.png Fig. 2 Voltage component of the limit cycle and phase response curves. The voltage component of the limit cycle (upper plots) along with the corresponding phase response curve (lower plots) are plotted as a function of time for two different firing frequencies a 31 Hz and b 94 Hz https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-stability-and-robustness-of-phase-locking-to-noise-1d0mt5vc.png Fig. 13 Stability and robustness of phase-locking to noise for a fixed coupling coefficient. Stability and robustness of the phase-locked states are plotted as a function of Lλ when the coupling coefficient is fixed at CC = 0.05 and the somata are firing at a frequency of 31 Hz (a, c) and 94 Hz (b, d). The radius of the dendrite is 0.2 µm in a and b and 2 µm in c and d. The upper panels plot the stability of the phase-locked solutions of Eq. (19). The stable phase-locked states are plotted as thick lines while the unstable states are plotted as thin lines. The lower panels plot the robustness of the phase-locked states where robustness is measured using the Kuramoto index Rn . Note that the effects of noise on phase-locked states and robustness are qualitatively similar to the effects of heterogeneity in intrinsic frequency (see Fig. 7) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-of-the-robustness-of-phase-locking-to-a0mjvm0k.png Fig. 9 Comparison of the robustness of phase-locking to heterogeneity as firing frequency is varied for a fixed gc and a Fixed CC . Robustness of the phase-locked states is plotted as a function of firing frequency when the electrical coupling conductance is held constant at 400 pS (a–c) and when the coupling coefficient is held constant at 0.05 (d–f). In a and d, the dendritic length ( L λ ) is equal to zero while in b, c, e and f L λ = 1. The dendritic radius is 0.2 µm in b and e and 2 µm in c and f. Note the difference in the y-axis scale for f. For all firing frequencies, fixing CC results in more robust phase-locking for distally located electrical synapses than for a fixed gc https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-and-limitations-of-the-unmanned-aerial-vihicle-in-1p87isfcyu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-visual-representation-of-the-adopted-three-gpzy70ty.png Figure 1: A visual representation of the adopted three categories of UAV operations (A. Konert et al. 2020) https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-a-changing-market-environment-for-credit-default-2ktqkioyhg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-cds-spreads-over-time-2x41apd7.png Figure 1: Average CDS spreads over time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-multivariate-transition-function-part-one-m077syx5.png Figure 2: Multivariate transition function: part one https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-linearity-test-univariate-transition-function-jk6c95so.png Table 2: Linearity test: univariate transition function https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pstr-with-univariate-transition-function-19k8nrum.png Table 3: PSTR with univariate transition function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-multivariate-transition-function-part-two-22v92dbm.png Figure 3: Multivariate transition function: part two https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-model-evaluation-359ygbb3.png Table 5: Model evaluation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-305hpfwx.png Table 1: Summary statistics https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-a-slow-phase-formation-process-in-the-growth-of-3qy2bd4d3j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-current-transient-at-constant-potential-e-0-18-v-for-3h8rv6qq.png Fig. 5. (a) Current transient at constant potential (E, = 0.18 V) for a polycrystalline Ag electrode recorded in 0.1 M NaOH after applying to the electrode the following pretreatment: E, = - 1.30 V, f, = 60 s; immediately the electrode potential was held at E, = - 0.30 V for t, = 10 s and finally, the potential was stepped to E, for current transient recording. (b) Cathodic j-E progle recorded at o = 0.05 V s- ‘ after the completion of the transient shown in (a). https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-advection-straining-and-mixing-on-the-tidal-154wjiyn0f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tidal-evolution-of-transverse-salinity-structure-from-1buvmxv8.png FIG. 4. Tidal evolution of transverse salinity structure from CTD surveys conducted on 23 Oct 2006. The contour interval is 0.5 psu. For each plot, the cross-sectionally averaged value of N2 is reported. The dashed vertical line indicates the location of the profiling CTD and bottom-mounted ADCP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-minimum-values-of-the-gradient-richardson-number-ri-2t0giwfs.png FIG. 11. Minimum values of the gradient Richardson number Ri observed over two tidal cycles superimposed on contours of the minimum value of N2 observed over two tidal cycles. Values of Ri are derived from lateral surveys with the MAST, and values of N2 are derived from lateral CTD surveys. At the three eastern locations, where persistent stratification was maintained, values of Ri did not drop below 0.25 over the course of two tidal cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cross-sectional-distribution-of-horizontal-velocity-at-11k4n9n1.png FIG. 5. Cross-sectional distribution of horizontal velocity at (a) maximum flood and (b) maximum ebb collected with a downward-looking ADCP during across-channel surveys on 24 Oct 2006. Along-channel velocity is contoured with a 0.15 m s21 contour interval. Lateral velocities are depicted with arrows. The dashed vertical line indicates the position of the moored ADCP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-contours-of-a-along-channel-and-b-across-channel-2vmj24dw.png FIG. 6. Contours of (a) along-channel and (b) across-channel velocity collected by the bottom-mounted ADCP. The contour interval for along-channel velocity is 0.20 m s21 and positive values indicate flood currents. The contour interval for across-channel velocity is 0.02 m s21 and positive values indicate a lateral flow toward the eastern shore. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-contours-of-the-gradient-richardson-number-ri-1wh480ig.png FIG. 10. (a) Contours of the gradient Richardson number Ri estimated from the MAST data collected on 23 Oct 2006 (log scale). Heavy black contour corresponds to Ri 5 0.25. (b) Contours of the dissipation rate of TKE estimated from the vertical velocity spectrum from MAST acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) data (log scale). The ship had to be repositioned to ensure that the sensors faced into the current causing the gap in data around hour 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-vertical-profiles-of-the-observed-time-rate-of-change-2sjzhsek.png FIG. 9. Vertical profiles of the observed time rate of change of vertical salinity gradient (gray line) and the sum of the horizontal terms (B 1 C 1 D 1 E) in Eq. (2) (black line), averaged over (a) flood and (b) ebb tide, plotted as a function of depth. The mismatch near the bed during ebb tide is consistent with the destruction of stratification by vertical mixing. Profiles of the horizontal terms are limited by the depth of the laterally adjacent shoal station, preventing comparison with the observed time rate of change in the region closest to the bed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-site-map-of-hudson-river-study-site-b-locations-of-jart895s.png FIG. 1. (a) Site map of Hudson River study site. (b) Locations of longitudinal and lateral sampling locations. The star denotes the location of the moored ADCP and profiling CTD. (c) Position of the moored ADCP and profiling CTD in estuarine cross section. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-along-channel-salinity-contours-from-survey-on-22-oct-aikagluw.png FIG. 7. Along-channel salinity contours from survey on 22 Oct 2006. The survey was conducted during slack currents following a flood tide. The salinity contour interval is 1 psu, and the dashed vertical line represents the approximate along-channel location of moored instrumentation, anchor stations, and lateral surveys. The thick horizontal line represents the approximate tidal excursion (;13 km). The survey began at Battery Park (;40.708N) and ended at Croton Point (;41.178N). https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-b-and-t-cell-immunity-in-toltrazuril-treated-53k9iif5h6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2a-d-histology-of-neospora-caninum-infected-murine-lmt-349hba3o.png Fig. 2A–D Histology of Neospora caninum-infected murine (lMT) brains, HE staining, 200·. A Uninfected control ()); B mild inflammation with perivascular cuffs (+); C moderate inflammation (++); D widespread necrosis (+++) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-presence-of-neosporum-caninum-assessed-by-pcr-is-247i8qdt.png Table 1 Presence of Neosporum caninum, assessed by PCR, is shown for selected organs in treated versus untreated WT mice (numbers of PCR-positive organs per total organs are shown). Necropsy occurred at day 29 p.i. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-assessment-of-the-extent-and-severity-of-cerebral-25s1gydt.png Table 4 Assessment of the extent and severity of cerebral lesions related to N. caninum infection in H-E stained sections from N. caninum-infected C57BL/6 WT and BALB/C (eight treated versus eight untreated per strain), lMT (eight treated versus seven untreated), and nude (nine treated versus six untreated) mice: ()) no lesions; (+) mild inflammation; (++) moderate inflammation and few small necrotic foci; (+++) severe inflammation and extensive necrosis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4a-d-immunohistochemical-investigation-of-n-caninum-1h9qyo3o.png Fig. 4A–D Immunohistochemical investigation of N. caninum-infected murine (lMT) brains, using a polyclonal rabbit antiN. caninum hyperimmune serum and an FITC-labelled second antibody; 600·. A Uninfected control ()); B mild invasion with tachyzoites (+); C moderate invasion with tachyzoites (++); D severe invasion with tachyzoites (+++) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-assessment-of-the-extent-and-severity-of-cerebral-1bo0b7j7.png Table 5 Assessment of the extent and severity of cerebral lesions related to N. caninum infection after immunohistochemistry from N. caninum-infected treated versus untreated C57BL/6 WT, lMT and nude mice (the same animals as listed in Table 4): ()) no lesions; (+) mild inflammation; (++) moderate inflammation and few small necrotic foci; (+++) severe inflammation and extensive necrosis https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-presence-of-n-caninum-assessed-by-pcr-in-selected-3133gebh.png Table 2 Presence of N. caninum, assessed by PCR, in selected organs in treated versus untreated antibody-deficient lMTmice (numbers of PCR-positive organs per total rgans are shown). Necropsy occurred at day 29 p.i. One mouse died 26 days p.i. in the infection no therapy group, samples from the organs of which were also included https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-antibody-reactivities-se-in-wt-mice-determined-by-3rlbqqst.png Fig. 1 Mean antibody reactivities (±SE) in WT mice determined by ELISA. White bars refer to C57BL/6 and grey bars to BALB/c WT mice. A and B represent uninfected control mice, including both untreated and toltrazuril treated animals. C and D represent infected and toltrazuril-treated mice, E and F infected and untreated animals. * and # indicate statistically significant differences between the respective groups of the respective strain, at P £ 0.05 (Student’s t-test). The difference between D and F was not significant (P=0.27) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-presence-of-n-caninum-assessed-by-pcr-in-selected-1emeqqeq.png Table 3 Presence of N. caninum, assessed by PCR, in selected organs in treated versus untreated athymic nude mice (numbers of PCR-positive organs per total organs are shown). Necropsy occurred at day 29 p.i. Three mice from the infection and therapy group (day 29) died prematurely on day 26 p.i. and two after 27 days p.i. The remaining three mice were killed 28 days after infection because they showed severe clinical signs of neosporosis. Thus, no nude mouse reached the planed time span of 29 days p.i. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-atomic-collisions-in-fusion-25p626mmky 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-30-j72sbyfh.png Fig. 30 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-n-xei-the-product-of-the-plasma-density-and-energy-1u1j1spl.png Fig. 2. n xEi the product of the plasma density and energy confinement time for ignition and energy breakeven (Lawson criteria) for DT and DD plasmas (Jassby and Towner). (773873) Fig. 3. Schematic drawing of charged particle confinement by a magnetic field. (786452). Pig. 4. Schematic Illustration of a tokamak showing the toroidal and pololdal magnetic fields. (754023) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-uyjb65iv.png Fig . 25. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-2hq7myyk.png TABLE II https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-100-0-te-kev-1qhxwj5c.png Fig . 6 100.0 Te(keV) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fig-2-28w5ich7.png Fig. 1 Fig . 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-28-30-3t53jv8z.png Fig . 28 30 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-29-16dg9x21.png Fig . 29 https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-biomarkers-in-detection-of-cardio-toxicity-4d2zzfr4ji 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-generalized-pathway-for-initiation-and-surveillance-of-2xeobslq.png Fig. 1 Generalized pathway for initiation and surveillance of cardio-toxicity with multidisciplinary approach utilizing biomarkers and routine imaging https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-scheme-for-the-role-of-biomarkers-in-cardio-toxicity-1u27clvp.png Fig. 2 A Scheme for the role of biomarkers in cardio-toxicity detection https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-carbon-on-the-electrical-properties-of-58fietuoh1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-schematic-diagram-of-the-energy-bands-p-type-1d5321r3.png FIG. 9. Schematic diagram of the energy bands p-type polySi12yCy showing how the shift inEF 2ET , relative to the polycrystalline Si case, reduc the grain boundary energy barrier for a givenNT . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-graph-of-grain-boundary-trap-energyet-versus-carbon-33do8ixe.png FIG. 10. Graph of grain boundary trap energyET versus carbon content fo the p-type polycrystalline Si12yCy layers, showing how the trap energ level shifts away from the grain boundary Fermi level toward the vale band. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-graph-of-effective-carrier-concentration-versus-carbon-3ouo093h.png FIG. 2. Graph of effective carrier concentration versus carbon conten the n- andp-type polycrystalline Si12yCy and Si0.822yGe0.18Cy layers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-logarithm-of-the-normalized-sheet-resistance-versus-1-3jhq6q6q.png FIG. 5. Logarithm of the normalized sheet resistance versus 1/kT for ~a! n-type polycrystalline Si0.822yGe0.18Cy layers and~b! p-type polycrystalline Si0.822yGe0.18Cy layers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-plot-of-the-grain-boundary-energy-barriereb-vs-c-3crfacjq.png FIG. 6. ~a! Plot of the grain boundary energy barrierEB vs C content for the n-type polycrystalline polySi12yCy and polySi0.822yGe0.18Cy layers.~b! Plot of AEB vs C content for then-type polySi12yCy layers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-plot-of-the-grain-boundary-energy-barrier-versus-c-1r90uu6f.png FIG. 7. Plot of the grain boundary energy barrier versus C content for p-type polycrystalline polySi12yCy layers. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-cdx2-as-a-lineage-specific-transcriptional-594qfb9qi5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cdx2-directly-competes-with-oct4-on-genome-wide-1v76193i.png Figure 4. Cdx2 directly competes with Oct4 on genome-wide regulation of lineage segregation (See also Figs S2 and S3). (a) Relationship between gene expression difference of TS/ES and Cdx2-ChIP-Seq association score. X-axis shows the gene rank after sorting the genome according to expression fold change between TS and ES cells. Y-axis shows the average Cdx2 binding association score from a sliding window of 500 genes. (b) Relationship between gene expression difference of TS/ES and Oct4-ChIP-Seq association score. X-axis shows the gene rank after sorting the genome according to expression fold change between TS and ES cells (Kidder and Palmer, 2010). Y-axis shows the average Oct4 binding association score from a sliding window of 500 genes. (c) Cdx2 ChIP-Seq peaks, H3K27me3 Peaks, DNase Peaks from TS cells in the Pou5f1 gene region viewed with IGV; OSN ChIP-Seq peaks, H3K27me3 Peaks, DNase Peaks from ES cells in the Cdx2 gene region viewed with IGV. OSN: Oct4-Sox2Nanog. (d) Venn diagram show silencer candidates in TS cell (left); Venn diagram show silencer candidates in ES cell (right). (e) GO analysis of silencer-related genes in TS cells; GO analysis of silencer-related genes in ES cells. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-biomass-in-california-s-hydrogen-economy-3v4xnfutau 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-hydrogen-demand-scenarios-2bsutz1j.png Fig. 6. Hydrogen demand scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simplified-picture-of-hydrog-3w410vqm.png Fig. 1. Simplified picture of hydrog https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-greenhouse-gas-emission-factors-1x65x8lm.png Table 4 Greenhouse gas emission factors https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-diagram-of-agricultural-waste-to-hydrogen-system-3lfj0kqr.png Fig. 5. Diagram of agricultural waste to hydrogen system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-results-for-optimal-market-entry-biomass-2bp1jw1o.png Table 6 Summary of results for optimal market-entry biomass supply chains https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-contribution-to-the-delivered-cost-of-biomass-2naw5rzg.png Fig. 12. Contribution to the delivered cost of biomass hydrogen for each component of the system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-total-potential-hydrogen-energy-available-from-waste-30njjp35.png Fig. 2. Total potential hydrogen energy available from waste biomass resources in California. Biomass resource data is taken from California Energy Commission (2004). (1 PJ ¼ 1015 J ¼ approximately 7 million kg of hydrogen). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-sensitivity-analysis-for-scenario-with-rice-straw-and-1w7afxd6.png Fig. 14. Sensitivity analysis for scenario with rice straw and 10% hydrogen demand; the center line represents the base case cost. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-childhood-trauma-in-the-neurobiology-of-mood-and-3vfzqasygz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proposed-model-of-the-interaction-between-genetic-1dy99ro4.png Figure 1. Proposed model of the interaction between genetic disposition and early environment leading to a vulnerable phenotype. Subsequent exposure to stress or trauma throughout the life span may induce exacerbation of pathology based on the underlying vulnerability. Social support or coping styles may buffer the effects of early life stress on vulnerability. Modified by Dr. P.M. Plotsky from Ladd et al (2000) with permission. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-findings-on-the-long-term-neurobiological-b7sojt3g.png Table 1. Findings on the Long-Term Neurobiological Consequences of Early Environmental Variation in Selected Animal Models https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-connections-in-academic-promotions-4isrnqflmu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-quality-of-promoted-candidates-zc54uann.png Table 8: Quality of promoted candidates https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-success-rate-by-committee-composition-3ppxk5l5.png Table 4: Success rate, by committee composition https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-effect-of-connections-on-candidates-success-3p8fe4b9.png Table 5: The effect of connections on candidates’ success https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-heterogeneity-analysis-3ebzaowl.png Table 7: Heterogeneity analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-effect-of-connections-on-candidates-success-by-253y4s7g.png Table 6: The effect of connections on candidates’ success, by disciplinary group https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-examinations-3ot0txnb.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics – Examinations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-eligible-evaluators-and-3845k6o3.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics – Eligible evaluators and candidates https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-confinement-loss-in-highly-nonlinear-silica-1569f3g7cz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-typical-structures-considered-in-this-study-1-2-m-2aobtle1.png Fig. 1. Two typical structures considered in this study ( = 1:2 m), labeled https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-context-in-work-team-diversity-research-a-meta-3egt1tpdqu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-contextual-influences-occupational-demographya-b-1cqhqtfl.png TABLE 3 Contextual Influences: Occupational Demographya, b https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-effects-the-relationship-between-team-diversity-3ar7elx5.png TABLE 2 Main Effects: The Relationship between Team Diversity and Performancea https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-contextual-influences-team-interdependence-and-team-uikic09e.png TABLE 5 Contextual Influences: Team Interdependence and Team Typea https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-contextual-influences-industry-settinga-2az5wrnw.png TABLE 4 Contextual Influences: Industry Settinga https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-cultural-community-and-natural-assets-in-295jehivn6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2ok8c8ty.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-123qq2mk.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-credit-supply-shocks-in-pacific-alliance-4gftjt7qxj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-loan-supply-shocks-with-di-erent-measures-of-1axt6gh6.png Figure 8. Loan Supply Shocks with di¤erent measures of economic activity. The Blue line represents the Median of the distribution using GDP (Baseline speci cation). The red line is the Median of the distribution using Non-Primary GDP. The Black line is the Median of the distribution using Domestic Demand. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-forecast-error-variance-decomposition-fevd-the-4b5yo1la.png Figure 5. Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD). The results are the average of the median variance decomposition at every moment of time. The Blue color represents the contribution of AD shocks, the Green color represents contribution of AS shocks, the Red color means contribution of LS shocks, the Yellow color represents contribution of MP shocks and the Grey color represents the non identifed shocks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-sensibility-1-baseline-higher-and-lower-priors-the-1qjb2sc2.png Figure 12. Sensibility 1: Baseline, Higher and Lower priors. The Blue line represents the results using the Baseline speci cation. The Red line represents the estimation using higher priors. The Black line represent the results usig lower priors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-series-in-levels-2ud9m6bu.png Figure 1. Series in Levels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-evolution-of-impulse-response-to-a-ls-shock-at-the-23j21u28.png Figure 7. Evolution of Impulse Response to a LS Shock at the time of impact. The results are the evolution of the Median of distribution of the Impulse Responses at the time of impact. The Blue lines represent the Median. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-evolution-of-the-e-ect-of-loan-supply-shock-q5bu5ive.png Table 3. Evolution of the E¤ect of Loan Supply Shock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-series-in-annual-growth-rates-odpablic.png Figure 2. Series in Annual Growth Rates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-average-impulse-response-to-a-monetary-policy-35by557u.png Figure 11. Average Impulse Response to a Monetary Policy Shock. The blue lines correspond to the average of median corresponding to every moment of time. The upper and lower red lines represents the con dence intervals that correspond to the 84th and 16th percentiles, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-dat-spect-in-movement-disorders-3r60el8q04 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relevant-drug-interaction-with-dat-spect-3ck59bum.png Table 1. Relevant drug interaction with DAT SPECT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1bc0m55p.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-direct-democracy-and-federalism-in-local-power-7rzwu7y7ct 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-not-possible-to-take-an-active-role-in-a-group-2hjm9jlu.png Figure 2: Not possible to take an active role in a group involved with political issues https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-politics-is-too-complicated-to-understand-3slwwy8y.png Figure 1: Politics is too complicated to understand https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-discuss-politics-less-often-than-once-a-month-157ylihj.png Figure 3: Discuss politics less often than once a month https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fiscal-decentralization-and-political-empowerment-1fay30wa.png Figure 4: Fiscal decentralization and political empowerment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-correlation-between-voter-information-and-political-3gpfj84k.png Figure 5: Correlation between Voter Information and Political Participation Rights in Swiss Cantons, 1995 https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-directionality-in-determining-spatiotemporal-tau-2igzwb64tp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-adding-directionality-to-nt-models-can-improve-upon-3mc8icxf.png Table 1. Adding directionality to NT models can improve upon undirected NT predictions, but regional gene expression information does not. In the above table we compare ΔR-value predictions from our undirected NT model, as compared with anterograde and retrograde DNT, as well as with transmission based upon regions with similar genetic profiles. All modeling of pathology spread has proteinopathy initiating at the reported seedpoints, enumerated in the table above, from each study. The largest ΔR-value, per study (per row), comparing across diffusion models, is bolded. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-economic-growth-and-spatial-effects-in-poverty-45vgt4q47d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-significance-level-of-the-local-moran-i-in-the-37j5etjh.png Figure 2 Significance level of the Local Moran I in the settlements of Northern Hungary, 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-effect-of-economic-growth-on-poverty-statistics-c4bgimqu.png Table 1 The effect of economic growth on poverty statistics in the case of pooled OLS (economic growth is measured with per capita GDP) (t values are in brackets) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-significance-level-of-the-local-moran-i-in-the-3qcy4uyx.png Figure 4 Significance level of the Local Moran I in the settlements of Northern Hungary, 2012 https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-education-in-selection-and-allocation-on-the-2yislpr2vn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-grow-curve-mean-sample-scores-year-1-4-for-progress-jrargupi.png Figure 1. grow curve mean sample scores year 1-4 for Progress tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-estimates-of-the-effects-of-competence-3nlvxpdb.png Table 3. Regression estimates of the effects of competence levels at the start and at the end of medical education on having a specialization position a year and a half after graduation https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-regression-estimates-of-the-effects-of-competence-vlxs4v65.png Table II Regression estimates of the effects of competence indicators at the start of medical education on competence indicators at the end of medical education https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-estimates-of-the-effects-of-competence-30pqbxkf.png Table 2. Regression estimates of the effects of competence levels at the start and at the end of medical education on having a physicians’ job a year and a half after graduation https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-changes-in-chance-to-obtain-a-training-position-in-3t6expj0.png Table 5. Changes in chance to obtain a training position in social medicine (sm) compared with a hospital specialization in training position (hs) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-grow-curve-mean-sample-scores-year-1-4-for-skills-8zmk724p.png Figure 3. grow curve mean sample scores year 1-4 for Skills Tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-grow-curve-mean-sample-scores-year-1-4-for-block-3jxahe36.png Figure 2. grow curve mean sample scores year 1-4 for Block Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimates-of-the-effects-of-competence-levels-at-the-3l831ttn.png Table 6. Estimates of the effects of competence levels at the start of and at the end of medical education on obtaining a higher ranked specialization position based on required further training investment (reflecting expected lifetime income) https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-experience-in-the-interpretation-of-noun-noun-3304yo4dc8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-test-stimulus-vev6ii2u.png Fig. 1 Example of test stimulus https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-electrode-placement-in-bilateral-simultaneously-19ml6tbae5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cochlea-measurement-and-electrode-array-placement-on-2dkrmw7k.png Table 2: Cochlea measurement and electrode array placement on CT scan (19 patients, 486 38 ears) 487 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-inserted-electrodes-cochlear-measurements-1iw34deo.png Table 3: number of inserted electrodes, cochlear measurements and speech perception 493 score at 1 year 494 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-variability-of-the-angular-depth-of-insertion-among-1qq0257p.png Figure 2: Variability of the angular depth of insertion among cochleae with complete array 445 insertion in mid-modiolar cuts and 3D volumetric reconstruction of the array. A. 880-degrees 446 insertion. B. 550-degrees insertion. The asterisks (*) represent the apical electrode. 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-correlation-between-the-size-of-the-cochlea-2o9q5npv.png Figure 3: Correlation between the size of the cochlea (cochlear diameter, cochlear height) and 462 the position of electrode array (Electrode-to-modiolus distance, angular depth of insertion). 463 The lines represent the significant linear regression. 464 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correlations-between-the-electrode-array-position-2hcks6ao.png Figure 4: Correlations between the electrode array position and the speech perception scores 466 in quiet and at SNR +10 dB at 1-year at 180-degrees. No correlation was found at 360-467 degrees. The lines represent the significant linear regression. 468 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patients-demographics-n-19-478-7uw0li3m.png Table 1: Patients Demographics (n = 19) 478 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-431-radiological-analysis-ct-scan-a-cochlear-1z4fjp89.png Figure 1: 431 Radiological analysis (CT scan). A. Cochlear diameter (Distance A). B. The cochlear height 432 was measured in the coronal reconstruction. C. The electrode-to-modiolus distance (EMD) at 433 180-degrees and 360-degrees. D. Angular depth of insertion. 434 https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-electrical-conductivity-in-radarwave-reflection-5dy17aozb8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-we-compile-relative-permittivity-er-and-electrical-1k4xbnwg.png Table 1. We compile relative permittivity, εr, and electrical conductivity, σ , for glacier ice and likely basal and subglacial materials. Whenever possible, the values are reported for temperatures close to the freezing point of freshwater and linear frequencies of tens to hundreds of megahertz. The permittivity and conductivity values are followed by the corresponding dimensionless control parameter ψ = σ/(εω) for 10 and 100 MHz. For each basal and subglacial material, we also give the values of the amplitude reflection coefficient, r (Eq. 7b), and the power reflection coefficient, R (Eq. 9), for a specular basal interface at frequencies of 10 and 100 MHz. R is in decibels, and r is in percent. The last column gives the absolute value of the frequency-independent r under the assumption of zero conductivity (Eq. 11). The values of the power reflection coefficient in decibels are given in the table in italics. ND stands for non-dimensional units. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-h-water-conductivity-measured-in-subglacial-lake-3nbkhw7d.png Fig. 2). h Water conductivity measured in subglacial Lake Whillans of 0.072 S m−1 reported for temperature of 25 ◦C (Christner et al. 2014, Table 1) and corrected to 0 ◦C (Hayashi, 2004). i Value for a sediment sample with 39 % porosity of which three quarters were saturated with deionized water (Arcone et al., 2008, Fig. 8 for 100 MHz). j AEM surveys of glacial sequences in Schamper et al. (2014, Table 1), Høyer et al. (2015, Figs. 5 and 6), and Jørgensen et al. (2015, Fig. 2). k Value for clay fraction with 56 % porosity of which 60 % was saturated with deionized water (Arcone et al., 2008, https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-expectations-in-the-inflation-process-in-the-109ic4ecbi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-variance-decompositions-with-individual-country-data-36dqgicm.png Table 7 Variance decompositions with individual country data https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-estimation-results-with-aggregate-euro-area-and-2upe5qwq.png Table 8 Estimation results with aggregate Euro area and pooled (stacked) cross-country data https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-variance-decompositions-using-ibhu06rq.png Table 3 Comparison of variance decompositions using different specifications https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-impulse-responses-from-aggregate-euro-area-data-h0ovv4bj.png Figure 5 Impulse responses from aggregate Euro area data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-inflation-and-inflation-expectations-en4egmd0.png Figure 4 Evolution of inflation and inflation expectations (OECD June forecasts) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-oecd-inflation-forecasts-for-the-following-year-34avxtf9.png Figure 3 OECD inflation forecasts for the following year https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-variance-decompositions-with-var-1-123rwuvt.png Table 4 Comparison of variance decompositions with VAR(1) model https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-variance-decompositions-with-pooled-cross-country-gp15ri26.png Table 5 Variance decompositions with pooled cross-country data for the Euro area https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-facts-and-hvdc-in-the-future-pan-european-2xzjr6vgzv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-investment-cost-ranges-for-hvdc-devices-1f2z89q1.png Table 5: Investment cost ranges for HVDC devices https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-key-features-of-hvdc-technologies-n2frcf0m.png Table 4: Key features of HVDC technologies https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-surface-occupation-of-selected-facts-devices-3n2s336d.png Table 3: Surface occupation of selected FACTS devices https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-features-of-selected-facts-technologies-3jeu6ccs.png Table 1: Key features of selected FACTS technologies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-investment-cost-ranges-for-facts-ed3wm7m9.png Table 2: Investment cost ranges for FACTS https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-surface-occupation-for-hvdc-devices-average-3bes707d.png Table 6: Surface occupation for HVDC devices (average) https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-fish-predation-on-recruitment-of-mytilus-50n0iphl1q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mixed-nested-anova-test-to-determine-the-effect-of-t4e71m1r.png Table 2 Mixed nested ANOVA test to determine the effect of collector design (non-filamentous without loops; NF-NL, filamentous without loops; F-NL, filamentous loops; F-L, and non-filamentous loops; NF-L) on density (indiv/m) and average shell length (mm) prior to fish predation protection treatment (30th May 2007) (A). Mixed two-level nested factorial ANOVA test to determine the effect of protection treatment (protected or unprotected from fish predation) and collector design on recruitment density and average shell length (11th September 2007) (B). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-collector-designs-a-ropes-with-a-non-filamentous-loop-1q5ujrcc.png Fig. 2. Collector designs. (A) Ropes with a non-filamentous loop (NF-L), (B) ropes with a filamentous loop complement (F-L), (C) non-filamentous ropes without loops complement (NF-NL) and (D) filamentous ropes without loops (F-NL). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-ria-de-ares-betanzos-showing-the-arnela-1xq7oeg5.png Fig. 1. Map of the Rıa de Ares-Betanzos showing the Arnela area under study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-recruitment-densities-indiv-m-in-the-protected-black-30kn2jo6.png Fig. 3. Recruitment densities (indiv/m) in the protected (black squares) and unprotected (white squares) long-lines for the different collector designs tested (non-filamentous without loops; NF-NL, filamentous without loops; F-NL, filamentous loops; F-L, and non-filamentous loops; NF-L). Post hoc results for the interaction between factors (protection and collector design) are illustrated with different letters for significant differences in density https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-fault-zone-architectural-elements-on-pore-3l70e6n7y8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-permeability-m2-values-varied-in-sensitivity-study-2et440ai.png Table 2 – Permeability (m2) values varied in sensitivity study. 367 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-injection-seismicity-and-fluid-pressure-data-from-3cl1vtm1.png Table 1 - Injection, seismicity, and fluid pressure data from case studies documenting instances 109 of induced seismicity across the USA. 110 https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-fees-in-patent-systems-theory-and-evidence-4bu38kag1e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evolution-of-application-fees-at-the-uspto-in-2pcmcxx6.png Figure 1: Evolution of application fees at the USPTO in constant (2005) U.S. dollars, 1790-2005. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-relative-application-fees-at-the-uspto-36z4ac1q.png Figure 2: Evolution of relative application fees at the USPTO, 1790-2005. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-policy-choice-regarding-pre-and-post-grant-fees-2hfu8kvx.png Table 1: Policy choice regarding pre- and post-grant fees. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-overview-of-the-structure-of-fees-m6gypnvz.png Figure 4: Overview of the structure of fees. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fees-in-a-selected-number-of-patent-offices-2010-eur-31vdhfts.png Table 3: Fees in a selected number of patent offices (2010, EUR). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fees-up-to-the-grant-and-post-grant-fees-across-1m7nzajk.png Figure 3: Fees up to the grant and post-grant fees across patent offices, 2010. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-strengths-and-weaknesses-of-low-and-high-fees-3u70ax04.png Table 2: Strengths and weaknesses of low and high fees. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-gender-in-agent-banking-evidence-from-the-3lpi308lmv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-transaction-amounts-in-senegal-32b8ikpx.png Table 11. Transaction amounts in Senegal https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-summary-statistics-for-senegal-2q2ae82e.png Table 8. Summary statistics for Senegal https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-probability-of-transacting-at-female-agents-in-the-1xgnilbp.png Table 4. Probability of transacting at female agents in the Democratic Republic of Congo https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-dyadic-regressions-in-the-democratic-republic-of-1k87uul6.png Table 5. Dyadic regressions in the Democratic Republic of Congo https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-dyadic-regressions-in-senegal-ohfmfkai.png Table 10. Dyadic regressions in Senegal https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-probability-of-transacting-at-female-agent-in-3jl24wez.png Table 9. Probability of transacting at female agent in Senegal https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-agent-characteristics-in-the-democratic-republic-of-313g5icb.png Table 1. Agent characteristics in the Democratic Republic of Congo https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-customer-characteristics-about-transactions-in-the-icfkg6o6.png Table 2. Customer characteristics about transactions in the Democratic Republic of Congo https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-forest-residues-in-the-accounting-for-the-global-1ox50astxn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-symbols-used-in-the-equations-with-2wjl8det.png Table 2 List of symbols used in the equations with definitions and dimensions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-atmospheric-co2-decay-profiles-due-to-a-unit-co2-3vsaxv4t.png Fig. 2 (a) Atmospheric CO2 decay profiles due to a unit CO2 pulse of bioenergy at conversion site with consideration of CO2 emissions due to decomposition of the fraction of forest residues that remain upon the forest floor. (b) Associated cumulative radiative forcing. The nine FR extraction scenarios are considered, along with a unit fossil CO2 emission pulse. (*: environmental guideline of 25% foliage extraction). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-normalized-growth-rate-g-t-and-the-normalized-fr-35lr48fz.png Fig. 1 The normalized growth rate, g(t′), and the normalized FR decomposition curves corresponding to the different FR extraction scenarios, FR (t′), considered in this study (*: environmental guideline of 25% foliage extraction). https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-geographic-mobility-in-reducing-education-job-icq700qkpp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3b-relationship-between-mobility-and-education-job-2htajey1.png Table 3b. Relationship between mobility and education-job mismatches: results of five separate binary logistic regressionsa https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-five-separate-binary-logistic-regressions-9udqxr09.png Table 4. Results of five separate binary logistic regressions for graduates with different levels of educationa https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-variables-used-in-the-analysis-23560f5y.png Table 1. Distribution of variables used in the analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-geographic-mobility-and-five-education-job-1lpb3r17.png Table 2. Average geographic mobility and five education-job mismatches by personal and labor market characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-relationship-between-mobility-and-32-3dxs9rzk.png Table 5. The relationship between mobility and 32 combinations of education-job (mis)matches: results of the multinomial logit regressiona https://scispace.com/figures/table-3a-relationship-between-mobility-and-education-job-1br1oalp.png Table 3b. Relationship between mobility and education-job mismatches: results of five separate binary logistic regressionsa https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-giant-viruses-of-amoebas-in-humans-38si34a2r5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-evidence-of-associations-of-mimiviruses-2zgdyyjr.png Table 1. Summary of evidence of associations of mimiviruses or marseilleviruses with humans and of a possible pathogenic role 497 498 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1xlpqhlo.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-v1en5tbu.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-hybridization-during-ecological-divergence-of-5xn3hqnfgx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-of-genetic-diversity-and-divergence-within-13jhe8vh.png Table 2. Estimates of genetic diversity and divergence within and across the three groups, compared to a genome-wide FST-species of 928 0.02 (95% CI: 0.008–0.03) and FST-strobiformis of 0.009 (95% CI: 0.007–0.014). 929 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-model-composite-likelihoods-and-aic-model-selection-25q25s8l.png Table 3. Model composite likelihoods and AIC model selection results for 11 alternative demographic models of P. strobiformis 930 (core and periphery)–P. flexilis divergence. The best supported model, that with the minimum AIC score (hence, ΔAICi = 0), is 931 underlined, and the two best models are shown in boldface. 932 933 https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-high-pressure-coolant-in-the-wear-2dfyi7le0k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tool-stress-profiles-and-tccl-for-a-flood-150-m-min-b-2xe90zfk.png Fig. 5. – Tool stress profiles and TCCL for (a) flood – 150 m/min, (b) 1000 psi – 150 m/min and (c) 1000 psi – 250 m/min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-cutting-forces-for-flood-150-m-min-1000-psi-150-m-min-34weoapp.png Fig. 8. – Cutting forces for flood – 150 m/min, 1000 psi – 150 m/min and 1000 psi – 250 m/min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-volumetric-analysis-of-worn-tools-for-a-flood-150-m-19mofr4q.png Fig. 10. – Volumetric analysis of worn tools for (a) flood – 150 m/min, (b) 1000 psi – 150 m/min and (c) 1000 psi – 250 m/min, indicating the volumes of adhered and removed material from the cutting inserts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-flank-wear-comparison-chart-mrr-material-removal-rates-3iitxafr.png Fig. 6. – Flank wear comparison chart + MRR (Material Removal Rates) for all conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-machine-tool-b-workpiece-dynamometer-tool-holder-2m98xjrw.png Fig. 2. – (a) Machine tool, (b) workpiece, dynamometer, tool holder setup and (c) detailed view of tool and coolant-through tool holder. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-glycaemic-lipid-blood-pressure-and-obesity-risk-15ep1g4ogg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-observational-and-instrumental-variables-estimates-8u3bxnvh.png Figure 2: Observational and Instrumental Variables Estimates of the effect of height on cardiometabolic events. Effect estimates represent the OR (95% CI) per 1 SD increase in height, observational estimates were adjusted for age and sex. Causal estimates were derived from instrumental variable (IV) analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-of-the-study-design-a-using-individual-3477jyyt.png Figure 1: Flowchart of the study design. A: Using individual level data from UK Biobank B: Using summary data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-multivariate-separate-sample-mr-analysis-of-the-k09wg3qn.png Figure 4: Multivariate separate-sample MR analysis of the effect of height (per SD) on A. CAD and B. T2D. Analysis indicates the genetic effect of each trait. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-sample-mendelian-randomisation-analyses-3pwjbled.png Figure 3: Two sample Mendelian Randomisation analyses - Estimates of the Effect of height on A. Coronary Artery Disease and B. Type 2 Diabetes, after removing variants nominally associated with BMI, lipids or blood pressure. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-hydrogen-in-the-formation-of-microcrystalline-1lw3jj2qey 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-deposition-conditions-used-in-the-layer-by-layer-1vcztwd5.png Table I. Deposition conditions used in the layer-by-layer process https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-institutions-in-european-patterns-of-work-and-1kwmjowk7h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-regression-results-disability-insurance-enrolment-vsg3zf86.png Table 9 : Regression results disability insurance enrolment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-distribution-of-self-reported-retirees-2tindwdr.png Figure 10. Distribution of self-reported Retirees https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-different-concepts-of-economic-activity-unemployed-2wvmnf4t.png Figure 5: Different concepts of economic activity: Unemployed https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-age-when-receiving-a-pension-for-the-first-1ss07cil.png Table 5: Average age when receiving a pension for the first time, by gender and country https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-health-and-disability-insurance-enrolment-by-3ommzayw.png Figure 13: Health and disability insurance enrolment, by country https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-health-by-disability-insurance-enrolment-across-1f8tbmi9.png Figure 12: Health by disability insurance enrolment, across all countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-different-concepts-of-economic-activity-disabled-10zc7i8q.png Figure 6: Different concepts of economic activity: Disabled https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-reasons-for-retirement-by-gender-and-country-fe9n3h2o.png Table 6: Reasons for retirement by gender and country https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-inference-in-the-anonymization-of-medical-3iisnuy6lg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-slicing-example-2rr3znf4.png TABLE IX SLICING - EXAMPLE https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-k-3-lattice-101-17slqtrp.png TABLE II K=3 LATTICE 1,0,1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-classification-of-attribute-example-3t8jvkrq.png TABLE I CLASSIFICATION OF ATTRIBUTE - EXAMPLE https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-example-1-lattice-101-70kp5ib3.png TABLE V EXAMPLE 1 LATTICE 1,0,1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-example-2-lattice-002-1ssc7oue.png TABLE VI EXAMPLE 2 LATTICE 0,0,2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-anatomization-sensitive-table-2xgnrw69.png TABLE VIII ANATOMIZATION - SENSITIVE TABLE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-lattice-32v8ak1m.png Fig. 1. Lattice https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-intermediaries-in-the-small-business-transfer-21e1nq5yah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-results-favad8u0.png Table 6. Summary of results https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-coding-categories-for-stage-2-preparation-3j9ai2u5.png Table 3: Coding categories for Stage 2 – Preparation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-description-3800yrzt.png Table 1: Sample description https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-coding-categories-for-stage-1-orientation-cnpbu5ve.png Table 2: Coding categories for Stage 1 – Orientation https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-coding-categories-for-stage-4-and-5-negotiation-and-2qfpg2qc.png Table 5: Coding categories for Stage 4 and 5 – Negotiation and contract https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-internet-in-the-development-of-future-software-jx3379a11c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-social-network-bmpt4wq6.png Figure 5. Social network https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-social-network-organisation-during-the-year-2001-1op8eimc.png Figure 3. Social network organisation during the year 2001 https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-internal-auditing-in-corporate-governance-a-2tad5pi17d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-research-agenda-ltg649mo.png Table 1. Summary of the research agenda https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-interference-between-vectors-in-control-of-plant-5bgog17a4i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proportionate-decrease-of-the-number-of-plants-1vgrbw25.png Figure 2: Proportionate decrease of the number of plants visited by a transient aphid as a function of the abundance of resident aphids, for two values of parameter ν1 and α1, in a plant displaying a reference plant hosting capacity (i.e. h = hR, thus the value of f(·) is independent of the interference scenario). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-single-host-multi-30pg0dq4.png Figure 1: Schematic representation of the single host-multi vector model, where the the total number of host plants is partitioned into susceptible (S) and infected (I) individuals. Aphids are partitioned into non viruliferous (Xi) and viruliferous (Zi), and are classified as resident (i = R) or transient (i = T ). Dashed arrows identify the contacts between viruliferous aphids and susceptible plants, and between infected plants and non viruliferous aphids, which affect the infection rates. Circles identify the processes affected by inferences exerted by resident towards transient aphids (visiting interference in white and emigration interference in black). The total number of plants per hectare is NP = S+I, the average number of resident aphids per plant is NR = XR + ZR and the average number of transient aphids visiting a plant per unit time is NT = XT + ZT . Details on the processes involved are given in the main text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-response-of-the-basic-reproduction-number-r0-in-2d4n27z5.png Figure 3: Response of the basic reproduction number R0 (in bold and green) and its components RR0 (in blue) and RT0 (in red) to changes in (A) plant hosting capacity (h) under indirect (continuous line) and direct (dashed line) interference scenarios, (B) resident aphids mortality (µ), (C) roguing rate (ρ). Note that in (A) blue continuous and dashed lines overlap. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-response-of-r0-to-changes-in-plant-hosting-capacity-2l5qsa6u.png Figure 4: Response of R0 to changes in: plant hosting capacity (h) and resident aphid mortality (µ) (A-B); plant hosting capacity (h) and roguing rate (ρ) (C-D); resident aphid mortality (µ) and roguing rate (ρ) (E), under different interference scenarios (indirect and direct). Note that the interference scenario has no effect on R0 when µ and ρ are simultaneously varied (E). Black areas identify values of R0 < 1, corresponding to disease eradication. Other model parameters are set to default values (Table 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-state-variables-and-parameters-2jrzyrpb.png Table 1: Model state variables and parameters https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-item-fixation-in-haptic-search-3n5xo8jj1q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-shows-a-right-hand-with-palm-facing-towards-the-1sqb1j74.png Figure 1: a) Shows a right hand with palm facing towards the front and the item positions are labelled according to the positions in the grid at which they could be fixed, shown on the right. b) Schematic drawing of the different methods of item fixation (in this case a cube). In the left-hand image the cube is rigidly fixed to a metal tube (fixed), while in the right-hand image the cube is fixed to a flexible wire which is pulled through a metal tube (partly fixed). The free wire end had a length of 0.5 cm. c) A picture of a subject in the set-up. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-left-hand-panels-show-the-results-for-search-3pv966ki.png Figure 2: The left-hand panels show the results for search for a cube among spheres and the right-hand panels show results for search for a sphere among cubes. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean. a) Response times averaged over subjects for target present, indicated with p, and target absent trials, indicated with a, in each of the item fixation methods. b) Response times for the different target positions. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-land-surface-processes-in-modulating-the-indian-204i6lv4dv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-time-latitude-cross-sections-of-30-day-average-dmx9cpny.png Figure 3: (a): Time-latitude cross-sections of 30-day average precipitation (mm day-1, 70°-90°E average, contours every 2 mm day-1, shaded above 8 mm day-1), and 850-hPa winds (m s-1, 50°-65°E average, displayed for speed above 5 m s-1) in the May experiment. (b): Change in precipitation (mm day-1, zero contour in grey) and 850-hPa winds (m s-1, displayed for speed above 2 m s-1) between the first two months in the May experiment. (c): As (b), but for the change between the equilibrium and the initial state. (d)-(f): As (a)-(c) but for the March experiment. (g)-(i): As (a)-(c) but for the July experiment. The black dots mark the grid points at 95% or higher significance level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-latitude-variation-of-precipitation-mm-day-1-3iqt4sif.png Figure 2: Time-latitude variation of precipitation (mm day-1) averaged over 70°-90°E for (a) observations and (b) simulated by CTL, with the black line representing the 5 mm day-1 contour for each simulated year. May-average precipitation (mm day-1) and 850-hPa winds (m s-1) in (c) observations and (d) simulated by CTL. (e): June-May change in precipitation (mm day-1, with the zero contour line in grey) and 850-hPa winds (m s-1) simulated by CTL. (f): average of precipitation (mm day-1) and 850-hPa winds (m s-1) over the first 30 days of the perpetual May experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-longitude-cross-sections-20deg-28degn-average-2n6g0vrd.png Figure 4: Time-longitude cross-sections (20°-28°N average, land-only points) of 30-day averages from the May experiment. (a): Precipitation (mm day-1, shades) and 0-4 cm total liquid soil moisture content (volumetric fraction, contours). (b): (1000-300)-hPa integrated moisture flux (kg m-1 s-1, arrows, displayed for magnitude above 50 kg m-1 s-1), its convergence (mm day-1, shades, zero line in grey), and evaporation (mm day-1, contours). (c): 900-hPa specific humidity (g kg-1, shades) and surface skin temperature (°C, contours). (d): 925-hPa moist static energy (°C after dividing by cp, the specific heat capacity at constant pressure, shades) and sensible heat flux (mm day-1 after multiplying by 86400 Lv-1 with Lv the latent heat of evaporation, contours). The black dots mark the grid points at 95% or higher significance level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pentad-variations-of-precipitation-mm-day-1-blue-3l5mqmfd.png Figure 5: Pentad variations of precipitation (mm day-1, blue), surface skin temperature (°C, red), sensible heat flux (W m-2, purple), evaporation (mm day-1, light blue), and meridional wind (m s-1, black) in the May experiment. The time series are averaged over (72°-85°E, 20°-25°N; land-only points), except for the meridional wind (85°-90°E, 15°-20°N). For some variables, the original (XO) value has been scaled to fit the same vertical axis (XN): evaporation EN = 3 x EO, surface temperature TN = 2 x (TO – 25), sensible heat flux SN = SO / 7. The long-dashed vertical yellow lines correspond to the peaks in precipitation. The short-dashed lines are the logarithmic fits to the respective time series. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pentad-observed-climatological-1981-2000-average-f2vhw66s.png Figure 1: Pentad observed climatological (1981-2000 average) latitude-time variations of precipitation (mm day-1, shades, average over 70°-90°E), SST (°C, black contours, average over 50°-75°E), and 850- hPa winds (m s-1, average over 50°-65°E, displayed for speed above 5 m s-1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-lead-lag-regressions-of-pentad-precipitation-mm-day-1royktow.png Figure 6: Lead/lag regressions of pentad precipitation (mm day-1, shades), surface skin temperature (°C, black contours), and 850-hPa winds (vectors, displayed for speed above 0.3 m s-1) for the May experiment. Regressions are calculated with respect to a reference time series of precipitation over (72°-85°E, 20°-25°N), and are displayed at 5-day intervals from -20 days to +15 days. The lag = 0 days represents simultaneous regressions with the reference time series. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-large-scale-energy-storage-design-and-dispatch-4x432bf5cd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-generators-by-load-area-25qll05j.png Table 1 Generators by load area. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-penetration-as-a-function-of-system-size-for-three-1qc4tzcs.png Fig. 3. Penetration as a function of system size for three scenarios. The model increases sy increases to reach to the indicated penetration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-grid-penetration-of-energy-from-variable-renewable-xuz2ykkk.png Fig. 2. Grid penetration of energy from variable renewable system as a fu https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparing-the-role-of-transmission-increase-versus-2c60a2ws.png Table 4 Comparing the role of transmission increase versus storage at 80% energy penetration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-fraction-of-renewable-energy-delivered-using-energy-ft7t2wfi.png Fig. 11. Fraction of renewable energy delivered using energy storage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-conventional-backup-requirement-l0nf7p7r.png Fig. 12. Conventional backup requirement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dependence-of-grid-penetration-o-1ekk3day.png Fig. 4. Dependence of grid penetration o https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-trend-of-grid-penetration-right-y-axis-and-nec-2zs805yr.png Fig. 5. The trend of grid penetration (right y-axis) and NEC (left y-axis) as system size increases. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-localization-in-glasses-and-supercooled-liquids-16d5wgzrhe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-fraction-of-modes-pc-n-50-40-for-temperatures-3ks97tlq.png FIG. 8. Fraction of modes@pc~n!50.40#, for temperatures simulated on the inverse sixth system. Shown are the fractionsf for the imaginary frequency modes, all unstable modes, extended unstable modes, and finally the l ized unstable modes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-inverse-sixth-density-of-states-at-a-temperature-1sek2was.png FIG. 7. The inverse sixth density of states~at a temperature of 0.20! for the imaginary frequencies and the corresponding unstable modes. As expe the unstable mode density of states is of lesser area than that of the im nary frequencies for a given temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-same-as-previous-figure-except-withpc-n-50-375-opf0loht.png FIG. 9. Same as previous figure except withpc~n!50.375 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-average-unstable-mode-barrier-height-stars-for-the-cp0gij0i.png FIG. 11. Average unstable mode barrier height~stars! for the supercooled inverse sixth power fluid at a temperature ofT*50.12 as a function of imaginary frequency. The circles show the average distance of the centr configuration point from the top of the barrier~for this data the error bars are smaller than the size of the symbols and are omitted!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-ln-d-uvu-2uvu-for-the-inverse-sixth-power-potential-2zyyme42.png FIG. 10. ln@D~uvu!/~2uvu!# for the inverse sixth power potential at two tem peratures~T*50.2 and 1.0! plotted vsv2 andv4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-the-lennard-jones-unstable-mode-density-of-states-for-2jlqhams.png FIG. 14. The Lennard-Jones unstable-mode density of states for a variety o temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-average-inm-density-of-states-as-a-function-of-3037psba.png FIG. 12. The average INM density of states as a function of frequency several temperatures for the Lennard-Jones potential. Once again, for play purposes, the imaginary frequencies are shown as negative frequen https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-average-participation-ratio-p-n-as-a-function-of-63fr7pm5.png FIG. 13. The average participation ratio,p~n!, as a function of frequency for the same temperatures as shown previously for the Lennard-Jones D Once again, the imaginary frequencies are shown as negative frequenc https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-libraries-in-contemporary-african-society-v1aaoju77a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-benefits-derived-by-users-of-libraries-3mxuostv.png Table 1. Benefits derived by users of libraries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-african-undersea-cables-2016-map-courtesy-of-steve-zjli3pxe.png Figure 1. African undersea cables (2016). Map courtesy of Steve Song. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-life-history-traits-for-bryophyte-community-2u3vbl36ms 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-life-history-traits-included-as-explanatory-1hliu3j8.png TABLE 1. Life history traits included as explanatory variables. Bryophytes and their respective trait values are given in Appendix 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-life-history-strategy-frequency-and-number-of-20f9facz.png TABLE 2. (A) Life-history strategy frequency (%) and number of species (in parentheses) within each regional species pool. (B) Growth-form type frequency (%) and number of species (in parentheses) within each regional species pool. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-environmental-variables-mean-values-6-se-measured-3ms0tb5s.png TABLE 3. Environmental variables (mean values 6 SE) measured for Setesdal (n 5 200) and Hol (n 5 181): A) Plant community properties, B) Soil properties. * p , 0.05, ** p , 0.01 and *** p , 0.001 (two-sample t-test). https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-lubricant-feed-temperature-on-the-performance-of-20r195qua4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-influence-of-lubricant-tf-on-the-eccentricity-ratio-2vclditw.png Figure 3 Influence of lubricant Tf on the eccentricity ratio of (a) bearing B3V1 (b) bearing B2V1 (N = 4,000 rpm, pf = 100 kPa) (see online version for colours) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-influence-of-lubricant-tf-on-a-bush-maximum-347kves9.png Figure 8 Influence of lubricant Tf on (a) bush maximum temperature (b) lubricant outlet temperature (bearing B3V1, N = 4,000 rpm, pf =100 kPa) (see online version https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-influence-of-tf-on-a-total-flow-rate-b-90o-groove-3kgoac0s.png Figure 4 Influence of Tf on (a) total flow rate (b) +90º groove flow rate (c) –90º groove flow rate (bearing B3V1, N = 4,000 rpm, pf = 100 kPa) (see online version for colours) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-influence-of-lubricant-tf-on-the-temperature-10rif7rh.png Figure 7 Influence of lubricant Tf on the temperature profile at midplane of the inner bush surface for (a) W = 0.4 kN (b) 1 kN (c) 2 kN (bearing B3V1, N = 4,000 rpm, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-influence-of-tf-on-a-total-flow-rate-b-90o-groove-2od3g6d6.png Figure 5 Influence of Tf on (a) total flow rate (b) +90º groove flow rate (c) –90º groove flow rate (bearing B2V1, N = 2,000rpm, pf = 100 kPa) (see online version for colours) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-bearing-characteristics-lubricant-properties-3vokq4ia.png Table 1 Main bearing characteristics, lubricant properties and operating conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-overview-of-the-test-rig-see-online-2ozhh3a3.png Figure 1 Schematic overview of the test rig (see online version for colours) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-temperature-profile-at-the-midplane-of-the-inner-bal7brif.png Figure 9 Temperature profile at the midplane of the inner bush surface for different loads and two different Tf for (a) N = 2,000 rpm (b) 4,000 rpm. Influence of Tf on maximum bush temperature and lubricant outlet temperature for (c) 2,000 rpm (d) 4,000 rpm (bearing https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-macrophage-migration-inhibitory-factor-in-43t1kjbx2n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-mif-induced-cardioprotective-effects-2j2o21a1.png Table 1. Summary of MIF-induced cardioprotective effects during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-microbial-mats-during-primary-succession-in-3tmvn8ftl6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simplified-scheme-of-a-laminated-microbial-mat-showing-9xkbspca.png Fig. 1. Simplified scheme of a laminated microbial mat showing the diurnal fluctuations of oxygen and sulphide concentrations in relation to the vertical distribution of functional groups of micro-organisms. The dashed arrows indicate the possible migration of motile colourless sulphur bacteria to exploit the shifting gradients of sulphide and oxygen (after: van Gemerden 1993). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-oxygen-concentration-in-experimental-pots-related-to-26ab3mnz.png Fig. 2. Oxygen concentration in experimental pots related to the root biomass (in g per individual) of dune slack species. A = active mat, wet; C = heated mat, wet; E = active mat, juveniles planted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-survival-of-seedlings-of-three-dune-slack-14mivtz6.png Table 1. Percentage survival of seedlings of three dune slack species grown under various treatments of microbial mats: A = active mat, wet; B = active mat, moist; C = heated mat, wet; D = heated mat, moist; E = active mat, juveniles planted. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-maps-in-neighborhood-level-heat-vulnerability-1ls2w4g3ns 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-addressing-decision-maker-needs-a-heat-1ttdzngw.png Figure 5. Addressing decision-maker needs. (a) Heat vulnerability index for the general population vs. (b) index for elderly population. (Data source: Statistics Canada, Ministry of Health and Long Term Care.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-screenshots-of-a-heat-vulnerability-index-across-2cla42qf.png Figure 7. Screenshots of a heat vulnerability index across different OWA decision strategiesa; (a) optimistic, (b) neutral, and (c) pessimistic strategy. (Data source: Statistics Canada.) https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-mass-transfer-and-common-envelope-evolution-in-3z85kz2abm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-top-specific-angular-momentum-in-units-of-a2orb-for-294a1vbp.png Fig. 3. Top: specific angular momentum in units of a2Ωorb for the donor, the accretor, and the first three Lagrangian points as a function of the mass ratio. Bottom: volume equivalent radii for the donor corresponding to the L2 and L3 equipotentials. Volume equivalent radius for L2 is taken from the fit of Marchant et al. (2016), which due to small errors in the fit results in a slightly larger value than the radius for the L3 equipotential at q = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-summary-of-final-outcomes-for-simulations-of-circular-1ytmlewb.png Fig. 8. Summary of final outcomes for simulations of circular binaries consisting of a BH and a 30 M star at a metallicity of Z /10, and a CE efficiency parameter αCE = 1. Horizontal dotted lines indicate boundaries for an interaction before different evolutionary stages of the star. For systems that undergo stable MT, black horizontal lines indicate regions where the donor exceeded the L2 equipotential, while cross hatched regions mark regions where also the L3 equipotential is exceeded. Black rectangles indicate systems that do not interact or would result in a Roche lobe filling system at ZAMS. Systems that undergo stable MT or eject their envelope during CE evolution are denoted by “st. MT” and “CE ej.”, respectively, and they are separated into systems forming binary BHs that would merge in less or more than a Hubble time. Systems marked as “CE merger” merge during the CE phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-binding-energy-profiles-of-the-donor-in-a-system-with-3e3gn10u.png Fig. 15. Binding energy profiles of the donor in a system with an initial mass of 30 M and a BH companion of 14.1 M at an orbital period of 2344 days. Profiles are shown at RLOF, at the onset of CE evolution, and after detachment from CE for αCE = 1 and 0.1. Vertical lines indicate the final mass after CE evolution at the two efficiencies considered. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-hr-diagram-showing-the-evolution-of-a-system-gbi4lvzb.png Fig. 16. HR diagram showing the evolution of a system undergoing CE evolution composed of a 30 M donor with a 14.1 M BH companion at an initial period of 2344 days. Results are shown for two values of the efficiency of CE evolution, αCE = 1 and αCE = 0.1, with the evolution prior to CE being identical. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-binding-energy-of-the-envelope-of-a-star-with-an-2m4g9gz8.png Fig. 17. Binding energy of the envelope of a star with an initial mass of 30 M as a function of the radius at RLOF. Solid lines indicate the results from our αCE = 1 grid with three different mass ratios q = 0.17, 0.29, and 0.45. Dotted lines show the binding energy at a given radius deduced from a single star model, including the results obtained with the fit of Xu & Li (2010), the fit of Claeys et al. (2014), and assuming the bottom of the envelope to be at X = 0.1, X = 0.3, or to correspond to the bottom of the convective envelope. Symbols indicate whether the binary undergoes RLOF before or after core helium depletion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-d-2-binding-energy-of-the-envelope-of-a-post-main-1nl4ae5o.png Fig. D.2. Binding energy of the envelope of a post-main-sequence 30 M model with a metallicity of Z /10 computed with increasing spatial and temporal resolution. For each track we indicate the average number of zones in the model as well as the steps taken in the simulation. The lowest resolution track shown corresponds to our default setup. For comparison, we include the binding energies obtained using our default resolution together with the fits of Xu & Li (2010) and Claeys et al. (2014). Before the formation of a convective envelope, the binding energies computed at X = 0.1 and X = 0.3 almost overlap. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-binding-energy-of-the-envelope-of-a-30-m-post-main-2i2jgg56.png Fig. 6. Binding energy of the envelope of a 30 M post main-sequence star as a function of radius. Tracks are shown for our default set of physical assumptions, as well as for a model with increased overshooting and one with increased mass loss rates. For each model, we also show the binding energy resulting from the fits of Xu & Li (2010) and Claeys et al. (2014). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-radius-top-and-binding-energy-bottom-profiles-for-a-30-2o0xxx5e.png Fig. 7. Radius (top) and binding energy (bottom) profiles for a 30 M single star at different evolutionary stages. A profile near the end of core helium-burning (Yc = 0.08), but before the formation of a convective envelope, is included. Also, a profile is shown corresponding to the beginning of the formation of a deep convective envelope, taken as the first point in the evolution where the mass of the convective envelope Mconv env is larger than 1 M . https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-neighborhood-characteristics-in-mortgage-default-1pqiigbggu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-default-hazards-by-month-since-origination-and-3ssyc72o.png Figure 4: Default Hazards by Month Since Origination and Origination Year https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-loan-and-borrower-characteristics-2oqujr1m.png Table 1: Loan and Borrower Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-census-tract-foreclosure-rates-in-new-york-city-by-2tkmfqaw.png Figure 3: Census Tract Foreclosure Rates in New York City by Percent Black Residents https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-neighborhood-characteristics-112uyv51.png Table 2: Neighborhood Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-notices-of-foreclosure-and-percent-black-residents-3ba2l9a2.png Figure 2: Notices of Foreclosure and Percent Black Residents in New York City Census Tracts https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-hazard-models-of-default-for-adjustable-rate-3oj0vrio.png Table 4: Hazard Models of Default for Adjustable Rate Mortgages - Home Purchases and Refinances https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-originations-in-the-analysis-sample-by-quarter-2rhyd49e.png Figure 1: Originations in the Analysis Sample by Quarter https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-hazard-models-of-default-for-fixed-rate-mortgages-39uiq5nh.png Table 5: Hazard Models of Default for Fixed Rate Mortgages https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-organizational-identities-for-policy-integration-23jw1kzl4d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-the-subregions-trqvn00q.png Table 2 Description of the subregions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-rvg-committees-represented-in-the-9lwzla18.png Table 1 Description of the RVG committees represented in the Sustainable Development Drafting Committee (SDDC) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-organizational-structure-of-the-sddc-379t3qq8.png Fig. 1 Organizational structure of the SDDC https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-palladium-dynamics-in-the-surface-catalysis-of-4txf863gu3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-scheme-of-proposed-reaction-mechanism-based-on-1tkqsfcv.png Figure 4 A scheme of proposed reaction mechanism based on analytical evidences for Pd/H-CNTs and Pd/L-CNTs during catalyzations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-high-resolution-microscopic-observations-of-pd-h-2fo8wd2i.png Figure 3 High resolution microscopic observations of Pd/H-CNTs and Pd/L-CNTs after 1 hour catalyzation. a, high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image of a Pd nanoparticle on L-CNTs. b, HRTEM image of a Pd nanoparticle on H-CNTs. c, Energy dispersion Xray in the STEM mode (STEM-EDX) maps of a Pd nanoparticle supported on H-CNTs. d, STEM-EDX maps of a Pd nanoparticle supported on L-CNTs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-microscopic-observations-of-pd-h-cnts-and-pd-lcnts-30amj05m.png Figure 2 Microscopic observations of Pd/H-CNTs and Pd/LCNTs after 1 hour catalyzations. a, STEM image of Pd/H-CNTs. b, Transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of Pd/HCNTs. c, STEM image of Pd/L-CNTs. d, TEM image of Pd/LCNTs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-microscopic-image-of-pdnps-on-cnts-conversion-1nk0vx45.png Figure 1 Microscopic image of PdNPs on CNTs, conversion versus reaction time, and pictures of reaction solutions. a, scanning transmission electron (STEM) image of Pd/H-CNTs. b, STEM image of Pd/L-CNTs. c, Conversion of Suzuki-Miyaura reactions as a function of reaction time when using Pd/H-CNTs and Pd/L-CNTs as catalysts. Reactants of iodobenzene, phenylboronic acid, together with K2CO3 were heated to 60C in a mixture of water and DMF (1:1). d, Solution image of Pd/HCNTs after 1 hour reaction and 10 minutes standing. d, Filtrate of the solution in Figure 1d. f, Solution image of Pd/L-CNTs after 1 hour reaction and 10 minutes standing. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-people-and-social-context-in-promoting-the-it-x6qr0crv1e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-results-of-the-structural-model-related-to-cfos-1n0ownn7.png Figure 1 – Results of the structural model related to CFOs https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-constructs-operationalization-tbdcgide.png Table 2 – Constructs operationalization https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cfo-respondent-profile-29en7y6o.png Table 3 – CFO respondent profile https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-survey-based-studies-reviewed-with-it-business-25o9mroz.png Table 1 – Survey-based studies reviewed with IT-business interaction variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cio-respondent-profile-3bysftq3.png Table 4 – CIO respondent profile https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-facilitating-organizational-superior-performance-2706otgg.png Figure 3 – Facilitating organizational superior performance through the strategic application of Information technologies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-results-of-the-structural-model-related-to-cios-um2d45p3.png Figure 2 – Results of the structural model related to CIOs https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-perceived-justice-in-buyer-supplier-4kkfa1sx8u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measures-and-descriptive-statistics-2mpex43e.png Table 3. Measures and Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-results-inter-personal-justice-and-2q9fs56n.png Table 6. Summary of Results: Inter-Personal Justice and Performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-results-inter-organisational-justice-and-2jnc8pvj.png Table 5. Summary of Results: Inter-Organisational Justice and Performance https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-peritoneal-cytology-at-risk-reducing-salpingo-2vzo4kos2r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-occult-carcinoma-insitu-cis-serous-tubal-insitu-1t3el6y9.png Table 2: Occult carcinoma insitu (CIS) / Serous tubal insitu carcinoma (STIC) lesions# (without concomitant invasion) detected at RRSO https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cases-of-normal-histology-and-positive-cytology-9hk5wpjz.png Table 3: Cases of Normal histology and positive cytology detected at RRSO https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-photocatalysts-in-radical-chains-in-homolytic-2aqf8vjin7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-difference-in-gibbs-energies-for-the-et-step-3ppdp60p.png Table 3. Difference in Gibbs energies for the ET step producing C4F9 radicals, according to Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-plantations-in-managing-the-world-s-forests-in-2q9b4bj2c6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-clean-development-mechanism-redd-project-in-ipeti-2oji6a4v.png Figure 1. A clean development mechanism REDD project in Ipeti, Panama, where cattle ranching is becoming an attractive livelihood option for this Emberá community threatened by deforestation and poverty (Paquette et al. 2009). Enrichment plantings are carried out in degraded secondary forests, to generate climate benefits through C sequestration and avoided deforestation, as well as providing incomes for the community, and to preserve biodiversity through forest amelioration and conservation. Insert: a cocobolo seedling (Dalbergia retusa). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-of-intensive-mixed-species-and-two-storied-2zyzjpjo.png Figure 3. Examples of intensive mixed-species and two-storied plantations. (a) White ash (Fraxinus americana – center front) and black walnut (Juglans nigra – behind ash) interplanted between fast-growing hybrid poplars (Québec, Canada; Paquette et al. 2008). This plantation is also an agroforestry experimental site: soybeans are grown in the rows to the left, whereas a control is kept free of competition on the right. (b) Hybrid poplar stand underplanted with Norway spruce (Picea abies; Québec, Canada). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hybrid-poplar-plantation-with-a-diverse-understory-1uifb2xf.png Figure 2. Hybrid poplar plantation with a diverse understory (France). Flexibility in how intensive plantations are maintained is important for creating a more diverse ecosystem. Insert: lateseason vertical structure created by the poplars (yellow foliage) and lush undergrowth. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-forest-and-plantation-timber-yield-36jswmcq.png Table 1. Examples of forest and plantation timber yield https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-plasticity-in-the-evolution-of-cryptic-3sut0zuh9z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-rates-of-increase-in-pigmentation-left-panel-and-body-1ebbuqmr.png Fig. 6. Rates of increase in pigmentation (left panel) and body size (right panel) of A. aquaticus were higher under high nutrient diet (significant main interactive effect of time and diet in M4 and M5). Points are the weekly average change in pigmentation or body size of individuals across all families (mean ± CI), gray lines indicate family level reaction norms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-relationship-of-pigmentation-and-body-size-of-a-3sksnlvw.png Fig 2. A - The relationship of pigmentation and body size of A. aquaticus in microhabitats with different backgrounds (from dark to light): reed (Phragmites australis), macrophytes (Chara tomentosa) and no macrophytes (sandy substrate). The data includes six lakes from Southern Sweden, and was collected from Hargeby, Stoltz & Johansson (2005) using WebPlotDigitizer (Rohatgi 2016). Each data point is an individual; the lines are estimates of pigmentation from a linear mixed effect model with vegetation as main effect, body size as the covariate, and lake as the random effect (main effect of vegetation P=0.005). B – Size corrected pigmentation (mean ± SD) per microhabitat. We corrected pigmentation for body size using the equation of a linear regression analysis including data from all lakes and microhabitats. C-E - Schematic illustrations of how phenotypic differentiation in A. aquaticus may depend on different ecosystem contexts. C – Across all macrophyte microhabitats, fish may selectively forage on larger individuals, which may result in larger number of small isopods, which are developmentally less pigmented. D – Across all predation intensities from fish, differences in macrophytes may lead to differences in pigmentation, e.g. through food or light. E – Fish and macrophytes may interact in their effect on pigmentation, e.g.: fish may remove more dark isopods in light environments, or vice versa, and thus could select for pigmentation that matches the background of a microhabitat. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-select-examples-of-studies-on-adaptive-population-2am4zddx.png Table 1: Select examples of studies on adaptive population divergence in animals from field observations and laboratory experiments, ordered alphabetically. In all of these examples, at least two studies have found that different environmental factors may affect phenotypes through putative agents of selection and plasticity. We searched for studies using the Paperpile (Google Chrome Extension) literature search, using the words “Adaptive divergence”, and “Phenotypic plasticity”. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistical-significance-of-isopod-density-x5dded3y.png Table 2: Statistical significance of isopod density, pigmentation and body size in the two experiments (mesocosm and laboratory). M1-M3 test for tank level effects of macrophytes and fish, M4 tests for interactive effects of body size and treatment on individuals, M5 and M6 tests the effect of diet on individuals. All models are linear mixed effect models using type III sum of squares. Significant p-values (<0.05) are in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fish-presence-significantly-reduced-isopod-densities-2lftazhi.png Fig. 4. Fish presence significantly reduced isopod densities (post hoc contrasts: 0 vs.30 fish and 0 vs 60 fish both significant [p<0.001]). However, this interacted with macrophyte presence. Each small point represents a mesocosm tank; the large points are mean ± 95% confidence interval (ci). At the beginning of the experiment all mesocosms were stocked with 159 ± 29 (mean ± SD; solid and dashed lines, respectively) specimens of A. aquaticus. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-seniors-in-the-intergenerational-cooperaion-2g3dvige7u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-differences-between-generations-1vlzqwbm.png Table 1 Differences between Generations https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-risk-management-and-governance-in-determining-20nwwd3yl9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-anz02b8h.png FIGURE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definition-of-variables-2xc77re7.png TABLE 1 Definition of Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-among-the-variables-used-in-the-10s003ol.png TABLE 3 Correlations Among the Variables Used in the Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ols-regression-results-1v7tm47i.png TABLE 4 OLS Regression Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-optimal-selection-of-controls-for-a-single-3snpibyu.png FIGURE 1 Optimal Selection of Controls for a Single Stakeholder https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-3vqyb2zq.png TABLE 2 Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-representative-design-in-an-ecological-approach-5c4kier8kp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-substantive-situational-sampling-of-real-cases-in-3ik5lgih.png Table 3 Substantive Situational Sampling (of Real Cases) in Neo-Brunswikian Studies and Studies Outside the Brunswikian Tradition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-adapted-lens-model-from-the-conceptual-framework-of-10bd3cgm.png Figure 1. Adapted lens model. From “The conceptual framework of psychology.” In International Encyclopedia of Unified Science (p. 678), by E. Brunswik, 1952, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Copyright 1952 by the University of Chicago Press. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-formal-properties-of-a-task-preserved-in-the-3sddgoes.png Figure 2. Formal properties of a task preserved in the hypothetical cases constructed by neo-Brunswikian researchers and those working outside the Brunswikian tradition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-coding-scheme-2rsca93o.png Table 1 Summary of Coding Scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-regression-lines-relating-over-and-underconfidence-2hwqgm38.png Figure 4. Regression lines relating over- and underconfidence scores to the mean subjective probability for systematically selected (black squares) and representative samples (open squares). From “Naive Empiricism and Dogmatism in Confidence Research: A Critical Examination of the Hard– Easy Effect,” by P. Juslin, A. Winman, and H. Olsson, 2000, Psychological Review, 107, p. 391. Copyright 2000 by the American Psychological Association. Reprinted with permission. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-calibration-curves-for-the-systematically-selected-25t9fue5.png Figure 3. Calibration curves for the systematically selected (black squares) and representative sets (open squares). From “Probabilistic Mental Models: A Brunswikian Theory of Confidence,” by G. Gigerenzer, U. Hoffrage, and H. Kleinbölting, 1991, Psychological Review, 98, p. 514. Copyright 1991 by the American Psychological Association. Adapted with permission. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-formal-situational-sampling-in-neo-brunswikian-3rastwbn.png Table 4 Formal Situational Sampling in Neo-Brunswikian Studies and Studies Outside the Brunswikian Tradition https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-neo-brunswikian-studies-and-studies-14uxaub1.png Table 2 Overview of Neo-Brunswikian Studies and Studies Outside the Brunswikian Tradition https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-school-leadership-in-the-implementation-of-the-2kkyb9wo2f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-schools-in-the-study-3ufc3dgw.png Table 1. Schools in the study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-school-leaders-communicating-to-stakeholders-about-a-wx6c9loh.png Table 3. School leaders communicating to stakeholders about a curriculum initiative. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-uptake-of-ty-programme-in-selected-years-1993-2010-230l7cqj.png Table 2. Uptake of TY programme in selected years 1993-2010. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-policy-levers-to-improve-school-leadership-practice-femiphzr.png Table 4. Policy levers to improve school leadership practice (Pont, Nusche, and Moorman 2008). https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-shape-in-semantic-memory-organization-of-objects-1zhwk6tu7j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-recall-scores-on-each-trial-for-the-shift-and-130dq5ee.png Figure 2: Mean recall scores on each trial for the Shift and No-Shift condition in Experiment 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-recall-scores-on-each-trial-for-the-shift-and-2sded1df.png Figure 1: Mean recall scores on each trial for the Shift and No-Shift condition in Experiment 1. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-sodium-surface-species-on-electrochemical-402eh1hqjq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-32pfl646.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2imqvvum.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3lowa32t.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-22jyro2p.png Fig. 8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-3nkzlo3r.png Fig. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-17p12ezz.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6b-1m6im4r9.png Fig. 6b https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6a-3vs0pqk9.png Fig. 6b https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-the-hole-extraction-layer-in-determining-the-50y6mitr2k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-lifetime-test-board-b-spectrum-of-the-atlas-3onudlye.png Figure 1. (a) Lifetime test board. (b) Spectrum of the ATLAS Suntest CPS+ and AM1.5 solar 2 spectrum. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-parts-a-and-b-show-initial-jv-and-eqe-25r6oahf.png Figure 3. Parts (a) and (b) show initial JV and EQE characteristics for devices respectively, with 2 parts (c) and (d) showing device JV and EQE characteristics after 620 hours of irradiation under the 3 ATLAS solar simulator. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-values-for-pce-ff-voc-and-jsc-were-3btx1jqy.png Table 1. Average values for PCE, FF, Voc and Jsc were calculated from 12 pixels across two 2 substrates, as measured using the Newport solar simulator, where the worst 25% of pixels were 3 discarded due to film defects. The error quoted on all measurements is based on the standard 4 deviation around the mean. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pce-loss-on-burn-in-and-over-the-full-620-hrs-of-1atet5cy.png Table 2. PCE loss on burn in and over the full 620 hrs of testing with calculated T80 lifetimes 8 determined using the Newport solar simulator data and the ATLAS Suntest CPS+ data. All PCE 9 values and losses were calculated using data from the Newport solar simulator. 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shows-pce-voc-jsc-and-ff-for-devices-utilising-the-2qi6k301.png Figure 2 shows PCE, Voc, Jsc and FF for devices utilising the different HTL materials as a function 2 of irradiation time under the ATLAS solar simulator. All data is normalised to its initial value 3 determined at t = 0. In each part, we plot data measured every 10 minutes using the ATLAS solar 4 simulator (solid lines) and every 3 days using the calibrated Newport solar simulator (circular data 5 points). The decay in PCE (determined using both types of solar simulator) is fitted to a straight line 6 (dashed line or dotted line) for times beyond the burn-in period (t > 250 hours). This linear fit to the 7 PCE is used to determine the T80 decay lifetime. 8 https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-the-droplet-deformations-in-the-bouncing-droplet-1lzdt16z8k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spatio-temporal-diagram-of-a-20-cst-silicone-oil-37khx90o.png FIG. 5. Spatio-temporal diagram of a 20 cSt silicone oil droplet of diameter D = 740μm falling on a static highly viscous 1000 cSt silicone oil bath. Time elapses from left to right. The droplet experiences several bounces of heights h1, h2 that are measured from the center of mass of the droplet when it is floating (white dotted line). The impact speeds of the first bounce are about 0.15 m/s (We ≈ 0.8). A snapshot illustrates the shape of the droplet when its deformation D + X is maximal during the bounce. Successive dots (green) represent the center of mass of the droplet detected on the successive snapshots. The simulated trajectory of a falling mass-spring-damper system, from a height of h1 = 1.1 mm, with parameters k = 0.072 N/m and c = 11 2 × 10−6 kg/s, is superposed using 3 solid lines on the spatio-temporal diagram. The central solid line (red) is the trajectory of the center of mass of the system and both outer, upper and lower, solid lines (blue) are the trajectories of the point masses m1 and m2, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-trajectories-of-a-20-cst-silicone-oil-30nbgsmr.png FIG. 3. Experimental trajectories of a 20 cSt silicone oil droplet of diameter D = 890μm bouncing on a bath oscillating at a frequency of 50 Hz for various accelerations Γ . The bouncing mode (p, q) and the forcing acceleration Γ are indicated in each figure. The time interval ΔTmin between two successive bounces and the bouncing heights h that are measured on each trajectory are illustrated on graph (e). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-asymptotic-behavior-of-a-bouncing-droplet-on-a-a0wl1sxl.png FIG. 1. (a) The asymptotic behavior of a bouncing droplet on a vibrating liquid bath is categorized and sketched as a function of the Ohnesorge parameters Ohd of the droplet and Ohb of the bath. These parameters represent the relative damping of the oscillations on the droplet and on the bath. (b) A selection of relevant works on bouncing droplets is plotted on the Ohnesorge diagram revealing the importance of the deformation of the droplet and/or of the bath in each experiment.35, 36 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-bouncing-droplet-is-modeled-by-two-masses-m1-2-1jcn60nz.png FIG. 6. The bouncing droplet is modeled by two masses m1, 2 linked by a spring of stiffness k in parallel to a dashpot with a damping coefficient c. The spring system is in contact with the plate oscillating sinusoidally at a frequency f and amplitude A. As m2 is in contact with the plate, a normal force N2 acts from the plate on m2. In this case the spring is compressed (Δy < L), both masses feel outwards spring forces Fs1 and Fs2 in addition to the gravity forces Fg1 and Fg2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-trajectories-characterization-of-the-experiments-and-3kmvg3pl.png FIG. 4. Trajectories characterization of the experiments and of the simulations (k = 0.072 N/m, c = 112 × 10−6 kg/s) for a droplet of diameter 890μm bouncing on a rigid liquid bath oscillating at 50 Hz for various forcing accelerations Γ . (a) Experimental measurements of the time intervals ΔTmin, normalized by the oscillation period T of the bath, between two successive bounces; and (b) experimental measurements of the bouncing heights (cf. Fig. 3(e)). (c) Simulation measurements of the time intervals ΔTmin/T ; and (d) simulation measurements of the bouncing heights h. The different bouncing modes (p, q) are indicated in each diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-silicone-oil-droplets-20-cst-are-made-using-a-1k9yncgk.png FIG. 2. (a) Silicone oil droplets (20 cSt) are made using a droplet dispenser which consists in a small container with a hole at the bottom and a piezoelectric chip at the top. A short electric impulse is injected to the piezoelectric chip which produces a shock wave in the container that ejects a droplet through the hole at the bottom. (b) These droplets were laid on the surface of a highly viscous silicone oil bath (1000 cSt) that is vertically vibrated using an electromagnetic shaker. A high speed camera (1000 frames/s) recorded the motion and deformation of the drop from the side which were enhanced by a well positioned backlight. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-the-degree-of-use-of-the-facilities-in-the-port-4902p5gcco 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-classification-of-references-using-dcm-to-study-port-s71pvob0.png Table 1: Classification of references using DCM to study Port Choice Page 6 of 19 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-main-statistical-results-of-the-estimated-models-wm5vv395.png Table 3: Main statistical results of the estimated models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-teus-moved-by-crane-vs-utility-of-the-ports-under-17moq4b1.png Figure 4: TEUs moved by crane vs utility of the ports under study. MNL4 and MNL 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-container-export-shipments-to-non-european-countries-2q3c1n3n.png Table 2: Container export shipments to non-European countries through the main Spanish peninsular container ports (accumulated total between 2004-2012). Source: Own elaboration from data provided by the SCS (2014). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-freight-traffic-by-the-four-major-1dy4pu0o.png Figure 2: Evolution of freight traffic by the four major Spanish container peninsular ports. Data from Spanish Port Authority (2016) (in thousand TEUs). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimated-parameters-mnl-5-1t09n7tj.png Table 5: Estimated parameters MNL 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-degree-of-use-of-port-facilities-vs-attractiveness-310iqnyk.png Figure 1: Degree of use of port facilities vs attractiveness of the port: a saturation threshold https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-teus-moved-by-crane-vs-utility-of-the-ports-under-2ormr3vc.png Figure 3: TEUs moved by crane vs utility of the ports under study https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-the-representational-entity-in-physical-53alc7uxo0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-physical-computing-in-ar-theory-an-abstract-problem-a-2xsv3p6o.png Fig. 3. Physical computing in AR theory. An abstract problem A is encoded into the model mp; the model is instantiated into the physical computer state p; the computer calculates via H(p), evolving into physical state p′; the final state is represented as the final abstract model mp′ =ε m ′ p; this is decoded as the solution to the problem, A ′. The instantiation, physical evolution, and representation together implement the desired abstract computation CT (mp). (From now on we omit the dashed line separating the physical and abstract world, and rely on the different shaped boxes to indicate what components lie in which domain.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-abstract-model-of-the-res-use-of-the-computer-to-aorex4rb.png Fig. 8. The abstract model of the RE’s use of the computer to solve its problem (top face of figure 5). The RE has an initial abstract state mpRE ; this is encoded into the initial abstract state of the computer mpc . The computer performs its calculations to produce its final state m′pc , which is decoded to produce the desired final state of the RE, m′pRE . Both the horizontal arrows are dashed, as they are implemented in a different medium: the physical computer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-decoding-the-solution-from-the-computer-to-the-re-1gd8qe7j.png Fig. 7. Decoding the solution from the computer to the RE (right face of figure 5). The final state of the computer, p′c, is represented as the final abstract state m ′ pc ; this is decoded to the final abstract state of the RE, m′pRE ; and instantiated as the RE’s final physical state. This is the model of the physical decoding lower arrow, achieved by the RE physically interrogating the computer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-res-view-of-the-problem-solution-back-face-of-27inqueq.png Fig. 6. The RE’s view of the problem solution (back face of figure 5). The RE has an initial physical state pRE , modelled as mpRE . It has a desired final state p ′ RE , modelled as m′pRE . Both the horizontal arrows are dashed, as they are implemented in a different medium: the computer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-relationship-between-the-physical-representational-2plysi4q.png Fig. 4. The relationship between the physical representational entity pRE and the physical computer pC via abstract models of each. There is an encoding of the abstract model mpRE into mpC . In a correctly working system, this encoding is appropriately implemented by the respective physical systems: the square should ε-commute. Note that the models of the RE and the computer are potentially with respect to different theories. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-basic-representation-has-three-components-i-the-space-3rr0irba.png Fig. 1. Basic representation has three components: (i) the space of physical objects (here, a switch with two settings); (ii) the space of abstract objects (here, a binary digit); (iii) the directed representation relation R mediating between the spaces. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-full-compute-cycle-for-the-bacterial-system-see-hc6xazf4.png Fig. 10. The full compute cycle for the bacterial system. See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-physical-system-of-the-res-use-of-the-computer-to-2qml68xi.png Fig. 9. The physical system of the RE’s use of the computer to solve its problem (bottom face of figure 5). The physical RE has an initial physical state pRE ; this is physically encoded into the initial physical state of the computer pc. The computer evolves over time to produce its final state p′c, which is decoded to produce the desired final state of the physical RE, p′RE . https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-transport-processes-in-survival-of-lactic-acid-19ys3hizrf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-proton-motive-force-generation-by-malolactic-3klcimiv.png Figure 4. Proton motive force generation by malolactic fermentation in A. Lactococcus lactis and B. Leuconostoc oenos. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-three-characterised-multidrug-resistance-1y1b8nid.png Figure 7. The three characterised multidrug resistance systems in Lactococcus lactis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-presentation-of-the-transport-processes-1q2zzytp.png Figure 1. Schematic presentation of the transport processes in the cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-secondary-structure-models-of-two-drug-extrusion-1cjl12dz.png Figure 5. Secondary structure models of two drug extrusion systems in Lactococcus lactis. A. the toxin/proton antiport system LmrP and B. the ABC-drug extrusion system LmrA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-proton-motive-force-generating-secondary-transport-ssh1b0ot.png Figure 3. Proton motive force generating secondary transport processes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-driving-forces-for-three-secondary-transport-38ujoq33.png Figure 2. Driving forces for three secondary transport processes. AZ is the transported solute with charge z. Z log [A]in/[A]out represents the contribution of the chemical gradient of A across the membrane in mV to the driving force of A. n represents the number of translocated protons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-uptake-of-daunomycin-in-inside-out-membrane-2crhcmj8.png Figure 6. Uptake of daunomycin in inside-out membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli CS1562 (open symbols) and the strain in which LmrA was expressed (closed symbols). Uptake studies were done in the presence of valinomycin and nigericin (each at 1 nmol/mg of protein) and 1 mM ATP plus 0.1 mg/ml creatine kinase (N, M) or 1 mM non-hydrolysable ATP S ( ,#). https://scispace.com/papers/the-roles-of-leisure-attitudes-and-self-efficacy-on-1gufb8fbh8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-mean-differences-between-voluntary-retirees-and-dw23wds8.png Table 6. Mean Differences between Voluntary Retirees and Forced Retirees https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-comparision-between-voluntary-retirees-and-forced-3eqdud2f.png Table 7. Comparision between Voluntary Retirees and Forced Retirees https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-total-direct-and-indirect-effect-of-la-lse-and-1oujmcmk.png Table 5. The Total, Direct and Indirect Effect of LA, LSE, and SOC on ATR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-structural-model-3uku6q3k.png Figure 3. The Structural Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-matrix-among-the-main-factors-and-the-wattanwr.png Table 2. Correlation Matrix among the Main Factors and the Subordinate Components https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-measurement-items-3pp4u1yu.png Table 3. Descriptive Statistics of Measurement Items (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-proposed-model-of-the-study-15ikrjfw.png Figure 1: The Proposed Model of The Study https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-sample-1p8x385g.png Table 1. Description of Sample https://scispace.com/papers/the-roots-of-nationalism-national-identity-formation-in-4yewp0h6rl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-2-orangist-pamphlet-which-circulated-in-march-1813-1vei3jcu.png Figure 16.2 Orangist pamphlet, which circulated in March 1813, when many Orangist songs were sung to celebrate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-2-romeyn-de-hooghe-franse-tiranny-gepleeght-op-de-3lxkl0up.png Figure 11.2 Romeyn de Hooghe, ‘Franse Tiranny gepleeght op de Hollandtse dorpen’ [French Tyranny in the Villages https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-1-caspar-luyken-maagdenburg-door-tilly-veroverd-1ztpngdk.png Figure 11.1 Caspar Luyken, ‘Maagdenburg door Tilly veroverd terwijl weerloze burgers worden afgeslacht’ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-2-cromwell-as-the-despicable-tailed-man-1652-his-1i5teg0e.png Figure 10.2 Cromwell as the ‘despicable tailed man’, 1652. His tail is covered with coins, presumably referring to English mercantilist envy. Assisted by a Frisian, an Irish and the royalist Prince Rupert of the Palatinate, a Hollander and a Zeelander are about to cut off https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-title-page-of-the-original-edition-of-crymogaea-1453r6yv.png Figure 5.2 Title page of the original edition of Crymogæa (1609). Edition: Arngrimi Jonæ Opera Latina Conscripta, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-3-english-dogs-barking-to-the-dutch-lion-while-a-2zd5enzk.png Figure 10.3 English dogs barking to the Dutch lion while a Dutch sailor is about to clip off their tails with red-hot https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-1-portraying-cromwell-as-the-usurper-dutch-artists-3vpzeif7.png Figure 10.1 Portraying Cromwell as ‘the usurper’, Dutch artists created a sharp distinction between the English https://scispace.com/papers/the-rotifera-or-wheel-animalcules-by-c-t-hudson-assisted-by-whyy2ih4pc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-vi-pterodina-patina-braehionus-urceolaris-2vfol280.png Fig. VI. Pterodina patina. Braehionus urceolaris. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-shows-staphanoceros-viewed-a-little-obliquely-from-the-158bg9cv.png Fig. 4 shows Staphanoceros viewed a little obliquely from the side on the left of the dorsal surface. The left lateral canal (fig. 4, Ic) can be seen winding to the left of the nervous ganglion (gn) and having two vibratile tags { vt lt vt2) attached to it close to where the left eye (e) is. The lateral canal then divides into two branches ; the right branch curving upwards towards the dorsal surface to meet its fellow on the median dorsal line (see fig. 2), while the left branch passes along the side of the vestibule till it nearly https://scispace.com/figures/fig-29-ma-iieate-while-continually-greater-prominence-is-3dp47mi4.png Fig. 29.-Ma.iieate. while continually greater prominence is given to the incus ; at least in all but three types ; and in two of these the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i-floscularia-campanulata-stephanoceros-eichhornii-1zh1ue19.png Fig. I. Floscularia campanulata. „ Stephanoceros Eichhornii. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pi-a-represents-the-dorsal-aspect-of-the-female-of-2g3o18y6.png Fig. 1, PI. A, represents the dorsal aspect of the female of this BracMonus, and fig. 2 the upper part of the ventral aspect. The drawings are from life ; but the outlines of the various organs have been made unnaturally sharp and distinct, for the sake of clearness. The dorsal and ventral surfaces may be distinguished from each other in the great majority of the Eotifera by the following considerations : https://scispace.com/figures/fig-30-sub-malleate-31-forcipate-fig-32-incudate-1fz8x06c.png Fig. 30.—Sub-malleate. . 31.—Forcipate Fig. 32.—Incudate. https://scispace.com/papers/the-roots-of-the-early-vocabulary-in-infants-learning-from-2byirci9sx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-childrens-percentage-of-fixation-time-spent-looking-to-yef1zzxw.png Fig. 2. Children’s percentage of fixation (time spent looking) to the picture named in stimulus sentences when the target object was pronounced correctly (e.g., ‘‘dog’’; filled red squares) versus when it was mispronounced (e.g., ‘‘tog’’; green circles). Age in months is plotted on the x-axis. The lines drawn through the plot show a linear regression of fixation percentage on age for correct pronunciations (solid line) and mispronunciations (dashed line). Fixation performance improved with age, but the difference between correct-pronunciation and mispronunciation trials did not change with age. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-evaluation-of-word-recognition-using-eye-movements-the-266qll1w.png Fig. 1. Evaluation of word recognition using eye movements. The left figure (A) depicts the testing booth, with a trial in progress; the upper right figure (B) presents a bird’s eye view showing the child on the parent’s lap in the booth; and the graph (C) shows the timing of a single trial. Frequently, target fixation proportions are computed using only the data from a short response window immediately following the onset of the spoken target word, as shown. https://scispace.com/papers/the-rough-set-view-on-bayes-theorem-pdzs6ten2u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-certainty-and-coverage-bby7yaea.png Table V. Certainty and coverage. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-decision-table-zrfbsyd3.png Table II. Decision table. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-graph-1ojz6294.png Figure 1. Flow graph. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-decision-table-33jiqscy.png Table IV. Decision table. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-certainty-and-coverage-dyykstf5.png Table III. Certainty and coverage. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-certainty-and-coverage-factors-1nhmbrym.png Table VI. Certainty and coverage factors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-data-table-1ji6vil7.png Table I. Data table. https://scispace.com/papers/the-running-and-technical-performance-of-u13-to-u18-elite-1x511ypkd7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-physical-and-technical-performances-during-a-match-2telz0nb.png Table 4. Physical and technical performances during a match in the U13 to U18 elite youth soccer players (absolute values) Age group U13 U14 U15 U16 U17 U18 rES https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-technical-performance-of-the-u13-to-u18-elite-youth-1flxl2zy.png Table 5. Technical performance of the U13 to U18 elite youth soccer players (adjusted to possession time) Age group U13 U14 U15 U16 U17 U18 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-age-number-of-matches-number-of-players-and-complete-35ua3b04.png Table 1. Age, number of matches, number of players and complete match files of the U13 to U18 elite youth soccer players Age group U13 U14 U15 U16 U17 U18 Age (years) Mean 13.1 14.0 15.0 15.9 17.1 18.1 SD 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-speed-and-metabolic-power-categories-speed-2lcirgrj.png Table 2. Speed and metabolic power categories Speed categories (m∙s-1) Metabolic power categories (W·kg-1) Standing 0.0-0.2 Lower power (LP) 0-10 Walking 0.2-2.0 Medium power (MedP) 10-20 Jogging 2.0-4.0 High power (HP) 20-35 Running 4.0-5.5 Elevated power (EP) 35-55 High speed running 5.5-7.0 Maximal power (MP) > 55 Sprinting > 7.0 MP≥20 ≥ 20 High intensity running ≥ 4.0 MP≥35 ≥ 35 Very high intensity running ≥ 5.5 https://scispace.com/papers/the-s-phase-cyclin-clb5-promotes-rdna-stability-by-1o3nyuoaps 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-absence-of-clb5-causes-rdna-instability-3djw2p44.png Figure 1. Absence of Clb5 causes rDNA instability. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rdna-instability-in-the-clb5-mutant-is-mainly-w3bkb0qj.png Figure 2. rDNA instability in the clb5∆ mutant is mainly dependent on Fob1. (A) PFGE analysis of the size heterogeneity of chromosome XII. DNA was extracted from three independent clones of the indicated strains and separated by PFGE. DNA was stained with ethidium bromide. M indicates H. wingei chromosomal DNA markers. (B) ERC detection. DNA was separated by conventional agarose gel electrophoresis, followed by Southern blotting with the rDNA probe. Genomic rDNA, and supercoiled and relaxed forms of monomeric and dimeric ERCs are indicated. M indicates λ DNA-Hind III markers. (C–E) Levels of total monomers and dimers (C), monomers (D), and dimers (E) relative to genomic rDNA. The level of ERCs in each mutant was normalized to the average of the WT clones (bars show mean ± SD). One-way ANOVA was used for multiple comparisons. Asterisks indicate a significant difference at p < 0.05; ns indicates that the difference is not significant (p >0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-model-of-rdna-replication-in-a-replication-2d991b20.png Figure 5. Model of rDNA replication in a replication initiation-reduced condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-production-of-ercs-in-the-clb5-mutant-is-suppressed-3c7lkqwb.png Figure 3. Production of ERCs in the clb5∆ mutant is suppressed by deletion of CLB6. (A) ERC detection. DNA was extracted from three independent clones of the indicated strains and separated by conventional agarose gel electrophoresis, followed by Southern blotting with the rDNA probe. Genomic rDNA, and supercoiled and relaxed forms of monomeric and dimeric ERCs are indicated. M indicates λ DNA-Hind III markers. (B, C) Levels of monomers (B) and dimers (C) relative to genomic rDNA. The level of ERCs in each mutant was normalized to the average of WT clones (bars show mean ± SD for six independent clones). One-way ANOVA was used for multiple comparisons. Asterisks indicate a significant difference at p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/papers/the-s2m-meteorological-and-snow-cover-reanalysis-over-the-2vv9ltn5tb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evolution-of-the-annual-mean-air-temperature-at-2-m-3ewq6i2x.png Figure 5. Evolution of the annual mean air temperature at 2 m (a), total precipitation (b) and winter (November to April) mean of the fraction of solid precipitation (c) and total snow depth (d) aggregated over all the massifs of the French Alps at different elevations. The shadings represents the variability between the massifs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-difference-of-the-mean-simulated-daily-minimum-a-1o1lodea.png Figure 11. Difference of the mean simulated daily minimum (a) and maximum (b) air temperature and total precipitations (c) for different elevations in summer and winter between the climatological periods 1990-2020 and 1960-1990 (solid line) and 1990-2012 and 1960-1990 (dotted line) over the Alps. Crosses represent the corresponding observed difference on a set of homogenized observation series between the periods 1960-1990 and 1990-2012. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-same-as-figure-9-but-for-winter-djf-temperatures-1sfeek61.png Figure 15. Same as Figure 9, but for winter (DJF) temperatures only. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-temporal-evolution-of-the-daily-mean-number-of-h38ynq4f.png Figure 3. Temporal evolution of the daily mean number of surface temperature and 24-hour precipitation observations available within the massifs limits (dashes) and effectively assimilated (solid lines) for each mountainous area over the period covered by the reanalysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-mean-deviation-root-mean-square-deviation-between-2xfrv0sh.png Figure 12. Mean deviation, root mean square deviation between the simulated and observed snow depths values and mean simulated snow depth on the 665 validation sites grouped by elevation range. 23 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-list-of-snowpack-stability-indices-simulated-by-drzpr5ap.png Table 6. List of snowpack stability indices simulated by MEPRA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-daily-number-of-temperature-and-24-hour-17sk8pa9.png Figure 4. Mean daily number of temperature and 24-hour precipitation observation sites available (plain colours) and used (hatches) to produce the S2M reanalysis in every 300 m elevation band for the French Alps, Pyrenees and Corsica on average for the 1958-2020 period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-description-of-the-three-steps-of-the-reanalysis-1amds2di.png Figure 1. Description of the three steps of the reanalysis model chain : 1) NWP model (ERA-40 before 2002, ARPEGE from 2002 onwards) 2) Assimilation and geometry adjustment by SAFRAN 3) Snow cover model SURFEX/ISBA-Crocus, including MEPRA. https://scispace.com/papers/the-running-fine-structure-constant-alpha-e-via-the-adler-5f1kzsqo9a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-contributions-and-uncertainties-for-da-5-had-m20-17avoee4.png Table 2 Contributions and uncertainties for Δα(5)had(−M20 )data × 104 (M0 = 2.5 GeV). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-present-error-profiles-for-da-5-had-m-2-z-and-da-5-uuyja41z.png Figure 4. Present error profiles for Δα(5)had(M 2 Z) and Δα(5)had(−M20 ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-running-of-a-the-negative-e-axis-is-assigned-to-309erx2e.png Figure 1. The running of α. The “negative” E axis is assigned to space-like momentum transfer. In the time-like region the resonances lead to pronounced variations of the effective charge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-present-distribution-of-contributions-left-and-3ey2z7vt.png Figure 3. Present distribution of contributions [left] and errors2 [right] for a) Δα(5)hadrons(M 2 Z); b) Δα(5)had(−M20 )data (M0 = 2.5 GeV); both obtained by direct integration of (2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-experimental-non-perturbative-adler-function-22650aij.png Figure 2. The “experimental” non-perturbative Adler–function versus theory (pQCD + NP). The error includes statistical + systematic here (in contrast to most R-plots showing statistical errors only!). “[5-loop]” indicates that 4- and 5- loop contribution in the massless limit are taken into account. For more details see Ref. [7]. https://scispace.com/papers/the-s4g-perspective-on-circumstellar-dust-extinction-of-agb-immqjti610 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-column-separation-between-clusters-hosting-c-2zkdwc9y.png Figure 2. Left column: separation between clusters hosting C-rich (closed), O-rich (open), or extreme (crosses) AGB stars. Dashed gray lines show our criteria for distinguishing between the three main types, as motivated by Boyer et al. (2011). Square symbols mark a fourth subset of “mid-IR bright” objects to the left of the solid black line in the bottom panel, which could potentially be dusty young clusters (e.g., Corbelli et al. 2011), later classified in this work as anomalously dusty O-rich stars (see Figure 2). The color scaling represents variation in B−V color, from B − V = 0 (blue) to B − V = 1.5 (red), used as a proxy for cluster age, while the symbol size varies according to metallicity, from low (small) to high (large). Right column, top: J−H vs. H−K color for all objects in the sample. Middle: [8]− [24] vs. J−K diagram as used by Boyer et al. (2011) to distinguish between dust chemistries. The aO-rich AGBs with silicate dust follow a nearly vertical sequence near J −K ∼ 1.3, while extreme C-rich AGBs are distributed more horizontally. Bottom: positions and B−V colors of our clusters tracking metallicity and cluster age, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-b-k-vs-k-8-color-for-the-final-cluster-sample-3jabhy4r.png Figure 3. B−K vs. K − [8] color for the final cluster sample. Dashed lines illustrate decreasing K-band brightness at fixed B and 8μm magnitudes. Symbol types, sizes, and colors are as in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-composite-seds-normalized-at-0-4mm-for-a-given-type-3rtyaoe4.png Figure 4. Composite SEDs normalized at 0.4μm. For a given type, we take the average of SEDs each normalized to its bolometric flux Fbol. Error bars represent the dispersion in the measurements for each type. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spatial-map-of-candidate-clusters-open-symbols-ivrlr9na.png Figure 1. Spatial map of candidate clusters (open symbols), significant detections at λ 1.2μm (black), and the final sample (red), together with the hot dust/PAH emission (gray), separated as described in the text. Note that PAH and hot dust emission more often appear in the high-density, actively star-forming regions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-catalog-of-agb-dominated-clustersa-3f0gomyu.png Table 1 Catalog of AGB-dominated Clustersa https://scispace.com/papers/the-sars-cov-2-outbreak-around-the-amazon-rainforest-the-4obszqlycu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fall-of-saliva-droplets-with-radius-r-where-t-are-4nx1yd90.png Table 1. Fall of saliva droplets with radius R, where t are their time constants, Vlim are their final velocities and Ttot are the total time they take to travel the height of 1·80 meters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-velocities-of-two-droplets-of-saliva-radius-0-5-um-h2x9us8u.png Figure 2. Velocities of two droplets of saliva, radius 0·5 µm and 1·0 µm, which fall into the air from rest. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-official-number-of-deaths-per-week-and-per-million-pyqtxucy.png Fig. 1. Official number of deaths per week and per million inhabitants during the current SARSCOV-2 epidemic in two Amazonian States and some southern States of Brazil. The large blue arrow indicates the weeks of implementation of social isolation by the States. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-vertical-airflow-velocity-required-to-keep-drops-of-12wx9g7u.png Figure 3. Vertical airflow velocity required to keep drops of saliva suspended in the air at rest. https://scispace.com/papers/the-salvo-combat-model-with-a-sequential-exchange-of-fire-5enu4gntyv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-coral-sea-model-inputs-derived-in-armstrong-powell-1tacv6dz.png Table 4: Coral Sea model inputs derived in Armstrong & Powell (2005) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimated-coral-sea-losses-from-the-model-as-the-3jq0j1ga.png Table 5: Estimated Coral Sea losses from the model as the attack sequence and USN force size are varied. The numbers show the mean loss, standard deviation of loss (SD), probability of zero loss (P[0]), and probability of total loss (P[all]), as well as the difference of means = (USN mean) – (IJN mean). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notation-for-deterministic-model-1g9293c7.png Table 1: Notation for deterministic model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-additional-notation-for-stochastic-model-7m1767g0.png Table 2: Additional notation for stochastic model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-blue-losses-model-versus-simulation-3jt48z7a.png Table 3: Comparison of Blue losses, model versus simulation, for mean loss, standard deviation of loss (SD), probability of zero loss (P[0]), and probability of total loss (P[all]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scatter-plot-comparing-model-versus-simulation-for-1rc2r542.png Figure 1: Scatter plot comparing model versus simulation for the probability that all Blue units are eliminated. Each circle represents the results from one scenario, while the diagonal line indicates where the circles would fall if the fit had been perfect. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-interaction-plot-for-the-difference-between-the-ijn-361hodin.png Figure 2: Interaction plot for the difference between the IJN and USN mean losses from the model as the attack sequence and the USN force size are varied. Positive numbers indicate a USN advantage. https://scispace.com/papers/the-savage-genius-of-sherlock-holmes-1pedyrsq4y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-sidney-paget-the-shadow-of-sherlock-holmes-8f0gfczx.png Figure 12. Sidney Paget, “The Shadow of Sherlock Holmes.” Frontispiece from A. Conan Doyle, The Hound of the Baskervilles (London: George Newnes, 1902): n. p. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-sidney-paget-all-afternoon-he-sat-in-the-stalls-y8uaqef9.png Figure 10. Sidney Paget, “All afternoon he sat in the stalls.” Illustration from “The Red-headed League.” Strand Magazine (July-Dec. 1891): 199. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-sidney-paget-i-found-sherlock-holmes-half-asleep-2gebr2i4.png Figure 11. Sidney Paget, “I found Sherlock Holmes half asleep.” Illustration from “A Case of Identity.” Strand Magazine (July-Dec. 1891): 255. https://scispace.com/papers/the-satin-component-system-a-metamodel-for-engineering-3gihucy101 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-details-on-the-satin-implementation-106sw311.png TABLE 2 Details on the SATIN Implementation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-fragment-of-the-satin-metamodel-notation-1l8f22hd.png TABLE 1 A Fragment of the SATIN Metamodel Notation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-satin-launcher-as-a-collection-of-components-7aom8l50.png Fig. 5. The SATIN Launcher as a collection of components. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-evaluation-coverage-matrix-1sonozra.png TABLE 3 Evaluation Coverage Matrix https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-satellite-platform-as-a-collection-of-components-2qvh01li.png Fig. 7. The satellite platform as a collection of components. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-quantitative-evaluation-results-of-music-player-27vf0xe1.png TABLE 5 Quantitative Evaluation Results of Music Player https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-advertising-and-discovery-services-2j32nl2f.png Fig. 4. The advertising and discovery services. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-architecture-of-the-satin-middleware-1bymwzfi.png Fig. 3. The architecture of the SATIN middleware. https://scispace.com/papers/the-saving-gateway-and-the-child-trust-fund-is-asset-based-3tabhklyqc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-6-income-quartile-of-children-aged-1-compared-with-2eew55h1.png Table 5.6. Income quartile of children aged 1 compared with income quartile when they reach 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-proportion-of-families-with-no-financial-assets-3euierrw.png Figure 3.3. Proportion of families with no financial assets, by income and year https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-3-characteristics-of-different-groups-2e6udmnl.png Table 5.3. Characteristics of different groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-5-relative-incomes-of-mothers-and-mothers-to-be-by-frunflx7.png Table 5.5. Relative incomes of mothers and mothers-to-be, by age of youngest child or number of years before birth https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1b-estimates-of-household-wealth-by-income-decile-ke3l5fm0.png Figure 5.1b. Estimates of household wealth, by income decile, 1995: individuals in households with a head of household aged under 60 only https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1a-estimates-of-household-wealth-by-income-decile-13w99bpu.png Figure 5.1b. Estimates of household wealth, by income decile, 1995: individuals in households with a head of household aged under 60 only https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-correlation-of-having-savings-and-investments-at-3jfeikh8.png Table 3.1. Correlation of having savings and investments at age 23 with various outcomes at age 33a https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-what-is-the-implicit-rate-of-return-on-saving-ey9e08qi.png Table 5.1. What is the implicit rate of return on saving being offered? https://scispace.com/papers/the-schematic-development-of-old-testament-chronography-3be1hqbgf1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-book-of-jubilees-chronology-244lt379.png Table 13. Book of Jubilees' chronology https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-sp-chronology-2ag59rem.png Table 10. SP Chronology https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-amended-lxx-a-chronology-3mg7nzwx.png Table 6. Amended LXX A Chronology https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-original-lxx-a-chronology-1jzgsows.png Table 5. Original LXX A Chronology https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-proto-mt-nahor-chronology-o5uoxjnt.png Table 11. Proto-MT Nahor Chronology https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-ancient-near-east-king-list-as-derived-from-268mhdaf.png Table 16. Ancient Near-East King list as derived from ‘Ptolemy’s Canon’ https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-mt-judean-king-list-1-kgs-2-11-2-kgs-24-18-1-chron-1nrs9n6r.png Table 15. MT Judean King List (1 Kgs 2.11-2 Kgs 24.18; 1 Chron. 29.27 – 2 Chron. https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-ot-chrono-genealogical-table-gen-5-3-25-26-2fm5lhey.png Table 14. OT chrono-genealogical table (Gen. 5.3-25.26) https://scispace.com/papers/the-school-bus-problem-on-trees-1dk1r9g92v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-a-tree-with-unit-distance-edges-and-r-6-a-2enmp1d2.png Fig. 1 Example of a tree with unit distance edges and R = 6. A maximal set of anchors is drawn as square nodes, the corresponding skeleton is shown in solid and the grey, dashed parts of the tree are the short subtrees https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-a-tree-with-unit-distance-edges-and-r-6-rlh562bv.png Fig. 2 Example of a tree with unit distance edges and R = 6. Anchors are drawn as square nodes, junction points as empty circles https://scispace.com/papers/the-science-of-experimental-economics-2v9tjee1y2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-ppf-of-economic-and-psychological-science-social-2kecxil3.png Fig. 1. A PPF of economic and psychological science: social preferences. https://scispace.com/papers/the-scintillation-of-gems-coated-with-wavelength-shifters-17epxgrif1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spectroscopic-studies-set-up-1hbk8pr2.png Fig. 4. Spectroscopic studies set-up. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-p-terphenyl-absorption-and-emission-spectrum-wq5ock4j.png Fig. 5. P-terphenyl absorption and emission spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-spectrum-of-ar-2-7-tea-in-bare-gems-38irmfa1.png Fig. 8. Spectrum of Ar-2.7% TEA in bare GEMs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sketch-of-the-experimental-system-used-to-make-ccd-265n0gts.png Fig. 3. Sketch of the experimental system used to make CCD images of the GEM scintillation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cross-section-of-the-used-gems-showing-the-layer-of-zdhwkhv8.png Fig. 6. Cross-section of the used GEMs showing the layer of Pterphenyl. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-operation-of-gems-coated-with-p-terphenyl-in-ar2-7-tea-3un55frv.png Fig. 7. Operation of GEMs coated with P-terphenyl in Ar2.7% TEA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cross-section-of-the-used-detector-1emktbjb.png Fig. 1. Cross-section of the used detector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-electron-microscope-cross-section-of-the-double-2mrnb10w.png Fig. 2. Electron microscope cross-section of the double-conical or standard (a), conical (b) GEMs. https://scispace.com/papers/the-scope-of-nanoparticle-therapies-for-future-metastatic-3wayfa5rfd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-most-frequently-used-nanomaterials-in-oncology-7xkzgvbr.png Figure 3: The most frequently used nanomaterials in oncology Organic nanoparticles (left panel): (A) dendrimer, (B) cyclodextrin, (C) micelles, (D) liposomes. Inorganic nanoparticles (right panel): (E) core-shell nanoparticle, (F) nanorod, (G) fullerene, (H) carbon nanotube. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-strategy-of-eff-ective-nanotherapies-for-2l1g16j0.png Figure 4: Schematic strategy of eff ective nanotherapies for advanced stage melanoma https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-timeline-highlighting-key-events-since-the-1960s-30t9vjjs.png Figure 2: Timeline highlighting key events since the 1960s that have directly aff ected the prevention and treatment of melanoma Based on information made available from the American Society of Clinical Oncology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-present-strategies-to-manage-advanced-stage-3dwxktqm.png Figure 1: Present strategies to manage advanced stage melanomas include inhibition of the mutant form of BRAF kinase (a common mutation being BRAFV600E ; vemurafenib and GSK2118436) and T-cell activation (ipilimumab) TCR=T-cell receptor. GF=growth factor. MHC=major histocompatibility complex. RTK=receptor tyrosine kinase. CTLA4=cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4. TF=transcription factor. https://scispace.com/papers/the-scope-of-published-population-genetic-data-for-indo-k0l938cseg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-analysis-of-species-co-sampling-cluster-dendrogram-2j6toraf.png Figure 4. Analysis of species co-sampling. Cluster dendrogram is based on squared Euclidean distances among sampling localities, derived from the composition of species that have been co-sampled in each locality. Localities with a higher number of co-sampled species have a lower Euclidean distance between them. Colors in online version show the geographic spread of clus- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-histogram-showing-the-number-of-taxa-studied-by-the-3vhoqnm6.png Figure 1. Histogram showing the number of taxa studied by the four categories of molecular marker type. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-summary-of-sampling-for-genetic-surveys-included-in-1ix8pp0z.png Figure 2. Summary of sampling for genetic surveys included in the present study. Total area surveyed (km2) and the number sites survey are indicated per species. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-sampling-intensity-for-the-116-species-surveyed-a-1mqb2xr3.png Figure 3. (A) Sampling intensity for the 116 species surveyed. A heatmap colored by the proportion of studied species is shown per site with a correction for species range. For example, from the main Hawaiian Islands, 22 species have been surveyed and 39 species from the 116 in the data set have species ranges that encompass this location, which gives a percentage of 56.4. (B) Sampling intensity for the 116 species corrected for the area of the study locality. As the locality polygons are of different area depending on the proximity of sampling locations, this correction allows us to see intensity of sampling per unit area. For example, the Main Hawaiian Islands locality has an area of 69,063 km2, so the corrected sampling intensity is 56.4 / 69,063 or 0.0008. https://scispace.com/papers/the-scope-of-traditional-and-geometric-morphometrics-for-3wp8cpl0mf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-dietary-classification-obtained-from-210udlud.png TABLE 4 - Summary of dietary classification obtained from Weighted Random Forests within hypercarnivorous and mesocarnivorous Canidae https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-the-regression-analyses-between-2pxkyyz1.png TABLE 1 - Results of the regression analyses between morphometric indices and bgPCs https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-confusion-matrices-of-the-different-si2ksno0.png TABLE 2 - Summary of Confusion matrices of the different Discriminant Analyses displaying the global PCPR (Percentage of Correct Posterior Reclassification) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-confusion-matrices-of-the-different-2vk5lv5c.png TABLE 3 - Summary of Confusion matrices of the different Discriminant Analyses within Canidae displaying the global PCPR (Percentage of Correct Posterior Reclassification) https://scispace.com/papers/the-scope-of-religious-group-autonomy-varieties-of-judicial-4dfeze7883 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-taxonomy-of-judicial-examination-2d606nin.png Table 1. Taxonomy of judicial examination. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-account-of-permissible-and-impermissible-forms-of-oiy7zno3.png Table 2. Account of permissible and impermissible forms of substantive examination. https://scispace.com/papers/the-seahorn-verification-framework-285alrpx15 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-program-before-and-after-mixed-semantics-2uzwiytv.png Fig. 2: A program before and after mixed-semantics transformation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-comparison-between-seahorn-and-analyzer-on-2w4zrajc.png Table 2: A comparison between SeaHorn and analyzer on autopilot software. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-program-b-control-flow-graph-and-c-verification-2g3vr7ll.png Fig. 3: (a) Program, (b) Control-Flow Graph, and (c) Verification Conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-hard-benchmarks-that-are-verified-as-safe-38pbw06m.png Table 1: Number of hard benchmarks that are verified as safe/unsafe by Spacer in its normal and BMC mode, and Z3-PDR, with inlining disabled. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-advantage-of-inter-procedural-encoding-using-spacer-q3rscopc.png Fig. 6: Advantage of inter-procedural encoding using Spacer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-seahorn-architecture-176fal0w.png Fig. 1: Overview of SeaHorn architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spacer-vs-z3-pdr-on-hard-benchmarks-a-with-and-b-2b287jb8.png Fig. 5: Spacer vs. Z3-PDR on hard benchmarks (a) with and (b) without inlining https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-program-with-procedures-upper-and-its-verification-64t0n8je.png Fig. 4: A program with procedures (upper) and its verification condition (lower). https://scispace.com/papers/the-search-for-habitable-worlds-1-the-viability-of-a-4lgv7e6nfp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nwo-objectives-and-constraints-2jbn9un0.png Table 1 NWO Objectives and Constraints https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulated-images-of-the-solar-system-seen-face-on-3tqxjhv1.png Figure 2. Simulated images of the Solar System seen face-on, at a distance of 10 pc, with 2-m, 4-m, and 8-m telescopes (left to right) plus a 50-m effective diameter starshade flying at 80,000 km separation, providing a 65 milliarcsecond IWA. Venus (at 7:30), Earth (3 o’clock), Jupiter (1 o’clock) and Saturn (10:30) are detectable in all three images (though signal from Venus and Earth may be indistinguishable from that of dust structures in the 2-m case), while Mars (4:00) is visible only in the 8-m image. A wider field of view for the 4-m case is shown in the right-most panel, where Uranus (5:00), https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-the-distribution-of-number-of-planets-detected-1cdvuebq.png Figure 19. The distribution of number of planets detected versus the number of stars searched for each of the nine astrophysical scenarios. The number of stars searched is strongly affected by exozodiacal background levels. For very low levels of exozodiacal light, the number of targets that can be searched is limited to ~120 stars by ΔV and mission lifetime constraints. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-number-of-habitable-zones-searched-left-and-earth-33tgwsf5.png Figure 18. Number of habitable zones searched (left) and Earth analogs characterized (right) in simulated observations as a function of η⊕ and ε. The total number of HZs searched is limited by the number of targets that can be acquired during the mission lifetime and completeness per https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-stars-chosen-according-to-merit-assigned-in-29xqxg6v.png Figure 16. Stars chosen according to merit assigned in Equation 21. All stars are plotted with black squares while colored asterisks show the spectral types of chosen targets. For each spectral type, the number chosen appears in parentheses to the right of the type label. The stars were chosen using the method described in the text, assuming η⊕ = 0.1, IWA = 65 mas, and ε = 10. In https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-planet-imaging-exposure-time-versus-exozodi-2u6rp8m9.png Figure 11. Planet imaging exposure time versus exozodi brightness. The y-axis shows the time to detect an Earth-like planet in the habitable zone at S/N = 10, calculated using Equation 17 and the parameter values in Table 4. The x-axis shows the exozodi surface brightness, in units of one https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-habitable-zone-locations-0-75-1-8-au-for-the-sun-fjmtzt6f.png Figure 6. Habitable zone locations (0.75-1.8 AU for the sun, seen face-on, scaled for stellar luminosity and distance) for Hipparcos stars within 30 pc, color-coded by spectral type as in Figure 5. An IWA of 65 mas is shown for reference, as is the Earth’s angular separation from the sun as a function of distance (green dashed line). The locations of https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-new-worlds-observer-baseline-design-s8kpxwi4.png Table 9 New Worlds Observer Baseline Design https://scispace.com/papers/the-second-dividend-of-studying-abroad-the-impact-of-2i0wimcvzs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-b-after-nearest-neighbor-matching-y4ryeoh2.png Figure A.1.b: After Nearest Neighbor Matching https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-final-university-grade-ols-results-b6zuiacb.png Table 2: Final University Grade - OLS Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-a-before-matching-13k45d74.png Figure A.1.b: After Nearest Neighbor Matching https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-determinants-of-transferring-grades-wnrk362d.png Table A.2: Determinants of Transferring Grades https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-graduating-in-time-probit-results-1qjx2xpp.png Table 6: Graduating in Time - Probit Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-probability-of-studying-abroad-1trrxw5h.png Table 3: Probability of Studying Abroad https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-sensitivity-analysis-gqwsxdhd.png Table 8: Sensitivity Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-transferring-grades-242mlaqq.png Table 5: Transferring Grades https://scispace.com/papers/the-search-smart-environments-architecture-2i7chalwde 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-system-architecture-comparison-3i6zsdn3.png TABLE 1. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE COMPARISON https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-search-system-architecture-diagram-lgrj72xb.png FIG. 1. SEARCH SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE DIAGRAM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-preferences-selection-interface-34irv1zf.png FIG. 5. PREFERENCES SELECTION INTERFACE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-air-quality-report-for-user-with-asthma-g5pvgcik.png FIG. 6. AIR QUALITY REPORT FOR USER WITH ASTHMA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sample-of-internal-states-evolution-through-time-rows-1pnk0fi0.png Fig. 4. Sample of internal states evolution through time. Rows show the getting up from bed process reflected and internal states triggered. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-zwave-sensing-equipment-and-vera-box-top-right-t41ikicd.png FIG. 3. ZWAVE SENSING EQUIPMENT AND VERA BOX (TOP RIGHT). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-smart-spaces-lab-layout-3qj4zmx9.png FIG. 2. SMART SPACES LAB LAYOUT https://scispace.com/papers/the-seasonal-cycle-and-interannual-variability-in-2zd75ikxi0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-latitude-month-plots-of-the-temporal-standard-2g05i7h4.png FIG. 7. Latitude–month plots of the temporal standard deviation of the (bottom to top) MSU-TLS and SSU-25, -26, and -27 temperature data. The data had the linear trend removed, as a function of latitude and month, prior to the calculation. Note that the contour spacing is 0.25 K for 0–2 K and 0.5 K for .2 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bottom-to-top-harmonic-analysis-of-sao-in-the-msu-tls-3f5uahzh.png FIG. 3. (bottom to top) Harmonic analysis of SAO in the MSU-TLS and SSU-25, -26, and -27 data, by latitude. (a) Left-hand axis shows amplitude of the SAO (black) and right-hand axis is amplitude of SAO divided by amplitude of annual cycle at that particular latitude (red). (b) Months of maximum temperature in the SAO with January as a red J. Red dots highlight where the SAO amplitude is at least 50% of the annual cycle amplitude. Left-hand axis shows first maximum; right-hand axis shows the second. Note that the month names on the y axes correspond to the start of the month. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-scatterplot-of-the-month-to-month-change-in-3sg80ts9.png FIG. 6. Scatterplot of the month-to-month change in temperature anomalies (relative to the mean 1979–2005 annual cycle) for the tropics (308S–308N) against those for the extratropics (poleward of 308S and 308N) for the MSU-TLS and SSU-25, -26, and -27 data (1979–2005). The filled black squares denote Tn 5 June, July, and August 1991, corresponding to the timing of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption. The correlation coefficient r for the tropical vs extratropical temperature change is also given. The solid diagonal line through each is the 1:21 line, representing a perfect anticorrelation. The horizontal and vertical lines represent no change in the tropical and extratropical temperatures, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-time-series-of-the-standardized-december-14v22xjh.png FIG. 10. (a) Time series of the standardized December temperatures for NH high latitudes (.608N) and the tropics (208S–208N) for the MSU and SSU data. The value above each pair of lines is their correlation coefficient. (b) As in (a), but for time series of standardized August temperatures for SH high latitudes (.608S) and the tropics. The data had the linear trend removed prior to the calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-weighting-functions-for-the-msu-tls-and-ssu-25-26-and-397c0gxp.png FIG. 1. Weighting functions for the MSU-TLS and SSU-25, -26, and -27 channels used in this analysis (after Randel et al. 2009). The dash and dash–dot lines give indicate the approximate position of the tropical and high-latitude tropopause, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-latitude-month-plots-of-the-correlation-coefficient-3j7834e2.png FIG. 9. Latitude–month plots of the correlation coefficient for the time series of local (latitude, month) temperatures with the time series of temperatures averaged (a) .608N, (b) .608S, and (c) 208S–208N, for (bottom to top) the MSU-TLS and SSU-25, -26, and -27 data. The filled contours denote that the correlation is significant at the 5% level. The data had the linear trend and solar cycle removed prior to the calculation (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-climatological-annual-cycle-of-global-full-extent-of-2dihyt9l.png FIG. 4. Climatological annual cycle of global (full extent of data, black), tropical (308S–308N, green) and extratropical (poleward of 308, blue) average temperatures for (bottom to top) MSU-TLS and SSU-25, -26, and -27 data. The shaded areas about the lines denote61 temporal standard deviation. Note the different scales on the y axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-expansion-of-climatological-annual-cycle-of-global-e49ziiv6.png FIG. 5. Expansion of climatological annual cycle of global average temperatures in Fig. 4 (black, left-hand axis) with the tropical (308S–308N) partial ozone column above the given level [Dobson units (DU)] also plotted (blue, right-hand axis), as derived from SBUV data (see text). For (bottom to top) the SSU-25, -26, and -27 data, the second right-hand axis (red) depicts the annual cycle of the Earth–Sun distance in astronomical units (AU). https://scispace.com/papers/the-seismic-attenuation-system-sas-for-the-advanced-ligo-4j35pwk2pi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-ground-x-3j3yj55s.png Table X / Ground X https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lvdt-performances-measured-in-laboratory-bench-tests-2hdyk054.png Table 1 LVDT performances, measured in laboratory bench tests. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-transmissibilities-and-relative-coherences-measured-211lic12.png Fig. 14. Transmissibilities and relative coherences measured between the Guralp seismometers on ground and the L4-C geophones on the optics table. The peaks between 10 and 20Hz are due to the undamped wire resonances, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-plot-shows-how-the-power-spectrum-amplitudes-of-szss60tv.png Fig. 12. The plot shows how the power spectrum amplitudes of the LVDTs and that of the Guralp seismometers match below a cut-off frequency (about 2Hz). That demonstrates how the system with its LVDTs behaves as a seismometers for sufficiently low frequencies. 9 The load was reduced by reducing the flex joint diameter to match the allowable payload of an existing horizontal shaking facility but keeping the same legs later used in the HAM-SAS system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-control-topology-with-relative-positions-sensors-as-1oglgqxd.png Fig. 9. Control topology with relative positions sensors as the LVDTs. https://scispace.com/papers/the-security-apparatus-federal-magistrate-courts-and-5gmidgnqls 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gateway-international-bridge-brownsville-texas-with-1gq4mx34.png Figure 4. Gateway International Bridge, Brownsville, Texas with Concertina Wire Configured on Top of the Port of Entry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-concertina-wire-strapped-to-bollard-fence-3lp66e2y.png Figure 3. Concertina Wire Strapped to Bollard Fence, Brownsville, Texas, November 16, 2018 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-9-11-and-the-border-wall-become-hyperreal-simulacra-1pkzqoqb.png Figure 1. 9/11 and the Border Wall Become Hyperreal, Simulacra https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-zero-tolerance-policy-implemented-by-the-department-1qf9n5y7.png Figure 2. Zero Tolerance Policy Implemented by the Department of Justice and DHS, April 6, 2018: What It Means at the Southwest Border in Texas https://scispace.com/papers/the-selective-electrochemical-sensing-of-dopamine-at-a-2v62ntbwte 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-peak-current-and-peak-potentials-obtained-using-244tujnl.png Table 1 Peak current and peak potentials obtained using cyclic voltammetry recorded at 100mV s 1 in DA solutions in the absence and presence of interference compounds (n¼ 5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-peak-current-oxidation-of-da-plotted-as-a-function-of-3d4k5g93.png Fig. 8. Peak current (oxidation of DA) plotted as a function of the square root of scan rate and inset shows a plot of the logarithm of peak current as a function of the logarithm of scan rate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-peak-current-density-as-a-function-of-the-da-cd4as5x6.png Fig. 7. Peak current density as a function of the DA concentration in the absence (grey) and presence (black) of 1.0 mM Ep. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-current-time-plots-recorded-during-the-formation-of-2qwqcj12.png Fig. 1. (a) Current time plots recorded during the formation of PPy SβCD at 0.50 V vs SCE in 0.2M pyrrole and 0.01M SβCD at Pt, inset shows the charge time plot recorded at 0.80 V vs SCE and (b) SEM micrograph of PPy SβCD deposited to 1.5 C cm 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-rotating-disc-voltammograms-recorded-at-a-gc-1pw07xit.png Fig. 10. Rotating disc voltammograms recorded at a GC electrode at 900 rpm in a phosphate buffer solution, pH¼ 7.0 with 0.5mM Ep and with ▬ ▬ ▬ no added SβCD ▬ 2.5 mM SβCD, - - - 5 mM SβCD, ▬10mM SβCD and 20mM SβCD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-michaelis-plot-of-the-current-recorded-at-0-65-v-vs-1l0itnyt.png Fig. 9. (a) Michaelis plot of the current recorded at 0.65 V vs SCE as a function of dopamine concentration and (b) corresponding Lineweaver Burk plot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-cyclic-voltammograms-recorded-at-100mv-s-1-in-1-0-mm-1sfxzj97.png Fig. 4. (a) Cyclic voltammograms recorded at 100mV s 1 in 1.0 mM DA in 0.1M Na2SO4 at ▬ PPy SβCD and at PPy SβCD reduced at _ _ _ 0.25 V, ▬ 0.50 V and _ _ _ 1.0 V vs SCE, (b) EQCM mass potential plot of PPy SβCD cycled in 0.1M NaCl at 50mV s 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-peak-current-recorded-at-ppy-sbcd-as-a-function-of-a-2ue9loa5.png Fig. 3. Peak current recorded at PPy SβCD as a function of (a) applied potential employed in the formation of the polymer and (b) charge consumed during formation of the polymer and cycled in 0.2 mM DA and 0.1M Na2SO4. https://scispace.com/papers/the-self-experiences-questionnaire-seq-preliminary-analyses-1kpe7p0m49 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-between-subtotal-scores-from-the-two-2hgatyfe.png Table 3 Correlations between subtotal scores from the two factors of and the total score from the fifteen item SEQ with measures of psychological flexibility and daily functioning. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-complete-item-pool-of-the-self-experiences-3i6988zl.png Table 2 Complete item pool of the Self Experiences Questionnaire. 1 My thoughts and feelings overwhelm me https://scispace.com/papers/the-selfie-project-smart-and-efficient-envelope-system-for-5535rqhbcg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-selfie-research-domains-2z0v0nv1.png Figure 1. SELFIE Research domains https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-ventilation-system-in-the-air-gap-of-selfie-2-3rb1k60a.png Figure 4. The ventilation system in the air gap of Selfie_2. Scheme a: winter configuration. Scheme b: Summer configuration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-selfie-2-a-pv-panels-with-air-grids-b-203c1dff.png Figure 5. The Selfie_2: a. Pv panels with air grids; b. Insulating panel; c. Heat exchanger; d. Closure panel https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-selfie-3-a-glass-layer-with-pvb-and-ir-reflecting-25e1wyri.png Figure 6. Selfie_3: a. Glass layer with PVB and IR reflecting coatings; b. Air gap and shading device; c. Double glazing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-selfie-1-a-glass-layer-with-pvb-and-ir-reflecting-1x2jqtmj.png Figure 3. Selfie_1: a. Glass layer with PVB and IR reflecting coatings; b. Honeycomb with TiO2. C. Foam glass with PCM; d. closure panel https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-test-cell-of-the-university-of-florence-3baqryle.png Figure 2. The test-cell of the University of Florence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-selfie-3-a-glass-layer-with-pvb-and-ir-reflecting-2xnedhju.png Figure 7. Selfie_3: a. Glass layer with PVB and IR reflecting coatings; b. Air gap and shading device; c. double glazing https://scispace.com/papers/the-semantic-development-of-essential-and-crucial-paths-to-lrz4c9rw8o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-intrinsic-vs-extrinsic-necessity-wrfzupdt.png Table 2: Intrinsic vs. extrinsic necessity https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-configuration-of-modal-roles-within-the-modal-3qckm917.png Table 1: The configuration of modal roles within the modal domain (based on Verstraete 2005: 1410) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-pathways-to-deontic-meaning-of-essential-crucial-2bb244x3.png Table 4: The pathways to deontic meaning of essential, crucial and needful in terms of the semantic properties of relationality, potentiality and desirability. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-three-stages-in-the-semantic-development-of-19adc5xh.png Table 3: The three stages in the semantic development of essential https://scispace.com/papers/the-semiclassical-and-quantum-regimes-of-superradiant-light-1towkjhr7f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-illustrating-the-geometry-of-the-pgdd6vys.png Figure 1. Schematic diagram illustrating the geometry of the superradiant scattering experiments of [16, 9] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-atomic-momentum-distribution-in-the-semiclassical-17dyp1xk.png Figure 2. Atomic momentum distribution in the semiclassical regime with G = 58ωr , when (a) t = 11µs, (b) t = 15µs and (c) t = 17µs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-atomic-momentum-distribution-in-the-quantum-regime-qhig0ljq.png Figure 4. Atomic momentum distribution in the quantum regime with G = 0.53ωr when (a) t = 0.3ms, (b) t = 1.0ms and (c) t = 1.7ms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-flux-of-scattered-photons-2k-a-2-and-bunching-wny6ywba.png Figure 5. Flux of scattered photons, 2κ|a|2, and bunching factor, |b|, as a function of scaled time in the quantum regime with G = 0.53ωr . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-flux-of-scattered-photons-2k-a-2-and-bunching-134xf4u4.png Figure 3. Flux of scattered photons, 2κ|a|2, and bunching factor, |b|, as a function of time in the semiclassical regime with G = 58ωr . https://scispace.com/papers/the-sensitivity-of-the-southwest-monsoon-phytoplankton-bloom-17g5v7z26v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rates-of-aeolian-iron-enrichment-for-surface-waters-2ucj756n.png Table 1. Rates of Aeolian Iron Enrichment for Surface Waters Within the Eight Aeolian Flux Boxes (FB1–FB8) in the Arabian Sea (Figure 1b) for the Two Atmospheric Transport Models (GOCART and GISS)a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-distributions-of-the-difference-in-export-flux-mmol-32rgbd6s.png Figure 7. Distributions of the difference in export flux (mmol N m 2 d 1) at 200 m between the two solutions (GOCART-GISS) over the entire Arabian Sea for (a) July, (b) August, and (c) September. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-distributions-of-iron-flux-boundary-condition-mmol-31afluol.png Figure 11. Distributions of iron flux boundary condition (mmol m 2 d 1) for the two deposition fields applied as model forcing in June (a) GOCART, (b) GISS, and July (c) GOCART, (d) GISS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-series-of-surface-chla-mg-m-3-from-the-gocart-goopkdsn.png Figure 2. Time series of surface Chla (mg m 3) from the GOCART (solid line), GISS (dashed line), and SeaWiFS climatology (crosses) at the four extraction sites (BR1–BR4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-time-series-of-export-flux-mmol-n-m-2-d-1-at-200-m-2vzydxco.png Figure 6. Time series of export flux (mmol N m 2 d 1) at 200 m for the GOCART (solid line) and GISS (dashed line) solutions at (a) BR1, (b) BR2, (c) BR3, and (d) BR4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-monthly-difference-in-aeolian-iron-enrichment-nmol-279styn1.png Figure 10. Monthly difference in aeolian iron enrichment (nmol Fe m 3 d 1) between the two deposition boundary conditions (DAE, GOCART-GISS) for (a) April, (b) May, (c) June, and (d) July. The zero DAE isoline is shown for emphasis (thick solid lines). The superimposed flowlines are pathline integrations of each month’s surface current field that are representative of the horizontal advection pathways. Arrows qualitatively indicate spatial variation in current speed but are not comparable between months. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-surface-layer-iron-budget-time-series-at-the-four-296alp32.png Figure 9. Surface layer iron budget time series at the four extraction sites (BR1–BR4) for the two deposition boundary conditions. The three components of the budget are (a) aeolian enrichment, (b) entrainment and mixing, and (c) horizontal advection for the GOCART solution. (d–f) Corresponding budget terms for the GISS solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-chla-time-series-over-the-upper-120-m-at-a-br1-with-20c8lf0f.png Figure 3. Chla time series over the upper 120 m at (a) BR1 with GOCART deposition; (b) BR1 with GISS deposition; (c) BR2 with GOCART deposition; and (d) BR2 with GISS deposition. The superimposed contours (thin black lines) are PR(=Ps/(PS + PL)). The thick white line shows the temporal evolution of the 0.2 mM nitrate isopleth. The thick black line shows the temporal evolution of mixed layer depth, which is identical for both solutions and included to provide some context of the local physical environment. https://scispace.com/papers/the-seroprevalence-and-factors-associated-with-ross-river-5i4f8i4rdc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-displaying-the-15-sample-collection-locations-in-1bmbgbqw.png FIG. 1. Map displaying the 15 sample collection locations in Western Australia. https://scispace.com/papers/the-shadow-approach-an-orphan-detection-protocol-for-mobile-20gu6ypo6y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-changed-system-methods-extending-the-agents-life-7gqfc7su.png Fig. 14.Changed System Methods: Extending the Agent’s Life https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-proxie-paths-fig-5-regular-update-of-proxies-29y5js6q.png Fig. 4.Proxie Paths Fig. 5.Regular Update of Proxies https://scispace.com/papers/the-shaky-start-of-the-uk-small-business-research-initiative-56pzvb4vrl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-distribution-of-sbri-competitions-offered-per-month-eeshao3d.png Figure 7: Distribution of SBRI competitions offered per month between 2009 and 2011. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-total-financial-value-of-contracts-sbri-and-sbir-1mwngihb.png Figure 10: Total financial value of contracts: SBRI and SBIR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-number-of-sbri-and-sbir-contracts-awarded-qc0luoku.png Figure 9: Number of SBRI and SBIR contracts awarded. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-annual-sbri-data-3awnget4.png Table 2: Summary of annual SBRI data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-forecast-made-in-2010-for-the-sbri-s-progress-over-unmg386t.png Figure 3: Forecast made in 2010 for the SBRI's progress over the next two years. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-phase-1-sbri-contracts-awarded-s4tkc5s9.png Figure 4: Distribution of Phase 1 SBRI contracts awarded between 2009 and 2013. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sbri-sbir-number-of-contracts-and-their-total-and-mja7eemi.png Table 4: SBRI/SBIR number of contracts and their total and mean financial values per year (US data adjusted for inflation, exchange rate to £ and population size). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-contracts-offered-per-year-1983-2013-1hu3eva9.png Figure 1: Number of contracts offered per year, 1983-2013. https://scispace.com/papers/the-shape-of-d-glucosamine-3yjt4ocs8c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-molecular-properties-for-the-a-and-b-lowest-energy-3obl5e8e.png Table 1. Molecular properties for the α- and β- lowest energy conformers of D-glucosamine (below 600 cm-1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-most-stable-conformers-of-a-d-glucosamine-below-1028o1s6.png Fig. 3 The most stable conformers of α-D-glucosamine (below 600 cm-1), showing the cc configuration in conformers G-g+/cc/t, G+g-/cc/t and Tg+/cc/t and the cl one in conformers G-g+/cl/g-, Tt/cl/g- and Tg-/cl/g-. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-upper-panel-overview-cp-ftmw-spectrum-of-the-laser-3hxta3ln.png Fig. 2 Upper panel: overview CP-FTMW spectrum of the laser ablated α-D-glucosamine with assigned decomposition lines; lower panels: a-type (J + 1) 0 J +1 ← J 0 J , (J + 1) 1 J +1 ← J 1 J and b-type (J + 1) 1 J +1 ← J 0 J, (J + 1) 0 J +1 ← J 1 J progressions in detail corresponding to the observed rotamer I; rotational transitions become degenerated with the increasing J. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-nuclear-quadrupole-hyperfine-structure-of-the-4-1-3-3-vvk7ts9y.png Fig. 4 Nuclear quadrupole hyperfine structure of the 4 1 3 ← 3 1 2 rotational 60 transition for rotamers I, II and III. Each component labeled as F′←F″ is observed as a doublet due to the Doppler effect. The molecular frequency is the arithmetic mean of the Doppler doublets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experimental-spectroscopic-parameters-for-the-three-5dlm5kpy.png Table 3. Experimental spectroscopic parameters for the three observed rotamers of D-glucosamine obtained from LA-MB-FTMW spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-fisher-projection-of-d-glucosamine-b-a-and-b-anomers-1rj94t87.png Fig. 1 (a) Fisher projection of D-glucosamine; (b) α- and β-anomers of D-glucosamine in Haworth projection; (c) 4C1 conformations of α- and and β-Dglucosamine; (d) Newman projections of plausible conformations of the hydroxymethyl group around the C5−C6 (G−, G+, T) and C6−O6 (g−, g+, t) bonds. https://scispace.com/papers/the-shallow-and-deep-western-boundary-circulation-of-the-2w4kfm0gao 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-moored-array-k1-k5-installed-off-brazil-near-11degs-1a3ohht3.png FIG. 4. Moored array K1–K5 installed off Brazil near 11°S from March 2000 to August 2004 (indicated by shading) with instrument distribution and record retrieval (horizontal bars); see text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-transports-sv-of-upper-layer-water-masses-across-28c0r64u.png TABLE 2. Transports (Sv) of upper-layer water masses across 5° and 11°S from ship sections. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-variance-of-mapped-nbuc-and-nadw-transports-at-47gq0e9f.png TABLE 5. Variance of mapped NBUC and NADW transports at 11°S explained by individual and cumulative EOF time series. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-eofs-1-4-contours-cm-s-1-determined-from-alongshore-1flw858d.png FIG. 9. EOFs 1–4 (contours: cm s 1) determined from alongshore current components, including gappy records; see text for details; explained current-section variance given at lower left. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sections-across-the-boundary-currents-location-of-13azm8a5.png FIG. 1. Sections across the boundary currents, location of moored array near 11°S (circles), and schematic paths of the North Brazil Undercurrent (NBUC) and South Atlantic Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC); inset shows times and cruise identifiers of shipboard observations along 5° and 11°S sections. Disintegration of the DWBC south of about 8°S into a sequence of migrating eddies is indicated as derived by Dengler et al. (2004). Also shown are the meridional sections along 35° and 28°W used for the discussion of results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mooring-positions-and-current-meter-instrumentation-2q8g9lwb.png TABLE 1. Mooring positions and current-meter instrumentation for the 11°S array between March 2000 and August 2004. Current vectors are rotated along the coastline, and is positive toward 036° true. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-volume-transports-sv-from-moored-array-at-11degs-for-9ygsj75f.png TABLE 4. Volume transports (Sv) from moored array at 11°S (for box boundaries see Fig. 8). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-mean-alongshore-current-distribution-from-moored-1dx9gmc9.png FIG. 8. Mean alongshore current distribution from moored records (locations marked by dots) and boxes 1–6 (heavy dashed) used for calculating transport time series. https://scispace.com/papers/the-shape-of-things-to-come-why-is-climate-change-so-1wmb1aw1rn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-time-evolution-of-the-terms-in-the-probability-gplwsygb.png Figure 7: The time evolution of the terms in the probability flux equation (i.e., (7)), subject to ∆Rf =4 Wm−2 step function forcing. (a) hT (T, t); (b) the average rate of warming as a function of T ; (c) the product of (a) and (b), which equals the flux of probability as a function of T . This slow flux of probabilities to higher values of T characterizes the growth of the fat tail over time. Based on 10,000 Monte Carlo calculations, asuming uncertainty in fa is governed by a Gaussian distribution based on parameters in Table 1. No uncertainty in ocean parameters is included. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-dark-shading-95-bounds-on-the-time-evolution-of-1y2w27et.png Figure 8: (a) dark shading: 95% bounds on the time evolution of the surface temperature for a ramp forcing: ∆RF (t) = VF t where VF = 4 W m−2 (100 yr)−1; light shading, as for dark shading but including a 25% standard deviation in uncertainty in VF . As explained in the text, after an initial adjustment period, trajectories grow approximately linearly with time. (b) as for (a), but showing the time evolution of the CDF for case with no uncertainty in forcing. The green lines are the same as those in Figure 5b, and are included for comparison. Curves based on 10,000 Monte Carlo calculations, asuming uncertainty in fa is governed by a Gaussian distribution based on parameters in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-the-evolution-of-the-mixed-layer-temperature-in-a6o6yd9g.png Figure 3: (a) The evolution of the mixed layer temperature in response to a 4 Wm−2 step function forcing; (b) to (d) the evolution of three principle terms in the energy balance on the left hand side of (2). The sum of the three terms equals 4 Wm−2 at all times. The first term decays quickly to near zero, so that the dominant balance is that between the slow variations of the atmospheric adjustment and the heat driven into the deep ocean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-effect-of-reducing-uncertainty-in-the-model-3oszptjz.png Figure 11: The effect of reducing uncertainty in the model parameters on the time dependent PDF of the climate response (ramp forcing). The shaded regions are 95% confidence intervals estimated from 10,000 Monte Carlo calculations. The figure shows that it is much more effective to reduce the relative uncertainty in atmospheric feedback factors than to reduce relative uncertainty in ocean heat uptake parameters. The box and whisker plots on the right show the mean, the inter-quartile range, and the extreme limits of the 10,000 calculations. The means and standard deviations of parameters are given in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-illustration-of-the-one-dimensional-3am7dtyv.png Figure 2: Schematic illustration of the one-dimensional energy balance model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-evolution-of-the-transient-climate-change-to-a-1kbkubsy.png Figure 4: The evolution of the transient climate change to a 4 W m−2 step function forcing. The figure shows the comparison between the solutions from the analytical model equations (2) and (3) with seminfinite ocean abyss (light gray), and the numerical model with an ocean floor at 4 km including transport of warm surface water to the ocean floor (dark gray). See text. The left panel shows the evolution over the first 10,000 years, and the right panel shows the equilibrium response (i.e., the limit of t→∞, i.e., the climate sensitivity distribution). The lines show the mean solution based on standard parameters (fa = 0.65, fo = -0.15), and the shading shows 95% confidence interval based on 1000-member ensemble using σf = 0.13 with no variation of ocean parameters. The first five hundred years of the climate evolution in the analytical model are nearly identical to the numerical model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-shows-95-bound-on-the-maximum-surface-vn0a2k9o.png Figure 14: (a) shows 95% bound on the maximum surface temperature for a range of concentration scenarios, for the assumed uncertainty in the model parameters in Table 1 - that is, for each concentration scenario, the figure shows the temperature change that there is a 1 in 20 chance of exceeding. (b) shows the 5% lower bound - that is, there is a 19-in-20 chance of exceeding the given temperature change. Together (a) and (b) bracket the 90% confidence interval. (c) and (d) show the same calculations as (a) and (b) but for a halving of uncertainty in all model parameters. The green lines show the range of concentrations for the year 2100 considered by IPCC07. See text. Uncertainties in future concentrations are the dominant source of uncertainty in climate change projections. Each panel is based on 10,000 Monte Carlo calculations using the analytical model, for every concentration scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-terms-in-the-probability-flux-for-ramp-forcing-same-365blv7y.png Figure 9: Terms in the probability flux for ramp forcing; same calculations as in Figure 8. The continuous increase in forcing produces a steady flux of probabilities towards higher temperatures, and the distribution broadens with time, as growth at high temperatures is faster than at low temperatures. Compare with Figure 7, but note the different axis scales. https://scispace.com/papers/the-shape-and-profile-of-the-milky-way-halo-as-seen-by-the-2ngl7ask3n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-cfhtls-wide-fields-8v4zdvn6.png Table 1 Overview of the CFHTLS Wide Fields https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dependence-of-u-usdss-residuals-dots-on-synthetic-u-3veulc08.png Figure 5. Dependence of u − usdss residuals (dots) on synthetic u − g color (not corrected for ISM extinction) for the W1 (top) and W2 (bottom) fields, where u and g are synthetic observations derived from recalibrated CFHTLS observations, and usdss is the SDSS PSF u-band magnitude. The symbols show u− usdss medians in u− g color bins, and error bars show the error in median. To guide the eye, the solid lines show u−usdss = ±0.01 mag. For the W1 field, the u − usdss medians are within 0.02 mag and do not depend on u − g color, while for the W2 field the u − usdss medians seem to show linear dependence on u − g color for u − g < 1.3, indicating a possible problem with CFHTLS u∗-band observations in the W2 field. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-median-photometric-error-as-a-function-of-magnitude-2na0xwn5.png Figure 6. Median photometric error as a function of magnitude for synthetic u-band (solid), g-band (dotted), r-band (dashed), and i-band observations (dotdashed). The median photometric error was calculated as the rms scatter of m2−m1 residuals in magnitude bins, where m1 and m2 are repeated observations of a star. The systematic uncertainty in synthetic ugri magnitudes is ∼0.03 mag, as indicated by the median photometric error at the bright end (magnitudes brighter than ∼20 mag). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-dependence-of-median-g-gsdss-residuals-on-g-14tc9k4p.png Figure 7. Dependence of median g − gsdss residuals on g magnitude, where g are recalibrated fixed- (stars) and adaptive-aperture CFHTLS magnitudes (open circles), and gsdss is the PSF magnitude measured by SDSS. The error bars indicate errors in medians. This comparison of CFHTLS and SDSS magnitudes shows that the behavior seen in Figure 3 is due to incorrectly measured adaptiveaperture magnitudes. Similar results are obtained for u, r, and i magnitudes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-r-z-plane-visualization-of-the-j08-power-law-halo-kd0jsssy.png Figure 11. R –Z plane visualization of the J08 power-law halo model (left) and the broken power-law model presented in this paper (right). The color encodes the logarithm of the number density of halo stars (stars pc−3) predicted by the model. Overplotted are the densities derived from the analysis of CFHTLS data (beams W2, W3, and W4) presented in this paper (the W1 beam is not shown because of the strong contamination by the Sagittarius stream). Note the marked improvement in data–model agreement for the broken power-law model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-median-photometric-metallicity-symbols-with-error-3sis1mjc.png Figure 12. Median photometric metallicity (symbols with error bars) measured in four CFHTLS wide survey beams as a function of distance from the Galactic center, Rgal. The error bars show error in the median and the error bar at (6.5, −1.5) shows the systematic uncertainty in the adopted photometric metallicity method (∼0.1 dex; Ivezić et al. 2008a). Within Rgal ∼ 30 kpc, the median metallicity is independent of distance and ranges from −1.4 < [Fe/H] < −1.6. The change in metallicity at Rgal ∼ 15 kpc, reported by Carollo et al. (2007) and de Jong et al. (2010), is not evident. Apparently, higher metallicity in the W2 beam ([Fe/H] ∼ −1.3 dex) may be due to u-band calibration issues (see the text for a discussion). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-visualization-of-the-geometry-of-cfhtls-wide-survey-3ax231ft.png Figure 8. Visualization of the geometry of CFHTLS wide survey beams used in this paper, overplotted on isodensity contours of the J08 halo. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fraction-of-sdss-stars-identified-as-stars-in-34py9j1z.png Figure 1. Fraction of SDSS stars identified as stars in CFHTLS data (completeness, solid line) and the fraction of CFHTLS stars identified as galaxies by the SDSS (contamination, dashed line) as a function of CFHTLS r ′ magnitude (not corrected for ISM extinction). Using this plot, we estimate that the observed number counts will be underestimated by about 5% for r ′ < 21 and overestimated by about 15% to 20% at the faint end (r ′ ∼ 22.5). https://scispace.com/papers/the-shielding-effect-of-hts-power-cable-based-on-e-j-power-1lmnfauiws 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-specifications-of-hts-tape-wire-2t69v3c9.png TABLE II SPECIFICATIONS OF HTS TAPE WIRE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-model-of-hts-power-cable-composed-of-1-layer-hts-3b6on0e3.png Fig. 4. Model of HTS power cable composed of 1-layer HTS conductor with twist and 1-layer HTS shield without twist. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-specifications-and-conditions-of-hts-cable-model-for-2x5w7pkx.png TABLE I SPECIFICATIONS AND CONDITIONS OF HTS CABLE MODEL FOR NUMERICAL ANALYSIS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-local-coordinates-2g64gisu.png Fig. 3. Local coordinates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-flux-and-current-distributions-in-a-shield-layer-of-22af0y2e.png Fig. 8. Flux and current distributions in a shield layer of model III (model III : 20 HTS tape wires in a shield layer, d = 4:0mm, at !t = =2, n value = 8). (i) Current distribution in a shield layer; (ii) flux distribution around a shield layer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-typical-hts-cable-composed-of-multi-tirf0pzx.png Fig. 1. Structure of typical HTS cable composed of multi-layered conductors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-modeling-of-cable-conductors-with-anisotropy-of-1pcorq6n.png Fig. 2. Modeling of cable conductors with anisotropy of conductivity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ac-current-distributions-in-conductor-layer-at-model-i-2epz4umn.png Fig. 5. AC current distributions in conductor layer at model I (n value = 8, L = 300). (a) !t = =2 (jJ j = 4:37 10 A=m ). (b) !t = 0 (jJ j = 4:14 10 A=m ). https://scispace.com/papers/the-shift-minimisation-personnel-task-scheduling-problem-a-3tdtcsveli 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-median-computation-time-in-seconds-for-different-2351ona7.png Figure 4: Median computation time in seconds for different configurations with varying multi-skilling level (33 employees, 337 tasks, 90% tightness). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-results-for-different-approaches-for-the-2qvwxx3n.png Table 3: Summary of results for different approaches for the SMPTSP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-and-best-solution-quality-and-average-pnn3evne.png Figure 2: Average and best solution quality and average calculation time for the LBIH with varying parameter f = [0.5, 5] on all instances. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-computational-results-for-the-new-benchmark-dataset-13sorzk7.png Table 4: Computational results for the new benchmark dataset instances. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-impact-of-employee-selection-for-the-subproblems-1y1bo3y5.png Table 2: Impact of employee selection for the subproblems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-and-best-solution-quality-and-average-1ln9u3b2.png Figure 1: Average and best solution quality and average calculation time for the CMH with varying block size b = [1, 24] on instance 133 211 1647 33. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-gap-from-lower-bound-for-the-constructive-4kvsoqvv.png Figure 5: Average gap from lower bound for the constructive heuristics with varying average task duration (100 employees, 300 tasks, 60% skilling). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-gap-from-lower-bound-for-the-constructive-1m7ah5h2.png Figure 3: Average gap from lower bound for the constructive heuristics with varying multi-skilling level (113 employees, 1112 tasks, 90% tightness). https://scispace.com/papers/the-shifting-natural-wealth-of-nations-the-role-of-market-53afdardiy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-discoveries-before-and-after-opening-2k1002ri.png Table 1: Number of discoveries before and after opening – Country Examples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-of-natural-resource-discoveries-by-year-3bruz5td.png Figure 3: Number of Natural Resource Discoveries by Year https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-map-of-worldwide-natural-resource-discoveries-1gv8h311.png Figure 2: Map of Worldwide Natural Resource Discoveries https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-impact-of-liberalization-on-resource-discoveries-3iut30u2.png Table 2: The Impact of Liberalization on Resource Discoveries (OLS) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-impact-of-liberalization-on-exploration-spending-1yo5d6ga.png Table 6: The Impact of Liberalization on Exploration Spending (2SLS) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-impact-of-exploration-spending-on-natural-1mg7rpxh.png Table 5: The Impact of Exploration Spending on Natural Resource Discoveries https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-impact-of-liberalization-on-resource-discoveries-fhwhk68q.png Table 3: The Impact of Liberalization on Resource Discoveries (First stage of 2SLS) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-number-of-discoveries-before-and-after-3gk4rt6z.png Figure 4: Average number of discoveries before and after liberalization https://scispace.com/papers/the-short-and-long-term-effects-of-school-choice-on-student-18ow20pahn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-heterogeneity-of-effects-with-respect-to-urban-vs-8pshpc2m.png Table 10: Heterogeneity of effects with respect to urban vs. non-urban municipalities and outcome cognitive skills https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-results-when-estimating-the-effect-of-choice-as-a-1itpq9qh.png Table 8: Results when estimating the effect of choice as a piece-wise linear function. Outcome: Percentile rank GPA Grade 9 Choice Measure: Number of schools within median commuting distance Grade Level: 7-9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-from-main-estimation-for-percentile-rank-in-3e2e2ms9.png Table 3: Results from main estimation for percentile rank in marks in grade 9 Outcome: Percentile rank GPA Grade 9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-relation-between-pre-reform-and-post-reform-number-2hyub2td.png Table 15: Relation between pre-reform and post-reform number of schools Outcome: Difference between number of schools before and after the reform Choice Measure: Number of schools within median commuting distance Grade Level: 7-9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-effects-of-actual-choice-measures-on-percentile-1wq8okgh.png Table 16: Effects of actual choice measures on percentile rank in GPA 9 Outcome: Percentile rank Grades 9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-24-grade-inflation-regressions-for-different-subjects-2u0qd8r7.png Table 24 :Grade inflation, regressions for different subjects. Outcome: Grade in subject https://scispace.com/figures/table-20-descriptive-statistics-on-covariates-in-the-3qhk9lr2.png Table 20: Descriptive statistics on covariates in the estimation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-for-later-outcomes-35wd5scc.png Table 4: Results for later outcomes https://scispace.com/papers/the-signaling-role-of-promotions-further-theory-and-3cccuzlxzj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlation-matrix-for-performance-ratings-over-time-fbfkugdy.png TABLE 5: Correlation Matrix for Performance Ratings over Time https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ols-estimates-of-change-in-annual-log-wage-1-2-3-4-5-1n1nq4kz.png TABLE 4: OLS Estimates of Change in Annual Log-Wage (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-probit-marginal-effects-for-probability-of-promotion-2spenu6c.png TABLE 3: Probit Marginal Effects for Probability of Promotion in Year t (1) (2) (3) (4) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-probit-marginal-effects-levels-1-and-2-23d7ox3m.png TABLE 7: Probit Marginal Effects, Levels 1 and 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-job-titles-for-each-educational-sr4m33gv.png TABLE 1: Distribution of Job Titles for Each Educational Group https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-a3bvsx2z.png TABLE 2: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-probit-marginal-effects-for-probability-of-promotion-3iqw4mct.png TABLE 6: Probit Marginal Effects for Probability of Promotion in Year t Controlling for Various Lags of Performance https://scispace.com/papers/the-significance-of-calendar-effects-in-the-electricity-1jvqtgz37x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-of-lmps-by-hour-of-the-day-1gavf6id.png Figure 1: Mean of LMPs by Hour-of-the-day https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-of-lmps-by-month-3ewjr1iu.png Figure 2: Mean of LMPs by Month https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-of-lmps-by-day-of-the-week-3hlhzjmc.png Figure 4: Mean of LMPs by Day-of-the-week https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-of-lmps-by-day-of-the-month-1zgg4g4s.png Figure 3: Mean of LMPs by Day-of-the-month https://scispace.com/papers/the-shortcut-problem-complexity-and-approximation-28o6aawp5k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-graph-g-with-shortcuts-s1-s2-s3-all-edges-for-1rvsf4n7.png Fig. 2. Example Graph G with shortcuts s1, s2, s3, all edges for which no weight is given in the picture have weight 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-instance-i-after-the-transformation-from-min-set-cover-12vdx59t.png Fig. 1. Instance I′ after the transformation from MIN SET COVER (edges of the form (u r ,C−j ) are not drawn as they depend on the instance I) https://scispace.com/papers/the-significance-of-spatial-reconstruction-in-finite-volume-1tcf7ttsay 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-geometry-profile-of-the-lake-at-rest-1mxz2n8k.png Figure 1. The geometry profile of the lake at rest. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stage-momentum-and-velocity-of-lake-at-rest-problem-3q6bsnl9.png Figure 2. Stage, momentum and velocity of lake at rest problem by Method I. Here we use 400 cells and final time 10 seconds. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-complete-description-of-the-geometry-here-x-is-2fpgwneb.png Table 1. Complete description of the geometry. Here x is abscissa of B and B(x) is value of B function at x point. Both x and B(x) are measured in meters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-error-of-dam-break-problems-by-method-i-and-ii-2xhfvhxz.png Table 3. Error of dam-break problems by Method I and II. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stage-and-momentum-on-simulation-of-dam-break-1zc0wmas.png Figure 4. Stage and momentum on simulation of dam-break problem by Method I and II. Here we use 400 cells and final time 0.05 seconds. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-error-of-obstruction-problems-by-method-i-and-ii-1aswx0qu.png Table 2. The error of obstruction problems by Method I and II. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stage-and-momentum-on-flow-of-obstruction-by-method-15gzfciz.png Figure 3. Stage and momentum on flow of obstruction by Method II. Here we use 400 cells and final time 30 seconds. https://scispace.com/papers/the-significance-of-suffering-in-organizations-understanding-hqa5tnnrc9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-framework-of-ideal-types-of-interaction-between-1mppdcg9.png FIGURE 1 A Framework of Ideal Types of Interaction Between Modes of Control https://scispace.com/papers/the-significance-of-the-evanescent-spectrum-in-structure-1icm3kgsrd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-geometry-of-a-cylindrical-shell-structure-coupled-to-a-33ufk86z.png FIG. 5. Geometry of a cylindrical shell structure coupled to a layered acousto-elastic medium. The fluid layer occupies the region z0 < z < z1 and r>R, whereas the solid layers are horizontally stratified in the region z1 < z < D and r>R. This model can be used for the prediction of the structure-borne wave radiation during the installation of a pile by an impact hammer or a vibratory device. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-stress-field-in-the-waveguide-at-r1-4r-for-f1-4-10-hz-387x4qom.png FIG. 11. Stress field in the waveguide at r¼R for f¼ 10 Hz. (a) The stress amplitude ~rzr along the length of the shell structure is shown. Similarly, (b) and (c) show the stress components ~rzz and ~rrr . In each part, the black line denotes the stress field when only propagating modes are considered. The dashed line corresponds to the case in which 30 evanescent modes are included. The thick grey line corresponds to the case in which 184 evanescent modes are considered. The stress components ~rzr and ~rzz converge relatively fast [(a) and (b)]. On the contrary, the stress component ~rrr requires a large part of the evanescent spectrum for a satisfactory convergence at z¼ z1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-error-percentage-dp-m-for-the-coefficients-of-the-3n81bimi.png FIG. 12. Error percentage dp;m(%) for the coefficients of the propagating modes at f¼ 10 Hz. The amplitude of the each coefficient as obtained by the exact solution to the problem is shown in the parenthesis. The slow convergence of dp;1 does not influence the resulting displacement and stress fields due to the small amplitude of the correspondent mode, i.e., the particular mode is not excited by the load at this frequency. The rest of the coefficients converge to within an error dp;m 5% when more than 90 evanescent modes are included. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geometry-of-an-elastically-supported-beam-in-contact-257i5r7t.png FIG. 1. Geometry of an elastically supported beam in contact with an acoustic fluid. The beam is subjected to a point force at x¼ x0. The beam vibrations excite acoustic waves in the fluid region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-displacements-of-the-shell-and-of-the-waveguide-at-f1-2tw6slj8.png FIG. 10. Displacements of the shell and of the waveguide at f¼ 10 Hz with the inclusion of 184 evanescent modes for the acousto-elastic waveguide. The left figure shows the radial displacement mismatch, whereas the right figure shows the vertical displacement mismatch. The thin line denotes the displacement of the waveguide, the thick (grey) line denotes the displacement of the shell structure, and the dashed line denotes the mismatch. The inclusion of the evanescent regime improves the satisfaction of the interface conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-displacements-of-the-shell-and-of-the-waveguide-at-f1-2hp6eetv.png FIG. 9. Displacements of the shell and of the waveguide at f¼ 10 Hz when only propagating modes are considered. The left figure shows the radial displacement mismatch, whereas the right figure shows the vertical displacement mismatch. The thin line denotes the displacement of the waveguide, the thick (grey) line denotes the displacement of the shell structure, and the dashed line denotes the mismatch of these two. The vertical displacement continuity is satisfactory at the interface. On the contrary, the radial displacements do not match. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-evolution-of-the-radial-velocity-field-with-time-for-237d5v0v.png FIG. 14. Evolution of the radial velocity field with time for a point positioned 1 m above the seabed surface and at several horizontal positions. The field consists of two contributions. The early contribution (t< 0.05 s) is attributed to the bulk waves in the fluid, which are radiated directly from the vibrations of the shell surface. The second contribution is attributed to the Scholte waves, which induce low-frequency oscillations close to the seabedwater interface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-pressures-in-the-fluid-z-23-top-and-velocity-norm-in-3b9bci46.png FIG. 13. Pressures in the fluid (z 23; top) and velocity norm in the soil (z> 23; bottom) for several moments in time after the hammer impact. From left to right, the time moments are given in 10 3 s: t¼ 8.4; 13.2; 18; 22.8; 27.6; 42; 90; 108. The wave field in the water consists of pressure cones as indicated in the figure. The field in the soil consists of compressional and shear wave fronts. The compressional waves in the soil propagate with a speed similar to that of the bulk waves in the fluid region. Scholte waves (indicated by the black circle) are generated at the seabed-water interface and are visible from t > 42 10 3 s onward. The Scholte waves induce low-frequency pressure fluctuations close to the seabed. https://scispace.com/papers/the-simulation-heuristic-paranoia-and-social-anxiety-in-a-1n6q55iasn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mood-social-anxiety-paranoia-and-data-gathering-10e0nhgp.png Table 1 Mood, social anxiety, paranoia and data gathering scores by group https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gos-scores-m-sd-by-scenario-type-and-group-3i5xccpd.png Table 2 GOS scores (M, SD) by Scenario Type and Group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relationship-between-bead-draws-and-goodness-of-17tbmf48.png Figure 1 Relationship between bead draws and goodness of simulation by group (Paranoia versus Nonparanoia) for average paranoia scenario https://scispace.com/papers/the-slave-trade-and-conflict-in-africa-1400-2000-2irqvj1f3d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-slave-trade-and-the-resource-curse-1hwd4v3o.png Table 6: The Slave Trade and the Resource Curse https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conflict-and-slave-exports-tho9d7zw.png Figure 1: Conflict and Slave Exports https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-role-of-institutions-1jezbdlf.png Table 7: Role of Institutions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-british-gun-imports-and-slave-exports-in-18th-1jc0y17z.png Table 1: British Gun Imports and Slave Exports in 18th Century Africa https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-persistent-impact-of-the-slave-trade-on-conflict-in-31tq18y1.png Table 5: Persistent Impact of the Slave Trade on Conflict in Africa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temporal-trends-in-distance-to-coast-slave-exports-3jmydnk6.png Figure 2: Temporal Trends in Distance to Coast, Slave Exports, and Conflict https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pre-colonial-impact-of-the-slave-trade-on-conflict-3hu3w79x.png Table 3: Pre-Colonial Impact of the Slave Trade on Conflict by Century https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pre-colonial-impact-of-the-slave-trade-on-conflict-1atw5k4d.png Table 4: Pre-Colonial Impact of the Slave Trade on Conflict by Region https://scispace.com/papers/the-slavic-akathistos-hymn-3kp3rsp1da 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-xxvi-grammatical-figures-in-slavic-2g6fi7e1.png TABLE XXVI GRAMMATICAL FIGURES IN SLAVIC https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-transmissioni-of-figures-of-secondary-sound-2qq9xhqh.png TABLE II TRANSMISSIONI OF FIGURES OF SECONDARY SOUND REPETITION https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-transmission-of-figures-of-primary-sound-repetition-fq4zw812.png TABLE I TRANSMISSION OF FIGURES OF PRIMARY SOUND REPETITION https://scispace.com/figures/table-xiii-transmission-of-semantic-tropes-on8kumxh.png TABLE XIII TRANSMISSION OF SEMANTIC TROPES https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-transmission-of-figures-of-sound-primary-and-3fijk7a3.png TABLE III TRANSMISSION OF FIGURES OF SOUND (PRIMARY AND SECONDARY) REPETITION https://scispace.com/figures/table-xx-iidajj7n.png TABLE XX https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-transmission-of-parallelism-of-grammatical-1013p7xd.png TABLE VIII TRANSMISSION OF PARALLELISM OF GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES (PARTIAL TRANSMISSION INTERPRETED AS NON-TRANSMISSION) https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-transmission-of-parallelism-of-grammatical-31xxuqmh.png TABLE VII TRANSMISSION OF PARALLELISM OF GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES (COMPUTED PER PAIR OF LEXICAL TERMS) https://scispace.com/papers/the-single-assignment-hub-covering-problem-models-and-khr3713hha 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-cover-radii-used-for-test-problems-1cu1vx9z.png Table 1 The cover radii used for test problems https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-computational-comparison-of-linearizations-of-hsc-3sf99o9x.png Table 2 Computational comparison of linearizations of HSC and of HC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optimal-hub-locations-and-allocations-for-a-1-4-0-4-3u0229cs.png Figure 2 Optimal hub locations and allocations for a ¼ 0:4 and (a) b ¼ 2401, (b) b ¼ 2099, (c) b ¼ 1881, and (d) b ¼ 1597. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cities-used-in-the-cab-data-set-k9bnaev9.png Figure 1 Cities used in the CAB data set. https://scispace.com/papers/the-sloan-digital-sky-survey-ii-supernova-survey-technical-1a9li5i0np 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-number-of-sdss-photometry-epochs-1opdao6j.png Figure 4. Distribution of number of SDSS photometry epochs for confirmed SNe of all types (dashed) and for SNe Ia (solid) for the 2005 and 2006 seasons, based on the on-mountain photometric reductions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-telescope-resources-allocated-for-spectroscopic-2pzyecsn.png Table 1 Telescope Resources Allocated for Spectroscopic Observations in 2005 and 2006 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spectra-of-the-sne-ia-shown-in-figure-3-left-wht-32z4kmri.png Figure 5. Spectra of the SNe Ia shown in Figure 3. Left: WHT spectrum of SN 2005ff; Right: Subaru spectrum of SN 2005gg. Galaxy light has not been subtracted. Solid curves denote template SN Ia spectra at the indicated epochs relative to peak light. The abscissa shows observed wavelength. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-histogram-of-redshifts-of-spectroscopically-2338biea.png Figure 6. Histogram of redshifts of spectroscopically confirmed SNe Ia for the 2005 (short-dashed) and 2006 (dotted) seasons. Long-dashed histogram shows the 2005 confirmed sample plus 94 objects with SN Ia light curves and subsequent host-galaxy redshift measurements. The solid histogram shows the sum of these three distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-distribution-of-epoch-relative-to-g-band-peak-light-3orks2y2.png Figure 7. Distribution of epoch relative to g-band peak light of first spectroscopic observations for the spectroscopically confirmed SNe Ia from the 2005 and 2006 seasons. The epoch of peak light is estimated from light-curve fits to the on-mountain photometry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-right-ascension-coverage-in-degrees-versus-time-1udfrq5r.png Figure 1. Right ascension coverage (in degrees) versus time (measured from September 1, i.e., MJD-53980) for the southern half of stripe 82 during the 2006 SDSS SN season. The large asterisks denote gaps around full moon. The first scan was taken in late August to minimize survey edge effects. The first part of 2006 September suffered from poor observing conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-photometric-discovery-epoch-relative-to-estimated-3qxdx4x9.png Figure 2. Photometric discovery epoch relative to estimated time of g-band peak light versus redshift, for 312 spectroscopically confirmed SNe Ia from the 2005 and 2006 seasons. The epoch of peak light is determined from lightcurve fits to the on-mountain photometry. Open points denote supernovae that reached peak light at least seven days after the start of the survey on September 1; filled points denote supernovae that peaked before September 7 and account for most of the SNe found after peak. The solid curve shows the expected epoch at which a fiducial model SN Ia, with decline-rate parameter ∆m15 = 1.2 and no extinction, reaches r = 22.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-distribution-of-confirmed-sdss-ii-sne-ia-from-2005-2mkldg0l.png Figure 8. Distribution of confirmed SDSS-II SNe Ia from 2005 and 2006 in RA and redshift (large points), superposed on the distribution of galaxies with redshifts measured by the SDSS (small points). The SN survey extends slightly beyond the RA limits for the redshift survey, leading to the handful of SNe that appear “out of bounds.” https://scispace.com/papers/the-sloan-digital-sky-survey-quasar-lens-search-ii-3ezibnm40h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-2d8bw92q.png Table 2 Morphological Candidates https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-morphological-candidates-ls5yqbrd.png Table 2 Morphological Candidates https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-redshifts-and-galactic-extinction-corrected-i-band-18nxt0fo.png Table 6 Redshifts and Galactic Extinction Corrected i-band Magnitudes of the 22,683 Quasars https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-additional-lensed-quasars-in-the-sdss-dr3-quasar-170mp6hn.png Table 5 Additional Lensed Quasars in the SDSS DR3 Quasar Catalog https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numbers-of-candidates-390a8eo4.png Table 1 Numbers of Candidates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-of-the-candidate-selection-procedure-of-2nb6tjq9.png Figure 1. Flowchart of the candidate selection procedure of the SQLS. First we construct a statistical subsample of quasars (source QSOs) from the SDSS spectroscopic quasar catalog. The specific selection criteria (M1–M3, C1–C2, and S1) are given in Paper I. The details of the additional selection criteria are described in Section 3. Table 1 presents the numbers of the source quasars, parent candidates, objects rejected at each step, and final follow-up candidates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-lensed-quasars-from-the-sdss-dr3-statistical-sample-2efula3n.png Table 4 Lensed Quasars from the SDSS DR3: Statistical Sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-image-separation-distribution-of-the-sqls-dr3-1g42q83s.png Figure 4. Image separation distribution of the SQLS DR3 statistical sample in bins of ∆ log θ = 0.2. The statistical sample is constructed in the range 1′′ < θ < 20′′ as indicated by the dotted lines. The individual lenses are listed in Table 4. https://scispace.com/papers/the-small-mammals-of-amazonian-forest-fragments-pattern-and-1d7lsu2fvt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-7-mean-dry-biomass-of-insects-from-understory-1y1iu2l8.png Figure 6-7. Mean dry biomass of insects from understory tangle-traps (Part a) and understory: overstory biomass from tangle-traps (Part B) vs overstory foliage thickness. Understory: overstory biomass are deviations from the line Y = X in figure 6-6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-9-as-table-6-6-except-that-correlations-are-for-jihf6s41.png Table 6-9. As table 6-6 except that correlations are for insect biomass/arboreal pitfall trapnight. 145 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-5-the-second-canonical-axes-of-correlation-from-rv3ih8dj.png Figure 7-5. The second canonical axes of correlation from analyses of canonical correlation between the abundances of six small mammal species and understory and overstory vegetation thickness. In part A, "non-isolated" sites (closed symbols) were analyzed, and the resulting coefficients were used to plot "isolated sites" (open ssnnbols) in the canonical plane. In part B, "isolated" sites (closed symbols) were analyzed, and the resulting coefficients were used to plot "non-isolated sites" (open symbols) in the canonical plane. Symbols are as in figure 7-4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-2-weighted-correlations-between-mammalian-species-8rz1hy6o.png Table 7-2. Weighted correlations between mammalian species abundances and vegetation thicknesses in two treatment groupings, and between each set of variables and their canonical variables. Non-isolated sites included those in continuous forest and its edge; isolated sites included those in 10- and 1-ha forest fragments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-6-principle-components-1-and-2-from-an-analysis-of-czkdxw64.png Figure 7-6. Principle components 1 and 2 from an analysis of mean number of individuals per l~ha unit in matrix habitat (censuses combined). Eigenvectors (times four) are shown for each small manmal taxon captured; three letter codes identify taxa (PRO = Proechimys spp.; otherwise, the first letter of the genus and the first two letters of the species). Correlations (times four) between mean vegetation thickness in a unit and the principal component scores, and between the distance from a unit to continuous forest and the principal component scores, are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-8-as-table-6-7-except-that-data-are-from-the-two-3nbq4w8l.png Table 6-8. As table 6-7 except that data are from the two sites where matrix habitat was secondary forest https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-mean-n-maximum-distance-between-recaptures-during-214sw5jo.png Table 4-4. Mean (± ^ (n)) maximum distance between recaptures during two trapping periods: May 1985 - July 1987 (phase 1) and October 1987 March 1989 (phase 2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-mean-estimated-biomass-dry-weight-in-mg-trapnight-7b1n6r9l.png Table 6-1. Mean estimated biomass (dry weight in mg/trapnight) for understory tangle-traps during two censuses of five habitats at each of four sites. The matrix at two of the sites was pasture; at the other two it was secondary forest. Prior to calculating means, I removed site effects by computing xjj| - » ^ + x^,^, where xa is the biomass per trapnight during the i^"census of the habitat at the site. https://scispace.com/papers/the-sloan-digital-sky-survey-quasar-lens-search-iii-23ebzfmcrb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sdss-dr3-quasar-lens-sample-36hxflj6.png Table 1 SDSS DR3 Quasar Lens Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-systematic-errors-1jfl2kzs.png Table 2 Systematic Errors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-contours-at-1s-and-2s-confidence-levels-estimated-26lp6adm.png Figure 3. Contours at 1σ and 2σ confidence levels (estimated from ∆χ2 = 2.3 and 6.17) are plotted in the ΩM-w plane. Solid lines indicate the constraint from the SQLS DR3, whereas dotted lines are from the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) detected in the SDSS luminous red galaxy power spectrum (Eisenstein et al. 2005). The joint constraint from SQLS and BAO is shown by shaded regions: the best-fit model (ΩM, w) = (0.26, −1.1) is indicated with a cross. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relative-likelihoods-of-the-value-of-the-1xfuageb.png Figure 1. Relative likelihoods of the value of the cosmological constant ΩΛ from fitting the SQLS DR3 data, assuming a spatially flat universe. The vertical dotted lines indicate the 1σ range estimated from ∆χ2 = 1. The likelihood becomes maximum at ΩΛ = 0.74. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-number-distribution-of-lensed-quasars-is-1wd757sq.png Figure 2. The number distribution of lensed quasars is plotted as a function of the image separation θ . The histogram shows the number distribution in the SQLS DR3 statistical sample (see Table 1. The bin size is 0.′′5, thus the actual number of lenses in each bin is half of what we plot). We use only lenses in the image separation range 1′′ < θ < 3′′ as indicated by the vertical dotted lines. The solid line indicates the prediction of our best-fit model ΩΛ = 0.74 (see Figure 1). The dashed line shows the prediction of our best-fit model when we adopt the velocity function of Sheth et al. (2003) instead of our fiducial velocity function of Choi et al. (2007). See Section 4.3 for a detailed discussion of the effect of adopting the different velocity functions. The sharp decline below θ = 1′′ is due to the selection function φi (θ), which rapidly decreases at θ < 1′′. Note that our statistical lens sample contains two more lensed quasars at θ > 3′′ that are not shown in this figure. https://scispace.com/papers/the-slope-line-code-for-digital-communication-systems-1knmgjc57e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-state-transition-diagram-of-the-encoder-1boz6umt.png Fig. 1. State transition diagram of the encoder. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-slope-encoder-input-pn-sequence-and-output-stairstep-2mbh3n00.png Fig. 5. Slope encoder input (PN sequence) and output (stairstep-/slope-encoded) waveforms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pn-generator-and-slope-encoder-block-diagram-3dwwhnky.png Fig. 4. PN generator and slope encoder block diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-state-transition-diagram-of-the-decoder-uex08xyn.png Fig. 3. State transition diagram of the decoder. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-different-encoded-waveforms-from-top-to-1tkd217u.png Fig. 2. Example of different encoded waveforms. From top to bottom: NRZ-L, Manchester, AMI, and slope line codes. https://scispace.com/papers/the-sloan-digital-sky-survey-reverberation-mapping-project-1tb8dqlzvb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continuum-and-broad-line-light-curves-270uxajv.png Table 2 Continuum and Broad-line Light Curves https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-light-curves-ccf-and-rms-line-profile-for-the-15-3ngcq1ds.png Figure 4. Light curves, CCF, and rms line profile for the 15 objects with lag detections. For each detection, the top panel shows the continuum (at restframe 5100 Å) and broad-line light curves, with the median flux indicated by the dotted horizontal line. Bad epochs are marked in red and excluded from the CCF analysis (see text for details). The middle panel shows the CCF (solid black line), and theautocorrelation function (ACF) of the continuum LC is shown by the red dotted line. The lag (i.e., the median of the CCF centroid distribution from FR/RSS; see Section 2.2) is indicated by the solid vertical line, and the dashed vertical lines indicate the 1σ uncertainty in the lag. The statistical significance of the CCF peak is shown in the upperleft corner. The bottom panel shows the model rms broad-line flux with the black line and the estimated errors with the red dashed line, both output by PrepSpec. We only show rms flux errors within the adaptive broad-line fitting window, as errors outside the fitting window are not properly estimated in PrepSpec. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ccf-centroid-distributions-cccds-from-fr-rss-for-rpf77fsr.png Figure 8. CCF centroid distributions (CCCDs) from FR/RSS for the 15 lags. The lags are in the observed frame to match Figures 4–7. The vertical dashed and dotted lines indicate the reported lag and its uncertainties. In all cases there is a reasonably welldefined main peak in the CCCD to determine the best lag. In a few cases there are substructures (possible aliases due to the sparse sampling of the LCs) in the CCCD that will lead to elevated uncertainties in the lag. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-distribution-of-objects-with-detected-lags-in-the-1xwyq27v.png Figure 10. Distribution of objects with detected lags in the redshift–luminosity plane. The red open circles are the 44 local RM AGNs compiled in Feng et al. (2014), and the blue filled circles represent the 15 preliminary lag measurements in this work. Our lag detections probe a new regime in this parameter space, providing direct SMBH masses over approximately half of cosmic time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-blr-size-luminosity-relation-our-lag-detections-are-16fy6x24.png Figure 9. BLR size–luminosity relation. Our lag detections are shown as black circles (for Hβ detections) and red squares (for Mg II detections). The data for previous <z 0.3 RM AGNs compiled in Bentz et al. (2013) are indicated with gray points. Our new lags are consistent with the locations of the previous RM AGNs used to calibrate the local R–L relation, but are not yet able to constrain the R–L relation independently given the limited numbers, precision, dynamic range, and possible selection biases inherent in our program (see discussion in the text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diagnosis-of-lag-detections-with-spectroscopic-only-1pkifv3i.png Figure 3. Diagnosis of lag detections with spectroscopic-only LCs. Gray points show the CCF peaks against the S/Nof the line variability for the 100 lowestredshift quasars in SDSS-RM for which we have processed with PrepSpec, focusing only on the Hβ and Mg II lines. Red points show only those peaks with a statistical significance greater than 0.999, thus removing spurious peaks from low-quality LC data. There is an obvious preference towardpositive peaks (i.e., lags) in the high-significance peaks, indicating that these spectroscopic LCs are meaningful in detecting lags. Objects with larger variability amplitudes in the lines allow more straightforward lag detection (i.e., comparing the gray and red points). There is an excess of zero-lag peaks, which reflects correlated errors in the continuum and line LCs from spectroscopy alone, and/or the difficulty to detect lags shorter than the spectroscopic cadence (a few days). Finally, the red circled points show our reported detections, which have a CCF peak statistical significance greater than 0.999, an S/N in the line variability greater than 10, and a measured lag inconsistent with zero at s>1 (see Section 2.2 for details). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-same-as-figure-4-for-another-set-of-three-objects-skfiie9i.png Figure 7. Same as Figure 4, for another set of three objects with lag measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-same-as-figure-4-for-another-set-of-four-objects-16335dh4.png Figure 6. Same as Figure 4, for another set of four objects with lag measurements. https://scispace.com/papers/the-social-cost-of-capital-recent-estimates-for-the-eu-3ixbyrjgdu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-of-the-srtp-for-20-eu-countries-24v1tc6w.png Table 2: Estimation of the SRTP for 20 EU countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-declining-long-term-discount-rate-in-the-uk-2wb482tu.png Figure 1: Declining long term discount rate in the UK https://scispace.com/papers/the-social-gradient-in-cultural-consumption-and-the-djt3fnziu5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predicted-probabilities-of-being-a-lowbrow-omnivore-1icsuhmq.png Figure 2: Predicted probabilities of being a lowbrow omnivore concert participant given degree type and social status https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-association-odds-ratios-between-degree-type-and-odds-15cok1uj.png Table 8: Association (Odds Ratios) between degree-type and odds of being in the Lowbrow Omnivore or Highbrow Omnivore vs. the None category https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-associations-logit-regression-coefficients-between-w66hb2o4.png Table 5: Associations (logit regression coefficients) between degree type and preferences for visual artists https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-associations-logit-regression-coefficients-between-2rfsma26.png Table 4: Associations (logit regression coefficients) between degree type and familiarity with visual artists https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conditional-probabilities-of-cultural-participation-1nv1xd9g.png Figure 1: Conditional probabilities of cultural participation for each latent class https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-associations-logit-regression-coefficients-between-3f8haquf.png Table 3: Associations (logit regression coefficients) between degree type and preference for film directors https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-associations-logit-regression-coefficients-between-1zdpvj7k.png Table 2: Associations (logit regression coefficients) between degree type and familiarity with film directors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-predicted-probabilities-of-being-a-highbrow-1xhag3ek.png Figure 3: Predicted probabilities of being a highbrow omnivore given degree type and social status https://scispace.com/papers/the-social-impact-of-euro-mediterranean-free-trade-areas-a-1r53vf0c0c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trade-restrictiveness-of-mpcs-and-eu-1nkb7l8o.png FIGURE 2 TRADE RESTRICTIVENESS OF MPCS AND EU https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-levels-of-human-poverty-vis-a-vis-gdp-per-capita-22fy0lr2.png FIGURE 5 LEVELS OF HUMAN POVERTY VIS-À-VIS GDP PER CAPITA FOR EIGHT MPCS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-time-distribution-of-social-and-economic-costs-of-1hy5hft1.png FIGURE 6 TIME DISTRIBUTION OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC COSTS OF ECONOMIC REFORM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-employment-vulnerability-to-free-trade-of-mpcs-2002-ih20m3av.png FIGURE 3 EMPLOYMENT VULNERABILITY TO FREE TRADE OF MPCS (2002) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-budgetary-vulnerability-to-free-trade-2002-3rhqhtfe.png FIGURE 4 BUDGETARY VULNERABILITY TO FREE TRADE (2002) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-trade-balance-with-the-eu-1998-99-236usoma.png FIGURE 1 TRADE BALANCE WITH THE EU (1998 – 99) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tariff-dismantling-schedule-for-morocco-s6fuc6gm.png TABLE 1 TARIFF DISMANTLING SCHEDULE FOR MOROCCO https://scispace.com/papers/the-social-dynamics-of-micro-firm-learning-in-an-evolving-48mnesyok7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-social-dynamics-of-micro-firm-learning-and-27rw61no.png Fig. 1. The social dynamics of micro-firm learning and participation in tourism ELCs. https://scispace.com/papers/the-social-legitimacy-of-international-organisations-3h6wl1opvg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multivariate-models-predicting-un-confidence-3erqj8v1.png Table 2. Multivariate models predicting UN confidence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-un-confidence-in-26-countries-3hpk4gt4.png Figure 1. UN confidence in 26 countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-base-model-predicting-un-confidence-zyqabz9u.png Table 1. Base model predicting UN confidence https://scispace.com/papers/the-social-reach-8-month-olds-reach-for-unobtainable-objects-15xpopydjk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-materials-used-the-locations-of-kg3uqxkw.png Fig. 1. Illustration of the materials used, the locations of the infant and experimenter during the trials, and the rake with examples of the three distances for placing the objects. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-of-experiment-2-mean-number-of-reaching-2jnuhxsc.png Fig. 3. Results of Experiment 2: mean number of reaching attempts as a function of social condition (alone, parent present, experimenter present) and distance (far out of reach, within reach). Error bars represent ±1 SEM for each condition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-results-of-experiment-1-mean-number-of-reaching-354tzuqq.png Fig. 2. Results of Experiment 1: mean number of reaching attempts as a function of social condition (parent absent, parent present) and distance (far out of reach, at reach, within reach). Error bars represent ±1 SEM for each condition. https://scispace.com/papers/the-socio-economic-determinants-of-social-capital-and-the-3wdzv24afl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-linear-regression-model-explaining-social-capital-wcq0c9sy.png Table 2. Linear regression model explaining social capital and its components from activity rates, density, GDP per capita, Gini coefficient, national divergence. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-residuals-1u1op7zv.png Table 4. Residuals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-regression-explaining-social-capital-from-all-qmymlo1d.png Figure 1. Regression explaining social capital from all dependent variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-linear-regression-model-explaining-social-capital-gknc68pb.png Table 3. Linear regression model explaining social capital from activity rates, density, GDP per capita, gini coefficient, national divergence (stepwise model). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dependent-independent-variables-and-values-of-the-1827sfcc.png Table 1. Dependent, independent variables and values of the residuals (Belgian and Italian regions). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-continued-2gj8g1ia.png Table 4. Residuals. https://scispace.com/papers/the-sociodemographic-patterning-of-opposition-to-raising-488u3ja15y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-e-logistic-regression-predicting-opposition-to-a-law-1dbqkstk.png Table 4 e Logistic regression predicting opposition to a law prohibiting all advertisements for tobacco products (1 ¼ opposed, 0 ¼ in favor or don't know). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-e-logistic-regression-predicting-opposition-to-1gss1mne.png Table 3 e Logistic regression predicting opposition to increasing taxes on tobacco products (1 ¼ opposed, 0 ¼ in favor or don't know). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-e-description-of-the-sample-by-smoking-status-bhbnspn8.png Table 2 e Description of the sample, by smoking status. https://scispace.com/papers/the-softpro-project-synergy-based-open-source-technologies-2yi5x7026l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-examples-of-devices-developed-or-used-within-the-2oqzlbvq.png Fig. 2. Examples of devices developed or used within the SoftPro project: (a) SoftHand Pro, (b) Stretch Pro, (c) HandExo and (d) Sixth Finger. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-softpro-technologies-and-integration-3ezdg2e7.png Fig. 1. SoftPro technologies and integration https://scispace.com/papers/the-sol-gel-synthesis-of-cotton-tio2-composites-and-their-324ysayd3b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-textural-characteristics-of-the-pure-cotton-fibers-1kuru7f7.png Table II. Textural characteristics of the pure cotton fibers and cotton/TiO2 composites https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-weight-fractions-of-titania-in-tio2-modified-2tquu9ab.png Table II. Textural characteristics of the pure cotton fibers and cotton/TiO2 composites https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-antibacterial-test-of-the-pure-cotton-fibers-and-3cyknocj.png Table III. Antibacterial test of the pure cotton fibers and cotton/TiO2 composites against E.coli https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-z40ag6nx.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2g6s5y1n.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-75slvftf.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-3qeao9pr.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-2mxchxbb.png Figure 10 https://scispace.com/papers/the-sop-for-miniaturized-mixed-signal-computing-rd4m8a7iu7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-components-fabricated-on-organic-sop-1yvunvm4.png Fig. 14. Components fabricated on organic SOP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-rf-component-integration-in-ic-and-sop-package-2mrpycgt.png Fig. 13. RF component integration in IC and SOP package. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-1-6-gb-s-transceiver-output-1qnj7fty.png Fig. 7. 1. 6 Gb/s transceiver output. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-a-picture-of-fabricated-combiner-in-mlo-process-5-mm-tf7bf3aj.png Fig. 15. (a) Picture of fabricated combiner in MLO process, 5 mm in length. (b) Frequency spectrum at the output port. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-systems-packaging-has-been-evolving-over-decades-1nhwq6nr.png Fig. 1. Systems packaging has been evolving over decades consistent with systems needs as shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sop-is-about-system-integration-by-component-3tu1hnop.png Fig. 2. SOP is about system integration by component integration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-impact-of-dielectric-loss-on-signal-integrity-for-eob5k5wx.png Fig. 8. Impact of dielectric loss on signal integrity for various thin-film materials (eye diagrams at 5 Gb/s). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-inc-mixed-signal-system-with-digital-optical-and-rf-2dp3260k.png Fig. 4. INC mixed signal system with digital, optical, and RF blocks and interfaces. https://scispace.com/papers/the-sorting-of-female-careers-after-first-birth-a-competing-2izc5p2vp7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-share-of-observed-transitions-after-inactivity-by-1y34o68y.png Figure 1: Share of observed transitions after inactivity by year of birth, 1985-2005. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-characteristics-of-the-reference-person-used-for-the-j5mu874a.png Table 6: Characteristics of the reference person used for the plots in Figures 3 and 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimated-marginal-effects-of-covariate-groups-on-1gn4rezb.png Table 4: Estimated marginal effects of covariate groups on cumulative incidences (in %-points) 12 months after birth https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-estimates-of-cumulative-incidences-for-the-19v20rlu.png Figure 6: Estimates of cumulative incidences for the reference person (see Table 6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-job-protection-periods-and-duration-of-maternity-1ui33u0q.png Figure 4: Job protection periods and duration of maternity benefits by regime (with start date) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-maximum-cumulative-amount-of-means-tested-maternity-2xlc5k2g.png Figure 5: Maximum cumulative amount of means tested maternity benefits by regime (with start date) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-month-on-month-increase-in-unconditional-cumulative-3mkyt4l3.png Figure 3: Month on month increase in unconditional cumulative incidences for 4 periods (as defined in Figures 4 and 5 ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nonparametric-estimates-of-unconditional-cumulative-3ggbpg5d.png Figure 2: Nonparametric estimates of unconditional cumulative incidences. https://scispace.com/papers/the-sources-of-the-communication-gap-2kbki9jt71 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-correlation-between-cooperation-rates-and-own-24xzbfbl.png Table 9: Correlation between cooperation rates and own beliefs by type and treatment https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-ability-to-recognize-types-by-own-type-20m6tjmq.png Table 10 Ability to recognize types by own type https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-beliefs-after-and-cues-690yyr5s.png Table 7: Beliefs after and cues https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-average-cooperation-rate-of-others-by-beliefs-after-3g71pxk6.png Fig. 1 Average cooperation rate of others by beliefs after meeting. The plotted lines are moving averages, where for each belief we compute the uniformly weighted average over all beliefs within a distance of 10 percentage points of that belief. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cooperation-rates-and-beliefs-1t5jxfv9.png Table 4: Cooperation rates and beliefs https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-ability-to-recognize-types-1wccayqf.png Table 6: Ability to recognize types https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-cooperation-and-cues-2aijzpgy.png Table 8: Cooperation and cues https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2a-upper-panel-and-2b-lower-panel-average-cooperation-27bcifw0.png Fig. 2a (upper panel) and 2b (lower panel) Average cooperation rate of subjects as a function of beliefs at the moment of the decision. These are beliefs before meeting in Baseline and beliefs after meeting in the other treatments. B, S, R and U refer to the Baseline, Silent, Restricted and Unrestricted treatments, respectively. In the lower panel, the graph of BSR includes all subjects in treatments B, S and R. The plotted lines are moving averages, where for each belief we compute the uniformly weighted average over all beliefs within a distance of 10 percentage points of that belief. https://scispace.com/papers/the-south-and-disarmament-at-the-un-3k55ob9xs5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-review-of-international-studies-3owd5y3p.png Table 2: Review of International Studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-international-studies-quarterly-ro1bc2pa.png Table 3: International Studies Quarterly https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-world-politics-4010zm6g.png Table 4: World Politics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-millennium-2pyd4g7y.png Table 1: Millennium https://scispace.com/papers/the-sow-endosalpinx-at-different-stages-of-the-oestrous-3i3ywl4zdt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-plasma-levels-of-oestradiol-17b-and-progesterone-dfcwxlvc.png Table 2. Plasma levels of oestradiol-17β and progesterone (mean ± SD) of sows during 6 different stages; samples taken 1 h before slaughter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-morphology-of-the-porcine-endosalpinx-by-electron-2u5qfk3n.png Fig. 3. Morphology of the porcine endosalpinx by electron microscopy (infundibulum at dioestrus). Showing (a) cytoplasmic (CP) and nucleated (N) protrusions, (b) sloughed epithelial cell in the oviductal lumen (arrow), (c) and (d) three types of mononuclear cells basally in the epithelium: round (R) or irregular (I) shaped nucleus with light cytoplasm and small amonts of heterochromatin clumped along the nuclear envelope, and lymphocyte-like cells (L) with a thin rim of cytoplasm and dense nuclear chromatin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-morphology-of-the-porcine-oviductal-mucosa-by-light-3duvn8c8.png Fig. 2. Morphology of the porcine oviductal mucosa by light microscopy (infundibulum at prooestrus). a, IEL; b, lymphocyte; c, plasma cell; d, neutrophil; e, mast cell; f, fibroblast; g, cytoplasmic protrusion; and h, nucleated protruding cells. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-lymphocytes-macrop-the-sow-oviduct-jjxxjajf.png Fig. 4. Distribution of lymphocytes, macrop the sow oviduct presented as bars (mean ± S At different stages of the oestrus cycle and a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-distribution-of-immune-cells-in-th-infundibulum-1xuf4kco.png Fig. 5. Distribution of immune cells in th infundibulum presented as bars (mean ± SD) different stages of the oestrus cycle and a difference found among bars with P ≤ 0.05 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-distribution-mean-and-g-and-h-cd14-positive-of-the-sow-1laf7s6p.png Fig. 6. Distribution (mean ± and (g and h) CD14 positive of the sow oviduct compari anoestrus) and (b, d, f and h positive cells comparing the and subepithelial connective bars with P ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ marked by different letters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-estimation-of-a-pseudostratifica-figures-and-d-jejwpvgq.png Fig. 1. Estimation of (a) pseudostratifica figures, and (d) secretory granules of the ep sized vessels, and (f) degree of fibroblast https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-monoclonal-antibodies-used-for-the-3g7mqss7.png Table 1. Monoclonal antibodies used for the immunohistochemical staining https://scispace.com/papers/the-soybean-glycine-max-l-cytokinin-oxidase-dehydrogenase-3hlv69penv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gmckx-gene-family-members-with-natural-variation-and-1wvlippp.png Table 2. GmCKX gene family members with natural variation and the cultivars in which the variations 1 occurred. Information associated with SNPs found in GmCKX14 is bolded (more description in text). 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-analysed-soybean-ckx-genes-18q93qf4.png Table 1. Characteristics of the analysed soybean CKX genes and their respective proteins. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ck-profile-data-groups-fb-rb-and-nt-and-types-within-234r2u8g.png Fig. 3 CK profile data (groups: FB, RB and NT, and types within these groups: tZ-type, cZ-type, DZ-type 14 and iP-type) analysed using HPLC-MS/MS at 4 developmental stages in 4 soybean cultivars. Highlighted 15 bold are the cultivars with SNPs in GMCKX14 detected. Letters denote significant differences among the 16 cultivars (ANOVA, Duncan’s multiple range test, p<0.05) 17 https://scispace.com/papers/the-space-density-of-luminous-dusty-star-forming-galaxies-at-2ia9l1nfzg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-2yn0nrdp.png Table 1 Targets and Their Properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-targets-in-the-gama-9-hr-field-observed-by-scuba-2-2e79clts.png Figure 12. Targets in the GAMA 9 hr field, observed by SCUBA-2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-difference-d-z-z1-spec-as-a-function-of-zspec-1zfx4uut.png Figure 6. Difference, D +z z1 spec( ), as a function of zspec between photometric redshifts determined using the three SEDs shown to be the most effective templates in Figure 5 and the spectroscopic redshifts, zspec, determined via detections of CO using broadband spectrometers for 25 ultrared DSFGs that match the color requirements of our sample here, drawn from this paper, from Weiß et al. (2013), Riechers et al. (2013), Asboth et al. (2016), and Strandet et al. (2016). As in Figure 5, we employed the available SPIRE photometric measurements and all additional photometry out to 1 mm. The statistics noted in each panel show that the systematic underestimates or overestimates of zphot found using the relevant SED templates are small, as is the scatter. The lower panel showsD +z z1 spec( ) for the template that yields the lowest χ2 for each ultrared DSFG, this being the approach we adopt hereafter to determine the redshift distribution of our full sample. The scatter in this lower panel represents the minimum systematic uncertainty in photometric redshift since these sources typically have higher S/N photometry than our faint, ultrared DSFG candidates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-targets-and-their-photometric-redshift-properties-1l02yih3.png Table 2 Targets and Their Photometric Redshift Properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-targets-in-the-ngp-field-observed-by-scuba-2-2xjl6nzg.png Figure 15. Targets in the NGP field, observed by SCUBA-2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-targets-and-their-properties-3ko4zofy.png Table 1 Targets and Their Properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-continued-2xb5vlre.png Figure 15. Targets in the NGP field, observed by SCUBA-2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-difference-z-z-z1phot-spec-spec-or-d-z-z1-spec-as-a-1bo0rade.png Figure 5. Difference, - +z z z1phot spec spec( ) ( ) or D +z z1 spec( ), as a function of zspec between photometric redshifts determined using the SED templates shown in Figure 4 and the spectroscopic redshifts, zspec, determined via detections of CO using broadband spectrometers for 69 bright DSFGs. We employed the available SPIRE photometric measurements and all additional photometry out to 1 mm, as tabulated by Ivison et al. (2010), Riechers et al. (2013), Robson et al. (2014), Bussmann et al. (2013), Weiß et al. (2013), Asboth et al. (2016), and Strandet et al. (2016). Approximately the same trend can be seen in each panel. A linear fit of the form D + µ - ´z z z1 0.059spec spec( ) , which is typical, is shown in the Cosmic Eyelash panel. The statistics noted in each panel illustrates the systematic underestimates or overestimates of zphot found using the relevant SED templates and the degree of scatter. It is worth noting that the redshifts of the templates are recovered accurately, showing that the process works well. In the HFLS3 panel, e.g., HFLS3 itself can be seen at z=6.3 with D + =z z1 0spec( ) . The outlier at z∼2 is discussed in Section 4.2.2. On the basis of these statistics, we discontinue using the Arp 220, G15.141, HFLS3, and Pearson et al. template SEDs in future https://scispace.com/papers/the-space-package-tight-integration-between-space-and-1diw2hlji5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-supported-shapes-that-can-be-used-both-1volqc9m.png Figure 1 Examples of supported shapes that can be used both as data and queries in Space package version 0.1.2. Shapes are associated to a URI by the uri_shape/2 predicate and verified with the shape/1 predicate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-architecture-of-the-space-package-1emkjzej.png Figure 10 The architecture of the Space package https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-load-rdf-describing-geonames-feature-2756888-from-gxsfedqk.png Figure 9 Load RDF describing GeoNames feature #2756888 from the web and automatically add all URI-Shape pairs that can be inferred from the RDF into an index https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-set-up-a-simple-kml-server-that-fetches-rdf-from-a-3m8wgvl7.png Figure 14 Set up a simple KML server that fetches RDF from a URL that is passed as a HTTP parameter and render KML of all the URI-Shape pairs described by the RDF https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-dynamically-load-rdf-over-the-web-and-t4f8xdgy.png Figure 13 Dynamically load RDF over the web and automatically index additional retrieved locations. This example loads RDF about the train station Amsterdam Zuid from the GeoNames search engine. We take the location of the station from the RDF and use it to find RDF about nearby features from the LinkedGeoData OpenStreetMap data set. In this data we search for nearby car parks ordered by distance from the station https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bulkloading-is-accomplished-with-the-space-bulkload-1aeo6701.png Figure 3 Bulkloading is accomplished with the space_bulkload/2 predicate, which creates a new index of all URI-Shape pairs it can find with the supplied predicate. In this example we use the uri_shape/2 predicate from the space module to find candidates for indexing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-space-assert-3-and-space-retract-3-predicates-3lv0zcno.png Figure 2 The space_assert/3 and space_retract/3 predicates put modifications to the index in a queue that is processed by space_index/1 before the execution of a query on the index (lazy evaluation). ex:myoffice is a QName using an example namespace https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-example-code-showing-nested-spatial-queries-nqbiwdsi.png Figure 8 Example code showing nested spatial queries https://scispace.com/papers/the-spatial-extent-of-the-deep-western-boundary-current-into-3rtqkp5clu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-flowchart-showing-the-workflow-of-inverting-the-398xuec8.png Fig. 3 Flowchart showing the workflow of inverting the seismic data into the different Milankovitch cycles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-fourier-transformed-signal-of-the-first-derivative-of-301mdo9r.png Fig. 6 Fourier transformed signal of the first derivative of the density smoothed with a box filter with 5-point box-car filter. The grey marked areas around the marked frequencies indicate the uncertainties of each frequency. Note the pronounced peak around 24 9 10-3 kyr-1 (corresponding to 41 kyr periodicity) and 10 9 10-3 kyr-1. These peaks show that the cyclicity is also present in the directly measured physical properties https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spectral-analysis-of-parasound-data-from-site-i-5afl2g0s.png Fig. 4 Spectral analysis of Parasound data from Site I (lowermost) to Site VI (uppermost). The grey areas indicate the uncertainty ranges for the obliquity cycle (41 kyr cycle) and the eccentricity cycle (125–95 kyr cycle) of the frequency bands https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-data-example-of-parasound-signal-from-site-i-showing-2n3ngrul.png Fig. 5 a Data example of Parasound signal from Site I showing age (black) versus depth (red) graph The violet areas mark the time span with error range where we expect reflections to occur. The location of this trace is almost equal to ODP Site 1122, see Fig. 1b and 3; b Density measurement (black) and first derivative of measured density (red) of ODP Site 1122 in the upper 40 meters (green line, scale on top) plotted versus age. Violet areas again mark the expected range of a periodic signal https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-data-example-as-depth-versus-age-graph-of-parasound-fyjiiazj.png Fig. 2 Data example as depth versus age graph of Parasound Profile at Site I, the location of ODP Site 1122, with the corresponding age derived from the core samples in blue [taken from Shipboard Scientific Party (2000)] https://scispace.com/papers/the-spatial-properties-of-forager-motion-categories-evidence-18e2a6lg32 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-landscape-motion-verbs-in-jahai-md8nxh1g.png Table 1 Landscape motion verbs in Jahai https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-jahai-motion-verbs-included-in-the-analysis-wx3pv6fw.png Table 2 Jahai motion verbs included in the analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-box-plots-for-gradient-for-each-verb-et8mv9li.png Figure 2 Box plots for gradient for each verb https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-breakdown-of-proportion-of-verb-use-and-number-of-2f6joih8.png Table 3 Breakdown of proportion of verb use and number of unique points (n) sampled per walk. Walks chosen for detailed further analysis (Walk 1, Walk 6, Walk 10 and Walk 14) highlighted https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-statistical-comparison-of-gradient-distributions-j3s8j70j.png Table 4 Statistical comparison of gradient distributions associated with verbs in Walks 1, 6, 10 and 14 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-post-hoc-test-of-differences-in-3dkyupef.png Table 5 Results of post-hoc test of differences in distribution in gradient for verb usage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-maps-showing-walks-1-6-10-and-14-36oygjyb.png Figure 3 Maps showing Walks 1, 6, 10 and 14 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-map-indicating-the-16-analysed-walks-the-inset-1kafbo7n.png Figure 1 A map indicating the 16 analysed walks. The inset bar graph shows the relative frequency of usage of each verb. Underlying topography from 30m Digital Elevation Model derived from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission https://scispace.com/papers/the-spatial-variability-of-the-wind-in-a-sprinkler-irrigated-o58ucc1eem 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-contour-map-of-the-average-ratio-of-the-local-3vkiwvvi.png Fig. 7. Contour map of the average ratio of the local windspeed (estimated) to the 699 windspeed at the SIAR reference site (measured) calculated for the irrigation seasons 700 between 2004 and 2007 under Cierzo wind conditions. Values at the SIAR reference 701 site < 2 m s-1 are excluded. 702 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-spatial-variability-of-the-windspeed-within-the-2xct5w1h.png Table 3. Spatial variability of the windspeed within the Montesnegros Irrigation District 657 (MID) calculated from the Fig. 7 and expressed as the percentage of the area 658 corresponding to each range of ratios. 659 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-the-windspeed-frequencies-according-3qazge5c.png Table 2. Distribution of the windspeed frequencies (%) according to the wind direction 651 (Bochorno, Cierzo winds and Others) and calculated from the wind series monitored at 652 the SIAR reference meteorological station between 2004 and 2007 (data registered 653 every 30 min). Values are shown for the whole year (Year) and for the irrigation season 654 (IS). 655 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-relationship-between-the-irrigation-network-333mjlom.png Fig. 8. Relationship between the irrigation network construction cost and the suitable 703 time for irrigation (STI) according to three irrigation management strategies, two 704 triangular sprinkler spacings (T18x18 and T18x15) and two sprinkler models (RC 130 705 and VYR 70). Symbols correspond to the values calculated at the SIAR site. Bars 706 illustrate the influence of the spatial variability of the windspeed: the upper limit 707 corresponds to the most exposed site and the lower limit to the least exposed site 708 (according to the Eq. 2 and to the values in the Table 4). 709 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-of-the-frequencies-of-the-wind-direction-1d25p2i8.png Fig. 3. Distribution of the frequencies (%) of the wind direction at the SIAR reference 677 site between 2004 and 2007 (records every 30 min). In the upper row, all data are 678 included; in the bottom row only data for windspeeds > 2 m s-1 are plotted; in the left 679 column data for the whole year are plotted; in the right column data for the irrigation 680 season (April to October) are plotted. The Bochorno wind directions are ENE, E, ESE 681 and SE. The Cierzo wind directions are WSW, W, WNW and NW. 682 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-windspeed-at-2-m-above-the-ground-level-from-1v05bqml.png Fig. 2. Average windspeed at 2 m above the ground level from the 1992 – 2003 series 672 at the Bujaraloz INM weather station. Results calculated in terms of the average day 673 from records every 30 min. Wind directions are not noted. The time is expressed as 674 Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). 675 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-between-the-measurements-of-the-windspeed-sxnn9ayj.png Fig. 4. Comparison between the measurements of the windspeed made with 3-cup-684 rotor and propeller-type anemometers. The measurements were recorded 685 simultaneously every 30 minutes at the same site (the SIAR reference station) from 686 February 16 to March 4, 2005. Dashed line illustrates the 1:1 ratio. 687 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-location-utm-coordinates-and-monitoring-periods-for-129jpukf.png Table 1. Location (UTM coordinates) and monitoring periods for each selected site for 648 wind measurement in the Montesnegros Irrigation District in Northeast of Spain. 649 https://scispace.com/papers/the-spatial-structure-of-young-stellar-clusters-iii-physical-1zyh6vvksn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-39l7eua8.png Table 1 Intrinsic Subcluster Properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-pairs-plot-becker-et-al-1988-showing-two-variable-wy50r2kv.png Figure 1. A “pairs plot” (Becker et al. 1988) showing two-variable scatterplots in the lower triangle, univariate histograms on the diagonal, and the Kendall’s τ pvalues in the upper triangle for each pair of variables from Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-scatterplot-of-number-of-stars-n4-vs-subcluster-age-1o8mfljd.png Figure 8. Scatterplot of number of stars (n4) vs. subcluster age. The gray dashed lines show tracks of constant population for subclusters containing 100%, 10%, and 1% of number of stars in the ONC (∼3000 stars). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-left-cumulative-distributions-of-s0-for-subclusters-3g270eo3.png Figure 7. Left: cumulative distributions of S0 for subclusters with <200 stars (black) and >200 stars (gray). The p-value for the two-sample Anderson–Darling test with the null hypothesis that the distributions are the same is =p 0.67. Right: cumulative distribution of r0 for subclusters with <200 stars (black) and >200 stars (gray). The p-value for the two-sample Anderson–Darling test is =p 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-fits-to-structure-vs-age-relation-368xjl41.png Table 5 Fits to Structure vs. Age Relation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pca-of-subcluster-properties-jycko080.png Table 2 PCA of Subcluster Properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scatterplot-of-number-of-stars-n4-vs-radius-r4-3innqeti.png Figure 5. Scatterplot of number of stars, n4, vs. radius, r4. Black lines indicate linear regression fits (line styles have the same meaning as in Figure 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-scatterplot-of-central-volume-density-vs-the-number-16cgb1c5.png Figure 6. Scatterplot of central volume density vs. the number of stars in a subcluster. The dashed lines indicate the median r0 for subclusters with <200 stars and subclusters with >200 stars. https://scispace.com/papers/the-spatial-temporal-and-volumetric-analysis-of-a-large-mud-16fl4p7g1k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-a-modified-seismic-profile-of-a-depletion-zone-3jj7hz02.png Figure 11 A: A modified seismic profile of a depletion zone (DZ) from Stewart and Davies (2006), which displays a fault related fold (FRF) and significant thinning (TH) of the source unit that underlies a mud volcano (MV). B: A prestack depth migrated seismic profile through a depletion zone underlying a mud volcano within this study area. This example is comparable to the example in Fig. 11A in that the source unit thins in the region that underlies the mud volcano. MSUT – Mud source unit top; MSUB – Mud source unit base; T – Thrust; N – Horizon N; PS2B – Sub-Unit PS2 base. (2 column fitting image) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-map-showing-the-outlined-margins-all-base-salt-2hkoqvdt.png Figure 12. Map showing the outlined margins all base-salt depressions (BSD) (Yellow) and top-salt depressions (TSD) (Blue) within this study area. There is a strong spatial relationship between overlapping TSD and BSD (Green) and overlying mud volcanoes. 327 mud volcanoes overly a combined TSD and BSD; 38 mud volcanoes overly a TSD but not BSD; 11 mud volcanoes overly a BSD but without a TSD; 10 mud volcanoes do not overlie either a TSD or BSD. SR2 – Sub region 2. (2 column fitting image) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pre-stack-time-migrated-seismic-profile-displaying-eih80oi0.png Figure 4. Pre-stack time migrated seismic profile displaying numerous mud volcanoes throughout the post-salt succession within this study area. The mud volcanoes exhibit lensoid and conical geometry and are annotated based on their ID number. Mud volcanoes buried more deeply within the post-salt succession such as mud volcanoes number 118 and 123 exhibit a deformed geometry. The seismic profile also shows the Menes Caldera which is characterised by a seafloor depression, beneath which numerous mud volcanoes are located. M – Horizon M; N – Horizon N. The line of section is displayed in Fig. 2. (2 column fitting image) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-pre-stack-time-migrated-seismic-profile-through-3511w9e5.png Figure 5 A: Pre-stack time migrated seismic profile through mud volcano 197. The mud volcano is thickest at its centre and thins towards its flanks and displays an overall conical geometry. The hemipelagic deposits and reflection of Horizon M (M) that underlie the mud volcano display a concave upward geometry that is concordant with the basal surface of the mud volcano. The height (H) of the mud volcano is measured as the distance from the basal surface of the mud volcano to its upper surface, through its centrally thickest region. The diameter (D) is measured as the distance through the centre of the mud volcano from one lateral margin, where the upper and basal surfaces converge, to the other. A mud flow (MF) adjacent to the mud cone (MV) at the upper surface can also be seen. The line of section can be seen in Fig. 2. B: An amplitude dip map of the seafloor displaying the mud cone of MV 197 and the mud flow also visible in the seismic profile in Fig. 5A. C: Horizontal variance slice through MV 197 that clearly displays a circular to sub-circular areas of discontinuity with abrupt margins (yellow dashed line). MVM – Mud volcano margins. (2 column fitting image) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-a-schematic-of-a-mud-volcano-at-the-seafloor-with-3lmacz6i.png Figure 6 A: A schematic of a mud volcano at the seafloor with an underlying base-salt depression (BSD). B: A similar schematic to the one in Fig. 6A, but with an interpolated surface (IS) that forms the best fit to the relief of the region immediately surrounding the base salt depression. The volume between Sub-Unit PS2’s base (PS2B) and Horizon N (N), and the volume between PS2B and IS, can be calculated C: A schematic displaying the volume balance between a depletion zone and mud volcano. The calculated volume between PS2B and BSD can be subtracted from the volume calculated between PS2B and IS, to give the volume within the depression referred to as the depletion volume (Vd). The volume of mud within the extruded mud volcano is referred to as the extruded volume (Ve). The depletion volume was remobilised and extruded at the seafloor as a mud volcano, therefore the depletion volume is approximately equal to the extruded volume (Vd≈Ve). The arrows represent the migrating mud slurry. M – Horizon M; MV – Mud volcano; C – Conduit. (2 column fitting image) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-plot-of-mud-volcano-height-vs-diameter-1f938fb1.png Figure 7 A plot of mud volcano height vs diameter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-contoured-base-salt-horizon-n-time-map-also-2t1yay92.png Figure 10. A: Contoured base-salt (Horizon N) time map also showing the mud volcanoes that overly a base-salt depression (BSD) (338 mud volcanoes) and those that do not (48 mud volcanoes. The location of sub region 1 (SR3) and sub region 2 (SR4) and lines of section for Fig. 9A (a-a’) and Fig. 9C (b-b’) are displayed. B: Contoured top-salt (Horizon M) time map and mud volcanoes that overly a base-salt depression (TSD) (365 mud volcanoes) and those that do not (21 mud volcanoes). (2 column fitting image) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-location-map-of-the-study-area-in-the-western-1kjqnbwo.png Figure 1. A: Location map of the study area in the western province, Eastern Mediterranean, showing the setting of the three-dimensional (3D) seismic survey used in this study (white box) and the line of section for Fig. 1B and Fig. 1C (red line x-x’). The dashed black line within the regional Eastern Mediterranean map displays the approximate margins of the Nile Deep Sea Fan (NDSF). B: Pre-stack depth migrated seismic profile through the study area showing the main stratigraphic units. C: Pre-stack depth migrated velocity profile displaying p-wave velocity throughout the successions within this study area. SF – Seafloor; M – Horizon M; N – Horizon N; PS2B – Pre-salt 2 base; PoS – Post-salt; ME – Messinian Evaporites; PS1 – Pre-salt 1; PS2 - Pre-salt 2. (2 column fitting image) https://scispace.com/papers/the-spatially-resolved-cii-cooling-line-deficit-in-galaxies-37q0ktd4yr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-de-projected-radial-distribution-of-c-ii-tir-in-the-4pkmabrb.png Figure 4. De-projected radial distribution of [C II]/TIR in the inner 1.5 kpc of three AGN systems with strong central [C II] suppression. In each galaxy, [C II]/TIR has been normalized to its value in a 400 pc wide annulus centered at 1.5 kpc distance. Individual regions are color-coded by 24 μm surface brightness. The expected modest inward decline of [C II]/TIR (normalized), given the increase in 24 μm surface brightness toward the centers of each galaxy is shown by the dotted lines, computed in 150 pc bins using the median n nI 24( )–[C II]/TIR trend line of Figure 2. Points within 750 pc of the centers of these and other AGN hosts were omitted from Figures 2and 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-central-suppression-factor-of-c-ii-cooling-power-xh42yrdl.png Figure 5. Central suppression factor of [C II] cooling power, defined as the ratio of the inner [C II]/TIR value (averaged within 400 pc of the center) to the outer value (averaged over an annulus at 1–2 kpc). A suppression factor of 1 indicates no change in [C II]/TIR from outer regions to the center. The marginal histogram on the left shows the distribution of suppression factors in AGN (red) and non-AGN (blue) hosts, and on the right, as a function of central 0.3–8 keV X-ray luminosity. The [C II] central suppression factors in non-AGN host centers are also shown as color-coded bars near the vertical axis. All galaxies are color-coded by central average n mnI 3.6 m( ) (a surrogate for evolved starlight intensity). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-c-ii-deficit-in-approximately-15000-resolved-4198z4ku.png Figure 2. [C II] deficit in approximately 15,000 resolved regions within KINGFISH galaxies vs. the 24 μm surface brightness νIν(24 μm). The central 750 pc of AGN host galaxies are excluded. Binning in νIν(24) and L[C II]/LTIR is adopted when nine or more regions lie in a single logarithmic bin. A declining trend with surface brightness is evident, and is independent of the physical scale of the extraction. Colors indicate the binned mean or individually estimated oxygen abundance, 12+log (O/H), from the scale-bar at right. The solid lines indicate the trend lines of median fractional luminosity L[C II]/LTIR at each position in binned surface brightness n mnI 24 m( ). Plotted are the overall median (black), as well as the median of those regions in the top and bottom 10% of the 12+log(O/H) range (color-indexed to the same abundance scale; <10 percentile: dark violet, >90 percentile: red). Abundance dispersion within the bins contributes to the offset between these decile trend lines and the locus of bins with matching abundance. In the inset (top right), the linearly scaled density of regions per bin (418 regions maximum) is shown over the same plotting range, together with the median and the inner two quartile lines computed at each bin of surface brightness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-the-c-ii-line-maps-produced-from-2nxwwyp7.png Figure 1. Example of the [C II] line maps produced from Herschel/PACS spectral mapping in KINGFISH. Above and left, the [C II] contours and intensity-matched color scale are overlaid on a Spitzer/MIPS 24 μm image of KINGFISH galaxy NGC 4736. Coverage is along radial strips, supplemented by selected extranuclear targets (in this example extending the strip along the star-forming ring to the north). Below it, the I[C II]/n mnI 24 m( ) ratio map (colors, with I[C II] contours) demonstrates the widely varying fractional [C II] intensity. Black circles indicate locations of five example [C II] extraction regions, each 11″ in diameter. The corresponding [C II] spectra from regions left to right are arranged from top to bottom, covering a faint outer disk region, inner arm regions, the bright star-forming ring, and the nucleus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-trend-in-c-ii-deficit-with-star-formation-rate-upa36v4r.png Figure 3. Trend in [C II] deficit with star formation rate density for KINGFISH regions, binned using the methodology of Figure 2. Also included are well-resolved nearby luminous infrared galaxies from the GOALS survey (filled circles), and selected high-redshift sources from z=1.8–6.4 with resolved [C II] emission (gray points). The KINGFISH and GOALS sources are color-coded by their binned median or individual dust color temperatures n nI 70( )/n nI 160( ), indicated on the color scale at right. The median and upper and lower quartile trend lines are shown for the KINGFISH sample (solid and dashed lines, respectively). These give a better impression of the true scatter of resolved regions about the trend, as the binning method accentuates low-density outlier regions. A fit to the binned median, GOALS, and high-redshift points is shown as the continuous (dot-dashed) line, with the underlying fit uncertainty shaded gray. High-redshift sources from Gallerani et al. (2012)—BRI 0952-0115, z=4.4, unlabeled upward triangles; Walter et al. (2012)—HDF850.1, z=5.2; Riechers et al. (2013)—HFLS3, z=6.34; Bussmann et al. (2013) and Ferkinhoff et al. (2014)—SDP11, z=1.8; Rawle et al. (2014)—HLSJ0918(Ra), z=5.234; De Breuck et al. (2014)—ALESS73.1, z=4.8; and Capak et al. (2015)—HZ10, z=5.66. https://scispace.com/papers/the-speciation-of-homochiral-and-heterochiral-diastereomers-8i45mx7den 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-details-for-the-single-crystal-qg6r4o4p.png Table 1. Experimental details for the single crystal structure determinations in this work. All data were collected using Cu-Kü radiation (゜ = 1.5418 Å), unless otherwise stated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-complex-dications-in-the-crystal-structures-of-r-2-1iksifhc.png Figure 3. Complex dications in the crystal structures of (R)-2 (molecule A; left), (RS)-2 (centre) and (RS)-4 (right). Details as for Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-complex-dications-in-the-crystal-structures-of-r-1-3sr1j9fm.png Figure 2. Complex dications in the crystal structures of (R)-1 (left), (RS)-1 (molecule A; centre) and (R)-3 (right). Only one orientation of the disordered phenyl substituents in (R)-1 is shown. Displacement ellipsoids are at the 50 % probability level, and hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity. Colour code: C, grey; Co, pink; N, blue; O, red; Zn, cyan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1h-nmr-spectra-cd3cn-of-r-1-red-top-and-rs-1-blue-28vhdewn.png Figure 4. 1H NMR spectra (CD3CN) of (R)-1 (red, top) and (RS)-1 (blue, bottom). There is no evidence for the homochiral isomer in the spectrum of (RS)-1, which would indicate racemisation of the complex in solution. 1H NMR spectra of (R)-3 and (RS)-3 are shown in the Supporting Information. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1h-nmr-spectra-cd3cn-of-r-2-red-top-and-rs-2-blue-1fdghhgt.png Figure 5. 1H NMR spectra (CD3CN) of (R)-2 (red, top) and (RS)-2 (blue, bottom), which also contains a small population of the homochiral isomer. 1H NMR spectra of (R)-4 and (RS)-4 are shown in the Supporting Information. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-solid-state-magnetic-susceptibility-data-for-r-3-24ocwm00.png Figure 1. Solid state magnetic susceptibility data for (R)-3 (black squares), (RS)-3 (red triangles), (R)-4 (blue triangles) and (RS)-4 (green circles). Inset: solution phase magnetic data for (R)-3 and (RS)-3 in CD3CN. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-coordination-geometry-distortion-parameters-for-the-2qiq4wj1.png Table 2. Coordination geometry distortion parameters for the compounds in this work. Selected literature data are also included for comparison. The iron and cobalt complexes are high-spin unless otherwise noted. https://scispace.com/papers/the-spectacle-of-development-the-semiotics-of-exabwqhn93 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-save-the-children-top-photo-7kyi5qls.png Figure 7: Save the Children top photo https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-war-child-canada-top-photo-1rml8rqh.png Figure 8: War Child Canada top photo https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-doctors-without-borders-top-photo-the-top-photo-of-2tgm1czt.png Figure 4: Doctors Without Borders top photo The top photo of Doctors Without Borders maintains a stark contrast compared to the other images analyzed. There are no discernable people or faces, the setting appears to be a camp or makeshift medical tent, and there are no visible beneficiaries or doctors. The landscape in the background is relatively nondescript, with the specific location unclear and unspecified. Given that Doctors Without Borders is a well-known and trusted organization, they may be less https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-oxfam-top-photo-q82ai2cf.png Figure 5: Oxfam top photo https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-we-charity-top-photo-we-charity-formerly-known-as-3gxgkqcq.png Figure 9: WE Charity top photo WE Charity, formerly known as Free the Children, displays a young black woman holding a goat. She is wearing a pink t-shirt with small white detail and an orange scarf covering the top of her head. She is exuberant. The text overlays the wall beside her “WE makes doing good, doable”. She stands against a light blue wooden wall. Off to the right side there is a window enclosed with wire, possibly signifying a barn window for animals, especially given the goat she is holding. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dominant-ideologies-and-development-theory-material-3axfud3i.png Table 1- Dominant Ideologies and Development Theory, material adapted from Pieterse (2008) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-care-top-photo-4gtoo3ky.png Figure 3: CARE top photo https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-world-vision-top-photo-21vw4now.png Figure 10: World Vision top photo https://scispace.com/papers/the-specificity-of-general-human-capital-evidence-from-to5rdwqd9l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-returns-to-working-in-a-related-job-7uek0aru.png Table 6: Returns to Working in a Related Job https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-labor-market-statistics-2v8xhxqq.png Table 2: Labor Market Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-model-validation-perfect-information-summary-1v8c6tte.png Table 7: Model Validation - Perfect Information - Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-model-validation-perfect-information-wage-1szmwthq.png Table 8: Model Validation - Perfect Information - Wage Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-model-validation-imperfect-information-wage-1isojnlu.png Table 10: Model Validation - Imperfect Information - Wage Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-model-validation-imperfect-information-summary-18z9p2tt.png Table 9: Model Validation - Imperfect Information - Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-schooling-statistics-1lf3vzba.png Table 1: Schooling Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-returns-to-college-major-perfect-information-3aw30x1t.png Table 11: Returns to College Major - Perfect Information https://scispace.com/papers/the-spectrum-of-response-to-erenumab-in-patients-with-4gxgwn36gr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-proportion-of-patients-with-a-75-reduction-from-20by7dw6.png Figure 4. Proportion of patients with a 75% reduction from baseline in MMD. N: Placebo, 281; Erenumab 70 mg, 188; Erenumab 140 mg, 187. The adjusted odds ratios and p-values were obtained from a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) test after the missing data are imputed as non-response, stratified by stratification factors region and medication overuse. The same analysis is repeated for each visit. p-values for pairwise comparisons are nominal p-values obtained from the CMH test using data including placebo and the corresponding erenumab dose group only. CI: confidence interval; MMD: monthly migraine days; N: total number of patients. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-response-subgroups-3f696jqk.png Table 1. Baseline characteristics of response subgroups. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-change-in-mmd-from-baseline-to-month-3-overall-1yuly75t.png Figure 5. Mean change in MMD from baseline to month 3. Overall population represents all erenumab-treated population at respective doses. MMD: monthly migraine days; n: number of patients. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-change-in-msmd-from-baseline-to-month-3-j9qfq3m5.png Figure 6. Mean change in MSMD from baseline to month 3. Overall population represents all erenumab-treated population at respective doses. MSMD: migraine-specific medication treatment days; n: number of patients. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mean-change-in-hit-6-from-baseline-to-month-3-cogwma2u.png Figure 7. Mean change in HIT-6 from baseline to month 3. Overall population represents all erenumab-treated population at respective doses. HIT-6: Headache Impact Test, n: number of patients. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-waterfall-plot-of-change-in-mmd-from-baseline-aupcomn4.png Figure 1. Waterfall plot of change in MMD from baseline versus baseline MMD (efficacy analysis set), (a) placebo (b) erenumab 70 mg (c) erenumab 140 mg. Bars above baseline indicate worsening and bars below baseline indicate reduction in MMD [improvement]). MMD: monthly migraine days. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-mean-change-in-midas-total-score-overall-population-3dutp2fa.png Figure 8. Mean change in MIDAS total score. Overall population represents all erenumab-treated population at respective doses. MIDAS: Migraine Disability Assessment; n: number of patients. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-proportion-of-patients-with-a-50-reduction-from-1mz04ei1.png Figure 3. Proportion of patients with a 50% reduction from baseline in MMD. N: Placebo, 281; Erenumab 70 mg, 188; Erenumab 140 mg, 187. The adjusted odds ratios and p-values were obtained from a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) test after the missing data are imputed as non-response, stratified by stratification factors region and medication overuse. The same analysis is repeated for each visit. p-values for pairwise comparisons are nominal p-values obtained from the CMH test using data including placebo and the corresponding erenumab dose group only. CI: confidence interval; MMD: monthly migraine days; N: total number of patients. https://scispace.com/papers/the-spectroscopically-determined-substellar-mass-function-of-24iq8gbl1x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-spectral-types-for-the-outera-onc-2384liba.png TABLE 2 Spectral Types for the Outera ONC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-color-diagram-of-onc-stars-for-which-we-have-new-1zx0wua9.png Fig. 9.—Color-color diagram of ONC stars for which we have new nearinfrared spectral types later than K7. Data are taken from M02. The solid line represents the intrinsic colors of main-sequence dwarf stars as given by Bessell & Brett (1988), transformed to the CIT photometric system. The slope of the interstellar reddening vector (dotted line) is that of Cohen et al. (1981). Dashed lines indicate the upper and lower boundaries of the CTTS locus (Meyer et al. 1997), shifted to apply to K7–L3 dwarfs. Note that we have not accounted for the intrinsic width of the locus as it is defined or for any possible change in slope of the locus with later spectral types. If attributed to reddening, the width of the region corresponds to AV 2, or less than one spectral subtype (see Fig. 8). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-k-h-k-cmd-for-the-onc-isochrones-are-from-dm97-and-21bvz4ql.png Fig. 1.—K, (H K ) CMD for the ONC. Isochrones are from DM97 and have been transformed into the K, (H K ) plane assuming the age (P1 Myr) and distance (480 pc) of the ONC. Dashed lines are reddening vectors emanating at the indicated masses from the 1 Myr isochrone. Open circles represent HC00 photometry of the inner 5A1 ; 5A1 of the nebula. Sources for which we have J-band or K-band spectra taken with NIRSPEC are marked as filled circles and triangles, respectively. Stars were selected for spectroscopy on the basis of their location on the CMD below 0.08 M . Often it was possible to place multiple stars on the slit because of the high stellar density of the cluster, allowing us to observe several brighter (more massive) stars. Stars indicate sources for which we have new red optical LRIS spectral classifications. Filled squares represent sources (mostly in the outer nebula) for which we have J- and K-band spectra taken with the CRSP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-j-band-nirspec-data-of-four-spectral-class-m7-m8-stars-2y4ovatg.png Fig. 4.—J-band NIRSPEC data of four spectral class M7–M8 stars: an optically classified main-sequence dwarf star (LHS 3003), a newly classified lower surface gravity star in Praesepe (RIZ Pr 11), an optically classified star in Upper Sco (USCO 128), and a newly classified Orion star (HC 210). Strongly surface gravity–sensitive atomic features K i and Al i are labeled. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-j-band-nirspec-spectra-of-standard-stars-at-two-e7jj5v2i.png Fig. 3.—J-band NIRSPEC spectra of standard stars at two temperatures. The more prominent atomic (pairs of K i doublets and an Al i doublet) and temperature-sensitive molecular features (FeH and H2O) are labeled. Flux bands centered on molecular and continuum features used in classification are shown as shaded regions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-spectral-type-shift-produced-from-index-measurements-2nyz3l3r.png Fig. 8.—Spectral type shift produced from index measurements as a function of AV . Extinction causes us to systematically classify a star as later than it is by using the FeH and H2O-2 indices and earlier than it is by using the H2O-1 index. Error bars correspond to errors in the fit, which increase with increasing AV . We find an average value of AV 6 for our objects, which would result in a spectral type shift of approximately two subtypes for all indices if we did not attempt to take extinction into account during the classification process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-continued-19jevqd1.png TABLE 4—Continued https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-m9-main-sequence-standard-star-lhs-2065-that-was-2tjf1cpb.png Fig. 7.—M9 main-sequence standard star (LHS 2065) that was observed during both NIRSPEC observing runs (K and J band). In each panel, the top spectrum shows the original data. Subsequent spectra have been artificially reddened by 5, 10, and 15 mag of visual extinction. The flux bands corresponding to classification indices described in the text are shown as shaded regions, and the K-band H2 absorption region is marked. We expect a systematic shift in all the indices with increased reddening. https://scispace.com/papers/the-srt-method-randomized-strategies-for-exploration-546t5lp89e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-experiment-1-the-exploration-process-with-srt-star-2jiyvrsq.png Fig. 8. Experiment 1: The exploration process with SRT-Star. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-1hw1xefb.png TABLE III https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-second-experiment-the-final-appearance-of-the-tree-and-2hi2gx18.png Fig. 9. Second experiment: the final appearance of the tree and the associated Safe Region obtained with SRT-Ball (above) and SRTStar (below). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-generation-of-candidate-configurations-in-the-srt-3isn8xoj.png Fig. 1. The generation of candidate configurations in the SRT method. In the case shown, qcand would be validated, while q ′ cand and q′′cand would not: the first falls within a minimum distance dmin from qcurr, the second in the Local Safe Region of another node. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-local-safe-region-s-according-to-the-srt-ball-3e5kod0k.png Fig. 2. The Local Safe Region S according to the SRT-Ball perception strategy. The robot is the circular body located at the center of the scene. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulation-2-the-exploration-process-with-srt-ball-23404n9e.png Fig. 4. Simulation 2: The exploration process with SRT-Ball. Only the initial and final frames are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-local-safe-region-s-according-to-the-srt-star-2kpymz0q.png Fig. 5. The Local Safe Region S according to the SRT-Star perception strategy. Note how the extension of S in some cones is reduced due to the sensor limited measurable range. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulation-1-the-exploration-process-with-srt-ball-2oqgrdy5.png Fig. 3. Simulation 1: The exploration process with SRT-Ball (frames are ordered from left to right and from top to bottom). https://scispace.com/papers/the-spitzer-c2d-survey-of-nearby-dense-cores-jet-and-9oflr3mxwq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-color-diagram-of-4-5-mm-8-0-mm-and-5-6-mm-8-0-343oa99i.png Figure 3. Two-color diagram of [4.5 μm]/[8.0 μm] and [5.6 μm]/[8.0 μm] expected from pure H2 emission with an assumption of Av = 5 mag. Blue lines: single-component models for n(H2) = 104 (dot-dot-dot-dashed), 105 (dot-dashed), 106 (dashed), 107 cm−3(dotted), and LTE (solid). Open squares represent the results of a range of temperatures up to 2000 K (top right of each curve) in steps of 100 K. Red lines: models with a power-law temperature distribution, with dN = aT −bdT and b in the range from 2 (top right of each curve) to 6. The line type for each model is the same as in the single-component models. Each symbol represents the color measured at each position marked in Figure 1(a). The error bars include the flux measurement error and the flux calibration error (∼10%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-best-fit-model-sed-green-solid-line-to-the-observed-2stdw3mw.png Figure 2. Best-fit model SED (green solid line) to the observed fluxes (red diamonds) of IRS3, with the internal input SED shown (blue dashed line). Blue diamonds represent model fluxes in the apertures used for photometry. Crosses indicates the SED emerging only from the envelope. This SED modeling gives an internal luminosity for IRS3, produced mostly by accretion, of ∼0.9 L . https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-yso-candidates-in-l1251-a-2hhjw83e.png Table 1 Properties of YSO Candidates in L1251-A https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-three-color-composite-spitzer-image-of-l1251-a-3i7517e9.png Figure 1. (a) Three-color composite Spitzer image of L1251-A. The IRAC 3.6, 4.5, and 8.0 μm data are presented, respectively, as blue, green, and red. Green lines are placed along the jet and bipolar nebula features. Black circles show the regions where the colors plotted in Figure 3 were derived, and white circles to the east and west of each black circle indicate where the background was measured. (b) Upper panel: 1.2 mm MAMBO intensity map (contours) on top of MIPS 70 μm image. IRS3 and IRS4 are located at the peaks of MAMBO emission. Another emission peak exists between IRS1 and IRS2, which might be a prestellar core. Lower panel: CO molecular outflow map (contors) on top of the IRAC 4.5 μm image. The dotted line encloses the total area mapped, and the green filled circle at the right bottom denotes the beam at 230 GHz. The blue contours are integrated from −13.0 to −7.0 km s−1, while the red contours are integrated from −1.0 to 5.0 km s−1. The contours start at 1.2 and 1.6 K km s−1 for blue and red components, respectively, and increase by 0.4 K km s−1. The lobes of the main outflow are well correlated with the infrared jet along the NS direction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-outflow-and-mass-accretion-properties-ed0qv5ss.png Table 2 Outflow and Mass Accretion Properties https://scispace.com/papers/the-spring-mesozooplankton-variability-and-its-relationship-16w4lj40uh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-interannual-variation-of-the-mesozooplankton-25v0pp1c.png Figure 4: Interannual variation of the mesozooplankton abundance between 2003 and 2013: A) mean decadal and annual abundances (ind.m -3 ±SD) of the entire mesozooplankton community and, B) stacked bar charts presenting the relative abundance of identified organisms belonging to copepods, gelatinous, other holoplankton and meroplankton groups on both the annual and decadal scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interannual-variation-of-the-mean-relative-biomass-1aliktfo.png Figure 3: Interannual variation of the mean relative biomass of surface size-fractionated chlorophyll a between 2003 and 2013 in the southern Bay of Biscay; in black for the picophytoplankton biomass (<3µm), in light grey for the nanophytoplankton biomass (3- 20µm) and in dark grey (>20µm) for the microphytoplankton biomass. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-copepods-taxonomic-level-order-other-2dwbiuzu.png Table 2: continued Copepods Taxonomic level Order(%) Other taxonomic groups Taxonomic level Group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-the-bay-of-biscay-showing-the-location-of-3a6s2vuu.png Figure 1: Map of the Bay of Biscay showing the location of the sampling stations of A) subsurface water environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, size-fractionated biomass of chlorophyll a), and B) the mesozooplankton community. Isobaths100 m (dotted line), 200 m (solid line) and 500 m (dashed line) are drawn. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-variables-best-explaining-the-copepod-community-3nk18395.png Table 5: Variables best explaining the copepod community based on the forward selection. Cumulative explained variance, “F” statistic and pvalues are reported. Sums of all eigenvalues (reported) is used as a tool to assess how well specific selection of explanatory variables explains the variance in the copepod community.” https://scispace.com/papers/the-stability-of-a-procedure-for-the-recovery-of-lost-4x1b87hqkw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-eigenvaluesl1-smallest-l5-and-l10-largest-of-a-1al8dm0g.png Fig. 8. Eigenvaluesλ1 (smallest),λ5 and λ10 (largest) of a 10×10matrixS as a function ofm, for r = 0.63. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-band-limited-functionf-t-3oxqy1bc.png Fig. 1. Band-limited functionf (t). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-original-and-interpolated-samples-off-t-contiguous-28se28ij.png Fig. 2. Original and interpolated samples off (t). Contiguous lost samples:f (0) through f (5T). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-largest-eigenvalue-ofs-mn-as-a-function-ofn-for-u-01-n-92gd7qiw.png Fig. 5. Largest eigenvalue ofS∈ Mn as a function ofn, for U = {0,1, . . . ,n−1} and several possible values ofr. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-largest-eigenvalue-ofs-mn-as-a-function-ofn-for-u-048-35070ii8.png Fig. 6. Largest eigenvalue ofS∈ Mn as a function ofn, for U = {0,4,8, . . . ,4n−4}, and several possible values ofr. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-eigenvaluesl1-smallest-l5-and-l10-largest-of-a-2he156i3.png Fig. 7. Eigenvaluesλ1 (smallest),λ5 and λ10 (largest) of a 10×10matrixS as a function ofr, for m= 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-smallest-and-largest-eigenvalues-ofs-when-u-081240-28nb0zww.png TABLE I SMALLEST AND LARGEST EIGENVALUES OFS WHEN U = {0,8,12,40}, AND THEIR UPPER AND LOWER BOUNDS ACCORDING TO THEOREM1. https://scispace.com/papers/the-src-homology-2-protein-shb-promotes-cell-cycle-5eyjpgmyh4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effects-of-5-fu-induced-hematological-injury-on-lt-3dmz4hl2.png Figure 4. Effects of 5-FU induced hematological injury on LT-HSCs proliferation and peripheral blood myelosuppression. (A) Percentage of actively cycling CD150+CD41CD48-Flk2-c-Kit-Lin-Sca-1+ LT-HSCs assessed by BrdU incorporation and Hoechst 33342 uptake 3 and 5 days after treatment commencement. Data are presented as mean ±SEM for 4 mice each. (B) Relative numbers of myeloid cells in peripheral blood, identified by Gr-1 and Mac-1 cell surface expression in 2-color FACS analysis. Data are presented as mean ±SEM from mice at day 0 (n=4 mice each genotype), 3 (n= 5 mice each genotype) and 7 (n=7 mice each genotype), where ***denotes p< 0.001 as determined by Student’s t-test. https://scispace.com/papers/the-stabilization-mechanism-of-acidified-milk-drinks-induced-3ho9zmkrdf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-zeta-potential-of-casein-micelles-as-a-function-of-1joxxr3x.png Figure 2. Zeta potential of casein micelles as a function of pH during acidification with citric acid for 80 g·kg−1 skim milk diluted 100 times in SMUF. The filled squares refer to casein micelles without CMC, the open circles refer to casein micelles and 30 mg·kg−1 CMC, the open diamonds refer to casein micelles and 45 mg·kg−1 CMC, the open triangles to casein micelles and 80 mg·kg−1 CMC, and the crosses to casein micelles and 400 mg·kg−1 CMC. The Mw of CMC is 250 000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diameter-of-casein-micelles-measured-with-dls-as-a-fqqbptcl.png Figure 1. Diameter of casein micelles, measured with DLS, as a function of pH during acidification with citrate acid for 80 g·kg−1 skim milk diluted 100 times in SMUF. The filled squares refer to casein micelles without CMC, the open circles refer to casein micelles and 30 mg·kg−1 CMC, the open diamonds refer to casein micelles and 45 mg·kg−1 CMC, the open triangles to casein micelles and 80 mg·kg−1 CMC, and the crosses to casein micelles and 400 mg·kg−1 CMC. The Mw of CMC is 250 000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-time-evolution-of-the-storage-loss-moduli-and-loss-1phz4cho.png Figure 6. Time evolution of the storage, loss moduli and loss tangent of a CMC-stabilized acidified milk drink after shearing at 100 s−1for 3 min at 0.1 Hz, 4.1×10−3 Pa and 25 ˚C. The system contained 40 g·kg−1 MSNF, 4 g·kg−1 CMC (Mw= 700 000) and 80 g·kg−1 sucrose. https://scispace.com/papers/the-star-formation-rate-of-molecular-clouds-n1g1egz0ju 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sfr-per-free-fall-time-sfrff-versus-tff-tdyn-bottom-qnuq919r.png Fig. 2.— SFR per free-fall time, SFRff , versus tff/tdyn (bottom abscissa) and αvir (top abscissa). The symbols for each series of runs, where only the strength of gravity is changed andMs andMA are kept constant, are connected by a line, to better distinguish each series. The two error bars give the mean of SFRff , plus and minus the rms values, for each group of five 323-root-grid runs with identical parameters (Ms ≈ 10 andMA ≈ 5), but different initial conditions. The dashed line is an approximate exponential fit to the minimum value of SFRff versus tff/tdyn. From Padoan et al. (2012), reproduced by permission of the AAS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-log-of-the-sfr-per-mass-of-dense-gas-versus-the-1bj99r2p.png Fig. 1.— The log of the SFR per mass of dense gas versus the log of the mass of dense gas (left panel) and the log of the SFR per total cloud mass versus the log of the total cloud mass (right panel). The filled circles are based on the c2d and Gould Belt clouds (Evans et al. submitted), while the crosses represent Orion A, Orion B, Taurus, and the Pipe, taken from Lada et al. (2010). While there are some differences in identification and selection of YSOs, they are small. On the left panel, the extinction contour defining the dense gas is AV = 8 mag for clouds taken from Evans et al. and AK = 0.8 mag for those taken from Lada et al. (2010). On the right panel, the extinction contour defining the cloud is usually AV = 2 mag for clouds taken from Evans et al. and AK = 0.1 mag for those taken from Lada et al. (2010). Uncertainties on observables, including cloud distance, have been propagated for the c2d and Gould Belt clouds; the requisite information is not available for the “Lada” clouds. The four points plotted at −4 on the y axis are clouds with no observed star formation. The horizontal lines show the mean values for the c2d and Gould Belt clouds and the error bars represent the likely systematic uncertainties, dominated by those in the SFR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-star-formation-rate-per-unit-area-ssfr-as-a-function-3qhju4qt.png Fig. 5.— Star formation rate per unit area, ΣSFR, as a function of gas surface density, Σgas. Solid lines: results obtained with the complete HC SFR theory (Hennebelle and Chabrier, 2013) for cloud sizes Rc = 20, 5, 2 and 0.5 pc, from left to right, in the case of isothermal (left panel) and non-isothermal (right panel) gas, for ycut = 0.25 and b = 0.5, and assuming a density–size relation, ρ ∝ R−0.7c . Each curve is obtained by varying the normalization of the density–size relation (see Hennebelle and Chabrier (2013) for details). The data correspond to observational determinations by Heiderman et al. (2010) for massive clumps (triangles) and molecular cloud YSOs (diamonds+squares), and by Gutermuth et al. (2011) (bracketed areas). From Hennebelle and Chabrier (2013), reproduced by permission of the AAS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-star-formation-rate-column-density-ssfr-versus-gas-2ouibwkt.png Fig. 4.— Star formation rate column density ΣSFR versus gas column density Σgas for Milky Way clouds compiled in Heiderman et al. (2010) (symbols) and in the GRAVTURB simulations by Federrath and Klessen (2012) (contours). Individual data points are Taurus: filled black box (data from Goldsmith et al., 2008; Pineda et al., 2010; Rebull et al., 2010), Class I YSOs and Flat YSOs: green and red stars and upper-limits shown as downward-pointing triangles, HCN(1–0) Clumps: golden diamonds (data from Gao and Solomon, 2004; Wu et al., 2005, 2010), and C2D+GB Clouds: dark blue boxes (data from Evans et al., 2009). Blue and red contours show data from numerical simulations by Federrath and Klessen (2012) for a star formation efficiency SFE = 1% (blue) and SFE = 10% (red). The thick contours enclose 50% of all (Σgas, ΣSFR) simulation pairs, while the thin contours enclose 99%. All simulation data were scaled to a local core-to-star efficiency of = 0.5 (Matzner and McKee, 2000), providing the best fit to the observational data. From Federrath and Klessen (2012), reproduced by permission of the AAS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-sfrff-theory-with-sfrff-simulation-the-354g3pf4.png Fig. 3.— Comparison of SFRff (theory) with SFRff (simulation). The left panel shows the original KM (boxes), PN (diamonds), and HC (crosses) theories, while the right panel shows the multi-freefall version of each theory defined in Hennebelle and Chabrier (2011). The multi-freefall prescription is superior to all single-freefall models and provides good fits to the numerical simulations (the insets show blow-ups of the MHD simulations; the x-range of the insets is identical to the y-range). The multi-ff KM and multi-ff PN models agree to within a factor of three with any of the numerical simulations over the two orders of magnitude in SFRs tested. The simulation number in Table 2 in Federrath and Klessen (2012) is given in the boxes for each SFRff(simulation). From Federrath and Klessen (2012), reproduced by permission of the AAS. https://scispace.com/papers/the-star-system-a-unified-multiagent-simulation-model-of-3qnqb10xli 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-radar-task-modeled-in-star-1y2pj4hr.png Figure 3. Radar Task Modeled in STAR https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-unified-model-of-organizations-1bv03qd7.png Figure 1. Unified model of organizations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-features-of-component-models-high-medium-and-low-jpof8e17.png Table 2. Features of Component Models. - high, ◗ - medium, and ❍ - low Second, models are written in different languages and are difficult to dock against each other (Axtell, et al., 1996). Docking is a process for comparing the output of models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-an-illustration-of-a-composite-agent-3to4paxv.png Figure 5. An illustration of a composite agent https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-five-relations-of-the-pcans-model-with-additions-2skrb8xa.png Figure 2. Five Relations of the PCANS Model with additions for the STAR model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-radar-task-worker-decisions-subtask-2ks73gyr.png Figure 4. Radar Task Worker Decisions Subtask https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-models-and-authors-for-organizations-1oqklwzi.png Table 1. List of models and authors for organizations https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-structures-included-in-component-models-included-3dfnloaa.png Table 3. Structures included in component models. - included https://scispace.com/papers/the-state-of-organizing-in-california-challenges-and-4r0ey88xyu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-10-presents-summary-statistics-for-these-25exkaec.png Table 2.10 presents summary statistics for these comprehensive organizing tactics, showing how extensively unions use them in NLRB elections. Overall, only 14% of all the union campaigns devote adequate and appropriate resources to the campaign, only 19% engage in person-to-person contact inside and outside the workplace, and only 17% engage in escalating pressure tactics outside the workplace such as rallies, community forums, stockholder actions, and pressure on customers, suppliers, and investors. Fewer than 30% have active representative committees or effectively utilize member volunteer organizers, while fewer than 25% use benchmarks and assessments or focus on issues that resonate in the workplace and broader community. The highest percentages are found for strategic targeting (39%), escalating pressure tactics inside the workplace (37%), and building for the first contract before the election is held (35%). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-7-provides-summary-data-for-the-primary-unions-n6pxrimk.png Table 2.7 provides summary data for the primary unions active in NLRB elections in California. As they are nationwide, the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT) was involved in the greatest number of elections by far, participating in 693, or 39%, of the 1,762 NLRB elections that took place in California between 1997 and 2002 (Figure 2.13). With an average win rate over the six-year period of 50%, the Teamsters were able to gain representation for 14,062 workers during this period, representing 35% of all eligible voters participating in Teamsters elections and 23% of all workers organized under the NLRB in California for the six-year period (Figure 2.14). These figures compare favorably with the national https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-17-also-provides-data-on-organizing-activity-among-h69tzq97.png Figure 2.17 also provides data on organizing activity among recent immigrants and undocumented workers. Nationwide, immigrants have played a major role in many of the largest organizing victories in the last six years, which have occurred in industries such as home care, hotel, laundry, building services, drywall, and asbestos removal. Most of those campaigns were not conducted within the NLRB process (AFL-CIO 2003). Only 8% of all of the elections in our survey were in units with 25% or more recent immigrants, and only 7% of the campaigns had undocumented workers in the unit. Win rates are 58% in units with at least 25% recent immigrants. In units with undocumented workers the win rate drops to 36%, which reflects the ability and willingness of employers to use the threat of deportation to thwart organizing efforts among these workers. The limited success of https://scispace.com/papers/the-state-of-strain-in-single-gan-nanocolumns-as-derived-12qa8p9rma 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bulk-gan-si-111-dotted-spatially-resolvedu-pl-at-4-32j20df0.png Figure 4. Bulk GaN/Si(111) (dotted). Spatially resolvedµ-PL at 4 K of nanocolumns grown on Si(111), ensemble (blue) and single column (black) structures (intensities are normalized). The shoulder at 3.477 eV is assigned to the free A exciton. The dashed region from 3.466 to 3.476 eV indicates literature values presumed for fully relaxed GaN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bulk-gan-si-111-dotted-spatially-resolvedu-pl-at-4-1mnlhoat.png Figure 3. Bulk GaN/Si(111) (dotted). Spatially resolvedµ-PL at 4 K of nanocolumns etched from the GaN layer on Si(111), ensemble (blue) and single column (black) structures (intensities are normalized). The dashed region from 3.466 to 3.476 eV indicates literature values presumed for fully relaxed GaN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bottom-up-a-and-top-down-b-approach-for-the-3rqvkj7u.png Figure 1. Bottom-up (a) and top-down (b) approach for the preparation of nanocolumns. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sem-of-gan-si-111-nanocolumns-etched-a-as-grown-b-220hzzcv.png Figure 2. SEM of GaN/Si(111) nanocolumns etched (a), as grown (b), and of GaN/sapphire etched (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bulk-gan-sapphire-dotted-spatially-resolvedu-pl-at-3ruyc6u5.png Figure 5. Bulk GaN/sapphire (dotted). Spatially resolvedµ-PL at 4 K of nanocolumns etched from the GaN layer on sapphire: ensemble (blue) and single column (black) structures (intensities are normalized). The dashed region from 3.466 to 3.476 eV indicates literature values presumed for fully relaxed GaN. https://scispace.com/papers/the-static-and-dynamic-structure-factor-of-expanded-liquid-30w698e4cl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-dispersion-relation-urn-as-obtained-from-the-2cbqer0j.png Fig. 4 The dispersion relation %urn(&) - as obtained from the maximum of the current density correlation function - of liquid Rb at several temperatures (A 320 K /13/,v 1073 K,o 1373 K,o 1673 K). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-self-diffusion-coefficient-de-0-of-expanded-liquid-rb-2pojp39t.png Fig. 5 Self-diffusion coefficient DE (0) of expanded liquid Rb and comparison with a hard-sphere fluid (A). https://scispace.com/papers/the-status-of-the-world-s-land-and-marine-mammals-diversity-5bsmayn625 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-394molqh.png Figure 3). https://scispace.com/papers/the-status-of-open-heavy-flavor-production-at-rhic-8bu16ji0le 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-decay-chains-for-cc-a-and-bb-b-to-like-3ms7ni1u.png Figure 2: Schematic decay chains for cc (a) and bb (b) to like- and opposite-sign e-K pairs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-uncertainty-on-the-charm-and-bottom-1grcmqnc.png Table 1: Summary of the uncertainty on the charm and bottom total cross sections calculated from the NLO partonic total cross sections at RHIC and the LHC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-nlo-total-qq-cross-sections-as-a-function-of-s-fxif8i7e.png Figure 1: The NLO total QQ cross sections as a function of √ s with CTEQ6M for charm (left) and bottom (right). The solid curve is the central result; the upper and lower dashed curves are the upper and lower edges of the uncertainty band. https://scispace.com/papers/the-status-of-the-high-gain-harmonic-generation-free-1qytsqh6uo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hghg-process-llgc24x7.png Figure 1: HGHG process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-ratio-of-sase-over-spontaneous-radiation-versus-207f22x9.png Figure 4: The ratio of SASE over spontaneous radiation versus charge https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-longitudinal-bunch-shape-for-1-1-nc-xg8as1zu.png Figure 2: Longitudinal bunch shape for 1.1 nC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-signal-versus-charge-2f7uqex9.png Figure 3: Signal versus charge https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-designed-electron-beam-parameters-for-hghg-2zgbi125.png Table 1: Designed electron beam parameters for HGHG https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-co2-seed-laser-beam-parameters-17szmsby.png Table 2: CO2 seed laser beam parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-magnet-parameters-kx0q2n2f.png Table 3: Magnet parameters https://scispace.com/papers/the-story-of-property-meditations-on-gentrification-renaming-ql9a5kc3w9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-by-author-with-the-san-francisco-shipyard-and-3vin2800.png Figure 1. Map, by author, with “The San Francisco Shipyard” and “NOBE” highlighted in relation to the cities of San Francisco, Oakland, and Berkeley. https://scispace.com/papers/the-storage-and-use-of-biological-tissue-samples-from-minors-1lj3s1241g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-focus-groups-352uesbz.png Table 1. Overview of focus groups https://scispace.com/papers/the-strategic-timing-of-r-d-agreements-n4b4k5hxf9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-payoffs-for-a-leader-dashed-line-a-follower-solid-ogoxti9g.png Fig 4: payoffs for a leader (dashed line), a follower (solid thick line), a cooperative firm (dotted thick line), a non-cooperative firm (solid line) for a=38, c=18, γ = 2, ,6.0=Fjβ .8.0= https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-r-d-investment-for-a-leader-dashed-line-a-follower-2rpjf2nf.png Fig 3: R&D investment for a leader (dashed line), a follower (solid thick line), a cooperative firm (dotted thick line), a non-cooperative firm (solid line) for a=38, c=18, γ = 2, ,6.0=Fjβ .8.0= https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-and-2-illustrate-the-e-ect-of-on-the-investment-1n0308ki.png Figure 1 and 2 illustrate the e¤ect of on the investment levels and on payo¤s, respectively. When rm investments are strategic substitutes ( < 1=2) there exists a narrow range of the spillover rate (between 0 and ( )) for which being leader, and thus expanding the investment, turns out to be extremely pro table. This occurs only when the cost to invest in R&D is extremely low ( < ). https://scispace.com/papers/the-strategy-to-align-road-safety-education-to-the-further-45zhql7gpv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-material-in-an-effective-road-safety-education-and-2qt1k5dy.png Table 1: Material in an effective road safety education and training programme https://scispace.com/papers/the-stellar-rotation-activity-relationship-in-fully-2xgnw0lm5e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-x-ray-to-bolometric-luminosity-ratio-lx-lbol-2gn5vgb4.png Figure 3. X-ray to bolometric luminosity ratio, LX/Lbol, plotted against the Rossby number, Ro = Prot/τ , for the fully convective stars observed as part of this work (large red points), the fully convective stars included in the sample of Wright et al. (2011, medium, light red points), and the remaining partly convective stars from that sample (grey empty circles). Error bars are shown for all fully convective stars. Upper (3σ ) limits are shown for the undetected fully convective stars observed as part of this work as red arrows. The best-fitting activity–rotation relations found for fully convective stars in this work (β = −2.3 and Rosat = 0.14, solid line) and from Wright et al. (2011, β = −2.7 and Rosat = 0.16, dotted line) are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-x-ray-to-bolometric-luminosity-ratio-lx-lbol-26941n07.png Figure 2. X-ray to bolometric luminosity ratio, LX/Lbol, plotted against the rotation period, Prot, for the fully convective stars observed as part of this work (large red points), the fully convective stars included in the sample of Wright et al. (2011, medium, light red points), and the remaining partly convective stars from that sample (grey empty circles). Error bars are shown for all fully convective stars. Upper (3σ ) limits are shown for the undetected fully convective stars observed as part of this work as red arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-empirical-convective-turnover-times-fitted-from-the-1clfor32.png Table 2. Empirical convective turnover times fitted from the combination of the data presented here and those from Wright et al. (2011). Fits were performed under the assumption of a universal activity–rotation relationship with β = −2.70, as determined by Wright et al. (2011). The median value of the posterior distribution was used as the best fit, and the 16th and 84th percentiles used to determine the 1σ uncertainties. Stellar masses were estimated using the empirical data in Pecaut & Mamajek (2013) to convert V − Ks to Teff, and a 1-Gyr isochrone from Siess, Dufour & Forestini (2000) to convert to stellar mass, as per Wright et al. (2011). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-x-ray-to-bolometric-luminosity-ratio-lx-lbol-22e052co.png Figure 4. X-ray to bolometric luminosity ratio, LX/Lbol, plotted against the Rossby number, Ro = Prot/τ , for two subsamples of our fully convective star sample, divided based on the V − Ks colour. Symbol colour is the same as in Fig. 3: fully convective stars from this work are shown as large red circles, those from Wright et al. (2011) are shown as medium, light red circles, and partly convective stars are shown as empty grey circles. Error bars and 3σ upper limits are also shown. The best-fitting activity–rotation relations found for the entire sample of fully convective stars (β = −2.3, dotted line) is shown compared to the fits for each subsample, β = −2.0 (for V − Ks < 5.4) and β = −2.8 (for V − Ks > 5.4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-empirical-convective-turnover-time-as-a-function-of-2r4m6692.png Figure 5. Empirical convective turnover time as a function of V − Ks colour using the best-fitting activity–rotation model parameters determined by Wright et al. (2011) with β =−2.70 and log (LX/Lbol)sat =−3.13. Error bars (1σ ) are shown for all points, which for V−Ks colour are the 16th–84th percentiles of the colour distribution within each bin. Grey triangles show the convective turnover times determined by Wright et al. (2011), while blue diamonds and red circles show the values determined in this work for partly convective stars (data entirely from Wright et al. 2011) and for fully convective stars (data from that paper and this work), respectively. The slight differences between the results of this work and Wright et al. (2011) for partly convective stars can be attributed to the different fitting techniques employed. The dashed line shows the best-fitting polynomial relationship between the two quantities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-x-ray-light-curve-for-source-lspm-j0501-2237-3u39cyp5.png Figure 1. X-ray light curve for source LSPM J0501+2237 showing a strong X-ray flare towards the end of the observation. The red dashed line shows the time after which the data were excluded from analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/the-strength-of-foreign-accent-in-czech-english-under-5finevpxed 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pearson-coefficients-r-for-correlations-between-two-12tm5srm.png Table 2. Pearson coefficients r for correlations between two rhythm metrics and perceptual scores of foreign accentedness (BN – brown noise, CN – coffeeshop noise, FS – filtered speech). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-scores-of-speech-items-in-three-groups-according-24hrv3rb.png Fig. 2. Mean scores of speech items in three groups according to strength of foreign accent. (BN – brown noise, CN – coffeeshop noise, FS – filtered speech; error bars show 95% confidence intervals.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pearson-coefficients-r-for-correlations-between-2yfhcms1.png Table 3. Pearson coefficients r for correlations between three SPL parameters and perceptual scores of foreign accentedness (BN – brown noise, CN – coffeeshop noise, FS – filtered speech; significance at α = 0.05). https://scispace.com/papers/the-strength-of-weak-leaders-an-experiment-on-social-lvnpm8dogg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-and-4-illustrate-how-computer-screens-of-a-2c1bllwc.png Figure 3: Trait and declaration influence for pendants and centers. Gray accuracy, black confidence treatments, 95 % confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gives-an-example-for-the-screen-which-you-will-see-33v1knf8.png Figure 1 gives an example for the screen which you will see for each question. The first input is your estimation, which must be a number between 0 and 100. The second input is your confidence level. Please confirm your choices by clicking on the „Weiter“ button (which is not illustrated in Figure 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-2-root-mean-squared-errors-rmse-of-different-models-uvn02b9v.png Figure A.2: Root mean squared errors (RMSE) of different models by center and pendants differentiated by center and pendants. Lower errors mean better fit between model and data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-influence-weights-on-centers-final-answer-r1jlp09b.png Table A.2: Influence weights on center’s final answer, separately estimated for each treatment. Regression of the center’s final answer (period 6) on the initial answers (period 1). Coefficients forced to sum up to one. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-2-screen-shot-of-phase-ii-from-the-viewpoint-of-a-i60toc4f.png Figure C.2: Screen Shot of phase II from the Viewpoint of a Pendant https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-screen-shot-of-phase-b-from-the-viewpoint-of-a-3gi3zpg8.png Figure 3.2. Screen Shot of Phase B from the Viewpoint of a Pendant https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-2-summary-of-the-confidence-scale-and-its-3oog2o9v.png Table C.2: Summary of the Confidence Scale and its Interpretation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simple-examples-of-dynamics-with-time-on-the-x-axis-21xqsb5b.png Figure 5: Simple examples of dynamics with time on the x-axis and answers (in percentage points) on the y-axis. Upper panels illustrate two prominent models from the literature; lower panels illustrate their extensions when conservatism is incorporated. Standard Model is upper left, Standard-Plus Model is lower left, DeMarzo et al. Model is upper right, and DeMarzo et al. Plus Model is lower right panel. Hence the left panels illustrate rational models, the right panels näıve models. https://scispace.com/papers/the-strong-confinement-regime-in-hgte-two-dimensional-aazava6mvh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-confined-ncs-of-hgte-tem-images-of-a-hgte-npls-and-1yf9fz32.png Figure 2 Confined NCs of HgTe. TEM images of a. HgTe NPLs and b. NCs. The associated absorption spectrum appears in purple and orange, respectively. c. Infrared absorption spectra for HgTe NPLs and NCs with various sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5a-and-figure-6a-show-respectively-the-effects-of-1ojrw9ne.png Figure 5a and Figure 6a show respectively the effects of temperature and pressure on the relation dispersion. When temperature or pressure increases, the band gaps 𝐸𝑔 and 𝐸𝑔𝐶 are altered as depicted in Figure S11c. The effect on the LH band effective mass 𝑚𝐿𝐻 ∗ , defined at small k, is given by: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dispersion-relation-of-the-lh-conduction-blue-and-19ho6wxc.png Figure 1 Dispersion relation 𝑬(𝒌) of the LH conduction (blue) and HH valence (black) bands of bulk HgTe from the (3+1)band k.p model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-the-temperature-on-the-infrared-spectra-kk5ksgva.png Figure 3 Effect of the temperature on the infrared spectra of HgTe NCs. a. Infrared absorption spectra for HgTe NPLs at various temperature between 10 K and 300 K. The absorption blueshifts as temperature is lowered. b. Infrared absorption spectra for small HgTe NC at various temperature between 10 K and 300 K. The absorption is barely affected by temperature. c. Infrared absorption spectra for large HgTe NC at various temperature between 10 K and 300 K. The absorption redshifts as temperature is lowered. d. Experimental temperature dependence of the band gap variation as a function of HgTe NC and NPL 𝐸𝐺 confinement energy (at T=10 K). The green dotted line is from the (3+1) k.p model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-the-simple-3-1-and-the-14-band-model-3atrwbbi.png Table 1 Values of the simple (3+1) and the 14-band model parameters used to describe the confinement, temperature and pressure dependences. n.a. means non applicable. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-modelling-the-pressure-effect-of-the-dispersion-37ld3kwn.png Figure 6 Modelling the pressure effect of the dispersion relation a. Effect of pressure on the conduction and valence bands. The gray arrows corresponds to typical confinement energies for the NPL (1.5 eV) and for NCs (0.5 eV). b. Simulated confinement energy variation over 𝛥𝑃=4 GPa pressure difference for 3 temperatures. The light orange dot is the experimental measurement around 150 K. The two red squares are the measurements from Ref 45 at 300 K. c. Experimental confinement energy EG shift as a function of an applied hydrostatic pressure for HgTe NPLs for three different temperatures. d. Simulated confinement energy EG shifts as a function of an applied pressure for HgTe NPLs from 0K to 300K.The indicated slope corresponds to 0 K https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-the-pressure-on-the-infrared-spectra-of-lhbcrooj.png Figure 4 Effect of the pressure on the infrared spectra of HgTe NCs. a. Scheme of the experimental setup of the SMIS beamline of synchrotron SOLEIL to probe the infrared spectrum of a HgTe NPLs under pressure. b. Infrared spectrum of HgTe NPLs at 200 K and under various pressure in the range of 0 to 4 GPa. c. Infrared spectrum of HgTe NCs at 300 K and under various pressure in the range of 0 to 4 GPa https://scispace.com/papers/the-strong-grip-of-childhood-conditions-in-older-europeans-1d9s37l866 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-latent-classes-of-poor-and-non-poor-childhood-1flp3urn.png Table 2. Latent classes of poor and non-poor childhood. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mixed-models-of-trajectories-of-grip-strength-3c1p68pz.png Table 3. Mixed models of trajectories of grip strength (adjusting for household income, occupation, education, and marital status); SE: standard error. Source: SHARE 2004-2013. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-analytic-sample-share-2002-2013-ru3vl25w.png Table 1. Description of the analytic sample (SHARE 2002-2013) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predicted-trajectories-of-grip-strength-153xnqft.png Figure 2. Predicted trajectories of grip strength, distinguished by childhood poverty status for women (left pane) and men (right pane). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plots-of-key-coefficients-for-women-left-pane-and-3exd32iy.png Figure 1. Plots of key coefficients for women (left pane) and men (right pane). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-supplement-table-4-model-comparisons-2z2x8hyz.png Table 4. Supplement Table 4 Model comparisons. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-supplement-table-5-models-with-adult-condition-for-jloprtv4.png Table 5. Supplement Table 5 Models with adult condition for women (left pane) and men (right pane) https://scispace.com/papers/the-structural-genesis-of-a-complex-movw-5o14-oxide-during-nvzkhhuwoi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sequence-of-hrem-images-of-the-well-crystalline-movw-14nr70de.png Fig. 3. Sequence of HREM images of the well-crystalline (MoVW)5O14 oxide with Mo5O14 structure after irradiation with the electron beam: a) –5 sec, b) – 20 sec, and c) – 30 sec. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-in-situxrd-patterns-of-the-crystalline-movw-5o14-2bfjotx7.png Fig. 4. In-situXRD patterns of the crystalline (MoVW)5O14 material registered during heat treatment from ambient temperature to 500oC in the 20% oxygen in He (a) and 10% hydrogen in He (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-uv-vis-dr-spectra-of-ammonium-heptamolybdate-1-vanadyl-262y3muu.png Fig. 5. UV/Vis DR spectra of ammonium heptamolybdate (1), vanadyl oxalate (2), ammonium metatungstate (3), a mechanical mixture of all compounds in molar ratios equal to Mo0.68V0.23W0.09 (4) and spray-dried precursor(5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-uv-vis-dr-spectra-of-the-spray-dried-precursor-1-after-yflhtiq5.png Fig. 6. UV/Vis DR spectra of the spray-dried precursor (1), after heating at 110 (2), 200 (3), 250 (4), 350oC in air (5) and subsequent treatment at 440oC in He (6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-adsorption-isotherms-of-oxygen-a-and-hydrogen-b-1msen647.png Fig. 9. Adsorption isotherms of oxygen (a) and hydrogen (b) obtained over the samples heated at 350oC in air (1) and subsequently heated at 440oC in He (2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-microporous-structure-of-movw-5o14-22pogx0m.png Table 2. Microporous structure of (MoVW)5O14 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-static-1-and-51v-mas-nmr-rotation-frequency-12-khz-2-5oodd521.png Fig. 8. Static (1) and 51V MAS NMR (rotation frequency 12 kHz (2) and rotation frequency 35 kHz (3)) spectra of the single crystalline (MoVW)5O14 oxide (a); 51V MAS NMR spectra of the initial (1), oxidized (2) and reduced (3) well-crystalline (MoVW)5O14 oxide (b, rotation frequency 12 kHz); 51V MAS NMR spectra of the initial (1) and oxidized (2) single crystalline (VMOW)5O14 oxide(c, rotation frequency 35 kHz). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-esr-spectra-of-the-movw-oxide-precursor-dried-at-110oc-198b9esn.png Fig. 7. ESR spectra of the MoVW oxide precursor dried at 110oC in air (1) calcined in air at 350oC (2) and subsequently treated in He flow at 440oC (3). https://scispace.com/papers/the-structural-properties-of-classical-bulges-and-discs-from-4x8bpdwuyd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-median-mass-normalized-sizes-of-bulges-embedded-in-1nvaurfo.png Figure 7. Median mass-normalized sizes of bulges embedded in different morphologies as a function of redshift. For each redshift bin, the effective radius of every bulge is divided by the expected size from the best fit model to the population of elliptical galaxies (B/T > 0.8). The median of the ratios is then reported. Errors bars are 68% confidence levels estimated through bootstrapping 1000 times. Bulges sizes in different morphologies are compatible. No systematic shift is observed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-median-sizes-of-discs-log-m-m-10-embedded-in-2tgqegfw.png Figure 14. Median sizes of discs (Log(M∗/M ) > 10) embedded in passive (red squares) and star-forming galaxies (blue squares). For each redshift bin, the effective radius of each disc is divided by the expected size from the best fit model to the population of discs of star-forming galaxies. The median of the ratios is then reported. Errors bars are 68% confidence levels estimated through bootstrapping 1000 times. Interestingly, disc sizes in both populations are similar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-mass-size-relation-of-discs-embedded-in-star-3f7xxzgw.png Figure 13. Mass-size relation of discs embedded in star-forming (blue points) or passive (red points) galaxies. The solid red line is the best fit model to the mass-size distribution of discs in star-forming galaxies. The vertical dashed red lines are the stellar mass completeness limit for bulges. Dark red and blue points shown the median sizes values of discs hosted star forming and passive galaxies respectively. No clear systematic difference is measured in the size median values for discs in the two populations. Result confirmed in figure 14 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-from-the-parametrized-fit-on-the-mass-size-260npiii.png Table 4. Results from the parametrized fit on the mass size relation for discs with different selections. 1: all discs with Md > 2 × 10M . 2: Discs more massive than MD > 2 × 1010M embedded in star forming galaxies. 3: Discs more massive than MD > 2 × 1010M living in galaxies with B/T < 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-from-the-parametrized-fit-on-the-mass-size-ogmye2le.png Table 3. Results from the parametrized fit on the mass size relation for bulges with different selections. 1: all bulges with MB > 2×10M . 2: Bulges more massive than MB > 2 × 1010M embedded in quiescent galaxies. 3: Bulges more massive than MB > 2 × 1010M living in galaxies with B/T > 0.8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flow-chart-illustrating-the-selection-applied-to-1ahots3o.png Figure 2. Flow chart illustrating the selection applied to our sample. The figure is taken from DM18 and shown here for completeness. We refer the reader to the aforementioned work for more details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mass-size-relation-of-bulges-embedded-in-galaxies-1ktndvdy.png Figure 5. Mass-size relation of bulges embedded in galaxies with different bulge-to-total ratios, as labelled. The solid red line is the best fit model to the mass-size distribution of elliptical galaxies (B/T > 0.8). Points with different colors and shapes are the median values of sizes in mass bins for different values of B/T as shown in the legend. The vertical dashed red lines are the stellar mass completeness limit for bulges. No strong correlation is revealed between the size of the bulge and the morphology (B/T ) of the host galaxy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-left-fraction-of-massive-bulges-log-m-b-m-10-3-3gkkwcoa.png Figure 6. Left: Fraction of massive bulges (log(M∗,B/M ) > 10.3) embedded in different morphologies as labeled as a function of redshift. Right: Same for massive discs (log(M∗,D/M ) > 10.3) https://scispace.com/papers/the-structure-at-2-a-resolution-of-phycocyanin-from-3g22vbmxyz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-energy-transfer-steps-between-3jwavu85.png Table 2 Characteristics of energy transfer steps between pairs of chromophores https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pc-pc-docking-model-ribbon-representation-of-the-13iyghmq.png Fig. 4. PC–PC docking model. Ribbon representation of the refined PC–PC model. The general dimensions are indicated. The chromophores are shown in black. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-representation-of-the-structure-of-phycocyanin-fromg-90urb4uf.png Fig. 3. Representation of the structure of phycocyanin fromG. chilensis. A) Ribbon representation of the α (light blue) and β (blue) subunits of C-phycocyanin of G. chilensis. The chromophores are shown in ball and stick representation. B) The molecule in the asymmetric unit. Ribbon representation of the heterohexamer (αβ)6. The α subunits are chains A, C, E, K,M, O and the β subunits are chains B, D, F, L, N, P according to the structure deposited in the Protein Data Bank. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-collection-refinement-and-ramachandran-plot-39nx125c.png Table 1 Data collection, refinement and Ramachandran plot statistics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-conformation-of-chromophores-at-a84-a-fo-fc-electron-3l6ffnkl.png Fig. 2. Conformation of chromophores at α84. A) Fo–Fc electron density map showing the electron density of chromophore at α84 in chain K. B) Superposition of the chromophores at α84 in chains A (also representing chains C, M and O) and E (also representing chain K). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-energy-transfer-pathways-in-a-pc-pc-complex-a-fvk6qtkr.png Fig. 5. Energy transfer pathways in a PC–PC complex. A) Representative internal energy transfer pathway. B) Representative external energy transfer pathway. The protein is shown as a transparent matrix in which the chromophores are represented as sticks in different shades of grey in the three dimensional context. The darker chromophores show the pathways. The average acceptor–donor transfer rates for each pair of chromophores are indicated. https://scispace.com/papers/the-structure-and-properties-of-ribbon-shaped-carbon-fibers-pfh8a19wgn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-diagram-of-a-powdered-form-of-ribbon-shaped-fibers-opgq3wxk.png Fig. 1 (a) Diagram of a powdered form of ribbon-shaped fibers for the XRD random scan, a glass slide with one layer of ribbon-shaped fibers horizontally taped to it for the XRD equatorial scan and a columniform polyester resin block vertically embedded with ribbon-shaped fibers in the center for the XRD meridional scan, (b) XRD random diffraction scan patterns from fiber powders, (c) XRD equatorial scan patterns from ribbon-shaped fibers and (d) XRD meridional scan patterns of ribbon-shaped fibers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-tg-curves-of-a-mesophase-pitch-fibers-in-nitrogen-10dgjc93.png Fig. 9 The TG curves of (a) mesophase pitch fibers in nitrogen, air or oxygen atmospheres and (b) variously heat-treated mesophase pitch-based carbon ribbon fibers and K-1100 fiber in air atmosphere. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-typical-sem-images-of-round-shaped-fibers-a-with-a-3hqjcvik.png Fig. 7 Typical SEM images of round-shaped fibers (a) with a diameter of ~20 μm graphitized at 3000 °C and (b) K-1100 fibers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-tensile-strength-and-youngs-modulus-of-ribbon-8beyyi5c.png Fig. 11 The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of ribbon-shaped fibers heat treated at various temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-typical-a-optical-photograph-of-well-aligned-pitch-2q58iho1.png Fig. 3 Typical (a) optical photograph of well-aligned pitch fibers on a flat plate, (b) PLM micrograph and (c) SEM images of ribbon-shaped pitch fiber heat treated at 400 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-typical-sem-images-of-a-whole-view-of-ribbon-shaped-9rq64388.png Fig. 5 Typical SEM images of a whole view of ribbon-shaped fibers (a) carbonized at 1000 °C and (b) graphitized at 3000 °C, and the transverse section at the center of ribbon-shaped fibers heat-treated at (c) 1000, (d) 1600, (e) 2800 and (f) 3000 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-typical-hrtem-images-of-the-ribbon-shaped-fibers-heat-35cfzjca.png Fig. 8 Typical HRTEM images of the ribbon-shaped fibers heat treated at (a) 1000, (b) 1600, (c) 2000, (d) 2800, (e) 3000 °C and (f) K-1100 fibers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-raman-spectra-of-the-ribbon-shaped-fibers-heat-treated-21whbsi9.png Fig. 2 Raman spectra of the ribbon-shaped fibers heat treated at (a) 1000, (b) 2000, (c) 3000 °C and (d) K-1100 fibers showing both D and G peaks. https://scispace.com/papers/the-structure-and-stellar-content-of-the-outer-disks-of-3cvjcfovrt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-radial-profiles-example-3exlac6a.png Table 2 Radial Profiles Example https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-galaxy-list-example-29smnxim.png Table 1 Galaxy List Example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2d-stack-images-from-top-to-bottom-all-galaxies-low-n9lo3mtv.png Figure 6. 2D stack images. From top to bottom: all galaxies, low-mass galaxies, intermediate-mass galaxies, high-mass galaxies. From left to right: g, r, i, z, y band. The contour levels represent 23, 25, 27, 29, 30 ABmag arcsec−2. The red circles indicate 2 r90. The 30 ABmag arcsec−2 contour is close to 3 r90. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-psf-profiles-2v3apew7.png Figure 28. PSF profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-29-1d-galaxy-model-and-the-psf-convolved-profiles-1p5mazoj.png Figure 29. 1D galaxy model and the PSF convolved profiles. Upper-panel: g-band (purple) and i-band (black) PSF. The symbols are measured data and the lines are functional fit. The PSFs are fitted using a Gaussian plus a broken exponential profile. Middle-panel: g-band (purple) and i-band (black) SB profiles. Lower-panel: g−i color profiles. Solid lines are the original model and dashed lines are the model after convolution with the PSF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-30-upper-row-from-left-to-right-five-band-composite-3vxyiwyy.png Figure 30. Upper row from left to right: five-band composite chi-squared detection image; five-band surface brightness profiles; stellar surface mass density profile. Lower row from left to right: three-color image with masks; g−r and r−i color profiles; g, r, and i-band M/L profiles. The yellow ellipses in the images and the yellow vertical dash lines in the radial profile plots show the location of r90. The brown dashed-dotted line shows the break radius. The two blue straight lines show the fit to the inner and outer disk r-band surface brightness profile. The black vertical dashed lines show the inner (0.3 r90) and outer (2 r90) boundary of the stellar disk. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-composite-g-band-stellar-m-l-profile-plotted-as-a-3681bzsz.png Figure 14. Composite g-band stellar M/L profile plotted as a function of radius (top) and local stellar surface mass density (bottom). Both plots show a “U” shape with a minimum at about r90 (top) and ΣS ∼ 107 M kpc−2 (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-composite-radial-profiles-of-colors-upper-panel-g-3q09wx4b.png Figure 13. Composite radial profiles of colors. Upper panel: g− r; lower panel: g−i. The colors are Milky Way-extinction corrected and K-corrected. Symbols and color-coding are as in the previous figure. Both the color profiles show a “U” shape with minima at around r90. https://scispace.com/papers/the-structure-function-for-system-reliability-as-predictive-20pc9lqic1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-lower-and-upper-survival-signatures-for-scenarios-i-3alspnqt.png Table 3: Lower and upper survival signatures for Scenarios I-IV https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-with-three-types-of-components-24qhkor8.png Figure 1: System with three types of components https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lower-and-upper-survival-signatures-for-tasks-a-e-2slv8gkv.png Table 2: Lower and upper survival signatures for Tasks A-E https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-survival-signatures-for-system-in-figure-1-two-cases-29t1ca2r.png Table 1: Survival signatures for system in Figure 1, two cases https://scispace.com/papers/the-structure-of-a-single-unit-of-ribosomal-rna-gene-rdna-4i7t2eq0uo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-m-croslandi-rdna-repeating-unit-top-and-the-138jnpe9.png Fig. 1. Map of the M. croslandi rDNA repeating unit (top) and the clones analyzed (bottom). The rDNA repeating unit is defined by a Hin d III site within the IGS. The conserved rRNA coding regions are indicated by filled boxes, spacer regions without repeats are indicated by thin lines, and those with repeats by broken bars. The probes used for plaque hybridization, pMc.18S-2pcr and pHO-8, are shown by gray boxes. Clones are indicated by thin lines with individual clone designations. There are non-28S rDNA sequence (open boxes) at the R2 insertion site in the pMc.r1, λ Mc.11 and λ Mc.1 clones. The λ Mc.8 Hin d III fragment is 2kb longer than the λ Mc.1 fragment due to the IGS length variation. E, Eco R I; H, Hin d III https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-structure-of-the-repeat-region-in-the-igs-sequence-17mcmtio.png Fig. 4. Structure of the repeat region in the IGS. Sequence analysis of the Ban III-digested fragments first demonstrated the presence of two kinds of repeats, of 293 bp and 229 bp. Closer examination revealed the existence of the smaller subrepeats shown on top. Individual subrepeat sequences, expect for C, which has no sequence similarity to the others, are shown below. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-potential-secondary-structure-that-can-be-formed-by-6retz2ma.png Fig. 3. A potential secondary structure that can be formed by the IGS sequence immediately following the 3’ end of 28S rDNA in M. croslandi (see Fig. 2B). The nucleotide sequence (1.6 kb) in the EcoR I–Hind III region is shown at the top right in Fig. 1 and numbered 1–1,607. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dot-matrix-comparisons-of-rdna-sequences-all-2n1aqzfh.png Fig. 2. Dot matrix comparisons of rDNA sequences. All comparisons were made as described in the text. (A) Comparison between M. croslandi and D. melanogaster sequences. The filled boxes indicate rDNA coding regions of D. melanogaster. The open boxes indicate predicted rDNA coding regions of M. croslandi. (B) Comparison of M. croslandi sequences. https://scispace.com/papers/the-structure-of-concentrated-aqueous-solutions-of-chromium-2gfgc99kdi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-structural-data-of-the-molecular-model-for-2-81-mol-t5n7o6ob.png Table 2 Structural data of the molecular model for 2.81 mol dm−3 CeCl3 aqueous solution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-experimental-and-calculated-results-for-2-81-mol-dm-2ieg3o3r.png Fig. 10. (a) Experimental (···) and calculated results for 2.81 mol dm−3 CeCl3 aqueo 8 and 9 water molecules, respectively): (a) X-ray diffraction patterns (b) pair-correla https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-pair-correlation-function-g-r-of-different-11hph4a4.png Fig. 9. Pair-correlation function g(r) of different concentrated CrCl3 aqueous solutions: (–) 2.81 mol dm−3, (– –) 1.90 mol dm−3 and (–·–) 0.98 mol dm−3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-evolution-with-the-temperature-of-the-profile-of-the-x-2hhtcssq.png Fig. 1. Evolution with the temperature of the profile of the X-ray diffraction reduced intensity of the 3.03 mol dm−3 LaCl3 aqueous solution from 300 K up to 425 K (detailed dependence in the relevant Q range is presented in the inset). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-polarized-ivv-raman-spectra-of-0-98-1-90-and-2-81-mol-vqy47pk8.png Fig. 11. Polarized IVV Raman spectra of 0.98, 1.90 and 2.81 mol dm −3 CeCl3 aqueous solutions. The lower spectrum displays the profile of the depolarized IHV spectra for the 2.81 mol dm −3 solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-polarized-ivv-raman-spectra-of-0-28-0-56-1-07-and-2-10l75axu.png Fig. 12. Polarized IVV Raman spectra of 0.28, 0.56, 1.07 and 2.13 mol dm −3 cerium nitrate solutions and of 2.81 mol dm−3 cerium chloride solutions. A band observed in all the spectra at about 330 cm−1; so, it can be tentatively assigned to the breathing vibration of the cerium hydrate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-concentration-and-density-of-the-aqueous-solutions-23ybewr3.png Table 1 Concentration and density of the aqueous solutions investigated; n being the calculated number of water molecules per cation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolution-with-the-temperature-of-the-profile-of-the-x-1kklf5sp.png Fig. 2. Evolution with the temperature of the profile of the X-ray diffraction reduced intensity of the 2.86 mol dm−3 AlCl3 aqueous solution from 300 K up to 425 K (detailed dependence in the relevant Q range is presented in the inset). https://scispace.com/papers/the-structure-of-labor-markets-in-the-us-and-china-social-22v59258qp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-theoretical-framework-for-how-social-connections-15seporq.png Table 1. A theoretical framework for how social connections matter for access to jobs https://scispace.com/papers/the-structure-of-the-caspase-recruitment-domain-of-bincard-dt8ww6srhg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-splice-variants-of-human-bincard-a-the-two-human-1y5tkibo.png Figure 1 Splice variants of human BinCARD. (a) The two human BinCARD isoforms share identical exons 1–3. The longer isoform, BinCARD-1, is a consequence of the extension of exon 3. The shorter isoform, BinCARD-2, consists of six short exon sequences. The genomic sequence information is from the Ensembl genome database. (b) Sequence alignment of the two human BinCARD protein isoforms. Residue numbers correspond to the full-length proteins. Conserved residues are shown in red and the predicted transmembrane helix of BinCARD-2 is highlighted in grey. Residues 1–101 are the same for the two isoforms. This sequence alignment was generated using ClustalW from Network Protein Sequence Analysis using default parameters (Combet et al., 2000). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-oxidized-and-reduced-cys63-a-cys7-and-8ld8qufr.png Figure 4 Comparison of oxidized and reduced Cys63. (a) Cys7 and Cys77 form a disulfide bond in the native structure. (b) Cys63 in the native structure was modelled as a cysteine sulfenic acid (CSO) in the two molecules of the asymmetric unit in the native structure. The electron density shown in (a) and (b) corresponds to that from a 2Fo Fc map contoured at 1 . (c) Cys63 is oxidized in the native structure (CSO630, modelled in two alternate conformations; green) and not oxidized in the SeMet-labelled structure (Cys63; white). This change in oxidation state results in movement of the Arg59 side chain by 4 Å (R590 in green for the native structure; R59 for the SeMet-labelled structure). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-electrostatic-surface-features-of-card-proteins-a-3bzt9y4v.png Figure 5 Electrostatic surface features of CARD proteins. (a) Procaspase-9 CARD (PDB entry 3ygs; Qin et al., 1999) has an extensive positively charged surface contributed by helices 1 and 4. (b) Apaf-1 CARD (PDB entry 3ygs; Qin et al., 1999) has an extensive negatively charged surface contributed by helices 2 and 3 on the reverse surface. (c) The equivalent helices 1 and 4 of BinCARD-CARD do not generate a distinct positively charged surface. (d) The electrostatic potential surface contributed by helices 2 and 3 of BinCARD-CARD has a more limited acidic patch than that of Apaf-1 CARD. All three structures were superimposed, so that (a) and (c) represent equivalent surfaces of procaspase-9 and BinCARDCARD and (b) and (d) represent equivalent surfaces of Apaf-1 and BinCARD-CARD. The electrostatic potential mapped onto the surface was calculated using APBS (Baker et al., 2001) and displayed in PyMOL. The electrostatic potential is shown over the range 10kT/e (negatively charged) to +10kT/e (positively charged). (e, f) Sequence conservation is shown mapped onto the surfaces of (e) helices 1 and 3 and (f) helices 2 and 3 of BinCARD-CARD shown in the same orientation as in (c) and (d), respectively. Sequence conservation was based on a T-Coffee multiple sequence alignment (Notredame et al., 2000; Supplementary Fig. S3). The surface is coloured orange, light orange, yellow and white to show residues that are identical, conserved, weakly conserved or variable, respectively, across BinCARD-CARD sequences. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-crystal-structure-of-bincard-card-a-cartoon-j911rx1q.png Figure 2 Crystal structure of BinCARD-CARD. (a) Cartoon representation of the BinCARD-CARD crystal structure showing the two molecules (green and blue) in the asymmetric unit, each comprising a canonical CARD fold of six -helices. Side chains are shown in stick format for the three cysteines and the YP cis-peptide. (b) The boxed cis-peptide in (a) is enlarged to show the cis-peptide bond formed between residues Tyr39 and Pro40 from the YYPQILT loop linking helices 2 and 3 in more detail. The electron density shown corresponds to that from a 2Fo Fc map contoured at 1 . https://scispace.com/papers/the-structure-of-worker-compensation-in-brazil-with-a-5bdwlylvxb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-log-wages-and-employment-shares-3gxzm3dx.png Table 1: Mean Log Wages and Employment Shares https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-manufacturing-wages-in-brazil-france-and-the-u-s-1dpvzr8n.png Table 2: Manufacturing Wages in Brazil, France and the U.S. Brazil 1990 Brazil 1997 France 1992 U.S. 1990 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-relative-wages-in-brazil-by-sector-manufacturing-2j6tmdzo.png Table 10: Relative Wages in Brazil by Sector Manufacturing Services Commerce Agriculture https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-variability-of-manufacturing-wages-in-brazil-france-npbne6c8.png Table 4: Variability of Manufacturing Wages in Brazil, France and the U.S. Correlation with https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-manufacturing-firm-characteristics-and-wages-in-2927xqys.png Table 8: Manufacturing Firm Characteristics and Wages in Brazil, France and the U.S. https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-matches-between-rais-and-pia-random-firm-tkg8qosd.png Table 13: Matches between RAIS and PIA Random Firm Tabulations https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-summary-statistics-rais-worker-data-1990-2csjn5xv.png Table 14: Summary Statistics, RAIS Worker Data 1990 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-probit-predictions-of-formal-manufacturing-work-hec653km.png Table 6: Probit Predictions of Formal Manufacturing Work Status https://scispace.com/papers/the-structures-and-properties-of-proton-and-alkali-bound-227usb8lno 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-lowest-energy-structures-for-the-four-lowest-2ce9i00k.png Figure 6. The lowest energy structures for the four lowest energy structural motifs of (Cys)2•Na+ as calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. Electronic energies are zero-point corrected. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-global-minima-of-cys-2-m-m-k-rb-or-cs-as-3np9lpl7.png Figure 8. The global minima of (Cys)2•M+ (M = K, Rb or Cs) as calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. The lanl2DZ basis set was used for Rb and Cs. Electronic energies are zero-point corrected. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-binding-energies-for-cys-2-m-m-h-li-na-k-rb-or-cs-17qhvqi8.png Figure 9. Binding energies for (Cys)2•M+ (M = H, Li, Na, K, Rb or Cs) as calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. The LANL2DZ basis set was used for Rb and Cs. The blue dotted line shows the results from counterpoise correction for basis set superposition error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-a-experimental-irmpd-spectrum-of-cys-2-h-and-1m7d9ukd.png Figure 2. The (A) experimental IRMPD spectrum of (Cys)2•H+ and the calculated harmonic spectra of the (B) global minimum, (C) isomer 5 (11.4 kJ•mol─1), and (D) isomer 10 (17.2 kJ•mol─1) structures. Overlayed red traces show the calculated anharmonic spectra. Spectra are broadened with a 4 cm─1 Gaussian linewidth. Calculations were conducted at the B3LYP/6311++G(d,p) level of theory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-lowest-energy-structures-for-the-four-lowest-375y8g68.png Figure 4. The lowest energy structures for the four lowest energy structural motifs of (Cys)2•Li+ as calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. Electronic energies are zero-point corrected. https://scispace.com/papers/the-struggle-for-existence-by-g-f-gause-1hng05seuu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-y03njepv.png Table 8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-the-growth-of-the-volume-in-paramecium-caudatum-and-18ks4iim.png Fig. 22. The growth of the "volume" in Paramecium caudatum and Paramecium aurelia cultivated separately and in the mixed population on the medium of Osterhout. From Gause ('34d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-the-growth-of-the-volume-in-paramecium-caudatum-and-2vzfaiab.png Fig. 25. The growth of the "volume" in Paramecium caudatum and Paramecium aurelia cultivated separately and in the mixed population on the buffered medium with the "one-loop" concentration of bacteria. From Gause C34d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-characteristics-of-competitiorfin-ajhomogeneous-mtfa08nr.png Fig. 5. The characteristics'of competitiorfin'ajhomogeneous population of Paraviecium caudatum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-26-the-growth-of-the-number-of-individuals-of-1yex4mjo.png Fig. 26. The growth of the number of individuals of Sttjlonychia pustulata cultivated separately, and in the mixed populations with Paramecium caudatum and Paramecium aurelia (on the medium of Osterhout). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-36-the-solution-of-the-equation-21b-to-the-left-and-nxhwwezj.png Fig. 36. The solution of the equation 21b (to the left) and empirical observations on Paramecium and Didinium (to the right). No "residual growth" of the population of predators (in the absence of the prey) is taken into account in the theoretical equation. From Gause and Witt, '35. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-29-the-destruction-of-paramecium-caudatum-by-didinium-1oor7uzw.png Fig. 29. The destruction of Paramecium caudatum by Didinium nasutum. (a) Growth of P. caudatum alone, (b) Didinium is introduced at the very beginning of growth of Paramecia population, (c) Didinium is introduced after 24 hours, (d) Didinium is introduced after 36 hours, (e) Didinium is introduced after 48 hours. Numbers of individuals pro 0.5 c.c. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-the-growth-of-the-volume-in-paramecium-caudatum-and-2yfuybvt.png Fig. 23. The growth of the "volume" in Paramecium caudatum and Paramecium aurelia cultivated separately on the buffered medium ("half-loop" and "one-loop" concentrations of bacteria). From Gause (\34d). https://scispace.com/papers/the-struggle-of-giving-up-personal-goals-affective-3qnae1q58w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-multiple-regression-analysis-predicting-goal-8553goc2.png Figure 2. (A) Multiple regression analysis predicting goal attainability at T2 from affect at T1 and action crisis at T1 (Study 1). (B) A mediation model of action crisis at T1, affect at T2, and goal attainability at T2. Affect was not a significant mediating factor between action crisis at T1 and goal attainability at T2 (Study 1). Note. R2 indicates the total explained variance. Dotted regression paths are not significant. Bold regression paths are statistically significant at *p < .05, **p < .01, and ***p < .001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-hierarchical-multiple-regression-analysis-predicting-1vhc9ncr.png Table 6. Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis Predicting Dynamic Change in the Cortisol Level over the Marathon and Running Time from Previous Marathon Experience, Marathon Preparation, Running-Specific Complaints, and Action Crisis with Regard to Being a Marathon Runner (Study 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mediation-analysis-testing-whether-the-dynamic-3ntqv6jg.png Table 5. Mediation Analysis Testing Whether the Dynamic Change in the Cortisol Level During the Marathon Partly Accounts for the Association Between Action Crisis and Running Time (Study 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mediation-analysis-testing-whether-affect-at-t2-2bj3mn8y.png Table 2. Mediation Analysis Testing Whether Affect at T2 Partly Accounts for the Association Between Action Crisis at T1 and Goal Attainability at T2 (Study 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-means-sds-and-zero-order-correlations-between-the-2uo2y2zy.png Table 3. Means (SDs) and Zero-Order Correlations Between the Major Study Variables (Study 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-mediation-model-of-an-action-crisis-with-regard-11pepddn.png Figure 4. A mediation model of an action crisis with regard to being a marathon runner, dynamic change in the cortisol level during the marathon, and running time. Dynamic change in the cortisol level during the marathon was a significant mediating factor between action crisis and running time. Note. R2 indicates the total explained variance. Dotted regression paths are not significant. Bold regression paths are statistically significant at *p < .05 and **p < .01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cross-lagged-path-models-for-satisfaction-with-life-1onq71tt.png Figure 3. Cross-lagged path models for satisfaction with life, health, sleeping disorders, goal desirability, and goal attainability. (A) For the prediction of satisfaction with life, χ2(1) = .000, p = .987, χ2/df =.000, NNFI = 1.016, CFI = 1.000, RMSEA = .000 (CI = [.000, .000]; PCLOSE = .991). (B) For the prediction of health, χ2(1) = .007, p = .934, χ2/df = .007, NNFI = 1.016, CFI = 1.000, RMSEA = .000 (CI = [.000, .044]; PCLOSE = .954). (C) For the prediction of sleeping disorders, χ2(1) = .159, p = .690, χ2/df = .159, NNFI = 1.014, CFI = 1.000, RMSEA = .000 (CI = [.000, .117]; PCLOSE = .778). (D) For the prediction of goal desirability, χ2(1) = .124, p = .724, χ2/df = .124, NNFI = 1.013, CFI = 1.000, RMSEA = .000 (CI = [.000, .112]; PCLOSE = .803). (E) For the prediction of goal attainability, χ2(1) = .865, p = .352, χ2/df = .865, NNFI = 1.002, CFI = 1.000, RMSEA = .000 (CI = [.000, .153]; PCLOSE = .502). Note. For adequate interpretation of the cross-lagged path models, see Figure 1. NNFI = non-normed fit index; CFI = comparative fit index; RMSEA = root-mean square error of approximation; CI = confidence interval; PCLOSE = p of close fit. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-sds-and-zero-order-correlations-between-the-2fzrob5f.png Table 1. Means (SDs) and Zero-Order Correlations Between the Major Study Variables (Study 1). https://scispace.com/papers/the-students-attitudes-towards-women-s-childbirth-experience-4lrbsk2egb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-expert-pannel-pro-le-3ucgdw74.png Table 1 Expert pannel pro le https://scispace.com/papers/the-study-of-crinoids-during-the-20th-century-and-the-3a5g4j1bcj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-early-classifications-of-the-crinoidea-2ojtykfx.png TABLE 1—Early classifications of the Crinoidea. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-examples-of-faunal-studies-of-crinoids-during-the-26rigdax.png TABLE 7—Examples of faunal studies of crinoids during the 1979–99 interval. Many more of these important studies are from outside North America and Europe than during previous intervals. Many more studies could also be cited. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-examples-of-faunal-studies-of-crinoids-during-the-74qwnimd.png TABLE 2—Examples of faunal studies of crinoids during the 1944–1978 interval that were responsible for expanding the systematic data base during this interval. Many others could also be cited. https://scispace.com/papers/the-substitution-role-of-audit-committee-effectiveness-and-1p42nn26xr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variable-measurement-3lhmlovt.png Table 1. Variable Measurement https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-3jtotho5.png Table 2. Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/papers/the-summer-plateau-low-pressure-system-of-mexico-whgq4ixp2f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-continued-agq2bcu0.png FIG. 6. Same as Fig. 3 with averages for Jul 1990 only. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-continued-stations-with-locations-given-by-a-triangle-2ti9euhd.png FIG. 3. (Continued ) Stations with locations given by a triangle have interpolated 850-mb temperatures. Surface elevations are denoted by shading as in Fig. 2: (a) 0000 UTC, (b) 1200 UTC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-same-as-fig-3-with-averages-for-jul-1990-only-3etjy1n0.png FIG. 6. Same as Fig. 3 with averages for Jul 1990 only. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-850-mb-heights-for-10-yr-of-jul-1985-95-from-2xbrzkcs.png FIG. 4. Average 850-mb heights for 10 yr of Jul (1985–95) from both radiosonde and surface data. Height contours are subjectively drawn every 10 m. Winds are 850-mb winds for radiosonde stations and surface winds for stations reporting surface data only. Surface elevations denoted by shading as in Fig. 2: (a) 0000 UTC, (b) 1200 UTC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-continued-1xhaxenl.png FIG. 5. (Continued ) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-surface-elevation-in-mexico-elevations-were-3dgiu2u2.png FIG. 1. Surface elevation in Mexico. Elevations were interpolated from a 10-min lat–long grid to a 27-km grid on a Mercator projection. Contour lines drawn every 250 m. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-variance-of-850-mb-heights-m2-for-the-month-3c5yivy4.png TABLE 1. Average variance of 850-mb heights (m2) for the month of Jul for radiosonde observations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-continued-13e8wixq.png FIG. 4. Average 850-mb heights for 10 yr of Jul (1985–95) from both radiosonde and surface data. Height contours are subjectively drawn every 10 m. Winds are 850-mb winds for radiosonde stations and surface winds for stations reporting surface data only. Surface elevations denoted by shading as in Fig. 2: (a) 0000 UTC, (b) 1200 UTC. https://scispace.com/papers/the-surface-salinity-maximum-of-the-south-atlantic-3cb054vr5t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-interannual-mixed-layer-salinity-and-b-monthly-1xkhuiqt.png Figure 2. a) interannual mixed layer salinity and b) monthly mean seasonal salinity in the mixed layer (both in practical salinity, psu) from ECCO (orange) and ARGO (blue) in the MSR (top) and MER (bottom). Note that the salinity scale is different for the top and bottom panels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-upper-200-m-mean-current-velocities-black-arrows-z7wq2fvp.png Figure 7. Upper 200 m mean current velocities (black arrows) for climatological a) late spring (ND) and b) early winter (MJJ). The red dot indicates the latitude of the SEC bifurcation and the black box the MSR region. Also shown are the launched particles locations and their salinity after leaving the MSR for a summer (a) and winter (b) experiment. The bottom panels show the annual mean volume transport (Sv) and salinity (psu) for two zonal sections (magenta lines) in c) 22°S delimited by coast and 38°W, d) 10°S delimited by the coast and 33.5°W. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sequence-of-10-years-advected-particles-forward-in-22ju3jew.png Figure 6. Sequence of 10 years advected particles forward in time leaving the MSR in June 1992. The color palette shows the salinity (psu) along particles trajectory. Black arrows illustrate the principal currents of the SAO and in grey (year 0) are the annual-mean surface (upper 20 m) streamlines. The black box indicates the MSR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-annual-and-seasonal-salinity-balance-psu-month-in-12nfoxzg.png Figure 4. Annual and seasonal salinity balance (psu/month) in the two regions of study. The upper panel shows the a) annual and b) seasonal terms of salinity balance equation for the MSR and the bottom panel the c) annual and d) seasonal terms for the MER. Advection (blue), Diffusion (orange), Entrainment (green) and Fw (red). Advection and diffusion components include the sum of their respective horizontal and vertical terms. The black curve in the right panels indicates the tendency term. It was not included in the left panels for clarity. Note that the salinity scale is different for the top and bottom panels. https://scispace.com/papers/the-surface-diurnal-warm-layer-in-the-indian-ocean-during-1f0l6biz98 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-scatterplot-of-daily-mean-oaflux-wind-speed-vs-1hr6ysgf.png FIG. 10. (a) Scatterplot of daily-mean OAFlux wind speed vs Meteosat-7-derived SWR, colored by T y. Color contours show the best-fit regression lines of Typredicted. (b) As in (a), but for T 0. The regression lines in (b) are calculated only using data from warm layer days. Points marked with a cross are days when a warm layer developed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-profiles-of-temperature-red-solid-line-salinity-3599q5ll.png FIG. 4. Mean profiles of temperature (red solid line), salinity (blue dashed line), and potential density (black thick line) from the optimally interpolated glider data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-depth-time-section-for-optimally-interpolated-glider-3hzrc3d3.png FIG. 5. Depth–time section for optimally interpolated glider temperature during November 2011. Contour interval is 0.28C. See legend for shading levels. Tick marks on the horizontal axis correspond to 0000 LST for each day. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-contingency-table-of-number-of-days-when-a-diurnal-1idxwwt4.png TABLE 1. Contingency table of number of days when a diurnal warm layer formed or did not form, against the state of the MJO (active or inactive). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-stacked-diurnal-cycles-of-a-t-0-b-t-y-and-c-dwl-the-1iq9dqjm.png FIG. 8. Stacked diurnal cycles of (a) T 0, (b) T y, and (c) dWL. The vertical bars, with pink and light purple shading, mirror the background in Fig. 2a and indicate the stages of theMJO (pink for active and light purple for inactive). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-percentage-of-days-when-a-diurnal-warm-layer-is-7o4avzht.png FIG. 11. (a) Percentage of days when a diurnal warm layer is predicted to occur. (b) Mean predicted T 0 on those warm layer days. (c) Mean predicted T 0 for all days in MJO phase 4. (d) As in (c), but for MJO phase 8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-time-mean-trmm-3b42-precipitation-rate-color-shading-1os5qycy.png FIG. 1. (a) Time-mean TRMM 3B42 precipitation rate (color shading; mmday21) and SST (blue line contours; interval of 18C) over the study period of glider deployment during CINDY/DYNAMO (1 Oct 2011–5 Jan 2012). The box shows the approximate location of the CINDY/DYNAMO study area. The thick white line along 788500E, between 18300 and 48S, shows the glider track. The white cross at 08, 808E shows the location of theR/VRoger Revelle. (b) Time–longitude diagram of TRMM 3B42 precipitation rate (mmday21), averaged from 158S to 158N. The thick black line shows the glider track. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-temperature-profiles-of-optimally-interpolated-cbeq7nqp.png FIG. 6. (a) Temperature profiles of optimally interpolated glider data every 3h from 0500 LST 3 Dec to 0200 LST 4 Dec 2011. The colors of the individual profiles correspond to the times (LST) in the legend. Note the discontinuity in the vertical axis at 10 and 30m. (b) Temperature profile of optimally interpolated glider data at 1700 LST 3 Dec 2011 (black solid line). The idealized three-layer (two-layer) model fitted to this profile is shown by the thick blue (dashed red) line. Annotations show the values of the layer temperatures and depths of interfaces between the layers. (c) Time series of warm layer temperature TWL (thick black solid line), mixed layer temperature TML (black dashed line), mixed layer temperature in two-layer model T0 (thin black solid line), temperature anomaly due to existence of warm layer T 0, and depth of warm layer dWL (red solid line) during 3 Dec 2011. https://scispace.com/papers/the-surprising-politics-of-anti-immigrant-prejudice-how-rm4e3bgd9x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-effect-of-immigrant-race-on-attribution-of-28lieyag.png Figure 1: The effect of immigrant race on attribution of secondary emotions, according to political conservatism. https://scispace.com/papers/the-sydney-language-notebooks-and-responses-to-language-t2jmzlvv6i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-verb-paradigm-from-dawes-notebook-1b5vv0un.png Table 1: A verb paradigm from Dawes Notebook https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sydney-language-consonant-phonemes-s9jn1mmm.png Table 2: Sydney language consonant phonemes https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sydney-language-vowel-phonemes-15hsbi14.png Table 3: Sydney language vowel phonemes https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-borrowings-from-english-into-the-sydney-language-1lvt6m52.png Table 5: Borrowings from English into the Sydney language https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-borrowings-into-australian-english-from-the-sydney-32cj2a7c.png Table 6: Borrowings into Australian English from the Sydney language (Spellings and meanings for Australian English from The Australian National Dictionary.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-contact-induced-coinages-in-the-sydney-language-3m4i7ylj.png Table 4: Contact induced coinages in the Sydney language https://scispace.com/papers/the-susceptibility-of-glacigenic-deposits-to-liquefaction-4nhg4sl9lo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figs-1a-1b-palaeogeographical-reconstructions-for-various-2dobdn3v.png Figs 1a & 1b Palaeogeographical reconstructions for various stages of glaciation on the Cumbrian coast. Note: The dates provided in Figs 1a and 1b are derived from uncalibrated radiocarbon ages and must be interpreted with caution (reproduced with permission from Figs 8 & 9, Merritt & Auton 2000). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-generic-description-of-sellafield-quaternary-2ik3ach1.png Table 1. Generic description of Sellafield Quaternary Sequence (Cooper et al. 1999) https://scispace.com/papers/the-syllable-in-the-light-of-motor-skills-and-neural-d8pql3bkcg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schema-of-putative-relationships-between-acoustic-1188knob.png Figure 2: Schema of putative relationships between acoustic rhythms, neural oscillations and motor knowledge letting syllables emerge from this set of interactions. Solid arrows mark relationships that are reasonably well accepted; dotted arrows mark relationships that could be object of future studies and developments in the field. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-syllable-structure-in-the-classical-linguistic-ml593wnp.png Figure 1: A. Syllable structure in the classical linguistic literature. B. Syllable structure as an acoustic-phonetic sequence of increasing-decreasing sonority. C = consonant, V = vowel. https://scispace.com/papers/the-synthesis-of-a-symmetrically-substituted-a-octa-2n6go9mc9w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cyclic-voltammogram-of-1-in-ch2cl2-ag-agcl-aq-0-1-m-29dq25fn.png Fig. 2 Cyclic voltammogram of 1 in CH2Cl2, Ag/AgCl (aq.), 0.1 m Bu4NPF6, 500 mV s21, Vinit. = 2600 mV. Four quasi-reversible redox events at E1/2 = 21279, 21039, 35 and 366 mV are observed. The E1/2 of ferrocene was found to be 514 mV under these conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-absorption-spectrum-of-1-in-toluene-2uzymt50.png Fig. 1 The absorption spectrum of 1 in toluene https://scispace.com/papers/the-taxonomic-status-and-the-geographical-relationships-of-54ny9vil85 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-strict-consensus-tree-of-three-most-parsimonious-mpn0gcrn.png Figure 1. Strict consensus tree of three most parsimonious trees obtained (RI 5 1, CI 5 1). Bootstrap support values (MP and NJ) and posterior probabilities (Bayes) are given below the branches. The branching pattern reflects the geographical origin of the samples and not the hypothetical species boundaries. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pairwise-differences-observed-in-the-combined-data-2oizb0ay.png Table 2. Pairwise differences observed in the combined data set (ITS, trnG intron, trnM–trnV region). It is clearly visible that the variability within geografical regions (continental Spain/Canary Islands and Madeira/Azores) is low (values given in bold numbers) compared with the values between regions. The values do not reflect the hypothetical species limits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-haplotype-tree-and-nested-clade-design-for-the-2g46y3cp.png Figure 2. Haplotype tree and nested clade design for the combined ITS-cpDNA data. The first number of the clades indicates the step-length (one-, two- or three-step clades). Hypothetical intermediate haplotypes that were not actually found are given as black squares. Fragmentation occurs between subclades 2-1 and 2-2, separating Canary Islands and Madeira from the Azores, and between clade 3-1 and 3-2, separating the island specimens from the Spanish mainland samples. https://scispace.com/papers/the-tax-system-in-norway-1tf63j9m5u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tax-mix-by-source-w456tog7.png Figure 6. Tax mix by source https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-tax-shares-in-gdp-per-cent-1997-kdf7x0nz.png Table 5. Tax shares in GDP Per cent, 1997 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-government-spending-3auz6i39.png Figure 1. Government spending https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-funding-of-local-government-1999-33xbqlu9.png Table 6. Funding of local government 1999 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-tax-revenues-by-level-of-government-1997-3ikbxmu8.png Table 7. Tax revenues by level of government 1997 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statutory-tax-rates-by-government-level-and-income-19ewngj5.png Table 1. Statutory tax rates by government level and income source1 As a per cent of relevant taxable base https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-marginal-effective-tax-rates-on-additional-income-125np1t3.png Table 2. Marginal effective tax rates on additional income for different family types1 1997 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-after-tax-income-distribution-per-cent-xm1qp2t6.png Table 4. After-tax income distribution Per cent https://scispace.com/papers/the-technological-infrastructure-of-science-comments-on-2rwm5ixeht 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3aaa26iv.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-technology-of-co2-sequestration-by-mineral-carbonation-2st9pd4gd2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-geological-cross-section-of-the-carbfix-injection-1auym6bu.png Figure 2. Geological cross-section of the CarbFix injection site 25 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-locations-of-continental-basalts-that-could-serve-2y6b4qd2.png Figure 1. Locations of continental basalts that could serve as in-situ mineral carbonation sites 24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematic-representation-of-the-typical-aa-route-as-lcdfuzdy.png Figure 6. Schematic representation of the typical ÅA route (AS: (NH4)2SO4) 77 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-schematic-representation-of-the-co2-energy-6nv1y9tp.png Figure 5. (a) Schematic representation of the CO2 Energy Reactor ©6 and (b) Lab-scale Energy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-diagram-of-the-internal-grinding-system-27kq3t2h.png Figure 4. Schematic diagram of the internal grinding system 66 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mechanism-depiction-of-in-situ-grinding-direct-39bss46j.png Figure 3. Mechanism depiction of in-situ grinding direct aqueous mineral carbonation https://scispace.com/papers/the-temperature-dependence-of-hysteretic-processes-in-co-4ut8yzwjnc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-dependence-with-the-temperature-of-2h8e0mph.png FIG. 2. Color online The dependence with the temperature of the axial stresses induced in the nanowire at the end of the cooling process a and magnetoelastic anisotropy field b . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-radial-distribution-of-the-temperature-in-the-316sfm6m.png FIG. 1. The radial distribution of the temperature in the cross section of the system at the time t=0.0001 fs and three values of the nanowire’s radius: 0.5, 0.7, and 1 nm. The radius of the system is R2=1.5 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-temperature-dependence-of-the-302ajghp.png FIG. 3. Color online The temperature dependence of the histeresis loop: a without stresses and b with stresses. FIG. 4. Color online The temperature dependence of the remanent magnetization a and coercitive field b calculated considering thermal stresses and without thermal stresses. https://scispace.com/papers/the-temperature-dependence-of-the-cross-section-for-the-4kpkemjbbm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-fluorescence-intensityi3-2-of-the-optically-67i45koz.png Figure 4. The fluorescence intensityI3/2 of the optically thin blue wing of the Na D2 line monitored at the fixed detuning from the line centre and the intensityI569 of the energy pooling line at 568.9 nm (4D→ 3P3/2 transition) measured in dependence on the applied pump power. All relevant experimental conditions (temperature, argon pressure, pump frequencyνL) were kept constant and the pump power was reduced in steps using neutral density filters. The data show that the D2 wing intensity, which in the conditions at hand reflects 3P3/2 population density, scales in linear proportion with the applied pump power. The intensity of the energy pooling line exhibits I569 ∝ I23/2 behaviour in the whole range of the applied pump powers, confirming that the full pump power caused no detectable trapping of the 568.9 nm radiation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-partial-term-diagram-of-sodium-energy-levels-and-1i5ir1px.png Figure 2. Partial term diagram of sodium. Energy levels and the processes involved in the determination of the rate coefficientk4D for the Na(3P) + Na(3P) → Na(4D) + Na(3S) energy pooling are depicted. Numerical values represent the wavelengths in nanometres and the spontaneous emission coefficients in 108 s−1 (in brackets) for the relevant transitions.C andD are the rates for 4D↔ 4F mixing due to collisions with the ground-state sodium and argon atoms. To excite sodium atoms to the 3P state the dye laser was tuned to the red in the wing of the D1 line. The fluorescence was observed at the transitions indicated with hollow arrows. The population density in the 3P3/2 state was determined by measuring absorption at the 3P3/2→ 3D3/2,5/2 transition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-fluorescence-spectra-measured-by-scanning-the-1lwst93s.png Figure 3. The fluorescence spectra measured by scanning the monochromator, while the dye laser was locked at the wavelength detuned by1λL to the red from the centre of the Na D1 line; 1λ (1λ & 0.5 nm) denotes detunings at which the D2 blue wing fluorescence intensities, used in the evaluation of the results, were taken. The presented fluorescence spectra were measured with full pump power applied (P0 = 90 mW), at the sodium ground-state number density N3S = 3.3× 1015 cm−3 andT = 654 K. The displayed spectra are not corrected for the spectral response of the system. The inset shows the 3P3/2→ 3D absorption spectra measured for different applied pump powers. The number density in the 3P3/2 state created with the pump powerP0/8 was 5× 109 cm−3, which yielded the population of 4× 1010 cm−3 corresponding to theP0. The spectra are calibrated by transmission peaks of the Fabry–Perot interferometer that are separated by 2 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-cross-sections4d-for-the-energy-pooling-process-2879zbjj.png Figure 7. The cross sectionσ4D for the energy pooling process Na(3P) + Na(3P) → Na(4D) + Na(3S), as a function of temperature. Experimental data are labelled with symbols:4—Allegrini et al (1983), —Huennekens and Gallagher (1983),—present work. Theoretical calculations are represented with curves (data are digitized from the figures in the original papers, except for Kowalczyk (1984) who tabulated the values): dot—Yurovaet al (1994), dash—Geltman (1989), dash-dot—Kowalczyk (1984). The full curve is the Arrhenius-type fitσ4D ∼ σ∞ exp(−1E/kT ), through the present experimental data. The inset shows the results for theσ4D obtained by solving equation (18) for a series ofI3/2 along the wing of the D2 line. Measurements were conducted atN3S = 3.3× 1015 cm−3 (T = 654 K), for three different 3P3/2 number densities realized by exciting the sodium atoms at different detunings1νL in the wing: —Nc3P3/2 = 4× 1010 cm−3,◦—Nc3P3/2 = 5.6× 1010 cm−3,5—Nc3P3/2 = 1.4× 1011 cm−3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-spatial-distributionf3-2-r-of-the-sodium-atoms-2trg6zzi.png Figure 6. The spatial distributionF3/2(r)of the sodium atoms excited to the 3P3/2 state, normalized to unity atr = 0. The dashed curve is obtained by fitting the data to the Gaussian profile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-arrangement-rdl-ring-dye-laser-m-31p1jnjl.png Figure 1. Experimental arrangement. RDL—ring-dye laser, M—monochromator, L—lens, m— mirror, PD—photodiode, LD—laser diode, WM—wavemeter, FP—Fabry–Perot interferometer. The depicted inclination of the diode laser beams within the vapour column is largely exaggerated. The inset illustrates the orientation (after reflection on mirror—m) of the observed excitation zone fragment (2R = 0.4 cm,1z ∼ 1 cm,1x = 0.02 cm;1x is defined by the monochromator entrance slit widthw = 0.01 cm and 1:2 imaging ratio) relative to the monochromator entrance slit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-fluorescence-intensities-corrected-for-18zd6ilz.png Figure 5. The fluorescence intensities (corrected for corresponding Boltzmann factors to enable comparison with theoretical absorption profiles—see equations (12), (15), (A4) and (A5)) of the outer wings of the sodium resonance doublet in dependence on the detuning from the respective line centre:◦—blue wing of the D2 line, —red wing of the D1 line. Theoretical absorption profiles (normalized by the measured wing intensity values at1ν = 800 GHz (1λ = 0.9 nm)) are represented by full and dashed lines. https://scispace.com/papers/the-temporal-evolution-of-the-energy-flux-across-scales-in-3rfh8w49oq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-derivative-of-q-uiui-2-with-respect-to-r-the-dashed-2icq0j33.png FIG. 4. (a) Derivative of q = ũiũi/2 with respect to r. The dashed line corresponds to ε 2/3r−1/3. (b) Energy content within a band of scales between r and r + ∆r, where ∆r goes from a given r to the next bigger r in the plotted series. ∆q = 1 2 ũiũi(r +∆r)− 12 ũiũi(r). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-e1-3-tr-ra-r-2-3-a-against-r-ra-2-3-1-where-tr-ra-is-3twmonuo.png FIG. 5. ε1/3∆tr→ra/r 2/3 a against (r/ra) 2/3 − 1, where ∆tr→ra is the average delay between 〈Σ(r)〉 and 〈Σ(ra)〉, with r > ra. Symbols as in Table III. The solid line corresponds to Eq. (6) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-ratio-phf-phb-of-forward-to-reverse-energy-flux-1l3wki7o.png TABLE II. Ratio ΦF /ΦB of forward to reverse energy flux. Numbers in parentheses are the corresponding volume ratios, ∫ ∞ 0 ρ (Σ) dΣ/ ∫ 0 −∞ ρ (Σ) dΣ . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-of-the-simulations-rel-is-the-reynolds-2xjjx2ig.png TABLE I. Parameters of the simulations. Reλ is the Reynolds number based on the Taylormicroscale. Ni and Li are the number of real Fourier modes and the domain size in directions i = x, y, z. Length scales are η = ( ν3/ε )1/4 and Lo = K 3/2 /ε. Times are normalized by To = K/ε. Tsimu is the simulation time, and ∆ttot is the average delay between 〈K〉 and 〈ε〉. TKK is an autocorrelation time for 〈K〉, defined in the text. K = uiui/2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-top-probability-density-functions-pdfs-of-s-in-hit2-3dvri0iy.png FIG. 1. Top: probability density functions (PDFs) of Σ in HIT2, normalised by the standard deviation Σ′. (a) Gaussian filter. (b) Sharp filter. Bottom: weighted PDF, whose integral defines ΦF and ΦB . (c) Gaussian filter. (d) Sharp filter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-symbol-legend-for-figs-3-and-5-ra-e-10a-6-p-so-3j2tdnlz.png TABLE III. Symbol legend for Figs. 3 and 5. ra/η = 10a √ 6/π so that r 1 ≈ 8η, r 2 ≈ 16η, etc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-temporal-evolution-of-spatially-averaged-quantities-83nze5g0.png FIG. 2. (a) Temporal evolution of spatially-averaged quantities, centered and normalized by their standard deviation; HIT2. (b) Cross-correlation curves between time series of 〈Σ〉 at various filter widths and between 〈K〉 and 〈ε〉; HIT2. (c) Time-scale diagram of 〈Σ〉, with r decreasing from top to bottom and 〈ε〉 added as the bottom band; HIT3 with r/η values from Table II. The dash-dotted line corresponds to ε1/3∆t = (250η)2/3 − r2/3 - see Eq. (6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-delay-between-s-and-e-measured-either-as-the-one-n89dydhn.png FIG. 3. (a) Delay between 〈Σ〉 and 〈ε〉, measured either as the one-step delay, or as the sum of two intermediate steps involving ra. (b) Ratio between two- and one-step delays. See Table III for symbols of ra and flow. https://scispace.com/papers/the-temporal-relationship-between-per-capita-alcohol-ao7u6ny5zs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-approaches-to-selecting-lag-specifications-3qrgehe8.png Table 1: Approaches to selecting lag specifications https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proposed-time-lag-specifications-for-chronic-alcohol-2xjswgpg.png Table 2: Proposed time lag specifications for chronic alcohol-related health arms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-prisma-flow-diagram-of-review-results-xrpttnkq.png Figure 2: PRISMA Flow diagram of review results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-accumulation-of-effect-as-described-by-lag-158vtptd.png Figure 3: Accumulation of effect as described by lag specifications in liver cirrhosis studies (where sufficient specifications were provid d) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-accumulation-of-effect-as-described-by-the-lag-awu30muv.png Figure 4: Accumulation of effect as described by the lag specifications in ischaemic heart disease studies (where sufficient spec fications were provided) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-accumulation-of-effect-under-different-lag-3h5vmpnd.png Figure 5: Accumulation of effect under different lag structures for a twenty year lag period https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-lag-specifications-for-the-effect-of-1w89bivu.png Figure 1: Time lag specifications for the effect of consumption change on harm https://scispace.com/papers/the-temporal-patterns-of-disease-severity-and-prevalence-in-17pmfniyk6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bifurcation-curves-of-model-7-and-level-curves-of-time-1ewvy7rd.png FIG. 4. Bifurcation curves of model (7) and level curves of time-averaged mean worm burden in the parameter space ðb; vÞ. The black solid line represents the transcritical bifurcation curve (TC) that separates the region where the disease-free equilibrium X0 is stable from the region where the endemic equilibrium Xþ is feasible and stable. The black dashed line represents the Hopf bifurcation curve (H) that delimits the region where the model displays stable periodic solutions. Grey lines represent the level curves of the mean worm burden for P=H ¼ 1; 10; 100; 1000 parasites/individual. Points (a)–(b)–(c) represent the combination of parameters (b; v) used for the simulations shown in the left panels of Fig. 3. All other parameters as in Table I. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulation-of-the-model-with-nonvanishing-disease-38i3249h.png FIG. 5. Simulation of the model with nonvanishing disease-induced mortality and corresponding 1D bifurcation diagram. Numerical solutions of model (6) showing limit cycles obtained with (a) a¼ 0 (point (c) in Fig. 4), or (b) a¼ 1.1 10–7/day and k¼ 0.243. (c) Temporal patterns of mean worm burden P(t)/N(t) for the two cases (black: a¼ 0; grey: a> 0). (d) Mean worm burden P/N as a function of a, for b and v as in points (b) (dashed line) and (c) (solid line) of Fig. 4. Grey shading as in Fig. 3. All other parameters as in Table I. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schistosoma-life-cycle-a-paired-adult-worms-larger-j9v7nk8o.png FIG. 1. Schistosoma life cycle. (a) Paired adult worms (larger male enfolding slender female). (b) Eggs (left to right, S. mansoni, S. japonicum, S. haematobium). (c) Ciliated miracidium. (d) Intermediate host snails (left to right, Biomphalaria, Bulinus, Oncomelania). (e) Cercaria. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-investigation-of-the-timevarying-version-of-model-7-a-12rg5e7d.png FIG. 6. Investigation of the timevarying version of model (7). (a) 1D bifurcation diagram computed for ¼ 0 (black line) or ¼ 0:1 (grey line). Grey shading as in Fig. 3. (b) Bifurcation diagram in the parameter space ð ; 0Þ displaying supercritical (PD1, PD2) and subcritical ðPDsub1 Þ period-doubling bifurcations, Neimark-Sacker bifurcation (NS), and tangent of cycles bifurcation (LPC2). Diagrams are computed for b ¼ 10 5 and v ¼ 10 5. All other parameters as in Table I. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-yearly-and-monthly-occurrence-of-schistosomiasis-in-i4dluhz6.png FIG. 2. Yearly and monthly occurrence of schistosomiasis in South Africa and Ethiopia. (a) Overall yearly prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis amongst patients attending the main hospitals in the Vhembe district of Limpopo Province, South Africa, between 1998 and 2004. (b) Overall yearly number of S. mansoni patients between 1999 and 2008 from the only hospital in Wonji, Ethiopia. (c) Occurrence of S. haematobium in urine samples submitted for urinary tract infections to the laboratory of the Vhembe district hospitals between 2001 and 2003. (d) Monthly data of the number of S. mansoni patients in Wonji between 1999 and 2001. Data elaborated from Samie et al.5 (panels (a) and (c)) and Xue et al.6 (panels (b) and (d)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-strange-attractors-of-model-7-a-state-reconstruction-1n060y7e.png FIG. 7. Strange attractors of model (7). (a) State reconstruction of the mean worm burden and infected snails, (b) peak-to-peak map, and (c) power spectrum of the mean worm burden time series for the strange attractor originated via cascade of period-doubling bifurcations (point (i) of Fig. 6; ¼ 0:2; 0 ¼ 0:6/day). (d)–(e)–(f) As in (a)–(b)–(c) for the strange attractor originated via torus breakdown (point (ii) of Fig. 6; ¼ 0:035; 0 ¼ 0:15/day). Time-varying model’s behaviors are investigated for b ¼ 10 5 and v ¼ 10 5. All other parameters as in Table I. https://scispace.com/papers/the-terminology-of-survival-modeling-an-insight-and-c2d0qcoitg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-history-of-the-development-of-distance-education-1rnqjyil.png Figure 1. History of the development of distance education. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-conceptual-model-of-failure-rate-in-distance-1drlv5vt.png Figure 4. Conceptual model of failure rate in Distance Education https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-roadmap-for-survival-analysis-78ze4afj.png Figure 6. Roadmap for Survival Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-technology-based-on-characteristics-in-distance-wriepthd.png Table 1. Technology-Based on Characteristics in Distance Education https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cases-of-student-academic-track-during-lecture-at-2t3sfsfj.png Figure 5. Cases of Student Academic Track during Lecture at Open Distance Education https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distance-education-online-education-open-and-28pb8s9f.png Figure 2. Distance Education, Online Education, Open and Distance Education https://scispace.com/papers/the-theory-of-trade-policy-and-trade-agreements-a-critique-3na8z8f816 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-political-support-dominance-1saxkk2v.png Figure 1 Political-Support Dominance https://scispace.com/papers/the-test-retest-reliability-of-four-functional-mobility-53sp2rzyq8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-between-session-performance-differences-for-the-14e0g2no.png Table 1. Between session performance differences for the Timed up and go (TUG), Five 487 times sit to stand (FTSTS) and Stair climb test (SCT). 488 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-reliability-data-for-the-6-minute-walk-test-6mwt-512-2y722vyv.png Table 4. Reliability data for the 6 minute walk test (6MWT) 512 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-between-session-performance-and-physiological-2fvfk5jm.png Table 3. Between session performance and physiological differences for the 6 minute 507 walk test (6MWT). 508 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reliability-data-for-the-timed-up-and-go-tug-five-c58g8vcn.png Table 2. Reliability data for the Timed up and go (TUG), Five times sit to stand 496 (FTSTS) and Stair climb test (SCT). 497 https://scispace.com/papers/the-theoretical-mortality-risk-of-an-asymptomatic-patient-3ewcufszdn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-reported-case-fatality-rates-and-estimated-infection-1rgro3aa.png Table I. Reported case fatality rates and estimated infection fatality rate worldwide. https://scispace.com/papers/the-thermodynamics-of-optical-etendue-4gafxzao7h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-entropy-per-photon-s-equation-11-in-units-of-206i0szm.png Figure 1. The entropy per photon s (equation (11)), in units of the Boltzmann constant kB, as a function of the photon flux Ṅ , in units of Eγ (hν0 = 1.42 eV, corresponding to gallium arsenide). The dotted line gives the ideal-gas approximation (equation (15)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-maximum-open-circuit-voltage-of-the-hot-2ws7fx8z.png Figure 4. The maximum open circuit voltage of the hot-electron cell as a function of the bandgap hν0, predicted by the present model (full line). The dashed line shows the voltage given by equation (20) for a black-body approximation to solar radiation (Tin = 6000 K; https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-energy-separation-between-the-bandgap-hn0-and-1paaej5v.png Figure 3. The energy separation between the bandgap hν0 and the chemical potential μ (equation (10), full line), with the ideal-gas approximation (equation (14), dotted line). Other parameters as in figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-difference-u-hn0-between-the-energy-per-photon-21i03ahm.png Figure 2. The difference u − hν0 between the energy per photon (equation (11)) and the bandgap (full line) with the ideal-gas approximation (equation (16), dotted line). Other parameters as in figure 1. https://scispace.com/papers/the-thermal-phase-curve-offset-on-tidally-and-nontidally-n67frr1sov 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-phase-curve-offset-for-varying-substellar-velocity-eekp09dm.png Figure 6. Phase curve offset for varying substellar velocity. Increasing brightness lines show the magnitude of offset as rotation rate Ω is increased from1 10 s7 1´ - - to 5 10 s4 1´ - - . The phase curve offset is measured from the substellar point at 0x = . The point at which the substellar point is moving at Kelvin wave speed, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-steady-state-geopotential-and-integrated-phase-hm9i03p4.png Figure 7. Steady-state geopotential and integrated phase curves of fast rotation and slow westward forcing propagation. The initially westward offset of the Rossby https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-equilibrium-profile-heq-represents-the-heating-3o8czqde.png Figure 1. Equilibrium profile heq represents the heating effect as a thickening of the geopotential of the upper atmosphere. Where the stellar insolation irradiates the dayside of the planet, the geopotential gh is forced toward a deeper equilibrium depth. The rate at which the geopotential is forced toward the equilibrium profile is determined by the radiative cooling timescale radt . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-tidally-locked-hot-spot-offset-with-varying-fluid-vss8ckor.png Figure 8. Tidally locked hot spot offset with varying fluid depth and constant 5 dayst = , as a function of inverse planetary Rossby number. The curves show results for different fluid depths, gH, with a constant frictional timescale 5 dayst = , such that the ratio wavet t increases with increasing fluid depth. As wavet t increases, the magnitude of the tidally locked hot spot offset increases and the transition from eastward to westward offset occurs at a slower rotation rate, that is, at a smaller inverse planetary Rossby number. Compare to Figure 9, where the ratio wavet t is kept constant at a value of 2.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-tidally-locked-hot-spot-offset-with-varying-fluid-3jr06dgz.png Figure 9. Tidally locked hot spot offset with varying fluid depth and constant 2.1wavet t = as a function of inverse planetary Rossby number. The various curves show results with different fluid depths, gH, but with drag timescale ratio kept constant, 2.1wavet t = (using gH 1000 m s2 2= - , 5 dayst = as a reference; black line). The hot spot offset observed is consistent across all experiments with the same inverse planetary Rossby number. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-regime-diagrams-of-substellar-point-velocity-and-3311p7jy.png Figure 11. Regime diagrams of substellar point velocity and hot spot offset as a function of orbital rate, Γ, and rotation rate, Ω. A planet is tidally locked whenW = G— marked by a black line along the diagonal. The top panels show the hot spot offset given by the shallow water model in either the reference frame of (a) prograde/ retrograde offset, relative to the rotation vector, or (b) leading/lagging offset, relative to the motion of the substellar point. Panel (c) plots substellar point velocity from Equation (6). Panel (d) shows the hot spot location, relative to the substellar point, for the complete ,W G( ) space. The zero contour, when the hot spot is at the substellar point, is shown with the dashed black line in panels (a), (b), and (d). Empty regions far from the diagonal are outside the range of substellar velocities tested. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-blow-up-of-figure-11-a-around-a-gh-2g-given-an-1k3bfk0y.png Figure 12. Blow-up of Figure 11(a) around a gH 2G = . Given an observed https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-contours-of-the-equilibrium-profile-heq-it-is-3eyj5yjd.png Figure 2. Contours of the equilibrium profile heq. It is stationary in latitude f and substellar longitude ξ with chines at 2p corresponding to the dawn and dusk terminators. https://scispace.com/papers/the-thermoelastic-behavior-of-clintonite-up-to-10-gpa-and-1-1ll0xwqa5v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-of-supplementary-material-we-obtained-1es5b25l.png Table 4 of supplementary material, we obtained: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-crystal-structure-of-clintonite-based-on-the-single-3pxi9hnf.png Fig. 1 Crystal structure of clintonite, based on the single-crystal structure refinement at room P/T of this study, and orientation of the unit-strain ellipsoids with DP = 10.1 GPa (green) and DT = 935 C (orange) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evolution-of-the-unit-cell-parameters-of-clintonite-k8ofdisf.png Fig. 4 Evolution of the unit-cell parameters of clintonite with temperature. For a, b, c, and V, the solid lines represent the fit of the equation V(T) & V0[1 ? a0(T-T0) ? 2a1(T 1/2-T0 1/2)] to the V-T data and l(T) & l0[1 ? a0(T-T0) ? 2a1(T 1/2-T0 1/2)] to the (a, b, c)-T data, respectively https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolution-of-the-lattice-parameters-of-clintonite-with-2p25uy5r.png Fig. 2 Evolution of the lattice parameters of clintonite with pressure; the solid lines represent the BM-EoS fit for the a, b, and c-axis and for the unit-cell volume (see text for details) and the weighted polynomial regression through the data points for the b-angle. Evolution of the ‘‘normalized stress’’ (Fe = P/[3fe(1?2fe)5/2]) versus Eulerian finite strain (fe = [(V0/V) 2/3-1]/2); the solid line is a weighted linear fit through the data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-evolution-of-the-polyhedral-volume-with-pressure-of-3qzbso8x.png Fig. 3 Evolution of the polyhedral volume with pressure of the Ca, M1, and M2 polyhedra; for the Ca-polyhedron, the solid line represents the BM-EoS fit. Evolution of the ditrigonal distortion angle a with P up to 7.8 GPa (the data point at 10.1 GPa is out of trend) https://scispace.com/papers/the-thought-action-fusion-scale-further-evidence-for-its-pzcegqgj72 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-scores-standard-deviations-are-given-between-14t4gtvc.png Table 1 Mean scores (standard deviations are given between parentheses) and alphas for the TAF-scale, MOCI, PI, BDI, and CEQ (N=285)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-the-taf-scale-and-the-moci-pi-296bx2wo.png Table 2 Correlations between the TAF-scale and the MOCI, PI, BDI, and CEQ (N=285)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-taf-scores-and-standard-deviations-for-students-366thdzj.png Table 3 Mean TAF-scores (and standard deviations) for students (N=285), normal controls (N=20), OCD patients (N=30), and patients with other anxiety disorders (N=41)a https://scispace.com/papers/the-thoracic-surface-anatomy-of-adult-black-south-africans-a-4e3wojfmls 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-of-the-level-and-position-of-thoracic-3d48h6ph.png Table 6: Comparison of the level and position of thoracic structures.   Vertebral https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-comparison-of-the-levels-that-the-ivc-esophagus-and-13flzmjw.png Table 7: Comparison of the levels that the IVC, esophagus and aorta pierce the diaphragm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-the-level-through-which-thoracic-1k3iurpg.png Table 5: Summary of the level through which thoracic structures pass through the diaphragm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relationship-of-the-formation-of-the-left-and-right-3f5nd61n.png Table 2: Relationship of the formation of the left and right BCV to the ipsilateral sternoclavicular joint (most common frequency in bold). https://scispace.com/papers/the-three-phase-contact-line-shape-and-eccentricity-effect-3tt9iuaeq5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-three-quarter-of-equilibrium-drop-shape-with-from-top-3sms8kc8.png Fig. 8 Three-quarter of equilibrium drop shape with . From top to bottom, the effects of increasing the pillars eccentricity are shown, i.e. (a-d) and (e-h), while from left to right, the effects of increasing the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-axisymmetric-drop-shape-on-a-hydrophobic-surface-ei7rrni8.png Fig. 7 Axisymmetric drop shape on a hydrophobic surface https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-geometrical-parameters-of-the-fabricated-pdms-square-2b5tboox.png Table 1 Geometrical parameters of the fabricated PDMS square micropillars ( 75 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representative-sem-images-of-the-fabricated-pillars-a-1wpku2gt.png Fig. 1 Representative SEM images of the fabricated pillars: (a) Top view of the micropillars with coordinates and geometrical parameters used in 60 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-contact-angle-versus-viewing-angle-at-ulrv0qaa.png Fig. 3 Experimental contact angle versus viewing angle at different values of normalized eccentricity and relative pillar spacing . (a) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-typical-images-of-the-contact-angle-anisotropy-of-the-2eq273rd.png Fig. 2 Typical images of the contact angle anisotropy of the micropillar surfaces ( and ) of a single droplet by rotating the sample from in step increment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-percentage-of-anisotropic-wetting-versus-normalized-3exzr6e6.png Fig. 4 Percentage of anisotropic wetting versus normalized eccentricity at different values of relative pillar spacing . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-percentage-of-the-degree-of-anisotropic-droplet-ljm6zy7h.png Fig. 5 Percentage of the degree of anisotropic droplet distortion versus normalized eccentricity at different values of relative pillar spacing . https://scispace.com/papers/the-threshold-hypothesis-revisited-bilingual-lexical-3acdj262ku 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-productive-vocabulary-scores-in-turkish-and-english-20eipcos.png Table 2 Productive vocabulary scores in Turkish and English https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-bilingual-iq-scores-according-to-parental-dominance-2ywl9nlb.png Figure 7 Bilingual IQ scores according to parental dominance preferences and monolingual control groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-development-of-iq-scores-bilinguals-according-to-2m3t3pa5.png Figure 8 Development of IQ scores bilinguals according to their parental language dominance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-receptive-vocabulary-x-lex-scores-in-turkish-and-te1haws7.png Figure 1 Receptive vocabulary (X-lex scores) in Turkish and English by age https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-iq-scores-of-children-and-reported-language-use-by-1o64l202.png Table 5 IQ scores of children and reported language use by parents https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-receptive-vocabulary-scores-in-turkish-and-english-1iimyfs4.png Table 1 Receptive vocabulary scores in Turkish and English https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-conceptual-productive-vocabulary-of-bilinguals-and-3lbun22r.png Figure 6 Conceptual productive vocabulary of bilinguals and control groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bilingual-and-monolingual-scores-for-receptive-3c29xhve.png Figure 4 Bilingual and monolingual scores for receptive vocabulary in English (X-lex) https://scispace.com/papers/the-three-body-parameter-for-efimov-states-in-lithium-6-49e4dr1yrd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-of-fits-for-the-excited-state-efimov-19j7qgy2.png TABLE I. Results of fits for the excited-state Efimov resonance, obtained from the two sets of measurements presented in Fig. 1. The fits using a logarithmic L3 scale are indicated by “log” in the first column. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-fitted-values-for-k-corresponding-to-the-j4jcoeo8.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Fitted values for κ∗ corresponding to the third column in Table I. The dashed line indicates the final result κ∗ = 0.00678(6)a−10 , as obtained from a weighted average of the four data points of the low-temperature data set (set A; blue squares), and the gray-shaded region shows the corresponding uncertainty. The high-temperature data set (set B; red circles) is not used to derive the final value, but within the uncertainties the values are fully consistent with the result from data set A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-finite-temperature-fits-to-the-excited-x9i6ahts.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Finite-temperature fits to the excited-state Efimov resonance. The experimental results obtained for L3 in Ref. [16] for two different temperatures are plotted as blue squares (set A, 30 nK) and red circles (set B, 180 nK). The amplitude scaling factor λ is of the order of 1, see the text. The corresponding solid lines are the fixed-temperature fits to both data sets, carried out on a linear scale (see first and fifth rows in Table I). The black dashed curve is calculated for the zero-temperature limit using the parameters from the fixed-temperature fit to the 30 nK set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-dependence-of-the-fitted-values-for-k-on-39to4hyj.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Dependence of the fitted values for κ∗ on the cutoff scattering length amin for the ground-state Efimov resonance. The blue squares and red circles refer to fits performed with linear and logarithmic L3 scales, respectively. The error bars represent the 1σ uncertainties from the individual fits. The horizontal dashed line marks the value of κ∗ obtained from the excited-state Efimov resonance. The gray-shaded region marks the corresponding error range. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-fits-to-the-ground-state-efimov-mk77hsnz.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Fits to the ground-state Efimov resonances. All three panels show the same experimental data on the loss rate coefficient L3 from Ref. [14], where the squares, circles, and triangles refer to losses measured in the lowest three spin states. The theoretical curves represent our fits to the data on a linear scale. The solid lines indicate the region used for the fit in which all three scattering lengths are larger than the cutoff value amin. The dashed lines extrapolate the theory to regions not used for the fit. https://scispace.com/papers/the-ties-that-bind-ethnicity-pro-government-militia-and-the-2eybulqd2q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cox-proportional-hazard-models-epgms-and-conflict-2o1s9jto.png Table 4: Cox Proportional Hazard Models: EPGMs, and Conflict Duration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kaplan-meier-survivor-function-model-12-2k1auydx.png Figure 2: Kaplan-Meier survivor function– Model 12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predicted-monthly-battlefield-deaths-1ammn3dd.png Figure 2: Kaplan-Meier survivor function– Model 12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-global-distribution-of-co-ethnic-pgms-presence-1981-5rwmqzlf.png Figure 1: Global Distribution of Co-ethnic PGMs Presence 1981-2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-negative-binomial-regression-models-conflict-2s3p51vg.png Table 2: Negative binomial regression models – Conflict Intensity https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cox-proportional-hazard-models-epgms-and-conflict-30l350pr.png Table 3: Cox Proportional Hazard Models: EPGMs, and Conflict Duration https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-negative-binomial-regression-models-conflict-2r6hb39p.png Table 1: Negative binomial regression models – Conflict Intensity https://scispace.com/papers/the-time-course-effects-of-talus-taping-on-ankle-255bbmqidc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dorsiflexion-range-of-motion-for-control-and-14yg5mz7.png Table 1. Dorsiflexion range of motion for control and intervention ankles https://scispace.com/papers/the-threshold-elemental-ratio-of-an-ectotherm-decreases-then-4cobkjtuwf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-of-the-terc-p-temperature-reaction-norm-1ake4ioz.png Figure 1: Model of the TERC:P temperature reaction norm. Thermal performance curves are assigned to each process underlying the TERC:P. C Ingestion rate (Ic) and assimilation efficiency (AEc) as well as phosphorus assimilation efficiency (AEp) are modelled using equation (1), where X is the trait of interest, 𝚫Xmax the difference between minimum (Xmin) and maximum trait value. T is temperature, Tmax the optimal temperature and b is a coefficient determining the decrease rate around Tmax. Respiration (Rc) is modelled using equation (2) with a and d coefficients being the proportionality constant and the scaling exponent, respectively. The consumer C:P ratio (QC:P) remains unchanged with temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hypothetical-specialist-orange-and-generalist-green-gyuna1jc.png Figure 4: Hypothetical specialist (orange) and generalist (green) thermal performance curves for https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-somatic-c-p-ratio-of-daphnia-magna-exposed-to-a-a95ibx12.png Figure 3: Somatic C:P ratio of Daphnia magna exposed to a factorial combination of dietary molar https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-growth-rate-of-daphnia-magna-exposed-to-a-1p32w9wz.png Figure 2: A/ Growth rate of Daphnia magna exposed to a factorial combination of dietary molar C:P ratio and temperature. The white line represents the maximum growth rate reached at each temperature (i.e. TERC:P). Asterisks are the experimentally determined values. 3D version available (Fig.S2). https://scispace.com/papers/the-time-free-comparison-model-for-fault-diagnosis-in-3a6f86yjxp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-main-phases-of-the-time-free-dsdp-protocol-at-node-syxubecp.png Fig. 1 The main phases of the Time-Free-DSDP protocol at node u. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-between-the-static-dsdp-mobile-dsdp-and-3ib45u65.png Table 5 Comparison between the Static-DSDP, Mobile-DSDP and Time_Free-DSDP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-communication-complexity-under-scenario-2-1ccthqtp.png Fig. 4 Communication complexity under Scenario 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-complexity-under-scenario-2-23t8rjc1.png Fig. 5 Time complexity under Scenario 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-communication-complexity-under-scenario-3-1k5u68kj.png Fig. 6 Communication complexity under Scenario 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-time-complexity-under-scenario-3-2652f9kv.png Fig. 7 Time complexity under Scenario 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-outcomes-for-the-gmm-model-35-2k4hx2vv.png Table 1 Comparison Outcomes for the gMM Model [35] https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-simulation-scenarios-oyz7b14i.png Table 3 Simulation Scenarios https://scispace.com/papers/the-time-domain-spectroscopic-survey-understanding-the-5apxtiycbt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tdss-sequels-sample-classifications-from-visual-3mlglw4k.png Table 1 TDSS SEQUELS Sample Classifications from Visual Inspection of Spectra https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sky-area-of-the-66-sdss-iii-sequels-plates-used-in-3jrordt2.png Figure 1. Sky area of the 66 SDSS-III SEQUELS plates used in our investigation. Positions of newly obtained spectra of TDSS-selected objects are shown as red points, and TDSS-selected objects with previous SDSS spectra are shown as blue points. The total geometric area of these plate areas is approximately 320 deg2 (accounting for geometric plate overlaps but not detailed tiling of targets and adjacent plates, see Section 2.1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-similar-to-figure-7-but-for-observed-sdss-r-band-1pb6rdm1.png Figure 8. Similar to Figure 7, but for observed SDSS r-band magnitudes. TDSS-selected quasars are generally brighter than eBOSS CORE quasars, which is primarily a consequence of the requirement in the TDSS targeting method of robust detections of variability above the photometric uncertainties. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-chromospherically-active-fraction-of-tdss-m-dwarfs-28vzhwp4.png Figure 13. Chromospherically active fraction of TDSS M dwarfs for different spectral subtypes, as measured by their Hα emission (black points). The number of M dwarfs in each spectral type subsample is also shown. In comparison to the expected active fraction of a sample with the same heightabove-Galactic plane distribution (red bars), early-type TDSS M dwarfs are overall more likely to be active, especially for earlier types. Across all spectral types, the full TDSS M-dwarf sample has a 10.0% overall active fraction, in comparison to the 8.0% of the comparison sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-color-color-diagrams-using-sdss-photometry-of-all-ireskj2g.png Figure 2. Color–color diagrams (using SDSS photometry) of all 15,746 TDSS-selected objects with spectra in our SEQUELS sky area including previous spectra (top left), all 10,974 TDSS-selected objects with new spectra in SEQUELS (top right), all 4772 TDSS-selected objects in our SEQUELS sky area with previous SDSS-I/ II/III spectra (bottom left), and all 4735 TDSS-selected objects in our SEQUELS sky area for which spectra were not yet obtained (bottom right). Contours enclose 20%, 50%, and 90% of objects (from darkest to lightest), and the remaining 10% are shown as red points. Regions in color space containing mostly quasars, mainsequence stars, RR Lyrae, high-z quasars, and other miscellaneous objects are labeled following the criteria in Morganson et al. (2015). The sum of the objects in the top right and lower left panels gives the top left panel. These figures show that the vast majority of TDSS-selected objects with previous SDSS-I/II/III spectra have quasar-like colors, while the new SEQUELS spectra are a mix of quasars and stars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-quasar-g-i-color-from-sdss-photometry-as-a-function-33q3rnis.png Figure 7. Quasar g − i color from SDSS photometry as a function of redshift, for all TDSS-selected (red points), and eBOSS CORE-selected quasars (blue points) with spectra in our SEQUELS plate area. The subset of TDSS-selected quasars not selected by the CORE sample is also shown (green points). TDSSselected quasars not selected by the eBOSS CORE algorithm in the primary CORE redshift range of z0.9 2.2 have redder colors, likely due to stronger intrinsic dust extinction or absorption. TDSS quasars at lower( <z 0.9) and higher redshifts ( >z 2.2) have bluer and redder colors relative to the CORE sample, respectively, likely due to selection effects in the colorselected CORE sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-examples-of-spectral-decomposition-of-a-few-henrixyv.png Figure 12. Examples of spectral decomposition of a few spectroscopic stellar binaries in the TDSS stars sample identified by visual inspection. Pairs of template spectra from the SDSS-II classification pipeline are fit to the TDSS spectrum through a simple c2 fit, and the total composite spectrum provides a good fit to the observed spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-color-color-diagram-of-tdss-stars-matched-to-2cyrdoll.png Figure 11. Color–color diagram of TDSS stars matched to periodic variable stars from the Catalina survey catalog. The stars are grouped as eclipsing, pulsating, or rotating based on their Catalina classification. The colors of the overall TDSS stellar sample from Figure 10 are shown as shaded contours in the background. We note that this matched sample contains only previously known bright stars with strong variability, and it is likely that there are significantly more periodic stars in the TDSS sample than are shown here. https://scispace.com/papers/the-time-series-properties-of-house-prices-a-case-study-of-3b3xdvoypu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-recursive-forecasts-2005-q1-to-2008-q2-35euk5vm.png Table 5 Recursive Forecasts: 2005:Q1 to 2008:Q2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-granger-temporal-causality-tests-22uz004b.png Table 3 Granger Temporal Causality Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lag-length-selection-tests-yd6hgzi9.png Table 1 Lag-Length Selection Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-johansen-cointegration-tests-3v7d1ni4.png Table 2 Johansen Cointegration Tests https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-house-price-indexes-bakersfield-los-angeles-oxnard-1171vmeh.png Fig 1 House Price Indexes: Bakersfield, Los Angeles, Oxnard, Riverside, San Luis Obispo, Santa Ana, and Santa Barbara https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-forecast-results-for-all-eight-msas-continued-2hu46ht1.png Table 4 Forecast Results for All Eight MSAs (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-msa-map-bakersfield-los-angeles-oxnard-riverside-san-rkkqaym2.png Fig 2 MSA Map: Bakersfield, Los Angeles, Oxnard, Riverside, San Luis Obispo, Santa Ana, and Santa Barbara https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-forecast-results-for-all-eight-msas-15cwatzr.png Table 4 Forecast Results for All Eight MSAs (Continued) https://scispace.com/papers/the-timing-of-contact-restrictions-and-pro-active-testing-478f748zsm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-figure-showing-parameter-values-first-row-and-33c42ln1.png Figure 3: Figure showing parameter values (first row) and number of spreaders (second row) for Policies 1-3 (represented column-wise) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-figure-showing-parameter-values-first-row-and-p8maoxmr.png Figure 6: Figure showing parameter values (first row) and number of spreaders (second row) for Strategies 1-3 (represented column-wise) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-figure-showing-percentage-change-for-area-under-plokgk2d.png Figure 11: Figure showing percentage change for area under the curve for the total number of spreaders for selected strategies scenarios and policies with respect to Scenario 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-figure-showing-percentage-change-for-area-under-3cdqtefe.png Figure 12: Figure showing percentage change for area under the curve for the total number of spreaders for selected strategies and policies with respect to Policy 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-figure-showing-for-each-policy-the-temporal-x6tst81x.png Figure 5: Figure showing for each policy the temporal evolution of spreaders, ie the sum of identified and unidentified spreaders for several policies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-figure-showing-for-each-exit-strategy-the-temporal-2m9vorat.png Figure 8: Figure showing for each exit strategy the temporal evolution of spreaders, ie the sum of identified and unidentified spreaders for several strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-figure-showing-number-of-spreaders-for-several-1hkf0xv3.png Figure 1: Figure showing number of spreaders for several scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-figure-comparing-different-scenarios-policies-and-7zvtved4.png Figure 9: Figure comparing different scenarios, policies and strategies. The top row shows the parameter curves, the middle row shows the dynamics of the reproduction number Rt while the bottom row shows the simulated number of spreaders https://scispace.com/papers/the-timeless-perspective-vs-discretion-theory-and-monetary-3gugxpvuhc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-d4nrrnmr.png Figure 1: https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-parameters-of-the-model-2wp8uegi.png Table 1: The Parameters of the Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1dxxlw93.png Figure 4: https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-impact-effect-of-the-disturbances-on-the-1oi2agxo.png Table 2: The Impact Effect of the Disturbances on the Variables of the Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-measures-of-the-performance-of-commitment-3vu2k2zg.png Table 3: Summary Measures of the Performance of Commitment and Discretion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-214fy6ln.png Figure 3: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-11cmeydn.png Figure 2: https://scispace.com/papers/the-timing-of-the-rise-in-u-s-obesity-varies-with-measure-of-2129j5k5vf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-trend-in-youth-obesity-measured-using-skinfold-1pt6lx1f.png Fig. 2. Trend in youth obesity measured using skinfold thickness and body mass https://scispace.com/figures/table-3a-trends-in-the-age-adjusted-and-age-specific-2xrdgv0z.png Table 3A Trends in the age-adjusted and age-specific prevalence of skinfold based obesity and BMI based obesity for adults aged 20–74 years, 1959–2006.a. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-trends-in-adult-obesity-measured-using-skinfold-2uk6j526.png Fig. 4. Trends in adult obesity measured using skinfold thickness and body mass index. NHES I (1959–1962) to NHANES 2005–2006, by race and Gender. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-trends-in-the-prevalence-of-skinfold-based-obesity-b3voew7t.png Table 1 Trends in the prevalence of skinfold based obesity and BMI based obesity for children ages 12–17 by sex, 1966–2006.a. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3b-trends-in-the-age-adjusted-and-age-specific-8moiguf9.png Table 3A Trends in the age-adjusted and age-specific prevalence of skinfold based obesity and BMI based obesity for adults aged 20–74 years, 1959–2006.a. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-trend-in-youth-obesitymeasured-using-skinfold-1xnz58of.png Fig. 1. Trend in youth obesitymeasured using skinfold thickness and body mass index. NHES III (1966–1970) to NHANES 2005–2006. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-changes-in-the-prevalence-of-skinfold-based-obesity-1lauffr2.png Table 4 Changes in the prevalence of skinfold based obesity and BMI based obesity between the NHES I, NHANES II, and NHANES 2005–2006 by sex and age.a. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-trend-in-adult-obesity-measured-using-skinfold-2cklprzb.png Fig. 3. Trend in adult obesity measured using skinfold thickness and body mass index. NHES I (1959–1962) to NHANES 2005–2006. https://scispace.com/papers/the-tinker-afb-tornadoes-of-march-1948-1b6q5r58dv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-composite-charts-constructed-for-a-0600-utc-21-mar-w7dy9e6o.png FIG. 7. Composite charts constructed for (a) 0600 UTC 21 Mar 1948 and (b) 0000 UTC 26 Mar 1948. Features are as on preceding charts with 500-mb features in blue, 850-mb features in red and green, and surface frontal analyses and 608F dewpoint in black. The wavy green lines indicate moisture axes at 850 mb and the red dotted lines the axes of highest temperatures at 850 mb. Maximum observed wind speeds are indicated; many winds were missing at 500 mb. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-surface-analyses-for-a-1230-utc-20-mar-1948-and-b-1230-119qyxin.png FIG. 1. Surface analyses for (a) 1230 UTC 20 Mar 1948 and (b) 1230 UTC 21 Mar 1948. Isobars are shown at 5-mb intervals. The dryline (continuous round blips); surface troughs (heavy dashed lines); 208, 408, and 608F dewpoint isodrosotherms (dashed lines); squall lines (dash–double dot lines); and standard surface analysis features are shown. The location of Tinker AFB is indicated by the star. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-skew-t-logp-plots-of-the-oklahoma-city-soundings-at-2hgv9nz8.png FIG. 8. Skew T–logp plots of the Oklahoma City soundings at 1500 UTC on (a) 20 Mar 1948 and (b) 25 Mar 1948. Winds are full barb for 10 kt (or 5 m s21) and flags for 50 kt (or 25 m s21). The surface parcel and its lifted characteristics are indicated for the maximum concurrent observed values of temperature and dewpoint prior to the tornadoes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-skew-t-logp-plot-of-the-oklahoma-city-sounding-for-3erlc5b5.png FIG. 9. Skew T–logp plot of the Oklahoma City sounding for 0300 UTC on 21 Mar 1948. Details as in Fig. 8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-surface-analyses-as-in-fig-1-for-a-1230-utc-25-mar-2vejf71k.png FIG. 2. Surface analyses as in Fig. 1 for (a) 1230 UTC 25 Mar 1948 and (b) 1230 UTC 26 Mar 1948. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-850-mb-analyses-as-in-fig-3-for-a-1500-utc-25-mar-nni89nh1.png FIG. 4. The 850-mb analyses as in Fig. 3 for (a) 1500 UTC 25 Mar 1948 and (b) 0300 UTC 26 Mar 1948. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-850-mb-analyses-for-a-1500-utc-20-mar-1948-and-b-3jbnc47l.png FIG. 3. The 850-mb analyses for (a) 1500 UTC 20 Mar 1948 and (b) 0300 UTC 21 Mar 1948. Symbology follows Miller (1967). Fronts are shown with open barbs. Height troughs are heavy dashed lines. Dryline positions are heavy dash–dot lines. Temperature (dewpoint) isotherms (isodrosotherms) are light, dashes (dots) in 8C. Height contours are in m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-500-mb-analyses-for-a-1500-utc-20-mar-1948-and-b-1n7gmkr9.png FIG. 5. The 500-mb analyses for (a) 1500 UTC 20 Mar 1948 and (b) 0300 UTC 21 Mar 1948. Height contours are in m. Major height trough positions are heavy dashed lines, and minor troughs are lighter dashed lines. Isotherms in 8C are light dashed lines. The axis of strongest wind speeds is indicated by gray-shaded arrow. https://scispace.com/papers/the-torchis-of-northern-france-ethnoarchaeological-research-3yu0q2dvgt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-5-summary-of-formation-processes-and-macroscopic-3k805cf9.png Fig. 22.5 Summary of formation processes and macroscopic results mainly observed during the ethnoarchaeological enquiry in northern France. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-3-partial-cross-section-of-a-planar-layer-resulting-2j1poz8l.png Fig. 22.3 Partial cross section of a planar layer resulting from the collapse of a wattle and daub barn (Cf. Fig. 22.5a ) in Bainast-Les Alleux (Somme). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-4-cross-section-of-a-layer-resulting-from-the-wh71ccka.png Fig. 22.4 Cross section of a layer resulting from the sedimentation of earthen materials at the base of a wall (Cf. Fig. 22.5b, c ) in Rambures (Somme) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-1-examples-of-variability-in-timber-frameworks-from-39c9pt7g.png Fig. 22.1 Examples of variability in timber frameworks from Northern France: ( a ) few spaced to moderately spaced laths, recorded in the Departments of Somme, Oise, and Pas-de-Calais; ( b ) barreaudage (horizontal bars) fi xed by notches on the timber framework, recorded in Haute Normandie and in western Oise; ( c ) gaulettes (thick and spaced bars), recorded in Normandie (Marais Vernier); ( d ) Flemish vertical wattle, that can be horizontal in some areas of Pas-de-Calais. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-2-various-techniques-of-daub-installation-a-daub-3bv4m2gx.png Fig. 22.2 Various techniques of daub installation: ( a ) daub pressed against a closely spaced frame (with horizontal movements); ( b ) Elongated lump of daub set down on laths (“torchis à cheval ”). Daub overlaps the horizontal element of the frame (picture: Parc naturel régional des Caps et Marais d’Opale). https://scispace.com/papers/the-topological-gradient-method-from-optimal-design-to-image-3stakai9g1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-the-bayer-filter-grid-l9ltjoxa.png Figure 15. The Bayer filter grid. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-inpainting-of-a-color-image-zoom-of-original-image-15kl0egq.png Figure 3. Inpainting of a color image: zoom of original image (a); topological gradient inpainted image (b); TV inpainted image(c). Figure extracted from [16]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-inpainting-of-a-color-image-occluded-image-a-sfjmheuc.png Figure 2. Inpainting of a color image: occluded image (a); identified missing edges by the topological gradient (b); corresponding inpainted images using our algorithm (c) and a TV inpainting algorithm (d). Figure extracted from [16]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-suppression-of-jpeg-artefacts-2kv6a8yr.png Figure 12. Suppression of JPEG artefacts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-demosaicing-and-denoising-of-a-color-image-3q1e4jwm.png Figure 16. Demosaicing and denoising of a color image. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparative-results-for-demosaicing-and-denoising-38wvuece.png Table 3. Comparative results for demosaicing and denoising using Alternative Projections (AP), Total Least Square (TLS) and Algorithm 2 (AD). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparative-results-of-restoration-using-nonlocal-1vc4udze.png Table 2. Comparative results of restoration using NonLocal Means (NLM) and Algorithm 2 (AD). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-from-right-to-left-noisy-nlm-and-ad-restorations-1b05od6b.png Figure 10. From right to left: noisy, NLM and AD restorations of Mandrill image. https://scispace.com/papers/the-tourism-attractiveness-of-polish-libraries-14ir8ekerm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-important-libraries-in-poland-s-o-u-r-c-e-3dg031gb.png Fig. 1. Map of important libraries in Poland (s o u r c e: authors’ compilation) https://scispace.com/papers/the-transatlantic-sixties-europe-and-the-united-states-in-1wfvy26c4i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-founding-manifesto-of-the-raf-10xx6zqc.png Figure 6: The founding manifesto of the RAF https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-german-free-angela-davis-demonstration-1jazu9le.png Figure 5: German Free Angela Davis demonstration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-screenshot-from-nicht-loschbares-feuer-harun-farocki-2zo2u82a.png Figure 5: German Free Angela Davis demonstration https://scispace.com/papers/the-transcriptional-legacy-of-developmental-stochasticity-10mddfnrkb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-armadillos-reveal-sources-of-variation-1g8tn9ai.png Fig. 4: Armadillos reveal sources of variation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-defining-transcriptional-identity-2ewhrcva.png Fig. 1: Defining transcriptional identity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-persistent-allelic-imbalance-as-a-mark-of-3pzgsg7e.png Fig. 2: Persistent allelic imbalance as a mark of individuality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-gene-expression-marks-functional-signatures-of-e2vhfehx.png Fig. 3: Gene expression marks functional signatures of individuality. https://scispace.com/papers/the-transfer-and-fate-of-pb-from-sewage-sludge-amended-soil-3b6v0gaxxi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-physico-chemical-properties-of-soil-sewage-1y5g6awu.png Table 1. Selected physico-chemical properties of soil, sewage sludge and soil after amendment with different ratios of sewage sludge (mean ± 1 SE, n=4). Values with different superscript letters in each group are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-1se-n-4-dry-weight-mg-individual-1-of-roots-and-36rskc6x.png Table 5. Mean (± 1SE, n = 4) dry weight (mg individual -1 ) of roots and shoots of Brassica juncea, aphids (L. erysimi) and newly emerged adult ladybirds (C. septempunctata). Values with different superscript letters in each group are significantly different from each other at p https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-heavy-metal-contents-in-honeydewed-and-honeydew-free-1jeidir6.png Table 3. Heavy metal contents in honeydewed and honeydew-free (washed) plants of B. juncea grown in different amendments of sewage sludge and the ratio of metal levels in honeydew against metal contents in aphids (mean ± 1 SE, n = 4). Values with different superscript letters in each group are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-transfer-coefficients-for-the-transfer-of-cd-pb-and-nwmpj25a.png Table 2. Transfer coefficients for the transfer of Cd, Pb and Zn contents between various components of the soil-plant-aphid-ladybird system after the amendment of soil with sewage sludge. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-trace-metal-concentration-mg-kg-1-dry-weight-318fbnh1.png Fig. 1 Trace metal concentration (mg kg -1 dry weight) transferred from sewage sludge amended soil in mustard, aphid and newly emerged adult ladybird. (a) Cd, (b) Pb and (c) Zn. Each value is mean of four replicates ± SE. Bars with different letters in each group are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05 https://scispace.com/papers/the-transformative-power-of-food-the-milk-mothers-in-sri-55qcuj7iso 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-milk-mothers-blessing-a-mother-and-her-son-2grrsfe3.png Figure 8. Milk mothers blessing a mother and her son. https://scispace.com/papers/the-transient-separation-of-multicomponent-mixtures-in-a-3q2dfl8uzx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-physical-properties-of-the-mixture-dodecane-8fa2b3ut.png Table 2: The physical properties of the mixture dodecane – isobutylbenzene – tetralin at the temperature of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-dependance-of-characteristic-time-of-ethanol-2mx8dq8r.png Figure 2: The dependance of characteristic time of ethanol – water mixture on the ratio of the cylinders radii δ. Red line corresponds to the case of a flat-plate column. The evolution of the average concentration difference of ethanol between the column ends for the ratios of cylinder radii δ = 0.1 (a) and δ = 0.1 (b). Analytical solution (solid lines), numerical simulation (dots). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-evolution-of-the-average-concentration-2c2k7fmp.png Figure 8: The evolution of the average concentration difference between the column ends for δ = 0.9: dodecane (a), isobutylbenzene (b). Analytical solution (solid lines), numerical simulation (dots). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-evolution-of-the-average-concentration-2r2od6eo.png Figure 6: The evolution of the average concentration difference between the column ends for δ = 0.1: dodecane (a), isobutylbenzene (b). Analytical solution (solid lines), numerical simulation (dots). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-evolution-of-the-average-concentration-2bc8ffh2.png Figure 7: The evolution of the average concentration difference between the column ends for δ = 0.5: dodecane (a), isobutylbenzene (b). Analytical solution (solid lines), numerical simulation (dots). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-evolution-of-the-average-concentration-profile-1fzos3v7.png Figure 4: The evolution of the average concentration profile of isobutylbenzene along the column with the ratio of cylinders radii δ = 0.1. Analytical solution (solid lines), numerical simulation (dots). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-steady-state-average-concentration-profile-of-17qery03.png Figure 5: The steady-state average concentration profile of isobutylbenzene along the column for the ratios of the cylinders radii δ = 0.1 (black line) δ = 0.9 (red line). Analytical solution (solid lines), numerical simulation (dots). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-geometry-of-a-cylindrical-thermogravitational-1knrg4n9.png Figure 1: The geometry of a cylindrical thermogravitational column. https://scispace.com/papers/the-transiting-multi-planet-system-hd15337-two-nearly-equal-3ew7rmqwkc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-hd-15337-system-parameters-3pz8lx9d.png Table 4 HD 15337 System Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-mass-radius-diagram-for-low-mass-mp-12m-small-rp-3-2xebfiqn.png Figure 8. Mass–radius diagram for low-mass (Mp<12M⊕), small (Rp<3 R⊕) planets with mass–radius measurements better than 25% (fromhttp://www.astro.keele.ac.uk/jkt/tepcat/; Southworth 2011). Composition models from Zeng et al. (2016) are displayed with different lines and colors. The solid blue and red circles mark the position of HD 15337 b and HD 15337 c, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-mcmc-posterior-distributions-for-the-stellar-3d8dlf50.png Figure 9.MCMC posterior distributions for the stellar rotation period at an age of 150 Myr obtained from the modeling of HD 15337 c. The shaded areas correspond to the 68% region of the credible interval of the posterior distribution. The black histogram shows the distribution of stellar rotation periods measured for open cluster stars with an age of 150 Myr (from Johnstone et al. 2015). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sed-of-hd-15337-red-symbols-represent-the-observed-1sykcgck.png Figure 2. SED of HD 15337. Red symbols represent the observed photometric measurements, where the horizontal bars represent the effective width of the passband. Blue symbols are the model fluxes from the best-fit Kurucz atmosphere model (black). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-folded-transit-light-curves-of-hd-15337-b-left-1p0k6g7l.png Figure 6. Folded transit light curves of HD 15337 b (left panel) and HD 15337 c (middle panel), based on nine and three single transits observed by TESS. The bestfitting transit models are overplotted with thick black lines. The TESS data points are shown with gray circles, whereas the 10 minutes binned data are displayed with red circles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-upper-panel-harps-rv-measurements-vs-time-following-e91cz47p.png Figure 7. Upper panel: HARPS RV measurements vs. time, following the subtraction of the systemic velocities derived for the old (blue circles) and new (red diamonds) instrument set-up. Lower panels: phase-folded RV curves of HD 15337 b (left), HD 15337 c (middle) and stellar signal at 36.5 days (right). The best-fitting Keplerian and sine models are overplotted with thick black lines. The vertical gray lines mark the error bars including the RV jitter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-offset-corrected-harps-rvs-of-hd-15337-upper-panel-3554mx7u.png Figure 4. Offset-corrected HARPS RVs of HD 15337 (upper panel), and FWHM and BIS of the cross-correlation function (middle and lower panels). The blue circles and red diamonds mark the measurements acquired with the old and new fiber bundle, respectively. The thick lines mark the best-fitting parabolic curves to the data (see the text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hertzsprung-russell-diagram-for-hd15337-based-on-9kb7007d.png Figure 3. Hertzsprung–Russell Diagram for HD15337 based on the observed effective temperature and bolometric luminosity, the latter computed directly from Fbol and the Gaia parallax-based distance. Each panel compares the observed properties of the star to evolutionary tracks from the Yonsei–Yale models (Yi et al. 2001; Spada et al. 2013) for different permitted combinations of stellar mass and metallicity. Blue points with labels represent the model ages in Gyr. The central panel represents the case most compatible with all of the available data, including the stellar age of ≈5.1Gyr as determined from the observed chromospheric activity and stellar rotation period (see the text). https://scispace.com/papers/the-translocator-protein-as-a-potential-molecular-target-for-2dyb6sfhrz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-stable-bacteriopurpurinimide-and-phthalocyanine-2g6k48v2.png Figure 9. Stable bacteriopurpurinimide and phthalocyanine based photosensitizers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-mitochondrial-2vu3kguk.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and TSPO complex. The translocator protein (TSPO) is labelled yellow and the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) is colored red. The B-cell lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl-2) is shown in green with the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) depicted blue. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flowchart-of-the-different-biological-functions-of-2a9x4duy.png Figure 2. Flowchart of the different biological functions of the TSPO. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-range-of-tetrapyrrole-based-photosensitizers-3p7fcht1.png Figure 12. A range of tetrapyrrole-based photosensitizers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-model-of-pk11195-and-ppix-binding-in-the-proposed-1itir9e7.png Figure 13. Model of PK11195 and PpIX binding in the proposed dimeric RsTSPO state. A suggested model of the binding sites of PP IX, PK11195, and cholesterol on RsTSPO. The ligands have been manually inserted into the model of RsTSPO on one monomer. Roman numerals have been used to illustrate the helices: W38 (green sticks), PK11195 (orange sticks), PP IX (dark purple sticks), and cholesterol (yellow sticks). Proposed PP IX binding sites on loop 1 were colored light purple and PK11195 binding site was colored light orange. The potential role of the dimer in the loading and transport of PP IX has been illustrated by a magenta dotted line indicating the potential route. "Reprinted (adapted) with permission from [111]. Copyright (2013) American Chemical Society." https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-conjugation-of-the-photosensitizer-hpph-to-a-3jh3zejz.png Figure 11. Conjugation of the photosensitizer HPPH to a radiolabeled derivative of PK11195. For MDA-231 tumors bearing Scid mice, 26 possesses strong tumor imaging capability. MicroPET emission imaging (coronal view) at 24 h (A), 48h (B),72h (C),and 96 h (D) post-injection of 28 (i.e.,124I-26)(dose: 50 μCi(∼40 ng)/mouse). (E) Kaplan-Meier plot for the in vivo PDT efficacy of compounds HPPH (19) and 26 at 0.4μmol/kg dose. Light dose: 135 J/cm2, 75 mW/cm2, ten mice for each group. 26 produces significantly better in vivo PDT efficacy than HPPH (19) (P<0.0001). "Reprinted (adapted) with permission from [93]. Copyright (2011) American Chemical Society." https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-pyropheophorbide-derivatives-and-their-in-vitro-3ubqda2x.png Figure 8. Pyropheophorbide derivatives and their in vitro photosensitizing activity. Variable drug concentrations and light doses of 20 and HPPH 19 in RIF tumor cells at 24 h post-incubation. "Reprinted (adapted) with permission from [85]. Copyright (2013) American Chemical Society." https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-protoporphyrins-and-rhodochlorin-derivatives-u22twj0k.png Figure 7. Protoporphyrins and rhodochlorin derivatives. https://scispace.com/papers/the-transition-to-self-employment-and-perceived-skill-597tcw0og3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimation-of-the-impact-of-the-lags-of-job-10org05k.png Table 5 Estimation of the impact of the lags of job transitions on the probability of reporting being skill-mismatched https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-the-variables-in-the-model-24xkt9dl.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics of the variables in the model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-values-of-self-assessed-skill-mismatch-by-31rjm6fu.png Table 2 Average values of self-assessed skill mismatch by country https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pooled-probit-estimates-of-job-satisfaction-and-self-3kpfto2c.png Table 3. Pooled probit estimates of job satisfaction and self-reported skill mismatches https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimation-of-the-impact-of-job-transitions-on-the-1amlgh3q.png Table 4 Estimation of the impact of job transitions on the probability of reporting being skill-mismatched https://scispace.com/papers/the-treatment-effects-of-flaxseed-derived-35orrfjw43 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-enl-effectively-inhibited-tp-induced-bph-in-rats-1wy9y08k.png Figure 5. ENL effectively inhibited TP-induced BPH in rats. 175x159mm (300 x 300 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-enl-increased-the-expression-of-gper-its-downstream-o28c5j8x.png Figure 4. ENL increased the expression of GPER, its downstream target ERK, and changed the expression of cell cycle related proteins. 172x81mm (300 x 300 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-enl-inhibited-the-proliferation-of-wpmy-1-cells-and-3918lsf8.png Figure 3. ENL inhibited the proliferation of WPMY-1 cells and blocks the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase; knockdown of GPER impaired partially the growth inhibitory effects exerted by ENL. 175x144mm (300 x 300 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gper-docked-with-g1-and-enl-170x169mm-300-x-300-dpi-yqx8377w.png Figure 2. GPER docked with G1 and ENL. 170x169mm (300 x 300 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-figure-for-induction-of-bph-and-18k158s2.png Figure 1. Schematic figure for induction of BPH and treatments. 150x20mm (300 x 300 DPI) https://scispace.com/papers/the-tripartite-partnership-between-female-entrepreneurs-20jximca5m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-tripartite-partnership-among-female-3gh2tsun.png Figure 1: The tripartite partnership among female entrepreneurs, banks and the government https://scispace.com/papers/the-triple-c-impact-responding-to-childhood-exposure-to-2gwxyid50e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-poly-victimization-of-exposure-to-multiple-different-1qnt67zd.png Table 4: Poly-Victimization: % of Exposure to Multiple Different Triple-C https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-physical-health-outcomes-attributable-risk-and-costs-2jgy1bfn.png Table 8: Physical Health Outcomes – Attributable Risk and Costs https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-total-cost-by-outcome-category-1n0eax57.png Table 10: Total Cost by Outcome Category https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-sensitivity-testing-comparison-to-similar-studies-2j50imxc.png Table 11: Sensitivity Testing – Comparison to Similar Studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-criminal-justice-attributable-risk-and-costs-1sydkhk3.png Table 5: Criminal Justice - Attributable Risk and Costs https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-mental-health-outcomes-attributable-risk-and-costs-3vbkex4n.png Table 7: Mental Health Outcomes – Attributable Risk and Costs https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-population-of-exposure-under-each-of-the-triple-c-3gnjds76.png Table 2: Population % of Exposure Under Each of the Triple-C Impact Categories – Gender https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-productivity-and-economic-well-being-outcomes-3n4in4ff.png Table 9: Productivity and Economic Well-Being Outcomes – Attributable Risks and Costs https://scispace.com/papers/the-trigger-system-of-the-nomad-experiment-1l2z49lbbs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-single-track-efficiencies-for-the-veto-and-trigger-3rdge4c6.png Table 1: Single track efficiencies for the veto and trigger planes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-top-view-of-the-nomad-detector-3jbvjxch.png Figure 1: A top view of the NOMAD detector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-layout-of-the-trigger-planes-t1-and-t2-the-four-18f4x4uq.png Figure 4: Layout of the trigger planes T1 and T2. The four vertical scintillation counters are shaded. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-noise-rate-of-a-photomultiplier-as-a-function-of-wlx2evkg.png Figure 7: (a)Noise rate of a photomultiplier as a function of the discriminator threshold. (b)Muon trigger rate per 1013 p.o.t. as a function of the discriminator threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-functionalities-of-motrino-1lpblzcc.png Figure 8: The functionalities of MOTRINO. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-efficiency-for-fcal-a-and-ecal-b-triggers-as-a-289fyit7.png Figure 10: The Efficiency for FCAL(a) and ECAL(b) triggers as a function of the deposited energy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-maxima-of-pulse-height-and-integrated-charge-of-39wp8oo8.png Figure 5: Maxima of pulse height and integrated charge of minimum ionizing particles traversing the scintillator as a function of x [11]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-front-view-of-the-nomad-veto-the-shaded-area-is-the-yubww0hj.png Figure 2: Front view of the NOMAD veto. The shaded area is the central veto bank called V8. The dotted line is the sensitive drift chamber volume. https://scispace.com/papers/the-tropical-brown-alga-lobophora-variegata-lamouroux-25di6944lm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-110mag-concentration-factors-cf-in-316shoiz.png Table 1 Experimental 110mAg concentration factors (CF) in different organisms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-uptake-kinetics-of-110mag-in-lobophora-variegata-mean-lkv7ctd8.png Fig. 1 Uptake kinetics of 110mAg in Lobophora variegata (mean concentration factor ± SD, n = 12) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-depuration-kinetics-of-110mag-in-lobophora-variegata-1p3bkk93.png Fig. 2 Depuration kinetics of 110mAg in Lobophora variegata (% Remaining Activity ± SD, n = 12) https://scispace.com/papers/the-trojan-horse-method-in-nuclear-astrophysics-2oihftm9x4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-two-body-reactions-studied-via-the-thm-with-measured-9gbfrfza.png Table 1. Two-body reactions studied via the THM with measured two-to-three TH reaction and relevant references for each reaction https://scispace.com/papers/the-true-cost-of-antimicrobial-resistance-2bwvx43n8j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-annual-cost-of-illness-for-selected-conditions-in-us-1hos5331.png Table 1| Annual cost of illness for selected conditions in US https://scispace.com/papers/the-trunk-impairment-scale-modified-to-ordinal-scales-in-the-1kmux9adcz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-transformations-qoh33vn0.png Table 2. Overview of transformations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-internal-consistency-3vf6pfi9.png Table 4. Internal consistency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graphical-representation-of-intertester-reliability-1azce1mj.png Figure 1. Graphical representation of intertester reliability data of the sum score (scale 0-16) (n=50). Maximum score is 16. 13 plots represent overlapping data for 30 patients https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graphical-representation-of-test-retest-reliability-3b8nnmk7.png Figure 2. Graphical representation of test-retest reliability data (n=49) of the sum score (scale 0-16). 11 plots represent overlapping data for 28 patients https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-factor-irt-parameter-9bwto4l8.png Table 3. Factor IRT parameter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-intertester-and-test-retest-reliability-of-each-ki4eeox9.png Table 5. Intertester and test-retest reliability of each testlet by Kappa (ĸ) statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-study-samples-refrgf39.png Table 1. Characteristics of the study samples. https://scispace.com/papers/the-turbulent-nonturbulent-interface-in-penetrative-axsjztsdcm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pdfs-of-pointwise-components-of-vn-eq-8-for-varying-r5ysuhj3.png Figure 4. PDFs of pointwise components of vn (Eq. 8) for varying threshold (line color) at t = 2: inertial term v̂Pn (top left), viscous diffusion term v̂ D n (top right), viscous destruction term v̂ E n (bottom left) and baroclinic term v̂Bn (bottom right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-entrainment-flux-components-as-a-function-of-3dij4x12.png Figure 3. Entrainment flux components as a function of threshold at t = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-thickness-as-a-function-of-threshold-value-left-and-29pwmcg8.png Figure 5. Thickness as a function of threshold value (left) and viscous diffusion and baroclinic components of the enstrophy balance equation, their ratio along with the ratio w2o/u 2 η (Eq. 12) (right) at t = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-enstrophy-top-and-buoyancy-bottom-field-at-constant-35egtpyi.png Figure 1. Enstrophy (top) and buoyancy (bottom) field at constant y. For the former the color bar is logarithmic while for the latter it is linear. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-wall-normal-profiles-of-b-left-and-wb-right-1of7fiv8.png Figure 2. Wall-normal profiles of b (left) and w′b′ (right) normalized by the respective outer scales bo and B0. https://scispace.com/papers/the-twins-lad-mission-observations-of-terrestrial-lyman-a-2j3qdy4zii 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-orbits-of-the-two-twins-satellites-qw4g78ld.png Fig. 1. Orbits of the two TWINS satellites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-same-as-fig-9-but-for-solstice-conditions-the-1be65xop.png Fig. 10 Same as Fig. 9, but for solstice conditions. The direction to the sun is indicated by the yellow dot (not to scale!). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-shown-is-for-equinox-conditions-and-f10-7-130-in-the-1dbckomr.png Fig. 9 Shown is for equinox conditions and f10.7 = 130 in the midnight meridian plane the geocoronal hydrogen density distribution (red lines) as obtained by the described fitting procedure. This compares quite well to the original Hodges densities (black lines). The direction to the sun is indicated by the yellow dot (not to scale!). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sketch-of-the-scientific-payload-the-light-pink-areas-3eewidfs.png Fig. 2. Sketch of the scientific payload. The light pink areas above the detectors indicate the field of view of the respective sensor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-local-quantum-efficiency-qe-at-lyman-a-measured-over-1is9t62e.png Fig. 4. Local quantum efficiency QE′ at Lyman-α measured over one LAD sensor surface (without filter). The numbers on the contours are in cts per 100 photons, i.e. percent. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sketch-of-a-lad-sensor-with-light-path-and-electric-1foay311.png Fig. 3. Sketch of a LAD sensor with light path and electric circuitry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-total-quantum-efficiency-qe-for-all-4-lad-sensors-2h1cumac.png Fig. 5. Total quantum efficiency QE for all 4 LAD sensors (without filter). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-total-quantum-efficiency-qef-for-all-4-lad-sensors-1nv86lq8.png Fig. 6. Total quantum efficiency QEf for all 4 LAD sensors (with filter). https://scispace.com/papers/the-turnaround-strategy-and-courses-ofaction-of-companies-in-2if9tivk06 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-corporate-strategic-course-of-action-for-the-126b2oo0.png Figure 1: The corporate strategic course of action for the implementation of strategy for the recovery of the organization (a modified idea of Couleter M.) https://scispace.com/papers/the-two-level-tonal-system-of-lataddi-narua-cx71fpr1bj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tonal-categories-of-nouns-1hnjxfaq.png Table 1. Tonal categories of nouns https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-f0-graphs-of-dem-deer-cop-and-dem-monkey-cop-fotimotw.png Figure 4. F0 graphs of 'DEM+deer+COP' and ' DEM +monkey+ COP ' https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-f0-graphs-of-dem-cow-cop-and-dem-sheep-cop-2wrcij83.png Figure 3. F0 graphs of 'DEM +cow+COP' and 'DEM +sheep+COP' https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-monosyllabic-nouns-in-isolation-and-in-n-cop-frame-3e67nwc7.png Table 8. Monosyllabic nouns in isolation and in N+COP frame https://scispace.com/figures/table-18-examples-showing-tonal-realisations-on-verbs-in-o-v-pv7b2efu.png Table 18. Examples showing tonal realisations on verbs in O+V tone groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-tonal-categories-of-abb-adjectives-k0e7tux6.png Table 13. Tonal categories of ABB adjectives https://scispace.com/figures/table-21-examples-of-adjectives-cf-stative-verbs-in-iuocuy1a.png Table 21. Examples of adjectives cf. stative verbs in perfective frame https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tonal-categories-of-adjectives-ouo8pcbq.png Table 2. Tonal categories of adjectives https://scispace.com/papers/the-u-s-freedmen-s-bureau-in-post-civil-war-reconstruction-4j1gy8ixrz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-school-report-observations-eas9j17j.png Figure 5 - School Report Observations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-monthly-school-report-summary-mb1dr159.png Figure 6 - Monthly School Report Summary https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-individual-account-3usmueb6.png Figure 2 – Individual Account https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-apprenticeship-contract-21tnldzf.png Figure 4 - Apprenticeship Contract https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-contract-agreement-18u9wb1g.png Figure 8 – Contract Agreement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-labor-contract-24iunvbg.png Figure 3 - Labor Contract https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-general-orders-no-1cq07ivc.png Figure 7 - General Orders No. https://scispace.com/papers/the-u-shaped-relationship-between-happiness-and-age-evidence-drvr9cfv4m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-multilevel-cross-classified-regression-3b0mvxis.png Table 1: Results of multilevel cross-classified regression analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-deviation-of-happiness-from-the-mean-of-happiness-y44r30nx.png Figure 1: Deviation of happiness from the mean of happiness, by age, period, and cohort https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-predicted-mean-of-happiness-by-age-group-3c9b574v.png Table 2: Predicted mean of happiness, by age group https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-results-of-2-level-multilevel-regression-analysis-22gj1o7f.png Table 1.1: Results of 2-level multilevel regression analysis https://scispace.com/papers/the-ubiquitous-digital-tree-47uf394i8e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-random-trie-of-size-n-500-built-over-uniform-data-1muw1n32.png Figure 1. A random trie of size n = 500 built over uniform data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dynamical-sources-left-the-shift-associated-with-2dhhh6fp.png Figure 5. Dynamical sources: [left] the shift associated with continued fractions; [right] a rendering of fundamental intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-saddle-point-of-the-modulus-of-an-analytic-3dduxhdg.png Figure 3. A saddle point of the modulus of an analytic function. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-loglog-algorithm-asociates-to-a-text-a-z2vkmmlx.png Figure 4. The LogLog algorithm asociates to a text a signature, from which the number of differents words can be inferred. Here, the signature of Hamlet uses m = 256 bytes, with which the cardinality of the vocabulary is estimated to an accuracy of 6.6%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-a-trie-middle-a-corresponding-tst-right-cost-1x647bty.png Figure 2. Left: a trie. Middle: a corresponding TST. Right: cost of TST search on Moby Dick (number of letter comparisons against number of words scanned). https://scispace.com/papers/the-ubiquitous-terpene-geosmin-is-a-warning-chemical-1i7dp30jx4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predation-of-s-coelicolor-and-m-xanthus-by-c-3dj28alb.png Figure 2: Predation of S. coelicolor and M. xanthus by C. elegans. 532 A, Proportion of adult C. elegans N2 worms in colonies of S. coelicolor M145 (WT), J3003 (ΔgeoA) and 533 J2192 (ΔgeoA ΔmibAB) as a function of time. 534 B, Proportion of C. elegans PR674 (che-1(p674), ASE deficient) worms in colonies of S. coelicolor M145 535 (WT), J3003 (ΔgeoA) and J2192 (ΔgeoA ΔmibAB) as a function of time. 536 C, Proportion of C. elegans N2 worms in colonies of S. coelicolor J2912 that were pre-treated with 537 geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol, or distilled, deionized water as a function of time. 538 D, Proportion of C. elegans N2 and PR674 worms in colonies of M. xanthus DK1622 as a function of time. 539 E, Consumption of S. coelicolor by C. elegans. Blue arrows indicate the bacterial colony, the red arrow 540 indicates the presence of bacteria in the C. elegans pharynx. 541 F, Production of spores and actinorhodin by S. coelicolor in the absence (left) or presence (right) of C. 542 elegans. 10 day cultures, room temperature. 543 G, C. elegans on a M. xanthus lawn. Worms became translucent prior to death and were ultimately 544 digested by the bacteria. 545 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geosmin-production-and-toxicity-517-1ipugewc.png Figure 1: Geosmin production and toxicity. 517 https://scispace.com/papers/the-uk-national-arts-education-archive-ideas-and-imaginings-3f8gpx26ut 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hester-reeve-live-artist-archive-selection-lauren-14pz4neo.png Figure 4: Hester Reeve, Live Artist. Archive selection: Lauren Whyte, The Adventure of the Sculpture 1988. From the Bretton Writing Project Collection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-lesley-butterworth-general-secretary-nsead-archive-23d14bfp.png Figure 5: Lesley Butterworth, General Secretary NSEAD. Archive selection – Susan Bosence, Hand Block Printing Textile Sample c.1980. Taken from the Pru Wallis-Myers Collection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-leonard-bartle-naea-archive-selection-wolfgang-2669s50j.png Figure 1: Leonard Bartle, NAEA. Archive selection – Wolfgang Craig Hainisch, Portrait of Cleo Nordi c.1950, from the The Legat Foundation Collection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-christine-parkinson-naea-volunteer-archive-xa5xf111.png Figure 2: Christine Parkinson, NAEA volunteer. Archive selection - Alexander Barclay-Russell’s Tin 1942, from the Roger Russell Collection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-roger-standen-naea-volunteer-archive-selection-3s0xpkju.png Figure 3: Roger Standen, NAEA volunteer. Archive selection – Albert E. Halliwell, Speed c.1930s. From the Albert E. Halliwell Collection https://scispace.com/papers/the-ultrafast-snap-of-a-finger-is-mediated-by-skin-friction-3eip4kxome 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-friction-and-compression-on-the-finger-29ltmpzj.png Figure 2. Effect of friction and compression on the finger snap. Fingers are covered in lubricated nitrile (low µ, pink), nitrile (moderate µ, green), latex rubber (high µ, purple), and a nitrile covered thimble (low contact area, blue) and angular displacement, velocity, and normal forces are reported. For lubricated nitrile, nitrile, and latex rubber experiments, N = 5 snaps are analyzed from three different people. For the nitrile covered thimble, five snaps are analyzed from one person. Snaps performed with lubricated nitrile and nitrile-covered thimble on fingers required longer than the shown 25 ms for the middle finger to reach a resting angle and this return to resting angle is omitted from the graph. The shaded areas represent variance of measurement at each point in time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-peak-vto-can-be-predicted-by-energetic-analysis-a-1kwwwf61.png Figure 7. Peak vto can be predicted by energetic analysis. A. Shown are the maximum kinetic energy achieved by the load K (black line), initial potential spring energy U (blue), and energy dissipated Ed (red) for each point µ from the soft body model. As µ increases, U increases until it reaches the maximum storage capacity of the system while Kmax achieves a peak before decreasing. Ed consistently increases with increasing µ. B. We calculated the the derivatives of potential energy and dissipated energy with respect to µ ( dU dµ and dEd dµ ) for the phenomenological model. It can be observed that the peak in K occurs at a µ where the difference in dU dµ and dEd dµ intersect, the point which marks the transition from a loading dominated regime to a dissipation dominated one. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-increasing-u-results-in-unique-trends-with-respect-38j63hqm.png Figure 6. Increasing µ results in unique trends with respect to vto and tul. A. As µ increases, the loaded Fs,0 increases until it reaches the limit of what the system can store. B. While in region 1, a loading dominated regime, tul decreases with µ due to the increase in Fs,0. However, once in region 2, an dissipation dominated regime, tul increases with µ as more energy is converted to frictional energy. C. While in the loading dominated regime, vto increases as Fs,0 increases, providing greater stored spring energy that is converted to kinetic energy. However, the system then transitions to an dissipation dominated regime where Fs,0 remains constant. This results in vto decreasing with µ because more energy is lost to friction, as represented by the increase in tul. Overall, this results in a peak in vto occurring at the transition between the loading dominated and dissipation dominated regimes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-model-output-is-qualitatively-similar-to-the-2bmh0x5z.png Figure 5. The model output is qualitatively similar to the kinematics of finger snapping experiments. A. The position of the load mass (ym) increases slowly until the system unlatches (occurring when N reaches 0). After this point, the load mass follows simple harmonic motion until it reaches its maximum velocity, at which point it takes off from the spring and continues at this velocity. B. The velocity of the load mass (vm) increases from zero until the system unlatches. The load mass follows simple harmonic motion until maximum velocity (vto) is reached, which is maintained after take off. The model shows an optimal µ of 0.20, as at µ lower or higher than this, the vto decreases. C. The normal force acting on the load mass (N ) begins at its maximum before decreasing to zero. When N = 0, the system has unlatched (tul). The previously noted optimal µ produces the lowest tul while lower and higher µ leads to higher tul. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-moderate-surface-friction-between-thumb-and-3gxr6ip4.png Figure 3. A moderate surface friction between thumb and finger results in highest observable velocities and accelerations. A. Variation of Fmax with varying frictional surfaces. Fmax represents the amount of force stored in the physiological springs within the finger system. The results show that the greater the µ, the larger the force that can be stored in the aforementioned spring. B. Variation of tul with varying frictional surfaces. tul is defined as the time of contact between the two fingers from first motion and therefore serves as a good indicator of how much energy is lost due to friction. It can be seen that tul increases with increasing µ indicating that as the friction increases, more energy is lost. C. Variation of ωmax with varying frictional surfaces. It can be observed that ωmax is highest for the nitrile covered snap which has a moderate coefficient of static friction compared to a lubricated covered snap (low µ) and the latex rubber covered snap (high µ). In addition, nitrile covered snap is orders of magnitude higher than a "latchless" snap, where no resistance by the thumb is given to the middle finger and pure muscle motion is allowed. In this example, it is also notable that the ωmax of the lubricated snap is very similar to that of the latchless snap, indicating that the low µ has disrupted the motion of the snap drastically. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-finger-snap-modelled-as-a-1-d-latch-spring-system-a-bf9ke1q6.png Figure 4. Finger snap modelled as a 1-D latch spring system. A. Schematic of finger snap showing motion of thumb (blue) which acts as the latch and middle finger (green) which acts as the load. B. Analogy to traditional latch mediated spring actuated systems where a latch (blue) allows for the storage of energy in the spring which later drives a load mass (green) as it unlatches. C. These schematics show the evolution of the system over time. Initially the system begins with the spring compressed and the load and latch positioned at angle θ0. The system moves as the unlatching motor acts on the latch, causing the load to accelerate in the positive y direction until the unlatch time is reached, which is the last time the latch and load are in contact. After this point, the load continues to accelerate solely due to the spring force with no other forces acting on it. This continues until the take off time is reached, which occurs when the equilibrium spring position is reached. After this point, the load continues to move without any external force. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-finger-snap-is-a-three-phase-predominantly-1-d-2xqj9d04.png Figure 1. The finger snap is a three-phase, predominantly 1-D motion exhibiting high speeds and accelerations. A. A piece of pottery from 320-310 B.C.E depicting Pan, the Greek god of the wild, dancing with a Manead with the hand curled in the shape of a finger snap. Images are public domain from [22]. B. Composite image of the motion at different timestamps of the snap from a side view. C. Kinematics and dynamics of the finger snap (n = 5). Angle measurements taken between points on wrist, knuckle, and tip of finger. Force measurements taken via tactile pressure sensor placed between middle finger and thumb during snap, aligned such that force reading reaches 0 at peak acceleration. D. Stills of a finger snap from the front showing the visible compression of the fingertip as energy is stored before being released and causing the nearly 1-D motion of both the thumb and the middle finger. https://scispace.com/papers/the-ultimate-determinants-of-central-bank-independence-2dtw9vtroe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-the-ultimate-determinants-of-central-bank-13vwdw2u.png Table 3.1. The ultimate determinants of central bank independence https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-shows-the-estimation-results-with-all-restrictions-34uygsjb.png Table 4.1 shows the estimation results, with all restrictions imposed in the former section, for the sample period 1960-1993 (for NAIRU, the sample period 1960-1988). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-gives-the-empirical-results-if-we-relaxonly-two-1j6hgmro.png Table 4.2 gives the empirical results, if we relaxonly two restrictions on the covariances, for the sample period 1960-1993 (for NAIRU: 1960-1988). First, the restriction on the covariance of [γ2, γ3] between the GMTT- and ES-index is eliminated. This implies that the disturbances of these indices may be correlated. Second, the restriction on the covariance of [γ2, ζ] between the GMTT-index and the regression equation - equation (4.2) with ξ = x - is lifted. This means that the disturbances between the GMTT-index and the regression equation can be correlated. All other restrictions on the model remain imposed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-the-optimal-degree-of-central-bank-independence-372eysvs.png Figure 3.1. The optimal degree of central bank independence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-illustrates-the-argument-graphically-clearly-a-eyq6eezr.png Figure 3.1. The optimal degree of central bank independence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-the-sequence-of-events-37k1jz6v.png Figure 2.1. The sequence of events. https://scispace.com/papers/the-uluzzian-in-the-north-of-italy-insights-around-the-new-1s4j25pomq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-retouched-tools-from-layers-1f-1g-1-curved-backed-1pbzjb4p.png Figure 9. Retouched tools from layers 1f-1g. (1) Curved backed knife on thin flake. (2a) Small lunate backed piece with proximal and distal retouches that partially renew a distal fracture (2b). (3) Fragment of a curved backed piece made on a thick flake by bipolar abrupt retouch. (4) Curved backed knife shaped by partial and direct abrupt retouch. (5-6) Fragments of curved backed knives made by direct abrupt retouch. (7) Refitting of a retouched blade characterized by direct, scaled retouch on the right edge, and marginal retouch on the left edge, converging on a frontal end-scraper. (8-9) Frontal end-scrapers on flake https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-ornaments-from-layers-1g-nos-1-to-5-and-1f-n-6-nos-2gs68ho1.png Figure 13. Ornaments from layers 1g (nos. 1 to 5) and 1f (n=6). Nos. 1 to 3 and 5 are fragments of Dentalium (Antalis) vulgaris, no. 4 of of Dentalium (Antalis) dentalis or inaequicostatum, no. 6 is a complete shell of Theodoxus danubialis. (A) SEM micrographs of the longitudinal scrapings oriented according to the main shell axis. (B) Stereomicroscope detail of the smoothed lower surface of the external edge; below, the detail of the interior of the scaphopoda at the time of discovery, showing a coating of red ocher. (C) Stereomicroscope detail of two short, transverse and isolated striations. (D) Stereomicroscope detail of the internal concretion sediment cover the coating of ocher. (E) Stereomicroscope detail of the smoothed lower surface of the external edge. (F) Stereomicroscope detail of a long, transverse and isolated striation with sinuous trend. (G) SEM micrograph showing the surface of the lower edge of an intentional perforation which was smoothed through use as a suspended object (shown). (H) Stereomicroscope micrograph of red ocher (indicated) in the stoma edge https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-plan-of-the-excavated-area-with-location-of-the-3lkm0twp.png Figure 3. Top: plan of the excavated area with location of the hearths and the reference stratigraphic section (red line). Bottom left: hearth S3 in layer 1g seen from the north. Bottom right: sketch section of the upper deposit of the Riparo Broion (units from 1 to 7) exposed across squares AA4, AA5 and AA6 (numbers of the grid are reported in figure 4; drawing by G. Di Anastasio and N. Cappellozza) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-bone-industry-from-layer-1g-1-broken-tip-of-an-awl-k967gct6.png Figure 12. Bone industry from layer 1g. (1) Broken tip of an awl reassembled from three fragments caused from bone dehydration and micrographs showing deep oblique scrapes to the major axis (A), longitudinal scraping and polishing (B), longitudinal scraping and abrasion (C). (2) Broken tip of a needle and micrograph of longitudinal scraping and fine polishing (D). (3) Broken tip of an awl or point (E) and micrograph of fine longitudinal scrapings (F). (4) Pointed artifact, likely an awl; stereomicroscope detail old fracture (G) and the longitudinal scraping and the use traces represented by cut-marks and uniform polishing (H); White arrows show the direction of these traces https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-table-of-the-analyzed-mammals-fish-and-birds-26dwmjbs.png Table 2. Summary table of the analyzed mammals, fish and birds bone remains from sub-unit 1e-1f-1g, with Number and percentage of Identified Specimens (NISP) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-distribution-pattern-of-anthropically-modified-1nr6qup1.png Figure 4. (1) Distribution pattern of anthropically modified faunal remains in layers 1f and 1g, showing concentrations in the proximity of hearth S3. (2) Percussion cones. (3) SEM and stereomicroscope micrographs of a large ungulate diaphysis with cut-marks produced during defleshing. (4) Possible elk (Cf. Alces alces) humerus. Note the longitudinal parallel scrapes related to the removal of the periosteum and a percussion mark with its cone still in place https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-the-radiocarbon-dates-3k6j0agf.png Table 1. List of the radiocarbon dates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-by-products-obtained-with-bipolar-technique-thin-ahiur8bt.png Figure 6. By-products obtained with bipolar technique. Thin, irregular and often hinged or fragmented bladelets/burin spalls and flakes (scales) can be recognized https://scispace.com/papers/the-ultrasonic-processing-of-dairy-products-an-overview-35ae8sbxkb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-micrographs-of-milk-samples-a-without-24jy4qeb.png Figure 3. Micrographs of milk samples: (a) without homogenization (average size of fat globules ~ 4–7 μm), (b) ultrasonic homogenization at 90 W for 10 min (average size of fat globules ~ 2 μm) and (c) ultrasonic homogenization at 450 W for 5 min (average size of fat globules < 1 μm). (Adapted from Figure 1 of [33].) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-ultrasound-on-hexagonal-ice-crystals-a-229bdqfg.png Figure 6. Effect of ultrasound on hexagonal ice crystals: (a) before ultrasound application, (b) ultrasound applied for 1 s, showing cavitation bubbles, (c) ultrasound induced cavitation causing melt and (d) randomized motion of cavitation bubbles after another 0.5 s. (Reprinted with permission from [27].) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-particle-size-distribution-measured-by-a-2h944olm.png Figure 11. The particle size distribution (measured by a Malvern Master Sizer) of 5% (w/w) reconstituted WPC80 solutions sonicated at 20 kHz and 31 W. No sonication (―), 10 min sonication (∙∙∙∙), 20 min sonication (- - -), 40 min sonication (– –) and 60 min sonication (― ∙). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-clarity-of-5-w-w-reconstituted-wpc80-solutions-1m2cis34.png Figure 10. The clarity of 5% (w/w) reconstituted WPC80 solutions sonicated at 20 kHz and 31 W: (a) water (the letter A could be clearly seen in the background), (b) 0 min sonication and (c) 60 min sonication. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-effect-of-sonication-on-the-tensile-strength-of-1bg4onfl.png Figure 9. Effect of sonication on the tensile strength of edible films of SC and WPC; treatment time = 30 min; power = 3–3.5 W. (Adapted from Figure 2 of [14].) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-acoustic-streaming-patterns-around-a-272-mm-radius-1p7yafkq.png Figure 1. Acoustic streaming patterns around a 272 μm radius bubble excited at 4 kHz. (Reprinted with permission from [91].) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-effects-of-different-processing-techniques-on-cswmmjzp.png Table I. The effects of different processing techniques on the rheological properties of WPC and WPI [53]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-ultrasonic-frequency-on-whey-permeation-23ir5wvp.png Figure 4. Effect of ultrasonic frequency on whey permeation (cross-flow rate = 550 mL·min−1, T = 20 °C, Cwhey = 6% (w/w) and ultrasound power = 300 W). (Adapted from Figure 11 of [72].) https://scispace.com/papers/the-uncertainty-effect-when-a-risky-prospect-is-valued-less-4j6kd8ytd8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-ii-willingness-to-pay-in-dollars-for-gift-certificate-13mq01ua.png FIGURE II Willingness-to-Pay (in Dollars) for Gift Certificate Lotteries https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-summary-statistics-for-real-stakes-pricing-studies-1mbhzs3e.png TABLE II SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR REAL-STAKES PRICING STUDIES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-valuation-of-a-risky-prospect-for-expected-utility-9e9svyjh.png FIGURE I Valuation of a Risky Prospect for Expected Utility Theory and Prospect Theory The uncertainty effect of a risky prospect, (x, p, y), is depicted for expected utility theory and prospect theory. The valuation under both models is increasing in the probability of the highest outcome x. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-iii-bids-in-dollars-for-ken-griffey-jr-baseball-cards-3iblhcp8.png FIGURE III Bids (in Dollars) for Ken Griffey, Jr. Baseball Cards https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-statistics-for-hypothetical-pricing-studies-2ztqu8qk.png TABLE I SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR HYPOTHETICAL PRICING STUDIES https://scispace.com/papers/the-unemployment-gender-gap-during-the-2007-recession-4p0xxj6v75 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sectoral-composition-of-job-losses-december-2007-7mjyqy09.png Table 2 Sectoral Composition of Job Losses, December 2007–August 2009 Percent https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-decomposition-of-unemployment-rate-moves-2wm3a43n.png Table 1 Decomposition of Unemployment Rate Moves https://scispace.com/papers/the-uneven-geography-of-global-civil-society-national-and-3xi1cuewu3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-from-negative-binomial-regression-of-tsmo-17ketjoh.png Table 2: Results from Negative Binomial Regression of TSMO Participation on Measures of Domestic Opportunity and Global Integration with Controls (N=144) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-variables-used-in-2nvhxgah.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics for variables used in analysis https://scispace.com/papers/the-unemployment-volatility-puzzle-is-wage-stickiness-the-32lgrpbjcn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-model-results-at-different-job-creation-costs-iyiwvdfl.png Table 6: Model results at different job creation costs https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimates-of-the-cyclicality-of-hourly-wages-united-1s9q9e4q.png Table 4: Estimates of the cyclicality of hourly wages, United States https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimates-of-the-cyclicality-of-hourly-wages-europe-1efv0vj9.png Table 5: Estimates of the cyclicality of hourly wages, Europe https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-impact-of-1-percent-higher-common-productivity-on-3dx3xyu6.png Table 3: Impact of 1 percent higher common productivity on equilibrium outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-values-quarterly-data-2gpjnnav.png Table 1: Parameter values, quarterly data https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-model-solutions-nash-wages-3qzbgp84.png Table 2: Model solutions, Nash wages https://scispace.com/papers/the-unified-catalogue-of-earthquakes-in-central-northern-and-2f74b8y0gw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-polygons-accounting-for-the-geographical-14jnyajs.png Fig. 1 The polygons accounting for the geographical limitation of the validity of used regional catalogues. To the south, the polygons are cut at latitude 44°N with the exceptions that the southern border of Romania is followed and the border north of the Iberian Peninsula is slightly north of 44°N. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-regression-of-ml-vs-i0-and-h-for-earthquakes-in-a-1usyfipu.png Fig. 5 Regression of ML vs. I0 and h for earthquakes in a) Austria (311 data points), b) Belgium and The Netherlands (27 data points), c) Fennoscandia (116 data points), and d) Germany (82 data points), Eqs. 9, 10, 11, and 12, respectively. The range of grey colours for the data points and regression lines refers to the range of source depths https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-regression-of-ml-data-from-szgrf-2007-vs-ml-data-from-3od7rk4h.png Fig. 3 Regression of ML data from SZGRF (2007) vs. ML data from LDG (2005) for earthquakes in France in 1994-2004 (93 data points), Eq. 3 for ML < 4.65. For ML ≥ 4.65, ML (SZGRF) = ML (LDG) is set (the dashed lines denote the 68% confidence bounds) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-updated-mw-ml-relations-for-central-europe-based-104nt88m.png Fig. 2 a) The updated Mw-ML relations for central Europe based on data in G&W03 extended by new data as explained in Section 4.1 (in total 221 data points; the dashed lines denote the 68% confidence bounds), Eq. 2; b) comparison of the new and old (G&W03) Mw-ML relations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-epicentres-of-the-catalogue-entries-about-8000-events-ngnazyow.png Fig. 6 Epicentres of the catalogue entries, about 8,000 events with Mw ≥ 3.50 in the time period 1000-2004. The red line denotes the outer border of the polygons https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-frequency-of-the-earthquakes-of-the-catalogue-in-half-15v2znfp.png Fig. 7 Frequency of the earthquakes of the catalogue in half magnitude classes. The events in the polygon AOI are excluded https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-regressions-of-mw-data-from-swiss-moment-tensor-3vpyczpj.png Fig. 4 Regressions of Mw data from Swiss Moment Tensor Solutions (2006) on INGV (2007) local magnitude data (ML and Md): a) Mw-ML with data since August 2001 (110 data points), Eq. 4; b) Mw-Md (119 data points), Eq. 7 (the dashed lines denote the 68% confidence bounds) https://scispace.com/papers/the-united-nations-development-programme-3oj9udayrc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-offer-to-comply-with-other-conditions-and-related-28in1dpl.png TABLE 3 : Offer to Comply with Other Conditions and Related Requirements https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-operating-costs-if-applicable-2rs9b55s.png TABLE 2 : Estimated Operating Costs (if applicable) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-offer-to-supply-goods-compliant-with-technical-2dm3b1dj.png TABLE 1 : Offer to Supply Goods Compliant with Technical Specifications and https://scispace.com/papers/the-universal-remote-console-a-universal-access-bus-for-vs2hq4jbd7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-universal-remote-console-specifications-3jdofx5f.png Figure 1. The Universal Remote Console specification’s structure and components. https://scispace.com/papers/the-unreasonable-fairness-of-maximum-nash-welfare-3s54aufs9j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mms-and-pairwise-mms-approximation-of-the-mnw-solution-kbeaesbh.png Fig. 1. MMS and Pairwise MMS approximation of the MNW solution on real-world data from Spliddit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-nonlinear-discrete-optimization-program-x-8a4ft2jq.png Fig. 2. Nonlinear discrete optimization program x https://scispace.com/papers/the-ups-and-downs-of-beta-oscillations-in-sensorimotor-44jz0iig5s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-task-related-modulations-of-human-eeg-and-monkey-lfp-2z94tqbt.png Fig. 2. Task related modulations of human EEG and monkey LFP sensorimotor cortex beta o motor cortex (electrode C3, contralateral to the active arm) in 2 different types of pre-cuein hands on a ‘home-pad’. E1 (visual warning cue) either provided complete information (ALL) or no information about the upcoming grasp (NO). E2 (GO) always provided complete inf (Pfurtscheller and Lopes da Silva, 1999a). Briefly, signals from each trial were filtered be smoothed with a Gaussian convolution (500 ms width). Subsequently, the data were conve jects. The E0–E1 interval was 500 ms, E1 was presented for 200 ms and the E1–E2 interval duration task epochs for the ALL pre-cueing conditions (calculated with a fast Fourier trans motor cortex contralateral to the active arm, of one monkey. At E0 (200 ms duration) an au (both delays either 700 or 1500 ms, here only trials with 700 ms delay durations are shown ment was made after the E2 (GO-signal). D) Mean normalized power spectra (± standard er details on the data analysis. Selected task epochs: Ep1—pre-cue; Ep2—post-cue; Ep3—pre-G Subplots (A–B) are unpublished data from M. Zaepffel and T. Brochier and (C–D) are modifi https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ups-and-downs-of-beta-components-a-schematic-3q4ncc0w.png Fig. 3. Ups and downs of beta components. A schematic representation of the main modulations of sensorimotor cortex beta power in the different task epochs that are discussed in this review. The gray traces represent major processes contributing to either increases (upward deflections) or decreases (downward deflections) in beta power. The black trace at the bottom is a simple summation of these processes, and might to some extent reflect the complex modulations of beta power in different task epochs that are observed in EEG or LFP recordings. Depending on the dominance of the different processes, the observed (summed) beta might vary across studies. For instance, the overall degree of power decrease or increase in the pre-GO epoch (before E2) is mainly governed by the counterbalance between motor readiness (power decrease) and GO-signal expectancy (power increase). Please note that for simplicity we have here assumed that the processes in the different traces are independent, which to some degree still remains to be verified experimentally. Only the upper trace combines posture vs. movement, as they are logically opposed, including an additional increase in beta power just after movement end, representing the post movement beta rebound. Furthermore, we have added a small modulation in the signal processing trace also after the GO-signal (E2), even though so far no literature on sensorimotor beta oscillations tried to separate GO-signal processing from movement execution in delay tasks. In addition, a movement is typically made to trigger E0 (trial start), so we also modulate the posture/movement trace around E0. Finally, we have chosen to modulate the signal expectancy trace towards trial end. This is because in most monkey studies this is the time of reward, which is the main goal for the monkey. Modulations of sensorimotor cortex beta oscillations in relation to reward expectancy were not yet studied in monkeys, so the proposed modulation is purely speculative, based on the power increases during anticipation of other sensory events (e.g. E1). https://scispace.com/papers/the-up-regulation-of-cxcl12-cxcr4-axis-by-radiotherapy-could-33s90jiz72 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2zs94bkf.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a70whj2k.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-juf9hlth.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1ti62uxp.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2mt21ew0.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3h7l8yem.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-list-of-the-signi-cantly-impacted-pathways-uwhcx106.png Table 2. The list of the signi cantly impacted pathways. https://scispace.com/papers/the-unrelaxed-dynamical-structure-of-the-galaxy-cluster-56klyuior3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-chandra-observations-3nsirfk5.png Table 2 List of Chandra Observations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-substructures-of-the-galaxy-distributions-overlaid-w1y4zcs3.png Figure 5. Substructures of the galaxy distributions overlaid on the X-ray image and the X-ray surface brightness contours. Colored solid circles show the galaxies belonging to the individual substructures listed in Table 1. The position of the BCG is indicated by the purple cross. The color code is the same as in Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-velocity-distributions-of-the-a85-substructures-2on9wum3.png Figure 6. Velocity distributions of the A85 substructures identified with the third threshold. The upper panel shows the velocity histograms. The bottom panel shows the best Gaussian fits. The black vertical line shows the position of the average redshift zavg=0.0554 as a reference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-color-magnitude-diagram-of-the-galaxy-members-of-38hzdlkk.png Figure 7. Color–magnitude diagram of the galaxy members of the A85 substructures identified with the third threshold. The color code of the substructure is the same as in Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-x-ray-region-fitting-results-2s1qlyvh.png Table 3 X-ray Region Fitting Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-measured-redshift-of-a85-in-the-literature-the-3bd2wbmy.png Figure 1. The measured redshift of A85 in the literature. The blue vertical line and the gray shaded area indicate the redshift of the BCG and its error, z=0.0554±0.0002 (Adelman-McCarthy et al. 2008). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-region-division-of-the-x-ray-surface-brightness-3mfrapj3.png Figure 8. Region division of the X-ray surface brightness with the substructures of the galaxy distribution overlaid. The colors of the galaxies (squares) are the same as in the right panel of Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-redshifts-of-the-optical-substructures-of-a85-red-jkxy1om1.png Figure 10. Redshifts of the optical substructures of A85 (red dots) andredshifts of the X-ray regions (blue squares). The abscissas of the blue squares are chosen accordingto their supposedly correlated optical substructures. The black solid line is the mean redshift zavg=0.0554. https://scispace.com/papers/the-us-ban-on-turkmen-cotton-and-it-s-impact-on-turkmenistan-4x9bb21ps6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-turkeys-trade-relations-with-turkmenistan-source-2r56dg9y.png Table 1 Turkey’s trade relations with Turkmenistan (Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Turkey) https://scispace.com/papers/the-urgent-need-for-an-enforced-awareness-programme-to-qt6zp8vl2x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-awareness-programmes-2oleg3wm.png Figure 1. Awareness Programmes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-awareness-programme-flowchart-fah85c11.png Figure 1. Awareness Programmes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-compulsory-secured-access-to-the-web-for-internet-kqqasdwd.png Figure 2. Compulsory secured access to the web for Internet users [6] https://scispace.com/papers/the-usage-of-isbsg-data-fields-in-software-effort-estimation-59glg0eps5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-search-process-for-the-selection-of-studies-2tzzqeuy.png Figure 1. Search process for the selection of studies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-36k1tvsa.png Table 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2tlbcr15.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-number-of-independent-variables-used-per-paper-veidyi9x.png Figure 9. Number of independent variables used per paper. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-3rg7psxq.png Table 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-evolution-of-the-five-year-average-relative-hvxdw5a6.png Figure 8. Evolution of the five-year average relative presence of the used ISBSG attributes groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1re1xqgr.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-1ctc9aww.png Table 9 https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-and-impacts-of-bank-support-on-uk-small-and-medium-3972qsrvr3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-estimated-probabilities-of-suffering-financial-1spwznr8.png Figure 1: Estimated Probabilities of Suffering Financial Problem over Length of Relationship Banking for SMEs (Controlling other variables at mean value for continuous variables or median value for binary variables excluding length of relationship banking) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-main-external-source-of-support-and-advice-used-2w937cd0.png Table 1: The main external source of support and advice used by SMEs and its usefulness https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variable-definition-and-descriptive-statistics-2rhy881m.png Table 2: Variable Definition and Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-f3hed116.png Table 2: Variable Definition and Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-matrix-jnsaykno.png Table 3: Correlation Matrix https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-and-influence-of-indicators-in-decisions-about-4ythfkc7sw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-components-of-strategic-decision-making-processes-3e557v1s.png Figure 1 – Components of strategic decision making processes https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-and-percentage-of-answers-to-the-question-do-eacm9mpq.png Table 3 – Number and percentage of answers to the question “Do you think that indicators were more influential than social relations during the technology decision?” by group https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-influence-of-indicators-in-technology-decisions-1im5pn8l.png Table 4 - The influence of indicators in technology decisions by group https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-number-and-percentage-of-answers-in-relation-to-the-re967r1i.png Table 6 – Number and percentage of answers in relation to the use of indicators by type of technology decision https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-number-and-percentage-of-answers-to-the-question-1px60g5s.png Table 7 – Number and percentage of answers to the question “What type of decision did you make in relation to the adoption and/or investment in technology (choose the most relevant one to your actual or past https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relationship-between-types-of-technologies-11ncfatr.png Table 1 – Relationship between types of technologies, complexity, uncertainty and use of indicators https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-most-relevant-types-of-influences-in-technology-23b8awg0.png Figure 2 – The most relevant types of influences in technology decisions by group https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-and-percentage-of-answers-to-the-question-did-fwd9vgqj.png Table 2 – Number and percentage of answers to the question “Did you use indicators during technology decision?” by group https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-a-continuous-flow-gradient-for-the-separation-of-osc5m0eibp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-effect-of-a-flow-gradient-on-the-column-zm1fegt9.png Table 1 The effect of a flow gradient on the column efficiency (N) and resolution (RS). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-separation-of-bromide-iodide-and-thiocyanate-a-189k1fzs.png Figure 2 Separation of bromide, iodide and thiocyanate (a) without and (b) with flow gradient. Eluent: 5 mmol dm–3 succinic acid. The profile of the flow gradient is shown by a dotted line. Detection: conductivity. Analyte concentrations, 2 mmol dm–3; sample volume, 5 µl. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-van-deemter-curves-for-bromide-iodide-and-3j89hqau.png Figure 1 The van Deemter curves for bromide, iodide and thiocyanate. Eluent: 5 mmol dm–3 succinic acid. https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-and-meanings-of-prayer-by-recreational-marathon-594ctsgc21 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-analysis-examples-1ajzih34.png Table 2. Data analysis examples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-demographics-1dx6ghwx.png Table 1. Participant demographics. https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-a-mobile-robot-for-complete-sample-management-in-4nugrb63og 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mobile-robot-platform-and-close-up-of-the-robot-2h5f30el.png Figure 2. Mobile robot platform and close-up of the robot tool carrying a 50ml tube. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-image-processing-for-object-recognition-on-the-left-wg762y05.png Figure 4. Image processing for object recognition. On the left the captured image of an optical marker and a 50ml tube, on the right the processed image showing the different segments for the search colours. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-automated-sample-management-process-sftbnanx.png Figure 1. The automated sample management process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-localisation-with-the-aid-of-laser-scanners-the-w8jrv8lm.png Figure 3. Localisation with the aid of laser scanners. The robot’s environment seen from the top at the height of the laser scanners showing the acquired distance information. https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-a-high-pressure-scanning-tunneling-microscope-as-47fp2lv95r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-the-diameters-and-the-depths-of-the-created-holes-b-1faei3qt.png FIG. 8. (a) The diameters and the depths of the created holes. (b) The pressure dependence of the peak bias voltage required for the creation of hills or holes or for leaving the a-C:H surface unaffected. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-measured-resistance-voltage-characteristics-of-a-hill-qgk5mzxc.png FIG. 7. Measured resistance-voltage characteristics of a hill for a triangular bias voltage (inset). (i), (ii) and (iii) represent the resistance measured at the first, forth, and sixth uprarnp of bias voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-sketch-of-the-calotte-model-for-the-created-hollow-2o7qrz6a.png FIG. 9. Sketch of the calotte model for the created hollow hills by the STM including the symbols used for the calculation of the stress relaxation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-image-of-a-electrochemically-etched-pt-ir-tip-used-312n5wgz.png FIG. 2. SEM image of a electrochemically etched Pt/Ir tip used for lithography experiments with a radius of curvature of 300 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-tue-fowler-nordheim-plot-for-the-measured-i-v-curve-q4pmdvdp.png FIG. 4. (a) Tue Fowler-Nordheim plot for the measured i( v) curve. The linear behavior indicates the field emission of electrons from the tip. (b) Tue resulting hole in the surface due to a local etching process induced by reactive oxygen ions created by the field-emitted electrons. Lithography parameters: 1 bar 0 2, feedback off, tip to sample separation 50 nm, bias voltage ramp 0-45 V, negative tip. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-the-fowler-nordheim-plot-for-the-measured-i-v-curve-2hutapf4.png FIG. 5. (a) The Fowler-Nordheim plot for the measured i(v) curve. At Ubia.=38 V the current shows a very steep increase which can be associated with the onset of a dielectric breakdown. (b) Tue resulting hill with ht d =0.07. This local delamination corresponds to a relaxation of the compres· sive stress in the a-C:H film. Lithography parameters: 10 bar 0 2, feedback off, tip to sample separation 50 nm, bias voltage ramp 0-45 V, negative tip. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-two-hills-b-the-mobility-of-the-hills-a-and-b-they-30wy04dw.png FIG. 6. (a) Two hills. (b) The mobility of the hills A and B. They have merged together during lhe creation of the hole. The dashed boxes mark the mark polishing lines in the sample to mark corresponding areas. https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-a-positive-mood-induction-video-clip-to-target-4y9sfuonnr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-linear-mixed-effects-model-for-anticipation-of-14yfj8qk.png Table 3. The linear mixed effects model for “anticipation of relief” showed a significant main 259 effect of condition and time. Participants reported higher scores in the neutral vodcast condition 260 than in the positive mood vodcast condition across time points (t (85) = 2.64, p = 0.010). They 261 also reported significantly more anticipation of relief before exposure to the vodcasts than after, 262 across vodcast conditions (t (84) = 2.07, p = 0.041). The variance of the random intercept is 263 equal to 5.159 and the variance associated with the residuals is equal to 3.796. The Wald tests 264 associated with the fixed effects entered in the linear mixed model for anticipation of relief are 265 reported in Supplementary Table 4. 266 267 https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-a-propeller-flap-raised-on-a-previous-injured-and-2ai4drdwlg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-complete-degloving-of-the-left-leg-and-exposed-2opcjydg.png FIGURE 1 A: Complete degloving of the left leg and exposed tibial fracture stabilized by external fixators. B: A 10 cm3 15 cmpropeller flap based on two perforators from the distal posterior tibial artery is harvested on a previous skin-grafted area. The propeller itself consisted ofmuscular fascia and the graft coated onto it. C: Immediate postoperative aspect. D: Six-month postoperative aspect https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-a-radiolucent-template-to-improve-bone-age-x-ray-4xa4gncsh2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-study-population-age-profile-2a6wvjd5.png Table 1, Study population age profile https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-radiolucent-hand-template-with-and-without-hand-qnt6fa9q.png Figure 1, Radiolucent hand template (with and without hand). https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-accounting-and-stock-market-data-to-predict-bank-1lame3sxz8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-market-indicators-vayvxw6r.png Table 5. Market Indicators https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-financial-deterioration-and-early-indicators-3mx0hs5u.png Table 6. Financial Deterioration and Early Indicators: Univariate Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-downgrades-information-1i7g39vh.png Table 3. Downgrades Information https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-financial-deterioration-and-early-indicators-2899tbn1.png Table 7. Financial Deterioration and Early Indicators: Stepwise Results – Accounting Indicators https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-on-summary-accounting-59e4lgbn.png Table 2. Descriptive Statistics on Summary Accounting Information https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-financial-deterioration-and-early-indicators-1fhrfqdf.png Table 8. Financial Deterioration and Early Indicators: Stepwise Results – With Market Indicators https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-accounting-ratios-rj-category-name-definitions-1w5d2oyr.png Table 4. Accounting Ratios Rj Category Name Definitions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-definition-of-the-dependent-variable-y-1gyzcvg1.png Figure 1. Definition of the Dependent Variable Y. https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-anti-malarial-drugs-to-prevent-malaria-in-the-5db0oacg67 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-building-the-panama-canal-wellcome-library-london-luq69oa8.png FIGURE 2. Building the Panama Canal. (Wellcome Library, London). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-outstanding-issues-on-the-use-of-ipti-28h2nslk.png TABLE 2 Outstanding issues on the use of IPTi* https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-approaches-to-the-administration-of-anti-malarial-oo3623xz.png TABLE 1 Approaches to the administration of anti-malarial drugs as a means of preventing malaria in the population of malaria-endemic communities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-antimalarials-in-italy-in-the-1930s-kolybxil.png FIGURE 1. Distribution of antimalarials in Italy in the 1930s. (Archivio Casini, Sezione di storia della medicina, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’). https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-antidepressant-medication-in-parkinson-s-disease-d6g4rr6ggb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hazard-ratio-and-95-ci-for-time-to-first-anti-37gj5tbh.png Table 2 Hazard ratio (and 95% CI) for time to first anti-depressant medication prescription according to type of first PD medication prescribed https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hazard-ratio-and-95-ci-for-first-antidepressant-3oif69vy.png Table 3 Hazard ratio (and 95% CI) for first antidepressant medication prescription according to type of first PD medication used by sex and age https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-cfd-to-improve-the-performance-of-a-chilled-multi-1y4bphmc94 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5a-streamlines-predicted-by-cfd-from-the-exit-of-the-26ao09pp.png Figure 5a shows streamlines predicted by CFD from the exit of the evaporator and Figure 5b velocity vectors predicted by CFD in a horizontal plane at the height of the first set of holes in the rear grille for the modified cabinet (length of evaporator extended such that there was https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-velocity-vectors-predicted-by-cfd-in-a-vertical-366hcafa.png Figure 7. Velocity vectors predicted by CFD in a vertical plane at the top of the cabinet. The length of the vector is proportional to the air velocity, the colour represents the temperature (air curtain 0.375 m.s-1 and 60 mm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-temperatures-recorded-over-24-hours-at-the-position-r5inp2ba.png Figure 8. Temperatures recorded over 24 hours at the position of the maximum and minimum temperature together with the overall mean and exposed mean (mean of ‘m’ packs that can be viewed from the front of the cabinet) of all ‘m’ packs within the cabinet after modification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4b-velocity-vectors-predicted-by-cfd-in-a-horizontal-gka26j3z.png Figure 4b. Velocity vectors predicted by CFD in a horizontal plane at the height of set of holes in the rear grille for the un-modified cabinet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4a-streamlines-predicted-by-cfd-from-the-exit-of-the-2n2a5rk0.png Figure 4b. Velocity vectors predicted by CFD in a horizontal plane at the height of set of holes in the rear grille for the un-modified cabinet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5a-shows-streamlines-predicted-by-cfd-from-the-exit-1nvonvza.png Figure 5a shows streamlines predicted by CFD from the exit of the evaporator and Figure 5b velocity vectors predicted by CFD in a horizontal plane at the height of the first set of holes in the rear grille for the modified cabinet (length of evaporator extended such that there was https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5b-velocity-vectors-predicted-by-cfd-in-a-horizontal-qbh56jxd.png Figure 5a shows streamlines predicted by CFD from the exit of the evaporator and Figure 5b velocity vectors predicted by CFD in a horizontal plane at the height of the first set of holes in the rear grille for the modified cabinet (length of evaporator extended such that there was https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-temperatures-recorded-over-24-hours-at-the-position-s4ozzdz9.png Figure 3. Temperatures recorded over 24 hours at the position of the maximum and minimum temperature together with the overall mean and exposed mean (mean of ‘m’ packs that can be viewed from the front of the cabinet) of all ‘m’ packs within the cabinet before modification. https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-acoustically-detected-filled-and-silent-pauses-in-1qxmda05oi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-performance-improvement-of-our-proposed-method-fp-sp-3hnja1w6.png Fig. 3. Performance improvement of our proposed method (FP + SP). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-decoding-with-pause-skipping-2ia8jd6d.png Fig. 2. Decoding with pause skipping. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-examples-of-improvements-obtained-by-our-proposed-1i11494q.png Fig. 4. Examples of improvements obtained by our proposed method. “Transcript” shows a correct word sequence, “Utterance” shows an actual utterance with filled pauses (“-” with underlines) and silent pauses [sp], “Baseline” shows a recognition result by the baseline method without any extension, and “Proposed” shows a recognition result obtained by our proposed method by skipping both filled and silent pauses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-overview-3aia7as4.png Fig. 1. System overview. https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-brush-management-methods-a-texas-landowner-survey-2jy06ek5fu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-perceptions-of-respondents-regarding-a-treatment-fygkfk95.png Figure 4. Perceptions of respondents regarding a) treatment efficacy, b) per-acre cost, and c) information availability of 4 treatment categories for mesquite, juniper, and prickly pear (IPT, individual plant treatment; dispersion bars represent 95% confidence interval [CI]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-extent-of-use-of-brush-busters-approved-individual-fj26jjec.png Figure 5. Extent of use of Brush Busters–approved individual plant treatments for alternative purposes (5 ¼ extremely used . . . 1 ¼ not used; dispersion bars represent 95% confidence interval [CI]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-importance-of-brush-management-objectives-when-1op7nmte.png Figure 1. Importance of brush management objectives when considering application of brush control on property (5 ¼ very important . . . 1 ¼ not important; dispersion bars represent 95% confidence interval [CI]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-importance-placed-by-landowners-on-different-335l0u1u.png Figure 3. Importance placed by landowners on different categories of brush management (5 ¼ very important . . . 1 ¼ not important; dispersion bars represent 95% confidence interval [CI]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-importance-of-factors-affecting-landowner-choice-of-1ni9tjcx.png Figure 2. Importance of factors affecting landowner choice of type of brush treatment (5 ¼ very important . . . 1 ¼ not important; dispersion bars represent 95% confidence interval [CI]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-usefulness-of-various-sources-of-information-about-1n9q3a9m.png Figure 6. Usefulness of various sources of information about Brush Busters (5 ¼ very useful . . . 1 ¼ not useful; dispersion bars represent 95% confidence interval [CI]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-perceived-importance-of-certain-aspects-of-brush-2z0utp81.png Figure 7. Perceived importance of certain aspects of Brush Busters in attracting the attention of landowners (5 ¼ very important . . . 1 ¼ not important; dispersion bars represent 95% confidence interval [CI]). https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-external-within-person-variance-estimates-to-zxyvixoggd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-prevalence-of-inadequate-vitamin-c-intake-by-the-igcpsxai.png Table 4 Prevalence of inadequate vitamin C intake by the Estimated Average Requirement cut-point method using internal and external variance estimates to adjust the usual intake distribution, 9–13-year-old children https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-9-13-year-old-children-from-the-1dux3cgz.png Table 1 Demographics of 9–13-year-old children from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) and the US Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-day-and-average-intake-of-vitamin-c-mg-by-37xflmmq.png Table 2 Estimated day and average intake of vitamin C (mg) by sex for 9–13-year-old children from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) in 1996 and 2000*, and the US Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) in 1996 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-variance-estimates-used-to-adjust-rlms-1996-usual-2pp69zz0.png Table 3 Variance estimates* used to adjust RLMS 1996 usual intake distribution https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-dielectric-and-nmr-measurements-to-determine-the-4w5ttxa2ow 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-t1-relaxation-times-for-pore-fluids-after-48-hour-1f4ufpzv.png Figure 2. T1 relaxation times for pore fluids after 48 hour equilibration with water-wet (open symbols) and oil-wet (solid symbols) sands. The fluids were 0.01 M NaCl. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-t1-relaxation-times-for-water-wet-open-symbols-and-2q6w6x4i.png Figure 1. T1 relaxation times for water-wet (open symbols) and oil-wet (solid symbols) sands saturated with fluids with variation in salinity and pH. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-of-t1-ave-for-different-types-of-silane-znu4op7m.png Table 2: Values of T1 ave for different types of silane treatments. https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-flat-panel-angioct-dynact-for-navigation-through-3x9n13c208 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-post-interventional-3d-reconstruction-showing-stents-r3afd9ai.png Fig. 4 a Post-interventional 3D reconstruction showing stents in the internal carotid artery. b Magnification of the stentin-stent reconstruction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-b-axial-and-sagittal-multiplanar-dynact-2im99dae.png Fig. 3 a, b Axial and sagittal multiplanar DynaCT reconstructions illustrating the correct position of the guidewire within the stent not entering through stent meshes (arrow) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-pre-interventional-follow-up-magnetic-resonance-1wa4jal4.png Fig. 2 a Pre-interventional follow-up magnetic resonance angiography showing an asymptomatic high-grade in-stent stenosis of the left CCA. b Right lateral 3D reconstruction of the DynaCT data set showing the deformity of the carotid stent. c Right lateral fluoroscopic image depicting the fractured stent meshes (arrows) of the proximal stent https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-dsa-depicting-recurrent-high-grade-stenosis-after-3bmkr9be.png Fig. 1 a DSA depicting recurrent high-grade stenosis after carotid endarterectomy using a venous patch. b Post-interventional angiogram illustrating vessel lumen reconstruction and correct stent placement https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-health-care-services-and-psychotropic-medication-7ceglv3smp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-child-and-family-demographic-characteristics-lj1clxb8.png Table 1 Child and family demographic characteristics according to the ADIKA diagnostic status https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristics-among-children-with-without-livnq74s.png Table 3 Characteristics among children with/without stimulant treatment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sampling-design-for-the-study-of-attention-disorders-rfai4qn3.png Fig. 1 Sampling design for the ‘‘Study of Attention Disorders in Maastricht’’ https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-numbers-of-children-receiving-types-of-services-by-34vwi47k.png Table 2 Numbers of children receiving types of services by ADIKA diagnostic status https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-health-economics-to-guide-drug-development-5en37bsb8s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-rsv-related-hospitalisations-averted-for-a-1xrn8g9u.png Table 2 Number of RSV related hospitalisations averted for a birth-cohort of Dutch infants for a range of vaccine effectiveness and start of protective immunity by month of life (95% confidence intervals are shown between brackets) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-cohort-of-children-2fzyz64v.png Table 1 Characteristics of the cohort of children hospitalised with proven RSVinfection during RSV-seasons 1996–1997 to 1999–2000 [16] https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-ict-in-the-first-grade-of-primary-school-for-1bxlaeen03 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-students-watched-the-story-the-family-of-shapes-19l689hz.png Figure 1. Students watched the story ‘The Family of Shapes’ (first level). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-each-student-was-instructed-to-make-fake-cookies-1eyg8clx.png Figure 4. Each student was instructed to make fake cookies from plasticine (fourth level). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-students-completed-a-software-activity-fifth-level-2scl6y49.png Figure 5. Students completed a software activity (fifth level). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-student-had-to-recognize-shapes-third-level-3y2gs2ip.png Figure 3. The student had to recognize shapes (third level). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-student-did-a-drawing-activity-second-level-n4uji8dv.png Figure 2. The student did a drawing activity (second level). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-student-scores-for-squares-in-post-1ekluepu.png Table 5. Comparison of student scores for squares in post-test: ANCOVA analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-students-fcpst-pre-test-28fslfc6.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics for students’ FCPST pre-test scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-student-scores-for-rectangles-in-71wkz9xa.png Table 4. Comparison of student scores for rectangles in posttest: ANCOVA analysis https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-immersive-360-videos-for-foreign-language-2xyjxnjix9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-stepwise-multiple-linear-regressions-between-tam-nxczk8zz.png Table 4. Stepwise multiple linear regressions between TAM factors and self-training 390 visualizations (dependent variable) 391 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-model-summary-of-the-glmm-p-005-p-001-387-random-32fzr8s1.png Table 3: Model summary of the GLMM. **= p<.005; ***= p< .001 387 Random effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-list-of-statements-measuring-students-attitudes-3hqi4uqo.png Table 1. The list of statements measuring students’ attitudes for the experimental group; 326 in brackets the alternative expression presented to the control group 327 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-n-number-of-valid-cases-se-2rx2nv7g.png Table 2. Descriptive statistics (N = number of valid cases; SE = standard error; Min. = 382 minimum; Max. = maximum). English vocabulary scores are computed as the number 383 of correct translated words by participants. 384 https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-ionic-liquids-in-the-processing-of-chitosan-silk-4ackfqol6b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-esem-images-of-the-surface-of-the-hydrogels-csf50c-a-3gg7v7d7.png Fig. 2 ESEM images of the surface of the hydrogels; CSF50C (A), CSF50S (B) and CSF30S (C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representative-optical-micrographs-of-the-csf-2sgbwyjb.png Fig. 1 Representative optical micrographs of the CSF hydrogels obtained after moulding and immersion in ethanol (24 hours) at room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sem-images-of-hdfs-seeded-on-csf-hydrogels-during-3-5uosocz6.png Fig. 8 SEM images of hDFs seeded on CSF hydrogels during 3 and 21 days of the studied culture time period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-mts-results-a-and-dsdna-content-b-of-hdfs-cells-on-csf-3e5fzhp0.png Fig. 9 MTS results (A) and dsDNA content (B) of hDFs cells on CSF hydrogels as a function of culture time. Data represent the mean ± standard deviation (p < 0.05, two-way ANOVA). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-evaluation-of-the-viscoelastic-properties-f-csf-1zooprcf.png Fig. 6 Evaluation of the viscoelastic properties f CSF hydrogels using DMA; (A) storage modulus (E′) and (B) loss factor (tan δ). Frequency scans were performed in a range of 0.1 to 10 Hz in wet conditions at 37 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparative-swelling-ratio-of-csf-hydrogels-after-24-344u9ej8.png Fig. 7 Comparative swelling ratio of CSF hydrogels after 24 hours of immersion time in different pHs. Data represent the mean ± standard deviation (*p < 0.05, two-way ANOVA). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ftir-spectra-of-csf30s-a-csf50s-b-and-csf50c-c-2ml1p4u3.png Fig. 4 FTIR spectra of CSF30S (a), CSF50S (b) and CSF50C (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-xrd-patterns-of-a-sf-after-degumming-purified-chtc-bhr5c3bw.png Fig. 5 XRD patterns of (A): SF (after degumming), purified CHTC, purified CHTS; (B): CSF50C, CSF50C and CS30S. https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-localizers-robots-and-synergistic-devices-in-cas-137qzs0is1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-padyc-a-two-degrees-of-freedom-laboratory-prototype-33b9qwac.png Fig. 1. (a) PADyC: A two degrees of freedom laboratory prototype. The operator moves the PAD-y CyC in the plane and the system constrains the motion according to pre-planned strategy. (Courtesy of Dr Jocelyne Troccaz, TIMC Laboratory) (b) Cobot: A two degrees of freedom prototype. The operator moves the cobot in the plane using the handle and the system automatically rotates the wheel in order to describe a given trajectory. (Courtesy of Dr Michael Peshkin, North Western University) (c) Close-up of ACROBOT mechanism and end-effector showing controlled degrees of freedom (Courtesy of Dr Brian Davies, Imperial College of London) https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-palmtop-computers-for-learning-a-review-of-the-4lhthqt5ov 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-levels-of-objectives-mobile-computers-in-education-30492l0v.png Figure 1 Levels of objectives: mobile computers in education https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-preformed-nanoparticles-in-the-production-of-3hubb63v0x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bright-field-tem-images-of-a-fe-mcm-and-b-fe-puralox-2b7buavk.png Fig. 1: Bright field TEM images of (a) Fe-MCM and (b) Fe-Puralox. Whilst both the pore structure and nanoparticles are evident in the TEM image of FeMCM, the crystalline nature and small crystal size of Puralox make it indistinguishable from the iron oxide nanoparticles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-further-electron-microscopy-of-the-assembled-materials-z3ixo6fu.png Fig. 2: Further electron microscopy of the assembled materials; (a) HAADF STEM image of Fe-MCM in which the distribution of the nanoparticles is highlighted by atomic contrast, (b) higher magnification HAADF STEM image of Fe-MCM in which both the nanoparticles and pores are viewed, (c) EDX analysis of the region in (b), (d) bright field TEM image of Fe-puralox in which the puralox particles cannot be distinguished from the iron oxide, and (e) corresponding Fe L EFTEM map of Fe-puralox in which the iron oxide particles are clearly identified. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-energy-filtered-tem-was-used-to-determine-the-1rty5csp.png Fig. 3: Energy Filtered TEM was used to determine the distribution of elements in the Fe-puralox material. (a) Bright field TEM image; (b) false coloured elemental map where aluminium is green, iron is red and oxygen is blue; (c) aluminium L map; (d) iron L map; and (e) oxygen K map. These EFTEM maps show that the iron oxide exists as both clusters and dispersed particles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-h2-tpr-profiles-solid-and-tga-dotted-for-calcined-223djexe.png Fig. 4: The H2-TPR profiles (solid) and TGA (dotted) for calcined Fe-MCM (left) and calcined Fe-puralox (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-textural-properties-of-the-nanocatalysts-3vzshxh1.png Table 1: Textural properties of the nanocatalysts https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-non-linear-regression-methods-for-analysing-1uxispet6d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i1-velocities-a-il-conditions-of-impact-of-a-given-pro-2npo07mg.png TABLE I1 Velocities a~il Conditions of Impact of a Given Pro jec t i le Fired a t a Given Armour Pla te https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-toxicity-of-rotenone-t-o-chrysanthemum-aphis-3hogbr2v.png TABLE I1 Velocities a~il Conditions of Impact of a Given Pro jec t i le Fired a t a Given Armour Pla te https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-pseudo-inverse-methods-in-reconstructing-loads-on-8wjayva2ay 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-correlation-coefficients-and-nrmse-for-step-load-2ye16k7h.png Table 6 Correlation coefficients and NRMSE for step load reconstruction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-step-load-condition-1-reconstructed-loads-a-point-ovd0oh01.png Figure 6 Step load condition 1: reconstructed loads, (a) point 226 reconstructed forces via frequency response https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlation-coefficients-and-nrmse-for-step-load-j1gunqob.png Table 5 Correlation coefficients and NRMSE for step load reconstruction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-step-load-condition-2-reconstructed-loads-a-point-3mfcde2v.png Figure 7 Step load condition 2: reconstructed loads, (a) point 226 reconstructed forces via frequency response https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-step-load-condition-2-reconstructed-loads-a-point-3ti1w53j.png Figure 7 Step load condition 2: reconstructed loads, (a) point 226 reconstructed forces via frequency response https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-step-load-condition-2-reconstructed-loads-a-point-2ukn1wuc.png Figure 7 Step load condition 2: reconstructed loads, (a) point 226 reconstructed forces via frequency response https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reconstruction-via-frequency-response-analysis-3rgzmtn2.png Figure 1 Reconstruction via frequency response analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-geometric-properties-of-fe-missile-model-2l1j8o1y.png Table 1 Geometric properties of FE missile model https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-semi-quantitative-tests-at-cesarean-section-pgaf3bn0m2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-487-2yvttnz4.png Table 1 487 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-495-1essy0pt.png Table 3 495 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-490-er4uo94w.png Table 2 490 https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-toxicokinetics-and-exposure-studies-to-show-that-35zi6m5ttg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pharmacokinetic-parameters-obtained-using-non-2sgxiv71.png Table 2: Pharmacokinetic parameters obtained using non-compartmental modelling for six adult Gyps vultures (G. africanus) treated with carprofen at 4.4 mg/kg via an oral gavage in Phase 3 and Phase 4 of a toxicity study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pharmacokinetic-parameters-obtained-using-non-1jax481t.png Table 1: Pharmacokinetic parameters obtained using non-compartmental modelling for six adult G. africanus treated with carprofen at 5 mg/kg body weight via intravenous injection (n = 2), intramuscular injection (n = 2) and oral gavage (n = 2). Each vulture has a unique code. Also shown are the geometric mean and standard deviation (SD). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plasma-concentration-versus-time-profile-for-the-31751qb7.png Figure 3: Plasma concentration versus time profile for the two birds treated with carprofen at 64 mg/kg https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-toxicokinetic-parameters-obtained-using-non-2q7d7nmq.png Table 3: Toxicokinetic parameters obtained using non-compartmental modelling for two adult Gyps vultures (G.) treated with carprofen at 64 mg/kg via an oral gavage in Phase 4 of a toxicity study. Note: G31961 died. https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-token-based-protocols-in-cscw-tasks-an-empirical-328iki1img 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-title-length-and-url-of-each-of-the-short-films-19xn4dqz.png Table 1. Title, length and URL of each of the short films examined in our study, and the user rating obtained in a pilot study (10 = best, 1 = worst) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relationship-between-the-time-taken-and-the-average-1wadcnbh.png Fig. 4. Relationship between the time taken and the average task satisfaction rating for tasks with 3, 4 and 5 contributors. The R-squared value is given for tasks with different collaborator sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-illustration-of-task-satisfaction-rating-and-time-16wylnri.png Fig. 5. Illustration of task satisfaction rating and time taken for each token based protocol, broken into separate graphs by number of collaborators. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-participant-retention-rate-used-in-this-study-broken-wc1nmxfm.png Fig. 1. Participant retention rate used in this study, broken down by number of collaborators. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-examples-of-the-game-screens-for-the-three-7ov9737p.png Fig. 2. Examples of the game screens for the three-collaborator version (left) and the fivecollaborator version (right) for the time-based protocol. On the left, the participant currently has the token whereas on the right, another participant has the token. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-and-standard-deviations-for-time-taken-and-3iyfbxw0.png Table 2. Mean and standard deviations for time taken and average satisfaction rating for each factor (number of collaborators, protocol used). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-demographic-breakdown-of-participants-by-region-3m9eyvj3.png Table 3. Demographic breakdown of participants by region, gender and age range. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-examples-of-options-available-to-the-participant-for-1v8nb05m.png Fig. 3. Examples of options available to the participant for passing and requesting tokens for our four protocols: (a) centralized (b) time-based, (c) last user determined and (d) round robin. https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-sodium-to-calibrate-the-transport-modeling-of-5ay6ejhj3a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-location-of-the-study-area-the-sampling-points-and-1rs01r4l.png Fig. 1 The location of the study area, the sampling points, and the vertical sections (A–B, C–D) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-horizontal-transport-of-na-contamination-3-m-below-1lwavbe8.png Fig. 8 The horizontal transport of Na contamination, 3 m below the surface: a the beginning of operation (1982); b 1st year of operation (1983); c 10th year of operation (1992); d end of operation, recultivation (2011); e 1st year after recultivation (2012); f 5th year after recultivation (2016); g 10th year after recultivation (2021); and h 30th year after recultivation (2041) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-grain-size-distributions-of-the-mpl1-mpl2-and-mpl3-17p6r44k.png Fig. 2 The grain size distributions of the MPL1, MPL2, and MPL3 wells https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-sodium-contents-of-the-water-from-shallow-e6bn078d.png Fig. 6 The sodium contents of the water from shallow groundwater wells, based on the measurements performed during the study period (2004–2014). The extreme values (third quartile [Q3] + 3 interquartile range [IQR]) were not plotted in the graph https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-unit-values-in-estimating-trade-related-capital-2cd687a3m1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2innydva.png Table 1: https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-26qevooi.png Table 4: https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3t80rctt.png Table 2: https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-various-dicarboxylic-acids-as-a-carbon-source-for-3kqpe9xulo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7c-26ua35wu.png Fig. 7c https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3t729yjk.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-9gveft5j.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-31a6spjp.png Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2c-2hwkobs6.png Fig. 2c https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7a-89z2vif0.png Fig. 7c https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-mean-crystallite-size-microstrain-mean-particle-3sjp184s.png Table 1 - The mean crystallite size, microstrain, mean particle size, span and carbon content for LiFePO4 powders obtained with oxalic, malonic and adipic acid https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-iy39xc16.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-zno-as-optical-spacer-in-polymer-solar-cells-1vvbac3p4k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-theoretical-vs-experimental-active-layer-dependence-1tai27ht.png FIG. 4. a Theoretical vs experimental active layer dependence of short circuit current without and with a 39 nm ZnO optical spacer. b Internal quantum efficiency vs active layer thickness for solar cells with and without a ZnO spacer layer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-calculated-active-layer-thickness-dependent-short-tnpfcfdo.png FIG. 3. Calculated active layer thickness dependent short circuit current, assuming a 100% IQE and illumination with AM1.5 100 mW/cm2 for different thicknesses of the ZnO layer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-calculated-optical-electric-field-for-light-of-26snr6qd.png FIG. 2. Calculated optical electric field for light of different wavelengths in devices with a 40 nm thick active layer, a without and b with 39 nm ZnO. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-device-layout-with-a-zno-optical-spacer-2qte6rph.png FIG. 1. Color online Device layout with a ZnO optical spacer and the molecular structure of the photoactive components. https://scispace.com/papers/the-utility-of-auxiliary-data-in-statistical-population-95iurttiy7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-annual-abundance-trends-from-a-point-deletion-37xz42yj.png Figure 3. Annual abundance trends from a point-deletion sensitivity analysis, with historic data removed, on a statistical population reconstruction of female black-tailed deer, with a simulated auxiliary study to estimate abundance in 2002 with a CV of A) 0.05, B) 0.125 and C) 0.250.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-median-coefficient-of-variation-cv-of-measurement-1464fpoo.png Table 1. Median coefficient of variation (CV) of measurement error in simulated population reconstruction models when including either abundanceorharvest probability auxiliary studiesat varying levels of precision in themiddleof the reconstruction.Further,weconsideredone (single abundance auxiliary) and two abundance auxiliary studies (double abundance auxiliary). Populations were simulated at high and low levels of harvest and natural survival probabilities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-annual-abundance-trends-from-a-point-deletion-7xljx3pd.png Figure 2. Annual abundance trends from a point-deletion sensitivity analysis, with historic data removed, on a statistical population reconstruction of female black-tailed deer, with a simulated auxiliary study to estimate harvest probability in 2002 with a CV of A) 0.05, B) 0.125 and C) 0.250. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relative-absolute-deviation-dradth-in-annual-3sjac6je.png Table 2. Relative absolute deviation ðRADÞ in annual abundance estimates from point-deletion sensitivity analyses performed on a statistical population reconstruction of female black-tailed deer (Skalski et al. 2007).Models had eithernoauxiliarydataor auxiliarydata that estimated abundance or the vulnerability coefficient. Auxiliary studies had a coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.05, 0.125, 0.25 or 0.50 andwere simulated in the final year of study. https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-zingari-nomadi-rom-in-italian-crime-discourse-2jseh0ty2f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentage-of-articles-with-search-term-campo-nomadi-1mxhn2ff.png Table 3. Percentage of articles with search term campo nomadi by topic for 2015. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-of-all-zingaro-nomadi-rom-uses-that-p2ld5xe3.png Table 1. Percentage of all zingaro/nomadi/rom uses that report crimes allegedly committed by Romanies in 2015. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-google-translation-21-october-2015-168so1o1.png Figure 1. Google translation, 21 October 2015. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-nomadi-uses-per-topic-for-2015-3212kwtf.png Table 2. Percentage of nomadi uses per topic for 2015. https://scispace.com/papers/the-utilisation-of-nitrogenous-compounds-by-commercial-non-2zm6gu7xsv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-s-cerevisiaes-vacuolar-amino-acid-transporters-the-1t32o30o.png Figure 2 S. cerevisiae’s vacuolar amino acid transporters. The ten central amino acids depicted are transported into the vacuole via active transport, while Glu and Asp are found only in the cytosol (Sekito et al. 2008). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fermentation-kinetics-of-pure-culture-and-2w2ny24z.png Figure 4 Fermentation kinetics of pure culture and sequential fermentations. A: P. kluyveri; B: M. pulcherrima; C: L. thermotolerans; D: T. delbrueckii; E: S. cerevisiae. Pk: P.kluyveri; Mp: M. pulcherrima; Lt: L. thermotolerans; Td: T. delbrueckii; Sc: S. cerevisiae. Pk+Sc, Mp+Sc, Lt+Sc, Td+Sc: Sequential fermentations. Pk+Sc filtered, Mp+Sc filtered, Lt+Sc filtered, Td+Sc filtered: Sequential fermentations, however non-Saccharomyces yeast were filtered out before S. cerevisiae inoculation. The red arrows indicate time of S. cerevisiae inoculation in sequential fermentations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-maximum-cell-count-and-time-point-at-which-it-was-3rcto407.png Table 5 Maximum cell count and time point at which it was attained. Pk: P.kluyveri; Mp: M. pulcherrima; Lt: L. thermotolerans; Td: T. delbrueckii; Sc: S. cerevisiae. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-higher-alcohol-production-at-48-h-from-2lhg2bia.png Figure 5 Higher alcohol production at 48 h from corresponding amino acids which can be catabolised via the Ehrlich pathway. Pk: P.kluyveri; Mp: M. pulcherrima; Lt: L. thermotolerans; Td: T. delbrueckii; Sc: S. cerevisiae. a,b,c: show statistical significance within a compound over strain. Amino acids which are catabolised during the Ehrlich pathway are in brackets next to their corresponding higher alcohols. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-branched-chain-and-aromatic-amino-acids-and-their-3cw6yco1.png Table 1 Branched chain and aromatic amino acids and their corresponding higher alcohols, fatty acids and esters (aromatic descriptors in brackets) (Burdock 2010; Lambrechts and Pretorius 2000). Aroma descriptors for tyrosine and tryptophan derivatives are not available in literature to the knowledge of the author. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-production-of-higher-alcohols-at-endpoint-which-202jz0x7.png Figure 6 Production of higher alcohols at endpoint which could possibly be as a result of specific amino acid catabolism via the Ehrlich pathway. Pk: P.kluyveri; Mp: M. pulcherrima; Lt: L. thermotolerans; Td: T. delbrueckii; Sc: S. cerevisiae. Pk+Sc, Mp+Sc, Lt+Sc, Td+Sc: Sequential fermentations. Pk+Sc filtered, Mp+Sc filtered, Lt+Sc filtered, Td+Sc filtered: Sequential fermentations, however non-Saccharomyces yeast were filtered out before S. cerevisiae inoculation. A: Isoamyl alcohol; B: Isobutanol; C: Phenylethanol; D: Propanol. a, b, c: show statistical significance within each strain between treatments. *, **: show statistical significance between strains (not taking into account treatment). https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-percentage-uptake-of-amino-acids-involved-in-the-1hhj70kd.png Table 10 Percentage uptake of amino acids involved in the Ehrlich pathway at 48h (before sequential inoculation). An uptake of 90% or higher was recorded as 100% taken up. Pk: P.kluyveri; Mp: M. pulcherrima; Lt: L. thermotolerans; Td: T. delbrueckii; Sc: S. cerevisiae. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-amino-acid-supplementation-and-effects-1d6kw6b0.png Table 2 Amino acid supplementation and effects. https://scispace.com/papers/the-utility-of-prostate-specific-antigen-velocity-thresholds-4mz31zpbu4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-characteristics-of-the-three-groups-of-men-3exwusve.png TABLE 1 The characteristics of the three groups of men https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-roc-curves-for-all-prostate-cancers-a-and-high-grade-1xtef76p.png FIG. 3. ROC curves for all prostate cancers (a) and high-grade cancer diagnosis (b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-prostate-cancer-diagnosis-by-initial-psa-and-psav-13pk9kq7.png TABLE 3 Prostate cancer diagnosis by initial PSA and PSAV category; sensitivity analysis where all men with no diagnosis were considered to have prostate cancer; values are percentages unless stated https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prostate-cancer-and-high-grade-cancer-diagnosis-by-1v90w187.png TABLE 2 Prostate cancer and high-grade cancer diagnosis by initial PSA and PSAV category, with test characteristics of initial PSA level of ≥ 4.0 ng/mL and various PSAV thresholds; values are percentages unless stated otherwise https://scispace.com/papers/the-validity-of-the-montgomery-aasberg-depression-rating-2f2qbsvl7d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-subtypes-of-dementia-and-mild-cognitive-impairment-1v83id8w.png Table 8. Subtypes of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at the one-year follow-up in PRODE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-describing-attrition-from-baseline-t0-to-3fgux2ct.png Figure 1. Flow chart describing attrition from baseline (T0) to the last assessment (T4) in the Psychiatric Symptoms in Nursing homes (PSIN) study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-montgomery-and-asberg-depression-rating-scale-1bb9hdh6.png Figure 3. The Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) sum scores by trajectory classes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-validity-studies-of-the-montgomery-and-asberg-31t2151k.png Table 2. Validity studies of the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) in elderly study samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trend-in-montgomery-and-asberg-depression-rating-2cdyn7lx.png Figure 2. Trend in Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score at the three assessment points (T0 = at inclusion, T1 = at discharge from the hospital, and T2 = one-year followup) in the PRODE study assessed by a linear mixed model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-information-collected-in-the-prognosis-of-depression-5zn279vy.png Table 7. Information collected in the Prognosis of Depression in the Elderly (PRODE) study at the different time points. https://scispace.com/papers/the-utility-of-rrt-pcr-in-diagnosis-and-assessment-of-case-20c783j16i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frequency-of-presenting-symptoms-and-signs-s73br1c1.png Table 2: Frequency of presenting symptoms and signs, comorbidities, intubation, and death in COVID-19 positive vs negative patients https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overall-frequency-and-odds-ratios-by-age-for-3rb4idzy.png Figure 1: Overall frequency and Odds ratios by age for overall symptoms, signs, and comorbidities between COVID-19 positive and negative individuals hospitalized for acute respiratory illnesses A: Comparison of overall symptoms and signs between COVID-19 positive and negative individuals hospitalized for acute respiratory illnesses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-and-odds-ratio-for-intubation-and-death-2w2mgbcf.png Figure 2: Percentage and odds ratio for intubation and death by COVID-19 results A: Intubation frequency by age https://scispace.com/papers/the-value-of-bad-ratings-an-experiment-on-the-impact-of-ylbkv8ezc5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-on-relative-returns-per-34ej5bx8.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics on relative returns per treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multilevel-mixed-effects-logit-regression-on-giving-30jxpd0z.png Table 4: Multilevel mixed-effects logit regression on giving a positive rating (1) or negative rating (2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-left-side-share-of-positive-ratings-in-intervals-of-kdynkixy.png Figure 7: Left side: Share of positive ratings (in intervals of 0.1) and the corresponding average investment (by treatment). Right side: Share of negative ratings (in intervals of 0.1) and the corresponding average investment (by treatment). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relative-frequency-of-individual-investments-by-14760ygw.png Figure 3: Relative frequency of individual investments (by treatment). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cumulative-distribution-of-relative-returns-3nl8mzu3.png Figure 8: Cumulative distribution of relative returns corresponding to a positive rating (upper left), a negative rating (upper right) and no rating (lower left), per treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relative-frequency-of-individual-relative-returns-20pc6wny.png Figure 5: Relative frequency of individual relative returns (by treatment). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-investments-per-period-by-treatment-2ookxs8g.png Figure 2: Average investments per period (by treatment). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-share-of-exhibited-positive-nil-and-negative-o5dvy5f4.png Table 3: Average share of exhibited positive, nil, and negative ratings per treatment. https://scispace.com/papers/the-value-of-practice-simulations-and-objective-structured-4hil925bxs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-illustrative-examples-of-statements-relating-to-sub-echqiyb5.png Table 2 Illustrative Examples of Statements Relating to Sub-themes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-themes-emerging-from-focus-group-transcripts-10x255lf.png Table 1 Themes Emerging from Focus Group Transcripts https://scispace.com/papers/the-value-of-peripatetic-economists-a-sesqui-difference-295klwdcv1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-i-inflate-each-publications-citations-to-estimate-m2shjklf.png Table 3, I inflate each publication’s citations to estimate what its total citations will be when they achieve their maximum.8 Since most of the publications are very recent, and since the estimates imply that it takes 14 years for the total to reach its maximum, the projected lifetime citations to these publications is much higher—298. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-impact-evaluation-of-rsss-economic-visitors-1987-zph2ygr1.png Table 2. Impact Evaluation of RSSS Economic Visitors, 1987-2003* https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-distributions-of-rsss-economics-visitors-by-year-37drpkj4.png Table 1. The Distributions of RSSS Economics Visitors by Year and by Country* Time Period Number Country Number https://scispace.com/papers/the-value-of-verbal-feedback-in-allocation-decisions-1pmkosrdes 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wtp-by-treatment-and-decision-161ls39w.png Figure 1. WTP by Treatment and Decision https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-change-of-arousal-3t076npq.png Figure 3. Change of Arousal https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dictators-wtp-by-allocation-choice-3mgbltih.png Table 2. Dictators‘ WTP by Allocation Choice https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dictators-wtp-by-treatment-1e4w3eyy.png Table 3. Dictators‘ WTP by Treatment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-change-of-well-being-2qsgjvfv.png Figure 2. Change of Well-Being https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-probit-regression-on-fair-decision-ni7980us.png Table 6. Probit Regression on Fair Decision https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-linear-regression-on-willingness-to-pay-3439185c.png Table 1. Linear Regression on Willingness to Pay https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-recipients-beliefs-about-dictators-wtp-by-treatment-3qsr26tm.png Table 4. Recipients‘ beliefs about dictators WTP by Treatment https://scispace.com/papers/the-value-of-voting-rights-to-majority-shareholders-evidence-3zegrznk6v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-cumulative-excess-returns-around-the-imcmhhtg.png Figure 2: Average cumulative excess returns around the unification date https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparing-unifications-with-and-without-compensation-3r0xnv5r.png Table 3: Comparing Unifications With and Without Compensation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pre-unification-descriptive-statistics-for-the-1qp5ezmo.png Table 1: Pre-Unification Descriptive Statistics for the Sample of 67 Firms https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-loss-in-voting-power-and-compensation-upon-1rgcycik.png Table 2: Loss in Voting Power and Compensation Upon Unification https://scispace.com/papers/the-variability-of-volatile-organic-compounds-in-clinical-1c3me0e2z8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-50-voc-that-have-been-putatively-identified-that-30q42zvs.png Table 1 50 VOC that have been putatively identified that appeared in more than 30% of the samples. ERI code (showing the retention 187 index and quantifier m/z 1 and the qualifier ions m/z 2-5), NIST-library matched identification, CAS number, mean intensity ratio 188 to C(2H)Cl3 internal standard (?̅?/𝑰IS), median intensity ratio to C(2H)Cl3 internal standard (?̃?/𝑰IS), standard deviation (𝑆) and 189 frequency of observation (𝐹) 190 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-observed-exposome-for-each-individual-includes-1cl2luhu.png Figure 1 The observed exposome for each individual includes external factors such as 61 environmental contamination and lifestyle, and also internal factors such as 62 metabolism, catabolism and differences in phenotype. These are all factors in 63 exhaled breath VOC. 64 Spatial and temporal variability of VOC in clinical settings has been observed with acetone, 65 ethanol and propanol concentrations found to vary significantly while other VOC did not. 66 Within the same study exhaled concentrations of acetone, ethanol, acetic acid, ammonia, 67 isoprene and hydrogen cyanide were found to be higher in the breath of 10 clinical staff 68 than in their surrounding environment, and propanol (a disinfectant) was at higher 69 environmental concentrations18. 70 https://scispace.com/papers/the-vanishing-interest-income-of-chinese-banks-3m90t2tja9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-partial-correlation-coefficients-of-with-both-3ep336pi.png Table 4 Partial correlation coefficients of Ω with both current and lagged values of hypothesised hidden NPL drivers https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-panel-stochastic-frontier-analysis-on-the-2jdlj80p.png Table 2 Panel stochastic frontier analysis on the determinants of r https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definition-and-description-of-variables-hk2e1z3x.png Table 1 Definition and description of variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-two-step-system-gmm-dependence-of-hidden-npls-on-21dz65im.png Table 3 Two-step system GMM – dependence of hidden NPLs on disclosed NPLs https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-two-step-system-gmm-on-the-determinants-of-hidden-rh4l3cue.png Table 5 Two-step system GMM on the determinants of hidden NPLs https://scispace.com/papers/the-variable-impact-of-enso-events-on-regional-dengue-dhf-in-1u7cxiijnf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-monthly-dengue-dhf-incidence-rates-and-monthly-19sm6iet.png Figure 2. Mean monthly dengue/DHF incidence rates and monthly SOI values in Jakarta from 1992–2001. Sources: Indonesian MoH and Australian Bureau of Meteorology (n.d.). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-percentage-of-r2-or-variance-in-dengue-dhf-incidence-2ci02xnt.png Table 6. Percentage of R2, or variance in dengue/DHF incidence rates explained by the optimal non-ENSO, ENSO1 and ENSO2 regression models in each province. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-datasets-used-in-regression-analyses-3gro2lvy.png Table 2. Summary of datasets used in regression analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pearson-correlation-analysis-with-95-per-cent-1tdcnlck.png Figure 3. Pearson correlation analysis, with 95 per cent confidence intervals, between mean monthly dengue/ DHF incidence rates and the SOI in Jakarta from 1992–2001. Sample size (n) = 115–121. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-enso2-multiple-regression-results-for-each-province-1tblgopc.png Table 5. ENSO2 multiple regression results for each province. The direction and strength of the association, according to the unstandardized B coefficient, are indicated by the sign. Any change in the relationship between the variables as compared with the non-ENSO regressions, is indicated in brackets. Where no relationship previously existed, there is no bracket. The lags that produced the optimal model are provided in the last column. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-yearly-provincial-dengue-dhf-incidence-rates-260qxop4.png Figure 1. Mean yearly provincial dengue/DHF incidence rates per 100 000, based on a 8 to 10-year period from 1992–2001. Sources: Indonesian Ministry of Health (data); Kirono, 2000 (basemap). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-enso1-multiple-regression-results-for-each-province-aiaj4ysd.png Table 4. ENSO1 multiple regression results for each province. The direction and magnitude of the association, according to the unstandardized B coefficient, are indicated by the sign. Any change in the relationship between the variables as compared with the non-ENSO regressions, is indicated in brackets. Where no relationship previously existed, there is no bracket. The lags that produced the optimal model are provided in the last column. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-non-enso-multiple-regression-results-for-each-1hvf1kf1.png Table 1. Non-ENSO multiple regression results for each province (p< 0.1). The direction and magnitude of the association, according to the unstandardized B coefficient, are indicated by the sign. The relative importance of each variable, according to the standardized B coefficient, is given in brackets, with 1 being the most important. The lags that produced the optimal model are provided in the last column. https://scispace.com/papers/the-variable-cyclotron-line-of-gx-301-2-11mql3k3l8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-for-spectral-modeling-of-data-from-phase-2fvt1an4.png Table 2. Parameters for spectral modeling of data from phase bin SPR (for definition, see Fig. 5) with a power law and a high energy cutoff (White et al. 1983, HEC) or a smoothed version of this cutoff (Coburn et al. 2002, SHEC) with and without the inclusion of a CRSF. At lower energies all three models are modified by photoelectric absorption. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-fractional-crsf-width-sc-ec-versus-the-depth-of-the-1wcjs0cf.png Fig. 11. Fractional CRSF width σC/EC versus the depth of the CRSF for several accreting neutron stars from RXTE data. Diamonds: values derived by Coburn et al. (2002) from phase averaged spectra. Filled circles: values derived from phase resolved spectra for GX 301−2 (this work). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-variation-of-the-energy-and-the-depth-of-the-crsf-j0tzit6c.png Fig. 10. Variation of the energy and the depth of the CRSF over the pulse for the APC model. Although the values are slightly different for the REFL model, the variation of the parameters is very similar. For clarity the pulse is shown twice. a) Shows the PCA-countrate. Note that error bars are shown, but they are too small to be seen in print. b) Shows the variation of the energy of the CRSF over the pulse. Note that the energy variation over the pulse is definitely non-sinusoidal and therefore not due to simple angle dependence. c) Shows the variation of the depth of the CRSF over the pulse. See text for discussion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-variation-of-the-crsf-for-the-six-phase-bins-defined-1zyu0tku.png Fig. 9. Variation of the CRSF for the six phase bins defined in Fig. 5). Note that not only the depth and the energy of the CRSF changes with phase but also the actual shape of the line itself seems also to be variable. See text for a discussion of these issues. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-folded-light-curve-using-all-available-data-starting-16zl97ed.png Fig. 1. Folded light curve using all available data (starting in 1996 until mid 2003) on GX 301−2 of the All Sky Monitor on board RXTE. The light curve has been folded with the orbital period of 41.498 d (Koh et al. 1997). The periastron passage has been extrapolated based on the ephemeris of Koh et al. (1997). The flare shortly before the periastron passage is very evident. Note the extended low following the periastron passage which is probably due to the optical companion almost eclipsing the neutron star. For clarity the folded light curve is shown twice. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sketch-of-the-system-gx-301-2-wray-977-based-on-the-1mxd63zj.png Fig. 2. Sketch of the system GX 301−2/Wray 977 based on the parameters of Kaper et al. (1995). The neutron star passes Wray 977 at a distance of <∼0.1R during the periastron passage. The time of the observation is marked by dashes and stronger line thickness, covering a significant part of the orbit due to the high velocity of the neutron star during periastron passage. The grey inner circle represents the size of Wray 977 when using the old values of Parkes et al. (1980) which are also used by Koh et al. (1997). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-data-and-folded-model-of-the-rise-of-the-secondary-bjznxwm6.png Fig. 7. a) Data and folded model of the rise of the secondary pulse. The model is an absorbed partial covering model (for discussion, see text). b) Residuals for the model without a CRSF and c) with a CRSF at 34.2+1.1−0.9 keV. The inset shows the pulse profile of GX 301−2 in the energy range from 5 keV to 20 keV. The marked region is the phase bin under discussion – the rise of the secondary pulse (see also Fig. 5). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-systematic-errors-applied-to-the-pca-data-to-account-1m6g3qes.png Table 1. Systematic errors applied to the PCA-data to account for uncertainties in the PCA calibration. We derived these values by fitting a two power law model simultaneously to a spectrum of a public RXTE observation of the Crab. See Wilms et al. (1999) and Kreykenbohm et al. (2002) for a more detailed discussion of this procedure. https://scispace.com/papers/the-variation-management-framework-vmf-a-unifying-graphical-2rin60w7k8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-acceptable-activation-force-survey-2ko7c3vn.png Figure 5. Acceptable activation force survey https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-model-of-variation-transfer-transfer-function-2wnjr9v6.png Figure 3. A Model of Variation Transfer (Transfer function) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variation-management-framework-vmf-modelling-an-100osww1.png Figure 6. Variation Management Framework (VMF) modelling an example of a pen cap removal force https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-example-of-visual-robustness-zhirszo7.png Figure 7. Example of Visual Robustness https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-quality-loss-function-seen-as-a-stepwise-sbyssgid.png Figure 4. The quality loss function seen as a stepwise function (left) and a quadratic loss function (right). https://scispace.com/papers/the-victoria-history-of-the-county-of-leicester-9q95zy8a59 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-pjon0joe.png Table VII https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-23v9aaui.png Table III https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-e9owekun.png Table I https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-ii5g2zra.png Table II https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-cutting-butchers-stocks-were-mostly-in-sheep-kine-18mw7reo.png Table X. Cutting butchers' stocks were mostly in sheep, kine, calves, pigs, horses, and https://scispace.com/figures/table-xvi-3c58msuh.png Table XVI https://scispace.com/figures/table-xvii-3tunagjm.png Table XVII https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-br6oypaw.png Table II https://scispace.com/papers/the-victorian-fancy-dress-ball-1870-1900-5c3g1w4a7l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-opening-of-the-fancy-dress-ball-season-the-male-sex-7peg5o16.png Figure 8: “Opening of the Fancy-Dress Ball Season: The Male Sex Assuming Characters Quite Unsuited to Them,” Funny Folks, 10 February 1894, p. 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-very-red-afterglow-of-grb-000418-further-evidence-for-12flh8zldl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-10u1qh3f.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-efinding-chart-for-the-deld-of-grb-000418-the-2xhod2n7.png FIG. 1.ÈFinding chart for the Ðeld of GRB 000418. The afterglow is indicated. L eft panel : R-band image taken with the TNG telescope on April 20.9 UT. Right panel : R-band image taken with TNG on June 2.9 UT (Table 1). North is up, east is left. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2sbfpq4a.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-er-band-light-curve-of-grb-000418-the-solid-line-is-3ri8eyyf.png FIG. 2.ÈR-band light curve of GRB 000418. The solid line is the best Ðt to the data which predicts an underlying host galaxy with R\ 23.9. The straight lines show the individual contributions of the GRB afterglow (following a power-law decay with a \ 1.22) and the host galaxy to the total observed Ñux. https://scispace.com/papers/the-vida-of-queen-fredegund-in-tote-listoire-de-france-3753zwptul 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-manuscript-tradition-of-tote-listoire-de-france-11yp02gq.png Table 1: The manuscript tradition of Tote listoire de France. 18 https://scispace.com/papers/the-vidboard-a-video-capture-and-processing-peripheral-for-a-4p1d1ijoby 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-transmit-command-cell-format-12a1lwae.png Table 2: TRANSMIT command cell format https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-typical-viewstation-system-1nqmacb2.png Figure 1: A typical ViewStation system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-application-friendly-video-source-model-sjo8hzvs.png Figure 2: Application-friendly video source model https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-maximal-vidboard-frame-rates-2ous33le.png Table 4: Maximal Vidboard frame rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-vidboard-to-alpha-frame-rate-performance-nsbv9m7n.png Table 3: Vidboard to Alpha frame rate performance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-block-diagram-of-the-vidboard-pgnsqnkg.png Figure 3: Block diagram of the Vidboard https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-general-command-cell-format-2wi5yji7.png Table 1: General command cell format https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pseudo-aal5-transmission-frame-format-3dwmf88y.png Figure 4: Pseudo-AAL5 transmission frame format https://scispace.com/papers/the-vietnamese-business-cycle-in-an-estimated-small-open-2202wjhn3t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-prior-and-posterior-densities-33pft1hg.png Figure 18: Prior and posterior densities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-the-smoothed-shocks-in-vietnam-and-foreign-economy-216oge2q.png Figure 19: The smoothed shocks in Vietnam and foreign economy, 1999Q1-2017Q1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-forecast-error-variance-decomposition-1q1aa1g5.png Table 2: Forecast Error Variance decomposition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-quarterly-nominal-exchange-rate-usd-vnd-1999q1-27hkp7aq.png Figure 4: The Quarterly Nominal Exchange Rate (USD/VND), 1999Q1-2017Q1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-positive-shock-to-domesic-technology-351xwgt0.png Figure 8: Positive shock to domesic technology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-shock-to-the-domesic-contractionary-monetary-policy-1hta71tt.png Figure 7: Shock to the domesic contractionary monetary policy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-output-fluctuations-1999q1-2017q1-2u5wkcm2.png Figure 13: Output fluctuations, 1999Q1-2017Q1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-positive-shock-to-term-of-trade-7vhcggta.png Figure 12: Positive shock to Term of Trade https://scispace.com/papers/the-vienna-history-wiki-a-collaborative-knowledge-platform-4bmdpwfesv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-general-user-statements-3ii9hiek.png Figure 13. General User Statements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-visiting-sources-2838ex0b.png Figure 12. Visiting Sources https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-users-enter-annotations-by-filling-out-a-form-2pj3lvey.png Figure 1. Users enter annotations by filling out a form. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-main-page-of-the-vienna-history-wiki-16s1mtsu.png Figure 4. Main Page of the Vienna History Wiki https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-content-of-the-vienna-history-wiki-2aavuhe7.png Figure 5. Content of the Vienna History Wiki https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ringstrasse-in-the-vienna-history-wiki-2g9782bd.png Figure 3. “Ringstraße” in the Vienna History Wiki https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-original-entry-of-ringstrasse-in-czeike-5-2bahy6bx.png Figure 2. Original entry of “Ringstraße” in Czeike [5] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-memorial-day-index-on-paper-for-2014-o7v15zfx.png Figure 6. Memorial day index on paper for 2014 https://scispace.com/papers/the-views-and-experiences-of-fathers-of-children-with-bd1ou5ppr2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-casp-quality-scores-1jjhbg3p.png Table 2: CASP quality scores https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prisma-flow-diagram-with-search-results-1x16hwnb.png Figure 1: PRISMA flow Diagram with search results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-psycinfo-search-results-134bkglk.png Table 1: PsycINFO search results https://scispace.com/papers/the-viscoelastic-and-aging-characteristics-of-polymers-1lapxt1guk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-6jzebih0.png FIGURE 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-viral-state-dynamics-of-the-discrete-time-nimfa-epidemic-1dldur6bbg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-upper-sub-plot-depicts-the-viral-state-traces-vi-k-k0dfmipn.png Fig. 1. The upper sub-plot depicts the viral state traces vi[k], i = 1, ..., N , for a directed network with N = 10 nodes and heterogeneous spreading parameters q,W until discrete time k = 3000. The lower subplot depicts the same viral state traces vi[k], i = 1, ..., N , but only the initial phase until discrete time k = 200. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nomenclature-10s4nw4i.png TABLE 1 Nomenclature https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-for-a-directed-erdos-renyi-random-graph-with-n-500-2bwuqy7p.png Fig. 2. For a directed Erdős-Rényi random graph with N = 500 nodes and heterogeneous spreading parameters q,W , the fit of the lower bound vlb[k] and the upper bound vub[k] on the viral state v[k] is depicted. Each of the four sub-plots shows two viral state traces vi[k] and the corresponding bounds of the two nodes with the maximal and minimal steady-state v∞,i, respectively. From top to bottom, the sub-plots correspond to an initialisation of the bounds vlb[k0] = v[k0] = vub[k0] at the bound-initialisation time k0 = 1, k0 = 250, k0 = 500 and k0 = 750, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/the-visibility-of-information-science-and-library-science-4f2qgb6t86 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-co-citation-matrix-21ccju4d.png TABLE 2 Co-citation Matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-aggregated-distribution-of-co-citations-between-the-1p3sz856.png TABLE 3 Aggregated Distribution of Co-citations between the Fifteen Most-Cited IS and LS Authors, Respectively (261 Unique Pairs) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-aggregated-distribution-of-co-citations-between-is-1ck8xhdq.png TABLE 4 Aggregated Distribution of Co-citations between IS, LS, and LIS among Source Items (%) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-author-co-citation-analysis-on-is-ls-and-lis-journals-3a0ggzwt.png Fig. 1.—Author co-citation analysis on IS, LS, and LIS journals, including the forty-nine most-cited authors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-author-level-citation-among-documents-analysis-on-is-der0j5ci.png Fig. 3.—Author-level citation among documents analysis on IS, LS, and LIS journals, including the forty most-cited authors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-journal-co-citation-analysis-on-ls-journals-including-2nlpbjbo.png Fig. 6.—Journal co-citation analysis on LS journals, including the thirty-five most-cited journals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-journal-co-citation-analysis-on-is-journals-including-1g5ucvfh.png Fig. 5.—Journal co-citation analysis on IS journals, including the thirty-seven most-cited journals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-journals-for-analysis-1xozhxxb.png TABLE 1 Journals for Analysis https://scispace.com/papers/the-vmc-survey-xviii-radial-dependence-of-the-low-mass-0-55-1ixlapn5vo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-47-tuc-ms-lfs-lfs-based-on-top-the-sa07-catalog-for-jmclwgna.png Figure 5. 47 Tuc MS LFs. LFs based on (top) the SA07 catalog for stars in the cluster center and (second panel) the KA12 catalog, containing stars located 6 7 west of the cluster center. The bottom five panels are local LFs for radial annuli covered by our VMC observations. The full annulus, rä[500, 1100]″, is divided into five radial subsets, i.e., rä[500, 600]″, rä[600, 700]″, rä[700, 800]″, rä[800, 900]″, and rä[900, 1100]″. The numbers of MS stars per unit magnitude vs. apparent magnitude F606W are plotted; the error bars were estimated based on Poissonian counting statistics. The green line is the power-law fit to the LF, and the two arrows in top two panels are an indication of a possible LF break magnitude. The Gaussian distributions on the right are the results of our Monte Carlo simulations to determine the best-fitting power-law index α. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mlr-based-on-the-dsep-pgpuc-valcarce-et-al-2012-and-wwzhq541.png Figure 6. MLR based on the DSEP, PGPUC (Valcarce et al. 2012), and Padova (Marigo et al. 2008; Girardi et al. 2010) models for both the VMCʼs Yband magnitudes and the HST F606W filter. The blue and orange curves are the DSEP MLRs for the HST data, while the green curve represents the PGPUC model for the VMC data. The dotted line is the Padova model pertinaing to the VMC data, shown for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spatial-distribution-of-the-stars-in-47-tuc-3fymale4.png Figure 1. Spatial distribution of the stars in 47 Tuc (coordinates are given for the J2000 epoch), combining SMC tiles 5_2 (top half) and 4_2 (bottom half). The background stars were drawn from the VISTA data; the red annulus indicates the VMC data used for this study, which is further radially binned into five subsets. The blue region corresponds to the HST catalog of Sarajedini et al. (2007), and the orange region represents the ultra-deep HST catalog of Kalirai et al. (2012). The cyan region is adopted to compute the background field-star density, which is in turn used to decontaminate the cluster CMD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-half-mass-relaxation-timescale-for-blue-first-9ehqwly8.png Figure 8. Half-mass relaxation timescale for (blue) first-generation stars and (green) second-generation stars as a function of radius in 47 Tuc. The gray dashed line represents an age of 13 Gyr, which intersects the first-generation prediction at r=12.3 pc and the second-generation curve at r=19.1 pc. The purple dashed line represents the observed half-mass radius at r=9.6 pc. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-47-tuc-mfs-obtained-by-dividing-the-slope-of-the-2d1zqhfn.png Figure 7. 47 Tuc MFs, obtained by dividing the slope of the MLR by the LFs of Figure 5. Top two panels: the SA07 MF, pertaining to the clusterʼs central region, shows a decline in stellar numbers for m*<0.72Me. In contrast, the KA12-based MF in the outer region reveals a deficit for m*>0.65Me. Bottom five panels: MFs at different radii in the outskirts of 47 Tuc. All annuli exhibit power laws, with no evidence of any deficit or surplus for masses in excess of 0.6Me. We thus fitted all the MFs with the power laws and performed Monte Carlo simulations, shown on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-basic-representative-47-tuc-cmd-fit-parameters-3lj2itxi.png Table 1 Basic Representative 47 Tuc CMD Fit Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-top-a-as-a-function-of-radius-in-47-tuc-middle-31jy66yj.png Figure 9. Top: α as a function of radius in 47 Tuc. Middle: fraction of FG stars, obtained by averaging the distributions of RGB and subgiant-branch stars in Li et al. (2014). Bottom: derivative of the fraction of FG stars vs. radius. The purple solid indicates the half-mass radius at about 9.6 pc (430″; we adopted a distance of 4.6 kpc to 47 Tuc) from the center of the cluster. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-photometric-uncertainties-as-a-function-of-3oh4irmb.png Figure 3. Photometric uncertainties as a function of magnitude for the VMC data set in the Y filter. The red solid curve represents the bin-averaged photometric uncertainties, while the green curve represents the 5σ range. https://scispace.com/papers/the-voltage-dependent-sodium-channel-family-38spx0xghx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pathological-mutations-of-na-1-7-here-we-see-a-tb0vava4.png Figure 5 Pathological mutations of Na 1.7. Here we see a selection of residues that have been identified by associated with inherited erythromelalgia (red), paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (blue), small fiber neuropathy (orange), and congenital insensitivity to pain (green). In the top panel we see the Na structure as viewed from above, and in the bottom panel we see it from below. The structure shown here is a cartoon representation of cockroach Na (PDBID: 5X0M), and the corresponding backbones of the mutated residues (shown as spheres) have been highlighted following ClustalW alignment of cockroach Na and human Na 1.7 sequences. These mutations can be found in W. Huang et al., 2017. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-cartoon-of-the-voltage-gated-sodium-channel-na-29wny09e.png Figure 1 A cartoon of the voltage-gated sodium channel (Na ) and associated β-subunit. A. The primary structure of Na consists of four domains (DI–DIV), each of which contains six transmembrane α-helices (S1–S6) and two smaller P-loop α-helices. Ion-selectivity is governed by a ring of amino acids (DEKA, red text) that converge from each of the Ploop regions of all four domains. An α-helical inactivation gate between DIII and DIV contains a cluster of hydrophobic residues (IFMT) that can occlude the pore. Charged residues that act as a voltage sensor are found in S4 of each domain (+, red text; also see Figure 3). The β-subunit consists of a single transmembrane α-helix joined to an extracellular immunoglobulin domain. B. A single domain from the crystal structure of the cockroach Na channel (PDBID: 5X0M) showing the arrangement of segments S1–S6 and the P-loop. The right-hand side of the panel is rotated by 90 , and viewed from outside of the channel as if looking towards the center of the pore. The α-helices are represented as cylinders and the adjoining polypeptide chains as black lines. https://scispace.com/papers/the-vulnerability-of-sub-saharan-africa-to-financial-crises-4gdk6ihpsf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-income-effect-2cmc48wp.png Table 2: Income effect https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-exports-after-banking-crises-in-partner-country-2hgy7yqd.png Figure 4: Exports after banking crises in partner country, high trade finance https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-effect-additional-disruption-of-banking-crises-on-2x4ei5k6.png Table 6: Effect additional disruption of banking crises on African trade, by sector https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-effect-of-banking-crises-in-partner-countries-on-2e6fep39.png Table 8: Effect of banking crises in partner countries on export probability https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-crises-and-trade-finance-data-nluivecw.png Table 9: Crises and trade finance data https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-additional-disruption-effect-of-banking-crises-on-aihcqg8j.png Table 4: Additional disruption effect of banking crises on African trade, by country https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-effect-of-banking-crises-on-african-trade-the-role-3gl597sz.png Table 7: Effect of banking crises on African trade: the role of trade finance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-exports-after-banking-crisis-in-partner-country-bmbwxvf4.png Figure 1: Exports after banking crisis in partner country https://scispace.com/papers/the-wais-as-a-group-test-of-intelligence-3wnu2fhrii 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measures-for-intercorrelation-of-i-for-30-males-m4c6po7h.png TABLE 1 MEASURES FOR INTERCORRELATION OF I.~. FOR 30 MALES https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measures-for-intercorrelation-of-1-4-for-30-males-15u1qlaq.png TABLE 3 MEASURES FOR INTERCORRELATION OF 1.4. FOR 30 MALES ana 30 FEMALES https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measures-for-iutercorrelatiol-i-op-i-q-iilor-30-f-i8x58qey.png TABLE 2 MEASURES FOR IUTERCORRELATIOl'i OP I.Q.. IilOR 30 F'EMALES https://scispace.com/papers/the-wave-overtopping-simulator-2ebqzuszqp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-calculated-distribution-of-overtopping-volumes-and-37i9jw17.png Figure 3. Calculated distribution of overtopping volumes and proposal for simulation. Mean discharge q = 1 l/s per m https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-front-view-of-a-test-with-150-l-the-total-event-3h3im2gm.png Figure 7. Front view of a test with 150 l; the total event takes about 2-3 s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-records-of-flow-depth-and-flow-velocity-at-the-3osi2bjb.png Figure 4. Time records of flow depth and flow velocity at the crest. Tests by Schüttrumpf (2002). Regular waves. Test 31050010. H = 0.87 m, T = 9.5 s. Measured overtopping discharge was 60.0 l/s per m https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-front-view-of-a-test-with-3500-l-the-total-event-2995vi7y.png Figure 6. Front view of a test with 3500 l; the total event takes about 5 s https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-targets-set-for-calibration-of-the-wave-overtopping-3n1opv6d.png Table 2. Targets set for calibration of the wave overtopping simulator https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-maximum-velocities-at-the-outer-crest-line-as-a-glcm07c4.png Figure 1. Maximum velocities at the outer crest line as a function of the overtopping volume per wave; Hs = 2 m, Tp =5.7 s, tanα = 0.25 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-records-for-test-c1000-1-1xcxyqb0.png Figure 8. Records for test C1000-1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-final-results-for-calibration-series-k-1atdgc7u.png Table 3. Final results for calibration series K https://scispace.com/papers/the-welfare-economics-of-an-excise-tax-exemption-for-2746h58390 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tax-credit-and-deficiency-payments-pc-pne-2c9l94ye.png Figure 4: Tax Credit and Deficiency Payments: PC < PNE https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-price-contingencies-for-the-social-welfare-effects-3axys33z.png Table 1: Price Contingencies for the Social Welfare Effects of the Tax Credit https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-market-equilibrium-with-a-tax-credit-3uyb8n93.png Figure 1: Market Equilibrium with a Tax Credit https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-welfare-economics-of-a-tax-credit-2jofvszi.png Figure 2: Welfare Economics of a Tax Credit https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-transfers-and-deadweight-costs-of-ethanol-tax-credit-2uuuu2ko.png Table 3: Transfers and Deadweight Costs of Ethanol Tax Credit and Loan Deficiency Payments ($ mil.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-corn-market-outcomes-83wd713j.png Table 2: Corn Market Outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tax-credit-and-deficiency-payments-pc-pne-2lte73p5.png Figure 3: Tax Credit and Deficiency payments: PC > PNE https://scispace.com/papers/the-welfare-consequences-of-atm-surcharges-evidence-from-a-2eqhttv37l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reduced-form-determinants-of-atm-entry-2w2x5qpp.png Table 2: Reduced–form determinants of ATM entry https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-monte-carlo-evidence-from-simulated-equilibrium-data-20qylj01.png Table 3: Monte Carlo evidence from simulated equilibrium data https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-predictions-of-the-estimated-model-1zcq4gz4.png Table 6: Predictions of the estimated model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-of-the-data-by-county-and-state-3u90x10b.png Table 1: Summary statistics of the data by county and state https://scispace.com/papers/the-welfare-implications-of-bankruptcy-allocation-of-the-1iz0v7v0ru 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-colorado-river-natural-water-flow-1906-2015-light-blue-1uohvrcx.png Fig. 1 Colorado River Natural water flow 1906–2015. Light blue line marks the annual water flow; dark blue line marks the 10-year average flow; red line marks the 16.46MAF in the 1922 compact. Source: U.S. Department of the Interior (n.d) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-welfare-produced-by-six-models-under-1250000-acre-feet-1fy2849g.png Fig. 4 Welfare produced by six models under 1,250,000 acre-feet of deficit https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-welfare-produced-by-six-models-under-annual-deficit-of-3rh7m00k.png Fig. 3 Welfare produced by six models under annual deficit of 250,000 acre-feet https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-colorado-river-basin-water-service-region-source-3qyjqiba.png Fig. 2 The Colorado River Basin Water Service Region. Source: Wikipedia, Water in California https://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_in_California. (No permission needed) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-simulation-runs-2e3ry4rv.png Table 2 Summary of simulation runs https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sensitivity-analysis-of-representative-demand-rq1e4s4l.png Table 4 Sensitivity analysis of representative demand coefficient changes impact on stakeholder welfare under the social planner allocation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-water-deficit-in-the-colorado-basin-12dz88d7.png Table 3 Distribution of water deficit in the Colorado basin (1988– 2015) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-welfare-produced-by-six-models-under-2250000-acre-feet-32hc28km.png Fig. 5 Welfare produced by six models under 2,250,000 acre-feet of deficit https://scispace.com/papers/the-white-rabbit-time-synchronization-protocol-for-1f7i7ewuwo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-standard-deviation-1s-of-absolute-phase-error-3txuzo20.png TABLE II STANDARD DEVIATION (1σ) OF ABSOLUTE PHASE ERROR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-structure-of-the-internal-conditioned-clock-2uxqza8z.png Fig. 4. The structure of the internal conditioned clock together with the TWR. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-performance-of-twr-and-tpmu-13a83akn.png TABLE I PERFORMANCE OF TWR AND TPMU . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-performance-assessment-scheme-3azmj8zn.png Fig. 5. Performance assessment scheme. https://scispace.com/papers/the-whole-world-in-your-hand-active-and-interactive-2410c906bb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-platforms-j60188q9.png Figure 1: The platforms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-empirical-appearance-of-edges-each-4-x-4-grid-30cal18m.png Figure 8: The empirical appearance of edges. Each 4 × 4 grid represents the possible appearance of an edge, quantized to just two luminance levels. The line centered in the grid is the average orientation that patch was observed on object boundaries during segmentation. Shown are the most frequent appearances observed in about 500 object segmentations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-simple-example-of-object-localization-finding-a-1vhk8qcz.png Figure 9: A simple example of object localization: finding a circle buried inside a Mondrian. Given a model view (left) of the desired object free from any background clutter, a cluttered view of the object (second from left) can be searched for the specific feature combinations seen in the model (center), and the target identified amidst the clutter (right). The features we used combined geometric and color information across pairs of oriented regions (Fitzpatrick, 2003). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-this-figure-shows-stills-from-a-short-interaction-2bni805v.png Figure 11: This figure shows stills from a short interaction with Cog. The area highlighted with squares show the state of the robot – the left box gives the view from the robot’s camera, the right shows an image it associates with the current view. In the first frame, the robot is looking at a cube, which it does not recognize. It pokes the cube, segments it, and then it can recognize the cube in future (frame two) and distinguish it from other objects it has poked such as the ball (frame three). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-cube-being-recognized-localized-and-segmented-in-l69tce3r.png Figure 10: A cube being recognized, localized, and segmented in real images. The image in the first column is one taken when the robot Cog was poking an object, and was used (along with others) to train the recognition system. The image in the remain columns are test images. The border superimposed on the images in the bottom row represents the border of the object produced automatically. Note the scale and orientation invariance demonstrated in the final image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-wearable-system-monitors-the-wearers-point-of-37x0oh3r.png Figure 4: The wearable system monitors the wearer’s point of view (top row) while simultaneously tracking the wearer’s arm (bottom row). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-wearable-system-currently-achieves-segmentation-2v41w6cr.png Figure 5: The wearable system currently achieves segmentation by active sensing. When the wearer brings an object up into view (first column), an oscillating light source is activated (second column). The difference between images (third column) is used to compute a mask (fourth column) and segment out the grasped object and the hand from the background via a simple threshold.(fifth column). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-this-images-show-the-processing-steps-involved-in-1cakrg5i.png Figure 3: This images show the processing steps involved in poking. The moment of impact between the robot arm and an object, if it occurs, is easily detected – and then the total motion after contact, when compared to the motion before contact and grouped using a minimum cut approach (Boykov and Kolmogorov, 2001) gives a very good indication of the object boundary. https://scispace.com/papers/the-wife-s-administration-of-the-earnings-working-class-2rvbvr2en1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-all-female-groups-of-savers-in-savings-bank-of-15khaw64.png Table 3 All-female groups of savers in Savings Bank of Glasgow 1840-1910 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5a-sheffield-and-hallamshire-savings-bank-new-savers-jjon51jo.png Table 5a Sheffield and Hallamshire Savings Bank new savers 1857-63 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5b-female-savers-in-the-sheffield-and-hallamshire-dtm8qrkc.png Table 5a Sheffield and Hallamshire Savings Bank new savers 1857-63 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-huddersfield-savers-1850-1851-9egragyx.png Table 5a Sheffield and Hallamshire Savings Bank new savers 1857-63 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4b-female-depositors-in-sheffield-and-hallamshire-bank-ujrcfhdw.png Table 4b Female depositors in Sheffield and Hallamshire Bank 1843 were: https://scispace.com/figures/table-4a-savers-in-sheffield-and-hallamshire-bank-1843-pdcd3rr5.png Table 4b Female depositors in Sheffield and Hallamshire Bank 1843 were: https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-male-and-female-population-of-sheffield-area-26r5dvu5.png Table 6 male and female population of Sheffield area https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-savers-in-york-savings-bank-1817-3kkdpc3q.png Table 1 Savers in York savings bank 1817 https://scispace.com/papers/the-willingness-to-pay-accept-and-retire-4j22bh16ea 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-page-5-of-the-social-security-information-letter-327cnjos.png Figure 8: Page 5 of the social security information letter with short translation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fair-price-and-average-reservation-price-for-early-2roblykn.png Figure 3: Fair price and average reservation price for early retirement depending on the treatment (WTA vs. WTP) and level (65% or 110%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hypothesized-influence-of-loss-aversion-on-the-3t8dkv2c.png Table 1: Hypothesized influence of loss aversion on the willingness-to-accept and willingness-to-pay https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-wta-wtp-ratio-by-loss-aversion-30x0t4bn.png Figure 4: Average WTA/WTP ratio by loss aversion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-page-1-of-the-social-security-information-letter-222ab9jd.png Figure 7: Page 1 of the social security information letter with short translation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-financial-literacy-questions-1-9-in-the-save-2009-2x32uxq5.png Figure 11: Financial literacy questions 1-9 in the SAVE 2009 survey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-financial-literacy-questions-1-6-in-the-faz-survey-11b5c47g.png Figure 10: Financial literacy questions 1-6 in the FAZ survey. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-robustness-hypothesis-1a-results-of-ols-regressions-3a4u85c0.png Table 9: Robustness - Hypothesis 1a: results of OLS regressions with the logarithmized reservation price for early retirement as dependent variable. The reservation price is measured in per cent of expected social security benefits per month. Data used for robustness is from the German SAVE panel, waves 2009 and 2011/2012. ***, ** and * indicate significance on the 1%, 5% and 10%-level. https://scispace.com/papers/the-wisdom-of-the-crowd-a-case-of-post-to-ante-mortem-face-1mdx8r9fw6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-and-sem-confidence-ratings-provided-to-the-10pgby2d.png Figure 1: Mean (and SEM) confidence ratings provided to the ante-mortem photo (AM) and the seven foils as a function of group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-frequency-histograms-showing-the-distribution-of-6842arrs.png Figure 3. Frequency histograms showing the distribution of area under AUC values for each super-recogniser (SR) and control (C) size. Group AUC values were calculated separately for all possible combinations of participants at the initial solo and four levels of group size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-accuracy-judgements-as-assessed-using-auc-analyses-2tj7s3ew.png Figure 2: Accuracy judgements as assessed using AUC analyses for increasing crowd sizes separately for super-recognisers (SRs) and controls on the assumption that the post-mortem and ante-mortem photograph depicted one and the same person. https://scispace.com/papers/the-workfare-illusion-re-examining-the-concept-and-the-1ky1ikyx0b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fssf8s7j.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-workload-of-general-practitioners-does-not-affect-their-1uli8m79nu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-multilevel-regression-analysis-on-the-gps-2qywy9o4.png Table 3 Results of multilevel regression analysis on the GP’s communication (B-coefficients and standard error) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-multilevel-regression-analysis-on-the-gps-2w1u9s8h.png Table 2 Results of multilevel regression analysis on the GP’s awareness of psychological https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-dependent-and-independent-3gxxep4u.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics of dependent and independent variables https://scispace.com/papers/the-world-s-highest-vascular-epiphytes-found-in-the-peruvian-1jopqnq7d2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-study-area-showing-the-three-study-sites-31yuv9n7.png Fig. 1 Map of the study area showing the three study sites (denoted by numbered stars). ASTER DEM raster map provided by METI and NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-air-temperature-and-relative-humidity-records-from-y129e2yd.png Table 2 Air temperature and relative humidity records from sites 1 and 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-minimum-thin-lines-and-maximum-bold-lines-air-2g8gi57j.png Fig. 2 Minimum (thin lines) and maximum (bold lines) air temperature (a) and relative air humidity (b) at sites 1 (grey) and 2 (black) over the period of 1 year https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-epiphytic-vascular-plants-and-arboreal-16ancdwl.png Table 1 List of epiphytic vascular plants and arboreal hemiparasites recorded at elevations above 4,250 m with the highest elevation recorded for each species and details of the specimen voucher https://scispace.com/papers/the-world-status-and-population-trends-of-the-great-bustard-59d5gqvebj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-current-estimate-of-breeding-populations-of-the-26kifxck.png Table 2 Current estimate of breeding populations of the great bustard, ordered by numbers of birds. See Methods for criteria used to evaluate the quality of estimate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-published-estimates-of-the-world-population-of-great-3ha0kn48.png Table 1 Published estimates of the world population of Great Bustards https://scispace.com/papers/the-wrong-side-of-history-a-comparison-of-modern-and-25tfy0ym4m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-example-of-jim-crow-laws-70-396zn6ra.png Table C.1 Example of Jim Crow Laws 70 https://scispace.com/papers/the-worsening-shortage-of-college-graduate-workers-2udxrsn6xl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-occupational-shares-of-employment-growth-in-1j0e70ui.png TABLE 2 Occupational Shares of Employment Growth (in %) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-annual-growth-of-college-graduate-demand-supply-and-nicq495q.png TABLE 4 Annual Growth of College Graduate Demand, Supply, and College Wage Premiums https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-wage-premiums-by-college-major-relative-to-bachelor-bhjtmsrh.png TABLE 5 Wage Premiums by College Major (Relative to Bachelor's Degree in Humanities) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bls-projections-of-the-supply-demand-for-college-371pbmnr.png TABLE 3 BLS Projections of the Supply-Demand for College Graduates and Subsequent Changes in the College Wage Premium https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-actual-and-projected-growth-of-major-lu2jinfm.png TABLE 1 Comparison of Actual and Projected Growth of Major Occupational Groups in the 1980s https://scispace.com/papers/the-wto-dispute-settlement-system-1995-2010-some-descriptive-4218qghf66 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-23-duration-of-the-consultation-stage-mean-number-of-1a1hq4m3.png Table 23: Duration of the consultation stage (mean number of days) by complainant and respondent group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-number-of-initiated-disputes-per-year-2sf7n5jy.png Figure 1: The number of initiated disputes per year https://scispace.com/figures/table-3b-distribution-of-bilateral-complaints-across-259pr2z6.png Table 3b: Distribution of bilateral complaints across complainant and respondent groups in % https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-invocation-of-agreements-by-third-party-group-1zavdvs1.png Table 14: Invocation of agreements by third party group https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-distribution-of-number-of-legal-claims-by-group-50q1oajf.png Table 15: Distribution of number of legal claims by group pairing https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-average-number-of-claims-within-each-group-pairing-1qgiy2s6.png Table 16: Average number of claims within each group pairing https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-gats-number-of-times-invoked-in-disputes-ehddw83x.png Table 11: GATS : Number of times invoked in disputes https://scispace.com/figures/table-19-distribution-of-panelists-by-nationality-and-1w2aep4k.png Table 19: Distribution of panelists by nationality and function https://scispace.com/papers/the-wto-panel-report-on-boeing-subsidies-a-critical-47r8wwfh4t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-subsidies-granted-to-boeing-according-to-wto-panel-1oa0b4ys.png Table 1 Subsidies Granted to Boeing According to WTO Panel Report 1989-2006 https://scispace.com/papers/the-x-ray-flaring-properties-of-sgr-a-during-six-years-of-kfwsolpjjn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-xrt-spectrum-of-the-flare-detected-from-sgr-a-on-3ogggnbx.png Figure 4. XRT spectrum of the flare detected from Sgr A∗ on 2010 June 12 (6; black bullets), compared to the summed spectra of flares 1–5 (red squares). For representation purposes, the spectral data were rebinned to contain 10 photons bin−1. The solid lines indicate fits to a combination of two absorbed power laws, with all parameters for the one representing the continuum emission fixed (see Section 3.4). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-from-spectral-analysis-of-the-x-ray-flares-h0m5efu7.png Table 3 Results from Spectral Analysis of the X-Ray Flares Detected with Swift/XRT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-swift-xrt-hardness-ratio-hr-4-10-kev-2-4-kev-vs-12zj13xl.png Figure 5. Swift/XRT hardness ratio HR (4–10 keV/2–4 keV) vs. intensity for the six X-ray flares. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-swift-xrt-monitoring-observations-of-the-galactic-3muckad9.png Table 1 Swift/XRT Monitoring Observations of the Galactic Center https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-long-term-xrt-light-curve-of-sgr-a-binned-per-gti-kmkd7m98.png Figure 1. Long-term XRT light curve of Sgr A∗, binned per gti interval (0.3–10 keV). The solid horizontal line indicates the mean count rate observed in 2006–2011, whereas the dashed line indicates the 3σ level. The six confirmed X-ray flares are numbered and indicated by light gray triangles (Table 2). Flares 5 and 6 were both detected in two subsequent gti intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-swift-xrt-light-curve-of-the-flare-that-was-2fpwyef9.png Figure 2. Swift/XRT light curve of the flare that was observed on 2010 June 10 using a bin time of 120 s (0.3–10 keV). The flare was detected during both satellite orbits. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-basic-parameters-of-the-x-ray-flares-detected-with-iwi974bv.png Table 2 Basic Parameters of the X-Ray Flares Detected with Swift/XRT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-xrt-images-0-3-10-kev-illustrating-the-flare-39uqomg2.png Figure 3. XRT images (0.3–10 keV) illustrating the flare detected from Sgr A∗ on 2010 June 12 (flare 6). The observation containing the flare (ObsID 90416021) and the proceeding observation (ObsID 90416020) had similar exposure times of 1.1 and 1.0 ks, respectively. The circle indicates the 10′′ extraction region that was used in our analysis of X-ray flares from Sgr A∗. https://scispace.com/papers/the-x-chromosome-and-the-sex-ratio-of-autoimmunity-3nh1wv60qx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-x-chromosome-abnormalities-reported-in-autoimmune-16lv8yq6.png Table 2 X chromosome abnormalities reported in autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and systemic sclerosis (SSc). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-female-to-male-ratio-reported-for-autoimmune-ltq9tcva.png Table 1 Female to male ratio reported for autoimmune diseases. Diseases in which a male predominance is observed are italicized. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-view-of-the-loss-of-mosaicism-hypothesis-2e2pocx9.png Fig. 1. A schematic view of the loss of mosaicism hypothesis. The extreme skewing of X chromosome inactivation (represented on the right) causes the breakdown of self tolerance in the thymus and the persistence of autoreactive lymphocytes for X-linked antigens. https://scispace.com/papers/the-x-ray-synchrotron-emission-of-rcw-86-and-the-2v7yq5f1dg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-best-fit-models-for-the-xmm-newton-mos1-and-2-2oqrq1h8.png TABLE 1 Best-Fit Models for the XMM-Newton MOS1 and 2 Spectra https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chandra-exposure-corrected-map-of-the-northeastern-1qqed7ty.png Fig. 1.—Chandra exposure-corrected map of the northeastern part of RCW 86, using a square root brightness scaling. The red, green, and blue channels correspond to the 0.5–1, 1–1.95, and 1.95–6.6 keV energy bands, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-xmm-newton-epic-mos-spectra-from-the-regions-labeled-38sf6bb9.png Fig. 3.—XMM-Newton EPIC-MOS spectra from the regions labeled in Fig. 2.Left: Logarithmic plots of a thermal and a nonthermal spectrum.Right: Comparison of the line emission from various regions. From the northeastern spectrum (in red, left panel), the best-fit power-law model has been subtracted in order to emphasize the thermal emission. Dashed lines indicate (from left to right) the energies of Ovii Hea, O viii Lya, and Fexviii line emission. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-xmm-newton-epic-mos-pn-mosaic-of-rcw-86-with-a-1r9a9vwi.png Fig. 2.—Left: XMM-Newton EPIC (MOS/PN) mosaic of RCW 86, with a color coding similar to Fig. 1, using a square root brightness scaling. Spectral extraction regions are overlaid.Right: Archival Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope (MOST) 0.84 GHz radio map (Whiteoak & Green 1996; Dickel et al. 2001). https://scispace.com/papers/the-x-ray-spectral-properties-of-scuba-galaxies-3vmgv8lymh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-submillimeter-flux-density-vs-full-band-flux-for-the-1i2wusiz.png Fig. 1.—Submillimeter flux density vs. full-band flux for the SMGs ( filled circles) and optically classified quasars with X-ray and submillimeter constraints (open triangles). The quasar data are taken from Page et al. (2001), Vignali et al. (2001), and Isaak et al. (2002). The dashed line indicates the expected X-ray fluxes and submillimeter flux densities for a quasar with the same properties as 3C273; the submillimeter to X-ray spectral slope is independent of redshift (see Fig. 2 of Fabian et al. 2000). Our spectroscopically identified SMGs are up to 2 orders of magnitude fainter in the X-ray band than the optically classified quasars for a given submillimeter flux density. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-x-ray-spectral-fits-for-the-agn-classified-scuba-2qh7nt2l.png TABLE 2 X-Ray Spectral Fits for the AGN-classified SCUBA Galaxies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-classification-scheme-for-the-x-ray-emission-from-the-ntzccjez.png Fig. 2.—Classification scheme for the X-ray emission from the SMGs. (a) Effective photon-index histogram. The approximate observed X-ray spectral slopes for a variety of different source types (split broadly into AGN and star formation [SF]) are shown (e.g., Nandra & Pounds 1994;Maiolino et al. 1998; Colbert et al. 2004). The only sources that produce extremely flat or inverted X-ray spectral slopes ( < 0:5) are obscured AGNs. The typical uncertainties in the X-ray spectral slopes for the plotted sources are 0:3 (see Table 1). (b) Rest-frame 0.5–8.0 keV luminosity vs. 1.4 GHz luminosity density. The sources classified as obscured AGNs in (a) are indicated with crosses; the X-ray luminosities have not been corrected for the effect of absorption. The dotted line shows the X-ray–radio relationship for star-forming galaxies whose X-ray emission is dominated by HMXBs (Persic et al. 2004); this relationship is converted to the 0.5–8.0 keV band from the 2–10 keV band assuming ¼ 1:8. The X-ray emission from 15 ( 75%) of the 20 SMGs is dominated by AGN activity. We caution the reader that due to selection biases this does not directly indicate a 75% AGN fraction in the bright SMG population (see x 3.2). [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-composite-rest-frame-2-20-kev-spectra-for-each-2160g4ci.png Fig. 7.—Composite rest-frame 2–20 keV spectra for each obscuration class, as indicated (see x 3.3). The spectra are normalized to the average flux density of each obscuration class (with the exception of the NH < 10 23 cm 2 sources, which have been scaled by a factor of 2 for presentation purposes) and are binned at 20 counts bin 1. The total number of counts for each obscuration class are 690 (NH < 1023 cm 2), 990 (NH ¼ (1 5) ;1023 cm 2), and 580 (NH > 5 ; 1023 cm 2). The different line styles show the X-ray spectra for our adopted model for different amounts of X-ray absorption; the absorbing column density is taken from the joint X-ray spectral fitting for each obscuration class (see Fig. 6). The Fe K line is at 6.4 keV in the model spectra; the apparent emission feature blueward of the Fe K line is due to the supposition of the different continuum components and the Fe absorption edge at 7.1 keV. The apparent excess of <4 keV emission, with respect to the model, in the composite spectrum of the most heavily obscured sources (NH > 5 ;1023 cm 2) may be due to star formation (see x 3.4). [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-simulated-300-ks-final-configuration-xeus-spectrum-of-1llicc6m.png Fig. 9.—Simulated 300 ks final-configuration XEUS spectrum of the heavily obscured source SMMJ 123622.6+621629 (top). The spectrum was simulated using our adopted AGN model (see x 2.3) with ¼ 1:8 and NH ¼ 1:5 ; 1024 cm 2 and additionally includes an accretion-disk wind outflow (taken from NGC 1068 [Ogle et al. 2003] and scaled to the Fe K flux of our source; see x 4.4). The solid line indicates the input model with the emission-line components removed to highlight the emission-line features. The bottom panel shows the ratio of the simulated data to the model. Rest-frame 6.4 keV Fe K is easily identified (at 1.8 keV) and indicates that this source is a Compton-thick or near Compton-thick AGN. The <1 keV emission features are due to the outflowing accretion-disk wind. Six of the strongest emission lines are labeled in the bottom panel (see Ogle et al. [2003] for further information and line identifications). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-x-ray-band-ratio-vs-spectroscopic-redshift-for-the-x-2897m80d.png Fig. 3.—X-ray band ratio vs. spectroscopic redshift for the X-ray–classified AGNs. The light and dark shaded regions show the range of expected band ratios for an unabsorbed and absorbed AGN, respectively. These regions were calculated assuming a ¼ 1:8 0:5 power law with differing amounts of absorption (as shown); these simple AGN models have been calculated using PIMMS (ver. 3.2d). The error bars correspond to the uncertainties in the band ratio. This simple figure has limited diagnostic utility; however, it suggests that almost all of the AGNs are obscured. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-basic-properties-of-the-scuba-galaxies-x1onnhuc.png TABLE 1 Basic Properties of the SCUBA Galaxies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-rest-frame-far-ir-vs-unabsorbed-0-5-8-0-kev-luminosity-xy3pxeb8.png Fig. 8.—Rest-frame far-IR vs. unabsorbed 0.5–8.0 keV luminosity for our SMGs (circles) and galaxies selected from the literature (squares; individual galaxies are labeled to allow objects to be compared to the SMGs). Sources are further highlighted as follows: AGN-classified SMGs ( filled circles), starburst-classified SMGs (open circles), literature galaxies ( filled squares); literature galaxies classified as AGN-dominated or star formation–dominated by Rigopoulou et al. (1999) and Tran et al. (2001) are additionally indicated by an ‘‘A’’ or ‘‘S,’’ respectively. The diagonal lines show ratios of constant X-ray to far-IR luminosity: the dotted line shows the mean luminosity ratio of the starburst-classified SMGs, the solid line the median luminosity ratio of the AGN-classified SMGs, and the dashed line the median luminosity ratio for the quasars studied by Elvis et al. (1994). The shaded region indicates the standard deviation in the luminosity ratio of the quasars studied by Elvis et al. (1994). The X-ray and infrared data for the literature galaxies were taken from Sanders & Mirabel (1996), Hughes et al. (1997), Bassani et al. (1999), Bautz et al. (2000), Matt et al. (2000), Risaliti et al. (2000), Iwasawa (2001), Iwasawa et al. (2001), Gallagher et al. (2002), Lira et al. (2002), Verma et al. (2002), Braito et al. (2003, 2004), Franceschini et al. (2003), Sanders et al. (2003), Alexander et al. (2005a), Brandt & Hasinger (2005), Iwasawa et al. (2005a), and NED. The literature data have been converted to the cosmology used here, and when appropriate the X-ray data have been converted to the 0.5–8.0 keV band assuming ¼ 1:8 for the AGNs and ¼ 2:0 for the starburst galaxies. Although the unabsorbed X-ray luminosities are presented whenever possible, in some sources the intrinsic power of the AGN is unknown (e.g., the possible Compton-thick AGN in FSC 10214+4724; Alexander et al. 2005a) and the observed X-ray luminosity is shown. In the absence of far-IR data, far-IR luminosities were estimated from the 1.4 GHz luminosity density under the assumption of the radio to far-IR relationship. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/papers/the-yamabe-invariant-for-axially-symmetric-initial-data-of-6uasu7rcm2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-non-extreme-case-the-region-contains-the-support-of-1sxepl1n.png Figure 1. Non-extreme case: the region contains the support of R− (shaded region). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-extreme-case-the-support-of-r-shaded-region-is-not-1caad3nj.png Figure 2. Extreme case: the support of R− (shaded region) is not contained in the region . https://scispace.com/papers/the-xmm-newton-wide-field-survey-in-the-cosmos-field-iv-x-3vpw2tkka3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-x-ray-spectral-fit-parameters-244z9prs.png TABLE 1—Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-1361eu8o.png TABLE 1—Continued https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-hr-defined-using-the-0-5y2-soft-and-2y10-hard-bands-1o02gfn5.png Fig. 11.—HR defined using the 0.5Y2 (soft) and 2Y10 (hard) bands vs. the column density derived from the spectral fitting analysis. Only sources with errors on the HR smaller than 0.3 have been plotted. Filled circles are BL AGNs, while open circles are NOTBLAGNs. The horizontal dashed line corresponds to HR ¼ 0:3 used to separate absorbed and unabsorbed sources, while the vertical dashed line indicates a column density equal to 1022 cm 2. [See the electronic edition of the Supplement for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-r-k-colors-vega-distribution-for-sources-with-pl-as-3f9l3ytu.png Fig. 10.—R K colors (Vega) distribution for sources with PL as best-fit model (open histogram) and for sources with APL as a best-fit model (hatched histogram). [See the electronic edition of the Supplement for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-intrinsic-column-density-nh-distribution-for-bl-agns-28p7fo2j.png Fig. 9.—Intrinsic column density (NH) distribution for BL AGNs (open histogram) and NOT BL AGNs (hatched histogram) with intrinsic absorption in excess of the Galactic column density. [See the electronic edition of the Supplement for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-net-0-3y10-kev-pn-counts-distribution-for-the-sample-uwle7gc9.png Fig. 1.—Net 0.3Y10 keV pn counts distribution for the sample of 135 X-ray sources used in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-x-ray-0-5y10-kev-flux-distribution-for-all-the-x-ray-y3ce0q69.png Fig. 2.—X-ray 0.5Y10 keV flux distribution for all the X-ray sources (open histogram) and for the sample of spectroscopically identified sources ( filled histogram), withmore than 100 net counts, we analyze in this work. [See the electronic edition of the Supplement for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-the-best-fit-model-for-sources-with-35pl9z39.png TABLE 2 Parameters of the Best-Fit Model for Sources with Soft Excess https://scispace.com/papers/the-yellow-supergiant-progenitor-of-the-type-ii-supernova-fvgkgs46so 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pre-explosion-observations-of-the-site-of-sn-2011dh-mjr7lwp9.png Figure 1. Pre-explosion observations of the site of SN 2011dh. Each panel has dimensions 4′′× 4′′, and is oriented such that north is up and east is left. The progenitor candidate is denoted Source A. From left to right, the panels are pre-explosion WFPC2 WF2 F336W image and pre-explosion ACS WFC F555W , F658N , and F814W images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-panel-pseudo-bolometric-ubvri-light-curves-for-3ppekn5h.png Figure 5. Left panel: pseudo-bolometric UBVRI light curves for SN 2011dh and comparison SNe calculated as described in Fraser et al. (2011). Middle panel: optical spectra for SN 2011dh and comparison SNe at ∼40 d. Telluric lines are indicated with a ⊕ symbol. All spectra have been corrected for redshift as given by NED. Right panel: the spectroscopic evolution of SN 2011dh. Blue (dashed) lines mark the He i λλ6678, 7065, 7281 lines. Red (dotted) lines mark Hα at the rest wavelength and at −12, 500 km s−1. All spectra and photometry have been corrected for reddening using the extinction law of Cardelli et al. (1989) and RV = 3.1. The phase is given in days relative to an assumed explosion date of 2011 May 31.5, estimated from reported detections and non-detections (Reiland et al. 2011). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hertzsprung-russell-diagram-showing-the-1bd0l99j.png Figure 4. Hertzsprung–Russell diagram showing the luminosities and temperatures of the progenitors of SNe 2011dh (Source A; ), 1993J ( ; Maund et al. 2004; Aldering et al. 1994), 2008cn (•; Elias-Rosa et al. 2009), and 2009kr ( ; Fraser et al. 2010; Elias-Rosa et al. 2010). Overlaid are stars stellar evolution tracks for solar (red solid) and LMC (blue dashed) metallicities. The initial mass for the progenitor candidate is estimated through comparison with the luminosities of the end points of these tracks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-observed-u-b-and-v-i-colors-of-source-a-the-1n9fa7y6.png Figure 3. Observed U−B and V−I colors of Source A (the progenitor candidate for SN 2011dh; ) and the progenitor of SN 1993J ( ), compared with the colors of W-R stars (•) in M33 (Massey et al. 2006). All colors have been corrected for foreground reddening. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-observed-sed-of-source-a-as-measured-from-pre-1v6sge2a.png Figure 2. Observed SED of Source A, as measured from pre-explosion HST WFPC2 ( ) and ACS/WFC (•) images. An ATLAS synthetic spectrum for a star with Teff = 6000 K and log(g) = 1.0 is shown in gray. https://scispace.com/papers/the-yellow-agouti-mutation-alters-some-but-not-all-responses-z8qe1iuyo1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-plasma-lipids-and-hormones-gacpe6dp.png Table 2. Plasma lipids and hormones https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlations-between-mrna-expression-levels-in-2yxq4zxf.png Table 5. Correlations between mRNA expression levels in femoral and epididymal adipose depots and other phenotypes https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlation-matrix-of-obesity-and-plasma-phenotypes-og1bzidq.png Table 4. Correlation matrix of obesity and plasma phenotypes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-design-and-measurements-3tc5ujdk.png Figure 1: Experimental design and measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationships-of-percentage-body-fat-with-other-2vlfm8ap.png Figure 3: Relationships of percentage body fat with other phenotypes. When the slope or intercept of the regression lines differs between strains, data are separated by strain. WAT, white adipose tissue. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bws-and-running-wheel-patterns-of-lean-b6-and-obese-2arm0um0.png Figure 2: BWs and running wheel patterns of lean (B6) and obese (Ay) mice. (A) BWs of sed lean (B6) and obese (Ay) mice. One-half of the sed B6 and one-half of the sed Ay mice were rest’d to 83% at 21 weeks and then to 73% at 25 weeks of age. Mice were sacrificed when weight-matched to ad lib sed mice (29 weeks of age). (B) BWs of ex lean (B6) and obese (Ay) mice. One-half of the ex Ay mice were rest’d to 83% ad lib at 21 weeks and to 73% at 25 weeks of age. Mice were sacrificed when weight-matched to ad lib B6 mice (29.5 weeks). (C) Total running wheel revolutions for each 24-hour period for ad lib B6, ad lib Ay, and rest’d Ay mice. https://scispace.com/papers/the-zcosmos-20k-group-catalog-37jpo5w057 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fraction-of-detectable-halos-in-the-zcosmos-20k-ebb027h8.png Figure 2. Fraction of detectable halos in the zCOSMOS 20k mock samples, as a function of redshift, where detectable corresponds to having at least two members with spectroscopic redshifts above IAB = 22.5 after the spacial sampling and spectroscopic success rate are applied. The lines (from bottom to top) correspond to groups more massive than 11, 11.5, 12, 12.5, 13, 13.5, and 14, respectively, in units of log(M/M ). The shaded area is the standard deviation among the 24 mock catalogs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-positions-of-the-zcosmos-20k-groups-in-redshift-3p1j1fj6.png Figure 7. Positions of the zCOSMOS 20k groups in redshift space. The groups are plotted as a function of right ascension and comoving distance, where the richness N of the groups is color coded as indicated above the cone. The labels on the left side of the cone indicate the redshift and the ones on the right side the corresponding comoving distance. Note that the transverse scale of the cone has been stretched by about a factor of two for clarity. In reality, the comoving depth of this cone (from z = 0.1 to 1) is about 70 times longer than its transverse comoving size at z = 0.5. The comoving transverse scale of the cone is indicated by the horizontal bar at the top. The clustering of the groups and the cosmic large-scale structure are clearly visible up to the highest redshifts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-projected-physical-offset-between-the-estimated-38fhcnrn.png Figure 19. Projected physical offset between the estimated group centers and the true group centers in the mock catalogs. The lines show the median offsets of all reconstructed 2WM groups within the 24 mock catalogs, and the error bars indicate the upper and lower quartiles. The x-axis plots the four quartiles for the apparent group extension r̃rms (see Table 8). The estimators are indicated for each row in the left panel and the richness class increases toward right. Blue lines contain only spec-z information, and red and green lines contain spec-z and photo-z information. For comparison, E1 is shown in all panels as dotted line. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-multi-run-parameter-sets-for-fof-272er9j1.png Table 1 Multi-run Parameter Sets for FOF https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multi-run-parameter-sets-for-vdm-1bh3uriy.png Table 2 Multi-run Parameter Sets for VDM https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-fractions-of-centrals-and-satellites-in-different-2kb0tr24.png Table 9 Fractions of Centrals and Satellites in Different Galaxy Samples in the Redshift Range 0.1 < z < 0.8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-completeness-and-purity-for-complementary-samples-2o154pvq.png Table 10 Completeness and Purity for Complementary Samples of Centrals and Satellites in the Redshift Range 0.1 < z < 0.8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-errors-for-the-fudge-quantities-using-the-20k-mock-1l479hub.png Table 7 Errors for the Fudge Quantities Using the 20k Mock Catalogs https://scispace.com/papers/the-zebra-mussel-dreissena-polymorpha-a-photographic-guide-11xppnni7a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-18-veligers-preserved-with-lugol-s-solution-note-muoa1qew.png Fig. 16-18: Veligers "preserved" with Lugol's solution. Note: ruptured velum and dislodged cilia (bar = 100 urn) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-13-live-dreisenna-polymorpha-veligers-and-postveligers-335ucmkj.png Fig. 9-13: Live Dreisenna polymorpha veligers and postveligers (bar = 100 urn) . Fig. 9 and 11 anterior (A) view of postveliger https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-live-dreisenna-polymorpha-veliger-with-velum-fully-207skx69.png Fig. 14: Live Dreisenna polymorpha veliger with velum fully extended (bar = 200 urn) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-24-plankton-sample-preserved-with-sugar-forma-l-in-33d8pmgk.png Fig. 22-24: Plankton sample "preserved" with sugar-forma l in containing veligers, postveligers, phytoplankton rotifers and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-21-polymorpha-dreissena-veligers-and-postveligers-3glwjzp0.png Fig. 19-21: Polymorpha dreissena veligers and postveligers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-30-life-cycle-stages-of-dreissena-polymorpha-pallas-1771-3v42y6wi.png Fig. 30: Life-Cycle stages of Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771). Note: Time period for these stages has not been defined. See text for approximate periods. Photograph https://scispace.com/papers/the-zeus-data-preservation-project-y2lvecxnmk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-dphep-preservation-modes-listed-in-order-of-39voppt3.png Table 1. The DPHEP preservation modes listed in order of increasing complexity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-scheme-of-stand-alone-mc-simulation-package-16nlzugh.png Figure 1. The scheme of stand-alone MC simulation package validation test. https://scispace.com/papers/the-zooplankton-of-the-shallow-lakes-of-the-semi-arid-region-2hnjg8c6bg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-taxa-registered-during-2007-in-ten-lakes-of-the-3qg8kalm.png Table 3. Taxa registered during 2007 in ten lakes of the central semi-arid southern South America. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-total-mean-zooplankton-biomass-bars-in-1h2za7o6.png Fig. 6. Comparison of total mean zooplankton biomass (bars) in the ten lakes during 2007 and relative contribution of each taxonomic group (circles). The Y axis is in logarithmic scale and the bars indicate the standard deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-biplot-showing-the-results-of-principal-component-a8qq6mgd.png Fig. 7. Biplot showing the results of principal component analysis, including environmental variables and zooplankton richness, density, and biomass. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-denomination-geographic-location-and-main-s13opyus.png Table 1. Denomination, geographic location, and main morphometric parameters of the lakes of the semi-arid southern South America (Argentinian central pampa) studied during 2007. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-clustering-analysis-based-on-the-presence-absence-3pmkgbc4.png Fig. 3. Clustering analysis based on the presence–absence Jaccard index of the most representative zooplankton species recorded in the ten lakes of the semi-arid southern South America during 2007. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-results-of-the-nonparametric-olmstead-and-tukey-test-2tk99x0z.png Fig. 5. Results of the nonparametric Olmstead and Tukey test showing the relationship between the density of the different taxa and their frequency of occurrence. Rotifers (above) and crustaceans (below). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geographic-locations-of-the-ten-lakes-of-the-semi-arid-12610zl9.png Fig. 1. Geographic locations of the ten lakes of the semi-arid southern South America (Argentinian central pampa) studied during 2007. 1: Cha; 2: EPM; 3: LAr; 4: ESJ; 5: DT; 6: BG; 7: OaPB; 8: Ut; 9: EC; 10: LAm. A: Phytogeographic region of the Monte; B: Thorny Forest; C: Pampa Plains. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-total-mean-zooplankton-density-bars-in-1nn19uf5.png Fig. 4. Comparison of total mean zooplankton density (bars) in the ten lakes during 2007 and the relative contribution of each taxonomic group (circles). The Y axis is in logarithmic scale and the bars indicate the standard deviations. https://scispace.com/papers/the-zwicky-transient-facility-observing-system-1zwpumg2xg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-measured-transmission-of-ztf-bandpass-filters-1cd56tsk.png Figure 5. Measured transmission of ZTF bandpass filters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ztf-cryostat-window-as-dimensioned-for-fabrication-lyhnww6u.png Figure 6. ZTF cryostat window as dimensioned for fabrication. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-ztf-telescope-tube-baffling-layout-consists-of-7-t3qtn5ry.png Figure 10. ZTF telescope tube baffling layout consists of 7 concentric baffles that off-axis scattered (e.g. moon) light cannot reach the primary mirror without scattering at least twice from blackened surfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ztf-camera-3s200vp5.png Table 3. ZTF Camera https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-diq-error-budget-for-ztf-in-r-band-fwhm-in-txzqre8o.png Table 4. DIQ error budget for ZTF in r-band, FWHM in arcseconds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-open-loop-corrections-for-tip-and-tilt-in-degrees-2b2gboxe.png Figure 23. Open loop corrections for tip and tilt, in degrees as a function of Hour Angle (hours) and Declination (degrees). These maps are derived represent hexapod settings for sharpest images at each pointing and are being steadily refined. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-evolution-of-median-of-fwhm-over-full-field-and-2gywwd15.png Figure 24. Evolution of median of FWHM over full field and all exposures for any given night in g-band (squares), r-band (triangles) and I band (circles). The majority of the time seeing is subdominant and differences are largely due to optical aberrations. At the 1âĂİ/pixel image scale PSF sampling is routinely sub-nyquist in r and i bands. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-noise-histogram-for-all-64-science-channels-3jw9lo02.png Figure 13. Noise histogram for all 64 science channels. https://scispace.com/papers/them-and-us-did-democrat-inclusiveness-and-republican-4ibd73urpk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptives-for-values-republicans-3nqgonee.png Table 3 –Descriptives for Values, Republicans https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptives-for-values-democrats-11hbibjn.png Table 2 –Descriptives for Values, Democrats https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effects-of-sociodemographic-variables-and-group-pkue362v.png Table 1: Effects of Sociodemographic Variables and Group Membership https://scispace.com/papers/thematic-segmentation-of-meetings-through-document-speech-45snd3o1me 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-an-example-of-final-clustering-for-a-stereotyped-1esj6us3.png Figure 5. An example of final clustering for a stereotyped meeting. Speech utterances are plotted on the vertical axis and document sentences on the horizontal axis. The ground-truth thematic segments are displayed as vertical and horizontal bars (resp. documents and meeting dialogs). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-clusters-projection-on-the-speech-axis-38sm3zy0.png Figure 6. Clusters projection on the speech axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-segments-overlapping-problem-c2pf8vqg.png Figure 7. The segments overlapping problem. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-thematic-linking-between-documents-and-audio-video-3ajqn06v.png Figure 1. Thematic linking between documents and audio/video meeting data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-thematic-segmentation-process-2pvz8w3l.png Figure 3. The thematic segmentation process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-bi-graph-representing-multiple-alignments-2933nvv9.png Figure 2. A bi-graph representing multiple alignments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2d-representation-of-the-alignment-results-rkilcm5o.png Figure 4. 2D representation of the alignment results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bi-modal-thematic-segmentation-comparing-to-other-mxymcxvp.png Table 1. Bi-modal thematic segmentation, comparing to other mono-modal methods. https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-analysis-and-preliminary-experiments-on-the-qhwp36bj3h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-5-dose-rate-at-ourfncc-of-55-8211-druil-cul-l-la-lnfng-2pjjflz0.png Fig. 2 . 5 - Dose rate at ourfncc of 55-8211 druil cul l la lnfng CnCO https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-2-s-e-l-e-c-t-i-v-e-abso-rp-t-ion-system-f-o-r-krypton-1kzq7fwb.png Fig. 2 . 5 - Dose rate at ourfncc of 55-8211 druil cul l la lnfng CnCO https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-9-p-l-o-t-s-eq-4-28-as-can-be-s-een-very-h-igh-dfs-1zl2f5do.png Figure 4.9 p l o t s Eq. (4.28).., As can be s een , very h igh DFs a r e https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-methods-used-t-o-remove-krypton-i-n-s-e-t-i1-k88hli86.png Table 3.3. Methods used t o remove krypton i n s e t I1 experiments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-8-c02-removal-sys-tem-w-i-t-h-2-s-t-i-r-r-e-d-t-a-n-k-1ia425fo.png Fig. 4.8. C02 removal sys tem w i t h 2 s t i r r e d t a n k r e a c t o r s , 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-6-carbon-d-iox-ide-removal-us-ing-t-h-e-feed-gas-f-o-r-2ol67m3z.png Fig. 4.6. Carbon d iox ide removal us ing t h e feed gas f o r k ryp ton https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-3-c02-removal-svs-tern-skgqgm7d.png Fig. 2 . 5 - Dose rate at ourfncc of 55-8211 druil cul l la lnfng CnCO https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-results-of-i-n-i-t-i-a-l-experiments-2oz7e42s.png Table 3.2. Results of i n i t i a l experiments https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-analysis-of-air-bending-at-high-temperature-1sw4s45ky5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-thermal-18r6ef7e.png Fig. 3 – Thermal https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-scheme-of-s-tqrd9zal.png Fig. 8 – Scheme of s https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-numerical-model-used-to-predict-temperature-192px8k1.png Fig. 1 – Numerical model used to predict temperature https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scheme-of-thermal-model-33v1scq4.png Fig. 2 – Scheme of thermal model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-extreme-temperature-distributions-corresponding-to-1ccmo6a0.png Fig. 10 – (a) Extreme temperature distributions corresponding to maximum and minimum contact force and resistance power. (b) Influence of element width in temperature distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-temperature-evolution-in-elements-1-20-and-resistances-v6aiqxcn.png Fig. 9 – Temperature evolution in elements 1–20 and resistances. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-influence-of-temperature-in-calculated-bending-force-2jjy2svi.png Fig. 12 – Influence of temperature in calculated bending force at room and with high temperature distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-parameters-of-constitutive-equation-of-material-sheet-11mkk5hk.png Fig. 4 – Parameters of constitutive equation of material sheet. https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-analysis-of-a-feedback-insensitive-semiconductor-hoy66zrcmz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-values-used-for-physical-quantities-3qtoqi41.png Table I VALUES USED FOR PHYSICAL QUANTITIES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-steady-state-output-power-as-a-function-of-qc26zs1y.png Figure 2. The steady state output power as a function of feedback strength as indicated in figure 1. For stronger EOF, the ccw mode experiences a higher effective gain and is therefore stronger. Since the carriers are shared between both modes, this results in a slightly weaker cw mode. It can also be seen that for stronger isolation, i.e. small Tiso, this effect is reduced. When 100 % of the light is returned to the cavity as EOF, the effect on Icw is limited to 2 % for an isolation of 10 dB. https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-and-empirical-analysis-of-diversity-in-non-5g77xl7p2v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dataset-properties-9j7zf777.png Fig. 2. Dataset properties. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-breast-cancer-dataset-the-difference-in-generalisation-1eaks568.png Fig. 4. Breast Cancer dataset. The difference in generalisation error rate between the least and most diverse ensembles on concepts generated from the Breast Cancer dataset; White areas show the biggest gains for high diversity, while dark areas indicate that low diversity is more desirable. The x-axis indicates number of examples since the concept change. The y-axis indicates the severity of concept change (the proportion of the 30 features that were swapped with random noise). The dark line indicates no performance difference between diverse and non-diverse. The intensity of the background colour indicates the percentage advantage for diverse ensembles for the given timestep and severity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pima-indians-diabetes-dataset-see-figure-4-for-36srs74i.png Fig. 5. Pima Indians Diabetes dataset. See Figure 4 for explanation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-heart-disease-dataset-see-figure-4-for-explanation-2p3prwpi.png Fig. 6. Heart Disease dataset. See Figure 4 for explanation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-stagger-dataset-transition-from-concept-1-to-concept-2-3cqir5z5.png Fig. 3. STAGGER dataset (transition from concept 1 to concept 2). The difference in generalisation error rate between the least and most diverse ensembles on the first and second concepts from the STAGGER dataset. The x-axis indicates number of examples since the concept change. The y-axis indicates the difference in error rate (positive means that less diverse ensembles have higher error). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-we-take-an-original-stationary-problem-with-5-features-9yjuow89.png Fig. 1. We take an original stationary problem with 5 features, x1 . . . x5. For the first concept, we append two noise features, z1, z2, to this. The ensemble is then trained on this concept. To produce a second concept, we swap z1, z2 with two random original features (in this case, x1, x4). This gives us two 7- feature concepts, both with 2 irrelevant features, where 3 features (x2, x3, x5) are consistent between concepts. Increasing the number of noise features that we swap will decrease the similarity between concepts. Since the concepts both contain all the original features (the difference being in the order of the features), they will share common properties such as the Bayes error rate. https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-analysis-of-the-zigzag-instability-of-a-vertical-l96jhtvkr3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-isopycnals-given-by-3-21-above-and-below-a-hkogrr4x.png Figure 3. (a) Isopycnals given by (3.21) above and below a sinusoidal bend η2 in the y-direction of a single axisymmetric vortex (the initial perturbation β2 in the x-direction is assumed equal to 0). The amplitude of the deformation has been exaggerated. The trajectory of a particle is shown as a bold line on the lower surface. (b) Contours of the vertical velocity ũz00 given by (3.22). Shaded regions indicate upward motions. The vertical arrows show the direction of the vertical velocity. This vertical velocity field induces in the middle horizontal plane (not represented) a divergence at the front of the vortex and a convergence at the back. The larger horizontal arrow indicates the direction of the potential flow along the x-axis from the convergence to the divergence zones that is generated at order F 2v in order to satisfy mass conservation. The vertical velocity also stretches and squeezes the basic-state vertical vorticity in the middle horizontal plane: the vertical vorticity is increased at the front and decreased at the back in order to conserve potential vorticity. This effect also tends to displace the vortex in the direction of the horizontal arrow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-shape-of-the-bending-deformations-induced-by-the-s38yjcgc.png Figure 5. Shape of the bending deformations induced by the zigzag instability on the co-rotating vortex pair. This picture is schematic since the linear perturbation has been added to the basic state with an arbitrary O(1) amplitude in order to make the deformation visible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sketch-of-the-mechanism-of-the-zigzag-instability-jrqq57rx.png Figure 4. Sketch of the mechanism of the zigzag instability: the vortex pair (dotted line) is perturbed by a small rotation δα modulated vertically. The perturbed vortex pair is shown by solid lines. Since δα is small, the perturbation is equivalent to a y-translation of the two vortices in opposite directions (η1 < 0, η2 > 0). Three-dimensional effects then displace the two vortices along the x-axis such that the two vortices move closer (β1 > 0, β2 < 0). Thus the rotation speed and the initial perturbation δα increases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-between-the-vertical-vorticity-of-the-24l0oab8.png Figure 8. Comparison between the vertical vorticity of the eigenmodes obtained numerically (top row) and the asymptotic eigenmodes (bottom row) for various products kzFh. The value of the angle ζ between the negative x-axis and the line joining the extrema of vorticity of the dipole pattern is also shown. The numerical simulations correspond to Re=500; 1/Λ=0.15 (see Otheguy et al., 2006 for further details). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-between-the-orientation-of-the-dipole-1qw8cmjk.png Figure 9. Comparison between the orientation of the dipole pattern of the eigenmodes (line joining the minimum and maximum vertical vorticity of the dipole pattern) obtained asymptotically (curve) and numerically (diamonds) as a function of kzFh. The numerical simulations correspond to Re=16 000; 1/Λ=0.15. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketch-of-the-two-co-rotating-vortices-with-the-2xmq069s.png Figure 1. Sketch of the two co-rotating vortices with the different coordinate systems used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-a-the-maximum-growth-rate-against-1-2xx35nvj.png Figure 7. Comparison of (a) the maximum growth rate against 1/Λ2 and (b) of the most amplified wavenumber against 1/Λ, obtained numerically for Fh =1 and Re=16 000 (diamonds) and asymptotically (line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-basic-vortex-pair-dotted-line-is-perturbed-by-a-3f117so3.png Figure 2. The basic vortex pair (dotted line) is perturbed by a small rotation δα and a small variation of the separation distance Λ→Λ(1 + δΛ). The perturbed vortex pair is represented by solid lines. Since δα and δΛ are small, the perturbation is equivalent to x- and y-translations of the two vortices in opposite directions such that the centres of the perturbed vortices are located at (β2 =ΛδΛ/2, η2 =Λδα/2) and (β1 =−ΛδΛ/2, η1 =−Λδα/2). https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-analysis-of-ridge-gratings-for-long-range-1zqfzkz9wo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-theoretical-and-experimental-transmission-spectra-for-3sftn1ye.png FIG. 8. Theoretical and experimental transmission spectra for LRSPP gratings with N=160 ridges for the ridge heights h=5, 10, 20, and 30 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-electric-field-magnitude-versus-position-along-a-lrspp-3knwe0ii.png FIG. 6. Electric field magnitude versus position along a LRSPP grating with 320 ridges of height 20 nm. The fixed height y =300 nm above the gold film is considered. The wavelength is =1550 nm in the bandgap . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-theoretical-and-experimental-reflection-spectra-for-dlr020yn.png FIG. 7. Theoretical and experimental reflection spectra for LRSPP gratings with N=160 ridges for the ridge heights h=5, 10, 20, and 30 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-reflection-r-transmission-t-and-out-of-plane-3n7gwof0.png FIG. 9. Reflection R , transmission T , and out-of-plane scattering OUPS for SPP gratings with N=40 and 160 gold ridges of height h=10 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematic-of-a-long-range-surface-plasmon-3dx8kknr.png FIG. 1. Color online Schematic of a long-range surface plasmon polariton grating. The position y=0 corresponds to the upper surface of the thin gold film of thickness d. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-reflection-r-transmission-t-and-out-of-plane-32xl19c0.png FIG. 10. Reflection R , transmission T , and out-of-plane scattering OUPS for SPP gratings with N=40 and 160 gold ridges of height h=20 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-schematic-of-the-bandstructure-for-a-rhmfvggt.png FIG. 3. Color online Schematic of the bandstructure for a fully periodic LRSPP grating number of ridges N= . The shaded continuum corresponds to out-of-plane propagating waves, i.e., combinations of frequencies / and in-plane Bloch wave numbers kx that are allowed in the polymer material in the absence of the metallic structure. The solid line below the continuum represents a Bloch mode bound to and propagating along the grating structure. The part of the solid line inside the shaded continuum should be interpreted as a resonance due to leakage of light into out-of-plane propagating waves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-reflection-r-transmission-t-and-out-of-plane-4j4zweqa.png FIG. 2. Reflection R , transmission T , and out-of-plane scattering OUPS for LRSPP gratings with a 15 nm gold film and N =80, 160, and 320 gold ridges of height h=10 nm, width W =230 nm, and spacing =500 nm. The gold film and ridges are surrounded by a polymer with refractive index 1.543. https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-and-experimental-analysis-of-an-evolutionary-4ucrmjowa0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-expected-utility-and-expected-reproductive-2junuzjk.png Table 3: The expected utility and expected reproductive fitness of sII and sIEI from Example 5. sIEI has a higher expected reproductive fitness, and therefore will be likely to win a game against sII, even though sII has a higher expected utility. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-portion-of-innovation-actions-calculated-as-ninv-2da20y4v.png Table 5: The portion of innovation actions (calculated as nInv/(nInv + nObs)) in the -best-response strategy when the standard deviations of πInv and πObs are as specified. In all cases, µInv = 100 and µObs = 110. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-of-a-game-in-which-there-is-a-large-1evdvg3y.png Figure 1: An example of a game in which there is a large structural shock. The columns for the exploitation actions Xi show their values at each round, and the columns for agents A1–A3 show their histories. Note that by round 6, all agents choose action X4, which has changed to a very low value. Since none of the agents are innovating, none of them can find the newly optimal action X3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-nodes-searched-in-the-uniform1-2t395s92.png Figure 2: Number of nodes searched in the uniform1 environment, with different combinations of caching and pruning. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-observed-probability-that-sself-sevc-and-3dwcht7e.png Figure 4: The observed probability that sself , sEVC, and EVChooser will innovate, observe, or exploit when they are a given number of rounds old (on the x-axis) and with a given value of the best action in the agent’s repertoire. These results were observed by allowing each strategy to play itself for five games of 10,000 rounds each with 100 agents alive on each round, generating a total of 5,000,000 samples. All graphs in this figure share the same legend, which is included in graph c) and omitted elsewhere to save space. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-glossary-of-notation-used-in-this-paper-2gyapfbq.png Table 2: A glossary of notation used in this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-win-percentages-of-sself-and-sevc-when-playing-2w0flsi4.png Table 6: Win percentages of sself and sEVC when playing against EVChooser over 10,000 games as both Defender and Invader. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-percentage-of-games-won-out-of-10000-by-sself-sevc-27bslvea.png Table 7: Percentage of games won (out of 10,000) by sself , sEVC, and EVChooser in a melee contest between all three. https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-and-experimental-study-on-normal-contact-30a35m00y6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-schematic-view-of-the-test-2ryyt30u.png Figure 11 The schematic view of the test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-experimental-values-of-the-joint-surfaces-with-sa-3n9ft65d.png Figure 14 Experimental values of the joint surfaces with Sa=1.86 μm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-experimental-values-of-the-joint-surfaces-with-sa-3bhq8gvc.png Figure 13 Experimental values of the joint surfaces with Sa=2.69 μm https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-equivalent-fractal-parameter-values-of-the-joint-2g1duu5y.png Table 1 Equivalent fractal parameter values of the joint surfaces https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-diagram-of-texture-sample-selection-2de2n7hb.png Figure 5 Schematic diagram of texture sample selection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-structure-function-graph-of-the-surface-profiles-r1jjmcl1.png Figure 6 Structure function graph of the surface profiles https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameter-rnew-for-the-specimens-111ywuxo.png Table 2 Parameter RNew for the specimens https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-test-rig-for-normal-contact-stiffness-evaluation-2pfjowsd.png Figure 10 Test rig for normal contact stiffness evaluation https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-determination-of-the-dissociation-energy-of-1xpzg792az 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-determining-the-analytic-form-eq-3-of-the-25bokjxt.png Table 1: Parameters determining the analytic form, Eq. (3), of the Born-Oppneheimer potential for H2. All parameters are in atomic units. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-energy-differences-in-cm-1-between-the-ground-xuv35ole.png Table 5: The energy differences (in cm−1) between the ground-state energy of H2 and energies of the first rotationally and vibrationally excited states. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dissociation-energies-for-h2-and-d2-in-cm-1-compared-1g9j5suy.png Table 4: Dissociation energies for H2 and D2 (in cm−1) compared with experimental data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameters-determining-the-analytic-form-eq-14-of-3anf48qe.png Table 3: Parameters determining the analytic form, Eq. (14), of the Bethe logarithm lnKel(R). All parameters are in atomic units. https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-and-experimental-study-of-the-reaction-between-519i3rn3f8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relation-between-the-mulliken-sodium-charge-and-the-cjxw82e9.png Figure 4. Relation between the Mulliken sodium charge and the activation energy for the reaction AN + NaNO2 and AN + NaNO3 with a water molecule. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-geometry-of-the-transition-state-of-the-reaction-2jaw3jyv.png Figure 5. Geometry of the transition state of the reaction between sodium nitrate and ammonium nitrate in gas phase, with a water molecule, with the PCM approach on ANNaNO3 dimer and with the PCM approach on AN-NaNO3-H2O trimer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-thermograms-of-nano2-nano3-and-their-mixtures-with-ai3vehwv.png Figure 1. Thermograms of NaNO2, NaNO3 and their mixtures with ammonium nitrate. A) DSC of [AN + NaNO2], B) DSC of [AN+NaNO3] and C) HFC of [AN + NaNO2]. For DSC thermograms the data has been transposed on the y-axis for clarity. The position of the endothermic AN solid-solid phase transition at 55°C is indicated by a red arrow on the x-axis for each system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-geometry-of-the-transition-state-of-the-reaction-39c0tdl6.png Figure 2. Geometry of the transition state of the reaction between sodium nitrite and ammonium nitrate in gas phase, with water molecule, with the PCM approach on AN-NaNO2 dimer and with the PCM approach on AN-NaNO2-H2O trimer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-enthalpy-of-decomposition-for-the-first-exotherm-3pkfv2d1.png Table 1. Enthalpy of decomposition for the first exotherm detected by DSC and HFC in Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-m06-2x-6-311-g-2d-2p-gibbs-energy-1m88j935.png Figure 6. Comparison of M06-2X/6-311+G(2d,2p) Gibbs energy profiles (kcal/mol) for the reaction between AN and NaNO3 in gas phase (black), with one explicit water molecule (blue), with PCM on AN-NaNO3 dimer (red) and with PCM on AN-NaNO3-H2O trimer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-m06-2x-6-311-g-2d-2p-gibbs-energy-320kp7rf.png Figure 3. Comparison of M06-2X/6-311+G(2d,2p) Gibbs energy profiles (kcal/mol) for the reaction between AN and NaNO2 in gas phase (black), with one explicit water molecule (blue), with PCM on AN-NaNO2 (red) and with PCM on AN-NaNO2-H2O trimer (green). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relative-energies-kcal-mol-1-of-the-reactions-1ifxqehm.png Table 2. Relative energies (kcal mol-1) of the reactions between AN and sodium salts in gas phase https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-calculations-meet-experiment-to-explain-the-11e9i5m99n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-absorption-and-z7yoqqrp.png Figure 1: Schematic representation of the absorption and emission processes with respect to the configuration coordinate Q. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-projected-charge-densities-on-the-last-occupied-hgjuz4nm.png Figure 3: Projected charge densities on the last occupied electronic state at the (a) initial and (b) final step of the emission process within the Ti-doped ZrO2 system. Zr, Ti, O(3) and O(4) atoms are represented by green, blue, red and orange spheres, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-defect-formation-enthalpies-vs-uef-for-o-rich-1hahag4g.png Figure 4: (a) Defect formation enthalpies vs. µEF for O-rich (point A in Table S2) and (b) O-poor (point H in Table S2) synthesis conditions. (c) Defect concentrations vs. crystal growth temperature Tgr for O-rich and (b) O-poor synthesis conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-view-of-the-primitive-cell-of-m-zro2-along-the-3enxpayq.png Figure 2: (a) View of the primitive cell of m-ZrO2 along the [001] crystallographic direction. Zr atoms are represented by green spheres. O(3) and O(4) species are distinguished by red and orange spheres, respectively. (b) O(4) tetragonal, (c) O(3) trigonal plane and (d) Zr 7-coordinated environments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-position-of-the-1-0-transition-level-in-ev-within-286fwc30.png Table 2: Position of the (+1/0) transition level (in eV) within the band gap for complex defects under O-poor synthesis conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-charge-transition-levels-for-point-defects-of-1xbdh092.png Figure 6: Charge transition levels for point defects of interest, i.e., oxygen vacancies, zirconium substituted by titanium and complex defects. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-left-ti-environment-ti-o-3-and-o-4-atoms-are-1ig67ehf.png Table 1: (left) Ti environment. Ti, O(3) and O(4) atoms are depicted by blue, red and orange spheres, respectively. (right) Ti-O distances at both ground and excited states together with their respective variations ∆(r) (in Å). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-nature-of-tizr-species-in-m-zro2-as-a-function-of-dfptayh6.png Figure 5: Nature of TiZr species in m-ZrO2 as a function of synthesis conditions. These atmospheres correspond to the frontier of the m-ZrO2 stability domain between the A and E points (see Figure S3 and Table S2 in SI). The related chemical potential deviations (in eV) of oxygen (∆µO) and zirconium (∆µZr) are only reported for clarity. Results were obtained considering the growth and room temperatures arbitrarily set at 1100 and 300 K, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-and-practical-considerations-behind-the-use-of-5g40ehf1i7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-graphical-representation-of-the-main-concepts-8z48kr44.png Fig. 1. Graphical representation of the main concepts expressed in the present review. We describe the environmental variables influencing the onset and course of TS symptoms in humans and animal models. On the y-axis we report the gravity of symptoms (from low, no symptoms, to peak, full-blown pathology). The arrows indicate the potential vulnerability factors as observed both in clinical and preclinical studies. Black arrows indicate vulnerability factors exerting organizational effects (delayed consequences) while the white arrow indicates factors exerting activational effects (immediate consequences). The x-axis reports the different matu h https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-formulation-and-analysis-of-the-deterministic-2zaxaol70f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-illustration-of-the-signal-transformation-191n7vf8.png Figure 2: An illustration of the signal transformation process of the DCA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-terms-and-definitions-used-in-section-3-and-3n956byv.png Table 2: List of terms and definitions used in Section 3 and Section 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-illustration-of-different-steps-of-the-dca-where-13c75cp2.png Figure 3: An illustration of different steps of the DCA, where the initialisation and analysis steps are performed at the population level and the rest of the steps (bounded within the two vertical lines) are performed at the individual DC level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-primitive-operations-of-algorithm-1-where-1s7i55gc.png Table 1: Details of primitive operations of Algorithm 1, where N is the size of DC population, n is the data size, a is the number of antigen instances, and b is the number of antigen types. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-state-chart-describing-the-three-states-of-an-237dsedw.png Figure 1: A state-chart describing the three states of an individual DC. https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-investigation-of-the-low-energy-states-of-cpmocl-eqe72gtbyh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-geometry-parameters-and-relative-energies-of-the-1cilwi4n.png Table 1. Geometry Parameters and Relative Energies of the Educts, CpMoCl(PH3)2. a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-b3lyp-dzp-optimized-structures-of-the-transition-2g1ytbrq.png Figure 5. B3LYP/DZP optimized structures of the transition state (TS) of CO addition to CpMoCl(PMe3)2 on the lowest spin triplet PES (uppermost structure, C1 symmetric, 3A) as well as the first (middle, 3A/1A) and second (lower, 3A/1A) located MECP. The two MECPs are close to Cs symmetric. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-geometry-parameters-and-relative-energies-of-ochw3n6k.png Table 5. Geometry Parameters and Relative Energies of Stationary Points and MECPs of CO Addition to CpMoCl(PMe3)2. a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-b3lyp-dzp-lt-curves-for-the-coordination-of-co-to-1qwdqlxk.png Figure 4. B3LYP/DZP LT curves for the coordination of CO to the lowest triplet state (13A) and the second lowest doublet state (21A) of CpMoCl(PMe3)2. The states are labeled according to the order in the educt assuming C1 symmetry. Key optimized structures are viewed along the Mo— Cp centroid axis. The LT constrained optimizations were performed without symmetry restrictions. The points pertaining to the spin triplet educt (infinite Mo—CO distance) as well as the two addition products (the two leftmost points) involve full, unconstrained optimizations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-geometry-parameters-and-relative-energies-of-the-2fy6fdee.png Table 2. Geometry Parameters and Relative Energies of the MECP and Product of N2 Addition to CpMoCl(PH3)2. a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-b3lyp-dzp-optimized-structures-of-the-triplet-educt-2p8wjf3h.png Figure 3. B3LYP/DZP optimized structures of the triplet educt (upper structure), MECP (middle) and spin singlet product (lower) of N2 addition to CpMoCl(PMe3)2. The two latter structures are Cs-symmetric whereas the geometry of the educt deviates slightly from Cs symmetry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-b3lyp-dzp-optimized-structures-of-the-mecp-between-cj7t2b5x.png Figure 2. B3LYP/DZP optimized structures of the MECP between the 21A’ and 3A’’ PESs during addition of N2 to CpMoCl(PH3)2 (uppermost structure) and the spin singlet product of N2 addition (lower). The latter structure is Cs-symmetric whereas the geometry of the MECP displays minor deviations from Cs symmetry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-b3lyp-dzp-lt-curves-for-the-coordination-of-n2-to-31oheajs.png Figure 1. B3LYP/DZP LT curves for the coordination of N2 to the four lowest electronic states of CpMoCl(PH3)2. The states are labeled according to the order in the educt. Key optimized structures are viewed along the Mo—Cp centroid axis. The constrained optimizations were https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-kinetic-study-for-methyl-levulinate-oxidation-by-1w6dx20f48 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-arrhenius-plot-of-the-unimolecular-rate-constants-for-3n8dfvnn.png Fig. 11 Arrhenius plot of the unimolecular rate constants for theMLR4 radical. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-optimized-structure-of-methyl-levulinate-208n7iae.png Fig. 1 Optimized structure of methyl levulinate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-total-hydrogen-abstraction-rate-constants-for-methyl-196xr885.png Table 2 Total hydrogen abstraction rate constants for methyl levulinate (ML). (Bold values: R = OH , italic values: R = CH3) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-decomposition-pathways-of-methyl-levulinate-considered-1ir3onwy.png Fig. 2 Decomposition pathways of methyl levulinate considered in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-temperature-dependent-branching-ratio-for-hydrogen-yl3r5asz.png Fig. 5 Temperature dependent branching ratio for hydrogen abstraction reactions of methyl levulinate (ML) and OH. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-relative-zero-point-corrected-potential-energy-diagram-3394yfbk.png Fig. 6 Relative zero-point corrected potential energy diagram for the reaction ML + OH yielding MLR1 obtained from G3//MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ calculations. RC: pre-reaction complex, TS: transition state, PC: postreaction complex. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-calculated-enthalpies-of-formation-for-methyl-23u6798z.png Table 3 Calculated enthalpies of formation for methyl levulinate radicals based on the G3//MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-arrhenius-plot-of-the-unimolecular-rate-constants-for-97p8x5x7.png Fig. 9 Arrhenius plot of the unimolecular rate constants for the MLR1 radical. https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-investigation-of-the-low-frequency-fundamental-4kotfarq7z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ec-radius-recdzth-assuming-circular-cross-sections-as-3w0lhlzv.png FIG. 2. EC radius rECðzÞ (assuming circular cross-sections) as a function of the curvilinear axis z. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-reflection-coefficient-of-the-ec-322tqj8t.png FIG. 11. (Color online) Reflection coefficient of the EC entrance (open and occluded) and the TM in (a) modulus and (b) phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-level-in-db-factor-20-qref-1-4-1-m3-s-1-1zncfm5a.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Level in dB (factor 20, qref ¼ 1 m3 s–1) of the volume velocity passing through the EC entrance (zero in the occluded case) and the TM computed using both FE and EA models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-oe-computed-at-100-hz-as-a-function-of-2kokbxp4.png FIG. 10. (Color online) OE computed at 100 Hz as a function of the curvilinear position lc of the volume velocity source (FE with the EC cavity only and EA models) and of the EC wall normal velocity centroid (coupled FE model using various loading and boundary conditions summarized in Appendix B). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-3d-fe-model-of-an-outer-ear-ref-30-b-zvzrtrnz.png FIG. 1. (Color online) (a) 3D FE model of an outer ear (Ref. 30), (b) sectional view in the horizontal plane [specified by a red line in (a)] superimposed on the corresponding cryosection image from the Visible Human Project VR , and (c) EC cavity alone. The coordinate system refers to superior (S), inferior (I), posterior (P), anterior (A), medial (M), and lateral (L). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-color-online-various-sets-of-mechanical-loading-and-12gcp1xj.png FIG. 12. (Color online) Various sets of mechanical loading and boundary conditions applied to the FE model. Free surface is indicating in gray, fixed surface in blue and excitation surface in red. The curvilinear position lc (from the TM) of the induced EC wall normal velocity centroid is also indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-level-in-db-factor-20-pref-1-4-2-10-5-pa-7ddiykty.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Level in dB (factor 20, pref ¼ 2 10 5 Pa) of TM acoustic pressure computed in open and occluded cases using both FE and EA models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-density-q-youngs-modulus-e-poissons-ratio-and-2e1mzthz.png TABLE II. Density q, Young’s modulus E, Poisson’s ratio and structural loss factor g of solid domains. https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-prediction-and-experimental-measurement-of-4sy04hfuus 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-modelling-data-for-the-two-rolie-poly-stretching-1rlkgr6l.png TABLE II Modelling data for the two Rolie-Poly stretching elements for the bidisperse model used in simulations of polymer P627-S at 180 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-starting-geometry-and-mesh-used-in-a-flowsolve-3vs59qi6.png FIG. 1 The starting geometry and mesh used in a flowSolve extrusion simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-simulated-extrudate-swell-profile-showing-the-181v6ydw.png FIG. 11 (a) Simulated extrudate swell profile showing the magnitude of the stress tensor at WR=0.23. (b) Simulated extrudate swell profile at WR=14. The predicted distance below the exit of the 5 mm long, 2 mm diameter die at which the steady state maximum occurs is shown in Fig. 12 as a function of WR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-simulated-distance-below-the-die-exit-at-which-bgue6hha.png FIG. 12 The simulated distance below the die exit at which the maximum extrudate dimeter for the three polymers occurs. If the extrudate is flat for a long period then the lowest distance is plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-wlf-shift-parameters-at-180-degc-for-the-uymkkqdx.png TABLE III WLF shift parameters at 180 °C for the polystyrenes used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-computed-b-values-in-flowsolve-for-three-different-2thh1oyj.png FIG. 7 Computed B values in flowSolve for three different molecular weight polystyrenes. a) Shows the data plotted as a function of equivalent Newtonian wall shear rate, b) shows the lack of superposition versus reptation Weissenberg number. and c) shows the superposition versus Rouse Weissenberg number. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-comparison-of-the-extrudate-swell-data-for-ps281-and-19ft9y5l.png FIG. 16 Comparison of the extrudate swell data for PS281 and PS400. (a) shows the data versus the MPR equivaent Newtonian wall shear rate. (b) shows the data scaled using the Rouse Weissenberg number of the two polymers. Only one theory prediction is shown on this graph for simplicity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-comparison-of-the-theory-of-tanner-in-equation-1-to-1d3s6x85.png FIG. 15 Comparison of the theory of Tanner in Equation (1) to the monodisperse predictions of flowSolve and experimental data for PS281. https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-model-for-slender-frp-confined-circular-rc-1gn4p0bzo7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparisons-with-cranstons-theoretical-model-3bi7s2l9.png Fig. 4 Comparisons with Cranston’s theoretical model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparisons-with-kim-and-yangs-tests-jmejyo2t.png Fig. 5 Comparisons with Kim and Yang’s tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cylinder-tests-in-fitzwilliam-and-bisby-and-ranger-1nurxq78.png Table 5 Cylinder tests in Fitzwilliam and Bisby and Ranger and Bisby https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-with-tao-et-al-s-cylinder-tests-2qstcg26.png Fig. 8 Comparison with Tao et al.’s cylinder tests https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-with-fitzwilliam-and-bisbys-tests-3l31xveu.png Fig. 7 Comparison with Fitzwilliam and Bisby’s tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-tao-et-al-s-tests-3qgz8bxd.png Table 6 Summary of Tao et al.’s tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-columns-in-fig-4-2ols3g36.png Table 1 Properties of columns in Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-kim-and-yangs-tests-1xr70nw5.png Table 2 Summary of Kim and Yang’s tests https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-prediction-of-spectral-and-optical-properties-of-3s00o3zikv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-line-shape-functions-ab800-dashed-line-and-ab850-solid-2w83744r.png FIG. 7. Line shape functions ĀB800 dashed line and ĀB850 solid line . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-side-view-of-an-octameric-lh2-complex-3mvojmk8.png FIG. 1. Color online a Side view of an octameric LH2 complex from Rs. molischianum embeded in a fully solvated POPC lipid bilayer. The transmembrane helices of the apoprotein subunits are shown as cylinders cartoon representation and are colored by residue type; dark light colors represent hydrophilic hydrophobic residues. For clarity only the BChl marcrocycles are shown and the front half of the lipids are not shown. The clearly visible B800 B850 ring is surrounded mostly by polar and charged nonpolar protein residues. b Tilted side view of the quantum system formed by the optically active B800 and B850 macrocycles that form rings oriented parallel to the surface of the membrane. Figures rendered with the program VMD Ref. 33 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-normalized-dos-n-for-a-b800-and-b-b850-bchls-in-lh2-of-1p35qk31.png FIG. 2. Normalized DOS, N , for a B800, and b B850 BChls in LH2 of Rs. Molischianum computed as binned histograms of the corresponding Qy excitation energy time series obtained from combined MD/QC simulations. Whether the charge fluctuations of the BChls’ environment are included solid lines or not dashed line makes an important difference in N only for B800. In b the DOS of the B850 excitons is shown as a thick solid line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-absorption-spectrum-idos-of-lh2-for-rs-molischianum-1j55sgye.png FIG. 4. Absorption spectrum IDOS of LH2 for Rs. molischianum calculated as a combined DOS of B800 BChls and B850 excitons weighted by the corresponding dipole strengths solid line . IDOS was blueshifted by 20 meV in order to overlay its B850 peak with the corresponding one in the experimental OD spectrum Ref. 26 dashed line . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-transition-dipole-moments-dj-corresponding-to-1sxves8p.png FIG. 3. Average transition dipole moments dJ corresponding to the J =1, . . . ,16 B850 excitonic states. Both dJ and the corresponding error bars are expressed relative to the mean dipole moment of individual B850s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-cd-spectrum-contributions-due-to-b800-dashed-line-12y316gc.png FIG. 10. a CD spectrum contributions due to B800 dashed line and B850 solid line BChls. b Comparison between the computed solid line and experimental CD spectra of the BChl aggregate in Rs. Molischianum LH2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-mean-rotational-strength-of-the-excitonically-coupled-12edcoyv.png FIG. 9. Mean rotational strength of the excitonically coupled B800 circles and B850 rectangles BChls as a function of the corresponding excitonic energies. The purpose of the thin lines are to guide the eyes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-normalized-autocorrelation-function-c-t-c-0-of-the-1gziwkz9.png FIG. 5. Normalized autocorrelation function C t /C 0 of the energy gap fluctuations E t =E t − E for individual B800 dashed line and B850 solid line BChls, calculated using Eq. 24 . The mean square energy gap fluctuations are CB800 0 =3.16 10−3 eV2 and CB850 0 =8.68 10−4 eV2. https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-prediction-of-the-onset-of-thermoacoustic-4ocwmxpgqf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-drawing-of-a-standing-wave-engine-a-and-of-a-closed-zc9qnl59.png FIG. 3. Drawing of a standing-wave engine (a) and of a closed-loop traveling-wave engine coupled (c) or not (b) with a secondary resonator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-onset-conditions-of-an-open-closed-standing-wave-35kf5fko.png FIG. 4. Onset conditions of an “open-closed” standing-wave engine as functions of the length xl: fonset (upper graph) and Qonset (lower graph). The predictions from the semi-analytical model are represented by filled symbols ( ) while experimental data are represented by open symbols ( ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-scale-drawing-of-the-experimental-apparatus-used-to-1ineaoca.png FIG. 1. (a) Scale drawing of the experimental apparatus used to measure the transfer matrix of the thermoacoustic core. (b) Drawing of the thermoacoustic core under study which is constituted of a cold exchanger (a), the stack (b), a hot exchanger (c) which supplies a heat power Q to the system, the thermal buffer tube (d) and a second cold exchanger (e). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-onset-conditions-of-traveling-wave-engines-as-7u15s9cw.png FIG. 5. Onset conditions of traveling-wave engines as functions of the length Lres: fonset (upper graph) and Qonset (lower graph). Open triangles represent the results for a loop engine coupled with an open-ending resonator, while open squares represent the results for a loop engine coupled with a closed-ending resonator. The predictions from the semi-analytical model are represented by filled symbols while experimental data are represented by open symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-amplitude-and-phase-of-the-coefficients-t-pp-a-t-pu-b-3vqbtric.png FIG. 2. Amplitude (—) and phase (…) of the coefficients T pp (a), T pu (b), T up (c) and T uu (d) as functions of the frequency f for several increments of heat power Q. Qmin ¼ 0 W ( ), Q ¼ 36 W (solid triangle) and Qmax ¼ 83 W (solid square). https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-stm-signatures-and-transport-properties-of-4t08z29702 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-stm-images-and-corresponding-atomic-positions-fo-c2-2szgkxij.png FIG. 7. STM images and corresponding atomic positions fo C2 dimer absorbed into different nanotubes:~a! and ~b! show a ~10,10! tube;~c! and~d! a ~17,0! tube. All images are under a 10% strain and are taken with a tip bias of10.5 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-conductivity-units-of-2e2-h-and-dos-arbitrary-units-bg52d1k2.png FIG. 10. ~a! Conductivity ~units of 2e2/h) and DOS~arbitrary units! for defective~10,10! tubes with addimers: solid line, pristin tube; dotted line, one rotated hexagon; and long-dashed line, rotated hexagons. Both defects show enhancemeents of the below and above the Fermi level. The conductivity is diminished the Fermi level to 1.15(2e2/h) for the case of a single, rotate hexagon as described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-conductivity-of-1010-defective-nanotubes-in-unit-of-13fximkh.png FIG. 9. ~a! Conductivity of~10,10! defective nanotubes in unit of 2e2/h: solid line, pristine nanotube; dotted line,~5-7-7-5! defect; and long-dashed line,~7-5-5-7! defect.~b! The DOS for the case corresponding to~a!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mechanical-response-of-an-armchair-1010-nanotube-1nz3sl85.png FIG. 1. Mechanical response of an armchair~10,10! nanotube subject to tensile strain:~a! schematics of the formation of a~5-77-5! defect, with the rotating bond indicated;~b! typical ductile behavior observed when the~5-7! pairs separate; and~c! brittle behavior, where large cracks form that ultimately lead to the rup of the tube. Note that~b! and ~c! are the direct result of a typica molecular-dynamics simulation of a~10,10! tube under a strain o 10%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematics-of-defect-formation-in-the-presence-of-27qoc483.png FIG. 2. Schematics of defect formation in the presence of addimer:~a! ~7-5-5-7! defect;~b! C-C bond emanating from one o the pentagon rotates to form a hexagon separated from the re the tube by~5-7! pairs;~c! defect with two hexagons; and~ ! defect with three hexagons. The transformations are shown for a~10,10! tube. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-dos-arb-units-for-170-tubes-and-different-quantum-xrrz09l1.png FIG. 13. ~a! DOS ~arb. units! for ~17,0! tubes and different quantum dot structures. In all cases~a!–~c!, the solid line corresponds to the DOS of a pristine~17,0! tube. Dotted lines correspon to the following defects:~a! ~17,0!/~8,8!/~17,0! quantum dot structure shown in Fig. 11~b!; ~b! ~17,0!/~8,8!/~17,0! structure for an elongated quantum dot structure shown in Fig. 11~d!; and~c! ~8,8!/ ~17,0!/~8,8! MIM structure shown in Fig. 12~b!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-molecular-dynamics-simulations-of-the-defect-evoluti-16uw3oxm.png FIG. 3. Molecular-dynamics simulations of the defect evoluti in ~10,10! and~17,0! carbon nanotubes:~a! progressive breaking up of an initially formed extended defect on a~10,10! tube due to competing bond rotations;~b! formation of a segment of an~8,8! tube in a~17,0! tube, which thereby displays controlled ductile b havior. Both types of tubes are under a strain of 7.5%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-differential-stm-conductance-spectra-computed-alon-3s7fmmeo.png FIG. 5. Differential STM conductance spectra computed alon line parallel to the axis of a~10,10! tube with a~5-7-7-5! defect. Upper panel: geometry of the tube and position of the tip in simulated measurement~a!–~f!. Lower panel:dI/dV curves corresponding to the marked locations. https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-study-of-adsorption-and-dehydrogenation-of-c2h4-50kaqnzsz3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-relative-importance-of-each-elementary-step-in-the-1ovbs55o.png FIG. 6 (a) Relative importance of each elementary step in the kinetic network. (b) Energy profile for the dominant kinetic pathway of ethylene dehydrogenate on Cu(410). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-calculated-vibrational-modes-of-five-adsorption-3bo5689q.png TABLE III Calculated vibrational modes of five adsorption states of ethylene and dicarbon compared with HREELS and IRAS measurements: 145 K HREELS 1 L, 193 K HREELS 51 L, and 93 K IRAS 0.5 L. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-possible-elementary-reaction-steps-for-ethylene-tx6fwf5t.png FIG. 4 Possible elementary reaction steps for ethylene dehydrogenation on Cu(410) surface. White, grey, and orange spheres represent hydrogen, carbon, and copper, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-minimum-energy-paths-for-indirect-dehydrogenation-1zm8x98u.png FIG. 3 Minimum energy paths for indirect dehydrogenation processes via different metastable ethylene adsorption configurations. (b) Equilibrium product coverage for different indirect dehydrogenation pathways. https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-study-of-electronic-excitation-ion-pair-47us4a1elq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-incoming-thin-solid-lines-and-outgoing-2cmdqy11.png FIG. 8. (Color online) Incoming (thin solid lines) and outgoing (thick dashed lines) probability currents for the collision energy E = 0.36 eV and the total angular momentum quantum number J = 0 for the initial state Cs+ + H−. This energy corresponds to the same total energy as for the collision energy 3.5 eV with the Cs(6s) + H initial channel. The molecular-state labels are given in the legend. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-mutual-neutralization-cross-sections-as-a-9fy4w178.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Mutual neutralization cross sections as a function of collision energy. For all transitions shown, the initial state is the ionic one Cs+ + H− and the final-state labels are given in the legend. The neutral states Cs(6s,6p,5d,7s) + H are considered. Total cross section refers to the sum over all final states considered in this figure. The present results are compared with those of Olson et al. [21,24] and Janev and Radulović [26]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-incoming-thin-solid-lines-and-outgoing-3qye5sxh.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Incoming (thin solid lines) and outgoing (thick dashed lines) probability currents for the collision energy E = 3.5 eV and the total angular momentum quantum number J = 0 for the initial state Cs(6s) + H. The molecular-state labels are given in the legend. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-electronic-excitation-cross-sections-as-a-1coc5n9u.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Electronic-excitation cross sections as a function of collision energy. For all transitions shown, the initial state is Cs(5d) + H and the final-state labels are given in the legend. Both neutral Cs(6s,6p,7s) + H and ionic Cs+ + H− final states are considered. Total cross section refers to the sum over all final states considered in this figure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-electronic-excitation-cross-sections-as-a-xk36bgu5.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Electronic-excitation cross sections as a function of collision energy. For all transitions shown, the initial state is Cs(7s) + H and the final-state labels are given in the legend. Both neutral Cs(6s,6p,5d) + H and ionic Cs+ + H− final states are considered. Total cross section refers to the sum over all final states considered in this figure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-electronic-excitation-cross-sections-as-a-10w7d1w5.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Electronic-excitation cross sections as a function of collision energy. For all transitions shown, the initial state is Cs(6p) + H and the final-state labels are given in the legend. Both neutral Cs(6s,5d,7s) +H and ionic Cs+ + H− final states are considered. Total cross section refers to the sum over all final states considered in this figure. For the final ionic state, the present result is compared with those of Olson et al. [24]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-adiabatic-potential-curves-thin-solid-gkslm6x5.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Adiabatic potential curves (thin solid lines) for the low-lying CsH(1 +) states up to and including the ionic one. The thick dashed lines indicate the potentials that are used in the present nonadiabatic nuclear dynamical calculations: The four lowest potentials coincide with the corresponding adiabatic potentials; the fifth potential coincides with the fifth lowest adiabatic potential at the internuclear distance R < 61 a.u. and at R > 61 a.u. it is diabatically extended to the Coulomb potential of the ionic Cs+ + H− state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-electronic-excitation-and-ion-pair-1mmylknr.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Electronic-excitation and ion-pair formation cross sections as a function of collision energy. For all transitions shown, the initial state is the ground one Cs(6s) + H and the final-state labels are given in the legend. The neutral Cs(6p,5d,7s) + H and the ionic Cs+ + H− final states are considered. Total cross section refers to the sum over all final states considered in the figure. For the final ionic state (ion-pair formation), the present result is compared with those of Meyer [19], Miethe et al. [20], Olson et al. [21,23,24], and Janev and Radulović [26]. The data of [21] are reduced by a statistical weight factor of 1/4 for the initial channel; the factor was not included in that paper. https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-study-of-optimal-positioning-of-segregating-2t887fazy5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-presentation-of-continuous-mixing-process-a-64jbb1w5.png Fig. 1. Schematic presentation of continuous mixing process: (a) Two-dimensional cell model of the process, (b) scheme of transitions from a cell, and (c) dependence of mixing quality on the position of the input of the segregating component at various segregation rates. https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-study-of-photoelectron-angular-distributions-in-tzcm7h86gw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-calculated-degree-of-alignment-cos2-th-321wsp25.png FIG. 2. (Color online) (a) Calculated degree of alignment 〈cos2 θ〉 for N2 vs time delay near first half-revival. (b) Single-photon ionization yield from transiently aligned N2 by 43-eV photons vs time delay: theory (solid line) and experiment (solid squares) [9]. (c) Angular dependence of the ionization rate in single-photon (43-eV) ionization (solid line), and by multiphoton ionization by an IR laser with intensity of 2 × 1014 W/cm2 (dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-pads-in-the-laboratory-frame-for-single-2v200muc.png FIG. 9. (Color online) PADs in the laboratory frame for single-photon (43-eV) ionization of CO2 as a function of emission angle θk′ and pump-probe time delay. (a)–(c): Molecules are maximally aligned (τ = 20.82 ps), antialigned (τ = 22.14 ps), and isotropically distributed, for ionization leading to CO +2 ions in the X, A, and B states, respectively. (d) and (e): The same distributions are compared for maximally aligned and antialigned molecules. (f)–(h): PADs vs time delay for the X, A, and B channels, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-photoionization-cross-sections-in-the-3v6dnq9h.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Photoionization cross sections in the laboratory frame for single-photon (43-eV) ionization of fixed-in-space N2 vs emission angle θk′ at alignment angles indicated and for ionization leading to N + 2 in the X, A, and B states, shown in panels (a)–(c), respectively. In panels (d)–(g) the same distributions are shown for the X, A, and B channels at each fixed-in-space molecular alignment angle. See text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-calculated-degree-of-alignment-cos2-th-2ndmdf3z.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) Calculated degree of alignment 〈cos2 θ〉 for CO2 vs time delay near first half-revival. (b) Single-photon ionization yield from transiently aligned CO2 by 43-eV photons vs time delay: theory (solid line) and experiment (solid squares) [9]. (c) Integrated photoionization cross section for ionization leading to the X (solid line), A (dotted line), and B (dot-dashed line) ionic states of CO+2 , with alignment angle θ , by single-photon (43-eV) ionization of CO2. (d) Angular dependence of the ionization rate for single-photon (43-eV) ionization (solid line), and for multiphoton ionization by an IR laser with intensity of 1.1 × 1014 W/cm2 (dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-photoionization-cross-sections-in-the-10i173gp.png FIG. 8. (Color online) Photoionization cross sections in the laboratory frame for single-photon (43-eV) ionization of fixed-in-space CO2 vs emission angle θk′ at alignment angles indicated and for ionization leading to CO + 2 , in panels (a)–(c), in the X, A, and B states, respectively. In panels (d)–(g) the same distributions are shown for the X, A, and B channels at each fixed-in-space molecular alignment angle. See text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-molecular-properties-for-n2-and-co2-b-is-the-3a9f5gl2.png TABLE I. Molecular properties for N2 and CO2.B is the rotational constant, α‖ and α⊥ are parallel and perpendicular polarizability, respectively. The data are from [26,27]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-pads-in-the-laboratory-frame-for-single-2etcrhha.png FIG. 5. (Color online) PADs in the laboratory frame for single-photon (43-eV) ionization of N2 as a function of emission angle θk′ and pump-probe time delay. (a)–(c): Molecules are maximally aligned (τ = 4.00 ps), antialigned (τ = 4.55 ps), and isotropically distributed, for ionization leading to N +2 ions in X, A, and B states, respectively. (d) and (e): The same distributions are compared for maximally aligned and antialigned molecules. (f)–(h): PADs vs time delay for the X, A, and B channels, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-same-as-fig-5-except-that-a-strong-1qfimsit.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Same as Fig. 5 except that a strong aligning pump laser is assumed. See text. https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-study-of-thermogalvanic-cells-in-steady-state-94dh7hrw5b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-typical-dependences-of-the-current-i-the-effective-16366rml.png Fig. 2. The typical dependences of the current I, the effective voltage U, the internal resistance r and the https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-study-on-travelling-web-dynamics-and-instability-3z4f0p5eq8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-out-of-plane-displacement-of-an-axially-travelling-3ddodopk.png Figure 7: Out-of-plane displacement of an axially travelling pinned-free plate at x = `/2 for different values of midpoint (average) tension. The plate dimensions are ` = 0.1 m (length), 2b = 1 m (width), h = 10−4 m (thickness). Poisson ratio is ν = 0.3, tension profile skew parameter ratio is α/αmax = 10−6. Midpoint tension T0 is given the values 5, 50, 500 and 5000 N/m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-definition-of-the-maximal-value-amax-of-the-tension-220dkcvz.png Figure 2: Definition of the maximal value αmax of the tension profile skew parameter. Four different tension profiles are shown. Tension T is plotted with respect to the y coordinate at a supported side of the plate (x = `). In the Figure, the tension profile skew parameter α obtains the values 0, 1/4 αmax, 1/2 αmax and αmax. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-band-travelling-at-a-constant-velocity-v0-between-333awdgy.png Figure 1: Band travelling at a constant velocity V0 between two rollers placed at x = 0 and x = `. At the edges x = 0 and x = `, tension is applied with a non-homogeneous profile (T0 + αy) depending on the y coordinate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-out-of-plane-displacement-of-an-axially-travelling-2i2ahdc7.png Figure 4: Out-of-plane displacement of an axially travelling pinned-free plate for different values of the tension profile skew parameter ratio. The plate dimensions are ` = 0.1 m (length), 2b = 1 m (width), h = 10−4 m (thickness). Poisson ratio is ν = 0.3. Tension profile skew parameter ratio α/αmax is given the values 0, 10−6, 10−4 and 10−2. In the upper four sub-figures, the displacement at x = `/2 is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-critical-divergence-velocities-v-div0-for-some-cases-17psdkkg.png Table 1: Critical divergence velocities V div0 for some cases studied. Note that α̃max is different for each value of ν. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-out-of-plane-displacement-of-an-axially-travelling-ulx8uc2d.png Figure 5: Out-of-plane displacement of an axially travelling pinned-free plate at x = `/2 for different values of the tension profile skew parameter ratio. The plate dimensions are ` = 0.1 m (length), 2b = 1 m (width), h = 10−4 m (thickness). Poisson ratio is ν = 0. Tension profile skew parameter ratio α/αmax is given the values 0, 10−6, 10−4 and 10−2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-convergence-of-the-results-for-the-critical-velocity-d2b543ui.png Table 2: Convergence of the results for the critical velocity. The dimensionless tension profile skew parameter α̃ is given different values. Poisson ratio is kept constant (ν = 0.3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-out-of-plane-displacement-of-an-axially-travelling-258pt7v9.png Figure 6: Out-of-plane displacement of an axially travelling pinned-free plate at x = `/2 for different values of the tension profile skew parameter ratio. The plate dimensions are ` = 0.1 m (length), 2b = 1 m (width), h = 10−4 m (thickness). Poisson ratio is ν = 0.5. Tension profile skew parameter ratio α/αmax is given the values 0, 10−6, 10−4 and 10−2. https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-study-on-the-ring-opening-reactions-of-18ll22o19j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spatial-plot-of-the-lowest-unoccupied-molecular-12vs26gj.png Figure 5. Spatial plot of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) along with its energy for (a) 3H-OH and (b) 4H-OH. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-calculated-reaction-energies-kcal-mol-for-the-1ro2tdif.png Table 2. The calculated reaction energies (kcal/mol) for the ring opening of all the cyclopropenes studied and the LUMO energies (eV) for intermediates 3X-Y (ELUMO1) and 4X-Y (ELUMO2) (see Scheme 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plot-of-the-values-of-e-against-n-see-table-1-for-1g7noutt.png Figure 2. Plot of the values of ∆E‡ against ∆n (see Table 1) for all the cases studied. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-plot-of-the-values-of-e-against-elumo-see-table-2-35czs7eb.png Figure 6. Plot of the values of ∆E against ∆ELUMO (see Table 2) for a number of the studied cyclopropenes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-calculated-activation-energies-kcal-mol-for-the-8k7pyk6b.png Table 1. The calculated activation energies (kcal/mol) for the ring opening of all the cyclopropenes studied and the pπ orbital populations at C1 and C2 of 1x-y (see Scheme 2). https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-unification-in-justice-and-beyond-fpbucc6qoh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-partial-list-of-terms-used-in-three-sociobehavioral-2rupissg.png Table I. Partial List of Terms Used in Three Sociobehavioral Theories for Elements in the Common Core https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-new-world-of-justice-and-beyond-1ggtbl3h.png Figure 4. The New World of Justice and Beyond https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-world-of-distributive-justice-1jywbgrn.png Fig 2. The World of Distributive Justice https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-unification-links-between-theories-2dex58dr.png Figure 1. Unification Links Between Theories https://scispace.com/papers/theoria-systematis-plantarum-accedit-familiarum-a19mxpeelq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-41-42-hypoxis-sp-fig-41-sectio-transversalis-ovarii-3vmb285i.png Fig. 41-42. Hypoxis sp. Fig. 41. sectio transversalis ovarii. QuaeinHemerocalli, eadem est placentarum et gemmularum positio. Fig. 12. Gemmulae, forma aliquantulum diversae, sunt ex anatropo-amphitropae. "Umbilicus rostelliformis” (”a beaked strophiola”), de quo loquuntur, non est nisi pars libera funiculi. Ob eundem funiculum liberum radicula a hilo remota dicitur. Micropyle autem constanter ortum funiculi spectat. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-16-arctostapliylos-uva-ursi-fig-15-sectio-1km8r89j.png Fig. 15-16. Arctostapliylos uva ursi. Fig. 15. Sectio longitudinalis fructus sub-maturi. Gemmula in loculo solitaria pendula, raphe, ut https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-17-impatiens-tricornis-fig-16-sectio-longitudinalis-3moa98t9.png Fig. 10-17. Impatiens tricornis. Fig. 16. Sectio longitudinalis germinis, ex alabastro juvenili desumti. Gemmulae omnes apotropice evolutae. Fig. 17. Pars placentae cum gemmulis ex flore aperto. Funiculus primum adscendens, dein deflectitur, exteriore latere gemmulae raphen constituens, ad chalazam inferam descendens, micropyle supera versus curvaturam funiculi adscendente. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-14-jlelia-azedarach-fig-13-sectio-transversalis-per-1f4equjk.png Fig. 13-14. Jlelia azedarach. Fig. 13. Sectio transversalis per superiorem partem germinis ducta. Fig. 14. Sectio longitudinalis germinis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-coriaria-sp-carpellum-longitudinaliter-sectum-gemmula-6zff3bnf.png Fig. 16. Coriaria sp. Carpellum longitudinaliter sectum. Gemmula pendula, raphe exteriore latere descendente, micropyle sinum funiculi spectante. Carpella (circa axem) sunt sepalis anteposita. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-16-tecoma-ca-pensis-fig-14-sectio-transversalis-1mj2zld2.png Fig. 14-16. Tecoma ca pensis. Fig. 14. Sectio transversalis germinis. Placentae parietales, cellulosa intermedia junctae, gemmulas hetero- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-ii-sistit-gemmulam-diligentius-expressam-integumentum-wl4i2tih.png Fig. II* sistit gemmulam diligentius expressam: integumentum externum est eximie membranaceum, cellulosum, apice fere bilabiatum, labiis, demum funiculum amplectentibus. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-44-ilibes-stamiapiiai-sectio-transversalis-germinis-14l97git.png Fig. 44. Ilibes stamiapiiai. Sectio transversalis germinis. Gemmulae in placentis parietalibus pluriseriatae, heterotropae. https://scispace.com/papers/theorizing-the-nexus-of-steam-practice-2pg25ojhyo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scratch-nexus-consisting-of-intersecting-arts-media-2meeaciu.png Figure 1. Scratch nexus, consisting of intersecting Arts, Media, and Coding. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-arduino-robotics-nexus-consisting-of-intersecting-3lg819ng.png Figure 3. Arduino robotics nexus, consisting of intersecting Crafting, Circuitry, and Coding. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-e-textiles-lilypad-arduino-nexus-consisting-of-1r89pna6.png Figure 2. E-textiles (LilyPad Arduino) nexus, consisting of intersecting Crafting, Circuitry, and Coding. https://scispace.com/papers/theory-and-observation-of-electromagnetic-ion-cyclotron-3ov1g5pkzn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trajectories-of-resonant-protons-in-the-z-phase-2i90ztpp.png Figure 2. Trajectories of resonant protons in the ( − z) phase space for the inhomogeneity ratio S = 0.4. The phase angle z0 is the center of trappingmotion, while z1 is the saddle point and z2 is the boundary of the trapping region at = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-the-resonance-velocity-vr-and-b-the-group-34ilxz14.png Figure 4. (a) The resonance velocity VR and (b) the group velocity Vg of L‐mode EMIC waves as functions of a frequency f. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-solutions-of-the-emic-chorus-equations-with-the-2zchsgxf.png Figure 8. Solutions of the EMIC chorus equations with the wave amplitude saturation at 2.5 nT for different initial wave amplitudes indicated by different colors: 0.3 (black), 0.4 (magenta), 0.5 (red), 0.6 (green), and 0.7 (blue) nT. (a) Wave amplitudes and (b) frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dynamic-power-spectra-of-a-magnetic-b-electric-12u2vlwc.png Figure 1. Dynamic power spectra of (a) magnetic, (b) electric field in a frequency range of 0.5–4.0 Hz, observed by Cluster 4 during the time 07:56:44.795–07:57:56.475 on 30 March 2002. (c) Polarization and (d) coherency analyses. The spectra are from the STAFF‐SC and EFW instruments and the magnetic field measurements from the FGM instrument. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-solutions-of-the-emic-chorus-equations-for-kmhl4nzd.png Figure 6. Solutions of the EMIC chorus equations for different initial wave amplitudes indicated by different colors: 0.3 (black), 0.4 (magenta), 0.5 (red), 0.6 (green), and 0.7 (blue) nT. (a) Wave amplitudes and (b) frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-amplitude-and-frequency-analyses-of-the-by-spin-186t5lxu.png Figure 7. Amplitude and frequency analyses of the By (spin plane) magnetic field waveform measured by Cluster 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dispersion-relation-for-l-mode-emic-waves-with-y5me8awz.png Figure 3. Dispersion relation for L‐mode EMIC waves with frequency w/(2p) = f and wave number k/(2p) = 1/l. https://scispace.com/papers/theory-blending-extended-algorithmic-aspects-and-examples-2i8mfzvgzk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-two-axiomatizations-l-and-r-and-the-first-zcf52sad.png Table 1 The two axiomatizations, L and R, and the first generalization G used in Example 1. G comes together with a left substitution λG = {a 7→ 1,≤ 7→ ≤L,+ 7→ +L} and a right substitution ρG = {a 7→ 0,≤ 7→ ≤R,+ 7→+R} from which L and R can be recovered. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-goguens-version-of-concept-blending-cf-14-189mjqrh.png Fig. 1 Goguen’s version of concept blending (cf. [14]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-an-element-of-our-search-space-33icmrzf.png Fig. 4 An element of our search space. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-axiomatizations-for-the-concepts-of-quasi-natural-2hg56em7.png Table 5 Axiomatizations for the concepts of quasi-natural numbers as a commutative monoid with successor function (L) and Abelian group with inverse function (R). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-lattice-lbg-of-the-blends-that-appear-in-the-given-fjikig2p.png Fig. 6 The lattice LBG of the ‘blends’ that appear in the given example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-two-extreme-cases-of-input-spaces-along-with-their-ron9tbrk.png Fig. 3 The two extreme cases of input spaces, along with their generalizations and blends. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-depiction-of-the-algorithms-overall-logical-flow-3i8aevxp.png Fig. 5 A depiction of the algorithm’s overall logical flow. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-formulae-lxxx-result-from-transferring-the-uncovered-2kj9523i.png Table 3 Formulae Lxxx result from transferring the uncovered formulae of L according to the weakened generalization that does not identify 0 and 1. Maximal consistent theories are starred. https://scispace.com/papers/theory-for-the-dielectric-function-of-granular-composite-2blwwigp4h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-optical-transmission-as-a-function-of-light-wavelength-3sp1wzju.png FIG. 2. Optical transmission as a function of light wavelength for a series of Au-SiO& composites. Data are from Ref. 3. For clarity, the curves are displaced with respect to one another. The theoretical curves are normalized to the experimental values at 0.3 pm. The theoretical values of p are labeled to the right of pairs of curves, whereas the experimental values of p and the film thickness are given above each pair of curves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-normalized-conductivity-c-plotted-as-a-function-of-2i0x4pzy.png FIG. 1. Normalized conductivity c' plotted as a function of metal volume fraction p for samples of W-A1203 cermets. The data are from Ref. 7. Solid lines are calculated from the theory. Dashed line denotes EMT result. 6 0 50% https://scispace.com/papers/theory-for-spin-lattice-relaxation-of-spin-probes-on-weakly-tqal7xhh6o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stretched-exponential-spectral-density-times-the-2o8keoid.png Figure 4. Stretched exponential spectral density times the spectrometer frequency, f̃KWW( ) ) τf̃KWW(ω) (solid lines) as given by eq 3.24, is plotted versus ) ωτpI for different values of . Overlaid (dash-dot lines) is the approximation given in eq 3.27, f̂( ), which does very well in the limiting values away from the maximum. ) 0.25 is in black, ) 0.75 is in the lightest grey, and ) 0.5 is in between. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lipari-szabo-spectral-density-for-simple-isotropic-fqgt2w6k.png Figure 3. Lipari-Szabo spectral density for simple isotropic motion, Jp ) 0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-r1e-data-for-11-to-47-mer-duplex-dnas-4a84gfqq.png Figure 2. Experimental R1e data for 11- to 47-mer duplex DNAs in varying viscosity solutions are shown. Symbols indicate data for DNA of specific length: 9 ) 11-mer, 0 ) 23-mer, ) ) 35-mer, O ) 47- mer. The spin-labeled DNAs are prepared as explained in the methods section and are measured at 9.2 GHz on a home-built time domain EPR spectrometer.10,36 Sequences are shown in Table 1. The simulated values (solid line) are based on the calculated R1e rates for a rigid rod with overall rotational correlation times that span the range of experimental values.37 The measured rates are plotted as functions of the geometrically averaged rotational correlation time, τj ) 〈τ|τ⊥2 〉1/3 for a rigid rod of the same dimensions as the DNA. Standard hydrodynamic theory is used to calculate the anisotropic rigid rod rotational correlation times as a function of length and viscosity.72,73 In the bottom half of the figure, R1e values for the four sequences, all in 0 w/v % sucrose, are shown. Error bars are shown with the data and are comparable in size to the markers. The markers are consistent for the different lengths, in both the top and the bottom sections of the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fit-of-exponential-functions-to-wbr-modela-3ltuwhsm.png TABLE 2: Fit of Exponential Functions to WBR Modela https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rigid-spin-label-c-is-shown-base-paired-to-a-srzyszhw.png Figure 1. Rigid spin label Ç is shown base-paired to a natural guanine.29 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-order-parameter-sp2-and-the-parameters-of-the-34h1zybf.png Figure 5. Order parameter, Sp2, and the parameters of the stretched exponential, τpI , and pI as a function of κ/kT and p, for a middle-labeled 23-mer DNA, using eq 3.14. The symbol 0 represents p ) (2; O represents p ) (1, and ) represents p ) 0. The stretched exponential is calculated from a least-squares fit to the site-specific WBR theory, using diffusion tensors for cylindrical molecules obtained from hydrodynamic theory, based on the dimensions of a 23-mer duplex DNA at 21 °C and 1 cP.72,73 The Sp2 are calculated from the site-specific WBR model (3.18), as described within this work. The dotted lines are added only as an aid to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-stretched-exponential-based-spectral-density-uyzu0se3.png Figure 8. Stretched exponential-based spectral density function Jp(ω) (3.30) is plotted versus the position of the spin label and as a function of p, for a 23-mer DNA at 21 °C and 1 cP. The symbol 0 represents p ) (2; O represents p ) (1, and ) represents p ) 0. The parameters of a stretched exponential, Sp 2, τpI , and pI , for κ/kT ) 350, are shown in Figure 7 and used in calculating Jp(ω). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-order-sp2-and-stretched-exponential-parameters-tpi-1czwate2.png Figure 6. Order, Sp2, and stretched exponential parameters, τpI , and pI at κ/kT ) 150 (white with black edges) and κ/kT ) 350 (grey), for p ) 0 (triangle, 2) and p ) 2 (squares, 9), for middle-labeled DNAs as a function of the length of the DNA, all at 21 °C and 1 cP. The lengthdependent diffusion coefficients were calculated from the hydrodynamic theory for cylindrical molecules, based on the dimensions of duplex DNA.72,73 The Sp2 are calculated from the site-specific WBR model (3.18). The dotted lines are added only as an aid to the eye. https://scispace.com/papers/theory-of-attosecond-absorption-spectroscopy-in-krypton-12j6y7yjnh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-auger-transition-rates-in-krypton-obtained-by-the-1cf9usrv.png TABLE II. Auger transition rates in krypton obtained by the method described in Sec. IV B. Results are given in fs−1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-spontaneous-radiative-decay-rates-for-core-holes-13sl4p7q.png TABLE IV. Spontaneous radiative decay rates for core holes. Results are given in ps−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-radial-dipole-matrix-element-eq-30-2tjoddox.png FIG. 2. (Color online) The radial dipole matrix element, Eq. (30), between the 4p states in krypton and the s-wave continuum (full, blue) or the d-wave continuum (dotted, red). The overlaps are calculated for the 4pj=1/2 and 4pj=3/2 states. The radial difference in these latter states is very small and the difference in the radial overlaps cannot be seen on the scale of the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-spectral-profiles-of-the-two-pulses-in-5418vceb.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Spectral profiles of the two pulses (in arbitrary units). The photon energy of the pump pulse, centered at 50 eV, is insufficient to drive the transitions from the 3d core levels to the 4p valence holes, which are just above 80 eV. The intensity of the probe pulse, centered at 81 eV, is insufficient to cause ionization of the system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-normalized-absorption-spectrum-for-holes-oyii8f36.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Normalized absorption spectrum for holes in the 4p valence shell. The spectrum shows three lines at 81.3, 81.9, and 82.6 eV corresponding to the 3d5/2 → 4p3/2, 3d3/2 → 4p1/2, and 3d3/2 → 4p3/2 transitions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-radial-dipole-matrix-element-eq-30-1k92mqe6.png FIG. 3. (Color online) The radial dipole matrix element, Eq. (30), between the 4s state in krypton and the p-wave continuum (full, blue) and the overlap between the 3d states and the p-wave continuum (dotted, red) or the f -wave continuum (dashed, black). As in Fig. 2, the difference in the radial overlaps for the different j states cannot be see in the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-binding-energies-for-the-relevant-states-in-the-148gbkjd.png FIG. 1. Binding energies for the relevant states in the krypton atom. The energies are obtained from our calculations as discussed in Sec. IV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-the-absorption-signal-versus-the-delay-39nnihg6.png FIG. 6. (Color online) The absorption signal versus the delay between the pulses. The curves are (from strongest signal to weakest) 3d5/2 → 4p3/2(lowest curve, red), 3d3/2 → 4p1/2(middle curve, blue), and 3d3/2 → 4p3/2(highest curve, green). https://scispace.com/papers/theory-of-electron-nematic-order-in-lafeaso-nf6vdmxwft 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematic-graph-for-the-proposed-model-15fc6eob.png FIG. 1. Color online Schematic graph for the proposed model with nearest-neighbor coupling J1, next-nearest-neighbor coupling J2 and interlayer coupling Jz. The orientation of the spins in the low-temperature phase are drawn according to Ref. 11. Note that we use coordinate system with axis x, y, and z in the current study, which is 45° rotated along the c=z direction from the realistic crystal axis a, b, and c. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tn-tsdw-tsdw-as-the-function-of-jz-for-j2-2j1-n-3-and-6b8xmyof.png FIG. 3. TN−TSDW TSDW as the function of J̃z for J̃2=2J̃1, N=3, and S =1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-tn-and-tsdw-as-the-function-of-jz-for-j2-3ugx1pwn.png FIG. 2. Color online TN and TSDW as the function of J̃z for J̃2=2J̃1, N=3, and S=1. https://scispace.com/papers/theory-of-elementary-excitations-in-intermediate-valence-1ucwdjye2h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effective-densities-of-f-like-and-conduction-like-32gufvbj.png Fig. 4. Effective densities of "f-like" and conduction-like states for an Anderson lattice with e* ven below the Fermi-level https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-s-q-w-for-q-at-the-point-2ir-a-i-00-for-the-model-fee-2dp1ma1v.png Fig. 3- S(Q,w) for Q at the point 2ir/a(i ,0,0) for the model fee Anderson lattice discussed in the text. The full curve denotes the calculation with the enhancement factor and the dashed curve the unenhanced S(Q,w) for kT/A = 0.18. The https://scispace.com/papers/theory-of-electron-phonon-interaction-in-a-nonequilibrium-djfeyr3as7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-one-phonon-self-energy-of-the-electron-34f8no98.png FIG. 4: One-phonon self energy of the electron. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-nonequilibrium-steady-state-electron-distribution-1banorh8.png FIG. 3: Nonequilibrium steady-state electron distribution function for our system with µL −µR = V > 0 and x = ΓL/Γ is shown above in bold (in the absence of electron-phonon interaction effects). The Dirac-Fermi distribution function is represented with a thin line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-diagrammatic-representation-of-the-propagator-dph-3ln6f7eo.png FIG. 2: A diagrammatic representation of the propagator DΦ. The propagator, which corresponds to the curly line in the figure, describes the effective interaction between two electrons. https://scispace.com/papers/theory-of-mechano-chemical-patterning-and-optimal-migration-3rmn8ohm3k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-model-predicts-the-spatio-temporal-dynamics-of-34qj29vr.png Figure 4: The model predicts the spatio-temporal dynamics of expanding monolayers in a variety of experimental settings a) Using the parameters fitted above, together with a boundary condition of leader cells (SI Text Section II), the model (right) reproduces the transition from initially random to unidirectional ERK wave propagation seen in data for expanding monolayers (left). b) The model also reproduces the effect of increasing cell density, with initially low ERK activity everywhere in the monolayer, followed by a tidal wave [10] of ERK activity (which remains high in the front as waves start appearing in the back). c) Merlin knockouts (left) designed to inhibit polarization and active migration. ERK waves are still present but become randomly orientated, matching the model predicted for weaker stress-polarity coupling ( ⇡ 0, right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-observation-and-theory-of-spatio-temporal-patterns-zx9pgpom.png Figure 1: Observation and theory of spatio-temporal patterns in confluent cell monolayers a-c) Confluent MDCK monolayers display ERK activity (a) and density waves (b, color-code indicates cell area), although in contrast to migrating monolayers these waves are un-directed (kymograph in panel c, see also Supplementary Movie 1). d) Cross-correlation function of cell area and ERK activity indicates a robust positive correlation between the two [10], with ERK trailing slightly area by around 3 5 min [11] (average of N=3 experiments - shaded areas indicate standard deviation) e) Schematic of our mechano-chemical model. ERK activation (yellow) causes actomyosin (red) remodelling, differentially affecting apical-basal and lateral tensions a,b,l. The dependence of ERK activation on cell length l completes a mechano-chemical feedback loop between ERK activation, cortical tensions and cell aspect ratio. f) Linear stability of this model (Eq. 4) reveals a finite wavelength oscillation (Re[!] > 0 - dashed line) when the strength of the mechano-chemical feedback loop ↵ exceeds a certain threshold. g) This instability is confirmed in numerical simulations of the model (kymograph). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-parameter-fitting-using-mechanical-and-optogenetic-ms9sqpn2.png Figure 2: Parameter-fitting using mechanical and optogenetic perturbation experiments a) Response of ERK activity to a 50% uni-axial stretch (N=3, from Ref. [11]). b) Eq. 3 provides an excellent fit for the data (dots, each color shows an independent experiment), from which we extract ⌧E = 4 8min (and = 0.5 0.6). Solid lines indicate the model fits. c) Optogenetic ERK activation in patch of cells cause cellular contraction from the boundary (N=3, from Ref. [11]). d-f) Our model provides a good fit for the displacement of the boundary during contraction (panels d,e: each color shows an independent experiment) as well as the full spatio-temporal evolution of the cell displacement field r(x, t) (panel f) upon ERK activation at t = 0 (see SI Text Section IV B), allowing us to extract ⌧l = 100 140min and ⌧r = 4 11min. Error bars show average and standard error from the three repeats. https://scispace.com/papers/theory-of-mind-in-recognizing-and-recovering-communicative-3dhboigw06 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2bhe4f2v.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-3r8kmoqv.png Table 7). https://scispace.com/papers/theory-of-nonlinear-transport-for-ensembles-of-quantum-dots-1yfhzmx78w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-fano-factor-a-o-0-in-dependence-on-the-collector-25wlwj1o.png Fig. 4. a) Fano factor α(ω → 0) in dependence on the collector couplings γ1, γ2 (in units of emitter coupling) for two neighboring QDs. b) Mechanism for superPoissonian noise, i.e. α > 1, for γ1 ≪ γ2 = 1. If QD 1 is occupied, tunneling through QD 2 is forbidden due to Coulomb charging. Thus, one observes bunching of electrons in the current through QD 2 (from [41]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-current-and-fano-factor-a-0-for-a-stack-of-two-spin-2bn12dn1.png Fig. 5. Current and Fano factor α(0) for a stack of two spin-degenerate QDs. Parameters according to Ref. [42]. For details, see [43] or section 4.2.2.2 of [29]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-capacitance-as-a-function-of-bias-for-a-pn-diode-with-3ubga68e.png Fig. 1. Capacitance as a function of bias for a pn-diode with an embedded layer of quantum dots. Our model can be used to fit the energy levels. The inset demonstrates the sensitivity to varying the energy of the first excited electron state in the quantum dots (from [11]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-current-statistics-for-g-0-5-and-for-various-dephasing-20s9jtuo.png Fig. 6. Current statistics for Ω/Γ = 0.5 and for various dephasing rates Γϕ/Γ =0, 5, 20; dashed lines: master equation (ME) approach, solid lines: density matrix (DM) formalism; on-resonance E1 = E2, symmetric contact coupling: Γ ≡ Γe = Γc. Γ0 ≡ (2ΓΩ 2)/[4Ω2 + Γ (Γ + Γϕ)]. Inset: Setup of the coupled QD system with (e)mitter and (c)ollector contact and mutual coupling Ω. From [44] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-calculated-bistability-for-the-diode-structure-of-ref-okyx8e84.png Fig. 2. Calculated bistability for the diode structure of Ref. [19]. While the stationary density Ns of the 2D electron gas has a unique solution, the slow kinetics of Auger capture and emission provides effective bistability on the time scale of an hour. (from [20]) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-left-coupled-qd-system-with-capacitively-attached-3prrdrrf.png Fig. 7. left: Coupled QD system with capacitively attached quantum point contact (QPC) for charge detection in QD2. right: scheme of incoherent limit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-current-voltage-characteristic-for-a-quantum-dot-stack-3nbie3zq.png Fig. 3. Current-voltage characteristic for a quantum dot stack (see left) for different interdot tunnel coupling matrix elements Ω. The interdot Coulomb interaction (U = 8 meV) provides a double peak structure as frequently observed in experiments. Other parameters Γe = 17µeV, Γc = 400µeV, T = 4.2K, µe = 90meV, µc = µe−eV , QD levels E1 = 79.5 meV− 0.26eV , E2 = 118.7meV − 0.68eV ; from [32]. https://scispace.com/papers/theory-of-phase-sensitive-measurement-of-photon-assisted-ksmgdiw6xj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-phase-shiftp2df-top-panel-and-the-square-of-the-3er73zad.png FIG. 3. The phase shiftp2Df ~top panel! and the square of the amplitude~bottom! for v51.0, G/250.1, andT50. The energy axis corresponds toe0(Vs) with m50. https://scispace.com/papers/theory-of-photovoltaic-characteristics-of-semiconductor-7hxzxyg7fm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tunneling-shown-by-arrows-between-neighboring-qd-3j0o8cyd.png FIG. 5. Tunneling (shown by arrows) between neighboring QD layers in a QDSC. Out- and in-tunneling of carriers occur between a QD layer and its neighboring layers on the left- and/or right-hand sides. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simplified-structure-and-schematic-energy-band-diagram-2fw4iaf3.png FIG. 1. Simplified structure and schematic energy band diagram (the inset) of a typical QDSC (not drawn to scale). The layer with QDs is located at the position x0 in the i-region. The thickness of the n-, i-, and p-region is wn, b, and wp, respectively. The front and back contacts are shown in black. The main processes (shown by arrows) associated with QDs are as follows:‹ photocarrier generation by absorption of photons, › radiative recombination of carriers, fi thermal escape of carriers from QDs to the bulk, fl carrier capture from the bulk into QDs, and photoexcitation or tunneling of carriers confined in QDs. For our calculations, a typical InAs/GaAs QDSC is used; wn¼ 300 nm, b¼ 1000 nm, wp¼ 200 nm, x0¼ b/2, and the surface recombination velocities for the front and back contacts Sp¼ Sn¼ 104 cm/s. The doping levels in the n- and p-region are 2 1016 and 4 1017 cm 3, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-current-density-j-and-output-electrical-power-density-2e7wrfop.png FIG. 3. Current density j and output electrical power density as a function of the output voltage for the conventional SC (solid curves) and QDSC under different scenarios. The dashed-dotted curves for the QDSC are calculated assuming (i) quasi-equilibrium between QDs and the bulk and (ii) charge neutrality in the QD layer. The dotted and dashed-dotted-dotted curve represent the QDSC under the best-case scenario with the number of QD layers ZL¼ 500 and 100, respectively. Voc for the QDSC under quasi-equilibrium is 0.81 V, while Voc¼ 1.01 V is practically the same for the conventional SC and QDSCs under the best-case scenario. The power conversion efficiencies are 16.9%, 21.6%, 21.9%, and 23.0% for the curves from bottom up, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-voltage-dependences-of-current-densities-for-the-3ta8f8qi.png FIG. 2. Voltage dependences of current densities for the processes associated with QDs in a QDSC. The current densities due to photon absorption (jQDph ), spontaneous radiative recombination (j QD rec ), and jQD ¼ j QD ph jQDrec are shown by the dashed-dotted, dotted, and solid curve, respectively. For the QDSC, the following two assumptions are made: (i) there is quasiequilibrium between QDs and the bulk i-region and (ii) the QD layer is charge neutral (i.e., fn¼ fp). At 0.58 V, jQD¼ 0, and at E0=q ¼ 0:99V, jQDph ¼ 0 [see Eqs. (26) and (43)]. The mean size of QDs is 9 nm, an infinitely deep potential well for confined carriers is assumed, the root mean square of QD-size fluctuations d¼ 0.05, the overlap integral of the confined electron and hole wave functions Ioverlap¼ 1, the spontaneous radiative lifetime in a QD sQD¼ 0.49 ns, and the QD surface density (i.e., the number of QDs per unit area of the QD layer) NS¼ 1011 cm 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-photoexcitation-rate-versus-qd-level-occupancy-for-the-3upiosh8.png FIG. 4. Photoexcitation rate versus QD level occupancy for the cases when absorbed photons are provided by (a) the incident sunlight and (b) the spontaneous radiative recombination process in QDs. en;p are 0.606 and 0.034 eV, respectively. In (a), the curves for gex,n versus fn are plotted at different conduction band offsets DEc. In (b), fn¼ fp is assumed and DEc,v are 0.64 and 0.426 eV, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/theory-of-singlet-doublet-excitations-in-praseodymium-1n9b2rxgb6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spectral-functions-for-magnetic-excitations-in-neg-3-2w3apha0.png Fig. 3 Spectral functions for magnetic excitations in Neg. #3-320-75 Pr. Points: neutron measurements (Ref. 11), lines: selfconsistently calculated I.ineshapes convoluted with https://scispace.com/papers/theory-of-the-vortex-clustering-transition-in-a-confined-two-4zcfjstled 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-of-phases-of-a-neutral-system-of-point-15wqz2ch.png FIG. 3. Schematic of phases of a neutral system of point vortices confined to the disk geometry. Energy per vortex decreases from left to right. In dimensionless units the supercondensation temperature occurs at the universal pointβs = −2. The vortex clustering transition occurs at βc −1.835 [Eq. (27)]. In the positive temperature regime, the pair-collapse limit is reached at βpc. The addition of short-range repulsion between vortices allows the point-vortex model to extend farther into the positive temperature regime to encompass the BKT transition at βBKT > βc (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-estimated-values-of-ec-n-and-its-uncertainty-ec-n-2ajl9b6i.png TABLE I. Estimated values of Ec(N ) and its uncertainty Ec(N ) obtained by our numerical fitting procedure (see Sec. IV C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-logarithmic-plot-of-average-dipole-moment-d-against-2clatnmh.png FIG. 2. Logarithmic plot of average dipole moment D against the energy above the critical energy, E − Ec. Solid line shows the predicted mean-field scaling |E − Ec|1/2. Inset shows a nonlogarithmic plot of D against E. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-comparison-between-microcanonical-theory-and-mc-1vmr8hgp.png FIG. 1. A comparison between microcanonical theory and MC sampling for N = 100 point vortices on the clustering transition. (a) shows the dipole moment D (solid red) for increasing energy E; also shown is the mean-field prediction D = (E − Ec)1/2 (dotted black). Ec −5 × 10−2—here representing the critical energy for N = 100—is estimated by fitting to the numerical data [see Sec. IV C]. The inset in (a) shows the variance of dipole moment for N = 50 (dash-dotted green), N = 100 (solid red), and N = 200 (dashed blue). (b) shows the separation between vorticity centers d(E), Eq. (38); the numerical data (solid line) is shown alongside asymptotic mean-field predictions for high energies ds [double-dashed line; Eq. (43)] and energies close to the transition dc [dot-dashed line; Eq. (40)]. (c) and (d) show, respectively, results from MC sampling and mean-field theory for the scaled vortex density σ̃ (see text). To present the large energy range on one color map, we define σ̃ ≡ σ for E − Ec = 0.02,0.1 and σ̃ ≡ σ/10 for E − Ec = 2.02. https://scispace.com/papers/therapeutic-management-in-sicilian-patients-with-definite-3607wz3qnj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-predictors-of-appropriate-icd-shock-intervention-28s8bggj.png Table 1 Predictors of appropriate ICD shock intervention. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-kaplan-meier-analysis-of-survival-free-of-vf-vfl-2d3dvqb2.png Fig. 1. Kaplan–Meier analysis of survival free of VF/VFL compared with actual patient survival. Divergence between lines reflects the estimated survival benefit of ICD therapy. https://scispace.com/papers/therapeutic-options-in-the-management-of-sleep-disorders-in-2kv06ng3jj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-risk-of-bias-studies-on-melatonin-3u28thih.png Table II. Risk of bias—studies on melatonin. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-excluded-studies-on-melatonin-36nocfdu.png Table I. Excluded studies on melatonin. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-sort-evidence-based-rating-for-therapeuti-35xap2vl.png Table III. SORT evidence-based rating for therapeuti https://scispace.com/papers/therapeutic-potential-for-coxibs-nitric-oxide-releasing-2jzrerjuv8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-3c-d-4c-d-celecoxib-and-vehicle-cmc-on-25b5d5o0.png Table 4 Effect of 3c-d, 4c-d, Celecoxib, and vehicle (CMC) on hyperalgesia and edema induced b https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cox-1-and-cox-2-inhibitory-activity-of-5a-d-6a-d-and-3shue07j.png Table 5 COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activity of 5a-d, 6a-d, and Celecoxib. https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-dose-response-results-of-compounds-15a-e-16a-d-and-2evu0bg9.png Table 16 Dose response results of compounds 15a¡e, 16a¡d, and Celecoxib in the Acetic Acid Writhing Test.a. https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-effect-of-15a-c-16a-c-16e-and-celecoxib-on-wkq8jj2w.png Table 17 Effect of 15a-c, 16a-c, 16e and Celecoxib on hyperalgesia and edema induced by carragee https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-effect-of-5a-and-5c-and-vehicle-cmc-in-the-mouse-30s1i7kv.png Table 6 Effect of 5a and 5c and vehicle (CMC) in the mouse abdominal constriction test (Acetic acid 0.6%). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-activity-of-compound-5a-and-celecoxib-in-the-3o01uez8.png Table 7 Activity of compound 5a and Celecoxib in the carrageenan-induced inflammationa. https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-hyperalgesia-and-edema-reduction-in-the-carrageenan-2zdnapwn.png Table 13 Hyperalgesia and edema reduction in the carrageenan induced inflammation for compounds 7c and 11a in comparison with celecoxib. https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-efficacy-and-potency-in-determining-no-dependent-28c4dn6u.png Table 15 Efficacy and potency in determining NO-dependent vasorelaxing responses of 15a¡f and GTN.a. https://scispace.com/papers/therapeutic-potential-of-mesenchymal-stem-stromal-cells-24j7yaijgo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graphic-summary-of-effects-of-msc-derived-exosomes-17b4g9t7.png Figure 2. Graphic summary of effects of MSC-derived exosomes in ARDS and COVID-19. MSCs and their exosomes have a potent ability to modulate monocytes, lung epithelial cells and immune cells. https://scispace.com/papers/therapeutic-role-of-filarial-hsp70-in-murine-models-of-4uuaqbdxym 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-wfl-and-hfl-treatment-improves-clinical-parameters-in-18rc0fsa.png Fig 6. WFL and HFL treatment improves clinical parameters in Influenza infection models. A, B and C) Effect of WFL or HFL on body temperature of mice groups, -1D IN (A), +1D IN (B) and +5D IP (C) as described in Fig. 7A (n=9 in each group). D, E and F) Effect of WFL or HFL on body weight of mice groups, -1D IN (D), +1D IN (E) and +5D IP (F) as described in Fig. 7A (n=9 in each group). G, H and I) Percent survival in mice groups, -1D IN (G), +1D IN (H) and +5D IP (I) described in Fig. 7A (n=9 in each group) that received either 25ug or 50ug of WFL or HFL protein. *p<0.05 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-wfl-is-more-potent-immunomodulator-than-its-human-acfqn5d5.png Fig 4: WFL is more potent immunomodulator than its human homolog, HFL. A) The protein alignment of C-terminal (CT) regions of human HSP70 and filarial HSP70s derived from W. bancrofti, B. malayi and S.digitata (The numbers indicate percent similarity when compared to C-terminal region of S.digitata HSP70). B) Effect of equal amounts of WFL or HFL on HEK-Blue TLR2 and TLR4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-both-native-fhsp70-p1-and-recombinant-fhsp70-wfl-2scpxl36.png Fig 2: Both native FHSP70 (P1) and recombinant FHSP70 (WFL) display comparable TLR2 and TLR4 agonist activity. Effect of P1 or WFL in A) HEK-Blue TLR2, B) TLR4 and C) TLR3 reporter cells. E-F) Effect of 5ug P1 or 5ug WFL treatment on indicated mRNAs in THP-1 cells 24 hours post stimulation (LPS was used as a control for classical activation and IL-4 was used as a control for alternate activation of monocytes). *p<0.05, ns= non significant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-single-prophylactic-or-therapeutic-dose-of-wfl-3o1ahbvz.png Fig 5. A single prophylactic or therapeutic dose of WFL protects lungs from tissue infiltration and haemorrhage during influenza infection in mice. A) Schematic showing the study plan for influenza infection and different treatment regimes. B) Representative images of the whole lungs at end https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-p1-protects-mice-at-late-stage-intervention-ie-24hr-wrzsn7en.png Fig 3: P1 protects mice at late stage intervention, ie; 24hr post CLP and these protective effects are independent pro-inflammatory cytokine regulation. A) Effect of P1 or Pp fractions on survival rate in septic mice when a single dose was administered at 6 hour post CLP along with standard antibiotics. Control ‘untreated’ group did not receive any intervention, while the “Antibiotic alone’ group received a single dose of standard antibiotics at 6 hour post CLP. B) Effect of P1 or Pp fractions on survival rate in septic mice when a single dose was administered 24 hour post CLP. The standard antibiotics were administered at 6 hours post CLP as provided. The same control groups were used as https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-identification-and-characterization-of-immuno-3f4y2nex.png Fig 1. Identification and characterization of immuno-modulatory fraction in WGA binding filarial soluble extracts. A) Different protein peaks (P1-P4) observed in size exclusion chromatography of the AgW. B) Effect of indicated amounts of purified P1 and Pooled peaks (Pp) fraction on secretion of IL-1B, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-a and MCP-1 protein levels in THP-1 culture https://scispace.com/papers/therapeutic-targeting-of-casein-kinase-1d-e-in-an-alzheimer-4fm17rpjq2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pf-670462-administration-rescues-working-memory-28hjdmfc.png Figure 4. PF-670462 Administration Rescues Working Memory Deficits Without Altering Anxiety-Like Behaviour in 3xTg-AD Mice https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pf-670462-treatment-alters-expression-of-ad-related-2ryczwe9.png Figure 1. PF-670462 Treatment Alters Expression of AD-Related and Clock-Regulated Proteins In Vitro https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pf-670462-administration-normalizes-disrupted-hw6zcy0r.png Figure 5. PF-670462 Administration Normalizes Disrupted Behavioural Circadian Rhythms in 3xTg-AD Mice https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pf-670462-administration-shifts-the-hippocampal-r3zehec3.png Figure 2. PF-670462 Administration Shifts the Hippocampal Proteomic Profile of 3xTg-AD Mice Towards That of NTg Mice https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pf-670462-administration-rescues-ad-related-protein-avgpfz8w.png Figure 3. PF-670462 Administration Rescues AD-Related Protein Abundance Changes in the Hippocampus of 3xTg-AD Mice https://scispace.com/papers/therapists-perceptions-of-the-therapeutic-alliance-in-53ulsuz6lq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coding-frame-for-emerging-and-final-themes-1nlhvshp.png Table 1 Coding frame for emerging and final themes https://scispace.com/papers/there-are-asymptotically-the-same-number-of-latin-squares-of-2jactmlql9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-table-of-identities-1pasc6ke.png Table 1. Table of identities. https://scispace.com/papers/there-is-more-to-perinatal-mental-health-care-than-3w2zt1rrz7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-perinatal-mental-services-and-guidelines-2a7ij8ot.png Table 7: Perinatal mental services and guidelines https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-no-of-women-experiencing-perinatal-mental-health-cay5zszj.png Table 4: No. of women experiencing perinatal mental health issues cared for in the past 6 months https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-self-rated-skills-in-undertaking-perinatal-mental-gl80udrr.png Table 3: Self-rated skills in undertaking perinatal mental health activities https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-perinatal-mental-health-activities-and-assessment-1qi7vqcz.png Table 5: Perinatal mental health activities and assessment practices https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-knowledge-among-those-with-and-without-some-1mv7uxkn.png Table 6: Knowledge among those with and without some perinatal mental health education https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-self-rated-knowledge-of-perinatal-mental-health-n-1l8t7ukq.png Table 2: Self-rated knowledge of perinatal mental health (n=138) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-profile-pli8m9v2.png Table 1: Demographic profile https://scispace.com/papers/there-and-here-patterns-of-content-transclusion-in-wikipedia-296kgtl6kp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-per-language-occurrence-of-transcluding-articles-ta-104fhk5p.png Table 2: Per-language occurrence of transcluding articles (TA) in the main namespace. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-per-language-transclude-mark-up-occurrence-column-2-2gnlifkw.png Table 3: Per-language transclude mark-up occurrence. Column 2: transclusion calls. Columns 3-5: scope-restriction in transcluded pages. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-per-language-occurrence-of-transclusion-by-subject-nhill1p7.png Table 4: Per-language occurrence of transclusion by subject group, topics ranked by aggregate totals. (Zero % values omitted.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dataset-wikipedia-february-2016-xml-dumps-32xykyyq.png Table 1: Dataset. Wikipedia February 2016 XML dumps. Perlanguage wiki data, ordered by article count. The Article count includes both live (‘active’) articles and re-direct stubs. Data date is 13th February for English and 11th February for all other wikis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-transclusion-pathways-in-wikipedia-excluding-1qpultak.png Figure 1: Transclusion pathways in Wikipedia (excluding Wikidata pathway, Section 3.1.4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-canadian-communities-english-wiki-spwiayqk.png Figure 7: Canadian communities, English wiki. https://scispace.com/papers/there-is-no-role-for-routine-annual-echocardiography-in-glgchr3cm9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-routine-echocardiograms-with-findings-3lugt5sq.png Table 1: Number of routine echocardiograms with findings requiring intervention. https://scispace.com/papers/there-s-no-beer-without-a-smoke-community-cohesion-and-2jf5r1npsv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bar-owners-responses-3sbyzsgz.png TABLE 3 Bar Owners’ Responses https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mechanisms-driving-bars-resistance-b58vh4bf.png TABLE 2 Mechanisms Driving Bars’ Resistance https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-negative-binomial-regression-models-of-resistance-to-1juyduvt.png TABLE 6 Negative Binomial Regression Models of Resistance to the Smoking Bana,b https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-effect-of-resistance-in-neighboring-communities-bq9ldvkh.png FIGURE 4 The Effect of Resistance in Neighboring Communities for Two Levels of Residential Stability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-interaction-effect-of-kinship-and-resistance-in-qyn6jnxt.png FIGURE 5 Interaction Effect of Kinship and Resistance in Neighboring Communities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-geographical-distribution-of-fines-for-violation-of-12k9ef4n.png FIGURE 2 Geographical Distribution of Fines for Violation of the Smoking Ban https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-effect-of-resistance-in-neighboring-communities-jqz6yh8z.png FIGURE 6 The Effect of Resistance in Neighboring Communities for Two Levels of Kinship https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-variables-and-data-sources-26f0ewbp.png TABLE 4 Variables and Data Sources https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-ageing-of-ptfe-in-the-melted-state-influence-of-sa7jp26lra 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-second-dsc-scans-of-aged-ptfe-before-interdiffusion-2ozr1w50.png Fig. 5. a) Second DSC scans of aged PTFE before interdiffusion. b) Melting temperature and crystallinity ratio as a function of weight loss. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ageing-time-crystallisation-temperature-eij0jdra.png Table 3 Ageing time, crystallisation temperature, crystallisation enthalpy and calculated number-average molecular weight for aged PTFE before interdiffusion and after interdiffusion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-evolution-of-calculated-number-average-molecular-2cgmtph5.png Fig. 6. Evolution of calculated number-average molecular weight as a function of ageing time for PTFE before interdiffusion and after interdiffusion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-dma-thermograms-of-aged-ptfe-before-interdiffusion-and-290tblac.png Fig. 8. DMA thermograms of aged PTFE before interdiffusion ( ) and after interdiffusion ( ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-dma-thermograms-of-tan-d-for-aged-ptfe-after-ccqduww6.png Fig. 10. DMA thermograms of tan d for aged PTFE after interdiffusion in the vicinity of crystal-crystal transitions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-dma-thermograms-of-ptfe-before-interdiffusion-and-1hxquegj.png Fig. 7. DMA thermograms of PTFE before interdiffusion ( ) and after interdiffusion ( ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-dma-thermograms-of-g00-loss-modulus-for-aged-ptfe-n9dtbb48.png Fig. 9. DMA thermograms of G00 loss modulus for aged PTFE after interdiffusion. The framed detail represents the magnification of the a mode. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spectral-bands-identification-and-assignation-of-the-3r2t349b.png Table 1 Spectral bands identification and assignation of the bonds motions. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-and-dielectric-properties-of-polycarbonatediol-1utjbmw0h9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-values-of-m-in-the-frequency-domain-for-puph-at-3s633cy7.png FIGURE 4 Values of M in the frequency domain for PUPH at several temperatures (-120 to 140 °C, step 5 °C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-loss-tan-d-in-the-frequency-domain-for-puph-at-26m7neco.png FIGURE 5 Loss tan δ in the frequency domain for PUPH at several temperatures (-120 to 140 °C, step 5 °C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-temperature-dependence-of-the-shape-parameters-ahn-18um0kr6.png FIGURE 8 Temperature dependence of the shape parameters, aHN (open) and bHN (solid) from eq 2, of the (triangles), (square), (circles) and (star) relaxations for PUPH. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-modulated-differential-scanning-calorimetry-curves-cpjxf15r.png FIGURE 1 Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry curves of PUPH. (1) Total heat flow; (2) reversing component and (3) non-reversing component. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-temperature-dependence-of-the-dielectric-loss-8h8538jn.png FIGURE 3 Temperature dependence of the dielectric loss modulus and loss mechanical modulus at 1 Hz for PUPH film. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-experimental-dielectric-loss-factor-data-circle-3l4nozws.png FIGURE 7 Experimental dielectric loss factor data (circle), global fit (continuous line) and individual relaxations (dashed lines) as a function of frequency at 30 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristic-parameters-of-the-dipolar-and-225kkxu5.png TABLE 1 Characteristic parameters of the dipolar and conductivity processes for PUPH. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-experimental-dielectric-loss-factor-data-circle-3cbzjroj.png FIGURE 6 Experimental dielectric loss factor data (circle), global fit (continuous line) and individual relaxations (dashed lines) as a function of frequency at -45 and -105 °C. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-and-volumetric-properties-of-complex-aqueous-30do5raalu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1oi7jjm4.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-1edmh8fj.png Fig. 11 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-31ybhdvb.png Fig. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2tvzz8w1.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-values-of-the-fitting-constants-for-the-interaction-1rojbg65.png Table 4. Values of the fitting constants for the interaction parameters of Na2SO4-H2O binary system (after optimization) 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-qruyoqi3.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-values-of-fitting-constants-for-solubility-products-appp8sek.png Table 5. Values of fitting constants for solubility products 12 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-2bfo0k5e.png Fig. 10 https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-and-electrical-properties-of-phenol-formaldehyde-2umc8e8o2t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-raman-spectra-of-graphite-go-and-rgo-2knwrm9c.png Figure 3. Raman spectra of graphite, GO, and RGO https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-degradation-temperatures-of-pf-and-pf-rgo-foams-2wgbl50c.png Table 1. Degradation temperatures of PF and PF/RGO foams https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-tga-and-b-dtg-of-pf-rgo-foams-gignjgs0.png Figure 7. (a) TGA and (b) DTG of PF/RGO foams https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-thermal-conductivity-experimental-setup-vasqlt2j.png Figure 2. Thermal conductivity experimental setup https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sem-images-of-a-neat-pf-foam-0-rgo-b-0-08-wt-rgo-c-74rfqo5q.png Figure 6. SEM images of (a) neat PF foam (0% RGO) (b) 0.08 wt% RGO (c) 0.12 wt% RGO and (d) 0.15 wt% RGO https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-specific-heat-of-pf-rgo-foams-1g3mdd1r.png Figure 11. Specific heat of PF/RGO foams https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-dimensional-afm-image-of-rgo-prxlznu1.png Figure 5. 3-dimensional AFM image of RGO https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-preparation-of-pf-rgo-foam-32nemwyo.png Figure 1. Preparation of PF/RGO foam https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-and-mechanical-design-and-test-of-the-ccd-mount-for-5z7dkkyf2w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ccd-mounting-plate-xemnoc10.png Figure 5 CCD mounting plate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ccd-mounting-plate-support-1v9mi6d4.png Figure 6 CCD mounting plate support https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-image-of-confocal-measuring-system-right-and-t4e3u1ou.png Figure 13 Image of confocal measuring system (right) and imaging camera (to bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-example-image-of-ccd-positions-taken-to-determine-3edjfz0n.png Figure 23 Example Image of CCD positions taken to determine X and Y positions of each device. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-shows-the-liquid-nitrogen-hold-time-for-a-full-fwz4c9yc.png Figure 22 shows the liquid nitrogen hold time (for a full bath of liquid nitrogen) and the temperature as measured at the CCD mount. This shows the hold time was from when the CCD mount plate reached operating temperature (in this case 127K) at 20:20 hrs 07/08/2017 to when the liquid nitrogen bath started to warm up at 17:44 hrs 08/08/2017 (note there is a small read error on the temperature sensors, showing the liquid nitrogen bath to be at 69K instead of 77K). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-image-showing-lateral-adjustment-mechanisms-26z2jhu7.png Figure 8 Image showing lateral adjustment mechanisms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cross-sectional-view-of-mounting-bracket-support-1wknqtvk.png Figure 7 Cross sectional view of mounting bracket support https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-confocal-measuring-head-scanning-the-window-or-ccd-219hr3q7.png Figure 12 Confocal measuring head scanning the window or CCD image areas https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-behaviour-of-concrete-sandwich-panels-incorporating-3mxps2tavv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-la-and-pcmla-2ukfrndl.png Table 1 Properties of LA and PCMLA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-percentage-dissatisfy-25esviom.png Fig. 13 Percentage dissatisfy https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-properties-of-pcm-used-in-study-paraffin-6035-1sdwiqnk.png Table 2 Properties of PCM used in study: Paraffin 6035 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-specimen-configuration-3szuyhli.png Table 3 Specimen configuration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-temperature-movement-during-cool-down-cycle-of-n-n-and-12mfirwm.png Fig. 9 Temperature movement during cool down cycle of N-N and P-N sandwich panels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-air-gap-in-sandwich-panels-and-actual-1kpzq0fs.png Fig. 1 Location of air gap in sandwich panels and actual pictures of specimens https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-rate-of-temperature-heating-up-of-the-front-layer-8k52uobn.png Table 6 Rate of Temperature Heating Up of the Front Layer https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-properties-of-nlc-and-pcmlc-aggregates-2y7a3d3m.png Table 4 Properties of NLC and PCMLC aggregates https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-comfort-evaluated-for-combinations-of-energy-2fc7d58sey 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-human-subject-tests-efiwnike.png Table 3. Human subject tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-images-of-the-pcs-devices-a-heating-cooling-chair-b-1jn7a0sf.png Figure 1. Images of the PCS devices, a) heating/cooling chair, b) heating/cooling wristpad, c) heating insole, d) cooling deskfan, e) overall PCS system. (The overall figure was made by https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-individual-differences-in-building-occupants-30z8uhbf.png Figure 8. Individual differences in building occupants’ thermal sensation. The data source is from RP-884 thermal comfort database [45]. The numbers besides the dots represent sample sizes. The X-axis is PMV, binned within ±0.2 PMV scale units. The Y-axis is Standard https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-local-skin-temperature-profiles-under-different-pcs-3trhskev.png Figure 6 Local skin temperature profiles under different PCS applications, a) heating scenario, b) cooling scenario (note, this figure displays only the body parts directly affected by the PCS devices. The skin temperatures are from standard sites representing the whole-body part, and are not from areas directly contacted by the PCS device.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-potential-energy-saving-of-pcs-devices-adapted-from-14sqript.png Figure 9. Potential energy saving of PCS devices. (Adapted from Hoyt et al. [4]) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cop-and-whole-body-corrective-power-of-pcs-devices-3p2ntl3d.png Table 4. COP and whole-body corrective power of PCS devices from thermal manikin tests. The combination of the four devices can correct the ambient temperature towards thermal neutrality by 4.2K cooling and 2.7K heating with a combined heating COP of 0.88 and cooling COP of 3.6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cp-values-by-body-part-a-cp-in-terms-of-local-heat-7nz13syj.png Figure 3. CP values by body part: a) CP in terms of local heat loss, b) CP in terms of EHT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-skin-temperature-changes-caused-by-pcs-devices-a-jnmq2wca.png Figure 7. Skin temperature changes caused by PCS devices, a) heating scenarios, b) cooling scenarios. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-conductivity-of-an-ultrathin-carbon-nanotube-with-an-3zm29b3lyt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-thermal-conductivity-of-a-straight-tube-and-a-tube-1tys0b62.png FIG. 4. The thermal conductivity of a straight tube and a tube with an X-shaped junction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-average-heat-flow-of-the-3-3-tube-and-the-5-0-tube-5a53zpof.png FIG. 5. The average heat flow of the 3, 3 tube and the 5, 0 tube. The heat flow of the tube with an X-shaped junction is similar to that of the corresponding straight tube. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-temperature-profiles-of-the-straight-nanotube-and-2gejxgri.png FIG. 6. The temperature profiles of the straight nanotube and the nanotube with X-shaped junctions along the tube axis at 100 K: a for 3, 3 tubes and b for 5, 0 tubes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-simulation-model-for-calculating-the-thermal-mngnhgy3.png FIG. 1. a Simulation model for calculating the thermal conductivity of a perfect carbon nanotube and b a nanotube with an X-shaped junction. A temperature difference of 20 K between T1 and T2 is applied for the simulation. The diameter of the tube is about 0.4 nm, and the length of the junction is about 4 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-the-model-length-on-the-thermal-conductivity-2r6btpkj.png FIG. 3. Effect of the model length on the thermal conductivity of 3, 3 nanotube at 200 K. The data with a star indicated by open symbols are from Ref. 16. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-formation-energies-and-topological-2fwzcz1x.png FIG. 2. Color online Formation energies and topological structures of the X-shaped junctions between the crossed ultrathin carbon nanotubes. Topological defects are highlighted. The detailed configurations of the junctions are specified in text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-effects-of-the-topological-defects-on-the-thermal-wx25s4pc.png FIG. 8. Effects of the topological defects on the thermal conductivity depending on temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-normalized-thermal-resistance-along-the-tube-the-1af5ey6s.png FIG. 7. The normalized thermal resistance along the tube. The junction is located in the middle of the tube. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-degradation-of-polyvinyl-chloride-3gr811bqn8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-absorption-spectrum-of-pvc-in-tetrahydrofuran-after-q7jbo8jf.png Figure 6. Absorption spectrum of PVC in tetrahydrofuran after thermal degradation at 1700 under nitrogen. Degree of conversion: (a) 0.19 °/, (b) 0.35 %. Theabsorption maxima correspond to polyene sequenceswith n =4,5, 6 etc. double bonds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-rate-of-dehydrochiorination-of-foils-of-plasticized-156eridb.png Figure 9. Rate of dehydrochiorination of foils of plasticized PVC 1800 under nitrogen. • DOS Dioctyl sebacate, 0 TCP Tricresyl phosphate, A DBP Dibutyl phthalate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-of-oxidative-cleavable-sites-in-fractions-of-3ejgi0wb.png Figure 3. Number of oxidative cleavable sites in fractions of bulk PVC and rate of thermal dehydrochiorination at 1800, under nitrogen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-spectrum-of-pvc-after-degradation-for-90-mm-at-17o-3fjmt6zp.png Figure 8. Spectrum of PVC after degradation for 90 mm at 17O, in ethyl benzoate under oxygen and under nitrogen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-frequency-distribution-h-of-polyene-sequences-2xut67f4.png Figure 7. Frequency distribution H of polyene sequences inpartially degraded polyvinyl chloride and polyvinyl bromide according to reference 34. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-jr-spectra-of-reduced-pvc-a-before-b-after-16l4x3xg.png Figure 2. JR-spectra of reduced PVC (a) before, (b) after treatment with bromine vapour; (c) reduced PVC compensated against polymethylene. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-conductivity-of-ordered-mesoporous-titania-films-2b8vttxu8d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2d-saxs-patterns-obtained-on-sol-gel-type-kle-3udvaxce.png Figure 1. 2D-SAXS patterns obtained on sol-gel type KLE-templated films heated to (a) 400 °C (amorphous matrix) and (b) 600 °C (crystalline matrix), (c) sol-gel type P123-templated films heated to 300 °C, and (d) nanocrystal-based KLE-templated films heated to 600 °C. Scattering vector Sb components are given in nm-1; |Sb| ) (2/λ)sin θ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1d-saxs-measurements-for-amorphous-and-crystalline-3qnch5ld.png Figure 2. 1D-SAXS measurements for amorphous and crystalline sol-gel mesoporous TiO2 thin films synthesized using KLE and P123. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sem-micrographs-of-a-kle-amorphous-b-kle-278662bu.png Figure 3. SEM micrographs of (a) KLE amorphous, (b) KLE crystalline, (c) P123 amorphous, and (d) P123 crystalline sol-gel mesoporous TiO2 thin films along with SEM (e) and TEM (f) micrographs of nanocrystal-based mesoporous TiO2 thin films. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-waxd-patterns-of-nanocrystal-based-mesoporous-films-23cw57aj.png Figure 4. WAXD patterns of nanocrystal-based mesoporous films, KLE- and P123-templated sol-gel mesoporous films, and dense crystalline sol-gel TiO2 films. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-measured-thermal-conductivity-of-dense-amorphous-ki-20adfqw3.png Figure 5. Measured thermal conductivity of dense amorphous (ki ) 1.5 W/m ·K) and crystalline (ki ) 8.4 W/m ·K) TiO2 thin films as a function of film thickness along with previously reported data12,13,22 and predictions by eq 1 with rc ) 4.0 × 10-8 m2 K/W. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-diffusivity-identification-based-on-an-iterative-3w8s1ewtqq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-input-prameters-for-direct-problem-37hph311.png TABLE I. INPUT PRAMETERS FOR DIRECT PROBLEM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temperature-evolution-1tvjkye0.png Figure 2. Temperature evolution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-thermal-diffusivity-and-heating-source-9oje27vg.png Figure 1. Thermal diffusivity and heating source. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-identified-thermal-diffusivity-at-iteration-53-2x0kozpt.png Figure 4. Identified thermal diffusivity at iteration 53. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cost-function-evolution-with-measurement-noises-wwv97687.png Figure 5. Cost-function evolution with measurement noises https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cost-function-evolution-without-measurement-noises-nl7akbvn.png Figure 3. Cost-function evolution without measurement noises https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-identified-thermal-diffusivity-at-iteration-7-i9fcpbgg.png Figure 6. Identified thermal diffusivity at iteration 7. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-desorption-of-hch-1fab20gxk7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tg-a-and-dsc-b-curves-of-a-b-c-and-d-hch-isomers-b-1-c-2gp9fgfw.png Fig. 4 TG (a) and DSC (b) curves of a-, b-, c- and d-HCH isomers; b = 1 C min-1; (25 B DT B 350) C; flow of N2 = 50 mL min-1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-melting-temperature-of-hch-isomers-dsc-of-mass-loss-20mvfd6q.png Table 2 Melting temperature of HCH isomers (DSC), % of mass loss (TG) and % residue (TG); b = 1 C min-1; (25 B DT B 350) C; flow of N2: 50 mL min -1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-isomers-of-hexachlorocyclohexane-hch-2i6yt890.png Fig. 5 Isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-collected-samples-of-gases-and-vapors-in-the-reactor-ekc29x0n.png Table 4 Collected samples of gases and vapors in the reactor https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-temperature-at-different-depths-in-the-batch-thermal-1woglikc.png Table 3 Temperature at different depths in the batch thermal reactor https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-materials-used-in-the-tests-aroqs906.png Table 1 Characteristics of the materials used in the tests Initial contamination level Contaminated soil (HCH/lg g-1) Technical grade (HCH/mg g-1) Soil support https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simultaneous-tg-dta-and-dtg-curves-of-hch-a-a-hch-mr-1w2wqog6.png Fig. 6 Simultaneous TG–DTA and DTG curves of HCH: a a-HCH (MR), in synthetic air; b t-g HCH; in N2 flow of 50 mL min-1; b = 10 C min-1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-batch-thermal-reactor-n6b5gz7o.png Fig. 1 Batch thermal reactor https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-diffusivity-of-traditional-and-innovative-sheet-2pwjxwies6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-thermal-diffusivity-of-the-examined-steels-vs-3rapptpa.png Fig. 4: Thermal diffusivity of the examined steels vs. temperature https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-microstructures-and-hv0-1-microhardness-of-the-steels-2hlqihvv.png Fig. 2: Microstructures and HV0.1 microhardness of the steels, as received and after 1000 °C heating. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-composition-of-the-examined-steels-wt-37o4axst.png Table 1: Chemical composition of the examined steels, (wt. %) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xrd-patterns-of-trip-a-and-twip-b-as-received-tq-and-5l32jbus.png Fig. 1: XRD patterns of TRIP (a) and TWIP (b): as-received (TQ) and after different heating cycles. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-driven-analog-placement-considering-device-matching-2m5v108zn1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-block-diagram-of-a-generic-rf-system-2r2lyipl.png Figure 1: The block diagram of a generic RF system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-thermal-profiles-based-on-two-kinds-of-power-device-1jix8bk0.png Figure 2: Thermal profiles based on two kinds of power device arrangements. (a) The thermal profile where power devices are ev nly https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparisons-of-the-maximum-temperature-difference-of-3jpy9ghq.png Table 1: Comparisons of the maximum temperature difference of each symmetry pair, area utilization, and CPU times for the approaches based on the temperature difference optimization and our thermal profile optimization. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparisons-of-the-circuit-accuracy-due-to-thermally-2v2xjzwr.png Table 2: Comparisons of the circuit accuracy due to thermally-induced mismatches for common-centroid placements based on the grid-based approach and ourk-row TCCP algorithm. The numbers in bold font mean that the circuits are within the tolerance of the accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-the-resulting-placement-of-lnamixbias-2p4g-b-the-39hb8lr5.png Figure 9: (a) The resulting placement of lnamixbias_2p4g. (b) The corresponding thermal profile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-placement-configurations-of-power-device-area-2xvtbrwj.png Figure 3: Placement configurations of power device area arrangements. (a) The power device area is arranged at one short sideof the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-a-symmetric-placement-containing-a-symmetry-group-3gnf6k8c.png Figure 4: (a) A symmetric placement containing a symmetry group S0 = {bs3, (b4, b ′ 4 )}, and two non-symmetric modules,b1 and b2. (b) The corresponding HB*-tree and ASF-B*-tree of the placementin (a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-placement-configuration-and-its-corresponding-2eidqj3g.png Figure 5: The placement configuration and its corresponding HB*trees. (a) The placement configuration based on the power area arrangement in Figure 3. (b) The HB*-trees representing the topology among the three regions in (a). https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-effect-on-aequorea-green-fluorescent-protein-anionic-26tbwz6krz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-normalized-emission-spectra-of-a-gfp-solution-0-1-mm-32uf56dx.png Fig. 3 Normalized emission spectra of A-GFP solution (0.1 μM, pH=7), 1exc=475 nm: (—) 20 °C, (- -) 40 °C, (-⋅-⋅) 60 °C, (⋅⋅⋅⋅) 70 °C. Insert: Emission maxima variation with temperature increase https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-emission-spectra-of-a-gfp-solution-0-1-mm-ph-7-1exc-cvd8zllz.png Fig. 2 Emission spectra of A-GFP solution (0.1 μM, pH=7), 1exc= 399 nm: (—) 20 °C, (- -) 60 °C, (-⋅-⋅) 65 °C, (⋅⋅⋅⋅) 70 °C. Insert: Emission maxima variation with temperature increase https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-excitation-spectra-of-a-gfp-solution-0-1-mm-ph-7-1em-4v5ifiaw.png Fig. 1 Excitation spectra of A-GFP solution (0.1 μM, pH=7), 1em= 506 nm: (—) 20 °C, (- -) 60 °C, (-⋅-⋅) 65 °C, (⋅⋅⋅⋅) 70 °C https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-effects-on-solar-images-recorded-in-space-1qxblqiwk1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-left-panel-shows-the-cross-section-maps-of-the-17oanqcr.png Figure 5. The left panel shows the cross-section maps of the three-dimensional simulation temperature (a) and of the refractive index (b). The corresponding path-length difference δ(r) is plotted in the left panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-psf-of-a-perfect-instrument-left-panel-and-a-x6yublfc.png Figure 6. The psf of a perfect instrument (left panel) and a degraded one (right panel) for x = 2 (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-simulation-of-a-degraded-solar-image-left-panel-an-2m3fi7b3.png Figure 8. Simulation of a degraded solar image (left panel), an extracted limb and its derivative (respectively top and bottom right panel). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-theoretical-limb-top-left-panel-its-derivative-26hhjt3q.png Figure 7. Theoretical limb (top left panel), its derivative (bottom left panel) and the simulated solar image (right panel) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-temporal-gradient-estimated-to-fit-the-temporal-vhnzsihd.png Figure 14. Temporal gradient estimated to fit the temporal solar radius at 535.7 nm (left panel) and 607.1 nm (right panel) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-left-panel-plots-the-fit-of-the-temporal-solar-2ux9jlpl.png Figure 13. The left panel plots the fit of the temporal solar radius measurements at 535.7 (top,line) and 607.1 nm (bottom,line) with our gradient model (dot). The temporal radius variations are fitted with a sum of 2 sin functions (middle panel) leading to estimate the gradients causing them with our model (right panel) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sodism-optical-scheme-2njpbsjg.png Figure 1. SODISM optical scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-reduction-of-solar-radius-at-535-7-nm-left-panel-ksrbyesh.png Figure 10. Reduction of solar radius at 535.7 nm (left panel) and 607.1 nm (right panel) with the P-V phase error for a pupil diameter of 4 and 9 cm https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-electrical-transport-of-high-purity-melt-impregnated-w1fc9jiay3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-calculated-intrinsic-residual-scattering-1j5hcsvo.png Table 1. The calculated intrinsic residual scattering properties taken from both electrical and thermal measurements and compared with the grain size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-reduced-temperature-dependent-resistivities-af-2s7czuwr.png Figure 1. The reduced temperature dependent resistivities, AF(ρ − ρ0), of samples 1 (black circles), 2 (light grey triangles) and 3 (grey squares), taken from the raw data, (inset), are compared. The reduced temperature dependent resistivity of sample 3, matches that of the single crystal (black line) the most closely. The values of AF used are included in the graph. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-intrinsic-thermal-conductivity-k-af-at-300-k-3415fkqh.png Figure 5. The intrinsic thermal conductivity (k/AF) at 300 K calculated using a ρ (300–40 K) of 4.3 μ cm (dotted line top) and 7.3 μ cm (solid line bottom). Open circles are samples from this paper. Filled squares are calculated from data for samples in [3]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-from-top-to-bottom-secondary-electron-microscope-uzu8z1wq.png Figure 4. From top to bottom, secondary electron microscope images of samples 1, 2 and 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-effective-thermal-resistance-afw-plotted-as-afw-2f9k50lo.png Figure 3. The effective thermal resistance AFW , plotted as AFW T , for sample 1 (circles), sample 2 (light grey triangles) and sample 3 (grey squares). The dashed line is β + αT 3 with α = and β = for the bottom curve (sample 3) and β = (samples 1 and 2). Inset is AFW T plotted against T 3. The dashed lines show β + αT 3 extended beyond the axis with the same value of α. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-thermal-conductivity-as-measured-top-a-and-1xn50hxx.png Figure 2. The thermal conductivity as measured, top (a), and divided by the effective cross sections AF, bottom (b), from figure 1, for sample 1 (circles), sample 2 (light grey triangles) and sample 3 (grey squares). The solid three lines in (a) show the region, for T > 200 K where the temperature dependence is weak. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-efficiency-of-a-concentrating-solar-collector-under-4uz09vx0ui 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-thermal-efficiency-as-function-of-the-difference-3ssk4r5u.png Figure 4. Thermal efficiency as function of the difference between the absorber and ambient temperature: simulation results for our planar experimental set-up (red line diffuse, red circle specular model); experimental efficiency of planar absorber in a vacuum box (black diamonds); simulation results for our experimental set-up equipped with double AR coating on glass and high reflectivity mirror on the internal surface (blue line diffuse, blue circle specular model); simulation results for a CPC inserted in the high vacuum collector (orange line diffuse, orange open square specular); simulation results of a CPC inserted in the high vacuum collector with all internal surfaces covered by high reflectivity mirror (black dashed line diffuse, black cross specular) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-geometrical-sketch-of-the-vacuum-vessel-with-a-3rdckz4s.png Figure 1. a) Geometrical sketch of the vacuum vessel with a flat absorber used in the simulation. b) Geometrical sketch of the simulated Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) inserted in a panel under high vacuum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ray-tracing-for-solar-incoming-beams-with-an-1s0yno1t.png Figure 2. Ray tracing for solar incoming beams with an incidence angle of: a) 0 degrees, b) 20 degrees. c) Optical Efficiency as function of the incident angle. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ray-optics-analysis-absorbed-fraction-of-solar-3v37296s.png Table 2. Ray optics analysis: absorbed fraction of solar incoming power for every CPC component. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-fronts-atlas-of-canadian-coastal-waters-kvnxihui8r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-chl-a-concentration-climatology-1998-2010-for-the-1t8blcrz.png Fig. 8 Chl-a concentration climatology (1998-2010) for the Scotian Shelf and the Gulf of Maine. Isobaths 50 m, 100 m, 200 m and 1000 m are drawn. See Fig. 7 for acronyms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-chl-a-concentration-climatology-1998-2010-for-the-3pau8sdu.png Fig. 3 Chl-a concentration climatology (1998-2010) for the Hudson Strait, Ungava Bay and Northern Labrador Shelf. Isobaths 50 m, 200 m and 1000 m are drawn. See Fig. 2 for acronyms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-details-of-the-gulf-of-alaska-from-figure-17-isobaths-3tx46xn7.png Fig. 18 Details of the Gulf of Alaska from Figure 17. Isobaths 100 m and 1000 m are drawn. Hecate Strait is identified with the acronym HS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-details-of-belcher-islands-and-james-bay-from-figure-3o6538yw.png Fig. 12 Details of Belcher Islands and James Bay from Figure 11. Isobaths 25 m, 50 m and 100 m are drawn. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-frontal-frequency-1986-2010-for-the-southern-3rjnihzf.png Fig. 4 Mean frontal frequency (1986-2010) for the Southern Labrador Shelf. Isobaths 50 m, 200 m and 1000 m are drawn. Location of Nain (NB) and Hamilton (HB) banks and Byron (BB), Groswater (GB) and Sandwich (SB) bays are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-chl-a-concentration-climatology-1998-2010-for-the-ahhvthqz.png Fig. 19 Chl-a concentration climatology (1998-2010) for the Gulf of Alaska. Isobaths 100 m and 1000 m are drawn. Hecate Strait is identified with the acronym HS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-mean-frontal-frequency-1986-2010-for-the-scotian-shelf-crg0n1m8.png Fig. 7 Mean frontal frequency (1986-2010) for the Scotian Shelf, Gulf of Maine and Bay of Fundy. Isobaths 50 m, 100 m, 200 m and 1000 m are drawn. Location of the Northeast Channel, Cape Canso (CC) and Cape Sable (CS), the Gully, Sable (SI) and Grand Manan (GMI) Islands, Lehave (LB) and Emerald (EB) basins and Browns (BB) and George (GB) banks are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-mean-frontal-frequency-1986-2010-for-the-hudson-bay-3mxzmyto.png Fig. 11 Mean frontal frequency (1986-2010) for the Hudson Bay. The isobath 100 m is drawn. The Belcher and Coat islands are identified with the acronym BI and CI respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-energy-of-the-crystalline-one-component-plasma-from-26bjbkv67o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-coefficients-of-two-term-fits-for-various-ranges-of-aue8mm4n.png TABLE IV. Coefficients of two-term fits for various ranges of TABLE V. Coefficients of three-term fits for various ranges of I . https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-coefficients-of-four-term-fits-for-various-ranges-1lsrx3vx.png TABLE VI. Coefficients of four-term fits for various ranges of I . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fitted-thermal-excess-energies-for-the-quid-and-solid-3ui3b5u1.png FIG. 2. Fitted thermal excess energies for the Quid and solid OCP phases. Open circles represent values that are omitted from the fits. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-norms-of-least-squares-matrices-170-i-2000-a9-mfuuh75y.png TABLE VII. Norms of least-squares matrices (170+ I ~ 2000). (A9) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-the-present-results-for-the-ocp-excess-3gjmgb39.png TABLE I. Comparison of the present results for the OCP excess energy for 1 ( j. (300 with those of Ref. [8]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-coefficients-of-least-squares-fits-to-quid-energy-1fiqli0o.png TABLE II. Coefficients of least-squares fits to Quid energy data. The column headings a, b, c, and d corrrespond to Table II of Ref. [12]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-thermal-energy-of-crystalline-ocp-for-170-i-2000-from-1vo97xt1.png FIG. 1. Thermal energy of crystalline OCP for 170&I ~ 2000 from the simulations (circles) and a three-term fit (solid curve) of the form (9). The dashed curve shows how poorly a one-term fit with only A&WO performs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-thermal-part-of-crystalline-ocp-excess-energy-for-1kdwxzls.png TABLE III. Thermal part of crystalline OCP excess energy for 170~ I ~2000. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-feedback-in-the-high-mass-star-and-cluster-forming-5g4d7mxb7n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-continuum-source-ids-and-photometry-part-2-26s5qogu.png Table 8 Continuum Source IDs and photometry Part 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-peak-brightness-maps-of-the-e2-region-in-47-3mxai86k.png Figure 2. Peak brightness maps of the e2 region in 47 different lines over the range 51 to 60 -km s 1. The cutouts are ´ 6 6 ( ´ ´ ´3.2 10 3.2 104 4 au). To illustrate the lower limit temperature implied by the observed brightness, the maps are not continuum subtracted. For additional contrast, contours are shown at 150, 200, 250, and 300 K (red, green, blue, yellow). There is a strong “halo” of emission seen in the CH3Ox lines and OCS. Extended emission is also clearly seen in SO, 13CS, and H CO2 , though these lines more smoothly blend into their surroundings. HNCO and NH CHO2 have smaller but substantial regions of enhancement with a sharp contrast to their surroundings. HC3N traces the e2e outflow. The bright H30α emission marks the position of e2w, the hypercompact H II region that dominates the centimeter emission in e2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-spectra-of-the-ch-oh3-lines-toward-a-pair-of-1u5t3ghr.png Figure 8. Spectra of the CH OH3 lines toward a pair of selected pixels just outside of the central e2e core. (a) is 0 55 and (b) is 1 33 from e2e. The red curves show the LTE model fitted from a rotational diagram as shown in Figure 7. The model is not a fit to the data shown, but is instead a single-component LTE model fit to the integrated intensity of the lines shown. As such, the fit is not convincing, and it is evident that a single-temperature, single-velocity model does not explain the observed lines. Nonetheless, a component with the modeled temperature is likely to be present in addition to a cooler component responsible for the self-absorption in the low-J lines. (a) shows a pixel close to the center of e2e, which is probably optically thick in most of the shown transitions, while (b) shows a better case where the highest-Aij (highest critical density) lines are overpredicted but many of the others are well-fit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-images-showing-ch-oh3-10-929-36-and-225-ghz-1hl5npsu.png Figure 9. Images showing CH OH3 -10 92,9 3,6 and 225 GHz continuum emission, with CH OH3 in grayscale and continuum in contours (left) and continuum in grayscale, CH OH3 in contours (right). The fainter (whiter) regions in the center of the CH OH3 map correspond to the bright continuum cores and show where all lines appear to be self-absorbed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-channel-maps-of-the-e8-outflow-in-co12-2-1-the-3mt4an8y.png Figure 23. Channel maps of the e8 outflow in CO12 2–1. The outflows here are more erratic, with fewer clearly connected red and blue lobes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-spatial-distribution-of-the-hand-identified-core-2s9qebye.png Figure 24. Spatial distribution of the hand-identified core sample. The black outer contour shows the observed field of view. The dashed circle (with r = 1 pc) shows a hypothetical ring of star formation. The velocities shown are the mean of the velocity of peak intensity for many lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-position-velocity-diagrams-of-the-w51-e2e-core-1wh9iofg.png Figure 14. Position–velocity diagrams of the W51 e2e core taken at PA=35 deg, perpendicular to the main outflow axis. The vertical dashed line shows the position of peak continuum emission. The lines are (a)CH OCHO3 -17 163,14 3,13 218.28083 GHz and (b) CH OH3 -8 70,8 1,6 220.07849 GHz. The spectral resolution is 0.5 -km s 1 in (a) and 1.2 -km s 1 in (b). The data have been continuum-subtracted, highlighting the low line-to-continuum contrast near the source. The CH OCHO3 line was selected because the molecule approximately traces the same material as CH OH3 , but the pair of CH OCHO3 J=17 lines were in our high spectral resolution window, so the velocity substructure can be seen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-29-moment-1-and-2-maps-of-the-w51-e8-core-over-the-zvljp2c9.png Figure 29. Moment 1 and 2 maps of the W51 e8 core over the velocity range 48–68 -km s 1. While there is outflowing 12CO, shown in the lower-right panel, there is not a clear bipolar outflow. See Figure 13. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-finite-element-modeling-of-the-laser-beam-welding-of-1nz96805q5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-finite-element-mesh-with-three-level-of-mesh-2sqpbfrx.png Fig. 4. Finite element mesh with three level of mesh refinement and detail view of the finest one. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-thermo-physical-properties-of-the-material-mhglfl6f.png Table 2. Thermo-physical properties of the material implemented in the numerical simulation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cross-sections-of-welded-joints-in-as-welded-8cigfh87.png Fig. 5. Cross sections of welded joints in as-welded conditions and related geometrical dimensions according to double conical heat source model: (a) 1.5-1.5 mm; (b) 1.2-1.2 mm; (c) 1.5-1.2 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-numerical-results-with-different-values-of-the-energy-1kdawngc.png Fig. 6. Numerical results with different values of the energy transfer efficiency for the iso-thickness configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-cross-section-of-the-melt-pool-geometries-of-the-two-2f721bo1.png Fig. 7. Cross-section of the melt pool geometries of the two sheets: a) 1.2 mm, b) 1.5 mm. The grey area represents the fused zone. To calibrate the fused zone in the TWB a variable α (1, 2, 4, 6) was imposed, with fixed ETE and fixed geometrical dimensions (rb, rt, ri, rb*, rt*, ri*). Results, in terms of geometrical parameters, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-proposed-heat-source-model-2mx0ki3q.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the proposed heat source model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-geometrical-parameters-of-the-welding-experiments-in-1zkp7zk5.png Table 3. Geometrical parameters of the welding experiments in the three different configurations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-symmetric-plate-of-size-12-5-mm-x-20-mm-3sfdpt8z.png Fig. 3. Symmetric plate of size 12.5 mm x 20 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-history-of-the-ecstall-pluton-from-40ar-39ar-ztaoh3x6c1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-586-587-588-589-590-591-592-1uxdbtpc.png Table 1. 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-594-595-596-3r5ivh33.png Table 2. 594 595 596 https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-imaging-in-surgery-4wdnaywfdh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-block-diagram-of-the-multichannel-ecg-data-26g2j408.png FIGURE 3.3 Block diagram of the multichannel ECG data compression scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-two-level-four-branch-subband-coder-structure-1wseokj2.png FIGURE 3.2 Two-level (four branch) subband coder structure. This structure divides the frequency domain into four regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-6-the-original-and-reconstructed-ecg-lead-signals-i-1f19x3rj.png FIGURE 3.6 The original and reconstructed ECG lead signals I, II, V1, and V2 (CR = 6.17, APRD = 6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-aztec-representation-of-an-ecg-waveform-2dvlx8wy.png FIGURE 3.1 AZTEC representation of an ECG waveform. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-a-typical-set-of-standard-ecg-lead-waveforms-xi-i-9qr29c3x.png FIGURE 3.4 A typical set of standard ECG lead waveforms xi , i = 0, 1, . . . , 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-uncorrelated-signals-yi-i-0-1-2-7-corresponding-2n9as06y.png FIGURE 3.5 Uncorrelated signals yi , i = 0, 1, 2, . . . , 7, corresponding to the ECG signals shown in Figure 3.4. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-hall-conductance-and-a-relative-topological-1j9tps1s9r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-function-g-y-shown-here-corresponds-to-a-2qb8y2j2.png FIG. 1. (a) The function g(y) shown here corresponds to a potential change − from y = −∞ to y = +∞. The electric field is independent of x and is nonzero in a horizontal strip in R2. (b) The function g(y) shown here corresponds to zero net potential change from y = −∞ to y = +∞. The electric field is independent of x and is nonzero in two horizontal strips in R2 corresponding to regions I and II. For the net electric Hall current to be nonzero, the parameter λ of the Hamiltonian is chosen to be y-dependent. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-phase-diagrams-the-horizontal-axis-represents-a-aolfar65.png FIG. 3. Phase diagrams. The horizontal axis represents a parameter of the Hamiltonian, the vertical axis is temperature. Dashed lines and crosses represent phase transitions. Blue lines are integration contours. (a) The integral of along a loop is zero regardless of whether there are phase transitions in the interior. (b) The invariant I (M,M′) for zero-temperature phases M and M′ can be computed by integrating along the blue line. (c) The points M′ and M′′ are in the same phase, therefore one expects the integrals along the solid and dotted blue lines to be the same. (d) The difference of the two paths can be deformed to a near-zero-temperature path from M′′ to M′. is exponentially small on this path. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-red-vertical-line-represents-the-support-of-q-f0-2zettsl6.png FIG. 2. (a) The red vertical line represents the support of Q( f0 ), the blue horizontal line represents the support of J (δg). (b) Grey parts are far away from the blue line, give a negligible contribution and can be dropped. (c) One can use the conservation law to move the blue line so that the blue and red lines are separated by a large distance. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-infrared-remote-sensing-for-analysis-of-landscape-1al1l7cto0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-radiative-transfer-estimates-surface-temperatures-3k33lm6v.png Table 1. Radiative transfer estimates, surface temperatures, Beta Index, and TRN measurements for several surface types at the Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon. (Modified from Luvall and Holbo 1989, Holbo and Luvall 1989, Bishop et al. 2004). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-triangle-concept-that-illustrates-2dgnp0d5.png Figure 1. Schematic of the triangle concept that illustrates the relationships between temperature and vegetation within the overall perspective of NDVI, where t vegetated land cover and canopy density increases vertically, and the % of bare ground increases horizontally. The example here shows cover and vegetation decreases, there is a corresponding increase in bare ground and higher surface temperatures (Quattrochi and Luvall, 2009) algorithm is smaller than those with a functional relationship between surface temperature and NDVI. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-partitioning-of-surface-energy-fluxes-in-hubbard-wwg2q0ht.png Figure 2. Partitioning of surface energy fluxes in Hubbard Brook (Bormann and Likens 1978, lecture notes J. Kay) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fitting-beta-probability-distributions-to-observed-3ad5hr9w.png Figure 3. Fitting BETA probability distributions to observed frequency distributions. (Holbo and Luvall 1989). https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-interruption-performance-of-ultrahigh-pressure-free-1oh0760tgb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-circuit-parameters-and-the-calculated-current-31uwnb0c.png Table 1. Circuit parameters and the calculated current steepness and IRRRV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-to-re-ignition-as-a-function-of-irrrv-at-xom2mhsm.png Fig. 4. Time to re-ignition as a function of IRRRV at different gas filling pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-re-ignition-voltage-as-a-function-of-irrrv-at-3b1c3nl9.png Fig. 5. Re-ignition voltage as a function of IRRRV at different gas filling pressures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-measured-arc-voltage-and-current-waveform-near-cz-for-34z7rkjm.png Fig. 6. Measured arc voltage and current waveform near CZ for different filling pressures at two different IRRRV settings. (a) IRRRV is 9.8 V/µs. (b) IRRRV is 43 V/µs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-electrical-setup-consisting-of-a-resonant-circuit-to-jbd83bh6.png Fig. 1. Electrical setup consisting of a resonant circuit to generate the arc current and a TRV shaping part. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-photos-of-lab-setup-a-electrical-components-b-arcing-1on3kbtl.png Fig. 2. Photos of lab setup. (a) Electrical components. (b) Arcing chamber. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-measured-arc-voltage-and-arc-current-for-atmospheric-3g08jffn.png Fig. 3. Measured arc voltage and arc current for atmospheric pressure nitrogen arc with an arc peak current of 130 A and an IRRRV of 9.8 V/µs. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-loss-of-high-q-antennas-in-time-domain-vs-frequency-13e9fu6auf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-tds-and-fds-global-mesh-parameters-15oir0wj.png TABLE II TDS AND FDS GLOBAL MESH PARAMETERS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-losses-of-high-q-antenna-in-tds-and-fds-with-3sh2uhb9.png TABLE V LOSSES OF HIGH-Q ANTENNA IN TDS AND FDS WITH INCREASED ACCURACY. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-losses-of-extremely-high-q-antenna-in-tds-fds-and-1rgrgi1p.png TABLE VI LOSSES OF EXTREMELY HIGH-Q ANTENNA IN TDS, FDS AND MEASUREMENT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-losses-of-high-q-antenna-in-tds-fds-and-measurement-morqzny8.png TABLE IV LOSSES OF HIGH-Q ANTENNA IN TDS, FDS AND MEASUREMENT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-losses-of-low-q-antenna-in-tds-fds-and-measurement-16tvo9v3.png TABLE III LOSSES OF LOW-Q ANTENNA IN TDS, FDS AND MEASUREMENT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-s-parameters-of-the-three-antennas-where-s11-is-for-2c7t1fxi.png Fig. 2. S-parameters of the three antennas, where S11 is for the low-Q antenna, S22 is for high-Q antenna and S33 is for extremely high-Q antenna. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-antenna-on-pcb-with-three-different-heights-h-where-28yw1xv3.png Fig. 1. Antenna on PCB with three different heights (h), where low-Q antenna has h=13 mm, high-Q antenna has h=2 mm and extremely high-Q antenna has h=1 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-unloaded-and-loaded-q-of-the-low-q-high-q-and-1j3ffrlc.png TABLE I UNLOADED AND LOADED Q OF THE LOW-Q, HIGH-Q AND EXTREMELY HIGH-Q ANTENNAS. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-mismatches-explain-how-climate-change-and-infectious-w31dyw2s31 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-time-dependent-cox-proportional-hazards-2qeoouky.png Table 1. Results of time-dependent cox-proportional hazards model predicting extinction with a 307 four-way interaction between log-transformed range size, long-term mean temperature 308 (40yr.meantemp), annual mean temperature (meantemp), and recent temperature shift 309 (tempchange) across both extinct and extant Atelopus spp. Mortality probability based on Bd 310 growth in culture (culturemortprob), log-transformed altitude (logaltitude) and a measure of 311 temperature variability (log-transformed AVMD, absolute value of monthly difference in 312 temperature) were also included. Bolded lines represent tests of the thermal mismatch 313 hypothesis. 314 https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-morphological-and-mechanical-properties-of-ethyl-1vlecusgc6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dsc-data-obtained-by-analyzing-the-free-ethyl-2i0yj25r.png Table 2 DSC data obtained by analyzing the free ethyl vanillin, PVA nanofibrous films, and PVA/ethyl vanillin nanofibrous films https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-electrospinning-process-24djmd4w.png Fig. 1 Schematic of electrospinning process https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-tg-curves-of-the-free-ethyl-vanillin-dashed-line-pva-1fkbug1e.png Fig. 8 TG curves of the free ethyl vanillin (dashed line), PVA nanofibrous film (dark line), and PVA/ethyl vanillin nanofibrous films (gray line) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-morphology-and-fibers-diameter-distribution-histograms-18pgimnu.png Fig. 2 Morphology and fibers diameter distribution histograms for the electrospun PVA film without ethyl vanillin A and film with immobilized flavor B https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-of-the-free-ethyl-vanillin-143cgj5k.png Fig. 4 X-ray diffraction patterns of the free ethyl vanillin A, PVA nanofibrous film B and PVA/ethyl vanillin nanofibrous films C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dsc-curve-of-the-free-ethyl-vanillin-a-wgerzdtj.png Fig. 5 DSC curve of the free ethyl vanillin A https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dsc-curve-of-the-pva-nanofibrous-films-b-1ldojam0.png Fig. 6 DSC curve of the PVA nanofibrous films B https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-dsc-curve-of-the-pva-ethyl-vanillin-nanofibrous-films-1r0dm3s2.png Fig. 7 DSC curve of the PVA/ethyl vanillin nanofibrous films C https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-neutron-computed-tomography-of-soil-water-and-plant-51o4166eew 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-two-vertical-slices-of-root-experiment-a-and-b-at-32rgyvss.png Fig. 8. (a) Two vertical slices of root experiment (A and B) at different positions through the three-dimensional data, showing the location of each transect taken across each image (1–8), and (b) plots of volumetric water content (θ) vs. length (L) for Transects 1 through 8. Dashed line box indicates 1-mm root. Transects begin on the left and end on the right of the root. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-plan-and-three-dimensional-view-of-aluminum-sample-1sbaxkx8.png Fig. 2. (a) Plan and three-dimensional view of aluminum sample holder with Column 1 through 10 in the direction of the incident neutron beam (straight arrow) and the curved arrow indicating the direction of rotation; (b) with Oso Flaco sand and mixtures of Oso Flaco sand with 100% D2O and 50:50 D2O/H2O mixture with volumetric water content range between 0.10 and 0.46 m3 m−3; and (c) with fi ve columns of Oso Flaco sand and 100% H2O mixtures for volumetric water content values ranging between 0.00 and 0.14 m3 m −3. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-performance-of-a-solar-assisted-horizontal-ground-3cf91lu59s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-thermophysical-properties-of-materials-utilized-3c1fs6z0.png Table 2 Thermophysical properties of materials utilized within HGHE storage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3d-schematic-diagram-of-the-soil-backfilled-hghe-pb79441f.png Figure. 5: 3D schematic diagram of the soil backfilled HGHE storage (Dimensions in mm) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematic-diagram-of-plan-elevation-of-soil-filled-d5wu7ncf.png Figure. 6: Schematic diagram of plan elevation of soil filled HGHE (Dimensions in mm) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-schematic-diagram-of-long-side-elevation-of-soil-1szjc04d.png Figure. 7: Schematic diagram of long side elevation of soil filled HGHE (Dimensions in mm) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-construction-properties-of-the-test-room-2q7whkpz.png Table 4 The construction properties of the test room https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-temperature-vs-time-results-for-gravel-gr-filled-1vibvxo7.png Figure. 14: Temperature vs. time results for gravel (GR) filled HGHEs with an output flowrate of 0.1 L/min https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-temperature-vs-time-results-for-gravel-gr-filled-rrt8u28b.png Figure. 12: Temperature vs. time results for gravel (GR) filled HGHEs with an output flowrate of 0.4 L/min https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-temperature-vs-time-results-for-sand-lb-filled-3h4jpqpf.png Figure. 13: Temperature vs. time results for sand (LB) filled HGHEs with an output flowrate of 0.1 L/min https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-performance-and-entropy-generation-analysis-of-a-2xvzksyh78 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-contours-showing-receiver-temperature-distribution-for-3q0pgt19.png Fig. 9. Contours showing receiver temperature distribution for a parabolic trough system with CR=113, θr=80 0 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-heat-transfer-performance-as-a-function-of-reynolds-1mepidkn.png Fig. 11. Heat transfer performance as a function of Reynolds number and nanoparticle volume fraction. (a) 400 K, (b) 500 K and (c) 600 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-total-entropy-generation-rate-as-a-function-of-p2dzdpm3.png Fig. 17. Total entropy generation rate as a function of Reynolds number and nanoparticle volume fraction (a) Tinlet = 400K, (b) 500 K, and (c) 600 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-validation-of-receiver-heat-transfer-and-fluid-txt67thv.png Fig. 4. Validation of receiver heat transfer and fluid friction performance for the case of ϕ = 0%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-present-study-nusselt-number-with-1gj8x3ea.png Fig. 5. Comparison of present study Nusselt number with literature for ϕ = 6%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-average-absorber-tube-temperature-as-a-function-of-2d37pa3y.png Fig. 14. Average absorber tube temperature as a function of Reynolds number and nanoparticle volume fraction (a) Tinlet = 400 K, and (b) Tinlet =600 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-present-study-friction-factor-with-k6ifnvwb.png Fig. 6. Comparison of present study friction factor with literature for ϕ = 4%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-bejan-number-as-a-function-of-reynolds-number-and-3soyr8o0.png Fig. 16. Bejan number as a function of Reynolds number and nanoparticle volume fraction at (a) Tinlet = 450 K, and (b) Tinlet = 550 K. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-properties-and-transition-studies-of-multi-wall-3o6cfrmxgc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-thermal-conductivity-and-b-heat-capacity-per-unit-3pe288rh.png Fig. 3 - (a) Thermal conductivity and (b) heat capacity per unit volume of Pcomposite (□) and nylon-6 (○) measured on heating at 0.8 GPa. The dashed red lines in (a) are linear fits of data below and above the slope change of the curve, which is associated with Tg. The dashed red lines in (b) represent linear fits below Tg. 3. Results and discussion 3.1. Glass transition behavior of nylon-6 and MWCNT/nylon-6 composite Nylon-6 is known to show only weak or no changes in properties at its glass transition temperature (Tg) which occurs near 325 K for dry nylon-6 [19]. But we have recently reported a rather distinct change in κ(T) at Tg of 319.6 K for (commercial) nylon-6 [14], for which κ changes from increasing below Tg to decreasing above. This Tg feature is typical for polymers [20] and made it possible to establish the pressure induced change of Tg for nylon-6. Fig. 3 shows that the same behavior occurs for 2.1 wt% P- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-afm-image-of-p-mwcnt-nylon-6-composite-a-height-image-11awqe36.png Fig. 2 - AFM image of P-MWCNT/Nylon-6 composite: (a) height image, (b) amplitude image (scale bar is 1 µm). The insert (c) is a TEM image of the purified PMWCNTs (scale bar is 200 nm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-kapitza-resistance-plotted-against-temperature-for-27pr3ll6.png Fig. 6 - (a) Kapitza resistance plotted against temperature for the (□) P-composite at 0.07 GPa. (b) Kapitza resistance plotted against pressure at 298 K for: (□) Pcomposite and (∆) F-composite. (c) Thermal conductivity plotted against pressure at 298 K before (open symbols) and after (filled symbols) HP&HT treatment for: (□,■) P-composite, (∆) F-composites and (○,●) nylon-6. The red dashed line shows a range where the data have been omitted due to influences by a transition in Teflon (sample cell material). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-thermal-conductivity-and-b-heat-capacity-per-unit-2t6ml60e.png Fig. 7 - (a) Thermal conductivity and (b) heat capacity per unit volume plotted against time during treatment at 530 K and 1.0 GPa: (■) P-composite and (●) nylon-6. The slow change of the properties indicates a sluggish cold-crystallization transition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-glass-transition-temperature-plotted-against-pressure-r2dogguy.png Fig. 4 - Glass transition temperature plotted against pressure: (□) P-composite, (∆) F-composite, (○) nylon-6 and (●) commercial nylon-6 from Ref 14. The dashed lines for P-composite and nylon-6 represents fitted functions (Eq. 1). Probe failure prevented Tg measurements of the F-composite above 0.5 GPa. The results for Tg(p) of the two composites and nylon-6 (Fig. 4), which were extracted from the results for κ(T), follow about the same pressure dependence. Considering the uncertainly in the determination of Tg, these seem shifted by roughly a constant temperature difference. Both the P- and F-composites show higher Tg than our synthesized nylon-6. In particular, Tg of the F-composite is in average shifted to ~10 K higher temperatures than that of the P-composite and by ~25 K compared to our synthesized nylon-6. The changes of Tg with pressure are described well by the empirical equation [24]: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-plot-of-the-high-pressure-setup-1ighjddo.png Fig. 1 - Schematic plot of the high-pressure setup https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-degree-of-crystallinity-calculated-from-cdsc-1zp3hz9l.png Table 1 - Average degree of crystallinity calculated from CDSC and CWAXD results (see experimental). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-c-thermal-conductivity-and-b-d-heat-capacity-per-1cbts5of.png Fig. 5 - (a, c) Thermal conductivity and (b, d) heat capacity per unit volume measured on heating at 0.07 GPa and 1.0 GPa before (open symbols) and after (filled symbols) HP&HT treatment at 1.0 GPa and 530 K: (□,■) P-composite, and (○,●) nylon-6. The dashed red lines in (a) and (c) are linear fits of data below and above the slope change of the curve, which is associated with Tg. The lines in (b) and (d) represent linear fits below Tg. After HP&HT treatment at 1 GPa and 530 K (see experimental), the Tg features of the Pcomposite and nylon-6 vanished. (Several failures of the probe during the treatment of the F-composite prevented the study of its HP&HT treated state.) That is, the distinct change in dκ/dT could not be observed and the slope of ρcp remained unchanged on heating (Fig. 5). This is the same results as found previously for commercial nylon-6, which was established as due to a reduced amorphous fraction [14]. That is, the vanishing https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-risks-from-led-and-high-intensity-qth-curing-units-4czivi8ikg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-temperature-changes-degc-observed-in-the-restored-2nbp9a1w.png Figure 5. Temperature changes (°C) observed in the restored specimen after 20 s exposure to the Freelight 2. The external temperature is shown on the upper curve, the internal temperature is shown on the middle curve. The bottom curve shows the temperature in the water bath. Arrows indicate the end of exposure to light. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at www.interscience. wiley.com.] https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-temperature-rise-sd-induced-by-curing-lights-ir-3kr89mhu.png TABLE III. Temperature Rise ( SD) Induced by Curing Lights, IR Measurements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-ir-image-shows-that-light-curing-with-astralis-39f0jagg.png Figure 7. The IR image shows that light curing with Astralis 10 for 20 s increased the external temperature of the tooth by 9.1°C (from 31.2°C to 40.3°C) and the internal temperature by 4.2°C (from 31.2°C to 35.4°C). The highest temperature measured in the composite material was 46.6°C. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at www.interscience.wiley.com.] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-set-up-used-for-2uys9yh8.png Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the set up used for temperature measurements with thermocouples. The perfused tooth (0.09 g/L NaCl) was cemented to an acrylic base and placed over a thermally regulated water bath. The distance between the tip of the light-curing unit (1) and the restorative material was constant (2 mm). The external temperature rise during the polymerization of the composite was measured with a thermocouple secured at the bottom of the cavity (2). The thermocouple located inside the pulp chamber (3) was used to monitor internal temperature changes during light curing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-diagram-set-up-for-the-ir-camera-jigfcty7.png Figure 2. Schematic diagram set up for the IR camera measurement of the tooth temperature. The IR camera (1) is located perpendicular to the tooth section (2) which is placed 2 mm above the water level. The radiation shield (3) was used to limit the radiation from the light guide only on the input face of the composite. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-temperature-rise-sd-induced-by-curing-lights-1ms57dzw.png TABLE II. Temperature Rise ( SD) Induced by Curing Lights, Thermocouple Measurements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-temperature-changes-degc-observed-in-the-restored-3kevq1a1.png Figure 4. Temperature changes (°C) observed in the restored specimen after 20 s exposure to the Swiss Master light. The external temperature is shown on the upper curve, the internal temperature is shown on the middle curve. The bottom curve shows the temperature in the water bath. Arrows indicate the end of exposure to light. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at www.interscience.wiley.com.] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-temperature-changes-degc-observed-in-the-restored-1pgudejy.png Figure 3. Temperature changes (°C) observed in the restored specimen after 20 s exposure to the Astralis 10. The external temperature is shown on the upper curve, the internal temperature is shown on the middle curve. The bottom curve shows the temperature in the water bath. Arrows indicate the end of exposure to light. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at www.interscience. wiley.com.] https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-reactions-on-the-cl-terminated-sige-1-0-0-surface-1r8digc8je 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-si-2p-core-level-photoemission-spectra-for-the-2ma2lmnp.png Fig. 2. The Si 2p core-level photoemission spectra ( ) for the SiGe(1 0 0)-2 1 surface, and the same surface after Cl2 saturation followed by annealing at various temperatures. To eliminate the band bending effect, the relative binding energy for Si 2p refers to the corresponding Ge 3d5=2 line of the B component in Fig. 1. The curves show the overall fits (––) and the decomposition into SiCl and SiCl2 components. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ge-3d-core-level-photoemission-spectra-for-the-ge-1-0-23h0bptt.png Fig. 1. Ge 3d core-level photoemission spectra ( ) for the Ge(1 0 0)-2 1 surface; the SiGe(1 0 0) alloy surface obtained by depositing 12-ML of Si at 730 K, and the same surface after Cl2 saturation followed by annealing at various temperatures. The solid curves are fits to the spectra. The curves labeled B, S, and GeCl are the results of decomposition of the spectra into contributions from bulk, surface, and GeCl species, respectively. The energy zero refers the 3d5=2 bulk position for the Ge(1 0 0)-2 1 surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cl-2p-core-level-photoemission-spectra-for-the-1t2r2s8k.png Fig. 3. Cl 2p core-level photoemission spectra ( ) for the Clterminated SiGe(1 0 0)-2 1 surface after annealing at various temperatures. The relative binding energy refers to the corresponding Ge 3d5=2 line of the B component in Fig. 1. The curves show the overall fits (––) and their decomposition into the Cls and Clg components. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-properties-of-aloe-vera-powder-and-rheology-of-ubw7tbzcll 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-viscosity-of-aloe-solutions-prepared-from-powder-ar6o704i.png Table 2. Viscosity of aloe solutions prepared from powder compared to native gel (mPa·s). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-rheological-models-for-aloe-solutions-prepared-from-3hadpf6n.png Figure 6. Rheological models for aloe solutions prepared from (a) freeze‐dried, (b) spray‐dried, and (c) RW‐dried aloe compared to (d) native aloe solu‐ tion containing 0.15 g aloe solids g‐1 water. At least three analytical replicates were run at each temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effect-of-temperature-on-viscosity-of-fresh-aloe-280jqlmw.png Figure 7. Effect of temperature on viscosity of fresh aloe vera extract and solutions reconstituted from freeze‐dried (FD), Refractance Window‐ dried (RW), and spray‐dried (SD) aloe powder. All measurements were at 100 s‐1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-change-in-viscosity-of-aloe-vera-fresh-gel-and-that-15ps8gtj.png Figure 8. Change in viscosity of aloe vera fresh gel and that of solutions prepared from from freeze‐dried (FD), Refractance Window‐dried (RW), and spray‐dried (SD) powders. All measurements were at shear rate of 100 s‐1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-effect-of-maltodextrin-addition-at-a-1-and-b-5-of-3sdxnu19.png Figure 9. Effect of maltodextrin addition at (a) 1% and (b) 5% of aloe polymer solids fraction on specific viscosity of aloe solutions reconstituted from freeze‐dried (FD), spray‐dried (SD) and Refractance Window‐dried (RW) powders. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-total-and-reversed-heat-flow-curves-for-a-1xvqyy4w.png Figure 1. Typical total and reversed heat flow curves for (a) spray‐dried, (b) freeze‐dried, and (c) RW‐dried aloe powders indicating onset, midpoint, and endpoint of glass transition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-glass-transition-temperature-and-enthalpy-change-for-3ikqtw1p.png Table 1. Glass transition temperature and enthalpy change for aloe vera with different amounts of maltodextrin (MD). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-maltodextrin-and-drying-method-on-tg-of-i439f848.png Figure 3. Effect of maltodextrin and drying method on Tg of aloe powder. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-spectral-and-afm-studies-of-calcium-silicate-hydrate-3kzmt9kmks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measured-thermal-conductivities-of-c-s-h-c-s-hpn-13fixavs.png Table 1 Measured thermal conductivities of C–S–H, C–S–HPN material and PVA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-afm-micrographs-of-c-s-h-c-s-hpn-material-and-pva-2dc45y3j.png Fig. 3 AFM micrographs of C–S–H, C–S–HPN material and PVA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-13c-cp-nmr-spectra-of-c-s-hpn-material-csh-pva-0-7-0-gk27hlg0.png Fig. 1 13C CP NMR spectra of C–S–HPN material (CSH–PVA (0.7–0.15)) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-29si-mas-nmr-spectra-of-c-s-hpn-material-csh-pva-0-7-0-ix74mlce.png Fig. 2 29Si MAS NMR spectra of C–S–HPN material (CSH–PVA (0.7–0.15)) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-thermal-analysis-data-for-c-s-h-pva-and-c-3mi2rgue.png Table 2 Summary of thermal analysis data for C–S–H, PVA and C–S–HPN materials https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tg-curves-of-c-s-h-pva-and-c-s-hpn-material-with-1ze4f9q6.png Fig. 4 TG curves of C–S–H, PVA and C–S–HPN material with different polymer contents https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dta-curves-of-c-s-h-pva-and-c-s-hpn-material-pva-0-15-1ryzmyvf.png Fig. 5 DTA curves of C–S–H, PVA and C–S–HPN material (PVA=0.15 g/g Ca salt) https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-stabilisation-of-poly-vinyl-chloride-by-organotin-2rhybeqmtf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ir-spectrum-of-lsn117-8fk0pgaw.png Fig. 2. IR spectrum of LSN117. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-edx-analysis-of-pvc-dop-and-pvc-film-with-lsn117-1yrsf4pq.png Table 1 EDX analysis of PVC-DOP and PVC film with LSN117 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-pvc-thermomat-ulz5uysu.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the PVC Thermomat. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-tensile-strength-and-elongation-at-break-of-pvc-film-1kra0q4h.png Fig. 8. Tensile strength and elongation at break of PVC film with LSN117. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-arrhenius-curve-for-finding-activation-energy-and-153go41s.png Fig. 6. Arrhenius curve for finding activation energy and preexponential factor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-hcl-removal-from-films-heated-at-140-c-and-160-c-1-pvc-3oopsd3g.png Fig. 7. HCl removal from films heated at 140 C and 160 C; (1) PVC without LSN117 at 160 C; (2) PVC without LSN117 at 140 C; (3) PVC with LSN117 at 160 C; (4) PVC with LSN117 at 140 C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-absorbances-at-1580-cm-1-and-1600-cm-1-peaks-of-dop-1glm6y4o.png Table 2 Absorbances at 1580 cm 1 and 1600 cm 1 peaks of DOP in PVCLSN117 films for different heating temperatures and periods https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tga-curves-for-1-pvc-film-with-lsn117-2-dop-liquid-3-204gbuf7.png Fig. 4. TGA curves for (1) PVC film with LSN117, (2) DOP liquid, (3) control PVC-DOP film without LSN. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-stability-of-biochar-and-its-effects-on-cadmium-gm8an0852l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-zeta-potential-of-biochar-and-activated-carbon-samples-1tgq8qni.png Fig 1. Zeta potential of biochar and activated carbon samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-biochar-and-ac-samples-3gdfaqp0.png Table 1. Characteristics of biochar and AC samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-sorption-isotherm-models-for-biochars-2u8lfsf7.png Table 2. Parameters of sorption isotherm models for biochars and AC https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameters-of-sorption-kinetics-models-for-biochars-3ukge5iq.png Table 3. Parameters of sorption kinetics models for biochars and AC https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-stability-of-ag-exchanged-clinoptilolite-rich-kj04f9n0hl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-dehydration-behavior-dta-of-ag-exchanged-3llnwcaq.png Table 6 Dehydration behavior (DTA) of Ag-exchanged clinoptilolite rich mineral https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tg-of-the-ag-exchanged-minerals-exchanged-in-a-3sa4bfnd.png Fig. 4 TG of the Ag-exchanged minerals exchanged in a – waterbath, b – microwave (top to bottom: 80, 60 and 40°C of exchange) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dta-of-the-ag-exchanged-minerals-exchanged-in-a-23903bcv.png Fig. 5 DTA of the Ag-exchanged minerals exchanged in a – waterbath, b – microwave (top to bottom: 80, 60 and 40°C of exchange) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ftir-of-the-ag-exchanged-minerals-in-comparison-with-3eehfohx.png Fig. 6 FTIR of the Ag-exchanged minerals in comparison with Na-form mineral exchanged in a – waterbath, https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-particle-size-ranges-of-clinoptilolite-rich-mineral-3itgaoz2.png Table 1 Particle size ranges of clinoptilolite rich mineral https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chemical-composition-of-clinoptilolite-rich-mineral-c3dc4vbp.png Table 2 Chemical composition of clinoptilolite rich mineral https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dehydration-behavior-dta-of-clinoptilolite-rich-1mes333g.png Table 4 Dehydration behavior (DTA) of clinoptilolite rich mineral https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-clinoptilolite-rich-mineral-a-xrd-pattern-b-sem-31j8ow0w.png Fig. 1 Clinoptilolite rich mineral a – XRD pattern, b – SEM https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-stability-of-mo-au-bilayers-for-tes-applications-9s2ojfvy3x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-quantification-eels-profiles-along-the-mo-vv2yxerr.png Figure 5: Quantification EELS profiles along the Mo/Si3N4interface for an as-deposited 50/30 nm Mo/Au bilayer (Left) and for a 50/30 nm Mo/Au bilayer after heating the sample at 300 ˝C for 30 minutes (Right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rpt-q-measurement-of-a-sample-before-and-after-10eacsqn.png Figure 2: RpT q measurement of a sample before and after being heated at 200 ˝C for 480 min and 960 min. Inset displays variation in RRR and TC as a function of the annealing time for samples heated at 200 ˝C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-variation-in-rrr-and-tc-as-a-function-of-the-2sdwvm6b.png Figure 1: Variation in RRR and TC as a function of the annealing temperature (∆RRR “ RRR after annealing ´ RRR prior to annealing and ∆TC “ TC, after annealing ´ TC, prior to annealing). All samples were heated for 30 minutes. Inset displays R(T) measurement of a sample prior (˛) and after (˛) being heated at 200 ˝C for 30 minutes together with its control sample (‚ and ˝). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-quantification-eels-profiles-along-the-mo-au-2drem0sm.png Figure 4: Quantification EELS profiles along the Mo/Au interface for an as-deposited 50/30 nm Mo/Au bilayer (Left) and for a 50/30 nm Mo/Au bilayer after heating the sample to 300 ˝C for 30 minutes (Right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-cross-section-tem-image-of-a-50-30-nm-mo-au-1g2sagts.png Figure 3: (a) Cross-section TEM image of a 50/30 nm Mo/Au bilayer before being heated at 300 ˝C for 30 minutes. (b) Cross-section TEM image of a 50/30 nm Mo/Au bilayer after being heated at 300 ˝C for 30 minutes. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-stress-and-predation-risk-trigger-distinct-15k53cxh20 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gene-annotations-of-differentially-expressed-3jnu25cz.png Table 1. Gene annotations of differentially expressed transcripts in snails exposed to elevated 364 temperature (thermal stress) and predation risk (predation risk). n values in parentheses indicate 365 that multiple differentially expressed transcripts annotated to this gene, and in these cases, we 366 report the range of P-values found. 367 https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-study-of-zro2-nanoparticles-effect-of-heating-and-jlbdm1hq7a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tem-image-of-zro2-from-synthesis-a-fe-sem-images-of-25uhr7qx.png Fig. 2. TEM image of ZrO2 from synthesis (a); FE-SEM images of ZrO2 at the end of the first thermal cycle (b) and the third thermal cycle (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tg-dta-of-zro2-between-30-and-1000-degc-a-30-1300-650-2j2ezocm.png Fig. 1. TG-DTA of ZrO2 between 30 and 1000 °C (a) 30-1300-650-1300-650-1300 °C (b) and magnification of thermal events: endothermic m→ t transition (b) and exothermic t → m transition (c). https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-stress-flow-analysis-in-fabrication-of-acetabular-56jnqm3uey 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-process-stopping-line-3kd761uu.png Figure 5: Process stopping line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-curvature-on-surface-element-30etm886.png Figure 4: Mean curvature on surface element. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fabrication-process-containing-cad-and-cam-28m2timn.png Figure 3: Fabrication process containing CAD and CAM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-slm-system-parameters-330mr0ns.png Table 1: SLM SYSTEM PARAMETERS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ti-6al-4v-powdered-for-slm-2f48dqcl.png Figure 2: Ti-6Al-4V powdered for SLM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-designed-acetabular-shell-using-solidworks-software-2ugbc43q.png Figure 1: Designed acetabular shell using SolidWorks software. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-tomography-of-asteroid-surface-structure-4snol3jvia 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-used-in-figs-3-and-4-1yrzngse.png Table 1 Data used in Figs. 3 and 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-thermal-inertia-versus-skin-depth-the-datasets-are-3fy1f5l0.png Figure 8: Thermal inertia versus skin depth. The datasets are those used for Figs. 5 and 7. In the case of the MBAs Γ, from the NEATM-based thermal-inertia estimator, is plotted for bulk density values of 1000 kg m-3 (open blue circles) and 3000 kg m-3 (filled red circles), assuming c = 680 J kg-1K-1; error bars have been omitted for clarity (see caption to Fig. 5). The continuous lines represent the envelope of the data set for ρ = 3000 kg m-3. The dashed horizontal line at Γ = 2500 J m-2s-0.5K-1 represents the thermal inertia of solid rock. The NEO data of Fig. 7 (from thermophysical modeling) are superimposed (black points with error bars), taking c = 680 J kg-1 K-1 and ρ = 3000 kg m-3. Note that values of thermal inertia can be converted to thermal conductivity by substitution of the assumed values of ρ and c in the expression κ = Γ2/ρc; for reference, taking ρ = 2000 kg m-3, c = 680 J kg-1K-1, the values of thermal conductivity corresponding to dusty lunar-like regolith (~50 J m-2s-0.5K-1) and solid rock (~2500 J m-2s-0.5K-1) are 0.002 Wm-1K-1 and 5 Wm-1K-1, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-test-of-the-neatm-based-thermal-inertia-estimator-cbbq4o6m.png Figure 4: Test of the NEATM-based thermal-inertia estimator (Equation 2). Estimated values of thermal inertia, Γ [J m-2s-0.5K-1], are plotted against Γ derived by means of detailed thermophysical modeling. The data set excludes objects with Θ sinθ outside the range 0.75 – 3.5 (see text). The error bars on the y-axis result from the assumption of uncertainties in η of ± 20%. There is good agreement between the two sets of values over nearly 4 orders of magnitude in thermal inertia. As in Fig. 3 values of η for an object derived from independent sets of data are treated as separate values, thus some objects are represented by two data points. The RMS fractional deviation, (ΓTP - Γest)/ΓTP, is 40%, where ΓTP and Γest refer to thermal inertia derived from thermophysical modeling and thermal inertia estimated from η, respectively. See Table 1 for the data plotted and associated parameter values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-estimated-thermal-inertia-versus-rotation-period-3cxoq21b.png Figure 5: Estimated thermal inertia versus rotation period for MBAs. The NEATM-based thermal-inertia estimator (Equation 2) was used to estimate values of Γ from η values given in the WISE catalog of Masiero et al. (2011) for objects with known spin vectors (black points; note that the data set excludes objects with Θ sinθ outside the range 0.75 – 3.5, such as those with very low thermal inertia). There is a clear trend to higher values of thermal inertia for rotation period > 10 h. Error bars have been omitted for clarity. Uncertainties of ± 20% in the WISE η values result in a mean fractional uncertainty of ± 47% for the plotted thermal inertia values. The median diameter of the MBAs in the dataset is 24 km. Available thermal inertia values from detailed thermophysical modeling (Delbo’ et al. 2015) are superimposed for comparison (red points with error bars). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-normalized-e-versus-th-sinth-for-the-neos-in-the-38u4eiux.png Figure 3: Normalized η versus Θ sinθ for the NEOs in the compilation of Delbo’ et al. (2015), where Θ is the thermal parameter and θ the solar aspect angle. The data set used here includes only those objects for which robust η values could be obtained. The η values have been normalized to a solar phase angle of 50°, as explained in the text. The continuous thick line is a weighted linear best fit given by ηnorm = 0.74 + 0.38 x Θ sinθ; the dashed lines represent 1 σ deviations from the best fit. The red curve is indicative of the form of the theoretical dependence of η on Θ (it is not a formal fit). Independent measurements of η for the same object are included as separate data points. The dataset used is given in Table 1 (the fractional uncertainties in Θ sinθ derive from those in ΓTP). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-confirmation-that-there-is-a-general-decrease-in-e-b22a08oe.png Figure 2: Confirmation that there is a general decrease in η with decreasing solar aspect angle, θ. Plotted values of η (Masiero et al. 2011) are for MBAs with known spin vectors (outliers may be due to poor spin-axis determinations or η values). The horizontal line represents the median of the plotted η values. The red points and line trace the running weighted mean of the η values (in bins of 20 points). Note that no information on solar aspect angle is used in generating the η values published by the WISE project. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-e-versus-rotation-period-the-red-continuous-curve-3umye2n0.png Figure 6: η versus rotation period. The red continuous curve represents the expected relation between η and rotation period on the basis of a smooth-surface thermophysical model based on spherical geometry for a constant thermal inertia of 75 J m-2s-0.5K-1 (cf. Fig. 5). The η values have been normalized to a solar phase angle of 50°, as explained in the text. The curve is normalized at a rotation period of 4 h to η =1.37, the median value in the range 3.0 – 5.0 h. The horizontal line represents the median of the plotted η values. As rotation period increases the η values remain relatively high, consistent with increasing thermal inertia. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-thermal-inertia-j-m-2s-0-5k-1-versus-rotation-1xwsiaw6.png Figure 7: Thermal inertia (J m-2s-0.5K-1) versus rotation period for NEOs in the dataset of Delbo’ et al. (2015). As in the case of MBAs, slowly-rotating NEOs appear to be associated with higher values of thermal inertia (note: 54509 YORP, which has a very short rotation period of 0.20 h, is not shown in this plot). https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-transport-in-composites-of-self-assembled-nickel-kaoigfxn9o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-properties-for-each-sample-the-effective-3fth5oi4.png TABLE I. Summary of properties for each sample. The effective thermal conductivity of the Ni/YSZ composite layers is extracted with TDTR. The overall thermal conductivity of the nanocomposite is calculated using a series thermal model in conjunction with our measurements on YSZ and the Ni/YSZ composite layers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scanning-transmission-electron-micrographs-of-the-ni-2ral0gmy.png FIG. 1. Scanning transmission electron micrographs of the Ni/YSZ nanocomposites. Each sample consists of five layers of Ni nanoparticles separated by four YSZ spacer layers and they are grown on Si substrates with YSZ buffer and cap layers. The dimensions of the samples are given in Table I. Images a – d correspond to samples 1–4, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-interface-thermal-conductance-between-the-ni-1sx5s2t6.png FIG. 2. Interface thermal conductance between the Ni nanoparticles and the surrounding YSZ matrix as a function of Ni nanoparticle thermal conductivity. The solid lines are predictions from an effective medium theory for each sample with a Ni volume fraction of f = /6. The labels on the plot refer to the average diameter of the nickel nanoparticles in each sample. We find a lower limit for the Ni/YSZ interface thermal conductance of 170 MW m−2 K−1. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-weakening-of-cracks-and-brittle-ductile-transition-a-10saz3mexr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-steady-state-values-of-the-temperature-elevation-it-is-28rois2g.png FIG. 1. Steady-state values of the temperature elevation. It is obtained by solving Eq. (2) for a crack propagating at a constant velocity and for φG = 200 (plain plot) and 50 J m−2 (dotted plot). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representation-of-v-sg-v-for-three-values-of-g-gstop-1k1890xp.png FIG. 2. Representation of V = SG(V ) for three values of G: Gstop, Gaval (>Gstop) and the mid-value between Gstop and Gaval. The intersections of SG with the identity plot (straight line) give the possible crack velocities. They are denoted Vlow, Vmid, and Vhigh and are emphasized for the intermediate G plot. Vaval and Vstop are indicated on the two others plots. The dashed arrows indicate how off-balanced situations evolve to a stable fixed point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-geometry-for-the-numerical-simulations-of-qnllk1w1.png FIG. 5. Geometry for the numerical simulations of zerodimensional crack fronts overcoming a tough asperity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-numerical-simulations-for-a-crack-overcoming-an-3u1i8p9i.png FIG. 6. Numerical simulations for a crack overcoming an asperity as defined by the differential equation from (3) and (10) and for various Gca . La = 100 μm, vu = 120 μm s−1, h = 5 mm, and E = 3.2 GPa. The top plot is the crack advancement a(t ), the bottom one is the energy release rate G(t ). Thermal weakening is or is not triggered depending on the anomaly strength. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-solutions-for-the-crack-velocity-as-a-function-of-g-1986qo5v.png FIG. 4. Solutions for the crack velocity as a function of G and for various T0. The dashed lines show the (Vstop,Gstop) and (Vaval,Gaval) couples and converge to the critical point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-solutions-for-the-crack-velocity-as-a-function-of-g-18c3f6bn.png FIG. 3. Solutions for the crack velocity as a function of G for T0 = 293 K. All solutions in between Vstop and Vaval are unstable, any other point is a possible crack velocity. The arrows represent how a crack avalanches of slows down at the phase transition thresholds. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-tuning-of-infrared-resonant-absorbers-based-on-2ekbadeera 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tunable-ir-absorber-designs-the-schematic-1ejcgvcq.png FIG. 1. Tunable IR absorber designs. The schematic representations of grating (a) and cylinder (b) hybrid goldVO2 design, respectively. Relevant design parameters are indicated on the figures. (c) and (d) Scanning electron microscope images of the grating and cylindrical devices illustrated in (a) and (b), respectively. Scale bars correspond to 2 lm. Both of the images are acquired subsequent to gold deposition. (e) Focused ion beam crosssectional image of the grating design. The scale bar corresponds to 500 nm. The sample tilt is 45 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-at-2-6-lm-resonant-wavelength-3d-power-absorption-pabs-24xjohp0.png FIG. 4. At 2.6 lm resonant wavelength, 3D power absorption (Pabs) map of the g-design (a) at room temperature (i-VO2) and (b) at high temperature (m-VO2). At 2.3 lm resonant wavelength, 3D power absorption map of the c-design (c) at room temperature (i-VO2) and (d) at high temperature (m-VO2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-absorption-characteristics-of-the-cylinder-design-f86f3upy.png FIG. 3. The absorption characteristics of the cylinder design tunable IR absorber. (a) Simulated spectral absorption curves of gold/i-VO2 and gold/ m-VO2 composite structures, Inset: the unit cell used in calculations. (b) Measured spectral absorption curves of gold/i-VO2 and gold/m-VO2 composite structures. Inset: the SEM images of the measured structure. In both graphs, blue curve indicates i-VO2 (insulator state, room temperature) and the red curve indicates m-VO2 (metallic state, high temperature). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-absorption-characteristics-of-the-grating-design-2fns7g18.png FIG. 2. The absorption characteristics of the grating design tunable IR absorber. (a) and (b) Simulated spectral absorption curves of gold/i-VO2 and gold/m-VO2 composite structures, at perpendicular and parallel polarization relative to grating lines, respectively. Insets: Direction of the electric field vector in relation to the unit cell used in calculations. (c) and (d) Measured spectral absorption curves of gold/i-VO2 and gold/m-VO2 composite structures, at perpendicular and parallel polarization relative to grating lines, respectively. Insets: Direction of the electric field vector in relation to the SEM images of the respective structure. In all graphs, blue curve indicates the i-VO2 (insulator state, room temperature) and the red curve indicates the m-VO2 (metallic state, high temperature). https://scispace.com/papers/thermally-induced-mode-coupling-in-rare-earth-doped-fiber-4fys9djnvl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-power-threshold-24qno2hx.png Table 1. Power Threshold https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-coupling-constant-kh-for-lp01-lp11-1if6k5if.png Fig. 2. (Color online) Coupling constant χ for LP01 − LP11 coupling as a function of Δf for varying V and Rc 20 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-coupling-constant-kh-for-lp01-lp11-3d6ggy02.png Fig. 1. (Color online) Coupling constant χ for LP01 − LP11 coupling as a function of Δf for varying Rc and V 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-coupling-constant-kh-for-lp01-lp11-2omyljnv.png Fig. 3. (Color online) Coupling constant χ for LP01 − LP11 coupling as a function of Δf for varying RYb and Rc 20 μm, V 3. https://scispace.com/papers/thermally-induced-dynamics-in-ultrathin-magnetic-tunnel-29xi89jky1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-the-appearance-and-movement-of-nonpolar-3f1biceh.png FIG. 4. (Color online) (a) The appearance and movement of nonpolar stationary points when the temperature gradient increase on the (φ, θ ) plane, and (b) their θ angle position for T > 0. Apart from the two main equilibrium points (θ = 0, π ), six other equilibria (grouped in three pairs with period of φ=π ) have been found: two foci near the south pole (θ ≈ 3.11; φ≈π/2, 3/2π ), two saddles (θ ≈π/2; φ≈π/2, 3/2π ), and two foci located at θ ≈π/2; φ≈π , 2π . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-a-the-time-average-of-the-sz-component-19us2ica.png FIG. 5. (Color online) (a) The time average of the Sz component and (b) the first harmonic frequency with respect to T . Two types of precessional states, in-plane oscillations and out-of-plane oscillations, are presented in the insets I and II, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematic-model-junction-examined-in-this-3gnr5ecc.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Schematic model junction examined in this paper. Green arrows indicate two magnetization vectors in the fixed (L) and free (R) layers. Local coordinates in the free layer are rotated by the angle θ with respect to that of the fixed layer. A positive temperature gradient means that left electrode is hotter than the right one. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-the-evolution-of-the-spin-vector-v1smc1dy.png FIG. 6. (Color online) The evolution of the spin-vector trajectory in the (φ, θ ) (φ angle period equals 2π ) plane. Red points indicate saddle points. (a) The stable in-plane oscillations are visible. (b) The switching from the AP to the P state is presented. In (c) and (d), the inverse homoclinic bifurcation is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-critical-temperature-bias-calculated-for-regular-14cshqmf.png TABLE II. Critical temperature bias calculated for regular and skew (with parameters from first principles) thermal torques with the same amplitudes. The values in parentheses hold for negative T . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-a-and-b-homoclinic-bifurcation-for-2a5oliam.png FIG. 10. (Color online) (a) and (b) Homoclinic bifurcation for regular thermal torques. Blue lines indicate the free electrode magnetization’s motion on the φ-θ plane. Red points are the positions of the saddle points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-stability-diagram-for-equilibrium-31xzfjhg.png FIG. 3. (Color online) The stability diagram for equilibrium points (a) θ = 0 and (b) θ =π . The x and y axes are the in-plane and out-of-plane torque amplitudes h‖ and h⊥, respectively. The black dashed line indicates the thermal torque components with skewness coefficients derived from ab initio calculations for Fe|MgO(3ML)|Fe. T is changing from −100 K to +100 K for θ = 0 and from −60 K to 60 K for θ =π . Negative T means that the fixed electrode (polarizer) is cooler than the free one. An increase of T toward negative or positive values corresponds, respectively, to moving from the origin to the top left or bottom right corner of the diagram along the dotted black line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-angular-dependence-of-the-a-in-plane-and-2zvx9m75.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Angular dependence of the (a) in-plane and (b) out-of-plane torques induced by a temperature gradient T = 1 K applied over the MTJ under open-circuit conditions. The average temperature of the junction is T0 = 300 K. The barrier consists of three monolayers of MgO, corresponding to a thickness of 0.6 nm. Panel (a) shows, for comparison, a plot of the in-plane torques induced by an electric bias of 0.75 mV computed by first principles (Ref. 33). The MgO thickness and other parameters are the same. https://scispace.com/papers/thermally-induced-surface-instability-in-ion-implanted-id0jedklrf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-typical-xrd-2-scans-taken-from-mgxzn1-xo-21bcy34f.png FIG. 9. (Color online) Typical XRD 2 scans taken from MgxZn1−xO films implanted by 150 keV Er ions to 3 × 1016cm−2 and subjected to annealing at 800 ◦C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-random-open-symbols-and-channeling-closed-6sko8zxb.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Random (open symbols) and channeling (closed symbols) RBS spectra (acquired with 100◦ detector geometry) of (a) ZnO, (b) Mg0.1Zn0.9O, and (c) Mg0.3Zn0.7O implanted with 150 keV Er ions to 2 × 1015cm−2 and annealed at 800 and 900 ◦C for 30 min. The positions of Zn, Mg, O, and Er atoms at the film surface are indicated by corresponding arrows in panel (c). Dashed lines represent channeling spectra taken from as-grown samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-typical-xrd-2-scans-of-mg0-3zn0-7o-films-1o5kyeur.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Typical XRD 2 scans of Mg0.3Zn0.7O films implanted by 150 keV Er ions to 2 × 1015cm−2 before and after annealing at 900 ◦C in a vacuum. The XRD spectra of unimplanted samples annealed at 900 ◦C in vacuum and ambient oxygen are also shown for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-depth-profiles-extracted-from-toferda-2np808gz.png FIG. 2. (Color online) The depth profiles (extracted from ToFERDA spectra) of relative concentration of Zn, O, and Mg atoms in Mg0.3Zn0.7O (a) as-grown, (b) annealed at 900 ◦C, and (c) implanted with 150 keV Er ions to 2 × 1015cm−2 and subsequently annealed at 900 ◦C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-random-open-symbols-and-channeling-closed-dapqwa33.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Random (open symbols) and channeling (closed symbols) RBS spectra (acquired with 100◦ detector geometry) of (a) ZnO and (b) Mg0.3Zn0.7O films implanted with 150 keV Er+ ions to 3 × 1016cm−2 before and after annealing at 700 ◦C and 800 ◦C (shown for the Mg0.3Zn0.7O only). The dashed lines represent channeling spectra taken from as-grown samples. The positions of Zn, Mg, O, and Er at the film surface are indicated by corresponding arrows in panel (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-portions-of-random-rbs-spectra-acquired-15dipcjm.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Portions of random RBS spectra (acquired with 170◦ detector geometry) corresponding to the substrate/film depth range in (a) ZnO, (b) Mg0.1Zn0.9O, and (c) Mg0.3Zn0.7O samples implanted with 150 keV Er+ ions to 2 × 1015cm−2 and annealed at 800 and 900 ◦C. The positions of Al and Zn at the initial film/substrate interface are indicated in panel (b) by the arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-er-concentration-vs-depth-profiles-open-1rpwrnnc.png FIG. 8. (Color online) Er concentration vs depth profiles (open symbols) in ZnO implanted with 150 keV Er ions to different ion doses as indicated in the legend. The corresponding Er depth profiles predicted26 theoretically are shown by the dashed lines. The inset plots the substitutional fraction of Er atoms as a function of the implanted dose in the samples having different Mg content. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-surface-erosion-or-amount-of-the-material-1aocq9yy.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Surface erosion or amount of the material removed (a) in 800 ◦C annealed MgxZn1−xO as a function of ion dose and (b) in the MgxZn1−xO samples subjected to different processing as indicated in the legend as a function of the Mg content. https://scispace.com/papers/thermally-stable-and-electrically-conductive-vertically-3fpd9risbh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparative-electrical-conductivity-of-the-vsnnoy18.png Figure 6. Comparative electrical conductivity of the infiltrated VACNT-Si composites and VACNTs. (a, b) Room temperature I-V curves of (a) VACNTs and (b) infiltrated VACNT-Si composites. (c, d) Temperaturedependent electrical conductivity of (a) VACNTs and (b) infiltrated VACNT-Si composites. Insets in (c, d) show schematics of the device structures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-growth-and-characterization-of-vacnts-a-a-schematic-3r7fuv7l.png Figure 1. Growth and characterization of VACNTs. (a) A schematic of the fabrication process for VACNTSi composites. (b, c) SEM images of the as-grown (b) bulk and (c) patterned VACNTs using thermal CVD. Top insets in (b, c) show the corresponding photographs of actual samples, while the bottom inset in (b) displays an enlarged cross-sectional SEM image. (d) AFM topography of a typical dispersed single CNT. The inset in (d) shows the cross-sectional height profile along the yellow line. Scale bars: 1 mm for (b), 500 nm for the bottom inset of (b), 500 μm for (c), and 100 nm for (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fabrication-of-infiltrated-vacnt-si-composite-2f820tu4.png Figure 3. Fabrication of infiltrated VACNT-Si composite structures via thermal CVD. (a) Cross-sectional SEM image of VACNT-Si composites (Inset: top-view optical image). (b-d) Magnified SEM images shown in the dashed squares in (a) from top to bottom. (e) Typical Raman spectra for the VACNT-Si composites (black line) and SiO2/Si substrate (red line). Inset in (e) shows the Raman spectrum of the Si peak in VACNT-Si composites, where the black, red, and blue dotted lines correspond to the measured Raman https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-high-temperature-antioxidative-ability-of-the-vacnt-36k4y2m8.png Figure 4. High-temperature antioxidative ability of the VACNT-ceramic composite structures. (a) Optical image of a patterned noninfiltrated VACNT-GaN composite sample prepared by laser-assisted CVD. (b-d) Typical SEM images of VACNT-GaN cubes after oxidation in air at (b) 600, (c) 700, and (d) 800 °C for 5 min. (e) Optical image of an infiltrated VACNT-Si composite sample prepared by thermal CVD. (f-h) Typical SEM images of VACNT-Si cubes after oxidation in air at (f) 800, (g) 1000, and (h) 1100 °C for 5 min. (i) Raman spectra of VACNT-Si cubes after oxidation in air at different temperatures. (j, k) Top-view SEM images of oxidized infiltrated VACNT-Si composites (j) before and (k) after etching treatments in 1 wt.% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. (l) Typical Raman spectra for oxidized infiltrated VACNT-Si composites before (red line) and after (black line) etching treatments. Inset in (l) shows the magnified Raman spectra from 1100 to 1800 cm-1. Scale bars: 100 μm for (b-d, f-h) and 2 μm for (j, k). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fabrication-of-noninfiltrated-vacnt-si-composite-3j81bbq0.png Figure 2. Fabrication of noninfiltrated VACNT-Si composite structures via laser-assisted CVD. (a, b) Optical images of as-prepared bulk VACNT-Si composites: (a) top view and (b) cross-sectional view. (c) Cross-sectional SEM image of the VACNT-Si composites. (d-f) Magnified SEM images shown in dashed squares in (c) from top to bottom. (g) Statistical results of the coverage of Si coating distributed on VACNTs from the top surface to the inside. (h) Raman mapping characterization of the cross-sectional area of a noninfiltrated VACNT-Si composite structure. From left to right in (h): optical image, G band (~1580 cm -1) intensity mapping, Si peak (~520 cm-1) intensity mapping, and full width at half maximum (FWHM) mapping for Si peak. Scale bars: 10 μm for (c), 200 nm for (d-f), and 10 μm for (h). https://scispace.com/papers/thermally-tunable-bandgaps-in-a-hybrid-as2s3-silica-photonic-10av38lxcf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-set-up-and-the-near-field-profile-of-b2zttwke.png Figure 2. Experimental set-up and the near-field profile of the fundamental guided mode showing that a certain fraction of the light is guided in the high index films. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-sem-image-of-the-hybrid-chalcogenide-silica-pcf-b-2hu8ruvx.png Figure 1. (a) SEM image of the hybrid chalcogenide/silica PCF (b) Angled cleaved end-facet of the fiber showing the cladding holes of the fiber having thin chalcogenide films. (c) EDX spectrum clearly indicating the presence of As and S lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-transmission-spectra-of-the-as2s3-silica-pcf-as-205qtcxl.png Figure 3. (a) Transmission spectra of the As2S3/silica PCF as the temperature increases from 22˚C to 70˚C. (b) Transmission spectra of the same fiber sample as the temperature decreases from 70˚C to 22˚C. (c) Bandgap red-edge shift vs. temperature over a full cycle for the transmission window at 1300 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/thermo-optical-limitations-on-high-average-power-dye-lasers-2g3l8nplai 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-2z922sr2.png FIGURE 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3qx6iinn.png FIGURE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-l1jq08lp.png FIGURE 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2vqnnmwg.png FIGURE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-5q3n21pu.png FIGURE 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-28dgz9nb.png FIGURE 5 https://scispace.com/papers/thermoacclimation-and-genome-adaptation-of-the-membrane-5311nj5fy7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-genome-screening-for-putative-lipid-desaturase-genes-a06jbb4a.png Table 1: Genome screening for putative lipid desaturase genes in 53 marine Synechococcus and 919 Cyanobium genomes, ordered by sub-clusters and phylogenetic clades. Cells filled with grey indicate 920 the presence of one gene copy in the genome. Absence of color indicates that no orthologous gene 921 was found in the genome. 922 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-variations-in-the-acyl-chains-esterified-at-the-two-22z33d6y.png Figure 2: Variations in the acyl chains esterified at the two glycerol positions of the four membrane 927 glycerolipids, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), 928 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) of Synechococcus sp. WH7803 929 acclimated to a range of temperatures (see also Table S2). The left bar chart refers to the fatty acid 930 species bound to the sn-1 position, the right one to the fatty acid species bound sn-2 position and the 931 sn-3 position binds the polar head. 932 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-maximum-likelihood-analysis-of-cyanobacterial-lipid-zrviypo9.png Figure 5: Maximum likelihood analysis of cyanobacterial lipid desaturase enzymes, including marine 945 Synechococcus, Cyanobium and a selection of freshwater cyanobacteria (see Supplementary datasets 946 1-2). Clusters including marine cyanobacteria are shown in green and blue colors while those 947 including exclusively freshwater cyanobacteria are in grey. Circles at nodes indicate bootstrap 948 support over 70%. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per amino acid position. 949 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-clade-or-strain-specific-variability-of-the-genomic-1sqpnfta.png Figure 6: Clade- or strain-specific variability of the genomic context for desc3, desC4 and desA2 genes 950 among the 53 sequenced Synechococcus strains. Note that desA3 is not shown as its genomic context 951 is too variable between strains even within clades. Gene names are indicated as a four letter code 952 except for conserved hypothetical protein genes indicated as “chp” followed by a number. The table 953 shows the acyl-desaturase genes predicted to be located in horizontally transferred genomic islands 954 by the Alien Hunter software, among the 53 Synechococcus/Cyanobium genomes 955 (http://www.sanger.ac.uk/science/tools/alien-hunter; Vernikos and Parkhill, 2006). 956 https://scispace.com/papers/thermoacoustic-modes-of-quasi-1d-combustors-in-the-region-of-1tcg2udgor 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parameters-influencing-the-term-t-1z4214oa.png TABLE 5. Parameters influencing the term T https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-locus-of-eigenfrequencies-in-the-complex-plane-of-3gkhvb98.png FIGURE 4. Locus of eigenfrequencies in the complex plane of the BRS configuration. n = [0→ 4] with ∆n = 0.2 and τ = [0→ 2π/ω1p]. τ = m ·2π/ω1p with m = 0→ 1 and ∆m = 0.05. Numbers in the plot are values of m for the closest trajectory. The growth rate is defined as −Im(ω)/2π . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-locus-of-eigenfrequencies-in-the-complex-plane-of-sm445sro.png FIGURE 5. Locus of eigenfrequencies in the complex plane of the Duct configuration. n = [0.005→ 1] with ∆n = 0.005. Numbers in the plot are values of m for the closest trajectory. Note that only the trajectories defined by τ = m · 2π/ω1p with m = 0.25→ 0.45 (∆m = 0.05) have been considered to preserve readability. Vertical lines indicate frequencies equal to j/2τ . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-of-ng0-obtained-in-first-and-second-2gx6pccl.png TABLE 2. Values of ng0 obtained in first and second iterations for the four cases under investigation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-thermoacoustic-modes-p-max-p-top-and-p-max-p-bottom-2ejwb3rs.png FIGURE 6. Thermoacoustic modes p̂/max(p̂) (top) and p̂†/max(p̂†) (bottom) of the Duct configuration. (Gray) first iteration, (Black) second Iteration, (Dashed blue) p̂k from direct eigenvalue problem Eqn. (8). (Dashed red) p̂†k from adjoint eigenvalue problem Eqn. (9). Note that gray and black curves overlap the blue and red curves due to the good agreement, which verifies the proposed algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-thermoacoustic-modes-p-max-p-top-and-p-max-p-bottom-2mzoe24w.png FIGURE 7. Thermoacoustic modes p̂/max(p̂) (top) and p̂†/max(p̂†) (bottom) of the BRS configuration. (Gray) first iteration, (Black) second Iteration, (Dashed blue) p̂k from direct eigenvalue problem Eqn. (8). (Dashed red) p̂†k from adjoint eigenvalue problem Eqn. (9). Note that gray and black curves overlap the blue and red curves due to the good agreement, which verifies the proposed algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-geometrical-and-thermodynamic-parameters-of-the-two-gfnzgnch.png TABLE 1. Geometrical and thermodynamic parameters of the two configurations under investigation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-locus-of-eigenfrequencies-in-the-complex-plane-of-nnbufw7d.png FIGURE 8. Locus of eigenfrequencies in the complex plane of the Duct configuration. Note that this figure is an extract of Fig. 3. The red lines indicate the slope (sensitivity ∂ω/∂n|ωg0 ) computed with the adjoint method. https://scispace.com/papers/thermochemical-design-report-thermochemical-ethanol-via-56qi9cxr1p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-19-labor-costs-tw202iza.png Table 19. Labor Costs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pinch-analysis-composite-curve-3csrmbvr.png Figure 7. Pinch analysis composite curve https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-expected-availability-of-biomass-2bh1oi6v.png Figure 6. Expected availability of biomass https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimated-capital-intensities-for-biomass-to-3myfx5cc.png Figure 2. Estimated capital intensities for biomass-to-methanol processes https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-system-design-information-for-gasification-hgovo2ab.png Table 17. System Design Information for Gasification References https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-sensitivity-analysis-of-biomass-ash-content-lfebkm8z.png Figure 11. Sensitivity analysis of biomass ash content https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-chemical-engineering-magazines-plant-cost-indices-1m0dx8dg.png Figure 4. Chemical Engineering Magazine’s plant cost indices https://scispace.com/figures/table-21-salary-comparison-18v3cbya.png Table 21. Salary Comparison https://scispace.com/papers/thermochemical-cycles-for-energy-storage-thermal-25zr8irx2q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-xi-i-op18xfv3.png TABLE XI I https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-summary-of-s02-yield-rate-as-a-function-of-28so5dq5.png TABLE IX SUMMARY OF S02 YIELD RATE AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE FOR THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF ZnS04- ANALYSIS BY TITRATION https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-summ-ry-of-tga-results-for-mixtures-of-nh4hs04-with-1u12sb6d.png TABLE II SUMM~RY OF TGA RESULTS FOR MIXTURES OF NH4HS04 WITH EACH OF THE METAL OXIDES SCREENED https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-1rwvxyxf.png TABLE V https://scispace.com/figures/table-xii-i-3k9yiltl.png TABLE XII I https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-eutectic-systems-considered-for-the-thermal-vmj0za5p.png TABLE X EUTECTIC SYSTEMS CONSIDERED FOR THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF ZnS04• https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-summary-of-experimental-results-for-mechanism-i-1fp8ybzn.png TABLE IV SUMMARY OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS FOR MECHANISM I https://scispace.com/figures/table-xi-experimental-weight-loss-data-for-the-melts-39un04rn.png TABLE XI I https://scispace.com/papers/thermochronology-and-exhumation-history-of-the-northeastern-cqcvyvm1sn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-apatite-fission-track-data-3hvc75cg.png Table 3 Apatite Fission Track Data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-of-the-thermal-modeling-showing-time-1c1pn4xp.png Figure 4. Results of the thermal modeling showing time‐temperature envelopes that best predict the measured apatite fission track (AFT) age and track length data. The measured track length distribution histograms (red) and predicted length distribution (green line) are shown on the separate plot. Dashed boxes are constraint boxes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-series-of-absolute-longitudinal-corrected-1z6hr482.png Figure 7. A series of absolute (longitudinal corrected) paleotectonic reconstructions of Baltica between 340 and 285 Ma according to the paleotectonic model of Domeier and Torsvik (2014). The color corresponds to the change in S wave velocities (Vs) according to the SMEAN tomographic model of the lower mantle at a depth of 2800 km (Becker & Boschi, 2002): red—zones of lower (>1%) relative to the model S wave velocities; green—conformity to model value; blue—zones of increased (>1%) S wave velocities. The figure also shows the contour (orange curve) of the “−1%” anomaly of the S waves, which is regarded as a plume generation zone. AFT = apatite fission track. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-one-dimensional-temperature-distribution-evolution-3tsjrwm9.png Figure 6. One‐dimensional temperature distribution evolution for two experiments: without (a) and with (b) 3‐km thick “sedimentary” layer at the top of the model. Color of the line refers to the time step from 0 (blue) to 20 (red) Myr. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-40ar-39ar-dating-results-a-i-and-the-thermal-2ws6sk7v.png Figure 2. 40Ar/39Ar dating results (a–i) and the thermal history model for sample 35547 (#26), calculated using the thermally activated multidomain diffusion model of Lovera et al. (1989) for 40Ar/39Ar stepwise heating data, obtained on the potassium rich feldspar (j). Sample numbers correspond to Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketch-tectonic-map-of-the-kola-peninsula-showing-1w4anwsd.png Figure 1. Sketch tectonic map of the Kola Peninsula showing sampling localities. The inset shows the position of Kostomuksha (17), Kaavi‐Kuopio (19), and Lentiira‐Kuhmo (18) kimberlites in the Fennoscandian Shield. 40Ar/39Ar data obtained from (Arzamastsev et al., 2009, 2017; Arzamastsev & Petrovsky, 2012; Nosova et al., 2015; O'Brien et al., 2007). AFT = apatite fission track. https://scispace.com/papers/thermodynamic-competitiveness-of-high-temperature-vapor-t6h445b7xx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-working-domain-and-cosp-of-r717-r718-cascade-cycle-36lt0lky.png Figure 3: Working domain and COSP of R717/R718 cascade cycle. Isolines represent COSP, dotted lines operation limits, and dashed-dotted lines boiler efficiency. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-modelling-assumptions-for-heat-pumps-and-gas-boiler-3owo21a9.png Table 1: Modelling assumptions for heat pumps and gas boiler. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-applied-operation-limits-and-critical-point-of-20m80gf0.png Table 2: Applied operation limits and critical point of various working fluids. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-exergetic-efficiency-varying-sink-and-source-y4i9n6cf.png Figure 4: Exergetic efficiency varying sink and source temperature, for different fluids and cycle configurations, compared to natural gas boilers. Source temperature was varied from 60 °C to 90 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-10-working-domain-and-eex-of-different-fluids-and-2qase3qg.png Figure B.10: Working domain and ηex of different fluids and cycles. Isolines represent ηex and dotted lines operation limits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-marginal-exergy-and-exergy-flow-of-fuel-product-and-2d0swfqk.png Figure 6: Marginal exergy and exergy flow of fuel, product and destruction for different components of the R717 single stage heat pump with an inlet source temperature of 30 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-9-working-domain-and-cop-of-different-fluids-and-39t893e4.png Figure B.9: Working domain and COP of different fluids and cycles. Isolines represent COP and dotted lines operation limits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-marginal-exergy-and-exergy-flow-of-fuel-product-and-5hczr9ci.png Figure 5: Marginal exergy and exergy flow of fuel, product and destruction for the R717 single stage heat pump with an inlet source temperature of 30 °C. https://scispace.com/papers/thermodiffusion-of-sodium-polystyrene-sulfonate-in-a-4ierkdvkoz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-thermodiffusion-of-na2400pss-in-0-1-mol-l-1-nacl-3rwntoql.png Figure 13. Thermodiffusion of Na2400PSS in 0.1 mol L 1 NaCl at = 308 K with Δ = 20 K and a) = 12 nmol L 1 (6 mg L 1), b) = 18 nmol L 1 (9 mg L 1), and c) = 68 nmol L 1 (34 mg L 1). Symbols represent experimental values. Blue lines (cold α-side) are best fits to eq 11 with the parameters shown in Table 1 and red lines represent eq 10 (hot β-side). The effect of a larger evaporation rate is noticeable in panel b), as the concentration in both chambers increase with time at larger times; note that the relaxation time depends on https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-side-bi-side-diffusion-cell-consists-of-two-28l2quy8.png Figure 11. The Side-bi-Side diffusion cell consists of two compartments of 3 mL, which can be set to different temperatures. Magnetic bars stir both sides, which are separated by a porous glass disc. The total volume of the cold side (α) when connected to a flow-through cuvette is 5 mL. Modified with permission from [64], originally published in [III]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-thermodiffusion-impedance-equivalent-circuit-is-6zcvhwhw.png Figure 6. The thermodiffusion impedance equivalent circuit. is the Ohmic resistance, is the double layer capacitance, is the charge transfer resistance, and , are the thermodiffusion elements of the oxidized and the reduced species, respectively. Originally published in [II]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-as-a-function-of-the-initial-concentration-of-5t4vhgsy.png Figure 14. a) ,∗ as a function of the initial concentration of the polyelectrolyte in 0.1 mol L 1 NaCl (circles), black line an exponential fit to guide the eye. b) Theoretical steady-state concentration of the (cold) -side as a function of ,∗ Δ (line) and the values (circles) calculated from ,∗ in panel a. c) Estimated Soret coefficient for the polyelectrolyte in the absence of supporting electrolyte. Originally published in [III]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-variation-of-the-seebeck-coefficient-of-the-2u1fo3qo.png Figure 4. (a) Variation of the Seebeck coefficient of the membrane cell with NaCl and KCl concentration. The solid lines represent eq. (47) with the electrolyte heats of transport estimated from the trend lines in panels (b) and (c), X = 3 mol/L and k = 1/3 fixed, and as the only fitting parameter ( = 0.6 ± 0.3 for KCl and 0.89 ± 0.16 for NaCl). The dashed line corresponds to ∗, = 0, X = 3 mol/L, and k = 1/4. The inset shows the potential difference measured in 0.10 mol/L NaCl. The full symbols are open-circuit measurements (slope 0.131 mV/K) and the open symbols are extrapolations of the closed-circuit measurements in the limit of infinite external load (slope 0.120 mV/K). (b and c) Concentration dependence of the Soret coefficient of NaCl and KCl aqueous solutions at 25 ºC. The symbols are experimental data from the literature: Snowdon [47], Price [48], Römer [49], Chanu [50], Leaist [51], Agar st (steadystate values) and Agar in (initial values) [52], and Gaeta [53] (data corresponding to 30 ºC). Originally published in [I]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-temperature-difference-over-an-ion-exchange-1pwzfi3s.png Figure 2. A temperature difference over an ion-exchange membrane (thickness h) in an electrolyte solution creates an electric potential difference to the system. The potential difference is the sum of the thermodiffusion potential in the thermal polarization layers, Donnan potential drops at the membrane/electrolyte interfaces, and thermodiffusion and diffusion potential drops inside the membrane. The green line indicates the potential drops (not in scale), and the blueto-red line indicates the temperature profile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-eis-measurement-in-10-mmol-l-in-0-5-mol-l-kcl-from-1k6y6pmm.png Figure 9. EIS measurement in = = 10 mmol/L in 0.5 mol/L KCl from f = 100 kHz – 1 mHz at OCP and = 298 K. Top panel shows the isothermal measurement and bottom panel the non-isothermal measurement with Δ = 10 K. Symbols represent the measured impedance, solid line is the best fit. (a) The isothermal measurement, dashed lines show how the impedance changes if h is changed ± 5 % (b) The high-frequency data fit of the isothermal case. (c) The non-isothermal measurement, dashed lines show how the impedance changes if , is changed ± 50 %. (d) The high-frequency data fit of the non-isothermal case. Originally published in [II]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-and-b-thermally-generated-voltage-d-and-power-1nhg83iw.png Figure 5. (a and b) Thermally generated voltage Δ and power output P/A in 0.10 mol/L NaCl solutions vs. electric current density through the external load for different ΔT. The practically identical slopes of the Δ − curves indicate that Rint is independent of ΔT. The power output is parabolic in the current density and its maximum value is / = Δ /4, where = Δ /( ) is the short-circuit current density; / is given by the area of the largest rectangle under the i curve. (c and d) Open-circuit voltage Δ and maximum power output / vs. the temperature difference. Symbols are experimental results, lines are theoretical curves. Originally published in [I]. https://scispace.com/papers/thermodynamic-and-magnetic-properties-of-the-layered-ztmrimadt9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-the-parameters-oifm2zyk.png FIG. 4. Color online Temperature dependence of the parameters determined from fitting data to Eqs. 2 and 3 : a the oscillation frequency, and the internal magnetic field, B , with a fit to Eq. 4 . b Amplitudes of the relaxation components P1 and P2, and Pf and Ps. c Relaxation rates 2 and s. d Relaxation rates 1 and f. The vertical dashed lines indicate temperatures referred to in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-muon-decay-asymmetry-in-nanio2-plotted-at-different-1dy2n8sn.png FIG. 3. Muon decay asymmetry in NaNiO2 plotted at different temperatures. The solid lines are fits of the data to Eqs. 2 and 3 with the parameters shown in Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-heat-capacity-divided-by-temperature-vs-3hkb3s5z.png FIG. 2. Color online a Heat capacity divided by temperature vs field at four temperatures. b Partial magnetic phase diagram deduced from heat capacity and magnetization data. AF: A-type antiferromagnetic phase. PM: Paramagnetic phase. FM: Ferromagnetic phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-panels-correspond-to-a-heat-capacity-3mvaw9a9.png FIG. 1. Color online The panels correspond to: a Heat capacity divided by temperature in fields between 0 and 14 T. b Real part, , of the ac magnetic susceptibility. c Temperature dependence of the peak in associated with Tsf with a fit to the Ogielski relation Eq. 1 . d Imaginary part, , of the ac magnetic susceptibility. e Inverse of magnetic susceptibility data against temperature with a linear fit showing the high-temperature Curie-Weiss behavior. The vertical dashed lines indicate temperatures referred to in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/thermodynamic-and-spectroscopic-study-for-the-interaction-of-112y1i8rh7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-2079bhyf.png Table 8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1bv77dmm.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1a-c-1e6ch6ru.png Fig. 1a-c. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1d1ratl0.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-1ke31foy.png Table 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3utsnjiu.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-27lput7l.png Table 9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-31ocu8qx.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/papers/thermodynamic-database-lower-length-scale-part-ii-3yjpr4gpd1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-phase-diagrams-of-the-6-binaries-alloys-of-the-al-21ltq34k.png Figure 1. Phase diagrams of the 6 binaries alloys of the Al-Mo-Si-U quaternary system from the ASM Alloy Phase Diagram Center [2]. Note that for Mo-Si there are two versions of the phase diagrams. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-thermodynamic-assessment-of-the-mo-si-u-phase-ow6zg1fg.png Figure 6. Thermodynamic assessment of the Mo-Si-U phase diagram with representation of 4 isothermal sections at 1600, 1200, 800, and 400 oC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-for-each-of-the-four-ternary-alloys-that-make-up-26xph1nh.png Table II. For each of the four ternary alloys that make up the quaternary Al-Mo-Si-U systems, the major references are cited in addition to the one (if any) that was used to carry out the thermodynamic assessment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-calphad-assessment-of-the-six-binaries-subsystems-hyncf9zb.png Figure 2. CALPHAD assessment of the six binaries subsystems of the Al-Mo-Si-U alloy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-thermodynamic-assessment-of-the-al-si-u-phase-3los8d8f.png Figure 5. Thermodynamic assessment of the Al-Si-U phase diagram with representation of 4 isothermal sections at 1600, 1200, 800, and 400 oC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-thermodynamic-assessment-of-the-al-mo-u-phase-2m4b4yh0.png Figure 4. Thermodynamic assessment of the Al-Mo-U phase diagram with representation of 4 isothermal sections at 1600, 1200, 800, and 400 oC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-for-each-of-the-six-binary-alloys-that-make-up-the-s3mvmkea.png Table I. For each of the six binary alloys that make up the quaternary Al-Mo-Si-U systems, the major references are cited in addition to the one that was used to carry out the thermodynamic assessment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-thermodynamic-assessment-of-the-al-mo-si-phase-3soki5je.png Figure 3. Thermodynamic assessment of the Al-Mo-Si phase diagram with representation of 4 isothermal sections at 1600, 1200, 800, and 400 oC. https://scispace.com/papers/thermodynamic-measure-of-the-magnetoelectric-coupling-in-a-c72vzs3eym 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-measuring-the-topological-magnetoelectric-2uzinqh5.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Measuring the topological magnetoelectric response with antiferromagnetic (AFM) order assuming the role of the auxiliary field φ, odd under both inversion and time reversal. At the microscopic level, some of the ions are nonmagnetic (denoted by full circles), while others are magnetic (denoted by open circles), and form AFM order (denoted by the arrows). A slow gradient in φ in combination with the electromagnetic field generates a magnetoelectric response. The φ gradient indicated in the graph at the bottom is represented in the image of the material by a change of shade (light red to light blue). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-integration-contours-in-the-complex-plane-26zenbc0.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Integration contours in the complex plane for the frequency z. Fermionic Matsubara frequencies are the poles marked by (blue) crosses, the three branch cuts are denoted by a wavy (black) line, and the four integration contours are marked by the (red) loops with arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-nonlinear-response-from-the-three-legged-bubble-from-10gft3l0.png FIG. 3. Nonlinear response from the three-legged bubble. From the particle physics point of view, two bosons are coming in, getting absorbed by a fermion with vertices X2,3, and one boson is being emitted by the fermion from vertex X1. From the response-theory point of view, two perturbing fields couple to a fermionic system through the operators X2,3 and produce an expectation value for the operator X1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-plot-of-kh-ii-g1-numerically-calculated-3kug1jz6.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Plot of χ II/g1 numerically calculated for Bi2Se3. The χ II value is quantized as long as the chemical potential μ is in the bulk gap. Once μ is outside the gap, χ II is no longer quantized. https://scispace.com/papers/thermodynamic-properties-of-hydrofluoroolefin-r1234yf-and-228n8fuywu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-diagram-of-the-vtd-assembly-1-pure-101nw95b.png Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the VTD assembly. (1), pure refrigerant bottle, (2,3) syringe pumps, (4) vibrating tube densimeter, (5) pressure transducer, (6) waste/vacuum. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-refrigerants-studied-in-this-work-sources-of-their-9keim8hc.png Table 3. Refrigerants studied in this work, sources of their pure fluid equations of state in the software REFPROP 9.1 (Lemmon et al., 2013) and expected uncertainties for various properties https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-measured-isobaric-heat-capacity-data-for-liquid-1rdpxiac.png Table 6. Measured isobaric heat capacity data for liquid binary refrigerant mixtures https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-values-of-the-thermodynamic-binary-interaction-65xztbh6.png Table 7. Values of the thermodynamic binary interaction parameters tuned in this work and used by default in REFPROP 9.1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-of-the-vle-apparatus-20r7hcyl.png Fig. 3. Schematic of the VLE apparatus. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relative-deviations-of-literature-and-our-measured-3lge5ykw.png Fig. 5. Relative deviations of literature and our measured isobaric heat capacities of liquid R1234yf from isobaric heat capacities calculated using the reference EOS for R1234yf EOS due to Richter et al. (2011) as implemented in NIST REFPROP 9.1. For the isochoric heat capacity (cv) data of Zhong et al. (2018) the ordinate is 100(cv-cv,calc)/cv rather than 100(cp-cp,calc)/cp https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-relative-deviations-of-literature-and-our-measured-29t96fyl.png Fig. 6. Relative deviations of literature and our measured isobaric heat capacities of liquid R1234ze(E) from isobaric heat capacities calculated using the reference EOS for R1234ze(E) due to Thol and Lemmon (2016) as implemented in NIST REFPROP 9.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-literature-sources-of-thermodynamic-cq0m40sc.png Table 1. Summary of literature sources of thermodynamic property data for binary mixtures containing HFOs R1234yf or R1234ze(E). https://scispace.com/papers/thermodynamics-of-a-colloidal-particle-in-a-time-dependent-3zfkjbr4dg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-non-gaussian-work-distribution-the-data-1wzt24y6.png FIG. 4 (color online). Non-Gaussian work distribution. The data were taken from about 16 000 trajectories, where the average work done on the particle was about 2:4kBT. The solid line shows the Pearson type III distribution [26] corresponding to the theoretically obtained moments. Inset: logarithm of the ratio of the probability to find trajectories with work W to those with work W. The solid line shows the expected curve (9). The deviation is due to the poor statistics of large negative work values W & 4kBT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-the-quantities-q-w-and-v-for-about-100-28ivt3fm.png FIG. 3 (color online). (a) The quantities Q, W, and V for about 100 periods of the protocol I . (b) Distribution histogram of W Q V, the experimentally observed ‘‘deviation’’ from the first law of thermodynamics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-particle-wall-interaction-potentials-for-20jcqm86.png FIG. 1 (color online). Particle-wall interaction potentials for three different intensities of the lower optical tweezers [decreasing power from (1) to (3)]. The solid line shows the fit according to Eq. (1) with 1 25 nm. Inset: light pressure vs tweezers intensity. The light pressure is a linear function of the laser intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-measured-tweezers-intensity-and-particle-280ngq0b.png FIG. 2 (color online). Measured tweezers intensity and particle trajectory. During the first pulse the particle is pressed towards the surface. During the second pulse thermal fluctuations support the particle and it is able to move away from the wall. Hence the applied work is positive for the first pulse and negative for the second. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-between-theoretically-predicted-and-239hsq8k.png TABLE I. Comparison between theoretically predicted and measured moments of the work probability based on the data shown in Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/papers/thermodynamic-properties-of-mixtures-containing-ionic-3awdojrn5u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-influence-of-small-amounts-of-water-on-the-cloud-27baetbd.png Table 8. Influence of Small Amounts of Water on the Cloud Point Temperatures for [C2MIM][NTf2] (1) + Propan-1-ol (2)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-water-content-in-the-organic-solvents-2ll9poyk.png Table 1. Water Content in the Organic Solvents https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-qualitative-examination-of-the-miscibility-of-c2mim-4iaccfvy.png Table 2. Qualitative Examination of the Miscibility of [C2MIM][NTf2] and [C4MIM][NTf2] (T ) 278-358 K) with Different Solventsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lle-coexistence-curves-for-c4mim-ntf2-1-solventss2-1aa7p023.png Figure 2. LLE coexistence curves for [C4MIM][NTf2] (1) + solventss2, 4, + cyclohexanol (2) and b, O, + 1,2-hexanediol (2)s as a function of mass fraction w1. Filled symbols represent wH2O,1 ) (160 ( 30) ppm, and empty symbols, wH2O,1 ) (480 ( 50) ppm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-influence-of-small-amounts-of-water-on-the-cloud-22dsds0t.png Figure 4. Influence of small amounts of water on the cloud point temperatures of the system [C2MIM][NTf2] (1) + propan-1-ol (2). 9, wH2O,2 ) (100 ( 25) ppm; 0, wH2O,2 ) (35 ( 10) ppm; ], wH2O,2 ) (235 ( 25) ppm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-influence-of-water-content-3-on-the-cloud-point-26lt1nci.png Figure 5. Influence of water content (3) on the cloud point temperatures of the system [C2MIM][NTf2] (1) + solvents (2): 9, + propan1-ol (2), (a) w1 ) 0.7210; b, + butan-1-ol (2), (b) w1 ) 0.3608; 2, + pentan-1-ol (2), (c) w1 ) 0.7222; 1, + pentan-1-ol (2), (d) w1 ) 0.3159. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-influence-of-water-on-cloud-point-temperaturesa-jpds8r1j.png Table 9. Influence of Water on Cloud Point Temperaturesa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-c2mim-ntf2-and-c4mim-ntf2-1u6i6w6l.png Figure 1. Structure of [C2MIM][NTf2] and [C4MIM][NTf2]. https://scispace.com/papers/thermodynamic-stability-and-relaxation-studies-of-small-5em7z8cfr9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stability-of-mn-nodahep-as-a-function-of-the-ph-a-3l87wy8i.png Figure 4. Stability of [Mn(NODAHep)] as a function of the pH: a) Paramagnetic relaxation enhancement measured at 1 mM, 20 MHz, and 298 K. b) Species distribution obtained in the same conditions from the stability constants (Table 1 and 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-determination-of-cmc-by-fluorescence-spectroscopy-1rpvk5ag.png Figure 1. Determination of cmc by fluorescence spectroscopy. The intersection of the linear regression curves of the fluorescence intensity of ANS at 480 nm as a function of the chelate concentration determines the cmc of NODAHep. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-potentiometric-titration-curves-of-solutions-lfjcsrft.png Figure 2. Potentiometric titration curves of solutions containing NODAHep 3.08 mM with 0 or 1 equivalent of Mn2+ or Zn2+ in H2O, KCl 0.1 M, 298 K. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-best-fit-parameters-obtained-from-the-simultaneous-1ww194qo.png Table 3. Best fit parameters obtained from the simultaneous analysis of 17O NMR and 1H NMRD data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-stability-constants-and-pm-values-of-nodahep-nodaha-1cv6lcho.png Table 2. Stability constants, and pM values of NODAHep, NODAHA, NODABA, and NOTA complexes with Mn2+ and Zn2+ ions at 298 K, and in KCl 0.1 M. Log K NODAHep NODAHA NODABA NOTAa https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-protonation-constants-of-various-ligands-at-298-k-2853dac4.png Table 1. Protonation constants of various ligands at 298 K and in KCl = 0.1 M. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-temperature-dependence-of-reduced-17o-2bcme4iw.png Figure 3. (Top) Temperature dependence of reduced 17O transverse relaxation rate of [Mn(NODAHep)]. (Bottom) 1H NMRD profiles of [Mn(NODAHep)] at 298 K (■), 310 K (▲), and 323 K (●). https://scispace.com/papers/thermodynamics-of-an-electrocyclic-ring-closure-reaction-on-4gvyweanvu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-decomposition-of-the-free-energy-into-its-different-1heyhpnu.png Table 1: Decomposition of the free energy into its different contributions, as defined by Eq. (3). Units in eV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-contribution-of-hnuclei-t-t-svib-t-to-the-free-36gdo4jg.png Figure 3: The contribution of ∆Hnuclei(T ) − T∆Svib(T ) to the free energy as a function of the temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reaction-mechanism-of-the-four-dehydrogenation-1x4zsbbr.png Figure 1: Reaction mechanism of the four dehydrogenation steps initiating the reaction, with (a) valence bond structures of local minima, (b) top and side views of the structures of local minima (S0–S4) and transition states (TS1–TS4) on Au(111), and (c) electronic enthalpy profile in blue and the free energy profile (calculated at T = 300 ◦C and p = 10−10 bar) in red. The green arrows in (b) indicate that the abstracted hydrogens are removed from the system (desorbed as H2). Units in eV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-free-energy-difference-between-the-final-state-s7-2yi7ja16.png Figure 4: Free energy difference between the final state S7 and initial state S0 as a function of temperature and pressure of the hydrogen gas. The solid black line shows where the free energy difference is zero, and the dashed green line indicates T = 300 ◦C, at which the reaction has been observed experimentally.11 The reference pressure p0 is 1 bar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reaction-mechanism-of-the-erc-reaction-and-the-two-rojjoib4.png Figure 2: Reaction mechanism of the ERC reaction and the two dehydrogenation steps finalizing the reaction, with (a) valence bond structures of local minima, (b) top and side views of the structures of local minima (S4–S7) and transition states (TS5–TS7) on the Au(111) surface, and (c) electronic enthalpy profile in blue and the free energy profile (calculated at T = 300 ◦C and p = 10−10 bar) in red. Notice that the blue and red curves have been moved closer together to minimize the amount of white space in the figure, which makes the energy difference between the two curves appear too small. The green arrows in (b) indicate that the abstracted hydrogens are removed from the system (desorbed as H2). Units in eV. https://scispace.com/papers/thermodynamics-of-emergence-langton-s-ant-meets-boltzmann-2879ifi2ha 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-patterns-generated-by-five-co-existing-langtons-ants-1108l0xh.png Fig. 1. Patterns generated by five co-existing Langton’s ants. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-reversibility-at-t-117-937-the-directions-i-e-velocity-isexv0t6.png Fig. 3. Reversibility: At t = 117, 937 the directions (i.e., velocity vectors) of all ants are inverted which corresponds to the inversion of time. The subsequent behavior is an inverted replay of the former behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-finiteness-as-the-grid-size-is-limited-the-behavior-of-311p1j9d.png Fig. 4. Finiteness: As the grid size is limited, the behavior of the ants has to be cyclic (M = 2 ants). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plots-of-the-ratio-of-white-sites-s-as-measured-in-the-2l5a4bma.png Fig. 2. Plots of the ratio of white sites S as measured in the simulation and by the model with double logarithmic scale (grid size N = 2402 , M gives number of ants). https://scispace.com/papers/thermodynamics-of-mixing-in-diopside-jadeite-camgsi-2-o-6-4qdrl73qzu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-coefficients-of-the-margules-polynomials-for-the-2s32v3bg.png Table 6. Coefficients of the Margules polynomials for the excess elastic energy and the excess vibrational entropy https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-coefficients-of-the-polynomials-for-the-excess-free-2lia166s.png Table 5. Coefficients of the polynomials for the excess free energy in the diopside-jadeite solid solution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-entropic-equations-of-state-entropy-vs-volume-wxek8rpm.png Figure 12. The entropic equations of state (entropy vs. volume) of diopside and jadeite and the total excess entropy plotted vs. the mole fraction of jadeite. The vibrational entropy is calculated at 1073 K. It is assumed that https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-empirical-interatomic-potentials-used-in-the-1mgd8vq3.png Table 1. The empirical interatomic potentials used in the present study. The notation [4], [6] and [8] refers to the coordination number of the associated species https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-structural-parameters-of-diopside-and-jadeite-as-f493zb6u.png Table 2. Structural parameters of diopside and jadeite as calculated with the SLEC in comparison with experimental data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-parameters-of-the-fitted-cluster-expansion-2pp8i4pl.png Table 4. The parameters of the fitted cluster expansion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-elastic-stiffness-coefficients-for-diopside-and-21ffpfa6.png Table 3. Elastic stiffness coefficients for diopside and jadeite as calculated with the SLEC in comparison with experimental data. https://scispace.com/papers/thermodynamics-of-polymer-blends-6s36idkodb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-17-pressure-dependence-of-the-binodal-and-spinodal-14l6j9kv.png Fig. 2.17 Pressure dependence of the binodal and spinodal temperatures for the three d-PB/PS blends, with varied butadiene monomer structure. All phase boundaries increase with P, as expected from reduced free volume effects, but those for d-PB(1,2)/PS blends increase with a parabolic shape, while the increase is linear for the other two blends (Schwahn 2005) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-26-an-example-of-nmr-used-to-probe-local-environment-h1q2nkaz.png Fig. 2.26 An example of NMR used to probe local environment of a polymer in a blend.15N CPMAS (crosspolarization, magic angle spinning) NMR spectra of polyamide-6 in a blend with polyketone. PA-6 in a PK/PA 6:4 blend (a) shows primarily (70 %) its a-crystal phase, whereas in its pure form (b) PA-6 shows a 60 % g and 40 % a crystal (Data from Asano, Chap. 5 in Cheng et al. 2011) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-4-a-list-of-polymers-homopolymers-and-random-3a0oyfrd.png Table 2.4 A list of polymers (homopolymers and random copolymers), the S-S characteristic parameters (P*, V*, and T*), as well as the difference between the measured and computed volumes (DV) averaged over the data’s temperature range (DT) and pressure range (DP) (Rodgers 1993a, b) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-26-examples-of-polymer-blends-with-known-phase-11z00i7i.png Table 2.26 Examples of polymer blends with known phase diagram(s) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-24-binary-interaction-parameters-w12-versus-10hnlbzq.png Fig. 2.24 Binary interaction parameters w12 versus temperature in PVME/d-PS blends; scattering data from three different blend compositions f are shown, the dashed lines correspond to the respective spinodal points at each composition f (Herkt-Maetzky 1983) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-25-examples-of-determination-of-w12-from-melting-185cdzyi.png Table 2.25 Examples of determination of w12 from melting point depression studies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-21-schematic-representation-of-the-density-1e6c8c0c.png Fig. 2.21 Schematic representation of the density fluctuations during the spinodal decomposition mechanism (SD, bottom) and the nucleation and growth (NG, top). Three stages are shown: early, where in SD the wavelength is constant but the amplitude increases; intermediate, where both the wavelength and the amplitude change; and final, where the concentration amplitude is at maximum and the wavelength increases only due to coarsening processes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-27-13c-cpmas-nmr-spectra-of-pmaa-top-line-pvac-bottom-q39m756l.png Fig. 2.27 13C CPMAS NMR spectra of PMAA (top line), PVAc (bottom line), and several PMAA/PVAc blends. (a) carboxyl regions of PMAA and carbonyl regions of PVAc; (b) aliphatic regions. The weighted sums (of the pure PMAA and pure PVAc 13C NMR spectra) are also depicted on the right of the corresponding observed spectra (left columns). The blend formation results in strong qualitative changes in the OC¼O carbon, but not so much in the carbons of the aliphatic region (Data from Asano et al. 2002) https://scispace.com/papers/thermodynamics-of-radiation-pressure-and-photon-momentum-2ilwyx3fv6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-b-shows-three-different-constructs-for-the-vanes-xwb6l5ha.png Figure 5(b) shows three different constructs for the vanes. Instead of hemispherical reflector, the backside of the vane may be an absorber (either perfect or partial), or it may be a scatterer. Irrespective of the nature of the back surface, the second law of thermodynamics teaches us that the pressure of radiation on that surface must always be given by 𝑝𝑝(𝑇𝑇) = 𝐽𝐽(𝑇𝑇) 3⁄ . https://scispace.com/papers/thermodynamics-of-the-formation-of-composite-material-4wes1besoc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-model-of-a-system-in-the-initial-a-and-in-the-final-b-xqznchz2.png Fig. 2. Model of a system in the initial (a) and in the final (b) states, α is a nanoparticle, β – liquid, ε – gas phase; I indicates a composite body consisting of nanoparticles α and liquid β, II is the region filled by a gas phase [53]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-structure-of-the-wc-6co-w-fe-cu-interface-54-3529hh9d.png Fig. 3. Structure of the WC–6Co/W–Fe–Cu interface [54]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-model-of-a-two-phase-dispersed-system-a-is-a-solid-sn0p10gk.png Fig. 1. A model of a two-phase dispersed system: α is a solid dispersed phase, ε is a moving phase (gas, liquid); initial (a) and final (b) states [33]. https://scispace.com/papers/thermoelectric-properties-of-gaas-ga1-xalxas-heterojunctions-18ji34rg23 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-temperature-dependence-of-s-of-g647-different-11x9befu.png Fig. 4. The temperature dependence of S,, of G647 different magnetic fields compared to the theoretically petted phonon-drag current. at ex- https://scispace.com/papers/thermoelasticity-and-interdiffusion-in-cuni-multilayers-4och1mxdik 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-sequence-of-instantaneous-concentration-ywz08v7p.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Sequence of instantaneous concentration profiles resulting from our simulations to model the kinetics in Fig. 4 for (a) sample 1 and (b) sample 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-experimental-circle-and-calculated-thick-ddat7fj9.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Experimental (circle) and calculated (thick line) out-of-plane x-ray diffractogram (a) first order 002 and (b) second order 004 from a CuNi 25 [Cu2.48nmNi3.75nm] bilayers at 298 K. In-plane 200 measurement is shown in the inset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-elastic-constants-bulk-d002-d0-distance-measured-in-21126muj.png TABLE I. Elastic constants, bulk d002 = d0 distance, measured in-plane d‖ distance, values of the x-ray scattering factors f at q ≈ 3.5 Å−1 for Cu and Ni elements at the various temperatures considered in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-experimental-symbols-and-calculated-lines-2t7qf93n.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Experimental (symbols) and calculated (lines) out-of-plane x-ray diffractograms obtained at first order 002 for different temperatures (T = 298, 363, and 458 K) from CuNi 25 [Cu2.48nmNi3.75nm] bilayers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-evolution-of-the-experimental-intensities-254prjhq.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Evolution of the experimental intensities (symbols) of the satellite peak from the first order 002 out-of-plane x-ray diffractograms obtained at 670 K: (a) CuNi sample 1 made of 25 [Cu2.77nmNi2.86nm] bilayers and (b) CuNi sample 2 made of 25 [Cu2.94nmNi4.09nm] bilayers. Lines show the results of our kinetic mean-field simulations [see text]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-first-order-002-out-of-plane-x-ray-2u8wyyn4.png FIG. 3. (Color online) First order 002 out-of-plane x-ray diffractograms measured ex situ at room temperature after different annealing time (in hours) at 670 K for the CuNi sample 1 made of 25 [Cu2.77nmNi2.86nm] bilayers. In-plane 200 measurements are shown in the inset. https://scispace.com/papers/thermoelectric-radiation-detector-based-on-a-superconductor-39zrgbm2x6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-current-il-t-through-the-inductor-in-three-parameter-2gh6kzd6.png FIG. 2. Current IL(t) through the inductor in three parameter regimes: fast charge relaxation τRC τ th, τLC (blue), fast thermal relaxation τ th τRC , τLC (orange), and high resonator frequency τLC τ th, τRC (green). In all curves, ZT ¼ 1. M is a scaling factor which takes different values for blue, orange, and green curves as 108, 102, and 1, respectively. The time scale τ th has the values 200 τ th, 50 τ th, and 5 10 4 τ th for blue, orange, and green curves, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-energy-resolution-after-optimal-filtering-as-a-340uvi05.png FIG. 4. Energy resolution after optimal filtering as a function of exchange field for Γ ¼ 10 4Δ, kBT ¼ 0:1Δ, and GT ¼ 5 10 4 e2ΣΩΔ3=k5B, where red, blue, and magenta lines, respectively, represent the plots for P ¼ 0:2, P ¼ 0:6, and P ¼ 0:9. The solid lines are obtained numerically, whereas the dashed lines are the analytical estimates from Eq. (29) for the corresponding situations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-energy-resolution-after-optimal-filtering-as-a-17jdgxrr.png FIG. 5. Energy resolution after optimal filtering as a function of temperature for Γ ¼ 10 4Δ, h ¼ 0:4Δ, and GT ¼ 5 10 4 e2ΣΩΔ3=k5B, where red, blue, and magenta lines, respectively, represent the plots for P ¼ 0:2, P ¼ 0:6, and P ¼ 0:9. The solid lines are obtained numerically, whereas the dashed lines are the analytical estimates from Eq. (29) for the corresponding situations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-thermoelectric-detector-based-on-1bui3gg2.png FIG. 1. Schematic of the thermoelectric detector based on superconductor (S) and ferromagnetic (F) electrode a spin-filter junction. S is also coupled with ferromagnetic insulator (FI) which provides a spin splitting exchange field to S. I is an insulating layer and Pγ (t) is the time dependent power of incident radiation which needs to be detected. TS, TF , and T ph are the electronic temperature of the superconducting film, the electronic temperature of the ferromagnetic electrode, and phonon temperature of the superconducting film, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-filtered-current-i-fil-l-t-through-the-inductor-in-all-67qe29o7.png FIG. 3. Filtered current I(Fil)L (t) through the inductor. In all curves, τRC=τ th ¼ 10 3 and ZTtot ¼ 1. In the blue curve W(ω), we choose the optimal filter. On the other hand, for the orange curve, we consider the W(ω) is equal to the optimal filter of the blue curve. https://scispace.com/papers/thermoelectric-transport-properties-of-highly-oriented-fesb2-2uipn4by36 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-seebeck-coefficient-s-and-b-resistivity-of-an-fesb2-3q32jlo8.png FIG. 3. a Seebeck coefficient S and b resistivity of an FeSb2 film as function of temperature T . For comparison, T and S T of an FeSb2 single crystal Ref. 12 and an FeSb1.98Te0.02 crystal along the a-axis are also presented. The inset of a shows the full range of S T of the FeSb2 single crystal along the a-axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-xrd-pattern-from-the-film-sample-grown-at-350-degc-for-124cdj9m.png FIG. 2. XRD pattern from the film sample grown at 350 °C for 3 h. The FeSb2 101 and 202 peaks dominate the whole XRD pattern. The inset shows the enlarged XRD pattern around 2 =30°. A weak peak from elemental Sb located at 2 =28.8° is identified. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-cross-section-and-b-top-view-sem-images-of-an-fesb2-8l1t03q5.png FIG. 1. a Cross-section and b top view SEM images of an FeSb2 film produced at 350 °C for 3 h. The scale bar applies to both SEM images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-the-calculated-carrier-concentrations-and-b-hall-1k4qs7t6.png FIG. 4. a The calculated carrier concentrations and b Hall carrier mobilities of the FeSb2 film and the FeSb1.98Te0.02 crystal by applying a single parabolic band model. https://scispace.com/papers/thermolysis-of-fibreglass-polyester-composite-and-26jefwi535 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-installation-used-for-the-thermolysis-of-the-pfg-rc46urwj.png Figure 1 Installation used for the thermolysis of the PFG https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-pfg-fragment-b-glass-fibre-obtained-after-1cr561h0.png Figure 3 (a) PFG fragment, (b) glass fibre obtained after thermolysis, (c) glass fibre obtained after grinding. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-characteristic-temperatures-of-the-three-degradation-10hxtc98.png Table 4 Characteristic temperatures of the three degradation phases of PFG waste in air. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-shows-the-microstructure-of-the-initial-pfg-waste-a-2a11c5y3.png Figure 4 shows the microstructure of the initial PFG waste (a) and the glass fibre after thermolysis at 550ºC (b). Char can be seen on the surface of the fibres. It has been reported [3,16,23] that a certain amount of char or coke-like material is formed during the pyrolysis of many polymeric materials due to secondary repolymerisation reactions in the gaseous phase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tg-dtg-curves-for-pfg-waste-when-thermally-degraded-kwhyl17m.png Figure 2 TG/DTG curves for PFG waste when thermally degraded in air. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-tentative-characterisation-of-the-oil-obtained-by-2ly2rryp.png Table 6 Tentative characterisation of the oil obtained by PFG thermolisis at 550ºC (quantitative estimation based on the relative area under each peak). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dta-curves-for-bulk-and-powder-glass-samples-25o-1npww5u8.png Figure 6 DTA curves for bulk and powder glass samples (25º-1450ºC, 50ºC min-1): (6a) powder (f11) and bulk, (6b) f1-f5, (6c) f6-f11. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-elemental-composition-wt-h-c-atomic-ratio-and-gross-7pn32l3y.png Table 5 Elemental composition (wt%), H/C atomic ratio and gross calorific value (MJ kg-1) of the oil obtained at 550ºC. https://scispace.com/papers/thermogravimetric-study-and-kinetic-analysis-of-dried-3urcpp9131 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ethanol-fermentation-from-inulin-a-ethanol-production-1oaqbuf3.png Fig. 4 Ethanol fermentation from inulin. a Ethanol production; b residual total sugar; c biomass. K. marxianus PT-1 (square), M. guilliermondii SL-6 (diamond), M. guilliermondii YZ-16 (triangle), M. caribbica LZ-2 (times symbol), and S. cerevisiae JZ1C (circle) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-extracellular-inulinase-activity-dynamics-of-the-five-326zl120.png Fig. 3 Extracellular inulinase activity dynamics of the five strains K. marxianus PT-1 (square), M. guilliermondii SL-6 (diamond), M. guilliermondii YZ-16 (triangle), M. caribbica LZ-2 (times symbol), and S. cerevisiae JZ1C (circle) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-strains-isolated-in-this-study-and-sources-3tolmebg.png Table 1 Strains isolated in this study and sources https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ethanol-fermentation-from-jerusalem-artichoke-tuber-3s1qerq1.png Fig. 5 Ethanol fermentation from Jerusalem artichoke tuber flour at 40 °C. Ethanol yield, K. marxianus PT-1 (black square), S. cerevisiae JZ1C (white square); total sugar, K. marxianus PT-1 (black circle), S. cerevisiae JZ1C (white circle); reducing sugar, K. marxianus PT-1 (black triangle), S. cerevisiae JZ1C (white triangle) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-temperature-on-ethanol-fermentation-from-2c93wc10.png Fig. 6 Effect of temperature on ethanol fermentation from Jerusalem artichoke tuber flour. a S. cerevisiae JZ1C. Ethanol, 30 °C (white square), 35 °C (gray square), 40 °C (black square); total sugar, 30 °C (white circle), 35 °C (gray circle), 40 °C (black circle); reducing sugar, 30 °C (white triangle), 35 °C (gray triangle), 40 °C (black triangle). bK.marxianus PT-1. Ethanol, 30 °C (white square), 35 °C (gray square), 40 °C (black square); total sugar, 30 °C (white circle), 35 °C (gray circle), 40 °C (black circle); reducing sugar, 30 °C (white triangle), 35 °C (gray triangle), 40 °C (black triangle) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-saccharomyces-cerevisiae-strains-examined-by-using-a-1kpitsei.png Table 2 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-1k5pxlj5.png Table 2 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-kinetic-parameters-in-fermentation-of-2h6xfc8j.png Table 3 Comparison of kinetic parameters in fermentation of Jerusalem artichoke tubers by K. marxianus or S. cerevisiae strains https://scispace.com/papers/thermokarst-lake-development-in-syngenetic-ice-wedge-polygon-2x9diak1mp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bathymetry-and-gpr-survey-lines-conducted-on-gull-248t67we.png Figure 2. Bathymetry and GPR survey lines conducted on Gull Lake. Sediment coring location is shown (red “x”). GPR line cross sections (12, 13, 14) are shown in Fig. 3. The lake limit is delineated by a blue polygon. The central basin is deeper and surrounded by a shallow platform where degraded ice-wedge polygons are visible. The boundary between the central basin and the shallow platform is shown by the dashed white line. Satellite image: GeoEye-1, 18 July 2010. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-signs-of-past-partial-drainage-around-gull-lake-2-2aerxlne.png Figure 7. Signs of past partial drainage around Gull Lake 2 (GL-2). An inlet flowing from Gull Lake, located to the south, and an outlet draining towards the nearby proglacial river are shown in blue. Former lake shores are shown by the dashed red lines. Pingos are indicated by a “P”. Satellite image: GeoEye-1, 18 July 2010. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interpreted-gpr-cross-sections-obtained-along-i78rnxq3.png Figure 3. Interpreted GPR cross sections obtained along survey lines (see Fig. 2 for line locations). The upper figure is the raw GPR profile for line 12, with color arrows indicating distinct reflectors such as the base of the ice cover (light blue), lake bottom (brown), former surface of ice-wedge polygon ridges and troughs (green), and the top of the glacio-fluvial sand and gravel unit (red). Lower figures are interpretations, showing the ice cover (light blue area), free water area (dark blue area), lake bottom (brown line), glacio-fluvial stratigraphic contact (pink dashed line) and identified local reflectors, pictured as triangles. Complete data (Fortier et al., 2019) are available in open-access files (see “Data availability” section). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-biostratigraphy-fossil-diatoms-of-a-sediment-core-1kc4ql98.png Figure 5. Biostratigraphy (fossil diatoms) of a sediment core collected in Gull Lake in June 2015. Data are displayed as relative abundance (%) of dominant taxa, i.e., representing more than 5 % in at least one level. The relative abundance scale varies by taxa. Complete data (Pienitz et al., 2019) are available in open-access files (see “Data availability” section). Plates (photographs) of the most abundant species are shown in Supplement S2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-lithostratigraphy-of-a-sediment-core-collected-in-3b0ret1d.png Figure 4. Lithostratigraphy of a sediment core collected in Gull Lake in June 2015. The displayed CT-scan image, as well as visual descriptions and LOI data, was used to split the sedimentary sequence into three distinct units (lithozones). Complete data (Fortier and Bouchard, 2019a, b) are available in open-access files (see “Data availability” section). CT-scan details are summarized in Supplement S1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-area-location-and-context-a-location-of-bylot-1qgnxeqj.png Figure 1. Study area location and context. (a) Location of Bylot Island (Nunavut), Canada, within the continuous permafrost zone (source: Brown et al., 1998). Pleistocene ice-rich permafrost distribution in nonglaciated regions of Siberia and Alaska (Yedoma) is also shown (source: Strauss et al., 2017). (b) Location of the study site on the southwestern lowlands of Bylot Island (satellite photo: Terra-MODIS, 22 July 2012). (c) Location of Gull Lake, in Qarlikturvik valley (glacier C-79 in the background). An early Holocene terminal moraine (TM) and a small outlet, draining towards “Gull Lake 2” (GL-2) and the proglacial river, are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-four-stage-conceptual-model-of-thermokarst-lake-1b4bj4c7.png Figure 6. Four-stage conceptual model of thermokarst lake inception and evolution through the Holocene. (a) Stage 0: initial conditions with networks of ice wedges developed in frozen silt-peat and glacio-fluvial sand and gravel (and likely reaching underlying marine silts and clays). A pre-existing topographic depression of 1–2 m was collecting drifting snow and meltwater. (b) Stage 1: thermokarst inception, i.e., deepening of the active layer, melting of the top of ice wedges (triggering ice wedge truncation) and development of a hummocky surface. (c) Stage 2: thermokarst pond coalescence and formation of a small lake with a maximum depth still above maximum ice cover thickness. (d) Stage 3: thermokarst lake mature development by lateral expansion (thermal and mechanical erosion) and bottom deepening (subsidence). Lake maximum depth is now below maximum ice cover thickness, triggering the formation of a talik. (e) Stage 4a: possible future evolution by lake infilling (gyttja accumulation). (f) Stage 4b: possible future evolution by lake drainage (partial or complete) and reactivation of ice-wedge cracking and growth (i.e., no more truncation). https://scispace.com/papers/thermospheric-wind-during-a-storm-time-large-scale-traveling-35s0ayvqzc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-absolute-total-electron-content-tec-and-b-3rbsmtge.png Figure 6. (a) Absolute total electron content (TEC) and (b) perturbations of TEC obtained by the GPS receivers of GEONET above Shigaraki (34.8 N, 136.1 E), Japan on 31 March 2001 (1 TECU = 1 1016 m 2). The absolute TEC was estimated by correcting instrumental biases using the method of Otsuka et al. [2002]. The TEC perturbations were obtained by subtracting 1-hour running average from the raw TEC data (same as those in Figure 5). The multiple values per each time correspond to different GPS satellites. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-variations-in-the-f-region-virtual-height-at-2-mhz-3934z2x7.png Figure 7. Variations in the F-region virtual height at 2 MHz and foF2 values obtained at three ionosonde stations in Japan during the large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbance (LSTID) of 31 March 2001. The station locations are shown in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-showing-the-locations-of-stations-the-airglow-2xfqeslr.png Figure 1. Map showing the locations of stations. The airglow data shown in Figures 3 and 4 were obtained at Shigaraki (magnetic latitude (MLAT) = 25.4 ) and Sata (21.2 MLAT), where the fields of view of the airglow imaging (radius of 500 km) are shown. The ionogram data shown in Figure 7 were obtained at Wakkanai (36.5 MLAT), Kokubunji (26.5 MLAT), and Okinawa (16.3 MLAT). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-three-day-provisional-dst-indices-during-the-oymf8zk2.png Figure 2. Three-day provisional Dst indices during the magnetic storm of 30 March to 1 April 2001. The vertical dashed line indicates the time when the large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbance (LSTID) was observed in Japan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-nighttime-electron-density-profile-15-min-13trm9h5.png Figure 8. Nighttime electron density profile (15-min resolution) in the ionospheric F layer measured by the MU radar at Shigaraki, Japan, during the magnetic storm of 31 March 2001. The solid curve indicates the peak heights of the electron density. The MU radar measurement was a 1.5 hour cycle, with 1 hour for the density profile and 0.5 hour for mesospheric meteor echoes. In this figure, the no-observation interval of 0.5 hour was linearly interpolated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-northward-wind-velocities-in-the-thermosphere-3ph0zf4x.png Figure 9. Northward wind velocities in the thermosphere measured by the MU radar and by the Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) at Shigaraki. The MU radar winds are estimated from F-layer ion drift measurements. The thin solid curve is averages of MU radar winds measured for 23 March to 1 April 2001 (except for 31 March), where the vertical bars indicate standard deviations. The thick solid curve with circles is the MU radar wind of 31 March 2001. The thick dashed curve with Xs is the FPI wind measured through the Doppler shift of 630-nm airglow emission (emission altitude: 200–300 km). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-from-top-to-bottom-a-au-al-indices-and-b-northern-32wopip6.png Figure 14. From top to bottom, (a) AU/AL indices and (b) Northern Hemisphere Joule heating calculated by the assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics (AMIE) technique, northward neutral wind (c) at F-layer height and (d) in the mesopause region measured by the MU radar and a Fabry-Perot interferometer at Shigaraki, (e) height profile of the F-region electron density (solid curve: peak height) measured by the MU radar at Shigaraki, (f ) vertical TEC values obtained by GEONET at Shigaraki, (g) foF2 and (h) virtual height at 2 MHz measured by an ionosonde at Kokubunji, and (i) airglow intensities at 630 nm and 777 nm measured at Shigaraki, for 0900– 2100 UT of 31 March 2001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-all-sky-airglow-images-at-630-nm-and-north-south-jvc4hbr4.png Figure 3. (a) All-sky airglow images at 630 nm and north-south cross sections (keograms) of all-sky images for airglow emissions at (b) 630 nm at Shigaraki, (c) 630 nm at Sata, (d) 558 nm at Shigaraki, and (e) 558 nm at Sata. The Van Rhijn effect (effect of oblique line-of-sight integration of airglow layer) is not corrected in the plotted data. These data were obtained by three all-sky imagers (imagers 1 and 4 at Shigaraki and imager 2 at Sata) on 31 March 2001. The LSTID passed over Shigaraki and Sata from north to south at 1700–1830 UT (0200–0330 LT). https://scispace.com/papers/thermomechanical-properties-of-kevlartm-reinforced-2cf5xypeaa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-loss-modulus-of-kevlartm-fiber-reinforced-ba-a-pu-15zusjfr.png Fig. 2: Loss modulus of KevlarTM fiber reinforced BA-a/PU composite: BA-a/PU 100/0 (),BA-a/PU 90/10 (),BA-a/PU 80/20 (), BA-a/PU 70/30 (), and BA-a/PU 60/40 (). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-storage-modulus-ofkevlartm-fiber-reinforced-ba-a-pu-2uzmwp3h.png Fig. 1: Storage modulus ofKevlarTM fiber reinforced BA-a/PU composite: BA-a/PU 100/0 (),BA-a/PU 90/10 (),BA-a/PU 80/20 (), BA-a/PU 70/30 (), and BA-a/PU 60/40 (). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-relationship-between-measurement-frequency-f-and-3e6inouz.png Fig. 4: The relationship between measurement frequency (f) and temperature of Tan δ :BAa/PU 100/0 (),BA-a/PU 90/10 (),BA-a/PU 80/20 (), BA-a/PU 70/30 (), and BA-a/PU 60/40 (). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tan-d-of-kevlartm-fiber-reinforced-ba-a-pu-composites-dvkyj7m1.png Fig. 3: Tan δ of KevlarTM fiber reinforced BA-a/PU composites: BA-a/PU 100/0 (),BA-a/PU 90/10 (),BA-a/PU 80/20 (), BA-a/PU 70/30 (), and BA-a/PU 60/40 (). https://scispace.com/papers/thermomechanical-fatigue-crack-growth-in-a-single-crystal-339ncna7iy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-test-set-up-for-tmf-crack-growth-testing-b-close-1ieuxfyr.png Figure 2 – a: Test set-up for TMF crack growth testing. b: Close-up of cracked specimen, showing the location of the extensometer rods. The controlling thermo couple is welded in the axial center of the gauge length on the side opposite the notch. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-characterization-of-uncracked-stiffness-during-tmf-2d96gg5o.png Figure 4: Characterization of uncracked stiffness during TMF loading for Test 2. a: M0,unload vs cycle number. The red line marks the value manually selected as representative. b: Polynomial fit to the stress-strain loading ramp for one of the cycles used for M0,load evaluation. c: M0,load vs T, evaluated from all fitted polynomials. The red curve is the polynomial fit used in further evaluations, as an average representation of M0,load(T). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-crack-growth-rate-during-op-tmf-and-isothermal-303imiv4.png Figure 13 - Crack growth rate during OP-TMF and isothermal fatigue testing at 100°C. a: da/dN vs ΔK, b: da/dN vs ΔKeff, exp https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-crack-growth-rate-vs-experimentally-observed-crack-28u5c0dc.png Figure 14 - Crack growth rate vs experimentally observed crack closure factor during OP-TMF and isothermal fatigue testing at 100°C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-backscattered-electron-images-showing-the-2yjevtl7.png Figure 15 – Backscattered electron images showing the microstructures of test specimens subjected to different testing conditions. a: Test 13, 100°C isothermal (pre-cracked at 850°C), at region of low stress. b: Test 13, 100°C isothermal (pre-cracked at 850°C), at crack tip. c: Test 15, 100-850°C OP-TMF, at region of low stress. d: Test 15, 100-850°C OP-TMF, at crack tip. Recrystallization (RX) is marked by red arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-crack-growth-rate-vs-dk-during-ip-tmf-and-2cbgzupq.png Figure 10 – Crack growth rate vs ΔK during IP-TMF and isothermal fatigue testing at the maximum temperature. a: 100-750°C, b: 100-850°C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-test-matrix-z5sxyf10.png Table 1 – Test matrix https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-crack-growth-rate-vs-dkeff-exp-during-ip-tmf-and-1fpit99b.png Figure 11 – Crack growth rate vs ΔKeff, exp during IP-TMF and isothermal fatigue testing at the maximum temperature. a: 100-750°C, b: 100-850°C. https://scispace.com/papers/thiazides-in-advanced-chronic-kidney-disease-time-for-a-lxiw0bxfxq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chronological-list-of-studies-of-thiazides-in-ckd-1929fp4y.png Table 1: Chronological list of studies of thiazides in CKD https://scispace.com/papers/thickness-control-in-a-new-flexible-hybrid-incremental-sheet-3kdvxg6jrd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-new-hybrid-isf-process-step-1-multi-point-forming-1apnp5ks.png Fig. 1 The new hybrid ISF process: Step 1: Multi-point forming process; Step 2: Incremental sheet forming process https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-designed-hemisphere-units-mm-3w1fhkrp.png Fig. 7 The designed hemisphere (Units: mm) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-experimental-thickness-distribution-comparison-4rxesgq3.png Fig. 14 Experimental thickness distribution comparison: Preform shape C1 and Preform shape C3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-intermediate-steps-for-multi-step-isf-process-samx5zq7.png Fig. 15 Intermediate steps for multi-step ISF process https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-material-flow-and-sheet-thickness-prediction-model-2lttz6eq.png Fig. 3 Material flow and sheet thickness prediction model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hybrid-isf-rig-a-hydraulic-preforming-module-b-robotic-1dmfmkoe.png Fig. 2 Hybrid ISF rig: (a) hydraulic preforming module; (b) robotic ISF module https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-2a12-o-flow-stress-strain-diagram-s8sk9w8l.png Fig. 6 2A12-O flow stress-strain diagram https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-thickness-distribution-comparison-prediction-and-fe2m28b2.png Fig. 12 Thickness distribution comparison: prediction and experiment https://scispace.com/papers/thickness-effect-on-impurity-bound-polaronic-energy-levels-5b29gvonh2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-binding-energy-as-a-function-of-the-thickness-of-t-3h0hp419.png FIG. 2. Binding energy as a function of the thickness of t laterally confined quantum dot withl 51, l250.5, andg50.5. The solid line includes the electron-phonon interaction and the das line does not. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-binding-energy-as-a-function-of-the-applied-magne-fh9w0ls4.png FIG. 1. Binding energy as a function of the applied magne field for an impurity bound electron in a quantum dot confin laterally by a parabolic potential,51, l 50.5, andg50.5. The solid line includes the electron-phonon interaction and the das line does not. https://scispace.com/papers/thickness-of-electrical-double-layer-effect-of-ion-size-4pi2tlgt63 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-dependence-of-the-electric-potential-on-the-40z2qog5.png Fig. 5. The dependence of the electric potential on the distance from the charged plane x for different lattice constants a. The results of the nonlinearized Poisson–Boltzmann (PB) theory and the linearized Poisson–Boltzmann (LPB) theory are also shown. The model parameters are =78.5 and T=310 K, nd=0.1 mol/l, and =0.4 A s/m2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-density-profile-of-the-counterions-nct-for-3nsg5ip8.png Fig. 4. The density profile of the counterions nct for different lattice constants a. The results of the nonlinearized Poisson– Boltzmann (PB) theory and the linearized Poisson–Boltzmann (LPB) theory are also shown. The model parameters are =78.5 and T=310 K, nd=0.1 mol/l, and =0.4 A s/m2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-dependence-of-the-thickness-of-the-electrical-3amjhl2l.png Fig. 3. The dependence of the thickness of the electrical double layer represented by the parameter d1/2 on the surface charge density of the x=0 plane for different lattice constants a. The result of the Poisson–Boltzmann (PB) theory is also shown. The model parameters are =78.5 and T=310 K, and nd=0.1 mol/l. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-dependence-of-the-thickness-of-the-electrical-2mqxyfa4.png Fig. 2. The dependence of the thickness of the electrical double layer represented by the parameter d1/2 on the bulk density of the number of the ions nd. The results of the nonlinearized Poisson–Boltzmann (PB) theory and the linearized Poisson– Boltzmann (LPB) theory are also shown. The model parameters are =78.5, T=310 K, and =0.4 A s/m2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-dependence-of-the-counterions-close-to-the-charged-209ydcjo.png Fig. 6. The dependence of the counterions close to the charged plane per eicosylamine molecule on the effective area of the eicosylamine. The experimental data were taken from Ref. [9]. The values of the parameters used in calculations are a= 1 nm, =78.5 and T=310 K, and nd=0.003 mol/l. https://scispace.com/papers/thickness-shear-frequencies-of-an-infinite-quartz-plate-with-5gdezfo923 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-infinite-quartz-crystal-plate-347kq9ch.png Fig. 1 An infinite quartz crystal plate https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-effects-of-fgm-grading-on-plate-vibration-3e5jbcfd.png TABLE X. EFFECTS OF FGM GRADING ON PLATE VIBRATION FREQUENCIES https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-vibration-frequencies-with-the-order-of-determinant-1u917jrk.png TABLE V. VIBRATION FREQUENCIES WITH THE ORDER OF DETERMINANT = 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-vibration-frequencies-with-the-order-of-determinant-3qk1yc3t.png TABLE II. VIBRATION FREQUENCIES WITH THE ORDER OF DETERMINANT = 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-vibration-frequencies-with-the-order-of-determinant-1clbf8rd.png TABLE VI. VIBRATION FREQUENCIES WITH THE ORDER OF DETERMINANT = 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-vibration-frequencies-with-the-order-of-determinant-30cfjqnp.png TABLE IX. VIBRATION FREQUENCIES WITH THE ORDER OF DETERMINANT = 9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-vibration-frequencies-with-the-order-of-21gzc2sx.png TABLE VIII. VIBRATION FREQUENCIES WITH THE ORDER OF DETERMINANT = 8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-vibration-frequencies-with-the-order-of-determinant-3mqsp36l.png TABLE I. VIBRATION FREQUENCIES WITH THE ORDER OF DETERMINANT = 1 https://scispace.com/papers/thievery-in-rainforest-fungus-growing-ants-interspecific-39pivp0xra 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-culturing-substrate-for-mutualistic-fungus-collected-3n4v1tbn.png Fig. 2 a Culturing substrate for mutualistic fungus collected by Mycetarotes parallelus and Mycetophylax morschi in coastal Atlantic rainforest, southeast Brazil. Numbers in parentheses designate quantity of items collected during 30 h of observation (three colonies per species). b A view of the fungus garden of Mycetarotes parallelus showing worker using arthropod feces (arrow) as culturing substrate. The colony was collected in sandy Atlantic rainforest, southeast Brazil https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-drawing-of-a-theft-event-a-worker-of-2ww8mk7g.png Fig. 1 Schematic drawing of a theft event: a worker of Mycetarotes parallelus (left) pulls a recently-collected fecal item from the mandibles of a returning worker of Mycetophylax morschi. The robbing ant will take the stolen item to its nearby nest as substrate for the fungus garden (see also Fig. 2). Drawing by Luisa Mota https://scispace.com/papers/thickness-profiles-through-fatigued-bulk-ceramic-lead-4839j7t52j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-3d-image-of-the-surface-topography-the-scan-area-is-1efsc17x.png FIG. 11. 3D image of the surface topography the scan area is 10 10 m2 from the thin region 4 m in the fatigued PZT/Pt sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-schematic-drawing-of-a-wedge-shaped-sample-2f27b2yp.png FIG. 12. Schematic drawing of a wedge shaped sample. Accumulation of space charge during fatigue in the bulk of the sample which is assumed to occur at grain boundaries. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-backswitched-area-for-pzt-pt-unfatigued-and-fatigued-1ydxduc3.png FIG. 10. Backswitched area for PZT/Pt unfatigued and fatigued samples . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-phase-image-of-domains-in-pzt-with-ag-electrodes-1ybj51f2.png FIG. 13. Phase image of domains in PZT with Ag electrodes fatigued sample at a thickness of about 300 m after scanning with a +50 V applied to PFM tip see Fig. 6 c and b −50 V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-wedge-shaped-samples-cut-along-the-3lc04eg2.png FIG. 1. Illustration of the wedge shaped samples cut along the dashed line at an angle of 10°. PFM measurements were performed a near the electrode or b deep in the bulk. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-polarization-switching-by-the-pfm-tip-on-a-finite-area-y1omzvnb.png FIG. 6. Polarization switching by the PFM tip on a finite area in a thin sample region 4 m for a PZT/Ag sample. The observed area had been poled in positive direction by applying positive bias to the PFM tip . A nonfatigued sample is shown for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-nonswitched-polarization-for-the-three-fatigue-stages-3ggrkoei.png FIG. 4. Nonswitched polarization for the three fatigue stages: a nonfatigued, b 3 105 cycles, and c 3 107 cycles for PZT/Ag samples. The scanned area is 4 m thick PZT, wedge region a , in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-switched-polarization-from-a-finite-area-switching-3qdhpsbi.png FIG. 5. Switched polarization from a finite area switching induced by the PFM tip in sections near the bottom electrode 4 m depth and b macroscopic polarization hysteresis measurement for three different fatigue states for PZT/Ag sample 0, 3 105 and 3 107 cycles . https://scispace.com/papers/thin-film-polycrystalline-silicon-nanowire-biosensors-2ymv42i6t2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-polysilicon-nanowire-biosensor-results-a-titration-1op6h3r1.png Figure 3. Polysilicon nanowire biosensor results: (a) titration curve of the reaction of IL-8 in a polysilicon nanowire biosensor (the extracted value of KD is 4.3 pM); (b) titration curve of the reaction of TNF-α in a polysilicon nanowire biosensor (the extracted value of KD is 4.0 pM); (c) detection of IL-8 using an ELISA assay at two different salt concentrations (the KD obtained from the titration curve of the standard ELISA (square symbols) is 23 pM, while that obtained from the low salt ELISA (round symbols) gives 13 pM); (d) the detection of TNF-α using an ELISA assay at two different salt concentrations (the KD obtained from the titration curve of the standard ELISA (square symbols) is 48 pM, while that obtained from the low-salt ELISA (round symbols) gives 26 pM); (e) comparison of the sensitivity of an anti-IL-8 functionalized nanowire when detecting a low concentration (10 fM) of its specific target IL-8 and a high concentration of a nonspecific protein (1 nM TNF-α); (f) comparison of the sensitivity of an anti-TNF-α functionalized nanowire when detecting a low concentration (10 fM) of its specific target TNF-α and a high concentration of a nontarget protein (1 nM IL-8). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-polysilicon-nanowire-electrical-characterization-in-1u9nimnn.png Figure 2. Polysilicon nanowire electrical characterization in air and in solution: (a) polysilicon nanowire output characteristic (IDS as a function of VDS for different VGS values) measured in air; (b) polysilicon nanowire transfer characteristic (ln IDS as a function of VGS for different VDS values) measured in air; (c) normalized conduction change as a function of time showing the real-time detection of different concentrations of IL-8; (d) normalized conduction change as a function of time showing the real-time detection of different concentrations of TNF-α . The numbers 1−7 indicate the time at which the concentration of IL-8 or TNF-α is increased by 1 order of magnitude, starting from 10 fM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-illustrations-of-polysilicon-nanowire-1ftjff6g.png Figure 1. Schematic illustrations of polysilicon nanowire biosensor fabrication after (a) oxide pillar formation, (b) nanowire plasma etch, (c) metal contact formation, and (d) sensor window opening. The biasing configuration for the biosensor electrical measurements is also shown: (e) crosssectional SEM image of a fabricated polysilicon nanowire; (f) cross-sectional SEM micrograph of polysilicon nanowires at the corner of a pillar; (g) optical image of a completed nanowire biosensor wafer; (h) high magnification optical image of a fabricated nanowire biosensor through a sensor window. https://scispace.com/papers/thin-film-iii-v-photodetectors-integrated-on-silicon-on-51nj9xxmbw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bcb-bonding-1jc13byz.png Fig. 2. BCB bonding. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-influence-of-optical-absorption-in-the-schottky-34lmu69i.png Fig. 8. Influence of optical absorption in the Schottky contacts (Ti/Au). One curve represents the real structure. The other only takes metal absorption into account and no absorption in the InGaAs layers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-absorption-coefficient-of-ingaas-and-spectral-2ezj8o4p.png Fig. 9. Absorption coefficient of InGaAs and spectral bandwidth of the MSM detector; parameter is detector length. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-heterogeneous-integration-based-on-bonding-of-b6epth3f.png Fig. 1. Heterogeneous integration based on bonding of unprocessed III–V dies onto an SOI waveguide wafer. After die-to-wafer bonding, the InP substrate is removed, and the InGaAs detectors are processed, making use of waferscale lithographical techniques. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sog-bonding-2jya1ye1.png Fig. 3. SOG bonding. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-view-of-an-soi-waveguide-integrated-p-i-n-3eydkj30.png Fig. 4. Schematic view of an SOI waveguide-integrated p-i-n detector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-three-dimensional-and-b-cross-sectional-views-of-2v2wbycv.png Fig. 5. (a) Three-dimensional and (b) cross-sectional views of waveguideintegrated MSM detector. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-refractive-indices-of-materials-2mgib3ol.png TABLE I REFRACTIVE INDICES OF MATERIALS https://scispace.com/papers/thin-cell-fringe-field-switching-liquid-crystal-display-with-30m850if7n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-structure-of-the-ffs-lcd-equal-potential-35z0toph.png FIG. 1. Schematic structure of the FFS LCD, equal potential distribution dashed lines , and corresponding transmittance top in a voltage-on state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-azimuthal-angle-distributions-at-2k2kmy1i.png FIG. 4. Color online Azimuthal angle distributions at different cell positions with a negative chiral dopant having a chiral pitch p=8 m. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulated-electro-optic-properties-of-different-ffs-9s83l4vt.png TABLE I. Simulated electro-optic properties of different FFS cells without any chiral dopant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-polarization-change-traces-projected-on-11f4weob.png FIG. 3. Color online Polarization change traces projected on the S1-S2 plane for different incident positions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-azimuthal-angle-distributions-at-22b27613.png FIG. 2. Color online Azimuthal angle distributions at different cell positions without a chiral dopant. https://scispace.com/papers/thin-observation-module-by-bound-optics-tombo-concept-and-rq6d17r8pi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-example-images-captured-by-the-experimental-1ls37oej.png Fig. 8. Example images captured by the experimental https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-relationship-between-object-and-detected-signals-for-2zrc23wk.png Fig. 10. Relationship between object and detected signals for m 5 3 and n 5 3: ~a! geometrical relation and ~b! typical form of the system equation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-compound-eye-imaging-system-2uck7ekf.png Fig. 1. Compound-eye imaging system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tombo-architecture-a-system-structure-and-b-optial-33ficd1z.png Fig. 3. TOMBO architecture: ~a! system structure and ~b! optial system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-erect-image-retrieved-by-sampling-of-multiple-images-34eh4ep2.png Fig. 2. Erect image retrieved by sampling of multiple images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-simulation-of-image-retrieval-by-the-backprojection-adr6dh9m.png Fig. 11. Simulation of image retrieval by the backprojection met retrieved image. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-combinations-of-characteristic-parameters-2b5hu2f8.png Table 1. Example Combinations of Characteristic Parameters for N 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-signal-separation-layer-a-optical-system-and-b-3l29z227.png Fig. 4. Signal-separation layer: ~a! optical system and ~b! scanning electron microscope picture of a fabricated separation layer. PD, photodiode. https://scispace.com/papers/thin-sqi-nems-accelerometers-compatible-with-in-ic-347nrucdse 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-principle-and-typical-dimensions-of-ip-oop-1tmiksup.png Figure 1. Principle and typical dimensions of IP/ OOP accelerometers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-expected-performances-for-ip-50g-and-oop-50g-10pamjq7.png Figure 4. Expected performances for IP 50G and OOP 50G accelerometers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-displacement-acceleration-curves-for-ip-50g-1nzqplee.png Figure 3. Displacement/acceleration curves for IP 50G accelerometer with respectively J 30nm and 400nm gap (Influence of Casimir Force) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-doping-level-and-slab-thickness-on-148wtdq7.png Figure 2. Effect of doping level and slab thickness on Casimir force corrective factor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-afm-characterization-of-ip-1-og-accelerometer-al-20w250qy.png Figure 8. AFM characterization of IP 1 OG accelerometer Al: vertical misalignment of movable structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-afm-characterization-of-oop-50g-accelerometer-al-3akgzlxt.png Figure 9. AFM characterization of OOP 50G accelerometer Al: vertical misalignment of movable structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simplified-flow-chart-for-fabrication-of-ip-oop-r2369lew.png Figure 5. Simplified flow-chart for fabrication of IP & OOP accelerometers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-technology-developments-for-the-fabrication-of-ip-1qmbdptu.png Figure 6. Technology developments for the fabrication of IP thin SOI NEMS accelerometers https://scispace.com/papers/things-can-only-get-better-for-socrates-and-his-crocodile-2hsff1mscg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-middle-imperial-network-a-d-69-192-figure-12-late-5s8ikay2.png Figure 11: Middle Imperial network (A.D. 69 – 192) Figure 12: Late Imperial network (A.D. 193 – 283) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-ptolemaic-network-330-30-b-c-figure-10-early-3nbb61ug.png Figure 9: Ptolemaic network (330-30 B.C.) Figure 10: Early Imperial network 30 B.C. – A.D. 68) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-name-socrates-from-30-b-c-a-d-285-left-all-3trpp33v.png Figure 6: the name Socrates from 30 B.C. – A.D. 285 (left: all Egypt – right: the Fayum) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-name-socrates-from-a-d-285-640-20mban9h.png Figure 7: the name Socrates from A.D. 285 – 640 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-name-socrates-from-332-30-b-c-2vly8t7w.png Figure 5: the name Socrates from 332 – 30 B.C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relative-chronological-distribution-of-all-texts-1ru5fgrz.png Figure 3: Relative chronological distribution of all texts from Egypt per region (L = Lower Egypt, 00 = Fayum, U = Upper Egypt, border regions = Eastern & Western Desert) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-chronological-evolution-of-the-popularity-of-the-1moor4te.png Figure 2: Chronological evolution of the popularity of the name Socrates, with a breakdown by region https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-late-antique-network-a-d-284-640-2gal9gfb.png Figure 13: Late Antique network (A.D. 284 – 640) https://scispace.com/papers/think-like-an-expert-neural-alignment-predicts-understanding-3ikdtpx6ap 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-alignment-to-class-during-lectures-predicts-final-1ie5k0le.png Figure 2. Alignment-to-class during lectures predicts final exam scores. A. Calculation of alignment-to-class during lecture videos. B. Alignment-to-class across the entire cerebral cortex. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-alignment-to-class-and-alignment-to-experts-are-26rpi8yl.png Figure 3. Alignment-to-class and alignment-to-experts are positively correlated across the brain. Correlation between alignment-to-class and alignment-to-expert during recap videos (left) and during final exam (right) are shown. A. Between-subjects correlation during recap videos, in a single ROI. Top, correlation in a single 30-second time bin. Orange dots represent individual students. Bottom, mean across all time bins (solid black line). Trendlines for individual time-bins are shown in grey, with the example time bin shown in red. B. Between-subjects correlation during the final exam, in a single ROI. Top, correlation during the first question. Orange dots represent individual students. Bottom, mean across all exam questions (solid black https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-design-and-exam-scores-a-study-design-17f2zx6a.png Figure 1. Study design and exam scores. A. Study design. Students enrolled in an introduction to computer science course underwent six fMRI scans throughout the course. During the first five scans, students were shown course lecture videos. On the final scan (bottom), students were shown lecture recaps and given a final exam. Experts underwent the final scan only. See table 1 for stimuli and task details. B. Exam scores. Pretest (left) was performed prior to scanning, posttest (right) was performed during scan 6. Individual students are shown in grey. Error bar, ±1 SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prediction-of-exam-scores-from-neural-alignment-in-3gnehr21.png Table 2. Prediction of exam scores from neural alignment in ROIs. Correlation between alignment measures and exam score during lectures and during the final exam. Results are shown in DMN ROIs as well as in control regions in sensory cortex (visual, intracalcarine cortex; auditory, Heschl's gyrus) and subcortex (amygdala). Green, significant correlation (permutation test, p<0.05, FDR corrected across ROIs). n.s., not significant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stimuli-and-tasks-1hor66z9.png Table 1. Stimuli and tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-alignment-to-experts-is-positively-correlated-with-3g5c0p03.png Table 3. Alignment-to-experts is positively correlated with alignment-to-class during recaps and during final exam. Correlation between alignment-to-class and alignment-toexperts is shown during lectures and during the exam. Results are shown in DMN ROIs as well as in control regions in sensory cortex (visual, intracalcarine cortex; auditory, Heschl's gyrus) and in subcortex (amygdala). Green, significant correlation (permutation test, p<0.05, FDR corrected across 7 ROIs). n.s., not significant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-robust-neural-alignment-effects-in-medial-and-30gdkozt.png Figure 6. Robust neural alignment effects in medial and temporal cortical regions emerge across all analyses. A. Overlap regions across all three datasets and analyses for alignmentto class. Blue color indicates voxels in the intersection set of the following maps: (i) correlation between alignment-to-class during lectures and exam scores (shown in Fig. 2D), (ii) correlation between alignment-to-class and alignment-to-experts during recaps (shown in Fig. 3C), (iii) correlation between same-question alignment-to-class during the final exam and exam score (shown in Fig. 4D, left panel), and (iv) correlation between knowledge structure alignment-toclass during the exam and exam score (shown in Fig. 5C). B. Overlap regions for same-question analyses, blue color indicates voxels in the intersection set of the following maps: (i) correlation between same-question alignment-to-class during the final exam and exam score (shown in Fig. 4D, left panel), (ii) correlation between same-question alignment-to-experts during the final exam and exam score (shown in Fig. 4D, right panel). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-knowledge-structure-alignment-during-the-exam-2dfzl6xy.png Figure 5. “Knowledge Structure” alignment during the exam correlates with performance. A. Left, student and class knowledge structures are correlated on a question-by-question basis to derive knowledge structure alignment during exam. Cell i,j in the student’s knowledge structure is the correlation between the student’s pattern for question i with the class pattern for question j (left). Student and mean class knowledge structures are then correlated on a row-byrow (question-by-question) basis. B. Within-subject correlation between alignment-to-class and exam score in a single ROI, in a single student. Each violet dot represents a single question. Left, correlation between alignment-to-class and exam score. Right, within-subject correlation between alignment-to-class and exam score in a single ROI, trendlines for all students shown. https://scispace.com/papers/think-positively-parkinson-s-disease-biomedicine-and-hope-in-11rn59h5m8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-table-summarizing-demographic-details-of-focus-group-13lq2kib.png Table 1: Table summarizing demographic details of focus group participants. Focus groups 1 to 6 were conducted in the North of Germany in 2014; Focus groups 7-13 were conducted in the South of Germany in 2012. https://scispace.com/papers/thinking-outside-of-the-box-or-enjoying-your-2-seconds-of-t2ooulbjxt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-variation-in-fixation-duration-over-experiments-yu0jv093.png Figure 5: Variation in Fixation Duration over experiments might point to condition dependent reactions/signatures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-variations-in-heatmaps-baseline-trial-combined-3tspjr3j.png Figure 2: Variations in heatmaps (Baseline/Trial combined https://scispace.com/papers/thinking-of-others-effects-of-implicit-and-explicit-media-56uyhgnkt1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effects-of-survey-and-argumentation-on-assessments-1dwhkhfp.png Figure 2. Effects of survey and argumentation on assessments of the current and future climate of opinion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effects-of-implicit-and-explicit-cues-on-climate-of-36avf2tf.png Figure 1. Effects of implicit and explicit cues on climate of opinion perceptions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effects-of-implicit-and-explicit-cues-on-the-1pwm0zhq.png Figure 4. Effects of implicit and explicit cues on the perceived future climate of opinion. Note. Model fit: χ2 = 5.329, df = 5, p = .377; SRMR = .012; RMSEA = .0011; CFI = 1.000; n = 527. All significance tests were calculated using bootstrapping (10,000 samples). To facilitate the interpretation of the path coefficients, the scales of the indicators of the constructs “future climate of opinion” were reversed. This also applies to the negatively formulated indicator of the construct “personal opinion.” SRMR = standardized root mean square residual; RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation; CFI = comparative fit index. PO: personal opinion, FC: future climate of opinion. Significant coefficients are bolded. Standardized path coefficients (β): *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effects-of-implicit-and-explicit-cues-on-the-1uefuuxb.png Figure 3. Effects of implicit and explicit cues on the perceived current climate of opinion. Note. Model fit: χ2 = 1.258, df = 5, p = .939; SRMR = .007; RMSEA = .000; CFI = 1.000; n = 564. All significance tests were calculated using bootstrapping (10,000 samples). To facilitate the interpretation of the path coefficients, the scales of the indicators of the constructs “current climate of opinion” were reversed. This also applies to the negatively formulated indicator of the construct “personal opinion.” SRMR = standardized root mean square residual; RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation; CFI = comparative fit index. PO: personal opinion, CC: current climate of opinion. Significant coefficients are bolded. Standardized path coefficients (β): *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001. https://scispace.com/papers/thinking-fast-and-furious-emotional-intensity-and-opinion-1rov6bgvlt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-text-of-tpp-article-1baatqt0.png Figure 2: Text of TPP Article https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-difference-between-treatment-and-control-group-in-c4ecfzrc.png Figure 6: Difference between treatment and control group in their polarization score, according to: a) the overall level of emotional intensity (panel A) and b) the emotional intensity of the most-emotionally intense comment. Entries are average differences in opinion polarization between treatment and control group, with (dashed line) and without (solid line) covariates. Horizontal lines denote the 90% (thick line) and 95% (thin line) confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-treatment-and-intensity-of-comments-by-12x1iqtl.png Figure 5: Effect of treatment and intensity of comments by article https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-difference-between-treatment-and-control-group-in-3rful477.png Figure 7: Difference between treatment and control group in their polarization score, according to: a) the amount of information displayed by each comment (panel a); and b) the length of each comment. Entries are average differences in opinion polarization between treatment and control group, with (dashed line) and without (solid line) covariates. Horizontal lines denote the 90% (thick line) and 95% (thin line) confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-difference-between-treatment-and-control-group-in-1elich1c.png Figure 8: Difference between treatment and control group in their polarization score, according to: a) the share of pro-policy comments; and b) the degree of agreement between respondent and user-comments. Entries are average differences in opinion polarization between treatment and control group, with (dashed line) and without (solid line) covariates. Horizontal lines denote the 90% (thick line) and 95% (thin line) confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-difference-between-treatment-and-control-group-in-1nl0wf76.png Figure 4: Difference between treatment and control group in their polarization score. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distributions-of-intensity-coding-for-comments-16hnpkr2.png Figure 3: Distributions of intensity coding for comments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-difference-between-treatment-and-control-group-in-2cn3xyjm.png Figure 9: Difference between treatment and control group in their polarization score, according to individuals’ level of political knowledge and the level of emotional intensity of the user comments. Entries are average differences in opinion polarization between treatment and control group, for individuals with low (dashed line) and high (solid line) political knowledge. Horizontal lines denote the 90% (thick line) and 95% (thin line) confidence intervals. The first panel includes only a dummy to disintinguish the two experiments, while the second panel includes also individual pre-treatment charactestistics. https://scispace.com/papers/thinking-skills-in-the-early-years-a-literature-review-2vexvunu6q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-types-of-question-and-thinking-skill-focus-based-on-2g9sq916.png Table 1 Types of question and thinking skill focus, based on a Winnie-the-Pooh story https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-common-features-of-approaches-to-the-development-of-2q85l978.png Figure 3 Common features of approaches to the development of thinking skills in young children https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overlapping-waves-of-problem-solving-thinking-from-24tq96zi.png Figure 2 Overlapping waves of problem-solving thinking (from Siegler, 1996) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-problem-solving-based-on-lambert-2fjna2cy.png Table 2 Characteristics of problem-solving, based on Lambert (2000) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-developing-the-quality-of-reasoning-based-on-2wddvsvi.png Figure 1 Developing the quality of reasoning (based on Littleton et al., 2005) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-types-of-question-and-thinking-skill-focus-based-on-1yuqjt2v.png Table 3 Types of question and thinking skill focus, based on a Winnie-the-Pooh story https://scispace.com/papers/third-country-tourists-on-the-ferries-linking-germany-with-2jwpralad2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spatial-clusters-of-places-of-origin-of-the-third-3bmqpqdu.png Figure 2. Spatial clusters of places of origin of the third-country passengers on the Kiel– Klaipeda ferry route. was roughly the same; the main criterion for choosing the Klaipeda– Kiel route was that the average crossing time was 21 hours compared to 26 – 27 hours from the Latvian ports (Liepaja and Ventspils) to Travemunde. Thus, it takes 25 – 30% less time to reach the Netherlands or France from Latvia by car using the Klaipeda– Kiel ferry route. A single Latvian, working in the UK (interviewee #8 April 2009) noted that: “taking the ferry from Klaipeda is more comfortable and faster than any similar option from Latvia since my home is in southern Latvia, close to the Lithuanian border, and the roads in Latvia are in dire straits, compared to those in Lithuania (translated from Russian). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-third-country-passengers-on-the-dfds-seaways-kiel-ou5nc6hf.png Table 3. Third-country passengers on the DFDS Seaways Kiel– Klaipeda ferry route in 2009 – 2011. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-kiel-klaipeda-ferry-passenger-transport-seasonality-bumvi86h.png Figure 4. Kiel– Klaipeda ferry passenger transport seasonality. (source: DFDS Seaways). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ferry-routes-of-stena-lines-in-2014-source-www-1czilk0e.png Figure 1. Ferry routes of Stena Lines in 2014. (source: www.stenalines.lt). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-types-of-ferry-passengers-regarding-their-travel-a7odzztk.png Table 1. Types of ferry passengers regarding their travel patterns. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spatial-clusters-of-travel-destinations-of-the-v1o9p7m4.png Figure 3. Spatial clusters of travel destinations of the third-country passengers on the Kiel– Klaipeda ferry route.They bought the cheapest seats and did not https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ferry-passengers-in-thousands-in-the-baltic-sea-area-ydrznlb4.png Table 2. Ferry passengers (in thousands) in the Baltic Sea area who have embarked and disembarked at the seaports of Germany in 2010. https://scispace.com/papers/thiol-ene-click-synthesis-of-adsorption-functionalized-poly-2n3v38zxod 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-kinetics-parameters-for-dr-adsorption-onto-1rvj1xyg.png Table 2 The kinetics parameters for DR adsorption onto different adsorbents https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3361p987.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-i8rs6x4i.png Figure 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-hgf6xwm1.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/papers/thionine-immobilized-in-crosslinked-chitosan-films-2cbbeaiggi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cathodic-peak-current-dependence-of-the-square-root-of-1un2hl1q.png Fig. 2. Cathodic peak current dependence of the square root of sweep potential rate for the transfer of 5.0 mM Ru(NH )3+ in phosphate buffer (C = 0.50 M, pH 3 fi https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-shows-the-change-of-the-in-situ-absorbance-spectrum-of-3940yb7e.png Fig. 7 shows the change of the in situ absorbance spectrum of THI|CHI|GDI film modified electrode when H2O2 is reduced https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-shows-the-voltammogram-of-the-heterogeneous-elecron-vw5s3czd.png Fig. 1 shows the voltammogram of the heterogeneous elecron transfer of Ru(NH3) 3+ 6 , dissolved in the aqueous phase, t two different surfaces: the bare gold electrode and the film odified gold electrode. A four times lower current is observed or the process occurring through the chitosan film indicating a eduction of the diffusion coefficient of Ru(NH3) 3+ 6 inside the olymer layer (DfilmRu ) and/or a reduction of the active interfacial rea of the gold electrode due to blocking by the electroinactive hitosan layer. Either, as the shape and peak potential differnce value is the same in both voltammograms, the diffusion or locking effects do not influence the reversibility of the elecron transfer. This last evidence is also attained by the linear https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-interfacial-absorbance-spectra-of-thi-chi-gdi-obtained-teb2x1yz.png Fig. 4. Interfacial absorbance spectra of THI|CHI|GDI obtained during the electrochemical reduction of 5 mM of Ru(NH3) 3+ in phosphate buffer (pH 3.17, C i c https://scispace.com/papers/third-party-interventions-in-coach-athlete-conflict-can-31aogb1ah5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sport-psychology-practitioners-perceived-challenges-1pzh497s.png Figure 2. Sport psychology practitioners’ perceived challenges in managing coach-athlete conflict. 1036 1037 https://scispace.com/papers/third-party-providers-integrity-assurance-for-data-390f184mvv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-10-examples-of-permissions-for-the-relations-in-165mbsdb.png Figure 15.10 Examples of permissions for the relations in Figure 15.1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-15-examples-of-permissions-for-the-relations-in-2uupydbo.png Figure 15.15 Examples of permissions for the relations in Figure 15.9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-11-schema-graph-for-the-relations-in-figure-15-9-a-3d3ajtl9.png Figure 15.11 Schema graph for the relations in Figure 15.9 (a) and view graphs of the permissions in Figure 15.10( b-f) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-6-working-of-the-different-join-evaluation-20h7vrcq.png Figure 15.6 Working of the different join evaluation strategies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-8-an-example-of-query-with-privacy-preferences-a-3bg1ju1s.png Figure 15.8 An example of query with privacy preferences (a) and a corresponding safe query tree plan https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-12-examples-of-composed-permissions-v6aqjin3.png Figure 15.12 Examples of composed permissions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-1-an-example-of-four-relations-stored-at-four-12dqrtqy.png Figure 15.1 An example of four relations stored at four different providers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-9-an-example-of-relations-referential-integrity-2mp47jji.png Figure 15.9 An example of relations, referential integrity constraints, and joins https://scispace.com/papers/third-party-identity-management-usage-on-the-web-5ax8i2awo8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-top-10-list-of-global-idps-a-facebook-is-a-well-3bsbbbyi.png Table 1. Top-10 list of global IDPs. (a Facebook is a well-known OAuth-only provider, but has in the past been an RP in OpenID. b Google and Yahoo also occasionally uses OAuth. c The OpenID field allows general login with any OpenID IDP, although some restrictions may occur.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rps-that-are-served-by-the-most-popular-idps-1qk0ppop.png Fig. 3. RPs that are served by the most popular IDPs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-huffington-post-login-example-fig-2-methodology-115kzpvx.png Fig. 1. Huffington Post login example. Fig. 2.Methodology overview. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-manual-site-classification-results-for-top-200-list-2hvzxjap.png Table 2.Manual site classification results for top-200 list. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-with-content-delivery-1mszko7g.png Fig. 6. Comparison with content delivery. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-geographic-distribution-of-third-party-relationships-3dkdcjzh.png Fig. 8. Geographic distribution of third-party relationships. Top row: Identity management. Bottom row: Content delivery. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percent-unique-third-party-relationships-that-are-to-34d0bdcm.png Table 3. Percent (%) unique third-party relationships that are to a local IDP or content provider (CP) in the same geographic region as the sampled site, using each of our three location mappings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-difference-in-site-rank-ratio-between-service-user-1iw639oq.png Fig. 7. Difference in site-rank ratio between service user/provider. (Alexa rank of user divided by rank of provider.) https://scispace.com/papers/third-generation-sequencing-and-the-future-of-genomics-3z92a46vhw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-four-major-genomics-applications-2lx38rdt.png Figure 1. Overview of four major genomics applications empowered by long read/long span technologies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-3rd-generation-dna-sequencing-and-3g3pgbd9.png Table 1: Characteristics of 3rd generation DNA sequencing and mapping platforms. Contig/Scaffold N50 indicates the N50 length of the de novo assembled contigs/scaffolds. Haplotype phasing indicates the N50 length of the phased regions of the genome. N50 size is a weighted median average: half of the total sequence length has been resolved into sequences this size or longer. *Includes the cost and time for both sample preparation and short read sequencing using a NextSeq/HiSeq2500. †Assumes library construction and instrument costs can be amortized over multiple runs. All prices subject to change, see https://www.dugsim.net/estimate_cost for current estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-completeness-of-historical-human-genomes-left-2veepeeg.png Figure 4. Completeness of historical human genomes. (left) Percentage of genes and gene blocks intact in historical build of the human genome. (right) Percentage of ClinVar clinically relevant variants present in the older builds of the human genome. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gene-block-completeness-of-26-genomes-for-each-of-r3nrhfnm.png Figure 5. Gene Block Completeness of 26 genomes. For each of the 4 read lengths, we evaluated the fraction of 100 gene blocks annotated in each genome that were assembled completely intact. The solid lines represent the summary of the individual experiments computed with a local polynomial fit (lowess). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-assembly-performance-the-x-axis-measures-the-genome-wymlnapx.png Figure 3. Assembly performance. The x-axis measures the genome size of the 26 genomes in log space. The y-axis measures the assembly performance of the different assemblies, meaning the N50 size of the assembly relative to the N50 size of the chromosome segments. Points indicate the results of simulated experiments with 20x coverage of error free reads of different read lengths. Lines show the best fit line from the SVR model from these simulated results. Other shapes indicate the genuine results of the assembly of real genomes using the different technologies, colored by their approximate equivalent simulated read lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-human-assembly-structural-correctness-left-the-de-3ismzyq1.png Figure 6. Human assembly structural correctness. (left) The de novo assembly of with 20x coverage of the mean1 reads is shown at the top half of the circle and the reference human genome (hg19) is shown at the bottom. Colored bars show large-scale mis-assemblies where an assembled contig is mapped to two or more chromosomes. (right) The de novo assembly of 20x coverage of the mean 32 reads is displayed in a similar representation. For clarity, alignments of contigs that correctly align to a single chromosome are not displayed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-contiguity-of-human-genome-assemblies-the-red-curve-12yo6buh.png Figure 2. Contiguity of human genome assemblies. The red curve traces the lengths of the human chromosome segments and the green curves trace the results of different simulated read sets. The orange/brown curves trace the results of a de novo assembly of the human sample NA12878 using Illumina sequencing and ALLPATHS-LG (50x fragment coverage and 50x 2kbp mate pair coverage). The y-axis marks the length of the segment/contig, and the x-axis plots the cumulative fraction of the genome covered by segment/contigs that size or larger. The value at 50% marks the contig/scaffold N50 size. By construction the red curve has 100% assembly performance and the different simulated read sets have proportionally smaller percentages assembled. For context, the N50 size of several published human analyzes are also presented with blue circles as cited in Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/third-telescope-project-at-the-iota-interferometer-knaoqodppp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-iota-monitor-and-control-system-1jb4q32l.png Figure 1. The IOTA Monitor and Control System https://scispace.com/papers/this-is-the-native-speaker-that-the-non-native-speaker-51f5s8lz1i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proportion-of-correct-responses-for-each-condition-1p4z3mqo.png Table 1. Proportion of correct responses for each condition by group https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-standard-errors-t-values-z-values-and-p-3s8rymix.png Table 2. Estimates, standard errors, t-values/z-values and p-values for variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimates-errors-t-values-z-values-for-variables-t-2utdz2cq.png Table 4. Estimates, errors, t-values/z-values for variables. *T-values larger than absolute 1.96 indicate significance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-picture-depicting-simple-transitive-event-1kaeu81q.png Fig 1. Picture depicting simple transitive event https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-response-time-and-standard-deviations-in-2hbhq14q.png Table 3. Mean Response Time and Standard Deviations (in milliseconds) of sentences by group https://scispace.com/papers/thm-coupled-finite-element-analysis-of-frozen-soil-1ywlcklggq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulated-behaviour-during-freezing-to-218c-228c-258c-2oqiw4ez.png Fig. 5. Simulated behaviour during freezing to 218C, 228C, 258C and 2108C under isotropic stress and subsequent triaxial compression https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-volume-stress-relationships-during-undrained-freeze-2ae9bf69.png Fig. 6. Volume–stress relationships during undrained freeze and thaw, and subsequent consolidation under constant total stress: (a) experimentally observed under K0 conditions (after Nixon & Morgenstern, 1973); (b) the present model under isotropic conditions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-shear-stresses-xy-developed-inside-and-outside-the-1dv3pkl3.png Fig. 16. Shear stresses xy developed inside and outside the frost zone at day 60: (a) control section; (b) deep burial section https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-simulated-and-observed-water-content-profiles-beneath-2qgshb75.png Fig. 15. Simulated and observed water content profiles beneath pipeline. Note that the measurement was conducted for the ‘insulated silt’ section https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-finite-element-meshes-used-in-the-analyses-pipeline-2ijtn6f6.png Fig. 8. Finite element meshes used in the analyses (pipeline elements are not shown, for clarity): (a) control section, 959 nodes; (b) deep burial section, 1346 nodes; (c) detail of gravel section (darker elements are assigned as gravel; otherwise same mesh as for the control section) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sections-constructed-in-in-situ-pipeline-frost-heave-2lbh34g1.png Fig. 7. Sections constructed in in situ pipeline frost heave tests (after Slusarchuk et al., 1978): (a) control section; (b) deep burial section; (c) gravel section https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-vectors-showing-flux-of-pore-water-towards-freezing-3dc8fd9x.png Fig. 14. Vectors showing flux of pore water towards freezing front, predicted for control section at (a) day 300 and (b) day 1000 for constant air temperature, and (c) day 300 and (d) day 1000 for monthly varying air temperature https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-deformed-geometry-and-porosity-contours-predicted-for-ib9t68oc.png Fig. 12. Deformed geometry and porosity contours predicted for control section at (a) day 300 and (b) day 1000 for constant air temperature, and (c) day 300 and (d) day 1000 for monthly varying air temperature https://scispace.com/papers/thm-analysis-of-a-large-scale-heating-test-incorporating-e4wetgncp8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-continued-278m298h.png Table I. Continued. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-observed-versus-computed-values-of-dou-and-obc-31g92pj8.png Figure 15. Observed versus computed values of ‘Dou’ and ‘OBC’ models: (a) relative humidity (Sections A4–B4); (b) relative humidity (Sections A10–B10); (c) radial stress (Sections A3–B3 & A6–B6); and (d) water intake. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-hot-cross-section-isolines-of-macro-void-ratio-a-8nk65eq2.png Figure 16. Hot cross section: isolines of macro void ratio (a); micro void ratio (b); global void ratio (c) and (d) liquid saturation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-sections-a4-b4-computed-evolution-for-two-extreme-21udozwb.png Figure 17. Sections A4–B4: computed evolution for two extreme radii of (a) porosity by using the ‘OBC’ model and (b) macroporosity by using the ‘Dou’ model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-evolution-of-relative-humidity-in-the-mock-up-test-24oq7m18.png Figure 8. Evolution of relative humidity in the mock-up test. Observed versus computed values (OBC model). Bold symbols correspond to sensors in zone A, empty symbols correspond to sensors in zone B (Figure 2). (a) Sections A4–B4 (hot cross section). (b) A10–B10 (cold cross section). (c) Sections A4–B4 (long-term predictions). (d) Sections A10–B10 (long-term predictions). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-definition-of-microstructural-swelling-and-1kqzprfs.png Figure 12. Definition of microstructural swelling and contraction directions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-parameters-used-to-define-the-elasto-plastic-1cohd0xq.png Table III. Parameters used to define the elasto-plastic constitutive law. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-evolution-of-temperature-in-the-mock-up-test-3apvsjbc.png Figure 7. Evolution of temperature in the mock-up test. Observed versus computed values (OBC model). (a) Sections A5–B5 (hot cross section). (b) A11–B11 (cold cross section). (c) Sections A5–B5 long-term predictions. (d) Sections A11–11 long-term predictions. https://scispace.com/papers/thoc1-deficiency-leads-to-late-onset-nonsyndromic-hearing-2jytyo3xzf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-expression-of-thoc1-in-hair-cells-a-b-confocal-2yrurh8p.png Fig 2. The expression of THOC1 in hair cells. (a, b) Confocal microscopic imaging analysis of THOC1 antibody staining in mouse cochlea hair cells. THOC1 was enriched in outer hair cells (OHC) and inner hair cells (IHC) in the P0 mouse cochlea. Blue: DAPI staining of the cell nuclei. Red: Myosin 7a antibody staining marking hair cells. Green: THOC1 antibody staining. Bars, 40 μm. The region in yellow dash-line rectangle amplified in the white rectangle. Green arrowhead indicates nucleus; yellow arrowhead indicates cytoplasm. (c-e’) whole mount in situ hybridization analysis of expression of thoc1 in 3 dpf zebrafish. (c) Dorsal view, arrowheads indicate neuromasts. (d) Lateral view, arrowheads indicate neuromasts. (e) Lateral view, arrowheads indicate neuromasts. (e’) Lateral view, arrowheads indicate neuromasts. The magnified region of square in (e). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-inhibition-of-p53-signaling-alleviated-the-thoc1-wgqx5bmr.png Fig 7. Inhibition of P53 signaling alleviated the thoc1-deficiency induced apoptosis in neuromasts. (a, b) Statistical analysis of the hair cell clusters in control (n = 8), ctrl + P53 inhibitor treatment (n = 9), thoc1 KO (n = 8), and thoc1 KO + P53 inhibitor treatment embryos (n = 7). One-way ANOVA, ����, p<0.0001; ���, p<0.001; ��, p<0.01. (c) TUNEL analysis of the neuromasts in control (n = 7), thoc1 KO (n = 7), and thoc1 KO + P53 inhibitor treatment embryos (n = 7). Green: TUNEL staining. Blue: DAPI staining of the cell nuclei. (d) Statistical analysis of the number of apoptotic cells per neuromast in control, thoc1 KO, and thoc1 KO + P53 inhibitor treatment embryos. One-way ANOVA, ����, p<0.0001. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-thoc1-deficiency-caused-hair-cell-developmental-2o1rqmyy.png Fig 3. Thoc1 deficiency caused hair cell developmental defects in zebrafish. (a) Fluorescence microscopic imaging analysis of thoc1 mutant Tg(pou4f3: gap43-GFP) line at 3 dpf. Arrowheads indicate hair cell clusters. (b) Statistical analysis of the hair cell clusters in control and thoc1 mutants (control, n = 10; thoc1 mutants, n = 37). t-test, ����, p<0.0001. (c) Fluorescence microscopic imaging analysis of thoc1 mutant Tg(pou4f3:gap43-GFP) line at 4 dpf. Arrowheads indicate hair cell clusters. (d) Statistical analysis of the hair cell clusters in control and thoc1 mutants (control, n = 10; thoc1 mutants, n = 38). t-test, ����, p<0.0001. (e) Confocal microscopic imaging analysis of the neuromasts in control and thoc1 mutants at 3 dpf. Green: Tg(pou4f3:gap43-GFP). Red: Sox2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-transcriptome-sequencing-analysis-of-48-hpf-thoc1-23ihnaez.png Fig 6. Transcriptome sequencing analysis of 48 hpf thoc1 mutants. (a) Clustering analysis indicates the replicates within group have a good repeatability, while the control and mutated group are different. (b) Volcano diagram of different expression genes. Red dots indicate up-regulated genes; blue dots indicate down-regulated genes. Abscissa indicates gene fold change in different samples; ordinate represents statistical significance of gene expression change. (c) KEGG analysis plot of the differential gene, with the vertical axis representing the pathway and the horizontal axis representing the Rich factor. The size of the dot indicates the number of differentially expressed genes in the pathway, and the color of the dot corresponds to a different Qvalue range. (d) Relative mRNA levels of p53 in control and thoc1-KO embryos at 48 hpf and 4 dpf (three times experiments, n = 10 for each time). t-test; ���, p<0.001; ����, p<0.0001. (e) Relative mRNA levels of bax, casp3 and casp9 in control and thoc1-KO embryos at 4 dpf (three times experiments, n = 10 for each time), t-test; ��, p<0.01; ���, p<0.001; ����, p<0.0001. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-thoc1-mutation-p-l183v-impaired-its-function-in-1ocukxa9.png Fig 4. The THOC1 mutation (p. L183V) impaired its function in hair cell formation. (a) The diagram shows the targeting site of thoc1 splice blocking morpholino and the RT-PCR primers design for validating the knockdown results. The wild type mature transcripts indicate the natural splicing product of thoc1 mRNA. The splicing MO mature transcripts indicate the abnormal splicing product of thoc1mRNA with Exon3 deletion caused by morpholino injection. (b) The agarose gel electrophoresis image shows the 61bp Exon3 deletion. (c) Confocal microscopic imaging analysis of the hair cells in control, thoc1-MO, thoc1 -MO + hThoc1 mRNA, and thoc1-MO + hThoc1 (p. L183V) mRNA Tg(pou4f3:gap43-GFP) at 3 dpf and 4 dpf. (d) Statistical analysis of the total hair cell number in trunk of control (n = 15), control-MO (n = 15), thoc1-MO (n = 15), thoc1-MO + zthoc1 mRNA (n = 15), thoc1-MO + hThoc1 mRNA (n = 15), and thoc1-MO + hThoc1 (p. L183V) mRNA at 4 dpf (n = 15). One-way ANOVA, ����, p<0.0001. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pedigrees-and-genotypes-of-family-sh-a-pedigrees-of-2djwe46l.png Fig 1. Pedigrees and genotypes of family SH. (a) Pedigrees of family SH. The individuals selected for linkage analysis and whole-exome sequencing was marked with asterisks and triangles, respectively. (b) Representative audiograms of family SH. (c) Logarithm of the odds (LOD) scores of genome-wide linkage analysis for chromosome 18. A maximum LOD score of 4.93 was obtained for marker rs928980. (d) Chromatograms of wild type (WT) and mutant (Mut) sequence for c.547C>G (p.L183V). (e) Diagram showing domains of human THOC1 protein and the location of the p.L183V mutation. (f) Multiple sequence alignment of THOC1 showing conservation of the leucine 183 residue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-inactivation-of-thoc1-induced-apoptosis-in-neuromasts-16otik6n.png Fig 5. Inactivation of thoc1 induced apoptosis in neuromasts. (a) Confocal microscopic imaging analysis of the hair cells in control and thoc1-KO Tg(pou4f3:gap43-GFP) at 3 and 4 dpf. Arrowheads indicate the abnormal hair cells. (b) TUNEL analysis of the neuromasts in control and thoc1-KO embryos at 4 dpf. Green: TUNEL staining. Blue: DAPI staining of the cell nuclei. https://scispace.com/papers/thomas-fermi-ground-state-of-dipolar-fermions-in-a-circular-4arnga2skf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-storage-ring-of-radius-r-with-dipoles-1-and-2-at-5u8k0wnk.png FIG. 1. Storage ring of radius R with dipoles 1 and 2 at locations z1 and z2. The poles are tilted at an angle with respect to the direction e3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-vr-zr-as-a-function-of-interparticle-distance-zr-z1-2y5c6xc2.png FIG. 2. a Vr zr as a function of interparticle distance zr=z1−z2. b Vc zc as a function of the center-of-mass coordinate zc= z1+z2 /2. In a the dashed line shows zr /a0 −1/3, the bare dipole potential, as a reference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-thomas-fermi-stability-diagram-for-the-one-dimensional-1kcieeqh.png FIG. 4. Thomas-Fermi stability diagram for the one-dimensional case. Critical dimensionless interaction strength as a function of a L for =2 /5 and b as a function of for L=100. The dashed line shows the critical interaction strength as a function of a L for =2 /5 and b for L=100 for a local interaction potential Vr zr = zr . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-stability-diagram-of-the-thomas-fermi-ground-state-for-38pvcanu.png FIG. 5. Stability diagram of the Thomas-Fermi ground state for the three-dimensional regime: a Critical interaction strength g3 for =2 /5; b g3 for =100. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-one-dimensional-density-distribution-as-a-function-of-8n0wjxrz.png FIG. 3. One-dimensional density distribution as a function of z and g1 for =3 /20. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-relative-contributions-to-the-energy-functional-3-as-2hcy59bu.png FIG. 6. Relative contributions to the energy functional 3 as functions of for =2 /5 for the critical interaction strength g3, illustrating the distribution of energies at the border of the instability region. https://scispace.com/papers/threat-identification-parameters-for-a-stolen-category-1-1to57rms43 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-typical-configurations-of-category-1-sources-14t30my1.png Table 2. Typical Configurations of Category 1 Sources https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-high-activity-gamma-ray-source-container-in-a-12t84m0l.png Figure 4: A high activity gamma ray source container in a shielded transport configuration5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-high-count-rate-137cs-spectrum-obtained-with-2xst5gn1.png Figure 3: High count rate 137Cs spectrum obtained with identiFINDER RIID (NaI). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-percent-of-photopeak-counts-relative-to-total-2iox0702.png Figure 7: The percent of photopeak counts relative to total counts in a spectrum for a 137Cs source with no line-of-sight obstructions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-gamma-dose-rate-for-an-unshielded-5500-ci-60co-2jf3f77f.png Figure 6: Gamma dose rate for an unshielded 5500 Ci 60Co teletherapy Category 1 source placed in the center of Times Square, New York City. The image spans a region of 1.25 by 1.25 miles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-detector-dose-rate-for-unshielded-10000-ci-60co-28qdv1mh.png Figure 2: Detector dose rate for unshielded 10,000 Ci 60Co Category 1 source. The red dotted line indicates the dose rate at which most commonly used handheld detectors reach saturation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-category-1-sources-and-threshold-quantity-2qwzicp8.png Table 1. Category 1 Sources and Threshold Quantity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gamma-dose-rate-of-a-500-ci-137cs-source-in-a-3t6u8r9g.png Figure 5: Gamma dose rate of a 500 Ci 137Cs source in a simple building environment https://scispace.com/papers/thread-partitioning-method-for-hardware-compiler-bach-5g1xqs601y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-result-on-dint-bmdic90t.png Table 2: Experimental result on DINT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-result-on-sfil-24h1sll8.png Table 1: Experimental result on SFIL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bach-c-description-ltkc1odb.png Figure 1: Bach-C description. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-thread-partitioning-10eatwwb.png Figure 2: Thread partitioning. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-features-of-sfil-1lk2xktk.png Figure 4: Features of SFIL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sequential-graph-3cpdvltq.png Figure 3: Sequential graph. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-features-of-dint-2q0r7lry.png Figure 5: Features of DINT. https://scispace.com/papers/threatened-terrestrial-vertebrates-are-exposed-to-human-5a7t7g53z9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-proportion-of-a-species-range-within-european-3baf8qkw.png Figure 2. The proportion of a species range within European Union (EU) 352 protected areas (PAs) potentially impacted by different numbers of threats. 353 Potential impacts on species within EU PAs include distributions that overlap with 354 regionally designated PAs and Natura2000 sites. Fractions of potential impacts within 355 a species’ protected distribution is calculated based on a 3×3 km grid for all threatened 356 and near threatened vertebrate species in the EU (n = 146; a), which includes 357 amphibians (n = 28; b), reptiles (n = 29; c), birds (n = 59; d) and mammals (n = 30; e).358 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-a-human-pressures-and-b-cumulative-1ffvr2c7.png Figure 1. Distribution of (a) human pressures and (b) cumulative potential human impacts on threatened and near threatened 346 vertebrates within protected areas (PAs) in the European Union. Threatened vertebrate species include amphibians, reptiles, 347 birds and mammals (n = 146). PAs consists of both nationally designated PAs and PAs that are part of the Natura2000 network. 348 Legend in (a) indicates whether a human pressure is present or absent and if it is potentially impacting at least one sensitive species 349 within a grid cell. Legend in (b) indicates the number of sensitive species in a grid cell potentially impacted by at least one threat. 350 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-proportion-of-a-species-european-union-eu-protected-1fxm03nx.png Figure 4. Proportion of a species European Union (EU) protected range 422 potentially impacted by threats between protected area (PA) management 423 classes as classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature 424 (IUCN) within the European Union. Species distributions of threatened and near 425 threatened European amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals where used. Total 426 number of species within a class is mentioned above the corresponding bar. 427 Proportions of a species protected range that is potentially impacted is presented as 428 boxplots, indicating the median, the 1st and 3rd quantiles, and whiskers reaching up to 429 1.5 times the interquartile range. Outliers are represented by black dots. The shaded 430 areas represent violin plots of which the width correlates with the proportion of 431 datapoints within a class. Statistical significance was calculated using the Kruskal–432 Wallis test by ranks and the Nemenyi–Damico–Wolfe–Dunn test a post hoc test. 433 Statistically significant differences were found between classes Ia+Ib and V, II and V, 434 IV and V, and V and N, indicated by the lines with asterisks (χ2 = 22.89, p < 0.001; χ2 435 = 23.95, p < 0.001; χ2 = 19.73, p < 0.01; and χ2 = 13.09, p < 0.05 respectively). 436 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-proportion-of-a-species-european-union-eu-protected-3u68s5c4.png Figure 3. Proportion of a species European Union (EU) protected range 381 potentially impacted by human pressures between Natura2000 and non-382 Natura2000 sites (a), and between species mentioned in either Annex 1 of the 383 1979 EU Birds Directive or Annex 2 of the 1992 EU Habitats Directive within all 384 EA protected areas (b), within only Natura2000 sites (c) and within only sites 385 outside the Natura2000 network (d). Species ranges of threatened and near 386 threatened European amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals where used. Total 387 number of species within a category is mentioned above the corresponding bar. 388 Proportions of a species protected range potentially impacted presented as boxplots, 389 indicating the median, the 1st and 3rd quantiles, and whiskers reaching up to 1.5 times 390 the interquartile range. Outliers are represented by black dots. The shaded areas 391 represent violin plots of which the width correlates with the proportion of datapoints 392 within a group. Statistical significance was calculated using the Wilcoxon rank-sum 393 test. Statistical significance was only found between Natura2000 sites and non-394 Natura2000 sites, indicated by the line with asterisks (W = 7589, p < 0.001). 395 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-10-most-prevalent-threats-as-classified-by-the-26j1q8sb.png Figure 5. The 10 most prevalent threats as classified by the International Union 438 for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) potentially impacting species within protected 439 areas (PAs) of different management categories. Potential impacts on species are 440 represented by the proportion of the sum of all species’ protected ranges within a PA 441 management category that are coinciding with a threat. PA management classes 442 include strict nature reserves and wilderness areas (Ia+Ib), national parks (II), species 443 management areas (IV), natural monuments/features (V), PAs with sustainable use of 444 natural resources (VI) and unclassified (N). Species’ protected ranges included ranges 445 of threatened or near-threatened amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. 446 https://scispace.com/papers/three-attempts-to-replicate-the-moral-licensing-effect-1fgfr0fdpu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-standard-deviations-and-test-statistics-for-3df512t6.png Table 2. Means, standard deviations, and test statistics for secondary measures in Studies 2 and 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-standard-deviations-sample-sizes-and-test-2ozuempe.png Table 1. Means, standard deviations, sample sizes, and test statistics for dependent variables in all studies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-forest-plot-including-all-comparisons-between-the-32w18z7h.png Figure 1. Forest plot including all comparisons between the moral licensing and neutral control conditions of the original studies by Sachdeva et al. (2009) and our replication attempts. https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-cad-based-mesh-generator-for-the-dey-v6kykshked 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-of-the-error-in-the-resonant-frequency-of-2cozwbl5.png Fig. 11. Comparison of the error in the resonant frequency of the fundamental mode of the twisted elliptical waveguide cavity of Fig. 10 obtained using the staircased FDTD algorithm and the new CAD-based D-FDTD algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-fe-mesh-of-a-resonant-cavity-formed-by-a-twisted-1gwonqjl.png Fig. 10. FE mesh of a resonant cavity formed by a twisted waveguide of elliptical cross section. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-cases-for-cp-fdtd-and-d-fdtd-locally-conformal-2xrbz8f2.png Fig. 1. General cases for CP-FDTD and D-FDTD locally conformal algorithms. (a), (b) CP-FDTD method where H field is located (a) outside PEC, or (b) inside PEC. (c), (d) D-FDTD method where (c) the stability criteria is met, and (d) the stability criteria is violated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-field-leakage-into-pec-due-to-locally-conformal-3fml7s08.png Fig. 2. Field leakage into PEC due to locally conformal algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fe-mesh-of-a-hemisphere-a-hemisphere-superimposed-onto-1z3nkmpd.png Fig. 3. FE mesh of a hemisphere. (a) Hemisphere superimposed onto an FDTD grid where the intersected FDTD edges are shown. (b) Electric wall surrounding a hemispherical resonator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-special-cases-concerning-the-intersection-of-the-fe-19wiv6hd.png Fig. 4. Special cases concerning the intersection of the FE mesh with FDTD grid including (a) intersection of FE mesh at a vertex of the FDTD grid; (b) planar intersections of the FE mesh with the FDTD grid. In (b), the facets of the FE mesh are outlined in white and the intersected FDTD grid edges internal to the geometry are emphasized with black. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-possible-intersections-of-the-fe-mesh-with-the-fdtd-3p0fl66k.png Fig. 5. Possible intersections of the FE mesh with the FDTD grid. Grid-cell areas are calculated based on the resultant edge lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-fe-mesh-of-the-spherical-cavity-resonator-in-the-fdtd-3hepahqc.png Fig. 8. FE mesh of the spherical cavity resonator in the FDTD grid. https://scispace.com/papers/three-decades-after-the-personality-paradox-understanding-28bmi7y0lt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-large-circle-represents-a-persons-mind-1n2asn11.png Fig. 1. (A) The large circle represents a person’s mind conceptualized as a Cognitive– Affective Processing System (CAPS) network. The network consists of a stable and unique network of cognitions and affects (represented by circles), which differs from that of another individual in the pattern and strengths of associations between concepts (represented by lines connecting the circles, and the absence of lines representing no association). The darkened circles represent thoughts and affects that are activated (accessible) as a result of features present in the current situation. This activation is assumed to propagate through the network of association and ultimately influences individual’s experiences and behaviors. The undarkened circles represent those thoughts and affects that are not activated in the current situation. (B) The CAPS networks of two individuals may become ‘‘interlocked” so that the significant parts of the situations encountered by one partner consist of the behaviors of the partner, and vice-versa. For example, Tom and John are friends. The behavioral output from Tom’s CAPS network becomes John’s situation and it activates a particular cognitive–affective dynamic in John, leading to John’s behavior. Similarly, the behavioral output from Mark’s CAPS network becomes Tom’s situation, which, in turn, activates in Tom a particular cognitive–affective dynamic, leading to his behavior. https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-computed-tomography-analysis-of-airway-3q3hj84jls 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-comparison-of-condyle-positions-9zewz0kx.png Table VI. Comparison of condyle positions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-summary-statistics-for-each-measurement-for-open-37z2h78u.png Table II. Summary statistics for each measurement for open and closed jaw positions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-summary-statistics-for-the-difference-between-open-blwvokr3.png Table III. Summary statistics for the difference between open and closed jaw positions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-summary-statistics-for-the-difference-between-open-2syl23br.png Table V. Summary statistics for the difference between open and closed jaw positions for each condyle measurement by side. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-summary-statistics-for-each-condyle-measurement-by-1uup5n6p.png Table IV. Summary statistics for each condyle measurement by side for open and closed jaw positions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-definitions-of-anatomic-areas-2emaabak.png Table I: Definitions of anatomic areas https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-area-of-most-constriction-19q1kgao.png Table VIII: Area of most constriction https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-correlations-of-airway-parameters-with-condyle-4u2vapjh.png Table VII. Correlations of airway parameters with condyle positions. https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-flow-effects-on-forced-convection-heat-4bkjmsxauw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-computational-domain-for-the-numerical-model-a-2wjzfa8n.png Fig. 2. Computational domain for the numerical model: (a) Perspective view, (b) horizontal cross section detail near the flow contraction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-wall-heat-flux-contours-at-the-contraction-region-a-k4ow82g4.png Fig. 14. Wall heat flux contours at the contraction region: (a) Channel bottom wall, (b) fin sidewall. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-code-validation-for-the-case-of-barbosa-saldana-et-al-e6js2xy3.png Fig. 3. Code validation for the case of Barbosa-Saldaña et al. [11]. (a) Computational domain. Vertical velocity profiles on the domain symmetry plane (Z/W=0.5) at Rest=800: (b) immediately upstream of the vertical step wall, (c) downstream of the step edge (Um=0.617 m/s) and (d) at the channel outlet. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-the-contraction-on-the-upstream-velocity-3umoztz6.png Fig. 6. Effect of the contraction on the upstream velocity field (Z * <0) at Re1=519. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-a-circumferentially-averaged-local-nusselt-number-3dkptgxe.png Fig. 15. (a) Circumferentially averaged local Nusselt number distribution against the fully-developed, parallel-flow result, (b) Wall average temperature at heat-sink first section (Z * <0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-interaction-of-the-downstream-vortical-structures-re1-zpartm7d.png Fig. 10. Interaction of the downstream vortical structures (Re1=519). The vortices are visualized using ωz isosurfaces (of magnitude 12.5 s-1), while the bubble is illustrated through 3-D streamlines colored according to the axial velocity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-reference-case-re1-519-a-w-velocity-contours-at-1y4dla16.png Fig. 9. Reference case (Re1=519): (a) W – velocity contours at different horizontal planes and respective bubble lengths * r,zL , (b) w - velocity profiles along the spanwise direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-symmetry-verification-on-an-extended-domain-re1-1557-19ldkm6p.png Fig. 11. Symmetry verification on an extended domain (Re1=1557): Contour plots of the ωz vorticity on cross-flow planes at (a) Z * =2.5 and (b) Z * =5.0. https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-model-construction-from-multiple-sensor-41jk13ahc8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-12-left-a-round-object-with-a-deep-d-1ficiency-2vb3qmp2.png Figure 5.12 Left: A round object with a deep d'1ficiency. Right: The zeroth-orde,r graph of the object (the convex hull). The black Iilles are the range !inder's line-oT-sight rays for those points which make IIp the lIext order's graph. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-5-model-output-by-the-algorithm-from-an-input-set-2st9ipoq.png Figure 5.5 Model output by the algorithm from an input set of250 surface points acquired off the pencH holder shawn in Figure 5.12. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-11-the-faces-at-left-shown-in-bold-cannot-be-merged-1jgezeds.png Figure 5.11 The faces at left (shown in bold) cannot be merged together, as indicated by their dual, which forms a cycle. If they belong to a unique equivalence class, the algorithm does not attempt to merge them. In contrast, the faces at right can be merged. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-9-illustration-of-the-graph-for-frame-fa-as-weil-as-23ktsaie.png Figure 4.9 Illustration of the graph for frame Fa as weil as cif the partitioning of Ifl3 with respect to Fa. https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-ionospheric-tomography-by-an-improved-3i2b9q7sl9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-error-statistics-of-the-reconstructed-ied-based-on-3g49h0db.png Table 2 Error statistics of the reconstructed IED based on ART and LART algorithms using real GPS data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-contour-plots-of-the-modeled-and-the-reconstructed-1tkhwr1l.png Figure 1. Contour plots of the modeled and the reconstructed ionspheric electron density distribution at longitude110 E° , and IED is expressed in the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-ied-image-obtained-from-numerical-ionospheric-1u70s2pv.png Figure 2. A IED image obtained from numerical ionospheric model and two reconstruction process of five-iteration by the two algorithms. The unit of https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-error-statistics-of-the-reconstructed-ied-based-on-qa61jvhi.png Table 1 Error statistics of the reconstructed IED based on two algorithms by using simulated data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-comparison-among-the-modeled-ied-profiles-with-n5uy5ufw.png Figure 3. A Comparison among the modeled IED profiles with the IRI2001 model and the reconstructed IED profiles by the IART and the ART at the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparisons-of-ied-profiles-obtained-from-the-iart-3goalpqu.png Figure 6 Comparisons of IED profiles obtained from the IART (solid line), ionosonde data (dash line) and the ART (dash dot line). The IED is express https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-contour-plots-of-the-modeled-and-the-reconstructed-2itgc006.png Figure 1. Contour plots of the modeled and the reconstructed ionspheric electron density distribution at longitude110 E° , and IED is expressed in the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tomographic-reconstruction-images-using-ground-3vwz5jvg.png Figure 4. Tomographic reconstruction images using ground-based and space-based occultation GPS data on 19 August 2003. Each image represents https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-modeling-of-geocell-reinforced-straight-bos62yj4xr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-total-displacment-vectors-drawn-at-the-same-scale-for-242kas9v.png Fig. 13. Total displacment vectors drawn at the same scale for straight 968 embankment after the 20th cycle: (a) unreinforced; (b) geocell at base; (c) 969 geocell 50 mm above the base; (df) zoomed-in views of the left-hand-side 970 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-triaxial-test-specimen-simulated-by-a-spheres-b-clumps-14bd5hfm.png Fig. 4. Triaxial test specimen simulated by: (a) spheres; (b) clumps. 906 907 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-geocell-panel-a-at-embankment-base-b-50-mm-above-the-1x3u9d11.png Fig. 7. Geocell panel: (a) at embankment base; (b) 50 mm above the base; (c) 932 3D perspective: infilled with ballast; and (d) 3D perspective: simulated using 933 spheres. 934 935 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-micro-properties-for-geocell-1029-20g2rr3m.png Table 1. Micro-properties for geocell 1029 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-locations-of-maximum-strain-1025-1026-1027-kkslb6mm.png Figure 21 Locations of maximum strain. 1025 1026 1027 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-illustration-on-the-calculation-methodology-of-33bl8d3z.png Figure 20 Illustration on the calculation methodology of strain in geocell: (a) 1021 before displacement; (b) after displacement. 1022 1023 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-geocell-panel-strains-1038-2diatqvr.png Table 4. Geocell panel strains 1038 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-micro-properties-for-ballast-clumps-1035-3jq78s36.png Table 3. Micro-properties for ballast clumps 1035 https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-isometric-strength-of-neck-muscles-in-1tpslmxck7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-neck-strength-studies-1p6h3ip1.png Table 2. Comparison of Neck Strength Studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-anthropometric-and-postural-data-means-and-standard-1lovgute.png Table 1. Anthropometric and Postural Data (Means and Standard Deviations) of Participants in Strength Experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-setup-for-neck-strength-measurement-9yfuetd1.png Figure 1. Experimental setup for neck strength measurement. Headholder with pads was attached to a load cell located behind the subject’s head, and thick straps restrained the shoulders and torso. Real-time feedback of three moments was provided to the subject throughout each trial. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-maximum-moments-normalized-to-extension-means-and-3u3lnbgr.png Figure 3. Maximum moments normalized to extension. Means and standard deviations for 11 men and 5 women. Moments were resolved at the midpoint of the line between the spinous process of C7 and the sternal notch. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-parameters-for-variation-of-maximum-3pr6hynj.png Table 3. Regression Parameters for Variation of Maximum Moment With Cervical Level: All Subject Data Pooled https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-changing-point-of-moment-resolution-2i40dsjl.png Figure 2. Effect of changing point of moment resolution. Moments were resolved at the midpoint of the line between the spinous process of C7 and the sternal notch, C4 (equivalent center of rotation of a biomechanical model),23 and the mastoid process. The maximum moments (means and standard deviations) of 11 men and 5 women are grouped. https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-numerical-analysis-of-screw-compressor-vo1qrk1jsy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-oil-injected-screw-compressor-with-n-rotors-108i7ytx.png Figure 3 Oil injected screw compressor with ‘N’ rotors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-drawing-and-photograph-of-5-6-male-and-female-n-3ope47l9.png Figure 4 Drawing and photograph of 5/6 male and female ‘N’ rotors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-numerical-grid-for-oil-injected-screw-compressor-1euzmbhv.png Figure 5 Numerical grid for oil injected screw compressor with 444830 cells https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-compressor-test-layout-and-the-computer-screen-2m3i0o7x.png Figure 6 Compressor test layout and the computer screen https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-comparison-of-the-integral-parameters-at-5000-rpm-231x7n31.png Figure 14 Comparison of the integral parameters at 5000 rpm shaft speed https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-torque-on-the-male-and-female-rotors-u1tth88t.png Figure 13 Torque on the male and female rotors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-pressure-shaft-angle-diagram-comparison-of-cfd-36mz3ox0.png Figure 11 Pressure-shaft angle diagram, comparison of CFD calculations and measurements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-radial-bearing-forces-acting-on-supporting-un7g8yr4.png Figure 12 Radial bearing forces acting on supporting bearings compared for CFD and onedimensional model https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-numerical-simulations-of-thermal-uilp0t3y7s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-isodensity-surfaces-inside-the-full-simulation-box-of-iywjwpa9.png Fig. 11.—Isodensity surfaces inside the full simulation box of size 10 kpc in model K0512 (left images), in model S0512 (middle images), and in model R0512 (right images). The top images are at 3tcool in model K0512, at 6tcool in model S0512, and at 11tcool in model R0512. The bottom images are at 4tcool in model K0512, at 10tcool in model S0512, and at 19tcool in model R0512. Green surfaces correspond to 10 0 , yellow surfaces to 10 2 0 , and red surfaces to 10 3 0 , as in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-time-evolution-of-the-number-of-clouds-nc-in-the-3qcle711.png Fig. 10.—Time evolution of the number of clouds, Nc, in the three models with different initial density power spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-parameters-for-simulations-2relbgj6.png TABLE 1 Model Parameters for Simulations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spin-parameter-ks-1-4-j-je1-2g-j-gm-5-2-as-a-function-31mal93j.png Fig. 5.—Spin parameter ks ¼ J jE1=2G j/GM 5 =2 as a function of cloudmass,Mc , for clouds with Mc 107 M . Red squares are for model S1024, blue triangles are for model S0512, and green circles are for model D0512 at 16tcool. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-evolution-of-the-density-power-spectrum-in-models-2qzhq61h.png Fig. 9.—Evolution of the density power spectrum in models K0512 and R0512. Circles represent the initial power spectrum at t ¼ 0, and lines represent the power spectrum at tcool, 2tcool, 3tcool, . . . , 20tcool. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-mass-fraction-f-t-of-gas-as-a-function-of-temperature-1bbmduk6.png Fig. 14.—Mass fraction, f (T ), of gas as a function of temperature at three different times in models S0512 and C0512. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cooling-function-l-t-n2h-of-cie-cooling-for-a-gas-with-3k5ecj0p.png Fig. 1.—Cooling function, L(T ) /n2H, of CIE cooling for a gas with zero metallicity (solid line). The dotted line is for the mock H2 cooling adopted in model C0512. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-differential-number-of-clouds-dnc-d-logmc-energy-3n0eavx4.png Fig. 13.—Differential number of clouds dNc /d( logMc), energy ratio 2(ET þ EK )/jEGj, and specific angular momentum jc as a function of cloud mass, Mc , in models C0512 and D0512, as well as in models S0512 for comparison. The left panels are at 5tcool , and the right panels are at 15tcool , respectively, for all three models. Here jc is in cgs units. https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-optical-control-of-individual-quantum-dots-462yzfkqpa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-intensity-fluctuations-of-the-attached-quantum-dot-36q4e5do.png Figure 4. Intensity fluctuations of the attached quantum dot shown in Figure 3b. (a) Time evolution of the intensity. All data points (continuous line) as well as the average from from a sliding window of 10 data points (thick dots) are shown. (b) Corresponding intensity distribution histogram which shows two peaks indicating blinking of the quantum dot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-power-spectrum-of-positions-visited-by-an-optically-28myqo5x.png Figure 5. Power spectrum of positions visited by an optically trapped quantum dot in a direction orthogonal to the trapping laser beam. The solid line is the Lorentzian fit to the data and the punctuated lines represent the error bars. The corner frequency of the Lorentzian fit is 180 Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pictures-of-a-biotinylated-surface-under-the-2bh8gre5.png Figure 3. Pictures of a biotinylated surface under the optical trap: (a) the surface before a streptavidin-coated quantum dot is trapped (another quantum dot is attached to the surface); (b) the same part of the surface after lowering a trapped streptavidin-coated quantum dot until it attaches to the surface. The exposure time is 1.8 s, thus integrating over several on states of the quantum dots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-time-series-of-the-photodiode-signal-in-the-vpo57gex.png Figure 1. A time series of the photodiode signal. In the beginning (blue) only a single quantum dot is in the trap, and the photodiode signal translates directly to the position of the quantum dot. After about 25 min (notice the discontinuous time axis), another quantum dot enters the trap and the photodiode signal broadens (red). After 35 min a third particle enters the trap and the signal broadens even further (purple). During the last part of the time series shown (gray) at least four quantum dots are in the trap. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-three-histograms-from-parts-of-the-photodiode-38nl8pq1.png Figure 2. Three histograms from parts of the photodiode signal time series shown in Figure 1. The most narrow histogram (blue) corresponds to the part of the time series where only a single quantum dot is in the trap and where the photodiode signal can be directly translated into the position of the quantum dot. The broader histogram (red) corresponds to the part of the time series with two quantum dots in the trap. The broadest histogram (gray) results from at least four quantum dots in the trap. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-how-the-value-of-polarizability-r-e0-depends-on-the-bkyppmpy.png Figure 6. How the value of polarizability, R/ε0 depends on the choices of the trap width σ and the QD core radius rcore: (a) in the calculation which is based on the experimentally measured κ, eq 5; (b) in the calculation based on the Claussius-Mossotti relation, eq 6. https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-photonic-dirac-points-in-metamaterials-4newuoocfm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-reflection-spectrum-around-a-dirac-point-a-2hbq2im6.png Fig. 2. Reflection spectrum around a Dirac point. (a) Configuration of the reflection calculatioin and Dirac points (two blue dots) in momentum space. One plane wave is https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-band-structure-of-bulk-states-with-a-3s-a-effective-32579kpn.png Fig. 1. Band structure of bulk states with α= = 3ς . (a) Effective bulk band structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dirac-points-with-realistic-metamaterial-structure-a-1vi8j8cx.png Fig. 5 Dirac points with realistic metamaterial structure. (a) The metamaterial structure with top view of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-surface-states-indicated-by-power-flow-simulated-in-3d-mvpt1s8f.png Fig. 4. Surface states indicated by power flow simulated in 3D by CST time domain. The (a) spin-up and (b) spin-down surface states propagate helically along z direction clockwise and anti-clockwise respectively, on the surface of cuboid effective material which is capsulated by vacuum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bulk-and-surface-states-of-the-effective-medium-a-3d-2evhoxuo.png Fig. 3. Bulk and surface states of the effective medium, (a) 3D band structures of bulk and surface states of the effective medium. Spin-up (Spin-down) surface state between two Dirac points and vacuum is indicated by the red (blue) surface. The blue and red lines highlight the photonic “Fermi arcs” at Dirac point. Equi-frequency contours at two different frequencies could be seen in (b) and (c) corresponding to the frequency at Dirac point and below it, respectively. The red and blue lines in (b) and (c) represent the spin up and spin down topological surface states, while the black lines represent the effective material and vacuum bulk states. https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-phase-field-modeling-of-inhomogeneous-gas-f1roywlx7i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-activity-coefficient-gt-of-target-component-t-uksiwmy1.png Figure 3. Activity coefficient γT of target component (T = ethanol) in ternary mixtures of T with water (W) and an unspecified component (U = acetic acid, methyl acetate, or 2-butanone) at 298 K and 1 bar. The molar ratio of T / W is 0.044 for all systems. No information on the https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-assignment-of-13-c-nmr-chemical-shift-regions-to-3d4k8x6l.png Table 1. Assignment of 13 C NMR chemical shift regions to chemical groups used in the present work in NEAT. In the last column, examples for other chemical groups with signals in the same chemical shift region are given. In NEAT, these groups are, if present, represented by the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-activity-coefficients-gt-of-target-components-t-14-1pvfkwa2.png Figure 2. Activity coefficients γT of target components (T = 1,4-butanediol or acetone) in five-145 component mixtures of T with water (W) and a mixture of three unspecified components (U = cyclohexanone, acetonitrile, methyl acetate) or (U = D-xylose, acetic acid, methyl acetate) at 298 K and 1 bar. The mass ratio of the three unspecified components is always 1:1:1. The molar ratio of T / W is 0.022 for T = 1,4-butanediol and 0.040 for T = acetone. No information on the unspecified components (U) was used in the NEAT method. Lines: results from UNIFAC for the 150 fully specified mixture. Symbols: predictions with the NEAT method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-activity-coefficients-gt-of-target-components-t-3krse375.png Figure 1. Activity coefficients γT of target components (T = citric acid or ethanol) in ternary 125 mixtures of T with water (W) and D-glucose (U) at 298 K and 1 bar. The molar ratio of T / W is 0.011 for T = citric acid and 0.049 for T = ethanol. No information on D-glucose (U) was used in the NEAT method. Lines: results from UNIFAC for the fully specified mixture. Symbols: predictions with the NEAT method. https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-residual-channel-attention-networks-4fatml64t2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-confocal-to-sted-microscopy-restoration-with-rcan-a-3fbrpjb1.png Fig. 3, Confocal- to STED- microscopy restoration with RCAN. a) Example confocal input (left), RCAN 777 prediction (middle) and ground truth STED (right) images for fixed mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) 778 cells with microtubules stained with ATTO647-secondary antibodies against anti--tubulin primary 779 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-residual-channel-attention-networks-denoise-super-3h3si3fp.png Fig. 1, Residual channel attention networks denoise super-resolution data. 724 a) Residual channel attention network (RCAN) architecture used throughout this work. Matched low 725 and high SNR image volumes are used to train our RCAN, a residual in residual structure which consists 726 of several residual groups (dark blue, red outline) with long skip connections. Each residual group itself 727 contains additional residual channel attention blocks (RCAB, light blue, blue outline) with short skip 728 connections, convolution, rectified linear unit (ReLu), sigmoid, and pooling operations. Long and short 729 skip connections, as well as short-cuts within the residual blocks, allow abundant low-frequency 730 information to be bypassed through such identity-based skip connections, facilitating the learning of 731 high frequency information. A channel attention mechanism within the RCAB further aids the 732 representational ability of the network in learning high-resolution information. b) Left: noisy raw 733 instant SIM (iSIM) data acquired with low-intensity illumination, low-noise deconvolved ground truth 734 (GT) data acquired with high-intensity illumination, RCAN, CARE, SRResNet, and ESRGAN output. Lateral 735 (upper) and axial (lower) cross sections are shown. Samples are fixed U2OS cells expressing mEmerald-736 Tomm20, imaged via iSIM. Right: Comparison of network output using structural similarity index (SSIM) 737 and peak signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR). Means and standard deviations are reported, obtained from N = 738 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-using-expansion-microscopy-to-improve-spatial-3fb4p4n0.png Fig. 4, Using expansion microscopy to improve spatial resolution in fixed and live instant structured 798 illumination microscopy (iSIM). a) Simplified schematic showing generation of synthetic data used for 799 training RCAN network. Post-expansion data are acquired and deconvolved, generating ground truth 800 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rcan-resolution-enhancement-assayed-with-simulated-dvr39pjg.png Fig. 2, RCAN resolution enhancement assayed with simulated spherical phantoms. a) Noiseless mages 761 of simulated spherical phantoms were created (High Resolution) and blurred (Low Resolution), 762 https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-sulfite-oxidase-bioanodes-basedon-graphene-59bw9jfkiq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-average-polarization-and-power-density-curves-of-a-2km20i4q.png Figure 6. Average polarization and power density curves of (a) control FCs and (b) EBFCs at 30 °C based on the 3rd to 6th measurements. (c) OCV and maximum power density of EBFCs and control FCs for six consecutive measurements at 30 °C. (d) Performance of EBFCs at different temperatures. All FCs were fed with Tris-acetate buffer (750 mM, pH 8.4) containing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-c1s-xps-spectra-of-a-cpg-b-cpg-g-p-and-c-cpg-g-p-r-cgqgetfy.png Figure 2. C1s XPS spectra of (a) CPG, (b) CPG/G-P and (c) CPG/G-P/R. (d) Raman spectra of various electrodes. Black dot-curves in (a), (b) and (c) are experimental data. The GO nanomaterials show a negative zeta potential (-7.8 ± 0.2 mV) in 750 mM Tris-acetate buffer solution (pH 8.4) because of the presence of oxygenated species, Table S2. Introduction of PEI with higher MWs increases the positive electrostatic charge of G-P nanomaterials except for G-P with the lowest MW (800 g mol-1), which might be due to the weaker dispersion ability of the short polymer chains for the reduced GO produced. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-electrocatalytic-responses-of-g-p-r-hso-fkeyulv1.png Figure 4. (a) Electrocatalytic responses of G-P/R/hSO bioelectrodes for increasing concentrations of Na2SO3 by adding different amounts of Na2SO3 stock solutions (150 mM) under stirring. The catalytic behavior of various bioelectrodes (b) fabricated by different electroreduction procedures, (c) with different amounts of graphene (RGO), and (d) with different MWs of PEI. The solid lines in (b), (c) and (d) are fitting curves for Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Effects of (e) pH and (f) ionic strength of buffer on the performance of G-P/R/hSO bioelectrodes towards 1.0 mM Na2SO3 operated at 0 V vs. Ag/AgCl. All measurements were conducted in oxygen-free Tris-acetate buffer solution under stirring. Here, graphene is crucial for enhancing the conductivity and surface area of CP. In the absence of graphene (RGO), PEI/R/hSO electrodes show smaller catalytic current compared to GP/R/hSO, Figure 4c. G-P nanomaterials with the concentrations 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg mL-1 graphene and 10 mg mL-1 PEI, were used to optimize the amount of graphene for the hSO bioelectrodes. The saturation catalytic current increases with increasing graphene https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-eis-and-b-cvs-at-100-mv-s-1-of-bare-cpg-g-p-g-p-r-86qdcm6y.png Figure 3. (a) EIS and (b) CVs at 100 mV s-1 of bare CPG, G-P, G-P/R and G-P/R/hSO electrodes recorded for 100 mM oxygen-free KCl with 5.0 mM K4[Fe(CN)6]. Inset at the right corner in (a): the equivalent circuit used to fit impedance data; Rs: electrolyte solution resistance, Rct: interfacial electron transfer resistance, CPEdl and CPEp: constant phase element of the electrode double layer and polarization, respectively. Inset at the left side in (a): the magnified EIS of G-P and G-P/R electrodes. (c) CVs of the G-P/R/hSO, G-P/R, and R/hSO electrodes and (d) G-P/R/hSO and G-P/hSO bioelectrodes in oxygen-free Tris-acetate buffer solutions (750 mM, pH 8.4) without (dashed) and with (solid) 1.0 mM Na2SO3; scan rate: 5 mV s-1. Effects of Electroreduction on Bioelectrocatalysis. To further understand how the electroreduction treatment remarkably promotes the heterogeneous bioelectrocatalysis, the activity of all washing buffer solution and the washed bioelectrodes has been assayed, Figure S13. It seems that the immobilization of hSO on aggregated substrate does not significantly change the activity, since the total relative enzyme activities (immobilized and detached portion) of G-P/R/hSO and G-P/hSO are 86 ± 5 and 97 ± 3% of the drop-casted enzyme, respectively, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sem-images-of-a-cpg-inset-bare-cp-b-cpg-g-p-c-cpg-g-1z8qfen7.png Figure 1. SEM images of (a) CPG (inset: bare CP), (b) CPG/G-P, (c) CPG/G-P/R and (d) GP/R/hSO on CPG electrodes; scale bar: 50 µm. XPS was used to examine the surface chemical composition, especially the carbon bonding states of the CP, CPG, CPG/G-P and CPG/G-P/R electrodes. The narrow spectra for C1s are well fitted by peaks at 284.5 ± 0.1, 285.0 ± 0.1, 285.9 ± 0.1, 286.6 ± 0.1, 287.4 ± 0.1 and 288.6 ± 0.1 eV, assigned to carbon atoms in C-sp2, C-sp3, C-N, C-O, C=O and COOH, 4, 35, 40, 48 respectively, Figure S5b and Figure 2. The percent contribution of each carbon species, namely the relative peak area of each fitted component to the total carbon species, and values of the binding energy are summarized in Table S1. After coating of the CP by GOs, the relative amount of oxygenated carbon species, i.e., C-O, C=O and COOH, drastically increases from 4.0, 2.7 and 4.0% (of all carbon species) for CP to 20.7, 16.7 and 6.4% for CPG, respectively, Table S1. Such large amounts of oxygenated species originate from the GO film formed on the CP electrode.48 The unexpected small amount of C-N species (Table S1) is likely from the inevitable impurities in CP. As expected, the presence of G-P nanomaterials increases the peak intensity of C-N 14-fold (from 1.6 for CPG to 22.9% for CPG/G-P), indicating successful functionalization of CPG with G-P. After electrochemical reduction of the CPG/G-P electrode, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-stability-b-current-density-with-det-and-met-with-23jota2x.png Figure 5. (a) Stability, (b) current density with DET and MET with 0.10 mM mediator TMPD, (c) effects of dioxygen competition and (d) storage lifetime of the G-P/R/hSO bioelectrodes in 1.0 mM Na2SO3 operated at 0 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Except for the investigation on effects of dioxygen competition, all measurements refer to oxygen-free Tris-acetate buffer (750 mM, pH 8.4). D: degassed, N: non-degassed solution The storage lifetime of the hSO bioelectrode was investigated by storing the electrodes at 4 °C in a high-humid atmosphere. The bioelectrode activity has reduced by around 10% and 30% after one day and three days, respectively, Figure 5d. After one week of storage, the current has dropped by 50%. A decrease of 34% of the initial response over 180 min was observed https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-catalytic-performance-jm-and-kcat-of-3gt8es1i.png Table 1. Comparison of catalytic performance (jm and kcat) of hSO immobilized on different modified electrodes with DET reported in literature. https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-speckle-tracking-echocardiography-allows-4rkibz7an1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-images-from-three-dimensional-full-volume-dataset-3kgtaj2h.png Figure 1. Images from three-dimensional full-volume dataset showing left atrium in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A. apical four-chamber view, B. apical two-chamber view, C3. parasternal short-axis view at basal, C5. mid- and C7. superior left atrial level. The semiautomated left atrial border definition and three-dimensional “wire” reconstruction of the left atrium based on three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiographic analysis are also presented. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-3se13uwr.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-2s4wxxjs.png TABLE III https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-kvvqe205.png TABLE IV https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-time-strain-curves-of-16-left-atrial-3vornja3.png Figure 2. Examples of time-strain curves of 16 left atrial segments in a healthy control subject A. and in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy B. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-2mtmy1ed.png TABLE II https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-thermal-analysis-of-a-high-level-waste-3mviz329i5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-three-dimensional-un-i-t-ce-l-l-fo-r-trump-model-of-a-114tauuv.png FIG. 1 . Three-dimensional un i t ce l l fo r TRUMP model of a geologic sal t https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-two-dimensional-f-i-n-i-t-e-d-i-f-ference-mesh-usea-cbvqtn3z.png FIG. 4. Two-dimensional f i n i t e d i f ference mesh usea for sections 4 to 9. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-temperature-at-different-locations-1378xvvp.png TABLE 5. Comparison of temperature at different locations after 50 years. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-8-effect-of-temperature-as-a-function-of-time-for-case-7gqlh00h.png FIG. A-8. Effect of temperature as a function of time for case 4 (node 1000). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-two-dimensional-f-i-n-i-t-e-di-f-ference-mesh-used-fo-20un9uxv.png FIG. 3. Two-dimensional f i n i t e di f ference mesh used fo r sections 1 to 3 and 10 t o 14. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-7-effect-if-temperature-as-a-function-of-time-for-case-2ss2h0eb.png FIG. A-7. Effect .if temperature as a function of time for case 4 (nodes 601 : 602, and 623). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-9-effect-of-temperature-as-a-function-of-time-for-case-2i1ocg7b.png FIG. A-9. Effect of temperature as a function of time for case 5 (nodes 601, 602, and 623). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-of-temperature-at-different-locations-1othtp5e.png TABLE 6. Comparison of temperature at different locations after 25 and 50 years. https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-wedge-filling-in-ordered-and-disordered-3yd6yaj4gs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-substrate-interface-interaction-paths-dashed-lines-2mmeozcg.png Figure 5. Substrate-interface interaction paths (dashed lines) for the wedge filling transition in the model of Rejmer et al [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-schematic-picture-of-the-tilt-fluctuations-of-the-1pzz7777.png Figure 7. Schematic picture of the tilt fluctuations of the filled region in a section of a 3D wedge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-plot-of-the-reduced-midpoint-interface-height-lw-xb-3m8g7avb.png Figure 4. Plot of the reduced midpoint interface height, lw/ξb, against the reduced surface magnetisation, m1/m0, for a range of α between approximately 15◦ (bottom) and 75◦ (top). The dashed line corresponds to α = 45◦. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plot-of-the-contact-angle-at-the-filling-transition-fpiawx5q.png Figure 3. Plot of the contact angle at the filling transition, θ, against the wedge angle, α. The error bars on θ lie within the circles. The continuous line corresponds to the theoretical prediction Equation (5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-vapour-liquid-interface-at-complete-wetting-in-3kg2xxas.png Figure 6. The vapour-liquid interface at complete wetting in a constrained geometry across the x−axis. See text for explanation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-typical-capped-wedge-geometry-used-for-the-landau-mpetzpz3.png Figure 2. Typical capped wedge geometry used for the Landau numerical calculations. The magnetisation has a fixed value m1 at the wedge boundaries and the bulk value m0 at z = L1. Here, α = 45◦ and L1 = L2 ≈ 30ξb. Two solutions corresponding to either side of a filling transition are shown: the lower interface for m1/m0 = 0.5 and the upper interface for m1/m0 = 0.55. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-illustration-of-a-typical-interfacial-5cxr7kwf.png Figure 1. Schematic illustration of a typical interfacial configuration in the 3D wedge geometry and the typical diverging lengthscales at the filling transition. Note that lw = 〈l0〉. https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-wind-field-modeling-a-review-8q74v1hzz4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-finite-difference-stencils-used-in-point-iterative-1bpbwfd7.png Figure 1. Finite-Difference Stencils Used in Point-Iterative Schemes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-imagined-periodic-terrain-variation-assumed-by-1zl812gc.png Figure 5. Imagined Periodic Terrain Variation Assumed by Linear Theory https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-parameterization-of-a2-as-a-function-of-strouhal-xq4wkre5.png Figure 3. Parameterization of α2 as a Function of Strouhal Number, St https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-linearized-model-of-flow-past-an-isolated-hill-33z9qgl3.png Figure 4. Linearized Model of Flow Past an Isolated Hill https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-choice-of-boundary-conditions-for-l-z0pttx25.png Figure 2. Choice of Boundary Conditions for λ https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-morphology-of-diagnostic-wind-models-8gepo2ki.png Table 1: Morphology of Diagnostic Wind Models https://scispace.com/papers/three-level-inverter-scheme-with-common-mode-voltage-12llhk0dbw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-effect-of-switching-combinations-from-usv-and-lsv-3iv8cjzg.png TABLE IV EFFECT OF SWITCHING COMBINATIONS FROM USV AND LSV GROUPS ON THE CAPACITOR VOLTAGES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dc-link-balancing-with-momentary-reduction-in-2j2ydr4t.png Fig. 6. DC link balancing with momentary reduction in modulation index [Scale: Top Trace: X axis—1 div = 0.1 s, Y axis: 1 div = 100 V, Bottom Trace 1: X axis: 1 div = 0.1 s, Y axis: 1 div = 50 V]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-capacitor-voltages-when-the-closed-loop-dc-link-2pt9ybyo.png Fig. 7. Capacitor voltages when the closed loop dc link voltage balancing scheme is turned off in regenerating mode [Scale: X axis—1 div = 0.1 s, Y axis: Trace1 1 div = 20 V, Trace2 1 div = 2 N m, Trace3 1 div = 10 rad/sec, Trace4 1 div = 200 V, 4 A]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-switching-combinations-for-three-level-inverter-with-gj7z5rc3.png Fig. 1. Switching combinations for three-level inverter with common mode voltage elimination. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-inverter-induction-motor-system-model-1865mts3.png Fig. 3. Inverter-induction motor system model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-the-proposed-three-level-inverter-drive-spiw2awr.png Fig. 2. Schematic of the proposed three-level inverter drive fed from single converter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-dc-link-voltages-and-machine-phase-current-under-397srheh.png Fig. 11. DC link voltages and machine phase current under machine, operating in inner layer, is accelerated to outer-layer and then to over-modulation. Top Traces: V and V , bottom trace: Phase current. [Scale: X-axis: 1 div = 20 V (bottom trace), Y -axis: 1 div= 2 A (top trace) 2 A, Y -axis: 1 div= 2 s]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-dc-link-voltages-and-machine-phase-current-under-1h7sqerb.png Fig. 12. DC link voltages and machine phase current under while machine operating in inner layer is subjected to speed reversal. Top Trace: Phase current, bottom trace: v and v [Scale: Y -axis: 1 div = 20 V (bottom trace), Y -axis :1 div= 2 A (top trace)., X-axis: 1 div = 2 s]. https://scispace.com/papers/three-new-species-of-hyposmocoma-lepidoptera-cosmopterigidae-3bzghp7ae5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-case-types-of-hyposmocoma-kapakai-from-specimens-28fcl23j.png FIGURE 17. Case types of Hyposmocoma kapakai from specimens collected from Makapu’u (top) and Sandy Beach (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-subcostal-brush-of-hyposmocoma-kaupo-5hilhay3.png FIGURE 4. Subcostal brush of Hyposmocoma kaupo. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-uncorrected-intraspecific-and-interspecific-genetic-1qv5wn7i.png TABLE 1. Uncorrected intraspecific and interspecific genetic distances among the three Hyposmocoma species for COI (left) and EF1 (right) fragments, with standard deviation in brackets. https://scispace.com/papers/three-new-goatfishes-of-the-genus-upeneus-mullidae-from-the-sbkdhqnl5k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-overview-of-all-valid-upeneus-species-and-species-235g2pgr.png TABLE 12. Overview of all valid Upeneus species and species groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-f-upeneus-margarethae-a-ht-saiab-82217-82-mm-sl-xstzey8e.png FIGURE 2. (A–F) Upeneus margarethae; (A) HT, SAIAB 82217, 82 mm SL, WIO, Mozambique, off Beira (O. Alvheim); (B) SMF 35030, 90 mm SL, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia, off Jizan, (S.V. Bogorodsky); (C) 86 mm SL, Tuticorin, S India (K.K. Bineesh); (D) SAIAB 203480, 95 mm SL, EIO, Myanmar, NW od Basuhino Island (P. Psomadakis; side-reversed image); (E) CSIRO CA 3052, 98 mm SL, EIO, NW Australia, off Port Hedland (CSIRO staff); (F) subadult, 47 mm SL, EIO, Thailand, Kampuan Mangrove forest, Suksamran, Ranong (S. Ratmuangkhwang); (G, H) U. randalli: (G) HT, BPBM 33180, 101 mm SL, Arabian/ Persian Gulf, off S Kuwait, (J.E. Randall); (H) BPBM29498, 60 mm SL, Bahrain (J.E. Randall). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-means-f-values-of-anova-p-values-for-significant-p-0-1hhnk7ke.png TABLE 3. Means, F-values of ANOVA, p-values for significant (p≤0.01) differences and results from multiple comparisons with Scheffe test for residuals of morphometric characters (values transformed by multiplication with 1000) in the three populations of Upeneus margarethae. Letters in parentheses refer to pairs of populations showing no significant differences. Area abbreviations are explained in legend of Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-upeneus-heterospinus-n-sp-a-hifire-58231-123-mm-sl-37lv8mu0.png FIGURE 10. Upeneus heterospinus n. sp.; (A) HIFIRE 58231, 123 mm SL, N of Hon Tre Island, Nha Trang, South-central Vietnam, live tank photo (F. Uiblein); (B) subadult or small adult specimen (ca. 6–7 cm SL) encountered during dive off Phu Quoc, S Vietnam (F. Uiblein); (C) adult amongst three U. asymmetricus (with red oblique head bars), Chocolate Point, Malapascua Island, Chocolate Island, Philippines, 12 m depth; (D) adult, Yao Island, Bantayan Islands, Philippines; (E) adult, resting, Nocnocan Island, Bohol, Philippines (C-E: P. & G. Poppe - www.poppe-images.com) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-four-morphometric-characters-in-adults-of-three-3j3zh5wc.png FIGURE 5. Four morphometric characters in adults of three Upeneus species of the margarethae group against SL and each other. For Upeneus margarethae, the three populations are indicated by different symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-three-morphometric-characters-against-sl-and-2i314ee4.png FIGURE 12. Three morphometric characters against SL and pelvic-fin length against barbel length in adults of Upeneus heterospinus n. sp., U. mouthami and U. spottocaudalis. For Upeneus heterospinus n. sp., the three populations and additional specimens from other areas are indicated by different symbols. The distinction among U. heterospinus n. sp. and the two other species is indicated by dotted, continuous, and dashed outlines, respectively. The data for the specimen from S Japan identified here as U. heterospinus n. sp. were taken from Bandai et al. (2018). The data for U. spottocaudalis are from Uiblein et al. (2017). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-upeneus-heterospinus-n-sp-a-ht-vnmn-i-2015-91-mm-sl-1thdxy83.png FIGURE 9. Upeneus heterospinus n sp.; (A) HT, VNMN-I 2015, 91 mm SL, N of Hon Tre Island, Nha Trang, South-central Vietnam (D.A. Pavlov); (B) PT, VNMN-I 2026, 100 mm SL, same locality; (C) VNMN-I 2019, 56 mm SL, subadult (D.A. Pavlov) (D) VNMN-I 2038, 108 mm SL, Van Don, Ha Long Bay, N Vietnam (D.A. Pavlov & F. Uiblein); (E) CSIRO H 7364-02, 127 mm SL, Tanjung Luar, Lombok, Indonesia (W.T. White), (F) CSIRO H 8409-02, 65 mm SL, same locality (W.T. White) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-occurrence-frequency-of-fresh-barbel-colour-adults-19g2p7vh.png TABLE 6. Occurrence frequency of fresh barbel colour (adults and subadults) and pigmentation degree for the six margarethae-group species, three populations of two species, and all studied subadults, with results of statistical comparisons by Chi2 test for the three dominant species and the populations. Letters in parentheses refer to pairs of species or populations showing no significant differences. Area abbreviations are explained in legend of Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/three-s-company-wall-street-capitol-hill-and-k-street-b136fs1z8v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-lobbying-connections-and-probability-of-switch-to-rrlycgj4.png Table 9. Lobbying, Connections, and Probability of Switch to Being in Favor of Deregulation: Robustness to Additional Controls https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-probability-of-switch-and-legislator-characteristics-2e8o0e3l.png Table 6. Probability of Switch and Legislator Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-targeted-political-activity-campaign-contributions-3ipgbg7o.png Table 1. Targeted Political Activity Campaign Contributions and Lobbying Expenditures (millions of dollars) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-passage-of-bills-2d6nmx3i.png Table 3. Passage of Bills https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-robustness-alternative-measures-of-legislator-s-1zdpw79y.png Table 10. Robustness: Alternative Measures of Legislator's Stance https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-probability-of-switch-and-pac-contributions-2hcuc4j0.png Table 7. Probability of Switch and PAC Contributions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-statistics-p87mdtrk.png Table 4. Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-hiring-of-lobbyists-on-reincarnations-of-bills-in-352qgc4r.png Table 8. Hiring of Lobbyists on Reincarnations of Bills (in percent of total number of lobbyists working on the bill) https://scispace.com/papers/threonine-phosphorylation-regulates-the-molecular-assembly-3toil2bkh6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-single-pair-fret-measurement-of-the-egfr-tm-jm-3fi9pfzq.png Figure 2. Single-pair FRET measurement of the EGFR TM-JM dimers in nanodiscs. (a) 702 Fluorescence micrograph of nanodiscs illuminated with a green laser. Cy3 (green) and 703 Cy5 (red) emissions were superimposed. The Cy5 emission was caused by FRET from 704 Cy3. (b) Representative fluorescence trajectories of Cy3 (green) and Cy5 (red). Black 705 allows indicate photobleaching points of Cy5. (c) FRET efficiency trajectories of the 706 fluorescence trajectories in (b). The FRET efficiency, EFRET, was calculated as described 707 in the Materials and Methods section. Typical fluorescence and FRET trajectories 708 between peptides labeled at the C-terminus are shown. Transitions to low FRET 709 efficiency states suggested that dissociation of the JM dimer occurred occasionally. The 710 Förster radius R0 between Cy3 and Cy5 is 5.6 nm. 711 712 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fret-efficiency-efret-distributions-in-nanodiscs-28gebkib.png Figure 3. FRET efficiency (EFRET) distributions in nanodiscs containing a single 715 Cy3/Cy5-pair of N-terminal labeled peptides. Nanodiscs contained non-phosphorylated 716 (a–d) and Thr654 phosphorylated (e–h) peptides at the indicated lipid conditions. In (b–717 h), the distribution shown in (a) (red solid) is superimposed for comparison. The mode 718 and its 95% percentile section are indicated by solid and dashed lines, respectively. Filled 719 area in (b-h) represented the 95% percentile section of (a). See Table I for these values. 720 721 722 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-assembly-of-egfr-jm-regions-a-representative-zhjsjddf.png Figure 7. Assembly of EGFR JM regions. (a) Representative fluorescence trajectories of 758 Cy3 (green) and Cy5 (red) in nanodiscs containing two Cy3-labeled and one Cy5-labeled 759 peptide at the C-terminus. (b–i) Fluorescence intensity histograms of C-terminal-labeled 760 Cy3 peptides from nanodiscs containing two Cy3 and one Cy5 peptide before (blue) and 761 after (red) Cy5 photobleaching. Nanodiscs contained non-phosphorylated (b–e) and 762 Thr654 phosphorylated (f–i) peptides at the indicated lipid conditions. (j) Schematic 763 structures indicating proximity between three JM domains before (left and middle) and 764 after (right) Cy5 photobleaching. 765 766 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-assembly-of-egfr-tm-regions-a-representative-zr4pqxl3.png Figure 6. Assembly of EGFR TM regions. (a) Representative fluorescence trajectories of 745 Cy3 (green) and Cy5 (red) in nanodiscs containing two Cy3-labeled and one Cy5-labeled 746 peptide. Fluorescence intensities and/or two-step photobleaching dynamics after Cy5 747 photobleaching indicated that these nanodiscs contained two Cy3 peptides. (b–i) 748 Fluorescence intensity histograms of N-terminal-labeled Cy3 peptides before (blue) and 749 after (red) Cy5 photobleaching. Nanodiscs contained non-phosphorylated (b–e) and 750 Thr654 phosphorylated (f–i) peptides at the indicated lipid conditions. (j) Schematic 751 structures indicating proximity between three TM domains before (left) and after (right) 752 Cy5 photobleaching. Note that acceptance of the excitation energy from Cy3 was not 753 saturated for Cy5 under our experimental conditions, even in the presence of two Cy3 754 molecules. 755 756 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-nanobit-assay-for-the-egfr-grb2-interaction-in-zegdmonj.png Figure 11. NanoBiT assay for the EGFR/GRB2 interaction in living cells. (a) Schematic 796 illustration of the NanoBiT assay of EGFR/GRB2 interactions. (b) Typical time courses 797 of chemiluminescence signals generated from the complex formation of large BiT 798 (LgBiT)-fused EGFR and small BiT (SmBiT)-fused GRB2 after EGF application at time 799 0. The final concentration of EGF in the culture medium was varied from 0.0001 to 100 800 nM. (c) Dose dependency of the chemiluminescence intensities at 30 min after EGF 801 stimulation. The average values from four independent experiments are shown with SE. 802 Lines indicate fitting with a Hill-equation function. (d) Maximum intensities of the 803 chemiluminescence signal. The average values from four independent experiments are 804 shown with SE. (*p < 0.05 determined by t-test against the signal in wt cells without 805 PMA). (e) A schematic model of the activation and signal transduction process for EGFR 806 dimers and oligomers. 807 808 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-oligomerization-and-lateral-movements-of-egfr-on-zxqkd5qt.png Figure 10. Oligomerization and lateral movements of EGFR on the living cell surface. 780 (a) Single molecule imaging of wt EGFR on the surface of living CHO-K1 cells with 781 (right) and without (left) PMA treatment. Cells were stimulated with (lower) and without 782 (upper) EGF. Bar, 5 m. (b) Oligomer size distributions of wt (left) and T654A mutant 783 (right) EGFR in cells. The oligomer size ratio was measured before and 10 min after EGF 784 stimulation. (c) Mean square displacement (MSD) of wt (left) and T654A (right) EGFR 785 spots as a function of the time interval, indicating lateral mobility. The MSD was 786 calculated before and 10 min after EGF stimulation. In (b, c), cells were pretreated with 787 (blue, green) or without (black, red) PMA and stimulated (red, green) or not (black, blue) 788 with EGF. (d) Diagram of the oligomerization and immobilization states of wt (left) and 789 T654A mutant (right) EGFR suggested from single-molecule measurements. Arrows 790 indicate the state transitions after PMA treatment and EGF stimulation. 791 792 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-higher-order-oligomerization-of-egfr-tm-jm-peptides-2jfve7iq.png Figure 5. Higher-order oligomerization of EGFR TM-JM peptides in the nanodiscs. 737 Histograms are shown of the total fluorescence intensity of the peptides with Cy3-labeling 738 at the C-terminus in single nanodiscs containing cholesterol (blue) or not (red). Discs 739 containing no Cy5 peptide were chosen for measurement to avoid the possible effects of 740 FRET. Peptides with a non-phosphorylated (a, c) or phosphorylated (b, d) Thr654 were 741 reconstituted into nanodiscs in PC (a, b) or PC/PS (c, d) membranes. 742 743 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-thr-and-tyr-phosphorylation-of-egfr-a-thr654-dwtk8xbl.png Figure 9. Thr and Tyr phosphorylation of EGFR. (a) Thr654 phosphorylation after EGF 772 stimulation and PMA treatment. (b, c) Timecourses of Y1068 phosphorylation for the wt 773 and T654A mutant of EGFR during EGF stimulation. Typical western blotting results are 774 indicated (b, top) and the average of four independent experiments are shown with SE 775 (c). Phosphorylation levels were normalized to the expression levels of the whole EGFR 776 molecule (b, bottom). 777 778 https://scispace.com/papers/three-three-year-aging-of-prototype-flight-laser-at-10-khz-1utr19ssfr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-life-aging-and-degradation-of-similar-1pw6fugi.png Table 4. Summary of life-aging and degradation of similar systems for ATLAS/ICESAT-2 mission. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-s2-profilometry-with-50x-microscope-25u1mzx1.png Figure 18. S2 profilometry with 50X microscope. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-m2-scans-for-532-nm-corresponding-to-two-3vwmi3q8.png Figure 11. The M2 scans for 532 nm corresponding to two conditions of focusing and stress on the LBO crystal. The left scan was done at focusing corresponding to fluence level 0.28J/cm2 (Step-Stress 1) , while the right scan corresponds to the fluence level 0.93 J/cm2 (Step-Stress 2). Each scans showed five insets of false color plots of 2D spatial beam intensity profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-edu-2-energy-and-power-budget-estimates-for-shg-at-2ax9txb2.png Table 2. EDU-2 Energy and Power Budget estimates for SHG at BOL. The mission goal of ≥ 900 uJ/pulse at 532 nm was only achievable with NCPM LBO. The power is shown for mode #28. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-down-collimator-dc-schematics-the-down-collimator-3uy57scr.png Figure 5. Down-Collimator (DC) Schematics. The down-collimator was two-lens Galilean telescope with adjustable distance between lenses. By varying negative lens position - Zf2, and by translating LBO center, ZLBO, to a new waist location for each Zf2, it was possible to continuously vary waist size on LBO from ~ 0.5 mm to 1 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-changes-and-degradation-of-the-power-and-14tq17j4.png Figure 12. The changes and degradation of the power and energy for 1064 nm beam. Power and Pulse Energy measurements at 1064 nm were inconsistent with each other after ~ 5,000 hrs. Fundamental pulse energy fluctuations (especially large min energy excursions after ~9.3 kHrs) were also inconsistent with those at 532 nm. The large excursions were removed when energy meter (EM) was replaced (without recalibration to the main output beam) near 26 kHrs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-measurement-of-prepulse-after-4350-hours-of-aging-iyrtjj51.png Figure 13. Measurement of prepulse after 4350 Hours of aging. About 5 peaks were visible at about 15 us before the main pulse. Numerical integration of 1064 nm power contained in the prepulses gave about 5% and was consistent with the measurement of excess of average power between power and energy meter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-the-life-time-prediction-of-transmitter-laser-2tt6j23h.png Figure 19. The life-time prediction of transmitter laser based on 532 nm power degradation. The predicted life-time is shown versus fluence level of the 532 nm radiation. https://scispace.com/papers/threshold-and-scaling-factor-optimization-for-enhancing-3pqk8d527q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-maximum-achievable-output-snr-versus-sinr-for-the-3k5ugzsy.png Figure 5: Maximum achievable output SNR versus SINR for the blanking, clipping, conventional hybrid, adaptive hybrid and typical OFDM systems with various IN probabilities when SNR = 25 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-output-snr-gain-relative-to-the-conventional-2xzvh2s4.png Figure 6: The output SNR gain relative to the conventional hybrid scheme (T1 = 1.4T2) versus SINR for various values of p, SNR = 25 dB; simulated results for 16-QAM OFDM with N = 256. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-diagram-with-nonlinear-preprocessors-at-the-2uc8qbfk.png Figure 1: System diagram with nonlinear preprocessors at the receiver https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optimal-threshold-s-with-optimized-scaling-factor-1qf3p73p.png Figure 3: Optimal threshold(s) (with optimized scaling factor) versus SINR for various values of p and SNR = 25 dB; simulated results for 16-QAM OFDM with N = 256. https://scispace.com/papers/threshold-based-admission-control-policies-for-multimedia-ypg8ij9xp7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-difference-in-reward-rate-as-a-result-of-applying-2cnqmad1.png FIGURE 2. Difference in reward rate as a result of applying threshold-based reward-optimization admission control. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-optimizing-threshold-values-n-16-lh-ll-u-vh-vl-qh-ql-10kblx24.png TABLE 2. Optimizing threshold values (n = 16). (λh, λl , µ, vh, vl , qh, ql) optimal dynamic free (nh, nm, nl) PO PO https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-optimizing-threshold-values-n-84-lh-ll-u-vh-vl-qh-ql-exjp74ve.png TABLE 3. Optimizing threshold values (n = 84). (λh, λl , µ, vh, vl , qh, ql) optimal dynamic free (nh, nm, nl) PO PO https://scispace.com/papers/threshold-bipower-variation-and-the-impact-of-jumps-on-3zye3e2psw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reports-the-mean-percentage-relative-error-in-2a06n2dt.png Table 1: Reports the mean percentage relative error in estimating https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ols-estimate-for-daily-h-1-har-har-cj-and-har-tcj-14rjp34q.png Table 3: OLS estimate for daily (h = 1) HAR, HAR-CJ and HAR-TCJ volatility forecast regressions for S&P500 futures from January 1990 to December 2004 (3,736 observations). The significant daily jumps are computed using a critical value of α = 99.9% and the C-Tz statistics computed with cϑ = 3. Reported in parenthesis are the t-statistics based on Newey-West correction with order 5. Performance measures are the Mincer-Zarnowitz R2, the HRMSE as in equation (5.10) and the QLIKE as in (5.11), computed unconditionally, conditionally on having had a jump at time t − 1 (J-R2, J-HRMSE, J-QLIKE) and conditionally on no jump at time t − 1 (C-R2, CHRMSE, C-QLIKE). Using the Diebold-Mariano test at the 5% confidence level, a ∗ denotes significant improvement in the forecasting performance with respect to the HAR model, and a † with respect to the HAR-CJ model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ols-estimate-for-weekly-h-5-har-har-cj-and-har-tcj-7ttbqwnn.png Table 4: OLS estimate for weekly (h = 5) HAR, HAR-CJ and HAR-TCJ volatility forecast regressions for S&P500 futures from January 1990 to December 2004 (3,736 observations). The significant daily jumps are computed using a critical value of α = 99.9%. Reported in parenthesis are the t-statistics based on Newey-West correction with order 10. Performance measures are the Mincer-Zarnowitz R2, the HRMSE as in equation (5.10) and the QLIKE as in (5.11), computed unconditionally, conditionally on having had at jump a time t − 1 (J-R2, J-HRMSE, J-QLIKE) and conditionally on no jump at time t− 1 (C-R2, C-HRMSE, C-QLIKE). Using the Diebold-Mariano test at the 5% confidence level, a ∗ denotes significant improvement in the forecasting performance with respect to the HAR model, and a † with respect to the HAR-CJ model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-jump-detection-power-for-the-model-4-1-in-the-3oljt08i.png Figure 2: Jump detection power for the model (4.1) in the presence of a single jump, as a function of the threshold parameter cϑ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rescaled-time-series-top-and-5-minutes-logarithmic-1ow62z20.png Figure 3: Rescaled time series (top) and 5-minutes logarithmic returns (bottom) of the S&P500 on 4th December 1990. The solid and the dashed line are our estimated threshold with cϑ = 3 and cϑ = 5 respectively. The jump statistics are z = −0.2545, C-Tz = 4.5055 with cϑ = 3, C-Tz = 4.4745 with cϑ = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ols-estimate-for-monthly-h-22-har-har-cj-and-har-tcj-2khkuo7q.png Table 5: OLS estimate for monthly (h = 22) HAR, HAR-CJ and HAR-TCJ volatility forecast regressions for S&P500 futures from January 1990 to December 2004 (3,736 observations). The significant daily jumps are computed using a critical value of α = 99.9%. Reported in parenthesis are the t-statistics based on Newey-West correction with order 44. Performance measures are the Mincer-Zarnowitz R2, the HRMSE as in equation (5.10) and the QLIKE as in (5.11), computed unconditionally, conditionally on having had a jump at time t − 1 (J-R2, J-HRMSE, J-QLIKE) and conditionally on no jump at time t− 1 (C-R2, C-HRMSE, C-QLIKE). Using the Diebold-Mariano test at the 5% confidence level, a ∗ denotes significant improvement in the forecasting performance with respect to the HAR model, and a † with respect to the HAR-CJ model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-ols-partial-estimates-for-daily-h-1-weekly-h-5-fqh4yy2r.png Table 7: OLS (partial) estimates for daily (h = 1), weekly (h = 5), monthly (h = 22) HAR, HAR-CJ and HAR-TCJ volatility forecast regressions for US Bond from January 1990 to December 2004 (3,736 observations). The significant daily jumps are computed using a critical value of α = 99.9% and the C-Tz statistics. Reported in parenthesis are the t-statistics based on Newey-West correction. Performance measures are the Mincer-Zarnowitz R2, the HRMSE as in equation (5.10) and the QLIKE as in (5.11), computed unconditionally, conditionally on having had a jump at time t−1 (J-R2, J-HRMSE, J-QLIKE) and conditionally on no jump at time t−1 (C-R2, C-HRMSE, C-QLIKE). Using the Diebold-Mariano test at the 5% confidence level, a ∗ denotes significant improvement in the forecasting performance with respect to the HAR model, and a † with respect to the HAR-CJ model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relative-bias-of-the-different-estimators-of-s2sds-31bzo7at.png Figure 1: Relative bias of the different estimators of ∫ σ2sds in the presence of a single jump as a function of the threshold parameter cϑ. https://scispace.com/papers/threshold-boolean-form-for-joint-probabilistic-constraints-5esjtzgpvs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reformulations-and-relevant-boolean-vectors-ukc9xe62.png Table 2: Reformulations and Relevant Boolean Vectors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-computational-time-for-instances-requiring-2frnanxt.png Figure 1: Average Computational Time for Instances Requiring more than 5 Seconds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-computational-time-as-a-function-of-number-2gesnjtv.png Figure 3: Average Computational Time as a Function of Number of Scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-computational-time-for-instances-requiring-2fym80gg.png Figure 2: Average Computational Time for Instances Requiring more than 20 Seconds https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-computational-times-for-each-algorithm-r1la01aw.png Table 3: Average Computational Times for each Algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-probability-distribution-1rgd262w.png Table 1: Probability Distribution https://scispace.com/papers/threshold-ionization-laws-for-electron-hydrogen-scattering-204169ijnz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-singletl50-tics-for-the-collinear-model-with-spin-1b4h86rv.png FIG. 4. SingletL50 TICS for the collinear model with spin weighting ~divided by E1.127). These results are compared wi those of Kato and Watanabe@7#, McCurdy, Horner, and Rescign @13#, and Robicheaux, Pindzola, and Plante@21#. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-collinear1s-sdcs-normalized-to-1-00-ate15e2-2m3vo2d6.png FIG. 3. Collinear1S SDCS, normalized to 1.00 ate15e2 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1s-tics-using-the-full-amplitudef-the-wannier-f6cmjtzb.png FIG. 1. 1S TICS using the full amplitudef, the Wannier amplitude f W , and the Temkin amplitudef T for the collinear model with spin weighting included.sW and sT are calculated atR0 ~where convergence ofs is achieved! and also at an energy-depende hyperradiusR, such thatRE57, outside Rau’s@3# Coulomb zone. https://scispace.com/papers/threshold-size-for-ambient-metastability-of-rocksalt-cdse-5bcsrbj72p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-of-the-shape-change-in-nanocrystals-3gzprk7l.png Figure 1. A schematic of the shape change in nanocrystals accompanying the CdSe solidsolid transformation, between four-and six-coordinate structures.20 Crystallographic indexes of several exposed faces are labeled. The shape change exposes high-energy rocksalt faces, such as the (111) face, that would otherwise not be exposed in an annealed particle. The shape change takes place because the transition is a single-domain process and room temperature is too low for surface rearrangement to occur, as it is below the 575 K limit at which interparticle diffusion occurs and the crystals begin to aggregate.21 The surface energies can be a significant contribution to the total free energy of the nanocrystal since considering that over one third of the atoms are on the surface in 3 nm particles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-powder-x-ray-diffraction-xrd-pattern-of-11-nm-cdse-3u0hdgkc.png Figure 3. Powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of 11 nm CdSe nanocrystals after a transition cycle and the release of pressure at room temperature. The crystallographic indexes are assigned to the respective features. The figure shows the presence of both recovered tetrahedrally bonded wurtzite/zinc-blend crystals and metastable six-coordinate rock salt crystals. The (200) rocksalt peak is exclusive to the rocksalt structure, while the (220) peak overlaps with a potential (103) peak of the tetrahedrally bonded structure. The red line is the simulated contribution of the rocksalt structure, the green line for the tetrahdrally bonded structure. This pattern was collected at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL), Menlo Park, California on Beamline 10-2 with photon energy of 17 KeV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reverse-transition-pressure-versus-size-at-room-1k7flsju.png Figure 2. Reverse transition pressure versus size at room temperature in CdSe nanocrystals at room temperature. The inset is a sample hysteresis loop for 3.5 nm diameter nanocrystals, from which the reverse transition pressure is 50% transformation back to the tetrahedrally bonded structure. The loop starts at low pressure and proceeds in the direction of the arrows, as the normalized ratio of sample transformed is monitored with optical measurements. Sizes with reverse transitions less than ambient pressure are trapped in the metastable rocksalt structure. https://scispace.com/papers/threshold-implementations-against-side-channel-attacks-and-12ksilys7w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-affected-gates-in-the-circuit-of-figure-1-3f50k8k9.png Table 1. Number of affected gates in the circuit of Figure 1, when a glitch occurs in input x̃. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-glitch-propagation-through-a-masked-and-gate-18q72u17.png Fig. 1. Glitch propagation through a masked AND gate. https://scispace.com/papers/threshold-load-balancing-with-weighted-tasks-1ns6iyalz7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-balancing-time-in-terms-of-wmax-with-n-1000-1s4k8tdm.png Figure 2. Balancing time in terms of wmax with n = 1000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-balancing-time-in-terms-of-k-where-k-denotes-the-wh55zupo.png Figure 1. Balancing time in terms of k, where k denotes the number of tasks with weight wmax = 50 and n = 1000. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-mixing-and-hitting-times-for-common-p9fzghdj.png Table I Summary of mixing and hitting times for common graphs https://scispace.com/papers/thresholdless-crescent-waves-in-an-elliptical-ring-4qy79sirt8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effective-diffraction-coefficient-deff-effective-1f3od2fk.png Fig. 4. Effective diffraction coefficient Deff , effective nonlinearity geff , and effective potential Veff for the reduced quasi1D nonlinear equation along the azimuthal direction θ, with the formula in Eq. (4). Dashed and dotted–dashed lines in each panel indicate the cases of the inscribed and circumscribed circles, with the radii 1 and 1.8, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-required-threshold-power-pth-to-support-crescent-waves-9kk0ab08.png Fig. 3. Required threshold power, Pth, to support crescent waves along the y solid-line ∕x dashed-line axis for different ellipticity, a∕b. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-examples-of-the-intensity-profile-for-mu039c2k.png Fig. 2. (Color online) Examples of the intensity profile for crescent waves are shown along the (a) semi-minor and (b) semi-major axes, corresponding to the markers A and B in (c), respectively. (c) Formation power P versus propagation constant β for crescent waves along the semi-minor (solid-line) and semi-major (dashed-line) axes are shown in black, while the crescent waves in the inscribed (dashed-line) and circumscribed (solid-line) circles are shown in red, which bifurcate from the corresponding symmetric donut-shaped modes (in blue). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-elliptical-potential-v-and-b-uw3a48x8.png Fig. 1. (Color online) (a) Elliptical potential, V , and (b) corresponding top-view used in the simulations, with the semi-major axis a 1.8, semi-minor axis b 1, and potential depth V0 10. https://scispace.com/papers/threshold-switching-and-electrical-self-oscillation-in-5fdiavndgp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-geometry-of-the-simulated-device-structure-assuming-28kho53p.png FIG. 3. (a) Geometry of the simulated device structure assuming a cylindrical conductive channel (filament) comprised of NbO/NbO2 zones and surrounded by an Nb2O5 x matrix. (b) The comparison of simulated and experimental I–V characteristics of Pt/ Ti/NbOx/Pt devices. (c) Calculated 2-D maps of temperature for states A, B, C, D, and E as depicted in the I–V curve of the simulation results. The red color represents the high-temperature metallic regions during the IMT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-schematic-of-the-electrical-circuit-used-in-327gb05n.png FIG. 4. (a) Schematic of the electrical circuit used in simulation to study the dynamics of self-oscillations. (b) Measured (black squares) and simulated (red curves) oscillation waveforms of the current through the 50 X resistor for a source voltage of VS ¼ 1.2 V (2 ls) and the series resistance of RL ¼ 1 kX. The green lines show the simulation data for CParasitic ¼ 0 for comparison, where no current spike was observed in the current waveform. (c) Magnification of the dashed rectangle region in (b). (d) Measurements (black curves) and simulation (red curves) of time traces of the current through the device when excited with source voltages ranging from 1.5 V (bottom) to 2.6 V (top) with 1 kX series. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-waveforms-of-idevice-as-a-function-of-the-device-1pf8519p.png FIG. 6. (a) Waveforms of IDevice as a function of the device capacitance CDevice, and (b) as a function of the parasitic capacitance CParasitic. (c) The dependence of the peak-to-peak device current on the ratio of CParasitic=CDevice. (d) The dependence of the oscillation frequency on the sum of CDevice and CParasitic. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-of-the-fabricated-pt-ti-nbox-pt-test-ipw6sm81.png FIG. 1. (a) Schematic of the fabricated Pt/Ti/NbOx/Pt test devices and the measuring conditions. (b) Measured I V curves for both voltage- and current-sweeping modes, showing a clear CC-NDR characteristic with multi-NDR properties. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-calculated-device-voltage-vdevice-and-related-cu16f02r.png FIG. 5. (a) Calculated device voltage, VDevice, and related current components: IR device, IC device, IDevice, and IC parasitic for a source voltage of VS ¼ 1.2 V and load resistance of RL ¼ 1 kX. (b) and (c) Show the limit cycles of IDevice –VDevice (red lines) for VS ¼ 1.2 V and 2.2 V, respectively. The green lines show the simulation data of IDevice –VDevice with CParasitic ¼ 0, where the limit cycles collapse to straight lines. The blue lines show the IR device –VDevice characteristics. The black lines show the I V response of the device under voltage-controlled (dashed) and current-controlled (dotted) operation for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-schematic-of-the-electrical-circuit-used-to-study-1ws5icyc.png FIG. 2. (a) Schematic of the electrical circuit used to study the dynamics of self-oscillation when exciting the NbOx device with rectangle voltage pulses. (b) Measured oscillation waveform of the device current (IDevice) in the 50 X resistor for 2 ls source voltage (VS) pulses in the range from 1.0 to 2.8 V and a series resistor of 1 kX. (c) The decay part of the current waveform with fitted exponential decay curves from simple circuit analysis. (d) The total capacitance CT determined from fits to experimental and simulated waveforms, and the sum of the simulated device capacitance CDevice and circuit capacitance CParasitic as a function of the source voltage. https://scispace.com/papers/thrombosis-in-newborns-experience-from-31-cases-1gh65x1qyd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-acquired-prothrombotic-risk-factors-3fvfcfz8.png Table 2. Acquired prothrombotic risk factors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-congenital-prothrombotic-risk-factors-2pq3f06f.png Table 3. Congenital prothrombotic risk factors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-thrombotic-events-oc1allq7.png Table 1. Distribution of thrombotic events. https://scispace.com/papers/through-military-lenses-perception-of-security-threats-and-1a8jfsju62 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-perception-of-all-three-elements-has-a-similar-3j1d8255.png Figure 7, the perception of all three elements has a similar trend. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-reveals-a-shared-faith-in-the-technological-edge-3g1svd4s.png Figure 4 reveals a shared “faith” in the technological edge. This finding https://scispace.com/papers/through-plane-gas-permeability-of-gas-diffusion-layers-and-4ynwg1heel 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-manufacturers-physical-properties-of-the-sgl-10ba-17u8dcsd.png Table 1: Manufacturer’s physical properties of the SGL 10BA carbon paper substrate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-thickness-of-a-the-mpl-coated-gdl-and-b-the-mpl-1k6fe8ea.png Figure 9. The thickness of (a) the MPL-coated GDL and (b) the MPL as a function of carbon loading. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-gas-permeability-of-the-mpl-as-a-function-of-2brh53ti.png Figure 10. The gas permeability of the MPL as a function of carbon loading. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measured-pressure-gradient-as-a-function-of-the-1dugkm78.png Fig. 4: Measured pressure gradient as a function of the nitrogen gas velocity for the MPL-coated carbon substrates with various carbon loadings in the MPL of 20 wt. % PTFE Ketjenblack carbon black. The samples with Vulcan XC-72R were found to have similar trends (not shown). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sem-images-for-the-mpl-with-1-5-mg-cm-2-ketjenblack-1zhyjskp.png Figure 7. SEM images for the MPL with 1.5 mg cm-2 Ketjenblack carbon loading (a) before sintering, and (b) after sintering. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-manufacturers-physical-properties-of-the-carbon-2z0e92bc.png Table 2: Manufacturer’s physical properties of the carbon black. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-typical-sem-images-for-the-surface-areas-of-a-the-228d0cw3.png Fig. 3: Typical SEM images for the surface areas of (a) the carbon substrate, and (b) the MPL-coated sample. Carbon black used in the scanned image was Ketjenblack EC-300J. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-through-plane-gas-permeability-of-the-mpl-coated-gdls-3qwjnol7.png Fig. 5 Through-plane gas permeability of the MPL-coated GDLs as a function of carbon loading. (a) MPL-coated GDLs with Ketjenblack carbon black, (b) MPL-coated GDLs with Vulcan carbon black and (b) comparison gas permeability between both carbon black types. https://scispace.com/papers/through-space-communication-in-a-ttf-c60-ttf-triad-122uismq4z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representative-conformers-of-7-19y3nbu3.png Fig. 1 Representative conformers of 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-steady-state-absorption-of-7-0-1-mm-3-0-1-mm-and-6-0-1-14wyzlbx.png Fig. 3 Steady-state absorption of 7 (0.1 mM), 3 (0.1 mM) and 6 (0.1 mM) in CH2Cl2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-oswv-data-for-triad-7-parent-ttf-3-and-c60-xu7t7051.png Fig. 2 OSWV data for triad 7, parent TTF 3 and C60 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-transient-absorption-spectra-of-triad-7-observed-with-314rtcno.png Fig. 6 Transient absorption spectra of triad 7 observed with 532 nm laser light excitation in Ar-saturated CH2Cl2. Inset: Time profile at 1020 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-schematic-energy-diagram-ttf-spacer-pzc60-spacer-ttf-1s3wk5hx.png Fig. 7 Schematic energy diagram: TTF–(spacer)–PzC60–(spacer)– TTF is abbreviated as TTF–Pz(C60)–TTF. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fluorescence-lifetime-tf-at-700-750-nm-rate-constant-3g5hdq45.png Table 2 Fluorescence lifetime (tf, at 700–750 nm), rate constant (k S CS), quantum yield (F S CS) and free energy change (DG S CS) for charge separation via 1C60*, rate constant (kCR), radical ion pair lifetime (tRIP) and free energy change (DGCR), for the charge recombination of triad 7 a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fluorescence-spectra-of-compounds-5-8-using-toluene-1nx7armx.png Fig. 4 Fluorescence spectra of compounds 5–8 using toluene solutions with the same absorption intensity at lexc = 430 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-fluorescence-spectra-of-7-in-the-50-1000-ps-region-1svxfchf.png Fig. 5 (a) Fluorescence spectra of 7 in the 50–1000 ps region, measured with a streak scope detector (intensity is normalized at 700 nm), and (b) fluorescence time profiles of triad 7 in the 700–750 nm region, comparing reference 5 in toluene and PhCN; lex = 400 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/thrust-belt-architecture-of-the-central-and-southern-western-2ebgju9hrt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-compiled-stratigraphic-nomenclature-for-the-2i5n4b6c.png Figure 23. Compiled stratigraphic nomenclature for the central and southern Western Foothills of Taiwan. After Tensi et al. [2006] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-section-g-g-see-figure-3-for-location-numbers-on-1v59trik.png Figure 10. Section G-G’. See Figure 3 for location. Numbers on section are the following: 1: Tachienshan fault. 2: Fenghuachan-Luku fault. 3. Pingchi fault. 4: Tulungwan fault. 5: Hsiamei anticline. 6: R-2 well. 7. R1 well. 8: Peikang High. 9: Same as 8 in Figure 7. 10: Sub-Yuching fault. Comments a to d are the following: a. Normal fault inferred from thickening in Miocene section. b. We interpret a normal fault here to preserve the structural style interpreted in sections to the north. c. The detachment for the Sub-Yuching fault is consistent with focal mechanisms [Carena et al., 2002]. d. Same as point d Figure 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-section-c-c-see-figure-3-for-location-numbers-on-1z12m32e.png Figure 6. Section C-C’. See Figure 3 for location. Numbers on section are the following: 1: Chelungpu fault. 2: Schuangtung fault. 2’: Restored position of point 2. 3: Tulungwan fault. 3’: Restored position of point 3. 4: Hsueshan range. 5. Tachienshan fault. 5’ Restored position of point 5. 6: Pakuashan anticline. 7: Peikang High. 8: Extensional fault associated with Peikang High, see explanation in Figure 10, extrapolated to this section continue the Piekang High toward the south. 9: Changhua thrust. 10: Chichi Earthquake hypocenter (star) from Kao et al. [2001]. Comments a to e are the following: a and b: Normal fault inferred from thickening in Miocene section. See text for details. c: Transported normal fault, see text and Figure 19-B for details. d:See b in Figure 5 for explanation. e.See c in Figure 5 for explanation. See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-section-h-h-see-figure-3-for-location-numbers-on-1xpgr2f4.png Figure 11. Section H-H’. See Figure 3 for location. Numbers on section are the following: 1: Chukou fault. 2: Lunhou fault. 3. Tachienshan-Pingchi fault. 4: Tulungwan fault. 5: Kuantzuling-Nanliao anticline. 6: Peikang High. 7: Extensional fault associated with Peikang High, interpreted here from the change on thicknesses between the Peikang high Cenozoic rocks and the thrust belt Cenozoic rocks. 8: Sub-Yuching fault. Comments a to c, see Figure 10 for explanation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-section-l-l-see-figure-3-for-location-numbers-on-18bkur7y.png Figure 15. Section L-L’. See Figure 3 for location. Numbers on section are the following: 1: Chukou fault. 2: Lunhou fault. 3. Pingchi fault. 4: Chishan fault. 5: Tulungwan-Chaochou fault. 6: Peikang High. 7. Yuching Syncline. 8: Tingpinglin syncline. 9: Extensional fault associated with Peikang High. 10: Sub-Yuching fault. Comments a to e are the following: Comments a to c are, see point a to c in Figure 10 for explanation. d. Partially reset AFT sample (5.5 Ma), from Fuller [2002]. e. Partially reset AFT sample (3.3 Ma), from Fuller [2002]. See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-section-k-k-see-figure-3-for-location-numbers-on-1j05q0ux.png Figure 14. Section K-K’. See Figure 3 for location. Numbers on section are the following: 1: Chukou fault. 2: Lunhou fault. 3. Pingchi fault. 4: Chishan fault. 5: Tulungwan-Chaochou fault. 6: Peikang High. 7. Yuching Syncline. 8: Tingpinglin syncline. 9: Same as 8 in Figure 7. 10: Sub-Yuching fault. Comments a to c are, see points a to c in Figure 10 for explanation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-geologic-map-of-central-and-southern-taiwan-2kzmr6d3.png Figure 19. Geologic map of central and southern Taiwan showing the restored position of identified normal faults, estimated from balanced cross sections. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-section-d-d-see-figure-4-for-location-numbers-on-1efuh1yt.png Figure 7. Section D-D’. See Figure 4 for location. Numbers on section are the following: 1: Chelungpu fault. 1’: Restored position of point 1. 2: Tachienshan fault. 2’: Restored position of point 2. 3: FenghuachanLuku fault. 3’: Restored position of point 3. 4: Schuangtung fault. 4’: Restored position of point 4. 5: Tulungwan fault. 5’ Restored position of point 5. 6: Meilin anticline. 7: Peikang High. 8: Extensional fault associated with Peikang High, interpreted here from the change in thicknesses between the Peikang High Cenozoic rocks and the thrust belt Cenozoic rocks. Comments a to d are the following: a. Normal fault inferred from thickening in Miocene section. In this particular case this block restored to a deeper position than in neighbor with the same amount of shortening. It could be restored to a shallower position by making the footwall flat beneath point c’ longer, without making major modifications to the cross section. b. We choose to interpret a normal fault here to preserve the structural style interpreted in sections to the north. c. See point b in Figure 4 for explanation. d. See point c in figure 4 for details. https://scispace.com/papers/throughfall-alterations-by-degree-of-tillandsia-usneoides-3m5s4jvce8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-normalized-throughfall-ion-concentrations-and-95-3l7devd6.png Figure 3. Normalized throughfall ion concentrations (and 95% confidence interval) plotted in order of mean normalized throughfall volume ranking to allow comparison of concentration trends with volume trends. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-factorial-manova-results-with-p-0-05-for-b34ackld.png Figure 4. Factorial MANOVA results (with p ≤ 0.05) for throughfall enrichment ratios with respect to eventscale storm conditions for select ions representing washoff (Na+), leaching (PO4+) and uptake (NO3-) processes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-annual-throughfall-amount-cm-and-ion-fluxes-meq-m-2-2ul50zdo.png Table 1. Annual throughfall amount (cm) and ion fluxes (meq m 2 ) from canopy with no, mild, and heavy T. usneoides cover over 2013-14, scaled to total mean annual rainfall (950 mm). Numbers of observation are provided for the throughfall depth equivalent (nd) and ion flux (nc) estimates. Superscripts indicate values are significantly different per Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and are arranged in descending order. “NS” indicates no significance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-throughfall-rate-and-proportion-of-rainfall-a-18l8tii9.png Figure 1. Throughfall rate and proportion of rainfall (a) behavior across T. usneoides cover continuum for median (with 40-60 percentile range), and (b) temporal persistency per mean normalized throughfall generation (and 95% confidence interval) as ranked by overall mean normalized throughfall. Superscripts indicate values are significantly different per Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA (p < 0.07) and are arranged in descending order. https://scispace.com/papers/thwarting-control-channel-jamming-attacks-from-inside-26s3geo07e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-e-d-as-a-function-of-the-number-of-compromised-nodes-1aiavx23.png Fig. 7: (a) E[D] as a function of the number of compromised nodes for static spectrum networks, (b) E[D] as a function of the number of compromised nodes for dynamic spectrum networks, (c) weight of the compromised node compared to the maximum weight of uncompromised ones. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-e-d-as-a-function-of-the-ratio-ml-m-for-static-ro9xzri8.png Fig. 5: (a) E[D] as a function of the ratio ML+M for static spectrum networks, (b) E[D] as a function of the ratio M L+M for dynamic spectrum networks, (c) E[ER] as a function of ML+M for dynamic spectrum networks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-pmf-of-the-hamming-distance-between-two-random-go38qo5x.png Fig. 6: (a) pmf of the Hamming distance between two random sequences of length 100, (b) expected Hamming distance as a function of a sequence of length L for static spectrum networks (error margins denote 99.7% confidence intervals), (c) expected Hamming distance as a function of L for dynamic spectrum networks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-adversary-blocks-all-control-messages-within-31widcva.png Fig. 1: (a) The adversary blocks all control messages within range Rmax by jamming a single frequency band, (b) the control channel is located at different channels within each cluster. The impact of the jammer is now confined to clusters within Rmax that use the jammed channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hopping-sequence-generation-for-l-12-m-5-and-k-8-the-3u26x132.png Fig. 2: Hopping sequence generation for L = 12,M = 5 and K = 8. The control-channel location vector c is interleaved with the random sequences s1, s2, and s3 at the slot positions indicated by the M -long vector v. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-average-weight-of-compromised-nodes-and-maximum-weight-2nktvydc.png Fig. 8: Average weight of compromised nodes and maximum weight of uncompromised ones versus q. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-number-of-slots-required-for-accessing-at-least-one-13a3hh3o.png Fig. 4: Number of slots required for accessing at least one control channel slot with probability p0 as a function of the ratio ML+M . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-adjusting-the-hopping-sequences-to-account-for-dynamic-cyaqjm8w.png Fig. 3: Adjusting the hopping sequences to account for dynamic channel availability. https://scispace.com/papers/throughput-maximizing-transmission-schedules-for-underwater-wk514jdeym 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-2-line-grid-4-node-network-21tfercz.png Fig. 3. A 2-line grid 4-node network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-some-partially-overlapping-collision-domains-2up8pr93.png Fig. 2. Some partially-overlapping collision domains. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-useful-packets-and-interferences-during-time-slot-2-25jtvd4x.png Fig. 11. Useful packets and interferences during time slot 2 in a regular 3-line grid 12-node network, according to S(4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-useful-packets-and-interferences-during-time-slot-4-2zz8r7hw.png Fig. 12. Useful packets and interferences during time slot 4 in a regular 3-line grid 12-node network, according to S(4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-network-throughput-for-schedules-generated-using-2cbp984u.png Fig. 13. Network throughput for schedules generated using Algorithm 1 for various N ≤ 25 and η = 3 to 5. The throughput consistently achieves the upper bound (N − η)/2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-impact-of-3-interferences-in-the-network-13a22yv6.png Fig. 6. The impact of 3-interferences in the network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-impact-of-3-and-4-interferences-in-the-network-1impduwk.png Fig. 7. The impact of 3- and 4-interferences in the network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-activity-around-a-destination-node-at-a-given-2hc28n3p.png Fig. 10. The activity around a destination node at a given time slot. https://scispace.com/papers/thyroid-cartilage-asymmetry-as-a-potential-diagnostic-cq4ylobuj0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-examples-of-old-tc-fractures-the-arrow-tips-depict-xwv6xcg9.png Fig. 4: Examples of old TC fractures. The arrow tips depict signs of bone healing (a-d) and a pseudarthrosis (e). In 31 cases, old fractures were found in the lower parts of the TC (a-d). In https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-study-population-and-counts-sd-bv8gl73r.png Table 1: Overview of the study population and counts; SD: standard deviation; sym: symmetric; asym: asymmetric; https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-case-series-the-arrow-tips-depict-the-findings-in-each-n0rhgh6o.png Fig. 5: Case series. The arrow tips depict the findings in each case, Case 1: left-sided https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overview-of-left-sided-tc-asymmetry-1pezacuq.png Fig. 2: Overview of left-sided TC asymmetry https://scispace.com/papers/ti-substituted-nano-crystalline-cu-3-n-thin-films-15h1d2bxby 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xrd-diagram-for-two-ti-cu3n-samples-one-grown-at-2fi6zeh5.png Fig. 1: XRD diagram for two Ti:Cu3N samples, one grown at sputtering power of 60 W and the other grown at 80 W https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dispersion-of-the-refractive-index-n-of-deposited-38d2timx.png Fig. 4: Dispersion of the refractive index (n) of deposited films at sputtering power of 60 and 80 W https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dispersion-of-the-extinction-coefficient-k-of-2z8jz08y.png Fig. 5: Dispersion of the extinction coefficient (k) of deposited films at sputtering power of 60 and 80 W https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-plot-of-ae-2-vs-e-of-samples-prepared-at-sputtering-kqax663v.png Fig. 6: Plot of (aE)2 vs E of samples prepared at sputtering power of 60 and 80 W https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-xrd-patterns-of-ti-cu3n-films-annealed-at-300-c-in-30hcn1uj.png Fig. 8: XRD patterns of Ti:Cu3N films annealed at 300 C in vacuum condition https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-room-temperature-photoluminescence-spectra-of-the-sklqvi37.png Fig. 7: Room temperature photoluminescence spectra of the films prepared at sputtering power 60 and 80 W https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-comparison-between-peak-position-and-lattice-rqqr966u.png Table 1: A comparison between peak position and lattice constant of Ti free Cu3N and Ti-doped Cu3N https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-xrd-patterns-of-ti-cu3n-films-annealed-at-400-c-in-1f8piau7.png Fig. 9: XRD patterns of Ti:Cu3N films annealed at 400 C in vacuum condition https://scispace.com/papers/thyroid-hormones-modulate-gabaa-receptor-mediated-currents-c5hhigy530 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ths-effect-does-not-depend-on-protein-phosphorylation-btgkvuiq.png Fig. 3. THs effect does not depend on protein phosphorylation nor on intracellular Ca2þ concentration changes. Histogram showing THs effect (both at 20 mM) on currents evoked by GABA alone or in presence of the PKC blocker cheleritine (CHEL; 5 mM in the bath) of the PKA blocker H89 (2 mM in the bath) or the Ca2þ chelator BAPTA (10 mM in the patch pipette). Each bar is the mean SEM of 4e6 cells. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ths-antagonism-is-not-competitive-gaba-concentration-3vyljpqy.png Fig. 2. THs antagonism is not competitive. GABA concentration-response curves in the presence or absence of T3 or T4. Cortical neurons at 8 DIC were perfused with increasing concentrations of GABA alone or with T3 (20 mM) or T4 (20 mM). GABA EC50 were 6.1 0.4 mM in the absence of hormones, 6.5 0.4 mM with T4 and 6.7 0.9 mM with T3. Results are presented as % of the response to 100 mM GABA. Each bar is the mean SEM of 6e13 experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-ths-effects-on-gaba-sipscs-recorded-from-2kwei3am.png Table 1 Summary of THs effects on GABA sIPSCs recorded from hippocampal and cortical cultures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-t3-and-t4-differently-modulate-tonic-current-a-current-28z89ck1.png Fig. 6. T3 and T4 differently modulate tonic current. A. Current traces from hippocampal ne 40 mM)-sensitive current elicited by GABA 50 nM. B. Amplitude distributions of current tr adjusted to 0. Distributions were drawn from current segments immediately preceding TH Histograms showing the mean tonic current sustained by GABA (50 nM) or by THIP (2 or **p< 0.01, paired t test). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ths-inhibit-gaba-evoked-currents-in-cultured-1nxbu0zk.png Fig. 1. THs inhibit GABA-evoked currents in cultured hippocampal neurons. A. Whole cell re in control conditions and in the presence of T4 and T3, both at 20 mM. Holding potentials square) with the indication of the potency (IC50) and of the Hill Coefficient (nH). Each data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-t3-effect-is-additive-to-that-of-ps-a-representative-3jhxoq28.png Fig. 4. T3 effect is additive to that of PS. A. Representative experiment showing the modulation of GABA-evoked current by PS, T3 and the combination of the two. Currents were recorded from a cortical neuron in culture (Hp¼ 60 mV). B. Histogram showing the GABA current (%) peak or steady state (SS) after application of PS (100 mM), T3 (70 mM) and PS þT3. Each bar is the mean SEM of 5 experiments. (*p< 0.05 paired t test vs. T3 alone). https://scispace.com/papers/tibial-bone-density-cross-sectional-geometry-and-strength-in-2px0xib9re 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-unadjusted-data-for-castrated-and-intact-11ctvnfw.png Table 3. Descriptive unadjusted data for castrated and intact male rabbits and group comparison based on weight- and age-adjusted general linear models (GLMs) analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-a-sagittal-64-slice-computed-tomography-light-r8byq23m.png Figure 3 A. A sagittal 64-slice computed tomography (Light-Speed VCT, GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, United Kingdom) image of a rabbit tibia, showing distal and shaft measurement sites for pQCT measurements (green lines). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-unadjusted-data-for-intact-female-and-3i1b6zvh.png Table 2. Descriptive unadjusted data for intact female and male pet rabbits and group comparison based on weight- and age-adjusted general linear model (GLM) analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scatter-plot-between-age-and-tibial-shaft-cortical-1mwrccpf.png Figure 4. Scatter plot between age and tibial shaft cortical bone density (mg/cm3) in healthy pet rabbits. White boxes represent intact males, yellow boxes castrated males, red dots intact females, yellow dots neutered females and shaded area mean ± 2SD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pearson-correlation-coefficients-between-bone-3n3dvq44.png Table 1. Pearson correlation coefficients between bone parameters and clinical characteristics in pet rabbits. Statistical significance (p-value) is given in parentheses. https://scispace.com/papers/ticks-on-didelphis-albiventris-from-a-cerrado-area-in-the-rimnuwwg2s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reports-on-the-composition-of-tick-species-infesting-3i9ol019.png TABLE 3. Reports on the composition of tick species infesting Didelphis spp. in Brazil. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-infestation-parameters-of-ticks-collected-on-2fc5k4zi.png TABLE 1. Infestation parameters of ticks collected on Didelphis albiventris from forest fragments in Cerrado areas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, between July 2013 and September 2014. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-didelphis-albiventris-infested-by-two-or-3qyy895r.png TABLE 2. Number of Didelphis albiventris infested by two or more tick species, in Cerrado areas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, between July 2013 and September 2014. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-total-number-of-larvae-l-nymphs-n-and-adults-a-of-1kt07xxq.png FIGURE 1. Total number of larvae (L), nymphs (N) and adults (A) of ticks collected on Didelphis albiventris in a Cerrado area, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, between July 2013 and September 2014. https://scispace.com/papers/tid-and-displacement-damage-effects-in-vertical-and-lateral-2b0otyhftf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-evolution-of-the-output-characteristics-at-v-with-bnu8v6og.png Fig. 11. Evolution of the output characteristics at V with proton irradiation of n-channel (top) and p-channel (bottom) LDMOS transistors in technology B (IHP 0.25 m). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-hbd-techniques-successfully-limit-the-tid-induced-10nhvlla.png Fig. 10. HBD techniques successfully limit the TID-induced leakage current increase in n-channel LDMOS transistors in two technologies. Measurements on the IHP 0.25 m samples have been taken at the worst case temperature of C. Bias was in all cases WC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-influence-of-the-applied-bias-and-temperature-during-x-33tqq911.png Fig. 9. Influence of the applied bias and temperature during X-ray irradiation for identical transistors in technology B (IHP 0.25 m). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simplified-architecture-of-a-buck-dc-dc-converter-27x67tb3.png Fig. 1. Simplified architecture of a buck DC-DC converter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-view-of-a-ldmos-n-channel-transistor-the-20xf1lpt.png Fig. 3. Schematic view of a LDMOS N-channel transistor. The current path in the presence of the inversion channel under the gate is indicated by the arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-view-of-a-vertical-nmos-transistor-the-1amixdn7.png Fig. 2. Schematic view of a vertical NMOS transistor. The current path in the presence of the inversion channel under the gate is indicated by the arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-measured-output-characteristics-for-v-of-long-channel-1xzc4vzr.png Fig. 14. Measured output characteristics for V of long-channel n- and p-LDMOS transistors ( m) in technology D (0.18 m) for increasing proton fluence (along the arrows: pre-rad, , , , p cm ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-evolution-of-the-output-characteristics-at-v-with-2i9cpb50.png Fig. 12. Evolution of the output characteristics at V with proton irradiation of n-channel LDMOS transistors in technology D (0.18 m). https://scispace.com/papers/tidal-heating-in-enceladus-47glk60gfd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-approximate-locations-of-the-first-order-1dldsah3.png Fig. 1. The approximate locations of the first-order resonances among the saturnian satellites are shown for QS = 18,000. The shift of position of the resonances due to Saturn’s oblateness has been ignored. Also shown are the tidally evolved orbits as a function of time. The dotted line shows the synchronous radius. The minimum QS is determined by placing Mimas at the synchronous radius at the beginning of the Solar System. The current 2:1 and 4:2 resonances between Enceladus–Dione and Mimas–Tethys are not shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-solid-line-shows-the-k2e-qe-for-which-the-current-odvtdxl3.png Fig. 3. The solid line shows the k2E/QE for which the current configuration of Enceladus (with eccentricity 0.0047) and Dione is a tidal equilibrium for the given value of QS . The dotted line shows the value of k2E/QE using Kelvin’s formula for the Love number, using a rigidity of 4×109 N m−2, and a Q of 20. The dashed line gives the equilibrium heating rate H in Enceladus as a function of QS . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-eccentricity-of-enceladus-approaches-an-3hhfxq7g.png Fig. 2. The eccentricity of Enceladus approaches an equilibrium value as the system evolves into the e-Enceladus 3:2 Mimas–Enceladus resonance. https://scispace.com/papers/tidal-stream-energy-site-assessment-via-three-dimensional-1ers0edcjr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-harmonic-analysis-results-derived-from-37-day-record-sbqh3kzv.png Table 1: Harmonic analysis results derived from 37-day record of measured water levels and mean flows. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-harmonic-analysis-results-derived-from-roms-39dztozb.png Table 2: Harmonic analysis results derived from ROMS simulation (“modeled”) and 37-day record of water levels and mean flows (“measured”). https://scispace.com/papers/tidal-exposure-or-microhabitats-what-determines-sandy-beach-1xi4l7koik 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentage-of-dissimilarities-of-nematodes-5my7tg2s.png Table 3. Percentage of dissimilarities of nematodes assemblages from the subtidal (station 1) and runnels (stations 3, 5, 7 and 9) based on SIMPER analysis and r values obtained by ANOSIM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-square-ms-f-ratio-and-p-values-from-one-way-1sehfrcu.png Table 1. Mean square (MS), F-ratio and P-values from one-way ANOVA for community attributes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-non-metric-multidimensional-scaling-mds-based-on-17sbbz8p.png Fig. 5. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) based on community composition. Species data was square root-transformed. Replicate samples are indicated by their station number. Groups were formed by cluster analyses based on Bray–Curtis similarities resulting in different groups with 50% similarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-chl-a-mg-m-2-across-the-intertidal-zone-significantly-28pmb3dp.png Fig. 3. Chl-a (mg m 2) across the intertidal zone. Significantly higher and lower values are indicated by black and white bars, respectively, according to pairwise SNK test. Chl-a concentration that was not detected as significantly different from any other value is indicated by grey bars. Error bars indicate SE (n = 2). https://scispace.com/papers/tidally-induced-instability-processes-suppressing-river-4ax7jinxn6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-same-as-figure-5-but-for-sea-surface-salinity-nqmpfwuy.png Figure 13. Same as Figure 5 but for sea surface salinity gradient with (case 1; bold curve) and without (case 2; broken curve) tidal currents. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plan-view-of-the-mitgcm-a-black-rectangles-23vryud2.png Figure 2. Plan view of the MITgcm (a). Black rectangles extending along the x-axis between 0 < y < 0.2 km represent the modeled shoreline, which is interrupted by the river mouth at 1.9 < x < 2.1 km. The semicircle and arrows extending from the river mouth (dot) are used for depicting Figures 5, 6, and 13; see text for details. The lower and left-hand panels represent the grid sizes in the x and y directions, respectively. Panel (b) shows the layer thickness in the vertical direction (solid curve) and the vertical profile of tidal currents at x = 2 km, y = 1 km, and at 31 hours from the beginning of the computation; black (red) broken curve for case 3 (4) in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-vertical-profiles-of-buoyancy-frequency-blue-line-g21djk8k.png Figure 12. Vertical profiles of buoyancy frequency (blue line; the upper abscissa), salinity (black line; the middle abscissa), and vertical shear of horizontal velocity (red line; the lower abscissa) in the model with (a) and without (b) tidal currents at 30.55 hours. Panels (a) and (b) are depicted along the bold lines in Figure 10a and Figure 4f (although Figure 4f is depicted at 28 hours), respectively. The layer where the Richardson number was <1/4 is stippled. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-same-as-figure-5-but-for-momentum-balance-a-b-c-and-16rvue3v.png Figure 6. Same as Figure 5 but for momentum balance (a, b, c, and d) and the contribution to the advection term (see text for details) (e). In panel (a), the black (red) curve indicates the magnitude of the advection (pressure gradient) term. The other terms are not shown because they were negligibly small. The panels (b), (c), and (d) are the same as (a), but for x component, y component, and different cases, respectively. In panel (d), the black (red) solid, broken, and dotted curves represent the magnitude of the advection (pressure gradient) term with halved tidal currents (case 7), slope (case 8), and doubled river discharge (case 5), respectively. The panel (e) represents the magnitude of the horizontal (vertical) component of the advection term by black broken (dotted) curves. The red broken (dotted) curve indicates the magnitude of the horizontal (vertical) component of the advection term associated only with the detided disturbances. The black solid curve is the same as that in the panel (a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-observation-area-around-the-hiji-river-mouth-the-28q2b41b.png Figure 1. Observation area around the Hiji River mouth. The CTD stations (red dots) and 15-m isobath are shown in the right panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dependency-of-freshwater-abundance-defined-as-eq-1-2vndfsrb.png Figure 5. Dependency of freshwater abundance (defined as Eq. (1)) versus the distance from the river mouth. The abundance is computed as the ratio of freshwater volume to that of the water column at the same position. The black solid, broken, dotted and red curves in panel (a) indicate the dependency computed in the model with tidal currents (case 1 in Table 1), with halved tidal currents (case 7), with slope (case 8) and without tidal currents (case 2), respectively. Panel (b) shows the same as panel (a), but with the doubled river discharge (case 5 and 6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-salinity-distribution-reproduced-in-the-mitgcm-plan-42pha8z1.png Figure 4. Salinity distribution reproduced in the MITgcm. Plan views of sea surface salinity reproduced in the model with tidal currents at (a) 25, (b) 28, and (c) 31 hours from the beginning of the computation are shown in the left-hand panels. Note that the area with y < 1 km is shown in the plan views. Contour interval is 1, but isohalines <23.0 are omitted because of overcrowding. White arrows along the lateral boundaries represent sea surface current velocities at the same location. The arrow on the shore (stippled area) is depicted to indicate the velocity reference of 1 m s–1. White curves and black dots indicate the respective tidal phase. Panel (d) shows the vertical view at 31 hours along the broken line in (c). The white box and solid circle in (d) are used in depicting Figure 10 and 11, respectively. Isohaline 33.0 is added to emphasize the bottom of the river plume. The sea surface salinity map (e) and vertical view (f) along the broken line in (e) are the same as (b) and (d), respectively, but for the model without tidal currents (case 2 in Table 1). The solid circle and bold line in (f) are used for depicting Figures 11 and 12, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-horizontal-distribution-of-the-magnitude-of-the-3s5sot1r.png Figure 9. Horizontal distribution of the magnitude of the detided disturbances squared (colors) and sea surface salinity (contours) at (a) 29.66, (b) 29.70, and (c) 29.73 hours within the box in Figure 7f. Contour interval is 1 and isohalines between 23.0 and 33.0 only are shown. The arrow indicates the eddy growing along the estuarine front. The bold curve is used for isohaline 24.0 to show the perimeter of the eddy described in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/tidal-tails-around-globular-clusters-are-they-a-good-tracer-283n04klxm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gc-structural-parameters-4kqn2y6r.png TABLE 2 GC Structural Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-some-snapshots-of-the-gc-moving-along-the-orbit-iii-2fj7u44t.png Fig. 4. —Some snapshots of the GC moving along the orbit III (see Table 3 for the orbital parameters). One time unit corresponds to about 1 Myr. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-interpretation-of-the-s-shape-of-the-inner-tidal-tail-38nv2iol.png Fig. 5. —Interpretation of the S-shape of the inner tidal tail around a globular cluster. The different terms in the right-hand side of eq. (5) are represented in the plot as arrows of different line styles. Note that the last term in the equation is here plotted antiparallel to the Coriolis term, as it occurs when the GC moves from pericenter to apocenter (see text). The galactic potential (included in the first and second term) is assumed, for simplicity, spherical. The cross in the lower part of the figure represents the galaxy center. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-tails-direction-for-the-gc-moving-on-orbit-i-top-plot-1ydnal8f.png Fig. 6. —Tail’s direction for the GC moving on orbit I. Top: Plot of the GC orbit (some points along the orbit are marked with different symbols); the cross indicates the galaxy center. Second panel: Distance in kpc of the GC from the galaxy center, as a function of time. The different symbols correspond to those in the previous panel. Third panel: GC orbital angular velocity in rad ; Myr 1, as a function of time. Fourth panel: Angular acceleration in rad ; Myr 2. Fifth panel: Solid curve, Angle formed by the inner part of the tails and the galactic center direction vs. time; dashed curve, angle formed by the inner part of the tails and the cluster velocity vs. time. Both angles are in degrees. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-same-as-fig-6-but-for-the-gc-moving-on-orbit-ii-rsheul7b.png Fig. 7. —Same as Fig. 6, but for the GC moving on orbit II. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-for-the-galactic-model-allen-santillan-6hwit10b.png TABLE 1 Parameters for the Galactic Model (Allen & Santillán 1991) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-same-as-fig-6-but-for-the-gc-moving-on-orbit-iii-1oed1cbr.png Fig. 8. —Same as Fig. 6, but for the GC moving on orbit III. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-some-snapshots-of-the-gc-moving-along-the-orbit-i-see-8bnqt8l6.png Fig. 2. —Some snapshots of the GC moving along the orbit I (see Table 3 for the orbital parameters). One time unit corresponds to about 1 Myr. https://scispace.com/papers/tides-and-tidal-datums-in-the-united-states-by-d-l-harris-bz1jpt81oq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-35b-ntyahiqr.png Table B-35b https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-32b-20-30-99-9-99-99-2jbiaw7a.png Figure B-32b 20- 30-99.9 99.99 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-13b-20-30-99-9-99-99-2zby8tpm.png Figure B-13a https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-20b-3e3ed8bg.png Table B-20b https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-probability-density-graph-for-predicted-1pq2ka2e.png Figure 28. Probability density graph for predicted https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-7b-30-99-9-99-99-2nvrzwhz.png Figure B-7a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-29-probability-density-graph-for-predicted-3iidqfuk.png Figure 29. Probability density graph for predicted https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-6b-30-99-9-99-99-1o2yfuik.png Figure B-6b 30-99.9 99.99 https://scispace.com/papers/tide-induced-seawater-groundwater-circulation-in-a-multi-3i6bgmmlf3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-explanation-to-the-sea-tide-induced-mean-watertable-yrzo3nfj.png Fig. 1. Explanation to the sea tide-induced mean watertable higher than the mean sea level: (a) Hypothetical situation (mean watertable ¼ mean sea level) and (b) Real situation (mean watertable . mean sea level). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-representation-of-a-leaky-confined-aquifer-3ko2kimc.png Fig. 2. Schematic representation of a leaky confined aquifer system near open tidal water. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-change-of-the-leakage-flux-fldxth-in-the-confined-4gqvqwob.png Fig. 3. Change of the leakage flux FLðxÞ in the confined aquifer with the landward distance x for different values of the dimensionless leakage u. https://scispace.com/papers/tidewatch-fingerprinting-the-cyclicality-of-big-data-25bpv20btc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-amazon-ec2-dtw-distance-cpu-2e4hsdvp.png Fig. 12. Amazon EC2 DTW distance (CPU) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pagerank-memory-cpu-and-network-activities-on-local-1lyl9vrn.png Fig. 1. PageRank memory, CPU and network activities (on local testbed) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-local-testbed-dtw-distance-memory-319hwcew.png Fig. 11. Local testbed DTW distance (memory) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-amazon-ec2-dbscan-result-cpu-113zjcm3.png Fig. 14. Amazon EC2 DBSCAN result (CPU) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-local-testbed-dbscan-result-memory-ywp2ezzu.png Fig. 13. Local testbed DBSCAN result (memory) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tidewatch-architecture-1r2tqejo.png Fig. 5. TideWatch architecture https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-average-total-migration-time-and-network-cost-with-2qofruzt.png TABLE I. AVERAGE TOTAL MIGRATION TIME AND NETWORK COST [WITH STANDARD DEVIATION] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-dtw-and-dbscan-time-cost-l7i7nale.png Fig. 15. DTW and DBSCAN time cost https://scispace.com/papers/ties-and-inequalities-in-later-life-welfare-state-regime-and-51p2crqsx2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mediation-coefficients-estimates-for-each-social-vvrl14qp.png Table 2. Mediation coefficients’ estimates for each social network feature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-1eiv9ql1.png Table 1. Continued. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-by-sub-sample-iatw6smn.png Table 1. Continued. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mediation-coefficients-estimates-for-provided-362wxgo6.png Table 4. Mediation coefficients’ estimates for provided instrumental help by country. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pair-wise-comparisons-of-mediation-coefficients-1z4r5kgo.png Table 3. Pair-wise comparisons of mediation coefficients’ estimates across regimes (z-test statistic). https://scispace.com/papers/tiered-gasoline-pricing-a-personal-carbon-trading-b2wx2gprpc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-indicates-that-the-under-emitters-would-always-be-1bi53zy8.png Fig. 1 indicates that the under-emitters would always be better off. When the https://scispace.com/papers/timbre-analysis-of-music-audio-signals-with-convolutional-503qstnyt9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-two-spectrograms-of-different-sounds-used-for-the-8doiyc4k.png Fig. 1. Left: two spectrograms of different sounds used for the singing voice phoneme classification experiment. Right: two trained small-rectangular filters of size 12×8. Relevant time-frequency contexts are highlighted in red. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-recognition-performance-for-irmas-dataset-jj5rbme8.png TABLE II RECOGNITION PERFORMANCE FOR IRMAS DATASET. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-models-performance-for-dan-and-laosheng-datasets-3b7ws33y.png TABLE I MODELS PERFORMANCE FOR dan AND laosheng DATASETS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-models-performance-for-magnatagatune-dataset-3864tqrs.png TABLE III MODELS PERFORMANCE FOR MAGNATAGATUNE DATASET. https://scispace.com/papers/tiktok-is-my-life-and-snapchat-is-my-ventricle-a-mixed-2mmejv7vek 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-the-pupils-who-filled-out-the-3k3qkqnx.png Table 1 Demographics of the pupils who filled out the questionnaire https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-topics-and-example-questions-of-the-focus-groups-29nyjpp0.png Table 2 Topics and example questions of the focus groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3c2vzjfg.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mentions-of-the-value-of-different-types-of-octs-29jkj53h.png Figure 1 Mentions of the value of different types of OCTs for friendships https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mentions-of-topics-during-the-use-of-different-t0o4vljy.png Figure 2 Mentions of topics during the use of different types of OCTs https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-coding-structure-of-themes-and-subthemes-including-1rj3d635.png Table 5 Coding structure of themes and subthemes including definitions, and examples https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-early-adolescents-favourite-applications-p34epcpe.png Table 4 Early adolescents’ favourite applications https://scispace.com/papers/tikd-a-trusted-integrated-knowledge-dataspace-for-sensitive-1296zxyg08 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-ark-virus-project-requirements-description-and-the-2sg1o3wx.png TABLE I ARK-VIRUS PROJECT REQUIREMENTS, DESCRIPTION, AND THE SOLUTION PROPOSED WITH THE TIKD MODEL. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-unaddressed-clauses-and-the-action-needed-to-comply-y9s5idm5.png TABLE IV UNADDRESSED CLAUSES AND THE ACTION NEEDED TO COMPLY WITH ISO 27001 REQUIREMENT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-ark-platform-security-evaluation-before-and-after-1h4smz2m.png TABLE III ARK PLATFORM SECURITY EVALUATION, BEFORE AND AFTER IMPLEMENTING THE TIKD, BASED ON THE ISO 27001 GAT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-trusted-integrated-knowledge-dataspace-services-rbd4rcaj.png Fig. 1. The Trusted Integrated Knowledge Dataspace Services. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-sharing-data-in-dataspace-and-tikd-qb2x0qel.png TABLE II COMPARISON OF SHARING DATA IN DATASPACE AND TIKD TRUSTED DATA SHARING APPROACHES. https://scispace.com/papers/tilt-aftereffects-in-a-self-organizing-model-of-the-primary-o8tx0pyzeg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-explanation-of-the-tae-this-figure-shows-activation-1x935omq.png Figure 6:Explanation of the TAE. This figure shows activation histograms similar to those in figure 3c and 3d for several test lines. The histograms focus on the orientation-specific aspects of the cortical response by abstracting out the spatial content, and demonstrate how changes in the response cause the TAE. The top row of histograms (markedI , for Initial) shows the initial response to a vertical line (0Æ), a 10Æ line, and a 50Æ line, each marked by dotted lines. In each case, the initial response is roughly centered around the orientation of the input line. The next row (markedS, Settled) shows the settled response, which has been focused by the lateral connections but is still centered around the input orientation. The bottom row (markedA, Adapted) shows the settled response to the same inputafter adapting to a vertical (0Æ) line, marked by a vertical line on the plots. To magnify and clarify the effect for explanatory purposes, only the inhibitory weights were modifiable in this simulation, their learning rate was increased to 0.00005, and the adaptation lasted for 256 iterations. In (a), the settled response to the 0Æ line broadens with adaptation, as the inhibition between the active units increases (aS!A). Since the response remains centered around 0Æ, there is little change in the perceived orientation and the TAE is close to 0Æ (as can also be seen in figure 4). In contrast in (b), a dramatic orientation shift is evident: while the settled histogram before adaptation was centered around 7.9Æ, after adaptation it is centered around 20.3Æ (bS!A), inducing a direct effect of 12.4Æ. The direct TAE is caused by the same changes that caused the broadening in (a): the activity around 0Æ has decreased, while the activity at larger angles has increased. The changes are more subtle for the indirect effect (c). For the 50Æ stimulus, only the neurons around 0Æ in (cI) fall in the range of orientations initially activated by the adaptation line (aI), and thus those are the only ones that change their behavior between (cS) and (cA). During adaptation, their inhibition to and from neurons around 0Æ was increased, and the weight normalization caused a corresponding decrease to other neurons, including those around 50Æ. As a result, they are now less inhibited than before adaptation, and the average response shifts towardsthe adaptation angle (the indirect TAE). Animated demos of these examples can be seen at http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/nn/pages/research/selforg.html . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tilt-aftereffect-patterns-fixate-your-gaze-on-the-1kga3kut.png Figure 1: Tilt aftereffect patterns. Fixate your gaze on the circle inside the central diagram for at least thirty seconds, moving your eye slightly inside the circle to avoid developing strong afterimages. Now fixate on the diagram at the left. The vertical lines should appear slightly tilted clockwise; this phenomenon is called the direct tilt aftereffect. If you instead fixate upon the horizontal lines at the right, they should appear barely tilted counterclockwise, due to the indirect tilt aftereffect. (Adapted from Campbell & Maffei, 1971.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-orientation-map-activation-the-orientation-color-1oer4wgb.png Figure 3: Orientation map activation. The orientation color key underneath (b) applies to all of the graphs in (b-d). After being trained on inputs like the one in (a) with random positions and orientations, the RF-LISSOM network developed the orientation map shown in (b). Each neuron is colored according to the orientation it prefers. The black outline shows the extent of the patchy self-organized lateral inhibitory connections of one neuron (marked with a black square) which has a vertical orientation preference. The strongest connections of each neuron are extended along its preferred orientation and link columns with similar orientation preferences, avoiding those with orthogonal preferences. The brightness of the colors in (c,d) shows the strength of activation for each neuron to pattern (a). The initial response of the organized map is spatially broad and diffuse (c, top), like the input, and its cortical location at, above, and below the center of the cortex indicates that the input is vertically extended around the center of the retina. The response is patchy because the network is also encoding orientation, and the neurons that encode orientations far from the vertical do not respond (comparec to b). The histogram (c, bottom) sums up the orientation coding of the response. Each bin represents a range of 5Æ, which is the precision to which the orientation map was measured. A wide range of neurons preferring orientations around 0Æ are activated, but the average orientation is approximately 0Æ (-0.6Æ for this particular run). After the network settles through lateral interactions, the activation is much more focused, both spatially (d, top) and in representing orientation (d, bottom), but the spatial and orientation averages continue to match the position and orientation of the input, respectively. The average orientation of the settled response (-1.3Æ here) is taken to be the perceived orientation for the TAE experiments. Animated demos of these figures can be seen at http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/nn/pages/research/selforg.html . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-direct-tae-over-time-the-circles-show-the-magnitude-1ptqsf0i.png Figure 5:Direct TAE over time. The circles show the magnitude of the TAE as a function of adaptation time for human subjects MWG (unfilled circles) and SM (filled circles) from Greenlee and Magnussen (1987). They were the only subjects tested in the study. Each subject adapted to a single+12Æ ine for the time period indicated on the horizontal axis (bottom). To estimate the magnitude of the aftereffect at each point, a vertical test line was presented at the same location and the subject was requested to set a comparison line at another location to match it. The plots represent averages of five runs; the data for 0 – 10 minutes were collected separately from the rest. For comparison, the heavy line shows average TAE in the LISSOM model for a+12Æ test line over 9 trials (with parameters as in figure 4). The horizontal axis (top) represents the number of iterations of adaptation, and the vertical axis represents the magnitude of the TAE at this time step. The RF-LISSOM results show a similar logarithmic increase in TAE magnitude with time, but do not show the saturation that is seen for the human subjects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-architecture-of-the-rf-lissom-network-a-small-rf-34e3hbtq.png Figure 2:Architecture of the RF-LISSOM network. A small RF-LISSOM network and retina are shown, along with connections to a single neuron (shown as a large circle). The input is an oriented Gaussian activity pattern on the retinal ganglion cells (shown by grayscale coding); the LGN is bypassed for simplicity. The afferent connections form a local anatomical receptive field (RF) on the simulated retina. Neighboring neurons have different but highly overlapping RFs. Each neuron computes an initial response as a scalar product of its receptive field and its afferent weight vector. The responses then repeatedly propagate within the cortex through the lateral connections and evolve into activity “bubbles”. After the activity stabilizes, weights of the active neurons are adapted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tilt-aftereffect-at-different-angles-the-open-cclifmp5.png Figure 4: Tilt aftereffect at different angles. The open circles represent the tilt aftereffect for a single human subject (DEM) from Mitchell and Muir (1976) averaged over ten trials. For each angle in each trial, the subject adapted for three minutes on a sinusoidal grating of a given angle, then was tested for the effect on a horizontal grating. Error bars indicate 1 standard error of measurement. The subject shown had the most complete data of the four in the study. All four showed very similar effects in thex-axis range https://scispace.com/papers/time-accurate-computations-of-isolated-circular-synthetic-4lm85br0ut 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-effect-of-orifice-treatment-on-phase-average-and-1whcjgyp.png Figure 14. Effect of orifice treatment on phase-average and long-time-averageu-velocity profiles at(x− x0)/D = 2.235, y = 0 for NASA Glenn case, SA, medium grid. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-effect-of-time-step-and-number-of-subiterations-on-c655clk9.png Figure 8. Effect of time step and number of subiterations on time history of total velocity at center of orifice for NASA Glenn case, SA, medium grid. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-contours-ofu-velocity-at-phase-0-in-the-z-0-192-mm-1jduro1j.png Figure 9. Contours ofu-velocity at phase =0◦ in the z = 0.192 mm plane for NASA Glenn case using SA, medium grid, showing difference between 360 steps per period (left half) and 720 steps per period (right half). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scaled-drag-coefficient-as-a-function-of-iteration-33damfuh.png Figure 1. Scaled drag coefficient as a function of iteration, showing periodic repeatability of URANS computation for CFDVAL case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-picture-of-the-half-plane-6-zone-grid-used-for-nasa-701an9c7.png Figure 6. Picture of the half-plane 6-zone grid used for NASA Glenn case (1.8 million grid points total). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-time-history-of-velocity-at-center-of-orifice-for-1ytj1hpk.png Figure 7. Time history of velocity at center of orifice for NASA Glenn case, SA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-contours-ofw-velocity-at-orifice-exit-plane-near-2b9tqd7y.png Figure 12. Contours ofw-velocity at orifice exit plane near peak discharge part of cycle using SA, fine grid; CFDVAL case on left, NASA Glenn case on right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-contours-ofw-velocity-at-orifice-exit-plane-near-16yy8b3q.png Figure 13. Contours ofw-velocity at orifice exit plane near peak suction part of cycle using SA, fine grid; CFDVAL case on left, NASA Glenn case on right. https://scispace.com/papers/time-and-distribution-a-model-of-ape-biogeography-2i0dugwj3x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-box-plot-of-time-budget-variables-of-pan-a-and-gorilla-n15fuypj.png Fig. 5. — Box plot of time budget variables of Pan (a) and Gorilla (b) at sites where they are correctly predicted to be absent and sites where they are correctly predicted to be present. Dark grey = resting, light grey = feeding and white = moving. Feeding and moving time are calculated based on party and group size of 5 and 10 individuals, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1j40n582.png Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1mwetlqa.png Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-boxplots-of-predicted-group-sizes-for-pan-dark-grey-3090f4wu.png Fig. 4. — Boxplots of predicted group sizes for Pan (dark grey) and Gorilla (light grey) at sites where they were correctly and falsely predicted to be present. These graphs suggest that Pan may need a minimum group size that is closer to 40 than to the conservative value of 10 used in this model, while this is not the case for Gorilla. *** P < 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-predicted-by-the-model-with-actually-29xhzwpl.png Fig. 3. — Comparison of predicted (by the model) with actually observed group sizes for Pan (black circles) and gorillas (grey triangles). Note that values should fall on or below the diagonal (which indicates equal values), because the model will predict maximum ecologically tolerable group sizes, which should be higher or equal to those observed in the field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-chart-of-the-relationships-between-climate-ape-s6goex7j.png Fig. 1. — Flow chart of the relationships between climate, ape diet, body weight, group size and time budget variables as used in the model. Solid arrows indicate relationships used in the model, dashed arrows indicate relationships that are ‘optional’, depending on the strategy used by a species and dashed-dotted arrows indicate interdependency in climate variables which, however, were not used in this model. True independent variables are those in grey boxes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2j0xt739.png Table 4. https://scispace.com/papers/time-after-time-flowering-phenology-and-biotic-interactions-40wibppy5i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-indices-to-quantify-flowering-synchrony-ofgweke6.png Table 1. Indices to quantify flowering synchrony https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-a-pathogen-alters-selection-on-host-flowering-ew65vcgn.png Figure I. A pathogen alters selection on host flowering phenology. (a) A Silene latifolia plant infected with the anther-smut fungus Microbotryum violaceum. (b) The proportion of plants per family that become infected by the pathogen decreases for families that start flowering later in the season. Upward- and downward-pointing triangles represent families with high and low values for phenology-independent resistance, respectively; circles represent families with intermediate levels of resistance. (c) As a result, the pathogen significantly affects selection on host phenology: in the absence of the pathogen (closed circles, solid line), early-flowering families have the highest male reproductive success (measured as average number of fruits sired per male plant). In the presence of the pathogen (open triangles, dashed line), this advantage diminishes. Each symbol represents a family mean. Reproduced with permission from Arjen Biere (a) and Ref. [52] (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-relationship-between-pollinator-responses-dashed-24od5k2z.png Figure I. A pathogen alters selection on host flowering phenology. (a) A Silene latifolia plant infected with the anther-smut fungus Microbotryum violaceum. (b) The proportion of plants per family that become infected by the pathogen decreases for families that start flowering later in the season. Upward- and downward-pointing triangles represent families with high and low values for phenology-independent resistance, respectively; circles represent families with intermediate levels of resistance. (c) As a result, the pathogen significantly affects selection on host phenology: in the absence of the pathogen (closed circles, solid line), early-flowering families have the highest male reproductive success (measured as average number of fruits sired per male plant). In the presence of the pathogen (open triangles, dashed line), this advantage diminishes. Each symbol represents a family mean. Reproduced with permission from Arjen Biere (a) and Ref. [52] (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-should-food-deceptive-species-flower-earlier-or-34ovcjg7.png Figure I. A pathogen alters selection on host flowering phenology. (a) A Silene latifolia plant infected with the anther-smut fungus Microbotryum violaceum. (b) The proportion of plants per family that become infected by the pathogen decreases for families that start flowering later in the season. Upward- and downward-pointing triangles represent families with high and low values for phenology-independent resistance, respectively; circles represent families with intermediate levels of resistance. (c) As a result, the pathogen significantly affects selection on host phenology: in the absence of the pathogen (closed circles, solid line), early-flowering families have the highest male reproductive success (measured as average number of fruits sired per male plant). In the presence of the pathogen (open triangles, dashed line), this advantage diminishes. Each symbol represents a family mean. Reproduced with permission from Arjen Biere (a) and Ref. [52] (b). https://scispace.com/papers/time-angle-ocean-acoustic-tomography-using-sensitivity-39zdedkl6c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pekeris-waveguide-with-examples-of-three-possible-24cpjok6.png FIGURE 1: Pekeris waveguide with examples of three possible raypaths. The source and receive array at the beginning and the end of the waveguide have 97 elements evenly spaced by 0.5 m i.e. .These observables – measured with source-receiver arrays and the double beamforming technique (2; 3) – vary when the sound speed distribution changes in the waveguide. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-inversion-results-for-different-values-of-lambda-l-24tps733.png FIGURE 3: Inversion results for different values of lambda (λ= 103.2, 102, 1, 10−2, 10−3.2) compared to the “ground truth” that is the sound-speed perturbation map used in the PE simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-doa-b-dod-c-tt-sensitivity-kernel-associated-to-1qfexf3h.png FIGURE 2: (a) DOA-, (b) DOD-, (c) TT-sensitivity kernel associated to the raypath shown in plain line. Positive (resp. negative) zones represent areas where a positive sound-speed perturbation induces a positive (resp. negative) variation of DOA, DOD or TT. https://scispace.com/papers/time-and-frequency-response-of-structures-with-frequency-2247yjs942 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-elastomer-frequency-dependent-tan-d-2a2tf51a.png Figure 2: Elastomer frequency-dependent tan δ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-modal-characteristics-discrepancy-between-the-18m3534i.png Figure 6: Modal characteristics discrepancy between the perturbation algorithm A3 and the iterative/perturbation one A2, with respect to the resonance modes frequency. Very damped case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-modal-characteristics-discrepancy-between-the-3ovoo5xe.png Figure 4: Modal characteristics discrepancy between the perturbation algorithm A3 and the iterative/perturbation one A2, with respect to the resonance modes frequency. Slightly damped case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plate-response-to-point-force-excitation-in-the-3b72k17t.png Figure 3: Plate response to point force excitation in the slightly damped case https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-elastomer-frequency-dependent-storage-modulus-1wlobbes.png Figure 1: Elastomer frequency-dependent storage modulus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-the-level-of-acoustic-power-using-the-3dj8k5ra.png Figure 8: Comparison of the level of acoustic power using the iterative algorithm A1 (reference) and the perturbation-based algorithm A3. Very damped case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-the-level-of-acoustic-power-using-the-3a2bcws6.png Figure 7: Comparison of the level of acoustic power using the iterative algorithm A1 (reference) and the perturbation-based algorithm A3. Slightly damped case. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-between-the-ilu-cgs-and-the-direct-1b0p4fvw.png Table 2: Comparison between the ILU/CGS and the direct solution complex eigensolvers for various matrix sizes. https://scispace.com/papers/time-aware-abstractions-in-hybridsal-3muz1z3tm1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-results-all-six-examples-have-1-jordan-3dt751fg.png Table 1. Experimental results: All six examples have 1 jordan block in the A matrix. For each example, Column #vars denotes the number of state variables, λ is the eigenvalue(s), alg.mult. is the (sum of) algebraic multiplicity of the eigenvalue(s), #evecs is the number of eigenvectors, truebnd. is the true upper bound (analytically calculated) for the “top” variable, proved/CE is the bound proved by the tool followed by the bound that generated a (spurious) counter-example, and time is the time (in seconds) taken by Yices to prove/generate a counter-example. The last two columns report the same results, but using a refined upper bound for ln function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-piecewise-linear-lower-and-upper-approximation-for-3uc9hm3a.png Fig. 1. Piecewise-linear lower and upper approximation for natural logarithm function. https://scispace.com/papers/time-bin-entangled-photon-holes-23ef8q91n3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pictorial-representation-contrasting-energy-1pjnvcbp.png FIG. 1. Pictorial representation contrasting energy-timeentangled PDC photon-pair states [panels (a)–(c)], with energy-time EPH states [panels (d)–(f)] realized through strong two-photon absorption (TPA) [1]. By contrasting the two-photon amplitude in panel (b) vs that in panel (e), as well as that in panel (c) vs that in panel (f), it can be seen that EPHs can be thought of as the “negative image” of PDC. A description of the two kinds of two-photon amplitudes, A1,2 and A1:2, is found in the main text. The amplitudes have been normalized to 1 in each plot for convenience. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pictorial-representation-contrasting-time-bin-1gvg9dah.png FIG. 2. Pictorial representation contrasting time-bin-entangled PDC states [panels (a)–(c)] realized through the use of a pump Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZ) [11,12] with time-bin EPH states [panels (d)–(f)]. The introduction of these time-bin EPH states is the main thrust of this paper. The optical pulses on the left side of panel (d) form the background in which the time-bin EPHs will exist. These pulses can be either coherent-state pulses or nonclassical single-photon pulses as described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-apparatus-used-to-implement-the-2fm5o73u.png FIG. 4. Experimental apparatus used to implement the conceptual overview of Fig. 3. A PDC source provides the two background photons, and polarization-maintaining (PM) fibers are used to implement the polarization-based MZs. The phases φ1 and φ2 are controlled by an adjustable birefringent BBO slab and a quarter-wave plate as described in the text. Fiber polarization controllers (fpc’s) are used to define and maintain the relevant polarization states, and 10-nm bandpass interference filters are used to define a PDC photon coherence time of ∼200 fs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-experimental-violation-of-bells-2leujase.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Experimental violation of Bell’s inequality with time-bin EPHs. The solid lines are least-squares fits to the data constrained by a common period. The visibility of the black-squares curve is (86.1 ± 0.5)%, and the blue-triangles curve is (81.7 ± 0.5)%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-schematic-overview-of-our-experimental-16vnwcwz.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Schematic overview of our experimental method to violate Bell’s inequality using time-bin EPHs in a single-photon background. The background is formed by two single photons that are displaced by τo and mixed at a 50:50 beamsplitter. Postselection at the output of a Franson interferometer realizes the time-bin EPH state in the background state given by Eq. (2). Polarization-encoding and polarizing beamsplitters (PBSs) are used to simplify the actual experiment [23]. https://scispace.com/papers/time-constraint-patterns-for-event-b-development-21ul0h8ha7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-for-the-contention-problem-2s1i2d9p.png Figure 2. Example for the contention problem https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-for-the-contention-problem-5la7u64d.png Figure 1. Example for the contention problem https://scispace.com/papers/time-delay-and-reality-conditions-for-complex-solitons-2mz7o315uh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pt-symmetric-one-soliton-solution-2-9-of-the-kdv-93kc27ae.png Figure 1: PT -symmetric one-soliton solution (2.9) of the KdV equation (2.6) with α = 6/5 and θ = 6/5π at time t = 20. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-complex-hirota-two-soliton-kdv-solution-2-19-versus-1ikd9nw8.png Figure 3: Complex Hirota two-soliton KdV solution (2.19) versus two-soliton KdV solution obtained from Bäcklund transformations (2.28) for α = 1.2, β = 0.8, θ = π/3 and φ = π/4. The plots in the negative and positive regime of x correspond to the time taken to be t = −20 and t = 20, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-delays-for-a-complex-pt-symmetric-three-171hlhnh.png Figure 4: Time-delays for a complex PT -symmetric three-soliton KdV solution with a compound two-soliton with α = 6/5, γ = 4/5, θ = π/3 and ϑ = φ = π/4. The plots in the negative and positive regime of x correspond to the time taken to be t = −30 and t = 30, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lateral-displacements-for-the-complex-pt-symmetric-r7kdmj5z.png Figure 2: Lateral displacements for the complex PT -symmetric two-soliton KdV solution (2.19) with α = 3/2, β = 1, θ = π/3 and φ = π/4. The plots in the negative and positive regime of x correspond to the time taken to be t = −20 and t = 20, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/time-delay-modelling-for-multi-layer-power-systems-4z4dhtg0qf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-communications-time-delay-j1r2609v.png Fig. 2. Communications time-delay. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-market-induced-cascading-failure-1j6iuq62.png Fig. 1. Market induced cascading failure. https://scispace.com/papers/time-delay-and-accretion-disk-size-measurements-in-the-2q94n54tvm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-15vzvqfm.png Table 2 SBS 0909+532 r Light Curves from Liverpool Telescope https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-composite-r-band-light-curves-for-sbs-0909-images-a-3cxxvggl.png Figure 1. Composite r band light curves for SBS 0909 images A (top) and B (bottom) including measurements from MDM Observatory (stars), the WIYN 3.5 m telescope (diagonal crosses), the Liverpool Telescope (triangles), and USNO (squares). The measurements for image A have been offset by +0.2 mag to minimize empty space in the plot area. The light curve of image B exhibits a substantially steeper slope over the time period 4500 HJD − 2450000 5200 days. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-difference-light-curves-in-the-g-top-panel-and-r-3ihng1k9.png Figure 3. Difference light curves in the g (top panel) and r bands (bottom panel) for SBS 0909, shown with an example of a simulated light curve from our Monte Carlo simulations that is a good fit to the observations. To construct the light curves, image A’s data has been shifted by ΔtAB = tA − tB = 50 days. Significant uncorrelated variability is apparent in the r band. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-observed-g-band-light-curves-for-sbs-0909-images-a-3f4xs7np.png Figure 2. Observed g band light curves for SBS 0909 images A (top panel) and B (bottom panel) from the Liverpool Telescope. The g-band light curves exhibit similar intrinsic variability to the r band light curves over the same period of time, although with increased scatter due to the lower quasar flux in g and poorer observing conditions on some occasions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-joint-probability-density-for-the-ratio-of-the-23hcswww.png Figure 7. Joint probability density for the ratio of the accretion disk sizes in observed-frame r-band and g-band (rs,r /rs,g) for SBS 0909. The vertical line highlights the location of rs,r /rs,g = 1. The distribution is very wide, reflecting the poor constraints we are able to place on the observed-frame g-band accretion disk size. The median and 1σ values for the size ratio distribution are log rs,r /rs,g = 0.5+0.9−1.0, which are larger but not statistically inconsistent with the r/g-band size ratio expected for a thin accretion disk. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-joint-probability-distributions-for-physical-scale-3tn4zkt1.png Figure 6. Joint probability distributions for physical scale size of the accretion disk in observed-frame r (top panel) and g (bottom panel) bands in SBS 0909. Both distributions have been corrected for inclination assuming i = 60◦. The solid and dashed vertical lines indicate the Schwarzschild radius and the radius of the last stable orbit in the Schwarzschild metric, respectively, for black holes of mass 108.51 M and 109.29 M . Our disk sizes are more consistent with a central black hole mass of 108.51 M for SBS 0909. For comparison, we show the 1σ range for the disk size of SBS 0909 obtained by Mediavilla et al. (2011), scaled to our rest-frame wavelengths and for mean microlens mass 〈M〉 = 0.3M . Our disk scale radii are marginally consistent with M11’s result. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sbs-0909-532-light-curves-2hf5p3wl.png Table 1 SBS 0909+532 Light Curves https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-posterior-probability-distribution-for-the-time-viqpihv9.png Figure 4. Posterior probability distribution for the time delay in SBS 0909. The portion of the distribution for delays −70 days < ΔtAB < 0 days is not shown because the probability in that section is essentially zero. Our result for the time delay, ΔtAB = 50+2−4 days, where B leads A, agrees with the previous result from Goicoechea et al. (2008), but is more precise. https://scispace.com/papers/time-consistent-monetary-policy-with-endogenous-price-5cuic7qefm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-maximal-fixed-cost-such-that-pessimistic-mpe-l3yt5cm8.png Figure 6. Maximal fixed cost such that pessimistic MPE displays full price flexibility in steady state, for various values of λ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-timing-of-events-within-a-period-2rgzxso9.png Figure 1. Timing of events within a period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-best-response-function-zero-money-growth-1aycztwh.png Figure 2. Best response function: zero money growth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-best-response-function-and-fraction-of-firms-13kel0ok.png Figure 5. Best response function and fraction of firms choosing price flexibility. Left column: large maximal fixed cost. Right column: small maximal fixed cost. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-best-response-functions-linear-policy-rule-solid-3crs8263.png Figure 3. Best response functions: linear policy rule. Solid line: future expectations coordinated on low inflation equilibri um; dashed line: future expectations coordinated on high inflation equilibrium. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-best-response-function-non-linear-policy-rule-1w6xqddv.png Figure 4. Best response function: non-linear policy rule. https://scispace.com/papers/time-dependent-conduction-current-in-lithium-niobate-18n2lqtssn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-jc-measured-just-after-partial-polarization-2t2x86d7.png FIG. 5. (a) jc measured just after partial polarization switching (T¼ 150 C). (b) Temperature dependence of jc time constants for current increase (sinc) and current decrease (sdec) in SLN. Experimental points fitted by Arrhenius law. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dependence-of-jc-maximum-on-the-number-of-the-2j5xpsxc.png FIG. 6. Dependence of jc maximum on the number of the switching pulses in MgOLN. T¼ 150 C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-experimental-setup-for-polarization-reversal-and-2u6cec7q.png FIG. 1. (a) Experimental setup for polarization reversal and subsequent jc measurement. (b) Teflon bath with the silicone-oil-immersed sample holder. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-waveform-of-the-external-field-pulse-and-corresponding-2o2eiqtc.png FIG. 4. Waveform of the external field pulse and corresponding switching current in MgOLN. T¼ 250 C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-domain-structure-images-on-polar-surfaces-a-zth-b-xy95ijf5.png FIG. 3. The domain structure images on polar surfaces (a) Zþ, (b) Z , and (c) on Y-cross section in MgOLN after partial polarization reversal. Optical microscopy in dark field mode after selective chemical etching. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-waveforms-of-high-voltage-pulse-for-partial-1jc6uied.png FIG. 2. Waveforms of high-voltage pulse for partial polarization reversal and low-voltage pulse for jc measurement. https://scispace.com/papers/time-delayed-correlation-analysis-for-multi-camera-activity-p70zf0clkg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-better-scene-decomposition-result-a-was-obtained-ixlru372.png Fig. 10 Better scene decomposition result (a) was obtained using our time-series activity representation and correlation based distance metric, as compared to the result (b) obtained using Bag of Words representation (Li et al. 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-the-station-layout-and-camera-topology-of-2qdx1w55.png Fig. 5 (Color online) The station layout and camera topology of Station A dataset. Entry and exit points are highlighted in red bars https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-quantitative-comparison-between-our-time-series-j2gk5no1.png Fig. 11 Quantitative comparison between our time-series representation (decomposition accuracy = 99.73%) against Bag of Words representation (Li et al. 2008) (decomposition accuracy = 83.83%) on a synthetic dataset https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-station-a-dataset-example-of-phases-inferred-using-a-1e0mradp.png Fig. 21 Station A dataset: example of phases inferred using (a) single view activity analysis without activity-based scene decomposition, (b) single view activity analysis with activity-based scene decomposition, and (c) multi-view global activity analysis. The ground truth is shown in (d). Y -axis represents the inferred phases and X-axis represents the frame index. Only 3000 frames from the test set are shown https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-station-a-dataset-example-frames-from-the-phases-1avegcg4.png Fig. 22 Station A dataset: example frames from the phases inferred using our global activity analysis. Phase 1: train is absent and passengers are waiting for train on the platform. Phase 2: train arrives and passengers get on/off the train https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-partial-observations-of-activities-observed-from-4juo9tp5.png Fig. 1 (a) Partial observations of activities observed from different camera views often form a chain of inter-correlated spatio-temporal patterns: a group of people (highlighted in green boxes) get off a train [Cam 8, frame 10409] and subsequently take an upward escalator [Cam 5, frame 10443] which leads them to the escalator exit view [Cam 4, frame 10452]. (b) Three consecutive frames captured from two different cameras at 0.7 frames per second (fps). An object can pass through the whole view in just three frames. In addition, severe inter-object occlusion and low-quality video are among the key factors that render object tracking infeasible https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-station-b-dataset-example-of-phases-inferred-using-a-1ti8ajxu.png Fig. 23 Station B dataset: example of phases inferred using (a) single view activity analysis without activity-based scene decomposition, (b) single view activity analysis with activity-based scene decomposition, and (c) multi-view global activity analysis. The ground truth is shown in (d). Y -axis represents the inferred phases and X-axis represents the frame index. Only 3000 frames from the test set are shown https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-station-b-dataset-example-frames-from-the-phases-j33n1471.png Fig. 24 Station B dataset: example frames from the phases inferred using global activity analysis. Phase 1: passengers on the escalator track are approaching the escalator exit; Phase 2: passengers move clear of the escalator exit area https://scispace.com/papers/time-dependent-reliability-analysis-of-service-proven-quay-2p2dvt2t5t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-typical-degradation-curve-due-to-corrosion-and-asset-2fpmtnwk.png Fig. 4. Typical degradation curve due to corrosion and asset management stages of steel combi-tubes in Rotterdam. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-development-of-fos-a-and-annual-reliability-index-b-cma5vvk2.png Fig. 8. Development of FoS (A) and annual reliability index (B) for Zyield and Zbuckling of a service-proven quay wall subject to corrosion curve 3 in the permanent immersion zone. The annual reliability curves are based on the first-order system analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fos-lifetime-reliability-index-t50-and-annual-1oog64sc.png Table 3 FoS, lifetime reliability index t50 and annual reliability index t1for ZYield and ZBuckling. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-exceeding-of-safety-limits-and-annual-reliability-14fg77b1.png Table 4 Exceeding of safety limits and annual reliability targets on the basis of the allowable stress and reliability-based assessments, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-comparison-of-allowable-stress-based-a-and-21wkdsqa.png Fig. 12. Comparison of allowable stress-based (A) and reliability-based (B) assessments of a service-proven quay wall subject to corrosion curve 9 in the permanent immersion zone. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-main-dimensions-of-the-reference-quay-wall-a-combi-2wd8xp63.png Fig. 5. Main dimensions of the reference quay wall, a combi-wall with grouted anchor (left), and its typical bending moment (A), normal forces (B) and deformation diagrams (C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-stress-decomposition-a-over-the-cross-section-of-a-3askkzfb.png Fig. 6. Stress decomposition (A) over the cross-section of a combi-tube without (B) and subject to corrosion (C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-example-of-failure-estimates-obtained-by-performing-a-2fy0kfmn.png Fig. 7. Example of failure estimates obtained by performing a crude Monte Carlo and a first-order system reliability analysis for a service-proven quay wall. https://scispace.com/papers/time-dependent-density-functional-theory-in-the-projector-2fstm72z4a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-optical-absorption-spectra-of-the-na2-2ej61wix.png FIG. 1. Color online Optical absorption spectra of the Na2 dimer represented as folded oscillator strengths FOS’s, Eq. 40 . The results obtained a by the time-propagation after a delta kick and b by the linear-response scheme are compared. x and z denote the polarization directions of the light so that the molecule symmetry axis is aligned along the z direction. Experimental data is from Refs. 33 and 34 as quoted in Ref. 16. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-highest-occupied-ks-orbital-energies-homo-lda-and-2mi8bxmz.png TABLE I. Highest occupied KS orbital energies HOMO LDA and the lowest S→P s / t spin singlet/triplet excitation energies for selected divalent atoms. The present ground-state or linear-response LDA results GPAW are compared to similar literature results. Experimental excitation values taken from Ref. 16 are also given. All values are in eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-optical-absorption-spectra-of-the-benzene-5z4586br.png FIG. 2. Color online Optical absorption spectra of the benzene molecule represented as folded oscillator strengths FOS’s, Eq. 40 . The results obtained a by the time-propagation after a delta kick and b by the linearresponse scheme are shown. x, y, and z denote the polarization directions of the light as shown in the inset so that the z axis is perpendicular to the plane of the molecule. c The average spectra are compared with the experimental one quoted in Ref. 36. The experimental spectrum is scaled to integrate to f =0.9 in the energy range from 6.5 to 8.3 eV Ref. 36 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-a-convergence-of-the-harmonic-peak-184iies6.png FIG. 8. Color online a Convergence of the harmonic peak intensities as a function of the edge length a of the cubic simulation box. The dotted lines are just a guide to the eye. b Convergence of the harmonic peak intensities as a function of the length t of the time step. The dotted lines are just a guide to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-properties-of-the-born-oppenheimer-potentials-for-dv2po4y7.png TABLE II. Properties of the Born–Oppenheimer potentials for the Na2 dimer. The transition energies Te at the experimental equilibrium distance of R =3.068 Å are given in eV, the equilibrium distances Re in Å, and the vibration energies e in cm −1. The experimental data is from Ref. 32 and the theoretical data from Refs. 40–42. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-emission-spectra-of-a-be-atom-in-a-1jtuthi4.png FIG. 4. Color online Emission spectra of a Be atom in a sinusoidal dipole field of the frequency of 0.5 eV / and strengths of a 0.2 V /Å, b 0.4 V /Å, and c 0.8 V /Å. The thick blue vertical line at 4.82 eV denotes the frequency of the first S→P transition. The thin vertical lines denote odd harmonic frequencies. The green dashed lines are drawn to emphasize the exponential decay of the high-harmonic peak intensities as a function of the frequency in emission. The red dot-dashed lines emphasize the difference frequency mixing of the first resonance and the dipole field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-born-oppenheimer-potential-curves-for-rsad71b4.png FIG. 3. Color online a Born–Oppenheimer potential curves for the Na2 dimer in the ground state X , in the lowest excited singlet states A, B and in the triplet states x,a,b . b Comparison of the dipole transition moments calculated within the LDA broken lines with the CI results squares of Ref. 43. The dipole moment = is given in debyes 1 D=3.335 64 10−30 C m . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-emission-spectra-of-a-be-atom-in-a-11djlbjq.png FIG. 5. Color online Emission spectra of a Be atom in a sinusoidal dipole field of the frequency of 1.0 eV / and strengths of a 0.2 V /Å, b 0.4 V /Å, and c 0.8 V /Å. https://scispace.com/papers/time-dependent-discrete-road-network-design-with-both-l80n1uy3p6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-the-developed-algorithms-31okczrl.png Table 2. Comparison of the developed algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-parameter-settings-for-the-algorithms-901et3kh.png Table 6. Parameter settings for the algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-summary-of-computational-results-1aq0sadh.png Table 7. Summary of computational results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-1-st-iteration-select-the-closest-pair-figure-4-b-3irfm110.png Figure 4(a). 1 st iteration: select the closest pair Figure 4(b). 2 nd iteration: select for omission https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-testing-networks-1o2z1ukj.png Table 5. Testing networks https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-chromosome-representation-of-design-scenarios-in-1t7u8rbj.png Table 4. The chromosome representation of design scenarios in Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-design-for-am-left-and-pm-right-peak-hours-ufdxakjq.png Figure 1. Typical design for AM (left) and PM (right) peak hours in year τ https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-comparison-of-the-two-versions-of-nsga-ii-ea5fzq04.png Table 8. Comparison of the two versions of NSGA-II https://scispace.com/papers/time-dependent-variation-of-pof-bragg-grating-reflectivity-41tt2u4hwf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reflected-peak-power-and-wavelength-variation-values-h4xuza5p.png Table 2. Reflected peak power and wavelength variation values for each sensor submerged in fuel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-transmission-spectra-of-an-mpofbgs-array-with-five-2t7ez69u.png Figure 1. Transmission spectra of an mPOFBGs array with five multiplexed gratings. Inset: Image of the 114 mPOF used with three-ring hexagonal cladding structure [19]. 115 116 A similar design of the prototype multiple sensor configuration presented in [13,14] was used, 117 which consists of a square acrylic tube (800 mm length), but with no windows drilled at equidistant 118 positions along it as was done in our previous work. The reason is that sensors would suffer 119 deformation if we have windows drilled as was used before. With no holes at the position sensors on 120 tube, we have no influence from sensors in terms of diaphragms deformation. The configuration 121 contains five sensors spatially separated by 150 mm (see Fig. 2 (a)). The sensors were then placed and 122 sealed at positions. To fix the diaphragms in each position, a retaining ring was used, with the 123 diaphragm sandwiched between the tube and retaining ring. Eight screws were used to hold the tube 124 and retaining ring together, producing a strong seal. This square tube containing the sensors is placed 125 inside the cylindrical tube and after that, the cylindrical tube is full of water – all sensors submerged 126 in water (see Fig. 2 (a)). For fuel, the same procedure is done however, only three sensors are 127 submerged and the fuel level is set at 40 cm (Fig. 2 (b)) due to safety reasons when is used fuels. 128 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reflected-peak-power-and-wavelength-variation-values-2r7117ka.png Table 3. Reflected peak power and wavelength variation values for each sensor submerged in fuel using TOPAS mPOFBGs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reflected-peak-power-and-wavelength-variation-values-3phtmrmn.png Table 1. Reflected peak power and wavelength variation values for each sensor submerged in water during 90 days. https://scispace.com/papers/time-domain-fitting-of-battery-electrochemical-impedance-4ychuk7hwt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-diagram-of-voltage-and-current-measurement-circuit-30d7kc90.png Figure 6: Diagram of voltage and current measurement circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-evaluation-of-the-proposed-algorithm-using-real-27yc5003.png Figure 7: Evaluation of the proposed algorithm using real data: filtered signals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nyquist-plot-of-impedance-spectrum-of-a-li-ion-cell-ce7cccq8.png Figure 1: Nyquist plot of impedance spectrum of a Li-ion cell. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evaluation-of-the-fractional-and-randles-models-2qq9khul.png Figure 5: Evaluation of the fractional and Randles models using the synthetic data given in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-battery-eis-equivalent-circuit-model-2-rbvybpo3.png Figure 2: Battery EIS equivalent circuit model (2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evaluation-of-the-proposed-algorithm-using-2qjtu7tq.png Figure 3: Evaluation of the proposed algorithm using synthetic data: measurement signals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-true-vs-estimated-parameters-using-real-data-3ia7ns7r.png Table 2: True vs. estimated parameters using real data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-evaluation-of-the-fractional-and-randles-models-266v3i0h.png Figure 8: Evaluation of the fractional and Randles models using the real data given in Table 2. https://scispace.com/papers/time-domain-processing-techniques-using-ring-oscillator-3jlphbi9hu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-post-layout-simulation-results-showing-to-one-of-the-1ksjdukz.png Fig. 11. Post-layout simulation results showing to one of the oscillator outputs in a) for reference and the ISF ig , io , ir for injecting a small signal charge at the virtual ground, oscillator output, and virtual rail nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-implementation-of-the-linearised-tdfa-unit-which-ml441boe.png Fig. 12. Implementation of the linearised TDFA unit which calculates the difference with respect to the two PWM encoded signals D & Q. (a) Digital logic for B operator. (b) Average output from B due to the pulse width of D & Q. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-detailed-transistor-level-implementation-of-the-i4qwvbeh.png Fig. 10. Detailed transistor level implementation of the second-order ROF structure. Here the digital gates in: (a) implement a difference operator; (b) is the switched current DAC; (c) is the floating differential ring oscillator structure; (d) is the differential delay cell, and (e) is the corresponding buffer that amplifies the oscillator voltage to full swing. All device sizes are shown in (f). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-concept-of-processing-multi-phase-time-encoded-signals-rvun9pvw.png Fig. 1. Concept of processing multi-phase time-encoded signals using digital logic, in combination with oscillator-based memory elements for retaining system states. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-analogy-between-conventional-analogue-circuits-and-td-1548ixiz.png Fig. 2. Analogy between conventional analogue circuits and TD circuits in relation to the four signal modalities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-spectral-power-densities-of-the-rof-pwm-output-with-a-ma2qp2gn.png Fig. 16. Spectral power densities of the ROF PWM output with a 4 mVpp 1 kHz differential input signal where the distortion has been annotated in red and the oscillator harmonics are annotated in blue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-experimental-setup-used-for-characterising-the-rof-ndn84rz1.png Fig. 14. Experimental setup used for characterising the ROF filters. Various off-chip instruments are used to supply power and analogue test signals to the device while a Saleae Logic digital acquisition tool samples the PWM output from the chip. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-microphotograph-of-the-fabricated-device-showing-the-8ro511c9.png Fig. 13. Microphotograph of the fabricated device showing the chip with annotated floor plan in (a) while the P1,M1,M2 layers of the ROF layout are highlighted in (b) (n.b. metal fill omitted for clarity). https://scispace.com/papers/time-evolution-of-elemental-ratios-in-solar-energetic-4rfe8mu8qi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sep-event-2006-december-13-event-2-a-relativistic-14f9fyrh.png Fig. 5.— SEP event 2006 December 13 (event #2): a) relativistic electron intensity (energy channels: 0.7–1.4 (red), 1.4–2.8 (green), 2.8–4.0 MeV (blue)), b) proton intensities at high (40.5–62.2 MeV, magenta) and low (13.8–14.6 MeV, black) energy, c) Fe (10.7–15.8 MeV/nuc, red) and O (10.0–13.1 MeV/nuc, blue) intensity, d) Fe/O intensity ratio. Electron intensities were measured by STEREO B/HET, proton intensities by SOHO/ERNE, Fe and O intensity by ACE/SIS. The vertical purple line denotes the start time of the flare. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-a-succession-of-sep-ratios-with-ascending-s-values-qqddrey0.png Fig. 12.— A succession of SEP ratios with ascending S values (see Table 4) for event #4. As in Figure 2, the SEP ion intensities were measured by STB/LET at 4.0–4.5 MeV/nuc. The SEP ratio data (blue) are overplotted with the fitted function (brown). Much of the temporal variation is observed during the first day of the event. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sep-event-of-2012-august-31-event-1-a-relativistic-2ss1c3y0.png Fig. 1.— SEP event of 2012 August 31 (event #1): a) relativistic electron intensity (energy channels: 0.7–1.4 (red), 1.4–2.8 (green), 2.8–4.0 MeV (blue)), b) proton intensities at high (40–60 MeV, magenta) and low (13.6–15.1 MeV, black) energy, c) Fe (red) and O (blue) intensity at 4.0–4.5 MeV/nuc, d) Fe/O intensity ratio. Electron and proton intensities were measured by STEREO B/HET, Fe and O intensity by STEREO B/LET. The vertical purple line denotes the start time of the flare. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-decay-time-b-plotted-as-a-function-of-s-for-event-2-59zqh4lx.png Fig. 7.— Decay time B plotted as a function of S for event #2. The monotonic dependence as in event #1 is observed but without the discontinuity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sep-event-2014-september-1-event-3-a-relativistic-1ohhe7y7.png Fig. 8.— SEP event 2014 September 1 (event #3): a) relativistic electron intensity (energy channels: 0.7–1.4 (red), 1.4–2.8 (green), 2.8–4.0 MeV (blue)), b) proton intensities at high (40–60 MeV, magenta) and low (13.6–15.1 MeV, black) energy, c) Fe (red) and O (blue) intensity at 4.0–4.5 MeV/nuc, d) Fe/O intensity ratio. Electron and proton intensities were measured by STEREO B/HET, Fe and O intensity by STEREO B/LET. The vertical purple line denotes the start time of the flare. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-succession-of-sep-ratios-versus-time-with-ascending-fpf1raxq.png Fig. 2.— A succession of SEP ratios versus time with ascending S values (see Table 4) for event #1. SEP ion intensities were measured by STB/LET at 4.0–4.5 MeV/nuc. Ratio data points (blue) in time interval between the maximum and the minimum were fitted to Equation 2 (plotted in brown), where B is the ratio decay time constant. Ratios with larger S show more temporal evolution, i.e. lower B. Ratios X/H increase before they start decreasing. All intervals on the vertical axes are scaled equally to 3 orders of magnitude. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-solar-flares-and-coronal-mass-ejections-9hyt69c8.png Table 1: Details of solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) obtained from SolarMonitor.org and the CDAW CME catalogue. The position of the backside flare (event #3) was calculated using STEREO FITS files. The flare class for this event was estimated by Pesce-Rollins et al. (2015). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-details-of-the-sep-events-the-duration-is-the-time-3vog51iz.png Table 2: Details of the SEP events. The duration is the time span with good Fe count statistics in day of year units, for which are heavy ion ratios plotted and analysed. ∆φ is longitudinal separation (positive is flare west of the spacecraft footpoint), ∆θ is latitudinal separation (positive is flare north of the spacecraft), A2/A1 is the ratio of Fe/O values (final/initial), ∆t the time over which the Fe/O decrease occurs, and B is the derived exponential decay time constant. https://scispace.com/papers/time-domain-technique-for-rapid-broadband-measurement-of-2quxlybe4k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-reverberation-chamber-containing-paddle-and-iyyhrcib.png Figure 4. Reverberation chamber containing paddle and broadband antennas, loaded with spherical phantom of known ACS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-monte-carlo-method-for-estimating-the-uncertainty-z1tjy1d6.png Figure 3. Monte Carlo method for estimating the uncertainty in time-domain measurements of ACS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-output-of-nonlinear-model-fitted-to-measured-pdp-at-2hyjo9lq.png Figure 2. Output of nonlinear model fitted to measured PDP at 10GHz (filtered by a 5MHz smoothed cosine window), showing good agreement with the linear part (0- 6 s), the noise floor (6-9 s) and the IFFT artefact (9- 10 s). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-correlation-of-acs-with-body-parameters-xt8wo6t2.png Figure 8. Correlation of ACS with body parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-linear-regression-of-acs-versus-fat-thickness-1slnhbor.png Figure 9. Linear regression of ACS versus fat thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pdp-of-reverberation-chamber-showing-the-increase-1flrl2bh.png Figure 1. PDP of reverberation chamber showing the increase in due to loading with a lossy object. The rise in PDP after 9 s is an artefact of the IFFT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-broadband-measurement-of-acs-of-the-spherical-2wuhecz0.png Figure 5. Broadband measurement of ACS of the spherical phantom, using frequency domain and time domain (IFFT) techniques, compared with Mie-series calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-standard-deviation-of-acs-measurements-of-the-2khtjd0x.png Figure 6. Standard deviation of ACS measurements of the spherical phantom, showing good agreement with the Monte-Carlo model, and lower uncertainty of IFFT compared to frequency domain technique. https://scispace.com/papers/time-evolving-undirected-graphical-model-for-protein-protein-1putakss4a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-graphical-model-representation-of-and-chain-n4k87ov7.png Figure 5: Graphical model representation of and chain-structured CRF 1.3 Time-arraying probabilistic graphical model with PPI Networks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-complete-graph-does-not-uniquely-specify-the-1mns9520.png Figure 3. A complete graph does not uniquely specify the higher-order dependence structure in the joint distribution of the variables. The Eqn.2 specifies only second order dependence (and can be represented with fewer parameters). Graphical models for discrete data are a special case of log linear models for multiway contingency tables [24] in that language f(2) is referred to as the “no second-order interaction” model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-for-training-and-test-datasets-using-the-crf-fukmxiln.png Table 1: Results for training and test datasets using the CRF model and our novel model for human computer data for mutual information protein interactions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shows-four-examples-of-undirected-graphs-a-graph-g-21ylohzz.png Figure 2 shows four examples of undirected graphs. A graph G consists of a pair (V,E), where V is a set of vertices and E the set of edges (defined by pairs of vertices). Two vertices X and Y are called adjacent if there is an edge joining them; this is denoted by X ∼ Y. https://scispace.com/papers/time-evolution-of-wikipedia-network-ranking-45ws2j8vro 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-same-as-in-figure-7-for-years-2009-200908-2011-from-1ui1dd1m.png Fig. 8. Same as in Figure 7 for years 2009, 200908, 2011 (from top to bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-university-of-wikipedia-articles-in-the-local-cheirank-124uun5k.png Fig. 7. University of Wikipedia articles in the local CheiRank versus PageRank plane at different years; panels are for years 2003, 2005, 2007 (from top to bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-all-wikipedia-networks-at-different-3o8jjcvn.png Table 1. Parameters of all Wikipedia networks at different years considered in the paper; set 2009 corresponds to December 2009, set 200908 to August 2009. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-g-and-g-eigespectrum-parameters-for-all-wikipedia-2fhfxjp2.png Table 2. G and G∗ eigespectrum parameters for all Wikipedia networks, year marks spectrum of G, year with star marks spectrum of G∗. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pagerank-probability-p-k-left-panel-and-cheirank-ly4c9zqn.png Fig. 1. PageRank probability P (K) (left panel) and CheiRank probability P ∗(K∗) (right panel) are shown as a function of the corresponding rank indexes K and K∗ for English Wikipedia articles at years 2003, 2005, 2007, 200908, 2009, 2011; here the damping factor is α = 0.85. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-time-evolution-of-global-ranking-of-top-10-1j23ct45.png Fig. 9. Time evolution of global ranking of top 10 universities of year 200908 in indexes of PageRank K (a) and 2DRank K2 (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-density-of-wikipedia-articles-in-the-cheirank-versus-1veq1y23.png Fig. 2. Density of Wikipedia articles in the CheiRank versus PageRank plane at different years. Color is proportional to logarithm of density changing from minimal nonzero density (dark) to maximal one (white), zero density is shown by black (distribution is computed for 100×100 cells equidistant in logarithmic scale; bar shows color variation of natural logarithm of density); left column panels are for years 2003, 2007, 200908 and right column panels are for 2005, 2009, 2011 (from top to bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-same-as-in-figure-10-but-for-the-spectrum-of-matrix-g-1ks8cec0.png Fig. 11. Same as in Figure 10 but for the spectrum of matrix G∗. https://scispace.com/papers/time-frequency-learning-machines-for-nonstationarity-1rniqqu7oj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spherical-3d-representation-of-the-surrogates-and-the-hqu9tgag.png Fig. 1. Spherical 3D representation of the surrogates (∗) and the tested signal ( ), for the AM (first row) and the FM (second row), with T T0 (left), T ≈ T0 (middle) and T T0 (right). https://scispace.com/papers/time-frequency-relationship-between-inflation-and-inflation-5b97mija47 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-annual-and-monthly-data-plots-2sf57h5l.png Figure 1. Annual and Monthly Data Plots https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-wps-of-the-inflation-series-and-its-uncertainty-1ejdpx57.png Figure 4. The WPS of the inflation series and its uncertainty (monthly data) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-xwt-of-the-inflation-series-and-its-uncertainty-3cgwpd3a.png Figure 5. The XWT of the inflation series and its uncertainty (monthly data) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-xwt-of-the-inflation-series-and-its-uncertainty-278em8ct.png Figure 3. The XWT of the inflation series and its uncertainty (annual data) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-wps-of-the-inflation-series-and-its-uncertainty-8iet64qi.png Figure 2. The WPS of the inflation series and its uncertainty (annual data) https://scispace.com/papers/time-frequency-analysis-of-electroencephalogram-series-ii-3xexmd1emf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-wavelet-residual-signal-rj-for-the-eeg-signal-shown-in-2p0jw4mg.png FIG. 6. Wavelet residual signal (Rj ) for the EEG signal shown in Fig. 1, in the corresponding wavelet resolution levelsj . S represents the reconstructed signal by summing allRj . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-frequency-boundaries-in-hertz-associated-with-the-2eekq0zd.png TABLE I. Frequency boundaries~in hertz! associated with the different resolution wavelet levels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-recording-of-the-eeg-signal-patient-i-corresponding-to-e7yjowsq.png FIG. 1. Recording of the EEG signal, patient I, corresponding to a depth electrode in the hippocampus region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-same-as-fig-3-for-the-eeg-signal-shown-in-fig-2-1tjpu4id.png FIG. 7. Same as Fig. 3 for the EEG signal shown in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-same-as-fig-6-for-the-eeg-signal-shown-in-fig-2-36er065c.png FIG. 10. Same as Fig. 6 for the EEG signal shown in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-recording-of-the-eeg-signal-patient-ii-corresponding-chln76vm.png FIG. 2. Recording of the EEG signal, patient II, corresponding to a depth electrode in the left amygdala region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-same-as-fig-4-for-the-eeg-signal-shown-in-fig-2-16f27pwl.png FIG. 8. Same as Fig. 4 for the EEG signal shown in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-normalized-monofrequency-deviation-as-a-function-of-1mrm723z.png FIG. 4. Normalized monofrequency deviation as a function of time for the EEG signal shown in Fig. 1 for the~a! B1, ~b! B2, ~c! B3, ~d! B4, ~e! B5, and~f! B6 bands, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/time-gated-cell-imaging-using-long-lifetime-near-infrared-1kyl97bezj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-images-of-nir-qds-stained-cell-for-different-3rtgib13.png Fig. 10 Images of NIR QDs stained cell for different positions of the gate detection (scale bar: 10 μm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fluorescence-microscopy-images-of-hela-cells-1xahpcfj.png Fig. 4 Fluorescence microscopy images of HeLa cells electroporated with NIR QDs at different times after the electroporation: 5, 24, and 48 h (scale bar: 16 μm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-normalized-fluorescence-intensity-decay-measurements-21cq0hvu.png Fig. 5 (a) Normalized fluorescence intensity decay measurements of NIR QDs in different media (hexane, water, and cell cytoplasm). (b) Normalized fluorescence intensity decay of NIR QDs in the cell cytoplasm at different times after the electroporation (5, 24, and 48 h). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numerical-values-of-t1-and-t2-used-to-fit-our-1z8elbzb.png Table 1 Numerical values of τ1 and τ2 used to fit our fluorescence decay curves in Fig. 5 and their respective weights, α1 and α2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-images-of-hela-cells-labeled-with-nir-qds-cell-on-the-1i7h5sli.png Fig. 6 Images of HeLa cells labeled with NIR QDs (cell on the left) or beads containing NIR fluorescent organic dyes (cell on the right) at different delays τ after the laser pulse. (scale bar: 10 μm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-fluorescence-intensity-decay-measurements-of-nir-qds-2y92j23c.png Fig. 7 Fluorescence intensity decay measurements of NIR QDs and fluorescent beads in cells. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ratior-for-our-data-dots-and-best-gray-curve-fit-using-1d8k5q3o.png Fig. 8 RatioR for our data (dots) and best (gray curve) fit using Eq. (1) as the fitting function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-average-intensity-at-the-cell-location-black-squares-24is6qyc.png Fig. 9 Average intensity at the cell location (black squares), average intensity of the autofluorescence (gray circles), and ratio R (dark gray triangles). https://scispace.com/papers/time-horizon-costs-of-equity-capital-and-generic-investment-4tscc5j4kv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-share-of-family-firms-and-cyclical-tendency-of-ovxodkg0.png Table 1 Share of Family Firms and Cyclical Tendency of Different Industries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relation-between-the-cyclical-tendency-of-an-382pn0an.png Figure 1 Relation Between the Cyclical Tendency of an Industry and the Presence of Family Firms. Source: Dow Jones STOXX 600; Faccio and Lang (2002); Boudoukh et al. (1994); Berman and Pfleeger (1997); Hornstein (2000). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-risk-reward-ratio-with-increasing-holding-period-o2k7gc3e.png Figure 4 Risk/Reward Ratio With Increasing Holding Period for an Investment With Annualized Return of 10% and a Standard Deviation of 20%. SD = Standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-risk-premia-of-long-and-short-term-oriented-firms-l-uf8ot3aj.png Figure 5 Risk Premia of Long- and Short-Term-Oriented Firms. l = long-term; s = short-term. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-generic-investment-strategies-for-long-term-3lp9ofyj.png Figure 6 Generic Investment Strategies for Long-Term-Oriented Firms. r = annual return of the project; s = annual risk of the investment; l = long-term; s = short-term. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-return-and-standard-deviation-with-increasing-2hx32ccg.png Figure 3 Mean Return and Standard Deviation With Increasing Time Horizon for an Investment With Annualized Return of 10% and a Standard Deviation of 20%. SD = Standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-normalized-annual-risk-and-investment-horizon-for-3o663in7.png Figure 2 Normalized Annual Risk and Investment Horizon for an Investment With a Standard Deviation of 10%. https://scispace.com/papers/time-inconsistency-and-delayed-retirement-decision-the-4awqm05dki 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-items-for-short-term-and-long-term-impatience-scores-bqe18ck9.png Table 2. Items for short-term and long-term impatience scores. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-probability-to-retire-as-soon-as-possible-3j9rrxrx.png Table 3. Probability to retire “as soon as possible” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-effects-of-short-term-and-long-term-impatience-1pzqoljw.png Figure 2. The effects of short-term and long-term impatience on retirement with bonus decision. All other things being equal, the solid curve is the average predicted probability of retiring with bonus. The long-dashed curve is the average predicted probability for informed agents. The short-dashed curve is the average predicted probability for uninformed agents. For each curve, the gray area is the 95% confidence interval. Interpretation (graphic C): if all individuals in the sample were informed and had a short-term impatience score of -1 (the most patient), the average probability of retiring with bonus would be close to 80%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-2icc9dgb.png Table 1. Summary statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-econometric-results-tplfjl86.png Table 5. Econometric Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-final-sample-3ox7on69.png Figure 1. The final sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-statistics-about-information-and-retirement-with-edqxv50c.png Table 4. Statistics about information and retirement with bonus https://scispace.com/papers/time-perception-does-it-distinguish-adhd-and-rd-children-in-3yv23wnwag 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-means-and-standard-deviations-of-measures-across-1yg63b3v.png Table I. Means and Standard Deviations of Measures Across Groups https://scispace.com/papers/time-predictable-cpu-and-dma-shared-memory-access-20b1o4zb25 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-task-set-for-the-wcet-method-l5ui6frc.png Table 3. Task set for the WCET method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-the-system-performances-in-iterations-1kl66p6h.png Table 5. Comparison of the system performances in iterations/s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-blocked-and-the-spread-memory-access-scheme-of-the-10rjz9ze.png Fig. 1. The blocked and the spread memory access scheme of the DMA task. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-jopvga-system-2r6tjuqg.png Fig. 2. JopVga system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-task-set-1lxfbxqk.png Table 1. Task set. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-the-response-times-of-the-task-1aee4a0r.png Table 4. Comparison of the response times of the task approach with blocked DMA (C1 and R1) and the WCET method with spread DMA access (C2 and R2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-wcet-estimates-given-in-clock-cycles-1h5wmd8h.png Table 2. WCET estimates given in clock cycles. https://scispace.com/papers/time-perspective-perceived-stress-self-control-and-4nybrnljgj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hypothesized-direct-and-indirect-effects-of-2on6sm9h.png Figure 1. Hypothesized direct and indirect effects of perceived stress on relationship satisfaction, with the mediating effect of self-control https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlations-and-descriptives-among-study-variables-27l5jcyz.png Table 1. Correlations and descriptives among study variables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-direct-and-indirect-effects-of-perceived-stress-on-33lpeahl.png Figure 3. Direct and indirect effects of perceived stress on relationship satisfaction, with the mediating effect of self-control https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-direct-and-indirect-effects-of-past-negative-time-wlz9vj3q.png Figure 4. Direct and indirect effects of past-negative time perspective on relationship satisfaction, with the mediating effects of perceived stress and self-control (N = 278, b = non-standardized regression coefficients, **p < .01; ***p < .001) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-direct-and-indirect-effects-of-present-fatalistic-1g490pfd.png Figure 5. Direct and indirect effects of present-fatalistic time perspective on relationship satisfaction, with the mediating effects of perceived stress and self-control N = 278, b = non-standardized regression coefficients, **p < .01; ***p < .001 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-full-theoretical-model-tested-in-the-study-2n60aptg.png Figure 2. The full theoretical model tested in the study https://scispace.com/papers/time-preferences-over-the-life-cycle-and-household-saving-ypwiraq4vo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-risk-preference-correlates-m06vm2gx.png Table B.1: Risk Preference Correlates https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-time-preference-correlates-3ip8glwv.png Table 2: Time Preference Correlates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-selective-non-response-panel-a-plots-the-average-2vnuv653.png Figure A.1: Selective Non-Response. Panel A plots the average measured discount rates against how many years an individual responds to the survey question. Panel B plots the average syllogism test scores against how many years an individual responds to the survey question. The bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-age-patterns-using-alternative-macro-variables-the-l8fm3zyl.png Figure 6: Age Patterns using Alternative Macro Variables. The figure plots the values of age dummies in the individual fixed effects estimation with discount rates as the dependent variable controlling for different macro variables. The bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-age-patterns-estimated-with-the-fixed-effects-model-3f8pj52i.png Figure 3: Age Patterns Estimated with the Fixed Effects Model. The figure plots the values of age dummies in the individual fixed effects estimation with discount rates as the dependent variable with/without controlling for period effects. The bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-d-1-predictions-of-the-canonical-life-cycle-model-in-10amh5mm.png Figure D.1: Predictions of the Canonical Life-Cycle Model in Level. The figure plots the consumption (panel A) and asset holdings (panel B) profile over the life cycle for the baseline model with constant discount rates (blue solid), the model with decreasing discount rates (red dashed) and the data (black dotted). The data profiles are smoothed by regressing on a fourth-order Hermite polynomial in age. The asset profiles are constructed using income and consumption profiles together with the budget constraint. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-1-robustness-for-age-patterns-and-curvature-of-3glwny4k.png Figure C.1: Robustness for Age Patterns and Curvature of Utility Function. The figure plots the values of age dummies in the individual fixed effects estimation. The dependent variable is discount rates with adjusting for curvature of utility function. Panel A uses time-varying relative risk aversion. Panel B uses lead consumption. The bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-summary-statistics-3v6gspqf.png Table A.1: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/papers/time-relevance-and-interaction-modelling-for-information-lb38i3dvyw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-times-required-to-model-mmir-nrt-and-alta-vista-1h2u6tyd.png Table 1: times required to model mmIR, NRT and Alta Vista https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-ermia-model-for-web-based-ir-system-alta-vista-3qnqiybn.png Figure 11: ERMIA model for web based IR system (Alta Vista) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-weak-ordering-for-a-twenty-document-collection-u831t4xw.png Figure 1: A weak ordering for a twenty document collection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-time-to-view-graph-2jjdk3xq.png Figure 13: Time to view graph https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-to-view-graph-2babbrhe.png Figure 3: Number to view graph https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-porter-v-non-porter-recall-precision-graph-3izmkqve.png Figure 2: Porter v non-Porter recall-precision graph https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distribution-of-number-of-relevant-documents-per-3lmicjec.png Figure 5: Distribution of number of relevant documents per query. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-smoothed-and-underlying-ntv-graphs-1d3a1xx3.png Figure 6: Smoothed and underlying NTV graphs. https://scispace.com/papers/time-resolved-electroluminescence-studies-of-iii-nitride-4cwr8sgqib 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-typical-el-spectrum-of-the-333-nm-uv-leds-the-inset-1hxzmwwn.png FIG. 1. (a) Typical EL spectrum of the 333 nm UV LEDs. the inset is the SEM image of LED showing PCs on hexagonal mesa. Hexagonal p-contact layer is at the center of mesa and n-contact layer with a pad surrounds the LED mesa;(b) transient response of the LEDs with PCs(a=600 nm and d=200 nm) and without PCs at the spectral peak wavelength(l=333 nm). The time-resolved EL setup has the system response,30 ps. https://scispace.com/papers/time-resolved-infrared-spectroscopy-on-the-u12ir-beamline-at-39xgtmv9qz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-integrated-photoinduced-absorption-for-the-mct-film-371lplxf.png Figure 4. Integrated photoinduced absorption for the MCT film in the far and mid infrared regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-frequency-averaged-change-in-transmission-for-a-pb-c5shtveu.png Figure 5. Frequency averaged change in transmission for a Pb film with a 10% transmission in the normal https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-far-ir-time-resolved-photoinduced-absorption-of-the-206kf91o.png Figure 1. Far IR time-resolved photoinduced absorption of the MCT film at 5 K. The solid line is a fit based on a Drude model with a single type of carrier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-time-resolved-change-in-frequency-averaged-1f3on8be.png Figure 6. Time-resolved change in frequency averaged transmission for a Pb film at 3.75 K. The film has https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-oscill-ator-strengths-from-the-drude-model-fits-to-3ng81tnk.png Figure 2. Oscill ator strengths from the Drude model fits to the far IR photoinduced absorption. The https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mid-ir-time-resolved-photoinduced-absorption-in-an-1dd98nkv.png Figure 3. Mid IR time-resolved photoinduced absorption in an MCT film. The dashed vertical li ne at 3000 cm-1 marks the location of the gap. https://scispace.com/papers/time-resolved-measurements-of-spin-and-carrier-dynamics-in-2pypoxl2f7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematic-representation-of-the-30946p4m.png FIG. 1. Color online Schematic representation of the experimental setup used for time resolved MOKE experiments. The pump beam was circularly polarized and the probe beam was linearly polarized with the plane of polarization rotated 45°. A Wollaston prism was used to split the reflected probe beam into the s and p components and detected using balanced detectors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-time-resolved-measurements-at-rt-with-rs1p9dva.png FIG. 2. Color online Time resolved measurements at RT with pump/probe wavelengths fixed at 800 nm. The laser fluence was about 5 mJ /cm2 which resulted in a photoinduced carrier density of 1019 cm−3. a Differential reflectivity of InAs grown on 100 and 111 GaAs as a function of time delay between pump and probe, which demonstrates carrier relaxation times of 5 ps. b MOKE measurements on both samples at different circular polarization of the pump, demonstrates spin relaxation of 2 ps. For simplicity, the measurement for only one circular polarization of the pump is shown for the InAs 111 sample. The dashed lines represent exponential fits to the data and for clarity are slightly shifted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-time-resolved-measurements-of-inas-grown-bcvo9xpy.png FIG. 4. Color online Time resolved measurements of InAs grown on 100 GaAs at RT and 77 K with pump/probe wavelengths fixed at 2 m and 800 nm, respectively. The laser fluence was about 5 mJ /cm2 which resulted in a photoinduced carrier density of 1019 cm−3 a Differential reflectivity as a function of time delay between pump and probe which demonstrates carrier relaxation times similar to the observed in Fig. 2 a . b MOKE measurements similar to the case shown in Fig. 2 b . The dashed lines represent exponential fits to the data and for clarity are slightly shifted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-time-resolved-measurements-with-pump-60l6bs3w.png FIG. 5. Color online Time resolved measurements with pump/probe wavelengths fixed at 800 nm with a laser fluence of about 50 J /cm2 which resulted in a photoinduced carrier density of 1017 cm−3. a Differential reflectivity of InAs grown on 100 and 111 GaAs as a function of time delay between pump and probe at RT and 77 K. A biexponential function was used to fit the data dashed lines . The faster component of the relaxation was greater than 20 ps. b An example of MOKE measurements at 77 K of the InAs 111 for one circular polarization of the pump is plotted. The spin relaxation is faster than the carrier relaxation but a significant enhancement compared to Figs. 2 b and 3 b has been observed. The dashed line represents exponential fit to the data and for clarity is shifted slightly. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-similar-measurements-as-in-fig-2-with-a-2wc1qu5c.png FIG. 3. Color online Similar measurements as in Fig. 2 with a slightly higher laser fluence of about 10 mJ /cm2 on InAs 111 at RT and 77 K. a The differential reflectivity does not show a significant change compared to the measurements in Fig. 2 a . b MOKE measurements on the sample show spin relaxation times which are about a factor of two faster compared to the pumping regime shown in Fig. 2 b . In addition, the temperature dependence of the relaxations from RT to 77 K is not significant. The dashed lines represent exponential fits to the data and for clarity are slightly shifted. https://scispace.com/papers/time-resolved-photoelectron-spectroscopy-a-unique-tool-to-2bpyn5f2cv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1d7vu94u.png Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-evc8bbg7.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-abrsj4af.png Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-36ppgxr1.png Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/papers/time-resolved-phase-space-tomography-at-flash-using-a-25j9rgwb9x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-current-and-normalized-emittance-after-applying-6kq1sh6x.png Table 1: Current and normalized emittance after applying intensity cuts in horizontal phase space. The data refer to the distribution shown in Fig. 4c. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-measured-horizontal-phase-space-of-time-slices-36gtvy49.png Figure 4: Measured horizontal phase space of time slices designated in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketch-of-the-flash-beam-line-top-and-the-section-331ar8ib.png Figure 1: Sketch of the FLASH beam line (top) and the section used for the experiment (bottom). https://scispace.com/papers/time-resolved-photoelectron-spectroscopy-of-bulk-liquids-at-4wgjmuguwq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-calibration-of-pke-a-experimental-geometry-b-pked-115z040h.png Figure 1 Calibration of PKE. (a) Experimental geometry. (b) PKED observed by one-color (1+1) REMPI of NO at 226 nm with two different positions (l = 2 or 5 mm) of the liquid beam (0.14 M aqueous NaI solution). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-time-constants-ps-and-average-pke-ev-obtained-by-a00cho8s.png Table I Time constants (ps) and average PKE (eV) obtained by simultaneous fitting of observed time profile and <E(t)> https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-results-for-ctts-from-i-aq-to-bulk-water-in-0-14-m-2q7lhwub.png Figure 2. Results for CTTS from I− (aq) to bulk water in 0.14 M NaI aqueous solution. (a) Pump−probe time profile observed for wavelengths of 243 nm (pump) and 260 nm (probe). Black squares represent the experimental data points, and the solid red line shows the result of least-squares fitting assuming three components. The individual components are indicated in blue, light blue, and gray lines. (b) False-color plot of the PKED measured for 243 nm (pump) and 260 nm (probe). The cross-correlation of the laser pulses is 395 fs. The delay time is plotted on a logarithmic scale. A constant has been added to the actual delay (tplot = ttrue + 0.2 ps) to shift the entire distribution to show the data around t=0. The time labels and grids are presented for ttrue. (c) Averaged values of PKEs at each time delay. The solid blue line shows the result of the least-squares fitting using Eq. (7) (see the text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-photoelectron-intensity-as-a-function-of-laser-22j5ds5w.png Figure 4 Photoelectron intensity as a function of laser polarization direction. One-color twophoton ionization of I−(aq) via 2P3/2 CTTS state at 226 nm was employed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-kinetic-scheme-used-for-simultaneously-fitting-time-129s9nty.png Figure 3 Kinetic scheme used for simultaneously fitting time profile and <E(t)> https://scispace.com/papers/time-resolved-transcriptome-of-barley-anthers-and-meiocytes-42l6d71ybc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-expression-of-selected-meiotic-genes-a-immuno-2l85ay5o.png Figure 6: Expression of selected meiotic genes. A) immuno-staining of meiotic nuclei at four developmental stages for HvZYP1 (magenta, ad), and HvDMC1 (red, 2-h) proteins. All samples were stained with anti-ASY1 antibody (green) and counterstained with DAPI (Blue). Scale bar 10 mm. B) Heatmap expression profile of meiotic genes with a statistically significant log fold change in at least one tissue or stage comparison. The genes are ordered and grouped by WGCNA module on the vertical axis. Genes were extracted from the total dataset, transcript counts log transformed, and plotted using ggplot2 (Wickham, 2016) in R (script available at https://github.com/BioJNO/BAnTr). The samples (3 replicates each) are A.PRE, anther https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-expression-of-transcription-factor-tf-families-in-2pc332ee.png Figure 7: Expression of transcription factor (TF) families in anthers and meiocytes. a) Total number of TFs per family that are expressed in anthers and meiocytes; b) Number of differentially expressed TFs determined by comparing their transcript levels in anthers at different stages. The comparisons are: A.LepZyg-A.Pre, anther leptotene–zygotene versus anther premeiosis; A.PacDipA.LepZyg, anther pachytene– diplotene versus leptotene– zygotene; versus meiocyte leptotene–zygotene; PAC vs A.LEP, anther pachytene– diplotene versus anther leptotene–zygotene; A.PAC vs M.PAC, anther pachytene– diplotene versus meiocyte pachytene–diplotene; A.MetTet-A.PacDip, anther metaphase I–tetrad versus anther pachytene–diplotene. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-wgcna-analysis-of-co-expressed-genes-a-total-of-17-1ua7ukdc.png Figure 2: WGCNA analysis of co-expressed genes. A total of 17 modules were found and the selected four show an interesting pattern for meiocyte enriched genes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-anther-and-meiocyte-collection-and-staging-na9egchy.png Figure 1: Anther and meiocyte collection and staging https://scispace.com/papers/time-resolved-volumetric-mri-in-mri-guided-radiotherapy-an-gy0c0nkq9w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-patients-percentage-of-breathing-irregularity-and-1r4bj7ut.png Table III. Patients percentage of breathing irregularity and parameters 𝑋𝑡𝑢𝑚 and 𝑋𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑡 . https://scispace.com/papers/time-resolved-studies-of-ultrafast-wavepacket-dynamics-in-3s2zjwosdp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-rotational-beat-frequencies-present-in-wavepacket-bsbw7j8j.png Fig. 14. Rotational beat frequencies present in wavepacket motion. (a) and (b): FFT of quantum simulations of impulsively aligned D2 and D+2 respectively. The calculations of rotational motion were made for a 12 fs, 2× 1014W cm−2 aligning pulse, see Section 11 for details. (c) FFT of CE experimental yield for 12 fs pump-probe experiment on D2 target. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-of-intense-field-pulse-interactionswith-a-d2-1jdupomu.png Fig. 3. Schematic of intense field pulse interactionswith a D2 target. The pulsemay tunnel ionise D2 to create a coherent wavepacket on the 1sσg surface of D+2 . This wavepacket may further undergo photodissociation (PD) by net absorption of one (1ω) or two (2ω) photons, proceeding to large R to give D + +D products. Alternatively, denoted by the red (— · —) and purple (— — —) lines respectively, the bound or dissociating wavepacket may be projected onto the Coulomb potential to give a (D+ + D+), with the kinetic energy release (KER) dictated by the R value at which the ionisation occurs. This channel is denoted as Coulomb explosion (CE). Depending on pulse duration and intensity, the secondary fragmentation steps (PD and CE) may occur either within the ionising pulse (discussed in Section 3) or by the application of a secondary pulse to probe the D+2 system (to be discussed from Section 4 onwards). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-experimental-imaging-of-bound-vibrational-wavepacket-2r5fom5c.png Fig. 6. Experimental imaging of bound vibrational wavepacket motion in D+2 , using 13 fs pump (8 × 10 14 W cm−2) and probe (6 × 1014 W cm−2) pulses. The deuteron (D+) energy spectra is shown as a function of pump-probe delay, τ , and displays clear vibrational ‘de-phasing’ and ‘revival’ effects in PD (0.5–1.5 eV) and CE (3–6 eV) channels in the 0–50 fs and 500–600 fs regions respectively. The colour scale represents the deuteron yield in scaled (‘arbitrary’) units where the peak yield corresponds to 1.0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-quantum-carpet-of-an-impulsively-aligned-d2-2xfg7esz.png Fig. 17. ‘Quantum carpet’ of an impulsively aligned D2 rotational wavepacket. (a) Experimental observation. The angle between the pump and probe pulses was varied to selectively image different angular sections of the wavepacket. (b) Quantum model of temporally evolving angular dependence of wavepacket with respect to the 12 fs alignment pulse. In (a) and (b) the colourscale represents the yield and probability density, thus providing good comparison between experiment and theory. Low yield/probability is represented by black, to purple and then the values increase across the visible spectrum to the higher yields being shown as red. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-two-state-coupling-calculation-to-simulate-the-probe-jsayzsq1.png Fig. 9. Two state coupling calculation to simulate the probe pulse at 40 fs delay for a 2×1014Wcm−2 pulse withW = 13 fs. (a) Rapid population transfer and subsequent loss (dissociation) of 1sσg wavepacket. (b) Electric field profile of the pulse used in the coupling term in Eq. (8) and (c) the corresponding intensity profile. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rotational-beats-of-d2-and-d-2-for-convenient-2h0ds4vw.png Table 2 Rotational Beats of D2 and D+2 . For convenient reference, the beats are given in THz and their corresponding periods (2π /ω) are in femtoseconds. These beats are evaluated from Eq. (10) and are consistent with those displayed in Fig. 14 from quantum simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-isolated-observation-of-a-d-2-dissociative-wavepacket-1qsitdpw.png Fig. 5. Isolated observation of a D+2 dissociative wavepacket. By aligning a pump pulse (15 fs, 5×10 14Wcm−2) parallel to the detection axis, a dissociating wavepacket is initiated along this direction. A probe pulse (in this case 15 fs, 7 × 1014 W cm−2) will remove the remaining electron to cause Coulomb Explosion of the dissociating system. If the probe pulse polarisation is aligned perpendicular to the detection axis, it does not contribute significant signal from single pulse interactions (ionisation or dissociation) or from sampling of a bound wavepacket. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-a-vibrational-revival-structure-from-the-coulomb-s0nrm5x0.png Fig. 12. (a) Vibrational revival structure from the Coulomb explosion of D+2 on a linear energy scale. The arrows highlight the direction of wavepacket motion in time. Note these arrows were first fitted to the simulation plot in (b) before being overlaid on (a). (b) For qualitative comparison, a simple direct projection of the wavepacket simulation (Fig. 8 in the revival region) onto the Coulomb potential. This simple projection corresponds to the internuclear range R = 2.5 → 4.5 au. Both colourscales run from blue to green to yellow to red, with red indicating the highest values. It is useful to note that more complete models of CE have been considered elsewhere, see text for details. https://scispace.com/papers/time-response-of-safety-function-realised-by-decentralised-4i226wam7h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-production-line-and-two-level-decentralised-srcs-31zccp90.png Figure 4. Production line and two-level decentralised SRCS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-production-line-with-one-level-decentralised-srcs-easzyc0q.png Figure 3. Production line with one- level decentralised SRCS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-safety-function-realised-by-simple-decentralised-1hzhzujv.png Figure 1. Safety function realised by simple decentralised SRCS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-execution-of-sf-by-simple-decentralised-srcs-37q2rar5.png Figure 2. Execution of SF by simple decentralised SRCS https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-maximal-response-time-of-sfs-2nki4bfj.png TABLE II. MAXIMAL RESPONSE TIME OF SFS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-response-time-of-sfs-measured-values-yoq3yzwc.png TABLE I. RESPONSE TIME OF SFS – MEASURED VALUES https://scispace.com/papers/time-scales-of-melt-extraction-revealed-by-distribution-of-2ml2ly12j6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-143nd-144nd-and-87sr-86sr-ratios-of-the-gimnaut-qk5etbos.png Figure 3. The 143Nd/144Nd and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the GIMNAUT lavas compared with isotope values of basalts collected along the CIR axis and on surrounding volcanic ridges and islands [Bosch et al., 2008; Baxter et al., 1985; Mahoney et al., 1989; Nauret et al., 2006; Pietruszka et al., 2009; Vlastélic et al., 2009]. All literature isotopic data have been corrected relative to the same values for NBS987 (87Sr/86Sr = 0.710240) and La Jolla (143Nd/144Nd = 0.511872) for direct comparison with our data. The standard deviation is 2s. Ticks on the mixing line correspond to increments of 5%. End‐member compositions are listed in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-geochemical-characteristics-of-group-2-lavas-a-87sr-2bgnru6o.png Figure 4. Geochemical characteristics of Group 2 lavas: (a) 87Sr/86Sr versus [La/Sm]N and (b) Zr/Nb versus [La/Sm]N. The standard deviation is 2s. Mantle source composition, partition coefficients, and solid and liquid modes used for melting curve calculations are listed in Table 1. Our data are well reproduced considering the progressive dilution (from 60% to 0%) of the low‐degree enriched melts (F = 2%) in the aggregated liquids due to their mixing with melts issued from higher degree of melting (F = 10%) of the depleted component. Symbols are as in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-the-profile-across-the-cir-surveyed-2wjxz9uz.png Figure 1. Location of the profile across the CIR surveyed during the GIMNAUT cruise. Dark colors show multibeam bathymetric data, and pale colors show the satellite‐derived bathymetry [Smith and Sandwell, 1997]. (a) Location of the studied ridge area [Dyment et al., 2007]. (b) Bathymetric map of the CIR axis and surrounding off‐axis volcanic ridges [Dyment et al., 1999] with position of the profile and previously studied samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-geochemical-compositions-and-melting-parameters-used-27fb9nst.png Table 1. Geochemical Compositions and Melting Parameters Used for Mantle Source Mixing and Melting Calculations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-cross-sections-of-the-upper-mantle-zcp1vaai.png Figure 5. Schematic cross sections of the upper mantle beneath the CIR describing the distribution of the enriched mantle heterogeneities. The melt extraction and migration mechanisms (dunitic channels versus magmatic waves) are not depicted here as they can be applied to both cross sections. (a) In scenario A, enriched melts are continuously produced and at regular intervals reach the surface without mixing. (b) In scenario B, when a fertile component crosses its solidus, the first increments of enriched melts are pooled and reach the surface undiluted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-lava-compositions-across-the-cir-a-2or7exzy.png Figure 2. Distribution of lava compositions across the CIR. (a) Synthetic geological cross‐axis profile constructed after dive observations with solid circles indicating sample positions. (b) Crustal ages obtained from the magnetization profile by comparison of the magnetic microanomalies with the relative paleointensity curve SINT 800 for the Brunhes period [Guyodo and Valet, 1999; Suganuma et al., 2008]. Repetitions and lacks of crust portions (dashed areas) from 370 to 430 kyr and 600 to 700 kyr reflect ridge jumps. (c and d) [La/Sm]N and 87Sr/86Sr fluctuations versus distance to the ridge axis. Additional isotope data measured on samples from the same dives by Nauret et al. [2006] are used to fill the gap of our isotope data set. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of two samples for which we duplicated leaching, elution, and isotope analysis are plotted. The standard deviation is 2s. https://scispace.com/papers/time-scale-analysis-of-receptor-enzyme-activity-irreversible-1up03do11n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plotted-as-a-function-of-and-values-between-10-and-0-2vqi4zro.png Fig. 2. ( ⁄ ) plotted as a function of ( ) and ( ). Values between -10 and 0 are colour-coded. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plotted-as-a-function-of-and-a-b-both-axes-are-in-ej8rgtqp.png Fig. 5. {| ( ) [ ( )]⁄ |} plotted as a function of and . (a) (b) . Both axes are in log10 scale. Values between -15 and 10 are colour-coded. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dose-response-curves-predicted-for-different-26c8q0fd.png Fig. 6. Dose response curves predicted for different incubation time. (a) Full model is simulated, assuming Incubation times (10-3, 100, 103, 106) are in . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dose-response-curves-predicted-for-different-18tqvd1b.png Fig. 1. Dose response curves predicted for different incubation time, when and . Incubation times shown in the figure legend (10 -3, 100, 103, 106) are in . (a) Full model (7) and (8) simulated at 610d https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-plotted-as-a-function-of-and-a-b-both-axes-are-in-1l2nennw.png Fig. 4. ( ⁄ ) plotted as a function of and . (a) (b) . Both axes are in log10 scale. Values between -10 and 0 are colour-coded. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dose-response-curves-predicted-for-different-h2o0uwbx.png Fig. 3. Dose response curves predicted for different incubation times. Incubation times shown in the figure legend (10-3, 100, 103, 106) are in , . https://scispace.com/papers/time-scaling-control-for-an-underactuated-biped-robot-3ca5wel4zi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-evolution-of-during-15-steps-14dv2qey.png Fig. 6. Evolution of during 15 steps https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-typical-evolution-of-the-velocity-difference-for-one-gvtp2zr9.png Fig. 4. Typical evolution of the velocity difference for one step https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-angular-momentum-for-one-step-of-the-optimal-1s55pyvq.png Fig. 3. Angular momentum for one step of the optimal trajectory https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-steps-of-an-optimal-motion-nxp366d8.png Fig. 2. Two steps of an optimal motion https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-phase-plane-evolution-of-the-torso-orientation-during-1ojw5toy.png Fig. 5. Phase plane evolution of the torso orientation during 15 steps https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-studied-biped-15a472qj.png Fig. 1. The studied biped https://scispace.com/papers/time-sensitive-influence-maximization-in-social-networks-la63nk1ll6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-propagation-value-of-different-algorithms-under-dic-3lgfs52i.png Figure 1. Propagation value of different algorithms under DIC model on four dataset (a) Twitter; (b) WikiVote; (c) HEP-PH; (d) Epinions, with freshness function 0.2( ) tff t e . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-propagation-value-of-different-algorithms-under-dlt-3h9c4rsn.png Figure 2. Propagation value of different algorithms under DLT model on four dataset (a) Twitter; (b) WikiVote; (c) HEP-PH; (d) Epinions, with freshness function 0.2( ) tff t e . https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-overlaps-of-seed-sets-returned-by-tsgreedy-dic-2r6oudyd.png Table 3. The overlaps of seed sets returned by TSGreedy(DIC) with different freshness function when k=50. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-of-real-world-social-networks-2p6a8hjz.png Table 1. Statistics of real-world social networks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-running-times-of-proposed-methods-on-four-real-iu1mo8oa.png Table 2. Running times of proposed methods on four real social networks in second (k=50, 0.2 ( ) t ff t e https://scispace.com/papers/time-series-thresholding-and-the-definition-of-avalanche-1ih2jyt6eg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-avalanche-sizes-for-a-stochastic-577lbois.png FIG. 4. Distribution of avalanche sizes for a stochastic (OrnsteinUhlenbeck) process employing for the measure of avalanche sizes. (a) Avalanche-size distribution for the case θ = 1 (with a = 0 and σ = 1 in this case): Observe that the true exponent value τ = 4/3 is asymptotically recovered for large avalanche sizes. (b) Distribution of avalanche sizes for different values of the threshold parameter, θ . The associated exponent changes continuously between the two limiting exponents 3/2 (for large thresholds) and 4/3 for sufficiently small ones (parameter values: a = 0.1, σ = 0.5; thresholds as marked in the legend). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-statistics-of-avalanches-of-activity-in-a-stochastic-2thhixpb.png FIG. 3. Statistics of avalanches of activity in a stochastic process (Ornstein-Uhlenbeck with a = 0.1) employing as a measure of the avalanche size. Observe that both (a) avalanche-size and (b) avalanche-duration distributions obey scaling with the same exponent value for many orders of magnitude (a base-10 logarithmic scale is used for both axes in all three plots). However, the exponent values τ = α = 3/2 and, consequently, as depicted in panel (c), γ = 1.0 [satisfying the important scaling relation γ = (α − 1)/(τ − 1)] do not coincide with the expectations for an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sketch-of-a-nonsymmetric-stochastic-process-for-a-1bipyo80.png FIG. 2. Sketch of a nonsymmetric stochastic process for a positive definite variable (describing, e.g., density of neural activity). θ (red dashed line) signals the arbitrarily fixed threshold employed to define avalanches. For the large avalanche in the center of the graph, S is the avalanche size using criterion A (area above threshold, colored in orange) and T is its duration. On the other hand, using criterion B, = S + s∗ (where s∗ is the area of the rectangle between zero and the threshold, colored in blueish color, with s∗ ∝ T ) is an often-used alternative definition of avalanche size. As discussed in the text this definition may induce misleading interpretations of the resulting exponents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-how-avalanche-duration-t-and-size-s-3lstadel.png FIG. 1. Illustration of how avalanche duration T and size S are defined for an unbiased RW. (a) Illustration of a particular time series, in which two avalanches of durations T1 and T2 and sizes S1 and S2, respectively, are emphasized. The threshold is set to 0 in this case (red dashed line). Lower panels show the probability distributions of (b) sizes, (c) durations, and (d) average size for a fixed given duration (straight lines correspond to the well-known analytical predictions, and symbols stand for computational results). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-the-avalanche-mean-field-exponents-size-t-255r457s.png TABLE I. Summary of the avalanche (mean-field) exponents: Size (τ ), duration (α), and averaged avalanche size (γ ) for the (unbiased) branching process (BP) and the (unbiased) random walk (RW); see, e.g., Ref. [47]. https://scispace.com/papers/time-since-onset-of-walking-predicts-tibial-bone-strength-in-octwsb4g10 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effects-of-chosen-threshold-on-bone-analysis-left-5iqfphon.png Figure 1. Effects of chosen threshold on bone analysis. Left panels shows original image (top image is a baseline image, bottom image is a follow-up image). Right panels alongside top image show (in descending order) the area excluded from analysis (in black) using thresholds of 80, 180 and 280 mg.cm-3 respectively. Right panels alongside bottom image show (in descending order) the area excluded from analysis (in grey) using thresholds of 180, 400 and 650 mg.cm-3 respectively . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relationships-between-time-since-onset-of-walking-2jxr27yh.png Figure 2. Relationships between time since onset of walking at follow-up (TWalk) and unadjusted values of total bone mineral content(vBMC.tot), cortical bone CSA (Ar.ct) and polar moment of inertia (IpCort) at follow-up. All regressions significant at P < 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-standardised-regression-co-efficients-src-partial-c7qb2tw5.png Table 3. Standardised regression co-efficients (SRC), partial Eta-squared (η2p) and P-values for predictive models of bone strength at follow-up using other follow-up characteristics. Primary analysis was completed using a peeling threshold of 180mg.mm-3 – cortical analysis was completed using a threshold of 400mg.mm-3 as described in the ‘Data processing and statistical analyses‘ section of Materials and Methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-standardised-regression-coefficients-src-partial-eta-x0vhsyfh.png Table 2. Standardised regression coefficients (SRC), partial Eta-squared (η2p) and P-values for predictive models of bone strength at follow-up and baseline characteristics. Factor gender considers male traits with respect to female traits i.e. positive co-efficients indicate greater values in males and vice versa. Primary analysis was completed using a peeling threshold of 180mg.mm-3 – cortical analysis was completed using a threshold of 400mg.mm-3 as described in the ‘Data processing and statistical analyses‘ section of Materials and Methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cohort-characteristics-at-baseline-and-follow-up-as-1ob64pp0.png Table 1. Cohort characteristics at baseline and follow-up as mean (SD), separated by gender. Asterisks indicate significant gender difference: *P – 0.05, ** - P < 0.01, *** - P < 0.001. Gender effects on bone and muscle variables were examined with multiple linear regression, for all other variables independent T-tests were used. Primary analysis was completed using a peeling threshold of 180mg.mm-3 – cortical analysis was completed using a threshold of 400mg.mm-3 as described in the ‘Data processing and statistical analyses‘ section of Materials and Methods. aData obtained in a subset of 12 males and 13 females. bData obtained in a subset of 16 males and 12 females.’ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-representation-of-a-long-bone-38jb2vhj.png Figure 3. Schematic representation of a) long bone longitudinal growth and b) https://scispace.com/papers/time-slot-management-in-attended-home-delivery-1ri4mtygsr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-schedule-comparison-afternoon-lycbn9x0.png Table 3 Schedule Comparison—Afternoon https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-time-slot-template-changes-morning-ii9hxgry.png Table 10 Time Slot Template Changes—Morning https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-service-level-adjustments-afternoon-1v789awm.png Table 9 Service Level Adjustments—Afternoon https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-schedule-comparison-morning-3vr0gala.png Table 2 Schedule Comparison—Morning https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-time-slot-template-changes-afternoon-3u3vw7sj.png Table 11 Time Slot Template Changes—Afternoon https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-vehicle-capacity-change-afternoon-1hwi1g8a.png Table 7 Vehicle Capacity Change—Afternoon https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-service-level-adjustments-morning-2395szrg.png Table 8 Service Level Adjustments—Morning https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notation-1bkt2fw0.png Table 1 Notation https://scispace.com/papers/time-slotted-lora-networks-design-considerations-1hc46d4313 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-transmission-power-tp-and-duty-cycle-regulations-per-2vpnvm1c.png TABLE I TRANSMISSION POWER (TP) AND DUTY CYCLE REGULATIONS PER SUB-BAND FOR THE EU868 BAND [4]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-summary-of-challenges-in-current-tsl-voy854op.png TABLE III SUMMARY OF CHALLENGES IN CURRENT TSL IMPLEMENTATIONS https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-features-of-current-tsl-implementations-3gvy3g2y.png TABLE II FEATURES OF CURRENT TSL IMPLEMENTATIONS https://scispace.com/papers/time-slotted-channel-hopping-for-smart-metering-measurements-3tkm6hfeqd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-correlation-between-path-delay-and-path-reliability-2z439vev.png Fig. 11. Correlation between path delay and path reliability for dedicated slots (above), shared slots (below). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-delay-distribution-for-different-scenarios-numeration-2pw9mrkd.png Fig. 8. Delay distribution for different scenarios (numeration according to Table II). For readability, no outliers are shown, however, they are considered while calculating mean values (red squares). Left four scenarios are for dedicated slots, right four - shared slots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-plot-illustrates-loss-and-buffer-induced-delay-15wes0sl.png Fig. 10. The plot illustrates loss- and buffer-induced delay (subscripts l and b respectively). Note that since the first hop delay in calculated in average for dmin and dretx, resulting buffering delay can be negative. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-visual-representation-of-data-collected-for-every-1g2xvdox.png Fig. 2. Visual representation of data collected for every packet. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-summary-of-the-data-sets-parameters-kobp8eql.png TABLE II SUMMARY OF THE DATA SETS PARAMETERS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-average-hop-delay-distribution-for-periodic-labeled-as-1zlot42k.png Fig. 9. Average hop delay distribution for periodic (labeled as P) and bursty (B) application: dedicated slots (above) and shared slots (below), see Table II. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-superframe-structure-of-802-15-4e-tsch-a-generalized-b-auqdx4ad.png Fig. 1. Superframe structure of 802.15.4e TSCH: (a) generalized, (b) our setup - one superframe: frame length 17slots×15ms= 255ms. In (b), a superframe additionally contains M slots for delivering data from the nodes to a PC via serial interface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-ratio-of-packets-y-axis-arriving-within-a-given-555b9xc3.png Fig. 12. Ratio of packets (y axis) arriving within a given deadline (x axis). https://scispace.com/papers/time-space-space-time-elements-for-unsteady-advection-47inleq1jb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-convergence-diagrams-in-l-0-t-l1-1lrea4kj.png Fig. 2. Convergence Diagrams in L∞([0, T ];L1(Ω)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-approximate-solutions-with-h-80-and-cfl-1-3-at-time-t-3l14uxme.png Fig. 1. Approximate solutions with h = 80 and CFL = 1/3, at time t = 0.15. https://scispace.com/papers/time-to-invest-in-prevention-and-better-care-of-behaviors-53b9fthu98 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-intervention-studies-that-have-costed-individual-1v8iugul.png Table 2: Intervention studies that have costed individual BPSD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-studies-that-have-costed-individual-bpsd-in-18wcekzt.png Table 1: Studies that have costed individual BPSD in different parts or the world. https://scispace.com/papers/time-to-revise-classification-of-phyllodes-tumors-of-breast-1hp62lppan 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-preoperative-characteristics-of-patients-btcj4qfi.png Table 1. Preoperative characteristics of patients https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-univariate-analysis-of-prognostic-factors-of-5njswjzb.png Table 3. Univariate analysis of prognostic factors of recurrence-free survival for all phyllodes tumors https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-univariate-analysis-of-prognostic-factors-of-1gcd7qx6.png Table 4. Univariate analysis of prognostic factors of recurrence-free-survival for grade 1 phyllodes tumors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-description-of-recurrences-according-phyllode-tumor-10a6f448.png Figure 1. Description of recurrences according phyllode tumor grade. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-surgical-and-pathological-characteristics-of-ty9fnie8.png Table 2. Surgical and pathological characteristics of patients https://scispace.com/papers/time-varying-fiscal-multipliers-in-germany-30qujgvb1y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-government-spending-growth-and-forecast-time-series-1acri63d.png Figure 2: Government Spending Growth and Forecast - Time Series. Notes: Shows actual government spending growth (thin line) together with forecasted government spending growth (thick line). x-axis: year; y-axis: percent. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-determinants-of-the-multipliers-robustness-yurgjy44.png Table 2: Determinants of the Multipliers - Robustness https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-government-spending-growth-and-forecast-scatterplot-32mtkx74.png Figure 3: Government Spending Growth and Forecast - Scatterplot. Notes: Plots actual government spending growth against forecasted government spending growth together with a regression line obtained by regressing the former on the latter and a constant. x and y-axis: percent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-impulse-responses-to-government-spending-shocks-1j9in5tq.png Figure 7: Impulse Responses to Government Spending Shocks - Baseline. Notes: Shows the posterior median. The size of the shocks is 1 percent. x-axis: horizon; y-axis: year; z-axis: percent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-standard-deviation-of-government-spending-shocks-12zwbnrn.png Figure 6: Standard Deviation of Government Spending Shocks. Notes: Shows the posterior median (solid line) together with a 68 percent error band (dashed line). x-axis: year; y-axis: percent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-impulse-responses-to-government-spending-shocks-3i6jxtbp.png Figure 11: Impulse Responses to Government Spending Shocks - Extensions. Notes: Shows the posterior median. The size of the shocks is 1 percent. x-axis: horizon; y-axis: year; z-axis: percent/percentage points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-fiscal-policy-multipliers-after-10-years-notes-2xqan8g2.png Figure 10: Fiscal Policy Multipliers after 10 Years. Notes: Shows the posterior median (solid line) together with a 68 percent error band (dashed line). x-axis: year; y-axis: euro. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-uncertainty-measures-with-recession-dates-notes-1k0khive.png Figure 12: Uncertainty Measures with Recession Dates. Notes: Shows the Ifo Business Uncertainty (thin line) and the IfW Financial Market Stress Index (thick line) together with recession dates from the German Council of Economic Experts (shaded area). Both uncertainty measures are rescaled to have zero mean and unit variance. x-axis: year; y-axis: standard deviation. https://scispace.com/papers/time-varying-correlations-in-oil-gas-and-co2-prices-an-210srriu5h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-215x279mm-600-x-600-dpi-fanuokeh.png Figure 6 215x279mm (600 x 600 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-215x279mm-600-x-600-dpi-1i99kw85.png Figure 2 215x279mm (600 x 600 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-bekk-11-mgarch-estimates-for-oil-gas-and-co2-iagl0ii7.png Table 5: BEKK(1,1) MGARCH Estimates for Oil, Gas and CO2 Variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-215x279mm-600-x-600-dpi-1dov3cux.png Figure 3 215x279mm (600 x 600 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-215x279mm-600-x-600-dpi-214vf3q5.png Figure 4 215x279mm (600 x 600 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-dcc-11-mgarch-estimates-for-oil-gas-and-co2-3t5gvz3x.png Table 7: DCC(1,1) MGARCH Estimates for Oil, Gas and CO2 Variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-215x279mm-600-x-600-dpi-bhx9eu0j.png Figure 5 215x279mm (600 x 600 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-ccc-11-mgarch-estimates-for-oil-gas-and-co2-1gb3kk6z.png Table 6: CCC(1,1) MGARCH Estimates for Oil, Gas and CO2 Variables https://scispace.com/papers/time-triggered-fieldbus-networks-state-of-the-art-and-future-8xhxgzocob 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fault-tolerant-actuating-using-triple-modular-2ujz8r2s.png Figure 4. Fault-tolerant actuating using triple modular redundancy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-lifetime-improvement-as-a-function-of-the-208axxho.png Figure 3. The lifetime improvement as a function of the period time. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-feature-comparison-of-time-triggered-buses-2lcro3mx.png Table 1. Feature comparison of time-triggered buses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-triggered-scheme-for-communication-and-30i2qfc3.png Figure 1. Time-triggered scheme for communication and computation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ttp-a-communication-round-d8mz3zkh.png Figure 2. TTP/A communication round https://scispace.com/papers/timed-broadcast-via-off-the-shelf-wlan-distributed-1rs5cd6wye 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-rgcp-and-trc-1v68g3gm.png Table I COMPARISON OF RGCP AND TRC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-experimental-and-model-results-of-the-1vajtutv.png Figure 5. Comparison of experimental and model results of the broadcast request to completion delay. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-broadcast-delays-with-lower-figures-8hb8x5ni.png Figure 4. Comparison of broadcast delays with (lower figures) and without (upper figures) cross-traffic. The gray color shows the time until broadcast reception at the MT, while the dark color shows the time until all Acks have been received by the AP. The right part shows a zoom into the left curves. The curves show a step function with width of the steps equal to the slot-time of 50ms, as the reception events are evaluated at the end of each slot. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-experimental-results-2smr6uuk.png Table III EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transmission-time-distributions-for-successful-poll-33vfykla.png Figure 3. Transmission time distributions for successful poll and request message pairs in a 50 millisecond slot (joint over both nodes). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-setup-used-for-performance-2pc7dp8m.png Figure 2. Experimental setup used for performance measurements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-communication-architecture-of-the-alert-system-for-1f0zjfjv.png Figure 1. Communication architecture of the alert system for railway workers: workers are equipped with a Mobile Terminal (MT). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-probability-to-success-estimators-of-the-12-hour-2tle68jo.png Figure 6. Probability to success estimators of the 12 hour runs with 95% confidence intervals, for cross-traffic scenario. https://scispace.com/papers/time-trends-in-the-incidence-of-oesophageal-cancer-in-asia-57cfarx9fd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-age-standardised-incidence-rates-of-oesophageal-cancer-30arxw2f.png Fig. 1. Age-standardised incidence rates of oesophageal cancer by sex in selected Asian populations in 1988-2007 using the WHO World Standard Population 2000 as reference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-overall-annual-percentage-changes-net-drifts-and-3owngqkq.png Fig. 2. The overall annual percentage changes (net drifts) and their 95% confidence intervals in the incidence of oesophageal cancer by sex and histological type in selected Asian populations in 1988-2007. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-crude-and-age-standardised-incidence-rates-asrs-with-9tx3iee8.png Table 1 Crude and age-standardised incidence rates (ASRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of oesophageal cancer per 100 000 person-years in selected Asian countries and calendar periods during 1988-2007 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-age-standardised-incidence-rates-asrs-of-oesophageal-1s0b6vep.png Fig. 3. Age-standardised incidence rates (ASRs) of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and adenocarcinoma (OAC) by sex in selected Asian populations in 1988-2007 using the WHO World Standard Population 2000 as reference. https://scispace.com/papers/time-varying-systemic-risk-evidence-from-a-dynamic-copula-26izrm0vyx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-left-panel-shows-the-joint-probability-of-2uosbpak.png Figure 4: The left panel shows the joint probability of distress (JPD) in a solid line and the average individual probability of distress (Avg IPD) in a dashed line. The right panel shows the scaled joint probability of distress (SJPD). Both panels cover the period January 2006 to April 2012. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-this-gure-shows-the-expected-proportion-in-percent-1olprcxm.png Figure 5: This gure shows the expected proportion (in percent) of rms in distress, given rm i in distress, averaged across all 100 rms. The cross-sectional 10% and 90% quantiles are also reported. The sample period is January 2006 to April 2012. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-model-comparison-results-3cph6a1m.png Table 5: Model comparison results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulation-results-continued-3pz1mv8g.png Table 1: Simulation results (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulation-results-2kvza05s.png Table 1: Simulation results (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-for-daily-cds-spreads-and-log-di-1jspcbvp.png Table 2: Summary statistics for daily CDS spreads and log-di¤erences of daily CDS spreads https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summarizes-the-results-of-estimating-the-above-2js35u5w.png Table 3: Marginal distribution parameter estimates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-upper-panel-plots-the-mean-and-10-25-75-and-90-2ipxu6yc.png Figure 1: The upper panel plots the mean and 10%, 25%, 75% and 90% quantiles across the CDS spreads for 100 U.S. rms over the period January 2006 to April 2012. The lower panel reports the average (across rms) percent change in CDS spreads for the same time period. https://scispace.com/papers/timed-diagnosability-analysis-based-on-chronicles-1eveh43174 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-evt-a-t-occurs-m-n-b-0-t-3dcto6n0.png Fig. 1. evt(a, t) ∧ occurs((m,n),b, [0, t[) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-class-graph-and-the-marking-of-some-classes-h8aoc6rq.png Fig. 5. The Class Graph and the Marking of Some Classes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-product-of-the-previous-ltpnprs-2b6ytw33.png Fig. 4. Product of the Previous LTPNPrs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-translation-of-the-chronicles-301yda1o.png Fig. 3. Translation of the Chronicles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-model-of-the-system-1i8au7kn.png Fig. 2. The Model of the System https://scispace.com/papers/timed-moore-automata-test-data-generation-and-model-checking-4zyoiqn6xn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-function-applylocation-modifies-valuations-of-a-1eduk95o.png Figure 5. Function applyLocation modifies valuations of a given state σ according to entry actions associated with its location. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-performance-results-2md7bdis.png Table I PERFORMANCE RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-timed-moore-automaton-with-varin-a-b-c-varout-x-y-z-1md9gq9p.png Figure 1. Timed Moore automaton with VARin = {a, b, c},VARout = {X,Y, Z},VARta = {T},VARts = {t}. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-function-generatetestdata-constructs-input-and-1oybyokv.png Figure 6. Function generateTestData constructs input and output sequences for a given trace. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-function-nextstep-partitions-a-test-trace-into-test-1oi9f5c2.png Figure 8. Function nextStep partitions a test trace into test steps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-procedure-interpret-performs-concrete-2fi8bibf.png Figure 7. Procedure interpret performs concrete interpretation starting from a given system state σ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-function-cantransition-determines-whether-a-state-s-xu66ig1q.png Figure 4. Function canTransition determines whether a state σ can transition to another location. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-function-calcstable-reassigns-stable-valuations-for-2x53ihfk.png Figure 3. Function calcStable reassigns stable valuations for a given set of system states. https://scispace.com/papers/timeliness-evaluation-of-intermittent-mobile-connectivity-2a6sog4kj8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-literature-survey-on-queuing-theory-and-middleware-3nvg1mx0.png Table 4: Literature survey on queuing theory and middleware design for mobile applications. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-queueing-network-for-a-broker-node-chnmttxq.png Figure 4: Queueing Network for a broker node. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-vs-measured-response-times-1aimq0yl.png Table 3: Estimated vs Measured Response Times. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-on-off-queueing-center-19epccuo.png Figure 5: ON/OFF queueing center. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-response-time-while-traveling-in-metro-path-2y3t5xr9.png Figure 12: Response Time while traveling in metro path: Dugommier - Cité Universitaire. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-peers-connectivity-behaviour-2bwak746.png Figure 1: Peer’s connectivity behaviour. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-network-of-brokers-in-a-distributive-pub-sub-system-1yv2ksrf.png Figure 2: Network of brokers in a distributive pub/sub system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-end-to-end-queueing-network-from-p4-to-s1-3jtgrob2.png Figure 6: End-to-end queueing network from p4 to s1. https://scispace.com/papers/timedeln-a-programme-for-the-detection-and-parametrization-8kay6drnpf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-delay-output-for-the-pyrimidine-test-run-for-2x41t758.png Figure 4: Time-delay output for the pyrimidine test run for the first energy subgrid, as described in the text. The top graph shows the first three calculated eigenvalues, the middle graph shows the first three ‘mixed’ eigenvalues after the routine EIGSORT and the bottom graph shows the slightly modifiedvalues following DISCONRM. Note that in EIGSORT the first 5 time-delay eigenvalues are sorted to produce the ‘mixed’ values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-physics-code-call-structure-for-routine-n38amofr.png Figure 3: The ‘physics code’ call structure for routine PTIMEDEL. Dashed line boxes represent routines outside module timedelmodule. The calls to module serial parallel are omitted for space and clarity, and are described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-module-structure-of-timedel-details-of-the-2hzkqmvd.png Figure 2: The module structure of TIMEDEL. Details of the parallel modules are given in the program user’s manual. Links to minor modules and routines (such as module precisn and module serialp rallel routine STOPRUN) are omitted for space and clarity. Dashed line boxes represent external routines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-of-fitting-overlapping-resonances-u8scx0xv.png Figure 1: An example of fitting overlapping resonances usingmultiple eigenvalues. The original version of TIMEDEL only fitted the longest eigenvalue (dashed line) of the time-delay matrix, this eigenvalue is plotted against energy in panel (a). If the second (solid line) and third (dashed-dot line) longest eigenvalues are included, as shown in panel (b), it becomes clear that a significa t amount information is being ignored if only the longest eigenvalue is fitted. That is, the green and magenta resonances shown in panel (c) would have been badly fitte or missed entirely. This example is taken from a calculation on electron - N+2 collisions [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-delay-output-for-the-pyrimidine-test-run-for-13dl7hr8.png Figure 5: Time-delay output for the pyrimidine test run for the energy sub-grid containng resonances, as described in the text. The top graph shows the first three calulated eigenvalues, the middle graph shows the first three ‘mixed’ eigenvalues after the routine EIGSORT, with the resonances separated, and the bottom graph shows the values following DISCONRM. Note that in EIGSORT, thefirst 5 timedelay eigenvalues are sorted to produce the ‘mixed’ values. https://scispace.com/papers/timeslot-weighted-fair-scheduling-in-epfts-1nkybisv5h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-scheduling-algorithm-complexity-biao-2-bs7v0qk1.png Table 2 Comparison of scheduling algorithm complexity 表 2 调度算法时空复杂度比较 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-of-iteration-count-in-twfs-biao-1-3d9f8n3p.png Table 1 Statistics of iteration count in TWFS 表 1 TWFS调度算法迭代次数统计 https://scispace.com/papers/timing-an-accreting-millisecond-pulsar-measuring-the-290rhxvn4z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-orbital-and-spin-parameters-of-igr-j00291-5934-2j02ph0l.png TABLE 1 Orbital and Spin Parameters of IGR J00291+5934 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pulse-phases-computed-by-folding-at-the-spin-period-g46lq2gx.png Fig. 1.—Pulse phases computed by folding at the spin period reported in Table 1 and plotted vs. time together with the best-fit curves (top) and residuals in units of with respect to the model with ¼ 2/7 (bottom). https://scispace.com/papers/timing-of-blooms-algal-food-quality-and-calanus-glacialis-f0giitdyox 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relative-copepodite-a-and-nauplii-b-composition-of-nxq8ta7s.png Fig. 4 Relative copepodite (a) and nauplii (b) composition of Calanus glacialis from March to October 2007 in Rijpfjorden (CAF; adult females). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-total-lipids-and-polyunsaturated-fatty-acids-pufas-in-24ylehyj.png Fig. 5 Total lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in surface dwelling (0–50 m) Calanus glacialis females (mean SD) from March to June 2007 in Rijpfjorden. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-seasonal-abundances-of-eggs-nauplii-and-copepodites-of-1d9jq8jq.png Fig. 3 Seasonal abundances of eggs, nauplii and copepodites of Calanus glacialis in Rijpfjorden 2007. Eggs collected with mesh size 63 mm (hatched line from April to June since data from May is missing), whereas nauplii and copepodites were collected with mesh size 200mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-total-lipid-content-mean-sd-in-calanus-glacialis-29tb8u5n.png Fig. 6 Total lipid content (mean SD) in Calanus glacialis copepodite stage IV (CIV, a) and stage V (CV, b) in the upper 50 m (surface) and in the deep (100–140 m) from March to October 2007 in Rijpfjorden. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-current-primary-production-regime-in-arctic-shelf-seas-182r10j4.png Fig. 7 Current primary production regime in Arctic shelf seas (a) with highest food quality [highest poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content] during the ice algal and phytoplankton blooms. Calanus glacialis efficiently uses the high-quality ice algal food in early spring to fuel reproduction, which allows the offspring (nauplii and copepodites) to fully exploit the high food quality in the later occurring phytoplankton bloom. This perfect primary producer–grazer match ensures high population biomass of C. glacialis. Future primary production regime (b) with shorter growth season for ice algae due to earlier ice break up, will lead to shorter time between the two PUFA-peaks associated with the ice algal and phytoplankton blooms. This decrease may lead to a mismatch between primary producers and the ontogenetic development of the offspring. Because C. glacialis requires roughly 3 weeks to develop to first feeding nauplii stage (NIII) after spawning, it may partially or totally miss the high-quality phytoplankton bloom during its most critical growth phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-temperature-profile-measured-from-september-2006-286j5gvs.png Fig. 1 The temperature profile measured from September 2006 to September 2007 in Rijpfjorden by a mooring equipped with temperature loggers spaced through the water column. Timing of sea ice and ice algae are indicated by drawings at the plot, whereas phytoplankton are chlorophyll a (Chl a) measurements from a fluorometer placed at the mooring at 17 m depth. Peak biomass of ice algae occurred from mid-April to approx. mid-June. The phytoplankton chlorophyll a values are only approximate values due to lack of suitable water samples for proper calibration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-relative-polyunsaturated-fatty-acids-pufa-content-2afvjprc.png Fig. 2 The relative polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content (as percentage of total fatty acids; mean SD) in algae and females, copepodite stage V (CV) and stage IV (CIV) of Calanus glacialis from March to October 2007 in Rijpfjorden. Only ice algae were present from April to June, whereas from July to October only phytoplankton was available for grazers. Hatched lines were drawn when data between monthly points were missing. For algae average values per month are shown, based upon three to five independent station measurements for ice algae (with three replicate ice cores each), and two to four stations with six sampling depths for phytoplankton. For C. glacialis average values based upon three to nine samples of 10–30 individuals per sample are shown per month. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-integrated-0-50-m-total-carbon-c-and-chlorophyll-a-2xemzw2o.png Table 1 Integrated (0–50 m) total carbon (C) and chlorophyll a (Chl a) biomass, and relative amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of total lipids and the relative amount of omega-3 fatty acids of total PUFAs (mean SD; nd, not determined) in ice- and pelagic-particulate organic matter (POM) in Rijpfjorden 2007 https://scispace.com/papers/timing-of-29-pulsars-discovered-in-the-palfa-survey-33bpmpeeb5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-see-the-caption-for-figure-1-1nelptfv.png Figure 2. See the caption for Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-residual-pulse-arrival-times-of-all-pulsars-in-this-2gtrgp45.png Figure 1. Residual pulse arrival times of all pulsars in this paper are given in Figures 1 and 2 to indicate the levels of timing noise. For each pulsar, the residual plot was made by performing a timing fit for just spin-period and spin-down rate, with the best-fit positions given in Table 1 and any binary or glitch parameters given in Tables 3 or 5 held fixed. The root-mean-square of the residuals is given beneath each pulsar name. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pulse-profiles-from-psrsj1851-0233-j1859-0603-j1900-byvo3e4b.png Figure 5. Pulse profiles from PSRsJ1851+0233, J1859+0603, J1900+0438, and J1901+0459 exhibiting broadening due to scattering in the interstellar medium. In each frame, the upper and lower profiles are centered on 1450MHz and 1650MHz, respectively. The smooth curves are the best-fit model, see the text for details, to the displayed profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parameters-of-the-glitches-of-psrsj0611-1436-and-354fkk6c.png Table 5 Parameters of the Glitches of PSRsJ0611+1436 and J1907+0631a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-same-pulse-profiles-as-presented-in-figure-3-2ba6elff.png Figure 4. The same pulse profiles as presented in Figure 3 but now expanded to show the 20% of the profile around the main peak. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-large-glitches-in-psrj0611-1436-and-psr1907-2t51bx6l.png Figure 8. The large glitches in PSRJ0611+1436 and PSR1907+0631. Top: the evolution of the rotation frequency ν. Bottom: the evolution of the frequency derivative ṅ . Note that in PSRJ0611+1436, the glitch reverses approximately 12 years of normal spin down, compared with 17 days in PSR1907+0631. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-wide-orbit-binary-pulsars-8xoun65c.png Table 4 Wide-Orbit Binary Pulsars https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-anomalous-eccentricities-of-psrsj1932-1500-and-2yj3hww0.png Figure 7. The anomalous eccentricities of PSRsJ1932+1500 and PSR1822 −0848, compared with those of other long-period, mildly recycled pulsars and the predictions of Phinney (1992). This diagram includes all known Galactic binary pulsars with orbital period greater than 50 days and minimum companion mass less than 0.5Me (Table 4). The central curve represents the median eccentricity predicted by the convective fluctuation-dissipation theory of Phinney (1992). The adjacent pairs of lines are predicted to contain 68% and 95% of the resultant eccentricities. Excluding PSRsJ1932+1500 and PSR1822−0848, the observed occupancies of the two ranges are 56% and 85% respectively and are reasonably consistent with the theory. https://scispace.com/papers/timing-of-childbirth-capital-accumulation-and-economic-3nq8kc83x4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fluctuations-in-cohort-size-nt-over-generations-3jqibk6l.png Figure 1: Fluctuations in Cohort Size Nt over Generations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-demographic-and-equilibrium-dynamics-under-33opuh5t.png Figure 7: Demographic and Equilibrium Dynamics under Declining Population (n = 0.8) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-pattern-of-cycles-with-technological-progress-g-1-1ty3t110.png Figure 10: Pattern of Cycles with Technological Progress (γ = 1.49, δ = 0.33) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dynamics-of-labor-force-lt-loy7y0d3.png Figure 2: Dynamics of Labor Force Lt https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-equilibrium-dynamics-with-technological-progress-g-mzjfi0b2.png Figure 9: Equilibrium Dynamics with Technological Progress (γ = 1.49, β = 0.45, δ = 0.33) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pattern-of-cycles-in-kt-11b6ht6j.png Figure 5: Pattern of Cycles in kt https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evolution-of-demographic-structure-when-l-1-numbers-lyhfc0d3.png Table 1: Evolution of Demographic Structure when λ = 1. Numbers in italic indicate the cohorts in the labor force https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-limit-cycles-in-kt-with-alternating-aggregate-gpnyaqhe.png Figure 3: Limit Cycles in kt with Alternating Aggregate Saving Rate vt https://scispace.com/papers/tina-service-validation-the-ernestina-project-176usrev4p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-framework-m1kewnlj.png Figure 1: The Framework https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-validation-process-1iw9wdxz.png Figure 2: Validation process https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-noti-cations-1g6jmrmb.png Table 1: Parameters of the Noti cations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-screen-dump-of-the-prototype-m90jbonm.png Figure 3: screen dump of the prototype https://scispace.com/papers/timokinon-nigella-sativa-nin-biyoaktif-komponenti-2ohqqmbs89 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-chemical-structure-of-tq-pari-ve-sankaranarayanan-d0ddql3z.png Figure 3. Chemical structure of TQ (Pari ve Sankaranarayanan 2009) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nigella-sativa-l-seed-anonim-2012b-31e24qam.png Figure 2. Nigella Sativa L. seed (Anonim 2012b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nigella-sativa-l-anonim-2012a-1qg4q9jy.png Figure 1. Nigella Sativa L. (Anonim 2012a) https://scispace.com/papers/tip-triggered-thermal-cascade-manipulation-of-magic-number-57phrkmr56 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-manipulation-experiment-a-the-tip-390y5ge6.png Figure 1. Schematic of the manipulation experiment. (a) The tip is located directly above a preselected molecule (green colored C60) at the edge of a cluster. It then moves toward the molecule by 1.2 nm. This is sufficient to detach the molecule from the cluster. A clean W tip is illustrated in the diagram, although in reality the tip is likely to be coated with Au atoms. (b) As the tip withdraws, the displaced molecule either diffuses away or becomes attached to the tip. Green colored spheres represent first-layer Au atoms that are in direct contact with C60 molecules. (c) The remaining atoms and molecules within the broken cluster reorganize to form a new magic number cluster by releasing excess C60 molecules and Au atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tip-triggered-cascade-cluster-transformation-a-c-lj3un26m.png Figure 2. Tip-triggered cascade cluster transformation. (a−c) Transformation from (C60)12−(Au)49 to (C60)10−(Au)35. (d−f) Transformation from (C60)10−(Au)35 to (C60)7−(Au)19. Green dots in (b) and (e) indicate the locations where the tip is driven toward the C60 molecule. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tip-triggered-rotation-of-a-cluster-a-c-stm-images-1au8htoi.png Figure 4. Tip-triggered rotation of a cluster. (a−c) STM images showing the flipping of a (C60)12−(Au)49 cluster triggered by the STM tip. Green dot in (b) indicates where the trigger is applied. The molecule targeted by the tip has not been removed. The cluster collectively changes its orientation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-flipping-of-a-c60-10-au-35-cluster-at-rt-without-1k2ckyvj.png Figure 5. Flipping of a (C60)10−(Au)35 cluster at RT without the application of an STM trigger. Image in (b) is taken 50 min after the image in (a). (c,d) The same images of (a) and (b), respectively, shown with enhanced contrast so that the locations of the clusters relative to the elbows of the herringbone reconstruction become visible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-calculated-configurations-and-relative-energies-for-cqbafpd7.png Figure 6. Calculated configurations and relative energies for disrupting a magic number (C60)12−(Au)49 cluster. (a) Top view of a perfect magic number (C60)12−(Au)49 cluster. (b) Top view of the configuration in which a C60 molecule is pulled away (green colored C60). (c) Top view of the configuration in which two C60 molecules and four Au atoms are pulled away. (d) Top view of the configuration in which two C60 atoms and 14 Au atoms are pulled away, and the formation of a new magic number (C60)10−(Au)35 cluster. (e) The plot of relative total energies as functions of the configurations from (a)−(d). All energies are relative to the total energy of the configuration in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-single-molecule-extraction-a-c-stm-images-showing-302f8wda.png Figure 3. Single molecule extraction. (a−c) STM images showing the consequence of applying the manipulation trigger on a C60 molecule sitting above the Au island. The cluster here is (C60)14−(Au)63. (d−f) Similar manipulation performed on another (C60)14−(Au)63 cluster. Green dots in (b) and (e) indicate the locations where the triggers are applied. Green curved arrows indicate vacancy filling by diffusing C60 molecules. https://scispace.com/papers/tir-over-egyptian-hieroglyphs-57aqchbah5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-sign-arrangement-operators-in-mdc-2vvm7chu.png TABLE I SIGN ARRANGEMENT OPERATORS IN MDC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-part-of-the-false-door-found-in-the-tomb-of-a-high-adoo4kum.png Fig. 1. Part of the false door found in the tomb of a high official. The upper half shows text written in raws (to be read right-to-left) while the laterals contain text written in columns (to be read right-to-left in the case of the left side, and left-to-right in the case of the right side). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-querying-interface-34ads7qi.png Fig. 3. Querying interface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-architecture-of-the-system-indexing-and-retrieval-3pt9zntf.png Fig. 2. Architecture of the system: indexing and retrieval processes. https://scispace.com/papers/tirs-graphs-and-tirs-frames-a-new-setting-for-duals-of-4bgxblh9eu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-modular-lattice-m3-and-two-of-its-graph-2jf2l8il.png Figure 1. The modular lattice M3 and two of its graph representations X = D (L) and Y. https://scispace.com/papers/tissue-and-population-level-microbiome-analysis-of-the-wasp-1kldmrwb4j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nmds-ordination-based-on-bray-curtis-distance-of-10rjgmsb.png Figure 3. nMDS ordination based on Bray-Curtis distance of 16S rRNA gene sequence variant relative abundance (excluding DUSA) revealed the slight, but signifi ant, differentiatio of the Argiope bruennichi bacterial community composition according to population (Estonia or Germany in the legend) and individual (denoted by nu ber in the legend) as well as the interaction between the two. Single poi ts represent seque ced tissue samples a d the shape of the point represents the tissue type. Shared color denotes tissue samples taken from a single individual spider. Shades of yellow represent spiders collected from Estonia, while shades of blue represent spiders collected from Germany. Ellipses represent the 99% confidence interval based on standard error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nmds-ordination-based-on-bray-curtis-distance-of-2monyp57.png Figure 3. nMDS ordination based on Bray-Curtis distance of 16S rRNA gene sequence variant relative abundance (excluding DUSA) revealed the slight, but signifi ant, differentiatio of the Argiope bruennichi bacterial community composition according to population (Estonia or Germany in the legend) and individual (denoted by nu ber in the legend) as well as the interaction between the two. Single poi ts represent seque ced tissue samples a d the shape of the point represents the tissue type. Shared color denotes tissue samples taken from a single individual spider. Shades of yellow represent spiders collected from Estonia, while shades of blue represent spiders collected from Germany. Ellipses represent the 99% confidence interval based on standard error. https://scispace.com/papers/tissue-clearing-and-deep-imaging-of-the-kidney-using-2owbrnkju6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-reagents-storage-conditions-and-safety-1l099zp8.png Table 1: Experimental reagents, storage conditions and safety considerations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-workflow-for-deep-imaging-of-renal-tissue-a-30igfbuj.png Figure 1. Workflow for deep imaging of renal tissue. A) Isolation of the mouse or human renal material B) applying compounds such as DMSO to permeabilise, and hydrogen peroxide to bleach C) Immunolabelling using direct or indirect immunohistochemistry D) Clearing using solvent based solutions, such as BABB E) Imaging using confocal microscopy with or without two-photon excitation. With this protocol, optional paraffin embedding and sectioning can be performed after confocal imaging to correlatively analyse confocal findings, by probing histology for disease phenotypes, or further characterising confocal imaging using traditional fluorescence IHC. IHC, immunohistochemistry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-of-confocal-imagery-the-image-is-taken-from-3np2zcm8.png Figure 5. Example of confocal imagery. The image is taken from an embryonic day 18.5 kidney, stained with rat anti-mouse endomucin (EMCN; 1:50; Santa-Cruz; sc-53941) and rabbit anti-mouse aquaporin 2 (AQP2; 1:50; Abcam; ab109926). A maximum intensity projection is shown, to display the continuity of EMCN+ blood vessels and AQP2+ collecting ducts. Orthogonal slices of the confocal scan is shown, letters in the top left of each image correspond to the plane of the image. The z-thickness of the optical section is 29 μm , and the orientation of optical sectioning is indicated using the white and yellow crosshairs. Scale bar, 200 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-screenshot-of-the-zen-confocal-software-the-1qq1ga1f.png Figure 4. Screenshot of the Zen confocal software. The Acquisition Mode, including dimensions, speed, pixel averaging and scan area is boxed in red. The Imaging Setup, above which the laser switches sit, and within which the settings for the detectors and mirror sit is boxed in green. The Z-Stack function, which must be activated by ticking the box in the top left of the screen, and with which the optical sectioning depth and bottom and top of the sample can be registered, is boxed in yellow. The Channels tool, with which laser powers, gain and airy units can be set, is boxed in light blue. These tools and windows can be configured as the user prefers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-setting-up-and-focusing-the-upright-confocal-3cidsawp.png Figure 3. Setting up and focusing the upright confocal objectives for imaging BABBcleared tissue. A) After placing the appropriate holder in the microscope stage and adjusting its height, carefully place the sample underneath a low-resolution air immersion objective. B) Place the objective in the focused position and locate sample using eyepiece. C) Remove objective from focused position and place a generous drop of distilled water on the coverglass, below which the BABB and the sample rest. D) Change to a water immersion objective and carefully lower into the focused position, bringing the sample into clear view with sharp edges. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-set-up-for-upright-confocal-imaging-of-babb-cleared-28iy8x2o.png Figure 2. Set up for upright confocal imaging of BABB-cleared tissue. A) FluoroDish setup for small renal material (right), large coverglass and O-Ring configuration for larger renal material (left). B) The individual components of the coverglass / O-Ring setup. Each component is applied in sequence, starting with the glass slide and finishing with the coverglass. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-correlative-histology-and-ihc-of-babb-cleared-2v43sr1n.png Figure 6. Correlative histology and IHC of BABB-cleared material. A) 3Dreconstructions, performed in IMARIS (version 8.2, Bitplane) of an embryonic day 14.5 kidney stained with F4/80 (1:50; BioRad; MCAP497). The image was taken using a 25x multi-immersion objective. Two rotated views are provided, with white dashes delineating the metanephros and ureter for orientation B) An optical slice of the same kidney, using ImageJ / FIJI. C) The same kidney, post-paraffin embedding, sectioning (at 5 μm) and staining with Periodic acid-Schiff reagent. D) An alternative section of the kidney, processed with Hoescht and visualized under a fluorescence microscope. Scale bars, 100 μm. https://scispace.com/papers/tissue-differentiation-and-bone-regeneration-in-an-nb1f4zmykj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-epoxy-resin-model-b-mandible-the-coordinate-2uim6mb3.png Figure 1. (a) Epoxy resin model; (b) mandible the coordinate system and the boundary condi https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-material-properties-utilized-in-fem-analyses-for-the-wqv5f7q6.png Table 1. Material properties utilized in FEM analyses for the bone callus https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-components-of-muscular-forces-on-mandible-2c75t8te.png Table 2. Components of muscular forces on mandible https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-of-the-implemented-mechano-regulation-2fsa7cm0.png Figure 3. Schematic of the implemented mechano-regulation algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-3d-visualization-of-the-bone-regeneration-process-20c8n8ap.png Figure 12. 3D visualization of the bone regeneration process. Full mastication loads are applied. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-bone-percentage-on-the-far-left-section-fls-far-1l34plp7.png Figure 7. Bone percentage on the Far Left Section (FLS), Far Right Section (FRS) and Central Section (CS) for (a) full mastication loading and (b) for mastication loading reduced by 70%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-deformation-of-the-bone-callus-a-anterior-view-and-2rdpioke.png Figure 6. Deformation of the bone callus: (a) anterior view and (b) posterior view https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-percentage-values-of-the-tissues-composing-the-bone-3mv217e9.png Figure 8. Percentage values of the tissues composing the bone callus. https://scispace.com/papers/tissue-specific-landscape-of-metabolic-dysregulation-during-1wkf97h1i0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-nmr-metabolomic-analysis-of-mouse-spleen-samples-a-2oz0wz23.png Figure 6. NMR metabolomic analysis of mouse spleen samples. (A) O-PLS-DA lot of spleen samples, including cross validation. (B) The reduced NMR spectrum revealed altered components in normalized spleen samples. Positive covariance corresponds to components present at increased concentrations, whereas negative covariance corresponds to decreased component concentration. Predictivity of the model is represented by R2. 1 = Alanine, 2 = methionine, 3 = glutamate, 4 = aspartate, 5 = asparagine, 6 = lysine, 7 = o-phosphocholine, 8 = taurine, 9 = glycine, 10 = lactate, 11 = glucose, 12 = allantoin, 13 = uridine, 14 = fumarate, 15 = tyrosine, 16 = phenylalanine. (C) Statistical analysis of altered metabolites in spleen samples using a Student’s t-test. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nmr-metabolomic-analysis-of-mouse-heart-samples-a-o-2097damn.png Figure 2. NMR metabolomic analysis of mouse heart samples. (A) O-PLS-DA plot of heart samples, including cross validation. (B) The reduced NMR spectrum revealed altered components in normalized heart samples. Positive covariance corresponds to components present at increased concentrations, whereas negative covariance corresponds to decreased component concentration. Predictivity of the model is represented by R2. 1 = leucine, 2 = isoleucine, 3 = valine, 4 = acetate, 5 = 4-aminobutyrate, 6 = creatine, 7 = uracil, 8 = tyrosine, 9 = uridine, 10 = phenylalanine. (C) Statistical analysis of altered metabolites in heart samples using a Student’s t-test. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nmr-metabolomic-analysis-of-mouse-kidney-samples-a-13jrhi2p.png Figure 3. NMR metabolomic analysis of mouse kidney samples. (A) O-PLS-DA plot of kidney samples, including cross validation. (B) The reduced NMR spectrum revealed altered components in normalized kidney samples. Positive covariance corresponds to components present at increased concentrations, whereas negative covariance corresponds to decreased component concentration. Predictivity of the model is represented by R2. 1 = leucine, 2 = isoleucine, 3 = valine, 4 = threonine 5 = alanine, 6 = methionine, 7 = glutamate, 8 = succinate, 9 = aspartate, 10 = asparagine, 11 = lysine, 12 = ethanolamine, 13 = choline, 14 = glycerol, 15 = creatine, 16 = serine, 17 = allantoin, 18 = uracil, 19 = uridine, 20 = inosine, 21 = tyrosine, 22 = nicotinamide. (C) Statistical analysis of altered metabolites in kidney samples using a Student’s t-test. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-nmr-metabolomic-analysis-of-mouse-spleen-samples-a-3hqea952.png Figure 6. NMR metabolomic analysis of mouse spleen samples. (A) O-PLS-DA lot of spleen samples, including cross validation. (B) The reduced NMR spectrum revealed altered components in normalized spleen samples. Positive covariance corresponds to components present at increased concentrations, whereas negative covariance corresponds to decreased component concentration. Predictivity of the model is represented by R2. 1 = Alanine, 2 = methionine, 3 = glutamate, 4 = aspartate, 5 = asparagine, 6 = lysine, 7 = o-phosphocholine, 8 = taurine, 9 = glycine, 10 = lactate, 11 = glucose, 12 = allantoin, 13 = uridine, 14 = fumarate, 15 = tyrosine, 16 = phenylalanine. (C) Statistical analysis of altered metabolites in spleen samples using a Student’s t-test. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-nmr-metabolomic-analysis-of-mouse-liver-samples-a-o-1uerg577.png Figure 4. NMR metabolomic analysis of mouse liver samples. (A) O-PLS-DA plot of liver samples, including cross validation. (B) The reduced NMR spectrum revealed altered components in normalized liver samples. Positive covariance corresponds to components present at increased concentrations, whereas negative covariance corresponds to decreased component concentration. Predictivity of the model is represented by R2. 1 = lactate, 2 = alanine, 3 = aspartate, 4 = glycerol, 5 = glucose, 6 = uridine, 7 = inosine, 8 = fumarate, 9 = nicotinamide. (C) Statistical analysis of altered metabolites in liver samples using a Student’s t-test. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-nmr-metabolomic-analysis-of-mouse-lung-samples-a-o-2p64z9y2.png Figure 5. NMR metabolomic analysis of mouse lung samples. (A) O-PLS-DA plot of lung samples, including and cross https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nmr-metabolomic-analysis-of-mouse-brain-samples-a-o-3o7pu0ev.png Figure 1. NMR metabolomic analysis of mouse brain samples. (A) O-PLS-DA plot of brain samples, including cross validation. (B) The reduced NMR spectrum revealed altered components in normalized brain samples. Positive covariance corresponds to components present at increased concentrations, whereas negative covariance corresponds to decreased component concentration. Predictivity of the model is represented by R2. 1 = leucine, 2 = isoleucine, 3 = valine, 4 = lactate, 5 = 4-aminobutyrate, 6 = N-acetylaspartate, 7 = glutamine, 8 = allantoin, 9 = uridine, 10 = uracil, 11 = inosine, 12 = tyrosine, 13 = phenylalanine. (C) Statistical analysis of altered metabolites in brain samples using a Student’s t-test. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. https://scispace.com/papers/tissue-engineered-airways-a-prospects-article-1w8cxcq0c4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-development-of-the-trachea-a-lateral-view-at-the-ewpg535w.png Figure 2: Development of the trachea. A. Lateral view at the end of week 3; B-C. Ventral view of development at week 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-representation-of-the-relationship-ntfg6l7k.png Figure 3: Schematic representation of the relationship between degradable scaffolds and tissue regeneration https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cell-seeded-synthetic-tracheal-prostheses-hroww0qe.png Table 1: Cell seeded synthetic tracheal prostheses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-anatomy-of-the-human-trachea-z0bjcqr2.png Figure 1: Anatomy of the human trachea. https://scispace.com/papers/tissue-exposure-does-not-explain-non-response-in-ulcerative-2ro72ncpqi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-the-40-included-2lcj5yeu.png Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the 40 included ulcerative colitis patients Responders Non-responders https://scispace.com/papers/tissue-disposition-and-withdrawal-time-of-fosfomycin-in-1110z6aguw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fosfomycin-withdrawal-time-in-muscle-liver-kidney-32ln7bzw.png Table 4: Fosfomycin withdrawal time in muscle, liver, kidney and skin-fat, after PO and IM administration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-chemical-structure-of-calcium-fosfomycin-zr2h6bq0.png Fig. 2: Chemical structure of calcium fosfomycin. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fosfomycin-average-concentrations-in-muscle-liver-s8xciymt.png Table 2: Fosfomycin average concentrations in muscle, liver, kidney and skin-fat. PO assay. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fosfomycin-average-concentrations-in-muscle-liver-34m9zue2.png Table 3: Fosfomycin average concentrations in muscle, liver, kidney and skin-fat. IM assay. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chemical-structure-of-fosfomycin-1490yppx.png Fig. 1: Chemical structure of fosfomycin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-chemical-structure-of-disodium-fosfomycin-2ivsv0tn.png Fig. 3: Chemical structure of disodium fosfomycin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4b-0-1-ug-ml-spiked-muscle-3i3iwlfg.png Fig. 4b: 0.1 µg/mL spiked muscle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4a-blank-muscle-19bkxh46.png Fig. 4b: 0.1 µg/mL spiked muscle. https://scispace.com/papers/tissue-tropisms-of-avian-influenza-a-viruses-affect-their-270ux7w1wk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-h4n6-viruses-used-in-this-study-2r5n2o2v.png TABLE 1 H4N6 viruses used in this study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-receptor-binding-preference-of-h4n6-iavs-a-sequence-2lp1nog6.png FIG 4 Receptor binding preference of H4N6 IAVs. (A) Sequence logo of the HA receptor binding sites of avian and swine H4N6 IAVs. Both the H3 and H4 numbering are indicated, and the mutations at residues 226 and 228 on the HA protein are highlighted. (B) Receptor binding analyses using biolayer interferometry assays. 3=-Sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine (3=SLN; avian-like IAV receptor analog) and 6=-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine (6=SLN; human-like IAV receptor analog) were used in these analyses. Streptavidin-coated biosensors were immobilized with biotinylated glycans at different concentrations. Sugar loadingdependent binding signals were captured in the association step and normalized to the same background. Binding curves were fitted by using the binding-saturation method in GraphPad Prism (version 7) software. The horizontal dashed lines indicate half of the fractional saturation (f 0.5), and the vertical dashed line indicates the relative sugar loading at f equal to 0.5 (RSL0.5); the higher that the RSL0.5 value is, the smaller that the binding affinity is. The abbreviations are defined in the legend to Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-viral-titers-for-the-nasal-wash-samples-from-feral-284iic0m.png TABLE 2 Viral titers for the nasal wash samples from feral swine determined from qRT-PCR data https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-u6gh7rkn.png TABLE 1 H4N6 viruses used in this study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-of-growth-phenotypic-variants-in-f3ncs92w.png FIG 3 Distribution of growth phenotypic variants in phylogenetic trees. The phenotypes used in this figure were the TCID50 titers at 72 h and 33°C on SNE cells (A), STE cells (B), and A549 cells (C). The (Continued on next page) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-hi-titers-for-sera-collected-from-feral-swine-2h3hfca1.png TABLE 6 HI titers for sera collected from feral swine https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-viral-titers-for-respiratory-tract-tissue-samples-2uhya961.png TABLE 5 Viral titers for respiratory tract tissue samples from feral swine determined from RT-ddPCR data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-polymerase-activity-of-the-rnp-complex-a-polymerase-51u72219.png FIG 5 Polymerase activity of the RNP complex. (A) Polymerase activities of the RNP complexes from wild-type viruses on human embryonic kidneys 293T cells at 33, 37, and 39°C; (B) polymerase activities of the RNP reassortant complex on human embryonic kidney 293T cells at 37°C. The polymerase activities were determined using minigenome luciferase assays. The mean and standard deviation of the R/F value for each RNP complex were derived from the luciferase assay data in triplicate. ns, no statistically significant difference; **, P 0.01; ***, P 0.001. https://scispace.com/papers/titan-in-subsonic-and-supersonic-flow-46t7qnhvwo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-titan-in-the-subsonic-flow-see-figure-1-for-the-wsepya22.png Figure 2. Titan in the subsonic flow. See Figure 1 for the description of the parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-titan-in-the-supersonic-flow-top-and-bottom-figures-3d86jc62.png Figure 1. Titan in the supersonic flow. Top and bottom figures show parameters on the XZ-plane and on the XY-plane, respectively. X points along the co-rotating plasma flow, Y points to Saturn, and Z points to the direction of the Kronian magnetic field. The figures on the left hand side depict the total magnetic field (in nanotesla) and an example of the magnetic field lines (yellow lines). The total magnetic field on the model obstacle boundary at the altitude 1000 km is also shown. The figures on the right hand sides show the density of the co-rotating plasma (color palette, linear scale, unit cm 3) superimposed with the density of escaping m = 14 amu ions (black and white palette, log 10([m 3]) scale) and an example of the stream lines of the co-rotating plasma (green lines). In all figures the co-rotating plasma flow from left to right. In the top (bottom) figures the +Z axis (the Yaxis) points from bottom to top. The figures show the region 13RT < x < 8RT, 19RT < y, z < 19RT. https://scispace.com/papers/titanium-dioxide-waveguides-for-supercontinuum-generation-4lxqc0o96t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a1-sketch-of-the-embedded-metal-grating-in-titanium-1yekql7r.png Figure 1. (a1) sketch of the embedded metal grating in titanium dioxide layer (side view). (a2) Top view of 1.5 µm-wide waveguide with visible camera. (b) Coupling efficiency per facet of embedded grating coupler as a function of the injected wavelength. The experimental results are compared with numerical simulations. The inset shows eye diagram of 10Gb/s signal transmitted into the waveguide. (c) BER measurement as a function of the OSNR. The inset shows the typical eye diagram after the waveguide at 2 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-scanning-electron-microscope-image-of-the-cleaved-mwh88i4g.png Figure 2. (a) Scanning Electron Microscope image of the cleaved strip waveguide (b) Dispersion properties for the fundamental TE0,0 mode. (c1) Optical supercontinuum obtained at the output of the waveguide (solid blue line) compared to the input pulse spectrum (red solid line). (c2) Image of the emitted visible light from the waveguide (total length ~ 6.5 mm). https://scispace.com/papers/titanium-carbide-mxenes-for-work-function-and-interface-1ary3r6heg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structure-of-the-investigated-pscs-all-device-types-vyekbgpu.png Table 1: Structure of the investigated PSCs. All device types (A, B, C and D) are based on MXene-doped perovskite. Type B and C devices include also MXene doping in cTiO2 and mTiO2. The structure C has an additional MXene interlayer at the mTiO2/perovskite interface. Devices of type D, similar to C but with a standard cTiO2 layer, have been fabricated to identify the role of MXene in the cTiO2 layer. *Discussions related to structure D are reported in SI. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-characterization-of-ti3c2tx-mxene-a-schematic-2399svy3.png Figure 1: Characterization of Ti3C2Tx MXene. a, Schematic structure of Ti3C2Tx MXene. Surface terminations (Tx ) are a mixture of F, O, and OH. b, TEM image of Ti3C2Tx MXene flakes. The corresponding selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern is reported in the inset. UPS spectra measured with photon energy of 40.81 eV on the MXene flakes and FTO substrate supporting them are reported in left panel c and right panel d showing secondary electron cut-off and valence band region, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-photovoltaic-parameter-statistics-for-the-vjvrdeqf.png Figure 4: Photovoltaic parameter statistics for the investigated PSCs. a, Open circuit voltage (VOC). b, Short circuit current density (JSC). c, Fill factor (FF). d, Power conversion efficiency (PCE). Parameters are extracted from the J-V curves acquired at 1 SUN irradiation. The standard error (SE) is represented with a box while the average value is depicted as an empty squared dot. For each PSC structure, 8 devices have been fabricated with a cell active area of 0.09 cm2. Results for device simulations are also displayed as orange crosses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ups-curves-of-pristine-and-mxene-doped-perovskite-3olzq23u.png Figure 2: UPS curves of pristine and MXene-doped perovskite films. a, UPS spectra around the secondary electron cut-off. b, UPS spectra in the valence band region. For the pristine perovskite, the valence band maximum (VBM), determined by the intercept to zero of the intensity plotted in logarithmic scale (see inset in panel b) is at 1.46 eV below the Fermi level, in good agreement with previous findings.43 c, Energy scheme for undoped and MXene-doped perovskite with respect to the Fermi level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-band-profiles-of-pscs-with-and-without-mxene-as-3gjr5g3v.png Figure 5: Band profiles of PSCs with and without MXene as obtained by physical simulation modelling. Panels show the Conduction Band (CB), Valence Band (VB) profiles at VOC between corresponding quasi Fermi levels for CB (EFC) and VB (EFV). a, Reference PSC. b, Type A PSC. c, Type C PSC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dft-calculation-of-the-mapbi3-mxene-structure-a-b-2u2qm6a8.png Figure 3: DFT calculation of the MAPbI3/MXene structure. a, b Electrostatic potential averaged over planes perpendicular to the MAPbI3/Ti3C2(OH)2 and MAPbI3/Ti3C2O2 interface, respectively. The computed structures are shown within the plots, where green, magenta, blue, yellow, cyan, grey and red spheres represent I, Pb, N, C, H, Ti and O atoms, respectively. The red dashed lines represent the dipole corrected vacuum levels. The Fermi energy is set to zero, so that the vacuum potential, just away from the MXene surface, corresponds to the WF, of the MAPbI3/Ti3C2Tx interface, as depicted in the panels. We can see that the WF derived for the OH terminated MXene configuration, WFOH≅2.1 eV, is substantially smaller than the value obtained for the O terminated structure, where WFO≅5.7 eV. Notably, similar calculations for the F terminated MXene do not show a significant variation of MAPbI3 WF. c, d, Projected band structures of the MAPbI3/MXene slabs for OH and O termination of the MXene, respectively. Contribution from the bulk part of the MAPbI3 slab (grey box in panels a, b) are coloured in red. The valence band edge is set to zero. The bulk band gap of the MAPbI3 is indicated by the shaded area. https://scispace.com/papers/titanium-oxide-tio2-coatings-on-niti-shape-memory-substrate-1b3lbgtaz7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-curves-of-i-t-during-the-epd-process-w83tdnqi.png Figure 4. Curves of I-t during the EPD process https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-numerical-results-obtained-from-the-polarization-2nq80508.png TABLE 2. Numerical results obtained from the polarization test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-curves-of-stable-suspension-volume-with-time-3dfkiwy3.png Figure 3. Curves of stable suspension volume with time https://scispace.com/papers/titanium-water-thermosyphon-gamma-radiation-exposure-and-ylur3hrc15 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-delta-t-versus-dose-si-2yep1h6c.png Figure 3.—Delta T versus dose (Si). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-artists-concept-of-a-fission-power-system-on-mars-1e8d33c6.png Figure 1.—Artist’s concept of a fission power system on Mars. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-exposure-matrix-with-run-location-and-calculated-xrlqt5dz.png TABLE 1.—EXPOSURE MATRIX WITH RUN LOCATION AND CALCULATED TOTAL DOSE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-thermosyphon-test-setup-30rgnwes.png Figure 2.—Thermosyphon test setup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-delta-t-versus-an-inverse-function-of-time-under-14d6txdu.png Figure 4.—Delta T versus an inverse function of time, under vacuum at 400 K. https://scispace.com/papers/tlm-protocol-compliance-checking-at-the-electronic-system-4h7kysjtat 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-for-describing-several-protocol-sequences-eondleo7.png Fig. 4. Example for describing several protocol sequences https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-for-describing-a-single-protocol-sequence-3f1yvdxo.png Fig. 3. Example for describing a single protocol sequence https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-protocol-sequence-graph-describing-the-protocol-ue8tuayw.png Fig. 6. Protocol sequence graph describing the protocol sequences for the write and read accesses https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-soc-model-mncstb7p.png Fig. 5. SoC model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-osci-tlm-2-0-connectivity-between-initiator-and-target-1elq12v1.png Fig. 1. OSCI TLM-2.0 connectivity between initiator and target https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overall-flow-for-protocol-compliance-checking-2z6kjid1.png Fig. 2. Overall flow for protocol compliance checking https://scispace.com/papers/tlr5-participates-in-the-tlr4-receptor-complex-and-biases-m1mtv24pnn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tlr5-deficiency-ameliorates-the-inflammatory-lung-1s93av32.png Figure 1. TLR5 deficiency ameliorates the inflammatory lung response to systemic LPS. (A) Hematoxylin-Eosin staining of lung sections demonstrates LPS-induced lung injury is ameliorated in Tlr5-deficient (TLR5-/-) mice. (B) Cellular lung inflammation and lung lavage protein levels are decreased in Tlr5-deficient (TLR5-/-) mice. (C) Real time quantitative PCR analysis of inflammatory cytokines shows a significant decrease in Tlr5-deficient (TLR5-/-) mice. N=5-8 mice per group, experiment repeated twice. Data are represented as mean ± s.e.m. and were analyzed by unpaired t test with Welch's correction * P<0.05 and ** P<0.01 between TLR5+/+ and TLR5-/mice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-tlr5-participates-in-tlr4-signaling-complex-a-co-3ureaun4.png Figure 8. TLR5 participates in TLR4 signaling complex. (A) Co-immunoprecipitation of hemagglutinin-tagged TLR5 (TLR5-HA) and FLAG-tagged TLR4 (TLR4-FLAG) in HEK293 cells after 100 ng/mL ultrapure LPS exposure. (B) Immunoprecipitation of TLR5 with biotinylated ultrapure LPS (Biotin-LPS) in TLR5-HA and TLR4-FLAG transfected HEK293 cells after 100 ng/mL Biotin-LPS exposure for 15 minutes. Representative of 2 separate experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tlr5-deficiency-ameliorates-the-in-vivo-3r4lsuv5.png Figure 2. TLR5 deficiency ameliorates the in vivo inflammatory response to inhaled O3. (A) TNFα and IL-6 levels in the lung lavage fluid of Tlr5-deficient (TLR5-/-) or Tlr5-competent (TLR5+/+) mice 24 hours after receiving 3 ppm O3 for 3 hours by inhalation. n = 14 mice for TLR5+/+ and n = 12 mice for TLR5-/-, experiment repeated twice. (B) Airway physiology measurement (total respiratory resistance Rrs, tissue damping G and tissue elastance H) to indicated doses of methacholine challenge measured with flexiVent in Tlr5-deficient (TLR5-/-) or Tlr5-competent (TLR5+/+) mice 24 hours after 2ppm O3 or air (FA) exposure. n = 6 for TLR5-/-FA and TLR5-/-O3 and n = 7 for TLR5+/+FA and TLR5+/+O3, experiment repeated three times. Data are represented as mean ± s.e.m. and were analyzed by unpaired t test with Welch's correction * P<0.05 and ** P<0.01 between TLR5+/+ and TLR5-/- mice exposed to O3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tlr5-participates-in-tlr4-mediated-inflammation-in-2yq9d0t6.png Figure 4. TLR5 participates in TLR4-mediated inflammation in humans. (A) TNF-α production by peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages from human volunteers either homozygous for the major allele (rs5744168 M/M) or carriers of the minor allele (rs5744168 M/m) for the TLR5 single nucleotide polymorphism rs5744168. Cells were exposed to 10 ng/ml ultrapure LPS or 100 ng/ml ultrapure flagellin for 24 hours and TNF-α levels were analyzed by Duoset ELISA kit. Data are represented as mean ± standard deviation and analyzed by unpaired t test with Welch's correction. N=7-13 individual subjects. (B) TLR5 gene expression in alveolar macrophages from human volunteers exposed to 200 ppb O3 for 135 minutes. N=32 individual subjects. Data are presented as individual values with mean ± s.e.m. and was analyzed by Wilcoxon pairwise signed rank test. (C) Ex-vivo TNF-α production by human alveolar macrophages after exposure to air or O3 n=3 minor rs5744168 allele carriers and 20 major allele carriers. Data are represented as individual values and trends and analyzed by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. * P<0.05 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-tlr5-promotes-myd88-downstream-signaling-a-western-26kgw6m0.png Figure 7. TLR5 promotes MyD88 downstream signaling. (A) Western blot analysis of p-P65, pIKKα/β, p-JNK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 after exposure to 100 ng/mL ultrapure LPS exposure in BMDMs from Tlr5-competent (TLR5+/+) and Tlr5-deficient (TLR5-/-) mice. (B) Quantification of densitometric analysis of 3 separate blots similar to (3A). Data are represented as mean ± s.e.m. and were analyzed by repeated unpaired t test with Holm-Sidak correction. NS=not significant, * P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tlr5-engages-with-myd88-and-promotes-myddosome-5sfktxwc.png Figure 6. TLR5 engages with MyD88 and promotes Myddosome assembly after TLR4 activation. (A) Co-immunoprecipitation of TLR5 with Myd88 in BMDM from C57BL/6J mice after 100 ng/mL LPS exposure for indicated time points. n = 7, experiment was repeated twice. (B) immunoprecipitation of TLR5 with Myd88 in BMDM from Tlr4-deficient (TLR4-KO) or Tlr4competent (C57BL/6, wildtype WT) mice after 100 ng/mL LPS exposure for indicated time points. Representative of 3 separate experiments. (C) Immunoprecipitation of IRAK4 with Myd88 in BMDM from Tlr5-deficient (TLR5 KO) or Tlr5-competent (C57BL/6, wildtype WT) mice after 100 ng/mL LPS exposure for indicated time points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tlr5-deficiency-ameliorates-the-in-vivo-1v90xoqf.png Figure 3. TLR5 deficiency ameliorates the in vivo inflammatory response to instilled ultrapure short-fragment hyaluronan (sHA). (A) Real time quantitative PCR gene expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in the lung tissues of Tlr5-deficient (TLR5-/-) or Tlr5-competent (TLR5+/+) mice 6 hours after exposure to vehicle (PBS) or 50 µl of 3 mg/ml short fragment HA. n = 5 for TLR5-/-PBS and TLR5/-sHA and n = 6 for TLR5+/+PBS and TLR5+/+sHA. Experiment repeated once. (B) Airway physiology measurement (tissue damping G and tissue elastance H) to indicated doses of methacholine challenge measured with flexiVent 2 hours after exposure to vehicle (PBS) or 2 mg/ml sHA. n = 5 for TLR5-/-PBS and TLR5-/-sHA and n = 6 for TLR5+/+PBS and TLR5+/+sHA, experiment repeated twice. Data are represented as mean ± s.e.m. and were analyzed by unpaired t test with Welch's correction * P<0.05 and ** P<0.01 between TLR5+/+ and TLR5-/- mice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-proposed-model-of-tlr5-tlr4-interaction-during-3vcj28kw.png Figure 9. Proposed model of TLR5-TLR4 interaction during environmental lung injury. The current model of canonical TLR4 activation rather applies to the TLR5 deficient status (left panel). In the presence of TLR5 (right panel), TLR5 participates in the TLR4 signaling complex, and promotes signaling downstream the MyD88 pathway. https://scispace.com/papers/tlrs-and-chronic-inflammation-2i07elnnf2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3kinshzq.png Table 2: https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-6ywrn6dk.png Table 1: https://scispace.com/papers/tmigd1-a-putative-tumor-suppressor-induces-g2-m-cell-cycle-zlcduvyjp4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3k7fzh53.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-33sjfkz9.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1cm2thq7.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/tmr-and-partial-dynamic-reconfiguration-to-mitigate-seu-3r87cqadpk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-results-15t88om5.png Table 1. Experimental results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-disadvantageous-partitioning-solution-2wqqhf0y.png Figure 2. Disadvantageous partitioning solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tmr-applied-with-different-levels-of-granularity-1aed6iy7.png Figure 1. TMR applied with different levels of granularity (separately re-configurable adjacent frames have different background color). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-design-space-exploration-w-r-t-to-tmr-and-partial-38v4cfaf.png Figure 3. Design Space Exploration w.r.t to TMR and Partial Reconfiguration. https://scispace.com/papers/tls-connection-validation-by-web-browsers-why-do-web-zcygcqv2yp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-screenshot-when-opening-the-compsac-2017-submission-3gxjel6j.png Fig. 1. Screenshot when opening the COMPSAC 2017 submission web site using Firefox https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-certificate-contents-inspired-by-20-dvylhvs1.png Fig. 3. Certificate contents (inspired by [20]) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-screenshot-when-opening-the-compsac-2017-submission-15jozvaj.png Fig. 2. Screenshot when opening the COMPSAC 2017 submission website using Safari https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-ocsp-protocol-flow-1yz4iyv3.png Fig. 4. The OCSP protocol flow https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-revocation-tests-4g0iy00s.png TABLE V. REVOCATION TESTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-edge-and-chrome-for-a-revoked-1d6mxuai.png Fig. 5. Comparison of Edge and Chrome for a revoked certificate https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-ip-address-server-and-or-fqdn-identities-vmtvcosy.png TABLE II. IP ADDRESS SERVER AND/OR FQDN IDENTITIES https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-multiple-fqdn-web-server-identities-2mnwujfb.png TABLE I. MULTIPLE FQDN WEB SERVER IDENTITIES https://scispace.com/papers/tlsim-and-evc-a-term-level-symbolic-simulator-and-an-4f7rdhziv2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-our-tool-flow-2mc3g254.png Figure 3 Our tool flow https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-abshdl-description-of-the-three-stage-pipelined-2guuygn3.png Figure 5 AbsHDL description of the three-stage pipelined processor pipe3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-command-file-for-symbolic-simulation-of-pipe3-and-fhgq1dlj.png Figure 6 Command file for symbolic simulation of pipe3 and its specification with TLSim https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-conventional-translation-of-basic-logic-gates-to-cnf-1kx4gcmk.png Table 2 Conventional translation of basic logic gates to CNF https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-merging-an-ite-tree-with-one-level-of-its-and-or-3ql0grvs.png Figure 7 Merging an ITE-tree with one level of its AND/OR leaves that have a fanout count of 1. Each ITE-tree is represented as the conjunction of all clauses for paths from leaves to the tree output https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-safety-correctness-property-for-an-kev68av9.png Figure 1 The safety correctness property for an implementation processor with issue width k: one step of the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-syntax-of-the-logic-of-eufm-zbn8o15j.png Figure 2 Syntax of the logic of EUFM https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimizations-used-when-hashing-expressions-23tq7zts.png Table 1 Optimizations used when hashing expressions https://scispace.com/papers/to-alert-or-not-to-alert-that-is-the-question-q2773k3f9l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-our-decision-support-process-odfccld2.png Figure 1: Our decision support process https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-population-behavior-factors-and-indicators-39z57sql.png Table 1: Population behavior factors and indicators https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-decision-tree-obtained-with-the-algorithm-random-2p2nrnv5.png Figure 3: Decision tree obtained with the algorithm Random Tree https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-table-of-the-classification-j48c4-5-and-3gl0q9yb.png Table 2: Summary table of the classification (J48C4.5 and Random Tree) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-decision-tree-obtained-with-the-algorithm-j48-c4-5-a4q9o2rv.png Figure 2: Decision tree obtained with the algorithm J48-C4.5 https://scispace.com/papers/to-catch-a-chorus-using-chroma-based-representations-for-9p2xvo0k12 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-chroma-based-algorithms-passing-rate-for-pp-34151trr.png Figure 4: The chroma-based algorithm’s passing rate for Pp (solid lines) and Pr (dotted lines) under various thresholds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pp-solid-and-pr-dotted-scores-for-chroma-based-zqhe1lq5.png Figure 3: Pp (solid) and Pr (dotted) scores for chroma-based algorithm, MFCC-based algorithm, and random thumbnail selection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-time-lag-surface-t-for-jimmy-buffets-149x7rft.png Figure 2: The time-lag surface, T , for Jimmy Buffet’s Margaritaville, showing the similarity between one segment of the song and a segment lag seconds ahead of it. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-similarity-matrix-c-for-jimmy-buffets-3k13741c.png Figure 1: The similarity matrix, C, for Jimmy Buffet’s Margaritaville, showing the similarity between individual frames of the song. https://scispace.com/papers/to-connect-or-not-to-connect-modelling-the-optimal-degree-of-59iq3lekfx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-efast-results-sample-size-70-see-table-1-for-a-more-15qerg4f.png Table 2: eFAST results (sample size = 70). See Table 1 for a more detailed description of the parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-snip-algorithm-workflow-the-em-calculates-an-q78as5m0.png Figure 1: SNIP algorithm workflow. The EM calculates an initial network layout until all nodes have a sanitation solution, while the MM optimises the infrastructure layout generated by the EM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-exemplary-representation-of-the-wwtp-selection-by-icghlgkh.png Figure 3: Exemplary representation of the WWTP selection by the SOM heuristic for WWTP C. B is closest to C, D has the closest network to C whereas A has the best merging potential for C due to its size (see Equation 4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-system-design-options-som-module-for-an-exemplary-2k9f4nf6.png Figure 2: System design options (SOM module) for an exemplary initial situation. Options A and C show a network expansion in combination with a WWTP enlargement. In option B the network is not enlarged and a new WWTP is installed instead. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-todays-wastewater-system-connecting-the-inhabited-32lxygiz.png Figure 8: Today’s wastewater system connecting the inhabited buildings (left) and optimum system design calculated with SNIP using the base parameters (right). We assume that all inhabited buildings which are not connected to the sewers currently have an on-site treatment solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-total-system-annuities-of-trubschachen-as-a-3eq3ltum.png Figure 7: Total system annuities of Trubschachen as a function of DC. The cost shares of the different system elements shift with increasing DC from WWTP costs towards sewer and pumping costs until minimum total system costs are reached at DC = 0.76. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cost-and-design-related-model-parameters-the-37mdyyw3.png Table 1: Cost and design-related model parameters. The considered standard pipe diameters are (in m): 0.25. 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9. 1, 1.2, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-wwtp-capital-expenditure-cost-curve-from-vsa-2011-23xzs2xc.png Figure A.1: WWTP capital expenditure cost curve from VSA (2011). https://scispace.com/papers/to-defer-or-not-defer-uk-state-pension-and-work-decisions-in-4xaijol51s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-increase-in-non-labour-income-ht-1-ht-2ymuxpki.png Figure 3: Increase in non-labour income hT−1 < hT https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-changes-in-aand-h-on-wage-co-ordinates-de-ning-zero-2eqw2rmc.png Table 1: Changes in αand h on wage co-ordinates de ning zero and full time work relative to Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-varying-individuals-life-expectancy-3cfn973u.png Figure 9: Varying individuals life expectancy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-cohort-and-period-life-expectancy-men-and-women-24ovq129.png Figure 10: Cohort and period life expectancy men and women https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reservation-wages-which-give-indi-erence-between-3sqlx367.png Figure 1: Reservation wages which give indi erence between pairs of maximal utility levels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optimal-lifecycle-participation-pro-les-rora4clr.png Figure 2: Optimal lifecycle participation pro les https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-wage-co-ordinates-de-ning-zero-and-full-time-work-28lrdghb.png Figure 5: Wage co-ordinates de ning zero and full time work https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-female-wage-distribution-ages-60-65-2008-2013-s6ul51z7.png Figure 6: Female Wage Distribution: Ages 60-65 (2008-2013) https://scispace.com/papers/to-delegate-or-not-to-delegate-a-review-of-control-2r8nzofa93 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-levels-of-automation-sheridan-and-verplank-1978-1k958c2f.png Table 1 Levels of automation (Sheridan and Verplank, 1978; Parasuraman et al., 2000). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-some-available-automo-354ctv8h.png Fig. 1. Some available automo https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-pact-framework-bonner-et-al-2000-1c4gkzu9.png Table 2 The PACT framework (Bonner et al., 2000). https://scispace.com/papers/to-land-or-not-to-land-how-do-stakeholders-perceive-the-zero-1tg0hrvtty 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-shows-experts-opinions-about-the-landing-obligation-1i206pls.png Table 2 shows experts’ opinions about the landing obligation, their views about incentives 360 that could contribute to reduce discards in SSF and opinions on the socioeconomic 361 consequences of the zero discard policy on the small-scale fishing activities. Results show 362 https://scispace.com/papers/to-live-among-like-minded-others-exploring-the-links-between-2uwgw1q97r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-response-surface-plots-for-a-e-the-big-five-traits-and-4vtcms9t.png Fig. 2. Response surface plots for (a–e) the Big Five traits and (f) religiosity. The plots are based on multilevel polynomial regression analyses (including control variables). Only the surfaces within the outer ellipses (the range of the actual data) should be interpreted. The smaller ellipses show the inner 50% of the bivariate data and are comparable to the box of a box plot (Rousseeuw, Ruts, & Tukey, 1999). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-the-polynomial-regressions-of-self-esteem-2ebhwkrt.png Table 1. Results of the Polynomial Regressions of Self-Esteem on Individual-Level and City-Level Big Five Personality Traits and Religiosity https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-heat-maps-of-the-z-standardized-big-five-scores-of-the-1r8nzt6q.png Fig. 1. Heat maps of the z-standardized Big Five scores of the 860 cities in the study. The size of the colored area representing each city is proportional to the city’s sample size. The color keys include the names of example cites with relatively high and low scores on each trait. https://scispace.com/papers/to-share-or-not-to-share-assessing-knowledge-sharing-5b4ujt92vu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-research-framework-significant-at-the-0-01-overall-2pzg5emh.png Fig. 1 Research framework. **Significant at the 0.01 overall significance level. Note Tenure is included as a control variable and reveals its insignificance (t = 0.56) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-standardized-loadings-and-reliabilities-3bsmnv18.png Table 1 Standardized loadings and reliabilities https://scispace.com/papers/to-transfer-or-not-to-transfer-kinematics-and-laterality-gehmd7wfuo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-interlimb-transfer-of-force-field-adaptation-in-the-3nf9ehjq.png Fig. 3. Interlimb transfer of force-field adaptation in the right-handed group. A and B: top view of nondominant arm (NDA) hand paths for a representative subject of the VP group (A) and the P group (B) in the PRE-test (representative trial in black) and in the POST-test (1st trial in green). C: initial direction in baseline and the 1st trial of the POST-test with the NDA for both groups (no groups effect). D: aftereffects (POST: baseline at initial direction) for the left NDA and the right DA. Error bars represent SE. *P 0.05, significant difference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-individual-characteristics-determining-interlimb-1zyh1zrm.png Fig. 4. Individual characteristics determining interlimb transfer. A: difference, for each subject, in initial direction between the 1st trial of the POST-test of the NDA and the baseline in the P group (left-pointed triangles) and the VP group (right-pointed triangles). Subjects classified with significant interlimb transfer according to their baseline 99% confidence interval (CI) are in black while other subjects are in grey. B: misclassification error (MCE) in percentage as a function of the number (Nb) of variables. The MCE reaches the minimum when 5 variables are used and then overfitting occurs with 10 variables. C: receiving operator characteristics (ROC) curve of the linear discriminant analysis, with additional results at 2 decision thresholds (red circle: 0.25, green square: 0.21). AUC, area under the curve. D: correlation between variability of initial direction in the last 10 trials of the adaptation phase (x) and the transfer value (y). E: peak velocity in the classes “Transfer” and “No Transfer.” Each data point represents a subject. The distribution is represented by a boxplot where the red line is the mean, the red shaded area the 95% interval, and the blue area the SE. F: observed transfer values as a function of the values predicted by the multiple regression (dependent variable: transfer value; independent variables: variability, laterality quotient, and peak velocity). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-adaptation-and-interlimb-transfer-in-left-handers-a-2mrqgw4f.png Fig. 5. Adaptation and interlimb transfer in left-handers. A: top view of DA hand paths for a representative subject. B: initial direction (in degree) for the DA averaged across subjects in the PRE-test (baseline); the 1st, the 2nd, and the last trial of the PER-rotation phase; and the 1st and second trials of the POST-test. ***P 0.001, significant difference. Error bars represent SE. C: top view of NDA hand paths for 2 representative subjects https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-classification-and-regression-models-for-both-right-2mac755r.png Fig. 6. Classification and regression models for both right- and left-handers. A: in blue, the ROC of the left DA classification model built with 2 variables (laterality quotient and variability) for all (both right- and left-handed) subjects (n 29). A result is shown at the decision threshold 0.58 (blue circle). In pink, the ROC for the right-handers (n 20) only. B: correlation between variability and the transfer value. C: representation of the laterality quotient distribution between the classes “Transfer” and “No transfer.” Each data point represents a subject. The red line is the mean, the red shaded area the 95% interval, and the blue area the SE. D: transfer value as a function of variability (°) and laterality quotient (%). The regression model is represented by the hyperplan. E: observed transfer values as a function of the predicted transfer values based on the multiple regression (dependent variable: transfer value; independent variables: variability and laterality quotient). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-adaptation-of-the-dominant-arm-da-movements-toward-the-xedyqe62.png Fig. 2. Adaptation of the dominant arm (DA) movements toward the central target. A and B: top view of DA hand paths for a representative subject of the vision-proprioception (VP) group (A) and proprioception (P) group (B). C: mean initial direction (degree) of the central target averaged for the PRE-test (baseline) for each trial across the adaptation phase and the POST-test for the P (blue) and VP (red) groups. Shaded blue and red areas represent means SE. D: mean initial direction (degree) for the P (blue) and VP (red) groups in the PRE-test (baseline); the 1st, 2nd, and last trial of the PER-rotation phase; and the 1st and 2nd trials of the POST-test. For each PRE-test, all 10 trials were averaged to obtain a baseline reference. Error bars represent means SE. *P 0.05, ***P 0.001, significant difference. https://scispace.com/papers/to-what-extent-will-the-banking-industry-be-globalized-a-24zysqdnif 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-global-banks-in-the-sample-1lysi4vd.png Table 1: The Global Banks in the Sample https://scispace.com/papers/toa-based-passive-localization-constructed-over-factor-3egq886hql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-consensus-process-for-distributed-passive-25725r5k.png TABLE I CONSENSUS PROCESS FOR DISTRIBUTED PASSIVE LOCALIZATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-state-space-model-based-factor-graph-for-toa-passive-2z33lvfh.png Fig. 4. State space model based factor graph for TOA passive localization with inaccurate transceivers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-factor-graph-for-toa-passive-localization-in-time-3q4d96i0.png Fig. 5. Factor graph for TOA passive localization in time-varying asynchronous networks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-active-and-passive-localization-case-in-active-case-34tx0mgp.png Fig. 1. Active and passive localization case. In active case, the target (agent) has the ability of locating itself based on the measurements from sensors with known positions (anchor). In passive case, the measurements are obtained at receivers by acquiring the signals from the transmitter and reflected by the target. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-mse-of-the-proposed-algorithm-and-the-derived-crb-8q6qtkyi.png Fig. 11. MSE of the proposed algorithm and the derived CRB versus the occupance probability po. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-impact-of-the-number-of-iterations-nc-for-distributed-3r5tn14n.png Fig. 12. Impact of the number of iterations Nc for distributed processing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-localization-performance-in-different-scenarios-3ela0cvo.png Fig. 13. Localization performance in different scenarios versus the measurement noise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-factor-graph-for-joint-toa-passive-localization-and-36psgjui.png Fig. 6. Factor graph for joint TOA passive localization and outliers detection. https://scispace.com/papers/toa-estimation-for-positioning-with-dvb-t-signals-in-outdoor-44z165nvur 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-testing-scenario-in-marseilles-qthq9rg2.png Fig. 7. Testing Scenario in Marseilles https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-static-testing-scenarios-26hh4qo7.png TABLE II STATIC TESTING SCENARIOS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-spectrum-of-ideal-and-field-testing-dvb-t-signals-8k-v5szd3rc.png Fig. 8. Spectrum of ideal and field testing DVB-T signals (8K mode 8M bandwidth) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-toa-tracking-results-of-signals-from-toulouse-local-3jkfa71x.png Fig. 17. TOA tracking results of signals from Toulouse local emitter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-coarse-synchronization-results-in-marseille-test-3joti7ae.png Fig. 9. Coarse synchronization results in Marseille test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-first-path-detection-in-marseille-test-p3g2ykmm.png Fig. 11. The first path detection in Marseille test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-channel-acquisition-results-in-marseille-test-3fdwz65q.png Fig. 10. Channel acquisition results in Marseille test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-usrp-based-test-bench-for-outdoor-testing-2qbz4fbp.png Fig. 6. USRP based test bench for outdoor testing https://scispace.com/papers/tobacco-smoking-is-associated-with-psychotic-experiences-in-56e4kzpdc4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-odds-ratio-estimates-for-smoking-pattern-on-pes-from-13ghquxd.png Table 2. Odds ratio estimates for smoking pattern on PEs from survey weighted logistic regression. All models based on 1680 participants. Age was adjusted for as a continuous variable. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-odds-ratio-or-estimates-for-the-association-between-32yphhk5.png Table 3. Odds ratio (OR) estimates for the association between a. any PEs (upper panel) and b. the number of PEs (lower panel, reflecting the increase in relative odds for one more PE) with quantity of cigarettes smoked per day. Based on overall analytic sample of 1680. Test statistics (T) are from survey-weighted logistic regression models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-counts-and-survey-weighted-univariate-associations-3e3238hs.png Table 1. Counts and survey-weighted univariate associations between PEs and each variable used in this study, based on the analytic sample of 1680. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-models-comparing-daily-smokers-to-never-smokers-for-3k3qgq80.png Table 4. Models comparing daily smokers to never smokers for an increase in number of PEs, and for separate types of psychotic experience. All models based on 1680 participants. Estimates for ex-smokers and sporadic smokers are not presented. https://scispace.com/papers/toe-brachial-index-in-middle-aged-patients-with-diabetes-3b48eihta5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-association-between-tbi-and-central-arterial-pvw-tbi-1nvxkppy.png Table 2. Association between TBI and central arterial PVW, TBI and IMT and as well as TBI and carotid plaque. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-data-on-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-1rl5xfyz.png Table 1. Descriptive data on patients with type 2 diabetes and controls. Mean (+SD) https://scispace.com/papers/tobe-tangible-out-of-body-experience-2s5ya3qqpy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-simple-multitouch-animator-allowing-users-to-1tcncssv.png Figure 5: a: Simple multitouch animator allowing users to create and animate visual feedback. b: Customizing the tangible support of Tobe can be achieved using modular body pieces; c: it is also possible to embedded electronics inside the support to have a standalone Tobe. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-in-a-scientific-museum-various-activities-were-2qnpemof.png Figure 6: In a scientific museum, various activities were proposed to visitors in order to prompt self-investigation. The setup consists of a projector handling the augmentation and an OptiTrack for the tracking. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tobe-the-tangible-avatar-displaying-real-time-3q0pe53b.png Figure 1: Tobe, the tangible avatar displaying real-time physiological readings along with the interface to control the different visualizations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-multi-users-application-relaxation-through-cardiac-33kawvne.png Figure 7: Multi-users application: relaxation through cardiac coherence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sample-of-the-drawings-made-by-participants-to-3b25xagn.png Figure 2: Sample of the drawings made by participants to represent various high-level metrics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simplified-view-of-the-toolkit-that-supports-tobe-3jfvhhrr.png Figure 3: Simplified view of the toolkit that supports Tobe. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-wearables-a-coat-embedding-ecg-sensors-b-fingerless-23qk4pdk.png Figure 4: Wearables. a: coat embedding ECG sensors; b: fingerless glove measuring EDA; c: breathing belt; d: EEG headband. https://scispace.com/papers/tofacitinib-as-monotherapy-following-methotrexate-withdrawal-4kmh8kz94s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-secondary-clinical-efficacy-and-patient-reported-2kfcte26.png Table 2: Secondary clinical efficacy and patient-reported outcomes at month 6 and month 12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-patient-disposition-husegkoh.png Figure 1: Patient disposition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lsm-se-change-from-sub-study-baseline-in-a-pasdas-27x4d3o0.png Figure 2: LSM (SE) change from sub-study baseline in (A) PASDAS* and (B) HAQ-DI* up to month 12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-aes-and-laboratory-abnormalities-up-to-24vfjkcd.png Table 3: Summary of AEs and laboratory abnormalities up to month 12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-demographics-and-sub-study-baseline-disease-9zt5ufet.png Table 1: Patient demographics and sub-study baseline disease characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/tolerance-in-the-ramsey-interference-of-a-trapped-4kkoe0b42h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-experimental-schematic-of-the-optical-dipole-trap-a-15kxp5jo.png FIG. 2. (a) Experimental schematic of the optical dipole trap. A 1064-nm laser beam is tightly focused by a high-numerical-aperture (0.95) objective. The polarization of the trapping light can be rotated by a half-wave plate. Scattered light from levitated nanodiamonds is collected by a lens and sent to a balanced photodiode in an interferometric scheme described in Ref. [25], providing a position-dependent signal from the levitated nanodiamond. (b) Power spectral density (PSD) as a function of ω at approximately 10 mB using 200 mW of trapping power. Fourier transforming the position-dependent signal yields the PSD of the trapped nanodiamond. For the measurement of the z frequency, the amplitude has been increased by a factor of 20 for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fidelity-f-2-t0-0-t0-against-the-magnitude-of-bx-by-bz-1d5q79ow.png FIG. 4. Fidelity F = |〈 (2)(t0)| (0)(t0)〉| against the magnitude of |βx | = |βy | = |βz| = |β0| under realistic parameters λ = 0.01 ωz and γx = 0.4,γy = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fringes-of-spin-zero-population-p-sz-0-as-a-function-q8g1tyqv.png FIG. 3. Fringes of spin-zero population P (sz = 0) as a function of the orientation θ of the trapping axis z, with respect to the direction of the gravitational acceleration, and of the direction cosine, where cx = 0 corresponds to the NV center being parallel to the trapping axis and cx = 1 corresponds to the case in which the NV center is orthogonal to it. The initial motional state has been taken to be equal to the vacuum state of the quantum oscillator. The other parameters are such that λ = 0.01 J and λ/ cos θ = 11.9 J. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-optical-trap-holds-a-diamond-bead-with-an-nv-center-34g2bx0x.png FIG. 1. An optical trap holds a diamond bead with an NV center with both weakest confinement and spin quantization along the z axis. A magnetized sphere at z0 produces spin-dependent shifts to the center of the harmonic well. An angle θ between the vertical and the z axes places the centers of the wells corresponding to the |+1〉 and |−1〉 states in different gravitational potentials. Starting with an arbitrary coherent state, the c.m. of the bead oscillates as different coherent states in the center-shifted, spin-dependent well (red solid and dashed lines), accumulating a relative gravitational phase difference due to the superpositions. At t0 = 2π/ωz this phase can be read from Ramsey measurements on spin. The blue shaped zone shows a generic orientation of the NV center’ s axis z′ with respect to magnetic direction z. https://scispace.com/papers/together-we-can-do-so-much-a-systematic-review-and-11bblhkbcw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-common-constructs-among-empirical-definitions-of-3g7h9lvb.png Table 3 Common Constructs among Empirical Definitions of Collaboration https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-studies-selected-for-review-38gz8p00.png Table 1 Overview of Studies Selected for Review https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-common-constructs-among-theoretical-definitions-of-tsqq13lu.png Table 4 Common Constructs among Theoretical Definitions of Collaboration https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-constructs-3q8atyos.png Table 2 Summary of the Constructs https://scispace.com/papers/tokenism-or-true-partnership-parental-involvement-in-a-child-55joihx7np 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3rtl3a2p.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ul6ek1t5.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-conceptual-model-promoting-or-preventing-7ivwnrxt.png Figure 3: Conceptual Model: promoting or preventing partnership working https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-framework-approach-jngzomzt.png Figure 2- framework approach https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pillars-of-partnership-in-pain-care-model-2g1ikow1.png Figure 4 “Pillars of Partnership in Pain Care Model” https://scispace.com/papers/toi-1259ab-a-gas-giant-planet-with-2-7-per-cent-deep-4tv5zvhq54 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-transit-spectroscopy-metric-tsm-from-kempton-et-al-1rzwsayz.png Figure 12. Transit Spectroscopy Metric (TSM) from Kempton et al. (2018) for all confirmed transiting exoplanets as a function of their equilibrium temperature (where such a value has been calculated). The TSM is calculated using Eq. 3. The color scale is the planet radius. TOI-1259Ab has a TSM of 180, making it ideal for atmospheric follow-up. In particular, it has one of the highest TSM values for a planet cooler than 1000 K and of Jupiter-size or less. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spectral-energy-distribution-of-toi-1259a-red-2cdx9x21.png Figure 3. Spectral energy distribution of TOI-1259A. Red symbols represent the observed photometric measurements, where the horizontal bars represent the effective width of the passband. Blue symbols are the model fluxes from the best-fit Kurucz (1979) atmosphere model (black). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-stellar-radius-and-mass-measurements-based-on-four-1wtqtu79.png Table 3. Stellar radius and mass measurements based on four different methods. In all cases we use a fit to the SED combined with Gaia DR2 parallaxes. In methods 1 and 2 we follow the procedure of Stassun & Torres (2016); Stassun et al. (2017, 2018) to derive the radius and the mass comes from the SEDmeasurement of the surface gravity log 𝑔 (1) and the Torres et al. (2010) mass-radius relationship (2). In methods 3 and 4 we use ExoFASTv2 (Eastman et al. 2019) to fit the SED and two different isochrones. We use method 2 (in bold) as the nominal value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-transit-light-curves-of-toi-1259-b-followed-up-with-33jzo4wp.png Figure 9. Transit light curves of TOI-1259 b followed up with small (< 50 cm) ground-based telescopes with various filters. For each light curve, we show the raw data in the top panel (grey) overlaid with data binned in 10 min intervals (black). The best-fitting model is shown as a solid blue line, which consists of a Gaussian process (GP) model (dashed) and transit model (dotted). The 1𝜎 uncertainty of the GP model is indicated by the shaded region. The middle panels are “cleaned” light curves after removing the GP model, and the bottom panels are residuals from the best-fitting model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top-systematics-insensitive-periodogram-sip-for-toi-wqpz5y3w.png Figure 4. Top: Systematics-Insensitive Periodogram (SIP) for TOI-1259b. The periodogram is calculated for both the corrected lightcurve (black line) and the background (BKG) pixels (blue line). There is a strong peak in the SIP at 28 days, which is attributed to the rotation of the planet host and denoted by a red dashed line. The background pixels show no evidence of any periodicity, suggesting that the 28 day signal is both real and intrinsic to the target. Note that these periodograms are not normalized by the measurement errors. Bottom: The light curve for TOI-1259. Grey points show the raw data TESS data, and black points show the data corrected using tess-sip, showing a clear periodicity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-phase-folded-and-detrended-light-curve-of-the-2tuga8p2.png Figure 8. Phase folded and detrended light curve of the primary transit after removing the Gaussian process model. We show the unbinned data in blue, and the data averaged in 10min bins in blue/white points. The orange line is the best-fitting transit model, with a maximum depth of 2.7%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-upper-panel-nine-sectors-of-tess-pdcsap-photometry-1h32hjah.png Figure 7. Upper panel: Nine sectors of TESS PDCSAP photometry of TOI-1259. The blue model is the Gaussian process model. Middle panel: The light curve after removing the Gaussian process model, showing transits only, with the transit model overlaid in orange. Bottom panel: Residuals from the best-fitting full model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-toi-1259-system-host-star-parameters-w6rlireh.png Table 1. Summary of the TOI-1259 system. Host star parameters derived from SED fits (Sect. 3.1). White dwarf parameters are detailed in Table 4, and we only show parameters from the first model in that table here. Full planet parameters are shown in Table 5. Coordinates and distances are from the TESS Input Catalog v8.1. https://scispace.com/papers/tolerance-to-the-foeto-placental-graft-ten-ways-to-support-a-3ewd9lh0yr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3ca2c9wn.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2kdvtpgm.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2odt28sl.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3ok5w0id.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-30glko3s.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-x3oskswj.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-11fzshcs.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/tolerance-mechanisms-and-irrigation-management-to-reduce-1h72gx0itb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3m4vcvdx.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-htib9lk5.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3ahd1n35.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-3uklfizm.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rn8qx9d1.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ieg0sw6p.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/tollmien-schlichting-route-to-elastoinertial-turbulence-in-8kl7uf7n51 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-l2-norm-of-axx-blue-and-corresponding-mean-local-le46v5f3.png FIG. 2. (a) L2 norm of α̂xx (blue) and corresponding mean local stretch rate at the hyperbolic stagnation point (red) along the VNTSA branch at Wi = 10. Red-dashed line corresponds to Wiloc = λσmax = 1/2. Panels (b) and (c) are snapshots of the fluctuation structure of the solution branch at Re = 6000 and 8000, respectively. Shown are contour lines of v̂ superimposed on color contours of α̂xx . Here ˆ denotes deviations from laminar base state. On (c), the hyperbolic stagnation points in the traveling frame are indicated as blue dots and the streamlines attached to them as dashed curves with arrows indicating the direction of flow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-j-snapshots-of-the-fluctuation-structure-at-wi-11-2nq56aqo.png FIG. 5. (a)–(j) Snapshots of the fluctuation structure at Wi = 11. Snapshots are taken from t = 5230 to 5320 every 10 time units, respectively. Same format as Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-snapshots-of-the-attractor-at-re-10-000-with-b-100-1vqf8ngr.png FIG. 11. Snapshots of the attractor at Re = 10 000 with b = 100 000 at various Wi. At Wi = 6, the dynamics are strongly intermittent; (b) and (c), respectively, are snapshots from the low-amplitude (TS) and large amplitude (EIT) intervals. Format is the same as previous plots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-snapshots-of-the-attractor-at-re-10-000-in-a-box-of-4ysneb84.png FIG. 10. Snapshots of the attractor at Re = 10 000 in a box of size Lx = 31 at the indicated Wi. Contour plots follow the same format as previous figures. Note the compressed scale in x. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-dynamics-of-x-in-the-van-der-pol-type-system-described-1zox3ne9.png FIG. 9. Dynamics of x in the van der Pol–type system described by Eqs. (6) and (7) for = 0.01 at the indicated values of control parameter a. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-time-averaged-l2-norm-of-axx-vs-wi-of-the-three-saecyml4.png FIG. 1. (a) Time-averaged L2 norm of α̂xx vs Wi of the three solution branches identified in [15] at Re = 3000, Lx = 5. Snapshots corresponding to (b) 2D EIT at Wi = 13 (point A on the bifurcation diagram), (c) NNTSA at Wi = 3 (point B), and (d) VNTSA at Wi = 10 (point C). Shown are white contour lines of wall normal velocity, v̂, superimposed on color contours of xx component of polymer conformation tensor (α̂xx). Hereˆdenotes deviations from laminar base state. For point B, we also show the streamlines (blue) in a reference frame moving at the wave speed and the hyperbolic stagnation points (blue dots). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-instantaneous-axx-2-vs-time-at-re-10-000-in-the-tcftuuow.png FIG. 8. (a) Instantaneous ||α̂xx||2 vs time at Re = 10 000 in the shift-reflect symmetric subspace. Panels (b) and (c) are snapshots of the fluctuation structure of the TS (instant indicated by the black dot) and EIT (red dot) metastable states, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-axx-2-vs-wi-at-re-10-000-for-simulations-in-the-full-z1i53hzi.png FIG. 3. (a) ||α̂xx||2 vs Wi at Re = 10 000 for simulations in the full space and the shift-reflect subspace. Here, “A” indicates asymmetry in the attractor in the full space. The upper and lower blue symbols at Wi = 11 and 12 indicate averages over the two metastable states intermittently visited by the dynamics at these Wi values. (b)–(i) are snapshots of the fluctuation structure at the indicated Wi. https://scispace.com/papers/toll-optimisation-on-river-crossings-serving-large-cities-4h99lm1ieu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-route-catchment-areas-square-kilometres-with-and-3ndw9abf.png Table 1: Route catchment areas (square kilometres) with and without a central toll within the built up area. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameter-assumptions-used-for-scenarios-a-to-d-18hp1ve1.png Table 2 Parameter assumptions used for scenarios A to D. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-optimal-toll-results-for-scenarios-a-d-3jm8oy34.png Table 3: Optimal toll results for scenarios A-D https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-route-catchment-maps-based-on-different-1yixhkxq.png Figure 2: Examples of route catchment maps based on different toll values for a destination 150 degrees from due west between the inner and outer ring road: (a) no central toll; (b) central toll of £2.50. (See Table 1 for catchment area sizes.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-decomposition-of-wtp-into-user-benefits-social-5einkdu7.png Figure A.1: Decomposition of WTP into user benefits, social costs and toll revenues. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-effect-of-a-toll-on-traffic-with-and-without-2cag6zlm.png Figure 4: The effect of a toll on traffic, with and without congestion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-contour-plot-showing-the-destinations-in-the-3r5dcou2.png Figure 3: Contour plot showing the destinations in the northeast quadrant for which the new bridge will be the preferred route for the given percentage of the urban area (axes in kilometres) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-for-different-sectors-under-scenario-a-1nh3491w.png Table 4: Results for different sectors under scenario A https://scispace.com/papers/toltrazuril-and-sulphonamide-treatment-against-naturally-595wwa3gad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-economic-profit-based-on-mean-weight-gain-following-1gjf33dt.png Table 2 Economic profit based on mean weight gain following toltrazurin and sulfamethazine/trimethoprim treatment of piglets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-body-weight-and-daily-body-gain-standard-error-3nez4a4t.png Table 1 Mean body weight and daily body gain ( standard error) of treated piglets and untreated piglets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-prevalence-of-diarrhea-in-the-diff-92g3ro7p.png Fig. 1. Prevalence of diarrhea in the diff https://scispace.com/papers/toltrazuril-treatment-of-congenitally-acquired-neospora-2qu5bvs9fk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-antibody-response-of-pups-from-infected-dams-a-1f7non02.png Fig. 4 Antibody response of pups from infected dams. a Comparison of IgG levels between pups that became ill during the experiment and pups that were healthy at the end of the experiment. There was a significant difference between the two groups. b Comparison of IgG levels between diseased pups of different treatment groups. There was a significant difference between threetime-toltrazuril-treated pups and all other groups. c Comparison of the IgG1 level between diseased pups of different treatment groups. There was no difference between the two treatment groups. d Comparison of the IgG2a level between diseased pups of different treatment groups. There was a significant difference between three-time-toltrazuril-treated pups and all other groups. *p<0.05; significance hold true https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proportion-of-pcr-positive-pups-in-different-2jzj8ovd.png Table 2 Proportion of PCR-positive pups in different treatment groups https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-outbreak-of-disease-depended-on-the-age-of-pups-1n0le23s.png Fig. 3 Outbreak of disease depended on the age of pups. Outbreak of disease was defined when a pup died or became ill and was tested positive by Neospora PCR. There was a significant difference in the age when pups became ill between toltrazuril-treated and placebotreated pups. *p<0.05; significance hold true https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proportion-of-surviving-pups-proportions-were-94jinikw.png Fig. 2 Proportion of surviving pups. Proportions were calculated with Kaplan–Meier survival statistics. Untreated and cannibalized pups were excluded. Pups that died or became ill during the experiment were designated as failed, while healthy pups were designated as censored. Statistical differences were calculated with log-rank survival tests. Significant differences (*p<0.05) were found between the proportion of surviving of one-time-toltrazuril-treated and one-timeplacebo-treated pups, as well as three-time-toltrazuril- and three-timeplacebo-treated pups. No significant differences were observed between one-time-toltrazuril-treated and three-time-toltrazuril-treated pups, and also none between three-time-placebo-treated and one-timetoltrazuril-treated pups https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-delivering-dams-and-delivered-newborns-1fdjczbq.png Table 1 Number of delivering dams and delivered newborns https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-anti-n-caninum-igg-isotype-levels-of-infected-dams-as-2kj85108.png Fig. 1 Anti-N. caninum IgG isotype levels of infected dams as determined by ELISA, sera were sampled at 33 dpi. There was a significantly higher IgG2a level compared to IgG1 level in these dams. *p<0.05; significance hold true https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pharmacokinetic-of-toltrazuril-concentration-of-1kvh6nml.png Fig. 5 Pharmacokinetic of toltrazuril. Concentration of toltrazuril (a) and its major metabolite toltrazuril sulfone (b) were evaluated over time after three oral applications of toltrazuril. Measurements were performed using serum samples (closed squares) and brain tissues (open squares) of uninfected and treated newborn mice. Arrows indicate day of treatment. *p<0.05; significance hold true https://scispace.com/papers/tomato-spotted-wilt-orthotospovirus-influences-the-54tpn53k8f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-developmental-time-of-pre-adult-diagonal-texture-38njzjd7.png Figure 1. Developmental time of pre-adult (diagonal texture) and adult stages (blank texture) of Ivf03 and Spin-R strains of F. occidentalis as determined by the TSWV status (virus exposed or non-exposed) of the parental thrips. An asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference (one-way ANOVA, P 0.05). Values are means (± SE) of replicates. A minus sign (-) indicates non-exposed treatment and a plus sign (+) indicates virus exposed treatment. M represents male and F represents female. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-offspring-numbers-of-female-blank-texture-and-1ndsx7vv.png Figure 2. The offspring numbers of female (blank texture) and male (grid texture) in Ivf03, Spin-R, and Ned strains of F. occidentalis as determined by the TSWV status (virus exposed or non-exposed) of the parental thrips (in groups of 45 females and 15/45 males). An asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference in the number of thrips produced by virus exposed vs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-parental-fecundity-and-the-percentage-of-males-3vtyctl5.png Table 1. The parental fecundity and the percentage of males in the progeny of Ivf03 and Spin-R strains of F. occidentalis as determined by the TSWV status (virus exposed or non-exposed) of the parental thrips (one female and one male). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-numbers-of-offspring-female-blank-texture-and-hgepxngl.png Figure 6. Mean numbers of offspring female (blank texture) and male (grid texture) per mated female of F. occidentalis in the four cross pair treatments. Values are means (± SE) (n=20). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (one-way ANOVA, P 0.05). F and M indicate female and male thrips; (-) and (+) indicate TSWV-uninfected and TSWV-infected thrips, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-accumulated-percentage-of-re-mating-f-occidentalis-vh15bro9.png Figure 5. Accumulated percentage of re-mating F. occidentalis females in the four treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-percentage-of-males-in-the-progeny-of-ivf03-spin-jykk6efz.png Table 2. The percentage of males in the progeny of Ivf03, Spin-R, and Ned strains of F. occidentalis as determined by the status (virus exposed or non-exposed) of parental thrips (in groups of 45 females and 15 males). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-percentage-of-males-in-the-progeny-of-ivf03-spin-ubpikoi4.png Table 3. The percentage of males in the progeny of Ivf03, Spin-R, and Ned strains of F. occidentalis as determined by the status (virus exposed or non-exposed) of parental thrips (in groups of 45 females and 45 males). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-duration-of-pre-copulation-a-and-copulation-b-cx5oltbu.png Figure 4. The duration of pre-copulation (A) and copulation (B), and schematic drawings of the most prominent posture of behaviours involved in mating (C, D, E, F) of male and female of F. occidentalis in the four cross pair treatments. Statistical significance in A and B https://scispace.com/papers/tonal-prediction-of-a-faulty-axial-fan-2cfyc0h0qu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-faulty-fan-broken-blade-3spxp51d.png Fig. 10. Faulty fan: broken blade. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-calculated-red-and-experimental-blue-directivities-of-3ue4tn1u.png Fig. 9. Calculated (red) and experimental (blue) directivities of faultless fan in dB (a) order 7 (332.7 Hz), (b) order 14 (665.4 Hz) and (c) order 21 (998.2 Hz). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-materials-20qeyprr.png Fig. 4. Experimental materials. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-calculated-red-and-experimental-blue-directivities-of-2c2gjufp.png Fig. 11. Calculated (red) and experimental (blue) directivities of a broken blade fan in dB (a) order 7 (332.7 Hz), (b) order14 (665.4 Hz), (c) order 1 (47.5 Hz) and (d) order 2 (95 Hz). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-faulty-fan-clogged-mouth-suction-and-its-217rcjwi.png Fig. 12. Faulty fan: clogged mouth suction and its corresponding aerodynamic force. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-coordinate-system-fig-2-aerodynamics-force-3fu9bz5k.png Fig. 1. Coordinate system. Fig. 2. Aerodynamics force. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-calculated-red-and-experimental-blue-directivities-2p3xax8r.png Fig. 13. Calculated (red) and experimental (blue) directivities obstructed fan in dB (a) order 7 (332.7 Hz) and (b) order 14 (665.4 Hz). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-conditions-2oipfuo6.png Table 1 Experimental conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/tonantzitlolones-from-stillingia-lineata-ssp-lineata-as-18ydatn40x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-compounds-isolated-from-s-lineata-ssp-lineata-stem-16f1p5f4.png Fig. 1. Compounds isolated from S. lineata ssp. lineata stem bark: tonantzitlolone (1), 40-a dioxoisopimara-8,15-diene (4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-selected-cosy-bold-hmbc-blue-arrows-and-noesy-red-312rx9gm.png Fig. 3. Selected COSY (bold), HMBC (blue arrows) and NOESY (red arrows) correlations for structural elucidation of ent-12a-hydroxy-3,7-dioxoisopimara-8,15-diene (4). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1h-and-13c-nmr-spectroscopic-data-for-ent-12a-x38nmye2.png Table 2 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data for ent-12a-hydroxy-3,7-dioxoisopimara-8,15-diene (4) (in CDCl3, at 500 and 75 MHz, respectively). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-ortep-3-view-of-the-tonantzitlolone-a-1-ellipsoids-2wpcimnp.png Fig. 2. An ORTEP-3 view of the tonantzitlolone A (1). Ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1h-and-13c-nmr-spectroscopic-data-for-27i7pzs1.png Table 1 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data for tonantzitlolones (1–3) (in CDCl3, at 300 and 75 https://scispace.com/papers/tone-injection-based-cancellation-technique-for-nonlinear-3yujs7vjw9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tone-injection-experimental-cancellation-setup-1nlrxkth.png FIGURE 1 Tone-injection experimental cancellation setup block diagram [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-imd3-cancellation-example-of-a-random-noise-28l506s4.png FIGURE 4 IMD3 cancellation example of a random noise modulated signal with 1 MHz bandwidth. The blue trace represents the response without cancellation and the yellow trace the canceled response. IMD3, third-order intermodulation distortion [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-imd3-cancellation-example-of-a-random-noise-15igmv2x.png FIGURE 3 IMD3 cancellation example of a random noise modulated signal with a 100 kHz bandwidth. The blue trace represents the response without cancellation and the yellow trace the canceled response. IMD3, third-order intermodulation distortion [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-imd3-cancellation-example-of-a-two-tone-am-31pqspvj.png FIGURE 2 IMD3 cancellation example of a two-tone AM modulated signal with a 1 MHz bandwidth and modulation index of 0.3. The blue trace represents the response without cancellation and the yellow trace the canceled response. AM, amplitude modulated; IMD3, third-order intermodulation distortion [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/papers/tongue-reading-comparing-the-interpretation-of-visual-1aa4dujkd9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-to-right-comparison-of-typical-mid-sagittal-tsnd476h.png Figure 1: (left to right) comparison of typical mid-sagittal diagram, EPG, and ultrasound of [t]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-test-item-from-the-ultrasound-condition-13jgz067.png Figure 2: Example test item from the ultrasound condition. Videos were clickable. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-2-level-scoring-1j09r9pl.png Table 2: Comparison of 2-level scoring. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4a-group-results-of-consonants-in-epg-and-ultrasound-jejbcjh6.png Figure 4a: Group results of consonants in EPG and ultrasound ; Figure 4b: Group results of vowels in EPG and ultrasound https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-test-segments-3pcnd2ly.png Table 1: Test segments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-individual-results-with-chance-25-represented-by-a-1zk705jj.png Figure 3: Individual results with chance (25%) represented by a line. https://scispace.com/papers/tonic-gabaa-conductance-favors-temporal-over-rate-coding-in-ck8ps4bl6v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1tli3cxn.png Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-17zjd6ry.png Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-2u5ep487.png Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2lrijybh.png Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-tonic-gabaa-conductance-does-not-affect-ap-31dzsbzo.png Table 1. The tonic GABAA conductance does not affect AP properties in the soma of CA1 pyramidal neuron. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-tonic-gabaa-conductance-reduces-the-voltage-2wom8nqh.png Table 2. The tonic GABAA conductance reduces the voltage response and the Ca2+ transient induced by the EPSP burst to a greater extent than these responses induced by the bAP/EPSP pairing. https://scispace.com/papers/too-much-facebook-an-exploratory-examination-of-social-media-24ykg056ut 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-preferred-ict-f4c0mawa.png Table 2. Preferred ICT https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-standard-deviations-of-each-item-from-the-35dhogrb.png Table 1. Means and Standard Deviations of each item from the third section of the questionnaire https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mobile-platform-38slc5t1.png Table 3. Mobile Platform https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-network-connection-1y4q6hri.png Table 4. Network Connection https://scispace.com/papers/tonotopic-gradients-of-eph-family-proteins-in-the-chick-5c4crif406 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-epha4-immunolabeling-in-nucleus-laminaris-nl-at-e11-18s1f5vl.png Figure 2 EphA4 immunolabeling in nucleus laminaris (NL) at E11. (A) Parasagittal section from an E11 embryo stained for Nissl showing the location of NL (HF, high frequency; LF, low frequency). (B) Section adjacent to that shown in (A), labeled with an antibody specific for EphA4. EphA4 is localized to cell bodies and dorsal neuropil. The arrow in both panels indicates the line of cell bodies in NL. Arrowheads in (A) and (B) indicate the position along NL where EphA4 immunoreactivity drops below detection level. Scale bar, 100 m. (C,D) Enlarged view of indicated neuropil areas labeled with EphA4 along the tonotopic axis of NL. The gradient in intensity of label is evident. (E,F) Optical density (OD) measurements describing EphA4 immunolabeling along the tonotopic axis of NL at E10–11. (E) OD measurements describing EphA4 immunolabeling in dorsal neuropil (DNP) of NL at E10–11. Each point indicates OD normalized to the mean of a compartment along the DNP. R2 0.522, p 0.001. (F) OD measurements describing immunolabeling in NL somata at E10–11. R2 0.358, p 0.0001. Filled circles (●), open circles (E), and open squares ( ) represent different animals. OD is normalized to the mean (see Materials and Methods). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ephrin-b2-immunolabeling-along-the-length-of-2fpskmq7.png Figure 4 Ephrin-B2 immunolabeling along the length of nucleus laminaris (NL) at E11. (A) Ephrin-B2 is expressed in cell bodies of NL and in high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF) regions of the nucleus. Expression is more intense in the HF region. Label is also observed in axons innervating NL cells and in the cells outside the neuropil zone of NL (arrowheads), which contains glial cells. The ventral glial region has a tonotopic decrease in Ephrin-B2 immunolabeling intensity. Scale bar, 100 m. (B) High magnification of image outlined in (A) highlighting the cell bodies of NL with the most pronounced immunolabeling. Scale bar, 20 m. (C) High magnification of image outlined in (A) highlighting the labeled axons that emerge from nucleus magnocellularis (NM) and innervate NL cells. Scale bar, 20 m. (D–F) Intensity of ephrin-B2 immunolabeling was quantified by calculating optical density (OD). Graphs plot normalized OD for somata, dorsal glia (Dglia), and ventral glia (Vglia). Symbols represent different animals. (D) Densitometry measurements describing ephrin-B2 immunolabeling in somata along the entire length of NL. The HF 70% contains a strong monotonic decrease described by a linear regression model. R2 0.767, p 0.0001. (E) Normalized OD for ephrin-B2 expression levels in the Dglia region. No consistent trend was seen in these measurements. R2 0.14, p 0.017. (F) Normalized OD measurements for the Vglia region show a strong trend of decreasing ephrin-B2 immunolabeling in areas immediately ventral to the neuropil layer NL. R2 0.491, p 0.0001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-b-microtubule-associated-protein-2-map2-2563mlio.png Figure 1 (A,B) Microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) immunolabeling in dendrites along the tonotopic axis of nucleus laminaris (NL) in paraffin sections. (A) Parasagittal section from E11 chick embryo. MAP2 is expressed in dorsal and ventral neuropil of NL, while the line of cell bodies in NL lacks expression. High frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF) regions are indicated. (B) MAP2 expression in E15 chick embryo along the tonotopic axis of NL. Both dorsal and ventral regions are immunolabeled. Note broadening of labeled region in the low frequency end of NL in both (A) and (B); this expansion corresponds with larger dendritic arbors in this region. Scale bar, 50 m. (C,D) Densitometric analysis of MAP2 staining at E12 and E15. The abscissa represents the position along the length of NL from HF to LF. The ordinate displays optical density (OD) normalized to the mean for each section analyzed. Analysis was performed on images captured with a 40 objective. (C) OD of MAP2 stain in E11–12 tissue. (D) OD of E14–15 EphA4 immunolabeling. Filled circles (●) represent dorsal neuropil; open squares ( ) represent ventral neuropil. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-epha4-immunolabeling-in-nucleus-laminaris-nl-at-e14-386uowvs.png Figure 3 EphA4 immunolabeling in nucleus laminaris (NL) at E14–15. (A) E14 tissue in the parasagittal plane stained for Nissl (HF, high frequency; LF, low frequency). (B) E14 tissue from a section adjacent to that shown in (A) immunolabeled for EphA4. There EphA4 immunolabeling appears intense in somata, dorsal neuropil (DNP), and ventral neuropil (VNP). Scale bar, 100 m. (C–E) Optical density (OD) measurements for DNP, somata, and VNP at E14–15 representing intensity of EphA4 immunolabeling. (C) Immunolabeling in NL somata is quantified. (D) OD in dorsal neuropil, and (E) ventral neuropil. In all graphs, the position along NL is represented on the abscissa from high to low frequencies. Filled circles (●), open circles (E), and open squares ( ) represent different animals. OD is normalized to the mean (see Materials and Methods). https://scispace.com/papers/too-pale-and-stale-prescribed-texts-used-for-teaching-1uvlo3nxws 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-area-of-study-texts-into-timeframes-1sq0vbcr.png Table 2. Area of study texts into timeframes https://scispace.com/papers/toolbox-for-in-vivo-imaging-of-host-parasite-interactions-at-4gp6cgggvw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-key-examples-of-organs-and-parasites-by-ivm-table-361ov5pc.png Table 2 Key examples of organs and parasites by IVM. Table includes key examples for each parasite and organ rather than an exhaustive coverage. Green – IVM exists; yellow – organ relevant, but IVM never done; Grey – IVM not done. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bioluminescence-imaging-probes-bioluminescence-o3sudpub.png Figure 2 Bioluminescence imaging probes Bioluminescence probes commonly used in in vivo imaging include Gaussia luciferase, NanoLuc, Renilla luciferase, click beetle luciferase (and its red- and green-shifted forms), red-shifted firefly luciferases, railroad worm luciferases, and novel probes with bright luminescence to image deep into tissues such as AkaBLI and Antares/Antares2. Isolated from different organisms, these probes have a varied range of molecular weights and maximum peak of emission wavelengths as schematically illustrated here, allowing for dual luminescence systems to be used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-x-ray-based-and-positron-emission-tomography-pet-3i956ur4.png Figure 5. X-Ray-Based and Positron Emission Tomography (PET)-Based Imaging. (A) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-optical-projection-tomography-and-selective-plane-1cciq590.png Figure 1 Optical projection tomography and selective plane illumination microscopy (A) Principle of OPT. The optically cleared specimen is embedded in agarose, attached to a metallic cylinder within a rotating stage, and suspended in an index-matching liquid to reduce scattering and heterogeneities of refractive index throughout the specimen. When the specimen is rotated to a series of angular positions, images are captured at each orientation. The setup is aligned to ensure that the axis of rotation is perpendicular to the optical axis, so that straight line projections going through the sample can be generated, and collected by pixels on the CCD of the camera. (B) Principle of LSFM. The optically cleared sample is embedded in agarose, and suspended within a sample holder inside an index-matching liquid. A thin (nm – um) slice of the sample is illuminated perpendicularly to the direction of observation. Scanning is performed using a plane of light, which allows very fast image acquisition. (C) Surface rendering model of isolated infected fly guts. The intestinal tissue is visualised by autofluorescence (grey). The PM is stained https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-magnetic-resonance-imaging-of-the-brain-ivqaprud.png Figure 4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the brain https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-imaging-scales-and-current-potential-applications-in-3h53w6zu.png Table 1 Imaging scales and current/potential applications in parasitology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optoacoustic-microscopy-setup-and-imaging-of-the-2xa4cozz.png Figure 3 Optoacoustic microscopy setup and imaging of the brain (A) Optoacoustic (OA) microscopy setup (acoustical resolution). The laser illumination induces thermo-elastic pressure waves in the sample and triggers signal acquisition (photodetector). The generated pressure wave (red) is collected by the acoustic lens and directed to the US transducer. (B) OA microscopic image of the brain of a healthy mouse shows clearly distinguishable hemispheres (C) the same image of a mouse infected with Plasmodium (5 days after infection) shows chaotic structure of the vasculature. https://scispace.com/papers/toolkit-support-for-integrating-physical-and-digital-3vz5cuovck 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-inheritance-hierarchy-for-phobproducers-kotss9jf.png Figure 5. The inheritance hierarchy for PhobProducers. Producers are paired with InputDevices; they take input from a device and generate PhobEvents. The abstract PhobProducer base class manages the event listeners and the production of events. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-inheritance-hierarchy-for-associations-38qshwrx.png Figure 7. The inheritance hierarchy for associations. Associations are the elements in the Papier-Mâché architecture that input is bound to. These elements can either be nouns or actions. The Papier-Mâché library includes five common media manipulation actions, and four common types of nouns. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-task-completion-times-and-lines-of-code-for-2z0ikkjl.png Figure 11. The task completion times and lines of code for the seven users in the Papier-Mâché laboratory study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-inheritance-hierarchy-for-physical-input-1yr30vsj.png Figure 4. The inheritance hierarchy for physical input devices. Each device class encapsulates a physical input. The InputDevice is a marker interface: it is an interface class that contains no methods. Classes implement the marker interface to denote that they represent a physical device. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-inheritance-hierarchy-for-factories-objects-v6b3eef4.png Figure 6. The inheritance hierarchy for factories: objects that create AssociationElts from Phob input. The top level is the AssociationFactory interface. The middle level is the DefaultAssociationFactory abstract class; this class provides the ability to be VisuallyAuthorable and the ability to serialize to XML using JAXB. https://scispace.com/papers/tools-agency-and-the-category-of-living-things-4t6i9yh7sa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-nuaulu-sago-processing-apparatus-lcfxodbi.png Figure 4. Nuaulu sago-processing apparatus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-nuaulu-sacred-shield-egkeye2w.png Figure 3. A Nuaulu sacred shield. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-treadle-operated-coconut-grater-used-in-the-nuaulu-3cr6ncow.png Figure 5. Treadle-operated coconut grater used in the Nuaulu village of Rouhua. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-edmund-leachs-1964-version-of-the-english-1vjtijdj.png Figure 7. Edmund Leach’s (1964) version of the English classification of nature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-series-of-nuaulu-asunaete-cuscus-phalanger-skewers-97xu6n9j.png Figure 1. Series of Nuaulu asunaete: cuscus (Phalanger) skewers planted as an offering to ancestral spirits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-american-english-tool-taxonomy-after-brown-et-al-336qmtwm.png Figure 8. American English ‘tool’ taxonomy (after Brown et al. 1976: 78) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tobelo-taxonomy-of-biotic-forms-based-on-semantic-312r3yct.png Figure 6. Tobelo taxonomy of ‘biotic forms’ based on semantic componential analysis (Taylor 1990: 48) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-using-a-nuaulu-sago-pounder-ks8n9a6v.png Figure 2. Using a Nuaulu sago pounder. https://scispace.com/papers/toolkit-design-for-interactive-structured-graphics-1jiydhlit1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-screen-shot-of-scatter-plot-example-3gs7lfb1.png Fig. 11. Screen shot of scatter plot example. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-rendering-speed-for-a-tight-custom-loop-piccolo-and-348w77mg.png TABLE 4 Rendering Speed for a Tight Custom Loop, Piccolo, and Jazz for 10,000 Rectangles with Four Different Scene Graph Structures https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-scene-graph-manipulation-times-for-piccolo-and-jazz-tefmrpm8.png TABLE 5 Scene Graph Manipulation Times for Piccolo and Jazz https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-class-hierarchy-of-a-gui-toolkit-left-and-a-structured-3svle2z5.png Fig. 1. Class hierarchy of a GUI toolkit (left) and a structured-graphics toolkit (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-class-hierarchy-of-a-typical-3d-graphics-toolkit-39cmpzs3.png Fig. 2. Class hierarchy of a typical 3D graphics toolkit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-runtime-object-structure-in-a-typical-piccolo-1ubnzm26.png Fig. 10. Runtime object structure in a typical Piccolo application. This is the same scene that is represented by the Jazz scene graph of Fig. 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-screen-shots-from-the-calendar-example-during-an-1g0d0dpy.png Fig. 14. Screen shots from the calendar example during an animated transition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-screen-shot-and-scene-graph-for-piccolo-sjvfxpzu.png Fig. 12. Screen shot and scene graph for Piccolo implementation of the range slider. https://scispace.com/papers/tools-for-domain-based-policy-management-of-distributed-79xcb8m848 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-user-role-management-tool-figure-11-user-role-v9hbskej.png Figure 10 User-Role Management Tool Figure 11 User-Role Management Steps https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-compiler-framework-1mfwveyn.png Figure 6 Compiler Framework https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-management-console-tool-1fen8lbt.png Figure 9 The Management Console Tool https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-policy-editor-14a0vkeh.png Figure 7 Policy Editor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-partial-domain-structure-3i3ae5uu.png Figure 1 Partial Domain Structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-management-system-architecture-figure-3-policy-3v5gy4cl.png Figure 2 Management System Architecture Figure 3 Policy Management Cycle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-managing-the-policy-life-cycle-5dhwxiuk.png Figure 8 Managing the Policy Life-Cycle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-domain-browser-figure-5-focusing-a-sub-tree-1vedlrhe.png Figure 4 Domain Browser Figure 5 Focusing a sub-tree https://scispace.com/papers/tools-for-user-interaction-in-immersive-environments-3jwb0nmptp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustrations-of-some-of-the-demos-to-be-shown-1co7xvm4.png Fig. 1. Illustrations of some of the demos to be shown https://scispace.com/papers/tooth-replacement-options-for-partially-dentate-older-adults-545jea93tm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-survival-analysis-using-cox-proportional-hazards-22rd5ano.png Table 5 Survival analysis using Cox proportional hazards model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-three-year-success-rates-according-to-treatment-150ve2zl.png Table 3 Three year success rates according to treatment group, Kennedy Classification https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-treatment-groups-1analyses-using-1pb49mhp.png Table 2 Characteristics of treatment groups (1Analyses using Mann-Whitney U and Chisquared tests) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-success-rates-for-treatment-groups-after-9haugq1r.png Table 4 Summary of success rates for treatment groups after 3 years including https://scispace.com/papers/top-down-definition-of-design-spaces-based-on-skeleton-o868bz2g2z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-case-study-vice-and-parts-list-of-the-case-study-23zy5ixe.png Fig. 3. Case study : vice and parts list of the case study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-enriched-flowchart-of-the-proposed-approach-15rr3iwb.png Fig. 2. Enriched flowchart of the proposed approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-incubator-concept-jyjumz00.png Fig. 1. Incubator concept. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-definition-process-of-design-spaces-models-201mwdxo.png Fig. 5. Definition process of design spaces models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-definition-process-of-a-minimal-skeleton-model-1al7c96s.png Fig. 4. Definition process of a minimal skeleton model. https://scispace.com/papers/top-down-induction-of-model-trees-with-regression-and-1q8hhivv4i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-data-sets-used-in-the-empirical-evaluation-of-smoti-2umv3w90.png TABLE 3 Data Sets Used in the Empirical Evaluation of SMOTI https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-scatter-plot-of-20-cases-the-values-of-the-only-37y3ntad.png Fig. 1. (a) Scatter plot of 20 cases; the values of the only independent variable range between -1.0 and 2.0. A simple linear regression on the whole data set would give the dashed line. (b) The underlying model tree partitions the training cases into two subgroups: X 0:4 and X > 0:4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-systems-comparison-1em9qbty.png TABLE 1 Systems Comparison https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-running-time-on-artificial-data-sets-experiments-are-gro9h50v.png Fig. 4. Running time on artificial data sets. Experiments are performed on a PentiumIII PC-366MHz running Windows 98. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-a-theoretical-model-tree-of-depth-4-used-in-the-znjb0eei.png Fig. 3. (a) A theoretical model tree of depth 4 used in the experiments, (b) the model tree induced by SMOTI from one of the cross-validated training sets, and (c) the corresponding model tree built by M5’ for the same data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-a-continuous-split-node-t-with-two-straight-line-vsuw8tk0.png Fig. 2. (a) A continuous split node t with two straight-line regression models in the leaves. (b) A discrete split node t with two straight-line regression models in the leaves. (c) Evaluation of a regression step at node t, based on the best splitting test below. https://scispace.com/papers/top-down-modulation-of-stimulus-drive-via-beta-gamma-cross-3itrshem9n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ljc-analysis-the-solid-red-curve-shows-the-ljc-2vwot5q6.png Figure 8. LJC analysis. The solid red curve shows the LJC between 7A-to-V1 beta GC and V1-to-V4 gamma GC, averaged over triplets, then over monkeys. The blue dashed line denotes the significance threshold ( p 0.05, two-tailed nonparametric randomization test, corrected for multiple comparisons across lags). The green vertical line indicates the lag of the maximum LJC value, with 1 SEM indicated in red. The lag of the peak LJC value was significantly different from zero (t(10,663) 7.576, p 0.001, two-tailed). Solid gray curve: LJC between 7Ato-V1 gamma GC and V1-to-V4 beta GC, averaged over triplets, then over monkeys, which showed no significant peaks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-behavioral-task-and-recording-locations-a-the-task-1sityae8.png Figure 1. Behavioral task and recording locations. A, The task commenced with a fixation period followed by presentation of two differently colored stimuli. The fixation point color then indicated the visual stimulus to covertly attend in either the visual hemifield ipsilateral (attend-ipsi) or contralateral (attend-contra) to the recording grid. The presentation timings for each monkey are shown as a timeline. B, Recording sites for areas V1 and V2 (red), V4 (blue), and 7A (yellow) from monkey K (light gray spheres) and monkey P (black spheres), coregistered to a common macaque template. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-triplet-based-on-average-7a-to-v1-gc-and-average-v1-is17e469.png Figure 6. Triplet based on average 7A-to-V1 GC and average V1-to-V4 GC: Median split, correlation across binned epochs, and JC. A–C, Same format as Figure 5A–C, but for a triplet formed by the average 7A-to-V1 GC jackknife replications and the average V1-to-V4 GC jackknife replications, per monkey, and then averaged over monkeys. D, Left, 7A beta-band power spectra after median split by 7A-to-V1 beta GC jackknife replications. Solid lines: before stratification; dashed lines: after stratification. Right, Same as A (right) but after stratification for 7A beta power. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-power-spectra-and-phase-locking-ppc-spectra-during-gnpcnsm0.png Figure 2. Power spectra and phase locking (PPC) spectra during visual stimulation. V4 (A, B), V1 (C, D), and 7A (E, F ) power spectra averaged over all respective site pairs of monkey K (A, C, E) and monkey P (B, D, F ). Power values at each frequency were multiplied by that frequency value to reduce the 1/f component. G–J, LFP-LFP PPC for V1–V4 (G, H ) and V1–7A (I, J ), for monkey K (G, I ) and monkey P (H, J ), respectively. Error regions show 1 SEM over sites or site pairs. Frequencies from 45 to 55 Hz were omitted due to line-noise pollution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-over-all-triplets-and-both-monkeys-median-2wtg5uja.png Figure 5. Average over all triplets and both monkeys: Median split, correlation across binned epochs, and JC. A–C, Same format as Figure 4A–C, but averaging over all triplets and both monkeys after aligning to their individual beta and gamma peak frequencies. D, Probability distribution across triplets of JC values between 7A-to-V1 beta GC and V1-to-V4 gamma GC, averaged over monkeys. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-triplet-median-split-correlation-across-2qvvg42f.png Figure 4. Example triplet: Median split, correlation across binned epochs, and JC. A, Left, 7A-to-V1 GC for epochs median split by the V1-to-V4 gamma GC jackknife replications. Right, V1-to-V4 GC for epochs median split by the 7A-to-V1 beta GC jackknife replications. Gray background shading indicates significant differences ( p 0.05, two-tailed nonparametric randomization test, corrected for multiple comparisons across frequencies). Inset brackets denote the minimum separation required for significance. B, The correlation between 7A-to-V1 beta GC and V1-to-V4 gamma GC for the sorted data divided into 5, 10, 50, or 100 bins, and without binning. Corresponding p values for each correlation coefficient are shown below with a dashed line marking p 0.05. C, The four colored panels show JC for the selected 7A-to-V1-to-V4 triplet. The frequencies of 7A-to-V1 GC are shown on the vertical axis; the frequencies of V1-to-V4 GC are shown on the horizontal axis. The frequency ranges 1–50 Hz and 51–100 Hz are shown separately because they required slightly different spectral analyses (see Materials and Methods). Nonsignificant regions are partially masked by white ( p 0.001, two-tailed nonparametric randomization test, corrected for multiple comparisons across both frequency axes). The line plots at the bottom show the GC spectrum for the corresponding V1-to-V4 site pair. The line plots to the left show the GC spectrum for the corresponding 7A-to-V1 site pair. Dashed lines mark the top-down beta GC spectral peak and the bottom-up gamma GC spectral peak. https://scispace.com/papers/top-k-typicality-queries-and-efficient-query-answering-3sxx05vi8a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-answer-to-a-top-2-representative-typicality-query-1j3nt9vc.png Fig. 3 The answer to a top-2 representative typicality query on a set of points https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-approximation-quality-of-answering-top-k-3u3cos46.png Fig. 10 Approximation quality of answering top-k discriminative typicality queries https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-approximation-quality-of-answering-top-k-simple-3f7x2tlm.png Fig. 9 Approximation quality of answering top-k simple typicality queries https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cluster-centroids-and-typical-objects-3r4tps6q.png Fig. 5 Cluster centroids and typical objects https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-approximation-quality-of-answering-top-k-1g4076vp.png Fig. 11 Approximation quality of answering top-k representative typicality queries https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-error-rates-of-using-different-kernel-functions-2n2yr45t.png Fig. 12 The error rates of using different kernel functions with respect to k https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-error-rates-of-using-different-bandwidth-values-35qu98pg.png Fig. 13 The error rates of using different bandwidth values with respect to k https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-most-representatively-typical-and-the-most-3fyv0i09.png Table 4 The most representatively typical and the most typical animals https://scispace.com/papers/top-incomes-and-human-well-being-evidence-from-the-gallup-3co2l6h9ir 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-from-the-fixed-effects-filtered-positive-1t3ngp33.png Table 2: Estimates from the Fixed Effects Filtered Positive and Negative Emotional Experience Model: The Gallup World Poll, 2005-2014 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-descriptive-statistics-the-gallup-world-poll-2006-1w1erg6v.png Table 2: Estimates from the Fixed Effects Filtered Positive and Negative Emotional Experience Model: The Gallup World Poll, 2005-2014 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4a-estimates-from-the-fixed-effects-filtered-life-2v50g97q.png Table 4A: Estimates from the Fixed Effects Filtered Life Evaluation Model by Subsamples https://scispace.com/figures/table-1a-average-top-income-shares-and-subjective-well-being-3kzu0p20.png Table 1A: Average Top Income Shares and Subjective Well-Being by Country https://scispace.com/figures/table-3a-first-stage-fef-estimates-1glonfom.png Table 3A: First-stage FEF estimates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-income-shares-and-standardised-life-evaluation-2rtf36kr.png Figure 1: Top Income Shares and Standardised Life Evaluation https://scispace.com/papers/top-predators-govern-multitrophic-diversity-effects-in-2afojfxg6k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-caption-next-page-2qd4vs5z.png Figure 4: (Caption next page.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relative-importance-of-the-different-model-vq28gmeh.png Figure 6: Relative importance of the different model parameters (see Table 1 on determining the biomasses and CVs of the different trophic levels. The relative importance quantifies how important the value of a certain parameter is to accurately predict the desired quantity, and they sum up to 1. The higher the relative importance of a parameter, the more relevant it is to make a prediction. In these graphs, the model parameters are ordered by their mean importance for each group of quantities (biomasses and CVs); for each parameter, the individual bars are ordered by trophic level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-name-and-meaning-of-the-parameters-that-were-used-in-3muh29ku.png Table 1: Name and meaning of the parameters that were used in the study, along with the range from which they were sampled. For example, the nutrient inflow concentration N0 was randomly sampled from the interval [1/2,2] ⋅ 1120 ≈ [560,2240]µgN/l. In this table, B-I refers to the functional response between the Basal (B) and the Intermediate (I) trophic level, and I-T to the Intermediate and Top (T) level. The bottom three parameters were kept at fixed values. https://scispace.com/figures/figures-3-5-are-partial-dependence-graphs-revealing-how-d9hx25j8.png Figures 3-5 are partial dependence graphs revealing how trait differences on the basal (∆B), intermediate (∆I), and top (∆T ) level affect the quantity of interest. Such partial dependence graphs are calculated from the Random Forest model trained on the food web data, and show the average value of the quantity of interest, independent of all other model parameters (see Methods). This presentation allows us to concisely capture the full behavior of all food webs, as they each occupy a certain location in the partial dependency graphs (Figure 2). A concise summary of our main findings is presented in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-overview-of-the-8-different-food-webs-2efq121h.png Figure 1: Schematic overview of the 8 different food webs compared in this study, which differ by the trophic levels (B for basal, I for intermediate, and T for top) on which diversity is possible (indicated above). In this way, chain refers to the linear chain which contains no diversity, B to the food web on which only the basal level is diverse, etc., and finally BIT denotes the food web which contains diversity on all trophic levels. The thickness of the connections between the nodes illustrates the comparative intensity of the trophic interaction, which is determined by the amount of diversity, or the trait difference, between the species on each trophic level (∆B, ∆I , and ∆T ). Each of these food webs are analyzed as general as possible, with independently varying amounts of trait differences and parameters drawn randomly from biologically plausible intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pictorial-representation-of-the-location-of-the-1lynsuug.png Figure 2: Pictorial representation of the location of the different food webs (Figure 1) in the partial dependence graphs in Figures 3-5. On the left-side graph (∆T = 0, i.e., no diversity at the top level), the chain is on the point (0,0) (∆B = ∆I = 0), the B food web is located on the line ∆I = 0, the I food web is located on the line ∆B = 0, and the BI web is located in the plane where both ∆B and ∆I are non-zero. Similarly, on the right-side graph where ∆T > 0 (either low or high in Figs. 3-5), the T web is located on the point (0,0) (∆B = ∆I = 0), the BT food web is located on the line ∆I = 0, the IT food web is located on the line ∆B = 0, and finally the BIT web is located in the plane where ∆B, ∆I , and ∆T are non-zero. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-oob-scores-estimating-the-accuracy-of-the-random-22dmtheg.png Table 3: OOB scores estimating the accuracy of the random forest model, for all outcome quantities. An OOB score of 1 represents a perfect model prediction, whereas an OOB score of 0 means that the model is as accurate as simply predicting the mean outcome value every time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-caption-next-page-3jpiaw7i.png Figure 5: (Caption next page.) https://scispace.com/papers/top-pair-production-in-the-dilepton-decay-channel-with-a-tau-1hk01layp2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-6-tau-identi-cation-requirements-28on8dnn.png Table 4.6: Tau identi cation requirements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-23-the-ratio-between-the-mean-value-computed-with-3fqfrhbd.png Figure 5.23: The ratio between the mean value computed with Jet 20 samples in periods from 1 to 4 and from 11 to 13. On the left, the result for 1 prong taus, and on the right, 3 prong taus, where the mean value is computed from the leading and subleading samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-22-the-ratio-between-the-mean-value-computed-with-34cn53p9.png Figure 5.22: The ratio between the mean value computed with Tower 5 samples in periods from 1 to 4 and from 11 to 13. On the left, the result for 1 prong taus, and on the right, 3 prong taus, where the mean value is computed from the leading and subleading samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3-summary-of-the-main-characteristics-of-the-cdf-ii-2qwsom07.png Table 2.3: Summary of the main characteristics of the CDF II calorimeter system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-6-summary-of-the-extrapolation-ts-of-svx-l0-aann3x97.png Figure 3.6: Summary of the extrapolation ts of SVX-L0 depletion voltage using data up to 6.9 fb−1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-6-distributions-of-the-variable-ln-lr-for-events-2utikdps.png Figure 8.6: Distributions of the variable ln(LR) for events from top pair decay into electron plus hadronic tau, di-tau with one electron from tau decay and single electron mode. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-12-trigger-requirements-for-the-muon-cmup18-path-tag-14g4nkru.png Table A.12: Trigger requirements for the MUON_CMUP18 path, tag 11. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-11-trigger-requirements-for-the-electron-central-18-c9jugc9z.png Table A.11: Trigger requirements for the ELECTRON_CENTRAL_18 path, tag 13. https://scispace.com/papers/top-quark-production-at-atlas-2hcm4kvwfg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-single-top-cross-section-measurements-5d05bqt3.png Table 1:Summary of single top cross-section measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-measuredf-q0-compared-with-the-acermc-9i1biutl.png Figure 2: The measuredf (Q0) compared with the ACERMC prediction increased and decreased ISR https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summary-of-atlas-measurements-of-thett-production-g0h7055p.png Figure 1:summary of ATLAS measurements of thett̄ production cross-section compared to the theoretical expectation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-azimuthal-angle-between-leptons-distribution-used-jh234d8l.png Figure 3:Azimuthal angle between leptons distribution used for the measurement of the spin correlation in thett̄ production. https://scispace.com/papers/topics-in-carbohydrate-stereochemistry-2bhrofjaqo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-exchange-of-the-hydrogen-atoms-of-inositol-at-2f8vh3e0.png Fig. 4. The exchange of the hydrogen atoms (%) of —inositol at 60° versus time (hours). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-electrophoretic-fig-3-comparison-of-f-33lmcya7.png Fig. 2. Comparison of electrophoretic Fig. 3. Comparison of F values on calcium mobilities in calcium acetate with rela— t.l.c. plates with values on lantha— https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hydrogen-remaining-in-various-positions-of-some-34t4h257.png TABLE 1. Hydrogen (%) remaining in various positions of some carbohydrates https://scispace.com/papers/topical-themes-from-the-oberkampf-textile-manufactory-jouy-2jglso3bpd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-elevation-du-reveillon-au-chateau-de-la-muette-le-3qhtz8r3.png FIGURE 8 Elévation du Réveillon au Château de la Muette, le 11 novembre 1783, November 23, 1783, engraving. Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Département des Estampes et de la Photographie, Paris. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-liberte-americaine-attrib-to-jean-baptiste-huet-yfp2fan9.png FIGURE 10 Liberté américaine, attrib. to Jean-Baptiste Huet, 1784. Printed cotton, repeat 101 x 89 cm. Musée de la Toile de Jouy. Photo: Marc Walter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-untitled-anonymous-drawing-1778-graphite-with-pink-knptk3fp.png FIGURE 20 Untitled anonymous drawing, 1778. Graphite with pink and white gouache, 104 x 93.5 cm. Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Cabinet des Dessins, Paris. Photo: author. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-meuble-egyptien-ou-dessin-egyptien-attrib-to-jean-hokt7d9n.png FIGURE 16 Meuble égyptien ou dessin égyptien, attrib. to Jean-Baptiste Huet, 1807. Printed cotton, repeat 52 x 95 cm. Musée de la Toile de Jouy. Photo: Marc Walter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-untitled-drawing-attrib-to-jean-baptiste-huet-1783-1nm7x2jf.png FIGURE 22 Untitled drawing, attrib. to Jean-Baptiste Huet, 1783. Ink and gray wash on paper, 102.5 x 92 cm. Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Cabinet des Dessins, Paris. Photo: author. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-elevation-du-globe-aerostatique-de-mm-charles-et-3fhq9347.png FIGURE 6 Elévation du globe aérostatique de MM. Charles et Robert au jardin des Tuileries, le 1er décembre 1783, c. 1783-1784, engraving. Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Département des Estampes et de la Photographie, Paris. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-le-tombeau-de-jean-jacques-rousseau-1779-printed-21vv34pj.png FIGURE 21 Le Tombeau de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 1779. Printed cotton, 95 x 93 cm. Musée de la Toile de Jouy. Photo: Marc Walter. https://scispace.com/papers/topical-organization-of-user-comments-and-application-to-49q80unbri 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-clustering-algorithms-average-values-1ndr1kgg.png Table 1: Comparison of clustering algorithms. Average values of the entropy of intra-cluster term frequencies (TE), per article inter-cluster overlap between top-5 terms (TO), entropy of topic sizes (CE), and fraction of comments assigned a topic (COV). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-improvement-over-ca-in-predicting-user-preferences-1xt5vbig.png Table 2: Improvement (over CA) in predicting user preferences using ensemble methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-observations-from-the-pilot-study-p-values-computed-32nuz0wn.png Figure 3: Observations from the pilot study. P-values computed for 1-sided χ2 statistical significance test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-different-recommendation-schemes-12umb99p.png Figure 2: Different recommendation schemes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-recommending-content-in-the-context-of-user-3b6xmznv.png Figure 1: Recommending content in the context of user comments. https://scispace.com/papers/top-physics-measurement-of-the-ttbar-production-cross-ishoskhk7o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-ratio-of-the-observed-rate-of-tags-to-that-29wcx7uf.png FIG. 11: The ratio of the observed rate of tags to that predicted, as a function of HT in region C for events with one or more jets. The arrow at 200 GeV shows where the selection cut for the tt̄ signal sample is placed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-fqcd-measured-according-to-equation-5-as-a-function-39b1t289.png FIG. 12: FQCD measured according to Equation 5 as a function of HT in electron events (top) and muon events (bottom) with (left to right) 1, 2 or ≥ 3 jets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-the-expected-background-and-observed-tags-in-w-1-2-3-1m06a27d.png FIG. 14: The expected background and observed tags in W+ 1, 2, 3 and 4 or more jet events. The background is corrected for the tt̄ content of the pretagged sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ht-distributions-normalized-to-unity-for-tt-solid-line-3uvaigvo.png FIG. 2: HT distributions, normalized to unity, for tt̄ (solid line) and W+jets (dotted line) PYTHIA Monte Carlo events with three or more jets after the event selection described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-comparison-of-the-jet-et-distributions-for-tagged-16kd4bnl.png FIG. 15: Comparison of the jet ET distributions for tagged events and for expectations from fakes, QCD and tt̄ events. The upper plot is for W+1 and 2 jet events and the lower plot for W+ ≥ 3 jet events. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-left-distribution-of-l-from-j-ps-decays-right-the-slt-1ichknnr.png FIG. 5: Left: distribution of L from J/ψ decays. Right: the SLT efficiency as a function of the |L| cut, as measured from J/ψ decay. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-pt-distribution-of-muons-from-b-hadron-decays-in-15a76e9w.png FIG. 6: PT distribution of muons from b hadron decays in PYTHIA Monte Carlo top events. The circles are all muons from b hadron decays. The triangles are direct B → µνX decays and the squares are sequential B → D → µνX. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-ratio-of-the-number-of-observed-tags-to-tags-1hlc3iz5.png FIG. 10: The ratio of the number of observed tags to tags predicted using the tag matrix, as a function of E/T , in events with at least one jet with measured energy above 20 GeV. https://scispace.com/papers/topics-in-structural-chemistry-through-after-dinner-humor-24u998cbcf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pioneers-dorothy-crowfoot-hodgkin-with-whom-jack-3pn6wtuw.png Figure 7. Pioneers: Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, with whom Jack Dunitz spent a momentous postdoctoral, seen with her Chinese chaperones at a Conference in Beijing, 1986. See www.iucr.org/gallery, 1986, for more pictures from the author’s personal archives. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-the-original-169-molecule-acetic-acid-crystal-pe3yjtkr.png Figure 4. Left: the original 169-molecule acetic acid crystal cluster; hydrogen bonding is in chains (the catemer motif). Right: after 5 million MC steps. Some of the molecules in this completely disordered system have gone back to the favorite double-cyclic motif (pairs highlighted in yellow). Note the considerable increase in size of the cluster. Total cohesive energies are @41.8 and @39.5 kJmol@1, respectively, with a minimal loss from crystal to liquid state. Graphics by Schakal (E. Keller, University of Freiburg, http://www.krist.uni-freiburg.de). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-jack-dunitz-working-the-after-dinner-crowd-at-the-98sh31rt.png Figure 1. Jack Dunitz working the after-dinner crowd at the NATO ARW in Sestri Levante, 1995.[3] See www.iucr.org/gallery/1995/nato-arw for more pictures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-set-of-beevers-lipson-strips-for-calculating-x-1g9e5jbb.png Figure 8. A set of Beevers-Lipson strips for calculating X-ray structure factors by hand, still available at the Dipartimento di Chimica in Milano. Readers who may need to use the set, because of computer breakdown, are welcome to contact the author. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-left-to-right-an-early-jack-dunitz-massimo-10ef25pz.png Figure 6. Left to right: an early Jack Dunitz; Massimo Simonetta (1920–1986); and Linus Pauling. There was an outstanding group of postdoctorals at CalTech in the 1950s, which included, among others, Martin Karplus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-monster-crystal-agglomerates-probably-a-sulfate-of-z39narbo.png Figure 2. Monster crystal agglomerates (probably a sulfate of a polysubstituted nitrobenzene or nitrotoluene) crystallized in the lab of Ludwig Koerner at the School of Agriculture in Milano. The largest individuals are some 7 cm across. Koerner, famous for the chemical proof of the equivalence of bonds in the benzene ring, was a notorious crystallization maniac.[11] Picture taken by the author by courtesy of departmental staff. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-bright-future-from-a-glorious-past-at-the-italian-wkprhq0r.png Figure 5. A bright future from a glorious past: at the Italian-Israeli meeting Steric and electronic effects on molecular crystalline structure, organized in Firenze, 1987, by the author and Joel Bernstein. Left to right: Gastone Gilli, Fred Hirshfeld, Hans-Beat Bergi, Yithzak Apeloig, Sason Shaik, Jack Dunitz. Bergi and Dunitz, from Bern and Zurich, were called in as “Swiss mercenaries”. See www.iucr.org/gallery for more pictures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evolution-of-rotational-correlation-functions-for-3do9f8o0.png Figure 3. Evolution of rotational correlation functions for clusters of 40, 58, 93, and 169 molecules (from left to right) of acetic acid in vacuo. In a perfect infinite crystal, g(R) stays equal to 1 for any simulation length because molecules preserve their relative orientation. g(R) going to zero means total loss of orientational “memory” during the simulation, the computational signal of liquefaction. For the water-solvated 93-molecule cluster, the decay time is much longer. https://scispace.com/papers/topochemical-fluorination-of-n-2-ruddlesden-popper-type-3ebimh9rxx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structural-parameters-of-sr3ti2o5f4-space-group-i4-10cnfhmm.png Table 1: Structural parameters of Sr3Ti2O5F4 (space group: I4/mmm) from coupled Rietveld analysis of XRD and NPD data. The assignment of oxide and fluoride ions to different anion sites is based on DFT calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bond-distances-of-sr3ti2o7-and-sr3ti2o5f4-anion-1qm0r00y.png Table 2: Bond distances of Sr3Ti2O7 and Sr3Ti2O5F4. Anion sites are referred to as X1 (= equatorial site), X2 (= apical site (central)), X3 (= apical site (terminal)) and X4 (= interlayer site). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-normalized-ti-2p3-2-xps-spectra-of-sr3ti2o5f4-and-3jf858vj.png Figure 10: Normalized Ti 2p3/2 XPS spectra of Sr3Ti2O5F4 and reduction reaction products Sr3Ti2O5F4 + x NaH with x = 2 and x = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-relative-weight-fractions-of-reduced-rp-type-22acv43a.png Figure 5: (a) Relative weight fractions of reduced RP type phases Sr3Ti2O5F4-xHy in the reduction reaction products Sr3Ti2O5F4 + x NaH (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 4), not considering further phases such as NaF, NaF1-zHz, SrTiO3 and SrF2 as a function of x; (b) Unit cell volumes per formula unit of Sr3Ti2O5F4 and reduced RP type phases Sr3Ti2O5F4-xHy as a function of x; (c) Weight fraction of NaF in reduction reaction products Sr3Ti2O5F4 + x NaH (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 4) as a function of x, together with theoretically expected values calculated from the amount of NaH added assuming full conversion to NaF. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-structural-parameters-of-the-orthorhombic-phase-1sljjrz1.png Table 4: Structural parameters of the orthorhombic phase Sr3Ti2O5F1.86Hy (space group: Fmmm) from coupled Rietveld analysis of XRD and NPD data of Sr3Ti2O5F4 + 2 NaH. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-bond-distances-of-orthorhombic-phase-sr3ti2o5f1-86hy-286nbroq.png Table 5: Bond distances of orthorhombic phase Sr3Ti2O5F1.86Hy (space group: Fmmm). Anion sites are referred to as X1 (= equatorial site), X2 (= apical site (central)), X3 (= apical site (terminal)) and X4 (= interlayer site). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-coupled-rietveld-analysis-of-sr3ti2o5f4-space-group-3w57ehzc.png Figure 2: Coupled Rietveld analysis of Sr3Ti2O5F4 (space group: I4/mmm) of HRPD bank 1 data, HRPD bank 2 data , HRPD bank 3 data and XRD data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-of-sr3ti2o7-sr3ti2o5f4-1g7zz8if.png Figure 4: X-ray diffraction patterns of Sr3Ti2O7, Sr3Ti2O5F4 and reduction reaction products Sr3Ti2O5F4 + x NaH (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 4) containing reduced RP type phases Sr3Ti2O5F4-xHy. For the Rietveld refinements of the patterns shown together with an assignment of reflections to Sr3Ti2O7, Sr3Ti2O5F4, the reduced phases and the side products (SrF2, SrTiO3, NaF, NaF1-zHz) the reader is referred to Figure S 1 in the Electronic Supplementary. https://scispace.com/papers/topochemical-synthesis-of-single-crystalline-hydrogen-bonded-3l4hjnm00c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-anisotropic-expansion-and-contraction-of-the-hcofs-2oe1jd3g.png Figure 4. Anisotropic expansion and contraction of the HCOFs crystal sizes upon guest sorption and structural elucidation of the dynamic behavior of HCOFs. (a-c) Images of crystal samples of (a) HCOF-2, (b) HCOF-3, and (c) HCOF-4 immersed in methanolic solution of iodine (50 mM) for different times. The crystals were placed in a 1 1 mm square box for size comparison. (d) Images of crystals of I2HCOF-3 and DMSOHCOF-3, and the simulated crystal morphology of an HCOF-3 crystal (void spaces are highlighted in yellow). (e-g) SEM images of (e) HCOF-2, (f) I2HCOF-2, and (g) recovered HCOF-2 after iodine desorption. (h-i) TEM images and electron diffraction patterns of (h) I2HCOF-2 and (i) HCOF-2 after I2 desorption. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-design-and-topochemical-synthesis-of-hcofs-and-127iave5.png Figure 1. Design and topochemical synthesis of HCOFs and polymers via SCSC thiol-ene polymerization. (a) Schematic representation of crosslinker-dependent topological divergence and corresponding differences in guest sorption in HCOFs-2-4. (b) General synthetic scheme for topochemical SCSC synthesis of HCOFs-2-4, P5-P8, and tabulation of products with allyl/thioether ratios determined by NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-solution-phase-13c-nmr-spectra-of-model-compound-10x1kk99.png Figure 5. (a) Solution-phase 13C NMR spectra of model compound 3 (top, 6.53 mM) and solid-state 13C NMR spectra of HCOF-2 (bottom) in the absence and presence of I2 (14.0 equivalent to 3). (b) Chemical structures of 4-5, binding affinity of 3I2•4, and DFT calculated I2•5 with calculated N-I and I-I bond distances of 2.85 Å and 2.90 Å, respectively. (c) PXRD profiles of (from bottom up) 1crystal, supercritical CO2 activated HCOF-2, I2 adsorbed HCOF-2 with an uptake of 0.2 g/g I2, I2 adsorbed HCOF-2 with an uptake of 3.2 g/g of I2, DMSO-soaked HCOF-2 at 50 oC, DMSO-soaked HCOF-2 at 70 oC, and air cooled DMSO-soaked HCOF-2 at 25 oC after heating. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-b-crystal-structures-and-packing-diagram-of-1mthj66y.png Figure 2. (a-b) Crystal structures and packing diagram of isomorphous (a) 1crystal and (b) 2crystal viewed along the [110] direction with simplified underlying six-connected (6-c) net topology (snw, inset). The terminal alkene atoms are color coded to highlight their positions in the crystal lattice. (c) Extended packing of 1crystal viewed along the b-axis. (d) Expansion of C25 and C28 allyl groups lining hexagonal pore and congested C22/C31 junction. (e) Structural overlay of 1crystal/2crystal based on calculated RMSD of atomic positions. (f) Highlight of congested C22/C31 crosslinking junction with simplified cartoon representation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-b-crystal-structures-of-a-p5-and-b-p6-with-2n8z5mjb.png Figure 3. (a-b) Crystal structures of (a) P5 and (b) P6 with polymer backbones highlighted in red and polymer topology inset. (c) Packing diagrams of HCOF-2 highlighting the local environment of a tetramelamine-TPE repeating unit (spacefill) viewed along the b- and c-axes and schematic of crosslinking junction (cartoon inset). Neighboring repeating units (sticks) are colored according to the corresponding allyl carbon to which they are crosslinked (red – C25, yellow – C28, blue – C31, green – C22). (d) Calculated topology of HCOF-2 with TPE (yellow ball) and two topologically distinct melamines (cyan and blue balls). (e) Local packing environment of HCOF-3 repeating units viewed along the b- and c-axes with schematic of crosslinking junction (cartoon inset). (f) Calculated topology of HCOF-3 with TPE (yellow ball) and melamine moieties (blue ball). (g-h) Structural overlays of (g) HCOF-2/P5 and (h) HCOF-3/P6 based on calculated RMSD of atomic positions. https://scispace.com/papers/topography-exerts-primary-control-on-the-rate-of-gulf-of-4n7ppl184s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-the-potential-importance-of-the-1x0hj9pf.png Figure 2. Illustration of the potential importance of the near-terminus topography. (a) Time-varying lake margins (red) and estimated ice thickness distribution (blue) at Harlequin Lake below Yakutat Glacier, Alaska (59.48◦ N, 138.90◦W). Zone for calculating near-terminus ice thickness is shown in stippled white, and the RGI 6.0 glacier margin is shown as a black line. This specific glacier–lake system is discussed in Trüssel et al. (2015). (b) Same as in (a) but for an unnamed lake below Fourpeaked Glacier, Alaska (58.77◦ N, 153.45◦W). (c) Overview map showing locations of panels (a) and (b). Ice thickness data are from Farinotti et al. (2019a). Glacier outlines are from RGI Consortium (2017). Background imagery is from Landsat 8. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-kendall-rank-correlation-coefficient-t-values-for-2xjls0bu.png Table 3. Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ ) values for monotonic relationships between absolute (middle columns) and relative (rightmost columns) lake area change with associated climatological, glaciological, and topographic variables. In each category, test statistics are reported separately for proglacial and ice-dammed lakes. Bold numbers indicate correlations that are significant at p ≤ 0.05, while regular text indicates relationships where 0.05< p ≤ 0.1. Dashes indicate a correlation with p > 0.1. Positive (negative) correlation coefficients indicate a direct (inverse) relationship between the examined variables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-variation-in-climatic-and-topographic-variables-as-68zexy3e.png Figure 9. Variation in climatic and topographic variables as a function of a lake’s distance from the open ocean. (a) Summer air temperature (y axis) and its change (colors) between the 1960s and 2000s. (b) Winter precipitation (y axis) and its change between the 1960s and 2000s. (c) Lake elevation (y axis) and absolute lake area change between 1984 and 2018. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-for-proglacial-and-ice-dammed-1gkxg5ul.png Table 2. Summary statistics for proglacial and ice-dammed study lake area change. Steady lakes are defined as having changed by less than ±0.1 km2. Summary statistics are shown for the change in individual lakes, as well as for the cumulative area of all study lakes. For descriptors of individual lakes, we use the robust statistics of the median and 10th- and 90th-percentile lake area change because the existence of extreme values makes the minimum, mean, and maximum area change less meaningful (%ile denotes percentile in the table). Relative area change is scaled by a lake’s initial area, so a 100 % increase indicates a lake that doubled in area, while −100 % indicates a lake that completely disappeared. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-absolute-area-change-for-the-studied-ice-marginal-16ohqiq7.png Figure 5. (a) Absolute area change for the studied ice-marginal lakes between 1984 and 2018, including both proglacial and ice-dammed lakes. Green (red) circles indicate lakes that grew (shrunk) over the study period. White circles indicate lakes that remained relatively stable (within ±0.1 km2 of their initial area), while unfilled circles show lakes that detached from their associated glacier during the study period. Glacier extent is shown in gray fill (RGI Consortium, 2017), and black lines indicate political boundaries. Examples are shown of (b) a growing proglacial lake (unnamed lake downstream from Twentymile Glacier; 60.94◦ N, 148.78◦W) and (c) a shrinking ice-dammed lake (Van Cleve Lake dammed by Miles Glacier; 60.70◦ N, 144.41◦W). Years displayed in (b) and (c) are upper limits on a lake’s outline (e.g., a lake delineation between 1991 and 1998 will appear as a purple line). Background imagery in (b) and (c) is from Landsat 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-absolute-and-b-relative-lake-area-change-as-a-1nf8b6w8.png Figure 8. (a) Absolute and (b) relative lake area change as a function of lake elevation for proglacial (blue circle) and ice-dammed (red diamond) lakes. On both panels, lines show the linear fit to proglacial (blue) and ice-dammed (red) lakes as estimated by the non-parametric Theil–Sen robust line. Thick solid lines show relationships that are significant at the p ≤ 0.05 level; thin solid lines show 0.05< p ≤ 0.1 relationships, and thin dashed lines show p > 0.1 relationships. All significance values are estimated by the Kendall rank correlation test. The dotted black line shows zero lake area change. Unfilled symbols indicate lakes that appeared during the study period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-absolute-lake-area-change-as-a-function-of-3mnxcxfo.png Figure 7. (a) Absolute lake area change as a function of initial lake area for all proglacial lakes (blue circles) and ice-dammed lakes (red diamonds). (b) Relative lake area change as a function of initial lake area. In both panels, lines show the linear fit to proglacial (blue) and ice-dammed (red) lakes as estimated to by the non-parametric Theil–Sen robust line. Thick solid lines show relationships that are significant at the p ≤ 0.05 level; thin solid lines show 0.05< p ≤ 0.1 relationships, and thin dashed lines show p > 0.1 relationships. All significance values are estimated by the Kendall rank correlation test. The dotted black line shows zero lake area change. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-climatic-glaciologic-and-topographic-datasets-and-3w08qvik.png Table 1. Climatic, glaciologic, and topographic datasets and respective variables retrieved and used in our analyses. https://scispace.com/papers/topological-analysis-of-the-periodic-structures-in-a-ur1x4ap39s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-magnifications-of-the-stable-periodic-attractors-at-1vgoykji.png Figure 8: Magnifications of the stable periodic attractors at ωR = 5.0, near the PD point of order 1/2 marked also by the first red rectangle in Fig. 4. The increment of the control parameter was 0.1Pa. The number of initiations in each control parameter was 40. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-double-sided-farey-ordering-tree-of-the-found-wjkyr7ay.png Figure 9: The double-sided Farey ordering tree of the found periodic attractors at ωR = 5.0 near the PD point of order 1/2. The structure is dominated by the homoclinic tangency of the invariant manifolds of the periodic saddle of order 1/2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-equilibrium-bubble-radius-curves-for-water-dm5pbv7g.png Figure 1: Typical equilibrium bubble radius curves for water at T∞ = 37 oC as a function of tension pV − P∞. The solid and dashed lines are the stable and unstable equilibrium radius curves, respectively. The black dot denotes Blake’s critical threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-magnifications-of-the-stable-periodic-attractors-3rhb181g.png Figure 10: Magnifications of the stable periodic attractors at ωR = 5.0, near the SN point of order 1/3 marked also by the red rectangle in Fig. 4. The increment of the control parameter was 0.1Pa. The number of initiations in each control parameter was 60. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-different-kind-of-solutions-of-applied-bubble-model-1qddxj14.png Figure 2: Different kind of solutions of applied bubble model. The upper panels show a period 1, a period 3 and an unbounded co-existing solutions. The lower panels represent an unbounded trajectory initiated near an unstable chaotic solution (transient chaos). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-magnification-of-the-structure-of-the-periodic-32yth5w0.png Figure 4: Magnification of the structure of the periodic attractors at ωR = 5.0 (upper panel). Periodicity of the attractors (lower panel). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-double-sided-farey-ordering-tree-of-the-found-1gpfx4bn.png Figure 11: The double-sided Farey ordering tree of the found periodic attractors at ωR = 5.0 near the PD point of order 1/3. The structure is dominated by the homoclinic tangency of the invarianr manifolds of the periodic saddle of order 1/3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-bi-parametric-bifurcation-curves-of-the-sn-red-1civ5gfh.png Figure 7: Bi-parametric bifurcation curves of the SN (red curves) and PD (black curves) points found by the BVP solver and presented in Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/papers/topological-aberrance-of-structural-brain-network-provides-1wpgxibi3x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-individual-level-imaging-data-analysis-and-network-2tdsm5zo.png Figure 1. Individual level imaging data analysis and network construction. (A) DTI data; (B) Estimated tensor directions with 2-crossing fiber model; (C) T1-weighted structural MRI data; (D) Parcellated structural image based on Desikan-Killiany Atlas; (E) Seed masks in diffusion space, which binarized and transformed from structural space; (F) Symmetric and weighted 78 × 78 connectivity matrix. The edges were calculated based on the number of fibers in tractography. DTI: Diffusion Tensor Imaging. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-brain-behavior-associations-in-the-tbi-a-group-a-276uwo2u.png Figure 3. Brain-behavior Associations in the TBI-A Group. (A) Correlation of hyperactive/impulsive symptoms and nodal local efficiency of left parahippocampal gyrus. (B) Correlation of inattentive symptoms and nodal local efficiency of left parahippocampal gyrus. (C) Correlation of hyperactive/impulsive symptoms and nodal lustering coefficient of right transverse temporal gyrus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-network-hubs-a-nodal-strength-defined-network-hubs-dprog877.png Figure 2. Network Hubs. (A) Nodal Strength defined network hubs, with controls on the left and TBI-A groups on the right. (A) Betweenness-centrality defined network hubs, with controls on the left and TBI-A groups on the right. Left precentral gyrus defined as a hub in controls. Right putamen and right precentral gyrus defined as hubs in TBIA. TBI-A: TBI-induced attention deficits; SFG: Superior frontal gyrus; SPG: Superior parietal gyrus; PCG: Precentral gyrus; PUT: Putamen. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-330e1x78.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-clinical-and-neurocognitive-3bepfks3.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-anatomical-regions-that-showed-significant-between-a06ler82.png Table 2. Anatomical regions that showed significant between-group differences in nodal topological properties of the structural brain network. TBI-A: TBI induced attention deficit; SD: Standard deviation. https://scispace.com/papers/topography-curvature-effects-in-thin-layer-models-for-2m1ckiiozm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-qualitative-summary-of-the-simulations-results-with-3dvg25zm.png Table 3. Qualitative summary of the simulations results, with the different topographies (columns) and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-maximum-thickness-of-a-hypothetical-90-x106-m3-282nynzx.png Figure 12. Maximum thickness of a hypothetical 90 ×106 m3 debris avalanche on the Soufrière de Guade- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-maximum-thickness-of-the-flow-simulated-in-the-3f87ktdm.png Figure 10. Maximum thickness of the flow simulated in the Prêcheur river with the Coulomb rheology and µ = tan(3°). Each plot (a to d) displays the result of the simulation when the curvature force is taken into ac- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-synthetic-topography-with-a-twisted-channel-2cejctjp.png Figure 3. Synthetic topography with a twisted channel superimposed on a flat plane. (a) 3D view of the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-total-kinetic-energy-of-the-flow-with-the-coulomb-2zow0lpj.png Figure 8. (a) Total kinetic energy of the flow with the Coulomb rheology, µ = tan(15°) and a slope θ = 25°. (b) For the simulation with exact curvature terms, maximum norm of gravity and pressure force ( ®FVg , black curve), of the curvature force ( ®FVH , red curve, negative when ®n · ®F V H < 0) and of the friction force ( ®F µ H , blue curves). The friction force is computed with the exact curvature term (Fµ exact) or when it is neglected https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-topography-and-flow-description-for-a-1d-1nry4gn9.png Figure 1. (a) Topography and flow description, for a 1D topography Z = b(X). The orange area is the flow region, with thickness h in the direction normal to the topography. (b) 2D topography Z = b(X,Y ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-flow-simulation-with-the-coulomb-rheology-u-0-and-a-1awk3rel.png Figure 5. Flow simulation with the Coulomb rheology, µ = 0 and a slope θ = 10°. (a) and (c): with the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-simulation-of-a-flow-in-a-channel-with-slope-th-wv0t544i.png Figure 9. Simulation of a flow in a channel with slope θ = 10° and one bend with the Coulomb rheology (a and b) and the Voellmy rheology (c and d, with µ = tan(2°)). The bend amplitude Ab is either 0 m, 0.25 m or 0.5 m (respectively, blue, green and red curves).The corresponding non-dimensionalized curvature is γ̄ The https://scispace.com/papers/topological-features-of-electroencephalography-are-reference-1k8kah4t7q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sketch-of-persistent-homology-computation-a-an-example-11tattcb.png Fig. 2 Sketch of persistent homology computation. a) an example of a filtration in two-dimensions. As r increases the neighbourhood become larger and more simplices appear, making the Rips-Vietoris complex progressively denser. At the beginning (r = 0), the points all belong to components disconnected from each other. As r grows, the components begin to merge until only one component remains, which contains all points. Around r ∼ 0.65, a 1-dimensional cycle appears in the simplicial complex and persists until around r ∼ 1. b) The barcodes describing the lifetime of the various connected components (red bars), progressively merging into each other until only one survives (describing H0), and the lifetime of the single 1-dimensional cycle described above (blue bar, describing H1). Barcodes provide a summary of the topological properties of a space and can be used to compare them in a formal way. We show here the barcode presentece because it makes it easier to relate to the filtration. However, they are equivalent to persistence diagrams, which in turn are more amenable to compute (Wasserstein) distances between spaces. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-1-effect-of-different-preprocessing-pipelines-on-ovongzf0.png Fig. A.1 Effect of different preprocessing pipelines on correlation spaces Xs,r . Additional pipeline results for Figure 3: (top row) clean pipeline. (bottom row) filtered pipeline. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-2-effect-of-different-preprocessing-pipelines-on-3vctstln.png Fig. A.2 Effect of different preprocessing pipelines on Takens embedding spaces T s,r . Additional pipeline results for Figure 3: (top row) clean pipeline. (bottom row) filtered pipeline. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-topological-distance-between-spaces-for-different-1y7uhzrc.png Fig. 3 Topological distance between spaces for different references. Panels a) b) and c) refer respectively to the Xs,r T s,r and Ds,r embedded spaces for the cleanint datasets. For each embedding type, we compute distances between subjects and references for the first two homological groups, H0 and H1, using sliced Wasserstein distances between the corresponding persistence diagrams. We show distances between all (s, r) pairs in the heatmaps (with distances growing from white to blue). Rows and columns are ordered by subject and then by reference. Therefore, the presence of diagonal blocks of short distances (lighter colors with respect to the off-diagonal blocks) implies that re-referencing induces small changes with respect to inter-subject variability. It is easy to observe and modular block structure for the T s,r and Ds,r spaces that is wider than for the Cs,r spaces. Boxplots further support this result: we show the distribution of within-subject distances between spaces corresponding to different references (d(X/T/Ds,r, X/T/Ds ′,r′)|s = s′∀r, r′, divided by subject, one dark coloured box for each subject) and compare it to the inter-subject distances (d(X/T/Ds,r, X/T/Ds ′,r′)|s 6= s′∀r, r′, lighter color). For the temporal embeddings, the within-subject distances are smaller (KS test, p < 0.01) than the between-subject distances. Results for other pipelines are reported in Figures A.1, A.2 and A.3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-real-with-reshuffled-data-a-and-b-2gbnwhos.png Fig. 5 Comparison of real with reshuffled data. a) and b) Distance distributions (respectively for H0 and H1) between references of individual subject (solid color), between the temporally reshuffled data (lighter color boxes). inter labels the inter-subject distance distribution for both real (solid) and reshuffled data (lighter color). real-rand (white box) represents the distribution of distances between a (s, r) pair and its temporally reshuffled version. Distances among references of the same subject have generally smaller mean and variance with respect to the reshuffled data. Moreover, the distances between a (s, r) pair and its randomized versions are often larger than those between different subjects. c) we confirm this by computing the corresponding effect size via Cohen’s d, that is the effect sizes of the distances d(T s,r, T s,r ′ ) versus that of d(T s,r, T̃ s,r). For both H0 and H1 and for all pipelines, the effect sizes across subjects are significantly smaller than zero (varying between -1 and -2, considered to be very large effects, asterisks indicate significance on one-sample t-test at p < 0.01 Bonferroni corrected for multiple comparisons to reject the null hypothesis that the effect size mean is 0). d) for all pipelines, effect sizes for the intrasubject distance distributions d(T s,r, T s,r ′ ) versus the inter-subject d(T s,r, T s ′,r′). Solid color boxes indicate comparison between real data, lighter color boxes indicate the same comparison for the reshuffled data. Asterisks indicate significance on one-sample t-test at p < 0.01 Bonferroni corrected for multiple comparisons to reject the null hypothesis that the effect size mean is 0; crosses indicate indicate significance on Mann-Whitney u test at p < 0.01 Bonferroni corrected for multiple comparisons to reject the null hypothesis that the real and reshuffled samples have the same mean. In most cases, the effect sizes are significantly smaller than 0, confirming that the real distance distributions have smaller mean with respect to the inter-subject distances with respect to the corresponding reshuffled data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-4-effect-for-temporally-reshuffled-timeseries-for-20pzlpon.png Fig. A.4 Effect for temporally reshuffled timeseries for clean and filtered pipelines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-analysis-pipeline-the-standard-pipeline-of-1s9111ke.png Fig. 1 Overview of analysis pipeline. The standard pipeline of EEG analysis follows these steps: a) raw signals are recorded from scalp EEG electrodes. b) the signals are filtered in order to remove noisy or uninteresting frequency bands (here, any activity <0.1Hz and >60Hz, as well as 50Hz electrical line noise) (filtered); recorded signals are then cleaned to remove artefacts (i.e. blinks, eye movements, muscle artefacts, heart rate artefacts, electrode pops - i.e. single or multiple sharp waveforms that appear after a sudden change in impedance, electrode drifts due to sweat,etc.) (clean); interpolated to account for technical issues (i.e. "dead" electrodes), electrode drifts due to sweat or electrode bridging (when electrolyte gel spreads between adjacent electrodes), etc. (cleanint). c) pre-processed data are then referenced to one of the electrodes or, in some case to the average value across all channels. Different reference choices can result in different effects: for illustration, we show here three intervals of EEG signals for four different references; note how the relation among series can change depending on the choice of the reference. d) In this study we investigate three representations: 1) X is obtained by considering the Pearson correlations among channels and results in a description of spatial correlations, 2) T is the Takens (or delay) embeddings starting from the multivariate EEG timeseries and explicitly encoding temporal correlations within the signals, 3) D is a variant of T wherein the EEG timeseries is directly embedded, that is, without the imposition of time-delay vectors, effectively equivalent to considering the brain configuration space. e) We analyse the three types of embeddings using persistent homology, which quantitatively captures the shape of generic spaces in the form of barcodes or persistence diagrams. f) Finally, we can associate a distance between spaces by measuring distances between persistence diagrams themselves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-size-distributions-for-within-subject-versus-1pmvzkx6.png Fig. 4 Effect size distributions for within-subject versus inter-subject distances. For each subject s, we compute the Cohen’s d for the difference between within-subject distances (across references) versus the inter-subject distance distribution. For each pre-processing step r, and type of embedding (T∗, T,D,X), we collect the Cohen’s d values across all subjects and display them as a distribution. Instances where the set of within-subject distances are significantly (p < 0.05) different from inter-subject distances are marked with an ‘x’. Instances where the distribution of real Takens embeddings T r are significantly different from the distribution of randomized Takens embeddings T∗r are marked with a †. The effect of pre-processing is to remove idiosyncratic outliers. We find that for all studied pipelines, the Takens embeddings T s,r show larger differences (larger absolute effect size) with respect to the Xs,r spaces, implying that Takens embeddings are more robust to re-referencing than functional connectivity. https://scispace.com/papers/topological-aspects-of-three-dimensional-wakes-behind-rotary-16h0h7vvpf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-isovorticity-surface-at-re-and-tz403lp5.png FIGURE 14. Isovorticity surface at , Re , and . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-drag-coefficients-at-re-for-various-rotation-2a3pw408.png TABLE 2. Mean drag coefficients at Re for various rotation parameters ( ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-localisation-of-residual-transverse-vorticity-at-2mn27jka.png FIGURE 19. Localisation of residual transverse vorticity, at . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-motion-of-transverse-eddies-re-and-346qohsg.png FIGURE 20. Motion of transverse eddies, Re , and . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-definition-of-front-location-of-spanwise-and-1p61yer3.png FIGURE 23. Definition of front location of spanwise ( ) and transverse ( ) eddies, respectively at level and (same parameters as fig. 21). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-dynamics-of-streamwise-distribution-of-transverse-2j9tkm0i.png FIGURE 21. Dynamics of streamwise distribution of transverse vorticity at levels and , for Re , and , rotation activated at . Colour bar : . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-dynamics-of-streamwise-distribution-of-spanwise-1rwm51f4.png FIGURE 22. Dynamics of streamwise distribution of spanwise vorticity . The isovalue is plotted on left picture. On right picture, the streamwise distribution of vorticity (from figure 21) is added. Same parameters as fig. 21. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-transverse-enstrophy-at-re-with-respect-to-time-3or3twdr.png FIGURE 11. Transverse enstrophy at Re with respect to time, for a rotation amplitude . – – : , : . https://scispace.com/papers/topological-insulators-in-three-dimensions-4imv4fi4vq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-surface-or-edge-state-spectra-as-a-function-12yatwy0.png FIG. 1. Schematic surface (or edge) state spectra as a function of momentum along a line connecting a to b for (a) a b 1 and (b) a b 1. The shaded region shows the bulk states. In (a) the TRP changes between a and b, while in (b) it does not. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2d-band-structures-for-a-slab-with-a-111-face-for-the-324c9553.png FIG. 4. 2D band structures for a slab with a 111 face for the four phases in Fig. 3. The states crossing the bulk energy gap are localized at the surface. In the WTI (STI) phases there are an even (odd) number of Dirac points in the surface spectrum. The inset shows the surface Brillouin zone. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-energy-bands-for-a-the-model-4-with-t-1-so-0-125-the-2wswu0oe.png FIG. 3. Energy bands for (a) the model (4) with t 1, SO 0:125. The symmetry points are 0; 0; 0 , X 1; 0; 0 , W 1; 1=2; 0 , K 3=4; 3=4; 0 , and L 1=2; 1=2; 1=2 in units of 2 =a. The dashed line shows the energy gap due to t1 0:4. (b) shows the phase diagram as a function of t1 and t2 (for bonds in the 111 and 1 1 1 directions) with phases indexed according to cubic Miller indices for G . The shaded region is the STI phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diagrams-depicting-four-different-phases-indexed-by-0-2gs02fmi.png FIG. 2. Diagrams depicting four different phases indexed by 0; ( 1 2 3). (a) depicts i at the TRIM i at the vertices of the cube. (b) characterizes the 001 surface in each phase. The surface TRIM a are denoted by open (closed) circles for a https://scispace.com/papers/topological-interference-management-with-multiple-antennas-47izquzd95 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-4-to-1-1x-2-simo-interference-channel-1ox5nms4.png Fig. 1. The 4-to-1 1× 2 SIMO interference channel. https://scispace.com/papers/topological-phase-transitions-driven-by-next-nearest-467cktsvzl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-a-the-t3-lattice-with-the-three-5jrcpa4n.png FIG. 8. (Color online) (a) The T3 lattice with the three inequivalent sites A, H , and B inside the unit cell (dashed area). The NN and NNN hoppings are indicated by the red arrows. (b) First Brillouin zone of the T3 lattice with high-symmetry points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-a-the-kagome-lattice-with-the-three-1w128981.png FIG. 7. (Color online) (a) The kagome lattice with the three inequivalent sites A, B, and C inside the unit cell (dashed area). The NN and NNN hoppings are indicated by the red arrows. (b) First Brillouin zone of the kagome lattice with high-symmetry points. (c) Dispersions along contour KM for λISO = 0 and t ′ = 0 (dashed curves) and for λISO/t = 0.1 and t ′ = 0 (solid curves). (d)–(f) Dispersions for λISO/t = 0.1 and t ′/t = 0.39, t ′/t = 0.443, and t ′/t = 0.6, respectively. The upper gap closes for t ′/t ≈ 0.443. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-the-geometry-of-the-lieb-lattice-the-2aton953.png FIG. 1. (Color online) (a) The geometry of the Lieb lattice. The square unit cell with lattice constant a ≡ 1 is indicated, together with the three sublattices (A, B, C). An example of a NN (NNN) hopping process t (t ′) is indicated by the red arrows. (b) First Brillouin zone of the Lieb lattice. The high symmetry points , X, Y , and M are given. The red dashed lines indicate the path XM along which the dispersions are displayed in the subsequent figures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-the-upper-and-lower-bands-touch-the-2t4n7on2.png FIG. 2. (Color online) (a) The upper and lower bands touch the middle flat band at the M point if λISO = t ′ = 0. (b) A gap appears if the ISO coupling is turned on (λISO = 0 and t ′ = 0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-a-the-honeycomb-lattice-with-the-two-3rke7pp0.png FIG. 9. (Color online) (a) The honeycomb lattice with the two inequivalent sites A and B inside the unit cell (dashed area). The NN and NNN hoppings are indicated by the red arrows. (b) First Brillouin zone of the honeycomb lattice with high-symmetry points. (c) Dispersions for λISO = 0, t ′ = 0, and 1/3 flux quantum per unit cell, along the contour KM of the magnetic Brillouin zone (1/3 of the size of the 1BZ). (d)–(f) Edge-state plots in the energy regime of the two highest bands for λISO/t = 0 and t ′/t = −0.18, t ′/t = −0.2, and t ′/t = −0.22, respectively. For these plots, the dispersions have been computed for the system in a cylindrical geometry (see Ref. 10). The light gray curves are the bulk bands. The red (dark gray) and blue (medium gray) curves are the edge states on the two opposite edges of the cylinder. The variation of t ′ closes the gap between these bands, and changes the Hall conductivity in this gap from −2e2/h to 4e2/h. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-dispersions-for-various-values-of-t-along-3b0ew4fw.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Dispersions for various values of t ′ along the high symmetry lines in the 1BZ. (a) The case where t ′ = 0 is shown by the dashed curves. For 0 < t ′ < 0.5t the middle band starts to develop a maximum at the point (solid curves). (b) For t ′ = 0.5 the maximum at the point touches the upper band. (c) When t ′ > 0.5t a tilted anisotropic Dirac cone forms at the Q point. (d) The dispersion for t ′ < −0.5t . In (e), the four corners of the dotted square indicate the positions of the four tilted anisotropic Dirac cones in the 1BZ. (f) A three-dimensional picture of the anisotropic tilted Dirac cone at Q. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-the-black-dashed-curves-indicate-the-j7xy6h5i.png FIG. 4. (Color online) (a) The black dashed curves indicate the dispersions for λISO = 0 and the blue continuous curves indicate the situation forλISO = 0. There is no full gap whenλISO is below a critical value λcISO. (b) For a sufficiently large λISO > λ c ISO, the spectrum is fully gapped. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-phase-diagram-as-function-of-liso-and-t-18843ny3.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Phase diagram as function of λISO and t ′. The red (solid) lines indicate positions for which a band gap closes, meaning that the Chern numbers can change. In the regions enclosed by these lines the various (spin) Chern numbers C↑ = Cspin/2 are indicated. The regions delimited by the blue (light gray) or green (dark gray) dashed lines indicate the parameter regimes for which there is no full gap between the middle and upper bands or middle and lower bands, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/topological-shaping-of-light-by-closed-path-nanoslits-5bawoolp7i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-upper-row-sem-images-of-closed-loop-2zeqidna.png FIG. 3 (color online). Upper row: SEM images of closed loop nanoslits of order m ¼ 3 to 8 with R ¼ 10 m (see dashed circle) and slit width e ¼ 150–200 nm. Bottom row: Optical imaging of the slit at 532 nm wavelength under crossed circular polarizers. Insets: Calculated convoluted nanoslit images accounting for the numerical aperture of the imaging system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-polarization-conversion-efficiency-of-3g7jnhw6.png FIG. 4 (color online). Polarization conversion efficiency of nanoslit structures of different order (m), size (R), and nature (open or closed forms). The dashed line is the mean value, and the gray area refers to the standard deviation range. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-closed-path-topological-nanoslit-of-1q7pyhbt.png FIG. 2 (color online). (a) Closed-path topological nanoslit of order m, here with m ¼ 5 (thick curve), where R is the radius of the circle in which is inscribed the structure and Rm is the radius of the circles that generate the design. (b),(c) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the case m ¼ 3 in its open and closed forms, with R ¼ 10 m and slit width e ¼ 150–200 nm. The scale bar is 5 m. The contrast difference of the two SEM images is due to different electrical charging effects between the two kinds of structures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-characteristic-single-beam-self-spiraling-3eyjgb0g.png FIG. 8 (color online). Characteristic single beam self-spiraling optical textures for nanoslits of order m ¼ 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. The number of spiral arms is m 2, which corresponds to the topological charge of the optical vortex generated by the closed loop nanoslit. Upper row: Experimental data with R ¼ 10 m. Bottom row: Model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-far-field-characteristics-for-m-1-4-3-4-2xaze6lp.png FIG. 10 (color online). Far-field characteristics for m ¼ 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. First and second rows: Fraunhofer diffraction intensity and phase patterns in the reciprocal coordinate system, here displayed in the range 0:1 ð ; Þ 0:1. Third row: Azimuthal dependence of the phase along the circle that passes by the intensity maxima. Simulation parameters: ¼ 1, w=R ¼ 0:02, ¼ 500 nm, and R ¼ 10 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-polarization-switching-of-the-topological-2gw6eqoe.png FIG. 9 (color online). Polarization switching of the topological charge for nanoslits of order m ¼ 3 and 4 with R ¼ 10 m, where ¼ 1 refers to the helicity of the incident beam on the structures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-geometry-and-definition-of-3rkq5slz.png FIG. 1 (color online). (a) Geometry and definition of characteristic angles and for a closed-path nanoslit circuit C homeomorphic to the circle. (b) Illustration of the experimental setup. A circularly polarized collimated Gaussian beam with wave vector k, waist diameter 2w, and helicity ¼ 1 impinges at normal incidence on the nanoslit plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-map-of-the-phase-distribution-of-the-10t42xjt.png FIG. 5 (color online). Map of the phase distribution of the generated optical vortices for nanoslits of order m ¼ 3 to 8, in the plane of the nanoslit, with ¼ 1. Upper row: Experimental data with R ¼ 10 m. The shown data refer to the location where intensity is measured for the contracircularly polarized field component; see Fig. 3. Bottom row: Model. https://scispace.com/papers/topology-based-control-design-for-congested-areas-in-urban-3rhbs3ge32 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-coordinate-transformation-mapping-curved-trajectories-1orz5ryt.png Fig. 2: Coordinate transformation mapping curved trajectories (a) into straight lines (b) having the same metric. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-greenshields-fd-with-free-flow-regime-denoted-by-f-in-2xbge7xb.png Fig. 1: Greenshields FD with free-flow regime denoted by Ω f (in green) and congested regime denoted by Ωc (in red). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-single-road-with-corresponding-fundamental-diagrams-3d5djhcm.png Fig. 3: Single road with corresponding fundamental diagrams and with a bottleneck located in the sketch ξ∗ = [ξ∗1, ξ ∗ 2]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-the-desired-state-b-initial-congested-network-c-the-yuiamgq2.png Fig. 4: a) The desired state; b) initial congested network; c) the L2 norm of the density error as a function of time. https://scispace.com/papers/topological-transformation-approaches-to-tcam-based-packet-1xsxtlxfwe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-compression-ratios-of-and-1n0cly1f.png Fig. 10. Compression ratios of and . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-classifier-sizes-in-wyeq3ik0.png Fig. 9. Classifier sizes in . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-compression-ratios-by-field-12tkg79l.png Fig. 11. Compression ratios by field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-example-of-1-d-prefix-alignment-ov8glj0w.png Fig. 6. Example of 1-D prefix alignment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-example-packet-classifier-3b23rmov.png TABLE I EXAMPLE PACKET CLASSIFIER https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-of-domain-compression-1e5x4kls.png Fig. 5. Example of domain compression. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-rule-number-ratios-of-and-u6qm2z4w.png Fig. 12. Rule number ratios of and . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-rule-width-ratios-of-and-1996tuqq.png Fig. 13. Rule width ratios of and . https://scispace.com/papers/topology-classification-with-deep-learning-to-improve-real-1wmx4qrv8b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-network-architecture-of-the-inclusive-classifier-crb1g4ss.png Fig. 4 Network architecture of the inclusive classifier https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-signal-efficiency-tpr-at-different-values-of-the-3o5hq1zk.png Table 2 Signal efficiency (TPR) at different values of the false-positive rate (FPR) for the inclusive classifier selecting tt̄ evaluated on the validation sample and the pseudo-data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-distributions-of-the-validation-sample-and-pseudo-wlbza2v2.png Fig. 10 Distributions of the validation sample and pseudo-data. The pseudo-data are created by adding a Gaussian noise of mean zero and standard deviation of 10% to the validation sample’s particle momenta. The high-level features are then recomputed with the new list of particles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relative-composition-of-the-isolated-lepton-sample-35s70m65.png Fig. 1 Relative composition of the isolated-lepton sample after the acceptance requirement (left) and the trigger selection (right), as described in the text https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-roc-curves-for-the-tt-left-and-w-right-selectors-3klmbar6.png Fig. 5 ROC curves for the tt̄ (left) and W (right) selectors described in the paper https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-selection-efficiencies-of-different-bsm-models-using-8jkogu1i.png Fig. 9 Selection efficiencies of different BSM models using 99% TPR working point as functions of lepton p T , M2 T , and Emiss T . From top to bottom, A → H+W− , high-mass A → H+W− , A → 4 , W ′ , and Z′ https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-false-positive-rate-fpr-and-trigger-rate-tr-2ri2xphn.png Table 3 False-positive rate (FPR) and trigger rate (TR) corresponding to different values of the true-positive rate (TPR), for a tt̄ (top) and W selector https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-false-positive-rate-fpr-and-trigger-rate-tr-at-1keag4fn.png Table 1 False-positive rate (FPR) and trigger rate (TR) at different values of the true-positive rate (TPR), for a tt̄ (top) and W selector https://scispace.com/papers/topologically-biased-random-walk-and-community-finding-in-3g2ml58x13 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-contour-plot-of-the-difference-between-jjcyqvcw.png FIG. 4. Color online Contour plot of the difference between fourth and fifth eigenvalues 4− 5 as a function of parameter k which biases RWs according to degrees of the vertices and parameter M which bias RWs according to multiplicities of the edges. Both degrees and multiplicity values are normalized with respect to the maximal degree and multiplicity therefore, the largest value is 1 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-histograms-of-2-3-4-and-5-for-1000-gn-1cnzooyv.png FIG. 5. Color online Histograms of 2, 3, 4, and 5 for 1000 GN networks described with parameters N=128, n=32, pin =16 /62, and pout=1 /12. With black color we indicate the eigenvalues of nonbiased RWs, while with red we indicate the eigenvalues of RWs biased with parameters k=−2.5 and M =4.3. Note how this choice of parameters does not maximize “community gap” for all the different realizations of monitored GN network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-histogram-of-second-third-fourth-and-136j8m0o.png FIG. 3. Color online Histogram of second, third, fourth, and fifth eigenvalues of nonbiased RWs for 1000 GN networks with parameters N=128, n=32, pin=0.35, and pout=0.05. There is a clear gap between “community” band and the rest of the eigenvalues. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-plot-of-the-eigenvector-components-of-the-2877qfgs.png FIG. 6. Color online Plot of the eigenvector components of the second, third, and fourth eigenvectors. Different markers represent four different predefined communities. This is an example of GN graph with pin=16 /62 and pout=1 /12. For this choice of parameters =1 /2. There is a strong dispersion between different vertices which belong to the same community. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-ratio-of-expected-value-of-378y1z8h.png FIG. 2. Color online The ratio of expected value of multiplicity for edges that are connecting vertices in different communities to the expected value of multiplicity for edges that are connecting vertices in the same community with respect to parameter . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-plot-of-the-spectral-gap-1-2-vs-for-2nma8uzu.png FIG. 1. Color online Plot of the spectral gap 1− 2 vs for networks of ten communities with ten vertices each the probability for an edge to be in a community is pi=0.3, while outside the community it is po=0.05 . Solid points represent the solutions computed via diagonalization, while lines report the value obtained through integration of PEM. Different bias choices have been tested. Circles blue are related to degree-based strategy, squares red are related to clustering-based strategies, and diamonds green are related to multiplicity-based strategies. The physical quantities to get the variable x in Eq. 2 in these strategies have been normalized with respect to their maximum values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-plot-of-the-eigenvector-components-of-the-209bhfp6.png FIG. 7. Color online Plot of the eigenvector components of the second, third, and fourth eigenvectors of biased RWs with parameters k=−2.5 and M =4.3. Different markers represent four different predefined communities. This is an example of the same GN graph realization with pin=16 /62 and pout=1 /12 as the one on the previous figure. For this choice of parameters =1 /2. One can notice tetrahedral distribution of vertices in which vertices from the same community belong to the same branch of tetrahedron. https://scispace.com/papers/topology-control-with-limited-geometric-information-4smmgzj1fy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-although-maximum-degree-of-grtc-is-not-bounded-it-is-fk4y928z.png Fig. 5. Although maximum degree of GRTC is not bounded, it is comparable to log(∆). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-this-is-the-configuration-of-the-point-a-vj-u-the-1dg083iy.png Fig. 4. This is the configuration of the point α{vj , u}, the interval [Lu, Ru] around it, the point α{vj , v}, and the interval [Lv, Rv] around it. Note that Lv is to the left of α{vj , u} and Ru is to the right of α{vj , v}. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-this-shows-the-triangle-uvjv-shiwh56m.png Fig. 7. This shows the triangle uvjv. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-unit-disk-graph-for-showing-the-sensitivity-of-xtc-3h181amv.png Fig. 1. A unit disk graph for showing the sensitivity of XTC to small perturbations. The lengths of the edges are |ab| = |dc| = (1 − ε)/2 and |ac| = |bd| = 1/2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-behavior-of-ge-rtc-as-e-increases-and-as-the-1xfjwjl4.png Fig. 6. The behavior of ∆(Gε-RTC), as ε increases and as the density of G increases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-these-are-plots-showing-the-increase-in-the-maximum-m1nr2rxb.png Fig. 3. These are plots showing the increase in the maximum degree of GXTC as the error bound ε increases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-unit-disk-graph-to-illustrate-how-xtc-may-produce-an-1uz85b7x.png Fig. 2. A unit disk graph to illustrate how XTC may produce an output graph with unbounded node degree. https://scispace.com/papers/topology-optimization-for-simplified-structural-fire-safety-2s0mt30mxq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fire-degradation-model-3v6agljt.png Figure 3: Fire degradation model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-difference-in-density-between-the-reference-3chq88uc.png Figure 11: The difference in density between the reference structure, (a), and structure (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-reference-structure-a-and-structure-b-after-800-s-2mfyuq9a.png Figure 12: Reference structure, (a), and structure (b) after 800 s of heat loading. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-compliance-history-for-the-structures-in-figure-8-38qetji4.png Figure 10: Compliance history for the structures in Figure 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-convection-is-applied-across-the-surfaces-of-the-1b67gofc.png Figure 4: Convection is applied across the surfaces of the statically loaded structure a, representing the occupation of hot gases in all available space. The rising temperatures cause time-dependent structural degradation, b-c, where gray-scale illustrates degraded material after a certain duration of fire. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-convection-is-applied-across-the-surface-of-the-2c7f8xsc.png Figure 6: Convection is applied across the surface of the arbitrary material distribution shown in a. The element highlighted in b is subject to Top and Bottom Convection (TBC) across its lateral surfaces as well as Boundary Side Convection (BSC), as it is located along the domain boundary. The element highlighted in c is subject to TBC as well as Internal Side Convection (ISC) across its interface, Γi1, with a neighboring void element. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-cold-compliance-for-the-structures-in-figure-8-the-1h3nt9i9.png Figure 9: Cold compliance for the structures in Figure 8. The empty circles for designs (t), (u), and (v) represent sub-optimal designs obtained with initial guess design (r). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-elastic-plastic-and-fire-resistance-properties-for-3eaunrhu.png Table 1: Elastic, plastic, and fire resistance properties for profiles with different shapes. fy denotes yield stress and Mpl denotes sectional plastic moment. https://scispace.com/papers/topology-optimization-for-additive-manufacturing-with-4s4hpc0egr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cantilever-beam-test-case-used-in-numerical-362q3bcl.png Figure 3: Cantilever beam test case used in numerical compliance minimization tests. The design domain is meshed with 150×50×50 elements, and a load of 1000 N is distributed over the right front edge. The z-direction is chosen as build direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-beam-designs-obtained-considering-various-levels-of-2wgcsbg8.png Figure 6: Beam designs obtained considering various levels of support and removal costs. Sacrificial support material is depicted in green, and the actual component in white, opaque and semi-transparent. The part is viewed from below the baseplate, in the printing direction (top row) and from above towards the baseplate (bottom row). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-design-for-am-options-a-parts-optimized-2w8v5s1e.png Figure 1: Schematic ‘Design for AM’ options: a) parts optimized without considering AM restrictions typically require additional support material, b) fully self-supporting designs may show reduced performance / higher mass, c) the method proposed in this paper finds a compromise solution that balances part performance and support costs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cantilever-beam-designs-obtained-in-compliance-2lij7dxc.png Figure 4: Cantilever beam designs obtained in compliance minimization using either a) no AM restrictions or b) requiring the final design to meet the overhang restrictions everywhere, in full and cutaway view. Sacrificial support material is depicted in green, the actual component in white. The part is viewed from below the baseplate, in the printing direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-definition-of-3d-am-filter-assuming-the-z-direction-fri2ya5c.png Figure 2: Definition of 3D AM filter, assuming the z-direction as the build direction. The green region S(i,j,k) denotes the supporting region of a red element at position (i, j, k) in a mesh. When insufficient printed material is present in this region, element (i, j, k) cannot be printed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-beam-designs-obtained-considering-either-a-no-4ipve78s.png Figure 5: Beam designs obtained considering either a) no removal costs, or b) no support material costs. Sacrificial support material is depicted in green, and the actual component in white, opaque and semi-transparent. The part is viewed from below the baseplate, in the printing direction. https://scispace.com/papers/topology-optimization-of-frequency-dependent-viscoelastic-5dqujvooh6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-slice-of-the-3d-plate-the-shape-o-belongs-to-the-xy-3t6mo35u.png Figure 3: Slice of the 3d plate. The shape O belongs to the xy−plane, being x the outward axis in the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-initial-with-a-cavity-inside-and-optimized-shapes-inyo9wyw.png Figure 4: Initial (with a cavity inside) and optimized shapes of a 3D cantilever. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-optimized-shape-possesses-a-small-inner-cavity-29wuwzfz.png Figure 5: The optimized shape possesses a small inner cavity. If the hole is filled with the viscoelastic material, the value of η remains almost constant (actually it slightly diminishes) so the value of the composite objective function (60) increases. The authors verified that the inner cavity is not present when the whole working domain O is used as initial shape in the optimization process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-convergence-history-for-the-optimization-of-the-3d-kp0lk3sw.png Figure 6: Convergence history for the optimization of the 3D cantilever. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-unconstrained-layer-damping-treatment-ytcpitd0.png Figure 1: Unconstrained-layer damping treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-constrained-layer-damping-treatment-sdta0hik.png Figure 2: Constrained-layer damping treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-real-part-of-the-eigenmode-w1-for-the-final-shape-nc7oe9r0.png Figure 8: Real part of the eigenmode w1 for the final shape. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-initial-and-optimized-shapes-of-the-composite-plate-17g22ur4.png Figure 7: Initial and optimized shapes of the composite plate. The aluminum phase is shown in gray and the (superposed) viscoelastic one in black. https://scispace.com/papers/topology-optimization-of-tungsten-copper-structures-for-10idpe4n9g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-selected-iterations-from-the-optimization-of-a-18jwwyal.png Figure 6 – Selected iterations from the optimization of a component with QN = 10 MW/m² and T0 = https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-peak-von-mises-stress-reduction-in-12xqygdu.png Table 4 – Comparison of peak von Mises stress reduction in designs optimized for 10 MW/m² with the BCC and honeycomb material models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-material-models-optimization-results-1ejts7rt.png Figure 9 – Comparison of material models. Optimization results for 10/650 load case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-photograph-of-a-wam-cu-composite-based-on-an-3tcfqfpj.png Figure 1 – Photograph of a WAM/Cu composite based on an additively manufactured W honeycomb https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-peak-von-mises-stress-in-a-full-w-domain-for-3ux5ow9d.png Table 1 – Peak von Mises stress in a full-W domain for different heat fluxes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-von-mises-stress-left-and-temperature-right-fields-3oct82yi.png Figure 5 – Von Mises stress (left) and temperature (right) fields in the reference component with a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-influence-of-the-stress-free-reference-temperature-rp5agvui.png Figure 8 – Influence of the stress-free reference temperature T0 on the resulting structure in https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-maximum-temperature-in-copper-containing-regions-1xvfp3ao.png Table 3 – The maximum temperature in copper-containing regions of designs optimized with the BCC material model and a stress-free reference temperature of 650°C. https://scispace.com/papers/topology-optimization-of-segmented-thermoelectric-generators-27f5r2zjiz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fp-design-solutions-for-convection-coefficients-h-hc-w-3g90a4xb.png Fig. 3: fP -design solutions for convection coefficients, h HC [W/m2 K], equal to hHC = 141 (a), h = 594 (b), h = 821 (c), h = 1047 (d) and h = 1010 (e). The blue and yellow material phases represent BiSbTe and skutterudite, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-designs-solutions-solved-for-fe-and-length-of-the-14kkckid.png Fig. 8: Designs solutions solved for fη and length of the design domain, Lx [mm], equal to Lx = 1 (a), Lx = 10 (b), Lx = 20 (c), Lx = 30 (d), Lx = 40 (e) and Lx = 50 (f). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-designs-solutions-solved-for-fp-and-length-of-the-2ge6hpx0.png Fig. 7: Designs solutions solved for fP and length of the design domain, Lx [mm], equal to Lx = 1 (a), Lx = 10 (b), Lx = 20 (c), Lx = 30 (d), Lx = 40 (e) and Lx = 50 (f). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-relationship-between-the-normalized-electric-power-59fhhxpz.png Fig. 9: The relationship between the normalized electric power output, f̄P = fP /max (fP |hHC=10000) and device length, Lx, for various values of h HC . The black dots indicate the largest electric power output for a specific hHC . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-fe-designs-solutions-solved-for-h-hc-1502-with-and-1ke4q2nq.png Fig. 12: fη-designs solutions solved for h HC = 1502 with and without an active temperature constraint https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-important-variables-1n290vb8.png Table 1: List of important variables https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fe-design-solutions-for-convection-coefficients-h-hc-w-1mszglv1.png Fig. 4: fη-design solutions for convection coefficients, h HC [W/m2 K], equal to hHC = 141 (a), hHC = 594 (b), hHC = 821 (c), hHC = 1047 (d) and hHC = 1010 (e). The blue and yellow material phases represent BiSbTe and skutterudite, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-design-problem-the-distribution-of-3frrlmwv.png Fig. 1: Schematic of the design problem. The distribution of skutterudite and BiSbTe in ΩD is determined with density-based topology optimization in order to optimize for fP or fη. https://scispace.com/papers/tornado-structure-interaction-a-numerical-simulation-4t3ft0wxra 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-surface-pressures-for-run-no-6-1yy3zod4.png Fig. 19. Surface pressures for run No. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-surface-pressures-for-run-no-1-74lsoro4.png Fig. 9. Surface pressures for run No. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-velocity-vector-plots-for-run-no-7-gpv7eted.png Fig. 22. Velocity vector plots for run No. 7. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-comparison-of-design-pressures-psf-for-run-no-6-of-2l0y9b4i.png Table 10. Comparison of design pressures (psf) for run No. 6 of the tornadostructure interaction study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-surface-pressures-for-run-no-2-3age6fyx.png Fig. 11. Surface pressures for run No. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-velocity-vector-plots-for-run-no-3-zya2umfr.png Fig. 14. Velocity vector plots for run No. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-surface-pressures-for-run-no-4-3k2niexr.png Fig. 15. Surface pressures for run No. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-hsu-s-vortex-chamber-after-hsu-and-fattahi-1976-28dlie4p.png Fig. 7. Hsu's vortex chamber (after Hsu and Fattahi, 1976). https://scispace.com/papers/torchani-a-free-and-open-source-pytorch-based-deep-learning-5bj6i0r1ei 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-from-aev-to-molecule-energy-2up35z9x.png Figure 2: From AEV to Molecule Energy https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-seconds-for-1000-molecular-dynamics-steps-36jabwyc.png Table 1: Seconds for 1000 molecular dynamics steps https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comp6-benchmark-result-for-different-models-mae-rmse-1p4vitq9.png Table 2: COMP6 benchmark result for different models. MAE/RMSE (kcal/mol) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-2d-histogram-for-the-prediction-of-chemical-2qfnj1bv.png Figure 3: The 2D Histogram for the Prediction of Chemical Shift https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-table-of-contents-graphic-1srjzotp.png Figure 4: Table of Contents graphic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-structure-of-the-ani-aevs-1fy2k1td.png Figure 1: The Structure of the ANI AEVs. https://scispace.com/papers/torii-hlmac-distributed-fault-tolerant-zero-configuration-jnl52hgxix 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-unicast-frame-from-a-to-b-both-address-a-and-b-are-2bsxjjbx.png Figure 3: Unicast frame from A to B. Both address (A and B) are translated at the edge switches, which already know them from the previous ARP messages. The prefix (core switch) is chosen by a hash of both addresses so that the communication is bidirectional. In this case A goes 1.1.1.1 and B goes 1.3.1.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-broadcast-frame-from-host-a-the-broadcast-address-m3iiz6wm.png Figure 2: Broadcast frame from host A. The broadcast address remains the same while the A address is translated into 1.1.1.1 when prefix 1 has been chosen at the edge by hash. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-multiple-hierarchical-addresses-hlmac-assignment-1hfarx0b.png Figure 1: Multiple hierarchical addresses (HLMAC) assignment for Torii with extended Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol from virtual Root node. https://scispace.com/papers/tornado-outbreaks-associated-with-landfalling-hurricanes-in-4zeq0eflzf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-outbreak-cases-listed-by-landfall-date-hurricane-avedccl2.png Table 1. Outbreak cases listed by landfall date. Hurricane name, landfall date, Saffir–Simpson category at time of landfall, total number of reported tornadoes, and number of F1 and greater tornadoes are given https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-composite-fields-for-landfalling-hurricanes-that-3o15vp0d.png Fig. 7. Composite fields for landfalling hurricanes that affected Texas with tornado outbreaks (left) and nonoutbreaks (right) (Tables 1 and 2). (a) and (b) Mean 500-hPa geopotential height (every 25 m); (c) and (d) anomaly 500-hPa geopotential height from 1968–1996 climatology (every 10 m); and (e) and (f) mean surface-850-hPa wind-shear magnitude (shaded every 2 m s 1) and direction (vectors). Composite maps were provided by the NOAA-CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center, Boulder, Colorado (http:==www. cdc.noaa.gov) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-track-of-hurricane-beulah-1967-from-20-22-september-2l2ucl32.png Fig. 1. Track of hurricane Beulah (1967) from 20–22 September. Hollow circles indicate center of circulation at 0000 UTC on each day. Thin line denotes a distance of 100 nm from shore. Individual tornado reports are marked with small plus signs https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-same-as-table-1-except-for-nonoutbreak-cases-1ecswubg.png Table 2. Same as Table 1, except for nonoutbreak cases https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-same-as-table-1-except-for-midclass-cases-hiurj5et.png Table 3. Same as Table 1, except for midclass cases https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-number-of-outbreak-black-midclass-gray-hatched-and-1x4dst2y.png Fig. 10. Number of outbreak (black), midclass (gray hatched), and nonoutbreak (gray) hurricanes by ENSO phase. ENSO phase was determined by the Climate Prediction Center’s Niño 3.4 sea-surface temperature anomalies for August, September, and October https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-ranked-distribution-of-outbreak-triangles-and-wodeqkuk.png Fig. 9. Ranked distribution of outbreak (triangles) and nonoutbreak (circles) hurricanes by date from 1954 to 2004 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-number-of-outbreak-black-midclass-gray-hatched-and-2ou4nqfu.png Fig. 5. Number of outbreak (black), midclass (gray hatched), and nonoutbreak (gray) hurricanes listed by Saffir–Simpson category (1–5) at time of landfall. Category 0 represents storms that were not hurricane strength at time of landfall https://scispace.com/papers/torsional-solutions-of-convection-in-rotating-fluid-spheres-48xxfcqfyc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-first-16-floquet-multipliers-of-the-torsional-39z2bsmj.png TABLE I. First 16 Floquet multipliers of the torsional periodic solution for Pr = 10−2, E = 10−3, and Ra = 16 010. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-c-trajectories-of-the-floquet-multipliers-spanning-730u0one.png FIG. 6. (a, c) Trajectories of the Floquet multipliers spanning along Ra ∈ [12 192, 12 243] for E = 10−3 (17 multipliers), and Ra ∈ [7806, 8330] for E = 10−4 (31 multipliers). (b, d) Floquet multipliers at the bifurcation points. The phases on the unit circle are signaled every π/6, with the origin in the horizontal axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-poincare-sections-taken-at-01-rm-0-for-e-10-4-pr-10-1camwc9v.png FIG. 10. (a) Poincaré sections taken at 01(rm ) = 0, for E = 10−4, Pr = 10−3, showing the evolution of the shape of the two-tori up to the appearance of the third frequency. The parameters are Ra = 7921, 7930, 7950, 8000, 8100, 8200, and 8250. (b) Enlargement of the three-tori. The parameters are Ra = 8250, 8300, 8325, and 8350. (c) Transition to temporal chaos showing the three-tori found at Ra = 8350 and at Ra = 8400, and the chaotic attractors at Ra = 8500 and Ra = 10 000. (d) Detail of the resonant torus at Ra = 8400. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-the-period-the-time-averaged-275iiuze.png TABLE II. Comparison of the period, the time-averaged symmetric and antisymmetric kinetic energies, the time-averaged poloidal and toroidal energies, and the maximum Nusselt number and helicity over a period, for several resolutions. The parameters of the periodic solution are Pr = 10−2, E = 10−3 and Ra = 16 010. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-period-along-the-branches-of-periodic-orbits-versus-1tsrz01n.png FIG. 1. Period along the branches of periodic orbits versus the Rayleigh number. Solid lines mean stable solutions and dashed lines unstable. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-snapshots-of-the-velocity-field-arrows-superposed-to-3m8wle57.png FIG. 5. Snapshots of the velocity field (arrows) superposed to the contour plots of the temperature for a period of oscillation of a stable solution of E = 10−3, Pr = 10−2, and Ra = 12 209. At left from top to bottom t = 0, T/8, T/4, 3T/8, and at right from top to bottom t = T/2, 5T/8, 3T/4, 7T/8. The radial, equatorial, and meridional lines indicate the place where the sections are taken. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-poincare-sections-taken-at-01-rm-0-for-e-10-3-pr-10-unfum5j7.png FIG. 9. (a) Poincaré sections taken at 01(rm ) = 0, for E = 10−3, Pr = 10−2, showing the evolution of the shape of the two-tori up to the appearance of the third frequency. The Rayleigh numbers are 12 200, 12 300, 12 500, 12 700, 13 000, 13 400, 13 700, 14 000, 14 400, 15 200, 16 000, 17 000, 18 500, 20 000, 20 500, 21 000, 21 150; (b) evolution of the three-tori up to the appearance of temporal chaotic solutions for Ra = 21 150, 21 170, 21 200, and 21 250. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-b-surface-corresponding-to-the-unstable-manifold-of-2pxt2gz9.png FIG. 13. (a, b) Surface corresponding to the unstable manifold of a cycle and contained in the stable manifold of another, at Ra = 10 000 (in magenta online), and the Poincaré section cutting the 01(rm ) = 0 hyperplane (in blue online). (c) Same surface shown with a different variable in the z axis, including the unstable periodic orbit of the main branch. (d) Same representation as in panel (b) for the resonant three-torus at Ra = 8400. The other parameters are E = 10−4, Pr = 10−3. https://scispace.com/papers/total-anatomical-reconstruction-during-robot-assisted-1v07n9na46 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-3f8mp4rn.png Fig. 9. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-vh4dnrpc.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-3aloj80g.png Fig. 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-7yz4ogav.png Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-27n7fge2.png Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-3a576nim.png Fig. 8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-2bozg6jw.png Fig. 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-20wqbgdw.png Fig. 14. https://scispace.com/papers/total-cost-of-ownership-of-electric-vehicles-using-energy-55hv4121ah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-price-of-the-charged-energy-eur-kwh-2s6brgrh.png TABLE IV. PRICE OF THE CHARGED ENERGY [€/KWH] https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-tco-km-eur-2q1foxve.png TABLE V. TCO/KM [€] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dependance-of-the-charging-costs-and-of-the-tco-km-2we24twz.png Figure 2: Dependance of the charging costs and of the TCO/km from the travelled distance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-microgrid-under-construction-at-the-university-ec1tt8jw.png Figure 1: The microgrid under construction at the University of Trieste, Italy https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-pv-energy-flows-2s53a14y.png TABLE II. PV ENERGY FLOWS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-main-cost-parameters-kfw41lon.png TABLE I. MAIN COST PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-charging-energy-flows-mflxithi.png TABLE III. CHARGING ENERGY FLOWS https://scispace.com/papers/total-cross-sections-for-positron-scattering-on-argon-and-2i9bkuq2yh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-total-cross-sections-for-electron-and-positron-inzlc5kt.png Fig. 3. Total cross sections for electron and positron scattering on krypton. Trento data: Zecca et al. [7] and present. Detroit data: Dababneh et al. [3]. Garc ıa et al. [12]. Lines, semiempirical fit with formula (3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-total-cross-sections-for-electron-and-positron-1ze7qzea.png Fig. 2. Total cross sections for electron and positron scattering on argon. Trento data: Zecca et al. [6] and present. Detroit data: Kauppila et al. [2], Stein et al. [9]. Garc ıa et al. [12]. Lines, semiempirical fit with formula (3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-drawing-of-the-scattering-cell-and-the-3c04pjnb.png Fig. 1. A schematic drawing of the scattering cell and the beam-forming region in the present experiment. Dimensions of the slits in mm (width height) are given. https://scispace.com/papers/total-factor-productivity-and-the-institutional-possibility-o41ao5zayr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cultural-characteristics-and-types-of-societies-25tapf37.png Table 1. Cultural characteristics and types of societies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-space-of-policies-leading-to-the-long-run-1dw8ecju.png Figure 2. The space of policies leading to the long run growth 20 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-optimal-combinations-of-and-for-capitalists-rentier-1e6fvws9.png Figure 4. Optimal combinations of and for capitalists, rentier and maximum growth, A = 0.65 24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optimal-combinations-of-and-for-capitalists-rentier-1lx12e1t.png Figure 3. Optimal combinations of and for capitalists, rentier and maximum growth, A = 0.5 23 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-optimal-combinations-of-and-for-capitalists-rentier-u03abv30.png Figure 5. Optimal combinations of and for capitalists, rentier and maximum growth, A = 1 25 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-institutional-possibilities-15-1658c36p.png Figure 1. Institutional possibilities 15 https://scispace.com/papers/total-stress-analysis-of-soft-clay-ground-response-in-2f8rgnpf77 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-configuration-of-six-models-analyzed-in-this-study-1xctaqmg.png Table 1. Configuration of six models analyzed in this study. 598 https://scispace.com/papers/total-internal-partition-sums-for-the-hitran2020-database-1g2m0aoj7s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-vibrational-normal-mode-wavenumbers-in-cm-1for-1ftuawwx.png Table 2. Vibrational normal mode wavenumbers in cm-1for 32S19F6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-molecule-number-chemical-formula-isotopologue-number-25tnpc06.png Table 1 Molecule number, chemical formula, isotopologue number (ISO#), AFGL code, state independent degeneracy factor (gi), Q(296 K), and Tmax in K. https://scispace.com/papers/touchscreen-generation-children-s-current-media-use-parental-2bgke5fcn9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-childrens-weekly-media-use-hours-per-week-1-3feakej5.png Table 2. Children’s weekly media use (hours per week). 1 https://scispace.com/papers/touring-the-comuna-memory-and-transformation-in-medellin-mq40vp5epo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-graffiti-depicting-the-mariscal-military-and-2ym9qzod.png Figure 3. A graffiti depicting the ‘Mariscal’ military and paramilitary operation in Comuna 13. https://scispace.com/papers/toughening-a-superstrong-carbon-crystal-sequential-bond-11ismo9x91 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-stress-strain-relations-of-pbam-32-carbon-obtained-2n5iwfy6.png FIG. 5. Stress-strain relations of Pbam-32 carbon obtained from first-principles calculations performed using the GGA functional under shear strains along various indicated crystallographic directions. The ideal shear strength is defined by the lowest peak stress along the (010)[100] shear slip direction, which is marked by a cross on the data point at a shear strain of 0.20. The postpeak stress responses exhibit an unusually gentle descent trend in an extended strain range from 0.20 to 0.23, showing improved ductility, in contrast to the precipitous decline normally seen in superstrong crystals [5–7,44,45,52–55] that host the same type of covalent bonds arranged in more directionally anisotropic patterns. The lowest and highest stress response curves calculated using the LDA functional are also presented by the indicated solid lines to illustrate the effect of different exchange-correlation functionals and to make a comparison with previously reported data for diamond and c-BN obtained from LDA calculations [6], as shown in Table I. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-c-the-structural-snapshots-and-e-g-the-corresponding-3ovv6q53.png FIG. 4. (a)–(c) The structural snapshots and (e)–(g) the corresponding charge distribution (showing the charge isosurface at 1.0 e/Å3) of Pbam-32 carbon deformed in the easy (i.e., with the lowest peak stress) 〈010〉 tensile direction at key strains between the peak stress (strain = 0.12) and bond-breaking (strain = 0.16) point. Also shown are the tensile strain evolution of selected (d) bond lengths and (h) bond angles in the crystal structure, showcasing the highly nonuniform, sequential bond-weakening and -breaking patterns in the severely strained Pbam-32 carbon structure. Bonds between two carbon atoms are considered broken when there is no obvious charge between the two atoms involved. While there is some degree of ambiguity involved in this criterion, which depends on the choice of the cutoff charge amount, the distinct sequential bond elongation and breaking pattern is clearly defined and robust. All the examined bond angles reach 120◦ at a tensile strain of 0.16 after the release of the initially built up strain energy when the crystal structure graphitizes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-calculated-peak-stresses-in-gpa-of-pbam-32-carbon-39pf5vrn.png TABLE I. Calculated peak stresses (in GPa) of Pbam-32 carbon along the easy and hard directions under tensile and shear deformations, compared with the results for diamond and c-BN. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-perspective-view-of-the-bonding-structure-of-pbam32-1d7ndszh.png FIG. 1. A perspective view of the bonding structure of Pbam32 carbon crystal [31]. Spheres in different colors indicate distinct groups of carbon atoms with inequivalent connecting features in the crystal structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-stress-strain-relations-of-pbam-32-carbon-obtained-3q8met95.png FIG. 3. Stress-strain relations of Pbam-32 carbon obtained from first-principles calculations performed using the GGA functional under tensile strains along various indicated crystallographic directions. The ideal tensile strength is defined by the lowest peak stress along the 〈010〉 tensile direction, which is marked by a cross on the data point at a tensile strain of 0.12. The postpeak stress responses exhibit an unusually gentle descent trend in an extended strain range from 0.12 to 0.16, showing improved ductility, in contrast to the precipitous decline normally seen in superstrong crystals [5–7,44,45,52–55] that host the same type of covalent bonds arranged in more directionally anisotropic patterns. The lowest and highest stress response curves calculated using the LDA functional are also presented by the corresponding solid symbols to illustrate the effect of different exchange-correlation functionals and to make comparison with previously reported data for diamond and c-BN obtained from LDA calculations [6], as shown in Table I. We have performed additional calculations in a (1×1×2) supercell to explore the stress responses along 〈001〉 tensile strains using both LDA and GGA functionals. The ideal strengths obtained in the unit cell and supercell coincide with each other well, which certifies the feasibility and validity of this method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-calculated-a-three-dimensional-linear-compressibility-3mfwzo2k.png FIG. 2. Calculated (a) three-dimensional linear compressibility modulus, (b) shear modulus, and (c) Young’s modulus for Pbam-32 carbon. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-c-the-structural-snapshots-and-e-g-the-corresponding-4zy01cir.png FIG. 6. (a)–(c) The structural snapshots and (e)–(g) the corresponding charge distribution (showing charge isosurface at 1.0 e/Å3) of Pbam-32 carbon deformed in the easy (i.e., with the lowest peak stress) (010)[100] shear slip direction at key strains between the peak stress (strain = 0.20) and bond-breaking (strain = 0.23) point. Also shown are the shear strain evolution of selected (d) bond lengths and (h) bond angles in the crystal structure, showcasing the highly nonuniform, sequential bond-weakening and -breaking patterns in the severely strained Pbam-32 carbon structure. The same as in the case of tensile deformation, bonds between two carbon atoms are considered broken when there is no obvious charge between the two atoms involved. While there is some degree of ambiguity involved in this criterion, which depends on the choice of the cutoff charge amount, the distinct sequential bond elongation and breaking pattern is clearly defined and robust. It is noted that, however, unlike in the case of tensile deformation shown in Fig. 4, not all the examined bond angles reach 120◦ at a shear strain of 0.23 after the release of the initially built up strain energy since the crystal structure does not graphitize, but instead transforms into a mixed sp2 + sp3 bonding network configuration. https://scispace.com/papers/tourism-demand-and-economic-growth-in-spain-new-insights-2thobmp5w6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-and-unconditional-jrag4ff9.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics and unconditional correlations on the transformed series (twelfth month difference). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-monthly-international-tourist-arrivals-to-spain-2zd9rkol.png Figure 1: Monthly international tourist arrivals to Spain https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dcc-garch-11-model-estimates-with-control-variables-ai3la31v.png Table 4: DCC-GARCH(1,1) model estimates with control variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-continued-15ikuusj.png Figure 4: Continued https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dynamic-conditional-correlations-the-impact-of-348awcf2.png Figure 4: Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-benchmark-dcc-garch-11-model-estimates-2swvi0el.png Table 3: Benchmark DCC-GARCH(1,1) model estimates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spanish-yield-spread-levels-versus-twelfth-month-8a6ckvrw.png Figure 3: Spanish yield spread levels versus twelfth month difference https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unit-root-tests-of-the-transformed-series-twelfth-28cwb8ci.png Table 2: Unit root tests of the transformed series (twelfth month difference) https://scispace.com/papers/tourism-planning-and-development-the-case-of-portugal-s-4iqcy57mez 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-tourism-activity-indicators-nights-spent-in-tourism-3v2pqe5e.png Table 7 - Tourism activity indicators – Nights spent in tourism accommodations in the Norte region, 2004–2014 (in millions) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tourism-resources-by-tourist-regions-of-northern-2wlabt2s.png Table 1 - Tourism resources by tourist regions of northern Portugal https://scispace.com/papers/tourism-trade-and-domestic-welfare-2l5atyol1u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3clz2idx.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3lxul681.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2uj75r5k.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3gs5qs60.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/tournaments-and-piece-rates-revisited-a-theoretical-and-15xlwwkr2n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-efforts-and-frequency-by-contract-the-72g4s8xw.png Figure 3: Average efforts and frequency by contract. The average effort invested by agents under each contract (top) and the number of times the contract was chosen by principals (bottom) (see Figure 2 for a mapping of contracts to points on the triangle). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-contracts-with-an-expected-output-of-2x-e-all-34wlklzj.png Figure 1: Contracts with an expected output of 2x̂ + ε. All contracts (combinations of α, β, ω) lie on the triangle which is the non-negative part of the plane defined by (4). The gradual shading of the triangle corresponds to the expected profit of the principal. The darker the shade, the more profitable the contract is. The most attractive contract from the principal’s perspective is located at the intersection of the plane with the β axis, where only the output-dependent prize is used. The least attractive contract is at the intersection of the plane with the ω axis, where only a piece rate is paid. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-available-contracts-the-triangular-plane-on-the-89jsrzeu.png Figure 2: Available contracts. The triangular plane on the left is a specific case of the one in 1, with the parameters used in the experiment. The triangle on the right corresponds to the plane on the left, and details the value of each incentive component for each of the 15 contracts that were available to principals. The three numbers in each circle, from top to bottom, are the values of α, β, and ω. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-principals-contract-dynamics-s-wilcoxon-signed-rank-c0o193nq.png Table 1: Principals’ contract dynamics. S – Wilcoxon signed rank sum test statistic; p – significance level https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-group-efforts-all-observations-each-of-the-48-39jy0n2r.png Figure 5: Mean group efforts – all observations. Each of the 48 (16 groups × 3 phases) plots describes average efforts for a specific group in one (10-round) phase. The horizontal axis in each plot is the ‘round’ axis, going from 1 (left) to 10 (right), and the vertical axis is the effort axis, going from 0 (bottom) to 30 (top). The horizontal line in each plot marks the equilibrium effort of 20. Each plot is labeled with information regarding the group, phase, and the contract that was in effect. The group number (1-16) is prefixed by ‘G’; the phase number (1-3) by ‘S’; and the 3 numbers separated by dashes pertain to the α, β, and ω components of the contract that was chosen by the principal for the phase. For example, the top left plot is labeled ‘G1 P1 0-6-5’. This means that the data pertains to average efforts of group number one during the first phase, and that the principal chose α = 0, β = 6, and ω = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-principal-profits-by-contract-the-numbers-on-the-2b7usmv7.png Figure 4: Principal profits by contract. The numbers on the left are the theoretical (top; assuming that agents choose equilibrium efforts) and empirical (bottom) profits of the principals for each available contract. The numbers on the right are rankings of the theoretical and empirical principal profits which appear on the left (see Figure 2 for a mapping of contracts to points on the triangles). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-efforts-of-agents-as-a-function-of-the-level-q8l94fgi.png Figure 6: Mean efforts of agents as a function of the level of each contract component and of the theoretical principal payoff, with Tobit regression lines. Each dot represents the average efforts of members of a single group in one phase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-frequency-of-contract-choices-as-a-function-of-the-2b66g5a8.png Figure 7: Frequency of contract choices as a function of the level of each contract component and of the theoretical principal payoff, with linear regression lines. Each small dot represents one of the 15 available contracts. Larger dots indicate that multiple contracts share the same frequency and horizontal-axis value. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-a-cognitive-based-approach-for-knowledge-structuring-nxk3ara023 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-artur-project-1wgw2cl3.png Fig. 1. ARTUR project https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-context-aware-knowledge-structuring-process-1yn6tm41.png Fig. 3. Context-aware knowledge structuring process https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-process-of-knowlegde-granularity-structuring-17y0h9mp.png Fig. 2. Process of knowlegde granularity structuring https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-global-illustration-of-the-cognitive-knowledge-2hvnrvf2.png Fig. 4. Global illustration of the cognitive knowledge structuring approach https://scispace.com/papers/tournois-sans-intervalle-acyclique-lii7gvg4gc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-les-arcs-non-representes-sont-orientes-de-bas-en-haut-3bqa062u.png Fig. 1. Les arcs non représentés sont orientés de bas en haut. Sont représentés les deux 4-tournois a-indécomposables et les quatre 5-tournois a-indécomposables. Seul le 1er des 5-tournois est décomposable. Le 4ème , noté −→ C2, est critiquement a-indécomposable. Les 2ème et 3ème sont critiquement indécomposables mais non critiquement a-indécomposables (voir définitions paragraphe 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-larete-uv-peut-etre-orientee-au-choix-dans-un-des-deux-eq6o11ff.png Fig. 2. L’arête uv peut être orientée au choix dans un des deux sens. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-a-common-framework-and-database-of-materials-for-soft-d8jjmxexke 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-specimens-fabrication-steps-1-c-mixing-of-the-two-3asw51hv.png Fig. 1. Specimens fabrication steps: 1© Mixing of the two parts, 2© de-airing the mixture, 3© pouring into molds 4©, curing for 24h, 5© measuring the dimensions, 6© inspecting the quality. *4 min for PlatSilGel-10, Mold Star 16 FAST and Body Double SILK https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-dragonskin-fx-pro-specimen-inspected-with-ijtxrw1h.png Fig. 2. Example of DragonSkin FX Pro specimen inspected with backlight. The presence of bubbles were only allowed in the shoulders in the region that are clamped in the grips as in (A) but this sample was discarded due to the presence of one bubble in the gauge-length (B). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-constitutive-model-parameters-the-units-of-3asdc7x1.png TABLE III CONSTITUTIVE MODEL PARAMETERS (THE UNITS OF PARAMETERS ARE EXPRESSED IN MPA) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-between-experimental-data-and-predictions-356osm17.png Fig. 7. Comparison between experimental data and predictions from least-squares fitting through Neo-Hookean, Mooney Rivlin, Yeoh, Ogden and VerondaWestmann models for the Ecoflex 00-10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-uniaxial-tensile-stress-stretch-pull-to-290kldgq.png Fig. 5. Experimental uniaxial tensile stress-stretch pull to failure responses with 95 % confidence bands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-up-to-failure-tensile-test-stress-stretch-data-at-five-yjijttgl.png Fig. 6. Up to failure tensile test stress-stretch data, at five different strain rates, for SOLOPLAST 150318 and Psycho Paint. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-uniaxial-tensile-stress-stretch-curves-from-five-lzfldbls.png Fig. 4. Uniaxial tensile stress-stretch curves from five repeated tensile pull-to-failure tests on the Dragon Skin FX-Pro specimens at a strain rate of 450 mm/min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-setup-for-of-the-tensile-test-and-details-xz93fpkk.png Fig. 3. Experimental setup for of the tensile test and details of the Instron mechanical wedge action grip of type 2710-010. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-a-construct-of-liability-of-origin-ucadmxzlbm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-key-information-of-the-case-firms-and-actors-in-the-hcpuo8bp.png Table 2: Key information of the case firms and actors in the legitimisation process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-model-of-liability-of-origin-txiwmd4w.png Figure 4: A model of liability of origin https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-strategy-to-overcome-the-liability-of-origin-2agmn5kj.png Figure 5: A strategy to overcome the liability of origin https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-dynamics-process-of-liability-of-origin-in-the-3lstk6lg.png Figure 3: The dynamics process of liability of origin in the case firms https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-liabilities-pathologies-in-the-literature-1ied4eqp.png Table 1: Liabilities pathologies in the Literature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-process-model-of-liability-of-origin-3uo8o7bx.png Figure 1: A process model of liability of origin https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-four-cell-typology-of-the-double-edged-sword-of-3pdf9093.png Figure 2: A four-cell typology of the double-edged sword of geographical https://scispace.com/papers/toward-a-computational-model-of-the-upper-extremity-3w25l7iq19 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-position-output-states-as-functions-of-time-the-13cbvv43.png Figure 3. The position output states as functions of time The Bryant angles in radians, and the Translation states in meters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-control-position-errors-in-radians-and-meters-1whldpt6.png Figure 4. The control position errors (in radians and meters) as functions of time. These errors mean that the achieved coordination could be better. The system falls behind in time in following the reference input signals that define the desired coordination. Given enough time however, the system catches up with the inputs and all terminal errors tend to zero, as shown here. The system is stable. The point to point motion is adequate. Coordination, as specified by the inputs, is not adequate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-reference-input-position-state-trajectories-3bb1qu3x.png Figure 1. The reference input position state trajectories. Bryant angles are in radians and Translation states are in meters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-interpolated-bias-force-vector-u3-in-newtons-2is3g4lh.png Figure 2. The interpolated bias force vector U3- in Newtons https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-force-of-contact-in-newtons-and-the-magnitude-16lve7eg.png Figure 5. The force of contact in Newtons and the magnitude of the constraint in meters as functions of time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-control-signals-u1-in-newton-meters-u2-and-u3-in-2k45kqlb.png Figure 6. Control signals U1, in Newton-meters, U2 and U3 in Newtons. as functions of time https://scispace.com/papers/toward-a-deeper-understanding-of-enzyme-reactions-using-the-c4gr2op2yq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-numbering-of-the-atoms-in-e-that-are-used-in-the-3rvxqvo5.png Figure 3. Numbering of the atoms in ε that are used in the ELF calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-combined-elf-and-nci-surfaces-of-the-critical-14vjs40x.png Figure 2. Combined ELF and NCI surfaces of the critical structures for the reaction catalyzed by the ε subunit with Mg2+ and Mn2+. Only atoms subjected to the ELF analysis are shown; the rest of the QM subsystem is omitted for clarity. Panels a, b, and c show the reactant, TS, and product for Mg2+, respectively. Panels d, e, and f correspond to the reactant, TS, and product for Mn2+, respectively. The isovalue for ELF is 0.87, and for NCI it is 0.5 au with the color scale −0.1 au < sign(λ2)ρ < 0.1 au. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nci-analysis-for-the-reactant-ts-state-1-and-20cqx8fb.png Figure 1. NCI analysis for the reactant, TS (state 1), and transphosphorilation structure (state 2) of Polλ with Mg2+ and Mn2+ (the isovalue is 0.4 au, and the color scale is −0.04 au < sign(λ2)ρ < 0.04 au). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distributed-moments-m0-population-m1-first-moment-3tgf7pyd.png Figure 4. Distributed moments, M0 (population), M1 (first moment), and M2 (second moment) of V(O6,P1) and V(O12,P1) and the distances (d(O6,P1) and d(O12,P1), in Å, along the reaction (a, b are for the reactions catalyzed by Mg2+ and Mn2+, respectively). https://scispace.com/papers/toward-a-distributed-storage-system-leveraging-the-dsl-5777pfm1wb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-proposed-architecture-depicted-on-a-simple-19mg6722.png Fig. 1. The proposed architecture depicted on a simple overview of the DSL infrastructure of an ISP. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-a-more-robust-variance-based-global-sensitivity-38jenwymsw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ishigami-function-convergence-history-for-the-e2s-1lqqrmzc.png Figure 3: Ishigami function: convergence history for the η2’s (black horizontal lines- true values) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ishigami-function-convergence-history-for-the-e2s-2dhqsh5w.png Figure 5: Ishigami function: convergence history for the η2’s (black horizontal lines- true values) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-scatter-plot-from-replicated-latin-35lgjpfz.png Figure 1: An example scatter plot from replicated Latin hypercube sampling https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-polynomial-function-convergence-history-for-the-e2s-141xg7bs.png Figure 4: Polynomial function: convergence history for the η2’s (black horizontal lines- true values) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sobol-function-convergence-history-for-the-e2s-19h0pvxn.png Figure 2: Sobol’ function: convergence history for the η2’s (black horizontal lines- true values) https://scispace.com/papers/toward-a-more-accurate-3d-atlas-of-c-elegans-neurons-25xiumvpli 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-dropout-performance-40-run-average-alignment-ahoz09io.png Figure 8. Dropout Performance (40 run average): Alignment accuracy after aligning the OpenWorm atlas to the OpenWorm atlas with random points removed and perturbed as a group in a random direction in x, y, and z each at up to 5 microns. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cropping-performance-40-run-average-alignment-8lbplup3.png Figure 6. Cropping Performance (40 run average): Alignment accuracy after aligning OpenWorm data cropped to the head to OpenWorm data cropped at various x-coordinates and perturbed as a group in a random direction in x, y, and z each at up to 5 microns. At x = 0, the atlas cropping isolates the head. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sagittal-a-and-transverse-b-views-of-our-neuropal-nr57uioa.png Figure 4. Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) views of our NeuroPal-derived atlas https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-gm-realistic-alignment-40-run-average-alignment-uhqguo87.png Figure 11. GM Realistic Alignment (40 run average): Alignment accuracy using GM Realistic with various atlases and number of colors. Dashed lines denote tests wherein the head and tail of the atlas were cropped out. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-cpd-deformable-alignment-40-run-average-alignment-33apl85w.png Figure 10. CPD Deformable Alignment (40 run average): Alignment accuracy using CPD Deformable with various atlases and number of colors. Dashed lines denote tests wherein the head and tail of the atlas were cropped out. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-cpd-rigid-alignment-40-run-average-alignment-26h9wujp.png Figure 9. CPD Rigid Alignment (40 run average): Alignment accuracy using CPD Rigid with various atlases and number of colors. Dashed lines denote tests wherein the head and tail of the atlas were cropped out. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-c-elegans-atlases-from-white-et-al-blue-and-1ovgci9a.png Figure 1. C. elegans atlases from White et al. (blue) and OpenWorm (red), after straightening and uniform scaling using a corrected version of (Marblestone, 2016), with axial projections, unequal scaling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-diagram-of-our-neuropal-atlas-construction-and-r8u4sw7n.png Figure 2. Diagram of our NeuroPAL atlas construction and alignment pipeline, with each algorithm labeled. The * denotes the neuron positions after canonicalization. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-a-predictive-assessment-of-stab-penetration-forces-1debkvprqz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-biaxial-device-10-1p6t1x2p.png Figure 1: Illustration of biaxial device.10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-maximum-penetration-force-as-a-function-of-the-3siis553.png Figure 4: The maximum penetration force as a function of the characteristic blade dimensions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-indicative-blade-dimensions-a-blade-b-tip-angle-2z8l1b61.png Figure 3: Indicative blade dimensions (a) blade (b) Tip angle (zoom at A) (c) Tip radius (zoom at C) (d) cutting angle (cross section B-B) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-numerical-progression-of-a-carving-knife-through-1gxncl4e.png Figure 2: Numerical progression of a carving knife through human skin (units in Pa). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evaluated-regression-coefficients-using-stab-metric-3mav85by.png Table 1: Evaluated regression coefficients using stab metric. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-a-standardization-of-ultrasound-scanners-for-dynamic-4bz0oo06wm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spherical-phantom-of-50-mm-diameter-with-agar-agar-gel-1bt859m3.png Fig. 1. Spherical phantom of 50-mm diameter with agar-agar gel and its contrast-enhanced ultrasound image obtained with a VRI-coded technique. VRI 5 vascular recognition imaging. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ultrasound-scanners-settings-2rhajphp.png Table 1. Ultrasound scanners settings https://scispace.com/papers/toward-an-environment-for-comprehending-distributed-systems-3d8n8ubx66 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-communication-endpoints-1rb3indo.png Figure 3. Communication Endpoints https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-java-language-data-model-1n74esll.png Figure 4. Java Language data model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-architecture-of-the-software-comprehension-2g9aex7w.png Figure 1. Architecture of the software comprehension environment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-deployment-architecture-of-jetty-tear-example-przg716x.png Figure 5. Deployment architecture of Jetty-Tear example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-data-gathering-subsystem-1zo6pv25.png Figure 2. Data Gathering Subsystem https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-interaction-diagram-of-jetty-tear-example-144ujv8w.png Figure 6. Interaction diagram of Jetty-Tear example https://scispace.com/papers/toward-an-enhanced-mutual-awareness-in-asymmetric-cve-bq2tdvsmx1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-internal-black-loop-shows-the-classical-10krv59x.png Figure 2: The internal black loop shows the classical continuous awareness loop and the external orange loop illustrates the new asymmetric loop that handles the analysis feedback. III. AN ASYMMETRIC LOOP TO IMPROVE COLLABORATOR’S AWARENESS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-difference-of-time-between-the-visitor-validation-1850cmqo.png Figure 4: Difference of time between the visitor validation and the subject estimation: (a) Globally, (b) when subject validated after the visitor, (c) and regarding the availability of o. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-an-understanding-of-aggregate-death-penalty-opinion-18dfwt7pkd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cross-correlations-between-number-of-death-penalty-zd9b26al.png Figure 6: Cross-correlations between Number of Death Penalty Stories and Death Penalty Support. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cross-correlations-between-number-of-death-penalty-1k84f5ax.png Figure 7: Cross-correlations between Number of Death Penalty Stories Focused on Fairness and Death Penalty Support. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cross-correlations-between-violent-crime-rates-and-18rqijp3.png Figure 4: Cross-correlations between Violent Crime Rates and Death Penalty Support. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cross-correlations-between-number-of-homicides-and-c2901bg7.png Figure 5: Cross-correlations between Number of Homicides and Death Penalty Support. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cross-correlations-between-number-of-capital-2vjkyw2s.png Figure 1: Cross-correlations between Number of Capital Punishment Songs and Death Penalty Support. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cross-correlations-between-number-of-anti-capital-272v8cn1.png Figure 8: Cross-correlations between Number of Anti-Capital Punishment Stories and Death Penalty Support. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cross-correlations-between-number-of-violent-crimes-1mx7zlzc.png Figure 3: Cross-correlations between Number of Violent Crimes and Death Penalty Support. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cross-correlations-between-number-of-executions-and-3huwwjmd.png Figure 2: Cross-correlations between Number of Executions and Death Penalty Support. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-an-integrated-design-methodology-for-fault-tolerant-4igvmw6ceh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-application-of-noc-wrapper-to-reusing-legacy-bus-34upkghy.png Figure 1. Application of NoC wrapper to reusing legacy bus-based IPs. The main idea is to use this wrapper instead of redesigning the cores from an already existing library. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gasp-based-asynchronous-bus-design-q22ouj0c.png Figure 4. GasP-based asynchronous bus design. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-mixed-clock-mixed-voltage-buffer-used-for-2zo1ri6m.png Figure 5. A mixed-clock(/mixed-voltage) buffer used for communication between IPs and adjacent routers, or between routers in a tile-based architecture. To support bidirectional channels, two buffers would be needed for each such channel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-proposed-design-methodology-for-on-chip-isxncf7n.png Figure 3. The proposed design methodology for on-chip communication of multiple clock/voltage integrated systems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-on-chip-diversity-a-tile-structure-b-possible-3p3di8jw.png Figure 2. On-chip diversity: (a) Tile structure; (b) Possible heterogeneous communication structures. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-an-understanding-of-the-progenitors-of-gamma-ray-3pfswz2xzw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4-median-binned-portion-of-the-host-spectrum-near-1w7syayl.png Figure 5.4 Median-binned portion of the host spectrum near the Balmer decrement. Top panel: Overlaid are Bruzual & Charlot (1993) galaxy synthesis models assuming a varying time of constant star formation. Bottom panel: Overlaid are Bruzual & Charlot (1993) galaxy synthesis models assuming an instantaneous burst of star-formation occurred τ years since observation. Clearly the host continuum could not be dominated by a young population of stars (τ = 10 Myr). See text for a discussion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2-images-of-the-field-of-grb-980326-at-three-epochs-311nnkav.png Figure 7.2 Images of the field of GRB 980326 at three epochs. Each images shows a 54′′× 54′′ region centered on the optical transient (labeled “OT”). In all the images, the local background has been subtracted by a median filter and the resulting image smoothed (with a two-dimensional Gaussian with σ = 0′′.23). An unrelated faint source “f” in the field is noted for comparison of the relative limiting flux between the three epochs: it is marginally detected (at the ∼ 2-σ level) on March 27 and April 17 but well detected on December 18. In contrast the OT is brighter and better detected (at the 4.6-σ level, see text and §7.C) on April 17 but clearly not detected to fainter levels on December 18 (R > 27.3 mag; see table 7.1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-1-grb-supernovae-associations-which-are-truly-s-grbs-3q7dcl33.png Table 9.1. GRB/Supernovae Associations: Which are Truly S-GRBs? https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-the-radial-distribution-of-coalescing-neutron-2w12mv0p.png Figure 2.3 The radial distribution of coalescing neutron stars around galaxies of various potentials. The letters refer to runs in table 1. In all scenarios, at least 50% of the mergers occur within 10 kpc of the host galaxy. The wider radial distribution of in the under-luminous galaxy scenarios (a,c) reflects the smaller gravitational potential of under-luminous galaxies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-schematic-of-plausible-theoretical-scenarios-for-2w2kw4nu.png Figure 1.3 Schematic of plausible theoretical scenarios for the progenitors of classic gamma-ray bursts. In merger scenarios, the primary star (more massive at ZAMS) is depicted as the bottom component. The dominant production channel for each scenario is shown. The (rough) relative in-spiral time due to gravitational radiation for the four scenarios at top are shown (e.g., BH–He mergers occur, in general, much more rapidly than NS–NS or NS–WD mergers). AIC = “accretion-induced collapse”; SN = supernova explosion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-3-synthetic-magnitudes-of-primary-standard-stars-1ev0utq6.png Table 10.3. Synthetic Magnitudes of Primary Standard Stars Through the JCAM Filter Set https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-anatomy-of-a-gamma-ray-burst-explosion-the-dark-33ypy388.png Figure 1.1 Anatomy of a gamma-ray burst explosion. The dark circle represents the newly formed spinning black hole at the center of an imploding star (or merging compact binary system). The longlived afterglow emission that we see arises from the swept-up material; in this material, relativistic electrons radiate sychrotron light in an amplified magnetic field. Due to the extreme velocity of the jet, the whole sequence of events is compressed in time as viewed from Earth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-2-picture-of-jcam-mounted-at-the-east-arm-with-10ocuihj.png Figure 10.2 Picture of JCAM mounted at the East Arm with labeling of JCAM components; looking north-easterly from the stairs inside the East Arm. The f/16 image plane rests at the field lens stage. The light is collimated at the collimator stage, then split by the dichroic and passed through the filter wheel for each camera (JCAM0 = red side; JCAM 1 = blue side). The black and light gray cables from the two Apogee cameras and the filter wheels are connected to the JCAM computer and peripherals (not shown) lower down on the East Arm bench (see fig. 10.4). https://scispace.com/papers/toward-an-unified-representation-for-imitation-of-human-tzxxp6m8hr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-armar-iii-with-sensor-head-1td6gf1e.png Fig. 1. ARMAR III with sensor head https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-example-frames-top-projected-result-from-the-hmc-2gh9jsbc.png Fig. 6. Example frames. Top: Projected result from the HMC system. Middle: 3D Visualization with the HMC model. Bottom: 3D Visualization of the MMM representation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-visualization-of-the-image-processing-line-2c2ztg2o.png Fig. 2. Visualization of the image processing line https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-number-of-degrees-of-freedom-and-euler-angle-2kiit1ug.png TABLE I NUMBER OF DEGREES OF FREEDOM AND EULER ANGLE CONVENTIONS FOR THE JOINTS OF THE MMM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-a-marker-based-human-motion-capture-vi77rt91.png Fig. 3. Illustration of a marker-based human motion capture setup from [8] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-illustration-of-the-mmm-kinematic-model-2rede7af.png Fig. 4. Illustration of the MMM kinematic model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-illustration-of-the-proposed-framework-182wnbco.png Fig. 5. Illustration of the proposed framework https://scispace.com/papers/toward-an-understanding-of-the-thermosensitive-behaviour-of-e8acfp26yn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-temperature-evolution-of-a-wavenumber-position-o-of-b4lwssx3.png Fig. 6 Temperature-evolution of: (a) wavenumber position o of the mode n(CQC)1 for b-CDPMA14 nanosponge hydrated with H2O + Na2CO3 10% at h = 4. (b) I(CQC)1/I(CQC)2 and I(CQO)/I(CQC)2 area ratios and (c) the dephasing time tdeph associated with the n(CQC)1 Raman mode. Dotted lines are guide to eyes to highlight the T-evolutions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-values-of-t-as-a-function-of-ph-measured-1mw9tncl.png Table 1 Estimated values of T* as a function of pH measured in the NS hydrogel matrix, obtained by hydrating b-CDPMA14 with aqueous solutions of Na2CO3 at different concentrations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-uv-raman-spectra-of-b-cdpma14-nanosponge-1bphdv13.png Fig. 2 Experimental UV Raman spectra of b-CDPMA14 nanosponge hydrated with H2O (cyan symbols) and H2O + Na2CO3 10% (red line) at h = 4 acquired at two different temperatures T = 310 and 360 K. Right panel: a schematic picture of the vibrational modes obtained for simulated bridging molecules,39 labelled as n(CQC)1 and n(CQC)2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-temperature-evolution-of-isotropic-raman-profiles-1831lhwa.png Fig. 4 (a) Temperature-evolution of isotropic Raman profiles for b-CDPMA14 nanosponge hydrated with H2O + Na2CO3 10% at h = 4. (b) Difference spectral intensities Idiff obtained as described in the text at various temperatures T. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temperature-evolution-of-polarized-ivv-and-depolarized-3iszod1z.png Fig. 3 Temperature-evolution of polarized IVV and depolarized IHV Raman intensities for b-CDPMA14 nanosponge hydrated with H2O + Na2CO3 10% at h = 4. Inset: the depolarization ratio r reported in the wavenumber range 1520–1630 cm 1. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-assessing-clinical-trial-publications-for-reporting-4vj3w3isti 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-regarding-the-annotation-of-1j5ljlnn.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics regarding the annotation of CONSORT checklist items in CONSORT-TM. SD: standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-regarding-50-manually-1k3r4ee6.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics regarding 50 manually annotated RCT articles in CONSORT-TM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-inter-annotator-agreement-calculated-by-masi-3evo3p9x.png Table 3: Inter-annotator agreement calculated by MASI formulation. SD: standard deviation; IQR: inter-quartile range. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-combining-four-base-models-the-results-3hx9vmh6.png Table 5: Results of combining four base models. The results for the base models are also provided for comparison. Best base model performances as well as best combination performances are in bold. PHR: phrase-based method; SECT: section header-based method; SVM: linear SVM model; BERT: BioBERT-based model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-inter-annotator-agreement-at-the-consort-item-level-2u63j4k3.png Figure 2: Inter-annotator agreement at the CONSORT item level, calculated using Krippendorff’s α.Items are color coded by their associated sections, as shown in the legend. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-automatic-detection-of-acute-stress-relevant-4898fet078 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-correctly-detected-nonverbal-features-2awvwgbn.png TABLE 2: PERCENTAGE OF CORRECTLY DETECTED NONVERBAL FEATURES IN THE COLLECTED VIDEO SEQUENCES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-extracted-nonverbal-features-approach-behavior-a-1zvzswhj.png Figure 3: Extracted nonverbal features. Approach behavior (a) and avoidance behavior (b) measured by the interocular distance (red line). Closed participant posture (c) indicated by a larger CI value compared with a more open posture indicated by a smaller CI value (d). COG (red circle) vertical displacement in (d) compared with the COG (red circle) position in (c). QoM of the face (e) and the body (f) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-boxplot-of-the-five-personality-traits-mean-scores-uxo0b8p3.png Figure 4: Boxplot of the five personality traits mean scores from all participants: extraversion (E), agreeableness (A), conscientiousness (C), neuroticism (N), openness to experience (O) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-anova-analysis-results-from-each-nonverbal-feature-2sl4svn5.png TABLE 3: ANOVA ANALYSIS RESULTS FROM EACH NONVERBAL FEATURE WITH EACH FACTOR. POST HOC COMPARISONS RESULTS ARE SHOWN IN THE FOOTNOTE REFERRED BY EACH SIGNIFICANT PVALUE (HIGHLIGHTED IN BOLD) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-view-of-the-set-up-174aef11.png Figure 1: Top view of the set-up https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-nonverbal-features-with-large-effect-sizes-d-0-8-186jluyg.png TABLE 4: NONVERBAL FEATURES WITH LARGE EFFECT SIZES (d > 0.8) OBTAINED BETWEEN EACH TASK OR STRESSFUL SUBTASK https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-significant-correlations-between-non-verbal-xbocggyg.png TABLE 5: SIGNIFICANT CORRELATIONS BETWEEN NON-VERBAL BEHAVIORS AND PERSONALITY TRAITS https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-steps-of-the-stress-induction-protocol-1azodnty.png TABLE 1: MAIN STEPS OF THE STRESS INDUCTION PROTOCOL https://scispace.com/papers/toward-broad-spectrum-autonomic-management-10lugbdkns 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-configuration-with-lcfg-1-administrators-create-fabric-3cydobyr.png Fig. 1. Configuration with LCFG. (1) Administrators create fabric specifications. (2) These are assembled into machine profiles. (3) Each machine receives its profile. (4) Components act on the profile to configure the machine. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-sketch-of-a-multi-resolution-system-note-that-18fnfgxq.png Fig. 2. A sketch of a multi-resolution system. Note that autonomic modules can provide either specification (as in (d), which might be an application parameter tuner), or bindings (as in (b) and (e), which might be a fault tolerance module). (c) might be a separately managed aspect, like hardware with its own specialists. (a) contains a low-resolution specification of the whole fabric’s goals, whereas by (f) almost all direct specification is derived from more general network properties. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-comparison-based-adaptive-operator-selection-4q8kf9td0b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-empirical-comparison-on-the-artificial-scenarios-for-1ljrq1dv.png Table 3: Empirical comparison on the Artificial Scenarios. For each of the analyzed techniques, on each problem and epoch length (∆T ), the first line shows the best configuration found by the F-Race; the second line shows the rate at which the given AOS scheme was able to select the best operator; while the last line shows the achieved cumulative reward. Both empirical measures are averaged over 50 runs, with the confidence interval being also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-aos-hyper-parameters-and-value-range-256zxe2l.png Table 1: AOS Hyper-parameters and value range https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-computation-of-auc-reward-only-two-operators-208nbamd.png Figure 1: Sample computation of AUC reward: only two operators are involved, and the sorted list contains the operators in the order (1 2 1 1 2 2 [2 2 1] 1 2 2 1), with [2 2 1] meaning that these 3 positions have the same raw reward, leading to the diagonal line between points (3 3) and (5 4) (dotted lines are spaced by 1). In case of decay, the width of the squares would decrease leftward and upward. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analysis-of-robustness-comparison-between-the-onemax-iiednht2.png Table 2: Analysis of robustness: comparison between the OneMax function (F = P n) and 3 of its monotonous transformations: log(F), exp (F) and (F)2. Avg(all) shows the average performance over 50 runs on all the 4 functions and (max−min) shows the performance difference between the best and the worst average for the given technique (The results on the transformed functions are omitted for space reasons). https://scispace.com/papers/toward-consistency-between-bottom-up-co-2-emissions-trends-13uxdz67ck 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-results-of-ensemble-empirical-mode-decomposition-s9hfkzkv.png Figure 10. Results of ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) (Huang et al., 1998; Wu and Huang, 2009) of the Cff time series calculated using Eq. (3) and the average, constant 114C of −954 ‰ for fossil fuel. The top set of panels show the raw data (a), noise (b), annual and semi-annual mode (c), and the trend + IMF 6 (d). The pattern of the trend+ IMF 6 shown in (d) is within 1σ uncertainty of no variation over this time period. The bottom two panels include the raw data after subtracting the average annual cycle (centered at zero) (e) and the trend+ IMF 6 for the modified data set (f). 30-day average temperatures (minus the overall average and scaled to match the magnitude of the Cff IMF; blue curve) are superimposed on the plot of IMF 3+ IMF 4 (c). Shaded regions in (f) indicate 1σ standard deviation of 300 Monte Carlo realizations with 13.7 % noise added, the ratio of the uncertainty in Cff to the standard deviation of the data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-attribution-of-co2-excess-in-pasadena-among-3tccrcha.png Figure 6. Attribution of CO2 excess in Pasadena among combustion of natural gas and petroleum and the biosphere. (a) Miller– Tans slopes for seasonal averages of monthly plots. Error bars are standard errors of the regression intercepts. (b) Attribution of Cxs among all three sources (natural gas, petroleum, and the biosphere), combining the information from114C and δ13C, using Miller–Tans slopes to determine the relative proportions of petroleum and natural gas combustion. Error bars are propagated from the errors in the δ13C intercepts and the 114C measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-comparison-of-pasadena-cng-atmospheric-myrgnptz.png Figure 14. Comparison of Pasadena Cng atmospheric concentration with area-integrated inventories of natural gas combustion, as well as the gridded Hestia-LA data product for southwest and northeast regional sectors for July and January months, respectively, in emissions/month (mo). Panel (a) compares the data from this paper with usage of natural gas by the electrical power sector; (b) shows the comparison with total natural gas consumption. Statewide inventories are given by EIA (2014) and CARB (2015) curves. Regional inventories include Hestia results and natural gas from power plants (CEC, 2014) in Los Angeles and Orange counties with monthly data (except Calabasas and Valencia). The vertical axes have been adjusted to allow easy comparison. This analysis is consistent with the increase in natural gas usage during the last few years. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-southern-california-showing-sampling-28wat1mk.png Figure 1. Map of southern California, showing sampling locations in Pasadena and Palos Verdes (red dots). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-diagram-showing-the-use-of-different-data-jzci566s.png Figure 2. Schematic diagram showing the use of different data sets for attribution of the sources of CO2 emissions. Mole fractions of background (bg) and observations are used to determine Cxs (excess over background/bg); 114C values are used to distinguish Cff (fossil fuel, ff) and Cbio (biosphere, bio); δ 13C compositions are used to distinguish Cpet (petroleum and/or gasoline, pet) from Cng (natural gas, ng). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-relevant-emissions-selection-from-the-hestia-la-1tlsqses.png Figure 13. Relevant emissions selection from the Hestia-LA data product. (a) Quadrants selected for investigation of CO2 emissions from the Hestia-LA data product, together with the 24-h back trajectories calculated by HYSPLIT for January (northeast quadrant) and July (southwest quadrant) 114C sampling days. The back trajectories end in Pasadena (red dot) at 14:00 PST. Monthly averaged time series for Hestia-LA data product Cff are shown from total petroleum combustion (b) and total natural gas combustion (c) for 2011 and 2012. For both the northeast quadrant of the Los Angeles region, the source of winter emissions, and the southwest quadrant, the source of summer emissions, the seasonal pattern is either flat (petroleum) or characterized by peaks during the winter (natural gas). But the summer emissions are always higher than those during winter, consistent with the observed top-down patterns for Cpet and Cng in Pasadena. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-annual-patterns-for-cff-in-pasadena-and-palos-1lbawvi2.png Figure 8. The annual patterns for Cff in Pasadena and Palos Verdes calculated as the best fit of two harmonics plus the average of the annual cycles (black curves). These patterns are consistent with seasonal differences in the back trajectories shown in Fig. 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-back-trajectories-24-h-for-winds-arriving-at-the-xjby6zxr.png Figure 7. Back trajectories (24 h) for winds arriving at the Pasadena site (red dot) at 14:00 PST for January (a) and July (b) 2011, calculated by HYSPLIT (Draxler and Rolph, 2015; Rolph, 2015) for all sampling days in January and selected sampling days in July, for clarity. Results for all sampling days are shown in Fig. A2. Arrows indicate the direction of air flow. Plus signs indicate 6, 12, and 18 h from the Pasadena site. The black dot is the location of the Palos Verdes site. The back trajectories for the Palos Verdes site show a similar pattern (Appendix Fig. A2). The back trajectories explain the difference between the annual cycles at the two sites, shown in Fig. 8. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-musical-noise-free-blind-speech-extraction-concept-7r7rmbx3qr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relation-between-number-of-iterations-of-iterative-37tudnee.png Fig. 5. Relation between number of iterations of iterative BSSA and cosine distance. Input SNR is (a) 10 dB, (b) 5 dB, and (c) 0 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-typical-examples-of-tfr-f-h1-f-h2-f-2-in-each-1v1k60u9.png Fig. 6. Typical examples of TFR(f) (|h1(f)/h2(f)|2) in each frequency subband, where solid and broken lines are different combinations of microphones. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-iterative-ss-32j7aypo.png Fig. 1. Block diagram of iterative SS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-cepstral-distortion-obtained-from-experiment-for-gsqp8bnl.png Fig. 8. Cepstral distortion obtained from experiment for traffic noise under 10-dB NRR condition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-kurtosis-ratio-obtained-from-experiment-for-traffic-b42a61o8.png Fig. 7. Kurtosis ratio obtained from experiment for traffic noise under 10-dB NRR condition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relation-between-nrr-and-kurtosis-ratio-obtained-from-cb7s3ucw.png Fig. 2. Relation between NRR and kurtosis ratio obtained from theoretical analysis for Gaussian noise case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-cepstral-distortion-obtained-from-experiment-for-1uc1zfpc.png Fig. 10. Cepstral distortion obtained from experiment for railway station noise under 10-dB NRR condition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-kurtosis-ratio-obtained-from-experiment-for-railway-2qwcxqux.png Fig. 9. Kurtosis ratio obtained from experiment for railway station noise under 10-dB NRR condition. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-optimization-of-multi-pulse-pulsed-field-1ko1iqew5m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-numerical-simulation-results-of-the-current-density-23nz4eys.png Fig. 11. Numerical simulation results of the current density distribution during the pulse rise time (t = 5, 10 ms) for a single pulse of 4.5 T (left; corresponding to the FM case in Fig. 3) and for a 2nd pulse of 4.5 T (right) with results from the single pulse used as the initial conditions (1st pulse). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-numerical-simulation-results-for-the-trapped-magnetic-fjxinqxj.png Fig. 14. Numerical simulation results for the trapped magnetic field at the centre of the top surface of the bulk (r = 0 mm, z = +0.5 mm) after PFM by a 3rd pulse at 77 K (t = +1 s from pulse start). The initial conditions for the 2nd and 3rd pulses correspond to the FM case for the preceding pulse (1st = 2.5 T, 2nd = 2.75 T). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-numerical-simulation-results-of-the-temperature-2cybkfpe.png Fig. 12. Numerical simulation results of the temperature distribution during the pulse rise time (t = 5, 10 ms) for a single pulse of 4.5 T (left; corresponding to the FM case in Fig. 3) and for a 2nd pulse of 4.5 T (right) with results from the single pulse used as the initial conditions (1st pulse). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-numerical-simulation-results-for-the-magnetic-flux-3h4bvmfw.png Fig. 13. Numerical simulation results for the magnetic flux penetration across the centre of the bulk during the rising pulse to its peak (5 ms increments; τ = 15 ms) for a single pulse of 4.5 T (solid lines) and for a 2nd pulse of 4.5 T (dashed lines) with results from the single pulse used as the initial conditions (1st pulse). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2d-axisymmetric-models-for-numerical-simulation-of-3qv76swo.png Fig. 1. 2D axisymmetric models for numerical simulation of multi-pulse PFM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-numerical-simulation-results-for-the-trapped-magnetic-1penie1b.png Fig. 16. Numerical simulation results for the trapped magnetic field at the centre of the top surface of the bulk (r = 0 mm, z = +0.5 mm) after PFM by a 3rd pulse at 50 K (t = +1 s from pulse start). The initial conditions for the 2nd and 3rd pulses correspond to the FM case for the preceding pulse (1st = 6 T, 2nd = 7 T). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-numerical-simulation-results-for-the-trapped-magnetic-1ahqaurq.png Fig. 15. Numerical simulation results for the trapped magnetic field at the centre of the top surface of the bulk (r = 0 mm, z = +0.5 mm) after PFM by a 3rd pulse at 65 K (t = +1 s from pulse start). The initial conditions for the 2nd and 3rd pulses correspond to the FM case for the preceding pulse (1st = 4.5 T, 2nd = 5 T). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-fc-zfc-magnetisation-trapped-fields-1zt29xtw.png TABLE I FC & ZFC MAGNETISATION TRAPPED FIELDS https://scispace.com/papers/toward-part-based-document-image-decoding-3iym0cnfc5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-output-of-group-clusters-3brjhyvn.png Figure 8. Output of group clusters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-surf-keypoint-extraction-only-1-5-of-the-keypoints-4cd3yj87.png Figure 4. SURF keypoint extraction. Only 1/5 of the keypoints are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-three-keypoint-clusters-after-keypoint-clustering-rl4a0hi8.png Figure 5. Three keypoint clusters after keypoint clustering. Each cluster is denoted by a different color. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-extract-of-the-multi-font-size-document-used-in-our-3ibl10po.png Figure 3. Extract of the multi font-size document used in our experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-correspondences-of-the-most-frequent-clusters-to-2yp0u8ts.png Table III CORRESPONDENCES OF THE MOST FREQUENT CLUSTERS TO SINGLE LETTERS FOR THE SECOND DOCUMENT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-group-pairs-366wc69z.png Figure 9. Group pairs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-part-based-character-identification-method-152jm54p.png Figure 1. The part-based character identification method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-process-of-surf-2gdogovg.png Figure 2. The process of SURF. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-quantum-limited-position-measurements-using-optically-4mjkldc3lz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-this-shows-one-possible-experimental-arrangement-1pqaihtl.png Figure 1. This shows one possible experimental arrangement for achieving a quantumlimited position measurement. A charged dielectric microsphere is held at the focus of a vertically propagating laser beam, where light forces confine the sphere in the horizontal plane. The sphere’s vertical position is measured optically (using scattered laser light) and controlled by applying a voltage to a ring electrode beneath the sphere. The image at the photodetector shows the laser waist with a partial shadow from the microsphere. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-relativistic-orbit-fitting-of-galactic-center-stars-4xr51b1c25 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-observational-thresholds-at-which-2hexkp02.png Table 2: Summary of the observational thresholds at which different relativistic effects are exposed, assuming a source of negligible mass in a pure Kerr spacetime. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pericenter-distance-in-units-of-gm-c2-against-orbital-3cro1pl2.png Fig. 1.— Pericenter distance (in units of GM/c2) against orbital period for a variety of systems. The known S stars, having smaller pericenter distances, are more relativistic than known binary pulsars. But the long orbital periods of the S stars render it infeasible to measure cumulative effects over many orbits. Hence other techniques must be devised. The pulsar examples are taken from Lorimer (2008). For the S stars, the orbital elements in Gillessen et al. (2009a) have been used. In this paper we also treat fictitious stars that lie along the dashed line, that is, having a range of semi-major axis a values but with the same eccentricity and angular elements as S2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-similar-to-figure-6-except-that-the-redshift-accuracy-krfzodaz.png Fig. 7.— Similar to Figure 6, except that the redshift accuracy is fixed at 10 km s−1 and the orbits vary, being scaled-down and speeded-up versions of the orbit S2. For large S/N these curves scale with the powers in Table 1. Current instrumentation, operating under optimum conditions, should manage an accuracy of 10 km s−1 indicating that gravitational time dilation should be able to be detected on some of the currently known S Stars. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-like-figure-7-but-for-a-redshift-accuracy-of-1-km-s-1-2428d8yt.png Fig. 8.— Like Figure 7 but for a redshift accuracy of 1 km s−1 - matching the capabilities of the E-ELT (Lyubenova & Kissler-Patig 2009). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relativistic-effects-considered-in-this-paper-and-218ddc3r.png Table 1: Relativistic effects considered in this paper, and how they scale with the orbital period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-like-figure-3-but-for-photon-propagation-delays-lpu890dp.png Fig. 4.— Like Figure 3 but for photon propagation delays (Equation 4). The Schwarzschild propagation signal is for the most part slightly smaller than the Schwarzschild orbital signal, and scales in the same way. The frame-dragging propagation signal is considerably smaller than the corresponding orbital signal, and scales like zFD ∝ P−5/3, as opposed to zFD ∝ P−4/3. The frame-dragging signal remains approximately an order of magnitude weaker on the photons than on the star. This suggests that in attempting to measure the spin of the black hole in the postNewtonian regime, its manifestation on the orbit is what matters. Note however, that this is not the case for the Schwarzschild effects - for which neither the photon nor orbit perturbations may be neglected. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-like-figures-7-and-8-but-for-redshift-accuracy-30-cm-s-pig1y1v4.png Fig. 9.— Like Figures 7 and 8 but for redshift accuracy 30 cm s−1. Pulse timing accuracies at this level are already available, known pulsars orbiting the black hole on suitably short orbits however are not. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relativistic-redshift-effects-with-orbital-and-light-pj2bthch.png Fig. 5.— Relativistic redshift effects, with orbital and light-path contributions summed. Two estimates for the signal due to the extended mass distribution are also shown, using the crude model (16) normalized so that the circular velocity at the r = 105GMBH/c 2 (or ∼ 0.1 pc) is ∼ 100 km s−1 (cf. Gillessen et al. 2009a). The flat and sloping dashed curves correspond to γ = 2.5 and 1.5 respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-smart-online-coffee-roasting-process-control-3s6vib64ws 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-measured-vs-calculated-fc-top-and-colorette-bottom-1unqcmos.png Figure 3. Measured vs calculated FC (top) and Colorette (bottom) values with RMSE from Monte Carlo crossvalidation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tp-loadings-representing-variable-importance-in-fc-rcb9lyha.png Figure 4. TP loadings, representing variable importance, in FC value (top) and bean color (Colorette) models (bottom) with tentative chemical assignments to m/z https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-roast-experiments-for-batch-sizes-of-100-g-were-gd6dddb9.png Figure 1. a) Roast experiments for batch sizes of 100 g were conducted with a coffee drum roaster, which was electrically heated and equipped with thermocouple to determine the bean pile temperature. b) The instrumental setup consists of an Nd:YAG laser and non-linear optics to produce 118 nm VUV-radiation for single-photon ionization (SPI) as well as a reflectron time of flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS), which allows monitoring of the roasting off-gas composition down to subsecond time resolution. c) The bean pile temperature shows a typical profile for drum roasters, including a temperature drop after filling and rebound. The second smaller temperature drop is caused by increased air flow from opening of the damper. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-real-time-prediction-of-fc-top-and-colorette-values-7yo823ox.png Figure 5. Real-time prediction of FC (top) and Colorette values (bottom) with absolute errors from RMSECV https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-combined-illustration-of-mass-spectra-at-different-1n8gfalp.png Figure 2. Combined illustration of mass spectra at different points of time (a-c) during roasting and temporal evolution of different m/z (colored). While some m/z, such as 144 (2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4Hpyran-4-one), peak during roasting, others, such as m/z 79 (pyridine), which is known as marker for overroasting, show sharp increases with roasting time. At 300 s, concentrations of VOC generally increase with ongoing roasting time, but with changing VOC pattern, which is exploited for the PLS regression model. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-speculative-loop-pipelining-for-high-level-synthesis-15ds8q8jid 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-hw-characteristics-of-designs-with-standard-loop-1b10oa9z.png TABLE I HW CHARACTERISTICS OF DESIGNS WITH STANDARD LOOP PIPELINING (LP) AND SPECULATIVE LOOP PIPELINED DESIGNS (SLP). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-illustrative-c-code-snippet-exposing-both-control-flow-e8bdqnzw.png Fig. 6. Illustrative C code snippet exposing both control-flow and memory dependence speculation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-gated-ssa-program-representation-diamonds-identify-ek532alt.png Fig. 7. Gated-SSA program representation. Diamonds identify backedges. The number inside a diamond indicates the minimum dependence distance associated to the dependence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-transformed-ir-in-which-we-exposed-memory-speculation-2xtlbrwb.png Fig. 8. Transformed IR in which we exposed memory speculation through an additional path exposing a dependence distance of 2. Since speculated paths belong to distinct SCCs, we must insert a FIFO channel with rollback capabilities between them. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-gated-ssa-ir-exposing-a-chain-of-speculation-within-35nex4c2.png Fig. 9. Gated SSA IR exposing a chain of speculation within the same SCC. Misspeculation may occur for γx or γy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-comparison-with-dynamic-and-static-scheduling-dss-vin3w3sa.png TABLE IV COMPARISON WITH DYNAMIC AND STATIC SCHEDULING (DSS) [18], AND SPECULATIVE DATAFLOW CIRCUITS (SDC) [14]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-standard-loop-pipelining-and-speculative-20ydeh9i.png Fig. 2. Comparison of standard loop pipelining and speculative loop pipelining. In Figure 2c, C(x) at the third iteration evaluates to true, causing misspeculation. Average II assumes 20% misspeculation rate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-effective-initiation-intervals-and-speedups-for-3dfg2eve.png TABLE II EFFECTIVE INITIATION INTERVALS AND SPEEDUPS FOR SPECULATIVE DESIGNS ASSUMING DIFFERENT MISSPECULATION RATES. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-secure-and-dependable-storage-services-in-cloud-1h1z2suddd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cloud-storage-service-architecture-elxdmn3m.png Fig. 1. Cloud storage service architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-logical-representation-of-data-dynamics-including-ynczh2d7.png Fig. 2. Logical representation of data dynamics, including block update, append, and delete. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-comparison-between-two-different-parameter-1lia7ks2.png Fig. 4. Performance comparison between two different parameter settings for 1 GB file distribution preparation. The ðm; kÞ denotes the chosen parameters for the underlying Reed-Solomon coding. For example, (10,2) means we divide file into 10 data vectors and then generate two redundant parity vectors. (a) m is fixed, and k is decreasing. (b) mþ k is fixed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-detection-probability-pd-against-data-modification-39b0z4vr.png Fig. 3. The detection probability Pd against data modification. We show Pd as a function of l (the number of blocks on each cloud storage server) and r (the number of rows queried by the user, shown as a percentage of l) for two values of z (the number of rows modified by the adversary). Both graphs are plotted under p ¼ 16, nc ¼ 10, and k ¼ 5, but with different scale. (a) z ¼ 1% of l. (b) z ¼ 10% of l. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-teaching-by-demonstration-for-robot-assisted-5816etqquy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-demonstration-setup-scene-in-open-surgery-a-kidney-14lrp6wg.png Fig. 5. Demonstration setup scene in open surgery. A kidney tissue model with a size of around 135 × 45 × 30mm3 is presented in the 3-D patient phantom (170 × 210 × 100mm3). The patient phantom is opened, and a metal clip fixes the kidney model in the abdominal cavity. A white task curve is drawn in advance along a blood vessel on the surface of the kidney to serve as the specific tracking task. The robot is activated in hands-on control mode to enable the surgeon to relocate the surgical tip by hand. The “surgeon” is commanded to do multiple demonstrations of tracking the white task curve with the surgical tip. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-demonstration-task-tracking-procedure-the-numbers-1-9-1w7ssq3j.png Fig. 6. Demonstration task tracking procedure. The numbers (1-9) indicate the tracking procedure by hands-on demonstration in open surgery. The 1st picture shows the starting point of the tracking tasks, and the 9th picture represents the corresponding final point. The “surgeon” use hands to hold on the tool shaft and move the tool tip following the white task curve on the kidney. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-demonstrated-operation-curves-in-3-d-the-hands-on-1tdsp5cp.png Fig. 7. Demonstrated operation curves in 3-D. The hands-on demonstrations are repeated 7 times in open surgery. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-skill-transfer-from-open-surgery-to-mis-the-left-1200p11m.png Fig. 1. Skill transfer from open surgery to MIS. The left picture depicts the multiple demonstrations operated by an experienced surgeon in open surgery while the right image explains the performing of the learned task in MIS. For RA-MIS, r1 is the task’s initial point, and r1f is the task’s final point. During the task operation, the tool must respect to the small incision on the abdominal wall. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-demonstrated-operation-curves-in-3-axis-the-3iccpuz0.png Fig. 8. Demonstrated operation curves in 3-axis. The demonstrated data lengths are different due to the difference of the operation time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-warped-operation-curves-in-3-axis-the-curves-are-2x0txopd.png Fig. 9. Warped operation curves in 3-axis. The curves are warped with DTW to align the data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rcm-constraint-control-a-null-space-kinematic-30m5mtmb.png Fig. 2. RCM constraint control: a null-space kinematic controller is utilized to achieve the RCM constraint. As it is shown in the above picture, d is the RCM constraint error, calculated by the distance between the trocar position (r0) and the tool shaft. The tool-tip is controlled to reach the target from the actual position (r1) in the patient’s abdomen cavity, and v2 is the desired velocity to drive the wrist to the desire position (r2d) until it reaches (r2f ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-performance-measurement-d-is-the-rcm-constraint-error-3r9vct19.png Fig. 12. Performance measurement. d is the RCM constraint error and EX is the Cartesian error on the tool tip. The “Actual” link means the actual tool shaft placement while the “Desired” link represents its corresponding desired placement. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-the-regulation-of-ubiquitous-mobile-government-a-case-g5oqei45g5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-public-acceptance-issues-raised-in-the-questionnaire-ev1ar3nz.png Table 2. Public Acceptance Issues Raised in the Questionnaire and Supported by Literature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-australias-path-toward-a-national-emergency-warning-gr4w1x0f.png Figure 1. Australia’s Path toward a National Emergency Warning System: A Timeline of Events https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-leximancer-concept-map-showing-important-issues-1nd5panp.png Figure 2. Leximancer Concept Map Showing Important Issues Forthcoming from Interviews. The larger the concept the greater its importance to the study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-trust-privacy-and-risk-related-determinant-matters-24ihemcv.png Figure 4. Trust, Privacy and Risk-related Determinant Matters between Stakeholders https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-interviewees-used-in-the-data-collection-2mz9urlc.png Table 1. List of Interviewees Used in the Data Collection Phase https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-toward-the-regulation-of-location-based-emergency-jg62hdnl.png Figure 3. Toward the Regulation of Location based Emergency Warning Systems https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-peoples-perceptions-of-privacy-representative-1j2n1ch3.png Table 3. People’s Perceptions of Privacy: Representative Responses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-toward-the-successful-deployment-of-a-national-20nsxi9j.png Figure 5. Toward the Successful Deployment of a National Emergency Warning System https://scispace.com/papers/toward-the-use-of-upper-level-ontologies-for-semantically-51edp256j3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-architecture-of-ontology-development-1bhff0sd.png Fig. 2. Architecture of ontology development https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ontologys-levels-of-abstraction-11-1mihm768.png Fig. 1. Ontology’s levels of abstraction [11] https://scispace.com/papers/towards-2000-a-tougher-future-for-australian-business-42ex7w9xoz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-one-final-perplexing-observation-here-particularly-2e519sv7.png Table 1). One final perplexing observation here, particularly when compared with the study that was carried out five years ago (Laczniak et al, 1989), is that the organisational Elites did not see a high likelihood of the much discussed "greenhouse effect" being a major influence (a mean likelihood of only 34%). The current ML reflects an estimated probability of occurrence of 58%, a drop of 24% when compared with 1986 estimates. The oddity of this response is that the https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-better-understanding-of-the-parameters-determining-5dliu5m93a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ab-initio-calculated-mp2-aug-cc-pvdz-pp-geometries-115pwe5o.png Figure 1: Ab initio calculated MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ-PP geometries for the halogen-bonded (left) and hydrogen-bonded complex (right) of CHF2Br with TMA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-infrared-spectra-of-selected-spectral-regions-for-2f6mdg9j.png Figure 4: Infrared spectra of selected spectral regions for the mixtures of CHF2Br with TMA-d9 dissolved in LKr at 120 K. In each panel, trace a represents the mixed solution, while traces b and c show the rescaled spectra of the solutions containing only CHF2Br or TMA-d9, respectively. Trace d represents the spectrum of the complex which is obtained by subtracting the rescaled traces b and c from trace a. Bands due to the hydrogen-bonded complex observed in traces d are marked with an open circle (°). Estimated mole fractions of the solutions of the mixtures are 2.3 × 10 -3 for CHF2Br and 5.6 × 10 -4 for TMA-d9 in panel A, 2.3 × 10 -3 for CHF2Br and 1.5 × 10 -3 for TMA-d9 in panel B and 3.8 × 10 -4 for CHF2Br and 7.5 × 10 -4 for TMA-d9 in panels C and D. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-infrared-spectrum-of-the-spectral-region-of-the-n3-11ihmx5m.png Figure 5: Infrared spectrum of the spectral region of the ν3 mode of TMA-d9 for mixtures of CHF2Br with TMA-d9 dissolved in LKr at 120 K. Trace a represents the mixed solution, while traces b and c show the rescaled spectra of the solutions containing only CHF2Br or TMA-d9, respectively. Trace d represents the spectrum of the complex which is obtained by subtracting the rescaled traces b and c from trace a. The complex band due to the hydrogen-bonded complex observed in trace d is marked with an open circle (°). Estimated mole fractions of the solution of the mixture are 2.3 × 10 -3 for CHF2Br and 1.5 × 10 -3 for TMA-d9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plots-of-the-reduced-density-gradient-versus-the-5l6san0e.png Figure 2: Plots of the reduced density gradient versus the electron density multiplied by the sign of the second Hessian eigenvalue (left) and gradient isosurfaces (s = 0.5 a.u., right) for the halogen-bonded complex (top) and the hydrogen-bonded complex (bottom) between CHF2Br and TMA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-vibrational-frequencies-for-the-2mkdoy10.png Table 2: Experimental vibrational frequencies for the monomers and complex, experimental complexation shifts (Δνexp,HB) and MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ-PP calculated complexation shifts, in cm-1, for the hydrogen-bonded complex (Δνcalc,HB) and halogen-bonded complex (Δνcalc,XB) of CHF2Br with TMA dissolved in LKr at 120 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-van-t-hoff-plot-of-the-hydrogen-bonded-complex-w5iborux.png Figure 6: van ‘t Hoff plot of the hydrogen-bonded complex between CHF2Br and TMA-d9 in LKr in the 120-156 K temperature interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-infrared-spectra-of-selected-spectral-regions-for-3tiqt8pp.png Figure 3: Infrared spectra of selected spectral regions for the mixtures of CHF2Br with TMA dissolved in LKr at 120 K. In each panel, trace a represents the mixed solution, while traces b and c show the rescaled spectra of the solutions containing only CHF2Br or TMA, respectively. Trace d represents the spectrum of the complex which is obtained by subtracting the rescaled traces b and c from trace a. Bands due to the hydrogen-bonded complex observed in traces d are marked with an open circle (°). Estimated mole fractions of the solutions of the mixtures are 2.3 × 10 -3 for CHF2Br and 5.6 × 10 -4 for TMA-d9 in panel A, 3.8 × 10 -4 for CHF2Br and 7.5 × 10 -4 for TMA-d9 in panel B and C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experimental-vibrational-frequencies-for-the-3ev38ta9.png Table 3: Experimental vibrational frequencies for the monomers and complex, experimental complexation shifts (Δνexp,HB) and MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ-PP calculated complexation shifts, in cm-1, for the hydrogen-bonded complex (Δνcalc,HB) and halogen-bonded complex (Δνcalc,XB) of CHF2Br with TMA-d9 dissolved in LKr at 120 K. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-understanding-i-o-behavior-in-hpc-workflows-3f3t1krdgj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-with-darshan-one-can-collect-i-o-related-activity-on-2xbltn8n.png Fig. 2: With Darshan one can collect I/O-related activity on the application and library levels without requiring special privileges. The dotted lines to STDIO, POSIX, MPI, and HDF5 depict some instrumentation supported with Darshan by default, but users can define additional wrappers for other libraries as well. Recorded log data is stored into log files before a group of MPI processes terminates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-different-perspectives-for-visualization-of-the-same-3lrqsq0y.png Fig. 8: Different perspectives for visualization of the same workflow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-structure-of-a-workflow-report-featuring-1-the-2b79uuud.png Fig. 5: Structure of a workflow report featuring (1) the workflow dependency graph of tasks, files, and edges for their relationships; (2) reports associated with different elements of the workflow; and (3) annotations and advice also for different elements of the workflow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tokio-takes-a-holistic-approach-to-i-o-activity-25u6nrht.png Fig. 3: TOKIO takes a holistic approach to I/O activity capture throughout the data center. To do so, TOKIO collects data from different data sources, such as system and service logs, vendor APIs, PFS monitoring tools, and Darshan log files. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-example-of-a-workflow-defined-using-cylc-23otu15x.png Fig. 6: Example of a workflow defined using Cylc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-simple-workflow-defined-in-swift-using-pseudo-code-am1osj6w.png Fig. 7: A simple workflow defined in Swift using pseudo code for the range and array semantics for brevity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-i-o-middleware-considering-knowledge-about-workflow-i-1lxvxlgi.png Fig. 11: I/O middleware considering knowledge about workflow I/O to make data placement or transformation (e.g., enabling compression) decisions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-sketch-of-i-o-aware-scheduling-using-knowledge-about-3atagsj1.png Fig. 10: Sketch of I/O-aware scheduling using knowledge about workflows to potentially increase performance and reduce I/O time per job or allow procuring a scaled-down storage system. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-5g-a-reinforcement-learning-based-scheduling-36pteu409g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-controller-parameters-3hfbxrwr.png Table III.Controller Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proposed-rl-framework-2rq0qf3w.png Fig. 2 Proposed RL Framework https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-exploitation-performance-percentages-of-ttis-when-3esxyfbm.png Fig. 4 Exploitation Performance: Percentages of TTIs when Delay, PDR, and both Delay and PDR Objectives are Satisfied https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proposed-system-model-1g5aivkw.png Fig. 1 Proposed System Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-policies-performance-for-cbr-and-vbr-traffic-types-3saujur0.png Table IV Policies Performance for CBR and VBR Traffic Types https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-packet-scheduler-parameters-25vzfmuy.png Table II Packet Scheduler Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-learning-performance-punishment-and-moderate-rewards-hkrsr1xz.png Fig. 3 Learning Performance: Punishment and Moderate Rewards https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-collective-awareness-platform-for-privacy-concerns-456a2bmxqh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-visual-cues-for-terms-of-service-documents-taken-from-c3921ckz.png Fig. 2 Visual Cues for Terms of Service Documents (Taken from https://disconnect.me/icons) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-caprice-ecosystem-1cih9qt2.png Fig. 4. The CAPrice Ecosystem https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-multi-button-for-expressing-privacy-expectations-on-a-3ld792zd.png Fig. 5. Multi-button for expressing privacy expectations on a specific data access request https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-best-practice-lifecycle-of-caprice-178v730b.png Fig. 3 The Best Practice Lifecycle of CAPrice https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-conceptual-framework-for-artificial-immune-systems-4ha4gfsp0w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-outline-conceptual-framework-for-integrating-bio-326el260.png Fig. 3. An outline conceptual framework for integrating bio-inspired computational domains https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-outline-conceptual-framework-for-a-bio-inspired-2fms8q6c.png Fig. 1. An outline conceptual framework for a bio-inspired computational domain https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-structure-for-ais-from-de-castro-timmis-2002-1lbcm62h.png Fig. 2. A structure for AIS, from [de Castro & Timmis 2002] https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-cumulative-tradition-in-e-government-research-5kci3lnaux 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-interactions-between-the-entities-of-e-government-1ye5wjwc.png Table 2. Interactions between the entities of e-Government https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-entities-of-e-government-2kaqastf.png Table 1. Entities of e-Government https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-combinatorial-proof-theory-25gblnkp9q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simple-examples-of-skewed-fibrations-32l220rz.png Fig. 5. Simple examples of skewed fibrations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sets-of-graph-homomorphisms-36mx901g.png Fig. 3. Sets of Graph Homomorphisms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-on-the-left-we-show-a-pictorial-representation-of-the-m8payh5q.png Fig. 1. On the left, we show a pictorial representation of the condition SF1. In the centre and on the right, two skew fibrations are shown, that are in fact combinatorial proofs of the formula (a ∧ b) ∨ ((ā ∨ b̄) ∧ (ā ∨ b̄)) ∨ c. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-simple-derivations-with-the-same-conclusion-a-b-a-3u87rhs3.png Fig. 2. Two simple derivations with the same conclusion (a∧ b)∨ ((ā∨ b̄)∧ (ā∨ b̄)), the first with non-atomic shallow contraction and the second with medial and deep atomic contraction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-at-each-point-of-the-cube-the-referenced-proposition-1m5y7atm.png Fig. 4. At each point of the cube, the referenced proposition proves that G maps from the proof system to the homomorphism class also at that point. Question marks refer to undefinable proof systems, and proof systems without propositions do not yet have proven homomorphism class equivalents — we do not suspect that any of these are of much interest. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-constructing-f-in-proposition-8-13-1tdqjf8t.png Fig. 6. Constructing f ′ in Proposition 8.13 https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-distributed-multi-agent-framework-for-shared-1uiazak7c6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scep-model-1fwxcuak.png Fig. 1 SCEP model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sequence-chart-25sbbdcd.png Fig. 2 Sequence chart https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dscep-framework-2dzwss95.png Fig. 4 DSCEP framework https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-e-scep-model-1lu1d8o8.png Fig. 3 E-SCEP model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-gantt-diagrams-in-department-b-2e6ezjcr.png Fig. 11 Gantt diagrams in department B https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-gantt-diagrams-in-department-a-2rz3w9z5.png Fig. 10 Gantt diagrams in department A https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-scheduling-of-shared-resource-in-department-c-2awl7b95.png Fig. 9 Scheduling of shared resource in department C https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-resources-in-all-departments-resource-rule-activity-12af1up6.png Table 1 Resources in all departments Resource Rule Activity Capability Cost Dep https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-fault-tolerant-ahs-design-7i4x1ukux2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-outline-of-the-degraded-mode-regulation-layer-cy0ntv3c.png Figure 20: Outline of the degraded mode regulation layer supervisor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-extended-architecture-for-degraded-modes-of-wpai1bpw.png Figure 8: Extended Architecture for Degraded Modes of Operation of AHS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-stage-1-vehicle-stopped-on-highway-hmsftwch.png Figure 9: Stage 1: Vehicle stopped on highway https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-the-supervision-problem-d5vl95p3.png Figure 2: Overview of the Supervision Problem https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-on-line-controller-tuning-3sbqybjg.png Figure 6: On-line controller tuning https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-introduction-of-robustness-predicates-pc4lwvwb.png Figure 7: Introduction of robustness predicates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ivhs-architecture-335jjjnb.png Figure 1: IVHS Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-normal-mode-regulation-layer-supervisor-ct2rd2d6.png Figure 19: Normal mode regulation layer supervisor https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-highly-scalable-and-effective-metasearch-engine-126qr109u5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-result-for-cor-iden-doc-cezg7wkt.png Figure 2: Result for cor iden doc https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-for-queries-of-di-erent-lengths-when-m-10-3hmted1v.png Table 1: Results for Queries of Di erent Lengths when m = = 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-result-for-doc-e-ort-1zsxirat.png Figure 4: Result for doc e ort https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-result-for-db-e-ort-12y12vti.png Figure 3: Result for db e ort https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-result-for-cor-iden-db-22n364td.png Figure 1: Result for cor iden db https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-framework-for-knowledge-management-in-project-4zo5exclwc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-regression-analysis-y691kcwp.png Table 7: Regression analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nonaka-and-takeuchis-model-195m60sz.png Figure 1: Nonaka and Takeuchi’s model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-knowledge-processes-by-tan-et-al-2006-2hf23o6w.png Table 1: Knowledge Processes by Tan et al (2006) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-social-construction-model-37dw28o0.png Figure 4: Social Construction model https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-reliability-statistics-39su4eig.png Table 4: Reliability statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-descriptives-21svxf5q.png Table 5: Descriptives https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-stepwise-multiple-regression-of-variables-38s84j6q.png Table 9: Stepwise multiple regression of variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-project-regions-and-project-areas-selected-for-study-3ovwx98i.png Table 1: Knowledge Processes by Tan et al (2006) https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-mechanistic-model-for-the-interaction-between-3q693rmk2l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-local-contact-geometry-the-deformed-particle-shape-n5he1xdh.png Figure 1: Local contact geometry. The deformed particle shape is described as a truncated sphere of radius R and the distance from the particle centre to contact point i is denoted by ri. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-between-analytical-lines-and-numerical-332rr1g2.png Figure 3: Comparison between analytical (lines) and numerical results (symbols) (ν = 0.3 and σy = 100 MPa). The most deformed contacts are represented by solid lines/filled symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hardness-h-and-root-mean-square-rms-error-as-28b8y5dj.png Table 1: Hardness (H) and root-mean-square (RMS) error as obtained from curve fitting. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-examples-of-force-displacement-curves-for-1g1yyvc3.png Figure 2: (a) Examples of force–displacement curves for uniaxial and proportional triaxial loading and (b) deformation stages under confined conditions, as exemplified by proportional triaxial loading (ν = 0.3 and σy = 100 MPa). https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-model-of-interaction-for-mutual-aware-devices-and-15mkrwgad9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sample-screenshot-zhtezbrk.png Fig. 2. Sample Screenshot https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bluetooth-implementation-2g2tzhvd.png Fig. 3. Bluetooth Implementation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rfid-implementation-1of5s8qz.png Fig. 1. RFID Implementation https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-holistic-discovery-of-decisions-in-process-aware-vgsqi4sktg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-petri-net-mined-with-inductive-miner-to-visualize-the-2phj89ds.png Fig. 5: Petri net mined with Inductive Miner to visualize the control flow and annotated with read and write operations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-drd-mined-with-the-approach-proposed-in-4-3uv2j1pc.png Fig. 6: DRD mined with the approach proposed in [4]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-drds-mined-from-the-2013-bpi-challenge-logs-with-st-0-1r50hhho.png Fig. 4: DRDs mined from the 2013 BPI challenge logs with st = 0.1 and minsup = 0.8.. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bpmn-model-representing-a-liability-claim-process-1p2ijw0e.png Fig. 2: BPMN model representing a liability claim process based on different decisions throughout. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-corresponding-dmn-model-based-on-the-process-in-a4f1egwl.png Fig. 3: The corresponding DMN model based on the process in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-decision-mining-quadrant-1040jcq1.png Fig. 1: The Decision Mining Quadrant. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-more-thoughtful-use-of-mould-prediction-models-a-2wqqyzo62z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-active-versus-passive-mould-spore-inoculation-13dwmzty.png Figure 4. Active versus passive mould spore inoculation: Aspergillus restrictus on a M40Y agar medium exposed to 86% RH and 23 °C. Where for the active inoculation a dense mould growth was observed, in cases of the passive inoculation white till light green Aspergillus resctrictus mould spots were only visible after 8 days. A small amount of contamination (indicated by the circle ‘a’) was found. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mould-growth-development-for-the-test-schemes-a-b-h-3b9k8dtq.png Figure 2. Mould growth development for the test schemes A, B, H and I (see Table 1): (a,c) (WUFI-BIO) mould index, (b,d) mould growth in millimeters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-mould-coverage-on-pine-sapwood-measured-by-26canz2s.png Figure 1. (a) Mould coverage on pine sapwood measured by Nielsen et al. (2004), (b) mould growth rating on a newly planed pine sapwood surface measured by Johansson et al. (2013a). For both studies, the corresponding mould index is indicated as well. The test conditions can be found in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mould-growth-development-of-aspergillus-restrictus-30ixo8u3.png Figure 5. Mould growth development of Aspergillus restrictus on a M40Y agar medium exposed to 24h 86% RH 23 °C – 24h 86% RH 15 °C cycles by 60x magnification: (a,c,e,g) field of interest at the bottom right (BR), (b,d,f,h) field of interest at the upper right (UR). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-overview-of-the-over-and-underestimations-obtained-91ia8pg3.png Table 3. Overview of the over- and underestimations obtained based on the mould prediction models for wood exposed to the different test schemes (see Table 1). Note that only the clearly pronounced differences are indicated. A negative/positive sign indicates an underestimation/overestimation based on the prediction model. More than one sign indicates a large difference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-unequal-growth-of-fungal-hyphae-24h-86-4xr4y2ap.png Figure 3. Example of unequal growth of fungal hyphae (24h 86% RH – 24h 54% RH, 23 °C, 40x magnification). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-isopleth-system-for-aspergillus-restrictus-smith-3d7mf31y.png Figure 6. Isopleth system for Aspergillus restrictus (Smith and Hill, 1982): (a) germination isopleths (in days), (b) growth isopleths (in mm/day). https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-national-ecosystem-assessment-in-germany-a-plea-1bky3nyyw1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-a-comprehensive-national-ecosystem-2xsl4vj4.png TABLE 1: Comparison of a comprehensive National Ecosystem Assessment in Germany (NEA-DE) and of Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and Their Services in Germany (MAES-DE). https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-monthly-business-cycle-chronology-for-the-euro-3jlg4xugf6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-comparison-of-official-nber-dates-and-bry-boschan-1qbxiv7r.png Figure 1: A comparison of official NBER dates and Bry-Boschan dates. The recessions identified by the NBER are indicated by shaded areas, the peaks and troughs determined by the Bry-Boschan procedure by vertical bold lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dating-the-euro-area-business-cycle-based-on-our-2ec28sww.png Figure 2: Dating the Euro area business cycle based on our monthly series for real Euro area GDP. The recessions identified by the CEPR are indicated by shaded areas, the peaks and troughs determined by the Bry-Boschan procedure by vertical bold lines. The quarterly CEPR dates have been interpreted as monthly turning points by taking the middle month of the respective quarter as the monthly date. Notice further that the five month minimum phase length rule in the original Bry-Boschan algorithm has been set off here. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-turning-points-identified-by-the-bry-lmh13gpr.png Table 2: Comparison of turning points identified by the Bry-Boschan algorithm when applied to our monthly series of Euro area GDP, a linear interpolation of the quarterly FHM series, and a monthly interpolation of the FHM series constructed using a chained volume index of aggregate Euro area industrial production as related series. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-related-aggregate-series-for-the-euro-area-the-1dvpza0o.png Table 3: Related aggregate series for the Euro area. The shaded areas indicate the recession periods identified by the Bry-Boschan procedure based on our monthly series of aggregate GDP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-monthly-real-gdp-series-for-the-us-based-on-the-2s7v45wa.png Figure 4: Monthly real GDP series for the US, based on the four time series GDP96, INDPRO, CE16OV, and DSPIC96, obtained from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis web site. The interpolation is done using the procedure described above. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dating-the-euro-area-business-cycle-based-on-our-32hb3hik.png Figure 3: Dating the Euro area business cycle based on our monthly series for real Euro area GDP. The Bry-Boschan algorithm has been augmented with the combined amplitude/phase-length criterion discussed above. The recessions identified by the CEPR are indicated by shaded areas, the peaks and troughs determined by the Bry-Boschan procedure by vertical bold lines. The quarterly CEPR dates have been interpreted as monthly turning points by taking the middle month of the respective quarter as the monthly date. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-our-monthly-euro-area-real-gdp-time-nlgh2eus.png Figure 5: Comparison of our monthly Euro area real GDP time series to the quarterly Euro area real GDP time series by Fagan, Henry and Mestre (2001). The two a very close, with our interpolated monthly series having a slightly more jagged appearance than the quarterly series. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-bry-boschan-and-nber-dates-for-peaks-20ofq5vu.png Table 1: Comparison of Bry-Boschan and NBER dates for peaks and troughs. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-model-of-testers-cognitive-processes-software-4zi4fdsikv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-test-design-encoding-scheme-2vqytgk9.png TABLE I: Test Design Encoding Scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-analysis-of-the-observed-process-steps-3jbgnxyg.png TABLE II: Analysis of the Observed Process Steps https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-software-testing-process-viewed-as-a-cyclical-dbnxm3oq.png Fig. 1: The software testing process viewed as a cyclical problem solving model. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-privacy-management-framework-for-distributed-3t4tdt21ss 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-information-access-and-inquiry-escalation-lq70jq3m.png TABLE I. INFORMATION ACCESS AND INQUIRY ESCALATION https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-three-hypothetical-patterns-for-3mixjr2j.png Figure 1. Comparison of three hypothetical patterns for automated escalation validity https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-resilience-management-guideline-cities-as-a-1zytp3nevw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-infrastructure-tab-as-part-of-the-rsq-2uf0qm4j.png Figure 6: the 'Infrastructure' tab as part of the RSQ https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-single-retail-banking-market-new-evidence-from-1oigrsx1ed 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interest-rate-spreads-m69p3iji.png Figure 3: Speed of Adjustment in Co-Integration of Nominal National Interest Rates versus EU Average https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-selected-remote-banking-services-across-europe-qdtsdc8a.png Table 4: Selected remote banking services across Europe https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nominal-interest-rates-1rxgt1w0.png Figure 1: Nominal Interest Rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-concentration-indicators-in-1998-hn0znghs.png Table 5: Concentration Indicators in 1998 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-value-of-m-as-in-the-financial-sector-between-1985-1ypb2v21.png Table 3: Value of M&As in the financial sector between 1985 and 1997 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-speed-of-adjustment-in-co-integration-of-nominal-3882xj8j.png Figure 3: Speed of Adjustment in Co-Integration of Nominal National Interest Rates versus EU Average https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-market-share-of-foreign-banks-as-percentage-of-the-2dc03fyf.png Table 2: Market Share of Foreign Banks as Percentage of the Total Assets of Domestic Banks (end 1997) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-speed-of-adjustment-in-co-integration-of-real-2tx4qgqb.png Figure 4: Speed of Adjustment in Co-Integration of Real National Interest Rates versus EU Average https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-smart-manufacturing-maturity-model-for-smes-sm3e-45s2kkmw38 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-maturity-models-dimensions-and-levels-2pc0bppo.png Table 1. Maturity Models’ Dimensions and Levels https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-organizational-dimensions-and-sub-dimensions-of-sm3e-1vssviq8.png Table 2. Organizational Dimensions and Sub-dimensions of SM3E Maturity Model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-smart-manufacturing-maturity-model-for-smes-sm3e-y2j89h3i.png Fig. 1. The Smart Manufacturing Maturity Model for SMEs (SM3E) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sm3e-maturity-models-cloud-storage-toolbox-h87xqex4.png Table 3. SM3E Maturity Model’s Cloud/Storage Toolbox https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-small-set-of-robust-acoustic-features-for-emotion-1ahre0n3vz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-characteristics-of-the-corpora-3u1e6f2e.png Table II CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CORPORA https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-equivalences-between-emotion-labels-and-valence-39gklxmd.png Table I EQUIVALENCES BETWEEN EMOTION LABELS AND VALENCE MACRO-CLASSES https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-comparison-between-two-svm-optimization-techniques-1ldmi30q.png Table VI COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO SVM OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES. CROSS-VALIDATION (CV) AND CROSS-CORPUS (XC) ACCURACY IN % (WITHOUT AIBO). CI = ±2.5% https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-histograms-of-c-and-g-values-obtained-with-grid-3oywsbgv.png Figure 1. Histograms of C and γ values obtained with Grid search on Os384 (weight:3), Os-R50 (3 random sets), Os-R25 (3 random sets) and Li-174 (weight: 3), Li-R50 (3 random sets), Li-25 (3 random sets) over the six subcorpora. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-description-of-the-feature-subsets-2mnbpy7k.png Table V DESCRIPTION OF THE FEATURE SUBSETS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-family-ranking-over-the-six-sub-corpora-and-all-uxr01zut.png Table IV FAMILY RANKING OVER THE SIX SUB-CORPORA AND ALL MERGED CORPORA USING IG AND G+B WITH LI-174 SET. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cross-corpus-results-on-different-acoustic-sets-2xpde8h3.png Figure 3. Cross-Corpus results on different acoustic sets without the two AIBO sub-corpora. CI = ±2.5%. Results are given in terms of mean UA (%) over the corpora. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-auto-coherence-results-on-different-acoustic-sets-34dz3a5y.png Figure 2. Auto-coherence results on different acoustic sets without the two AIBO sub-corpora. CI = ±2.3%. Results are given in terms of mean UA (%) over the corpora. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-software-quality-certification-of-master-data-1c3pjdyg3x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relationship-between-fcd-functional-requirements-and-2oixa2w4.png Table 3 Relationship between FCD functional requirements and the requirements set of reference considered for the software product evaluation for MDM-based applications https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-summary-of-the-bottom-up-procedure-and-values-for-each-3t2a24s3.png Fig. 3 Summary of the bottom-up procedure and values for each of the metrics, properties, subcharacteristics and functional suitability in the first evaluation https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-relationship-between-new-fcd-functional-requirements-29fgi16p.png Table 9 Relationship between new FCD functional requirements and the requirements set of reference https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fcd-requirement-description-2cisaey9.png Table 2 FCD requirement description https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-fr-7-test-case-execution-summary-the-differences-1at8nzfn.png Table 7 FR.7 Test case execution summary (the differences from the one shown in Table 5 are the rows entitled ‘Result obtained’, ‘Observations’, ‘Date’ and ‘Result of test’) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-corr-fun-imp-property-specified-implemented-and-1xchsoll.png Table 8 CORR_FUN_IMP property: specified, implemented and tested successfully requirements https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fcd-logical-design-349ntcrx.png Fig. 2 FCD logical design https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-elements-that-compose-the-functional-suitability-wxu6s6mw.png Fig. 6 Elements that compose the functional suitability quality model (extracted and adapted from (Rodríguez et al. 2016)) https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-smart-manufacturing-toolkit-for-smes-12uyfcpmn0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fabrication-manufacturing-toolbox-fmts-and-maturity-2wg130f2.png Table 2: Fabrication/Manufacturing Toolbox (FMTs) and Maturity Levels https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-robotics-and-automation-tools-rats-and-maturity-2rc2cide.png Table 4: Robotics and Automation Tools (RATs) and Maturity Levels https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-robotics-and-automation-tools-families-and-functions-32pxgpia.png Table 5: Robotics and Automation Tools Families and Functions (RATs) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-smart-lathe-left-and-smart-mill-right-after-dros-10uyjjlh.png Figure 1. Smart Lathe (left) and Smart Mill (right) after DROs Installantion https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-scts-toolbox-for-dro-installation-in-lathe-and-mill-26677xn0.png Table 10: SCTs Toolbox for DRO Installation in Lathe and Mill Machine Tools https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-rats-toolbox-for-visual-inspection-installation-in-2n9agzpq.png Table 11: RATs Toolbox for Visual Inspection Installation in Garment Industry https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-cloud-storage-toolbox-csts-and-maturity-levels-2uc078b7.png Table 7: Cloud/Storage Toolbox (CSTs) and Maturity Levels https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-data-analytics-toolbox-and-maturity-levels-dats-15-zg5bguvp.png Table 8: Data Analytics Toolbox and Maturity Levels (DATs) [15] https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-sustainable-innovation-process-integrating-lean-2gx69hkpy6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-emerging-and-common-best-practices-identified-in-the-28as1yp2.png Fig. 5. Emerging and common best practices identified in the Efficient Process and Knowledge Based Environment building block of the Lean Innovation model (N=18) [5] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-five-lean-principles-adapted-from-10-1gc5pzit.png Fig. 1. Five lean principles (adapted from [10]) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-interface-mount-sustainabilitys-seven-fronts-and-q2zelvu8.png Table 3. Interface Mount Sustainability‘s seven fronts and targets https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-who-casts-the-biggest-shadow-adapted-from-7-32gwkkvs.png Fig. 3. Who casts the biggest shadow (adapted from [7]) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lean-innovation-and-sustainability-in-the-end-to-end-2rebl6d1.png Fig. 2. Lean Innovation and sustainability in the End-to-End innovation process https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-aspects-of-sustainability-adapted-from-8-addition-of-wos3b8t2.png Fig. 4. Aspects of Sustainability (adapted from [8]; addition of ISO 26000) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-lean-innovation-model-5-2mno92cy.png Table 1. The Lean Innovation Model [5] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sustainable-lean-innovation-phases-and-2476fqzq.png Table 2. Sustainable lean innovation phases and sustainability focus areas https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-technology-of-nonverbal-communication-vocal-hvlxqw15f4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-this-picture-draws-a-parallel-between-the-whwygq1a.png Figure 1. This picture draws a parallel between the communication process as it takes place between humans and as it is typically implemented in a machine. The correspondence does not mean that the process implemented in the machine actually explains and or described a human-human communication process, but simply helps to understand how technology deals with nonverbal communication. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-feature-groups-4pyzyjsv.png Figure 2. Feature groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-emotional-states-and-formants-2b39x5xb.png Table 8. Emotional states and Formants https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-paralinguistic-features-used-in-recognition-of-o5gz6h48.png Table 3. Paralinguistic features, used in recognition of different emotional states https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-emotional-states-and-intensity-2sazuhan.png Table 6. Emotional states and Intensity https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-emotional-states-and-changes-in-speech-rate-27owhjl2.png Table 7. Emotional states and changes in speech rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pitch-estimation-1iqh7uda.png Figure 3. Pitch Estimation https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-emotional-states-and-pitch-20gdxvbv.png Table 5. Emotional states and pitch https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-wearable-interface-for-food-quality-grading-4xwnviwly9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-biowolf-system-architecture-3a3bogl6.png Fig. 1. BioWolf System Architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-biowolf-board-top-side-allocates-mr-wolf-the-afe-and-32jdl1ek.png Fig. 2. BioWolf Board. Top side allocates Mr. Wolf, the AFE and part of the power supply section. Bottom side is mostly dedicated to the nRF52832 SoC, fuel gauge, connectors and the analog power supply section. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-erp-from-subject-1-red-line-corresponds-to-non-k8lnircd.png Fig. 4. ERP from subject 1. Red line corresponds to non-commercial grade apple pictures, blue line to commercial-grade ones. Data is band-pass filtered between 0.25 and 40 Hz, epochs are rejected if EEG amplitude exceeds ± 50 uV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-setup-and-processing-steps-of-the-presented-system-hz1szhdk.png Fig. 3. Setup and processing steps of the presented system. Images are presented on a 17 inch LCD screen, while EEG is recorded in PO7 and PO8 with reference on Fz. Data is band-pass filtered between 0.25 and 30 Hz and decimated by a factor 5 to 100 sps. Epochs with data above a ± 50 µV are discarded. The remaining epochs are averaged to provide the final EPRs. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-theory-of-data-entanglement-1832mdo0wm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-initialization-entanglement-and-tampering-stages-1er9044n.png Figure 2: Initialization, entanglement, and tampering stages. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-entanglement-graph-is-a-bipartite-graph-from-the-1008hued.png Figure 1: An entanglement graph is a bipartite graph from the set of documents to the set of server blocks. An edge (dj , Ck) is in the graph if server block Ck can be used to reconstruct document dj . https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-results-all-or-nothing-means-that-all-or-3k481ttk.png Table 1: Summary of results. “All-or-nothing” means that all-or-nothing integrity can be achieved in this model; “symmetric recovery” means that all-nothing integrity cannot be achieved, but symmetric recovery can; “—” means that no guarantees are possible. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-web-based-framework-to-support-end-user-1xn597p9zf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-authoring-tool-implementation-3e5rnlcz.png Figure 3. The authoring tool implementation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-phases-and-components-1yokdm30.png Table 1. Phases and components https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cyclic-prototyping-lrzodsh9.png Figure 4. Cyclic prototyping https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-questionnaire-for-the-authoring-tool-dxnqaj30.png Table 2. Questionnaire for the authoring tool https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-questionnaire-for-the-mobile-application-38o00tvt.png Table 3. Questionnaire for the mobile application https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-components-of-the-framew-119jwt9q.png Figure 1. Components of the framew https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-technological-overview-3j7hpaes.png Figure 2. Technological overview https://scispace.com/papers/towards-agent-dialogue-as-a-tool-for-capturing-software-177z609q5p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-male-2-challenging-his-own-proposal-2b5mbch8.png Table 5. Male 2 challenging his own proposal https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-interrupted-move-by-male-2-td65qn6c.png Table 4. Interrupted move by Male 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-format-of-elements-in-the-dialogue-stores-first-38f8p5r5.png Table 2. Format of elements in the dialogue stores; first column gives the type of dialogue store, second column gives the format of an element in that type of dialogue store, third column gives an explanation of the different parameters of the element. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-delaying-a-topic-1m5zb4fn.png Table 8. Delaying a topic https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-chains-of-justification-mp0a0omh.png Table 9. Chains of justification https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-interrupted-move-by-male-2-p2uap6s6.png Table 1. Interrupted move by Male 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-ambiguous-commits-should-move-45-be-a-propose-should-669v8up4.png Table 6. Ambiguous commits: Should Move 45 be a propose? Should Move 49 be a commit? https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-non-strict-protocol-multiple-proposals-in-response-37nhntwq.png Table 7. Non-strict protocol: Multiple proposals in response to a question https://scispace.com/papers/towards-adversary-aware-surveillance-systems-4lbxug3xk1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-number-of-faces-detected-1nbgzl2r.png Fig. 3. Number of faces detected https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-number-of-rounds-with-successful-steals-8zzgvq6h.png Table 4. Number of rounds with successful steals https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-modified-surveillance-game-between-adversary-and-the-1pg3xe6w.png Table 2. Modified Surveillance game between Adversary and the System https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-further-modified-surveillance-game-between-adversary-11pbxplp.png Table 3. Further modified surveillance game between Adversary and the System https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-powerplay-enforcement-2xaqlzf5.png Fig. 2. Effect of powerplay enforcement https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-surveillance-game-between-adversary-and-system-1v2ezfo3.png Table 1. Surveillance game between Adversary and System https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-original-scenario-b-after-enforcement-1-c-1vb92gz9.png Fig. 1. (a) Schematic- Original scenario (b) After enforcement 1 (c) Physical- Original scenario (d) After enforcement 1 https://scispace.com/papers/towards-an-artificial-immune-system-for-network-intrusion-1bvg1c0ann 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-development-of-b-cells-and-t-cells-left-clonal-2syak482.png Figure 1 Development of B-cells and T-cells (left). Clonal selection (right). https://scispace.com/papers/towards-an-energy-aware-framework-for-application-3srk4u2t53 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-coarse-grain-tasks-definitions-1w96z45n.png Fig. 3 Coarse-grain tasks definitions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-main-workflow-of-the-matrix-multiplication-ycuai6mj.png Fig. 2 Main workflow of the Matrix multiplication. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fine-grain-tasks-definitions-2ajde01t.png Fig. 4 Fine-grain tasks definitions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-reference-architecture-hvxumew6.png Fig. 1 Reference Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-construction-of-artificial-traces-for-calibration-1gycp7xi.png Fig. 5 The construction of artificial traces for Calibration https://scispace.com/papers/towards-an-emulated-iot-test-environment-for-anomaly-3xajro7v6t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-average-number-of-anomalies-reported-1olw5zyb.png TABLE II AVERAGE NUMBER OF ANOMALIES REPORTED https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-average-duration-for-sending-1800-mqtt-messages-fnhk4w51.png TABLE I AVERAGE DURATION FOR SENDING 1800 MQTT MESSAGES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-test-load-of-the-virtualized-x86-64-network-1ishewpb.png Fig. 8. Test Load of the Virtualized x86-64 Network https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-test-load-of-the-physical-raspberry-pi-network-3uy10iup.png Fig. 6. Test Load of the Physical Raspberry Pi Network https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-test-load-of-the-emulated-raspberry-pi-network-1ejf3lsb.png Fig. 7. Test Load of the Emulated Raspberry Pi Network https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-network-throughputs-in-mbps-between-devices-3qpokgrs.png TABLE III NETWORK THROUGHPUTS IN MBPS BETWEEN DEVICES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-high-level-architecture-31cal3ny.png Fig. 1. High-Level Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temperature-data-reported-at-the-log-analytics-36g1irsi.png Fig. 3. Temperature data reported at the log analytics platform https://scispace.com/papers/towards-an-energy-landscape-integrated-analysis-exploring-540yt359c2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-principal-component-analysis-pca-for-nesting-a-and-2bswbg0g.png Table 1. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for nesting (a) and wintering (b) bird species 3 richness. Eigenvalues and correlation matrix among original variables and new components. 4 5 a) Nesting bird species richness PCA 6 https://scispace.com/papers/towards-an-environment-for-efficient-and-transparent-virtual-2rdplwwmgs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overview-of-the-entice-image-synthesis-components-1o7qg0i7.png Fig. 2. Overview of the ENTICE Image synthesis components https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-top-level-view-of-the-entice-environment-3v97c21e.png Fig. 1. Top level view of the ENTICE environment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-entice-ontology-showing-main-entities-and-their-10do4czo.png Fig. 4. ENTICE ontology showing main entities and their relationships https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-top-level-view-of-the-multi-objective-optimization-a44390p7.png Fig. 3. Top level view of the Multi-objective Optimization Framework for VM Image distribution https://scispace.com/papers/towards-an-ethical-and-trustworthy-social-commerce-community-1zl3sws59w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-research-model-privacy-and-trust-25fbjlfc.png Figure 2. Research Model Privacy and Trust https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-trust-commitment-theory-morgan-and-hunt-1994-crow8pi0.png Figure 1. The Trust-Commitment Theory (Morgan and Hunt (1994) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-model-result-2algprty.png Figure 2. Research Model Privacy and Trust https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-alpha-cr-ave-correlation-between-constructs-and-2idoq8bg.png Table 1. Alpha, CR, AVE, Correlation between Constructs and Square-root of AVEs (on-diagonal) https://scispace.com/papers/towards-an-implementation-of-a-multilevel-ilu-preconditioner-1jzlydz9m1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-parallel-transpose-of-a-matrix-using-pcsr-format-2pwup42o.png Fig. 1. Parallel transpose of a matrix using PCSR format. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-an-indoor-level-of-detail-model-for-route-4pbcglxzql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-indoor-model-instances-at-different-lods-147ukqrc.png Figure 1. Indoor model instances at different LODs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-proposed-indoor-lod-model-for-2svl7266.png Table 1. Characteristics of proposed indoor LOD model for route visualization. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mapping-gml-geometries-to-thematic-types-in-the-1uroejus.png Table 2. Mapping GML geometries to thematic types in the various LODs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-lod-2-building-and-routing-model-2nmg1xq3.png Figure 3. Example of LOD-2 building and routing model instances for a single floor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-thematic-and-routing-model-of-our-proposed-indoor-y25uor1k.png Figure 2. Thematic and routing model of our proposed indoor LOD model. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-an-improved-organic-carbon-budget-for-the-barents-3ks0urtaxm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3a-of-mod-3-d-input-model-set-up-3slca0on.png Table 3a.OF-Mod 3-D input model set-up. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-input-primary-productivity-pp-for-of-mod-3-d-compared-2nmm7arm.png Fig. 8. Input primary productivity (PP) for OF-Mod 3-D compared to PP reconstructions from sediment cores (circles). The core data show a similar north–south trend as the model PP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-modelled-marine-organic-carbon-moc-compared-to-the-3tehptr1.png Fig. 7. Modelled marine organic carbon (MOC) compared to the calibration data set (circles). The model results agree well with the observed data. The general pattern of low MOC content in the southern part and high MOC content in the MIZ is well documented. The mismatch in areas south of Spitsbergen Bank is likely due to higher annual variability of the primary productivity distribution, which OF-Mod is currently not able to address completely. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-modelled-total-terrestrial-organic-carbon-cterr-159ril9u.png Fig. 9.Modelled total terrestrial organic carbon (Cterr) compared to the calibration data set (circles). The model results agree well with the observed data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-of-mod-3-d-modelled-sand-fraction-throughout-the-14c0q346.png Fig. 5. (a)OF-Mod 3-D modelled sand fraction throughout the study region compared to data from the surface samples (circles).(b) R ult of goodness-of-fit test on residuals (absolute difference model – samples).(c) Sand fraction residuals (circles) plotted on top of the OF-Mod 3-D results. The model reproduces the calibration data well. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-modelled-total-organic-carbon-toc-compared-to-the-1ejhgzic.png Fig. 6. (a)Modelled total organic carbon (TOC) compared to the calibration data set (circles).(b) Result of goodness-of-fit test on residuals (absolute difference model – samples).(c TOC residuals (circles) plotted on top of the OF-Mod 3-D results. The OF-Mod 3-D results agree well with the observed data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-modelled-a-total-toc-b-marine-moc-and-c-terrestrial-2y4lydk6.png Fig. 11.Modelled(a) total (TOC)(b) marine (MOC) and(c) terrestrial (Cterr) organic carbon mass accumulation rates (in mgC cm−2 kyr−1) in the study region. The highest accumulation rates of TOC and MOC are calculated for Storfjorden, whereas there is almost no accumulation on Spitsbergen Bank. MOC accumulation rates are also high in Hopen Deep. In contrast, Cterr accumulation rates throughout in the western Barents Sea are very low. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-surface-circulation-after-loeng-1991-red-atlantic-1sc7rm2f.png Fig. 1. Surface circulation, after Loeng (1991) (red= Atlantic water, blue= Arctic water), Polar Front (–), and maximum ice extent (-) in the western Barents Sea. The modelled region (.-), locations of the surface samples (circles), and sediment cores (triangles) in the region (dark triangles= used in the model) are indicated. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-an-info-symbiotic-decision-support-system-for-t0prr721cn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-european-commission-lifecycle-for-disaster-risk-qoukz3yq.png Fig. 1. European Commission Lifecycle for Disaster Risk Management Cycle [1] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-proposed-system-and-its-interactions-with-the-real-3d5u0max.png Fig. 3. The proposed system and its interactions with the real world https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proposed-decision-support-system-and-what-if-analysis-1p33a4hp.png Fig. 2. Proposed Decision Support System and What-if Analysis interactions https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-disaster-risk-management-life-cycle-and-the-role-of-2q4crxlp.png TABLE I. DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT LIFE CYCLE AND THE ROLE OF ICT BASED MODELLING AND SIMULATION. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-an-online-risk-model-for-dynamic-positioning-10lvkqlrd0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cartography-of-the-three-factors-that-compose-the-40el46mo.png Figure  3. Cartography of the three factors that compose the suport capability. Figure 4. Criticality in mainland Portugal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cartography-of-the-three-factors-that-compose-the-3hk2rqeu.png Figure  2. Cartography of the three factors that compose the criticality. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-an-oscillator-based-trng-with-a-certified-entropy-ados5irkue 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-v-m-as-a-function-of-m-33m0t4rc.png Fig. 8. V (M) as a function of M . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-an-elementary-trng-1cskxe7k.png Fig. 1. Block diagram of an elementary TRNG https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-graph-of-the-ordered-sequence-of-p-bi-6-bi-m-as-a-kytq216j.png Fig. 5. Graph of the ordered sequence of P{bi 6= bi+M} as a function of M . https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulation-results-error-percentage-2u5apqok.png TABLE 1 Simulation results: Error percentage https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-computation-of-q-and-n-the-simple-counter-method-33cpq0fg.png Fig. 2. Computation of Q and ν: the simple counter method https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-cumulative-distribution-function-of-the-output-of-1vjp27ny.png Fig. 7. Cumulative distribution function of the output of Algorithm 2 for M = 400 (top) and M = 900 (bottom); the horizontal time scale is such that 1 corresponds to 1/2T1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-period-jitter-measured-with-an-oscilloscope-top-and-3c89bi90.png Fig. 3. Period jitter measured with an oscilloscope (top) and with the counter method (bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-if-x0-0-top-we-have-b1-b4-0-0-1-1-and-if-x0-0-75-36lbqk41.png Fig. 4. If ξ0 = 0 (top), we have [b1, . . . , b4] = [0, 0, 1, 1] and if ξ0 = 0.75 (bottom), we have [b1, . . . , b4] = [0, 1, 1, 1]. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-an-optimal-enclosure-for-the-future-large-telescope-1m8eomks2g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-enclosure-model-number-1-bxpnikn3.png Fig. 3 Enclosure model number 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-enclosure-model-number-2-1mc365xj.png Fig. 4 Enclosure model number 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-enclosure-model-number-3-2priulgl.png Fig. 5 Enclosure model number 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-the-two-sites-preselected-for-the-gtc-2vvqgjhm.png Fig. 1. Location of the two sites preselected for the GTC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-enclosure-model-number-4-2rnhpmq7.png Fig. 6 Enclosure model number 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-grid-of-the-surface-of-the-orm-area-to-be-used-in-the-a4pramu5.png Fig. 2 Grid of the surface of the ORM area to be used in the simulations https://scispace.com/papers/towards-automatic-model-based-controller-design-for-43d0l5tf4o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulation-results-of-s-and-s-a-house-heating-system-1yg027fl.png Fig. 5. Simulation results of S and S′, a house heating system that at time t = 3 is augmented with an electric radiator to improve the reference tracking abilities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ambient-temperature-24k92qp8.png Fig. 4. Ambient temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-envisioned-plug-and-play-process-control-system-a-288swoup.png Fig. 1. The envisioned Plug and Play Process Control System; a new actuator is added to a controlled process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-decomposed-model-of-a-house-with-floor-heating-and-15q1gq58.png Fig. 3. Decomposed model of a house with floor heating and electric radiator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-house-with-floor-heating-and-electric-radiator-1qe8yy8o.png Fig. 2. House with floor heating and electric radiator. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-autonomic-service-control-in-next-generation-39n20ys74g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-service-overlay-approach-2ma6mn2d.png Figure 3 Service Overlay Approach https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-service-chain-2w5r4tw8.png Figure 2 Service Chain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-p2p-media-resource-function-2d3h2qb9.png Figure 5 P2P Media Resource Function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-entity-model-1iv5mctm.png Figure 1 Entity Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-search-and-verify-approach-21bo3nra.png Figure 4 Search and Verify Approach https://scispace.com/papers/towards-autonomous-machine-learning-in-chemistry-via-5biuxm0m47 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-hidden-layer-sizes-of-a-deep-neural-network-1yhkpg83.png TABLE II: Hidden layer sizes of a deep neural network architecture for single and multi-objective optimization using genetic algorithm (GA). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparing-the-performance-of-the-four-strategies-of-1nklwsa0.png FIG. 4: Comparing the performance of the four strategies of genetic algorithm implemented in ChemML for optimization of hyperparameters via a multi-objective cost function. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-evaluation-metrics-for-multi-objective-qbnwj5lw.png TABLE III: Evaluation metrics for multi-objective optimization of a deep neural network using genetic algorithm (GA). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-typical-machine-learning-ml-workflow-where-an-ml-2h05h080.png FIG. 1: A typical machine learning (ML) workflow where an ML model receives its hyperparameters and the training data as inputs and its performance is assessed based on its cross-validation score. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-four-different-genetic-algorithm-selection-schemes-1x4wvv1n.png FIG. 2: Four different genetic algorithm selection schemes implemented in ChemML. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-final-set-of-hyperparameters-for-single-objective-1zhf22b4.png Table 1: Final set of hyperparameters for single-objective optimization from genetic algorithm (GA), random search and tree of parzen estimators (TPE). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-final-set-of-hyperparameters-for-multi-objective-p8hgrdag.png Table 2: Final set of hyperparameters for multi-objective optimization from the four methods for genetic algorithm (GA). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-evaluation-metrics-for-single-objective-optimization-11yha8u8.png TABLE I: Evaluation metrics for single objective optimization of a neural network using genetic algorithm (GA), tree of parzen estimators (TPE) and random search. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-cdio-standards-3-0-50ua89f2h0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-6-different-learning-outcomes-1jmdg90x.png Figure 1. 6 different learning outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structure-of-the-study-program-qpnuptwf.png Figure 2. Structure of the study program https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-consecutive-design-implement-projects-26421e7o.png Figure 3. Consecutive design-implement projects https://scispace.com/papers/towards-benchmarking-energy-efficiency-of-reconfigurable-4z70h75xiu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-benchmarks-measuring-either-power-or-energy-2m4fh6hl.png Table 2. Benchmarks measuring either power or energy https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-studied-benchmarks-1dbkd8mz.png Table 1. The studied benchmarks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-benchmark-categories-based-on-the-systems-that-they-1xflm210.png Fig. 1. Benchmark categories based on the systems that they target https://scispace.com/papers/towards-better-insect-management-strategy-restriction-of-7asby5bn70 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-expression-analysis-of-insecticidal-gene-cry1ac-in-3vret1sb.png Fig. 4 Expression analysis of insecticidal gene (cry1Ac) in primary transformants along with positive and negative control plant by realtime PCR. Data represent means and standard errors of three replications. 18S RNA gene has been used as internal control to normalize data and gene expression has been indicated as a foldincrease relative https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-leaf-biotoxicity-assays-conducted-were-on-leaves-of-t0-zmiqf3j5.png Fig. 6 Leaf biotoxicity assays conducted were on leaves of T0 and T1 progeny plants of cotton. The transgenic plants showed appreciable level of resistance against Spodoptera exigua in T0 Progeny (b) and S. littoralis in T1 progeny (d). The S. exigua and S. littoralis larvae found dead when fed to transgenic leaf while larvae were noticed alive and chewing leaf of nontransgenic cotton plant (a, c) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primer-list-and-other-related-information-used-for-24nknvly.png Table 1 Primer list and other related information used for amplification of cry1Ac, AoPR1, BAR https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-plant-constructs-p35sacbar-s9nnbru8.png Fig. 1 Schematic representation of plant constructs p35SAcBAR.101 and pAoPR1AcBAR.101 in pTF101.1 containing cry1Ac gene under the control of 35S CaMV and AoPR1 promoter, respectively. Phosphinothricin was for the plants selection transformed with plasmids 35SAcBAR.101 and pAoPR1AcBAR.101 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-leaf-bioassays-of-second-generation-individual-to-bxbxxone.png Table 3 Leaf bioassays of second generation individual To transgenic plants of different cotton cultivars carrying 35S-Cry1Ac or AoPR1Cry1Ac genes with third instar larvae of Spodoptera exigua https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-molecular-analysis-of-transgenic-cotton-plants-t1-crfh05ti.png Fig. 5 Molecular analysis of transgenic cotton plants (T1 progeny). a Amplification of cry1Ac in transformed plants of cultivar. Lanes 1– 7 P14A, P16, 27A, P15A, P18A, P151; lane 8 positive control; lane 9 DNA ladder. b PCR assay showed the amplification of AoPR1 promoter fragment. Lane 1 DNA ladder; lanes 2–6 transgenic plants P15A, P18A, P18B, P19A and P151; lane 7 positive control. c The amplification of BAR gene fragment, lane 1 DNA ladder; lanes 2–7 P14A, P16, P27, P15, P18A and P18B https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-molecular-evaluation-of-primary-cotton-transformants-3vo1xy8k.png Fig. 2 Molecular evaluation of primary cotton transformants (T0 progeny). a PCR assay showed the amplification of required cry1Ac band. Lane 1 DNA ladder mix; lanes 2–6 putative transgenic plants P4, P12, P7, P53 and P27; lane 7 negative control; lane 8 positive control. b PCR assay showed the amplification of AoPR1 promoter fragment, lane 1 DNA ladder mix; lanes 2–11 putative transgenic https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-elisa-assay-confirmed-the-accumulated-expression-of-3m2gy0an.png Fig. 3 ELISA assay confirmed the accumulated expression of insecticidal gene (cry1Ac) after 0, 12 and 24 h in primary transformants. Positive and negative controls used were provided in kit https://scispace.com/papers/towards-budgeting-in-real-time-calculus-deferrable-servers-40muwlml5a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-server-modeling-in-real-time-calculus-1tn4zvns.png Fig. 3. Server modeling in real-time calculus https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-requests-and-resources-in-a-deferrable-server-inputs-l9glsze9.png Fig. 4. Requests and resources in a deferrable server, (inputs straight, outputs dashed) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-basic-processing-in-real-time-calculus-tslbgif9.png Fig. 1. Basic processing in Real-time Calculus https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-minimum-server-utilization-usmin-for-c-t-2-and-t-t-5-b0fwl3w9.png Fig. 5. Minimum server utilization Uσmin for C τ = 2 and T τ = 5 as a function of T σ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-requests-and-resources-in-rtc-inputs-straight-outputs-3mtxgd29.png Fig. 2. Requests and resources in RTC (inputs straight, outputs dashed) https://scispace.com/papers/towards-collaborative-video-authoring-3dbn56hgme 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-forward-commutativity-relation-symmetric-8hajqg4t.png Table 1. Forward commutativity relation (symmetric) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-node-splitting-carried-out-during-the-insertion-a-an-zq8i2kr1.png Fig. 2. Node splitting carried out during the insertion: (a) – an original valid node with the associated clip, (b) – the splitted node after an insertion inside the clip, (c) – the splitted node after an insertion to the end of the clip (insertion to the beginning of the clip is analogous) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-video-activity-tree-in-a-local-workspace-characters-33ventxw.png Fig. 1. A video activity tree in a local workspace. Characters v, d, i and r denote valid, dead, intermediate nodes and the root node of the tree correspondingly https://scispace.com/papers/towards-certifiable-advanced-flight-control-systems-a-sensor-3zlh39h7p3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-response-of-system-27-using-a-backstepping-c4-1-and-2pnnav93.png Figure 5. Response of system (27) using a backstepping (c4 = 1) and a sensor based backstepping controller (c5 = 1, ǫ = 0.1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-response-of-system-27-using-a-backstepping-c4-1-and-3qa55931.png Figure 8. Response of system (27) using a backstepping (c4 = 1) and a sensor based backstepping controller (c5 = 1, ǫ = 0.1, k1 = 10) in the presence of uncertainty in the control derivatives. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-response-of-system-15-with-a-2-using-a-backstepping-1zv8mz3f.png Figure 3. Response of system (15) with a = 2 using a backstepping (c3 = 1) and a sensor based backstepping controller (c2 = 1, ǫ = 0.1) with a = 2 (top row) and a = 1 (bottom row). https://scispace.com/papers/towards-chronic-wound-pads-gradient-nanofiber-structure-1abgh8xxtn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-uses-process-nanofiber-emerges-from-top-of-the-2lywbnlu.png Fig 1. The USES process. Nanofiber emerges from top of the acoustic fountain. The dried fiber is collected on an aluminum foil. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-uses-parameters-for-the-four-layers-wm4wxoor.png TABLE I. USES PARAMETERS FOR THE FOUR LAYERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-images-taken-from-the-four-layers-layer-1-top-left-933l74l0.png Fig 2. SEM images taken from the four layers: Layer 1 (top left), layer 2 (top right), layer 3 (bottom left) and layer 4 (bottom right) https://scispace.com/papers/towards-commoditizing-simulations-of-system-models-using-2y8scytg9w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proposed-rnn-architecture-for-a-system-model-that-2k7qpyks.png Fig. 1: Proposed RNN Architecture for a system model that consists of N states and M external inputs. x[k] and u[k] represent the state and input values at the time step k. Black solid lines show the data flow within a simulation step, whereas the red dashed lines depict the data transfer between the simulation steps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulation-runtime-of-single-cpu-simulink-and-gpu-340genm1.png Fig. 5: Simulation runtime of single CPU (Simulink) and GPU implementation (Trained NN). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulation-error-versus-layer-dimensions-for-the-pv-3a9fnrtl.png Fig. 6: Simulation error versus layer dimensions for the PV Array model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulation-error-vs-the-size-of-the-single-hidden-16adfjqm.png Fig. 4: Simulation error vs. the size of the single hidden layer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulation-error-versus-gpu-run-time-each-point-in-the-12lx5xtw.png Fig. 3: Simulation error versus GPU run time. Each point in the graph represents a neural network of a different size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-solution-of-the-ode-example-the-plots-are-almost-2o9tmuj7.png Fig. 2: Solution of the ODE example. The plots are almost identical, thus, they appear as single. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-complete-node-enumeration-in-a-peer-to-peer-botnet-1uf89lkddm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-number-of-contacts-a-bot-sends-a-message-to-and-the-3k3sa7l4.png Figure 6: Number of contacts a bot sends a message to and the number of those contacts which are our PPM nodes for (a)Search, (b) GetSearchResult, and (c)Publish message types https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-of-ip-addresses-found-by-crawler-and-ppm-per-28oflika.png Figure 3: Number of IP addresses found by crawler and PPM per day https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cdf-of-fraction-of-responses-per-ip-address-for-l07sw6n6.png Figure 2: CDF of fraction of responses per IP address for both PPM and FWC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-number-of-contacts-a-bot-sends-a-message-to-and-the-114jy9d9.png Figure 7: Number of contacts a bot sends a message to and the number of those contacts which are a certain bot for (a)Search, (b) GetSearchResult, and (c)Publish message types https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-number-of-ip-addresses-found-by-different-number-18tmvz7h.png Figure 11: Number of IP addresses found by different number of PPM nodes for7 days https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-number-of-ip-addresses-found-daily-by-ppm-and-the-1fu52kfr.png Figure 12: Number of IP addresses found daily by PPM and the number which are dynamic according to SORBS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-number-of-ip-addresses-found-by-ppm-per-day-uckmkjx8.png Figure 13: The number of IP addresses found by PPM per day https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-probability-of-receiving-a-message-for-each-of-the3-3jivt6u9.png Table 1: Probability of receiving a message for each of the3 message types for PPM and a random Storm node https://scispace.com/papers/towards-compliant-distributed-shared-memory-3k326ix6af 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-dpb-architecture-allowing-computation-to-be-3v6ncp7m.png Figure 1. The DPB architecture, allowing computation to be dispersed across a set of nodes. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-conditional-adversarial-training-for-predicting-58f979hg5b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-framework-of-conditional-adversarial-training-for-i97ru7cl.png Fig. 1. Framework of conditional adversarial training for prediction: a first model (NN1) predicts time-continuous labels ŷt from a set of acoustic features xt, whereas a second model (NN2) infers a binary decision whether the input source comes from the real data yt or from the first model NN1, given the context xt. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-in-terms-of-concordance-correlation-2d6ecwxw.png Table 1. Performance in terms of Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) of the proposed conditional adversarial training approaches, as well as its variation (+ Wasserstein distance), for both arousal and valence regressions, evaluated on the development and test partitions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-automatic-predictions-of-arousal-a-and-valence-b-1octnk48.png Fig. 2. Automatic predictions of arousal (a) and valence (b) obtained by conducting conditional adversarial training, for a randomly selected subject from the test partition on RECOLA database. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-concise-representation-for-taxonomies-of-epistemic-4mdylqucjl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-concept-lattice-of-a-sample-zebrafish-context-27yo1dx4.png Figure 1: The concept lattice of a sample zebrafish context. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-algorithm-to-compute-stability-1vslgi8n.png Table 1: Algorithm to compute stability. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-pruned-lattice-of-fig-1-with-stability-zksthfsm.png Figure 2: The pruned lattice of Fig. 1, with stability threshold 0.52. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-nested-line-diagram-of-pruned-lattices-from-fig-4-2m2nkgvn.png Figure 5: Nested line diagram of pruned lattices from Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-pruned-outer-and-inner-lattices-from-fig-3-resp-3rynj0bn.png Figure 4: The pruned outer and inner lattices from Fig. 3 (resp. thresholds 0.70 and 0.54) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-outer-and-inner-diagrams-for-the-nested-line-vsm3ymmj.png Figure 3: Outer and inner diagrams for the nested line diagram of the zebrafish context https://scispace.com/papers/towards-corporate-transparency-2ql2byuf9v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dependent-variable-definition-2tkqxm7p.png Table 1 Dependent variable definition: https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-matrix-n-196-37c8dk40.png Table 3 Correlation Matrix (N=196) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-1umraboh.png Table 2 Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-ols-regression-1s63w153.png Table 4 Results of OLS regression https://scispace.com/papers/towards-convenient-calibration-for-cross-ratio-based-gaze-4mixw1swkp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-positioning-of-facial-landmarks-when-there-is-26x35qpm.png Figure 1. The positioning of facial landmarks when there is no eye blink (top) and an eye blink (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-four-light-sources-are-projected-onto-a-2pxfucm8.png Figure 3. The four light sources are projected onto a reflection plane. The corneal reflections are then projected onto the image plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-input-and-preprocessed-images-for-feature-detection-12yrnt79.png Figure 2. Input and preprocessed images for feature detection: (a) pupil reflection and bright-eye effect, (b) corneal reflection and dark-eye effect, (c) difference image, (d) thresholded dark pupil image, (e,f) output images, detected pupil and glints. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-with-the-state-of-the-art-methods-2jro833i.png Figure 4. Comparison with the state-of-the-art methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-with-the-different-regression-techniques-2o6slm12.png Figure 5. Comparison with the different regression techniques for learning calibration models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-head-pose-variation-statistics-in-degree-obtained-by-2hjttckr.png Table 1. Head pose variation statistics (in degree) obtained by the face tracker on the collected experimental data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-gaze-estimation-accuracy-errors-in-degree-3jiozaq0.png Table 2. Average gaze estimation accuracy errors (in degree). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-with-the-state-of-the-art-calibration-1x1l8dui.png Table 3. Comparison with the state-of-the-art calibration techniques with changing number of calibration points and the eye data used for the evaluation. Average gaze estimation accuracy errors (in degree) are reported. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-cost-reduction-in-cloud-based-workflow-management-2lei0sni88 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-initial-data-replication-1-y2nesr5q.png Fig. 2. Initial data replication 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-data-dependency-matrix-xigvj13j.png Fig. 6. Data dependency matrix https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-cost-change-comparison-1eajc4u1.png Fig. 8. Cost change comparison https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-initial-data-placement-1xfi0ly2.png Fig. 1. Initial data placement https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-initial-data-placement-3-mk9q5ovm.png Fig. 4. Initial data placement 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sample-workflow-obqewu4i.png Fig. 5. Sample workflow https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-value-of-parameters-15ii10s4.png TABLE I. THE VALUE OF PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-initial-data-replication-2-wggf64fa.png Fig. 3. Initial data replication 2 https://scispace.com/papers/towards-developing-a-backing-layer-for-proton-exchange-4e17cm8apk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-and-characteristics-of-the-mpl-deposited-3r1s5pgz.png Table 1. Properties and characteristics of the MPL deposited on the sintered titanium CC, estimated from SEM image analysis. The resulting leakage rate (LR) is presented in the last column. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-ecologically-valid-interval-timing-28jlp4x9e7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-temporal-relationships-between-retrospective-fdygwqcp.png Figure I. Temporal Relationships between Retrospective, Continuative, and Prospective Timing. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-distributed-recognition-of-emotion-from-speech-1z00zzwx9v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-instances-for-two-classes-negative-and-1hegfhrt.png Table 2. Number of instances for two classes: NEGative and IDLe. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-un-weighted-accuracies-ua-a-wa-b-for-distributed-2om5jnyu.png Fig. 3. Un-/weighted accuracies (UA (a) / WA (b)) for distributed speech emotion recognition with different numbers of feature subvectors and codeword lengths. L denotes the number of subvectors https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-feature-set-low-level-descriptors-lld-and-20ilt694.png Table 1. Feature set: low-level descriptors (LLD) and functionals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-fundamental-architecture-of-dser-figure-a-shows-33s3ec9a.png Fig. 1. The fundamental architecture of DSER. Figure (a) shows blocks implemented on the client side and (b) shows blocks implemented on the server side. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diagram-of-the-split-vector-quantization-svq-algorithm-2eu5gn2p.png Fig. 2. Diagram of the Split Vector Quantization (SVQ) algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relationship-between-un-weighted-accuracies-ua-a-wa-b-x74ba0b5.png Fig. 4. Relationship between un-/weighted accuracies (UA (a) / WA (b)) and feature compression rate for distributed speech emotion recognition with several sets of permutations of codeword lengths and numbers of subvectors. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-eeg-based-bci-driven-by-emotions-for-addressing-bci-1skpfh1p0m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-classification-graph-edges-joined-successful-3f2dr7un.png Figure 3. Classification graph. Edges joined successful recognition between emotional pairs. Edge thickness is proportional to the number of studies dealing with the recognition of the pair. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-bci-cycle-the-user-activates-a-task-the-signal-2ulb055y.png Figure 1. The BCI cycle. The user activates a task; the signal is recorded and processed to be translated into commands. Points indicated by “*” are critical for the BCI. Also user is indicated with “*” because its compatibility with the system is also crucial. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-representation-of-the-recognized-emotions-and-their-l345sr5a.png Figure 2. Representation of the recognized emotions and their occurrence in the considered papers. Circles are used to merge very close emotions in the continuous models into a single region. Intensity and font size are proportional to the frequency of occurrence of each emotion (greater occurrences correspond to brighter circles and greater fonts). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-most-activated-brain-regions-in-emotions-1rpd0i9h.png Figure 5. Most activated brain regions in emotions recognition: the image has been obtained by summing the contributes of all the considered studies regarding channels positioning and activity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-most-relevant-areas-for-each-basic-emotion-1cxvypkc.png Figure 6. Most relevant areas for each basic emotion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-basic-emotions-subgraph-5gzi7hxc.png Figure 4. Basic emotions subgraph. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-endoscopic-augmented-reality-for-robotically-1e8b9yjxnh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-view-from-the-stereoscopic-endoscope-top-and-cx5mg3lg.png Figure 2. Left view from the stereoscopic endoscope (top) and perspective view of the reconstruction showing the instruments above the operating field (bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-views-from-the-coronarography-sequences-and-the-2oubigid.png Figure 1. Two views from the coronarography sequences, and the reconstructed 3D coronary tree https://scispace.com/papers/towards-enabling-hyper-responsive-mobile-apps-through-9gpd3jgn0m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tcp-behaviour-during-handover-events-1hxiid22.png Fig. 5. TCP behaviour during handover events https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-breakdown-of-application-latency-3p691aj5.png Fig. 6. Breakdown of application latency https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hybrid-edge-assisted-deployment-model-2yf6i1od.png Fig. 1. Hybrid edge-assisted deployment model https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-characterisation-of-workload-traces-1ue4bhhv.png TABLE I. CHARACTERISATION OF WORKLOAD TRACES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-latency-and-95th-percentile-for-different-cvj2isc2.png Fig. 2. Average latency and 95th percentile for different percentages of requests processed by the PGW edge server https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-latency-and-95th-percentile-for-different-3fgvh0ws.png Fig. 3. Average latency and 95th percentile for different percentages of requests processed by the eNodeB edge server https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-latency-of-broadcast-events-for-different-percentages-3gq5ls1k.png Fig. 4. Latency of broadcast events for different percentages of requests processed by the edge server https://scispace.com/papers/towards-enriching-dbpedia-from-vertical-enumerative-374f6xdvk3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-ves-https-en-wikipedia-org-wiki-shoe-2nrjs53r.png Fig. 1. Example of VES (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoe) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-p-ves-containing-hierarchical-relations-and-one-no-30wybfps.png Fig. 3. P-VES containing hierarchical relations and one no hierarchical relation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-discursive-representations-of-p-ves-according-to-the-ytv3p1j4.png Fig. 2. Discursive representations of P-VES according to the SDRT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-for-the-test-set-for-all-features-of-table-1-1tb4yxop.png Table 2. Results for the test set for all features of Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-for-the-reference-set-for-all-features-of-34cx6mht.png Table 3. Results for the reference set for all features of Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-presence-of-relations-and-their-corresponding-terms-asb8euc9.png Table 4. Presence of relations and their corresponding terms in DBpedia. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-set-of-learning-features-an-enumerative-theme-is-1ar107dd.png Table 1. Set of learning features (*an enumerative theme is used for organizing the concepts involved into an enumerative structure and is one of the following expressions list of, types of, kind of, etc.). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hypernym-relations-identified-from-head-modifiers-3b0q82dz.png Fig. 4. Hypernym relations identified from head modifiers. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-energy-auto-tuning-4cxgjizov2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-general-architecture-of-theatre-three-layer-energy-2n02o0bh.png Fig. 6. General Architecture of THEATRE - THree layer Energy Auto Tuning Runtime Environment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-behavior-package-of-ccm-3b6tjelq.png Fig. 4. The behavior package of CCM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-structure-package-of-ccm-tomux69g.png Fig. 3. The structure package of CCM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-autonomic-control-loop-of-auto-tuning-systems-cf-7-1qb88dyw.png Fig. 2. Autonomic Control Loop of auto-tuning Systems, cf. [7] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-components-of-the-videoserver-example-cf-4-n4tfduh5.png Fig. 1. The components of the VideoServer example; cf. [4]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-variation-package-of-ccm-200z7d07.png Fig. 5. The variation package of CCM https://scispace.com/papers/towards-estimating-root-zone-soil-moisture-using-surface-2pjn6ufs2v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-modis-and-tower-normalized-difference-vegetation-1b6bkddm.png FIGURE 5 MODIS and TOWER normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time‐series data at (a) Site 1 and (b) Site 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-crop-type-sowing-and-harvesting-dates-for-each-site-23ywb8ca.png TABLE 1 Crop type, sowing, and harvesting dates for each site and year https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-dookie-experimental-farm-and-study-3lfk0sf1.png FIGURE 1 Location of Dookie experimental farm and study sites https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-daily-time-series-from-study-site-2-for-1bsvmz90.png FIGURE 2 Example daily time series from Study Site 2 for 2013. (a) Daily maximum air temperature, (b) daily net radiation, (c) volumetric soil moisture at 0–5 and 0–30 cm, (d) daily maximum radiative surface temperature, (e) daily actual and Priestley–Taylor potential evapotranspiration, and (f) daily rainfall https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scatter-plot-of-period-and-gravimetric-measurements-2qftvdni.png FIGURE 4 Scatter plot of period and gravimetric measurements for soil moisture 0–30 cm https://scispace.com/papers/towards-functional-model-transformations-with-ocl-4d09t63uku 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-metamodels-for-the-classdiagram2relational-fi8hklxm.png Fig. 1. Metamodels for the ClassDiagram2Relational transformation. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-generalized-fri-sampling-with-an-application-to-2zqpcf472a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-a-radio-interferometer-the-cross-1sbwjwsm.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of a radio interferometer. The cross-correlations of the received signals at different antennas are related to the Fourier transform of the sky image (see Table I) at certain non-uniform frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-radio-astronomy-terms-32u83tby.png TABLE I SUMMARY OF RADIO ASTRONOMY TERMS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-reconstruction-of-point-sources-from-irregular-2z701j5a.png Fig. 11. Reconstruction of point sources from irregular Fourier measurements (SNR = 5 dB, number of Fourier measurements: L = 8500). (a) The given noisy Fourier samples and their spatial domain representation via inverse FFT (a.k.a., the the dirty image in radioastronomy). (b) The compressed sensing result by minimizing the 1 norm of the sky image (estimation error for point sources’ locations: 7.34 × 10−2 ). (c) The reconstructed point sources with FRI (estimation error for point sources’ locations: 8.44 × 10−3 ). (d) Probability density of the estimated point sources’ locations with FRI approach (number of independent noise realizations: 1000; the average estimation error: 1.09 × 10−2 ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-any-continuous-domain-signal-which-can-be-represented-14oxkwp0.png Fig. 3. Any continuous domain signal, which can be represented as a sum of sinusoids by applying a certain transformation T , is an FRI signal. The classic FRI framework reconstructs the continuous domain signal from a set of uniform samples. Our focus in this paper is on cases where measurements are taken irregularly. We will identify a linear mapping G that relates uniform samples to these measurements with a good approximation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-accurate-reconstruction-of-point-sources-locations-2htlnrwp.png Fig. 2. Accurate reconstruction of point sources’ locations from partial Fourier domain measurements (number of irregular Fourier samples: 8000, SNR = 5 dB). (a) Spatial domain representation (a.k.a. “dirty image” in radioastronomy) associated with the given partial Fourier measurements. (b) Probability density of the reconstructed point source locations with the FRI approach (number of independent noise realizations:1000; average estimation error of Dirac locations: 8.07 × 10−3 ). For comparison with other methods see Fig. 11. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-reconstruction-of-a-stream-of-diracs-6-from-ideally-3b7vlffw.png Fig. 6. Reconstruction of a stream of Diracs (6) from ideally low-pass filtered samples taken at irregular time instances (8). (a) Exact reconstruction in the noiseless case (filter bandwidth B = 11, number of samples L = 11). (b) Robust reconstruction in the noisy case (SNR = 5 dB, filter bandwidth B = 81, number of samples L = 81, average reconstruction error for tk : 1.30 × 10−3 ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-visual-comparisons-of-the-reconstructed-curves-with-19p89zu0.png Fig. 10. Visual comparisons of the reconstructed curves with Cadzow’s method, structured low-rank approximation [31] and the proposed approach (noise level: 5 dB, curve coefficients ck ,l size: 3 × 3, sample size: 45 × 45, periods τ1 = τ2 = 1). The solid black line is the reconstructed curve; while the dotted red line is the ground truth. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-reconstruction-of-weighted-diracs-9-from-non-uniform-2d4xq78n.png Fig. 8. Reconstruction of weighted Diracs (9) from non-uniform Fourier samples (10). The FRI framework makes use of the piecewise linear interpolation (11) with 21 uniform knots. (a) Reconstruction with noiseless Fourier domain samples (number of samples L = 42, average reconstruction error for tk : 1.95 × 10−3 ). (b) Robust reconstruction with noisy Fourier measurements (number of samples L = 105, SNR = 5 dB, average reconstruction error for tk : 2.34 × 10−3 ). https://scispace.com/papers/towards-governance-for-blended-learning-in-pre-service-17ubrza1bi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-descriptive-statistics-of-attitude-towards-bl-6l4171p3.png Table 5. Descriptive statistics of Attitude towards BL, Governance, and ICT-competencies of TEs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-for-21st-cs-per-categorical-35ntldh3.png Table 4. Descriptive statistics for 21st CS per categorical variable (Experience with OBL, Age and Gender): M (SD). Only the means of significant differences (on independent samples t-test, p<.05) are displayed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-descriptive-statistics-of-attitude-governance-and-3bq8pygc.png Table 6. Descriptive statistics of attitude, governance and ICT-competencies for interpretation of significant independent samples (based upon institution type) Kruskal-Wallis Test: Median (25th percentile, 75th https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-respondent-characteristics-2bsnvw53.png Table 1. Respondent characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-descriptive-statistics-for-21st-cs-per-categorical-11f7ul4i.png Table 7. Descriptive statistics for 21st CS per categorical variable (Experience with OBL and Age): M (SD). Only the means of significant differences (on independent samples t-test, p<.05) are displayed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-for-21st-cs-instruction-and-2yzdl2ea.png Table 2. Descriptive statistics for 21st CS Instruction and Value (upper part), and for 21st C practices in the lower part. (Notes: significant difference between 1 TT providers (Uni/UC/CAE), 2 experience in OBL https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-21st-cs-for-interpretation-2j8ixgag.png Table 3. Descriptive statistics of 21st CS for interpretation of significant independent samples (based upon institution type) Kruskal-Wallis Test: Median (25th percentile, 75th percentile). Mean (SD) to support post- https://scispace.com/papers/towards-global-models-near-homoclinic-tangencies-of-n5jgmiuhl7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-36-cross-road-area-with-four-codimension-2-flips-ini-3m4z57xz.png Figure 36. Cross-road area with four codimension 2 flips inI−0.8881/4 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-59-accumulation-of-tongues-in-the-tonguei01-3-22gt9pj5.png Figure 59. Accumulation of tongues in the tongueI01/3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-88-the-stable-manifold-and-some-arcs-of-the-stable-1q0hk5aq.png Figure 88. The stable manifold and some arcs of the stable one, at the homoclinic tangency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-87-numerical-evidence-of-the-asymptotic-behaviour-ofu-jaizosaf.png Figure 87. Numerical evidence of the asymptotic behaviour ofµ as exponentially small with respect toω. See the text for additional explanation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-44-the-unstable-manifoldwusn-of-the-saddle-node-sn-3cxi69ag.png Figure 44. The unstable manifoldWusn of the saddle-node (sn) for β = 0.3, ω = 0.718 8724 (slightly after the cubic tangency toF ss ). Origin and axes as in figure 43. (a) The full manifold. Window: [−3.2, 3.2] × [−0.2, 3.45]. (b) Magnification of window [−0.052,−0.05]× [0.0015, 0.0035] using 100 points per fundamental domain. Roughly two fundamental domains are displayed. One can see an accumulation of points where the tangencies with F ss occur. (c) Figure (b) enlarged, using 105 points per fundamental domain, to the window [−0.051 3437,−0.051 3436]× [0.002 5126, 0.002 5127]. The value of the regression line has been substracted from the ordinates and the difference is displayed. The vertical window in (c) is [−3× 10−15, 3× 10−15]. One can see the effect of the rounding errors and the shape ofWusn near a cubic tangency to the (vertical)F ss . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-30-amplification-of-rectangle-a-of-figure-29-3aqwso7u.png Figure 30. Amplification of rectangle A of figure 29. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-some-configuration-of-the-invariant-manifolds-of-a-3brq9gcu.png Figure 13. Some configuration of the invariant manifolds of a saddle for values of the parameters near a fold bifurcation. Caseβ > 0. (a) Left cubic tangency toF ss , (b) left quadratic tangency to Wss , (c) right quadratic tangency toWss , (d) right cubic tangency toF ss , (e) left quadratic tangency toWs and (f ) cubic tangency toWs . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-spring-area-the-dotted-curves-correspond-to-level-w9iyl2e1.png Figure 25. Spring area. The dotted curves correspond to level lines of3. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-fast-and-optimal-grouping-of-regular-expressions-via-jikls7gldc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-nfa-size-accurate-dfa-size-and-estimated-dfa-size-1w6ix1d2.png Fig. 4. NFA size, accurate DFA size, and estimated DFA size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mapping-between-p-q-and-three-predicates-l-p-l-q-l-p-l-31gezfec.png Fig. 5. Mapping between p q and three predicates: L(p) ∩ L(q) = ∅, L(p) ⊆ L(q), and L(q) ⊆ L(p). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-of-exhaustive-and-regexgrouper-on-total-3r8ard2f.png Fig. 11. Comparison of Exhaustive and RegexGrouper on total running time. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-values-of-s-n-k-for-10-n-18-and-0-k-5-3pji0r3m.png TABLE IV VALUES OF S(n, k) FOR 10 ≤ n ≤ 18 AND 0 ≤ k ≤ 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-of-exhaustive-and-regexgrouper-on-total-1tp57wxf.png Fig. 10. Comparison of Exhaustive and RegexGrouper on total DFA size. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-comparison-on-total-running-time-and-total-dfa-10hnfuqt.png TABLE III COMPARISON ON TOTAL RUNNING TIME AND TOTAL DFA SIZE FOR C758 SET https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-of-grouping-times-on-l7fitler-backdoor-and-1popgd0o.png Fig. 9. Comparison of grouping times on l7fitler, backdoor and bro831. (a) l7filter set; (b) backdoor set; (c) bro831 set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-state-explosion-and-effectiveness-of-regex-m6u4ty6k.png Fig. 1. Example of state explosion and effectiveness of RegEx grouping. (a) DFA for {abc, d., e, fgh, i. j}. (b) DFA for {abc, d., e} and DFA for {fgh, i., j}. (c) DFA for {abc, fgh} and DFA for {d. e, i. j}. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-high-resolution-first-best-air-pollution-tolls-1i8g4mq1i8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-welfare-analysis-by-subpopulation-absolute-values-for-24sz8ayl.png Fig. 3: Welfare analysis by subpopulation: absolute values for the base case, absolute changes for the two policy cases; all values scaled to a 100% scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-emission-cost-factors-by-emission-type-maibach-et-al-3qewjku7.png Table 1: Emission cost factors by emission type (Maibach et al., 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-zone-30-policy-road-segments-in-red-where-the-speed-1d53aidz.png Fig. 1: Zone 30 policy: road segments (in red) where the speed limitation applies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-changes-in-modal-split-and-average-car-distance-va2fe2xl.png Table 3: Changes in modal split and average car distance traveled https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-impacts-of-fuel-efficient-cars-on-fuel-reduction-ux9b6wql.png Fig. 4: Impacts of fuel efficient cars on fuel reduction: parametric estimates by subpopulation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-emissions-by-emission-type-absolute-values-by-1ljgsigf.png Fig. 2: Emissions by emission type: absolute values by subpopulation for the base case, relative changes (overall and by subpopulation) for the two policy cases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-and-adjusted-utility-parameters-resulting-m3908jbt.png Table 2: Estimated and adjusted utility parameters; resulting VTTS https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-base-case-resulting-average-emission-costs-by-fmpv4wgg.png Table 4: Base case: resulting average emission costs by subpopulation [EURct/km] https://scispace.com/papers/towards-high-activity-of-hydrogen-production-from-ammonia-40b4jvjgmb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-unit-cell-of-ni2p-left-and-ni5p4-right-material-1nsuwcdi.png Figure 1 Unit cell of Ni2P (left) and Ni5P4 (right) material. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-catalytic-activity-of-different-ni-based-catalysts-1kizmtp3.png Figure 5 Catalytic activity of different Ni-based catalysts with same weight of 0.038g. Reaction conditions: 25oC, CAB=0.01g/mL, VAB=5mL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-time-courses-for-h2-production-from-hydrolysis-of-2vassv7r.png Figure 7 Time courses for H2 production from hydrolysis of AB using Ni5P4 at low nCat/nAB of 0.02 (a), Arrhenius plot of ln (TOF) versus 1/T (c), comparison of the TOF (b) and activation energy (d) with different reported catalysts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-and-theoretical-structural-parameters-2ozcidyt.png Table 1 Experimental and theoretical structural parameters of Ni2P and Ni5P4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-representative-hrtem-images-of-nickel-phosphide-18sc1ryo.png Figure 4 Representative HRTEM images of nickel phosphide different phases of Ni2P (a-b) and Ni5P4 (d), and particle size distribution of Ni2P catalyst (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-xps-spectra-of-ni-2p-and-p-2p-for-ni2p-a-b-and-10oyz49s.png Figure 6 XPS spectra of Ni 2p and P 2p for Ni2P (a, b) and Ni5P4 (c, d) catalysts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-charge-analysis-of-bulk-ni2p-and-ni5p4-materials-2for59ks.png Figure 2 Charge analysis of bulk Ni2P and Ni5P4 materials. The blue and red colors indicate the charge labeled in the color map, where blue and red value means receiving or donating electrons, respectively. The figure 2(c-d) are shown to distinguish the Ni and P atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-xrd-patterns-of-ni2p-and-ni5p4-catalysts-2i7omguo.png Figure 3 XRD patterns of Ni2P and Ni5P4 catalysts. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-improved-theoretical-problems-for-autonomous-1k9udf8kkr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-performance-of-techniques-tested-in-terms-of-their-1bm451nw.png Fig. 2. Performance of techniques tested in terms of their mean cumulative reward ω, regret ρ and reward for each experiment It. In (a–d), mean total reward ω over proportion of experiments performed (t/|X|) when 10%, 30%, 50% and 70% of the experiments are initially interesting respectively. In (e–h), the regret ρ for those same trials is shown. In (i–l), the mean of the actual reward collected at each time step is shown for those same trials. The techniques shown are: Perform each experiment (Perform All) – black; Random – green; -greedy ( = 0.1) – yellow; -greedy ( = 0.3) – red; Relative information gain switching (RIGS)– magenta; Repeating relative information gain switching (RRIGS) – dark blue; https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-autonomous-experimentation-algorithms-for-29mbx7u5.png Fig. 1. Overview of autonomous experimentation. Algorithms for automatic hypothesis proposal and experiment selection interact with an automated experimentation platform. The platform shown on the right is a microfluidic system currently in development [6]. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-in-situ-data-storage-in-sensor-databases-1xuye6lwhl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-number-of-bytes-transmitted-in-the-ss-sms-and-ssms-1g8d2job.png Fig. 3. a) Number of bytes transmitted in the SS, SMS, and SSMS models using atmospheric data. b) A comparison of the amount of energy expended to transfer data via the wireless interface vs Storing it on the on-chip EEPROM and the off-chip SD-Card. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-qst-for-two-phases-of-the-tja-algorithm-the-third-h9lo5uty.png Fig. 2. The QST for two phases of the TJA Algorithm (the third phase is omitted as it does not contribute to the final result). The table on the right shows the objects qualifying in each phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-soil-organism-monitoring-application-each-sensor-1o78c5xe.png Fig. 1. a) Soil-Organism Monitoring Application: Each sensor stores locally on external flash memory the CO2 levels in a sliding window fashion. The user might then ask: ”Find the time instance on which we had the highest average CO2 levels in the last month?”. b) Our platform: The RISE (Riverside Sensor), which is the first sensor device that features a large external storage medium (an SDMedia flash card) . https://scispace.com/papers/towards-integrating-mooc-in-the-moroccan-higher-educational-39mnks4ylr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-some-details-of-the-mooc-1nm60zaw.png Table 1: Some details of the MOOC https://scispace.com/papers/towards-large-scale-multimedia-indexing-a-case-study-on-4d6dhizdzw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-map-k-results-of-clustering-based-naming-systems-1s6l944p.png Table 2: MAP@K results of clustering-based naming systems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-map-k-results-of-verification-based-naming-systems-r6o3fg6s.png Table 3: MAP@K results of verification-based naming systems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-map-k-obtained-by-graph-based-naming-systems-tna7sb1s.png Table 4: MAP@K obtained by graph-based naming systems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-identities-and-corresponding-shots-where-1ty50w9g.png Table 1: Number of identities and corresponding shots where people appear and speak in each set of the corpus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-for-each-shot-participants-have-to-return-the-names-1z1n96sc.png Figure 1: For each shot, participants have to return the names of every speaking face. An evidence is also returned for annotation process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-verification-based-naming-process-light-blue-boxes-hsdbcehi.png Figure 3: Verification-based naming process. Light blue boxes are when names are combined with face tracks and speech turns to create enrollment models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-clustering-based-naming-process-light-blue-boxes-1p274xaw.png Figure 2: Clustering-based naming process. Light blue boxes are when names are combined with clusters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-graph-based-naming-process-light-blue-boxes-are-1z964cql.png Figure 4: Graph-based naming process. Light blue boxes are when nodes in graph are initiated with names. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-interval-techniques-for-model-validation-bttuto0jj9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dependence-of-kav-on-t-2vw8pdwr.png Table 3 Dependence of kav on T https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prediction-accuracy-interval-approach-1hss8fd2.png Table 2 Prediction accuracy: interval approach https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measurement-results-1oxo40uo.png Table 1 Measurement results https://scispace.com/papers/towards-language-based-verification-of-robot-behaviors-4kgoaz0rv3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-three-block-structure-12mhb8dg.png Fig. 2. A three-block structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-fourteen-block-structure-comprising-two-towers-with-36dhmnaa.png Fig. 3. A fourteen-block structure comprising two towers with spanning bridges. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mobile-manipulator-platform-stacking-blocks-x4wwmcvz.png Fig. 1. Mobile manipulator platform stacking blocks. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-low-energy-consumption-integrated-photonic-circuits-4kbhq5wnm3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-electroluminescence-of-ge-wells-si0-15ge0-85-24dmgq6i.png Figure 6 Electroluminescence of Ge wells/ Si0.15Ge0.85 barriers on Si0.1Ge0.9 virtual substrate (A) measurement as a function of the injected current density without temperature control. (B) measurement at a given current density, as a function of the sample stage temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-different-buffer-layers-strategies-for-the-growth-13slap52.png Figure 1 Different buffer layers strategies for the growth of Ge/SiGe QW on silicon (A): 500 nm thick Si0.1Ge0.9 buffer layer is achieved by the sequentially growth of two 250 nm thick-Si0.1Ge0.9 films followed by high temperature annealing; (B) 13 µm thick graded buffer from Si to Si0.1Ge0.9 followed by a 2 µm thick Si0.1Ge0.9 film to form a virtual substrate; (C) Ge rich SiGe relaxed buffer grown using reverse linear grading (RLG) from a relaxed Ge seed layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-phase-modulation-by-qcse-in-ge-sige-qw-effective-2y6ol1tx.png Figure 5 Phase modulation by QCSE in Ge/SiGe QW: effective index variation as a function of the electrical field for different wavelengths. Inset: corresponding absorption spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ge-sige-qw-electro-absorption-stand-alone-modulator-2mtufb8f.png Figure 7 Ge/SiGe QW electro-absorption stand-alone modulator and photodetector design. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-band-alignment-of-ge-si0-15ge0-85-qw-on-relaxed-3h27fr3p.png Figure 2 (A) Band-alignment of Ge/Si0.15Ge0.85 QW on relaxed SiGe buffer; (B) Ge/SiGe QW absorption spectra for different applied electric fields. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-absorption-spectra-of-20-periods-of-10-nm-ge-wells-138ky7uh.png Figure 4 Absorption spectra of 20 periods of 10 nm Ge wells/15 nm Si0.35Ge0.65 barriers on Si0.21Ge0.79 virtual substrate, illustrating QCSE at 1.3 µm obtained by strain engineering. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ge-sige-qw-room-temperature-absorption-spectra-at-2ziarzgd.png Figure 3 Ge/SiGe QW room-temperature absorption spectra at different reverse bias voltages showing the QCSE for both E⊥ and E|| incident light. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-marketplace-resilience-learning-from-trader-customer-tnlw4gmxl7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-database-keywords-30e1jh6u.png Table 1 Database keywords https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-disturbances-and-impacts-experienced-by-customers-qr364t2t.png Table 7 Disturbances and impacts experienced by customers and their households https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reviewed-publications-related-to-marketplace-14mgezzp.png Table 2 Reviewed publications related to marketplace resilience (2000–2016) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-functions-for-traders-and-their-households-3kbo92tj.png Table 3 Functions for traders and their households https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-functions-for-customers-and-their-households-20xb6wyc.png Table 6 Functions for customers and their households https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-disturbances-and-impacts-perceived-by-traders-and-1lcnrho9.png Table 4 Disturbances and impacts perceived by traders and their households https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-marketplace-resilience-jjbqw107.png Figure 1 Marketplace resilience https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-selected-publications-per-year-2000-2016-lkwq6q80.png Figure 2 Number of selected publications per year (2000-2016) https://scispace.com/papers/towards-massively-parallelized-all-optical-magnetic-19st5jhtxf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-background-corrected-magneto-optical-images-of-the-2azmge9k.png FIG. 3. Background-corrected magneto-optical images of the magnetization after exposure to n¼ (a) 1, (b) 2, and (c) 3 intensity grating excitations, and accompanying cross sections. The intensity grating had a periodicity of 8.5 lm and fluence 4.9 mJ/cm2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-maximum-bit-width-written-by-the-single-shot-2uyhvtj3.png FIG. 2. The maximum bit width written by the single-shot intensity-grating as a function of the fluence, for different periodicities as indicated. Also shown are exemplary images of the entire grating written at different fluences, equally graded in color such that dark blue and light yellow indicate that the magnetization has been switched and not switched, respectively. The scale bar, common to all images, corresponds to 50 lm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-raw-magneto-optical-image-of-a-section-of-the-935xnge1.png FIG. 1. A raw magneto-optical image of a section of the magnetic domains written by a single pulse intensity-grating of periodicity 2.5 lm. Also shown is a zoomed (27 27) lm2 section of the magnetization distribution and an accompanying cross section. The width of the written domains is (1.36 0.2) lm. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-multimodal-human-like-characteristics-and-expressive-40lb6tzkqs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sequence-to-sequence-network-architecture-375rqeky.png Figure 2: Sequence to Sequence Network Architecture. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-multi-level-and-modular-conceptual-schema-hht08cfjo4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-entities-and-relationships-6mfh84vo.png Fig. 1. Entities and relationships. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-more-realistic-network-simulations-leveraging-the-2m2mjlc2y9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-system-call-wrapping-oqvb7a7g.png Fig. 4: System call wrapping https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-shared-library-approach-3s2ao38l.png Fig. 2: Shared library approach https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-syscall-barrier-process-simulation-1qb1dx4w.png Fig. 3: Syscall-barrier process simulation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-evaluation-realism-27uxt0uh.png Fig. 1: Evaluation realism https://scispace.com/papers/towards-ontology-based-multiagent-simulations-the-plasma-1nup2f72o6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-modular-structure-of-plasma-ontologies-37t1sphw.png Figure 3: Modular structure of PlaSMA ontologies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-framework-for-modelling-multiagent-based-simulation-3qhu5l7g.png Figure 6: Framework for modelling multiagent-based simulation systems, grounded on DOLCE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plasma-simulation-control-model-3r3wex1d.png Figure 1: PlaSMA simulation control model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-course-of-a-plasma-simulation-d4hw7gry.png Figure 2: Course of a PlaSMA simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-interrelation-of-simulation-agent-ontological-3lz4vcvr.png Figure 4: Interrelation of simulation agent, ontological object/service counterpart and physical objects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-interrelation-of-simulation-agent-ontological-2lsvg1s4.png Figure 5: Interrelation of simulation agent, ontological infrastructure counterpart and structure elements. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-optimal-multi-dimensional-query-processing-with-18869evtq3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-distribution-of-attributes-a-x-velocity-and-b-density-38ne8a19.png Fig. 7. Distribution of attributes (a) x-velocity and (b)density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-sided-range-query-8-a-37-on-a-bitmap-index-with-2ug8n69b.png Fig. 1. Two-sided range query 8 < A < 37 on a bitmap index with binning. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-optimal-bin-boundaries-for-various-data-and-query-2ut2zqko.png Fig. 2. Optimal bin boundaries for various data and query distributions. The horizontal lines represent range queries, e.g. 350 ≤ A < 1201. The vertical lines indicate the optimal bin boundaries that are calculated using our dynamic programming algorithm taking into account both the data and the query distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-optimal-bin-allocation-as-a-function-of-candidate-5nlo4y7q.png Fig. 3. Optimal bin allocation as a function of candidate selectivity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-probabilities-for-attributes-to-be-contained-in-a-1yorbxso.png Table 2. Probabilities for attributes to be contained in a query expression along with the respective optimal number of bins. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cost-improvement-factor-of-opt-binning-over-equi-depth-35a55gux.png Fig. 6. Cost improvement factor of Opt-binning over equi-depth binning for multidimensional queries. For 4-dimensional queries, the cost improvement of Opt-binning over equi-depth binning is about a factor of 9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-bin-boundaries-for-attribute-a-destinationport-and-b-9qq0evf3.png Fig. 5. Bin boundaries for attribute (a)DestinationPort and (b) SourceBytesPerPacket. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-taxonomy-of-results-on-optimal-binning-for-bitmap-6n372cg0.png Table 1. Taxonomy of results on optimal binning for bitmap indexes. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-optimal-design-of-data-hiding-algorithms-against-148152ypfl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-r-represents-a-decision-stating-that-we-do-not-possess-24a9whv4.png Fig. 6. ρ¬ represents a decision stating that we do not possess enough information in order to make a reliable selection between the two hypotheses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bayes-optimal-decision-function-for0-d-d-2-2-when-z-4-3atemr9s.png Fig. 4. Bayes optimal decision function for0 ≤ D ≤ d 2 2 when z = 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-with-r-defined-in-figure-4-the-lagrangian-is-able-to-yl0tdhke.png Fig. 5. With ρ defined in Figure 4 the Lagrangian is able to exhibit three local maxima, one of them at the pointa = 0, which implies that the adversary will use this point whenever the distortion constraints are too severe https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-discontinuity-problem-in-the-lagrangian-is-solved-cz411ftm.png Fig. 3. The discontinuity problem in the Lagrangian is solved by using piecewise linearcontinuousdecision functions. It is now easy to shape the Lagrangian such that the maxima created form a saddle point equilibrium. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-piecewise-linear-decision-function-wherer-0-5d-r0-0-5d-20gzqoh2.png Fig. 2. Piecewise linear decision function, whereρ(0.5d) = ρ0(0.5d) = ρ1(0.5d) = 1 2 https://scispace.com/papers/towards-optimal-multi-level-checkpointing-12zc6k6mb6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sets-of-parameters-a-and-b-used-as-inputs-for-3mfkegja.png Table 1: Sets of parameters (A) and (B) used as inputs for simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-performance-comparison-of-the-three-different-21sneemg.png Figure 6: Performance comparison of the three different approaches using 8 cases from Di et al. [8]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-set-of-parameters-c-used-as-input-for-simulations-14i4nfcx.png Table 4: Set of parameters (C) used as input for simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-performance-comparison-of-the-three-different-23cb2lca.png Figure 5: Performance comparison of the three different approaches using two cases from Di et al. [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-set-of-parameters-d-used-as-input-for-simulations-2h3ocvgw.png Table 5: Set of parameters (D) used as input for simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simulated-and-corresponding-theoretical-overheads-36euski2.png Figure 4: Simulated and (corresponding) theoretical overheads for all possible subsets of levels with the best and worst roundings for each subset using set of parameters (B). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-simulation-results-using-set-of-parameters-a-2cvmsaid.png Table 2: Simulation results using set of parameters (A). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulated-and-corresponding-theoretical-overheads-34n71xvb.png Figure 3: Simulated and (corresponding) theoretical overheads for all possible subsets of levels with the best and worst roundings for each subset using set of parameters (A). https://scispace.com/papers/towards-parallel-control-of-multiple-single-photon-emitters-2ewlo1vpkn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-experimental-scheme-b-intensity-emitted-by-a-2b6g32lb.png Fig. 1 (a) The experimental scheme (b) Intensity emitted by a single nanocrystal during 211 s. Noise floor is negligible. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-optimally-efficient-field-estimation-with-threshold-4ex9vaua43 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-real-robot-results-as-well-as-analytic-results-for-tx-2a6ln404.png Fig. 8. Real robot results as well as analytic results for tx = 0.3. 10 runs were performed per threshold, for 12 different thresholds with σ in [0..12000]. (a) Total active nodes (b) MSE. The errorbars show a 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-performance-with-i-ns-and-ii-tbs-500-runs-were-u3lly7bv.png Fig. 7. Performance with i) NS and ii) TBS. 500 runs were performed per threshold, for 24 different thresholds with s in [0..12000]. (a) Total active nodes (b) MSE. The errorbars show a 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-16-node-quadtree-structure-the-quadtree-hierarchy-is-192jvtzb.png Fig. 1. A 16-node quadtree structure. The quadtree hierarchy is decomposed into 3 hierarchy levels. A node will participate in either of the 3 subsets: {L0}, {L0, L1} or {L0, L1, L2}. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-fobj-for-a-b-1-and-tx-0-3-the-predicted-optimal-value-2jcfqem9.png Fig. 9. fobj for α, β = 1 and tx = 0.3. The predicted optimal value is s = argmins∈R+ fobj(s) ≈ 1600 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-graphs-show-the-calculated-power-of-an-acoustic-1ywoitu0.png Fig. 4. The graphs show the calculated power of an acoustic event at a given moment. Each of the 16 cells is occupied by one robotic sensor node. An acoustic source is located in the bottom left corner of the arena. (a) A snapshot of the true field values (b) The data sent out of the network by the top-level node after completion of the pruning algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-illustration-of-two-variant-state-machines-1pbclo39.png Fig. 3. Schematic illustration of two variant state-machines implemented for the quadtree structure. (a) NS (without dashed line): A node samples acoustic events. Measurement data from cluster nodes is received and processed. When the cluster data is complete, a node will broadcast the collected data. (b) TBS (with dashed line): A node which is shut down is absorbed by the idle state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-node-is-currently-processing-data-in-layer-lk-c4i4lbqf.png Fig. 2. The node is currently processing data in layer Lk . Measurement messages are sent bottom-up and control messages are sent top-down the quadtree structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-expected-performance-a-total-active-nodes-for-varying-3geeehf9.png Fig. 5. Expected performance. (a) Total active nodes for varying transmission failure rates (b) MSE. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-practical-framework-for-collecting-and-analyzing-tb89sfancn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-risk-aware-network-centric-attack-detection-and-3uu9dyqj.png Figure 1: Risk-Aware Network-centric Attack Detection and Prevention Framework https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-irc-sandman-architecture-8vgvx6bb.png Figure 2: IRC Sandman Architecture https://scispace.com/papers/towards-personalised-training-of-machine-learning-algorithms-22gr28xjnu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-classifiers-and-parameters-used-in-this-2nzefza8.png Table 1. Summary of classifiers and parameters used in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-table-showing-highest-accuracy-achieved-in-other-3b6uw43t.png Table 6. Table showing highest accuracy achieved in other work in food classification. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-from-increasing-the-visual-word-count-by-500-acpcv6qi.png Table 2. Results from increasing the visual word count by 500 for SURF and colour features using BOF method. SMO classifier (SMO) and Naive Bayes (NB) was used in these experiments.(* denotes highest accuracy achieved). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-diagram-describing-the-change-in-cohens-kappa-when-2u5rqigi.png Fig. 4. Diagram describing the change in Cohen’s Kappa when incrementally adding food classes to an image dataset. SMO classifier was used with BoF-SURF, BoF-colour, and SFTA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagram-describing-proposed-system-that-would-allow-34l88rwt.png Fig. 1. Diagram describing proposed system that would allow users to download classification models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-from-combining-features-together-denotes-1w9uaahu.png Table 4. Results from combining features together.(* denotes highest accuracy achieved). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-initial-results-from-increasing-the-visual-word-3h55wsz5.png Table 3. Initial results from increasing the visual word count by 500 for SURF and colour features using BOF method. Neural Network (NN) and Random Forest (RF) classifier were used in these experiments.(* denotes highest accuracy achieved). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-diagram-describing-the-change-in-percentage-accuracy-2rz6ke5g.png Fig. 3. Diagram describing the change in percentage accuracy when incrementally adding food classes to an image dataset. For this experiment SMO classifier was used with BoF-SURF, BoFcolour, and SFTA. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-principles-of-large-scale-agile-development-a-1vy3lt768k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definitions-by-workshop-participants-at-xp2014-1nkgwudr.png Table 1. Definitions by workshop participants at XP2014. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-revised-research-agenda-for-large-scale-agile-3tx4dfv2.png Table 2. Revised research agenda for large-scale agile software development. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-privacy-preserving-integration-of-distributed-29x865f2gi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dobjects-system-architecture-vkt6hchf.png Figure 5: DObjects system architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-possible-architectures-for-privacy-preserving-ncuitr7z.png Figure 1: Possible architectures for privacy preserving distributed data publishing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-implementation-of-architecture-for-secure-data-1lv1m7ex.png Figure 6: Implementation of architecture for secure data sharing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sample-dobjects-query-3kkav3er.png Figure 7: Sample DObjects query. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-general-architecture-for-secure-data-sharing-17ya0qwp.png Figure 3: General architecture for secure data sharing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-typical-mediator-based-architecture-1rq4ea5v.png Figure 2: Typical mediator-based architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-protocol-structure-fnqm3gt6.png Figure 4: Protocol structure. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-qos-prediction-based-on-composition-structure-2658nlsqha 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sample-analyzer-invocation-1njsryn3.png Fig. 6. Sample analyzer invocation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-experiment-two-composition-structure-ddcl2xe7.png Fig. 8. Experiment two: composition structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-initial-conditions-and-dependencies-1k6ihswe.png Fig. 3. Initial conditions and dependencies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-experiment-1-mean-square-error-14rff99y.png TABLE I EXPERIMENT 1: MEAN SQUARE ERROR https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-grouping-and-splitting-under-x2-x1-3sl917zt.png Fig. 5. Grouping and splitting under X2 > X1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-experiment-one-composition-structure-20lc2td4.png Fig. 7. Experiment one composition structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-typical-relationship-between-the-key-components-2a9a10e5.png Fig. 1. A typical relationship between the key components. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-experiment-1-comparison-between-pr-tpe-t-and-pr-tee-t-262m7mo9.png Fig. 11. Experiment 1: Comparison Between Pr[TPe < t] and Pr[TEe < t] https://scispace.com/papers/towards-rbf-interpolation-on-heterogeneous-hpc-systems-30lotswbec 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-iteration-count-for-the-parallel-test-case-36qubjtc.png Table 2. Iteration count for the parallel test case. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-timings-for-a-single-matrix-vector-product-in-16v6qwsw.png Table 1. Timings for a single matrix-vector product in seconds. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-quantum-3d-imaging-devices-3pya8efaon 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-qu3d-scenario-for-gpu-parallel-processing-based-on-1f93cjnh.png Figure 5. Qu3D scenario for GPU parallel processing based on NVIDIA Volta architecture as provided by an NVIDIA Jetson AGX Xavier device. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-swissspad2-photomicrograph-left-and-pixel-12cu4i06.png Figure 4. SwissSPAD2 photomicrograph (left) and pixel schematics (right). The pixel consists of 11 NMOS transistors, 7 with thick-oxide, and 4 with thin-oxide gate. The pixel stores a binary photon count in its memory capacitor. The in-pixel gate defines the time window, with respect to a 20 MHz external trigger signal, in which the pixel is sensitive to photons. The image is reproduced with permission from Ref. [22], copyright IEEE, 2018. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-swissspad2-gate-window-profile-the-transition-times-2lm7q4zi.png Figure 3. SwissSPAD2 gate window profile. The transition times and the gate width are annotated in the figure. The gate width is user-programmable, and the minimum gate width in the internal laser trigger mode is 10.8 ns. The image is reproduced with permission from Ref. [45], copyright The Authors, published by IOP Publishing Ltd., 2020. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-double-slit-image-reconstruction-obtained-by-j9jum3yq.png Figure 6. (a) double-slit image reconstruction obtained by correlations measurements, considering N = 6000 frames and two detectors characterized by a 128× 128 and a 10× 10 pixel resolution; (b) the standard reconstruction is repeated considering only the 10% of the available frames, chosen randomly; (c) compressive sensing reconstruction using the same dataset as in (b). While in the first case, the Pearson’s correlation coefficient is rred = 0.55; in the latter case, the coefficient is increased to rCS = 0.81. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-scheme-of-a-conventional-plenoptic-imaging-pi-xe71tn7a.png Figure 1. (a) the scheme of a conventional plenoptic imaging (PI) device: the image of the object is focused on a microlens array, while each microlens focuses an image of the main lens on the pixels behind. Such a configuration entails a loss of spatial resolution proportional to the gain in directional resolution; (b) shows the scheme of a correlation plenoptic imaging (CPI) setup, in which directional information is obtained by correlating the signals retrieved by a sensor on which the object is focused with a sensor that collects the image of the light source. The image in (a) is reproduced with the permission from Ref. [16], copyright American Physical Society, 2017. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-shows-the-resolution-limits-as-a-function-of-the-3b4j69em.png Figure 2. (a) shows the resolution limits, as a function of the longitudinal position, of the image of a double-slit mask with center-to-center distance d equal to twice the slit width; here, CPI outperforms both conventional imaging and standard PI with 3× 3 directional resolution. The evident asymmetry of the CPI curve is due to the existence of two planes in which the object is focused: one at zb = za and one at zb = 0 (see [16]). Plots in (b) show a result of a simulation: the target is moved from the focused plane (top left) to an out-of-focus plane (top right). Starting from this position, we show the results of PI refocusing with 3 × 3 directional resolution (bottom left) and the CPI refocusing (bottom right); (c) shows the results of an experiment [16] in which the standard image of a triple slit was completely blurred (top), while the image obtained by CPI (bottom) was made fully visible by exploiting information on light direction. Plots in (c) are reproduced with the permission from Ref. [16], copyright American Physical Society, 2017. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nvidia-jetson-xavier-agx-technical-specifications-qlizlt3p.png Table 1. NVIDIA Jetson Xavier AGX: Technical Specifications. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-quantitative-environmental-reconstructions-from-3sgjbgyg53 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relation-of-relative-abundance-of-selected-ecological-hhvvaofz.png Fig. 3. Relation of relative abundance of selected ecological groups with TEX86 and number of data in TEX86 biIs ns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-relation-of-relative-abundance-of-selected-ecological-1hvhf5pu.png Fig. 8. Relation of relative abundance of selected ecological groups and HexPG ratio to Corg/Ptot ratio and number of data in each bin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-schematic-view-of-paleoecological-affinities-of-1i223elq.png Fig. 12. Schematic view of paleoecological affinities of dominant Paleocene-Eocene dinocyst groups, genera and species. See also Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relation-of-relative-abundance-of-selected-ecological-1jbgwcn3.png Fig. 4. Relation of relative abundance of selected ecological groups to BIT index and HexPG ratio and number of data points in each bin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-relation-of-relative-abundance-of-epicystal-3a51v7a4.png Fig. 7. Relation of relative abundance of epicystal Goniodomideae to %Red Sea GDGTs and TEX86 and Number of data points in %Red Sea bin, for number of data in TEX86 bin, see Fig. 3d. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-relation-of-relative-abundance-of-thermophilic-3sq217bs.png Fig. 11. Relation of relative abundance of thermophilic dinocyst ecogroups to latitude. Yellow (left) represents data outside the PETM, red (right) row within the PETM. Note that the map is for illustrative purposes, for site locations see Fig. 1. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-group-and-species-affinities-indicates-clear-3n70tobw.png Table 3 Group and species affinities. *** indicates clear affinity, ** likely affinity, * possible affinity. Inferences from other work not tested here (a) (b) and (c). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sites-and-available-data-references-and-proxy-1dpm6o8q.png Table 1 Sites and available data. References and proxy annotations: Reference: a (Sluijs et al., 2006), b (Sluijs et al., 2008a), c (Sluijs et al., 2009), d (Harding et al., 2011), e (Sluijs and Brinkhuis, 2009), f (Zachos et al., 2006), g (Eldrett et al., 2014), h (Frieling et al., 2014), i (Sluijs et al., 2014), j (Crouch et al., 2003), k (Crouch and Brinkhuis, 2005), l (Sluijs et al., 2011), m (Röhl et al., 2004), n (Frieling et al., 2018b), o (Frieling et al., 2017). https://scispace.com/papers/towards-reliable-wireless-industrial-communication-with-real-4mh7yi40cs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-layering-1d1lrgwe.png Fig. 1. Layering. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-timing-of-the-transmission-of-one-message-1kdhp2oo.png Fig. 3. Timing of the transmission of one message. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulation-results-when-supporting-one-retransmission-2crnhsek.png Fig. 6. Simulation results when supporting one retransmission attempt and having four retransmission channels, each with the parameters , https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-simulation-results-when-supporting-one-retransmission-bawanamt.png Fig. 7. Simulation results when supporting one retransmission attempt and having four retransmission channels, each with the parameters , https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-timing-of-the-transmission-of-one-message-including-23aiwdu9.png Fig. 4. Timing of the transmission of one message, including retransmission. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-of-queueing-delay-message-b-arrives-to-the-3nf0zpip.png Fig. 5. Example of queueing delay. Message B arrives to the queue after Message A, but with an earlier deadline, thereby delaying packets of Message A. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-parameters-of-the-four-different-traffic-classes-1nptqhln.png TABLE II PARAMETERS OF THE FOUR DIFFERENT TRAFFIC CLASSES USED IN THE SIMULATIONS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-case-definitions-for-different-number-of-9awhbg3b.png TABLE III CASE DEFINITIONS FOR DIFFERENT NUMBER OF RETRANSMISSION CHANNELS USED IN THE SIMULATIONS https://scispace.com/papers/towards-resource-efficient-classifiers-for-always-on-1k4xm7cy4f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overview-of-our-dbn-approach-2vb70bcc.png Fig. 2: Overview of our DBN approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-results-for-three-different-har-sequences-being-a-3paxn508.png Fig. 8: Results for three different HAR sequences, being a realistic sequence (solid line) as also used in our other experiments, a fixed sequence (dashed line) and a random sequence (dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-results-for-har-with-cnns-t87c0c19.png Fig. 7: Results for HAR with CNNs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-results-for-sins-s3q9em09.png Fig. 5: Results for SINS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-results-for-har-w0kq8atw.png Fig. 6: Results for HAR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-offline-computation-of-the-sdp-with-a-threshold-of-0-8-2162qt1r.png Fig. 4: Offline computation of the SDP with a threshold of 0.8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cost-of-the-models-bars-versus-accuracy-diamonds-3rq4jvvn.png Fig. 3: Cost of the models (bars) versus accuracy (diamonds). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computational-cost-required-number-of-operations-for-1i2414xt.png Table 1: Computational cost (required number of operations) for features generation, evaluation of the base classifiers and online computation of the SDP. We use HARDL to refer to the HAR dataset with the CNN multi-class classifier https://scispace.com/papers/towards-respiration-rate-monitoring-using-an-in-ear-29g0e9i038 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-participant-wearing-nasal-cannulas-red-left-circle-ek3pwww9.png Figure 4: Participant wearing nasal cannulas (red, left circle) and the eSense headphones (blue, right circle). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-graph-in-the-top-left-corner-shows-the-raw-1tgel631.png Figure 3: The graph in the top left corner shows the raw acceleration signal of the X-, Y- and Z-axis, the graph in the top right the gyroscope data of the X-, Y- and Z-axis. The graph shown at the center-left displays the filtered acceleration signal compared to the ground truth and the center-right the filtered gyroscope signal compared to the ground truth. The three graphs in the bottom show the spectrum of the processed accelerometer signal (left), the ground truth pressure signal (center) and the gyroscope (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-two-diagrams-in-the-first-row-above-indicate-1o3rpftp.png Figure 6: The two diagrams in the first row above indicate how reducing the movement threshold increases the accuracy. The diagrams in the second row compare the data of two participants, whereas P1 achieves a much lower mean error than P8 even at a higher movement threshold of 5%. Per-User results indicated in different colors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-nokia-bell-labs-esense-headphones-9-left-32qflajb.png Figure 2: The Nokia Bell Labs eSense headphones [9] (left) connect via Bluetooth and transfer gyroscope and accelerometer data to the smartphone app (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-respiration-rate-system-performance-in-cycles-16dl0pk2.png Table 1: Respiration rate system performance in cycles-perminute (CPM). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-between-modalities-and-postures-mae-sd-in-6jktxopi.png Table 2: Comparison between modalities and postures (MAE / SD) in cycles-per-minute (CPM). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-shows-bland-altman-plots-for-the-accelerometer-left-1eh1vxnv.png Figure 5: Shows Bland-Altman plots for the accelerometer (left) and gyroscope (right) with an aggregated graph for the overall performance and for the postures standing, sitting and lying on the back. Per-user results indicated in different colors. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-safe-human-robot-collaboration-risk-assessment-of-s4owk9ql4o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sequence-of-operations-for-the-collaborative-station-1unl1l2h.png Fig. 5. Sequence of operations for the collaborative station https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-hazards-identified-20ly4daz.png TABLE I HAZARDS IDENTIFIED https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-required-performance-level-2vfb8shr.png Fig. 6. Required performance level https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-deliberation-in-planning-and-acting-mode-2ujba3xu.png Fig. 7. Deliberation in planning and acting mode https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-four-collaborative-modes-according-to-iso-10218-2011-2nw8inz9.png Fig. 1. Four Collaborative modes according to ISO 10218:2011, from Villani et al. [4] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-collaborative-robot-station-of-the-use-case-1vugs15v.png Fig. 4. The collaborative robot station of the use case https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-part-of-the-operations-performed-sequentially-by-3nd807oj.png Fig. 3. Part of the operations performed sequentially by operator on the station https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-line-layout-with-kitting-area-adjacent-to-mainline-uiwum7ta.png Fig. 2. Line layout with kitting area adjacent to mainline(left). The use case station where the operator is mounting the ladder frame on top of the engine(right) https://scispace.com/papers/towards-secure-cloud-database-with-fine-grained-access-3hmtkxzl0r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-retrieving-data-select-request-mhasq6qj.png Fig. 4. Retrieving Data (SELECT request) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-submitting-data-insert-s561tlyf.png Fig. 3. Submitting Data (INSERT) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-zerovisibility-cloud-framework-3jtsq3lz.png Fig. 2. ZeroVisibility Cloud Framework https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-retrieving-data-select-response-2j1ky1pl.png Fig. 5. Retrieving Data (SELECT response) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cp-abe-access-tree-34j7saqj.png Fig. 1. CP-ABE Access Tree) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-resulting-db-sizes-for-test-dbs-of-logarithmically-1wcfjhd0.png Fig. 6. Resulting DB Sizes for test DBs (of logarithmically increasing row cardinality) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-access-example-research-teams-and-contexts-of-2zv7bz7p.png Table 1. Data Access Example: Research teams and contexts of interest https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-database-load-time-1wzpczfl.png Fig. 7. Database load time https://scispace.com/papers/towards-self-tuning-residual-generators-for-uav-control-4tda8r3h3k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-scatter-diagram-of-test-statistic-tl-versus-parameter-w9qi36fn.png Fig. 8. Scatter diagram of test statistic, TL, versus parameter estimates. Blue is H0, red is H1 for aircraft with an aileron fault. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-parameters-estimates-for-rra-when-a-fault-occurs-the-2ld5n4tf.png Fig. 6. Parameters estimates for Rra when a fault occurs. The fault is detected at T = 4116 s. The parameter estimation is usually stopped when a fault is detected, but to illustrate the progress the estimation is continued here. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-parameters-estimates-for-rra-in-normal-flight-3d4hslgq.png Fig. 7. Parameters estimates for Rra in normal flight conditions. The 95% confidence boundaries are indicated with the dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-time-development-of-test-statistic-tl-for-aircraft-2y0i0k1m.png Fig. 9. Time development of test statistic, TL, for aircraft with an aileron fault. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-probability-plot-for-test-statistic-tl-for-flights-of-1vqw2t5b.png Fig. 4. Probability plot for test statistic, TL, for flights of aircraft with no faults. The dashed line is the estimated distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-histograms-for-parameter-estimates-blue-is-h0-red-is-3oh8n9sd.png Fig. 5. Histograms for parameter estimates. Blue is H0, red is H1 for aircraft with an aileron fault. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-development-of-the-three-residuals-from-a-flight-2q2rxz06.png Fig. 1. Time development of the three residuals from a flight where an aileron fault developed shortly before mission aborted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-power-spectrum-and-autocorrelation-for-raw-residual-eq-3488x0yh.png Fig. 3. Power spectrum and autocorrelation for raw residual Eq. (14). https://scispace.com/papers/towards-security-aware-mutation-testing-3e1psfv964 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-number-of-security-aware-mutants-generated-on-4-open-2eqver70.png TABLE V: Number of security-aware mutants generated on 4 open source projects. The table entries record the number of mutants generated per mutation operator and project. Non referenced operators did not produce any mutants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-mutating-projects-with-new-operators-1e7sed1t.png TABLE IV: Mutating projects with new operators https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-injected-classes-of-vulnerabilities-that-were-3sjd5f2y.png TABLE III: Injected classes of vulnerabilities that were identified by FindBugs (with the security plugin), in a sample project. We mutated this project and verified the presence of vulnerabilities by comparing the static analysis reports of the mutants and the original programs. Y signifies that the injected vulnerability was identified by FindBugs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-security-aware-mutation-operators-2024oj5k.png TABLE I: Security-aware Mutation Operators https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-mutating-itrust-with-pits-standart-operator-set-the-316gsuab.png TABLE II: Mutating iTrust with PIT’s standart operator set. The table records the number of mutants and vulnerabilities that were generated per used operator. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-succinctness-in-mining-scenario-based-specifications-441c9bk6qc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-some-mined-concrete-lscs-8yiyybw3.png Fig. 1. Some Mined Concrete LSCs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-mine-frequent-charts-procedure-3txmq3c2.png Fig. 10. Mine Frequent Charts Procedure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-mining-framework-we40ztff.png Fig. 8. Mining Framework https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-some-mined-symbolic-lscs-2u1107q8.png Fig. 2. Some Mined Symbolic LSCs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-non-discriminative-discriminative-charts-7b275t76.png Fig. 7. Non-Discriminative & Discriminative Charts https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-example-collection-of-3-traces-each-of-6-8-events-ai-1dctfs24.png TABLE I EXAMPLE COLLECTION OF 3 TRACES, EACH OF 6-8 EVENTS. ai AND bi ARE OBJECT INSTANCES OF CLASS A AND B RESP. m1, m2, AND m3 ARE METHOD SIGNATURES. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-compose-non-redundant-significant-lscs-procedure-1f9w1bq4.png Fig. 11. Compose Non-Redundant Significant LSCs Procedure another LSC L′ where there is an isomorphic embedding of L in L′ and both LSCs have the same statistics (i.e., equal support and confidence). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-pbdg-examples-nevj40pw.png Fig. 9. PBDG Examples https://scispace.com/papers/towards-software-friendly-networks-1ywre2nic8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-flow-completion-time-with-out-sfnets-congestion-21e1ab0m.png Figure 4: Flow completion time with(out) SFNet’s congestion enquiry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-available-tcp-bandwidth-with-out-sfnets-reservation-14sf73vv.png Figure 5: Available TCP bandwidth with(out) SFNet’s reservation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-components-of-sdn-3kvagprw.png Figure 1: Components of SDN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-architecture-of-sfnet-2rxnd07t.png Figure 2: Architecture of SFNet https://scispace.com/papers/towards-sustainable-dyes-for-dye-sensitized-solar-cells-3j6a69yjz7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-3mi8k2fs.png Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-methyl-signals-in-the-250-mhz-1h-nmr-spectrum-of-a-22lx7hr6.png Fig. 5. The methyl signals in the 250 MHz 1H NMR spectrum of a CD3CN solution of equimolar amounts of [Cu(6,6'-Me2bpy)2][PF6] and [Cu(2,9-Me2phen)2][PF6]. The four signals arise from a 1:2:1 statistical equilibrium mixture of the starting complexes and the heteroleptic species [Cu(6,6'-Me2bpy)(2,9-Me2phen)] +.[7] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-stepwise-construction-of-a-dsc-involving-the-bcnqwm9a.png Fig. 6. The stepwise construction of a DSC involving the initial binding of a carboxylic acid ligand to the semiconductor surface to give a colourless device, followed by ligand exchange with a [CuL2] + complex to give a surface-bound red heteroleptic species. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-cu-66-me2bpy-2-cation-in-cu-66-me2bpy-2-pf6-with-195cz58h.png Fig. 3. (a) The [Cu(6,6'-Me2bpy)2] + cation in [Cu(6,6'-Me2bpy)2][PF6] with carbon atoms in grey and nitrogen in black demonstrating the role of the substituents in protecting the metal centre from the environment.[7] (b) The [Cu(1)2] + cation in [Cu(1)2][PF6] demonstrating that the introduction of the carboxylate substituents has no gross geometrical consequences for the complex. Thermal ellipsoids are depicted at the 50% level and hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-dsc-the-semiconductor-2ocewofs.png Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the DSC. The semiconductor nanoparticles surface-functionalised with a dye-sensitizer form a layer at a conducting glass electrode (in this case indium tin oxide, ITO). The dye has a HOMO-LUMO gap that straddles the conduction band lower edge of the semiconductor. After absorption of light, the oxidised dye molecule is reduced by iodide, and the resultant triiodide is subsequently reduced at the counter electrode after work has been taken out of the system. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-strong-field-tests-of-beyond-horndeski-gravity-3iqkm49b98 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-coefficients-for-the-fitting-relation-16-11f20ek7.png TABLE I. Coefficients for the fitting relation (16). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-left-panels-the-i-c-relations-for-gr-upper-u-1-4-0-03-k6wrlle7.png FIG. 3. Left panels: The Ī − C relations for GR (upper), ϒ ¼ −0.03 (middle), and ϒ ¼ −0.05 (lower). The black solid line is the best fit of [18] (upper panel only) and the black dashed line is our best fit. Right panels: ΔĪ=Ī as a function of the compactness for GR (upper), ϒ ¼ −0.03 (middle), and ϒ ¼ −0.05 (lower). Each individual stellar model is represented by a purple dot in all cases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-i-c-relation-for-gr-black-solid-curve-and-beyond-219dbshk.png FIG. 4. The Ī − C relation for GR (black solid curve) and beyond Horndeski theories with ϒ ¼ −0.03 (blue, dashed curve) and ϒ ¼ −0.05 (red, dotted curve). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-fractional-difference-between-the-best-fitting-i-c-3adasaju.png FIG. 5. The fractional difference between the best-fitting Ī − C relations [ðĪϒðCÞ − ĪGRðCÞÞ=ĪGRðCÞ] for ϒ ¼ −0.03 (blue, solid curve) and ϒ ¼ −0.05 (red, dashed curve). We also show the fractional difference between our GR relation and the one found by [18] (black, dotted curve) as well as the scatter in all three bestfitting relations (light red dots). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-mass-radius-relation-for-hyperon-gm2nph-stars-3g93pwib.png FIG. 6. The mass-radius relation for hyperon (GM2NPH) stars (black) and quark (SQM2) stars (red) for general relativity (left panel) and beyond Horndeski theories withϒ ¼ −0.05 (right panel). The region between the gray dashed lines corresponds to the 1σ region for the heaviest mass object observed [46]. Note that the axes have different scales. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-maximum-masses-of-hyperonic-and-quark-stars-in-gr-1hpq8wm3.png FIG. 7. The maximum masses of hyperonic and quark stars in GR (black dots) and beyond Horndeski theories with ϒ ¼ −0.03 (blue dots) and ϒ ¼ −0.05 (red dots). The upper and lower bounds on the mass of the heaviest observed neutron star presently observed (2.01 0.04 M⊙ [46]) are shown using the gray dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-maximum-mass-for-each-equation-of-state-for-values-2d0x022b.png FIG. 1. The maximum mass for each equation of state for values of ϒ indicated in the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-maximum-mass-and-radius-for-each-equation-of-state-2f4gesg9.png FIG. 2. The maximum mass and radius for each equation of state. The values of ϒ are the same as in Fig. 1. The light gray shaded region shows the condition for causality in GR i.e. the condition for the sound speed to be ≤ 1 and assumes that the heaviest observed neutron star has a mass of 2.01 M⊙. The dark gray region corresponds to objects that would be more compact than black holes i.e. R < 2GNM. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-supply-chain-excellence-using-network-analysis-1noakhin66 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-network-for-logistics-cost-dimension-3n3apni9.png Figure 4. Network for Logistics Cost Dimension https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-newman-subgroups-for-time-criticality-39h18t1f.png TABLE V. NEWMAN SUBGROUPS FOR TIME CRITICALITY https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-network-for-delivery-performance-3v8tm6cp.png Figure 5. Network for Delivery Performance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-network-for-asset-management-dimension-1lza5kdu.png Figure 3. Network for Asset Management Dimension https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-critical-set-of-nodes-whose-removal-most-fragment-u5cdneij.png TABLE IX. CRITICAL SET OF NODES WHOSE REMOVAL MOST FRAGMENT OR DISRUPTS THE NETWORK. https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-boundary-spanners-for-the-four-dimensions-of-c5bltvzb.png TABLE VIII. BOUNDARY SPANNERS FOR THE FOUR DIMENSIONS OF EXCELLENCE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-network-for-flexibility-35frwvxs.png Figure 6. Network for Flexibility https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-combined-excellence-dimensions-network-37vlcl8l.png Figure 7. Combined Excellence Dimensions Network https://scispace.com/papers/towards-the-definition-of-workflows-for-automation-in-hbim-3m5wej74v3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-used-in-data-processing-2seyb3gt.png Table 1. Parameters used in data processing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-used-in-data-processing-3ioh5e41.png Table 2. Parameters used in data processing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-workflow-of-the-segmentation-process-for-historical-35q4ilzo.png Fig. 1. Workflow of the segmentation process for historical building indoors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-volta-ad-ombrello-data-set-original-data-a-and-results-3tkipdi3.png Fig. 3. ‘Volta ad ombrello’ data set. Original data (a) and results of the classification: floor (b), ceiling (c), walls (d–g) and doors (h–l). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-salone-data-set-original-data-a-and-results-of-the-1ugat8fb.png Fig. 2. ‘Salone’ data set. Original data (a) and results of the classification: floor (b), ceiling (c), walls (d–g) and windows (h). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-four-section-of-the-developed-revit-add-in-for-d64bhaxk.png Fig. 4. The four section of the developed Revit Add-in for semi-automated modelling (a). The first section ‘Scan management’ (b) the second section ‘Modelling GOGs’ (c) implemented functions for automatic ‘Database generation’ and (d) Interoperability levels https://scispace.com/papers/towards-the-definition-of-a-pattern-sequence-for-real-time-4bqjakso8b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-screenshot-of-ata-the-simulator-view-of-the-cartesian-10h93jjt.png Fig. 3. Screenshot of ATA. The simulator view of the Cartesian robot is shown in the bottom-right side. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-sequence-diagram-with-a-typical-execution-scenario-3f5djm6j.png Fig. 6. A sequence diagram with a typical execution scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-requirements-for-the-transformation-2qt3x48s.png Table 1. Summary of the requirements for the transformation development. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ideal-scenario-for-assigning-activities-to-tasks-2r1ara1x.png Fig. 1. Ideal scenario for assigning activities to tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simplified-class-diagram-of-the-generated-code-g4u8n944.png Fig. 5. Simplified class diagram of the generated code. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-global-view-of-the-development-process-b92sk8rp.png Fig. 2. Global view of the development process. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-the-complete-picture-combining-modelling-and-42mvvedtz8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-5-cluego-network-for-the-gene-products-in-the-1owcnake.png Figure 6.5 ClueGO network for the gene products in the extended network. The ClueGO app was used to find overrepresented GO processes and a network of connected GO terms was created. Each node represents a GO biological process, and the colours represent the GO group. Thirty GO groups are present in the network, one representing GO biological process per group is named in the figure. The edges reflect the relationships between the terms based on the similarity of their associated genes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-the-wikipathways-pathway-diagram-for-glycolysis-m3u3lph7.png Figure 1.2 The WikiPathways pathway diagram for Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathway (http://wikipathways.org/instance/WP534) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-a-comparative-view-of-the-abacavir-transport-and-bgjtfcwy.png Figure 4.2 A comparative view of the Abacavir transport and metabolism pathway for Homo sapiens from Reactome Database (version 54). (a) Reactome View of Abacavir transport and metabolism (Homo sapiens) [32] and (b) Pathway view on WikiPathways(WP2712_r83598) [33]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-transitive-dependency-structure-of-pathvisio-3-3ja9jiqd.png Figure 2.1 Transitive Dependency Structure of PathVisio 3. The application consists of eight modules each providing specific functionality. The modules core and data are independent modules (colored in blue) that function as libraries that can be reused outside of PathVisio (PV). Especially the core module is often used as a PV library for reading and writing of pathway files. Other modules in red, gui, desktop and visualization, provide functionality that is used by other modules. Green modules, gex, statistics and plugin manager, are not used by other PV modules but can be used by PV plugins. The PV JavaApplet version integrated in WikiPathways uses the core and gui module. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-3-pie-chart-showing-the-percentage-of-cytoscape-ufbv8wus.png Figure 7.3 Pie Chart showing the Percentage of Cytoscape apps developed by individuals from different countries. The figure is taken from [58]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-venn-diagrams-showing-coverage-of-other-external-b5rqrrhq.png Figure 4.3 Venn Diagrams showing coverage of other external databases by WikiPathways and Reactome. (a) Venn Diagram showing coverage of Gene Ontology Terms by Gene Products of WikiPathways and Reactome, (b) Venn Diagram showing coverage of Biological Process (BP), Molecular Function (MF), and Cellular Compartment (CC) Gene Ontology Terms by Gene Products of curated and reactome_approved collections of WikiPathways pathways, and (c) Venn Diagram showing coverage of the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) by metabolites curated and reactome_approved collections of WikiPathways pathways. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-1-mathematical-models-from-biomodels-org-converted-gl2vn4jy.png Table 7.1 Mathematical models from Biomodels.org converted into pathway diagrams and uploaded into WikiPathways. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-fourteen-pathways-significantly-changed-in-mao-vs-1cn64iqi.png Table 6.1 Fourteen pathways significantly changed in MAO vs MNO after the two groups gained weight. The pathways are ranked according to Z score. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-the-development-of-smart-3d-gated-scaffolds-for-on-5n2nya0x20 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-sem-image-at-low-magnifications-of-the-s3-surface-2a9796a5.png Figure 2. (A) SEM Image at low magnifications of the S3 surface and (B) the S3 fracture, showing giant macroporosity. (C) Image of S3 at high magnifications in which a second porosity level can be observed due to the gelatin cross-linking, (D) second macroporosity level showing the incorporated S2 nanoparticles. (E) Higher magnification shows a wall scaffold with embedded S2 nanoparticles. (F) EDX microanalysis of image E at sites 1 (wall) and 2 (S2 nanoparticles). (G) Dye release kinetics in PBS at 37ºC from S3 (a) in the presence and (b) absence of APase. SEM micrographs of the scaffolds after 48 hours of HOS culture. (H) Detail of c.a. 900 µm macropore prepared by 3D printing. The selected area indicates a fully coated border site by HOS cells; higher magnification of this area (I). (J) Transversal section of the scaffolds; double arrow points the channel width and dotted lines mark the struts. The selected area is magnified in (K), where spread HOS cells can be observed https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-organic-content-a-mmol-g-of-solid-in-solids-s1-and-sm6stnu2.png Table 1. Organic content (α, mmol/g of solid) in solids S1 and S2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-powder-x-ray-diffraction-pattern-of-a-starting-amrfq0ao.png Figure 1. (A) Powder X-Ray diffraction pattern of a) starting calcined MCM-41, b) nanoparticulated S2, c) S3 scaffold (vide infra). (B) Representative TEM image of the S2 gated nanoparticles. (C) Kinetic dye release studies done at 37ºC in water of ATP-capped solid S2 a) in the presence and b) absence of APase. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-the-development-of-an-integrated-modelling-framework-4u7dceca6a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3-summary-of-reagents-and-their-purpose-wills-and-2un63ohf.png Table 2.3: Summary of reagents and their purpose (Wills and Napier Munn, 2006). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-comparison-of-the-unbalanced-chemical-assays-with-zsp5rpio.png Figure 4.2: Comparison of the unbalanced chemical assays with the QEMSCAN calculated chemical assay for all samples. The associated R2 value is included for each element. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-the-elemental-composition-of-a-concentrate-1on46ni6.png Figure 5.2: The elemental composition of a concentrate produced from the base case. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-7-guidelines-for-ard-classification-using-different-32wn6tx3.png Table 2.7: Guidelines for ARD classification using different static chemical tests (Smart et al., 2002; Stewart et al., 2006). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-general-trend-of-declining-ore-grades-for-base-1hl3uyer.png Figure 1.1: General trend of declining ore grades for base and precious metals (Mudd, 2009). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-qemscan-bulk-mineralogy-of-the-different-samples-17u0cazu.png Table 4.4: QEMSCAN bulk mineralogy of the different samples. Note results shown are unbalanced and the data is expressed as wt. %. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-a-comparison-of-zinc-recovery-and-liberation-26iknfcd.png Figure 2.2: A comparison of zinc recovery and liberation before and after installing IsaMill technology at the Mt Isa Mines from 1981 to 1996 (Young et al., 1997). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-9-summary-of-the-relative-potential-contribution-of-1o4d26tx.png Table 4.9: Summary of the relative potential contribution of the various minerals in terms of their acid forming or neutralising capacity. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-the-integration-of-safety-analysis-in-a-model-based-4ni50suywz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-integration-of-safety-analysis-techniques-in-a-sysml-3au5m93d.png Fig. 1 Integration of safety analysis techniques in a SysML based MBSE Process https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fault-tree-for-unannunciated-loss-of-all-wheel-brakes-3jj4srkr.png Fig. 4 Fault Tree for “unannunciated loss of all wheel brakes” failure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-internal-model-of-the-wheel-brake-system-1mcr5bpq.png Fig. 3 Internal model of the wheel brake system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-extract-of-aircraft-level-functions-brake-down-34q378tw.png Fig. 2 Extract of aircraft level functions brake down https://scispace.com/papers/towards-the-integration-of-process-and-quality-control-using-3ob4inhbmj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-multi-agent-system-architecture-for-the-production-c4tkih2o.png Fig. 2. Multi-agent System Architecture for the Production Line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bearing-insertion-quality-control-and-temperature-3cqlc8bh.png Fig. 4 Bearing Insertion, Quality Control and Temperature Adaption. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cycle-of-engineering-quality-influences-3rft08mv.png Fig. 3 Cycle of Engineering Quality influences. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-self-optimization-at-the-level-of-measurement-system-2p8bfxo6.png Fig. 5 Self-optimization at the Level of Measurement System. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-results-number-of-products-1wa9ikeo.png TABLE I: SIMULATION RESULTS, NUMBER OF PRODUCTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dependence-of-measurement-uncertainty-u-on-signal-hzv7fa6z.png Fig. 6 Dependence of Measurement Uncertainty U on Signal Quality QP in Laser Doppler Vibration Measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dcs-mes-focus-of-grace-project-in-the-automation-1opzfbqt.png Fig. 1. DCS-MES focus of GRACE Project in the Automation Pyramid. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-the-quantitative-characterization-of-piglets-49w2r35nvp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-the-weight-dynamics-as-predicted-by-253x90dp.png Figure 2 Comparison of the weight dynamics as predicted by the unperturbed and the GompertzMakeman (perturbed) models. Animal ID= 215 is represented. Circles represent the different body weight measures of the individual piglet relative to days from weaning, the solid line is the predicted response of the unperturbed model, and the dashed line is the perturbed model response. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-the-parameters-of-the-2oocinnr.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics for the parameters of the perturbed model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-body-weight-dynamics-trajectories-a-and-b-figures-252rbcor.png Figure 1 Body weight dynamics trajectories. A and B figures represent samples with the worst level of fitting using the Gompertz model. C and D figures represent samples with the best fitting using the Gompertz model. Circles represent the different body weight measures of the individual piglet relative to days from weaning, the solid line is the Gompertz predicted response, and the dashed line is the perturbed model response. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pearsons-coefficients-to-visualize-correlations-t8pa1lwb.png Figure 4 Pearson’s coefficients to visualize correlations among the model parameters of the GompertzMakeham perturbed model and the faeces score data. The size of the circles are proportional to the correlation coefficients. Only the correlations with p-value less than 0.05 were considered as significant and were represented with circles, the insignificant correlations are left blank. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scatter-plot-with-marginal-histograms-illustrating-38r6kb4z.png Figure 3 Scatter plot with marginal histograms illustrating the relationship between parameter C and parameter ABC of the Gompertz-Makeham perturbed model. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-the-synthesis-of-light-stable-coenzyme-b12-analogs-3hzmbolyql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-bond-and-hydrogen-bond-lengths-a-as-well-as-211i37ik.png Table 2. Selected bond and hydrogen bond lengths (Å) as well as angles (°) for compounds 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-crystallographic-data-for-compounds-1-and-2-2u2nfn27.png Table 1. Crystallographic data for compounds 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-touchless-pore-fingerprint-biometrics-a-neural-jqbrgjayyy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-algorithms-error-rates-the-red-line-indicates-the-3impmzw5.png Fig. 6. Algorithm’s error rates: the red line indicates the proportion of candidate points PTP (rw/4) found within the range of rw/4 pixels from a real pore, where rw = 40 pixels is the ridge width in the used images, while the dashed blue line indicates the amount of real pores retrieved by the algorithm within the range of rw/4 pixels. The X axis represents the number of images ordered by the amount of pores found by the supervisor. It is possible to observe that a neural post-processing step is necessary in order to increase the estimation accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-particulars-of-a-touchless-fingerprint-image-captured-9986cbjy.png Fig. 1. Particulars of a touchless fingerprint image captured using the proposed method and a touch-based image captured using an optical device: (a) touchless image; (b) touch-based image. It is possible to observe the sweat pores, which are the most significant Level 3 features, present on the ridges. However, the touchless image exhibits a minor contrast between the pores and ridges, resulting in the necessity of more complex processing algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schema-of-the-used-acquisition-setup-g68rrpfs.png Fig. 2. Schema of the used acquisition setup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-number-of-extracted-pores-and-tp-rw-4-for-each-test-1oowa8om.png Fig. 8. Number of extracted pores and |TP (rw/4)| for each test image. Images are sorted in ascending order of number of extracted points. These numbers are sufficiently high to allow a recognition for most images, as demonstrated by Jain et al. [25]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-output-of-the-candidate-extraction-step-blue-circles-11pirfge.png Fig. 3. Output of the candidate extraction step: blue circles mark the manually found pores, while red crosses mark the candidates found by the algorithm. Candidate points are then used in the neural post-processing step in order to select the actual pores. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-particulars-of-the-central-region-centered-in-the-core-24h7r55m.png Fig. 4. Particulars of the central region, centered in the core, of the touchless fingerprint images captured from different individuals using the proposed approach. It is possible to observe the sweat pores present on the ridges. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-of-the-ground-truth-extracted-from-a-touchless-vpzoxep3.png Fig. 5. Example of the ground truth extracted from a touchless sample captured using the proposed approach, and the corresponding touch-based image: (a) touchless sample; (b) touch-based image. It is possible to observe that approximately the same pores can be visible in both cases. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-understanding-comprehensive-morphometric-changes-and-1h3321td78 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-regions-from-freesurfer-used-in-the-current-mhe105yp.png Table 2: The regions from FreeSurfer used in the current study are tabulated. Reg ID, R, and L represent the region identification number, right hemisphere, and left hemisphere respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-various-demographics-along-with-the-3im5wvb3.png Table 1: Various demographics along with the neuropsychological assessment test results of all the participants are shown along with their mean±SD. Results of pairwise statistical comparisons are also shown as p-values, represented by the letter “p”. NS: Non-significant; NA: Not-applicable. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-metrics-for-the-various-machine-learning-9bsdt9rr.png Table 3: Performance metrics for the various machine-learning models with the associated features are tabulated. AUROC: Area under the receiver operating characteristic; RBFN: Radial Basis Functional Networks; SVM: Support Vector Machine. AUROC results at the 95th percentile are shown in bold with *; AUROC results better than the 95th percentile are shown in bold with ** https://scispace.com/papers/towards-unified-principles-of-interaction-3z0a01vjnz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-structure-of-project-one-zvu5n4qn.png Figure 2: The structure of project ONE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-rich-substrate-and-associated-instruments-12vmpb7p.png Figure 1: A rich substrate and associated instruments https://scispace.com/papers/towards-understanding-user-tolerance-to-network-latency-and-4wg8581kt2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-user-acceptance-for-a-data-rate-and-b-delay-1qgqt8vd.png Figure 4: User acceptance for (a) data rate and (b) delay tolerance experiment (before sanitization) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-user-acceptance-when-trading-off-delay-with-data-3aak9uwa.png Figure 5: User acceptance when trading-off delay with data rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-meshes-used-in-our-experiments-left-to-right-thai-1d8tuktz.png Figure 1: Meshes used in our experiments. Left to right: Thai Statue, Dragon, and Happy Buddha. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-meshes-used-in-experiments-1vr23bsu.png Table 1: Properties of meshes used in experiments https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-delay-and-data-rate-values-for-data-rate-tolerance-3gg9of9d.png Table 2: Delay and data rate values for data rate tolerance experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-delay-and-data-rate-values-used-for-delay-tolerance-1b5vwtfb.png Table 3: Delay and data rate values used for delay tolerance experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-delay-and-data-rate-value-used-for-the-trade-off-34measc6.png Table 4: Delay and data rate value used for the trade-off experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-user-acceptance-for-delay-tolerance-sub-experiment-3s5z2jai.png Figure 3: User acceptance for delay tolerance sub-experiment (with sanitization) https://scispace.com/papers/towards-uniformly-distributed-heat-mass-and-charge-a-flow-1k0wegk6z6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-three-variation-of-a-circular-interdigitated-anode-sfu9rdus.png Figure 3: Three variation of a circular, interdigitated anode geometry: (a) equal land width, (b) equal land area, and (c) equal land area with half the area of case b. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-polarization-curves-a-modeling-fit-vs-experimental-19ycmlt8.png Figure 5: Polarization curves: (a) modeling fit vs. experimental measurements and (b) overpotential contributions at 343 K for an isothermal cell . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-gas-volume-fraction-distribution-a-along-the-2kiop430.png Figure 10: Gas volume fraction distribution: (a) along the channel direction and (b) through-plane direction, mid-way in channel 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-flow-pattern-maps-based-on-data-from-zhao-and-bi-33-km4kj2bn.png Figure 4: Flow pattern maps based on data from Zhao and Bi [33]. The solid and dashed lines denote transition lines between the various flow pattern. The symbols denote the resulting flows for different current density operations: (E) 0.25 A cm−2, (4) 0.5 A cm−2, (2) 1 A cm−2, (D) 2.5 A cm−2 and ( ) 5 A cm−2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-in-plane-distribution-of-temperature-for-case-a-b-2t0j89a6.png Figure 11: In-plane distribution of temperature for Case A, B and C, respectively, mid-way through the PEM and gasket. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-in-plane-distribution-of-current-density-variation-2nu7dspd.png Figure 12: In-plane distribution of current density variation for Case A, B and C, respectively, mid-way through the PEM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-maldistribution-among-outgoing-interdigitated-1ozj22pu.png Figure 6: Maldistribution among outgoing interdigitated channels: (a) channel mass quality normalized by the outlet mass quality xout = 0.00267542 and (b) temperature difference between channel and outlet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-in-plane-distribution-of-gas-volume-fraction-mid-275s2ds6.png Figure 8: In-plane distribution of gas volume fraction mid-way in the through-plane direction of the PTL for Case A, B and C, respectively. It should be noted that the maximum gas volume fraction on the scale is limited to 0.75 in order to make differences more visible. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-using-cached-data-mining-for-large-scale-recommender-3krup4633b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-database-size-vs-throughput-for-get-most-popular-tools-2t5obml6.png Fig. 2. Database Size vs. Throughput, for “Get Most Popular Tools” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-database-size-vs-average-response-time-for-get-most-ta9pj31d.png Fig. 1. Database Size vs. Average Response Time, for “Get Most Popular Workflow Heads” https://scispace.com/papers/towards-validation-of-an-adaptive-flight-control-simulation-3r7ut8k3zp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1d-gp-sample-path-example-with-different-1wuc0p1h.png Figure 3. 1D GP sample path example with different correlation functions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-prediction-of-time-to-failure-with-tgp-left-and-svm-36mkuvu4.png Figure 6. Prediction of time to failure with TGP (left) and SVM (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tgp-example-the-input-space-was-divided-into-three-39c215y3.png Figure 4. TGP example. The input space was divided into three regions with a distinct GP inferred in each region. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-absolute-prediction-error-for-time-to-failure-1iuzk7x9.png Table 4. Mean absolute prediction error for time to failure using TGP and SVM https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-false-positives-and-false-negatives-percentage-2garvgeq.png Table 3. False Positives and False Negatives Percentage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-validation-between-several-differing-fidelity-7ws8spmd.png Figure 1. Validation Between Several Differing Fidelity Models of Reality https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inputs-and-outputs-note-that-the-pilot-inputs-are-1eid85az.png Table 1. Inputs and outputs. Note that the pilot inputs are kept constant in this experiment and are not considered to be a input. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-comparison-of-two-different-airfoils-against-thin-16i04r35.png Figure 2. A Comparison of Two Different Airfoils Against Thin Airfoil Theory https://scispace.com/papers/towards-using-reservoir-computing-networks-for-noise-robust-47hzt3o2q9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-from-left-to-right-a-clean-mnist-sample-and-its-jnkzy5py.png Fig. 1. From left to right, a clean MNIST sample and its corresponding noisy versions: salt & pepper, border, Gaussian, block, and speckle, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-noise-fraction-nf-for-the-output-of-the-mixed-the-1g0j17d3.png Fig. 8. The noise fraction (NF) for the output of the mixed, the combined and an ‘ideal’ DAE that has prior knowledge of the noise type. The NF of the raw noisy images are mentioned between brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-optimizing-the-reservoir-size-and-the-number-of-layers-1eibll5m.png Fig. 7. Optimizing the reservoir size and the number of layers for an RCNbased DAE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-one-clean-and-five-noise-corrupted-samples-of-digit-9-3upnch65.png Fig. 9. One clean and five noise corrupted samples of digit 9 (top) and the corresponding outputs of the MixDAE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-basic-rcn-consists-of-a-reservoir-and-a-readout-1z3jkcbk.png Fig. 2. A basic RCN consists of a reservoir and a readout layer. The reservoir is composed of interconnected non-linear neurons with fixed random weights. The readout layer consists of linear neurons with trained weights. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-the-influence-of-adding-an-rcn-based-dae-in-front-2wqx9fat.png TABLE IV THE INFLUENCE OF ADDING AN RCN-BASED DAE IN FRONT OF THE CLASSIFIER ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE RCN-BASED RECOGNIZER (AS DER%) ON THE NOISY VERSION OF THE MNIST DATASET. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-different-ways-of-combining-horizontal-h-and-vertical-3vs2m87n.png Fig. 4. Different ways of combining horizontal (H) and vertical scanning (V ) in a system: (a) supply the RCN with one row and one column of the image, (b) compute a weighted sum of the digit scores (accumulations over time) emerging from an H-RCN and a V-RCN and (c) supply the H-RCN and V-RCN outputs to another RCN and accumulate the scores of the readouts of this RCN. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-architecture-of-a-deep-rcn-based-digit-recognizer-3noijvgw.png Fig. 3. Architecture of a deep RCN-based digit recognizer leveraging bidirectional processing in each layer. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-verifying-correctness-of-wireless-sensor-network-2b0ju0csrr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-connection-topologies-g2jup0n1.png Fig. 1. Connection Topologies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-connect-and-disconnect-1hn6u47j.png Fig. 4. Connect and Disconnect https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-corrected-send-and-receive-algorithms-3ca1wlo4.png Fig. 3. Corrected Send and Receive Algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-for-sender-and-receiver-verifications-1ppfvq2q.png Table 2. Results for sender and receiver verifications https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-original-send-and-receive-algorithms-3ey9lktt.png Fig. 2. Original Send and Receive Algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-propositions-used-in-ltl-properties-1hbp9p20.png Table 1. Propositions used in LTL properties https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-for-sender-and-receiver-verifications-with-1sw59mkh.png Table 3. Results for sender and receiver verifications, with additional Connect and Disconnect processes https://scispace.com/papers/towards-wafer-scale-integration-of-high-repetition-rate-4c31zf7hsb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-illustrationn-of-the-progression-towards-3cardlqa.png FIGURE 1 Schematic illustrationn of the progression towards the integrated-absorber VECSEL. (a) Folded Cavity with high-Fsat SESAM requiring a tight focus on the absorber. (b) Folded Cavity with low-Fsat SESAM where mode sizes on gain and absorber can be equal. (c) Simple linear cavity with an integrated-absorber VECSEL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-measurement-data-of-the-21-ghz-result-with-55-mw-26tpnpbo.png FIGURE 4 Measurement data of the 21-GHz result with 55 mW average output power. Top: Autocorrelation of the pulses. The inset shows the optical spectrum. Bottom: RF spectrum on a 20 MHz span and with 300 kHz resolution bandwidth. The inset shows a wide-scan autocorrelation of the pulse train https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-measurement-data-of-the-30-ghz-result-with-25-mw-2ifk5szn.png FIGURE 5 Measurement data of the 30-GHz result with 25 mW average output power. Top: Autocorrelation of the pulses. The inset shows the optical spectrum. Bottom: RF spectrum on a 20 MHz span and with 300 kHz resolution bandwidth. The inset shows a wide-scan autocorrelation of the pulse train https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cavity-setup-used-for-the-modelocking-experiments-2iulwkte.png FIGURE 3 Cavity setup used for the modelocking experiments at 21 and 30 GHz https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-saturation-fluence-measurement-and-fitted-curves-2wxi4k6x.png FIGURE 2 Saturation fluence measurement and fitted curves for the quantum-dot SESAM used in the mode locking experiments https://scispace.com/papers/towards-very-low-power-mobile-terminals-through-optimized-tgx52i9iib 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-of-the-components-of-the-experiment-1p1348zq.png Fig. 4: Schematic of the components of the experiment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-measured-cpu-base-and-total-energy-consumption-of-the-6dce7xod.png Fig. 1: Measured CPU, base, and total energy consumption of the platform. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-definition-of-the-regions-of-interest-3np1h8t5.png Fig. 3: Definition of the regions of interest https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparing-the-energy-efficiency-of-different-object-21zjkbd9.png Fig. 6: Comparing the Energy Efficiency of different object detection algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-energy-efficiency-of-local-and-remote-computation-2v3rufti.png Fig. 2: Energy efficiency of local and remote computation. https://scispace.com/papers/toxic-and-acquired-metabolic-encephalopathies-mri-appearance-4x8xfn1okf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-25-year-old-man-with-decreased-level-of-consciousness-5ikw35ma.png Fig. 7—25-year-old man with decreased level of consciousness after suicide attempt by ingesting ethylene glycol. A–C, Axial FLAIR images show increased signal intensity in bilateral basal ganglia, thalami (A), midbrain (B), hippocampi, amygdala (B and C), and upper pons (C). D, Diffusion-weighted image shows restriction of diffusion in cortex, suggesting cytotoxic edema due to infarctions. Basal ganglia and thalami do not show any restriction of diffusion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-51-year-old-woman-who-developed-headaches-tremors-and-21btymkl.png Fig. 9—51-year-old woman who developed headaches, tremors, and visual changes 4 weeks after liver transplantation and initiation of cyclosporine therapy. A, Axial FLAIR image shows symmetric hyperintensities in subcortical white matter of posterior temporal and occipital lobes. B, Follow-up axial FLAIR image obtained after 1 week of cessation of drug shows complete resolution of abnormalities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-66-year-old-man-with-hepatic-cirrhosis-ascites-and-zqe65fjr.png Fig. 1—66-year-old man with hepatic cirrhosis, ascites, and decreased level of consciousness due to hepatic encephalopathy after acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. A and B, Axial FLAIR images show widespread cortical hyperintensity and sparing of occipital lobes and perirolandic regions. C, Diffusion-weighted image shows restricted diffusion in affected cortex. D, Short-echo MR spectroscopy (TE, 35) with voxel placed over bilateral parietooccipital cortex reveals diminished choline and elevated glutamine– glutamate peak (arrow). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-48-year-old-man-chronic-alcohol-abuser-with-decreased-392gowt0.png Fig. 3—48-year-old man, chronic alcohol abuser, with decreased level of consciousness due to osmotic demyelination from rapid correction of serum sodium. Serum sodium on admission was 110 mEq/L, which was corrected to 126 mEq/L over 12 hours. A and B, Axial T2-weighted images show hyperintensity in pons (A) and basal ganglia (B). Pontine lesion is central in location with sparing of periphery. Basal ganglia involvement suggests extrapontine myelinolysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-31-year-old-man-who-was-admitted-to-hospital-with-2zlu9wnw.png Fig. 5—31-year-old man who was admitted to hospital with acute methanol intoxication and decreased level of consciousness. A, Axial T2-weighted image shows marked hyperintensity of bilateral putamina and caudate. B, Axial gradient-echo image shows punctate area of signal loss due to susceptibility artifacts and suggests microhemorrhage. Susceptibility artifacts are present in A and B bilaterally at level of coronal and lambdoid sutures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-continued-48-year-old-man-chronic-alcohol-abuser-with-333vv2qi.png Fig. 3 (continued)—48-year-old man, chronic alcohol abuser, with decreased level of consciousness due to osmotic demyelination from rapid correction of serum sodium. Serum sodium on admission was 110 mEq/L, which was corrected to 126 mEq/L over 12 hours. C and D, Corresponding diffusion-weighted images show restricted diffusion in pons and basal ganglia. https://scispace.com/papers/toxic-and-repellent-effects-of-prunus-laurocerasus-l-267pogszgg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-repellent-effects-mean-95-ci-of-the-extracts-of-d51bxt9k.png Figure 4. The repellent effects (Mean ± 95 % CI) of the extracts of different parts of Prunus laurocerasus against Tetranychus urticae adult females at different counting times and concentrations. Different upper letters represent statistically differences between times in the same dose and different lower letters represent statistically significant differences between doses in the same time according to Tukey’s test (P<0.05) (CI: Confidence Interval). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-repellent-effects-mean-se-of-leaf-l-flower-f-2s92l5ba.png Figure 3. The repellent effects (Mean ±SE) of leaf (L), flower (F) and seed (S) extracts of Prunus laurocerasus against Tetranychus urticae adult females at 10 % concentration at different counting times (hour). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-repellent-effects-mean-95-ci-of-leaf-flower-and-1iu2jhfg.png Figure 5. The repellent effects (Mean ± 95 % CI) of leaf, flower and seed extracts of Prunus laurocerasus against Tetranychus urticae adult females. Different upper letters represent statistically differences between treatment according to Tukey’s test (P<0.05) (CI: Confidence Interval). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-contact-toxicity-of-different-concentrations-of-rddsh2f6.png Table 2. The contact toxicity of different concentrations of leaf, flower and seed extracts of Prunus laurocerasus on Tetranychus urticae adult females at different counting times https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ten-days-after-treatment-unhatched-tetranychus-3n03bgna.png Figure 7. Ten days after treatment, unhatched Tetranychus urticae eggs treated with seed extracts at 10% (A) and %5 (B) concentrations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-repellent-effects-mean-se-of-leaf-l-flower-f-2fe7u1zn.png Figure 1. The repellent effects (Mean ±SE) of leaf (L), flower (F) and seed (S) extracts of Prunus laurocerasus against Tetranychus urticae adult females at 1% concentration at different counting times (hour). https://scispace.com/papers/toxicity-of-methyl-parathion-on-growth-and-reproduction-of-49pl6gydcf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-characteristics-of-soil-used-as-test-3ld46q2t.png Table 1 Chemical characteristics of soil used as test substrate https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-total-mortality-in-l-mauritii-a-m-posthuma-b-and-a-24r8e03b.png Fig. 1 Total mortality in L. mauritii (a), M. posthuma (b) and A. parva (c) population (mean ± SEM, n = 5), after 60 days of exposure. Significant differences (ANOVA: Tukey’s t test; P \ 0.05) are indicated by different letters https://scispace.com/papers/toxicokinetics-of-ag-in-the-terrestrial-isopod-1tjtw3l4u0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-uptake-and-elimination-kinetic-parameters-for-ag-26eoa6hu.png Table 1: Uptake and elimination kinetic parameters for Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and ionic Ag in isopods (Porcellionides pruinosus) exposed to Lufa 2.2 soil at nominal concentrations of 30 and 60 mg Ag/kg. 95% confidence intervals are given in between brackets https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-uptake-and-elimination-kinetic-parameters-for-ag-2ru3n3ig.png Table 2: Uptake and elimination kinetic parameters for Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and ionic Ag (as AgNO3) in isopods (Porcellionides pruinosus) exposed to Ag-spiked alder leaves. Parameters were calculated using a one-compartment model (Equations 1 and 2). 95% confidence intervals are in brackets https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-uptake-and-elimination-kinetics-of-ag-nps-circles-and-3qdzr422.png Fig. 2 Uptake and elimination kinetics of Ag NPs (circles) and ionic Ag as AgNO3 (diamonds) in the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus exposed to Ag spiked alder leaves as food. Uptake and elimination phases lasted for 21 days each. Lines represent the modeled Ag body concentration, using model 1 (equations 1 and 2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-uptake-and-elimination-kinetics-of-ag-from-ag-nps-3qmpg44x.png Fig. 1 Uptake and elimination kinetics of Ag from Ag NPs (circles) and ionic Ag as AgNO3 (diamonds) in the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus exposed to nominal concentrations of 30 and 60 mg Ag/kg in Lufa 2.2 soil. Uptake and elimination phases lasted for 21 days each. Lines represent the modeled Ag body concentration, using model 2 (equations 1 and 3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-spearman-correlation-coefficients-r2-for-the-u1dqffbg.png Table 3: Spearman correlation coefficients (r2) for the relation between feeding parameters (consumption ratio, assimilation ratio, assimilation efficiency) and Ag body concentrations in isopods (Porcellionides pruinosus) exposed to Ag NPs and ionic Ag contaminated food. Food concentration was 534 and 834 mg Ag/kg dry food for Ag NPs and 4499 and 4717 mg Ag/kg dry food for ionic Ag. Asterisks indicate significant correlation (p<0.05) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-uxrf-maps-of-element-distributions-in-an-unstained-lr-1yx0lpzm.png Fig. 3 µXRF maps of element distributions in an unstained LR Whiteembedded thin mid-tubule section of woodlouse (Porcellionides pruinosus) hepatopancreas exposed to dietary Ag NPs. (a) Light micrograph of a transverse section. Note that the morphology of the section is unclear due to a lack of differential contrast in the unstained sections. The outlines of some of the constituent ‘S’-cells (S) and ‘B’-cells (B) surrounding the lumen (Lu) are approximately delineated with dotted lines. Sulphur (b), Copper (c), and Silver (d) µXRF maps acquired across the entire section depicted in the micrograph. Note the relatively strong co-distributed Cu, S and Ag signals in ‘S’-cells (arrow heads) but not in ‘B’-cells https://scispace.com/papers/toxoplasma-gondii-rop18-inhibits-human-glioblastoma-cell-4rn9psf1hp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effects-of-t-gondii-infection-on-atp-induced-apoptosis-2cwla49n.png Fig. 3 Effects of T. gondii infection on ATP‑induced apoptosis of human THP‑1 immune cells. THP‑1 cells were infected with the RH, ME49 or VEG strain of T. gondii and followed by ATP induction 4 or 6 h. The cells were harvested at 6 or 28 h post‑infection for apoptosis measurement by flow cytometry after annexin V‑FITC/PI staining. Representative flow cytometry data are presented in panel a and quantified in panels b1 and b2. The experiments were repeated four times. The values were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis H‑test and Bonferroni correction (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01) https://scispace.com/papers/toxoplasma-gondii-subverts-the-host-escrt-machinery-for-5dtsaz0ld5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-host-escrt-components-immunoprecipitated-with-3j1nmdkm.png Figure 5. Host ESCRT components immunoprecipitated with TgGRA14 A. Volcano plot of the host proteins immunoprecipitated with TgGRA14 under tachyzoite infection conditions showing the ESCRT-accessory proteins (orange), ESCRT-I components (blue), ESCRT-III components (green) and other non-ESCRT associated proteins (purple). Colored dots represent https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-late-domain-motifs-encoded-in-tggra14-c-terminus-3cajtzwb.png Figure 7. Late domain motifs encoded in TgGRA14 C-terminus can mediate ESCRT-dependent HIV virus-like particle release A. Schematic of the generation of mutants in the late domain motifs PTAP and YPX(n)L encoded by TgGRA14. B. Analysis of virus-like particle release by GagGRA14 and GagGRA14 mutants. Data represents the mean from ≥ 3 biological replicates. Statistical analysis was by Student’s t-test. Only statistical differences are shown. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-gra14-c-terminal-domain-facilitates-escrt-23omiodd.png Figure 2. The GRA14 C-terminal domain facilitates ESCRT-dependent release of VLPs A. Schematic of TgGRA14 topology at the PVM. The TgGRA14 C-terminus encoding the late domain motifs PTAP and YPX(n)L is exposed to the host cytosol whereas the N-terminus is exposed to the PV lumen. B. Schematic representation of the predicted recruitment of the ESCRT recruitment by TgGRA14 through the late domain motifs in comparison with their known function in HIV-1 budding. The PTAP and YPX(n)L motifs can mediate interactions with host ESCRT-I components TSG101 and the ESCRT accessory protein ALIX, respectively. C. Experimental design for the substitution of the HIV Gag p6 domain for the TgGRA14 C-terminus portion encoding late domain motifs to generate the GagGRA14. D. Analysis of VLP release by HIV-1 Gag, GagΔp6 and GagGRA14. The role for the ESCRT machinery in GagGRA14 release was assessed by disruption of the ESCRT machinery using the VPS4A dominant negative form (VPS4AEQ). Data represents the mean from ≥ 3 biological https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tggra14-is-proximal-to-gfp-tsg101-and-alix-a-3mchcs9g.png Figure 3. TgGRA14 is proximal to GFP-TSG101 and ALIX A. Recruitment of host ALIX and TSG101 with TgGRA14. GFP-TSG101 HeLa cells infected with TgGRA14-HA over expressing parasites (R:GRA14OE) were stained for the anti-ALIX and anti-HA. Representative images analyzed by structured illumination microscopy. Scale bar is 5 µm. B. Proximity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-model-of-tggra14-escrt-interactions-for-the-uptake-uuss67yf.png Figure 9. Model of TgGRA14-ESCRT interactions for the uptake of host cytosolic proteins https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-replicating-parasites-deficient-of-tggra14-do-not-4b3wpc9e.png Figure 6. Replicating parasites deficient of TgGRA14 do not internalize host cytosolic proteins as efficiently as wildtype A. Experimental design for the analysis of the internalization of host cytosolic proteins of TgGRA14deficient parasites. (1) Inducible mCherry HeLa cells were infected with parasites for 4 hours, (2) at 4 hpi, extracellular parasites were removed, and the infected monolayer was treated with LHVS for 20 h, (3) parasites were harvested at 24 hpi and analyzed by microscopy. B. Quantification of host cytosolic mCherry uptake at 24 hpi by WT or RΔgra14 type I strains treated with DMSO or LHVS for 20 h. C. Quantification of host cytosolic mCherry uptake at 24 hpi by WT or MΔgra14 type II strains treated with DMSO or LHVS for 20 h. At least 200 parasites were analyzed per blinded sample. Data represents the mean from ≥ 3 biological replicates. Statistical analysis was by Student’s t-test. Only statistical differences are shown. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tggra14-influences-recruitment-of-gfp-tsg101-to-the-203v6vy0.png Figure 4. TgGRA14 influences recruitment of GFP-TSG101 to the PV but not association of ALIX with the PV A. Representative images from three biological replicates comparing the recruitment of ALIX between WT, Δgra14 and R:GRA14OE strains. B. Representative images from three biological replicates for the GFP-TSG101 recruitment in WT, Δgra14 and R:GRA14OE strains. Images were analyzed by confocal https://scispace.com/papers/toxoplasmosis-in-three-species-of-native-and-introduced-1zxt4qrook 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-toxoplasma-gondii-and-associated-lesions-in-birds-3mwx7niq.png FIGURE 1. Toxoplasma gondii and associated lesions in birds from Hawaii. A, B, and E, hematoxylin and eosin stain; C and D, immunohistochemical stain with anti–T. gondii antibodies. (A–C) Lungs of nene goose. Note necrosis, infiltration by mononuclear cells, and individual tachyzoites (arrows) and groups of tachyzoites. Tachyzoites in B appear half the size of those in C. (D) Necrosis of myocardium of Erckel’s francolin. Numerous tachyzoites (arrows) are in the lesion. (E) Cerebrum of red-footed booby. Note perivasculitis (arrow) and 3 tissue cysts (arrowheads). https://scispace.com/papers/tpx2-dependent-spindle-positioning-dictates-division-site-37tu0y0k2y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tpx2-contributed-to-microtubule-amplification-in-2ucytcyu.png Figure 4. TPX2 contributed to microtubule amplification in early mitosis 237 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-abnormal-cell-division-site-in-the-gametophore-36cv48xa.png Figure 2. Abnormal cell division site in the gametophore initial of a TPX2 mutant 150 (A) Representative photos of gametophores after 4 weeks of culture of GH (control), TPX2 1-4Δ, and TPX2-151 5 HM lines. Bar, 2 mm. (B) Gametophore initial at the 2-cell stage stained with FM4-64 dye. Normal and 152 defective cell plate positions are indicated with cyan and red arrowheads, respectively. Bar, 10 µm (C) The 153 apical/basal cell ratio was estimated as the apical cell area (pink) divided by the basal cell area (green), 154 measured during the 2-cell stage (n = 12, 13, 19, 18, and 14 for GH, TPX2 1-4Δ, TPX2-5 HM, TPX2-4 155 repair #16, and TPX2-4 repair #19 lines, respectively, ***p = 0.0004 one-way Anova with Dunnetts 156 multiple comparison test). Error bars indicate SEM. 157 158 159 160 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tpx2-homologues-and-their-localization-in-p-patens-37xyydfl.png Figure 1. TPX2 homologues and their localization in P. patens 124 (A) Phylogeny analysis revealed two distinct groups of TPX2 proteins in P. patens: Pp TPX2-1 to -4 125 (blue), which are more similar to TPX2 genes from seed plants, and atypical TPX2-5 (magenta). Asterisks 126 mark predicted proteins, numbers show bootstrap values. Bar, 0.5 amino acid substitutions per site. Note 127 that AtTPX2L3 and AtTPX2L2 could not be added to this tree, since they lack the C-terminal region that 128 is conserved in canonical TPX2 proteins. Hs: Homo sapiens, Gg: Gallus gallus, Xl: Xenopus laevis, At: 129 Arabidopsis thaliana, Os: Oryza sativa, Pp: Physcomitrella patens, Mp: Marchantia polymorpha. (B) 130 Alignment of TPX2 proteins. Conserved residues are boxed, whereas similar amino acids are hatched. (C) 131 Localization of endogenous TPX2-1-Citrine, mNeonGreen-TPX2-4 and TPX2-5-mNeonGreen. More 132 uniform spindle localization was detected for TPX2-5. Asterisks indicate autofluorescent chloroplasts. Bar, 133 10 µm. The full version of mitotic localization data is presented in Supplemental Figure 1. 134 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spindle-position-was-actively-maintained-through-3cep73u0.png Figure 3. Spindle position was actively maintained through the interplay between microtubules and 189 F-actin 190 (A) Live-cell imaging of the first asymmetric division in the gametophore initial revealed a link between 191 the metaphase spindle and phragmoplast positioning. The positions of the nucleus and gametosome 192 (prophase MTOC appeared in the apical cytoplasm) are indicated with yellow circles and red arrowheads, 193 respectively. Cyan lines show the position and orientation of the phragmoplast. Cell borders are outlined 194 with white lines. Bar, 10 µm. (B) The frequency and type of spindle defects in gametophore initial mitosis 195 observed in GH (control), TPX2 1-4Δ, and TPX2-5 HM lines. (C) Area occupied by the metaphase spindle 196 (spindle size) in gametophore initials. (mean ± SEM; **p = 0.0029, two-tailed Student’s t-test) (D) Tracking 197 of the spindle center position from NEBD to anaphase onset. We assigned the starting position as Y = 0 198 and different X positions for each sample group. Note that after 5 µM latrunculin A treatment, spindles 199 never showed motility towards the basal end of the cell, i.e. negative Y-values. Each line represents spindle 200 movement in a single cell. More than 12 cells were observed for each sample group in three or more 201 independent experiments. 202 https://scispace.com/papers/trabecular-architecture-in-the-humeral-metaphyses-of-non-2dwuq8qixl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-means-of-raw-measurements-in-squamata-and-in-372sdxcb.png TABLE 4 Means of raw measurements in Squamata and in Testudines (standard deviation in brackets) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-means-of-raw-measurements-for-each-lifestyle-1gz5i61b.png TABLE 3 Means of raw measurements for each lifestyle https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-pagel-s-lambda-and-associated-p-values-for-each-2h9i1s33.png TABLE 5 Pagel's lambda and associated p-values for each trabecular parameter https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-allometry-in-the-proximal-humeral-metaphysis-1axopeqg.png TABLE 6 Allometry in the proximal humeral metaphysis. Trabecular parameters scaling against TV (Total volume) for all reptiles, only squamates and only turtles. The two variables were log-transformed. aiso represents the expected scaling exponent under isometry, aobs the observed scaling exponent, CI 95% represents the confidence intervals to 95% of the observed slope (aobs) and Allo, the corresponding allometry (−for negative allometry, 0 for isometry and + for positive allometry) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-list-of-different-linear-discriminant-analyses-lda-1ip55y13.png TABLE 7 List of different linear discriminant analyses (LDA). More details in the material and methods section. Percentages correspond to the correct predictions of the LDAs (i.e., number of correctly classified specimens divided by the number of specimens) https://scispace.com/papers/trace-element-heterogeneity-along-isochronous-growth-layers-1iuux9t4n4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-icp-ms-plasma-operating-conditions-and-acquisition-x8ghhv76.png Table 3: ICP-MS plasma operating conditions and acquisition parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/trace-elements-and-common-ions-in-southeastern-idaho-snow-2wjvyat6yk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mixing-zone-sampling-locations-where-emissions-from-zz4n48sm.png Figure 3. Mixing zone sampling locations (where emissions from 2 or more sources might mix) were determined using INELVIZ modeling of air masses during a 2/19/02 snowfall event. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-upwind-downwind-sampling-locations-around-major-1ucskkwj.png Figure 2. Upwind/downwind sampling locations around major source areas were determined using INELVIZ modeling of air masses during a 1/27/02 snowfall event. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-maximum-trace-element-and-ion-concentrations-in-vajj8mm8.png Figure 6. Maximum trace element and ion concentrations in snow downwind of major emission source areas in the ESRP measured in the winter of 2001-02. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pc-1-and-2-scores-for-the-2000-01-data-set-see-1s8hin45.png Figure 5. PC 1 and 2 scores for the 2000-01 data set (see Figure 1 for sample site names; G= INEEL grid sites). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-predicted-source-specific-constituent-1l4tzgbj.png Table 4. Summary of predicted source-specific constituent concentrations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-the-predicted-to-measured-18t600cv.png Table 3. Comparison of the predicted to measured concentrations for RXBM1 and IDAM1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cls-model-predictions-of-source-contributions-at-the-361bhv6y.png Table 2. CLS model predictions of source contributions at the mixing sites. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-area-showing-sampling-locations-in-the-winter-3jgmy5vd.png Figure 1. Study area showing sampling locations in the winter of 2000-01. https://scispace.com/papers/tracheal-self-expandable-metallic-stents-a-comparative-study-36at9klv5k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-scores-in-ct-and-ap-studies-30n3sf7b.png Table 1. Scores in CT and AP Studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-stenosis-assessment-in-the-ct-study-33msxxnf.png Table 2: Stenosis Assessment in the CT Study https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-tracheal-lumen-stenosis-scores-maximum-25-f521yr2r.png Table 3. Tracheal Lumen Stenosis (Scores, maximum = 25) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-assessment-of-histological-parameters-scores-2769kz7x.png Table 4. Assessment of Histological Parameters (Scores) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-images-of-a-suspected-granuloma-a-ct-image-sagittal-1wpkiz9l.png Figure 3: Images of a suspected granuloma. (A) CT image,sagittal view with the appearance of granuloma. (B) Macroscopic view of granuloma. (C) Microscopic view (10X) of granuloma around the struts of the stent. (D) Microscopic view (60X) of a giant cell. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-anatomopathological-images-of-the-tracheal-qc4giens.png Figure 4: Anatomopathological images of the tracheal responses to the assessed stents. First row, gross anatomy; second row, epithelium thickness; third row, epithelium alterations. Haematoxyline-eosin, 60x. https://scispace.com/papers/trace-time-reservation-using-adaptive-control-for-energy-2i5a5yw83e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-network-energy-dissipation-per-frame-versus-2nwuk5oq.png Fig. 4. Average network energy dissipation per frame versus number of nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-upper-panel-displays-the-average-number-of-dropped-3lmc7ikb.png Fig. 3. Upper panel displays the average number of dropped packets per frame as a function ofN and the lower panel displays the average value of packet drop ratioR as a function ofN . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-transmit-energy-dissipation-per-node-per-frame-for-yepu4tsw.png Fig. 5. (a) Transmit energy dissipation per node per frame for TRACE and 802.11. (b) Receive energy dissipation per node per frame for TRACE and 802.11. (c) Idle energy dissipation per node per frame for TRACE and 802.11. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-packet-delay-calculations-the-top-row-displays-the-rjotlwyb.png Fig. 6. Packet delay calculations. The top row displays the frame structure used for packet delay analysis. The pdf’s ofx, y, andz are plotted in middle and bottom rows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-network-failure-time-versus-number-of-nodes-17spwgmk.png Fig. 8. Network failure time versus number of nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-packet-delay-versus-number-of-nodes-370ctm7k.png Fig. 7. Packet delay versus number of nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-used-in-the-simulations-3j1l35bd.png TABLE I PARAMETERS USED IN THE SIMULATIONS https://scispace.com/papers/tracing-an-optical-buffer-s-performance-an-effective-v0zw4iy6ly 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-loss-ratio-as-function-of-the-fdl-granularity-slots-4knb3qh4.png Fig. 2. Loss ratio as function of the FDL granularity (slots), for E[B] = 50 slots, with (a) uniform burst size distributions (various radiiQ) and (b) different burst size distributions for an equidistant and non-equidistant setting, loadρ = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-loss-ratio-as-function-of-the-fdl-granularity-slots-pbz8qtsf.png Fig. 1. Loss ratio as function of the FDL granularity (slots), for vaious buffer sizesN , burst size distributions (a) and (b), both with E[B] = 50 slots, for a loadρ = 0.2. https://scispace.com/papers/tracing-current-explanations-in-memory-a-process-analysis-19q62g2p64 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-example-of-the-trial-of-the-bbx-in-which-the-2w8nrrn7.png Figure 2. (A) Example of the trial of the BBX in which the third observation is https://scispace.com/papers/tracing-circumnuclear-dense-gas-in-h2o-maser-galaxies-4p66wtz50t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relation-between-maser-emission-and-the-dense-gas-37uitfpq.png Figure 4. Relation between maser emission and the dense gas fraction as extracted from HCO+ for normal IR radiation galaxies. The blue line is the Kendall−Theil regression line of the relation. (See Table 2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-box-and-whisker-plot-of-maser-types-versus-the-3a8c6v3g.png Figure 5. The box and whisker plot of maser types versus the HCN dense gas fraction in both type of megamaser galaxies: kilomasers (KM) and megamasers (MM). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relation-between-maser-emission-and-the-dense-gas-15hm4q4b.png Figure 3. Relation between maser emission and the dense gas fraction as extracted from HCN for normal IR radiation galaxies. The blue line is the Kendall−Theil regression line of the relation. (See Table 2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relation-between-lh2o-lco-and-lhco-lco-in-logarithm-1fdlo5xq.png Figure 2. Relation between LH2O/LCO and LHCO+/LCO in logarithm scale. The blue line is the Kendall-Theil regression line of the relation. A comparison with Fig.1 clearly shows how HCO+ interrelates with maser emission stronger than HCN (see eq.(4)). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-30-h2omm-data-sample-uv47atqq.png Table 1. The 30 H2OMM data sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-box-and-whisker-plot-of-maser-types-versus-the-2wy9egs3.png Figure 6. The box and whisker plot of maser types versus the HCO+ dense gas fraction in both type of megamaser galaxies: kilomasers (KM) and megamasers (MM). When compared with Fig. 5, the tow types of maser are more distinguished here. https://scispace.com/papers/tracing-distributed-component-based-systems-a-brief-overview-27ycerzkxy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-the-computation-lattice-construction-2rkkcoo6.png Fig. 1: Overview of the computation lattice construction https://scispace.com/papers/tracing-historical-changes-degradation-and-original-sources-3fbfi7t7u2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-normalized-pah-content-intervals-in-needles-through-52ooswqi.png Fig. 2 Normalized PAH content intervals in needles through the years. Lower and upper limits have 251 been obtained considering the minimum value listed in Tab.1 and the maximum PAH 252 degradation rates (i.e., e-t ≃ 0), respectively. 253 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-photographs-that-show-the-branch-information-of-a-3pf0fu7o.png Fig. 1 Photographs that show the branch information of A) Abies holophylla, and the growth ring 107 patterns of B) Abies holophylla and C) Pinus tabuliformis. 108 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pahs-in-abies-holophylla-and-pinus-tabuliformis-as-a-3m9tm7ji.png Table 1 PAHs in Abies holophylla and Pinus tabuliformis as a function of needle age. 186 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-minimum-percentage-of-pah-degradation-year-1-and-2hr6gxfj.png Table 2 Minimum percentage of PAH degradation year-1 and minimum values of the degradation 236 constant. 237 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-correlation-between-coal-consumption-per-year-and-3q48196m.png Fig. 3 Correlation between coal consumption per year and anthracene content in Abies holophylla 287 leaves. The solid line and dotted line curves represent confidence limits for the prediction and 288 confidence limits for the regression line at 95% confidence level, respectively. 289 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-coefficients-r-between-air-pollution-1c8a0x11.png Table 3 Correlation coefficients (R) between air pollution parameters and the average values of 271 adsorbed PAHs obtained from Abies holophylla. Only R > 0.8 values are displayed. All these 272 parameters are statistically significant (=0,01, n = 18). 273 https://scispace.com/papers/tracing-low-temperature-fluid-flow-on-ridge-flanks-with-isepr0kgpz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-core-locations-basement-u-content-and-estimated-2255ovj8.png Table 1: Core locations, basement U content and estimated upwelling velocity https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sequential-leach-analysis-of-core-12-2x5k3g12.png Table 2: Sequential leach analysis of core 12 https://scispace.com/papers/tracing-the-indexicalization-of-the-notion-helsinki-s-41s4zjt84p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-development-path-of-the-ideological-r8hr1enr.png Figure 1: The development path of the ideological construction of “Helsinki s”. https://scispace.com/papers/tracing-the-in-vivo-fate-of-nanoparticles-with-a-non-self-13zvwti5ao 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematic-illustrating-four-elements-directing-the-35x5mdky.png Figure 6. Schematic illustrating four elements directing the biological fate of nanoparticles with a non-self biological identity. (1) SiO2 nanoparticles may retain the pre-formed FBS PC as a non-self biological identity even after exposure to zebrafish blood plasma, however, with additional proteins that have a high affinity for the nanoparticles. (2) Within 30 min following IV injections, FBS-PC nanoparticles are rapidly sequestered by scavenger ECs and acidified in the endolysosomal compartments. (3) In a longer time-frame, degradation of the FBS PC occurs around 4-6 hpi in both scavenger ECs and macrophages while the former loses its integrity. (4) Concurrently, macrophages are activated to an inflammatory phenotype (M1-like polarization) that secretes the cytokine Tnfa coordinating the onset of inflammation. https://scispace.com/papers/tracing-the-sources-and-cycling-of-phosphorus-in-river-4mfhpuq2m1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-redon-river-catchment-and-sampling-sites-capital-3nx7o7ql.png Figure 1. Redon River catchment and sampling sites, capital letters refer to sampling locations, numbers to sample code https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-sediment-sampling-sites-4bwru2xt.png Table 1 Characteristics of sediment sampling sites https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-soil-sampling-sites-1og9zu5u.png Table 2 Characteristics of soil sampling sites https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-p-speciation-and-oxygen-isotopes-composition-2888r02p.png Table 3. P speciation and oxygen isotopes composition https://scispace.com/papers/track-assignment-considering-crosstalk-induced-performance-3le8m1pmqn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-number-of-violated-wires-in-test-case-superblue1-1r8k2v2o.png Fig. 19. Number of violated wires in test case Superblue1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-conflict-graph-for-9-wires-2trj99w8.png Fig. 8. Conflict graph for 9 wires. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-function-curve-of-dij-feasible-domain-is-0-lo-li-3cnodvpx.png Fig. 16. Function curve of dij. Feasible domain is 0 ≤ lo ≤ li, where dij is monotonically increasing. Maximum value is reached when lo = li. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-routing-region-divided-into-4x4-grids-each-grid-has-23vu22j7.png Fig. 1. A routing region divided into 4x4 grids. Each grid has a capacity of 4 horizontal tracks and 4 vertical tracks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-maximum-clique-inside-the-conflict-graph-in-fig-8-3eee0ryo.png Fig. 9. A maximum clique inside the conflict graph in Fig. 8. Wire a, b, c, d and e have overlap in span with each other, so they cannot be assigned to a same track. To assign the 9 wires without wire conflict, a minimum number of 5 tracks are needed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-p-model-for-delay-increment-induced-by-coupling-2b8pfva9.png Fig. 5. π-model for delay increment induced by coupling capacitance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-three-approaches-36n9nmgz.png TABLE II COMPARISON OF THREE APPROACHES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-explore-the-structure-of-the-decision-variable-matrix-3qpq5yex.png Fig. 7. Explore the structure of the decision variable matrix T. The sum of any three numbers connected by a blue dashed line is no more than two. https://scispace.com/papers/tracking-and-sensor-coverage-of-spatio-temporal-quantities-ab5mrsfkud 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spatial-coverage-of-the-simulated-pollutant-by-the-3l379fti.png Fig. 3. Spatial coverage of the simulated pollutant by the robotic agent using τo parameter value of 2,α = 1000 and kd = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lego-mindstorm-platform-in-the-arena-with-little-34h2a155.png Fig. 2. Lego mindstorm platform in the arena with little background light. The paper in the arena is the simulated pollutant obtained by printing a gradient of black ink on paper. We use the black ink’s gradient to simulate a pollutant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spatial-coverage-of-the-simulated-pollutant-by-the-3edig2fk.png Fig. 4. Spatial coverage of the simulated pollutant by the robotic agent using τo parameter value of 20,α = 1000 and kd = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spatial-coverage-of-the-simulated-pollutant-by-the-3qfi5doa.png Fig. 5. Spatial coverage of the simulated pollutant by the robotic agent using kd parameter value of 10, α = 1000 and ,τo = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-spatial-coverage-of-the-simulated-pollutant-by-the-a5q8x2jd.png Fig. 6. Spatial coverage of the simulated pollutant by the robotic agent using kd parameter value of 30,α = 1000 and ,τo = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-frames-of-a-video-showing-a-plume-of-black-ink-11bnr2ao.png Fig. 7. Frames of a video showing a plume of black ink released into water. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-various-stages-in-the-coverage-of-a-simulated-spatio-28jrit8o.png Fig. 8. Various stages in the coverage of a simulated spatio-temporal function C(X, t) with velocity of agents = 10 pixels per iteration. In the left pane, red agents show the polluted areas and blue agents the safe areas. The central pane shows the simulated pollutant while the right pane shows a simulated electronic map at a base station made by using a Gaussian function to randomly distribute particles around each agent’s position. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-architecture-of-our-bacterium-inspired-coverage-ygpy1e2m.png Fig. 1. Architecture of our bacterium inspired coverage controller. https://scispace.com/papers/tracking-changes-in-behavioural-dynamics-using-prediction-306xe9zysm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-prediction-error-reveals-anomalous-dynamics-in-worm-f1hf4t75.png Figure 3. Prediction error reveals anomalous dynamics in worm pose time series. A) Original time series of eigenworm coefficients indicating the split into reference library and prediction set. Error peaks in (B) indicated by arrows do not correspond to obvious features in the time series. B) Prediction error corresponding to prediction set in (A). Turns (red dots), characterised here by third eigenworm coefficient |a3| > 15, are book-ended by periods of anomalous dynamics. The mean error for a constant predictor (i.e. the prediction that the worm pose is the same as the previous time step) is higher than the vertical axis range. C) A closer look at the worm pose time series (black) and predictions (orange) reveals that the anomalous dynamics correspond to delta turn initiation and completion, when the worm head and tail respectively transition between self-intersection and no self-intersection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-systematic-localisation-of-prediction-error-along-2j0miua4.png Figure 4. Systematic localisation of prediction error along the worm body is consistent with delta turn self-interference. The four major delta turns around 2, 20, 30 and 50 seconds all show the same characteristic pattern of head-localised error at turn initiation (angles 1–20), and tail-localised error at turn completion (angles 81–100). During the middle portion of the turn, the dynamics are more predictable. Dashed horizontal line indicates the mean whole-worm error for the constant predictor (i.e. predict that the worm pose is the same as the previous time step). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-embedding-and-predicting-worm-pose-time-series-to-1x6fzz0w.png Figure 1. Embedding and predicting worm pose time series to quantify dynamic similarity (schematic). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-prediction-error-black-lines-can-successfully-4rlcwems.png Figure 5. Prediction error (black lines) can successfully identify the departure from and return to baseline behaviour following an aversive stimulus at 10s, despite a very small library size (first 8 seconds, grey). Different rows correspond to different worms (see Materials and Methods). Background colours indicate approximate behavioural classification into tight turns (red, |a3| > 10), forward and backward motion (blue and yellow, positive and negative phase velocity in the a1, a2 plane, respectively), and unclassified (white, when amplitude in the a1, a2 plane or the estimated phase velocity are too small), intended as an approximate guide only (see Appendix 1). Grey lines indicate the apparent relative phase velocity in the a1, a2 plane used in the classification scheme (see Appendix 1). The dashed horizontal lines indicate the mean error for the constant predictor (i.e. predict that the worm pose is the same as at the previous time step) provided that error lies within the vertical axis range. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-prediction-error-is-robust-to-parameter-variation-1e14qfl4.png Figure 2. Prediction error is robust to parameter variation. Top row: robustness to E (at = 2) for data from a wild type and three mutants (headings; see text). Bottom row: robustness to (at E = 5) for the same four worm types as top row. Thin lines are individual worms, thick lines are means. Note that there is a coordinate system variation between the wildtype and mutant worm data, which hinders direct comparison of error magnitudes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-predicting-from-one-escaping-worm-to-another-1kl8lh4p.png Figure 6. Predicting from one escaping worm to another reveals differences in escape response. Using the escaping worm in Fig. 5A as the reference library for the escaping worm in Fig. 5B shows that behavioural dynamics exhibited by the predicted worm are broadly similar to examples from the reference worm (A). Predicting the other way, however (B), reveals that the worm in Fig. 5A displays a behaviour around 15 seconds that is inconsistent with the reference library from the worm in Fig. 5B. This is further confirmed by a change phase velocity sign (apparent ‘forward motion’). Other parts of the escape response, as well as the forward motion before and afterward are similar. Dashed horizontal line indicates the mean error for constant the predictor (i.e. predict that the worm pose is the same as at the previous time step). https://scispace.com/papers/tracking-distributed-aggregates-over-time-based-sliding-3hqz6acy79 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-distribute-streaming-model-8xnafzef.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the distribute streaming model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-item-arrivals-within-fixed-windows-2354xtfk.png Fig. 3. Item arrivals within fixed windows https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-summary-of-results-all-bounds-are-in-terms-of-words-v7yw4c9w.png Fig. 2. Summary of Results. All bounds are in terms of words unless specified otherwise. https://scispace.com/papers/tracking-down-the-source-population-responsible-for-the-1h2t3tar16 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-same-as-figure-2-but-derived-with-the-utilization-2615tj0p.png Figure 3. Same as Figure 2, but derived with the utilization of faked photometry (corresponding to case iv; see Section 2.1). (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-zphot-blind-test-results-with-the-utilization-of-1g8sos6b.png Table 3 zphot Blind-Test Results with the Utilization of Faked Photometry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-resolved-6-8-kev-xrb-fractions-for-sample-d-2fiin8gv.png Figure 8. (a) Resolved 6–8 keV XRB fractions for Sample D sources in various redshift bins (cf. Figure 6). (b) Same as panel (a), but for z-band magnitude bins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-resolved-6-8-kev-xrb-fractions-for-sample-a-199oadfn.png Figure 6. (a) Resolved 6–8 keV XRB fractions for Sample A sources in various stellar-mass bins. The number of sources (N) and the significance (in terms of σ ) of the stacked signal in each stellar-mass bin are annotated accordingly. The horizontal dotted line indicates zero resolved 6–8 keV XRB fraction. (b) Same as panel (a), but for effective-color bins. Here the quoted significances are in general low due to the dilution of signal caused by sample splitting into many stacking bins (this also applies to Figure 8). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-stacked-x-ray-spectrum-open-circles-for-the-6845-3l6dmxyw.png Figure 7. Stacked X-ray spectrum (open circles) for the 6845 sources in Sample D (the top x-axis shows the rest-frame photon energy at z = 1.6, which is the median redshift of the Sample D sources; see Table 1). The downward arrow in the 4–6 keV band indicates a 3σ upper limit. The solid curve is a schematic fit to the stacked X-ray spectrum, which is the sum of three components (each evaluated at z = 1.6): an unabsorbed power-law component accounting for star formation (dotted line; Γ = 2.0), a pure reflection component from the AGN (dashed curve), and a pure transmission component from the AGN (dasheddot curve). Inset: stacked, adaptively smoothed, 6–8 keV image, with the 3′′ diameter photometric aperture, the significance of the stacked signal, and the total stacked exposure shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stacked-6-8-kev-properties-3f92l2vv.png Table 1 Stacked 6–8 keV Properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-same-as-figure-5-a-but-including-the-unobscured-i-e-1v8zl551.png Figure 9. Same as Figure 5(a), but including the unobscured (i.e., having Γeff > 1) and obscured (i.e., having Γeff < 1) AGNs in the central 6′ area of the 4 Ms CDF-S. A small fraction of the AGNs are luminous (i.e., L0.5–8 keV > 1043.7 erg s−1), so the color and stellar-mass estimates of their hosts are subject to AGN contamination; however, this does not affect our discussion here (see the text). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-derived-properties-for-the-sources-in-sample-a-2xr2nbu9.png Table 4 Derived Properties for the Sources in Sample A https://scispace.com/papers/tracking-human-centric-controlled-experiments-with-biscuit-3986avxcqe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-biscuit-output-1hhfya45.png Figure 2. Biscuit output: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-biscuit-task-list-and-a-running-task-example-2fprrou8.png Figure 1. A Biscuit task list and a running task example, overlaid on top of the Gaucho IDE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-biscuit-output-reliable-and-precise-data-3791v17h.png Figure 3. Biscuit output: reliable and precise data https://scispace.com/papers/tracking-emission-rate-dynamics-of-nv-centers-in-57wi1cgxca 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-blinking-behavior-of-center-1-a-photon-counts-as-a-3eo77n9c.png FIG. 4. Blinking behavior of center 1. (a) Photon counts as a function of laser excitation power for the oxidation step when blinking was excited. (Inset) Photon saturation curve of the same center in the previous oxidation step (the red curve is a fit to the saturation model, C ¼ CsatP=ðP þ PsatÞ, where P is the excitation power). Fluorescence time-trace for two different excitation powers (b) and (c) with the corresponding count-rate histograms. (d) Second order autocorrelation curves and (e) associated emission lifetimes corresponding to I (red) the low count state and II (blue), the predominantly high count blinking state. (f) Fluorescence spectrum of the center in the I (red) low-count state before the excitation of blinking, and the II state (blue) after the advent of blinking in a predominantly high count state at a low excitation power. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-second-order-auto-correlation-b-time-resolved-2mvslexd.png FIG. 2. (a) Second order auto-correlation, (b) time-resolved fluorescence decay, and (c) fluorescence spectrum curves for the two single NV centers (1 and 2) corresponding to the initial (blue) and final (red) oxidation steps of the host crystal. For fluorescence decay, an intermediate (grey) oxidation step curve is also shown. The gð2Þ curves are fitted to the 3-level model,24 and the fluorescence lifetime curves are fitted to a single exponential decay.25 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-confocal-and-b-afm-images-of-the-sample-area-150ybvba.png FIG. 1. (a) Confocal and (b) AFM images of the sample area corresponding to the two single NV centers for two oxidation steps (9 and 17). The 3D AFM images represent the height of the two nanodiamond hosts. https://scispace.com/papers/tracking-improvement-based-on-the-proxy-control-scheme-for-14o3gdh5wa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-force-response-in-wall-contact-motion-30jws8na.png Figure 5. Force response in wall contact motion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proxy-of-master-9hb8mmnf.png Figure 2. Proxy of master. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-position-response-in-wall-contact-motion-upper-from-27tmydu8.png Figure 4. Position response in wall contact motion (upper: from [21]; lower: this paper) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-position-response-in-abrupt-changing-motion-2h1fe0xq.png Figure 3. Position response in abrupt changing motion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-novel-proxy-control-scheme-16vffqcy.png Figure 1. Novel proxy control scheme. https://scispace.com/papers/tracking-object-poses-in-the-context-of-robust-body-pose-3rzz1sbcib 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-global-workflow-for-the-proposed-system-key-steps-21squgnh.png Figure 2: Global workflow for the proposed system: key steps are colour coded to highlight repetition. More detail on each training and testing process is given in section 3, and also shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-object-rotation-average-object-rotation-changes-2zqbyv59.png Figure 5: Object-rotation: Average object-rotation changes across all nearest body-pose neighbours for all part predictors. Plots are from representative participants performing three different human-object interactions: recordVideo (a), putOnGlasses (b) and paintWall (c). As visualising all 19 part predictors at once is difficult we have grouped them across limbs (torso+head, left arm, right arm, left leg, right leg) and plotted the stablest predictor (lowest delta score) from each limb at every instant. The effect is to highlight the stablest part predictor per limb over time. Notice that hands are not always the best (or only good) part predictors: once the camera is held steady (frame 100, a) part predictors right across the body stabilise; once the glasses are placed on the face (frame 105, b) the head becomes more stable than the arms during subsequent movement; while painting a wall (c) the arm that “moves with” the object is actually the least stable predictor. See text for more details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-effect-of-localised-body-pose-estimation-errors-1v3pwplh.png Figure 8: The effect of localised body-pose estimation errors on object-pose tracking for G + D (stable-proximate). Each image pair shows all particle hypotheses in yellow (left) and the expected object-pose in cyan (right): The top row (a) shows three instants from a drinkFromMug sequence where the dominant hand has been incorrectly estimated in the middle image pair. Object-pose estimates are good just before and after the hand-pose estimation error, but because the hand is always proximal in the training data the hand-pose estimation error causes a large objecttranslation error. In the majority of cases, localised body-pose estimation errors affect part predictors that play a much less important role in object-pose prediction. For example (b), (c) and (d) all show localised errors in the non-dominant arm that have no impact on object-pose tracking. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-representative-images-from-each-interaction-ysoz25ej.png Figure 13: Representative images from each interaction, alternating through the six participants (best viewed electronically). Each image has been paired with a view of the resulting 3D body- and object-poses, rotated to give an informative view of the interaction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-human-object-interactions-with-body-poses-and-3eue14lh.png Figure 1: Human-object interactions with body-poses and object-poses superimposed: (a) talking on a mobile phone; (b) lifting weights; and (c) putting on glasses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-effect-of-global-body-pose-estimation-errors-23t9mh3p.png Figure 10: The effect of global body-pose estimation errors on object-pose tracking for G +D (stable-proximate): (a) Kinect is unable to cope with the crouched and rotated body-pose in frame 1 of liftWeights. The resulting estimate’s nearest neighbour in the training set is another incorrect body-pose which is not truly similar and itself has no nearest neighbours, the resulting particle set is therefore sparse, diverse and very inaccurate; (b) By frame 68 body-pose estimation has recovered and the participant has entered a pose that allows object-pose tracking to re-initialise with discriminative particles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-effect-of-localised-body-pose-estimation-errors-9z85g9q7.png Figure 9: The effect of localised body-pose estimation errors on object-pose tracking for G + D (random). The figure shows three instants from a drinkFromMug sequence (same instants as Fig. 8a) where the dominant hand has been incorrectly estimated in the middle image pair. Object-pose estimates are not quite as accurate just before and after the hand estimation error, but the effect of the hand-pose estimation error is minimal because all 19 part predictors are constantly being used to make object-translation estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-variation-of-object-pose-across-nearest-body-pose-s3r1xoi7.png Figure 4: Variation of object-pose across nearest body-pose neighbours (best viewed in colour): (a) Median part predictor variation in objectrotation (magenta solid line) and object-translation (cyan solid line) for paintWall. The interaction is periodic with the participant repeatedly stroking a paintbrush up and then down a wall. Three body-poses have been highlighted by circular markers at n = 157 (blue, ), n = 178 (green, ) and n = 198 (red, ). The nearest neighbours for each of the three body-poses are shown with crosses of the same colour. (b-d) Ten random samples from each cluster are show with their associated object-poses. Notice that the blue and green clusters feature high variation in object-rotation compared to the red cluster. The blue cluster (b, ) features the turn of the brush at the top of the participant’s reach, ready to bring the opposite side in contact with the wall. The green cluster (c, ) captures the brush moving both up and down the wall with the tip facing approximately 45◦ down and then 45◦ up, respectively. In contrast, the red cluster (d, ) maps to a much tighter distribution of object-poses, with the brush held approximately level at the bottom of the stroke. At test time, body-poses that fall close to the red cluster offer a good opportunity to re-initialise the object-pose. https://scispace.com/papers/tracking-lexical-consolidation-with-erps-lexical-and-smbzhanc8a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-semantic-priming-effects-a-time-course-of-evoked-15zxkicv.png Fig. 4. Semantic priming effects. (A) Time-course of evoked responses to target words preceded by either a semantically related or unrelated existing prime, for novel words (left) and existing words (right). Responses are averaged across the frontal ROI (first row), central ROI (second row), and posterior ROI (third row). Negative is plotted down. (B) Topography of the priming effect (unrelated–related) in the LPC window. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-lexicality-effects-a-time-course-of-evoked-responses-3py5151k.png Fig. 3. Lexicality effects. (A) Time-course of evoked responses to novel and existing targe black dots in panel B). Negative is plotted down. (B) Topography of the lexicality effect in remote–existing remote), averaged across each time window. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-behavioural-results-in-the-priming-task-dark-bars-2t9xuvg8.png Fig. 2. Behavioural results in the priming task. Dark bars indicate related pairs, light bars indicate unrelated pairs. (A) Percentage correct prime–target relatedness judgements. (B) Reaction time (measured from target offset) to prime–target pairs of which the target was either a novel or existing word, learned in either the first (remote) or second (recent) session. https://scispace.com/papers/tracking-nanoelectrochemistry-using-individual-plasmonic-4w7sq625it 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-opto-electrochemistry-and-sers-detection-a-1bqe6aeh.png Figure 1 | Opto-electrochemistry and SERS detection. a, Optically transparent thin (sub-mm) electrochemical cell for spectroscopy of single 80 nm Au NPs on molecular layer on Au. Potential 𝑉𝑠 applied between ITO counter electrode and Au working electrode, with Pt wire pseudo-reference electrode 𝑉𝑚. b, Typical cyclic voltammogram for biphenyl-4-thiol (BPT) on Au electrode in NaNO3 and Na2SO4 electrolytes, starting from 0V as shown (●). c,d, Typical scattering spectrum (c) and surface-enhanced Raman spectrum (d) of single 80 nm Au NPoM with BPT monolayer spacer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sers-evolution-with-applied-potential-a-sers-1t7gdowp.png Figure 3 | SERS evolution with applied potential. a, SERS spectra of BPT in 0.1M Na2SO4 for negative (blue), positive (red), and no voltage (black). b, SERS enhancement for BPT layer given by ratio 𝐼𝑉/𝐼0 between SERS intensity with voltage (𝐼𝑉) to SERS intensity when no voltage (𝐼0) is applied, for each vibrational line (1570 cm-1 in black, 1259 cm-1 in green, 1061 cm-1 in orange), and the associated cyclic voltammogram (inset). Dotted lines are fits, error bars are from standard deviation over 3 measurements on the same NP. c, SERS enhancement for conductive BPDT (purple) and insulating BMMBP (green) layers. Solid lines are fits. d, Current density (black) and corresponding SERS intensity (blue) over ten 0V ↔ -1.2V cycles, showing the reversibility of the enhancement process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spectral-dynamics-under-applied-potential-a-c-18c4r96g.png Figure 2 | Spectral dynamics under applied potential. a-c, Dynamics of dark-field scattering for NPoM with BPDT spacer in 0.1 M MgSO4, revealing changes (shaded when voltage on) in (a) peak intensity, (b) resonance full width at half maximum (FWHM), and (c) spectral position of the coupled plasmon mode for negative (blue) or positive (red) voltages. d, Current density corresponding to optical spectra in (a-c). Square wave voltages are -1.2V ↔ 0V (blue) and +0.3V ↔ 0V (red), measured vs Pt pseudo-reference electrode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dft-simulations-a-individual-spacer-molecule-bpt-in-oadb11rh.png Figure 4 | DFT simulations. a, Individual spacer molecule (BPT) in SAM between Au atomic layers, field applied along 𝑧. b-d, Numerical simulation of SERS enhancement vs different applied voltages for (b) 1617 cm-1, 1322 cm-1 and 1084 cm-1 Raman peaks in BPT, and (c) 1619 cm-1 (●) and 1088 cm-1 (◌) in conductive BPDT (purple) and 1646 cm-1 (▪) and 1092 cm-1 (□) in insulating BMMBP (green). d, Polarizability element relative to 𝛼zz, 0V in the direction of applied field 𝑧, for BPT, BPDT and BMMBP. e, Increasing (red) and decreasing (blue) electrostatic potential upon applied voltage. f, Charge changes on the sulphur atom proximal to the mirror for BPT, BPDT and BMMBP with applied voltage. https://scispace.com/papers/tracking-the-density-evolution-in-counter-propagating-shock-7w3wj4tp5o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-hydrodynamics-simulations-of-the-mass-density-34ru6u1g.png FIG. 2. Left: Hydrodynamics simulations of the mass density evolution along x-ray beam. Right: Measured scattering Zprofiles of pyrolytic graphite (gray lines), fitted (black lines) by a convolution of the red instrument function (PSF) with rectangular profiles of according widths (colors). All curves are normalized to the initial density ρ0 and offset by time delay for presentation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-for-counter-propagating-shocks-two-3ontb1wv.png FIG. 1. Experimental setup for counter-propagating shocks. Two laser beams impinge simultaneously onto opposing sides of a graphite foil with angles of 20◦ with respect to the target normal. Along the surface normal, and centered to the drive laser foci, an x-ray free-electron laser pulse at 5070 eV photon energy with a diameter of 20µm probes the sample. Two bent crystal spectrometers at scattering angles of Θeff = 29 ◦ and 90◦ diagnose the shocked target. https://scispace.com/papers/tracking-the-performance-energetics-and-biomechanics-of-3m9v8afko2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-variation-of-biomechanical-parameters-across-the-1nc1aznh.png Fig. 3 Variation of biomechanical parameters across the season https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-variation-of-energetic-variables-during-the-three-time-134brndy.png Fig. 2 Variation of energetic variables during the three time periods. *Significant difference from international and national level swimmers V4 (TP2 P = 0.05). #Significant differences in Nationals SI@V4 between TP2 and TP3 (P = 0.05) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-variation-of-the-200-m-freestyle-performance-during-290ynm80.png Fig. 1 Variation of the 200-m freestyle performance during the competitive season. *Significant difference between Int and Nat swimmers performances (TP1 P = 0.03; TP2 P = 0.03; TP3 = 0.02) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-interperiod-spearman-correlation-coefficients-of-2duq2uwz.png Table 2 Interperiod Spearman correlation coefficients of performance, energetic and biomechanical variables measured in elite swimmers (n = 10) at the time periods of training https://scispace.com/papers/tracking-the-impact-of-media-on-voter-choice-in-real-time-a-3pgd7hyrpd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-decision-to-vote-final-vote-model-2hhndwpb.png Table 6: Decision to Vote: Final Vote Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-1-38jio6fq.png Table 1: Summary Statistics 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameter-estimates-dynamic-coefficients-intention-14qvvlhz.png Table 2: Parameter Estimates-Dynamic Coefficients (Intention to Vote Model). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-sensitivity-analysis-for-average-level-of-encounters-1lsukgnl.png Table 5: Sensitivity Analysis for Average Level of Encounters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ret-data-collection-i4fqjler.png Figure 1: RET Data collection. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-frequency-and-average-valence-of-encounters-2s327r4j.png Table 4: Average Frequency and Average Valence of Encounters https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-average-valence-model-demographics-3prtlcjq.png Table 10: Average Valence Model : Demographics https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-model-exposure-frequency-demographics-53px1z7k.png Table 9: Model Exposure Frequency : Demographics https://scispace.com/papers/tracking-the-preferences-of-users-using-weak-estimators-1c5iqd1iud 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-effects-of-varying-the-window-size-and-the-sev3n6e3.png Table 1. The effects of varying the window size and the updating parameter on the error rates for the various schemes investigated for disjunctive data items https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-plot-of-the-euclidean-norm-p-s-the-euclidean-distance-3lfujfhc.png Fig. 1. Plot of the Euclidean norm ||P − S|| (the Euclidean distance between P and S) for disjunctive data items, for the SLWE, the GF and the SU, where (a) λ = 0.908 and w = 35, (b) λ = 0.903 and w = 44, (c) λ = 0.952 and w = 63 and (d) λ = 0.948 and w = 76 https://scispace.com/papers/tracking-uncertainty-in-a-spatially-explicit-susceptible-2e5nlm6g6y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-an-exemplary-fuzzy-interval-in-which-every-quantity-in-1db2nakm.png Fig. 4. An exemplary fuzzy interval in which every quantity in [0, 1] is assigned a grade of membership to the set of infected individuals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-length-of-the-interval-u-cj-t-two-a-five-b-and-ten-c-4nddghiv.png Fig. 3. Length of the interval U(cj , t) two (a), five (b) and ten (c) time steps after an epidemic broke out in the center polygon cm of a square tessellation with an initial magnitude given by Eq. (8), and ν0 = [0.2, 0.5]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-non-interactive-a-and-interactive-b-intervals-3h7o30on.png Fig. 1. Non-interactive (a) and interactive (b) intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proportion-of-infected-individuals-more-precisely-the-1kzqja4r.png Fig. 2. Proportion of infected individuals, more precisely, the center of U(cj , t) (a,c,e), and the length of the interval U(cj , t), denoted |U(cj , t)| (b,d,f), two (a-b), five (c-d) and ten (e-f) time steps after an epidemic broke out in the center polygon cm of a square tessellation with an initial magnitude given by Eq. (8). https://scispace.com/papers/tracking-with-the-kinematics-of-extremal-contours-47vrpbeqdf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-set-of-six-calibrated-cameras-provides-six-image-hhvyhlzi.png Fig. 5. A set of six calibrated cameras provides six image sequences whose frames are synchronized https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-tracking-a-taekwondo-sequence-from-top-to-bottom-2y5z4scc.png Fig. 6. Tracking a ”taekwondo” sequence. From top to bottom: Extremal contours predicted from the previously estimated pose; Silhouettes extracted with a background subtraction algorithm; Edges inside the silhouettes, and the estimated pose of the articulated model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-from-left-to-right-the-current-model-is-matched-1fhriims.png Fig. 1. From left to right : The current model is matched against a new image. The contours extracted from this image are compared with the extremal contours predicted from the model using the chamfer-distance image. Finally, the newly estimated model is consistent with this image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-truncated-elliptical-cone-projects-onto-an-image-as-1tnswvzt.png Fig. 2. A truncated elliptical cone projects onto an image as a pair of extremal contours. The 2-D motion of these extremal contours is a function of both the motion of the cone and the sliding of the contour generator along the smooth surface of the cone. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-from-left-to-right-a-raw-image-the-silhouette-the-1u4c7z53.png Fig. 4. From left to right: A raw image, the silhouette, the edges inside the silhouette, and the chamfer-distance image associated with the silhouette https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-observed-edges-left-and-silhouette-right-b-chamfer-aee5infr.png Fig. 3. (a) Observed edges (left) and silhouette (right). (b) Chamfer distance on the silhouette. (c) Chamfer distance on the edges. (d) Sum of both distances. The graphs illustrate the distance (blue or thin curve) and the error (red or bold curve) along a row (white lines). https://scispace.com/papers/tractable-hedging-an-implementation-of-robust-hedging-4iclvncvrf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-performance-of-the-hedging-strategies-3kxeplkt.png Figure 6. Performance of the hedging strategies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-initial-capital-needed-for-the-suboptimal-tractable-233ediy6.png Figure 1. Initial capital needed for the (suboptimal) tractable hedge of the zero payoff https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-initial-capital-of-decomposition-superhedge-vs-16xj2o5z.png Figure 2. Initial capital of decomposition superhedge vs initial capital of trivial superhedge https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-performance-of-the-hedging-strategies-2l4t9j5t.png Figure 5. Performance of the hedging strategies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cost-distribution-for-the-bullish-vertical-spread-g5c5dhp2.png Figure 8. Cost Distribution for the bullish vertical spread for µ = 0.1. The left graph shows the cost distribution for the tractable hedge (left line) and the ALP-hedge (right line). In the right graph, the initial capital of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-robust-hedge-of-a-bullish-vertical-spread-ngklgkra.png Figure 3. Robust hedge of a bullish vertical spread: Comparison of initial capital https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cost-distribution-for-the-bullish-vertical-spread-9n8z4qzh.png Figure 7. Cost Distribution for the bullish vertical spread for µ = 0. The left graph shows the cost distribution for the tractable hedge (left line) and the ALP-hedge (right line). In the right graph, the initial capital of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-avellenada-hedge-and-the-17k4t6nx.png Figure 4. Comparison of the Avellenada–hedge and the tractable hedge The left figure shows the initial capital for the Avellaneda–hedge (thin line) and for the tractable hedge (thick line) as a function of the current asset price and the point in time t. The right figure shows the corresponding https://scispace.com/papers/trade-agreements-as-venues-for-market-power-europe-the-case-6vjo8gisv2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regression-analysis-of-migration-related-provisions-2lv7caxl.png Table 1: Regression Analysis of Migration-Related Provisions Included in Trade Agreementsa https://scispace.com/papers/trade-and-agricultural-development-in-the-1980s-and-the-2nzfaq05er 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-le56tj0z.png TABLE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-eg5xi6yk.png TABLE 8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-2m2crkc4.png TABLE 12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-33t0tf1r.png TABLE 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-31od8ypi.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-17mgcd87.png TABLE 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1sz1nuvr.png TABLE 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-30bkdeko.png TABLE 10 https://scispace.com/papers/trade-and-foreign-direct-investment-in-china-a-political-44me6oeggl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-welfare-effects-of-tariffs-reductions-expressed-as-lu0os8bc.png Table 4: Welfare Effects of Tariffs Reductions (expressed as percent of import value) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-coefficient-estimates-by-time-period-method-a-method-l7kandzg.png Table 3: Coefficient Estimates, by Time Period Method A Method B https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dependent-variable-22d5oc9u.png Table 2: Dependent Variable – https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3l0te7gm.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-data-in-1995-1cqf8ym4.png Table 1: Selected Data in 1995 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1pg44rkg.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/trade-costs-quality-and-the-skill-premium-xmcyg44bdp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimated-elasticities-of-skill-premium-with-respect-27nr37gy.png Table 6: Estimated elasticities of skill premium with respect to skill abundance and distance with simulated data with η = 0 and λ = 0 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-elasticities-of-fob-prices-with-respect-to-3ezj0hws.png Table 3: Estimated elasticities of fob-prices with respect to skill abundance and distance with simulated data https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-comparison-of-schott-2004-and-our-results-1abnld1t.png Table 8: Comparison of Schott (2004) and our results https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimated-elasticities-of-fob-prices-with-respect-to-3uym74n5.png Table 4: Estimated elasticities of fob-prices with respect to the extensive margin and fixed export costs https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-list-of-countries-1f2vu3k8.png Table 10: List of countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-partial-scatter-plot-of-skill-premium-on-distance-2ezbvrkg.png Figure 1: Partial scatter plot of skill premium on distance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-histogram-and-summary-statistics-for-gdp-per-capita-2ced2dsx.png Figure 3: Histogram and summary statistics for GDP per capita https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-histogram-and-summary-statistics-for-relative-skill-cbnc5yw7.png Figure 2: Histogram and summary statistics for relative skill abundance https://scispace.com/papers/trade-diversion-and-declining-tariffs-evidence-from-mercosur-20ko027y35 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-declining-industries-and-tariffs-in-argentina-post-z00y3zam.png Table 2: Declining Industries and Tariffs in Argentina. Post-Mercosur https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-declining-industries-and-tariffs-in-argentina-post-ja59jgbt.png Table 1: Declining Industries and Tariffs in Argentina. Post-Mercosur Cross-section at HS 6-digits, pooled across three periods a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-argentina-s-external-tariffs-in-1996-isic-rev-2-4-127v6ccu.png Figure 2: Argentina's External Tariffs (%) in 1996 ISIC (rev. 2) 4-digit industries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-richardson-1993-trade-diversion-endogenously-1uqpzeni.png Figure 1: Richardson (1993): Trade diversion endogenously disappears. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sensitivity-analysis-of-parameter-estimates-in-27zvza54.png Table 3: Sensitivity Analysis of Parameter Estimates in Tables 1 and 2 https://scispace.com/papers/trade-credit-in-supply-chains-multiple-creditors-and-4iukgfcy41 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-trade-credit-bank-loan-usage-and-wxkdksq5.png Figure 1: Comparison of Trade Credit, Bank Loan Usage, and Profit Allocation under Different Priority Rules https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-joint-distribution-of-investment-payoff-and-demand-1gu0rl1p.png Table 1: Joint Distribution of Investment Payoff and Demand https://scispace.com/papers/trade-credit-and-the-propagation-of-corporate-failure-an-1q41qx29mk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-controlling-for-common-shocks-and-unobservable-3gi4jeqj.png Table 6: Controlling for common shocks and unobservable creditor characteristics The table reports coeffi cient estimates from logistic and OLS regressions estimating the likelihood that a firm bankrupts as an outcome of a trade debtor bankruptcy, during the period 1992 to 2010. The dependent variable, TCF , indicates whether a firm is bankrupt or not in year t. TDF is an indicator variable taking the value one if the trade creditor experiences a trade debtor failure and zero otherwise in year t. The industry fixed-effects are constructed based on one- and two-digit SNI codes, and the location fixed-effects are constructed according to a county level (Swedish län). All models are augmented with the firm-specific explanatory variables included in Model (II) to (IV) in Table 5. The pseudo-R2 is calculated according to McFadden (1974). t-values for the logistic regressions are calculated with standard errors obtained after a sample size adjustment where the covariance matrix is scaled by the average number of firm-years per firm, so as to account for within firm dependence, c.f., Shumway (2001). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-failure-timing-and-the-size-of-the-bankruptcy-2mwx57yk.png Figure 2: Failure timing and the size of the bankruptcy claims Panel A provides a graphical illustration of the timing of trade creditor and debtor failures, for the sample period 2007 to 2010 for which we observe the debtor identities. We construct the graph based on the sample of bankrupt trade creditors that experienced at least one trade debtor failure in the eleven months preceding or at any point in time after their bankruptcy event. For cases where the creditor experienced multiple debtor failures we keep the debtor failure corresponding to the largest bankruptcy claim. The first staple corresponds to the fraction of trade debtor failures that took place in the eleven months preceding or in the same month as the trade creditor failure (-11 to 0 months). The second, third, and fourth stable correspond to the fraction of trade debtor failures that took place in one to six months (1 to 6 months), seven to twelve months (7 to 12 months), and more than twelve months (12 months <) after the creditor failure event, respectively. Panel B provides a graphical illustration of the average size of bankruptcy claims to total (creditor) assets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimating-the-trade-creditor-bankruptcy-risk-obih3hib.png Table 5: Estimating the trade creditor bankruptcy risk imposed by a trade debtor failure The table reports coeffi cient estimates from industry- and time-fixed effects logistic regressions estimating the likelihood that a firm fails as an outcome of facing a trade debtor bankruptcy. The estimation period is 1992 to 2010. The dependent variable, TCF , indicates whether a firm is bankrupt or not in year t. TDF is an indicator variable taking the value one if a firm experienced a trade debtor bankruptcy and zero otherwise, in year t. Bankruptcy claims to assets is the time t size of the claims the firm has on a bankrupt trade debtor to total (creditor) assets at time t − 1, reported for the period 1996 - 2010. All firm-specific variables correspond to year t− 1. The firm-specific variables are described in Table 2. dy/dx is average marginal effects. The pseudo-R2 is calculated according to McFadden (1974). t-values calculated on robust standard errors, clustered on the firm level, are reported within parenthesis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-yearly-swedish-overall-bankruptcy-frequencies-and-ze9djv2z.png Figure 1: Yearly Swedish overall bankruptcy frequencies and trade debtor failure frequencies The solid line marks the yearly rate of overall Swedish corporate bankruptcies (left-hand scale), and the dashed line marks the fraction of corporate firms in Sweden that experienced one, or more, trade debtor bankruptcy(ies) in a given year (right-hand scale). https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-cross-sectional-determinants-of-trade-creditor-2ifzmatx.png Table 8: Cross-sectional determinants of trade creditor bankruptcy risk imposed by a trade debtor failure The table reports results from industry- and time-fixed effects logistic regressions estimating the likelihood that a firm fails as an outcome of facing a trade debtor bankruptcy. The estimation period is 1992 to 2010. The dependent variable, TCF , indicates whether a firm fails, or not, in year t. TDF is an indicator variable taking the value one if the firm experiences a trade debtor failure, and zero otherwise, in year t. The firm-specific and macroeconomic variables correspond to year t − 1. 4GDP is real output growth. The firm-specific variables are described in Table 2. The pseudo-R2 is calculated according to McFadden (1974). t-values calculated on robust standard errors, clustered at the firm level, are reported within parenthesis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reports-descriptive-statistics-for-our-key-variables-1jdd4aot.png Table 1 reports descriptive statistics for our key variables. Column (I) shows the average amount of accounts receivable to total assets in each year during the sample period. The average yearly amount of trade credit issued vary around 15 to 18 percent, possibly declining somewhat over time from averages around 18 percent in the early years towards less than 16 percent for the end of the period. Column (II) reports the aggregate bankruptcy frequency for the Swedish corporate sector. There are considerable swings in the bankruptcy frequency overall, but these tend to become dwarfed by the Swedish banking crisis episode in 1992 to 1993. The crisis period displays bankruptcy rates around 5 percent, as compared with the overall rate of 2 percent for the entire sample period. Column (III) reports the trade debtor bankruptcy frequency, corresponding to the fraction of firms that in a year face one, or more, trade debtor failures. The trade debtor bankruptcy frequency is higher than the bankruptcy frequency since each bankrupt firm on average obtained trade credit from more firms than one. For the sub-period 2007 to 2010 we observe that the average (median) number of trade creditors for a bankrupt trade debtor is around 8 (4). Figure 1 shows that the yearly fraction of firms that faced a trade debtor failure is highly correlated with the overall bankruptcy frequency, thus the fraction of firms that faced a trade debtor failure was substantially larger during the crisis period (around 16 percent). However, for the sub-period 1994 to 2004 we see that the trade debtor failure frequency remains elevated and the tight link with the regular bankruptcy rate is resumed towards the end of our sample period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimating-the-size-of-the-claims-held-on-failed-3nokktch.png Table 4: Estimating the size of the claims held on failed trade debtors The table reports coeffi cient estimates from OLS and Heckman regressions where the size of the claims that the trade creditor has on bankrupt trade debtors at time t is related to a set of firm-specific, macroeconomic, and industry control variables for the period 1996 to 2010. The dependent variable is the natural logarithm of the size of the claim that the trade creditor has on the bankrupt trade debtor at time t to total (creditor) assets at time t − 1. If a trade creditor experiences multiple debtor failures in a year then we construct the dependent variable based on the sum of the claims. The first stage regression for the Heckman model includes the variable set that is included in Model (IV) in Table 3. The firm-specific and the macroeconomic variable correspond to year t−1. 4GDP is real output growth. The firm-specific variables are described in Table 2. t-values, calculated on robust standard errors, are reported within parenthesis. https://scispace.com/papers/trade-liberalisation-changing-forest-management-and-4z1a31wizm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-composition-of-forest-products-exports-in-eu-3lg3fztu.png Figure 5. Composition of forest products exports in EU accession candidates, share of the total value of forest products exports (FAO 2001). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-geographical-composition-of-eu-roundwood-imports-2dolz8rb.png Figure 3. Geographical composition of EU roundwood imports, proportion of total value,% (EFI/WFSE Forest Products Trade Flow Database, constructed from UN Comtrade data). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-share-of-imports-from-apparent-roundwood-7vscx8il.png Figure 2. The share of imports from apparent roundwood consumption in the EU (FAO 2001). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-forest-industry-production-in-eu-accession-prvdmao4.png Figure 4. Forest industry production in EU accession candidates (FAO 2001). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gravity-models-for-european-bilateral-trade-in-1anr6mvp.png Table 2. Gravity models for European bilateral trade in roundwood in 1998 (logarithmic transformations were used), coefficients (standard errors in parentheses). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gravity-models-for-european-bilateral-trade-in-35d6hoen.png Table 1. Gravity models for European bilateral trade in roundwood in 1994 (logarithmic transformations were used), coefficients (standard errors in parentheses). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-roundwood-production-and-trade-in-the-eu-fao-2001-fd4epi4v.png Figure 1. Roundwood production and trade in the EU (FAO 2001). https://scispace.com/papers/trade-liberalization-and-growth-new-evidence-201e8hski4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-seemingly-unrelated-regression-sur-estimates-using-6w6dgx3k.png Table 8 - Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) Estimates using three periods (1970-1980, 1980-1989, 1989-1998) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-openness-and-liberalization-selected-countries-1-2lwl1rvz.png Figure 12. Openness and Liberalization - Selected Countries (1) Year, 1950-2000 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-growth-and-liberalization-sample-means-10wqjumf.png Figure 2. Growth and Liberalization - Sample Means https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-growth-and-liberalization-selected-countries-1-year-1r1ixxru.png Figure 8. Growth and Liberalization - Selected Countries (1) Year, 1950-2000 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-openness-and-liberalization-selected-countries-2-16z2dzw7.png Figure 13. Openness and Liberalization - Selected Countries (2) Year, 1950-2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-countries-that-remained-closed-as-of-2001-1w0hmt0y.png Table 4 - Countries that Remained Closed as of 2001 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-openness-in-the-world-sachs-and-warner-criteria-141-2zh0popi.png Figure 1 - Openness in the World (Sachs and Warner Criteria) - 141 countries. https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-timing-of-the-effects-of-liberalization-on-growth-1c1iqi04.png Table 15 - Timing of the Effects of Liberalization on Growth, Investment and Openness: Fixed-effects regressions (specification of Equation (4)) https://scispace.com/papers/trade-offs-in-marine-protection-multispecies-interactions-go1ssi48n1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-outputs-from-a-quasipoisson-glm-used-to-test-if-2lhu5dd2.png Table 4. Outputs from a quasipoisson GLM used to test if lobster catcher unit effort (CPUE), size (mm) 808 and treatment (reserve and near control) significantly influenced the level of damage individuals had 809 sustained over the four year period. Significant terms are denoted with a (*). 810 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-outputs-from-pearson-chi-squared-tests-used-to-juhc2zjr.png Table 5. Outputs from Pearson chi-squared tests used to compare the frequency of male and female 812 lobsters. Significant terms are denoted by a (*). 813 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-outputs-from-quasipoisson-glms-used-to-test-if-230lj4sa.png Table 1. Outputs from quasipoisson GLMs used to test if treatment (reserve, near control or far 792 control) and year (2012-2015) significantly influenced the catch per unit effort (CPUE) of lobsters, legal 793 sized lobsters (>87 mm), sub-legal lobsters (<87 mm), brown crab, legal sized brown crab (>140 mm), 794 sub-legal brown crab (<140 mm) and velvet swimming crabs. Significant terms are denoted with a (*). 795 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-outputs-from-the-kolmogorov-smirnov-k-s-2-sample-3hdxum3o.png Table 2. Outputs from the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K–S) 2 sample tests used to compare the size 797 distributions (% composition) of crustacean populations in the fully protected marine reserve and near 798 and far control sites. Also displayed is the number (N) of individuals sampled from each population. 799 Significant terms are denoted by a (*). 800 801 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-outputs-from-quasipoisson-glms-used-to-test-if-1g72ft5b.png Table 3. Outputs from quasipoisson GLMs used to test if treatment (reserve and near control) and 803 year (2012-2015) significantly influenced the weight per unit effort (WPUE) of lobsters, legal sized 804 lobsters (>87 mm) and sub-legal lobsters (<87 mm). Significant terms are denoted with a (*). 805 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-outputs-from-pearson-chi-squared-tests-used-to-27dedgt2.png Table 7. Outputs from Pearson chi-squared tests used to compare the frequency of berried and non-825 berried female lobsters between the fully protected marine reserve and near control sites. Significant 826 terms are denoted by a (*). 827 https://scispace.com/papers/tradeoffs-between-branch-mispredictions-and-comparisons-for-h5sj43h3pt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-greedy-division-protocol-between-any-two-elements-in-10gwkf3a.png Fig. 5. Greedy division protocol. Between any two elements in Si there is at least one element in Sk in the input sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-classification-of-the-branch-prediction-schemes-the-20lo8nto.png Fig. 1. A classification of the branch prediction schemes. The most popular branch predictors in each category are emphasized. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-two-bit-saturating-counter-3rgb6rla.png Fig. 3. Two-bit saturating counter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-branch-misprediction-schemes-1l19rfcn.png Fig. 2. Branch misprediction schemes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-lower-bounds-on-the-number-of-branch-mispredictions-nokqsysl.png Fig. 4. Lower bounds on the number of branch mispredictions for deterministic comparison based adaptive sorting algorithms for different measures of presortedness, given the upper bounds on the number of comparisons. https://scispace.com/papers/tradeoffs-in-slam-with-sparse-information-filters-4dp9irmjc1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-evaluation-of-mapping-in-eseif-and-d-slam-using-1d-258t6vpe.png Table 2. Evaluation of mapping in ESEIF and D-SLAM using 1D simulations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-outdoor-large-scale-implementation-using-victoria-park-2ghmmfrd.png Fig. 2. Outdoor, large-scale implementation using Victoria Park data set https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-summary-of-sparse-information-filters-used-in-slam-2nzm3wnm.png Table 1. A summary of sparse information filters used in SLAM – here N is the total number of 2D features and M is the number of selected 3D robot poses https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulation-results-19d59qxl.png Fig. 1. Simulation results https://scispace.com/papers/trader-anonymity-price-formation-and-liquidity-33m8l4oel8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-price-improvement-and-quote-adjustment-panel-a-next-242cbet7.png Table VI: Price improvement and quote adjustment Panel A: Next quotes published https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-frequency-and-magnitude-of-price-improvement-xl3waf7a.png Table I: Frequency and magnitude of price improvement https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-price-improvement-and-quote-competition-ulf69now.png Table II: Price improvement and quote competition https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-price-improvement-and-realized-spread-regression-1609ms2z.png Table V: Price improvement and realized spread: regression results https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-determinants-of-price-improvement-panel-a-kcvtueqc.png Table III: Determinants of price improvement Panel A https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-price-improvement-and-quote-adjustment-regression-1zccf3ar.png Table VII: Price improvement and quote adjustment: regression results https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-price-improvement-and-the-components-of-the-spread-1gkbe1zh.png Table IV: Price improvement and the components of the spread https://scispace.com/papers/trading-together-reviving-middle-east-and-north-africa-qgafwpud2w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-d-8-oecd-fdi-regulatory-restrictiveness-index-mena-vs-chye513r.png Figure D.8 OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index, MENA VS selected countries/ regions https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-7-oecd-fdi-regulatory-restrictiveness-index-53jtr319.png Table D.7 OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index decomposed, MENA countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-4-getting-credit-by-region-3heqp9p5.png Table D.4 Getting Credit, by region https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-1-number-of-ntms-applied-in-mena-countries-by-type-23u52yp6.png Table D.1 Number of NTMs applied in MENA countries by type of measure and comparison with other countries (August 2020) https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-7-oecd-fdi-regulatory-restrictiveness-index-3oa922l0.png Table D.7 OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index decomposed, MENA countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-fiscal-and-monetary-responses-in-the-gcc-countries-1rm3wsml.png Table A.1 Fiscal and Monetary Responses in the GCC countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-d-2-latest-average-applied-mfn-tariff-for-medical-1v8b2rcu.png Figure D.2 Latest Average Applied MFN Tariff (%) for Medical Products, by region https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-3-latest-average-applied-mfn-tariff-for-medical-eyikjrhp.png Table D.3 Latest Average Applied MFN Tariff (%) for Medical Products, by country https://scispace.com/papers/traders-versus-the-state-negotiating-urban-renewal-in-lao-qmfl1kdkzy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-slogan-on-the-left-poster-reads-long-live-the-d1j0e5vm.png Figure 2: The slogan on the left poster reads ―Long live the glorious Communist Party of Vietnam‖, while the one on the right side reads ―Determined to make Lào Cai City more civilized, rich, and beautiful with every passing day‖ (photo by author, 2016) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-signboard-at-the-construction-site-shows-details-3o2yc8aq.png Figure 4: A signboard at the construction site shows details of the plans for the upgraded market (photo by author, 2014). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-by-2011-the-zone-a-market-building-had-become-sw5vi1f4.png Figure 3: By 2011, the ―Zone A‖ market building had become weatherworn and decrepit (photo by author, 2011) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-celebrating-post-war-urban-reconstruction-on-lao-2le0dugm.png Figure 1: Celebrating post-war urban reconstruction on Lào Cai’s 20th anniversary as provincial capital; the city regained this status in 1992 (photo by author, 2012) https://scispace.com/papers/trading-volume-in-general-equilibrium-with-complete-markets-3ucjbpbpbr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-trading-volume-for-a-12-period-complete-markets-250pq06x.png Table 3: Trading volume for a 12-period complete-markets endowment economy, excluding trade at t = 0. Separate statistics are reported for each case of π2(l|l). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-scatter-plot-of-log-likelihood-ratios-and-log-price-1zkp2ey5.png Figure 8: Scatter plot of log likelihood ratios and log price ratios. Divisors in the ratios correspond to quantities in a homogeneous economy of the specified base type, and numerators correspond to the equivalent quantities in the heterogeneous economy. In each case, T + 1 = 12. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scatter-plot-of-absolute-price-changes-for-the-s-p-3f9w3cse.png Figure 3: Scatter plot of absolute price changes for the S&P 500 and aggregate NYSE volume. Both series are quarterly, ranging from 1947.2 to 2010.4. Empty circles represent data values before 2000 and the circles superimposed with crosses represent post-2000 data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-scatter-plot-of-absolute-price-changes-and-trading-3gnjs9rl.png Figure 6: Scatter plot of absolute price changes and trading volume for 12-period endowment economy with heterogeneous discount factors and homogeneous beliefs. Values are expectations computed with the reference probabilities in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-series-plot-of-real-per-capita-aggregate-3hzn8a1a.png Figure 2: Time series plot of real, per capita, aggregate consumption growth, aggregate NYSE turnover and S&P 500 absolute price changes. All series are quarterly, 1947.2 to 2010.4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-moments-of-simulated-log-consumption-growth-for-15nq5jjk.png Table 2: Moments of simulated log consumption growth for various values of π(l|l) and unconditional (quarterly) probabilities of recession and expansion. Simulations consist of 1 million observations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-volatility-of-net-worths-across-all-possible-state-2s5au4c3.png Table 6: Volatility of net worths across all possible state histories in a 12-period complete-markets endowment economy. Separate statistics are reported for each case of β2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-volatility-of-net-worths-across-all-possible-state-2fdk8isk.png Table 5: Volatility of net worths across all possible state histories in a 12-period complete-markets endowment economy. Separate statistics are reported for each case of π2(l|l). https://scispace.com/papers/tradition-and-modernity-an-obsolete-dichotomy-binary-369q2f2i8y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-elements-to-analyse-under-the-framework-2nzu8u4f.png Table 2. Elements to analyse under the framework: https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simplistic-representation-of-myths-and-oppositions-zu6drsw7.png Table 1. Simplistic representation of myths and oppositions related to modernity and tradition in the context of Indigenous peoples https://scispace.com/papers/traditions-of-ceramics-production-in-the-central-and-eastern-2cj2flkycf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1-tripolye-bowl-with-a-hole-popudnia-site-2-miniature-27nvwdbw.png Fig. 4. 1 – Tripolye bowl with a hole (Popudnia site); 2 – miniature vessel of the Tripolye culture with two holes near the spout, possibly for hanging; 3 – holes in a Tripolye helmet-shaped lid (Kudrincy); 4 – Tripolye culture vessel with two holes, possibly for fastening the lid (Polivanov Yar); 5 – holes for repair in a Tripolye bowl (Popudnia); 6 – handle with two holes, vessel of the Malice culture (Werbkowice); 7– handle on pins, vessel of the Tripolye culture (Polivanov Yar II); 8 – handle on pins, vessel of the Lublin-Volhynian culture (Las Stocki 7) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1-finishing-of-the-bottom-of-a-tripolye-vessel-from-805yt765.png Fig. 5. 1 – finishing of the bottom of a Tripolye vessel from inside with a bone spatula (Vladimirovka site); 2 – traces of working of the surface of a Tripolye vessel with a wooden spatula (Popudnia); 3 – traces of working of the surface of a Tripolye vessel with the edge of a Unio sash shell (Kudrincy); 4 – shaping of the bottom of a Tripolye vessel with application of additional clay cakes on the inside (Cucuteni-Cetăţuia); 5 – vessel of the Lublin-Volhynia culture with partly preserved traces of polish (Wąwolnica 6); 6 – traces of polishing over a dried surface on a vessel of the Lublin-Volhynia culture (Wąwolnica 6); 7 – traces of polishing over a dried surface on a vessel of the Tripolye culture (Nemirov); 8 – polishers, Lublin-Volhynia culture (Las Stocki 7) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-1a-vessel-of-the-lublin-volhynia-culture-painted-in-fnx28vjf.png Fig. 8. 1a – vessel of the Lublin-Volhynia culture painted in white (Wąwolnica 6); 1b – thin section of a layer of white painting; photograph from an electronic microscope (magnification x 200); 1c – inclusions of shells in the painting layer on a vessel of the Lublin-Volhynia culture (magnification x 200); 1d – percentage ratio of the elements in clay mass composition; 1e – percentage ratio of elements in the painting layer composition; 2a – vessel of the Tripolye culture painted in white and brown (Polivanov Yar); 2b-c – thin section of a layer of white and brown painting; photograph from an electronic microscope (magnification x 200); 2d – percentage ratio of elements in clay mass composition; 2e – percentage ratio of elements in the engobe composition; 2f – percentage ratio of elements in the brown paint composition; 2g – percentage ratio of elements in the white paint composition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-1-example-of-painting-over-an-undercoating-on-a-2gj5x8co.png Fig. 6. 1 – example of painting over an undercoating on a Tripolye vessel (Nezvisko site); 2 – coating of a Tripolye bowl with brown paint (Popudnia); 3 – cover; Tripolye culture, painted on engobe (Popudnia); 4-5– examples of the surface of ware of the Malice culture (Werbkowice); 6 – miniature vessel of the LublinVolhynia culture with flaking-off plaster slip (Las Stocki 7); 7 – vessel of the Lublin-Volhynia culture with holes in the bottom (Wąwolnica 6) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1-the-joining-of-bands-visible-inside-a-lublin-x5bszo3s.png Fig. 2. 1 – the joining of bands visible inside a Lublin-Volhynian vessel (Mikulin 8); 2 – the surface of a Tripolye vessel on which the junctures of the strips and imprints of the potter’s fingers are discernible (CucuteniCetăţuia); 3 – scheme of coiling the strips on a vessel of the Lublin-Volhynian culture (Wąwolnica 6); 4 – the lower part of the Lublin-Volhynian culture vessel on a flat pedestal (Las Stocki 7) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-1-vessel-of-the-lublin-volhynia-culture-with-3mgl26u3.png Fig. 7. 1 – vessel of the Lublin-Volhynia culture with fingernail imprints on the internal surface of the rim and combing on the throat (Las Stocki 7); 2-3 – ‘pearls’ on Tripolye vessels (Polivanov Yar II); 4 – vertical combing on the throat of a Tripolye cooking vessel (Krinichki); 5 – bowl of the Lublin-Volhynia culture with additional fixation of the clay strip of the rim from inside (a trace left by a tool) (Las Stocki 7); 6 – leveling of the top of a Lublin-Volhynian vessel by means of an additional clay strip (Las Stocki 7) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1-2-4-10-schemes-and-techniques-for-shaping-vessel-e3jqpl4a.png Fig. 3. 1-2, 4-10 — schemes and techniques for shaping vessel bottoms in the Malice, Tripolye and LublinVolhynian cultures; 3a-b — variant of the Lublin-Volhynian vessel’s bottom modeling (Las Stocki 7); 11 — imprint of the textile on the bottom of Tripolye-Cucuteni vessel (Vladimirovka) https://scispace.com/papers/trafair-understanding-traffic-flow-to-improve-air-quality-1a1crvk5cl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sectors-addressed-by-the-measures-reported-by-the-eu28-3epvgcpg.png Fig. 1. Sectors addressed by the measures reported by the EU28 Member States for PM10 and NO2 [1] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-prediction-of-urban-air-pollution-in-the-city-of-2p4ky8y1.png Fig. 4. The prediction of urban air pollution in the city of Santiago de Compostela (left) and Zaragoza(right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-interpolation-maps-for-the-city-of-modena-left-and-8fe2a6li.png Fig. 5. The interpolation maps for the city of Modena (left) and Zaragoza (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overview-of-the-data-flow-in-the-trafair-project-2r06ugav.png Fig. 2. Overview of the data flow in the Trafair project. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-overview-of-the-software-tiers-3o6bc27n.png Fig. 3. Overview of the software tiers. https://scispace.com/papers/traffic-aware-pilot-de-contamination-for-multi-cell-mimo-26nv4x9owp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-asymmetrical-traffic-distribution-with-overall-average-2es654ur.png Fig. 4: Asymmetrical traffic distribution with overall average arrival rate of 5 and 20% idle users and Cell Separation = 100m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-symmetrical-traffic-distribution-with-overall-average-q966f6vr.png Fig. 3: Symmetrical traffic distribution with overall average arrival rate of 5 and 20% idle users and Cell Separation = 200m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-asymmetrical-traffic-distribution-with-overall-average-1qeswnmd.png Fig. 2: Asymmetrical traffic distribution with overall average arrival rate of 5 and 20% idle users and Cell Separation = 200m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-asymmetrical-traffic-distribution-with-20-idle-users-1c3zb7hf.png Fig. 1: Asymmetrical traffic distribution with 20% idle users and available orthogonal pilots is 15 and Cell Separation = 200m. https://scispace.com/papers/traffic-driven-dynamic-spectrum-auctions-32h4khefeh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-total-ap-throughput-as-a-function-of-time-we-5tkr3a9s.png Fig. 4. The total AP throughput as a function of time. We compare three systems (1) APs share one channel, (2) APs share one cha nel and bid for one additional channel and (3) APs share two channels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-impact-of-auction-interval-on-system-throughput-15am2cr6.png Fig. 5. The impact of auction interval on system throughput,assuming traffic-award bidding, under both uniform and traffic-driven budgets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-illustrative-example-of-dynamic-spectrum-auctions-2dfdabd6.png Fig. 2. An illustrative example of dynamic spectrum auctions. The interference constraints among bidders are represented bya conflict graph. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-of-satisfaction-price-under-different-2fktjndt.png Fig. 3. Distribution of satisfaction/price under different bidding behaviors. https://scispace.com/papers/traffic-congestion-an-experimental-study-of-the-downs-3g8aaeg7ce 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-improved-road-capacity-2524stte.png Figure 1. Improved road capacity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-outcome-screen-ldz788ap.png Figure 2. Outcome Screen https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pure-strategy-equilibrium-prediction-for-all-cases-3r44cth9.png Table 1. Pure strategy equilibrium prediction for all cases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-number-of-road-users-3b7umhh5.png Figure 3. Average number of road users https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-average-number-of-route-changes-184ptstf.png Figure 7. Average number of route changes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-cost-vs-constant-cost-pricing-of-the-metro-1y3j7067.png Figure 2. Outcome Screen https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-price-comparison-1x551qyu.png Figure 6. Price comparison https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-illustration-of-the-logit-qre-for-the-four-2fylux6n.png Figure 8. Illustration of the logit QRE for the four different treatments. All figures are drawn using 𝝁 = 𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟖. https://scispace.com/papers/traffic-management-and-networking-for-autonomous-vehicular-2jec65iti2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-related-works-3e3c7cr4.png Table 1: Summary of related works https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-picture-of-the-gra-layout-access-exit-points-are-m684tq9l.png Figure 5: Picture of the GRA layout. Access/exit points are highlighted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-highway-span-with-three-input-output-1z6yo1in.png Figure 1: Example of highway span with three input/output ramps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-delay-capped-thanet-bnet-bit-s-vs-dbn-m-for-ieee-32ar7z4n.png Figure 16: Delay-capped THAnet,Bnet (bit/s) vs dBN (m) for IEEE 802.11p Anet-TDMA Bnet https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-thanet-bnet-bit-s-vs-dbn-m-at-various-r-mbit-s-p-0-kngrqu8j.png Figure 17: THAnet,Bnet (bit/s) vs dBN (m) at various R (Mbit/s) P ≥ 0.95 (DP ≤ 50 ms), PDR ≥ 0.95 for IEEE802.11p Anet - IEEE802.11p Bnet https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-comparison-delay-capped-thanet-bnet-mbit-s-vs-3l22edag.png Figure 18: Comparison Delay-capped THAnet,Bnet (Mbit/s) vs RAnet (Mbit/s) for N = 250. Bar explanation: (A1/A2/A3,MAC3):RAnet = RBnet; (A1/A2/A3,MAC2): RBnet = 24 Mbit/s, M = 5, dBN = 100 m; (A1/A2,MAC1): kc = 2, RBnet = 24 Mbit/s, M = 5, dBN = 100 m; (A3,MAC1): kc = 3, RBnet = 24 Mbit/s, M = 5, dBN = 100 m https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-network-architecture-bns-and-associated-anet-1ejhyo20.png Figure 10: Network Architecture: BNs and associated Anet clients. The solid arrows represent association of Anet clients to BN and the dotted arrows represent Bnet communications https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-time-slot-allocation-in-a-da-tdma-anet-tdma-bnet-su1w1jbo.png Figure 11: Time Slot Allocation in a DA/TDMA Anet-TDMA Bnet Time Frame for Anet coloring kc = 2 and TDMA Bnet reuse-M = 3 and i ≥ 1 https://scispace.com/papers/traffic-management-assessing-various-countermeasures-to-cwkemddnqh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-screen-shot-of-the-second-gantry-in-video-1-to-13-i-11lhk5n2.png Figure 1. Screen shot of the second gantry in video 1 to 13, i.e. before the speed limit changes, for the two types of changes: Information Addition (top) and Information Change (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-normalised-reaction-time-rt-for-detection-of-7uusy6ep.png Figure 4. Mean normalised reaction time (RT’) for detection of the first change for information addition (IA) and information change (IC) under three conditions of information discriminability. Error bars show 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-2x3-design-16js3xoy.png Table 2. The 2x3 design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-screen-shot-of-the-third-gantry-depicting-the-3o2m787s.png Figure 3. Screen shot of the third gantry, depicting the second changed speed limit in video 14. This sign was the same for all groups. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-screen-shot-of-the-second-gantry-depicting-the-m8be9t8u.png Figure 2. Screen shot of the second gantry depicting the changed speed limit under three conditions of information discriminability in video 14. From top to bottom: Control, Flash, and Wave. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-detection-accuracy-i-e-correct-detections-and-2b45jp3d.png Table 3. Detection accuracy, i.e. correct detections and identifications of what had changed, for the first speed limit change per group (Information Addition and Information Change under three conditions of information discriminability). When testing with an α of 0.05, post hoc tests using the Bonferroni correction showed that the decreased detection accuracy was only statistically significant for Flash. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-recollected-speed-limit-sequences-in-video-15-the-2hyzqs24.png Figure 5. Recollected speed limit sequences in video 15.The correct sequence is 100 km/h, 100 km/h, 80 km/h, and 80 km/h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-recollection-for-subsequent-speed-limits-in-video-3o51bhpu.png Figure 6. Recollection for subsequent speed limits in video 15. The fixed sign depicted the fixed roadside speed limit and matrix 1 to 3 depicted the subsequent electronic speed limits on overhead gantries. https://scispace.com/papers/traffic-signal-timing-for-urban-evacuation-1immez8cxp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-study-network-3akdei41.png Figure 3-2 Study network https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-location-and-time-of-occurrence-of-the-assumed-14-2s0oa9lv.png Table 4-1 Location and time of occurrence of the assumed 14 traffic incidents https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-7-average-level-of-demand-for-peak-hour-case-of-3q7d3sec.png Figure 4-7 Average level of demand for peak-hour case of master scenario 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-8-worst-level-of-demand-for-peak-hour-case-of-t3etxosh.png Figure 4-8 Worst level of demand for peak-hour case of master scenario 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-average-level-of-demand-for-off-peak-hour-case-of-35i1d5q7.png Figure 4-5 Average level of demand for off-peak hour case of master scenario 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-6-worst-level-of-demand-for-off-peak-hour-case-of-8y4rxtok.png Figure 4-6 Worst level of demand for off-peak hour case of master scenario 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-possible-boundary-1-figure-5-2-possible-boundary-2whi4fbb.png Figure 5-1 Possible boundary 1 Figure 5-2 Possible boundary 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-7-average-vehicle-delay-for-the-average-demand-case-3r6p8l0m.png Table 6-7 average vehicle delay for the average demand case of sub-scenario 18 https://scispace.com/papers/training-need-of-rural-women-participating-in-income-2tnhrjnhaz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-profile-of-the-rural-womens-characteristics-n-105-fy5w1dhk.png Table 1. Profile of the rural women’s characteristics (n = 105) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relationship-between-dependent-and-independent-ftuv7mat.png Table 4. Relationship between dependent and independent variables https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-component-wise-training-needs-of-the-rural-women-3ezep9q7.png Fig. 1. Component-wise training needs of the rural women https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-component-wise-training-needs-of-the-rural-women-n-1zftfabf.png Table 3. Component-wise training needs of the rural women (n = 105) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-women-according-to-their-overall-2932kzw5.png Table 2. Distribution of women according to their overall training needs (n = 105) https://scispace.com/papers/training-effect-on-performance-of-mediolateral-episiotomies-3014mhbo9u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3vnw715r.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1rhwe307.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-participants-and-their-occupation-1v3zqig9.png Table 1 characteristics of participants and their occupation history https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mle-parameters-performed-by-participants-before-and-3czcaa9o.png Table 2 MLE parameters performed by participants before and after the training course https://scispace.com/papers/training-perceptions-engagement-and-performance-comparing-122fjpudai 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-multiple-regression-analyses-for-the-effects-of-pqr4nf3s.png Table 6. Multiple regression analyses for the effects of training perceptions on work role behaviours via work engagement and personal role engagement https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-process-output-results-for-the-indirect-effect-of-avblictr.png Table 7. PROCESS output results for the indirect effect of training perceptions on work role behaviours via work engagement and personal role engagement https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-standard-deviations-and-correlations-of-the-2vhfid1y.png Table 2. Means, standard deviations, and correlations of the variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparing-the-conceptual-foundations-of-personal-1b39rars.png Table 1. Comparing the conceptual foundations of personal role engagement and work engagement https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-confirmatory-factor-analyses-of-the-engagement-37wpkwae.png Table 3. Confirmatory factor analyses of the engagement constructs https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-confirmatory-factor-analyses-of-all-latent-variables-2lulf6ws.png Table 4. Confirmatory factor analyses of all latent variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-multiple-regressions-and-relative-weight-analyses-32p4z1x4.png Table 5. Multiple regressions and relative weight analyses for predicting work role behaviours https://scispace.com/papers/training-of-spatial-ability-on-engineering-students-through-ip90u0cojf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-between-groups-for-gain-mrt-zjebdnd6.png Table 2. COMPARISON BETWEEN GROUPS FOR GAIN MRT https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-pre-post-test-and-gain-scores-2xk3aoy6.png Table 1. VALUES PRE/POST TEST AND GAIN SCORES https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-between-groups-for-gain-dat5-sr-31klwwuh.png Table 3. COMPARISON BETWEEN GROUPS FOR GAIN DAT5:SR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-examples-of-several-kinds-tasks-1bk2vli6.png Figure 4. EXAMPLES OF SEVERAL KINDS TASKS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-spatial-ability-3ln4dxfq.png Figure 1. STRUCTURE SPATIAL ABILITY. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-factors-and-measurement-test-for-spatial-skills-1l7phwl2.png Figure 2. FACTORS AND MEASUREMENT TEST FOR SPATIAL SKILLS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-using-ar-app-and-augmented-book-24toxj8t.png Figure 3. USING AR APP AND AUGMENTED BOOK https://scispace.com/papers/training-peers-to-treat-ebola-centre-workers-with-anxiety-j28xatbto7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-socio-demographic-factors-for-full-sample-l0nefz56.png Table 1 – Socio-demographic factors for full sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-timeline-of-intervention-and-national-evd-status-in-84ri4jn9.png Figure 1 – Timeline of Intervention and national EVD status in Sierra Leone https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flow-diagram-detailing-the-3-phase-intervention-20iers43.png Figure 2 – Flow diagram detailing the 3-phase intervention https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-attendance-at-each-phase-of-the-intervention-1d7goco3.png Figure 3 – Attendance at each phase of the intervention https://scispace.com/papers/trait-anhedonia-is-associated-with-reduced-reactivity-and-3sk5armtsk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mrs-and-limbic-system-reactivity-was-negatively-i2bssdzx.png Fig. 3. MRS and limbic system reactivity was negatively correlated with trait anhedonia. Bra during music, contrasted with spectrally-matched scrambled music, were negatively correla are known to be linked by the medial forebrain bundle. Trait anhedonia was assessed using depression scale. The scatterplots show beta-values extracted from 4-mm radius spheres dra values and individual anhedonia scores are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-brain-regions-that-showed-significant-activation-1rhe0zmr.png Fig. 2. Brain regions that showed significant activation during music listening. (A) Significant activation to musical excerpts was detected in the mesolimbic reward system (MRS), including bilateral nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral tegmental area/adjoining substantia nigra (VTA/SN), as well as related limbic regions including hypothalamus and amygdala. Significant activation was also detected in (B) paralimbic regions including the anterior insula, and (C) superior temporal gyrus regions, including the primary and secondary auditory cortices. MNI coordinates of each slice are shown in mm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-brain-areas-negatively-correlated-with-trait-2q80u7mi.png Table 3 Brain areas negatively correlated with trait anhedonia. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-subject-characteristics-with-depression-and-19t3krv6.png Table 1 Subject characteristics with depression and anhedonia ratings. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-brain-areas-that-showed-significant-negative-2eir9aag.png Table 4 Brain areas that showed significant negative correlations between trait anhedonia and effective connectivity of the mesolimbic reward system (MRS). Effective connectivity of theMRS examined interactions of the right nucleus accumbens (NAc; 12, 10, 10) and ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra (VTA/SN; 2, 22, 16) with other brain regions. No regions showed significant positive correlations between trait anhedonia and MRS effective connectivity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-brain-areas-where-mrs-effective-connectivity-was-2mcyhvvj.png Fig. 5. Brain areas where MRS effective connectivity was negatively correlated with trait anhedonia. (A) Effective connectivity of mesolimbic reward system (MRS) was negatively correlated with trait anhedonia in the right superior temporal gyrus, right secondary auditory cortex, left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), as well as bilateral anterior and posterior insula. Effective connectivity was examined using ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra (VTA/SN)-mediated psychophysiological interactions of the nucleus accumbens (NAc; Menon and Levitin, 2005) during music, contrasted with spectrally matched scrambled music. (B) In contrast, effective connectivity of the NAc alone and trait anhedonia was not significantly correlated in any brain region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-trait-anhedonia-was-negatively-correlated-with-music-1yd66krb.png Fig. 1. Trait anhedonia was negatively correlated with music pleasantness ratings. Trait anhedonia, measured using the positive affect factor of the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire anhedonic depression scale, was significantly negatively correlated with classical music pleasantness ratings but not with scrambled music pleasantness ratings. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3rempn28.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/trajectories-of-sleep-quality-during-the-first-three-years-50hy155ivf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-adjusted-odds-ratio-or-for-the-association-between-m712tf1y.png Table 1 Adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the association between sociodemographic and clinical chara trajectory as reference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pittsburgh-sleep-quality-index-psqi-components-scores-24j8h2c2.png Fig. 2. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) components scores in the three moments of evaluation, according to each trajectory identified. PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Higher scores of PSQI components (range: 0e3) correspond to worse outcomes, e.g. lower subjective sleep quality, higher sleep latency, less sleep duration, less habitual sleep efficiency, higher sleep disturbances, higher use of sleep medication and higher daytime dysfunction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-adjusted-odds-ratio-or-for-the-association-between-3qpwxb73.png Table 2 Adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the association between neurological complications at one and three-years after cancer diagnosis and trajectories of sleep quality, using the high sleep quality trajectory as reference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-means-and-the-corresponding-95-confidence-intervals-of-y5icsshp.png Fig. 1. Means and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score for each trajectory identified. PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Higher PSQI scores correspond to a worse sleep quality. https://scispace.com/papers/trajectory-inference-using-a-motion-sensing-network-3bli2vg7w1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-gateway-host-left-gateway-sink-radio-center-and-a-2v9xzgzh.png Figure 1. A gateway host (left), gateway sink radio (center), and a sensor base unit repeater in an enclosure (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-google-earth-image-showing-the-ten-deployment-sites-2wl2f7hq.png Figure 8. Google Earth image showing the ten deployment sites (markers A through J) and the location of the sink gateway (marker labeled Sink). White lines depict typical routing paths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-example-of-a-field-trial-deployment-site-devices-2uvlbuu9.png Figure 7. Example of a field trial deployment site. Devices were placed in groups of five throughout the site in simple glass enclosures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-simulated-environment-the-squares-and-3iggtg0v.png Figure 2. An example simulated environment. The squares and lines represent a graph model for the flow of traffic in the environment. The circles represent deployed motion sensors that are able to detect motion on the edge they intersect. Squares surrounded by hexagons indicate potential nodes from which the environment can be either entered or exited (i.e. are incident to the source/sink vertex s, which is not shown). All traffic in the environment is modeled as transiting in a straight line between these nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-motion-sensing-network-deployment-a-floor-plan-of-3dcsoa21.png Figure 11. Motion sensing network deployment: a) Floor plan of the deployment area. White vectors represent the placement and direction of the motion sensor modules. b) Simplified model where squares represent nodes in the environment. Squares surrounded by hexagons indicated potential nodes from which the environment can be either entered or exited. Circles represent deployed motion sensors. The line widths are proportional to the inferred frequency of edge transits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-example-of-the-progression-of-the-trajectory-2r3ybc6f.png Figure 10. Example of the progression of the trajectory inference algorithm as a function of the number of MCMC proposals on the simulated environment shown in Figure 2. a) The probability of the inferred solutions increases and eventually levels off at the probability of the true solution (shown as a dotted line). b) The corresponding inferred number of agents in the environment with the true number shown as a dotted line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-set-of-simulated-environment-graphs-in-which-the-7tn8sgl1.png Figure 9. A set of simulated environment graphs in which the squares represent nodes and the circles represent deployed motion sensors that are able to detect motion on the edge they intersect. The relative edge traversal frequencies are represented by edge width for the various simulated scenarios: a) a trajectory generated using the incorrect transition matrix A assumed by the algorithm; b) a trajectory generated using B and inferred using four deployed sensors; c) a trajectory generated using the actual transition matrix B and accurately inferred using six deployed sensors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-plot-showing-the-number-of-inferred-agents-in-the-23msnlw4.png Figure 12. Plot showing the number of inferred agents in the environment as a function of offset in minutes from 7:00 AM. https://scispace.com/papers/traits-of-relevance-to-improve-yield-under-terminal-drought-1oc1n7hvyg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-range-of-best-liner-unbiased-predicted-means-3d3lpb5r.png Table 2 Means, range of best liner unbiased predicted means of genotypes (BLUPs) and analysis of variance of drought response index (DRI) of the 21 chickpea germplasm accessions under drought treatments in 2004–2005 and 2005–2006. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-coefficients-between-drought-response-1w1pf946.png Table 3 Correlation coefficients between drought response index (DRI) and other drought avoidance/tolerance related traits under drought stress in 2004–2005 and 2005–2006. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-weather-during-the-crop-growing-seasons-in-2004-2005-36a0dliw.png Fig. 1. Weather during the crop growing seasons in 2004–2005 and 2005–2006. Horizontal arrows mark the 50% flowering phase of all the accessions in the trial. (A) Precipitation and evaporation, and (B) temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-changes-in-available-soil-moisture-up-to-a-soil-depth-12n0b9vk.png Fig. 2. Changes in available soil moisture up to a soil depth of 1.2 m across the crop g o https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-trail-means-range-of-best-liner-unbiased-predicted-zbcy2auw.png Table 1 Trail means, range of best liner unbiased predicted means of genotypes (BLUPs) and analysis of variance of various phenology, yield and yield components of the 21chickpea germplasm accessions in the field experiments during 2004–2005, and 2005–2006. https://scispace.com/papers/trajectory-occlusion-handling-with-multiple-view-distance-2jibpmlxew 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-snapshot-of-camera-1-b-snapshot-of-camera-2-3suwndcb.png Fig. 6 a Snapshot of camera 1. b Snapshot of camera 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-original-image-b-segmentation-with-floor-points-u1-3glfo8r8.png Fig. 1 a Original image. b Segmentation with floor points u1 and u2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ground-truth-2-d-trajectories-of-two-agen-with-the-two-zrkt52a8.png Fig. 7 Ground truth 2-D trajectories of two agen with the two camera views overlapping. 3-D traje e camera 2; f the two camera views overlap https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pinhole-camera-model-3qlef1jr.png Fig. 2 Pinhole camera model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-trajectories-points-of-one-camera-in-a-joint-ground-37422qk0.png Fig. 4 a Trajectories’ points of one camera in a joint ground plane. b Trajectories’ points of two cameras overlapped in a joint ground plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-unlabeled-trajectories-points-in-a-joint-ground-plane-3fwllmu1.png Fig. 5 Unlabeled trajectories’ points in a joint ground plane. https://scispace.com/papers/trajectory-synthesis-and-optimization-of-an-underactuated-257qlck9bm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-bifurcation-diagram-for-the-variation-laws-of-qz2vifp9.png Fig. 6. Bifurcation diagram for the variation laws of 𝜐. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-vibro-driven-underactuated-36w9jvhc.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the vibro-driven underactuated microrobotic system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-trajectory-parameters-1kzbad4e.png Table 1. Trajectory parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-trajectory-tracking-performance-3r1e53jv.png Fig. 8. Trajectory tracking performance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-profile-for-the-synchronized-velocity-4iimhrwg.png Fig. 3. Schematic profile for the synchronized velocity trajectory. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-histories-of-the-periodic-motion-of-the-2bchsbej.png Fig. 2. Time histories of the periodic motion of the microrobotic system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-control-inputs-for-five-motion-cycles-371yuguo.png Fig. 10. Control inputs for five motion cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-system-performance-for-five-motion-cycles-1warehr3.png Fig. 9. System performance for five motion cycles. https://scispace.com/papers/trans-tasman-migration-transnationalism-and-economic-5g9r2id82s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-trans-tasman-born-as-a-percentage-of-the-host-31ei9wd9.png Figure 2: The Trans-Tasman Born as a Percentage of the Host Population, 1871-2006 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-plt-trans-tasman-migration-as-a-percentage-of-the-1ojnnkgl.png Figure 4: PLT Trans-Tasman Migration as a Percentage of the New Zealand Population, 1950-2009 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-intercensal-inter-island-migration-in-new-zealand-1wsvlbge.png Figure 5: Intercensal Inter-Island Migration in New Zealand, 1966-71 to 2001-06 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-real-gdp-per-capita-australia-new-zealand-and-oecd-3f4aqhhv.png Figure 3: Real GDP per Capita: Australia, New Zealand and OECD, 1950-2004 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-plt-trans-tasman-migration-of-persons-aged-65-and-2cfehq83.png Figure 6: PLT Trans-Tasman Migration of Persons Aged 65 and Over, 1979-2009 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-trans-tasman-born-population-1881-2006-1krggwc6.png Figure 1: The Trans-Tasman Born Population, 1881-2006 https://scispace.com/papers/trajectory-model-validation-using-newly-developed-altitude-5buosl2lyg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cmet-balloon-altitude-control-system-from-voss-et-1th5xmxd.png Figure 4. CMET balloon altitude control system [from Voss et al., 2005]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cmet-tracking-balloon-after-launch-on-2-august-2004-1h0vzu5g.png Figure 3. CMET tracking balloon after launch on 2 August 2004. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-flight-track-of-cmet-balloon-040720-dotted-dark-tos4y4ph.png Figure 8. Flight track of CMET balloon 040720 (dotted dark shaded line) and the NOAA smart balloon (dotted light shaded line), with nearby wind profiler stations (crosses) and NOAA P3 aircraft vertical transect locations (circles) from 20 and 21 July 2004. Solid symbols indicate the presence of a low-level jet in the wind observations, while light shaded symbols indicate its absence. Corresponding vertical wind speed profiles are shown in Figure 9. Horizontal P3 transects at approximately 500 m (not shown) also observed the narrow jet off the coast of Nova Scotia. These observations bound the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the jet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-diagram-showing-the-relationship-between-the-178gz230.png Figure 5. Diagram showing the relationship between the incremental and total trajectory errors at a given iteration of the trajectory equation. The total trajectory error vector, Ei, is the vector displacement between the real and model trajectories at a given point in time. The incremental error, DEi, is the vector difference between the real and modeled trajectory displacement vectors for a single iteration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-errors-for-five-icartt-flights-and-a-set-2lu22f5g.png Table 1. Summary of Errors for Five ICARTT Flights and a Set of Thirteen 12-Hour Trajectoriesa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cmet-balloon-and-model-trajectories-for-the-flight-3bexkjki.png Figure 7. CMET balloon and model trajectories for the flight beginning on 9 August 2004. The ECMWF and GFS model trajectories diverge after 36 hours as the result of a cold front passage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-incremental-error-per-unit-timestep-dei-dt-versus-v3ncin7u.png Figure 11. Incremental error per unit timestep (DEi/Dt) versus the trajectory traveltime. The solid lines show the total magnitude of the incremental error, while shaded lines show only the component that contributes to the total error growth ((DEi Ei)/Dt). Since the cumulative error (Ei) increases monotonically with time (Figure 10), the larger traveltimes correspond, on average, with larger absolute separation between the balloon and model trajectories. As in Figure 10, the incremental errors are calculated on the basis of averaging thirteen 12-hour trajectories. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-and-b-average-absolute-horizontal-transport-2k6q5geh.png Figure 10. (a and b) Average absolute horizontal transport deviation (AHTD) error and (c and d) average relative horizontal transport deviation (RHTD) error for thirteen 12-hour trajectories based on ECMWF and GFS 1.0 wind fields. A single standard deviation above and below the mean is indicated with dashed shaded lines. https://scispace.com/papers/trajectory-surface-hopping-study-of-the-li-li2-x1sg-2ypzedpvrt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-energetics-for-the-li-li2-ktitg24p.png Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the energetics for the Li+ Li2(X1Σg+) dissociation reaction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-dissociative-cross-sections-foretr-25-kcal-mol-1-as-1vgskuvx.png Figure 7. Dissociative cross sections forEtr ) 25 kcal mol-1 as a function of the initial vibrational quantum numberV: (s and b) adiabatic dissociation; (‚‚‚ andO) nonadiabatic dissociation; (- - -) total. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-typical-surface-hopping-trajectories-leading-to-221qxgdz.png Figure 3. Typical surface hopping trajectories leading to dissociation via lower sheet [panel a] and upper sheet [panel b]. The arrow indicates the hop occurring along the trajectory. Note that the three distances become large at the end of the trajectories. https://scispace.com/papers/transaction-chopping-for-parallel-snapshot-isolation-4e8oras6v7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-chopping-transactions-3f4fluln.png Fig. 1. Example of chopping transactions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-consistency-axioms-of-psi-stated-for-an-execution-a-e-20baion5.png Fig. 4. Consistency axioms of PSI, stated for an execution A = ((E, op, co,∼), hb). All free variables are universally quantified. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-an-illustration-of-the-difference-between-the-chopping-pvgmi7za.png Fig. 8. An illustration of the difference between the chopping criteria for PSI and serialisability: programs, their static chopping graph and an example execution. The variables a and b are local. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-static-chopping-graphs-for-the-programs-a-p1-and-b-p2-29ukuh7w.png Fig. 7. Static chopping graphs for the programs (a) P1 and (b) P2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-abstract-executions-illustrating-psi-guarantees-and-3rc4391v.png Fig. 5. Abstract executions illustrating PSI guarantees and anomalies. The boxes group events into transactions. We omit the transitive consequences of the co and hb edges shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pseudocode-of-the-idealised-psi-algorithm-at-replica-r-2092v582.png Fig. 2. Pseudocode of the idealised PSI algorithm at replica r. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-an-execution-produced-by-the-programsp1-and-its-2dqykl4n.png Fig. 6. An execution produced by the programsP1 and its derived relations. Initially acct1 = 50 and acct2 = 0. We omit the transitive consequences of the hb edges shown. The dashed edges show the dynamic chopping graph, with S, P, A, D denoting edge types. The dotted edges show additional happens-before edges that define a splicing of the execution (Definition 6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-example-execution-of-the-operational-psi-6pm30cbu.png Fig. 3. An example execution of the operational PSI specification. https://scispace.com/papers/transaction-specific-investments-and-organizational-choice-a-1iyd5mlalg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-coasian-framework-for-organizational-choice-1a7uibnu.png Figure 1. Coasian framework for organizational choice https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-outcomes-under-the-various-organizational-forms-24h9f64q.png Table 1. Outcomes under the various organizational forms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-regions-where-different-organizational-forms-3h1rvxgq.png Figure 3. Regions where different organizational forms dominate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ranges-for-production-and-non-production-under-2y0upf5l.png Figure 2. Ranges for production and non-production under vertical integration. https://scispace.com/papers/transbronchial-biopsy-results-according-to-diffuse-27ygglj5u2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-percentage-of-diagnoses-for-each-method-and-percentage-2pn6mc4k.png Fig 1. Percentage of diagnoses for each method and percentage of patients not diagnosed by either of the two biopsy methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multidisciplinary-meeting-mdm-diagnoses-by-biopsy-1yoy6ko0.png Table 2. Multidisciplinary Meeting (MDM) diagnoses by biopsy technique. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-diagnostic-yield-for-multidisciplinary-committee-ftu4c3wc.png Table 3. Diagnostic yield for multidisciplinary committee review of diagnoses by biopsy technique. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-different-airway-management-approaches-to-2niqieoe.png Fig 2. Different airway management approaches to transbronchial biopsy with cryoprobe and placement of the occlusion balloon. (a) Intubation using a bronchoscope and a flexible endotracheal tube (Bronchoflex 7.5 mm, Rüsch, Teleflex Medical, Durham, NC, USA). (b) Intubation and occlusion balloon insertion using a rigid bronchoscope. (c) Intubation and occlusion balloon insertion using a laryngeal mask. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-number-of-complications-according-to-biopsy-3bsmnc1u.png Table 5. Number of complications according to biopsy technique. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-124-included-patients-16o3g93l.png Table 1. Baseline characteristics of 124 included patients with suspected ILD. https://scispace.com/papers/transceiver-design-and-multihop-d2d-for-uav-iot-coverage-in-43q7p2obwz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-demonstration-of-the-spr-algorithm-2j8k8qt3.png Fig. 2. Demonstration of the SPR algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-the-expected-outage-probability-with-32azv7ds.png Fig. 6. Comparison of the expected outage probability with different transmit power of each device for the uplink and downlink. Psum = 10 mW, λD = 0.001, ε = −6 dB, σ2 = −110 dBm, ϕ = 0.98 and N = 100. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-architecture-of-the-uav-and-d2d-communication-system-5jwzejfh.png Fig. 1. Architecture of the UAV and D2D communication system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sum-rate-comparison-of-the-optimal-transceiver-design-3nd4ykyk.png Fig. 8. Sum rate comparison of the optimal transceiver design for the downlink transmission with different number of antennas equipped at the UAV, when the background power is varying. Psum = 10 mW. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-overall-outage-probability-comparison-of-uav-downlink-2xo3kngj.png Fig. 9. Overall outage probability comparison of UAV downlink and multihop D2D link with different transmit power of each device. N = 100, M = 6, σ2 = −110 dBm, ε = −6 dB and Psum = 10 mW. https://scispace.com/papers/transcending-borders-objects-on-the-move-1hqlvfsl37 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-broken-pottery-in-looters-back-dirt-pile-modiin-209wq73i.png Figure 2. Broken Pottery in looters’ back dirt pile, Modi’in. Photo coutesy of the author https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-israeli-and-pa-looting-pyramid-after-ganor-2003-1s5y2c3k.png Figure 1. Israeli and PA looting pyramid (after Ganor 2003) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-make-shift-homes-of-palestinian-construction-3942j5x5.png Figure 3. Make-shift homes of Palestinian construction workers. Photo courtesy of the author https://scispace.com/papers/transcription-factor-maff-maf-basic-leucine-zipper-3ekgo2fj0s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-volcano-plot-of-the-p-values-y-axis-vs-the-log2-si7wdt1e.png Figure 6. Volcano plot of the p-values (y-axis) vs. the log2 protein abundance differences (x-axis) of 2 Maff binding partners in AML12 cells identified by ChIP-MS under (A) homeostatic conditions, (B) 3 after Maff siRNA knockdown (which led to a 91% decrease on protein level), (C) LPS stimulation and 4 (D) Maff siRNA knockdown in combination with LPS stimulation. Significant Maff interaction partners 5 were highlighted in blue. Enrichment of binding partners is provided as fold difference compared to 6 negative control (IgG) in panel A and C and compared to control (Maff WT) after siRNA knockdown 7 in panel B and D. C: control (Maff WT); IgG: nonspecific IgG served as negative control. 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-lps-stimulation-led-to-a-significant-increase-of-383pioce.png Figure 7. LPS stimulation led to a significant increase of BACH1/Bach1 expression in mouse AML12 2 cells (A) and human Hep3b cells (B) compared to controls (vehicle). (C) The heat map of z-scored Maff 3 ChIP-MS visualises LFQ intensities of selected Maff interactors in extracts from AML12 cells under 4 homeostatic conditions (Ctrl), LPS stimulation (Ctrl+LPS), after Maff siRNA knockdown (siRNA) and 5 after Maff siRNA knockdown in combination with LPS stimulation (siRNA+LPS). Provided are 6 adjusted p-values. *** indicates p<0.001, ** indicates p<0.01, * indicates p<0.05. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-liver-specific-regulatory-subnetworks-and-their-key-w95w9hkw.png Figure 2. Liver specific regulatory subnetworks and their key driver genes. The key driver analysis was 2 performed on human and mouse networks respectively and the architecture of the illustrated network is 3 based on both, mouse and human data. Key drivers are depicted as the largest nodes in the networks. 4 All genes highlighted in solid green have already been studied to have a significant effect on 5 atherosclerosis in genetically engineered mouse models. Human CAD GWAS candidate genes are 6 highlighted in magenta. Key driver genes in grey need to be validated. Genes with both colors have an 7 effect on atherosclerosis/CAD in human and mouse. Lower right: The MAFF network is the top ranked 8 key driver gene network based on mouse data and closely connected to other human key driver 9 subnetworks. Directionality between genes was based on the consensus of directional predictions from 10 Bayesian networks constructed from different datasets, with the directionality predicted by the majority 11 of studies shown. Red arrows indicate genes that are predicted to regulate MAFF, whereas green arrows 12 indicate genes that are predicted to be regulated by the transcription factor MAFF. CAD: coronary artery 13 disease; GWAS: Genome wide association study; Human KD: Human key driver gene; Mouse KD: 14 Mouse key driver gene; MAFF: v-Maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog F.15 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-workflow-human-and-mouse-atherosclerosis-2f3hli7e.png Figure 1. Study workflow: Human and mouse atherosclerosis candidate genes were used to first model 3 liver specific regulatory networks and second decipher key driver genes of gene regulatory networks in 4 both species. Prediction of bioinformatics modeling was validated in human and mouse genetic studies 5 as well as in in vitro and in vivo experiments. CAD: Coronary artery disease; GWAS: Genome wide 6 association study. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-correlation-of-expression-levels-of-maff-in-human-236f7i7e.png Figure 3. Correlation of expression levels of MAFF in human liver samples from the Stockholm-Tartu 2 Atherosclerosis Reverse Network Engineering Task (STARNET) with A: LDLR and B: Sex. ** 3 indicates p<0.01. LDLR: low-density lipoprotein receptor; MAFF: v-Maf avian musculoaponeurotic 4 fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog F; RPKM: Reads per kilobase million.5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-role-of-the-transcription-factor-maff-in-2i246962.png Figure 8. The role of the transcription factor MAFF in activation or repression of the LDLR is based on 2 heterodimerisation partners and environmental conditions. MAFF heterodimers bind at the MAF 3 recognition element (MARE) of the LDLR promoter and execute regulation of the LDLR. Under basal 4 conditions 1) MAFF knockdown/knockout led to reduced LDLR expression, 2) elevated MAFF 5 expression was correlated with higher expression of LDLR in a human CAD cohort (STARNET) and 6 in wildtype mice of the hybrid mouse diversity panel (HMDP), 3) Overexpression of Maff using plasmid 7 DNA transfection led to increased Ldlr expression in vitro. In the presence of LPS stimulation MAFF-8 BACH1 heterodimers result in downregulation of the LDLR in vivo. HMDP mice on atherogenic 9 background (transgenic expression of human APOE-Leiden and cholesteryl ester transfer protein 10 (CETP)) showed increased inflammation and revealed that elevated Maff expression correlates with 11 lower Ldlr expression. BACH1: BTB domain and CNC Homolog 1; MAFF: v-Maf avian 12 musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog F; MARE: Maf recognition element; LDLR: low-13 density lipoprotein receptor; LPS: lipopolysaccharide. 14 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-in-vitro-results-of-ldlr-expression-after-sirna-2xr9oha6.png Figure 4. A: In vitro results of Ldlr expression after siRNA-knockdown of Maff compared to controls 2 (vehicle) in mouse AML12 liver cells. B: In vitro results of LDLR expression after siRNA-knockdown 3 of MAFF compared to controls (vehicle) in human Hep3b liver cells. C: In vitro results of Ldlr 4 expression cells after Maff overexpression compared to controls (vehicle) in mouse AML12. D: In vivo 5 results of Ldlr expression in Maff-/- mice compared to Maff+/- and WT mice. E: In vivo results of Maff 6 expression in Maff WT mice 6 hours after LPS stimulation compared to controls (vehicle). F: In vivo 7 results of Ldlr expression in Maff WT mice 6 hours after LPS stimulation compared to controls (vehicle). 8 G: In vivo results of Tnfa expression in Maff WT and Maff-/- mice 6 hours after LPS stimulation 9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-listed-are-the-top-10-key-driver-genes-detected-in-289t16l6.png Table 1. Listed are the top 10 key driver genes detected in human and mouse liver networks based on 1 the bioinformatics approach. Several genes have already been studied and confirmed with regard to 2 atherosclerosis/CAD. FDR: False discovery rate. 3 https://scispace.com/papers/transcranial-direct-current-stimulation-tdcs-of-the-inferior-46cflmz0n9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-stimuli-in-3d-scenario-a-the-other-rf-b-the-object-rf-31u1tbhg.png Fig. 1 Stimuli in 3D scenario: a the other RF, b the object RF https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-during-tdcs-in-relation-to-perspective-taking-1oszjox4.png Fig. 3 Results during tDCS in relation to Perspective Taking (PT): a JTT(other-object) index in the high PT group during the three sessions (sham, cathodal, anodal); b JTT(otherobject) index in the low PT group. Asterisk significant difference (p < .05) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-results-a-jtt-other-object-index-during-tdcs-in-the-7ldiminv.png Fig. 2 Results: a JTT(other-object) index during tDCS in the three tDCS sessions (sham, cathodal, anodal); b JTT(other-object) index post-tDCS. *Significant difference (p < .05) https://scispace.com/papers/transcription-profile-unveils-the-cardioprotective-effect-of-2hv6lw6zyg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-aspalathin-prevented-high-glucose-induced-impaired-34ndx6uo.png Figure 1. Aspalathin prevented high glucose-induced impaired cardiac substrate metabolism by reducing the uptake and oxidation of free fatty acids. (A) Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database confirmed a strong interaction between aspalathin treatment and genes associated with lipid transport, lipid and fatty acid metabolism, relevant to dysregulation of intracellular lipid accumulation and fatty acid oxidation; (B) Representative diagram of the proposed modulating regulatory mechanisms of aspalathin against increased lipid accumulation and oxidation. Adipoq: adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing; Cd36: cluster of differentiation 36; Cpt1: carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1; Fabp3: fatty acid binding protein 3; FAO: fatty acid oxidation; FFAs: free fatty acids; Pparγ: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ; Scd1: stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1; Srebf1/2: sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1/2; TAG: triacylglycerides. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-aspalathin-prevented-high-glucose-induced-2hee8cj1.png Figure 3. Aspalathin prevented high glucose-induced inflammation. (A) STRING database analysis confirmed a strong interaction between aspalathin treatment and genes associated with inflammation; (B) Representative diagram of the proposed protective mechanism of aspalathin against high glucose induced inflammation. Cd44: cluster of differentiation 44; Il3: interleukin 3; Il6: interleukin 6; Map2k1: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1; Socs3: suppressor of cytokine signaling 3; Tnf: tumor necrosis factor; Vegfa: vascular endothelial growth factor A. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-aspalathin-on-blood-lipid-profiles-and-3acsi8k8.png Table 1. Effect of aspalathin on blood lipid profiles and HOMA-IR. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-aspalathin-on-the-transcriptional-profile-2mmsh5sc.png Table 2. Effect of aspalathin on the transcriptional profile of genes involved in metabolic processes. https://scispace.com/papers/transcription-factor-e2f-is-required-for-efficient-571bwxigc6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mpe-footprinting-analysis-of-the-major-e2f-complex-1lcm4pyv.png FIG. 4. MPE footprinting analysis of the major E2F complex with the DHFR promoter. The -103 to -17 DHFR promoter fragment was digested with KpnI-HindIII or EcoRI-PstI to selectively label the upper and the lower strand, respectively. These probes were then used in binding reactions with HeLa nuclear extract. These reactions were partially digested with MPE and separated on 4% native polyacrylamide gels. Shifted bands corresponding to the major E2F complex on the upper strand or the lower strand were excised from the gels. DNA from the complexes and the free probe bands was then eluted and resolved on 8% sequencing gels. Protected regions of the promoter are indicated by the DNA sequence. https://scispace.com/papers/transcriptional-interference-in-toehold-switch-based-rna-1r5vzw89nc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-xor-switching-experiments-a-switching-from-i0a0-to-1p9htp7b.png Figure 5: XOR switching experiments. (A) Switching from I0a0 to I0.5a0 causes a signal increase in the YFP channel but not in the CFP channel. (B) The system can be switched off again. (C) Transition between the dominant regions (I0a200 to I0.5a0). (D) Transition to the intermediate state at I0.5a200 starting at I0a200. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-in-the-inactive-state-of-a-ts-the-ribosome-2axfzofo.png Figure 1: (A) In the inactive state of a TS, the ribosome-binding site is hidden in an RNA hairpin loop and is 98 thus inaccessible for the ribosome. Tr binds the toehold, opens the secondary structure via a strand 99 displacement process and therefore activates gene expression. AT can counter-act Tr by sequestering 100 excess Tr via direct hybridization (thresholding), or by removing Tr from activated trigger-toehold switch 101 complex via toehold-mediated strand displacement. (B) Promoter arrangements of the pTet designs (left). A 102 tandem design without overlapping transcription cassettes was tested as reference system. In the convergent 103 design the trigger/anti-trigger sequence is embedded between the two promoters, the transcription 104 terminators are downstream of the converging promoters. A second convergent promoter design was cloned, 105 which is extended in one direction by a ribozyme and a second anti-trigger sequence. In contrast to the 106 convergent pTet and T2AT pTet design, the distances between adjacent promoters are large in the tandem 107 pTet design. (right) All promoter arrangements were also tested with exchanged promoters referred to as 108 pLac designs or tandem pLac, convergent pLac and T2AT pLac. The distance between pLac and pTet is 109 large in the tandem pLac design, the distances between all other adjacent promoters are small. 110 https://scispace.com/papers/transcriptional-profiling-of-human-gingival-fibroblasts-in-1t8v4t6738 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-enrichment-analysis-by-go-processes-a-comparison-bf-2f6evwz8.png Table 4. Enrichment analysis by GO Processes A. Comparison BF versus Control GO Process Regulated genes P value 1. Cellular metabolic process 229/5957 1.277E-47 2. Primary metabolic process 225/5920 2.401E-45 3. Metabolic process 238/6785 3.795E-43 4. Nitrogen compound metabolic process 198/4772 5.128E-43 5. Macromolecule metabolic process 216/5674 1.482E-42 6. Biosynthetic process 192/4538 2.005E-42 7. Macromolecule biosynthetic process 186/4277 2.576E-42 8. Nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process 194/4657 5.090E-42 9. Cellular biosynthetic process 190/4486 7.320E-42 10. Cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process 182/4163 2.204E-41 https://scispace.com/papers/transcriptional-profile-of-pyramidal-neurons-in-chronic-1r2misvup0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-subject-demographics-2lmf67me.png Table 1: Subject demographics https://scispace.com/papers/transcriptional-regulation-of-androgen-receptor-gene-4d3yewbdk7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-fsh-dbcamp-and-r1881-on-ar-mrna-expression-3lyur6yw.png Fig. 3. Effect of FSH, dbcAMP and R1881 on AR mRNA expression in cultured peritubular myoid cells. Peritubular myoid cells from 15-day-old rats were cultured in the presence of ovine FSH-S16 (500 ng/ml), dbcAMP (0.5 mM) or R1881 (lo-” M) for different time periods, as described in the legend to Fig. 2. For Northern analysis, 20 Kg of total RNA was applied per lane and analyzed using a human AR cDNA probe (A); a hamster actin cDNA probe (B) and a rat GAPDH cDNA probe (C) were used to verify whether equal amounts of mRNA were applied to each lane on the gel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-luciferase-activity-in-whole-cell-lysates-from-hte2lr67.png Fig. 5. Luciferase activity in whole cell lysates from transfected Sertoli cells. The Sertoli cells were transfected with different constructs (construct numbers are presented below the figure), and cultured in the presence of dbcAMP (0.5 mM) or R1881 (lo-’ M). C = control; D = cultured for 24 h in the presence of dbcAMP; R = cultured for 24 h in the presence of R1881. The activity of constructs 6 and 7 was very low. The luciferase activity was measured in four different transfections in one representative https://scispace.com/papers/transcriptional-profiling-of-the-murine-airway-response-to-27gzpr2c0z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-number-of-differentially-enriched-gene-sets-by-9ot4nozo.png Table 4. The number of differentially enriched gene sets, by tissue compartment and treatment comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-number-of-differentially-expressed-genes-by-2hxlrpbg.png Table 1. The number of differentially expressed genes, by tissue compartment and treatment comparison. All genes had an absolute fold-change cutoff of 2 (i.e., absolute log2FC > 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-top-50-most-differentially-expressed-genes-25-1ef4u5mk.png Table 2. Top 50 most differentially expressed genes (25 downregulated, 25 upregulated) for each treatment comparison within conducting airways. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-top-50-most-differentially-enriched-gene-sets-25-1igzaf7d.png Table 5. Top 50 most differentially enriched gene sets (25 down, 25 up) for each treatment comparison within conducting airways. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-top-50-most-differentially-enriched-gene-sets-25-14q5ktbx.png Table 6. Top 50 most differentially enriched gene sets (25 down, 25 up) for each treatment comparison within airway macrophages. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-top-50-most-differentially-expressed-genes-25-14ifsq6v.png Table 3. Top 50 most differentially expressed genes (25 downregulated, 25 upregulated) for each treatment comparison within airway macrophages. https://scispace.com/papers/transcriptome-wide-spatial-rna-profiling-maps-the-cellular-svontkj9st 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-b-c-for-our-chosen-differential-expression-method-1f2i14xa.png Figure 5: [a], [b], [c]: For our chosen differential expression method (WilcoxonCC1), the number of returned genes does not vary much as the number of factors, the prior uncertainty in the background noise or the overdispersion paramter is varied. [d] However, for all methods, the number of returned genes increases when we rely less on prior knowledge (negative probe counts) to determine the real expression level and more on the structure found in the data. 11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-using-19-pcws-biological-and-technical-replicate-1-u6fowdm9.png Figure 2: Using 19 pcws biological and technical replicate 1, the figure shows the mean counts of each gene in the data on the y-axis, plotted against its prior expected expression on the x-axis. Both values are normalized for nuclei counts. By inspection values match up for each gene, so our prior expectations for the specific (Arg) and non-specific binding binding component in our model (Brg) are consistent with the data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-wta-accurately-maps-spatial-cell-type-markers-and-3c8ukimb.png Figure 2: Using 19 pcws biological and technical replicate 1, the figure shows the mean counts of each gene in the data on the y-axis, plotted against its prior expected expression on the x-axis. Both values are normalized for nuclei counts. By inspection values match up for each gene, so our prior expectations for the specific (Arg) and non-specific binding binding component in our model (Brg) are consistent with the data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-optimization-history-across-all-300000-dizu7844.png Figure 3: Example of optimization history across all 300,000 iterations. 19 pcw biological case 1, technical replicate1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-an-example-of-counts-for-one-negative-probe-3dv9812d.png Figure 1: [a] An example of counts for one negative probe across different ROIs/AOIs (different slides indicated by different colours). This example probe is the one with highest counts overall. A strong linear relationship with total counts in each ROI/AOI is evident. The slope is 590 counts per 107 total counts. [b] An example of counts for one negative probe across different ROIs/AOIs (different slides indicated by different colours). This example probe is the one with lowest counts overall. A linear relationship with total counts in each ROI/AOI is evident. The slope is 45 counts per 107 total counts. [c] The distribution of linear slopes for all negative probes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wta-in-the-fetal-human-brain-a-nanostring-wta-2zz30d3n.png Figure 1: [a] An example of counts for one negative probe across different ROIs/AOIs (different slides indicated by different colours). This example probe is the one with highest counts overall. A strong linear relationship with total counts in each ROI/AOI is evident. The slope is 590 counts per 107 total counts. [b] An example of counts for one negative probe across different ROIs/AOIs (different slides indicated by different colours). This example probe is the one with lowest counts overall. A linear relationship with total counts in each ROI/AOI is evident. The slope is 45 counts per 107 total counts. [c] The distribution of linear slopes for all negative probes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cell-type-specific-wta-profiling-a-geomx-custom-279pb8gp.png Figure 4: Cell type-specific WTA profiling. a, GeoMX custom image segmentation strategy. Bulk ROIs were segmented into cell type-specific masks on the basis of intensity thresholding of RNAscope smFISH staining. Rings of 5 μm radius surrounding masked cells provide a reference to assess efficiency and specificity of mask-oriented photocleavage. Scale bars, left 2 mm, middle 1 mm, right 100 μm. b, Gene expression detection sensitivity in segmented AOIs for both technical replicates of 21 GW case 1. LoD was defined as the mean plus 2 standard deviations of the negative probe counts in an AOI, calculated using log2 counts. c, (Left) differential expression analysis between HOPX+ and EOMES+ AOIs using the nonparametric Wilcoxon Rank Sum test on corrected counts returns 542 genes (FDR < 0.05). (Right) position of oRG and IP markers from scRNA-seq16 showing their enrichment in HOPX+ and EOMES+ AOIs, respectively. d, Analysis of AOI cell composition by cell2location-WTA indicates strong enrichment of targeted cell populations: oRGs in HOPX+ AOIs; and IPs, PgS and PgG2M in EOMES+ AOIs. Shown is the mean decomposition of ten segmented ROIs for one technical replicate of 21 GW case 1, relative to neighbouring bulk ROI data. The two most superficial HOPX+ AOIs were excluded due to the lack of HOPX+ oRGs in the VZ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spatial-mapping-of-cortical-cell-types-using-15kzbgo8.png Figure 3: Example of optimization history across all 300,000 iterations. 19 pcw biological case 1, technical replicate1. https://scispace.com/papers/transcultural-transdiagnostic-and-concurrent-validity-of-a-2whg9e8zna 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rational-for-item-removal-to-create-the-mascs-r-3vqmkrc9.png Table 2: Rational for item removal to create the MaSCS-R https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-factor-loadings-for-principal-components-analysis-31lefzu2.png Table 3: Factor loadings for principal components analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-p-mash-and-n-mur-descriptive-statistics-and-21o8woqm.png Table 4: P-MASH and N-MUR descriptive statistics and configural and metric invariance across the three study samples P-MASH N-MUR RMSEA https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-characteristics-for-all-samples-16jkf311.png Table 1: Participant characteristics for all samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-multi-group-spearmans-rho-correlation-matrix-1t6af6i8.png Table 5: Multi-group Spearman’s rho correlation matrix https://scispace.com/papers/transdisciplinary-research-partnerships-in-sustainability-1t7cdweo31 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-empirical-model-variables-descriptive-statistics-30nf9308.png Table 2 Empirical model variables: descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-community-university-research-partnership-strategy-1hi5syy3.png Table 1 Community-university research partnership strategy options https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-predicted-likelihood-of-choosing-a-specific-2pdc4x80.png Figure 5 Predicted likelihood of choosing a specific participation strategy, by respondent level of general trust of university researchers. Based on the respondent: works in a municipality with a population of 5600 and 12.6 miles away from a university, has no experience with university researchers and perceives them as not helpful, all problem types are not a problem, and agrees that university researchers share their values and are knowledgeable. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-predicted-likelihood-of-choosing-a-specific-1vdfy0h2.png Figure 4 Predicted likelihood of choosing a specific participation strategy, given respondent views of the seriousness of different types of problems. Based on the respondent: works in a municipality with a population of 5600 and 12.6 miles away from a university, has no experience with university researchers and perceives them as not helpful, perceives others as not helpful, trusts university researchers a lot and agrees that university researchers share their values and are knowledgeable. Further, issues not a problem assumes all problem types are not a problem/debated, for all other results above, the issues that are a serious problem assumes all other problems are not a problem. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-b-predicted-likelihood-of-choosing-a-specific-3e0yhtwo.png Figure 6 a, b Predicted likelihood of choosing a specific participation strategy, by respondent level of trust in university researchers sharing respondent values, or by respondent level of trust in university researchers technical knowledge. Based on the respondent: works in a municipality with a population of 5600 and 12.6 miles away from a university, has no experience with university researchers and perceives them as not helpful, all problem types are not a problem, and does not trust university researchers. Further, results related to: trust in values assumes trust in knowledge is low and trust in knowledge assumes trust in values is low. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-model-stakeholder-participation-strategy-7orowv2m.png Figure 1 Conceptual model: stakeholder participation strategy preferences in community-university partnerships https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-b-predicted-likelihood-of-choosing-a-specific-4b2qfr1p.png Figure 3 a, b Predicted likelihood of choosing a specific participation strategy, given respondent views of the helpfulness of the other researchers. Based on the respondent: works in a municipality with a population of 5600 and 12.6 miles away from a university, has no experience with university researchers and perceives them as not helpful, all problem types are not a problem, trusts university researchers a lot and agrees that university researchers share their values and are knowledgeable. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predicted-likelihood-of-choosing-a-specific-3eipx4jo.png Figure 2 Predicted likelihood of choosing a specific participation strategy, by respondent experience with university researchers and their view of the helpfulness of the researchers. Based on the respondent: works in a municipality with a population of 5600 and 12.6 miles away from a university, perceives others as not helpful, all problem types are not a problem, trusts university researchers a lot and agrees that university researchers share their values and are knowledgeable. https://scispace.com/papers/transduction-of-baculovirus-vectors-to-queen-honeybees-apis-ynlrg6pyrj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-queen-pupae-at-3-days-after-inoculation-with-2juvr96t.png Figure 2. Queen pupae at 3 days after inoculation with baculovirus vectors at a titer of 1×105 IFU. Queen pupae were injected with PBS (a, b, i, j, q, r), WT/GFP virus (c, d, k, l, s, t), 64+/GFP virus (e, f, m, n, u, v), or VP1/GFP virus (g, h, o, p, w, x). Arrow heads indicate the injected points. a–h Outward appearances of injected pupae. i–p Internal views of the dissected abdominal region. q–x Removed ovaries from injected pupae. Punctate signals on the ovaries indicated by the arrows were not derived from the ovaries but from the remnant fat body cells attached to the ovaries. Bars indicate a scale of 5 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rt-pcr-used-to-assess-gfp-expression-in-the-fat-16jszmum.png Figure 4. RT-PCR used to assess GFP expression in the fat bodies of adult queen honeybees. The queen honeybees were infected with WT/GFP at 1×105 IFU or PBS at the pupal stage, and their fat bodies were collected at 24–48 h after the final ecdysis. Bands of expected size were amplified from cDNA synthesized with reverse transcriptase (RT+), but not from negative controls (RT−). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gfp-expression-in-adult-queen-honeybees-inoculated-1x4d56gz.png Figure 3. GFP expression in adult queen honeybees inoculated with baculovirus vectors at a titer of 1×105 IFU at the pupal stage. The queen honeybees were injected with PBS (a, b, i, j), WT/GFP virus (c, d, k, l), 64+/GFP virus (e, f, m, n), or VP1/GFP virus (g, h, o, p). a–h Internal views of the dissected abdominal region. i–p Removed ovaries from adult queen honeybees. Arrows indicate punctate signals derived from the remnant fat body cells attached to the ovaries. Bars indicate a scale of 5 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-baculovirus-vectors-inoculated-into-queen-honeybees-2d88y15l.png Figure 1. Baculovirus vectors inoculated into queen honeybees. a Structures of insertion sequences used. WT/GFP carries a GFP expression cassette comprising a cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene promoter (PCMV), Aequorea coerulescens GFP gene (AcGFP1) and SV40 poly(A) signal. The GP64 overexpression cassette in 64+/GFP consists of the polyhedrin promoter (PPH), gp64 coding sequence, and SV40 poly(A) signal. VP1/GFP has the deformed wing virus (DWV) VP1 coding sequence in the 64+/GFP cassette between the GP64 signal peptide sequence (SP) and GP64 mature protein sequence. b Western blot analysis of Sf9 cells infected with recombinant baculoviruses. Sf9 cells were subjected to Western blot analysis using an anti-GP64 monoclonal antibody at 3 days after infection with recombinant baculoviruses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-eclosion-rates-and-fluorescence-in-queen-honeybees-2ugajjx0.png Table I. Eclosion rates and fluorescence in queen honeybees abdominally injected with baculovirus vectors at the pupal stage. https://scispace.com/papers/transduction-of-gluconeogenic-enzymes-prolongs-cone-7jldfugli4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-yjafu2ol.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-metabolic-rationale-for-2ba6qhc7.png Figure 1: Metabolic rationale for https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-aav-vectors-for-expression-of-m1jlfult.png Figure 2: AAV vectors for expression of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effects-of-1t2n6b7i.png Figure 4: Effects of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effects-of-3uc85c4o.png Figure 3: Effects of https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2bwqy9um.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/transferability-of-multipole-charge-density-parameters-1rtp6u7nm3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dynamic-deformation-electron-density-map-in-the-plane-2szrhqjz.png Fig. 5. Dynamic deformation electron-density map in the plane of the peptide bond Aib2-Lys(Bz)3. Contours: same as in Fig. 4. The thick line represents a contracted van der Waals surface of the molecule (atomic radii multiplied by 0.7). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-transfered-multipole-populations-for-the-different-3htudym9.png Table 2. Transfered multipole populations for the different atom types https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-evolution-of-the-crystallographic-residual-factors-wr-r4ne4gan.png Fig. 3. Evolution of the crystallographic residual factors wR and wR free during the re®nement. The variables re®ned are shown under the x axis. wR = [ P w Fobs ÿ kFcalc 2= P wF2obs 1=2; w 1= 2 Fobs . https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-some-bond-lengths-in-the-lbz-structure-after-re-r-27jwrgha.png Table 3. Some bond lengths in the LBZ structure after re®nement I and II and comparison with the Engh & Huber (1991) dictionary (AÊ 103) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-i-i-ratio-percentage-of-re-ections-with-i-i-3-27gadnje.png Fig. 2. Average I/ (I) ratio, percentage of re¯ections with I/ (I) < 3 and goodness of ®t (g.o.f.) of the diffraction data as a function of the resolution. g.o.f. = Nobs ÿ Nvar ÿ1 P Fobs ÿ kFcalc 2= 2 Fobs 1=2: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-scattering-factors-of-the-different-components-of-the-3oubk823.png Fig. 9. Scattering factors of the different components of the electron density as a function of resolution or sin2 = 2 for a carbonyl atom. A C atom with Pval = Nval = 4 is considered here and the multipole parameters have been transferred from the database. For the multipole component, the calculated structure factors have been averaged for re¯ections in the same resolution shells. (a) Isotropic temperature factor of the atom, B = 2 AÊ 2. (b) Isotropic temperature factor of the atom, B = 6 AÊ 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-residual-electron-density-maps-in-the-plane-of-the-3hm6o45p.png Fig. 4. Residual electron-density maps in the plane of the peptide bond Aib2-Lys(Bz)3. (a) after re®nement I using the spherical atom model, (b) after re®nement II using the multipole±Pval atom model. Contours: 0.05 e AÊ ÿ3, positive contours: solid line, negative contours: dashed line, zero contour omitted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-selected-bond-peaks-e-ae-y3-in-the-dynamic-and-1myg9woj.png Table 4. Selected bond peaks (e AÊ ÿ3) in the dynamic and static deformation electron-density maps of the LBZ helix and average values found in dynamic deformation maps for three peptide structures https://scispace.com/papers/transferrin-and-the-transferrin-receptor-for-the-targeted-v1t3k6dk1x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-formulation-strategies-used-for-the-vcyt9rb5.png Figure 1. Examples of formulation strategies used for the delivery of drugs and nucleic acids to the brain and tumor (“Tf”: transferrin, “TfRmAb”: monoclonal antibody anti-transferrin receptor. Formulation name in blue: delivery to the brain, in green: delivery to the tumor, in black: delivery to either brain or tumor). https://scispace.com/papers/transferring-heterogeneous-links-across-location-based-103x9pqbx2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-collective-link-transferring-across-two-2zci6nyk.png Figure 1: Example of collective link transferring across two aligned location-based social networks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-properties-of-the-heterogeneous-social-networks-2f7p5jae.png Table 3: Properties of the Heterogeneous Social Networks https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-related-problems-3tge0i96.png Table 1: Summary of related problems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-social-link-and-location-link-prediction-results-of-22jfwz0t.png Figure 4: Social link and location link prediction results of each iteration under the evaluation of AUC and Accuracy. (a)-(d) are the results when σ = 0.5 and ρ = 1.0; (e)-(h) are the same results when σ = 1.0 and ρ = 0.5, where σ is the remaining information rate and ρ is the anchor link sample rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-information-accumulation-for-locations-2o2ll789.png Figure 2: Example of information accumulation for locations from online posts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-performance-comparison-of-different-methods-for-21c790d7.png Table 4: Performance comparison of different methods for inferring social and location links for Foursquare of different remaining information rates. The anchor link sample rate ρ is set as 1.0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-features-extracted-from-vector-x-and-y-1bdgiwtk.png Table 2: Features extracted from vector x and y https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-performance-comparison-of-different-methods-for-rm3dbmrj.png Table 5: Performance comparison of different methods for inferring social and location links for Foursquare of different anchor link sample rates. The remaining informaiton rate σ is set as 1.0. https://scispace.com/papers/transferability-intercomparison-an-opportunity-for-new-1z81c5npxk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-domains-used-for-icts-simulations-and-for-skoab5if.png FIG. 3. Domains used for ICTS simulations and for transferability study reported herein. Red dots denote CEOP reference sites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-intensity-of-precipitation-events-over-the-upper-ulvb8tpk.png FIG. 1. Intensity of precipitation events over the upper Mississippi River basin as simulated by 13 RCMs with essentially identical domains over the continental United States driven by reanalysis boundary conditions from summer of 1993 (Anderson et al. 2003). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diurnal-patterns-of-hydrological-components-for-a-3nn8d1kb.png FIG. 2. Diurnal patterns of hydrological components for a subset of models shown in Fig. 1 showing nocturnal maximum in precipitation (Anderson et al. 2003). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulated-and-observed-diurnal-sensible-and-latent-lgy4vq3k.png FIG. 4. Simulated and observed diurnal sensible and latent heat flux for three of the CSE reference sites: (a) Bondville, Illinois; (b) Cabauw, Netherlands; and (c) Pantanal, Brazil. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-models-and-domains-used-in-preliminary-33w8j7zu.png TABLE 1. Models and domains used in preliminary transferability intercomparison. https://scispace.com/papers/transformation-invariant-representation-and-nmf-lmjzwly1zj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-extraction-of-64-of-the-4x4-pixel-sized-input-fdfkt4sp.png Fig. 1. An extraction of 64 of the 4x4-pixel-sized input images used as input for learning the basis vectors. They are generated by linear superposition of 1 to 4 randomly selected horizontal or vertical lines at arbitrary positions. An additional threshold reduces all pixels to values 0 and 1, afterwards the images have been normalized using an Euclidean norm. Here, dark colors indicate high values (black=1, white=0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-solution-of-the-standard-nmf-algorithm-for-8-basis-125m1xma.png Fig. 2. Solution of the standard NMF algorithm for 8 basis vectors. The basis vectors comprise all 4 horizontal and all 4 vertical lines. The transformation properties of the input are encoded implicitly in the basis vectors; they are translated versions of each other. To the contrary, the overlapping NMF algorithm would consider the translations explicitly, and only 2 basis vectors would be needed: One horizontal and one vertical. The input is then reconstructed by shifting these basis vectors to all of their 4 possible positions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-the-standard-nmf-with-overlapping-nmf-to-3d2wxatk.png Fig. 6. Comparison of the standard NMF with overlapping NMF to show the equivalence. Plotted is the reconstruction error vs. iteration step for standard NMF with 8 basis vectors (stars) and overlapping NMF with 2 basis vectors (crosses) for the bar example. The error settles at an asymptotic baseline because of the limited number of basis vectors and the nonlinear threshold which cuts input activities at 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-solution-of-the-overlapping-nmf-algorithm-for-2-basis-27li53mm.png Fig. 4. Solution of the overlapping NMF algorithm for 2 basis vectors, now including sparsity constraints. We get a horizontal and a vertical bar, which are all single bar configurations modulo the translation transformation. With these two basis vectors, the overlapping NMF reconstruction of the input vector set is already better than for the standard NMF solution with the 8 bars from fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-solution-of-the-sparse-overlapping-nmf-algorithm-for-8-2m7etrie.png Fig. 5. Solution of the sparse overlapping NMF algorithm for 8, 16 and 32 basis vectors. For increasing number of basis vectors more and more complex patterns are encoded explicitly. The maximal number of different pattern configurations is 20, therefore, for 32 basis vectors, some of the basis vectors remain unstructured or appear repetitively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-solution-of-the-overlapping-nmf-algorithm-for-2-basis-3t44df69.png Fig. 3. Solution of the overlapping NMF algorithm for 2 basis vectors without sparsity constraints. A single one-pixel basis vector emerges, since with overlapping reconstruction this suffices to reconstruct any input pattern. The second basis vector remains unstructured, it does not contribute to the reconstruction. https://scispace.com/papers/transformational-leader-or-narcissist-how-grandiose-2jayj4nemk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-impact-of-narcissism-and-transformational-1qztmama.png Figure 2. The impact of narcissism and transformational leadership on organizations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-diagnostic-and-statistical-manual-of-mental-3l2qxntq.png Figure 1. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Definition of Narcissistic Personality Disorder—(DSM V—301.81). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-organizations-effects-of-narcissistic-leaders-ugmya8ld.png Figure 3. The organizations effects of narcissistic leaders. https://scispace.com/papers/transformations-of-gaussian-process-priors-4xbgseylye 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-artificial-data-points-used-to-locally-enforce-27q7bjtm.png Fig. 1. Artificial data points used to locally enforce symmetry. Top: no symmetry constraints. Centre: odd symmetry constraints. Bottom: even symmetry constraint. Circles are normal observed outputs, crosses are points on x-axis where symmetry constraint has been added. Plots show model mean ± 2σ as thin solid line and dashed contours. Note that due to the sparse enforcement of symmetry, the error region about the inferred symmetric portion of the curve is looser than on the side with the data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-learning-the-unknown-nonlinearity-the-identified-3qyzz3xs.png Fig. 4. Learning the unknown nonlinearity. The identified nonlinear function, compared to the ideal function y(t) = 0.3 x(t)3 + sin(5x(t)), with ±2σ contours. The actual value of y at training data is indicated by the points plotted in Figure 4(b), but the GP did not have access to this information https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-gp-inferred-observed-including-effects-of-additive-fm8r38wq.png Fig. 5. The GP-inferred, observed (including effects of additive noise on the y’s, and true (noisefree) velocities for a segment of the training time-series https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-series-of-observed-and-hidden-states-from-the-2wkfjrkg.png Fig. 3. Time-series of observed and hidden states from the simulation used to generate the training data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-inverse-problem-solved-using-a-gp-source-image-top-3nz5py6y.png Fig. 2. Inverse problem solved using a GP. Source image (top left) is sparsely presented, with additive noise (top right) to neurons, and responses on output ‘neurons’ measured (bottom left). Inference in GP model to training data gives inferred reconstructed image (bottom right). https://scispace.com/papers/transforming-a-competency-model-to-parameterised-questions-29z78rwtiq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-competency-tree-1y1h7n7y.png Fig. 4. Competency tree https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-definitions-of-each-element-in-the-competence-yptnsxca.png Table 4 the definitions of each element in the competence ontology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ontology-of-comba-3rrgey9h.png Fig. 7 Ontology of COMBA https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-question-templates-2ff2v4jk.png Table 2 Question templates https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-some-example-questions-represented-from-the-3ix0ljg8.png Table 3 Some example questions represented from the competencies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-architecture-for-the-comba-system-3kb0mble.png Fig. 6 Architecture for the COMBA system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-competency-model-including-attitude-component-3m3eqm90.png Fig. 1. Competency model including attitude component https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-group-of-questions-based-on-a-competency-tree-23ph18vr.png Fig. 5 The group of questions based on a competency tree https://scispace.com/papers/transformative-effects-of-iot-blockchain-and-artificial-4yaue57y4f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-insights-of-triumvirate-to-the-cloud-computing-28rkmaq8.png Figure 3: Insights of Triumvirate to the Cloud Computing Evolution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evolution-of-computing-paradigms-and-technologies-sk15u90a.png Figure 1: Evolution of Computing Paradigms and Technologies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-conceptual-model-for-cloud-futurology-38oive0p.png Figure 4: A Conceptual model for Cloud Futurology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-emerging-research-areas-23ckmih9.png Figure 2: Emerging Research Areas https://scispace.com/papers/transformer-puf-a-highly-flexible-configurable-ro-puf-based-3ukojtagfk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-he-comparison-with-cro-pufs-2pveut20.png Fig. 9: HE comparison with CRO PUFs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-inter-chip-hd-of-the-transformer-puf-1i1e1vn4.png Fig. 7: The inter-chip HD of the Transformer PUF. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-performance-comparison-d096u4vw.png TABLE I: THE PERFORMANCE COMPARISON https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-intra-chip-hd-of-the-transformer-puf-wf8mhmho.png Fig. 8: The intra-chip HD of the Transformer PUF. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-schematic-of-the-proposed-transformer-puf-design-309fxfn5.png Fig. 1: The schematic of the proposed Transformer PUF design. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-truth-table-and-working-state-of-an-xor-gate-2919gv84.png Fig. 3: The Truth table and working state of an XOR gate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-basic-delay-unit-of-the-proposed-transformer-puf-14bv3jeg.png Fig. 2: The basic delay unit of the proposed Transformer PUF. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-fpga-implementation-of-a-3-stage-proposed-prpz9ldq.png Fig. 4: The FPGA implementation of a 3-stage proposed Transformer PUF in one CLB. https://scispace.com/papers/transforming-chaos-to-periodic-oscillations-4p5hxp8nn0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-control-to-period-1-from-an-initially-chaotic-state-1hpnmf9n.png FIG. 9. Control to period 1 from an initially chaotic state. Upp trace is the FIR laser intensity output, lower trace is the modula applied to the pump at12 f 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-fourier-spectra-for-two-different-harmonic-generat-378pc9hp.png FIG. 14. Fourier spectra for two different harmonic generat experiments:~a1! and ~b1! are the spectra of the FIR laser durin modulation to give periods 4 and 7 respectively. The correspond dynamics applied to the pump are shown in~a2! and ~b2!, respectively. The triangles indicate the position of the integer harmon while the stars indicate rational harmonics. In both cases the m mum peak in the FIR spectra correspond the the fundamental sation frequency of the unmodulated chaos. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-lorenz-maps-of-the-fir-laser-output-are-construc-from-1zqgdggt.png FIG. 13. Lorenz maps of the FIR laser output are construc from Fig. 12.~a! Without modulation and~b! with modulation. The cusp shape in~a! is characteristic of Lorenz-like chaos. The pol gon shape of~b! when the points are joined shows period fo pulsations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-schematic-co2-laser-is-the-pump-nh3-ring-26gql4jb.png FIG. 1. Experimental schematic: CO2 laser is the pump, NH3 ring laser is the chaotic system, Gr is a blazed grating at the p wavelength (10.78mm) which doubles as a mirror for the lasin wavelength (153mm), wm is a wire mesh used as an output co pler, AOM is an acousto-optic modulator, detector A monitors pump dynamics, and detector B monitors the FIR dynamics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-control-to-period-6-the-lower-trace-is-the-frequen-77pia4td.png FIG. 16. Control to period 6. The lower trace is the frequen spectra of the pump during modulation and the upper trace is frequency of the FIR laser during modulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-control-to-period-6-the-lower-trace-is-the-pump-a-the-29s149fq.png FIG. 15. Control to period 6. The lower trace is the pump a the upper trace is the FIR laser output. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fourier-spectra-for-a-the-pump-modulated-fir-lase-3ne58pqh.png FIG. 4. Fourier spectra for~a! the pump modulated FIR lase output, ~b! the pump modulation, and~c! the ratio of the pump modulated FIR laser output to the unmodulated laser output. angles indicate the position of the integer harmonics. the das line indicates the position of zero gain, note that only the harmon of the pump are amplified, all other frequencies are suppresse https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-of-modulation-applied-to-the-pump-t-pump-is-ps27iqv9.png FIG. 5. Schematic of modulation applied to the pump. T pump is modulated atf 0, the fundamental pulsation frequency, fo 100 cycles between a and b, followed by a period of no modula between b and c, followed by 100 cycles atf 0 between c and d. https://scispace.com/papers/transforming-camera-geometry-to-a-virtual-downward-looking-4w0ogsw8tf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ego-motion-estimation-and-condition-of-hessian-23c6ilkn.png Table 1. Ego-motion estimation and condition of Hessian (larger condition number means worse condition). For synthetic case, the ground truth of ego-motion is:(wY , TX , TZ) = (−1.0◦,−0.0175, 0.1), in the coordinate frame of forward-looking camera. Translations are measured by the unit of image height. The motion parameters of the 8-parameter model do not directly indicate the ego-motion parameters, and are not shown here. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-synthesized-images-where-the-ground-plane-has-low-13wkt98n.png Figure 1. Synthesized images where the ground plane has low textures. The rectangle shows one of the patch used to compute the camera ego-motion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-motion-compensated-residual-images-the-residuals-34n2dqxb.png Figure 4. Motion compensated residual images. The residuals are scaled up by a factor of 4 for visibility. Notice the residuals of lane-marks at the bottom left, and the residuals of car dash-board right below the lane-marks. The downward-looking camera model compensates the lane marks best, and shows correct parallax on the car dashboard. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-real-images-with-low-textures-on-the-ground-plane-3dppl43o.png Figure 3. Real images with low textures on the ground plane, and moving cars/bus in the background. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-motion-compensated-residual-images-by-motions-from-3dcpumhy.png Figure 2. Motion compensated residual images by motions from Table (1). The residuals are scaled up by a factor of 4 for visibility. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ground-layer-detection-and-global-ego-motion-qybtzvc5.png Figure 6. Ground layer detection and global ego-motion estimation. (a): reference frame of the input images; (b): weights indicating the ownership of pixels (brighter means larger weight); (c): detected ground layer using weights in (a); (d): motion compensated residuals by the global ego-motion. The residuals are scaled up by a factor of 4 for visibility. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-traffic-scene-in-city-with-cluttered-background-3izqbdve.png Figure 5. Traffic scene in city with cluttered background containing moving cars. The road has weak or linear textures. https://scispace.com/papers/transforming-cybersecurity-r-d-within-the-department-of-5dwpi18lv6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-research-matrix-1aeusi9h.png Figure 1. The Research Matrix https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cyber-security-taxonomy-2ou5a2ba.png Figure 1. The Research Matrix https://scispace.com/papers/transforming-engagement-a-case-study-of-building-intrinsic-538lj7e31n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rating-levels-and-associated-behaviours-1ka4clan.png Table 3. Rating levels and associated behaviours https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-total-number-of-engaged-top-line-and-non-engaged-pq0bjcrg.png Figure 1. Total number of engaged (top line) and non-engaged (bottom line) behaviours observed from nine sessions over 24 months https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ratings-of-engagement-behaviour-by-percentage-of-39sfkhmd.png Table 5: Ratings of engagement behaviour by percentage of time from three sessions over 24 months https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-categories-types-and-examples-of-engaged-accepting-24a7lj3l.png Table 2. Categories, types and examples of engaged/accepting and nonengaged/resisting behaviours https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-event-sampling-of-engaged-and-non-engaged-1ogk6ili.png Table 4. Results of event sampling of engaged and non-engaged behaviours from nine sessions over 24 months https://scispace.com/papers/transforming-health-care-body-sensor-networks-wearables-and-572639whqh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-miniaturized-ble-sensor-tag-image-courtesy-of-the-29ca4vd6.png Fig. 2. A miniaturized BLE sensor tag (Image courtesy of the Hamlyn Centre) https://scispace.com/papers/transforming-support-for-students-with-disabilities-in-uk-16vx496w62 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-conceptual-model-for-student-disability-support-3bs6ggc9.png Figure 2. Conceptual model for student disability support transformation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rich-picture-for-the-impact-of-the-proposed-uk-1b2s2svk.png Figure 1. Rich picture for the impact of the proposed UK Disabled Students’ Allowance changes https://scispace.com/papers/transforming-the-engineering-of-cities-points-of-departure-1io6lcp5vq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-points-of-departure-in-tec-projects-3pnzkqu1.png Table 1: Points of Departure in TEC projects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-points-of-departure-83-3rw13rf5.png Figure 1 Points of departure 83 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-applying-departure-points-to-an-urban-challenge-100-1evfsky4.png Figure 2 Applying departure points to an urban challenge 100 https://scispace.com/papers/transgenerational-epigenetic-inheritance-factors-localize-to-3q7c73ksx9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-z-granules-assemble-into-tridroplet-pzm-structures-2iobf4da.png Figure 5. Z granules assemble into tridroplet (PZM) structures with P granules and  Mutator                            foci. A)  Fluorescent micrographs of a single pachytene germ cell nucleus from animals expressing                            the indicated fluorescent proteins. 3D renders of representative foci are shown below.  B) Distance                            between the centers (left) and surfaces (right) of the spaces occupied by the indicated fluorescent                              proteins was calculated as described in Methods. n=3 (10 granules per sample) +/ SD. Column 7                                shows chromatic shift associated with imaging individual tetraspeck beads (zero distance). Data in                          right panel have been corrected for shift.  C)  Fluorescent micrograph from pachytene region germ                            cell. Image is magnification of a single tridroplet assembly (PZM). Green=PGL1::mCardinal,                      Red=TagRFP::ZNFX1, and white=MUT16 ::GFP. Scale bars: (A)  germ cell, 2 μm, single granule,                          0.5 μm.  (C) 0.25 μm. Position of nuclear membrane/nuclear pores with respect to each Z and M                                  segments of PZM is not known (see Extended Data figure 21). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-znfx1-and-wago4-act-cooperatively-to-drive-rnai-3gdnsmgg.png Figure 2. ZNFX1 and WAGO4 act cooperatively to drive RNAi inheritance. A) Fluorescent https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-znfx1-wago4-appear-to-separate-from-p-granules-to-1lcdg04o.png Figure 3. ZNFX1/WAGO4 appear to separate from P granules to form new foci during https://scispace.com/papers/transgender-individuals-access-to-college-housing-and-442k1ik56k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-sample-n-2772-zfaey0cl.png Table 1 Demographics of sample (N = 2,772) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-model-fit-and-nagelkerke-r2-for-the-two-models-lnvyn2sk.png Table 4 Model Fit and Nagelkerke R2 for the Two Models Before Multiple Imputation: Gender-related Predictor Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-logistic-regression-models-predicting-the-two-1xxzx9l6.png Table 5 Logistic Regression Models Predicting the Two Dependent Variables as a Function of Genderrelated Predictor Variables (Pooled Data) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-curvilinear-relationship-between-age-and-risk-of-f6zqqpwb.png Figure 1. Curvilinear relationship between age and risk of being denied access to gender- https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-model-fit-and-nagelkerke-r2-for-the-two-models-2j5dw7mx.png Table 2 Model Fit and Nagelkerke R2 for the Two Models Before Multiple Imputation: Sociodemographic Predictor Variables https://scispace.com/papers/transgender-women-s-experiences-with-stigma-trauma-and-dylaj9g96n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-odds-ratios-for-logistic-regression-of-attempted-i1pg8cnl.png Table 2. Odds Ratios for Logistic Regression of Attempted Suicide (n=260) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-study-variables-2fvads18.png Table 1. Descriptive Statistics for Study Variables https://scispace.com/papers/transgenic-citrus-plants-expressing-the-citrus-tristeza-12jponl1oi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-southern-blot-analysis-of-lime-plants-transformed-with-2pknboxk.png Fig. 2 Southern blot analysis of lime plants transformed with the p23 gene (lanes 1, 45, 3, 5, 17, 23 and 49), with a truncated version thereof, tr-p23 (lanes 8, 3, 14 and 15), or with the vector pBin19-sgfp (lane gfp). DNA was digested with EcoRI, which cuts the T-DNA once near the left border or with Hind III, which excises the expression cassette (see Fig. 1). The size of DNA markers (lane M) are indicated at the right. Membranes were probed with a digoxigenin-labelled fragment of the p23 coding region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-steady-state-accumulation-of-wild-type-and-truncated-28zx3o2s.png Fig. 4 Steady state accumulation of wild-type and truncated CTV p23 transcripts in transgenic lime plants as revealed by Northern-blot hybridization. (a) Total RNA extracted from transgenic plants was separated by electrophoresis on a formaldehyde-containing agarose gel, transferred to a nylon membrane, and hybridized with a p23-specific DNA probe. sgfp refers to a transgenic line carrying only the pBin19-sgfp vector, and numbers indicate the corresponding transgenic lines carrying the wild-type (p23) or the truncated (tr-p23) p23 constructs. (b) Ethidium bromide staining of the same gel showing that equivalent amounts of RNA were loaded in the different lanes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-ctv-genome-and-gene-3f0dnhv9.png Fig. 1 Schematic representation of the CTV genome and gene constructs. (a) Distribution of open reading frames in the genomic CTV RNA according to Karasev et al. (1995). The 5′ ORFs 1a and 1b produce a fusion protein with two papain-like protease (PRO), plus methyltransferase (MT), helicase (HEL) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domains. The 10 ORFs of the 3′ half of the genome encode a 6 kDa hydrophobic protein, a 65 kDa homologue of the HSP70 heat-shock proteins, the 25 kDa major coat protein (CP) and its 27 kDa divergent copy (CPd), and other proteins are of 33, 61, 18, 13, 20 and 23 kDa. (b) Diagram of the T-DNA from the binary vector pBin19-sgfp and constructs designed to express both the wild-type (wt) and truncated (tr) p23 genes controlled by the doubly enhanced cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and the nopaline synthase terminator (nos-ter). The p23 and tr-p23 cassettes are flanked by the neomycin phosphotransferase II gene (nptII ) between the nos promoter (nos-pro) and the nos-ter, and by the green fluorescent protein gene (sgfp) between the 35S promoter and the nos-ter. Hind III and EcoRI restriction sites are indicated by H and E, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ctv-like-symptoms-exhibited-by-p23-transgenic-limes-19znudrf.png Fig. 3 CTV-like symptoms exhibited by p23 -transgenic limes grafted on a vigorous rootstock. (a) and (b) Stem necrosis and subsequent death of young shoots, respectively. (c) Chlorotic pinpoints in a young leaf. (d) Stem pitting. (e) Leaf epinasty. (f ) Apical necrosis. (g) Growth interruption. (h) A non-inoculated non-transgenic plant (left), a non-inoculated transgenic plant expressing the p23 protein (middle), and a non-transgenic plant inoculated with a severe CTV isolate (right); the latter two are clearly stunted. (i) Leaves from a non-transgenic plant inoculated with a severe CTV isolate (top) and from a non-inoculated transgenic plant expressing the p23 protein (bottom). https://scispace.com/papers/transhumus-a-poetic-experience-in-mobile-robotics-4irparqhdz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-from-the-specifications-to-the-realisation-nine-months-1d89icz2.png Fig. 1: From the specifications to the realisation, nine months separate both pictures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-example-of-a-simulation-with-the-tracks-of-the-trees-2gyjumsw.png Fig. 11: Example of a simulation with the tracks of the tree’s trunk and the wheels of the AGVs. In real life, this would approximately correspond to a 45 minutes journey. A trunk must not go out of the black polygon, but a wheel can. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-example-of-space-covering-simulation-on-site-such-1ir3ypeh.png Fig. 12: Example of space covering simulation. On site, such coverage would have taken several days between the end of the hardware installation and the opening of the Biennale, which we had not. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-user-interface-screenshot-in-production-9th-of-2vne4rdu.png Fig. 10: User Interface screenshot, in production (9th of September, 10:30 to 10:45), where we can see the path recently taken by the AGVs, and a table with status and controls for each AGV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-agv-trying-to-follow-a-square-success-rate-can-vary-38wg8n9l.png Fig. 13: AGV trying to follow a square. Success rate can vary considerably even in similar conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-agv-in-ba-systemes-factory-2xfb6lkk.png Fig. 3: AGV in BA Systemes’ factory. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-in-the-birds-eye-view-of-the-giardini-the-french-17mzxl5p.png Fig. 2: In the birds eye view of the Giardini, the French pavilion is the building on the left side. A tree moves inside the pavilion while two other trees share the esplanade common to British and German pavilions. The geometric model of the esplanade defines the bounds of the evolution space. It is part of an user interface allowing to monitor the motions of the trees. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-the-pictures-show-the-trees-inside-and-outside-the-2ztrmpa0.png Fig. 14: The pictures show the trees inside and outside the pavilion respectively. The AGVs are moving so slowly and silently that it takes few seconds for visitors to notice the motions. https://scispace.com/papers/transhumant-pastoralism-in-the-nanda-devi-biosphere-reserve-4em2r7tv2w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-monetary-rs-and-energy-mj-inputs-outputs-and-output-31by4fch.png FIGURE 5 Monetary (Rs) and energy (MJ) inputs, outputs, and output–input ratios (values in parentheses) for various types of livestock rearing in the NDBR buffer zone. https://scispace.com/papers/transient-analysis-of-a-rectangular-cavity-containing-an-3alsbgvvub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-transient-response-of-the-wire-and-slot-wire-for-u9iq8yhy.png Figure 11. Transient response of the wire and slot wire for various wire lengths: (a) Normalized electric current at the center of the wire; (b) Normalized magnetic current at the center of the slot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-space-distribution-of-electric-current-density-at-3ckxjmcd.png Figure 10. Space distribution of electric current density at t = 1.3 ∗ 10−9 s for various wire lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-analyze-problem-a-initial-problem-b-equivalent-3bkpoere.png Figure 1. Analyze Problem: (a) Initial Problem; (b) Equivalent domains; (c) Internal equivalent problem; (d) External equivalent problem. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-geometrical-parameters-of-the-problem-are-a-2-30x0dxps.png Figure 2. The geometrical parameters of the problem are: a = 2 ∗ bmm, b = 109.3mm, D = 43.7mm, P = 32.8mm, lw = ls = 39.5mm and e = ew = 10−5 mm (ew is the thickness of wire). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-normalized-magnetic-current-at-the-center-of-13swl6ht.png Figure 8. The normalized magnetic current at the center of the slot for various separate distances D. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-transient-response-of-the-wire-for-various-slot-332dkug4.png Figure 7. Transient response of the wire for various slot positions: (P1 = 10.9mm, the corresponding slot offset = (218.5mm, 30.7mm)), (P2 = 328mm, the corresponding slot offset = (218.5mm, 525mm)) and (P3 = 54.6mm, the corresponding slot offset = (218.5mm, 744mm)): (a) The normalized transient current at the center of the wire; (b) The normalized space distribution of the current density at t = 1.3 ∗ 10−9 s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-transient-response-of-the-wire-for-various-separate-2rt9zr5n.png Figure 9. Transient response of the wire for various separate distances D: (a) The normalized electric current density at the center of the wire; (b) The normalized electric current density at the center of the wire for higher distances. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transient-response-of-the-wire-a-space-distribution-3glt8atn.png Figure 3. Transient response of the wire: (a) Space distribution of electric current density in free space; (b) Electric current density at the center of the wire in free space at t = 1.3 ∗ 10−9 s; (c) Space distribution of electric current density of the wire enclosing within rectangular cavity; (d) Electric current density at the center of the wire enclosing within rectangular cavity at t = 1.3 ∗ 10−9 s. https://scispace.com/papers/transient-analysis-of-dc-distribution-grids-3hlmhkyn53 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-cable-cross-section-8ozxxd8g.png Figure 3.2: Cable cross section https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-lvdc-system-diagram-17-2nqd3kls.png Figure 2.2: LVDC system diagram[17] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-31-voltage-transients-after-bolted-pole-fault-at-c-ptt5h7wm.png Figure 4.31: Voltage transients after bolted pole fault at C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-9-model-of-the-street-lighting-system-3l12f9ux.png Figure 5.9: Model of the street lighting system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-36-voltages-in-the-system-after-bolted-earth-fault-26akjd2u.png Figure 4.36: Voltages in the system after bolted earth fault at A https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-clamp-voltage-and-current-during-bolted-short-3ee972z7.png Figure 4.4: Clamp voltage and Current during bolted short circuit https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-simple-line-model-25ggnjay.png Figure 4.3: Simple line model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-5-short-circuit-current-approximation-function-26-1u5pvi3g.png Figure 2.5: Short circuit current approximation function [26] https://scispace.com/papers/transient-analysis-of-markovian-queueing-systems-a-survey-1gryj1jqd8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-dual-z-of-the-uniformization-z-of-the-m-m-1-3lpjoz7b.png Figure 7: The dual Z∗ of the uniformization Z of the M/M/1 process, which is also the uniformization of the dual of the M/M/1 process with respect to the same uniformization rate λ+µ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-dual-of-the-uniformized-chain-shown-in-figure-8ivtcm56.png Figure 11: The dual of the uniformized chain shown in Figure 9, which is also the uniformization of the process shown in Figure 10 (with respect to the same uniformization rate λ+µ), as explained in Remark 5.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-m-m-1-h-model-parameters-l-and-u-2fhyjk7t.png Figure 8: The M/M/1/H model, parameters λ and µ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-dual-process-of-the-m-m-1-h-given-in-figure-8-3mgbogzw.png Figure 10: The dual process of the M/M/1/H given in Figure 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-uniformized-chain-of-the-m-m-1-h-canonical-2q6z541h.png Figure 9: The uniformized chain of the M/M/1/H canonical process depicted in Figure 8, with uniformization rateΛ=λ+µ, p =λ/Λ and q =µ/Λ= 1−p. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-the-uniformization-of-the-dual-of-the-m-m-1-h-5kegjk9t.png Figure 15: The uniformization of the dual of the M/M/1/H model with catastrophes. See Figure 13 for the model and Figure 14 for its dual. The uniformization rate is Λ=λ+µ+γ and the notation is p =λ/Λ, q =µ/Λ and r = γ/Λ. Recall that this model is also the dual of the uniformization of the initial model (using obviously the same uniformization rate). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-siegmund-dual-of-the-standard-birth-death-19hej9xd.png Figure 4: The Siegmund-dual of the standard birth-death process with birth rates λi , i ≥ 0 and µ j , j ≥ 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-where-a-closed-form-for-the-transient-1b47slva.png Figure 2: An example where a closed-form for the transient behavior is easy to derive. https://scispace.com/papers/transient-behavior-of-a-parametric-amplifier-with-an-added-2u7jwr2ucg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-ten-switching-events-for-the-photon-number-with-the-wi8dt6tx.png FIG. 11. Ten switching events for the photon number with the same parameter values as in Fig. 10 but with an initial coherent state such that & x(0) & = 21, and & y(0) &= —5.3. The thick line represents the average value. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-angles-illustrated-in-fig-1-vs-the-parameter-3m5w6p1t.png FIG. 2. The angles illustrated in Fig. 1 vs the parameter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-evolution-of-the-parameter-s-variance-average-2npchp2q.png FIG. 13. Evolution of the parameter S (variance-average relation) for a coherent-vacuum initial state (a) and for a nonvacuum initial state (b). The inset shows the 1 t' b 1e evo u son cow https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-projection-of-the-error-ellipse-onto-the-position-e1ye6xwu.png FIG. 4. The projection of the error ellipse onto the position-vector direction vs the parameter p, . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-evolution-in-the-oscillatory-regime-compared-with-the-29w92iq1.png FIG. 8. Evolution in the oscillatory regime compared with the same in the overdamped regime for photon-number average (a) and the photon-number variance (b) (coherentvacuum initial state). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-evolution-of-the-minimum-quadrature-variance-for-a-3oldv7hb.png FIG. 7. Evolution of the minimum quadrature variance for a nonvacuum initial state compared with the same for a coherent-vacuum initial state. Solid line: coherent initial state such that ~n(0)~I'/(p+ s) = 1. Dotted line: coherentvacuum initial state. Io https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-evolution-of-the-quadrature-variances-in-the-2qu9u3n3.png FIG. 9. Evolution of the quadrature variances in the oscillatory regime (coherent-vacuum initial state). https://scispace.com/papers/transient-flow-performance-in-a-multiloop-nuclear-reactor-y9e8j48k2d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-cetr-coastdown-all-pumps-in-two-loops-fail-1hacrz6q.png FIG. 9: CETR COASTDOWN, ALL PUMPS IN TWO LOOPS FAIL https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-c-e-t-r-coastdown-a-f-t-e-r-c-o-m-pl-et-e-p-u-m-p-po-w-2svseaib.png FIG . 4. C E T R COASTDOWN A F T E R C O M PL ET E P U M P PO W ER LOSS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-nmsr-cold-loop-startup-open-loop-2ldwt668.png FIG. 13: NMSR COLD LOOP STARTUP (Open Loop) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-n-m-s-r-loop-two-p-u-m-p-in-g-power-f-a-il-s-0-8-sec-fa3kz4rx.png FIG . 12: N M S R , LOOP TWO P U M P IN G POWER F A IL S 0 .8 sec A F T E R LOOP ONE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-torques-during-coastdown-1ukbcw2w.png FIG. 5: COMPARISON OF TORQUES DURING COASTDOWN https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-nm-sr-coastdown-t-h-re-e-pum-p-f-a-i-l-a-t-f-u-ll-1uwup1c5.png FIG . 11: NM SR COASTDOWN (T h re e Pum p* F a i l A t F u ll Speed) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-c-e-t-r-coastdow-n-x3r1i62t.png FIG . 10: C E T R COASTDOW N https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-o-scillog-ram-o-f-v-o-l-t-a-g-e-decay-m-e-asu-red-o-n-31hmcaou.png FIG . 3: O SCILLOG RAM O F V O L T A G E DECAY (M e asu red O n S ta to r T e r m in a ls , P o w er Off) https://scispace.com/papers/transient-beam-loading-in-the-als-harmonic-rf-system-lvy4dcr50e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-longitudinal-beam-offset-a-and-bunch-length-b-along-2v8dvaq6.png Figure 4. Longitudinal beam offset (a) and bunch length (b) along the bunch train. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-synchrotron-frequency-response-of-3-cavities-with-a-2we5feiv.png Figure 5. Synchrotron frequency response of 3 cavities with a 2.5% gap. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-calculated-transients-for-a-17-gap-and-two-cavities-381iw0jp.png Figure 6. Calculated transients for a 17% gap and two cavities tuned to bunch lengthening. a) Harmonic voltage and phase. b) Relative stable phase. c) Bunch length and lifetime increase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-streak-camera-image-of-the-longitudinal-bunch-24rhl5z0.png Figure 3. Streak camera image of the longitudinal bunch distribution. a) 17% gap. b) 2.5% gap. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lifetime-increase-as-4-harmonic-cavities-are-tuned-1oz4ced7.png Figure 2. Lifetime increase as 4 harmonic cavities are tuned from 0.5*frev to 0.35* frev above the third harmonic at a current of 335 mA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-als-harmonic-cavity-parameters-2henorxp.png Table 1: ALS harmonic cavity parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-tuning-of-the-harmonic-cavity-fundamental-mode-21q559tg.png Figure 1. a) Tuning of the harmonic cavity fundamental mode for reaching optimum bunch lengthening voltage and phase. b) Total voltage from main and harmonic RF cavities. https://scispace.com/papers/transient-and-permanent-rotations-in-a-shear-layer-excited-529gvrd6xq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-dependence-of-the-largest-normalized-strains-versus-14a31yih.png Figure 8. Dependence of the largest normalized strains versus the dimensionless pulse amplitude, , showing the zone where the largest peak occurs for 0:0 and 0.3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-soil-layer-and-incoming-strong-motion-displacement-25jne121.png Figure 1. Soil layer and incoming strong-motion displacement pulse: (a) model of the soil layer and (b) the pulse in the half-space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-plot-of-the-displacements-along-the-normalized-211lvvq7.png Figure 4. Plot of the displacements along the normalized length of the beam, , versus normalized time, , for dimensionless amplitude, 0:3, 3, and for 0 and 0:3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-normalized-strains-versus-the-dimensionless-1xe7y6o4.png Figure 7. Normalized strains versus the dimensionless amplitude, , for four different values of 0:0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3, in (a) zone 1 , (b) zone 2, and (c) zone 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-constitutive-laws-for-the-soil-layer-solid-line-2f3r3xsn.png Figure 2. The constitutive laws, , for the soil layer (solid line) and for the interface (dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-normalized-strains-along-the-beam-when-its-maximum-vrzyyout.png Figure 5. Normalized strains along the beam when its maximum occurs versus dimensionless frequency, , for 0 and for four dimensionless amplitudes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-normalized-strains-along-the-beam-when-its-maximum-2lc43k82.png Figure 6. Normalized strains along the beam when its maximum occurs versus dimensionless frequency, , and for dimensionless amplitude, 0:1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-displacements-along-the-normalized-c9o4qwzy.png Figure 3. Comparison of displacements along the normalized length of the beam, x=H b, versus normalized time https://scispace.com/papers/transient-large-strain-contact-modelling-a-comparison-of-go3zwftp7s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-settings-for-solving-simulations-for-both-the-v1edna55.png Table 2. Settings for solving simulations for both the default and new contact methods. Contact https://scispace.com/papers/transient-heat-flux-measurement-using-a-surface-junction-4tfe3d99p9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-temporal-characteristics-of-heat-transfer-measurement-2n6v32f1.png FIG. 5. Temporal characteristics of heat transfer measurement in a hypervelocity shock tunnel. Upper plots show the nozzle reservoir pressure. Lr plots show the stagnation point surface temperature and the heat flux inferred from it. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-asymptotic-behavior-of-a-surface-temperature-sensor-14ap5p6x.png FIG. 1. Asymptotic behavior of a surface temperature sensor. For illus tive purposesa51, k51, q̇051, andx51. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-distribution-of-stanton-number-about-the-forebody-of-a-3311qje5.png FIG. 6. Distribution of Stanton number about the forebody of a cylinde hypervelocity flow.~Top–bottom! test conditions A, B, and C as shown i Table I. Data are normalized with respect to the stagnation point heat predicted by Fay and Riddell~Ref. 10!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effective-thickness-of-thermocouple-junction-lbho5lc3.png FIG. 3. Effective thickness of thermocouple junction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-layout-of-new-surface-junction-thermocouple-sensor-h71qz0mh.png FIG. 2. Layout of new surface junction thermocouple sensor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-test-conditions-test-conditions-were-a5zysegy.png TABLE I. Summary of test conditions. Test conditions were computed on the basis of measurements initial shock tube fill pressure and temperature, incident shock speed prior to reflection, and nozzle re pressure after shock reflection. The dimensionless parameters for the ideal dissociating gas~IDG! model and stagnation point heat transfer model are defined in Sec. VII. Error estimates given for the fill cond represent the accuracy of the pressure gauge and the variation of the ambient temperature. Error estim the measured shock speed and reservoir pressure are the standard deviation of the quantities sampled entire sequence of shots. The error in the computed quantities may be inferred from these estimates. Pa for the IDG model are taken to beud5113 200 K, rd5130 000 kg m 23, and m514.031023/6.023 31023 kg. https://scispace.com/papers/transient-non-specific-dna-binding-dominates-the-target-15h866wvb2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-quantitative-partitioning-of-dna-binding-protein-5qwttt8u.png Table 1. Quantitative partitioning of DNA-binding protein activity https://scispace.com/papers/transient-local-bone-remodeling-effects-of-rhbmp-2-in-an-521qd4d4ov 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-stained-undecalcified-sections-from-spinal-levels-3-e9hcrjmo.png Fig. 4 Stained undecalcified sections from spinal levels 3 week after treatment with a 1· dose of rhBMP-2. One of the 3 levels treated with the 1· dose demonstrated moderate resorption of the end plates on histological analysis (Fig. 4-A), whereas the other 2 levels treated with the 1· dose showed less bone resorption (Fig. 4-B) and substantial preservation of the cortical end plates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-figs-5-a-and-5-b-stained-undecalcified-section-fig-5-a-j2jphaj9.png Fig. 5 Figs. 5-A and 5-B Stained undecalcified section (Fig. 5-A) from, and microradiograph (Fig. 5-B) of, spinal levels 4 weeks after treatment with a 7· dose of rhBMP-2. Histological analysis showed substantial end-plate changes as well as bone resorption extending well into osseous trabeculae of the superior and/or inferior vertebral bodies at all 3 levels in the 7·-dose group at 4 weeks. Unmineralized osteoid formed via intramembranous ossification can be observed at the periphery of the resorption zones. The microradiograph shows hypodense osteopenic de novo bone in previous resorption zones and in the thrugrowth region of the disc space, indicative of the early stages of histologically evident fusion at 4 weeks. Fig. 5-C A stained undecalcified section from a spinal level 4 weeks after treatment with the 1· dose, showing less bone resorption and substantial preservation of the cortical end plates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-treatment-groups-and-post-implantation-time-points-25n3ck1g.png TABLE I Treatment Groups and Post-Implantation Time Points Evaluated https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-figs-3-a-and-3-b-stained-undecalcified-sections-from-3dsdtw05.png Fig. 3 Figs. 3-A and 3-B Stained undecalcified sections from spinal levels 3 weeks after treatment with a 7· dose of rhBMP-2. Fig. 3-C Histological analysis showed substantial end-plate changes as well as osteoclastic resorption extending well into osseous trabeculae of the superior and/or inferior vertebral bodies at all 3 spinal levels in the 7·-dose group at 3 weeks (trichrome stain, original magnification = 200·). Fig. 3-D Some unmineralized osteoid formed via intramembranous ossification was observed at the periphery of the resorption zones (trichrome stain, original magnification = 313·). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-microradiograph-of-a-spinal-level-showing-histological-3f0lsb9x.png Fig. 8 Microradiograph of a spinal level showing histological evidence of solid fusion with dense mineralized trabeculae in the thrugrowth region of the disc space 20 weeks after treatment with a 7· dose of rhBMP-2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-fig-7-a-stained-undecalcified-section-from-a-spinal-1igmf1pk.png Fig. 7 Fig. 7-A Stained undecalcified section from a spinal level showing solid fusion 12 weeks after treatment with a 7· dose of rhBMP-2. Fig. 7-B Microradiograph of a spinal level 12 weeks after treatment with a 7· dose demonstrates bridging bone from the cranial to caudal vertebral bodies that is isodense with respect to the native trabeculae. Previous bone-remodeling areas (arrows) that had extended well into the vertebral bodies are now fully healed with isodense-to-slightly hypodense osteopenic trabeculae. Note the difference in trabecular thickness between these areas (arrows) and native trabeculae of the vertebral bodies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-quantitative-radiography-measurements-of-peri-1v5xj1zm.png Fig. 1 Mean quantitative radiography measurements of peri-implant resorption areas at all time periods following application of 1· and 7· doses of rhBMP-2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-fig-6-a-microradiograph-of-a-spinal-level-8-weeks-jt865vs1.png Fig. 6 Fig. 6-A Microradiograph of a spinal level 8 weeks after treatment with a 1· dose of rhBMP-2, showing endplate changes and bone resorption extending well into osseous trabeculae of the superior and inferior vertebral bodies. Osseous healing with hypodensemineralized trabeculae can be observed within these resorption zones and in the thrugrowth region of the disc space. Fig. 6-B Numerous foci of intramembranous ossification (arrows) are seen on the surfaces of the developing osseous fusion mass within the thrugrowth region of the PEEK device in this 7·-dose spinal level at 8 weeks (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification = 79·). Fig. 6-C Higher-magnification micrograph of the boxed region in Fig. 6-B, showing hypertrophied osteoblasts in intramembranous ossification on osseous trabeculae of the developing fusion mass within the PEEK interbody fusion device (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification= 200·). Fig. 6-DOsteoclastic resorption of bonewas still observed8weeks post-implantation in a 7·-dose spinal level at8weeks (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification = 200·). Fig. 6-E An incidental finding of the 8-week histological analysis was intracellular PEEK particulate debris (birefringentmaterial) and an attendant focalmild chronic inflammatory host response (hematoxylin and eosin, partially polarized light, https://scispace.com/papers/transient-non-linear-dynamic-analysis-of-automotive-disc-2pc4zvfkpp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-number-of-loss-of-contact-during-the-transient-2eezv7sy.png Figure 8: Number of loss of contact during the transient vibration for (a)µ = 0.3 and (b)µ = 0.35 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fundamental-frequencies-of-the-nonlinear-responses-1udyr4cs.png Table 1: Fundamental frequencies of the nonlinear responses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stability-analysis-of-the-brake-system-a-3fvd2sl4.png Figure 2: Stability analysis of the brake system (a) Frequencies (b) Real parts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-transient-non-linear-responses-of-the-brake-system-22gum1f2.png Figure 7: Transient non-linear responses of the brake system for µ = 0.35 (a) Time history fort = [0; 1]s (b) Wavelet power spectrum fort = [0; 1]s (c) Time history fort = [0; 5]s (d) Wavelet power spectrum for t = [0; 5]s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-evolution-of-the-average-vibration-during-test-a-x-2489jilk.png Figure 11: Evolution of the average vibration during test (a) X-direction (b) Y-direction (... µ = 0.26 for case 1; − µ = 0.26 for case 3; −− µ = 0.3; −.− µ = 0.35) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transient-non-linear-responses-of-the-brake-system-jmxgq0fp.png Figure 3: Transient non-linear responses of the brake system for µ = 0.26 (a) Time history fort = [0; 5]s(b) Wavelet power spectrum fort = [0; 5]s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-transient-non-linear-responses-of-the-brake-system-330h8w36.png Figure 6: Transient non-linear responses of the brake system for µ = 0.3 (a) Time history fort = [0; 5]s (b) Wavelet power spectrum fort = [0; 5]s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-number-of-loss-of-contact-during-the-transient-260lxuu5.png Figure 10: Number of loss of contact during the transient vibrat on forµ = 0.26 https://scispace.com/papers/transient-solution-of-a-thermoelastic-instability-problem-5757y75ut0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sliding-contact-of-an-elastic-half-plane-against-a-2fvu25o9.png Fig. 1. Sliding contact of an elastic half-plane against a rigid plane surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-exponential-growth-rate-as-a-function-of-sliding-speed-23hiofgd.png Fig. 2. Exponential growth rate as a function of sliding speed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-e4ect-of-time-step-on-the-accuracy-of-the-2los5btj.png Fig. 5. E4ect of time step on the accuracy of the eigenfunction expansion (V (0)=Vcr = 100). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-e4ect-of-the-number-of-terms-in-the-reduced-order-2w6w748q.png Fig. 6. E4ect of the number of terms in the reduced order model on the accuracy of the eigenfunction expansion (V (0)=Vcr = 100). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-growth-of-the-pressure-perturbation-with-a-linearly-2wbytjri.png Fig. 3. Growth of the pressure perturbation with a linearly decreasing sliding speed. Comparison of numerical simulation and the one-term approximation of Eqs. (5), (21). The initial speed V (0) = 10Vcr . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-growth-of-the-pressure-perturbation-for-a-larger-1eabt3gk.png Fig. 4. Growth of the pressure perturbation for a larger initial speed (V (0) = 100Vcr). https://scispace.com/papers/transient-propagation-dynamics-of-flowing-plasmas-273qpyiwl0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-ion-energy-distribution-function-iedf-and-b-electron-3clbfhui.png FIG. 2. (a) Ion energy distribution function (IEDF) and (b) electron energy probability functions (EEPFs) measured with a Langmuir probe over 0-12 eV and 12-21 eV using a rotating retarding field energy analyser (RFEA) during rf operation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-voltage-applied-to-the-extraction-grids-and-the-b-2mx1jzi3.png FIG. 4. (a) Voltage applied to the extraction grids and the (b) electron and ion currents, (c) spatially averaged optical emission (solid lines added for clarity), and (d) potential of the plasma beam. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-experimental-setup-for-electrical-3bhhdoou.png FIG. 1. Illustration of the experimental setup. For electrical measurements the beam target, Langmuir probe and retarding field energy analyser (RFEA) can be positioned at (r, z) = (0, 100) mm as shown by the open circle, and these are removed for measurements of the optical emission with the camera. The RFEA can be rotated to face the plasma source (rotation angle 0◦ shown) or in the r-direction (rotation angle 90◦). During ‘rf operation’, rf power is distributed between the ICP coil and extraction grids. In ‘dc operation’, rf power is coupled to the ICP coil only and a dc voltage source is connected across the grids. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-intensity-of-the-optical-emission-with-respect-to-1umq5wf8.png FIG. 3. Intensity of the optical emission with respect to axial distance for (a) rf operation and (b) dc operation. https://scispace.com/papers/transient-stability-analysis-in-multi-terminal-vsc-hvdc-jnlznw355p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-mtdc-response-for-ac-fault-duration-of-85-ms-a-dc-3hv5uikh.png Fig. 8. MTDC response for ac fault duration of 85 ms: (a) DC voltage at each converter terminal, (b) DC power at each converter terminal, (c) Aggregated rectifier and converter power flows https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-mtdc-response-for-ac-fault-duration-of-70-ms-a-dc-1mrqilvg.png Fig. 7. MTDC response for ac fault duration of 70 ms: (a) DC voltage at each converter terminal, (b) DC power at each converter terminal, (c) Aggregated rectifier and converter power flows https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-mtdc-response-for-ac-fault-duration-of-86-ms-a-dc-3frvh6h2.png Fig. 9. MTDC response for ac fault duration of 86 ms: (a) DC voltage at each converter terminal, (b) DC power at each converter terminal, (c) Aggregated rectifier and converter power flows https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-power-vs-voltage-capability-diagram-of-a-vsc-hvdc-36351oci.png Fig. 1. Power vs. voltage capability diagram of a VSC-HVDC converter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-terminal-equivalent-circuit-of-an-mtdc-grid-with-17zmvhby.png Fig. 2. Two-terminal equivalent circuit of an MTDC grid with aggregated rectifiers and inverters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-illustration-of-stable-case-of-ac-fault-impact-on-dc-1lm0pjte.png Fig. 4. Illustration of stable case of ac fault impact on dc power flow https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-power-vs-voltage-characteristics-curve-of-aggregated-yz3ujwkv.png Fig. 3. Power vs. Voltage characteristics curve of aggregated rectifying and inverting converter terminals https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-three-terminal-dc-grid-2vmuku27.png Fig. 5. A three terminal dc grid https://scispace.com/papers/transient-perturbation-growth-in-time-dependent-mixing-3eifaf3gq3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-the-black-line-with-x-symbols-shows-the-kz-zz4dipx5.png FIGURE 14. The black line with × symbols shows the kz dependence of the fraction of spanwise vorticity ωz with respect to total enstrophy ∫ ω2z dV/ ∫ |ω(t)|2 dV for the optimal responses from T0 = 20. The grey line with © symbols shows the energy fraction inside the ellipse that best fits the contour corresponding to 0.7 of the instantaneous maximum base flow vorticity. When this fraction is larger than 0.25 (shown with the grey horizontal line) we identify the response as being of E-type, which is shaded on the figure. Indicated beside each plot is the final time T of the optimization interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-34-instantaneous-growth-rate-s-t-thick-continuous-180f95ol.png FIGURE 34. Instantaneous growth rate σ(t) (thick continuous line) for the optimal perturbation from t = 0 to t = 120 and kz = π (H-type). The dotted line with • symbols shows the dissipation and also shown are the growth rate contributions from: , the mean shear; ⋄, the shear 2D and ×, the strain 2D. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-35-evolution-of-the-fraction-of-each-vorticity-159v8q05.png FIGURE 35. Evolution of the fraction of each vorticity component with respect to total enstrophy ∫ ωi (t) 2 dV/ ∫ |ω(t)|2 dV for the optimal perturbation from t = 0 to t = 120 with kz = π (H-type). The continuous line corresponds to ωy, the dashed line corresponds to ωz and the dash-dotted line corresponds to ωx. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-evolution-of-the-fraction-of-each-vorticity-1tanixn5.png FIGURE 16. Evolution of the fraction of each vorticity component with respect to total enstrophy ∫ ωi (t) 2 dV/ ∫ |ω(t)|2 dV for the optimal perturbation from t = 20 to t = 60 with kx = kkh and kz = π/5 (E-type). The continuous line corresponds to ωy, the dashed line corresponds to ωz and the dash-dotted line corresponds to ωx. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-instantaneous-growth-rate-s-t-thick-continuous-2ecs6gzu.png FIGURE 15. Instantaneous growth rate σ(t) (thick continuous line, as defined in (3.7)) of the optimal perturbation from t = 20 to t = 60 and kz = π/5 of the E-type mode. The dotted line with • symbols shows the dissipation and also shown are the growth rate contributions from: , the mean shear; ⋄, the shear 2D and ×, the strain 2D. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-optimal-gain-versus-kz-for-different-optimization-2mt1rg6u.png FIGURE 5. Optimal gain versus kz for different optimization times as indicated on the figure with an optimization interval starting at T0 = 0. For comparison the dotted lines show the results for T = 10, 20 of the primary instability presented in § 3. The • and symbols on the T = 60 curve correspond respectively to the E-type and H-type perturbations subsequently described in more detail. For all curves, the kx = kkh = 0.4425, except for the dotted line for T = 10, where kx = 2kkh. The lines marked S60 are segments of two subdominant branches for T = 60. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-evolution-of-the-fraction-of-each-vorticity-18hao2m2.png FIGURE 9. Evolution of the fraction of each vorticity component with respect to total enstrophy ∫ ωi (t) 2 dV/ ∫ |ω(t)|2 dV for the optimal perturbation from t = 0 to t = 60 with kx = kkh, and kz = π/5 (E-type) in (a) and kz = π (H-type) in (b). The continuous lines correspond to ωy, the dashed lines correspond to ωz and the dash-dotted lines correspond to ωx. Also shown with thin lines extending up to t = 20 are the same quantities for the OLE (a) and OLH (b) optimal perturbations of the frozen tanh profile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-optimal-gain-versus-kz-for-t0-20-and-t-70-for-qn7kaabu.png FIGURE 22. Optimal gain versus kz for T0 = 20 and T = 70 for different Reynolds numbers Re, as indicated on the figure. https://scispace.com/papers/transient-thermal-modeling-of-a-nanoscale-hot-spot-in-3twyiaypa1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-transient-hot-spot-temperature-profile-for-a-silicon-1p2ikrmy.png FIG. 3. Transient hot-spot temperature profile for: a silicon film and b silicon–oxide double layer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-steady-state-temperature-profile-inside-the-double-3o252hy2.png FIG. 2. Steady state temperature profile inside the double layer. Inset Temperature slip at the interface as a function of double layer thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phonon-lbm-simulation-results-for-hot-spot-showing-2ogrrvbr.png FIG. 1. Phonon LBM simulation results for hot spot showing subcontinuum temperature rise and deviation from FE predictions. https://scispace.com/papers/transient-three-dimensional-side-load-analysis-of-a-film-38djdtgr7u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-236v2113.png Fig. 8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-computed-stub-nozzle-side-force-history-during-startup-ip6lgjly.png Fig. 9 Computed stub nozzle side force history during startup at sea level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-computed-side-force-histories-during-startup-at-three-2e42klgy.png Fig. 7 Computed side force histories during startup at three high altitudes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-computed-stub-nozzle-side-force-history-during-1lad9q5c.png Fig. 10 Computed stub nozzle side force history during shutdown at sea level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulated-inlet-pressure-and-temperature-histories-for-xh39rlvj.png Fig. 1 Simulated inlet pressure and temperature histories for the main combustion chamber and turbine exhaust gas flows during the start-up transient. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulated-inlet-species-mass-fraction-histories-for-koqgt13o.png Fig. 2 Simulated inlet species mass fraction histories for the main combustion chamber and turbine exhaust gas flows during the start-up transient. https://scispace.com/papers/transit-service-contracting-and-cost-efficiency-5a7c95bbbx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-linear-multiple-regression-model-1993-2ssomyh6.png Table 4: Results of Linear Multiple Regression Model, 1993 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-variables-used-in-linear-multiple-regression-model-1yz1qyz0.png Table 3: Variables Used in Linear Multiple Regression Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-operating-costs-per-revenue-hour-indexed-to-o71fcxay.png Figure 2: Operating Costs per Revenue Hour Indexed to Inflation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cumulative-change-in-revenue-hours-for-operators-3ifyfs9z.png Figure 3: Cumulative Change in Revenue Hours for Operators Contracting Some Routes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-operating-costs-per-revenue-hour-ugk985ey.png Table 1: Operating Costs per Revenue Hour https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-operating-costs-per-revenue-hour-23lkkiaj.png Figure 1: System Operating Costs per Revenue Hour https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-operating-costs-per-revenue-hour-for-operators-1rihoe4u.png Table 2: Operating Costs per Revenue Hour for Operators Contracting Some Routes https://scispace.com/papers/transit-stop-environments-and-waiting-time-perception-3k2lbvqoo7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reported-waits-versus-observed-waits-2-28598p3i.png FIGURE 3: Reported waits versus observed waits 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-site-selection-matrix-1-22uh3ujp.png TABLE 1: Site selection matrix 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-observed-wait-times-20-21-82qf2e04.png FIGURE 2: Distribution of observed wait times 20 21 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-prediction-of-observed-waiting-times-17-18-fuuvz3oj.png FIGURE 4: Prediction of observed waiting times 17 18 CONCLUSION 19 The results strongly support the research hypothesis that the surrounding environment of transit 20 stops and stations affects transit user’s wait time perception. They show in particular that air 21 pollution, traffic awareness, and presence of mature trees are significantly correlated with wait 22 time perception. The model predicts significant overestimates of the relatively short waits most 23 riders who participated experienced. For waits longer than 5 minutes, both air pollution and 24 traffic awareness increase the overestimation of wait time. The presence of a lot of mature trees, 25 however, reduces the wait time perception and even leads transit users to underestimate the wait 26 times for waits longer than 5 minutes. The combination of the three variables indicates that after 27 5 minutes wait, the presence of trees achieves to compensate the effects of both air pollution and 28 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-model-results-7-3feed7gv.png TABLE 2: Regression Model Results 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-data-collection-sites-3-32birzsj.png FIGURE 1: Data collection sites 3 https://scispace.com/papers/transit-signatures-of-inhomogeneous-clouds-on-hot-jupiters-3ul6d1gl6i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-combined-particle-size-distributions-for-all-cloud-37tzoyyu.png Figure 4. Combined particle size distributions for all cloud species at various atmospheric pressure levels for an 1800 K hot Jupiter at the west limb. These size distributions are not lognormal and exhibit distinct bumps due to the different formation modes (i.e., nucleation mode vs. growth mode) of different cloud species. A lognormal size distribution is shown for reference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-absolute-value-of-the-difference-between-1ky4bmij.png Figure 11. The absolute value of the difference between considering the fully resolved cloud particle size distribution (black spectrum) and assuming a mean particle size with the same cloud mass (blue, red, and green spectra) can be as large as 700 ppm. Here we show the 2100 K planet at the east (left) and west (right) limbs and the difference between the full size distribution and a calculated mean size (bottom left). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-same-as-figure-7-but-for-microphysical-parameters-1nm0podz.png Figure 12. Same as Figure 7, but for microphysical parameters that lead to less cloud formation for a hot Jupiter with Teq=2000 K. The spectra at the east limb appear significantly less cloudy than the spectra for the same object with different microphysical parameters shown in Figure 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-comparison-of-the-spectra-on-the-eastern-and-2txvr2c3.png Figure 13. Comparison of the spectra on the eastern and western sides of 2100 K planet with clouds at short (top) and long (bottom) wavelengths, and a scale diagram showing the resulting difference in radius (highlighted in green), which forms the input of the TERMINATOR model. The scale of the atmosphere has been increased by a factor of 5 for clarity. In this case, the asymmetry of the planet is significantly greater at short wavelengths owing to the scattering slope feature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-detectability-of-the-light-curve-asymmetry-in-the-m1pzkdrn.png Figure 17. Detectability of the light curve asymmetry in the test system as a function of equilibrium temperature. Cases marked with a (+) are those where clouds are present at their maximal level; those marked with a (0) are where no clouds are calculated. Atmosphere strength is the modulus of the “atm” value for the wavelength with the strongest asymmetry effect, i.e., it is the additional fractional area of the star covered compared to a model with no additional atmosphere. The length of the bar is the 68% credible interval. The color code is a sigma-equivalent of the Bayes factor for how favored the asymmetrical model is in each instance to the uniform one. Blue indicates strong evidence for the more complex model, gray that the Bayes factor was too small to make a strong inference, and red that the simpler model is preferred. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-particle-number-top-and-mass-density-bottom-1klbs0cd.png Figure 5. Particle number (top) and mass density (bottom) distributions at the east limb (left), west limb (middle), and pole (right) for a hot Jupiter with an equilibrium temperature of 2000 K. The cloud species shown are TiO2 (blue), Mg2SiO4 (purple), Al2O3 (green), Fe (red), and Cr (orange). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-column-integrated-condensed-mass-density-at-the-3rfam5jo.png Figure 6. The column-integrated condensed mass density at the west limb (purple) exceeds that at the east limb (orange) for all equilibrium temperatures and those at the pole (green) for all but the coolest equilibrium temperature. The planet with Teq=1800 K has more mass at the pole than the west limb, though the majority of the mass is present in the deep atmosphere and does not contribute to the observed spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-transmission-spectra-black-lines-for-a-hot-jupiter-at6s7gbn.png Figure 10. Transmission spectra (black lines) for a hot Jupiter with an equilibrium temperature of 2000 K at the east and west limbs. The blue lines are the opacity continuum from clouds. The cloud-free transmission spectrum at the east limb is shown in gray. At the west limbs, clouds dominate the spectra at all wavelengths. At the east limb, clouds contribute to muted transmission features at short wavelengths and a sloped optical spectrum. There is a relatively clear window at ∼5–9 μm and enhanced silicate and aluminum cloud opacity from 10 to 20 μm. https://scispace.com/papers/transition-from-asynchronous-to-oscillatory-dynamics-in-1ysh59somy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-panels-show-from-top-to-bottom-the-raster-plots-3k6p791j.png FIG. 1. The panels show (from top to bottom) the raster plots and the corresponding time traces for the membrane potential viðtÞ of a representative neuron, for VðtÞ and RðtÞ. Left row (black): QIF and right row (blue): ML. The parameter values are N ¼ 10 000, K ¼ 1000, Δ ¼ 0.3, g0 ¼ 1, and I0 ¼ 0.015. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-raster-plot-for-a-network-of-ne-1-4-20-000-3mkr3jmm.png FIG. 4. The raster plot for a network of NE ¼ 20 000 excitatory (green) and NI ¼ 5000 inhibitory (red) QIF neurons is displayed in (a). In (c) and (d) the COs’ frequencies, measured from the power spectrum SðνÞ of the mean voltage VðtÞ [shown in (b)], are reported as symbols versus the excitatory dc current Ie0. The dashed lines are the theoretical mean-field predictions. The values of the parameters are reported in Ref. [22]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-upper-panels-average-firing-rates-hri-versus-k-for-qif-h834yrig.png FIG. 3. Upper panels: average firing rates hRi versus K for QIF (a) and ML (b), the horizontal dashed (magenta) lines denote Ra and the solid (red) line in (a) R̄ in Eq. (6). The choice of parameters (I0, Δ0) sets the dynamics as asynchronous: (1, 3) in (a) and (0.05, 8) in (b). Lower panels: νosc versus I0 (c) and versus K (d) for the QIF, the insets display the same quantities for the ML. The red solid line in (c) refers to νth, and in (d) to the theoretically predicted scaling νth ∼ K 1 4; the red dashed line in the inset of (c) and (d) to power-law fitting νosc ≃ I0.40 and νosc ≃ K0.10, respectively. Oscillatory dynamics is observable for the selected parameter’s values (I0, Δ0): (0.05, 0.3) in (c) and (0.05, 0.5) in (d). Other parameters’ values N ¼ 10 000, g0 ¼ 1, and K ¼ 1000 in (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-upper-panels-order-parameter-r-versus-k-for-qif-a-and-2t7hz5z8.png FIG. 2. Upper panels: order parameter ρ versus K for QIF (a) and ML (b), the insets report the corresponding CVs. The lower panels display in the upper part ρ and in the lower one the CV versus I0 (c) and Δ0 (d) for the QIF. The data refer to various system sizes: namely, N ¼ 2000 (black), 5000 (red), 10 000 (green), and 20 000 (violet). The employed parameters are I0 ¼ 0.1, g0 ¼ 5, and Δ0 ¼ 1 for ML (b); for QIF g0 ¼ 1, Δ0 ¼ 0.1, I0 ¼ 0.006, K ¼ 1000 when not otherwise stated. https://scispace.com/papers/transition-from-being-ok-to-not-ok-with-tooth-loss-among-a-2gz52xmzfl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-process-of-data-analysis-and-the-construction-of-3lt70449.png Table 2 Process of data analysis and the construction of themes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-of-the-participants-320iu86w.png Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the participants. https://scispace.com/papers/transition-from-pure-state-to-mixed-state-entanglement-by-2jv53z2v6f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-concurrencekcl-as-a-function-of-the-numbern-of-13zhdyz0.png FIG. 3. Average concurrencekCl as a function of the numberN of detected modes, for the case of polarization-conserving scattering of both beams(open squares) and one beam(closed squares). The data points are the result of a numerical average. The dashed line is the asymptotic result(5.6) and the dotted line is the analytical result (5.8). The pseudoconcurrenceC8 is identical to C for polarization-conserving scattering. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-concurrencekcl-squares-and-pseudoconcurrence-315ldto2.png FIG. 2. Average concurrencekCl (squares) and pseudoconcurrence kC8l (triangles) as a function of the numberN of detected modes. Closed symbols are for the case that only one of the two beams is scattered and open symbols for the case that both beams are scattered. The decay ofkC8l in the latter case could not be determined accurately enough and is therefore omitted from the plot. The solid lines are the analytically obtained exponential decays, with constantsA=3 ln 3−4 ln 2 andB=lns11+5Î5d−ln 2, cf. Eqs.(4.8) and (4.12). https://scispace.com/papers/transition-from-spin-orbit-to-hyperfine-interaction-4vblsa0p8m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sketch-of-the-sample-and-experimental-setup-coupled-a9hqjsfq.png FIG. 1. (a) Sketch of the sample and experimental setup. Coupled quantum wells subjected to an electric field in the z direction are excited with circularly polarized light resonant with the DX energy. (b) Band diagram of the biased GaAs/AlGaAs coupled quantum wells. A resonant excitation of the DX transition is followed by an electron tunneling across the barrier and the formation of IXs. (c) Hyperfine interaction-induced spin relaxation for localized excitons: relaxation rate is inversely proportional to the electron-spin correlation time τc. This mechanism is quenched for mobile excitons. (d) Dyakonov-Perel spin-relaxation mechanism for moving excitons via fluctuations of the effective magnetic field induced by spinorbit interaction. Relaxation rate is proportional to the momentum scattering time τp https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-ix-radiative-lifetime-tr-used-in-the-modeling-see-3ocjbguq.png FIG. 4. (a) IX radiative lifetime τr used in the modeling, see Sec. II and Eq. (1). (b) IX cloud width at half maximum of intensity profile as a function of excitation power for several temperatures. IX spin lifetime τs (c) and exciton diffusion coefficient (d) are extracted from the drift-diffusion modeling of the PL spatial profiles, as those shown in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spatial-distribution-of-ix-emission-intensity-at-357meuwf.png FIG. 3. Spatial distribution of IX emission intensity at several temperatures and excitation powers. σ+ (blue circles) and σ− (red squares) intensity profiles are compared to the excitation spot profile (black dashed line). The solid lines are a fit to the model presented in Sec. IV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-coded-spatially-resolved-pl-spectra-of-ixs-in-1goddkbk.png FIG. 2. Color-coded spatially resolved PL spectra of IXs in the two orthogonal circular polarizations. The measurements at three different excitation powers and three temperatures are shown. Each data set is normalized to its maximum in σ+ polarization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ix-spin-lifetime-as-a-function-of-the-diffusion-u0qew4la.png FIG. 5. IX spin lifetime as a function of the diffusion constant as extracted from the drift-diffusion modeling. Black line is the theoretical estimation based on Eq. (8). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-polarization-resolved-ple-of-ix-a-the-integrated-pl-1uyim1vb.png FIG. 6. Polarization-resolved PLE of IX. (a) The integrated PL intensity, monitored at the IX line for both polarizations. (b) The PL energy and (c) the degree of circular Polarization (DOP). A negative DOP means that the PL of the IX has the opposite circular polarization with respect to the circularly polarized exciting laser. The laser power here is 1.3 μW and is circularly polarized with σ+. The energies of (e1:hh1) DX and (e1:lh1) DX are pointed in (c) as a guide to the eye. https://scispace.com/papers/transition-fronts-for-periodic-bistable-reaction-diffusion-kv3207tkrf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stationary-fronts-0-u-x-u-x-v-x-v-x-1-and-14zrk6bg.png Figure 1: Stationary fronts 0 < u−(x) < u+(x) ≤ v−(x) < v+(x) < 1 and transition fronts u and v such that u−(x) < u(t, x) < u+(x) and v−(x) < v(t, x) < v+(x). https://scispace.com/papers/transition-metal-solute-interactions-with-point-defects-in-4507ryvjbl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-vacancy-solute-binding-energies-at-1nn-eb-37ufpxtm.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Vacancy-solute binding energies at 1nn, Eb(vac,X; 1nn), (a) across the TM series and (b) versus the solute size factor, SF(sub), in fct afmD Fe. The error bars identify the spread in binding energies over the three distinct 1nn sites, namely 1a, 1b, and 1c in Fig. 5, with the data point chosen at the center of this range. Panel (b) also shows the results of fits to the combined data set using a linear, Eb = 0.49 SF, or squared, Eb = 0.47 SF2, functional dependence. The data are given in Appendix B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-comparison-of-a-the-substitutional-4wh3r44t.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Comparison of (a) the substitutional formation energies relative to the free atom, Efreef (sub), and (b) the solute size factors, SF(sub), between fct afmD Fe and bcc fm Fe [21]. The data are given in Appendix B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-most-stable-of-the-three-distinct-stacked-ddw-2y63f132.png FIG. 11. The most stable of the three distinct stacked-DDW structures for a tetravacancy cluster in fct afmD Fe. The arrows indicate the local moments on the Fe atoms (circles) and the magnetic planes are shown explicitly. Vacancies are shown as small squares. The two central Fe atoms repel one another away from their relaxed positions in the DDW subunits but maintain the large moments of around 3 μB found previously [17]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-etotb-is-the-total-binding-energy-between-n-57x5g6sv.png TABLE IV. Etotb is the total binding energy between n vacancies and a substitutional Y solute in a vacn-Y cluster; Evacb is the energy gained by adding preexisiting vacancy to a vacn−1-Y cluster. Finally EYb is the energy gained on adding Y solute to a vacn cluster. All numbers concern the most stable clusters in fct afmD Fe. The difference between Etotb and E Y b is, therefore, the total binding energy of the most stable vacn cluster. The errors give the spread in binding energies over the distinct configurations in fct afmD Fe that would be equivalent in austenite. Degeneracy is not considered: it would typically contribute a few hundredths of an eV to the free energy through configurational entropy. For n = 4, only the most stable configuration was used and for n = 5 the most stable cluster is uniquely defined in fct afmD Fe. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-crystallographic-parameters-for-a-mn-the-lattice-wrkmamtb.png TABLE VI. Crystallographic parameters for α-Mn. The lattice parameters, a and c, are in Å, the atomic volume, Vatom, in Å 3 , and the other internal parameters are dimensionless. The results of Yamada et al. [50] are for para α-Mn extrapolated to 0 K. The results of Lawson et al. [55] were measured at 15 K. Magnetic moments, μ, are given in μB for the distinct atomic types centered on (0,0,0), with the moments around ( 12 , 1 2 , 1 2 ) antiparallel to these. For the noncollinear structure of Lawson et al. [55] the magnitudes of the moments are given and the sign indicates the moment direction when projected onto the MnI moments about (0,0,0). It should be noted that the relative orientations of the moments from Hobbs et al. [49] were determined from figures in that work given the lack of clarity in their specification in the text and tables. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-distinct-configurations-for-an-interacting-vacancy-2em4pw71.png FIG. 5. Distinct configurations for an interacting vacancy (white square) and substitutional solute (gray) in fct afmD Fe at up to 4nn separation. Fe atoms (white) are shown with arrows to indicate the local moments. Configuration labels are used to refer to both the substitutional site and the jump path which exchanges the solute with the defect. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-distinct-types-of-vacancy-white-square-jumps-near-1x5pb50m.png FIG. 6. The distinct types of vacancy (white square) jumps near a substitutional solute (black circle) in the fcc lattice for the five-frequency model of Lidiard and LeClaire [39,40]. Solvent metal atoms involved in the vacancy jumps (gray circles) are distinguished from those in the background matrix (white circles). With the vacancy initially at 1nn to the solute the jumps can either maintain a 1nn separation (ω1), have the vacancy exchange with the solute (ω2), or involve dissociation or association 2nn, 3nn, and 4nn separation (ω3/4). The arrow shows dissociation direction ω3; association (ω4) is in the opposite direction. Other vacancy jumps are considered identical to the pure solvent (ω0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-change-in-formation-energy-ef-o21a-in-ev-yzksc13b.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Change in formation energy, Ef (ω2,1a), in eV, for the 3d TM solutes in fct afmD Fe along the 1a jump path for vacancy-solute exchange (see Fig. 5). The zero of energy corresponds to a noninteracting vacancy and substitutional solute. The reaction coordinate is the solute position, after rescaling, with 0 or 1 corresponding to a perfectly on-site solute and 0.5 to the case where it is halfway between the two lattice sites, that is to the SCD. The higher dotted line gives the vacancy migration energy for this jump path in pure fct afmD Fe. https://scispace.com/papers/transition-of-nanofluids-flow-in-an-inclined-heated-pipe-1ozd9xieo8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-variations-of-temperature-along-the-pipe-for-3iuy7cf3.png Figure 10: Variations of temperature along the pipe for different inclination angles(a) θ = 0°, (b) θ = 15°, (c) θ = 30°, (d) θ = 45°, (e) θ = 60°, (f) θ = 75° and Re = 3500 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-temperature-contours-for-different-inclination-3awc6565.png Figure 11: Temperature contours for different inclination angles (a) θ = 0°, (b) θ = 15°, (c) θ = 30°, (d) θ = 45°, (e) θ = 60°, (f) θ = 75° and Re = 3500 at axial position x = 0.1 m, 0.25 m, 0.5 m, 0.75 m and 1.0 m respectively https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variations-of-axial-velocity-along-the-pipe-for-5ry61t5w.png Figure 6: Variations of axial velocity along the pipe for different inclination angles (a) θ = 0°, (b) θ = 15°, (c) θ = 30°, (d) θ = 45°, (e) θ = 60°, (f) θ = 75° and Re = 3500 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-variations-of-average-nusselt-number-with-cwkz5els.png Figure 16: Variations of Average Nusselt number with different Reynolds numbers for different inclination angles, θ = 0° to 75° https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-variations-of-maximum-turbulent-kinetic-energy-k-22xv5d01.png Figure 14: Variations of maximum turbulent kinetic energy (k) with Reynolds numbers for different inclination angles, θ = 0° to 75° https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-variations-of-darcy-friction-factor-with-different-3lxqcqrc.png Figure 15: Variations of Darcy friction factor with different Reynolds numbers for different inclination angles, θ = 0° to 75° https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-velocity-contours-for-different-inclination-angles-3h3fagua.png Figure 7: Velocity contours for different inclination angles (a) θ = 0°, (b) θ = 15°, (c)θ = 30°, (d) θ = 45°, (e) θ = 60°, (f) θ = 75° and Re = 3500 at axial position x = 0.1 m, 0.25 m, 0.5 m, 0.75 m and 1.0 m(left to right) respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-variations-of-turbulent-kinetic-energy-along-the-18sbwk3x.png Figure 8: Variations of turbulent kinetic energy along the pipe for different inclination angles (a) θ = 0°, (b) θ = 15°, (c) θ = 30°, (d) θ = 45°, (e) θ = 60°, (f) θ = 75° and Re = 3500 https://scispace.com/papers/transition-of-molecule-orientation-during-adsorption-of-2ujpveobjg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-nc-afm-topography-image-of-0-9-ml-tpa-on-tio2-110-1wcxww1t.png Figure 8. NC-AFM topography image of ∼0.9 ML TPA on TiO2(110). Single defects in the first monolayer are observed, one marked by a white triangle. Molecules on top of the first monolayer are present and ascribed to adsorption due to surface impurities. One is marked by a dashed circle. Furthermore, areas with a striped pattern are seen; one is marked by a solid circle. The inset depicts the 2D FFT of the image, revealing the (2 × 1) superstructure. Before performing the FFT, the image was properly calibrated as well as corrected for linear drift in the lateral and vertical directions.33 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-of-the-tio2-110-surface-titanium-atoms-are-2bymw3cp.png Figure 1. Model of the TiO2(110) surface. Titanium atoms are shown as small black circles; oxygen atoms, as large gray circles. The bridging oxygen rows are indicated in lighter gray. Additionally, three typical surface defects are shown: oxygen vacancies as well as single and double hydroxyls, all of which are situated in the bridging oxygen rows. The distances indicated are bulk values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-carbon-k-nexafs-spectra-for-0-07-ml-of-tpa-fxzt07sf.png Figure 3. (a) Carbon K NEXAFS spectra for 0.07 ML of TPA coverage measured at different photon incidence angles. (b) Difference of the spectra measured at θ ) 90° and 20°. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sublimation-characteristics-of-tpa-measured-with-a-29x4p8aj.png Figure 5. Sublimation characteristics of TPA measured with a quartz crystal microbalance. The temperatures were measured with a thermocouple melted into one end of the crucible and a density of 1.457 g/cm3 was used to convert to film thickness.27 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-nc-afm-images-of-tpa-on-tio2-110-a-topography-and-b-2fxshk4x.png Figure 6. NC-AFM images of TPA on TiO2(110). (a) Topography and (b) corresponding ∆f channel. The images are taken in an intermediate constant-height/constant-detuning mode31 for tip stability reasons. The bright rows correspond to the titanium rows because linkers are seen in between (some marked by a circle). One single molecule is marked by a rectangle. https://scispace.com/papers/transition-states-in-ei-reactions-3l4cr8qy19 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bond-distances-nm-in-substituted-sulfoxides-21axd20p.png Table 3. Bond distances (nm) in substituted sulfoxides transition structures [B3LYP/6-31+G(2d,p)] https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bond-distances-nm-in-substituted-amine-oxide-m68udpl3.png Table 4. Bond distances (nm) in substituted amine oxide transition structures [B3LYP/6-31þG(2d,p)] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-ei-reaction-dmelo0fn.png Figure 1. The Ei reaction https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-method-and-basis-set-on-transition-266d30bz.png Table 1. Effect of method and basis set on transition structure bond distances (nm) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mulliken-charge-densities-and-calculated-activation-37q0tyok.png Table 2. Mulliken charge densities and calculated activation energies for the Ei reaction [B3LYP/6-31+G(2d,p)] https://scispace.com/papers/transitioning-from-standard-automation-solutions-to-cyber-4mbrtc0hmw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cyber-physical-module-interfaces-3phpcwt9.png Fig. 3. Cyber-Physical Module Interfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conventional-automation-stack-104c291o.png Fig. 1. Conventional automation stack. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simplified-architectural-view-of-an-example-hal-3cschmv3.png Fig. 4. Simplified Architectural View of an Example HAL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dimensions-of-distributed-self-organizing-and-bio-102rw3ah.png Fig. 5. Dimensions of Distributed, Self-organizing and Bio-inspired designs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-potential-modularity-scope-and-granularity-boundaries-7ncjhv2m.png Fig. 2. Potential modularity, scope, and granularity boundaries. https://scispace.com/papers/translating-between-implicit-and-explicit-versions-of-proof-23kgf4uypy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-certificate-format-including-maximal-details-3jbu5j6o.png Fig. 3. A certificate format including maximal details https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-pairing-fpc-1k8i6nbm.png Fig. 2. The pairing FPC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-complexity-of-certificate-elaboration-200dy0z2.png Fig. 4. Complexity of certificate elaboration https://scispace.com/papers/translating-the-emotions-some-uses-of-animus-in-vergil-s-414ov795ha 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-words-chosen-by-translators-to-represent-occurrences-1kqivuy0.png TABLE 1 Words chosen by translators to represent occurrences of animus in Vergil’s Aeneid 1 https://scispace.com/papers/transitioning-together-a-narrative-analysis-of-the-support-1gfc853x8v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-information-detailing-participants-relationship-and-2qfkeiu5.png Table 2: Information detailing participants’ relationship and their partners’ transition https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-demographic-information-21rhlmex.png Table 1: Participant demographic information https://scispace.com/papers/translating-visually-the-reasoning-of-a-perceptron-the-mpyejtr65a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rainbow-boxes-displaying-8-properties-of-the-20-2obj8lq8.png Figure 2. Rainbow boxes displaying 8 properties of the 20 amino-acids. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-weighted-rainbow-boxes-showing-the-available-2rbpr5pl.png Figure 4. Weighted rainbow boxes showing the available antibiotics and their disadvantages in the pyelonephritis indication. The table on the right shows the inputs and their weights (determined in section IV.B), and for each drug, the values of the input vector and the output. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-perceptron-for-the-antibiotherapy-application-3a7kpktu.png Figure 5. Perceptron for the antibiotherapy application. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-example-of-a-perceptron-top-with-3-inputs-and-346wi4ol.png Figure 3. An example of a perceptron (top) with 3 inputs, and its visual representation using weighted rainbow boxes, for the four following (I1, I2, I3) input vectors: (0, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1), (0, 0, 1) and (0, 0, 0) (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-of-the-evaluation-red-means-do-not-agree-at-3me1am7q.png Table I RESULTS OF THE EVALUATION. RED MEANS “DO NOT AGREE AT ALL”, LIGHT RED “NOT AGREE”, GRAY “NEUTRAL”, LIGHT GREEN “AGREE” AND GREEN “FULLY AGREE”. THE NUMBERS INDICATES THE NUMBER OF GPS THAT GAVE THIS RESPONSE. https://scispace.com/papers/translation-of-array-based-loops-to-distributed-data-5exfpd0t27 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-semantics-of-a-parallelizable-program-3uuldd9e.png Figure 4: Semantics of a parallelizable program https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-compilation-time-in-secs-3fv5657w.png Table 1: Compilation time in secs https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parallel-par-vs-sequential-seq-evaluation-time-in-3g86al9k.png Table 2: Parallel (par) vs Sequential (seq) evaluation time in secs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-performance-of-diablo-relative-to-hand-written-2i6vt0pz.png Figure 3: Performance of DIABLO relative to hand-written Spark code https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rules-for-translating-loop-based-programs-to-target-2eacrai4.png Figure 2: Rules for translating loop-based programs to target code https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-syntax-of-loop-based-programs-38itaafu.png Figure 1: Syntax of loop-based programs https://scispace.com/papers/translational-diffusion-of-water-in-compacted-clay-systems-20qyl5qctg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-translational-diffusion-coefficients-and-residence-16rp3ofx.png Table 1. Translational diffusion coefficients and residence times for different clays at room temperature. The crossed out values were not used in computing the average (see argument above). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-i-fitted-raw-tof-data-by-2-lorentzian-curves-n-1-ii-1fabpbc9.png Fig. 2. (I) Fitted raw TOF data by 2 Lorentzian curves, n = 1. (II) Linewidth of the QENS spectra ΓT (Q) measured at room temperature. a) λ = 3.65 Å, n = 2, b) λ = 5.75 Å, n = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-clay-structure-the-lattice-d-spacing-given-et5rmaq2.png Fig. 1. Schematic clay structure. The lattice d-spacing (given in Å) was measured by X-ray diffraction. https://scispace.com/papers/translators-perspectives-the-construction-of-the-peruvian-1veibiik31 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-18jercxn.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/papers/translocation-and-duplication-from-crispr-cas9-editing-in-50dzz41apm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cuts-on-different-chromosomes-can-result-in-1045z2py.png Figure 3. Cuts on different chromosomes can result in translocation. A. Structure of T-DNA expressing Cas9 and sgRNAs targeting intergenic sites NG1, NG2 and NG3 (Table S2). B. Location of intergenic targets on chromosomes 2, 3 and 5 with the corresponding PCR primers used to produce amplicons for Sanger sequencing. C. Alignment of T1 DNA Sanger sequences to in-silico translocation junctions show three perfect events and one containing both a deletion and insertion. PAM sequences are in black boxes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dual-cuts-flanking-the-entire-lec1-gene-frequently-2bcm6a83.png Figure 6. Dual cuts flanking the entire LEC1 gene frequently results in perfect recombination junctions consistent with circularization or duplication. A. Map of the locations of the Cas9 target sequences flanking an 8.5 kb segment containing two genes and one pseudogene. B. Eighteen out of 43 primary transformants yielded PCR bands using primers A and B that were of the expected size for segment duplication or circularization. Sequencing with Sanger technology revealed that sixteen bands were the expected recombinant junctions; the other two bands were not sequenced. Each of the sixteen chromatograms is independent from the others because each band came from an independent primary transformant. Seven of the 16 junctions were perfect and 9 contained indels or chimerism near the junction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-induced-duplication-in-ch1-the-same-pedigree-3lzcctdg.png Figure 5. Induced duplication in CH1. The same pedigree starting with yellow T1#24 is repeated in A,B,D, and E. Each box in T2 and T3 generation represents a class of individuals whose numbers are noted inside the box. A. A single green, Cas9-free T2 carries a knockout allele. B. Analysis of “inner” junction PCR product (Fig. 4-C). C. CH1 gene map with cut sites and primers used for PCR. The table illustrates how in the genotyping assay the long duplication PCR product is not detected,probably because of differential amplification efficiency. D. Genotyping assay for the long PCR product found in duplication homozygotes. For a precise tandem duplication of the 2.3 kb segment, the expected PCR band sizes are 2.8 kb for single copy and 5.2 kb for duplication. (C). E. Soma and germline genotypes consistent with the observations. The yellow progenitor T1-#24 was evidently chimeric suggesting multiple mutagenesis in soma leading to virtually complete inactivation of CH1 and yellow phenotype. Its germinal cells were heterozygous, carrying a wild-type CH1 allele and an inactive ch1 duplication allele. The T2 generation displayed a 3:1 ratio of large to small PCR products (Chi-squared p-value = 0.337). Yellow T2s displaying the large PCR product are likely homozygotes that inherited the inactive ch1-duplication allele. The T2s that displayed the small PCR product inherited at least one wild-type CH1 allele. Cas9-positive T2s were all yellow and fall in two categories: 9 of them display the small PCR product. The 4 T2s in this group of 9 that did not display the junction fragment inherited two wild-type alleles. Their yellow phenotype is consistent with virtually complete mutagenesis of their soma. The 3 T9 that display the large duplication product were most likely homozygous for the knockout duplication allele and not chimeric. The single Cas9-negative T2 was green and must have been heterozygous because it formed T3 progeny of two phenotypic classes. Ratios of large:small PCR products (B), and yellow:green pigment individuals (C) coincided (42:10), fitting a mendelian 3:1 F2 ratio (Chi-squared p-value = 0.873). The Cas9-free branch provides good evidence for the model in E. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-translocation-characteristics-and-1vg96gwt.png Table 1: Summary of translocation characteristics and frequencies in T1 plants that each receivd 2 sgRNAs targeting estimated boundaries of a promoter and 1 sgRNA targeting a different chromosome. 1. Each PCR primer pair designates a translocation junction of interest. The primer locations are as described in Figure 7A. 2. Some targets were chosen so that a perfect translocation junction will reform a target sequence that is expected to be recut until an imperfect translocation junction is formed. (See Fig. S6). 3. Some targets were chosen so that a perfect circularization junction will reform a target sequence that is expected to be recut until an imperfect circularization junction is formed (See Fig. S6) 4. Segmental translocations are expected to result in monocentric translocations, but chromosome arm translocations can result in acentric, monocentric or dicentric chromosomes 5. Every locus in the Arabidopsis genome has a closest distance to the KNOT as measured in base pairs 48–50. The distance of each of the two target loci to the KNOT were added together as an estimation of the physical closeness of the two loci 6. Only junction CF is expected to activate LEC1 or WUS1 , because only that junction has the 3’ end of the highly expressed promoter facing into the 5’ end of LEC1 or WUS1 near their transcription start sites (TSS). Primer BE is noninformative regarding gene activation because that junction involves neither the 3’ promoter end nor the TSS of interest. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-viable-and-inviable-repair-events-after-occurrence-1cvqc0dr.png Figure 9. Viable and inviable repair events after occurrence of two dsDNA breaks. A. Two targeted dsDNA breaks are introduced in two pairs of chromosomes, red and blue. When these cuts are repaired by events other than reversion, only the reciprocal translocation event illustrated as “F+K & J+G” will result in viable cells. Meiosis is predicted to yield 50% and 100% viable gametes from, respectively, top and bottom cell. B. Other translocation junctions (“not F+K & J+G” path), or end healing, as exemplified for the leftmost inviable cell, are predicted to be deleterious or lethal because acentric or dicentric fragments cannot be inherited regularly by daughter cells. Anaphase and karyotypes of the daughter cells are displayed. The case illustrated assumes that target chromosomes are cut at least once. Partial cutting and fusions of the type illustrated would result in segmental aneuploidy with the connected deleterious effects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rps5a-cas9-drives-efficient-expression-in-zygotic-3v3i3xgh.png Figure 1. RPS5A-Cas9 drives efficient expression in zygotic and early embryonic cells. The RPS5A promoter expresses a red fluorescent td-Tomato fused to histone 2B in the Arabidopsis zygote, two-cell embryo and three-cell embryo. A plant expressing proCENH3-GFP-CENH3[TAILSWAP] was pollinated by a plant expressing RPS5A-td-Tomato-H2B. A. Egg sac after fertilization showing condensing red-stained chromatin. B. Two and (C) three-cell embryos. Red: nuclear chromatin containing td-Tomato-H2B. Green: the punctate signal corresponds to centromeres stained by deposition of centromeric fusion protein GFP-CENH3[TAILSWAP]. Blue: DAPI DNA stain. Scale = 10μm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dual-cuts-in-ch1-result-in-perfect-recombination-10x8jcm9.png Figure 4. Dual cuts in CH1 result in perfect recombination junctions suggestive of duplication or circularization. A. Map of the CH1 gene (At1G44446) showing the position of the primers used in this study (arrows). B. When PCR primers D and E are used together, bands are regularly found. Each column used genomic DNA from a single leaf of a single T2 plant from eighteen different primary transformants containing proRPS5a-Cas9 with sgRNAs for the two CH1 targets. Column #1 is from an individual with a confirmed duplication that is present https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-analysis-of-ch1-phenotypes-induced-by-crispr-cas9-3oqlyb89.png Figure 2. Analysis of ch1 phenotypes induced by CRISPR-Cas9 in first generation transgenic plants. A. Structure of CH1 gene and targeted sites. B. Typical phenotypes in a population of T1 individuals (primary transformants, n=39) with corresponding counts. C. Swarmplot summarizes the results of the phenotypes and Ampliseq analysis. Each dot https://scispace.com/papers/transmission-electron-microscopy-of-cellulose-part-1-482skn39vo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-low-dose-image-unstained-and-unshadowed-of-a-3pslq5ne.png Figure 5. a) Low-dose image unstained and unshadowed of a preparation of tunicin nanocrystals. Unpublished, but taken from the collection of CERMAV micrographs. b) Dark-field image of one microfibril from Valonia macrophysa cellulose. Reprinted from Chanzy (1990). Copyright 1990, Ellis-Horwood Ltd. c) Lattice image of one microfibril from Valonia macrophysa cellulose showing the 0.54 nm lattice. Reprinted from Sugiyama et al. (1985), with permission from Mokuzai Gakkaishi. Copyright 1985, Mokuzai Gakkaishi. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cryo-tem-image-of-a-taurocholate-extract-of-a-rubus-1ylsyoiu.png Figure 6. Cryo-TEM image of a taurocholate extract of a Rubus fructicosus microsomal fraction after incubation with UDP-glucose, leading to the in vitro production of cellulose microfibrils. Reprinted from Lai-Kee-Him et al. (2002). Copyright 2002, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-low-dose-bright-field-image-of-the-cross-section-1eq26usy.png Figure 3. a) Low dose bright-field image of the cross section of a layer of cellulose microfibrils in the cell wall of one Valonia ventricosa cell showing the squarish sections of each microfibril. Reprinted from Chanzy (1990). Copyright 1990, Ellis-Horwood Ltd. b) Electron diffraction diagram of the cross-section of a single microfibril showing the "up" orientation. Reprinted with permission from from Revol and Goring (1983), with permission from the Copyright Clearance Center. Copyright 1983, Elsevier. c) Electron diffraction diagram of an area as in Fig. 3a, revealing the two orientations of "up" and "down" microfibrils in a given cluster of microfibrils. Reprinted from Chanzy (1990). Copyright 1990, Ellis-Horwood Ltd. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-the-first-published-electron-diffraction-diagram-2hjrxiih.png Figure 2. a) The first published electron diffraction diagram of Valonia macrophysa cellulose. Reprinted from Preston and Ripley (1954), with permission from the Copyright Clearance Center. Copyright 1954, Nature/Springer. b) Low dose image of a bundle of cellulose microfibrils from the cell wall of Microdictyon tenuis. Insert: corresponding electron fiber diagram. Reprinted from Sugiyama et al. (1991a). Copyright 1991, American Chemical Society. c) Low dose image of one nanocrystal of cellulose from Microdictyon tenuis cell wall. Insert: spot electron diffraction pattern corresponding to Ia cellulose Reprinted from Sugiyama et al. (1991a). Copyright 1991, American Chemical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-tem-image-of-nanocrystals-from-valonia-macrophysa-2q7kciqy.png Figure 4. a) TEM image of nanocrystals from Valonia macrophysa cellulose, silver-stained exclusively at their reducing end. R: reducing end and NR: non reducing end. Reprinted from Hieta et al. (1984), with permission from the Copyright Clearance Center. Copyright 1984, Wiley. b) Image of a negatively stained nanocrystal from Valonia macrophysa cellulose showing the pointed tip at the non-reducing end after digestion with Cel6B (CHHII) from Trichoderma reesei. NR and R as in Fig. 5a. Reprinted from Chanzy and Henrissat (1985). Copyright 1985, Elsevier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-first-published-image-of-bacterial-cellulose-2isdwd41.png Figure 1. a) The first published image of bacterial cellulose microfibrils1 and their synthesizing bacteria. Reprinted from Franz et al. (1943), with permission from the Copyright Clearance Center. Copyright 1943, Springer. b) Freeze-etched surface with carbon platinum shadowing showing the crisscross arrays of cellulose microfibrils in a Valonia macrophysa cell wall. Reprinted from Itoh and Brown (1984), with permission from the Copyright Clearance Center. Copyright 1984, Springer. c) Image of quince slime cellulose negatively stained with phosphotungstic acid. Reprinted from Franke and Ermen (1969), with permission from De Gruyter. Copyright 1969, De Gruyter. https://scispace.com/papers/transmission-delay-in-large-scale-ad-hoc-cognitive-radio-2rw6mjdwp8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-algorithm-rep-208r6sqy.png Figure 2: Illustration of Algorithm REP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-illustration-for-theorem-2-it-is-true-that-g-ls-ap-1i4jfdzh.png Figure 8: Illustration for Theorem 2. It is true that γ(λS ,AP ) converges to a constant as the distance increases. Given λPT = 0.035, γ(λS ,AP ) ≈ 0.3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-illustration-of-g-ls-ap-for-different-lpt-it-is-3kvguu4w.png Figure 9: Illustration of γ(λS ,AP ) for different λPT . It is clear that γ(λS ,AP ) increases with respect to λPT . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-the-multi-cluster-hop-transmission-3ifwkg2m.png Figure 3: Illustration of the multi-cluster hop transmission process Υ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-critical-density-of-secondary-user-for-percolation-17u8tlbv.png Figure 4: Critical density of secondary user for percolation in BM and RCM model: λc(h(r)), λc(f(r)). We can see that λc(h(r)) ≈ 1.03 and λc(f(r)) ≈ 1.63. The tail in the figure is due to the finiteness of simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-critical-density-of-primary-user-for-percolation-l-3ve572sr.png Figure 5: Critical density of primary user for percolation: λ∗PT (λS). It is clear that when λPT > 0.03, the infinite connected component CO is broken into mutually disconnected finite clusters almost surly. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-average-number-of-primary-transmitters-in-34ul8psu.png Figure 6: Average number of primary transmitters in interfered region I(lk): ψ. Given λPT = 0.09375, it is clear that ψ is a constant and ψ ≈ 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ratio-of-hops-number-to-distance-in-one-path-k-it-v5yx2km4.png Figure 7: Ratio of hops number to distance in one path: κ. It is clear that κ is a constant independent on λS in supercritical network. https://scispace.com/papers/transmission-of-multilevel-60-gbit-s-polarization-2xp4xho6yk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-eye-diagrams-horizontal-scale-20-ps-division-m2wfdvlo.png Figure 2: Left: Eye diagrams. Horizontal scale 20 ps/division https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ber-measurements-back-to-back-and-after-182gs9m6.png Figure 3. BER measurements back to back and after transmission https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simplified-block-diagram-of-the-setup-used-in-the-39ka7w0f.png Figure 1. Simplified block diagram of the setup used in the experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/transparency-civic-capital-and-political-accountability-a-34fbkxfbun 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-15q5phxl.png TABLE 1 Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effect-of-civic-capital-on-transparency-baseline-2s7ggbke.png TABLE 2 The effect of civic capital on transparency (baseline OLS results) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-effect-of-civic-capital-on-transparency-iv-2z8srw92.png TABLE 4 The effect of civic capital on transparency (IV results) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-effect-of-civic-capital-on-transparency-15gt5nq2.png TABLE 3 The effect of civic capital on transparency (robustness checks) https://scispace.com/papers/transparency-in-monetary-policy-signaling-and-heterogeneous-2cy9qm1khm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-efficient-frontier-for-pho-phofund-solid-line-and-3jn4wn4p.png FIGURE 2. Efficient frontier for φO = φOfund (solid line) and the corresponding indifference curve of the central bank (dotted line). The variance of inflation is displayed on the vertical axis, the variance of output on the horizontal axis. The variance of ε is normalized to one. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-analysis-of-postdecision-13047ffe.png TABLE 1. Comparison of the analysis of postdecision transparency with related papers on transparency that consider heterogeneous signals of agents and individual benefits from coordination https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-o-pho-for-the-example-described-in-the-text-solid-wtnb09dk.png FIGURE 1. O(φO) for the example described in the text (solid graph) and the identity function f (φO) = φO (dotted line). https://scispace.com/papers/transparent-and-water-resistant-composites-prepared-from-59x2hznhq7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-composition-and-thickness-of-the-films-209-3sdfxmrd.png Table 1. The composition and thickness of the films 209 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-effects-of-different-anfc-dosages-on-the-2gsiqilh.png Fig 3. The effects of different ANFC dosages on the transparency of the samples, and the apparent 218 photographs of (a) neat NFC film, (b) neat ANFC film, (c) neat ABPE-10 film, and (d) ANFC/ABPE-10 219 composite film. 220 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-comparison-of-different-polymers-foled-2ijfbrc4.png Table 3. Performance comparison of different polymers FOLED substrates [16,30,31] 378 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-light-scattering-path-of-films-a-neat-anfc-film-b-1gcuvk25.png Fig 4. The light scattering path of films: (a) neat ANFC film, (b) neat ABPE-10 film, (c) ANFC/ABPE-10 243 composite film (68% ANFC) 244 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-effects-of-different-anfc-dosages-on-the-obtvrwa5.png Fig 6. The effects of different ANFC dosages on the mechanical properties of different films 347 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-schematic-representation-of-ipn-anfc-abpe-10-1ubddds8.png Fig 1. The schematic representation of IPN ANFC/ABPE-10 composite film 108 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effects-of-different-anfc-dosages-on-the-cte-of-qc3o2p70.png Table 2．The effects of different ANFC dosages on the CTE of different films 329 https://scispace.com/papers/transparency-trade-offs-for-a-3-channel-controller-revealed-7bz8cpx82j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-conditions-on-ms-in-function-of-the-scaling-yu3uzxtr.png Figure 2: The conditions on Ms in function of the scaling factor λ for absolute stability: three upper boundaries (solid) and two lower boundaries (dashed) define together the region of absolute stability (the gray area). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pd-f-versus-pd-f-fh-stiffness-transparency-the-1bvym4f6.png Figure 5: PD-F versus PD-F-Fh: stiffness transparency (the ideal case is the straight line under 45o) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pd-f-versus-pd-f-fh-the-condition-on-ms-based-on-1xho3hon.png Figure 6: PD-F versus PD-F-Fh: the condition on Ms based on Bounded Environment Passivity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-interaction-with-a-hard-contact-41000-n-m-and-a-3i01qex3.png Figure 7: Interaction with a hard contact (±41000 N/m) and a soft object (1100 N/m) for (a) the PD-F scheme and (b) the PD-F-Fh scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-one-port-network-yms-ke-representation-of-a-1luozos0.png Figure 1: A one-port network YMS(Ke) representation of a combined teleoperator-environment system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-of-the-teleoperation-system-1ibz0xrf.png Table I: Parameters of the teleoperation system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-lower-boundary-on-kv-for-bounded-environment-3j52mt4v.png Figure 4: The lower boundary on Kv for bounded environment passivity as a function of Ke for different values of λ (solid). For the special case λ = 1, the lower boundary on Kv can be interpreted as an upper boundary on Ke https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-three-conditions-on-ms-for-bounded-environment-33rrjxh8.png Figure 3: The three conditions on Ms for bounded environment passivity as a function of Ke (λ = 0.85), with ub2 as determining boundary. The points a and b show the upper and lower boundary for Ms based on absolute stability also appearing in Fig. 2) https://scispace.com/papers/transparent-bionanocomposites-with-improved-properties-223hfwcafk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-storage-modulus-ec-vs-temperature-at-4-hz-of-all-the-3bdy3bwy.png Fig. 6 Storage modulus E¢ vs. temperature (at 4 Hz) of all the BC- and VC-based PLA composites. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-identification-of-the-pla-bc-and-pla-vc-composites-3aru0egu.png Table 1 Identification of the PLA/BC and PLA/VC composites prepared in this study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ftir-spectra-of-bc-and-vc-before-and-after-acetylation-2edbibhe.png Fig. 1 FTIR spectra of BC and VC before and after acetylation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-x-ray-diffractograms-of-bc-and-vc-before-and-after-15t9yizx.png Fig. 2 X-Ray diffractograms of BC and VC before and after acetylation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-thermal-data-for-the-bc-and-vc-samples-before-and-1pbl53dd.png Table 2 Thermal data for the BC and VC samples, before and after acetylation, as obtained from the TGA plots https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-images-of-pla-bcac-nanocomposite-films-and-3i87nj1e.png Fig. 3 Images of PLA/BCAc nanocomposite films and corresponding transmittance in the visible region. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-contact-angles-q-on-bc-and-vc-with-different-liquids-14sfa0uy.png Table 3 Contact angles (q/◦) on BC and VC with different liquids before and after acetylation and the corresponding polar (g sp), dispersive (g sd) and total (g s) surface energy components https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sem-micrographs-of-pla-and-selected-composites-with-6-115gpkdi.png Fig. 4 SEM micrographs of PLA and selected composites with 6 wt% of BC and BCAc, and 10 wt% of VC and VCAc. https://scispace.com/papers/transparent-polycrystalline-nanoceramics-consisting-of-2b0vc1lx4j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-a-photograph-of-a-starting-glass-and-the-2548yqhr.png Figure 1 (a) A photograph of a starting glass and the recovered samples. The distance between the samples and the printed letters (“Al2SiO5”) is 1 mm. (b) X-ray diffraction patterns of the starting glass (grey line) and of the samples fabricated at 10 GPa and 1200 °C (blue line), 1400 °C (green line), and 1600 °C (red line). (c) Real In-line transmission of the recovered https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-unit-cell-parameters-of-the-kyanite-and-a-alumina-in-28b1o8c0.png Table 1. Unit cell parameters of the kyanite and a-alumina in the recovered samples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rit-values-of-the-composites-of-kyanite-and-a-2imh8ysu.png Figure 3 RIT values of the composites of kyanite and a-alumina. A theoretical model8 of a polycrystalline kyanite-alumina ceramic was adapted with a birefringence (Δn) of 0.013 (blue line). In this model, the reflection loss was calculated with the mean birefringence of the composite n = 1.72 and the thickness was set to be 0.8 mm. Theoretical models of a-alumina8 (Δn = 0.005, orange line) and of non-birefringent garnet (violet dashed line) are also shown for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-haadf-stem-images-of-the-recovered-samples-32fopqld.png Figure 2 HAADF-STEM images of the recovered samples fabricated at 10 GPa and 1200 °C, 1400 °C and 1600 °C. The grain size increases with the synthesis temperature. The sample from the lowest synthesis temperature of 1200 °C has an average grain size of ~34 ±13 nm. This sample shows a very high transparency. The sample synthesized at 1400 °C exhibits nano-sized grains of ~69 ±17 nm and the sample synthesized at 1600 °C has the highest average grain size of ~611 ±170 nm. The inlets show EDS elemental mapping analysis for silicon (yellow) of the corresponding samples. Back areas with no silicon concentration correspond to a-alumina. https://scispace.com/papers/transparent-current-mirrors-using-a-gizo-tfts-simulation-3ji5d6wbki 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fabricated-current-mirrors-with-two-tfts-with-a-w2-370fico8.png Figure 4: Fabricated current mirrors with two TFTs with (a) W2 = 40µm (b) W2 = 160µm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-resistor-layout-9g4hp56s.png Figure 5: Resistor layout https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-of-current-mirrors-with-two-tfts-a2tqqdww.png Figure 3: Schematic of current mirrors with two TFTs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-wider-tft-a-equivalent-representation-b-layout-for-23eek6vy.png Figure 6: Wider TFT (a) Equivalent representation (b) Layout for WT = WT1 + WT2 + WT3 + WT4 and same length https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rbf-network-topology-to-model-drain-current-id-of-2c2acp30.png Figure 1: RBF network topology to model drain current (ID) of TFT in terms of bias voltages (VDS, VGS) and transistor width (W) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-fabricated-tft-with-width-w-40um-and-length-l-31gwuahy.png Figure 2: (a) Fabricated TFT with width (W) = 40µm and Length (L) = 20µm (b) A chip containing all the circuits and the isolated active and passive elements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-verilog-a-rbf-model-response-for-w-160um-vds-1iruguv9.png Figure 8: Verilog-A RBF model response for : W = 160µm, VDS ranging from 0.5 to 14.5V in steps of 1V and VGS ranging from 0.5 to 9.5V in steps of 1V https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-two-tft-current-mirrors-response-with-different-2cvyobr9.png Figure 10: Two-TFT current mirrors response with different mirroring ratios: from circuit simulations, measured and expected behavior https://scispace.com/papers/transparent-incremental-state-saving-in-time-warp-parallel-1l9gniq87a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-lp-inside-the-psk-15v1ql9f.png Figure 1. The LP inside the PSK https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-basic-communication-pattern-in-the-simulation-model-2s2dkhyq.png Figure 5. Basic communication pattern in the simulation model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-dca-model-small-area-simulated-on-2-and-4-329x42nl.png Figure 8. DCA model, small area simulated on 2 and 4 processors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-fca-model-small-area-simulated-on-2-and-4-2gdjx9wo.png Figure 6. FCA model, small area simulated on 2 and 4 processors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fca-model-big-area-simulated-on-2-and-4-processors-2r093uel.png Figure 7. FCA model, big area simulated on 2 and 4 processors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-events-and-the-state-set-183d6njx.png Figure 2. The events and the state set https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-memory-consumption-for-the-dca-model-1ir0j3zu.png Figure 11. Memory consumption for the DCA model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-efficiency-of-the-state-saving-algorithms-in-the-2tw9zz76.png Figure 12. Efficiency of the state saving algorithms in the FCA model https://scispace.com/papers/transparent-support-for-partial-rollback-in-software-1lwugs7yo3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-results-with-ssca2-2fcw6hb0.png Fig. 2. Results with ssca2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-stack-management-within-partial-rollback-1ey1p2b5.png Fig. 1. Stack management within partial rollback. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-with-kmeans-3rw7g0vm.png Fig. 3. Results with kmeans. https://scispace.com/papers/transparent-uv-proof-and-mechanically-strong-montmorillonite-ow2344qbf9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-solvent-sensitive-behaviours-of-ca2-mtalg-in-methanol-37g9o4jk.png Fig. 4. Solvent-sensitive behaviours of Ca2+-MtAlg in methanol or acetone: (a) Ca2+Mt2Alg8, (b) Ca2+-Mt3Alg7 and (c) Ca2+-Mt5Alg5, (top) fully swollen in water, (middle) then put in methanol for 24 h, and (bottom) put back in water for another 4 h; (d) Ca2+Mt2Alg8, (e) Ca2+-Mt3Alg7 and (f) Ca2+-Mt5Alg5, (top) fully swollen in water, (middle) then put in acetone for 24 h and (bottom) put back in water for another 4 h; and schematic illustration of dehydration of (g) L-Ca2+-Mt3Alg7, and (h) Ca2+-MtAlg. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-uv-vis-spectra-of-ca2-alg-and-ca2-mtalg-films-and-b-2uf1jy6t.png Fig. 3. (a) UV–Vis spectra of Ca2+-Alg and Ca2+-MtAlg films, and (b) image shows clearly the University of Sheffield logo beneath the circular Ca2+-Alg and Ca2+-MtAlg films highlighted by red circles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-diffraction-angles-basal-plane-spacings-mass-remain-1eeaysp9.png Table 1. Diffraction angles, basal plane spacings, mass remain and estimated Ca2+ contents of Mt, Alg and their nanocomposites with and without Ca2+. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tensile-properties-of-the-swollen-and-dry-2p5q1fre.png Table 2. Tensile properties of the swollen and dry nanocomposite films https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-xrd-traces-of-mt-alg-and-their-nanocomposites-with-uc425enl.png Fig. 1. (a) XRD traces of Mt, Alg and their nanocomposites with and without Ca2+, as well as Ca2+-Alg; (b) FTIR spectra of Mt, Alg and their nanocomposites with and without Ca2+; EDX graphs taken from the cross-sectional surface of (c) Ca2+-Alg, (d) Ca2+-Mt2Alg8, (e) Ca2+Mt3Alg7, and (f) Ca2+-Mt5Alg5 (scale bar: 10 µm); (g) TGA curves of Mt, Alg, Ca2+-Alg and Alg nanocomposites; and SEM images of the cross-sectional surface of freeze-dried (h) Ca2+-Alg, (i) Ca2+-Mt2Alg8, (j) Ca2+-Mt3Alg7, and (k) Ca2+-Mt5Alg5. https://scispace.com/papers/transpiration-and-the-ascent-of-sap-in-plants-by-henry-h-43fnij5mlq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-31-1vkroz7u.png Table 31. https://scispace.com/figures/table-28-2kep392c.png Table 28. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-37meopnz.png Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-18-19up9dj7.png Table 18. https://scispace.com/figures/table-22-16ukgjc5.png Table 22. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3uun9u9w.png Table 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-21-3oewgryu.png Table 21. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-tima-microphylla-7-fig-ulmus-campestris-3391oesg.png Fig. 6. Tima microphylla. 7.Fig Ulmus campestris. https://scispace.com/papers/transparently-reconciling-transactions-with-locking-for-java-4vmp9siyxw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-delegation-example-1f3i2986.png Fig. 3. Delegation example https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-semantics-2gvcrbdb.png Fig. 2. Semantics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-component-organization-of-the-oo7-benchmark-10azfrcy.png Table 2. Component organization of the OO7 benchmark https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-normalized-execution-times-for-the-oo7-benchmark-3ummyazd.png Fig. 6. Normalized execution times for the OO7 benchmark https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-total-number-of-aborts-for-the-oo7-benchmark-1r165px4.png Fig. 7. Total number of aborts for the OO7 benchmark https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-simple-call-by-value-object-based-concurrent-ub0iciu8.png Fig. 1. A simple call-by-value object-based concurrent language https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-uncontended-execution-3ubz42oz.png Fig. 5. Uncontended execution https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-non-serializable-schedule-3psn0vls.png Table 1. A non-serializable schedule https://scispace.com/papers/transport-engineering-for-improving-production-and-secretion-3jjng6e0r3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-expression-pattern-of-endogenous-genes-involved-in-2sa6rv5m.png Fig. 8 Expression pattern of endogenous genes involved in reticuline biosynthesis. Summary of gene expression changes in AtDTX1-expressing E. coli cells. Red arrows indicate reaction steps involved in reticuline biosynthetic genes that were up-regulated in AtDTX1-expressing cells with fold change ≥ 2 at 12 h. Heatmap (logFC) shows the expression pattern. Dotted lines represent multiple steps. Abbreviations are as follows: fbaB, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase class 1; glyA, serine hydroxymethyltransferase; https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-expression-of-atdtx1-and-ntjat1-in-e-coli-bl21-de3-2e72wysv.png Fig. 2 Expression of AtDTX1 and NtJAT1 in E. coli BL21(DE3). Expression of MATE transporter was induced by adding IPTG (1 mM) and incubating for 3.5 h. Membrane proteins (10 µg per lane) of E. coli expressing AtDTX1, NtJAT1, or vector control were extracted, separated via sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and blotted onto a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane. The membrane was probed with anti-His antibodies against AtDTX1 or anti-NtJAT1 antibodies against NtJAT1. The position of AtDTX1 is marked by an arrowhead. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simplified-scheme-showing-the-biosynthetic-pathway-in-2kjgude6.png Fig. 1 Simplified scheme showing the biosynthetic pathway in E. coli leading to high production of reticuline, including the reticuline transportation step. Reticuline is synthesized from simple carbon sources, i.e., glucose or sucrose, via the sequential action of enzymes dTH2, DODC, MAO, NCS, 6OMT, CNMT, and 4¢OMT. As an efflux transporter of reticuline, AtDTX1 was introduced in this reticuline- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-reticuline-production-in-e-coli-cells-and-medium-time-8wvh7ejy.png Fig. 5 Reticuline production in E. coli cells and medium. Time-dependent production of (S)-reticuline in E. coli cells (a) and medium (b). Control (dashed line) and AtDTX1expressing (solid line) E. coli cells were incubated in modified LB medium. IPTG (final concentration 0.1 mM) was added at OD600 = 0.6 and sampled at the times indicated. Results show mean ± standard deviation (SD) of triplicates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-growth-of-reticuline-producing-e-coli-after-induction-14m4r3za.png Fig. 4 Growth of reticuline-producing E. coli after induction of AtDTX1 by IPTG. Growth was evaluated by measuring the optical density at 600 nm. Control (dashed line) and AtDTX1-expressing (solid line) E. coli cells were cultured in modified LB medium containing 9.4 g/L K2HPO4, 2.2 g/L KH2PO4, 0.4% glycerol, and antibiotics. IPTG (0.1 mM final concentration) was added at OD600 = 0.6 (time = 0 h) and sampled at the times indicated. Results show mean ± standard deviation (SD) of triplicates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-plasmid-stability-of-reticuline-producing-e-coli-cells-2yil716j.png Fig. 6 Plasmid stability of reticuline-producing E. coli cells. Plasmid stabilities of reticuline-producing cells harboring either control vector or pCOLADuet1_AtDTX1 grown in modified LB medium at 4, and 24 h after adding IPTG. Results show mean ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 9). Asterisks indicate statistically significant difference compared to the control (Student’s t-test; * P < 0.01). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-number-of-genes-induced-or-suppressed-in-kegg-343rvdp6.png Table 1 The number of genes induced or suppressed in KEGG pathway of “Global and overview maps” in AtDTX1-expressing cells. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-reticuline-transport-activity-of-atdtx1-or-ntjat1-in-e-17l1iecn.png Fig. 3 Reticuline transport activity of AtDTX1 or NtJAT1 in E. coli BL21(DE3). AtDTX1 or NtJAT1 expression was induced by adding IPTG (1 mM) and incubating for 3 h. Control, or AtDTX1- or NtJAT1-expressing E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells were resuspended and cultured in LB medium containing reticuline (250 µM) for 6 h. Results show mean ± standard deviation (SD) of triplicates. Asterisks indicate statistically significant difference compared to the control (ANOVA Bonferroni test; *P < 0.01). https://scispace.com/papers/transport-based-dopant-metrology-in-advanced-finfets-3h9ybzyetr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geometry-and-electrical-characteristics-of-a-single-15ziepnq.png Figure 1. Geometry and electrical characteristics of a single donor located in the channel of a FinFET device. (a) Colored Scanning Electron Micrograph of a typical FinFET device. (b) Band diagram along the x-direction with the D0-state in resonance combined with the measured source/drain current versus gate voltage for a typical sample. QD1 and QD2 indicate resonances of a quantum dot, formed by the confinement provided by the corner effect and residual barriers in the access regions between source/drain and channel. The gate voltage where the band edge in the channel is aligned with the Fermi energy EF in source/drain, indicated by ECB, is estimated by subtracting one unit of addition energy from QD1. Below the band edge, there are resonances ascribed to the D0 and D- charge states of a single donor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-first-three-measured-excited-states-of-each-sample-13atfh5e.png Table I. First three measured excited states of each sample (see for example fig 2.) versus the best fit to the NEMO 3-D model (as depicted in Figure 3). The fit yields a unique combination of (F, d) for each single donor device. The measurement error for each level is estimated to be around 0.5 meV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-first-eight-eigenlevels-of-an-as-donor-3-2-and-4-uhszizh7.png Figure 3. a) First eight eigenlevels of an As donor 3.2 and 4.3 nm below the interface and a P donor 3.2 nm below the SiO2 interface as a function of electric field (F) calculated in a tight-binding model (NEMO 3-D). Note that we measure excited states relative to ground state (black line in this graph.) b) Calculated wavefunction density of an As donor with d = 4.3 nm for three different fields. The gray plane indicates the SiO2-interface. From low-fields (where the donor has a bulk-like spectrum) to high fields, the donor electron makes a transition from being localized on the donor to being localized at the Si interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-source-drain-differential-conductance-of-the-d0-116b8nq9.png Figure 2. Source/drain differential conductance of the D0 charge state as a function of bias voltage and gate voltage of a typical single donor FinFET devices. The excited states, indicated by the black dashed lines, form the fingerprint by which we can identify the donor properties. The red dots are a direct indication for the energy of these states (Ei = eVSD, with Ei the i-th excited state and e the unit charge.) a) Sample 13G14. Excited states are observed at 3.5, 15.5 and 26.4 meV b) Sample 10G16. Excited states are observed at 2, 15 an 23 meV. c) Sample GLJ17. Excited states are observed at 2, 7.7 and 15.5 meV. https://scispace.com/papers/transport-costs-comparative-advantage-and-agricultural-dq8qg7eqlm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-heterogeneity-of-impacts-with-respect-to-distance-213knhf3.png Table 4: Heterogeneity of impacts with respect to distance from the bridge: Results from OB weighted DID-FE with regression adjustments https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pre-bridge-sample-means-in-treatment-and-comparison-24d1v5od.png Table 1: Pre-Bridge Sample Means in Treatment and Comparison Areas https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geography-of-the-country-with-two-rivers-and-three-1yfqdu1w.png Figure 1: Geography of the country with two rivers and three regions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2a-technology-adoption-and-cropping-pattern-with-2i2w4v4a.png Figure 2a: Technology Adoption and cropping pattern with homogenous land productivity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-location-of-jamuna-and-proposed-padma-bridges-and-dqay0pak.png Figure A.1: Location of Jamuna and Proposed Padma Bridges and Treatment and Comparison areas https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-jamuna-bridge-and-technology-adoption-and-cropping-1c194nzu.png Table 3: Jamuna Bridge and technology adoption and cropping Pattern in agriculture: DID-FE with regression adjustments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-location-of-jamuna-and-proposed-padma-bridges-and-115mrw2a.png Figure A.1: Location of Jamuna and Proposed Padma Bridges and Treatment and Comparison areas https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cropping-pattern-before-and-after-bridge-in-village-364nub3j.png Figure 3: Cropping pattern before and after bridge in village V2 https://scispace.com/papers/transport-of-flight-critical-data-over-internet-protocol-3ocu2i9q1m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-control-for-qos-mechanism-1i78xw0u.png Figure 1: Flow Control for QoS Mechanism https://scispace.com/papers/transport-phase-transitions-and-wetting-in-micro-3yef5ffwxv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-scaling-parameters-of-the-lattice-model-2b9b81aa.png TABLE III. Scaling parameters of the lattice model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-crenelated-surface-definition-of-the-geometry-and-of-3e9ysm64.png FIG. 4. Crenelated surface, definition of the geometry and of the Wenzel and Cassie–Baxter wetting states. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-grand-canonical-potential-over-m-m-msat-for-two-1ndr8xfj.png FIG. 3. (a) Grand canonical potential over μ ≡ μ− μsat for two values of the intrinsic contact angle: cos θ = −0.5, the nonwetting case, and cos θ = 0.6 the wetting situation. For each case, the horizontal branch corresponds to a vapor-phase and the falling branch to a liquid-phase inside the slit. The crossover of the two branches determines the capillary condensation point μc. For an intermediate range of μ, there are strong metastabilities observed. (b) μc over the thickness D of the slit. The positive values correspond to cos θ = −0.5 and the negative ones to cos θ = 0.6. For each case, the solid lines are the theoretical expression μc = −2γLV cos θ/ρL D, while the points correspond to the simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-intrinsic-contact-angle-cos-th-as-a-function-of-e-3v9d2yfd.png FIG. 2. Intrinsic contact angle = cos θ as a function of ε. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-average-velocity-v-advancing-radius-ra-retarding-s4wn244s.png TABLE I. Average velocity v , advancing radius Ra , retarding radius Rr , and the corresponding contact angles θa, θr for different accelerations a in σ/τ 2 to extrapolate the contact angle hysteresis at v → 0. v is the average velocity in σ/τ . The intrinsic equilibrium contact angle is cos θ = −0.45 an the effective contact angle is cos θeff = −0.69. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-a-and-b-advancing-radius-ra-and-retarding-radius-rr-146y3xw7.png FIG. 14. [(a) and (b)] Advancing radius Ra and retarding radius Rr of the a drop pressed along a heterogeneous substrate as shown in Fig. 13 plotted over the position of the center of mass C for values of a ranging from 0.33σ/τ 2 to 1.33σ/τ 2. The center of mass is scaled by the period L . After overcoming the pinning point at the front line the interfaces relax rapidly to a larger curvature radius and vice versa for the retarding interface. The sticking drop marked in bottom panel belongs to the acceleration a = 0.47σ/τ 2, where the drop is pinned at the rear line. The mark in the top left panel belongs to the acceleration a = 0.33σ/τ 2. In this case, the drop is pinned at the front. This curve is shifted by one period to the right for better clarity. (c) Grand canonical potential of the system as a function of the center of mass C . The gray highlighted regions show the jump/relaxation dynamics which can differ slightly with the applied acceleration while the slip-stick dynamics (white regions) are the same for different accelerations a. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-wetting-states-obtained-as-a-result-of-the-model-only-3uhdq7ja.png FIG. 5. Wetting states obtained as a result of the model: only small subsystems need to be considered to get the macroscopic wetting angle: the wall is mirrored in the vertical direction for the sake of simplicity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-measured-wetting-diagram-for-crenelated-surfaces-1chr82c1.png FIG. 6. Measured wetting diagram for crenelated surfaces. https://scispace.com/papers/transport-policy-optimization-with-autonomous-vehicles-31xc3h4fv4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multiple-linear-regression-analysis-of-total-travel-4anif3zu.png TABLE 2 Multiple linear regression analysis of total travel time with policy measures as variables (outliers excluded from analysis). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tt-vkt-trade-off-by-market-configuration-reference-ve7zr9xb.png FIGURE 2 TT-VKT trade-off by market configuration (reference scenario, i.e. no AV service and no policy implemented, highlighted with a circle). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-policy-measures-investigated-in-this-23wwn2r5.png TABLE 1 Overview of the policy measures investigated in this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-zug-area-2v7v2a4x.png FIGURE 1 Zug area. https://scispace.com/papers/transport-phenomena-in-helical-edge-state-interferometers-a-3ha1amrmk7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-current-oscillations-in-terminal-3-versus-ii8ec3em.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Current oscillations in terminal 3 versus the Fabry-Pérot phase φFP = eL(VgT +VgB) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-sketch-of-the-topological-insulator-with-307yh2ah.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Sketch of the topological insulator with two constrictions generating M = 2 quantum point contacts at the positions x1, x2. The filling of the different edge states is globally modified by recourse to four bias voltages V1, . . . , V4. In addition, two gate voltages applied to the top Vg,T and bottom Vg,B boundaries of the sample may locally modify the filling of the edge states within a finite region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-shot-noise-oscillations-of-terminal-l-1x3f1hvq.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Shot-Noise oscillations of terminal l = https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-shot-noise-oscillations-between-terminals-17th0egr.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Shot-Noise oscillations between terminals l = 2 and l = 3 versus the Fabry-Pérot phase φFP = eL(VgT +VgB) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-shot-noise-oscillations-between-top-l-3-199kj2d7.png FIG. 8. (Color online) Shot-Noise oscillations between top l = 3 and bottom l = 4 terminals versus the Fabry-Pérot phase φFP = eL(VgT +VgB) https://scispace.com/papers/transport-time-scales-in-soil-erosion-modeling-2x2sa4hth2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-eigenvalues-left-column-for-black-earth-with-10-size-31vocd2c.png Table 2. Eigenvalues (left column) for Black Earth with 10 size classes, divided as equal intervals of log v. Parameter values are α = 100, β = 50. The three sections in the table are the ‘fast’, ‘intermediate’ and ‘slow’ eigenvalues (i.e., time scales), with the lists of Estimates and Bounds in the heading referring to these sections, respectively. SL and SU are given by Eqs. (A6) and (A7), respectively, and ri and Ri by Eq. (A2). Note how close the ‘fast’ values are to the estimates (middle column) of (vi + α) and the ‘slow’ values are to either of the bounds (right column) ri or ri-1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dimensionless-black-earth-particle-size-distribution-25gg10wq.png Table 1. Dimensionless Black Earth particle size distribution (I = 10 size classes) for a rainfall 646 rate of P = 56 mm h-1, pi = 0.1, i = 1, 2,..., 10. 647 https://scispace.com/papers/transport-properties-of-band-engineered-p-n-heterostructures-447vsfcjwa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-band-structure-and-density-of-states-dos-of-2fc585d0.png FIG. 2. Schematic band structure and density of states (DOS) of dopant levels in BS (a) and BSTS (b). (c) Heterostructure concept: depending on respective BS and BSTS thicknesses, band bending is introduced within the bilayer, leading to different sizes of metal-like (m-bulk) and semiconductor-like (semiC) bulk contribution additional to conduction of top (t-TSS) and bottom (b-TSS) topological surface states. (f) ARPES at 77 K imaging the band bending evolution for samples of 1 QL BS and 3 (i), 6 (ii), and 12 QL (iii) BSTS. The horizontal black dashed line represents the Fermi level. The red circles roughly mark the position of the Dirac point, visualizing the shift of the band structure with increasing BSTS thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-normalized-sheet-resistance-against-back-gate-voltage-4s2wvgf5.png FIG. 5. Normalized sheet resistance against back-gate voltage at 4.2 K for the 4 + x series (a) with a zoom-in for the thickest samples (b) and the 1 + x series (c). (d) Dual-gated measurement of sheet resistance for sample 1 + 40. The white dashed line is a guide to the eye along the maximum of RnormS . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rheed-patterns-of-bsts-directly-grown-on-sto-a-with-rijyz0xz.png FIG. 1. RHEED patterns of BSTS directly grown on STO (a), with BST seed layer (b) and BS seed layer (c). (d)–(f) RHEED patterns of BSTS (right) with BS seed layer on different substrates (middle). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-magnetoresistance-at-4-2-k-for-the-1-x-a-and-4-x-b-8xwix758.png FIG. 4. Magnetoresistance at 4.2 K for the 1 + x (a) and 4 + x (b) series. (c) HLN fits (white dotted lines) to G(B) for the 1 + x series. (d) α values from HLN fits for all three series versus BSTS thickness at 4.2 K. The insets show band structure sketches for different BSTS thicknesses corresponding to the evolution of α. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sheet-resistance-as-a-function-of-temperature-3095mev7.png FIG. 3. Sheet resistance as a function of temperature normalized to room temperature of 1 + x (a), 2 + x (b), and 4 + x (c) series. (d) Conductivity at 4.2 K of all three series versus total sample thickness. The inset shows the 1 + x series versus 1/ttot and a linear fit (light blue dashed line). The y intercept yields the asymptote (black dashed line) in the main figure. https://scispace.com/papers/transportables-kransystem-fur-probenentnahmearbeiten-in-51mdk9fho4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hand-crane-with-extension-boom-used-with-the-boom-3rbr5lws.png Figure 2. Hand crane with extension boom (used with the boom assembly in fig. 3), e.g. for radiation sensors. https://scispace.com/papers/transportation-of-large-wind-components-a-permitting-and-3plujpebdm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-variation-in-height-standards-across-the-states-3or4ouw9.png Figure 1. Variation in height standards across the states https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-number-of-states-that-may-require-at-least-one-law-35332vr3.png Figure 7. Number of states that may require at least one law enforcement escort for certain OSOW loads https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-states-that-participate-in-a-regional-permitting-3ty4272o.png Figure 10. States that participate in a regional permitting agreement https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-common-2-mw-wind-turbine-specificationsa-b-18ecghqw.png Table 1. Common 2-MW Wind Turbine Specificationsa b https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-variation-in-permitting-timelines-across-the-states-1b1rbcnn.png Figure 5. Variation in permitting timelines across the states https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variation-in-state-route-survey-requirements-based-2k71xz1e.png Figure 6. Variation in state route survey requirements based on height https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-variation-in-permitting-fees-across-the-states-3gpquftg.png Figure 4. Variation in permitting fees across the states https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-variation-in-state-width-requirements-for-osow-load-2zyxi75z.png Figure 3. Variation in state width requirements for OSOW load designation https://scispace.com/papers/transportation-energy-data-book-edition-26-69630gso37 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-12-mass-conversions-3gc7kchd.png Table B.12 Mass Conversions https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-census-regions-and-divisions-1mj0u4cq.png Table C.1 Census Regions and Divisions https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-3-average-annual-miles-per-business-fleet-vehicle-3t088gvq.png Table 7.3 Average annual miles per business fleet vehicle https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-4-federal-government-vehicles-fy-2006-630740-2dkbdcx5.png Table 7.4 Federal Government Vehicles by Year https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2-average-annual-miles-per-federal-government-fleet-2ksbu67q.png Figure 7.2. Average Miles per Domestic Federal Vehicle by Vehicle Type, 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-distribution-of-energy-consumption-by-source-1973-2kas7nna.png Table 2.2 Distribution of Energy Consumption by Source, 1973 and 2006 (percentage) https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-5-light-truck-fuel-use-and-fuel-type-shares-for-l3dudzn7.png Table A.5 Light Truck Fuel Use and Fuel Type Shares for Calculation of Energy Use https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-22-fuel-economy-by-speed-1973-1984-and-1997-studies-1lfekh94.png Table 4.22 Average fuel economy loss from 55 to 70 mph 17.1% https://scispace.com/papers/transsql-a-translation-and-validation-based-solution-for-sql-3r740kcomm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-data-in-sql-database-corresponding-to-an-entry-in-1v8mxojm.png Figure 3: A data in SQL database corresponding to an entry in LDAP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-database-duplication-example-on-the-left-is-the-sql-kq6sm59e.png Figure 2: Database Duplication Example. On the left is the SQL table example, and on the right is the equivalent data in LDAP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-framework-of-transsql-30fiboy0.png Figure 1: The framework of TransSQL. https://scispace.com/papers/transumbilical-single-incision-laparoscopic-intracorporeal-2dmus5r1f5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-intraoperative-view-of-single-incision-laparoscopic-3ubqiz8f.png Fig. 1 Intraoperative view of single-incision laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy. A Gastric exposition with transparietal sling suture. B Jejunal loop mobilized and exposed with transparietal sling suture passed in the subserosal space of the jejunal wall. C Gastrotomy performed with laparoscopic scissors to allow endoscopic linear placement in the stomach for side-to-side gastrojejunostomy (an enterotomy is performed on the jejunum with the same technique). D Side-to-side endoscopic linear stapler gastrojejunostomy viewed through the gastrotomy and jejunotomy. E Suspension of the gastrotomy and jejunotomy border after completion of gastrojejunostomy, with transparietal suture to facilitate their closure with the endoscopic linear stapler. F Closure of gastrotomy and jejunotomy with the endoscopic linear stapler. G Gastrotomy and jejunotomy resected during closure with the endoscopic linear stapler. H Final view of the side-to-side gastrojejunostomy (posterior view) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-single-incision-laparoscopic-gastrojejunostomy-a-3v5x8rv1.png Fig. 2 Single-incision laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy. A General installation with transumbilical access and transparietal sling suture in the left hypochondrium (surgeon is on the right and assistant on the left). B Anastomosis performance with the endoscopic linear stapler. Note the use of a 5-mm laparoscope to allow passage of the linear stapler in the larger trocar during this maneuver. C Abdominal view after completion of transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy (note the invisible umbilical scar) https://scispace.com/papers/transverse-double-spin-asymmetries-for-muon-pair-production-2y79f36fiz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-maximal-polarized-cross-section-and-asymmetry-1a2wzpp5.png FIG. 1. ‘‘Maximal’’ polarized cross section and asymmetry functions of dimuon rapidityy for RHIC at AS5500 GeV. The error bars have been calculated forL5800 pb21, 70% polarization of both beams, and include acceptance corrections~see text!. The point at low rapidity can only be obtained if PHENIX is endowe with central muon detector arms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dependence-of-the-acceptances-and-the-nlo-asymm-att-on-38pfnogp.png FIG. 4. Dependence of the acceptances and the NLO asymm ATT on the dimuon invariant mass, integrated over rapidity, AS5200 GeV at RHIC. The error bars on the right-hand side clude the acceptance corrections and are based onL5320 pb21 andP50.7. The outer error bars correspond to the ‘‘end caps on option, while the inner ones have been obtained assuming a tional central detector arms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-same-as-fig-4-but-foras539-2-gev-corresponding-to-hera-16fq8ba8.png FIG. 5. Same as Fig. 4, but forAS539.2 GeV, corresponding to HERA-NW . https://scispace.com/papers/transverse-momentum-limitation-in-inclusive-bjyjypzfp6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2ao3wwh4.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/papers/transverse-stability-of-strongly-nonlinear-ion-acoustic-4gkvgoyrf8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sagdeev-potential-for-single-ion-and-single-electron-1xbdqvdv.png Fig. 1. Sagdeev potential for single ion and single electron specie The same analysis as for soliton regime (right half) can be app to left half of Sagdeev potential. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-transition-to-double-layera-4-4-0002-4-0004-solid-l0mr6ohb.png Fig. 4. The transition to double layera = 4, 4.0002, 4.0004 (solid crosses, squares). Double layer solution fora = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-phase-velocities-for-density-at-which-double-layer-n6kkwk9t.png Fig. 5. Phase velocities for density at which double layer occur a = 4 (lower line) and twice that density of colder electrons (up line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-for-two-boltzmann-species-supersonic-double-layer-bec-emkfm3gm.png Fig. 3. For two Boltzmann species supersonic double layer bec possible witha = 4.12,T = 19.45. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phase-velocity-in-mach-numbers-for-single-ion-species-hnbf2ax9.png Fig. 2. Phase velocity in Mach numbers for single ion species single electron species. https://scispace.com/papers/transverse-spin-effects-in-hard-semi-inclusive-collisions-2jxagpxaex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-usual-graphical-representation-of-the-tmd-ff-for-a-7gge9wou.png Figure 13: Usual graphical representation of the TMD-FF for a quark with spin vector sq which fragments into a hadron h with transverse momentum p⊥ inside the jet, ph = z pq + p⊥. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-quark-quark-correlator-contributing-to-inclusive-14xqjlu8.png Figure 11: Quark-quark correlator contributing to inclusive processes; the off-diagonal version, in which the initial and final nucleon momenta are different, would contribute to amplitudes of exclusive processes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-summary-of-the-relations-between-different-23cqkhkb.png Figure 21: Summary of the relations between different distributions and correlators. The Table is reprinted fro Ref. [235], where more details can be found. Notice that the vectors k, b and ∆ of the figure are defined respectively as k⊥, b⊥ and ∆⊥ in the text. Reprinted with kind perm sion of The European Physical Journal (EPJ), Markus Diehl, ”Introduction to GPDs and TMDs”, Eur. Phys. J., A52(6):149, 2016, c©Società Italiana di Fisica/ Springer-Verlag 2016. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-selected-quantities-that-can-be-derived-from-the-fully-3r33kd76.png Fig. 2. Selected quantities that can be derived from the fully differential two-quark correlation function H(k, P,∆) defined in (1). Double arrows marked by “FT” denote a Fourier transform between ∆ and b or between k and z. Fractions of plusmomentum (commonly called “longitudinal momentum fractions”) are written as x = k+/P+ and 2ξ = −∆+/P+. The invariant momentum transfer can be expressed in terms of longitudinal and transverse variables as ∆2 = −(4ξ2m2 +∆2)/(1− ξ2). Only kinematic arguments of the functions are given, while the scales introduced by ultraviolet renormalisation (µ) of by the regulation of rapidity divergences (ζ) are suppressed. As discussed in the text, the integrals ∫ dk− and ∫ d2k cannot be taken literally but must be supplemented with a regularisation procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-quark-gluon-quark-correlator-contributing-to-30qqe38f.png Figure 14: Quark-gluon-quark correlator contributing to inclusive processes at twist-3. The upper blob symbolizes the fragmentation process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sivers-asymmetries-a-sin-phh-phs-ut-for-positive-and-8mnjom0c.png Fig. 8. – Sivers asymmetries, A sin(φh−φS) UT , for positive and negative pion production on proton measured at COMPASS [91] requiring x > 0.032 (filled circles) are compared with HERMES proton results [102] (empty circles). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-weighted-transverse-ssa-a-sin-phh-phs-ut-as-2wdvbfxn.png Fig. 2. Selected quantities that can be derived from the fully differential two-quark correlation function H(k, P,∆) defined in (1). Double arrows marked by “FT” denote a Fourier transform between ∆ and b or between k and z. Fractions of plusmomentum (commonly called “longitudinal momentum fractions”) are written as x = k+/P+ and 2ξ = −∆+/P+. The invariant momentum transfer can be expressed in terms of longitudinal and transverse variables as ∆2 = −(4ξ2m2 +∆2)/(1− ξ2). Only kinematic arguments of the functions are given, while the scales introduced by ultraviolet renormalisation (µ) of by the regulation of rapidity divergences (ζ) are suppressed. As discussed in the text, the integrals ∫ dk− and ∫ d2k cannot be taken literally but must be supplemented with a regularisation procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-usual-graphical-representation-of-the-tmd-pdfs-of-7lqdypb3.png Figure 12: Usual graphical representation of the TMD-PDFs of quarks with spin vector sq and transverse intrinsic momentum k⊥ inside a proton with momentum P and spin vector S. https://scispace.com/papers/trapping-and-handling-squirrels-trap-modification-and-lry3748kcu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-trauma-scale-developed-by-the-international-2dyupdds.png Table 1. Trauma scale developed by the International Organization for Standardization Technical Committeefor the type and severity of injuries to animals, as caused by trapping and handling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentages-of-mild-moderate-and-severe-injuries-2bvn4fqs.png Figure 1. Percentages of mild, moderate, and severe injuries incurred during trapping and handling during each study of squirrels at four study sites in California. The Pilot Study (June 2009) and Study 1(Jun–Aug, 2010 and 2011) were on Otospermophilus beecheyi, Study 2 (Nov 2008–Dec 2010) was on Sciurus niger, Study 3a (Aug–Oct 2006) was on S. griseus, and Study 3b (Aug–Oct 2006) was on S. carolinensis. The first column for each study shows percentages of injuries for first captures and the second column shows percentages of injuries for second captures. There were no second captures during the Pilot Study and there were no first capture injuries for Study 3a. https://scispace.com/papers/trapping-heavy-metals-by-using-calcium-hydroxyapatite-and-11dptp4xug 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-1jzelc33.png Fig. 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-s-the-particle-shortly-aft-face-due-to-36j350v9.png Fig. 8 s the particle Shortly aft face due to https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-p-electrod-1mnhesm4.png Fig. 9. P electrod https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-electrode-geometry-periodic-aligned-2nh1ruix.png Fig. 5. Experimental electrode geometry: periodic, aligned, castellated bars of electrodes, rep between the e https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-h-adsorpti-1zxhmo7r.png Fig. 7. H adsorpti https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comp-well-as-the-ini-1vg1a9kb.png Fig. 1. Comp well as the ini https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-positio-showing-strea-and-bridges-in-2knsnabz.png Fig. 4. Positio showing strea and bridges in https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-numeric-in-the-di-elsmeel8.png Fig. 3. numeric in the di https://scispace.com/papers/trapped-mode-resonances-in-planar-metamaterials-with-high-1elthf9nqb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-absolute-values-of-transmission-and-reflection-t31vplu3.png Figure 1: (a) Absolute values of transmission and reflection coefficients. Solid lines correspond to an array of double-ring particles, while dashed lines are obtained for single rings. (b) A unit cell of the metamaterial, which is a square array of double rings supported by a dielectric substrate with ² = 4.07− i0.05. https://scispace.com/papers/trauma-related-rumination-mediates-the-effect-of-naturally-18qc014nr3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-film-ratings-and-2j4v651e.png Table 1 Demographic characteristics, film ratings, and baseline questionnaire scores by group https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-baseline-ptsd-symptoms-and-yos02s5c.png Table 2 Correlations between baseline PTSD symptoms and beliefs, and intrusion and rumination variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-intrusion-and-rumination-variables-by-group-and-time-1mc5plq2.png Table 4 Intrusion and rumination variables by group and time https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sad-mood-ratings-by-group-and-time-1ql9wm4o.png Table 3 Sad mood ratings by group and time https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-descriptive-statistics-and-intercorrelations-for-5wqj2i0r.png Table 5 Descriptive statistics and intercorrelations for baseline depression, trait rumination, and trauma-related rumination and intrusion variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trauma-related-rumination-ptq-s-as-a-mediator-in-37i7g3rc.png Figure 2 Trauma-related rumination (PTQ-S) as a mediator in the relationship between baseline depression (DASS-D) and trauma intrusion frequency and associated distress, with trait ruminative tendency (PTQ) as a covariate on intrusion frequency. Path values are unstandardised regression coefficients and the associated confidence intervals are shown below. Please see the text for t-test values that correspond to these regression coefficients. (a) Depression significantly predicted intrusion frequency (β = .15; 95% CI .05, .24). (b) Trauma-related rumination significantly mediated the effect of depression on intrusion frequency (β = .05; 95% CI .01, .12). The direct effect of depression on intrusion frequency was also significant (β = .10; 95% CI .004, .19). (c) When the effect of trait rumination was controlled, trauma-related rumination no longer significantly mediated the effect of depression on intrusion frequency (β = .01; 95% CI −.04, .07). (d) Depression significantly predicted intrusion-related distress (β = .05; 95% CI .003, .10). (e) Trauma-related rumination significantly mediated the effect of depression on intrusion-related distress (β = .03; 95% CI .01, .07). The direct effect of depression on intrusion-related distress was not significant (β = .02; 95% CI −.03, .07). N = 81. *p < .05; **p < .01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-diagram-summarising-experimental-method-and-61ei18jn.png Figure 1 Flow diagram summarising experimental method and procedures. PCL = PTSD Checklist; PTCI = Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory; DASS-D = Depression subscale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale; PTQ = Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire; PTQ-S = State version of the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire. https://scispace.com/papers/trapping-the-tigers-regulation-of-market-entry-and-the-rule-5enzup7uon 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-se-asian-rule-of-law-scores-1s-and-log-gdp-capita-2vt9ykok.png Table IV SE Asian Rule of Law Scores (1S) and log GDP/Capita (2S) regressed on Political, Economic and Social Variables (1996-2010) using Two Stage, Least Squares Instrumental Variables Regression https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-descriptive-statistics-for-independent-and-dependent-2lgq9bnd.png Table I Descriptive Statistics for Independent and Dependent Variables, SE Asia, 1996-2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-se-asian-rule-of-law-scores-regressed-on-barriers-4fffhw8g.png Table II SE Asian Rule of Law Scores Regressed on Barriers to Entry, Political, Economic and Social Variables (1996-2010) https://scispace.com/papers/traveler-response-to-innovative-personalized-demand-3tqk9zp06s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spatial-distribution-of-on-demand-31wn5e6o.png FIGURE 4: SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ON-DEMAND https://scispace.com/papers/travel-time-prediction-based-on-data-feature-selection-and-6ajnen8761 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-wcv-route-segment-from-cpn-1-to-cpn-1-2poedoby.png Fig. 1 The WCV route segment from CPn−1 to CPn+1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-similarity-results-for-weekdays-in-the-first-run-q1y5l2cf.png Table 1 The similarity results for weekdays in the first run. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-similarity-results-for-humidity-in-the-first-run-1bdyyoa6.png Table 4 The similarity results for humidity in the first run. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-similarity-results-for-weekdays-in-the-second-25r7tjbk.png Table 2 The similarity results for weekdays in the second run. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-similarity-results-for-weekdays-in-the-third-run-18ab7h1z.png Table 3 The similarity results for weekdays in the third run. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ten-pairs-of-historical-travel-times-and-the-lr-324eo21p.png Fig. 3 Ten pairs of historical travel times and the LR equation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ten-historical-travel-times-from-cp2-to-cp3-and-the-248bt4ps.png Fig. 2 Ten historical travel times from CP2 to CP3 and the SMV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-travel-time-prediction-equation-by-the-nn-1a2g5n14.png Fig. 11 The travel time prediction equation by the NN. https://scispace.com/papers/travelling-and-standing-envelope-solitons-in-discrete-non-gmqp9xmefy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-numerical-evolution-of-soliton-solutions-for-2wtun6s1.png Figure 5: Numerical evolution of soliton solutions for carrier wavenumber kc = 40 and soliton amplitudes V = 0.1, 0.7, 1.5 (left to right). Top row: evolution of the envelope over time with ∆t = 150s (−: non-linear solution, − · −: linear solution), middle and bottom row: temporal evolution of the non-linear and the linearised system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-beetween-soliton-and-hbm-solution-for-1ifnsc1r.png Figure 7: Comparison beetween soliton (·) and HBM (◦) solution for different amplitude (from top left to bottom right V=1, 2, 5, 10). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-comparison-between-elliptic-and-ypndnyyu.png Figure 2: Example of comparison between elliptic and hyperbolic functions for the representation of localized solutions of (10) (square of the amplitude has been ploted). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-numerical-evolution-of-soliton-solutions-for-16s6uzsh.png Figure 4: Numerical evolution of soliton solutions for carrier wavenumber kc = 25 and soliton amplitudes V = 0.1, 1, 5 (left to right). Top row: evolution of the envelope over time with ∆t = 150s (−: non-linear solution, − · −: linear solution), middle and bottom row: temporal evolution of the non-linear and the linearised system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-numerical-example-of-soliton-solutions-of-system-2-w7k1s6kv.png Figure 6: Numerical example of soliton solutions of system (2) for kc = 50 and for various amplitudes (left to right V = 1, 5, 10). Row 1: evolution of the envelope at different time with ∆t = 150s (−: nonlinear solution, − · −: linear solution). Row two and three: temporal evolution of the non-linear and the linear system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-beetween-soliton-and-hbm-solutions-for-3nl70ajd.png Figure 9: Comparison beetween soliton (·) and HBM (◦) solutions for different combination of soliton solution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evolution-of-the-frequency-a-group-velocity-b-group-1gvcs2ni.png Figure 3: Evolution of the frequency (a), group velocity (b), group velocity dispersion (c) and non-linear coefficient (d) as a function of the wave number k for the simple cyclic lattice of Eq.(1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-cyclic-system-399braad.png Figure 1: Schematic representation of the cyclic system studied in this paper. https://scispace.com/papers/travelling-waves-and-instability-in-a-fisher-kpp-problem-5891kiju9d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-horizontal-axis-corresponds-to-x-and-vertical-to-ph-1o0d23dk.png Figure 7: Horizontal axis corresponds to ξ and vertical to ϕ. For λ = 1.56, ϕ(min(m)) < 0 (left) while for λ = 1.57, ϕ(min(m)) > 0 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-complex-plane-horizontal-axis-corresponds-to-the-gsdyhmt1.png Figure 4: Complex plane (horizontal axis corresponds to the Real part and vertical axis Imaginary) P (γ) roots evolution for a = 1, λ = −100 (left) and λ = −1000 (right) with ϕ1 < → 0. Note the existence of at least one root with Re(γ) > 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-complex-plane-horizontal-axis-corresponds-to-the-4nnwv1fy.png Figure 5: Complex plane (horizontal axis corresponds to the Real part and vertical axis Imaginary) P (γ) roots evolution for a = 1, λ = 1 (left) and λ = 1000 (right) with ϕ1 → a. Note the existence of at least one root with Re(γ) > 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-complex-plane-horizontal-axis-corresponds-to-the-1v5nno39.png Figure 6: Complex plane (horizontal axis corresponds to the Real part and vertical axis Imaginary) P (γ) roots evolution for a = 1, λ = −1 (left) and λ = −1000 (right) with ϕ1 → a. Note the existence of at least one root with Re(γ) > 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-for-l-1-568-f-min-m-0-0010-0-this-value-can-be-3liumgyu.png Figure 8: For λ = 1.568, f(min(m)) = 0.0010 > 0. This value can be considered as a sufficient sharp estimate so that for λ > 1.568, the TW is positive in an inner region and oscillatory for ξ >> m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-horizontal-axis-corresponds-to-x-and-vertical-to-ph-1mwfm9d5.png Figure 9: Horizontal axis corresponds to ξ and vertical to ϕ. Solution structure for λ = 1.568 (left) and unstable character for an outer region ξ >> m (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-complex-plane-horizontal-axis-corresponds-to-the-3kv3baxc.png Figure 1: Complex plane (horizontal axis corresponds to the Real part and vertical axis Imaginary) P (γ) roots evolution for a = 1, λ = 1 (left) and λ = 10 (right) with ϕ1 < → 0. Note the existence of at least one root with Re(γ) > 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-complex-plane-horizontal-axis-corresponds-to-the-fq5funty.png Figure 3: Complex plane (horizontal axis corresponds to the Real part and vertical axis Imaginary) P (γ) roots evolution for a = 1, λ = −1 (left) and λ = −10 (right) with ϕ1 < → 0. Note the existence of at least one root with Re(γ) > 0. https://scispace.com/papers/treating-ivanka-unfairly-understanding-the-impact-of-3y3oqc9ry8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measurement-items-and-cronbachs-alphas-1pxfwh5y.png Table 1. Measurement items and Cronbach’s alphas https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-age-distribution-of-sample-1x1ygy3y.png Table 2 Age distribution of sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-income-distribution-of-sample-2skhb25n.png Table 3 Income distribution of sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-results-of-the-tested-model-1eskc71p.png Figure 1. Results of the tested model https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-distribution-of-political-orientation-by-affiliation-22yt6g6p.png Table 6 Distribution of political orientation by affiliation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-education-distribution-of-sample-1dnfqpim.png Table 4 Education distribution of sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-distribution-of-political-orientation-1c3xisyj.png Table 5 Distribution of political orientation https://scispace.com/papers/treadmilling-by-ftsz-filaments-drives-peptidoglycan-4hg1ycgckm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-directional-motion-of-ftsaz-is-driven-by-treadmilling-2euu66sl.png Fig 3: Directional motion of FtsAZ is driven by treadmilling, independent of cell wall synthesis, and required for Pbp2B motion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ftsaz-and-pbp2b-move-directionally-around-the-3ir3sc43.png Figure 2: FtsAZ and Pbp2B move directionally around the division site. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-septal-pg-synthesis-occurs-at-discrete-mobile-sites-bh0d50s5.png Figure 1: Septal PG synthesis occurs at discrete, mobile sites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cytokinesis-is-controlled-by-directional-motion-of-36q1obsk.png Fig 4: Cytokinesis is controlled by directional motion of FtsAZ filaments. https://scispace.com/papers/treating-many-body-quantum-systems-by-means-of-classical-3dsp0g89w9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-integrated-density-of-states-of-the-5-site-bh-model-369kah6v.png Fig. 3 Integrated density of states of the 5-site BH model forg = 1 andN = 19 (thin blue line in the upper panel), and the integrated level-spacing distribution I(s) (solid blue line in the lower panel) as compared to the integrated Wigner-Dyson distribution (dashed red line) and the integrated Poisson distribution (dash-dotted green line). The hopping matrix elementJ = 1. The energies are taken from the interval marked by the thick red line in the upper anel, that comprises 60 presents of the total number of statesN = 1771. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-energy-spectrum-of-the-2-site-bh-model-left-and-the-3-20hc0337.png Fig. 1 Energy spectrum of the 2-site BH model, left, and the 3-site BH model, right, forN = 40. The energy is measured relative to the ground energyE0 and scaled with respect to the frequency Ω given in Eq. (12) and Eq. (15), respectively. The value of thehopping matrix elementJ = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-density-of-states-of-the-5-site-bh-model-forn-20-5g670d24.png Fig. 2 Density of states of the 5-site BH model forN = 20, panels (a-c), as compared to the classical ‘density of states’, panels (d-f). The energy is measured with respect to the mean interaction energyEint = gN. The macroscopic interaction constantg = 0, panels (a) and (d),g = 1, panels (b) and (e),g = 2, panels (c) and (f). The hopping matrix elementJ = 1. https://scispace.com/papers/treasury-yields-and-corporate-bond-yield-spreads-an-jryedz5bjd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-treasury-yields-and-mean-yield-spreads-on-various-cg30u33c.png Fig. 1. Treasury yields and mean yield spreads on various groups of A-rated corporate bonds https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-i545fxde.png Table 1. (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-for-corporate-bonds-in-lehman-1bc4i8cf.png Table 1. (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-documents-that-this-conclusion-is-not-supported-by-15qt99no.png Table 4 documents that this conclusion is not supported by the data. It reports estimates of (12), in which the log monthly return to the S&P 500 from the end of month t 1 to t is denoted RETt: https://scispace.com/papers/treatment-method-for-fermi-barrel-sodium-metal-residues-4vx3yqomkg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-carbon-dioxide-humidification-cart-and-fermi-er3hdbor.png Figure 2. Carbon dioxide humidification cart and Fermi Barrels in series https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-inside-of-fermi-barrel-anl1174-after-treatment-i86aacx1.png Figure 2. Carbon dioxide humidification cart and Fermi Barrels in series https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-anl-1174-measured-h2-and-o2-concentration-during-4w81wpsn.png Figure 12. ANL#1174 measured H2 and O2 concentration during initial CO2 purge https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-anl-1174-measured-h2-and-o2-concentrations-during-3241boc1.png Figure 13. ANL#1174 measured H2 and O2 concentrations during treatment with humidified CO2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-anl-1174-after-water-wash-tox4mmrt.png Figure 16. ANL#1174 after water wash https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-anl-1174-prior-to-treatment-3emjgf8z.png Figure 14. ANL#1174 prior to treatment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-anl-1174-after-treatment-with-humidified-carbon-1x9sf9um.png Figure 15. ANL#1174 after treatment with humidified carbon dioxide. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fermi-barrel-treatment-summary-11rgvng1.png Table 1: Fermi Barrel Treatment Summary https://scispace.com/papers/treatment-of-chyloperitoneum-after-extended-lymphatic-nxq0sbufqr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chyloperitoneum-comparison-of-cases-in-the-3l50cx95.png Table 1 Chyloperitoneum: Comparison of Cases in the Literature Including the Authors’ Cases https://scispace.com/papers/treatment-of-eczema-herpeticum-with-acyclovir-jo0u3rz1tg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-appearance-of-patient-1-nine-days-after-initiation-of-3taqvdkw.png Fig 2. — Appearance of patient 1 nine days after initiation of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-clinical-course-and-virological-findings-in-patient-1-xrni49my.png Fig 3.— Clinical course and virological findings in patient 1. https://scispace.com/papers/treatment-of-nonmotor-symptoms-in-parkinson-s-disease-4o25oek6ez 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proposed-pathway-to-assess-nms-holistic-in-clinical-2hchad3p.png Figure 1: Proposed pathway to assess NMS holistic in clinical practice and consider further management https://scispace.com/papers/treatment-of-millet-crop-plant-sorghum-bicolor-with-the-2ftn3318tc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-endophytic-colonization-of-the-entomopathogenic-rpycxyxt.png Table 1 Endophytic colonization of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana in sorghum stems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-effect-of-artificial-infestation-with-3epu939c.png Table 3 Comparison of effect of artificial infestation with larvae of stem borer in B. bassiana pretreated and control sorghum plants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-growth-and-yield-of-beauveria-bassiana-lzlpyvr7.png Table 2 Comparison of growth and yield of Beauveria bassiana treated and control (not treated) sorghum plants. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-aflp-fingerprints-with-three-different-primer-36ex7pqz.png Fig. 2. AFLP fingerprints with three different primer combinations of Beauveria bassiana isolate ITCC 4688 used for treatment of sorghum (1) and B. bassiana isolates (2, 3, 4) retrieved from stem cultures of B. bassiana treated sorghum. M — DNA size marker. https://scispace.com/papers/treatment-of-micropollutants-in-water-and-wastewater-4k0w2df7yh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-9-continued-4znw1jxq.png Table 1.9 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-identification-levels-with-their-required-mqx7etj9.png Figure 2.4 Identification levels with their required analytical tools for the identification of transformation products. Adapted form De Witte et al. (2009a) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3-mechanisms-of-solute-partition-during-treatment-ikix43wa.png Figure 6.3 Mechanisms of solute partition during treatment by a negativelycharged membrane https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-the-most-common-methods-to-identify-the-3q4xzgzp.png Figure 2.1 The most common methods to identify the transformation products (Adapted from Moco et al. (2007) https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-4-classification-of-pops-as-dioxins-and-furans-3lrh8diz.png Table 11.4 Classification of POPs as Dioxins and Furans (Source: Jones and Sewart, 1997) https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-3-continued-1td0t8jg.png Table 11.3 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-sem-photograph-of-a-the-surface-of-20-silica-3dcd3h90.png Figure 4.3 SEM photograph of: (a) the surface of 20%-silica/titania composite membrane; (b) the cross-section of 20%-silica/titania composite membrane; (c) 20%-silica/titania nanotubes ( · 10,000 and · 50,000) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2-typical-water-concentrations-of-the-2irqunnp.png Table 1.2 Typical water concentrations of the organophosphorous insecticides chlorpyrifos and methyl parathion https://scispace.com/papers/treatment-of-peak-intensity-uncertainties-in-nmr-relaxation-msbjhyzyr8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-experimental-rates-r1-and-r2-and-their-3d7czubw.png Table 1. Comparison of experimental rates R1 and R2 and their uncertainties dR1 and dR2 obtained from MC and JK https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-panels-a-and-b-show-experimental-r1-and-r2-rates-and-1vrxp04f.png Fig. 1. Panels A and B show experimental R1 and R2 rates and their associated uncertainties for Bet v 4 determined by the JK procedure and by MC simulations; data from the conventional sampling scheme are depicted in black, data from the optimized sampling scheme are shown in grey; both panels show that – depending on the method of error estimation – rates and their uncertainties determined from conventional sampling correlate less than those determined from optimized sampling https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-the-fitting-of-synthetic-data-derived-1o1pk4j4.png Table 2. Comparison of the fitting of synthetic data derived from conventional, optimized, and optimal sampling https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-panel-a-and-panel-b-depict-rates-and-their-associated-123vq3hm.png Fig. 2. Panel A and Panel B depict rates and their associated errors, respectively, obtained from fitting 1000 simulated data sets, each with 13 peak height data points back calculated from a rate Rsim¼ 1.87 s 1 plus randomly distributed peak height noise with a standard deviation ¼ 0.02; data points that correspond to conventional sampling are colored black, those corresponding to optimized sampling are shown in grey; the results corroborate the findings for experimental data (Fig. 1); panels C and D show rates and their errors obtained from fitting 1000 data sets with 50 data points that were placed exactly according to the optimal sampling scheme for mono-exponential decays [18]; it can be seen that under ideal conditions both methods of error estimation result in identical results for rates as well as for uncertainties https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-test-statistics-of-ffiffiffiffiffiffiffi-100-p-clt-1fv6lrxf.png Table 3. Test statistics of ( , = ffiffiffiffiffiffiffi 100 p ) CLT-normal distributions of rates that were generated from 5000 data sets (Rsim¼ 1.87 s 1, peak height¼ 0.02); A) F-test for equal variances of distributions obtained by fitting the conventional and the optimized sampling schemes using the MC, JK, and JK-E method for error estimation; B) F-test for equal variances and t-test for equal average rates of distributions generated from various sampling schemes using MC and JK for error estimation https://scispace.com/papers/treatment-of-refractory-obsessive-compulsive-disorder-with-4lkc89z29d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-baseline-participant-characteristics-730-2iph84pq.png Table 2. Baseline participant characteristics 730 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nutraceutical-dosage-regime-in-the-tron-study-724-2ev5ugli.png Table 1 – Nutraceutical dosage regime in the TRON study 724 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimated-mean-follow-up-scores-for-primary-and-14r4sshe.png Table 4. Estimated mean follow-up scores for primary and secondary outcomes 789 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-treatment-response-on-total-ybocs-by-baseline-11zspuvz.png Figure 1. Treatment response on total YBOCS by baseline severity 760 Treatment response on the YBOCS at the 20th (20.6), 50th (26.0) and 80th percentiles (28.6) of baseline 761 total YBOCS severity. YBOCS= Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. 762 763 139x95mm (300 x 300 DPI) 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-baseline-psychological-features-736-2lsb4n6i.png Table 3. Baseline psychological features 736 https://scispace.com/papers/treatment-with-malva-verticillata-seed-extracts-alleviates-1wkktwnjwx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-on-hair-cell-proliferation-hfdpc-cells-were-1ihmsnl2.png Figure 2. Effect on hair cell proliferation. HFDPC cells were treated with M. verticillata extract, hex fraction, compound 1, and compound 2 for 48 h. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay and absorbance was measured by 550 nm (black bar). Significance was determined compared to untreated cells (*p < 0.05). All data are expressed as mean ±SD of three separate experiments performed in triplicate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-linoleic-acid-on-dihydrotestosterone-3q1myku5.png Figure 5. Effect of linoleic acid on dihydrotestosterone-induced hair loss mechanism. HFDPC cells were stimulated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) for 2 h and treated with various concerntrations of linoleic acid for 6 h. Total cell extracts were blotted with DKK-1 and β-actin antibodies. Band intensities were quantified using ImageJ 1.47 software and significance was determined compared to DHT-treated cells (*p < 0.05). All data are expressed as mean ±SD of three separate experiments performed in triplicate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-isolated-compounds-from-malva-verticillata-seed-br18xqgz.png Figure 1. Isolated compounds from Malva verticillata seed https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-linoleic-acid-on-growth-factor-expression-35o6t810.png Figure 4. Effect of linoleic acid on growth factor expression. HFDPC cells were treated with various concentrations of linoleic acid for 6 h. Total cell extracts were blotted with VEGF and β-actin antibodies. The mRNA levels of growth factor were measured using RT-PCR. Band intensities were quantified using ImageJ 1.47 software and normalized to β-actin or GAPDH. Significance was determined compared to untreated cells (*p < 0.05). All data are expressed as mean ±SD of three separate experiments performed in triplicate. https://scispace.com/papers/treatment-with-non-selective-beta-blockers-is-associated-mbcxddx6aa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-at-aclf-diagnosis-in-patients-dpxcr7e6.png Table 1. Characteristics at ACLF diagnosis in patients receiving and not receiving NS https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relationship-between-white-cell-count-the-severity-36fde7ob.png Table 4. Relationship between white cell count, the severity of ACLF and the use of NSBBs. (A) WCC levels (mean and SD) by grade of the first ACLF episode in patients with and without BBs. (B) WCC levels (mean and SD) by worsening of the first ACLF grade after 3–7 days in patients with and without BBs. (C) WCC levels (mean and SD) by worsening of the first ACLF grade at the last in-hospital visit in patients with and without BBs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-evolution-of-the-aclf-grade-one-week-after-diagnosis-1qbx543o.png Fig. 1. Evolution of the ACLF grade one week after diagnosis by use of nonselective beta blockers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-evolution-of-aclf-grade-up-to-one-week-after-its-rtvwn3mw.png Table 2. Evolution of ACLF grade up to one week after its first onset according to tr https://scispace.com/papers/tree-density-and-site-quality-influence-on-pinus-halepensis-1m7yzalgxn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sites-location-in-the-iberian-peninsula-1ntrwztx.png Figure 1. Sites location in the Iberian Peninsula https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-seed-viability-from-tetrazolium-method-x-axis-site-2423vgy3.png Figure 4. Seed viability from tetrazolium method (X axis: site; Y axis: percentage). White bar: mature cones; grey bar: serotinous cones. Small letters mean significant differences (LSD method) among sites at p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-glm-was-applied-to-reproductive-characteristics-afuie370.png Table III. GLM was applied to reproductive characteristics (RCh). GLM provides regression analysis and analysis of variance for one dependent variable (each RCh variable) by one or more independent factors. Categorical variables are accepted in this tool so dummy variables are not manipulated. Significant models are bold written and significant factor (for the analyzed variables) are italic written. * Indicates significant models and interactive factors (p < 0, 05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-seed-germination-x-axis-site-y-axis-percentage-3ozyqfg1.png Figure 5. Seed germination (X axis: site; Y axis: percentage).White bar: mature cones; grey bar: serotinous cones. Small letters mean significant differences (LSD method) among sites at p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-characteristics-of-the-study-sites-np-number-23ef32jo.png Table I. Summary characteristics of the study sites. NP: Number of plots; COORD: Geographical coordinates (WGS 84 datum); BS: total burned surface (ha) in 1994; D: Density (trees ha−1 ± SE); A: Altitude (m); P: average annual rainfall (mm ± SE); T: annual temperature (◦C ± SE); CL: ombroclimate (Thornwaite index). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cone-production-x-axis-site-y-axis-number-of-cones-3sj49q58.png Figure 2. Cone production (X axis: site; Y axis: number of cones per Ha). Pointed bar: strobili (first year cones); dark grey bar: immature cones (green); soft grey bar: mature cones (brown); white bar: serotinous cones (grey); black bar: opened cones. https://scispace.com/papers/tree-ring-reconstruction-of-early-growing-season-3s1l5vd9fk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-climograph-of-mean-maximum-and-minimum-monthly-2hpz96af.png FIGURE 2. Climograph of mean, maximum, and minimum monthly temperature and total monthly precipitation recorded at Yellowknife Airport (1943–2005). https://scispace.com/papers/tree-species-diversity-improves-beech-growth-and-alters-its-4z417bv5p8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-p-precipitation-moisture-index-calculated-according-to-3np69enl.png Fig. 2: P (precipitation), moisture index (calculated according to Thornthwaite (1948)) and Tmean 215 (mean temperature) anomalies for the period June to August (JJA) as observed at the climatic station 216 of Ukkel. Selected drought years (i.e. 1976, 1983 and 2003) are indicated with arrows. 217 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-mean-of-scaled-trw-d13c-and-d18o-values-for-isp-1kkbdwj3.png Fig. 6: (a) Mean of scaled TRW, δ13C and δ18O values for Isp (monoculture plots), IIsp (two species plots) 392 and IIIsp (three species plots) diversity level plots for the years -2, -1, 0, 1 and 2. Values for each year 393 are scaled to the two pre-drought years (i.e. years -2 and -1). Value in the drought year (i.e. year 0) 394 indicates the resistance to drought. Value in the post-drought year (i.e. year 1) indicates the resilience 395 to drought. Recovery=resilience/resistance. (b) Boxplots visualize the resistance, resilience and 396 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-the-plots-a-and-sampling-design-b-the-1f1uiebk.png Fig. 1: Location of the plots (a) and sampling design (b). The study area comprises two forests: 181 Meerdaal (50.77-50.82° N 4.64-4.72° E) and Zoniën forest (50.71-50.85° N, 4.36-4.52° E). The 182 distribution area of European beech is visualized in light green on the overview map of central Europe 183 (EUFORGEN, 2008). Diversity level: number of tree species present in plot (circular plot with 18 m radius 184 from center tree). (Isp): monoculture beech plot, (IIsp): combination of beech and one other tree 185 species, and (IIIsp): beech combined with two other tree species. Species composition: tree species 186 present in plot. The number of plots for each species composition level is indicated by the filled black 187 circles. From each species composition level 3 plots are selected, except for the monospecific beech 188 plots where 9 plots are selected. 189 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mean-thick-lines-and-individual-tree-thin-lines-trw-2izp4g04.png Fig. 5: Mean (thick lines) and individual tree (thin lines) TRW, δ13C and δ18O values for the drought 355 years 1976, 1983, 2003 and their combination for beech trees growing in Isp (monoculture plots), IIsp 356 (two species plots) and IIIsp (three species plots) diversity level plots. Values for two years before 357 drought, one year before drought, drought year, one year after drought and two years after drought 358 are shown (i.e. -2, -1, 0, 1, 2 year relative to drought year, respectively). Sample size: 9 trees per 359 diversity level. 360 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-boxplots-of-trw-of-beech-growing-in-plots-with-rfbkcha8.png Fig. 4: Boxplots of TRW of beech growing in plots with different species composition for the period 327 1970-2015. Species composition groups without common letters differ significantly at p<0.05. Sample 328 size: 9 trees for beech plots and 3 trees for other species composition levels. 329 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-beech-trw-chronologies-for-the-tz8hkibt.png Table 2: Characteristics of beech TRW chronologies for the three diversity levels Isp (monoculture 316 plots), IIsp (two species plots) or IIIsp (three species plots) during the period 1970-2015. Rbar: 317 Interseries correlation, EPS: expressed population signal, AGR: average growth rate, lag-1: first year 318 autocorrelation, 1 referring to detrended TRW-data. Sample size: 9 trees per diversity level. 319 https://scispace.com/papers/tree-rings-to-climate-relationships-in-nineteen-provenances-11epj2wmeq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-snow-and-hail-winter-3vxnd32h.png Table 3: Snow and Hail winter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ring-width-chronologies-for-4-black-pine-sub-species-3bt3021e.png Fig. 2. Ring width chronologies for 4 black pine Sub-species planted in 1964 in the northwest of Tunisia. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-provenances-list-and-geographic-origin-2w2ma6pt.png Table 1: Provenances List and geographic origin. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-sampling-and-dendrochronological-216bn7ol.png Table 2. Number of sampling and Dendrochronological characteristics of the raw ring-width data for 19 provenance of black pine. Values were calculated using ARSTAN (Cook and Holmes, 1984) and Dendrochronology Program Library in R (Merian, 2012). https://scispace.com/papers/trefoil-factor-peptide-3-is-positively-correlated-with-the-41mttjflhk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-random-effects-generalized-least-squares-regression-1hl8n9e2.png Table 2. Random-effects generalized least squares regression analysis was used to estimate the association between TFF1-3 concentrations and rheological variables obtained from frequency sweeps and stress sweeps. The statistical analysis is based on 33 specimens from cervical mucus plugs removed from 14 women at labor. TFF measurements were logtransformed in order to obtain a normal distribution and an equal variance. Shown is the TFF3 results (n = 33). Estimated regression coefficients (Reg. Coef.), 95% confidence interval (95% CI), two-sided p-values (p). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mixed-effects-restricted-maximum-likelihood-hobfct23.png Table 1. Mixed-effects restricted maximum likelihood regression was used to estimate the variation within and between cervical mucus plugs regarding the TFF1-3 concentrations. The statistical analysis is based on 33 specimens representing cervical mucus plugs removed from 14 women at labor. TFF measurements were log-transformed prior to analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/treebasedmp-a-toolkit-for-phyloinformatic-research-3afuj184zo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-entity-relationship-diagram-describing-the-physical-2v4ozbge.png Figure 2. Entity Relationship Diagram describing the Physical Model of TreeBASEdmp using Crow Foot Notation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-biases-in-the-taxonomic-coverage-of-trees-in-8npdy3pg.png Figure 1. Biases in the taxonomic coverage of trees in TreeBASE. The abscissa is the number of trees in TreeBASE that include at least three taxa that belong to a given class; the ordinate is the number of species in NCBI belonging to this class. Although there is a correlation between the distribution of species in the NCBI taxonomy and the number of trees in TreeBASE, some classes have relatively more trees than others. Coordinates above the diagonal are classes that are better represented in TreeBASE than coordinates below the diagonal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-illustration-of-the-difficulty-of-performing-1shaw1t4.png Figure 6. Illustration of the difficulty of performing topological querying on trees with leaf node labels that use either semantic heterogeneity or taxonomic heterogeneity. The trees figured in (A) and (B) are essentially stating the same phylogenetic hypothesis, yet none of their leaf labels match up. In the case of the pygmy hippo, both Choeropsis liberiensis and Hexaprotodon liberiensis are objective synonyms of the same taxon but use different names. For all remaining leaf nodes, trees A and B use different species as OTUs. To perform generic topological querying, each node, except for the root node, is mapped to a higher taxon name using query (8) – i.e. the oldest common ancestor of the ingroup to the exclusion of all other non-ingroups. The root node is mapped to the MRCA of all taxa in the tree. Performing this operation on trees A and B results in mapped trees C and D respectively. Once mapped in this way, it is clear that the trees were stating the same phylogenetic hypothesis, and both trees can be recovered using the same topological query. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-illustration-of-transitive-closure-indexing-an-3jko5ngc.png Figure 5. Illustration of transitive closure indexing: an example tree (A) and the corresponding closure table (B). The closure table lists all possible ancestor-descendant node paths, with the number of edges indicated as the distance. In this example, the first eight records are the same as what would be stored in the edges table, i.e. parent-child records. The remaining eight records represent longer paths, i.e. grandparent-child records, great grandparent-child records, etc. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-illustration-of-nested-set-indexing-each-node-on-3cipaeig.png Figure 4. Illustration of nested set indexing. Each node on the tree on the left is labeled with left_id and right_id integers with values that are incremented in a depth-first traversal. Each row of the table on the right represents a node in the tree. Nodes that descend from a clade node have either their left_id or right_id integers greater than the left_id but less than the right_id of the clade node. Likewise, the ancestor nodes of a clade node have a left_id that is less than the left_id of the clade node and a right_id that is greater than the right_id of the clade node. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-from-our-example-meta-analysis-query-2-h7nu1pas.png Figure 3. Results from our example meta-analysis query (2) indicate that both the average size of each tree and the fraction of analyses that use RAxML are rising steadily. Currently in TreeBASE the average tree size is about 110 OTUs and around 20% of analyses are performed using RAxML. https://scispace.com/papers/trend-mining-in-social-networks-a-study-using-a-large-cattle-1qswc6npuo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-outlining-social-network-trend-mining-1vqe2dtb.png Fig. 1. Block diagram outlining social network trend mining framework https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-som-frequent-patterns-s-8-11rm6ix4.png Fig. 4. SOM frequent patterns (S = 8%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-trend-lines-identified-using-tm-tfp-1347t2qa.png Table 1. Number of trend lines identified using TM-TFP algorithm when k = 100 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-run-time-values-seconds-using-the-tm-tfp-algorithm-3p9tlwie.png Table 2. Run time values (seconds) using the TM-TFP algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-som-frequent-patterns-s-5-3beyri2x.png Fig. 3. SOM frequent patterns (S = 5%) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-som-frequent-patterns-s-2-1ewt4o3u.png Fig. 2. SOM frequent patterns(S = 2%) https://scispace.com/papers/tree-species-effects-on-nutrient-cycling-and-soil-biota-a-1jybldu8mv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-t2zn536c.png Figure 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-xtgssdoq.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-20qa010v.png Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-137qhk8z.png Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3qevvmg1.png Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-aeg574a2.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/papers/trends-and-cycles-in-small-open-economies-making-the-case-4ccjci4ckx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-output-variance-decompositions-small-open-economy-lxx6wtib.png TABLE 4. OUTPUT VARIANCE DECOMPOSITIONS, SMALL OPEN ECONOMY MODEL https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-output-variance-decompositions-model-comparisons-1ph8n66w.png TABLE 5. OUTPUT VARIANCE DECOMPOSITIONS, MODEL COMPARISONS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-proportion-of-output-growth-variance-accounted-by-9phtcjmw.png Figure 3. Proportion of output growth variance accounted by permanent shocks: https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimates-of-g-8-productivity-processes-1zeanz03.png TABLE 1 – ESTIMATES of G-8 PRODUCTIVITY PROCESSES https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-of-g-60-productivity-processes-1wly7y9l.png TABLE 2 – ESTIMATES of G-60 PRODUCTIVITY PROCESSES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proportion-of-output-growth-variance-accounted-for-nms5raqr.png Figure 2. Proportion of output growth variance accounted for by permanent shocks: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-international-business-cycles-2g0yyzkl.png Figure 1. International Business Cycles https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bond-price-shock-parameters-j5skiyro.png TABLE 3 – BOND PRICE SHOCK PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/papers/trends-and-dilemmas-facing-environmental-education-in-1fzavnf2gv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-who-take-the-initiative-of-ee-esd-projects-run-in-tij3bdn1.png Figure 4. Who take the initiative of EE/ESD projects run in schools. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scope-of-networks-of-ee-eds-projects-run-in-3j0g1aok.png Figure 5. Scope of networks of EE/EDS projects run in Portuguese schools. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-assessment-of-ee-esd-projects-run-in-schools-10ywltpr.png Figure 10. Assessment of EE/ESD projects run in schools. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-duration-ee-eds-projects-run-in-schools-according-dmhctz0j.png Figure 9. Duration EE/EDS projects run in schools according to level of education. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-emphasis-on-educational-dimensions-in-ee-eds-22esqsf0.png Figure 15. Emphasis on educational dimensions in EE/EDS projects run in schools according to the level of education provided. https://scispace.com/papers/trends-and-transitions-observed-in-an-iconic-recreational-4gt8dvsdzs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-major-themes-derived-from-archival-and-interview-22tzv3ow.png Table 2. Major themes derived from archival and interview data, with 405 examples of quotes from media and fisher interviews. Extended version in 406 Appendix: Table A2. 407 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-management-measures-in-the-queensland-snapper-3sb8unn1.png Table 1. Management measures in the Queensland snapper fishery. 171 https://scispace.com/papers/trends-in-adsorption-characteristics-of-organic-molecules-on-ssq4pgyq67 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-benzene-adsorption-energy-eads-with-respect-to-vdw-2igl15t8.png Figure 2. Benzene adsorption energy (Eads) with respect to vdW functionals, and PBE on a) coinage substrates and b) transition metal substrates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-top-view-of-the-bri30-configuration-of-benzene-on-2x5z11ss.png Figure 1. a) Top view of the bri30◦ configuration of benzene on (111), b) The equilibrium adsorption geometry on Pt(111), and c) The equilibrium adsorption geometry on Au(111). Light gray, blue, dark gray, red, and black spheres represent the first, the second, the third layer atoms, H, and C atoms, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-adsorption-energies-as-a-function-of-adsorption-3ajlq2fs.png Figure 3. Adsorption energies as a function of adsorption heights (dads) for a) coinage substrates, and b) transition metal substrates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-benzene-adsorption-heights-in-a-c-metal-dc-m-and-h-1td9r8wu.png Table 2. Benzene adsorption heights (in Å) - C-metal (dC-M) and H-metal (dH-M) distances. The distances are calculated from the average positions of the surface atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-adsorption-energies-in-ev-calculated-using-pbe-and-2hghq523.png Table 3. Adsorption energies (in eV) calculated using PBE and vdW functional along with the available experimental data. The adsorption energy is defined as Eads = – (EBz/surf – Esurf – EBz), where the subscripts Bz/surf, surf, and Bz refer to the total energies of benzene on surface, the clean surface, and isolated benzene systems, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calculated-lattice-constants-in-a-using-vdw-6cqsw4rn.png Table 1. Calculated lattice constants (in Å) using vdW functionals and PBE. The experimental lattice constants with ZPEC are taken from Ref. 46. https://scispace.com/papers/trends-and-social-divisions-in-maternal-employment-patterns-2rr2f8w7cf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-variable-distributions-unweighted-2t3lulnu.png Table I. Variable distributions (unweighted) https://scispace.com/papers/trends-in-corporate-environmental-management-studies-and-2kvgmbvvec 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-number-of-sample-firms-in-the-world-resource-table-20e7xur8.png Table 4. Number of sample firms in the World Resource Table https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-description-of-the-world-resource-table-1bcs72ih.png Table 3. Description of the World Resource Table https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-databases-for-environmental-management-424f1xcg.png Table 2. Comparison of databases for environmental management study https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-literature-review-of-corporate-environmental-csatwpbn.png Table 1. Literature review of corporate environmental management using Japanese firm data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-trend-of-academic-literature-on-corporate-21j06f9d.png Figure 1. Trend of academic literature on corporate environmental management. https://scispace.com/papers/trends-in-antarctic-ozone-hole-metrics-2001-17-3b7bw362bx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-linear-trends-of-the-fourmetrics-both-adjusted-3n8omuil.png Table 1. Linear trends of the fourmetrics, both adjusted andunadjusted for temperature, with uncertainty expressed as two standard errors, for the time periods 1979–2001 and 2001–17 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-temperature-in-the-polar-vortex-at-50-hpa-for-3q01vral.png Fig. 2. Mean temperature in the polar vortex at 50 hPa for September (upper left panel), for the vortex collar at 50 hPa in September (upper right panel) and polar vortexmean at 100 hPa in October (lower left panel). The dashed line represents the mean over the 1979–2017 period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-for-each-of-the-four-metrics-maximum-15-day-averaged-wvtqtdko.png Fig. 1. For each of the four metrics – maximum 15-day averaged area of ozone hole, minimum 15-day averaged total column ozone, integrated ozone deficit and duration of ozone hole – scatter plot of detrended metric vs selected temperature proxy and the linear fit (green); the adjusted (green) and unadjusted (black) proxy time series; linear 1979–2001 and 2001–17 trends (blue) of the unadjusted time series; linear 1979–2001 and 2001–17 trends (red) of the adjusted time series. https://scispace.com/papers/trends-in-animal-model-preference-for-preclinical-drug-2uhilur8w0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ranking-of-animal-models-choice-by-antidiabetic-xdq1wngy.png Table 1. Ranking of animal models’ choice by antidiabetic groups. https://scispace.com/papers/trends-in-covid-19-hospital-mortality-in-women-and-men-2vgkox67kv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-patients-admitted-throughout-the-2cy1rqy8.png Table 1. Description of patients admitted throughout the study and in each three months period (* When estimates are presented separately for gender categories, adjustment was only for age in model 2 and for age and saturation of oxygen in model 3) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mortality-by-three-month-periods-ldymkxcw.png Figure 1. Mortality by three-month periods https://scispace.com/papers/trends-in-nanotechnology-patents-applied-to-the-health-3ziw4hkzip 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-leading-global-patent-holders-in-nanotechnology-and-gxjakkx5.png Table 4. Leading Global Patent Holders in Nanotechnology and Health and Respective Subsectors of Application https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-number-of-patent-documents-relating-to-192oapk2.png Table 6. Number of Patent Documents Relating to Nanotechnology and Health Published between 2000 and 2010 in Brazil https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-leading-holders-applicants-of-patents-in-l1z4m8f3.png Table 5. Leading Holders / Applicants of Patents in Nanotechnology and Health in Brazil and Respective Sectors of Application https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-keywords-used-in-search-3j9r8ja4.png Table 1. Keywords used in search https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-subsectors-of-health-and-respective-ipc-subclasses-6nl99sln.png Table 2. Subsectors of Health and Respective IPC Subclasses https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-patent-documents-relating-to-36f8p19i.png Table 3. Number of Patent Documents Relating to Nanotechnology and Health Published between 2000 and 2010 https://scispace.com/papers/trends-in-perception-of-covid-19-in-polish-internet-2p9ov3j6zn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-intensity-of-queries-with-the-phrases-2qg0vtcl.png Figure 4. The intensity of queries with the phrases “anticrisis law”, "presidential election", “special act on COVID19”, "antiviral mask", "latex gloves" (“ustawa antykryzysowa”, ”wybory prezydenckie”, “specustawa”, “maseczka antywirusowa”, “rękawiczki lateksowe”) in Polish Google (15.01-07.04.2020) generated using the Google Trend tool. Disease introduction marked with the vertical line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-intensity-of-queries-with-the-phrases-anticisis-1evcas73.png Figure 6. The intensity of queries with the phrases “anticisis shield”, quarantine", “minister of health”, "epidemic", “cough” (“tarcza antykryzysowa”, “kwarantanna”, “Łukasz Szumowski”, “epidemia”, “kaszel”) in Polish Google (15.01-07.04.2020) generated using the Google Trend tool. Disease introduction marked with the vertical line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-pearsons-correlation-matrix-and-the-l2cv6w5p.png Figure 10. The Pearson’s correlation matrix and the corresponding hierarchical clustering for the terms “Koronawirus”/”Covronavius” and related epidemiological queries on various media platforms for pairwise observation 15.01-07.04.2020 (g – Google, w – Wikipedia, y – Youtube, t – Twitter, e – EventRegistry). With the significance level of 5% all correlations were significant except most of correlations related to “antiviral mask” the pairs “protective mask, g”/“washing hands, g” and “protective mask, g”/“SARS-CoV-2, w”. Grayscale corresponds to correlation strength. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-lagged-in-days-correlation-between-daily-series-of-17vlsgb3.png Figure 9. Lagged (in days) correlation between daily series of article counts from Event Registry (news) and Tweets numbers (31.01–14.03.20). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-intensity-of-topic-koronawirus-on-various-media-1qjj0c7w.png Figure 7. The intensity of topic “Koronawirus” on various media platforms during 15.01-07.0420. Disease introduction is marked by the vertical line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-intensity-of-searched-queries-and-news-with-the-e0v5yi1p.png Figure 1. The intensity of searched queries and news with the word “Koronawirus” in Polish Google and searched queries with the word “Koronawirus” in Polish Youtube (15.01-07.04.20) and percentage of “Koronawirus” related queries in Google Top Trend Topics (23.01-11.03.20) both generated using Google Trend tool. Disease introduction marked with the vertical line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-intensity-of-the-topic-koronawirus-on-various-3g22u1lh.png Figure 8. The intensity of the topic “Koronawirus” on various media platforms during 15.01-07.04.2020. Time series were normalized to 100 by maximal value for a given series. Disease introduction is marked by the vertical line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-intensity-of-queries-with-the-phrases-3n43tzmq.png Figure 3. The intensity of queries with the phrases "protective mask", "hand washing", "hand disinfection", “Stay at Home”, “COVID-19 hospital” ( “maseczka ochronna”, “mycie rąk”, “dezynfekcja rąk”, “Zostań w domu”, “szpital jednoimienny”) in Polish Google (15.01-07.04.20) generated using the Google Trend tool. Disease introduction marked with the vertical line. https://scispace.com/papers/trends-in-immunotherapy-of-fungal-infections-2s57d8i2db 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-antifunga-effects-of-selected-cytokines-and-ey4jeyl6.png Table 1: Antifunga! effects of selected cytokines and hematoppoietic growth factors in vitro and in animal models. https://scispace.com/papers/trends-in-prevalence-of-thinness-overweight-and-obesity-5gktx3vhdi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-prevalence-of-overweight-including-obesity-and-m7n9nm7r.png Figure 2. The prevalence of overweight (including obesity) and obesity among the 17-year-old adolescents measured during the academic years 2004/2005 to 2014/2015. * Chisquare test for trend https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-trends-in-the-prevalence-of-thinness-overweight-and-1j0wqybe.png Table 4. Trends in the prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity in 11-year-old children. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-trends-in-the-prevalence-of-thinness-overweight-and-32t4m0rg.png Table 5. Trends in the prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity in 14-year-old children. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-participants-and-participation-rates-of-3da7w3s8.png Table 1. Number of participants and participation rates (%) of the total number of children in each age group, according to the Swedish National Agency for Education (seven, 11, 14 and 17 years) and the Child Health Centre in Region Jönköping County (four years). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-trends-in-the-prevalence-of-thinness-overweight-and-18xqut7n.png Table 6. Trends in the prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity in 17-year-old children. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-trends-in-the-prevalence-of-thinness-overweight-and-2alhhfqh.png Table 2. Trends in the prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity in four-year-old children. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-prevalence-of-overweight-including-obesity-and-1o04ynwy.png Figure 1. The prevalence of overweight (including obesity) and obesity among the 14-year-old adolescents measured during the academic years 2004/2005 to 2014/2015. *Chi-square test for trend https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-trends-in-the-prevalence-of-thinness-overweight-and-1a0q5664.png Table 3. Trends in the prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity in seven-year-old children. https://scispace.com/papers/trends-in-residential-water-use-2hopct2fyl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-vz5zvwpk.png FIGURE 14. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-vq636x8v.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-7rk76st5.png TABLE 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3d2l4d9t.png FIGURE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tp87uey8.png FIGURE 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-3md0dp3m.png FIGURE 12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2zqm8a74.png TABLE 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-30t0huuq.png FIGURE 1 https://scispace.com/papers/trends-in-productivity-of-crops-fallow-and-rangelands-in-3vy4hcib05 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-annual-rainfall-and-number-of-rainy-days-per-year-quuvtk2o.png Fig. 3. Mean annual rainfall and number of rainy days per year from (a) 3–9 rain gauges The overall mean rainfall is indicated by a dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relative-area-extent-of-land-use-types-in-1994-and-2xwd0140.png Table 2 Relative area extent (%) of land use types in 1994 and annual rate of changes (%) in land use on the villages of Banizoumbou (116 km2), Tigo-Tegui (111 km2) and Kodey (69 km2), in Fa established at the three dates (Hiernaux and Ayantunde, 2004). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-topography-land-forms-soil-1rqitx5j.png Table 1 Characteristics of the topography, land forms, soil types and soil properties of field sites sampled in Fakara. https://scispace.com/papers/trends-in-response-rate-and-survival-in-small-cell-lung-4ihx2btb8l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cox-adjusted-survival-curve-from-the-beginning-of-er3nga5w.png Figure 3. Cox adjusted survival curve from the beginning of second-line chemotherapy. Adjustment was performed with variables associated with survival (Table 3): ECOG performance status, extensive versus limited disease, cardiovascular comorbidities, and liver comorbidities https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-univariate-and-multivariate-analyses-of-factors-i9zloj8m.png Table 3. Univariate and Multivariate Analyses of Factors Associated with Mortality from SecondLine Chemotherapy (n=278)* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cox-adjusted-survival-curve-from-the-beginning-of-2rlavn7w.png Figure 2. Cox adjusted survival curve from the beginning of first-line chemotherapy. Adjustment was performed with variables associated with survival (Table 3): ECOG performance status, extensive versus limited disease, cardiovascular comorbidities, and liver comorbidities. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-univariate-and-multivariate-analyses-of-factors-bhga00ju.png Table 2. Univariate and Multivariate Analyses of Factors Associated with Mortality from First-Line Chemotherapy https://scispace.com/papers/trends-in-the-characterization-methods-of-orodispersible-5d9srji0l5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-innovations-in-non-destructive-analytical-techniques-66vg2nch.png Table 1. Innovations in non-destructive analytical techniques for identification and quantification of drugs in ODF and other related solid dosage forms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-modified-in-vitro-dissolution-methods-for-odf-all-25iik9m9.png Table 3. Modified in vitro dissolution methods for ODF. All experiments were carried out at 37±0.5 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-stress-strain-curve-for-odf-adopted-from-1agn4h7l.png Figure 1. Typical stress-strain curve for ODF, adopted from https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-modified-methods-to-test-odf-esqv13ri.png Table 2. Summary of modified methods to test ODF disintegration. All tests were carried out at 37 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-setup-for-odf-puncture-test-left-and-36lht0sx.png Figure 2. Experimental setup for ODF puncture test (left) and sample holder for film preparations [36]. https://scispace.com/papers/trends-in-vitamin-mineral-and-dietary-supplement-use-in-3ci6sh8nd3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-selection-procedure-2z6xw4yu.png Figure 1: selection procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-multivariable-associations-between-socio-demographic-21y5sffy.png Table 1: multivariable associations between socio-demographic and clinical variables with changes in vitamin supplement use occurring between 2003-6 and https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multivariable-associations-between-socio-demographic-xznqditt.png Table 2: multivariable associations between socio-demographic and clinical variables with changes in dietary supplement use occurring between 2003-6 and https://scispace.com/papers/trends-in-total-and-extreme-south-american-rainfall-in-1960-51wks99v6u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-location-elevation-and-period-of-data-availability-39s0vnhe.png TABLE 2. Location, elevation, and period of data availability for 54 stations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-canonical-correlation-variance-correlation-between-3cdgzp07.png TABLE 3. Canonical correlation, % variance, correlation between canonical coefficients and the SOI for each coupled canonical pattern, and the significance of the trend in the indices’ canonical coefficients. Probabilities less than 0.05 are deemed significant and are indicated in bold. Totals are indicated in italics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-annual-average-mslp-composited-for-years-when-a-second-29jyw3oc.png FIG. 9. Annual average MSLP composited for years when (a) second SST–PRCPTOT canonical coefficient 0 and (b) second SST–PRCPTOT canonical coefficient 0. (c) Difference of (b) (a). Shading shows region where difference is significant at p 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-normalized-99th-percentile-of-wet-day-rainfall-1gqoq3hw.png FIG. 4. Normalized 99th percentile of wet-day rainfall averaged across all stations in the four quadrants of the continent. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-second-cca-coefficients-for-sst-prcptot-2eudmzx7.png FIG. 8. Second CCA coefficients for SST–PRCPTOT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-same-as-in-fig-5-but-for-the-second-cca-pattern-for-s8loe87w.png FIG. 7. Same as in Fig. 5, but for the second CCA pattern for SST–PRCPTOT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-same-as-in-table-3-except-for-gridded-indices-2i51dqsz.png TABLE 4. Same as in Table 3, except for gridded indices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-first-canonical-coefficient-for-prcptot-r20-mm-and-1h3zhmkl.png FIG. 6. First canonical coefficient for PRCPTOT, R20 mm, and R95p with the annual SOI. https://scispace.com/papers/trends-of-in-hospital-and-30-day-mortality-after-t4cwqvxwpx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3a-in-hospital-and-30-day-primary-cause-of-death-for-38jg3oad.png Table 3A. In-hospital and 30-day primary cause of death for the total cohort https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-and-procedural-characteristics-of-the-total-22fzq094.png Table 1. Patient and procedural characteristics of the total cohort https://scispace.com/papers/tri-factorization-learning-of-sub-word-units-with-3alg6xbrw3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-error-rates-after-fine-tuning-glkiikag.png Table 2. Error rates after fine tuning (%) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representations-of-utterance-4625-1y0d0pcl.png Fig. 2. Representations of utterance “4625”. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tri-factorization-learning-of-hidden-units-with-2uz61kw6.png Table 1. Tri-factorization learning of hidden units with multiplecontextual dependencies https://scispace.com/papers/triassic-seasonal-rivers-dusty-deserts-and-saline-lakes-swzptfr411 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-5-palaeogeography-and-palaeoenvironments-during-a-2wjy0i4o.png Fig. 13.5. Palaeogeography and palaeoenvironments during: (a) Early Triassic (Kidderminster Formation and equivalents); (b) early Anisian (Röt Halite Member and equivalents); (c) Carnian (Keuper Halite Member and equivalents). Modified from Warrington & Ivimey-Cook (1992). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-8-a-grey-mudstone-bed-sandwiched-between-upper-and-1cawsurh.png Fig. 13.8. (a) Grey mudstone bed sandwiched between upper and lower halite beds (darker grey). The mudstone shows large halite crystals (h) due to in situ production (Haselgebirge halite). Note the vertical, red-mud-filled structures (desiccation crack (d) ?) within the lower halite bed. Mythop Halite Member, 301.3 m in Thornton Cleveleys borehole, Lancashire. (b) Nodular and vein gypsum within red mudstones (Breckells Mudstone Member. 147.2 m in Hacensall Hall borehole). Reproduced by permission of the British Geological Survey, ©NERC, IPR/53-43c, all rights reserved. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-17-a-h-disconformity-arrowed-between-the-budleigh-3d24s7i6.png Fig. 13.17. (a) H-disconformity (arrowed) between the Budleigh Salterton Pebble Beds and the Otter Sandstone Formation. At this location the first beds in the Otter Sandstone are dune-bedded sandstones that occupy the upper part of the photo. There is a thick impersistant sandstone interval in this section of the upper most part of the Budleigh Salterton Pebble Beds; Budleigh Salterton, Devon. (b) Differential weathering of vertical rhizoconcretions from Unit B of the Otter Sandstone Formation, that are particularly marked in one bed (arrowed), Coal Beach, near Budleigh Salterton. People used for scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-10-detail-of-the-sedimentological-structures-in-the-237sivvw.png Fig. 13.10. Detail of the sedimentological structures in the Mercia Mudstone Group in borehole cores from the Nottingham area. Modified from Elliot (1961), using the lithostratigraphy of Howard et al. (2006). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-14-detailed-sedimentary-structures-and-correlation-in-3cdyocvb.png Fig. 13.14. Detailed sedimentary structures and correlation in the Tarporley Siltstone Formation at the Red Hill cutting, Cheshire. Modified from Ireland et al. (1978). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-20-the-stratigraphy-and-indicators-of-environmental-39gwftll.png Fig. 13.20. The stratigraphy and indicators of environmental change (organic carbon isotopes – d13 Corg, flora changes, etc.) in the Penarth Group and basal Blue Lias Formation (St Audries Bay, North Somerset). CM, Cotham Member; LM, Langport Member; WM, Williton Member. Compiled from Cohen & Coe (2002), Hesselbo et al. (2002, 2004) and Hounslow et al. (2004). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-15-the-detailed-correlation-of-cycles-in-the-thornton-3jfbmmqr.png Fig. 13.15. The detailed correlation of cycles in the Thornton Mudstone Member (Mercia Mudstone Group) of West Lancashire. From Wilson & Evans (1990). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-7-a-pale-carbonate-rich-beds-bed-a11-of-whittaker-2xuscgp1.png Fig. 13.7. (a) Pale carbonate-rich beds (bed A11 of Whittaker & Green 1983) interbedded with blocky-fracturing red and green mudstones. Branscombe Mudstone Formation, St Audries Bay, North Somerset. (b) Laminated siltstone-mudstones couplets, showing evidence of poorly preserved ripples, bisected by a large vertical desiccation crack (Thornton Mudstone Member, Churchtown borehole, Lancashire, 108 m). (c) Conchostracans (crustaceans – Euestheria minuta), from Cycle F of the Thornton Mudstone Member, Churchtown Borehole, depth 122.8 m. (d) Large reticular mudcracks with smaller intervening burrows of trace fossil Fuersichnus (?) on the base of a fallen sandstone bed from the Arden Sandstone Formation, Hook Ebb, South Devon. Photographs (b) and (c) reproduced by permission of the British Geological Survey, ©NERC, IPR/53-43c, all rights reserved. Photographs (a) and (d) courtesy of Richard Porter. Hammer 25 cm in length for scale in (a) and (d). Photograph (b) scale in cm, photograph (c) scale in mm. https://scispace.com/papers/triathlon-and-ultra-endurance-events-in-tropical-15jc37q34x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-trial-times-for-5-successive-blocks-4-km-cycling-1-yyc9j03f.png Figure 4. Trial times for 5 successive blocks (4 km cycling + 1.5 km running) with the ingestion of Neutral water (orange), Cold water (blue) and Ice-slurry (green). https://scispace.com/papers/triblock-copolymer-based-thermoreversible-gels-1-self-338gynyil7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-shear-storage-g-and-loss-g-moduli-vs-time-at-20degc-35jiqbah.png Figure 4 Shear storage (G') and loss (G") moduli vs. time at 20°C and 1 Hz for MBM solutions in o-xylene of various concentrations: 6wt% (○, ●), 7wt% (◊,♦), 8wt% ( , ▲), 9wt% (□, ■) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-d-s-c-thermogram-for-a-10wt-solution-of-mbm-table-1-16yg5vce.png Figure 3 D.s.c. thermogram for a 10wt% solution of MBM (Table 1) in o-xylene (heating rate: 20°C min -1 ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-frequency-sweep-of-a-mbm-gel-6-wt-in-o-xylene-in-370qjiic.png Figure 12 Frequency sweep of a MBM gel (6 wt%) in o-xylene in the 10-35°C interval. The sample was aged at 10°C for 24h https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-shear-storage-g-and-loss-g-moduli-vs-time-for-a-8-2r97c7r0.png Figure 5 Shear storage (G') and loss (G") moduli vs. time for a 8 wt% solution of MBM in o-xylene at 10°C (○, ●), 20°C (∆, ▲) and 25°C (◊,♦). The frequency is 1 Hz (6.28 rads-1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-shear-storage-g-and-loss-g-moduli-vs-time-at-22degc-3ix4ilvc.png Figure 6 Shear storage (G') and loss (G") moduli vs. time at 22°C for a 7 wt% solution of MBM in o-xylene at https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-thermal-dependence-of-the-shear-storage-g-and-loss-23r23f1o.png Figure 11 Thermal dependence of the shear storage (G') and loss (G") moduli at 1 Hz, when a 7 wt% MBM gel in o-xylene is melted (a) and allowed to reform on cooling (b) (rate: l°C min -1 ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-equilibrium-modulus-ge-vs-concentration-of-2sxmjvz3.png Figure 10 Equilibrium modulus Ge vs. concentration of copolymer for MBM gels in o-xylene at 1 Hz at 10°C https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-molecular-characteristics-of-the-studied-co-polymers-aavka5ep.png Table 1 Molecular characteristics of the studied (co)polymers https://scispace.com/papers/tribocorrosion-behavior-of-ti-c-o-n-nanostructured-thin-1vnkcj1nhx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-characteristics-of-the-three-3nefzb8z.png Table 1 Summary of the characteristics of the three representative thin films. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-bode-plot-phase-angle-vs-frequency-a-before-sliding-b-hkucse6v.png Fig. 8. Bode plot (phase angle vs. frequency). (a) Before sliding. (b) After sliding. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-tribocorrosion-process-evolution-of-current-and-1dnj4h97.png Fig. 7. Tribocorrosion process, evolution of current and friction coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-variation-in-film-capacitance-cf-for-the-selected-2t7zetul.png Fig. 11. Variation in film capacitance (Cf) for the selected films before and after sliding. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-variation-in-polarization-resistance-rp-for-the-338v7za5.png Fig. 10. Variation in polarization resistance (Rp) for the selected films before and after sliding. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-bode-plot-phase-angle-vs-frequency-a-before-sliding-b-3apotibp.png Fig. 9. Bode plot (phase angle vs. frequency). (a) Before sliding. (b) After sliding. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-reciprocating-pin-plate-3gmcaac2.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the reciprocating pin/plate tribometer and the electrochemical cell used in the test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-properties-of-the-selected-films-a-variation-in-the-3axo6wgg.png Fig. 3. Properties of the selected films. (a) Variation in the atomic concentration of the film elements as a function of the reactive gas flows ratio. (b) Presentation of the metalloid over the titanium atomic ratios, CC/CTi, CO/CTi, CN/CTi and (CC+CO+CN)/CTi. https://scispace.com/papers/tribological-aspects-to-optimize-traction-coefficient-during-29lriib4xe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-surface-profile-of-test-disks-for-each-initial-surface-46fzvtps.png Fig. 8 Surface profile of test disks for each initial surface profile and stage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-shape-and-dimension-of-test-disks-xychf19q.png Fig. 1 Shape and dimension of test disks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-schematic-model-of-the-effects-of-surface-texture-1u76io22.png Figure 15 Schematic model of the effects of surface texture on traction characteristics during the running-in period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-patterns-of-the-traction-coefficient-curves-3khnmvj6.png Fig. 6 Schematic patterns of the traction coefficient curves in Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-sub-surface-ebsd-plots-for-wheel-disk-a-and-disk-c-at-4743kl9v.png Fig. 11 Sub-surface EBSD plots for wheel disk-A and disk-C at stage-II. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experimental-conditions-koaa8lat.png Table 3 Experimental conditions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-amount-of-wear-particle-during-experiment-which-was-1pu8g1xq.png Fig. 12 Amount of wear particle during experiment which was caught under the disks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-twin-disk-rolling-sliding-24bcx84q.png Fig. 1 Shape and dimension of test disks. https://scispace.com/papers/tribological-tests-of-the-improved-piston-mechanism-of-the-v8fmyh8ijo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reduction-of-the-axial-component-of-the-friction-4xu9hkpu.png Figure 2. Reduction of the axial component of the friction forces in the motor mode for the improved piston and for the improved piston with hydrostatic bearing in comparison with the standard design piston. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dependence-of-the-shaft-torque-produced-by-a-single-1mclbpgr.png Figure 1. Dependence of the shaft torque produced by a single piston on the pressure in the piston chamber for the piston mechanism of standard design, modified design and modified design with hydrostatic bearing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experiment-initial-data-and-conditions-9x45piwv.png Table 1. Experiment initial data and conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dependence-of-the-friction-force-in-the-piston-pair-13ho6fmf.png Figure 3. Dependence of the friction force in the piston pair on the pressure for the standard, improved and improved with hydrostatic bearing of piston mechanisms in the pump mode. https://scispace.com/papers/tribology-of-the-wheel-rail-contact-aspects-of-wear-particle-1bi3k5nyej 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-adhesive-wear-mechanisms-298r8nzr.png Figure 3. Adhesive wear mechanisms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-abrasive-wear-mechanisms-2s9igg8y.png Figure 4. Abrasive wear mechanisms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-one-of-the-small-particles-in-the-ultra-fine-size-h58dpir7.png Figure 15: One of the small particles in the ultra-fine size interval found on a filter from a test with a sliding velocity of 0.8 m s–1 [27]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-uic60-900a-rail-steel-wear-map-lewis-olofsson-7-2gobfu5i.png Figure 7. UIC60 900A rail steel wear map (Lewis & Olofsson [7]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-ideal-friction-coefficients-in-the-wheel-rail-1tj8el15.png Figure 28. Ideal friction coefficients in the wheel–rail contact for heavy haul traffic [39]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-29-behaviour-of-friction-modifier-76-3ryipu2e.png Figure 29. Behaviour of friction modifier [76]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-30-the-influence-of-a-surface-roughness-and-b-surface-30u3p6gp.png Figure 30. The influence of (a) surface roughness and (b) surface orientation on the adhesion coefficient. [52] r.m.s (root mean square) refers to roughness parameter Rq https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-typical-particle-measurement-for-a-dry-wheel-rail-1nipx50q.png Figure 16. Typical particle measurement for a dry wheel–rail contact: the load applied on the roundhead pin is 40 N and the sliding velocity is 0.1 m s–1. These data represent the size distribution of particles in the 10 < dp < 540 nm interval recorded using an SMPS. [29] https://scispace.com/papers/tributyltin-and-triphenyltin-induce-11b-hydroxysteroid-27uoo9zg5p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-antagonists-of-rxra-and-pparg-on-organotin-3p3g1yaj.png Fig. 2. Effect of antagonists of RXRα and PPARγ on organotin-induced 11β-HSD2 activity. A) JEG-3 cells were treated for 24 h with 100 nM TBT, TPT or Bex in the absence or presence of LG754 (100 nM, 1 µM, 10 µM) as indicated. Thereafter, the conversion of radiolabeled cortisol to cortisone was determined after 4 h of incubation. Data, relative to vehicle treated cells, represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments each performed in triplicate. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test; p values: *<0.05, **<0.01, ***<0.001. B) JEG-3 cells were incubated with 50 nM TBT or TPT or 10 µM rosiglitazone with or without 10 µM GW9662 for 24 h. Cortisone formation was determined after exposure to radiolabeled cortisol for 4 h. Data were normalized to vehicle treated cells and represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments each performed in triplicate. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test; p value: *<0.05, ns (not significant). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-analysis-of-effect-of-rna-and-protein-synthesis-nmn5tmza.png Fig. 5 Analysis of effect of RNA and protein synthesis inhibitors and mRNA stability. A) Effect of CHX on the organotin-induced increase in 11β-HSD2 mRNA. JEG-3 cells were incubated for 8 h with medium containing DMSO vehicle or medium supplemented with 50 nM TBT, TPT or Bex with or without CHX at a concentration of 5 µg/mL. Subsequently, total RNA was isolated and 11β-HSD2 mRNA relative to control was analyzed (mean ± SD; n = 3). B) Effect of Act D on the organotin induced increase in 11β-HSD2 mRNA. JEG-3 cells were incubated with medium containing vehicle or supplemented with 50 nM TBT, TPT or Bex with or without Act D at a concentration of 10 µg/mL for 8 h. Thereafter, total RNA was isolated and 11β-HSD2 mRNA relative to control was analyzed (mean ± SD; n = 4). Data was analyzed by One-way ANOVA with Dunett’s post hoc test, p values: **<0.01, ***<0.001, ns (not significant). C) Effect of organotins on 11β-HSD2 mRNA stability. JEG-3 cells were incubated for 17 h with compounds as indicated, followed by the addition of 10 µg/mL of Act D. Total https://scispace.com/papers/trickle-down-effects-of-changing-value-of-euro-on-the-us-243qb57uyc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-contribution-to-gdp-usd-trillion-7crwu987.png Figure 12: Contribution to GDP:USD Trillion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-contribution-to-gdp-by-u6y90u4f.png Figure 13: Contribution to GDP: By % https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-euro-usd-x-rate-quarterly-average-2ab3h3s0.png Figure 2: Euro/USD X-Rate: Quarterly Average https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-nominal-gdp-t-2c5alax9.png Figure 21: Nominal GDP ($-T) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-gdp-contribution-usd-t-projected-2hb340dw.png Figure 23: GDP: Contribution (USD-T): Projected https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-gdp-contribution-projected-1h5qr7rv.png Figure 24: GDP:Contribution (%): Projected https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-euro-usd-x-rate-projected-1kpiu0ok.png Figure 5: Euro/USD X-Rate: Projected https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-money-supply-inflation-rate-4rpw9h64.png Figure 16: Money Supply & Inflation Rate https://scispace.com/papers/triggering-superior-sodium-ion-adsorption-on-2-0-0-facet-of-2atu2v9tzs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-cv-curves-of-wo3-acc-n-n-7-8-9-at-the-scan-rate-of-5-2rf7k8ry.png Fig. 3 (a) CV curves of WO3@ACC-n (n =7, 8, 9) at the scan rate of 5 mV s -1 . (b) The Nyquist plots of WO3@ACC-n. (c) Rate capabilities of WO3@ACC-n. (d) CV curves of WO3@ACC-8 at the scan rates of 5-50 mV s -1 . (e) Galvanostatic charge/discharge curves of WO3@ACC-8 at the current densities of 5-30 mA cm -2 . (f) Cycling stability of WO3@ACC-8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-sem-image-of-wo3-acc-8-the-inset-shows-the-low-hr20tw1r.png Fig. 2 (a) SEM image of WO3@ACC-8. The inset shows the low magnification picture. (b) High resolution SEM image of WO3@ACC-8, (c) EDS elemental mapping images of WO3@ACC-8. (d) TEM image of individual WO3@ACC-8 nanosheets. (e) HRTEM and FFT (inset) images of WO3@ACC-8 nanosheets. (f) High-magnification TEM image of WO3@ACC-8 nanosheets. https://scispace.com/papers/trihalomethane-concentrations-in-tap-water-as-determinant-of-5frzx2rzih 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-composition-of-tap-water-barcelona-2003-ixyq1nmc.png Table 1. Chemical composition of tap water. Barcelona, 2003-2006. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prevalence-of-bottled-water-consumption-to-drink-oomc13sy.png Figure 1. Prevalence of bottled water consumption to drink and cook in the city of Barcelona, 2006 (N=5,417). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-prevalence-ratio-pr-of-using-bottled-water-to-drink-1of89v8m.png Table 4. Prevalence ratio (PR) of using bottled water to drink and to cook by personal and water quality determinants. Barcelona, 2006 (N=5.417). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-the-water-quality-parameters-in-the-3qqofyc3.png Table 3. Distribution of the water quality parameters in the population and prevalence of bottled water use by each water quality category. N=5,417. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-the-study-population-and-prevalence-2l2evzq3.png Table 2. Description of the study population and prevalence of bottled water use by each personal determinant category. N=5,417. https://scispace.com/papers/trim21-serpinb5-aids-gmps-repression-to-protect-4gben0q4i7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-serpinb5-expression-increases-in-radioresistant-npc-3hhwr3u9.png Fig. 5 SERPINB5 expression increases in radioresistant NPC patients. a, b Immunohistochemistry staining of SERPINB5 and GMPS in radiosensitive a and radioresistant b patients. Based on the staining intensity, the images are divided into three grades from weakest to strongest (from 1 to 3, respectively) https://scispace.com/papers/trim-effect-on-the-resistance-of-sailing-planing-hulls-2effhq9nmr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-weights-breakdown-35z4p9as.png Table 1: Weights breakdown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-2j9v6qbv.png Figure 5 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-cross-overs-of-minimum-conditions-dpyocrd9.png Table 6: Cross-overs of minimum conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-uncertainty-analysis-for-a-test-run-at-and-a-2yzzgvnu.png Table 4: Uncertainty analysis for a test run at and a . https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-sensitivities-3fzkryne.png Table 5: Sensitivities. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ballast-positions-and-resulting-and-model-scale-21zn3puz.png Table 2: Ballast positions and resulting and (model scale). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-and-based-on-tested-for-each-test-condition-1xtv6p9m.png Table 3: and (based on ) tested for each test condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-1hul6o11.png Figure 6 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/papers/trimming-and-gluing-gray-codes-2tpuvgbias 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-notations-used-in-the-proof-of-theorem-7-iii-the-1mttnjoe.png Figure 4 Notations used in the proof of Theorem 7 (iii). The removed edges are dashed, the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-different-cases-of-k-and-l-covered-by-our-two-1ylp9t3k.png Figure 1 The different cases of k and l covered by our two main theorems on saturating cycles (left, Theorem 7) and on tight enumerations (right, Theorem 8) in Qn,[k,l] for the case n = 11. A more extensive animation of the entire parameter space (n, k, l) is available on the second author’s website [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-drawing-of-g5-left-highlighting-the-order-1dit5mel.png Figure 3 Schematic drawing of Γ5 (left) highlighting the order in which levels are visited, and the corresponding sequences Γ5,k, 0 ≤ k ≤ 5. See Figure 2 what the actual vertices are. The sequences up(Γ5,2), down(Γ5,2), and Γ5 trimmed to levels 1 up to 3 of Q5 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-hypercube-q5-left-where-the-grey-area-2vwj7c6s.png Figure 2 The hypercube Q5 (left), where the grey area represents all 16 edges along which the last bit is flipped, and the reflected Gray code Γ5 in Q5 (right), where the numbers are indices of vertices in Γ5 (starting from 0). The dashed edge represents the adjacency between the last and first vertex of Γ5. https://scispace.com/papers/triple-slot-phase-shifting-cell-loaded-with-capacitances-for-4zrpo3fk65 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-phase-responses-versus-frequency-when-ls1-23mm-ls2-syqqx5i1.png Figure 4. Phase responses versus frequency when LS1=23mm, LS2 is varied from 5mm to 23mm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-four-selected-phase-responses-for-different-values-3d6o7w49.png Figure 5. Four selected phase responses for different values of L, when LS1=23mm, LS2=11mm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-side-view-of-the-cell-with-the-metallic-cavity-1cwzwgf6.png Figure 3. Side view of the cell with the metallic cavity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-phase-standard-deviation-versus-frequency-3fxykop8.png Figure 7. Phase Standard deviation versus frequency https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-losses-for-the-four-selected-phase-responses-1wmn6gw6.png Figure 6. Losses for the four selected phase responses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-characterized-phase-shifting-cell-ls1-23mm-ls2-11mm-270kbame.png Figure 2. Characterized Phase-Shifting cell (LS1=23mm, LS2=11mm, WS=5mm, W=0.2mm, m=35mm, w=0.5mm, e=0.2mm, g=0.2mm, l=2.2mm, L=1mm for external slots, L={0.6, 2.55, 3.45, 5.6}mm for central slot) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-new-phase-standard-deviation-versus-frequency-18xv8d4m.png Figure 13. New phase standard deviation versus frequency https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-reflectarray-antenna-configuration-1wreqkli.png Figure 1. General reflectarray antenna configuration https://scispace.com/papers/triple-grating-polychromator-for-thomson-scattering-37ecutsrcl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagrammatic-layout-of-the-polychromator-showing-the-2ztslrm4.png Fig. 1. Diagrammatic layout of the polychromator showing the relative positions of the input mirror system, slits, collimating and https://scispace.com/papers/triple-quantum-correlation-nmr-experiments-in-solids-using-j-3q514caata 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-b-experimental-tqf-efficiencies-obtained-for-h9b8r2n2.png Figure 4: (a - b) Experimental TQF efficiencies obtained for fully 13C-labelled L-alanine, for a spinning frequency of 14 kHz in a magnetic field of 7.0 T, using the sequences in Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b, respectively. Circle, triangle and square symbols correspond to the Cα, Cβ and CO resonances, respectively. The curves correspond to the equations [2a-b] and [3a] including damping by single exponential decay function with a phenomenological time constant T of 20 ms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-e-numerical-simulations-of-the-tqf-efficiency-for-1fzozlc0.png Figure 3: (a –e) Numerical simulations of the TQF efficiency for fully 13C-labelled L-alanine in a magnetic field of 7.0 T using the pulse sequences in Fig. 1a (a – c) and Fig. 1b (d - f). Circle, triangle and square symbols correspond to the Cα, Cβ and CO resonances, respectively. The spinning frequencies are (a, d) 7, (b, e) 14 and (c, f) 34 kHz. The simulations were performed with SIMPSON [39] using the parameters given in [40,41] and neglecting relaxation effects. Powder averaging was performed using 615 {αM, βM} molecular orientational angles, chosen according to the ZCW scheme [50], and 10 values for the γM angle. The curves indicate the efficiencies expected from standard product operator algebra [38] for a liquid-like J-coupling Hamiltionan in the weak coupling approximation. In (a – c), the curves correspond to the Eq. [2a] (solid line) and to the Eq. [2b] (dashed line) and in (d – f), the curve correspond to the Eq. [3a] using JCO-Cα =55 Hz and JCα-Cβ =35 Hz [40,41]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-isotropic-region-of-the-31p-1d-mas-spectra-of-the-1i9xoi5i.png Figure 7: (a) Isotropic region of the 31P 1D MAS spectra of the (PbO)0.61(P2O5)0.39 glass. (b) Projections (scaled with an arbitrary factor) of the different spin-triplet correlation peaks along the SQ dimension of the TQ-SQ spectra shown in Fig. 5a and 5b. The projection of the Q1-Q1 correlation peak along the SQ dimension of a DQ-SQ spectrum obtained with the refocused INADEQUATE sequence is also shown as a dashed line [23]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-two-dimensional-tq-sq-13c-correlation-spectrum-of-34zlv6it.png Figure 2: (a) Two dimensional TQ-SQ 13C correlation spectrum of [U-13C] L-alanine obtained using the pulse sequence in Fig. 1a with delays τ1= τ2= 9 ms. 220 t1 increments with 48 transients each were collected using a recycle delay of 2s. The total experimental time was 7h 15min. (b) 2D TQ-SQ correlation spectrum recorded using the pulse scheme in Fig. 1b with a delay τ of 10 ms. 180 t1 increments with 48 transients each were collected using a recycle delay of 2s. The total experimental time was about 6h. In (a) and (b), 7 contours levels are plotted with a bottom contour at 6 % and a multiplicative factor of 1.55. The sum projections along the two dimensions are shown at the top and the left side of the 2D spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-two-dimensional-tq-sq-31p-correlation-spectra-of-3k5oh0sn.png Figure 6: (a) Two dimensional TQ-SQ 31P correlation spectra of the (PbO)0.61(P2O5)0.39 glass obtained at a spinning frequency of 14 kHz using the sequence in Fig. 1a. The spectrum was recorded with delays τ1 =14 and τ2 =12 ms in the two consecutive spin-echo periods used for both the TQ excitation and reconversion. 32 t1 increments with 264 transients each were collected using a recycle delay of 15 s, corresponding to a total experimental time of about 38 h. (b) 2D TQ-SQ correlation spectra obtained at a spinning frequency of 14 kHz using the sequence in Fig. 1b. The delay τ was set to 19 ms. 32 t1 increments with 168 transients each were collected using a recycle delay of 15 s, corresponding to a total experimental time of about 24 h. 7 contour levels are plotted in (a) and (b) with a bottom contour at 10 % and a multiplicative factor of 1.4. The sum projections along the two dimensions are shown at the top and the left side of the 2D spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pulse-sequences-used-to-record-the-tq-sq-321oqw49.png Figure 1: Pulse sequences used to record the TQ-SQ correlation spectra. The coherence transfer pathways assuming perfect pulses are indicated below each sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-two-dimensional-tq-sq-31p-correlation-spectra-of-3fqpu306.png Figure 5: Two dimensional TQ-SQ 31P correlation spectra of crystalline Pb3P4O13 obtained at a spinning frequency of 14 kHz, (a) using the sequence in Fig. 1a and (b) the sequence of Fig. 1b. 7 contours levels are plotted with a bottom contour at 8 % and a multiplicative factor of 1.5. The sum projections along the two dimensions are shown at the top and the left side of the 2D spectra. The spectrum in (a) was recorded with delays t1 = 16 ms and t2=10 ms in the two consecutive spin-echo periods used both for the TQ excitation and reconversion. The spectrum in (b) was acquired with a delay τ of 16 ms. For both spectra, 128 t1 increments with 48 transients each were collected. The recycle delay was set to 18 s with a presaturation sequence to ensure equivalent condition for each transient. The total experimental time was 32 h. https://scispace.com/papers/tripod-type-2-2-bipyridine-ligand-for-lanthanide-cations-2w7s1w1wcb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1cqwqsny.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-europium-cation-luminescence-spectra-of-complex-eu-6-2sdpo7o0.png Fig. 3. Europium cation luminescence spectra of complex Eu*6 (10 -5 М) in DCM at room temperature (excitation at 304 nm) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-structures-of-previously-published-ditopic-ligands-14q4iu7z.png Fig. 2. The structures of previously published ditopic ligands for lanthanide cations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-luminescence-spectra-of-complex-eu-6-10-5-m-in-dcm-at-3gpdmq2a.png Fig. 2. The structures of previously published ditopic ligands for lanthanide cations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-absorption-spectra-of-complex-eu-6-10-5-m-in-dcm-at-2g2xj4ls.png Fig. 1. Absorption spectra of complex Eu*6 (10 -5 М) in DCM at room temperature https://scispace.com/papers/triplet-constrained-deep-feature-extraction-for-28rwnid4mo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proposed-architecture-a-the-original-hyperspectral-2yiws1fs.png Fig. 1. Proposed Architecture. (a) The original Hyperspectral cube with B bands. (b) Batch of augmented samples: each mini-batch contains positive samples from one class and negative samples from different classes. (c) 3D-CNN learns feature embedding with triplet loss. (d) Resulting final spectral-spatial features produced by 3D-CNN. (e) Final classification map. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-ground-truth-b-output-of-the-our-method-c-difference-2etnpflx.png Fig. 3. (a) Ground truth; (b) output of the our method; (c) difference map against ground truth. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-training-and-test-losses-between-all-2183iyw7.png Fig. 2. Comparison of training and test losses between all anchor-positive and hard anchor-positive pairs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-performance-from-different-methods-gp5ixqlm.png Table 1. Comparison of performance from different methods https://scispace.com/papers/triplet-markov-trees-for-image-segmentation-wmfbnqk3aj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-parent-child-transition-detail-gray-region-in-a-for-3nwylpr6.png Fig. 1: Parent-child transition detail (gray region in (a)) for the different tree models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-numerical-results-left-column-original-images-columns-3qz4b3fq.png Fig. 3: Numerical results. Left column: original images. Columns 2, 3 and 4: results instances with SNR = −14 dB. The fifth column represents the average results with the first and third quartile variations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-restriction-of-the-quadtree-dependency-graph-from-1xlq3td3.png Fig. 2: Restriction of the quadtree dependency graph from Figure 1a to the 8 neighbors of s and their parents. The light red disks indicate the neighbor of Xs which are children of Xs− , the distribution of which is given by (12). The light blue disks represent the other neighbor of Xs, which are ruled by distribution (13). https://scispace.com/papers/tripwires-and-free-riders-do-forward-deployed-u-s-troops-3xe6io55ux 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-impact-of-ustroops-on-willingness-to-fight-1981-3mpzisgo.png Table 2. The impact of UStroops on willingness to fight, 1981–2014, base model 1 2 3 4 5 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-willingness-to-fight-1981-2014-average-scores-by-u-81tyb52b.png Figure 1. Willingness to fight, 1981–2014, average scores by U.S. troops deployment https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-u-s-troops-and-score-on-willingness-to-1wymbzhz.png Table 1. Number of U.S. troops and score on willingness to fight for WVS-participating countries with over 100 U.S. troops, 1981–2014 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-willingness-to-fight-1981-2014-average-scores-by-u-15tg4mj3.png Figure 2. Willingness to fight, 1981–2014, average scores by U.S. troops deployment (Japan and Germany excluded) https://scispace.com/papers/tris-2-ethylhexyl-trimellitate-totm-a-potential-reference-2ntzfjgtxb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fitting-parameters-of-eqs-3-and-4-qwvprq2r.png Table 4 Fitting Parameters of Eqs. (3) and (4). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-viscosity-data-for-totm-measured-with-the-vibrating-114vmd3s.png Table 3 Viscosity data for TOTM measured with the vibrating wire technique at temperatures from (303 to 373)K and pressures up to 65MPa. Density values were obtained using Eq. (6) with parameters of Table 4 from part II of this work [42]. The water content before and after the viscosity measurements was (99 and 175)mgkg 1, respectively https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-rd43m65s.png Table 3 Viscosity data for TOTM measured with the vibrating wire technique at temperatures from (303 to 373)K and pressures up to 65MPa. Density values were obtained using Eq. (6) with parameters of Table 4 from part II of this work [42]. The water content before and after the viscosity measurements was (99 and 175)mgkg 1, respectively https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characterization-of-the-liquids-used-in-this-work-4n56lc32.png Table 1 Characterization of the liquids used in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-viscosity-of-totm-measured-with-an-ubbelohde-f6xmic4b.png Table 6 Viscosity of TOTM measured with an Ubbelohde capillary viscometer at 0.1MPa. Density values, r(T), were obtained using Eq. (6) with parameters of Table 4, from part II of this work [42]. The water content before and after the measurements was (26 and 248)mgkg 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-deviations-of-the-vibrating-wire-totm-viscosity-data-2078qebh.png Fig. 4. Deviations of the vibrating wire TOTM viscosity data, from correlation Eq. (3), with parameters from Table 4 as a function of the density, for several https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plot-of-the-dimensionless-viscosity-h-for-totm-as-a-5k4x0uu0.png Fig. 3. Plot of the dimensionless viscosity, h*, for TOTM as a function of ln(Vm/V0) along several isotherms. Calculated by Eq. (3) (—) and experimental: ^, 303K; &, https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-viscosity-values-for-totmobtainedwith-the-vibrating-254re0qh.png Table 5 Viscosity values for TOTMobtainedwith the vibrating-wire technique, extrapolated to atmospheric pressure by means of Eq. (3) with parameters given in Table 4. Density values were obtained using Eq. (6) with parameters of Table 4, from part II of this work [42]. https://scispace.com/papers/tritium-breeding-and-direct-energy-conversion-1cuq9g4chb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-tritium-breeding-calculations-by-bell-2h9oh1kf.png Table 3. Tritium breeding calculations by Bell. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-direct-energy-conversion-for-a-mirror-fusion-re-actor-1c84h0xp.png Fig. 8. Direct energy conversion for a mirror fusion re actor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-tritium-breeding-calculations-by-steiner-3t3rf6jg.png Table 4. Tritium breeding calculations by Steiner. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-total-system-cost-as-a-function-of-q-for-dt-and-dhe3-1rh6m2z2.png Fig. 12. Total system cost as a function of Q for DT and DHe3 mirror reactors https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-effect-of-direct-conversion-on-the-overall-efficiency-1llpiln9.png Fig. 11. Effect of direct conversion on the overall efficiency of a mirror https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simple-mirror-field-generated-by-cylin-drical-coils-a-337r6n6w.png Fig. 6. Simple mirror field generated by cylin drical coils: (a) plasma particles in https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-hlrror-reactor-system-block-diagram-6cwdwkdq.png Fig. 10. Hlrror reactor system block diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tritium-and-energy-generation-per-14-1-hev-source-1z8hlbx3.png Fig. 3. . Tritium and energy generation per 14.1-HeV source neutron versus niobium volume fraction (first wall 0.1-cm niobium). https://scispace.com/papers/trithorax-group-proteins-switching-genes-on-and-keeping-them-1z08tpvwpb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cell-signalling-and-mll-three-examples-illustrate-ry6oc2gu.png Figure 5 | Cell signalling and MLL. Three examples illustrate the subtle interplays existing between the antagonistic functions of the Polycomb group (PcG) and Trithorax group (TrxG) complexes and major signalling pathways. Signalling pathways can act downstream of PcG–TrxG control mechanisms, can help the recruitment of PcG–TrxG complexes to their target genes or can themselves regulate PcG–TrxG activities. a | A model for PcGand TrxG-dependent control of the Notch signalling pathway. Pc repressive complex 1 (PRC1) regulates cell cycle progression via direct repression of the Notch signalling pathway at all levels of its hierarchy. Among the TrxG complexes, the UTX histonedemethylase complex is able to activate inhibitors of the Notch receptor, whereas the SWI/SNF (switch/sucrose nonfermentable) chromatin-remodellin g complex associates and collaborates with the activated Notch intracellular domain (ICD) to activate Notch targets. The Notch ICD is recruited to chromatin via CBF1. b | MYC-dependent targeting of PcG and TrxG complexes controls MYC-induced growth. On the one hand, MYC binds to components of the PRC1 complex and shares common targets, among which is MYC itself. On the other hand, MYC associates with TrxG complexes, like Absent small and homeotic discs 1 (ASH1) and ASH2-containing complexes, and trimethylates Lys4 on histone H3 (H3K4me3). MYC target gene promoters also reveal a strong dependency on the H3K4me3 status for E box-dependent MYC binding. Interestingly, the TrxG protein ASH1 can at the same time assist the PcG-dependent repression of a subset of MYC targets and participate in the TrxG-dependent activation of another subgroup of MYC targets. c | Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling acts upstream of PcG and TrxG to coordinate their antagonistic functions on immediate early genes. MAPK signalling cascades induce a nucleosomal response by a chromatin-remodelling mechanism, which is dependent on phosphorylation of Ser28 on histone H3 (H3S28P). This phosphorylation triggers eviction of PcG complexes from chromatin and, concomitantly, transcriptional activation of immediate early genes. The H3S28 phosphorylation could cause an epigenetic switch from the repressed H3K27me3 mark to the active mark, acetylation of Lys27 on histone H3 (H3K27ac). https://scispace.com/papers/tritium-movement-and-accumulation-in-the-ngnp-system-65sfbtc6ap 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-21-continued-3hcbjnqa.png Table 21. Helium inventory of the Peach Bottom high-temperature gas-cooled reactor and Fort St. Vrain. https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-major-specifications-for-the-next-generation-3j0kpg4t.png Table 16. Major specifications for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant using the high-temperature electrolysis process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-41-effect-of-varying-pressure-in-the-tertiary-loop-on-2kwx3iza.png Figure 41. Effect of varying pressure in the tertiary loop on tritium concentration in the helium coolant for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant using the high-temperature electrolysis process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-effect-of-varying-permeability-on-the-tritium-9bvkx4in.png Figure 22. Effect of varying permeability on the tritium concentration in the hydrogen product for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant using the high-temperature electrolysis process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-106-effect-of-varying-helium-flow-rate-at-the-2yisvwla.png Figure 106. Effect of varying helium flow rate at the purification system in all loops on the tritium concentration in the hydrogen product for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant using the sulfur iodine process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-59-nodalization-scheme-for-the-next-generation-2pq8rv1t.png Figure 59. Nodalization scheme for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant using the high-temperature electrolysis process without a tertiary loop. https://scispace.com/figures/table-28-comparison-of-tritium-concentrations-for-the-next-2atcv9o1.png Table 28. Comparison of tritium concentrations for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant using the high-temperature electrolysis process with and without the tertiary loop. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-31-effect-of-varying-helium-flow-rate-at-the-35emkt2y.png Figure 31. Effect of varying helium flow rate at the purification system on the tritium concentration in the electrolyzer’s gaseous process chemicals for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant using the high- https://scispace.com/papers/tritium-technology-review-1u95n41op2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-u-s-policy-on-radiation-doses-179e4bc3.png TABLE 1. U.S. POLICY ON RADIATION DOSES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-doubling-time-vs-breeding-ratio-as-a-function-of-3dqzpse9.png Fig. 1. Doubling time vs. breeding ratio as a function of fracdonal burn (PB) and dally tritium losses (L - Z) where R - L/FB. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-tritium-permeation-and-inventory-for-pca-and-23gkj7yu.png TABLE 4. TRITIUM PERMEATION AND INVENTORY FOR PCA AND VANADIUM8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-selected-values-of-diffusivity-and-solubility-ueq5kr9t.png TABLE 3. SELECTED VALUES OF DIFFUSIVITY AND SOLUBILITY https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-tritiim-mass-fuw-rates-ih-the-rlkst-uall-uf-et-for-373a9ewc.png TABLE 6. TRITIim MASS FUW RATES IH THE rlKST UALL/«Uf«ET FOR EXE REPRESENTATIVE StSTEHS https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-tritium-inventories-in-the-structure-and-blanket-for-1rxqflwi.png TABLE 7. TRITIUM INVENTORIES IN THE STRUCTURE AND BLANKET FOR SOME REPRESENTATIVE SYSTEMS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-permeability-of-hydrogen-through-various-candidate-1zpk22uu.png Fig. 3. Permeability of hydrogen through various candidate permeation barrier materials (Ref. 7). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-limiting-tritlun-partial-pressure-in-che-purge-channel-130ag0u0.png Fig. 7. Limiting tritlun partial pressure In Che purge channel ploCCed as a function of naxlaun Crlclun permeation race (a.) into the primary coolanc loop (T-UA107/H,0/HT9/Be 1 0 0 blanket). * i https://scispace.com/papers/trophectoderm-differentiation-to-invasive-1jyoqgu3z9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2b1aeily.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-25nk4tyl.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1hs4iemc.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/trophic-niche-breadth-and-niche-overlap-in-a-guild-of-flower-407ksppzxr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-breadth-of-trophic-niches-h-richness-of-visited-cz9p342i.png Table I. Breadth of trophic niches (H′), richness of visited plants (Spl), number of individuals in each bee species (Nind), and niche overlap (NO) index values between pairs of native bee species in a restricted Caatinga area in Northeastern Brazil. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-significance-of-kolmogorov-smirnov-tests-for-two-mrmbp5my.png Table II. Significance of Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests for two independent samples to assess differences in the distribution of visits to plants between pairs of bee species. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-plants-visited-by-bee-species-to-obtain-floral-3gwai5hf.png Table III. Plants visited by bee species to obtain floral resources in Caatinga area (São João do Cariri, Paraíba State, Brazil; modified from Aguiar et al. 1995). https://scispace.com/papers/trophic-partitioning-between-abundant-demersal-sharks-1d5l46nlky 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-and-standard-deviation-of-d13c-d15n-and-trophic-22zo5jwz.png Table 2. Mean and standard deviation of δ13C, δ15N and trophic level (TPSIA) estimated with δ15N of blackmouth catshark Galeus melastomus, common smoothhound Mustelus mustelus, longnose spurdog Squalus blainville, small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula and nursehound S. stellaris https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-main-prey-groups-in-diet-of-blackmouth-catshark-1j4spss0.png Table 3. Main prey groups in diet of blackmouth catshark Galeus melastomus, common smoothhound Mustelus mustelus, longnose spurdog Squalus blainville, small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula and nursehound S. stellaris from Mediterranean Sea https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stomach-content-results-of-blackmouth-catshark-nwhovpdj.png Table 1. Stomach content results of blackmouth catshark Galeus melastomus, common smoothhound Mustelus mustelus, longnose spurdog Squalus blainville, small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula and nursehound S. stellaris collected in the North Aegean Sea. N=sample size; Total length of individuals; mean and standar deviation of fullness index; V= vacuity index; FO%= Frequency of occurrence and W%=weight. https://scispace.com/papers/trophobiosis-between-a-blattellid-cockroach-3bdie14xay 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-35-macrophyllodromia-maximiliani-saussure-albuquerque-2fjku2jd.png Fig. 35; Macrophyllodromia maximiliani (Saussure), Albuquerque 1962: 422, Figs 1-5; Princis 1969: 772 (literature). https://scispace.com/figures/figs-2a-f-macrophyllodromia-spp-2a-e-males-from-barro-39somrcn.png Figs 2A-F. Macrophyllodromia spp.. 2A-E males from Barro Colorado Island, from slide preparations 2A-C M. maximiliani. 2A subgenital plate and styles (dorsal); 2B genitalia (dorsal); 2C supra-anal plate and paraprocts (ventral); 2D, 2E M. panamae Albuquerque; 2D subgenital plate and styles (dorsal); 2E genitalia (dorsal); 2F female, from Costa Rica, abdominal terga 8 - 10 (supra-anal plate; dorsal, pinned specimen). Scale lines = 1 mm. Abbreviations: a, subgenital plate; b, left style; c, interstylar margin; d, right style; e, left genital phallomere; f-h, median genital phallomere (aedeagus, penis): f, L2vm, median sclerite (L2 ventromedial), g, L2d (L2 dorsal); h. prepucial membrane); i, R2, genital hook, sclerite of the right phallomere; j, supra-anal plate; k, right paraproct; l, supra-anal plate. Genitalia terminology from McKittrick (1964). https://scispace.com/figures/figs-1-a-c-1a-the-fulgorid-e-sanguinea-1b-macrophyllodromia-2wiz4xek.png Figs 1. A-C. 1A The fulgorid, E. sanguinea; 1B Macrophyllodromia sp., female, the left tegmen and wing removed and shown separately; 1C Trophobiotic behavior of the cockroach M. maximiliani, palpating the elytra of the fulgorid C. guttata White. https://scispace.com/papers/tropical-impact-on-the-east-asian-winter-monsoon-380dyvzfiy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-interannual-correlations-from-reanalysis-data-for-3g99zqx3.png Table 1. Interannual Correlations From Reanalysis Data for DJF Means From 1960/61 to 2001/02a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-mean-a-b-c-djf-eawmslp-indices-and-d-e-f-shci-knjvqg8i.png Figure 1. The mean (a, b, c) DJF EAWMSLP indices and (d, e, f) SHCI indices (see section 2.3 for definitions) obtained from the reanalysis data ERA-40 (black indices) and from the ensemble means of the model experiments (blue: without relaxation; red: with relaxation). The grey shadings mark plus/minus two standard deviations of the index values from the ensemble members about the corresponding ensemble means. The correlation between the ensemble mean and the index obtained from the reanalysis is given in the figure (in brackets for the detrended time series). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-histograms-using-50-bins-of-the-correlations-r-3nrnwxjy.png Figure 2. The histograms, using 50 bins, of the correlations r between the (a) EAWMSLP and (b) SHCI indices from 10,000 possible realisations of the model experiments with the corresponding indices from the reanalysis. The dashed vertical lines show the distributions’ 95% and 99% ranges and the median respectively. The mean (m) and the standard deviation (s) of the distributions are given above each panel. For the calculation the time series are not detrended, but the results do not change substantially after detrending. https://scispace.com/papers/tropical-indian-ocean-influence-on-northwest-pacific-26re1r0hp3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-as-in-figs-4e-and-4f-but-for-la-nina-jas-0-composites-2fx70r53.png FIG. 6. As in Figs. 4e and 4f, but for La Niña JAS(0) composites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-linear-atmospheric-model-response-to-tio-heating-4ukozcjd.png FIG. 5. The linear atmospheric model response to TIO heating (left) without and (right) with interactive convective heating over the NW Pacific: (a),(c) anomalies of tropospheric (200–850 hPa) temperature (shading, 8C) and (200 2 850 hPa) vertical shear vectors; (b),(d) anomalies of vertical shear vectors and magnitude (shading, m s21) and mean zonal wind vertical shear (contour, m s21). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-number-of-tcs-and-category-4-and-5-tcs-in-the-nw-215wzyr8.png FIG. 1. Number of TCs and category 4 and 5 TCs in the NW Pacific during 1970–2008: (a) seasonal variation, (b) standard deviation by month, and (c) interannual variation in JAS (climatological mean shown in the gray line). SST (red line) averaged in the same region (58–258N, 1208–1808E) is superimposed. Wind vertical shear is included in the left corner of (a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolution-of-key-indices-composited-on-three-strong-el-1g6wdwao.png FIG. 2. Evolution of key indices composited on three strong El Niño events (1972/73, 1982/83, and 1997/98): (a) SST (8C) and rain rate (mm day21) in TIO, superimposed on the Niño-3.4 SST index; (b) TC number (gray bars), genesis potential (GP), zonal wind vertical shear (200 hPa 2 850 hPa; m s21), and surface wind vorticity (1026 s21) in the NW Pacific (NWP); and (c) NWP sea level pressure (SLP; hPa) and rain rate, superimposed with local SST. Long light gray bars highlight JAS(0) and JAS(1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-tc-tracks-and-anomalies-of-surface-wind-and-sst-2j3tjxk2.png FIG. 3. The TC tracks and anomalies of surface wind and SST (shading, 8C) in the NW Pacific for three strong El Niño events in (a) JAS(0) and (b) JAS(1). Black lines are for long-lived TCs and gray for other TCs. Total TC numbers are shown on the upper-left corner for the NW Pacific (58–258N, 1208–1808E) and for SCS in parentheses. The TC occurrence anomaly (per JAS season) is shown in the inset in the upper right corner; the 95% confidence level is shown in gray contours. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-strong-el-nino-composites-for-left-jas-0-and-right-jas-37e6u5tn.png FIG. 4. Strong El Niño composites for (left) JAS(0) and (right) JAS(1). (a),(e) Anomalies of rain rate (shading, mm day21) and surface wind vorticity (contour, 1026 s21); (b),(f) anomalies of tropospheric (200–850 hPa) temperature (shading, 8C) and (2002 850 hPa) vertical shear vectors, along with mean meridional wind vertical shear (contour, m s21); (c),(g) vertical shear magnitude anomaly (shading, m s21) and mean zonal wind vertical shear (contour, m s21), with the same vectors as in (b); (d),(h) anomalies of monthly genesis potential (GP) (shading) and potential intensity (PI) (contour; m s21). https://scispace.com/papers/troubles-de-la-voix-chez-les-enseignants-francais-prevalence-3il9ipsyrs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-exploration-du-gradient-entre-handicap-vocal-et-29itep34.png Figure 1. Exploration du gradient entre handicap vocal et bien-être https://scispace.com/papers/true-pareto-fronts-for-multi-objective-ai-planning-instances-p5fyamrk7b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-large-instances-parameters-and-generation-statistics-3un9lc89.png Table 2: Large instances: parameters and generation statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-true-pareto-fronts-for-the-instances-described-by-2gyp56v4.png Fig. 5: True Pareto Fronts for the instances described by Table 2. Remember that these Pareto fronts are made of discrete points: the lines are visual helps to make the general shape clear. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-increasing-simultaneously-n-and-t-with-f-i-g-i-i-1hcu1l2m.png Table 1: Increasing simultaneously n and t with f(i) = g(i) = i. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-and-ratio-for-generating-functions-f-i-g-i-log-i-2hh6vqgg.png Fig. 4: Time and ratio for generating functions f(i) = g(i) = log(i). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ratio-of-iterations-over-the-number-of-ppps-function-3uswqa09.png Fig. 3: Ratio of iterations over the number of PPPs, function of t (left) or n (right) for f(i) = g(i) = i. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-function-of-t-left-or-n-right-for-f-i-g-i-i-2fojsh1y.png Fig. 2: Time function of t (left) or n (right) for f(i) = g(i) = i. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-view-of-a-general-multizenotravel-problem-5lf3nkbg.png Fig. 1: A schematic view of a general MultiZenoTravel problem. https://scispace.com/papers/truncation-effect-on-precursor-field-structure-of-pulse-4kbuy0jjbn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-spectrum-of-full-gaussian-pulse-used-in-the-uprppy98.png Figure 1. The spectrum of full Gaussian pulse used in the analysis (solid curve) and complex permittivity of the selected Lorentz medium (dotted and dashed curves). The frequency scale is normalized to the carrier frequency ωc. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-transient-waveform-of-a-ultra-wideband-gaussian-2y2qvpxx.png Figure 5. The transient waveform of a ultra-wideband Gaussian pulse with 2T = 0.04 fs penetrating into the Lorentz medium for 100 zd, together with the dotted curve representing the scaled original pulse which propagates in vacuum for the same distance. The dotted curve, representing the luminally propagating pulse, is clearly ahead of the wake-up of the ultra-wideband full Gaussian pulse. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-frequency-domain-comparison-between-the-spectra-of-2s81vsp3.png Figure 8. Frequency-domain comparison between the spectra of full and truncated Gaussian pulses with the same parameters at z = 300zd = 3.576µm, where absorption depth zd = 11.92 nm, carrier frequency ωc = 5.75× 1016 s−1, initial pulse width 2T = 0.4 fs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-velocities-of-the-envelope-peak-of-three-different-2zpl21wp.png Figure 4. Velocities of the envelope peak of three different structures of the waveform. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-attenuation-of-the-peak-of-the-pulse-envelope-of-38x9ir5a.png Figure 3. Attenuation of the peak of the pulse envelope of the three different structures of the waveform. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-influence-of-truncation-points-on-the-sequence-2j55hyn4.png Figure 10. The influence of truncation points on the sequence of pulse components. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dynamic-evolution-of-truncated-gaussian-pulse-at-t0-1ri2o9jn.png Figure 6. Dynamic evolution of truncated Gaussian pulse at t0 = −4.5T = 0.9 fs in Lorentz medium, with absorption depth zd = 11.92 nm, carrier frequency ωc = 5.75 × 1016 s−1, initial pulse width 2T = 0.4 fs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dynamic-evolution-of-full-gaussian-pulse-in-lorentz-3d78ob46.png Figure 2. Dynamic evolution of full Gaussian pulse in Lorentz medium, with absorption depth zd = 11.92 nm, carrier frequency ωc = 5.75 × 1016 s−1, initial pulse width 2T = 0.4 fs. https://scispace.com/papers/true-stress-and-poisson-s-ratio-of-tendons-during-loading-4aqb33xcjr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-8-superficial-digital-flexor-17rn97hy.png Table 1. Characteristics of the 8 superficial digital flexor tendons tested (x: missing data, F: female, M: male). https://scispace.com/papers/truly-protect-an-efficient-vm-based-software-protection-97nj8qfkkt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-just-in-time-decryption-performance-program-running-2e4ciegx.png Fig. 2. Just-in-time decryption performance. Program running time (in seconds) as a function of input size. Note the logarithmic scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mips-machine-instructions-3eeui4c4.png Fig. 6. MIPS machine instructions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-just-in-time-decrypting-2sbxzwcs.png Fig. 1. Just-in-time decrypting. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-program-decryption-time-in-cycles-using-aes-and-our-2u92wnqo.png Fig. 4. Program decryption time (in cycles) using AES and our cipher with different values of p. = 4. α = 112. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-program-decryption-time-in-cycles-using-left-to-right-1tueh7kt.png Fig. 5. Program decryption time (in cycles) using (left to right) a regular execution, interpretation, AES, and our cipher. = 4. α = 112. p = 0.2. Note the logarithmic scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-correlation-between-ph-and-q-here-p-0-2-15gaef20.png TABLE I CORRELATION BETWEEN , φ, AND q. HERE, p = 0.2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-program-decryption-time-in-cycles-using-aes-and-our-e48plbjx.png Fig. 3. Program decryption time (in cycles) using AES and our cipher with different values of p. = 4. α = 14. https://scispace.com/papers/truss-model-for-shear-strength-of-structural-concrete-walls-2oudh0pl3d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-strut-and-tie-mechanisms-proposed-by-hwang-and-lee-11-aw91610c.png Fig. 1—Strut-and-tie mechanisms proposed by Hwang and Lee.11 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-vexp-vn-plotted-against-height-to-length-ratio-hw-lw-1au4b1ei.png Fig. 4—Vexp/Vn plotted against height-to-length ratio (hw/lw). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-vexp-vn-plotted-against-concrete-compressive-strength-uztd45oz.png Fig. 5—Vexp/Vn plotted against concrete compressive strength (fc′). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-vexp-vn-plotted-against-ratio-of-vertical-n1qr7cxf.png Fig. 6—Vexp/Vn plotted against ratio of vertical reinforcement in boundary element (ρb). Note: ρb = Asb/(bf × tf). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-data-of-rc-walls-failing-in-shear-1l4uyepf.png Table 1—Experimental data of RC walls failing in shear https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cont-experimental-and-calculated-wall-shear-3rr4qdo2.png Table 2 (cont.)—Experimental and calculated wall shear strengths https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-state-of-stresses-in-a-typical-rc-wall-panel-3jgenpsq.png Fig. 2—State of stresses in a typical RC wall panel. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-and-calculated-wall-shear-strengths-1fc9s9pj.png Table 2 (cont.)—Experimental and calculated wall shear strengths https://scispace.com/papers/truss-topology-optimization-using-an-improved-species-3x98rde4pb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-effects-of-species-mutation-343r5hq9.png Figure 9. Effects of species mutation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effects-of-generations-with-different-population-3h8k23kj.png Figure 7. Effects of generations with different population sizes for Example 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-fea-process-39a9hi58.png Figure 1. The FEA process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-example-1-rx4a3f34.png Table 4. Results of Example 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-15-member-and-six-node-ground-structure-33xxdsvy.png Figure 5. The 15-member and six-node ground structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-ten-nodes-of-example-2-1iit18jv.png Figure 11. Ten nodes of Example 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-effects-of-mutation-techniques-1tuip1ex.png Figure 10. Effects of mutation techniques. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-structure-of-the-scga-25fswers.png Figure 3: The structure of the SCGA https://scispace.com/papers/truncation-strategies-in-two-sided-matching-markets-theory-3t4yac24ib 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-distribution-of-final-outcomes-3nn5a0z9.png Table 6: Distribution of final outcomes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-payoff-difference-between-truth-telling-and-17mf0khc.png Figure 2: The payoff difference between truth-telling and optimal truncation across rounds of the experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-table-reports-results-from-ordered-logit-wqmzcrkd.png Table 5: The table reports results from ordered logit regressions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-our-within-subject-experimental-design-varies-the-1lpza2cj.png Table 1: Our within-subject experimental design varies the strategic incentives that subjects face in terms of the profitability and riskiness of truncation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-subjects-strategies-based-on-the-3rx6h7dk.png Table 2: Distribution of subjects’ strategies (based on the length of the submitted rank-order list). The distributions from both the experimental data and derived from uniformly random behavior are included. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-subjects-strategies-based-on-the-2xw6sllh.png Table 3: Distribution of subjects’ strategies (based on the degree of truncation). The distributions from both the experimental data and derived from uniformly random behavior are included. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-distributions-of-the-distances-to-the-worker-2ovjhuoi.png Figure 6: Distributions of the distances to the worker-optimal and firm-optimal stable matchings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-of-our-experimental-interface-this-is-1xs68mws.png Figure 1: An example of our experimental interface. This is the screen that WORKER A observes in Round 1 of the experiment. https://scispace.com/papers/trunk-muscle-activation-during-golf-swing-baseline-and-1p9376mktk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-error-bars-methods-a-a1-a2-method-b-b1-b2-and-visual-22ymcrqt.png Fig. 3. Error bars methods A (A1, A2), method B (B1, B2) and visual inspection (IV1, IV2). RA – rectus abdominis; EO – external oblique; ES – erector spinae. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-baseline-mvc-method-a-b-ba-oj55a5pj.png Fig. 1. (A) Baseline MVC method A; (B) Ba https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-examples-of-onset-burst-and-onset-peak-rarq05-right-znm09s0p.png Fig. 2. Examples of onset burst and onset peak. RARQ05 – right rectus abdominis 4-iron trial 5; RALP05 – left rectus abdominis pitch trial 5; EORQ01 – right external oblique 4- iron trial 1; EOLP01 – left external oblique pitch trial 1; ESRP02 – right erector spinae pitch trial 2; ESLQ02 – left erector spinae 4-iron trial 2. https://scispace.com/papers/trust-and-reciprocity-in-incentive-contracting-4h6poiohm9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-desired-share-earnings-all-treatments-162481h4.png Figure 4: Desired Share Earnings: All Treatments https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-demand-for-reward-and-punishment-36yasdkg.png Table 3: Demand for Reward and Punishment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-desired-payback-all-treatments-29dfyj58.png Figure 3: Desired Payback: All Treatments https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-determinants-of-the-probability-of-p2-fulfilling-2vw2ovj6.png Table 2: Determinants of the Probability of P2 Fulfilling Contract https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-implicit-contracting-game-3ofv16ya.png Figure 1: Implicit Contracting Game https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-transfers-across-treatments-3v55sdnx.png Figure 2: Transfers Across Treatments https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-trust-with-incentive-conditions-3s73g55b.png Table 1: Comparison of Trust with Incentive Conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-actual-share-earnings-all-treatments-3mlbgy8p.png Figure 6: Actual Share Earnings: All Treatments https://scispace.com/papers/trust-and-distrust-polar-opposites-or-independent-but-co-maqnx6ordg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-expressions-and-manifestations-felt-by-low-trust-m7100uku.png Table 6: Expressions and manifestations felt by Low Trust/Weak Distrust and Low Trust/High Distrust trustors (only includes those who had a single focus) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-emotions-included-in-the-card-sort-1j2yt6q5.png Table 2: Emotions included in the card sort https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-trustors-focus-of-trust-and-distrust-3cj0sgpx.png Table 3: Trustors’ focus of trust and distrust https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participants-profiles-jvxximnq.png Table 1: Participants’ profiles https://scispace.com/papers/trust-and-reciprocity-with-transparency-and-repeated-28civc3p3s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-for-matched-pairs-t-tests-for-changes-in-9av3qnlb.png Table 1. Statistics for matched-pairs t-tests for changes in trust and reciprocity indices over time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-reciprocity-indices-by-game-round-and-25049sjy.png Figure 2. Mean reciprocity indices by game, round and information condition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-trust-indices-by-game-round-and-information-p9ct6hev.png Figure 1. Mean trust indices by game, round and information condition https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reciprocity-analysis-of-variance-by-game-dn6lz3x5.png Table 3. Reciprocity Analysis of Variance (by Game) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-trust-analysis-of-variance-by-game-27ptf0tb.png Table 2. Trust Analysis of Variance (by Game) https://scispace.com/papers/trust-based-techniques-for-collective-intelligence-in-social-rioh190k83 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-percentage-of-relative-gain-1yd7yzh5.png Fig. 4 Percentage of relative gain https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-beta-distributions-2wv7cgan.png Fig. 2 Beta Distributions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-queries-difficulty-levels-14j8gcp6.png Table 2 Queries Difficulty Levels https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-baseline-results-without-trust-1ywjj9tf.png Table 3 Baseline results without trust https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-browsing-activity-report-376e09gp.png Table 1 Browsing activity report https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-search-engine-and-the-expertise-function-5poty4nu.png Fig. 3 Search Engine and the expertise Function https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-full-expert-function-results-1d0wm39r.png Table 4 Full expert function results https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-limited-expert-function-results-hdisgl9q.png Table 5 Limited expert function results https://scispace.com/papers/trust-in-online-hotel-reviews-across-review-polarity-and-2yv44cga6v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-structural-model-n-300-1ozvtzfm.png Figure 2. The structural model (N = 300). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-for-the-moderating-role-of-review-polarity-193yt7jx.png Table 4. Results for the moderating role of review polarity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-for-the-moderating-role-of-hotel-category-mn9c0f6g.png Table 5. Results for the moderating role of hotel category. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-experimental-condition-of-negative-reviews-for-1q4zmgqt.png Figure 1. The experimental condition of negative reviews for budget hotel. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measurement-model-results-26kt0tf9.png Table 2. Measurement model results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-loadings-and-cross-loadings-1n0t6tyt.png Table 3. Loadings and cross-loadings. https://scispace.com/papers/trust-management-for-encounter-based-routing-in-delay-krldqdse1x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spn-model-2oy4277k.png Figure 1: SPN Model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-number-of-copies-propagated-per-message-1uvqnn97.png Figure 5: Number of copies propagated per message. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-message-delay-comparing-trust-based-vs-connectivity-mtqvb3or.png Figure 4: Message delay: comparing trust-based vs. connectivity-based and epidemic routing protocols. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-message-delivery-ratio-comparing-trustbased-vs-3n1jq9rc.png Figure 3: Message delivery ratio: comparing trustbased vs. connectivity-based and epidemic protocols. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparing-as-a-function-of-time-with-respect-to-3l738vum.png Figure 2: Comparing ,  as a function of time with respect to node j’s compromise rate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-default-parameter-values-used-1jr7vt2t.png Table 1: Default parameter values used. https://scispace.com/papers/trust-management-services-in-relational-databases-3funuqvjl4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-of-delegation-graph-26uc8j40.png Figure 2: An example of delegation graph https://scispace.com/papers/trust-with-private-and-common-property-effects-of-stronger-pgrkluvx6j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parametric-and-nonparametric-tests-of-type-x-data-1bux84uh.png Table 2. Parametric and nonparametric tests of Type X data for CH1 and CH2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-average-type-y-response-data-for-ch3-2ohkxpg2.png Figure 6. Comparison of average Type Y response data for CH3, CH4, and CH5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-type-y-decision-screen-for-the-strategy-method-2umgavv5.png Figure 2. Type Y decision screen for the strategy method protocol. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parametric-and-nonparametric-tests-of-average-type-y-88q8rvht.png Table 3. Parametric and nonparametric tests of average Type Y response data for CH1 and CH2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parametric-and-nonparametric-tests-of-avg-type-y-2fu86g6t.png Table 5. Parametric and nonparametric tests of avg. Type Y data for CH3 and pooled CH4 and CH5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-average-type-y-response-data-for-ch1-2s7n4dz1.png Figure 4. Comparison of average Type Y response data for CH1 and CH2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-computer-screenshot-of-the-real-effort-task-3gx3cjsd.png Figure 1. Computer screenshot of the real effort task. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-type-x-data-for-ch1-and-ch2-35zgyoo0.png Figure 3. Comparison of Type X data for CH1 and CH2. https://scispace.com/papers/trusts-and-financialization-1fogvmbk3s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tombstone-notice-showing-trust-used-to-issue-bonds-1s6vmlus.png Figure 2. Tombstone notice showing trust used to issue bonds for Northwest Airlines. https://scispace.com/papers/trusting-former-rebels-an-experimental-approach-to-2lxmd8e3x2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distribution-of-age-of-first-abduction-among-former-12k7vlke.png Fig. 2. Distribution of Age of first Abduction among Former Abductees https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-of-the-length-of-abduction-among-former-2u2jwfjl.png Fig. 1. Distribution of the Length of Abduction among Former Abductees https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-in-average-trustworthiness-average-2jlom7hx.png Fig. 3. Distribution in Average Trustworthiness (Average Percentage Returned in Trust Game) Notes. Histogram. N = 328. Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-abduction-by-the-lra-and-expected-trust-and-altruism-1rtqettd.png Table 4 Abduction by the LRA and Expected Trust and Altruism https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-amount-sent-in-dictator-game-disaggregated-by-2y626w1f.png Fig. 5. Amount Sent in Dictator Game, Disaggregated by Treatment and the Abduction History of Subjects’ Sons https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-means-sd-wzjavriw.png Table 1 Summary Statistics: Means (SD) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-amount-sent-in-trust-game-disaggregated-by-treatment-3usdajh5.png Fig. 4. Amount Sent in Trust Game: Disaggregated by Treatment and the Abduction History of Subjects’ Sons https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-behaviour-towards-former-soldiers-trust-and-altruism-3dyhka15.png Table 5 Behaviour Towards Former Soldiers: Trust and Altruism https://scispace.com/papers/truth-and-deception-at-the-rhetorical-structure-level-3qnn8acyvq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sample-diagram-for-rst-analysis-3vkkjfho.png FIG. 1. Sample diagram for RST analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-similarity-based-clustering-framework-strehl-et-al-1sb9zcmi.png FIG. 3. Similarity-based clustering framework (Strehl et al., 2000). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-distributions-of-expected-levels-of-deception-and-dr8cba5j.png FIG. 11. Distributions of expected levels of deception and truthfulness in truthful stories (second sample). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-distribution-of-deception-and-truthfulness-levels-for-q1gnn9vi.png FIG. 10. Distribution of deception and truthfulness levels for truthful stories (second sample). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-four-clusters-in-rst-space-by-level-of-deception-1ectseb3.png FIG. 4. Four clusters in RST space by level of deception. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-distributions-of-expected-levels-of-deception-and-l00qyx9b.png FIG. 8. Distributions of expected levels of deception and truthfulness in deceptive stories (main sample). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-distributions-of-expected-levels-of-deception-and-1udjin8t.png FIG. 9. Distributions of expected levels of deception and truthfulness in truthful stories (main sample). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-distribution-of-deception-and-truthfulness-levels-for-24odv4tp.png FIG. 6. Distribution of deception and truthfulness levels for deceptive stories (main sample). https://scispace.com/papers/truth-in-the-digital-library-from-ontological-to-11w5kcbbb2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-several-layers-composing-the-annotation-graph-in-e-n9gnxhkw.png Fig. 1. The several layers composing the annotation graph in E-SIA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sample-personal-annotations-1q3kqove.png Fig. 3. Sample personal annotations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-porphyry-2000-screenshot-annotations-and-documents-2zfa9vf4.png Fig. 2. Porphyry 2000 screenshot: annotations and documents. https://scispace.com/papers/trying-times-how-might-the-lockdown-change-time-use-in-3khuzk5wmz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-weekday-pre-pandemic-time-use-in-term-time-among-3tuwjamp.png Figure 3. Weekday pre-pandemic time use in term-time among single-child, dualearner couples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-childrens-time-use-excluding-sleep-during-term-time-21fu9muv.png Figure 1. Children’s time use (excluding sleep) during term-time, 2014–15 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-weekday-time-use-during-term-time-in-single-child-vfy2gofn.png Figure 2. Weekday time use during term-time in single-child families with all adults in work, 2014–15 https://scispace.com/papers/tsallis-entropy-of-uncertain-random-variables-and-its-4kwlx700fd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-securities-lr8m1wrm.png Table 1 Securities https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-portfolio-proportion-in-model-2-289779mn.png Table 3 Portfolio Proportion in Model (2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tsallis-entropy-for-uncertain-normal-variable-gfr3x6wf.png Figure 1: Tsallis Entropy for Uncertain Normal Variable https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-convergence-curve-in-model-1-2fqixnib.png Figure 2: Convergence Curve in Model (1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-portfolio-proportion-in-model-1-1q4h9ibn.png Table 2 Portfolio Proportion in Model (1) https://scispace.com/papers/try-online-before-you-buy-how-does-shopping-with-augmented-1r7adet17j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conceptual-model-vk4uy8wv.png Fig. 1. Conceptual model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-1aazieo6.png Table 1 Sample characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measurement-items-with-factor-loadings-and-1aadu25z.png Table 2 Measurement items with factor loadings and descriptives per variable. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-indirect-effects-of-online-product-presentation-on-2d7rvz2q.png Table 5 Indirect effects of online product presentation on brand attitude, purchase intention and willingness to share personal data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-means-and-standard-deviations-per-condition-rdzyb0vx.png Table 4 Means and standard deviations per condition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-control-variables-224bmmwf.png Table 3 Control variables. https://scispace.com/papers/trypanosomosis-in-goats-current-status-48cfvuf6tr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-presence-of-t-evansi-and-t-vivax-in-south-america-ruu9wb4l.png FIGURE 2. Presence of T. evansi and T. vivax in South America based on Dávila and Silva.41 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tropical-area-in-africa-tsetse-area-as-well-as-29xmqem3.png FIGURE 1. Tropical area in Africa (tsetse area) as well as countries where T. evansi has been reported. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-asia-countries-in-which-t-evansi-has-been-described-3dgfvt4y.png FIGURE 3. Asia. Countries in which T. evansi has been described. https://scispace.com/papers/tsk-inference-with-sparse-rule-bases-zxaprm4smh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-calculation-of-similarity-degree-iy7fdt10.png Table 2 The Calculation of Similarity Degree https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-example-triangular-fuzzy-set-and-its-cog-202rn4y1.png Fig. 2 A example triangular fuzzy set and its COG https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-surface-view-of-the-model-37kbm585.png Fig. 3 Surface view of the model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experimentation-results-for-comparison-3vy5uv8g.png Table 3 Experimentation Results for Comparison https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-generated-tsk-rule-base-1ba9wamk.png Table 1 Generated TSK Rule Base https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fuzzy-partition-for-tsk-modelling-1f88bz5j.png Fig. 5 Fuzzy partition for TSK modelling https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fuzzy-partition-of-domain-of-input-1qowyz6a.png Fig. 4 Fuzzy partition of domain of input https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representation-of-tsk-approach-14t7w9zr.png Fig. 1 Representation of TSK approach https://scispace.com/papers/tsumeb-zincolivenite-and-the-adamite-olivenite-series-2lyzhytjf9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-44-intergrown-crystals-of-bottle-green-zincolivenite-24wt67m7.png Figure 44. Intergrown crystals of bottle-green zincolivenite (mean MPCu = 64.52 %; range: 63.57 – 66.06 %) associated with yellow gartrellite (XRD/EDS confirmed). Field of view is 4 cm (in a 9 cm specimen). Malcolm Southwood specimen (# MS 2009.064) and photo. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-43-fans-of-curvilinear-crystals-of-emerald-green-i3ujhuwp.png Figure 43. Fans of curvilinear crystals of emerald-green zincolivenite (mean MPCu = 55.35 %; range: 49.83 – 60.37 %) forming discoidal aggregates over a carpet of smaller crystals of the same mineral, associated with quartz, goethite and wulfenite. 9.5 cm. Malcolm Southwood specimen (# MS 2017.069) and photo. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-elongated-prismatic-crystals-to-5-mm-with-a-marked-12o9030c.png Figure 17. Elongated, prismatic crystals (to 5 mm) with a marked color zoning, ranging in composition from near end-member adamite to zincolivenite. The pale-yellow base of the crystals has a value for MPCu of 1.72 %, close to end-member adamite, grading up into yellow-green copperrich adamite, and green terminations with a value for MPCu of 38.51 % which lies well within the compositional field of zincolivenite. The mean MPCu is 22.22 %. 5 cm specimen. Crystal Classics specimen; John Schneider photo. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-pseudo-octahedral-crystals-to-6-mm-of-bottle-green-3iz249fl.png Figure 18. Pseudo-octahedral crystals (to 6 mm) of bottle-green zincolivenite (mean MPCu = 26.85 %) associated with a yellow micro-botryoidal mineral of the tsumcorite group. The zincolivenite crystals are zoned, with paler, frosted cores. WDS analysis shows that zones of both adamite and zincolivenite are present in these crystals, with MPCu ranging from 11.14 % to 38.69 %. 3 cm. Malcolm Southwood specimen (# MS 2013.002) and photo. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-45-curvilinear-fan-shaped-crystals-of-bottle-green-35oscmf8.png Figure 45. Curvilinear, fan-shaped crystals of bottle-green zincolivenite (mean MPCu = 67.01 %; range: 50.11 – 79.35 %) associated with a yellow tsumcorite group mineral. While the mean MPCu value for this specimen lies within the compositional range of zincolivenite, the maximum value indicates that zones of olivenite are also present. This 4 cm specimen was collected by the late John Innes, chief mineralogist at Tsumeb in the early 1980s, from 35 level north-east, in the second oxidation zone. Malcolm Southwood specimen (# MS 2014.001) and photo. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-46-a-bow-tie-aggregate-of-greenish-black-olivenite-2kxw6c28.png Figure 46. A ‘bow-tie’ aggregate of greenish-black olivenite crystals (mean MPCu = 80.38 %; range: 79.39 – 80.89 %), associated with equant crystals of lighter green duftite / conichalcite and slender individual prisms (to 2.5 mm) of yellow-green olivenite (EDS analysis only) on quartz. 2 cm. Malcolm Southwood specimen (# MS 1985.018) and photo. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-orange-yellow-crystals-of-adamite-to-2-mm-over-yls1nn9f.png Figure 10. Orange-yellow crystals of adamite (to 2 mm) over massive sulfide. This is essentially endmember adamite, with a value for MPCu of < 0.01%. 3.7 cm. Malcolm Southwood specimen (# MS 2014.068) and photo. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-distribution-of-mean-compositions-of-43-specimens-1ekeztw9.png Figure 9. Distribution of mean compositions of 43 specimens of adamite – olivenite series minerals from Tsumeb. Adamite (yellow) specimens appear towards the left of the chart (i.e. lower Cu content); zincolivenite (green) in the center and olivenite (olive-green; higher Cu content) on the right. https://scispace.com/papers/tube-mpc-for-a-class-of-uncertain-continuous-nonlinear-31s98kohpl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-compressor-system-with-ccv-18-ruw0aw7e.png Fig. 1. The compressor system with CCV [18]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-control-signal-p8i1i5yl.png Fig. 4. Control signal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-compression-system-trajectories-22v82nkh.png Fig. 5. Compression system trajectories. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-flow-of-compressor-o79zu8si.png Fig. 3. Flow of compressor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pressure-of-compressor-3lkozq2j.png Fig. 2. Pressure of compressor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-control-signal-3n4w1wnw.png Fig. 8. Control signal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-compression-system-trajectories-2l3kqwtv.png Fig. 9. Compression system trajectories. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-pressure-of-compressor-1nmzg7wq.png Fig. 6. Pressure of compressor. https://scispace.com/papers/tuberculosis-biomarkers-discovered-using-diversity-outbred-thtpzohp7p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-121-genes-are-unniquely-and-highly-expressed-in-20kf2dbo.png Figure 2. 121 genes are unniquely and highly expressed in lungs of SS DO mice, compared to other groups. Microarray gene expression profiling identified a set of 121 genes that changed significantly >2-fold in SS (dark brown) relative to noninfected (gray) and to not-supersusceptible (tan) DO mice. Rows and columns correspond to genes and individual DO mice, respectively. Hierarchical clustering was performed across all rows and was also performed separately within each group. We z-normalized the expression values for each gene to a mean of zero and standard deviation of one across all samples in each row; blue, white, and red indicate z-scores of ≤ -2, 0, and ≥ +2, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-classifiers-using-lung-protein-biomarkers-cxcl1-pxeif4iw.png Figure 5. Classifiers using lung protein biomarkers CXCL1, CXCL2, or MMP8 have the highest performance. Bar chart of 5-fold-cross validation AUC of 1023 different biomarker panels sorted in descending order. Y-axis denotes the AUC and each bar in the x-axis corresponds to a different panel. Yellow, green and teal bars indicate the classifiers that are using any one of the three biomarkers, any two of three biomarkers, and all three biomarkers respectively. Magenta bars indicate the classifiers that did not include CXCL1, CXCL2 or MMP8. Biomarker panels that did not include CXCL1, CXCL2, or MMP8 had lower AUC, shown by the red dashed line, at 0.92. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-flow-chart-of-sample-organization-and-datasets-the-1gxrd7zq.png Figure 4. Flow chart of sample organization and datasets. The top most five boxes denote the initial Mtb dose and the number of DO and C57BL/6J (if used) mice for each of the experiments. The succeeding five boxes report the number of mice in each disease class. We used the nSS and SS mice from Exp. 1, Exp. 2, Exp. 3 and Exp. 4 in the discovery phase and nSS and SS mice from Exp. 5 in the independent evaluation. The first number to the right of “n=” denotes the number of samples that do not have any missing values in CXCL5, CXCL2, CXCL1, IFN-γ, TNF, IL-12, IL-10, and the Lung Mtb burden measurements, and the second one within the paranthesis denotes the number of samples that do not have any missing lung biomarkers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mmp8-and-cxcl1-in-human-sera-from-patients-with-21p63ml9.png Figure 6. MMP8 and CXCL1 in human sera from patients with active pulmonary TB (ATB), latent Mtb infection (LTBI), and normal individuals. We tested serum from HIV-negative patients ATB (n= 66 and 67 for MMP8 and CXCL1 respectively), LTBI (n=48) and replicates from pooled normal (n=24) for MMP8 (A) and CXCL1 (B) by ELISA, and analyzed data by KruskalWallis one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons post-tests (*<0.05, ****p<0.0001). Dashed lines show the limit of detection (LOD): MMP8 LOD = 480.7pg/mL and CXCL1 LOD = 13.89 pg/mL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lung-biomarkers-and-morbidity-in-mtb-infected-mice-yohdwhbg.png Figure 3. Lung biomarkers and morbidity in Mtb-infected mice. We infected 8-10-week-old, female DO and C57BL/6J mice with ~25 Mtb bacilli by inhalation, and euthanized 8 weeks later or sooner if morbidity developed. All supersusceptible (SS) DO mice succumed within 8 weeks, while the rest showed no morbidity or mortality. We measured lung biomarkers using commercial sandwich ELISAs (A-K). At euthanasia, weight loss was calculated for each mouse as a percent compared to its maximum (L). All data were lognormal distributed and analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons post-tests (**p<0.01; ****p<0.0001). Each dot repsesents 1 mouse. Results shown are combined from 5 independent experimental infections. https://scispace.com/papers/tuberculosis-treatment-outcome-the-case-of-women-in-ethiopia-39b1ol2qz0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-trend-of-women-treatment-success-in-tigray-and-zigong-3eet8qvn.png Fig 1. Trend of women treatment success in Tigray and Zigong January 2007–December 2016 N = 2084 and N = 4047. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-trend-of-tuberculosis-death-in-the-past-ten-years-2s9usrim.png Fig 2. Trend of tuberculosis death in the past ten years (January 2007- December 2016) in women, Tigray N = 2084 and Zigong N = 4047. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multiple-logistic-regression-factors-affecting-mqv6418l.png Table 4. Multiple logistic regression factors affecting treatment outcome of women in Tigray and Zigong January 2007 December 2016 N = 2084 and N = 4047. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mlr-factors-associated-with-treatment-outcome-of-9zixnjam.png Table 3. MLR factors associated with treatment outcome of women in Tigray and Zigong January 2007 December 2016 N = 2084 and N = 4047. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-general-characteristic-of-women-treated-for-2pobgzz0.png Table 1. General characteristic of women treated for tuberculosis in Tigray and Zigong January 2007–December 2016[N = 5603 and N = 4527]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-women-clinical-factors-and-level-of-unsuccessful-2wak4pn3.png Table 2. Women clinical factors and level of unsuccessful treatment outcome in Tigray and Zigong from January 2007–December 2016[N = 2804 and N = 4047]. https://scispace.com/papers/tumor-isomir-encyclopedia-tie-a-pan-cancer-database-of-mirna-2jfrndqjcz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-the-tumor-isomir-encyclopedia-23qvf7ob.png Figure 1. Structure of the Tumor IsomiR Encyclopedia algorithm and outputs. (A) Schematic of the data structure and miRNA-seq datasets analyzed. (B) Algorithm used in TIE analysis and example of the mapping flow. (C) Features of TIE database and basic steps in isomiR analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-case-study-of-isomir-analysis-in-a-pan-cancer-srhekd8b.png Figure 2. Case study of isomiR analysis in a pan-cancer dataset. (A) Expression of miR-21-5p (CPM) in different cancer types and corresponding normal tissues. (B) Scatter plot of the percentage of non-canonical isomiRs of miR-21-5p in each sample within different cancer types and corresponding normal tissues (N). The black line indicates the median of the sample distribution. The snippet shows an example of the relative abundances of the canonical miR-21-5p (in red) and other dominant isoforms in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and corresponding normal solid tissue (LUSC-N). (C) Plot of the average relative 5p and 3p strand abundance for miR-30a in different cancer types. (D) Heatmap with the 5’ cleavage site of miR-30a-5p and miR-30a-3p. The canonical cleavage site is indicated as 0; other sites are indicated by the number of nucleotides downstream (-) or upstream (+). Abundance of isoforms starting at each position is indicted as a relative percentage. (E) Heatmap with the length distribution of all isoforms of miR-30a-5p and miR-30a-3p (relative percentage). https://scispace.com/papers/tumor-localization-in-tissue-microarrays-using-rotation-tedrymgihg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-features-extracted-from-each-superpixel-js2uevd2.png Table 1. Features extracted from each superpixel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tma-images-are-shown-on-the-left-alongside-manual-2iifrqap.png Fig. 4. TMA images are shown on the left alongside manual annotations. The third column shows tumor probabilities (3-level RISP, 200 codewords). The last column contains difference images where bright pixels are false positive and dark pixels are false negative errors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-distribution-of-distances-to-the-closest-boundary-for-24gz0brp.png Fig. 5. Distribution of distances to the closest boundary for pixels within disagreement regions. The black line shows the distribution of distances for all pixels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-tissue-microarray-spot-with-annotated-tumor-1q5l37xh.png Fig. 1. (a) A tissue microarray spot with annotated tumor regions. (b) An image patch (top) and a SLIC [2] superpixel image with each superpixel rendered as the average RGB value of the pixels contained in it (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-f1-measures-for-bos-s-bos-and-risp-l215h1sw.png Table 2. F1 measures for BoS, S-BoS and RISP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-precision-recall-curves-for-risp-bos-s-bos-superpixel-lzzd13fx.png Fig. 3. Precision-recall curves for RISP, BoS, S-BoS, superpixel features (SF), method as described in [8] (Gorelick) and the superpixel autocorrelogram (Corr) with 200 codewords. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-levels-0-1-and-2-of-risp-the-bow-representation-is-as-zeedw42a.png Fig. 2. Levels 0, 1 and 2 of RISP. The BoW representation is as level 0 after which partitions are applied iteratively according to p. In the above, p = 2. Therefore for each ring in level l, two more are created in l + 1. https://scispace.com/papers/tumor-segmentation-from-pet-ct-images-using-level-sets-28rkrshe82 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-level-set-segmentation-the-red-contours-represent-the-2330jvac.png Fig. 4. Level set segmentation. The red contours represent the potential tumorous areas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-seed-selection-220exced.png Fig. 3. Seed selection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-seed-detection-on-this-sample-340b6whi.png Fig. 2. Seed detection on this sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-patient-3-stack-sample-illustrating-a-lung-tumor-white-jdmrxant.png Fig. 1. Patient 3 stack sample illustrating a lung tumor. White matter is the lunge, in darker the muscular tissues, and in dark the heart in the middle and the tumor on the right lung. https://scispace.com/papers/tunable-all-optical-quasimonochromatic-thomson-x-ray-source-15su2fs5hu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-experimental-setup-0-8-mm-wavelength-28-1j0gcgme.png FIG. 1 (color). Experimental setup. 0.8 μm-wavelength, 28 fsduration pulses from the ATLAS-60 TW Ti:sapphire laser system at MPQ are split into a driver (1.2 J) and colliding beam (0.3 J). They are focused to 4.2 × 1019 W=cm2 (a0 ¼ 4.4) and 1.8 × 1018 W=cm2 (a0 ¼ 0.9), respectively. The driver accelerates electrons from a plasma (ne ¼ 5 × 1019 cm−3) in a laserionized supersonic He gas flow from a 300 μm conical de Laval nozzle. A razor blade creates a shock-front electron injector. The electron beam is analyzed on a scintillator screen behind a calibrated 1 T-dipole magnet spectrometer [30]. The colliding beam is focused 1.4 mm behind the electron injection point at a collision angle of 3.7°. X rays are detected on axis after 30-μm aluminum and 250 μm Kapton windows by either a scintillatorbased or a single-photon counting x-ray CCD camera. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-single-representative-x-ray-spectrum-multiplied-by-3-2u4oo6vw.png FIG. 4. Single representative x-ray spectrum (multiplied by 3), corresponding electron spectrum (inset), and x-ray spectrum calculated by SPECTRA 9.0 [42] for an interaction at a0 ¼ 0.75. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-spectral-peaks-positions-determined-by-a-tr5546t6.png FIG. 5 (color). Spectral peaks positions, determined by a Gaussian fit to the measured spectra, whose rms width defines the error bars. Each color stands for a different shock position, indicating the reproducibility of each setting. The blue line labeled a0 ¼ 0.83 is a quadratic best fit [according to Eq. (1)] to the measured x-ray scaling, while the one for a0 ¼ 0 serves as a comparison. The inset shows the measured electron and x-ray photon number/msr for each shot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-electron-left-and-corresponding-x-ray-photon-3nwmz091.png FIG. 3 (color). Electron (left) and corresponding x-ray photon spectra (right). Each horizontal trace is a single laser shot. Shown are the best 50% of shots by photon number in each run. Different horizontal sections correspond to different razor-blade positions and electron beam energy. X-ray spectra are corrected for filter and vacuum window transmission (see Fig. 1) and CCD sensitivity. Run-averaged spectra are shown in red, white lines show the expected x-ray spectrum for each averaged electron spectrum. The simulation was performed with SPECTRA 9.0 [42], assuming an equivalent undulator model with a Gaussian field envelope and a peak undulator parameter of K ¼ a0 ¼ 0.9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-images-of-the-x-ray-beam-from-the-31uqaldf.png FIG. 2. Images of the x-ray beam from the scintillatorintensified camera. Series (a), (b), and (c) show raw data at an electron energy of 30, 50, and 70 MeV, corresponding to x-ray photon energies of 15, 42, and 83 keV, respectively. The four top images show the CCD signal with the colliding beam on, the two lower images in each section were taken with a blocked colliding beam. The gain of the MCP was doubled for image (c) to compensate for the lower scintillator efficiency at this energy. Because of enhanced beaming, the brightness of series (a) and (b) seems to be equal in spite of an eightfold reduction in the scintillator efficiency at the higher energy in (b). https://scispace.com/papers/tunable-anisotropic-strain-in-laser-crystallized-silicon-365haea1qi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-cross-section-of-a-silicon-fiber-b-the-raman-2ekktu3p.png Fig. 1. (a) The cross-section of a silicon fiber. (b) The Raman spectra of 2 fibers exposed for 0.5 ms (red) and 500 ms (blue). (b) 2-D micro-focus X-Ray diffraction pattern from the core of a strained silicon optical fiber; inset is a close-up of the elongated Laue spot. https://scispace.com/papers/tunable-exchange-bias-like-effect-in-patterned-hard-soft-two-3dd7zcaj7b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-scheme-of-the-ndco5-discs-patterned-arrays-b-atomic-36nnmior.png FIG. 1. (a) Scheme of the NdCo5 discs patterned arrays. (b) Atomic force microscopy (AFM) profile of a disc and surrounding layer (image at inset). (c) In-plane hysteresis loops measured by transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect of the continuous NdCo5 control samples showing the Nb protected and etched layers. (d) Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) profiles of both, disc and surrounding etched layer (image at inset). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-kerr-microscopy-hysteresis-loops-and-domain-images-of-15h6g5yw.png FIG. 2. Kerr microscopy hysteresis loops and domain images of the sample with lattice parameter L¼ 7.5 lm after disc’s in-plane magnetization orientation parallel positive [(a), images (1–6)], perpendicular [(b), images (7–12)], and parallel negative [(c), images not shown] to E.A. (schemes at inset of hysteresis loops). (d) Stray field map at remanence along the E.A. (Hstray) obtained by micromagnetic calculations for an array of discs with L¼ 6 lm. Regions I and II correspond to inter-disc and linear areas in between the rows of discs, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/tunable-bet-hedging-in-yeast-responses-to-osmotic-stress-1mqpvung4m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-continuous-variation-in-survival-and-rates-of-h3uhu8kb.png Figure 2. Continuous variation in survival and rates of accumulation of GPD1::GFP fluorescence of postdiauxic cultures during severe hyperosmotic osmotic stress. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rate-of-change-in-osmotic-stress-signaling-with-batj1aew.png Figure 1. Rate of change in osmotic stress signaling with negative feedback predicts survival and robust recovery of exponential cultures in moderate hyperosmotic stress. A. Time course of mean accumulated GPD1::GFP fluorescence in exponential cultures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-modeling-a-heritable-probability-of-cautious-srups893.png Figure 3. Modeling a heritable probability of cautious behavior (bet hedgers) produces observed variation in relative fitness and survival. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-negative-feedback-between-rates-of-change-in-mean-2h83us9u.png Table 2. Negative feedback between rates of change in mean GPD1::GFP accumulation and viability among strains. Correlations confirm causality between rates of change in GPD1::GFP accumulation and viability within (upper 3 rows) and between 2 hour time intervals (below). Changes occurring in earlier intervals are listed first. To control for potential deviations from normality, both parametric (Pearson’s) and non-parametric (Spearman’s) pairwise correlations are shown. As in Figure 1 all 50 strains were tested at 0, 2, and 4 hours and 18 strains were tested at 6 hours (mean values represent a minimum of 3 replicates per strain). Significant comparisons are in bold (JMP statistical software, SAS Institute; Cary, NC). https://scispace.com/papers/tunable-fermi-surface-topology-and-lifshitz-transition-in-1socvdqj63 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-conductance-map-at-6-t-measured-as-a-function-of-1yfjq81v.png Figure 10: (a) Conductance map at 6 T measured as a function of the voltages applied to the backgate, VBG, and the one applied to the top-gate, VTG. (b) Measured normalized transconductance map: a number of lines are revealed at the transition between quantum Hall plateaus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-low-energy-band-structures-for-strained-bilayer-8a345bza.png Figure 4: The low-energy band structures for strained bilayer graphene. For the band structures shown in the horizontal row, the corresponding Landau level fans are shown underneath. Densities of states calculated for the electronic spectra displayed in the vertical column in the center are shown in the bottom right. Each electronic spectrum is assigned a label colored according to the characteristic topology of the spectrum. The extent of the parametric regimes of complex w, see Eq. (3), distinguishing between three characteristic topologies of the strained bilayer graphene spectrum is displayed using those colors in the bottom left. In this graph, red dots show the points in the parametric space corresponding to the spectra presented in this figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-the-landau-level-spectra-calculated-2in2fdet.png Figure 2: Comparison of the Landau level spectra calculated for gapless bilayer graphene without taking into account the γ3 coupling (solid red lines) and with γ3 included (solid black lines). For the latter case, we assumed v3/v = 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-sketch-of-the-device-a-contacted-bilayer-graphene-13atrova.png Figure 8: (a) Sketch of the device. A contacted bilayer graphene flake is sandwiched between two h-BN flakes. The whole device can be tuned using the Si backgate and the central region can also be independently controlled using the central top-gate. Combining the actions of the top- and backgate, a band gap is open in the central region. (b) Optical Microscope image of the real device. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-density-of-state-calculated-for-the-case-with-2qfggbq6.png Figure 6: Density of state calculated for the case with trigonal warping included (red curve) and without (γ3 = 0, black dashed curve). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-band-structure-obtained-while-applying-an-25q7zh3j.png Figure 7: (a) Band structure obtained while applying an interlayer asymmetry u = 100 meV on a bilayer graphene and taking into account γ3: close to the gap, the trigonal distortion is still visible. (b) Zooming at the top of the valence band, one can clearly observe that there are three outer maxima and a minimum in the center. The energy between them is around 3 meV for u = 100 meV. (c) Taking constant energy cuts in (b), one can observe that, again, as a function of energy, the Fermi contour gets broken, this time into three pockets: this illustrates the Lifshitz transition in a gapped bilayer graphene system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-conductance-map-measured-as-a-function-of-the-1a1ej14z.png Figure 9: Conductance map measured as a function of the voltages applied to the backgate, VBG, and the one applied to the top-gate, VBG. The star shows the displacement field value D = −0.9 V/nm, which is commented on in the main text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-12-a-schematic-of-bilayer-graphene-with-interlayer-2qelrmzz.png Figure B.12: (a) Schematic of bilayer graphene with interlayer spacing d, in external displacement field D leading to the rearrangement of the densities n1 and n2 on the bottom and top layer, respectively. This rearrangement screens the external field. (b) Interlayer asymmetry calculated as a function of D. https://scispace.com/papers/tunable-high-power-narrow-spectrum-external-cavity-diode-cqquadyc2k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-of-the-external-cavity-tapered-1zlco4k8.png Fig. 1. Experimental setup of the external-cavity tapered diode laser system for SHG. BS, beam splitter; OI, optical isolator. Units are in millimeters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-main-parameters-for-diode-laser-38wsk8kb.png Table 1. Summary of the Main Parameters for Diode Laser Systems A and B and Laser System in Ref. [15] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-optical-spectrum-of-the-output-beam-from-tapered-diode-i452r721.png Fig. 5. Optical spectrum of the output beam from tapered diode laser system B with the output power of 930mW. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-second-harmonic-power-as-a-function-of-3e9ohtk7.png Fig. 6. (Color online) Second harmonic power as a function of fundamental power. The squares aremeasured data, and the curve is a quadratic fit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-beam-width-of-the-output-beam-for-the-1d7m4c26.png Fig. 4. (Color online) Beam width of the output beam for the slow axis from (a) tapered diode laser systemAwith the output power of 385mW (circles and dotted curve) and 1000mW (squares and solid curve), and (b) tapered diode laser system B with output power of 390mW (circles and dotted curve) and 930mW (squares and solid curve). The curves represent hyperbola fits to the measured data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-tuning-curves-of-the-tapered-diode-laser-91mesxv5.png Fig. 3. (Color online) Tuning curves of the tapered diode laser system A (squares) at an operating current of 2:0A and system B (circles) at an operating current of 1:8A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-power-current-characteristics-for-tapered-255bd7xd.png Fig. 2. (Color online) Power-current characteristics for tapered diode laser systems A (squares) and B (circles). https://scispace.com/papers/tunable-focus-flat-liquid-crystal-spherical-lens-2uj94lxwev 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ccd-images-of-the-measured-he-ne-laser-beam-intensity-2nfxj8sv.png FIG. 3. CCD images of the measured He–Ne laser beam intensity profile at V50, 23, and 35Vrms, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-interferograms-of-the-circular-lc-lens-at-two-xj296cut.png FIG. 2. Interferograms of the circular LC lens at two different operating voltages:~a! V50, ~b! V525Vrms. The lens apertureD56 mm. The polarizers are crossed. The rubbing direction of the cell is oriented at 45° with respect to the fast axis of the linear polarizer. LC used is UCF-2 and cell gap d540 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-procedures-for-fabricating-the-spherical-lc-lens-a-11dwjll6.png FIG. 1. Procedures for fabricating the spherical LC lens:~a! deposit ITO on a concave glass lens,~b! fill the sag area with polymer, and~c! assemble the LC lens cell with another flat glass substrate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-imaging-behavior-of-the-lc-lens-at-a-v50-and-b-3iao70y9.png FIG. 4. Imaging behavior of the LC lens at~a! V50 and~b! V530Vrms. FIG. 5. Voltage-dependent focal length of the LC lens. Lens apertureD56 mm, LC: UCF-2, cell gapd540 mm andl5633 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/tunable-lasing-in-doped-liquid-crystals-with-one-dimensional-4v23xsn9xv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-transmission-spectra-of-flc-as-a-function-of-1t82knsg.png Figure 4: Transmission spectra of FLC as a function of applied voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-optical-responses-to-the-rectangular-voltage-at-457-1gom4ywe.png Figure 5: Optical responses to the rectangular voltage at 457.9 nm (a) and 488 nm (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cell-configurations-for-the-laser-action-a-2l08qzk5.png Figure 6: Cell configurations for the laser action; (a) homeotropically aligned cell, (b) planarly aligned cell for waveguide lasing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-emission-spectra-of-1-d-pc-with-the-dyedoped-nlc-2wdm18ws.png Figure 14: Emission spectra of 1-D PC with the dyedoped NLC defect as a function of applied voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-transmission-spectra-of-1-d-pc-with-a-lc-defect-as-3i1ectr4.png Figure 13: Transmission spectra of 1-D PC with a LC defect as a function of applied voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-a-voltage-dependence-of-the-defect-mode-lasing-2ac9j0zv.png Figure 15: (a) Voltage dependence of the defect-mode lasing wavelength in the 1-D PC with dye-doped NLC defect. (b) Photoluminescence spectrum of the dye-doped NLC without 1-D PC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-voltage-dependences-of-emission-intensity-and-fwhm-3rvg9cmk.png Figure 8: Voltage dependences of emission intensity and FWHM of out-of plane lasing of dye-doped CLC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-emission-spectra-of-a-waveguide-cell-of-dye-doped-3dmaq2ye.png Figure 7: Emission spectra of a waveguide cell of dye-doped FLC at high excitation energy as a function of applied voltage. https://scispace.com/papers/tunable-magnetism-in-nanoporous-cuni-alloys-by-reversible-56pfjiwtig 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-low-magnification-and-b-high-magnification-sem-3mi2clz5.png Figure 1: a) Low-magnification and b) high-magnification SEM images of the top surface of a nanoporous Cu20Ni80 film. c) STEM and d) TEM images of the cross-section of the same film. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-detail-of-the-synchrotron-grazing-incidence-xrd-1ow340hf.png Figure 4: Detail of the Synchrotron grazing incidence XRD peaks corresponding to the CuNi (220) and Au (311) of an as-prepared sample, a sample subjected to +0.8 V (oxidized) and a sample subjected to –2V (reduced). The normalization of the intensity has been done by dividing the chosen 2θ window by the intensity of the (311) Au peak. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-deconvoluted-xps-spectra-for-the-pristine-0-v-431wtb6c.png Figure 5: Deconvoluted XPS spectra for the pristine (0 V), oxidized (+0.8 V) and reduced state (–2 V) for Cu [panels a), b) and c)] and Ni [panels d), e) and f)]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-moke-hysteresis-loops-taken-under-the-application-n9mhgrhc.png Figure 3: a) MOKE hysteresis loops taken under the application of increasing positive voltages, up to V = 0.8 V. b) MOKE hysteresis loops for applied voltages larger than 0.8 V. c) MOKE hysteresis loops corresponding to the pristine (0V), oxidized (+0.8 V) and reduced (- 2V) states. d) Dependence of the Kerr signal change (in %) on the applied voltage. Note that, for all hysteresis loops, the Kerr signal was normalized by the signal measured in absence of magnetic field, so that the differences are indeed representative of variations in the magnetic moment, not simply due to the changes in the optical reflection. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-area-in-for-each-metallic-element-or-2vxhxbyd.png Table 1: Summary of the area (in %) for each metallic element or compound calculated from the deconvoluted XPS spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-synchrotron-grazing-incidence-xrd-patterns-1bmgx3gg.png Figure 2: Synchrotron grazing incidence XRD patterns corresponding to the nanoporous Cu20Ni80 film. https://scispace.com/papers/tunable-hydrogen-storage-in-magnesium-transition-metal-43hxcood0n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-bader-charge-analysis-of-tmh2-mg0-75tm0-25h2-all-1xxi8oa6.png TABLE II. Bader charge analysis of TMH2 Mg0.75TM0.25H2. All charges Q are given in units of e. and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-densities-of-states-of-mgh2-and-tmh2-left-1dd5v35z.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Densities of states of MgH2 and TMH2 (left column), and of Mg0.75TM0.25H2 (right column) for TM=Sc, Ti, V, and Cr. For CrH2 the nonmagnetic DOS is given for simplic ity reasons; CrH2 is antiferromagnetic (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-optimized-cell-parameters-a-c-and-calculated-for-1xerbqox.png TABLE I. Optimized cell parameters a (c) and calculated for mation enthalpies Ef of elemental dihydrides in their most stable (a) forms. All TMH2 have a fluorite structure, with space-group Fm3m (225), whereas MgH2 has a rutile structure, with space group P42/mnm (136). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-volumes-per-formula-unit-in-a-3-of-3ucf520a.png FIG. 2. (Color online) The volumes per formula unit in A 3 of MgxTM(1-x)H2 in the fluorite structure, as a function of the compo sition x for TM = Sc, Ti, V, and Cr (from top to bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-formation-enthalpy-per-formula-unit-3popah3p.png FIG. 3. (Color online) The formation enthalpy (per formula unit) of the MgxTM(1-x)H2 compounds as obtained from spin-polarized calculations. The values for the fluorite and rutile structures are represented by squares (solid lines) and triangles (dashed lines), respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/tunable-microwave-component-technologies-for-satcom-32oybubf4v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-technologies-for-tunable-microwave-components-1ug8jcfd.png Table 1: Technologies for tunable microwave components. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-dielectric-sub-wavelength-fiber-waveguide-17fhurck.png Figure 11: Dielectric sub-wavelength fiber waveguide partially filled with LC (left) in idealized perpendicular and (right) parallel state and the E11y . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-schematic-of-a-one-dimensional-phased-array-1mdy2bpf.png Figure 12: Schematic of a one dimensional phased array antenna. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-layout-of-a-bst-thick-film-based-filter-for-if-lgfm5c38.png Figure 23: Layout of a BST thick film based filter for IF band applications. The blue shaded areas denote the SMD inductors, the red shaded areas denote all the tunable BST-based varactors while the green areas mark the 1MΩ RF block resistors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-simulation-results-of-the-bst-thick-film-based-if-1gcj7l3y.png Figure 24: Simulation results of the BST thick film based IF filter. (Top) tuning of the center frequency (bottom) tuning of the bandwidth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-measurement-results-of-the-bst-thick-film-based-if-1mcxwhcu.png Figure 25: Measurement results of the BST thick film based IF filter for tuning of the center frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-different-application-scenarios-for-beam-steering-3396ujto.png Figure 1: Different application scenarios for beam-steering and -forming antennas on a satellite platform. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-block-diagram-of-an-adaptive-transceiver-consisting-1irxyh03.png Figure 2: Block diagram of an adaptive transceiver, consisting of a reconfigurable digital base band processor and several tunable components (highlighted in gray). https://scispace.com/papers/tunable-non-hermitian-acoustic-filter-kxh9zjdev9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-schematic-of-realistic-model-where-we-assume-large-1bkwaq8l.png FIG. 3. (a) Schematic of realistic model where we assume large cuboids in the non-Hermitian (lossy) sublattice have the same bulk modulus as the first sublattice. We devise square holes with sides (s = 4.6 cm) in large cuboids to induce loss in the non-Hermitian sublattice. (b) Comparison of reflection amplitude from the realistic model (structure with embedded holes, red curve) and effective model with a = 0.2 (blue curve). We observe that, over most frequency ranges, the realistic model and effective model match each other. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-reflection-of-superlattice-in-fig-1-for-a-0-blue-curve-2w8ah5iy.png FIG. 2. Reflection of superlattice in Fig. 1 for a = 0 (blue curve) and a = 0.2 (red curve). For several frequencies in different frequency windows, we observe a large contrast in the reflection when we increase the value of a. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-of-the-superlattice-made-of-two-26zggrgf.png FIG. 1. (a) Schematic of the superlattice made of two sublattices and operating as a tunable acoustic filter. (b) Band structure of the first sublattice. (c) Band structure of the second sublattice with a = 0 and (d) band structure of the second sublattice with a = 0.2. Superlattice is composed of two sublattices. We observe that the difference between the band structures in (c),(d) is not considerable. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-realization-of-the-tunable-acoustic-116k0xji.png FIG. 4. Experimental realization of the tunable acoustic filter. (a) Reflection amplitude for a system with loss embedded in the system. In the experiment (blue solid curve), absorption is induced via holes that are covered by absorbing materials, while in the simulation (red dotted curve) we use the effective model with loss parameter a = 0.2. (b) Reflection amplitude for a system without loss, namely, no hole in the cuboids. We observe that, in the band gap, two dips appear when loss is induced in the system. https://scispace.com/papers/tunable-van-hove-singularities-and-correlated-states-in-3zflolafb2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-evolution-of-ttlg-band-structures-with-the-twist-angle-3hvwf7hy.png Fig. 1: Evolution of tTLG band structures with the twist angle. (a)Illustration of moiré pattern of stacked mono-bilayer graphene with a relative twist angle θ. λ is the wavelength of moiré pattern. (b) Schematic of sample structure and measurement configuration. (c-g) ρxx(n, D) measured at T=1.6 K and B=0 T of samples with twist angle θ ≈1.22 o (c), 1.26 o (d), 1.41 o (e), 1.47 o (f), 1.6 o (g). The correlated states under D>0 remain almost at the same D range for all samples, while the correlated states under D<0 move to larger D when the twist angle increases, and move out of experimentally reachable D in (f) and (g). Black dashed boxes indicate the two correlated regions. (h) Calculated band structure of tTLG with θ ≈1.22 o with U=0 (left) and 70 meV https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-correlated-states-and-transport-properties-of-sample-3j3e3x90.png Fig. 3: Correlated states and transport properties of sample S2 with twist angle 1.22 o . (a) ρxx(n,D) at B=0 T and T=1.6 K. Charge density n is normalised to full-filling doping n0 = 3.43 x 10 12 cm -2 . Correlated states with different manifestations emerge on both positive and negative D. (b-c) ρxx(B=0 T, blue) and ρxy (B=2 T,red) as a function of charge density at D=0.5 (b) and -0.5 V/nm (c). Red dashed line indicates ρxy=0. (d) Temperature dependence of ρxx(n) at D=-0.5 V/nm. (e) Thermal activation gaps at full-fillings n/n0=-1 (blue circles), +1 (red circles) and half-filing (cyan circles). Solid lines are calculated band gaps at CNP (grey), n/n0=-1 (blue) and +1 (red). (f) Map of bandgaps and bandwidth as a function of band filling and potential energy difference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-signatures-of-superconductivity-in-ttlg-near-electron-1djqkdpd.png Fig 4: Signatures of superconductivity in tTLG near electron quarter filling correlated state. (a) Zoom-in of Fig. 3a between CNP and electron full filling. Black circle shows the region where superconductivity is observed. (b) Resistivity versus temperature under D=0.38 V/nm. The insulating response at half filling (red) onsets ≈12K, and the resistivity near superconducting regime decreases sharply from ≈2.5 kΩ to ≈ 400 Ω at 0.3 K (black). (c) Response of dV/dI at superconducting state D=0.38 V/nm, n/n0=0.15 as a function of DC current Ib at 9.3 K (red), 1.2 K (pink) and 0.3 K (blue). (d) dV/dI at superconducting state (D=0.38 V/nm, n/n0=0.15) as a function of perpendicular B field from 0 T to 3 T, increasing by a step of 0.5 T. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tunable-band-structure-and-transport-properties-of-302krc6l.png Fig. 2: Tunable band structure and transport properties of sample S1 with twist angle 1.47 o . (a) ρxx(n,D) map of S1 measured at B=0 T and T=1.6 K. Charge density n is normalised to full-filling doping n0 = 5 x 10 12 cm -2 . (b) ρxy(n,D) at 𝐵⊥=2 T and T=1.6 K. (c) ρxx (B=0 T, blue) and ρxy (B=2 T, red) as a function of charge density at D=0 (top panel), 0.3 (middle panel) and 0.6 V/nm (bottom panel). Red dashed line indicates ρxy=0. (d-e) Calculated DOS maps for twist angle 1.47 o (d) and 1.22 o (e) as a function of band filling and displacement field. https://scispace.com/papers/tunable-valley-hall-effect-in-gate-defined-graphene-2jg3nhrhsa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-b-line-cuts-of-the-unfolded-spectral-weight-gray-3ntzuemq.png FIG. 4. (a), (b) Line cuts of the unfolded spectral weight (gray surface) close to the NBZ K point for different values of the constant superlattice potential V (ri ) = 1 eV, 2 eV. The result at the K ′ point along this same cut in k space can be found by reflection around the central point Kτ , and thus has similar structure. (c), (d) Corresponding line cuts of the unfolded occupied Berry curvature in the K (blue) and K ′ (red) valley with the Fermi energy fixed in the gap at each potential. (e) Unfolded Berry curvature in the NBZ demonstrating equal peaks of opposing signs, indicating the presence of transverse valley currents. The dotted line indicates the cut in k space shown above. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-valley-hall-conductivity-as-a-function-of-filling-full-10chjomb.png FIG. 5. Valley Hall conductivity as a function of filling (full lines) for varying values of the superlattice potential V , shown alongside the density of states (dotted lines). Berry curvature accumulated near the band edges causes a saturation of the valley Hall conductivity as the gap is approached, and for small V the quantized 2e2/h value of the massive Dirac model is approached. The inset shows the plateau value in the gap as the superlattice potential is tuned. The valley Hall conductivity decays for larger superlattice potentials, as the supercell bands flatten and the unfolded valley structure is lost. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-valley-hall-angle-full-lines-and-expected-nonlocal-1hdma06s.png FIG. 6. Valley Hall angle (full lines) and expected nonlocal resistance signal (dashed lines) close to the band edge for two values of the superlattice potential V = 1 eV, 3 eV. The band gap is indicated by the vertical dashed lines. The valley Hall angle is only finite close to the band edge where σxy ∼ σxx , and approaches π/2 in the gap. The predicted nonlocal resistance close to the band edges is obtained using the expression of Ref. [25]. The peaks in the ratio RNL/ρxx occur exactly at the θv = π/4 point, i.e., when the valley Hall and longitudinal conductivities are equal, σ vxy = σxx . These peaks in the nonlocal response shift as the superlattice potential is tuned. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-valley-hall-conductivity-as-a-function-of-filling-for-1shjpaae.png FIG. 7. Valley Hall conductivity as a function of filling for different values of the superlattice potential for a smoothly varying potential (u = 0.2), the profile of which is displayed in the inset. The results are similar to the flat-potential case, with some additional structure in the peak structure due to the lifting of degeneracies of bands near the band edge. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-spatial-variation-of-the-superlattice-potential-l-r-u-83u5rhg3.png FIG. 11. Spatial variation of the superlattice potential ([L,R, u] = [4, 4, 0.2]), shown as (a) a color gradient, (b) a contour plot. (c) The equivalent line cuts indicated by the black dotted lines in (b) for different values of the smoothness parameter u = [0.01, 0.2, 1], which interpolates between the extreme cases of flat and linearly decreasing potentials. (d) Variation of the induced band gap (full lines) and shift (dashed lines) with the smoothness parameter u for the (L,R) = (4, 4) geometry outlined above. There is only a small decay in the gap magnitude. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-extended-view-of-the-band-structure-en-k-showing-2f5h68kt.png FIG. 10. (a) Extended view of the band structure EN (k) showing the gap and miniband formation of the supercell. The symmetry points are those of the SBZ. (b) Corresponding density of states, demonstrating the shifted band gap. (c), (d) LDOS, plotted using the radii of black (white) disks to indicate the value at A (B) sites, sampled just above and below the gap at ω = 0.1, 0.29 eV [dashed lines in (a)]. The superlattice potential breaks inversion symmetry and causes a splitting of the A/B weight at these sites. (e) Local gap magnitude at each site in the supercell as derived from the local density of states (variations enhanced ×5), showing a small variation at the potential edge. (f) Corresponding shift in the center of this local gap (variations enhanced ×5), showing a small difference between A/B sites in the supercell. All plots are for a representative configuration of (L = 4, R = 3, V = 2 eV). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-superlattice-system-considered-in-this-work-a-1xkwlcu3.png FIG. 1. (a) The superlattice system considered in this work: a graphene sheet (empty and filled circles) gated through a patterned dielectric with triangular zigzag-edged holes yielding an effective superlattice potential (red-to-black gradient). The supercell is marked by the dashed lines (left), alongside the normal (graphene) unit cell (right). The lack of inversion center and the sublattice asymmetric structure of the gated regions induce the valley Hall effect under in-plane electric field. The geometry is characterized by the supercell hexagon side length L and the triangle side length R. (b) The corresponding supercell (SBZ) and normal (NBZ) Brillouin zone. The SBZ is shown enlarged four times for clarity. (c) Sketch of the considered graphene/nanostructured-dielectric/gate structure. Here we show nanopatterned hBN with the naturally occurring triangular zigzag edges holes nucleated on boron sites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-variation-of-the-valley-hall-conductivity-with-respect-2gqpmi5g.png FIG. 8. Variation of the valley Hall conductivity with respect to irregularities in the edge profile of the superlattice potential, corresponding to irregularities in the dielectric etching. The regular limit for a smoothly varying potential (V = 2 eV, u = 0.2) is shown in the full black line, alongside the same calculation with random edge profiles at the superlattice potential boundary (gray lines). The average of all such configurations is shown in the red dotted line. The finite valley Hall conductivity does not require a perfectly symmetrical induced potential, and is thus a general prediction in these superlattices. https://scispace.com/papers/tungsten-bronze-barium-neodymium-titanate-ba6-3nnd8-zvgvxenns3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-010-projection-of-the-structure-of-ba4-5nd9ti18o54-xovhuisb.png Figure 1. [010] projection of the structure of Ba4.5Nd9Ti18O54 showing pentagonal channels and three types of tetragonal channels. The X and Z directions correspond to the a and c lattice parameters. Only the cation (Ba, Nd and Ti) positions are shown for clarity whereas the O positions are omitted. The pentagonal and tetragonal channels are shown with dashed lines. Five different Nd lattice sites are shown, Nd[1] and Nd[5] are assigned as column type 1, Nd[3] and Nd[4] as column type 3, and Nd[2] as column type 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-site-occupancies-for-the-different-compositions-32isydvx.png Table 6. Site occupancies for the different compositions studied in this work. (Uncertainties in brackets). Lattice parameter from Tang et al.26 (a=22.3479Å, b=7.6955Å, c=12.2021Å). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-rietveld-refinement-for-composition-n-0-3-the-fdea44ra.png Figure 5. The Rietveld refinement for composition n=0.3. The blue line is the experimental data, the red line is the calculated profile and the grey line represents the difference between them; (a) full spectrum, (b), and (c) are expanded regions, showing an excellent fit. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-refined-positional-occupancy-number-of-position-in-3dtbbt08.png Table 3. Refined positional, occupancy, number of position in the unit cell (Np), and isotropic thermal parameters for composition n=0.3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-plots-of-the-fraction-of-ba-on-nd-columns-for-1szqxoc8.png Figure 10. Plots of the fraction of Ba on Nd columns for different samples. The error bars represent one standard deviation and represent the random variation found within the area sampled in each case: a) the dependence of Ba partitioning to the 3 column types as a function of composition, n, in the formula, Ba6-3nNd8+2nTi18O54; b) the dependence of Ba partitioning on cooling rate for the n=0 sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-composite-rgb-colour-map-of-the-elemental-1sir53kx.png Figure 11. A composite RGB colour map of the elemental distribution at one grain boundary in the n=0 sample cooled at 1°C/hr. Red represents Ba, green Nd, and blue Ti. Note that the boundary contains a region with no green, and is thus deficient in Nd and consequently consists of a barium titanium oxide of some form. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-lattice-parameters-of-ba6-3nnd8-2nti18o54-solid-8oct3ng4.png Figure 4. a) Lattice parameters of Ba6-3nNd8+2nTi18O54 solid solution as a function of n obtained from I11data. The lattice parameters decrease in all three lattice direction with increasing n. b) Unit cell volume as a function of composition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-the-refined-average-ba-and-nd-lo08lwq7.png Figure 7. Comparison of the refined average Ba and Nd positions in samples with a range of compositions from n=0 to n=0.5, error bars are 3σ for clarity; b) Comparison of average unit cells from two different n=0 samples cooled at two different rates, error bars are 3σ, as before. https://scispace.com/papers/tundra-photosynthesis-captured-by-satellite-observed-solar-280f9ncn6h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-series-2012-2014-of-mean-eddy-covariance-nee-3flo0cbg.png Figure 2. Time series (2012–2014) of mean eddy covariance NEE, EVI-based NEE, and SIF-based NEE at the (a) Bonanza Creek thermokarst bog and (b) Imnavait wet sedge sites, described in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spatially-averaged-alaskan-tundra-nee-simulated-3oxe6qzy.png Figure 3. Spatially averaged Alaskan tundra NEE simulated using MODIS EVI and GOME-2 SIF, and CARVE-optimized NEE across Alaskan tundra in (a) 2012, (b) 2013, and (c) 2014. In all plots, the time series of mean CARVE-optimized NEE from 273 column profiles is indicated with a solid black line, interpolated NEE is indicated with a dotted line, and the standard deviation of the additive flux from CARVE column profiles is indicated in grey. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameter-values-for-all-models-modis-evi-gome-2-sif-4slud5dt.png Table 2. Parameter Values for All Models (MODIS EVI, GOME-2 SIF, and OCO-2 SIF)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-eddy-covariance-site-descriptions-2v0vrlcj.png Table 1. Eddy Covariance Site Descriptions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spatially-averaged-2014-seasonal-cycle-of-modis-evi-34wkklxn.png Figure 1. Spatially averaged 2014 seasonal cycle of MODIS EVI, OCO-2 SIF/cos(solar zenith angle, SZA), and GOME-2 SIF/cos(SZA) across Alaskan tundra. https://scispace.com/papers/tungsten-molybdenum-oxide-nanowires-reduced-graphene-oxide-3mw24vhvfe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-e-xrd-pattern-of-as-synthesized-w-mo-o-nanowires-and-w-2v268nwc.png Fig. 4 e XRD pattern of as synthesized W-Mo-O nanowires and W-Mo-O/rGO nanocomposite (A), Raman spectrum of graphene oxide and W-Mo-O/rGO nanocomposite (B). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-e-xps-spectra-of-w-mo-o-rgo-nanocomposite-mo-3d-o-1wfip3yq.png Fig. 5 e XPS spectra of W-Mo-O/rGO nanocomposite: Mo 3d o https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-e-accelerated-durability-test-adts-of-her-performance-1osoakre.png Fig. 8 e Accelerated durability test (ADTs) of HER performance for W-Mo-O/rGO composites up to 2000 cycles, inset: ADTs of commercial (20 wt %) Pt/C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-e-lsv-curves-in-0-1-m-hclo4-for-w-mo-o-nanowires-and-w-1jwcx74a.png Fig. 6 e LSV curves in 0.1 M HClO4 for W-Mo-O nanowires and W-Mo-O/rGO nanocomposite and commercial (20 wt %) Pt/C (A), Tafel plots of W-Mo-O nanowires and W-Mo-O/rGO nanocomposite and commercial Pt/C (B). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-e-nyquist-plots-of-electrochemical-impedance-3c6fzx7s.png Fig. 7 e Nyquist plots of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for W-Mo-O nanowires and W-Mo-O/ rGO composites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-e-schematic-representation-for-the-syn-22py03fv.png Fig. 1 e Schematic representation for the syn https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-e-tem-image-of-w-mo-o-rgo-nanocomposite-a-hrtem-image-1uph9p56.png Fig. 3 e TEM image of W-Mo-O/rGO nanocomposite (A), HRTEM image W-Mo-O/rGO nanocomposite (B), HAADF-STEM element mappings of W-Mo-O nanowires (CeF). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-e-sem-images-of-w-mo-o-nanowires-a-and-w-mo-o-rgo-1kegrize.png Fig. 2 e SEM images of W-Mo-O nanowires (A) and W-Mo-O/rGO nanocomposite (B), TEM images of W-Mo-O nanowires (C) and W-Mo-O/rGO nanocomposite (D). https://scispace.com/papers/tuning-hydrogel-properties-for-applications-in-tissue-sy1k0v4jwq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-schematic-of-predicted-morphology-of-cells-30fh1oyc.png Fig. 3. (A) Schematic of predicted morphology of cells encapsulated in radical and addition crosslinked AHA gels, respectively. (B) Images of encapsulated cells (stained with calcein) in AHA hydrogels formed using radical and addition crosslinking, respectively. (C) Histogram of the cellular aspect ratio (longest to shortest dimension of encapsulated cells) for these same groups. All cultures were for five days. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-degradation-of-meha-melaha-and-meclha-homopolymer-35y1ar3w.png Fig. 2. (A) Degradation of MeHA, MeLAHA, and MeCLHA homopolymer hydrogels in PBS at 37°C over 21 days. (B) Immunohistochemical staining of chondroitin sulfate for 2 wt% MeHA, 1 wt% MeHA: 1 wt% MeLAHA, and 1 wt% MeHA: 1wt% MeCLHA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chemical-structures-of-meha-melaha-meclha-and-aha-each-21xl1tek.png Fig. 1. Chemical structures of MeHA, MeLAHA, MeCLHA, and AHA. Each macromer forms distinct hydrogels with degradation based on the macromer chemistry. Copolymerization of the macromers leads to a wide variety of properties. https://scispace.com/papers/tuning-crystallographic-compatibility-to-enhance-shape-5e40e0tqy3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-transformation-temperatures-in-the-system-y0-5ta0-1ggy2n10.png FIG. 1. (a) Transformation temperatures in the system (Y0.5Ta0.5O2)1−x-(Zr0.5Hf0.5O2)x for 0.6 < x < 0.85 between monoclinic and tetragonal phase (As), as well as the temperatures for the reverse transformation (Ms) with trend lines for different doping concentrations. The thermal hysteresis T = 0.5|(Af + As ) − (Ms + Mf )| is shown in blue with a minimum value of approximately 120 K at x ≈ 0.73. Mechanical experiments were conducted on high-hysteresis samples (x = 0.6) and low-hysteresis samples (x = 0.735). (b) |λ2 − 1|, which describes the distance from the optimal value of λ2 = 1 for the two mechanisms which satisfy this condition the closest in the system (Y0.5Ta0.5O2)1−x-(Zr0.5Hf0.5O2)x for 0.6 < x < 0.85. The lines indicate the trend of the case with higher values. The crossing of those lines is close to the concentration that shows the lowest thermal hysteresis for its transformation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-schematic-representation-of-the-compression-heating-2yxrirsy.png FIG. 4. (a) Schematic representation of the compression-heating cycle. The original shape of the particle is traced in white and overlaid on all three images, along with outlines of a selected face after compression (red) and after heating (blue). Images of a low-hysteresis particle (b) before compression, (c) after compression, and (d) after heating to 850 ◦C and cooling to room temperature showing almost complete shape recovery. (e–g) Same process for a high-hysteresis particle showing that there is less recovery postheating. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-stress-strain-response-of-900-nm-diam-martensite-2gbdlrrc.png FIG. 3. (a) Stress-strain response of 900-nm-diam martensite pillars milled from low- and high-hysteresis samples, both with variant orientations that favor the (100)[001̄] twin system (inset plot shows the loading direction inverted pole figure for each pillar). Preand postcompression scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the pillars tested (a) carved out from a grain within the (b) highhysteresis and the (c) low-hysteresis phase. The boundaries between sheared variants are signified by the yellow arrows. (d) Theoretical prediction of the microstructure given by the Schmid law in the low-hysteresis case shows good agreement (5.9% strain) with (c). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-three-possible-transformation-mechanisms-for-1uwf9nly.png TABLE I. Three possible transformation mechanisms for tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation in the (Y,Ta)O2-(Zr,Hf)O2 system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-tem-image-of-a-martensite-grain-from-a-low-3mkr987p.png FIG. 2. (a) TEM image of a martensite grain from a low-hysteresis sample that reveals its complicated twinning microstructure with laminates as thin as 40 nm. (b) A close-up BF image with an indexed diffraction pattern that reveals mirror planes of mainly (100), (010), and (110) type, and two-fold axes along the diffracting zone axis [001]. (c) High-resolution image of a coherent twin boundary intersected by a dislocation, indicated by the small arrow. (d–f) TEM images of a high-hysteresis sample that reveal similar microstructure and twin systems but populated with multiple defects within individual variants and at twin boundaries. https://scispace.com/papers/tuning-intraband-and-interband-transition-rates-via-4jc5bc9a8f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-size-and-quantum-number-dependence-of-dipole-allowed-2y9ho2gh.png Table 1: Size and quantum number dependence of dipole allowed transition matrix elements in cuboidal nanostructures with N weakly confined directions of length L. The matrix element depends on the strength of exciton correlation in the initial and final states, as indicated in the first column. Weakly and not correlated (IP) states, including the vacuum state, result in identical entries. q = ni/(n 2 f − n2i ), µ = (aiB afB)1/2/(aiB + afB), kf = nfπ/L. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-size-dependence-of-transition-matrix-elements-atp7nio2.png Table 2: Size dependence of transition matrix elements, density of states (DOS) and TPA rate (WTPA) in cuboidal nanostructures with N weakly confined directions of length L, for different TPA paths, see Fig. 3 (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-linear-absorption-of-an-exemplary-4-5ml-cdse-npl-6yzlko6h.png Figure 2: (a) Linear absorption of an exemplary 4.5ML CdSe NPL with lateral sizes of 19x5 nm2. The black dashed line indicates the two photon energy 2hν of 3.1 eV. Heavy hole (HH), light hole (LH) and split off (SOH) exciton transitions are indicated. Each band has strongly correlated lowest exciton states (indicated maxima), a quasi continuum of weakly correlated states and free electron-hole pair states in the continuum (referred as IP states in the text) as indicated in figure 1 (b). Inset: Intrinsic absorption at 4 eV for 4.5ML platelets of different area. The second datapoint belongs to the platelet in (a). Data from Ref. 25. (b) Logarithmic plot of area dependence of the TPA cross section measured at 800 nm (1.55 eV) for CdSe NPLs of 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5ML thickness and varying lateral dimensions. Points are experimental values from Ref. 28. Solid line: power law fit. Dashed line: Forced square dependence fit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-cuboidal-nanostructures-under-study-n-is-the-nfa1z4nm.png Figure 1: (a) Cuboidal nanostructures under study. N is the number of weakly confined dimensions of length L. (b) Different types of inter- and intraband transitions we consider. |0〉 is the state with all electrons in the valence band. Eg is the optical band gap energy and Eb the exciton binding energy. (c) Conditional probability of finding the electron after fixing the hole in the center of a quasi-2D NPL, corresponding to the ground state exciton without (top) and with (bottom) correlation factor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-tpa-rate-calculated-within-an-ip-model-using-eq-12f9ex30.png Figure 3: (a) TPA rate calculated within an IP model using Eq. 13. CdSe electron and hole masses are taken from Ref. 44, Eg = 2.4 eV and the laser bandwidth is set to 50 meV. A clear linear dependence with the area is observed, in contrast with the experimental data. (b) Diagram of possibly relevant paths in the TPA of CdSe NPLs under 800 nm laser: the final state lies near the two-photon energy (shaded region), and the correlation strength of intermediate (|i〉(1−4)) and final states (|f〉(1−4)) varies. (c) Schematic representation of the NPL area dependence of TPA cross-section for paths (1)-(4). Quadratic area dependence arises only if both intermediate and final states are correlated excitons, as in paths (3) and (4). https://scispace.com/papers/tuning-of-the-optical-properties-of-the-transparent-t8wpbe55a6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a1-2n-1-3-proportional-to-m-as-a-function-of-growth-39gtdw0p.png Figure 5. A1/2N−1/3 proportional to m* as a function of growth temperatures TG for different substrates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-temperature-dependence-of-transport-properties-of-10fp3r5q.png Figure 4. Temperature dependence of transport properties of SVO film grown on STO (green squares), LAO (red circles), and LSAT (blue triangles). a) Electrical resistivity at 5 K and the RRR ratio, b) A and α coefficients, c) the density of free carriers at 300 and 5 K, and d) the mobility of free carriers at 300 and 5 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-reflectivity-spectra-of-svo-films-grown-on-sto-at-1wldjyjr.png Figure 10. Reflectivity spectra of SVO films grown on STO at 400 and 700 °C before (dashed line) and after (solid line) soft annealing at 100 °C–20 h under atmosphere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-image-of-svo-films-grown-onto-sto-lao-and-lsat-2a67w8kl.png Figure 1. a) Image of SVO films grown onto STO, LAO, and LSAT between 300 and 700 °C. b) θ–2θ X-ray diffractograms in the vicinity of the (002) reflection of SVO thin films on STO and LAO grown between 300 and 700 °C. For SVO/LSAT samples refer to ref. [2]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-transmittance-at-500-nm-as-a-function-of-the-swu8q180.png Figure 6. a) Transmittance at 500 nm as a function of the substrate temperature and b) reflection spectra of SVO films in the vis–NIR range for the different substrate temperatures. The black line corresponds to the pristine substrates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-plasma-frequency-extracted-from-the-reflectivity-27qhgm6w.png Figure 7. Plasma frequency extracted from the reflectivity spectra as a function of the growth temperature for different substrates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-reciprocal-space-maps-around-the-103-cubic-200c35aj.png Figure 2. a) Reciprocal space maps around the (103) cubic reflection of SVO thin films grown at 400 and 700 °C on STO and LAO substrates. The reflections marked by a star (400 °C) are artefacts due to the diffractometer setup. b) Out-of-plane (solid symbols) and in-plane (open symbols) lattice parameters evolution as a function of the growth temperature of SVO films on STO (red squares), LSAT (blue triangles), and LAO (red circles). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-transport-properties-of-svo-sto-grown-at-400-and-700-3pbqmyr1.png Table 1. Transport properties of SVO//STO grown at 400 and 700 °C before and after annealing at 100 °C during 1 day. https://scispace.com/papers/tuning-of-product-selectivity-in-the-conversion-of-ethanol-42b2rtqvna 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-27pb1g6f.png Fig. 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-20vvvbg1.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-1iviwec8.png Figure 8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1o671aqs.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-summary-of-investigated-catalysts-2cw5f1ao.png Table 1. The summary of investigated catalysts https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-138tb5n8.png Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3sqla65g.png Figure 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cpe0bbbk.png Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/papers/tuning-of-the-depolarization-field-and-nanodomain-structure-4iijw7fzcw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pfm-measurements-for-three-different-samples-with-z9nwuta6.png Figure 5: PFM measurements for three different samples with 50-nm-thick (left), 20-nm-thick (center) and 10-nm-thick (right) PbTiO3 layers. All samples have SrRuO3 bottom electrodes and top and bottom 2-nm-thick SrTiO3 spacers. Phase (top) and amplitude (bottom) signals are shown on 500 x 500 nm2 areas. Part of the image obtained on the 10-nm-thick sample has been enlarged for clarity. From these measurements, we clearly see the decrease of the intrinsic domain size as the PbTiO3 film thickness decreases, as well as a change in shape from bubble-like for the thickest film to stripe-like for the thinnest one. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-influence-of-the-srtio3-spacers-on-the-lattice-1ftlarbt.png Figure 2: Influence of the SrTiO3 spacers on the lattice parameter of PbTiO3 for the 4 samples in Figure 1. Left: X-ray diffraction (XRD) intensities around the (001) reflection, together with the simulated intensities (shown in grey). Right: c-axis lattice parameter of PbTiO3 determined from the (00l) specular reflections with l = 1,2,3 and 4. Hatched regions are a guide to the eye. Samples A and D, without bottom SrTiO3 spacer, are monodomain, and display a larger lattice parameter than the polydomain samples B and C with a bottom SrTiO3 spacer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pfm-measurements-obtained-on-five-different-samples-2rh4uox2.png Figure 4: PFM measurements obtained on five different samples with 20-nm-thick PbTiO3 and top and bottom SrTiO3 spacers with thicknesses of 0, 1, 2, 5 and 10 uc. Amplitude (left) and phase (right) signals are shown for each sample on 2 x 1 µm2 areas, at different times after writing two 500 x 500 nm2 regions with up and down polarization. These measurements reveal different relaxation rates of the polarization for the different samples, with faster relaxation for samples with thicker SrTiO3 spacer layers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2d-fft-transforms-of-the-raw-pfm-phase-images-shown-3dtq8m7d.png Figure 6: 2D FFT transforms of the raw PFM phase images (shown in Figure 5) were used to estimate the domains sizes. (Top) 2D FFT Modulus of the PFM phase images of the domains for the 50-nm, 20-nm and 10-nm-thick films. (Bottom left) Symmetrised line profiles obtained from the radial average of the 2D FFT Modulus, showing the presence of satellite peaks from which the domain sizes were extracted. Lorentzian functions were used to fit each profile, and their center was used to determine the domain sizes. (Bottom right) The domain sizes are plotted as a function of the PbTiO3 film thickness (red dots). For comparison, the black line shows the Landau-LifshitzKittel scaling of domains in PbTiO3 films studied by Streiffer et al.43 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pfm-measurements-for-five-different-samples-with-20-4hce8lkb.png Figure 3: PFM measurements for five different samples with 20-nm-thick PbTiO3 and top and bottom SrTiO3 spacers with thicknesses of 0, 1, 2, 5 and 10 uc. Phase (top) and amplitude (bottom) signals are shown on 1 x 1 µm2 areas. The images were obtained after writing oppositely polarized regions by applying alternating −/+/−/+/− DC voltages to the bottom electrode while scanning the grounded AFM tip over a 500 x 500 nm2 region. These measurements demonstrate that the two samples with 0 or 1-uc-thick SrTiO3 spacer layers are monodomain, while samples with thicker SrTiO3 layers are polydomain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-influence-of-the-srtio3-spacers-for-4-different-18vm7yw3.png Figure 1: Influence of the SrTiO3 spacers for 4 different samples with PbTiO3 thickness of 50 nm and (A) with no spacer, (B) with a bottom 2-nm SrTiO3 spacer only, (C) with both top and bottom 2-nm spacers, and (D) with only a top 2-nm spacer. All structures have a bottom SrRuO3 electrode of 22 nm. Top: phase images showing the local orientation of the polarization, uniformly up for A and D while with domains for B and C. Center: amplitude images for the 4 different samples, clearly showing domain walls (corresponding to a drop in the amplitude) for B and C. Bottom: schematic representation of the 4 corresponding samples. https://scispace.com/papers/tuning-of-structure-inversion-asymmetry-by-the-d-doping-4pc3ic5w3l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-of-samples-carrier-densities-ns-per-qw-2gixrr4n.png TABLE I. Parameters of samples. Carrier densities ns per QW-layer and mobilities are room temperature values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-ratio-of-the-sia-and-bia-contributions-to-the-38iu9yk1.png FIG. 2. a The ratio of the SIA and BIA contributions to the MPGE Jx /Jy, as a function of . The triangle shows the result for sample 5LT grown at T =490 °C, the circles demonstrate the data for all other samples grown at T 630 °C. Insets show the QW profile and the doping positions for l r and for l r. b Dependence of J /Pns on the parameter . The photocurrents are measured along and normal to B y. Full and open symbols show Jx and Jy, respectively triangles are the data for sample 5LT . Inset: experimental geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-band-profile-conduction-band-of-qws-indicating-the-2dhprbxa.png FIG. 1. Band profile conduction band of QWs indicating the doping position. https://scispace.com/papers/tuning-of-the-structure-and-parameters-of-neural-network-4mjyrcqzbz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sunspot-cycles-from-year-1700-to-1980-1720fy0r.png Fig. 5. Sunspot cycles from year 1700 to 1980. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulation-results-of-the-improved-and-standard-gas-2esv43gw.png Fig. 3. Simulation results of the improved and standard GAs. The averaged fitness value of test functions obtained by the improved (solid line) and standard (dotted line) GAs. (a)f (x). (b) f (x). (c) f (x). (d) f (x). (e)f (x). (f) f (x). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-procedure-of-standard-ga-3rehjo76.png Fig. 1. Procedure of standard GA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-procedure-of-the-improved-ga-1xsd6wv6.png Fig. 2. Procedure of the improved GA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-simulation-results-for-theapplication-example-of-kfytgwg5.png TABLE II SIMULATION RESULTS FOR THEAPPLICATION EXAMPLE OF FORECASTING THE SUNSPOTNUMBER AFTER 1000 ITERATIONS OFLEARNING https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulation-results-of-a-96-year-prediction-using-the-1feqtrl0.png Fig. 6. Simulation results of a 96-year prediction using the proposed neural network (n = 6) with the proposed GA (dashed line), and the actual sunspot numbers (solid line) for the years 1885–1980. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-training-error-and-forecastingerror-in-mean-damuetxb.png TABLE III TRAINING ERROR AND FORECASTINGERROR IN MEAN ABSOLUTE ERROR (MAE) FOR THE APPLICATION EXAMPLE OF FORECASTING THE SUNSPOTNUMBER https://scispace.com/papers/tuning-synthesis-flags-to-optimize-implementation-goals-1wu1kk6uyy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-flowchart-of-the-proposed-approach-implemented-for-2jy996v8.png Figure 3: Flowchart of the proposed approach implemented for Xilinx ISE Design Suite https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-observed-values-for-performance-consumption-and-34w52im0.png Table 3: Observed values for performance, consumption and utilization (response variables V1 − V4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-leon3-target-configuration-and-test-environment-2yak1tte.png Figure 4: LEON3 target configuration and test environment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pareto-frontier-indicating-optimal-solutions-for-j60ahvw5.png Figure 5: Pareto frontier indicating optimal solutions for minimizing dynamic power consumption and maximizing clock frequency https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-flow-for-identification-of-optimal-2lqrcu0l.png Figure 1: Experimental flow for identification of optimal configuration of synthesis flags https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-matching-primitives-between-multiple-implementation-hgc6i1fw.png Figure 2: Matching primitives between multiple implementation-level netlists: common set (dark shaded) and complementary set for configuration 3 (light shaded) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proposed-29-4-fractional-factorial-design-with-low-13xxf97x.png Table 1: Proposed 29−4 fractional factorial design, with low and high levels coded as 0 and 1, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimators-bi-j-accounting-the-impact-on-the-1tj4gui3.png Table 5: Estimators (βi,j) accounting the impact on the response variable Vj of a high level on factor Xi. Those with a statistically significant impact are in bold typeface. https://scispace.com/papers/tuning-parameters-of-metal-ion-implantation-within-a-1fxm01uv1g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-graph-of-focused-bacteria-with-applied-electric-qcqtuxq8.png Figure 7. Graph of focused bacteria with applied electric field. The bacteria are concentrated to within 25 microns of the center of the fluidic channel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-process-flow-for-fabrication-of-the-master-mold-and-17m74tm3.png Figure 1. Process flow for fabrication of the master mold and microfluidic channel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-electrode-schematic-in-pdms-and-on-ito-coated-glass-2un3ei68.png Figure 3. Electrode schematic in PDMS and on ITO coated glass slide. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-diagram-of-ion-implantation-2lu9v0oi.png Figure 2. Diagram of ion implantation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-diagram-of-different-possibilities-of-ion-25a8unuf.png Figure 4. Diagram of different possibilities of ion implantation. Left image shows each wall of the microfluidic channel as separate, unconnected electrodes. Right image shows each wall of the microfluidic channel as a single, connected electrode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-diagram-of-different-possibilities-by-tuning-kyyddyn7.png Figure 5. Diagram of different possibilities by tuning microfluidic channel dimensions. Left image shows all walls of the microfluidic channel as a single, connected electrode (Regime 1). Middle image shows a slight coating of the top wall connected to the side and bottom of the chip (Regime 2). Right image shows coating of the side wall only (Regime 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-images-of-aligned-bacteria-to-the-electric-field-3o5iyttu.png Figure 6. Images of aligned bacteria to the electric field. The direction of the electric field is indicated by the arrows. The aligned bacteria are indicated by the white circles/ellipses. They are aligned in the same direction as to the electric field. https://scispace.com/papers/tuning-the-optical-properties-of-large-gold-nanoparticle-yz8apq9myj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-87-7-nm-particle-array-transferred-from-the-air-9w5t7hyi.png Figure 3. a, 87 ± 7 nm particle array transferred from the air-water interface onto hydrophilic TEM grid by slow vertical retraction of the substrate without lateral surface compression. b, Specular reflectances of 16-, 34-, 42-, 70-, 87-, and 111-nm particle arrays transferred onto annealed quartz substrates (white light, θi = 60°). Substrates are approximately 1 cm wide. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tem-images-philips-em400-80-kev-of-2d-arrays-of-mid-2eq7gcs1.png Figure 2. TEM images (Philips EM400, 80 keV) of 2D arrays of mid-nanometer sized gold nanoparticles formed by self-organization at the air-water interface. The arrays were transferred onto Formvar-coated Cu TEM grids by Langmuir-Schaefer deposition. a, 34 ± 2 nm particle array; b, 70 ± 5 nm particle array; c, 111 ± 8 nm particle array. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-20-nm-gold-nanoparticles-coated-with-2lwsw4np.png Figure 1 . a, 20-nm gold nanoparticles coated with dodecanethiol form multilayered aggregates at the air-water interface. b, the same size nanoparticles coated with 1 form monoparticulate films. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-absorption-spectra-of-large-gold-nanoparticle-2mu7ruof.png Figure 4 . a, Absorption spectra of large gold nanoparticle arrays transferred onto annealed quartz substrates.13 Spectra were obtained with an HP 8453 UV-visible spectrophotometer (400-1100 nm) and a modified OLIS Cary-14 spectrophotometer equipped with a NIR photodiode (850-2000 nm). Spectral intensities have been modulated for clarity of presentation with minimal effect on the extinction maxima. Spectra reproduced with permission from the American Chemical Society. b, Surface-enhanced Raman spectra of 1 from gold nanoparticle arrays which had been transferred onto glass slides. Spectra were acquired with a micro-Raman spectrometer21 operating at 785 nm and 40X magnification (N.A.=0.75) with an input power of 10 mW at the sample (spot size= 700 µm2, integration time= 30 sec.). Spectra have been shifted for clarity of presentation. https://scispace.com/papers/tuning-the-solid-state-emission-of-small-push-pull-dipolar-xnxdwtjv8p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-optical-properties-in-nanoparticles-acetone-water-2yp1uuab.png Table 2. Optical properties in nanoparticles (acetone/water mixture). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-crystal-packing-of-2j-viewed-along-a-b01fq16p.png Figure 9. Crystal packing of 2j viewed along a crystallographic showing the ladder-like pattern resulting from the repetition of head-to-tail molecules (top) and along b crystallographic axis showing the inclination of the molecules and the herringbone pattern (bottom). Note that Hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-crystal-packing-of-1g-viewed-along-c-3cmnp0f1.png Figure 11. Crystal packing of 1g viewed along c crystallographic axis showing the two independent molecules A and B (left) and the herringbone pattern (right). Notice the different the s-cis conformation of molecule A. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-crystal-packing-of-2b-viewed-along-c-1n79sr2n.png Figure 12. Crystal packing of 2b viewed along c crystallographic axis showing the herringbone pattern (right) created by repetition of the dimer (left). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-crystal-packing-of-1b-viewed-along-a-2bwjrqxp.png Figure 10. Crystal packing of 1b viewed along a crystallographic axis showing the well-defined herringbone pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spectroscopic-data-in-dilute-solution-ch2-l2-and-in-2dnkui33.png Table 1. Spectroscopic data in dilute solution (CH2 l2) and in the crystal state for all compounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-compound-1e-stacked-dimer-left-and-crystal-packing-2q2suzmv.png Figure 4. Compound 1e, stacked dimer (left) and crystal packing view along the crystallographic a axis (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-crystal-packing-of-1i-viewed-along-a-1awkek1r.png Figure 13. Crystal packing of 1i viewed along a crystallographic axis. https://scispace.com/papers/tuning-the-structure-and-the-mechanical-properties-of-epoxy-3o2hyys6bt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tem-images-of-materials-prepared-with-different-amount-3dr8xj3o.png Fig. 5 TEM images of materials prepared with different amount of epoxy-resin. A0 corresponds to a common silica aerogel, A15 and A25 seem formed by the agglomeration of nanoparticles and A75 appears as a continuous solid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scheme-reaction-for-the-formation-of-the-hybrid-gels-304wjgyy.png Fig. 1 Scheme reaction for the formation of the hybrid gels. For the sake of clarification, in the gelification step R may stand either for ethyl (TEOS) or the APTES-epoxy bridge (epoxy linked silane). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-the-synthesized-materials-2q7cfxvl.png Table 1 Properties of the synthesized materials. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-photographs-of-two-samples-at-the-beginning-and-end-of-fe7c3bk6.png Fig. 6 Photographs of two samples at the beginning and end of the compression test (top) and the corresponding stress-strain curves (bottom). In the top, a clear variation in the length of A35 before and after compression is observed, while variations in the length of A90 were not evident at the naked eye. Small differences in the images for A90 before and after compression are caused by the different angle at which the photo was taken. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-gelification-time-tgel-and-bulk-density-vs-the-1yyl1wq2.png Fig. 2 Gelification time (tgel) and bulk density vs the percentage of APTES. The increase in ρbulk with % APTES is related to the increasing amount of epoxy resin while the behaviour of tgel can be explained in terms of the formation of a phase rich is silica precursors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-elastic-modulus-vs-raptes-e-can-be-tuned-over-two-3j3toj2q.png Fig. 7 Elastic modulus vs rAPTES. E can be tuned over two orders of magnitude by modifying rAPTES. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sem-images-of-some-of-the-samples-all-images-are-at-11r1pr7q.png Fig. 4 SEM images of some of the samples. All images are at 20000X except A100 and A60, which are at 10000X and A75, which is at 5000X. The microstructures from A15 to A100 are explained for the solidification of a phase rich in polymer and silicon precursors, with the differences between them arising from the increasing bridged precursor/TEOS ratio. A0 and A11 are driven by the hydrolysis and condensation of TEOS without the formation of this rich phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-percent-of-mass-loss-of-the-samples-as-a-function-of-3drvhut1.png Fig. 3 Percent of mass loss of the samples as a function of the percentage of APTES. The theoretical value is calculated from the composition assuming that the mass loss comes from the degradation of the organic part of the epoxy-linked silane. According to this result, all the epoxy resin is incorporated to the final material. https://scispace.com/papers/tuning-the-structure-dimensionality-and-luminescent-4yluo5aoqt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-topological-representation-of-the-3d-network-for-la-3-1x45n4ae.png Fig. 7 Topological representation of the 3D network for [La(3-OHNDS)(3,4,7,8TMphen)(H2O)] compound. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ortep-diagram-showing-50-of-probability-ellipsoids-ln-1qysjtmh.png Fig. 1 ORTEP diagram showing 50% of probability ellipsoids [Ln(3-OHNDS)(H2O)2], [Ln(3-OHNDS)(phen)(H2O)]·3H2O (where Ln = La, Pr, Nd and Sm) and [La(3OHNDS)(3,4,7,8-TMphen)(H2O)] compounds. Hydrogen atoms were removed for clarity. https://scispace.com/papers/tunneling-magnetoresistance-with-positive-and-negative-sign-ybqpckgfla 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-oxygen-deficient-junctions-a-tmr-at-85-k-and-b-r-vs-t-1pfcm8fq.png FIG. 3. Oxygen-deficient junctions. a TMR at 85 K and b R vs T at 10 mV for two junctions with O-deficient barrier. c TMR at 90 K and d R vs T at 20 mV for a junction with O-deficient barrier as well as SrO at the STO/Co interface. The junction with triangle symbols in a and b has a diameter of 100 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-interface-modified-junctions-a-tmr-at-90-k-and-b-r-vs-fecpwv5h.png FIG. 2. Interface modified junctions. a TMR at 90 K and b R vs T at 50 mV for junctions with TiO2 at the STO/Co interface. c TMR at 85 K and d R vs T at 10 mV for junctions with SrO at the STO/Co interface. In c data for two different junctions are given, where TMR solid symbols are from I-V curves in parallel and antiparallel states, and open symbols one junction only are from magnetic field sweeps at a given bias. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-standard-junctions-a-tmr-at-90-k-and-b-r-vs-t-at-40-mv-3ggjrycw.png FIG. 1. Standard junctions. a TMR at 90 K and b R vs T at 40 mV for representative junctions. TMR solid symbols are from I-V curves in parallel and antiparallel states, and open symbols are from magnetic field sweeps at a given bias. https://scispace.com/papers/turbine-design-dependency-to-turbulence-an-experimental-3wv3rtcfn0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-compensated-spectra-of-the-streamwise-flow-velocity-38bq0hua.png Fig. 10. Compensated spectra of the streamwise flow velocity, obtained at 𝑈∞ = 1.2 m∕s for the three turbulence intensities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-power-spectral-densities-of-the-streamwise-flow-22247oli.png Fig. 9. Power spectral densities of the streamwise flow velocity, obtained at 𝑈∞ = 1.2 m∕s for the three turbulence intensities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-normalised-standard-deviations-of-the-power-left-and-3toinjh1.png Fig. 16. Normalised standard deviations of the power (left) and thrust (right) coefficients for the three ambient turbulence intensity cases, obtained for the ATIR turbine. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-standard-deviations-of-the-rotational-speed-for-the-3a7i6yx5.png Fig. 17. Standard deviations of the rotational speed for the three ambient turbulence intensity cases, obtained for the ATIR turbine. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-standard-deviations-of-the-power-left-and-thrust-29umuera.png Fig. 15. Standard deviations of the power (left) and thrust (right) coefficients for the three ambient turbulence intensity cases, obtained for the ATIR turbine. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-torque-power-spectral-densities-obtained-for-the-atir-2rtaf3qj.png Fig. 23. Torque power spectral densities obtained for the ATIR turbine for three TSR, 𝑈∞ = 1.2 m∕s and the HTI case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-28-thrust-power-spectral-densities-obtained-for-the-atir-jv64rpad.png Fig. 28. Thrust power spectral densities obtained for the ATIR turbine for the three turbulence intensity cases at 𝑈∞ = 1.2 m∕s and TSR ≈ 4.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-27-torque-power-spectral-densities-obtained-for-the-atir-39oqldyt.png Fig. 27. Torque power spectral densities obtained for the ATIR turbine for the three turbulence intensity cases at 𝑈∞ = 1.2 m∕s and TSR ≈ 4.5. https://scispace.com/papers/tunneling-through-an-eternal-traversable-wormhole-3b6w81luiq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-gravity-picture-for-the-tunneling-probability-in-25m7w28j.png FIG. 4. The gravity picture for the tunneling probability in the (a) wormhole geometry and (b) black-hole geometry. Here the colored region in (a) corresponds to the AdS2 space-time, and the colored region in (b) corresponds to two copies of the Rindler spacetime. In both cases, we consider an ingoing Dirac fermion from the left lead and determine the tunneling amplitude Tbulk(ω) by solving the Dirac equation. In (b), the wiggle line corresponds to the coupling ν introduced in Eq. (37), and we impose the in-falling boundary condition ψI,α+ (r) = 0 at horizon r = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-tunneling-probability-and-b-the-differential-1hakozil.png FIG. 3. (a) The tunneling probability and (b) the differential conductance in the black-hole phase for /J = 0.3 and βJ = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-tunneling-probability-obtained-from-conformal-vqo5sth5.png FIG. 2. (a) The tunneling probability obtained from conformal solutions, Eq. (15). (b) The tunneling probability obtained by directly using the solutions of the Schwinger-Dyson equation in Eq. (13). The Green’s functions are self-consistently calculated in βJ = 120 and μ/J = 0.025, which results in t ′/J = 0.3. (c) The differential conductance defined by taking the derivative of Eq. (12). We also use the same Green’s functions as in (b). In (a)–(c), the left panel exhibits peaks at ωn ≡ t ′(n + 1/4) and the right panel exhibits peaks at ω′n ≡ t ′(n + 3/4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematics-of-the-setup-where-we-couple-each-side-of-h7g0cdgn.png FIG. 1. Schematics of the setup where we couple each side of the MQ model to a lead that allows us to measure the tunneling current. Here the blue/red blob represents specific SYK interaction terms for the L/R copy, which acts nontrivially on four fermion modes. V represents bias voltage added to the left lead and the current on the right lead JR is measured by the ammeter A. The inverse temperature is βL for the left lead, β for the right lead, and β for the complex MQ model system. https://scispace.com/papers/tuple-space-middleware-for-wireless-networks-2t7lhna7er 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2-code-to-react-to-the-arrival-of-a-new-user-using-the-22ex2bvj.png Fig. 1.2 Code to react to the arrival of a new user using the LimeSystemTupleSpace. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2-features-of-tuple-space-systems-for-wireless-mfhhvyxk.png Table 1.2 Features of tuple space systems for wireless sensor networks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-4-sequence-of-operations-to-handle-a-fire-once-1ix43aw1.png Fig. 1.4 Sequence of operations to handle a fire. Once notified about increased temperature, a node controlling water sprinklers queries the smoke detectors to verify the presence of fire. If necessary, it sends a command activating nearby sprinklers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-5-processing-of-capability-tuples-230ylxyl.png Fig. 1.5 Processing of capability tuples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3-emergency-control-in-buildings-kom3lc9f.png Fig. 1.3 Emergency control in buildings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1-screenshot-of-a-tuling-user-amy-while-near-a-second-ncusod4p.png Fig. 1.1 Screenshot of a TULING user, Amy. While near a second user, GianPietro, his history and movement are visible, but once out of range, updates are no longer propagated and only the locally visible movements of Amy are displayed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-features-of-representative-tuple-space-systems-for-1dbmz00x.png Table 1.1 Features of representative tuple space systems for mobile computing. https://scispace.com/papers/turbo-equalisation-for-the-enhanced-gprs-system-1cgu5zs0f2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-te-per-formance-for-mcs-5-tu3-3em72g5i.png Figure 5. TE per formance for MCS-5 (TU3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-te-per-formance-for-mcs-5-ht100-1if9yfq0.png Figure 6. TE per formance for MCS-5 (HT100). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-turbo-equaliser-structure-3iq6efgp.png Figure 2. Turbo equaliser structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-te-per-formance-for-mcs-1-ht100-orb923s4.png Figure 4. TE per formance for MCS-1 (HT100). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-te-per-formance-for-mcs-1-tu3-1s7ivuhf.png Figure 3. TE per formance for MCS-1 (TU3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-transmission-system-model-a3aozo1c.png Figure 1. Transmission system model. https://scispace.com/papers/turbo-decoding-and-detection-for-wireless-applications-124ed0ucpd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-summary-of-key-operations-in-map-algorithm-1mg8aep2.png Fig. 5. Summary of key operations in MAP algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-effect-of-generator-polynomials-on-ber-performance-of-333qng5b.png Fig. 11. Effect of generator polynomials on BER performance of turbo coding. Other parameters as in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-turbo-encoder-schematic-berrou-et-al-4-5-3ibteycd.png Fig. 1. Turbo encoder schematic, Berrou et al. [4], [5]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-turbo-decoder-schematic-1uzxm86a.png Fig. 2. Turbo decoder schematic. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-effect-of-frame-length-on-ber-performance-of-turbo-hyxkvggs.png Fig. 10. Effect of frame length on BER performance of turbo coding. All interleavers except L ¼ 169 block interleaver use random separated interleavers [42]. Other parameters as in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ber-performance-comparison-between-one-third-and-half-1rr5ftr0.png Fig. 8. BER performance comparison between one-third and half-rate turbo codes using parameters of Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-ber-performance-comparison-between-different-component-11vbtbt9.png Fig. 9. BER performance comparison between different component decoders for a random interleaver with L ¼ 1000. Other parameters as in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-map-decoder-trellis-for-k-1-4-3-rsc-code-oh6blibn.png Fig. 3. MAP decoder trellis for K ¼ 3 RSC code. https://scispace.com/papers/turbomachinery-design-by-a-swarm-based-optimization-method-4w49k8gtro 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-abc-asbec-pseudocode-2mt24myg.png Fig. 3 ABC/AsBeC pseudocode https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-flow-chart-of-the-parallelized-simulation-based-2a0ktdnq.png Fig. 9 Flow chart of the parallelized simulation-based optimization platform https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-asbec-convergence-check-as-function-of-fes-by-using-1xwoy0g3.png Fig. 5 AsBeC convergence check as function of FEs by using FON and ZDT3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-on-average-total-pressure-loss-6buz4wqh.png Table 4 Comparison on average total pressure loss coefficient https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-on-wall-isentropic-mach-number-30bevs57.png Fig. 8 Comparison on wall isentropic Mach number https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-reconstruction-order-distribution-bfaco3hm.png Fig. 7 Reconstruction order distribution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-results-1b7zmqky.png Fig. 10 Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reference-condition-for-cfd-validation-1m9enud9.png Table 3 Reference condition for CFD validation https://scispace.com/papers/turbo-speckle-filtering-applied-to-polsar-data-3ey7pq92vw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-display-color-red-2-shv-2-green-svv-2-blue-shh-2-iv6lgmi1.png Figure 3. Display color, red = 2 |Shv|2 , green = |Svv|2, blue = |Shh|2. His Entropy-Alpha classification rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-empircal-and-theoritical-probability-density-2a0cf3t9.png Figure 2. Empircal and Theoritical Probability Density Funcfion of U1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scheme-of-turbo-iterative-principle-1surhcy9.png Figure 1. Scheme of Turbo Iterative Principle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-display-color-red-2-shv-2-green-svv-2-blue-shh-2-3tdq0np7.png Figure 4. Display color, red =2 |Shv|2 , green = |Svv|2, blue = |Shh|2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-that-turbo-speckle-filtering-offers-higher-enl-1oi631od.png Figure 3. Display color, red = 2 |Shv|2 , green = |Svv|2, blue = |Shh|2. His Entropy-Alpha classification rate. https://scispace.com/papers/turbopump-condition-monitoring-using-incremental-clustering-yhn3m7f5lc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-hypersphere-non-support-vectors-nsvs-u2836p1p.png Fig. 1. Illustration of hypersphere, non-support vectors (NSVs), boundary support vectors (BSVs) and non-boundary support vectors (NBSVs) in SVDD https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-detection-features-of-test-tf619-ydl035sy.png Fig. 5. Detection features of test TF619 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-novelty-detection-results-of-test-tf627-2g1tgfc1.png Fig. 8. Novelty detection results of test TF627 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-novelty-detection-results-of-test-tf619-4fzzwg26.png Fig. 6. Novelty detection results of test TF619 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-detection-features-of-test-tf627-3ez3xobu.png Fig. 7. Detection features of test TF627 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-rms-and-its-changing-rates-drms-1iurcgy6.png Fig. 4. Comparison of RMS and its changing rates dRMS https://scispace.com/papers/turbulent-boundary-layer-noise-direct-radiation-at-mach-3nzhumi56m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-flow-configurations-for-the-les-of-a-three-2ptae7py.png Table 1. Flow configurations for the LES of a three-dimensional spatially developing turbulent boundary layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-a-phase-angle-a-x1-0-o-as-a-function-of-the-35iwfhpq.png Figure 17. (a) Phase angle α(ξ1, 0, ω) as a function of the nondimensional frequency for successive streamwise separations ξ1/δ ∗ ref=0.38 (o), 1.14 ( ), 1.90 (△), 2.66 (×), 3.42 (⋄), 4.18 (*), 4.93 (▽), 5.69 (+), 6.45 (o). (b) Phase velocities Ucp versus frequency for the same streamwise separations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-comparisons-of-power-spectral-density-of-the-ou1vbjhu.png Figure 12. Comparisons of power spectral density of the pressure perturbations in the acoustic field with theoretical models: ( ) Fine-grid LES at x1/δref = 46.4 and x2/δref = 9.6, ( https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-coherence-g-as-a-function-of-the-phase-angle-a-for-36vevxs6.png Figure 19. Coherence Γ as a function of the phase angle: (a) for successive streamwise separations ξ1/δ ∗ ref=1.90 ( ), 3.42 (△), 4.94 (×), 6.45 (⋄), 7.97 (*), 9.49 (▽), 11.01 (+); (b) for successive spanwise separations ξ3/δ ∗ ref=0.15 (o), 0.76 ( ), 1.37 (△), 1.97 (×), 2.58 (⋄), 3.19 (*), 3.80 (▽), 4.40 (+). An exponential fit exp(−ω|ξi|/(αiUcp)) ( ) is superimposed in the ξ1(α1 = 1/0.12) or ξ3-direction (α3 = 1/0.72). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-a-phase-velocities-versus-frequency-compared-to-3v8ll6h4.png Figure 18. (a) Phase velocities versus frequency compared to the experimental results of Farabee & Casarella (1991) at Reθ=2945 (△), and Leclercq & Bohineust (2002) at Reθ=7467 (o). (b) Coherence versus nondimensional frequency for successive streamwise separations compared to measurements by Leclercq & Bohineust (2002) (o). The successive streamwise separations are given in figure 19 for the LES simulation. They are ξ1/δ=0.10, 0.24, 0.42, 0.9, and 1.63 in Leclercq and Bohineust’s experiment, and 0.216 ξ1/δ 65 in Farabee and Casarella’s experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-band-pass-filtered-pressure-in-the-median-plane-at-16smt6lu.png Figure 9. Band-pass filtered pressure in the median plane at tU∞/δ ∗ ref=380.7: (a) around ωδ∗ref/U∞=0.033 (range ±0.5 Pa), (b) around ωδ ∗ ref/U∞=0.20 (range ±0.25 Pa), and (c) for the frequency band ωδ∗ref/U∞ ∈ [0.52; 0.99] (range ±1 Pa). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-contours-of-constant-space-correlation-rpp-x1-x3-0-1t27fzek.png Figure 14. Contours of constant space correlation, Rpp(ξ1, ξ3, 0) of the wall pressure field (a). 10 positive isocontours (solid lines): 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, and 0.1 to 0.9 every 0.1; and 3 negative isocontours (dashed lines): -0.01, -0.02, -0.05. Space correlations of the wall pressure Rpp(ξ1, 0, 0) along the streamwise direction (b), and Rpp(0, ξ3, 0) along the spanwise direction (c). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-grid-parameters-for-the-les-of-a-three-dimensional-15spelfr.png Table 2. Grid parameters for the LES of a three-dimensional spatially developing turbulent boundary layer († without the sponge zone). https://scispace.com/papers/turbulent-combustion-modelling-and-experiments-recent-trends-3zpic2eira 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-isosurface-of-the-stoichiometric-mixture-fraction-3n16ofvk.png Fig. 2 Isosurface of the stoichiometric mixture fraction coloured with, from left to right, temperature, OH mass fraction and heat release rate from a LES-CMC simulation of a turbulent spray flame. Reproduced from Ref. [98] with permission https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-les-cmc-prediction-of-the-blow-off-curve-of-the-burner-z7mm5ip6.png Fig. 1 LES-CMC prediction of the blow-off curve of the burner investigated by Cavaliere et al. [82]. Reproduced from Ref. [132] with permission https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-left-les-cmc-prediction-of-the-mean-soot-volume-xizy22vj.png Fig. 4 Left: LES-CMC prediction of the mean soot volume fraction in a model combustor at engine relevant conditions. Right: Soot volume fraction from experiment. Reproduced from Ref. [77] with permission https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-les-cmc-prediction-of-the-probability-density-function-37t78x69.png Fig. 3 LES-CMC prediction of the probability density function of the lift-off height of an ethanol spray flame (E1S1) investigated by Yuan et al. [124, 133]. The experimental PDF is based on analysing instantaneous images of the OH-PLIF signal that show where the reaction zone is relative to the bluff body. Reproduced from Ref. [98] with permission https://scispace.com/papers/turbulent-boundary-layer-over-a-piezoelectrically-excited-1n37gzrenv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-12-turbulent-kinetic-energy-tke-production-over-a-36o2d9i1.png Figure 3.12: Turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) production over a traveling wave for two different drag reductions (a) 11% and (b) 1% [7]. Used with permission of Springer Nature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-30-the-kurtosis-k-u-4-s4u-of-the-fluctuating-222k7ut1.png Figure 5.30: The kurtosis, K = u ′4 σ4u , of the fluctuating velocity, u′(t), as a function of wall position, y https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-experimental-setup-showing-the-traveling-wave-tw-1h7gmmvl.png Figure 5.2: Experimental setup showing the traveling wave (TW) plate mounted in the floating wall, which is installed in the wind tunnel test section. The top of the test section has been removed. X = Streamwise, Y = Wall-normal, Z = Spanwise direction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-d-1-operational-deflection-shapes-odss-showing-the-a-2ispkdax.png Figure D.1: Operational deflection shapes (ODSs) showing the (a) (2,4) mode at f = 579Hz, T+ = 82 and (b) the (3,4) mode at f = 630Hz, T+ = 74. These are the participating mode shapes in the 607Hz(T+ = 78) traveling wave https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-a-the-7th-32-experimental-mode-shape-at-282-1hz-3tpu7kft.png Figure 4.5: (a) the 7th, (3,2), experimental mode shape at 282.1Hz, and (b) the 8th, (1,3), experimental mode shape at 353.5Hz https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-17-phase-locked-a-skewness-and-b-kurtosis-profiles-2z5qj69q.png Figure 6.17: Phase-locked (a) skewness and (b) kurtosis profiles over the 430Hz(T+ = 112) traveling wave surface at xp = 48mm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-14-small-diameter-pitot-tube-positioned-close-to-16838z7p.png Figure 5.14: Small diameter pitot tube positioned close to the wall. The small y distance is confirmed by the reflection of the probe on the wall https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-17-data-used-to-calibrate-the-hot-wire-anemometer-kd0lltgm.png Figure 5.17: Data used to calibrate the hot-wire anemometer. The measured voltages are plotted against known flow velocities. The data is fit using a power law, where all three coefficients were variable. https://scispace.com/papers/turbulent-flow-over-a-liquid-layer-revisited-multi-equation-24l3d2uu0m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-solid-lines-model-base-state-profiles-for-shear-39fafipw.png FIGURE 2. Solid lines: model base-state profiles for shear-driven single-phase turbulence (flat bottom, c = 0). Dots: the model is validated against the simulations of Sullivan et al. (2000) (Figures 6–7 therein). The Reynolds number is Re = 8000, based on the upper-plate velocity. (a) The base-state velocity profile, across the entire channel width; (b) semilog plot of the velocity profile, showing the log layer near the bottom wall; (c) the base-state Reynolds-stress profile; (d) base-state TKE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-energy-budget-for-the-shear-driven-case-ql-model-ko15jqgz.png TABLE 2. Energy budget for the shear-driven case, QL model. Significant contributions to the budget are underlined. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-the-wave-reynolds-stress-function-and-the-2i4mybqf.png FIGURE 15. The wave Reynolds stress function and the analogous finite-amplitude stress function, as a function of wave speed: (a) c/U∗ = 0; (b) c/U∗ = 3.9; (c) c/U∗ = 7.8; (d) c/U∗ = 11.5; and (e) c/U∗ = 22. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parametric-study-as-a-function-of-wave-speed-c-u-for-1j9phxxs.png TABLE 1. Parametric study as a function of wave speed c/U∗ for α/Re∗ = 0.0262 with the DNS results of Sullivan et al. (2000). The study shows a comparison of the predicted phaseshift 1ϕ = α1x between (left) the viscous stress at the wall and the wavy wall; (right) the pressure at the wall and the wall itself. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-with-the-dns-data-of-sullivan-et-al-3mt9i2yi.png FIGURE 10. Comparison with the DNS data of Sullivan et al. (2000) for Re = 8000 (shear-driven single-phase channel flow), c = 0. (a) The wave-induced velocity uw; (b) the streamwise-averaged velocity L−1ξ ∫ Lξ 0 dξ |ũ| (the solid line comes from our theory; the dots come from the DNS); (c) the wave-induced velocity ww; (d) the streamwise-averaged velocity L−1ξ ∫ Lξ 0 dξ |w̃|. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-qualitative-comparison-with-the-dns-data-of-1zziz4w4.png FIGURE 9. Qualitative comparison with the DNS data of Sullivan et al. (2000) for Re= 8000 (shear-driven single-phase channel flow). The total stream function ψ is shown in each case, with a choice of contours that is designed to highlight the recirculation zone for the two intermediate cases. This is the so-called ‘cat’s eye’ that is responsible for the Miles or criticallayer instability in genuine two-phase flow (see § 5). The critical layer is marked by a broken line: (a) c/U∗ = 0; (b) c/U∗ = 3.9; (c) c/U∗ = 7.8; (d) c/U∗ = 11.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-comparison-between-our-models-and-the-experimental-uq8cqs4h.png FIGURE 22. Comparison between our models and the experimental correlation of Plant (1982) (dashed lines) and the DNS results of Lin et al. (2008) (squares). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-energy-budget-at-maximum-growth-detailing-the-2iij5yi0.png TABLE 4. Energy budget at maximum growth detailing the transition from critical-layer to viscosity-stratified waves, as a function of gravity number, where Fr0 = 500 and Re = 10 5. The budgets have been normalized such that TAN = 1 in each case. In the first table, we have included the WIRSs; in the second table, they are set to zero. https://scispace.com/papers/turbulent-rayleigh-benard-convection-in-low-prandtl-number-307mkw4kqo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-gg82flqt.png Fig. 12: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-normalized-probability-density-function-of-2d4b3a6d.png Fig. 16 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-3dsldikk.png Fig. 8: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-4ddced5q.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6b-3qc3f2gc.png Fig. 6b https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-rms-profiles-of-thermocouple-signals-of-tc-rake-2-1t94kjzk.png Fig. 11: RMS-profiles of thermocouple signals of TC-rake 2 across the sodium layer for different Rayleigh numbers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-rms-values-normalized-by-the-mean-temperature-1qia5vpl.png Fig. 12: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-mean-temperature-profiles-for-different-ra-numbers-3rkxgdjr.png Fig. 8: https://scispace.com/papers/turbulent-shear-layer-mixing-at-high-reynolds-numbers-15qz2cekf6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-freestream-speeds-and-compositions-2lw5adt2.png Table 2. Freestream speeds and compositions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-shear-layer-flow-test-section-schematic-2oaghvyg.png Figure 1. Shear-layer flow test-section schematic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-velocity-profiles-for-natural-untripped-flows-mn16slwm.png Figure 4. Velocity profiles for natural (untripped) flows. Legend as in figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-velocity-profiles-for-the-flows-with-tripped-high-1u98bg0q.png Figure 7. Velocity profiles for the flows with tripped high-speed side boundary layers. Legend as figure 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-drawing-of-the-splitter-plate-used-in-these-ibfkqgtb.png Figure 2. Drawing of the splitter plate used in these experiments (figure 1). Dimensions in English units. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-normalized-temperature-rise-data-with-natural-26uvy0oj.png Figure 3. Normalized temperature-rise data with natural (untripped) boundary layers. Diamonds: Case 1, φ = 8. Triangles: Case 2, φ = 1/8. Asterisks: Case 3, φ = 1/8, reduced chemical-kinetic rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-normalized-temperature-rise-data-with-tripped-high-13o3k11t.png Figure 6. Normalized temperature-rise data with tripped high-speed boundary layers. Diamonds: Case 1 (φ = 8). Triangles: Case 2 (φ = 1/8). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-velocity-profiles-for-both-untripped-and-tripped-1sa8h1dv.png Figure 11. Velocity profiles for both untripped and tripped flows. Transverse coordinate normalized by 1% temperature-rise thickness. https://scispace.com/papers/turbulent-front-speed-in-the-fisher-equation-dependence-on-1vcd5gll7z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-visualization-of-the-concentration-c-on-the-periphery-1o6ilit0.png FIG. 5: Visualization of the concentration C on the periphery of the box at different times for Run A1. Here, T = (urmskt) −1 is the turnover time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mean-concentration-and-the-instantaneous-front-speed-2512tr8q.png FIG. 6: Mean concentration and the instantaneous front speed as functions of time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-relative-front-speed-as-a-function-of-f-for-three-2g1huus6.png FIG. 7: Relative front speed as a function of f for three values of St. The squares indicate runs where the fluid is at rest and the front is moving through the domain while the asterisk denote runs with an inlet velocity chosen such that the front is approximately stationary within the domain. The solid line gives the theoretically expected result, sT/v ′ = f(Da, St, Pe)1/2. Note that the best agreement with the theoretical values is achieved for St=0.03. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-different-expressions-for-the-normalized-4d5b083x.png FIG. 1: Comparison of different expressions for the normalized front speed, sT/sL, as a function of the turbulent velocity, v′/sL. The labels n = 1 and n = 2 refer to Eqs. (1) and (2), while Y88 and W85 refer to Eqs. (3) and (4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-relative-turbulent-front-speed-versus-da-the-squares-3hhhbz0e.png FIG. 8: Relative turbulent front speed versus Da. The squares indicate runs where the fluid is at rest and the front is moving through the domain while the asterisk denote runs with an inlet velocity chosen such that the front is approximately stationary within the domain. For the latter, big asterisks denote cases where Pe > 10. The lines give the theoretical expectations for St = 0.03 and Pe=1 (solid line), 10 (dotted), and 100 (dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-turbulent-front-speed-versus-turbulence-intensity-for-ts7b6de0.png FIG. 9: Turbulent front speed versus turbulence intensity for ǫ = 0.1 (solid line), 1 (dotted), and 10 (dashed) using St = 0.03. The squares indicate runs where the fluid is at rest and the front is moving through the domain while the asterisk denote runs with an inlet velocity chosen such that the front is approximately stationary within the domain. For the latter, big asterisks denote cases where Pe > 10. The lines give the theoretical expectations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-dependence-of-st-v-without-and-with-h-in-a-model-32mqm4pp.png TABLE II: Dependence of sT/v ′ without and with H in a model for Pe = 10. Note the slight increase of sT/v ′ when H compared to the case where it is neglected. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dependence-of-the-front-speed-of-solutions-of-eq-12-on-2iulkzcw.png FIG. 3: Dependence of the front speed of solutions of Eq. (12) on Da for different values of Pe and St = 3. The lines represent fits given by Eq. (18). https://scispace.com/papers/turing-completeness-of-asynchronous-non-camouflage-cellular-2ut1uqr7sf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ge-d-fig-9-crossing-3t1ntrin.png Fig. 8. GE(d). Fig. 9. Crossing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-transitions-from-fk-0-0-to-fk-2-0-oxj1m9p7.png Fig. 6. The transitions from FK(0, 0) to FK(2, 0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-left-and-right-figures-show-ga-b-s-s-and-gaa-d-s-v4r0po8p.png Fig. 11. Left and right figures show GA⊗B(s, s ′) and GAa d (s), respectively. Their frames are represented by rectangles drawn with double lines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-transition-rule-of-m-xllvoqia.png Table 1. The transition rule of M. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fk-0-0-1o9eqpdi.png Fig. 5. FK(0, 0). https://scispace.com/papers/turk-saanen-kecilerinde-elle-sagim-ile-makineli-sagimin-sut-4gocp4uf5s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-least-square-means-ekko-standard-errors-sh-and-p-1lrt2ug8.png Table 1- The least square means (EKKO), standard errors (SH) and P values of milk yield and milk components according to groups and periods https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-means-x-standard-errors-sh-and-the-ratios-of-3mju6j9j.png Table 2- The means )(x , standard errors (SH) and the ratios of residual milk to machine milking of residual milk amount and milk components according to periods https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pearson-correlation-coefficient-above-the-diagonal-1hum14uy.png Table 3- Pearson correlation coefficient (above the diagonal) and P values (under the diagonal) between milk yield and milk components https://scispace.com/papers/turkey-s-pivot-to-eurasia-geopolitics-and-foreign-policy-in-42s3gqay48 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-turkeys-current-account-deficit-trade-deficit-and-f29v239g.png Table 1. Turkey’s current account deficit, trade deficit, and FDI figures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-high-tech-exports-over-manufactured-exports-23h8a4mn.png Figure 1. High tech exports over manufactured exports (%) https://scispace.com/papers/turnaround-the-national-resistance-movement-and-the-re-41jokvqz2f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2006-parliamentary-election-results-by-region-20-qrw1zuqw.png Table 1: 2006 parliamentary election results ( by region)20 https://scispace.com/papers/turn-taking-in-human-communication-origins-and-implications-3ramkle919 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-argument-for-gestural-before-elaborate-vocal-17b08x34.png Figure 3. The Argument for Gestural before Elaborate Vocal Turn-Taking. Diagram and details from [66,68]; for the lack of breath control in Homo ergaster see [67]. The vertical scale is in million years before the present. https://scispace.com/papers/turning-point-mechanisms-in-a-dualistic-process-model-of-i0vazinu88 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frames-and-counter-frames-phase-1-january-1985-jjiq7ift.png Table 2. Frames and counter-frames: Phase 1 (January 1985 – February 2002). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-frames-and-counter-frames-phase-4-september-2004-2jj4wkbi.png Table 5. Frames and counter-frames: Phase 4 (September 2004 – August 2005). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-frames-and-counter-frames-phase-3-september-2003-258y1pkk.png Table 4. Frames and counter-frames: Phase 3 (September 2003 – August 2004). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-2pklinxm.png Table 3. (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mechanisms-involved-in-legitimacy-contests-35za09gr.png Figure 3. Mechanisms involved in legitimacy contests. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-frames-and-counter-frames-phase-2-march-2002-august-35mhgqk2.png Table 3. (Continued) https://scispace.com/papers/tutoring-teachers-building-an-online-tutoring-platform-for-1sb86fm6s1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-boxplots-of-the-likert-scales-of-the-survey-with-jtel-157s8git.png Fig. 5. Boxplots of the likert scales of the survey with JTEL students and Go-Lab teachers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-architecture-of-the-go-lab-tutoring-platform-3aoyuqj8.png Fig. 2. The architecture of the Go-Lab Tutoring Platform https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-home-page-of-the-go-lab-tutoring-platform-3t85yczd.png Fig. 3. Home page of the Go-Lab Tutoring Platform https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-conceptual-diagram-leading-towards-a-business-model-1kslfpyz.png Fig. 6. Conceptual diagram leading towards a business model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tutor-profile-management-and-display-of-help-session-222p2s8v.png Fig. 4. Tutor profile management and display of help session offers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-workflow-in-the-go-lab-tutoring-platform-2uribbb0.png Fig. 1. Workflow in the Go-Lab tutoring platform https://scispace.com/papers/tutorial-conceptual-simulation-modeling-with-onto-uml-ekzjyz4khy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-customer-departure-law-is-triggered-by-a-atycktp2.png Figure 8: The customer departure law is triggered by a customer departure event. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-an-improved-version-of-the-model-of-figure-5-y7o5ip1c.png Figure 6: An improved version of the model of Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-adding-event-types-and-causal-laws-1o928zxw.png Figure 7: Adding event types and causal laws. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-meta-model-describing-the-basic-type-concepts-of-2j6p5k35.png Figure 3: A meta-model describing the basic type concepts of DESO. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-from-a-conceptual-model-via-a-design-model-to-an-2l3bttgb.png Figure 1: From a conceptual model via a design model to an implementation model of persons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-conceptual-information-model-of-a-drive-thru-2bgdmd5t.png Figure 10: A conceptual information model of a drive thru. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-different-categories-of-object-types-with-instances-1hgzvmqm.png Figure 4: Different categories of object types with instances. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-conceptual-process-model-of-the-service-queue-2bdh7hjq.png Figure 9: A conceptual process model of the service queue system. https://scispace.com/papers/tweening-boundary-curves-of-non-simple-immersions-of-a-disk-2xxda3g87g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-obtaining-a-self-overlapping-curve-from-a-disk-a78lvbqv.png Figure 1: Obtaining a self-overlapping curve from a disk immersion: A disk painted blue on the front side and red on the back side is stretched and overlapped (from left to right) without twisting such that only the blue side is always visible. The boundary of the disk is called a self-overlapping curve (extreme right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-morphing-two-shapes-through-a-sequence-of-edge-1j0uuvpo.png Figure 10: Morphing two shapes through a sequence of edge-flips. Shape 1 has a triangulation T1 and shape 2 has a triangulation T2 to start with. Each shape is morphed to a disk with gradual edge flips, such that the triangulation of the shape and the corresponding disk changes at every step. At position u, the morphed shape 1, S1(u) has attained the triangulation T2, and at v, the morphed shape 2, S2(v) has attained the triangulation T1. Assuming v < u, S2(v) is morphed to shape 1, each intermediate morphing having the triangulation T1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-morphing-with-bottom-and-without-top-matching-1j20sgyz.png Figure 9: Morphing with (bottom) and without(top) matching stable triangles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-quality-of-morph-based-on-301pf1cr.png Table 1: Comparison of the quality of morph, based on statistical parameters of triangulations. The first row shows the curves for which these parameters are evaluated. The third row gives the rank of the matrix of areas (AR), and the fourth row gives the variance of difference in areas of the triangles for a given shape between successive frames. The Y column under each shape gives the results from an arbitrary triangulation and the X column gives the same for the morph obtained by re-meshing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-morphing-two-self-overlapping-curves-using-our-re-q78lx4h3.png Figure 11: Morphing two self-overlapping curves using our re-triangulation method. The last four rows show the results of morphing between incompatible triangulations. The blue dots in the source and target shapes denote the matched pivot vertices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top-morphing-a-self-overlapping-curve-into-another-mq7zi2rx.png Figure 4: Top: Morphing a self-overlapping curve into another without taking into account their interiors introduces twists. Bottom: Morphing of the same curves taking into account their interiors produces a simple rotation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-edge-flipping-to-attain-delaunay-condition-left-the-36pgx4ei.png Figure 5: Edge flipping to attain Delaunay condition. Left: The sum of the angles α and δ is less than 180◦. Center: This triangulation does not meet the Delaunay condition as the circumcircles contain more than three points. Right: Flipping the common edge produces a triangulation which meets the Delaunay condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-dual-graphs-and-their-simplifications-of-two-1afnimdy.png Figure 3: The dual graphs and their simplifications of two different triangulations of the interior of a self-overlapping curve. The left two figures shows the dual graph of an arbitrary triangulation. The right two figures show the dual graph of the triangulation obtained by re-meshing, which gives an indication of the deformation pattern of the disk. https://scispace.com/papers/tw-hya-an-old-protoplanetary-disc-revived-by-its-planet-wxlv2ye68w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-same-as-fig-4-but-now-for-the-gi-model-section-8-3-1ybno60k.png Figure 11. Same as Fig. 4 but now for the GI model (Section 8.3) at t = 6.8 × 104 yr. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-same-as-fig-3-but-now-for-a-dust-source-model-the-29r9bjxn.png Figure 5. Same as Fig. 3 but now for a Dust Source model. The planet Mp = 3M⊕ is fixed at 51.5AU and ejects dust into the surrounding disc at rate ṀZ = 6× 10−6 yr−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-top-evolution-of-gas-giant-planet-radius-rp-for-3d2xlhbh.png Figure 9. Top: Evolution of gas giant planet radius, rp, for different metallicities of the planet with (thick dashed) and without (thin solid) core formation. Bottom:Coremass as a function of time for differentmetallicities Z (in units of Z⊙). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-steady-state-disc-model-with-anmp-10m-planet-1cxutu4e.png Figure 2. The steady state disc model with anMp = 10M⊕ planet located at 51.5AU. Top: Model disc intensity at three different times as shown in the legend, and the ALMA azimuthally averaged intensity at 1.3 mm (green). Bottom: The corresponding dust surface density profiles d, compared with that inferred from the observations by Hogerheijde et al (2016) (scaled down by a factor of 3 due to different opacities). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-tw-hydra-alma-image-reproduced-from-tsukagoshi-2utard1t.png Figure 1. Top: TW Hydra ALMA image reproduced from Tsukagoshi et al. (2019). Note the excess emission inside the white box in panel (a), and the zoom in on this feature in panel (b). Bottom: The gas surface density models (black curves) versus azimuthally averaged deprojected ALMA and EVLA dust continuum intensity profiles, and the dust surface density model from Hogerheijde et al. (2016). Note how compact the dust distribution is compared to that of the gas, and that the cliff-like rollover in dust neatly coincides with the location of the T19 excess emission in the top panels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-comparison-of-the-gas-red-dotted-and-dust-blue-3ohqecqc.png Figure 13. Comparison of the gas (red dotted) and dust (blue dotted) disc surface density profiles of the GI planet disruptionmodel (Fig. 11, Section 8) with that of previous authors for TWHya.While our model matches the dust density profile from Hogerheijde et al (2016) reasonably closely, our gas surface densities are lower by a factor of a few than Trapman et al. (2017). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-same-as-fig-2-but-for-planet-mass-mpl-3m-the-7w2oqlxx.png Figure 3. Same as Fig. 2 but for planet mass Mpl = 3M⊕. The effects of the planet on the disc are now barely observable just around its orbit. https://scispace.com/papers/twelve-month-follow-up-on-a-randomised-controlled-trial-of-3aw0nusw77 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-diagram-showing-the-procedure-of-allocation-281pl184.png Figure 1. Flow diagram showing the procedure of allocation, twelve month follow up and analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/tweetaneuse-ami-evalita2018-character-based-models-for-the-4gm52tjdzi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-classification-results-of-the-different-learning-jwqarcq3.png Table 11: Classification results of the different learning models on k-cross validation terms of average F1-score. https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-classification-results-of-the-different-learning-1v0t8bcc.png Table 12: Classification results of the different learning models on the official test set in terms of F1-score (* submitted run). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-report-of-idial-linguistic-stress-tests-1s7opwyo.png Figure 3: Example report of IDIAL linguistic stress tests. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-results-of-the-cross-haspeede-tw-sub-task-2tshoupy.png Table 10: Results of the Cross-HaSpeeDe TW sub-task. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-results-of-the-cross-haspeede-fb-subtask-1xzs1xf7.png Table 9: Results of the Cross-HaSpeeDe FB subtask. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-confusion-matrix-top-and-accuracy-at-top-n-bottom-3t9ggnj5.png Figure 3: Example report of IDIAL linguistic stress tests. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-results-of-the-haspeede-tw-task-cfsbwkdz.png Table 8: Results of the HaSpeeDe-TW task. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-classification-results-of-the-different-learning-quw6ixur.png Table 8: Results of the HaSpeeDe-TW task. https://scispace.com/papers/twenty-five-years-of-business-systems-research-and-lessons-428wfcx1ve 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mapping-and-pattern-recognition-of-the-themes-30qdssdc.png Figure 1: Mapping and Pattern Recognition of the Themes Focused in NBS Literature https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-institutional-features-affecting-firm-capacities-and-5o4tmf28.png Table 3: Institutional Features Affecting Firm Capacities and Capabilities in Business Systems https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-varieties-of-institutionalism-and-their-relationship-1f4v3kr7.png Table 1: Varieties of institutionalism and their relationship to issues of internationalization https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-papers-used-in-systematic-review-zelqq2c9.png Table 2: List of papers used in systematic review https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-business-systems-and-their-impact-on-firms-2mm7swnj.png Table 4: Business Systems and Their Impact on Firms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phenomena-themes-vs-space-dimensions-in-nbs-bdyfo666.png Figure 2: Phenomena / Themes Vs Space dimensions in NBS Literature https://scispace.com/papers/twenty-five-years-of-health-place-citation-classics-16jtr8r6tq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-key-concerns-in-health-place-papers-1995-1999-and-3gnpe5u9.png Table 2: Key concerns in Health & Place papers, 1995-1999 and 2014-2018 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-twenty-journals-citing-the-most-papers-from-2uri446b.png Table 5: The twenty journals citing the most papers from Health & Place https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-disciplinary-affiliation-over-time-24ikd6so.png Table 4: Disciplinary affiliation over time https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-highly-cited-papers-in-health-place-1qnp7opz.png Table 1: Highly cited papers in Health & Place https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-authorship-shares-by-country-1995-1999-and-2014-2qo5qod5.png Table 3: Authorship shares by country, 1995-1999 and 2014-20019 compared https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-twenty-journals-contributing-the-most-references-13hx1y27.png Table 6: The twenty journals contributing the most references to Health & Place https://scispace.com/papers/twenty-nine-years-of-the-bir-annual-survey-part-2-changing-3g6uewspeq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-proportion-of-company-information-enquiries-3j3a678y.png Figure 6: proportion of company information enquiries relating to https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-responses-by-sector-over-time-mznoszj0.png Figure 1: Responses by sector over time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-resource-budgets-as-a-proportion-of-6v56uani.png Figure 5: Resource budgets as a proportion of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sector-distribution-over-time-3vgiubpm.png Figure 2: Sector distribution over time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-frequency-of-training-as-a-topic-in-the-surveys-32vkxd2e.png Figure 7: frequency of "training" as a topic in the surveys https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-word-cloud-generated-from-2018-survey-2b3expof.png Figure 4: Word cloud generated from 2018 survey https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-word-cloud-generated-from-1991-annual-surve7-26zihn5m.png Figure 3: Word cloud generated from 1991 Annual Surve7 https://scispace.com/papers/twenty-parameters-families-of-solutions-to-the-nls-equation-3ltnxsi721 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-solution-of-nls-n-11-a2-105-9-rings-with-5-10-10-5-2ohskuvy.png Figure 4: Solution of NLS, N=11, ã2 = 105 : 9 rings with 5; 10; 10; 5; 5; 10; 5 : 10; 5 peaks, with in the center one peak; in bottom, sight of top. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-solution-of-nls-n-11-b2-105-9-rings-with-5-10-10-5-u9spq3ko.png Figure 5: Solution of NLS, N=11, b̃2 = 105 : 9 rings with 5; 10; 10; 5; 5; 10; 5 : 10; 5 peaks, with in the center one peak; in bottom, sight of top. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-solution-of-nls-n-11-b1-103-triangle-with-66-peaks-3dl8ut6a.png Figure 3: Solution of NLS, N=11, b̃1 = 103 : triangle with 66 peaks; in bottom, sight of top. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-solution-of-nls-n-11-a1-103-triangle-with-66-peaks-3ienfji6.png Figure 2: Solution of NLS, N=11, ã1 = 103 : triangle with 66 peaks; in bottom, sight of top. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-solution-of-nls-n-11-a4-109-6-rings-with-9-9-18-9-9-dvscqs5o.png Figure 8: Solution of NLS, N=11, ã4 = 109 : 6 rings with 9; 9; 18; 9; 9; 9 peaks, with in the center P2; in bottom, sight of top. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-solution-of-nls-n-11-a3-107-7-rings-with-7-14-7-14-op4hlwq8.png Figure 6: Solution of NLS, N=11, ã3 = 107 : 7 rings with 7; 14; 7; 14; 7; 7; 7 peaks, with in the center P2; in bottom, sight of top. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-solution-of-nls-n-11-b3-107-7-rings-with-7-14-7-14-3oovxdhn.png Figure 7: Solution of NLS, N=11, b̃3 = 107 : 7 rings with 7; 14; 7; 14; 7; 7; 7 peaks, with in the center P2; in bottom, sight of top. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-solution-of-nls-n-11-b4-109-6-rings-with-9-9-18-9-9-awrxmcxl.png Figure 9: Solution of NLS, N=11, b̃4 = 109 : 6 rings with 9; 9; 18; 9; 9; 9 peaks, with in the center P2; in bottom, sight of top. https://scispace.com/papers/twenty-years-of-integrated-disease-surveillance-and-response-2pef0mhw0j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3f3mgpx9.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1id8fvxt.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/twist-grain-boundary-phases-giving-developable-domain-3648jf7fz1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tgbh-tgba-transition-100-42-c-1qafhfmc.png FIGURE 4 TGBH–TGBA transition ( 100), 42 C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-well-grown-cc-type-domains-in-tgba-phase-100-42-c-2oaop462.png FIGURE 5 Well grown CC type domains in TGBA phase ( 100), 42 C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-cholesteric-texture-obtained-on-heating-tgbh-phase-a5smnp8t.png FIGURE 14 Cholesteric texture obtained on heating TGBH phase, 60 C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-planar-cholesteric-texture-below-ch-i-transition-iwciku91.png FIGURE 15 Planar cholesteric texture below Ch–I transition, 69 C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tgbc-phase-with-fracture-lines-100-36-c-25e238hd.png FIGURE 6 TGBC phase with fracture lines, ( 100), 36 C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-tgbc-phase-at-a-lower-temperature-100-34-c-kxj3wn3l.png FIGURE 7 TGBC phase at a lower temperature, ( 100), 34 C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-tgbh-as-obtained-from-tgba-phase-36-c-1xtpwfhy.png FIGURE 12 TGBH as obtained from TGBA phase, 36 C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-tgbh-cholesteric-transition-60-c-3n8pvri5.png FIGURE 13 TGBH–cholesteric transition, 60 C. https://scispace.com/papers/twisted-rods-helices-and-buckling-solutions-in-three-4csbvvryfq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evolution-of-the-unbuckled-state-under-a-l2-1d5eja1a.png Figure 3: Evolution of the unbuckled state under a L2-gradient flow. Parameters are L = 1, M = 1 and C/A = 1. The applied force is F = (50, 0, 0). Isoperimetric constraints ensure that y(1) = y(0) and z(0) = z(1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-evolution-of-a-local-buckling-solution-under-the-l2-zoqyqa7q.png Figure 8: Evolution of a local buckling solution under the L2-gradient flow. Parameters are L = 10, C/A = 3/4 and τ = 1. Isoperimetric constraints ensure that x and y components of the endpoints are fixed during the evolution. On the upper left we plot the decay of energy during the evolution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bifurcation-plot-for-th-and-ph-with-branches-at-m-1-3cl7h6qr.png Figure 2: Bifurcation plot for θ and φ with branches at m = 1, . . . , 4. The parameter setting is C/A = 3/4, M = 1 and L = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-an-unstable-helix-under-a-l2-gradient-13oktvgb.png Figure 4: Evolution of an unstable helix under a L2-gradient flow. Parameters are L = 1, C/A = 3/4, λ = 1 and F = 0. We have neumann boundary conditions for the Euler angles and isoperimetric constraints ensure that the endpoints of the rod stay fixed during the evolution. We note that our theory does not cover this experiment since we do not work with isoperimetric constraints. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evolution-of-an-unstable-helix-under-a-l2-gradient-9ox6d5ej.png Figure 5: Evolution of an unstable helix under a L2-gradient flow. Parameters are L = 1, C/A = 3/4, λ = 1 and F = 0. We have neumann boundary conditions for θ and φ and dirichlet boundary conditions for ψ. Furthermore, isoperimetric constraints ensure that the endpoints of the rod stay fixed during the evolution. As in Figure 4 we note, that our theory does not cover this experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-local-buckling-solutions-blue-and-perturbations-100pkx37.png Figure 6: Local buckling solutions (blue) and perturbations with compact support (red). We set L = 10 and C/A = 3/4. From left to right the solutions correspond to τ = 1/2, τ = 1 and τ = 2. The minimal eigenvalues of the second derivative of the rod-energy was λmin = −106.69,. λmin = −189.50 and λmin = −489.80 for the three parameters, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-evolution-under-a-l2-gradient-flow-initial-data-for-j7r3a5lk.png Figure 7: Evolution under a L2 gradient flow: Initial data for the gradient flow are the local buckling solutions with parameter τ = 12 , 1, 2. We plot the decay of energy during the evolution with fixed endpoints and Dirichlet boundary conditions for all three angles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-unbuckled-twisted-ground-state-with-l-1-and-m-1-we-3v9ui80c.png Figure 1: Unbuckled twisted ground state with L = 1 and M = 1. We plot the three directors d1 (red), d2 (blue) and the tangent d3 (green). Furthermore we emphasize the twist of the rod by a red ribbon which corresponds to d1. https://scispace.com/papers/twistor-inspired-construction-of-massive-quark-amplitudes-80sudslx7m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-topologies-contributing-to-the-five-point-2t2q5chz.png Figure 4.2: Topologies contributing to the five-point helicity flip amplitude with a massive quark pair with positive helicity and a negative helicity gluon adjacent to a massive quark. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-recursive-construction-of-amplitudes-with-one-2lvzo14d.png Figure 4.4: Recursive construction of amplitudes with one negative helicity gluon. Grey blobs denote amplitudes with one off-shell leg and white blobs denote CSW vertices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-topologies-contributing-to-four-point-amplitudes-22cs7i1k.png Figure 4.1: Topologies contributing to four-point amplitudes with a massive quark pair https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-recursive-construction-of-amplitudes-with-only-z083xpt0.png Figure 4.3: Recursive construction of amplitudes with only positive helicity gluons. The grey blobs denote amplitudes with one off-shell leg and the white blob denotes the vertex (3.36) or (3.37) https://scispace.com/papers/twistor-strings-grassmannians-and-leading-singularities-3kglrof4n5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-type-a-diagrams-correspond-to-a-momentum-space-1j9yfd8g.png Figure 4: Type A diagrams correspond to a momentum space leading singularity in the pentabox channel shown on the left of this figure. The rest of the figure illustrates the explicit calculation of the leading singularity in this channel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-pt-support-of-the-two-classes-of-contribution-2gzmqsya.png Figure 3: The PT∗ support of the two classes of contribution to the N2MHV tree amplitude. Each term is supported on two planes in PT∗, with marked points lying on three pairwise intersecting lines in each plane. The intersection of the two planes is a common edge of the triangles. We have taken this figure from [6], except that we have redrawn it to make the PT∗ structure more transparent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-the-momentum-space-channel-diagram-of-a-maximal-6-11b7c27g.png Figure 19: The momentum space channel diagram of a maximal 6-loop N2MHV leading singularity, built from the type B N2MHV KS figure by cutting across each unmarked vertex with a line with marked points at each new vertex. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-the-change-in-the-channel-diagram-associated-to-8olyfm2z.png Figure 18: The change in the channel diagram associated to the process of cutting across an unmarked vertex by inserting a new line with marked points at each end in twistor space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-inductive-step-when-new-triangle-is-formed-on-a-ev4nky43.png Figure 8: Inductive step when new triangle is formed on a marked or multiple vertex at c. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-inductive-step-when-new-triangle-is-formed-on-the-3twb5hcp.png Figure 7: Inductive step when new triangle is formed on the unmarked simple vertex between a1−1 and a1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-nmhv-3-mass-box-coefficient-redrawn-from-38mop95y.png Figure 11: The NMHV 3 mass box coefficient, redrawn from figure 2 for convenience. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-non-primitive-1-loop-nmhv-leading-singularity-2msg1e4g.png Figure 14: A non-primitive 1-loop NMHV leading singularity, contributing to the two mass easy and one mass box channels. The vertices of the dual graph are rational curves, labelled by the degree of the map component. https://scispace.com/papers/two-attributes-of-number-meaning-numerical-associations-with-2ftf8mvr45 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimates-of-the-fixed-effects-ms-for-response-times-3a3lj063.png Table 1 Estimates of the fixed effects (ms) for response times. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-4-examples-from-the-36-possible-37vdeihq.png Figure 1. Illustration of 4 examples from the 36 possible combinations of different space (SpC) and size (SiC) congruencies. Number were presented in 6 different size at 6 different locations. https://scispace.com/papers/two-applications-of-the-sylphon-bellows-in-high-vacuum-4qb84nujwu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-trace-obtained-with-lens-system-b-trace-obtained-3jsnsumq.png FIG. 2. (a) Trace obtained with lens system. (b) Trace obtained with mirror system. https://scispace.com/papers/two-bidder-all-pay-auctions-with-interdependent-valuations-4zdy15f4pw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-visualization-of-admissible-active-sets-and-fphym5as.png Figure 1: Visualization of admissible active sets and equilibrium in the common-values with highly correlated types model with K = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-complexity-of-the-graph-of-admissible-active-sets-10cfhgud.png Figure 4: Complexity of the graph of admissible active sets and structure of the equilibrium of Example 3a for the case of K = 5, as a function of pc. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-admissible-active-sets-in-the-common-2a3ayzi4.png Table 1: Summary of admissible active sets in the common-values with highly correlated types model with K = 3. The first group of columns summarizes the supporting solutions for each admissible active set; there is a two-dimensional family of solutions for the active set {t0, t1, t2, t3}, parameterized by p ∈ [3, 5]. The second group of columns reports the slopes of the payoff functions for types not in the active set. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-path-of-active-sets-corresponding-to-equilibrium-in-3tglzz7i.png Table 2: Path of active sets corresponding to equilibrium in the common-values with highly correlated types model with K = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematics-of-the-two-equilibrium-supports-in-the-237m7js2.png Figure 3: Schematics of the two equilibrium supports in the correlated private-values model when K = 8. Bars indicate intervals of bids on which the corresponding type is active. Horizontal dashing indicates bids at which the active set changes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-of-equilibrium-support-in-the-common-81azi5qj.png Figure 2: Schematic of equilibrium support in the common-values with highly correlated types model with K = 8. Bars indicate intervals of bids on which the corresponding type is active. Horizontal dashing indicates bids at which the active set changes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-support-of-the-unique-equilibrium-in-a-private-fhra1q83.png Figure 5: The support of the unique equilibrium in a private-values setting with 2K = 8 types, where increasing from an odd-indexed to an even-indexed type implies a larger upward shift in the expected type of the other bidder. Bars indicate intervals of bids on which the corresponding type is active. Horizontal dashing indicates bids at which the active set changes. https://scispace.com/papers/two-biologically-active-thiophene-3-carboxamide-derivatives-4zkdg17apv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hydrogen-bonding-geometry-ae-for-i-3ezfvt3c.png Table 1 Hydrogen-bonding geometry (AÊ , ) for (I). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hydrogen-bonding-geometry-ae-for-ii-3p00tvub.png Table 2 Hydrogen-bonding geometry (AÊ , ) for (II). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cdh-o-interactions-in-i-see-table-1-for-symmetry-5nbmi3gi.png Figure 3 CÐH O interactions in (I); see Table 1 for symmetry code. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-view-of-i-drawn-with-50-probability-displacement-30cj66lf.png Figure 1 A view of (I), drawn with 50% probability displacement ellipsoids. The broken lines indicate the intramolecular NÐH N hydrogen bond. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-view-of-ii-drawn-with-50-probability-displacement-13h4jihe.png Figure 2 A view of (II), drawn with 50% probability displacement ellipsoids. The broken lines indicate the intramolecular NÐH N hydrogen bond. https://scispace.com/papers/two-band-superconductors-extended-ginzburg-landau-formalism-2vrd3futj1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-h-1-c-h-0-c-as-a-function-of-kh-n2-0-n1-0-1dyhkwoo.png FIG. 1. (Color online) H (1)c /H (0) c as a function of χ = N2(0)/N1(0) as calculated from the extended GL formalism [see Eqs. (53)–(55)] for the coupling parameters of MgB2 (a), OsB2 (b), and LiFeAs (c). The dashed line displays the result for the single-band superconductor given by Eq. (57):H (1)c /H (0) c = −0.273. The inset in panel (a) shows the results from the two-component (TC) GL-like model (see Sec. VII A) given by Eqs. (65) and (66). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-band-excitation-gaps-12-and-the-2c1u9h2e.png FIG. 2. (Color online) The band excitation gaps 1,2, and the thermodynamic critical magnetic field Hc as functions of T calculated in the spatially homogeneous case for the material parameters of FeSe0.94 (see the text) using the full BCS gap equation (solid curve), the extended GL theory (dashed curve), and the TC1 (short-dashed curve) and TC2 (dotted curve) models. The interband coupling constant varies as λ12 = 0.001 (a), λ12 = 0.005 (b), λ12 = 0.03 (c), and λ12 = 0.15 (d). Insets in panels (a) and (b) zoom the temperature dependence for 2 in the vicinity of Tc where the extended GL theory almost coincides with the BCS solution. https://scispace.com/papers/two-cases-of-acute-abdominal-intestinal-endometriosis-2xeauzzpn5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-histopathological-appearance-of-endometrial-glands-25y5crkx.png FIGURE 2. Histopathological appearance of endometrial glands and stromal tissue within the muscularis propria of colonic wall (HE ×20) https://scispace.com/papers/two-computational-primitives-for-algorithmic-self-assembly-48uj1gndnw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-abstract-binary-counter-tile-set-and-dna-wang-tile-14qy68k9.png Figure 1. Abstract binary counter tile set and DNA Wang tile implementation. (a) The four binary counter rule tiles, VE-N0, UE-C1, REJ-C0, and SEJ-N1, corresponding to the four possible input pairs for ripple-carry adder logic. The first part of each tile name refers to the DNA tile core sequences used in previous work,30 while the second part refers to the input pair that the tile matches. The two lower binding domains (with names containing overbars) on each tile act as inputs, while the upper two act as outputs. Each tile outputs either 0 or 1 to the tile above it and outputs either a carry bit (c) or not (n) to the tile to its left. (b) Assembly of the rule tiles on a linear scaffold (blue). At sites where a new tile can attach by both input binding domains, a unique tile matches correctly (black arrow) and two tiles match partially (red arrows). To compare to Table 1, see inset for orientation. The tiles in the row representing the number 4 (0100 in binary) have been explicitly labeled in the diagram. (c) Molecular implementation of the four rule tiles as DNA Wang tiles. Each tile is assembled from five single strands: two of 37 nucleotides (nt) (top & bottom, #1 & #5, red & magenta), two of 26 nt (left & right, #2 & #4, yellow & green), and one of 42 nt (central, #3, blue). For two tiles, hairpin-containing 59-mers replace the 37-mers, providing topographic contrast for AFM imaging. Triangles mark two crossover points, separated by two helical turns (21 nt). Arrowheads point from 50 to 30. Sticky ends (5 nt) are at the ends of the #2 and #4 strands, and have sequences corresponding to the logical labels in (a). (d) Self-assembly of the DNA Wang tiles on the scaffold (not to scale). Diagram is exploded to show matching of complementary sticky ends. Crossover points in the scaffold are stretched in the diagram to accommodate the exploded spacing, but the molecules contain no nucleotides at the crossover points; the secondary structure of the SCA scaffold tile is consistent with the DAE-E motif. The scaffold consists of a single long periodic scaffold strand (blue) and three scaffold tile strands (SCA; red, yellow, green, of lengths 37, 26, 42). The intrinsic curvature of the DAE-E tiles is such that the radius of curvature points up out of the page; red stars indicate diagram artifacts at the nicks due to flattening the structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-afm-images-of-good-counting-and-reasonable-5138kazm.png Figure 3. AFM images of good counting, and reasonable interpretations. (a) Five examples. Areas shown are selected from larger crystals that extend further to the left and/or right. The first one is an average of several scans of the same crystal. The last one has been “deghosted” to reduce AFM artifacts due to a double tip. Scale bar is 100 nm. (b) Interpretations of the images to the left. Red cross indicates tiles that mismatch their right or lower neighbor. Numbers give the binary integer represented by the nearby row; sometimes higher-order bits were ignored. Areas with missing tiles or lattice mismatches were not interpreted. Of 486 interpreted tiles, there were 22 errors, giving an overall 4.5% error rate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1clnz93c.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tubes-and-crystals-a-tiles-ve-n0-and-sej-n1-14bxadfl.png Figure 2. Tubes and crystals (a) Tiles VE-N0 and SEJ-N1 annealed together (at 200µM each tile) form tubes several micrometers in length, which we term COPY tubes. AFM image. Scale bar is 5 um. (b) Thermal formation and melting profiles of VE-NO tubes (lower trace) and SEJ-N1 tubes (upper trace), as measured by hypochromicity at 260 nm. (c) Detail of an opened COPY tube. AFM image. Scale bar is 50 nm. (d) Interpretation of the COPY tube seen in (c). Red crosses mark tiles that mismatch their leftward neighbors. Green dots indicate tiles presumed to have lost their hairpins or that were poorly imaged by AFM. Note that the tube has split parallel to the tube axis. If the tube had a constant circumference of seven tiles, then five tiles must have fallen off as the tube opened, and four tiles subsequently attached after the tube had opened on the mica. (e) All four binary counter tiles annealed together with the scaffold strand. Green arrows indicate putative binary counting patterns growing from scaffold. Red “T”s mark what appear to be tubes nucleated without a scaffold strand. Red stars indicate ill-formed assemblies of undefined nature. The inset shows scaffold strand annealed with just UE-C1 and REJC0, which should assemble with just a single layer of tiles on the scaffold tiles. Typical lengths of the scaffold are mostly in the range 50-500 nm. Scale bar is 500 nm. Inset is the same scale. https://scispace.com/papers/two-control-laws-for-a-spray-system-with-time-varying-delay-1rofkxuzgt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-pressure-control-1xevm7wg.png Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the pressure control system https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-system-parameters-and-parameters-of-the-control-law-3oga7akn.png Table 1. System parameters and parameters of the control law. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-measured-full-line-and-desired-dashed-line-pressure-3jmf078y.png Fig. 3. Measured (full line) and desired (dashed line) pressure for the first controller (16) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-measured-full-line-and-desired-dashed-line-pressure-1ig6htxz.png Fig. 2. Measured (full line) and desired (dashed line) pressure for the first controller (4) https://scispace.com/papers/two-degree-of-freedom-anti-aliasing-technique-for-wide-band-1kipefrw7p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sampled-system-2q0ngdnp.png Fig. 1. Sampled system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-signals-in-a-sampling-process-15rxygpx.png Fig. 2. Signals in a sampling process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-integral-of-the-absolute-tracking-error-over-the-3roxmf7g.png Table 1. Integral of the absolute tracking error over the simulation time ratio, ρρ2DOF , for all the scenarios and AAF configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulation-for-scenario-iv-mpc-controller-noise-free-2l0vsc94.png Fig. 8. Simulation for scenario IV (MPC controller, Noise free, and without data loss). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-simulation-for-scenario-vi-mpc-controller-only-a-3gyq909d.png Fig. 10. Simulation for scenario VI (MPC controller, only a sinusoidal disturbance, and with data loss). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulation-for-scenario-ii-linear-controller-with-2957rpzg.png Fig. 6. Simulation for scenario II (Linear controller, with noise, and without data loss). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-simulation-for-scenario-iii-linear-controller-only-2j3q7yrr.png Fig. 7. Simulation for scenario III (Linear controller, only sinusoidal disturbance, and with data loss). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-simulation-for-scenario-v-mpc-controller-with-noise-11z542zz.png Fig. 9. Simulation for scenario V (MPC controller, with noise, and without data loss). https://scispace.com/papers/two-different-tools-for-three-dimensional-mapping-de-based-4jx7g3djb1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-the-highest-probability-of-loop-detection-with-the-y7wlm68i.png Table III. The highest probability of loop detection with the minimum probability of false alarm depending on Nn and the uncertainty band. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-colour-online-general-mapping-process-b6p6hjg5.png Fig. 1. (Colour online) General mapping process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-colour-online-3d-laser-reading-obtained-by-manfred-2-1v99g1v2.png Fig. 2. (Colour online) 3D laser reading obtained by MANFRED-2. All units are in centimeters. Robot’s pose: black point and red arrow. Bottom: real photo. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-highest-probability-of-loop-detection-with-the-8qpngsxx.png Table II. The highest probability of loop detection with the minimum probability of false alarm depending on Nn and the uncertainty band. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-the-highest-probability-of-loop-detection-with-the-2o2ap52t.png Table IV. The Highest probability of loop detection with the minimum probability of false alarm depending on Nn and the uncertainty band. Both values are in percentage. PD(PFA) wi = ∑T j=1 max(fi, gi)/T . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-colour-online-pd-and-pfa-as-functions-of-t1-settings-23lvos3c.png Fig. 8. (Colour online) PD and PFA as functions of t1. Settings: wi = mean (fi, gi), Nn = 3, t1 = t2 + 10. Left: dgt = 6 m. Right: dgt = 3 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-left-loop-detection-matrix-koblenz-data-set-333-scans-3tvxn3mr.png Fig. 9. Left: Loop detection matrix, Koblenz data set, 333 scans (t1 = 93%, t2 = 90%). Right: First lap of the robot’s path. Units are in centimeters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-colour-online-scan-matching-between-a-pair-of-scans-of-1prritco.png Fig. 5. (Colour online) Scan matching between a pair of scans of the Hannover2 data set. Each frame is in different color. Left: 3D view. Right: horizontal projection. Units are in meters. https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-1-h-nmr-studies-on-octahedral-nickel-ii-46alvh8728 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ortep-drawing-of-the-ni-bipy-2-oac-cation-showing-a-cnahifxk.png Figure 2 ORTEP drawing of the [Ni(bipy)2(OAc)]+ cation showing a partial numbering scheme (carbon and hydrogen atoms are not labeled for clarity). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1h-nmr-chemical-shifts-for-ni2-egtb-et-ch3cn-4-4-and-2pdan0no.png Table 4. 1H NMR Chemical Shifts for [Ni2(EGTB-Et)(CH3CN)4]4+ and [Ni(Bipy)2(OAc)]+ in CD3CN Solution at 40 and 10 °C, respectively https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-crystallographic-data-for-ni2-egtb-et-1aulfd1k.png Table 1. Summary of Crystallographic Data for [Ni2(EGTB-Et)(CH3CN)4](ClO4)4·2CH3CN (2) and [Ni(Bipy)2(OAc)]ClO4·2H2O (3) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1h-nmr-spectra-a-spectrum-of-2-in-cd3cn-at-40-degc-kxx4pj15.png Figure 4 1H NMR spectra: (A) spectrum of 2 in CD3CN at 40 °C and (B) spectrum of 3 in CD3CN at 10 °C. Spectrum was referenced to the residual protic solvent signals (*) at 2.26 and 1.92 ppm for water and acetonitrile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-magnitude-1h-cosy-spectrum-of-3-obtained-at-400-17-3hj54m8d.png Figure 6 Magnitude 1H COSY spectrum of 3 obtained at 400.17 MHz (Bruker ARX-400) at 10 °C in CD3CN solution. This spectrum was obtained with an acquisition time of 8 ms and 256 data points in the F1 dimension and 512 data points in the F2 dimension. An unshifted sine-bell squared weighting function and zero-filling to 1024 data points were applied prior to Fourier transformation in both dimensions. Inset: Expanded view of the 8−6 ppm portion of a Magnitude COSY spectrum of 3 highlighting the cross signals for I and J and also for J and K. This spectrum was obtained with an acquisition time of 60 ms and 512 data points in the F1 dimension and 1024 data points in the F2 dimension. An unshifted sine-bell squared weighting function and zero-filling to 2048 data points were applied prior to Fourier transformation in both dimensions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ortep-drawing-of-the-ni2-egtb-et-ch3cn-4-4-cation-3dinox34.png Figure 1 ORTEP drawing of the [Ni2(EGTB-Et)(CH3CN)4]4+ cation showing a partial numbering scheme (carbon and hydrogen atoms are not labeled for clarity). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-bond-lengths-and-bond-angles-for-ni2-egtb-1muu20qe.png Table 2. Selected Bond Lengths and Bond Angles for [Ni2(EGTB-Et)(CH3CN)4](ClO4)4·2CH3CNa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-visible-electronic-absorption-spectra-a-ni2-egtb-et-1t5tz0fk.png Figure 3 Visible electronic absorption spectra: (A) [Ni2(EGTB-Et)(CH3CN)4]4+ and (B) [Ni(bipy)2(OAc)]+ in acetonitrile solution. https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-analogies-to-frequency-selective-surfaces-2p3cd63w2j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-view-of-the-graphene-sheet-waveguide-on-an-mvflwuuy.png Fig. 1. Schematic view of the graphene sheet waveguide on an uneven doped silicon substrate with dielectric spacer between them (a) and the equivalent multilayer structure based on the EIM (b). The permittivities in (a) are assumed as ε1=1 and ε2=1.76. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dependencies-of-transmission-and-reflection-of-the-2kt49a5y.png Fig. 4. Dependencies of transmission and reflection of the analogy to high-reflection coating (Bragg reflector) on number of periods N (a) and chemical potential c (b) by numerical solutions (solid lines) and EIM/TMM (dashed lines). Shown in the inset are the normalized electric field |E| profiles on xz plane for N=9 on the two wavelengths (=7.5 m and =10 m). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-schematic-view-of-graphene-sheet-waveguide-on-the-2p15ok82.png Fig. 3. (a) Schematic view of graphene sheet waveguide on the uneven doped silicon substrate with dielectric spacer between them (only show one and a half periods). (b) The equivalent Bragg reflector based on multilayer dielectric structure by EIM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dependencies-of-the-reflectance-for-the-analogy-to-an-27rcxc1e.png Fig. 2. Dependencies of the reflectance for the analogy to an anti-reflection coating (ARC) on wavelength with various target anti-reflection wavelengths 0 (a) and chemical potentials (b) by numerical solutions (solid lines) and EIM/TMM (dashed lines). Shown in the inset of (b) is the normalized electric field |E| profile on xz plane https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-and-contrast-enhanced-ultrasound-of-22nnwhl293 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-transverse-sonograms-of-thickened-intestinal-loops-1x2felul.png Figure 1 Transverse sonograms of thickened intestinal loops in three cats with intestinal ischaemia due to (a; case 1) duodenal perforating ulcer, (b; case 2) focal jejunal necrotising enteritis and (c; case 4) iatrogenic damage from accidental resection of jejunal arteries. Note the hypoechoic (a,b) asymmetrical and (c) symmetrical intestinal thickening with complete loss of wall layering. The mesentery surrounding the loops appears thickened and hyperechoic (white arrows) and mild effusion is evident (white asterisks) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-transverse-sonograms-of-a-double-jejuno-jejunal-252mslz0.png Figure 2 Transverse sonograms of a double jejuno-jejunal intussusception in a cat (case 3) obtained with (a) micro-convex and (b) linear array probes, respectively. Note the two inner invaginated loops (white single asterisk) and one outer loop (white double asterisks). Mild wall thickening with reduced layering is evident in one invaginated loop (white arrow) on both images. Lu = lumen; FF = free fluid https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-contrast-enhanced-ultrasound-images-of-different-t19qqasv.png Figure 3 Contrast-enhanced ultrasound images of different intestinal ischaemic lesions in four cats after intravenous injection of contrast medium (CM). Each image illustrates contrast enhancement at peak intensity on the left and grey-scale image on the right. (a) Case 1. Duodenal perforating ulcer: transverse sonogram of duodenum (dotted white ring) showing a reduced CM enhancement of the asymmetric thickening (white asterisks) with a central rounded avascular area (light-blue dotted ring) in comparison to the other portion of the wall. (b) Case 2. Focal jejunal necrotising enteritis: oblique sonogram of the same jejunal loop shown in Figure 1b. The asymmetric intestinal wall thickening shows an absence of contrast enhancement (between the light-blue dotted lines) vs the normally perfused adjacent loop (between white dotted lines). Lu = lumen. (c) Case 3. Double jejuno-jejunal intussusception: transverse sonogram of two inner invaginated loops (between the light-blue dotted lines) and one outer loop (between the white dotted lines) with absent and normal CM uptake, respectively. (d) Case 4. Iatrogenic damage from accidental resection of jejunal arteries: longitudinal sonogram of a thickened jejunal loop (between the light-blue dotted lines) showing an absence of CM enhancement https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-blood-flow-velocity-estimation-using-vfujfpqia5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-region-of-interest-roi-is-selected-from-every-us-b-9eak5rus.png Fig. 1. A Region-of-interest (ROI) is selected from every US B-mode image of the blood flow phantom, which covers an area corresponding to 3 mm × 4.2 mm. where x and y represent two successive A-lines from the ROI and s is the lag between these two A-lines. The crosscorrelation coefficient was calculated for each s, and the value s which gives the maximum cross-correlation coefficient between x and y was recorded as their distance shift dxy. This process was done for every pair of successive A-lines in the ROI and the dxy with the highest frequency of occurrence (i.e., the mathematical mode) was considered to be the overall distance shift of the ROI, which is dROI. Given the line increment of scanning, which is represented by dincre, the apparent angle θa of speckle pattern was calculated as: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representation-of-the-difference-between-apparent-1kwpxh67.png Fig. 2. Representation of the difference between apparent blood flow angle and actual blood flow angle. “Burst” makers show actual position of an individual scatterer, and round circles show where the scatterer is interpreted as existing in the space. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-speckle-size-of-the-aligned-blood-flow-image-1mg5kups.png Fig. 4. The speckle size of the aligned blood flow image collected by different scan velocities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-apparent-angle-of-the-speckle-pattern-of-the-blood-34cnb1mz.png Fig. 5. Apparent angle of the speckle pattern of the blood flow data (41, 65 and 98 cm/s) collected by different scan velocities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-each-roi-is-aligned-by-cross-correlation-and-the-3r8u83ql.png Fig. 3. Each ROI is aligned by cross-correlation, and the apparent flow angle θa is calculated during alignment. https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-cellular-automaton-model-for-the-evolution-4n553x6z21 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-idem-table-3-for-t-dependence-21nraai3.png Table 4: Idem Table 3 for τ dependence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-amplitude-of-the-fluctuations-of-the-xrt-synthetic-2c1zf32x.png Fig. 6.— Amplitude of the fluctuations of the XRT synthetic intensity as a function of the number of strands used in the model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-power-law-distribution-of-nanoflare-energies-1jlqdc1u.png Fig. 7.— Power-law distribution of nanoflare energies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-description-of-the-cellular-automaton-evolution-see-kxu4j4te.png Fig. 2.— Description of the cellular automaton evolution (see Section 2 for details). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-description-of-the-model-see-section-2-for-2k7x27th.png Fig. 1.— Schematic description of the model (see Section 2 for details). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-log-log-plots-of-the-nanoflare-energy-versus-relevant-35gu12rc.png Fig. 3.— Log-log plots of the nanoflare energy versus relevant parameters of the model. The lines correspond to linear regressions of the plotted points. Line slopes from the regressions are provided in the corresponding panels (see Section 3.1 for details). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-temperature-evolution-for-different-nanoflare-energies-1ic4mdp8.png Fig. 8.— Temperature evolution for different nanoflare energies and loop lengths. Energy (e), loop length (L) and nanoflare durations (τ) are provided on top of the upper panels. Upper panels: single nanoflares. The dashed horizontal lines indicate the 61% and 14% of the maximum temperature levels. Lower panels: evolution for 5 identical nanoflares separated by 1000 s times. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-idem-figure-3-for-the-plasma-temperature-and-density-7t25295n.png Fig. 4.— Idem Figure 3 for the plasma temperature and density obtained with the EBTEL code (see Section 3.1 for details). https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-buoyancy-driven-thermal-mixing-in-a-18wz8xquex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-histories-of-v-0-7150-a-showing-the-oscillatory-fj96rkvr.png FIG. 3. Time histories of v −0.715,0 a showing the oscillatory growth of the instability and b the long term stable oscillatory pattern at Ra=1.2 106 and Pr=0.71. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-coordinates-of-the-various-spatial-points-at-which-21ef56lj.png TABLE III. Coordinates of the various spatial points at which the time history of the flow variables is recorded. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-mixing-characteristics-as-represented-by-thermal-and-26fujykz.png FIG. 16. Mixing characteristics as represented by thermal and normalized enstrophy norms at Ra=5000. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-instantaneous-isotherm-patterns-showing-the-different-3udthw9f.png FIG. 17. Instantaneous isotherm patterns showing the different stages of the development of a thermal at Ra=6500. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-time-history-of-v-velocity-in-the-vent-during-the-2nttqmzw.png FIG. 18. Time history of v velocity in the vent during the thermal generation phase at Ra=6500. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-27-time-histories-of-temporal-coefficients-of-the-2m8xa79o.png FIG. 27. Time histories of temporal coefficients of the leading four POD modes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-sketch-showing-the-formation-of-a-thermocline-with-2ojo5y7b.png FIG. 4. a sketch showing the formation of a thermocline with line sources of buoyancy and b isotherm pattern for Ra=1500 at =4.0 depicting the penetration of the thermal into the enclosures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-streamline-pattern-for-ra-500-at-2-0-18ssipr2.png FIG. 5. Streamline pattern for Ra=500 at =2.0. https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-clusters-of-liquid-4-he-43sguzi7v7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-energy-per-particle-in-k-for-2d-4he-puddles-for-2nu1argq.png TABLE II. Energy per particle~in K! for 2D 4He puddles for various cluster sizes obtained with the DM algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-energies-per-particle-in-k-of-n-atom-puddles-as-a-p3n8p1rc.png FIG. 1. Energies per particle~in K! of N-atom puddles as a function ofN21/2, obtained from our VMC ~squares! and DMC ~circles! calculations. The interaction used is Aziz HFD-B~HE!. Dashed and solid lines correspond to a least-squares fi these energies. The dot-dashed line is a strai line between theN58 and bulk DMC values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-parameters-of-a-fermi-profile-fit-to-the-density-pr-13vlwqcx.png TABLE IV. Parameters of a Fermi-profile fit to the density pr files. All lengths are in Å andr f is in Å 22. The parametern is adimensional. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-variational-results-for-the-ground-state-energy-p-ygfafuzm.png TABLE I. Variational results for the ground-state energy p particleE/N of 2D 4He puddles of various cluster sizes. The co fining HO parametera is given in Å21 and all energies are in K The expectation values of the kinetic and the potential energies also displayed. The column labeled KC refers to the VMC result Ref. 7. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-coefficients-in-k-of-a-parabolic-fit-of-the-mass-44h0etjz.png TABLE III. Coefficients ~in K! of a parabolic fit of the mass formula, as given in Eq.~6!. The last column displays the deduce line tension~in K Å21). https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-contingency-tables-with-both-completely-and-kmdz3e83xc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-of-premature-infants-cross-classified-according-16mci1fq.png Table 2 Data of Premature Infants Cross-classified According to Apgar Index and Serum Bilirubin Level with Supplemental Margins https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-underlying-probabilities-for-a-2-x-2-table-with-two-24sxv1bb.png Table 1 Underlying Probabilities for a 2 x 2 Table with Two Sets of Partially Classified Margins https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-dipolar-bose-gas-with-the-roton-maxon-admq9bq7dh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-excitation-energy-ek-of-a-quasi-2d-dipolar-bec-as-a-33msp4wa.png FIG. 2. Excitation energy εk of a quasi-2D dipolar BEC as a function of momentum k for several values of kr . The solid curve (krξ = 1.84) shows a monotonic dependence εk , the dotted curve (krξ = 1.96) is εk with the roton-maxon structure, and the dashed curve (krξ = 2.08) corresponds to a dynamically unstable BEC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-dipolar-bose-einstein-condensate-tightly-98ylh4nk.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate tightly confined in one direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-noncondensed-fraction-as-a-function-of-krx-for-mg-4ph2-27ubllnh.png FIG. 3. Noncondensed fraction as a function of krξ for mg/4πh̄2 = 0.01 (ξ/r∗ = 100/krξ ). A similar increase in the noncondensed fraction with decreasing roton energy was found in numerical calculations in Ref. [28]. https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-cu-deposition-on-pt-100-and-stepped-surfaces-4h0m1bp69h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-copper-and-palladium-catalyzed-aromatization-of-a-2jr1i4dk.png Table 2. Copper- and palladium-catalyzed aromatization of α-tetralones 5 to methyl 1- hydroxynaphthoates 1.a https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-correlation-analysis-for-x-ray-photoelectron-4azarqe7ry 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-retrieved-electron-binding-energy-for-isopropanol-1y3xc1sc.png Figure 4. Retrieved electron binding energy for isopropanol. Top: previous measurement from reference [24] taken with a narrow bandwidth x-ray source. Bottom: traditional XFEL XPS measurement (blue, see text) and spectral domain ghost imaging (red). We have corrected the transmission in the two bottom curves. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-dimensional-reconstruction-of-the-isopropanol-i7w3jyv3.png Figure 3. Two-dimensional reconstruction of the isopropanol spectral response, using the traditional method (left) and the spectral domain ghost imaging analysis (right). The white lines show the locations of 6a, 7a, 8a triplet as measured by a monochromatized x-ray source in reference [24]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-spectrometer-resolution-on-spectral-29olu4tz.png Figure 5. Effect of spectrometer resolution on spectral-domain ghost imaging reconstruction. The incident x-ray spectrum is convolved with a Gaussian kernel with width of 1 eV, 2 eV, 3 eV, and 4 eV respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-reduced-statistics-on-the-spectral-domain-2olcf9hg.png Figure 6. Effect of reduced statistics on the spectral-domain ghost imaging technique. A randomly selected subset of the data (number of shots denoted above each panel) is analysed according to equation (5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-applicability-of-spectral-domain-xps-to-pump-probe-2phkpbhp.png Figure 7. Applicability of spectral domain XPS to pump/probe studies. Spectral domain ghost imaging reconstruction with measured x-ray photon spectra and a simulated ground truth consisting of a primary Gaussian peak and a secondary Gaussian peak with a height at a small fraction of the main peak. We convert the 2D result to 1D binding energy plot and show the absorption against the binding energy on the right panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-panel-a-gives-a-schematic-representation-of-ghost-2np4gfjx.png Figure 1. Panel (a) gives a schematic representation of ghost imaging experiments in the spectral domain. A noisy light source is split into two beams: reference (upper line) and signal, or bucket (lower line). The spectral content of the reference beam is analyzed and compared with a measurement of the signal beam. The signal beam is not spectrally dispersed, rather only the total transmission through the sample is recorded, hence the term, bucket. By comparing fluctuations in the transmission with changes in the incident spectrum, the absorption of the sample can be inferred. Panel (b) shows the experimental layout used in this work. SASE pulses at a central photon energy of ∼500 eV are incident on gaseous isopropanol molecules introduced into the interaction chamber by an effusive gas needle. The photoelectrons are collected with a hemispherical electron analyser (Scienta EW4000). The incident x-ray spectrum is measured after the sample by a constant line spacing x-ray spectrometer. The low gas density and low interaction cross section for the isopropanol sample results in negligible absorption of the transmitted x-rays, thus the x-ray spectrum at the photon spectrometer matches the incoming spectrum. The total absorption can be determined from the total electron yield measured in the electron analyzer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-illustration-of-the-two-dimensional-3kyyad55.png Figure 2. Schematic illustration of the two-dimensional spectral ghost imaging model. The single-shot electron spectra make up the rows of the two-dimensional bucket b. Each spectrum is the product of the incoming photon spectra (which make up the rows of the matrix A), and the two-dimensional target response function x. https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-echocardiography-estimates-of-fetal-3zio0xx4b3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-the-present-study-to-previously-be9kqx0k.png Table 3: Comparison of the present study to previously published studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-normal-range-for-fetal-ventricular-mass-3ukbqxin.png Table 2a: Normal Range for Fetal Ventricular Mass https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fetal-cohort-characteristics-1d5codqt.png Table 1: Fetal Cohort Characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-dynamics-of-a-free-molecular-chain-with-a-3fczedo1pl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-two-component-soliton-profiles-given-by-the-3agrgttc.png FIG. 4. The two-component soliton profiles given by the longitudinal (un) and transverse (vn) displacements. The initial profile ~at t50) has been found by the minimization of the function~80! and it is represented by dots. The final profile~solid lines! is a result of evolution of this profile@according to the equations of motion ~4!# when the soliton has passed 100 000 chain sites~at time t545 348.8). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-inelastic-interaction-of-the-stretching-solitons-under-15sn2ytz.png FIG. 5. Inelastic interaction of the stretching solitons under their head-in collision with velocitys51.102 57 (h50.1, k15k251, anda5b50). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dependence-of-the-dimensionless-frequenciesvac-op-290qqpjz.png FIG. 2. Dependence of the dimensionless frequenciesVac,op ~solid lines! and VL,T ~dashed lines! on the dimensionless wave numberk for the zig-zag chain with the parameters~a! h51/4 ~the case of positive dispersion ofVop at smallk) and ~b! h53/4 ~the case of negative dispersion ofVop at smallk). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-inelastic-head-in-collision-of-two-compression-3po78g60.png FIG. 11. Inelastic head-in collision of two compression solitons with velocitys/s051.01 (h51/2A3,k151 andk250.1,a50, and b50.01). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-elastic-head-in-collision-of-two-compression-solitons-1lymj5jt.png FIG. 10. Elastic head-in collision of two compression solitons with velocity s/s051.1 (h51/2A3, k151 andk250.1,a50, and b50.1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-dependence-of-the-energye-the-diameterd-and-the-2wol7obo.png FIG. 8. Dependence of the energyE, the diameterD, and the amplitudesAL andAT of the compression soliton on its velocity at b50.01. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-two-component-profiles-of-the-compression-soliton-3mk618pn.png FIG. 9. The two-component profiles of the compression soliton represented by the displacement fieldsun andvn . The initial profile ~shown by dots! at t50 has been found by the minimization procedure while the final profile~solid lines! has been obtained as a result of time evolution of this initial profile after the passage of 100 000 chain sites~at t5143 826.8). The soliton velocity is given by s/s051.1; the other parameters areh51/2A3, k151 and k250.1,a50, andb50.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-profiles-of-a-longitudinal-and-b-transverse-3is51hue.png FIG. 3. The profiles of~a! longitudinal and~b! transverse displacements for the stretching soliton in the zig-zag chain with h50.1, k15k251, anda5b50, including ~c! schematic representation of the chain deformation. The dashed lines show the soliton profiles obtained as a result of solving the sixth-order algebraic equation~68!. The solid lines represent the result of solving the minimization problem for the function~80! at the velocity s5s251.102 59,s1. https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-ferromagnet-semiconductor-transition-metal-4al53unk8y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-spin-polarized-band-structures-of-hvs2-8gmnilz3.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Spin polarized band structures of hVS2/MoS2-AB for (a) D = 2.4 Å, (b) the equilibrium position, and (c) tVS2/MoS2-fcc-II at the equilibrium position. The MoS2 derived conduction and valence bands in the hybrid systems are indicated by white dotted curves. (d) Band-gap variation (black) and spin splitting at the point (red) of MoS2 and WS2 as a function of the interface separation from D = 2.4 Å to the respective equilibrium position. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-spin-polarized-partial-density-of-states-1n89rvp4.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Spin polarized partial density of states for VS2, MoS2, and WS2 in hVS2/MoS2-AA and hVS2/WS2-AA for (a), (c) an interface separation of 2.4 Å and (b), (d) the equilibrium position. In (b) and (d) the p-type Schottky barrier heights ( B,p) are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-binding-energy-per-interface-metal-atom-2yb6obvj.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Binding energy per interface metal atom as a function of the interface separation (D) in (a) hVS2/MoS2, (b) hVS2/WS2, and (c) tVS2/MoS2. The equilibrium positions are indicated by stars. (d) Side views of the nonequivalent configurations of hVS2/MoS2 and tVS2/MoS2. Yellow, gray, and red balls represent S, Mo, and V atoms, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-a-schematic-diagram-of-the-schottky-rfg84ksf.png FIG. 6. (Color online) (a) Schematic diagram of the Schottky barrier formation. (b) Schottky barrier height as a function of the vertical compressive pressure in hVS2/MoS2-AB (circles) and tVS2/MoS2-fcc-II (squares). The lines represent the results obtained from Eq. (3). (c) Interface dipole (μIS) and (d) MoS2 VBM upshift ( ) as a function of D from 2.4 Å to the respective equilibrium positions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-spin-polarized-band-structures-of-a-hvs2-rpknncmp.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Spin polarized band structures of (a) hVS2 and (b) tVS2. Red and blue lines correspond to the spin majority and minority bands, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-total-energy-etot-normalized-energy-difference-e-284grroi.png TABLE I. Total energy (Etot, normalized), energy difference ( E) between spin degeneracy and polarization, in-plane lattice constant (a), V-S bond length (dV−S), layer thickness (dS−S), magnetic moment (M), and work function ( ) in the trigonal prismatic (hVS2) and octahedral (tVS2) phases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-a-plane-averaged-difference-of-the-19hxrsss.png FIG. 5. (Color online) (a) Plane-averaged difference of the electron density, ρ(z), for hVS2/MoS2-AB at the equilibrium position. The positions of the atoms are indicated, q is the charge transfer, and MV is the magnetic moment of the V atom. (b) q (black) and MV variation ( MV , blue) as a function of the interface separation in hVS2/MoS2-AB. https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-impedance-imaging-of-cell-migration-and-45l00g10vm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-the-theoretical-four-point-cell-constants-dotted-1nao5022.png Fig. 5 (a) The theoretical four point cell constants (dotted lines) approximating the electrodes as 2D points worked well to model the experimentally determined cell constants. The error bars are to scale. The parameter a is the distance between the origin and the injection electrodes, and the b parameter is the distance from the origin to the pick-up electrode. (b) Bipolar spectra of the impedance between the 1st and the 16th electrodes. The low frequency part was used to extract parameter values for the electrode interface impedance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-micrographs-of-the-cell-culture-growing-on-the-1rhh773u.png Fig. 6 (a) Micrographs of the cell culture growing on the device surface, where the cells on the electrodes have been removed mechanically. The thin vertical lines are the 5 mm platinum electrodes. The agglomerations in the top image are differentiated cells. (b) The apparent resistivities for six electrode configurations having different probe depths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-photograph-of-the-device-with-the-cell-culture-chamber-aj2crs2g.png Fig. 1 Photograph of the device with the cell culture chamber. The electrode array consisted of 16 linear electrodes, 5 mm wide and 4 mm long, patterned on a glass substrate mounted on a PCB. The cells grow over the entire chip surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-a-schematic-of-the-tetrapolar-measurement-10chm2h1.png Fig. 2 (a) A schematic of the tetrapolar measurement configuration. As the distance between the pick-up electrodes decreases, the measured impedance will decrease since the potential difference decreases, but the measurement will also become more sensitive to changes deep inside the sample. (b) A custom instrumentation amplifier was used to buffer and then subtract the potentials at the two pickup electrodes. The difference was fed into the high potential port of the Agilent 4294A, the low potential port was connected to the virtual ground provided by the current measurement port. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-time-lapse-impedance-imaging-of-cell-migration-from-1islcvoe.png Fig. 8 Time-lapse impedance imaging of cell migration from the left to the right over a time period of 23 hours. The cells are more resistive than the surrounding medium and therefore appear as dark regions in the image. The average RMS error in the inversion was 20.3%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-as-the-cells-moved-across-the-pick-up-electrodes-the-qnb03v6y.png Fig. 7 (a) As the cells moved across the pick-up electrodes the impedance increased. (b) Plotting the midpoint of the electrode configuration versus the time at which the apparent resistivity had reached a certain value, the migration speed could be determined. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-equivalent-circuit-for-the-tetrapolar-measurement-the-21hblgba.png Fig. 3 Equivalent circuit for the tetrapolar measurement. The electrode impedances and stray capacitances were determined through calibration measurements, whereas all of the sample-dependent elements were modelled analytically. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bode-plots-of-the-tetrapolar-measurements-in-kcl-hha5i7ff.png Fig. 4 Bode plots of the tetrapolar measurements in KCl solutions of different conductivities (solid lines) and the fits based on the equivalent model (dotted lines). The only free variable is the resistivity r. https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-index-modulation-for-the-large-scale-multi-5554fh6xth 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-transmitter-architecture-of-the-novel-cs-gsfim-15r0kiva.png Fig. 2. The transmitter architecture of the novel CS-GSFIM scheme of Fig. 1 at the user terminal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-average-ber-performances-of-the-iteratively-3l2idcce.png Fig. 11. The average BER performances of the iteratively detected halfrate RSC-coded system shown in Fig. 1 based on the detection of (24) in conjunction with the parameters of Scheme 14 shown in Table V and an interleaver depth of 300, 000 bits while using IIO = 1 to 4 iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-between-the-uncoded-ber-performances-of-3oavftxl.png Fig. 6. Comparison between the uncoded BER performances of Scheme 3 and Scheme 4 for LS-MU-MIMO-UL scenario using both the MMSE detector and the proposed RSS-IMP detector having I = 1 to 3 iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-contrasting-of-the-contributions-3gb8msrx.png TABLE I CONTRASTING OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-summary-of-system-trade-offs-3ficvxkz.png TABLE VI SUMMARY OF SYSTEM TRADE-OFFS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-a-look-up-table-example-of-cs-im-for-k-2-and-nv-4-1zfo57vn.png TABLE II A LOOK-UP TABLE EXAMPLE OF CS-IM FOR K = 2 AND Nv = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-a-look-up-table-example-of-sm-mapping-for-nt-4-nat-34hmlafx.png TABLE III A LOOK-UP TABLE EXAMPLE OF SM/MAPPING FOR Nt = 4, Nat = 1, L = 2 AND K = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-relationship-of-the-diverse-system-components-1qvawwml.png Fig. 13. Relationship of the diverse system components affecting the different design trade-offs. https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-numerical-model-for-steam-water-flow-in-a-1s4gugdvs5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-droplet-vapor-velocity-distribution-near-centerline-32wr9dnp.png Fig, 4. Droplet-Vapor Velocity Distribution Near Centerline https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-droplet-trajectories-near-transition-region-1bg7a6df.png Fig. 3. Droplet Trajectories Near Transition Region https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-typical-computational-coll-1lhzj5cm.png Fig. 2. Typical Computational Coll https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pressure-coefficient-distribution-1bxadxmr.png Fig. 5. Pressure Coefficient Distribution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-field-grid-system-np3i1p00.png Fig. 1. Flow Field Grid System https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-measurement-of-n-p-asymmetrical-junctions-in-13wv0tbne9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-dc-dv-vs-and-b-corresponding-c-vs-spectra-taken-3etukzq9.png Figure 5. (a) dC/dV-Vs and (b) corresponding C-Vs spectra taken around the junction area, pixel by pixel. Corresponding locations are indicated in Fig. 4. (c) Zoom of Fig. 5 (b) to highlight the valley of the C-Vs curves. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-afm-and-corresponding-scm-images-taken-on-a-cross-1ksvsvgv.png Figure 8. AFM and corresponding SCM images taken on a cross section of the textured mc-Si cell, showing that emitter doping is uniform and conformably follows the surface texture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-electrical-potential-profiles-taken-along-the-38ug7a9o.png Figure 6. (a) Electrical potential profiles taken along the junction of the untextured mc-Si cell under the various Vbs. (b) Potential difference between the Vbs and Vb=0. (c) Vb-induced changes in the electric field by taking the first derivative of the potential profiles in Fig. 6(b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-potential-profiles-in-the-bulk-b-potential-33i60spj.png Figure 7. (a) Potential profiles in the bulk; (b) potential difference between various Vbs and Vb=0; (c) electric field and Vb-induced field changes, as simulated for the untextured cell using PC1D and SIMS doping profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-afm-and-b-corresponding-potential-images-taken-on-128w8ify.png Figure 9. (a) AFM and (b) corresponding potential images taken on a cross section of the textured mc-Si cell. (c) Image of electric field amplitude using the first 2D derivative of the potential. The stripe in (c) indicates the junction shape and location. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sims-p-and-b-doping-concentrations-measured-on-n-p-cad60pbo.png Figure 1. SIMS P and B doping concentrations measured on n+-p mc-Si cells with untextured and textured surfaces. The doping profile of the former is well defined, in contrast to the latter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scm-line-profiles-taken-along-the-junction-of-the-11dun587.png Figure 2. SCM line profiles taken along the junction of the untextured cell, illustrating the change in the SCM dC/dV profile with Vs applied between the probe and sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-zoom-of-fig-3-around-the-junction-area-vertical-d8a86k28.png Figure 4. Zoom of Fig. 3 around the junction area. Vertical solid lines indicate the locations where the spectra are shown in Fig. 5. Vertical dashed lines indicate SIMS MJ and simulated EJ locations. https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-packing-with-conflicts-ld7xh0eq3i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-analysis-of-maximum-weights-of-bins-and-reductions-n4d1srco.png Table 3: Analysis of Maximum weights of bins and reductions in the different preprocessing steps https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-alternative-packing-2hxuirk3.png Figure 2: Alternative packing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-algorithm-sixeleven-3bjn8cim.png Figure 1: Algorithm SixEleven https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-set-of-blue-items-is-good-sixeleven-packs-all-vc70r6he.png Table 1: The set of blue items is good: SixEleven packs all large blue items in one bin https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-blue-large-items-are-placed-in-two-bins-1itwpxel.png Table 2: the blue large items are placed in two bins https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-r-z-plasma-wave-absorption-and-poynting-flux-1h9gfv4dde 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-power-flow-and-power-absorbed-by-the-electrons-for-the-15l5r97l.png Fig. 4. Power flow and power absorbed by the electrons for the experimentally obtained, axially decaying, plasma density profile for the dominant m = +1 mode andB0 = 800 G, f = 13:56 MHz, andp = 1 mtorr. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-power-flow-and-power-absorbed-by-the-electrons-due-to-xgl7iizl.png Fig. 3. Power flow and power absorbed by the electrons due to collisionless Landau and collisional damping of the TG and H waves for them = +1 mode andB0 = 110 G, ne0 = 5 1011 cm 3, f = 13:56 MHz, and p = 1 mtorr. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-power-flow-and-power-absorbed-by-the-electrons-due-to-18e5oll6.png Fig. 2. Power flow and power absorbed by the electrons due to collisional damping of the TG and H waves for them = +1 mode,B0 = 110 G, ne0 = 5 10 11 cm 3, f = 13:56 MHz, andp = 1 mtorr. https://scispace.com/papers/two-directional-1-g-visual-motion-sensor-inspired-by-the-fly-2q6y6leztx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-top-view-of-the-1-gram-microcontroller-based-visual-158x4mb4.png Fig. 1. Top view of the 1-gram microcontroller-based visual motion sensor (size: 23.3 × 12.3 mm) with its lens (focal length: 2 mm) mounted on the one-dimensional 6-photosensor array, and bottom view of the PCB (thickness: 0.4mm) with its tiny low-power 16-bit µC (dsPIC from Microchip c© Company). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-specifications-of-the-visual-motion-sensor-rkpwdtmf.png TABLE II SPECIFICATIONS OF THE VISUAL MOTION SENSOR https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-test-bed-used-to-assess-the-performances-of-the-first-3tb5qlym.png Fig. 4. Test bed used to assess the performances of the first sensory fusion method of the visual motion device based on a 6-pixel 1-D array. The visual motion sensor was placed at an orthogonal distance Dh from a piece of wallpaper (forming a printed belt), at an arbitrary angle α between the direction of the wall motion (~Vwall) and the main sensor axis. The printed belt depicting a natural colored panorama (inset) was stretched between two drums actuated thanks to a motor and a V-belt. The printed belt was made to move horizontally in a pre-determined preferred direction in front of the visual motion sensor at an angular speed ωwall. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-general-processing-architecture-of-the-improved-14brqp4z.png Fig. 6. General processing architecture of the improved sensory fusion method based on 10 LMSs. The visual signals delivered by the photoreceptors are filtered and thresholded by the LMSs to determine the angular speeds ωm i+/− using the “time of travel” scheme in the two directions of motion [30], [31], [38], [65]. The visual motion is measured in the opposite direction by reversing the inputs to each LMS. A rate limiter function filters out any median angular speed measurement that changes too fast. The motion direction and magnitude ωmaxmedian are estimated based on a simple algorithm, using the maximum median value of the angular speed ωmmedian+ and ω m median− computed from the 5 LMSs in the 2 directions of motion. A sliding window removes any motion direction error by selecting the direction occurring more than 8 times among the last 16 detected motion directions. This improved sensory fusion method allows to measure the motion magnitude efficiently in the [−350 ◦/s;−80 ◦/s]∪ [80 ◦/s; 350 ◦/s] range and to determine the direction of motion without any prior knowledge. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dynamic-indoor-responses-of-the-visual-motion-sensor-1y3kukh7.png Fig. 5. Dynamic indoor responses of the visual motion sensor. The visual motion sensor was placed at an orthogonal distance Dh = 24 cm from a moving printed belt lined with a colored natural panorama depicting either bushes and trees or a laboratory. The visual motion sensor was placed at 2 different orientation angles α = 60◦ and α = 80◦ between the direction of the wall motion (~Vwall) and the main sensor axis to check that each LMS measures visual motion in its own visual field [see (4)]. The printed belt was moved using a triangular law giving a triangular pattern of angular speed variations involving a series of velocity ramps with different slopes ranging from 27 ◦/s to 230 ◦/s (α = 60◦) and from 28 ◦/s to 312 ◦/s (α = 80◦) [see (3)]. (a), (d) , (g) and (j) Dynamic indoor responses of each LMS in the visual motion sensor placed at an orientation angle α = 60◦ [(a) and (d)] and α = 80◦ [(g) and (j)]. Note that each LMS output differed from the others because of the different orientations of the LMS visual axes in the sensor’s FOV as expected according to (4). (b), (e), (h), and (k) Dynamic indoor responses in terms of median values in comparison with those predicted by the main contributor, along with the standard deviation error (Stderror) and refresh rate (frefresh) characteristics. (c), (f) , (i), and (l) Vertical bar graph showing which LMS in the visual motion sensor was the main contributor to the median value computed. (m) and (n) The natural colored panorama depicted on the printed belt (Fig. 4) used to assess the visual motion sensor’s performances. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-dynamic-and-static-indoor-responses-of-the-visual-1jo35qgx.png Fig. 8. Dynamic and static indoor responses of the visual motion sensor placed at an orthogonal distance Dh = 24 cm from the moving wall at an angle α = 90◦. The static indoor characteristics of the visual motion sensor were assessed by applying 30 ◦/s steps (lasting 15s) to the printed belt in the [−315 ◦/s;−105 ◦/s] ∪ [105 ◦/s; 315 ◦/s] range. The mean visual motion recorded at each angular speed ωwall is plotted in the figure with its standard deviation. The best linear approximation obtained in each experiment was computed, and the departure from linearity is given as a percentage. The dynamic responses of the visual motion sensor were assessed at two different irradiance values of 5 × 10−3 W · cm−2 and 2.5 × 10−2 W · cm−2 with the two printed panoramas. The printed belt was moved using a triangular law giving a triangular pattern of angular speed variation involving a series of velocity ramps ranging from −300 ◦/s to 300 ◦/s. A fusion algorithm based on the maximum median value of the two opposite directions was used to determine the magnitude ωmaxmedian and the direction of the angular speed. (a) and (b) Static indoor characteristics of the visual motion sensor. With both panoramas, the visual motion sensor yielded accurate median angular speed measurements with only a small LinearityError of less than 1% and an excellent Std of less than 7 ◦/s. (c)-(f) Dynamic indoor responses of the median angular speed ωmaxmedian of the visual motion sensor, along with the standard deviation error (Stderror) and refresh-rate (frefresh) data. With the printed belt depicting bushes and trees [Fig. 8(c) and (e)], the results showed a small dispersion of less than 10 ◦/s and the refresh rate increased from 50.6 Hz to 74.5 Hz with the irradiance. With the printed belt depicting a laboratory, the results show that the dispersion was less than 7 ◦/s, and the refresh rate again increased with the irradiance from 39.7 Hz to 62.1 Hz. (g) and (h) The natural colored panorama depicted on the printed belt (Fig. 7) used to assess the visual motion sensor’s performances. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-test-bed-used-to-assess-the-performances-of-the-visual-3cabokda.png Fig. 7. Test bed used to assess the performances of the visual motion device including the 10 LMSs and the motion direction detection unit. The visual motion sensor was placed at an orthogonal distance Dh = 24 cm from a printed belt. In this case, the angle α between the direction of the wall motion (~Vwall) and the main sensor axis was α = 90◦. The belt printed with a natural colored panorama depicting either bushes and trees or a laboratory, was stretched between two drums actuated by a motor and a V-belt: the belt could be made in this case to rotate either clockwise or anticlockwise. The panorama was therefore made to move horizontally in either direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-scheme-of-the-test-bench-used-to-determine-the-1edkf51j.png Fig. 2. (a) Scheme of the test bench used to determine the Gaussian ASFs of the 6-photosensor array obtained by slowly rotating the visual motion sensor mounted on the motor shaft of a stepper motor and placed at a distance D = 50 cm in front of a fixed point light source. (b) Raw Gaussian ASFs of the photosensor array. https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-wetting-the-role-of-atomic-steps-on-the-4c3293wbxx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-phase-afm-image-obtained-in-acoustic-tapping-mode-of-397l7inb.png FIG. 5. a Phase AFM image obtained in acoustic tapping mode of a BaF2 111 surface obtained by cleavage along the 1̄10 direction. The image shows a detail of a water meniscus between two steps forming an angle of 15° evidencing two different contact angles. At the step along the 1̄10 crystallographic direction the contact angle is lower more hydrophilic than at the step at 15° from this direction. A scheme indicating the relevant angles and directions is shown in b . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-topographic-afm-images-obtained-in-acoustic-tapping-203pzqe1.png FIG. 6. Topographic AFM images obtained in acoustic tapping mode of BaF2 111 surfaces obtained by cleavage and then immersed in water for different times: 20 s, 1 min, 5 min, and 60 min. For immersion times higher than 15 s triangular pits produced by water etching can be observed. The directions of the triangles correspond to 1̄10 crystallographic directions. For large immersion times triangular as well as hexagonal step structures can be observed. All images were taken at RT and low humidity conditions RH 10% . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-and-b-topographic-afm-images-obtained-in-acoustic-r5qv96n2.png FIG. 1. a and b Topographic AFM images obtained in acoustic tapping mode of BaF2 111 surfaces obtained by cleavage along the 112̄ and 1̄10 directions, respectively. All images were taken at 21 °C and RH 10%. Schemes showing the relevant directions, crystallographic and cleavage, are shown on top of the images. c Histogram of the distribution of angles between 1̄10 and other step directions for surfaces cleaved along the 1̄10 direction. d Representation of triangular steps on a BaF2 111 surface forming angle of 15° left and 30° right , respectively. Fluorine and barium ions are represented by green and yellow balls, respectively, while the surface is represented by gray balls. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-topographic-left-and-phase-right-afm-images-taken-at-bvduk9op.png FIG. 2. Topographic left and phase right AFM images taken at ambient conditions T=21 °C and RH 45% in acoustic tapping mode of a BaF2 111 surfaces obtained by cleavage along: a the 112̄ direction and b and c the 1̄10 direction . In c steps running along 1̄10 and 112̄ are indicated by A and B, respectively, highlighting different wettability behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-phase-afm-images-of-the-evolution-with-increasing-3v9ly4j9.png FIG. 4. a Phase AFM images of the evolution with increasing water coverage of water film structures on a highly stepped BaF2 111 surface. Images were taken at RT and RH 50%. Increasing water coverage was induced by the AFM tip. b Optical microscopy images of a BaF2 111 surface obtained by cleavage along the 1̄10 direction. Images were taken at constant ambient RH 55% and variable sample temperatures, indicated in the figure. As temperature decreases the relative humidity close to the surface increases and water adsorbs on the surface forming patterns very similar to the patterns formed by water bilayer patches observed using AFM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-topographic-afm-images-obtained-in-acoustic-tapping-30q37oef.png FIG. 3. a Topographic AFM images obtained in acoustic tapping mode of BaF2 111 surfaces obtained by cleavage along the 1̄10 directions. The images, 1 – 3 , show the evolution after sequential scanning on the same region. The acquisition time per image is 170 s. Image 4 corresponds to a zoom of the central region of 1 . The perturbation induced by the scanning tip can be observed in the formation of the different structures. b SPFM left and KPFM right images taken on a BaF2 111 surface. All images were taken at 22 °C and 50% RH. https://scispace.com/papers/two-faces-of-the-other-race-effect-recognition-and-424tk18wuq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-percentage-accuracy-sd-and-reaction-time-in-373asiz8.png Table 1 Mean Percentage Accuracy (SD) and Reaction Time in Milliseconds (SD) of Chinese and Caucasian Participants for Chinese and Caucasian Faces in the Recognition and Categorization Tasks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1piig5o9.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-hierarchical-regression-analysis-of-3vs0npn8.png Table 2 Summary of the Hierarchical Regression Analysis of the Other-Race Recognition Disadvantage https://scispace.com/papers/two-groups-of-pinus-cembra-forest-communities-in-the-tatras-14m6f1jadw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-initial-dendrogram-of-the-non-carbonate-2db9vo6f.png Fig. 1. The initial dendrogram of the non-carbonate phytocoenoses. Group numbers (1–4) are identical with the numbers of the respective final association (see Table 1). Numbers in brackets indicate changed relevé classification according to non-hierarchical clustering of the dataset https://scispace.com/papers/two-fluid-modeling-of-bubbly-flows-around-surface-ships-22wblvox9e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-free-surface-elevation-of-rv-athena-at-10-5-knots-a-1tofxkya.png Fig. 2. Free surface elevation of RV Athena at 10.5 knots: (a) Overview of predicted free surface contoured by elevation; (b) Time averaged profiles of elevation at 2m and 4m aft of ship transom. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-void-fraction-close-to-the-free-surface-for-rv-athen-2p1op9cj.png Fig. 8. Void fraction close to the free surface for RV Athen in straight ahead motion (right) and during a steady turn (left). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-top-predictions-of-void-fraction-close-to-the-free-270v1z55.png Fig. 9. Top: predictions of void fraction close to the free surface for RV Athen in straight ahead (right) and steady turn (left) motion. Bottom: Corresponding sea test pictures of the bubbly wake taken along a similar orientation for same ship motions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-a-rough-air-water-interface-1ysv9wc4.png Fig. 1. Schematic of a rough air/water interface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-time-averaged-void-fraction-aft-of-the-transom-stern-3pfa9cd3.png Fig. 5. (a) Time-averaged void fraction aft of the transom stern along the ship’s center plane, at a ship speed of 9 knots; (b) Enlarged view of the region close to the transom, that is the boxed part of (a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-predicted-and-measured-void-fraction-distributions-2m-18vnyt8i.png Fig. 6. Predicted and measured void fraction distributions 2m aft of the transom along the ship’s center plane, as a function of depth for straight ahead ship speeds of of 6 knots (top), 9 knots (center) and 10.5 knots (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-predicted-rate-of-air-entrainment-close-to-the-free-k6y2mlau.png Fig. 4. Predicted rate of air entrainment close to the free surface for RV Athena at 9 knots: (a) Overall view in which the entrainment at the transom is clearly seen; (b) Magnified view of the masker; (c) Magnified view of the hull-air-water contact line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-predicted-rate-of-air-entrainment-close-to-the-free-3h6w81nk.png Fig. 7. Predicted rate of air entrainment close to the free surface for RV Athena in a steady turn: (a) Overall view in which non-symmetric air entrainment at the transom is clearly seen; (b) Magnified view of the masker; (c) Magnified view of the hull-air-water contact line. https://scispace.com/papers/two-groups-of-red-giants-with-distinct-chemical-abundances-2qg8mmjppv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-calibrated-element-abundances-from-apogee-rw7izxh1.png Figure 4. Calibrated element abundances from APOGEE measurements as a function of atomic number for NGC 6553 stars. Cluster members are labelled with different colours. The IDs of the elements are shown at the bottom, where C Iand Ti IIare offset by 0.5 atomic number for clarity. Note that six stars with the ‘N_WARN’ flag (except star 5; Table 1) have no calibrated N abundances. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-differential-reddening-corrected-cmd-of-ngc-6553-24wqdmyz.png Figure 3. Differential reddening-corrected CMD of NGC 6553 from PSF photometry of VVV imaging, supplemented with bright stars from 2MASS. The cluster fiducial sequence is indicated as a red solid line. The grey dots are stars within 1.5Rt (tidal radius), and the black dots are stars within the half-light radius. APOGEE targets inside 1.5Rt are colour-coded as in Fig. 1. Cluster members and non-members determined in this paper are labelled by filled circles and crosses, respectively. See text for more details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-si-fe-versus-al-fe-symbols-are-explained-in-figs-5-3esjxpuk.png Figure 8. [Si/Fe] versus [Al/Fe]. Symbols are explained in Figs 5 and 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-al-fe-versus-mg-fe-we-also-plot-the-measurements-1rjy7w11.png Figure 7. [Al/Fe] versus [Mg/Fe]. We also plot the measurements and uncertainties from J14 (grey squares) and AB06 (green triangles). The rest of the symbols are explained in Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-al-fe-versus-na-fe-symbols-are-explained-in-figs-5-2o1yrmzs.png Figure 9. [Al/Fe] versus [Na/Fe]. Symbols are explained in Figs 5 and 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-iron-peak-elements-as-a-function-of-fe-h-symbols-3vwj7rlk.png Figure 12. Iron-peak elements as a function of [Fe/H]. Symbols are explained in Figs 5 and 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-twogenerations-of-stars-in-the-parameter-space-of-c-10uioa9c.png Figure 5. Twogenerations of stars in the parameter space of [C/Fe], [C I/Fe], [N/Fe] (raw), [O/Fe], and [Na/Fe]. The presumed FG stars are labelled as blue circles, and the SG stars are labelled as red circles. The error bars indicate the measurement errors. The cyan stars are pure yields from the metal-rich AGBmodels of Ventura et al. (2013). The primordial abundances are labelled with ‘P’, and the initial mass of the stars in solar mass units are indicated by numbers. See text for more details about the models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-n-c-raw-as-a-function-of-ks-teff-and-log-g-the-fg-1tr92nwz.png Figure 6. [N/C] (raw) as a function of Ks, Teff, and log g. The FG stars are labelled as blue circles, while the SG stars are labelled as red circles. https://scispace.com/papers/two-lowland-tropical-spodosols-from-the-fiji-islands-first-55hgzhcpyk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-134yc2um.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2vwibbc7.png TABLE 3 https://scispace.com/papers/two-modal-action-patterns-with-a-continuous-temporal-57fhpkalvs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-frequency-histogram-of-the-durations-of-modifier-1o88c9bg.png Fig. 2: Frequency histogram of the durations of modifier events, derived from a sample of 12,015 keystrokes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-frequency-histogram-of-the-durations-of-digging-events-1vckajh5.png Fig. 1: Frequency histogram of the durations of digging events. The total sample size was 29,124 acts, derived from 10.5 h of observation on each of 12 subjects https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-factor-matrix-of-frequency-scores-for-all-behaviors-3uawj8d7.png Table I : Factor matrix of frequency scores for all behaviors, following varimax rotation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-difference-histogram-indicating-the-esti-0-90-mated-12ut1pno.png Fig. 3: Difference histogram, indicating the esti- 0.90 mated distribution function of scoops. Residues of the 0.75 50 pick distribution that were 45 .O edited off are shown with 40 https://scispace.com/papers/two-neutron-capture-reactions-and-the-r-process-3rwrt3bxl7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-final-r-process-abundance-distributions-in-neutron-3se60k2z.png FIG. 7. Final r-process abundance distributions in neutron-star merger models. Models are shown for calculations with (solid lines) and without (dashed line) dineutron capture and without any 6He reaction flow(dotted line). Effects of the capture flow through 6He are most apparent for nuclides with A < 130. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-n-n-scattering-cross-section-as-calculated-from-3k72mfs4.png FIG. 1. The n-n-scattering cross section as calculated from the neutron-neutron scattering length ann = −18.6 fm for a radius of r = 2.8 fm [27]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-abundances-of-12c-and-14c-isotopes-versus-time-in-a-1zalz7dq.png FIG. 8. Abundances of 12C and 14C isotopes versus time in a neutron-star merger model with T9 = 1.0, α = 1.0, Ye = 1.5. Effects of the capture flow through 6He are clearly apparent for earlier stage of nucleosynthesis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-reaction-rate-for-the-dineutron-capture-4he-2n-g-6he-29e07g1j.png FIG. 3. Reaction rate for the dineutron capture 4He(2n, γ )6He reaction compared with the previously determined reaction rate for a sequential two-neutron capture 4He(2n, γ )6He mechanism. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cross-section-for-the-dineutron-capture-reaction-on-2hwmt8h7.png FIG. 2. Cross section for the dineutron capture reaction on 4He compared to the n-n-scattering cross section. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-calculated-cross-section-for-the-6he-a-n-9b-reaction-2leuz0v7.png FIG. 4. Calculated cross section for the 6He(α, n)9B reaction as a function of energy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-reaction-rate-for-the-6he-a-n-9b-reaction-as-a-151ieb5e.png FIG. 5. Reaction rate for the 6He(α, n)9B reaction as a function of temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-resonance-level-parameters-in-the-compound-nucleus-3gl96sa1.png TABLE I. Resonance level parameters in the compound nucleus 10Be for the 6He(α, n)9Be reaction rate. https://scispace.com/papers/two-new-australian-species-of-stethynium-hymenoptera-1wl45e70gb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-8-9-stethynium-spp-8-s-ophelimi-male-genitalia-arsm3m5y.png Figures 8, 9. Stethynium spp. (8) S. ophelimi, male genitalia, dorsal. (9) S. breviovipositor sp. n., wings. https://scispace.com/figures/figures-4-7-stethynium-ophelimi-4-female-body-lateral-5-3h8p1goc.png Figures 4–7. Stethynium ophelimi. (4) Female body, lateral. (5) Holotype, head, anterior, and antenna. (6) Male head and antenna. (7) Male mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal. https://scispace.com/figures/figures-18-19-18-leaf-of-eucalyptus-camaldulensis-with-heavy-1eog7vc3.png Figures 18, 19. (18) Leaf of Eucalyptus camaldulensis with heavy infestation of Ophelimus maskelli galls. (19) Leaf of E. camaldulensis showing four intact O. maskelli galls, two galls with emergence holes (bottom right), and two dissected galls (left), one of which contains an unemerged adult Stethynium sp. (arrow). https://scispace.com/figures/figures-14-17-stethynium-breviovipositor-male-14-antenna-15-3trt8glz.png Figures 14–17. Stethynium breviovipositor, male. (14) Antenna. (15) Mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal. (16) Mesosoma and metasoma, lateral. (17) Genitalia, lateral. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-mean-sd-stethynium-adult-longevity-days-as-affected-69mw5n56.png Table II. Mean (¡SD) Stethynium adult longevity (days) as affected by feed treatment at 25uC and 75% relative humidity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-effect-mean-sd-of-ophelimus-maskelli-development-1gyjwrt9.png Table I. Effect (mean¡SD) of Ophelimus maskelli development stage on offspring production and development time of Stethynium spp. https://scispace.com/figures/figures-10-13-stethynium-breviovipositor-female-10-antenna-2a9h33u4.png Figures 10–13. Stethynium breviovipositor, female. (10) Antenna. (11) Mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal. (12) Body, lateral. (13) Head, anterior. https://scispace.com/figures/figures-1-3-stethynium-ophelimi-sp-n-female-1-wings-2-359oobk8.png Figures 1–3. Stethynium ophelimi sp. n., female. (1) Wings. (2) Antenna. (3) Holotype, mesosoma+metasoma, dorsal. https://scispace.com/papers/two-new-in-plane-torsion-tests-for-the-investigation-of-self-s0dz151phf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-astm-shear-test-1d9ywi9p.png Figure 3: ASTM shear test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-finite-element-analysis-results-for-the-samshear-200t5ozt.png Figure 10: Finite element analysis results for the SAMSHEAR test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-pure-shear-strain-validation-from-measured-strain-3ttn8z1b.png Figure 24: Pure shear strain validation from measured strain gauges placed on the pure shear disc specimen https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-pure-shear-strain-validation-from-measured-strain-12s2mawx.png Figure 25: Pure shear strain validation from measured strain gauges placed on the openshaped disc specimen https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-comparison-between-the-experimental-and-the-1vbimjxq.png Figure 26: Comparison between the experimental and the theoretical shear stress for both geometries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-finite-element-analysis-results-for-the-pure-shear-3r1i9m46.png Figure 14: Finite element analysis results for the pure shear disc specimen https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-rosettes-strain-gauges-positioning-1gsmd1uy.png Figure 20: Rosettes strain gauges positioning https://scispace.com/figures/figure-31-comparison-of-the-crossland-criterion-between-the-1sqam62x.png Figure 31: Comparison of the Crossland criterion between the regular strategy, i.e. considering two load ratio R = −1 and R = 0.1, and the original strategy, i.e. considering one load ratio set at -1 and the pure shear fatigue limit https://scispace.com/papers/two-new-organotin-iv-phosphoryl-complexes-crystal-structure-4b66d9sskh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-view-of-part-of-crystal-structure-of-ii-in-which-1b0xqgne.png Fig. 6 A view of part of crystal structure of (II) in which intermolecular N–H…Cl hydrogen bond produced the one-dimensional polymeric chain. Only H atoms involved in hydrogen bonds are shown https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-the-various-contacts-contributions-to-the-gjzc31cz.png Table 4 Summary of the various contacts contributions to the Hirshfeld surface area in (I) and (II) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-selected-bond-lengths-a-and-angles-deg-for-complex-2nn5mv6r.png Table 3 Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles (°) for complex (II) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-asymmetric-unit-of-i-is-shown-8sdilxgd.png Fig. 1 Asymmetric unit of (I) is shown https://scispace.com/papers/two-novel-procedures-for-aggregating-randomized-model-1qtu4aa29q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-characteristics-and-parameters-of-the-two-case-2xf9vdaw.png Table 1. Main characteristics and parameters of the two case studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-5b-loviisa-case-study-comparison-of-md-and-tm-2ufr2bh2.png Table 5b. Loviisa case study: comparison of MD and TM aggregation methods on undisturbed and disturbed training and test signals https://scispace.com/figures/table-5a-forsmark-3-case-study-comparison-of-md-and-tm-vdq2bp1f.png Table 5b. Loviisa case study: comparison of MD and TM aggregation methods on undisturbed and disturbed training and test signals https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ensemble-reconstruction-performance-indexes-obtained-39ipium8.png Table 2. Ensemble reconstruction performance indexes obtained with SM, MD and TM aggregations on undisturbed and disturbed signals for the Loviisa and Forsmark-3 case studies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-groups-and-ensembles-reconstruction-errors-for-3gdrimm0.png Figure 2. Groups and ensembles reconstruction errors for signal 163 (undisturbed) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-forsmark-3-case-study-average-pca-model-outcomes-3ji5lnsn.png Figure 4. Forsmark-3 case study: average PCA model outcomes distances versus difference between ensemble reconstruction errors by TM and MD, computed using the training (left) and test (right) sets, respectively, on undisturbed (dark dots) and disturbed (light dots) signals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sketch-of-the-first-novel-procedure-for-combining-1jrh4lrm.png Figure 6. Sketch of the first novel procedure for combining the MD and TM aggregation methods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-multi-group-ensemble-approach-to-signal-11a0z76z.png Figure 1. The multi-group ensemble approach to signal reconstruction https://scispace.com/papers/two-of-a-kind-are-norms-of-honor-a-species-of-morality-44z4wmalg0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sequential-hawk-dove-game-assuming-2c-v-the-only-1dhef6g6.png Figure 2. Sequential hawk-dove game. Assuming 2c > v, the only equilibrium is (Aggress, Submit). https://scispace.com/papers/two-party-generation-of-dsa-signatures-3p0uf4rx0u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-verification-of-p-2d0sor9t.png Fig. 5. Verification of Π ′ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-construction-of-p-2trcr61e.png Fig. 4. Construction of Π ′ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-verification-of-p-25gwgn1r.png Fig. 3. Verification of Π https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-construction-of-p-3ogehwbo.png Fig. 2. Construction of Π https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-s-dsa-shared-signature-protocol-14kg8r91.png Fig. 1. S-DSA shared signature protocol https://scispace.com/papers/two-phase-bubble-flow-and-convective-mass-transfer-in-water-4m9wkshr8w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-processed-image-for-2-l-min-2w5nhljs.png Fig. 3. Processed image for 2 L/min https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-aquired-image-for-2-l-min-4xh7vtsc.png Fig. 2. Aquired image for 2 L/min https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-with-dynamicstudio-for-2-l-min-glcekt9s.png Table 1 – Results with DynamicStudio for 2 L/min https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-uncertainties-20pjfcaq.png Table 2 – Experimental uncertainties https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-experimental-setup-2z30cwzh.png Fig. 1. Schematic of experimental setup https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-actual-and-modeled-sherwood-number-at-3-l-min-3hbulb80.png Fig. 10. Actual and modeled Sherwood number at 3 L/min https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-thus-the-following-equation-was-obtained-based-on-2lzgyjww.png Table 4. Thus, the following equation was obtained based on the dimensional analysis: https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-various-parameters-influencing-mass-transfer-3dc9hibt.png Table 3 – Various parameters influencing mass transfer https://scispace.com/papers/two-phase-rtd-cmos-pipelined-circuits-4gwmhzfreg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-normalized-pav-and-area-comparison-11s7lto2.png TABLE II. NORMALIZED PAV AND AREA COMPARISON https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-two-phase-scheme-maximum-frequency-of-operation-for-l7x3e0k9.png Fig 4. Two-phase scheme. Maximum frequency of operation for different values of abs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-boundaries-for-tr-var-u2vv5uj1.png TABLE I. BOUNDARIES FOR TR,VAR https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-block-diagram-of-the-fabricated-two-phase-chain-of-sawemeuy.png Fig 3. (a) Block diagram of the fabricated two-phase chain of inverters. (b) Measured waveforms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-block-diagram-of-a-single-phase-clock-scheme-3no7x87s.png Fig 2. (a) Block diagram of a single-phase clock scheme interconnection of four MOBILE stages. (b) Block diagram and clock waveforms of the twophase counterpart. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rtd-mobile-circuits-a-rtd-i-v-characteristic-and-fuwaboz6.png Fig 1. RTD MOBILE circuits. (a) RTD I-V characteristic and symbol and simulation model. (b) Basic MOBILE. (c) Rising edge-triggered MOBILE inverter. (d) Falling edge-triggered MOBILE inverter. https://scispace.com/papers/two-photon-frequency-comb-spectroscopy-of-atomic-hydrogen-2ip473odsf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-experimentally-obtained-distribution-of-kh2-dof-2q6zft18.png Figure 4.3.: Experimentally obtained distribution of χ2/dof (black) assuming shot noise as the only noise source and the theoretical χ2/dof distribution (red). The grey lines are Monte Carlo simulations assuming shot noise only and the observed less-than-perfect correlation between the signal (DF) and normalization (DB). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-20-residual-first-order-doppler-shift-measured-at-3ammqw4b.png Figure 5.20.: Residual first-order Doppler shift measured at the atomic frequency relative to the final result of this work determined by correcting each line scan for all other systematic shifts including the extrapolated systematic shifts due to the CIFODS (κDS), the second-order Doppler (κSOD), the AC-Stark (κAC) and the pressure shift (κPS), using the results of the global fit in table 4.1. As for the final analysis, only the 4.5 K, 7.0 K, 15 K and 30 K data are used to identify a possible linear dependence on the most probable velocity v0 = √ 2kBT/m of the atoms. Fitting a linear function (blue line with 1σ confidence interval) results in Doppler slope of +0.3(1.2) Hz/(m/s) and an intercept of −0.03(48) kHz. The error bars are obtained from a weighted average of lines scans that are assumed to be subject to shot noise only. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-hydrogen-energy-diagram-showing-levels-with-2c8orhnf.png Figure 1.1.: Hydrogen energy diagram showing levels with principal quantum number n ≤ 3. The energy differences are not true to scale. From left to right the development from Bohr/Schrödinger, Dirac to QED is shown. The hyperfine structure is shown only for the relevant states for two-photon excitation from the ground state n = 1 to n = 3. Allowed two-photon transitions for the 1S–3S experiment, which is the subject of this work, are displayed with red arrows (compare fig. 3.2). The degenerate mj magnetic sublevels of the total angular momentum are not shown. Spectroscopic notation is used, where S, P, D correspond to l = 0, 1, 2, total angular momentum excluding nuclear spin is given by the subscript and F is the total angular momentum including nuclear spin. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-11-ratio-of-line-amplitudes-ai-at-d1-19-1-mm-and-d2-2wnsys6n.png Figure 5.11.: Ratio of line amplitudes Ai at d1 = 19.1 mm and d2 = 27.1 mm distance between the PCV center and the hydrogen nozzle as a function of temperature (blue circles). The ratio is temperature independent with an overall average of 2.10(8) (blue line with 1σ confidence interval). This agrees well with the expectations (27.1 mm/19.1 mm)2 = 2.01, if the atoms emerge from the rear inner wall of the nozzle and in strong disagreement with the assumption that atoms are emerging from the front orifice of the nozzle (17.1 mm/9.1 mm = 3.53). The error bars shown here are the standard deviations of the data for the given temperature, because the uncertainty due to shot noise is much smaller. The stability of this ratio over the course of the whole measurement period gives us confidence that the long term average atomic flux is also stable. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-error-budget-of-the-1s-f-1-3s-f-1-measurement-all-1d91t7ox.png Table 5.1.: Error budget of the 1S(F = 1)-3S(F = 1) measurement. All values in kHz. “Average effect” is the weighted mean calculated using (5.49). The uncertainties marked with * have been determined through (5.50). Adding the first 5 rows of the last column quadratically results in 0.52 kHz, which agrees well with the uncertainty of f0 given in table 4.1. The uncertainty of the nonlinear contribution of the second-order Doppler (SOD) shift is taken into account by increasing the experimental error bars with the q = 2 . . . 4 model uncertainties as described in section 5.3. We add all uncertainties in this table quadratically to obtain the final uncertainty of 0.72 kHz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-9-the-pulse-collision-volume-pcv-that-is-shown-in-eim3r1s7.png Figure 3.9.: The pulse collision volume (PCV) that is shown in red (also in fig.3.1), resembles an ellipsoid with semi–axis w0 = 80 µm and cT1/2 = 600 µm. It is surrounded by a Faraday cage made of a highly transmissive mesh and two ring electrode. Employing the quadratic DC–Stark shift we can put tight limits on stray electric fields by applying voltages to the cage in all three directions and determining the minima of the resulting line shifts (see supplemental material). Four lenses image the fluorescence from the whole PCV and its ends to multimode fibres (1 mm and 600 µm diameter) that guide the light through interference filters onto three independent single–photon counting modules; one main j = 1 and two auxiliary j = 2, 3. With this arrangement we can interpolate the chirp induced residual first order Doppler effect (CIFODS). At the other side of the nozzle, the Doppler broadened signal is collected with four bare fibres of 1 mm core diameter that are in close proximity to the laser and atomic beam. As the Doppler broadening is well in excess of the mode spacing, this signal is independent of the laser frequency and used for normalization. This effectively removes significant fluctuations of the laser power and the atom number flux. Since the Doppler free and the Doppler broadened signal scale in the same way with laser power, the normalized line amplitudes can be used as a measure of the atom number flux. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-4-an-interferogram-zygo-newview-7300-of-the-output-30cav635.png Figure A.4.: An interferogram (Zygo NewView 7300) of the output coupler M2 (top left), the extracted surface profile (top right) and a cross section along the x–axis (bottom, blue) together with the fit (bottom, red) are shown. A two-dimensional sphere has been fitted using eq. A.2. From the fit we extract the radius of curvature R = 497.1 mm. With the same procedure we obtain for the input coupler M1 R = 494.3 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-a-scheme-of-the-uv-enhancement-cavity-of-the-1s-1ket815j.png Figure A.1.: A scheme of the UV enhancement cavity of the 1S–3S experiment together with a beam profiler/power meter to measure the intensity profile of the transmitted beam and the transmission of the output coupling mirror is shown (cf. fig. 3.1 in section 3) The two-mirror linear cavity and the MgF2 window are in vacuum. HR mirror M3 (205 nm, 45◦, plane) and 90% PR mirror M4 (205 nm, 5◦, plane) guide the transmitted light onto the cam/power meter. A 90% reflecting mirror is used to transmit some light for the dither lock. https://scispace.com/papers/two-price-zones-for-the-german-electricity-market-market-3c7qmq2c69 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-zonal-generation-levels-for-two-price-zones-and-jnviuobp.png Table 2: Zonal generation levels for two price zones and change compared to one price zone https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hourly-trade-flows-north-to-south-and-south-to-317r3nvg.png Figure 2: Hourly trade flows north to south (-) and south to north (+) over the year 2015 (Jan-Dec) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-generation-capacities-and-peak-load-for-2012-and-34d3fh7i.png Table 1: Generation capacities and peak load for 2012 and change in 2015 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spatial-electricity-data-for-the-german-electricity-20s289x6.png Figure 1: Spatial electricity data for the German electricity sector in 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-zonal-re-dispatch-levels-per-technology-35ab60i2.png Table 3: Zonal re-dispatch levels per technology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-re-dispatch-in-2015-for-the-single-and-two-price-29f0qd6f.png Figure 4: Re-dispatch in 2015 for the single and two price zones https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-implication-of-line-extension-on-zonal-re-dispatch-24nyn2nn.png Figure 5: Implication of line extension on zonal re-dispatch https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-re-dispatch-for-different-ntc-levels-with-up-and-3li0z42x.png Figure 3: Re-dispatch for different NTC levels with up- and down-regulation in the two bidding zones https://scispace.com/papers/two-photon-spectroscopy-of-dipole-forbidden-transitions-ii-78kf0hvmdr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-experimental-and-theoretical-results-for-anthracene-32mfp2wo.png TABLE IV. Experimental and theoretical results for anthracene. Excitation energies (EE) are in 1000 em-I and {) in gm. Experimental f values are from Ref. 26. Experimental {) values are from Ref. 34. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-experimental-and-theoretical-results-for-hexatriene-3qrh4kb6.png TABLE V. Experimental and theoretical results for hexatriene Excitation energies (EE) are in 1000 cm-! and 6 in gm. [The ,6 values from Ref. 6 are calculated using g(w) = 10-14 sec.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-experimental-and-theoretical-results-for-stilbene-19nkg6vd.png TABLE VI. Experimental and theoretical results for stilbene. Excitation energies (EE) are in 1000 cm-! and (; in gm. (; values from Refs. 12 and 40 (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relative-two-photon-cross-sections-for-the-first-six-1swbt8rm.png FIG. 1. Relative two-photon cross sections for the first six lA, - nA, transitions of stilbene as a function of the number (N) of intermediate states of increasing energies. The values obtained for 200 intermediate states are taken as 100%. Upper part: Eq. (6); lower part: Eq. (9). https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-comparison-of-experimental-and-calculated-35rm65cs.png TABLE VIII. Comparison of experimental and calculated absolute 6 values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-experimental-and-theoretical-results-for-benzene-35icrnip.png TABLE II. Experimental and theoretical results for benzene: Excitation energies (EE) are in 1000 cm-1 and 0 in gm. Experimental f values are from Ref. 26. Experimental 0 values are from Refs. 10 and 25 (see text). https://scispace.com/papers/two-pulse-orientation-dynamics-and-high-harmonic-1t7ymbrnwd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-three-dimensional-revival-maps-as-function-of-the-1qtk84sd.png Figure 5. Three dimensional revival maps as function of the delay between the two pump pulses ∆t1 and as function of the delay between the one-color pump pulse and the probe pulse ∆ttot. (a) Revival map of the 9th harmonic order reflecting the alignment dynamics. (b) Revival map of the 16th harmonic order reflecting the orientation dynamics. (c)-(e) calculations of the orientation dynamics decomposed into the odd- and even-J contributions and their sum (upper panels) and plots of 〈cos θ〉2 (lower panels) for three different delays ∆t1 between the two pump pulses. The delays ∆t1 for which calculations were carried out in panels (d) and (e) are marked by white dahed lines in panel (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-high-harmonic-generation-from-14wyfufc.png Figure 2. Illustration of high-harmonic generation from oriented molecules. (a) Harmonic emission in adjacent half cycles from oriented molecules leads to the emission of different electric fields due to the different recollision sides. (b) Absence of modulation of the 9th harmonic order as function of the two-color delay (c) Modulation of the 10th harmonic order as function of the two-color delay. The data in (b) and (c) is taken from Ref. [40]. (d) Schematic representation of the electric field of the two-color pump pulse for three exemplary two-color delays assuming γ = 1. (e) Definition of the axis system, the reference axis being either the polarization of the orientation pulse or that of the HHG pulse. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-illustration-of-the-concepts-of-two-pulse-1lv9bsz9.png Figure 4. Illustration of the concepts of two-pulse orientation by calculated values of alignment and orientation parameters for CO. (a) Calculated evolution of the odd- and even-J contributions to the oriented wave packet dynamics and their sum measured by 〈cos θ〉. Although no net orientation is obtained, the odd- and even-J contributions show the strongest orientation at the rotational half revival (around 4.3 ps). (b) Calculated time evolution for the odd- and even-J contributions to the aligned wave packet dynamics and their sum measured by 〈cos2 θ〉. The odd-J contributions align at the rotational quarter revival (2.15 ps) and can thus be oriented more strongly than the even-J contributions when the two-color pump pulse is delayed by Trot/4 with respect to the one-color pump, resulting in enhanced net orientation. The figure is adapted from Ref. [44]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-molecular-parameters-for-co-20v0waf2.png Table 1. Molecular parameters for CO https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-molecular-parameters-for-ocs-2wdtmnd8.png Table 2. Molecular parameters for OCS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mechanisms-of-field-free-molecular-orientation-2tp73olh.png Figure 7. Mechanisms of field-free molecular orientation illustrated for OCS with a delay ∆t1 between the two pump pulses of 20.68 ps. (a) Time-evolution of 〈cos θ〉2 for both mechanisms active and for the hyperpolarizability interaction only. (b) Time-evolution of 〈cos θ〉2 for both mechanisms active and for the ionization-depletion mechanism only. It is clearly recognizable that the hyperpolarizability interaction is almost exclusively responsible for orientation with the two-pulse scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-high-harmonic-spectra-of-oriented-co-molecules-a-2mjixbn8.png Figure 3. High-harmonic spectra of oriented CO molecules. (a) Spectrum of CO oriented with the two-pulse scheme. (b) Spectrum of CO obtained with the onepulse orientation scheme. The even harmonic emission is weaker by a factor of ∼9 compared to panel a. (c) Calculated time evolution of 〈cos θ〉 (upper panel) and 〈cos θ〉2 (lower panel) for the two-pulse scheme. (d) Measured integrated intensity of the 18th harmonic order as function of the two-color-pump-to-probe delay ∆t2 for the two-pulse scheme. The figure is adapted from Ref. [44]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-calculation-of-the-high-harmonic-spectra-of-zlgocv53.png Figure 8. Calculation of the high-harmonic spectra of oriented CO molecules. (a) Experimental and simulated intensity envelopes of the odd harmonic orders and of the even-to-odd ratio. The experimental error bars lie within the width of the markers. (b) Calculated amplitude of the photorecombination matrix elements as function of the alignment angle θ and harmonic order for an electron recombining from the positive side of the z axis shown in Fig. 2e. (c) Calculated phase of the photorecombination matrix elements. (d) Phase contribution from the Stark effect. (e) Sum of the phase contributions from the photorecombination matrix element and the Stark effect (Eq. (10)). (f) Phase difference between recombination from opposite sides of the molecule (0 and π rad) with and without the Stark-phase contribution. (g) Simulated even-to-odd ratio with and without the Stark phase contribution shown together with the experimental ratio. The error bars represent a 95% confidence interval with standard deviations estimated from the signal fluctuations of the isotropic sample. https://scispace.com/papers/two-rule-based-building-block-architectures-for-policy-based-1otir2da6n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-execution-order-of-building-blocks-in-the-label-3nzrsgno.png Fig. 6. Execution order of building blocks in the label-connection model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-model-using-the-pipe-connection-architecture-27d5p7cx.png Fig. 2. A model using the pipe-connection architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-core-interface-configuration-for-an-af-service-1zkdftw8.png Fig. 8. Core interface configuration for an AF service https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-label-connection-model-3heu0g89.png Fig. 3. A label-connection model https://scispace.com/papers/two-photon-rabi-oscillations-22lq979t4s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-number-n-of-t-t-pulses-for-increasing-laser-power-2y2sbo8d.png FIG, 4. The number n of t t pulses for increasing laser power https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-shows-the-one-color-two-photon-signal-for-a-detuning-jzcn26db.png FIG. 5. (a) shows the one-color two-photon signal for a detuning https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-two-color-two-photon-rabi-oscillations-for-fixed-25ivkiag.png FIG. 6 . Two-color two-photon Rabi oscillations for fixed values https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-number-of-n-of-nr-pulses-obtained-for-the-various-2hd3vauo.png FIG. 8 , The number of n of nr pulses obtained for the various https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-two-color-two-photon-rabi-oscillations-obtained-for-46j7nneb.png FIG. 7. Two-color two-photon Rabi oscillations obtained for https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-energy-level-schemes-of-bare-molecular-states-left-and-26yk5una.png FIG. 1. Energy-level schemes of bare molecular states (left) and https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-in-the-first-column-the-initial-m-a-values-are-21wsikrn.png TABLE II. In the first column the initial M a values are speci https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-values-for-the-effective-dipole-moment-d-ahd-hc-and-1xcyzjys.png TABLE I. Values for the effective dipole moment d ahd hc and the resultant transition dipole strength d Q https://scispace.com/papers/two-qubit-entanglement-dynamics-for-two-different-non-2ka1y173p9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nonperfect-pbg-case-l1-10l2-5001-concurrence-as-a-1eykgcwa.png Figure 2. Nonperfect PBG case: λ1 = 10λ2 = 5001. Concurrence as a function of the dimensionless quantity 01t starting from the initial state ρ̂8(0)= |8〉〈8| with α = β = 1/ √ 2 for different values of 02: 02 = 01 (solid curve), 02 = 02/3 (dotted curve), 02 = 201/3 (long-short-dashed curve), 02 = 0 (long-short-short-dashed curve). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nonresonant-cavity-l-0-10-concurrence-as-a-function-qxwkfdsz.png Figure 1. Nonresonant cavity: λ= 0.10. Concurrence as a function of dimensionless quantities 0t starting from the initial state ρ̂9(0)= |9〉〈9| with α = 1/ √ 3 for different values of detuning 1: 1= 0 (solid curve), 1= 2λ (dotted curve), 1= 5λ (long-short-dashed curve), 1= 8λ (long-short-short-dashed curve). https://scispace.com/papers/two-scale-microstructure-dynamics-5zyns4dpqh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pulse-shape-in-hard-soft-intermediate-soft-hard-double-3irvt20k.png Fig. 1. Pulse shape in “hard-soft-intermediate-soft-hard” double structure laminate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dispersion-curves-for-ga1-0-4-g1-0-5-solid-lines-4spnm0xp.png Fig. 4. Dispersion curves for γA1 = 0.4, γ1 = 0.5: solid lines — microstructure model, dashed lines — asymptotes to dispersion curves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dispersion-curves-of-eq-40-for-ga1-ga2-0-4-g1-0-5-g2-0-mm3wzggt.png Fig. 3. Dispersion curves of Eq. (40) for γA1 = γA2 = 0.4, γ1 = 0.5, γ2 = 0.3, η2 = 2: solid lines — concurrent microstructure model, dashed lines — asymptotes to dispersion curves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pulse-shape-in-hard-intermediate-soft-intermediate-3ufqgcco.png Fig. 2. Pulse shape in “hard-intermediate-soft-intermediate-hard” double structure laminate. https://scispace.com/papers/two-semantics-for-cep-no-double-talk-complex-event-1ve1csnsoz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-generic-definitions-of-the-relative-timer-events-used-xcbk3i0i.png Fig. 3 Generic definitions of the relative timer events used in the program P in Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-input-relations-for-the-cera-expressions-for-the-7v7hzchu.png Fig. 2 Input relations for the CERA expressions for the program P in Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-fixed-interpretation-for-conditions-in-the-where-3jho919a.png Fig. 14 Fixed interpretation for conditions in the where clause used in Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-entailment-of-the-relative-timer-events-in-xchangeeq-2szn5ta8.png Fig. 13 Entailment of the relative timer events in XChangeEQ used in Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cera-expression-for-the-second-rule-of-the-program-p-3dij5gbv.png Fig. 5 CERA expression for the second rule of the program P in Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cera-expression-for-the-third-rule-of-the-program-p-in-1vbpvde5.png Fig. 6 CERA expression for the third rule of the program P in Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-equations-for-finite-differencing-250j4i2u.png Fig. 11 Equations for finite differencing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-correspondence-between-tuples-and-substitutions-9vp94hio.png Fig. 15 Correspondence between tuples and substitutions https://scispace.com/papers/two-sets-of-books-at-city-hall-grading-the-financial-reports-55bcddkwgf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-total-spending-budget-versus-annual-report-ranked-by-2diwjuiv.png Table 2: Total Spending, Budget Versus Annual Report, (Ranked by Spending in 2015 Annual Report) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-surplus-of-canadian-municipalities-ranked-by-total-2fxz7bin.png Table 3: Surplus of Canadian Municipalities Ranked by Total Spending in Annual Report, 2015 https://scispace.com/papers/two-sided-matching-in-the-loan-market-46uknwdevz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-uic5dgyj.png Table 2. Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proportions-of-loans-in-different-combinations-of-3t703v36.png Figure 1. Proportions of Loans in Different Combinations of Size Groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-maximum-score-estimates-of-match-value-function-2i5wtibp.png Table 5. Maximum Score Estimates of Match Value Function: Baseline https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ols-firm-size-on-bank-characteristics-1typedrf.png Table 4. OLS: Firm Size on Bank Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ols-bank-size-on-firm-characteristics-3lfac5m0.png Table 3. OLS: Bank Size on Firm Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-maximum-score-estimates-of-match-value-function-22os0924.png Table 9. Maximum Score Estimates of Match Value Function: Alternative Definition 2 of Prior Loan Dummy* https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-maximum-score-estimates-of-match-value-function-22ke8lwd.png Table 8. Maximum Score Estimates of Match Value Function: Alternative Definition 1 of Prior Loan Dummy* https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variable-definitions-m9h0vckw.png Table 1. Variable Definitions https://scispace.com/papers/two-stage-decisions-increase-preference-for-hedonic-options-qgjijrpj7n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mediation-analysis-in-study-2b-133342g1.png FIGURE 3: MEDIATION ANALYSIS IN STUDY 2B https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mediation-analysis-in-study-2a-1vjfjczy.png FIGURE 2: MEDIATION ANALYSIS IN STUDY 2A https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mediation-analysis-in-study-3b-1vnxdbhc.png FIGURE 4: MEDIATION ANALYSIS IN STUDY 3B https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-choice-share-of-hedonic-candidate-in-study-1-75s9mahf.png FIGURE 1: CHOICE SHARE OF HEDONIC CANDIDATE IN STUDY 1 https://scispace.com/papers/two-simple-criteria-to-estimate-an-objective-s-performance-1r3p72ih89 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-axial-sections-of-the-systems-3d-psf-from-now-on-3b6jrpb8.png Figure 2. Axial sections of the system’s 3D PSF (from now on simply ‘PSFs’) obtained by integration of the adapted G&L model (eq. 10 and 11) for the extreme case of the objective being directly immersed in the clearing medium ( ); a range of clearing medium refractive indices are explored using a 0.50 NA water immersion objective (20x, ). The point source lies on the optical axis at a distance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-images-of-fluorescent-neurons-acquired-by-immersing-nzkkyzwx.png Figure 7. Images of fluorescent neurons, acquired by immersing the objective in a clearing solution of mismatched RI, degrade according to modeling predictions. Fluorescent neurons from the spinal cord of an early postnatal Galanin-eGFP+/+ mouse [16] were imaged with 0.3 NA and 0.5 NA water immersion objectives. The cells shown here were located near the cut surface of the horizontally hemisected spinal cord, to allow unobstructed visualization in aqueous (i.e. design) solution when the tissue is opaque. (Top panels) tissue was fixed and immersed in design medium (phosphate buffered saline, PBS; ). As expected from computed PSF elongations (figure 6) and the approximations of eq. 15-16 the higher NA objective was able to resolve finer neuronal processes: 0.3 NA, , ; 0.5 NA, , https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-modelled-optical-configuration-when-imaging-in-q1qhbmev.png Figure 1. The modelled optical configuration when imaging in mismatched solutions. (A) Diagram of the optical configuration modelled in this study, with the notation originally used by G&L [4] and simplified to assume a coverslip of zero thickness. (B) This shows the particular case when the coverslip-objective distance is zero, which corresponds to the case of an objective being directly immersed in the tissue clearing medium. (C) The same model shown in panel A with our redefined notation and relevant parameters required for evaluating imaging quality using our closed form approximations (see Criteria 1 and 2). : numerical aperture of the objective; : objective design immersion medium RI; : tissue sample clearing medium RI; : objective working distance in design medium; : objective working distance in clearing medium; : coverslip-objective distance when viewing at the desired depth in the sample (if the objective is directly immersed in the clearing medium this is zero); : fluorescence emission wavelength. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-imaging-resolution-degrades-proportionally-to-the-3042dheu.png Figure 5. Imaging resolution degrades proportionally to the inverse of the Strehl ratio. Here we consider the extreme case of the objective being directly immersed in the clearing medium ( ). (A) The axial and lateral elongation of a system’s 3D PSF determine its two-point discrimination ability (i.e. its spatial resolution). For our aberrated PSFs we determined these two parameters on plots of the intensity along axial or radial lines passing through the diffraction focus (white dashed lines a, b), as the interval (gray areas) on either side of which (white areas) the integrated intensity was 25% of the total. The PSF shown refers to the same 0.80 NA objective used in figure 3A with . (B) Plots of the inverse of the axial elongation (normalized to its value in design conditions) versus Strehl ratio for the same three objectives of figure 3A. The clearing medium RIs are shown for the plot endpoints. Dashed lines represent best fits to the data (restricted to a low aberration range of Strehl > 0.5) of a relation of direct proportionality between normalized axial elongation increase and inverse of Strehl increase (eq. 14) (0.30 NA: c = 3.40, R = 0.997; 0.50 NA: c = 2.29, R = 0.996; 0.80 NA: c = 2.03, R = 0.994). (C) Analogous of the plot in B for lateral elongation (0.30 NA: c = 0.32, R = 0.850; 0.50 NA: c = 0.28, R = 0.992; 0.80 NA: c = 0.25, R = 0.987). . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-aberrated-psfs-predicted-by-the-1p81jqzp.png Figure 4. Comparison of the aberrated PSFs predicted by the adapted G&L model, with that measured with sub-resolution fluorescent particles. Here we consider the extreme case of the objective being directly immersed in the clearing medium ( ). (model) PSF predicted by eq. 10 and 11 for the same 0.5 NA water immersion objective used in figure 3A assuming a clearing medium RI of 1.436. Here the PSF is displayed in new coordinates ( ) to mimic the common experimental convention where a positive shift of the objective in brings its diffraction focus deeper in the sample. (model + CCD) the model PSF was further processed to simulate the degradation expected to be introduced by the finite size of the pixels in our microscope CCD (sampling errors). (measured) experimental PSF obtained with the 0.5 NA objective by averaging stacks from many sub-resolution green fluorescent particles embedded in 1% low gelling temperature agarose and equilibrated with 20% FRUIT clearing solution (measured RI = 1.436). The https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-lower-na-objectives-may-achieve-have-better-3r71zb5p.png Figure 6. Lower NA objectives may achieve have better resolution than their higher NA counterparts in mismatched media. Here we consider the extreme case of the objective being directly immersed in the clearing medium ( ). Axial (A) and lateral elongation (B) were determined from computed PSFs for the three water immersion objectives used as test cases in this study. As the RI of the clearing medium departs from the design one, the resolution of higher NA objectives degrades faster until it becomes worse than that of the lower NA ones. Also shown are the approximate elongations predicted by eq. 15 and 16. . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-strehl-ratios-and-working-distances-predicted-by-h2ukk3pg.png Figure 3. Strehl ratios and working distances predicted by the approximate formulae (eq. 8 and 9), compared to values taken from computed PSFs (adapted G&L model). Here we consider the extreme case of the objective being directly immersed in the clearing medium ( ). (A) Strehl ratios as a function of clearing medium RI for three water immersion objectives: 0.30 NA (10x, ), 0.50 NA (20x, https://scispace.com/papers/two-stage-processes-of-electrically-induced-ferroelectric-to-4px7mtydnw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-vogel-fulcher-fitting-of-the-temperature-of-the-1i70h0w2.png FIG. 2. (a) Vogel-Fulcher fitting of the temperature of the maximum dielectric permittivity as a function of measurement frequency. (b) Inverse dielectric permittivity for selected frequencies of 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 kHz as a function of temperature. The tangent lines were drawn at the inflection points and the region, where the dielectric permittivity decreases linearly. The inset in (b) illustrates the relation between the tangent lines and the reciprocal permittivity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-changes-in-e0-and-in-situ-d33-in-comparison-with-the-2igu7fpc.png FIG. 1. Changes in e0 and in situ d33 in comparison with the switchable polarization, 2Pr,P(E) and 2Pr,TSDC. The tangent lines are drawn at the inflection point of 2Pr and d33 curves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-three-reflections-in-the-xrd-patterns-for-selected-37jjofmx.png FIG. 3. (a) Three reflections in the XRD patterns for selected temperatures (k¼ 0.0143 nm) with the scattering vector, q, parallel to E, and (b) expanded view of f222gpc for selected temperatures with the deconvoluted peak components of the f222gpc at 90 C. The position of each component was estimated by Rietveld analysis using FULLPROF,28 and the deconvolution was done using Gaussian profiles. https://scispace.com/papers/two-state-wave-packet-for-strong-field-free-molecular-1ymqnh252c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-experimental-temporal-evolution-of-the-4wr0juqu.png FIG. 3 (color online). (a) Experimental temporal evolution of the degree of orientation and at a peak intensity of 0.215 TW=cm2. Black lines result from a fit of Eq. (4) to the data points. (b) Phase shift of the postpulse dynamics as a function of the peak intensity of the control laser pulse, in units of 2π. (c) Degree of orientation as a function of the peak intensity of the control laser pulse. Statistical errors are smaller than the size of the markers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-degree-of-orientation-hcos-th2di-43-of-16jnarwc.png FIG. 2 (color online). Degree of orientation hcos θ2Di [43] of OCS with (a) β ¼ þ45° as a function of the relative delay between the orientation and probe laser pulses and the control laser peak intensity. (b) Degree of alignment hcos2θ2Di [43] extracted from the same data set as (a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematic-of-the-experimental-setup-39s2sabt.png FIG. 1 (color online). Schematic of the experimental setup, including the axis system and the definition of angles θ between the laboratory-fixed Y axis and the molecule-fixed z axis. The angle β defines the angle between the polarization axis of the orientation laser and the static electric field of the VMI spectrometer. https://scispace.com/papers/two-step-activity-based-protein-profiling-of-diacylglycerol-4bh00ksyqq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-design-of-two-step-labeling-probe-1-based-on-ht-01-and-275nfhr9.png Fig. 1 Design of two-step labeling probe 1 based on HT-01 and DH376. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-in-situ-labeling-of-recombinant-dagla-expressed-in-1vpxrm4a.png Fig. 4 In situ labeling of recombinant DAGLα expressed in U2OS with direct probe HT-01 (1 µM), probe 1 (5 µM) with BODIPY-tetrazine 10 (10 µM), and competition between probe 1 (5 µM) and HT-01 (1 µM). All treatments: 1 h in situ at 37 °C. Western blot (anti-FLAG) is shown as a protein expression control, Coomassie staining is shown as a loading control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cell-survival-of-wildtype-u2os-treated-for-1-h-at-37-25re39ci.png Fig. 3 Cell survival of wildtype U2OS, treated for 1 h at 37 °C with: probe 1 (5 µM), BODIPY-tetrazine 10 (10 µM), probe HT-01 (1 µM), DH376 (1 µM), or ClickMix. https://scispace.com/papers/two-types-of-isotropic-vector-play-models-and-their-3yrm05u192 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-measured-unidirectional-property-averaged-along-the-1cu399ha.png Fig. 3. Measured unidirectional property (averaged along the -direction). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-behavior-of-vector-play-hysteron-a-and-b-1hzd125w.png Fig. 2. Behavior of vector play hysteron: (a) and (b) . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-rotational-loss-given-by-in-21-a-and-b-2yil1tmw.png Fig. 6. Rotational loss given by in (21): (a) and (b) . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-play-hysteron-operator-8hq80yan.png Fig. 1. Play hysteron operator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-unidirectional-property-of-vector-models-with-a-b-with-15cebzpr.png Fig. 4. Unidirectional property of vector models with : (a) , (b) with , and (c) with . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-rotational-properties-of-vector-play-models-a-of-b-of-2uueng1m.png Fig. 5. Rotational properties of vector play models: (a) of , (b) of with , (c) of , and (d) phase lag. https://scispace.com/papers/two-to-tango-psychological-contract-breach-in-online-labor-g3h2992mue 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-empirical-model-3p9rqru3.png Figure 1: Empirical Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-results-for-success-perceived-by-1lkt2awg.png Table 4: Regression results for Success Perceived by Freelancer https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-results-for-success-perceived-by-client-j2iipvsz.png Table 5: Regression results for Success Perceived by Client https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-3krcvzcp.png Table 2: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pairwise-correlations-2bf0nz6g.png Table 3: Pairwise correlations https://scispace.com/papers/two-touch-type-parking-slot-marking-recognition-for-target-3zq40pumkd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-driver-designates-target-parking-position-by-2cj2b3zx.png Fig. 1. Driver designates target parking position by designating two seed-points that are the end-points of parking slot marking line-segment separating neighboring parking slots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-longitudinal-direction-of-target-parking-position-1o25yd65.png Fig. 3. The longitudinal direction of target parking position can be initialized with two seed points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-flow-chart-of-two-touch-type-method-2yj3w53j.png Fig. 2. The flow chart of two-touch type method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rectified-image-for-two-type-parking-slot-markings-6ddorss1.png Fig. 4. Rectified image for two type parking slot markings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-t-shape-target-pattern-detection-musn9s5n.png Fig. 5. T-shape target pattern detection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-p-shape-target-pattern-detection-36k19mt9.png Fig. 6. Π-shape target pattern detection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-target-pattern-detection-result-and-target-parking-4lfb4w0t.png Fig. 7. Target pattern detection result and target parking position establishment result. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-result-when-dark-shadow-is-cast-on-the-near-of-target-81xt75oz.png Fig. 11. Result when dark shadow is cast on the near of target pattern. https://scispace.com/papers/two-visions-of-the-web-from-globality-to-localities-1fnz995enk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1yahoo-result-list-17o5sx40.png Figure 1Yahoo result list https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4the-first-hierarchy-represents-the-whole-graph-while-28hf9z2y.png Figure 4The first hierarchy represents the whole graph, while the second doesn’t. It is sometimes possible to determine subgraphs with representative hierarchies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-subgraph-g1-has-not-the-same-hierarchy-as-g-while-2sbfazft.png Figure 3 Subgraph G1 has not the same hierarchy as G, while subgraph G2 has the same. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-collection-of-40-sites-containing-the-50-pages-23t7a8tm.png Figure 2 Collection of 40 sites containing the 50 pages returned by Google to the query ”abortion”, 28 february 2006 https://scispace.com/papers/two-view-contactless-fingerprint-acquisition-systems-a-case-2yj4yuslz7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-examples-of-reconstructed-three-dimensional-models-2t223w7v.png Fig. 5. Examples of reconstructed three-dimensional models plotted with different orientations: (a,e,i) models seen from the first point of view; (b,f,j) models seen from a second point of view; (c,g,l) models seen from a third point of view; (d,h) particulars of the reconstructed latent fingerprint. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-studied-clay-artwork-considered-as-a-working-3d8f0e70.png Fig. 1. The studied clay artwork (considered as a working sketch of the “Ninfa Dormiente” statue by Antonio Canova): (a-c) the artwork; (d-g) examples of the artist fingerprints on the surface of the clay acquired with a traditional camera with a macro lense. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-examples-of-captured-pairs-of-images-and-corresponding-2b8a19ps.png Fig. 6. Examples of captured pairs of images and corresponding three-dimensional models: pair of images 1 (a, b), pair of images 2 (c, d), three-dimensional model 1 (e), three-dimensional model 2 (f). It is possible to observe that the use of three-dimensional models reduces perspective problems related to different points of view and provides a robust metric reconstruction of the fingerprint. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-examples-of-captured-pairs-of-images-and-corresponding-1fyvnyvl.png Fig. 7. Examples of captured pairs of images and corresponding three-dimensional models: pair of images 1 (a, b), pair of images 2 (c, d), three-dimensional model 1 (e), three-dimensional model 2 (f). It is possible to observe that the three-dimensional models are independent from the point of view. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-a-two-view-acquisition-a-image-a-b-image-b-2wotifsb.png Fig. 2. Example of a two-view acquisition: (a) image A; (b) image B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-examples-of-reconstructed-point-clouds-of-two-2chazzb9.png Fig. 3. Examples of reconstructed point clouds of two different acquisitions and the relative texture mappings: (a,d) unfiltered point clouds; (b,e) filtered point clouds; (c,f) mapped textures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schema-of-the-proposed-acquisition-setup-33i9vyps.png Fig. 4. Schema of the proposed acquisition setup. https://scispace.com/papers/type-1-and-interval-type-2-anfis-a-comparison-4rod0ea3o8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-five-example-data-samples-for-the-problem-of-low-1nz8ac1h.png TABLE II: Five example data samples for the problem of low voltage electrical line length estimation https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-training-testing-rmse-by-different-models-for-2n74gm0i.png TABLE I: Training/Testing RMSE by different Models for predicting the MG series with different noise. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-five-example-data-samples-for-the-problem-of-3uorzcxo.png TABLE III: Five example data samples for the problem of medium voltage electrical line maintenance cost estimation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-statistical-comparisons-of-models-a-and-b-on-2q751z5w.png TABLE VI: Statistical comparisons of models (A and B) on training RMSE based on the Wilcoxon signed rank test at 0.05 significance level, where > means statistically larger, < means statistically smaller and ≈ means no significant difference. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-statistical-comparisons-of-models-a-and-b-on-23i47x0f.png TABLE VII: Statistical comparisons of models (A and B) on testing RMSE based on the Wilcoxon signed rank test at 0.05 significance level, where > means statistically larger, < means statistically smaller and ≈ means no significant difference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-illustration-of-the-it2-membership-function-where-a-39oxe8vs.png Fig. 1: An illustration of the IT2 membership function where {a′ = 1, ā′ = 3, b′ = 2, c′ = 5}. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-training-testing-rmse-on-medium-voltage-electricity-335znqb0.png TABLE V: Training/Testing RMSE on medium voltage electricity data (5-fold cross-validation). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-training-testing-rmse-on-low-voltage-electricity-2jqs4ufd.png TABLE IV: Training/Testing RMSE on low voltage electricity data (5-fold cross-validation). https://scispace.com/papers/type-i-and-type-ii-second-harmonic-generation-of-conically-3m5a042x1i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-azimuthal-intensity-distribution-of-the-final-patterns-3sapnz25.png Fig. 5. Azimuthal intensity distribution of the final patterns for type I (LBO) and type II (KTP) SHG. Symbols represent the experimental data, while solid lines are the corresponding analytical solutions from Eqs. (2) and (3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-evolution-of-the-transverse-intensity-profile-in-type-451z2jiw.png Fig. 6. Evolution of the transverse intensity profile in type I (top row) and type II (bottom row) SHG when the NLCs are placed at the ring plane of the CR beam. The extraordinary polarization in the NLC was parallel to the plane of the optic axes of the BC, i.e., ϕ0 0°. We note that the Raman-like spots for the second harmonic, (d) and (h), have been observed on both sides from the ring plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-patterns-of-the-a-fh-b-type-i-and-c-type-ii-sh-oaaifynj.png Fig. 4. Patterns of the (a) FH, (b) type I, and (c) type II SH generated with the NLCs placed at the ring plane. Patterns were captured by using the lens IL (see Fig. 3) to image the ring plane onto the CCD. Top and right insets are, respectively, the horizontal and vertical intensity profiles at the center of the images. Orange double arrows indicate the polarization plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-setup-a-randomly-polarized-input-beam-5qokoc2s.png Fig. 3. Experimental setup. A randomly polarized input beam with a beam waist radius of w0 3.2 mm is obtained from an Yb fiber laser generating light pulses at 1064 nm with pulse duration τ 110 10 ns at a 20 kHz repetition rate and up to 10 W of nominal power. This beam is focused by a lens (FL) of 400 mm focal length to a KGd WO4 2 BC of length L 28 mm and conicity α 17 mrad, yielding R0 476 μm. At the ring plane, we place the NLCs: LBO (type I, deff 0.668 pm∕V, LLBO 10 mm) and KTP (type II, deff 3.2598 pm∕V, LKTP 8 mm). The imaging lens IL projects different planes of the SHG propagated beams onto the CCD camera. The infrared filter (IRF) eliminates the radiation at the FH. ΔNLC LNLC 1 − 1∕nNLC is the longitudinal shift of the ring plane’s position added by the NLC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolution-of-the-transverse-intensity-profile-of-the-yj6slti8.png Fig. 2. Evolution of the transverse intensity profile of the FH generated throughout the CR effect in a BC. The position of the ring plane, where the CR ring is most sharply resolved, is at Z 0. Experimental parameters: R0 476 μm, w0 42 μm, and zR 5.148 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-focused-randomly-polarized-gaussian-beam-is-z37o76md.png Fig. 1. (a) Focused randomly polarized Gaussian beam is transformed by a BC into a light ring at the ring plane of the system; (b) CR ring at the ring plane with the fine Poggendorff splitting. Double orange arrows show the polarization distribution along the ring. FL means focusing lens; o and e denote the points with ordinary and extraordinary polarizations, respectively. ΔBC L 1 − 1∕nBC is a longitudinal shift of the ring plane’s position added by the BC, with intermediate refractive index nBC. https://scispace.com/papers/type-2-fuzzy-alpha-cuts-6ata0el47m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-t2fs-a-in-example-3-1-each-domain-value-xi-along-2a7dtwus.png TABLE II T2FS,Ã, IN EXAMPLE (3.1). EACH DOMAIN VALUE , xi , ALONG WITH ITS CORRESPONDING VERTICAL SLICE FROM TABLE(I). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ivfs-a-its-lmf-a-its-umf-a-and-theira-cuts-3v6y8jkp.png Fig. 3. IVFS Â, its LMF A, its UMF A and theirα-cuts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-ivfs-a-in-example-4-1-each-domain-value-xi-along-282em69h.png TABLE V IVFS, Â, IN EXAMPLE (4.1). EACH DOMAIN VALUE , xi , ALONG WITH ITS CORRESPONDING INTERVAL MEMBERSHIP GRADE, LMF MEMBERSHIP GRADE AND UMF MEMBERSHIP GRADE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-the-a-cuts-ofivfs-a-of-table-v-in-example-4-1-1c3krd3k.png TABLE VI THE α-CUTS OFIVFS, Â, OF TABLE (V) IN EXAMPLE (4.1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-regenerating-ivfs-a-in-example-4-1-from-itsa-cuts-37mlni8h.png TABLE VII REGENERATING IVFS, Â, IN EXAMPLE (4.1) FROM ITSα-CUTS IN TABLE (VI) https://scispace.com/figures/table-xiv-ivfs-4-8-in-example-4-2-from-itsa-cuts-in-table-1lyr7t2r.png TABLE XIV IVFS, 4̂ ∩ 8̂, IN EXAMPLE 4.2 FROM ITSα-CUTS IN TABLE XIII https://scispace.com/figures/table-xiii-the-a-cuts-ofivfs-4-8-in-example-4-2-3eautpv1.png TABLE XIII THE α-CUTS OFIVFS, 4̂ ∩ 8̂, IN EXAMPLE 4.2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-xii-ivfs-4-8-in-example-4-2-from-itsa-cuts-in-table-xi-o1z1q364.png TABLE XII IVFS, 4̂ ∪ 8̂, IN EXAMPLE 4.2 FROM ITSα-CUTS IN TABLE XI. https://scispace.com/papers/type-iii-crispr-cas-systems-produce-cyclic-oligoadenylate-3wx8udtqea 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-high-affinity-recognition-of-oligoa-is-mediated-by-2u50pajs.png Figure 2 | High-affinity recognition of oligoA is mediated by the Csm6 CARF domain. a, EiCsm6 RNase assay in the presence of varying concentrations of A6>P. b, Log(dose)versus-response curve and EC50 derived from assay in panel a. Error in the EC50 value is indicated as 95% confidence interval (CI). c, Ribonuclease activity assay using a Cy5-labelled ssRNA and either wild type (WT) EiCsm6 or dEiCsm6CARF in the presence or absence of A6>P. d, Ribonuclease activity assay using WT EiCsm6, dEiCsm6CARF and dEiCsm6HEPN proteins in the presence of A6>P. All data points represent the mean of three replicates ± s.e.m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-cas10-complex-activates-csm6-via-a-diffusible-1yhtbde6.png Figure 3 | The Cas10 complex activates Csm6 via a diffusible second messenger. a, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-proposed-model-for-the-molecular-mechanism-of-type-2ri2xuof.png Figure 6 | Proposed model for the molecular mechanism of type III CRISPR-Cas systems. The type III CRISPR interference complex has three enzymatic activities: (i) a crRNA-guided endoribonuclease activity against target RNA harboured by the Csm3 subunits, (ii) target RNA-stimulated DNase activity harboured by the HD domain of Cas10 and (iii) target RNA-stimulated cyclic oligoadenylate synthetase activity harboured by the Palm domain of Cas10. The cyclic oligoA product of Cas10 allosterically activates Csm6 RNase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-in-vivo-activity-of-csm6-is-dependent-on-cyclic-13n1yjig.png Figure 5 | In vivo activity of Csm6 is dependent on cyclic oligoA and Cas10. a, Optical density of S. aureus cells containing RNase-deficient type III-A CRISPR-Cas system of S. epidermidis programmed with a gp43 spacer. The system contains an inactivating point mutation in the csm3 gene (dCsm3D32A) and a deletion of the csm6 gene (ΔCsm6). A second plasmid expresses wild-type or mutated forms of S. epidermidis or E. italicus Csm6. Cells were infected at 60 minutes with bacteriophage ΦNM1γ6 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.25. Each data points represents the mean of three replicates ± s.e.m. b, Growth curves of S. aureus strains harbouring the type III-A CRISPR system of S. epidermidis with a gp43 spacer and indicated cas gene mutations. Infection with ΦNM1γ6 is initiated at 60 minutes with an MOI of 30. Each data points represents the mean of three replicates ± s.e.m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-palm-domain-of-cas10-generates-cyclic-2pq3k9ug.png Figure 4 | The Palm domain of Cas10 generates cyclic hexaadenylate in vitro. a, EiCsm6 RNase activity in the presence of products generated by WT and mutant EiCsm(1-5) complexes. b, ATP oligomerisation assay using [α-32P] ATP. c, Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of the products generated by the EiCsm(1-5)-dCsm3D32A complex, the EiCsm(1-5)-dCas10Palm/dCsm3D32A complex, and a synthetic A6>P standard. d, Treatment of the product generated by the EiCsm(1-5)-dCsm3D32A complex by T4 polynucleotide kinase (T4 PNK), alkaline phosphatase (FastAP), pyrophosphatase RppH and S1 nuclease. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-csm6-is-allosterically-activated-by-oligoa-34bpl825.png Figure 1 | Csm6 is allosterically activated by oligoA nucleotides. a, TtCsm6 ribonuclease activity assay using a Cy5-labelled ssRNA substrate, in the presence of linear tetraadenylate nucleotides containing 3’-hydroxyl (A4-OH) or 2’,3’-cyclic phosphate (A4>P) groups. b, Top: schematic representation of fluorogenic ribonuclease activity assay; bottom: TtCsm6 RNase activity in the presence of tetraadenylates containing 3’-OH (A4-OH), 3’-phosphate (A4-P) or 2’,3’-cyclic phosphate (A4>P) groups. c, TtCsm6 RNase activity in the presence of oligoadenylates of varying lengths containing 3’-OH or 2’,3’-cyclic phosphate. d, EiCsm6 RNase activity in the presence of oligoadenylates of varying lengths containing 3’-OH or 2’,3’- cyclic phosphate. All data points represent the mean of three replicates ± s.e.m. https://scispace.com/papers/type-spread-molecular-communications-principles-and-inter-44y85r2lxc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-performance-comparison-of-the-4-ary-mosk-modulated-dmc-3dvp89ev.png Fig. 6. Performance comparison of the 4-ary MoSK modulated DMC systems with various signaling and detection schemes considered. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ber-versus-snr-performance-of-dmc-systems-with-the-ts-11xhgtx2.png Fig. 4. BER versus SNR performance of DMC systems with the TS-MoSK supported by Q = 16 types of molecules, when 4 − ary MoSK is employed with/without passive ISIM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ber-versus-snr-performance-of-dmc-systems-with-the-ts-vr4lnvim.png Fig. 5. BER versus SNR performance of DMC systems with the TS-MoSK supported by Q = 16 types of molecules, when 4 − ary MoSK is employed with/without passive ISIM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ber-versus-snr-per-bit-performance-of-the-dmc-systems-3522633l.png Fig. 3. BER versus SNR per bit performance of the DMC systems with 4-ary MoSK modulation and different TS levels at the same bit rate of 2 bits/symbol. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-function-of-molecular-concentration-35g77twy.png Fig. 1. Function of molecular concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-demonstration-of-inter-symbol-interference-287gscqa.png Fig. 2. Demonstration of inter-symbol interference. https://scispace.com/papers/types-and-concept-analysis-for-legacy-systems-2vbg0i8b3l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-screendump-of-conceptrefinery-1e35ea2s.png Figure 6: Screendump of ConceptRefinery. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-overview-of-the-toolset-kx6k84kn.png Figure 7: Overview of the toolset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lattice-for-the-concepts-of-table-2-2zjy0cj6.png Figure 2: Lattice for the concepts of Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-derived-and-inferred-relations-3ahqu3pm.png Table 3: Derived and inferred relations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-programs-as-items-parameters-as-features-2gufomxs.png Figure 5: Programs as items, parameters as features https://scispace.com/papers/types-of-coproduction-and-differential-effects-on-3a48bj3ulb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-33p24uf4.png TABLE 1. Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-effect-of-coproduction-on-average-student-pass-3o5j604i.png TABLE 4. The Effect of Coproduction on Average Student Pass Rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-marginal-effect-of-violence-on-average-student-pass-138d3oy1.png FIGURE 1. Marginal Effect of Violence on Average Student Pass Rate as Coproduction Changes https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-implement-complement-coproduction-factor-analysis-1c32eb85.png TABLE 3. Implement-Complement Coproduction Factor Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-design-core-coproduction-factor-analysis-1e6hh7ho.png TABLE 2. Design-Core Coproduction Factor Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-effect-of-coproduction-and-turbulence-on-average-qct0shq7.png TABLE 5. The Effect of Coproduction and Turbulence on Average Student Pass Rate https://scispace.com/papers/types-of-network-members-1n8lu4wbt5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-2-pure-guest-types-cost-saver-socializer-localizer-2mv8xckk.png Figure 15.2: Pure guest types: Cost saver, Socializer, Localizer and Utilitarian. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-1-pure-host-types-capitalist-befriender-and-22i4pz9s.png Figure 15.1: Pure host types: Capitalist, Befriender and Ethicist https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-3-finding-the-perfect-guest-host-match-rryyexro.png Figure 15.3: Finding the perfect guest–host match https://scispace.com/papers/types-of-knowledge-and-diversity-of-business-academia-25tzvn6sg6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-innovation-co-operation-methods-assessed-most-valuable-24n61l56.png Fig. 8 Innovation co-operation methods assessed most valuable, EU members, 2008–2010 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-innovation-co-operation-methods-eu-members-2008-2010-3pzd4noj.png Fig. 7 Innovation co-operation methods, EU members, 2008–2010 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-share-of-research-performing-sectors-in-employing-fte-2fwevxt5.png Fig. 1 Share of research performing sectors in employing FTE researchers, EU countries, 2012 (%) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-share-of-research-performing-sectors-in-performing-174mbf1w.png Fig. 2 Share of research performing sectors in performing GERD, EU countries, 2012 (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-share-of-innovative-enterprises-indicating-co-2e40ddvy.png Table 2 Share of innovative enterprises indicating co-operation with specified partners, EU27, 2002–2004 and 2008–2010 (percentage of all innovative enterprises) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-highly-important-scientific-sources-of-information-for-3hxzslf6.png Fig. 6 Highly important ‘scientific’ sources of information for product and process innovation, EU members, 2008–2010 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-highly-important-business-sources-of-information-for-1czme4ue.png Fig. 5 Highly important ‘business’ sources of information for product and process innovation, EU members, 2008–2010 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-innovation-co-operation-with-pros-eu-members-2008-3570riw7.png Fig. 10 Innovation co-operation with PROs, EU members, 2008–2010 https://scispace.com/papers/typhoon-yolanda-and-post-disaster-resilience-problems-and-3u6cc92iu0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-j0ul7fck.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/types-sources-and-debilitating-factors-of-sport-confidence-2u1pv1b3ec 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sources-of-sport-confidence-identified-by-elite-345do59d.png Figure 2: Sources of Sport-Confidence identified by elite academy soccer players2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-types-of-sport-confidence-identified-by-elite-37o13p7b.png Figure 1: Types of Sport-Confidence identified by elite academy soccer players https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sources-of-sport-confidence-identified-by-elite-3tv5so3r.png Figure 2: Sources of Sport-Confidence identified by elite academy soccer players2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sources-of-sport-confidence-identified-by-elite-x3ksjytn.png Figure 2: Sources of Sport-Confidence identified by elite academy soccer players2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-types-of-sport-confidence-identified-by-elite-1v6ophp7.png Table 1. Types of Sport-Confidence Identified by Elite Academy Soccer Players (n =28) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sources-of-sport-confidence-identified-by-elite-jq1bfokx.png Table 2. Sources of Sport-Confidence Identified by Elite Academy Soccer Players (n = 28) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-confidence-debilitating-factors-identified-by-elite-kfzozrjl.png Table 3. Confidence Debilitating Factors Identified by Elite Academy Soccer Players (n = 28) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-confidence-debilitating-factors-identified-by-elite-2a4as8fq.png Figure 3: Confidence debilitating factors identified by elite academy soccer players https://scispace.com/papers/typology-in-development-theory-retrospective-and-prospects-1v8790uidu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-n3e5f8fa.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-primary-import-substitution-m-m-8-cn-3ad4ufwt.png Table 2 Primary Import Substitution (M /M) 8 CN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sector-growth-patterns-26287d3i.png Figure 4 Sector Growth Patterns https://scispace.com/papers/u-k-utility-weights-for-the-eortc-qlu-c10d-4iz4nf7864 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-choice-set-11j6crvs.png Figure 1: An Example Choice Set https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flow-diagram-showing-number-of-participants-for-678kl234.png Figure 2. Flow diagram showing number of participants for each section of the survey https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mixed-logit-model-3-1jjtyolc.png Table 4: Mixed Logit: Model 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scatter-plot-of-weighted-versus-unweighted-20d8eqiv.png Figure 3: Scatter Plot of Weighted versus Unweighted Decrements (Model 1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-conditional-logit-model-1-unconstrained-and-model-2-3qmq6xwu.png Table 3: Conditional logit: Model 1 (unconstrained) and Model 2 (monotonicity imposeda) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-utility-decrements-from-conditional-logit-model-2b76avmt.png Figure 4: Utility decrements from conditional logit model constrained for monotonicity (Model 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographic-characteristics-of-the-sample-compared-3etpqg4v.png Table 2. Demographic characteristics of the sample compared to UK population norms where availablea https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-qlu-c10d-health-state-classification-system-how-2jq186aj.png Table 1 The QLU-C10D health state classification system, how it maps to the 13 component items from the QLQ-C30, and the duration attribute included the discrete choice experiment (DCE) valuation survey https://scispace.com/papers/u-pass-unified-power-analysis-and-forensics-for-qualitative-5gojt9dto6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-snapshot-of-the-applications-user-interface-displaying-6tx7e6ni.png Fig. 1. Snapshot of the application’s user interface, displaying reported associations from breast cancer studies in the NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog (circles). The findings are overlaid on the OR-RAF power diagram of association tests (greyscale heatmap). The initial sample sizes are dynamically adjusted, and automatically determined from texts of the article reporting the user selected loci (red circle). Information of the selected loci and the articles are also dynamically displayed; findings reported in the same article are highlighted (orange circles). We provide finite sample corrections by marking the rare variant region(s) where asymptotic approximations do not apply (red dashed lines, lower-left). The majority of the published findings we surveyed exhibited a striking level of concordance with our theoretical predictions, with most associations congregating just inside the detectable region. https://scispace.com/papers/u-pb-dating-of-the-madeira-suite-and-structural-control-of-kq608xep86 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-28le57ft.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-back-scattering-images-from-zircons-of-the-agua-boa-32glrrpv.png Fig. 8. : Back-scattering images from zircons of the Agua Boa granite including 207 Pb/ 206 Pb age and respective laser spot (diam. = 25 mm). (A and B) Sample PGP-12. (C and D) Sample PGP-10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-back-scattering-images-from-zircons-of-the-europa-7g52s089.png Fig. 9. : Back-scattering images from zircons of the Europa granite with 207 Pb/ 206 Pb age and respective laser spot (diam. = 25 mm). (A and B) Sample EMR-55. (C and D) Sample EMR59. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-two-aspects-of-the-geometry-of-en-echelon-and-pull-87kqjl48.png Fig. 5. : Two aspects of the geometry of en echelon and pull-apart fractures within the central part of the albite-enriched granite. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-simplified-geological-map-and-structural-sketch-of-1i4ee8n1.png Fig. 12. : Simplified geological map and structural sketch of the magmatic intrusion of albiteenriched granite controlled by left-lateral motion along the NE–SW-trending lineament. See text for explanation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-structures-recognized-in-the-albite-enriched-granite-a-32emtocl.png Fig. 4. :Structures recognized in the albite-enriched granite. (A) Aligned quartz-filled geodes. (B) Aligned quartz–fluorite-filled geodes. (C) aligned geodes/miaroles forming the initiation of fractures. (D) Intimate relations between geodes/miaroles and the outlined fracture. (E) Geodes with euhedral quartz. (F) Aligned geodes with quartz and biotite. (G) Quartz–cryolite geodes/miaroles. H: quartz–cryolite–fluorite-filled geodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-concordia-diagrams-for-different-granites-of-the-s6e7d2xu.png Fig. 11. : Concordia diagrams for different granites of the Pitinga district. (A) Água Boa granite, sample PGP-12 (topaz granite facies), with a concordant age of 1816 ± 20 Ma. (B) Água Boa granite, sample PGP-10 (biotite granite facies), with a concordant age of 1824 ± 24 Ma. (C) Europa granite, sample EMR-59, with a concordant age of 1839 ± 6.2. (D) Europa granite, sample EMR-55, with a concordant age of 1831 ± 11 Ma. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-wk8befgs.png Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/papers/u-pb-zircon-geochronology-and-nd-isotopic-signatures-of-the-34h1i80km9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pre-mesozoic-plutonic-and-metamorphic-rocks-of-the-2rjhg68p.png Figure 2. Pre-Mesozoic plutonic and metamorphic rocks of the Peruvian Andes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-u-pb-detrital-zircon-histograms-from-yb2rqsxb.png Figure 5. U-Pb detrital zircon histograms from metasedimentary rocks of the eastern and western schist belts. A, CM116; B, CM-228; C, CM-112; D, CM-158; E, CM-116U; F, CM-133. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-paleogeography-of-the-western-margin-of-the-29sohntm.png Figure 9. Paleogeography of the western margin of the Amazonian Craton (including the Marañon Complex) between 600 and 300 Ma (modified from Cawood et al. 2001; Murphy et al. 2004a; Cordani et al. 2005.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-geological-map-of-the-maranon-complex-in-the-1zbg1ihy.png Figure 3. Geological map of the Marañon Complex in the Huánuco–La Unión regions (modified from Cobbing and Sanchez 1996a, 1996b; De la Cruz and Valencia 1996; Quispesivana 1996; Martinez et al. 1998). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-u-pb-concordia-diagrams-from-samples-cm-80-a-and-cm-3nq23cir.png Figure 4. U-Pb concordia diagrams from samples CM-80 (A) and CM-131A (B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-schematic-tectonic-evolution-of-the-maranon-complex-62r7nzim.png Figure 8. Schematic tectonic evolution of the Marañon Complex. ESB p Eastern Schist Belt, WSB p Western Schist Belt. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-left-fsm-nd-versus-nd-diagram-for-evaluation-of-1uk9n120.png Figure 7. Left, fSm/Nd versus Nd diagram for evaluation of postdepositional alteration (Bock et al. 1994). Right, Sm-Nd envelopes from the eastern and western schist belts compared with other provinces and tectonic domains. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geochronological-provinces-of-the-amazonian-craton-2kbxlvxp.png Figure 1. Geochronological provinces of the Amazonian Craton and pre-Mesozoic Andean inliers, including the Marañon Complex (modified from Cordani et al. 2000). Published Paleozoic and Precambrian U-Pb crystallization ages from Peru are after Dalmayrac et al. (1988); Wasteneys et al. (1995); Loewy et al. (2004); Chew et al. (2007b). https://scispace.com/papers/u-pb-zircon-dating-of-the-gruf-complex-disclosing-the-late-25bey60q7e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-concordia-and-tera-wasserburg-diagrams-with-data-of-34855sys.png Fig. 7 Concordia and Tera–Wasserburg diagrams with data of zircons separated from the Gruf migmatitic biotite-orthogneisses. Legend and calculation details as for Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-sketched-petro-tectonic-situation-of-the-gruf-complex-21qtk379.png Fig. 13 Sketched petro-tectonic situation of the Gruf Complex during the Permian granulite facies event coeval with lithospheric thinning (see Discussion and References in text) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simplified-tectonic-map-of-the-eastern-central-alps-21v3db34.png Fig. 1 Simplified tectonic map of the eastern Central Alps with location of the studied Gruf Complex. The main units are listed in legend according to their palaeogeographical origin. Inset: Location of the studied area in Switzerland (CH) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-concordia-and-tera-wasserburg-diagrams-with-data-of-x4oft94n.png Fig. 9 Concordia and Tera–Wasserburg diagrams with data of zircons separated from the Gruf granitic leucosome (a, b) augengneiss (c) and matrix of a magmatic breccia (d, e). Legend and calculation details as for Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-summarised-tectonic-evolution-of-the-eastern-central-17yphwni.png Fig. 14 Summarised tectonic evolution of the eastern Central Alps enabling the emplacement of the Gruf Complex in the context of late Eocene slab breakoff and subsequent, extensional roll-back of the European plate, which opened crustal space for the Bergell intrusion https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-concordia-and-tera-wasserburg-diagrams-with-data-of-1slrm16s.png Fig. 6 Concordia and Tera–Wasserburg diagrams with data of zircons separated from the Gruf charnockites. Ages calculated as weighted mean and errors at the 95% confidence level. Ellipses plotted with a 2r error. Thin, solid ellipses concordant ages; dashed grey ellipses non-concordant ages, not used for mean age calculation; bold ellipses calculated average age https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-field-aspect-of-dated-rocks-located-in-fig-1b-and-8fjt9fuh.png Fig. 4 Field aspect of dated rocks located in Fig. 1b and summarised in Table 1. a Homogeneous, coarse-grained and massive lens-shaped domain in RoCh1 charnockite, bounded by centimetre-thick, anastomosing shear zone; b massive and coarse-grained biotite-orthogneiss PeGr5; c foliated biotite-orthogneiss HvGr15; d foliated and coarsegrained PeGr3 biotiteorthogneiss with mafic enclaves; e foliated BiGr1 leucogranite; f PeLs1 leucosome discordant to the main foliation of the hosting migmatitic biotite-schist; g coarse-grained HvOG1 augengneiss (bottom) intrusive into migmatitic biotite-schists (top); h magmatic breccia formed by massive, Si1 leucocratic matrix of granitic composition and rounded components of ultramafic compositions. The components display greyish reaction rims of talc and chlorite https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-p-t-t-evolution-of-the-granulites-and-charnockites-of-zco51ugn.png Fig. 2 P–T–t evolution of the granulites and charnockites of the Gruf Complex. Granulite facies P–T conditions (920–940 C, 8.5–9.5 GPa) from Galli et al. (2011). Grey ellipses for the 5 granulite types found in the Gruf. Note that the granulite facies conditions agree with the conditions of fluid-absent biotite melting (from Vielzeuf and Holloway 1988; and Stevens et al. 1997). Peak P–T conditions for Southern Alpine granulites: Margna:—Muntener et al. (2000), Sondalo—Braga et al. (2003), Ivrea—Barboza and Bergantz (2000), Sesia—Lardeaux and Spalla (1991), Rebay and Spalla (2001). Garnet diffusion modelling shows that the 282- to 260-Ma granulite event is followed by cooling to less than 550–600 C within 20 Ma (Galli et al. 2011). Whether the granulites were cooled to even lower temperatures (and presumably pressures) cannot be retrieved from garnet diffusion modelling. Pressures and temperatures of the Alpine migmatisation event are determined from cordierite-bearing coronae and symplectites to 720–740 C, 7–7.5 kbar. These conditions are well beyond the wet granite solidus and close to fluid-absent muscovite melting (after Vielzeuf and Schmidt 2001). Our measurements yield ages from 34.3 to 29.2 Ma, and Rubatto et al. (2009) identified a protracted migmatisation lasting from 32 to 22 Ma in the Central Lepontine metamorphic dome https://scispace.com/papers/u-s-external-adjustment-is-it-disorderly-is-it-unique-will-1tbv54e3sf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-prices-and-interest-rates-3r7hsjqx.png Figure 4 Prices and Interest Rates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-components-of-u-s-real-gdp-l85rlxa9.png Figure 2 Components of U.S. Real GDP https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-u-s-prices-and-related-variables-adjustment-minus-3h9clfvq.png Table 3: U.S. Prices and Related Variables -- Adjustment Minus Deterioration (percentage points, a.r.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-other-foreign-variables-u-s-adjustment-minus-u-s-grajmfme.png Table 8: Other Foreign Variables -- U.S. Adjustment Minus U.S. Deterioration (percentage points, a.r.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-foreign-prices-and-interest-rates-1qw5d2e9.png Figure 8 Foreign Prices and Interest Rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-foreign-trade-balance-adjustment-and-deterioration-10372frd.png Table 9: Foreign Trade Balance Adjustment and Deterioration Dates Adjustment Deterioration Adjustment Deterioration https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-u-s-gdp-components-regressions-include-u-s-real-gdp-11pyt3g6.png Table 4: U.S. GDP Components (Regressions include U.S. real GDP growth as an explanatory variable) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-components-of-u-s-nominal-gdp-1xf1zpbm.png Figure 3 Components of U.S. Nominal GDP https://scispace.com/papers/u-s-intervention-during-the-bretton-wood-era-1962-1973-4shk6nh4bx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-composition-of-swap-drawings-1962-1971-2sq3fler.png Figure 8: Composition of Swap Drawings 1962 –1971 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-real-and-nominal-gold-prices-38a68iuk.png Figure 1: Real and Nominal Gold Prices https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-federal-reserve-swap-lines-1962-1973-5g8uz1x8.png Figure 7: Federal Reserve Swap Lines 1962 –1973 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-continued-1jozyt6k.png Figure 14: (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-continued-ygx5ipu1.png Figure 14: (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-continued-z4yoydwt.png Figure 11: (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-u-s-treasury-sources-and-uses-of-french-francs-32wih3rz.png Figure 12: U.S. Treasury Sources and Uses of French Francs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-continued-odaau7c7.png Figure 9: (continued) https://scispace.com/papers/u-s-money-demand-instability-a-flexible-least-squares-1vqofv98k5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-d-f-fls-estimates-for-money-demand-model-2-1-over-1959-7y0pvn89.png Fig. 3(d-f): FLS Estimates for Money Demand Model (2.1) Over 1959:Q2-1985:Q3 With Balanced Smoothness Weight Sa- p,/[1 ± = .50 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-c-fls-estimates-for-money-demand-model-2-1-over-1959-3tcjrslj.png Fig. 3(d-f): FLS Estimates for Money Demand Model (2.1) Over 1959:Q2-1985:Q3 With Balanced Smoothness Weight Sa- p,/[1 ± = .50 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fls-subperiod-average-values-and-standard-deviations-32j0yhpp.png Table 3 FLS Subperiod Average Values and Standard Deviations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-presents-the-average-value-over-time-of-each-fls-3ccufz4s.png Table 2 presents the average value over time of each FLS coefficient estimate, together with its associated empirical standard deviation, for a range of points along the REF. Four aspects of the table are particularly striking: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fls-coefficient-estimates-for-a-regime-shift-1827mofz.png Fig. 2: FLS Coefficient Estimates for a Regime Shift Experiment With Balanced Smoothness Weight 8 it1[1-1- p = .50 https://scispace.com/papers/u-s-shale-producers-a-case-of-dynamic-risk-management-4bdwtp65wk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-wti-price-and-net-worth-the-left-plot-displays-the-28rs5byo.png Figure 2 WTI price and net worth The left plot displays the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) spot price with shaded area for the two significant oil price collapse in recent years; the series is from Datastream. The right plot displays median net worth defined as Net Income/Assets for selected US E&P companies; details on the firms included in the sample are available in Section 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-oil-production-and-relevance-of-oil-related-assets-14qn9hi0.png Figure 3 Oil production and relevance of oil related assets The left plot displays the total oil production in mbd of E&P firms included in the sample. The right plot shows the median ratio between net property and equipment over total assets; net property and equipment include oil and gas properties net of accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-placebo-tests-1u02gqez.png Table 7 Placebo tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sample-hedging-ratio-the-graph-displays-the-k7h4o68u.png Figure 4 Sample hedging ratio The graph displays the dynamics of the sample average hedging ratio which is defined as the ratio between total notional amounts reported over all hedging contracts to cover the 12 month ahead oil production and the oil production effectively achieved by the firm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-iv-regression-instrumenting-net-worth-with-reserves-kl2eox9x.png Table 5 IV regression - instrumenting net worth with reserves and success rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-firms-summary-statistics-3hikk8ba.png Table 1 Firms’ summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hedging-choice-and-derivative-contracts-m8v501hf.png Table 3 Hedging choice and derivative contracts https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-difference-in-difference-estimates-3rq62k7c.png Table 6 Difference in difference estimates https://scispace.com/papers/uav-power-plant-performance-evaluation-1hbicd9mrc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-1-menon-dynamometer-2ev4m34y.png Figure 4.2.1 Menon dynamometer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-1-plot-of-hp-vs-sped-ytodqjg1.png Figure 9.1 Plot of HP vs. SPED https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-3-plot-of-specific-fuel-consumption-vs-power-2jug0x66.png Figure 9.3 Plot of Specific fuel consumption vs. Power density https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-1-korean-aerospace-research-institute-dynamometer-3h8o7spn.png Figure 4.3.1 Korean Aerospace research institute dynamometer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2-6-1-control-module-of-efi-system-16y69af6.png Figure 6.2.6.1 Control module of EFI system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-3-super-charger-engine-i68jyffh.png Figure 3.3.3 Super charger engine https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-6-1-working-procedure-of-2-stroke-fi-system-3lnteig0.png Figure 6.6.1 working procedure of 2-stroke FI system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-6-3-bme-116-with-efi-2d7pai07.png Figure 6.6.1 working procedure of 2-stroke FI system https://scispace.com/papers/uav-attitude-estimation-using-low-frequency-radio-jphorxnbmm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-roll-angle-estimated-from-lf-polarization-of-198-khz-3t2qpjzp.png Fig. 4. Roll angle estimated from LF polarization of 198 kHz Radio 4 and 162 kHz France Inter stations, with accelerometer reference angle, with sensor on stationary platform at various roll angles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-yaw-angle-estimated-from-lf-polarization-of-198-khz-3hc1unan.png Fig. 5. Yaw angle estimated from LF polarization of 198 kHz Radio 4 carrier signal, with magnetometer-based reference yaw angle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-body-fixed-coordinate-frame-and-euler-angle-xkl7ustd.png Fig. 1. Body-fixed coordinate frame and Euler angle conventions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-aircraft-in-coordinated-turn-showing-forces-zk4ofa32.png Fig. 2. Aircraft in coordinated turn showing forces corresponding to proper accelerations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-traditional-svd-estimate-of-roll-angle-based-on-4pqj9ysi.png Fig. 8. Traditional SVD estimate of roll angle (based on accelerometer and magnetometer), alongside computer vision reference, for flight segment one https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-images-from-forward-looking-camera-during-flight-folok8yv.png Fig. 6. Images from forward-looking camera during flight segment one https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-rpa-roll-angle-estimated-from-accelerometers-alone-and-1pw7oc9q.png Fig. 7. RPA roll angle estimated from accelerometers alone and from LF alone, compared against computer vision reference, for flight segment one https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-absolute-errors-in-the-traditional-and-lf-svd-pitch-3ocdvdco.png Fig. 11. Absolute errors in the traditional and LF SVD pitch estimates for flight segment two https://scispace.com/papers/ubiquitin-sumo-and-nedd8-as-therapeutic-targets-in-cancer-1uh58em8tc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ubiquitin-like-modifiers-conjugation-deconjugation-3civh7f9.png Table 1: Ubiquitin-like modifiers: conjugation/deconjugation enzymes and main functions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-regulation-of-p53-by-ubl-n8-nedd8-ub-ubiquitin-s-2ye46w6d.png Figure 1: Regulation of p53 by UbL. N8: Nedd8, Ub: Ubiquitin, S: SUMO https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dysregulation-of-ubl-enzymes-in-cancer-this-table-1e665ocv.png Table 2: Dysregulation of UbL enzymes in cancer. This table summarizes the known dysregulations of these enzymes. It comprises the main enzymes in each pathway but is not necessarily exhaustive. https://scispace.com/papers/ubiquitous-robot-a-new-paradigm-for-integrated-services-2dmx806n1a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-position-embot-showing-a-the-pcb-type-antenna-b-2z3vygkm.png Fig. 4. The Position Embot showing, (a) the PCB type Antenna, (b) the RFID Array, (c) Screenshot of the Position Embot client window 3) Position Embot: The Position Embot shown in Fig. 3, delivers location of robot, object, and human in 2D (x,y) coordinates with a static measured error of under 3 cm. It uses an array of RFID tags (ISO 15693 Standard Measure) each of which has a range of 18 cm and is spaced at 10cm from each other, with around 256 RFID tags covering a floor area of 1.5x1.5m. The receiver section is composed of a PCB type antenna module coupled with a 13.56 MHz Reader module. An anti-collision function is used to enable the antenna to read all of the tags. The position of the robot is calculated based on a weighted average within a fixed time frame using the collected data as in [4]. The detected cartesian coordinates are transmitted to middleware once every tenth of a second. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-screenshot-of-the-sound-embot-client-performing-speech-fn4125we.png Fig. 3. Screenshot of the Sound Embot Client performing Speech recognition https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-screenshot-of-the-vision-embot-client-performing-face-119jrjn8.png Fig. 2. Screenshot of the Vision Embot client performing Face Detection https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-sobot-user-interaction-through-mobot-the-sobot-has-1tt13b6k.png Fig. 12. Sobot User Interaction through Mobot, the Sobot has downloaded itself onto Mybot to enable monitoring of the user and thus providing anyplace and anytime service. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-sobot-user-interaction-a-user-enters-the-u-space-b-1f4lblo9.png Fig. 11. Sobot-user interaction, (a) user enters the u-space, (b) position Embot senses user location and transmits information to Sobot, symbolically resembling the appearance of Santa-Claus figure in the world; (c) Vision Embot performs face recognition and Sobot exhibits happiness upon perceiving master, which (d) Sound Embot indicates that “Dance” command has been spoken, causing Sobot to comply and dance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-screenshot-of-the-sobot-client-window-showing-its-3afnj71t.png Fig. 8. A screenshot of the Sobot Client window showing its different components https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-sobot-interaction-and-transfer-sobot-yellow-one-3igyirg9.png Fig. 9. Sobot Interaction and transfer: Sobot (yellow one) downloaded onto https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mobots-a-mybot-wheeled-mobile-robot-and-b-hsr-humanoid-r4bzlt8h.png Fig. 5. Mobots: (a) Mybot - Wheeled mobile robot and (b) HSR - Humanoid robot type https://scispace.com/papers/ubiquity-of-particle-vortex-interactions-in-turbulent-hk0lqaljwm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-view-of-the-channel-see-la-mantia-2016-1u10ouff.png Figure 1. Schematic view of the channel, see La Mantia (2016) for a relevant picture; dimensions are in millimeters. The glass channel (light blue) has a square cross-section and its top is open to the surrounding helium bath. The channel glass walls are mounted on a frame and touch each other at the channel corners. The frame bottom (shaded grey) is slightly smaller than the experimental volume cross-section and the heater is located in its middle, inside the channel. The laser sheet (green) is about 1 mm thick (in the direction perpendicular to the scheme). The magenta and cyan arrows indicate the directions of the normal fluid velocity v⃗n and of the superfluid velocity v⃗s, respectively. The horizontal and vertical directions used in the text are marked by black arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scaling-of-the-peak-velocities-obtained-from-double-6h9k310w.png Figure 5. Scaling of the peak velocities, obtained from double-peaked Gaussian fits of the considered vertical velocity PDFs. Blue circles: experimental data, see table 1 for relevant experimental conditions. The error bars indicate the standard deviation of the velocities. Black line: equation (3.1) with vsl = −2.54 mm/s. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristic-lengths-of-trajectory-segments-u-mean-3r4319yj.png Table 3. Characteristic lengths of trajectory segments; µ: mean; σ: standard deviation. The subscripts S and F denote slow and fast trajectory segments, respectively; see the text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-pdfs-of-segment-lengths-top-row-pdfs-of-different-10l5tden.png Figure 9. PDFs of segment lengths. Top row: PDFs of different types obtained from data set #2. Bottom row: comparison of different data sets; lengths are here normalized by their standard deviations. The segment type is specified in each panel. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-conditions-for-the-data-sets-displaying-2r52tzok.png Table 1. Experimental conditions for the data sets displaying bimodal behaviour, see also figure 4; T : temperature of the He II bath; P : applied heat power; f : camera frame rate; N : number of particle positions in the data set; vn: normal fluid velocity computed from equation (1.1) by using the experimental volume cross-section; vns: counterflow velocity computed from equation (1.2) by using the experimental volume cross-section; note that the velocity values reported here can be regarded as conservative estimates of the actual values, see the text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pdfs-of-the-particle-velocities-top-row-2y2bi32v.png Figure 4. PDFs of the particle velocities. Top row: distributions of the vertical component (black circles) with their double-peaked Gaussian fits (colour lines). Bottom row: distributions of the horizontal component with their single-peaked Gaussian fits. Columns correspond to data sets #1, #2 and #3, respectively, see table 1 for relevant experimental conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-trajectory-highlighted-in-figure-6-separated-into-2yr18bbz.png Figure 8. Trajectory highlighted in figure 6 separated into segments according to the scheme discussed in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-pdfs-of-the-velocity-orientation-angle-th-see-3lu17svg.png Figure 11. PDFs of the velocity orientation angle θ, see equation (3.3). Left panel: comparison of the chosen data sets with a residual flow with no applied heat flux. Right panel: PDFs corresponding to the individual motion types, from data set #2; inset: standard deviation of the distributions, displayed in the order corresponding to a typical time evolution of particle motion, that is, S → A → F → D. https://scispace.com/papers/ucube-control-platform-for-power-electronics-53qpmzpbxo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-avnet-microzed-board-a-and-the-ucube-control-board-1uop46z8.png Fig. 1. The Avnet Microzed board (a) and the uCube control board (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-80krpm-synchronous-reluctance-synrel-machine-test-rig-36jpcylb.png Fig. 8. 80krpm Synchronous reluctance (SynRel) machine test rig https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-multi-three-phase-rig-set-up-for-testing-the-ucube-fig-opec5d1n.png Fig. 6. Multi-three phase rig set-up for testing the uCube Fig. 7. Motor currents under load variation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-fo-psu-com-expansion-board-b-analogue-to-digital-3gxfch4k.png Fig. 2. (a) FO-PSU-COM expansion board. (b) Analogue-to-Digital Converters expansion board. (c) Resolver and Incremental/Absolute Encoder board https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-fo-psu-com-conceptual-scheme-b-adc-conceptual-scheme-1vduoefv.png Fig. 3. (a) FO-PSU-COM conceptual scheme. (b) ADC conceptual scheme. (c) Resolver and Incremental/Absolute Encoder conceptual scheme https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-ucube-software-architecure-in-fig-4a-has-been-1bfs27ns.png Fig. 4. The uCube software architecure in Fig.4a has been derived by the XAPP1078 application note from Xilinx. The Host PC in Fig. 4b is used for setting control parameters, on/off flags, set-points and for saving and eventually plotting acquired data and derived variables. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-bare-metal-hardware-and-scope-buffer-status-together-qh4a7tiu.png Fig. 5. Bare metal, hardware, and scope buffer status together with set-point, parameter, and flag input forms are shown to the final user on a Matlab GUI. https://scispace.com/papers/udp-glucose-6-dehydrogenase-knockout-impairs-migration-and-2h9yrax7np 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hazard-ratio-hr-and-p-values-p-for-high-vs-low-3fvmrez9.png Table 1. Hazard Ratio (HR) and p-values (p) for high vs low expression of UDP-glucose pathway genes in various subsets of breast cancer patients. HR values larger than 1 indicate that the high-expression cohort has shorter survival times, while HR values smaller than 1 indicate that the high-expression cohort has longer survival times. Values in parentheses indicate the 95% confidence range. HR values with p < 0.05 are shown in bold. HR values with p < 0.01 are shaded in red (HR > 1; significant correlation with worse survival) or green (HR < 1; significant correlation with better survival). BC, breast cancer; ER, estrogen receptor; HER2, human epidermal growth factor 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ugdh-ko-cells-grow-and-metastasize-poorly-following-wqyl14ct.png Figure 6. Ugdh-KO cells grow and metastasize poorly following orthotopic implantation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-uxs1-ko-does-not-significantly-affect-tumor-growth-3u11qgxz.png Figure 7. Uxs1 KO does not significantly affect tumor growth or metastasis. (A) Relative abundance of UDP-xylose in WT, Ugdh-KO and Uxs1-KO cells. Values are displayed relative to WT and represent average of 3 replicates. Error bars represent standard deviations. Asterisks (*) denote statistically significant difference (p-value < 0.05 by Welch’s t-test) compared to WT. (B) Tumor weights at endpoint of 28 days post-injection. (C) Representative images of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained lung sections from mice injected with WT vs Uxs1-KO cells. Dark blue regions are metastatic tumor tissue, which are nuclei-dense and heavily stained by blue hematoxylin dye. (D) Metastatic tissue area relative to total lung area in mice injected with WT or Uxs1-KO cells. (E) Number of discrete metastatic lesions counted on lung sections of mice injected with WT or Uxs1-KO cells. Values presented in B, D and E are averages of 5 animal replicates and error bars represent standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ugdh-ko-cancer-cells-have-decreased-migratory-1z3sxb7q.png Figure 3. Ugdh-KO cancer cells have decreased migratory ability. (A) Proliferation curve showing no difference in WT versus Ugdh-KO cell counts over 4 days. The vertical axis shows cell count on a logarithmic scale. Values are the average of 3 measurements and error bars are standard deviations. (B) Measurement of migration ability by wound healing (gap closure) assay shows a significant difference between WT and Ugdh-KO cells. Left: Representative images of WT and Ugdh-KO cells at 12.5 and 18.5 h after starting the wound healing assay. Right: quantification results of migrated distance, relative to start point at t = 3 h. Values are averages of 6 images (2 locations per well, 3 well replicates). (C) Measurement of chemotactic migration by the Boyden chamber assay shows a significant difference between WT and Ugdh-KO cells. Left: Representative fluorescent images of Hoechst 33342-stained cells on underside of Transwell inserts, showing large, oval-shaped nuclei of fully migrated cells. Right: barplot showing number of fully migrated nuclei following 16 hours of migration. Barplot values and error bars are averages and standard deviations, respectively, of 27 images (9 images per well, 3 well replicates). Asterisks (*) denote statistical significance (p-value < 0.05 by Welch’s t-test) in the difference between WT and Ugdh-KO. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ugdh-ko-abolishes-udp-glucuronate-but-not-udp-11n4ljjb.png Figure 4. Ugdh-KO abolishes UDP-glucuronate but not UDP-xylose production. Relative abundance of (A) metabolites in the UDP-glucose pathway, (B) other metabolites significantly altered in Ugdh-KO. Values are displayed relative to wild-type (WT) cells and represent average of 3 replicates. Error bars represent standard deviations. Asterisks (*) denote statistical significance (p-value < 0.05 by Welch’s t-test). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-high-ugdh-and-low-uxs1-expression-correlates-with-6zht5sp5.png Figure 2. High UGDH and low UXS1 expression correlates with worse patient survival in poor-prognosis subsets of breast cancer. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showing relapse-free survival for patients with high and low expression of genes in the UDP-glucose pathway, generated in KM Plotter for (A) all breast cancer, (B) basal intrinsic subtype breast cancer, which has the worst prognosis among intrinsic subtypes; and (C) ER-negative breast cancer, which has worse prognosis than ER-positive breast cancer. Cut-off values for splitting highversus low-expression patient groups were automatically determined using the ‘Auto select cutoff’ option in KM Plotter. Hazard ratios and p-values are also listed in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ugdh-ko-does-not-transcriptionally-inhibit-emt-in-3aiitr49.png Figure 5. Ugdh-KO does not transcriptionally inhibit EMT in 6DT1 cells. Expression levels of genes associated with EMT in 6DT1 cells quantified by qPCR. Only Cdh1, Fn1 and Six1 are transcriptionally upregulated in Ugdh-KO cells; of these, only Cdh1 upregulation is consistent with decreased EMT. All expression levels are normalized to control gene Tubb5 and displayed relative to WT. Relative quantitation values shown are averages of 4 replicates (2 cell culture replicates × 2 PCR plate replicates). Error bars represent ranges in the relative quantitation values, calculated from standard deviation of corresponding ΔΔCT values (relative quantitation, RQ = 2^ΔΔCT). Statistically significant differences between WT and Ugdh-KO are indicated by asterisks: *, p < 0.05 and **, p < 0.01, where p-values are calculated from ΔΔCT values using Welch’s t-test. ΔΔCT: difference in real-time PCR cycle threshold difference between gene of interest and control gene between Ugdh-KO and WT samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-parallel-nucleotide-sugar-producing-pathways-pvhpefic.png Figure 1. Two parallel nucleotide sugar-producing pathways with significance in breast cancer. Nucleotide sugars are highlighted in bold. https://scispace.com/papers/uhf-power-conversion-with-gan-hemt-class-e-2-topologies-5b5ej2twf5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measured-results-output-voltage-and-efficiency-for-uhf-kwmmrjsn.png Fig. 4. Measured results (output voltage and efficiency) for UHF dc/dc converters implementing different control techniques: a) PWM carrier bursts [6] and b) frequency modulation [11]. The overall efficiency calculation, ηov, includes also the power of the gate driving signals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-measured-results-of-a-large-signal-bandwidth-and-b-1dztzzoq.png Fig. 5. Measured results of a) large-signal bandwidth and b) slew rate for the 1 GHz FM-controlled GaN HEMT class-E2 converter of Fig. 3b. Details of the FM envelope coding technique were included in [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-measured-results-output-voltage-efficiency-and-3rys168n.png Fig. 6. Measured results (output voltage, efficiency and oscillating frequency) for the self-oscillating and self-synchronous converter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-photographs-with-implementation-details-of-the-gan-3qj291n1.png Fig. 3. Photographs with implementation details of the GaN HEMTbased UHF dc/dc converters. The design frequencies are a) 780 MHz [6] and b) 1 GHz [11]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematics-of-uhf-class-e2-converters-using-the-a-1tcfzbqw.png Fig. 2. Schematics of UHF class-E2 converters using the a) polyharmonic impedance synthesizing approach [6] and b) the self-resonant coil-based network [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-measured-evolution-of-output-voltage-amplitude-and-fwbsm7jy.png Fig. 7. Measured evolution of output voltage amplitude and efficiency for a class-E inverter with reduced sensitivity to load variations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-class-e-inverter-b-a-class-e-synchronous-2udjwff4.png Fig. 1. a) The class-E inverter, b) a class-E synchronous rectifier, and c) a class-E2 DC/DC converter obtained when cascading a) and b) [9, 11]. At UHF band, the parallel capacitance (Cp) is generally provided by the device output capacitance. Characteristic waveforms have been also included for an ideal 100% efficiency operation. https://scispace.com/papers/uhd-video-dataset-for-evaluation-of-privacy-4nfjns2wjz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-different-video-sequences-in-pevid-39rzoxyw.png Table 1: Summary of the different video sequences in PEViD-UHD dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-answers-for-which-subjects-were-certain-1zuiecl9.png Fig. 4: Answers, for which subjects were certain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-correct-answers-to-the-questions-njmsc8lc.png Fig. 3: Correct answers to the questions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-video-frame-examples-from-the-pevid-uhd-dataset-3ixodg2n.png Fig. 1: Video frame examples from the PEViD-UHD dataset. https://scispace.com/papers/uip-the-carry-trade-and-minsky-s-financial-instability-2g7em2qf7h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-sample-one-month-carry-fe32mp6r.png Table 3: Descriptive Statistics of Sample One Month Carry Trade against the Euro https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-influences-on-the-carry-trade-funded-by-us-dollars-2r6o40nd.png Table 4: Influences on the carry trade funded by US dollars https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-distribution-of-usd-carry-trade-returns-in-348go20d.png Figure 2: The Distribution of USD Carry Trade Returns in Moderation and Crisis https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-influences-on-the-carry-trade-funded-by-the-euro-xd1zsoqc.png Table 5: Influences on the carry trade funded by the Euro https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-vix-index-and-critical-thresholds-used-in-the-tebhmxmq.png Figure 1: The VIX index and critical thresholds used in the study https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-carry-trade-vs-us-dollar-a-comparison-of-crisis-c-2atj91bg.png Table 6: Carry trade vs US dollar: A comparison of Crisis (C) and Moderation (M) modes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-imf-exchange-rate-arrangements-and-monetary-policy-213y4kev.png Table 1: IMF Exchange Rate Arrangements and Monetary Policy Frameworks 1994 - 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-distribution-of-eur-carry-trade-returns-in-1wei5hfg.png Figure 3: The Distribution of EUR Carry Trade Returns in Moderation and Crisis https://scispace.com/papers/uhf-rfid-desktop-reader-antennas-performance-analysis-in-the-4545cbppiq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-probability-density-function-of-the-normalized-power-1pet4632.png Fig. 2. Probability density function of the normalized power density computed in an area of 275x136 mm2 for [12]–[14] and 160x160 mm2 for the CP patch, at (a) 0.5 and (b) 20 cm from the antenna surface. The curves have been obtained by averaging the values computed at different frequencies in the range between 902 and 928 MHz (with a 2-MHz step). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-normalized-power-density-versus-the-distance-from-vq7jkndt.png Fig. 1. Mean normalized power density, versus the distance from the antenna surface, for all the antenna configurations taken into account. The normalized power density has been averaged on an area of 275x136 mm2 for [12]–[14] and 160x160 mm2 for the CP patch, and on a set of frequencies between 902 and 928 MHz (with a 2-MHz frequency step). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tag-detection-test-for-the-a-snake-antenna-b-meandered-2yjphe7d.png Fig. 3. Tag detection test for the (a) snake antenna, (b) meandered TWAs array,,modular antenna, and (d) CP patch. A UH113 tag has been used, by varying distance and position of the tag with respect to antenna surface. https://scispace.com/papers/uk-public-library-roles-and-value-a-focus-group-analysis-vxs21nv3fw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-focus-groups-2gb559fb.png Table 1: focus groups https://scispace.com/papers/uk-young-adults-safety-awareness-online-is-it-a-girl-thing-1i0ta5v6yu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-responses-to-the-question-do-you-worry-about-anyone-mwlg6zq7.png Figure 3: Responses to the question ‘Do you worry about anyone seeing your personal information online?’ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-male-and-female-responses-to-the-question-has-3rzu282n.png Figure 4: Male and female responses to the question ‘Has anyone ever done the following to you online?’ (by percentage) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-male-and-female-responses-to-the-question-has-you-gd7z5fzh.png Figure 5: Male and female responses to the question ‘Has you ever done the following online?’ (by percentage) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-male-and-female-responses-to-the-question-what-are-1sfp2n3k.png Figure 1 Male and Female responses to the question ‘What are your privacy settings on social-networking sites?’ (by percentage) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-male-and-female-responses-to-the-question-how-do-1ecxrc8o.png Figure 2: Male and female responses to the question ‘How do you decide who can become your friend on a social networking site?’ (by percentage) https://scispace.com/papers/uk-sustainable-drainage-systems-past-present-and-future-3l061rt0nr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-concept-of-exceedance-digman-et-al-2014-amwumcmx.png Figure 2 the concept of exceedance (Digman et al, 2014; copyright Ciria). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-seven-steps-to-routine-business-for-sustainable-1y913wbh.png Figure 6: Seven steps to routine business for sustainable drainage technology for the built environment in the UK. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-illustration-of-the-use-of-a-swale-in-managing-35iuvd04.png Figure 3 An illustration of the use of a swale in managing exceedance flows に a network of swales conveys flows in excess of the 1 in 30 year design event safely through the Upton housing development (Ciria) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-pillars-and-design-objectives-of-suds-design-20lnzra4.png Figure 5 the pillars and design objectives of SuDS design (Woods-Ballard et al, 2015) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-uptown-normal-illinois-usa-ni-a-community-event-27ceefnw.png Figure 4 Uptown Normal, Illinois, USA に a community event held on what is usually a road traffic roundabout [by permission of The Town of Normal]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-suds-schemes-ni-clockwise-from-top-left-2sjyudhk.png Figure 1 Examples of SuDS schemes に clockwise from top left: Highway draining Biofilters in Ashford (Sue Ilman); Sデﾗヴ;ｪW H;ゲｷﾐ H;ﾏｷﾉデﾗﾐ ふBヴｷ;ﾐ DげAヴI┞ぶき University of York campus swale (by permission of Arup); Linear wetland, Stamford (Steve Wilson) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ciria-suds-multiple-benefit-best-valuation-tool-vgz13vit.png Table 1 Ciria SuDS multiple benefit (BeST) valuation tool categories https://scispace.com/papers/ultra-boost-for-economy-extending-the-limits-of-extreme-4df8su26wh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-final-intake-ip18-and-exhaust-ports-38vcbx6m.png Fig. 8. Final intake (‘IP18’) and exhaust ports https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-piston-and-connecting-rod-assembly-3bgiih2a.png Fig. 4. Piston and connecting rod assembly https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cylinder-head-assembly-note-the-fully-machined-inlet-9o3siifx.png Fig. 3. Cylinder head assembly. Note the fully-machined inlet ports and the twin-lobe ‘thumper cams’ at the back of the head, providing uneven https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-water-cooled-exhaust-manifold-wcem-top-view-showing-3gcipbfm.png Fig. 16. Water-cooled exhaust manifold (WCEM). Top: view showing https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-overall-vehicle-implementation-improvements-over-36eca44u.png Table 10. Overall vehicle implementation improvements over the 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-30-data-published-by-mcallister-and-buckley-and-used-in-3ez4f0fc.png Fig. 30. Data published by McAllister and Buckley and used in the original sizing assessments for achieving a 23% reduction in fuel https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-overall-vehicle-implementation-improvements-over-the-1ldvrs7h.png Table 9. Overall vehicle implementation improvements over the 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-31-turbocharger-compressor-blade-erosion-found-at-the-e2vq26ie.png Fig. 31. Turbocharger compressor blade erosion found at the end of testing during Phase 3 https://scispace.com/papers/ultra-diffuse-and-ultra-compact-galaxies-in-the-frontier-3jtjkm8bjp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-radial-surface-density-distribution-of-udgs-green-kfdnigx4.png Figure 5. Radial surface density distribution of UDGs (green), UCDs (red), and ASTRODEEP (Castellano et al. 2016; Merlin et al. 2016) galaxies with photometric redshifts 0.2<zphot<0.4 and stellar masses >5×10 7Me (blue) in A2744. A background correction of 0.93arcmin−2 was subtracted off the UDG profile (from the XDF), and a correction of 76arcmin−2 was applied to the UCD profile (from the parallel field). The gray regions denote radii not covered by WFC3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-abundance-of-udgs-with-halo-mass-this-is-an-3w0981hx.png Figure 4. Abundance of UDGs with halo mass. This is an extension to Figure5 by Román & Trujillo (2016). We show our estimate of the total number of UDGs in A2744 along with values from the literature (see the text for details). Also shown is the best-fit relation from vdB16, which has a powerlaw slope of 0.93±0.16. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-histogram-of-compact-stellar-systems-in-the-central-xcbs6ugg.png Figure 3. Histogram of compact stellar systems in the central 300 kpc of A2744. Absolute F814W magnitudes have been converted into stellar masses assuming [Fe/H]=−0.6, formation redshifts of z=6, and a Chabrier (2003) IMF. Using a GC upper mass cutoff of 2×106Me, all of the detected compact systems are UCDs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-galfit-circularized-effective-radii-and-the-32jm67qi.png Figure 1. Left: GALFIT circularized effective radii and the absolute mean surface brightness within Re of extended objects in A2744 (cluster and parallel fields; purple dots) and the XDF (blue triangles), as well as Coma UDGs from Yagi et al. (2016; gray crosses). We select UDGs with Re 1.5kpc, 23.8 26.3 mag arcsece,abs 2 má ñ - and Sérsic index n 4. Right: sizes and absolute magnitudes, along with corresponding stellar masses, of visually checked UDGs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-galfit-fits-for-six-udgs-for-each-3bwzcuxm.png Figure 2. Examples of GALFIT fits for six UDGs. For each galaxy, from left to right are the F814W image, the GALFIT model, and the residual image. The best-fit Sérsic parameters are shown, whereMr is the absolute r-band magnitude, Re is the circularized effective radius in kpc, μ is the absolute r-band mean surface brightness within Re in magarcsec −2, and n is the Sérsic index. The images are 4 5×4 5. https://scispace.com/papers/ultimate-capacity-of-a-segmental-grey-cast-iron-tunnel-j7b9e8k9w4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-measured-extrados-joint-opening-at-60deg-and-drco06ly.png Figure 12: Measured extrados joint opening at 60° and 120° locations during Stage II loading. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-ring-failure-mode-1jmco16b.png Figure 9: Ring failure mode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-measured-radial-displacement-for-test-1-and-test-2-hzv0oxf8.png Figure 10: Measured radial displacement for Test 1 and Test 2 during Stage II loading. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gci-segment-combined-axial-load-bending-moment-1n7yux96.png Figure 5: GCI segment combined axial load bending moment capacity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-change-in-bolt-force-at-0deg-and-180deg-joints-1cigobvz.png Figure 14: Change in bolt force at 0° and 180° joints during Stage II loading in Test 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-change-in-bolt-force-at-0deg-and-180deg-joints-14kjhwgj.png Figure 13: Change in bolt force at 0° and 180° joints during Stage II loading in Test 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematic-illustration-of-the-ring-loading-regime-i786mafp.png Figure 6: Schematic illustration of the ring loading regime for laboratory tests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-test-measured-bending-moment-distribution-around-3o7yxzb0.png Figure 17: Test measured bending moment distribution around the GCI ring - Test 2. https://scispace.com/papers/ultra-compact-silicon-photonic-integrated-interferometer-for-auwp3r9zco 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-oct-cross-sectional-image-average-of-100-b-scans-of-a-2dpo7jl8.png Fig. 3. OCT cross-sectional image (average of 100 B-scans) of a layered tissue phantom. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-interference-fringe-for-a-reflection-from-a-mirror-b-1vstnlbo.png Fig. 2. (a) Interference fringe for a reflection from a mirror. (b) Fourier-transform of the interference signal; before (blue) and after (red) dispersion compensation. The peak of the blue line is normalized to 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-of-the-oct-setup-with-the-photonic-y982cbyp.png Fig. 1. (a) Schematic of the OCT setup with the photonic integrated circuit, pc: polarization controller, C1, C2, C3: 2x2 couplers. The direction of the light is indicated by red arrows (b) Microscope image of the fabricated photonic integrated interferometer. https://scispace.com/papers/ultra-high-bit-rate-optical-phase-conjugation-wavelength-3452kpni3x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-eye-diagrams-of-204-km-mssi-transmission-a-minimum-and-22hharjj.png Fig. 4 Eye diagrams of 204 km MSSI transmission: (a) minimum and (b) maximum received signal https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bit-error-rate-performance-a-20-gbit-s-polarisation-h9js3ibz.png Fig. 3 Bit error rate performance: (a) 20 Gbit/s, polarisation independent and (b) 40 Gbit/s https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-optical-spectra-of-a-dsf-and-b-soa-based-conjugators-219hhqyg.png Fig 2 Optical spectra of (a) DSF- and (b) SOA-based conjugators (solid lines and dotted lines represent two extreme signal polarisation cases) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-3me7eown.png Fig. 1 Experimental setup https://scispace.com/papers/ultra-lightweight-cement-3y87r4gidn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tensile-strength-crush-diagram-2pqk0o0d.png Figure 1—Tensile strength crush diagram https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-compositions-tested-gjdw67mi.png Table 1—Compositions Tested https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-compressive-strength-normalized-to-24-hour-values-2gc2f7to.png Table 2—Compressive Strength, Normalized to 24-Hour Values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reference-bar-1pbw9y6j.png Figure 3—Reference bar https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-expansion-test-specimen-mold-schematics-3dcx9xhe.png Figure 2—Expansion test specimen mold schematics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-linear-expansion-2azjtuw9.png Table 4—% Linear Expansion https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-tensile-strength-normalized-to-24-hour-values-2udzt6sb.png Table 3—Tensile Strength, Normalized to 24-Hour Values https://scispace.com/papers/ultra-narrow-linewidth-cw-sub-thz-generation-using-gs-based-5fiwkwfmu7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-continuous-tunability-measured-data-average-values-x3hjo82q.png Fig. 4 Continuous tunability. Measured data (average values: black dots; standard deviation: black caps); and linear fit (grey trace). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-synthesized-signal-at-120-ghz-measured-black-trace-and-j3pg4dg1.png Fig. 3 Synthesized signal at 120 GHz. Measured (black trace) and Lorentzian fit (grey trace). Inset: reference signal measured with similar dynamic range (same axis). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-optical-spectra-of-the-ofcg-output-black-trace-and-n-i-2rhloafw.png Fig. 2 Optical spectra of the OFCG output (black trace) and n-i-pn-i-p superlattice photomixer input (grey trace). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ofcg-basic-scheme-a-electrical-amplifier-3db-c-3-db-1efblgty.png Fig. 1 OFCG basic scheme. A: electrical amplifier; 3dB-C: 3-dB coupler; DM: Discrete Mode Laser; PS: electrical phase shifter; PM: optical phase modulator. https://scispace.com/papers/ultra-low-friction-between-boundary-layers-of-hyaluronan-daqjyc4o9s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-force-fn-d-versus-distance-d-profiles-between-two-bhvtpy2c.png Figure 4. Force Fn(D) versus distance D profiles between two avidin-bHA-DMPC bearing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-normal-force-fn-d-versus-distance-d-profiles-2t01p9qc.png Figure 3. Normal force Fn(D) versus distance D profiles between two avidin-bHA-HSPC bearing surfaces: black filled symbols are first approaches, empty symbols are receding profiles, and crossed blue symbols are second approaches. Red symbols refer to https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-force-fn-d-versus-distance-d-profiles-between-two-161bfjvw.png Figure 5. Force Fn(D) versus distance D profiles between two avidin-bHA-POPC bearing surfaces: black filled symbols are first approaches, empty symbols are receding profiles, and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-typical-shear-force-versus-time-traces-for-avidin-2ye8d5mu.png Figure 6. Typical shear force versus time traces for avidin-bHA-HSPC bearing surfaces, at a given contact point on a first approach. Pressures were calculated using P = Fn/A = Fn /(a 2 ), where a is the radius of the contact area measured directly from the flattening of the interference fringes. The upper set of curves is at lower pressures (P < 50 atm) while the lower set is for higher P values, where the top trace in each set is the applied lateral motion. Plateaus in the traces indicate sliding (including the stick-slip sliding); where no plateau is clearly seen, fast fourier transform of the data yields Fs at the lateral drive frequency[47]. https://scispace.com/papers/ultra-low-frequency-waves-in-the-ion-foreshock-of-mercury-a-38ladnx5cy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-the-plasma-properties-in-the-analysed-2eg7qj5c.png Figure 2. Overview of the plasma properties in the analysed Mercury simulation run at t = 350 s. (a,b) The top panels show the total ion density (n) at the xy (z = 0) and xz (y = 0) planes with the structure of the foreshock perpendicular to the xy plane displayed on an inclined slice oriented along Bsw. The ion bulk velocity vectors are shown in black on the xy plane with the maximum vector length limited at twice the upstream undisturbed solar wind speed. (c,d) The middle panels display the proton scalar kinetic temperature (T(H+)) in the same format as the top panels. (e,f) The bottom panels show the By component of the magnetic field in similar format as the top panels. Note that n and By are temporal averages over 20 time-steps (0.2 s) whereas T(H+) is a snapshot value. A red–blue difference colour map is chosen in panels (e,f) to visualize fluctuations centred around the undisturbed upstream By value, which correspond to the white colour. Points P1 and P2 mark the locations of the simulation cells that are used to analyse plasma temporal properties in this work. The thick black arrows in panels (a,b) give the orientation of the coordinate axes and the following vectors in the undisturbed upstream region: the solar wind bulk velocity (U sw), the interplanetary magnetic field (Bsw), and the convection electric field (Esw). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-psd-of-the-magnetic-field-in-the-mva-coordinate-3vhckkiw.png Figure 9. PSD of the magnetic field in the MVA coordinate system at P1 in the period of t = 295–311 s. https://scispace.com/papers/ultra-low-loss-silicon-waveguides-for-heterogeneously-3zeydwzclu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-contributions-from-various-noise-sources-to-the-8olujvsp.png Figure 11. Contributions from various noise sources to the rotation noise spectral density as a function of Sagnac loop length for optical output power P0 = 100 mW and waveguide propagation loss = 4 dB/m. Calculations were based on the analysis presented in [44]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-contributions-from-various-noise-sources-to-the-3jfpdfxd.png Figure 11. Contributions from various noise sources to the rotation noise spectral density as a function of Sagnac loop length for optical output power P0 = 100 mW and waveguide propagation loss = 4 dB/m. Calculations were based on the analysis presented in [44]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-n-se-i-age-of-the-fabricated-lo-k-ragg-rating-2kdmi3yf.png Figure 6. (a) n SE i age of the fabricated lo κ ragg rating aveguide ith a close-up of the holes on both sides of t e e i e. (b) Theoretical calculations of gratings’ full width half ax (F ) versus varying κL for 0.5, 1 and 2 c long grating waveguides. Circular blue markers show the easured data. (c,d) Spectra of reflection and trans ission of 1 c long grating waveguides ith κ = 1.25 c −1 and κ = 4.0 cm−1, respectively. The ripples are caused by reflections off the aveguide facets. (e) The extracted κ, ∆n, and exponential fit as a function of aveguide to hole distance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-an-sem-image-of-the-fabricated-low-k-bragg-aoqhjrx0.png Figure 6. (a) n SE i age of the fabricated lo κ ragg rating aveguide ith a close-up of the holes on both sides of t e e i e. (b) Theoretical calculations of gratings’ full width half ax (F ) versus varying κL for 0.5, 1 and 2 c long grating waveguides. Circular blue markers show the easured data. (c,d) Spectra of reflection and trans ission of 1 c long grating waveguides ith κ = 1.25 c −1 and κ = 4.0 cm−1, respectively. The ripples are caused by reflections off the aveguide facets. (e) The extracted κ, ∆n, and exponential fit as a function of aveguide to hole distance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-schematic-mask-layout-of-an-integrated-2u7z5ptd.png Figure 10. Schematic mask layout of an integrated interferometric optical gyroscope on heterogeneous silicon photonics. The sensing part of the gyroscope is the four-meter long ULL silicon waveguide spiral with propagation loss ~4 dB/m. The sensing coil waveguides were connected with a compact integrated optical driver ([10]) via tapers to standard and compact waveguides. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-schematic-mask-layout-of-an-integrated-2wuf08b7.png Figure 10. Schematic mask layout of an integrated interferometric optical gyroscope on heterogeneous silicon photonics. The sensing part of the gyroscope is the four-meter long ULL silicon waveguide spiral with propagation loss ~4 dB/m. The sensing coil waveguides were connected with a compact integrated optical driver ([10]) via tapers to standard and compact waveguides. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-cross-sectional-geometry-of-the-ultra-low-loss-3hcz36je.png Figure 2. (a) Cross-sectional geometry of the ultra-low loss (ULL) Si waveguides in this work. The thickness of the buried oxide (BOX) and the Si device layer are 1 µm and 500 nm, respectively. The 56 nm tall Si rib is formed by dry-etching, leaving a 444 nm thick Si slab. (b) Effective index ve sus waveguide width in the 56 nm rib Si waveguide. Th waveguide is quasi-single mod within t yellow co ored region. Inset: Electric field profile of the funda ental mode in 1.8 µm wide waveguide. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-mask-layout-of-spiral-delay-lines-with-52-2-cm-3jtx5q24.png Figure 4. (a) Mask layout of spiral delay lines with 52.2 cm total length and 850 µm minimum bend radius (b) Optical Backscatter Reflectometry (OBR) data from the spiral with 1.8 µm width. A linear fit of the waveguide backscatter is shown with the dashed red line. The propagation loss of the waveguide can be approximated as 1/2 of the slope of the fitted line. (c) Wavelength dependence of the propagation loss (mean and standard deviation) of waveguides with different widths (1.8 µm, 3.0 µm and 8.0 µm). https://scispace.com/papers/ultra-thin-metamaterial-for-perfect-and-quasi-oejyan79mb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-scheme-of-the-unit-cell-of-the-panel-composed-of-a-1rd12slv.png FIG. 5. (a) Scheme of the unit cell of the panel composed of a set of N Helmholtz resonators. Periodic boundary conditions are applied at boundaries Γx1=d and Γx1=0, which reduces to symmetric (rigid) boundary conditions for normal incidence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-square-cross-section-helmholtz-resonator-hrs-b-1hwu3lgh.png FIG. 4. (a) Square cross-section Helmholtz resonator (HRs). (b) Conceptual view of the metamaterial panel placed on a rigid wall with N = 4 layers of HRs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-photograph-of-the-experimental-setup-with-a-vertical-25h38qzr.png FIG. 3. (a) Photograph of the experimental setup with a vertical unit cell, N = 1, in the interior of the impedance tube. The translucent resin allows to see the array of HRs. Picture shows the tube open, but it was closed for the experiments. (b) Absorption of the system measured experimentally (crosses), calculated by the full modal expansion (thick continuous gray), effective parameters (dashed red), transfer matrix method (continuous blue) and finite element method (circles). (c) Representation of the reflection coefficient in the complex frequency plane for the optimized sample. Each line shows the trajectory of its zero by changing a geometry parameter. (d) Absorption peak as a function of the angle of incidence calculated by the effective parameters (dashed red), transfer matrix method (continuous blue). The inset in (d) shows the absorption coefficient in diffuse field as a function of frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-conceptual-view-of-the-thin-panel-placed-on-a-rigid-3iaw72dy.png FIG. 1. (a) Conceptual view of the thin panel placed on a rigid wall with one layer of square cross-section Helmholtz resonators, N = 1. (b) Scheme of the unit cell of the panel composed of a set of N Helmholtz resonators. Symmetry boundary conditions are applied at boundaries Γx1=d and Γx1=0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-absorption-of-a-panel-calculated-with-and-without-ghlnfz4j.png FIG. 6. Absorption of a panel calculated with and without including the end correction of the slit for a panel of N = 3 resonators with parameters h = 1.2 mm, a = 1.2 cm, wn = a/6, wc = a/2, d = 7 cm, ln = d/3, and lc = d− h− ln. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-phase-speed-for-a-panel-of-n-3-resonators-calculated-1jqg8wvz.png FIG. 2. (a) Phase speed for a panel of N = 3 resonators calculated by full modal expansion (continuous gray), effective parameters (dotted) and TMM (dashed) for the lossless case (blue) and including thermo-viscous losses (red). (b) Corresponding wavenumber, where k0 is the wavenumber in air. (c) Absorption of the panel. The dashed-dotted line marks the resonant frequency of the HRs and the shaded area corresponds to the band-gap. (d) Complex-frequency planes of the reflection coefficient calculated by TMM where fr and fi is the real and imaginary part of the complex frequency. https://scispace.com/papers/ultra-rapid-axon-axon-ephaptic-inhibition-of-cerebellar-30v4ygnb4p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pinceau-model-33wcg03f.png Figure 4: Pinceau model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-components-of-the-pinceau-field-194xb03o.png Figure 3: Two components of the pinceau field https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-opposing-direct-excitation-3oxcqey4.png Figure 6: Opposing direct excitation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-extracellular-voltage-field-at-the-pinceau-29kqwmrl.png Figure 2: Extracellular voltage field at the pinceau https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-non-synaptic-inhibition-of-purkinje-cells-3brdzj5s.png Figure 1: Non-synaptic inhibition of Purkinje cells https://scispace.com/papers/ultra-sensitive-brillouin-nanofiber-force-sensor-2of8z168ds 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-bfs-as-a-function-of-applied-force-for-different-hff9vbv7.png Fig. 4 (a) BFS as a function of applied force for different diameters of tapered optical fibres (red) 630 nm, (black) 780 nm, (green) 1070 nm, (orange) 1250nm, and (blue) 1570 nm. (b) Brillouin sensitivity as a function of the nanofiber diameter, experiment (red) and theory (black). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-sketch-of-the-experimental-setup-to-measure-the-3w2ypivy.png Fig. 3 (a) Sketch of the experimental setup to measure the Brillouin spectrum for different applied force. Zoom, picture of the optical fiber connected to commercial strain gauge. (b) Experimental Brillouin spectrum in tapered optical fiber with a diameter of 630nm for 5 different applied forces. https://scispace.com/papers/ultra-wide-bandwidth-wavelength-monitor-with-sub-picometer-3jsljdizgs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulation-of-the-bw-as-a-function-of-the-tilt-angle-1z5ypfj9.png Fig. 5. Simulation of the BW as a function of the tilt angle and for different SNR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measured-tap-ratio-in-the-vicinity-of-i-e-at-the-250dcbnz.png Fig. 4. Measured tap ratio in the vicinity of , i.e., at the lowest wavelength slope (0.6 dB/nm) for a fixed state of polarization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-measurement-of-the-scattered-optical-powers-and-their-1gu7j3pq.png Fig. 3. Measurement of the scattered optical powers and their ratio as a function of the launched laser power at a fixed wavelength (1515 nm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-measurement-of-tap-spectra-and-ratio-spectra-of-the-gmllggmk.png Fig. 2. Measurement of tap spectra and ratio spectra of the wavelength monitor. Solid lines are tap ratios. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scheme-of-the-wavelength-monitoring-device-1aunajpl.png Fig. 1. Scheme of the wavelength monitoring device. https://scispace.com/papers/ultra-wideband-dual-polarization-silicon-nitride-power-ab7tbgcr4y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scanning-electron-microscope-image-a-of-the-fabricated-d0ih7tu5.png Fig. 4. Scanning electron microscope image (a) of the fabricated power splitter. Measured transmittance spectra of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer for (b) TE and (c) TM polarizations over the 1.26 µm – 1.68 µm wavelength range. (d) Imbalance and (e) insertion loss calculated from MZI measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulated-insertion-loss-of-the-proposed-sin-power-gf388tx5.png Fig. 3. Simulated insertion loss of the proposed SiN power splitter for (a) TE and (b) TM polarizations. Simulated imbalance for (c) TE and (d) TM polarizations. Tolerances to fabrication errors of ∆𝛿 = ±50 nm are also represented for both insertion loss and imbalance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulated-and-experimental-insertion-loss-il-2u9pp13r.png Table 1. Simulated (*) and experimental insertion loss (IL), imbalance (IB) and bandwidth (BW) of state-of-the-art silicon nitride power splitters. Worst performance was considered in dual-polarization splitters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-proposed-silicon-nitride-power-2lkw58sm.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the proposed silicon nitride power splitter based on a single-mode slot waveguide. TE-polarized light (labeled in blue) and TM-polarized light (magenta) are equally split by the two symmetric output tapers in a wavelength agnostic manner. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-calculated-effective-index-of-fundamental-and-first-2jtk1666.png Fig. 2. (a) Calculated effective index of fundamental and first-order TE and TM modes in a slot waveguide with 𝑊𝑅 = 𝐺𝑆 = 200 nm. (b) Insertion loss of the strip-to-slot mode converter as a function of 𝐿𝐴and 𝐿𝐵. (c) Effective index of the fundamental TE and TM modes along the strip-to-slot mode converter. https://scispace.com/papers/ultra-wideband-microwave-imaging-of-heterogeneities-c6yf4zd4do 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-same-images-as-in-fig-4-with-antenna-b-as-transmitter-1c7pg7ex.png Fig. 5. Same images as in Fig. 4 with antenna B as transmitter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-same-images-as-in-fig-4-with-antenna-c-as-transmitter-18jfw4yk.png Fig. 6. Same images as in Fig. 4 with antenna C as transmitter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-stacked-images-at-different-z-levels-of-the-eight-21vi5ggj.png Fig. 13. Stacked images, at different z levels, of the eight target illuminations, normalized and converted to dB, with a −3 dB threshold scale; a) z = 5 cm; b) z = 10 cm; c) z = 15 cm; d) z = 20 cm; e) z = 25 cm; f) z = 30 cm. The horizontal axis corresponds to the antenna array and the vertical one to the propagation distance, both in centimeters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-schematic-of-a-transmitted-wave-travelling-a-3fvgta39.png Fig. 2. (a) Schematic of a transmitted wave travelling a distance r0 to the target and recorded at two receivers respectively located at a distance r1 and r2 from the target. Shown here is the complete idealized delta function time series—the transmitted data leaving the source, the arrival time at the scatterer and the arrival time at each receiver. b) Time-reversed version of a). c) Retropropagation of time-reversed data back to the scatterer with the resultant constructive interference at t′ = T− r0 c . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-same-images-as-in-fig-4-with-antenna-d-as-transmitter-2zgeq3br.png Fig. 7. Same images as in Fig. 4 with antenna D as transmitter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-antenna-a-is-the-transmitter-with-scattered-data-seen-fhwf0x05.png Fig. 4. Antenna A is the transmitter with scattered data, seen as a hyperbolic arrival, on the left, recorded by the whole array. On the right is the normalized image, expressed in dB relative to the maximum, with the white circle representing the bottle in the z = 0 plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-same-images-as-in-fig-4-with-antenna-h-as-transmitter-36g2rfd5.png Fig. 11. Same images as in Fig. 4 with antenna H as transmitter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-stacked-images-at-z-0-of-the-previous-eight-lp8h1w3q.png Fig. 12. Stacked images, at z = 0 of the previous eight experiments, normalized and converted to dB. The one on the left is a full scale image whereas the other one is a −3 dB threshold image. https://scispace.com/papers/ultradeep-sequencing-reveals-hiv-1-diversity-and-resistance-1dqk6sn4t4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hiv-1-reservoir-quantification-viral-diversity-and-w1pax7zn.png Table 1: HIV-1 reservoir quantification, viral diversity and resistance mutations among the 325 different brain areas of cases 1, 2 and 3. 326 https://scispace.com/papers/ultrafast-all-optical-gated-amplifier-based-on-zno-nanowire-4pek82hiu0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-integrated-photoluminescence-experiment-on-a-5d98x0i0.png FIG. 3. Time-integrated photoluminescence experiment on a similar ZnO forest under 800-nm excitation. (a) Measured emission spectra, showing an electronhole recombination peak centered at 3.2 eV and a second harmonic peak centered at 3.1 eV. The scale on the left corresponds to the data at 145 J/m2. The scale on the right corresponds to the data at 645 J/m2. (b) Width (FWHM) of the electron-hole recombination peak vs excitation fluence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-image-of-our-ultrafast-all-optical-gated-amplifier-36m54d2g.png FIG. 1. SEM image of our ultrafast all-optical gated amplifier: a forest of 20 lm long ZnO nanowire lasers. Reprinted with permission from M. A. M. Versteegh, R. E. C. van der Wel, and J. I. Dijkhuis, Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 101108 (2012). Copyright VC 2012 American Institute of Physics. https://scispace.com/papers/ultracold-dipolar-gases-in-optical-lattices-12tqo06c2q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-3-creation-of-a-worm-from-a-given-configuration-one-3dem871o.png Figure 8.3: Creation of a worm. From a given configuration, one worldline is randomly chosen (top), in which a time interval delimited by τmin and τmax is randomly selected. Then within the interval, two points τ1 and τ2 are also chosen randomly and will be the two extremities of the worm. With equal probability one can choose to delete a piece of worldline (bottom left) or draw a piece of worldline (bottom right) and the worm is therefore created. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-7-the-lower-panels-show-the-spatial-noise-n9evnycn.png Figure 3.7: The lower panels show the spatial noise correlation patterns for configurations (I) to (III) in the upper pannels, assuming a localised Gaussian density distribution at each lattice site. Figure from [57]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-representation-of-the-first-four-nearest-13n2tulg.png Figure 3.1: Representation of the first four nearest neighbors of the site labeled as 0 in the 2D lattice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-a-b-action-per-site-and-c-d-energy-barrier-for-3ddddwso.png Figure 3.5: (a,b) Action per site and (c,d) energy barrier for the process sketched in panels (c,d). In both cases the initial state is the configuration (IIb) of Fig. 3.2 and the value J = 0.12UNN corresponds to the tip of its insulating lobe. The first one (a,c) is for degenerate initial and final configurations while for the second one (b,d) the final configuration is energetically deeper. The difference in the two processes manifests also in the height of the barrier which is smaller for the second case, leading to a smaller action and consequently a smaller life-time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-picture-of-an-optical-potential-a-2d-square-2w2kmllo.png Figure 1.1: Picture of an optical potential. (a) 2D square lattice of quasi 1D traps; (b) a 3D cubic lattice, picture taken from [15]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-3-finite-t-melting-of-ss-at-j-v-0-1-a-temperature-t-3jhnl5i5.png Figure 9.3: Finite-T melting of SS at J/V = 0.1: (a) temperature T versus ρs (empty symbols) and S(π, π) (full symbols), for linear size systems of L = 8, 12, 16 and 20 (diamonds, squares, dots, and triangles, respectively); (b) T vs. S(k)L2β/ν , with 2β/ν = 1/4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-a-schematic-representation-of-a-1d-optical-363z6jtu.png Figure 1.3: (a) Schematic representation of a 1D optical lattice; (b) scaled on-site U (solid line) and tunneling coefficient J (dashed line) dependence on the optical potential depth V0. The on-site interaction is multiplied by a/as(≫ 1), where a = λ/2 is the lattice period and as is the s-wave scattering length for atoms of equal mass m. Figure from [22]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-8-a-threshold-versus-the-percentage-of-realizations-ce4w0lar.png Figure 3.8: (a) Threshold versus the percentage of realizations terminating with a population of (IIa) bigger than threshold; as the threshold increases less realizations satisfy the required precision. (b-d) Slices of the discretized space of control parameters; the spots are for processes ending in (IIa) with at least 0.98 population. In (b) we fix Ir = 10× 10−3 and ∆µo = −0.45UNN , in (c) and (d) we fix α = 40× 10−3U2NN and ∆µo = −0.45UNN respectively, for Jm = 0.66UNN . https://scispace.com/papers/ultra-wideband-ge-rich-silicon-germanium-integrated-mach-1xt2hugi19 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-transmission-measurements-in-te-and-tm-polarizations-2scljhyk.png Fig. 2. Transmission measurements in TE and TM polarizations for 9.4 mm-long waveguide and asymmetric MZIs. The reported transmissions include coupling losses in/out of the chip. Red line shows the transmission of the straight waveguide. Blue, green, and purple lines represent the transmission of MZIs with arm difference of: 149 µm, 87 µm and 48 µm respectively. The transmissions are plotted separately to better highlight the spectral features. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fabricated-structures-a-waveguide-cross-section-with-outjzfch.png Fig. 1. Fabricated structures: (a) waveguide cross section with the simulated fundamental TE mode, (b) top view of the MZIs, (c) design of the MMI coupler, (d) fabricated MMI, the etched regions appear in black. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-and-simulated-losses-for-optimized-mmi-1zflvjw1.png Fig. 4. Experimental and simulated losses for optimized MMI structure in TE and TM polarization. The blue line corresponds to quasi-TE polarization calculation and red bars represent the losses measured on 3 different devices. Similarly for quasi-TM polarization green bars represent the distribution of the measured losses whereas the brown line shows the simulated values. Finally purple line represents 1 dB loss limit that is placed on the plots as eye-guide https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-electric-field-intensity-profile-at-l-5-5-um-l-7-5-um-1qobsla3.png Fig. 3. Electric field intensity profile at λ=5.5 µm, λ=7.5 µm, λ=8.5 µm. TE polarization: (a), (b), (c). TM polarization: (d), (e), (f). https://scispace.com/papers/ultraconserved-non-coding-dna-within-insect-phyla-2jlxv1hy1t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-29y1s6r2.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-xtrp4wpw.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/ultrafast-all-optical-shift-register-and-its-perspective-w3epkzwk1f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-seed-configuration-365pm3kq.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the SEED configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-i-v-characteristics-with-different-illumination-3v5q5evp.png Fig. 4. I–V characteristics with different illumination situation. (a) Both of the SEEDs are equally weakly illuminated. (b) Both of the SEEDs are equally strongly illuminated. (c) One of the SEEDs is weakly illuminated, the other one is strongly illuminated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-two-seeds-in-cascade-the-s-seed-1pbwxv4u.png Fig. 3. Two SEEDs in cascade. The S-SEED. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-curves-of-the-seed-absorption-versus-input-beam-3tlwsa8n.png Fig. 2. Curves of the SEED absorption versus input beam wavelength with the perpendicular electrical field as parameter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-single-seed-memory-cell-zdqgcblt.png Fig. 5. A single SEED memory cell. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-combined-all-optical-shift-register-2j72cpeu.png Fig. 6. A combined all-optical shift register. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-i-v-switching-characters-of-s-seeds-at-longer-3729qg3s.png Fig. 11. I–V switching characters of S-SEEDs at longer wavelength. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-photoi-v-characteristic-for-different-seeds-waveguide-3j6rl793.png Fig. 7. PhotoI–V characteristic for different SEED’s waveguide lengths. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrafast-dynamics-of-coherences-in-a-quantum-hall-system-j77nsx7lkb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-three-pulse-fwm-signal-for-the-doped-quantum-well-248ceb6g.png FIG. 1: Three-pulse FWM signal for the doped quantum well along the ∆t12 axis (∆t13 = 0) for low excitation intensity (a) experiment and (b) theory. (Backpanel: Linear absorption and optical pulse.) (c) Top panel: high excitation intensity of doped quantum well along the ∆t12 axis. Bottom panel: B-field dependence of the oscillation frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-numerical-calculation-of-the-ll0-fwm-signal-for-the-2kazj1y2.png FIG. 4: Numerical calculation of the LL0 FWM signal for the ∆t12 axis due to different processes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-third-order-process-contributing-to-the-fwm-signal-in-3vupn3r2.png FIG. 3: Third-order process contributing to the FWM signal (in the direction ks = k1 + k2 −k3) due to (a) M 13 0 (b) M 23 0 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-three-pulse-fwm-signal-for-low-excitation-intensity-wfudubjr.png FIG. 2: Three-pulse FWM signal for low excitation intensity along the ∆t13 axis (∆t12 = 0) (a) doped and (b) undoped quantum well. (Backpanel: Linear absorption and optical pulse.) (c) Comparison of doped and undoped quantum wells for high excitation intensity along the ∆t13 axis. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrafast-carrier-recombination-in-highly-n-doped-ge-on-si-2nrokcsjkk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-and-energy-resolved-differential-transmission-21gr7mo6.png FIG. 3. Time and energy resolved differential transmission change DT=T from doped Ge-on-Si films (a) ND ¼ 1:4 1019 cm 3 and (b) ND ¼ 20 1019 cm 3 at intermediate excitation fluence U ¼ 0:2 mJ=cm2: We estimate an unsaturated photocarrier density of N0 7 1017 cm 3. The dashed line shows the recombination time at 1.8 lm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-and-energy-resolved-differential-transmission-3s3e6fvo.png FIG. 2. Time and energy resolved differential transmission change DT=T from an undoped Ge-on-Si film at intermediate excitation fluence U ¼ 0:2 mJ=cm2. We estimate an unsaturated photocarrier density of N0 7 1017cm 3. The dashed line at 1.9 lm shows a cut, along which the recombination time seff is evaluated. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrafast-energy-electron-transfer-cascade-in-a-4wru0it5ku 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-front-face-emission-spectra-ofl1-l2-sq1-and-sq2-in-33g00gl0.png Figure 5. Front-face emission spectra ofL1 (-), L2 (- - -), Sq1 (- ‚ - ‚ -), and Sq2 (‚ ‚ ‚ ‚) in dichloromethane,λex ) 336 nm. Inset: Expansion of the pyrene emission region. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-acceptor-emission-decay-time-at-615-nm-in-4hwegvz7.png Table 2. Acceptor Emission Decay Time at 615 nm in Dichloromethane at Various Temperatures, λex ) 324 nm, Reported for Sq1 and L121 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-modified-arrhenius-plot-for-photoinduced-charge-323iqb99.png Figure 10. Modified Arrhenius plot for photoinduced charge separation of Sq1(b) andL1 (O) in dichloromethane (λex ) 324 nm), referring to the major emission component. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-right-normalized-species-associated-difference-3mth0hls.png Figure 9. Right: Normalized species associated difference spectra obtained with spectrotemporal analysis. Shown are: black, first excited singlet state of the pyrene (1Py*); green, ‘1Py* (chromophoric heterogeneity); blue, charge transfer state; red, excited-state absorption and emission of the perylene bisimide. Dotted black: 2Py* state. For comparison, the radical anion spectrum obtained forSq2 btained with spectroelectrochemistry (dotted blue) and the (negative) UV-vis absorption spectrum ofSq2 (dotted red) are also shown. Left: Concentration profiles versus time of the four species described above in the same colors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-time-resolved-emission-traces-ofsq1-and-sq2-in-ivy2n5rj.png Figure 6. Time-resolved emission traces ofSq1 and Sq2 in dichloromethane at room temperature (measured with single photon counting, λex ) 324 nm). The quenched lifetime of the pyrene moiety ofSq1measured at 400 nm (a), the rise time of the perylene unit ofSq1at 615 nm (b). The quenched emission of the perylene unit ofSq1at 615 nm (c), emission of Sq2 probed at 615 nm (d). All traces are deconvoluted signals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-femtosecond-transient-spectra-ofsq1-top-andsq2-358ch0py.png Figure 7. Femtosecond transient spectra ofSq1 (top) andSq2 (bottom) in dichloromethane; time delays corresponding to frames are given in the spectra (λex ) 345 nm, 130 fs fwhm). Kinetic profile of the transient absorption measured (A) at 592 nm, (B) at 790 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1h-left-and31p-1h-right-nmr-spectra-of-molecular-u7ko6kxm.png Figure 1. 1H (left) and31P{1H} (right) NMR spectra of molecular squareSq1 in CDCl3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-esi-fticr-ms-ofsq1-solution-in-acetone-ch2cl2-1-1-1srcgai7.png Figure 2. (a) ESI-FTICR-MS ofSq1 (solution in acetone/CH2Cl2, 1:1); (b,c) comparison of the calculated (top) and measured (bottom) spectra of the (b) [Sq1-5OTf]5+ and (c) [Sq1-4OTf]4+ species. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrafast-molecular-frame-electronic-coherences-from-lab-2aoqhz1nlg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-the-experimental-trpad-for-the-observed-1re9skcg.png FIG. 4. (a) The experimental TRPAD for the observed photoelectron band from an evolving wavepacket in the degenerate B̃1E′′ electronic state of NH3. The angle (degrees) on the x-axis is the polar ejection angle θe, plotted as a function of time delay (y-axis). (b)-(c) The βLM parameters extracted from fits to the data in (a) (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-two-electronically-excited-states-n-and-n-with-ne5kdh3l.png FIG. 1. (a) Two electronically excited states |n〉 and |n′〉 with bandgap ∆Eelec are shown, each having their associated vibrational and rotational states. The dashed line indicates a resonant ultrashort laser pulse. For details, see the text. (b) A depiction of the pump-probe TRPADs scheme https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fourier-power-spectra-of-the-time-dependent-data-from-ae6og2pt.png FIG. 5. Fourier power spectra of the time dependent data from Fig. 2(c) and their comparison with theory. (a) |β20(ν)|2 from β20(t); (b) |A200(1, 1; ν)|2 from the calculated A200(1, 1; t); (c) |β40(ν)|2 from β40(t); and (d) |A202(1,−1; ν)|2 from the calculated A202(1,−1; t). As discussed in the SM, the counterpart of (b), |A200(−1,−1; ν)|2, tracking the rotational dynamics in the electronic state Λ = −1, is not shown since it is identical to (b). Similarly, the counterpart of (d), |A20−2(−1, 1; ν)|2, contains no new frequency components and is not shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-for-the-effective-hamiltonian-in-eq-4-3qdfdbp8.png TABLE I. Parameters for the effective Hamiltonian in Eq. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-level-structure-of-the-b1e-state-of-nh3-on-the-left-2w8hktgc.png FIG. 3. Level structure of the B̃1E′′ state of NH3. On the left (black) are levels of the uncoupled degenerate electronic state |Λ = ±1〉. For KΛ = 0 states, the Coriolis coupling vanishes and these remain eigenstates. On the right, when KΛ > 0, the linear Coriolis interaction lifts the degeneracy, yielding two electronic states labeled |Λ = +1〉 (moss green) and |Λ′ = −1〉 (steel blue), each with their level structure. The quadratic Coriolis interaction, as well the Jahn-Teller effect further mixes the states to give the eigenstates in eq. 6. The shift in energy due to this Jahn-Teller mixing is small on the scale shown here, but increases with K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-trpes-spectrum-for-nh3-pumped-at-160-9nm-2dyb3j6r.png FIG. 2. Experimental TRPES spectrum for NH3 pumped at 160.9nm and probed at 400nm. The color scale represents the photoelectron yield in arbitrary units. The vertical solid line marks the expected photoelectron energy for ionization into the (0300) X2A′′2 cationic state. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrafast-photoinduced-dynamics-of-halogenated-10bczhxbgv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-extinction-coefficients-of-a-c5cl6-and-b-c5br6-in-c859rr8h.png Fig. 1 Extinction coefficients of (a) C5Cl6 and (b) C5Br6 in cyclohexane solution together with singlet transitions calculated with CC2/aug-cc-pVDZ. Transitions to A0 states are colored in black, excitations to A00 states in blue. Selected transitions are labeled. Furthermore, visualizations of the MOs, which are most relevant for the selected transitions, are inserted. Moreover, lp and the lpr range of the transient absorption experiments are marked. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-ct-complex-structures-of-c5cl5-cl-above-and-c5br5-br-1z1z0983.png Fig. 8 (a) CT complex structures of C5Cl5 Cl (above) and C5Br5 Br (below) optimized by BP86/def2-SV(P). (b) Interpolated path between the minimum of C5Cl6 and the optimized CT complex minimum calculated at the CC2/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. The abscissa resembles the C–Cl bond dissociation coordinate. The states with A0 symmetry including the ground state are labeled by solid lines, the states with A00 symmetry by dotted lines. The proposed relaxation pattern is marked by arrows. It includes the 1A0 ground state (black), the 1A00 state (dark blue), which the molecule is excited into, and the 3A0 state (violet). Intervening states 2A00 (green) and 2A0 (light blue) are shown not to play a significant role. (c) Relaxation scheme for C5Cl6 and C5Br6 in the gas phase (blue) and in solution (red). The intensities of the generated species in the experimental data are additionally mentioned. After photoexcitation C5X6* directly dissociates in the gas phase with a time constant t1. In solution the same process is also found, but leads to formation of a geminate radical pair [C5X5* X] in a joint solvent cage. Formation of the CT complex [C5X5 X] associated with t3 is accompanied by vibrational cooling of the C5X5* radical fragment (green) associated with t2. The CT complex formation competes with escape of the halogen radical from the joint solvent cage, which cannot be directly observed in the experimental data. Quenching of the CT complex is connected to t4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-the-employed-solvents-at-20-1c-if-not-fsldlaxh.png Table 1 Properties of the employed solvents at 20 1C. If not otherwise indicated, dipole moments were calculated by CC2/aug-cc-pVDZ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-transient-absorption-traces-symbols-of-c5br6-in-1emq5yk2.png Fig. 2 Transient absorption traces (symbols) of C5Br6 in cyclohexane and global fit analysis (lines). Molecules are excited at lp = 350 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-results-from-a-coordinate-scan-of-the-c5cl5-cl-ct-1r68bvlj.png Fig. 9 Results from a coordinate scan of the C5Cl5 Cl CT-complex dissociation by TDDFT/aug-cc-pVDZ. The dissociation coordinate is chosen to be the distance between the loosely bound chlorine atom and its nearest neighbor, a chlorine ring substituent. The black dots represent ground state energies of the CT complex, the blue dots represent energies of the lowest excited state with considerable oscillator strength. Additionally, the calculated oscillator strength of the transition between the two states dependent on the dissociation coordinate is depicted as bars. Enlargement of the bond distance leads to a considerable redshift and weakening of the calculated CT absorption band. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-time-constants-and-confidence-intervals-from-global-kto3rt9m.png Table 2 Time constants and confidence intervals from global fit analyses (see Fig. S3, ESI) of C5Br6 TA traces in different solvents. Additionally, it is mentioned in the table whether the time constant is associated with a rise or decay of the TA. Time constants are optimized by a global fitting routine. Only in the case of isopropanol and trichloroethanol t3 is optimized separately for each lpr https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-transient-absorption-traces-symbols-of-c5cl6-in-2ao9wvis.png Fig. 4 Transient absorption traces (symbols) of C5Cl6 in isopropanol and global fit analysis (lines). Molecules are excited at lp = 323 nm. Inserted is a more detailed plot of the transient absorption evolution within the first ps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-transient-absorption-traces-symbols-of-c5br6-in-326olm4i.png Fig. 3 Transient absorption traces (symbols) of C5Br6 in trichloroethanol and global fit analysis (lines). Molecules are excited at lp = 350 nm and probed at the lpr listed in the figure. The TA maximum shifts to longer delay times at longer lpr as indicated by the arrows. For transient spectra of C5Br6 in trichloroethanol constructed from the transient absorption traces, see Fig. S6 in the ESI.† https://scispace.com/papers/ultrafast-relaxation-rates-and-reversal-time-in-disordered-4n7enxku6k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-matrix-elements-of-a-and-g-as-a-1ofirj59.png FIG. 1. (Color online) The matrix elements of A‖ and Γ ± as a function of the temperature using a rare-earth concentration of xRE = 0.25 for typical GdFeCo parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-the-reversal-time-of-fecogd-compound-1wfyyo3z.png FIG. 5. (Color online) The reversal time of FeCoGd compound versus the rare-earth concentration, for different strength coupling strengths between both sublattices under the pulse fluence 40 mJ/cm2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-the-relaxation-times-ttm-and-tre-as-a-ywthowgu.png FIG. 4. (Color online) The relaxation times τTM and τRE as a function of the rare-earth concentration, for different reduced temperatures, ζ = T/TC . The lines indicate the relaxation times obtained via the evaluation of the eigenvalues Eq. (7) while the points indicate the direct numerical integration of the LLB Equation and fit to the oneexponential function. The Figs. a), b) correspond to the coupling strength values JTR = 0.2J1, and Figs. c), d) for JTR = J1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-relaxation-times-a-t-tm-and-b-t-re-vd6ybbev.png FIG. 3. (Color online) The relaxation times a) τ || TM and b) τ || RE obtained from the evaluation of 1/ΓTT and 1/ΓRR, respectively, as a function of the rare-earth concentration for different strength couplings between both sublattices at T = 0.6TC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-the-13gfs7vk.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Temperature dependence of the longitudinal relaxation times τTM,RE for different values of a), b) Inter-sublattice coupling strength JTR and c), d) different concentrations and JTR = J1. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrafast-transient-absorption-at-the-germanium-m-4-5-edge-3htxcxn874 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-measured-ground-state-absorption-spectrum-of-the-zh2q1sbm.png Figure 2. A measured ground state absorption spectrum of the M4,5-edge in germanium. This is shown next to the differential optical density, ΔOD, at different time delays (color bar on the right). Negative time delays correspond to the XUV pulse arriving first and positive time delays correspond to the 5 fs pump pulse arriving first. Two spectrally separated features can be seen. The Fermi level is indicated with a dashed black line in both plots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1a-a-spectrum-of-the-1-55-ev-5-fs-pump-pulse-used-in-3bc5padn.png Figure 1a. A spectrum of the 1.55 eV, 5 fs pump pulse used in the experiment and b. the XUV probe pulse spectrum used in this experiment. By the nature of the HHG process, it is necessarily temporally shorter than the 5 fs driving pulse. c. XUV transient absorption scheme shown here. The 5 fs pulse (red arrows) is used to excite electrons (red circles) to the conduction band leaving holes (white circles) in the valence band, both of which are probed with few-femtosecond resolution using the XUV pulse (blue arrows). https://scispace.com/papers/ultrafast-strain-engineering-in-complex-oxide-29fo360z5n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-transient-reflectivity-change-probed-2tq8ievy.png FIG. 3 (color online). (a) Transient reflectivity change probed using 800 nm pulses after vibrational excitation in NdNiO3 thin films 100 u.c. thick grown on LaAlO3. The measurements are performed at different fluences F. (b) maximum reflectivity change Rmax=R0 probed at different fluences for NdNiO3 thin films 100 u.c. thick grown on LaAlO3 (LAO) and NdGaO3 (NGO). The solid lines are linear fit to the data used for the calculation of the photosusceptibility . (c) exponential relaxation rate obtained from the transient reflectivity changes as a function of pump fluence for NdNiO3 thin films 100 u.c. thick grown on LaAlO3 (LAO) and NdGaO3 (NGO). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-c-photosusceptibility-as-a-function-of-2p7g4v7d.png FIG. 2 (color online). (a),(c) Photosusceptibility as a function of pump wavelength measured at T ¼ 20 K using LaAlO3 (LAO) and NdGaO3 (NGO) substrates. The solid lines show the linear absorption due to the infrared-active phonon of the LaAlO3 (blue) and NdGaO3 (red) crystals [30,31]. The dashed line is the linear absorption of bulk NdNiO3 (NNO) [28]. (b), (d) Right axis: relative variations in reflectivity observed 5 ps after vibrational excitation R5 ps=R0 as a function of temperature T in NdNiO3 thin films 100 u.c. thick grown on LaAlO3 and NdGaO3 substrates. Solid line, left axis: dc resistivity of the same samples as a function of temperature. (e) Schematic representation of the dynamic control the electronic properties of a thin film via vibrational excitation of the substrate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-transient-reflectivity-changes-at-800-2jjchpq0.png FIG. 1 (color online). (a) Transient reflectivity changes at 800 nm observed after vibrational excitation in NdNiO3 thin films 100 u.c. thick grown on LaAlO3. The measurements are performed at two temperatures T, below and above TMI. (b) Changes of the reflected THz peak electric field ( E=E0) (in percent) exhibiting a long-lived excited state below TMI. (c) Static (triangles) and transient (squares) THz reflectivity spectra after vibrational excitation of a NdNiO3=LaAlO3 heterostructure measured at T ¼ 9 K. Dashed line: reflectivity of a LaAlO3 single crystal [30]. Solid lines: calculated reflectivity of the heterostructure with NdNiO3 in an insulating (blue) and metallic (red) state. (d) Corresponding static (diamond) and transient (squares) conductivity spectra extracted for the NdNiO3 layer from the heterostructure measured at T ¼ 9 K. The static value is measured by dc transport while the transient values are extracted from the reflectivity spectra presented on the left panel. A 5 orders of magnitude modulation in dc conductivity is observed. Dashed lines: optical conductivity in the equilibrium and excited state. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrahigh-frequency-microwave-phase-shifts-mediated-by-k2w112acdu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-characteristics-of-the-rf-output-signal-at-a-current-1kqqf860.png Fig. 3. Characteristics of the RF output signal at a current of 10 kA cm . (Top) Phase shift. (Bottom) RF optical gain and mean output optical power as a function of input CW power. The input data signal power is 1 mW and has a 20% modulation index at a modulation frequency of 40 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-calculated-modal-gain-profile-for-the-up-conversion-2agni06s.png Fig. 2. Calculated modal gain profile for the up-conversion scheme in QD SOAs at a strong current density (10 kA cm ) for different input CW power, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-configuration-of-wavelength-up-conversion-based-on-xgm-etah18v7.png Fig. 1. Configuration of wavelength up-conversion based on XGM in QD SOAs. Inset is a schematic diagram depicting the QD energy levels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spectral-characteristics-of-the-xgm-converted-output-2l2p6bs1.png Fig. 4. Spectral characteristics of the XGM converted output signal for different input CW power at a current density of 10 kA cm . (Top) Phase shift. (Bottom) RF optical gain. The input data signal is 1-mW input with 20% modulation index. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrafine-particles-in-ambient-air-of-an-urban-area-dose-40ytonvu0k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-weather-conditions-temperature-relative-385otwc3.png TABLE 1. Summary of Weather Conditions (Temperature, Relative Humidity, Wind Speed, and Solar Radiation)a and Outdoor Pollution (PM10, O3, NO, and NO2) During the Sampling Campaigns at the Two Urban Sites (U1, U2) and the Rural (R1) Site https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-dose-rates-of-ufp-particles-kg-day-for-39g1emke.png TABLE 3. Estimated Dose Rates of UFP (particles/kg/day) for Four Different Age Categories at the Two Urban Sites (U1, U2) and the Rural (R1) Site https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-spearman-correlation-coefficients-between-ufp-number-2hci8wpm.png TABLE 2. Spearman Correlation Coefficients Between UFP Number Concentration and Meteorological Parameters at the Two Urban Sites (U1, U2) and the Rural (R1) Site https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ufp-number-concentrations-profiles-a-urban-site-u1-17u9wud5.png FIGURE 2. UFP number concentrations profiles: (A) urban site U1; (B) urban site U2; and (C) rural site R1. The traffic density profile (between 08:00 and 18:00) at each site is also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ufp-number-concentrations-at-two-urban-sites-u1-u2-qjwy69b9.png FIGURE 1. UFP number concentrations at two urban sites (U1, U2) and rural (R1) site: minimum and maximum values, median, 25th and 75th percentiles. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrahigh-pressure-nitrogen-arcs-burning-inside-cylindrical-1ive02sn6v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-test-cases-and-conditions-1ywr9evf.png TABLE I TEST CASES AND CONDITIONS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-calculated-arc-temperature-and-radius-for-arc-current-34qy4fo2.png Fig. 6. Calculated arc temperature and radius for arc current of 150 A burning inside different diameter of alumina tube as a function of filling pressures. (a) Arc temperature. (b) Arc radius. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-experimental-setup-a-the-test-circuit-showing-the-vpemn79c.png Fig. 1: The experimental setup. (a) The test circuit showing the charging and discharging part of the circuit. (b) Schematics of the high pressure arcing chamber and the inside connections. (c) The configuration of the tube with respect to electrodes inside the arcing chamber. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-arc-voltages-at-the-current-peak-of-150-a-at-350-hz-as-3awjeumx.png Fig. 3. Arc voltages at the current peak of 150 A at 350 Hz as a function of inner diameters of the tubes at different filling pressures. (a) Alumina. (b) PTFE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-measured-arc-current-and-arc-voltage-waveform-for-arc-1gbtpini.png Fig. 2. Measured arc current and arc voltage waveform for arc burning inside 2 mm PTFE tube at atmospheric pressure. (a) The current is damped out due to the arc resistance. (b) First half cycle of the measured arc current and arc voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-optical-micrographs-of-the-inner-surface-of-4-mm-2drirsdy.png Fig. 4. Optical micrographs of the inner surface of 4 mm diameter tubes. (a) PTFE new (no arc). (b) PTFE, after arc at atmospheric pressure. (c) PTFE, after arc at 80 bar filling pressure. (d) Alumina new (no arc). (e) Alumina, after arc at atmospheric pressure. (f) Alumina, after arc at 80 bar filling pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-calculated-parameters-of-free-burning-arcs-as-a-2hptmbfu.png Fig. 5. Calculated parameters of free-burning arcs as a function of filling pressure for arc current of 150 A (a) Calculated arc temperature and radius. (b) Measured and calculated arc voltage. https://scispace.com/papers/ultralow-frequency-noise-stabilization-of-a-laser-by-locking-3rp0ri9je4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-frequency-noise-power-spectral-density-versus-fourier-2urrpz5p.png Fig. 2. Frequency-noise power spectral density versus Fourier frequency of the free-running laser (dashed curve) and laser stabilized on a 2 km imbalance Michelson interferometer with (dark curve) and without (gray curve) a passive antivibration table. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-scheme-of-the-laser-frequencynoise-24gr8hri.png Fig. 1. (Color online) Scheme of the laser frequencynoise-reduction system: AOM, acousto-optic modulator; PD, photodiode; VCO, voltage-controlled oscillator; PI, proportional-integrator filter; FM, Faraday mirror. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-frequency-noise-power-spectral-density-versus-fourier-2l091of6.png Fig. 3. Frequency-noise power spectral density versus Fourier frequency of the laser stabilized on a 2 km imbalance Michelson interferometer with an antivibration table (dark curve), a reference laser (gray curve), an error signal converted into frequency noise (dashed curve), and a thermodynamic noise floor (dotted curve). https://scispace.com/papers/ultrahighly-dispersed-titanium-oxide-on-silica-effect-of-1iprdlhqmf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-photooxidation-of-propane-over-bulk-tio-p25-and-ti0-1iuin9c5.png Table 3 Photooxidation of propane over bulk TiO, (P25) and Ti0 JSiO, catalysts Catalyst Time Conv. Selectivity 1% https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structural-parameters-for-ld-tio-isio-and-la-tio-3rozgt9w.png Table 1 Structural parameters for LD- TiO,ISiO, and LA- TiO,ISiO, LD- TiO$SiOz LA- TiOdSiO https://scispace.com/papers/ultrahigh-magnetic-field-spectroscopy-reveals-the-band-1xmmpqk5tp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-transmission-spectra-of-bi2se3-around-1-0-ev-at-0-t-32dtpith.png FIG. 4. (a) Transmission spectra of Bi2Se3 around 1.0 eV at 0 T at temperatures of 10 and 50–300 K (50 K step). (b) Temperature dependence of second band-gap energy. The solid line shows fitting as described in the text. (c) Low-temperature magnetotransmission spectra at different magnetic fields. Spectra in (a) and (c) are shifted vertically for clarity and the weak feature labeled WA is due to water vapor absorption. (d) Schematic picture of the band structure in bulk Bi2Se3 at the point. (e) Energy gap values compared to theoretical predictions from Refs. [14,15,23,24]. (g) Magnetic field dependence of the second and third band gaps with their split-off bands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-magnetotransmittance-of-bi2se3-at-the-energy-of-0-2yh4csk3.png FIG. 3. (a) Magnetotransmittance of Bi2Se3 at the energy of 0.810 eV measured for different temperatures in fields up to 150 T. The position of the inter-Landau-level transitions are indicated by triangles. The splitting due to electron-hole asymmetry is indicated by arrows. The spectra have been shifted vertically for clarity. (b) Energy of transitions at 7 and 300 K (symbols). The solid lines are fits to the Dirac-like Hamiltonian. (c) Extracted Fermi velocity (squares) and negative mass parameter (triangles) vs temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-low-temperature-interband-landau-level-fan-chart-for-19nnci7o.png FIG. 2. (a) Low-temperature interband Landau-level fan chart for the first (fundamental) band gap in Bi2Se3. Dashed and solid lines are interband Landau levels obtained by the 4 × 4 massive Dirac Hamiltonian with electron-hole asymmetry. (b) Energy-momentum dispersion of Bi2Se3. The dashed line shows the fitting for parabolic dispersion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-low-temperature-differential-transmission-spectra-of-9h8pnlfw.png FIG. 1. (a) Low-temperature differential transmission spectra of Bi2Se3 at different magnetic fields of 35, 47, 60, and 67 T. (b) Magnetotransmission of Bi2Se3 at different energies at 7 K. (a), (b) Spectra were shifted vertically for clarity. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrasensitive-c-reactive-protein-as-biomarker-of-rhrni6e3fg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-anthropometric-and-biochemical-data-in-a-group-of-1i2f4n7t.png TABLE 3: Anthropometric and biochemical data in a group of children and adolescents from both sexes according to age range, control group (n=107), and obesity (n=235). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-representation-of-crp-us-behavior-compared-to-hdl-a-1oyyvjwz.png FIGURE 2. Representation of CRP-us behavior compared to HDL (A), triglycerides (B), BMI (C), and AC (D) variables, in obese and control groups (n=342, ***p<0.0001). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-anthropometric-and-biochemical-data-in-a-group-of-3vivtils.png TABLE 1. Anthropometric and biochemical data in a group of male children and adolescents according to age range, control group (n=52), and obesity (n=128). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representation-of-homocysteine-and-crp-us-behavior-3p4agzqx.png Figure 1. Representation of homocysteine and CRP-us behavior regarding control and obese groups of males (A and C), and females (B and D), according to each studied age range. *p< 0.05, **p<0.01, *** p<0.0001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-anthropometric-and-biochemical-data-in-a-group-of-36eaxnka.png TABLE 2: Anthropometric and biochemical data in a group of female children and adolescents according to age range, control group (n=55), and obesity (n=107). https://scispace.com/papers/ultramafic-vegetation-and-soils-in-the-circumboreal-region-3qb4xt2yts 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-total-co-concentrations-in-ultramafic-soils-in-37jcs3j0.png Fig. 4 Total Co concentrations in ultramafic soils in particular localities of the Northern Hemisphere grouped according to Kö ppen climate classification. Sources are the same as in Figs. 1 and 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-total-fe-concentrations-in-ultramafic-soils-in-1s1n97b4.png Fig. 3 Total Fe concentrations in ultramafic soils in particular localities of the Northern Hemisphere grouped according to Kö ppen climate classification. Sources are the same as in Figs. 1 and 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-endemic-species-a-adiantum-viridimontanum-c-a-paris-5aichl56.png Fig. 5 Endemic species: a Adiantum viridimontanum C. A. Paris (eastern North America), b Alyssum litvinovii Knjaz. (Southern Urals, Russia) https://scispace.com/papers/ultrashort-electron-pulses-for-diffraction-crystallography-2eiqjnyfno 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-the-length-a-and-the-radius-b-of-the-1ktz4d61.png Fig. 4 Comparison of the length (a) and the radius (b) of the electron pulse predicted by the mean field theories and the N-body Monte Carlo simulation in the absence of an initial kinetic energy spread. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-temporal-broadening-due-to-the-space-1445oi2k.png Fig. 5 Comparison of temporal broadening due to the space–charge effect (DEi = 0) as a function of the propagation distance in UEC (green line), UED4 (blue line), and UEM1 (red line) using MF2DA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-radial-divergence-angles-of-individual-electrons-the-2a0zdgbu.png Fig. 11 Radial divergence angles of individual electrons. The results are for the pulses shown in Fig. 10 at axial distances of z = 100 mm (a), z = 300 mm (b), z = 500 mm (c), and z = 645 mm (d). All pulses develop a diverging chirp (k = tan 1 (pr/pz)40) due to space–charge. This linear correlation is reversed in sign (k o 0) by the magnetic lens, a condition necessary for converging beam diffraction. However, the space–charge effect alters the converging electron trajectories for three of the four pulses in the figure by the time they arrive at the interaction region. Only the initially-confined pulse (shown in blue), which undergoes a Coulomb explosion at early times, is able to escape the sphere of influence of the space–charge effect and reproduce the ideal convergence angle (black line) in the interaction region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-optical-column-in-ued-uec-and-uem-i0mpmuhy.png Fig. 1 Schematic of the optical column in UED/UEC and UEM. Electrons are generated by the photoelectric effect at the cathode (C) with the given profile, accelerated between a single electrode pair, radially focused by a solenoid coil (M). The electron pulse evolution is monitored, from the source until they reach the detector (D). In UEM, the pulses are shaped using lens systems (L1, L2, and L3), rather than simple solenoid coils. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-total-temporal-broadening-due-to-the-2gq8vll7.png Fig. 6 Comparison of total temporal broadening due to the space–charge effect after 2 ns of propagation using MF2DA (blue line), MC 0.1eV (red line), and MC 0.3eV (green line). Available experimental data are given for UEC (blue dots), and UED3 (red dots); see Fig. 2 (UEC and UED3, 30 kV). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-monte-carlo-simulations-of-the-radius-a-and-the-pulse-1ui8otj4.png Fig. 10 Monte Carlo simulations of the radius (a) and the pulse length (b) of a bunch containing 106 electrons using UED4 instrumental parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-measured-resolutions-for-uec-and-ued-and-experimental-2arkuw9v.png Fig. 2 Measured resolutions for UEC and UED and experimental transients obtained by UEC and UEM1. (a) Streaked electron pulses on the CCD (charge-coupled device) detector together with the calculated pulse lengths. (b) Measured electron pulse widths as a function of the number of electrons. The blue curve (UED3) shows more than an order-of-magnitude improvement in the electron gun performance in comparison to the red curve (UED2). The number of electrons for the UED3 measurement in ref. 20 was given as density (electrons mm 2). For the data shown here, the original streak images have been reanalyzed and they are now given in terms of the absolute number of electrons. The lines are drawn as best fits, but the theoretical curves are given in Fig. 6. (c) Ultrafast dynamics of structural phase transition in vanadium dioxide. Intensity change of the (606) Bragg spot with time. A decay with a time constant t1 of 307 fs was reported in ref. 31. Here the data was deconvoluted (electron pulse width of 344 fs) and we obtained t1 = 0.3 0.1 ps. (d) Temporal evolution of the structural order parameter. The order parameter is defined as the integrated intensity of the diffraction peak for different temporal frames. Adopted from ref. 3, 20, 31, and 38. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effect-of-the-beam-geometry-on-interference-blurring-aelb3kqf.png Fig. 7 Effect of the beam geometry on interference blurring for a finite sized beam using diverging (a), collimated (b), or converging (c) electron trajectories. https://scispace.com/papers/ultraslow-waves-on-the-nanoscale-2o2y8bdq48 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-broadband-ultraslow-light-in-metamaterials-and-2t1n8fc6.png Fig. 1. Broadband ultraslow light in metamaterials and nanoplasmonics. (A) Structure of the Poynting vector field in a symmetric waveguide made of a negative-refractive-index core layer and positive-index claddings, showing the opposite directions of the power flux in the core (Pco < 0) and cladding (Pcl > 0) layers. Owing to the characteristic double-vortex structure of the power flux, the total time-averaged power flow in the +z direction (Ptot = Pco + Pcl) is reduced, leading to correspondingly reduced energy and group velocities (39). (B) Adiabatic nanofocusing of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) guided along a tapered plasmonic nanoguide. The group velocity of the SPPs progressively reduces as they propagate, becoming zero at the nanostructure’s tip, thereby leading to significant spatial compression in the longitudinal direction and to a correspondingly large local field enhancement (here, of the order of ~103) (40). (C) Snapshot of the propagation of a monochromatic lightwave along an adiabatically tapered waveguide with negative-refractive-index core and positive-refractive-index claddings. The lightwave progressively slows-down until it stops at a “critical” thickness, where the electric field builds up. The top-right and top-left insets associate the wave propagation with the https://scispace.com/papers/ultrasonic-analytic-signal-responses-from-polymer-matrix-3dj53ua9xf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-quantitative-assessment-of-resin-layer-interface-27t0oyof.png Fig. 4. Quantitative assessment of resin-layer interface tracking in a simulated 8-ply laminate in water, with varying resin-layer thickness but no added noise. (a) Comparison of actual center-line (solid line) with instantaneous-amplitude (dotted line) and phase (symbols) location of interfaces. (b) Error in phase tracking: Deviation of measured from actual interface location. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-analysis-of-the-simulated-response-to-an-input-signal-1eooqm73.png Fig. 3. Analysis of the simulated response to an input signal with center frequency and bandwidth at the fundamental ply resonance of 6 MHz and an input-signal phase, φ0 = 0, of (a) eight 0.24-mm-thick plies with 0.01-mm-thick resin layers, embedded in water, (b) instantaneous amplitude with a gain of 1 (solid curve) and 20 (dashed curve), (c) wrapped instantaneous phase, and (d) instantaneous frequency. Note that the phase at the front-surface peak in amplitude (0 on horizontal axis) is zero for an input-pulse phase (φ0) of zero, whilst the phase at the back-surface peak (ply 8) is at −π radians (i.e., φ0−π ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-micrograph-of-the-resin-filled-ply-drop-location-b-2fcfib0c.png Fig. 11. (a) Micrograph of the resin-filled ply-drop location. (b)–(d) Instantaneous-frequency B-scan cross-sections for the red, green, and yellow-line locations, respectively, in (a). Dark blue lines in (b) and (d) correspond to phase wraps in the instantaneous phase, set at the phase of a resin layer, resulting in a large negative frequency but also marking the location of a resin layer. (e) Color scale for instantaneous frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-7-5-mhz-immersion-scan-of-impact-damage-in-a-4-mm-1qalizaz.png Fig. 12. 7.5-MHz immersion scan of impact damage in a 4-mm-thick composite with 0.25-mm ply spacing. Instantaneous amplitude is plotted in grayscale (right) with overlaid ultrasound-derived coding for front- and back-surfaces (red), delaminations (red), and inter-ply resin layers (green). Bottom-center is an in-plane C-scan slice 1-mm deep, whilst bottom-left and top-center images are B-scan slices at locations shown by black/white dashed lines on the C-scan. Top-left is a pseudo 3-D image with front, back, and delaminations showing red. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-ultrasonic-b-scan-above-and-in-plane-below-slices-2265ij0d.png Fig. 10. Ultrasonic B-scan (above) and in-plane (below) slices from a wedge-shaped sample comprising several ply-drops in 0.189-mm-spaced plies with 0.04-mm resin layers. The in-plane slices are from a depth where there are two ply drops. Response parameters shown are (a) RF waveform, (b) instantaneous phase, (c) instantaneous frequency, and (d) instantaneous amplitude with superimposed front and back-surface locations (magenta) and resin layers between plies showing instantaneous frequency (color scale). The ultrasound scan was performed with a 38-mm spherical-focus probe with a 7.5-MHz nominal center frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-12-ply-simulation-with-a-ply-drop-a-wrinkle-of-2l9emjbu.png Fig. 5. 12-ply simulation with a ply drop, a wrinkle of amplitude 0.25 mm, and a delamination modeled for ultrasonic propagation as a series of planewave 1-D models. Plies of 0.25-mm spacing, 0.1-mm resin layers, and an input pulse with 6-MHz center frequency and bandwidth, and φ0 = 0° was used. (a) Schematic of the structure. (b) Instantaneous amplitude. (c) Instantaneous phase. (d) Instantaneous frequency where the fundamental ply resonance is green. (e) Instantaneous amplitude in grayscale with superimposed magenta lines for front-surface, back-surface, and delamination reflections, based on characteristic signatures outlined in the text, whilst other colours, plotted at ±π /4 radians around the resin-layer phase, represent instantaneous frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-illustration-of-the-analytic-signal-gates-on-the-3u04ugdr.png Fig. 6. Illustration of the “analytic-signal gates” on the response from an 8-ply laminate in immersion with an input pulse of phase φ0 = π /6 radians. For interface-classification: red for front-surface (φ0), blue for back surface (φ0−π ), and green for resin layers (φ0−π /2). Colored dots show gate trigger points. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-the-predicted-characteristic-analytic-2w3xd6i8.png TABLE I SUMMARY OF THE PREDICTED CHARACTERISTIC ANALYTIC-SIGNAL RESPONSE TO VARIOUS FEATURES IN A COMPOSITE LAMINATE FOR THE SCENARIO WHERE THE CENTER FREQUENCY OF THE INPUT PULSE IS AT THE FUNDAMENTAL PLY RESONANCE FREQUENCY. φ0 IS THE INSTANTANEOUS PHASE AT THE TIME OF THE PEAK AMPLITUDE OF THE INPUT PULSE AND IS SET TO ZERO FOR THE IMAGES IN THE ANALYTIC SIGNAL COLUMN. THE BLACK DOTS IN THOSE IMAGES ARE AT THE PEAKS IN INSTANTANEOUS AMPLITUDE https://scispace.com/papers/ultrasonic-characterization-of-microstructure-evolution-5g4iz593eq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-slowness-surface-of-the-quasi-shear-vertical-wave-qsv-118rlgv2.png FIG. 7. Slowness surface of the quasi-shear vertical wave qSV . FIG. 8. Various terms cc as a function of . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-geometry-for-the-propagation-direction-p-32e8yuza.png FIG. 10. Color online Geometry for the propagation direction p̂, the scattered direction ŝ, and the respective polarization directions û and v̂. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-covariance-as-a-function-of-10s70sjj.png FIG. 9. Covariance as a function of . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-gaussian-distribution-function-with-various-parameters-27owqkpr.png FIG. 1. Gaussian distribution function with various parameters . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-normalized-longitudinal-l-and-transverse-t-3ekdc3jd.png FIG. 11. Normalized longitudinal L and transverse T attenuations in terms of normalized frequency xL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-attenuations-of-the-shear-horizontal-wave-sh-versus-154slhsf.png FIG. 12. Attenuations of the shear horizontal wave SH versus texture parameter with various wave propagation directions and the given frequency xSH=0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-attenuations-of-the-quasi-longitudinal-wave-qp-versus-3fux57tq.png FIG. 13. Attenuations of the quasi-longitudinal wave qP versus texture parameter with various wave propagation directions and the given frequency xSH=0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-coefficients-s1-s2-and-s3-as-a-function-of-texture-18uutdkq.png FIG. 3. Coefficients S1, S2, and S3 as a function of texture parameter . https://scispace.com/papers/ultrasonic-characterization-and-online-monitoring-of-pork-2rcdyjkzdh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fat-xf-water-xw-and-salt-content-xs-thickness-t-and-2gbuujmi.png Table 1 Fat (XF), water (XW) and salt content (XS), thickness (T) and width (Z) of the fresh Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Biceps femoris (BF) muscles and hams. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-linear-regression-models-for-salt-gain-dxs-1vb2y0rk.png Table 3 Linear regression models for salt gain (ΔXS) prediction using ultrasonic velocity variation (ΔV) for Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Biceps femoris (BF) muscles and hams. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-salt-gain-dxs-water-loss-dxw-and-ultrasonic-velocity-1sym1a9l.png Table 2 Salt gain (ΔXS), water loss (ΔXW) and ultrasonic velocity variation (ΔV) in the slice (SL) of Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Biceps femoris (BF) muscles and in hams, during dry salting at 2ºC. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrasonic-investigations-of-water-mixtures-with-3onitf63w8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-adiabatic-compressibility-isotherms-for-the-system-eg-2tdpttga.png Fig. 3. Adiabatic compressibility isotherms for the system: EG, PEG 200 and PEG 400 at https://scispace.com/papers/ultrasonic-internal-defect-detection-in-cheese-4vtyvl0bi3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shows-the-response-of-a-pulse-excitation-with-the-4kml3wzz.png Figure 3 shows the response of a pulse excitation, with the probes placed one against the other, without the sample (the grey curve). It can be seen that the response consists in an asymmetric bell shape envelope and a sinusoidal signal carrier. The output signal y could thus be modelled by the following expression : https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pulse-response-transmission-through-cheese-without-pdkh57aw.png Figure 4 : Pulse response, transmission through cheese without any foreign object (control). a : row signal (light grey curve) and the model of the signal positioned at the highest crosscorrelation (thin black curve); b : Cross-correlation and c : Hilbert transforms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-acquisition-device-j87q9hbt.png Figure 1 : Acquisition device https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-signal-to-noise-ratio-for-the-transmitted-signal-2dkajwf5.png Figure 8 : Signal to noise ratio for the transmitted signal from cheese containing the foreign body. Black thin curve : pulse and cross-correlation; dark grey medium curve : chirps and cross-correlation; ligth grey thick curve, pulse and wavelets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sum-of-the-third-and-second-level-wavelet-2gqzygzn.png Figure 7 : Sum of the third and second level wavelet decomposition of the signal transmitted through cheese https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-chirp-signal-3hv02744.png Figure 2 : The chirp signal https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-t-tests-for-the-equality-of-the-mean-signal-to-noise-2uodndii.png Table 2 : t tests for the equality of the mean signal to noise ratios given in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-typical-response-to-a-pulse-input-probes-placed-1blte32g.png Figure 3 shows the response of a pulse excitation, with the probes placed one against the other, without the sample (the grey curve). It can be seen that the response consists in an asymmetric bell shape envelope and a sinusoidal signal carrier. The output signal y could thus be modelled by the following expression : https://scispace.com/papers/ultrasonic-testing-of-grain-distortion-direction-in-cold-4zdq4we2x0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phase-and-group-velocity-2jyj8vjm.png Fig. 2 – Phase and group velocity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-first-phase-of-extruding-process-shows-areas-of-2vhtmj6w.png Fig. 1 – First phase of extruding process shows areas of greatest stress and mesh distortion in tool contact area where stresses caused by deformation and friction are the largest. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-domain-between-two-overlap-signals-reflected-from-15dd6yfk.png Fig. 4 – Time – domain between two overlap signals reflected from the back wall of specimen. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-histogram-of-ultrasonic-velocity-1w8r7gvb.png Fig. 7 – Histogram of ultrasonic velocity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-graphical-overview-of-measurement-results-at-1a-and-2a-71dsdxjq.png Fig. 5 – Graphical overview of measurement results at 1a and 2a. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-aluminium-part-detail-a-tested-by-ultrasonic-qlf7wzus.png Fig. 3 – Aluminium part – detail A, tested by ultrasonic measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-t-test-11cbr3lh.png Table 3 – T-test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-probability-plot-1wtshspo.png Fig. 6 – Probability plot. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrasonic-velocity-and-attenuation-of-glass-ballotini-in-28gd8b31rg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-by-volume-versus-in-diameter-pm-for-1dh7d7ml.png Figure 1 Percentage by volume versus In(diameter [pm]) for Jencons number 18 ballotini. Upright crosses; image analysis. Diagonal crosses; light scattering https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-viscosity-versus-clay-volume-fraction-diagonal-15ocda3b.png Figure 9 Viscosity versus clay volume fraction. Diagonal crosses; Figure 10 Velocity versus ballotini volume fraction for ballotini q. for Carbogel. Upright crosses; 4. for Bentopharm. Triangles; rfn; of a0 = 19.9 pm in 2.5% by volume Bentopharm suspension at 22°C for Carbogel. Squares: rym for Bentopharm and 5 MHz. Markers show data; line shows theory https://scispace.com/figures/figure8-velocity-versus-ballotini-volume-fraction-fora-15-8-3u8j8k87.png Figure8 Velocity versus ballotini volume fraction fora, = 15.8 pm ballotini in glycerol at 20°C and 2.25 MHz https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-excess-attenuation-versus-mean-radius-a-for-287tz4tt.png Figure 4 Excess attenuation versus mean radius a, for ballotini of 4 = 0.01 in PPG2025 at 20°C and 5 MHz https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-excess-attenuation-versus-mean-radius-a-for-2g5wikmk.png Figure 3 Excess attenuation versus mean radius a, for ballotini of r#~ = 0.0124 in 95% by volume glycerol aqueous solution at 20°C and5MHz https://scispace.com/papers/ultrasonically-spray-coated-silver-layers-from-designed-25mhele6bz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evolution-of-ftir-spectra-for-the-ag-amp-x-ink-at-3ooc0ogn.png Figure 5: Evolution of FTIR spectra for the Ag(AMP)x ink at different deposition temperatures (left). The removal of organics towards higher temperatures can be observed and is further illustrated by the optical microscope images (right).A detailed analysis and assignment of the infrared signals (based on [63,64]), can be found in the supporting information (Table S1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-x-tem-images-of-ag-hex-x-inks-depositions-120-degc-1frz8wym.png Figure 10: X-TEM images of Ag(hex)x inks depositions (120 °C) on PET substrates prepared via cryomicrotome cutting. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-ink-lifetime-is-clearly-higher-in-dark-and-5-27emfrcd.png Figure 1: The ink lifetime is clearly higher in dark and 5 °C storage conditions for al inks containing ligands with primary amines. Moreover, there is no clear correlation between the stability and the cathodic reduction potential (Ec) versus the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-higher-deposition-temperatures-decrease-the-sheet-23azl68d.png Figure 4: Higher deposition temperatures decrease the sheet resistance of the resulting silver layers because of a more efficient removal of the organic amine ligands. The error bars depict the standard deviations on the plotted average values for at least 4 individual measurements on different substrates. Spray coat parameters: flow rate = 0.25 ml/min, path speed 50 mm/s, 20 passes, 5 s waiting time between passes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-uv-vis-transmittance-for-silver-layers-deposited-9s5w7ssn.png Figure 9: UV-VIS transmittance for silver layers deposited from the Ag(hex)x ink at 120 °C in pure ethanol. The sheet resistance decreases upon transmittance increase. Note that the USSC parameters differ from the default values mentioned in the experimental part. This was done to vary the thickness of the silver layers. The image (inset) demonstrates the transparency of the 15 passes layer with a 0.25 ml/min flowrate (11.19 Ω/ sq sheet resistance). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sem-left-and-afm-right-image-of-a-silver-layer-17bu22py.png Figure 8: SEM (left) and AFM (right) image of a silver layer deposited at 120 °C from an Ag(hex)x based ink. The areas showing an increased roughness due to irregular silver deposition are marked. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-surface-roughness-as-a-function-of-deposition-3zplwrg0.png Figure 7: The surface roughness as a function of deposition temperature shows that the removal of organic residues has a beneficial effect on the morphology. Silver layers obtained from 100 % ethanol based inks on PET are shown. RMS average values for at least 4 measurements of different sample spots are plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cross-cut-pattern-showing-an-adhesion-of-1-ij0uwopj.png Figure 2: Cross cut pattern showing an adhesion of 1 according to the ISO 2409 classification (left), Inspection of the tape shows a poor intra layer adhesion for the Ag(NH3)2 + based inks (inset left). The silver layers generally are very reflective and uniform (right) however differences exist depending on the used silver complex inside the 100 % ethanol based MOD ink. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrasound-assisted-liquid-liquid-extraction-in-38l6vk1biz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-large-bubble-initiation-a-to-e-0-178-s-2241e9sg.png Figure 6: Large bubble initiation (a to e - 0.178 s). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-setup-1hbcj2tf.png Figure 2: Experimental setup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bubble-cluster-initiation-a-to-d-0-21-s-1l1pxe3o.png Figure 5:Bubble cluster initiation (a to d - 0.21 s) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-effect-of-sonication-on-yield-for-constant-2529at35.png Figure 8: The effect of sonication on yield for constant frequency (20.3 kHz) and amplitude (840m.V). (a) Variation of flow rate (b) The variation with corresponding mean residence times for the flow rates. Error bars are calculated based on three replicates. (If no error bars are shown they are smaller than the symbol). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-effect-of-applied-frequency-on-yield-for-constant-32b62h8o.png Figure 10: Effect of applied frequency on yield for constant applied power of 20 W. Error bars are based on triplicate measurements. (If no error bars are shown they are smaller than the symbol) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hydrolysis-reaction-of-p-nitrophenyl-acetate-2rru8p85.png Figure 3: Hydrolysis reaction of p-nitrophenyl acetate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparison-of-silent-batch-silent-flow-and-3u50ftbo.png Figure 11: Comparison of silent batch, silent flow and sonicated flow (20.3 kHz, 840 mV) on the yield as a function of residence time. Error bars based on the measurement of three replicates. (If no error bars are visible they are smaller than the symbol). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effect-of-the-variation-of-amplitude-on-net-1evox9ku.png Figure 7: Effect of the variation of amplitude on net electrical power and yield (constant flow rate of 0.5 ml/min). Error bars calculated on the basis of three replicates. (If no error bars are visible they are smaller than the symbol) https://scispace.com/papers/ultrasound-based-subject-specific-parameters-improve-49olfptha4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-parameters-computed-from-ultrasound-data-1awa2oys.png Table 2. Summary of parameters computed from ultrasound data according to condition (mean ^ SD). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-muscle-tendon-parameters-for-the-mg-11pk6yy8.png Table 3. Summary of muscle–tendon parameters for the MG muscle depending on model conditions. Lf represents the fascicle length and u represents the pennation angle. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-muscle-forces-depending-on-model-z0hq0801.png Table 4. Summary of muscle forces depending on model conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrasound-elastomicroscopy-using-water-beam-indentation-36ccsvkhyt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagram-of-the-noncontact-ultrasound-indentation-135bl5nz.png Fig. 1. Diagram of the noncontact ultrasound indentation system using water beam compression. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4a-shows-the-pressure-deformation-curves-during-the-2kk1fa9x.png Fig. 4a shows the pressure/deformation curves during the loading and unloading applied on the test phantom, and Fig. 4b shows the relationship between the pressure and the surface deformation of the phantom derived from the ultrasound echoes. The ratio of pressure/ relative deformation was used as an index of the stiffness of the phantom. The tests on each phantom showed a good repeatability. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-diagram-of-the-system-which-was-used-to-measure-the-2kqk2tzf.png Fig. 3. Diagram of the system which was used to measure the compressive Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the phantom. A load cell was used to measure the uni-axial force. A US transducer was used to estimate the lateral deformation of the phantom, while the LVDT was used to measure the axial deformation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phantoms-made-from-different-kinds-of-silicones-were-3p4jn0fa.png Fig. 2. Phantoms made from different kinds of silicones were prepared for the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7a-shows-a-schematic-of-the-two-dimensional-scanning-and-2h8kfd1h.png Fig. 7a shows a schematic of the two dimensional-scanning, and Fig. 7b is the grey image of the deformation distribution of the scanned area. This result agreed with that obtained from the one-dimensional scanning. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrasound-enhanced-anodic-stripping-voltammetry-using-1knbravqt6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-potential-timewave-form-for-ultrasound-enhanced-1047a8su.png Figure 2. Potential-timewave form for ultrasound-enhanced SWASV. Preconcentration time varied between 30 and 120 s; ultrasound switched on 10 s before deposition period and switched off 5 s before end of deposition period. Econd and Edep represent the conditioning and deposition potentials, which are set at 0.0 and -1.25 V, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-linear-regression-of-calibration-data-for-cadmium-mhx27g02.png Table 1. Linear Regression of Calibration Data for Cadmium and Lead Determination by UltrasoundEnhanced SWASV Using a Nafion-Coated Mercury Thin-Film Electrodea https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analysis-of-a-standard-reference-material-by-26kvjkm5.png Table 2. Analysis of a Standard Reference Material by Ultrasound-Enhanced ASV. Comparison between Certified Values and Experimental Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ultrasound-enhanced-swasv-of-cd-and-pb-at-i83s2atx.png Figure 5. Ultrasound-enhanced SWASV of Cd and Pb at Nafioncoated mercury thin-film electrode. Concentrations: (a) [Cd2+] ) 2 nM, [Pb2+] ) 7 nM; (b) [Cd2+] ) 7 nM, [Pb2+] ) 12 nM; (c) [Cd2+] ) 12 nM, [Pb2+] ) 17 nM; (d) [Cd2+] ) 17 nM, [Pb2+] ) 22 nM. Preconcentration for 30 s in the presence of ultrasound. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-photograph-and-schematic-representation-of-the-20d8wdgl.png Figure 1. Photograph and schematic representation of the sonovoltammetric cell: a, sonic horn with microtip; b, Ag/AgCl (3 M KCl) reference electrode; c, platinum coil counter electrode; d, coolant outlet; e, coolant inlet; f, cavitational plume; g, Nafion-coated mercury film; h, glassy carbon; i, O-ring seal; j, working electrode lead. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ultrasound-enhanced-swasv-of-5-nm-pb2-at-3d9k1f0o.png Figure 4. Ultrasound-enhanced SWASV of 5 nM Pb2+ at Nafioncoated mercury thin film electrode. Deposition times: (a) 30 (no ultrasound), (b) 30, (c) 60, (d) 90, and (e) 120 s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optical-micrographs-of-a-nafion-coating-on-glassy-1fyk88oe.png Figure 3. Optical micrographs of (A) Nafion coating on glassy carbon substrate, (B) Nafion-coated mercury thin film electrode homogeneous inner region; (C) Nafion-coated mercury thin film electrode, edge of electrode; and (D) Nafion-coated mercury thin film electrode, edge of electrode. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrasound-guided-central-venous-catheter-placement-through-2v3dq5ojnt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bubble-test-from-sub-xiphoid-window-immedi-3tdrcxxf.png Figure 5.—Bubble test from sub-xiphoid window: immedi- https://scispace.com/papers/ultrasound-for-improved-crystallisation-in-food-processing-4s7lka80lb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characters-associated-with-crystal-habits-of-6czfkbhr.png Table 1 Characters associated with crystal habits of industrial importance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-representation-of-reduction-in-the-y3zj7oab.png Fig. 3 Schematic representation of reduction in the metastable zone using ultrasound https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-microscopic-images-of-treated-honey-a-control-sample-20cqdw68.png Fig. 4 Microscopic images of treated honey (a) Control sample. Before being treated, honey appears as network of needle-shaped crystals. Dark circles are air bubbles. b 40 C heat-treated samples after 20 min of thermal treatment; c 40 C? US-treated samples after 20 min of treatment. Adapted from Kabbani et al. [27] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-key-concepts-in-crystallisation-28irty4s.png Fig. 1 Key concepts in crystallisation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-melting-point-of-the-polymorphic-forms-of-cocoa-16akaw6n.png Table 2 Melting point of the polymorphic forms of cocoa butter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-secondary-nucleation-of-ice-in-a-15-w-w-sucrose-3pvxb14z.png Fig. 2 Secondary nucleation of ice in a 15 % (w/w) sucrose solution—(a) ice dendrite formed when frozen without ultrasound; (b) ice dendrite growth while freezing without ultrasound; (c) fragmentation of ice dendrites after 2 s of ultrasonication; and (d) fragments of crystals remaining after 4 s of ultrasonication. Adapted from Chow et al. [15] https://scispace.com/papers/ultrasound-guided-continuous-thoracic-erector-spinae-plane-j5dfnnznee 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-univariate-and-multivariate-analysis-for-the-two-8gm63mjo.png Table 3: Univariate and multivariate analysis for the two groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patients-demographic-characteristics-medical-history-27feutaw.png Table 1: Patients demographic characteristics, medical history and surgery parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-univariate-comparisons-between-groups-for-the-3k6dfgwd.png Table 2: Univariate comparisons between groups for the primary and secondary end points https://scispace.com/papers/ultrasound-imaging-of-immersed-plates-using-high-order-lamb-4pebkewojb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-receive-xbbc24pv.png Fig. 6. receive https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-wave-propagation-in-an-aluminum-plate-in-air-using-3tkn2ey4.png Fig. 5. Wave propagation in an aluminum plate in air, using wideband excitation: (a) time-domain received signal, and (b) spectrogram of the received signal (gray scale) superposed on the simulated dispersion curves with respect to group velocity (solid lines). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-image-values-in-db-at-defects-positions-obtained-2vr4gwxc.png Table 2 Image values (in dB) at defects positions, obtained from Figs. 9 and 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-image-of-the-plate-in-water-using-the-s1-mode-35did161.png Fig. 10. Image of the plate in water, using the S1 mode propagation velocity of 3858 m/s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-image-of-the-plate-in-air-using-the-s1-mode-2gxa78fg.png Fig. 9. Image of the plate in air, using the S1 mode propagation velocity of 3997 m/s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-plate-and-fluid-geometry-for-lamb-wave-analysis-qj7htm4u.png Fig. 1. Plate and fluid geometry for Lamb wave analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-aluminum-plate-with-artificial-defects-top-schematic-1uufbyju.png Fig. 7. Aluminum plate with artificial defects. Top: schematic, with dimensions in mm. The dashed line limits the approximate area considered for imaging. Bottom: photo of the linear array and wedge attached to the plate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-material-properties-1k26lomz.png Table 1 Material properties. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrasound-myocardial-tracking-with-speckle-reducing-l15aat1o31 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-several-tracked-frames-from-a-cardiac-cycle-using-srad-8r5fwjmh.png Fig. 4. Several tracked frames from a cardiac cycle using SRAD-assisted initialization and speckle tracking https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-initialization-a-without-and-b-with-srad-echn0nu4.png Fig. 5 - Initialization (a) without and (b) with SRAD https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-first-2ysvqu8w.png Fig. 6. First https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sts-and-active-contour-tracking-results-for-the-3b8d5uqd.png Fig. 7. STS and active contour tracking results for the epicardial (top) and endocardial (bottom) borders. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrastructures-and-classification-of-circulating-hemocytes-2lxbc9jll2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-phagocyte-of-b-primigenus-a-b-scalaris-b-b-delicatus-c-1g748pch.png Fig. 3. Phagocyte of B. primigenus ( A ), B. scalaris ( B ), B. delicatus ( C ), B. sexiens ( D ), B. fuscus ( E and F ). Phagocytes contain phagosomes (ph) in the cytoplasm. They usually have several pseudopodia (A, B, and E), while those with large phagosomes often have few pseudopodia (C, D, and F). Scale bars, 2 μ m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-hypothetical-pathways-of-the-cytodifferentiation-of-fqg58j95.png Fig. 11. Hypothetical pathways of the cytodifferentiation of hemocytes and tunic cells in botryllid ascidians. Pluripotent hemoblasts are thought to differentiate into the other types of hemocytes. Some hemocytes infiltrate in the tunic passing through epidermis, and they differentiate into tunic cells. Functional characteristics are appended in italic letters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-light-micrographs-of-fixed-hemocytes-in-botrylloides-1xlb2592.png Fig. 1. Light micrographs of fixed hemocytes in Botrylloides simodensis. Hemocytes are classified into five types based on morphology. In pigment cells, there are several color-types. Hemoblast ( A ), phagocyte ( B ), granulocyte ( C ), morula cell ( D ), pigment cell (nephrocyte-type) ( E ), and pigment cell ( F ). en, engulfed material in the phagosome. Scale bar, 10 μ m. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-major-hemocyte-types-reported-in-20y0k5p7.png Table 1. Comparison of major hemocyte types reported in botryllid ascidians https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-granulocytes-a-b-primigenus-b-b-scalaris-d-b-1mg8263w.png Fig. 4. Granulocytes (A, B. primigenus; B, B. scalaris; D, B. simodensis; E, B. fuscus; F, B. violaceus) and large-granule tunic cell of B. scalaris (C). They are characterized by round (A and B) or elliptical (D, E, and F) granules filled in the cytoplasm. Arrows in B and C indicate the large-granules. Insets in B and C are enlargement of the large granules. Scale bars, 1 μm. Scale bars in insets, 0.2 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hemoblast-of-b-primigenus-a-b-scalaris-b-b-schlosseri-33gsoif1.png Fig. 2. Hemoblast of B. primigenus ( A ), B. scalaris ( B ), B. schlosseri ( C ), B. sexiens ( D ), B. lentus ( E ), and B. violaceus ( F ). Hemoblasts are small hemocytes having a high nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, and there are few variations in morphology among the species. Scale bars, 1 μ m. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrastructure-and-histochemistry-of-neurosecretory-cells-4xr8dv6lo2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-p-a-r-t-of-an-ordinary-neurone-in-the-right-pleural-nivgx7lv.png Fig. 1. P a r t of an ordinary neurone in the right pleural ganglion, containing neurotransm itter like granules (arrows), penetra ted by a glial process of the trophospongium (r/l). An axon profile (ox) with dense-corcd granules and clear vesicles (cv) indicates the presence of an axo-somatic synaptic contact https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-diagram-of-the-location-of-the-neurosecretory-cell-ohlrsumi.png Fig. 8. Diagram of the location of the neurosecretory cell groups and their neurohaemal areas (nha) in the central nervous system of Lymnaea stagnalis (dorsal view). The mottled areas (per. nha) represent parts of the perineurium and of the connective tissue which are traversed by small nerves containing neurosecretory axons. The pedal ganglia and the ventral parts of the cerebral ganglia are turned to the lateral sides. The medio- and latero-dorsal bodies are not indicated. C E R cerebral ganglia ; P L E pleural ganglia; PA R parietal ganglia; I' ISC visceral ganglion; PEI) pedal ganglia; LGC light green cells; M DC medio-dorsal cells (a)\ LDC latero-dorsal cells (b)\ BGC bright green cells; DGC dee]) green cells; YGC yellow green cells; dro droplet cells; can canopy cell; H B-cells: CDC caudo-dorsal cells; YC yellow cells; L Y C light yellow cells; 1 nervus nuchalis; 2 n. opticus; 3 n. tentacularis; / n. frontolabialis superior; J n. labialis medius; 6 cerebro-buccal connective; 7 n. penis; S sub-cerebral commissure; 9 n. stations; 10 n. pallialis sinister; 11 n. cutaneus pallialis; 12 n. analis; 13 n. intestinalis; 14 n. genitalis; If) n. pallialis dexter internus; 16 n. pallialis dexter externus; 17 lateral lobe (the follicle gland is not indicated); IS intercerebral commissure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-the-size-distrihution-of-the-diameters-of-the-2vsratnk.png Fig. 24. The size-distrihution of the diameters of the neurosecretory elementary granules located in the axon terminals (solid lines) and in the neuronal cell bodies (mottled areas). Each histogram refers to 1,000 measurements. YC yellow cells; CDC caudo-dorsal cells; YGC yellow green cells; LGC light green cells; DGC dark green cells; L Y C light yellow cells https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-neurosecretory-axon-terminals-of-the-light-yellow-10sebl14.png Fig. 25. Neurosecretory axon terminals of the light yellow cells in the nervus pallialis dexter interims. Release phenomena can he observed in the area facing the perineurium. Indenta tions of the axonal membrane which indicate exocytosis are present (arrows), s small https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-colgi-apparatus-in-the-cell-body-of-a-dark-green-cell-1czcxwjy.png Fig. 11). Colgi apparatus in the cell body of a dark green cell, with accumulations of electron-dense material (arrows) suggesting the formation of the elementary granules by budding from the Golgi lamellae https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-the-location-of-the-dee-green-neurosecretory-cells-bqs56tzg.png Fig. 13. a The location of the dee]) green neurosecretory cells and of their neurohaemal areas, at the periphery of the connectives of the visceral ring and a t the periphery of the nuchal nerves (thick lines), and in the perineurium (mottled areas). 1) The location of the light yellow neurosecretory cells and their neurohaemal areas, at the periphery of the connectives of the visceral ring and of some nerves (thick lines), and in the perineurium (mottled areas) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i-5a-f-neurosecretory-elementary-granules-in-axon-2fur5ed8.png Fig. I(5a—f. Neurosecretory elementary granules in axon terminals of six cell types, a light green type; b ('1)0 type: c dark green type; d yellow green type; e light yellow type; f yellow type; X 18,000 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-axon-terminals-in-the-periphery-of-the-nervus-3r4okt4k.png Fig. 23. Axon terminals in the periphery of the nervus pallialis dexter internus. Release j)henomena can be observed in the left axons, lij neurosecretory elementary granules of the light yellow type; y neurosecretory elementary granules of the yellow type; gl filamentous glial cell processes; /> perineurium; s small elementary granules; cv clear vesicles; cx mem brane invaginations indicating exocvtosis; Ir elementary granules of low electron density https://scispace.com/papers/ultrathin-oriented-bifeo3-films-from-deposition-of-atomic-4sq62ycsjf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-j-e-curves-of-bfo-thin-films-with-varied-substrate-l4mp0zqn.png Figure 6. J−E curves of BFO thin films with varied substrate temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-xps-of-a-bfo-thin-film-by-a-c-ald-and-d-f-2nxh2hmd.png Figure 5. XPS of a BFO thin film by (a−c) ALD and (d−f) RFsputtering. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cross-sectional-views-of-hrtem-for-bfo-thin-films-cs7kr1cm.png Figure 7. Cross-sectional views of HRTEM for BFO thin films grown on a LNO buffer layer with (a) ALD and (b) RF-sputtering. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-surface-normal-radial-xrd-scans-of-a-bfo-thin-film-1676likt.png Figure 3. Surface normal radial XRD scans of a BFO thin film deposited at varied substrate temperatures. Figure 4. DAFS results of a BFO thin film deposited at 500 °C: (a) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-normalized-polarization-as-a-function-of-the-film-3moq6egz.png Figure 11. Normalized polarization as a function of the film thickness grown with RF-sputtering, PLD, CVD, and sol−gel and in this work with ALD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-relationship-between-the-crystal-structure-leakage-19baejun.png Figure 10. Relationship between the crystal structure, leakage current, and polarization value at varied deposition temperatures of ALD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-p-e-hysteresis-loops-of-a-bfo-thin-film-for-3i2q7cmj.png Figure 9. P−E hysteresis loops of a BFO thin film for substrate temperatures in range 480−550 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-timetable-of-modified-ald-processes-for-bfo-thin-3djtf4n0.png Figure 1. Timetable of modified ALD processes for BFO thin film growth. https://scispace.com/papers/ultraviolet-light-emitting-diodes-at-340-nm-using-quaternary-29bwj6m70i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-differential-resistance-top-and-output-power-bottom-vs-11y0hb4z.png FIG. 3. Differential resistance~top! and output power~bottom! vs the number of QWs in active region for SiC based LEDs. The differential resistance of a LED on sapphire is shown for comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/ultraviolet-imaging-of-volcanic-plumes-a-new-paradigm-in-3wg8rq4lmb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-smartphone-sensor-e-g-rasperry-pi-camera-based-uv-26vrxl9z.png Figure 3. Smartphone sensor (e.g., Rasperry Pi camera)-based UV imaging deployments on the Masaya volcano, Nicaragua, during June 2017. Measurement of the plume taken from outside the crater (left); measurements looking down at the lava lake surface (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-computational-fluid-dynamic-modeling-of-rising-gas-1t8505p1.png Figure 2. Computational fluid dynamic modeling of rising gas slugs on Stromboli, illustrating the fissuring of daughter bubbles from the slug base. This has been linked to codas in UV camera gas flux time series following strombolian explosions, illustrating the potential of combining models with high time resolution field degassing data to unravel the subterranean drivers of surface activity; (a) shows simulations for a range of fluid dynamical conditions e.g., in terms of liquid viscosity and inverse viscosity number, and (b) shows a zoom of behaviour for one such parameterisation; see main text and [36] for more detail. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-deployment-of-inexpensive-smartphone-sensor-based-2vrfe58o.png Figure 1. Deployment of inexpensive smartphone sensor-based ultraviolet (UV) camera instrumentation (right) in tandem with more traditionally applied scientific grade cameras (left) on Mt. Etna. A false colour gas column amount inset image is included in the graphic, with scale to right, for the cheaper units, which were based on modified Raspberry Pi cameras (Raspberry Pi Foundation, Cambridge, UK). For further detail, see [29,30]. https://scispace.com/papers/ultraviolet-and-x-ray-variability-of-the-seyfert-1-5-galaxy-146cbyiept 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-power-law-best-fit-parameters-m1r6no4p.png Table 2 Power-law Best-fit Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-plotted-are-the-lya-emission-line-regions-for-the-27skmg8g.png Figure 4. Plotted are the Lyα emission-line regions for the 2009 COS ERO (green) and GTO (blue) observations along with the 1997 GHRS spectrum (black). The ERO observation had the highest flux level. The inset shows a zoom in around the potential outflowing Lyα absorption feature that was detected in the GHRS spectrum, as well as the four 2000–2001 FUSE observations. Clearly, the feature is weaker in the COS observations (by a factor of ∼5). Additional absorption features in the spectrum include Galactic ISM features (red) and HVCs/additional weak intrinsic absorbers (magenta), which are detailed in Penton et al. (2000), Collins et al. (2003), and this paper. See Figure 5 and the text for more details on these features. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-intrinsic-lya-absorbers-3m81em8d.png Table 6 Intrinsic Lyα Absorbers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-xmm-newton-pn-spectrum-of-mrk-817-is-shown-in-the-2d4uzwlg.png Figure 8. XMM-Newton pn spectrum of Mrk 817 is shown in the observed 0.4–2 keV band, re-binned to a signal-to-noise ratio of 10. This X-ray observation was taken within two weeks of the COS GTO observation. The bottom panel shows the ratio of the data/model, where the model is a blackbody + power-law model. The low-energy spectrum exhibits no signs of an outflow, which is what we expected based on the lack of a strong detection in the UV COS observations. The location of the O vii and O viii absorption edges are indicated on the plot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-plotted-is-the-ratio-of-the-data-model-for-the-1bzeu1pq.png Figure 9. Plotted is the ratio of the data/model for the blackbody + power-law model fit to the December 2009 XMM-Newton pn spectrum (black, re-binned to a signal-to-noise ratio of 20 for illustrative purposes) and the five Swift XRT spectra (re-binned to a signal-to-noise ratio from 5 to 10, depending on the exposure time of the observation). The model applied to the spectra is the bestfit model to the pn spectrum. It is clear that the source varied both in flux and spectral shape between the X-ray observations. The lowest flux points (both in blue) correspond to the Swift XRT spectra taken a day apart in August 2007. The additional Swift spectra correspond to the May 2007 (red), July 2007 (green), and June 2009 (magenta) observations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-ultraviolet-observations-3b1eer7o.png Table 1 Summary of Ultraviolet Observations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-normalized-ghrs-red-and-cos-ero-s9lt3s7j.png Figure 5. Comparison of the normalized GHRS (red) and COS ERO+GTO data (black) is shown. Lyα absorption features noted by Penton et al. (2000) are marked with filled stars and open stars mark three additional features noted here (two absorbers, λobs = 1223.5 Å and 1224.2 Å, are not shown). Absorption arising from interstellar N v and S ii lines are marked. Several features appear unchanged between observation epochs while several others exhibit marked changes. See the text for discussion of individual systems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-intrinsic-lya-absorber-measurements-249ksb5a.png Table 5 Intrinsic Lyα Absorber Measurements https://scispace.com/papers/un-modele-de-wagner-generalise-application-a-l-impact-de-23rlq6maz3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-carene-a-corrections-mouillees-b-efforts-19x6s1h7.png Figure 4. Carène : (a) corrections mouillées, (b) efforts hydrodynamiques https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-histoire-de-la-force-hydrodynamique-a-cylindre-3ahuk6w9.png Figure 3. Histoire de la force hydrodynamique : (a) cylindre circulaire, (b) cylindre non circulaire https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-de-pression-sur-un-coin-a-10deg-20deg-ae8tn3eg.png Figure 2. Distribution de pression sur un coin. α = 10°, 20°, 30°, 45°, 60° et 81° https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-probleme-transforme-en-un-ecoulement-autour-dune-3ttk2ygp.png Figure 1. Problème transformé en un écoulement autour d’une plaque plane https://scispace.com/papers/un-recours-moindre-a-l-ivg-mais-plus-souvent-repete-rxbcmczesq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-repartition-des-ivg-selon-le-nombre-de-semaines-2deye5el.png Figure 5. Répartition des IVG selon le nombre de semaines d’aménorrhée (%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-nombre-divg-par-femme-selon-le-rang-de-livg-ib2cdlpm.png Figure 6. Nombre d’IVG par femme, selon le rang de l’IVG https://scispace.com/papers/una-enfermedad-gangrenosa-de-los-eucaliptos-3dqv4058hh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tipo-de-gangrena-abierta-sobre-el-tronco-de-un-arbol-2o8vkhdg.png Fig. 2. Tipo de gangrena abierta sobre el tronco de un árbol parcialmente resistente a la enfermedad. https://scispace.com/papers/unballanced-performance-of-parallel-connected-large-format-2txhr99gkh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-case-studies-for-ess-with-different-initial-fsrj8fm0.png TABLE I. CASE STUDIES FOR ESS WITH DIFFERENT INITIAL CONDITIONS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-of-a-battery-pack-with-1s-5p-1gp6m7ss.png Figure 1. (a) Schematic of a battery pack with (1S 5P) configuration, showing the interconnect resistances under an applied current source, (b) Current loop for cell n, adopted from [14]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-resistance-current-temperature-and-soc-of-the-cells-1ls192r2.png Figure 5. Resistance, current, temperature and SOC of the cells within the (1S 5P) ESS during a constant 3C discharge process due to cell to cell variation of the initial SOC, / = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-resistance-current-temperature-and-soc-of-the-cells-e1x4jd7t.png Figure 6. Resistance, current, temperature and SOC of the cells within the (1S 5P) ESS during a constant 3C discharge process due to cell to cell variation of the initial SOC, / = 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-resistance-current-temperature-and-soc-of-the-cells-11ewtd95.png Figure 4. Resistance, current, temperature and SOC of the cells within the (1S 5P) ESS during a constant 3C discharge process due to cell to cell variation of the initial temperature, / = 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-resistance-current-temperature-and-soc-of-the-cells-1mvb1uep.png Figure 3. Resistance, current, temperature and SOC of the cells within the (1S 5P) ESS during a constant 3C discharge process due to cell to cell variation of the initial temperature, / = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-flowchart-of-the-matlab-comsol-co-simulation-532qus2r.png Figure 2. The flowchart of the Matlab-COMSOL co-simulation, adopted from [14]. https://scispace.com/papers/unbalance-power-flow-calculation-for-a-radial-distribution-4ptwk94atg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-three-phase-line-model-3il82lpk.png Fig. 1. Three-phase line model https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-quantitative-voltage-unbalance-of-the-ieee-34-bus-1bnb0svz.png TABLE II QUANTITATIVE VOLTAGE UNBALANCE OF THE IEEE 34-BUS UNBALANCE SYSTEM https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-continued-pzg6vw4g.png TABLE II QUANTITATIVE VOLTAGE UNBALANCE OF THE IEEE 34-BUS UNBALANCE SYSTEM https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-simulation-results-of-the-ieee-34-bus-unbalance-2h0as920.png TABLE III SIMULATION RESULTS OF THE IEEE 34-BUS UNBALANCE SYSTEM https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-branch-data-of-the-ieee-34-bus-system-zk98vcy2.png TABLE II QUANTITATIVE VOLTAGE UNBALANCE OF THE IEEE 34-BUS UNBALANCE SYSTEM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-ieee-34-bus-system-used-for-simulation-1lcqsptz.png Fig. 4. The IEEE 34-bus system used for simulation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-overhead-line-spacing-for-the-ieee-34-bus-system-1w3emluy.png Fig. 5. Overhead line spacing for the IEEE 34-bus system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-flowchart-for-three-phase-power-flow-calculation-ouo5dwlh.png Fig. 3. The flowchart for three-phase power flow calculation using ForwardBackward Propagation technique https://scispace.com/papers/unbundling-in-current-broadband-and-next-generation-ultra-bikwmwnra9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-unbundling-techniques-26oghbzx.png Figure 3: Unbundling techniques. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regulatory-remedies-market-4-and-market-5-in-some-3qnvf4mo.png Table 1: Regulatory remedies (Market 4 and Market 5) in some main EU Member States, year 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-virtual-unbundling-line-access-vula-architecture-28-mobposzm.png Figure 6: Virtual Unbundling Line Access (VULA) architecture [ 28 ]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-bitstream-nga-architecture-28-2pdahsou.png Figure 7: Bitstream NGA architecture [ 28 ]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dsl-technologies-migration-path-courtesy-alcatel-2ea2355k.png Figure 1: DSL technologies migration path (Courtesy: Alcatel Lucent). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-wdm-based-unbundling-in-splitter-top-and-in-awg-2eutse4x.png Figure 9: WDM-based unbundling in splitter- (top) and in AWG-based PON (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dsl-network-structure-and-components-2gqcp7k4.png Figure 4: DSL network structure and components. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-vlan-double-tag-assignment-19vy9dkv.png Figure 5: VLAN double TAG assignment. https://scispace.com/papers/unbiased-power-prediction-of-rayleigh-fading-channels-390ba2ezsh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-average-power-prediction-normalized-mse-evaluated-256thuhh.png Fig. 3. The average power prediction normalized MSE evaluated at 37 measurement locations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-prediction-nmse-at-20db-snr-of-an-unbiased-1fq9x0dy.png Fig. 2. The prediction NMSE at 20dB SNR of an unbiased quadratic power predictor for a Jakes channel as a function of the prediction range. Solid and dashed lines are using smoothed and noisy regressors respectively. The uppermost curve corresponds to a predictor with 8 coefficients, the next to 16 and the lowest to 32 coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-prediction-nmse-of-an-unbiased-quadratic-power-8lw2voh7.png Fig. 1. The prediction NMSE of an unbiased quadratic power predictor with 8 coefficients, for a Jakes channel as a function of SNR. Solid lines use smoothed regressors, while dashed lines use noisy regressors. The uppermost curves corresponds to a prediction range L of 0.5 wavelengths. The prediction range decreases to 0.1 for the two consecutive lowest curves. https://scispace.com/papers/uncertain-candidates-valence-and-the-dynamics-of-candidate-eq13sszy0y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-candidates-care-mostly-about-policy-no-valence-17ng4qax.png Figure 1. Candidates care mostly about policy; No valence advantage. ASSUMPTIONS: Ideal points are -1 for the Democrat and +1 for the Republican; The perceived ideal point of the median voter: mean =0, standard deviation = 0.1. Each candidate weighs policy (quadratic loss) four times the value of winning. Neither candidate holds a valence advantage. RESULT: The equilibrium is symmetric, with the candidates positioning themselves slightly to the left and right of the median voter for the Democrat and Republican respectively. The two candidates have an equal chance of winning. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-candidates-care-about-winning-and-policy-democrat-3hxh8dq2.png Figure 2. Candidates care about winning and policy; Democrat has valence advantage ASSUMPTIONS: Ideal points are -1 for the Democrat and +1 for the Republican; The perceived ideal point of the median voter: mean =0, standard deviation = 0.1. Each candidate weighs policy (quadratic loss) equal to the value of winning. The Democrat has a valence advantage of 0.1. RESULT: In equilibrium, the Democrat is slightly more centrist than the Republican, which ensures Democratic victory 95% of the time. The Republican is more extreme than to the Democrat to maximize the utility of the few victories it can expect. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-mixed-bag-of-assumptions-assumptions-ideal-points-2ic0c2y1.png Figure 6. A mixed bag of assumptions. ASSUMPTIONS: Ideal points are -1 for the Democrat and +1 for the Republican. The Democrat’s perceived ideal point of the median voter: mean =0, standard deviation = 0.1. The republican’s perceived ideal point of the median voter; mean=0, standard deviation=0.15. The Democrat weighs policy (quadratic loss) nine times the value of winning. The Republican weighs winning four times the value of policy (quadratic loss). The Democrat has a valence advantage of 0.1. RESULT: This model simulates a popular policy-oriented Democratic incumbent versus an election-seeking Republican challenger. With a mild valence advantage, the Democrat diverges from the median voter more than the Republican. . Given the difference in uncertainty, the Democrat perceives his/her probability of winning to be 88%, whereas the Republican believes that quantity to be 79%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-candidates-mostly-about-policy-high-uncertainty-1zip32l1.png Figure 5. Candidates mostly about policy; High uncertainty about the median voter’s location. ASSUMPTIONS: Ideal points are -1 for the Democrat and +1 for the Republican; The perceived ideal point of the median voter: mean =0, standard deviation = 0. 3. Each candidate weighs policy (quadratic loss) four times the value of winning. Neither candidate holds a valence advantage. RESULT: The equilibrium is symmetric, with the candidates positioning themselves significantly to the left and right of the median voter for the Democrat and Republican respectively. Each candidate has an equal chance of winning https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-candidates-care-winning-and-policy-democrat-has-bkjadl8r.png Figure 4. Candidates care winning and policy; Democrat has large valence advantage. ASSUMPTIONS: Ideal points are -1 for the Democrat and +1 for the Republican; The perceived ideal point of the median voter: mean =0, standard deviation = 0.1. Each candidate weighs policy (quadratic loss) equal to the value of winning. The Democrat has a valence advantage of 0.2. RESULT: In equilibrium, the Democrat is slightly more centrist than the Republican, which ensures Democratic victory 96% of the time. In equilibrium, the Republican is more extreme than the valence-advantaged Democrat to maximize the utility of the few victories it can expect. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-candidates-only-care-about-winning-democrat-has-f4s88cm7.png Figure 3. Candidates only care about winning; Democrat has valence advantage. ASSUMPTIONS: Ideal points are -1 for the Democrat and +1 for the Republican; The perceived ideal point of the median voter: mean =0, standard deviation = 0.1. Each candidate cares only about winning. The Democratic candidate holds a valence advantage of 0.1. RESULT: There is no equilibrium, as the Democrat’s best response is to eliminate any platform differences by adopting the Republican’s platform and the Republican’s best response is to create policy separation between the candidates. Candidate ideal points are irrelevant in this simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-simulation-of-a-moderate-republican-vs-liberal-2yrxhn9y.png Figure 7. Simulation of a moderate Republican vs. liberal Democrat. ASSUMPTIONS: Ideal points are -1 for the Democrat and +0.6 for the Republican. The Democrat’s perceived ideal point of the median voter: mean =0, standard deviation = 0.15. The republican’s perceived ideal point of the median voter; mean=0, standard deviation=0.08. The Democrat weighs policy (quadratic loss) four times the value of winning. The Republican weighs winning at 150% the value of policy (quadratic loss). The Republican has a valence advantage of 0.02. RESULT: This model simulates a somewhat popular moderate Republican incumbent facing a more policy-oriented Democratic challenger. The Republican’s concern for winning and her accurate knowledge of the electorate push the Republican toward the median voter more than her small valence advantage allows her to move away from the center. The Democrat’s idealism and uncertainty result in that candidate positioning himself to the left of the median voter. https://scispace.com/papers/uncertain-centroid-based-partitional-clustering-of-uncertain-2e8le0w9yo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-accuracy-results-quality-on-real-datasets-1e49zi1z.png Table 3: Accuracy results (Quality) on real datasets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-efficiency-results-1jtekt0l.png Figure 4: Efficiency results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-datasets-used-in-the-experiments-yxmmb2ux.png Table 1: Datasets used in the experiments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-uncertain-objects-with-same-central-tendency-a-2mcg27tz.png Figure 1: Uncertain objects with same central tendency: (a) lower-variance, more compact cluster, and (b) higher-variance, less compact cluster https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-uncertain-objects-with-different-central-tendency-a-nakjaw81.png Figure 2: Uncertain objects with different central tendency: (a) lower-variance, less compact cluster, and (b) higher-variance, more compact cluster https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-accuracy-results-on-benchmark-datasets-external-f-3hpxz99a.png Table 2: Accuracy results on benchmark datasets: external (F-measure) and internal (Quality) criteria https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scalability-on-the-kdd-cup-99-dataset-q3j65u0r.png Figure 5: Scalability on the KDD Cup ’99 dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-uncertain-cluster-centroid-computation-ktpyy80f.png Figure 3: Example of uncertain cluster centroid computation based on multiple deterministic representations of uncertain objects https://scispace.com/papers/uncertainty-analysis-in-mcp-based-wind-resource-assessment-38herdh8e8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sample-power-curve-vd7pu5fj.png Fig. 3 Sample power curve https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distribution-of-lifetime-availability-values-1l47p4ka.png Fig. 2 Distribution of lifetime availability values https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dependence-of-sfcf-k-on-c-and-k-pjwq5psp.png Fig. 6 Dependence of SFCF,k on c and k https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-empirical-availability-data-and-weibull-fit-33pggcla.png Fig. 1 Empirical availability data and Weibull fit https://scispace.com/papers/uncertainty-analysis-of-spectral-irradiance-reference-2orbyyazbh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-measurement-setup-of-spectral-irradiance-using-a-1ygvol5m.png Figure 1. Measurement setup of spectral irradiance using a NIST standard lamp and area of study included in this report (red square). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-each-component-contribution-to-the-combined-standard-24qywz8u.png Table 4. Each Component Contribution to the Combined Standard Uncertainty for 250 nm Wavelength https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-plot-showing-the-uncertainty-values-from-both-the-1monn1se.png Figure 4. Plot showing the uncertainty values from both the NIST-reported (calibration certificate) and NREL calculated estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-contributing-components-to-the-uncertainty-eqxssoxn.png Table 2. Contributing Components to the Uncertainty https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-uncertainty-in-spectral-irradiance-as-a-result-of-38i89uev.png Figure 3. Uncertainty in spectral irradiance as a result of the reduction in the set current. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plot-showing-nonequivalence-comparison-between-nist-28pxg9ex.png Figure 2. Plot showing nonequivalence comparison between NIST-reported and NREL-calculated spectral irradiance as a function of wavelength. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spectral-irradiance-and-measurement-setup-input-xu9pcx12.png Table 1. Spectral Irradiance and Measurement Setup Input Parameters From NIST and NREL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-monte-carlo-validation-results-for-top-250-nm-and-3frqftt1.png Figure 5. Monte Carlo validation results for (top) 250 nm and (bottom) 1,600 nm https://scispace.com/papers/uncertainty-analysis-on-process-responses-of-conventional-3i1pkb94d0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-limit-state-surface-mosstyo3.png Figure 2: Limit state surface https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-value-and-standard-deviation-of-variables-213arxx3.png Table 2: Mean value and standard deviation of variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-probabilistic-modeling-of-system-variables-1mc27o1q.png Figure 6: Probabilistic modeling of system variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-comparison-of-maximum-roller-force-response-before-2be1l19x.png Figure 14: Comparison of maximum roller force response before and after variance reduction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-probability-distribution-using-a-set-of-p-and-c-3ek1fvic.png Figure 3: Probability distribution using a set of p and c https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-experimental-results-3rnx7s44.png Figure 5: Experimental results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-pdf-comparison-of-minimum-thickness-response-11xdxpko.png Figure 10: PDF comparison of minimum thickness response between RSM and MPP https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-conventional-spinning-parameters-34yqpq5f.png Table 1: Conventional spinning parameters https://scispace.com/papers/uncertainty-analysis-of-the-cpa-and-a-quadrupolar-cpa-2jmbq7n27l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-modeling-approaches-with-cpa-including-the-number-of-sx3yol5u.png Table 1: Modeling approaches with CPA, including the number of adjustable pure compound parameters, investigated for CO2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-propagated-uncertainty-in-the-model-predictions-for-682nlto9.png Figure 7: Propagated uncertainty in the model predictions for the residual isochoric heat capacity of CO2 at saturation, employing approach A (a), D (b), E (c) and F (d). Grey lines represent the simulations, red dashed lines are the 5th and 95th percentile of the simulations and black full lines are the mean of the simulations. Pseudo-experimental data from Span and Wagner [30]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-propagated-uncertainty-in-the-model-predictions-for-3nvsgwlo.png Figure 8: Propagated uncertainty in the model predictions for the residual isobaric heat capacity of CO2 at saturation, employing approach A (a), D (b), E (c) and F (d). Grey lines represent the simulations, red dashed lines are the 5th and 95th percentile of the simulations and black full lines are the mean of the simulations. Pseudo-experimental data from Span and Wagner [30]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimated-co2-parameters-uncertainty-as-a-95-u7rmvnwi.png Table 6: Estimated CO2 parameters, uncertainty as a 95% confidence interval (CI) in percent of the parameter estimate, and parameter correlation matrix when modeling approach B is employed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-histograms-approximating-the-distribution-of-each-bltz0fod.png Figure 5: Histograms approximating the distribution of each parameter (left y-axis), obtained from 500 re-sampled bootstraps, using modeling approach D for CO2. The full red lines show the estimated probability density function (right y-axis). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-propagated-uncertainty-in-the-model-predictions-3pyo6dbh.png Figure 10: Propagated uncertainty in the model predictions for the CO2+propane VLE at T=230K. Employing approach A (a), D (b), E (c) and F (d). Grey lines represent the Monte Carlo simulations, red dashed lines are the 5th and 95th percentile of the simulations and black full lines are the mean of the simulations. Experimental data from [59]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-propagated-uncertainty-in-the-model-predictions-for-2efkcpc1.png Figure 9: Propagated uncertainty in the model predictions for the CO2+ethane VLE at T=250K. Employing approach A (a), D (b), E (c) and F (d). Grey lines represent the simulations, red dashed lines are the 5th and 95th percentile of the simulations and black full lines are the mean of the simulations. Experimental data from [58]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-propagated-uncertainty-in-the-model-predictions-3bq25c9q.png Figure 13: Propagated uncertainty in the model predictions for the CO2+ethane VLE at T=250 K. Approach F (a) and D (b) fitted to ∆Hvap in addition to ρliqsat and P sat. Grey lines represent the simulations, red dashed lines are the 5th and 95th percentile of the simulations and black full lines are the mean of the simulations. Blue circles are experimental data from [58]. https://scispace.com/papers/uncertainty-and-decision-making-during-a-crisis-how-to-make-go6r37g74v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-decision-problem-under-uncertainty-11av7kul.png Figure 1: Overview of the decision problem under uncertainty https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-case-study-school-closures-and-their-length-during-yzva5plk.png Figure 2: Case study. School closures and their length during the COVID-19 pandemic. Details are provided in the SI. https://scispace.com/papers/uncertainty-dependent-optimal-control-for-robot-control-1n1x8fiinu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-optimal-trajectories-and-feedback-gains-for-a-2d-point-3brncdd6.png Fig. 1. Optimal trajectories and feedback gains for a 2D point mass damper robot xr tracking goal xg with noisy passive mass-damper system dynamics and where γn = 2 and γp = 7 for a horizon of Tc = 0.5s. Initial states of robot and goal are xr0 = [0 0], ẋ r 0 = [0 0], x g 0 = [0.1 0.1] and ẋ g 0 = [1 −0.5]. Results are shown every 0.02s. Ellipses represent the corresponding feedback gain matrices in terms of their eigenvectors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-optimal-trajectories-and-feedback-gains-for-a-two-link-1dv5knjn.png Fig. 4. Optimal trajectories and feedback gains for a two-link manipulator xr tracking goal xg with passive mass-damper system dynamics and avoiding obstacle xo with noisy passive mass-damper system dynamics including static obstacles and where γn = 6 and γp = 3. The static obstacle considered is normally distributed, centered at (−0.1, 0.45) with covariance matrix 0.3I2. Initial states of robot, goal and obstacle are xr0 = [0.3 0.4], ẋ r 0 = [0 0], x g 0 = [0.3 0.4], ẋ g 0 = [0 − 0.7], x o 0 = [0.42 0.4] and ẋo0 = [0.3 − 0.6]. Results are shown every 0.02s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-optimal-trajectories-and-feedback-gains-of-the-same-35fs26zt.png Fig. 3. Optimal trajectories and feedback gains of the same problem from Fig.2 considering both the goal’s and the obstacle’s marginal variability, where γn = 3.5 and γp = 3. Results are shown every 0.02s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-optimal-trajectories-and-feedback-gains-for-a-2d-point-1jin93c8.png Fig. 2. Optimal trajectories and feedback gains for a 2D point mass damper robot xr tracking goal xg with passive mass-damper system dynamics and avoiding obstacle xo with noisy passive mass-damper system dynamics and where γn = 1.9 and γp = 3 for a horizon of Tc = 0.5s. Initial states of robot, goal and obstacle are xr0 = [0 0], ẋ r 0 = [0 0], x g 0 = [0.1 0.1], ẋ g 0 = [1 − 0.5], x o 0 = [0.15 0.15] and ẋ o 0 = [1 − 0.5]. Results are shown every 0.02s. https://scispace.com/papers/uncertainty-due-to-hygrometer-sensor-in-eddy-covariance-58yyxnqj5z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-of-half-hour-periods-ncnf80-for-which-the-3l6315xe.png Table 1. Percentage of half-hour periods (NCNF80) for which the cumulative 344 normalized contribution to fluxes was above 80 % as a function of upwind fetch 345 distance (xL). 346 https://scispace.com/papers/uncertainty-in-cell-fate-decision-making-lessons-from-429rp1kib0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-potential-function-p-x-a-d-and-quasi-potential-2w9x5rch.png Figure 4: Potential function P (X) (a-d) and quasi-potential function Q(X) (e-h) for a deterministic system undergoing the supercritical pitchfork bifurcation (Equation 4). The example presented includes a two dimensional comparison of P (X) and Q(X) in function of the bifurcation parameter α and the state variable X (a and e) as well as one dimensional comparisons of P (X) and Q(X) for three selected values of α which represent the three qualitatively distinct global stability outcomes of the system whilst undergoing the bifurcation. They are before the bifurcation event, α = −3.75 (b, f); at the bifurcation event, α = 0.0 (c, g); and after the bifurcation event, α = 3.75 (d, h). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-quasi-potential-q-x-a-d-and-the-entropy-over-3d0q6294.png Figure 2: The quasi-potential Q(X) (a-d) and the entropy over the state space H(X) (e-h) are visualised as a system undergoes a supercritical pitchfork bifurcation for different representative noise levels (0.0 < σ < 1.6). The first row (a and e) represents a system with no noise (σ = 0.0); here the steady state probability distribution in state space would (for t → ∞) be a set of Dirac δ-functions (the invariant set of the dynamics [8, 21]); for convenience we have have stuck to finite time-series and hence we observe broadened peaks. The next three rows show the same landscapes and entropies but for noisy dynamics with σ = 0.6 in b and f, σ = 1.3 in c and g, and σ = 1.6 in d and h (which reflects also observations for larger noise levels). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-the-bifurcation-diagram-of-the-supercritical-3i4rpxgw.png Figure 1: Top: The bifurcation diagram of the supercritical pitchfork bifurcation where stable (solid line) and unstable (dashed line) fixed points of the system are shown as a function of the bifurcation parameter α. Left: For negative α, the two time courses with no noise (deterministic setting) and simulations with noise (stochastic setting) are shown. They both contain trajectories of ten initial conditions. Appended to the time course plot is the quasi-potential function built based on the ten simulations. In both cases (no noise and with noise) we observe a clear peak in the graph of the function at X = 0. The peak aligns with the stable fixed point at X = 0 for negative α in the supercritical pitchfork bifurcation. Right: Again, the deterministic and stochastic cases are shown but for positive values of α. The graphs of the quasi-potential function peaks at the positions of the stable fixed points at X = +/− √ α. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-entropy-over-the-state-space-is-shown-for-eqv98hu7.png Figure 3: The entropy over the state space is shown for systems undergoing the supercritical pitchfork bifurcation, the transcritical bifurcation and the saddle node bifurcation (Equation 4-6). In the bifurcation diagrams (a) the stable fixed points and the unstable fixed points are indictaed by solid and dashed lines, respectively. Entropies values are displayed as functions of noise term σ (Equation 3) and the bifurcation parameter α (b). Additionally, the entropies are also shown as functions of σ for selected α values (−7.5, 0.0 and 7.5 for the pitchfork bifurcation, and −2.5, 0.0 and 2.5 for the transcritical and saddle node bifurcations). https://scispace.com/papers/uncertainty-in-climate-change-projections-39iedfxcj3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-co2-emissions-scenarios-releasing-from-1250-to-20000-3hk7n07q.png Fig. 4: (a) CO2 emissions scenarios releasing from 1250 to 20,000 Pg C (4580–73,300 Pg CO2) to the atmosphere after year 2000 (1Pg=1Gt). (b) CO2 emissions specified for the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1, A2, B1, and B2 pathways(IPCC 2000) and allowable emissions calculated with an ocean model from WRE (Wigley et al. 1995) CO2 stabilization scenarios. (c) Model-predicted atmospheric CO2 contents (ppm) for the emission pathways shown in (a). (d) Atmospheric CO2 (ppm) predicted for the SRES emission pathways and specified for the WRE stabilization scenarios. From Caldeira and Wickett (2005). https://scispace.com/papers/uncertainty-in-projections-of-streamflow-changes-due-to-4s0wrz2tpu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gcm-simulations-used-in-this-study-oixgzt9z.png Table 1. GCM Simulations Used in This Study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sacramento-san-joaquin-basin-the-region-included-in-ev543zlp.png Figure 1. Sacramento-San Joaquin basin, the region included in this study, with 3 northern and 4 southern stream gauges. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-same-as-table-2-but-for-the-composite-hydrograph-of-8aihgm1b.png Table 3. Same as Table 2, but for the Composite Hydrograph of the Southern Gauges https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-percent-of-inter-model-variability-in-monthly-34by00ls.png Table 5. Percent of Inter-model Variability in Monthly Streamflow for the Composite North and South Hydrographs Attributable to Inter-model Variability in Precipitationa https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-streamflow-statistics-for-the-composite-hydrograph-ph64yun4.png Table 2. Streamflow Statistics for the Composite Hydrograph of the Three North Gauges, Calculated Across Different GCMs, Quantifying the Degree of Consistency Between GCM Resultsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-streamflow-simulations-forced-by-the-10-gcms-for-12pmg6w4.png Figure 2. Streamflow simulations forced by the 10 GCMs for the North 3 gauges (top 3 panels) and the South 4 gauges (bottom 3 panels). a) and d) Control years 41–60, b) and e) Perturbed years 21–40, c) and f) Perturbed years 51–70. The ‘‘obs’’ line, repeated for reference on all panels, shows the hydrograph for the 1960–1999 period, which is the benchmark period to which the control period GCM output was bias-corrected. https://scispace.com/papers/uncertainty-in-soil-moisture-retrievals-an-ensemble-approach-1zjidmatwt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-skill-of-bars-average-retrievals-obtained-by-3dnt46w5.png Figure 5. Skill of (bars) average retrievals obtained by perturbing RTM parameters 556 and (+) retrievals without RTM parameter perturbation, for various TB 557 configurations and RTM parameter sets calculating τ as input (option 1 only), (a) 558 without prior and (b) with CLSM SM as prior constraint. The TB configurations 559 include (i) 2x7 individual TB species, (ii) one set of 7 TbH species, (iii) one set of 560 7 TbV species and (iv) one set of 7 TbH and 7 TbV species jointly. All metrics are 561 averaged over 11 reference sites during 1 June 2010 – 1 June 2015 (6:00 am and 562 6:00 pm LT), and the error bars are 95% confidence intervals. The skills of the 563 established retrievals and CLSM SM at 6:00 am are shown for reference (last bars 564 of Fig. 3 here shown as lines). 565 Overall, the TB configuration has only a small impact on the skill metrics. The multi-566 angular dual-polarization retrievals (case iv) do not outperform the other retrievals. 567 Regardless of the TB configuration, the ubRMSD of the experimental retrievals is typically 568 worse than the established products, except for Lit1, which results in the lowest ubRMSD. 569 In general, the ubRMSD is better for parameter sets with low h values, i.e. Lit1 and Lit5. As 570 shown before, the results with Lit3 (high roughness) are worst in all metrics. However, when 571 including a prior constraint of CLSM SM (Figure 5b), all retrievals can be greatly improved. 572 The best results are obtained using dynamically varying CLSM SM, but a time-mean CLSM 573 SM as prior constraint also effectively improves the retrieval results over what is obtained 574 without a prior constraint (not shown). 575 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-anomaly-variance-offset-variance-and-temporal-3ah4ujvh.png Figure 6. Anomaly variance, offset variance and temporal variance in SM retrievals 578 at 11 reference sites (1 June 2010 - 31 May 2015). The anomaly and offset variances 579 are calculated across the ensemble at each time step and then averaged over time, 580 the temporal variance is calculated for the ensemble mean over the same time period. 581 Figure 6 partitions the total ensemble variance of the 85-member ensemble without zero-582 centering (Section 4.2.1 & Appendix B) into the variance in the long-term means of the 583 members (named ‘offset variance’ here, medium gray bars) and the variance in the anomaly 584 members (dark gray bars). The latter is identical to the variance in the zero-centered 585 ensemble. The offset variance is much larger than the anomaly ensemble variance at all sites. 586 Figure 6 also shows that the variation in long-term mean values greatly exceeds the temporal 587 SM variability at each location (light gray bars). The time-averaged ensemble anomaly 588 spread (standard deviation) ranges between 0.025 m³/m³ at RC1 and 0.051 m³/m³ at SF, with 589 a mean of 0.037 m³/m³ and a standard deviation of 0.007 m³/m³ across sites. Time series of 590 the zero-centered ensemble underlying these time-averaged statistics are visualized in Figure 591 7 (grey dots), together with the ensemble mean (blue dots) and the centered in situ SM time 592 series (red dots), for four reference sites. The in situ data are generally well embedded inside 593 the ensemble envelope, indicating that retrieval uncertainty is well represented by this 594 ensemble (confirmed by Figure B1c). No spatial properties, such as soil porosity, wilting 595 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-11-reference-sites-with-their-label-1lzsn65k.png Table 1. Overview of 11 reference sites with their label, watershed, USA state, 149 vegetation class (vegcls; OS: open shrubland, G: grassland, CN: crop/natural 150 mosaic, C: cropland), soil class (soilcls) according to De Lannoy et al. (2014), 151 degree of vegetation heterogeneity within a site (based on optical vegetation 152 information), start date of available grid-averaged data, and maximum number (N) 153 of sensors measuring surface SM. 154 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reference-sites-with-in-situ-sm-time-series-located-1hnstxwu.png Figure 1. Reference sites with in situ SM time series located in the USA (see also 147 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-skill-comparison-of-three-established-sm-retrieval-30clbf13.png Figure 3. Skill comparison of three established SM retrieval products (i.e. SMOS 504 L2 v620, SMOS IC v103, SMOS LPRM CCI) and CLSM SM during the period 1 505 June 2010-1 June 2015 (6:00 am LT only), in terms of ubRMSD, R, Ranom, and 506 bias, with 95% confidence intervals. Skills are arranged per reference site and also 507 averaged over all the sites (all), the high heterogeneity sites (het), and the low 508 heterogeneity sites (hom); see Table 1 for details. 509 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-temporally-and-spatially-lumped-centralized-k5teyaj2.png Figure 8. Temporally and spatially lumped centralized ensemble SM probability 621 density distribution. The x-axis shows the ensemble member deviations ΔSM from 622 the instantaneous ensemble mean. Data points are sampled over 85 ensemble 623 members, 1 June 2010 - 1 June 2015, and over 11 reference sites. A Gaussian fit is 624 shown as a line. 625 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-ensemble-standard-deviation-envar-t-in-function-of-whs4qplj.png Figure 9. Ensemble standard deviation √envar(t) in function of ensemble mean 627 enmn(t) (a) without and (b) with zero-centering the SM members, for all 11 628 reference sites, and all retrieval time steps in the period 1 June 2010 - 1 June 2015. 629 6. Discussion 630 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-zero-centered-sm-retrieval-time-series-at-four-26h112g0.png Figure 7. Zero-centered SM retrieval time series at four reference sites: (gray dots) 600 85-member SM ensemble without prior SM constraint, (blue) associated ensemble 601 mean time series, and (red) in situ SM time series, for the period 1 January 2010 - 1 602 June 2015. Gaps in the ensemble time series are caused by a lack of good SMOS 603 TBs, gaps in in situ SM time series are mainly caused by failing sensors. 604 Figure 8 shows that the spatiotemporally-averaged or lumped ensemble distribution of 605 the zero-centered SM ensemble set is nearly Gaussian, not skewed, and only slightly 606 leptokurtic (i.e. having a positive kurtosis; more concentrated about the mean). The space-607 time mean anomaly ensemble standard deviation is 0.037 m³/m³. 608 Instead of lumping the ensemble information in space and time, Figure 9 illustrates how 609 the ensemble spread varies with the ensemble mean SM in space and time. The total ensemble 610 spread without zero-centering (Figure 9a) is around 0.07 m³/m³ for dry SM, increases to about 611 0.17 m³/m³ for moderate SM and decreases again for wet SM. By contrast, the anomaly 612 ensemble spread (i.e. with zero-centering) is lowest around the long-term mean SM and 613 increases for both lower and higher SM values (Figure 9b). The anomaly spread varies 614 between 0.01 and 0.12 m³/m³, with an average of 0.037 m³/m³ (Figure 8) and a temporal 615 standard deviation of 0.015 m³/m³, averaged across sites. A high proportion (i.e. 62%; based 616 on R=0.79) of this variation can be explained by the absolute value of the zero-centered 617 https://scispace.com/papers/uncertainty-propagation-and-sensitivity-analysis-in-ray-226tqz2nfk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sobol-indices-for-a-transmission-not-shown-indices-o4sgogto.png Figure 3. Sobol indices for a transmission. Not shown indices are negligible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geometrical-parameters-for-an-edge-diffraction-20p9e8us.png Figure 1. Geometrical parameters for an edge-diffraction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-output-of-the-uncertainty-computation-algorithm-when-7b0rtjf3.png Table 1. Output of the uncertainty computation algorithm when analysing the indoor environment of Fig. 6: µ, σ and V C = µ/σ are related to the electric field E and the incidence angle θ; MPC with µE < 0.001V/m are not presented. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-deterministic-coordinates-in-m-for-a-transmission-bkerlnd6.png Figure 2. Deterministic coordinates (in m) for a transmission (dashed) and a single reflection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-indoor-environment-the-coordinates-for-the-19lqacrq.png Figure 6. Example indoor environment. The coordinates for the emitter and receptor antennas are respectively (1, 1) and (9, 6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sobol-indices-for-a-reflection-not-shown-indices-2tzabmjk.png Figure 4. Sobol indices for a reflection. Not shown indices are negligible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sobol-indices-for-a-diffraction-not-shown-indices-1m1lnqs4.png Figure 5. Sobol indices for a diffraction. Not shown indices are negligible. https://scispace.com/papers/uncertainty-quantification-in-the-assessment-of-progressive-2hdfp45na7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-contour-plot-of-the-normalized-marginal-posterior-pdfs-343chd0k.png FIG. 7: Contour plot of the normalized marginal posterior PDFs for all substructures, for damage states S1 to S4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-first-three-longitudinal-mode-shapes-obtained-at-1q4fhtp0.png FIG. 2: First three longitudinal mode shapes obtained at damage state S0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-fe-model-of-the-seven-story-test-structure-and-b-3zl5nknh.png FIG. 3: (a) FE model of the seven-story test structure and (b) definition of the substructures along the main wall. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-initial-values-map-estimates-obtained-through-2o6o7ya8.png TABLE 3: Initial values, MAP estimates obtained through deterministic updating and MCMC, posterior mean values µ, standard deviations σ and coefficients of variation (COV) for S0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-normalized-marginal-prior-pdf-dashed-line-and-26ndfxsg.png FIG. 6: Normalized marginal prior PDF (dashed line) and posterior PDF (solid line) for (a) substructure 1 and (b) substructure 5, for damage state S0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimentally-identified-natural-frequencies-and-10xalzyb.png TABLE 2: Experimentally identified natural frequencies and damping ratios for the five damage states. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-map-values-and-coefficients-of-variation-cov-for-the-r3rzn9gx.png TABLE 4: MAP-values and coefficients of variation (COV) for the 10 substructure stiffnesses, for all damage states. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-visualization-of-posterior-correlation-coefficient-2mgnaal1.png FIG. 10: (a) Visualization of posterior correlation coefficient matrix where the relative size of the symbols represents the value of the negative (◦) and positive ( ) correlation coefficients and (b) the best (X1) and two worst (X9 andX10) resolved parameter combinations, for damage state S4. https://scispace.com/papers/uncertainty-quantification-in-the-fusion-simulation-project-3i9xvmqrew 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relationships-between-experiments-models-1odivypm.png Figure 1. Relationships between experiments, models, verification, and validation. https://scispace.com/papers/uncertainty-quantification-of-a-rotorcraft-conceptual-sizing-knsi8qdhth 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-graphical-representation-of-local-sensitivity-198la3s2.png Figure 4. Graphical representation of local sensitivity analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-emission-species-considered-in-the-uncertainty-and-3sm0zy6h.png Table 1. Emission species considered in the uncertainty and sensitivity analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-conceptual-design-of-a-tiltrotor-platform-z9e39k2d.png Figure 5. Conceptual design of a tiltrotor platform configured for 90 passengers payload https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-rotorcraft-mission-profile-used-for-the-2y19gp2x.png Figure 6. Rotorcraft mission profile used for the quantification of emission uncertainties and parameter sensitivities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-total-sensitivity-index-tsi-for-different-modeling-1j8ijfqs.png Figure 13. Total Sensitivity Index (TSI) for different modeling parameters as a function of design cruise altitude https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-emissionwrapper-a-computational-framework-used-to-6cgij4so.png Figure 1. EmissionWrapper : A computational framework used to model system uncertainties and sensitivities in rotorcraft emissions modeling with NDARC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-mission-profile-fuel-burn-lb-3b1hmr6d.png Figure 14. Mission profile fuel burn (lb) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-uncertainty-propagation-approach-using-monte-carlo-333vkq8m.png Figure 2. Uncertainty propagation approach using Monte Carlo simulations https://scispace.com/papers/uncertainty-sentiments-and-time-varying-risk-premia-27xc9111h6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-output-for-regression-erpt-b0-b1-log-s-2-i-t-2g9dcehu.png Table 4: Output for regression: erpt = b0 + b1 log(σ 2 I,t) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-output-for-regression-erpt-b0-b1s-2-r-t-b2s-2-th-t-scmmnde7.png Table 5: Output for regression erpt = b0 + b1σ 2 ρ,t + b2σ 2 θ,t https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-years-with-negative-comovements-between-erpt-and-s-1ol3sk3o.png Figure 5: Years with negative comovements between erpt and σ 2 I,t. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-measures-of-uncertainty-s2th-t-s-2-r-t-and-si-t-1mxtuvvt.png Figure 3: Measures of uncertainty: σ2θ,t, σ 2 ρ,t and σI,t https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimates-for-tht-and-rt-computed-using-the-ekf-3ixzt1we.png Figure 2: Estimates for θ̂t and ρ̂t computed using the EKF procedure and equation (16). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-implied-risk-premium-erpt-j2e30dtr.png Figure 4: Implied risk premium (erpt). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-output-for-regression-pt-b0-b1-log-s-2-i-t-3m604omq.png Table 1: Output for regression pt = b0 + b1 log(σ 2 I,t) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-output-for-regression-pt-b0-b1-log-s-2-i-t-b2rt-3d8wdvex.png Table 2: Output for regression pt = b0 + b1 log(σ 2 I,t) + b2ρ̂t + b3θ̂t https://scispace.com/papers/unchanged-gastric-emptying-and-visceral-perception-in-early-3fxje2ui2y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-clinical-characteristics-of-study-1cawws9m.png Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants: clinical data of Parkinson disease patients (PD, n = 16), age-and sexmatched controls (Ctrl1, n = 11) and young male controls (Ctrl2, n = 10); values given in mean ± SD https://scispace.com/papers/unchanged-thermopower-enhancement-at-the-semiconductor-metal-4rw6z37g1o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-thermal-conductivity-t-of-fesb2-xtex-with-16q7biy2.png FIG. 3. Color online Thermal conductivity T of FeSb2−xTex with varying xa. Solid lines indicate lattice contribution L T to each system. Inset: zT vs T for the different samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-thermopower-s-t-of-fesb2-xtex-with-1c5zf4pi.png FIG. 2. Color online Thermopower S T of FeSb2−xTex with varying xa. Solid lines are theoretical calculations based on the classical formula see text and further enhancement factors, i.e., 18, 22, 20, 28, and 32 for xa =0.001, 0.003, 0.01, 0.065, and 0.160, respectively. Inset: Hall coefficient −RH T for FeSb2−xTex with symbols the same as in the main panel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-electrical-resistivity-t-of-fesb2-xtex-1n2uvzul.png FIG. 1. Color online Electrical resistivity T of FeSb2−xTex with varying actual doping concentration xa . Inset: correlation between carrier concentration n and nominal Te content xn, from which xa is determined. https://scispace.com/papers/unconceived-alternatives-and-conservatism-in-science-the-5ds4chx8kw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-number-of-nih-research-awardsmade-to-pis-35-years-of-2wge9do5.png Fig. 2 Number of NIH research awardsmade to PIs 35 years of age and younger. Reprintedwith permission from (Committee on Bridges to Independence 2005, p. 17), Courtesy of the National Academies Press, Washington D.C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-average-age-at-time-of-first-assistant-professorship-17krry91.png Fig. 1 Average age at time of first assistant professorship at U.S. medical schools and receipt of first R01/R29 award. a PhD holders. bMD holders. cMD/PhD holders. Reprinted with permission from (Committee on Bridges to Independence 2005, p. 39), Courtesy of the National Academies Press, Washington D.C. https://scispace.com/papers/unconventional-amphiphilic-polymers-based-on-chiral-poly-2ynvxj9fdv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1h-nmr-spectrum-upper-graph-with-expansion-and-13c-1lm7yqnm.png Figure 3. 1H NMR spectrum (upper graph with expansion) and 13C NMR spectrum (lower graph with expansion) of 2-oxo-5(S)-isobutyl-12-crown-4 ((S)-5) in CDCl3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-coiled-coil-representations-the-helical-wheel-139bdghe.png Figure 1. Coiled coil representations. The ‘helical wheel’ representation (part A) is an end-on-view of two R-helices that build up a coiled coil. In every ‘wheel’, the repeating unit of seven amino acids is drawn. Positions A and D (and A′ and D′) are occupied by hydrophobic residues such as leucine (Leu), while positions B, C, and D (and B′, C′, and D′) are occupied by hydrophilic, R-helix-stabilizing residues such as serine (Ser). Finally, positions E and G (and E′ and G′) are occupied by lysine (Lys) and glutamic acid (Glu), which at the right pH give salt bridges between the two R-helical units of the coiled coil.39 The association process is schematically drawn in part B. In H2O, the apolar ribbons on the surfaces of the amphiphilic R-helicessfor simplicity drawn as cylinderss‘click’ together, thereby deforming the two helices to two left-handed superhelices. After association, the ribbons are buried in the interior of the coiled coil and are thus shielded from the aqueous environment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-13c-nmr-spectrum-of-polymer-1-in-cdcl3-upper-left-2tntkpyx.png Figure 4. 13C NMR spectrum of polymer 1 in CDCl3: upper left, the carbonyl signal (one carbon atom); upper right, the carbon signals of the isobutyl side groups (4 × 2 ) 8 carbon atoms); bottom: all carbon signals associated with the backbone ethylene oxide fragments (13 carbon atoms). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-synthetic-coiled-coil-analogues-based-on-peo-1xa4a4gc.png Figure 2. Synthetic coiled-coil analogues based on PEO. Isobutyl side groups are chosen in analogy to the isobutyl side groups of the leucine residues in coiled-coil-forming peptides. The methyl side groups are chosen analogous to the methyl side groups in PEO/PPO/PEO block copolymers. Chirality is introduced in analogy to the chirality present in peptides. Polymer 1 and polymers 2 and 3 can be abbreviated in the formulas [PAPPAPP′]n and [PPAP′]n, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-es-ms-spectra-of-polymers-1-2-and-3-and-poly-2-oxo-s2ehwzwa.png Figure 5. ES-MS spectra of polymers 1, 2, and 3 and poly(2-oxo-12-crown-4) in parts A, B, C, and D, respectively.40 The observed molecular weight/charge ratios (m/z) of the oligomeric species obey the formula m/z ) n‚FW(monomeric unit) + FW(water) - 1, with FW(monomeric unit) ) 434, 246, 204, and 190 for 1, 2, 3, and poly(2-oxo-12-crown-4), respectively. The y-axes have arbitrary units. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-critical-aggregation-concentrations-cacs-of-polymers-2yyq4g3s.png Table 2. Critical Aggregation Concentrations (cac’s) of Polymers in H2O at 20 °Ca https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-critical-aggregation-concentration-values-of-peo-ppo-2lve5buq.png Table 3. Critical Aggregation Concentration Values of PEO/PPO/PEO block copolymers in H2O at 20 °Ca https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-fluorescent-probe-studies-on-aqueous-solutions-of-2v5ddhkd.png Figure 6. Fluorescent-probe studies on aqueous solutions of polymers 1-3 and poly(2-oxo-12-crown-4). Shown are excitation data (λem ) 390 nm; I338/I335; 9), emission data (λex ) 338 nm; I3/I1; 2), and UV data (A700 nm; b) at different concentrations of polymer in H2O at 20 °C. The concentration (log c) is calculated in milligrams per milliliter. The results concerning polymers 1-3 and poly(2-oxo-12-crown-4) are shown in parts A, B, C, and D, respectively. A pyrene concentration of 4.1 × 10-7 M has been used for all data points. https://scispace.com/papers/unconditionally-secure-rational-secret-sharing-in-standard-2gywtt5vf5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-recovering-process-when-l1-l2-2pfb2r6a.png Fig. 1. The recovering process when l1 = l2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2cw1d2gr.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/unconventional-applications-of-wire-bonding-create-3p0txvjckd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-photo-micrograph-of-a-fine-pitch-ceramic-bond-26q0bto6.png Figure 4. a) Photo micrograph of a fine-pitch ceramic bond capillary (SBNS-35DPC-1/16-XL, SPT Roth Ltd, Switzerland) with a 25 µm gold bond wire and free air ball. The tip of the flame off electrode is visible in the lower right corner of the image. Inset: The tip of the capillary is tapered for fine-pitch applications. b) Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) image of three ball-stitch bonds with typical loop shape and a gold wire diameter of 25 µm. c) SEM image of fine-pitch ball bonds with 20 µm gold bond wire. d) SEM image of a stitch bond. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-most-common-wire-bonding-tool-types-1ydj80po.png Table 1. Overview of most common wire bonding tool types. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-hermetic-sealing-of-liquids-in-cavities-by-wire-2t70je5g.png Figure 17. Hermetic sealing of liquids in cavities by wire bump bonding: a) Gold ball bumping is used to seal fluid access ports of cavities. b) Cross sectional view of a wire bonded plug in a 30 µm diameter fluid access port. c) Cavities filled with red dye that is seen though the glass cap wafer. [139, 140]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-a-conceptual-3d-drawing-of-an-anchor-structure-and-2h9ao7j7.png Figure 19. a) Conceptual 3D drawing of an anchor structure and b) SEM image of an anchor structure with an integrated SMA wire. A wire bonder is used to anchor SMA wires with a free air ball in a tapered and underetched silicon structure [155–157]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-a-conceptual-3d-drawing-of-a-cantilever-based-1fk5wata.png Figure 18. a) Conceptual 3D drawing of a cantilever-based clamp, and b) SEM image of a single clamp with an integrated SMA wire. The wire is pushed in between a pair of cantilevers with the help of the wire bonder [155–157]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-through-silicon-via-tsv-concepts-based-on-wire-3a9uh5by.png Figure 13. Through silicon via (TSV) concepts based on wire bonding technology: a) Conceptual CAD image of a wire-bonded through-silicon via with low capacitive substrate coupling. b) SEM image of the conductive core of the via, which consists of a gold wire that has been wire-bonded on a metal membrane on the bottom of the cavity [131]. c) Conceptual CAD image of a wire-bonded through-silicon via with high aspect ratios. d) SEM image of gold wires that have been inserted in via holes [132]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-some-representative-examples-of-loop-shapes-that-3hngpivp.png Figure 5. Some representative examples of loop shapes that can be created by ballstitch wire bonding. a) Standard forward loop. b) Flat forward loop. c) Reverse loop. d) Chip scale package (CSP) loop. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ball-bumping-process-flow-a-free-air-ball-is-ball-1gssygl9.png Figure 6. Ball bumping process flow. A free air ball is ball-bonded to a metal pad and the wire is subsequently torn off. https://scispace.com/papers/unconventional-gas-and-oil-development-in-the-united-states-4qvjp4q11y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-u-s-coal-and-oil-gas-employment-1948-2012-1341q26q.png Figure 3: U.S. Coal and Oil & Gas Employment: 1948-2012 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-real-energy-prices-in-2013-1970-100-3dhjjq14.png Figure 2: Real Energy Prices in 2013 (1970 = 100) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-converse-county-williams-county-and-the-u-s-share-13oxhv65.png Figure 7: Converse County, Williams County, and the U.S. Share of Total Wages and Salary from Mining, 1969-2012 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-oil-and-gas-sector-employees-in-harris-county-tx-2uz41nha.png Figure 6: Oil and Gas Sector Employees in Harris County, TX 2001 and 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-employment-in-direct-and-key-indirect-oil-and-gas-wvk266zp.png Figure 4: Employment in Direct and Key Indirect Oil and Gas Sectors 2001 and 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-oil-and-gas-industry-employment-by-state-in-2012-in-1w8r39k7.png Figure 5: Oil and Gas Industry Employment by State in 2012 (in thousands) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-population-growth-for-converse-county-williams-3eub192j.png Figure 8: Population Growth for Converse County, Williams County, and the United States, 1969- 2012 (1969 = 100) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-u-s-natural-gas-production-by-source-1990-2040-kjtlk98g.png Figure 1. U.S. Natural Gas Production by Source, 1990-2040 https://scispace.com/papers/uncover-the-mechanism-of-nucleotide-import-by-hiv-1-capsid-4gzu9tr4cq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-smsvo6kq.png Figure 8: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1ndvq81y.png Figure 4: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3b872vaj.png Figure 2: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1lggy763.png Figure 1: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2nk3ma05.png Figure 6: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-8umo2mz2.png Figure 7: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-1ckif4xb.png Figure 9: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ugcd72h8.png Figure 3: https://scispace.com/papers/uncovered-interest-rate-parity-and-analysis-of-monetary-4w7dbu5s06 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-description-and-sources-3grioa4k.png Table 2: Data: Description and Sources https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-empirical-results-91t4he0w.png Table 1: Summary of Empirical Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-results-for-greece-9mxap40r.png Figure 1: Results for Greece https://scispace.com/papers/uncovering-cell-free-protein-expression-dynamics-by-a-125yhkz3b7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-protein-expression-in-the-pure-and-extract-based-3pykolym.png Figure 3. Protein expression in the PURE and extract-based cell-free systems of the T7 promoter variants using a different DNA construct. (A) Linear DNA template (core sequence) with extra bases at the 5’-end (red) and 3’-end (blue). The sequence attached at the 3’-end contains a T7 terminator sequence. (B, C) Heat maps of the relative GFP fluorescence of the T7 promoter variants with additional sequences attached on 5’ and 3’-ends, evaluated in the PURE and extract-based systems, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-simulated-cell-free-protein-expression-a-simulated-3g6v0zb6.png Figure 7. Simulated cell-free protein expression. (A) Simulated cell-free protein expression of the extract-based system. DNA concentration (top), mRNA concentration (middle), and protein expression (bottom) were shown. The parameter 𝑘𝑇𝑋 was varied (colors) while the other parameters were fixed. (B) Simulated cell-free protein expression of PURE system. A modified equation (see text for details) was used to simulate protein expression. (C, D) Scatter plots of the rate of protein expression against the maximum protein expression in the extract-based and PURE systems, respectively. The values were obtained by fitting the simulated data in (A, B) to a logistic curve. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-boxplot-of-absolute-gfp-fluorescence-for-34e0i3my.png Figure 4. (A) Boxplot of absolute GFP fluorescence for different DNA constructs in the PURE and extract-based systems. The black thick line represents the median, and the box shows the first and third quartile. The upper and lower whiskers indicate 50% of the values higher or lower than the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-linear-dna-template-with-spinach-aptamer-the-1ttsabv5.png Figure 8. (A) Linear DNA template with Spinach aptamer. The sequence contains the T7 promoter or its variant, RBS, and Spinach aptamer. It does not contain any genes to be expressed. (B, C) Fluorescence measurements of Spinach aptamer with the consensus promoter sequence (denoted as WT) and other three variants in the PURE and extract-based systems, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-course-of-gfp-fluorescence-over-a-period-of-12-2cnio214.png Figure 5. Time-course of GFP fluorescence over a period of 12 h using the T7 consensus sequence. Three different linear constructions, the core sequence (red squares), core sequence with extra bases at 5’-end (green diamonds) and core with extra bases at 5’ and 3’-ends (blue triangles). (A) GFP expression in the extract-based system, and (B) the PURE system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-protein-expression-in-the-pure-and-extract-based-wt8q6zc9.png Figure 1. Protein expression in the PURE and extract-based cell-free system using T7 promoter variants. (A) A schematic of linear DNA templates (core sequence) used for protein expression. The sequence contained the consensus T7 promoter (or its variants), ribosome binding site (RBS) and the sfGFP gene. Single base-pair substitutions in the T7 promoter variants were highlighted in red. (B, C) Fluorescence measurements of sfGFP expression with the consensus promoter sequence (denoted as WT) and other three variants in the PURE and extract-based systems, respectively. (D, E) Relative GFP fluorescence with 51 T7 promoter variants, normalized to that with the consensus sequence (indicated as a red line). Each variant was identified by the position and substituted base. For example, “17A” indicates a base at position -17 was substituted to adenine (A). Error bars represent the standard deviation. (F, G) Scatter plots of duplicated experimental data for the PURE and extractbased systems, respectively. The coefficient of determination R2 was shown in the upper left part of the plot. The blue line indicates the regression line and the shaded area the 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-histograms-of-estimated-parameter-values-a-1y58z4h8.png Figure 6. Histograms of estimated parameter values. (A) Transcription constant 𝑘𝑇𝑋, (B) translation constant 𝑘𝑇𝐿, (C-E) degradation constants for DNA 𝑑𝐷, RNA 𝑑𝑅, and protein 𝑑𝑃, respectively. Note that different models were used to fit the parameters for the PURE and extract-based cell-free systems. See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-b-heat-maps-of-the-relative-gfp-fluorescence-of-3rzkjz4v.png Figure 2. (A, B) Heat maps of the relative GFP fluorescence of the 51 T7 promoter variants in the PURE and extract-based systems, respectively. The same data as Figure 1D and E were used. Colors represent fold change in the final expression level relative to that of the consensus promoter. (C) Scatter plot of the relative GFP fluorescence for each of the variants. Values obtained with the PURE system were plotted against those with the extract-based system. https://scispace.com/papers/uncovering-student-learning-profiles-with-a-video-annotation-55jew3zxw2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-descriptive-statistics-medians-and-25th-and-75th-ogirls17.png Table 1 The Descriptive Statistics (medians and 25th and 75th percentiles; 1st and 3rd quartiles) of the 12 Usage Variables https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-the-four-clusters-based-on-the-centered-1uq9hwy9.png Fig. 5 Comparison of the four clusters based on the centered mean values (i.e., z‐scores) of the 12 variables used in the study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cross-tabulation-of-clusters-and-courses-cluster-a-3aqhcdkj.png Fig. 6 Cross‐tabulation of clusters and courses: cluster A – minimalists; cluster B – task‐focused; cluster C – disenchanted; and cluster D – intensive. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-e7462c3b.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-screenshot-of-the-interface-of-clas-the-video-p65hpyen.png Fig. 2 A screenshot of the interface of CLAS, the video annotation software used in the study Variables Of the various clickstream data captured by the video annotation tool, 12 particular variables, derived from the trace data logged by the video annotation tool, were selected to represent students’ interaction with the tool and the different ways they can choose to engage with this particular technology. The analysis of the engagement data provides further insight into student learning profiles. The following five variables measure the students viewing patterns based on how they interact with the video control buttons. Such viewing patterns can show whether students choose to view videos non-stop or spend time rewinding or fast-forward to reach particular points in the video as well as how much of the videos they view. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-examples-of-transitions-graphs-of-two-students-3s6o6xrq.png Fig. 3 Examples of transitions graphs of two students enrolled in course 2 (a) and course 4 (b) of the study, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1rzlyd8s.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dendrogram-illustrating-results-of-the-hierarchical-14xce0sm.png Fig. 4 Dendrogram illustrating results of the hierarchical cluster analysis https://scispace.com/papers/uncovering-the-effect-of-selected-moderators-on-the-4s6ho3ismk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-moderator-variable-analysis-satisfaction-1qwhvra2.png Table 2. Moderator variable analysis (satisfaction) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-disconfirmation-paradigm-17adc0zf.png Fig. 1. The disconfirmation paradigm https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-moderator-variable-analysis-type-of-product-and-23adtw64.png Table 1. Moderator variable analysis (type of product and definition of expectation). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-studies-used-in-the-meta-analysis-1gzj0s30.png Table 1. Moderator variable analysis (type of product and definition of expectation). https://scispace.com/papers/uncovering-the-genomic-basis-of-local-adaptation-by-coherent-1lvccs458c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characterization-of-patterns-in-arabidopsis-case-x0o7amm7.png Table 1. Characterization of patterns in Arabidopsis case study identified by Approach 4 (mixed model including imputations) for SNPs in 0.01 lower tail of p-values for https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-causal-red-and-neutral-black-snp-2bjfitf0.png Figure 3. Comparison of causal (red) and neutral (black) SNP associations with G×E for fitness across three different levels of dispersal and 10 replicate simulations for each level. Approaches used (row 1) no imputation and no random effects, (row 2) imputation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-snps-with-the-strongest-associations-lowest-18c1u04i.png Figure 4. Example SNPs with the strongest associations (lowest p-values) with cold winter temperatures (A) and aridity (B). Top subpanels show the climate distribution of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-our-imputation-technique-and-31lngdkt.png Figure 1. Illustration of our imputation technique and stereotypical patterns captured by our approach for neutral (top panels) and selected (bottom panels) loci. Here we show https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-permutation-tests-of-enrichment-p-values-approach-4-3nmdbca7.png Table 2. Permutation tests of enrichment p-values (Approach 4) for various signals suggestive of local adaptation to climate in case study on Arabidopsis. For each statistic, we tested for enrichment of signal in the SNPs in the 0.01 lower tail of p-values for SNP×environment associations with relative fitness. “Genic” tests enrichment of genic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-data-used-in-case-study-on-arabidopsis-the-location-1649fkdk.png Figure 2. Data used in case study on Arabidopsis. The location of common gardens, natural accessions in common gardens, and all other sequenced natural accessions are shown. https://scispace.com/papers/uncovering-the-role-admixture-in-health-disparity-18u2czdlzm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-and-clinical-characteristics-of-2sdh94ng.png Table 1. Demographics and clinical characteristics of hepatocyte/liver cohorts https://scispace.com/papers/uncovering-the-mechanism-of-homogeneous-methyl-methacrylate-6gd46o6dxi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mc-ts18l-19l-and-mma-ts18-19-forming-transition-2q4shqno.png Figure 2: MC (TS18L-19L) and MMA (TS18-19) forming transition states with 2-PyPPh2 (top) and 2-(6-Me)PyPPh2 (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-intermediates-and-ts-involved-in-carbonylation-of-22bd822q.png Figure 3: Intermediates and TS involved in carbonylation of propyne during Mechanism D. Distances in Å. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mechanisms-relevant-to-the-methoxycarbonylation-of-15iimjpg.png Table 2: Mechanisms relevant to the methoxycarbonylation of propyne by Pd(P,N)n systems under the scrutiny of the energetic span model. Computed at T = 298.15 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-transition-states-for-the-monocationic-methanolysis-300bb614.png Figure 5: Transition states for the monocationic methanolysis TS26-27 (left) and dicationic analog (right). NPA charges on key atoms are included to highlight the different charge distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geometries-involved-in-pd-ii-mediated-12-insertion-3vmy5qvw.png Figure 1: Geometries involved in Pd(II) mediated 1,2 insertion of COOMe and propyne. Distances in Å. Blue = N, Orange = P, Turquoise = Pd, Grey = C, Red = O and White = H. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-geometries-associated-with-mma-producing-2cfufshu.png Figure 4: Geometries associated with MMA producing methanolysis of Pd-acyl species in mechanism D. Distances are given in Å. https://scispace.com/papers/under-nutrition-and-associated-factors-among-lactating-2ed6mg1h5y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-maternal-health-care-and-feeding-practice-of-the-1lirddap.png Table 2 Maternal health care and feeding practice of the study participants (n = 441) in Arba Minch zuria district, Southern Ethiopia, 2018. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-iy1vnzes.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/under-pressure-the-effect-of-peers-on-outcomes-of-young-4nr4wb5p2y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-2n4j0c3v.png Table 1: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-iv-effect-of-peers-on-various-outcomes-recent-3bu80p5p.png Table 5: IV Effect of Peers on Various Outcomes Recent Cohorts https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-iv-effect-of-peers-on-various-outcomes-2ok7arbv.png Table 3: IV Effect of Peers on Various Outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-iv-estimates-of-effect-of-peer-characteristics-on-2rvaur74.png Table 6: IV Estimates of Effect of Peer Characteristics on Educational Track and Test Scores Sibling Fixed Effects/Recent Cohorts https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-peers-on-educational-track-dummy-1-if-35xdm3yc.png Table 2: Effect of Peers on Educational Track (Dummy=1 if Academic Track) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-iv-effect-of-peers-on-various-outcomes-sibling-fixed-37l2ps3h.png Table 4: IV Effect of Peers on Various Outcomes Sibling Fixed Effects https://scispace.com/papers/under-the-influence-of-the-environment-children-s-responding-1drptb7g44 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-design-of-experiment-2-1rbw9fel.png Table 2. Design of Experiment 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-instrumental-performance-expressed-as-pit-scores-31cloian.png Figure 2. Instrumental performance, expressed as PIT Scores ± SEM (CS – pre CS responding) of the response paired with the same outcome as the stimulus (Same; R1 during S1 and R2 during S2), the response paired with the alternative outcome (Different; R1 during S2 and R2 during S1), and of both responses during the stimulus paired with the third outcome O3 (Other; R1 and R2 during S3) or with no outcome (Control; R1 and R2 during S4), averaged over the 2 blocks of the PIT test of Experiment 2. Significant differences (p < 0.05) are expressed by (*). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-design-of-experiment-1-17hjnybt.png Table 1. Design of Experiment 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-instrumental-responding-expressed-as-pit-scores-sem-3e7uttl8.png Figure 2. Instrumental performance, expressed as PIT Scores ± SEM (CS – pre CS responding) of the response paired with the same outcome as the stimulus (Same; R1 during S1 and R2 during S2), the response paired with the alternative outcome (Different; R1 during S2 and R2 during S1), and of both responses during the stimulus paired with the third outcome O3 (Other; R1 and R2 during S3) or with no outcome (Control; R1 and R2 during S4), averaged over the 2 blocks of the PIT test of Experiment 2. Significant differences (p < 0.05) are expressed by (*). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-neutral-stimuli-and-outcomes-used-in-experiment-1-4u6m3hy8.png Figure 1. Neutral stimuli and outcomes used in Experiment 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-outcomes-used-in-experiment-2-2ia1dv00.png Figure 3. Outcomes used in Experiment 2. https://scispace.com/papers/under-approximations-of-computations-in-real-numbers-based-2wem8kv5lb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-kaucher-multiplication-3lw8knck.png Table 1. Kaucher multiplication https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-estimation-of-the-maximum-value-of-result-xi-in-the-2snqctbd.png Fig. 1. Estimation of the maximum value of result xi in the Newton algorithm. https://scispace.com/papers/underdetermined-reverberant-blind-source-separation-sparse-199tdse19q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-experimental-conditions-2awhrtal.png TABLE I EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-separation-results-of-c-palm-for-live-recorded-3r5fu70s.png TABLE II SEPARATION RESULTS OF C-PALM FOR LIVE RECORDED MIXTURES FROM SISEC2011 (SDR/SIR/ISR/SAR IN DB) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-separation-performance-of-different-algorithms-as-a-22zkf4fm.png Fig. 8. Separation performance of different algorithms as a function of the reverberation time RT60 with input SNR=15 dB https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-computational-time-of-different-algorithms-for-one-1jc72tf6.png TABLE III COMPUTATIONAL TIME OF DIFFERENT ALGORITHMS FOR ONE SYNTHESIZED MIXTURE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-different-settings-of-source-positions-for-synthesized-2vqxrade.png Fig. 9. Different settings of source positions for synthesized mixtures without input noise https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-separation-performance-of-different-algorithms-with-1cv9zjnm.png Fig. 6. Separation performance of different algorithms with oracle permutation alignment as a function of the input SNR for RT60 = 130 ms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-separation-performance-of-different-algorithms-as-a-39tx3ozm.png Fig. 7. Separation performance of different algorithms as a function of the sparsity level. RT60 = 130 ms. SNR = 15 dB https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-separation-performance-as-a-function-of-the-37z8ugfx.png Fig. 2. Separation performance as a function of the reverberation time RT60 in noiseless case https://scispace.com/papers/undergraduate-programs-in-cultural-studies-in-australia-and-1clv0fn6l0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cultural-studies-and-inter-culturality-3hy56xj2.png Figure 1: Cultural Studies and Inter-culturality https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-inter-culturality-cultural-studies-and-lay-2kibk6v0.png Figure 2: Inter-culturality, Cultural Studies and lay understandings of ‘culture’ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-qilt-program-indicators-using-the-keywords-cultural-15hblz5j.png Figure 3: QILT program indicators using the keywords ‘Cultural Studies’ https://scispace.com/papers/undergraduate-educational-opportunities-in-the-face-of-4ekwift3g5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-contains-some-interesting-information-on-employment-22wc9frp.png Table 1 contains some interesting information on employment by selected industry with projections to the year 2000. Both agriculture as an industry and food and kindred products manufacturing as a subindustry are projected to lose employment between 1986 and 2000. On the other hand there is a significant increase projected for employment in the retail trade associated with food marketing. In fact in the year 1986 employment in eating and drinking places already exceeded that in agriculture! By the year 2000 it is projected that grocery store employment will exceed that in agriculture and the combined employment in grocery stores and eating and drinking places will be nearly four times as large as the employment in agriculture, which is narrowly defined by BLS as on-farm activities. Only a portion of the total employment in the food system is included in Table 1; the selected data highlight some major employment changes within agriculture and the food system. https://scispace.com/papers/undergraduate-group-projects-challenges-and-learning-3h5hc4zs59 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-group-stage-versus-number-of-group-meetings-2dmp5dxt.png Figure 2. Group Stage versus Number of Group Meetings Reported by Students. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sources-and-severity-of-group-tension-reported-by-3l0tf6l0.png Figure 1. Sources and severity of group tension reported by students. https://scispace.com/papers/underground-allies-how-and-why-do-mycelial-networks-help-44wh50p5fd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-defence-related-communication-between-plants-via-a-3gl9q91s.png Figure 1. Defence-related communication between plants via a CMN. Herbivores induce systemic defence response in the infested plant leading to emission of protective volatiles that repel subsequent herbivores from the plant and also attract their natural enemies. A signal is transferred via the CMN to a neighboring plant to induce a similar defence response. We hypothesize that the signal might be transferred further to an indirectly interconnected second neighboring plant, and that it might “prime” that plant for potential future attack. Primed plants do not exhibit increased defence response; however, they respond more strongly and faster, if the attack occurs. https://scispace.com/papers/undernutrition-prevention-for-disabled-and-elderly-people-in-4srz23cp7f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-priori-conditional-probabilities-for-events-in-the-1gi1lam3.png Table 1. A priori conditional probabilities for events in the kitchen https://scispace.com/papers/understand-human-olfactory-ecology-and-the-methodological-5aifvzvz6q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-odds-of-change-in-olfactory-ability-in-the-field-3qpmmovj.png Figure 1: Odds of change in olfactory ability in the field https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sign-test-results-21xwwqfg.png Table 2: Sign Test Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-random-effect-on-olfactory-ability-conditional-2z722ccl.png Figure 2: Random effect on olfactory ability (conditional modes with 95% confidence intervals based on individual variance), field study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-odds-of-change-in-olfactory-ability-in-the-lab-30h6p36j.png Figure 3: Odds of change in olfactory ability in the lab https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-random-effect-on-olfactory-ability-conditional-3ucxb7ly.png Figure 4: Random effect on olfactory ability (conditional modes with 95% confidence intervals based on individual variance), lab study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-proportional-odds-of-change-in-olfactory-ability-by-xh95j0su.png Figure 5: Proportional odds of change in olfactory ability by location and sex https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ordinal-regression-results-3pxo735g.png Table 1: Ordinal regression results https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-academics-resistance-towards-online-student-1yh7gn1ga4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-and-correlation-matrix-1rnt855v.png Table 2 Descriptive statistics and correlation matrix https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-histogram-of-academics-average-experience-with-31xb5tdr.png Figure 1 Histogram of academics’ average experience with student evaluation https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-acoustoplasticity-through-dislocation-dynamics-49irvx7xsp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ratio-2u9s92x2.png Fig. 7. Ratio https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-active-school-travel-through-the-behavioural-4eemxt1ptp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-potential-antecedents-for-ast-potential-reinforcers-20nw8w5f.png Table 2. Potential antecedents for AST, potential reinforcers for AST and potential reinforcers for motorised travel. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-some-of-the-existing-formulations-in-the-context-of-1mo9lp8i.png Table 1. Some of the existing formulations in the context of AST. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-and-forecasting-aggregate-and-disaggregate-32s27w0h03 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-items-in-each-aggregate-2pg7pu9c.png Table 1: List of Items in each Aggregate https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-forecast-errors-for-faar-model-3tu55w1d.png Table 3: Forecast Errors for FAAR Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-us-time-varying-ar-model-based-on-15-items-3s3slqfi.png Table 7: US Time-Varying AR Model Based on 15 Items https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rmsfe-of-ar-models-figure-4-rmsfe-of-ar-models-4hbw1f9k.png Figure 3: RMSFE of AR Models Figure 4: RMSFE of AR Models versus AO (US-YoY) versus AO (EA-YoY) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hicp-inflation-and-its-component-inflation-rates-smb5khuo.png Figure 2: HICP Inflation and its Component Inflation Rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-commonality-within-datasets-3sbx5rmz.png Table 5: Commonality within Datasets https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-amorphous-silica-scaling-under-well-3yolo4cfex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-duration-and-starting-end-dates-of-individual-18ayrkwt.png Table 1: Duration and starting/end dates of individual scaling plate deployments. The cleaning 214 of the heat exchangers in early October 2014 (after the 10 week and before the 2-week deploy-215 ment) was part of regular (every 4 to 6 months) and scheduled maintenance at the Hellisheiði 216 power plant to remove the accumulated silica scales. 217 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-silica-speciation-in-the-separated-water-at-1f1ux36f.png Table 3: Silica speciation in the separated water at Hellisheiði 290 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-thickness-of-the-precipitated-silica-layer-at-3jd1nwt4.png Table 5: Thickness of the precipitated silica layer at location 1 from FIB sections and samples 608 embedded in epoxy as well as calculated precipitation rates. 609 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-schematic-of-the-hellisheidi-geothermal-1k7irb2n.png Figure 1: System schematic of the Hellisheiði geothermal power plant (A) indicating the four 131 sampling locations (stars) at which the scaling plates (B) were immersed. FEG-SEM images 132 (C & D) showing the irregular texture of the steel surfaces before deployment. 133 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-and-standard-deviation-as-1-sd-of-bcclftoo.png Table 2: Average and standard deviation (as 1 SD) of temperature, fluid composition, pH, Eh 277 and salinity as determined for the different fluid samples (n = 9) at each of the four sampling 278 locations. 279 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-increase-in-the-average-area-of-the-half-spheres-1cz0q63e.png Figure 4: Increase in the average area of the half-spheres over time at all four locations as 348 evaluated based on measured lengths and widths of between 70 and 100 half-spheres on each 349 plate. No 10-week sample was recovered at location 2. The empty symbols (highlighted by 350 arrows) represent the sizes of the half-spheres measured on the underside of the 1-week de-351 ployment at locations 1 to 3. Note the logarithmic scale on the y-axis. 352 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-schematic-of-the-two-silica-precipitation-pathways-1qreethx.png Figure 7: Schematic of the two silica precipitation pathways (SiO2 (aq) = silica monomers in 447 solution) as they occur inside the pipelines of the Hellisheiði geothermal power plant. 448 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-feg-sem-images-showing-particles-deposited-onto-the-3j5n3mft.png Figure 5: FEG-SEM images showing particles deposited onto the botryoidal silica layer where 374 they were (A) cemented together and/or (B) cemented to the surface or (C) (rarely) incorpo-375 rated into the botryoidal silica layer. Images from locations 1 and 2. 376 https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-and-engineering-enzymes-for-enhanced-biofuel-3na9gdpx1d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-crystal-structure-of-cellulase-family-12-enzymes-tyl4fk08.png Table 2.1 Crystal structure of cellulase family 12 enzymes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-crystal-structure-of-cel12a-from-r-marinus-in-6udyf4el.png Figure 2.1 Crystal structure of cel12a from R. Marinus in “jellyroll” fold (green) bound to a cellulotetraose substrate (gray). Key residues are highlighted –active site glutamates (red), aromatic groups (magenta), hydrogen-bonding groups (cyan). The XPXG “cord is yellow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1-experimental-strategy-for-the-directed-evolution-of-1zs43stu.png Fig 3.1: Experimental strategy for the directed evolution of enzymes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-comparison-of-models-from-a-esypred3d-yellow-and-3qfr3lrj.png Figure 2.2. Comparison of models from (a) ESyPred3D (yellow) and (b) AS2TS (white) to crystal structure of R. marinus template(purple). The carbohydrate substrate is colored byatom with grey carbons and red oxygens. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-7c-cela-random-mutagenesis-high-mutation-rate-4u2ddlwh.png Fig 3.7c: CelA Random Mutagenesis - High Mutation Rate Activities https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2-azo-cmc-activity-assay-of-96-well-plate-1-ml-cela-379y3grt.png Fig 3.2: Azo-CMC Activity Assay of 96 Well Plate 1 ml CelA Wild https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-crystal-structure-of-cellulase-family-9-enzymes-g1e0t6mq.png Table 2.2 Crystal structure of cellulase family 9 enzymes with closest homology to celA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-8a-nelson-somogyi-vs-dns-assay-for-mutants-14xyfi35.png Fig 3.8a: Nelson Somogyi vs DNS Assay for mutants https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-and-optimizing-the-ionization-of-polycyclic-3ujv2b5ki7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-intensity-ratio-m-d-m-h-showing-a-greater-tendency-3i2q5s2v.png Table 1: Intensity ratio [M+D]+/[M+H]+, showing a greater tendency of certain PAHs to become deuterated (for those PAHs, solvent is most important as source of protons). ND = No dopant; FB = fluorobenzene; CB = chlorobenzene https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-the-relative-humidity-on-the-ratio-or-the-32bj7r85.png Figure 2: Effect of the relative humidity on the ratio or the radical over the protonated ion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-the-presence-of-pahs-on-the-signal-of-the-2poctdid.png Figure 4: Effect of the presence of PAHs on the signal of the three most intense fluorobenzene dopant ionic species ([C5H5NF]•+, [C6H5F]•+, [C6H5OF]•+). The top chromatogram depicts the overlay of all individual PAH XIC traces (isomers shown in the same trace) each normalized to 100% relative abundance. The gas-phase concentration of the dopant is two orders of magnitude larger than analyte during elution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-xic-trace-of-the-sf6-ion-and-corresponding-tic-j8s78jgy.png Figure 6: a) XIC trace of the [SF6]- ion and corresponding TIC (grey areas mark the time of dopant infusion) and b) corresponding intensities of the various [SFx]- anions. ND = No dopant; FB = fluorobenzene; CB = Chlorobenzene. Results obtained in a nitrogen plasma, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-the-effect-of-two-promising-dopants-3offz5mj.png Figure 3: Comparison of the effect of two promising dopants on the intensity of the radical and protonated ions of PAHs (error bars represent the standard deviation) in GC-DBDI-MS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-plots-showing-the-shift-in-internal-energy-a-using-2ztt881b.png Figure 7: Plots showing the shift in internal energy: (a) using various plasma gases: dry air = 191.0 ± 1.3 kJ mol-1, dry CO2 = 202.1 ± 0.4 kJ mol-1, dry N2 = 205.1 ± 1.7 kJ mol-1, and humid N2 = 165.7 ± 1.6 kJ mol-1, (b) using dopant. Corresponding survival yield plots shown in Figure S9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ionization-efficiencies-adjusted-to-reflect-an-paydjw8x.png Figure 1: Ionization efficiencies (adjusted to reflect an equimolar mixture) for 16 PAHs, showing the prevalence of protonated species over radical cations. Abbreviations of the PAHs are defined in Table S1 in the Supplementary Information. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-android-app-piggybacking-3e8gmh6qkr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-piggybacking-terminology-4-sph914r0.png Fig. 1. Piggybacking Terminology [4]. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-china-s-fintech-sector-development-impacts-and-547ettfjc8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-financial-repression-index-1980-2000-and-2015-1lmnkuow.png Figure 1. Financial Repression Index, 1980, 2000 and 2015 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-transaction-value-of-mobile-payment-in-china-2013-211b1nuj.png Figure 5. Transaction Value of Mobile Payment in China, 2013-2018 (RMB trillion) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-convergence-of-regional-fintech-development-in-s5no47iv.png Figure 4. Convergence of regional fintech development in China, 2011 and 2018 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-peking-university-fintech-news-sentiment-index-2013-1qhv84nc.png Figure 6. Peking University Fintech News Sentiment Index, 2013-2018 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-provincial-means-and-medians-of-digital-financial-38xk4emn.png Figure 3. Provincial means and medians of digital financial inclusion index, 2011-2018 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-adults-with-an-account-are-using-it-for-digital-pcxnvih6.png Figure 2. Adults with an account (%) are using it for digital payments https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-china-s-grain-procurement-policy-from-a-4vzor7nft4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-minimum-procurement-price-mpp-curve-3pw5wofc.png Fig. 2. Minimum procurement price (MPP) curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-to-deliver-quota-or-not-491p3vw6.png Fig. 1. To deliver quota or not? https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-segment-e-corresponds-to-the-case-where-the-minimum-1eqi0gxx.png Fig. 2. Minimum procurement price (MPP) curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ratio-of-procurement-price-to-market-price-of-grain-2emou3at.png Fig. 4. Ratio of Procurement Price to Market Price of Grain, 1985-1999. 16 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-when-the-procurement-price-is-below-b0-32wspcg6.png Fig. 3. When the procurement price is below b0. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-co2dynamics-in-metal-organic-frameworks-with-41zab0cnl0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-free-energy-map-of-a-cylinder-like-channel-in-a-mg-1vk8hfmv.png Figure 3. Free energy map of a cylinder-like channel in a) Mg-MOF-74 and in b) Mg2(dobpdc) at 200 K is shown as a function of the angular angle f of the channel opening and the position of the channel along the z-direction. The minimum free energy binding site near an open metal site was set to be zero kBT in this illustration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-between-simulated-and-experimental-csa-3h81sel6.png Figure 2. Comparison between simulated and experimental CSA patterns and the effect of CO2 loading on the CSA patterns in Mg-MOF-74. a) Simulated patterns with CSA tensor values of s?=245 ppm and sk= 90 ppm[14] at infinite dilution for localized fluctuation motions (red dashed line) and including nonlocalized hopping motions (blue line). b) Experimental patterns at 0.5 CO2/Mg site. [4] c) Simulated CSA patterns at 200 K with different loadings: infinite dilution (black), 0.3 CO2/Mg site (red), and 0.5 CO2/Mg site (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-view-of-co2-binding-in-mg-mof-74-and-its-j21uglkr.png Figure 1. Schematic view of CO2 binding in Mg-MOF-74 and its dynamics. a) Orientation of CO2 (C gray, O red) at the minimumenergy location near a metal site (Mg green), b) localized CO2 fluctuation motion in which the oxygen atom of the CO2 remains bound to the same metal site, and c) nonlocalized hopping motion. The z-axis in the plot corresponds to the crystallographic c-axis. d) From an NMR point of view, the hopping of a CO2 molecule between different metal sites in the x,y plane (see c) is equivalent to a rotation around an axis parallel to the z-axis with an angle referred as the “equivalent rotational angle” in this work. The CO2 molecules (in c) in this illustration are assumed to be located at their minimum-energy configuration, and are represented by the dashed red lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-experimental-csa-patterns-for-mg2-dobpdc-an-65fqxcj1.png Figure 4. Experimental CSA patterns for Mg2(dobpdc), an expanded variant of Mg-MOF-74, at a loading of 0.4 CO2/Mg site and at various temperatures from 12 K to 300 K. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-customer-satisfaction-in-opera-first-steps-1jod4ei56a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-summary-of-regression-analysis-for-variables-v6uu6zt6.png Table 9. Summary of regression analysis for variables predicting customer satisfaction in opera separated by attendance frequency (occasional visitors: 1/ = 59, frequent visitors: n = 57) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-integrative-model-of-customer-satisfaction-in-1se8hx58.png Figure 1. An integrative model of customer satisfaction in opera. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-summary-of-regression-analysis-for-variables-2a14z73g.png Table 8. Summary of regression analysis for variables predicting customer satisfaction in opera separated by gender (women: 11 67; men: 11 = 49) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-questionnaire-for-customer-satisfaction-in-opera-33sys37g.png Table 1. Questionnaire for customer satisfaction in opera: constructs and items https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-regression-analysis-for-variables-3f7tmklh.png Table 6. Summary of regression analysis for variables predicting customer satisfaction in opera (including interaction terms between the antecedents and visitors' gender; n = 116) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-summary-of-regression-analysis-for-variables-2cgp7k6q.png Table 7. Summary of regression analysis for variables predicting customer satisfaction in opera (including interaction terms between the antecedents and visitors' attendance frequency; n = 116) https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-communicative-actions-a-repetitive-tms-study-9h9yymp1w0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-e-task-setup-a-example-communication-trial-in-which-1ovfbgj0.png Fig. 1 e Task setup. (A) Example communication trial in which both players had to jointly reproduce a spatial configuration of two tokens presented to the first player in turn only, i.e., the Communicator (epoch 1). A participant, the Addressee, had to infer from the Communicator’s actions (epoch 2, orange token, starting at the center) where and how to position his token (blue). During a visual tracking trial involving the same sequence of events (not shown), the participant viewed identical actions but with the instruction to determine the grid location last visited twice or rotated at by his co-player. (B) The experiment consisted of four sessions spread over 2 separate days. Participants received TMS at 1 Hz for 20 min just prior to task performance in sessions 2 and 3. The order of stimulation sites was counterbalanced across participants. Each session encompassed 80 trials organized by type (Communication, Visual tracking) into eight blocks of 10 trials and with the order counterbalanced across participants. (C) Whole-brain visualization of stimulation sites; right pSTS [white dot, MNI coordinates: (50, L42, 14)] and left MTD [black dot (L43, L70, 10)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-e-group-results-for-efficiency-on-the-communication-35ty2zy8.png Fig. 2 e Group results for Efficiency on the communication and visual tracking task. Participants became more proficient at each task over the course of the experiment. There was no interaction of Task and TMS site (right pSTS, left MTD). Error bars indicate 1 standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-e-group-results-for-efficiency-rate-on-the-9f9zi7rf.png Fig. 3 e Group results for Efficiency Rate on the communication and visual tracking task. (A) Efficiency Rate on the communication and visual tracking task with prior rTMS. A positive rate indicates an improvement in task performance over trials. Asterisk (*) indicates a significant interaction between Task (Communication, Visual tracking) and TMS site (right pSTS, left MTD) on the Efficiency Rate (p < .05). Error bars indicate 1 standard error of the mean. (B) Scatter plots of individuals’ Raven’s score against Efficiency Rate during performance of the communication and the visual tracking task, following rTMS over right pSTS. Black line: least-square regression line; rs: Spearman rank correlation coefficient; **p < .01. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-digital-inequality-comparing-continued-use-a4rg0u96r5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-construct-definitions-and-sources-zxu8nlsw.png Table 1. Construct Definitions and Sources https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-respondents-23slel82.png Table 2. Descriptive Statistics of Respondents https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-descriptive-statistics-and-reliability-of-constructs-fq86cz0f.png Table 6. Descriptive Statistics and Reliability of Constructs https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-hypotheses-testing-results-25vdw8ur.png Table 8. Hypotheses Testing Results https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-credit-derivatives-and-their-potential-to-18jo3qyuie 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-selected-five-year-credit-default-swap-spreads-1hkr94hi.png Figure 2 Selected Five-Year Credit Default Swap Spreads https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-informal-test-of-the-static-replication-approach-3mpaxi6r.png Figure 3 An Informal Test of the Static Replication Approach https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-dynamic-social-grouping-behaviors-of-1hfyxpr45l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-new-node-incorporation-and-edge-updating-scheme-3nvok9x5.png Fig. 4. The new node incorporation and edge updating scheme for the evolving ETIN. (a) The original ETIN. (b) Detection the social groups among nodes based on the modularity optimization. The symmetric Hausdorff similarity is https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-two-types-of-tracklet-interactions-are-shown-in-the-38p3x07i.png Fig. 3. Two types of tracklet interactions are shown in the left and right side. The two tracklets with overlapped interaction are marked in red and the other tracklet without overlap is marked in purple. The importance of the interaction is either calculated based on their positional, velocity and directional distances based on the temporal overlapping interval or the distances based on the projected overlapping interval. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-quantitative-evaluation-on-univ-dataset-2xopzfna.png TABLE IV QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION ON UNIV DATASET https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-psg-measure-is-compared-across-the-three-7vd9wste.png Fig. 8. The PSG measure is compared across the three approaches, as the percentage of false detections varies on (a) CAVIAR, (b) PETS2009 and (c) UNIV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-quantitative-evaluation-on-pets2009-dataset-1fww87gs.png TABLE III QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION ON PETS2009 DATASET https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-quantitative-evaluation-on-caviar-dataset-5zjvm5vk.png TABLE II QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION ON CAVIAR DATASET https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-percentage-distribution-of-the-group-sizes-pqicxe17.png TABLE I PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE GROUP SIZES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-a-real-world-video-frame-from-caviar-dataset-622dq9v7.png Fig. 1. Left: A real-world video frame (from CAVIAR dataset) shows that people are walking in groups. Individuals and related trajectories are labeled with numbers and the potential social groups among them are marked in different colors. Right: A snapshot restored from evolving tracklet interaction network (ETIN) representation at a given time interval (top) and a hierarchical social group structure discovered by the proposed approach (bottom). https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-developmental-changes-in-the-stability-and-2w53t0sxk4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-displacement-scores-in-inches-for-each-condition-in-2ogjmcru.png Figure 3. Displacement scores (in inches) for each condition in Experiment 1. Error bars represent standard errors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-percentage-of-locations-substituted-and-omitted-2m3xfyu2.png Table 1 Mean Percentage of Locations Substituted and Omitted for Each Age Group and Session in Experiment 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagram-of-the-experimental-apparatus-and-locations-1z58wgo4.png Figure 1. Diagram of the experimental apparatus and locations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-displacement-scores-in-inches-for-each-age-group-3p6bdcoe.png Figure 4. Displacement scores (in inches) for each age group, condition, and session in Experiment 2. Error bars represent standard errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-locations-belonging-to-the-side-groups-a-and-the-3my3gj03.png Figure 2. Locations belonging to the side groups (A) and the quadrant groups (B). Open circles mark the eight target locations. Arrows show the predicted patterns of displacement for the target locations. The ovals, open circles, and arrows are for illustration only. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-electrical-under-and-overshoots-in-proton-2pvrv3cy34 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simulation-results-for-a-potentiostatic-step-27xyq0a2.png Figure 4. Simulation results for a potentiostatic step downwards; (a) the experimental current and voltage slopes, in accordance with the modeling results (a-1); (b) transformation of the modeling step in the Ui-phase space as trajectory; (c) internal current densities of the anode cell side, divided into capacitive and faradaic currents; (d) cathode side internal current densities, divided into capacitive and faradaic currents; (e) half-cell activation overpotential for anode; (f) half-cell activation overpotential for cathode and residual overpotential trends. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simulation-of-reduced-ohmic-resistances-a-1j980yvw.png Figure 5. Simulation of reduced ohmic resistances (a) polarization curves (black full line) for different specific ohmic resistances (38 m cm2, square; 76 m cm2, circle; 114 m cm2, diamond; 190 m cm2, triangle), HFRcorrected polarization curve (dashed black line) and trajectories of potentiostatic downward steps (colored lines). full markers: starting value, open markers: end value; Inset (a-1) shows intercept of the trajectories. (b) Negative current density peaks calculated for the HFRs from (a) and calculated from literature data (for Nafion117 from Ref. 20 and Nafion212 from Ref. 21). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-exemplary-load-step-procedure-for-galvanostatic-a-27breloq.png Figure 1. Exemplary load step procedure for galvanostatic (a) and potentiostatic (b) downward step from 1.0 A cm−2 to 0.05 A cm−2 (resp. 1.756 V to 1.492 V). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-experimentally-performed-load-steps-steady-state-zo8tt402.png Table I. Experimentally performed load steps. Steady state pairs of the cell voltage, current density and power density. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simulation-of-constant-power-steps-current-density-16ns0vfz.png Figure 6. Simulation of constant power steps; current density (left y-axis, solid lines) and cell voltage (right y-axis, dashed lines) response for (a) an upward step (b) for a downward step; (c) steady state polarization curve (black) with trajectories of the two load steps in the Ui-phase space, with the insets (c-1) for the downward and (c-2) for the upward step; dotted lines represent lines of constant power. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-voltage-controlled-upward-and-downward-load-steps-a-2mhwhtzj.png Figure 3. Voltage controlled upward and downward load steps; (a) Cell voltage input steps, full markers: start value, open markers: end value; (b) current density responses; Insets (b-1)–(b-4): different current density responses on a logarithmic time-scale. (c) steady state polarization curve (black dots) with trajectories of the four load steps in the Ui-phase space (with markers according to (a)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-current-controlled-upward-and-downward-load-steps-a-1ffi16t3.png Figure 2. Current controlled upward and downward load steps; (a) current density input step, full markers: start value, open markers: end value; (b) cell voltage responses; Insets (b-1)–(b-4): different cell voltage responses on a logarithmic time-scale. (c) steady state polarization curve (black dots) with trajectories of the four load steps in the Ui-phase space (with markers according to (a)). https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-flaky-tests-the-developer-s-perspective-3owia7kmxo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pieces-of-information-for-fixing-a-flakiness-as-3resp37p.png Table 2: Pieces of information for fixing a flakiness (as emerged from the multivocal literature review), ranked by their importance (0ś3) and difficulty (0ś3) in obtaining, as rated by the survey respondents. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-futher-challenges-due-to-flaky-tests-as-reported-by-gi95j6js.png Table 3: Futher challenges due to flaky tests, as reported by the survey respondents. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-taxonomy-of-the-nature-of-flaky-tests-with-the-29grofw7.png Table 1: Taxonomy of the nature of flaky tests with the corresponding fixing strategies, by frequency (N = 234, because developers were allowed to assign more than one nature to each of the 200 flaky tests they analyzed). The ‘*’ and underlining indicates newly reported categories (i.e., they were not included in the taxonomy proposed by Luo et al. [24]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-frequency-and-relevance-of-the-problem-according-to-18myok7q.png Figure 1: Frequency and relevance of the problem according to the respondents to our online survey. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-flaky-tests-the-developer-s-perspective-432huz5ybr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pieces-of-information-for-fixing-a-flakiness-as-1nzfhhpt.png Table 2: Pieces of information for fixing a flakiness (as emerged from the multivocal literature review), ranked by their importance (0ś3) and difficulty (0ś3) in obtaining, as rated by the survey respondents. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-futher-challenges-due-to-flaky-tests-as-reported-by-2znsyeva.png Table 3: Futher challenges due to flaky tests, as reported by the survey respondents. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-taxonomy-of-the-nature-of-flaky-tests-with-the-17la3v6l.png Table 1: Taxonomy of the nature of flaky tests with the corresponding fixing strategies, by frequency (N = 234, because developers were allowed to assign more than one nature to each of the 200 flaky tests they analyzed). The ‘*’ and underlining indicates newly reported categories (i.e., they were not included in the taxonomy proposed by Luo et al. [24]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-frequency-and-relevance-of-the-problem-according-to-3axsrxm5.png Figure 1: Frequency and relevance of the problem according to the respondents to our online survey. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-how-bereaved-parents-cope-with-their-grief-to-4dp148agbg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-bereaved-parents-who-participated-1jky6lqa.png Table 1. Characteristics of Bereaved Parents who Participated in the Study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-general-guidelines-for-bereavement-follow-up-1w2orc8m.png Figure 2. General guidelines for bereavement follow-up https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-ecosystemic-view-of-coping-with-grief-y4n2udlt.png Figure 1. An Ecosystemic view of coping with grief https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-genetic-risk-factors-for-common-side-effects-323txbf2vg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-polygenic-prediction-of-specific-side-effects-across-18rhgqit.png Table 2. Polygenic prediction of specific side effects across medications https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-side-effects-co-occur-across-medications-3oz8ydd3.png Figure 2 side effects co-occur across medications https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-agds-demographics-and-side-effect-prevalence-across-221gu4l0.png Table 1. AGDS demographics and side effect prevalence across medications https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-information-leakage-of-distributed-inference-13q87ou9je 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distributed-inference-1n716bj2.png Figure 1: Distributed Inference https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-mutual-information-1e1jkvxp.png Table 1: Estimated Mutual Information https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-information-plane-visualization-2138ir35.png Figure 5: Information Plane Visualization https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reconstruction-from-different-layers-of-the-dnn-2cuo5r5w.png Figure 3: Reconstruction from Different Layers of the DNN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-original-input-2fraznhs.png Figure 2: Original Input https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dnn-as-an-encoding-and-decoding-pipeline-1vtrws66.png Figure 4: DNN as an Encoding and Decoding Pipeline https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-it-culture-conflicts-to-drive-successful-23ev3fc5c9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-view-of-it-culture-conflicts-adapted-from-leidner-2du62bdw.png Figure 1. View of IT-Culture Conflicts. Adapted from Leidner and Kayworth (2006). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-it-culture-conflict-framework-based-on-koch-et-al-up0vdkk2.png Figure 2. IT-culture conflict framework based on Koch et al. (2013) https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-interferon-subtype-therapy-for-viral-4pnyw1zbii 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-diverse-viral-evasion-mechanisms-through-antagonist-3cm63yzm.png Table 1. Diverse viral evasion mechanisms through antagonist proteins that inhibit IFN production. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-antiviral-efficacies-of-type-i-ifn-subtypes-in-in-1ulvoa7h.png Table 3. Antiviral efficacies of Type I IFN subtypes in in vivo models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-speciation-pattern-of-ifns-functioning-in-antiviral-272fcg8o.png Fig. 1. Speciation pattern of IFNs functioning in antiviral host defense. The IFN family subtype proteins are rapidly induced by invading viruses and bind to cognate IFN receptors on cell surfaces. Distinct and overlapping interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) are transcribed downstream of IFN signaling pathways, dependent on both virus and cell type. The IFNs are evolutionary conserved amongst species from human/primates to birds and function in host defense against invading pathogens. Piscine IFN proteins occur in fish species with antiviral biological properties. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-viral-antagonism-of-type-i-and-iii-ifn-signaling-2v4ywefa.png Table 2. Viral antagonism of Type I and III IFN signaling. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-interactions-between-capped-nanocrystals-three-4ito8duee8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-potential-well-depths-umin-from-fig-4-plotted-against-3vihkv76.png FIG. 6. Potential well depths Umin from Fig. 4 plotted against the number n of carbon atoms in the ligand tail. The value for Au147 SC12 58 is omitted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-some-computed-two-body-pmfs-from-fig-4-solid-lines-and-3pbtjefp.png FIG. 7. Some computed two-body PMFs from Fig. 4 solid lines and the potential Eq. 7 with the parameters corresponding to each system dashed lines . As in Fig. 4, the scaled distance is used on the horizontal axis and the vertical line indicates =1.25. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-scaled-equilibrium-distance-vs-scaled-ligand-length-3cqi7bpg.png FIG. 16. Scaled equilibrium distance vs scaled ligand length . Results of our two-body Sec. III and three-body Sec. IV simulations together with experimental data from Refs. 2, 10, 56–59, 61, and 64 are compared with predictions of OCM present work and OPM Ref. 7 . The OCM data for two NCs were calculated using Eq. 18 ; the OCM data for three and four NCs were obtained by solving Eq. 15 numerically. The OPM data were calculated using Eq. 21 . When the capping layers do not overlap, =1+ . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-force-field-parameters-for-the-lj-interactions-in-30vofvb1.png TABLE I. Force field parameters for the LJ interactions in our system. The CHx–CHy interaction parameters are taken from Ref. 25. The S–CHx interactions are taken from Ref. 17. Au–S and Au–CHx interactions are taken from our previous work Refs. 18 and 19 Interactions between rigid NC cores are modeled via the Hamaker potential Eq. 1 . LJ interactions are truncated and shifted at 12 Å. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-simulation-snapshot-of-a-au147-sc4-58-triplet-with-1n5r7268.png FIG. 8. A simulation snapshot of a Au147 SC4 58 triplet with R12=24.5 Å and r3C=27 Å. Representations are the same as in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-geometric-data-of-the-two-nc-systems-described-in-38u3xqwz.png TABLE III. Geometric data of the two NC systems described in the text. All distances are reported in angstrom. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-representation-of-the-triplet-overlap-distance-rovrl-3t1453ao.png FIG. 9. Representation of the triplet overlap distance rovrl 3b . The capping layer boundaries of the three NCs, represented by gray lines, intersect in the midpoint M of the equilateral triangle with corners in NC1, NC2, and NC3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-a-sketch-illustrating-the-ocm-present-work-by-7xe45ek4.png FIG. 14. A sketch illustrating the OCM present work . By connecting the intersection plane represented by the vertical dashed line with a NC center, one obtains a cone. Truncation of this cone at the NC surface yields the overlap cone. It is then assumed that the ligands whose headgroups are adsorbed inside the overlap cone represented by bold curved lines lie completely inside the overlap cone. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-montenegrin-citizenship-508ywjn66r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-categories-of-non-citizens-in-montenegro-current-2rhm5am6.png Table 2. Categories of non-citizens in Montenegro, current https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-organisational-responses-to-regulative-a6w1lc6xo8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-analytical-framework-1vuryrjh.png Figure 1 Analytical Framework: https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-interview-arrangements-3tzs9qq5.png Table 2: Interview Arrangements https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-organisational-responses-to-regulative-pressures-on-2oqytzvn.png Table 4: Organisational Responses to Regulative Pressures on ISM in Dynasty Hospital https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-framework-to-determine-the-organisational-1qbkh9fg.png Figure 2: A Framework to Determine the Organisational Strategies Employed in Response to Regulative Pressures https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-data-collection-and-triangulation-3tr8vw55.png Table 3: Data Collection and Triangulation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-organisational-response-strategy-to-institutional-3a9f5dcg.png Table 1 Organisational Response Strategy to Institutional Pressures https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-organizations-through-systems-oriented-design-4lau8n9k60 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-needed-changes-to-nav-120zz0l5.png Table 3. Summary of Needed Changes to NAV https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-system-leverage-points-in-increasing-order-of-3reufxf4.png Fig. 2. System Leverage Points (in increasing order of effectiveness) [29] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mapping-leverage-points-and-critical-success-36hktrh7.png Table 2. Mapping leverage points and Critical Success Criteria (CSC) for UD in NAV https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-graph-derived-from-the-rich-data-giga-mapping-bold-15d4kli0.png Fig. 3. A graph derived from the rich data GIGA mapping. Bold black arrows indicate expected increased pull on UD expertise with new legal demands on UD in 2021 for agile teams. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-15-critical-success-criteria-csc-wcsvcnz1.png Table 1. Summary of the 15 Critical Success Criteria (CSC) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-concept-model-of-a-system-2d3renq8.png Fig. 1. Concept model of a system https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-public-evaluation-quantifying-experimenter-2tfven196l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-passers-by-per-hour-on-low-traffic-day-top-and-high-13mcpkbz.png Figure 4. Passers-by per hour on low-traffic day (top) and high traffic day (bottom) during a special event. Units are minutes from 9am. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-when-a-user-performs-the-teapot-gesture-their-3uzwonyl.png Figure 3. When a user performs the teapot gesture, their silhouette will get a silly hat. An animation in the bottom left of the screen demonstrates the gesture. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-numbers-for-passers-by-and-users-observed-3u8wy5lq.png Table 1. Total numbers for passers-by and users observed during each condition. Users are counted as all silhouettes captured by the depth camera. Users are broken down into more refined categories in Figure 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-baseline-pedestrian-motion-in-the-space-used-for-g1trd9wm.png Figure 5. Baseline pedestrian motion in the space used for evaluation. Each blue line represents the motion of one pedestrian through the space [extracted automatically from video]. Top: Low traffic baseline, N=1993, Bottom: High traffic baseline, N=4817. Pedestrian routes are similar in both high and low traffic days. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pedestrian-traffic-for-three-evaluation-conditions-p8abt7ea.png Figure 6. Pedestrian traffic for three evaluation conditions. Each blue line represents the motion of one pedestrian through the space [extracted automatically from video]. Top: Steward Observer, N= 1634, Middle: Overt Observer, N=1769, Bottom: Covert Observer, N=2000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-all-users-have-been-organised-into-four-categories-3c1vipzh.png Figure 9. All users have been organised into four categories based on duration of visibility and number of interactions. Percentages show proportion of users out of total observed passers-by. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-average-standing-distance-from-the-display-for-each-11r0w94o.png Figure 7: Average standing distance from the display for each condition in millimetres. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-users-often-interacted-with-the-display-in-the-11uhsb1p.png Figure 8. Users often interacted with the display in the centre of the walkway. Top: A large group blocks the majority of the walkway. Middle: Shadow puppets amuse a passer-by. Bottom: A user performs the gesture with an audience watching. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-pretence-and-understanding-action-466kf1zoum 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-relations-between-performance-on-the-two-tasks-in-30f2c8pi.png Table 7 Relations between performance on the two tasks in Experiment 2 for the two groups of children. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparative-analysis-of-false-belief-and-mechanical-5zqewdeh.png Table 1 Comparative analysis of false belief and mechanical analogue tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-of-children-from-the-three-groups-on-3o16p9ri.png Table 3 Performance of children from the three groups on both tasks in Experiment 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chronological-and-verbal-mental-ages-of-the-three-3m0w83iv.png Table 2 Chronological and verbal mental ages of the three groups of children who participated in Experiment 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relations-between-performance-on-the-two-tasks-in-2z9vr71z.png Table 4: Relations between performance on the two tasks in Experiment 1 for the three groups of children. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-performance-of-children-from-the-two-groups-on-both-2plp28n7.png Table 6 Performance of children from the two groups on both tasks in Experiment 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chronological-and-verbal-mental-ages-of-the-three-jx3m060i.png Table 2 Chronological and verbal mental ages of the three groups of children who participated in Experiment 1. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-public-support-for-recycling-policy-to-unveil-1w5feoqygp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-conceptual-model-of-policy-support-for-2c8iyqt0.png Figure 1 The conceptual model of policy support for recycling policy https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-respondent-profile-with-2011-hong-kong-3o8dfm6x.png Table 1 Comparison of respondent profile with 2011 Hong Kong Population Census https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-psychological-model-vs-integrated-model-1lortl2o.png Table 2 Psychological Model vs. Integrated Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-explanation-of-variance-r2-35zmf3lv.png Table 3 Explanation of variance (R2) https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-pointing-problems-in-real-world-computing-1ajv6dih6l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plot-of-number-of-clicks-with-too-many-buttons-22vw2jw4.png Figure 5. Plot of number of clicks with too many buttons across all logins and sessions. Login 0 is from the baseline task. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-the-difference-between-the-mean-19kbbmh4.png Figure 6. Comparison of the difference between the mean distance slipped by each user across login sessions. Login 0 was from a baseline clicking task, all other data is from double clicking a desktop icon or one of the clicking games. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-screenshots-from-the-two-most-popular-games-a-b-nm4ue3bj.png Figure 4. Screenshots from the two most popular games A & B) Same Game, where participants need to click on a connected group of blocks with matching colors and letters. B shows the currently selection of connected blocks. If user clicks on selected area, all highlighted blocks will disappear. C & D) Screenshots of the Memory Blocks Game where participants click on blocks to flip them over and match blocks with identical icons. This is a memory game because tiles are flipped back over after two have been viewed, so participants must remember the location of the icons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-graph-of-the-time-between-double-click-attempts-by-3nvd5hyy.png Figure 3. Graph of the time between double click attempts by participant across login sessions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-number-of-clicks-it-took-each-participant-to-58dgabu7.png Figure 2. Mean number of clicks it took each participant to activate a desktop icon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-the-mean-excess-distance-traveled-by-2g5tzxcn.png Figure 1. Comparison of the mean excess distance traveled by each user across login sessions. Login 0 was from a baseline clicking task, all other data is from double clicking a desktop icon or one of the clicking games. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-the-difference-between-the-mean-3n0ht3fm.png Figure 8. Comparison of the difference between the mean number of direction changes in the Y direction by each user across login sessions. Login 0 was from a baseline clicking task, all other data is from double clicking a desktop icon or one of the clicking games. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-the-difference-between-the-mean-3kdi7hpk.png Figure 7. Comparison of the difference between the mean number of direction changes in the X direction by each user across login sessions. Login 0 was from a baseline clicking task, all other data is from double clicking a desktop icon or one of the clicking games. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-regional-energy-poverty-in-japan-a-direct-36vdum7rht 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-energy-poverty-premium-in-japan-note-the-difference-is-1dggk78p.png Fig. 5. Energy poverty premium in Japan Note: The difference is significant at the 0.001 level by the t-test. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-poverty-reduction-effects-of-energy-in-japan-and-its-2u823y6c.png Table 6. Poverty reduction effects of energy in Japan and its 10 regions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-detailed-information-on-the-japanese-regions-and-1vpg26gu.png Table 1. Detailed information on the Japanese regions and prefectures https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-type-in-the-study-1hzycdjb.png Table 2. Type in the study https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-5sdg0c1o.png Table 3. Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-trends-in-the-vulnerability-index-for-energy-poverty-29a4fzpz.png Fig. 1. Trends in the vulnerability index for energy poverty, 2000-2017 Note: The index is the ratio of energy CPI to household income. For more details on this index, see Okushima (2016). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-climate-and-regions-of-japan-note-temperatures-are-1e0ymow9.png Fig. 2. Climate and regions of Japan Note: Temperatures are monthly averages of daily mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures. Precipitation is the amount of monthly precipitation. Source: Tables of climatological normals (1981-2010), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/data/en/index.html https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-energy-use-by-type-g6kmfsys.png Table 4. Energy use by type https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-russian-regions-economic-performance-during-2lnns2itl9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-3nhqrcwp.png Table 1 - Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-determinants-of-post-crisis-growth-2kpjbr1u.png Table 3 - Determinants of Post-Crisis Growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-determinants-of-pre-crisis-growth-1rvkbyae.png Table 2 - Determinants of Pre-Crisis Growth https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-small-firm-reactions-to-free-trade-agreements-2l3xovso2q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sme-international-marketing-strategies-39sax7o1.png Table 2: SME international marketing strategies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-four-aspects-of-a-marketing-relationship-as-2l4nkx5v.png Table 1: Four aspects of a marketing relationship as suggested by Merrilees and Tiessen (1999) https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-social-preferences-with-simple-tests-2c0vjkec3c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-distributional-models-as-explanations-for-bs-r0je1ess.png Table V. Distributional Models as Explanations for B’s Sacrifice https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-regression-estimates-for-b-behavior-n-903-2wn4npgv.png Table VI. Regression estimates for B behavior (N=903) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-as-sacrifice-hurts-b-maximize-sacrifice-6x9zahv8.png Table 3.2: A’s Sacrifice Hurts B Maximize Sacrifice https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-as-sacrifice-helps-b-maximize-sacrifice-2zx9zxgt.png Table 3.1: A’s Sacrifice Helps B Maximize Sacrifice https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-bs-response-as-a-function-of-as-help-or-harm-6use9t13.png Table VII. B’s Response as a function of A’s help or harm https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-consistency-of-behavior-with-distributional-models-1pett4ou.png Table III. Consistency of Behavior with Distributional Models When the Prediction is Unique https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-consistency-of-behavior-with-distributional-models-24nrcd5g.png Table II. Consistency of Behavior with Distributional Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-bs-sacrifice-rate-by-effect-on-inequality-2sg7f38b.png Table IV. B’s Sacrifice Rate by Effect on Inequality https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-security-requirements-for-industrial-control-18s6n0r8bk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-security-risks-in-the-natanz-supply-chain-vwc02toz.png Fig. 2. Security risks in the Natanz supply chain https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-seismics-socio-technical-model-of-ics-supply-chain-b-2uradktk.png Fig. 1. (a) SEISMiC’s socio-technical model of ICS supply chain (b) SEISMiC’s spiral ICS risk assessment process model https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-controls-on-deposited-fine-sediment-in-the-1nqwf2qddf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-deposited-fine-sediment-characteristics-by-33hv0bal.png Figure 6 Deposited fine sediment characteristics by hydromorphological river type; see Table 5 for definition of river types following Orr et al. (2008). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-location-of-sampled-sites-b-sediment-pressure-fm24i30f.png Figure 1 (a) Location of sampled sites; (b) sediment pressure class based on quintiles from an updated version of the PSYCHIC model using agricultural data for 2010. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-regression-analysis-for-total-fine-sediment-mass-krfdx6av.png Figure 7 Regression analysis for total fine sediment mass (primary sites): (a) relationship with stream power and velocity category (black: vc=1; dark grey: vc=2; light grey: vc≥3); (b) residual relationship with modelled sediment pressure, predominantly from agriculture; (c) predicted versus measured total fine sediment mass showing 1:1 line and 90% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relationship-between-reach-averaged-measured-fine-2peh6hel.png Figure 5 Relationship between reach-averaged measured fine sediment and mean substratum size derived from visual assessment following protocol for RIVPACS environmental variables (Murray-Bligh et al., 1997); best fit polynomial regression lines and 90% prediction intervals shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-assessment-of-regression-relationships-using-2y1rfxbt.png Figure 9 Assessment of regression relationships using independent dataset from supplementary sites (measurements taken in autumn × and spring ○): (a) measured and predicted reach-averaged total bed sediment; (b) measured and predicted reach-averaged surface sediment; (c) relationship between total bed sediment and stream power; (d) relationship between surface sediment and stream power. In all cases, relationship from analysis of primary dataset with 90% prediction intervals is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sampling-periods-overlain-on-mean-daily-flows-note-1ak3ixug.png Figure 3 Sampling periods overlain on mean daily flows (note logarithmic scale) for the River Teifi at Llanfair, south-west Wales. Light grey bars relate to primary sites; dark grey bars to the supplementary dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-spearman-cross-correlation-between-reach-averaged-1to6qjaj.png Table 4 Spearman cross-correlation between reach-averaged mass of deposited fine sediment and potential explanatory variables (values with significance level p<0.001 based on t test where t=ρ[(n-2)/(1-ρ2)] with (n-2) degrees of freedom (Siegel, 1956); only sites with no missing data used n=204). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-best-fit-linear-models-for-explaining-instantaneous-2k1vxh9r.png Table 6 Best-fit linear models for explaining instantaneous data on deposited fine sediment Regression model adjusted https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-basin-and-its-dynamics-16xerya01h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-cross-section-and-oblique-views-respectively-of-k0psr84j.png Figure 1.3 Cross-section and oblique views, respectively, of ecological https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-5-average-hydrological-fluxes-across-the-murray-2uetne3o.png Figure 1.5 Average hydrological fluxes across the Murray–Darling Basin, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-the-large-geomorphic-features-of-the-murray-2hxapmfj.png Figure 1.1 The large geomorphic features of the Murray–Darling Basin https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-annual-rainfall-anomaly-for-the-murray-darling-fhr521y9.png Figure 1.2 Annual rainfall anomaly for the Murray–Darling Basin, 1899–2010 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4-the-three-major-climatic-regimes-of-the-murray-1tg0kzbi.png Figure 1.4 The three major climatic regimes of the Murray–Darling Basin https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-8-run-off-projections-for-2030-2050-and-2070-796nn260.png Figure 1.8 Run-off projections for 2030, 2050 and 2070 relative to 1990 for the entire Murray–Darling Basin, the northern Basin and the southern Basin under high and medium global-warming scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-10-the-annual-rainfall-anomaly-for-the-murray-1v6a6loi.png Figure 1.10 The annual rainfall anomaly for the Murray–Darling Basin, 1891– 2010, and the storage capacity and diversions in the Basin, 1920–94 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-7-predicted-impacts-of-future-climate-on-surface-36zkvd50.png Figure 1.7 Predicted impacts of future climate on surface-water availability in the river systems of the Murray–Darling Basin https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-discrimination-power-of-facial-regions-in-31lnnwa2v1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-framework-1eds0pop.png Figure 1: Experimental framework. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-roc-curves-showing-verification-performance-of-2rezt9ub.png Figure 3: ROC curves showing verification performance of different facial regions (highlighting the best three regions) obtained for the three population sets: 200mix (top), 200female (middle), and 200male (bottom). See one example of the different regions in Fig. 2.4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-facial-regions-extraction-1u86ewbe.png Figure 2: Facial regions extraction. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-diversity-of-dna-methylation-in-1dgmsg1973 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lineages-and-sub-lineages-of-the-samples-reported-by-45bcmiwe.png Table 1: Lineages and sub-lineages of the samples reported by TB-Profiler using 116 assembled genomic sequences (ERS-Malawian and SAMEA-global samples). 117 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tanglegram-of-hierarchically-clustered-samples-205-26blmtud.png Figure 3. Tanglegram of hierarchically clustered samples. 205 Clustering was based on IPD and ML phylogeny. Samples are coloured based on 206 lineages. Three samples clustered separately from their lineage. 207 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-lineage-specific-sequence-differences-relative-to-1osyg82p.png Figure 1: Lineage specific sequence differences relative to the reference gene 123 pks15 (Rv2947c) 124 The pks15 gene from 34 samples was aligned against the reference to display lineage 125 specific variations. Variants were observed in four different locations/ranges within the 126 gene discriminating four lineages L5 (50, A>G substitution), L 5 (1097-1105 127 CGGTGCTGG deletion), L1, L5, L6 (1318 G>C substitution) and L6 (1658 1 bp insertion 128 of G), L1, L2, L5 (1658 7bp insertion) 129 130 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-diverse-region-in-different-samples-and-lineages-c8bk2n7q.png Figure 4. Diverse region in different samples and lineages. 209 Differences are displayed in alignment frame of the different samples and lineages 210 calculated with default Gubbins parameters. Regions of affected gene locations in the 211 alignment (top). The phylogeny of the 34 samples (left). Recombination events (bottom) 212 213 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-methylation-summary-171-a-distribution-of-i849hk77.png Figure 2: Methylation summary 171 (A) Distribution of methylated samples in each Lineage for the motifs. (B) Distribution of 172 samples with methylated motifs in each lineage. (C) Methylation efficiency in samples 173 for each motif. (D) Methylation efficiency by motif in each lineage. 174 https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-effect-of-the-adatoms-in-the-formic-acid-3jxgswxnsg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dft-calculated-activation-energies-for-the-cleavage-1dgo1jc0.png Table 4. DFT calculated activation energies for the cleavage of the C-H bond from the chemisorbed HCOO fragment on the adatom and the total energy of the process. Negligible activation energy is denoted as “dh”. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dft-calculated-physiorption-energies-for-a-hydrated-2d9k9al0.png Table 3. DFT calculated physiorption energies for a hydrated formic acid molecule on the adatom modified Pt(111) surface and the distance between the adatom and the O atom of the carbonyl group in the formic acid molecule. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-dft-calculated-adsorption-energies-for-hcoom-and-2he7vkpv.png Table 5. DFT calculated adsorption energies for HCOOm and HCOOb on unmodified and Bi modified Pt(111) surfaces, using the adsorption energy of HCOOb on the unmodified Pt(111) surface as reference https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-geometries-of-a-the-hcoo-fragment-chemisorbed-on-3grg3z4s.png Figure 4. Geometries of A) the HCOO fragment chemisorbed on the Pb-Pt(111) surface and B) the final products yielded from the formic acid oxidation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-physisorbed-geometries-of-hydrated-formic-acid-282twgki.png Figure 3. Physisorbed geometries of hydrated formic acid molecules on (A) Pb and (B) As modified Pt(111) surfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-measured-activation-energies-at-different-km86i4yg.png Figure 7. Measured activation energies at different potentials for different Bi coverages on the Pt(111) electrode ()θBi=0.00 ; () θBi=0.12 () θBi=0.22 and () θBi=0.28. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-partial-charges-d-vs-difference-of-1kosf8k6.png Figure 2. Partial charges (δ) vs. difference of electronegativity between the adatom and platinum (∆EN) estimated under two different formalisms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-voltammetric-profiles-for-the-bi-pt-111-electrode-2bnzkihw.png Figure 6. Voltammetric profiles for the Bi-Pt(111) electrode with θBi=0.12 in a 0.5 M H2SO4 + 0.1 M HCOOH solution at different temperatures. Scan rate: 50 mV s-1. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-behavior-of-the-conflict-rate-metric-in-r5497kbx9b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-system-states-for-two-replicas-3v4d2o7k.png Figure 4.1: System states for two replicas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-major-simulation-parameters-1jnumfdl.png Table 3.1: Major simulation parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-family-of-conflict-rate-curves-ph58htfl.png Figure 4.4: Family of conflict rate curves. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-conflict-rates-for-50-replicas-m3pv8exc.png Figure 4.3: Conflict rates for 50 replicas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-two-multiplicands-of-the-conflict-rate-curve-37dhxioe.png Figure 4.2: Two multiplicands of the conflict rate curve. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-effects-of-spaceflight-on-head-trunk-3t6ddh2b0g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-seat-egress-and-walk-test-one-of-seven-functional-37o8uewi.png Fig. 1: The Seat Egress and Walk Test, one of seven functional activities used to assess performance after exposure to unloading, either microgravity or bed rest. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-individual-responses-pre-and-post-70-day-head-down-3hse75ve.png Fig. 4: A: Individual responses pre- and post- 70-day head down tilt bed rest for controls (BRC) receiving no exercise. B: Significantly different response in ‘decreaser’ group when compared to baseline measures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-individual-responses-pre-and-post-70-day-head-down-28glqr1e.png Fig. 5: A: Individual responses pre- and post- 70-day head down tilt bed rest for those who exercised regularly. B: Significantly different response in ‘decreaser’ group when compared to baseline measures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-individual-responses-pre-and-post-6-month-1keuqv8b.png Fig. 3: A: Individual responses pre- and post- 6 month microgravity (ISS) exposure highlighting bimodal ‘increaser’ and ‘decreaser’ response. B: Statistically significant mean differences in both groups after long duration space flight. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-head-and-trunk-yaw-rotation-angles-for-slalom-34inpsyr.png Fig. 2: A: Head and trunk yaw rotation angles for slalom section of obstacle course with maxima and minima differences highlighted in a single Pre-flight (L-30) astronaut subject. B: Post-flight (R+1) results https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-gap-between-the-ieee-802-11-protocol-56m3oiy5g2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-typical-exchange-between-node-3-and-node-2-at-point-9bbc99ot.png Fig. 1. A typical exchange between Node 3 and Node 2. At point (a) the backoff counter of Node 3 reaches zero, Node 3 senses the medium and finding the medium idle transmits a RTS. Upon receiving the RTS (b) (respectively, the CTS (c) ) Node 4 (resp, Node 1) sets its NAV to cover the duration of the exchange between Node 3 and Node 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ns-2-default-parameters-p-0-2818w-rxrange-250m-1h2gmjkt.png Fig. 2. Ns-2 default parameters: P = 0.2818W, (RXRange = 250m, RXThresh = 3.652 · 10−10W), (CSRange = 550m, CSThresh = 1.559 · 10−11W). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-activity-of-the-different-links-over-a-period-of-5s-3axybx9p.png Fig. 11. Activity of the different links over a period of 5s at a CSRange of 250m. The x axis is the spatial coordinate of the node, the y axis is the time. A transmission between node i and j from time t1 to time t2 is depicted by a vertical line from ( xi+xj 2 , t1) to ( xi+xj 2 , t2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-on-the-top-of-the-figure-the-schedule-of-maximal-8bclb49z.png Fig. 12. On the top of the figure the schedule of maximal spatial reuse on a small topology. The nodes represented by a cross sense the medium as busy (virtual or physical carrier sensing) and therefore must remain silent. When the the middle transmission finishes, only a transmission on the same link is possible (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-spatial-reuse-of-the-modified-802-11-protocol-3pi7j2rt.png Fig. 10. Spatial reuse of the modified 802.11 protocol (variable cw, CSRange = 250m) as a function of the overhead size. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-802-11-performance-for-the-variable-contention-27eya2av.png TABLE I 802.11 PERFORMANCE FOR THE VARIABLE CONTENTION WINDOW CASE (VARIABLE cw) AND FOR THE FIXED CONTENTION WINDOW x (FIXED cw = x) THAT GIVES THE HIGHEST SPATIAL REUSE AT A CSRANGE OF 445M. WE CONSIDER TWO TOPOLOGIES, A LINE AND A RANDOM 2D TOPOLOGY (125 NODES ARE RANDOMLY DEPLOYED ON A 2500X2500 SQUARE AREA, THE ISOLATED NODES ARE THEN REMOVED TO KEEP A CONNECTED COMPONENT OF 100 NODES, THE AVERAGE NODE DEGREE IS 3.5 AND VARIES BETWEEN 1 AND 8). IN THE 2D TOPOLOGY, A CSRANGE OF 250M WOULD RESULT IN A VERY LOW NODE DEGREE AND A POOR CONNECTIVITY. THIS OBSERVATION, TOGETHER WITH THE FACT THAT A CSRANGE OF 445M DOES NOT CHANGE THE RESULTS FOR THE LINE TOPOLOGY, MOTIVATED THE CHOICE OF A CSRANGE OF 445M FOR THE 2D TOPOLOGY. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-impact-of-socioeconomic-differences-in-ugjcn3flo1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-expected-years-remaining-without-breast-cancer-1757prmh.png Figure 1: Mean expected years remaining (without breast cancer), Mean observed years remaining (with cancer), and loss in expectation of life as functions of age. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-proportion-of-deprivation-gap-due-to-differences-in-1s8ia8bw.png Table 3: Proportion of deprivation gap due to differences in relative survival. Deprivation gap calculated by comparing to deprivation group 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-patients-in-age-and-deprivation-categories-1ayqnf4n.png Table 1: Number of patients in age and deprivation categories for the entire cohort (diagnosis window (1999-2009). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-total-life-years-lost-in-the-cohort-and-the-years-1simwhod.png Table 4: Total life years lost in the cohort, and the years lost over the cohort due to relative survival differences in deprivation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-long-term-projections-of-the-avoidable-deaths-for-1x375k50.png Figure 2: (a) Long-term projections of the avoidable deaths for patients diagnosed in a 2009 partitioned by deprivation (the groups are stacked to give the overall measure). (b) The https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-impact-of-immigration-on-crime-34ug9lzhiz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-change-in-crime-rates-by-decade-and-2tug4hz9.png Table 1: Percentage Change in Crime Rates by Decade and Quartile of Change in Immigrant Share https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-instrumental-variables-estimates-of-the-first-39bx3mm3.png Table 5: Instrumental Variables Estimates of the First Differences Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-yearly-flow-of-legal-immigrants-into-the-us-1820-30pb8ao1.png Figure 1: Yearly Flow of Legal Immigrants into the US, 1820-2008 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4b-the-correlation-between-violent-crime-rates-and-1nsjcwtg.png Figure 4B: The Correlation between Violent Crime Rates and the Share of Immigrants, 1980-2000 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4a-the-correlation-between-property-crime-rates-and-27zynbal.png Figure 4B: The Correlation between Violent Crime Rates and the Share of Immigrants, 1980-2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimates-of-the-elasticity-of-crime-with-respect-to-1xyfzv2q.png Table 4: Estimates of the Elasticity of Crime with Respect to Immigration Using First Differences https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimates-of-the-elasticity-of-crime-with-respect-to-14gzg3yo.png Table 3: Estimates of the Elasticity of Crime with Respect to Immigration https://scispace.com/figures/table-8a-sensitivity-analysis-and-extensions-of-the-basic-2xejcpwt.png Table 8A: Sensitivity Analysis and Extensions of the Basic Model for Property Crimes https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-information-literacy-experiences-of-efl-2x4rudnpo9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-techniques-for-reading-organising-and-translating-2yhl83hf.png Table 1 Techniques for reading, organising and translating information https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-outcome-space-for-categories-33587rm6.png Figure 1 Outcome space for categories https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-independent-dancer-roles-development-and-3507v0uzl6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-6oi9n2f9.png Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3r1doib0.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-influence-of-farmer-motivations-on-changes-2vferr4tm6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dam-protecting-houses-bevendean-2000-aqets45f.png Figure 4. Dam protecting houses, Bevendean, 2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparing-farm-types-in-the-interview-sample-with-2iho9vj4.png Table 2 Comparing farm types in the interview sample with those from the 2010 June Census Data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2b-off-site-flooding-from-winter-cereal-field-lewes-2yjnda6m.png Figure 2b. Off-site flooding from winter cereal field, Lewes, 1991 https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-influence-of-victim-gender-in-death-2fcb31kg8x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-provides-the-results-of-a-weighted-logistic-1eybsnsk.png Table 2 provides the results of a weighted logistic regression analysis of death sentence imposition that includes dummy variables for each victim race–gender subgroup. All four models in table 2 are the same except the victim race–gender reference group is alternated among white female, white male, black female, and black male subgroups to allow for easy comparison. All variables that are included in table 1, model 3, are also included in table 2. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-material-flow-path-of-friction-stir-28ol3frocg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristic-lengths-of-weld-zone-in-mm-obtained-2c1vkmdc.png Table 1 Characteristic lengths of weld zone (in mm) obtained for various values of welding speed (V), plunge force (F) and rotational speed (ω) and for the two pins SC and TC3F. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fsw-tool-pin-profiles-a-sc-tool-and-b-tc3f-tool-the-ww3awf2t.png Fig. 1. FSW tool pin profiles: (a) SC tool and (b) TC3F tool. The dimensions are given in mm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristic-lengths-for-the-joint-obtained-with-3f8q6g0x.png Table 2 Characteristic lengths for the joint obtained with various process parameters (V, F, ω) deduced from observations of the weld root with transverse copper foil. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-macro-section-parallel-to-the-plan-section-of-the-weld-unb2f0ku.png Fig. 7. Macro-section parallel to the plan section of the weld joint, at the weld root with a transverse copper foil: (a) experimental observation, (b) initial position of particle, (c) position after a half a revolution and (d) position after a revolution and a half. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-macro-sections-of-the-weld-joint-for-various-process-1c79nrns.png Fig. 6. Macro-sections of the weld joint for various process parameters (V, F, ω) and for the two pins and an initially longitudinal copper foil. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-influence-of-fo-on-the-characteristics-lengths-of-the-3uivcm5l.png Fig. 4. Influence of Fω on the characteristics lengths of the weld shape. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-influence-of-fo-on-the-global-and-local-profiles-of-29ijcox5.png Fig. 5. Influence of Fω on the global and local profiles of the weld shape. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-typical-micrograph-of-the-weld-joint-and-definition-of-ysubu5ku.png Fig. 3. Typical micrograph of the weld joint and definition of characteristic lengths. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-need-for-novelty-from-the-perspective-of-stpukgtjid 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structural-equation-modeling-showing-associations-28eaycp1.png Figure 2. Structural equation modeling showing associations between basic psychological needs (including novelty need satisfaction) and intrinsic motivation. Dashed arrows represent non-significant relations. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-physics-of-oligonucleotide-microarrays-the-4i6iqzuu7z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-p-values-testing-significance-of-the-extra-parameter-3df4b55f.png Table 6. p-Values testing significance of the extra parameter related to nested pairs of models in equations (22)–(28). Smaller p-values indicate that the extra parameters in the more complicated model are significant. The second column gives the extra parameters included in the more complicated of the two models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-same-as-figure-10-for-dataset-i-wjq64uzj.png Figure 11. The same as figure 10 for dataset I. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-estimated-parameters-obtained-by-fitting-the-2dbr3pyn.png Figure 12. Estimated parameters obtained by fitting the hyperbolic response function (1) to datasets I and II (horizontal axes, together with error bars showing standard errors) plotted against with the values that would be predicted by the quantitative fits of section 5 (vertical axes). The dotted lines indicate a factor of 2 on either side of the diagonal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-first-three-panels-show-fitted-asymptotes-i-a-b-gu81ax8c.png Figure 3. The first three panels show fitted asymptotes I (∞) = A + B, defined in equation (1) for PM/MM pairs for each of the three datasets. The fourth panel compares the asymptotes for dataset I (with non-specific background) with those for dataset III (without non-specific background). Standard errors arising from the fits to equation (1) are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-histograms-of-quantile-normalized-fluorescence-1224aush.png Figure 6. Histograms of quantile normalized fluorescence intensities across microarrays in datasets I and II on a linear (upper) and logarithmic (lower) scale. Both PM and MM intensities are included. Counts are from bins of size 0.01 on the log intensity axis. Also indicated are estimates of the parameters a and b for each dataset, with bars indicating two standard deviations of the spread in the intensity data on either side. The curves fitted to the histograms in the lower panel are explained in section 6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-fitted-parameters-to-three-significant-figures-1cc5ghxv.png Table 5. Fitted parameters, to three significant figures, occurring in the analysis of section 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fits-of-equation-21-to-the-parameter-combination-a-1zi0bepl.png Figure 7. Fits of equation (21) to the parameter combination A + B of the hyperbolic response function fits to the PM data for datasets I and II. The parameter b has been absorbed into a shift in the ordinate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-p-values-testing-significance-of-the-extra-3arqm8w9.png Table 7. p-Values testing significance of the extra parameters related to nested pairs of Models 0–8 fitting the effective rate constant K. Smaller p-values indicate that the extra parameters in the more complicated model are significant. The number of fitted PM hyperbolic response functions for which all the three parameters A,B and K are positive, and hence the number of points fitted to the models, is 188 for dataset I, 303 for dataset II and 192 for dataset III. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-process-of-psychological-development-in-4xg7rfmwwo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-theoretical-sampling-process23-sx5aecd9.png Figure 1. Theoretical sampling process23 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-systematic-approach-to-teaching-and-learning-kvma11lc.png Figure 3. The systematic approach to teaching and learning psychological skills. 17 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-process-of-youth-athlete-psychological-oa0i2m72.png Figure 2. The process of youth athlete psychological development from coach-created challenges and adversity in an intensive 16 wrestling camp. 17 https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-problem-of-social-cost-1dqrepnig1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1eschhhc.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-uk-s-poor-technological-performance-2zbh1xzqw8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimated-defence-gerd-intensity-g5-countries-26j9vokm.png Figure 3. Estimated defence GERD intensity: G5 countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-contribution-of-individual-industries-to-the-within-2a5vvgqw.png Table 6. Contribution of individual industries to the within-manufacturing-industries change in BERD intensity, 1991–2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-uk-gerd-by-who-performs-it-and-who-funds-it-183vt8y2.png Table 1. UK GERD by who performs it and who funds it https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-between-component-uk-and-usa-n6a7nh4k.png Figure 8. Comparison of between component, UK and USA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-uk-within-and-between-broad-manufacturing-sectors-1evpecl4.png Figure 11. UK within and between broad manufacturing sectors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimated-civil-gerd-intensity-g5-countries-3ndg4wvy.png Figure 2. Estimated civil GERD intensity: G5 countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-berd-intensity-g5-countries-51iepsdq.png Figure 5. BERD intensity: G5 countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-usa-within-and-between-broad-manufacturing-sectors-3tg4sfy6.png Figure 12. USA within and between broad manufacturing sectors https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-solution-behavior-of-minor-actinides-in-51zev3icy6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-adjusted-uv-vis-absorption-spectra-for-the-effect-3gj8b427.png Figure 3. Adjusted UV-Vis absorption spectra for the effect of pH on a 1:1 CmIII:EDTA4- system; [CmIII]i = [EDTA4-]i = 2 × 10-5 M; Io = 0.5 M NaNO3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-possible-structures-of-a-am-hedta-h2o-4-aq-b-am-39ho4xt4.png Figure 11. Possible structures of; A) [Am(HEDTA)(H2O)4](aq); B) [Am(EDTA)(H2O)3]-(aq) and C) [Am(EDTA)(OH)(H2O)2]2-(aq) species. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-uv-vis-absorption-spectra-for-the-effect-of-ph-on-a-14jdpha5.png Figure 6. UV-Vis absorption spectra for the effect of pH on a 1:1:2 AmIII:EDTA4-:CO32- system; https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-speciation-diagram-of-a-1-1-amiii-edta4-system-as-2gs2hg5q.png Figure 12. Speciation diagram of a 1:1 AmIII:EDTA4- system as a function of pH using the JCHESS code with a reduced log β[Am(EDTA)]- value compared to Figure 10.31 Total [AmIII] = total [EDTA4-] = 4 x 10-4 M; [NO3]- = 2 M. Only soluble species are shown. Thermodynamic data obtained from the integrated JCHESS database, as well as Martell and Smith (corrected to zero ionic strength using the Davies Equation).12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-adjusted-uv-vis-absorption-spectra-for-a-1-1-x-1u52urwg.png Figure 5. Adjusted UV-Vis absorption spectra for a 1:1:X CmIII:EDTA4-:CO32- system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structures-of-the-edta-nta-citrate-oda-ida-and-1mfscstw.png Figure 1. Structures of the EDTA, NTA, citrate, ODA, IDA and carbonate ligands. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-plot-of-the-percentage-formation-of-the-am-edta-h2o-1xnkzm9o.png Figure 9. Plot of the percentage formation of the [Am(EDTA)(H2O)3]-(aq) species as a function of pH. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-uv-vis-absorption-spectra-for-a-1-1-x-amiii-edta4-2efn7lny.png Figure 4. UV-Vis absorption spectra for a 1:1:X AmIII:EDTA4-:CO32- system (where X = 0 to 2 equivalents); [AmIII]i = [EDTA4-]i = [CO32-]i = 5 × 10-5 M; pH = 10 ± 0.5; Io = 0.5 M NaNO3. Inset: Zoom-in of absorption maxima. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-sulfate-attack-of-portland-cement-based-53on51kvtz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-and-mineralogical-compositions-of-the-1frvgne6.png Table 1 Chemical and mineralogical compositions of the Portland cement (wt. %). 112 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-concentration-of-ions-in-the-pore-solution-before-2oum6u6t.png Table 2 Concentration of ions in the pore solution before degradation and diffusion coefficient in free water (Di https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mineralogical-alterations-of-sulfate-attacks-induced-35efp1w2.png Table 3 Mineralogical alterations of sulfate attacks induced by electric migration (this paper) and diffusion 610 (obtained from [11,15]). 611 https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-thermoelectric-properties-from-high-throughput-4f4kb137tx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-electronic-band-structure-of-al2cdse4-mp-materials-id-260q2xtz.png Fig. 4 Electronic band structure of Al2CdSe4 (MP materials id = mp-3807) computed using DFT-GGA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-heat-map-of-selected-descriptors-used-in-clustering-of-wzff5l8h.png Fig. 9 Heat map of selected descriptors used in clustering of materials. The 7 clusters are listed on the x-axis, and the map is used to illustrate the difference in properties between clusters. The thermoelectric properties below the black lines were not used in clustering materials. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-calculated-and-experimental-power-factor-10kx92cc.png Fig. 6 Comparison of calculated and experimental power factor and Seebeck coefficient for n-type ZrNiSn as a function of temperature.67 The calculations apply the Boltzmann transport equation to MP band structures under a constant relaxation time approximation; carrier concentrations for the computations were set equal to the experimental value at that temperature. The Seebeck coefficient shows good agreement over the full range of temperatures, whereas the computed power factor deviates from experimental measurements at high temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-calculated-thermal-conductivities-in-the-amorphous-12w3f8ry.png Fig. 7 Calculated thermal conductivities in the amorphous limit and experimental minimum thermal conductivities from two models (Clarke and Cahill Pohl) with parameter values computed from DFT-GGA plotted on a log–log scale. The blue line plots equivalence between computation and experiment. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-workweek-of-foreign-born-workers-in-the-3cz1kj98k2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-proportions-and-proportion-working-long-hours-2iuq0wec.png Table 1. Sample Proportions and Proportion Working Long Hours https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-predicted-probability-of-working-long-hours-by-3urxkjh3.png Table 5. Predicted Probability of Working Long Hours (by Nativity and Years in the U.S.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ols-regression-including-occupation-wages-and-tz3hp593.png Table 4. OLS Regression including Occupation Wages and Dispersion Measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-bivariate-regression-coefficients-of-difference-on-pde3n6q1.png Table 7. Bivariate Regression Coefficients of Difference on Incidence in Long Hours on Different Occupation/Year Characteristics Dependent Variable: Difference between natives and Immigrants in Long Hours https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-12d3f5xf.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bl0comp1.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-detailed-3-digit-occupation-and-industry-3ysgz3gu.png Table 3. Detailed 3-Digit Occupation and Industry Counterfactuals https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-linear-probability-model-including-cohort-and-u-s-2s2k7r24.png Table 2. Linear Probability Model including Cohort and U.S. Experience Controls https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-travel-and-differential-capabilities-and-3ttyv4sqh9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-case-study-of-urban-east-beijing-source-the-authors-uojfp201.png Figure 1. Case Study of Urban East Beijing (Source: the Authors) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-model-estimated-parameters-of-transport-and-social-7byck8p7.png Table 4. Model Estimated Parameters of Transport and Social Equity with Spatial Difference (MLR Resultsf) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-test-statistics-f-tests-for-differences-in-2bz8rqno.png Table 3. Summary Test Statistics (F tests) for Differences in Individual Transport-related Social Justice by Gender, Income, and Incumbent Population in East Beijing (n=2,127) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-plots-of-index-of-capabilities-for-gender-2itw1uj3.png Figure 2: Mean Plots of Index of Capabilities for Gender Difference https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptions-of-variables-1eawg96a.png Table 2. Descriptions of Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nussbaums-central-human-capabilities-and-application-19ace346.png Table 1. Nussbaum’s Central Human Capabilities and Application in Transport Planning https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-why-universal-service-obligations-may-be-3nwvry2zi7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-specifications-of-mean-number-of-isps-no-contiguous-27o5qdsi.png Table 4 Specifications of Mean Number of ISPs (No contiguous county information) (Asymptotic Standard Errors in Parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-isps-by-population-decile-19tpgalu.png Table 2 Number of ISPs by Population Decile https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-number-of-isps-in-county-by-type-1rv2ihmt.png Table 1 Summary Statistics - Number of ISPs in County by Type https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-for-3109-counties-in-continental-3dpvfdk8.png Table 3 Summary Statistics for 3109 Counties in Continental U.S. https://scispace.com/papers/underwater-hearing-in-the-great-cormorant-phalacrocorax-4jsm6d9kt9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-experimental-setup-1oxwhnrr.png Figure 3. Experimental setup. https://scispace.com/papers/underwater-multi-target-tracking-with-particle-filters-1ywxu94shi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rmse-after-1-5-km-of-forward-movement-with-1-asv-blue-1bv9egq0.png Fig. 4. RMSE after 1.5 km of forward movement, with 1 ASV (blue dot) and 9 targets (black triangles). A) using a PF algorithm to estimat each targtet position, and B) using a EKF estimator. The color degradation indicates a target’s estimation error that would be obtained if it was in such position. This representation has obtained throught the error of the 9 targets at their position and using a cubic interpolation over the whole grid map. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-filters-performance-under-different-noise-ranges-ohv0ylx4.png TABLE I. FILTERS PERFORMANCE UNDER DIFFERENT NOISE RANGES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rmse-and-its-std-for-each-target-after-25-of-tracking-1exvesy4.png Fig. 3. RMSE and its STD for each target after 25′ of tracking. These values have been obtained after 10 iterations with 2 m of Gaussian noise added at each range measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-range-based-multi-target-tracking-scenario-2rrpy8t8.png Fig. 1. Range based multi-target tracking scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-block-diagram-where-the-bank-of-pf-to-compute-mtt-is-i78tnsa2.png Fig. 2. Block diagram where the bank of PF to compute MTT is represented. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-avarage-of-the-9-targes-position-estimations-throuth-5znvpncc.png Fig. 5. Avarage of the 9 targes position estimations throuth the time using 3 different PF’s resampling strategies. Multimodal, Systematic, and Compound mehtods. Where 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 is the turn time instant where all targets changed its direction 90 degrees. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-time-required-to-obtain-a-slant-range-for-different-32rshpp3.png Fig. 8. Time required to obtain a slant range for different number of modems and different ranges between modems and the observer (in this case, at 100 m, 500 m, and 900 m). Solid lines represent the Q/A method, and discontinuous lines represent the TDMA method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-query-answer-comunication-protocol-between-observer-3duai04a.png Fig. 6. Query/answer comunication protocol between observer and target modems to obtain their slant range. https://scispace.com/papers/underwater-walking-intensity-is-modified-by-a-new-and-54k05t90xr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-aquatic-pants-closed-with-elastic-bands-at-the-1oqdhjp7.png Figure 1. Aquatic Pants Closed with Elastic Bands at the Ankles and at Waist https://scispace.com/papers/une-approche-hybride-pour-la-propagation-du-son-en-milieu-3pqc6e7aaq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-configuration-du-couplage-26n1nt6i.png Fig. 4. Configuration du couplage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schema-general-pour-letablissement-de-la-dmlm365s.png Fig. 1. Schéma général pour l’établissement de la représentation de G https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-geometrie-de-la-tranchee-1j943qfh.png Fig. 3. Géométrie de la tranchée. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-geometrie-de-lecran-en-t-3hoa1uqh.png Fig. 2. Géométrie de l’écran en T. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-attenuation-par-rapport-au-champ-libre-en-fonction-de-22wks1ad.png Fig. 5. Atténuation par rapport au champ libre en fonction de la distan la source pour une fréquence de 1000 Hz. Cas de l’écran en T (Fig. 2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-attenuation-par-rapport-au-champ-libre-en-fonction-de-21ffsaoe.png Fig. 6. Atténuation par rapport au champ libre en fonction de la distan la source pour une fréquence de 1000 Hz. Cas de la tranchée (Fig. 3) https://scispace.com/papers/une-intervention-breve-aupres-de-parents-adoptants-centree-2agh3sonec 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scores-moyens-du-sentiment-de-competence-parentale-au-fh0d09bd.png Fig. 2. Scores moyens du sentiment de compétence parentale au pré-test et au post-test chez la mère et le père pour l’échelle « discipline ». https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-moyennes-des-resultats-des-enfants-a-lasct-en-pre-test-3tw2zqh6.png Fig. 1. Moyennes des résultats des enfants à l’ASCT en pré-test et en post-test. https://scispace.com/papers/unemployment-and-endogenous-growth-nj90otg4yi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparative-static-results-free-entry-equilibrium-1ccgzg48.png Table 1. Comparative static results (free entry equilibrium) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-free-entry-equilibrium-versus-blocked-entry-g7est9d1.png Table 2. Free entry equilibrium versus blocked entry equilibrium https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1mhfe9ot.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-26ifpo9y.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/papers/unemployment-and-suicide-in-italy-evidence-of-a-long-run-1rlve6jiof 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-also-shows-that-the-growth-of-the-suicide-rate-ts-127u8ww4.png Table 3 also shows that the growth of the suicide rate tS has a strong persistence, i.e., it depends significantly on its past 1− tS (1% significance level), while the rate of growth of the long-term unemployment 1− tLTUR is only significant at 10%. The growth of the public unemployment spending 1− tEXPUN is not significant, but what is statistically relevant is its interaction with 1− tLTUR . In fact, the interaction term ( 1− tEXPUN * 1− tLTUR ) is significant at 1% significance level. Now the marginal effect of the growth of long-term unemployment on the growth of the suicide rate depends on the growth of the public unemployment spending in the following way https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-impulse-response-function-of-the-suicide-rate-to-a-1ipigy5t.png Figure 2: Impulse response function of the suicide rate to a one standard deviation shock in the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-suicide-rates-in-italy-years-1994-2015-b-2kiiqduu.png Figure. 1 –Suicide rates in Italy (years 1994-2015) (b) provisional datum. https://scispace.com/papers/unemployment-insurance-and-food-insecurity-among-people-who-weat9mgaqp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-main-difference-in-differences-estimates-of-the-3a8gl36p.png Table 3: Main difference-in-differences estimates of the relationship between unemployment insurance and outcomes of food insecurity and eating less (N=885) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ever-reporting-food-insecurity-or-eating-less-by-14r95w54.png Table 2: Ever reporting food insecurity or eating less by participant characteristics (N=885) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-household-characteristics-of-jt71et7a.png Table 1: Demographic and household characteristics of participants in sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-event-study-estimates-of-the-relationship-between-3s661z0y.png Figure 1. Event study estimates of the relationship between unemployment insurance and food insecurity and eating less https://scispace.com/papers/unemployment-insurance-in-chile-does-it-stabilize-the-cok6stm0pi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-simulation-results-for-several-tax-rates-th-0-2-and-5nzzv8v5.png Table 4: Simulation results for several tax rates (θ=0.2 and 2000 simulations) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fraction-of-the-population-in-the-four-potential-1kfzrob1.png Table 1 Fraction of the population in the four potential employment-access-to-capital markets situations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-business-cycle-statistics-standard-deviations-of-344kplfr.png Table 2: Business Cycle Statistics: standard deviations of Real GDP, Investment, Consumption, Labor. (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-simulation-results-for-various-tax-rates-th-0-1-and-2lnkqbst.png Table 3: Simulation results for various tax rates (θ=0.1 and 2000 simulations) https://scispace.com/papers/unequal-inequalities-do-progressive-taxes-reduce-income-1h373rjucb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-role-of-redistribution-1x4qxzad.png Table 4: Role of Redistribution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sample-composition-by-income-base-2kznf5jt.png Figure 2: Sample Composition by Income Base https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-description-of-variables-1h1u4z68.png Table 8: Description of Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-sample-composition-2vye138m.png Table 7: Sample Composition https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-progressivity-on-observed-income-1k3laerb.png Table 3: Effect of Progressivity on Observed Income Inequality: Alternative IVs https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-effect-of-progressivity-on-observed-income-2umq966a.png Table 9: Effect of Progressivity on Observed Income Inequality https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-global-trend-in-income-inequality-1981-2005-14tp3p9t.png Figure 1: Global Trend in Income Inequality, 1981-2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-differential-effect-of-progressivity-on-inequality-2mklqt87.png Table 6: Differential Effect of Progressivity on Inequality in Consumption and Observed Income https://scispace.com/papers/unequal-sphere-packing-model-for-the-structural-arrangement-4xt83y5jr3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plot-of-a-full-range-of-average-distance-between-a67292mf.png FIG. 5. Plot of a full range of average distance between adsorbate and substrate layers versus adsorbate intersphere distance for three typical structures: sÎ3 3 Î3dR30°, sÎ73 Î7dR19.1°, and s333d, due to different adsorbate sphere registry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-hexagonally-ordered-adsorbate-and-2gp43d3r.png FIG. 1. Illustration of the hexagonally ordered adsorbate and substrate containing spheres of different radii. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plot-of-minimum-average-height-between-the-adsorbate-5tgbd9a6.png FIG. 3. Plot of minimum average height between the adsorbate and substrate layers versus adsorbate intersphere distance with corresponding images of particular structures, generated byALSA software. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-transparent-mode-presentation-of-several-structures-2uarw99v.png FIG. 4. Transparent mode presentation of several structures obtained by unequal-sphere packing simulation characterized by dat presented in Table I. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-relevant-for-characterization-of-several-2ze1987z.png TABLE I. Parameters relevant for characterization of several structures selected from the graph on Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/papers/uneven-frequency-of-vibrio-alginolyticus-group-isolates-3ywq5uxi45 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-sampling-was-performed-in-july-2005-on-thirty-2kit8vf5.png Fig. 2 The sampling was performed in July, 2005, on thirty animals out of each examined population. Sterile transport swabs with Cary Blair medium (COPAN Diagnostics Inc.) were used to assure the survival of the strains during the transfer to laboratory (DeWitt et al., 1971). The samples were taken from immobilized iguanas, by inserting the swab about 5cm inside the cloacal orifice. The cloacal swabs were then transferred within a week to the Charles Darwin Station laboratory. Swabs were streaked onto both TCBS and MacConkey plates (Oxoid), which were inspected for growth after an overnight incubation at 25 °C and 35 °C, respectively. Among the colonies grown on TCBS, the large, healthy and fast growing ones were regarded as possible vibrios. One colony for each observed morphology on both the selective media was picked, checked for purity, inoculated in Wheaton vials filled with Cary Blair medium (Cary and Blair, 1964) and transferred to Italy. In Italy cultures were plated onto marine agar (Difco) and Trytpicase Soy Agar (Difco) respectively, and then stored in Skim milk 10% (Oxoid; Farmer and Hickman-Brenner, 2006) at -70 °C until the study took place. https://scispace.com/papers/uneven-domestic-knowledge-bases-and-the-success-of-foreign-2do69yu9v0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-for-bea-data-xyd1cvnm.png Table 2 Correlations for BEA data https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-in-usa-of-firms-from-more-developed-19dwswbf.png Table 3 Performance in USA of firms from more developed countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-size-of-foreign-companies-operating-in-the-usa-2kbn4kgb.png Table 1 Size of foreign companies operating in the USA relative to the level of development of the home country https://scispace.com/papers/unexpected-and-just-missed-the-separate-influence-of-the-dr77vlquhp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-table-of-correlations-between-the-effects-of-24tse7gm.png Table 3 Table of correlations between the effects of expectancy as well as the effects of proximity on the different dependent variables: the tendency to repair as measured by the percentage of choosing for a second chance (BH 2 nd ), the average bet placed after choosing for a second chance (BH bet), the self-reported tendency to choose a second chance (SR 2 nd ), the self-reported tendency to pass (SR pass), the self-reported bet (SR bet), and feelings of disappointment, frustration, and anger (all self-reported). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-overview-of-the-results-of-experiment-3-with-and-iqf3qosl.png Table 4 Overview of the results of Experiment 3 with and without repair trials. Columns labeled AAB, ABA/ABB, and ABC contain means (SDs) of the dependent variables on each trial type; columns labeled expectancy and proximity present the separate effects of expectancy and proximity (and the SDs of the effects); columns labeled “Diff” presents the p-value of the difference tests between expectancy and proximity, columns labeled “CorExpectancy” and “CorProximity” present the correlations between the effects of expectancy as well as the effects of proximity on the different dependent variables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-slot-machine-with-the-three-slots-upper-part-1nku3w6a.png Figure 1. The slot machine with the three slots (upper part), the three information boxes (middle part), and the three spin buttons (lower part). https://scispace.com/papers/unexpected-impacts-of-climate-change-on-alpine-vegetation-d19nqb45ha 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-changes-in-the-ecological-series-of-habitat-types-2cvssxil.png Table 1. Changes (%) in the ecological series of habitat types between 1953 and 2003 for various altitudinal ranges https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-snow-patterns-recorded-at-cancano-between-1978-and-1zeydu61.png Figure 2. Snow patterns recorded at Cancano between 1978 and 2003, with the daily snow depth measured at the ground (solid thick line) and its linear regression (solid light line), the total number of days with snow cover per year (black dots) and its linear regression (dashed line). Despite the high annual variability of the snow depth, the general pattern shown by the linear regression indicates a decrease in both snow depth and snow permanence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-climate-data-from-1950-to-2003-mean-annual-air-1kecxlso.png Figure 1. Climate data from 1950 to 2003: mean annual air temperature (˚C) at Silandro (elev 718 m asl; yellow) and Sils (elev 1798 m asl; green) and total annual precipitation (mm yr–1) from 1950 to 2003 at Silandro (red) and Sils (blue). The linear regressions (black dashed line for Silandro and solid black line for Sils) highlight the substantial increases in temperature recorded at the two sites. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-shrub-distribution-in-1953-in-the-stelvio-pass-35gbjw32.png Figure 4. (a) Shrub distribution in 1953 in the Stelvio Pass area (central Italian Alps). Brown = dwarf shrub association (Loiseleurietum–Cetrarietum); green = mosaic between the dwarf shrub association (Loiseleurietum–Cetrarietum) and the alpine grassland; blue = mosaic between the dwarf shrub association (Loiseleurietum–Cetrarietum) and the snowbeds; (b) Shrub distribution in 2003 in the Stelvio Pass area (central Italian Alps). Brown = dwarf shrub association (Loiseleurietum –Cetrarietum); green = mosaic between the dwarf shrub association (Loiseleurietum–Cetrarietum) and the alpine grassland; magenta = alpine shrub association (Rhodoreto– Vaccinietum). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-changes-in-coverage-type-between-1953-and-2003-in-27n7o4z1.png Figure 3. (a) Changes in coverage type between 1953 and 2003 in the Stelvio Pass area (central Italian Alps). Solid magenta = coverage decrease from continuous vegetation to bare ground; magenta stripes = coverage decrease from continuous to discontinuous vegetation; pale magenta = coverage decrease from discontinuous vegetation to bare ground; solid green = coverage increase from bare ground to continuous vegetation; green dots = coverage increase from bare ground to discontinuous vegetation; green stripes = coverage increase from discontinuous to continuous vegetation. (b) Changes in vegetation dynamics between 1953 and 2003 in the Stelvio Pass area (central Italian Alps). Magenta = shift toward early successional and/or pioneer stages of succession (ie from the climax alpine grassland Caricetum curvulae to the pioneer vegetation Oxyrietum digynae) and/or ingression of associations from higher altitudinal belts (ie from the alpine grassland to the alpine shrubland); green = shift toward late successional and/or climax stages (ie from pioneer vegetation to climax alpine grassland) and/or ingression of associations from lower altitudinal belts (ie from alpine shrubland to alpine grassland). https://scispace.com/papers/unexpected-listeria-monocytogenes-detection-with-a-4r3ninik9b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-routine-x-ray-at-six-months-gjuqs2sh.png Figure 2. Routine x-ray at six months https://scispace.com/papers/unfinished-business-at-the-urban-laboratory-paolo-soleri-2377wrxwfj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-school-of-architecture-inner-mongolia-university-of-2ixm9kvn.png Figure 8. School of Architecture, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China. (Source: Author, Monday 30 May, 2016). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-steetscape-xian-shaanxi-china-source-author-sunday-1u6odheh.png Figure 6. Steetscape, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China. (Source: Author, Sunday 29 May, 2016). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-bicycle-park-delft-railway-station-netherlands-2fi1nt5r.png Figure 7. Bicycle Park, Delft Railway Station, Netherlands. (Source: Author, Wednesday 11 May, 2016). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-arcosanti-5000-model-source-paolo-soleri-cosanti-292q1bpd.png Figure 11.Arcosanti 5000 model (Source: Paolo Soleri/Cosanti Foundation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-arcosanti-5000-model-completed-buildings-3mhe77xw.png Figure 13. Arcosanti 5000 model: completed buildings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-floodwaters-from-hurricane-katrina-fill-the-streets-2qku2l1k.png Figure 3. Floodwaters from Hurricane Katrina fill the streets near downtown New Orleans. (Source: AP/David J. Philip, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-arcosanti-5000-model-proposed-phased-development-46ipx6ei.png Figure 14. Arcosanti 5000 model: proposed phased development (Source: Paolo Soleri/Cosanti Foundation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-damage-caused-by-hurricane-near-downtown-new-1zpboar9.png Figure 5. Damage caused by Hurricane near downtown New Orleans. (Source: Newsweek, 2005). https://scispace.com/papers/unfolding-method-for-diffusion-process-in-a-rarefied-binary-1bxz7ltxe6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-sets-e-d-and-b-jxot4j3x.png Figure 3. The sets Ω∗ε,δ and B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-sets-e-and-le-2curkwy4.png Figure 2. The sets Ω, Ω̂ε and Λε. https://scispace.com/papers/unfolding-graph-transformation-systems-theory-and-5cbeuqa4uc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-petri-net-underlying-the-truncation-t-cp-in-fig-2-2aww63lh.png Fig. 3. The Petri net underlying the truncation T (CP) in Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-additional-rule-fork-left-and-petri-graph-over-1ax062zy.png Fig. 4. Additional rule [fork] (left) and Petri graph over-approximating the gts (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-truncation-t-cp-of-the-gts-in-fig-1-1e2ja7rz.png Fig. 2. The truncation T (CP) of the gts in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-finite-state-gts-cp-1k6fg5e2.png Fig. 1. The finite state gts CP. https://scispace.com/papers/uniaxial-strain-modulated-conductivity-in-manganite-gihi42g12n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-orbital-resolved-density-of-states-for-o-p8oacdcf.png FIG. 4. Color online Orbital-resolved density of states for O atoms positioned at different directions under uniaxial strain =−12% left panel . The black, red, and blue lines denote px, py, and pz orbitals of O atoms, respectively. Positive and negative values are for majority and minority, respectively. The Fermi energy is set to zero. d shows the spin-up band structure of SL under uniaxial strain =−12%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-orbital-resolved-density-of-states-for-mn-1ry3aybn.png FIG. 3. Color online Orbital-resolved density of states for Mn eg states with different uniaxial compressive strains. The blue and red lines stand for the d3z2−r2 and dx2−y2 orbitals, respectively. Positive and negative values are for majority and minority, respectively. The Fermi energy is set to zero. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-total-energy-as-a-function-of-the-18r1rdbp.png FIG. 2. Color online The total energy as a function of the uniaxial strain for the optimized superlattice with AFM and FM ordering, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-relaxed-ground-structures-of-lamno3-2-2kf6t7xw.png FIG. 1. Color online The relaxed ground structures of LaMnO3 2 SrMnO3 2 superlattice for a =0% with A-AFM magnetic ordering and b for =4% with FM ordering indicated by yellow arrows. Blue, green, purple, and red spheres denote La, Sr, Mn, and O atoms, respectively. The dashed lines show the MnO6 octahedrons. https://scispace.com/papers/unidirectional-control-of-optically-induced-spin-waves-3b0g3gd4pk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spatiotemporal-plot-of-the-spin-wave-intensity-when-244iu6vt.png Figure 3. Spatiotemporal plot of the spin-wave intensity when polarization helicity is reversed: (a) experimental and (b) calculated results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stripe-spacing-dependence-of-the-propagation-ratio-3jwd20ws.png Figure 4. Stripe spacing dependence of the propagation ratio. Squares (black open: experiment, blue filled: simulation) show propagation to the right. Circles (red open: experiment, green filled: simulation) show propagation to the left. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-numerical-results-of-spatial-spin-wave-manipulation-218toqne.png Figure 5. Numerical results of spatial spin-wave manipulation by a phased array (9-spot array). The graph (left) gives the initial phase distribution for the intensity plot (right) at 2 ns after the spin-wave generation. Green spots indicate positions of pump spots, and green arrows show the direction of the spin-wave propagation. (a) Same phase: propagation is perpendicular to the array, (b) Linear phase shift: propagation is tilted, (c) Parabolic phase shift: spin wave converges. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-setup-circularly-polarized-pump-pulses-1ls0epav.png Figure 1. Experimental setup: Circularly polarized pump pulses are focused onto two parallel stripes on the sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-and-numerical-results-of-spin-wave-150x525n.png Figure 2. Experimental and numerical results of spin-wave interference. The spatiotemporal plots present spatial position along the abscissa and time delay for spin-wave generation from the right stripe along the ordinate: (a) waveform of the propagated spin wave, (b) spin-wave intensity, and (c) calculated spin-wave intensity. The origin is set at the center of pump1. https://scispace.com/papers/uniaxial-deformation-of-open-cell-aluminum-foam-the-role-of-4dcc51fqbm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-aluminum-foam-produced-by-infiltrating-a-17pmr0f6.png Fig. 1. Structure of aluminum foam produced by infiltrating a packed bed of uniform salt grains (relative density of the foam¼ 0.20). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-nominal-tensile-stress-strain-curves-for-pure-al-foam-2cpm0gxb.png Fig. 8. Nominal tensile stress-strain curves for pure Al foam (sample A4) and Al–12Si foam (sample S1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-surface-of-a-strut-within-a-eutectic-al-12si-foam-2cd9fc9b.png Fig. 4. Surface of a strut within a eutectic Al–12Si foam deformed in compression, shown at high magnification to display ‘‘microfracture’’ of the Si second phase in the Al–12Si alloy that constitutes the foam https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tensile-fracture-surface-of-al-12si-foam-a-the-cross-3svv7etg.png Fig. 5. Tensile fracture surface of Al–12Si foam: (a) the cross-section of a strut that has fractured without substantial necking; (b) fracture of the silicon phase and the dimples in the surrounding aluminum–matrix (sample S1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tensile-fracture-surface-of-pure-al-foam-showing-a-3a4hav1e.png Fig. 3. Tensile fracture surface of pure Al foam, showing a strut that has necked to a point (sample A4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-structure-near-the-surface-of-compressed-pure-al-foam-29azzfl3.png Fig. 2. Structure near the surface of compressed pure Al foam showing deformed structural elements (relative density of the foam¼ 0.20). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-density-damage-and-failure-strain-of-aluminum-foams-r91e6hit.png Table 1 Density, damage and failure strain of aluminum foams tested in tension; n ¼ 0:26 for predictions of failure strain, Eq. (7) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-evolution-of-elastic-stiffness-during-tensile-1fo7u2j9.png Fig. 9. Evolution of elastic stiffness during tensile deformation for pure Al foam (sample A4) and Al–12Si foam (sample S1); the lines show the linear fit to the data. https://scispace.com/papers/unidirectional-flexibility-and-the-noun-verb-distinction-in-4zeboqkopi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bidirectional-lexical-class-distinction-vjuxa6mz.png Figure 2: Bidirectional lexical class distinction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-types-of-flexibility-2rdhlp7w.png Figure 10: Types of flexibility https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bidirectional-flexibility-38g75pfz.png Figure 3: Bidirectional flexibility https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-subjunctive-person-markers-brresnyt.png Figure 6: Subjunctive person-markers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-unidirectional-flexibility-3n17yf4t.png Figure 4: Unidirectional flexibility https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-possessive-subject-markers-3dnq081g.png Figure 7: Possessive subject-markers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-taxonomy-of-flexible-parts-of-speech-systems-1sidk3te.png Figure 1: Taxonomy of flexible parts-of-speech systems (adapted from Hengeveld 1992a) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-unidirectional-flexibility-between-nouns-and-verbs-352sm25i.png Figure 8: Unidirectional flexibility between nouns and verbs https://scispace.com/papers/unidirectional-molecular-motor-on-a-gold-surface-1za14gmwwj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-following-two-full-turns-by-cd-spectroscopy-1d14qz6e.png Figure 3 | Following two full turns by CD spectroscopy. Schematic representation of the unidirectional rotation of 1 (as viewed along the rotation axis) and two full four-stage 3608 rotary cycles followed by CD spectroscopy. The change in CD intensity (mdeg) at 290 nm (solid line) and 320 nm (dashed) at each photochemical (hnl.280 nm and hnl¼365 nm) and thermal (D353K) isomerization step is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cd-and-uv-spectra-of-1-au-and-2-cd-a-and-uv-vis-b-1jat588j.png Figure 2 | CD and UV spectra of 1-Au and 2. CD (a) and UV/Vis (b) spectra of pure (2 0R)-(M)-1-Au (solid black lines), PSS$280 nm (dashed black) and PSS365 nm (dotted black) samples (all spectra are adjusted for molar concentration of chromophores), and CD (a) and UV/Vis (b) spectrum of (2 0R)-(M)-2 (solid grey) in toluene. After heating of the PSS samples (T . 50 8C), the original spectra of (2 0R)-(M)-1-Au and (2 0R)-(M)-2 were obtained. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-molecular-motor-anchored-to-a-surface-a-design-of-a-1tl2n5qt.png Figure 1 | Molecular motor anchored to a surface. a, Design of a surface-bound rotary motor. The system consists of a rotor connected via an axle (axis of rotation) to a stator part that is bound to a gold surface via two legs. b, Structure of motor 1 for surface studies and 2, 3 for solution studies; 1-Au denotes motor molecule 1 assembled onto Au. R denotes absolute configuration at the stereogenic centre; M and P denote helicity of the molecule. c, The four-state unidirectional rotation of functionalized nanoparticle 1-Au is shown (hn, photochemical step; D, thermal step). The photoisomerizations were induced by irradiation at l $ 280 nm or l ¼ 365 nm. Meax indicates the pseudo-axial orientation of the methyl substituent, Meeq indicates the unstable pseudo-equatorial orientation of the methyl substituent. https://scispace.com/papers/unified-control-for-the-permanent-magnet-generator-and-3qubffbwk4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-8-model-of-pmg-and-rectifier-system-sv7nyhmw.png Figure 2-8 Model of PMG and rectifier system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-11-ipm-motor-terminal-inductance-variation-d8m6cnnp.png Figure 4-11 IPM motor terminal inductance variation according to the rotor position [7] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-12-modulation-index-changes-with-qrec-with-fixed-dc-2p0oukpo.png Figure 5-12 Modulation index changes with Qrec with fixed DC bus voltage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-27-simulation-waveforms-of-angle-pmg-terminal-3heggcnc.png Figure 3-27 Simulation waveforms of angle, PMG terminal voltage vab, dc bus voltage Vdc and ac current ia at 2/3 of the full speed in the PMG and active front-end rectifier system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-14-relationship-between-actual-and-estimated-21kv83jd.png Figure 3-14 Relationship between actual and estimated synchronous reference frames https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-5-switching-model-of-the-boost-rectifier-2dmadwca.png Figure 2-5 Switching model of the boost rectifier https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-9-schematic-of-voltage-controller-1wmnn4ot.png Figure 3-9 Schematic of voltage controller https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-6-equivalent-circuit-of-vsr-average-model-in-a-b-c-2b28303r.png Figure 2-6 Equivalent circuit of VSR average model in a-b-c coordinates https://scispace.com/papers/unified-quantum-theory-of-elastic-and-inelastic-atomic-otq4y6h2fn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-specular-inelastic-strengths-qi-0-by-sc-and-nsc-1mdf1w4g.png TABLE I. Specular inelastic strengths QI+0 by SC and NSC calculations. 4He atoms of energy Ei (in meV) are incident on monolayer Xe/Pt(111) with nearest-neighbor distance Lnn = 4.33 Å and scan-curve conditions (θSD = 95.8◦), creating phonons at wave vectors Q (in Å−1) and polarizations and scattering planes as noted; the angle of incidence θi varies with the scattering case but not with the temperature. SC(T ) values are calculated with NQ = 15. NSC values have an arbitrary but internally consistent normalization. NSC(T ) is evaluated using Eq. (A1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-final-specular-elastic-strengths-or-fractions-n0-as-a-1jax7cnd.png FIG. 1. Final specular elastic strengths (or fractions) N0 as a function of temperature T for two wave vectors Q and two polarizations SH and LA identified by the point symbols in the legend. The corresponding angles of incidence are given in Table I and Ref. [38]. The scattering plane is at 2.6◦ to the monolayer M azimuth. Energies Ei are identified as dashed line (green) 4 meV, solid line (red) 8.2 meV, and dotted line (blue) 16.6 meV. The straight line segments are linear interpolations that join points corresponding to the same scattering geometry as guides to the eye. The Brillouin zone was sampled with NQ = 15. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-specular-inelastic-strength-qi-0-of-the-sh-branch-of-26bfxvf8.png FIG. 3. Specular inelastic strength (QI+0 ) of the SH branch of Xe/Pt(111) for Ei = 8.2 meV and scattering plane at 2.6◦ to the monolayer M azimuth (Lnn = 4.33 Å, T = 50 K). The results of the SC and NSC approximations (including the phase space factor kf /kiz) are compared to data from the HAS experiment. [7] The three sets of data have been scaled to agree at Q = −0.25 Å−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-specular-inelastic-1-phonon-creation-strengths-qi-0-as-wbos3v2v.png FIG. 2. Specular inelastic 1-phonon creation strengths QI+0 as a function of temperature T for the cases treated in Fig. 1. QI+0 is plotted on a logarithmic scale. Identifications as in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-natural-logarithm-of-the-diffraction-strength-in-a-zgtbdmje.png FIG. 4. The natural logarithm of the diffraction strength in a channel ln I with the given G/G0 is shown for scattering of 63.77 meV He atoms at perpendicular incidence on a commensurate monolayer of xenon on graphite at 17 K. The dots show the experimental data of Bracco et al. [16], the diamonds are the results of our SC calculations, and the squares (NSC) are the results of a scaling of the Hutson and Schwartz [24] calculation to include the effect of lateral vibrations in the monolayer, using Eq. (A2). This presentation is a composite of diffraction peaks for six azimuths. https://scispace.com/papers/uniform-format-solid-feedstock-supply-system-a-commodity-10ylgswf86 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-advanced-uniform-format-feedstock-supply-system-16qm8rnk.png Figure 1. The Advanced Uniform-Format Feedstock Supply System (Advanced Uniform) design emulates the current grain commodity supply system, which manages crop diversity at the point of harvest and at the storage elevator (in this case, biomass depot), allowing subsequent supply system infrastructure to be similar for all biomass resources, and infrastructure-compatible with existing high-capacity grain handling equipment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-attributes-of-conventional-and-c5c3nxv4.png Table 1. Comparison of the attributes of Conventional and Uniform-Format feedstock supply systems.a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-estimated-progression-in-herbaceous-feedstock-2hevl5m6.png Figure 2. The estimated progression in herbaceous feedstock logistic costs moving from the Conventional Bale to the Uniform-Format supply system. https://scispace.com/papers/uniform-in-time-bounds-for-approximate-solutions-of-the-2huypv5bgk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-approximate-densities-in-case-1-for-c-1y0rujrb.png Figure 4: Evolution of approximate densities in Case 1, for C piecewise constant with ‖C‖∞ = 20. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evolution-of-approximate-densities-in-case-1-for-c-3iyp0kvg.png Figure 3: Evolution of approximate densities in Case 1, for C = 20. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-approximate-densities-in-case-1-for-c-n87hntd2.png Figure 2: Evolution of approximate densities in Case 1, for C = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-upper-and-lower-bounds-as-functions-of-c-in-case-1-33lkp3iq.png Figure 5: Upper and lower bounds as functions of ‖C‖∞ in Case 1, with C given by (61). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-upper-and-lower-bounds-as-functions-of-c-in-case-1-1z214hi0.png Figure 6: Upper and lower bounds as functions of ‖C‖∞ in Case 1, with C given by (62). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-upper-and-lower-bounds-as-functions-of-c-in-case-1-sty4wvy1.png Figure 8: Upper and lower bounds as functions of ‖C‖∞ in Case 1, with C given by (61) and λ2 = 10−4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-solutions-obtained-in-case-1-at-t-5-34uyg4cv.png Figure 7: Comparison of solutions obtained in Case 1 at T = 5 with C = 20 and λ2 = 1 or λ2 = 10−4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-upper-and-lower-bounds-as-functions-of-c-in-case-2-15xsmiwv.png Figure 10: Upper and lower bounds as functions of ‖C‖∞ in Case 2, with C given by (64). https://scispace.com/papers/uniformity-and-efficiency-in-insurance-regulation-dvfqekyrvk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-naic-revenues-and-expenses-simplified-and-selected-b55kogyr.png Table 2A: NAIC Revenues and Expenses (Simplified and Selected Years) (1999-2007) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-national-average-trending-of-the-cost-of-insurance-dhbwai5j.png Table 1: National Average Trending of the Cost of Insurance Regulation https://scispace.com/papers/unifying-principles-in-terrestrial-locomotion-do-hopping-3lqgj4df4p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mechanical-properties-of-crural-tendons-from-1y6pl7rc.png Figure 2. Mechanical properties of crural tendons from macropodid and potoroid marsupials as a function of body mass. Tangent Young’s modulus (top) and failure stress (bottom) for extensor digitorum longus (filled circles), plantaris (open triangles), and flexor digitorum profundus (filled squares). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diagrammatic-representation-of-a-macropodid-hind-27ycc1mn.png Figure 3. Diagrammatic representation of a macropodid hind limb at midstance where the ground reaction force (GRF) is vertical and acts at distance R from the ankle joint. The main tendons of the leg that balance the rotational moments at this joint have a moment arm of r (after Bennett and Taylor 1995). Vertical and anterior-posterior GRFs versus time for a kangaroo hopping at 6.8 m s21 are shown in the middle and lower panels, respectively (after Cavagna et al. 1977). A decelerating impulse (D) occurs in the first half of the ground contact phase, followed by an acceleration impulse (A). At midstance, the vertical GRF is maximal, and there is zero force in the anteriorposterior direction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-allometric-equations-describing-morphological-and-3ucbf4wy.png Table 1: Allometric equations describing morphological and biomechanical characteristics of the Macropodoidea and eutherian mammals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rate-of-oxygen-consumption-as-a-function-of-speed-1jbefu0w.png Figure 1. Rate of oxygen consumption as a function of speed for members of the Macropodoidea. Solid lines indicate the measured . Dotted lines are the predicted rates of oxygen consumption forV̇o2 individuals of the masses indicated based on 62 mammal and bird species (Taylor et al. 1982). Macropodoidea data: , ca.A p pademelon 4 kg, hopping (Warren 1979); , 3 kg, half bound (Bau-B p quokka dinette 1977); wallaby, 5 kg, half bound (Baudinette etC p tammar al. 1992); kangaroo, 18 kg, pentapedal gait (Dawson andD p red Taylor 1973); , 1.1 kg, hopping (Thompson et al. 1980);E p bettong , 1.1 kg, half bound (Baudinette et al. 1993);F p potoroo G p red kangaroo, 20.4 kg, hopping (Kram and Dawson 1998); H p wallaby, 5 kg, hopping (Baudinette et al. 1992); kan-tammar I p red garoo, 18 kg, hopping (Dawson and Taylor 1973). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-graph-on-logarithmic-axes-of-calculated-tendon-2uev54bw.png Figure 4. Graph on logarithmic axes of calculated tendon stress versus body mass for mammals. Least square regression lines are shown for six crural muscles from eight species of Macropodoidea and for ankle extensor muscles for eutherian mammals (after Pollock and Shadwick 1994a; Bennett and Taylor 1995). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-graphs-of-section-modulus-of-macropodid-tibiae-top-18kgexdq.png Figure 5. Graphs of section modulus of macropodid tibiae (top) and second moments of area of tibiae (bottom) from hopping marsupials (filled triangles) and bipedal (open circles) and quadrupedal (filled circles) placental mammals. Equations describing the least square regression lines follow and are reported in the form : sectionby p ax modulus (kangaroos); second moment of area3 1.04(mm ) p 16.9M (kangaroos), (bipeds), and4 1.52 1.42 1.28(mm ) p 30.7M 53.3M 17.8M (quadrupeds). mass (kg).M p body https://scispace.com/papers/unifying-multi-radio-communication-technologies-to-enable-2xvp54modl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-measurement-locations-in-north-south-direction-25eu7859.png Fig. 3. Measurement locations in North-South direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-multi-rat-tester-for-nb-iot-lorawan-performance-24cnitmy.png Fig. 1. Multi-RAT tester for NB-IoT & LoRaWAN performance evaluation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-key-parameters-of-lorawan-and-nb-iot-technologies-2pz2eht1.png TABLE I KEY PARAMETERS OF LORAWAN AND NB-IOT TECHNOLOGIES. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-measurement-locations-in-east-west-direction-ndnv9n1k.png Fig. 2. Measurement locations in East-West direction. https://scispace.com/papers/unifying-paradigms-of-quantum-refrigeration-fundamental-uw7an7ornm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cooling-vs-the-work-cost-for-different-number-of-28tw75to.png FIG. 5. Cooling vs the work cost for different number of repetitions of incoherent operations. Each curve is parametrized by the temperature of the hot bath, TH . EC , E , and TR are all set to 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-scenario-2-coherent-operations-in-the-regime-of-1brmeov3.png FIG. 6. Scenario 2, coherent operations, in the regime of repeated operations. Each cycle comprises the steps of (1) the environment reset of the machine and (2) cooling. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-cycle-of-steps-corresponding-to-algorithmic-1c9tn5hm.png FIG. 13. The cycle of steps corresponding to algorithmic cooling. Steps 1 and 3 thermalize qubit B to the environment. Step 2 is the precooling of qubit C by a swap with B. Step 4 is the cooling of the target qubit via the usual coherent operation. In the case of optimizing algorithmic cooling w.r.t. the work cost (see Appendix L 1), Step 2 is replaced by a partial rather than full swap. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-parametric-plot-of-the-relative-temperature-of-the-xy001gmf.png FIG. 3. Parametric plot of the relative temperature of the target qubit TTR as a function of its work cost F for EC = 0.4 and TR = 1. The red solid curve corresponds to scenario 1 (incoherent operations), the blue dashed, to scenario 2 (coherent operations). When the cooling is maximal (i.e., the work cost is unrestricted), scenario 2 always outperforms scenario 1, T ∗coh < T ∗ inc and F ∗ coh < F ∗inc. However, below a critical work cost Fcrit, scenario 1 always outperforms scenario 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scenario-1-repeated-incoherent-operations-each-cycle-3datr9rj.png FIG. 4. Scenario 1, repeated incoherent operations. Each cycle comprises the steps of (1) the environment reset of qubit B and resource input into qubit C and (2) the cooling unitary operation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-lowest-achievable-temperature-t-and-associated-free-1932233m.png FIG. 9. Lowest achievable temperature T ∗ and associated free energy change of the resource F ∗ for different cooling paradigms and machine sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-the-important-properties-of-both-3ncfceh4.png TABLE I. Summary of the important properties of both paradigms. Complexity means the number of components the machine is allowed to have. Each component is in principle allowed to be a qudit of arbitrary dimension. In the limit of infinitely many ancillas the single-cycle incoherent paradigm becomes the thermal operations (TOs) used in the resource theory of thermodynamics (RTT) and in the single-cycle coherent paradigm one is allowed to apply any CPTP map to the target. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-fcrit-is-plotted-as-a-function-of-tr-for-various-1vtkw34p.png FIG. 10. Fcrit is plotted as a function of TR for various fixed EC . https://scispace.com/papers/unilateral-climate-policy-can-opec-resolve-the-leakage-3as8d5rhkr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effects-on-the-crude-oil-price-crude-oil-supply-in-3en9bfou.png Figure 2: Effects on the crude oil price, crude oil supply in OPEC and Non-OPEC, and crude oil demand in EU and Non-EU in the BTA scenario (% from BaU) for the five alternative assumptions on OPEC behaviour https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-4-cost-shares-2vqzkyom.png Table A.4: Cost shares https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effects-on-the-crude-oil-price-crude-oil-supply-in-2aapmq9i.png Figure 1: Effects on the crude oil price, crude oil supply in OPEC and Non-OPEC, and crude oil demand in EU and Non-EU in the TAX scenario (% from BaU) for the five alternative assumptions on OPEC behaviour https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-6-endowments-and-emissions-coefficients-ogeiutqx.png Table A.6: Endowments and emissions coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-5-elasticities-ls2wqe8b.png Table A.5: Elasticities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-global-adjustment-costs-under-tax-and-bta-for-the-ofkkqhn6.png Figure 5: Global adjustment costs under TAX and BTA for the five alternative assumptions on OPEC behaviour (% from BaU) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fuel-specific-leakage-rates-under-tax-and-bta-for-2cxhjxfg.png Figure 4: Fuel-specific leakage rates under TAX and BTA for the five alternative OPEC behaviours (%). * https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-sectors-and-regions-1byuhma3.png Table 1: Model sectors and regions https://scispace.com/papers/unilateral-once-daily-milking-locally-induces-differential-2p4djlthm2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-continued-22l8fob1.png Table 4.—Continued https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-detection-of-cell-proliferation-in-cow-mammary-tissue-3lrv9s0u.png Fig. 3. Detection of cell proliferation in cow mammary tissue from ODM or TDM udder halves (n 6). The mammary tissue sections from TDM (A and C) or ODM (B and D) udder halves were stained simultaneously with 4=,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (A and B) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody (C and D). The micrographs present the sections obtained in udder halves from 1 representative cow (magnification 200). The percentages of cells in proliferation were evaluated in each case (E). The ODM udder halves displayed a significantly lower level of proliferation than TDM halves, as confirmed by Student’s t-test after log transformation (*P 0.04). Data are presented as least-square means SE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-number-of-transcripts-upregulated-white-boxes-or-16sojcio.png Fig. 1. Number of transcripts upregulated (white boxes) or downregulated (black boxes) in once daily milked (ODM) vs. twice daily milked (TDM) udder halves in each ontological category of the major molecular functions. The ontology was determined with Ingenuity Systems software. https://scispace.com/papers/unintended-consequences-the-eu-memory-framework-and-the-2pt8bc60k4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-eu-memory-framework-2ygce422.png Table 1. The EU memory framework. https://scispace.com/papers/union-threat-and-non-union-employment-a-natural-experiment-38abbz9mjr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimates-from-a-linear-model-for-the-probability-of-1dl9cq5n.png Table 4: Estimates from a linear model for the probability of increasing employment in rms with 16 to 20 employees https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimates-from-a-linear-model-for-the-probability-of-1hyak9dg.png Table 3: Estimates from a linear model for the probability of decreasing employment in rms with 21 to 25 employees https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-control-and-treated-group-before-treatment-de-ned-1jm038o2.png Table 1: Control and Treated group before treatment, de ned using the level of employment (WERS 1998) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-control-and-treated-group-after-treatment-dened-97ln2hcm.png Table 2: Control and Treated group after treatment, dened using the level of employment (WERS 2004) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-estimates-from-a-linear-probability-model-for-the-2qteak5h.png Table 8: Estimates from a linear probability model for the probability of any agency workers in the workplace. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-estimates-from-a-linear-probability-model-for-the-2pfdk40c.png Table 7: Estimates from a linear probability model for the probability of any xed-term workers in the workplace. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimates-from-a-linear-probability-model-for-the-30w2auoi.png Table 6: Estimates from a linear probability model for the probability of any agency workers workers in the workplace. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimates-from-a-linear-probability-model-for-the-3rtuwr8m.png Table 5: Estimates from a linear probability model for the probability of any xed-term workers in the workplace. https://scispace.com/papers/unique-emulsions-based-on-biotechnically-produced-4v5lxcry7c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-storage-moduli-g0-s-1-4-0-5-pa-of-an-emulsion-with-0-3847g3b9.png Fig. 11 Storage moduli G0 (s ¼ 0.5 Pa) of an emulsion with 0.5% HPB and F ¼ 0.65 dodecane before and after heating for 5 min at 92 C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-storage-moduli-g0-pa-against-frequency-hz-measured-at-qevzbg1n.png Fig. 8 Storage moduli G0 (Pa) against frequency (Hz) measured at s ¼ 0.05 Pa for emulsions prepared with various amounts of glycerol after 1 day. Sample composition: aqueous phase: 1% HPB and 0–60% glycerol; oil F ¼ 0.2 dodecane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-computer-tomography-of-a-homogeneous-protein-emulsion-1437mnws.png Fig. 9 Computer tomography of a homogeneous protein emulsion. The emulsion contained 0.5% HPB and 60% glycerol in the aqueous phase and F ¼ 0.6 dodecane, pH 6. The average droplet diameter is 50 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-storage-moduli-g0-s-1-4-0-5-pa-of-emulsions-prepared-1us9wa5s.png Fig. 10 Storage moduli G0 (s ¼ 0.5 Pa) of emulsions prepared from flocculated protein. Final concentrations: 0.5% HPB without and with flocculation agent (3.4 mMHCl, 2.5 mM CaCl2 and 3.5 mM CTAB) and a mass ratio F of 0.65 dodecane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plot-of-ph-stars-and-surface-tension-g-circles-of-1-6zn1ibut.png Fig. 3 Plot of pH (stars) and surface tension g (circles) of 1%HPA (IEP: 5.65) solutions against HCl concentration (mM). The shaded area indicates the HCl concentrations where HPA shows strong flocculation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-dependent-surface-tension-profile-for-hpa-squares-17wbl3a1.png Fig. 2 Time-dependent surface tension profile for HPA (squares) and HPB (triangles). Plotted are the surface tensions g for very short drop formation times (filled symbols: 1 s ml 1) as well as for very long drop formation times (open symbols: 43 s ml 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-droplet-size-mm-of-emulsions-8jl1udss.png Table 1 Comparison of the droplet size (mm) of emulsions prepared at different mixing rates. Emulsion concentrations: 1% HPB and F ¼ 0.65 dodecane https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-storage-modulus-g0-s-1-4-0-5-pa-of-emulsions-prepared-3djbn5vc.png Fig. 12 Storage modulus G0 (s ¼ 0.5 Pa) of emulsions prepared with different mixing aids. Final concentrations: 1 wt% HPB and F ¼ 0.65 dodecane. https://scispace.com/papers/unions-work-related-training-and-wages-evidence-for-british-53ild0jf0y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-annual-growth-of-hourly-wages-equations-2-and-3-28dlyg3r.png Table 5. Annual Growth of Hourly Wages – Equations (2) and (3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-testable-predictions-of-various-hypotheses-2l8sczz7.png Table 1. Testable Predictions of Various Hypotheses https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-log-hourly-wage-estimates-1ntga5q8.png Table 4. Log Hourly Wage Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-training-in-the-current-job-and-wages-by-union-2fk6ke9h.png Table 2. Training in the Current Job and Wages by Union Coverage, 1991-96 https://scispace.com/papers/unique-patterns-of-cd8-t-cell-mediated-organ-damage-in-the-3ne5qzj6c1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-uw27jv9q.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2hi2dv1v.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2vsup1uz.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-330fnxcq.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-3h1n4h5n.png Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1k0mduqu.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/papers/uniqueness-regime-for-markov-dynamics-on-quantum-lattice-3nx0yqi7wd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-sample-diagram-for-n-7-the-vertical-lines-2uxe8ioo.png Figure 1. (a) Sample diagram for n = 7: the vertical lines indicate perturbations V(Γi) acting on Γi at time ti, the horizontal zig-zag lines indicate the sets within En. https://scispace.com/papers/unit-commitment-in-achieving-low-carbon-smart-grid-3z01sobdsx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-optimized-power-allocation-on-supply-side-3jxa1li6.png Fig. 2. Optimized power allocation on supply side. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-comparison-of-optimized-objectives-66rmtcp5.png Fig. 4. The comparison of optimized objectives. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-optimized-power-allocation-in-vpp-3qhmxp9h.png Fig. 3. Optimized power allocation in VPP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-possible-scheduling-solutions-at-4-h-18gre4zl.png Fig. 1. Example of possible scheduling solutions at 4 h. https://scispace.com/papers/unique-sleep-stage-transitions-determined-by-obstructive-v5d4fz6phs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-groups-and-sleep-data-mean-controls-mild-1id6z1lf.png Table 1. Clinical groups and sleep data (mean). Controls Mild OSA Moderate OSA Severe OSA Number 105 209 222 272 Age (years) 43.6 47.4 49.7 51.6 BMI (kg/m2) 26.7 27.5 29.1 31.5 Gender* (males/females) 64/41 156/53 175/47 239/33 AHI (#/h) 2.4 9.6 22.4 51.1 TST (min) 381.9 389.1 378.7 379.0 SE (% TST) 87.4 87.7 85.5 85.9 N1 (% TST) 6.8 7.2 8.2 10.4 N2 (% TST) 51.0 49.8 50.6 55.2 N3 (% TST) 21.0 21.8 20.8 16.3 REM (% TST) 21.3 21.3 20.4 18.1 WASO (min) 54.4 54.6 64.4 61.6 NASO 19.8 21.2 23.5 26.7 TRANS 79.8 84.9 93.9 103.7 ESS 9.1 9.3 9.3 9.8 https://scispace.com/papers/unitary-pole-approximation-for-the-coulomb-plus-yamaguchi-gef49v2gtw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spectator-functions-for-the-ground-state-of-f-fig-4-g9h6tjz6.png FIG. 3. Spectator functions for the ground state of "F. FIG. 4. Spectator functions for the lowest 0+ state of "F. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-we-show-the-radial-function-3t65u24p.png Fig. 1 we show the radial function https://scispace.com/papers/united-in-opposition-the-populist-radical-right-s-eu-2uqydf3pgm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-contextual-background-of-the-prr-in-five-countries-iubor9gd.png Table 1. Contextual background of the PRR in five countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overall-orientation-of-the-party-leadership-towards-20s1khv8.png Figure 1. Overall orientation of the party leadership towards European integration https://scispace.com/papers/united-states-state-level-variation-in-the-use-of-neuraxial-mqxeyam9uz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-characteristics-andmeasures-of-association-1tvfacrf.png Table 1. Patient Characteristics andMeasures of Association Between Individual and Hospital Characteristics and Neuraxial Labor Analgesia Use (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measures-of-variation-and-clustering-in-neuraxial-2e6iyxoy.png Table 2. Measures of Variation and Clustering in Neuraxial Labor Analgesia Use in the United States in 2015 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measures-of-association-between-patient-wawczok5.png Table 3. Measures of Association Between Patient Characteristics, AnesthesiaWorkforceMeasures, and Neuraxial Labor Analgesia Use Stratified by DeliveryMode in the United States in 2015 (continued) https://scispace.com/papers/unitary-quantum-perceptron-as-efficient-universal-1osnmiuf3o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-quantum-perceptron-as-a-qubit-that-excites-3rzedpmm.png FIG. 1. (a) Quantum perceptron as a qubit that excites coherently according to (1) with a probability Pj = 1 2 (1 + 〈σ̂zj 〉) = f(xj) that grows nonlinearly with the activation potential xj . (b) When this perceptron is integrated in a feed-forward neural network, the potential depends on neurons in earlier layers, e.g. x6 = ∑4 k=1 w6,kσ̂ z k + θ6. https://scispace.com/papers/units-and-constituency-in-prosodic-analysis-a-quantitative-131dqtmuny 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fitting-of-the-1-displaced-hyper-poisson-2dy492xy.png Table 1. Fitting of the 1-displaced hyper-Poisson distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fitting-of-the-1-displaced-dacey-poisson-333xxqci.png Table 2. Fitting of the 1-displaced Dacey-Poisson distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fitting-of-the-menzerath-altmann-equation-2hiitfe4.png Table 3. Fitting of the Menzerath-Altmann equation. https://scispace.com/papers/universal-adversarial-attacks-on-spoken-language-assessment-3saghri08e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-performance-of-sections-a-e-graders-2y0ljdww.png Table 1: Baseline Performance of, sections A-E, graders. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-transferability-of-k-word-attack-phrase-found-for-2d383gw3.png Figure 1: Transferability of k-word attack phrase found for the Neural model trained on L-Bus, section C https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-baseline-performance-on-section-c-of-the-text-based-22b0wi1q.png Table 2: Baseline performance (on section C) of the text-based GP and Neural graders. ± indicates the standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-detection-evasion-attacks-on-the-neural-grader-12ueij16.png Table 4: Detection evasion attacks on the Neural grader https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-impact-of-the-6-word-neural-adversarial-attack-neur-1iigwwvk.png Table 3: Impact of the 6 word Neural adversarial attack NEUR-adv or GP adversarial attack GP-adv on different graders https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-precision-recall-curves-for-different-detection-2d5g03r1.png Figure 2: Precision-Recall curves for different detection approaches for the Neural assessment system with 6 NEUR-adv words https://scispace.com/papers/universal-adversarial-attacks-on-text-classifiers-515mzgx197 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-accuracy-of-lstm-trained-on-the-sentiment-stanford-1d4bi9ub.png Fig. 2. Accuracy of LSTM trained on the Sentiment Stanford Treebank, when words are inserted at the beginning of inputs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-illustration-of-how-our-algorithm-projects-the-bglop3cu.png Fig. 1. An illustration of how our algorithm projects the gradient in the embedding space. At first, the gradient is applied to the current word vector (e) and then among word vectors in the vocabulary (orange balls), the nearest one (e′) is chosen to be projected to. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-accuracy-vs-location-of-insertion-of-m-adversarial-13aiv39w.png Table 3. Accuracy vs location of insertion of m adversarial words for bi-LSTM trained on AG news dataset. https://scispace.com/papers/universal-basic-services-a-theoretical-and-moral-framework-4zfnufrmu1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-linking-needs-and-provisioning-systems-the-potential-wilowirm.png Table 1. Linking needs and provisioning systems: The potential components of UBS https://scispace.com/papers/universal-central-control-of-home-appliances-as-an-expanding-1e1mk9dxy1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-devices-present-in-the-system-for-the-central-control-3db28wkw.png Fig. 2 Devices present in the system for the central control of the appliances. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-inner-connection-of-the-ir-receiver-tsop-31238-12-2ket328p.png Fig. 3 The inner connection of the IR receiver TSoP 31238 [12].. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-diagram-of-the-transfers-between-individual-pages-of-1rcyznwm.png Fig. 4 Diagram of the transfers between individual pages of the application. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-competing-solutions-33-35-18t0tsy9.png TABLE 1. COMPARISON OF COMPETING SOLUTIONS [33-35] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-finished-prototype-of-the-central-point-12v011jg.png Fig. 5 The finished prototype of the central point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-commercial-device-enabling-the-central-control-of-ir-3gt44p40.png Fig. 1 Commercial device enabling the central control of IR appliances. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-proposal-pcb-of-ir-module-with-separated-4xvu9ay2.png Fig. 6 The proposal PCB of IR module with separated transmitting part. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-web-application-is-responsive-and-adjusting-its-eftqs4ta.png Fig. 7 Web application is responsive and adjusting its settings according to the type of device used. https://scispace.com/papers/universal-compact-model-for-organic-solar-cell-23oti9mput 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-classical-four-element-equivalent-circuit-model-for-vzi9ieib.png Fig. 1. (a) Classical four-element equivalent circuit model for solar cell, with diode, current source (Jph), shunt resistance (Rp ), and series resistance (Rs ). (b) Representation of the proposed compact model as a circuit. The device labeled “2 regimes” represents the sub-VON and above-VON regimes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-extracted-parameter-values-3spzy9lc.png TABLE II EXTRACTED PARAMETER VALUES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-three-regimes-in-dark-j-v-curve-off-exponential-sub-4ut7yc2d.png Fig. 2. (a) Three regimes in dark J –V curve: OFF, exponential sub-VON, and power-law above-VON . (b) Behavior of J ′sub function; it follows Jsub if Jsub is lower than the defined parameter Jtr , and it rapidly converges to Jtr when Jsub becomes higher than Jtr . Red plots (line and scatter): experimental dark J –V data (the same data of Section III). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-structure-of-the-osc-device-used-in-the-presentation-1yfvddqt.png Fig. 3. (a) Structure of the OSC device used in the presentation of the parameter extraction method. (b) Extraction of the parameter Rp with a linear fit (black dotted line) in the OFF regime in dark. Red scatter plot: experimental data. (c) Extraction of VON and γ with a linear fit to H function. (d) Current density as a function of (V –VON)γ to obtain A. (e) Extraction of Rp and Jph with a linear fit in the OFF regime under light. (f) Extraction of parameters in Jsub1 and Jsub2 by plotting J − JOFF + Jph in semilog scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-j-v-curve-red-scatters-compared-with-the-34udjur5.png Fig. 4. Experimental J –V curve (red scatters) compared with the proposed compact model (black line) (a) in dark, in semilog scale, (b) in dark, in linear scale, (c) under light, in semilog scale, and (d) under light, in linear scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-extracted-parameter-values-jbrreklk.png TABLE I EXTRACTED PARAMETER VALUES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematized-1-d-distributed-resistance-model-external-3pf2yauh.png Fig. 5. Schematized 1-D distributed resistance model. External resistance is represented by Rext , and R indicates the distributed resistance in TCO. Rectangles represent ideal solar cell devices with only intrinsic resistance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-the-resistivity-of-tco-in-devices-with-20t3l08f.png Fig. 6. Effect of the resistivity of TCO in devices with different length L , calculated with 1-D distributed resistance model, with the experimental data as the initial J (V ) function (red curve). (a) J –V curves. (b) J –V curves without photocurrent and OFF-regime current. (c) 1-D profile of the voltage applied to the device as a function of the position and (d) that of the current density. https://scispace.com/papers/universal-conductance-fluctuations-and-localization-effects-2vnnxaug10 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-conductance-g-of-sample-b-12-as-a-3bfdn9n4.png FIG. 6. Color online Conductance G of sample B-12 as a function of gate voltage for various temperatures. FIG. 7. Color online a Normalized conductance fluctuations averaged https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-a-magnetoconductance-of-sample-a-8-at-0-8-1iys8soo.png FIG. 8. Color online a Magnetoconductance of sample A-8 at 0.8 K at a gate voltage of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 V, respectively. b Correction of the magnetoconductance G of sample A-8 averaged over different gate voltages at 0.8 K, 1.0 K and 4.0 K, respectively. Here, the zero field conductance was subtracted from the total conductance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-a-and-b-magnetoconductance-g-of-samples-b-3lcnrrf0.png FIG. 9. Color online a and b Magnetoconductance G of samples B-6, B-10, and B-12 after subtracting the zero field conductance at a temperature of 2 K and at 30 K, respectively. c G vs B of sample B-6 after averaging over different gate voltages. The full line shows the fit to the experimental data. d var G in units of e2 /h of the gate voltage dependent fluctuations as a function of B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-scanning-electron-beam-micrograph-of-3qlip482.png FIG. 1. Color online a Scanning electron beam micrograph of sample B-6 with six InN wires connected in parallel and b detail of a contacted InN nanowire. c Schematic illustration of a contacted nanowire. The Si substrate used as a back-gate electrode is isolated from the nanowire by a 100 nm thick SiO2 layer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-sample-dimensions-and-characteristic-parameters-1v3vg84c.png TABLE I. Sample dimensions and characteristic parameters: growth run, number of wires connected in parallel, average wire length L̄, average wire diameter d̄, total resistance R at 1 K including the contact resistance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-normalized-average-amplitude-of-the-v837mw6l.png FIG. 3. Color online a Normalized average amplitude of the conductance fluctuations G / Ḡ as a function of temperature for sample A-1 green dots and sample A-8 red triangle , respectively. Also shown are the average fluctuation amplitude calculated using Eq. 2 open symbols , with l determined from the correlation field. The full lines show the fitted exponential decrease in G / Ḡ. b Correlation field Bc as a function of temperature of sample A-1 and A-8, respectively. c Phase-coherence length l extracted from Bc. The dashed line corresponds to the thermal length lT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-conductance-fluctuations-in-units-of-e2-3p4uvy4n.png FIG. 2. Color online a Conductance fluctuations in units of e2 /h for a single wire sample A-1 at various temperatures in the range from 0.8 to 30 K. b Corresponding measurements for a sample with eight wires connected in parallel sample A-8 . c Comparison of the conductance fluctuations G / Ḡ of samples A-1 and A-8 at 0.8 K. The curve of sample A-8 was shifted by 0.03. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-conductance-fluctuations-normalized-to-e2-3jt61k8d.png FIG. 4. Color online Conductance fluctuations normalized to e2 /h at various temperatures of 0.4, 3, 10, and 30 K for samples with different numbers of wires connected in parallel: a sample B-1, b B-6, c B-10, and d B-12. Color scale plot of the conductance fluctuations G of sample B-10 as function of magnetic field and temperature. G was determined by subtracting the slowly varying background conductance. https://scispace.com/papers/universal-design-of-information-sharing-tools-for-disaster-2757u537ya 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-wcag-2-0-aa-problems-for-information-submission-page-366n8fa1.png Table 6. WCAG 2.0 AA Problems for Information Submission page (AChecker) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-wcag-2-0-aa-problems-for-main-page-achecker-2nl76jpy.png Table 7. WCAG 2.0 AA Problems for Main page (AChecker) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-wcag-2-0-aa-known-problems-for-information-qphd4adq.png Table 4. WCAG 2.0 AA Known Problems for Information Submission page (AChecker) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-wcag-2-0-aa-known-problems-for-main-page-achecker-2bnply1u.png Table 3. WCAG 2.0 AA Known Problems for Main page (AChecker) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-wcag-2-0-aa-likely-problems-for-main-page-achecker-16od0j09.png Table 5. WCAG 2.0 AA Likely Problems for Main page (AChecker) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-wcag-2-0-aa-problems-for-information-submission-page-1ru299wz.png Table 8. WCAG 2.0 AA Problems for Information Submission page (AChecker) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overall-results-main-page-achecker-23nfdqbr.png Table 1. Overall Results Main page (AChecker) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overall-results-information-submission-page-achecker-jsbfy9tt.png Table 2. Overall Results Information Submission page (AChecker) https://scispace.com/papers/universal-properties-of-penetrative-turbulent-rayleigh-b-46n4nxr7kk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-details-of-the-3d-simulations-the-columns-from-left-2cknazsm.png TABLE II. Details of the 3D simulations. The columns from left to right indicate the Rayleigh number Ra, the Prandtl number Pr, the density inversion parameter θm, aspect ratio , grid resolutions Nx × Ny × Nz, Nusselt number Nu, Reynolds number Re, central temperature θc, and the time tavg used to average Nu and Re. “Conductive” means that the flow is in a conductive state without any fluid motions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-critical-rayleigh-number-for-the-onset-of-6yoo02ln.png TABLE III. Critical Rayleigh number for the onset of convection in an infinite layer of cold water, with no-slip top and bottom boundary conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-absolute-and-normalized-nusselt-and-reynolds-numbers-3jtdud32.png FIG. 4. Absolute and normalized Nusselt and Reynolds numbers as function of the density inversion parameter θm for different Ra: (a) absolute Nusselt number Nu, (b) normalized Nusselt number Nu(θm )/Nu(0), (c) absolute Reynolds number Re, (d) normalized Reynolds number Re(θm )/Re(0). Normalization was carried out using the corresponding values for θm = 0. The black line in panel (b) shows the theoretical model, Eq. (6), and the lines in panels (a) and (c) are used to guide the eye. Panels (a), (c), and (d) share the same legend as that in panel (b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-continued-1f51pc1m.png TABLE I. (Continued.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dependence-of-the-critical-rayleigh-number-rac-for-the-3pggtvk3.png FIG. 6. Dependence of the critical Rayleigh number Rac for the onset of convection on aspect ratio in a 2D domain with no-slip BCs at the plates and periodic BCs at the side walls, for θm = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-critical-rayleigh-number-for-the-onset-of-18brwc3c.png TABLE VII. Critical Rayleigh number for the onset of convection in cold water for θm = 0 (the temperature at the top equals the temperature of the density anomaly), in a 2D domain with no-slip top and bottom BCs and periodic BCs at the side walls. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-evolution-of-the-reynolds-number-ratio-rez-rex-15qs7wwx.png FIG. 5. Time evolution of the Reynolds number ratio Rez/Rex for Ra = 1010 with (a) θm = 0.93, (b) θm = 0.945, and (c) θm = 0.955. Instantaneous temperature fields for θm = 0.945 and θm = 0.955 at different times denoted by dashed lines in panels (b) and (c): (d) θm = 0.945, t/t f = 1.5 × 105, (e) θm = 0.945, t/t f = 1.8 × 105, (f) θm = 0.955, t/t f = 1.1 × 105, and (g) θm = 0.955, t/t f = 2.4 × 105. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-instantaneous-temperature-fields-for-different-thm-in-39kd41f9.png FIG. 1. Instantaneous temperature fields for different θm in (a–c) 2D DNS for Ra = 1010 and = 2 and (d–f) 3D DNS for Ra = 107 and = 4: (a) θm = 0.5, (b) θm = 0.9, (c) θm = 0.965, (d) θm = 0.3, (e) θm = 0.7, and (f) θm = 0.87. https://scispace.com/papers/universal-hardware-and-software-system-of-signal-converting-3sikmz9gam 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-adc-delsig-configuration-window-2qnt6qz0.png Figure 12. ADC DelSig Configuration Window https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-pga-configuration-window-3ptp63l0.png Figure 11. PGA Configuration Window https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-mixer-configuration-window-2xeu72nb.png Figure 10. Mixer configuration window https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-generalized-representation-of-the-actuator-sensor-3q5314kw.png Figure 1. Generalized representation of the «actuator-sensor» system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-amux-multiplexer-configuration-window-3aw3pp4u.png Figure 14. AMux Multiplexer Configuration Window https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-adc-sar-configuration-window-3pyd5r84.png Figure 13. ADC SAR Configuration Window https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-result-of-impedance-sensor-signal-measurement-1m9mhuf9.png Figure 21. Result of impedance sensor signal measurement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-the-result-of-the-nyquist-diagram-measurement-3ko0jxar.png Figure 22. The result of the Nyquist diagram measurement https://scispace.com/papers/universal-scaling-relations-in-strongly-anisotropic-8w95e2qifk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phase-diagram-and-rg-flows-for-the-3d-qnlsm-1-and-2d-1uao1ize.png FIG. 1. Phase diagram and RG flows for the 3D QNLSM ( 1) and 2D QNLSM ( 0) after Ref. [13]. Conjectured phase diagram and RG flow for the anisotropic 3D QNLSM (1> > 0). The shaded regions have long-range Néel order. The figure for 1> > 0 shows a two-dimensional slice of the threedimensional RG flow, as ~ is changing under this flow. https://scispace.com/papers/universal-reconfiguration-of-facet-connected-modular-robots-2kwxbsau5l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-three-forbidden-patterns-for-facet-connected-39chgr2m.png Figure 4 The three forbidden patterns for facet-connected pivoting squares; solid squares represent modules, and ×-ed squares represent empty spaces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-a-rigid-configuration-of-edge-connected-1qct41yk.png Figure 3 Left: a rigid configuration of edge-connected pivoting squares. Right: A configuration that can be reconfigured into a strip, in spite of containing instances of the three forbidden patterns. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-rigid-configuration-that-requires-the-addition-of-ddb8xddi.png Figure 7 A rigid configuration that requires the addition of five musketeer modules for bridging. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-top-3x-3-square-s-in-its-initial-position-s0-the-1yv0y1gf.png Figure 6 Top: 3× 3 square S in its initial position s0. The outer thick line indicates the path traversed by the center of S. Dots correspond to the center positions where S is adjacent to a boundary edge. Bottom: the rectangular union R of S centered at sk and at sk−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-ways-a-module-a-starting-above-module-s-can-gp06kzyz.png Figure 1 Two ways a module a starting above module s can move to the adjacent lattice position, above module s′. Left: sliding. Right: pivoting. Pivoting requires more free space to execute. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-robot-configuration-in-gray-and-its-associated-1a6az3md.png Figure 5 A robot configuration (in gray) and its associated outer shell (striped in pink). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-possible-sets-of-moves-for-a-pivoting-module-a-wipc5bs6.png Figure 2 The possible sets of moves for a pivoting module a about a module s, in a square grid. https://scispace.com/papers/universal-teleportation-with-a-twist-2cngzghcec 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-representation-depicting-how-both-31dtxgo7.png FIG. 1. A schematic representation depicting how both teleportation and dense coding use an entangled resource and classical communication. Time runs vertically and space horizontally. A single line represents a quantum state sent over a quantum (noiseless) channel (Q), a double line represents classical information sent over an ordinary classical communication channel (C). In dense coding the quantum and classical channels are interchanged from that for teleportation. It is already well known that the steps in each protocol converting quantum to classical information (mediated by shared entanglement) involve common Bell state measurements. In this paper, we have furthermore shown that those steps converting classical to quantum information (mediated by shared entanglement) also operate on a common principle: one maximally entangled state may be converted to any other by one-sided (local) operations. https://scispace.com/papers/universal-time-control-of-akr-earth-is-a-spin-modulated-2em4l39l1l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-global-akr-variation-a-f-t-diagrams-of-akr-from-14-1kigodzp.png Figure 5. Global AKR variation. (a) f-t diagrams of AKR from 14 to 20 April 2001. (b) Magnetic latitude of GEOTAIL during the period of AKR observation. The frequency variation pattern is global with an in-phase relationship between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-universal-frequency-variation-of-continuous-akr-a-f-2546r89j.png Figure 6. Universal frequency variation of continuous AKR. (a) f-t diagram from 21 to 23 April 2006 with frequency variation with form sin ot. (b) Trajectory of GEOTAIL during the period in X-Y plane of GSE coordinates. While the spacecraft moved from the nightside magnetosphere to the dayside magnetosheath, AKR spectral variation retained a constant form, indicating that AKR frequency variation is not apparent but global. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-two-satellite-observations-of-akr-from-equatorial-nfdfb8m2.png Figure 7. Two satellite observations of AKR from equatorial (GEOTAIL) and northern high latitudes (IMAGE). (a) AKR spectrogram observed from the northern high latitude on 11 November 2000. (b) Same as Figure 7a but from the equatorial region. Continuous AKR showed in-phase frequency variation with the form sin ot between the northern high latitude and the equator. (c) AKR spectrogram observed from the northern high latitude on 11 June 2002. (d) Same as Figure 7c but from the equatorial region. Continuous AKR observed in northern summer showed in-phase frequency variation with the form sin ot between the northern high latitude and the equator. Note that spectral axes of IMAGE observation in Figures 7a and 7c are displayed in logarithmic scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-transient-akr-and-continuous-akr-a-the-o5t7ftei.png Figure 2. Example of transient AKR and continuous AKR. (a) The 24 h f-t diagram of AKR on 3 December 1995 observed by GEOTAIL. GEOTAIL was located in the middle magnetosphere (r = 22.1RE to 29.3RE) around the magnetic local midnight (MLT= 22.3–0.7 h). The white arrows show transient AKR. The yellow dotted rectangle shows continuous AKR. (b) AU and AL indices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-relationship-between-frequency-variation-of-v8xv7gsu.png Figure 8. Relationship between frequency variation of continuous AKR and magnetospheric configuration. (a) Configuration of the magnetospheric magnetic field line of 66 invariant latitude at the midnight meridian on 26 January 1993. Field lines are traced by using the Tsyganenko 89 magnetic field model. (b) Apex height (in units of the Earth radius) of the field line of 66 invariant latitude with respect to universal time (UT) on 26 January 1993. (c) f-t diagram of AKR on the same day. (d) Same as Figure 8a but on 24 July 1993, almost half a year later. (e) Same as Figure 8b but on 24 July 1993. (f) Same as Figure 8c but on 24 July 1993. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-universal-time-variation-of-akr-frequency-and-chmrnoov.png Figure 3. Universal time variation of AKR frequency and observation geometry. (a) Schematic illustration of AKR observation by GEOTAIL. AKR radiated from the polar magnetosphere with cone shape directivity is detected by GEOTAIL in the nightside magnetosphere. Plasmas in the inner and tail plasma sheet are connected to the M-I coupling region in the polar magnetosphere. (b) f-t diagrams of AKR from 80 to 800 kHz for five successive days (26–30 January 1993). sin (ot+ θ) curves are overlaid on each f-t diagram as a fitted trend of daily frequency variation of the continuous AKR. Black portions on 28 and 29 January indicate the lack of observations due to the satellite operation. (c) The geometrical relationship between the spin axis and the geomagnetic axis at 05:00 UT and 17:00 UT. (d) Superposed daily f-t diagram for January 1993. Right vertical axis shows the estimated source altitude of AKR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-radial-dependence-of-plasma-parameters-in-the-2g36cnxe.png Figure 9. Radial dependence of plasma parameters in the plasma sheet from 8RE to 20RE. (a) Electron and ion density. (b) Ion temperature for perpendicular and parallel components. (c) Electron temperature for perpendicular and parallel components. (d) Temperature anisotropy for ions and electrons. (e) Configuration of magnetic field and plasma sheet. Magnetic fields connected to the M-I coupling region periodically sweep a certain range (blue arrow) of plasma sheet as the Earth rotates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-seasonal-variation-of-akr-spectra-each-panel-shows-39rwbnws.png Figure 4. Seasonal variation of AKR spectra. Each panel shows monthly superposed epoch analysis of f-t diagrams in a frequency range of 100–800 kHz, during the period when GEOTAIL was in the nightside magnetosphere (XGSM< 30RE, MLT of 21–03 h) in 1993. Frequency variation of <AKR is fitted by sin (ot + θ) (blue curve) for winter and sin (ot + θ) (yellow curve) for summer. https://scispace.com/papers/universality-and-predictability-in-molecular-quantitative-q1r0ng2sqp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolutionary-modes-and-inference-of-selection-for-306al9ec.png Figure 2: Evolutionary modes and inference of selection for quantitative traits. The figure shows the universal divergence-diversity ratio Ω, as defined in eq. (2), for a quantitative trait evolving in a single-peak fitness land- or seascape. This ratio is plotted as a function of evolutionary time τ . Neutral evolution: The function Ω(τ) reaches the saturation value Ω0 = 1 for large times (grey curve). Conservation: This function has a smaller saturation value Ωstab, which is reached faster than for neutral evolution (red curve). Adaptation: There is a linear surplus Ωad(τ), which measures the amount of adaptation (blue curve). This behavior can be used to infer selection, as detailed in Box 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conservation-and-adaptation-of-quantitative-traits-28s1179t.png Figure 1: Conservation and adaptation of quantitative traits (schematic). (a) Evolution under stabilizing selection. Upper panel: The distribution of trait values E in a population (gray filled curves) evolves in a fitness landscape f(E) (thin red curves) with a time-independent optimum trait value E∗. The trait divergence D(τ) = (Γ(t+ τ)− Γ(t))2 over a macro-evolutionary period τ results from reproductive fluctuations (genetic drift) of the trait mean Γ around the optimum E∗. Lower three planes: The theory of this process describes an ensemble of populations; the evolution of the trait mean (black curves) around the fixed optimum (red lines) is shown for three individual populations from this ensemble. These populations differ in their realizations of genetic drift. (b) Adaptive evolution. Upper panel: The trait distribution evolves in a fitness seascape f(E, t) with a time-dependent optimum value E∗(t). The trait divergence D(τ) results from adaptive changes of the trait mean Γ, which follow displacements of the fitness peak E∗(t), as well as from genetic drift of Γ. Lower three planes: In a stochastic fitness seascape, individual populations from the ensemble differ in their realizations of peak displacements (red curves) and of genetic drift. https://scispace.com/papers/universality-limits-of-a-reproducing-kernel-for-a-half-line-6gide3ikn9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-dxcwti1v.png Figure 3.1: https://scispace.com/papers/universality-of-zipf-s-law-37djo0woh4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-an-example-of-the-behavior-of-the-3v1eautb.png FIG. 1. Color online An example of the behavior of the normalized entropy for a multiplicative stochastic process exhibiting Zipf’s law. Here, we use the model described in 23 using a 80 80 lattice where each node is described by a density of population i , j . The rules of the model are very simple: i At every time step, each node loses a fraction of its contents, which is distributed among its four nearest neighbors. ii At time t+1 the local population is multiplied, with probability p, by a factor p−1. Furthermore, with probability 1− p, the population of a node is set to zero. Additionally, at each step a random number is added to every node. In this way, we avoid falling into an absorbing state =0. Here we use 0 0.01, =1 /4, and p=3 /4. This is an extremely simplified and yet successful model of urban population dynamics. A snapshot for t=500 is shown in a where we can appreciate the wide range of local densities, following Zipf’s law b . If we plot the evolution of the normalized entropy over time averaged over 102 replicas we observe a convergence toward a stationary value 0.65. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-normalized-entropies-of-five-power-law-distributed-zr06evrr.png FIG. 2. Normalized entropies of five power-law distributed systems of different size as functions of the exponent. The curves display 5 different sizes. n=500 000 black circles, n=10 000 white circles, n=10 000 up triangles, n=1000 squares and n=100 down triangles, respectively. The most interesting feature of the numerical computations is the sharp decay of the normalized entropy when the values of the exponent are close to 1, which implies that a wide range of normalized entropies are obtained by tuning the exponent of the power-law distribution around unity. Furthermore, we observe that the decay is sharper as the size of the system grows, concentrating an increasing range of relative entropies near the exponent 1 gray area . https://scispace.com/papers/universe-interactive-static-displays-with-active-components-1azxjoj4us 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-color-filter-wheel-activity-showing-multi-wavelength-2i7z4wjx.png Fig. 3. A color filter wheel activity showing multi-wavelength emission from the Crab Nebula. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-solar-image-matching-activity-adapted-for-display-28kmzvdg.png Fig. 2. A solar image matching activity adapted for display. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-x-ray-image-left-of-the-suns-corona-and-a-white-up64mia2.png Fig. 1. An x-ray image (left) of the Sun’s corona and a white light image (right) of the photosphere taken simultaneously by instruments on the Yohkoh solar satellite in 1992. https://scispace.com/papers/university-food-gardens-a-unifying-place-for-higher-45qvtyrqwg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-successful-gardens-key-factors-ensuring-garden-3mc5qutk.png Table 6. Successful Gardens: Key Factors Ensuring Garden Viability https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-obstacles-encountered-by-gardens-1zcuo07d.png Table 5. Obstacles Encountered by Gardens https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-campus-food-gardens-as-sustainability-innovations-in-2m1t3oy7.png Table 9: Campus Food Gardens as Sustainability Innovations in Higher Education https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-benefits-provided-by-campus-gardens-3l3qf0g6.png Table 4. Benefits Provided by Campus Gardens https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-garden-food-distribution-and-advertising-14yvgucu.png Table 2. Garden Food Distribution and Advertising https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-garden-goals-and-participation-3l859vo4.png Table 3. Garden Goals and Participation https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-stars-rating-and-perceived-future-viability-of-g51r2trj.png Table 8. STARS Rating and Perceived Future Viability of Garden https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-failing-gardens-conditions-causing-uncertainty-about-2j3iyfxb.png Table 7. Failing Gardens: Conditions Causing Uncertainty about Future Viability https://scispace.com/papers/university-community-based-survey-on-the-knowledge-attitude-3tcb9tpdks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sociodemographic-data-of-members-of-staff-of-the-rpw34zcb.png Table 1 Sociodemographic data of members of staff of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-association-between-respondents-demographic-15r1klis.png Table 4 Association between respondents’ demographic characteristics and knowledge about COVID19 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-demographic-characteristics-of-respondents-and-their-3q0usshm.png Table 3 Demographic characteristics of respondents and their knowledge and attitude score https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-association-between-selected-respondents-demographic-1phmpvjq.png Table 5 Association between selected respondents’ demographic profiles and social, financial and mental impact due to COVID-19 pandemic https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-different-sources-of-information-and-respondents-1nlktrgx.png Table 2 Different sources of information and respondents’ knowledge responses to COVID-19 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-the-federal-university-of-agriculture-2z93njwm.png Figure 1: Map of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria https://scispace.com/papers/university-foodservices-potential-for-providing-4j96iv4u1m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-factor-narratives-3f46y36j.png Figure 2 Factor narratives. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sociodemographic-characteristics-of-university-1hg3ccfc.png Table 2 Sociodemographic characteristics of university foodservice staff included in the phase two survey https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-scores-from-survey-showing-agreement-with-narratives-cbgxtk50.png Table 3 Scores from survey showing agreement with narratives by factor group https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sociodemographic-data-of-the-q-sort-participants-n-2frgsn77.png Table 1 Sociodemographic data of the Q-sort participants (n = 36): Gender, type of foodservice and job role https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-q-set-statements-by-grid-position-participants-3a4bqukz.png Figure 1 Q set statements by grid position. Participants ranked statements on an 11-point scale where +4 or 5 represent ‘strongly agree’ and −4 or 5 represent ‘strongly disagree’. 0 represents a neutral ranking of the statement (‘neither disagree nor agree’). A centroid factor analysis was used to analyse the factor analysis and a Varimax rotation of the factors to find one factor individuals identified with. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-continued-125rzqbn.png Figure 1 Q set statements by grid position. Participants ranked statements on an 11-point scale where +4 or 5 represent ‘strongly agree’ and −4 or 5 represent ‘strongly disagree’. 0 represents a neutral ranking of the statement (‘neither disagree nor agree’). A centroid factor analysis was used to analyse the factor analysis and a Varimax rotation of the factors to find one factor individuals identified with. https://scispace.com/papers/university-rankings-what-do-they-really-show-1p9qktj8mw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dimensions-of-selected-media-rankings-a-for-the-uk-1kx7jhtw.png Table 1: Dimensions of selected media rankings a) for the UK and b) internationally https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-radar-plot-of-two-heis-2du7vmyk.png Figure 1: Radar plot of two HEIs https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-groupings-of-universities-produced-by-the-peeling-wdgo85nn.png Table 6: Groupings of universities produced by the peeling approach applied to data from The Complete University Guide 2015-16 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-mean-minimum-and-maximum-values-of-the-indicators-2k5p8o70.png Table 7: Mean, minimum and maximum values of the indicators for each tier https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-plot-of-heis-rank-versus-score-g1nqr95z.png Figure 3: A plot of HEIs’ rank versus score https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rank-correlations-of-10-indicators-from-the-complete-1peckw7r.png Table 2: Rank correlations of 10 indicators from The Complete University Guide 2018 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-weightings-used-to-produce-an-overall-performance-1klwxz8l.png Table 3: Weightings used to produce an overall performance indicator in The Complete University Guide 2018 and rank correlation between the overall ranking and its components https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-weightings-for-the-10-principal-components-pc-1q055da0.png Table 4: Weightings for the 10 principal components (PC) associated with The Complete University Guide 2018 data https://scispace.com/papers/unknown-input-observer-design-for-motorcycle-lateral-3wtd8y5l05 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-rmse-results-for-the-estimation-of-the-roll-angle-32atcvv7.png TABLE IV RMSE RESULTS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF THE ROLL ANGLE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-traffic-scenario-of3km-left-centerline-elevation-1wk0fe2x.png Fig. 11. A traffic scenario of3km. Left: centerline elevation. Right: centerline trajectory https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-a-traffic-scenario-of3km-in-blue-nonlinear-multibody-34t0l3ai.png Fig. 12. A traffic scenario of3km. In blue: nonlinear multibody roll angle, in red: estimation of the roll angle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-traffic-scenario-of3km-in-blue-nonlinear-multibody-yya4refw.png Fig. 13. A traffic scenario of3km. In blue: nonlinear multibody lateral forces, in red: estimation of the lateral fo ces https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-double-lane-change-at100km-h-in-blue-nonlinear-mhvmqvu2.png Fig. 6. Double lane change at100km/h. In blue: nonlinear multibody model, in red: estimation results with the false longitudinal velocity vx = 90km/h. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-motorcycle-dynamics-variables-pssnex85.png TABLE I MOTORCYCLE DYNAMICS VARIABLES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-double-lane-change-at100km-h-in-blue-nonlinear-1xcnddcn.png Fig. 7. Double lane change at100km/h. In blue: nonlinear multibody model with vehicle’s mass increased by17% and caster angle decreased by10%, in red: estimation results https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-normalized-error-for-a-double-lane-change-and-2ztgf9gq.png TABLE III NORMALIZED ERROR FOR A DOUBLE LANE CHANGE AND DIFFERENT ROAD ADHERENCE PROFILES. (A) β = 0.85, (B) β VARIES FROM1 TO 0.7, (C) β VARIES FROM0.7 TO 0.4 https://scispace.com/papers/university-youth-as-social-protagonist-in-latin-america-ho2q9ls4em 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-28pqk61r.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/unloading-the-hired-gun-inoculation-effects-in-expert-252jgfju3k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-ratings-of-expert-knowledge-across-inoculation-ubaom00c.png Figure 9 Ratings of Expert Knowledge Across Inoculation Conditions in a Criminal Context https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ratings-of-the-expert-as-unbiased-across-response-32hva39p.png Figure 5 Ratings of the Expert as Unbiased Across Response Conditions in a Civil Context https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-means-and-standard-deviations-of-ratings-of-criminal-1jt7anmv.png Table 4 Means (and Standard Deviations) of Ratings of Criminal Vignettes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-ratings-of-the-hgq-compared-across-civil-and-1idolbsd.png Figure 10 Ratings of the HGQ Compared Across Civil and Criminal Contexts https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-pearson-correlation-coefficients-between-hgq-wcs-and-37a2jiag.png Table 9 Pearson correlation coefficients between HGQ, WCS, and Case Outcome for Study 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-pearson-correlation-coefficients-between-hgq-wcs-and-1cdu3tnx.png Table 7 Pearson correlation coefficients between HGQ, WCS, and Case Outcome for Study 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-proposed-model-showing-the-mediation-of-response-as97uxj9.png Figure 3 Proposed Model Showing the Mediation of Response Style on Ratings Expert Credibility by Ratings of the Expert as Unbiased https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proposed-model-showing-the-mediation-of-response-6cb2elkd.png Figure 2 Proposed Model Showing the Mediation of Response Style on Juror Decisions by Ratings of Expert Credibility https://scispace.com/papers/unliganded-estrogen-receptor-a-activates-transcription-of-pmn0xwsmtt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-transient-and-stable-expression-of-era-in-mda-mb-231-2ynefqtj.png Fig. 3. Transient and stable expression of ERa in MDA-MB-231 cells leads to a higher basal expression of NIS in a ligand-independent manner. (A) MDA-MB-231 cells were transiently transfected with a plasmid vector expressing ERa under control of the CMV promoter [lanes pCMVERa(+)] in sf-DMEM. Forty-eight hours later cells were treated with 10 nM E2 (3 h), 1 lM tRA (12 h), or 10 nM E2 together with 1 lM tRA (12 h). Then, cells were harvested, divided to two, and one-half was used for extracting total proteins, and the other half was used for RNA extractions. ERa expression status in transfected cells was compared with those in MCF-7 cells by immunoblots using anti-human-ERa specific antibodies. Calnexin expression was used as a loading control. NIS and pS2 expressions in transfected cells and in MCF-7 cells in response to ligand treatments were assessed by RT-PCR. The ERa-responsive pS2 gene was used to monitor functionality of E2 and ERa. GAPDH expression was used to monitor the efficiency of the RT-PCR method, as an internal control. (B) MDA-MB-231 cells stably transfected with hERa expressing vector (named MDA-66), as well as untransfected cells were cultured in sf-DMEM in presence of 10 nM E2, 1 lM tRA, or both ligands. Then, they were harvested, and cell pellets were collected for immunoblot analysis and RT-PCR analysis (B). Total proteins were extracted from pellets obtained from ligand treated (as indicated with ‘‘+’’ signs on each lane) and untreated cells, then electrophoresed and blotted to immunoblot membrane. Subsequently, the membrane was treated with anti-human-ERa, anti-human-RARa, and anti-human-calnexin antibodies, respectively. Calnexin expression was used as loading control. (C) Total RNA was extracted from pellets collected as above, and total cDNA was prepared and submitted to the RT-PCR analysis using NIS, pS2, and GAPDH gene specific primers. GAPDH expression was used as an internal control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-direct-functional-interaction-between-era-and-the-nis-194iritf.png Fig. 5. Direct functional interaction between ERa and the NIS ERE sequence. (A) MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-66 cells were transiently transfected with reporter vectors (pGL3 based) containing the luciferase gene under control of E1b TATA element and two tandem repeats of either pS2 gene ERE sequence (pPS2XERE) or NIS gene ERE sequence (pNIS2XERE). Transfected cells were treated either with 10 nM E2 (3 h) or with vehicle (ethanol; 10 ll in 10 ml culture medium). Then, luciferase activities were measured, and they were corrected using Renilla (phRLTK) transfection efficiency control. Fold induction was calculated by normalizing luciferase values with those obtained from the empty vector. Data represent the average of four independent experiments. (B) MCF-7 cells grown in sf-DMEM and treated with 10 nM E2 were used for ChIP analysis using ERa specific antibody. DNA isolated from immunocomplexes was used as a template for PCR amplification using NIS promoter specific primers (indicated as long arrows in Fig. 4A), or unrelated intronic primers corresponding to NF1 gene exon 22. Lanes: input, the input DNA used for ChIP analysis; ERa, estrogen receptor-a precipitated DNA; FGFR-1, fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 precipitated DNA; No-Ab, DNA precipitated with protein A–Sepharose beads only (background control); and ( ), negative PCR without template DNA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-era-positivity-in-mammary-gland-cell-lines-is-2p7lbeci.png Fig. 1. ERa positivity in mammary gland cell lines is correlated with tRA-responsive NIS expression. (A) Immunoblot analysis of ERa and RARa expression in a variety of mammary gland cell lines, as indicated on top of each lane. Cells were grown in reg-DMEM, total proteins were extracted, and electrophoresed samples were blotted using anti-human-ERa antibody and anti-human-RARa antibody, respectively. Calnexin expression was also monitored with a similar method, and it was used as a gel loading control. (B) RT-PCR analysis of pS2 expression in cell lines grown in reg-DMEM in the absence of E2 or tRA. cDNA was prepared using total RNA isolated from cell lines. Then pS2 and GAPDH specific primers are used in PCR experiments, and accumulation of corresponding gene products was visualized. pS2 is a gene under control of ERa, and its expression was considered as an indicator of ERa activity. (C) Cell lines grown either in the presence (+) or absence ( ) of 1lM tRA were collected, and tRA-responsive NIS gene expression was monitored by RT-PCR as described in (B). Amplification of GAPDH gene cDNA was used as an internal control both in (B) and in (C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-suppression-of-era-by-shrna-downregulates-nis-y3az1ezn.png Fig. 2. Suppression of ERa by shRNA downregulates NIS expression in MCF-7 cells. MCF-7 cells were transfected either with empty vector pSR, with pSR-ER-458, or with pSR-ER499. Following a double selection procedure based on Geneticin (0.5 mg/ml) resistance and EGFP expression, clones were isolated and further analyzed. (A) A representative Western blot result showing the effect of sh-ER458 on the levels of ERa in four individual clones compared to an empty vector clone pSR-2. Clones 458-12 and 458-13 showed significant ERa suppression and were selected for tRA induction. (B) Clones 458-12 and 458-13 were grown in regDMEM and treated with 1lM tRA or with DMSO (5 ll in 10 ml culture medium) for 12 h. After RNA isolation, cDNA was prepared using 2 lg total RNA and subsequently used as a template for semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis using NIS specific primers. Data represent the fold induction (average of four independent experiments) of NIS in 458-12 and 458-13 clones normalized to GAPDH control, and relative to the empty vector pSR. https://scispace.com/papers/unmet-mental-health-and-substance-use-treatment-needs-among-1pq9mu7kvy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-3f5b0t5d.png TABLE 1 (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-homeless-adults-aged-50-k5ys95u5.png TABLE 1 (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-unmet-need-for-outpatient-mental-health-treatment-3ul3kg6q.png TABLE 4 Unmet need for outpatient mental health treatment among those with mental health problems, n = 195a,b https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-factors-associated-with-unmet-need-for-substance-use-18az5oqi.png TABLE 5 Factors associated with unmet need for substance use treatment among those with substance use problems, n = 254a,b https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mental-health-and-substance-use-problems-n-350-2h8qd087.png TABLE 2 Mental health and substance use problems (n = 350) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-receipt-of-mental-health-and-substance-use-treatment-36v85jt9.png TABLE 3 Receipt of mental health and substance use treatment in the past 6 months https://scispace.com/papers/unmotivated-bias-and-partisan-hostility-empirical-evidence-25f6wt5s40 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-analysis-of-h2-b-and-h2-c-dependent-variable-fd-2nhdo0ze.png Table 4: Analysis of H2.B and H2.C (Dependent Variable = FD) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-analysis-of-h2-a-dependent-variable-fd-7i7pkwdl.png Table 3: Analysis of H2.A (Dependent Variable = FD) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ideology-demographic-and-partisanship-adjusted-2amcojse.png Figure 1: Ideology, demographic, and partisanship-adjusted changes in out- and in-party favorability ratings versus 1980, with linear trends. Each data point is an estimated year fixed effect (with omitted year 1980) from regression of dependent variable of in- or outparty thermometer ratings (0-100; 0 = “coldest” and 100 = “warmest”; the standard measure of feelings about the parties used in this literature) with fixed effect controls for 7-point party identity and 7-point ideology (to control for party sorting), age, education, income, race, gender, and region, for American National Election Studies cumulative file data from presidential election years from 1980-2016. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analysis-of-h1-a-h1-b-and-h1-c-3rltn7ao.png Table 2: Analysis of H1.A, H1.B, and H1.C https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-analysis-of-h2-d-1hpx0m4x.png Table 5: Analysis of H2.D https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-smooth-local-polynomial-plot-of-op-x-axis-vs-fd-y-2k7slv8c.png Figure 3: Smooth local polynomial plot of OP (x-axis) vs FD (y-axis). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kernel-densities-of-party-favorability-ratings-173buxxh.png Figure 2: Kernel densities of party favorability ratings. https://scispace.com/papers/unoriented-d-brane-instantons-tjgfbk4dda 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chiral-matter-field-content-indices-i-1-2-u-1-5-run-32qtlp8u.png Table 1 Chiral matter field content. Indices i = 1, 2, u = 1, ..5 run over the fundamentals of the SU(2) flavor and SU(5) gauge groups. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-quiver-diagrams-for-a-c3-z3-and-b-c3-z5-the-dashed-1vz9eytc.png Fig. 1 The quiver diagrams for (a) C3/Z3 and (b) C3/Z5. The dashed lines represent the unoriented projection. https://scispace.com/papers/unpacking-the-concept-of-competence-for-effective-4fn71zewy8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-indicators-per-dimension-of-the-scientific-3sj2dyun.png Table 3. Indicators per dimension of the scientific competence. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-competences-according-to-deseco-2-2aykejea.png Table 1. Key competences according to DeSeCo [2] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-major-frameworks-for-the-definition-of-3sfyzb56.png Table 2. Comparison of major frameworks for the definition of key competences. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-two-levels-of-educational-planning-general-1uggtem8.png Figure 4. The two levels of educational planning - general policies and specific classroom arrangements - have difficulties in getting together for realizing competence-based teaching. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-functional-definition-of-competence-2q1vimkg.png Figure 1. A functional definition of competence. https://scispace.com/papers/unpacking-the-relationship-between-science-education-and-1638vs9pmy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lsd-post-hoc-comparisons-between-science-3atvk2f5.png Table 2 LSD post hoc comparisons between science coursetaking groups https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-relationship-between-course-taking-and-perceived-oxn34jhs.png Fig. 3 The relationship between course-taking and perceived knowledge attainment ability https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-actions-across-general-education-level-1madjqky.png Fig. 1 Actions across general education level https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-actions-across-science-course-taking-levels-fwkra511.png Fig. 2 Actions across science course-taking levels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-relationship-between-course-taking-and-perceived-347d0xrw.png Fig. 4 The relationship between course-taking and perceived knowledge attainment https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sidak-adjusted-post-hoc-tests-between-education-31350ba6.png Table 1 Sidak adjusted post-hoc tests between education level groups https://scispace.com/papers/unpacking-the-identity-to-politics-link-the-effects-of-1v4bte0r0f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-respondents-per-immigrant-group-and-28m9kcmb.png Table 1. Number of Respondents per Immigrant Group and Country https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hypotheses-how-social-identification-relates-to-128wxidc.png Figure 1. Hypotheses: How social identification relates to politics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-binary-logistic-regression-factors-that-influence-7zak2kf6.png Table 2. Binary Logistic Regression: Factors That Influence Voting Probability https://scispace.com/papers/unprecedented-herbivory-threatens-rear-edge-populations-of-3q44iyon1i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ams-radiocarbon-dates-from-the-sedimentary-sequence-3mifyszh.png TABLE 1. AMS radiocarbon dates from the sedimentary sequence of Las Viñuelas mire (Cabañeros National Park). Calibrated ages were obtained using the program CALIB 7.1 (www.calib.org/calib/) coupled with the INTCAL13 calibration curve (Reimer et al. 2013). https://scispace.com/papers/unprecedented-loss-of-surface-and-cave-ice-in-se-europe-b5iaet5ic2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-uncertainties-in-ice-level-measurements-and-2019-ice-363selh3.png Table 1. Uncertainties in ice level measurements and 2019 ice loss determination. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-digital-surface-models-dsms-and-3dt1iaxq.png Table 2. Characteristics of digital surface models (DSMs) and orthophotos obtained for Snezhnika and Banski Suhodol glacierets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-monthly-precipitation-from-january-to-september-baxjdobb.png Figure 8. Monthly precipitation from January to September 2019 at (a) Scărişoara Ice Cave (ROU), (b) Velika ledena jama v Paradani (SLO), (c) Crna Ledenica (CRO), (d) Vihren (BG) and (e) Chionotrypa (Falakro, GRE). The data are shown in percentage deviation from the 1971–2000 average (represented by the 100 % mark). Green shading on the charts indicates precipitation above average, and brown shading indicates precipitation below average. The blue rectangle shows the period of ice accumulation and the orange rectangle the ice ablation period of the investigated glaciers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-d-g-geopotential-height-anomalies-at-500-mbar-1dauyzo9.png Figure 9. (a, d, g) Geopotential height anomalies at 500 mbar level (Z500) (a December 2018, d January 2019 and g February 2019). (b, e, h) Snow cover extent across Europe (b December 2018, e January 2019 and h February 2019). (c, f, i) Mean air temperature anomalies (c December 2018, f January 2019 and i February 2019). For all analyzed variables the anomalies are computed relative to the climatological period 1971–2000. Black ellipses indicate the study area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-upper-surface-ice-level-changes-in-the-glacier-in-312874e7.png Figure 4. Upper surface ice level changes in the glacier in Scărişoara Ice Cave, Romania, between 1975 and 2019 (updated from Perşoiu and Pazdur, 2011). The red arrow points to the unprecedented annual melt in 2019. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-changes-in-the-surface-morphology-of-snow-and-ice-dbmd2yq6.png Figure 5. Changes in the surface morphology of snow and ice in Chionotrypa Cave (Falakro Mountain, Greece), 2014–2019. Photo credit: Yorgos Sotiriadis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-digital-elevation-models-of-snezhnika-a-and-banski-61wprbp4.png Figure 7. Digital elevation models of Snezhnika (a) and Banski Suhodol (b) glacierets in 2019 and changes in ice surface elevation between 2018 and 2019 at Snezhnika (c) and Banski Suhodol (d) glacierets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-cumulative-ice-volume-loss-for-european-cave-1chkg5qn.png Figure 12. Cumulative ice volume loss for European cave glaciers since 1900 (modified from Kern and Perşoiu, 2013). Blue bars indicate the number of observations (caves), and the background colors show the average global temperature changes (red – warm, blue – cold). https://scispace.com/papers/unprecedented-near-infrared-brightness-and-variability-of-1nidcbrna2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-k-light-curves-of-sgr-a-black-and-a-comparison-star-er6xjfi6.png Figure 2. K′ light curves of Sgr A* (black) and a comparison star, S0–17 (white, located about 0 2 from Sgr A*), on four nights of observations in 2019. We use stars within 1″ of Sgr A* to characterize the photometric error at different Sgr A* brightness levels. The photometric uncertainties are typically less than 5% at high flux levels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-distribution-of-sgr-a-flux-2pntctk7.png Figure 4. Comparison of the distribution of Sgr A* flux variations from 2019 (black line) with the historical distribution (gray) from Witzel et al. (2018). Both distributions have been normalized to compare their shape and peaks. The bottom figure is a zoomed-in version of the top figure to show the tail of the distributions. A two-tailed Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test shows that it is very unlikely for the two distributions to be drawn from the same underlying probability distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-top-panel-comparison-of-the-complementary-2ajs29d4.png Figure 5. Top panel: comparison of the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) of the observed data (historical data and 2019 data; black) and the median CCDF (dashed blue line) and the 1, 2, and 3σ contours calculated from 10,000 simulations. The simulations were drawn from the posterior in Witzel et al. (2018). The dashed section of the observed CCDF represents flux densities that occurred only during the brightest flux excursion on 2019 May 13. These simulations show that if we repeated the entire experiment with the time sampling of 30 historical nights of Keck observations 10,000 times, then the probability of observing a single night with flux levels as high as 6 mJy is less than 0.3%. Bottom panel: the same as for the top panel but contours determined from simulations based only on the time sampling of the four nights in 2019. Because three of the four nights have elevated Sgr A* flux levels, if an experiment with four nights of observations were repeated 10,000 times, the probability of observing Sgr A* flux levels similar to the nights in 2019 would be less than 0.05%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-near-infrared-sgr-a-observations-nkf5pdav.png Table 1 Near-infrared Sgr A* Observations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-row-a-series-of-k-images-taken-on-2019-may-13-1tuaoi05.png Figure 1. Top row: a series of K′ images taken on 2019 May 13 centered on Sgr A* showing the large variations in brightness throughout the night. The first image from the left is the brightest measurement ever made of Sgr A* in the near-infrared. Also labeled are nearby stars S0-2 (K′=14 mag) and S0-17 (K′=16 mag) for comparison. Bottom panel: K′ (black) and H-band light curves of Sgr A* from 2019 May 13. On this night, we alternated between H and K′ observations. The H-band magnitudes are offset using H−K′=2.45 mag. There appear to be no significant color changes during the large change in brightness. Red circles show the location of the four images in the panels above. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-light-curves-of-sgr-a-black-obtained-in-four-nights-2oz5imgj.png Figure 3. Light curves of Sgr A* (black) obtained in four nights of observations in 2019 in observed flux units (in the Ks filter). Dashed lines show the percentage of fluxes fainter than that level from historical data—the 100% line shows the maximum previously flux observed (Dodds-Eden et al. 2011; Witzel et al. 2018). 2019 May 13 shows flux levels exceeding the maximum historical data by a factor of 2, while 2019 April 20 show flux levels exceeding 99.7% of previous observations. The light curve from 2019 May 13 falls linearly with time beginning with the first measurement. It likely that the peak flux level was even higher at earlier times. https://scispace.com/papers/unraveling-the-forcings-controlling-the-vegetation-and-4ih5dm9nca 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-continued-2g3ybp4r.png Fig. 8 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-age-depth-model-based-on-five-calibrated-ams-sx00wzv4.png Fig. 2 Age–depth model based on five calibrated AMS radiocarbon ages (black circles, Table S1) and one control point from the radiocarbon age model of Site U1385 (black square, Hodell et  al. 2015). Grey lines indicate the 2σ uncertainty envelope https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-differences-between-mis-11c-and-mis-1-using-the-kr91j6ss.png Fig. 6 a Differences between MIS 11c and MIS 1 using the snapshot simulations with insolation of NHSP for the annual mean, DJF and JJA precipitation (cm/year) (upper panel) and annual mean, DJF and JJA surface air temperature (°C) (lower panel). Grey shaded areas indicate the regions for which the simulated anomalies are significantly different at the 90% confidence level based on a t test. b Same as Fig. 6a but for the differences between MIS 19c and MIS 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-vegetation-and-climatic-changes-from-site-u1385-bold-2gyn7yf3.png Fig. 3 Vegetation and climatic changes from Site U1385 (bold lines) and the nearby marine core MD95-2042 (thin lines) over the last 17.5 ka. From bottom to top: Percentages of selected pollen taxa or group of taxa (U1385: this study; MD952042: Chabaud et al. 2014): a Pinus (black), b semi-desert plants (Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Ephedra distachya-type and Ephedra fragilis-type) (orange), c Ericaceae (blue), d Mediterranean taxa (Quercus evergreen-type, Cistus, Olea, Phillyrea and Pistacia) (red) and MF (mainly deciduous Quercus and Mediterranean taxa) (green); e Uk’37-SST (dark blue) (U1385: this study; MD95-2042: Pailler and Bard 2002); f δ18Ob records (black) (U1385: Hodell et al. 2015; MD95-2042: Shackleton et al. 2000). Upper bar indicates the North Atlantic climatic phases: Oldest Dryas (OD)/Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1), BøllingAllerød (B-A) interstadial, Younger Dryas (YD) stadial and the Holocene interglacial https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-differences-between-mis-1-and-mis-11c-upper-panel-and-q7jhlq3n.png Fig. 5 Differences between MIS 1 and MIS 11c (upper panel) and MIS 19c (lower panel) for the tree and grass fraction change (%) using the snapshot simulations with insolation of NHSP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-differences-between-mis-11c-and-mis-1-at-the-nhsp-3lcjwhrs.png Fig. 7 Differences between MIS 11c and MIS 1 at the NHSP dates for the latitudinal and seasonal distribution of insolation (W/m2). The Y-axis indicates latitude and the X-axis marks the true longitude of the Sun from the beginning to the end of the year (0° and 180° are for the spring and fall equinoxes; 90° and 270° are for the summer and winter solstices). Insolation is determined from the insolation parameters of Berger (1978) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-sw-iberian-margin-showing-the-detailed-2x9wyd1s.png Fig. 1 Map of the SW Iberian margin showing the detailed bathymetry and location of Site U1385 and the core MD95-2042. Left inset: General geographical map showing the Iberian Peninsula. The zonal (red arrow) and meridional (blue arrow) trajectory the atmospheric westerlies is shown. Black arrows represent the surface water circulation (SPG Subpolar Gyre, NAC North Atlantic Current, AC Azores Current, STG Subtropical Gyre, CC Canary Current, PC Portugal Current) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlation-coefficient-values-r-of-simpe-linear-wyo0d7fn.png Table 1 Correlation coefficient values (R) of simpe linear regression between tree fraction and climate variables https://scispace.com/papers/unravelling-antarctica-s-past-through-the-stratigraphy-of-a-3ogwpi3ce8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-line-scan-device-scheme-the-camera-a-moves-eagwuych.png Figure 2. Line-scan device scheme. The camera (a) moves synchronously with the dark field illumination system (oblique lights), travelling the entire ice-core slab while capturing the image of a thin line one-pixel wide at each step. This generates a highresolution (115 px cm-1) digital image without optical deformations in 8-bit greyscale format (b), which can finally be processed by a computer (c). Notice that, in the passage from (a) to (b), the “plane of view” indicated in (a) undergoes a 90° rotation about the long axis of the core in order to show the image (b) on the plane of the page. The graphic shown in (c) is the grey-value record of the image (b). In all three panels, top of the core is to the left. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-selected-region-for-macroscopic-analysis-33rjy463.png Figure 3. Example of selected region for macroscopic analysis. (a) One-metre slab of the EDML deep ice core from 1802 m depth. Cloudy bands are clearly visible because this is bubble-free ice. (b) Same LS image with the region selected for the macroscopic analysis (dashed-green rectangle). For instance, the mean grey value of the whole ice-core slab is the arithmetic mean of the grey values of all pixels within the dashed-green region. (c) Crosssectional view of grey values averaged over the whole length of the ice slab. (d) Cross-sectional view of grey values along a single line of pixels, indicated by the dash-dotted-red line P-P. The selected region for microscopic analysis, denoted by the dashed-green rectangle in (b), is also indicated in (c) and (d), showing that effects from the border of the core are excluded from the analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/unravelling-the-binding-mode-of-a-methamphetamine-aptamer-a-3hqr0yj26j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-watson-crick-base-pairs-a-t-and-g-c-mef4f7gw.png Figure 5. Watson-Crick base pairs A-T and G-C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-binding-models-of-bioreceptors-in-the-context-of-1x7aeyjv.png Figure 1. Binding models of bioreceptors in the context of aptamer-ligand binding. (A) Lock and Key (LAK), (B) Conformational Selection (CS) and (C) Induced Fit binding models. Representation relates to the interaction of the Aptamer-2-40mer with methamphetamine. Binding constant equations are found in Equation S1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-expansion-of-1h-nmr-spectrum-of-aptamer-2-40mer-1cn9dba9.png Figure 6. (A) Expansion of 1H NMR spectrum of Aptamer-2-40mer showing three thymine imino protons peaks (B) 2D NOESY correlations between the three imino protons and the three adenine C2 protons showing A-T base pairing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-1h-nmr-spectra-of-aptamer-2-40mer-with-molar-1muteiks.png Figure 7. 1H NMR spectra of Aptamer 2-40mer with molar loadings of Meth 0 % and 100 %. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-skeletal-formula-of-protonated-meth-as-dominant-at-mh02x91m.png Figure 2. Skeletal formula of protonated Meth, as dominant at pH 7.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-molecular-docking-of-meth-with-aptamer-2-40mer-a-qlx9fsp9.png Figure 9. Molecular docking of Meth with Aptamer-2-40mer. (A) All 100 docking poses of Meth in the hydrophobic pocket are shown in stick form, the aptamer is shown in cartoon form with a transparent surface rendered. (B) A violin plot of the docking scores of each cluster. (C) The 12 poses of cluster_1 C1 (Meth in stick form) in the pocket with surrounding nucleotides shown in wire form. (D) The 88 poses of cluster_2 C2 (Meth in stick form) in the pocket with surrounding nucleotides shown in wire form. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-itc-results-for-the-aptamer-2-40mer-and-the-mutated-3llabkoh.png Figure 8. ITC results for the Aptamer-2-40mer and the mutated Aptamer-2-40mer. The heat profiles for (A) Aptamer-2-40mer and (B) mutated Aptamer-2-40mer are represented. The integrated heat profiles are represented for (C) Aptamer-2-40mer and (D) mutated Aptamer-2-40mer. The heat profiles presented have been corrected for the heat of dilution of the titrant and for the heat of dilution of the aptamer. https://scispace.com/papers/unravelling-the-components-of-a-multi-thermal-coronal-loop-3pqfipetx4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-time-delays-measured-at-different-positions-along-2b7xmd4p.png Figure 3. (a) Time delays measured at different positions along the track (see Figure 1) following the cross-correlation technique. A three-row average at the bottom is taken as the reference. Solid lines represent a second order polynomial fit to the data. (b) Projected propagation speeds as a function of distance along the track for the 171 Å and 131 Å channels. The derivatives of the fitted values in (a) are used to estimate these values, with the corresponding measurement errors also displayed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-time-lapse-movie-of-the-subfields-shown-in-39jqahyu.png Figure 2. A time-lapse movie of the subfields shown in Figures 1(d) and (e) displaying propagating waves along the loops. The images are reconstructed from the Fourier-filtered time series allowing only three-minute variations. The bright and dark features propagating outward along the loop structures represent the enhanced and diminished emissions, respectively, corresponding to the compressions and rarefactions of a slow magnetoacoustic wave packet. The Fourier power spectra from the original time series at specific locations along the loop (marked by a red cross over the images) are shown in the bottom panels. The left and right panels display the results for AIA 171 Å and 131 Å channels respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-inclination-of-the-loop-with-respect-to-the-line-3smk3yhi.png Figure 5. (a) Inclination of the loop with respect to the line of sight plotted as a function of height. These values are derived from the extrapolated magnetic fields at the loop footpoint marked by a black cross in Figures 1(d) and (e). The vertical dotted lines correspond to the section of the loop over which the propagation speeds are estimated. (b) Actual propagation speeds along the loop after deprojection using the derived inclination angles. (c) Temperature profiles along the loop as derived from the isothermal propagation of the waves in both channels. Dashed lines show the corresponding values calculated for adiabatic propagation. Measurement errors propagated from the observed phase speeds are also shown in (b) and (c). Note that the x-axis in (b) and (c) displays the actual distance along the loop, rather than the projected distance measured from the images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-spatial-variation-of-intensities-background-177n90nz.png Figure 6. (a) Spatial variation of intensities (background subtracted) from the 171 Å channel as a function of the (actual) distance along the loop, highlighting the damped propagation of the wave. The values correspond to the temporal location marked by the red arrows in Figure 1(f) and for the spatial extent bounded by the horizontal dashed lines in that figure. Errorbars represent errors in the values estimated from noise within the data. The overplotted red curve represents the best-fitting damped sinusoid with variable wavelengths following the function defined in Equation (2). The obtained best-fit parameters are listed in the plot. (b) Same as (a) but for 131 Å channel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-a-snapshot-of-the-full-disk-sun-captured-by-the-l2963fqt.png Figure 1. (a) A snapshot of the full-disk Sun captured by the AIA 171 Å EUV channel on 2011 December 10 at 15:30 UT. The white box outlines a 120×120 Mm2 region surrounding the sunspot under investigation. (b), (c) Subfields showing the vicinity of the sunspot in 171 Å and 131 Å channels. White dashed boxes outline the region used in the present analysis. (d), (e) Close up view of the sunspot. Dotted lines show the location of the track chosen along the loop for time-distance analyses. The central line follows the spine of the loop, while the lines on either side mark the region averaged during the time-distance analyses. Solid lines drawn across the loop bound the section where propagating waves displayed adequate signal. The black cross identifies the location of the loop footpoint where field extrapolations are examined. (f) Time-distance maps (after Fourier filtration) in the 171 Å and 131 Å channels constructed from the tracks shown in (d) and (e). The horizontal dashed– dotted lines correspond to the locations of solid lines drawn across the loop in panels (d) and (e). Further analysis is restricted to the region enclosed by these lines. The red arrows mark the temporal location where spatial damping has been presented in Figure 5. A movie displaying signatures of propagating waves along the loops is available as the online animated Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-k-o-diagram-generated-from-the-original-aia-171-a-11aoysxo.png Figure 4. (a) k–ω diagram generated from the original AIA 171 Å timedistance map, for the outward propagating waves. The white dashed line corresponds to a propagation speed of 55 km s−1. (b) Same as (a) but for AIA 131 Å channel. The white dashed line corresponds to a propagation speed of 40 km s−1. https://scispace.com/papers/unravelling-the-complexity-of-salt-marsh-fucus-cottonii-4yih8jqr58 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-u1sc2jzm.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sampling-specifics-dates-of-sampling-taxa-sampled-3r7do06f.png Table 1. Sampling specifics. Dates of sampling, , taxa sampled, and numbers of individuals per taxa examined or processed are presented for Fucus spiralis (Fs), F. vesiculosus (Fv) and small salt marsh Fucus (ssmF). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-overview-of-results-from-estimated-nuclear-dna-19nzyi43.png Table 4. Overview of results from estimated nuclear DNA content from Locality 1 (Illaunnginga), Locality 2 (Clifden) and Locality 3 (Achill sound) of small salt marsh Fucus (ssmF), F. vesiculosus (Fv) and F. spiralis (Fs). The results are given in pg for 2C, 4C, and for C (sperm) when possible, with standard deviations (Stdv). Nuclei (n) = number of nuclei examined per sample. Presence or absence of receptacles in the analysed individuals is indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-1a85tkhc.png Figure 14. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1jizuz2k.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-3m40ido0.png Figure 3-5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-11-2lyq00jy.png Figure 6-11. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-wd2p5k7t.png Figure 12. https://scispace.com/papers/unravelling-the-nucleation-mechanism-of-bimetallic-3deaq2bx4r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-phase-corrected-fourier-transformed-xafs-spectra-eeue9zsm.png Figure 3. (a) Phase-corrected Fourier transformed XAFS spectra from gold rich to silver rich clusters. Bond distances of Ag-Ag (b) and Ag-Au (c), and Ag coordination fraction (Ag coordination number over the sum of Ag and Au coordination numbers) as a function of composition (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-integrated-peak-area-ratio-of-the-xps-ag-0-pure-c41vr9j3.png Figure 2. Integrated peak area ratio of the XPS Ag(0), pure phase, to Ag(δ), alloy phase, (black square) plotted with those of the Au(0), pure phase, to Au(δ), alloy phase, (red circle) from Au rich to Ag rich BNPs compositions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-representation-of-the-4-step-growth-29iuebse.png Figure 5. Schematic representation of the 4-step growth process of Au-Ag clusters in the gas-phase before deposition: (I) Au and Ag atoms are generated by laser ablation of the targets; (II) ultra-small bimetallic clusters form and the minority element is depleted from the metal gas; (III) the small bimetallic clusters serve as embryos or building blocks for the further growth of nuclei/seeds and the majority element atoms also condense on the bimetallic core to form the cluster shell; (IV) formation of clusters, with alloy cores enriched by the minority element and shell enriched by the majority element. A full alloy is formed in Au0.5Ag0.5. https://scispace.com/papers/unravelling-the-effect-of-a-potentiating-anti-factor-h-3xhr4xz9yj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-daa-of-mutant-fhs-is-enhanced-by-potentiating-anti-2erp9hbi.png Figure 2: DAA of mutant FHs is enhanced by potentiating anti-FH 1 (A) In a SPR based setup FB and FD were flown over a sensor chip which was amine-coupled with 2 ~2000RU C3b to form C3bBb (convertase) complexes (phase I). Subsequently, a decline in signal 3 indicated natural decay of the convertase as Bb is released from the coupled C3b (phase II). Injection 4 of pdFH (50nM) causes accelerated decay (grey, solid line), as observed by a sudden further drop in 5 response (phase III). The addition of the anti-FH.07.1 Fab’ fragment (200nM) to pdFH increases DAA of 6 pdFH (grey, dashed line), whilst the Fab’ fragment alone does not affect the natural decay (black, 7 dashed line). (B) With similar setup as described above, addition of anti-FH.07.1, FH blocking (anti-8 FH.09, (18)) or binding (anti-FH.16, (18)) anti-FH Fab’ fragments respectively increase, decrease or do 9 not affect DAA of pdFH. (C) Injection of recombinant WT or FH mutants (12.5 nM) shows DAA. Addition 10 of the anti-FH.07.1 Fab’ fragment (100nM) increases the DAA of all FHs. Enlargement of the DAA 11 segment of SPR shows slight differences in DAA are observed between FH mutants. Addition of the 12 anti-FH.07.1 Fab’ fragment (dashed lines) improves the DAA of all FH. Figures are average of duplicate 13 runs and representative of n=8 (A), n=1 (B) or n=3 (C). 14 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-c3b-deposition-and-hemolysis-are-differentially-1gkr8f0t.png Figure 4: C3b deposition and hemolysis are differentially controlled by FH mutants 1 (A) LPS induced C3b deposition using FH depleted serum supplemented with either WT or FH mutants 2 (solid lines) shows a concentration dependent increase in C3 deposition, indicating fluid phase 3 regulation, followed by a decrease in C3b deposition, indicating surface regulation. Addition of the 4 anti-FH.07.1 antibody (dashed lines) increases the regulatory activity of the most of the FH proteins. 5 (B) Complement mediated lysis of SE incubated with FH depleted serum supplemented with either WT 6 or FH mutants. Lysis is reduced by most of the FH proteins (solid lines). Addition of the anti-FH.07.1 7 antibody (dashed lines) improves the regulatory capacity of most of the FH proteins. The inhibition 8 was fitted using a nonlinear fit, insufficient fit is not shown, instead the measured points are shown. 9 Error bars represent standard deviation of experiments performed in duplicate and figures are 10 representative of n=3. 11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-affinity-for-c3b-of-mutant-fhs-is-conserved-and-2eu40kig.png Figure 1: Affinity for C3b of mutant FHs is conserved and enhanced by potentiating antibody 1 The affinity of FH for C3b was measured using SPR. Measurements were performed on the Biacore 2 T200 with CM5 chip coupled with ~2000 RU C3b. (A) Sensorgrams of in house purified plasma derived 3 FH (pdFH) binding to C3b. pdFH was titrated from 10 or 5 µM respectively, in 2 fold dilutions and flown 4 over the chip without (left) or with (right) the presence of an excess (10 µM, at least 2 fold based on 5 molar concentration) of anti-FH.07.1 Fab’ fragments. Sensorgrams were corrected for molecule size 6 (155 KDa FH alone, 205 KDa FH + potentiating Fab’ fragment), and show an increased response upon 7 addition of the anti-FH.07.1 Fab’ fragment. (B) Affinity curves, based on average response at 8 equilibrium binding (∆T 50-55 sec) in Fig. A, show an increase in binding upon addition of anti-FH.07.1 9 as presented by the estimated affinity KD of 6.0 and 1.9 µM for pdFH alone or with addition of the anti-10 FH.07.1 Fab’ fragments respectively. (C) Affinity curves based on 2-fold titrations (625 – 39.0625 nM) 11 of recombinant WT and mutant FH, corrected for molecule size, as described above, showing an 12 increased response upon addition the anti-FH.07.1 Fab’ fragment (1.25 µM, dashed lines). Experiments 13 are performed in two sets due to instrumental limitations. Figures are representative of n=2. 14 https://scispace.com/papers/unravelling-the-genetics-of-inherited-retinal-dystrophies-19aub1fdma 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-timeline-showing-the-important-techniques-and-3f44h3z6.png Table 1. Timeline showing the important techniques and milestones in the development of molecular genetics https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-retinal-disease-genes-identified-by-whole-exome-3p8d7je6.png Table 5. Retinal disease genes identified by whole exome sequencing (WES) or whole genome sequencing (WGS). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-genes-causing-inherited-retinal-dystrophies-ird-2jq2q247.png Table 2. Genes causing inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD identified) between 1990 and 2003 the time from the first IRD gene (RHO) being identified to the announcement of the completion of the Human Genome Project (HGP). https://scispace.com/papers/unrecognized-tracheal-rupture-after-elective-intubation-3gfm4i8ew5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-x-ray-showing-free-air-between-sof-tissue-planes-ugrogrvg.png Figure 2 – X-ray showing free air between sof tissue planes surrounding the neck. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chest-x-ray-of-the-patient-revealed-bilateral-1avbqh1i.png Figure 1 – Chest X-ray of the patient revealed bilateral subcutaneous amphysema around the neck, air density surrounding the pericardium and intraabdominal free air. https://scispace.com/papers/unsaturated-iridium-iii-complexes-supported-by-a-quinolato-nmvbequzsj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-calculated-dgo-kcal-mol-1-for-the-formation-of-the-1abb89ts.png Table 2. Aromatic C-H borylation catalyzed by iridium 8-oxidoquinoline-2-carboxylate pincer complexesa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-molecular-structure-of-ir-k3-hqca-1-k-45-e-c8h13-21dma9rq.png Figure 1. Molecular structure of [Ir(κ3-hqca)(1-κ-4,5-η-C8H13)(MeOH)] (1-MeOH). Selected bond distances (Å) and angles (o): Ir-O(1) 2.090(2), Ir-O(3) 2.092(2), Ir-O(4) 2.275(3), Ir-N 1.974(3), Ir-C(11) 2.056(4), Ir-C(15) 2.168(4), Ir-C(16) 2.168(3), C(15-C(16) 1.401(5); O(1)Ir-O(3) 157.05(10), O(1)-Ir-O(4) 90.30(10), O(1)-Ir-N 77.34(11), O(1)-Ir-C(11) 93.87(13), O(1)-Ir-M 102.77(13), O(3)-Ir-O(4) 85.28(10), O(3)-Ir-N 80.15(11), O(3)-Ir-C(11) 90.99(13), O(3)-Ir-M 99.99(14), O(4)-Ir-N 90.04(11), O(4)-Ir-C(11) 175.81(11), O(4)-Ir-M 93.95(13), N-Ir-C(11) 91.19(14), N-Ir-M 176.00(14), C(11)-Ir-M 78.12(14) (M represents the midpoint of the olefinic C(15)-C(16) double bond). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-numbering-scheme-for-nmr-data-aztsgqli.png Figure 6. Numbering scheme for NMR data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observed-chemical-shifts-for-the-hydrido-ligand-in-3rgw0b9n.png Table 1. Observed chemical shifts for the hydrido ligand in the 1H NMR spectrum of complexes [IrH(κ3-hqca)(coe)(L)] (3-L) at 298 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-high-field-region-of-the-1h-1h-noesy-spectrum-of-3ng28j5v.png Figure 4. High-field region of the 1H–1H NOESY spectrum of [IrH(κ3-hqca)(coe)] (3) in C6D6 at 298 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-isomers-of-ir-k3-hqca-1-k-45-e-c8h13-1-l-meoh-3okt8wc7.png Figure 2. Isomers of [Ir(κ3-hqca)(1-κ-4,5-η-C8H13)] (1) (L = MeOH). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-aromatic-c-h-borylation-catalyzed-by-iridium-8-1d5vane9.png Table 2. Aromatic C-H borylation catalyzed by iridium 8-oxidoquinoline-2-carboxylate pincer complexesa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-molecular-structure-of-irh-k3-hqca-py-2-6-selected-37fc30n4.png Figure 5. Molecular structure of [IrH(κ3-hqca)(py)2] (6). Selected bond distances (Å) and angles (o): Ir-O(1) 2.098(4), Ir-O(3) 2.086(4), Ir-N(1) 1.954(6), Ir-N(2) 2.045(6), Ir-N(3) 2.172(5), Ir-H 1.62(2), C(1)-O(1) 1.319(8), C(1)-O(2) 1.221(8), C(9)-O(3) 1.355(8); O(1)-Ir- https://scispace.com/papers/unreported-deaths-in-pediatric-surgery-and-anesthesia-a-kwgg6pelvr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pediatric-perioperative-deaths-by-surgical-3lwckrov.png Figure 1. Pediatric perioperative deaths by surgical specialty. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-pediatric-perioperative-deaths-51-4lugbsij.png Table 1. Characteristics of Pediatric Perioperative Deaths (51 cases). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pediatric-perioperative-deaths-by-cause-of-death-i67bhb0r.png Figure 2. Pediatric perioperative deaths by cause of death. https://scispace.com/papers/unsnap-a-mini-app-for-exploring-the-performance-of-8nukcthfip 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-thread-scaling-of-parallel-sweep-for-different-loop-1qybvswp.png Fig. 3: Thread scaling of parallel sweep for different loop orderings for linear elements https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-thread-scaling-of-parallel-sweep-for-different-loop-qjbepzfz.png Fig. 4: Thread scaling of parallel sweep for different loop orderings for cubic elements https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-size-of-local-matrix-for-different-finite-element-69223o5r.png TABLE I: Size of local matrix for different finite element orders https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2d-discontinuous-elements-2usf3snh.png Fig. 1: 2D discontinuous elements https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-assemble-solve-time-in-seconds-on-skylake-5go5nyvt.png TABLE II: Assemble/solve time in seconds on Skylake processors for different finite element orders https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pseudocode-for-solving-the-transport-equation-1dzog3sd.png Fig. 2: Pseudocode for solving the transport equation https://scispace.com/papers/unsteady-flows-in-io-s-atmosphere-caused-by-condensation-and-3fq1yf5ipp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-surface-temperature-tw-during-and-after-eclipse-at-3r9ly71q.png Figure 1: Surface temperature Tw during and after eclipse at the longitude of 53◦W for (TMin, TMax, T0) = (90 K, 114 K, 110 K). The solid line indicates the result for A−1 = 350 J/m2K, the dashed line that for 175 J/m2K, and the dot-dashed line that for 700 J/m2K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-shows-the-variation-of-the-surface-temperature-tw-3gylls1o.png Figure 1: Surface temperature Tw during and after eclipse at the longitude of 53◦W for (TMin, TMax, T0) = (90 K, 114 K, 110 K). The solid line indicates the result for A−1 = 350 J/m2K, the dashed line that for 175 J/m2K, and the dot-dashed line that for 700 J/m2K. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-saturated-vapor-pressure-paw-pressure-scale-1ln7f7fc.png Table 2: The saturated vapor pressure pAw, pressure scale height H A, and molecular thermal speed cA of SO2 gas corresponding to temperature Tw. The mean free path ℓw (with respect to SO2–SO2 collisions) in the saturated equilibrium state with temperature Tw and the Knudsen number Kn are also shown. See Eqs. (7) and (15) [KAA in Eq. (15b) is defined by Eq. (13) at T0 = 110 K]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-profiles-of-the-number-densities-na-of-so2-and-nb-295ksbgb.png Figure 11: Profiles of the number densities nA of SO2 and nB of SO after eclipse (t = 120, 130, 140, . . ., 200 min) in Case 2 [SO2 (65%) and SO (35%)]. The dashed lines in the upper panel indicate corresponding profiles in Case 1 [SO2 (100%)] shown in Fig. 6. See the caption of Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-profiles-of-the-flow-velocity-va1-and-temperature-ni13madu.png Figure 10: Profiles of the flow velocity vA1 and temperature T at every minute until t = 40 min in Case 2 [SO2 (65%) and SO (35%)]. See the caption of Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-profiles-of-the-number-density-na-flow-velocity-va1-2i2toorb.png Figure 3: Profiles of the number density nA, flow velocity vA1 , and temperature T during eclipse in Case 1 [SO2 (100%)]. The solid lines show the profiles at every 10 minutes (t = 0, 10, 20, . . ., 120 min); the dashed and dashed-dotted lines show the profiles at t = 15 and 25 min. The arrow indicates the direction to which the profile moves with time (t ≳ 30 min). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-profiles-of-the-number-density-na-flow-velocity-va1-3kdxmlo3.png Figure 2: Profiles of the number density nA, flow velocity vA1 , and temperature T just after ingress into eclipse (t = 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 min) in Case 1 [SO2 (100%)]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-profiles-of-the-number-densities-na-of-so2-and-nb-1bowktat.png Figure 8: Profiles of the number densities nA of SO2 and nB of SO during eclipse (t = 0, 10, 20, . . ., 120 min) in Case 2 [SO2 (65%) and SO (35%)]. The dashed lines in the upper panel indicate corresponding profiles in Case 1 [SO2 (100%)] shown in Fig. 3. See the caption of Fig. 3. In the lower panel, Arrow A is for t ≤ 20 min and B for the subsequent time. https://scispace.com/papers/unsteady-force-and-flow-measurements-for-plunging-finite-gr7tqs5x7j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-test-rig-a-3d-view-b-front-view-18s2dmm5.png Figure 2. Test rig: a) 3D view, b) front view. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-continued-2pv27m68.png Figure 15 Continued. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-time-averaged-lift-for-plunging-amplitude-a-c-0-5-2fq8f560.png Figure 6. Time-averaged lift for plunging amplitude A/c=0.5 as a function of the plunging reduced frequency k and sweep angle Λ. a) α=0°, b) α=5°, c) α=9°, d) α=15°. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-lift-phase-lag-for-plunging-amplitude-a-c-0-5-as-a-2lut8cap.png Figure 12: Lift phase lag for plunging amplitude A/c=0.5 as a function of the plunging reduced frequency k and sweep angle Λ. a) α=0°, b) α=5°, c) α=9°, d) α=15°. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representation-of-plunging-motion-2f6gp4s2.png Figure 1. Representation of plunging motion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-contour-plot-of-averaged-velocity-magnitude-with-2tqb3oqt.png Figure 13: Contour plot of averaged velocity magnitude with trace-lines on x-y planes for different span-wise https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-averaged-lift-for-a-15deg-as-a-function-of-the-2192z09k.png Figure 5. Time-averaged lift for α=15° as a function of the plunging reduced frequency k and sweep angle Λ. a) A/c=0.05, b) A/c=0.1, c) A/c=0.3, d) A/c=0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-lift-amplitude-for-a-15deg-as-a-function-of-the-1j2o05ka.png Figure 9: Lift amplitude for α=15° as a function of the plunging reduced frequency k and sweep angle Λ. a) A/c=0.05, b) A/c=0.1, c) A/c=0.3, d) A/c=0.5. https://scispace.com/papers/unsupervised-bayesian-detection-of-independent-motion-in-5cv5wktsso 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-while-the-rate-of-correct-detections-is-comparable-b2a69j1q.png Table 1. While the rate of correct detections is comparable to Zhao & Nevatia’s [32], our false detection rate is substantially worse. We expect that temporal averaging or even a simple threshold on the minimum number of consecutive detections will improve our algorithm’s score. However, situations where the individuals’ arms, legs, and luggage are visibly moving will continue to appear as distinct to our algorithm which has no human body model. The “distinct detections” criterion is counting distinct detections in our systems, but counts repeated detections of each tracked individual in Zhao & Nevatia’s system, which saw a maximum of 33 people at any one time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-result-of-clustering-coherent-motions-in-frame-94-3pvmpmkn.png Figure 4. Result of clustering coherent motions in frame 94 of sequence escalator-A128: (A) Spatial clustering prior, (B) motion coherency likelihood (thresholded for illustration only), (C) resulting disjoint clusters (D) people-counter reports 40 individual bodies. Please see the submitted video to examine this sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-frame-115-from-penghurry-01-b-features-on-all-1wvw1axd.png Figure 5. (A) Frame 115 from penghurry-01. (B) Features on all three moving penguins are correctly detected to be independent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sample-image-of-gaze-rendering-application-fed-by-24kk8shd.png Figure 6. Sample image of gaze-rendering application, fed by the escalator-128 results (pictured in Figure 4(D)). Note that bright areas in the gaze-rendering image are “seen” by many people, while dark regions, such as the hanging sign in the lower right, are likely being ignored. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-one-characteristically-noisy-frame-from-input-1npkq8kv.png Figure 1. (A) One characteristically noisy frame from input sequence tunnel-A125. (B) Features are marked here as red dots on white, and all current trajectories passing through a user-selected (for illustration only) region show differing paths, even when people are walking arm-in-arm. Despite perspective scale, the trace lines are closest to other lines generated by the same person. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-example-results-above-from-rittscher-et-al-s-335elkdi.png Figure 8. Example results (above) from Rittscher et al.’s multiplehuman tracker mentioned in [18], and the results of our detection of independent motion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-frame-540-example-results-from-zhao-and-nevatias-1bqhq6tl.png Figure 7. Frame 540. Example results from Zhao and Nevatia’s multiple-human tracker [32] (above) on their Commons01 sequence, and the results of our independent-motion detection. Note different false negatives in both. See video for entire sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sequence-subway-b152-is-a-minute-long-and-features-3jyxeywv.png Figure 9. Sequence subway-B152 is a minute long and features our most dense pedestrian traffic. (A) Pairs of features with high likelihoods of being joined. (B) Isolated groups of features result from applying the discriminant function. Please view the video results for an excerpt of the sequence. https://scispace.com/papers/unsupervised-classification-and-characterization-of-honeypot-4riqynlvfs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-two-levels-of-cliques-appearing-when-correlating-1uvbqwtn.png Fig. 3. Two levels of cliques appearing when correlating anomalies in different sub-spaces https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sub-spaces-in-which-anomalies-44-224-and-327-appear-1mxcxx8o.png Fig. 2. Sub-spaces in which anomalies [44], [224], and [327] appear. These sub-spaces correspond to different IP address aggregation levels and different temporal granularities https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-feature-used-for-the-detection-of-dos-ddos-network-3adczlbf.png TABLE I. FEATURE USED FOR THE DETECTION OF DOS, DDOS, NETWORK/PORT SCANS, AND SPREADING WORMS. ANOMALIES OF DISTRIBUTED NATURE 1-TO-N OR N-TO-1 INVOLVE SEVERAL /24 (SOURCE OR DESTINATIONS) ADDRESSES CONTAINED IN A SINGLE /16 ADDRESS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-different-filtering-rules-for-sub-spaces-nsyn-1708a45b.png Fig. 1. The different filtering rules for sub-spaces (nSyn/nPkts, nDiffDestAddr) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-first-example-of-an-illegitimate-traffic-class-ip-3jnblzlv.png TABLE II. FIRST EXAMPLE OF AN ILLEGITIMATE TRAFFIC CLASS (IP ADDRESSES HAVE BEEN ANONYMISED) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-second-example-of-an-illegitimate-traffic-class-ip-28r940b8.png TABLE III. SECOND EXAMPLE OF AN ILLEGITIMATE TRAFFIC CLASS (IP ADDRESSES HAVE BEEN ANONYMISED) https://scispace.com/papers/unsupervised-clustering-of-ambulatory-audio-and-video-5bys9ymi6p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-9-features-on-the-left-were-extracted-from-each-25cbsvaz.png Figure 1: The 9 features on the left were extracted from each of the 9 regions shown on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-video-store-scene-above-is-the-independently-1hpufg3o.png Figure 4: The Video Store Scene: above is the independently hand-labeled ground truth, below is the likelihood of the most correlated model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-sidewalk-scene-above-is-the-independently-hand-29h1dqqx.png Figure 3: The Sidewalk Scene: above is the independently hand-labeled ground truth, below is the likelihood of the most correlated model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-coming-home-this-example-shows-the-user-entering-20b4jegq.png Figure 2: Coming Home: this example shows the user entering his apartment building, going up 3 stair cases and arriving in his bedroom. The system's segmentation is depicted by the vertical lines along with key frames. https://scispace.com/papers/unsupervised-data-analysis-of-direct-numerical-simulation-of-3jj7p0wg9k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-cluster-number-9-in-yellow-identified-by-means-of-39rdx8jm.png Figure 2: (a). Cluster number 9 (in yellow) identified by means of the LPCA unsupervised partitioning algorithm applied to the DNS data, with k = 16; (b). phenyl radical (A1−) map of concentration for the selected 2D slice of the 3D DNS simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-the-cluster-with-the-corresponding-14jvg6g0.png Table 1: Number of the cluster with the corresponding selected LPVs and coefficient of participation (ψ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-lpca-unsupervised-partitioning-of-the-selected-2d-1st8z81a.png Figure 1: LPCA unsupervised partitioning of the selected 2D slice of the 3D DNS simulation with 16 clusters. https://scispace.com/papers/unsupervised-crosslingual-adaptation-of-tokenisers-for-f7wrvpf5fj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dnn-topology-shared-by-all-the-neural-networks-used-in-2u4eiq2f.png Fig. 1. DNN topology shared by all the neural networks used in the LR frameworks. Number of neurons (n) is displayed for each layer. In training stage, several DNNs have been created using different input datasets and fine-tuning strategies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-slr-results-of-the-3-principal-tfidf-svm-systems-on-2m7j47jo.png Fig. 5. SLR results of the 3 principal TFIDF-SVM systems on LR2015-EVAL across different language groups. “18-LANG” indicates the overall SLR system performance in minDCF computed with a global detection threshold across 18 languages without French. Results on the five language clusters (Arabic (ARA), English (ENG), Slavic (QSL), Iberian (SPA) and Chinese (ZHO)) were computed with language-dependent detection thresholds . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diagrams-of-the-bottleneck-i-vector-upper-bniv-lr-and-3ert48lp.png Fig. 2. Diagrams of the bottleneck i vector (upper, BNIV-LR) and the phonotactic (lower, TFIDF-SVM) systems. The frontend DNNs were trained on SWB data and adapted to specific language data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-mindcf-18-language-global-threshold-for-3363nfsq.png Table 3 Summary of minDCF (18-language, global threshold) for different SLR systems on LR2015-EVAL. sMBR-P, CE-B, SWB-P + sMBR-P and SWB-B + CE-B refer to a set of systems, each using a DNN tokeniser adapted to a distinct language. Under each system category multiple min DCF scores are computed and the average is reported. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pairwise-system-result-comparison-among-the-baseline-1s0h7h8k.png Table 4 Pairwise system result comparison among the baseline bottleneck i-vector system (SWB-B), 8 adapted systems with DNN tokenisers adapted to 8 different languages (CE-B), and the 8-CE-B fusion system. Pairwise system difference is represented by percentage of trials (languagecluster-balanced, French cluster excluded) where language classification results differ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-example-of-how-the-triphone-states-frequency-12jdvvuy.png Fig. 8. Example of how the triphone states frequency distributions change after the tokeniser was adapted to different languages. The X-axis represents different triphone states in the “schwa” phoneme; The Y-axis is the normalised occurrence frequency of the state. The dash-line boxes identify areas of the three plots in which the distributions differ. States in the continuous-line boxes show similar distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tokeniser-and-slr-system-combination-tested-in-the-1lciiq1i.png Table 2 Tokeniser and SLR system combination tested in the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-slr-results-of-the-3-principal-bniv-lr-systems-on-37gyzsdr.png Fig. 6. SLR results of the 3 principal BNIV-LR systems on LR2015-EVAL across different language groups. “18-LANG” indicates the overall SLR system performance in minDCF computed with a global detection threshold across 18 languages without French. Results on the five language clusters (Arabic (ARA), English (ENG), Slavic (QSL), Iberian (SPA) and Chinese (ZHO)) were computed with language-dependent detection thresholds. https://scispace.com/papers/unsupervised-discovery-and-training-of-maximally-dissimilar-3kiq5jnhdq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-unsupervised-bmmi-performance-of-baseline-and-2rprxn8l.png Figure 1: Unsupervised BMMI performance of baseline and cluster models. The WER/SER pair for the baseline and cluster model is given at each node, with the relative improvement below in a round box. The number of test utterances in a node is listed along the branch leading to that node (total = 14581 utterances). Nodes are named with binary indices, with an additional bit at each tree level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-supervised-and-unsupervised-bmmi-root-node-models-1c5xgwsx.png Table 2: Supervised and unsupervised BMMI root-node models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-loudness-histograms-left-n00-n01-right-n010-n011-3aro5m0p.png Figure 3: Loudness histograms: left: N00, N01, right: N010, N011. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pitch-histograms-left-n00-n01-right-n010-n011-15i031cd.png Figure 2: Pitch histograms: left: N00, N01, right: N010, N011. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-common-acoustic-modeling-techniques-in-3eym37jc.png Table 1: List of common acoustic modeling techniques, in increasing order of expressiveness. https://scispace.com/papers/unsupervised-dictionary-learning-via-a-spiking-locally-2o7an365hn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-image-reconstruction-examples-based-on-the-learned-3obs0g1y.png Figure 4: Image reconstruction examples based on the learned dictionary. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-initial-stage-dictionary-at-one-epoch-of-training-1jahdq11.png Figure 3: (a) Initial stage dictionary at one epoch of training. (b-c) Middle stages dictionary during one epoch of training.(d) Final stage dictionary within one epoch of training. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-s-lca-with-unsupervised-dictionary-learning-a7q2bh7x.png Figure 2: S-LCA with unsupervised dictionary learning. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-non-spiking-lcamodel-that-supports-unsupervised-23bf4cn7.png Figure 1: A non-spiking LCAmodel that supports unsupervised dictionary learning via a residual or sparse reconstruction error layer. https://scispace.com/papers/unsupervised-ensemble-classification-with-correlated-inm34wwuq0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-cases-1-to-10-for-r-12-decision-agents-27w7jxpo.png TABLE I SIMULATION CASES 1 TO 10 FOR R = 12 DECISION AGENTS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-mse-measured-in-db-for-case-10-as-a-function-of-m-g8k9w6tk.png TABLE II MSE MEASURED IN dB FOR CASE 10 AS A FUNCTION OF M https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-averaged-relative-error-r-for-different-methods-and-1akz1d8y.png Fig. 1. Averaged relative error r for different methods and Cases 1 to 12. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-averaged-r-from-real-data-group-structure-6-6-6-3fb19a5u.png TABLE IV AVERAGED r FROM REAL DATA, GROUP STRUCTURE: [6, 6, 6] https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-averaged-classification-time-ms-32vur3qi.png TABLE III AVERAGED CLASSIFICATION TIME (ms) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-averaged-relative-error-r-for-case-5-continuous-lines-38a763xg.png Fig. 2. Averaged relative error r for Case 5 (continuous lines) and Case 10 (dashed lines) as a function of the number of objects M . https://scispace.com/papers/unsupervised-home-monitoring-of-parkinson-s-disease-motor-1lubiznbyw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-between-the-amounts-of-time-in-a-given-3dlr2gek.png Table 2 Correlation between the amounts of time in a given disease state (MDS-UPDRS part IV vs. patient-completed diary and diary vs. ANN) for both ‘excellent’ and ‘good’ diarists. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predictions-of-the-ann-compared-to-the-diary-2nv5p1dx.png Figure 2 Predictions of the ANN compared to the diary entries for three consecutive days of four participants. Each graph shows the colour-coded predictions of the ANN over the course of the day, where dark indicates high confidence, and white a lack of confidence, in each disease state over time. Solid line indicates participants' diary entries; gaps indicate missing entries. Bottom row of graphs show the daily average time spent in each disease state, according to MDS-UPDRS (UPDRS), diaries (DIA), and as predicted by ANN (ACC). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sensitivity-and-specificity-data-for-each-disease-hhlgqzax.png Table 1 Sensitivity and Specificity Data for each disease state, for both home and laboratory data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-confusion-matrices-of-a-predicted-disease-state-1k7i9zor.png Figure 1 Confusion matrices of: (a) predicted disease state against actual (diary) disease state for home data; (b) predicted disease state against actual (clinician-rated) disease state for laboratory data [numerical values represent the number of five minute epochs for HOME data and the number of one minute epochs for LAB data]. https://scispace.com/papers/unsupervised-fake-news-detection-a-graph-based-approach-qe2r1e4oxi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-gtut-study-over-phase-2-parameters-11l67l3p.png Table 8: GTUT Study over phase 2 parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-gtut-study-over-phase-3-parameters-30hyxfq7.png Table 9: GTUT Study over phase 3 parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-block-diagram-of-gtut-xg5q1fwf.png Figure 1: Block diagram of GTUT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-accuracy-analysis-r1yusrwt.png Table 6: Accuracy analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-politifact-dataset-results-the-best-result-for-each-350az5zm.png Table 4: PolitiFact dataset results. The best result for each evaluation measure (i.e., each column) is shown in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-gtut-phase-1-bi-clique-selection-2iz51dc6.png Table 7: GTUT Phase 1 Bi-clique selection. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-gossipcop-dataset-results-the-best-result-for-each-rp0jh3ew.png Table 5: GossipCop dataset results. The best result for each evaluation measure (i.e., each column) is shown in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gtut-phases-summary-1n0t8zug.png Table 1: GTUT phases summary. https://scispace.com/papers/unsupervised-learning-for-nonlinear-synthetic-discriminant-55xislct5f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-projection-of-training-top-left-and-testing-top-1iipnoqs.png Figure 7. Projection of training (top left) and testing (top right) images onto feature space for first vehicle after 300 iterations. Images of the correlators are shown at the bottom left, while the correlations of the output of the first hidden layer are shown in the inset table. The exemplars continue to increase their coverage in the output space. The features still remain aspect dependent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-image-classification-approach-feature-extraction-lecfd63k.png Figure 1. Image classification approach, feature extraction followed by a scalar discriminant function. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-block-diagram-of-pdf-driven-adaptation-scheme-175b301d.png Figure 2. Block diagram of PDF driven adaptation scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-projection-of-training-top-left-andtesting-top-18ykejwb.png Figure 6. Projection of training (top left) andtesting (top right) images onto feature space for first vehicle after 200 iterations of training. Images of the correlators are shown at the bottom left, while the correlations of the output of the first hidden layer are shown in the inset table. The training and testing exemplars are connected by lines in order of increasing aspect angle. This figure seems to show that "closeness" in the input space is maintained in the output space. It is also clear that the feature space generalizes very well for the testing exemplars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-projection-of-training-left-and-testing-right-1h4u6ykq.png Figure 8. Projection of training (left) and testing (right) images onto feature space after 150 (top) and 300 (bottom) iterations for two vehicle class training. Vehicle 1 is indicated by diamond symbols, while vehicle 2 is indicated by triangles. Each class is connected in order of aspect angle. It appears in these figures that the mapping has maintained aspect dependence for each vehicle. At the 300 iteration point some separation of the vehicles is in evidence. In the bottom left plot, the connecting lines have been removed in order to better show the class separation which has taken place. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-projectionof-training-top-left-and-testing-top-laagiz5x.png Figure 5. Projectionof training (top left) and testing (top right) images onto feature space for first vehicle after 100 iterations. Images of the correlators are shown at the bottom left, while the correlations of the output of the first hidden layer are shown in the inset table. At this stage of the training the first feature has begun to disperse. We also note the outputs of the first hidden layer remain highly correlated. https://scispace.com/papers/unsupervised-learning-of-categories-from-sets-of-partially-2rwzbnhvbb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graph-partitioning-according-to-partial-matchings-1ssg5hox.png Figure 1. Graph partitioning according to partial matchings may allow problematic groups, for example when background features and foreground features find good matchings in different categories of images. In the top row, the image-to-image similarity between the right and center images may be indistinguishable from that of the center and left images, even though the right image is matching what are background features for the domed building category. In the bottom row, the presence of two categories in the center image causes it to match equally well to the images on its left and right, which contain individual instances of those categories. As a result, graph partitioning algorithms may be unable to make appropriate cuts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-accuracy-of-categories-learned-without-supervision-xh9etntg.png Figure 5. Accuracy of categories learned without supervision, as measured by agreement with ground truth labels. The percentiles determine the amount of prototype candidates to keep per learned class, and results shown here are averaged over 40 runs for each. The plotted points denote the mean performance for those runs and error bars denote the standard deviation. See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-recognition-performance-on-unseen-images-using-1ivd1i9t.png Figure 6. Recognition performance on unseen images using categories learned with varying amounts of weak semi-supervision. The horizontal axis denotes the number of (randomly chosen) “must-group” pairings provided, and the vertical axis denotes the recognition performance averaged over four classes. The plotted points are mean values and error bars are the standard deviations over 40 runs with randomly selected training/testing pools. See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-inferred-feature-masks-for-a-face-category-the-2486qbce.png Figure 4. Inferred feature masks for a face category. The elliptical regions indicate where features were extracted from the images based on the Harris-Affine interest operator. The boundaries of these regions are color-coded in order to show which features contribute most strongly to each image’s matchings against the other face images: blue (darker colored) ellipses denote the features in each image with the high weights in the mask, and yellow (light colored) ellipses denote the remaining features, which have low weights in the mask. Each entry in an inferred feature mask reflects how consistently that feature can be matched against all other images in a cluster (see Section 3.2.) These examples demonstrate how the inferred feature masks reveal which parts of the images correspond to the in-class category, and can be used to downplay the impact of background or clutter features in the matching. (This figure is best viewed in color.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-schematic-view-of-category-feature-mask-inference-199wmeez.png Figure 3. A schematic view of category feature mask inference. Within a single cluster, outlier images are detected by considering the typical per-image feature masks implied by which component features an image contributes to partial matchings with other members of the cluster. In this illustrative example, the similarity between the matched-feature distributions among the faces reveals the outlier non-face image, whose features happen to match the background of the top image. Shown here are the four matchedfeature distributions for the top center image against the rest, with the in-mask features colored green, and non-mask features colored red. Re-weighting the correspondences according to the example’s median indicator mask causes the similarity against the outlier image to be downgraded, as indicated by the dashed line. To deduce cluster outliers, feature masks are determined using all pairs in this manner. (This figure is best viewed in color.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-explicit-feature-correspondences-dsqd2rfu.png Figure 2. Examples of explicit feature correspondences extracted from a pyramid matching. Displayed here are the most confident matches found for two image pairs, as denoted by the color-coded elliptical feature regions. (This figure is best viewed in color.) https://scispace.com/papers/unsupervised-river-detection-in-rapideye-data-18f4un8v3n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-accuracy-assessment-for-both-classification-1uwva77w.png Table I. Accuracy assessment for both classification algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-best-results-out-of-10-experiments-for-both-3e589kzm.png Fig. 3. Best results (out of 10 experiments) for both classification algorithms and ground truth. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-location-of-the-study-areas-within-germany-rapideye-3bjbkcb3.png Fig. 2. Location of the study areas within Germany (RapidEye false color composites 5/3/2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-histogram-of-a-re-ndwi-image-after-path-opening-with-h81bx3f3.png Fig. 1. Histogram of a RE-NDWI-image after path opening with path length 100; “potential water-pixels” in black, “potential non-water-pixels” in gray. https://scispace.com/papers/unsupervised-model-free-camera-calibration-algorithm-for-587ojy9vqz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-mean-scaled-relative-error-esr-evaluated-for-the-1najlztq.png TABLE I MEAN SCALED RELATIVE ERROR Esr EVALUATED FOR THE DISPLACEMENT-BASED CALIBRATION METHOD. THE RESULTS ARE EXPRESSED IN NUMBER OF PIXELS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-in-the-upper-left-corner-of-a-b-and-c-the-original-22ojfgy3.png Fig. 4. In the upper left corner of (a), (b) and (c), the original images that the camera was pointing at. In the upper right, the images in the plane of photoreceptors for a non-calibrated fish-eye camera. In the lower left corner, the result of calibration with the displacement-based method, and in the lower right with the correlation-based method. Both pictures are drawn from the calibration of a fish-eye camera with a grid of photoreceptors of size 70. The results relative to the displacement-based algorithm are for the calibration condition where the displacements were not corrupted by any error. The camera, as stated above, was calibrated using grayscale images; here the results of the calibration are shown with coloured images to better illustrate the differences in the results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-camera-calibration-setup-the-camera-is-calibrated-by-169bv1de.png Fig. 1. (a) Camera calibration setup. The camera is calibrated by taking pictures of planar images presented on a plane parallel to the plane of the camera photoreceptors. The camera movements considered are translations in this plane. The dotted red lines delimit the camera’s field of view (FOV). In the case shown here the two FOVs overlap. (b) Camera model. The grey plane on the left represents the camera’s photoreceptor plane. The photoreceptors are indicated by red crosses. The blue cylinder in the center of the figure represents the camera’s lens. The red dotted line is the camera’s optical axis. The transparent plane on the right is the one over which the pixels’ lines of sight are projected. The red solid line represents the direction of sight of a particular photoreceptor, which is deflected by the lens. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-coordinates-of-the-estimated-directions-of-sight-s-1ijqiwqc.png Fig. 2. The coordinates of the estimated directions of sight s̃ for each photoreceptor in the square photoreceptor grid (size 50) of a pin-hole camera((a) and (c)) and a fish-eye camera((b) and (d)). The top row presents the results of our calibration methods with 10% noise in momvement estimation, the bottom row shows the results of Kuipers’s algorithm. The coordinates s̃ were rescaled in order to yield a maximum value of ρ(s̃i, s̃ j) of approximately 50, and the points were rotated in such a way the side of the estimated grid approximately parallel to the reference system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-dissimilarities-udi-j-and-uci-j-versus-the-20t6y1az.png Fig. 3. The dissimilarities µDi j and µCi j versus the distance ρ(si,s j) for a pin-hole camera and a fish-eye camera with a photoreceptor grid of size 40. The results on the displacement-based algorithm refer to the calibration condition where the displacements were corruped with Gaussian error. https://scispace.com/papers/unsupervised-myocardial-segmentation-for-cardiac-bold-3etyf6gm4w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-feature-vector-generation-as-concatenation-of-1hdgvch9.png Fig. 5. The feature vector generation as concatenation of intensities of square patches and corresponding motion vectors inside that patch. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-dice-coefficient-mean-std-for-myocardial-2ta304xs.png TABLE I DICE COEFFICIENT (MEAN ± STD) FOR MYOCARDIAL SEGMENTATION ACCURACY IN %. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-segmental-hausdorff-distance-accuracy-for-cp-bold-and-1abr08ow.png Fig. 8. Segmental Hausdorff distance accuracy for CP-BOLD and standard CINE MR for epicardium. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-effect-of-pre-processing-on-segmentation-accuracy-38und20m.png Fig. 10. Effect of Pre-processing on segmentation accuracy. Rudimentary class thickness is varied from the original size (6mm) for background (a) and myocardium (b). The influence of changing the thickness from 3mm to 9mm of both classes on segmentation accuracy is minimal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-normalized-time-series-obtained-by-averaging-pixel-33obiqu7.png Fig. 9. Normalized time series obtained by averaging pixel intensities in the anterior region, as defined using ground truth (blue) and automatic segmentation (red dotted line) in a subject at baseline (left) and after LAD stenosis and during ischemia (right). Observe that the time series obtained via the proposed segmentation is consistent with that of ground truth, which eventually result in more accurate ischemia detection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bold-contrast-challenges-myocardial-segmentation-24lq4g6d.png Fig. 1. BOLD contrast challenges myocardial segmentation algorithms. A: Raw BOLD images from different cardiac phases of the same healthy subject) and color-coded myocardia overlaid on the raw images to demonstrate that subtle, imperceptible to the eye, intensity changes occur. B: Results of various algorithms (shown in red) for myocardial segmentation of the anterior region together with ground truth (green) manual delineations. Algorithms used: Atlas-based [6], Random Forests on Appearance and Texture features (a baseline) and a Dictionary Learning method (DDLS) [7]. C: Corresponding time series of the Anterior region from different methods compared to the one obtained based on ground truth segmentation. Overall errors in segmentation lead to deviations in the estimated time series, which will ultimately lead to low accuracy in ischemia detection. Our proposed method achieves high segmentation accuracy (last image in B); which leads to a better estimate of the time series (bottom part of C). [In typical CP-BOLD acquisition settings, with ECG-triggering, first and last points in the R-R interval correspond to diastole, whereas systole tends to appear around 30%.] https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-regional-segmentation-accuracy-measured-via-dice-21om6h3m.png TABLE II REGIONAL SEGMENTATION ACCURACY MEASURED VIA DICE (MEAN ± STD) IN % FOR STANDARD CINE AND CP-BOLD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-cosine-similarity-comparison-of-timeseries-of-6-2xm1ov5q.png TABLE III COSINE SIMILARITY COMPARISON OF TIMESERIES OF 6-SEGMENTAL REGIONS (MEAN ± STD, IN %) ACQUIRED FROM THE GROUND TRUTH COMPARED WITH THE PROPOSED METHOD AND ATLAS-BASED METHOD [6] FOR CP-BOLD SEQUENCES. https://scispace.com/papers/unsupervised-statistical-learning-of-context-free-grammar-ycs61czc89 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-training-sets-metrics-3a60enbb.png Table 1: Training sets metrics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-validation-sets-metrics-3gpp9qbx.png Table 2: Validation sets metrics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-test-sets-metrics-39z77347.png Table 3: Test sets metrics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-precision-p-recall-r-and-f-measure-f1-with-2q6a3wj3.png Table 4: Average Precision (P), Recall (R), and F-measure (F1) with the standard deviation for the compared methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-obtained-p-values-for-f1-from-welchs-t-test-eq9lw83p.png Table 5: Obtained p values for F1 from Welch’s t test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-overall-architecture-of-wgcs-od7r0qgt.png Figure 1: The overall architecture of wGCS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-exemplary-covering-over-cky-table-the-covering-1u4w5192.png Figure 2: Exemplary covering over CKY table. The covering inserts an additional rule C→ AB to allow parsing go further. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-initial-adios-directed-graph-for-three-exemplary-2ywv7p99.png Figure 3: Initial ADIOS directed graph for three exemplary positive input sentences: John sees a cat, John walks, and The dog sees Mary. Each sentence has own path in the graph, words are aligned with each other (figure taken from (Heinz et al., 2015). https://scispace.com/papers/untangling-the-effect-of-fatty-acid-addition-at-species-1l3hpouy9e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-between-the-coverage-of-the-gbs-1gpsjc7j.png Figure 3: Comparison between the coverage of the GBs calculated using the DNA sequences (species abundance) and RNA sequences (average transcriptional activity). Data refer to the average value https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ratios-calculated-considering-post-vs-pre-lcfa-1u41wvv9.png Figure 4: Ratios calculated considering post vs. pre LCFA addition for the DNA coverage (Y axes) and RNA coverage (X axes). The plot compares variations in species abundance (Y axes) with variations in absolute expression level (X axes) prior and after LCFA addition. The central section (light blue rectangle) is enlarged on the right part of the figure. Colors of the circles are proportional (logarithmic scale) to the average coverage of the GBs (DNA coverage) across all the six experiments analyzed (three “pre” and three “post-LCFA” addition). GBs having positive values both for DNA and RNA coverage ratios (i.e. Eu05) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-number-of-differentially-expressed-genes-identified-28794p8y.png Figure 5: Number of differentially expressed genes identified for each GB. The number of differentially expressed genes identified for each GB and those that cannot be assigned to binned scaffolds (not assigned) is shown. The results are “normalized” by taking into account the variation in genome abundance. This https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-abundance-level-of-the-genes-in-the-six-kxvwk7t0.png Figure 1: Average abundance level of the genes in the six experimental samples examined. RNA-seq reads were assigned to different functional classes using “subsystem-2 nd level” in MGRAST database. The data are not considered separately for prior and after LCFA addition because the differences in expression were negligible. Only the functional classes with the higher expression are reported. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-abundance-level-of-the-genes-assigned-to-2ch1w98m.png Figure 2: Average abundance level of the genes assigned to different functional classes using “KO 3 rd level” in MGRAST database. Data are reported as stacked columns reporting values obtained prior and after lipid https://scispace.com/papers/unsupervised-surveillance-video-retrieval-based-on-human-4qqvwu9c48 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proposed-surveillance-image-retrieval-system-given-a-2e63eav5.png Fig. 1. Proposed surveillance image retrieval system. Given a query bounding box, the system outputs matches to the query according to its appearance and/or action in a search video. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-examples-of-queries-and-retrieved-results-the-cross-21rwgwvs.png Fig. 4. Examples of queries and retrieved results. The cross marks the incorrect matches. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-action-and-color-representation-of-the-query-and-3dqit2xq.png Fig. 3. Action and color representation of the query and detections. (Left) Original window. (Middle) The action representation uses a histogram of the optical flow magnitude in two regions along several frames. (Right) Appearance uses Color components in several spaces in two different regions of the window. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-precision-results-grouped-by-different-actions-1bk1rx9w.png TABLE I. PRECISION RESULTS GROUPED BY DIFFERENT ACTIONS. https://scispace.com/papers/untersuchung-der-kapillaren-transportwege-im-weistannenholz-47rmsh6qf1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-water-uptake-in-capillary-rise-test-at-different-ogjbggtn.png Fig. 1. Water uptake in capillary rise test at different heights of the stem (average with 95 percent confidenlial interval) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-ep-resin-filled-sapwood-tracheids-next-to-empty-wood-11rn8rul.png Fig. 10. EP-resin filled sapwood tracheids next to empty wood rays (TS, 85 X) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-in-situ-cured-resin-after-having-passed-a-bordered-pit-6j4vt7fl.png Fig. 9. In situ cured resin after having passed a bordered pit. Wood removed by sulphuric acid. (SEM, RS) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-accumulation-of-fluorescent-dye-on-pit-rnembranes-of-20s7mmna.png Fig. 8. Accumulation of fluorescent dye on pit rnembranes of bordered pits (TS, 170 x ) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-macroscopic-ep-resin-distribution-in-normal-fir-and-ok2xjiuz.png Fig. 4. Macroscopic EP resin distribution in normal fir and fir wetwood https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-gradients-in-coloration-intensity-between-neighboring-3k8a7j9v.png Fig. 2. Gradients in coloration intensity between neighboring tracheids (TS, 400 x) https://scispace.com/papers/untersuchungen-fossiler-holzer-aus-dem-westen-der-2mj20xhm64 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-querschliflf-vergr-60-fig-2-tangentialschliff-durch-1b0c2o6q.png Fig. 1: QuerschliflF. Vergr. 60. Fig. 2: Tangentialschliff durch den komponierten Markstrahl. Vergr. 60. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-querschlilf-vergr-35-hg-tangential-gereihte-serie-2hd4005v.png Fig. 1: QuerschliflF. Vergr. 60. Fig. 2: Tangentialschliff durch den komponierten Markstrahl. Vergr. 60. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-6-pruninium-gummosum-nov-gen-et-nov-sp-mit-oyz1ebfz.png Fig. 2—6: Pruninium gummosum nov. gen. et nov. sp. mit Gummoseerscheinungen. Fig. 2: Transversalschliff. Vergr. 60. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tangentialschliff-vergr-60-ap-unregelmassig-gestaltete-2w91sm8h.png Fig. 4: Tangentialschliff. Vergr. 60. ap — Unregelmäßig gestaltete Gruppe abnormen Parenchyms mit central gelegener in Wirklichkeit braun gefärbter Stelle beginnender Desorganisation des Gewebes {d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tangentialschliff-vergr-60-gms-gegabelter-markstrahl-2avgl6b0.png Fig. 4: Tangentialschliff. Vergr. 60. ap — Unregelmäßig gestaltete Gruppe abnormen Parenchyms mit central gelegener in Wirklichkeit braun gefärbter Stelle beginnender Desorganisation des Gewebes {d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-radialschliff-vergr-60-gg-gummigang-mit-bedeutender-92q5yzfi.png Fig. 5: Radialschliff. Vergr. 60. gg = Gummigang mit bedeutender radialer Ausbauchung, erfüllt mit mehr oder weniger isolierten Zellen aus dem zum Teil bereits der Gummosa verfallenen abnormen Gewebe. https://scispace.com/papers/untersuchungen-zur-vergleichenden-muskellehre-der-4uxi1vbb4g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-meku-faxtis-bezeichnungen-s-textfig-i6-s-74-1y9miy01.png Fig. 25. Mekü faxtis, Bezeichnungen s. Textfig. i6, S. 74. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-erhiacens-airopaeiis-1xxr50oz.png Fig. 21. Erhiacens airopaeiis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2-seitliche-ansicht-der-linken-rumpfhalfte-von-canis-20z3gmqn.png Fig. 1 2. Seitliche Ansicht der linken Rumpfhälfte von Canis vulpes. 2 : 3. v Muse, intercostalis externus ventralis. // Muse, intercostalis internus, in dem durch die Zacken des Serratus inf. veranlaßten Schlitz des Muse, intercostalis externus sichtbar. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-phoca-vitulina-bezeichnungen-s-te-tfig-i6-s-4-2v5ftunn.png Fig. 23. Phoca vitulina. Bezeichnungen s. Te.\tfig. i6, .S. "4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-coelogcnys-paca-8-bis-lot-thoraualnerv-ic-nerv-musc-2hcjlxms.png Fig. 14. Coelogcnys paca, 8>" bis lot«^ ThoraUalnerv. ic Nerv. musc. intercost. ext. dors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i-halmaliirus-sp-die-ventralen-aeste-der-6-letzten-tlior-3b008wpf.png Fig. I. Halmaliirus sp. Die ventralen Aeste der 6 letzten Tlior,nkal nerven zur Ucmonsiration der Innervation der Musculi serrati postici. V/II—A'/// die betr. Rippen ; s Nerv. musc. serrati post. sup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-oti-s-nnisimon-seitliche-ansicht-der-linken-npf7b01f.png Fig. 8. Oti's nnisimon. .Seitliche Ansicht der linken Rumpfhältte, dorsaler Teil. Bezeichnungen s. Textfig. 6, S. 49. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i-seidiche-ansicht-der-linken-rumpfseite-von-21z0bu2s.png Fig. I. Halmaliirus sp. Die ventralen Aeste der 6 letzten Tlior,nkal nerven zur Ucmonsiration der Innervation der Musculi serrati postici. V/II—A'/// die betr. Rippen ; s Nerv. musc. serrati post. sup. https://scispace.com/papers/untersuchungen-uber-die-fossilen-und-subfossilen-cetaceen-1e2nt78cia 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-7-pi-xxxviii-fig-1-3-et-pi-xxix-fig-1-5-pictef-tratte-398ct7a5.png Fig. 1—7; PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 1, 3 et PI. XXIX, Fig. 1—5. — Pictef, Tratte d. Paleont., 2'"' ed., T. I,p.385, PL XIX, Fig. 13. — Owen, Palaeontogr. Soc., T. XXIII (1869), p. 3, Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-der-aber-durch-seine-grosse-die-beschriebenen-2pbnx1tn.png Fig. 18), der aber durch seine Grösse die beschriebenen Rückenwirbel und Lendenwirbel dermaasseu übertrifft, dass er nicht wohl ein und demselben Individuum, sondern wohl einem grössern, wenn nicht etwa einer anderen, nahe verwandten, Art angehörte. Der fragliche Wirbel, den v. Nordmann weder beschrieb noch abbilden Hess, obgleich er als ein fast vollständiger erscheint, ist ganz entschieden einer der vorderen Schwanzwirbel, nach meiner Ansicht der vierte oder fünfte, da er an seinem Grunde von einem Gefässcanal durchbohrte, kurze, dreieckige Querfortsätze, so wie unten auf den Seiten seines Körpers zwei parallele Leisten besitzt, die in ihrer Mitte von einem Gefässcanal durchbohrt sind und zur Anheftung der unteren Dornfortsätze bestimmt waren. Der fragliche Wirbel zeichnet sich übrigens durch einen ziemlich breiten obern Dornfortsatz aus. Die Länge seines Körpers beträgt 2G, seine vordere Höhe ebenfalls 26 Mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-16-die-beide-in-betracht-des-fundortes-und-nach-14rc2xpk.png Fig. 15, 16), die beide in Betracht des Fundortes und nach Maassgabe ihrer Grösse und sonstigen Verhältnisse sehr wohl einem alten Cetotherium Klinderi angehören könnten. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-ist-rostbraun-glanzt-ebenfalls-und-weicht-vom-vorigen-1uz6o250.png Fig. 10) ist rostbraun, glänzt ebenfalls, und weicht vom vorigen durch eine etwas schmälere, centrale Leiste der unteren Körperfläche ab, dürfte also vor ihm seinen Platz gehabt haben. Als Abweichung vom vorigen sind ferner seine viel dickeren (22 Mm. dicken) Bögen mit ihren Fortsätzen und die dickeren (30 M. dicken) Querfortsätzc anzusehen. Er gehörte daher wohl einem älteren Thiere als der Vorige an. Seine Körperhöhe beträgt vorn 70, hinten 71 Mm. Die Breite des Körpers belauft sich vorn auf 80, hinten auf 90; die Länge desselben aber auf 61 Millimeter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7aa-und-b-b-und-8-b-b-reprasentirt-die-dermaassen-6wqr2yf6.png Fig. 7aa und b, b' und 8 b' b') repräsentirt, die dermaassen theilweis in Kalk gehüllt waren, dass sich bei ihrer Blosslegung ergab, sie gehörten der Mitte und dem vorderen Theil der Gelenkhälfte des Kiefers an und repräsentirten Theile sowohl der rechten, stark zertrümmerten (Fig. 7 a a), als auch der besser erhaltenen linken Hälfte (ebend. b, b' und https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-6-dargestellten-knochen-wirklich-fur-theile-des-3rvdf55m.png Fig. 3—6 dargestellten Knochen wirklich für Theile des Brustbeins eines Zeuglodon ansehen darf, wofür noch ganz besonders der Figur 6 abgebildete, gegabelte Knochen spricht, so würde das Brustbein von Zeuglodon dem mancher, aus mehreren Stücken zusammengesetzten, für die Insertion mehrerer Rippen bestimmten, Brustbein mancher Delphimtien ähnlich gewesen sein, namentlich z. B. dem von Belmja albicans (Van Beueden et Gervais Osteogr. d. Getac. Pl.XLIV, Fig. 4) so wie dem yon ZipMus cavirostris {Y&n Beneden und Gervais ebeud. PL XXII, Fig. 11) einigermaassen verglichen werden können, eine Ansicht, die wohl als zulässig erscheinen möchte. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-27-2x51vkvk.png Fig. 24-27). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-213-gleicht-nach-owen-ungemein-dem-von-delphkms-orca-und-1hzopcun.png Fig. 213) gleicht nach Owen ungemein dem von Delphkms Orca und melas. Im Oberkiefer sind alle 10 Zähne erhalten, im Unterkiefer nur einige vordere. Die mit dicken, etwas gekrümraten, kegelförmigen Kronen versehenen Zähne sind kleiner als bei D. Orca und grösser als bei D. melas, gleichen aber mehr denen des ersteren, jedoch besitzt D. Orca deren jederseits oben und unten 12, D. melas 11. — Von D. melas unterscheidet sich der https://scispace.com/papers/untripped-suv-rollover-detection-and-prevention-4w85iekjkf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-lateral-force-during-cornering-23123yeg.png Figure 2.3 Lateral force during cornering. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-5-linearization-points-u-10-m-s-2ylrbo3e.png Table A.5 Linearization points, u = 10 m/s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-the-total-controller-2j34vzs2.png Figure 4.1 The total controller. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-13-the-normal-forces-of-the-car-the-wheel-lift-off-2m867a9i.png Figure 4.13 The normal forces of the car, the wheel lift off warning signal, and the steering angle during the Road Edge Recovery maneuver with the controller active. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-4-linearization-points-u-17-5-m-s-2ov96y0j.png Table A.4 Linearization points, u = 17.5 m/s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-suv-in-the-beginning-of-a-rollover-3re9nb22.png Figure 1.1 SUV in the beginning of a rollover. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-linearization-points-u-25-m-s-1aj2psip.png Table A.3 Linearization points, u = 25 m/s https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-mean-execution-times-2rndk46c.png Table 4.1 Mean execution times. https://scispace.com/papers/unusual-doping-dependence-of-the-electronic-structure-and-16eejmoq4b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-the-band-vq2fl7sj.png FIG. 4: (color online) Temperature dependence of the band dispersion along the Γ − M cut for Sr1−xKxFe2As2. Second derivative of photoemission intensity with respect to energy (a-f) for x = 0 at 230K, 200K, 195K, 190K, 100K, and 10K respectively, (h-l) for x = 0.1 at 170K, 160K, 150K, 40K, and 10K respectively, and (n-s) for x = 0.2 at 150K, 145K, 140K, 130K, 100K, and 10K respectively. Dashed lines are the guides of eye for the bands. Note the minimum of the second derivative represents a peak, thus the lower part (red or white color) represents the band. (g), (m) and (t) are the temperature evolution of EDC’s at k = 0.6Å−1 for x = 0, 0.1 and 0.2 respectively. Note the momentum window is slightly wider for x = 0.1 data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-electronic-structure-of-sr0-8k0-2fe2as2-a-qfzimizw.png FIG. 3: (color online) Electronic structure of Sr0.8K0.2Fe2As2. (a) Photoemission intensity along the Γ−M cut as indicated in panel d. (b) The second derivative of the data in panel a. (c) The MDC’s near EF for the data in panel a. (d) Photoemission intensity map at EF in the Brillouin zone. Data were taken at 150K. (e,f,g,h) are the same as in panel a,b,c,d respectively, but taken at 10K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-electronic-structure-of-srfe2as2-a-3k1mjg88.png FIG. 2: (color online) Electronic structure of SrFe2As2. (a) Photoemission intensity along the Γ−M cut as indicated in panel d. (b) The second derivative of the data in panel a. (c) The MDC’s near Fermi energy for the data in panel a. (d) Photoemission intensity map at EF in the Brillouin zone, where the measured Fermi surface sheets are shown by dashed curves. Only one set of Fermi surface around M is shown for a clearer view. Data were taken at 230K. (e,f,g,h) are the same as in panel a,b,c,d respectively, but taken at 10K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relative-resistance-with-respect-to-the-resistance-at-207nnwsg.png FIG. 1: Relative resistance (with respect to the resistance at 280K) of Sr1−xKxFe2As2 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2) vs. temperature. The x = 0 and x = 0.1 curves are shifted up by 0.25 and 1 respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/unusual-atomic-arrangements-in-amorphous-silicon-1phr4ikof9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-edoss-of-the-reference-cluster-solid-line-and-of-2qj13j82.png Fig. 4. The EDOS’s of the reference cluster (solid line) and of another cluster containing one equilateral triangle (dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-cosine-distribution-of-bond-angles-in-the-rmc-p1b5id28.png Fig. 3. The cosine distribution of bond angles in the RMC model after 100000 (solid line), 250000 (dashed line) and 500000 (dots) accepted small displacements. The inset shows the region of the smallest angles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-pair-correlation-function-of-the-rmc-model-after-1ctkhpy3.png Fig. 2. The pair correlation function of the RMC model after 100000 (solid line), 250000 (dashed line) and 500000 (dots) accepted small displacements. The inset shows the region of the first maximum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-structure-factor-of-the-rmc-model-after-100000-1org57py.png Fig. 1. The structure factor of the RMC model after 100000 (solid line), 250000 (dashed line) and 500000 (dotted line) accepted small displacements. Symbols: experimental data of Ref. [4]. The inset shows the region around the main (second) maximum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-critical-part-of-the-edoss-of-the-reference-2a5i8hjb.png Fig. 5. The critical part of the EDOS’s of the reference cluster (WWW model) (solid line) and of the RMC structure at the 10th stage (dashed line). https://scispace.com/papers/unusual-evolution-of-tree-frog-populations-in-the-chernobyl-2u78wm2bz8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-location-of-european-populations-of-eastern-tree-17sknsig.png Figure 1: a. Location of European populations of Eastern tree frogs outside the Chernobyl 876 region sampled by Dufresnes et al.62 (blue diamonds) and the 19 populations sampled at the 877 Chernobyl region (red circles). b. Map of the Chernobyl region and location of the 19 878 populations sampled in 2016, 2017, 2018 in the CEZ and at Slavutych. The map was created 879 with ArcGis v. 10.5. Source and service layer credits for satellite imagery: Esri, DigitalGlobe, 880 GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the 881 GIS User Community. 882 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-between-genetic-diversity-estimates-at-3sp0kylm.png Figure 2: Comparison between genetic diversity estimates at the European level. a. Boxplot of mitochondrial nucleotide diversity (i.e. the 3 probability that two randomly chosen nucleotides of the cytochrome b at a homolog position are different117,118) for CEZ (red) and other 4 European populations (black). Genetic diversity is higher at the CEZ than at other European populations (Mann-Whitney, w = 99, p = 0.0004). 5 b. Mitochondrial haplotype diversity estimates (i.e. the probability that two randomly chosen haplotypes of the cytochrome b are different117) ± 6 standard error for CEZ (red), populations from Slavutych (green) and sampled by Dufresnes et al. (blue)62. Genetic diversity is higher at the CEZ 7 than at other European populations (Mann-Whitney, w = 91, p = 0.005). c. Boxplot of nuclear genetic diversity estimated on the 21 8 microsatellites markers117 for CEZ (red) and other European populations (blue). There are no significant differences between the genetic diversity 9 of CEZ and other European populations (Mann-Whitney, w = 13, p = 0.240). 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-haplotype-network-constructed-for-eastern-tree-frog-1tsq1tvw.png Figure 5: Haplotype network constructed for Eastern tree frog cytochrome b sequences from CEZ (red), Slavutych (green) populations, and 10 European populations sampled by Dufresnes et al.62 (blue) using the Median-Joining method126 and POPART software127. Circles representing 11 haplotypes, their diameter is proportional to the number of individuals and the number of horizontal bars between haplotypes representing the 12 number of nucleotides differing between haplotypes. The network structure can inform on the demographic status of populations: when the 13 central haplotype is large compared to the surrounding haplotypes and lot of one step rare haplotypes surround this central haplotype (e.g. 14 Slavutych and European populations), the population is in demographic expansion; if the central haplotype is not mainly represented and if there 15 are a lot of two or three steps large haplotypes, the population is at the equilibrium mutation/drift and is often formerly diversified (CEZ 16 populations). 17 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-correlation-plots-representing-genetic-diversity-15mhmnce.png Figure 3: Correlation plots representing genetic diversity estimates on population-averaged dose rate (ATDR) in µGy.h-1. Only populations of 3 the Chernobyl region (i.e. CEZ (red dots) and Slavutych (green diamonds), Fig. 1b) with sample size > 7 individuals were compared. a. 4 Mitochondrial nucleotide diversity estimates (i.e. the probability that two randomly chosen nucleotides of the cytochrome b at a homolog 5 position are different117,118) on ambient dose rate of the corresponding population. Nucleotide diversity is positively correlated to ATDR (S = 6 294, rho = 0.6397, p = 0.007). b. Mitochondrial haplotype diversity estimates (i.e. the probability that two randomly chosen haplotypes of the 7 cytochrome b are different117) on ATDR of the corresponding population. Haplotype diversity is not correlated to ATDR (S =, 658 rho = 0.1936, 8 p = 0.455). c. Nuclear genetic diversity (Hs) estimated on the 21 microsatellites markers117 on ATDR. Genetic diversity is not correlated to 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-genetic-structure-of-the-19-populations-of-eastern-2flnpyxg.png Figure 4: Genetic structure of the 19 populations of Eastern tree frogs from CEZ and 3 Slavutych. Neighbor-joining tree were constructed from genetic distances calculated as 4 Fstposi/(1-Fstposi) with Fstposi equal to the addition of Fst and the absolute value of the lowest 5 Fst in order to avoid negative values and respect proportionality of pairwise Fst (see Methods 6 for details). a. Neighbor Joining tree of CEZ (purple and pink) and Slavutych (green) 7 populations from cytochrome b (mtDNA). b. Neighbor-Joining tree of CEZ populations (red) 8 from microsatellites (nDNA). c. AMOVA analysis conducted on Year and Geographical 9 https://scispace.com/papers/unusual-dispersion-of-image-potential-states-on-the-be-101-0-30277cq6lt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-probability-amplitudes-averaged-in-the-plane-pa-3ah0spc6.png FIG. 3. The probability amplitudes averaged in the plane pa lel to the surface are shown for then51,2 image states and for th occupied surface state (n50). Vertical solid lines represent atomi layers positions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-unit-cell-of-the-be-1010-surface-top-view-the-20yro1o2.png FIG. 1. ~a! Unit cell of the Be~101̄0! surface~top view!. The numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 denote the atomic positions in the first atomic layers, respectively.~b! The surface Brillouin zone of Be~101̄0! with the irreducible partḠĀL̄M̄ . https://scispace.com/papers/unusual-emissions-at-various-energies-prior-to-the-impulsive-38i4suwpqp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-radial-distances-of-cme-features-above-the-solar-2r920jr8.png Figure 1 Radial distances of CME features above the solar limb, derived from LASCO C2 (filled triangles) and C3 (filled circles) instruments. The limb crossing time by a linear extrapolation suggests an onset time at about 19:34 UT on 4 November 2003, close to the first Hα brightening observed by BBSO (filled diamonds, see Figure 3). The data from NASA CME catalogue (http://cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov/CME_list/) have been added, with two positions obtained from C3 (open diamonds) and one from C2 (open square), exhibiting a similar onset time, within the uncertainty of a few minutes, assuming the validity of the linear extrapolation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-first-ha-brightening-observed-by-big-bear-solar-3igr6dun.png Figure 2 The first Hα brightening observed by Big Bear Solar Observatory around 19:32 UT on 4 November 2003. The crosses on the right-most panel indicate the source positions of the sub-THz pulsation at about 19:30 UT and the great flare occurring after 19:40 UT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-enlarged-sst-flux-variations-showing-pulsations-1lx4fkkx.png Figure 5 Enlarged SST flux variations showing pulsations observed at 19:30:30 – 19:31:00 UT. There is a nearly one-to-one correspondence between the pulses at 0.2 (top panel) and 0.4 (bottom panel) THz, for about 14 time structures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-rhessi-12-20-and-25-50-kev-x-ray-images-and-sst-1g7ww88f.png Figure 6 The RHESSI 12 – 20 and 25 – 50 keV X-ray images and SST source positions overlaid on an EIT 195 Å solar disk image. Crosses show the SST source positions of the pulsations at 19:30 UT (red), and the large burst that occurred later at 19:44 UT (cyan), with uncertainties of ±25 arcsec. The RHESSI contours are shown in green (12 – 20 keV) and blue (25 – 50 keV). Panel (a), obtained earlier at 19:29:12 UT, shows the X-ray sources located between the two SST crosses. Panel (b), obtained at 19:33:50 UT during the initial impulsive burst and at the derived CME onset time, indicates that the X-ray sources coincide in position with the SST pulsating source, nearly 2 arcmin south of the position of the large burst that began around 19:40 UT. https://scispace.com/papers/unusual-isolation-of-a-hemiaminal-product-from-4-cyclohexyl-1zz8ll35n6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-bond-lengths-a-and-bond-angles-8-of-hl-tzi0alch.png Table 2 Selected bond lengths (Å) and bond angles (8) of HL https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-molecular-structure-of-hl-intramolecular-hydrogen-3mjkt3vk.png Fig. 2. Molecular structure of HL. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions are shown as dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-compound-hl-36d7b4e5.png Fig. 1. Structure of compound HL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1h-13c-hmqc-spectrum-of-hl-3euqh4xr.png Fig. 5. 1H–13C HMQC spectrum of HL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1h-1h-cosy-spectrum-of-hl-2bi1oqey.png Fig. 4. 1H–1H COSY spectrum of HL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-molecular-packing-diagram-of-hl-the-unit-cell-is-3011w125.png Fig. 3. Molecular packing diagram of HL, the unit cell is viewed down the ‘a’ axis. https://scispace.com/papers/unusual-regioselectivity-in-the-gold-i-catalyzed-3-2-3li2vrnr6s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ortep-view-of-compound-3g-ellipsoids-at-30-1aus44wg.png Figure 1. ORTEP view of compound 3g (ellipsoids at 30% probability level). https://scispace.com/papers/unveiling-lithium-roles-in-cobalt-free-cathodes-for-4o7w7xali7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-electrical-conductivity-of-sr1-xlixfe0-8nb0-1ta0-15te3gsu.png Figure 6: (a) Electrical conductivity () of Sr1-xLixFe0.8Nb0.1Ta0.1O3- (0 x 0.1) materials against temperature, (b) Arrhenius plot of conductivity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-xps-surface-quantification-analysis-and-fitted-cn8nyhc0.png Table 2: XPS surface quantification analysis and fitted results of Fe2p for Sr1-xLixFe0.8Nb0.1Ta0.1O3- (0 x 0.1) cathodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-fitted-xps-spectra-of-fe2p-region-for-sr1-1ta3fx5e.png Figure 2: The fitted XPS spectra of Fe2p region for Sr1-xLixFe0.8Nb0.1Ta0.1O3- (x=0-0.1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-high-temperature-xrpd-patterns-for-sr1-xlixfe0-8nb0-3mcjw4ka.png Figure 5: High-temperature XRPD patterns for Sr1-xLixFe0.8Nb0.1Ta0.1O3- (x=0.025-0.1) at 600 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-arrhenius-plots-of-asrs-of-sr1-xlixfe0-8nb0-1ta0-y52mm3kd.png Figure 7: (a) Arrhenius plots of ASRs of Sr1-xLixFe0.8Nb0.1Ta0.1O3- (0 x 0.1) cathodes in symmetric cell configuration using SDC electrolyte, (b) Comparison of ASRs at 500, 550, (600, 650 and 700 oC, inset), (c) Single-cell performances of anode supported SLFNTx | SDC (24 m) | Ni-SDC at 600 oC using H2 as fuel at anode and air at cathode side (b) the corresponding impedance spectra of cells in single-cell configuration, (e) performance of SLFNT50 | SDC (24 m)| Ni-SDC in the temperature range of 500-700 oC and (f) stability test of SFNT and SLFNT50 in single-cell configuration at 600 °C for 100 h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sem-images-of-a-sfnt-and-b-slfnt50-dense-pallets-1h5zvgeu.png Figure 3: SEM images of (a) SFNT and (b) SLFNT50 dense pallets quenched at 600oC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-thermal-dependency-for-a-age-of-weight-change-and-37nbbks0.png Figure 4: Thermal dependency for (a)%age of weight change and oxygen non-stoichiometry (; dotted line), (b) oxygen temperature-programmed desorption (O2-TPD) patterns for Sr1-xLixFe0.8Nb0.1Ta0.1O3- (x=0-0.1) cathodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-xrpd-patterns-for-sr1-xlixfe0-8nb0-1ta0-1o3-x-0-0-26o6mbjg.png Figure 1: (a) XRPD patterns for Sr1-xLixFe0.8Nb0.1Ta0.1O3- (x=0-0.1) at room temperature. The peaks denoted with (*) are associated with CuKβ radiations, (b) Enlarged view of XRD pattern in the 2 range of 30-35o. https://scispace.com/papers/upcoming-role-of-condition-monitoring-in-risk-based-asset-2uvw00uexl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evolvement-of-maintenance-management-in-the-last-25oeioe1.png Figure 1: Evolvement of maintenance management in the last decades from reactive through predictive to finally https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-represents-two-categories-of-risks-the-left-2z487ihh.png Figure 2: Represents two categories of risks. The left triangle summarizes the technically triggered risks for the three levels of AM (strategic, tactical and operational). The emphasis of this contribution is on area O1. The right triangle summarizes the non-technically triggered risks for the same three levels of AM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-two-categories-of-risks-to-which-power-delivery-1rc1kct7.png Table 1: Two categories of risks to which power delivery companies are exposed https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-detailed-listing-of-the-role-of-condition-monitoring-m5qh0np8.png Table 2: Detailed listing of the role of condition monitoring to technically triggered risks https://scispace.com/papers/unwanted-metals-and-hydrophobic-contaminants-in-bioreactor-2ud4k7lxry 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-operating-conditions-of-membrane-bioreactor-during-15zvjp2l.png Table 1. Operating conditions of membrane bioreactor during start-up period (average ± standard deviation). Note that organic load rate was gradually increased to develop the desirable concentration of sludge inside aeration basin. The solid retention time was later measured bashed on the volume of sludge withdrawal during the period for controlling membrane fouling (COD = chemical oxygen demand, TVS = total volatile solid). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-portion-of-metals-and-di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate-in-1qmuu37l.png Figure 1. Portion of metals and Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in suspend solid, humic substances and dissolved part in raw landfill leachate. Note that the portion associated with suspended solid was retained by the membrane, and contaminants in free form could interact with the sludge. Yet, contaminants with highest portion in humic substances are problematic. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-performance-of-membrane-bioreactor-in-the-3l1yc7bw.png Table 2. Average performance of membrane bioreactor in the optimum operating condition (organic load rate=1.71±0.16 g/L/day, food/microorganism ratio= 0.26±0.07 gCOD/g sludge/day, membrane flux of 9.2-12.3 ×10-5 m/s, 12.5±1 g total solid/L and 6.2±0.6 g total volatile solid/L). https://scispace.com/papers/unveiling-the-interaction-of-vanadium-compounds-with-human-5fh3ckqpqy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-haddock-models-for-the-interaction-of-hsa-warfarin-mav48xtf.png Figure 5. HADDOCK models for the interaction of HSA (warfarin pocket, drug site I) with small molecules: A) the free ligand Hdmpp, B) the free ligand maltol, C) [VVO2(dmpp)2]–, D) [VVO2(maltolato)2]– and E) [VVO2(dmpp)(OH)(H2O)]–. The main interacting residues are shown by stick representation and electrostatic and van der Waals interactions are represented by blue and pink dashed lines, respectively. The figures were drawn with PyMOL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1h-nmr-spectra-of-a-a-solution-containing-vanadate-35fs47fh.png Figure 4. 1H NMR spectra of A) a solution containing vanadate/maltol (1:2, 1 mm in vanadate) and 0.03 mm HSA to which 0.1 mm warfarin (structure i)) has been added, B) the STD spectrum of the same solution as in A, C) a solution of vanadate/maltol (1:2, 1 mm in vanadate) and 0.03 mm HSA to which 0.4 mm ibuprofen (structure ii) has been added and D) the STD spectrum of the same solution as in C. A selective saturation pulse (5 s) was applied to the 0 ppm region of the protein. A 30 ms spin-lock pulse was calibrated to avoid unwanted protein resonances. Competitor resonances are indicated by * (warfarin) and # (ibuprofen). The difference in the vertical scale of the reference (A,C) and STD (B,D) spectra is due to the difference in the number of scans used in the respective acquisitions (see the Exp. Sect.). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-haddock-calculations-from-the-top-ranking-dt4rrfft.png Table 3. Results of HADDOCK calculations from the top ranking clusters after water refinement for each compound in their interaction with HSA. The HADDOCK score, energies of van der Waals and electrostatic interactions and buried surface area (BSA) were obtained from the docking calculations automatic analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1h-nmr-spectra-of-a-an-aqueous-solution-of-5-mm-xkbygkxq.png Figure 1. 1H NMR spectra of A) an aqueous solution of 5 mm Hdmpp, B) an aqueous solution of vanadate/Hdmpp (1 mm in vanadate) in an M/L ratio of 1:2 with 30 mm HSA at pH = 7 and C) STD NMR spectrum of solution (B). A spin-lock pulse of 30 ms was used to remove protein resonances. The signal assignments are shown in the figure: L is the free Hdmpp and VL and VL2 are the 1:1 [VO2(dmpp)(H2O)(OH)]– and 1:2 [VO2(dmpp)2]– complexes, respectively. The difference in the vertical scale of the reference (A,B) and STD (C) spectra is due to the different number of scans used in the respective acquisitions (see the Exp. Sect.). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-gem-relative-to-the-highest-values-of-astd-2um1y81p.png Table 1. Values of GEM relative to the highest values of ASTD (5- H of the 1:1 species and 6-H of the 1:2 species for vanadate/Hdmpp and vanadate/maltol systems, respectively) obtained from the interaction of all the small molecules with HSA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1h-nmr-spectra-of-a-an-aqueous-solution-of-60-mm-3s1l0pli.png Figure 2. 1H NMR spectra of A) an aqueous solution of 60 mm maltol, B) an aqueous solution of vanadate/maltol (1 mm in vanadate) in an M/L ratio of 1:2 with 30 mm HSA at pH = 7 and C) STD NMR spectrum of solution B. A spin-lock pulse of 30 ms was used to remove protein resonances. The signal assignments are shown in the figure: L is the free maltol and VL and VL2 are the 1:1 [VO2(maltolato)(H2O)(OH)]– and 1:2 [VO2(maltolato)2]– complexes, respectively. The difference in the vertical scale of the reference (A,B) and STD (C) spectra is due to the different number of scans used in the respective acquisitions (see Exp. Sect.). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-of-astd-for-all-protons-of-the-species-vo2-1b6k5ukc.png Table 2. Values of ASTD for all protons of the species [VO2(dmpp)(H2O)(OH)]– and [VO2(maltol)2]–, which preferentially bind to HSA, after the addition of 0.4 mm ibuprofen or 0.1 mm warfarin to solutions containing the vanadate/Hdmpp,maltol systems and the protein. The percentage of displacement is reflected by the decrease in the ASTD value upon the addition of the inhibitor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1h-nmr-spectra-of-a-a-solution-containing-vanadate-2bq3n0dk.png Figure 3. 1H NMR spectra of A) a solution containing vanadate/Hdmpp (1:2.5, 1 mm in vanadate) and 0.03 mm HSA to which 0.1 mm warfarin (structure i) has been added, B) the STD spectrum of the same solution as in A, C) a solution of vanadate/Hdmpp (1:2.5, 1 mm in vanadate) and 0.03 mm HSA to which 0.4 mm ibuprofen (structure ii) has been added and D) the STD spectrum of the same solution as in C. A selective saturation pulse (5 s) was applied to the 0 ppm region of the protein. A 30 ms spin-lock pulse was calibrated to avoid unwanted protein resonances. In this study, a solution of vanadate/Hdmpp, 1 mm in vanadate and an M/L ratio of 1:2.5 was used to allow the observation of the resonances assigned to the free ligand as well as those of the 1:1 and 1:2 species, and thus to identify the behaviour of the three species relative to protein binding. Competitor resonances are indicated by * (warfarin) and # (ibuprofen). The difference in the vertical scale of the reference (A,C) and STD (B,D) spectra is due to the different number of scans used in the respective acquisitions (see the Exp. Sect.). https://scispace.com/papers/up-conversion-injection-in-rubrene-perylene-diimide-589l354jii 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-current-j-luminance-l-voltage-v-characteristics-of-2xebhf4x.png FIG. 1. a Current J -luminance L -voltage V characteristics of ITO/ PEDOT/rubrene/BCP/Ca devices with EL turn-on at 2.2 V. Inset shows the chemical structure of rubrene. b Current J -voltage V characteristics of ITO/PEDOT/rubrene 60 nm/PTCDI 20 nm/BCP 8 nm/Al 50 nm devices with EL turn-on at 0.9 V. Inset shows the same data in semilog scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-energy-level-diagram-for-pv-operation-under-open-317l88pj.png FIG. 3. a Energy level diagram for PV operation under open circuit showing relative HOMO-LUMO positions of rubrene and PTCDI layers with respect to PEDOT coated ITO and Al electrodes. b Energy level diagram for EL operation at threshold showing relative HOMO-LUMO positions of rubrene with respect to PEDOT coated ITO and Ca electrodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-electroluminescence-spectra-near-threshold-of-1f42b387.png FIG. 2. a Electroluminescence spectra near threshold of rubrene only, rubrene/C60, and rubrene/PTCDI devices showing identical spectral features characteristic of rubrene emission with EL-peaks centered at 560 nm and 608 nm. b Photovoltaic response of ITO/PEDOT/rubrene/PTCDI/BCP/Al device with VOC=0.9 V. https://scispace.com/papers/upconversion-in-er-implanted-al2o3-waveguides-1rm9m5x90f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-luminescence-decay-curves-measured-at-1-53mm-dots-2jxdbf8q.png FIG. 6. Luminescence decay curves measured at 1.53mm ~dots! after pumping to steady state and switching off the pump source for four different 1 mm pump intensities. The curves are offset with respect to each other clarity. The data are for the low-concentration sample~0.12 at. % Er!. Fits to the data are shown as solid lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-three-different-concentration-quenching-3bsw300m.png FIG. 1. Schematic of three different concentration quenching effect Er31. The right-hand scale shows the Er31 energy level diagram with the corresponding Russel–Saunders notation for the energy levels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-convolution-of-two-identical-er31-emission-spectra-2g0bvsvw.png FIG. 8. The convolution of two identical Er31 emission spectra,wCUC(k), and of the Er31 emission spectrum with the pump spectrum,wESA(k), vs wave numberk. These curves give a measure for the probability of coo erative upconversion~CUC! and excited state absorption~ESA!. Also shown is the measured emission spectrum of the4I 9/2→4I 15/2 transition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-luminescence-intensity-at-980-nm-vs-that-at-1-53mm-for-3uosgb96.png FIG. 3. Luminescence intensity at 980 nm vs that at 1.53mm for the highconcentration sample~1.4 at. % Er!, on logarithmic scales~solid dots!. The calculated behavior of three possible upconversion mechanisms is sho cooperative upconversion~CUC!, excited state absorption~ESA!, and pairinduced quenching~PIQ!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-luminescence-intensity-at-545-nm-vs-that-at-980-nm-for-1syocubj.png FIG. 4. Luminescence intensity at 545 nm vs that at 980 nm for the hig concentration sample~1.4 at. % Er!, on logarithmic scales~solid dots!. A linear fit through the data is shown. https://scispace.com/papers/update-and-improve-subsection-nh-alternative-simplified-2m3pg3tjqh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2-3-relationship-between-hold-time-and-creep-damage-by-il0ew3cj.png Fig. 4.2.3 Relationship between hold time and creep damage by RCC-MR at 550C, 0.3% https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2-2-relationship-between-hold-time-and-creep-damage-by-2tbi046v.png Fig. 4.2.3 Relationship between hold time and creep damage by RCC-MR at 550C, 0.3% https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1-3-static-and-cyclic-stress-strain-curves-at-550c-1bnxsuoo.png Fig. 2.1.3 Static and cyclic stress-strain curves at 550C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2-10-difference-of-yield-stress-between-static-and-224uolfy.png Fig. 3.2.10 Difference of yield stress between static and cyclic stress-strain relations at 600 C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2-9-difference-of-yield-stress-between-static-and-wv41wn3r.png Fig. 3.2.10 Difference of yield stress between static and cyclic stress-strain relations at 600 C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-3-2-observed-and-predicted-creep-fatigue-life-with-pc8glnqm.png Fig. 2.3.2 Observed and predicted creep-fatigue life with time fraction rule https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-3-1-observed-and-predicted-creep-fatigue-life-with-2vvdd8t2.png Fig. 2.3.2 Observed and predicted creep-fatigue life with time fraction rule https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-4-21-comparison-of-creep-fatigue-life-at-various-3u569509.png Fig. 3.4.21 Comparison of creep-fatigue life at various strain ranges at 550 C https://scispace.com/papers/update-on-the-role-of-bone-biopsy-in-the-management-of-3wxsbrh1oj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-histological-features-of-the-different-types-of-3dt4frsq.png Figure 3: Histological features of the different types of renal osteodystrophy. Normal bone (red arrows): osteoblasts depositing osteoid; Osteomalacia (O): osteoid; Osteitis fibrosa (OB): enlarged active osteoblasts, (OC) osteoclast; Mixed lesion (inset): active multinucleated osteoclasts resorbing bone. Adapted from G.J Behets (34). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tetracycline-fluorescence-the-tetracyclins-are-wnotqwz5.png Figure 2: Tetracycline fluorescence. The tetracyclins are incorporated into the bone during active mineralization and form distinct bands that can be visualized under fluorescence microscopy. To further aid the visual recognition of the labels, two different tetracyclins which fluoresce with different colours can be used. Adapted from G.J Behets(34). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-goldner-stained-bone-section-mineralized-bone-12pgr83e.png Figure 1: Goldner stained bone section. Mineralized bone stains blue, while osteoid is stained red. For histomorphometric measurement a microscopic field is kept between the measured region and the cortical bone and the edge of the biopsy. Adjacent fields are measured until the entire section is measured. Adjacent sections are analyzed in case the number of fields/section is insufficient. Adapted from G.J Behets(34) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bone-biopsy-a-swot-analysis-25dwcyh4.png Figure 4: Bone biopsy: a SWOT analysis https://scispace.com/papers/update-on-cysticercosis-epileptogenesis-the-role-of-the-10feecyww9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-diagnostic-criteria-for-neurocysticercosis-z04uxtc1.png Table 1 Diagnostic criteria for neurocysticercosis https://scispace.com/papers/update-on-atmospheric-neutrinos-40lcxosvu1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-our-predictions-for-the-ratio-nm-0-ne-0-in-the-1ni2zvy9.png TABLE II. Our predictions for the ratio (Nm 0 /Ne 0) in the absence of oscillations compared to the M expectations (Nm MC/Ne MC) from each experimental group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-expected-angular-distribution-of-kamiokande-mu-gev-1cahzbar.png FIG. 5. The expected angular distribution of Kamiokande mu GeV events and Super-Kamiokande events~dashed histogram! obtained by Monte Carlo simulation by the experimental group co pared with our predictions~full histogram! and the experimenta data. We note that in these figures the MC prediction is based Hondaet al.fluxes@16# whereas ours is based on Bartol fluxes@11# normalized to the total number of expected events with the Ho MC fluxes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-errors-and-correlations-for-both-observed-data-and-1bwfilo5.png TABLE IV. Errors and correlations for both observed data and theory~MC! samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-allowednm-nt-oscillation-parameters-at-90-c-l-for-2rqntgrk.png FIG. 12. The allowednm→nt oscillation parameters at 90% C.L. for Kamiokande and Kamiokande plus Superkamiokande c bined. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-allowednm-nt-oscillation-parameters-for-su-3nem3xoj.png FIG. 13. The allowednm→nt oscillation parameters for Su perkamiokande combined at 90 and 99% C.L. The cross repres the best fit point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-neutrino-nucleon-cross-sections-used-in-this-paper-2b5vv028.png FIG. 1. Neutrino-nucleon cross sections used in this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-allowednm-ne-oscillation-parameters-at-90-c-l-for-1m1qtl4f.png FIG. 6. The allowednm→ne oscillation parameters at 90% C.L for each individual experiment neglecting Earth matter effects. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-values-of-x2-and-confidence-levels-for-each-expe-18385u3o.png TABLE III. Values of x2 and confidence levels for each expe ment in the absence of oscillations. For unbinned data the num of degrees of freedom is 2 while for combined binned data it is https://scispace.com/papers/update-on-the-nasa-glenn-propulsion-systems-lab-icing-and-7vadi1j8g4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tadas-model-sample-scl-and-ic-results-showing-effect-3eoh8a71.png Table 1. TADAS Model. Sample SCL and IC results showing effect of evaporation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-psl-base-calibration-configuration-the-bulkhead-and-26lw1ida.png Figure 1. PSL base calibration configuration. The bulkhead and constant area ducts are indicated: AeroThermal duct measuring pressure, temperature and specific water vapor; Tomography and Raman Duct; Cloud calibration duct measuring water content and particle size. The Station 1 plane is at the axial center of the aero-thermal duct. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spraybar-setup-in-psl-plenum-a-overview-b-close-up-1sy7t3ki.png Figure 2. Spraybar setup in PSL Plenum: (a) overview, (b) close-up of nozzle exit and cooling air ports. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-twc-in-supercooled-liquid-with-ikp2-and-mw-for-all-zkbz4zdn.png Figure 14. TWC in Supercooled Liquid with IKP2 and MW for all atmospheric flight conditions. Basis TWC_Ww is calculated from actual (vs target) conditions. a) Measured IKP and MW values at centerline, b) Bulk TWC from Tomography CF; data with contaminated tomography signal are not plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-goodness-of-twc-in-ic-conditions-fit-for-all-data-r5fxg2fh.png Figure 13. Goodness of TWC in IC conditions fit for all data. Inset: close up of Area 51, with the generic Mod1 curve fit, with its own curve fit. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cloud-characterization-test-schedule-8nkx3w8t.png Table 2. Cloud Characterization Test Schedule. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-goodness-of-twc-in-scl-fits-a-all-scl-data-b-plot-36md17du.png Figure 16. Goodness of TWC in SCL fits. a) all SCL data, b) plot showing the need for a Wa adjustment below Wa = 120 lbm/s values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-developing-a-best-fit-lwc-curve-3l8j4i58.png Figure 15. Developing a best fit LWC curve. https://scispace.com/papers/updated-greenhouse-gas-and-criteria-air-pollutant-emission-41p3fk7w66 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-ghg-and-cap-emission-factors-g-kwh-by-fuel-subtype-3gnd6440.png TABLE 12 GHG and CAP emission factors (g/kWh) by fuel subtype and combustion technology for the electricity power sector in the U.S. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cont-11fp3xm0.png TABLE 4 (Cont.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cont-evrt13is.png TABLE 4 (Cont.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nerc-region-representational-map-from-egrid-2010-24wnwzgf.png FIGURE 1 NERC region representational map from eGRID 2010 (EPA, 2011a). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cont-2655pdop.png TABLE 5 (Cont.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-co-emission-factors-of-egus-by-fuel-type-combustion-283rygy2.png TABLE 2 CO emission factors of EGUs by fuel type, combustion technology, boiler bottom and firing type, and emission control technology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-differences-in-energy-use-ghg-emissions-and-cap-7xzyyzrf.png FIGURE 2 Differences in energy use, GHG emissions, and CAP emissions per kWh electricity generated found in the present study, relative to those in GREET 1_2011, for electricity generation only and the full fuel cycle of the power plant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-life-cycle-a-ghg-b-voc-c-co-d-nox-e-sox-f-pm10-and-22vm7ug2.png FIGURE 3 Life-cycle (a) GHG; (b) VOC; (c) CO; (d) NOx; (e) SOx; (f) PM10; and (g) PM2.5 emissions of selected vehicle/fuel systems with updated https://scispace.com/papers/updated-horizontal-inequity-in-health-care-utilization-in-4y1x2k9l98 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-results-for-needs-27zw1tqz.png Table 2: Estimation Results for Needs https://scispace.com/papers/updated-status-of-the-global-electroweak-fit-and-constraints-17tskqiseu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-contribution-to-the-kh2-test-statistic-versus-mh-1wzrmac4.png Figure 1: Contribution to the χ2 test statistic versus MH derived from the experimental information on direct Higgs boson searches made available by the LEP Higgs Boson and the Tevatron New Phenomena and Higgs Boson Working Groups [60–62] and the ATLAS [63] and CMS Collaborations [64]. The solid (black) and dashed (dark red) lines show the contribution from LEP and Tevatron, while the dotted (light red) and dashed-dotted (blue) lines indicate the constraints obtained from the 2010 data by ATLAS and CMS, respectively. Following the original figures they have been interpolated by straight lines for the purpose of presentation and in the fit. The light green area gives the combination of these measurements. Correlations due to common systematic errors have been neglected in this combination. See text for a description of the method applied. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-coefficients-between-the-free-fit-3ne1axdv.png Table 2: Correlation coefficients between the free fit parameters in the standard fit. The correlations with and between the varying theoretical error parameters δth are negligible in all cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-oblique-parameters-in-the-warped-extra-dimension-22p71xeb.png Figure 26: Oblique parameters in the warped extra dimension model. Shown are the S, T fit results (for U = 0) compared to predictions from the SM and the RS model (grey and green areas, respectively) where gauge bosons and fermions are allowed to propagate into the bulk (top), and where in addition a custodial SU(2)L × SU(2)R isospin gauge symmetry is introduced (bottom). The predicted areas are obtained with the use of the L and MKK parameter ranges given on the figures. The symbols and lines illustrate example model settings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-oblique-parameters-in-a-model-with-a-fourth-24wa1stc.png Figure 13: Oblique parameters in a model with a fourth fermion generation. Shown are the S, T fit results (leaving U free) compared with the prediction from the SM (dark grey) and the sequential fourth generation model with vanishing flavour mixing (light grey). The symbols illustrate the predictions for three example settings of the parameters mU4 , md4 , mν4 , ml4 and MH . The light grey area is obtained by varying the free mass parameters in the ranges indicated in the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-constraints-on-the-add-model-parameters-obtained-3lvkis56.png Figure 23: Constraints on the ADD model parameters obtained by combining the electroweak precision data with the muon anomalous magnetic moment. Shown are the 68%, 95% and 99% CL allowed fit contours in the (MD,Λ/MD) plane for various numbers of extra dimensions δ and for a Higgs mass of 120GeV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-constraints-from-the-electroweak-precision-data-on-3syyfkft.png Figure 22: Constraints from the electroweak precision data on the ADD model parameters. Shown are the 68%, 95% and 99% CL allowed fit contours in the (MD,Λ/MD) plane for various numbers of extra dimensions δ and for Higgs masses of 120GeV (left) and 600GeV (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-constraints-in-a-model-with-a-fourth-fermion-woh4rzss.png Figure 14: Constraints in a model with a fourth fermion generation. Shown are the 68%, 95% and 99% CL allowed fit countours in the (mu4 − md4 ,ml4 − mν4) plane as derived from the fit for MH = 120, 350, 600, 900 GeV (top left to bottom right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-indirect-determination-of-the-top-quark-pole-mass-hq3d3lt3.png Figure 7: Indirect determination of the top quark pole mass: profile of ∆χ2 versus mt for the complete fit (blue shaded curve) and the standard fit (green shaded curve). In both fits the direct mt measurement, indicated by the dot with 1σ error bar, is not included. The widths of the bands indicate the size of the cumulative theoretical uncertainty in the fit. Also shown is the pole mass result inferred by D0 from the measurement of the pp → tt+X cross section [56] (square dot, see text). The grey shaded curve shows the constraint one would obtain for a hypothetical Higgs discovery at 120 GeV (with negligible error on MH). https://scispace.com/papers/updated-pigment-composition-of-tisochrysis-lutea-and-3eszk0jes9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-determination-of-k-values-for-fucoxanthin-fuco-in-d5jygprb.png Table 1. Determination of K values for fucoxanthin (Fuco) in different solvents systems, as [Fuco]upper / [Fuco]lower. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-uv-ms-esi-and-ms-ms-esi-spectra-a-b-and-c-respectively-t5k7brlb.png Fig. 3. UV, MS (ESI+) and MS/MS (ESI+) spectra (A, B and C, respectively) of fucoxanthin identified in Tl-EtOH (peak 1, Fig. 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-uplc-dad-chromatogram-full-scan-300-800-nm-of-tl-etoh-udmzv0fp.png Fig. 2. UPLC-DAD chromatogram (full scan, 300-800 nm) of Tl-EtOH. Peak characterization is shown in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-combination-index-ci-calculated-for-the-association-1naipgj3.png Fig. 10. Combination index (CI) calculated for the association of fucoxanthin (Fuco) with dacarbazine (Daca, A) and vemurafenib (Vemu, B) in the MTT assay. CI = 1 indicates additive effect, CI < 1 indicates synergistic effect, while CI > 1 indicates antagonistic effect according to Chou-Talalay method [30]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-chemical-structures-of-the-main-pigments-found-in-tl-x6y3r7rv.png Fig. 4. Chemical structures of the main pigments found in Tl-EtOH. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-flash-chromatography-of-f1-to-f5-purification-was-197hnyyq.png Fig. 7. Flash chromatography of F1 to F5. Purification was monitored at 450 nm. The peak corresponding to fucoxanthin (highlighted in orange) was collected for further analysis by UPLC-DAD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fucoxanthin-content-mass-and-massic-percentage-in-z0xo6zbk.png Table 4. Fucoxanthin content (mass and massic percentage) in CPC pooled fractions and after final purification by flash chromatography. Fucoxanthin dosage was performed in triplicate by UPLC-DAD analysis at 450 nm, using a commercial standard (purity >99%, Sigma-Aldrich®) (R2=0.9994). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scanning-electron-microscopy-analysis-of-freeze-dried-68fifava.png Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of freeze-dried T. lutea cells before (A and B) and after sonication-assisted extraction (C and D). Magnification ×6000 (A and C) and ×12000 (B and D). https://scispace.com/papers/upflow-anaerobic-microaerobic-fixed-biofilm-reactor-1phj0tnaf8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reactor-performance-in-different-phases-of-operation-3hoilhkp.png Table 2. Reactor performance in different phases of operation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-phases-of-reactor-operation-kps7gzi8.png Table 1. Phases of reactor operation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cod-and-nitrogen-balance-in-the-amfb-reactor-fed-263jetvi.png Table 3. COD and nitrogen balance in the AMFB reactor fed with domestic wastewater https://scispace.com/papers/uplink-pilots-for-multiuser-mimo-with-mixed-grant-free-and-1s5wtb409p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-grant-free-and-grant-based-coexistence-region-in-the-2oi37exa.png Fig. 1. Grant free and grant based coexistence region in the resource grid https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-user-activity-detection-probability-of-the-proposed-376kvge9.png Fig. 2. User activity detection probability of the proposed pilot design conditioned on K2 = 3 and K2 = 6 respectively https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bler-of-a-grant-free-transmission-conditioned-on-k2-3-11op7lei.png Fig. 4. BLER of a grant free transmission conditioned on K2 = 3 and assuming four grant based transmissions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bler-of-a-grant-free-transmission-conditioned-on-k2-2-3jq6ldar.png Fig. 3. BLER of a grant free transmission conditioned on K2 = 2 and assuming four grant based transmissions https://scispace.com/papers/upper-cervical-instability-associated-with-rheumatoid-7xxfrj32lc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-3gjrlnjx.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2xyvn1y1.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/papers/upland-contribution-of-sediment-and-runoff-during-extreme-4rb2ihgaxt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-of-daily-rainfall-on-days-with-rain-6gu84ssm.png Fig. 3. Distribution of daily rainfall, on days with rain, during drought and non-drought periods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-annual-precipitation-measured-at-the-usda-ars-riesel-3dg7kmoq.png Fig. 2. Annual precipitation measured at the USDA-ARS Riesel Watersheds (1938–2008). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-rainfall-intensity-during-drought-and-3pzu06zz.png Fig. 4. Distribution of rainfall intensity during drought and non-drought periods: (a) for days with rain, (b) for days with measured sediment loss. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-drought-and-non-drought-sediment-yield-and-runoff-dczu1ylr.png Fig. 8. Drought and non-drought sediment yield and runoff. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-drought-and-non-drought-sediment-yield-and-rainfall-28bkauiz.png Fig. 9. Drought and non-drought sediment yield and rainfall intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pdsi-and-precipitation-at-the-riesel-watersheds-28adjumh.png Fig. 5. PDSI and precipitation at the Riesel Watersheds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-distribution-of-daily-runoff-events-during-drought-and-1r7er5d1.png Fig. 6. Distribution of daily runoff events during drought and non-drought periods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-active-experimental-watersheds-and-rain-gauges-at-the-3krpvukj.png Fig. 1. Active experimental watersheds and rain gauges at the USDA-ARS Riesel Watersheds (Harmel et al., 2006). https://scispace.com/papers/upper-limb-exoskeleton-for-human-muscle-fatigue-2js299zljc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-of-human-fatigue-with-the-existense-of-an-2osbpx7q.png Fig. 4. Results of human fatigue with the existense of an exoskeleton: (a) Desired and actual trajectory of exoskeleton and human (b) torque of exoskeleton and human (c) human fatigue level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-of-human-with-fatigue-model-a-desired-and-3194979w.png Fig. 3. Results of human with fatigue model: (a) Desired and actual trajectory of human (b) torque of human (c) fatigue level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-torque-for-exoskeleton-and-human-1vl8hpj8.png Fig. 5. Torque for exoskeleton and human. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-in-muscle-and-joint-fatigue-model-45-2islc2nj.png Table 1. Parameters in muscle and joint fatigue model.4,5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-human-with-fatigue-model-b-fatigue-model-1ewf6gzq.png Fig. 1. (a) Human with fatigue model (b) fatigue model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-for-pid-2fs7s30q.png Table 2. Parameters for (PID). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-human-exoskeleton-system-b-integration-of-2wxht8ha.png Fig. 2. (a) Human-exoskeleton system (b) Integration of exoskeleton and fatigue model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameters-for-pid-3g61rlsl.png Table 3. Parameters for (PID). https://scispace.com/papers/upper-bounds-for-flexoelectric-coefficients-in-1xa66mis1q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-dependence-of-the-smallest-eigenvalue-otjjh0j6.png FIG. 1. Schematic of the dependence of the smallest eigenvalue k on the wave-vector of the modulation at the threshold of transition to the incommensurate phase. https://scispace.com/papers/upper-limits-on-the-o2-co-ratio-in-two-dense-interstellar-3kz472wi8y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-spectra-of-c180-j-2-1-and-the-160-180-transition-at-33jn1hcp.png FIG. 2.--{a) Spectra of C180 J = 2-1 and the 160 180 transition at 233.94618 GHz toward p Oph A. The intensity scale is in terms of T,.* as defined by Kutner and Ulich (1981), using the parameters quoted in Table I. Therms noise measured across the 160 180 spectrum is 0.0175 K. (b) As in Fig. 2a, but now toward Orion A. Possible frequencies of the weak, unidentified lines in the lower spectrum are (left to right) 233.9532, 233.9306, and 233.9142 GHz in the signal sideband, and 230.9392, 230.9618, and 230.9781 GHz in the image sideband. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-an-energy-level-diagram-showing-the-magnetic-dipole-1gdcchz5.png FIG. 1.---{a) An energy level diagram showing the magnetic-dipole transitions in the two lowest rotation levels of 160,. Frequencies and line strengths (see§ III) are from Steinbach (1974) and Steinbach and Gordy (1975). (b) As in Fig. la, but now for the rare isotopic species 160 180. Most fine-structure transitions have been ignored. https://scispace.com/papers/upper-mantle-oxygen-fugacity-and-its-relationship-to-47oum4gbu3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-x-t-vs-alogw-02-rock-maa-there-is-a-good-positive-8947t0gz.png FIG. 10.-X~t vs. alogw/02 (rock-MAA). There is a good positive correlation between measured Fe3+ of the spinel, reflected as X~to and the quantitative measure of/02. Symbols are the same as in figure 6. https://scispace.com/papers/uptake-of-evidence-based-statin-therapy-among-atrial-55vx42zkbh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-the-patients-3k39ngr7.png Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the patients. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-factors-associated-with-no-statin-use-in-af-patients-87spbr55.png Table 3. Factors associated with no statin use in AF patients who have indications https://scispace.com/papers/uranine-real-time-privacy-leakage-monitoring-without-system-46oc23m4y4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-instrumentation-flow-in-uranine-j6ou91cn.png Fig. 3: Instrumentation flow in Uranine https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-uranine-compared-with-dynamic-approaches-is-better-mn5zrrxj.png Table 1: Uranine compared with dynamic approaches. + is better, − is worse. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-uranine-implementation-depicting-the-use-of-existing-h64cut28.png Fig. 5: Uranine implementation depicting the use of existing code (white boxes) and the features we implemented (gray, discussed in detail in Section 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-macrobenchmark-performance-the-reported-times-3twufqb5.png Table 4: Macrobenchmark performance. The reported times (Original/Instrumented columns) are medians over five independent runs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-leaks-detected-in-automatic-tests-3rzrsvxh.png Table 3: Leaks detected in automatic tests https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-deployment-by-vendor-or-third-party-service-2xh27omh.png Fig. 1: Deployment by Vendor or Third-party Service https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-accuracy-evaluation-of-uranine-and-comparison-with-2vtbylrz.png Table 2: Accuracy evaluation of Uranine and comparison with TaintDroid https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-associating-taint-data-structures-with-objects-j52k4j1i.png Fig. 4: Associating taint data-structures with objects https://scispace.com/papers/upright-cone-ct-of-the-hindfoot-comparison-of-the-non-weight-3oo19d37zb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-50-year-old-man-with-osteonecrosis-of-the-navicular-18scfhxp.png Fig. 5 A 50-year-old man with osteonecrosis of the navicular bone. Images demonstrate the measurement technique of the talocalcaneal overlap. In the non-weight-bearing (a) CT scan of the ankle with coronal reformation (1 mm slice thickness), the head of the talus overlaps the calcaneal facet of the anterior subtalar joint by 4.9 mm. In the upright weight-bearing position (b), the talus does not overlap the calcaneal facet of the subtalar joint, resulting in a negative talocalcaneal overlap of -4mm (the dotted line represents the calcaneal facet) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-36-year-old-woman-with-an-osteochondral-defect-of-5ijraq5z.png Fig. 6 A 36-year-old woman with an osteochondral defect of the talus (not shown). Sagittal images (2 mm slice thickness) of a CT scan of the ankle joint show the measurement technique of the naviculocalcaneal distance. The distance increases in the weight-bearing position (b ) compared to the non-weight bearing position (a ) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-50-year-old-man-with-osteonecrosis-of-the-navicular-1j27rhea.png Fig. 4 A 50-year-old man with osteonecrosis of the navicular bone. Coronal image (1 mm slice thickness) in the non-weight-bearing position (a) demonstrates the fibular tip at the level of the reference line through the calcaneal surface of the posterior subtalar joint (fibulocalcaneal distance=0 mm). In the upright weight-bearing position (b ), the fibulocalcaneal distance decreases (fibulocalcaneal distance=-7 mm) with the fibular tip below the reference line. The lateral talocalcaneal distance decreases from 2.6 mm inNWBCT (a) to 1.8 mm inWBCT (b). The tibiocalcaneal distance increases from 15.9 mm in NWBCT (a) to 18.9 mm in WBCT (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-25-year-old-man-with-an-osteochondral-defect-of-the-36b1bu0h.png Fig. 3 A 25-year-old man with an osteochondral defect of the talus (not shown). Coronal reformation (1 mm slice thickness) in non-weight-bearing position (a) shows a hindfoot valgus of 12°; the hindfoot valgus increases to 26° in the upright weight-bearing position (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-25-year-old-man-with-ankle-joint-pain-a-and-b-2om1nwbg.png Fig. 2 A 25-year-old man with ankle joint pain. a and b Coronal reformations (1 mm slice thickness) of the ankle joint show the measurement technique for the hindfoot alignment angle. The axis of the distal tibia is defined by a perpendicular line to the midportion of the distal tibial joint surface (a). Measurement was obtained on the most posterior image including the tibia and calcaneus between the tibial axis and a line adapted to the medial osseous contour of the calcaneus (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-photograph-of-the-position-during-upright-weight-2wt9wg2c.png Fig. 1 Photograph of the position during upright weight-bearing foot examination using the cone-beam CT scanner https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-interreader-agreement-of-hindfoot-alignment-in-non-iptr7zrp.png Table 2 Interreader agreement of hindfoot alignment in non-weightbearing CT (NWBCT) and upright weight-bearing computed tomography (WBCT) https://scispace.com/papers/uranium-bioprecipitation-mediated-by-yeasts-utilizing-1awf4uslr6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-tolerance-indices-ti-expressed-as-a-percentage-of-3k65hqv2.png Table 4. Tolerance indices (TI), expressed as a percentage, of yeast species grown in MBM amended with 0.2 or 1 mM UO2(NO3)2 and 30 mM G2P or 5 mM PyA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ph-of-media-after-growth-of-yeast-strains-in-mbm-2gkk95l8.png Table 3. pH of media after growth of yeast strains in MBM amended with 0.2 or 1 mM UO2(NO3)2 and 30 mM G2P or 5 mM PyA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scanning-electron-microscopy-of-uranium-containing-3h8ttpui.png Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscopy of uranium-containing biominerals produced by Candida argentea, Cryptococcus filicatus and Cryptococcus podzolicus https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-x-ray-diffraction-of-biominerals-precipitated-by-1gjmpv3k.png Fig. 4. X-ray diffraction of biominerals precipitated by Candida argentea, https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fraction-of-pi-released-into-the-medium-by-the-test-2uv1oy1o.png Table 2. Fraction of Pi (%) released into the medium by the test yeasts after 120 h growth in MBM amended with 30 mM G2P or 5 mM PyA and containing 0.2 or 1 mM UO2(NO3)2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-growth-of-test-yeasts-in-mbm-containing-0-2-or-1-mm-jss4w5oc.png Table 1. Growth of test yeasts in MBM containing 0.2 or 1 mM UO2(NO3)2 and 30 mM G2P or 5 mM PyA as sole P source. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-elemental-and-mineralogical-composition-of-the-76rt0wvo.png Table 5. Elemental and mineralogical composition of the biominerals produced by the yeast species grown in MBM amended with 0.2 or 1 mM UO2(NO3)2 and 30 mM G2P or 5 mM PyA. https://scispace.com/papers/uranium-hydrogeochemical-and-stream-sediment-reconnaissance-3zw70hd4c9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-xe5peqa4.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-281b7z8j.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-1fckrj8m.png TABLE V https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-2qsyvbsh.png TABLE VI https://scispace.com/figures/table-iit-3mcb7j2v.png TABLE IIT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1cegydk0.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-ilyihw9r.png TABLE IV https://scispace.com/papers/urban-agglomeration-and-ceo-compensation-2547uqlb8f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-urban-agglomeration-and-compensation-components-1zzxrft9.png Table 4: Urban agglomeration and compensation components https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-evidence-from-firms-that-relocate-37lou8k8.png Table 11: Evidence from firms that relocate https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-urban-agglomeration-corporate-governance-and-ceo-14mcfhxf.png Table 8: Urban agglomeration, corporate governance and CEO compensation https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ceo-pay-skill-and-experience-in-big-cities-1v2ua05x.png Table 5: CEO pay, skill and experience in big cities https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-urban-agglomeration-ceo-compensation-and-managerial-2dsr46dq.png Table 6: Urban agglomeration, CEO compensation and managerial turnover https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-sample-across-metropolitan-areas-34udc7k1.png Table 1: Distribution of sample across metropolitan areas https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-the-effect-of-urban-agglomeration-on-ceo-pay-1uobwh9r.png Table 10: The effect of urban agglomeration on CEO pay, controlling for endogeneity https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-urban-agglomeration-information-asymmetry-and-ceo-2nulgm82.png Table 7: Urban agglomeration, information asymmetry and CEO compensation https://scispace.com/papers/uranium-series-dating-rock-art-in-east-timor-1h80mp34lu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-small-red-anthropomorph-with-weapons-and-linear-3azbjn2w.png Fig. 3. Small red anthropomorph with weapons and linear geometric motif in red, black and green in style thought to post date Austronesian settlement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plan-of-lene-hara-cave-3szbr8ek.png Fig. 2. Plan of Lene Hara cave. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-australasian-south-east-asian-region-72qi6f2k.png Fig. 1. Map of the Australasian-South East Asian region, showing Timor and Lene Hara cave. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-chemical-spectrum-obtained-from-the-laser-ablation-1f5vri9z.png Fig. 4. Chemical spectrum obtained from the laser ablation ICPMS analysis of a sectional profile across a small chip of calcite from Lene Hara Cave, East Timor. The surface layer of paint is younger than 6 ka, and the older red pigment layer, which could also be paint, is bracketed between 24 and 29 ka. The table summarises the analytical data measured by solution MC-ICPMS. Values for Age1 are corrected ages assuming an initial 230Th/232Th ratio for Bulk Earth at secular equilibrium ¼ 0.8 0.8. https://scispace.com/papers/uranyl-ion-containing-polymeric-assemblies-with-cis-trans-1gy3fks1dz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-uranyl-ion-complexes-with-c-and-t-13-chdc2-and-c-and-16tgox37.png Table 3. Uranyl Ion Complexes with c- and t-1,3-chdc2–, and c- and t-1,4-chdc2– https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-view-of-compound-3-displacement-ellipsoids-are-3eguw40a.png Figure 3. (a) View of compound 3. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. Carbon-bound hydrogen atoms are omitted. Symmetry codes: i = 1 – x, y – 1/2, 3/2 – z; j = –x, y – 1/2, 3/2 – z; k = 1 – x, y + 1/2, 3/2 – z; l = –x, y + 1/2, 3/2 – z. (b) View of the 2D honeycomb-type assembly. (c) Packing with layers viewed edge-on. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-view-of-compound-6-displacement-ellipsoids-are-17tdaymm.png Figure 6. (a) View of compound 6. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level. Hydrogen atoms and counterions are omitted. Only one position of the disordered atoms is represented. Symmetry codes: i = 3/2 – x, y – 1/4, z + 1/4; j = 3/2 – x, y + 1/4, z – 1/4; k = 3/4 – x, 3/4 – y, z. (b) and (c) Two views of the 3D entangled framework. (d) Nodal representation of a single 3D assembly viewed down [010], with [100] horizontal. (e) Nodal representation of the sixfold interpenetrated net; same orientation as in d, but different scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-crystal-data-and-structure-refinement-details-1fdt7vob.png Table 1. Crystal Data and Structure Refinement Details https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-view-of-compound-1-displacement-ellipsoids-are-1xrwlfai.png Figure 1. (a) View of compound 1. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 40% probability level. Carbon-bound hydrogen atoms and solvent molecule are omitted, and the hydrogen bond is shown as a dashed line. Symmetry codes: i = y, x, 1 – z; j = 2 – x, y – x + 1, 4/3 – z. (b) View of the 1D helical polymer. (c) Packing with chains viewed end-on. Uranium coordination polyhedra are colored yellow. (d) Intrachain hydrogen bonding (dotted lines). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-uranyl-ion-complexes-with-c-and-t-12-chdc2-3jnnh8bz.png Table 2. Uranyl Ion Complexes with c- and t-1,2-chdc2– https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-view-of-compound-2-displacement-ellipsoids-are-2psmqyyd.png Figure 2. (a) View of compound 2. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 40% probability level. Carbon-bound hydrogen atoms, counterions and solvent molecules are omitted, and the hydrogen bond is shown as a dashed line. Symmetry codes: i = 1 – x, 2 – y, 1 – z; j = 1 – x, 1 – y, 1 – z. (b) View of the 1D polymer. (c) View of the hexanuclear subunit. (d) Packing with chains viewed end-on; channels run obliquely, parallel to [ī01]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-view-of-compound-5-displacement-ellipsoids-are-24jltmpl.png Figure 5. (a) View of compound 5. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 20% probability level. Carbon-bound hydrogen atoms and NBu4+ cations are omitted, and hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines. Symmetry codes: i = 3/2 – x, y + 1/2, z – 1/2; j = 1 – x, –y – 1, z – 1/2; k = 3/2 – x, y – 1/2, z + 1/2; l = 1 – x, –y – 1, z + 1/2. (b) View of the 3D framework. (c) Nodal representation of the framework (uranium, yellow; dicarboxylate ligand, dark blue; orientation slightly rotated with respect to that in b. https://scispace.com/papers/urban-climate-governance-in-the-amazon-1oz51gqs9f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-3-regional-and-local-policy-documents-qualitatively-307edw0t.png Table 15.3 Regional and local policy documents qualitatively analysed https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-1-the-brazilian-amazon-states-and-their-capital-3pp9o39n.png Table 15.1 The Brazilian Amazon states and their capital cities https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-2-peruvian-amazon-departments-and-their-capital-3aimvfqy.png Table 15.2 Peruvian Amazon departments and their capital cities https://scispace.com/papers/urban-areas-enhancement-in-multitemporal-sar-rgb-images-f1jopaneht 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-subset-of-the-considered-level-1a-product-a-before-htadfczt.png Fig. 4: A subset of the considered Level-1α product (a) before and (b) after the feedback application. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-castel-volturno-town-italy-a-de-grandi-filtered-148rzj6w.png Fig. 1: Castel Volturno town (Italy): (a) De Grandi filtered intensity map and Level-1α representations computed setting the coherence window dimension to (b) three pixels and (d) eleven pixels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-map3-processing-chain-with-feedback-system-2dmj86l5.png Fig. 3: MAP3 processing chain with feedback system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-castel-volturno-town-italy-detail-of-a-group-of-godmflf0.png Fig. 2: Castel Volturno town (Italy), detail of a group of buildings: Level-1α representations computed with coherence window dimension of (a) 3 pixels and (b) 11 pixels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-buildings-masks-obtained-a-before-and-b-the-feedback-1st9f782.png Fig. 5: Buildings masks obtained (a) before and (b) the feedback application. (c) Overlay between the two masks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-refined-level-1a-re-quantized-in-49-categories-and-b-1twgdpzx.png Fig. 6: (a) Refined Level-1α re-quantized in 49 categories and (b) result of the application of the semantic query. https://scispace.com/papers/urban-consolidation-centre-a-literature-review-aktw1qkym8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-systematic-literature-review-process-26u09qtr.png Figure 1: Systematic literature review process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1w83k8fa.png Table 3: https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2r1heu8c.png Table 5: https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-30fj451g.png Table 1: https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1s0lbbch.png Table 4: https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-173lcugh.png Table 2: https://scispace.com/papers/urban-economic-growth-in-europe-between-2001-and-2008-2i6kv0v8bh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-by-city-type-2001-31akathm.png Table 2 Descriptive statistics by city type 2001 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fixed-effects-regressions-average-annual-growth-in-2tok37kj.png Table 4 Fixed effects regressions: (Average) annual growth in real GDP per head https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cross-sectional-regressions-ols-average-annual-3gt2ldzk.png Table 3 Cross-sectional regressions (OLS): Average annual growth in real GDP per head 2001-2004/2004-2008 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-2001-2k2i6bhe.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics 2001 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gdp-per-head-in-2001-and-2004-and-subsequent-growth-1kivlwc4.png Figure 1 GDP per head in 2001 and 2004 and subsequent growth in real GDP per head* NUTS 3 regions https://scispace.com/papers/urban-farming-in-nairobi-understanding-the-impact-of-j214wrv3cq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-2013-world-food-day-bulletin-1k5894b4.png FIGURE 9: 2013 World Food Day Bulletin https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-urban-farm-located-in-nairobi-kenya-16jn11kd.png FIGURE 5: Urban Farm Located in Nairobi, Kenya https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-vertical-farming-2rbt0acd.png FIGURE 10: Vertical Farming https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-participants-gathered-around-facilitator-mra8p7hy.png FIGURE 16: Participants Gathered Around Facilitator https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-homemade-incubator-38qjh3v0.png FIGURE 17: Homemade Incubator https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-types-of-food-distribution-of-participants-1v2zum1l.png TABLE 10: Types of Food Distribution of Participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-occupation-of-training-participants-2m1k4ok4.png TABLE 4: Occupation of Training Participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-education-levels-of-training-participants-35czj6dj.png TABLE 3: Education Levels of Training Participants https://scispace.com/papers/urban-industrial-relocation-the-theory-of-edge-cities-2itl9unavh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-case-for-intergroup-elasticity-of-substitution-2otd4s3u.png Figure 2. Case for intergroup elasticity of substitution greater than intragroup elasticity of substitution. In this case we have three equilibrium points. Two are on the boundary which correspond to the complete concentration in one location, i.e. n2 = 0 and n2 = 1, and one is the internal solution. The internal solution is however, unstable, so we https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-case-for-intragroup-elasticity-of-substitution-l3scwnd6.png Figure 1. Case for intragroup elasticity of substitution greater than intergroup elasticity of substitution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tridimensional-relationship-among-ratio-profit-ph-1yyt5s5x.png Figure 3. Tridimensional relationship among ratio profit (ϕ), interelasticity of substitution (ε) and intraelasticity of substitution (σ), given n1 = 0.7 and n2 = 0.3. https://scispace.com/papers/urban-growth-externalities-and-neighborhood-incentives-30a06oog26 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-optimum-subsidy-for-city-2b-1fp5shp2.png Figure 6 . Optimum subsidy for City 2B https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optimal-and-market-outcomes-in-existing-2zmvs6m1.png Figure 3. Optimal and Market Outcomes in Existing Neighborhoods and the Periphery for city 2B https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-costs-and-bene-ts-of-admitting-new-residents-for-3aph34yu.png Figure 2: Costs and bene ts of admitting new residents for city 1 as the infrastructure cost increases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-outcome-with-neighborhood-choice-and-optimal-tqnzwep0.png Figure 4. Outcome with Neighborhood choice and optimal subsidy for city 1 https://scispace.com/papers/urban-geometry-and-solar-availability-on-facades-and-ground-1390uuq8ey 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-polar-diagrams-showing-the-variance-of-grounds-2ijj5tb8.png Fig. 3: Polar diagrams showing the variance of ground’s permeability of the 24 urban forms in 36 directions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-twenty-four-urban-forms-from-central-c-west-w-and-2aanuoa3.png Fig. 2: Twenty-four urban forms from central (C), west (W) and north (N) London, in decreasing order of density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-left-ground-map-of-a-3d-model-as-seen-in-ppf-in-colour-2wgicay5.png Fig. 5: Left, ground map of a 3D model as seen in PPF: in colour the simulated area (i.e. building volumes in blue, ground in green), in black the surrounding building volumes. Right, perspective view of the same model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-density-m-3-m-2-and-mean-svf-values-of-facades-and-3jp056eb.png Fig. 6: Density [m 3 /m 2 ] and mean SVF values, of façades and ground, in 24 urban forms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-perspective-views-of-the-models-a-dems-b-and-maps-mcfp84io.png Fig. 8: Perspective views of the models (a), DEMs (b) and maps showing Euclidean distance of outdoor space from the nearest building (c) of C6 and C9 urban forms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-solar-indicators-and-sky-models-relevant-to-31wqugg9.png Table 4. Solar indicators and sky models relevant to different design goals applied to façades and ground. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pearson-correlation-analysis-2-tailed-for-urban-kxj8nrg1.png Table 3. Pearson correlation analysis (2-tailed) for urban layout descriptors and mean direct irradiance values, controlling for density variable. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-linear-regression-models-of-mean-global-a-and-direct-26nyx1kh.png Fig. 10: Linear regression models of mean global (a) and direct (b) irradiance values in January (x axis) and July (y axis) for façades and ground. https://scispace.com/papers/urban-landscape-influences-the-composition-of-butterflies-in-3jyxl8qnsa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-geographical-and-landscape-metrics-for-the-eight-2pswbwlg.png Table 1. Geographical and landscape metrics for the eight sample sites where butterfly assemblages were sample in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geographical-location-of-fragments-sampled-in-the-rx90sutt.png Figure 1. Geographical location of fragments sampled in the city of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. 750 m and 250 m buffer. https://scispace.com/papers/urban-informal-settlements-as-hotspots-of-antimicrobial-jyv5kqvrgz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reported-antibiotic-use-in-the-past-two-weeks-or-if-3pyoua05.png Table 1. Reported antibiotic use in the past two weeks (or if indicated, courses per child-year) among children <5 years old living in urban informal settlements, as compared to urban and rural settings in four low- and middle-income countries. https://scispace.com/papers/urban-mapping-using-coarse-sar-and-optical-data-outcome-of-2tm6fufba1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-confusion-matrix-with-respect-to-the-contest-ground-1c5nbbiz.png TABLE IV CONFUSION MATRIX WITH RESPECT TO THE CONTEST GROUND REFERENCE DATA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-city-of-pavia-imaged-by-a-sar-backscattering-amplitude-7g43nv3w.png Fig. 3. City of Pavia imaged by (a) SAR (backscattering amplitude) and (b) optical (bands RGB-431) sensors. In (c) and (d), the final classification map and the ground reference data are shown. The color code is in Table II. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-data-fusion-contest-data-set-1s4is08s.png TABLE I DATA FUSION CONTEST DATA SET https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-classification-schemes-a-all-21-inputs-feed-the-nn-the-2odvzkrj.png Fig. 1. Classification schemes. (a) All 21 inputs feed the NN. The feature reduction is obtained by applying (b) the PCA only to the SAR imagery and considering the first component of dates (1 : 6) and (7 : 9). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-classes-of-interest-with-relative-color-map-and-the-rbfd1y1x.png TABLE II CLASSES OF INTEREST WITH RELATIVE COLOR MAP AND THE NUMBER OF TRAINING AND VALIDATION SAMPLES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pca-eigenvalues-for-dates-a-1-6-and-b-7-9-of-the-sar-3pb9x0de.png Fig. 2. PCA eigenvalues for dates (a) (1 : 6) and (b) (7 : 9) of the SAR imagery. The difference in magnitude of the eigenvalues in (a) and (b) is due to the different value distributions of the data sets that are considered. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-accuracy-details-of-the-different-topologies-38auuye6.png TABLE III ACCURACY DETAILS OF THE DIFFERENT TOPOLOGIES https://scispace.com/papers/urban-simulation-using-neural-networks-and-cellular-automata-219d3jk77s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-ground-truth-and-ann-based-ca-simulated-images-for-157sjupi.png Fig. 3: The ground truth and ANN based CA simulated images for 2001 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ann-based-ca-simulation-evaluation-results-of-year-he32kkg4.png Table 2. ANN based CA simulation evaluation results of year 2001 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-shows-examples-of-the-training-data-set-and-the-2u54itg1.png Table 1 shows examples of the training data set and the calculated development probability from the ArcGIS environment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ground-truth-of-classification-image-for-1975-90-2ofebdoy.png Fig 2: Ground truth of classification Image for 1975-90 https://scispace.com/papers/urban-social-movements-and-the-transition-to-democracy-in-1wdawxykze 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-voting-patterns-in-lisbon-1975-1976-1hmzw1gh.png Table 1 Voting Patterns in Lisbon, 1975–1976 https://scispace.com/papers/urbandig-project-sport-practices-and-artistic-interventions-4j1f43lfff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-parkour-in-the-streets-of-dourgouti-1fe0pgil.png Figure 4. Parkour in the streets of Dourgouti https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-laundry-together-with-child-refugees-14vkn5yn.png Figure 5. "Laundry", together with child refugees https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-yoga-in-the-public-space-1hbvwsjo.png Figure 3. Yoga in the public space https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-local-capoeira-school-performs-the-2keb4zir.png Figure 2. The local capoeira school performs the neighbourhood's history https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-climber-is-climbing-down-the-marathon-dam-1cymrdph.png Figure 1. The climber is climbing down the Marathon Dam https://scispace.com/papers/urbano-e-rural-a-convergencia-de-dois-conceitos-ou-outros-xjvsj425al 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-numero-de-camas-em-estabelecimentos-de-turismo-em-2fprsry4.png Fig. 1 - Número de Camas em Estabelecimentos de Turismo em Espaço Rural https://scispace.com/papers/urea-nitrogen-creatinine-and-uric-acid-levels-in-postmortem-3hs8zrwihb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-graphical-representation-box-plots-of-parameter-2hsy1921.png Fig. 1 Graphical representation (box plots) of parameter distributions in postmortem serum (S), vitreous humor (V) and pericardial fluid (PF) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summarizes-the-results-of-statistical-analyses-for-zmc24i4q.png Table 2 Summarizes the results of statistical analyses. For all tests, statistical significance was set at p<0.05 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summarizes-ranges-mean-values-medians-and-standard-rxq0wj1k.png Table 1 Summarizes ranges, mean values, medians, and standard deviations for all tested parameters in all analyzed fluids. Results are expressed in mmol/l (urea nitrogen) and μmol/l (creatinine and uric acid) https://scispace.com/papers/urbanization-within-a-dynamic-environment-modeling-bronze-16nitt0r7b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-third-millennium-b-c-e-sites-with-survey-areas-in-32tgxd32.png FIGURE 1. Third millennium B.C.E. sites with survey areas in Northern Mesopotamia. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-modeling-representation-of-a-nexus-for-natural-and-t43qb88n.png FIGURE 5. Modeling representation of a nexus for natural and social process interaction: An agricultural field. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-effects-of-varying-household-access-to-plow-teams-1og6d7il.png FIGURE 11. Effects of varying household access to plow teams on settlement population sustainability. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-effects-of-varying-household-access-to-plow-teams-2z37wkox.png FIGURE 12. Effects of varying household access to plow teams on tillage-related crop failures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-settlement-cropping-response-to-a-five-year-3f1smr2z.png FIGURE 13. Settlement-cropping response to a five-year drought. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-immediate-area-of-tell-beydar-with-a-estimated-18go9bcy.png FIGURE 2. The immediate area of Tell Beydar with (A) estimated site-sustaining areas and (B) inferred cultivation from hollow ways. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simulation-entities-and-dynamic-behavior-models-for-1la3ehti.png FIGURE 4. Simulation entities and dynamic behavior models for a Bronze Age Mesopotamian simulation framework. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-household-rate-of-access-to-exchange-1ph8in0o.png TABLE 1. Comparison of Household Rate of Access to Exchange-Related Food Stress Coping Mechanisms in Harvest Blight and Baseline Scenarios (per year and per household) https://scispace.com/papers/ureteral-tunnel-length-versus-ureteral-orifice-configuration-12p2778uk3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-3d-configuration-of-the-uvj-model-b-zoom-in-view-xjagliq7.png Figure 2. (a) 3D configuration of the UVJ model; (b) zoom-in view of ureter with 5:1 tunnel length with golf-type office; (c) 3:1 ureteral tunnel with a golf orifice; (d) 5:1 ureteral tunnel with a volcanic orifice; and (e) 3:1 ureteral tunnel with a volcanic orifice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-finite-element-model-of-the-uvj-within-the-bladder-2jwdq6nu.png Figure 3. Finite element model of the UVJ within the bladder. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-forces-affecting-a-golf-type-versus-volcanic-type-14c6rixc.png Figure 6. Forces affecting a golf-type versus volcanic-type ureteral orifice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mesh-convergence-study-37mbtfqu.png Figure 4. Mesh convergence study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-paquins-1959-paper-fig-4-2mwf673a.png Figure 1. Paquin’s 1959 paper Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-closure-pressures-in-relation-to-ureteral-tunnel-3ooe1jgj.png Table 1. Closure pressures in relation to ureteral tunnel length, diameter and orifice shape. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-bladder-pressure-induced-ureteral-closure-with-3osd9q4p.png Figure 5. The bladder pressure induced ureteral closure with its zoom-in view at zero pressure (a) and closure pressure (b), respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/urgently-reveal-longly-hidden-toxicant-in-a-familiar-3tq9zx2rz5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-relationship-between-bet-surface-area-and-bisphenol-mhyow7zp.png Fig. 4. (a) Relationship between BET surface area and bisphenol A (BPA) adsorption capacity of BNC materials and (b) surface area of BNC materials versus qBET. qBET = qm/BET surface area, suggesting BPA adsorption capacity per BET surface area. qm: the maximal adsorption capacity. PC: porous carbon material activated without N dopant. BNC-x: the selected BNC material with various porosity and N dope content. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-kcn-concentration-in-bnc-materials-obtained-from-1lsc1a7q.png Fig. 3. (a) KCN concentration in BNC materials obtained from various melamine loading ratio, effects of (b) the melamine loading ratio and (c) N dopants on the release of CO during the preparation process of BNC materials, (d) linear correlation between boiling point of loaded N dopants and the integral area of CO peak 3 of as-prepared BNC materials. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-diagram-for-the-effect-of-carbothermal-2qigltwf.png Fig. 2. Schematic diagram for the effect of carbothermal reduction reaction on pore development and KCN formation (risk) of BNC material. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-x-ray-diffraction-xrd-pattern-b-x-ray-photoelectron-1alq1gqt.png Fig. 1. (a) X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, (b) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra, (c) KCN concentration ([KCN]), (d) the release of CO during the preparation process (e) linear relationship between the integral area of CO peak 3 and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and linear relationship between the formed KCN concentration and BET surface area for biomass-derived N-doped carbon (BNC) material prepared from various K2C2O4 loading ratios. N1: pyridinic N; N2: pyrrolic N; N3: quaternary N; N4: oxidic N; MS: mass spectroscopy. https://scispace.com/papers/us-fiscal-cycle-and-the-dollar-1i32sgxw2w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-what-explains-the-dollars-value-and-future-return-2lq3p0di.png Table 1—What Explains The Dollar’s Value and Future Return. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-us-flows-into-foreign-assets-2w5090e3.png Table 4—US Flows into Foreign Assets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-us-dollar-in-world-official-foreign-exchange-fr5d087i.png Table 5—US Dollar in World Official Foreign Exchange Reserves. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-simulated-and-data-moments-3ng5qkuf.png Table 3—Simulated and Data Moments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-us-government-surplus-to-debt-ratio-and-the-dollar-1m0p92ym.png Figure 1. US Government Surplus-to-Debt Ratio and the Dollar. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-other-countries-as-the-home-country-38xuzqfd.png Table 2—Other Countries as the Home Country https://scispace.com/figures/table-b11-horse-race-with-the-cyclically-adjusted-measure-of-uag5vxpu.png Table B11—Horse Race with the Cyclically-Adjusted Measure of Imbalance NXA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-variance-decomposition-3g61krem.png Figure 3. Variance Decomposition. https://scispace.com/papers/us-intervention-during-the-bretton-woods-era-1962-1973-3r5qp49o5p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2-us-balance-of-payments-trends-1946-1969-note-data-1lnou1b0.png Fig. 4.2 US balance of payments trends, 1946– 1969 Note: Data are from the US Department of Commerce. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-3-us-monetary-gold-stock-and-external-liabilities-1951-22j77ay0.png Fig. 4.3 US monetary gold stock and external liabilities, 1951– 1975 Note: Data from the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-9-federal-reserve-sources-and-uses-of-british-pounds-p2ef9y72.png Fig. 4.9 Federal Reserve sources and uses of British pounds, December 1961– September 1964 Notes: “Central bank” contains “exceptional items.” Data do not include unexplained items or profits. Data are from the Federal Reserve System. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-22-federal-reserve-sources-and-uses-of-german-marks-1dz72kf8.png Fig. 4.22 Federal Reserve sources and uses of German marks, October 1964– July 1967 Notes: “Central bank” contains “exceptional items.” Data do not include unexplained items or profits. Data are from the Federal Reserve System. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-21-federal-reserve-sources-and-uses-of-german-marks-2v1jp0x4.png Fig. 4.21 Federal Reserve sources and uses of German marks, December 1961– September 1964 Notes: “Central bank” contains “exceptional items.” Data do not include unexplained items or profits. Data are from the Federal Reserve System. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-28-us-treasury-sources-and-uses-of-german-marks-june-3l8s5qhy.png Fig. 4.28 US Treasury sources and uses of German marks, June 1970– May 1972 Notes: “Central bank” contains “exceptional items.” Data do not include unexplained items or profits. Data are from the Federal Reserve System. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-27-us-treasury-sources-and-uses-of-german-marks-august-337nrili.png Fig. 4.27 US Treasury sources and uses of German marks, August 1967– May 1970 Notes: “Central bank” contains “exceptional items.” Data do not include unexplained items or profits. Data are from the Federal Reserve System. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-17-federal-reserve-sources-and-uses-of-french-francs-1jplqge0.png Fig. 4.17 Federal Reserve sources and uses of French francs, December 1961– September 1964 Notes: “Central bank” contains “exceptional items.” Data do not include unexplained items or profits. Data are from the Federal Reserve System. https://scispace.com/papers/us-pharma-s-financialized-business-model-2bpbel7j65 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-500-highest-paid-executives-us-corporations-with-105u5qwk.png Table 2. 500 highest-paid executives, US corporations, with proportions of mean total direct compensation from stock options and stock awards, and representation of pharma executives among the top500, 2006-2015 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gilead-sciences-gild-nasdaq-stock-price-monthly-mr1jvq02.png Figure 1. Gilead Sciences (GILD: NASDAQ) stock price (monthly adjusted close), January 1992-June 2017 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-six-highest-compensated-pharma-executives-2006-2015-cl9d90gk.png Table 4. Six highest-compensated pharma executives, 2006-2015, with total compensation in millions of dollars (stock-based pay as percent of total compensation) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-biopharma-and-the-explosion-of-executive-pay-2012-1urev4qi.png Table 3. Biopharma and the explosion of executive pay, 2012, 2013, 2014, and, 2015 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-national-institutes-of-health-funding-of-life-1efwbtsq.png Figure 3. National Institutes of Health funding of life sciences research, 1938-2016 in 2016 dollars https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stock-buybacks-and-cash-dividends-2006-2015-at-18-us-2exvef99.png Table 1. Stock buybacks and cash dividends, 2006-2015, at 18 US pharmaceutical companies in the S&P 500 Index in January 2016 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-stock-buybacks-cash-dividends-and-r-d-merck-and-35fx3ygd.png Table 6. Stock buybacks, cash dividends, and R&D, Merck and Pfizer, 1975-2016 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-total-actual-realized-gains-arg-compensation-2007-3dneyw7p.png Table 7. Total actual realized gains (ARG) compensation, 2007-2016, of Kenneth C. Frazier (Merck CEO from 2011), and Ian C. Read (Pfizer CEO since https://scispace.com/papers/usability-in-virtual-and-augmented-environments-a-1rrxkqt8if 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-ar-experiment-with-a-clone-copy-of-the-image-seen-12z70muj.png Fig. 6. The AR experiment with a clone copy of the image seen by the user on the monitor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-ad-experiment-image-captured-by-the-handheld-3fud8g5j.png Fig. 7. The AD experiment: image captured by the handheld camera and projected on the monitor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-user-playing-the-game-in-vr-mode-dczcra8u.png Fig. 8. User playing the game in VR mode https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-image-on-the-monitor-in-the-desktop-version-of-the-38lhhdai.png Fig. 9. Image on the monitor in the desktop version of the game. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hmd-with-tracker-and-micro-camera-355zb2o0.png Fig. 1. HMD with tracker and micro-camera. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-distance-walked-by-the-users-left-and-average-speed-1cnszoqe.png Fig. 11. Distance walked by the users (left), and average speed (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-number-of-objects-caught-by-the-users-left-and-number-1lc12p9p.png Fig. 10. Number of objects caught by the users (left), and number of collisions (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-water-flow-data-set-1b1u1j9s.png Fig. 2. The water-flow data set. https://scispace.com/papers/use-and-relevance-of-bibliometrics-for-nursing-1zidee7quu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-h-index-graph-2dwmptuv.png Figure 1: h-index graph https://scispace.com/papers/use-and-organizational-effects-of-measurement-and-analysis-4ihpo49938 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-48-relationship-between-managers-understanding-of-24dt0u97.png Figure 48: Relationship between managers’ understanding of model results and overall value attributed to process performance models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-63-relationship-between-use-of-process-performance-14h8g4x2.png Figure 63: Relationship between use of process performance model predictions in reviews and overall effect attributed to process performance modeling, with lower project technical challenge https://scispace.com/figures/figure-37-major-obstacles-to-achieving-high-maturity-34-26xips5p.png Figure 37: Major obstacles to achieving high maturity 34 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-47-relationship-between-use-of-process-performance-37c1wx9b.png Figure 47: Relationship between use of process performance model predictions in status and milestone reviews and overall value attributed to process performance models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-33-promotional-incentives-for-measurement-and-2bwhh7nt.png Figure 33: Promotional incentives for measurement and analysis in responding organizations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-measurement-related-training-required-for-3c54fekp.png Figure 12: Measurement related training required for employees of responding organizations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-specialized-training-on-process-performance-3lbpa501.png Figure 13: Specialized training on process performance modeling in responding organizations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-use-of-methods-to-ensure-data-quality-and-3e2ibrvb.png Figure 28: Use of methods to ensure data quality and integrity https://scispace.com/papers/usability-of-electrically-conductive-adhesives-for-power-2rgtja5wyb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-resistance-of-adhesive-joints-formed-of-formulation-1zy9rc0u.png Figure 3. Resistance of adhesive joints formed of formulation C during loading with current pulses with amplitude 5 A and 10 A. Abbreviation A.T. means that loading has been carried out at the ambient temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-resistance-of-adhesive-joints-formed-of-formulation-38jvzgv1.png Figure 2. Resistance of adhesive joints formed of formulation B during loading with current pulses with amplitude 5 A and 10 A. Abbreviation A.T. means that loading has been carried out at the ambient temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-resistance-of-adhesive-joints-formed-of-formulation-5tj6devo.png Figure 1. Resistance of adhesive joints formed of formulation A during loading with current pulses with amplitude 5 A and 10 A. Abbreviation A.T. means that loading has been carried out at the ambient temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-apzpih68.png TABLE I. https://scispace.com/papers/usability-testing-of-an-annotation-tool-in-a-cultural-495zouveoj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-success-rate-by-task-dcycagj7.png Fig. 3. Success rate by task. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-how-difficult-the-participants-percieved-the-different-va36fv0n.png Fig. 5. How difficult the participants percieved the different tasks to be. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-quality-of-annotations-per-participant-z58rq6dt.png Fig. 4. Quality of annotations per participant https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-distribution-of-expertise-for-the-7-participants-2bax3rp4.png Fig. 2. The distribution of expertise for the 7 participants. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-degree-of-interest-participants-were-expressing-13661x60.png Fig. 6. The degree of interest participants were expressing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-annotation-tool-screen-with-the-class-selector-279w90s9.png Fig. 1. The annotation tool screen with the class selector activated. https://scispace.com/papers/usability-of-knowledge-portals-for-exclusives-in-local-411igjsiwc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-working-with-sony-knowledge-portal-d7fwsf37.png Fig. 4. Working with SONY Knowledge Portal https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-example-of-rti-knowledge-portal-ltj2hbru.png Fig. 2. An example of RTI Knowledge Portal https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-portals-of-silesia-agglomeration-with-exclusive-quests-frdavn04.png Fig. 6. Portals of Silesia agglomeration with exclusive quests https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-architecture-of-knowledge-portal-for-exclusives-2mv0lqin.png Fig. 5. Architecture of Knowledge Portal for Exclusives https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-icsi-knowledge-portal-g4ckykj3.png Fig. 3. ICSI - Knowledge Portal https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-elements-of-corporate-portals-3kkd4s08.png Fig. 1. Elements of Corporate Portals https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-additional-fission-sources-or-scattering-sources-to-20hgpyq8ko 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-34-26nxtlfp.png TABLE IV. 34 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-regional-bucklings-for-34-49-cm-core-height-axial-2j2mpn1l.png TABLE II. Regional Bucklings for 34.49-cm (Core-height) Axial Slice https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-shows-the-flux-errors-in-core-rows-1-and-5-3w419xns.png Figure 23 shows the flux errors in core rows 1 and 5, reflector row 9, and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-in-the-reference-rz-calculation-37-4-of-the-fissions-3tb8gh7o.png Fig. 11. In the reference RZ calculation, 37.4% of the fissions occurred in the top slice, 24.0% in the middle slice, and 36.1% in the bottom slice. The other https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-geometrical-definition-used-for-figs-15-and-17-19-in-1jf5q8dn.png Fig. 16. Geometrical Definition Used for Figs. 15 and 17-19. In Fig. 15, for example, r0 is the radial distance from core centerline to the outer boundary of the first https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-28dt8hwn.png Fig. 14 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-polar-plot-of-angular-flux-for-energy-groups-1-15-and-3n73npu2.png Fig. 15, Polar Plot of Angular Flux for Energy Groups 1, 15, and 30 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-shows-che-energy-dependence-of-the-angular-flux-26jrrbou.png Fig. 15, Polar Plot of Angular Flux for Energy Groups 1, 15, and 30 https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-antihypertensive-drugs-and-risk-of-keratinocyte-52cr59sd4v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-subgroup-analysis-of-use-of-diuretics-and-risk-of-kc-16qzrjgn.png Table 2. Subgroup analysis of use of diuretics and risk of KC 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-included-studies-1-1g8kl79m.png Table 1. Characteristics of included studies 1 https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-attosecond-electron-pulses-to-image-electronic-motion-f3f63qyc7q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-b-the-momentum-density-of-an-equal-superposition-uhzl0w21.png Figure 7: (a-b) The momentum density of an equal superposition of the σg1s and σu1s states of the H + 2 molecular ion along the molecular axis at four different times, t = 0, T/4, T/2, and 3T/4, where T is the beat period of the coherent target state. The inset figures show the corresponding electron charge densities. (c) The corresponding triple differential probability (TDP) at the same four values of pump-probe delay times.17 The H+2 molecular ion is assumed to be oriented such that 〈cos2 θmol〉 = 0.78 and 〈cos θmol〉 = 0.39. The bond length is modeled by a Gaussian distribution centered at R = 6 a.u. with FWHM of 0.3 a.u. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-the-momentum-densities-of-the-breathing-mode-of-3k5mskt6.png Figure 6: (a) The momentum densities of the breathing mode of electronic motion of a coherent superposition of the 3p and 4p states of the H atom along the z axis at three different times, t = 0, T/4, and T/2, where T is the beat period of the coherent target state. (b) The measured probabilities integrated over the distributions of the experimental parameters at the same three pump-probe delay times.17 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-experimental-setup-for-ultrafast-electron-nofxznvn.png Figure 1: Schematic experimental setup for ultrafast electron diffraction from a coherent superposition of target states.16 The coherent state is produced by an optical pump pulse and probed by a time-delayed ultrafast electron pulse. The diffraction images are measured as a function of pump-probe delay time. The red arrow indicates the polarization direction of the pump laser. For future reference, the scattering angle θ and the azimuthal angle ϕ are defined here. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-setup-of-time-resolved-ultrafast-e-2e-jqjt2rfw.png Figure 4: Schematic setup of time-resolved ultrafast (e, 2e) momentum spectroscopy.17 The symmetricnoncoplanar setup is chosen in order to image the momentum density of the coherent electronic state of the target. In this setup the momentum density of the target electron can be measured by varying the detection angle φ of the two outgoing electrons. The momenta of the projectile, scattered, and ejected electrons are labelled by k0, ka, and kb, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-electron-density-of-the-coherent-superposition-3kc1p312.png Figure 2: The electron density of the coherent superposition state (6) of the H atom in the y-z plane as a function of time (left column) and the corresponding differential cross section (right column) of a 258 as (FWHM) electron pulse scattered from that time-dependent state.16 Only upper diffraction images are shown owing to symmetry. The coherent state is produced by equally superposing 3p and 4p states of H atom; it manifests a breathing mode of electronic motion. The beating period is T = 6.25 fs. The energy of the projectile electron is 10 keV, and its angular divergence is 10−3 rad. See Figure 1 for the definition of the scattering angle θ and azimuthal angle ϕ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-upper-panel-the-radial-probability-density-of-the-3kzhaoiu.png Figure 5: (a) Upper panel : The radial probability density of the breathing mode of a coherent superposition of the 3p and 4p states of the H atom at three different times, t = 0, T/4, and T/2, where T is the beat period of the coherent target state; Lower panel : the Coulomb potential. (b) The momentum density in the y-z plane at the same three times; note that the vertical scale of the bottom panel differs from that of the top two panels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-electron-density-of-a-coherent-state-an-equal-3euhazsq.png Figure 3: The electron density of a coherent state (an equal superposition of σg1s and σu1s) of T + 2 as a function of time (left column) and the corresponding differential cross sections for scattering of a 258 as electron pulse (right column).16 The target coherent state exhibits hopping of the electron between the two nuclei. The molecular bond length distribution is modeled by a Gaussian distribution centered at 6 a.u. with a 0.71 a.u. width (FWHM). The internuclear angular distribution is chosen to be cos12 θmol such that the half width is 19.3 ◦. https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-applied-theatre-in-health-research-dissemination-and-11o0kr7u9i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spect-actors-assist-the-afflicted-into-a-wfxq5qqb.png Figure 1 Spect-actors assist the afflicted into a wheelbarrow. https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-community-based-intervention-to-promote-family-2j7c2o4wm3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimated-independent-t-test-coefficients-to-show-2fhktgcj.png Table 5: Estimated independent t-test coefficients to show the effect of male involvement, women’s education on FP versus control group on FP use, Afar 2019. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-and-end-line-information-in-accordance-with-1873i1is.png Table 1:- Baseline and end line information in accordance with control, women and male arm among Pastoralist married women Afar, 2019 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-absolute-number-of-fp-users-and-prevalence-ratio-in-2syk8w3g.png Table 3: Absolute number of FP users and Prevalence ratio in the baseline and end line in accordance with arms Afar, Ethiopia, 2019 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-description-of-fp-users-by-selected-variables-in-33rosint.png Table 4: -Description of FP users by selected variables in accordance with their arms in Afar, Ethiopia,2019 https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-baited-remote-underwater-video-bruv-and-motion-81xbzgk1nj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-deployment-diagram-of-the-bruv-and-sound-1joujezm.png Figure 3 A. Deployment diagram of the BRUV and sound projector array from an anchored vessel (left) 9 and from shore (right). A. BRUV frame, B. subsurface buoy with umbilical cable to boat, C. Buoy for 10 retrieval of frame and for mounting of the access point that provided the wireless link when in use, D. 11 Transducer array (2 – 6 projectors), E. experimental vessel with a frame for deployment of equipment and 12 playback controls, F. Field of view, G Observer station on shore with laptop and playback controls. 13 Figure from Roberts 2015. 14 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-digital-stills-taken-from-simi-motion-analysis-3nsz20kv.png Figure 5 Digital stills taken from SIMI Motion Analysis software, tracking the movement of three pollack 2 (Pollacius pollachius) in response to playback noise (view from the left camera of the stereoscopic pair). 3 Each fish was shown to accelerate after exposure. Red fish (trace) acceleration and change of direction 4 exhibited, Yellow fish (trace) sharp change of direction exhibited and acceleration out of the field of view, 5 Blue fish (trace) approximately vertical movement exhibited prior to playback, then a sharp change of 6 direction in the horizontal plane to leave the field of view. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-studies-which-have-observed-fish-captive-15baeri0.png Table 3 Summary of studies which have observed fish (captive or free-living) during playbacks of sound in field conditions up to 2015. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-table-for-the-results-of-bruv-trials-njkg472k.png Table 2 Summary table for the results of BRUV trials. Behavioural responses are described as orientation response (POR), brief orientation response (OR), moved out of frame and returned immediately (MORI), no response (NR), moved out of frame no return (MON). Reactions were exhibited at the highest exposure levels. Figures in brackets indicate the number of fish exposed in total (total number of successful playbacks) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-behavioural-changes-recorded-at-playback-occurrences-2vpfo4p1.png Table 1 Behavioural changes recorded at playback occurrences, as scored based on preliminary 6 observations, and definitions from Slabbekoorn et al. (2010) and Van der Graaf et al. (2012) for free-living 7 animals. 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-digital-stills-taken-from-simi-motion-analysis-1cb9r98e.png Figure 4 Digital stills taken from SIMI Motion Analysis software, tracking the movement of two-spotted 2 goby (Gobiusculus flavescens) around the BRUV bait bag during testing of the system (view from the 3 right camera of the stereoscopic pair). Digital still of motion analysis software showing the original video 4 still and a graph of fish acceleration (A), with different colours representing the various gobies tracked in 5 (B); Example tracks of four different gobies, shown in different colours. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-initial-bruv-prototype-a-consisting-of-a-large-2swpqu4b.png Figure 1 Initial BRUV (Prototype A), consisting of a large steel frame equipped with two cameras and a 2 hydrophone connected to a central subsea housing containing power and mini DVR recorders. Two 3 remote recording pods with hydrophones recorded sound levels. A. Recording pod with Aquarian Audio 4 hydrophone, B. stereoscopic camera (s), C. recording pod with Brüel & Kjær hydrophone, D. Bait bag, E. 5 Aquarian audio hydrophone connected to mini DVR recorders for synchronization of video and sound. F. 6 IP camera for live video link to surface (umbilical cable not shown). G. Subsea housing containing mini 7 DVR recorders and power supplies, H. subsurface buoy. Second BRUV system (Prototype B) with the 8 subsea housing removed (G), and cameras wired to the surface via an armoured umbilical cable. Figure 9 from Roberts 2015. 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-buoy-built-to-transmit-a-live-ip-camera-signal-3szu950w.png Figure 2 Buoy built to transmit a live IP camera signal remotely to the operator station, consisting of 12 power supply and waterproof wireless router. A. Wireless router and high power omnidirectional antena, 13 B. Power supply, C. Pelicase containing wiring and mini DVR recorders, D. Battery supplies held inside 14 the buoy, E. Umbilical cable attached to the BRUV on the seabed, F. Slotted steel frame containing 15 polystyrene cube. Figure from Roberts 2015. 16 https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-downscaling-procedure-for-macroscopic-heat-source-3rqelaxx9u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-porous-medium-and-length-scales-the-fluid-phase-is-2jm65s2j.png Figure 1: Porous medium and length scales; the fluid phase is represented in white. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-t-compared-to-t-fref-using-s0-and-sd-for-pein-a-0-2ksvapr3.png Figure 13: T compared to 〈T 〉fref using S0 and Sd for Pein = (a) 0.1, (b) 1 and (c) 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-average-relative-error-s2-see-eq-38-for-pein-a-0-01-2706jenu.png Figure 9: Average relative error S2 (see Eq. (38)) for Pein = (a) 0.01, (b) 0.1, (c) 1, (d) 10 and (e) 100. Only cells above or on the symmetry line are represented. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-effective-conductivity-used-in-sect-4-versus-14upyngh.png Figure 14: Effective conductivity used in Sect. 4 (versus Pecell = v/(aA)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-reference-geometry-and-macroscopic-simulation-k25siuqi.png Figure 10: Reference geometry and macroscopic simulation domain (in red). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numerical-values-for-the-reference-problem-2jv5vf2t.png Table 1: Numerical values for the reference problem https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-numerical-values-for-the-reference-problem-2mppsmog.png Table 2: Numerical values for the reference problem https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-reference-geometry-the-m-n-couples-identify-each-18mzchsk.png Figure 4: (a) Reference geometry (the (m,n) couples identify each cell); (b) unit cell. https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-drugs-with-anticholinergic-effect-and-impact-on-444gky1cde 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dsm-iv-tr-criteria-for-major-and-minor-depression-1l0jfiie.png Table 1) DSM-IV-TR criteria for major and minor depression https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-elastic-follow-up-to-study-the-effect-of-displacement-27ntdqzaod 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-analytical-and-fe-calculations-for-the-collapse-1slz0ser.png Fig. 5 Analytical and FE calculations for the collapse pressure versus initial end load for unflawed thick and thin-walled pipes under fixed tensile load and displacement conditions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-geometry-of-the-pipe-containing-a-fully-3cmmo7fc.png Fig. 6 Geometry of the pipe containing a fully circumferential crack https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-global-collapse-gc-and-local-net-section-yield-lc-2itxok6l.png Fig. 8 global collapse (GC) and local net section yield (LC) pressure calculated for a pipe containing a fully circumferential crack subjected to internal pressure only using FE method https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-fe-meshes-used-for-the-analysis-of-a-full-25l5v9sv.png Fig. 7 FE meshes used for the analysis of a full circumferentially cracked pipe https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-global-collapse-pressure-versus-initially-axial-load-gltiqd7o.png Fig. 13 Global collapse pressure versus initially axial load induced by fixed displacement for different lengths of open- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-stress-strain-curve-showing-elastic-follow-up-between-34obsl73.png Fig. 1 Stress-strain curve showing elastic follow-up between the fixed load and fixed displacement boundary conditions [15] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-accumulation-of-plasticity-obtained-from-fe-analysis-1njw9doz.png Fig. 10 Accumulation of plasticity obtained from FE analysis at the onset of the global collapse for (a) a short pipe and (b) a long pipe containing a fully circumferential crack with crack depth of a/t=0.75 when normalised axial load controlled by fixed displacement is 0.2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-global-collapse-pressure-and-pressure-to-cause-local-g4pmtta7.png Fig. 9 Global collapse pressure and pressure to cause local net section yield versus initial end load for (a) a short pipe and (b) a long pipe containing a fully circumferential crack with crack depth of a/t=0.75 under fixed axial load and axial displacement conditions https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-discriminant-analysis-in-search-of-a-neutral-higgs-3o1pig6lkn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-h-0-e-ciency-and-qq-rejection-factor-for-the-3bjh09ll.png Figure 2: H 0 e ciency and qq rejection factor for the optimization- and test sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-e-ciencies-after-di-erent-selections-167p88ns.png Figure 7: E ciencies after di erent selections. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-di-erences-between-optimization-and-test-samples-a-1d0e205y.png Figure 3: Di erences between optimization- and test samples. a) H 0 e ciencies, b) num- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-discriminant-analysis-output-variable-from-a-second-3lrpzm1x.png Figure 6: Discriminant analysis output variable from a second degree DA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-e-ciency-rejection-for-the-same-degrees-of-freedom-29gbcgdz.png Figure 4: E ciency/rejection for the same degrees of freedom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-h-0-e-ciency-as-a-function-of-the-qq-rejection-oqembwx1.png Figure 5: The H 0 e ciency as a function of the qq rejection factor for discriminant analyses with 1 to 15 variables. Left: rst degree DA, right: second degree DA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hypersurfaces-for-various-number-of-events-the-251soi9a.png Figure 1: Hypersurfaces for various number of events. The diamonds represent the H 0 https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-ensembles-of-fourier-spectra-in-capturing-recurrent-3o1jtbslzt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-memory-usage-with-pool-size-set-to-10-1wr3wq2b.png TABLE I. MEMORY USAGE WITH POOL SIZE SET TO 10 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-accuracy-profiles-1v5k9oq1.png Fig. 3. Accuracy Profiles https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-processing-speed-in-instances-per-second-3trgu126.png TABLE II. PROCESSING SPEED IN INSTANCES PER SECOND https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-decision-tree-with-3-binary-features-qjogxgsl.png Fig. 1. Decision Tree with 3 binary features https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-impact-of-noise-on-accuracy-1jzw3umh.png Fig. 4. The impact of noise on accuracy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-impact-of-pool-size-on-flight-dataset-fuq0sb2v.png Fig. 5. The impact of pool size on flight dataset https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-architecture-for-recurrent-concept-capture-5ixo79gi.png Fig. 2. An Architecture for Recurrent Concept Capture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-impact-of-drift-detector-on-ep-with-pool-size-10-zlrjt0ei.png Fig. 6. The impact of drift detector on EP with pool size 10 https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-follicle-stimulating-hormone-for-the-male-partner-of-21e7jbllxd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-differences-between-seminal-parameters-of-patients-4acksm86.png Table 3. Differences between seminal parameters of patients treated with FSH alone assessed before and during therapy. Data are expressed as median and interquartile range. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U-test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-therapeutic-choice-within-the-entire-cohort-of-3u8y2fks.png Figure 2. Therapeutic choice within the entire cohort of enrolled couples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-andrology-art-centres-included-in-the-study-across-u29oa8mq.png Figure 1. Andrology/ART Centres included in the study across Italy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-male-partners-of-the-65x5zlz2.png Table 1. Baseline characteristics of male partners of the entire cohort. Data are expressed as median and interquartile range. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-baseline-semen-and-hormonal-characteristics-3s63a93w.png Table 2. Baseline semen and hormonal characteristics comparing patients who received any therapy to patients who did not. Data are expressed as median and interquartile range. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U-test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-therapeutic-choice-for-the-study-population-plotted-2c51rgea.png Figure 3. Therapeutic choice for the study population, plotted by increasing sperm concentration. Each vertical line represents one patient. https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-faecal-genotyping-to-determine-individual-diet-1jo81uy6r7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-coyotes-included-in-this-study-2qvxmy4z.png Table 1. Characteristics of coyotes included in this study. The columns 2000-2002 and radio-collared indicate whether a coyote was present and/or radio-collared (y) or not (blank). N gives the total number of scats collected during the study period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relationship-between-snowshoe-hare-abundance-and-19txsb2r.png Figure 6. Relationship between snowshoe hare abundance and the frequencyof hare occurrences in scats of coyote social groups each year during 2000-2002 (R2=0.70). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-diets-of-18-individual-coyotes-in-the-alaska-range-3klr9z9l.png Figure 4. Diets of 18 individual coyotes in the Alaska Range during 2000-2002. Scat sample size is shown above each bar. The 'other' category includes birds, sciurids (squirrels andmarmots), predators and shrews. Individualswith<10 scatswere excluded. SeeTable 1 for code of individuals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-scat-sample-size-ondiet-composition-1vjnuagr.png Figure 2.Effect of scat sample size ondiet composition estimates for individual coyotes and thepooledpopulation in theAlaskaRange in2002.Meanfrequencyofoccurrenceand95%confidence intervals forsnowshoehare,porcupineandcarrion(mooseandcaribou)are shown for coyotes S1 (A), S3 (B),NW2(C), andS2 (D).Thepopulationdiet (E)was createdbypoolingall 217 scats from the27 coyotes present in2002.Occurrenceofcarrion,porcupine,andbirdsare shown.Other items in thediet (i.e. vole, shrew,predator,Dall sheepand vegetation) were omitted for visual clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-sample-size-on-estimates-of-diet-richness-2rc0o09c.png Figure 3. Effect of sample size on estimates of diet richness and diversity. Data sets of 1,000 scats were simulated using a uniform distribution of prey items (AandC) and an exponential distribution (B andD),with 5 (solid line), 10 (short dash), 15 (dash dot dot), or 20 (long dash) items in the diet. Mean richness (A and B) and Shannon diversity indices (C and D) from 1,000 bootstrap runs per subsample (fromN=1-200 scats) are shownwith 95%confidence intervals. Horizontal grey lines indicate the true value of richness or diversity (H'). https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-fourier-and-karhunen-loeve-decomposition-for-fast-4l9tgcz5q3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-orientation-of-the-small-part-2umd4ebs.png TABLE 1 ORIENTATION OF THE SMALL PART https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-distribution-of-reference-images-b-example-of-1zcockpr.png Fig. 1. (a) Distribution of reference images. (b) Example of reference images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-template-space-and-the-projection-of-input-image-v5kgfgic.png Fig. 2. Template space and the projection of input image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-normalized-correlation-at-each-location-3je6s5rc.png Fig. 4. Normalized correlation at each location. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-lower-resolution-images-b-normalized-correlation-at-b5rk8i6h.png Fig. 5. (a) Lower resolution images. (b) Normalized correlation at each location. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-printed-circuit-board-b-rotated-reference-images-12-2e6gpeeh.png Fig. 3. (a) Printed circuit board, (b) rotated reference images (12 of 101 are shown). https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-id-based-cryptography-for-the-efficient-verification-2fsyxndyqp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-domain-wide-ibc-deployment-for-verifying-web-resources-1mkdynww.png Fig. 1. Domain-wide IBC deployment for verifying Web resources. https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-high-doses-of-18-0-to-try-to-mitigate-the-syndrome-of-10p6pujgqa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ingredients-and-chemical-composition-of-the-t1tzdpn8.png Table 1 Ingredients and chemical composition of the experimental diets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-milk-fatty-acid-fa-composition-molar-proportions-and-3ea6ipwz.png Table 3 Milk fatty acid (FA) composition, molar proportions and estimated milk fat melting point in ewes fed the total mixed ration without lipid supplementation (control) or supplemented with 2% DM of fish oil alone (FO) or in combination with 3% (FOSA3) or 4% (FOSA4) DM of 18:0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-milk-yield-and-composition-in-ewes-fed-the-total-1y9jdx1u.png Table 2 Milk yield and composition in ewes fed the total mixed ration without lipid supplementation (control) or supplemented with 2% DM of fish oil alone (FO) or in combination with 3% (FOSA3) or 4% (FOSA4) DM of 18:0. https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-idempotent-functions-in-the-aggregation-of-different-hchs6cat9w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-for-the-mr-volumen-which-contains-181-mr-2j7ar3f4.png Table 2. Results for the MR volumen, which contains 181 MR images contaminated with Poisson noise. Legend: (a) Noisy; (b) Impulse; (c) Poisson; (d) Gaussian; (e) Rician; (f) γmin; (g) γmax; (h) γmean; (i) γOWA half ; (j) γOWA many ; (k) γOWA most. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-for-the-mr-volumen-which-contains-181-mr-651vfg96.png Table 1. Results for the MR volumen, which contains 181 MR images contaminated with Rician noise with σ = 10 and σ = 20. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-region-cropped-from-a-mr-brain-image-these-are-the-2lllzrg9.png Fig. 4. Region cropped from a MR brain image. These are the results for the filtered and aggregated images from a noisy image contaminated with σ = 20. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schema-of-the-aggregation-algorithm-1f7zke5x.png Fig. 1. Schema of the aggregation algorithm https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-imaging-plates-at-near-saturation-for-high-energy-35atj5hixv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-shows-the-saturated-case-b-is-read-with-g136sued.png FIG. 3. Color online a shows the saturated case. b is read with the ND filter and is recovered by allowing the transmittance of ND filter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-this-figure-shows-the-relationship-1ojt1zha.png FIG. 2. Color online This figure shows the relationship between the irradiation time and the signal intensity. The signal intensity means the integrated value within the area of ß ray source. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-reading-process-of-ip-a-and-b-are-without-314fhds9.png FIG. 1. Color online Reading process of IP. a and b are without and with ND filter cases, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-impact-fees-to-incentivize-low-impact-development-and-3dxrqooi1x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flowchart-for-the-agent-based-housing-marketing-20n7rmq0.png Figure 2. Flowchart for the agent-based housing marketing simulation with infrastructure improvements occurs in the following order: 1) house search, 2) house sale, 3) house investment, 4) collection of taxes, and 5) infrastructure improvement (see Process Overview and Scheduling for the details). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-figure-1-residential-subdivision-design-single-3fs0towl.png Figure 1. Figure 1. Residential subdivision design: single-family house representing low-density development (top) versus apartment home (bottom) representing high-density development. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-economic-environmental-benefits-in-msd-and-bau-a-gu11xce5.png Figure 4. Economic-environmental benefits in MSD and BAU: (a) the accumulated tax revenues minus the accumulated cost for stormwater management and transportation improvement given the predefined tax rate ; (b) the annual water demand and water supply from the water treatment plant for the developed area based on the water demand in metro Atlanta. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-household-allocation-between-the-two-types-of-2p0xq5ye.png Figure 3. Household allocation between the two types of residential subdivisions: (a) business as usual (BAU); (b) more sustainable development (MSD): impact fees serve as an incentive for the developer to implement LID; (c) the developer builds properties conventionally and pays the impact fee designed to fund CSM; (d) the government pays for the costs of both homeowner and public LID. https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-lotteries-for-the-promotion-of-voluntary-medical-male-m5ombcj1w8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-random-parameter-logit-model-of-mens-preference-for-29qk829m.png Table 2 Random parameter logit model of men’s preference for VMMC service attributes 274 in Tanzania, N=325. 275 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-a-choice-set-administered-by-the-1f7az5rr.png Figure 1 Example of a choice set administered by the interviewer to the participants using 192 a paper form questionnaire. The English version presented here was translated in Swahili. 193 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-latent-class-analysis-of-mens-preference-for-vmmc-a0vejfwn.png Table 3 Latent class analysis of men’s preference for VMMC services in Tanzania, N=325. 297 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sociodemographic-characteristics-of-men-bau1p3yy.png Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of men participating in the DCE in Tanzania, 253 N=325. 254 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-random-parameters-logit-model-showing-utility-26a0cs5u.png Figure 2 Random parameters logit model showing utility coefficients of preferences for 279 lottery and transport voucher for men in Tabora and Njombe, Tanzania (n=325). 280 https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-microbial-fuel-cells-for-soil-remediation-a-4nb1sce5zx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-12peu4fd.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2wcam3vd.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-gravitational-waves-to-probe-the-formation-channels-12bchw1bmz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cumulative-odds-ratio-for-nsbh-full-lines-and-bbh-hmjh8p4x.png Figure 2. Cumulative odds ratio for NSBH (full lines) and BBH (dashed lines), with non-aligned injections. Each line is a sub-catalog. Cumulative odds values below the solid horizontal thick line favor the (correct) non-aligned model with a significance larger than ∼2.7 σ. To improve clarity we assign a random color to each curve. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-posterior-distribution-for-the-mixture-parameter-fa-1yd60lu3.png Figure 1. Posterior distribution for the mixture parameter fa after 100 NSBH (dashed) and 200 BBH (solid) detections. Several underlying values of fa (given in the legend) are considered. fa = 0 corresponds to a catalog where none of the sources had aligned spins, while fa = 1 refers to a catalog where all events had aligned spins. https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-primary-and-secondary-polyvinylamines-for-efficient-4y6cxkiq6y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-poly-n-vinylacetamides-pnva-and-3qt134o0.png Table 1. Characteristics of poly(N-vinylacetamides) (PNVA) and poly(N-methylvinylacetamides) (PNMVA) and the corresponding poly(Nvinylamines) (PVAm) and poly(N-methylvinylamines) (PMVAm) synthesized by FRP and OMRP followed by amide hydrolysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-transfection-efficiency-of-hela-cells-cells-were-zaac97td.png Figure 2. Transfection efficiency of HeLa cells. Cells were transfected with (A) PVAm and (B) with PMVAm polyplexes at two polymer/pDNA ratios (ratio 1 and ratio 2 correspond to the ratios reported in Table 3 using less and more polymer respectively). The luciferase activity was measured 48 h after the transfection and expressed as RLU/mg of protein. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-transfection-efficiency-and-b-cell-viability-of-2mwqomr7.png Figure 4. (A) Transfection efficiency and (B) cell viability of HeLa cells. Transfection was performed with increasingly hydrolyzed PMVAm polyplexes at two polymer/pDNA ratios (ratio 1 and ratio 2: lower and higher amount of polymer, cf. Table 4, WR). The luciferase activity was measured 48 h after the transfection and expressed as RLU/mg of protein. The cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay 48 h after transfection and expressed as percentage relative to untreated cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-transfection-efficiency-and-b-cell-viability-of-q015mzk7.png Figure 5. (A) Transfection efficiency and (B) cell viability of HeLa cells. Transfection was performed with PVAm (made by RAFT) polyplexes at two polymer/pDNA ratios (ratio 1 and ratio 2: lower and higher amount of polymer, Table S3). The luciferase activity was measured 48 h after the transfection and expressed as RLU/mg of protein. The cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay 48 h after transfection and expressed as percentage relative to untreated cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-viability-of-transfected-hela-cells-transfection-3gqfdeg1.png Figure 3. Viability of transfected HeLa cells. Transfection was performed with (A) PVAm polyplexes and (B) PMVAm polyplexes at two polymer/pDNA ratios (ratio 1 and ratio 2: lower and higher amount of polymer, Table 3). The cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay 48 h after transfection and expressed as percentage relative to untreated cells. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-characteristics-of-polyplexes-prepared-with-3v16jhky.png Table 4. Characteristics of polyplexes prepared with increasingly hydrolysed PNMVA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-synthesis-of-primary-and-secondary-polyvinylamines-37e14a9a.png Figure 1. Synthesis of primary and secondary polyvinylamines. https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-recycled-fillers-in-bituminous-mixtures-for-road-5flvor04e2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-appearance-of-calcareous-a-sba-b-and-eafss-151y6oxv.png Figure 1: General appearance of Calcareous (A), SBA (B) and EAFSS (C) fillers; SEM images of Calcareous (D), SBA (E) and EAFSS (F) fillers. The scale bar at the bottom represent 1m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-compaction-properties-of-the-investigated-mixtures-36bis4sg.png Figure 5: Compaction properties of the investigated mixtures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-indirect-tensile-strength-of-the-investigated-3b6t2dlt.png Figure 8: Indirect tensile strength of the investigated mixtures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-its-ratio-to-calcareous-filler-with-equal-dosage-of-3fqg2npd.png Figure 9: ITS ratio (to calcareous filler with equal dosage) of the mixtures prepared from recycled fillers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gradation-of-the-aggregates-in-bituminous-mixtures-1om53nkd.png Figure 2: Gradation of the aggregates in bituminous mixtures as a function of the filler-bitumen ratio https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-stiffness-master-curves-at-20degc-for-the-10hk1ojo.png Figure 7: Stiffness master curves at 20°C for the investigated mixtures. a) F/B=1, b) F/B=2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-volumetric-characteristics-of-the-investigated-35qgwqof.png Figure 6: Volumetric characteristics of the investigated mixtures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stiffness-modulus-of-the-investigated-mixtures-5-20-231k4if3.png Figure 4: Stiffness Modulus of the investigated mixtures (5, 20, 40°C and 0.5, 1, 2, 4 Hz) https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-multiple-polygenic-risk-scores-for-distinguishing-prx3gpjcfj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prs-performance-for-identifying-clinical-subgroups-r4n9aopp.png Figure 1. PRS performance for identifying clinical subgroups and categories based on DSM-IV OPCRIT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-visual-representation-of-prss-distribution-across-2vd9ycw7.png Figure 3. Visual representation of PRSs distribution across diagnosis categories https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-sociodemographic-of-white-subsample-n-1659-case-29ri9bux.png Table 5.1. Sociodemographic of white subsample (n=1659), case-control comparisons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-prs-sz-and-prs-d-distribution-in-cases-with-ssd-and-349c6cd3.png Figure 2. PRS-SZ and PRS-D distribution in cases with SSD and AP diagnosis https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-serology-immunoassays-for-predicting-sars-cov-2-ln4kn4gtxo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-population-characteristics-ukglq3y6.png Table 1. Population characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-silica-particles-to-improve-dispersion-of-cooh-cnts-4qghxt4svk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-typical-molecular-1vp89fbh.png Figure 1: Schematic representation of the typical molecular structure of PC Adopted from Open 25 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sem-images-showing-the-synergistic-effect-of-micro-356rxton.png Figure 4: SEM images showing the synergistic effect of micro silica on dispersion of CNTs 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hrtem-image-depicting-silicon-dioxide-sio2-coating-2wlvwlf6.png Figure 5: HRTEM image depicting Silicon dioxide (SiO2) coating on f-CNTs walls 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mortar-mixture-proportion-1-2m4nmh2y.png Table 5: Mortar mixture proportion 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sem-images-shows-the-effect-of-ns-on-dispersion-of-2yhscwi8.png Figure 7: SEM images shows the effect of NS on dispersion of CNTs (a and b) liquid form; (c) 1 powder form 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-electrical-conductivity-of-cement-composites-23o53sdf.png Figure 14: Electrical conductivity of cement composites reinforced with CNTs and carbon fibers 14 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sem-images-of-cnts-dispersed-in-water-by-using-pc-2alpq85n.png Figure 3: SEM images of CNTs dispersed in water by using PC superplasticizer 11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-dispersion-of-milled-carbon-fibers-in-an-aqueous-202tdj84.png Figure 8: Dispersion of milled carbon fibers in an aqueous solution: (a) SP, (b) SP + NS, (c) 2 SEM image 3 https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-solid-residue-from-thermal-power-plant-fly-ash-for-3fav9rtup7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-the-results-achieved-in-the-experimental-z4lpswxu.png Table 3. Summary of the results achieved in the experimental Series . https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-stimulant-metal-concentration-values-mg-l-1-in-2nvg3spx.png Table 4. Stimulant metal concentration values (mg·L-1) in anaerobic processes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-vss-evolution-with-time-in-experimental-series-ii-l2bf1mob.png Figure 3. VSS evolution with time in experimental Series II: AII-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-vts-evolution-with-time-in-the-experimental-series-iwyv6tot.png Figure 2. VTS evolution with time in the experimental Series II: AII-1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-characterization-of-the-fly-ash-from-a-3ury4jtf.png Table 1. Chemical characterization of the fly ash from a thermal power plant used in the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-i-nitial-and-final-alkalinity-in-anaerobic-aamt9vhi.png Figure 1. I nitial and final alkalinity in anaerobic digesters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparative-results-of-metal-concentrations-in-3etf9kkh.png Table 5. Comparative results of metal concentrations in digested sludge and class A and B sludge according to the Chilean regulations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-organization-of-the-digesters-during-the-three-363h8imv.png Table 2. Organization of the digesters during the three experimental runs of the Series II. https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-small-specimen-creep-data-in-component-life-2ngt68ctcy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematics-of-small-specimen-loading-modes-adapted-2j66ouvu.png Figure 2: Schematics of small specimen loading modes, adapted from [4] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-diagram-illustrating-the-use-of-fe-2hc6bfrl.png Figure 5: Schematic diagram illustrating the use of FE analysis to obtain reference parameters [15]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-comparison-of-impression-creep-strain-rate-data-121orqh9.png Figure 3: (a) Comparison of impression creep strain rate data to that of uniaxial data for 316 stainless steel at 600oC and 2.25CrMo weld metal at 640oC [15] (b) Creep deformation of impression creep tests for the 0.5Cr0.5Mo0.25V steel at 565oC [14]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-recommended-dimension-ratios-for-the-small-two-bar-3n18psv3.png Table 2: Recommended dimension ratios for the small two-bar specimen [29] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-scoop-sampling-in-progress-43-f5eexefz.png Figure 6: Scoop sampling in progress [43] https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-small-27xkjrsk.png Table 4: Summary of advantages and disadvantages of small specimen test methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-minimum-creep-strain-rate-corresponding-to-mean-and-3sjr1siq.png Figure 9: Minimum creep strain rate corresponding to mean and lower bound [75] strength levels at 600oC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-tested-impression-specimen-width-w-10mm-b-tested-hg9ka8pt.png Figure 7: (a) Tested impression specimen (width w ≈ 10mm), (b) tested elliptical ring specimen (major axis, a ≈ 20mm) , (c) ruptured small punch specimen (diameter D ≈ 8mm) and (d) ruptured two bar specimen (length, L0+2k ≈ 26mm) [10, 25, 30] https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-sonication-for-in-well-softening-of-semivolatile-4ct6l5veq9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-energy-requirements-as-a-function-of-contaminant-rpkr56rt.png Figure 20. Energy requirements as a function of contaminant removal efficiency using sonication alone and sonication+vapor stripping. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-first-order-rate-constants-min-1-by-1bb221k6.png Table 1. Comparison of First-Order Rate Constants (min-1) by Acoustic Cavitation for Removal of CCl4 and TCE from Groundwater. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-first-order-rate-constants-for-removal-2sa7nhmx.png Table 2. Comparison of First-Order Rate Constants for Removal of CCl4 and TCE from Groundwater Using Vapor Stripping Techniques https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-fraction-of-chlorinated-contaminant-remaining-in-de0qzkxe.png Figure 9. Fraction of chlorinated contaminant remaining in groundwater for various batch treatment times via sonication alone (20 kHz, 25.3 W/cm2) and via sonication+vapor stripping (air injection rate ~ 500 mL/min). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-residual-chlorinated-organic-compound-remaining-after-36mbh1j3.png Fig. 1. Residual chlorinated organic compound remaining after batch sonication and sonication+vapor stripping treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-residual-chlorinated-organic-compound-remaining-after-ndmya4ev.png Fig. 2. Residual chlorinated organic compound remaining after continuous sonication and sonication+vapor stripping treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-fraction-of-chlorinated-contaminant-remaining-in-ywd9m9w5.png Figure 10. Fraction of chlorinated contaminant remaining in groundwater for various batch treatment times via sonication alone (20 kHz, 35.8 W/cm2) and via sonication+vapor stripping (air injection rate ~ 500 mL/min). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-first-order-rate-constants-for-36fifbc1.png Figure 5. Comparison of first-order rate constants for removal of CCl4 from groundwater using sonication, vapor stripping, and combined sonication/vapor stripping. https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-visual-material-for-eliciting-shepherds-perceptions-3adpbawpxh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-zones-selected-for-the-study-and-total-estimated-dry-3tx9hgyx.png TABLE 1 Zones selected for the study and total estimated dry-weights (kg/ha) of herbage per zone. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ranking-of-zones-according-to-participants-ax26g2wa.png TABLE 2 Ranking of zones according to participants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-of-participants-for-each-factor-by-gender-1p3msyql.png FIGURE 3 Number of participants for each factor by gender and age. https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-thermally-sprayed-aluminium-tsa-coatings-to-protect-33alv589j6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-aeuiu97e.png Figure 20 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-28odjx74.png Figure 26. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-1mt3ku7j.png Figure 25. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-19ifqw3q.png Figure 16. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-qqjj2va0.png Figure 19. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-3fdgmv3d.png Figure 17. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-2eva49dq.png Figure 18. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-1d7d15nx.png Figure 28. https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-uv-resonance-raman-spectroscopy-for-assessing-the-zwbekd5u6i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-uvrr-spectra-of-z-treated-tcf-and-control-pulps-2g9b0nbv.png Figure 4: UVRR spectra of Z treated, TCF and control pulps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-uvrr-spectra-of-ebc-b-a-epc-p-b-treated-tcf-and-3cl3uesy.png Figure 3: UVRR spectra of Ebc, B (a), Epc, P (b) treated, TCF and control pulps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-uvrr-spectra-of-z-treated-zebc-zb-a-zepc-zp-b-and-3h2k7m1m.png Figure 5: UVRR spectra of Z treated, ZEbc, ZB (a), ZEpc, ZP (b) and control pulps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-uvrr-spectra-of-tcf-and-control-pulps-as-well-as-2gvvcf8y.png Figure 6: UVRR spectra of TCF and control pulps, as well as their aged versions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-uvrr-spectra-of-z-zebc-a-zp-b-treated-and-control-1x2umcbu.png Figure 9: UVRR spectra of Z, ZEbc (a), ZP (b) treated and control pulps as well as their aged versions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reported-raman-bands-assignation-from-the-literature-1a5s8yjp.png Table 1: Reported Raman bands assignation from the literature and from present work. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characterics-of-hardwood-kraft-bleachedpulps-2s8nolle.png Table 2: Characterics of hardwood kraft bleachedpulps: laboratorymade ‘ECF’ and ‘TCFz’, and industrial ECF pulp ‘cp’. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-uvrr-spectra-of-ecf-and-tcfz-bleached-pulps-iso-2gi2pmc8.png Figure 2: UVRR spectra of ECF and TCFz bleached pulps. ISO brightness and PCN values are showed next to the legend. Details are given in Table 2. https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-water-stable-isotopes-in-hydrological-process-40s6i6zwj0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-saturation-indices-si-of-calcite-aragonite-and-2os7858n.png Table 4. Saturation indices (SI) of calcite, aragonite and dolomite in groundwater of Pleistocene, Neogene and Triassic in the study region. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-annual-simulated-groundwater-recharge-evaporation-3so6e8xt.png Table 5. Annual simulated groundwater recharge, evaporation, and transpiration values for sites SLA and SLB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-trilinear-diagram-of-the-four-groundwater-groups-l4duus0i.png Figure 13. Trilinear diagram of the four groundwater groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-best-set-of-soil-hydraulic-parameters-obtained-for-3kt41tye.png Table 4. Saturation indices (SI) of calcite, aragonite and dolomite in groundwater of Pleistocene, Neogene and Triassic in the study region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-transient-snowline-estimated-using-landsat-8-oli-1lvj4bys.png Figure 12. Transient snowline estimated using Landsat 8 OLI images of Sutri Dhaka Glacier and excavated snow pits (brown square) during the study period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-yearly-averaged-isotopic-composition-of-1ri6ijh0.png Table 6. Yearly averaged isotopic composition of precipitation at the rain gauge inHraščica (177 m a.s.l.). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-spatial-distribution-of-hexa-diagrams-of-21waxs0c.png Figure 12. Transient snowline estimated using Landsat 8 OLI images of Sutri Dhaka Glacier and excavated snow pits (brown square) during the study period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-depths-of-the-observation-wells-2xzgfmw6.png Table 5. Annual simulated groundwater recharge, evaporation, and transpiration values for sites SLA and SLB. https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-whey-in-kefir-production-335qx214cc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-some-properties-of-raw-milk-n-2-11i8iy8x.png Table 1. Some properties of raw milk (n=2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-some-properties-of-whey-n-2-37fnhi4h.png Table 2. Some properties of whey (n=2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-some-properties-of-kefir-samples-n-2-2xc5ztey.png Table 3. Some properties of kefir samples (n=2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-sensory-analyzes-results-of-kefir-samples-n-2x10-2qtjje8j.png Table 6. Sensory analyzes results of kefir samples (n=2x10) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ph-and-titratable-acidity-values-of-kefir-samples-n-2xwu03ec.png Table 4. pH and titratable acidity values of kefir samples (n=2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-phase-separation-and-viscosity-values-of-kefir-1ks1buvi.png Table 5. Phase separation and viscosity values of kefir samples (n=2) https://scispace.com/papers/useful-surface-parameters-for-biomaterial-discrimination-46g77uaaj8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-correlation-matrix-showing-correlation-coefficients-3oz8uho6.png TABLE V Correlation matrix showing correlation coefficients (r values) for nanoscale roughness parameters and wettability https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-correlation-matrix-showing-correlation-coefficients-17mm6jmf.png TABLE VI Correlation matrix showing correlation coefficients (r values) for microscale roughness parameters and wettability https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-characterization-of-the-materials-according-to-the-1calgqh3.png Fig. 1. Characterization of the materials according to the selected parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-correlation-matrix-showing-correlation-13ye1lvt.png TABLE VII Correlation matrix showing correlation coefficients (r values) for microscale and nanoscale roughness parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-roughness-parameters-stout-et-al-1994-8mu2b4qa.png TABLE I Summary of roughness parameters (Stout et al., 1994). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-median-minimum-and-maximum-values-of-nanoscale-bm418eke.png TABLE II Median, minimum, and maximum values of nanoscale surface parameters in nanometres. Results of Kruskal–Wallis (p-value) and Mann–Whitney U-test with Bonferroni correction (number of pairs of materials with statistically significant differences) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-median-minimum-and-maximum-values-of-external-3dzvh7mm.png TABLE IV Median, minimum, and maximum values of external contact angle measurements. Results of Kruskal–Wallis (p-value) and Mann–Whitney U-test with Bonferroni correction (number of pairs of materials with statistically significant differences) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-median-minimum-and-maximum-values-of-microscale-2tmh89f9.png TABLE III Median, minimum, and maximum values of microscale surface parameters. Results of Kruskal–Wallis (p-value) and Mann– Whitney U-test with Bonferroni correction (number of pairs of materials with statistically significant differences) https://scispace.com/papers/usefulness-of-the-hepatocyte-growth-factor-as-a-predictor-of-1emdm4443n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mortality-risk-according-to-quartiles-of-serum-23l91t1c.png Figure 4. Mortality risk according to quartiles of serum concentration of hepatocyte growth factor and the presence of preserved or reduced LVEF. Q1 reference risk. Data are expressed as HR and 95% CI; p Value for global interaction between HGF and EF, p ¼ 0.34. HFREF ¼ heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-clinical-characteristics-according-to-vital-3mhkaamo.png Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics according to vital status at the end of follow-up https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-patients-according-to-hepatocyte-153mr4u5.png Table 2 Characteristics of patients according to Hepatocyte Growth Factor quartiles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kaplan-meier-survival-curves-and-mortality-rates-863f98lz.png Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and mortality rates (1,000 patients/ year) according to HGF quartiles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mortality-risk-associated-with-hgf-concentrations-as-2r6qll6s.png Table 3 Mortality risk associated with HGF concentrations (as per each SD increase or above median) progressively adjusted for variables indicated in the successive models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-area-under-the-curve-for-the-discrimination-of-2n0nruxh.png Figure 2. Area under the curve for the discrimination of death: effect of adding HGF to the best clinical model. Model 1 (black line): age, GFR, hemoglobin, EF, treatment with loop diuretics and b blockers, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, and NT-proBNP. Model 2 (green line): model 1 plus HGF concentrations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mortality-rates-and-hr-according-to-hgf-and-nt-dfmk1h2j.png Figure 3. Mortality rates and HR according to HGF and NT-proBNP serum concentrations above or below the median. “*,” Mortality rate is expressed per 1,000 patients/year). Data are expressed as HR and 95% CI. https://scispace.com/papers/usefulness-of-the-zim-probe-technology-for-detecting-water-1u0czqafrw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hourly-cycle-of-stem-water-potential-pss-and-patch-3gktnjtz.png Figure 3. Hourly cycle of stem water potential (ψs) and patch pressure (Pp) evolution monitored in two ZIM-probes installed in the same tree during two consecutive days (May 4th and 5th 2015). Each point is the average of three ψs measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stem-water-potential-pss-evolution-in-the-control-2bvvfsfl.png Figure 4. Stem water potential (ψs) evolution in the control and non-irrigated trees (DS) during the drought cycle periods applied to the citrus trees. Each point is the average of 10-20 leaves (5 trees/treatment). Vertical bars represent ± standard error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-stem-water-potential-pss-columns-and-patch-3iici6th.png Figure 5. Average stem water potential (ψs, columns) and patch pressure (Pp, solid line) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-stomatal-conductance-gs-and-patch-pressure-pp-27n1e5wn.png Figure 6. Stomatal conductance (gs) and patch pressure (Pp) evolution monitored in a same tree during a sunny day (August 19th, 2014). Each point is the average of five gs measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stem-water-potential-pss-evolution-in-citrus-3qoxwt1r.png Figure 1. Stem water potential (ψs) evolution in citrus control and non-irrigated trees (DS) during the drought cycle periods. Each point is the average of 10-20 leaves (5 trees/treatment). Vertical bars represent ± standard error. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistical-analysis-significance-differences-at-p-2x1s87ho.png Table 1. Statistical analysis (significance differences at p value <0.05) for the maximum patch pressure (Ppmax), minimum patch pressure (Ppmin) and stem water potential (ψs) measurements obtained in the citrus experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-air-temperature-t-dashed-line-relative-humidity-r-h-3u6kdrzu.png Figure 2. Air temperature (T, dashed line), relative humidity (R.H., dotted line) and patch pressure (Pp, solid line) evolution in a drought-stressed (DS) and control tree during the 1st drought cycle and the recovery period. Average stem water potential (ψs) measurements are shown as vertical columns ± standard error, n=2. The shaded background columns indicate the nocturnal hours. https://scispace.com/papers/user-assisted-people-search-in-consumer-image-collections-4yh9joaecr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-interface-for-querying-a-collection-for-finding-images-2yurb4p3.png Fig. 4: Interface for querying a collection for finding images of specified people. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-example-of-the-propagation-of-beliefs-across-the-1d4ydn34.png Fig. 3: An example of the propagation of beliefs across the network. The star shows a point with an assigned label (i.e. 100% likelihood that the identity of that person is q1.) The network then shows all the points (29 triangles (true matches) and 1 square (false match)) that, after propagation, have a greater than 50% probability of being individual q1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conditional-probability-distribution-of-an-individual-2ecb6evo.png Fig. 1: Conditional probability distribution of an individual reappearing in another image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-variation-of-facial-geometry-along-the-first-four-1y8s5wok.png Fig. 2: The variation of facial geometry along the first four principal components is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-classification-performance-for-the-four-most-popular-189v37af.png Fig. 5: Classification performance for the four most popular individuals from one image collection of the person recognition database. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-improvement-in-precision-as-the-user-labels-examples-2zg4jfd5.png Fig. 6: Improvement in precision as the user labels examples of an individual. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-search-results-after-querying-a-collection-for-images-1ck68ds4.png Fig. 7: Search results after querying a collection for images of a specified person. https://scispace.com/papers/user-behavior-during-the-book-selection-process-z7q2tkdt8o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-accuracy-judgments-of-6-good-performers-2rvrdpat.png Table 4: Accuracy judgments of 6 good performers https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-accuracy-judgments-of-18-not-so-good-performers-20p72vgy.png Table 3: Accuracy judgments of 18 not-so-good performers https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-number-of-pages-read-by-24-subjects-37e7xxf4.png Table 5: Number of pages read by 24 subjects https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-book-topic-difficulty-and-average-time-spent-18m9c01e.png Table 6: Book/topic difficulty and average time spent https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-political-history-of-england-paper-figure-2-q0gkxffu.png Figure 1. Political History of England, paper Figure 2. Political History of England, PDF https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-book-topic-difficulty-and-average-number-of-pages-38ulnouk.png Table 7: Book/topic difficulty and average number of pages viewed https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-participants-obtaining-each-possible-20ivhtzg.png Table 1. Number of participants obtaining each possible number of correct answers https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-time-spent-on-book-topic-pair-by-17mlom0o.png Table 2: Average time spent on book-topic pair by participants https://scispace.com/papers/user-interaction-optimization-for-an-evolving-classifier-of-27g8es5lna 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-rejection-overall-performances-3vu1t4el.png TABLE I. REJECTION OVERALL PERFORMANCES. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-error-rate-recognition-rate-number-of-inputs-time-u17asuhn.png Fig. 3. Error rate, recognition rate, number of inputs, time spent, self-correction rate and lies rate distribution for the two groups on the three phases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-testing-application-screenshots-2i520gq1.png Fig. 2. Testing application screenshots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-first-order-fis-as-a-radial-basis-function-rbf-neural-2grr0eur.png Fig. 1. First order FIS as a radial basis function (RBF) neural network https://scispace.com/papers/user-interest-based-document-filtering-via-semi-supervised-55aho63qb0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-comparison-of-categorization-accuracies-with-1vgv0mkm.png Table 1. A Comparison of categorization accuracies with different methods and document set. https://scispace.com/papers/user-oriented-rule-management-for-event-based-applications-405fpdk8ci 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-action-definition-example-1eyt38xi.png Table 2. Action definition example. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-rule-management-workflows-in-existing-33e688o2.png Figure 1. Comparison of rule-management workflows in existing systems (a) and the proposed approach (b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pattern-definition-example-jexdwva9.png Table 1. Pattern definition example. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pattern-definition-meta-model-36ni74zq.png Figure 7. Pattern definition meta-model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-infrastructural-vs-sense-and-respond-rules-2r2xjxn8.png Figure 2. Infrastructural vs. Sense-and-Respond rules. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-decision-graph-meta-model-3vvb4p2h.png Figure 4. Decision graph meta-model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-action-definition-meta-model-1x2h7ktl.png Figure 8. Action definition meta-model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-rule-instance-meta-model-3lpn2r4p.png Figure 9. Rule instance meta-model. https://scispace.com/papers/user-perceptions-of-security-and-usability-of-mobile-based-16rmg95meq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-responses-of-the-participants-regarding-technical-9yh8hzn1.png Table 1. Responses of the participants regarding technical information https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-post-questionnaire-form-questions-asked-to-the-1riiamd5.png Table 2. Post-questionnaire form questions asked to the participants. The form employed a 4-point scale, where 1=Strongly Disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Agree, and 4=Strongly Agree. The group names and questions’ abbreviated numbering does not exist in the actual forms the participants filled; only the questions were shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mobile-based-spa-registration-screenshots-1l572wjh.png Fig. 1. Mobile-based SPA registration screenshots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mobile-based-spa-login-screenshots-ssaqsa4n.png Fig. 2. Mobile-based SPA login screenshots. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mobile-based-spa-spa-mobile-and-2fa-two-factor-the-2iuuf8by.png Table 3. Mobile-based SPA (SPA Mobile) and 2FA (Two Factor): The percentage distribution of password attempts to login. µ: mean, σ: standard deviation. https://scispace.com/papers/user-s-manual-for-delsol2-a-computer-code-for-calculating-1h3g3s6b8y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-1-coordinate-systems-for-fie1-d-performance-1tqm5hk7.png Figure 11-1. Coordinate Systems for Fie1 d Performance Calculations https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-2-3tpahq45.png TABLE VII.2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-4-north-only-fie1-d-ingrth-l-f-i-e-l-d-points-x-s-2bznjm28.png Figure 11-4. North-only Fie1 d ( INgRTH=l). F i e l d Points ( x ' s ) and F i e l d Zone Boundaries (So l id Lines) for NRAD=6, NAZM=6, AMAXN=75. I n actual https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-6-schematic-diagram-o-f-hel-iostat-numbering-and-2cj3ygr3.png Figure 11-6. Schematic Diagram o f Hel iostat Numbering and "Rows" i n an Individual He l ios ta t F i e l d https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-10-types-o-f-he1-iostats-a-canted-rectangular-he1-d3hpriye.png Figure 11-10. Types o f He1 iostats . (A) Canted, rectangular he1 i o s t a t with 2 cant divisions along the width and 3 along the https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-1-a-1-coordinate-systems-10pbetvs.png TABLE I 1 .A-1 COORDINATE SYSTEMS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-3-surround-f-i-e-l-d-in-rth-o-f-i-e-l-d-point-x-s-vb8t2il3.png Figure 11-3. Surround F i e l d (IN@RTH=O). F i e l d Point ( x ' s ) and F i e l d Zone Boundaries (So l id Lines) for NRAD = 6, NAZM = 12. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-15-flux-points-on-a-cyl-inder-for-iflaut-l-the-po-2kq6e76e.png Figure 11-15. Flux Points on a Cyl inder. For IFLAUT=l, the po in ts are on the outs ide o f the cy l inder and for. IFLAUT=2, the po in ts 'a re on the inside. I n t h i s https://scispace.com/papers/user-recognition-in-aal-environments-9p92hkhfyu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-facial-recognition-1vlmbo6g.png Fig. 2 Facial Recognition https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-virtualecare-project-ktw9q15x.png Fig. 1 The VirtualECare Project https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-virtualecare-modular-architecture-with-the-recognition-2gqihkr8.png Fig. 3 VirtualECare Modular Architecture with the Recognition Module https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-designed-architecture-1ta43nbp.png Fig. 4 Designed Architecture https://scispace.com/papers/user-response-learning-for-directly-optimizing-campaign-2h1xxrg64b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notations-and-descriptions-1ly5w1n0.png Table 1: Notations and descriptions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-direct-campaign-profit-over-baselines-2s2recf4.png Table 4: Direct campaign profit over baselines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-training-on-ipinyou-left-and-yoyi-right-ng7g7960.png Figure 3: Training on iPinYou (left) and YOYI (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-performances-over-campaigns-auc-the-3myyunob.png Table 3: Regression performances over campaigns. AUC: the higher, the better. RMSE: the smaller, the better. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-online-a-b-testing-results-on-yoyi-plus-2w1kq3sw.png Figure 8: Online A/B testing results on YOYI PLUS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-overall-statistics-in-offline-evaluation-kxl6vin3.png Table 6: Overall statistics in offline evaluation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-high-bid-price-300-statistics-z3q3xj4a.png Table 7: High bid price (> 300) statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-analysis-of-bid-price-and-market-price-distribution-18mxmzmv.png Figure 4: Analysis of bid price and market price distribution (iPinYou campaign 2259) https://scispace.com/papers/users-guide-to-morse-sgc-3klcntb480 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-storage-locations-2dtzvccm.png Table 1. Storage Locations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-definitions-of-variables-in-main-storage-2vse4vrg.png Table 2. Definitions of Variables in Main Storage https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-subroutine-called-if-iflag-i-1-91v6r7po.png Table 10. Subroutine Called if IFLAG(I) > 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-definitions-of-variables-in-comon-f1sbnk-1pb2k0wt.png Table 7. Definitions of Variables in CoMon F1SBNK https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-definition-of-variables-in-nutron-common-2quyadok.png Table 8. Definition of Variables in NUTRON Common https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-analysis-arrays-ccontd-391p0il4.png Table 5. Analysis Arrays CContd.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-definitions-of-variables-in-cownt-qdet-3ohzykem.png Table 9. Definitions of Variables in Cownt QDET https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-definitions-of-variables-in-main-storage-contd-2e6qikqv.png Table 2. Definitions of Variables in Main Storage https://scispace.com/papers/uses-and-gratifications-of-digital-photo-sharing-on-facebook-25q0rs2uut 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-review-of-gratifications-obtained-from-sns-and-photo-3j6pj7zf.png Table 1. Review of gratifications obtained from SNS and photo sharing used in current study https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-on-demographics-19ppjlni.png Table 2. Descriptive statistics on demographics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-exploratory-factor-analysis-of-photo-sharing-84r93enf.png Table 3: Exploratory factor analysis of photo sharing gratifications on Facebook https://scispace.com/papers/using-a-distributed-shapley-value-based-approach-to-ensure-27qr4cwim0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-shapley-value-for-sample-scenario-in-fig-1-mna8nv8h.png TABLE I Shapley-value for sample scenario in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/papers/using-a-microbenchmark-to-compare-function-as-a-service-4qvk9rvctn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relative-resource-requirements-for-the-benchmarking-5q9krxfg.png Table 2. Relative resource requirements for the benchmarking functions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-measured-durations-of-successful-executions-of-fft128-1v8atzzl.png Fig. 3. Measured durations of successful executions of FFT128–FFT1024 across all providers (log2–log plots). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-execution-of-mm1024-mm2048-across-all-providers-norm-3iiigeyz.png Fig. 2. Execution of MM1024 & MM2048 across all providers (norm–norm plots). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cumulative-cost-per-provider-and-configuration-for-fft-14xe3pu6.png Fig. 5. Cumulative cost per provider and configuration for FFT in USD cents (April 2018 prices) with regression formulas (norm–norm scale). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cumulative-total-and-average-costs-per-provider-2u4ysykc.png Table 5. Cumulative total and average costs per provider across all configurations for FFT in USD cents (April 2018 prices), respectively. See Footnote 11 for the cost calculation of OpenWhisk. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-successful-executions-of-fft-across-all-16svxoe9.png Table 4. Successful executions of FFT across all configurations per parameter k value. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-total-duration-per-configuration-and-provider-for-fft-2n6nfvtv.png Fig. 4. Total duration per configuration and provider for FFT in seconds using only successful executions, i.e. k ∈ [8192, 131072] (log2–log plot). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-measured-durations-for-s128-across-all-providers-log2-3mspp0ei.png Fig. 1. Measured durations for S128 across all providers (log2–log plot). The straight lines show the fitted linear models to the observed data per provider. https://scispace.com/papers/using-a-genetic-algorithm-for-editing-k-nearest-neighbor-33z45hmcvj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-obtained-for-the-different-methods-studied-12eyxs62.png Table 2. Results (%) obtained for the different methods studied in the paper https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-databases-1cotpnc2.png Table 1. Characteristics of the databases https://scispace.com/papers/using-a-quality-care-framework-to-evaluate-user-and-provider-3rkvm2hp2l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-four-principal-sub-themes-from-the-midwives-and-2005o9ad.png Table 1 Four principal sub-themes from the midwives’ and obstetricians’ focus groups: areas of overlap highlighted https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-qmnc-framework-characteristics-of-care-that-were-3kogxo07.png Table 4 QMNC Framework characteristics of care that were expressed in negative terms: comparison of women’s and practitioners’ focus group discussions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-qmnc-framework-characteristics-of-care-that-were-1yb5goww.png Table 3 QMNC Framework characteristics of care that were expressed in positive terms: comparison of women’s and practitioners’ focus group discussions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-four-principal-sub-themes-from-each-focus-group-3ewu92je.png Table 2 Four principal sub-themes from each focus group: areas of overlap and contrast between women’s and practitioners’ groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-sub-theme-effective-communication-mapped-to-3tm8790c.png Figure 1 The sub-theme ‘Effective communication’ mapped to four of the QMNC Framework components https://scispace.com/papers/using-adaptive-psychophysics-to-identify-the-neural-network-4m30sufjdv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagrams-of-experimental-tasks-all-trials-comprised-a-2eth4x2r.png Fig. 1 Diagrams of experimental tasks. All trials comprised a prestimulus interval (500 ms), a pair of tones separated by an ISI (250, 333, 417, 500 or 583 ms, varied at block level), a fixed post-stimulus interval (500 ms), and the response prompt. Participants estimated in three two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) tasks if the second stimulus was shorter or longer (duration discrimination tasks) or lower or higher in pitch (pitch discrimination task) compared to the first stimulus. The standard stimulus (the first of two tones in the diagrams) was fixed in each task: 100 ms, 200 ms, and 1 kHz. The frequency for the duration standards was 1  kHz and the duration of the 1  kHz standard was 100 ms. The duration of the comparison stimulus (duration discrimination) and pitch of the comparison stimulus (pitch discrimination) were adaptively adjusted based on the performance on a trialby-trial basis (gray arrows and lines). The standard-stimulus presentation order in the experiment was randomized within blocks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-exponents-of-the-exponential-decay-function-fitted-to-k2ylp7e7.png Fig. 3 Exponents of the exponential decay function fitted to discrimination thresholds across the ISIs in each condition (N = 38). The plot shows kernel density distributions and data of individual participants in each condition. Bracketed values indicate the proportion of participants with exponents > 0 in each condition https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-duration-d-discrimination-and-pitch-p-discrimination-jtzjwdtw.png Fig. 2 Duration (d) discrimination and pitch (p) discrimination as a function of the ISI (ms) between standard and comparison stimuli. A–C ∆ (75% discrimination threshold) for different ISIs in duration and pitch discrimination tasks. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean (SEM). D ∆ scaled by the respective standard stimulus. Marginal plots show the kernel density distributions and individual participant data in each condition (Allen et al. 2019) https://scispace.com/papers/using-a-microeconometric-model-of-household-labour-supply-to-3nuxxngxup 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-percentage-of-individuals-by-income-intervals-2emd0it8.png Table 4.2 Percentage of individuals by income intervals under different tax systems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-labour-supply-elasticities-with-respect-to-wage-3gqwdnwn.png Table 2.1. Labour supply elasticities with respect to wage for single females, single males, married females and married males by deciles of household disposable income*. Norway 1994 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-percentage-changes-in-labour-supply-total-hours-by-wpsc5eyk.png Table 4.4 Percentage changes in labour supply (total hours) by household income decile under the optimal tax rules https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3-percentage-changes-in-participation-rates-annual-2zt230kg.png Table 4.3 Percentage changes in participation rates, annual hours of work and disposable income under the optimal tax rules https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-5-percentage-of-winners-under-optimal-tax-rules-3uw9uet3.png Table 4.5. Percentage of winners under optimal tax rules https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-distributional-weight-profiles-of-four-different-1flwc83m.png Table 3.2. Distributional weight profiles of four different social welfare functions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-optimal-tax-rules-according-to-alternative-social-2zcdayfz.png Table 4.1 Optimal tax rules according to alternative social welfare criteria(*) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-estimates-of-the-parameters-of-the-individual-2jtli4qa.png Table 3.1. Estimates of the parameters of the individual welfare function, Norway 1994 https://scispace.com/papers/using-a-structural-approach-to-identify-relationships-4f7nvqjy6a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-2-3-v6waijc0.png Fig. 11 : 2 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-1-2-fjdxr793.png Fig. 8 : 1 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-6-7-8-9-1675cyuo.png Fig. 4: 6 7 8 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-1-2-3-3nfiynij.png Fig. 12 : 1 2 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-end-3-4-5-3n4tjuuv.png Fig. 4: 6 7 8 9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-descriptive-statistics-of-the-erosion-area-at-3eq71lj7.png Table I: descriptive statistics of the erosion area at Mulehole watershed. 3 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-1-2-3-2gz3e9en.png Fig. 7 : 1 2 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-1-38cxm6g0.png Fig. 6 : 1 https://scispace.com/papers/using-agents-for-distributed-software-project-management-4gp72de2au 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-system-architecture-1ffa4r6n.png Figure 2 System Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-component-architecture-d7yp6be0.png Figure 3 Component Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-decision-making-paradigm-stpr8e1m.png Figure 1 Decision Making Paradigm https://scispace.com/papers/using-adaptive-operator-scheduling-on-problem-domains-with-4o7eldwgy3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-operators-33cwfbre.png Table 1: The operators https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-best-fixed-op-ga-vs-the-aosga-nnl2slfk.png Table 2: Best fixed-op GA vs. the AOSGA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pseudo-code-for-the-aosga-pf1fpgvd.png Figure 1: Pseudo-code for the AOSGA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fixed-op-combinations-vs-the-aosga-a-c-show-the-1s64djgx.png Figure 2: Fixed-op combinations vs. the AOSGA. (a-c) show the best fitness averaged over all runs (algorithms with a fitness higher than 10000 are not shown), (d-e) show the average progress during the course of a run. https://scispace.com/papers/using-amino-acid-typing-to-improve-the-accuracy-of-nmr-1zuih6hcmw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-results-on-ff2-hsri-pol-e-and-gb1-18xi5nq6.png TABLE IV RESULTS ON FF2, HSRI, POL η AND GB1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-results-on-lysozyme-h6gx2tru.png TABLE III RESULTS ON LYSOZYME https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-on-ubiquitin-2yi0ofka.png TABLE I RESULTS ON UBIQUITIN https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-results-on-streptococcal-protein-g-7958n9bp.png TABLE II RESULTS ON STREPTOCOCCAL PROTEIN G https://scispace.com/papers/using-an-independent-geochronology-based-on-palaeomagnetic-jsdiqmke6f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-uncorrelated-loi-data-for-cores-372740-3-370530-5-27gvf890.png Fig. 2. Left: uncorrelated LOI% data for cores 372740-3, 370530-5 and 370540-6 (vertical white curves) superimposed on core photographs with numbered stratigraphical units and boundaries (white numbers and horizontal white lines). Intervals where foraminifera have been picked for 14C analysis are also shown (yellow diamonds). Right: correlated LOI% data for cores 372740-3, 370530-5 and 370540-6 projected on a common 372740-3 depth scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pb-content-left-and-206pb-207pb-isotope-ratios-right-3h77mjme.png Fig. 7. Pb content (left) and 206Pb/207Pb isotope ratios (right) for samples from core 370530-5. Shaded intervals indicate indentified Medieval Pb pollution inception (900 AD) and peak (1200 AD). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-data-from-core-370540-6-mineral-magnetic-data-is-30ba01wb.png Fig. 3. Data from core 370540-6. Mineral magnetic data is superimposed on core photograph with numbered sedimentary units and boundaries (horizontal white lines and white numbers). For the colour version of this figure we refer to the online version. “Demag steps” denote number of demag steps used to calculate charactersitic remanent magnetism (see methods). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-demagnetisation-plots-and-associated-zijderveld-plots-3ufee71a.png Fig. 6. Demagnetisation plots and associated Zijderveld plots for four selected samples from core 370540-6. [A]: sample from Littorina stage burrow-mottled sediment (unit 3). [B]: sample from Littorina stage thinly laminated sediment (unit 4). [C]: sample from Ancylus Lake stage sediment (unit 8). [D]: sample from Baltic Ice Lake stage sediment (unit 11). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-68-2-confidence-interval-for-psv-pb-depositional-age-k874nb8y.png Fig. 9. [A]: 68.2% confidence interval for PSV & Pb depositional age model (light red shaded area) and associated PSV (red diamonds) & Pb (red crosses) age constraints with 1 sigma errors. 14C determinations on foraminifera with 1 s errors (black circles). Numbered sedimentary units shown for reference (grey numbers and horizontal grey lines). [B]: inferred Delta-R values for 14C determinations with 1 sigma error (black triangles). Filled grey circles denote Delta-R values based on 14C determinations with a total sample mass of less than 200 mg. LOI% data (light grey curve) for core 372740-3 shown for reference. All data projected on 372740-3 depth scale. For the colour version of this figure we refer to the online version. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-overview-of-baltic-sea-bathymetry-including-2o2vu28o.png Fig. 1. Left: overview of Baltic Sea bathymetry including Gotland Deep study area (white box). Baltic Sea features abbreviated as follows; Skagerrak (Sk), Kattegat (Ka), Öresund (Ö). Drogden Sill (Dg), Darss Sill (Dr), Arkona Basin (AB), Bornholm Basin (BB), Gotland Deep (GD). Right: Bathymetry of Gotland Deep study area including coring locations. Bathymetric data from IOC et al. (2003). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-data-from-core-370530-5-mineral-magnetic-data-is-1i0l9ouw.png Fig. 3. Data from core 370540-6. Mineral magnetic data is superimposed on core photograph with numbered sedimentary units and boundaries (horizontal white lines and white numbers). For the colour version of this figure we refer to the online version. “Demag steps” denote number of demag steps used to calculate charactersitic remanent magnetism (see methods). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cores-retrieved-for-study-1p1e58g0.png Table 1. Cores retrieved for study. https://scispace.com/papers/using-analytics-to-enhance-a-food-retailer-s-shelf-space-1vtt2tqgoe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-micro-space-planning-process-depends-heavily-on-2rxi5vqe.png Figure 3 The micro-space planning process depends heavily on interaction with the commercial department and comprises two main processes: Generation and Replication. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-space-elasticity-curve-is-linearized-using-47qhv4xt.png Figure 11 The space elasticity curve is linearized using piecewise linearization based on the days-supply intervals represented by the vertical lines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-we-compared-the-performance-of-the-matheuristic-jtgy4s0n.png Table 1 We compared the performance of the matheuristic versus the straightforward use of a commercial solver on the standard mathematical programming model for planogram generation (time limit of one hour). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gap-optimizer-has-a-modular-architecture-and-some-27dtn5is.png Figure 4 GAP Optimizer has a modular architecture and some modules are common to both GAP Generation and GAP Replication. The key modules are shaded. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-this-figure-shows-two-planograms-generated-with-2htc17sg.png Figure 10 This Figure shows two planograms generated with GAP using two different levels of customization, and their comparison with a handmade planogram. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-tree-diagram-captures-all-the-product-family-28j7bwon.png Figure 7 The tree diagram captures all the product family relations present in the merchandising rules. In this Figure the diagram reflects the merchandising rules from Yorguts, as present in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-planograms-can-have-different-types-of-fixtures-donen9kd.png Figure 1 Planograms can have different types of fixtures. Some include more than one fixture type or present irregular shelf placements, resulting in irregular planograms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-gap-has-two-main-building-blocks-gap-optimizer-and-22vnx1yg.png Figure 9 GAP has two main building blocks: GAP Optimizer and GAP User Interface. It requires the integration of information obtained from multiple sources. https://scispace.com/papers/using-an-action-research-approach-to-design-a-telemedicine-3ocq6ykp9x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-action-research-cycle-1c4acfwk.png Figure 1. Action Research Cycle https://scispace.com/papers/using-an-observation-tool-parent-infant-interaction-1nq5nbqr32 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2b-maternal-pregnancy-36xu9bv9.png TABLE 2B Maternal pregnancy https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-infant-details-iue03547.png TABLE 3 Infant details https://scispace.com/papers/using-artificial-floods-for-restoring-river-integrity-u6gbwamiq8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-photograph-of-the-river-spol-at-one-of-the-study-3isuohed.png Figure 1. Photograph of the River Spöl at one of the study reaches (Punt Periv) under residual conditions (1.6 m3/s) and during the experimental flood (42 m3/s) on 5 July 2000. https://scispace.com/papers/using-asynchronous-discussions-to-enhance-student-3wcxilvipr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-numeric-data-for-student-participation-metric-3vgv612t.png Table 1. Sample numeric data for student participation metric https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-student-participation-metric-a-two-classes-offered-j7jkn0ek.png Figure 1. Student participation metric: a) two classes offered by Instructor 1 with a single Sunday deadline; b) two classes offered by Instructor 1 with a single Friday deadline; c) three classes offered by Instructor 2 with a split Wednesday/Saturday deadline; and d) four classes offered by Instructor 3 with a split Wednesday/Friday deadline https://scispace.com/papers/using-beef-breed-semen-in-seropositive-dams-for-the-control-1q213msxco 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-seropositive-animals-to-neospora-caninum-2hajfbh1.png Table 2. Summary of seropositive animals to Neospora caninum. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-values-of-seropositivity-to-neospora-caninum-and-qx2idbl0.png Table 3. Values of seropositivity to Neospora caninum and results of Generalized Estimating Equations (GEEs). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-average-herd-size-per-year-the-number-28u3uk0x.png Table 1. Summary of the average herd size per year. The number of cows per year was calculated as the average of the monthly number of animals during the year. https://scispace.com/papers/using-biographical-texts-as-linked-data-for-prosopographical-33f1lr4oox 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-output-of-the-reasoner-dgevl9g1.png Fig. 4. Output of the Reasoner https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-output-of-the-conll-rdf-tool-3qleni5t.png Fig. 3. Output of the CoNLL-RDF tool https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-result-of-the-finnish-dependency-parser-2z7h6swc.png Fig. 2. The result of the Finnish dependency parser. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sparql-query-for-constructing-a-network-of-people-4i83gch6.png Fig. 5. SPARQL query for constructing a network of people https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-network-analysis-of-historical-people-clustered-by-4g39mxdm.png Fig. 6. Network analysis of historical people clustered by their profession https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pipeline-for-text-processing-jscygwug.png Fig. 1. Pipeline for text processing https://scispace.com/papers/using-behavioral-knowledge-for-situated-prediction-of-2c9wt11rex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representative-frames-of-the-visualization-of-the-65l9zt4w.png Fig. 2. Representative frames of the visualization of the behavior given in Figure 1. All agent vehicle states have been superimposed to a single frame of an intersection video sequence. The bottom–right figure shows a birds eye view onto the lane model with the synthetically created vehicle trajectory superimposed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-representative-frames-of-a-video-sequence-showing-an-35igqcgp.png Fig. 3. Representative frames of a video sequence showing an innercity intersection (rows from top to bottom: frames #1400, #1650, and #1900) with superimposed state estimates for four vehicles. The left column shows the tracking results obtained by Xtrack alone. The right column shows tracking results for the same vehicles, but this time with state predictions obtained by SGT–traversal. Note that two vehicles were lost in the left column due to the occluding tree, whereas these vehicles could be tracked successfully with the help of SGT–traversal–based state prediction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-kalman-filter-equations-according-to-the-notation-mxtbtt8h.png Table 1. Kalman filter equations according to the notation from [8]. F denotes the Jacobian of the system function f , whereas H stands for the Jacobian of the measurement function h. Both are needed for linearization of the non–linear system and measurement function, respectively. x denotes the real system state, while P denotes the error covariance matrix with which this state is estimated. https://scispace.com/papers/using-cellular-automata-to-simulate-wildfire-propagation-and-s1htbbszvl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-probabilities-of-burning-for-the-baseline-model-a-1o49vtix.png Figure 7. Probabilities of burning (%) for the baseline model (a) and for the modified model (b). Colors represent the percentage of burned cells as indicated by the color bar in the bottom of the figure and white represents unburned cells. The star locates the fire ignition point, the blue line is the perimeter of the burned area and the green circles represent active fires as detected by MODIS. Both simulations were restricted to the burned area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-map-of-portugal-with-the-location-of-the-tavira-166icgv4.png Figure 1. (a) Map of Portugal with the location of the Tavira wildfire, where orange represents the burned scar and the black frame indicates the study area used in the simulations. (b, c) Schematic representation of Europe with Portugal highlighted in blue (b) and a zoom of the study area (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-fraction-of-the-burned-area-inside-the-perimeter-33usj14o.png Figure 8. Fraction of the burned area inside the perimeter relative to the total area inside the perimeter of the fire scar (a), bias (b) and root-mean-square difference (c) as a function of the probability threshold for c1 = 0.045 and c2 = 0.131. The dashed lines correspond to the baseline model and the solid lines to the modified model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-assigned-values-to-loadings-of-vegetation-type-pveg-2rp3whdi.png Table 1. Assigned values to loadings of vegetation type (pveg) and density (pdens). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-b-vegetation-type-a-and-density-classes-b-inside-ca4uixij.png Figure 2. (a, b) Vegetation type (a) and density classes (b) inside the study area as indicated by the discrete color bars. White corresponds to areas without vegetation. (c, d) The roads (c) and waterlines (d) identified inside the simulation area. Primary, secondary and tertiary roads are represented, respectively, in red, orange and green. Waterlines are all colored in blue. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-percentage-of-the-total-number-of-burned-cells-as-3emb4e36.png Figure 10. Percentage of the total number of burned cells as derived from active fires (MODIS), the baseline model (N1) and the modified model (N2). Each triplet of columns corresponds to the burned cells identified in the intervals [0, 6[, [6, 12[, [12, 18[, [18, 24[, [24, 30[, [30, 36[ and [36, 42[ h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-b-fire-propagation-using-a-threshold-of-0-5-for-1grvmkwv.png Figure 9. (a, b) Fire propagation using a threshold of 0.5 for probability of burning for a set of 100 random simulations of the baseline model confined to the burned area (a) and of the modified model (b). Colors represent the elapsed time in hours after the fire ignites. (c, d) Time deviations from the left panels relative to the active fires detected by MODIS. Red (blue) shading corresponds to a progressive delay (advance) in fire propagation observed in the CA model, and light gray corresponds to an agreement between the CA model and the MODIS active fires. The star represents the fire ignition point, the black line the perimeter of the burned area and white the unburned cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-eight-possible-fire-spread-directions-on-the-2qjx87z3.png Figure 4. The eight possible fire spread directions on the square grid. https://scispace.com/papers/using-citizen-science-data-in-integrated-population-models-2cilsp2y68 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimates-of-annual-adult-female-survival-adult-male-nsz3tqkg.png Table 1. Estimates of annual adult female survival ( ), adult male survival ( ), and fecundity (f) for each time interval during the study with the highest posterior density interval in parentheses. Interval 1 is the period between banding field seasons of 2007-2008, interval 2 is between 2008-2009, etc. https://scispace.com/papers/using-classification-methods-to-label-tasks-in-process-4xgw495035 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-results-for-the-two-experiments-demonstrating-the-c8zjr57o.png Fig. 7. Results for the two experiments, demonstrating the increased accuracy in the posterior labeling after considering the belief state, when the belief state is known with (a) 100% and (b) 75% certainty. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-workflow-diagram-for-a-fictional-travel-planning-jzceni8r.png Fig. 8. Workflow diagram for a fictional travel planning process https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-results-for-the-decoupled-approach-with-a-low-levels-pcp4jyek.png Fig. 11. Results for the decoupled approach with (a) low levels of noise and (b) high levels of noise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-results-for-the-integrated-approach-with-a-low-levels-1lslx1co.png Fig. 10. Results for the integrated approach with (a) low levels of noise and (b) high levels of noise. Note that results for round “0” indicate initial performance of keyword classification without any refinement from the belief state probabilities https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-petri-nets-showing-the-belief-state-for-an-34w0smoa.png Fig. 5. Example Petri nets showing the belief state for an event x that is believed to follow task C and precede task G. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-log-with-predicted-labels-and-corresponding-1rparxgv.png Fig. 3. Example log with predicted labels and corresponding erroneous workflow diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-log-and-corresponding-workflow-diagram-1vi8ju0l.png Fig. 2. Example log and corresponding workflow diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-accuracy-of-keyword-classifier-given-various-levels-of-ft883nxw.png Fig. 9. Accuracy of keyword classifier given various levels of noise https://scispace.com/papers/using-co-change-histories-to-improve-bug-localization-bgtwoz8fv3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-overall-architecture-of-the-proposed-approach-2b69kff5.png Fig. 2. The overall architecture of the proposed approach https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-performance-of-eclipse-swt-3-1-in-different-size-24lgss8o.png Fig. 4. The performance of Eclipse SWT 3.1 in different size of training data set https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-effectiveness-of-our-approach-244azr5f.png TABLE I THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OUR APPROACH https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-architecture-of-buglocator-5-r2nhx2e4.png Fig. 1. The architecture of BugLocator [5] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-performance-of-our-approach-comparing-to-m228sgd5.png Fig. 3. The performance of our approach comparing to traditional VSM and BugLocator https://scispace.com/papers/using-constraints-for-intrusion-detection-the-nemode-system-3k9s67v7ff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-nemode-system-architecture-unsmq6z1.png Fig. 1. NeMODe system architecture https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-time-in-seconds-necessary-to-detect-the-1bj5ju1s.png Table 1. Average time(in seconds) necessary to detect the intrusions using Gecode and Adaptive Search https://scispace.com/papers/using-contextual-integrity-to-examine-interpersonal-3un7oa7vna 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-a-friendship-page-on-facebook-1qkk0b6a.png Figure 1. Illustration of a Friendship Page on Facebook https://scispace.com/papers/using-convergent-sequential-design-for-rapid-complex-case-jbizy9cvig 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-design-and-procedural-representation-35dixbt2.png Figure 1 Design and Procedural Representation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-sentiment-scores-in-the-media-2168k29u.png Figure 2 Distribution of Sentiment Scores in the Media Briefings Across the Months https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-purposes-and-guiding-research-questions-for-the-two-3tv4nss7.png Table 1 Purposes and Guiding Research Questions for the Two Phases of the Design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-new-daily-confirmed-covid-19-case-3jvvy4cu.png Figure 4 Comparison of New Daily Confirmed COVID-19 Case Trends Between Alberta and Canada https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-joint-display-summary-of-cross-analysis-of-25s027bk.png Table 3 Joint Display Summary of Cross Analysis of Integrated Findings at Key Fluctuation Periods https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-identification-of-key-fluctuation-periods-1dmrv4gd.png Table 2 Identification of Key Fluctuation Periods https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-contributions-to-public-health-communications-2suiqq59.png Table 4 Contributions to Public Health Communications Literature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-word-counts-in-the-media-briefings-across-the-2doqc7es.png Figure 3 Word Counts in the Media Briefings Across the Months https://scispace.com/papers/using-correlation-maps-in-a-wide-band-microwave-gpr-3tvccbj3e5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-raw-data-reflection-coefficient-at-a-10-cm-and-b-5-kjsvkgwt.png Figure 6. Raw data: reflection coefficient at (a) 10 cm and (b) 5 cm depth. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-signal-to-background-ratio-sbr-ihgh97tg.png Table 1. Signal-to-background ratio: SBR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-acquisition-scheme-and-definition-of-the-a-b-c-3es371rn.png Figure 2. (a) Acquisition scheme and definition of the A, B C sections, (b) the discrete acquisition generates a data cube. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-measured-reflection-coefficient-in-sand-and-s5nt0hwq.png Figure 5. (a) Measured reflection coefficient in sand and antenna designed for GPR operation in the inset, (b) simulated reflection coefficient for different soils. The range of permittivity considered, characterizes the majority of dry soils. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-maps-relative-to-the-a-raw-data-b-variance-c-2c2n2y78.png Figure 10. Maps relative to the (a) raw data, (b) variance, (c) crosscorrelation coefficient and (d) time delay map: the reference level is 80% of the maximum of data reported in (b). The scale along the zdirection has been defined assuming a wave speed in the ground equal to 1.1 · 108 m/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-scheme-for-the-acquisition-of-the-time-delays-for-a-3r7wtve3.png Figure 8. Scheme for the acquisition of the time delays for a fixed value of correlation. AC: auto-correlation function and ∆t: time shift. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-map-of-the-cross-correlation-coefficient-b-map-hzrvotvt.png Figure 9. (a) Map of the cross-correlation coefficient. (b) Map obtained according to the scheme in Fig. 8. The reference level is 80% of the maximum of data reported in Fig. 6(a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-definition-of-a-map-describing-the-a-3vhy9b9a.png Figure 3. Example of definition of a map describing the (a) autocorrelation (variance map) and the (b) cross-correlation (covariance) properties. https://scispace.com/papers/using-crispr-cas9-genome-modification-to-understand-the-81n8abof5c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-generation-of-crispr-cas9-genome-edited-strains-in-2j7tsj1y.png Table 1: Generation of CRISPR/Cas9 genome edited strains in Drosophila 743 744 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-a-two-part-table-summarizing-the-pros-and-cons-of-3fs8n3rk.png Table 3: A two-part table summarizing the pros and cons of performing CRISPR/Cas9 in Drosophila 752 as compared to non-model pest species. 753 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-generation-of-crispr-cas9-genome-edited-strains-in-28hrd39j.png Table 2: Generation of CRISPR/Cas9 genome edited strains in pest species 749 750 https://scispace.com/papers/using-daphnia-bio-sensor-for-random-number-generation-ykgl656g3c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-round-o-clock-number-of-daphniae-29ztufuf.png Fig. 11 Round-o-clock number of Daphniae https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-example-of-processing-of-picture-by-same-software-2g5kmcdo.png Fig. 10 Example of processing of picture by same software https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-biotoksinomer-1x9cri6h.png Fig. 2 Biotoksinomer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-long-period-counting-results-3mmii7z5.png Fig. 12 Long period counting results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-light-alarm-zbofll9z.png Fig. 4 Light alarm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-web-camera-and-aquarium-1uetb2cs.png Fig. 3 Web camera and aquarium https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-state-of-daphniae-in-bioassay-round-a-clock-3ilnmd3t.png Fig. 5 State of Daphniae in bioassay round a clock https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-first-taken-picture-fig-7-next-taken-picture-3fbji0op.png Fig. 6 First taken picture Fig. 7 Next taken picture https://scispace.com/papers/using-data-extraction-ontologies-to-foster-automating-3ojhn1pcwe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-system-architecture-32fhzne2.png Figure 2. System Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-semantic-annotation-1tufa0pr.png Figure 1. Sample Semantic Annotation https://scispace.com/papers/using-deep-learning-for-iot-enabled-camera-a-use-case-of-5076xxv2fq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-positive-examples-of-drainage-blockage-297yxq5l.png Fig. 1. Positive examples of drainage blockage https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-image-without-segmentation-b-image-after-1a1xvwoo.png Fig. 3. a: Image without segmentation b: Image after segmentation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-negative-examples-of-drainage-blockage-1x2ycrqr.png Fig. 2. Negative examples of drainage blockage https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-accuracy-and-loss-plot-on-training-for-model-training-3myb06d2.png Fig. 6. Accuracy and loss plot on training for model training and validation with images without segmentation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-accuracy-and-loss-plot-on-training-for-model-training-1ziqsc4y.png Fig. 7. Accuracy and loss plot on training for model training and validation with images with segmentation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-result-summaries-of-training-validation-and-test-of-1u92rmv5.png TABLE II RESULT SUMMARIES OF TRAINING, VALIDATION AND TEST OF THE MODEL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-block-diagram-of-image-classifier-3no4ntou.png Fig. 4. Block diagram of Image Classifier https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-building-blocks-of-image-classifier-1f7xfdup.png Fig. 5. Building blocks of Image Classifier https://scispace.com/papers/using-deliberative-methods-to-understand-travel-choices-in-t83q8yegk3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-expert-presentation-slide-with-sample-1lrvf6a3.png Figure 1: Sample Expert Presentation Slide with sample participant reaction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sample-extracts-from-action-forms-developed-for-3bnbcul3.png Figure 3: Sample extracts from action forms developed for participants https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sample-travel-diary-feedback-extract-gn3aoslu.png Figure 2: Sample Travel Diary Feedback Extract https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pen-portraits-of-groups-15j6uqkn.png Table 1: Pen Portraits of Groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mapping-of-methods-to-objectives-f2up9syh.png Table 2: Mapping of Methods to Objectives https://scispace.com/papers/using-decision-trees-to-extract-patterns-for-dairy-culling-52gyhg5fjk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-id3-algorithm-for-growing-a-decision-tree-1u06xd5m.png Fig. 1. ID3 algorithm for growing a decision tree. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-intervals-corresponding-to-each-quartile-of-the-201qxpvf.png Table 1. Intervals corresponding to each quartile of the attributes KgMilkPeak and Production/DIM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-discriminatory-pattern-satisfied-by-104-cows-having-jrkfpmha.png Fig. 2. Discriminatory pattern satisfied by 104 cows having Production/DIM low or very low. According to this pattern, all these cows will be classified as Bad. https://scispace.com/papers/using-deep-learning-to-predict-age-from-liver-and-pancreas-1c3f5usl22 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sample-attention-maps-for-pancreas-mri-based-models-opezxfuh.png Figure 4: Sample attention maps for pancreas MRI-based models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sample-attention-maps-for-liver-mri-based-models-qjt35new.png Figure 3: Sample attention maps for liver MRI-based models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-datasets-and-analytic-pipeline-a-23qvtkj2.png Figure 1: Overview of the datasets and analytic pipeline. A - Sample liver and pancreas MRI images, both raw and preprocessed with a contrasting filter. B - Analytic pipeline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gwas-results-for-accelerated-abdominal-aging-liver-15ziphie.png Figure 5: GWAS results for accelerated abdominal aging (liver MRI-based) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-chronological-age-prediction-performance-r2-and-362u13n1.png Figure 2: Chronological age prediction performance (R2 and RMSE) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-correlation-between-liver-mri-based-and-pancreas-238ici3l.png Figure 6: Correlation between liver MRI-based and pancreas MRI-based accelerated abdominal aging in terms of associated biomarkers, clinical phenotypes, diseases, family history, environmental and socioeconomic variables https://scispace.com/papers/using-developmental-trajectories-to-examine-verbal-and-45m1abt8vx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-standard-deviations-and-ranges-per-group-for-3hdlu0jp.png Table 2: Means, standard deviations and ranges, per group, for Word List Recall (WLR) and Block Recall (BR) raw trials correct and z scores (calculated from overall sample mean). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-standard-deviations-and-ranges-for-2ozw05gd.png Table 1: Means, standard deviations and ranges for chronological age in months (CA), raw non-verbal ABIQ score (NVR), raw verbal IQ score (VR), and overall mental age equivalent in months (MA) by group (n=130). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-developmental-trajectories-for-performance-on-a-7yuo85h9.png Figure 1: Developmental trajectories for performance on a) Word List Recall and b) Block Recall, plotting the z scores of all three groups against mental age (MA) in months. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-developmental-trajectories-per-group-for-both-word-1bby60l6.png Figure 2: Developmental trajectories, per group, for both Word List Recall (WLR) and Block Recall (BR) performance, plotting z scores against mental age (MA) in months. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-developmental-trajectories-per-group-for-both-word-9pm64txd.png Figure 3: Developmental trajectories, per group, for both Word List Recall (WLR) and Block Recall (BR) performance, plotting z scores against chronological age (CA) in months. https://scispace.com/papers/using-dense-point-clouds-as-environment-model-for-visual-3uli8vtytf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-errors-on-the-virtual-camera-six-degrees-of-freedom-3h7ocyj4.png Fig. 8 Errors on the virtual camera six degrees of freedom for the 390 images of the sequence at convergence. X-axis: red, Y-axis: green, Z-axis: blue https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-between-the-true-trajectory-a-and-the-11db35ga.png Fig. 7 Comparison between the true trajectory (a) and the estimated one (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-estimated-trajectory-rendered-inside-the-complete-12wao9oc.png Fig. 9 The estimated trajectory rendered inside the complete 3D cathedral model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-material-the-mobile-robot-pioneer-3-at-with-a-fisheye-3f8mbwn4.png Fig. 1 Material: the mobile robot Pioneer 3-AT with a FishEye Camera pointing up (a) and examples of FishEye digital images acquired outside (b) and inside (c) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-complete-trajectory-of-the-robot-more-than-110-3mr7dbb5.png Fig. 12 The complete trajectory of the robot (more than 110 meters) successfully estimated https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-some-digital-images-at-the-a-beginning-b-middle-and-c-30k2i8mf.png Fig. 10 Some digital images at the (a) beginning, (b) middle and (c) end of the sequence acquired by the robot. (d-f) show virtual images obtained at optimal poses corresponding to real images (a-c). The estimated trajectory rendered inside the complete 3D cathedral model (g) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-virtual-fisheye-image-obtained-inside-a-3d-28uuzp8d.png Fig. 2 Example of virtual fisheye image obtained inside a 3D point cloud environment using the unified spherical projection camera model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-some-digital-images-at-the-a-beginning-b-middle-and-c-kfee93vp.png Fig. 11 Some digital images at the (a) beginning, (b) middle and (c) end of the sequence acquired by the robot. (d-f) show virtual images obtained at optimal poses corresponding to real images (a-c) https://scispace.com/papers/using-diagnostic-reference-levels-to-evaluate-the-ukl5ws0q4j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-recommended-list-of-ct-examinations-and-related-3nb0up4b.png Table 6: Recommended list of CT examinations and related CTDIvol and DLP values per sequence, updated for 75th percentiles and proposed for 50th percentiles. https://scispace.com/papers/using-discourse-to-restore-organisational-legitimacy-ceo-11rg12mc3a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-levels-of-analysis-text-and-context-y5s9wocj.png Figure 2: Levels of analysis: Text and context https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-contrasting-the-strategic-and-institutional-zkj4own5.png Table 1: Contrasting the strategic and institutional perspective on organisational legitimacy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-micro-level-analysis-analysing-the-managerial-1jf2fujt.png Figure 3: Micro-level analysis: Analysing the managerial discourse in Vattenfall’s CEO texts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-negotiation-of-legitimacy-between-vattenfall-3tx8un2i.png Figure 5: The negotiation of legitimacy between Vattenfall and its organisational audiences https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-overview-of-vattenfalls-ceo-texts-28vap749.png Table 3: Overview of Vattenfall’s CEO texts https://scispace.com/papers/using-dollarized-countries-to-analyze-the-effects-of-us-4ff49sds1d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-irfs-to-a-one-standard-deviation-contractionary-2750bvm8.png Figure 3: IRFs to a one standard deviation contractionary monetary policy shock for Panama and the US https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-irfs-to-a-one-standard-deviation-contractionary-10z9c58w.png Figure 2: IRFs to a one standard deviation contractionary monetary policy shock for El Salvador and the US https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-irfs-in-dollarized-countries-to-a-choleski-identi-avu9j92m.png Figure 4: IRFs in dollarized countries to a "Choleski identi ed" US monetary policy shock and to a reduced form innovation to the Fed s reaction function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-irfs-to-a-one-standard-deviation-contractionary-1ikhtd2d.png Figure 1: IRFs to a one standard deviation contractionary monetary policy shock for Ecuador and the US https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-gdp-by-sector-source-cia-world-2t4cw74j.png Table 1: Composition of GDP by sector. Source: CIA World Factbook, 2009 https://scispace.com/papers/using-domain-independent-problems-for-introducing-formal-4wxrjhrvy6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-self-referential-aptitude-test-lwlp7ap3.png Table 2. Self-Referential Aptitude Test https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-two-experiments-as-reported-by-johnson-laird-n76vrefz.png Table 1. Two experiments as reported by Johnson-Laird https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-equations-formalizing-table-2-asoe4hsq.png Table 3. Equations formalizing Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/using-dynamic-programming-to-solve-the-wireless-sensor-38ir7sqvqh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-energy-versus-network-area-radius-yroktsah.png Figure 10: Energy versus network area radius https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-table-of-notations-2yao3w2y.png Table II: Table of notations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-network-model-317joeay.png Figure 6: Network model https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-simulation-parameters-l4bjp7sb.png Table VI: Simulation parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-optimal-configuration-for-overall-energy-1ys6i6aq.png Table VII: Optimal configuration for overall energy consumption, network radius R = 100m https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wireless-sensor-network-10p9fxst.png Figure 1: Wireless sensor network https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-energy-values-in-10-4-j-for-each-n-31t77cb5.png Table III: Energy values (in 10−4 J) for each n https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-energy-discretization-257wy67i.png Figure 8: Energy discretization https://scispace.com/papers/using-dynamic-copulae-for-modeling-dependency-in-currency-119t9ktb8m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-for-a-benchmarked-portfolio-w-1-1-1-1-1-1-of-usd-eur-3shj9nyc.png Table 4 For a benchmarked portfolio, w = (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)>, of USD, EUR, CAD, GBP, AUD and SGD savings accounts an average one-day VaR and ES (standard errors in parentheses) is shown, estimated using different copula models and different confidence levels α. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-for-a-benchmarked-portfolio-w-1-1-of-usd-and-eur-1fvszxkq.png Table 2 For a benchmarked portfolio, w = (1, 1)>, of USD and EUR savings accounts an average oneday VaR and ES (standard errors in parentheses) is shown, estimated using different copula models and different confidence levels α. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-exceedance-ratio-a-for-one-day-var-estimated-for-20ndcmcg.png Table 3 Exceedance ratio α̂ for one-day VaR estimated for different confidence levels α for a benchmarked portfolio, w = (1, 1)>, of USD and EUR savings accounts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-exceedance-ratio-a-for-one-day-var-estimated-for-33scs02s.png Table 5 Exceedance ratio α̂ for one-day VaR estimated for different confidence levels α for a benchmarked portfolio, w = (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)>, of USD, EUR, CAD, GBP, AUD and SGD savings accounts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-average-one-day-var-and-es-standard-errors-in-1uo2gqib.png Table 6 Average one-day VaR and ES (standard errors in parentheses), estimated using Studentt copula with Student-t marginals for different confidence levels; computed for a portfolio w = (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)> constructed of USD, EUR, CAD, GBP, AUD and SGD savings accounts, expressed in units of these currencies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-exceedance-ratio-a-for-one-day-var-estimated-using-13ueb7w0.png Table 7 Exceedance ratio α̂ for one-day VaR, estimated using Student-t copula with Student-t marginals for different confidence levels, for a portfolio w = (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)>; constructed from USD, EUR, CAD, GBP, AUD and SGD savings accounts, expressed in units of respective currencies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-logarithm-of-the-histogram-for-the-pooled-data-of-the-28ust5tt.png Fig. 3. Logarithm of the histogram for the pooled data of the EWI104s log-returns vs. normal density (left panel) and vs. Student-t density with four degrees of freedom (right panel). Pooled normalized data are used for 20 currency denominations for the time span from 02 January, 1973 to 10 March, 2006. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-copula-dependence-parameters-estimated-for-190-pairs-3shob9wh.png Fig. 5. Copula dependence parameters estimated for 190 pairs of currency denominations and different copula models, together with the box-plots: The extreme of the lower whisker (2.5%-quantile), low quartile, median, upper quartile and the extreme of the upper whisker (97.5%-quantile) are plotted. Estimated using data of EWI104s log-returns for the time span from 02 January, 1973 to 10 March, 2006. https://scispace.com/papers/using-elemental-se-and-ag-to-grow-pure-ag2se-dendrites-2wzrtchhao 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-diagrams-of-the-ag2se-dendrite-growth-w8amifo7.png Figure 4. Schematic diagrams of the Ag2Se dendrite growth mechanisms. (Scheme A) Growth from an Ag nanowire with no surface-mediated support. (Scheme B) Growth from an Ag foil surface with surface-mediated nucleation and diffusion to enable (001)-oriented dendrite growth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representative-tem-images-of-a-an-individual-vpkz5zk2.png Figure 1. Representative TEM images of (a) an individual dendrite of Ag2Se and (b) the corresponding SAED pattern recorded from a branch tip. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-edx-spectrum-recorded-from-a-nanorod-branch-of-a-27mqgyd1.png Figure 3. EDX spectrum recorded from a nanorod (branch of a dendrite) grown on the surface of a stem at 160°C for 12 h with an Se concentration of 6.67× 10-4 g/mL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-xrd-pattern-of-the-ag2se-film-prepared-in-the-se-1fld1jyh.png Figure 2. XRD pattern of the Ag2Se film prepared in the Se/alcohol system at 160°C for 12 h with an Se concentration of 6.67× 10-4 g/mL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sem-morphologies-a-nanocrystals-of-001-oriented-1hi2tuku.png Figure 5. SEM morphologies: (a) nanocrystals of (001)-oriented Ag2Se (orientation confirmed by XRD) after 1 h of solvothermal growth with methanol as the solvent; (b) oriented attachment toward the formation of the trunk of a dendrite after 3 h of solvothermal growth with methanol as the solvent; (c) closeup of a full dendrite formed after 12 h of solvothermal growth with methanol as the solvent; (d) closeup of a full dendrite formed after 12 h of solvothermal growth with dodecanol as the solvent; (e) large-field view of dendrites formed under the conditions of part c for the case of a relatively high nucleation density; and (f) large-field view of dendrites formed under the condition of part d for the case of a relatively low nucleation density. https://scispace.com/papers/using-export-market-performance-to-evaluate-regional-jg08k6yylv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geographical-distribution-of-the-54-stips-filled-n333xgqa.png Fig. 1 Geographical distribution of the 54 STIPs (filled circle) and 54 ETDZs (open circle) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-statistics-by-treatment-status-15timyd8.png Table 6 Summary statistics by treatment status https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-domestic-firms-in-etdzs-ate-and-att-double-robust-39sqapqr.png Table 5 Domestic firms in ETDZs: ATE and ATT (double robust) estimates https://scispace.com/papers/using-experiments-to-test-the-effectiveness-of-human-rights-3sj0rbprf2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-number-of-rights-protected-in-major-human-rights-1iabyvcy.png Figure 5: Number of Rights Protected in Major Human Rights Agreements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-countries-that-have-made-commitments-to-eliminate-1k9orq0h.png Figure 4: Countries that Have Made Commitments to Eliminate Torture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ratification-history-of-major-human-rights-34d9lhou.png Figure 3: Ratification History of Major Human Rights Agreements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-countries-party-to-major-human-rights-2k700fd3.png Figure 2: Number of Countries Party to Major Human Rights Treaties https://scispace.com/papers/using-extended-kalman-filter-for-data-assimilation-and-3ed8o8bc1g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pressure-evolution-at-the-middle-of-the-target-plate-3ji80dk3.png Fig. 2. Pressure evolution at the middle of the target plate with an observation error (w) of 0.1 kbar and a normalized model error (q) of 0.001. Green curve: fitted to the experimental data points marked by green circles; blue dash-dotted curve: pure prediction without EKF; black solid curve: assimilated evolution with EKF; red dashed curve: the evolution that the black curve would have undergone if no data were available after 3.4 µs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-evolution-of-all-the-state-variables-density-olalmqul.png Fig. 3. Time evolution of all the state variables (density, velocity, and internal energy) and the pressure for the same simulation and at the same location as depicted in Fig. 2. Refer to Fig. 2 for curve legends. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-variances-of-the-three-state-variables-at-the-2gbnpuve.png Fig. 6. The variances of the three state variables at the middle of the target plate as a function of time. Refer to Fig. 5 for the legends of different curves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-same-as-fig-3-except-for-spatially-averaged-time-2to1hw4b.png Fig. 4. The same as Fig. 3 except for spatially averaged time evolution over all material grid points. Blue dash-dotted curve: pure prediction without EKF; and black solid curve: assimilation with EKF. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-trace-of-pp-the-sum-of-the-variances-as-a-function-lw5zx2fd.png Fig. 5. The trace of Pp (the sum of the variances) as a function of time. Blue dash-dotted curve: pure prediction without EKF; black solid curve: assimilated evolution with EKF; red dashed curve: the evolution that the black curve would have undergone if no data were available after 3.4 µs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-diagram-of-the-1-d-flyer-plate-experiment-23bt2iu7.png Fig. 1. A schematic diagram of the 1-D flyer plate experiment. https://scispace.com/papers/using-factor-mixture-models-to-evaluate-the-type-a-b-338cjzjj9u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-1w17v6mf.png Table 10 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-uycsp5bp.png Table 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-model-estimated-indicator-means-for-2-factor-3-class-11kgnncn.png Table 6 Model Estimated Indicator Means for 2-Factor 3-Class Factor Mixture Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-factor-loadings-for-2-factor-solution-n-281-1aw1suqq.png Table 2 Factor Loadings for 2-Factor Solution (N = 281) https://scispace.com/papers/using-eye-tracking-and-heart-rate-activity-to-examine-mlsypde82e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-simple-main-effects-analysis-q8-1xnhsr4q.png Table 12. Simple main effects analysis (Q8) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-eye-gaze-difference-count-across-video-clips-3s5s78ni.png Fig. 4. Eye gaze difference count across video clips https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-simple-main-effects-analysis-q4-2nsa4zun.png Table 8. Simple main effects analysis (Q4) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-points-where-the-participants-gazed-at-the-10th-frame-3ek67s90.png Fig. 3. Points where the participants gazed at the 10th frame of video V6 (X=Experimental Group, O=Control Group) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-simple-main-effects-analysis-q2-2cyx6pyb.png Table 6. Simple main effects analysis (Q2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-simple-main-effects-analysis-q6-21u40496.png Table 10. Simple main effects analysis (Q6) https://scispace.com/papers/using-filament-stretching-rheometry-to-predict-strand-3gfff8fpao 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-solvent-composition-mass-transfer-characteristics-g0q9actp.png Table 1: Solvent composition, mass transfer characteristics and “processability” of seven adhesive formulations studied in this paper https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-estimated-values-of-the-processability-parameter-3csuej32.png Table 3: The estimated values of the Processability parameter P and the Elasto-capillary number for various adhesive formulations along with their “processability”. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rheological-parameters-of-the-seven-adhesive-samples-6dqh1z5j.png Table 2: Rheological parameters of the seven adhesive samples obtained from steady shear rheometry. https://scispace.com/papers/using-film-cutting-techniques-in-interface-design-3j1lcygvha 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-small-screen-map-interface-showing-four-edljiycg.png Figure 11. The small screen map interface, showing four successive screens. The user clicks on Baden-baden (1) and there is a cut to a close-up showing a street map of Baden-baden (2)—the new display uses the shape of the major roads to preserve the immediate predicate structure around the center of the crosshairs and adds in the minor roads. The user then moves the crosshairs to the Kirche (3) and clicks again for a further close-up (4)—the new display uses collocation to position the name of the view appropriately (the location would depend, of course, on the position of the crosshairs in the preceding display controlled by the user). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-cut-in-sequence-a-better-conveys-who-has-been-1x56zpt7.png Figure 2. The cut in sequence A better conveys who has been shot than the cut in B, because in A the relevant element of the second shot (the falling man) is collocational with the subject of the first shot (the gun). A visual transition must be made after the cut in B to reorient the viewer’s representation from the gray man on the right to the falling man on the left. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-because-of-the-different-flow-of-elements-in-the-fqdie9nb.png Figure 7. Because of the different flow of elements in the predicate structure of the two shots, the characters in the front seats of a car appear to be traveling in different directions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cutting-from-camera-a-to-camera-b-sequence-1-is-935bkff8.png Figure 6. Cutting from camera A to camera B (sequence 1) is acceptable because whichever actor is the viewer’s psychological subject, there is collocation following the cut, and the predicate structure is maintained. Cutting from A to C (sequence 2), however, neither presents collocation or maintains the predicate structure of the scene and would not be acceptable. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-objects-cut-together-in-film-a-and-in-film-b-1nxr9c4n.png Figure 3. The objects cut together in film A and in film B may be viewed as single objects whose surface design or shape changes, respectively (the cuts not being apparent), whereas the objects in film C will be viewed as different objects (the cuts will be apparent). The transition path diagrams below each strip show the relative complexity of changes occurring to the psychological subject in each case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-size-of-change-in-gaze-location-in-each-40-msec-18jaj7ys.png Figure 9. Size of change in gaze location in each 40-msec interval following the 10 classes of cut. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-classification-of-film-cuts-together-with-number-of-343sbl6b.png Figure 8. Classification of film cuts, together with number of each within the film The Mask of Zorro (Campbell, 1998), predicted benefit of collocation, and time of statistical peak in eye movements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-at-the-end-of-the-first-scene-in-sequence-a-the-cut-1m56d0ch.png Figure 5. At the end of the first scene in sequence A, the cut to a long shot with no collocational subject makes it less likely that viewers will make any propositional links between the shots. The middle shot with the collocational cactus in sequence B could mislead viewers to associate the cactus with the consequences of the gunshot. https://scispace.com/papers/using-general-public-connected-devices-for-disasters-victims-1vvyem0r9z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1mjxv27g.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-7a7mv9at.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-detection-principle-yjows93n.png Figure 1: overview of the detection principle https://scispace.com/papers/using-fuzzy-sets-for-coarseness-representation-in-texture-46mg7bvafr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-errors-obtained-from-a-mosaic-image-for-the-tamura-3l09hi4i.png Table 3. Errors obtained from a mosaic image for the Tamura measure https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-and-error-values-obtained-by-applying-the-3snvvzfl.png Table 2. Estimated and error values obtained by applying the proposed model to three real images https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-some-examples-of-images-with-different-degrees-of-50te2vcl.png Fig. 1. Some examples of images with different degrees of fineness https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-classes-grouped-clusters-representers-of-2wwb476m.png Table 1. Number of classes, grouped clusters, representers of the obtained classes and RMSE found by applying the membership function related to each measure https://scispace.com/papers/using-generic-upper-body-movement-strategies-in-a-free-2gzbdslu94 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-accelerations-and-angular-velocities-recorded-5ie06gkv.png Fig. 4. Average accelerations and angular velocities recorded by all three IMUs during the CS condition trials in the ML and AP planes. The dashed lines represent the average signals for each subject, and the thick line corresponds to the overall average, with its corresponding standard deviation. Signals are represented from 0.5 s before the movement onset up to the first zero-crossing of the angular velocity around the vertical axis (not shown here). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-accelerations-and-angular-velocities-recorded-3lrlos1p.png Fig. 3. Average accelerations and angular velocities recorded by all three IMUs during the FS condition trials in the ML and AP planes. The dashed lines represent the average signals for each subject, and the thick line corresponds to the overall average, with its corresponding standard deviation. Signals are represented from 0.5 s before the movement onset up to the heel-strike. Peak accelerations as defined in Table II are also indicated in the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-12-dof-lower-limb-assistive-exoskeleton-atalante-s3uy1vr8.png Fig. 1. The 12-DoF lower-limb assistive exoskeleton Atalante developed by the French company Wandercraft. Atalante is mainly aimed at being used by paraplegic patients who can still use their upper-body, and as a rehabilitation device for stroke patients. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-peak-average-sd-gii-accelerations-and-angular-df5a3ws0.png TABLE II PEAK AVERAGE (± SD) GII ACCELERATIONS AND ANGULAR VELOCITIES IN THE ML AND AP PLANES FOR ALL IMU PLACEMENTS IN BOTH THE FS AND CS CONDITIONS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-inter-class-distance-nearest-neighbor-idnn-metric-22trbbru.png Fig. 7. The Inter-class Distance Nearest Neighbor (IDNN) metric computed in the original 198-dimensional feature space for each class and each subject for the intra classifiers. When the IDNN is the same for two classes, it means they are closest to each other. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-illustration-of-a-subject-during-the-fs-condition-33azycqe.png Fig. 2. (A) Illustration of a subject during the FS condition. The IMUs were aligned so that the x-axis was pointing upwards (vertical axis), the y-axis was pointing towards the right (medio-lateral axis), and the z-axis was pointing forwards (vertical axis). (B) Illustration of one trial from the FS condition. The signal represents labeled ML acceleration data from the back IMU in [rad/s] after the last step was removed. Blue indicates the NM class, yellow indicates the GII class, green indicates the RS class, and red indicates the LS class. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-distance-metrics-used-for-the-computation-of-the-1z16ullb.png TABLE V DISTANCE METRICS USED FOR THE COMPUTATION OF THE IDNN BETWEEN THE TESTING POINTS CLUSTERS AND THE FOUR CLASS CLUSTERS. THE BOLD VALUES INDICATE THE IDNN VALUE FOR EACH SUBJECT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-representation-of-the-intra-classifiers-in-the-two-1h05dus1.png Fig. 10. Representation of the intra classifiers in the two-dimensional LDA-generated projection subspace. The different colored regions represent the classifier decision regions for each of the four labeled classes (NM, RS, LS, GII). https://scispace.com/papers/using-generalized-additive-models-to-detect-and-estimate-2zw5onbxod 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-type-i-error-exact-95-confidence-interval-by-2rdflzsm.png Table 1: Type I error (exact 95% confidence interval) by underlying association for each threshold estimation method, based on 1000 simulated datasets with n=300 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bias-variability-var-and-mean-square-error-mse-of-3vyizpv1.png Table 4: Bias, variability (Var) and Mean square error (MSE) of estimated model (2) (‘change-in-slope’) thresholds for each method by location of true threshold when the true association is the ‘change-in-slope’ threshold model (2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-estimated-4-df-gam-curves-for-the-associations-smg10bxx.png Figure 1: Estimated 4-df GAM curves for the associations between BMI and SBP (left hand side), and AGE and SBP (right hand side) for Framingham women and men and LRC men. The vertical line indicates the location of the estimated ‘noeffect’ threshold (model (1)). We estimated the smoothed effects of one variable at a time, with other variables modeled parametrically as linear or binary effects (e.g. SBP=s(Age)+BMI+other variables described in Section 4.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bias-variability-var-and-mean-square-error-mse-of-z4n7nn21.png Table 3: Bias, variability (Var) and Mean square error (MSE) of estimated model (1) (‘noeffect’) thresholds for each method by location of true threshold when the true association is the ‘no-effect’ threshold model (1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-baseline-characteristics-of-lrc-and-framingham-1ypuvg3c.png Table 7: Baseline characteristics of LRC and Framingham populations in comparison to those used by Kaufman and Bunker https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-empirical-power-95-ci-for-each-threshold-estimation-14phsdqi.png Table 2: Empirical power (95% CI) for each threshold estimation method https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-investigating-the-associations-between-bmi-vs-sbp-3quha3za.png Table 8: Investigating the associations between BMI vs. SBP and age vs. SBP, separately in men and women https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-empirical-type-i-error-95-ci-by-threshold-estimation-12xbti9w.png Table 6: Empirical type I error (95% CI) by threshold estimation method, when the true association was nonlinear, but not threshold https://scispace.com/papers/using-genetic-algorithms-and-swat-to-minimize-sediment-yield-5694yl1kvu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-minimum-generation-based-sediment-yield-29a6h6tn.png Figure 2. Minimum Generation-Based Sediment Yield https://scispace.com/papers/using-gpus-to-improve-multigrid-solver-performance-on-a-3ti3ry1a4w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-unstructured-coarse-grid-composed-generalized-2duwgi2n.png Figure 1: An unstructured coarse grid composed generalized tensor-product macros with isotropic (regular) and anisotropic refinement. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evaluation-of-the-different-upgrade-options-section-2afqngga.png Table 1: Evaluation of the different upgrade options (Section 5.4.1) under various aspects. Arrows indicate if larger or smaller numbers are better, boldface indicates the best case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-absolute-execution-time-for-the-heterogeneous-ehskz9vd.png Figure 8: Absolute execution time for the heterogeneous domain, speedup and weak scalability (see Table 7 in the Appendix for the exact numbers). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-coarse-grained-parallelism-in-the-outer-solver-3invxpkx.png Figure 2: Coarse-grained parallelism in the outer solver. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-weak-scalability-and-impact-of-the-system-bandwidth-1295s1fh.png Table 6: Weak scalability and impact of the system bandwidth. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cpu-vs-gpu-cluster-configurations-node-time-per-299w1gmq.png Table 4: CPU vs. GPU cluster configurations: node time per degree of freedom.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-absolute-execution-time-for-the-heterogenous-domain-3fxmoeoh.png Table 7: Absolute execution time for the heterogenous domain, speedup and weak scalability. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cpu-vs-gpu-cluster-configurations-absolute-execution-3gs6igt2.png Table 3: CPU vs. GPU cluster configurations: absolute execution time. https://scispace.com/papers/using-gradients-to-construct-cokriging-approximation-models-a12citz563 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cokriging-model-validation-on-two-dimensional-analytic-1g1rdr9w.png Fig. 4 Cokriging Model Validation on Two-Dimensional Analytic Test Function (5 Samples) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-contour-plots-of-cd-cokriging-models-for-2-d-sbj-8fgaz7t0.png Fig. 8 Contour Plots of CD Cokriging Models for 2-D SBJ Design Problem https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-shows-their-graphical-interpretation-the-airfoil-33x55cp2.png Figure 1 shows their graphical interpretation. The airfoil shape for all wing stations was selected as a simple biconvex airfoil of varying thickness. Once the design variables were selected, an automatic mesh generation procedure that was able to handle the geometry variations imposed by the changes in the design variables was utilized to automatically create different sets of meshes needed for the CFD calculations. The three-dimensional Euler solver, FLO87, developed by Jameson 9,10 was used to calculate aerodynamic coefficients at sample design points chosen by incrementing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cokriging-model-validation-on-one-dimensional-analytic-2xkv54qm.png Fig. 3 Cokriging Model Validation on One-Dimensional Analytic Test Function https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-cd-cokriging-models-for-2-d-sbj-design-problem-2-d-6c68a0iy.png Fig. 7 CD Cokriging Models for 2-D SBJ Design Problem (2-D Correlation Parameter) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cd-cokriging-models-for-2-d-sbj-design-problem-1-d-19xq7b88.png Fig. 6 CD Cokriging Models for 2-D SBJ Design Problem (1-D Correlation Parameter) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cokriging-model-validation-on-two-dimensional-analytic-1xnh0jh8.png Fig. 5 Cokriging Model Validation on Two-Dimensional Analytic Test Function (9 Samples) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-contour-plots-of-2-d-cd-optimization-results-for-2-d-1aejwrzy.png Fig. 9 Contour Plots of 2-D CD Optimization Results for 2-D SBJ Design Problem https://scispace.com/papers/using-genetic-drug-target-networks-to-develop-new-drug-aq1ywi788m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-druggable-genes-outside-the-major-histocompatibility-13tn9rcy.png Table 1 “Druggable” genes outside the major histocompatibility complex significant in major depressive disorder. The −log10(P) column indicates the significance level as computed by MAGMA, the DGN whole blood and GTEx brain regions columns indicate the predicted change in expression level in the corresponding tissue https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-drug-targetor-workflow-to-build-phenotype-informed-2ogynrre.png Fig. 1 Drug Targetor workflow to build phenotype-informed bipartite drug-target networks (drugtargetor.com) https://scispace.com/papers/using-hera-data-to-determine-the-infrared-behaviour-of-the-3thri397u5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-first-eight-eigenfunctions-fon-n-1-8-determined-3mz129gg.png Figure 3: The first eight eigenfunctions fωn, n = 1 . . . 8 determined at η = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-frequencies-n-k-for-the-eigenfunctions-51lul99l.png Figure 4: The frequencies ν(k) for the eigenfunctions 1,2,3,5,10,20,50 and 120. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-unintegrated-gluon-density-at-x-10-3-1gmf6p3v.png Figure 10: Unintegrated gluon density at x = 10−3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-eigenvalues-on-for-the-eigenfunctions-fon-with-1t1c2gb4.png Figure 1: The eigenvalues ωn for the eigenfunctions fωn , with n = 1, 2, . . . , 120. A thin line indicates the approximate relation, ωn = 0.5/(1 + 0.95n). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-distribution-of-the-momentum-k-in-the-green-1ipa5abs.png Figure 6: Distribution of the momentum k in the Green function, Gy(k,k ′), integrated over k′ with the proton impact factor at y = ln(s/k2) = ln(1/x = 103). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-results-of-the-fit-performed-with-120-50oiup0n.png Figure 7: The results of the fit, performed with 120 eigenfunctions and 30 overlap integrals for each eigenfunction, compared to a subsample of the low-x HERA data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-overlaps-nmn-given-by-eq-4-2-for-m-25-3rxq4z30.png Figure 5: The overlaps Nmn, given by eq. (4.2), for m = 25. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-logarithms-of-the-critical-momenta-kcrit-for-the-eqg1eh2d.png Figure 2: Logarithms of the critical momenta kcrit for the eigenfunctions fωn , with n = 1, 2, . . . , 120. https://scispace.com/papers/using-infrared-triggered-cameras-to-monitor-activity-of-4c6b194iqb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-raccoon-n-n-bobcat-urine-scent-stations-based-on-2fc7ejsl.png Figure 3. (A) Raccoon (n n Bobcat urine scent stations based on percent moon visibility. Displayed as percent of photographic captures. Four moon cycles were recorded: 29 June–27 July and 6 Sept–28 Nov 2005, Nacogdoches County, TX. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-bobcat-n-n-n-sum-n-captures-with-time-measurement-4dicp1ky.png Figure 2.(A) Bobcat n n n - sum n captures with time measurement recorded as a percent of daylight and dark hours. Crepuscular activity is shown in gray. Data recorded 29 June–2 Aug. and 6 Sept–28 Nov 2005, Nacogdoches County, TX. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-locations-of-infrared-triggered-camera-stations-for-3ulmlmev.png Figure 1. Locations of infrared-triggered camera stations for assessment of time-activity patterns of forest carnivores, Nacogdoches County, TX, from 29 June–2 August and 6 September–28 November 2005. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-diel-activity-patterns-of-forest-carnivores-in-east-3rdwi7l2.png Table 1. Diel activity patterns of forest carnivores in east Texas, recorded using infrared-triggered cameras. All data from study area, Nacogdoches County, TX, from 29 June–2 August and 6 September–28 November 2005. https://scispace.com/papers/using-image-similarity-and-asymmetry-to-detect-breast-cancer-eurie32cfx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-mammographic-image-of-a-spiculated-lesion-is-in-a-1b3rkqbq.png Figure 2: A mammographic image of a spiculated lesion is in (a). The bright center or core is one feature of these lesions, as well as the radiating lines which are called spiculations. A relative brightness detection filter is in (b). The filter calculates the percent of the pixels in the outer ring that are less bright than the least bright of the pixels in the inner disk. The filter highlights the areas of the image that are brighter than their surroundings, like the bright central core of spiculated lesions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-table-the-results-compare-favorably-against-2w37f8gf.png Table 1: Results Table. The results compare favorably against the R2 Imagechecker system and other techniques. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mammograms-of-left-and-right-breasts-with-cancerous-2hs889go.png Figure 1: Mammograms of left and right breasts with cancerous area outlined. The similarity of texture between cancerous and normal tissue makes asymmetry an important tool in cancer detection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-two-breasts-are-shown-with-the-suspicious-3r49ghqp.png Figure 3: The two breasts are shown, with the suspicious points indicated by circles. The two hand-drawn circles (one inside the other) in the right breast are the radiologist’s diagnosis of cancer. The asymmetry is demonstrated by the presence of considerably fewer suspicious points in the matching area in the left breast – that is, the distribution of suspicious points changes slightly from one breast to the other when there is cancer. Note that there are circles within the hand-drawn circles, showing that the filtering does find the cancer. https://scispace.com/papers/using-landsat-7-etm-imagery-and-digital-terrain-models-for-1wgqnegj93 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-landsat-etm-band-colour-combinations-used-in-this-1xby1286.png Table 2. Landsat ETM+ band–colour combinations used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-panchromatic-image-of-the-landsat-7-etm-sub-scene-32hjixho.png Figure 4. Panchromatic image of the Landsat 7 ETM+ sub-scene (band 8). Contrast stretches have been applied to satellite images. Compare with figure 3. For location, see figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-internal-composition-of-one-of-the-rock-drumlins-in-36ica6ph.png Figure 2. Internal composition of one of the rock drumlins in the study area, showing the transition from solid bedrock to fractured bedrock and finally into a thin soil cover. The total height of the section is approximately 4m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-of-data-used-in-the-interpretation-of-229cvqba.png Figure 3. Examples of data used in the interpretation of glacial lineaments. Contrast stretches have been applied on satellite images. Bedrock structures were separated from glacial lineaments by their higher grade of continuity and an occurrence as a winding pattern. For location, see figure 1. (a) Shaded relief image constructed from the DTM (50m spatial resolution) with a simulated shading effect from low incoming solar radiation from the northwest. © Crown Copyright Ordnance Survey. An EDINA Digimap/JISC supplied service. (b) Infrared composite of a Landsat ETM+ scene (bands 4, 5 and 6). (c) Colour infrared composite of a Landsat ETM+ scene (bands 4, 3 and 2) draped on a shaded relief image. © Crown Copyright Ordnance Survey. An EDINA Digimap/JISC supplied service. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-from-the-interpretation-of-glacial-1otke7mv.png Table 3. Results from the interpretation of glacial lineaments in the different data sets used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-the-study-area-and-localities-mentioned-2db31pi1.png Figure 1. Location of the study area and localities mentioned in the text. (a) The grey box shows the area covered by the Landsat ETM+ scene and black box the area covered by the Landsat ETM+ subscene used in this study. (b) The majority of the identified rock drumlins form a well-defined landform system indicating ice flow towards the north-east (shown in grey with arrows indicating iceflow direction). The box shows the outline of the subscene used. Large-scale geological structures are from Dunning (1992). The grid is in UK National Grid co-ordinates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-landsat-enhanced-thematic-2jfblcf3.png Table 1. Characteristics of the Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM + ) sensor system. https://scispace.com/papers/using-in-vivo-nickel-to-direct-the-pyrolysis-of-48fafjbdu1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-proposed-role-of-naturally-accrued-nickel-found-in-svrxlf6q.png Fig. 3. Proposed role of naturally accrued nickel found in hyperaccumulator species during microwave-assisted pyrolysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-gc-fid-spectra-of-all-the-investigated-samples-1c888q2g.png Fig. 4. GC-FID spectra of all the investigated samples https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-mass-balance-for-all-the-samples-b-mw-traces-c-atr-2y9n2l25.png Fig. 2. A) Mass balance for all the samples; B) MW traces; C) ATR-FTIR spectra of the Ni-hyperaccumulator and its control https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-concept-of-the-work-and-characterisation-of-the-19ctd8u6.png Fig. 1. The concept of the work and characterisation of the ground leaf materials used in this study. https://scispace.com/papers/using-information-from-the-target-language-to-improve-1acsnx0kjq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-scheme-of-the-proposed-text-classification-14etq839.png Fig. 1. General scheme of the proposed text classification method https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-f-measure-results-for-six-crosslingual-experiments-3vc8w58w.png Table 1. F-measure results for six crosslingual experiments using a traditional CLTC approach https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-f-measure-results-of-the-proposed-method-in-the-six-3f3uhk1v.png Fig. 2. F-measure results of the proposed method in the six crosslingual experiments, using different values of λ and numbers of neighbors (k). The straight line corresponds to the PBC baseline result (λ = 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-best-f-measure-results-of-the-proposed-method-1y10d2yy.png Table 2. Best F-measure results of the proposed method https://scispace.com/papers/using-interview-data-to-identify-evaluation-criteria-for-4vbzqpmanr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-solution-methods-for-information-based-lapses-1v7rtv3q.png Table 2: Solution methods for Information-based lapses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-standard-hierarchical-system-the-folder-structure-1gxlyu64.png Figure 5: Standard hierarchical system (the folder structure in which participants organised their photographs https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-subjective-preferences-from-exit-questionnaire-best-ptzt0zmm.png Table 4: Subjective Preferences from Exit Questionnaire (best value in bold) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-objective-data-recorded-during-the-study-best-value-1k4vpr6g.png Table 3: Objective data recorded during the study (best value in bold) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-lapse-freq-excluding-diary-caused-lapses-17ntmr5t.png Table 1: Summary of Lapse Freq (excluding diary caused lapses) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-photomemory-user-interface-showing-the-growing-37w8ro9o.png Figure 4: PhotoMemory User Interface, showing the Growing Paradigm and Feedback mechanism https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-layout-of-the-diary-forms-11hqi5ch.png Figure 1: The Layout of the Diary Forms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-restricted-photomemory-interface-with-filtering-ums5zvt7.png Figure 6: The restricted PhotoMemory interface with filtering facilities disabled https://scispace.com/papers/using-latent-variables-in-model-based-clustering-an-e-2fr3bp1jgy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cluster-means-for-models-11-with-4-groups-32pfwfao.png Table 2 Cluster means for models 11 with 4 groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bic-values-and-number-of-estimated-parameters-par-2yfh4zsi.png Table 1 BIC values and number of estimated parameters (par.) https://scispace.com/papers/using-learning-analytics-to-support-engagement-in-1woq5p42ln 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-intensity-based-engagement-measurement-algorithm-31ouxw3x.png Figure 2. Intensity-based engagement measurement algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-group-engagement-ranking-chart-3rht0hn1.png Figure 4. Group engagement ranking chart https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cooperpad-system-architecture-3fwr5qt2.png Figure 1. Cooperpad system architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-writing-behavior-pattern-chart-zbc2r0q2.png Figure 6. Writing behavior pattern chart https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-evaluation-of-visualization-for-working-on-tutorial-3sx88dp9.png Table 6. Evaluation of visualization for working on tutorial discussion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-group-member-engagement-contribution-pie-chart-6xwp2a3b.png Figure 5. Group member engagement contribution pie chart https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pearson-correlation-between-student-engagement-and-2nmx663j.png Table 4. Pearson Correlation between Student Engagement and Scores for the project proposal assignment https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-dataset-description-4vc3d3h1.png Table 5. Dataset description https://scispace.com/papers/using-leds-for-visible-light-communication-and-as-a-wake-up-25pbxi1x4w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interface-circuit-proposed-to-avoid-high-current-15k7qq85.png Figure 3: Interface circuit proposed to avoid high current consumption in case a constant light hits the LED. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-enso-prototypes-designed-for-testing-several-2ko8sghv.png Figure 2: EnSO prototypes designed for testing several technologies; such as NFC, VLC, thin film batteries, etc. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-circuit-setup-for-led-bidirectional-operation-34yazt9h.png Figure 1: Circuit setup for LED bidirectional operation. https://scispace.com/papers/using-learning-automata-for-tuning-fuzzy-membership-3aiu9a6zd4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-rules-for-extracting-fuzzy-rules-10spm45d.png TABLE II RULES FOR EXTRACTING FUZZY RULES https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-labels-for-route-parameters-q3m67osx.png TABLE I LABELS FOR ROUTE PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-membership-functions-with-different-centers-1g0fjvfk.png Fig. 2. Membership functions with different centers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-gaussian-membership-functions-3tl7srnz.png Fig 5. Gaussian membership functions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-structure-of-the-system-2748s184.png Fig. 1. General structure of the system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-membership-functions-before-tuning-fig-4-membership-2fbmzomp.png Fig. 3 Membership functions before tuning Fig. 4 Membership functions after tuning https://scispace.com/papers/using-linked-survey-and-administrative-data-to-better-4o4a59mdgr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-single-mother-headed-households-without-program-2ebl5ve2.png Table 4 Single Mother Headed Households without Program Receipt or Earnings According to Survey and Administrative Data, CPS NY Sample, 2008-2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reduction-in-poverty-deep-poverty-and-near-poverty-1vogchlj.png Table 3 Reduction in Poverty, Deep Poverty and Near Poverty due to Transfer Programs According to Survey and Administrative Data, CPS NY Sample, 2008-2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-survey-errors-in-transfer-receipt-reporting-cps-new-t8s7huj7.png Table 1 Survey Errors in Transfer Receipt Reporting, CPS New York , 2008-2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-reported-transfer-program-receipt-and-demographics-u-3mclhwwi.png Table 5 Reported Transfer Program Receipt and Demographics, U.S. v. NY, 2007-2012 CPS https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-survey-and-administrative-amounts-received-by-2cztp7f7.png Table 2 Survey and Administrative Amounts Received by Program, by Annual Reported Pre-Tax Money Income Divided by Poverty Line, CPS NY Sample, 2008-2011 https://scispace.com/papers/using-logical-surrogate-information-in-lagrangean-relaxation-4jb6oixtcd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tsplib-instances-lagrangean-results-1lu404fm.png Table 1 : TSPLIB instances – Lagrangean results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tsplib-instances-lagrangean-surrogate-results-214mufn5.png Table 2 : TSPLIB instances – Lagrangean/surrogate results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lagrangean-surrogate-versus-lagrangean-att48-pcb442-1d02hmwz.png Figure 2: Lagrangean/surrogate versus Lagrangean – att48, pcb442 and pr1002 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-lagrangean-surrogate-bounds-zaebeyjk.png Figure 1: Lagrangean/surrogate bounds. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-lagrangean-lagrangean-surrogate-second-2401hflj.png Table 4: Comparison: Lagrangean (Lagrangean/surrogate) – second set of instances https://scispace.com/papers/using-logistic-regression-to-initialise-reinforcement-16sylzl2z9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-methodology-and-structure-2sd5so09.png Figure 1: Methodology and structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-five-rule-tree-from-j4-8-inf-2od03vad.png Figure 4: Five-rule tree from J4.8 (“inf” =∞) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-accuracy-and-wf-scores-for-models-in-feature-32fe43ih.png Table 3: Average accuracy and wf-scores for models in feature engineering experiments . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reformulation-of-the-rules-learnt-by-jrip-avbva4cy.png Figure 3: Reformulation of the rules learnt by JRIP https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-feature-selection-on-pki-discretised-data-left-and-29ghpdtj.png Table 2: Feature selection on PKI-discretised data (left) and on MDL-discretised data (right) https://scispace.com/papers/using-machine-learning-based-lesion-behavior-mapping-to-2h1lh09hr2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-of-the-multivariate-lesion-behavior-mapping-28h4w6gs.png Figure 3: Results of the multivariate lesion-behavior mapping https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-topography-of-brain-lesions-a-simple-lesion-overlap-q3cw9t6h.png Figure 1: Topography of brain lesions A: Simple lesion overlap topography of all 203 patients. B: Lesion overlap topography showing only voxels within the voxel mask for statistical testing with at least 10 patients having a lesion. The colorbar indicates the number of overlapping lesions (the peak of N = 75 represents 37% of the total sample). Numbers above the slices indicate z-coordinates in MNI space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-of-the-univariate-lesion-behavior-mapping-gmev8mt4.png Figure 4: Results of the univariate lesion-behavior mapping https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimation-of-best-hyper-parameters-c-and-g-svr-lsm-308y5xnp.png Figure 2: Estimation of best hyper-parameters C and γ SVR-LSM parameter estimation results. Prediction Accuracy (A) and Reproducibility Index (B) (see Rasmussen et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2014) are plotted for the different sets of C and γ parameters to find the optimal combination. https://scispace.com/papers/using-machine-learning-to-understand-suicide-a-new-approach-1osef8rlx2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-analysis-flowchart-bxxbcruq.png Figure 1. Analysis Flowchart https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-performance-of-random-forest-algorithm-in-nq9oc45h.png Table 6. Performance of Random Forest algorithm in classification of determinations of suicide in pre-coded data https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-performance-of-gradient-boosting-algorithm-in-35jcdxto.png Table 5. Performance of Gradient Boosting Algorithm in classification of determinations of suicide of pre-coded data https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-binary-logistic-regression-to-identify-suicide-1ycael3v.png Table 4. Binary Logistic Regression to Identify Suicide Determination from Mental Health Diagnoses Identified in the Australian Corpus https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-top-5-terms-evident-in-select-topic-clusters-derived-8ritx7tq.png Table 9. Top 5 terms evident in select topic clusters derived from cases of family violence https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-no-of-deaths-by-suicide-by-australian-jurisdiction-3pfjestg.png Table 2. No. of deaths by suicide by Australian jurisdiction compared with the study corpus https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-latent-semantic-analysis-lsa-topic-terms-3vqwvdvz.png Table 3. Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) topic terms https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-binary-logistic-regression-to-identify-cases-of-2oy1xz30.png Table 8. Binary Logistic Regression to identify cases of family violence from suicide status, service utilisation and other variables https://scispace.com/papers/using-machine-vision-to-analyze-and-classify-caenorhabditis-6gyh2iymn4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-measurement-of-features-based-on-large-scale-movement-26z61u1t.png Fig. 3. Measurement of features based on large-scale movement and shape. (A) Directional change detection method. The trajectory of the worm’s centroid (black solid line) is sampled at intervals of 30 pixels. The directional change position (mark with a star) is found by computing the angle deviation at every vertex of the polygon (gray line). If the angle (u ) is greater than 1208, then the position is considered to be a reversal. (B) Thickness measuring method. The length of a perpendicular cross-section of the binary image was computed at the center (i.e., the midpoint of the skeleton), head and tail (i.e. 7 pixels from the respective ends of the skeleton) as described in the text. (C) Best fit ellipse, and its associated parameters. (D) MER. The methods for deriving the best fit ellipse and MER are described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-characterization-of-unc-mutant-phenotypes-using-image-2kynszpd.png Fig. 8. Characterization of Unc mutant phenotypes using image feature parameters. Shown are the feature measurement distributions for each of the six initial worm types analyzed in this study. (A) Total number of ‘looped’ frames. (B) Average width-to-height ratio of the MER. (C) Maximum angle change rate of the image skeleton. In all cases, the box extends from the first quartile (25th percentiles) to the third quartile (75th percentiles), and the horizontal line within the box indicates the median. The lower and upper error bars indicate 10th and 90th percentiles, respectively; each outlier is indicated with a dot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measurement-of-body-curvature-features-a-morphological-3798ipwo.png Fig. 4. Measurement of body curvature features. (A) Morphological skeleton with lower (A) and upper (B) maximum distance points along the straight line connecting two end points. The sum of the peak A and B distances is designated the animal’s amplitude, and the ratio of min (A, B) to max (A, B) is designated the amplitude ratio. (B) /(D) Sample images and their amplitude ratios (B: P /0, C: P /0.4, D: P /0.97). (E) Measurement of the angle change rate. As described in the text, the angle change rate is calculated by segmenting the skeleton using a constant distance of 10 pixels, and dividing the average angle difference between each two consecutive segments along the skeleton by the total worm length. Thus, a larger angle change rate means that a worm is more wavy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-detection-of-coiled-body-postures-a-successive-image-3b55o513.png Fig. 5. Detection of coiled body postures. (A) Successive image frames showing an animal that coiled briefly. (B) Successive image frames from an animal that made multiple coils. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-characterization-of-unc-mutant-phenotypes-using-image-31i0rto9.png Fig. 7. Characterization of Unc mutant phenotypes using image feature parameters. Shown are the feature measurement distributions for each of the six initial worm types analyzed in this study. (A) Maximum length-to-MER fill ratio. (B) Maximum distance moved in 5 s. (C) Average length-toMER fill ratio. (D) Minimum fatness. In all cases, the box extends from the first quartile (25th percentiles) to the third quartile (75th percentiles), and the horizontal line within the box indicates the median. The lower and upper error bars indicate 10th and 90th percentiles, respectively; each outlier is indicated with a dot. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-13oytmsa.png Table 1 (Continued ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-all-feature-variables-used-in-cart-analysis-total-94-3vgpbs7b.png Table 1 (Continued ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistics-of-the-variables-used-in-the-2mv3nhki.png Table 2 Statistics of the variables used in the classification tree https://scispace.com/papers/using-magnetic-flux-conservation-to-determine-heliosheath-2seu00nl86 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-counting-rate-from-the-v1-crs-let-a-l1-detector-1msrb3jl.png Figure 2. (a) Counting rate from the V1 CRS LET A L1 detector (with the L4 detector in anticoincidence). (b) Normalization factor for the LET D rate as described in the text. The abrupt change in 2011 is because of a command state change for LET D that made it have the same coincidence condition as LET A. The command also made LET D a continuous rate, the same as LET A, rather than a subcommutated rate. The solid circles in 2009 represent data that were used in the normalization procedure to give approximately the same VR as that from LECP. (c) R component of the anisotropy vector of ∼0.5–35 MeV protons derived from fits to an assumed first-order anisotropy model of the intensity. The values are for the S/C frame of reference and positive values denote the direction the particles are arriving from. (d) CG factor that converts between a measured anisotropy and a solar wind speed. The values are from a Monte Carlo simulation that has as input the observed proton energy spectrum (see Cummings et al. 2021 for more details). The dotted line is a fit to the data from 2007 forward that is used to estimate an uncertainty on each data point. The factor 1.193 shown in the equation in the figure accounts for the 120o opening angle of the telescope and the minus sign corrects to depict the direction of flow. The additional 17 km s−1 corrects to the Sun’s frame of reference. (e) Resulting CRS VR for each roll. Also shown are the LECP 26 day averages of VR from Krimigis et al. (2011). (f) Yearly weighted averages of the CRS (blue) and LECP (red) VR values shown in panel (e). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top-v2-cg-vr-at-5-day-time-resolution-derived-from-2gea2bux.png Figure 4. Top: V2 CG VR at 5 day time resolution derived from 28–43 keV LECP ion intensities (black) compared with 5 day running average 28–43 keV LECP ion intensities (red). Bottom: 5 day running average of the V2 magnetic field magnitude. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-v2-hsh-radial-speeds-5-day-running-averages-3axh2o5z.png Figure 1. Top: V2 HSH radial speeds; 5 day running averages from PLS observations (black), 5 day averages from LECP CG calculations (blue), and CG calculations from CRS during rolls (red diamonds with 1σ error bars). The LECP error bars are not shown to make the plots clear but average about 15 km s−1. Middle: 99 day running averages of the magnetic flux from the 1 au OMNI data (red) compared with 25 day running averages of the V2 magnetic flux calculated using the PLS speeds (black). The 1 au data are time-shifted forward 1 yr to account for the propagation time from 1 au to the HSH. Bottom: 99 day running average of magnetic flux from 1 au (red) compared with 25 day running averages of the V2 magnetic flux calculated using the LECP speeds (blue). The 1 au data are time-shifted forward 1 yr to account for the propagation time from 1 au to the HSH. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-v1-lecp-cg-26-day-average-vr-blue-diamonds-and-36srvj15.png Figure 3. Top: V1 LECP CG 26 day average VR (blue diamonds) and CRS CG VR (red circles) from roll data, both with 1σ error bars. Middle: 99 day running average of magnetic flux from 1 au (red) compared with 25 day running averages of the V1 magnetic flux calculated using the LECP speeds (black). The 1 au data are timeshifted forward 1 yr to account for the propagation time. Bottom: 99 day running averages of magnetic flux from 1 au (red) compared with 25 day running averages of the V1 magnetic flux calculated using the V2 PLS speed profile and V1 magnetic field (blue). The 1 au data are time-shifted forward 1 yr to account for the propagation time. https://scispace.com/papers/using-mineral-chemistry-to-aid-exploration-a-case-study-from-3hj05g7cnu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-k-feldspar-staining-and-swir-analyses-of-1x0qkdxk.png Table 3 – Results of K-feldspar staining and SWIR analyses of drillcore samples from Resolution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-trace-element-la-icp-ms-spot-analyses-of-ypyrefy2.png Table 5 – Summary of trace element LA-ICP-MS spot analyses of epidote from Resolution. Minimum and maximum values and the number of analyses from each sample are provided. Calculated radial distances to the center of the porphyry deposit are also provided. All data listed in Digital Appendix A3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-major-element-data-wt-for-drillcore-samples-from-3mgolo3r.png Table 1 – Major element data (wt %) for drillcore samples from Resolution. Full results are provided in Digital Appendix A1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-trace-element-data-ppm-for-drillcore-samples-from-3kekxhzg.png Table 2 – Trace element data (ppm) for drillcore samples from Resolution. Full results are provided in Digital Appendix A1. https://scispace.com/papers/using-maps-and-landmarks-for-navigation-between-closed-and-34ux8604uo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-percentage-of-different-answers-grouped-by-lx2m6sxj.png Figure 5: The percentage of different answers grouped by question category https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-aspects-that-the-questionnaire-attempted-to-duwexcts.png Table 1: The aspects that the questionnaire attempted to assess in each category. See Appendix 1 for the full set of questions and answers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-student-rating-of-the-system-aspects-split-by-3rd8j2f2.png Figure 6: Student rating of the system aspects split by student knowledge of the subject (final course grade). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-representation-of-the-som-learning-algorithm-the-31w97iki.png Figure 3: A representation of the SOM learning algorithm. The gray area is the neighboring of the best matching unit that is defined by the neighborhood function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-components-of-the-knowledge-sea-interface-from-the-2mhfuog2.png Figure 1: Components of the Knowledge Sea interface. From the semantic map (top) the user could navigate to a landmark object (lecture slides, bottom right) or choose to explore non-landmark objects located in a particular cell (list of links to relevant tutorial pages, bottom left). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-components-of-the-knowledge-sea-system-3ojmlsl6.png Figure 4: The components of the Knowledge Sea system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-knowledge-sea-map-serves-as-a-mediator-to-help-12ia3e36.png Figure 2: The Knowledge Sea map serves as a mediator to help the user navigate from recognizable closed corpus resources to similar open corpus resources. https://scispace.com/papers/using-multilevel-modeling-and-mixed-methods-to-make-2fvfidkend 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-illustrations-of-microfoundations-topics-and-3pusj2h2.png Table 1. Illustrations of microfoundations topics and questions that can be investigated empirically using multilevel modeling https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-generic-bottom-up-multilevel-model-including-a-1qyxfqic.png Figure 2. Generic bottom-up multilevel model including a higher-level outcome https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-top-down-multilevel-model-including-a-lower-1ec69pgb.png Figure 1. General top-down multilevel model including a lower-level outcome https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-illustrations-of-microfoundations-topics-and-3lnuurer.png Table 2. Illustrations of microfoundations topics and questions that can be investigated empirically using mixed methods https://scispace.com/papers/using-modular-extension-to-provably-protect-edwards-curves-43f7yq00xm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prime-factors-p-of-l-for-the-generator-point-xg-yg-3kzoo0g8.png Table 2. Prime Factors < p of λ for the generator point (xG, yG) given in example (curve Ed25519 defined in Sec. 6.2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-roots-probability-for-ecsm-k-g-3t1obpdq.png Fig. 2. #roots probability for ECSM [k]G. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-theory-of-the-elliptic-curve-addition-cost-3cxjxyxo.png Table 1. Theory of the elliptic curve addition cost https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sketch-of-the-principle-of-modular-extension-snovb4eq.png Fig. 1. Sketch of the principle of modular extension. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-degree-of-the-polynomial-p-against-the-value-of-k-in-21lwxoyy.png Fig. 3. Degree of the polynomial ∆P against the value of k (in log-log scale). https://scispace.com/papers/using-motion-planning-to-map-protein-folding-landscapes-and-229ynh9d1v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illegal-contact-pairs-a-violating-rule-2-and-b-ecck4ug5.png Figure 2: Illegal contact pairs: (a) violating rule (2), and (b) violating rule (3), the pseudo knot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-prm-roadmap-in-c-space-a-prm-roadmap-a-after-node-1b075ibt.png Figure 1: A prm roadmap in C-space. A prm roadmap: (a) after node generation, and (b) after the connection phase and being used to solve a query. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-intermediate-node-generation-a-start-and-goal-ilkdof4s.png Figure 3: Intermediate node generation. (a) Start and goal configurations and contact pairs to be opened and closed: q1,q1 are in O; p1,p2 are in L. (b) Dependency graph: p1 depends on q1 and q2, p2 depends on q2. (c) Sequences generated: c3 and c4 are the two intermediate configurations to connect c1 and c2, here c4 happens to be identical to c2. https://scispace.com/papers/using-modeling-tools-for-implementing-feasible-land-use-and-1cj2ijdpfx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-study-area-pluia1ib.png Fig. 1. Study area. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-values-used-to-compute-nature-conservation-cost-2nd-22iscwcy.png Table 4 Values used to compute nature conservation cost (2nd scenario). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-of-marxan-optimization-for-scenarios-1-and-2-a-3oy6plom.png Fig. 4. Results of Marxan optimization for scenarios 1 and 2: (a) and (b) first scenario considering the present land uses and values and the societal cost of changing land uses; (c) and (d) second scenario giving priority to ecological restoration and conservation. Note: classification represents the relative frequency in which each planning unit was selected to integrate the optimized portfolio. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-assignment-of-blm-values-for-each-scenario-ixw3mpl4.png Table 5 Assignment of BLM values for each scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-geographical-accuracy-of-the-model-results-obtained-by-22zs8u1d.png Fig. 7. Geographical accuracy of the model results obtained by comparing both (a) “best solu to the metrics proposed by Pontius and Millones (2011). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-results-of-marxan-a-and-b-third-scenario-aiming-to-2p8ylmvk.png Fig. 5. Results of Marxan: (a) and (b) third scenario aiming to identify target management ar to invasive species); (c) and (d) fourth scenario including the correction of the societal cos https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-main-methodological-flowchart-adapted-from-fernandes-xkeya5mi.png Fig. 3. Main methodological flowchart (adapted from Fernandes et al., 2015). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-land-use-land-cover-map-of-pico-for-2007-moreira-2013-2l1oqve9.png Fig. 2. Land use/Land cover Map of Pico for 2007 (Moreira, 2013). https://scispace.com/papers/using-multiple-adaptive-distinguishing-sequences-for-44rqx03s3a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-fsm-m0-1ry2v0wz.png Fig. 1: The FSM M0 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-fsms-where-c-m-a-c1-1w3ezafl.png Table 2: Number of FSMs where |C(M,A?)| < |C1| https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-fsm-m2-with-two-ads-trees-a-and-b-2v9vqmnc.png Fig. 3: The FSM M2 with two ADS trees: a and b. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-spanning-tree-of-the-fsm-m2-32quii60.png Fig. 7: Spanning tree of the FSM M2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-this-fsm-is-not-isomorphic-to-the-m2-but-produces-the-19ade0ti.png Fig. 4: This FSM is not isomorphic to the M2 but produces the same output response to aasaaabbtbbb https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-subgraph-of-the-fsm-m2-aasaaa-is-a-cs-25gyv8dg.png Fig. 5: A subgraph of the FSM M2: aasaaa is a CS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-another-subgraph-of-the-fsm-m2-bbtbbb-is-a-cs-1s0v4u6x.png Fig. 6: Another subgraph of the FSM M2: bbtbbb is a CS https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-percentage-improvement-in-the-length-of-2i31livn.png Table 1: Average percentage improvement in the length of checking sequences https://scispace.com/papers/using-openmp-superscalar-for-parallelization-of-embedded-and-3vuvkpjua6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-wavefront-parallelism-in-h-264-macroblock-4yhyeqrb.png Fig. 3. Wavefront parallelism in H.264 macroblock reconstruction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-remapping-the-irregular-superblock-shapes-back-to-8omtqojw.png Fig. 4. Remapping the irregular superblock shapes back to regular shapes simplifies the dependency expression for the programmer and task dependence checking for the runtime system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-speedup-factors-and-geometric-means-of-ompss-over-vk2c1t0u.png TABLE IV SPEEDUP FACTORS AND GEOMETRIC MEANS OF OMPSS OVER PTHREADS FOR EACH BENCHMARK AND CORE COUNT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-embedded-and-consumer-benchmarks-used-for-the-3vlyie44.png TABLE I EMBEDDED AND CONSUMER BENCHMARKS USED FOR THE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION. FOR EACH OF THE BENCHMARKS A SEQUENTIAL, PTHREADS, AND OMPSS VARIANT IS DEVELOPED. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-additional-lines-of-code-of-the-pthreads-variant-tfg4v8j1.png TABLE III ADDITIONAL LINES OF CODE OF THE PTHREADS VARIANT COMPARED TO OMPSS VARIANT FOR EACH BENCHMARK. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-experimental-setup-39agtud6.png TABLE II EXPERIMENTAL SETUP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-speedup-results-for-all-benchmarks-the-results-for-the-2mqap3nf.png Fig. 5. Speedup results for all benchmarks. The results for the kernel, workload and application benchmarks are shown in different graphs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-h-264-decoder-pipeline-stages-in-our-design-2jw2yyqw.png Fig. 1. H.264 decoder pipeline stages in our design https://scispace.com/papers/using-otis-to-model-solute-transport-in-streams-and-rivers-3fmzmcqvta 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-observed-symbols-and-simulated-nitrate-ehpubjtj.png Figure 5. Observed (symbols) and simulated nitrate concentrations in Green Creek, Antarctica, 226 meters from the injection point. Simulation results are shown for conservative transport (λ = λs = 0; dashed line) and first-order loss (λ, λs> 0; solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-conceptual-model-includes-the-main-channel-and-the-1kgez7gx.png Figure 2. Conceptual model includes the main channel and the storage zone. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-observed-symbols-and-simulated-iron-concentrations-2bb6ngck.png Figure 6. Observed (symbols) and simulated iron concentrations in St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado. Simulation results are shown for conservative transport (λ = λs = 0; dashed line) and first-order loss (λ = 1 × 10−4; solid line). https://scispace.com/papers/using-network-centrality-measures-to-manage-landscape-mrzlfl6fxy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-spearman-rank-correlation-coefficients-for-the-2358htfk.png Table 2. Spearman rank correlation coefficients for the different rankings introduced by the centrality measures studied as well as by the two principal components obtained by using the factor analysis for the weighted-directed representation of the Madagascar landscape network. Marked correlations are significant at p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-correlation-coefficients-for-the-linear-regression-36r6npcj.png Table 6. Correlation coefficients for the linear regression between centrality measures obtained for two different representations of the same landscape network, i.e.,, weighted network and simple network. Correlation coefficients larger than 0.5 are in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-three-different-representations-of-landscape-3dq9es7s.png Table 1. Three different representations of landscape networks using weighted, directed and simple graphs. The definition of the node and link weights and example of the corresponding adjacency matrices are also illustrated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-spearman-rank-correlation-coefficients-for-the-sakqubbt.png Table 5. Spearman rank correlation coefficients for the different rankings introduced by the centrality measures studied as well as by the two principal components obtained by using the factor analysis for the simple (unweighted-undirected) representation of the Madagascar landscape network. Marked correlations are significant at p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-spearman-rank-correlation-coefficients-for-the-1pwnmrno.png Table 3. Spearman rank correlation coefficients for the different rankings introduced by the centrality measures studied as well as by the two principal components obtained by using the factor analysis for the binary-directed version of the Madagascar landscape network. Marked correlations are significant at p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-correlation-coefficients-for-the-linear-regression-16skdv2k.png Table 7. Correlation coefficients for the linear regression between centrality measures obtained for two different representations of the same landscape network, i.e.,, binarydirected network and simple network. Correlation coefficients larger than 0.5 are in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlation-coefficients-for-the-linear-regression-2pjrvkyr.png Table 4. Correlation coefficients for the linear regression between centrality measures obtained for two different representations of the same landscape network, i.e.,, weighted network and binary-directed network. Correlation coefficients larger than 0.5 are in bold. https://scispace.com/papers/using-owl-vismod-through-a-decision-making-process-for-50frhsbb0h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-showing-the-use-of-protege-jambalaya-with-the-1ngqv88g.png Figure 4. Showing the use of Protégé (Jambalaya) with the ontology Wine. On the left side, the hierarchy is shown as a tree-like view; while the right side shows a view using a tree layout with the hierarchy, properties and individuals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-semantic-zoom-technique-shows-the-internal-30txcuhs.png Figure 8. The Semantic Zoom technique shows the internal details of a class. Figure (a) depicts the individual for the class WineGrape, corresponding to all the types of grapes in this classification. Figure (b) shows the object properties for the class Wine (madeFromGrape, hasWineDescriptor, hasColor), as well as a cluster showing the equivalent classes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-it-provides-a-summary-of-the-most-common-problems-34d1r59m.png Table 1. It provides a summary of the most common problems detected with the diverse analysed tools and contrasts these problems with the solutions implemented in OWL-VisMod. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-tree-represents-the-taxonomy-of-the-wine-23u7ik6u.png Figure 7. The tree represents the taxonomy of the Wine Ontology. After analysing all the concepts defined by the authors, the region of Spain as well Spanish wines and cuisine were not included. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-view-of-the-property-madefromgrape-showing-the-3cfnbmph.png Figure 11. A view of the property madeFromGrape, showing the classes in the domain (Wine) and the classes in the range (WineGrape). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-visualising-the-semanticworks-tool-modeling-3b47zb5p.png Figure 1. Visualising the SemanticWorks tool modeling environment. It is based on the use of conceptual maps for representing relations and classes in an ontology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-figure-a-shows-the-semantic-zoom-of-the-class-wine-3c4dg80m.png Figure 10. Figure (a) shows the semantic zoom of the class Wine, with all its relations and coupled classes. Figure (b) depicts the semantic zoom over the most coupled class Region. The lack of specific classes is highlighted using a question mark, helping the user to identify such inconsistencies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-diagram-that-describes-the-main-activities-during-3swugdbc.png Figure 5. Diagram that describes the main activities during the process of the reuse of an ontology. Highlighting the phase of analysis, crucial in making the decision of whether or not to reuse an ontology. https://scispace.com/papers/using-one-dimensional-modeling-to-analyse-the-influence-of-16us3t5phl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-samples-of-silicone-moulds-taken-from-the-injector-truvnkr5.png Figure 1. Samples of silicone moulds taken from the injector https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-test-rig-for-the-hydraulical-characterization-of-1mei7zc8.png Figure 2. Test rig for the hydraulical characterization of the nozzle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-discharge-coefficient-of-the-nozzle-against-the-12yrxvdz.png Figure 4. Discharge coefficient of the nozzle against the Reynolds number. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mass-flow-against-square-root-of-pressure-drop-for-35lvxy8b.png Figure 3. Mass flow against square root of pressure drop for the orifices of the nozzle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-model-of-the-electrovalve-2uuxvi7y.png Figure 11. Model of the electrovalve. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-pictures-superposition-to-characterized-volumes-in-30g7hfj4.png Figure 10. Pictures superposition to characterized volumes in the nozzle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-model-of-the-nozzle-2il6r93k.png Figure 9. Model of the nozzle. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-for-the-injector-holder-model-1hc2vdsn.png Table 2. Parameters for the injector holder model https://scispace.com/papers/using-past-epidemics-to-estimate-the-macroeconomic-16u5vjagbu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-responses-to-an-epidemic-shock-in-the-finance-1fhu5pth.png Fig. 4. Responses to an epidemic shock in the finance capitalist period (1900–2019) Notes : The figure depicts impulse responses – estimated by Jordà (2005) ’s local projections – of real wages (Panel A), GDP per capita growth (Panel B), real investment growth (Panel C), labour-to-capital ratio (Panel D), real consumption growth (Panel E) and real share price return (Panel F) to a shock in the epidemic death rate. We include death rate from wars and a dummy taking value one if an adverse climate event occurred and zero otherwise. To control for autocorrelation we include two lags of the dependent and control variables. Significant estimates are denoted by dots. Grey bands indicate 90% confidence bands. Standard errors are corrected for heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation ( Newey and West, 1987; 1994 ). ∗ IRF refers to period 1900–2016. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-c-6-financial-capitalism-stylized-facts-notes-panel-a-b-2y9fbasf.png Fig. C.6. Financial-capitalism: stylized facts Notes : Panel A (B) depicts trade openness in the UK (World). Trade openness is defined as the ratio between the sum of imports and exports and GDP. Panel C (D) shows the evolution of the degree of equity (bond) market integration in the G7. The cross-country average standard correlation – computed using a rolling window of 20 years – is used as proxy for equity and bond market integration. Panel E shows the number of passengers (in millions) of the London underground. Panel F reports the dynamics of the UK stock market return volatility. Full details on data are reported in Appendix A and Appendix B . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-epidemics-vs-economic-recessions-in-england-notes-this-2bhszu9c.png Fig. 1. Epidemics vs. Economic Recessions in England Notes : This figure reports the main recessions (captured by negative GDP and GDP per capita growth rates) and the major epidemic death rates (calculated as epidemic-induced deaths divided by population) over the last five centuries in England. Data details are reported in Appendix A and Appendix B . https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-data-details-sjkb7egz.png Table A.1 Data details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-responses-to-an-epidemic-shock-in-the-industrial-1wyxoslt.png Fig. 3. Responses to an epidemic shock in the industrial capitalist period (1750–1899) Notes : This figure depicts the impulse responses – estimated by Jordà (2005) ’s local projections – of real wages (Panel A), GDP per capita growth (Panel B) and inflation (Panel C) to a shock in the epidemic death rate. A wars death rate and a dummy taking value one if an adverse climate event occurs and zero otherwise are included. To control for autocorrelation we include two lags of the dependent and control variables. Significant point estimates are denoted by dots. Grey bands indicate 90% confidence bands. Standard errors are corrected for heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation ( Newey and West, 1987; 1994 ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-responses-to-an-epidemic-shock-in-the-pre-capitalist-1d78q64b.png Fig. 2. Responses to an epidemic shock in the pre-capitalist period (1500–1749) Notes : This figure depicts the impulse responses – estimated by Jordà (2005) ’s local projections – of real wages (Panel A) and GDP per capita growth (Panel B) to a shock in the epidemics death rate. A wars death rate and a dummy taking value one if an adverse climate event occurs and zero otherwise are included. To control for autocorrelation we include two lags of the dependent and control variables. Significant point estimates are denoted by dots. Grey bands indicate 90% confidence bands. Standard errors are corrected for heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation ( Newey and West, 1987; 1994 ). https://scispace.com/papers/using-parallel-strategies-to-speed-up-pareto-local-search-19fb50o8iy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-parallel-speed-up-framework-replacing-one-v-tree-by-2eoyh8h3.png Fig. 2. Parallel speed-up framework: replacing one “▽”-tree by multiple “T”-trees. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-results-of-the-12-ppls-variants-1xn3dz8b.png Table 1. Experimental results of the 12 PPLS variants. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-12-investigated-parallel-pls-variants-1gqfm3wt.png Fig. 5. The 12 investigated parallel PLS variants. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-defining-boundaries-for-3-weight-vectors-1r7csptn.png Fig. 3. Defining boundaries for 3 weight vectors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-experimental-results-on-three-mubqp-instances-with-n-19l9jvva.png Fig. 6. Experimental results on three mUBQP instances with n = 500. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-trajectory-trees-of-different-parallel-pls-variants-27xneogt.png Fig. 4. Trajectory trees of different parallel PLS variants. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-using-trajectory-tree-to-visualize-pls-process-3dcyanel.png Fig. 1. Using trajectory tree to visualize PLS process. https://scispace.com/papers/using-partial-identification-methods-to-estimate-the-effect-4kxhj3zoof 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sensitivity-analysis-35s8y6un.png Table 2. Sensitivity analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlates-between-violence-against-women-and-childs-2guofes4.png Table 1. Correlates between violence against women and child’s health outcomes https://scispace.com/papers/using-polygons-to-model-maritime-movement-in-antiquity-wqxuowq68d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-3qdpc2po.png Figure 21 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-2fyuh4vs.png Figure 10 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-jh3xkbie.png Figure 9 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-2wdwr4ac.png Figure 19 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-tg6jctqb.png Figure 7 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-1jgtpbec.png Figure 2 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-1rdfubr8.png Figure 17 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-3ng5swme.png Figure 11 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/papers/using-plant-bioactive-materials-to-control-gastrointestinal-4fok9631bt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-in-vivo-trials-assessing-the-ah-effect-of-24zjpbiz.png Table 2 Summary of in vivo trials assessing the AH effect of plant materials against helminths in different livestock species. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-in-vitro-tests-using-plant-extracts-3qvtym9l.png Table 1 Summary of in vitro tests using plant extracts against helminths in different livestock species. https://scispace.com/papers/using-pin-as-a-memory-reference-generator-for-multiprocessor-2ot89sdval 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prototype-code-1bmbedd3.png Figure 1. Prototype code. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulator-performance-36plur0o.png Figure 3. Simulator Performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulator-accuracy-1ma77ytd.png Figure 2. Simulator Accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-benchmark-statistics-w36csc25.png Table 1. Benchmark statistics. https://scispace.com/papers/using-proton-nuclear-magnetic-resonance-nmr-as-a-calibrating-4xzmarnfo4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dfft-of-one-acquisition-with-its-fitting-curve-the-10pcw8ec.png Figure 2: DFFT of one acquisition with its fitting curve. The red curve is the sum of the blue curves (single Gaussian functions). The uncertainty associated for each black point is the uncertainty of the RF synthesizer. The solid black line indicates the frequency associated to the HzωMj 0 point of maximum amplitude. The dotted black line is located at the expectation value of the frequency (see equation (3)): .HzωEj 390 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-symmetric-distribution-with-one-gaussian-fitting-3bjftow3.png Figure 8: Symmetric distribution with one Gaussian fitting and the asymmetric uncompensated distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fd-parameters-used-in-this-work-optimization-al4v5xh5.png Figure 7: fd parameters used in this work. Optimization parameters are measured from the frequency distribution curve (FFT of the ECHO signal). Here Bmax corresponds to the maximum value; m is the half-maximum, am the bandwidth at half-maximum (f2-f1), and s is a parameter reflecting the symmetry of the distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hahn-echo-sequence-with-each-parameter-used-in-the-jptxa19w.png Figure 1: Hahn ECHO sequence with each parameter used in the experiment. See text for details. https://scispace.com/papers/using-real-world-data-to-understand-hiv-and-covid-19-in-the-3n2m8buylt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-baseline-characteristics-of-plhiv-kjqmfhnd.png Figure 2. Comparison of baseline characteristics of PLHIV receiving intensive services with a diagnosis of COVID-19 or test positive for SARS-CoV-2 vs. PLHIV with a diagnosis of COVID-19 or test positive for SARS-CoV-2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-baseline-characteristics-of-plhiv-d2k4ex2l.png Figure 3. Comparison of baseline characteristics of PLHIV receiving intensive services with a diagnosis of COVID-19 or test positive for SARS-CoV-2 vs. HIV-negative patients hospitalized receiving intensive services with a diagnosis of COVID-19 or a test positive for SARS-CoV-2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-baseline-comorbidities-of-plhiv-with-3l9py10l.png Figure 1. Comparison of baseline comorbidities of PLHIV with a diagnosis of COVID-19 or test positive for SARS-CoV-2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-baseline-treatments-of-plhiv-9ot9i3j6.png Figure 4. Comparison of baseline treatments of PLHIV receiving intensive services with a diagnosis of COVID-19 or test positive for SARS-CoV-2 vs. PLHIV with a diagnosis of COVID-19 or test positive for SARS-CoV-2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-study-participants-38poym9c.png Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of study participants, stratified by data source and HIV status https://scispace.com/papers/using-quasi-monoenergetic-photon-sources-to-probe-photo-1ytp4ybupd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-photo-fission-cross-section-versus-incident-photon-3uche8lg.png Figure 1: Photo-fission cross-section versus incident photon energy. Blue data 11 represents an average cross-section analysis, and the red data represents a second-12 order Legendre fit to the data. The black line represents previous data [3] for 13 comparison. The green curve is a likeness to the beam shape. 14 https://scispace.com/papers/using-quadrature-and-an-iterative-eigensolver-to-compute-2yt219o9w8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-spin-rovibrational-levels-of-o2-ar-3s-g-in-cm-1-2ntan5fd.png TABLE III: Spin-rovibrational levels of O2-Ar( 3Σ−g ) (in cm −1) relative to the dissociation energy without Tfine. We follow Ref. 12 and label the ladders by i in the first row. See also Table II and Fig. 2 for more information about the ladders. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-all-bound-spin-rovibrational-levels-of-o2-he-3s-g-24m63hj2.png TABLE IV: All bound spin-rovibrational levels of O2-He( 3Σ−g ) (in cm −1) relative to the dissociation energy without Tfine. TA refers to Tennyson and van der Avoird[11]. TW is This Work. To the TA levels of Ref. 11, we have added 0.246 cm−1, the energy of the J = 1 O2 state, to account for the difference in the definition of the zero of energy in this paper and in TA. All levels in this table are below 0.246 cm−1 and are bound, except for one level at 0.248 cm−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fine-structure-rovibrational-levels-of-o2-he-see-the-1r4j8oy9.png FIG. 3: Fine-structure rovibrational levels of O2-He. See the caption of Fig. 2 for additional information about the ladders. The dashed line is the dissociation limit with O2 in its J = 1 rotational state with energy 0.246 cm−1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-spin-rovibrational-levels-of-nh-3s-he-in-cm-1-2v9kj08p.png TABLE I: Spin-rovibrational levels of NH(3Σ−)-He (in cm−1) relative to the dissociation energy with no Tfine term. The Cybulski columns are from Ref. 35. The NH electronic ground state energy -0.0077 cm−1 (due to Tfine ) was added to the data of Ref. 35 to obtain the spin-rovibrational levels in the second to last column. e/o is even/odd parity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fine-structure-rovibrational-levels-of-o2-ar-2k4gvjw4.png FIG. 2: Fine-structure rovibrational levels of O2-Ar. Theoretical levels are sorted into ladders based on the approximate quantum numbers K, mS , and mN1 . The first four ladders i = 1, · · · , 4 originate from mN1 = 1 states of O2. The next two ladders i = 5, 6 originate from mN1 = 0 states of O2. Indicated with each level is J(e/o) where e/o is even/odd parity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-coupling-schemes-used-for-systems-consisting-of-an-2wbvdel0.png FIG. 1: Two coupling schemes used for systems consisting of an open shell Σ diatomic molecule and a closed shell atom, such as O2-Ar or NH-Ar. In scheme (a), the vector r0 is associated with the intermonomer Jacobi vector. In scheme (b), the vector r0 is associated with the diatomic vector. The z axes of the body-fixed (BF) (marked in blue) and dimer-fixed frames in both schemes are along r0 and the x-axes of the BF frames are along r0 × r1 × r0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-labels-of-ladders-12-for-spin-rovibrational-levels-3f3742h4.png TABLE II: Labels of ladders[12] for spin-rovibrational levels of O2-Ar( 3Σ−). σ = (e, f) is the spectroscopic parity with e and f representing (−1)J+P = +1 and -1, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/using-repetitive-control-to-enhance-force-control-during-58aya1drk4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-top-simulation-of-the-plug-in-type-3rd-order-2ctwgs0f.png Fig. 8: (Top) simulation of the plug-in type 3rd order repetitive controller, designed for random period error, applied after 10 seconds of passive proportional control. (Bottom) the RMS force error for each cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-top-simulation-of-the-plug-in-type-1st-order-3vdczyco.png Fig. 6: (Top) simulation of the plug-in type 1st order repetitive controller applied after 10 seconds of passive proportional control. (Bottom) the RMS force error for each cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-top-simulation-of-the-plug-in-type-3rd-order-11q24ozg.png Fig. 7: (Top) simulation of the plug-in type 3rd order repetitive controller, designed for constant period error, applied after 10 seconds of passive proportional control. (Bottom) the RMS force error for each cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mechanical-system-of-interest-4tdv58fk.png Fig. 1: Mechanical system of interest. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-rate-of-convergence-of-simulations-under-conditions-of-29fp1qxb.png Fig. 9: Rate of convergence of simulations under conditions of parameter error for the three repetitive controllers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-a-standard-zero-force-controller-with-2ejy3bt8.png Fig. 2: Schematic of a standard zero-force controller with inner force-feedback loop. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-rms-force-error-for-the-four-force-controllers-under-iy8z4189.png Fig. 11: RMS force error for the four force controllers under constant period error of the distal velocity signal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-1st-order-repetitive-controller-under-nominal-hand-34bl6mf6.png Fig. 12: 1st order repetitive controller under nominal hand applied perturbations. https://scispace.com/papers/using-rdf-to-model-the-structure-and-process-of-systems-59scmxyrv0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-relationship-between-an-instance-and-its-304mvcqq.png Figure 2: The relationship between an instance and its ontology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-rdf-triples-as-an-rdf-network-sdbc0i51.png Figure 1: Two RDF triples as an RDF network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-fhat-rvm-and-neno-triple-code-commingle-with-2ivtbzh4.png Figure 3: The Fhat RVM and Neno triple-code commingle with other RDF data. https://scispace.com/papers/using-seadatanet-management-system-to-preserve-the-xbt-data-19zzq907gh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-approximate-position-of-the-seven-tracks-in-mfspp-1eduz6t8.png Fig. 1. The approximate position of the seven tracks in MFSPP [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-annual-a-and-monthly-b-distribution-of-xbt-data-3mlvw8e2.png Fig. 4. Annual (a) and monthly (b) distribution of XBT data measured in the Ligurian Sea from 1999 to 2014 from SeaDataNet website. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-distribution-of-xbt-profiles-in-the-ligurian-sea-146mqyr5.png Fig. 5. Distribution of XBT profiles in the Ligurian Sea available from SeaDataNet website https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-of-xbt-data-casts-for-operational-2swwnr13.png Fig. 3. Distribution of XBT data casts for Operational Oceanography in the Mediterranean Sea. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-common-data-index-interface-from-seadatanet-webpage-10-fcoi8xst.png Fig. 2. Common Data Index interface from SeaDataNet webpage [10]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-temperature-data-distribution-along-the-vertical-from-s7sha1cu.png Fig. 8. Temperature data distribution along the vertical from Genova to Capraia (September vs. March) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-temperature-section-during-september-from-genova-to-2wgzqv8b.png Fig. 6. Temperature section during September from Genova to Capraia ((a), the upper 100 metres, (b) the data from surface down to the maximum depth). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-temperature-section-during-march-from-genova-to-2ejxfss7.png Fig. 7. Temperature section during March from Genova to Capraia ((a), the upper 100 metres, (b) the data from surface down to the maximum depth). https://scispace.com/papers/using-satellites-to-monitor-severn-bridge-structure-uk-plh2th0hdl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-gnss-antennas-located-at-survey-point-t2-on-the-26dngq5l.png Figure 4. The GNSS antennas located at survey point T2 on the bridge. The illustration shows the GNSS antenna being installed https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-lateral-longitudinal-and-height-deflections-at-30q9sk2b.png Figure 9. Lateral, longitudinal and height deflections at locations C and E, as well as the differential movements C-E. This illustrates the torsional movements during this period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-longitudinal-movements-of-the-4-tower-tops-over-a-gxowg85r.png Figure 14, Longitudinal movements of the 4 Tower tops over a 10 minute period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-deflections-at-point-b-over-a-1-minute-period-29ige2l7.png Figure 8. Deflections at point B over a 1 minute period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-deflections-at-point-b-over-a-10-minute-period-cplf43kr.png Figure 7. Deflections at point B over a 10 minute period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-vertical-deflections-for-4-locations-over-a-40-3kp8dl6l.png Figure 12. Vertical Deflections for 4 locations over a 40 minute period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-vertical-deflections-for-4-locations-over-a-10-32zcmql7.png Figure 13. Vertical Deflections for 4 locations over a 10 minute period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-frequency-response-in-the-vertical-direction-at-2rh42zuh.png Figure 11. Frequency response in the vertical direction at point B. https://scispace.com/papers/using-room-acoustical-parameters-for-evaluating-the-quality-4u2kt8urwy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-c80-for-each-octave-band-for-different-measurement-1btuz78t.png Figure 4: C80 for each octave band for different measurement positions at the ‘Lokerse Feesten’ (fig. 2(e)), with (blue) and without (green) delay-lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-t30-and-1-iacce3-l3-for-mpl3-6-at-the-lokerse-2nnjnb32.png Figure 5: T30 and [1−IACCE3/L3] for MPL3-6 at the ‘Lokerse Feesten’ (fig. 2(e)) plotted in a boxplot in relation to the variation of the parameter over the square. The central mark is the median, the edges of the box are the 25th and 75th percentiles and the whiskers extend to the most extreme data points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-1-iacce3-l3-and-levcalc-at-the-four-different-2pfqzqco.png Figure 7: [1−IACCE3/L3] and LEVcalc at the four different squares expressed by boxplots in relation to the variation of the parameter over the square. The central mark is the median, the edges of the box are the 25th and 75th percentiles and the whiskers extend to the most extreme data points. LO stands for Oude Markt (Leuven), LV for Vismarkt (Leuven), MG for Grote Markt (Mechelen) and MV for Vismarkt (Mechelen). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-impulse-responses-with-blue-and-without-green-delay-1o3qvekf.png Figure 3: Impulse responses, with (blue) and without (green) delay-lines, at four measurement positions at the ‘Lokerse Feesten’ (fig. 2(e)). For both impulse responses the time of arrival of the first sound is indicated, together with the Erms-value of the 1 kHz octave band. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-measurement-set-up-before-and-during-the-concert-1zdiul88.png Figure 1: Measurement set-up before and during the concert. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-c80-edt-t30-and-bredt-at-the-four-different-squares-2szb0owm.png Figure 6: C80, EDT , T30 and BREDT at the four different squares plotted in a boxplot in relation to the spatial variability of the parameter. The central mark is the median, the edges of the box are the 25th and 75th percentiles and the whiskers extend to the most extreme data points. LO stands for Oude Markt (Leuven), LV for Vismarkt (Leuven), MG for Grote Markt (Mechelen) and MV for Vismarkt (Mechelen). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-relative-sound-pressure-level-leq-a-blue-and-leq-c-1iwkr4xq.png Figure 8: Relative sound pressure level (∆Leq,A (blue) and ∆Leq,C (green)) in function of the distance from the stage. The measurement positions are indicated as P1-6 and the reference position is represented by a black diamond-shaped marker. The vertical lines indicate the positions of the delay-lines. LO stands for Oude Markt (Leuven), LV for Vismarkt (Leuven), MG for Grote Markt (Mechelen) and MV for Vismarkt (Mechelen). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlation-coefficients-r-between-the-different-3f6d2eiy.png Table 1: Correlation coefficients r between the different parameters, as calculated from measured values from measurement positions at LO, LV, MG and MV. Correlations where |r| ≥ 0.6 are indicated in bold. https://scispace.com/papers/using-secondary-data-to-analyse-socio-economic-impacts-of-px5uzl2pwh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-total-imd-score-for-2007-for-control-and-impacted-wpgfp8d4.png Figure 4. Total IMD score for 2007 for control and impacted sites. 502 503 3.2 Results of analyses at domain level 504 505 In addition to the total IMD, it is also possible to compare deprivation between the 506 control and impacted sites using individual deprivation domains. Considering only the 507 total score runs the risk of masking potentially important patterns of variability in 508 deprivation at the level of individual domains. The data at domain level are based on the 509 seven domains of deprivation described in Table 1. For each of these domains, higher 510 scores are associated with more deprived SOAs. However, data for the individual 511 domains are not provided on a standardised scale and they have different minimum and 512 maximum values and ranges, making it impossible to directly compare deprivation 513 across different domains for an individual SOA. Despite this, the domain level data 514 allow for a more sophisticated analysis of different types of deprivation, particularly for 515 comparison of individual domains across different SOAs (Noble et al., 2004). 516 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-river-restoration-schemes-in-the-don-catchment-note-1fukenzx.png Figure 2. River restoration schemes in the Don Catchment. Note that the location of 308 some sites is obscured by close proximity to others in Fig. 2. 309 310 2.2.3 Selection of river restoration schemes 311 Two approaches to selecting sites for analysing socio-economic impacts of river 312 restoration schemes were considered. The first route was to include a smaller number of 313 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-restoration-scheme-star-with-a-one-2ku0jylw.png Figure 3. Example of restoration scheme (star) with a one kilometre buffer including 425 multiple SOAs (black boundaries). 426 427 In calculating the socio-economic characteristics of the area within the buffer, a 428 weighting could be applied to each individual SOA based on the proportion of the area 429 of the SOA that falls within the 1 km buffer. However, applying this type of simple area 430 weighting assumes that the resident population is evenly distributed within the SOAs, 431 which is rarely the case. To address this problem, the location of the residents must be 432 taken into account in the analysis as far as possible. Therefore, the proportion of the 433 SOA’s population, rather than the area of each SOA, inside of the buffer must be 434 estimated. The proportion of the total SOA population within the buffer can then be 435 used as a weight to apply to any socio-economic variable in the analysis. A 436 methodology to obtain a more accurate estimate of the population within the SOA, by 437 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-total-imd-score-for-2007-for-control-and-impacted-zjtyrfin.png Figure 5. Total IMD score for 2007 for control and impacted sites with variability 601 shown as ± one weighted standard deviation. 602 603 604 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-census-variables-indicating-the-direction-of-3w1luwqs.png Table 4. Census variables indicating the direction of differences between control and 560 impacted sites (C:I), and significance at p¼ 0.05 (* ¼ significant, NS ¼not 561 significant). 562 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-restoration-schemes-in-the-don-catchment-338-2g72xx3m.png Table 2. Restoration Schemes in the Don catchment. 338 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-deprivation-domains-indicating-the-direction-of-any-31dw2qq5.png Table 3. Deprivation domains indicating the direction of any differences between 540 control and impacted sites (C:I), and significance at p¼0.05 (*¼ significant at p¼ 0.05, 541 NS ¼not significant). 542 https://scispace.com/papers/using-shared-procedural-knowledge-for-virtual-collaboration-2b8o6lm1z1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-refinement-search-in-the-i-n-c-a-extension-1xhl0yjy.png Figure 3. Refinement search in the <I-N-C-A> Extension https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-domain-export-with-the-i-n-c-a-extension-1gkhdgzr.png Figure 4. Domain export with the <I-N-C-A> Extension https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-goal-and-procedural-uncertainty-results-135xgqso.png Figure 6. Goal and Procedural Uncertainty Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-openvce-website-and-3d-virtual-meeting-space-2xiyiwh5.png Figure 1. OpenVCE Website and 3D Virtual Meeting Space https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-openvce-website-with-vcp-progress-overview-to-do-1padd6a5.png Figure 5. OpenVCE Website with VCP Progress Overview (To-Do List) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-procedural-knowledge-in-the-edit-view-left-and-71b5nnak.png Figure 2. Procedural Knowledge in the edit view (left) and normal view (right) https://scispace.com/papers/using-simulation-to-improve-the-capability-of-undergraduate-38i0ctf741 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-self-rated-confidence-ability-and-knowledge-of-1fq9kzfw.png Table 1. Self-rated confidence, ability and knowledge of undergraduate nursing students, in provision of mental health care in acute care environments, pre- and post- the simulation activity. https://scispace.com/papers/using-social-media-to-quantify-spatial-and-temporal-dynamics-9zdek239hs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dolphin-and-whale-watching-density-maps-each-panel-pc0te7v7.png Fig 6. Dolphin and whale watching density maps. Each panel represents the density of Flickr visitor days in a different year, from 2005 to 2015. The blue dots on the maps are the data. Different colours represent different density levels, from low (yellow) to high (red). Chanonry Point; Aberdeen. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-results-of-wavelet-analysis-a-wavelet-coherence-3aggaooc.png Fig 1. Results of wavelet analysis. a) Wavelet coherence between the two time series. Colour code from purple (low values) to red (high values). The arrows indicate synchrony of the two time series: arrows pointing to the right means the oscillations are synchronised. Arrows are only plotted within white contour lines that indicate significance. The shaded area near the edges in the graphs is the cone of influence, and indicates the range of the graph where the results are not reliable because of edge effects. b) Phases of the oscillations of the two time series (SVD—STEAM visitor days—in orange and FVD—Flickr visitor days—in purple) computed in the 8–16 periodic band where there is significant correlation. The dotted line is the phase difference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-seal-watching-density-maps-each-panel-represents-the-7d3kzisv.png Fig 5. Seal watching density maps. Each panel represents the density of Flickr visitor days in a different year, from 2005 to 2015. The blue dots on the maps are the data. Different colours represent different density levels, from low (yellow) to high (red). + Shetland; • Newburgh;▼ Tay estuary; x Firth of Forth. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-of-negative-binomial-glms-left-results-at-the-1pmhyx0n.png Fig 3. Results of negative binomial GLMs. Left: results at the 20 km resolution; centre: results at the 10 km resolution; right: results at the 5 km resolution. Predictions from the models (blue line) are plotted on the response scale with confidence intervals (shaded areas around the prediction curve). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-results-of-binomial-glms-left-results-at-the-20-km-1p6lim8a.png Fig 2. Results of binomial GLMs. Left: results at the 20 km resolution; centre: results at the 10 km resolution; right: results at the 5 km resolution. Predictions from the models (blue line) are plotted on the response scale with confidence intervals (shaded areas around the prediction curve). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-time-series-of-visitation-to-the-cnp-top-panel-time-12l7ulh6.png Fig 7. Time series of visitation to the CNP. Top panel: time series of annual visitation to the Cairngorms National Park from Flickr (CNPFVD—CNP Flickr visitor days) and from the CNP authority data (CNPSVD—CNP STEAM visitor days in millions). Bottom panel: time series of monthly Flickr visitor days and rainfall in the Cairngorms National Park. The rectangles indicate summer 2012 and 2013 when rainfall is low and visitation is high. Rainfall data available from Met Office UK at: https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/pub/data/weather/ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-birdwatching-density-map-for-2009-by-season-each-panel-10b8jmbo.png Fig 4. Birdwatching density map for 2009 by season. Each panel represents the density of Flickr visitor days in a different season. The blue dots on the maps are the data. Different colours represent different density levels, from low (yellow) to high (red). Moray Firth, ▪ Edinburgh;▲Glasgow. https://scispace.com/papers/using-spatial-markovian-chain-for-the-statistical-analysis-49lyehhszp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-scheme-of-the-most-likely-one-step-transitions-for-1fn0yasl.png Fig. 5 Scheme of the most likely one-step transitions for each seismic zone. 281 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-results-obtained-in-the-chi-square-two-36dskfh0.png Table 3. Summary of results obtained in the Chi-square two-sample test (Space 343 variable). 344 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-histogram-of-spg-337-338-the-chi-square-test-for-two-1jyst10j.png Fig. 6 Histogram of Spg. 337 338 The Chi-square test for two independent samples (see, e.g., Siegel and Castellan, 1988) 339 was used to verify whether the samples formed by Sp and Spg can be considered to 340 come from the same population. Table 3 summarizes the results obtained. 341 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-generated-seismic-events-for-each-seismic-3bxett67.png Table 2 Number of generated seismic events for each seismic zone in the data and in a 328 generated sample. 329 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-of-sp-194-xifbylbk.png Table 1. Statistics of Sp 194 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-histogram-of-sp-197-198-as-shown-the-frequency-of-2egrg2ki.png Fig. 3 Histogram of Sp. 197 198 As shown, the frequency of seismic events in each one of the seven adopted zones is 199 quite different, highlighting the great dispersion of Sp among the seven zones. 200 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-results-obtained-in-the-chi-square-two-32mxjaqt.png Table 4. Summary of results obtained in the Chi-square two-sample test (conditioned 401 distribution functions of Space). 402 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-representation-of-the-7-defined-seismic-3gtr9cxj.png Fig. 1 (a) Schematic representation of the 7 defined seismic zones proposed by 108 Rodrigues and Oliveira (2013), (b) Epicentral locations. 109 https://scispace.com/papers/using-stakeholder-insights-to-enhance-engagement-in-phd-t608x5pwch 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stakeholder-classification-and-examples-2o043i7g.png Table 1: Stakeholder classification and examples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-stakeholder-engagement-tool-a-rapid-assessment-tool-eptm4qpj.png Figure 6: Stakeholder Engagement Tool: A rapid assessment tool for internal and external stakeholders to evaluate competencies and determine strengths for engagement in career and professional development programming [see supplemental file to download and use the tool] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-themes-from-internal-faculty-administrators-a-hlk5wbjf.png Figure 2: Themes from Internal Faculty/Administrators (a) Sankey diagram and (b) stacked bar graph representing the same data of the number of mentions for each theme representing benefits and challenges/opportunities to improve mentioned by frequent users, occasional users and non-users. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-themes-from-internal-pre-and-postdoctoral-23gdmjly.png Figure 1. Themes from Internal Pre-and Postdoctoral Researchers (a) Sankey diagram and (b) stacked bar graph representing the same data of the number of mentions for each theme representing benefits and challenges/opportunities to improve mentioned by frequent users, occasional users and non-users. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-themes-from-external-employer-stakeholders-industry-1kby71n7.png Figure 5. Themes from External Employer Stakeholders – Industry – Large and Small Businesses: Bar graph representing the number of mentions of each theme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-themes-from-external-facing-staff-bar-graph-2wpo5qbo.png Figure 3. Themes from External-Facing Staff: Bar graph representing the number of mentions of each theme. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-three-approaches-to-action-following-use-of-the-3qos087b.png Table 2: Three approaches to action following use of the stakeholder engagement tool https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-external-partners-societies-foundations-non-profits-qprx7zq6.png Figure 4. External Partners: Societies, Foundations, Non-profits: Bar graph representing the number of mentions of each theme. https://scispace.com/papers/using-structural-shocks-to-identify-models-of-investment-545x44i0y5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-of-structural-investment-model-based-on-19g6tatu.png Table 2 Estimates of Structural Investment Model Based on matching technology IRF only https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-presents-estimates-based-on-fitting-both-the-gsp0zjus.png Table 3 presents estimates based on fitting both the monetary-policy and https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimates-of-structural-investment-model-based-on-wp8k5w9d.png Table 1 Estimates of Structural Investment Model Based on matching monetary-policy IRF only https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimates-of-structural-investment-model-based-on-2p34uc4w.png Table 5 Estimates of Structural Investment Model Based on matching monetary-policy, technology, inflation, and IS-curve IRFs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-shows-the-impulse-responses-from-the-model-with-the-d66zjf6g.png Figure 5 shows the impulse responses from the model with the parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimates-of-structural-investment-model-tw7zsitz.png Table 3 presents estimates based on fitting both the monetary-policy and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-compares-the-impulse-responses-with-and-without-the-3i4sr7ph.png Figure 3 compares the impulse responses with and without the restriction 1σ = imposed. Both specifications capture the VAR response to a monetary-policy shock about equally well, but the specification with a smaller value of σ allows the model to do a better job approximating the response to the technology shock. https://scispace.com/papers/using-survey-calibration-and-statistical-matching-to-13yswmveqy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-weights-after-survey-calibration-a-3iseb6yp.png FIGURE 1 Distribution of weights after survey calibration: (a) distribution against rank by decreasing weight and (b) plot of weights of sample of 50 observations for all scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relative-error-of-education-activities-by-age-3p0k62fz.png FIGURE 5 Relative error of education activities by age threshold: (a) frequency and (b) duration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relative-error-of-a-frequency-and-b-duration-for-3okefi7a.png FIGURE 6 Relative error of (a) frequency and (b) duration for distorted weights. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequency-and-duration-by-activity-type-after-m7xxcudi.png TABLE 1 Frequency and Duration by Activity Type, After Calibration https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-most-frequent-activity-schedule-types-after-15eboac8.png TABLE 2 Most Frequent Activity Schedule Types, After Calibration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-error-of-travel-indicators-after-matching-pt-public-2ewe37or.png FIGURE 4 Error of travel indicators, after matching (PT = public transport). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-frequency-and-duration-by-activity-type-after-1i6k97hq.png TABLE 3 Frequency and Duration by Activity Type, After Matching https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relative-error-of-a-frequency-and-b-duration-per-zemoj52k.png FIGURE 2 Relative error of (a) frequency and (b) duration per activity type. https://scispace.com/papers/using-stochastically-generated-subcolumns-to-represent-cloud-45ney7bilc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-impact-on-vertically-projected-cloud-fraction-3knll157.png Table 1: The impact on vertically-projected cloud fraction, outgoing longwave radiation, and reflected solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere due to changes in the overlap assumption in GFDL’s global model AM2. Changes are averaged, over the globe and the seasonal and diurnal cycles, and are relative to the default random overlap assumption. AM2 produces partially-cloudy layers relatively frequently compared to other global models, so overlap assumptions can play a large role in determining total cloud fraction and radiative fluxes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-impact-on-radiative-fluxes-caused-by-introducing-1f78krhx.png Table 2: The impact on radiative fluxes caused by introducing subgrid-scale inhomogeneity in cloud optical thickness. The change is relative to clouds using the same overlap assumption, to the total cloud fraction is not affected. The variability in each grid cell is estimated from the cloud fraction and condensate amounts. Clouds in the standard model are tuned by reducing the condensate amount by 15% before radiative properties are computed; account for realistic amounts of inhomogeneity allows this tuning to be removed. (Figures are rounded so total changes may differ from the sum of the components.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-distribution-of-differences-of-mean-annually-1ckeh4jq.png Figure 6. Distribution of differences of mean annually-averaged reflected shortwave radiation within and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-significance-values-p-values-for-a-students-t-test-ramxkor3.png Figure 7. Significance values (p values) for a Student’s t-test applied to the difference in ensemble-mean annually-averaged reflected solar radiation at each grid point between ensembles of simulations using ICA and McICA. This value indicates the likelihood that the means of two samples drawn from a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-subcolumns-created-from-model-profiles-of-19jlbgfw.png Figure 1. Example subcolumns created from model profiles of cloud fraction and liquid and ice water https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sampling-noise-in-top-of-atmosphere-radiative-1b74b0nu.png Figure 3. Sampling noise in top-of-atmosphere radiative fluxes introduced by the Monte Carlo Independent https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-difference-in-top-of-atmosphere-toa-radiative-byk9hyvv.png Figure 2. Difference in top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative fluxes due to two treatments of cloud overlap. https://scispace.com/papers/using-task-knowledge-to-guide-interactor-specifications-f92tgzuu7v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-menu-navigation-1hg0xyia.png Fig. 2. Menu navigation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-c-e-system-for-making-a-call-revised-version-ntzj4gfi.png Fig. 5. C/E-system for making a call (revised version) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-c-e-system-for-making-a-call-18fv0r7b.png Fig. 3. C/E-system for making a call https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-interactor-for-making-a-call-10mxt6ad.png Fig. 4. Interactor for making a call https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-menu-navigation-redesign-2chpgi0p.png Fig. 6. Menu navigation (redesign) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mobile-phone-3sybxmxf.png Fig. 1. Mobile phone https://scispace.com/papers/using-symbolic-evaluation-to-understand-behavior-in-1bwkoh3j9c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-uses-of-configuration-options-bolded-2u1myyuq.png Figure 1: Uses of configuration options (bolded). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-symbolic-evaluation-r0tztq62.png Figure 2: Example symbolic evaluation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-summary-of-symbolic-evaluation-dr50nmr2.png Figure 4: Summary of symbolic evaluation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-number-of-paths-per-test-case-l-b-e-line-block-edge-2c021dpj.png Figure 5: Number of paths per test case (L/B/E=line/block/edge, C=condition). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-number-of-interactions-at-each-strength-174rzfoh.png Figure 6: Number of interactions at each strength. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-additional-coverage-achieved-by-each-configuration-1se81wlt.png Figure 8: Additional coverage achieved by each configuration in the minimal covering sets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-guaranteed-coverage-versus-interaction-strength-2lyxgvrq.png Figure 7: Guaranteed coverage versus interaction strength. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-interactions-needed-for-95-line-coverage-ngircd-and-23ozc3qj.png Figure 9: Interactions needed for 95% line coverage. ngIRCd and vsftpd include some approximations. https://scispace.com/papers/using-technology-to-eliminate-traffic-congestion-1coj46sc3c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wholesale-market-model-1ezt8mpl.png Figure 1 Wholesale Market Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-a-retail-app-37r33ksb.png Figure 2 Example of a Retail App https://scispace.com/papers/using-the-active-appearance-algorithm-for-face-and-facial-jd7mt97ced 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-model-matching-and-texture-approximation-process-a-qsrzrlu2.png Fig. 1. The model matching and texture approximation process. A good and a bad (top and bottom row respectively) model adaptation is shown (a); The image mapped onto the model (b); The model is reshaped to the standard shape, producing the image j (c); The normalized texture is approximated by the Texture Units, producing the image x (d); The residual image r is computed (e). The images j and x are more similar the better the model adaptaion is. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-model-adapted-to-four-frames-of-a-video-sequence-epdt2vta.png Fig. 2. The model adapted to four frames of a video sequence. https://scispace.com/papers/using-the-aman-da-method-to-generate-security-requirements-a-18m12x4uw5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-multi-level-domain-ontology-1cxlbxew.png Figure 3. Multi-level domain ontology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-textual-specification-of-security-requirements-havtr31s.png Figure 13. Textual specification of security requirements related to the maritime case study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-number-of-produced-artifacts-33bzwhhc.png Table 5. Number of produced artifacts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-maritime-domain-ontology-3m1zrivk.png Figure 18. Maritime domain ontology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-deep-view-on-the-security-ontology-j92hno56.png Figure 4. A deep view on the security ontology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-the-core-security-ontology-2hglrxqf.png Figure 17. The core security ontology https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-questions-about-the-usage-of-the-method-3iuh3m0r.png Table 6. Questions about the usage of the method https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-threat-analysis-using-the-rules-j85j7w3q.png Table 1. Threat analysis using the rules https://scispace.com/papers/using-the-cmb-angular-power-spectrum-to-study-dark-matter-37p1tub1ct 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-best-fit-values-and-minimum-credible-intervals-at-2yx29qdr.png TABLE I: Best-fit values and minimum credible intervals at the 68% confidence level of the cosmological parameters set by Planck, with u ≡ [ σDM−γ/σTh ] [mDM/100 GeV] −1 as a free parameter and a constant σDM−γ. For comparison, ‘Planck + WP’ are the 68% limits taken from Ref. [41]. Ωbh2 is the baryon energy density, ΩDMh2 is the dark matter energy density, h is the reduced Hubble parameter, As is the primordial spectrum amplitude, ns is the spectral index and zreio is the reionisation redshift. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-triangle-plot-showing-the-one-and-two-dimensional-3ihp3iv0.png FIG. 2: Triangle plot showing the one and two-dimensional posterior distributions of the cosmological parameters set by Planck, with u ≡[ σDM−γ/σTh ] [mDM/100 GeV] −1 as a free parameter and a constant σDM−γ. The contours correspond to the 68% and 95% confidence levels. Ωbh2 is the baryon energy density, ΩDMh2 is the dark matter energy density, h is the reduced Hubble parameter, As is the primordial spectrum amplitude, ns is the spectral index and zreio is the reionisation redshift. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-effect-of-dm-g-interactions-on-the-t-t-left-and-ee-1stc87vl.png FIG. 1: The effect of DM–γ interactions on the T T (left) and EE (right) components of the CMB angular power spectrum, where the strength of the interaction is characterised by u≡ [ σDM−γ/σTh ] [mDM/100 GeV] −1 (u = 0 corresponds to zero DM–γ coupling) and σDM−γ is constant. For all the curves, we consider a flat ΛCDM model with H0 = 70 km s−1 Mpc−1 (h = 0.7), ΩΛ = 0.7, Ωm = 0.3 and Ωb = 0.05, where u is the only additional parameter. The new coupling has two main effects: i) a suppression of the small-scale peaks due to a combination of collisional damping and a delayed photon decoupling, and ii) a shift in the peaks to larger ` due to a decrease in the sound speed of the thermal plasma. (Note that u = 10−4 is difficult to distinguish from u = 0 at this scale). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-effect-of-dm-g-interactions-on-the-b-modes-of-the-2ssmyw0u.png FIG. 4: The effect of DM–γ interactions on the B-modes of the angular power spectrum, where the strength of the interaction is characterised by u ≡ [ σDM−γ/σTh ] [mDM/100 GeV] −1 (with a constant σDM−γ) and we use the ‘Planck + WP’ best-fit parameters from Ref. [41]. The data points are the recent B-mode polarisation measurements from the SPT experiment, where SPTpol 1, SPTpol 2 and SPTpol 3 refer to (Ê150φ̂CIB)× B̂150, (Ê95φ̂CIB)× B̂150 and (Ê150φ̂CIB)× B̂150χ respectively in Ref. [56]. For the maximally allowed (constant) DM–γ cross section (u ' 10−4), we see a deviation from the Planck best-fit ΛCDM model for ` & 500 and a significant suppression of power for larger `. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-influence-of-dm-g-interactions-on-the-matter-power-wxqvg47w.png FIG. 5: The influence of DM–γ interactions on the matter power spectrum, where the strength of the interaction is characterised by u ≡ [ σDM−γ/σTh ] [mDM/100 GeV] −1 (with a constant σDM−γ) and we use the ‘Planck + WP’ best-fit parameters from Ref. [41]. The new coupling produces (power-law) damped oscillations at large scales, reducing the number of small-scale structures, thus allowing the cross section to be constrained. For allowed (constant) DM–γ cross sections (u . 10−4), significant damping effects are restricted to the non-linear regime (k & 0.2 h Mpc−1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-comparison-between-the-t-t-angular-power-spectra-for-21aticla.png FIG. 3: A comparison between the T T angular power spectra for the maximally allowed (constant) DM–γ cross section (u ' 10−4), and the 9-year WMAP [3] and one-year Planck [41] best-fit data. Also plotted are the full 3-year data from the SPT and ACT experiments [55]. On the left, we see a suppression of power with respect to WMAP-9 and Planck for `& 3000 and on the right, we give our prediction for the T T component of the angular power spectrum at high `. https://scispace.com/papers/using-the-distiller-to-direct-the-development-of-self-3iflxmqjea 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-attributes-chosen-2y08nkcw.png Table 3. Summary of Attributes Chosen https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mean-resp-time-of-dss-as-prefetch-length-varies-7dqb0nz7.png Figure 7. Mean resp. time of DSS as prefetch length varies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-distillers-iterative-loop-2zpls5k1.png Figure 1. The Distiller’s iterative loop. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-mean-resp-time-of-om-as-stripe-unit-size-varies-r3vv4ynf.png Figure 8. Mean resp. time of OM as stripe unit size varies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-workloads-26lrath2.png Table 1. Summary of Workloads https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-initial-synthetic-workloads-38afmakl.png Table 4. Summary of Initial Synthetic Workloads https://scispace.com/papers/using-the-graphite-isotope-ratio-method-to-verify-the-dprk-s-rwfzpowqif 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-three-dimensional-pin-cell-model-of-a-fuel-rod-of-d211xm8z.png Figure 3: Three-dimensional pin-cell model of a fuel rod of the 5 MWe reactor (with reflecting boundary conditions). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-b10-b11-ratio-as-a-function-of-cumulative-plutonium-1jds5ou8.png Figure 4: B10/B11 ratio as a function of cumulative plutonium production (grams/cm3) on the three dimensional pin-cell model of a fuel rod of the 5 MWe reactor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-physical-characteristics-of-the-5-mwe-3hzxyf2u.png Table 1: Estimated Physical Characteristics of the 5 MWe Reactori https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cross-section-of-the-5-mwe-reactor-source-kaeri-2mkx8lz9.png Figure 1: Cross-section of the 5 MWe reactor. Source: KAERI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-simulated-b10-b11-ratios-of-graphite-samples-at-a1-1wwchquy.png Table 2: Simulated B10/B11 ratios of graphite samples at A1 location of Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-4-core-layout-of-the-5-mwe-reactor-and-sampling-2ksqqcnx.png Figure 2: 1/4 core layout of the 5 MWe reactor and sampling locations. Source: KAERI. https://scispace.com/papers/using-the-errors-in-variables-method-in-two-group-pretest-4vhksl4u7r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relative-bias-in-percentages-for-n-50-when-5-ilp3zh9e.png Table 1 Relative Bias (in percentages) for N =50 when 𝜌𝑥𝑥= .5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relative-bias-in-percentages-for-n-50-when-8-1tq286oo.png Table 2 Relative Bias (in percentages) for N =50 when 𝜌𝑥𝑥= .8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-eivs-relative-bias-percentages-when-estimated-31aoeog4.png Table 3 EIV’s Relative Bias (percentages) when Estimated Reliability Differs from True Reliability when 𝜌𝑥𝑥= .5 (N = 50) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-amount-of-relative-bias-in-the-eiv-method-bias-has-31j0vino.png Figure 1: Amount of relative bias in the EIV method. Bias has been averaged across the population treatment effect size at each level of the correlation. The left figure displays the interaction of sample size and correlation between ability and group membership when 𝜌𝑥𝑥 = .5. The right figure displays the interaction of N and the correlation between group membership and ability when 𝜌𝑥𝑥 = .8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-four-power-plots-when-n-50-the-first-row-represents-9z6wkmg2.png Figure 2. Four power plots when N = 50. The first row represents a correlation of group membership and ability of 0 whereas the second row is .6. The first column represents 𝜌𝑥𝑥 = .5 and the second column is 𝜌𝑥𝑥 = .8. Note that although ANCOVA appears to demonstrate a power advantage in the figures in the second row, the power results should not be interpreted as such, because its Type I error rates are extremely liberal. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-type-i-error-rates-n-50-24gq7nym.png Table 4 Type I Error Rates (N = 50) https://scispace.com/papers/using-the-gravity-model-to-estimate-the-costs-of-protection-2x2xm713m6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-26i7bap0.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2fgrs5bm.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3buzjp8a.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/using-the-life-satisfaction-approach-to-value-daylight-2ldgxzzv8q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-summary-statistics-soep-spring-transition-1-week-3eyhjgwo.png Table A.1: Summary statistics, SOEP, spring transition. 1 week time window. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-robustness-to-potential-confounders-the-role-of-v24swedx.png Table 7: Robustness to potential confounders: the role of school holidays. SOEP only. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-5-robustness-pseudo-outcome-the-effect-of-the-2chuegcy.png Table A.5: Robustness - pseudo outcome: the effect of the beginning to DST on chronic illness. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-robustness-the-effect-of-pseudo-dsts-on-life-2w975w0d.png Table 8: Robustness: The effect of pseudo-DSTs on life-satisfaction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-uk-autumn-transition-2-week-time-st3lj8n6.png Table 3: Summary statistics, UK, autumn transition. 2 week time window. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-uk-spring-transition-2-week-time-1vklawgs.png Table 2: Summary statistics, UK, spring transition. 2 week time window. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-effect-of-the-beginning-to-dst-on-life-228ubqim.png Table 4: The effect of the beginning to DST on life-satisfaction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-4-the-effect-of-the-spring-dst-transition-on-life-3sx8epzb.png Table A.4: The effect of the spring DST transition on life-satisfaction, subgroup analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/using-time-oriented-data-abstraction-methods-to-optimize-20fnqocllt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-runtime-modules-of-asgaard-13zyrd5u.png Fig. 1. Runtime Modules of Asgaard. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-retrospective-analysis-of-controller-operation-using-3pxat76l.png Fig. 3. Retrospective analysis of controller operation using recorded data. The top graph shows the qualitative values abstracted from the median of the SpO2. The graph in the middle shows the state-spread and the qualitative values (state, displayed as horizontal bars) abstracted from it. Below we display the controller output (from top to bottom): The intended-adjustment: first decrease FiO2 (in black) multiple times until 1:20, then the target region is reached (green/light gray bars); the periods of wait mode following each adjustment (gray); two periods of check mode (red/dark gray); and a series of short periods during which the value of raw-data contradicts the intended-adjustment (line REGION) or the trend dissuades from decreasing FiO2 (line TREND), both in blue/black. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-combination-of-abstraction-methods-used-in-the-fio2-sknuu2ry.png Fig. 2. Combination of abstraction methods used in the FiO2 controller. The names of the instances of the abstraction methods are inside the boxes while their classes are given in italics on top of them. https://scispace.com/papers/using-the-script-mib-for-policy-based-configuration-223rhtr6vd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-different-levels-of-pdp-distribution-2iyst6i6.png Figure 3: Different levels of PDP distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-implementation-of-the-policy-runtime-engine-pcq3vfp3.png Figure 7: Implementation of the policy runtime engine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-two-different-approaches-to-policy-based-management-3nwpj51y.png Figure 4: Two different approaches to policy-based management with the Script MIB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-happynewyear-policy-object-2oyvxdz7.png Figure 8: HappyNewYear policy object. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-standard-script-mib-runtime-engine-is-executing-2jylqn0z.png Figure 5: The standard Script MIB runtime engine is executing policy ‘scripts’ that use policy-supporting language extensions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-architectures-of-the-ietf-policy-framework-and-of-31pnh0jk.png Figure 1: Architectures of the IETF policy framework and of distributed management by delegation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-class-diagram-of-a-the-policy-management-2ybhrmui.png Figure 6: Class diagram of (a) the policy management packagepolicyMgmt , (b) the DiffServ domain specific packagediffServ , and (c) the Linux tc specific driver jtc . A policy script (d)KeyDatePolicy makes use of these components. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-architecture-of-the-script-mib-based-configuration-2tliig9g.png Figure 2: Architecture of the Script MIB based configuration management system. https://scispace.com/papers/using-the-uk-general-offender-database-as-a-means-to-measure-vf0t445n41 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-criminal-history-measures-by-offender-group-uk-2vvqnv58.png Table 4: Criminal history measures by offender group (UK offenders only) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-inclusion-offences-proportion-of-offenders-26ov8vgb.png Table 3: Inclusion offences: proportion of offenders sanctioned for each type of offence, by group type https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-offender-group-by-socio-demographic-characteristics-1617firx.png Table 2: Offender group by socio-demographic characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparing-the-16-highest-police-force-areas-in-terms-1x5k14e7.png Table 1: Comparing the 16 highest police force areas in terms of OC prosecutions (2007- 2010) compared with their ranking of total recorded crime. https://scispace.com/papers/using-topic-modeling-via-non-negative-matrix-factorization-5gdg820nks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-word-clouds-for-six-topics-the-size-of-the-words-jtpchi4n.png Fig 2. Word clouds for six topics. The size of the words (phecode) in each cloud indicates the weights of the phenotypes on the topic. Phenotypes with larger-sized words have greater influence on the topic compared to phenotypes with smaller-sized words. For each word cloud, we listed the top 60 words. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-topic-distribution-in-the-cohort-to-visualize-the-28ggibm0.png Fig 3. Topic distribution in the cohort. To visualize the prevalence of each topic in the cohort, we assigned an individual to the topic with the maximum score. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-phewas-results-of-rs10455872-on-12759-individuals-1bul3p5f.png Fig 5. PheWAS results of rs10455872 on 12,759 individuals adjusted by sex and age. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-t-sne-plot-of-visualizing-the-patient-clusters-in-a-2fn47mic.png Fig 4. t-SNE plot of visualizing the patient clusters in a projected 2D metric map (The perplexity was set to 30). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-topic-modeling-on-ehrs-using-nmf-2b0u5d91.png Fig 1. Illustration of topic modeling on EHRs using NMF. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pearson-correlation-coefficient-testing-between-lpa-2liu1fr2.png Table 1. Pearson correlation coefficient testing between LPA variant for each topic. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-logistic-regression-analysis-between-lpa-variant-for-ieplwv2x.png Table 2. Logistic regression analysis between LPA variant for each topic. https://scispace.com/papers/using-uniform-design-methodology-of-turning-parameters-study-2aq17604o1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experiment-condition-plan-3kj8tf5q.png Table 3 Experiment condition plan https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-cutting-tool-wear-and-cutting-force-of-verification-2v8h5214.png Table 8 Cutting tool wear and cutting force of verification experiment https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-cutting-parameter-combinations-for-verification-155x0j2t.png Table 6 Cutting parameter combinations for verification experiment https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-verification-experiment-result-analysis-3fmykfmt.png Table 7 Verification experiment result analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-adjusted-anova-of-second-order-tool-flank-wear-34d5at5j.png Table 4 Adjusted ANOVA of second-order tool flank wear regression model https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-adjusted-individual-coefficient-analysis-sheet-of-zmi2672y.png Table 5 Adjusted individual coefficient analysis sheet of second-order tool flank wear regression model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-numbers-of-experiments-of-orthogonal-design-and-3b42ec5k.png Table 2. Numbers of experiments of orthogonal design and uniform design https://scispace.com/papers/using-voxels-in-the-simulation-of-manufacturing-processes-16cd9k72t1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computation-times-and-found-distances-for-several-1ohm9i78.png Table 1 Computation times and found distances for several optimization methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-hausdorff-distances-wp-workpiece-fdy7j9af.png Table 4 Hausdorff distances. (WP: Workpiece). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-hausdorff-distance-maps-31ggixg6.png Fig. 5. Hausdorff distance maps https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-parameters-unitless-parameters-are-qlzs3dyd.png Table 2 Experimental parameters. Unitless parameters are machine index values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spherical-feature-obtained-by-simulation-left-and-h4crbk2l.png Fig. 4. Spherical feature obtained by simulation (left) and detail of the craters (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tool-and-features-obtained-after-machining-1k30i7ru.png Fig. 3. Tool and features obtained after machining. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-simulation-parameters-32awxnso.png Table 3 Simulation parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-meshed-models-of-the-tools-and-their-voxelized-2nnym3mg.png Fig. 2. Meshed models of the tools and their voxelized counterparts at a resolution of 0.5 voxel per micron. https://scispace.com/papers/using-voice-and-biofeedback-to-predict-user-engagement-57km9fsde0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-descriptive-statistics-of-the-reported-engagement-10ytrhwz.png Table 5: Descriptive statistics of the reported engagement. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-comparison-of-the-performance-for-all-the-algorithms-1uq5215l.png Table 8: Comparison of the performance for all the algorithms, considering their best configurations for the different feature combinations (Feature column). In bold, we report the best performance for each algorithm considering F1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-performance-of-the-best-classifiers-according-to-f1-cecrq76y.png Table 9: Performance of the best classifiers, according to F1, using combined features with respect to majority class baseline classifiers. Improvement over the baseline is also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-performance-of-the-best-classifiers-based-on-f1-smcj3v6j.png Table 6: Performance of the best classifiers based on F1, using EDA, BVP, and HR features with respect to majority class baseline classifier. Improvement over the baseline is also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-machine-learning-features-grouped-by-physiological-2wnrzl5l.png Table 2: Machine learning features grouped by physiological and voice signal. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-performance-of-the-best-classifiers-according-to-f1-dbio2v81.png Table 7: Performance of the best classifiers, according to F1, using voice features, and without imputation, with respect to majority class baseline classifier. Improvement over the baseline is also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-label-distribution-in-the-gold-standard-for-voice-1llnv8lh.png Table 4: Label distribution in the gold standard for voice feature vectors and combined feature vectors without imputation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-label-distribution-in-the-gold-standard-for-3u0ws345.png Table 3: Label distribution in the gold standard for biofeedback feature vectors and for experiments using imputation. https://scispace.com/papers/using-xfuzzy-environment-for-the-whole-design-of-fuzzy-3mz8c0xhjs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-main-window-of-the-tool-xfvhdl-2uskj26l.png Figure 10. Main window of the tool xfvhdl. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-image-processing-applications-a-description-of-the-2mmbrt4r.png Figure 11. Image processing applications: (a) Description of the system. (b) Simulation. (c) Experimental results with a FPGA-based implementation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-system-with-fuzzy-and-crisp-modules-3jrpjq29.png Figure 3. A system with fuzzy and crisp modules. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-robotic-applications-a-description-of-the-system-b-2p1ggzcw.png Figure 12. Robotic applications: (a) Description of the system. (b) Simulation. (c) Experimental results with a PC-based implementation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-linguistic-variable-and-its-membership-functions-ckqtpjt7.png Figure 1. A linguistic variable and its membership functions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-family-of-membership-functions-lwedkg24.png Figure 2. A family of membership functions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-using-xfpkg-to-define-a-crisp-module-3c6907u5.png Figure 4. Using xfpkg to define a crisp module. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-graphical-user-interface-of-the-tool-xfplot-1tfuh2wq.png Figure 5. Graphical user interface of the tool xfplot. https://scispace.com/papers/usual-and-unusual-pitfalls-of-18f-fdg-pet-ct-in-lymphoma-hq7stvd4t9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-1zv12gto.png Fig. 13 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2nj8dywn.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-aoe0gogp.png Fig. 12 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dtpadrfi.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-34bzv23m.png Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-2g7ijcnj.png Fig. 14 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-12th6tcz.png Fig. 8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-wjbw9s8i.png Fig. 7 https://scispace.com/papers/utilisation-of-fast-fourier-transform-and-least-squares-pctcbkpqo5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-location-and-boundary-of-khartoum-state-in-green-1hwnyx2c.png Figure 3: Location and boundary of Khartoum State (in green), GPS-levelling points and the surrounding states, 1) Northern, 2) Nile River, 3) Kassala, 4) Gadaref, 5) Gezira, 6) White Nile, 7) Northern Kordofan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-geoid-components-computed-from-fft-left-panel-and-zy7us5ty.png Figure 4: Geoid components computed from FFT (left panel) and LSM (right panel). Unit: 1m https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistics-of-the-undulation-differences-between-the-us41enbi.png Table 2: Statistics of the undulation differences between the GPS-levelling data, FFT and LSM. Unit:1m https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-of-the-undulation-differences-between-2y6t7fio.png Table 1: Statistics of the undulation differences between EGM08, FFT and LSM. Unit:1 m https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-correlation-between-the-gravimetric-solutions-26x1lw17.png Figure 7: Correlation between the gravimetric solutions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-local-gravity-data-for-sudan-and-south-sudan-inset-284zaxmf.png Figure 1: Local gravity data for Sudan and South Sudan. Inset focuses on the distribution of gravity stations in Khartoum State area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-additive-corrections-for-lsm-the-gravity-37i1j86k.png Figure 6: The additive corrections for LSM, the gravity reduction and the indirect effect of the topography on the geoid over Khartoum State https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-undulation-differences-between-egm08-model-to-1chhr1wl.png Figure 5: Undulation differences between EGM08 model to degree 360 and geoid solutions. a) FFT, b) LSM. Unit: 1m https://scispace.com/papers/utility-based-decision-making-for-migrating-cloud-based-491nnvjs0x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-utility-calculation-and-trend-example-3dv2cw4z.png Fig. 3. Utility calculation and trend example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-wikimedia-foundation-revenue-january-2016-1pyg2qhh.png Fig. 7. Wikimedia Foundation Revenue—January 2016. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scarm-systematic-cloud-based-application-re-2jarj26o.png Fig. 4. SCARM: Systematic Cloud-based Application (Re)Distribution Method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-wikipedia-workload-analysis-january-2016-1b6ykmhh.png Fig. 6. Wikipedia workload analysis January 2016. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-experimental-results-utility-analysis-comparison-2cq2tvlj.png Fig. 9. Experimental Results - Utility Analysis & Comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evaluation-setup-viable-distributions-t-m-of-the-egf7mrs9.png Table 1. Evaluation Setup—Viable Distributions (T μ ) of the MediaWiki Application https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-topology-model-web-shop-example-15cub8t6.png Fig. 1. Topology model—Web shop example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-experiment-results-for-the-t-m-i-alternative-22z1yoam.png Fig. 8. Experiment Results for the T μ i Alternative Distributions. https://scispace.com/papers/utility-of-sars-cov-2-infection-models-using-in-vitro-and-in-3c5giky8uo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-immunization-with-infectious-or-uv-inactivated-sars-2jpx9q1m.png Figure 6. Immunization with infectious or UV-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 protects against virus infection. A) Timeline of mice immunization, lentivirus transduction and SARS-CoV-2 infection. B) Reciprocal 50% neutralization titers of naïve mice and infectious or UV SARS-CoV-2 immunized mice. Horizontal dotted line represents the limit of detection (1 in 10). Statistics are by Kolmogorov Smirnov test. C) RT-qPCR of mice lung RNA using primers for hACE2 introduced by lentivirus transduction normalized to mRPL13a levels. Data is individual mice and is expressed as RNA copy number calculated against a standard curve for each gene. Horizontal line indicates cut-off for reliable detection, with all hACE2-negative mice falling below this line. Statistics are by Kolmogorov Smirnov test. D) RT-qPCR of mice lung RNA using primers for SARS-CoV-2 E gene normalized to mRPL13a levels. Data is individual mice and is expressed as RNA copy number calculated against a standard curve for each gene. Statistics are by Kolmogorov Smirnov test. Unvaccinated versus UV-inactive CoV-2 vaccinated reaches significance by Kruskal-Wallis test (p=0.034). E) Titer of SARS-CoV-2 in mice lung determined using CCID50 assay of lung homogenate. Horizontal line indicates the limit of detection of 1.57 log10 CCID50/g. Statistics are by Kolmogorov Smirnov test. Unvaccinated versus UV-inactive CoV-2 vaccinated reaches https://scispace.com/papers/utility-optimal-random-access-without-message-passing-8qw66pnqk1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-between-algorithm-1-and-802-11-dcf-when-n-s67jvp7v.png Fig. 5. Comparison between Algorithm 1 and 802.11 DCF when N = 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-between-algorithm-1-in-9-i-e-the-algorithm-pr72dw1j.png Fig. 4. Comparison between Algorithm 1 in [9] (i.e., the algorithm with explicit message passing) and our proposed Algorithm 1 (i.e., the algorithm without explicit message passing) in term of the signalling overhead when the number of users varies from 10 to 50. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-trend-of-the-adjusted-transmission-probabilities-when-1ogcgtzl.png Fig. 3. Trend of the adjusted transmission probabilities when Algorithm 1 is being used, the number of users N = 10, and we have: α = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulation-results-for-algorithm-1-when-a-0-6-the-322tshy1.png Fig. 2. Simulation results for Algorithm 1 when α = 0.6. The number of users and the features of the communication channel change after t = 10s. The optimal transmission probabilities before t = 10s (i.e., dashed lines) and after t = 10s (i.e., dotted lines) are obtained using [9, Algorithm 1]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-single-hop-wireless-ad-hoc-network-with-n-3-users-2ulfc83z.png Fig. 1. A single-hop wireless ad-hoc network with N = 3 users. Each user includes a wireless link and its dedicated transmitter and receiver nodes. https://scispace.com/papers/utility-theory-front-to-back-inferring-utility-from-agents-1cgg6eb03d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-graphs-for-example-4-11-top-panes-the-investment-3pawqb1s.png Figure 4: Graphs for Example 4.11. Top panes: The investment strategy π(w) = w(1−w)∨ 0 (left) and the corresponding optimal consumption c(w) (right) for parameters: r = 0.5, θ = 0.7, σ = 0.25, β = 0.1. Bottom panes: The absolute risk aversion ρ(1, c) (left) inferred from these actions and a compatible utility function u(1, c) (right) which is constant on [r,∞). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-graphs-for-example-4-12-top-panes-the-investment-1cj7gu61.png Figure 5: Graphs for Example 4.12. Top panes: The investment strategy π(w) = (1 − e−w) (left) and the corresponding optimal consumption c(w) (right) for parameters: r = 0, θ = 0.25, σ = 0.5, β = 0.3. Bottom panes: The absolute risk aversion ρ(t, c) = ρ(c) (left) inferred from these actions and a compatible utility function u(0.1, c) (right) which is constant on [β,∞). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graphs-for-example-4-6-when-pww-0-top-panes-the-3a902k18.png Figure 2: Graphs for Example 4.6 when πww < 0. Top panes: The investment strategy π(w) (left) and the corresponding optimal consumption c(w) (right) for parameters: r = 0.05, θ = 0.13, σ = 0.25, β = 10, p = 1/5, φ = 0.5 and ψ = 60. Bottom panes: The absolute risk aversion ρ(t, c) = ρ(c) (left) inferred from these actions and a compatible utility function u(0.1, c) (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graphs-for-example-4-6-when-pww-0-top-panes-the-7j1dt0s4.png Figure 1: Graphs for Example 4.6 when πww > 0. Top panes: The investment strategy π(w) (left) and the corresponding optimal consumption c(w) (right) for parameters: r = 0.3, θ = 0.026, σ = 0.25, β = 10, p = 1/30, φ = 2.1 and ψ = −60. Bottom panes: The absolute risk aversion ρ(t, c) = ρ(c) (left) inferred from these actions and a compatible utility function u(0.1, c) (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-graphs-for-example-4-7-top-panes-the-investment-2za67bzl.png Figure 3: Graphs for Example 4.7. Top panes: The investment strategy π(w) (left) in (72) and the corresponding optimal consumption c(w) (right) in (73) for parameters: κ = 0.4, σ = 0.25, r = 0.6, α = 0.1, a = 1.25, θ = 0.95. Bottom panes: The absolute risk aversion ρ(t, c) = ρ(c) (left) inferred from these actions and a compatible utility function u(0.1, c) (right). https://scispace.com/papers/utilization-of-bio-syngas-in-solid-oxide-fuel-cell-stacks-47uloveq2g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-voltage-values-at-0-25-a-cm2-during-i-v-2ricto2c.png Table II. Voltage values at 0.25 A/cm2 during I-V characterization for each cell with different test states. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-photo-of-cells-with-frame-a-and-interconnect-b-ia6ctj7v.png Figure 3. The photo of cells with frame (a) and interconnect (b) after stack disassembly, and optical microscope of contacting Ni mesh (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sem-images-of-contacting-ni-mesh-on-the-2ofcj86m.png Figure 6. SEM images of contacting Ni mesh on the interconnect with low (upper images) and high (bottom images) magnification, the clean Ni mess image of (a) was achieved from the area 4 and carbon covered mesh images of (b) and (c) were achieved from area 5 in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-carbon-distribution-mapping-result-of-fractured-3vk8v1qf.png Figure 7. Carbon distribution mapping result of fractured cell cross section by Raman spectroscopy (a), SEM images of fractured cell cross section (b), and Raman shift result of carbon from cell surface and contacting Ni mesh (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cross-sectional-sem-image-of-reduced-cell-structure-3swuuh9d.png Figure 1. Cross sectional SEM image of reduced cell structure and schematic diagram of stack structure with fuel flow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stack-test-result-with-cleaned-syngas-tar-sulfur-1pgvmtlg.png Figure 2. Stack test result with cleaned syngas (tar, sulfur, and chlorine removed) and tar-syngas (sulfur and chlorine removed) at 715◦C. Note: the voltage curves of cell 2 to 4 (yellow, green, and blue) overlap completely. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-surface-sem-images-of-anode-support-with-low-upper-knsbyp79.png Figure 4. Surface SEM images of anode support with low (upper images) and high (below images) magnification from different positions, the figure labels (a), (b), and (c) are correspond with the area of 1, 2, and 3 in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-polished-cross-sectional-sem-images-and-edx-element-3gtmwo98.png Figure 5. Polished cross sectional SEM images and EDX element mapping results of the cell supports, the figure labels (a), (b), and (c) are correspond with the area of 1, 2, and 3 in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/papers/utilization-of-a-mobile-manipulator-for-automating-the-3o0qhs4kka 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-the-viable-cell-density-and-viability-1cpsc1il.png Figure 8: Comparison of the Viable Cell Density and Viability from three different samples of Cell line 1. Each bar represents the average and the standard deviation of eight measurements with the same cell sample. Furthermore the measurements are split into three sections: measured by the robot (Robot), measured manually out of the original cell source at almost the same time (Hand) and measured manually out of the 10 ml vial, that the robot had just used (Hand(Vial)). The results show slightly lower viable cell density and viability values when measured by the robot. This may be a result of the increased stress and higher number of syringe strokes at the sample preparation station compared to manual pipetting, which may have an impact on this cell line in particular. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-implemented-sample-management-process-as-an-uml-6722jypm.png Figure 7: The implemented sample management process as an UML sequence diagram. The boxes on the top represent the devices, which the robot needs to operate. The two different kind of arrows symbolise commands, which are triggered by the robot and actions which the robot carries out itself. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-the-viable-cell-density-and-viability-3og099xk.png Figure 9: Comparison of the Viable Cell Density and Viability from three different samples of Cell line 2. Each bar represents the average and the standard deviation of eight measurements with the same cell sample. Furthermore the measurements are split into three sections: measured by the robot (Robot), measured manually out of the original cell source at almost the same time (Hand) and measured manually out of the 10 ml vial, that the robot had just used (Hand(Vial)). The results show no significant difference between the robot's measurements and the manual measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-automatically-generated-map-of-the-department-15uglqm8.png Figure 10: The automatically generated map of the Department of Informatics: Robotics & Embedded Systems at the Technische UniversiUit Miinchen. https://scispace.com/papers/utilization-of-mineral-wool-waste-and-waste-glass-for-4ckncqx2gu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-building-simulation-model-32efj170.png Fig. 9. The building simulation model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-chemical-compositions-wt-of-raw-materials-p6xvjp3x.png Table 1. The chemical compositions (wt.%) of raw materials. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-raw-materials-compositions-wt-of-samples-3vb5ndvw.png Table 2．Raw materials compositions(wt.%) of samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-chemical-compositions-wt-of-samples-18h83evp.png Table 3． Chemical compositions(wt.%) of samples. https://scispace.com/papers/utilization-of-novel-self-nanoemulsifying-formulations-snefs-136uxgxu1o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-chemosensitivity-of-paclitaxel-loaded-snefs-on-200y6fhw.png Table 7 The chemosensitivity of Paclitaxel-loaded SNEFs on MCF7 monolayer cells 519 after exposure to 1 or 96 hours. 520 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-visual-assessment-of-dispersions-formed-by-selected-1vpz6ips.png Table 4: Visual assessment of dispersions formed by selected formulation systems under 444 self-emulsification conditions in cell culture medium or normal saline. 445 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-visual-assessment-of-dispersions-formed-by-selected-2tyhl2b7.png Table 5 Visual assessment of dispersions formed by selected formulation systems under 448 self-emulsification conditions in 0.9% NaCl at different pH. 449 450 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-visual-assessment-of-dispersions-formed-by-different-1tbsbg6j.png Table 2: Visual assessment of dispersions formed by different formulation systems 404 under self-emulsification conditions (NA denotes “not available”) 405 406 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-lipid-excipients-and-their-23cv6nji.png Table 1: Description of the lipid excipients and their chemical compositions based on 187 their suppliers, functional group, or their role in the formulation 188 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-droplet-size-distribution-of-different-snefs-within-1pjw2f45.png Table 3: Droplet size distribution of different SNEFs within lipid-based formulations. 422 Data are presented as mean only (n=3, SD ˂ 2%) 423 424 https://scispace.com/papers/utilization-of-palm-oil-mill-effluent-for-4125rpnsm1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-response-optimizer-for-best-factor-response-analysis-2oro1rvc.png Fig. 4 Response optimizer for best factor-response analysis for PHA production and nutrient removal (COD chemical oxygen demand, AFR air flow rate, CL cycle length, SFR substrate feeding rate, TOC total organic carbon) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-residual-model-diagnostic-for-pha-in-four-variables-2jd8j7qn.png Fig. 2 Residual model diagnostic for %PHA in four variables (COD:N:P, AFR, CL, and SFR). a Normal plot, b I-Chart, c histogram, d residuals versus fits https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-runs-conducted-in-dynamic-aerobic-study-245omtwe.png Table 1 Experimental runs conducted in dynamic aerobic study with actual and coded levels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pareto-chart-for-pha-production-total-organic-carbon-r1tkoq0m.png Fig. 5 Pareto chart for PHA production, total organic carbon, and nutrient removal at different variables (a 0.1, COD chemical oxygen demand, AFL air flow rate, CL cycle length, SFR substrate feeding rate). Line of significance is depicted as dotted line and determined by MINITABTM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-response-surface-plot-showing-variation-in-predicted-3o18a3r6.png Fig. 3 Response surface plot showing variation in predicted PHA production, organic and nutrient removal of POME as a function of COD:N:P and AFR for incubation 9 h (CL and SFR were fixed at 18 h and 20 mL/min, respectively) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-residual-diagnostics-of-response-model-for-pha-a-2sz0z806.png Fig. 1 Residual diagnostics of response model for %PHA. a Histogram, b deleted residuals versus fitted values, c deleted residuals versus observation order, d normal probability https://scispace.com/papers/utilization-of-orange-peel-a-food-industrial-waste-in-the-20dhpu8gyr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-spore-concentration-on-pg-activity-and-2vmsftab.png Table 3 Effect of spore concentration on PG activity and morphology in shake flask cultures (250 mL flasks with 50 mL working volume) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-flask-photographs-showing-the-effect-of-spore-2tbgrhyd.png Fig. 2 Flask photographs showing the effect of spore concentration on morphology after 96 h. a, b, and c OP-AS medium; d, e, and f M2 medium; a, d 4 9 105 spores/mL; b, e 4 9 104 spores/mL; c, f 2.8 9 103 spores/mL https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-appearance-of-fungal-pellets-and-free-mycelia-under-1ut4p4dc.png Fig. 4 Appearance of fungal pellets and free mycelia under microscope after 96 h in the 5-L bioreactor inoculated with 2.8 9 103 spores/mL https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-inoculum-size-on-pg-production-in-op-as-1r9r3jgs.png Fig. 3 Effect of inoculum size on PG production in OP-AS medium in the 5-L bioreactor. a Exo-PG activity, b pH (circles) and dissolved O2 (triangles). Closed marks 4 9 10 5 spores/mL, open marks 2.8 9 103 spores/mL https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fccc-experimental-design-and-the-results-of-the-3r8ueenf.png Table 1 FCCC experimental design and the results of the first (a) and second (b) optimization study (coded levels are given in parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-activity-squares-and-carbohydrate-utilization-1wrdi8uk.png Fig. 5 a Activity (squares) and carbohydrate utilization (triangles), and b pH (circles) and dO2 (rhombs) profiles of 4 L (closed marks) and 18 L (empty marks) batch cultures inoculated with seed culture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3d-model-graph-showing-the-interaction-effects-of-a-as-1otlfnld.png Fig. 1 3D model graph showing the interaction effects of a AS and OP in the presence of 60 g/L maltrin b of AS and maltrin on exo-PG activity in the first and second optimization studies, respectively https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-feeding-profiles-of-fed-batch-cultures-w1doda0u.png Table 4 Feeding profiles of fed-batch cultures https://scispace.com/papers/utilization-of-r-d-results-in-the-home-and-foreign-plants-of-3b1lg6b96p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ols-regression-results-home-plants-equation-3h-2cnospb1.png TABLE 2. OLS-REGRESSION RESULTS. HOME PLANTS (EQUATION 3H) DEPENDENT V ARlABLE: ANNUAL GROWTH RATE IN OUTPUT https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ols-regression-results-foreign-plants-equation-3f-3iu46j8j.png TABLE 3. OLS-REGRESSION RESULTS. FOREIGN PLANTS (EQUATION 3F) DEPENDENT VARIABLE: ANNUAL GROWTH RA TE IN OUTPUT https://scispace.com/papers/utilization-of-stimulated-raman-excitation-and-coherent-anti-lx773crzqo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scheme-of-the-experiment-for-the-photodissociation-of-21xh6tpt.png Fig. 1. Scheme of the experiment for the photodissociation of the 303 rotational state of H20 (1,0,0). 3654.6 cm-1 corresponds to the excitation of the 303 rotational level of the ground vibrational state of Hz0 molecules to the (1,0,0) state via SRE. The vibrationally excited state of the water molecule is subsequently photodissociated using 193 nm photons and the OH products are detected by LIF. https://scispace.com/papers/utilizing-curriculum-renewal-as-a-way-of-leading-cultural-201j3ovnnt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-1-993b9kgu.png Figure 8.1 https://scispace.com/papers/utilizing-ssr-indications-for-improved-video-communication-rzbyhyncr7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-description-of-the-cross-layer-system-1h194d91.png Figure 1 Description of the Cross-layer System https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-improvement-in-cross-layer-performance-error-12ugu2w7.png Table 1 Improvement in Cross-layer Performance: Error Recovery and Video Quality https://scispace.com/papers/utilizing-the-assassin-bug-pristhesancus-plagipennis-2ukod1snym 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-mean-treatment-lint-yield-bales-per-hectare-for-the-3j84xq3a.png Table 6. Mean treatment lint yield (bales per hectare) for the 2002/03 and 2003/04 experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-series-showing-numbers-perm-row-of-pristhesancus-2h8e4f1m.png Fig. 3. Time series showing numbers perm row of Pristhesancus plagipennis nymphs sampled from all treatments for the 2003/04 experiment. The bars denote se. —m—, P. plagipennis Only; —n—, P. plagipennis & Soft Insecticides. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-repeated-measures-analysis-predicted-treatment-2ejlpnqi.png Table 5. The repeated measures analysis predicted treatment means for Creontiades spp., Chrysodexis spp. and large Helicoverpa larvae densities per metre crop row for the 2002/03 experiment duration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-series-showing-mean-numbers-per-m-row-of-14e4ezmo.png Fig. 2. Time series showing mean numbers per m row of Creontiades spp. sampled from all treatments for the 2002/03 experiment. The bars denote se. —m—, P. plagipennis Only; —+—, Untreated Control; —n—, P. plagipennis & Soft https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-repeated-measures-analysis-predicted-treatment-3am8yl5z.png Table 7. The repeated measures analysis predicted treatment means for large and total Helicoverpa larvae densities per metre crop row for the 2003/04 experiment duration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-series-showing-the-mean-numbers-perm-row-of-all-saw9ahdu.png Fig. 4. Time series showing the mean numbers perm row of all Helicoverpa spp. larval instars sampled from all treatments for the 2003/04 experiment. The bars denote se. —m—, P. plagipennis Only; —+—, Untreated Control; —n—, P. plagi- https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-active-ingredient-ai-formulation-and-recommended-2gk3ceiq.png Table 1. Active ingredient (AI), formulation and recommended application rates of insecticides compared for their activity against P plagipennis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-insecticides-applied-to-the-conventionally-2thovamj.png Table 2. The insecticides applied to the conventionally sprayed (CS), soft insecticide only (SI) and soft insecticide with Pristhesancus plagipennis (SI & Pp) treatments during the 2002/03 and 2003/04 experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/utilizing-trait-networks-and-structural-equation-models-as-5eui1qj7ue 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-structural-coefficients-estimates-derived-from-the-1ewh30lj.png Table 3 Structural coefficients ( ) estimates derived from the structural equation models https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pictorial-representation-of-trait-network-and-snp-2lqd7tv8.png Fig. 2 Pictorial representation of trait network and SNP effects ( ̂s ) using the structural equation model for four traits. Unidirectional arrows indicate the direction of effects and bidirectional arrows represent genetic correlations (g) among phenotypes. PSA: Projected shoot area; RB: root biomass; WU: water use; WUE: water use efficiency; ǫ : residual https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-candidate-genes-for-water-use-efficiency-wue-gdqnxnff.png Table 4 Candidate genes for water use efficiency (WUE) identified through SEM-GWAS https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-candidate-genes-for-water-use-wu-identified-through-vu6ip15p.png Table 5 Candidate genes for water use (WU) identified through SEM-GWAS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-manhattan-plots-total-direct-snp-effects-on-projected-2elxrpxd.png Fig. 3 Manhattan plots (total/direct) SNP effects on projected shoot area (PSA) and root biomass (RB) using SEM-GWAS based on the network learned by the hill climbing algorithm. Each point represents a SNP and the height of the SNP represents the extent of its association with PSA and RB https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-manhattan-plot-of-direct-affecting-each-trait-without-36kqtb1x.png Fig. 4 Manhattan plot of direct (affecting each trait without any mediation), indirect (mediated by other phenotypes), and total (sum of all direct and indirect) SNP effects on water use (WU) using SEM-GWAS based on the network learned by the hill climbing algorithm. Each point represents a SNP and the height of the SNP represents the extent of its association with WU https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-manhattan-plot-of-direct-affecting-each-trait-without-1pm3kp6o.png Fig. 5 Manhattan plot of direct (affecting each trait without any mediation), indirect (mediated by other phenotypes), and total (sum of all direct and indirect) SNP effects on water use efficiency (WUE) using SEM-GWAS based on the network learned by the hill climbing algorithm. Each point represents a SNP and the height of the SNP represents the extent of its association with WUE https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-genomic-upper-triangular-residual-lower-triangular-3mnyx6y0.png Table 1 Genomic (upper triangular), residual (lower triangular) correlations and genomic heritabilities (diagonals) of  four traits in  the  rice with  posterior standard deviations in parentheses https://scispace.com/papers/utterance-intonation-imaging-using-the-cepstral-analysis-1lelytsx2u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-potentially-useful-coefficients-for-f0-tracking-ofall6gp.png Fig. 6. Potentially useful coefficients for F0 tracking https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-application-screenshot-the-parameters-of-an-3vt2q981.png Fig. 7. The application screenshot. The parameters of an algorithm: Hamming window, frame length – 46 ms, overlap – 100%. The input signal: „aaaaa bbbbb ccccc” said by two men https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-oscillogram-of-the-vowel-a-top-and-the-consonant-s-bsf5qsjg.png Fig. 1. Oscillogram of the vowel 'a' (top) and the consonant 's' (bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cepstrums-of-the-frames-t1-t2-t3-of-the-source-signal-4d0f5sf0.png Fig. 4. Cepstrums of the frames t1, t2, t3 of the source signal. The X-axis is the time from the range (0.23)ms. (23.46)ms range is a mirror reflection due to the Fourier property and thus it is not depicted in the graph https://scispace.com/papers/utp-by-example-designs-5bvd7r5khy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-complete-lattice-of-fixed-points-1g24lh85.png Fig. 4. Complete Lattice of Fixed Points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fixed-points-of-f-s-s-0-2nyklfd0.png Fig. 3. Fixed points of f (s) = s ∪ {0}. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-lattice-0-1-2-3dp25q2f.png Fig. 1. The lattice ({0, 1, 2},⊆). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-lattice-0-8-divides-1yih1c0m.png Fig. 2. The lattice (0 . . 8, divides). https://scispace.com/papers/uv-assisted-low-temperature-oxide-dielectric-films-for-tft-8fthnom9el 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1lpp5zzu.png Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2j4uychi.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/uv-irradiation-influence-on-the-structural-and-optical-4xl4eoj1yc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lattice-parameter-a-interplanar-distance-d-texture-3bd9c26t.png Table 2 Lattice parameter (a), interplanar distance (d) , texture coefficient (TC) and relative intensity calculated for cadmium oxide before and after UV treatment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-the-uv-treatment-on-the-optical-2hw1rwbq.png Fig. 6 Effect of the UV treatment on the optical transmittance for CdO thin films (a) transmittance of both untreated and UV irradiated samples (b) – bandgap calculus https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-xps-of-cd-in-cdo-thin-film-a-before-uv-treatment-cdo1-1e4d2vxe.png Fig. 4 XPS of Cd in CdO thin film (a) –before UV treatment CdO1-x, x = 0.7 (b) – after UV treatment, CdO1-x https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-xps-of-o-in-cdo-thin-film-a-before-uv-treatment-b-2gopl4fc.png Fig. 5 XPS of O in CdO thin film (a) –before UV treatment (b) – after UV treatment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-nelson-riley-plots-of-the-lattice-parameter-for-1ur93567.png Fig. 2. Nelson-Riley plots of the lattice parameter for typically studied CdO samples https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-afm-micrographs-3x3-um-for-cdo-thin-films-a-before-uv-34ghbbow.png Fig. 3 AFM micrographs (3x3 µm) for CdO thin films: (a) - before UV treatment (Rrms=43.93 nm); (b) - after UV treatment (Rrms=50.49 nm) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-the-diffraction-angles-and-planes-for-3oxyva7k.png Table 1 Values of the diffraction angles and planes for cadmium oxide before and after UV treatment 2θ(hkl) - X-ray peak corresponding to (hkl) diffraction plane https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xrd-for-cdo-thin-film-a-before-uv-treatment-b-after-uv-3vz9f0q4.png Fig. 1. XRD for CdO thin film (a) –before UV treatment (b) – after UV treatment https://scispace.com/papers/uv-bright-nearby-early-type-galaxies-observed-in-the-mid-plqo62so6u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distributions-of-nuv-r-and-nuv-3-4-colors-at-the-cawfx7id.png Figure 3. Distributions of NUV − r and NUV − [3.4] colors at the inner (Rin, R within 50% flux, white) and outer (Rout, R between 50%–90% flux, gray) radii. The hatches in the top panels accent a subpopulation of highly elliptical galaxies (b/a < 0.6); the bottom highlight S0 galaxies. There is a distinct color separation between the inner and outer colors, agreeing with the trend seen in Figure 2. This separation occurs at NUV − [3.4] 6, which is a strong color cut for galaxies with low BHB fraction and 1–1.5Z (see Section 3 and the Appendix; Figure 13). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-color-as-a-function-of-fractional-r-band-radii-nuv-3apxokk9.png Figure 2. Color as a function of fractional r-band radii: NUV − r (left) and NUV − [3.4] (right). The fractional radius is taken at R/R90, where R90 is the radius at 90% of the total flux in the r-band. There is a distinct trend toward bluer colors outward of the half-light radius. The gray shading is the estimated error. Table 2 lists NUV − [3.4] and NUV − r values at 0.3 and 0.7 R/R90. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-nuv-3-4-inner-gray-pentagons-and-outer-stars-region-1qe9id76.png Figure 9. NUV − [3.4] inner (gray pentagons) and outer (stars) region colors as a function of star formation rate (left) and stellar mass (right). The black circles and dotted line show the binned averages of the total flux NUV− [3.4] colors for SFR and M∗ (ΔSFR = 0.05M yr−1 and Δ log(M∗/M ) = 0.2). As expected, the ETGs are quiescent, and there appears to be no correlation between the UV–mid-IR color and SFR. The average error for NUV − [3.4] is 0.07 mag. The symbols are larger than the photometric errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-fsps-csp-templates-depicting-the-evolution-of-fuv-rjx9vro3.png Figure 12. FSPS CSP templates depicting the evolution of FUV − NUV vs. NUV − r color-space from ages 0.03–14.1 Gyr. See Figure 10 for a full description. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-we-show-the-stacked-distributions-of-d-nuv-3-4-1l5b9quq.png Figure 8. We show the stacked distributions of Δ(NUV − [3.4]) determined by imposing different BHB fractions at the inner and outer radii as labeled. For example, the dark gray labeled 0/0.25 refers to the color at fBHB = 0 and 0.25 for Rin and Rout, respectively. The models with higher BHB fraction in the outer radii are more likely to have a 1 mag color difference (light blue, dark gray, and light gray). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-estimated-ages-in-gyr-for-rin-and-rout-considering-2j64jo0a.png Figure 6. Estimated ages in Gyr for Rin and Rout considering the different CSP parameter combinations, assuming homogeneity of the stellar populations in the inner and outer regions. The ages are combined weighted averages for the inner and outer regions for the 49 ETGs in our sample (one symbol is the average for all ETGs). The different triangles, diamonds, and squares represent fBHB = 0, 0.25, and 0.5, respectively. The black, blue, and magenta colors are τ = 0.2, 0.6, and 1, respectively. Symbols on double circles and double diamonds have Z = 0.25 and 1Z , respectively, while all other symbols have Z = 1.5Z . The dotted lines trace metallicities along a fixed fBHB and τ with metallicity. The shaded region highlights the equal age line within the average error. The average error is illustrated by the error bars in the upper left corner. We include equal age ±1 Gyr dashed lines for gauging the age differences. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-we-plot-the-estimated-age-ratios-for-each-2vczt8a7.png Figure 7. We plot the estimated age ratios for each metallicity combination between the inner and outer regions of the ETGs. The solid line is the fit of the ETG sample (diamonds). The error bars show the range of ages for the different BHB, τ combinations. The horizontal gray area shades the equal age line within a 10% margin. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-fsps-csp-templates-depicting-the-evolution-of-nuv-1w11y46a.png Figure 11. FSPS CSP templates depicting the evolution of NUV − g vs. g − i color-space from ages 0.03–14.1 Gyr. See Figure 10 for a full description. https://scispace.com/papers/uv-photofragmentation-dynamics-of-acetaldehyde-cations-1m2teqzpxx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-ch3cho-electronic-states-and-ejected-yxsx9c6p.png Table 1 Summary of CH3CHO+ electronic states and ejected electron characters. Experimental vertical ionization energies (IE) are taken from the photoelectron spectroscopy work of Yencha et al.31 and calculated values are at the EOM-CC(2,3)/ccpVTZ level. Threshold wavelengths for excitation are relative to the ground state of the ion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dissociation-energies-d0-appearance-energies-ae-and-3ejsxk06.png Table 2 Dissociation energies (D0), appearance energies (AE), and threshold wavelengths (λth) for various fragment ions.32 D0 values are calculated from 0 K thermodynamic data obtained from the Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT).47 Uncertainties are < 8 meV. Appearance energies, AE and ΔAE, are from Jochims et al.32 Also shown in parentheses are ΔD0 and ΔAE, the dissociation and appearance energies relative to the zero-point level of CH3CHO+. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-one-color-and-two-color-time-of-flight-mass-spectra-1auo75ev.png Figure 2. One-color and two-color time-of-flight mass spectra of CH3CHO: (black) 308 nm UV photolysis pulse only; (red) 118.2 nm VUV ionization pulse only; (blue) both VUV + UV pulses. The time delay between the VUV and UV pulses was ~120 ns. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-energy-diagram-for-acetaldehyde-cation-369vt1oe.png Figure 1 Schematic energy diagram for acetaldehyde cation photolysis. The shaded blue regions represent the photolysis wavelengths used for photofragment ion yield spectra (390–210 nm) and for ion images (316–228 nm). Excited state vertical excitation energies (dashed) are from EOM-CC(2,3)/cc-pVTZ calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-c2h3o-eint-distributions-at-316-nm-276-nm-and-236-1og4m4yo.png Figure 6 C2H3O+ EINT distributions at 316 nm, 276 nm, and 236 nm. Vertical lines are the energetic thresholds for formation of CH3CO+ isomers 1-hydroxyvinylium (dashed black) and vinoxyium (solid gray), along with secondary dissociation of CH3CO+ → CH3+ + CO (solid black). Total fits are shown (solid black) along with individual components of the 236 nm EINT distribution (solid and dashed black). The dashed component corresponds to formation of the 1-hydroxyvinylium isomer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-c2h3o-hco-ch4-and-ch3-ion-images-top-to-bottom-2qhz0tgp.png Figure 5 C2H3O+, HCO+, CH4+, and CH3+ ion images (top to bottom) following photolysis of CH3CHO+ at 316 nm, 276 nm, and 236 nm (left to right). Dashed circles represent the maximum possible speeds for each ionic fragment assuming the neutral cofragments given in reactions I–IV. The C2H3O+ images on the top row have been magnified by a factor of two to more clearly show the structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-hco-total-translational-energy-distributions-at-1kyjeufv.png Figure 7 (a) HCO+ total translational energy distributions at 316 nm, 276 nm, and 236 nm; (b) β(ET) are shown for all photolysis wavelengths (316 – 228 nm) along with their average (black); (c) linear surprisal plots showing two distinct gradients. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-ch3-total-translational-energy-distributions-and-2wdxhc7w.png Figure 8 (a) CH3+ total translational energy distributions and phase space theory calculations (black) at selected photolysis wavelengths of 316 nm, 276 nm, and 236 nm; (b) linear surprisal plots; (c) variation of surprisal parameter, b, with available energy. https://scispace.com/papers/uvit-open-cluster-study-i-detection-of-a-white-dwarf-1oesgnqd4w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fundamental-parameters-of-the-bss-and-wd-companion-36y5122a.png Table 3. Fundamental parameters of the BSS and WD companion. The first and second columns list the WOCS and Sanders numbers, third, fourth, fifth and sixth columns list the Teff , log g, Luminosity and Radius estimated for BSS (WOCS1006 and WOCS2011), and BSS & WD companion (WOCS1007) respectively. χ2red for the single fit is listed in the 7th column. In the case of WOCS1007, the first row lists the χ2red for step1 fit, second row for step2 fit and the last three rows for the composite fit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-seds-of-3-bsss-with-the-close-up-of-the-uv-region-1ivifngg.png Figure 2. SEDs of 3 BSSs with the close-up of the UV region in the insets. Left panels show step1 SED fits. Right panels show step2 SEDs for WOCS1006 and WOCS2011, and double fit for WOCS1007. Scaled and best fitting Kurucz spectrum (gray), Koester WD spectrum (green) and composite spectrum (olive) are shown along with corresponding Teff . The observed photometric flux corrected for extinction are shown with blue squares (from optical to IR), Cyan (UVIT), green (GALEX) and golden (IUE) and corresponding composite synthetic flux as red dots. The EWR plots are in the bottom panels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-uvit-image-of-m67-obtained-in-the-f148w-filter-a-3jawc5zo.png Figure 1. UVIT image of M67 obtained in the F148W filter. A few stars are marked in the image and stamp size images of the three stars studied here are shown below. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-h-r-diagram-of-he-wd-model-taken-from-panei-et-al-b6fzndqb.png Figure 3. A H-R diagram of He-WD model taken from Panei et al. (2007) table 3 are plotted for 0.16M , 0.19M and 0.20M . The characteristics of each labelled point are described in their table 3. The end of binary evolution (which is the starting point of WD evolution) is denoted by point A in the figure. The estimated parameters of WOCS1007 are shown in the plot for 3 log g values 6.5, 7.75 and 9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-all-observations-used-in-this-study-the-ymazbs0t.png Table 1. Details of all observations used in this study. The first column provides the date of observation (based on the availability). The filter details and exposure time are given in the second and third columns. 4th and 5th columns list the effective wavelength and bandwidth of the filter. The zero point magnitudes are listed in column 6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-observed-photometric-flux-and-their-respective-3vuvii2q.png Table 2. The Observed photometric flux and their respective error of the 3 BSSs detected in the three FUV filters of UVIT are listed along with GALEX - FUV & NUV flux taken from GR6/GR7 data release and corrected for saturation, the optical flux from Montgomery et al. (1993) and IUE, 2MASS, WISE and GAIA taken from their respective source catalogue through VO photometry. https://scispace.com/papers/vacancy-clusters-dislocations-and-brown-colouration-in-1jf0n1heg4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-hr-tem-images-a-of-hpht-treated-and-b-1bsk0e5u.png Figure 1. Experimental HR-TEM images (a) of HPHT treated and (b) of untreated brown diamond, (c) of a colourless and (d) of a brown zone in a ‘zebra’ diamond, all at −150 nm defocus. Alongside (d) are shown TEMSIM simulations at −150 nm defocus, for a vacancy cluster (52 vacancies in a 650-atom supercell, 〈110〉 projection) in diamond, placed at the entrance surface (top) and the middle (bottom) of an 80 nm thick sample. All parameters used (300 kV accelerating voltage, 40 mrad objective aperture) are as in the experiment. Beam coherence was assumed in the simulations and a cut-off filter for frequencies higher than 200 reflections were applied to the Fourier transform of the simulated images, before the inverse transform (shown here) was performed. (e), (f) Maps of the relative EEL intensity at 4–6 eV, taken away from dislocations in a colourless and a brown zone in the zebra sample in (c) and (d). The intensity is on a temperature scale (i.e., blue: low, yellow: high). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-and-b-dislocation-dipoles-in-a-hthp-treated-212jj6k5.png Figure 3. (a) and (b) Dislocation dipoles, in a HTHP treated diamond, imaged in STEM bright field in each left-hand panel, and sp2 related EELS intensity maps (4.6–5.4 eV; with EELS SI analysis and colour scale as described before) in each right-hand panel. Note the patches of high sp2 intensity (yellow), 10–15 nm in size. The intensity patch in (a) marked with an arrow, is due to a copper particle; all dark circular spots are Cu-particle contamination originating from the support grid. (c) Lower magnification overview with EEL intensity maps overlaid. The colour coding is different from (a) and (b) to provide transparency for the diffraction contrast of the dislocations; here pink colours signify low, and yellow colours enhanced intensity at 4.6–5.4 eV. (d) CASTEP simulations of the low loss EELS spectra of pure diamond (pink), a 3-vacancy cluster in a 64-atom cell (yellow), a (111) chain of vacancies (blue). An experimental difference spectrum (grey) of the bright spot and a black region in (b) is overlaid. (e) 3D visualization of the (111) vacancy chains. The bonds, atoms and/or unit cells are represented in dark grey. The orbitals of any states in the diamond bandgap are featured in yellow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-haadf-stem-image-of-the-diamond-lattice-of-a-26rr5w4m.png Figure 2. (a) HAADF STEM image of the diamond lattice of a colourless diamond, noise removed by Fourier filtering, showing a dislocation by the ending (111) plane, marked in red, with the dislocation core aligned parallel to the electron beam. The frame width of the image is 7.5 nm. (b) Map of the EEL intensity at 5.4–7.4 eV created from a thickness and diffraction corrected and normalized SI of the region in (a). The intensity is on a similar scale as in figure 1. (c) Difference between spectra extracted from the dislocation core region (yellow/orange pixels) and from a region remote from the core (e.g., blue pixels in the bottom left corner of (b)). (d) Low loss EEL spectrum modelled using ab initio calculations [2], of a shuffle partial dislocation in diamond, (e) same of a glide partial and (f) of a screw dislocation. The theoretical spectra are for E-field directions 〈112〉 perpendicular to the dislocation line (solid lines), 〈111〉 perpendicular to the dislocation line (dashed lines), 〈110〉 parallel to the dislocation line (dash–dotted lines) and for bulk diamond (thick solid line). https://scispace.com/papers/v-tokens-for-conditional-pseudonymity-in-vanets-1b1x5csrgs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pseudonym-issuance-protocol-sf8kxwxn.png Fig. 1. Pseudonym issuance protocol. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-collaborative-identity-resolution-protocol-with-3-168z762z.png Fig. 2. Collaborative identity resolution protocol with 3 authorities. https://scispace.com/papers/v473-lyr-a-modulated-period-doubled-cepheid-and-u-tra-a-4t0pu089g7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-long-term-variation-of-the-pulsation-amplitude-and-j4ca7fa0.png Figure 5. Long-term variation of the pulsation amplitude and phase of V473 Lyrae. Top left: photometric amplitude modulation. Filled (A1) and empty (A2) green, orange, blue and black symbols are the MOST, AAVSO/BSM, Pi of the Sky, and KELT-N data, respectively. Grey symbols are data from Molnár & Szabados (2014). Note that indices 1 and 2 correspond to the main pulsation peak (f2) and its first harmonic (2f2), respectively. Bottom left: the same for phase modulation. Grey dashed lines mark the amplitude maxima of the short modulation cycles, while the black line shows the long modulation cycle in the phase variation. Top right: new (blue) and some old (black) RV amplitudes overlaid on the photometric amplitudes. Bottom right: the same for RV phases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-phase-lag-of-v473-lyrae-light-blue-dots-are-our-2iwhcmxh.png Figure 6. Phase lag of V473 Lyrae (light blue dots are our analysis of the older data sets, blue cross is for the MOST run), compared to the model calculations of Szabó et al. (2007). Grey and orange symbols are the fundamental-mode and first-overtone Cepheids collected by Og loza, Moskalik & Kanbur (2000). The star is clearly separated from the first-overtone ones and follows the second-overtone model family. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-most-light-curves-of-v473-lyr-and-u-tra-2hftzq3i.png Figure 1. MOST light curves of V473 Lyr and U TrA. Brightnesses are in MOST instrumental units. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-archival-grey-blue-purple-circles-and-newly-1jonddfr.png Figure 8. Archival (grey, blue, purple circles), and newly obtained SASER RV data (red sqares) of U TrA, phased with the two pulsation periods. Top: original data set, with a twocomponent fit of the fundamental mode, the full amplitude of the curve is AFM = 29.1 km s −1. Bottom: residual with a fit to the first overtone, A1O = 11.7 km s −1. The two outlier points around –50 km s−1 were not used when fitting the amplitudes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fourier-spectra-of-the-most-data-of-u-tra-red-and-3nu8kqyy.png Figure 7. Fourier spectra of the MOST data of U TrA. Red and blue lines indicate SN ratios 4 and 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-journal-of-ground-based-spectroscopic-and-1zpwuonj.png Table 1. Journal of ground-based spectroscopic and photometric observations of V473 Lyrae. Time ranges are in HJD 2400000+ d. The KELT survey uses Kodak Wratten No. 8 red-pass filters (Pepper et al. 2007). Aperture ratios and focal lengths are provided for the telephoto lens-based systems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-new-light-curves-and-rv-measurements-of-v473-lyrae-2gpw6vde.png Figure 2. New light curves and RV measurements of V473 Lyrae (left panels). Phased curves (right panels) are folded with the inverse frequency P = 1/0.670775 d. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-pulsation-phase-variations-in-u-tra-top-31h9qed3.png Figure 10. Pulsation phase variations in U TrA. Top: fundamental mode, middle: first overtone, bottom: phase difference between the two modes. The horizontal line marks the average difference of φ1 − φ0 = 0.1637. Units are in rad/2π. The reference periods we used are: P0 = 2.56842307 d and P1 = 1.82487002 d. https://scispace.com/papers/vacancy-wind-factors-and-collective-correlation-factors-in-134qgvkeka 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-collective-correlation-factors-b-ab-a-273k0gru.png Figure 4. Collective correlation factors (B)AB (A) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-collective-correlation-factors-b-ab-a-3tjjxie7.png Figure 3. Collective correlation factors (B)AB (A) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-vacancy-wind-factor-ra-as-a-function-ca-for-a-0-9a-3s61yxfy.png Figure 5. Vacancy-wind factor rA as a function CA for (a) 0.9α = , (b) 0.7α = , (c ) 0.5α = and (d) 0.1α = Monte Carlo simulation -*, solid lines –present method, dashed line –harmonic mean method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-vacancy-wind-factor-rb-as-a-function-ca-for-a-0-9a-2byd6cl1.png Figure 6. Vacancy-wind factor rB as a function CA for (a) 0.9α = , (b) 0.7α = , (c ) 0.5α = and (d) 0.1α = Monte Carlo simulation -*, solid lines –present method, dashed line –harmonic mean method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-collective-correlation-factors-b-ab-a-2sxd68z4.png Figure 1. Collective correlation factors (B)AB (A) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-collective-correlation-factors-b-ab-a-3a3u0dxf.png Figure 2. Collective correlation factors (B)AB (A) https://scispace.com/papers/vacancy-formation-in-homoepitaxially-grown-ag-films-and-its-1h05jklboc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-coverage-dependence-of-the-total-surface-roughnes-open-18f5754z.png FIG. 8. Coverage dependence of the total surface roughnes ~open symbols! and pyramid rms height fluctuationsSpyr ~solid symbols! determined from the fits to the Ag~111! data in Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-fraction-of-exposed-surface-atomspj-resulting-from-the-3gcan8x6.png FIG. 7. Fraction of exposed surface atomsPj , resulting from the best fits to the Ag~111! reflectivity data in Fig. 4, is shown as function of the normalized height levelNpyr for four different coverages. These particularPj distributions~and not the mere presenc of mounds! give rise to the interference fringes observed in t low-angle region in our experiment. The inset shows the ‘‘Pj vs j’’ dependence for a Ag/Ag~111! film grown at T5200 K having a Gaussian distribution, which does not lead to interference fring https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-specular-reflectivity-measured-for-ag-111-with-0-7-ml-1lgjvrr5.png FIG. 4. Specular reflectivity measured for Ag~111! with 0.7 ML ~diamonds!, 2.1 ML ~squares!, 5.0 ML ~triangles!, and 10.6 ML ~circles! thick films, deposited on Ag~111! at T5100 K. The curves are vertically shifted for clarity. The best fits~ olid lines! are based on a model where, in addition to the surface-normal strain in deposited films, a surface morphology consisting of pyramidl structures is assumed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-specular-reflectivity-measured-for-ag-001-with-5-9-ml-3tbwpyrh.png FIG. 3. Specular reflectivity measured for Ag~001! with 5.9 ML ~diamonds!, 11.8 ML ~squares!, 17.3 ML ~triangles!, and 23.6 ML ~circles!, deposited atT5100 K. The curves are vertically shifte for clarity. The solid lines represent best fits to a real-space mo where a compressive strain is assumed to be present in the d ited film. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-in-plane-020-bragg-reflection-was-measured-with-th-xffyrhg7.png FIG. 5. In-plane~020! Bragg reflection was measured with th wave vector parallel to the surface for different coverages shows no evidence of lateral strain in the film deposited at temperature on Ag~001!. The incident and outgoing beams we kept below the critical angle to enhance the surface sensitivity. https://scispace.com/papers/vaccinations-in-prison-settings-a-systematic-review-to-397glxvk3h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-retrieved-studies-on-measles-mumps-2mwpe5ea.png Table 3. Summary of retrieved studies on Measles-Mumps-Rubella and Influenza vaccination in prison setting https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-selection-process-peer-reviewed-2k03ud6u.png Figure 1. Flowchart selection process peer-reviewed literature https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-retrieved-studies-on-hepatitis-a-b-and-23numm3m.png Table 2. Summary of retrieved studies on Hepatitis A, B and combined A+B vaccination in prison setting https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-included-studies-z9i494d0.png Table 1: Characteristics of included studies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flowchart-selection-process-for-the-grey-literature-3r5zpe3f.png Figure 2. Flowchart selection process for the grey literature https://scispace.com/papers/vaccinomics-strategy-for-developing-a-unique-multi-epitope-2lj1u9g7ji 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-allergenicity-and-antigenicity-analysis-of-the-2p4uc0h9.png Table 7 Allergenicity and antigenicity analysis of the constructed vaccines https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-binding-energy-of-predicted-epitopes-with-selected-3afxdlh4.png Table 8 Binding energy of predicted epitopes with selected MHC class I and MHC class II molecules generated from molecular docking by AutoDock https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-protparam-analysis-of-retrieved-viral-proteins-ewhahtez.png Table 1 ProtParam analysis of retrieved viral proteins. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-predicted-t-cell-epitopes-mhc-i-peptides-of-envelope-3600nhbu.png Table 2 Predicted T-cell epitopes (MHC-I peptides) of envelope glycoprotein and matrix protein VP40. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-restriction-digestion-a-and-in-silico-cloning-b-of-1pmzjsh6.png Fig. 12. Restriction digestion (A) and in silico cloning (B) of the gene sequence of final vaccine construct V1 into pET28a(+) expression vector. Target sequence was inserted between BglII (401) and ApaI (1334). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-prediction-of-b-cell-linear-epitope-and-intrinsic-2901bms3.png Fig. 4. Prediction of B cell linear epitope and intrinsic properties for membrane glycoprotein using different scales (A: Bepipred, B: Surface accessibility, C: Emini surface, D: Flexibility, E: Antigenicity, F: Hydrophilicity). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-predicted-t-cell-epitopes-mhc-ii-peptides-of-3nahlr3l.png Table 3 Predicted T-cell epitopes (MHC-II peptides) of envelope glycoprotein and matrix protein VP40. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cluster-analysis-of-the-hla-alleles-a-mhc-i-molecules-251lvdbl.png Fig. 3. Cluster analysis of the HLA alleles: (A: MHC-I molecules, B: MHC-II molecules (red color in the heat map indicating strong interaction, while the yellow zone indicating the weaker interaction). https://scispace.com/papers/vada-a-transformation-based-system-for-variable-dependence-283e3p9q17 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-variable-dependence-example-2886hei3.png Figure 1. Variable Dependence Example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-syntax-of-the-core-language-30nyt7u3.png Figure 3. The Syntax of the Core Language https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-correspondence-between-slicing-and-variable-2ywk2bid.png Figure 2. The Correspondence Between Slicing and Variable Dependence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-timings-for-worst-case-backward-assignments-within-2abx4e9s.png Figure 6. Timings for worst-case backward assignments within five nested while loops (timings without memoisation are shown by a dashed line) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-timings-for-forward-assignments-with-no-loops-hkexi0qk.png Figure 8. Timings for forward assignments with no loops (timings without memoisation are shown by a dashed line) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-timings-for-while-loop-nesting-with-50-worst-case-12figr2w.png Figure 7. Timings for while loop nesting with 50 worst-case backward assignments (timings without memoisation are shown by a dashed line) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-core-language-slicing-algorithm-in-prolog-pseudo-rqzks3xf.png Figure 4. Core Language Slicing Algorithm in Prolog Pseudo Code https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-details-of-auxiliary-predicates-used-by-the-slicer-2dfxtpz1.png Figure 5. Details of Auxiliary Predicates used by the Slicer/Variable Dependence Analyser https://scispace.com/papers/vacuum-ultraviolet-spectroscopy-and-photochemistry-of-zinc-2n5oeaigjb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-excitation-energies-and-oscillator-strengths-for-23h1quc3.png Table 3. Excitation Energies and Oscillator Strengths for Spin-Allowed Transitions from the Ground X 1Σg State of ZnH2a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-the-td-dft-predicted-convoluted-34whi1lm.png Figure 6. Comparison of the TD-DFT predicted (convoluted) excitation energies with the absorption spectra of ZnD2. The dashed curves in the lower panel are those obtained by fitting four Gaussian curves to the recorded data. Their sum is shown by the gray curve overlaid on the experimental data, shown in red. The solid black traces in the upper panel are the stick and convoluted predicted spectra. To obtain a match with the recorded data, the gray traces were generated by blue shifting the original TD-DFT bands by 4200 cm−1 (shown by the solid black trace) and splitting the degenerate Π state by 2200 cm−1. The curve generated by summing the dashed curves is shown by the solid gray trace, and it can be compared with the experimental data in the lower panel. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-comparison-of-the-structural-and-vibrational-data-1dmafg8x.png Table 1. A Comparison of the Structural and Vibrational Data of CH3−Zn-H Predicted by the Current DFT Calculations and Determined in Previous Experimental Studiesa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-similar-comparison-to-figure-6-but-for-ch3znh-1g9h85r8.png Figure 7. Similar comparison to Figure 6 but for CH3ZnH results. Three bands are sufficient to provide an acceptable fit of the recorded absorption bands. No splitting was used on the degenerate E state as it already has cylindrical symmetry in this C3v molecule. A constant shift does not allow the three convoluted bands to match the three recorded bands. In this system, a blue shift of 5200 cm−1 lines up the central band in the pure CH4 system. However, it is evident that this constant shift underestimates the location of the red band and overestimates the blue band. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-absorption-spectra-recorded-for-zn-isolated-in-the-x2f4taq4.png Figure 1. Absorption spectra recorded for Zn isolated in the molecular matrices D2 and CH4 deposited at 4 and 12 K, respectively, both of which were scanned at 4.2 K. The location of the resonance 4p 1P1 ← 4s 1S0 transition of atomic zinc in the gas phase (213.9 nm) is indicated by the dashed vertical line. As indicated in the figure, a blue shift of the entire band occurs for Zn/D2 from the gas phase position, but a red shift exists in Zn/CH4. For comparison the absorption spectrum of Zn/Ne is presented on the bottom revealing a less resolved main band and features recently attributed (ref 11) to zinc dimer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-absorption-band-positions-recorded-for-the-4p-1p1-4s-vso0fprv.png Table 2. Absorption Band Positions Recorded for the 4p 1P1−4s 1S0 Transition of Atomic Zinc Isolated in the Solids Formed from the Light Materials Deuterium, Methane, Neon, and Argon at 4.2 Ka https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-excitation-energies-and-oscillator-strengths-for-19tyot2t.png Table 4. Excitation Energies and Oscillator Strengths for Spin Allowed Transitions from the Ground X 1A1 State of CH3ZnH a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-changes-observed-in-the-vuv-uv-absorption-spectra-2a10q09m.png Figure 3. Changes observed in the VUV−UV absorption spectra of the Zn/D2 system upon atomic photolysis at specific wavelengths (indicated by the arrows in Figure 1) shown as difference spectra. The negative peaks in the plots indicate the loss of the atomic bands, while the positive ones reveal the growth of transitions in the VUV. In addition to the pure D2 matrix result, the response of a 10% D2 in Ar sample and a 10% H2 in Ar sample to similar irradiation are shown in the lower panel. The dip evident at approximately 185 nm in the 10% D2 in Ar sample arose due to a change in the SR beam position during the scan and is not of photochemical significance. https://scispace.com/papers/vaginal-cleansing-and-postoperative-infectious-morbidity-in-h5f2297qt7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-associations-between-mode-of-vaginal-cleansing-and-1wuq1na9.png Table 3. Associations between mode of vaginal cleansing and postoperative infectious morbidity treated with antibiotics registered by the physician at discharge from the hospital or at follow up visits, or by the patient in the postal questionnaire for 5802 women. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-associations-between-mode-of-vaginal-cleansing-and-3rcjn27o.png Table 2. Associations between mode of vaginal cleansing and postoperative infectious morbidity registered at discharge from hospital in 6393 women. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-flowchart-of-women-who-underwent-vaginal-1z0msy7m.png Figure I. Flowchart of women who underwent vaginal hysterectomy and laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy on benign indications in the Swedish National Register of Gynecological Surgery during the period January 1, 2000 to February 1, 2008. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-clinical-data-from-6496-women-with-31wy69py.png Table 1. Demographic and clinical data from 6496 women with vaginal or laparoscopically assisted vaginal total hysterectomy on benign indications subdivided according to mode of preoperative vaginal cleansing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-predictive-factors-for-postoperative-infectious-oeb64f2x.png Table 4. Predictive factors for postoperative infectious morbidity treated with antibiotics after vaginal hysterectomy on benign indication. https://scispace.com/papers/validated-fall-risk-assessment-tools-for-use-with-older-1ah6a3bimk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flow-chart-39ah6wa4.png Figure 2. Flow chart. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-search-strategy-1rlfnrut.png Figure 1. Search strategy. https://scispace.com/papers/vagus-nerve-stimulation-for-treatment-resistant-depression-13ujw9r9lt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-d-23-vns-registry-3m140kml.png Table 3. D-23 VNS registry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-vns-therapy-works-via-several-pathways-aypqo8l1.png Figure 1. VNS therapy works via several pathways. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-history-of-vns-therapyvr-16tch7el.png Table 1. History of VNS therapyVR . https://scispace.com/papers/validated-removal-of-nuclear-pseudogenes-and-sequencing-2ceksrn56w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-filtering-performance-for-a-selection-of-pairwise-1houk6ho.png Table 2. Filtering performance for a selection of pairwise combinations of filtering criteria and minimum thresholds values for read abundance for the COL dataset. Combinations are shown that minimise the number of surviving verified non-authentic ASVs (vna-ASVs) when the number of excluded verified authentic ASVs (va-ASVs) is between 0 and 17. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-number-of-libraries-asvs-va-asvs-and-1eosdccm.png Table 1. Summary of the number of libraries, ASVs, va-ASVs, and vna-ASVS obtained for the three Halictus species and the Crytocephalys lineage. Read counts refers to the sum of the ASV read-abundance across all libraries where a given ASV is present. https://scispace.com/papers/validating-sample-preservation-techniques-and-holding-times-36gbqgvnex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-values-for-haa-formation-in-an-in-process-r4o4iqws.png Table 3 Average values for HAA formation in an in-process water (TOC 3.9mg/l) with a relatively high level of free available chlorine over 28 days. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-formation-of-all-nine-haas-in-an-in-process-river-1wlgf150.png Fig. 2. Formation of all nine HAAs in an in-process river water with a TOC of 3.9mg/l and an initial free available chlorine level above 5mg/l with, and without, ammonium chloride quenching. Error bars indicate7one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-formation-of-the-five-regulated-haas-in-an-in-process-ojqh15a9.png Fig. 1. Formation of the five regulated HAAs in an in-process water with a TOC of 3.9mg/l and an initial free available chlorine level above 5mg/l with, and without, ammonium chloride quenching. Error bars indicate7one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-toc-free-chlorine-and-total-chlorine-concentrations-32zfblnt.png Table 2 TOC, free chlorine and total chlorine concentrations measured during the ICR in drinking waters systems serving at least 100,000 persons https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-preparation-of-samples-for-the-microbiological-1ijhz650.png Table 1 Preparation of samples for the microbiological preservation study https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-values-for-haa-formation-in-the-same-in-31eccecp.png Table 4 Average values for HAA formation in the same in-process water reported in Table 3, but quenched with 100mg/l ammonium chloride https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-heterotrophic-plate-count-studies-conducted-during-the-3cpnfys6.png Fig. 4. Heterotrophic plate count studies conducted during the 28-day microbiological preservation studies to determine the antimicrobial effectiveness of the chloramine residual formed as a result of sample quenching. Error bars indicate7one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-storage-stability-over-28-days-for-haas-prepared-as-1b8ld9tn.png Fig. 3. Storage stability over 28 days for HAAs prepared as described in Table 1, Sample A and then stored according to EPA method protocols. Error bars indicate7one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/papers/validation-and-automatic-repair-of-planar-partitions-using-a-2gfsmezmcd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-validation-of-the-unit-test-polygons-from-appendix-bb7o00vf.png Table 5.1: Validation of the unit test polygons from Appendix C.1. e prototype (CT) error codes are: (DV) duplicate vertices, (ZA) zero area, (SI) self intersections, (NOBFIB) no outer boundary for an inner boundary to fit into. e ArcGIS ones are: (SI) self intersections, (UR) unclosed rings, and (IRO) incorrect ring ordering. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-4-unit-test-polygons-with-three-interior-connected-45y5hqkt.png Figure C.4: Unit test polygons with three interior connected regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-8-a-tagged-triangulation-of-the-convex-hull-of-two-1kg6ux45.png Figure 4.8: A tagged triangulation of the convex hull of two polygons for the Arribes del Duero Natural Park in Spain (red) and the International Douro Natural Park in Portugal (green). e triangles in the exterior of this planar partition are shown in yellow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-9-step-by-step-demonstration-of-the-polyline-7cg2ga1r.png Figure A.9: Step by step demonstration of the polyline generation algorithm. It starts at the seeding triangle, from which the algorithm is applied to all its three incident edges, although all the polyline is generated from N1 and following the traversal order shown in black arrows (above). e nodes describing the polyline at each step of the algorithm are in the lower le (with the vertex added at each point of the recursion in red), while the final result is in the lower right. Notice that the interior of the polygon always lies to the right of the polyline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-3-unit-test-polygons-with-two-interior-connected-27ygavj3.png Figure C.3: Unit test polygons with two interior connected regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-11-topology-errors-found-in-corine-tile-e41n27-with-3o90dyd8.png Figure 3.11: Topology errors found in CORINE tile E41N27 with ArcGIS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-10-overshoots-and-undershoots-are-invalid-4dtrey0j.png Figure 3.10: Overshoots and undershoots are invalid configurations that break polygon topology. ese as usually solved by snapping (Section 3.3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-7-joining-and-repairing-4-adjacent-tiles-from-33flfscz.png Figure 3.7: Joining and repairing 4 adjacent tiles from CORINE in FME, using the transformers shown above. e process consists of reading the 4 input files, snapping them together, dissolving the boundaries that have the same feature classification on both sides, and creating a unified output. Note that this involves checking boundaries within each CORINE tile as well, which might be unnecessary. https://scispace.com/papers/validation-and-calibration-of-the-activpal-for-estimating-4hp591vrev 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-characteristics-377-1b0otuk6.png Table 1. Participant characteristics* 377 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-roc-analysis-for-development-and-cross-validation-of-2n22itbm.png Table 2. ROC analysis for development and cross-validation of activPALTM MVPA intensity thresholds. 381 https://scispace.com/papers/validation-and-reclassification-of-mgap-and-gap-in-hospital-2h5qgycjzi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-baseline-characteristics-of-tarn-patientswith-crude-jwt0hk8s.png TABLE 2. Baseline Characteristics of TARN PatientsWith Crude HRs Within 30 Days (n = 79,807) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3pam2rcq.png Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3ewttxiw.png Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-figure-2-presents-areas-under-the-roc-curve-for-gap-10bwxpbm.png Figure 2. Figure 2 presents areas under the ROC curve for GAP and for MGAP scores using the originally proposed cut-offs to derive risk categories. https://scispace.com/papers/validation-and-reliability-of-visual-assessment-with-a-shade-1h1kmqksc3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-visual-assessment-using-shade-guide-results-compared-1ouinwu5.png Table 2: Visual Assessment Using Shade Guide Results Compared to the Gold Standard https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bland-altman-plots-using-the-16-colors-of-the-oywnw5p2.png Figure 2: Bland-Altman plots using the 16 colors of the Vitapan Classical shade guide, comparing visual assessment and digital spectrophotometric analysis. The middle line is the average of the mean difference between the visual assessment and digital spectrophotometric analysis. The upper and lower lines represent the 95% confidence interval around the mean differences. https://scispace.com/papers/validation-gating-for-non-linear-non-gaussian-target-1m382ns380 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-20-component-gaussian-mixture-model-of-a-bearing-11yefy4c.png Figure 1: A 20-component Gaussian mixture model of a bearing-only likelihood function in the coordinate frame of the target x, where xs = [0, 0]T and z = 0◦. The individual components are shown in (a), along with an equi-likelihood contour encompassing 95% of the GMM probability mass. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-values-of-p-x-and-xs-in-b-are-the-same-as-in-1l1rqtxp.png Figure 4: The values of p (x) and xs in (b) are the same as in Figure 2(b). In (a), the mode of p (x, z = zi) is shown as a function of zi. The weighted samples from p (z) are red crosses, and the threshold weight w95 is shown by a horizontal line. The valid observation region is shown in (b) by the shaded blue region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-multiple-hypothesis-example-where-p-x-and-xs-are-2p3jprzs.png Figure 3: A multiple hypothesis example, where p (x) and xs are as in Figure 2. The sensor returns two measurements, shown as lines, at −10◦ and −2◦. The two possible updates for the target are depicted by contours bounding the 95% mass concentration of the respective posterior PDFs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-validation-gate-for-a-bearing-only-scenario-where-p-2mf1m2l1.png Figure 2: Validation gate for a bearing-only scenario, where p (x) is depicted in (b) by a shaded green region (marking 95% of its mass), and the sensor location xs = [10, 10]T by a ∗. The threshold weight w95 is shown by a horizontal line in (a), and the resulting region of valid bearing observations radiating from xs are shown in (b) by the shaded blue region. https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-a-media-selection-framework-through-practical-4hwuskkiah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequency-distribution-of-the-use-questionnaire-data-bzmf5esb.png Table 1: Frequency distribution of the USE questionnaire data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-media-taxonomy-hierarchical-diagram-1vwcj9an.png Figure 1: Media Taxonomy Hierarchical Diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-normality-plot-experimental-group-1qffexku.png Figure 3: Normality Plot - Experimental Group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-normality-plot-control-group-1868ii7m.png Figure 2: Normality Plot - Control Group https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-a-new-procedure-for-impedance-eduction-in-flow-55h1q5yrx7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-educed-dimensionless-admittance-of-hardwall-insert-2hnw99n1.png Figure 3. Educed dimensionless admittance of hardwall insert at Mach 0.0 (analytical eduction data). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-of-3d-duct-with-microphones-removed-from-298nrfty.png Figure 2. Schematic of 3D duct with microphones removed from liner test section. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-educed-dimensionless-impedance-of-conventional-1pvk3kxp.png Figure 11. Educed dimensionless impedance of conventional test liner at Mach 0.5 (synthesized data). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-educed-dimensionless-impedance-of-conventional-zd6um6qo.png Figure 10. Educed dimensionless impedance of conventional test liner at Mach 0.3 (synthesized data). https://scispace.com/figures/figures-6-8-give-plots-of-the-educed-dimensionless-1pr412mp.png Figures 6-8 give plots of the educed dimensionless conductance and susceptance spectra (using the measured data) for the hardwall insert at Mach numbers of 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5, respectively. Several consistent trends are observed: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-larc-grazing-flow-impedance-tube-14suyrzs.png Figure 1. Schematic of the LaRC grazing flow impedance tube with microphones embedded in the liner test section. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-educed-dimensionless-admittance-of-hardwall-insert-1fpddphd.png Figure 8. Educed dimensionless admittance of hardwall insert at Mach 0.5 (measured eduction data). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-educed-dimensionless-impedance-of-conventional-test-1sbfzzwj.png Figure 9. Educed dimensionless impedance of conventional test liner at Mach 0.0 (synthesized data). https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-a-quantitative-image-analysis-methodology-for-43u3cpyde8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-total-monitored-granules-and-a-minimum-representative-2yf297yo.png Fig. 3. Total monitored granules and (a) minimum representative number (nb) of granules; (b) complying intervals, according to the average and tandard deviation criterion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-standard-deviation-percentage-with-respect-to-the-1jlgc5td.png Table 2 Standard deviation percentage with respect to the size ranges for the granular and floccular fractions and main parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-aggregates-percentage-above-and-below-250-um-in-3071hrw1.png Fig. 4. Aggregates percentage above and below 250 µm in equivalent diameter for the granular and floccular fractions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-stratification-analysis-presenting-the-percentage-of-3egp50h1.png Fig. 5. Stratification analysis presenting the percentage of the aggregates (quantified as granules) below 250 µm collected in the 500 µm sieve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-results-of-the-performed-dt-with-the-sample-1o2bxtwb.png Fig. 8. Results of the performed DT with the sample representativeness parameters (Diam — diameter; Rob. — robustness). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-standard-deviation-percentage-with-respect-to-the-size-31w3h5pr.png Fig. 7. Standard deviation percentage with respect to the size ranges for the granular and floccular fractions diameter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-aggregates-number-percentage-with-respect-to-the-3usf7acj.png Table 1 Aggregates number percentage with respect to the size ranges for the granular and floccular fractions within 175–250 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-diameter-and-standard-deviation-of-the-3ais851g.png Fig. 6. Average diameter and standard deviation of the granular and floccular fractions. https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-an-exertional-recall-questionnaire-for-a-1zzsdhdbvf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-physiological-mediators-of-perceived-exertion-bx3d5ydn.png Table 3. Physiological Mediators of Perceived Exertion https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-results-of-the-analysis-of-variance-for-rpe-o-35dxns5m.png Table 12. Results of the Analysis of Variance for RPE-O during Resistance Exercise https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-results-of-the-analysis-of-variance-for-rpe-a-2201whzi.png Table 11. Results of the Analysis of Variance for RPE-A during Resistance Exercise https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-results-of-the-analysis-of-covariance-for-rpe-l-2qscc3nz.png Table 16. Results of the Analysis of Covariance for RPE-L during Cycle Exercise https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-results-of-the-analysis-of-covariance-for-rpe-c-rux2tild.png Table 17. Results of the Analysis of Covariance for RPE-C during Cycle Exercise https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-pearson-correlations-between-oxygen-consumption-and-2xfbqp3n.png Table 6. Pearson Correlations between Oxygen Consumption and RPE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-circuit-training-program-flow-chart-3tt964m4.png Figure 2. Circuit Training Program Flow-Chart https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-activity-assessment-procedures-and-mqfv059u.png Table 1. Physical Activity Assessment Procedures and Characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-an-interview-only-version-of-the-dimensional-4ueckrmejg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlations-between-the-change-in-dy-bocs-global-3se4q0zc.png Table 4 Correlations between the change in DY-BOCS global score from baseline to follow-up and other measures of symptom and disorder severity change from baseline to follow-up. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-between-the-symptom-dimensions-of-dy-3ad1vt3f.png Table 3 Correlations between the symptom dimensions of DY-BOCS and the symptom dimensions of the self-reported OCI-CV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-scores-on-the-dy-bocs-and-the-l66ckark.png Table 2 Correlations between scores on the DY-BOCS and the measures of OCD, anxiety, worry, depression, and clinician-rated severity and global functioning assessed at baseline. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-means-and-standard-deviations-of-the-dy-bocs-symptom-34d3i7ib.png Table 6 Means and standard deviations of the DY-BOCS symptom dimensions in the present and previously published validation studies with youth samples. Effect sizes for the differences between the present and previous studies are presented as Cohen’s d. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-standard-deviations-for-the-measures-of-21dg2pwl.png Table 1 Means and standard deviations for the measures of OCD, overall functioning, depression, anxiety, worry, and clinical improvement at baseline and follow-up. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlations-between-change-score-of-the-dy-bocs-1fn7cz88.png Table 5 Correlations between change score of the DY-BOCS dimensions and change scores of the selfreported OCI-CV dimensions. https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-an-mri-rating-scale-for-amyloid-related-4zfkevb9bg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-of-parenchymal-hyperintensity-ph-scores-3kqmsm7d.png Fig 3. Distribution of Parenchymal hyperintensity (PH) scores for the 5 raters in the ARIA-E (Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities with edema or effusion) cases. Bars represent average scores of the five raters per patient summed across the 12 anatomic regions. The error bars represent the ranges of the maximum and minimum score between the 5 raters, showing that the overall variation in scores is larger than in average ARIA-E and sulcal hyperintensity (SH) scores between raters, indicating the higher level of complexity in detection of the PH. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-study-population-1qr07o2a.png Table 1. Characteristics of the study population. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-the-aria-e-rating-scale-13ov4f1a.png Table 2. Overview of the ARIA-E Rating Scale https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distribution-of-sulcal-hyperintensity-sh-scores-for-9boaugfl.png Fig 2. Distribution of Sulcal hyperintensity (SH) scores for the 5 raters in the ARIA-E Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities with edema or effusion cases. Bars represent average https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-atmospheric-infrared-sounder-temperature-and-5edvh6qxor 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-histogram-of-the-latitudinal-distribution-of-raob-2o0e79iu.png Figure 3. Histogram of the latitudinal distribution of RAOB day/night samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-raob-samples-covered-by-each-8xc1uedr.png Figure 2. Percentage of RAOB samples covered by each instrument type (bars) and number of RAOB stations (solid line) that use the instrument type. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-same-as-in-figure-4a-but-for-the-sea-category-b-2rosu4qg.png Figure 6. (a) Same as in Figure 4a but for the ‘‘sea’’ category. (b) Same as in Figure 4b but for the ‘‘sea’’ category. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-raob-water-vapor-variability-mean-and-standard-2tlej1lb.png Table 7. RAOB Water Vapor Variability (Mean and Standard Deviation, STD) for Tropical, Midlatitude and High-Latitude Zones, and Corresponding Number of Samples Accepted by the Version 4.0 Emulationa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-temperature-rms-differences-for-different-2q5btnzh.png Figure 9. (a) Temperature RMS differences for different latitude zones: global (90 N–90 S, AIRS_PHYRET, solid squares), tropical (23 N–23 S, TROP_AIRS_PHYRET, solid circles), midlatitude (50 N–23 N; 50 S–23 S, MIDLAT_AIRS_PHYRET, open diamonds), and high-latitude (90 N–50 N; 90 S–50 S, HIGHLAT_AIRS_PHYRET, open circles) for the ‘‘all’’ category. (b) Water vapor RMS differences for different latitude zones: global (90 N–90 S, AIRS_PHYRET, solid squares), tropical (23 N–23 S, TROP_AIRS_PHYRET, solid circles), midlatitude (50 N–23 N; 50 S– 23 S, MIDLAT_AIRS_PHYRET, open diamonds), and high-latitude (90 N–50 N; 90 S–50 S, HIGHLAT_AIRS_PHYRET, open circles) for the ‘‘all’’ category. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-global-distribution-of-collocated-samples-and-2p6f2g7t.png Table 1. Global Distribution of Collocated Samples and Percentage of Samples Accepted by the AIRS Retrieval Version 4.0 Emulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-same-as-in-figure-4a-but-for-the-land-category-b-sm8z8asg.png Figure 5. (a) Same as in Figure 4a but for the ‘‘land’’ category. (b) Same as in Figure 4b but for the ‘‘land’’ category. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-raob-temperature-variability-mean-and-standard-25865vjd.png Table 6. RAOB Temperature Variability (Mean and Standard Deviation, STD) for Tropical, Midlatitude and High-Latitude Zones, and Corresponding Number of Samples Accepted by the Version 4.0 Emulation https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-autonomous-renewable-energy-hybrid-wind-s6m9a7wcw0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-o-m-costs-for-selected-technologies-36yhz6ef.png Table 6: O&M costs for selected technologies https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-assumed-additional-costs-for-deployment-w22cri5b.png Table 4: Assumed additional costs for deployment https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-initial-capital-cost-for-selected-technologies-hv1gnvu1.png Table 3: Initial capital cost for selected technologies https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-degradation-rates-for-selected-technologies-14bszpym.png Table 5: Degradation rates for selected technologies https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-battery-size-calculation-values-12hvg9zu.png Table 7: Battery size calculation values https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-levelised-cost-of-electricity-p-kwh-for-25kw-small-2jau89yq.png Table 8: Levelised Cost of Electricity (p/kWh) for 25kW small micro-grid near Dakar, Senegal https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-levelised-cost-of-electricity-p-kwh-for-25kw-small-2n7o9hsl.png Figure 5: Levelised Cost of Electricity (p/kWh) for 25kW small micro-grid near Dakar, Senegal https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-illustration-of-the-matlab-simulink-model-3mzti4e1.png Figure 1: Schematic illustration of the MATLAB/Simulink model https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-cryosat-sea-ice-products-instruments-and-dllk72p6ec 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-typical-5-km-long-hem-bird-thickness-profile-3uxbkttc.png Fig. 4. Typical 5 km long HEM Bird thickness profile. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-photograph-of-hem-bird-sounding-ice-tickness-258qcgge.png Fig. 3. Photograph of HEM Bird sounding ice tickness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-ground-based-em-thickness-profile-converted-2emqnmla.png Fig. 1. Typical ground-based EM thickness profile, converted into profiles of freeboard (dashed) and draft (solid). Sea level at Z = 0.00 m. Freeboard along the first 200 m of profile was obtained by surveying. Arrows indicate locations of melt ponds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-frequency-distribution-of-200-freeboard-measurements-3fnr0s1u.png Fig. 2. Frequency distribution of 200 freeboard measurements obtained by surveying of the first 200 m in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-ecological-state-space-models-using-the-45ki4kgr58 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlations-used-in-the-true-data-generating-model-2cyppatp.png Table 1 Correlations used in the true data generating model and estimation models 1–4. Model 1 is the correct model, whereas models 2–4 are falsely assuming no correlations among processes, observations, or both. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-area-overview-a-the-full-track-b-and-close-up-of-the-3uv24ii7.png Fig. 5 Area overview (A), the full track (B), and close-up of the last part of the track (C). Grey dots connected with dashed grey line: Observed locations. Black line: Estimated locations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-left-panel-prediction-residuals-against-time-outliers-106nwme2.png Fig. 6 Left panel: Prediction residuals against time. Outliers out of plotting range are indicated with tick marks on the bounding box. A bin smoother with weekly bins is added (red line) with 95% prediction intervals (dashed red line) and 95 % confidence intervals for the mean (red shaded region). Right panel: The sample auto-correlation of the residuals. Values above the dashed line are significantly different from 0 at the 95 % level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-results-from-the-toy-example-in-all-panels-cyan-2b7qrrvo.png Fig. 1 Results from the toy example. In all panels, cyan colours are used for the “correct” model M1 while red colours are used for the “incorrect” model M0. Top left: Time series of true states, observations, and estimated states. The insert shows a zoom-in. Top right: Naive residuals as time series and histogram. Bottom left: Standardised prediction residuals from (7). Bottom right: Normalized sampled process errors from (11). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-prediction-residuals-from-the-fitted-stochastic-ricker-kygxark3.png Fig. 4 Prediction residuals from the fitted stochastic Ricker map, plotted against the previous measurement. Included is a fitted parabola, based on assumed constant variance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-nonlinear-model-left-panel-simulated-measurements-3hls745y.png Fig. 3 The nonlinear model. Left panel: Simulated measurements. Right panel: The data generating deterministic map (dashed line) and the fitted model (thick line indicating median, grey zone indicating ± one standard deviation in log domain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-estimated-auto-correlation-of-prediction-residuals-for-1qmypcp0.png Fig. 2 Estimated auto-correlation of prediction residuals for models 1–4 (rows correspond to models) in the multivariate random walk example. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-true-estimated-parameters-aic-and-p-values-from-the-1icihpur.png Table 2 True/estimated parameters, AIC, and p-values from the Kolomogorov-Smirnov and Ljung-Box tests of the residuals https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-evolutionary-activity-metrics-for-long-term-4tfl9xs3dd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-summary-of-the-results-of-our-experiments-22ypqu2o.png Table 2: A summary of the results of our experiments validating the evolutionary activity statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-new-evolutionary-activity-diversity-mean-and-3rrd45u6.png Figure 1: Mean new evolutionary activity, diversity, mean and median cumulative evolutionary activity for the resetting fitness function with a mutation rate of 0.00001. Note the peaks in the cumulative evolutionary activity, corresponding to periods of persistence (presumably due to stasis in the fitness function). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-for-the-various-experiments-described-in-z6b8qkq7.png Table 1: Parameters for the various experiments described in section 3. https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-hanford-personnel-and-extremity-dosimeters-in-5euo7bi3om 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-neutron-dose-equivalent-rates-measured-at-the-213yc5ad.png Table 5.1. Neutron Dose Equivalent Rates Measured at the Phantoms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-measurement-locations-in-room-235a-3-33pf6nh8.png Figure 5.1. Measurement Locations in Room 235A-3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-results-of-bubble-detector-measurements-whole-body-1zze5aha.png Table C.1. Results of bubble detector measurements - whole body study https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-description-of-filtration-used-in-the-hanford-9tdm0sk3.png Table 3.1 Description of Filtration Used in the Hanford Standard Dosimeter (8825). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-4-comparison-of-tepc-results-and-dosimeter-results-d5i970n1.png Table 5.4 Comparison of TEPC Results and Dosimeter Results, Presented for each Phantom Face. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-3-summary-of-on-phantom-dosimeter-responses-10gkg333.png Table 5.3. Summary of on-Phantom Dosimeter Responses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-contd-3854v5sq.png Figure 3.4. Cont’d https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-description-of-the-filtration-used-in-the-hanford-1vsmymlz.png Table 3.2 Description of the Filtration Used in the Hanford Combination Neutron Dosimeter (8816) Component https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-icdpic-software-injury-severity-scores-using-a-4y045qth0w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-area-under-receiver-operating-curves-to-classify-29pa8kgb.png Table 4 Area under receiver-operating curves to classify serious head injury (AIS ≥3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-area-under-receiver-operating-characteristic-curves-2xvuk4zs.png Table 3 Area under receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUC) to classify serious injury (AIS ≥3) using International Classification of Diseases Program for Injury Categorisation (ICDPIC) https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-map-matching-algorithms-using-high-precision-240ebskk7o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-carrier-phase-and-integer-ambiguity-3e5btxk3.png Figure 1: Carrier-phase and integer ambiguity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-test-route-with-positions-after-mm-f4r4ktj9.png Figure 4 Test Route with Positions after MM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-horizontal-errors-of-positions-from-the-mm-results-2zl51s72.png Figure 8 Horizontal Errors of Positions from the MM results Relative to the Reference (truth) of the Vehicle Trajectory https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-errors-in-gps-and-gps-dr-heading-relative-to-the-2ccl56nm.png Figure 9 Errors in GPS and GPS/DR Heading Relative to the Truth Link Heading https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-horizontal-errors-of-stand-alone-gps-positions-1z6o1c9u.png Figure 7 Horizontal Errors of Stand-alone GPS Positions Relative to the Reference (truth) of the Vehicle Trajectory https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mm-results-and-the-truth-reference-for-a-particular-2vfspazp.png Figure 6 MM Results and the Truth Reference for a Particular Section of Test Route https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-determination-of-error-in-mm-2r364pzm.png Figure 2 Determination of Error in MM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-reference-trajectory-of-the-vehicle-from-gps-eo2k8mpo.png Figure 5 The Reference Trajectory of the Vehicle from GPS Carrier-phase Observables https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-lower-bound-estimates-for-compression-loaded-4xgkg0x1o8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cylinder-geometry-and-material-properties-208x4m5h.png Table 1. Cylinder geometry and material properties https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-predicted-and-measured-buckling-loads-314oasid.png Table 2. Predicted and measured buckling loads https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cylinder-geometry-and-coordinate-system-1hy4s9dk.png Figure 1. Cylinder geometry and coordinate system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-dic-measurements-of-radial-displacement-after-3jy6zzxn.png Figure 14. DIC measurements of radial displacement after local buckling in TA02 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-dic-measurements-of-radial-displacement-prior-to-rirayhui.png Figure 13. DIC measurements of radial displacement prior to local buckling in TA02 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lateral-perturbation-apparatus-l55zm743.png Figure 2. Lateral perturbation apparatus https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-axial-load-end-displacement-measurements-for-test-31b8s59z.png Figure 11. Axial load-end displacement measurements for test cases End Displacement, in. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-radial-displacement-end-displacement-measurements-1j7d580c.png Figure 12. Radial displacement-end displacement measurements for test cases https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-sentinel-3-sar-level-2-and-level-3-products-in-2rujuy4gp4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-plot-of-the-relationship-between-the-sea-qgh64c8z.png Figure 3. Schematic plot of the relationship between the sea surface height measured by satellite altimetry (SA), tide gauge (TG) and GNSS on the vessel (GNSS). Abbreviations meaning: SSH—instantaneous sea surface height, SLA—instantaneous sea-level anomaly, h—ellipsoidal height, N—geoid undulation, R—distance between the satellite and the sea surface, H—GNSS antenna height from the sea surface. At the tide gauge, the geoid undulation (N) approximately coincidences with the vertical datum zero N ≈mean sea surface height above ellipsoid. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-residual-differences-sshtg-between-the-sea-surface-rqcjlja2.png Figure 8. Residual differences (∆SSHTG) between the sea surface height of Sentinel-3 (SSHSA) and the geoid-based sea surface height (SSHTG) in the Gulf of Riga. The zero line denotes the reference SSHTG. Colored numbers indicate the corresponding cycle number for each satellite. Vertical bars represent the ±1σ standard deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-statistics-of-differences-between-the-sea-surface-upww8q1a.png Table 4. Statistics of differences between the sea surface height (∆SSHGNSS) derived from GNSS measurements (SSHGNSS) and sea surface height derived from altimetry (SSHSA) according to the Equation (6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-residual-differences-sshtg-between-the-sea-surface-1pqwutke.png Figure 7. Residual differences (∆SSHTG) between the sea surface height of Sentinel-3 (SSHSA) and the geoid-based sea surface height (SSHTG) in the Gulf of Finland. The zero line denotes the reference SSHTG. Coloured numbers indicate the corresponding cycle number for each satellite. Vertical bars represent the ±1σ standard deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-comparison-of-buoy-based-sea-level-measurements-3iwplwyl.png Figure 12. Comparison of buoy-based sea-level measurements (SLAbuoy) with (a) altimetry CMEMS Level 3 sea-level anomaly (SLAL3) and (b) NEMO reanalysis model (SLANEMO) in the Gulf of Riga (green circle in Figure 2). The red line is the linear regression between the two datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-example-of-the-effect-of-the-coastal-zone-on-2a1k6ddc.png Figure 4. An example of the effect of the coastal zone on Sentinel-3 data. S3A pass 186 cycles 40–51 sea surface height (SSHSA) was compared with the geoid-based sea surface height (SSHTG), Equation (5), in the Gulf of Riga. The grey and red lines indicate the coast and the distance (2 km) from the coast, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-overview-of-the-satellite-altimetry-missions-used-1kfgq20b.png Table 3. Overview of the satellite altimetry missions used *. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-overview-of-tide-gauges-figure-2-used-for-comparison-2gtucmgo.png Table 6. Overview of tide gauges (Figure 2) used for comparison with CMEMS products in the Baltic Sea. Comparison results (r and RMSE) between SLATG, SLAL3 and SLANEMO are shown in the last four columns. https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-reference-genes-for-gene-expression-studies-in-1yqpmzrlyg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-box-plot-comparison-of-threshold-cycles-ct-for-the-eva5y2of.png Figure 1. Box plot comparison of threshold cycles (Ct) for the four reference genes for samples of different stages in postembryonic development of honey bee workers. P value is given for each one of the four reference genes (One-Way ANOVA; Post-hoc: Holm-Sidak). Stages: second instar larvae (L2), fourth instar larvae (L4), fifth instar larvae in the feeding phase (F3), prepupa (PP1), pink-eyed pupae (Pp) and browneyed pupae with medium pigmented cuticle (Pbm). : represents mean value; * 1st percentile, and 99th percentile. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-descriptive-statistics-of-four-reference-genes-3reselgq.png Table II. Descriptive statistics of four reference genes calculated via BestKeeper. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relative-quantification-log-scale-of-two-2tj7s5ok.png Figure 4. Relative quantification (log scale) of two developmentally regulated genes in worker larvae and pupae. Expression levels of each of the two genes were calculated separately for each of the four reference gene. (A) Expression levels of a honey bee juvenile hormone esterase (jhe-like) and (B) of a prophenoloxidase (proPO). Each point in the graph represents the mean±S.E of three samples. Stages: second instar larva (L2), fourth instar larva (L4), fifth instar larva in the feeding phase (F3), prepupa (PP1), pink-eyed pupa (Pp) and brown-eyed pupa with medium pigmented cuticle (Pbm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-box-plot-comparison-of-threshold-cycles-ct-for-the-1h1z53bo.png Figure 3. Box plot comparison of threshold cycles (Ct) for the four reference genes in larvae following juvenile hormone treatment. P value is given for each one of the four reference genes (t-test). : represents mean value; * 1st percentile, and 99th percentile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-box-plot-comparison-of-threshold-cycles-ct-for-the-2p3hddz0.png Figure 2. Box plot comparison of threshold cycles (Ct) for the reference genes in different tissues of newly emerged queens. P value is given for each one of the four reference genes (One-Way ANOVA; Post-hoc: Holm-Sidak). Tissues: fat body (FB), ovary (Ov), brain (Br) and hemocytes (He). : represents mean value; * 1st percentile, and 99th percentile. https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-simulated-real-world-tcp-stacks-3kmg9a61fb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simulated-vs-measured-tcp-packet-loss-response-for-32ee74tu.png Figure 4: Simulated vs. measured TCP packet loss response for FreeBSD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simulated-vs-measured-tcp-packet-loss-response-for-1e5862c2.png Figure 5: Simulated vs. measured TCP packet loss response for Linux. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-emulation-network-rtt-measurements-33zo8ne8.png Table 1: Emulation network RTT measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-emulation-network-setup-qe5lodez.png Figure 1: Emulation network setup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simulation-scenario-for-random-loss-scenario-1pg199wy.png Figure 6: Simulation scenario for random loss scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulated-vs-measured-connection-establishment-2h4k77zr.png Figure 2: Simulated vs. measured connection establishment graphs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-tcp-goodput-vs-loss-rate-29yntvbt.png Figure 7: TCP goodput vs. loss rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-difference-vs-packet-number-for-freebsd-traces-yvevoly4.png Figure 3: Time difference vs. packet number for FreeBSD traces. https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-spent-fuel-dose-rate-calculations-using-nda-1w2e8w44yf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-origami-calculated-gamma-energy-spectra-207iqzmo.png Figure 2 Example of ORIGAMI calculated gamma energy spectra https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mcnp-f8-tally-results-for-modeled-detector-1-33-mev-196zn3zb.png Figure 6 MCNP F8 tally results for modeled detector 1.33 MeV relative efficiency comparison https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mcnp-calculated-gamma-dose-rates-from-the-25-pwr-1796lyfu.png Table 2 MCNP calculated gamma dose rates from the 25 PWR fuel assembly at the axial midpoint of the active fuel assembly and about 1 meter away from the closest surface https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-mcnp6-calculated-gamma-dose-rates-for-the-25-skb-czsjmhz5.png Figure 10: MCNP6 calculated gamma dose rates for the 25 SKB PWR fuel assemblies at the fuel center plane 1 meter away from the assembly surface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-mcnp-model-with-the-surface-tallies-facing-four-2xu3cg2h.png Figure 3 (a) MCNP model with the surface tallies facing four corners of the fuel assemblies. (b) Tallied gamma flux dispersion using both the simplified and original MCNP models for PWR1 In addition, Figure 3(b) shows the gamma flux dispersion (relative flux at each corner compared to the average) using both models. This dispersion along with the average static gamma fluxes indicate that the simplified MCNP model retains excellent agreement with the original MCNP models in terms of gamma transport through water. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mcnp-model-horizontal-cross-section-at-collimator-75quno6w.png Figure 5 MCNP model horizontal cross-section at collimator slit location. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mcnp-calculated-count-rates-at-each-peak-for-pwr1-19rznymf.png Table 1 MCNP calculated count rates at each peak for PWR1 and PWR2 fuel assemblies compared with the NDA data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-mcnp6-tallied-gamma-energy-spectrum-from-pwr1-u89he3vw.png Figure 8 (a) MCNP6 tallied gamma energy spectrum from PWR1 fuel assembly by the HPGe detector. (b) MCNP6 tallied detector counting rates from the PWR1 fuel assembly at each gamma energy peak. https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-the-ceredigion-youth-screening-tool-4cblwz804l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-standardized-factor-loadings-for-the-six-item-two-397njg97.png Table 1: Standardized Factor Loadings for the six-item two-factor structure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-offenders-and-non-offenders-in-each-3uada0vd.png Table 2: Percentage of offenders and non-offenders in each binary group for scale total and individual sub-scales. Both CYSTEM and ROF-subscale were significant at the .01 level (X²=6.52 & 7.25 respectively). https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-the-hadrian-system-using-an-atm-evaluation-5alhw95ljm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-comparison-of-the-orientation-of-the-wheelchair-to-1h3ihszy.png Table 2. A comparison of the orientation of the wheelchair to the ATM for each of the three studies performed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-reach-to-the-receipt-slot-of-the-atm-performed-in-13qaw84v.png Fig. 4. The reach to the receipt slot of the ATM performed in the three studies, from left to right, the SAMMIE study, user trials and HADRIAN analysis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-use-of-sammie-in-the-design-of-an-automobile-2tuqx9ie.png Fig 1. The use of SAMMIE in the design of an automobile interior (2007) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-coding-system-used-to-classify-the-postures-2w9hkitz.png Table 1. The coding system used to classify the postures exhibited by the HADRIAN sample members during the kitchen tasks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-examples-of-the-postures-adopted-during-kitchen-based-evurhqff.png Fig. 2. Examples of the postures adopted during kitchen based tasks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-classification-of-wheelchair-user-orientation-in-nglwz5b3.png Fig. 3. The classification of wheelchair user orientation in relation the ATM Each of these three orientation categories had a range of +/- 15 degrees from the positions shown in figure 3. https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-the-fsa-nutrient-profiling-system-dietary-4g0szuuk9i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-nutrient-intake-across-quartiles-of-fsa-nps-di-iokztbb3.png Table 2: Mean nutrient intake across quartiles of FSA-NPS DI, SU.VI.MAX study, N=5,8821 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pnns-guidelines-pnns-gs-and-adherence-to-individual-1434cazx.png Table 3: PNNS guidelines (PNNS-GS and adherence to individual recommendations) across quartiles of FSA-NPS DI, SU.VI.MAX study, N=5,8821,2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-serum-biomarkers-across-quartiles-of-fsa-nps-di-1h2kh13u.png Table 4: Mean serum biomarkers across quartiles of FSA-NPS DI, SU.VI.MAX study, N=5,8821,2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-demographics-and-lifestyle-factors-associated-with-39lrh989.png Table 5: Demographics and lifestyle factors associated with healthier FSA-NPS DI (Q1 versus Q2-Q4), SU.VI.MAX study, N=5,8821 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-participants-su-vi-max-study-1x73hvxm.png Table 1: Characteristics of the participants, SU.VI.MAX study (1994-1996), N=5,8821 https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-the-kinetic-model-for-predicting-the-44r0nvslu6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-c5mcfqpa.png TABLE II https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-observed-and-calculated-values-of-total-residual-37e6p7e0.png TABLE I Observed and Calculated Values of Total Residual Chlorine 25 Seconds after Chlorlnation at Quad Cities Nuclear Station https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-vibro-impact-force-models-by-numerical-t37dsnc3my 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-power-exponents-on-frequency-response-2fy940i6.png Figure 8: Comparison of power exponents on frequency response of the Power-law model (a) varying n and p = 3, (b) varying p and n = 4, and (c) varying p for the Modified Kelvin-Voigt model. Ṽ = 0.6 V. The arrows indicate how the frequency response changes as the value of each parameter increase. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fitted-model-parameters-11k6zd6a.png Table 1: Fitted model parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-setup-a-c-and-its-schematic-h2tcmd40.png Figure 1: Experimental setup (a,c) and its schematic representation (b,d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-parameter-analysis-of-modified-kelvin-voigt-model-1ivd0oj6.png Figure 12: Parameter analysis of Modified Kelvin-Voigt model varying (a) ωR, (b) βC and (c) p. The arrows indicate how the frequency response changes as the value of each parameter increase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-deflection-of-a-cantilever-beam-2vqsnh7c.png Figure 3: Deflection of a cantilever beam. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-elastic-and-dissipative-components-of-the-1vi9v1i6.png Figure 4: (a): Elastic and dissipative components of the piecewise linear impact force model (ωR = 7.278, βC = 0.258 and φC = 0.241). (b): Time series of elastic Kelvin-Voigt impact force together with q = Q sin(ϕ). (c): Normalized experimental data (red x’s) and curves of constant normalized contact duration (blue lines), the numbers on each curve represent the contact duration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-elastic-and-dissipative-components-of-modified-2j50d2sq.png Figure 6: Elastic and dissipative components of modified Kelvin-Voigt impact force model for q = Q sin(ϕ), ωR = 7.306, βC = 4.636, p = 1 and φC = 0.241. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-parameter-analysis-of-power-law-model-varying-a-or-22rq2vzg.png Figure 11: Parameter analysis of Power-law model varying (a) ωR, (b) βC , (c) n and (d) p. The arrows indicate how the frequency response changes as the value of each parameter increase. https://scispace.com/papers/validity-of-edgeworth-expansions-for-realized-volatility-mjpd2kjtxa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coverage-rate-of-nominal-95-g1s8q3s8.png Table 1. Coverage rate of nominal 95 % https://scispace.com/papers/validity-of-a-single-question-to-assess-habitual-physical-271tlcw1sw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-simultaneous-change-in-self-reported-physical-2r5h9mp1.png Table 4. Simultaneous change in self-reported physical activity (SR-PA) and walking difficulty over one or two years of follow-up (FU) for all participants (N=752-803), and participants stratified according to baseline (BL) SR-PA . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-baseline-characteristics-of-participants-reporting-uga6xhmg.png Table 2. Baseline characteristics of participants reporting at most light, moderate or regular physical activity (SR-PA) and correlation coefficients (N=848). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-change-in-life-space-mobility-score-standard-1kv3bfin.png Figure 1. Mean change in life-space mobility score (± standard deviation) over one (a) and two (b) years of follow-up among participant categorized by change in self-reported physical activity (SR-PA) and stratified by baseline SR-PA (BL; N=752-804). Group*time interaction effects from repeated measures ANOVA test are indicated in the figure. Change in SR-PA was based on PA3 variable (at most light vs. moderate vs. regular SR-PA). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-absolute-accelerometer-based-physical-activity-pa-2m3azp05.png Table 3. Absolute accelerometer-based physical activity (PA) variables among participants reporting at most light, moderate or regular physical activity (SR-PA) (N=174). https://scispace.com/papers/validity-of-resting-strain-strain-rate-in-prediction-of-55qkbozy67 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-viable-and-non-viable-segments-2vdnioj5.png Table 1 Distribution of Viable and Non-viable Segments: https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-resting-strain-values-in-individual-myocardial-18e1csgb.png Table 2 Resting Strain Values in Individual Myocardial Segments https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-resting-strain-rate-in-individual-myocardial-2vagr4ac.png Table 3 Resting Strain Rate in Individual Myocardial Segments https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cut-off-values-for-rls-for-viability-prediction-11eawkl8.png Table 4 Cut-off values for RLS% for Viability Prediction https://scispace.com/papers/validity-of-the-virtual-reality-stroop-task-vrst-in-active-ph7qdq0khj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-response-time-in-milliseconds-for-three-2yhij6fk.png TABLE 4 Average response time in milliseconds for three versions of the Stroop test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-the-average-response-times-for-three-3jxj135o.png Figure 1. Comparison of the average response times for three versions of the Stroop test (VRST, ANAM, and D-KEFS) (N = 49). VRST=Virtual Reality Stroop Task; ANAM=Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics; D-KEFS = DelisKaplan Executive Function System. https://scispace.com/papers/valine-to-cysteine-mutation-further-increases-the-oxygen-2587n8nc24 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-transient-exposure-to-co-on-the-catalytic-2p01h8ie.png Figure 3. Effect of transient exposure to CO on the catalytic current of Hyd-1 WT (black) and V78C (red). [CO] = 38 µM, E = 60 mV vs SHE, w = 3000 rpm, 1 bar H2, 40 C, pH 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-aerobic-inhibition-of-hyd-1-wt-black-and-v78c-red-3n5t90i1.png Figure 2. Aerobic inhibition of Hyd-1 WT (black) and V78C (red) Ec Hyd-1. The current was divided by the baseline to remove the effect of film loss and anaerobic inactivation. 17 The grey dashed line is the best fit of the model in eq. 1. 4 [O2] = 8 and 20 µM injected at 125 and 475 s respectively, E = +140 mV vs SHE, w = 3000 rpm, 1 bar H2, 40 C, pH 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overlay-of-the-structures-of-the-active-site-of-e-2djl6aqu.png Figure 1. Overlay of the structures of the active site of E. coli Hyd1 NiFe hydrogenase (yellow), E. coli Hyd-2 (pink) and D. fructosovorans Hyn (blue), together with the conserved V74/V78 residue, and the proximal [4Fe3S] cluster of Hyd-1. pdb accession codes 3UQY, 9 6EHQ 10 and 1YQW. 11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-steady-state-current-against-h2-from-1eemo6se.png Figure 4. Steady-state current against [H2] from chronoamperometry experiments with Hyd-1 WT (black) and V78C (red). The dotted lines mark the Michaelis constants. E = 60 mV vs SHE, w = 3000 rpm, T = 40 C, pH 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-the-v78c-mutation-on-the-anaerobic-1g4bxbef.png Figure 5. Effect of the V78C mutation on the anaerobic inactivation and reactivation of Hyd-1. Panel A: Cyclic voltammograms (thick lines, left axis) at 5 mV/s of Hyd-1 WT (black) and V78C (red) adsorbed at a rotating disk electrode and their second derivative (thin lines, right axis). The Esw values are indicated by dashed lines. Panel B: Influence of scan rate on Esw for Hyd-1 WT (black) and V78C (red). The slopes of the dashed lines are 85 and 89 mV/decade (V78C and WT, respectively). 26 1 bar H2, T = 40 C, mixed buffer pH 6. https://scispace.com/papers/valley-trion-dynamics-in-monolayer-mose2-2rpqy20wv5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-values-of-the-parameters-used-in-the-simulation-3po74e07.png TABLE I. The values of the parameters used in the simulation to fit the experimental data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-optical-image-of-a-cvd-mose2-monolayer-b-tals1eh6.png FIG. 1. (a) The optical image of a CVD MoSe2 monolayer. (b) Normalized PL spectra at various temperatures from 10 to 300 K. The spectra are shifted vertically for clarity. (c) PL spectra at 10 K with various pump fluences from 10 to 160 μJ/cm2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-schematic-of-the-pump-probe-experiment-b-266mv2y8.png FIG. 2. (a) The schematic of the pump-probe experiment. (b) Normalized pump-probe spectra with cross-circular (red circles) and cocircular (blue circles) polarizations at 10 K with a pump fluence of 80 μJ/cm2. The solid lines are fit to a biexponential decay function. The inset shows the spectra without normalization. (c) A zoom-in showing the rising slope. The dashed line is a Gaussian pulse with a duration [full width at half maximum (FWHM)] of 500 fs. The solid line is the normalized integration of the Gaussian pulse. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-normalized-pump-probe-spectrum-of-the-exciton-6lum61c8.png FIG. 4. (a) Normalized pump-probe spectrum of the exciton resonance at 10 K with a pump fluence of 100 μJ/cm2. The solid line is a fit to the biexponential decay function. (b) The extracted values of the time constants t1 and t2 at different pump fluences. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-normalized-pump-probe-spectra-obtained-at-10-k-with-2umppc6r.png FIG. 3. (a) Normalized pump-probe spectra obtained at 10 K with the pump fluences ranging from 10 to 160 μJ/cm2. The solid lines are fits to the biexponential decay function. (b) The extracted values of the time constant t1 at different pump fluences. (c) The extracted values of the time constat t2 at different pump fluences. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-the-energy-level-diagram-showing-the-exciton-and-2ucem1ip.png FIG. 5. (a) The energy-level diagram showing the exciton and trion decay channels. (b) The simulated trion decay dynamics for different pump fluences. https://scispace.com/papers/valloy-virtual-functions-meet-a-relational-language-3cg93v6gn7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-translated-alloy-specification-bplj38x0.png Fig. 3. Translated Alloy specification https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-valloy-specification-2kjqw3if.png Fig. 2. VAlloy specification https://scispace.com/papers/valorization-of-superabsorbent-polymers-from-used-disposable-2uywsev26y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-water-uptake-capacity-as-a-function-of-temperature-oyn2d3a1.png Figure 4. Water uptake capacity as a function of temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ftir-of-used-superabsorbent-polymer-3ksb1quj.png Figure 5. FTIR of used superabsorbent polymer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effect-of-sap-content-in-soil-3096ekwq.png Figure 7. Effect of SAP content in soil. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-swelling-ratio-as-function-of-time-for-used-sap-at-2tiefdp6.png Figure 1. Swelling ratio as function of time for used SAP at 25 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-different-amount-of-sap-wt-on-seed-3uti1r5d.png Table 2. Effect of different amount of SAP (wt%) on seed germination and seedling growth (15 days) of pumpkin (C. pepo). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-water-retention-capacity-at-different-values-of-ph-1bktpc7a.png Figure 2. Water retention capacity at different values of pH. https://scispace.com/papers/value-added-tax-and-inflation-a-graphical-and-statistical-v3774723qx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-uk-decreases-higher-rate-to-12-5-april-1976-cpi-3jzzfjac.png Figure 5. UK decreases higher rate to 12.5% April 1976: CPI change from same month prior year https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-uk-increases-vat-to-17-5-january-2010-cpi-change-3bx5kqpq.png Figure 9. UK increases VAT to 17.5% January 2010: CPI change from same month prior year https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-uk-introduces-vat-april-1973-cpi-change-from-same-35fb0wji.png Figure 1. UK introduces VAT April 1973: CPI change from same month prior year https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-uk-introduces-higher-rate-of-25-for-luxury-goods-skzog0mz.png Figure 4. UK introduces higher rate of 25% for Luxury Goods May 1975: CPI change from same month prior year Tables 4a&b. UK introduces higher rate of 25% for Luxury Goods May 1975: CPI and Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-uk-decreased-vat-to-15-december-2008-cpi-change-rt4ek6i9.png Figure 8. UK decreased VAT to 15% December 2008: CPI change from same month prior year https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-canada-decreases-gst-to-5-january-2008-cpi-change-14z7pomk.png Figure 12. Canada decreases GST to 5% January 2008: CPI change from same month prior year https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-uk-increases-vat-to-17-5-april-1991-cpi-change-from-24f2fvw7.png Figure 7. UK increases VAT to 17.5% April 1991: CPI change from same month prior year. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-canada-introduces-gst-january-1991-cpi-change-from-3j36cs8n.png Figure 2. Canada introduces GST January 1991: CPI change from same month prior year https://scispace.com/papers/value-analysis-of-engine-maintenance-scheduling-relative-to-56oxkqe3r8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-maintenance-cost-per-hour-3o1qexwv.png Figure 11. Maintenance cost per hour https://scispace.com/papers/value-chain-approaches-to-reducing-policy-spillovers-on-4tg156bbty 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-export-controls-and-medical-supplies-from-january-gyhr5de9.png Figure 4 Export controls and medical supplies from January to October 8, 2020. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-impact-of-heterogenous-standards-in-a-gvc-3afc3fcw.png Figure 2 Impact of heterogenous standards in a GVC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-global-value-chain-for-face-masks-39ksg10l.png Figure 1 Global value chain for face masks. https://scispace.com/papers/value-estimation-and-latent-state-update-related-neural-1sm98mcmjv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-brain-regions-associated-with-a-latent-state-belief-8pud4j4s.png Figure 3. Brain regions associated with A. latent-state belief updates and B. value estimations. Parameter-related neural activity that uniquely predicted PTSD symptom severity for C. latentstate updates and D. value estimations. L = left. Warm colors = positive z-values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameter-related-activity-uniquely-predictive-of-3742rqvt.png Table 4. Parameter-Related Activity Uniquely Predictive of Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale Severity https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regions-associated-with-trial-by-trial-associative-1jpvl52k.png Table 3. Regions Associated with Trial-by-Trial Associative Strength (V) during Stimulus Onset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-depiction-of-the-main-effects-of-encoding-during-3f0y0z7f.png Figure 4. Depiction of the main effects of encoding during trial-by-trial changes in A. latent-state beliefs (dB) and B. value estimation (V) for GLM model 1 (full model: dB, PE, V, and shock regressor included). https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-networks-associated-with-trial-by-trial-encoding-of-3eiunrzq.png Table 8. Networks Associated with Trial-by-Trial Encoding of Value Estimation (V) during Acquisition versus Extinction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-summed-akaike-information-criterion-aic-values-2gvmk9iw.png Figure 2. Summed Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) values across participants showing that the Latent State model outperformed the Rescorla Wagner and Hybrid models (note: lower AIC values reflect better model fit). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-regions-associated-with-trial-by-trial-value-255lf4ca.png Table 7. Regions Associated with Trial-by-Trial Value Expectation (V) During Stimulus Onset, Acquisition versus Extinction https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-v-related-activity-uniquely-predictive-of-clinician-br7fdh2x.png Table 9. V-Related Activity Uniquely Predictive of Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale Severity https://scispace.com/papers/value-of-knowledge-to-the-cleanup-stewardship-program-of-the-4vl191frkd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-of-s-t-needs-and-results-in-the-nonlinear-1p7nd70t.png Fig. 1. Flow of S&T needs and results in the nonlinear technology development process. https://scispace.com/papers/value-for-money-new-microeconometric-evidence-on-public-r-d-31vspz2g4z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-32n2rd2p.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ols-regression-testing-for-stability-of-treatment-2jvcyhtb.png Table 5: OLS regression testing for stability of treatment effect over time https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regression-on-the-treatment-effect-on-the-number-of-3fv3j1wh.png Table 6: Regression on the treatment effect on the number of supported projects https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-probit-estimation-only-for-innovative-firms-etvu9h5z.png Table 10: Probit estimation, only for innovative firms https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-matching-results-of-innovative-firms-only-igbpez19.png Table 11: Matching results, of innovative firms only https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-regression-of-treatment-effect-on-the-receipt-of-3iqpdwwr.png Table 9: Regression of treatment effect on the receipt of other subsidies (215 obs.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-instrumental-variable-regressions-using-full-sample-277bdud5.png Table 13: Instrumental variable regressions using full sample and subsample of innovators https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-matching-protocol-34y2psa2.png Table 1: The matching protocol https://scispace.com/papers/value-or-growth-strategy-empirical-evidence-in-brazil-4i2ioo6fcy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-univariate-regressions-from-profits-for-fundamental-3oojcexn.png Table 4 – Univariate regressions from profits for fundamental variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-profits-from-portfolios-based-on-fundamental-values-ndcf70g2.png Table 3 – Profits from portfolios based on fundamental values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-fundamental-variables-3ccd6gvq.png Table 1 – Descriptive statistics of fundamental variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-multivariate-regressions-from-profits-for-3gbgjcdz.png Table 5 – Multivariate regressions from profits for fundamental variables. https://scispace.com/papers/value-relevance-of-accounting-information-under-an-xsytnxapno 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-4qx99ohh.png Table 2 Summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-selection-6nl6kshi.png Table 1. Sample selection https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-matrix-2dsepvew.png Table 3. Correlations matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-additional-analysis-interaction-effects-of-22hhzwsi.png Table 5. Additional analysis: Interaction effects of accounting information and sustainability performance information under IR approach https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regressions-analyses-pre-vs-post-adoption-periods-1b83k1ia.png Table 4. Regressions analyses: Pre- vs post- adoption periods results https://scispace.com/papers/value-sensitive-hybrid-information-flow-control-for-a-3ijxg1j5ig 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-selected-hybrid-monitor-rules-1yx49fmh.png Fig. 4: Selected hybrid monitor rules https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relative-permissiveness-2455ww5k.png Fig. 1: Relative permissiveness https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-relative-permissiveness-39t3ixwb.png Fig. 8: Relative permissiveness https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-find-and-static-find-27iaxg02.png Fig. 5: Find and static find https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-declare-2ypwylf9.png Fig. 6: declare https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-syntax-2mgc319b.png Fig. 2: Syntax https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-selected-static-component-rules-9gsx71xx.png Fig. 7: Selected static component rules https://scispace.com/papers/valued-learning-experiences-of-early-career-and-experienced-3awc981f1k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rankings-of-the-means-for-perceived-developmental-9ooy7h34.png Table 2. Rankings of the Means for perceived developmental value of activities in the first two, middle two and most recent two years of the SCs’ careers (n = 9) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rankings-of-the-means-for-perceived-developmental-21ujyfh5.png Table 1. Rankings of the Means for perceived developmental value of activities in the first two, middle two and most recent two years of the MCs’ careers (n = 9) https://scispace.com/papers/values-and-proenvironmental-behavior-a-five-country-survey-4t35tstyhe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-values-attitudes-i-e-ac-and-ar-and-the-xyjh8wur.png Figure I-values, attitudes (i.e., AC and AR), and the multiplicative1 variables used to test the norm-activation model. First, the value scores were entered sequentially into the equation: self-transcendence (nature), self-transcendence (general), selfenhancement, openness, conservation. Next, the NEP scale (AC) scores and responses to the item about AR were entered into the equation. Following these variables, three two-way multiplicative variables (AC x Self-transcendence [nature], AR x Selftranscendence [nature], and AC x AR) were entered into the equation. Finally, the three-way (AC x AR x Self-transcendence https://scispace.com/papers/values-as-predictors-of-environmental-attitudes-evidence-for-2zylbjbabo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-new-environmental-paradigm-scores-across-countries-35o21znd.png FIGURE 1. New Environmental Paradigm scores across countries. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographic-characteristics-of-sample-from-each-3d7701cc.png TABLE 2 Demographic characteristics of sample from each country https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-value-items-from-schwart-z-values-instrument-273wg2vw.png TABLE 1 Value-items from Schwart'z values instrument https://scispace.com/papers/valuing-and-evaluating-marine-ecosystem-services-putting-the-3o22x1ynj2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-monetary-value-of-coral-reefs-all-1l3samxh.png Table 3. Comparison of monetary value of coral reefs. All values expressed in US$ ha-1 yr-1 (2005 equivalent) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-literature-survey-seagrass-meadow-3nrui35e.png Table 5. Results of literature survey: seagrass meadow valuation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-literature-survey-coral-reef-valuation-1uezvqrg.png Table 2. Results of literature survey: coral reef valuation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ecosystem-services-and-their-valuation-adapted-from-3rwh6yla.png Table 1. Ecosystem services and their valuation (adapted from MA 2003, Farber et al. 2006) https://scispace.com/papers/valuing-american-options-by-simulation-a-simple-least-131pl9xpzk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3nu2k1a1.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-presents-the-numerical-results-from-the-finite-11ee13vm.png Table 4 presents the numerical results from the finite difference and LSM valuation of the cancellation option on the underlying index amortizing swap. The value of the cancellation option is the difference between the value of the cancelable index amortizing swap and the underlying noncancelable index amortizing swap. The table reports the results for a range of different values of the fixed coupon paid 011the swap. The finite difference methodology is an implementation of a successive overrelaxation technique similar to that described in Press et al. (1992) .The finite difference algorithm uses 50 steps for X , 40 steps for Y , and 15 steps for I . The LSM algorithm is based on https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-forward-rate-european-28wbaxzd.png Table 6 Forward rate European -~ ~ https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3embooov.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-exercisetype-european-america11-european-american-1nqvmicm.png Table 5 Exercisetype European America11 European American European American Coupon ,0575 ,0575 ,0605 ,0605 ,0635 ,0635 Value ,739 2.577 1.529 3.278 2.711 4.204 Standard error ,011 ,018 ,016 ,020 ,021 ,022 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-7s7h67vq.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/valuing-farmland-with-multiple-quasi-fixed-inputs-j2rh8xzfv8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimates-of-land-labor-and-intermediate-capital-for-2l25tarn.png Table 1: Estimates of Land, Labor, and Intermediate Capital for U.S. (48 States) (1996-1999) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimates-of-land-labor-and-intermediate-capital-in-27jz3cht.png Table 3: Estimates of Land, Labor, and Intermediate Capital in Heartland Region (1996-1999) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-of-land-labor-and-intermediate-capital-by-3huksih8.png Table 2: Estimates of Land, Labor, and Intermediate Capital by Farm Typology, 1999 https://scispace.com/papers/valuing-inland-blue-space-a-contingent-valuation-study-of-16n5n5hqgx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-logistic-regression-models-for-determining-if-36wnqire.png Table 6: Logistic regression models for determining if respondent is willing to pay or not lakeside quality protection at Loch Lomond and Loch Leven https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-independent-variables-used-in-the-35csp9b5.png Table 1: Description of independent variables used in the modelling process https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-for-sociodemographic-2h43imd6.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics for sociodemographic information: Loch Lomond (n = 534) and Loch Leven (n = 522) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-responses-to-statement-based-questions-1-spending-time-3q4bl7tv.png Fig. 3: Responses to statement based questions: (1) Spending time near water such as the sea, coasts, rivers lochs, lakes, canals etc.) can play an important role in improving health and well-being; (2) I believe that the conservation and protection of lochs is important for wildlife in Scotland; (3) I believe that lochs are important for attracting tourists to Scotland; and (4) I believe that lochs are important elements of Scotland's national identity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-wtp-for-the-protection-of-lakeside-asfuofu6.png Table 5: Summary of WTP for the protection of lakeside quality https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-visualisation-managed-1-and-unmanaged-2-1dgebz3u.png Fig. 2: Example of visualisation: Managed (1) and unmanaged (2) lake views at Loch Lomond https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-maps-of-loch-lomond-a-and-loch-leven-b-288lzbge.png Fig. 1: Maps of Loch Lomond (A) and Loch Leven (B) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-responses-to-policy-1-and-payment-2-consequentiality-24p9qo06.png Fig. 4: Responses to policy (1) and payment (2) consequentiality questions: (1) How confident are you that the new Lochside Management Plan for Loch Leven will be carried out? (2) How confident are you, that if the new Lochside Management Plan for Loch Leven goes ahead, that your income tax would rise to help pay for it? https://scispace.com/papers/valuing-jobs-via-retirement-european-evidence-yyy86mgu9l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-analysis-of-the-change-in-well-being-on-du117ryb.png Table 3. Regression Analysis of the Change in Well-Being on Retirement: BHPS, Waves 1-15. https://scispace.com/papers/valuing-flexibility-the-case-of-an-integrated-gasification-e8tcydpv0c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-resulting-values-mflffo0f.png Table 2. Resulting values https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-value-of-an-igcc-plant-3jr9ljo1.png Table 9. Value of an IGCC Plant https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-trigger-price-s-as-a-function-of-k-k-v-s-i-s-s-18mvaezi.png Table 4. Trigger price S∗ as a function of k k V (S)− I(S) S∗ https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-igcc-critical-curve-at-t-t-gas-price-ac-gj-coal-jrwywij9.png Table 11. IGCC Critical curve at t = T Gas price (AC/GJ) Coal price (AC/GJ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-value-of-the-option-to-wait-igcc-plant-2dwvuiwk.png Table 12. Value of the option to wait (IGCC plant) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-border-of-continuation-areas-when-choosing-between-8cie3s1q.png Figure 5: Border of Continuation areas when choosing between alternatives at time T. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-border-of-continuation-areas-without-choosing-3swunhst.png Figure 4: Border of Continuation areas without choosing between alternatives at time T. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-border-of-continuation-areas-when-selecting-between-1wx1kny2.png Figure 6: Border of Continuation areas when selecting between alternatives with option to wait for two years. https://scispace.com/papers/valuing-multifactor-real-options-using-an-implied-binomial-kxeef97sa8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-real-options-value-by-different-approaches-1wpqaqzs.png Table 2: Real Options Value by Different Approaches https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-probabilities-of-choosing-options-1dyogf90.png Table 3: Probabilities of Choosing Options https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-base-case-expected-cash-flow-for-the-project-3r9mfoza.png Table 1: Base Case (Expected Cash Flow for the Project) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-risk-neutral-distribution-of-year-10-2nq1u4i2.png Figure 1: Risk Neutral Distribution of Year 10 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-real-options-value-by-different-approaches-and-2b4zyi8i.png Table 4: Real Options Value by Different Approaches and Probabilities of Choosing Options https://scispace.com/papers/valuing-of-altruism-and-honesty-in-nursing-students-a-two-4f7lx8tw0r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-keeping-the-truth-about-an-illness-from-a-patient-312j6d34.png Figure 3 Keeping the truth about an illness from a patient ought to be considered unprofessional, 1983 and 2005 whole sample responses. https://scispace.com/papers/valuing-school-quality-via-school-choice-reform-2k79u1x3cj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-high-school-locations-and-zones-and-elementary-and-7y7o14f6.png Figure 1 High School Locations and Zones and Elementary and Secondary Catchment Boundaries in Oslo, Pre-Reform https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-school-grades-pre-reform-85y1u9vq.png Figure 2 School Grades Pre-Reform https://scispace.com/figures/table-4a-catchment-area-fixed-effects-model-pre-reform-36e9uu0b.png Table 4a Catchment Area Fixed Effects Model – Pre-Reform Grades https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pre-and-post-reform-differenced-model-2tqifcb5.png Table 3 Pre- and Post-Reform Differenced Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-residential-mobility-catchment-area-fixed-effects-2dwsx45y.png Table 6 Residential Mobility, Catchment Area Fixed Effects Model – Pre-Reform Grades https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-before-and-after-school-3elartl1.png Table 1 Descriptive Statistics, Before and After School Choice Reform https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proportion-of-pupils-attending-high-school-in-their-2kho8vqf.png Table 2 Proportion of Pupils Attending High School in Their Zone of Residence, Before and After School Choice Reform https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-extensions-to-pre-and-post-reform-differenced-model-xoom8ax1.png Table 5 Extensions to Pre- and Post-Reform Differenced Model https://scispace.com/papers/vamos-verification-of-autonomous-mission-planning-on-board-a-qsoe1rlznk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-creation-of-a-new-timeline-extension-2p7v3yqf.png Fig. 4: Creation of a new timeline extension https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-activation-of-first-timeline-alternative-with-new-32sbv6td.png Fig. 3: Activation of first timeline alternative with new propagation of respective resource profile https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-true-and-propagated-value-at-decision-ixzqxcpq.png Fig. 2: Comparison of true and propagated value at decision time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-creation-of-a-telemetry-check-for-new-timeline-1v6c657t.png Fig. 5: Creation of a telemetry check for new timeline extension 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-activation-of-obette-created-timeline-extension-132445zf.png Fig. 6: Activation of OBETTE created timeline extension https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-calculation-of-resource-condition-2e40rnoj.png Fig. 7: Calculation of resource condition https://scispace.com/papers/vanishing-quasiparticle-density-in-a-hybrid-al-cu-al-single-1l96btff8a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-large-scale-electron-micrograph-of-a-9oxu5trt.png FIG. 1. (Color online) (a) Large scale electron micrograph of a sample showing the electrical connections to the active region in the middle. Portions of the ground plane, covered by an insulating AlOx layer of 25 nm thickness, are also visible. (b) Active area of one of the measured samples, consisting of two Al/AlOx /Cu/AlOx /Al SETs that are coupled capacitively by a Cr wire located underneath the insulating layer. Arrows illustrate the monitored in- and out-tunneling events at the lower SET (green and red, respectively), and the macroscopic electrometer current (yellow) in a configuration where the upper SET is used as the electrometer. Shadow-evaporated leads terminate at ohmic Au/Al contacts beginning 10 μm away from the junctions (not shown). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-measured-width-of-the-coulomb-staircase-1ysryay6.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) Measured width of the Coulomb staircase steps as a function of bath temperature for different bias voltages of the DUT. (b) Observed zero-bias tunneling rates at base temperature for different detector currents, and a linear fit to the data. The plotted current is the mean value of the detector trace from which the transition rate was determined. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-bandwidth-corrected-single-electron-qibh1swq.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Bandwidth-corrected single-electron tunneling rates as a function of Vds at charge degeneracy measured in different setups at base temperature: PT (18 mK, open upward triangles), PDR1 (50 mK, open circles), and PDR2 (50 mK, open squares). For PDR1, data from higher temperatures is also given: 131 mK (filled stars) and 158 mK (filled diamonds). All these measurements were performed with the same sample employing Au/Al contacts for quasiparticle trapping. The two thin solid lines represent thermally activated rates calculated for the known sample parameters at 158 mK and 135 mK. The dashed line is the theoretical rate for γ = 1.6 × 10−7 at TS = TN = 50 mK, and the horizontal thick line represents the rate induced by nqp = 0.033 μm−3. Open downward triangles: Base temperature data from a reference sample without Al/Au contacts measured in PDR1. For ease of comparison, tunneling rates from the reference sample have been scaled by the ratio of junction conductances GL+GR https://scispace.com/papers/vapor-pressure-and-specific-electrical-conductivity-in-the-369et3rqk5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-details-of-measurements-of-specific-electrical-1ius1ysh.png Figure 12. Details of measurements of specific electrical conductivity of CsH2PO4 (cell 1). We estimate that water has escaped from the condensed phase to form a CDP-CsPO3 mixture of molar ratio CDP : CsPO3 = 98.17 : 1.83 at e.g. 300 °C (see Table 2). Dashed lines with arrows indicate the progression of the measurements, starting with the filled triangles and then heating with the open ones. The length and position of the dashed lines indicate the segment, which was used for fitting. Solid lines show the fitting lines given in Table 3 for the molten (t > 345 °C) and the solid (t < 345 °C) regimes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-typical-spectra-illustrating-the-principle-of-raman-3swpwbu0.png Figure 5. Typical spectra illustrating the principle of Raman spectroscopic quantitative determination of water (to the right) in sealed ampoules with nitrogen (to the left) or methane (in the middle) as reference gasses. The spectra were recorded with a 532 nm green laser under carefully experimental settings of the spectrometer to let accurate band areas, Swater and Sreference https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-lines-to-estimate-the-water-vapor-pressure-over-the-1ajxok4v.png Figure 9. Lines to estimate the water vapor pressure over the condensed “CDP” phases in the conductivity cells. The estimation was based on assumed equilibrium in the cells and the ideal gas law. The vapor pressures p for the formal mole ratio CsPO3 / H2O = 1.0 (CsH2PO4) or 2.0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-x-ray-powder-diffraction-data-on-csh2po4-cu-ka-1u1nz84e.png Figure 4. X-ray powder diffraction data on CsH2PO4 (Cu-Kα radiation, λ = 1.54056 Å). Black curve: Result of our synthesized CDP. Blue curve: Calculated diagram for P21/m CDP phase II at room temperature, obtained by use of the “CCDC Mercury program” from www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk, based on single crystal data from the ICSD (Inorganic Crystal Structure Database) FIZ Karlsruhe, compound no. 200895 (originally published by Matsunaga et. al. [66]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-measured-conductivity-data-open-circles-for-pure-252b42ah.png Figure 10. Measured conductivity data (open circles) for pure CDP in cell 1 under its own vapor pressure (from approximately 2 to 49 bar) corresponding to CsPO3/H2O mole ratios from 1.000 to 1.0733 in the temperature range of 25-400 °C, deduced from Table 2. The data are compared with previously published data for CDP from Ponomareva et al. [32], [36], [40], [113]-[114], Qing et al. [43], Jensen et al. [41], Ikeda et al. [69], Lavrova et al. [78], Martsinkevich et al. [115], Taninouchi et al. [47], Hatori et al. [116], Muroyama et al. [34], Haile et al. [12], Baranov et al. [7]-[9], [112], Otomo et al. [4], [26], and Ortiz et al. [51], [52]. Coordinates for each literature point were read manually pixel by pixel from expanded plots relatively to the axis values by use of the open source GIMP 2.9.6 software (GNU Image Manipulation Program designed for the GNU Operating System from the Free Software Foundation, Inc. in Boston, MA, USA). The “superprotonic” area of this plot is the upper left quarter where the temperature is above 228 °C and the conductivity above 0.02 S cm-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-specific-electrical-conductivity-measured-vs-33y1mvgg.png Figure 15. Specific electrical conductivity measured vs. temperature for cell 2, a CDP-H2O mixture of an estimated molar ratio CDP : H2O at 300 °C of 88.88 : 11.12 (see Table 2). Solid lines represent linear fittings (Table 3). Dashed arrows indicate how progression of measurements went on. The reason for the dip in conductivity at the melting point is not known. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-differential-scanning-calorimetry-plot-for-pure-rrjt906i.png Figure 3. Differential Scanning Calorimetry plot for pure CsH2PO4 in a hermetically closed goldplated crucible containing 22 mg of the compound in air. Heating rate 1 °C/min. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-vapor-pressure-data-from-ampoules-with-pure-csh2po4-31agmfhd.png Table 1. Vapor Pressure Data from ampoules with pure CsH2PO4, an electrolysis cell and a cell with CsH2PO4:CsPO3 = 50% mol: 50%mol (presumably CsH2PO4 saturated with CsPO3 at the temperature). https://scispace.com/papers/varanus-in-situ-monitoring-for-large-scale-cloud-systems-1yrkd4a639 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-message-rates-in-monitoring-architectures-2ox7pycs.png Fig. 2. Message rates in monitoring architectures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-inter-and-intra-cloud-communication-model-w9y2wzjd.png Fig. 1. Inter and Intra Cloud Communication Model https://scispace.com/papers/vapor-space-and-liquid-air-interfacecorrosion-tests-a4w7s9d2am 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analyses-of-specimen-f5-solutions-1rlvzzwk.png Table 2. Analyses of Specimen F5 Solutions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-analyses-of-specimen-f6-solutions-2gsykyw9.png Table 3. Analyses of Specimen F6 Solutions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-condensate-collection-cell-on-hot-plate-b-2nx9b6i2.png Figure 1. (a) Condensate collection cell on hot plate. (b) Configuration of steel sheet The sheet specimens were cut by wire electro-discharge machining from 1-inch-thick https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-zero-resistance-ammeter-measurement-apparatus-3nzpm39a.png Figure 4. Zero-resistance ammeter measurement apparatus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-zra-current-measurements-from-three-tests-in-a-0-5-2cowgr8e.png Figure 7. ZRA current measurements from three tests in a 0.5 M nitrate, 0.1 M nitrite solution. Positive current indicates corrosion of the meniscus specimen; negative current indicates corrosion of the bulk specimen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-open-circuit-potentials-in-volts-versus-ag-agcl-for-3bkdevmw.png Figure 6. Open circuit potentials in volts versus Ag/AgCl for 3 replicates of the meniscus solution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-simulated-waste-solution-for-110wyzyt.png Table 1. Composition of Simulated Waste Solution for Condensate Tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-astm-a285-steel-specimen-f5-before-exposure-in-32ud39hl.png Figure 2. (a) ASTM A285 steel specimen F5 before exposure in the condensate cell and (b) after exposure. https://scispace.com/papers/vapor-pressures-and-heats-of-vaporization-of-primary-coal-3qv5b58dlf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-21-comparison-of-vapor-pressures-of-four-aromatic-2i78q4n3.png Figure C.21. Comparison of vapor pressures of four aromatic compounds. [data from Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-9-effusion-method-applied-to-solid-pentacene-2j7dbr0g.png Figure B.9. Effusion method applied to solid pentacene. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-4-effusion-method-applied-to-solid-coronene-the-vvabs7bo.png Figure C.4. Effusion method applied to solid coronene. The effusion method was used by J.J. Murray and N. Wakayama. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-d-4-effusion-method-applied-to-levoglucosan-384ugf48.png Figure D.4. Effusion method applied to levoglucosan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-d-13-vapor-pressure-of-fresh-cellulose-tar-and-2ajtvjkc.png Figure D.13. Vapor pressure of "fresh" cellulose tar and levoglucosan as a function of temperature. Solid points-fresh cellulose tar; open points-cellulose after exposure to 155°C; crosses-levoglucosan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-d-12-effusion-data-for-cellulose-tars-and-yjgr0n8q.png Figure D.12. Effusion data for cellulose tars and levoglucosan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-9-effusion-method-applied-to-solid-1-hydroxypyrene-96aanmn6.png Figure C.9. Effusion method applied to solid 1-hydroxypyrene. Data for pyrene are shown for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-35-comparison-of-the-equation-c-2-and-the-unger-2qfuaimk.png Figure C.35. Comparison of the equation {C.2} and the Unger-Suuberg correlation {A.1} with pure compound boiling point data at a pressure of 760 torr. https://scispace.com/papers/varentropy-decreases-under-the-polar-transform-1d96lusaqz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-3he1nfo9.png TABLE II https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-variance-and-covariance-of-entropy-for-bec-under-polar-1kbki47r.png Fig. 2. Variance and covariance of entropy for BEC under polar transform. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-variance-and-covariance-of-entropy-for-bsc-under-polar-3tnqb2gn.png Fig. 1. Variance and covariance of entropy for BSC under polar transform. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-gives-a-sketch-of-the-varentropy-and-covariance-terms-3qfextge.png Fig. 1. Variance and covariance of entropy for BSC under polar transform. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-vjqp4ffc.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/papers/variability-across-the-arm-sgp-area-by-temporal-and-spatial-2qusji6zqd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-2000-iop-frequency-of-avg-abs-difference-3tdmlqa7.png Figure 8. 2000 IOP frequency of avg. abs. difference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-2000-iop-sky-cover-for-sgp-area-3n3ut9gj.png Figure 9. 2000 IOP sky cover for SGP area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-same-as-figure-15-abut-for-1997-iop-1u6pt1h3.png Figure 16. Same as Figure 15, abut for 1997 IOP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-same-as-figure-3-but-for-2000-iop-q2ajimlx.png Figure 4. Same as Figure 3, but for 2000 IOP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-19970629-sky-cover-correlation-2d8m80ox.png Figure 17. 19970629 sky cover correlation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-same-as-figure-9-but-for-cloud-effect-15pfpdgh.png Figure 10. Same as Figure 9, but for cloud effect. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sgp-surface-sites-by-lat-long-2oxsr63z.png Figure 1. SGP surface sites by lat/long. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-analysis-grid-box-sizes-20azxsej.png Figure 2. Illustration of analysis grid box sizes. https://scispace.com/papers/variability-and-changes-to-the-mean-meridional-circulation-4mm07zrxa0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-as-in-fig-8-expect-for-the-characteristics-of-the-mtgy7l6d.png Fig 9 As in Fig. 8, expect for the characteristics of the transient updraft (TU): a its NH position, 1024 b NH mass transport, c SH position and d SH mass transport. Positive values mean stronger 1025 mass transport 1026 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-contours-of-seasonal-means-of-the-full-isentropic-3vnjdovu.png Fig 3 Contours of seasonal means of the full isentropic streamfunction (109 kg s-1) with 984 negative (counterclockwise) contours dashed. Contour values as in Fig. 1. Shading represents 985 linear trends in (109 kg s-1 decade-1) from 1979–2017 that are statistically significant at the 986 90% level; thin grey lines enclose regions of significant trends. The purple and red lines 987 represent the location of the average tropopause and the median surface potential temperature, 988 respectively 989 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-composite-steady-for-pre-1994-a-volcanic-and-b-non-37eauwkp.png Fig 10 Composite steady for pre-1994 a volcanic and b non-volcanic years. Specific years 1030 are annotated in green on these panels. Contours are as in Fig. 1. c Composite VMT profiles at 1031 320 K for (blue) volcanic and (red) non-volcanic composite plots 1032 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-vertical-mass-transport-vmt-profiles-109-kg-s-1-in-3jlpmjhw.png Fig 2 The vertical mass transport (VMT) profiles (109 kg s-1) in MAM 2014: a at 320K for the 976 steady and b at 300 K for the transient fields. Thin lines represent the unsmoothed values; thick 977 lines are the values with a 7-point smoothing applied (10.5° latitude). Red and blue hatching 978 represents regions of upward and downward motion, respectively. Vertical arrows represent 979 the position of seven key indicators as defined in the text, while TMT presents the total mass 980 transport (109 kg s-1). See Table 1 for notations 981 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-composite-vmt-profiles-at-300-k-for-blue-high-vmt-305jul6l.png Fig 11 a Composite VMT profiles at 300 K for (blue) high-VMT years (1979–1994, 2010–11, 1035 2014) and (red) low-VMT years (1997–2009, 2012–13). b Contours are the transient composite 1036 for the high-VMT years, with contours as in Fig. 1, while shading represents the difference in 1037 transient between low-VMT and high-VMT years. Values and sign given by inset legend. 1038 See text for further discussion 1039 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-as-in-fig-3-except-for-the-transient-component-of-995-2xp812vt.png Fig 5 As in Fig. 3, except for the transient component of 995 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-seasonal-trends-in-the-a-position-deg-latitude-decade-398jt4xv.png Fig 7 Seasonal trends in the a position (° latitude decade-1) and b intensity (109 kg s-1 decade-1007 1) of the vertical branches of the meridional circulation. Positive (negative) trend in intensity 1008 indicates an intensification (weakening) of the branch (either upward or downward). Larger 1009 symbols with/without black edges indicate statistical significance at 95/90 % level and colours 1010 are for each season 1011 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-composite-vmt-profiles-at-300-k-for-blue-high-vmt-37vu3vkn.png Fig 11 a Composite VMT profiles at 300 K for (blue) high-VMT years (1979–1994, 2010–11, 1035 2014) and (red) low-VMT years (1997–2009, 2012–13). b Contours are the transient composite 1036 for the high-VMT years, with contours as in Fig. 1, while shading represents the difference in 1037 transient between low-VMT and high-VMT years. Values and sign given by inset legend. 1038 See text for further discussion 1039 https://scispace.com/papers/variability-impact-of-many-design-parameters-the-case-of-a-3n3px2q72m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-of-the-node-to-node-bus-under-study-top-and-5t4fih0r.png Fig. 3. Schematic of the node-to-node bus under study. Top and Bottom vias are represented as LC circuits with values specified in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-high-level-diagram-of-the-node-to-node-bus-under-study-57ktwmh6.png Fig. 2. High-level diagram of the node-to-node bus under study. The main electronic link goes from driver to receiver, while the loads 1-4 represent side circuits that may be affected by crosstalk. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-computation-of-the-q2-coefficient-of-the-sparse-pc-3tw7vgtv.png Fig. 5. Computation of the Q2 coefficient of the sparse PC metamodel in the frequency band [1 MHz - 1 GHz]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-representation-of-the-crosstalk-transfer-function-h11-2sd4prbm.png Fig. 6. Representation of the crosstalk transfer function H11 in the frequency band [1 MHz - 1 GHz] estimated by the sparse PC metamodel MP C (circles) and the numerical model M (solid line) from three MC realizations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pdf-of-the-crosstalk-transfer-function-h11-obtained-by-55e16vls.png Fig. 7. PDF of the crosstalk transfer function H11 obtained by sparse PC (red dashed-line) and by MC simulation (blue solid line) at the frequencies of (a) 10 MHz and of (b) 912 MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-hyperbolic-truncation-strategy-for-3184cruz.png Fig. 1. Illustration of the hyperbolic truncation strategy for k = 1 and k = 0.5 in blue and pink points, respectively [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-maximum-values-over-the-frequency-band-1-mhz-1-ghz-of-3my3i24a.png Fig. 8. Maximum values over the frequency band [1 MHz - 1 GHz] of total Sobol indices of the crosstalk transfer function H11. The red dashed-line represents the selected 5% threshold for parameters impact. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-impact-of-a-variation-of-the-dielectric-relative-3vyzl06c.png Fig. 10. Impact of a variation of the dielectric relative permittivity r (top), the substrate thickness h (middle), and the trace-to-trace separation dC1 of the coupled line C1 (bottom) on the crosstalk transfer function H11. https://scispace.com/papers/variability-in-clinical-phenotype-of-severe-haemophilia-the-58xvkdt3dv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-age-at-first-joint-bleed-for-patients-born-1968-2002-3f7f9my1.png Fig. 1. Age at first joint bleed for patients born 1968–2002. Median age at first joint bleed was 1.8 years [range: 0.2–5.8s, interquartile range (IQR): 1.1–2.7]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-clinical-phenotype-of-severe-ouhdn3bq.png Table 1. Characteristics of clinical phenotype of severe haemophilia according to year of birth. Year of birth 1968–1985 (n ¼ 91) 1985–2002 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pettersson-score-and-age-according-to-the-age-at-first-2xrcx2hm.png Fig. 3. Pettersson score and age according to the age at first joint bleed. Pettersson score and age were plotted according to the age at first joint bleed for the oldest age group. Patients who experienced their first joint bleed early tend to have more arthropathy than patients who experienced their first joint bleed late (P ¼ 0.08). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-annual-clotting-factor-use-and-age-according-to-the-3cg92thk.png Fig. 2. Annual clotting factor use and age according to the age at first joint bleed. Annual clotting factor use and age were plotted according to the age at first joint bleed for the oldest age group. Patients who experience their first joint bleed early (£1.8 years) tend to have a higher annual clotting factor use in later years than patients who experience their first joint bleed late (>1.8 years; P < 0.01). https://scispace.com/papers/variability-in-its1-and-its2-sequences-of-historic-herbaria-1rk9k5f2ve 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-389b9hlk.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1tt8jqm5.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fpilbl2m.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/variability-in-lung-deposition-of-inhaled-drug-within-and-4qhs0b5sbd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-inter-and-intravariability-in-lung-deposition-of-1p6r6bbw.png Table 2 Inter- and intravariability in lung deposition of terbutaline inhaled via pMDI or Turbuhalera https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lung-deposition-percentage-of-nominal-metered-dose-1jjw7ayy.png Table 1 Lung deposition (percentage of nominal metered dose) after inhalation of terbutaline sulphate via pMDI or Turbuhaler in the asthmatic patients group https://scispace.com/papers/variability-in-prior-expectations-explains-biases-in-84gqflebyt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-human-biases-on-isoconfidence-lines-are-explained-3w0al44x.png Figure 6. Human biases on isoconfidence lines are explained by the prior optimism level measured in gameplay. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-bandit-gambling-task-the-figure-shows-the-1x5ezpzg.png Figure 1. The bandit gambling task. The figure shows the structure of one experimental block. Each block consisted of 16 trials. In the middle of some of the blocks participants were required to report which machine had the higher nominal payoff and to provide a continuous report between 0 and 1 for the confidence in that decision. Each participant played 45 blocks in which confidence was reported. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-human-range-of-choice-behaviors-is-accounted-5y02uz6l.png Figure 2. The human range of choice behaviors is accounted for solely by the prior optimism level. “Average persistence per block” corresponds to the proportion of trials in which a machine is chosen immediately after a noreward trial in that machine. “Average reward per block” is the proportion of trials in which a reward was obtained. Each https://scispace.com/papers/variability-in-submaximal-self-paced-exercise-bouts-of-27ftdzpdg8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-expired-gas-response-during-rpe-clamped-exercise-1k5u8oqe.png Table 3 - Expired gas response during RPE-clamped exercise bouts showing mean data, 729 standard deviation, and coefficients of variation. 730 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relative-power-output-cardiovascular-and-expired-gas-3gi63rpl.png Table 2 - Relative power output, cardiovascular, and expired gas response during RPE-724 clamped exercise bouts showing mean data, standard deviation, and coefficients of variation. 725 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-power-output-and-cardiovascular-response-during-rpe-260x0b13.png Table 1 - Power output and cardiovascular response during RPE-clamped exercise bouts 719 showing mean data, standard deviation, and coefficients of variation. 720 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-muscle-oxygenation-response-during-rpe-clamped-bwffjqbu.png Table 4 - Muscle oxygenation response during RPE-clamped exercise bouts showing mean 734 data, standard deviation, and coefficients of variation. 735 https://scispace.com/papers/variability-in-spine-radiosurgery-treatment-planning-results-85qnzobtfs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-mean-of-doses-and-volumes-to-prv-sc-consensus-2a4w481y.png Table 7 Mean of doses and volumes to PRV_SC-Consensus https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-detailed-patient-status-parameters-y5kng232.png Table 1 Detailed patient status parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-b-maximum-planning-risk-volume-spinal-cord-prv-sc-39ermt29.png Fig. 4 a/b Maximum planning risk volume spinal cord (PRV_SC) doses to PTV minimum doses and dose to 0,1ccm of spinal cord to PTV D98 for all cases and institutions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-performance-parameters-rtog-coverage-for-all-analyzed-yygzxb04.png Fig. 5 Performance parameters RTOG coverage for all analyzed plans. Abbreviation: results of case 1–4 with consensus (c) and individual (i) plans https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-mean-performance-parameters-for-all-cases-1ia7s9kz.png Table 8 Mean performance parameters for all cases https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representative-slices-from-t2-weighted-mr-images-of-ia69nio0.png Fig. 1 Representative slices from T2 weighted MR images of all patient cases. Case 1,3,4 are presented in axial view and case 2 in sagittal view https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-normal-tissue-constraints-di7rmlv8.png Table 2 Normal tissue constraints https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-performance-parameters-ci-paddick-for-all-analyzed-249twf0m.png Fig. 6 Performance parameters CI-Paddick for all analyzed plans https://scispace.com/papers/variability-of-alkalinity-and-the-alkalinity-salinity-5byav128xr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-schematic-of-the-ta-s-relationship-in-coastal-2ihcyvsn.png Figure 8. Schematic of the TA-S relationship in coastal systems with (a) two river end-members R1 and R2; (b, c) one river end-member R and one shelf current end-member C with different concentrations of TA. Adapted from Cai et al. [2010]. The points Z and O refer to the end-members of zeroalkalinity freshwater and oceanic water, respectively. The dashed SDC lines show the TA-S changes due to the simple dilution or concentration effect on the oceanic water. We assume that the TA-S regression line goes through the oceanic end-member and the mixture (M) generating an intercept at TAS0. See the text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-ta-s-and-b-salinity-normalized-alkalinity-nta-s-1ixp5fkm.png Figure 4. (a) TA-S and (b) salinity-normalized alkalinity (NTA)-S relationships in the western North Atlantic margin from the SNOMS and CDIAC data. (a) Adapted from Figure 2 by Cai et al. [2010]. The dashed SDC lines in Figures 4a and 4b show the TA-S and NTA-S changes due to simple dilution or concentration effects on the North Atlantic open ocean water. The solid lines in Figure 4a show the expected TA-S distributions assuming a two-end-member conservative mixing between the Atlantic water and the individual rivers. In Figure 4b, the NTA-S distribution at high salinities is highlighted in the inset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sampling-positions-during-the-snoms-project-from-1wd73lu0.png Figure 1. Sampling positions during the SNOMS project from 2007–2012 (open diamonds) and the historical measurements from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (gray dots). Figure produced using Ocean Data View [Schlitzer, 2011]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-sampling-positions-of-the-snoms-project-in-the-20pmz15t.png Figure 5. (a) Sampling positions of the SNOMS project in the western North Pacificmargin and the CDIACmeasurements in the same region including the NACP U.S. West Coast cruise 2007 [Feely and Sabine, 2011]; the sea surface distributions of (b) sea surface temperature (SST), (c) TA, (d) salinity, and (e) salinity-normalized alkalinity (NTA). The low-salinity water off Oregon ismainly from the Columbia River (Figure 5d); the coastal upwelling off northern California is indicated by the low SST (Figure 5b) and high salinity (Figure 5d). The NACP data in the white rectangle (Figure 5a) are highlighted in the inset to Figure 8b. Figure produced using Ocean Data View [Schlitzer, 2011]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-ta-s-and-b-salinity-normalized-alkalinity-nta-s-27qgxbcj.png Figure 6. (a) TA-S and (b) salinity-normalized alkalinity (NTA)-S relationships in the eastern North Pacific margin from the SNOMS and the CDIAC data. In Figure 6a, the dashed SDC line shows the TA-S changes that would result from simple dilution or concentration of North Pacific open ocean water; the segmented TA-S mixing line shared a midsalinity end-member at salinity ~32.5. In Figure 6b, the dashed line is the NTAocean of the North Pacific open ocean water. The NACP measurements covering the river plume and coastal upwelling (within thewhite rectangle in Figure 7a) are highlighted in the inset to Figure 6b. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-diagrams-showing-the-influences-of-simple-spjaa5ch.png Figure 2. Schematic diagrams showing the influences of simple dilution or concentration (SDC) and non-SDC processes on TA-S plots. Herewe assume amean oceanic surface end-member Owith Socean=35, TAocean=NTAocean=2300μmol kg 1. (a, b)We assume a positive y intercept (TAS0) of 1000μmol kg 1, whereas (c, d) we assume a negative TAS0 of 1000μmol kg 1. The dashed lines in panels Figures 2a and 2c show the TA-S changes due to the SDC effect, and those in Figures 2b and 2d refer to the NTAocean resulting from SDC processes. The effects of non-SDC additions and removals of TA are indicated by the orange- and green-shaded areas, respectively. As shown in Figures 2b and 2d, non-SDC TA addition results in values of NTA which are higher than NTAocean, while non-SDC removal lead to values of NTA which are lower than NTAocean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-schematic-diagrams-showing-alternative-explanation-3urexnv3.png Figure 9. Schematic diagrams showing alternative explanation of how the combined effect of mixing and biogeochemical can produce an observed point A which deviates from the conservative mixing line between the two end-members (R and O). The trajectory of alkalinity change follows (a) RR′A or (b) OO′A if biogeochemical change precedes mixing; or alternatively RA′A in Figure 9a or OA′A in Figure 9b if biogeochemical change takes place after mixing. See the text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-ta-s-and-b-salinity-normalized-alkalinity-nta-s-3m6yf0nz.png Figure 7. (a) TA-S and (b) salinity-normalized alkalinity (NTA)-S relationships in the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea from the SNOMS and CDIAC data; the distributions of TA and NTA against (c) longitude in the Mediterranean Sea and (d) latitude in the Red Sea. In Figure 7a, the dashed line shows the TA-S change due to the simple dilution or concentration effect on the mean open ocean water, and the arrow lines demonstrate TA-S variations in the Mediterranean Sea caused by mixing with alkaline waters from the local rivers and the Black Sea. In Figures 7b–7d, the dashed lines show the NTAocean of the inflowing waters from the North Atlantic into the Mediterranean Sea and from the Arabian Sea into the Red Sea, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/variability-in-the-number-of-abdominal-leucokinergic-neurons-49pslj1dyj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bithorax-complex-bx-c-gene-expression-in-the-ablks-2gv4b5dc.png Figure 4: Bithorax-Complex(Bx-C) gene expression in the ABLKs from third instar larva https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bithorax-complex-bx-c-gene-expression-in-the-ablks-flgb6q8z.png Figure 5: Bithorax-Complex (Bx-C) gene expression in the ABLKs from 24 and 48 h after https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-diagram-depicting-the-changes-in-bx-c-gene-hipqdh67.png Figure 6: Diagram depicting the changes in Bx-C gene expression within ABLKs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dynamics-of-leucokinin-expression-from-third-instar-21e7m17i.png Figure 3. Dynamics of Leucokinin expression from third instar larva to adult. All images https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-effects-of-long-term-changes-in-extrinsic-factors-1mfy25wd.png Figure 11: Effects of long-term changes in extrinsic factors on the number of ABLKs in https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-quantification-of-ubx-immunofluorescence-in-ablks-1ft0asjc.png Figure 8: Quantification of Ubx immunofluorescence in ABLKs of different wild type https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-effect-of-short-term-changes-in-extrinsic-factors-1e1g70ae.png Figure 10: Effect of short-term changes in extrinsic factors on the number of ABLKs in https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effect-of-bx-c-gene-expression-alterations-in-adult-2xylycro.png Figure 7: Effect of Bx-C gene expression alterations in adult ABLK number. A: elav- https://scispace.com/papers/variability-of-pm10-in-industrialized-urban-areas-new-2ajjxfh1iv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistical-data-of-stations-2xi7qfbx.png Table 1: Statistical data of stations. https://scispace.com/papers/variability-of-rice-yield-with-respect-to-crop-health-32jb4ewanw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pearsons-correlation-coefficient-for-average-fpekdayu.png Table 2 Pearson’s correlation coefficient for average instantaneous yield, CCT estimated yield and SPAD values of associated rice plots https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-anova-for-spad-values-for-three-growth-stages-of-the-27icwrqe.png Table 1 ANOVA for SPAD values for three growth stages of the associated rice plots https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kriged-instantaneous-yield-maps-at-lot-15467-2-sw94n78t.png Figure 2 Kriged instantaneous yield maps at lot 15467_2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kriged-maps-of-spad-value-at-70-dap-lot-15467-2-225b08et.png Figure 1 Kriged maps of SPAD value at 70 DAP lot 15467_2 https://scispace.com/papers/variability-of-glyphosate-and-diuron-sorption-capacities-of-1vm2isa5iy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-sorption-induced-pesticide-retention-indicator-spri-oit6gs4r.png Table 5 Sorption induced pesticide retention indicator (SPRI). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-estimated-glyphosate-and-diuron-concentrations-at-the-3a7xltfm.png Fig. 3. Estimated glyphosate and diuron concentrations at the ditch outlets during a clear water flushing event. Cw V out þ V l þ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distribution-of-glyphosate-and-diuron-in-the-different-2qmkisb3.png Fig. 2. Distribution of glyphosate and diuron in the different ditch materials and desorbed fractions after a non-contaminated flushing event with varying water levels. The individual graphs differ depending on the characteristics of the contamination event, the initial amount of adsorbed pesticides, and the water levels of the flushing events. The initial flood events were characterized by aqueous concentrations (Cini) of 50 and 300 μg/l and water levels of 0.5, 5 and 15 cm. The following clear water flushing events had water levels that were equal to the contaminated events. The results are expressed as the mass percentage of pesticides in a given material to the total amount of adsorbed pesticides. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-main-properties-of-the-ditches-estimated-from-in-2o0sqd40.png Table 3 Main properties of the ditches estimated from in situ observations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-of-the-relative-mass-of-adsorbed-25wyv077.png Fig. 1. Distribution of the relative mass of adsorbed glyphosate and diuron among the various ditch materials. Distribution of adsorbed glyphosate and diuron in the soil, litter, vegetation and ash in ditches from the Roujan catchment. The results are expressed as the mass percentages of the pesticides in a given material to the total amount of adsorbed pesticide. The distribution was calculated for water levels of 0.5, 5 and 15 cm and is not dependent on the initial concentration as only linear sorption isotherms are considered. https://scispace.com/papers/variability-of-root-length-density-and-its-contributions-to-11tbiyl04b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-root-length-density-rldtot-and-maximum-rooting-depth-u3mube5r.png Table 1 Root length density (RLDtot) and maximum rooting depth (RDp) at 35 days after sowing of 12 chickpea genotypes in field and cylinder trials during 2000–2001 and 2001–2002 post-rainy seasons https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-shoot-dry-weight-sdw-at-35-days-after-sowing-for-12-3b1l50u5.png Table 2 Shoot dry weight (SDW) at 35 days after sowing for 12 chickpea genotypes in field and cylinder trials during 2000–2001 and 2001–2002 postrainy seasons https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-coefficients-for-total-root-length-g1gm73mp.png Table 3 Correlation coefficients for total root length density (RLDtot) at 35 days a https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlation-coefficients-among-the-root-length-2m4snzld.png Table 4 Correlation coefficients among the root length densities (total and layer-wise) at 35 days after sowing and the shoot biomass at maturity (SBM), harvest index (HI), days to maturity (DM) and seed yield (YLD) of 12 chickpea genotypes grown in the field during 2000–2001 and 2001–2002 post-rainy seasons https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-shoot-biomass-at-maturity-sbm-seed-yield-yld-harvest-3kim85x4.png Table 5 Shoot biomass at maturity (SBM), seed yield (YLD), harvest index (HI) and days to maturity (DM) of 12 chickpea genotypes grown in the field during 2000–2001 and 2001–2002 post-rainy seasons https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-difference-between-icc-898-and-icc-4958-in-rlds-at-30-yn2fll80.png Fig. 1. Difference between ICC 898 and ICC 4958 in RLDs at 30–45 and 45–60 cm soil layers during 2000–2001 and 2001–2002 seasons. (LSD = 0.03 cm cm 3 between years in 30–45 cm depth, LSD = 0.100 cm cm 3 among G E in 30–45 cm depth, LSD = 0.06 cm cm 3 between years in 45–60 cmdepth, = 0.194 cm cm 3 among G E in 45–60 cm depth). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relationship-between-rld-across-the-rooting-profile-of-1zq9nxif.png Fig. 2. Relationship between RLD across the rooting profile of field grown chickpea at 35 days after sowing with (A) total shoot biomass at maturity and (B) seed yield of 12 diverse chickpea genotypes grown under terminal drought stress during 2001/2002 post-rainy season (genotype KAK 2 is excluded from both regressions). https://scispace.com/papers/variability-of-the-brewer-dobson-circulation-s-meridional-4agnyqkg9c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-vertical-speed-in-the-lower-stratosphere-yba41kn6.png Fig. 6. Average vertical speed in the lower stratosphere between 68 hPa (∼ 18.8 km) and 18 hPa (∼ 27.2 km) as a function of time calculated according toNiwano et al.(2003). A seasonal cycle is apparent with higher speeds (red) increasing with altitude and towards the end of each calendar year during NH winter, which is consistent with the characteristics of the BDC which is strongest from September to March. During NH summer the vertical speed decreases (blue) due to the reduced planetary wave breaking, which is the main driver of the BDC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-anomalies-of-the-ascent-rates-shown-in-fig-6-with-the-3lb57lpv.png Fig. 7. Anomalies of the ascent rates shown in Fig.6 with the seasonal cycle r moved. A dis inct∼2 yr cycle is visible w ic i descending slowly at a rate of about 1.5 km month−1. The variability is about 50 % with lower ascent rates (blue) observed in 2006, 2008 and 2010–2011. The negative anomalies occur during the QBO westerly phase as will be shown in Fig.10. Periods of faster upwelling are indicated in red. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-brewer-dobson-circulation-in-the-2tymk5h2.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the Brewer–Dobson circulation in the stratosphere. In the lowermost stratosphere equatorial air is transported and mixed towards both poles (thick black arrows) before it reenters the troposphere at higher latitudes and returns towards the Equator (Eq). The rising air masses in the tropics are transported towards the winter pole higher up, cross the tropical pipe and descend into the “surf zone” and the polar vortex. We focus on the three branches highlighted by the thicker blue and black arrows which distribute H2O in the stratosphere. T e ellips and the two poleward directed arrows represent the Hadley circulation in the troposphere. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-tropical-ascent-ratesw-mm-s-1-in-the-3a5kw1pn.png Table 1.Comparison of tropical ascent ratesw [mm s−1] in the lower stratosphere from different studies.Niwano et al.(2003) andMote et al. (1996) used HALOE satellite observations and averaged between±12.5◦, Schoeberl et al.(2008) used a combination of 15 yr of HALOE and Aura/MLS H2O observations to computew at the Equator. They also displayed results of the GEOS-4 general circulation model. Ascent rates are increasing with altitude and very similar to each other. However, the GEOS-4 model underestimates the observations. The slow tropical ascent is in contrast to the faster meridional speed (∼ 1 m s−1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-interpretation-of-the-qbo-influence-on-the-bdc-1oh0tm3v.png Fig. 13.Interpretation of the QBO influence on the BDC variability. During the QBO easterly phase (left) the tropical pipe is stronger and it takes more time for air masses to cross the barrier towards mid-latitudes. Thus, the meridional speed is slower. For continuity, the vertical branch has to speed up whi h is shown by the big shaded vertical arrow. On the other hand, during the QBO westerly phase the tropical pipe is shifted up, more leaky and transport towards the mid-latitudes faster (right). Again, for continuity reasons, the vertical transport has to slow down which agrees well with our results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-cent-rate-t-the-equator-between-the-68-and-56-hpa-3obongqu.png Fig. 10. A cent rate t the Equator between the 68 and 56 hPa level (dashed black, l ft y-axi ) together with the average equatorial zonal windu ( olid blue, ight y-axis) higher up at 32 hPa. In order to c mpare to the ascent rate th zonal wind is smoothed with a one year forward moving average. The data confirm the sketch in Fig.9 and show maximum ascent rates during the easterly phase (u < 0) and minimum during the westerly phase (u > 0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relative-deviation-from-the-average-zonal-mean-h2o-as-38g85g3k.png Fig. 3. Relative deviation from the average zonal mean H2O as a function of time and latitude at 100 hPa. Red colours show above average concentrations, blue shows below average values. The visible seasonal cycle with an amplitude of about 30 % is transported from the tropics towards the poles by the meridional BDC as indicated by the arrows and can be identified along the slant lines of same colours. The slope is steeper towards the NH which is indicative for a stronger and faster BDC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relative-deviation-from-the-average-zonal-mean-h2o-as-2kw0gmuh.png Fig. 3. Relative deviation from the average zonal mean H2O as a function of time and latitude at 100 hPa. Red colours show above average concentrations, blue shows below average values. The visible seasonal cycle with an amplitude of about 30 % is transported from the tropics towards the poles by the meridional BDC as indicated by the arrows and can be identified along the slant lines of same colours. The slope is steeper towards the NH which is indicative for a stronger and faster BDC. https://scispace.com/papers/variability-of-the-pulsed-radio-emission-from-the-large-1dnz08r1lg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-histogram-of-on-pulse-intensities-for-psr-j0529-2laiv1hu.png Figure 4. Histogram of on-pulse intensities for PSR J0529−6652 from the subset of 4299 pulses used in the analysis (solid line). The corresponding offpulse intensities calculated using the same number of off-pulse phase bins for each pulse are also shown (dashed line). Both histograms have been normalized to the mean on-pulse intensity value. These histograms were used in the calculation of the NF for PSR J0529−6652. There is an excess of pulses with large amplitudes, extending well beyond the noise limit, indicating that PSR J0529−6652 is a giant pulse emitter. We are unable to distinguish between a power-law and lognormal distribution for the giant pulses owing to the relatively small number of pulses detected. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-single-pulse-detections-of-psr-j0529-6652-at-1390-hugxepvw.png Figure 3. Single pulse detections of PSR J0529−6652 at 1390 MHz from 4195.5 s of integration time, or 4299 pulses. The data here are the same data that were used to make the pulse stack and to measure the modulation index and NF (see Table 1). The top frame shows pulse strength as a function of both DM and time, with pulse events with S/N > 5.5 shown. As expected, the pulses occur most strongly near the pulsar’s DM of ∼100 pc cm−3. The lower frames show three detectable pulses from this observation plotted as intensity vs. time after dedispersion was applied. In all three cases, the pulses have a width of ∼20 ms (∼2% of the pulse period), or roughly 40 samples. This is comparable to the width of the integrated pulse profile (see Figures 2 and 5). Since the pulses are not dispersion or scatter broadened, this suggests that we are seeing the intrinsic widths and that the pulses are not giant micropulses. These three pulses also occur at the same pulse phase as the integrated profile. PSR J0529−6652 is the second pulsar in the LMC (after PSR B0540−69) known to emit detectable single radio pulses. The pulses shown here illustrate the high degree of amplitude variability for the pulsar, which is confirmed by the large measured modulation index and NF. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-observing-setup-was-identical-to-the-one-used-in-1f59cxvr.png Table 1). The observing setup was identical to the one used in a radio pulsar search of the X-ray binary XTE J0103−728 in the Small Magellanic Cloud (Crawford et al. 2009), which was part of the same observing campaign. Radio frequency interference (RFI) can be a significant problem at 1400 MHz at Parkes, and much of the data for PSR J0529−6652 was at least partially corrupted by RFI. We selected a portion of the first observation that was clean of RFI for the analysis. This subset consisted of 4195.5 s of integration, corresponding to 4299 complete pulses. We performed the following operations on PSR J0529−6652 as well as on three bright test pulsars, PSRs J0437−4715, J0536−7543, and J1359−6038, in order to test our processing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-phase-resolved-intrinsic-modulation-index-values-19du3zkd.png Figure 5. Phase-resolved intrinsic modulation index values measured for PSR J0529−6652 (squares) overlaid with corresponding mean intensity values (dash-dotted line). The intensity values have been arbitrarily scaled for display purposes. Only the pulse phase bins near the pulse peak are shown, and only the on-pulse bins have enough signal for reliable modulation index measurements. These modulation index values have already been corrected for the estimated contribution from fluctuations from the Galactic ISM. The minimum and most precise value of mi = 4.07 ± 0.29 is seen at the profile peak, and this is the value used in our analysis (see, e.g., Jenet & Gil 2003). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-intrinsic-modulation-index-vs-complexity-parameter-1fjvtxcd.png Figure 6. Intrinsic modulation index vs. complexity parameter determined from the Gil & Sendyk (2000) model is shown for several samples of pulsars. All of the 174 pulsars measured by Weltevrede et al. (2006a, and presented in their https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-period-derivative-vs-period-for-radio-pulsars-from-1oqb49vw.png Figure 7. Period derivative vs. period for radio pulsars from the ATNF catalog (Manchester et al. 2005; small dots). Not all pulsars are shown (e.g., recycled millisecond pulsars are beyond the plot limits). Also shown are the four neutron stars with modulation index measurements presented in Table 4 of Weltevrede et al. (2011; squares). PSR J0529−6652 is shown as the large diamond. Compared to the other four labeled neutron stars, PSR J0529−6652 lies closer to the center of the unrecycled radio pulsar population and has spin characteristics that are more typical of this population. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pulse-stacks-for-psr-j0529-6652-and-three-bright-sgnhodqr.png Figure 1. Pulse stacks for PSR J0529−6652 and three bright test pulsars (PSRs J0437−4715, J0536−7543, and J1359−6038). Each pulse stack has 128 pulse phase bins (horizontal axis) but a different number of consecutive pulses (vertical axis). Table 1 lists the observing parameters and ATNF catalog properties for the four pulsars. The contrast in each plot has been adjusted to best illuminate any variability in the pulses. All observations were taken near 1400 MHz, and the data are largely free of RFI. The variability is clearly evident in the PSR J0529−6652 pulse stack, consistent with its large measured NF (Table 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-normalized-mean-intensity-profile-for-psr-j0529-23c99xbd.png Figure 2. Normalized mean intensity profile for PSR J0529−6652 from the addition of 4299 consecutive pulses from a 1390 MHz Parkes observation. There are 128 phase bins in the profile, and the profile has unity peak value and an off-pulse mean of zero. The mean pulse profile is narrow and uncomplicated, with a width of 3–4 bins (∼25 ms, or ∼3% of the pulse period), and has no obvious additional or outlying components. These features, plus the polarization characteristics measured at 600 MHz by Costa et al. (1991), suggest that PSR J0529−6652 is likely to be exhibiting core emission. https://scispace.com/papers/variable-capacity-utilization-ambient-temperature-shocks-and-3o6n02xjk2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-capacity-value-affected-by-overfire-limit-21xxaizv.png Figure 7: Capacity value affected by overfire limit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-capacity-value-of-the-gt-over-time-2xd27m9z.png Figure 2: Capacity value of the GT over time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-capacity-value-of-the-gt-vs-change-of-reverting-1tef7hrn.png Figure 3: Capacity value of the GT vs. change of reverting coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-capacity-value-of-the-gt-vs-change-of-volatilities-17qcl84v.png Figure 4: Capacity value of the GT vs. change of volatilities. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-hourly-met-for-lnp-e-t-3kxtnz50.png Table 1: Values of hourly mEt for lnP E t https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-state-transition-diagram-of-xt-including-operation-4xrf3a02.png Figure 1: State transition diagram of xt including operation and maintenance processes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-asset-value-decreased-in-summer-due-to-temperature-apj2lqle.png Figure 5: Asset value decreased in summer due to temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-asset-value-increased-in-winter-due-to-temperature-3itz2nj9.png Figure 6: Asset value increased in winter due to temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/variable-and-fixed-structure-augmented-zmm-algorithms-using-4wxy2f29be 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-test-trajectory-o77cac89.png Figure 1: The test trajectory https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-average-agimm-turn-rates-o-s-2fws2317.png Figure 13: Average AGIMM turn rates, [o/s] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-position-me-m-3m220tbl.png Figure 3: Position ME [m] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-velocity-me-m-s-3fmxltaj.png Figure 4: Velocity ME, [m/s] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-agimm-average-mode-probabilities-17bl68io.png Figure 10: AGIMM average mode probabilities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-average-vs-aimm-turn-rates-oi-k-o-s-2rj6l4rf.png Figure 12: Average VS AIMM turn rates ωi k, , [o/s] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-turn-rate-changes-o-s-2kb1s0ol.png Figure 2: Turn rate changes, [ o/s] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-normalized-estimation-error-squared-31ock7v4.png Figure 14: Normalized Estimation Error Squared https://scispace.com/papers/variable-delay-with-directly-modulated-r-soa-and-optical-svzvodqqki 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-system-magnitude-response-versus-input-rf-power-for-2-czhizr4o.png Fig. 4. System magnitude response versus input RF power for 2 nm OTF. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-system-layout-for-wimax-evaluation-nend45d3.png Fig. 8. System layout for WiMAX evaluation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-two-tone-fundamental-and-intermodulation-product-3tyd59fs.png Fig. 5. Two-tone fundamental and intermodulation product (second- & thirdorder) output power as a function of input RF signal power. Dynamic range, dB Hz : tone separation, 200 kHz; meas. bandwidth, 316 Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-output-rf-power-and-ttd-versus-detuning-with-various-26d1609p.png Fig. 6. (a) Output RF power and TTD versus detuning with various OTF for 2.5-GHz signal; (b) output signal at various TTD (across 12-nm detuning), with 2-nm OTF. (Vert. scale: 10 mV/div., power variation within 0.5 dB). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-normalized-system-gain-as-a-function-of-otf-fwhm-apd-5ytt8ii8.png Fig. 7. Normalized system gain as a function of OTF FWHM; APD input power fixed at 30 dBm (solid), full optical power onto the APD (dashed). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-single-carrier-64-qam-wimax-signal-at-90-mbps-a-3uzhx64l.png Fig. 9. Single-carrier 64-QAM WiMAX signal at 90 Mbps, (a) constellation; and output signal EVM as a function of (b) input RF power, (c) APD power, (d) OTF wavelength. 3.1% IEEE 802.16d WiMAX EVM threshold indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-all-optical-aas-enabled-rf-over-fiber-scheme-with-qk34kws9.png Fig. 1. (a) All-optical AAS-enabled RF over fiber scheme with directly-modulated R-SOA, dispersive transmission and OTF; and (b) block diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-64-qam-2048-subcarrier-99-downlink-ofdma-ieee-802-16e-3ufc9p2e.png Fig. 10. 64-QAM, 2048-subcarrier, 99% downlink OFDMA IEEE 802.16e WiMAX frame, (a) constellation, BPSK pilot (1) and QPSK preamble (2): data RCE variation with (b) launch RF power, (c) received APD power and (d) OTF wavelength. RCE below 28-dB WiMAX threshold for 64-QAM. https://scispace.com/papers/variable-freshwater-influences-on-the-abundance-of-vibrio-31rqkhveaq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variables-measured-on-individual-samples-the-number-1vy1izvr.png Table 1. Variables measured on individual samples, the number of samples measured, and the 790 geometric mean (geomean), mean, median, minimum (min) and maximum (max) values for each 791 (reported to two significant digits). 792 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-heat-maps-illustrating-spatial-and-temporal-brxtig25.png Fig. 3. Heat maps illustrating spatial and temporal variability in V. vulnificus. Log vvhA 813 concentrations are color coded at each station over time for monthly, weekly, daily and 814 trihoral sampling events. The overall average log(vvha) from all samplings of 1.8 is shown in 815 grey. Concentrations above average are in red and those below average in blue. The 816 samplings on different time scales are nested and the events that are overlapping in the 817 different graphs are indicated with black triangles and lines. 818 https://scispace.com/papers/variable-effects-of-goitrogens-in-inducing-precocious-32y7osr2rf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-stage-and-total-number-of-metamorphosing-sea-lampreys-1mwfotvm.png Fig. 2. Stage and total number of metamorphosing sea lampreys in untreated (control) and goitrogen-treated individuals following 6 weeks (A) or 16 weeks (B). Goitrogen treatments included: methimazole (MMI), potassium perchlorate (KClO4), and potassium thiocyanate (KSCN); each goitrogen was administered at a high (H) and low (L) concentration (see Table 1). Sample size is equal to 30 unless otherwise indicated in parentheses below the abscissa. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-stage-and-total-number-of-metamorphosing-sea-lampreys-3g8lxi9f.png Fig. 4. Stage and total number of metamorphosing sea lampreys in untreated (control) and treated individuals from two different size groups (based on length). Treatments included two goitrogen experimental groups (potassium perchlorate [KClO4] and sodium perchlorate [NaClO4]), and a low potassium chloride (L-KCl) experimental group. Sample size for each group is nine. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-2-standard-errors-serum-thyroxine-t4-and-2chgx6db.png Fig. 3. Mean (± 2 standard errors) serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations in sea lampreys. Lampreys were either untreated, as in the baseline and control groups, or treated with potassium perchlorate (KClO4) or potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) for 16 weeks or with methimazole (MMI) for 6 weeks. Goitrogen treatment concentrations were either high (H) or low (L) as indicated on the abscissa (see Table 1). Baseline groups were sampled at the start of the experiment but control groups were sampled at the termination of the experiment (16 weeks). Sample size is equal to 30 unless otherwise indicated in parentheses below the abscissa. Concentrations labeled with different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-and-experimental-groups-in-four-separate-18oh13st.png TABLE 1. Baseline and experimental groups in four separate experiments, the nominal ambient aquarium concentration of the various experimental treatments, and mean sea lamprey (P. marinus) size at the time of sampling1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-mean-serum-thyroxine-and-3e81q40h.png TABLE 2. Comparison of mean serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations in larval (A) and metamorphosing (M) sea lampreys (P. marinus) following various goitrogen treatments (Experiment 3)1,2 https://scispace.com/papers/variable-granularity-space-filling-curve-for-indexing-37td2xv7wm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-data-space-is-recursively-divided-based-on-data-35okha49.png Fig. 1. The data space is recursively divided based on data population density. Example after 17 objects are inserted causing 6 splits (BF = 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-vg-curve-average-i-os-for-all-methods-on-10-dimensions-2r9gsh1l.png Fig. 4. VG-curve average I/O’s for all methods on 10 dimensions of real data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-total-blocks-used-for-the-standard-table-is-shown-as-a-2e0hxg4r.png Fig. 3. Total blocks used for the standard table is shown as a reference, a compound index on indexed dimensions and the VG-Curve directory (BF=1000) for 2 to 18 Dimensions on real data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-directory-containing-the-binary-regions-with-the-uji3dtf7.png Table 1. Directory containing the binary regions with the population for the running example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-running-example-virtual-tree-nodes-are-in-single-2pd1bxfj.png Fig. 2. Running example, virtual tree nodes are in single border boxes, directory regions are in double border boxes. The objects reference the regions of the directory and are stored in order of the region they reference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-average-cpus-for-vg-curve-bf-1000-from-2-ht4zgd42.png Fig. 7. Comparison of average CPU’s for VG-curve BF=1000 from 2 to 18 dimensions on real data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-vg-curve-average-cpus-for-all-methods-on-10-dimensions-2npgmp0c.png Fig. 5. VG-curve average CPU’s for all methods on 10 dimensions of real data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-average-disk-i-os-as-a-of-table-blocks-17r1bztc.png Fig. 6. Comparison of average disk I/O’s, as a % of table blocks, for VG-curve BF=1000 from 2 to 18 dimensions on real data. https://scispace.com/papers/variable-selection-in-wavelet-regression-models-3c9xthgp8g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-how-the-scalogram-of-a-single-2ju1v6ba.png Fig. 2. Illustration of how the scalogram of a single Lorentzian peak changes according to the width of the peak. Note how the sharper peaks tend to occupy more scales (Symmlet 8 wavelet is used). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-variable-selection-on-wavelet-coefficients-will-hdovg98i.png Fig. 4. Variable selection on wavelet coefficients will indicate important regions where the size of a region depends on which scale the variable has been selected. In this figure the results from the PLS variable selection in Data set 1 is shown (nine wavelet coefficients selected). Included in the figure is also a typical IR spectrum from this data set. Please note the characteristic `̀ ampicillin peak'' at 1767 cmÿ1 which is among the selected variables (at scale 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-results-for-data-sets-1-and-2-of-the-pls-1gvkm018.png Table 2 Summary of results for Data sets 1 and 2 of the PLS calibration, using different variable selection methods https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-the-b-coefficient-vector-from-the-pls-model-with-the-26gzmu8b.png Fig. 6. (A) The b-coefficient vector from the PLS model with the best scale combination using the scales [1 3 5 6 7] for Data set 2 is shown. The RMS prediction is 9.3%; (B) the result after performing PLS variable selection by truncating w-vector coefficients on Data set 2. Prediction RMS here is 7.9% with 44 variables; (C) mutual information variable selection on Data set 2 where the MI model is chosen on the basis on the best model in the calibration set; (D) mutual information variable selection on Data set 2 where the MI model is forced to use only the first 44 variables (to make it comparable with results in (B)). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-concentrations-in-for-each-of-the-three-compounds-1h3re47d.png Table 1 Concentrations (in %) for each of the three compounds used in Data set 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-how-the-wavelet-coefficient-vector-is-3sds0j8l.png Fig. 1. Illustration of how the wavelet coefficient vector is interpreted at various scales over the original domain. Note the `̀ stretching'' process which is necessary since each scale is subsampled by two compared to the previous scale. Each tile represents the area covered by a wavelet basis function in the timefrequency domain (or rather the time-scale domain). Please note that the colour coding used here is as follows: Black is the highest absolute value of the coefficient for the tile and white represents the zero value. Absolute values in between are shown using grey shading. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-the-b-coefficient-vector-from-the-pls-model-with-the-3qi3t7xp.png Fig. 5. (A) The b-coefficient vector from the PLS model with the optimal scale combination [1 2 4 9] for Data set 1 is shown. Note that all the scales [0, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8] do not have any coefficients because they are removed; (B) the result after performing PLS variable selection by truncating w-vector coefficients on Data set 1. Prediction RMS here is 6.30% with nine variables only. Note that these nine variables are only present at scales 0, 1, 2 and 3; (C) mutual information variable selection on Data set 1 where the MI model is chosen on the basis on the best model in the calibration set; (D) mutual information variable selection on Data set 1 where the MI model is forced to use only the first nine variables (to make it comparable with results in (B)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-b-coefficient-vector-from-a-pls-analysis-of-raw-213v7o1p.png Fig. 3. The b-coefficient vector from a PLS analysis of raw Data set 1 without any wavelet analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/variable-selection-procedures-and-efficient-suboptimal-mask-3a7xjogh2b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-good-masks-obtained-by-a-depth-4-model-search-2n86k9pl.png TABLE IV Good masks obtained by a depth-4 model search https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-good-masks-obtained-by-a-depth-8-model-search-2uw5sawb.png TABLE VIII Good masks obtained by a depth-8 model search https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-good-masks-obtained-by-a-depth-7-model-search-3i0evgwh.png TABLE VII Good masks obtained by a depth-7 model search https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-real-and-simulated-nox-last-500-points-1ystdbj6.png FIGURE 1 Real and simulated NOx. Last 500 points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-first-100-nox-fir-simulated-points-35ykubij.png FIGURE 2 First 100 NOx FIR simulated points. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-good-masks-obtained-by-a-depth-3-model-search-2zl71d34.png TABLE III Good masks obtained by a depth-3 model search https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-first-100-nox-fir-simulated-points-2by444sr.png FIGURE 4 First 100 NOx FIR simulated points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-real-and-simulated-nox-last-500-points-29jyfp81.png FIGURE 3 Real and simulated NOx. Last 500 points. https://scispace.com/papers/variable-source-depth-acquisition-for-improved-marine-1tddba54s6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-number-of-shots-per-source-depth-in-a-sequence-jshhxax1.png Figure 3. The number of shots per source depth in a sequence of 40 shots. The red circles represent the equivalent distribution of strength in a multilevel source with air guns at depths of 6 and 9 m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-total-amplitude-spectra-from-combining-data-367o1y9q.png Figure 2. The total amplitude spectra from combining data from air guns fired at different depths. The black and blue curves are the amplitude spectra from the inversion with and without regularization, respectively. The red curve is the amplitude spectrum from a multilevel source with sources at 6 and 9 m. Because no source signatures were recorded from sources at 6 and 9 m, we estimate these far-field signatures by convolving the notional source signatures from 5 and 10 m with the ghost response for source depths of 6 and 9 m, respectively, hence, the star. https://scispace.com/papers/variable-stiffness-link-vsl-toward-inherently-safe-robotic-1ha2utqbxl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-collision-detection-data-for-linear-speed-at-the-1q1thx4f.png Table 1 - Collision detection data for linear speed at the point of collision, peak force detected and reaction times of the system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-overview-of-the-experimental-setup-for-the-testing-3pcgcxua.png Figure 6 – Overview of the experimental setup for the testing of the collision detection algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-collision-detection-data-for-different-point-of-3s6pjyzt.png Figure 7 - Collision detection data for different point of impacts: the middle point of VSL2 (a) and the end effector (b). Pressure values collected from the pressure regulator controlling VSL2 and force value collected from the ATI Nano17 force/torque sensor. Force data collected relate to the normal direction as shown in Figure 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-architecture-of-the-anthropomorphic-3h9ua5yv.png Figure 1 – Conceptual architecture of the anthropomorphic manipulator developed to assess the performance of the VSL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-vsl-working-principle-and-design-a-cad-drawings-1t2i7iew.png Figure 2 - VSL working principle and design: (a) CAD drawings showing a longitudinal section view of the VSL illustrating the I/O channel for pressurized air (double headed white arrow), the force distribution of the air in pressure inside the internal chamber (azure arrows) and the force distribution of the reaction forces of the link walls (red arrows); (b) subfigure shows a magnified longitudinal section, highlighting the layers composing the wall link. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cad-drawings-of-the-moulds-to-form-the-external-a-1oiezsgo.png Figure 4 - CAD drawings of the moulds to form the external (a) and the external (b) silicone layers of the lateral walls of the VSL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fabrication-stage-of-the-vsl-subfigure-a-shows-how-3h7grrat.png Figure 3 - Fabrication stage of the VSL: subfigure (a) shows how the VSL looks from the outside and subfigure (b) shows how the wall section looks like during the assembly process. I is the mesh before being formed in the shape of a cylinder, II is the mesh soldered and closed in the shape of cylinder, III is the link after the casting of the external silicone layer (III.a) and after casting of the internal layer (III.b) and IV is the finished VSL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-end-effector-position-in-the-xy-plane-defined-as-e43lbc4e.png Figure 5 - End effector position in the XY plane (defined as best fit plane for the sequential position of the end effector) when actuating J3 from 0° to 90° (left graphs) when the pressure inside the VSLs are (a) 0 bar, (b) 1 bar and (c) 2 bar. In all graphs, the data is plotted for different load levels on the end effector (0N, 0.5N, 1N, 1.5N and 2N). The reference system is centered in J3. During the experiments, the VSL1 is kept in vertical position; The pressure level of VSL1 and VSL2 is identical. J3 was actuated at a speed of 30°/s. A magnified view of each of the graph on the left is presented in the graphs on the right, showing the content of the red boxes in the main graphs. https://scispace.com/papers/variable-structure-control-with-complementarity-inputs-for-a-1rq2k917lp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-normalized-nox-production-2p55hxcr.png Figure 10. Normalized NOx production https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-u2eqk-parametrized-in-terms-of-k-500-200-0-200-500-3clsw1uy.png Figure 4. u2eqK parametrized in terms of K = 500, 200, 0, 200, 500 for a constant pi = 0.8963. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-load-torque-n-m-su9rfbw5.png Figure 5. Load torque (N-m). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-domain-of-complementary-inputs-2aq5r8z8.png Figure 1. Domain of Complementary Inputs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-u1eqk-parametrized-in-terms-of-k-500-200-0-200-500-1tdxi7wc.png Figure 3. u1eqK parametrized in terms of K = 500, 200, 0, 200, 500 for a constant pi = 0.8963. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-fuel-conversion-e-ciency-dcqdsc0c.png Figure 9. Fuel conversion e ciency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-lambda-1mus2wjo.png Figure 8. Lambda. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graph-of-fp-no-pi-for-pi-2-0-1-1tx37fyt.png Figure 2. Graph of fp(no, pi) for pi 2 [0, 1] https://scispace.com/papers/variance-analysis-for-monte-carlo-integration-4edzhvzmjv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bounds-on-the-power-spectra-and-on-the-variance-e15a2j79.png Figure 5: Bounds on the power spectra and on the variance convergence rate of our test integrands in S2. Log-Log plots are shown in the Center and Right columns. Left: Power spectra of different sampling patterns (blue), bounded by a theoretical spectral profile (green). On the frequency axis, units corresponds to the frequency α √ N . (a) and (g) have bounds with constant profiles while (d) and (g) have quadratic (b = 2) profiles. The corresponding parameters (α, γ) from Sec. 7.2, for both the upper (αu, γu) and lower (αl, γl) bounds are also provided. (a) αu = 1.0, γu = 1.3, αl = 1.0, γl = 0.7 and (g) αu = √ 2.75, γu = 1.8, αl = √ 2.75, γl = 0.055 bounded with constant profiles while (d) αu = 0.2, γu = 1.0, αl = √ 0.6, γl = 0.4 and (j) αu = √ 0.05, γu = 2.0, αl = √ 2.85, γl = 0.05 with quadratic (b = 2) Center: The variance curve of a spherical harmonic basis function with l = 4,m = 0, (blue), with bounds (green) computed using the bounds of the corresponding power spectrum. Right: The variance in integration of a spherical cap, using the same visualization. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notations-and-mathematical-symbols-used-in-this-3bp5o75e.png Table 1: Notations and mathematical symbols used in this paper. Note that, G and g are dummy variables which get replaced by symbols applicable in respective domains based on the context in the paper. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-summary-of-theoretical-power-spectra-and-their-3jtb6s03.png Figure 2: Summary of theoretical power spectra and their convergence rate for the best case and worst cases of integration. From left to right: Constant power spectrum, polynomial power spectrum with b less than 1, polynomial power spectrum with b greater than 1 and step power spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bounds-on-the-power-spectra-and-on-the-variance-mm3c4ebq.png Figure 4: Bounds on the power spectra and on the variance convergence rate of our test integrands in the toroidal domain. Log-Log plots are shown in the Center and Right columns. Left: Power spectra of different sampling patterns (blue), bounded by a theoretical spectral profile (green). On the frequency axis, units corresponds to the frequency d √ N . (d) and (g) have bounds with constant profiles while (a) and (j) have polynomial profiles. The corresponding parameters (γ, α, b) from Sec. 7, for both the upper (γu, αu, bu) and lower (γl, αl, bl) bounds are as follows: (a) γu = 1, αu = √ 3/π, bu = 2, γl = 1/2, αl = √ 3/π and bl = 2, (d) γu = 1.75 and γl = 1/20, (g) γu = 3.78 and γl = 0.006935, (j) γu = 3, αu = 1, bu = 4, γl = 0.3, αl = 3.5 and bl = 4, and (m) is approximated by a step profile with γ = 1 and α = 1/ √ π. Center: Gaussian function (in blue) with variance bounds (in green) computed using the bounds of the corresponding sampling power spectrum (Left). Variance generated by white noise is shown in dashed gray curve. Right: Similar visualization for a disk function. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-random-nature-of-the-fourier-g5bqr67y.png Figure 1: Illustration of the random nature of the Fourier coefficients of a 1D white noise sampling pattern. (a) Three realizations, S0, S1 and S2 of the sampling pattern S. (b) The real and imaginary parts of the Fourier transform of these realizations. Points on the dashed line correspond to the three possible values of the Fourier transform for a given frequency ω0. (c) Distribution of values of FS(ω0) in the complex plane for 1024 realizations. The first three realizations are shown in their respective colors. Note that homogeneous sampling patterns have random Fourier coefficients that are uniformly distributed on each concentric circle in the complex plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-the-variance-in-mc-integration-for-3k7kh6cq.png Figure 6: Comparison of the variance in MC integration for different integrand signals. Here we use experimental data from Fig. 4 and 5 in (a), (b), (d) and (e). Top row represents comparisons in the Euclidean space for (a) a Gaussian function, (b) a disk function and (c) an HDR image (16000×16000 pixels, taken from sIBL Archive, full image shown in the supplementary material). For reference, variance due to white noise is shown in the dashed gray line. Bottom row represents comparisons in the (hemi-)spherical domain : (d) a spherical harmonic basis function (Y 04 ). Inset illustrates the gray scale of the absolute values of the function, (e) a spherical cap function (θ0 = 60), where the white shade in the inset represents non-zero constant value region (f) a Cornell box scene. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-spherical-sampling-methods-healpix-frb3n4xf.png Figure 3: Illustration of spherical sampling methods: Healpix underlying structure (a) used in regular sampling (b), stratified sampling (c) and our implementation of CCVT (d). Finally, (e) illustrates our implementation of Poisson disk sampling (see details in Sec. 8). https://scispace.com/papers/variable-temperature-study-of-the-crystal-and-magnetic-50kcxrh0i1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-basis-vectors-mx-my-mz-for-the-space-group-p4-nmm-2qt2xxu1.png TABLE I. Basis vectors [mx,my,mz] for the space group P4/nmm with k= (0,0,0). Mn1: (3/4,1/4,1/2), Mn2: (1/4,3/4,1/2), Nd1: (1/4,1/4,0.13034), and Nd2: (1/4,1/4,0.86966). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rietveld-refinement-fit-to-the-5-k-id31-synchrotron-x-ew5ktd56.png FIG. 3. Rietveld refinement fit to the 5-K ID31 synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction pattern of LaMnAsO. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-variation-of-5-t-mr-with-temperature-for-2cf8h2m1.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Variation of 5-T MR with temperature for three different NdxMnAsO samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-crystal-structure-b-2-k-magnetic-cm94mrpv.png FIG. 1. (Color online) (a) Crystal structure, (b) 2-K magnetic structure of NdMnAsO, and (c) 290-K magnetic structure of LMnAsO (L=La, Nd). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-portion-of-the-polaris-neutron-yj26klfk.png FIG. 2. (Color online) A portion of the POLARIS neutron diffraction pattern for NdMnAsO showing a change in magnetic diffraction as a result of antiferromagnetic Mn2+ ordering below 400 K and Nd3+ ordering below 10 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-variation-of-cell-volume-with-temperature-22jr49v4.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Variation of cell volume with temperature for NdMnAsO showing an anomaly at the electronic transition Te. The insets show the temperature variation of the a cell parameter and the 5-T magnetoresistance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-the-c-a-ratio-2j210stu.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Temperature dependence of the c/a ratio for LaMnAsO. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-temperature-variation-of-a-mn-as-bond-1ym4ohcq.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Temperature variation of (a) Mn-As bond length in LaMnAsO, (b) La-O bond distance, (c) Mn-As bond length in NdMnAsO, and (d) Nd-As bond distance. https://scispace.com/papers/variance-minimization-scheme-for-optimizing-jastrow-factors-42bgf521md 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-the-same-as-fig-3-except-that-all-of-the-ns4qmqbq.png FIG. 4. Color online The same as Fig. 3, except that all of the parameters in the Jastrow factor including the cut-off lengths have been optimized. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-the-reweighted-and-unreweighted-variance-39zi30qp.png FIG. 5. Color online The reweighted and unreweighted variance for an all-electron neon atom plotted against the change in the value of a linear Jastrow parameter 1. Plots are shown for the case in which all the parameters are set to zero and the case in which all the parameters have been optimized. The set of 100 configurations used to calculate the variance were distributed according to the square of the Hartree-Fock wave function. The Jastrow factor contained a total of 27 linear parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-unreweighted-variance-u-2-for-a-sih4-39jz4s1i.png FIG. 3. Color online The unreweighted variance u 2 for a SiH4 molecule with a Hartree-Fock silicon pseudopotential Ref. 7 plotted against the cutoff length for the electron-electron terms in the Jastrow factor Lu. The Jastrow factor is such that the local energy is continuous when an electron-electron separation passes through the cut-off length Ref. 5 . Different numbers of VMCgenerated configurations were used to calculate the unreweighted variance. All of the linear Jastrow parameters are set to zero. In each case the configurations were distributed according to the square of the Hartree-Fock wave function. The Jastrow factor contained a total of 56 linear parameters, plus three cut-off lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-the-same-as-fig-5-except-that-104-2bq59wp2.png FIG. 6. Color online The same as Fig. 5 except that 104 configurations were used to calculate the variance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-timing-results-for-four-cycles-of-a-1-6-104-9mjk3118.png TABLE III. Timing results for four cycles of a 1.6 104-configuration unreweighted variance minimization of a 12-linear-parameter Jastrow factor for a C26H32 molecule with Troullier-Martins carbon and hydrogen pseudopotentials. The system contains a total of 136 electrons. The Slater wave function contained DFT-PBE orbitals. The runs were carried out on a cluster of eight 2.1 GHz Opteron processors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-of-reweighted-and-unreweighted-variance-3qm6ix5e.png TABLE I. Results of reweighted and unreweighted variance-minimization calculations for an all-electron neon atom. P is the number of linear parameters in the Jastrow factor and NC is the number of configurations used to perform the optimization. Long VMC runs were used to obtain the energies and variances shown in the table. Only linear Jastrow parameters were optimized. The VMC energy and variance for cycle 1 are estimates of the Hartree-Fock energy and variance, and are the same for each P and NC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-vmc-energy-of-an-all-electron-neon-atom-against-3biza4ra.png FIG. 7. The VMC energy of an all-electron neon atom against the change in the value of a linear Jastrow parameter 1 from the value determined by self-consistent unreweighted variance minimization. The Jastrow factor was chosen to be poor, with no electronnucleus or electron-electron-nucleus terms, and the same electronelectron terms were used for both parallel and antiparallel spins. There is only one optimizable parameter: 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-timing-results-for-ten-cycles-of-a-6-104-gk6s4lby.png TABLE II. Timing results for ten cycles of a 6 104-configuration unreweighted variance minimization of a 38- linear-parameter Jastrow factor for an all-electron H2O molecule. The system contains a total of ten electrons. The Slater wave function contained Hartree-Fock orbitals. The runs were carried out on a 1.7 GHz Pentium processor in a Sony Vaio laptop. https://scispace.com/papers/variance-risk-premia-on-stocks-and-bonds-215hvq0iap 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-real-versus-nominal-risks-nominal-bonds-tips-7gz0rt20.png Table VIII. Real versus Nominal Risks: Nominal Bonds (TIPS sample) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-return-predictability-regressions-univariate-tl90k9k5.png Table III. Return Predictability Regressions (Univariate) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-conditional-correlations-between-equity-and-1kwd172z.png Figure 4. Conditional Correlations between Equity and Treasury Returns https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-standardised-variance-risk-premia-jy40u5ld.png Figure 3. Standardised Variance Risk Premia https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-return-predictability-regressions-multivariate-2aym11o0.png Table IV. Return Predictability Regressions (Multivariate) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-futures-excess-returns-long-horizon-predictability-1lonwt54.png Figure 8. Futures Excess Returns Long Horizon Predictability https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-real-versus-nominal-risks-inflation-protected-5dwr1ir2.png Table VII. Real versus Nominal Risks: Inflation Protected Bonds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-futures-excess-returns-long-horizon-predictability-1ft5jm1e.png Figure 7. Futures Excess Returns Long Horizon Predictability https://scispace.com/papers/variance-stabilizing-transformations-for-electricity-spot-16l024k3kl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-mean-absolute-errors-mae-across-the-whole-test-29hf0kuo.png TABLE II MEAN ABSOLUTE ERRORS (MAE) ACROSS THE WHOLE TEST PERIOD FOR THE 12 MARKETS (IN COLUMNS) AND THE 16 VARIANCE STABILIZING TRANSFORMATIONS (VSTS; IN ROWS). A HEAT MAP IS USED TO INDICATE BETTER (→ GREEN) AND WORSE (→ RED) PERFORMING VSTS. IN THE LAST TWO COLUMNS WE REPORT THE AGGREGATE M.P.D.F.B. ERROR MEASURE, SEE EQN. (18), FOR THE MAE AND THE RMSE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-twelve-considered-electricity-spot-price-series-2vpqi98c.png TABLE I THE TWELVE CONSIDERED ELECTRICITY SPOT PRICE SERIES. https://scispace.com/papers/variant-pathogenic-prediction-models-vsrfm-and-vsrfm-s-the-2skoi1bf7b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-roc-curves-for-models-in-training-not-splice-3k99hinc.png Figure 1. ROC curves for models in training not splice variant data (A), training splice variant data (B), Clinvar not splice variant data (C) and Clinvar splice variant data (D). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-vsrfm-and-vsrfm-s-scores-vsrfm-score-in-deleterious-16a4fdbi.png Figure 2. VSRFM and VSRFM-s scores. VSRFM score in deleterious (red) and neutral (blue) variants and purposed cutoff (A). Distribution of VSRFM-s score and chosen cutoff value (B). https://scispace.com/papers/variant-sars-cov-2-mrna-vaccines-confer-broad-neutralization-2zr1y8hlqs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-s-protein-substitutions-in-sars-cov-2-variants-3dpa578r.png Table 1. S protein substitutions in SARS-CoV-2 variants evaluated in this study. https://scispace.com/papers/variation-and-change-in-grammatical-gender-marking-the-case-4mxxv3t5um 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-usage-of-standard-determiner-forms-3lrw6qx9.png Figure 2: Percentage of usage of standard determiner forms for neuter heads broken down for speaker background, age group and city. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-common-gender-average-usage-of-standard-flexion-per-21987qpp.png Figure 1: Common gender: average usage of standard flexion per background. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-percentage-of-usage-of-standard-inflected-adnominal-3dvtznc1.png Figure 5: Percentage of usage of standard inflected adnominal forms for indefinite neuter heads broken down for speaker background and age group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-percentage-of-usage-of-standard-determiner-forms-25aw8k7x.png Figure 4: Percentage of usage of standard determiner forms for neuter heads broken down for determiner type. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-percentage-of-usage-of-standard-determiner-forms-34ap7oew.png Figure 3: Percentage of usage of standard determiner forms for neuter heads broken down for the background of the interlocutor (‘partner’). https://scispace.com/papers/variation-in-chemical-profiles-within-large-seizures-of-mhzr3zvbya 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-target-compounds-used-for-the-profiling-of-the-15vnmjjl.png Table 3 Target compounds used for the profiling of the residual solvents and their retention time (RT). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pca-score-plots-for-the-three-large-seizures-a-b-1jj2n1bb.png Figure 2 PCA score plots for the three large seizures (A, B and C) together with 124 random cocaine seizures (O) analysed between 2012 and 2015. Top: Alkaloid PCA score plot. The individual groups observed within case B and C are depicted. Bottom: Residual solvent PCA score plot. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-minimum-and-maximum-pairwise-cosine-distances-2d2bnkig.png Table 4 Mean, minimum and maximum pairwise cosine distances (range 0 - 1) between the alkaloid and residual solvent profiles within each of the large seizures (within the group) and between the large seizures and 124 random cocaine seizures (to random seizures). The groups presented underneath case B and C (B1 – B4 and C1 – C2) is based upon the alkaloid PCA score plot in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-all-pairwise-cosine-distances-4nbnpnde.png Figure 3 Distribution of all pairwise cosine distances within each of the three large seizures A, B and C. Alkaloid distances (left) and residual solvent distances (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-cocaine-bricks-in-the-three-cases-224eb021.png Table 1 Description of the cocaine bricks in the three cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-imprinted-logos-on-the-cocaine-bricks-in-case-a-2hh7zme8.png Figure 1 Imprinted logos on the cocaine bricks in case A (left), B (right, top) and C (right, bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-chromatograms-showing-the-alkaloid-chemical-1h5yths7.png Figure 4 Chromatograms showing the alkaloid chemical profiles of the two alkaloid samples with the highest cosine distance between them. The two samples originate from case B. Top: Alkaloid profile for sample 1 (group B4). Bottom: Alkaloid profile for sample 2 (group B3). The peaks are as follows: (1) ecgonine methylester, (2) ecgonine, (3) tropacocaine, (4) benzoylecgonine, (5) norcocaine, (6) ciscinnamoylcocaine, (7) trans-cinnamoylcocaine, (8) 3,4,5-trimethoxycocaine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-chromatograms-showing-the-residual-solvent-chemical-35s8kagb.png Figure 5 Chromatograms showing the residual solvent chemical profiles of the two samples with the highest cosine distance between them. The two samples originate from case B. Top: Residual solvent profile for sample 1 (group B4). Bottom: Residual solvent profile for sample 2 (group B3). The peaks are as follows: (1) diethyl ether, (2) acetone, (3) isopropyl alcohol, (4) n-pentane, (5) dichloromethane, (6) n-hexane, (7) 2-butanone, (8) ethyl acetate, (9) cyclohexane, (10) benzene, (11) n-heptane, (12) methyl cyclohexane, (13) n-propyl acetate, (14) toluene, (15) isobutyl acetate, (16) mesityl oxide, (17) m-xylene, (18) o-xylene, (19) mesitylene. https://scispace.com/papers/variation-in-mistletoe-seed-deposition-effects-of-intra-and-32gos4m8kk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relative-abundance-number-infected-and-number-of-2fu2i7xi.png Table 1. Relative abundance, number infected, and number of individuals receiving seeds among the hosts of P. californicum. Data are based on 23, 50×8 m transects that included 168 host trees (dataset 1). Values in parentheses are expected values, assuming that numbers of individuals that were parasitized and that received seeds were independent of species. The overall frequency of parasitism was 24.4% and the overall frequency of individuals that received seeds was 32.7%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-fraction-of-hosts-receiving-seeds-increased-with-152hlob7.png Fig. 2. The fraction of hosts receiving seeds increased with height in O. tesota (lower panel). Previously infected hosts (open circles) had a higher probability of receiving seeds than uninfected hosts (filled circles). Logistic regression: logit (p)= −2.825+0.857(height)+1.414(infection) (intercept 2=5.57, p=0.018; height 2=9.48, p=0.002; infect 2=20.15, p 0.0001; N=102). In contrast, in C. microphyllum (upper panel) there was no significant effect of host height (the logistic regression coefficients for height were non-significant for infected and non-infected trees 2 1, p 0.1, N=101). However there was a highly significant effect of previous infection on the fraction of hosts receiving seeds (logistic regression coefficient for infection status, 2=21.18, p 0.001, N=101). Trees have been divided into size classes for visual clarity. Bars are SE. Curves were fitted using the logistic equation shown above. https://scispace.com/papers/variation-in-population-sex-ratio-and-mating-success-of-rfk2z08faz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-female-mating-success-in-the-ashley-schiff-3mtnhb9t.png Table 2. Female mating success in the Ashley Schiff population of Alsophila pometaria https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-male-proportion-in-long-island-sites-2tjjkxit.png Table 1. Male proportion in Long Island sites https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-alsophila-pometaria-collection-sites-on-long-island-2yeafnxa.png Figure 1. Alsophila pometaria collection sites on Long Island, New York. https://scispace.com/papers/variation-in-phenotypic-plasticity-for-native-and-invasive-42nt754x46 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-maximum-photosynthetic-rate-amax-over-a-range-of-leaf-3mq89lwv.png Fig. 3 Maximum photosynthetic rate (Amax) over a range of leaf temperatures for native and invasive B. tectorum populations grown at different temperatures. Values are populationlevel means ± 1 SE https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-repeated-measures-analysis-of-variance-p-values-for-hx546omg.png Table 3 Repeated measures analysis of variance P-values for maximal carbon assimilation (Amax) in B. tectorum https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cumulative-emergence-for-native-and-invasive-b-hzizu81i.png Fig. 1 Cumulative emergence for native and invasive B. tectorum populations across temperature treatments. The horizontal reference line indicates 50 % emergence. Values are population-level means ± 1 SE https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analysis-of-variance-p-values-for-fixed-effect-tests-lmc8k8nh.png Table 2 Analysis of variance P-values for fixed-effect tests https://scispace.com/papers/variation-in-supermarket-exposure-to-energy-dense-snack-181i3nsd8p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shelf-space-m-allocated-to-two-litre-coca-colatm-2kprcmfw.png Figure 2. Shelf space (m) allocated to two litre Coca Cola™ and Pepsi™ soft drink varieties in Australian supermarkets located in the most and least socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-numbers-of-varieties-of-fruits-and-vegetables-and-31x04nvs.png Table 2. Numbers of varieties of fruits and vegetables and energy-dense snack foods and drinks in supermarkets located in the most and least socioeconomically disadvantaged areas in Melbourne, Australia. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-shelf-space-in-metres-unadjusted-for-total-store-286zqcah.png Figure 1. Shelf space (in metres, unadjusted for total store size) allocated to soft drinks, crisps, chocolate and confectionery in Australian supermarkets located in the most and least socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. Mean values and p-value for comparison of means also presented. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-shelf-space-aisle-length-in-metres-adjusted-for-28o7df94.png Table 1. Shelf space (aisle length in metres*) adjusted for total store size, of fruits and vegetables and energy-dense snack foods and drinks in supermarkets located in the most and least socioeconomically disadvantaged areas in Melbourne, Australia. https://scispace.com/papers/variation-in-the-pith-parameter-of-gmelina-arborea-trees-12d5unkuq9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-analysis-of-variance-of-pith-parameters-in-gmelina-1jd1wlq5.png Table III. Analysis of variance of pith parameters in Gmelina arborea trees from fast growth plantations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-location-of-pith-in-cross-section-for-all-discs-a-q1nzhts7.png Figure 4. Location of pith in cross section for all discs (a), number of time that pith in the geometric center of tree (b), variation of pith distance from geometric center along tree height (c), and effect of climate condition and management intensity on pith distance from geometric center (d) in Gmelina arborea trees on a fast growth plantation in Costa Rica. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-mean-and-95-confidence-limits-of-pith-diameter-3a845ois.png Figure 3. (a) Mean and 95% confidence limits of pith diameter for different management regimes and climates and (b) variation in pith diameter with tree height level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-the-plantations-sampled-under-two-ceef4ljv.png Figure 1. Location of the plantations sampled under two tropical climatic conditions in Costa Rica. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-variation-in-pith-eccentricity-in-relation-to-tree-1c3cvvbm.png Figure 5. Variation in pith eccentricity in relation to tree height (a), effect of climate type and plantation management intensity on pith eccentricity, variation in pith percentage along tree height (c) and effect of climate type and plantation management intensity on pith percentage. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-geographical-location-and-description-of-the-30yodfg1.png Table II. Geographical location and description of the sampled plantations in two different climates in Costa Rica. https://scispace.com/papers/variation-in-valuation-how-research-groups-accumulate-2h4vakkwci 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-implications-of-the-variations-found-for-the-shape-2kb5314z.png Fig. 2 The implications of the variations found for the shape of the credibility cycle: (1) recognition as a source of data, (2) direct conversion of staff and equipment to arguments, and (3) additional sources of recognition (beside publications) https://scispace.com/papers/variation-of-positiveness-to-enhance-testing-of-specimens-3ugz5hhb3g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-random-number-of-positives-uncertainty-analysis-in-kn9ofpj2.png Figure 2. Random number of positives. Uncertainty analysis in tests for random number of positives (randomly selected), ranging from 0.8% to 5% of total patients. Using 10 tubes (m= 10), and l = 3, 4, and 5, corresponding to a total number of patients n= 120, 210, and 252, respectively. Left plot: percentage of negative patients successfully identified. Right column: solutions found for positive patients (note that once a solution is found 100% of positives are identified). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fixed-number-of-positives-uncertainty-analysis-in-nsu054ch.png Figure 1. Fixed number of positives. Uncertainty analysis in tests using 8 tubes (m= 8), for fixed number of randomly selected positives, ranging from 2.86% to 21.43% of total patients. Each calculation point is an average of 100 repetitions. Left column: percentage of negative patients successfully identified. Right column: solutions found for positive patients (note that once a solution is found 100% of positives are identified). Rows top to bottom: l = 3, 4, and 5, with n= 28, 56, and 70, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/variation-of-nonsynonymous-synonymous-rate-ratios-at-hla-2aq8ac4jz0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pairwise-estimates-for-intra-lineage-and-inter-lineage-1a3mhsgt.png Fig. 2 Pairwise estimates for intra-lineage and inter-lineage pairs of alleles. These results refer to ARS data sets prior to the removal of recombinants, for pairwise analyses; Green, inter-lineage; purple, intra-lineage; gray, non-ARS ; * significant difference between ω̄ (intra) and ω̄ (inter) (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon rank sum test) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-representation-of-the-allelic-phylogenies-2brab1ne.png Fig. 3 Schematic representation of the allelic phylogenies used in the branch models approach. Left: terminal vs internal branches; right: intra-lineage vs inter-lineage; For the branch models approach, we labeled branches of each tree (HLA-A, -B and -C) as “intra/inter” or “terminal/internal” and ran model 2 (CODEML), which allows for two independent ω values to be estimated, according to these labels https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-alleles-and-codons-for-different-data-sets-3rbkfov7.png Table 1 Number of alleles and codons for different data sets. a, included all available alleles in release 3.1.0, 2010-07-15., including possible recombinants; b, SM, data set used for site models, i.e, after selection of alleles with complete coding sequences; c, R/NR, with and without recombinants data sets; d, BM (branch models) pruned data set is the NR data set after prunning for alleles which do not cluster intra their respective allelic lineages (see Methods) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pairwise-estimations-for-substitution-rates-data-2bewfzeb.png Table 4 Pairwise estimations for substitution rates (data sets prior to the removal of recombinants). a, quantiles of divergence (dSnon-ARS); b, average pairwise dN/dS; c, bold refers to the average pairwise values for each locus; d, percentages correspond to the proportion of pairs for which dN > dS in relation to the total number of pairwise comparisons https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-branch-model-dn-ds-estimations-and-lrt-results-ars-32t3q20t.png Table 2 Branch model dN/dS estimations and LRT results (ARS data sets). * significance at 5%; Data sets after removal of recombinants (NR); a, ω estimate under model 0 (one for all branches); b, ω inter lineages; c, ω intra lineages d, negative log-likelihood difference between two nested models; e, ω for internal branches; f, ω for terminal branches https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-branch-model-dn-ds-estimations-and-lrt-results-non-by3zz5it.png Table 3 Branch model dN/dS estimations and LRT results (non-ARS data set). * significance at 5%; Data sets after removal of recombinants (NR); a, ω estimate under model 0 (one for all branches); b, ω inter lineages; c, ω intra lineages; d, negative log-likelihood difference between two nested models; e, ω for internal branches; f, ω for terminal branches https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-hla-a-mafs-for-snps-in-the-1000-genomes-dataset-39rsvacp.png Table 6 HLA-A: MAFs for SNPs in the 1000 Genomes dataset. Overall, set of variable positions considering all sequences in the site models dataset after removal of recombinants. Intra, subset of the ’Overall’ set which is variable only within one allelic lineage for the locus. Inter, subset of the ’Overall’ set which is variable within more than one allelic lineage. Var.Pos, set of all variable positions in the site models dataset. Var.Pos.1000g, subset of Var.Pos which is a SNP in the 1000G low coverage Phase I data. MAF, minor allele frequency. For details, see Methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-hla-b-mafs-for-snps-in-the-1000-genomes-dataset-mafs-xk3vvc28.png Table 7 HLA-B: MAFs for SNPs in the 1000 Genomes dataset. MAFs for SNPs in the 1000 Genomes dataset. Overall, set of variable positions considering all sequences in the site models dataset after removal of recombinants. Intra, subset of the ’Overall’ set which is variable only within one allelic lineage for the locus. Inter, subset of the ’Overall’ set which is variable within more than one allelic lineage. Var.Pos, set of all variable positions in the site models dataset. Var.Pos.1000g, subset of Var.Pos which is a SNP in the 1000G low coverage Phase I data. MAF, minor allele frequency. For details, see Methods. https://scispace.com/papers/variation-of-quench-propagation-velocities-in-ybco-cables-1c4mlylm1r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relative-material-proportions-of-the-non-insulated-3veo07p7.png Table 1 Relative material proportions of the non-insulated cable https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-cable-configuration-with-insulation-layer-used-in-1ycg1cp5.png Fig. 1 (a) Cable configuration with insulation layer used in the quench computations. (b) Schematic view from the part of the computational domain used in the simulation. Homogenized material parameters were used for the cable sections [5]. Only the insulation of the cable was modelled as an insulation layer. Figures are not in scale. In (b) not all the modelled cables are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-transverse-nzpv-as-a-function-of-distance-from-the-hot-3vb2iyum.png Fig. 5 Transverse NZPV as a function of distance from the hot spot with different values of Tcs. Plot is normalized to a NZPV value achieved from the distance of 3 mm from the hot spot. Inset shows absolute values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-temperature-as-a-function-of-distance-from-the-hot-ww6tqwsc.png Fig. 6 Temperature as a function of distance from the hot spot when Tcs is 15 K (dotted line in figure). Time between the curves is constant 50 ms. Quench evolution distance on a 50 ms time frame: a) 0.8 mm b) 0.9 mm c) 0.9 mm d) 1.0 mm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temperature-as-a-function-of-distance-from-the-hot-2gs7dkf2.png Fig. 4 Temperature as a function of distance from the hot spot when Tcs is 15 K (dotted line in figure). First curve is at 1 ms, second at 50 ms, third at 100 ms and so on. Quench evolution distance on a 50 ms time frame: a) 15 mm b) 20 mm c) 21 mm d) 22 mm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-volumetric-fraction-of-the-volume-that-has-reached-tcs-17kocpd4.png Fig. 3 Volumetric fraction of the volume that has reached Tcs and volume where T ≥ 4.3 K. This means temperature increase of more than https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-magnetic-field-values-used-in-the-computation-1xte4bjo.png Table 2 Magnetic field values used in the computation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-longitudinal-nzpv-as-a-function-of-distance-from-the-3sci0dy4.png Fig. 2 Longitudinal NZPV as a function of distance from the hot spot with different values of Tcs. Plot is normalized to a NZPV value achieved from the distance of 100 mm from the hot spot. The inset presents absolute values. https://scispace.com/papers/variation-of-mucin-adhesion-cell-surface-characteristics-and-30meksivcb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-agglutination-of-saccharomyces-cerevisiae-mediated-by-2z7uydj1.png Fig. 2 Agglutination of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mediated by mannose-specific adhering protein of Lactobacillus plantarum (×10 dilution) observed under bright-light microscopy (200-fold magnification) in the absence (A1, B1, C1) and presence (A2, B2, C2) of methylα-D-mannoside https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mucin-adhesion-cell-surface-property-yeast-215w51rk.png Table 1 Mucin adhesion, cell surface property, yeast agglutination, coaggregation with E. coli O157:H7, and competitive adhesion (exclusion and displacement) against food-borne pathogenic bacteria of L. plantarum isolates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-domain-organization-within-the-msa-protein-like-161cd89e.png Fig. 3 Domain organization within the Msa protein like adhesin (lp_1229) and mucus-binding protein (lp_1643, lp_3114, lp_0964, lp_3127, lp_2486, lp_3059) according to HMM and CDD search https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-adhesion-ability-of-l-plantarum-after-exposures-to-a-2y5jayli.png Fig. 1 Adhesion ability of L. plantarum after exposures to (a) GIT stresses, (b) chloroform and ethyl acetate partition assay, and (c) trypsin and protein denaturants (5 M LiCl and 4 M guanidine-HCl) compared with non-treated one as a control https://scispace.com/papers/variational-algorithms-for-analyzing-noisy-multi-state-4jwrabub6e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-model-for-simulated-tracking-of-fluorescent-trna-3vkir92f.png Figure 4. Model for simulated tracking of fluorescent tRNA molecules. (a) Cross-section of the simulation geometry, which consists of concentric cylinders with spherical endcaps, representing the nucleoid (blue) floating in the cytoplasm (red). Scale bar (black) 1 µm. (b) Kinetic model of the tRNA cycle. Two states B1, B2 with low diffusion coefficient represent ribosome bound states, and are excluded from the nucleoid, while the two unbound (U) and ternary complex (TC) states are free to roam the whole cell. (c) A simulated frame with two fluorophores in a single cell, with cell outline (red) and particle tracks (yellow) added. Pixels size 80 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-analysis-of-simulated-microscopy-data-the-different-2nz5bomt.png Figure 5. Analysis of simulated microscopy data. The different ground truth models are denoted by their total bound state dwell times, τB = 0.05s, 0.1s, 0.2s, and 0.4s, respectively. a) Number of states selected by the VB and PBF criteria. b) Diffusion coefficients for VB-selected models. Dashed colored lines indicate the true diffusion constants of the U, TC , and B1,2 states. For the 0.05 s model, two states near 0.1 µm2 s−1 are found. c) Kinetic scheme of the 4-state 0.05 s model, with transition probabilities per time-step below 10−8∆t−1 suppressed. States are named and colored according to the obvious similarity with the true scheme in Fig. 4b. For the true model, ku = 0.2∆t−1 and ktc = 0.067∆t−1. d) Bound (B) and unbound (U) state mean dwell times, computed from the transition probability matrix. For the 0.05 s model, we added the dwell times of the two B states. Dashed lines indicate the true mean dwell times. All precision indicators are bootstrap standard error of the mean, and all data sets contain about 16 000 steps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-model-search-with-different-initialization-3gqxqeki.png Figure 3. Model search with different initialization strategies. Each color/marker combination shows to the lower bounds lnL from the best model of each size found from different latent variable (hidden states st or position uncertainties yt, zt) initializations. (a) Model search from a single parameter initialization. (b) Best models from 50 independent restarts. https://scispace.com/papers/variational-rashba-splitting-in-two-dimensional-electron-2stgmcayoi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-different-terms-of-the-effective-hamiltonian-24smrfi8.png TABLE I. The different terms of the effective Hamiltonian used in the calculation of the energy expectation values and the Rashba variational splitting. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-potential-profile-obtained-envelope-e6vow7i6.png FIG. 1. Color online Potential profile obtained envelope functions and spin-split energies at kF for In0.52Al0.48As / In0.53Ga0.47As heterojunctions with ns=1.4 10 12 cm−2. Spin-dependent modified Fang-Howard trial functions are shown, with the axis on the right. The dotted lines give the infinite or perfect insulating barrier approximation, i.e., insulator / In0.53Ga0.47As. The inset expands the interface region to show more clearly the spin dependency of the envelope function. The band parameters used are m =0.041me, Eg=0.813 eV, and =0.326 eV for In0.53Ga0.47As and for In0.52Al0.48As:Eg=1.513 eV, =0.309 eV and m =0.073me obtained with the assumption of equal momentum matrix element, fixed with m in the well . sc=13.1 0 and for the conduction-band offset we have used v0=0.5 eV. With these parameters, m̄1=0.05me. https://scispace.com/papers/variations-in-fluid-chemistry-and-membrane-phospholipid-1i9y95lvsu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simplified-scheme-of-the-operating-modes-of-the-b9l1avw6.png Fig. 2: Simplified scheme of the operating modes of the Reichstag cold storage. (a) In winter water is pumped up from the warm side, cooled in a heat exchanger (HE) with water coming from air coolers, and re-injected into the cold side of the aquifer (charge mode). During the charge mode, the average water temperature in the cold storage decreases to 6-10°C. (b) In summer water is pumped from the cold side via an HE to the warm side (discharge mode). The cold water is used to cool down the air of the parliament buildings. The water is reinjected with temperatures between 15 and 30°C. F = particle filter; A and B = tapping points before and after the particle filters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-gc-ms-chromatograms-of-plfa-yfjgc87g.png Fig. 8: Comparison of GC-MS chromatograms of PLFA distributions representing filter extracts obtained during a) time of normal operating mode and b) time of reduced injection. Numbers indicate carbon number of fatty acids; i and ai = iso and anteiso branching positions, c and t = cis and trans configuration of double bond, Me = methyl branch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-ratio-of-dominating-monounsaturated-plfas-16-1-18-1-vs-2g513o4f.png Fig. 9: Ratio of dominating monounsaturated PLFAs (16:1, 18:1) vs main branched PLFA (i15:0, ai-15:0, 10-Me-16:0, i-17:0, ai-17:0) during the monitoring period. Average ratio value during normal operating mode (NOOP) is 6.1 and during time of reduced injection (RI) 47.8. DC = discharge mode, C = charge mode (see Fig. 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-concentration-open-circles-standard-deviation-below-1-39qmrikc.png Fig. 4: Concentration (open circles; standard deviation below 1 %) and carbon isotope composition of DOC (diamonds) during the monitoring period. The gray area indicates period of reduced injection. DC = discharge mode, C = charge mode see (Fig. 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sulfate-squares-and-chloride-triangles-concentrations-2w7cw23m.png Fig. 3: Sulfate (squares) and chloride (triangles) concentrations measured during the fluid monitoring of the Reichstag cold storage (standard deviation below 4 %). The gray area marks a period of reduced injection. DC = discharge mode, C = charge mode (see Fig. 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-hplc-esi-ms-chromatogram-of-the-phospholipid-signal-ltip2ktl.png Fig. 5: a) HPLC-ESI-MS chromatogram of the phospholipid signal of the bacterial community from the filter sample taken in August 2007 and mass spectra of b) phosphatidylglycerols (PG), c) phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), and d) phosphatidylcholines (PC) showing the main fatty acid combinations of intact phospholipids. ISTD = internal standard: deuterium-labeled Lyso-PC (1-palmitoyl-(D31)-2-hydroxy-glycero-3phosphocholine). X:Y = carbon number of PLFA : number of double bonds. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-characteristic-parameters-of-the-fluid-11kco8zs.png Table 2: Average characteristic parameters of the fluid within the ATES; n.m. = not measured, b.d. = below detection limit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-percentage-proportions-of-the-intact-phospholipid-pl-3us0ipvo.png Fig. 6: Percentage proportions of the intact phospholipid (PL) pattern of filter samples from the Reichstag cold storage during the monitoring period. The months in bold indicate the two time intervals of reduced injection. PG = phosphatidylglycerol, PE = phosphatidylethanolamine, PC = phosphatidylcholine; DC = discharge mode, C = charge mode (see Fig. 2); RI = time of reduced injection, NOOP = normal operating mode. https://scispace.com/papers/variations-in-mhc-drb1-exon2-and-associations-with-7xupd125tn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-variable-sites-and-amino-acid-changes-of-chinese-3jcuku0t.png Table 3. Variable sites and amino acid changes of Chinese Merino sheep MHC-DRB1 exon2 328 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-number-of-snp-and-amino-acid-mutation-loci-in-2b46m3wj.png Table 4. The number of SNP and amino acid mutation loci in different sheep breeds 330 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-composition-of-every-ld-block-with-different-4o8ub92r.png Table 5. The composition of every LD Block with different SNPs 331 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-allele-frequencies-of-pcr-sscp-products-about-mhc-6a0rb8x7.png Table 1. Allele frequencies of PCR-SSCP products about MHC-DRB1 exon2 322 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-haplotypes-frequencies-of-snps-in-case-control-3hpunoai.png Table 6. The Haplotypes frequencies of SNPs in case-control MHC-DRB1 exon2 332 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-genotype-frequencies-of-pcr-sscp-products-about-mhc-2h8x0pi4.png Table 2. Genotype frequencies of PCR-SSCP products about MHC-DRB1 exon2 325 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-figure-of-linkage-disequilibrium-haplotypes-35v8srh6.png Figure 4. The figure of linkage disequilibrium Haplotypes based case-control sample. Note: 315 The first line number indicates the location of SNPs; and the second line of figures indicate 316 the number of SNPs, a total of 29. The number in graph box is the value of linkage 317 disequilibrium(D'), D' values greater the darker, which means that the higher the degree of 318 linkage disequilibrium. Conversely represents the lower the degree of linkage disequilibrium. 319 https://scispace.com/papers/variations-in-the-price-of-foods-and-nutrients-in-the-uk-3ecbnzh2a7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-proportion-of-statistically-significant-correlations-2q4rvxle.png Table 6: Proportion of statistically significant correlations between maximum willingness to pay and household characteristics . https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-cost-of-household-rdis-descriptive-statistics-298qvst9.png Table 7: The cost of household RDI’s, descriptive statistics, pence-per-household. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-density-of-the-distribution-of-rdi-indices-1ngshv6a.png Figure 5: The density of the distribution of RDI indices. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-cost-of-household-rdis-as-a-linear-function-of-wy1jboga.png Table 8: The cost of household RDI’s as a linear function of household characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regional-food-price-indices-2000-14ctv538.png Table 4: Regional food price indices, 2000. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proportion-of-statistically-significant-correlations-2mqan8fq.png Table 2: Proportion of statistically significant correlations between unit price and household characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-density-of-the-distribution-of-the-coefficient-27bi2eyk.png Figure 3: The density of the distribution of the coefficient of variation of food prices https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-regional-rdi-cost-indices-2000-2tl2h7rc.png Table 9: Regional RDI cost indices, 2000. https://scispace.com/papers/variations-in-state-level-sars-cov-2-testing-recommendations-5nct2gein3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-count-of-states-in-each-phase-of-covid-19-vaccine-2bwygsrw.png Figure 6. Count of states in each phase of COVID-19 vaccine administration rollout, 393 December 2020-February 2021. Darker colors represent states that were at least as 394 inclusive as ACIP with their vaccine prioritization guidelines; pastel colors represent 395 states that were more restrictive than ACIP guidelines. 396 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sars-cov-2-testing-recommendation-scores-a-and-sars-3da1n4za.png Figure 3. SARS-CoV-2 testing recommendation scores (A) and SARS-CoV-2 tests per 370 1000 people (B) from March-July, 2020 in the United States. 371 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-association-between-the-rate-of-testing-for-sars-2cfj30p7.png Figure 4. Association between the rate of testing for SARS-CoV-2 (per capita) and the 378 completeness of death reporting, as measured by the ratio between reported COVID-19 379 deaths and excess deaths due to pneumonia/influenza/coronavirus (PIC). The line +/-380 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sars-cov-2-tests-per-1000-population-in-the-united-nag7v4jn.png Figure 2. SARS-CoV-2 tests per 1000 population in the United States (A) and the 360 percentage of positive SARS-CoV-2 tests (B), March-July 2020. Each state has a line; 361 colors of lines are determined by geographic region per the inserted map. 362 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-387-covid-19-vaccine-doses-administered-per-100000-2a891bo1.png Figure 5. 387 COVID-19 vaccine doses administered per 100,000 population in the United States, 388 December 2020-February 2021. Each state has a line; colors of lines are determined by 389 geographic region per the inserted map. 390 https://scispace.com/papers/variations-of-safety-factors-for-bridges-over-their-lifetime-ym2ig5t272 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-maximum-bending-moment-ratio-mx-m0-with-increasing-lhd25dm3.png Figure 1. Maximum bending moment ratio Mx/M0 with increasing spans for changing live load definitions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-life-cycle-reliability-index-and-normative-safety-2lrhxztz.png Figure 3. Life-cycle reliability index and normative safety index for flexure https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-general-bridge-dimensions-39w3yabp.png Table 1. General bridge dimensions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-general-arrangement-of-bridges-10q7luhm.png Figure 2. General arrangement of bridges https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-variations-in-life-cycle-importance-factors-for-the-4atw8f76.png Figure 4. Variations in life-cycle importance factors for the a.) slab, b.) beam, and c.) prestressed concrete bridges https://scispace.com/papers/variations-on-the-pear-tree-experiment-different-variables-1zhcyzzmeb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-adjectives-found-in-the-texts-3p3fzflq.png Table 15. Adjectives found in the texts https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-reference-to-the-toy-3gawnucp.png Table 9. Reference to the toy https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-objects-mentioned-in-bike-fall-scene-36uttlo4.png Table 6. Objects mentioned in bike fall scene https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-explanations-of-cause-of-fall-3kwyfqbl.png Table 7. Explanations of cause of fall https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-allusions-to-the-film-as-film-or-film-2gmrlju7.png Table 3. Number of allusions to the film as film or film-viewer perspective https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-list-of-actions-1ot02bge.png Table 14. List of actions https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-stylistic-variation-2br0gwyu.png Table 8. Stylistic variation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-verb-tenses-used-in-texts-3lu3a0qr.png Table 4. Verb tenses used in texts https://scispace.com/papers/varieties-of-capitalism-and-resilience-clusters-an-331i9ctsad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-6do55nql.png Table 3. Correlation https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlation-for-change-in-gdp-unemployment-and-r-d-2em1zsyb.png Table 5. Correlation for change in GDP, Unemployment and R&D, by Resilience Cluster https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-resilience-clusters-in-europe-3hu519jq.png Figure 1. Resilience Clusters in Europe https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-econometric-models-for-change-in-gdp-unemployment-jg970px9.png Table 4. Econometric models for change in GDP, Unemployment rate and R&D expenditure (Total Sample) Source: Own elaboration with Eurostat data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-independent-variables-and-descriptive-statistics-3tow96kw.png Table 2. Independent Variables and Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-institutional-characteristics-by-variety-of-jhaa7hnb.png Table 1. Institutional characteristics by Variety of Capitalism https://scispace.com/papers/varieties-of-environmental-labelling-market-structures-and-2jrh83xown 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conceptual-model-of-determinants-influencing-the-g2pub2j9.png Fig. 1 Conceptual model of determinants influencing the purchase of environmental-labelled goods https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-of-respondents-that-bought-environmental-labelled-2x0y73hf.png Fig. 2 Mean of respondents that bought environmental-labelled products (in %) and per capita expenditure on organic food (in €) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-logistic-hierarchical-regression-models-of-ifpkghjm.png Table 2 Logistic hierarchical regression models of purchasing environmental-labelled goods, unstandardized regression coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-logistic-hierarchical-regression-models-models-7-to-y58a29dx.png Table 4 Logistic hierarchical regression models (Models 7 to 9) of purchasing environmental-labelled goods, unstandardized regression coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-logistic-hierarchical-regression-models-models-4-to-1p8zyw02.png Table 3 Logistic hierarchical regression models (Models 4 to 6) of purchasing environmental-labelled goods, unstandardized regression coefficients https://scispace.com/papers/variety-and-the-evolution-of-refinery-processing-yltvqsfbwj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-twin-characteristics-representation-of-a-product-uycd9ngy.png Fig. 1. The twin characteristics representation of a product model. The double arrow between technical https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-evolution-of-refining-technology-varieties-1n61fkft.png Fig. 3. Evolution of refining technology varieties https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diagram-of-process-combination-for-a-1990-s-refinery-6jjz1tno.png Fig. 2. Diagram of process combination for a 1990's refinery https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-variation-of-the-weitzman-measure-using-the-smallest-3idchmpw.png Fig. 6: Variation of the Weitzman measure using the smallest Euclidean distance https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-historical-and-future-trends-in-gasoline-and-diesel-1a43fid6.png Table 3: Historical and future trends in gasoline and diesel specifications in developed countries https://scispace.com/papers/varieties-of-misrepresentation-and-homomorphism-543fzjifth 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-morphisms-and-inaccuracy-na2ubm1j.png Table 2: Morphisms and Inaccuracy https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-morphisms-28r12huf.png Table 1: Morphisms https://scispace.com/papers/variety-in-the-knowledge-base-of-knowledge-intensive-5f2g5fwd5e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-traditional-kibs-sectors-39m1uhj1.png Table 2: Traditional KIBS Sectors https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-details-of-educational-requirements-occupational-3e4xl8ln.png Table 3: Details of educational requirements, occupational volume and structure (%) by KIBS sector https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-skill-intensity-across-kibs-sectors-p-p-kibs-j1b9ez16.png Figure 1. Skill Intensity across KIBS sectors (P=P-KIBS) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-significance-test-for-differences-within-and-across-2d3hy1in.png Table 4: Significance test for differences within and across KIBS groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-o-net-standardized-skill-set-1auiaw96.png Table 1: O*NET Standardized Skill set https://scispace.com/papers/vasabi-hierarchical-user-profiles-for-interactive-visual-3j2sx5q9gi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-exploring-users-of-interest-user-khoryphos-appears-to-43mxn4xq.png Fig. 8. Exploring users of interest. User Khoryphos appears to be abnormal with high anomaly scores and using both mobile and desktop operating systems equally frequently. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-exploring-sessions-of-interest-selecting-sessions-from-2crxa7s2.png Fig. 9. Exploring sessions of interest. Selecting sessions from two different operating systems for investigation. There are clear differenences between the two. Note: This figure is composed from two screenshots to save space. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-exploring-multiple-features-of-user-groups-group-g9-3snxqxi6.png Fig. 7. Exploring multiple features of user groups. Group G9 stands out as abnormal: its users perform many sessions with a high number of unique actions. The sessions have high anomaly scores, start late and have different browser distribution compared to other groups. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-vasabi-interface-realises-our-multifaceted-visual-1zz2clqh.png Fig. 1. The VASABI interface realises our multifaceted, visual user behaviour analysis approach through hierarchical profiles. We concurrently visualise and interrelate: clusters of users based on tasks extracted with a topic-modelling based approach (top-left), user profiles with multiple features (top-right) and distribution of sessions over time (middle). Selected sessions (brown brush over temporal histogram) are also highlighted both within the user profiles as orange dots and analysed further in the session timeline (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-visualisation-of-user-profiles-each-row-is-a-visual-327fr50g.png Fig. 4. Visualisation of user profiles. Each row is a visual profile for a user, consisting of visual summary of multiple features. These users belong to the same group, G0, whose profile is placed at the top. Sessions of interest (external input) are shown as orange dots and the slightly deviated one is manually highlighted here with a blue circle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-visualisation-of-user-tasks-each-task-is-shown-as-a-16ko1iuq.png Fig. 5. Visualisation of user tasks. Each task is shown as a set of coloured squares, each representing a dominant action in the task. On the left, two task distributions are shown using lighter and darker grey, enabling comparison, e.g., single user vs. all other users in a group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-semi-automated-clustering-approach-is-used-for-the-12ib1nps.png Fig. 6. A semi-automated clustering approach is used for the simplification of the colourmapping. A word2vec representation is fed into the t-SNE algorithm to find a projection of actions where action similarities are preserved (as much as possible) in the resulting 2D space. We then use this embedding and the action labels to manually identify 9 groups and map distinct colours to each. The rest of actions are assign to the same colour (group 10). https://scispace.com/papers/vascular-expression-driven-by-the-promoter-of-a-gene-4tssxngoqk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-expression-of-the-gus-reporter-gene-in-the-roots-of-2rzii6b4.png Fig. 5 Expression of the GUS reporter gene in the roots of transgenic tobacco submitted to K+ starvation. Samples were collected at different times (12  h, 24  h, and 6 days) after K+ deprivation. After 6 days exposed to K+-free hydroponic solution, K+ was resupplied and seedling roots were collected after 30 h (30 h + K). Each time point represents the average data with standard errors from three biological replicates (*p < 0.05). Three independent lines (6, 17 and 18) were analyzed. The expression under control condition (C) was arbitrarily set to 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-validation-of-the-root-specific-expression-of-the-est-1kzgsztm.png Fig. 1 Validation of the root-specific expression of the EST candidate selected in silico. a Qualitative RT-PCR analysis of the distribution of the target transcripts in different E. grandis organs/tissues. 1 pool of leaves of different ages; 2 root from 6-month-old seedlings; 3 cambium sample from 6-year-old trees; 4 stem from 6-month-old seedlings; 5 pool of flower buds and fruits. b Relative expression of the selected gene in root samples harvested from Eucalyptus of different ages. 1 roots from 1-month-old seedlings; 2 roots from 6-monthold seedlings; 3 roots from 40-day-old micropropagated seedlings; 4 stems from 40-day-old micropropagated seedlings. Average data with standard errors from three replicates is presented https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-histochemical-localization-of-gus-activity-in-2kauk748.png Fig. 4 Histochemical localization of GUS activity in seedlings of a representative transgenic tobacco line (06) harboring the EgHAK promoter:GUS expression cassette. a and b Leaf samples showing GUS staining at leaf-veins. c Higher magnification of a leaf petiole. d and e Root samples with GUS staining in the vascular tissues. f Cross-section of a stained root showing GUS signal in the phloem cells (arrow). g GUS staining in the vasculature of the hypocotyl of a 25 day-old seedling https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-representation-of-the-putative-root-specific-1x20a1bp.png Fig. 3 Schematic representation of the putative root-specific cisregulatory motifs and RAP2.11 and ARF2 binding sites found in the promoter regions (2 kb upstream from the start codon) of EgHAK5, AtHAK5 and PtHAK5.1. The symbols corresponding to each annotated cis-element are depicted https://scispace.com/papers/varlock-privacy-preserving-storage-and-dissemination-of-1yvfxsib72 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-workflow-of-the-unmasking-method-where-a-bdiff-file-3etps6e3.png Figure 2: Workflow of the unmasking method, where a BDIFF file is decrypted and used to unmask a masked BAM file to restore a personal BAM file. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-ratio-of-masked-alleles-to-not-masked-alleles-1x4iiwwr.png Figure 7: The ratio of masked alleles to not masked alleles and its relation to population allele frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-workflow-of-a-sharing-method-showing-decryption-of-me0oiwhr.png Figure 3: Workflow of a sharing method showing decryption of BDIFF and encryption of its subrange intended for a specific user. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-distribution-of-alternative-allele-frequency-qmce26dd.png Figure 6: The distribution of alternative allele frequency reported by population VCF, personal VCF, and masked VCF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-intersections-between-sets-of-positions-with-3vm0gts2.png Figure 5: Intersections between sets of positions with alternative alleles from three VCF files: population VCF, personal VCF, and masked VCF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-all-masked-vcfs-including-outliers-in-their-1580o16s.png Figure 9: All masked VCFs, including outliers in their personal form, are clustered in the same region. The lines link individual original BAMs (circles) with their masked counterparts (triangles). For detail of the cluster, see Figure 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-flow-of-masking-and-unmasking-alleles-at-a-single-1416t7qd.png Figure 4: Flow of masking and unmasking alleles at a single variant position within covering alignments. The masking is represented as “mask alleles” in Figure 1, and the unmasking is represented as “unmask alleles” in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-workflow-of-the-masking-method-where-bam-file-and-lv1qjbt9.png Figure 1: Workflow of the masking method, where BAM file and VOF file are processed into masked BAM and BDIFF. The BDIFF file is subsequently encrypted. https://scispace.com/papers/vascular-epiphytes-contribute-disproportionately-to-global-3cui7q59w9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-latitudinal-gradients-in-a-the-proportion-of-1bhlxnc5.png Figure 2. Latitudinal gradients in (A) the proportion of epiphyte (green) and terrestrial (gold) plant species, and latitudinal asymmetries for epiphyte quotients % of (B) seed plants and (C) pteridophytes between the northern(purple) and southern hemispheres (green). Points indicate regions weighted by species richness, with larger points indicating higher species richness. Lines indicate the strength of the relationship, including 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-global-patterns-of-area-corrected-epiphyte-species-2zqmtmjt.png Figure 1. Global patterns of area-corrected epiphyte species richness per 10,000 km-2, (A) for all vascular epiphytes and for six of the most species-rich epiphyte families; (B) Araceae, (C) Bromeliaceae, (D) Ericaceae, (E) Piperaceae, (F) Polypodiaceae, and (G) Orchidaceae. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-standardised-coefficient-plots-showing-the-effect-2d9sg3xh.png Figure 4. Standardised coefficient plots showing the effect of region area (Area, km2), elevational range (Elevation, m), tropical forest area (Trop. Forest, km2), mean minimum monthly temperature (Temperature, °C), mean annual precipitation (Precipitation, mm), precipitation seasonality (Seasonality, CV of Precipitation), ice cover during the last glacial maximum (LGM Ice Cover, km2), and tropical forest area during the Mid-Miocene Thermal Optimum (Miocene Trop. Forest, km2) on the total number of (A) epiphyte and terrestrial species, and separately for (B) seed plants, and (C) pteridophytes. Only significant predictors are shown. Epiphyte coefficients are indicated with dark green circles and terrestrial plants with gold squares. Panel (D) illustrates the effect of the same set of predictors on the epiphyte quotient % of the total number of epiphytes (T %, dark green circles), pteridophyte epiphytes (P %, green squares) and seed plant epiphytes (S %, light open diamonds). Confidence intervals (95%) are also shown. The predicted values of epiphyte richness and quotient % per biogeographical realm can be found in row 2, where “Afrotropics” is the reference realm (i.e., 0 = Afrotropics). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-epiphyte-quotient-eq-of-major-families-representing-3ktgmfqa.png Figure 3. Epiphyte quotient % (EQ) of major families (representing 90% of total epiphyte richness) among different biogeographical realms. Biogeographical realms are defined following Olson et al., (2001). Numbers above each column correspond to families (e.g. 15 = Orchidaceae). Numbers below the names of biogeographical realms indicates the number of families present in that realm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-observed-global-patterns-in-epiphyte-dxsi6ra0.png Table 1. Summary of observed global patterns in epiphyte richness and associated hypotheses, references, and potential predictors. https://scispace.com/papers/vascular-katp-channel-structural-dynamics-reveal-regulatory-2w90oxkgk7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sur2b-l0-undergoes-structural-remodeling-from-p1-to-1v3fd8gs.png Figure 3. SUR2B-L0 undergoes structural remodeling from P1 to Q1 conformations. (a) Comparison of the L0 cryoEM density (hot pink) in P1 and Q1 conformations. Lipid density seen in P1 but absent in Q1 is shown in cyan. (b) Structure of (Kir6.1)4SUR2B in P1 conformations showing L0 (red) viewed from the side (left) and from the cytoplasmic side near the membrane (right). The N1-T2 linker visible in these views is shown in green. (c) Structure of (Kir6.1)4SUR2B in Q1 conformation viewed from the side and the bottom. (d) Structure of (Kir6.2)4SUR1 (PDB: 6BAA) bound to Glib and ATP for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-sur2b-glib-binding-pocket-in-p1-1p5woiy2.png Figure 4. Comparison of the SUR2B Glib binding pocket in P1 and Q1 conformations . (a, b) Overview from the side and the top, respectively. (c) Close-up view of the glibenclamide binding site in P1 and Q1 conformations. Note the slightly different pose of glibenclamide. Two key residues different in SUR2B and SUR1 are highlighted in red (R304 and Y1205). CryoEM density with the glibenclamide structure model fitted into it is shown to the right of the binding site figure. Bottom: a different view of the glibenclamide binding site highlighting the changes in L0 residues that impact the glibenclamide binding site. (d) CryoEM density of the KNt in P1 and Q1 conformations. The KNt cryoEM density is stronger and allows modeling with a polyaniline chain. Note two residues in the NBD1 (R804) and TMD2 (N1030) sandwich the KNt to stabilize it in the central cavity between the two TMBs of SUR2B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-proposed-model-of-vascular-katp-channel-3bpcafoe.png Figure 8. Proposed model of vascular KATP channel conformational dynamics. (a) Cartoon representation of channel side view and (b) top/down view in inactive P-conformation, Q-like intermediate conformation, and active, NBDs dimerized closed quatrefoil conformation. In the presence of Glib and ATP, the P-conformation dominates. Addition of MgATP/ADP promotes NBD dimerization, which is postulated to cause Kir6.1-CTD to move close to the membrane to interact with PIP2 for channel opening. In (b) individual SUR subunits undergo P-Q conformation transitions independently. In the absence of MgADP at NBD2, the ED-domain interacts with NBD2-Walker A lysine (1348). The A-loop E1318 in NBD2 forms salt bridges with positively charged residues in Kir6.1-CTD, preventing further rotation of NBD2 needed for NBDs dimerization, thus arresting SUR in an autoinhibited intermediate conformation. Increasing MgATP/ADP concentrations increases the probability of MgATP/ADP binding to all SUR2B subunits to release autoinhibition and promotes conformational change to the NBDs-dimerized quatrefoil state for channel activation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-residues-mutated-in-cantu-patients-mapped-onto-the-2i1qvrxv.png Figure 7. Residues mutated in Cantu patients mapped onto the Kir6.1/SUR2B channel structure. (a) Residues mutated are shown as blue (Kir6.1) or magenta spheres (SUR2B) in P1 conformation as spheres (left) or in stick model (right). Rat SUR2B numbering is used. Corresponding human mutations with rat residue in parentheses are as follows: H60Y (H60), D207E (D207), G294E (G294), G380C (G377), P432L (P429), A478V (A477), D793V (D789), G815A (G811), Y985S (Y891), G989E (G985), H1005L (H1001), W1018G (W1014), T1019E/K (T1015), S1020P (S1016), F1039S (F1035), S1054Y (S1050), C1043Y (C1039), C1050F (C1046), M1060I (M1056), R1116H/C/G (R1112), R1154G/Q/W (R1150), T1202M (T1198), N1206K (N1202), S1235F (S1231), V1266M (V1262), R1347C (R1343), A1462G (A1458), V1490E (V1489), A1494T (A1490). (b, c, d) Close-up side or top views of boxed regions labeled in the overall structure in panel a, right. In (d), the N1-T2 linker is colored green and labeled together with the second (2nd) elbow helix leading to TM12 of TMD2 in SUR2B. Red numbers mark the TM helices shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structures-of-the-vascular-katp-channel-in-the-199xnnu1.png Figure 1. Structures of the vascular KATP channel in the presence of ATP and Glib. (a) Schematics of SUR2B and Kir6.1 domain organization. (b) CryoEM density map of (Kir6.1)4SUR2B P1, side view. (c) Four-fold symmetrized structure model of P1 viewed from the side (left) and the top (right). (d) CryoEM density map of (Kir6.1)4SUR2B Q1, side view. (e) Four-fold symmetrized structure model of Q1 viewed from the side (left) and the top, i.e. extracellular side (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-md-simulations-of-the-ed-domain-dynamics-in-rptxc9k0.png Figure 6. MD simulations of the ED domain dynamics in relation to SUR2B-NBD2 and Kir6.1-CTD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-cryoem-densities-of-kir6-1-n-terminus-2nh6tnri.png Figure 5. Comparison of cryoEM densities of Kir6.1 N-terminus and SUR2B N1-T2 linker in P1 and Q1 conformations. (a) Overall cryoEM density of (Kir6.1)4SUR2B in grey with density of one Kir6.1 and its N-terminus (KNt) highlighted in blue and density of the SUR2B N1-T2 linker highlighted in green. (b) Close-up view of the N1-T2 linker density in (Kir6.1)4SUR2B structure. Blue spheres are positively charged residues near the ED-domain. G1345 in the NBD2 Walker A motif and E1318 in the A-loop of NBD2 (1315VRYEN1319) are shown as reference points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structural-comparison-between-kir6-1-and-kir6-2-a-2rtai4fx.png Figure 2. Structural comparison between Kir6.1 and Kir6.2. (a) Comparison of Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 showing translational and rotational differences in the CTD. (b) Major structural differences in the turret (grey box), slide helix (red box) and C-linker (cyan box) between Kir6.1 and Kir6.2. (c) Close-up view of the turret showing insertion of an additional 11 aa (magenta) in Kir6.1, which appears to be in position of interact with TMD0 of SUR2B (residues labeled in red). The density corresponding to glycosylation of N9 is fitted with two N-acetylglucosamines. (d) Close-up view of the Kir6.1 ATP binding site in comparison to Kir6.2 ATP binding site. R70 (P69 in Kir6.2) which could interact with negatively charged phospholipid is highlighted in red label. (e) Close-up view of the PIP2 binding site in Kir6.1 in comparison to that in Kir6.2. https://scispace.com/papers/vcsel-technologies-for-high-capacity-dense-wdm-networks-32upkynstu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-measured-chirp-coefficients-b-c-transmission-1nwar0ro.png Fig. 1 a) Measured chirp coefficients. b)-c) Transmission capacities vs number of crossed WDM filters for: 40-dB OSNR (blue square), 35-dB OSNR (red circle), 30-dB OSNR (green triangle), and DSB DMT modulation (continuous line full symbols), SSB DMT modulation (dashed line open symbol) b) short-cavity VCSEL . c) tuneable VCSEL. https://scispace.com/papers/vastus-lateralis-oxygenation-during-prolonged-cycling-in-42de3nk8hi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-serial-change-in-vo2-and-a-v-o2diff-during-prolonged-y99fga0g.png Fig. 1 Serial change in VO2 and (a-v)O2diff during prolonged exercise Data express mean ± S.E. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-serial-change-in-vo2-and-nirs-data-during-prolonged-3i1w3see.png Fig. 4 Serial change in VO2 and NIRS data during prolonged exercise. . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-typical-tracing-of-change-in-total-hemoglobin-totalhb-2z7jff8n.png Fig. 3 Typical tracing of change in total hemoglobin (TotalHb), oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb), deoxyhemoglobin (DeoxyHb) during exercise. a; rest, b; warming up, c; exercise, d; recovery https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-serial-change-in-hr-sv-and-co-during-prolonged-24qmzmft.png Fig. 2 Serial change in HR, SV, and CO during prolonged exercise Data express mean ± S.E. HR and SV showed significant change in time course using one-way repeated ANOVA, p<0.05 *; Values at this time point are different from previous tome point, p<0.05 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-characteristics-of-subjects-1os59c62.png Table 1 Physical characteristics of subjects https://scispace.com/papers/vector-maps-a-lightweight-and-accurate-map-format-for-multi-14799cysdr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-benchmarking-results-3o73mxxg.png Fig. 4. Benchmarking Results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-snapshots-of-the-experiment-terrain-taken-from-morse-sm2julum.png Fig. 3. Snapshots of the experiment terrain taken from MORSE simulator: (a) maze 10 × 10 m, (b) office 10 × 10 m, (c) unstructured 10 × 10 m, (d) maze 40 × 40 m, (e) office 40 × 40 m, (f) unstructured 40 × 40 m, (g) maze 80 × 80 m, (h) office 80 × 80 m and (i) unstructured 80 × 80 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-multi-robot-exploration-requires-exchanging-and-wm7m64fh.png Fig. 1. Multi-robot exploration requires exchanging and merging maps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-generation-of-a-vector-map-from-points-cloud-with-a-2gml00ze.png Fig. 2. Generation of a Vector Map from points cloud with a fixed distance. https://scispace.com/papers/vector-charge-and-magnetic-moment-form-factors-of-the-14xe7o36zw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-values-of-r-and-derivatives-at-v-1-l-pduhj3yw.png Table I. Values of r. and derivatives at v = -1 • l https://scispace.com/papers/vea-of-aspergillus-niger-increases-spore-dispersing-capacity-2drs6ecxou 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-radial-growth-and-sporulation-profile-of-7-day-old-2v0qkwex.png Fig. 3 Radial growth and sporulation profile of 7-day-old xylose grown sandwiched colonies of the control strain RB#210.1 (a, c), and the DveA strain (b, d) from which the upper PC membrane was removed at day 6. Colonies were grown continuously in the light (a, b) or in the dark (c, d) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-accumulation-nmol-solute-mg-1-dry-weight-of-polyols-36bz7a9p.png Table 2 Accumulation (nmol solute mg-1 dry weight) of polyols, glucose and trehalose in vegetative mycelium and vegetative mycelium with conidia forming conidiophores of control strain RB#210.1, DveA, and the complemented DveA strain VC9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-accumulation-fmol-per-spore-of-polyols-glucose-and-1lmp76g5.png Table 3 Accumulation (fmol per spore) of polyols, glucose and trehalose in conidia.of RB#210.1, DveA, and the complemented DveA strain (VC9) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dry-weight-a-and-spore-numbers-b-of-sandwiched-1bf4w0mc.png Fig. 4 Dry weight (a) and spore numbers (b) of sandwiched colonies of the control strain RB#210.1, DveA, and the DveA complemented strain VC9 that had been grown on xylose in the light (light gray shading) or in the dark (dark gray shading). Cultures in a had been grown for 7 days between polycarbonate membranes. Sandwiched colonies in b of the control and VC9 had been grown for 3 days on xylose medium, while those of DveA had been grown for 6 days before the upper PC membrane was removed to allow conidia formation during a 24 h period. In this time interval all colonies had a diameter of about 20 mm. Asterisk indicates significant difference to RB#210.1 and VC9 (ANOVA p \ 0.05) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-confocal-fluorescence-microscopy-shows-the-presence-of-836dmf66.png Fig. 6 Confocal fluorescence microscopy shows the presence of VeA-RFP both in the vegetative mycelium (a) and in conidiophores (b) of cultures that had been grown in the light (1,200 lux). Localization of VeA in light (c, d) and dark (e, f) in vegetative mycelium by localizing fluorescence of VeA-RFP (c, e) and the nuclear targeted H2B-GFP fusion protein (d, f). Arrows indicate positions of nuclei https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-light-a-b-and-scanning-electron-c-h-microscopy-of-266ngiq4.png Fig. 5 Light (a, b) and scanning electron (c–h) microscopy of conidiophores of the control strain RB#210.1 (a, c), and DveA (b, d–h). Bar represents 100 lm (a, b), and 10 lm (c–h) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-length-and-width-lm-of-conidiophore-stalks-and-2swegw4d.png Table 1 Length and width (lm) of conidiophore stalks and diameter (lm) of vesicles and conidiophore of the control strain RB#210.1, DveA, and the complemented DveA strain VC9. Averages are the result of quintuplicate experiments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-domains-of-vea-of-a-niger-a-nidulans-a-fumigatus-and-a-vvahnbpg.png Fig. 1 Domains of VeA of A. niger, A. nidulans, A. fumigatus, and A. sydowii. NLS (diamant), NES (stippled box), and PEST (ovals) represent nuclear localization signal, nuclear export signal, and PEST sequences, respectively https://scispace.com/papers/vector-borne-pathogens-in-dogs-from-costa-rica-first-2dx5eeh37n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-detection-of-vector-borne-pathogens-in-146-dogs-from-29g83zh6.png Table 1 Detection of vector-borne pathogens in 146 dogs from 4 different regions of Costa Rica. All the results were obtained from blood samples, except for the detection of Leishmania spp., carried out in blood, skin scrapes and conjuctival swabs. https://scispace.com/papers/vector-control-measures-failed-to-affect-genetic-structure-549skxvw7t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-values-from-fst-and-its-derivations-between-pairs-of-j8264xfv.png Table 4 Values from FST and its derivations between pairs of populations of A. aegypti from different municipalities, SSA Oct 2009, JAC and VC, and the ROCK strain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-a-aegypti-collectin-2tyouqmi.png Fig. 1. Location of A. aegypti-collectin https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-values-from-fst-and-its-derivations-between-pairs-of-1o3ulgn9.png Table 6 Values from FST and its derivations between pairs of populations of A. aegypti from different strata of SSA Oct 2009. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-differentiation-indices-per-cycle-of-the-liraa-in-2l4j4k8d.png Table 8 Differentiation indices per cycle of the LIRAa in the 4 areas from Salvador, 2007 to 2009. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-results-for-effective-population-size-ne-and-2hwnx0vw.png Table 9 Results for effective population size (Ne) and bottleneck analyses used to detect significant reductions in effective population sizes per area from Salvador, 2007 to 2009. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pcr-primer-sequences-used-for-genotype-the-a-aegypti-15fvv1cz.png Table 1 PCR primer sequences used for genotype the A. aegypti microsatellite (AAMS). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-larval-house-index-hi-means-per-cycle-of-the-liraa-3lvx9hpd.png Table 2 Larval house index (HI) means per cycle of the LIRAa and per selected area from Salvador, 2007 to 2009. https://scispace.com/papers/vector-solitons-in-harmonic-mode-locked-erbium-doped-fiber-je7xihsdvm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-vdss-with-circularly-evolving-sop-a-optical-116w23kj.png Figure 3. VDSs with circularly evolving SOP. (a) optical spectrum, (b) normalized Stokes parameters s1 (red), s2 (blue), s3 (green), (c) Poincarè sphere, (d) degree of polarization (black) and output power (red). Pump LD current 150 mA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sidebands-suppression-ratio-versus-harmonic-number-g80ursdq.png Figure 2. Sidebands suppression ratio versus harmonic number. Laser 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-vdss-at-the-11th-harmonic-with-polarization-2ckeq11w.png Figure 6. VDSs at the 11th harmonic with polarization localized in a disk area. (a) optical spectrum, (b) pulse train, (c) electronic spectrum, (d) normalized Stokes parameters, (e) degree of polarization (black) and output power (red), (f) Poincarè sphere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-vdss-at-the-11th-harmonic-with-chaotic-polarization-1ckbdsdr.png Figure 7. VDSs at the 11th harmonic with chaotic polarization. (a) optical spectrum, (b) pulse train, (c) electronic spectrum, (d) normalized Stokes parameters, (e) degree of polarization (black) and output power (red), (f) Poincarè sphere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-configuration-of-erbium-doped-fiber-laser-with-2rabrbm8.png Figure 1. Configuration of Erbium-doped fiber laser with single wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) saturable absorber. PC -- polarization controller, WDM -- wavelength division multiplexing coupler, CNTs – carbon nanotubes based saturable absorber. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-vdss-with-conical-polarization-attractor-a-optical-2dmnnbcw.png Figure 4. VDSs with conical polarization attractor. (a) optical spectrum, (b) normalized Stokes parameters s1 (red), s2 (blue), s3 (green), (c) Poincarè sphere, (d) degree of polarization (black) and output power (red). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-vdss-at-the-8th-harmonic-with-locked-polarization-a-38a6h2k7.png Figure 5. VDSs at the 8th harmonic with locked polarization. (a) optical spectrum, (b) pulse train, (c) electronic spectrum, (d) normalized Stokes parameters, (e) degree of polarization (black) and output power (red), (f) Poincarè sphere. https://scispace.com/papers/vectorized-candidate-set-selection-for-parallel-ant-colony-33sgazmzms 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-execution-time-per-iteration-in-milliseconds-and-24hhkdau.png Table 1: Execution time per iteration in milliseconds, and speedup relative to CPU. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-execution-times-for-acotsp-vroulette-1-and-vcss-myatkuqi.png Figure 4: Execution times for ACOTSP, vRoulette-1 and VCSS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-masked-load-process-using-the-nearest-neighbour-stnw2nx2.png Figure 3: Masked load process using the nearest neighbour list to retrieve the weights of nearest neighbour vertices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nearest-neighbour-data-structure-with-each-vertex-3u2vqsv2.png Figure 2: Nearest neighbour data structure, with each vertex having an associated array of nearest neighbour objects containing a vector index ivec and a bit mask. A sentinel value of ivec = −1 is used to indicate the end a line in the data structure. n is the number of vertices and n16 is the maximum number of entries for a vertex (for 16-wide vectors) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-tsp-graph-with-the-current-city-labelled-0-2flp911h.png Figure 1: Sample TSP graph, with the current city (labelled 0) in the center, and five nearest neighbour cities highlighted in the dashed containing region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-solution-quality-for-acotsp-vroulette-1-and-vcss-r6uraywm.png Figure 5: Solution quality for ACOTSP, vRoulette-1 and VCSS. https://scispace.com/papers/vedolizumab-for-treating-moderately-to-severely-active-crohn-p1tcjfqhf3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-key-efficacy-outcomes-3w11m6ko.png Table 1: Summary of key efficacy outcomes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-decision-tree-for-induction-treatment-reproduced-2j3qxwam.png Figure 1 Decision-tree for induction treatment (reproduced from company’s submission) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-markov-model-schematics-for-cd-maintenance-phase-3n64iw33.png Figure 2 Markov model schematics for CD maintenance phase and beyond (reproduced from company’s submission) https://scispace.com/papers/veering-structures-of-the-canonical-decompositions-of-7cjkttwr4x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-ideal-tetrahedron-t-of-d-and-the-four-germs-of-23e4bfk9.png Fig. 2. An ideal tetrahedron t of D, and the four (germs of) edges of F incident on the vertex t∗ of F dual to t. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-a-the-face-e-0-1-2-of-f-2-2-2-b-a-part-of-the-1209bt92.png Fig. 16. (a) The face e(0) 1/2 of F [2, 2,−2]. (b) A part of the infinite cyclic cover of the annulus A(0, 0) for D[2, 2,−2]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-part-of-the-infinite-cyclic-cover-of-a-0-0-with-r-2-1r6bvx67.png Fig. 7. A part of the infinite cyclic cover of A(0, 0) with r = [2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-canonical-1-cocycles-of-k-2b1-2b2-2b3-2aq0wndp.png Fig. 11. The canonical 1-cocycles of K[2b1, 2b2, 2b3]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-1-cochain-o-where-ekk-and-ej-for-every-k-k-and-j-the-1mttt35l.png Fig. 10. 1-cochain ω, where εkk′ = + and εj = + for every k, k′ and j. The vertices t (0) l are on the lower horizontal level, and the vertices t(1)l are on the upper horizontal level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-ideal-tetrahedron-of-d-and-a-part-of-the-1-skeleton-3ryc154d.png Fig. 3. An ideal tetrahedron of D and a part of the 1-skeleton of F . Each of two triangles in T which intersects the ridge (resp. valley) of the ideal tetrahedron can be sent by an orientationpreserving homeomorphism to the angled triangle in (b) (resp. (c)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-a-a-part-of-the-universal-cover-of-t-2-2-b-a-27dx1lly.png Fig. 20. (a) A part of the universal cover of T [2, 2]. (b) A neighborhood of the vertex of A(0, 0) with label e−. The symbols vM and vm denote the maximal and minimal vertices of the dual face e−, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-hyperbolic-two-bridge-link-k-2b1-2b2-2bm-with-bi-1-2oapbclm.png Fig. 5. The hyperbolic two-bridge link K[2b1, 2b2, . . . , 2bm] with bi = +1 for each 1 ≤ i ≤ m. https://scispace.com/papers/vegetation-mapping-of-moss-dominated-areas-of-northern-part-3sxfodibc9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-small-areas-located-on-nw-slopes-of-the-johnson-mesa-2sommbg8.png Fig. 2. Small areas located on NW slopes of the Johnson mesa denoted as A in this study (cf. also Fig. 1). A – general view, B, C, D – individual areas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-area-no-5-located-close-to-lachman-crags-mesa-a-1yg1nb8e.png Fig. 7. Area No. 5 located close to Lachman Crags mesa. A – general view, B – Sanionia uncinata, C – Bryum pseudotriquetrum, D – Hypnum revolutum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-moss-carpets-dominated-by-bryum-pseudotriquetrum-at-1hovg9br.png Fig. 3. Moss carpets dominated by Bryum pseudotriquetrum at Area No. 1 located at the long-term research plot close to J.G.Mendel station. A – general view with open top chambers, B, C – patchy moss cover with Nostoc sp. colonies in between, D – side view on a moss. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-big-and-small-lachman-lake-with-seepages-denoted-as-1z607nqf.png Fig. 6. Big and Small Lachman Lake with seepages denoted as Area No. 4 in this study. The moss dominated seepage is located between a snow field and a lake. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-area-no-2-located-at-komareks-slopes-a-general-view-pznnh99d.png Fig. 4. Area No. 2 located at Komarek´s slopes. A – general view from northern side, B, C – general view from souther side, D – Hypnum revolutum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-area-no-3-located-at-the-cape-lachman-a-general-view-21ejcm1m.png Fig. 5. Area No. 3 located at the Cape Lachman. A – general view from northern side, B – general view from eastern side, C – Arrhenia sp. is found at the plot, D – moss and lichen cover. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-northern-part-of-james-ross-island-area-of-interest-is-1sz47z0m.png Fig. 1. Northern part of James Ross Island. Area of interest is delimited by a red line and a coastal line. Locations of small-area lichen dominated spots are indicated by circles. Blue symbols and characters indicate those areas surveyed during field works but not included into this study. Red symbols and numbers indicate those that were mapped during 2015 austral summer season. https://scispace.com/papers/vegetation-reflectance-spectroscopy-for-biomonitoring-of-2pwvhq1ws0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-boxplots-with-the-leaf-chlorophyll-a-to-b-ratio-chla-27dwpiw9.png Fig. 2. Boxplots with the leaf chlorophyll a to b ratio (Chla:Chlb) differences between the binary classes (0¼ non-contaminated, 1¼ contaminated) of (a) Cd and (b) Pb contamination, as well as among multiple classes for (c) Cd Pb and (d) Pb contamination. Significance levels are indicated according to the post-hoc Tukey's test of the applied mixed models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-boxplots-show-the-chlorophyll-fluorescence-fv-fm-3at56z53.png Fig. 3. Boxplots show the chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm differences between the binary classes (0¼ non-contaminated, 1¼ contaminated) of (a) Cd and (b) Pb contamination, as well as among multi-class classifications of (c) Cd Pb and (d) Pb contamination. Significance levels are indicated according to the post-hoc Tukey's test of the applied mixed models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mixed-models-for-testing-the-effect-of-multi-level-157o180v.png Table 3 Mixed models for testing the effect of multi-level Cd Pb and Pb contamination on leaf functional traits, including the leaf mass per area (LMA), Fv/Fm, total chlorophyll content (Chl) and Chla:Chlb ratio. The modeled random effects are city and site. Chlorophyll data were only available for a subset of the samples, where only Cd and Pb reached the threshold of contamination. Bold font highlights the statistical significance of each test (p< 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measured-soil-heavy-metal-content-and-the-threshold-1qeibus0.png Table 1 Measured soil heavy metal content and the threshold values for classification of contamination. Cd and Pbwere themajor contaminates in this study, and Pbwas the only metal that reached the highline and thus Pb contamination was classified into three sub-classes. Bold font highlights the metals which had a significant number of observations reaching the toxicity thresholds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-leaf-mean-reflectance-of-the-contaminated-1-and-non-246wgqvm.png Fig. 4. Leaf mean reflectance of the contaminated (1) and non-contaminated (0) trees subjected to (a) Cd and (b) Pb, and their reflectance relative difference ((X1-X0)/X0) between the contaminated and non-contaminated leaves. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-mixed-models-for-testing-the-effect-of-2s46hl0j.png Table 2 Results of mixed models for testing the effect of soil heavy metals on leaf functional trait Chla:Chlb ratio. Modeled random effects were city and sites. Chlorophyll data were only a contamination. Bold font highlights the statistical significance of each test (p< 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-predicted-versus-observed-classes-for-a-cd-binary-35ghp4fd.png Fig. 5. Predicted versus observed classes for (a) Cd binary classification, (b) Pb binary classification, (c) Cd Pb classification and (d) Pb multi-class classification. Here the first derivative reflectance data were used for (a), (b) and (c), the original reflectance were used for (d). Numbers indicate the confusion matrix of classification. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-variable-importance-in-projection-vip-scores-for-2vql5gp9.png Fig. 6. The variable importance in projection (VIP) scores for the spectral-based PLS-DA models for binary classification for Cd and Pb contamination, and for multi-class classification of Pb and CdxPb contamination. VIP 0.8 highlights the spectral bands contributing significantly to the PLS-DA models. https://scispace.com/papers/vegetation-structural-complexity-and-biodiversity-across-3ee6enpsgl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-plot-elevation-biodiversity-and-forest-structural-1315sglk.png Table 2: Plot elevation, biodiversity, and forest structural metrics. Plot IDs correspond to NEON plot designations. The p90 metric corresponds to canopy height. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-a-the-great-smokey-mountains-national-park-1svg10ov.png Figure 1: Overview [A] the Great Smokey Mountains National Park study area and examples of terrestrial laser scanning data in [B] low-elevation broadleaf and [C] high-elevation conifer plots. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definitions-of-terrestrial-lidar-derived-structural-31f1w6mr.png Table 1. Definitions of terrestrial lidar derived structural terms. https://scispace.com/papers/vegetation-response-to-stocking-rate-in-southern-mixed-grass-3edlw0s35b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-standing-crop-of-dead-herbage-as-affected-by-stocking-1uz9p4ng.png Fig. 3. Standing crop of dead herbage as affected by stocking rate. For 1990, slopes are not different from 0 (P > 0.96) and are not different between July and September (P = 0.83). For 1991 to 1996, July standing crop = 1655 – 18.0 (stocking rate); September standing crop = 1640 – 16.8 (stocking rate). For the combined model, 1991 to 1996, R2 = 0.82, P < 0.01. Intercept and slope terms for July and September are not different (P > .67). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relative-composition-of-vegetation-components-as-37296hpa.png Fig. 4. Relative composition of vegetation components as affected by stocking rate in 1990 and 1996. Regression models for each component are found in Table 4. A single line indicates no difference between years. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relative-composition-of-tallgrasses-as-affected-by-1adz3m7z.png Fig. 5. Relative composition of tallgrasses as affected by stocking rate. Intercept coefficients are 0.9, 7.1, 9.7, and 6.3 for 1990, 1992, 1994, and 1996, respectively. Slope coefficients are 0.03, –.11, –.17, and –.10 for 1990, 1992, 1994, and 1996, respectively. For the combined model, R2 = 0.60, P = 0.02. Coefficients for 1990 are different from 1992–1996 (P < 0.05), which are not different from each other (P > 0.24). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-precipitation-during-the-study-period-and-30-year-2zqcokep.png Table 1. Precipitation during the study period and 30-year average precipitation (1961–1990) at Clinton, Okla. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-total-standing-crop-of-herbage-in-july-and-september-1a1c9dqv.png Fig. 1. Total standing crop of herbage in July and September as affected by stocking rate. Points are averages of 7 years. For July, standing crop = 2483 – 15.2 (stocking rate). For September, standing crop = 2458 – 14.4 (stocking rate). For the combined regression model, R2 = 0.59, P = 0.06. Slope and intercept terms for July and September are not different (P > 0.90). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-coefficients-and-statistics-of-regression-models-2pqantt9.png Table 3. Coefficients and statistics of regression models describing response of species composition (%) to stocking rate between 1990 and 1996. Year is coded 0 for 1990 and 1 for 1996. Stocking rate is AUD ha-1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-standing-crop-of-live-herbage-in-september-as-affected-1b0o285n.png Fig. 2. Standing crop of live herbage in September as affected by stocking rate. For 1990-95, standing crop = 721 + 1.4 (stocking rate). For 1996, standing crop = 2222 – 21.0 (stocking rate). For the combined model, R2 = 0.92, P < 0.01. Intercepts and slopes are different between sets of years (intercepts P < 0.01, slopes P = 0.02). https://scispace.com/papers/vehicle-crashworthiness-and-the-older-motorist-4017bxw7os 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-crash-severity-by-driver-age-belted-drivers-uyehr39z.png Figure 3. Crash severity by driver age (belted drivers). https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-shows-the-injury-types-in-frontal-and-side-impact-2kcg2bi7.png Table 8 shows the injury types in frontal and side impact crashes by driver age group (younger or older). In frontal impacts, older drivers tended to sustain higher rates of AIS ‘2+ ’ organ injuries, particularly to the lungs, heart and myocardium, and higher rates of both single and multiple rib fractures and sternum fractures. In side impacts, similar age differentials were observed, but there was an even higher rate of AIS ‘2+ ’ organ injuries and multiple rib fractures in the older driver group compared to the younger driver group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fatality-rate-per-journey-by-mode-of-transport-and-5vassvbj.png Figure 1. Fatality rate per journey by mode of transport and age, Great Britain 1998. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-crash-type-by-age-group-of-driver-uk-1998-2001-164j6k8i.png Figure 2. Crash type by age group of driver, UK 1998–2001. https://scispace.com/papers/vehicle-to-anything-application-v2anything-app-for-electric-4zzo3ahewi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-guidance-to-charging-stations-cs-and-points-of-w0rpavrd.png Fig. 10. (a) Guidance to Charging Stations (CS) and Points of Interest (POI); (b) Alert of insufficient charge to reach a desired destination. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-range-prediction-process-a-fev-position-b-available-2i2rxin1.png Fig. 9. Range prediction process: (a) FEV position; (b) Available functions; (c) Range prediction representation: green, orange and red. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-future-tendencies-for-ict-in-integration-system-164ad11l.png Fig. 1. Future tendencies for ICT in integration system information. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-screen-shot-view-of-the-driving-profile-parameters-2ns9um8h.png Fig. 11. Screen shot view of the driving profile parameters available in the SQL data base. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-prediction-model-web-service-developed-in-java-h62fjtl4.png Fig. 16. Prediction Model Web Service developed in Java. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-implemented-range-autonomy-prediction-process-from-3fe56rqn.png Fig. 17. Implemented range autonomy prediction process, from raw data using mining models to prediction range. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-detailed-representation-for-the-range-autonomy-1k1ybn4u.png Fig. 15. Detailed representation for the range autonomy prediction: (a) Range estimation of a Lisbon trip to north where four different cases are showed. (b) Representation of the distances that can be travelled after the charging process for different SOC levels considering Leiria city as starting point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-smart-charging-approach-and-goals-2tmzh8zi.png Fig. 14. Smart Charging approach and goals. https://scispace.com/papers/velocity-boundary-condition-at-solid-walls-in-rarefied-gas-28lhe167hp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-streamlines-of-thermal-stress-slip-flow-between-non-1ghlk6lv.png FIG. 2: Streamlines of thermal-stress slip flow between non-coaxial cylinders (uniform temperatures, T2 > T1); a) solution of the Boltzmann equation reproduced from [18], b) finite volume solution using the Maxwell-Burnett boundary condition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-nondimensional-velocity-profiles-in-cylindrical-e31l0ryf.png FIG. 1: Nondimensional velocity profiles in cylindrical Couette flow. Comparison of no slip (· · ·), conventional slip (– –), Maxwell’s original slip (—) solutions, an analytical solution [4] (· − ·) and DSMC data [5](◦). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-values-of-a2-in-eq-7-1zs3toui.png TABLE I: Values of A2 in Eq. (7). https://scispace.com/papers/velocity-fluctuations-and-population-distribution-in-3etawph0h4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-scheme-of-the-experimental-device-and-setup-b-and-c-3d8uwc8g.png FIG. 1. (a) Scheme of the experimental device and setup. (b) and (c) Diameter and circularity characterizations of the polystyrene particles used in the experiments. Solid line in (b) is a gaussian fit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-velocity-fluctuations-v-vsed-as-a-function-of-ph-a-and-1ogk7ggy.png FIG. 4. Velocity fluctuations ∆V /Vsed as a function of φ (a), and as a function of the standard deviation of N 2/3 (b). (blue square) L/a = 15, (green triangledown) L/a = 12.5, (magenta star) L/a = 9 and (red lozenge) L/a = 5. (blue dotted-dashed line), (green solid line), (magenta dotted line), and (red dashed line) correspond, respectively, to best fits over (blue square), (green triangledown), (magenta star), and (red lozenge) with the expression ∆V /Vsed =α×φ1/3. These fits yield α = 1,1.5,1.8, and 2. The solid line in (b) is ∆V /Vsed = 0.86∆(N 2/3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-histogram-showing-the-number-ncluster-of-clusters-of-22kkk9ib.png FIG. 3. (a) Histogram showing the number NCluster of clusters of N particles, for φ = 0.053 and L/a = 15. In the inset: Probability density function P(N ) of the cluster population N . (blue square) P(N ) in semi-logarithmic scale and (black solid line) exponential law P(N )= (1/⟨N ⟩)exp(−N/⟨N ⟩), while (dashed line) corresponds to a Poisson distribution P(N )= exp(−⟨N ⟩) ⟨N ⟩N/N !. (b) Evolution of the standard deviation ∆N as a function of the average cluster population ⟨N ⟩. (blue square) L/a = 15, (green triangledown) L/a = 12.5, (magenta star) L/a = 9, and (red lozenge) L/a = 5. Solid line, black solid line corresponds to ∆N = ⟨N ⟩−0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-a-zone-of-the-imaging-window-as-captured-by-the-3jolmotv.png FIG. 2. (a) A zone of the imaging window as captured by the camera for L/a = 12.5, φ = 0.03, t = 1800 s. (b) Radial pair correlation function g (r/a) where r is the distance between particle centers (measured in the x–z plane of (a), as viewed by the camera) and made dimensionless with the particle radius a. The data series are displaced vertically by 0.5 for easier visualization. Top solid line: L/a = 15, φ = 0.03. Mid-solid line: L/a = 12.5, φ = 0.03. Bottom solid line: L/a = 9, φ = 0.05. Dotted lines: Pair correlation function calculated numerically for a random configuration of non-overlapping spheres, situated independently, and following a uniform distribution, for the same values of L/a and φ than the corresponding solid lines. https://scispace.com/papers/velocity-map-imaging-with-non-uniform-detection-quantitative-49fhtnv8hf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-experimental-i-vmi-image-recorded-for-the-circularly-7dzvg9bj.png FIG. 2. (a) Experimental I+ VMI image recorded for the circularly polarized probe laser alone. The axis of cylindrical symmetry (corresponding to the laser propagation direction) lies parallel to the z-axis. (b) Corresponding pBasex inverted I+ image. (c) Radial dependence of the βl(r ) angular parameters corresponding to the pBasex inverted image (solid lines). The radial spectrum is also shown (dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-radial-dependence-of-the-cos2th-expectation-values-1ble79f9.png FIG. 11. Radial dependence of the ⟨cos2θ⟩ expectation values obtained from the pBasex inversion of the data shown in Fig. 8 for the parallel (blue) and perpendicular (green) probe geometries. The radial spectra are also shown (dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-radial-dependence-of-the-bl-r-angular-parameters-3516l90h.png FIG. 12. Radial dependence of the βl(r ) angular parameters obtained from the deconvoluted pBasex inversion of the images shown in Fig. 8 (solid lines). (a) Parallel probe polarization geometry. (b) Perpendicular probe polarization geometry. The corresponding radial spectra are also shown (dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-radial-dependence-of-the-angular-overlap-factor-3ayzgpkh.png FIG. 10. Radial dependence of the angular overlap factor corresponding to the pBasex inversion of the images shown in Fig. 8 (solid lines) for the parallel and perpendicular probing geometries. The corresponding radial spectra are also shown (dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-radial-dependence-of-the-angular-overlap-factor-nf492bsm.png FIG. 4. Radial dependence of the angular overlap factor corresponding to the pBasex inversion of the images shown in Fig. 3 (solid lines) for alignment laser intensities of 1.5 × 1011 W/cm2 and 7.7 × 1011 W/cm2, and a circularly polarized probe. The corresponding radial spectra are also shown (dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-and-b-experimental-i-vmi-images-recorded-for-laser-l2aqvv67.png FIG. 3. (a) and (b) Experimental I+ VMI images recorded for laser aligned pDIB probed via Coulomb explosion with a circularly polarized laser pulse. The aligning laser polarization is along z, and the probe propagation direction lies along y. Images are shown for aligning laser field intensities of (a) 1.5 × 1011 W/cm2 and (b) 7.7 × 1011 W/cm2. (c) and (d) Corresponding pBasex inverted I+ images with detection function deconvoluted. Overlaid is a grayscale contour map corresponding to the probe alone distribution shown in Fig. 2(b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-and-b-experimental-i-vmi-images-recorded-for-laser-2w24tq81.png FIG. 8. (a) and (b) Experimental I+ VMI images recorded for laser aligned pDIB probed via Coulomb explosion with a linearly polarized probe laser pulse. The aligning laser pulse was polarized along the z direction. In (a), the probe laser was also polarized along the z-axis. In (b), the probe laser was polarized along the x-axis (perpendicular to the detector plane). (c) and (d) Corresponding pBasex inverted I+ images with detection function deconvoluted. Overlaid is a grayscale contour map corresponding to the φ-integrated detection function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-radial-spectra-obtained-from-the-pbasex-inversion-of-rufbd8o2.png FIG. 9. Radial spectra obtained from the pBasex inversion of the aligned molecule data (Fig. 8) for the parallel (blue) and perpendicular (green) probing geometries. The radial spectrum obtained from pBasex inversion of the probe-alone data for randomly oriented molecules (Fig. 7) is also shown (black). All spectra shown are normalized to a maximum value of 1. https://scispace.com/papers/velocity-induced-numerical-solutions-of-reaction-diffusion-5e2cjr9ynj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-numerical-solutions-to-the-model-equations-computed-by-2utu0yac.png Fig. 4. Numerical solutions to the model equations computed by using the ADI method with periodic boundary conditions for different mesh sizes. Row 1: Dx ¼ Dy ¼ 1 100 . Row 2: Dx ¼ 1 150 , Dy ¼ 1 100 . Solutions on the left column are transient computed at time t ¼ 1:9. These converge either to the top- or bottom-right steady state solution (computed at time t ¼ 2:0) depending on the mesh as illustrated in Fig. 3. Folding the square domains (those on the right) into cylinders gives rise to identical patterns. Numerical and parameter values as in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-uniform-square-mesh-refinement-for-the-adi-scheme-3e5zk7j2.png Fig. 8. A uniform square mesh refinement for the ADI scheme: Column 1: Dx ¼ Dy ¼ 1 30 , Dt ¼ 1 900 ; Column 2: Dx ¼ Dy ¼ 1 100 , Dt ¼ 10 2; and Column 3: Dx ¼ Dy ¼ 1 500 , Dt ¼ 10 2. Parameter values and the growth rate remain unchanged from those used in Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-adi-left-column-and-mgfem-2sbdf-right-column-2jespivq.png Fig. 1. The ADI (left column) and MGFEM-2SBDF (right column) steady state computational results for the u concentration of the model equations solved with zero-flux boundary conditions corresponding to parameter values a ¼ 0:1, b ¼ 0:9, d ¼ 10 with c ¼ 114 (first row), c ¼ 1000 (second row) and c ¼ 5000 (third row). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-numerical-solutions-to-the-model-equations-solved-by-3ndizcyl.png Fig. 3. Numerical solutions to the model equations solved by use of the ADI method with periodic boundary conditions at times t ¼ 0:042 (first row), t ¼ 0:05, (second), t ¼ 0:06 (third) and t ¼ 1:0 (fourth) respectively. Left: Dx ¼ Dy ¼ 1 100 , middle: Dx ¼ 1 150 , Dy ¼ 1 100 , and right: Dx ¼ 1 150 ¼ Dy. The parameter values are a ¼ 0:126779, b ¼ 0:792366, d ¼ 10:0 and c ¼ 1000. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-adi-transient-patterns-generated-by-the-2nydxywr.png Fig. 7. The ADI transient patterns generated by the Schnakenberg model as the unit square is grown along the diagonal line x ¼ y at constant speed in the positive direction with growth rate r ¼ 0:002. The snap-shots are saved at times shown in Fig. 5. The parameter values in the numerical computations are a ¼ 0:1, b ¼ 0:9, d ¼ 0:01, c ¼ 1:0 and Dt ¼ 10 2. Computations are carried out on a uniform rectangular mesh given by Dx ¼ 1 200 , and Dy ¼ 1 100 . A single spot splits into two, four, eight and so on as the domain grows. Results are shown at times t ¼ 102; 170; 340; 408; 442; 646; 680; 748 and 850, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-mgfem-2sbdf-transient-patterns-generated-by-the-1tj3mac0.png Fig. 6. The MGFEM-2SBDF transient patterns generated by the Schnakenberg model as the unit square is grown along the diagonal line x ¼ y at constant speed in the positive direction with growth rate r ¼ 0:002 shown at times t ¼ 102; 170; 340; 408; 442; 646; 680; 748 and 850, respectively. The parameter values in the numerical computations are a ¼ 0:1, b ¼ 0:9, d ¼ 0:01, c ¼ 1:0 and Dt ¼ 10 2. An unstructured triangular mesh is used in the numerical computations. The spot splits into two, four, eight and so on as the domain grows. Observe that the MGFEM-2SBDF scheme solves the model equations on a non-transformed continuously deforming unit square domain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-adi-left-and-mgfem-2sbdf-right-steady-state-3dtahoy3.png Fig. 2. The ADI (left) and MGFEM-2SBDF (right) steady state computational results for the u concentration of the model equations solved with periodic boundary conditions corresponding to parameter values a ¼ 0:126779, b ¼ 0:792366, d ¼ 10:0 with c ¼ 114 (first row), c ¼ 1000 (middle row) and c ¼ 5000 (last row), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-adi-transient-patterns-generated-by-the-24h8xtfp.png Fig. 5. The ADI transient patterns generated by the Schnakenberg model as the unit square is grown along the diagonal line x ¼ y at constant speed in the positive direction with growth rate r ¼ 0:002 shown at times t ¼ 102; 170; 340; 408; 442; 646; 680; 748 and 850, respectively. The parameter values in the numerical computations are a ¼ 0:1, b ¼ 0:9, d ¼ 0:01, c ¼ 1:0 and Dt ¼ 10 2. A uniform square mesh is used with Dx ¼ Dy ¼ 1 100 . Observe the spot splitting into four, sixteen and so on as the domain grows to approximately four times its original size. https://scispace.com/papers/veno-occlusive-disease-of-the-liver-in-children-treated-for-4h8zghiqrg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-siop-protocol-stage-i-ii-iii-preoperative-chemotherapy-3qnpcliy.png Fig. 1. SIOP PROTOCOL (stage I, II, III): Preoperative chemotherapy:A 4 dactinomycin 15mg/kg × 3 days; V4 vincristine 1.5 mg/m2 × 1 day, weeks 1,2.Postoperative chemotherapy:a) Unfavorable histology: D4 dactinomycin 30m/kg × 1 day, week 5; E4 epirubicin 50 mg/m2 × 1 day, week 1, V4 vincristine 1.5 mg/m2 × 1 day, weeks 1,2,3,5,7; I4 ifosfamide 3 g/m2 × 2 days, week 3; b) Favorable histology: A 4 dactinomycin 15mg/kg × 5 days, week 2; V4 vincristine 1.5 mg/m2 × 1 day, weeks 1,2,3,4,; E4 epirubicin 50 mg/m2 × 1 day, week 4. RT 4 Radiotherapy:15 Gy + boost of 10 to 15 Gy to suspicious areas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-characteristics-of-patients-3edlxtbv.png TABLE I. Characteristics of Patients https://scispace.com/papers/venous-thromboembolism-in-the-cancer-population-pathology-2myha4zm01 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pathogenesis-of-cancer-associated-venous-yw2emcwb.png Figure 1. Pathogenesis of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism. Information from Caine et al. (2002), Falanga & Vignoli (2004), Gupta et al. (2005), Karimi & Cohan (2010), and Kuderer et al. (2009). IL-1ß = interleukin-1ß; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-α; VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor; TF = tissue factor; CP = cancer procoagulant; u-PA = urokinase-type activator; t-PA = tissue-type plasminogen activator; PA-1 = plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; PAI-2 = plasminogen activator inhibitor-2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prothrombotic-properties-of-tumor-cells-3dls21ak.png Table 1. Prothrombotic Properties of Tumor Cells https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-risk-factors-for-cancer-associated-venous-3ehikl1s.png Table 2. Risk Factors for Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism https://scispace.com/papers/vep-g2p-a-tool-for-efficient-flexible-and-scalable-4xncr381rc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summary-of-lgmdet-structure-and-vep-g2p-features-a-13bib3l0.png Figure 1: Summary of LGMDET structure and VEP-G2P features. A. summarizes the basic logic of the LGMDET approach to genotype classification using an entry for heterozygous, loss-of function variants in NIPBL as a cause of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome. The publicly available G2PDD and G2PCancer data can be searched or downloaded on the website (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gene2phenotype). Any other compatible dataset, including those developed within PanelApp (https://panelapp.genomicsengland.co.uk), can be used with the VEP-G2P plugin. B. The VCF files derived from the next generation sequence data are passed to VEP which uses Ensembl annotation data to compute and annotate the consequence of each variant. The VEP-G2P plugin runs as an additional step of the VEP analysis. It uses the results of VEP’s computations and annotations together with the knowledge from the panel list to filter the variants from the patients input VCF file. The plugin results are returned together with the VEP output file. C. The plugin also generates a separate output file which lists the small number of variants and genotypes that pass the variant filtering pipeline implemented in the VEP-G2P plugin– one in HTML format for human use and another in machinereadable text format. These genotypes must then be subjected to expert clinical review before any decision regarding causative association with the presenting condition in the affected individual. These variants are at this stage computationally defined and would also normally require validation using a separate technology prior to research or clinical interpretation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-diagnostically-discriminative-vep-g2p-disease-3n29hmrh.png Figure 2: Diagnostically discriminative VEP-G2P disease-specific output. This figure summarizes the VEP-G2P analysis of three independent WES cohorts; DDD (n=7357), CRC (n=517) and GS (n=315) A. Odds ratios for samples carrying at least one valid G2P variant (passing the G2P criteria and on a canonical transcript) of specific type in the 454 unique G2PDD monoallelic genes: DDD vs GS (red) and CRC vs GS (black); two-tail Fisher’s Exact Test: * p-value 5x10-2, ** p-value 5x10-3, *** p-value 5x10-6; considering only missense variants for which both SIFT and PolyPhen agree deleterious/damaging. B. Odds ratios for samples carrying at least one valid G2P variant (passing the G2P criteria and on a canonical transcript) of specific type in the 950 unique G2PDD biallelic genes. https://scispace.com/papers/verbmobil-the-evolution-of-a-complex-large-speech-to-speech-21jgibxnyp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-functional-architecture-distinguishes-24-3frs5qfw.png Figure 2: The functional architecture distinguishes 24 interactively communicating modules. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-verbmobil-supports-the-translation-of-negotiation-5q1iibz5.png Figure 1: Verbmobil supports the translation of negotiation dialogs. https://scispace.com/papers/verbal-processing-speed-and-executive-functioning-in-long-1bgs8nanol 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-demographic-characteristics-27j3uqru.png Table 1. Participant demographic characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlations-and-p-values-a-of-vrs-and-perceptual-fjfx8e15.png Table 4. Correlations (and p values)a of VRS and perceptual encoding speed with participant demographic and hearing characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-and-p-values-a-of-vrs-and-perceptual-3vcn97dc.png Table 3. Correlations (and p values)a of VRS and perceptual encoding speed with speech, language, and executive function composites in CI and NH groups. https://scispace.com/papers/verge-in-vbs-2017-59earfftdk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-screenshot-of-verge-video-retrieval-engine-2wiscjf8.png Fig. 2. Screenshot of VERGE video retrieval engine. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-verge-framework-3k0naqyr.png Fig. 1. VERGE Framework. https://scispace.com/papers/verification-and-validation-of-encapsulation-flow-models-in-4lghxbjz6e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-identifying-key-phenomena-3bhl4h1e.png TABLE 1 Identifying Key Phenomena https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-validation-test-plan-linked-to-pirt-3u9t9gjz.png TABLE 2 Validation Test Plan Linked to PIRT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-verification-and-validation-process-overview-1trbynhg.png Figure 1.1: Verification and Validation Process Overview https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-validation-test-plan-linked-to-pirt-d96v611z.png TABLE 4 Validation Test Plan Linked to PIRT https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-validation-test-plan-linked-to-pirt-3lpfx241.png TABLE 3 Validation Test Plan Linked to PIRT https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-identifying-key-phenomena-1z6495be.png TABLE 1 Identifying Key Phenomena https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-validation-test-plan-linked-to-pirt-1n1n7c7f.png TABLE 4 Validation Test Plan Linked to PIRT https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-identifying-key-phenomena-8vdihp6x.png TABLE 1 Identifying Key Phenomena https://scispace.com/papers/verifiable-delegated-set-intersection-operations-on-29pzcqxcb7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notations-for-algorithms-and-parameters-in-the-vdsi-2hhfnkc0.png TABLE 1 Notations for algorithms and parameters in the VDSI, multi-accumulator and the signature scheme Sig. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-asymptotic-performance-comparison-for-the-vdsi-210z2aa0.png TABLE 4 Asymptotic performance comparison for the VDSI scheme and the straightforward solution. We assume that the straightforward solution adopting the encryption and decryption algorithms of the VDSI scheme. Here n is the size of Alice’s data set, m is the size of Bob’s data set, k is the size of set intersection, and Comp(PSI) and Comm(PSI) denotes the respective computation and communication complexity of the private set intersection protocol. Note that Comp(PSI) and Comm(PSI) are both linear to the size of data sets (m+ n) for the state-of-the-art solution [16]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-comparison-for-algorithms-enc-dec-augen-xk8d1es9.png Fig. 4. Performance comparison for algorithms Enc, Dec, AuGen and Verify executed on SERVER MACHINE. The algorithms with prefix “P-” were implemented with parallelization, and the algorithms without prefix were implemented without parallelization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-performance-comparison-between-our-vdsi-solution-and-ls4j919q.png Fig. 3. Performance comparison between our VDSI solution and the straightforward solution, where each data user outsourced the data set of 32768 elements. We vary the size of the intersection set with 25%, 50% and 75% of the size of the data set respectively. VDSIUser and VDSI-Cloud denote the costs spent by the cloud and each data user in the VDSI solution and User represents the cost spent by each data user in the straightforward solution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-asymptotical-efficiency-of-the-multi-accumulator-3gdkbaje.png TABLE 2 Asymptotical efficiency of the multi-accumulator scheme, where Exp denotes the exponentiation operation, Pairing denotes the pairing operation, n = |acDa|, m = |acDb| and k = |acDa ∩ acDb|. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-asymptotic-complexity-for-vdsi-scheme-where-exp-oeyta13i.png TABLE 3 Asymptotic complexity for VDSI scheme, where Exp denotes the exponentiation operation, Pairing denotes the pairing operation, n = |acDa|, m = |acDb| and k = |Da ∩ Db|, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-performance-of-vdsi-where-alice-and-bob-outsource-bhzueyxy.png Fig. 2. Performance of VDSI, where Alice and Bob outsource their data sets of the same size (i.e.,m = n), algorithms Enc, Dec, AuGen and Verify run on the CLIENT MACHINE, and algorithm SetOp runs on the SERVER MACHINE. https://scispace.com/papers/verification-and-validation-of-linear-gyrokinetic-simulation-3qm6ug8gze 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-variation-of-real-frequency-and-growth-rate-with-20hmmxb7.png FIG. 3. (a) Variation of real frequency and growth rate with qmin among the three models and the experimental frequency variation; (b) mode structure measured with ECEI for qmin¼ 3.22 (time¼ 733.5 ms). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-measurement-of-n1-4rsae-mode-structure-at-selected-k758hnkl.png FIG. 6. Measurement of n¼RSAE mode structure at selected times during the frequency sweep reveals the harmonic onset of ballooning character. The data shown is taken from shot #144256. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fourier-eigenmode-harmonics-of-the-potential-function-3vp88vvn.png FIG. 4. Fourier eigenmode harmonics of the potential function from the 3 codes at 3 qmin values: (a), (b), (c) are from GTC; (d), (e), (f) are from GYRO; and (g), (h), (i) are from TAEFL. In each case, the figures going from left to right are for qmin¼ 3.30, 3.22, and 3.16. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-profiles-used-in-the-calculations-a-electron-and-ion-1258g1wv.png FIG. 1. Profiles used in the calculations: (a) electron and ion densities; (b) electron and ion temperatures; (c) effective fast ion temperature; (d) fast ion density; (e) q-profile and (f) toroidal rotation velocity (not included in simulations). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-two-dimensional-eigenmode-structures-from-the-3-codes-16ikmh7g.png FIG. 5. Two-dimensional eigenmode structures from the 3 codes at 3 qmin values: (a), (b), (c) are from GTC; (d), (e), (f) are from GYRO; and (g), (h), (i) are from TAEFL. In each case, the figures going from left to right are for qmin¼ 3.30, 3.22, and 3.16. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-nubeam-calculation-of-the-volume-average-classical-36f4dyha.png FIG. 2. NUBEAM calculation of the volume-average, classical fast-ion distribution function in discharge #142111 near 725 ms. Positive pitch vk/v is in the co-current direction. https://scispace.com/papers/verification-of-cracked-section-shrinkage-curvature-models-284xwf1ost 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-deformation-in-the-z-direction-21b0m86m.png Figure 12. Deformation in the Z-direction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-comparison-of-shrinkage-curvatures-1132wtpb.png Figure 16. Comparison of shrinkage curvatures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketch-of-cross-section-and-strain-14jk4ple.png Figure 1. Sketch of cross-section and strain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sketch-of-superposition-of-creep-3a6k1w72.png Figure 4. Sketch of superposition of creep https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-approximation-of-stress-behaviour-3tmvzj3g.png Figure 3. Approximation of stress behaviour https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-mean-curvatures-from-fe-analysis-and-test-beam-b2-3pwegl00.png Figure 14. Mean curvatures from FE analysis and test: beam B2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-mean-curvatures-from-fe-analysis-and-test-beam-b4-244z09l1.png Figure 15. Mean curvatures from FE analysis and test: beam B4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-shrinkage-of-two-concretes-1cim3zuy.png Figure 5. Shrinkage of two concretes https://scispace.com/papers/verification-of-biological-models-with-timed-hybrid-petri-17tk1gz50r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-event-clock-automatonam-x-a-ph-ph-yv-t2-0-3-2p1zu5zd.png Fig. 4. Event Clock automatonAM × A¬φ. ϕ ≡ ¬(yv(T2)=0 ≥ 3) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-event-clock-automaton-of-the-thpn-model-denotedam-ph1-39ve48pz.png Fig. 2. Event Clock automaton of the THPN model, denotedAM . ϕ1 ≡ (m(C) = 1)∧(m(T4) = 9)∧(m(D2) = 4)∧(m(T3) = 0), ϕ2 ≡ (m(C) = 1)∧ (m(T4) = 3)∧ (m(D2) = 4)∧ (m(T3) = 6) and ϕ3 ≡ (m(C) = 2)∧(m(T4) = 0)∧(m(D2) = 4)∧(m(T3) = 3) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-thpn-of-cellular-cycle-activation-in-amphibian-2utrj8w8.png Fig. 1. The THPN of cellular cycle activation in amphibian metamorphosis and its evolution graph. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-event-clock-automatona-ph-reduced-to-accessible-vlvne3fm.png Fig. 3. Event Clock automatonA¬φ reduced to accessible locations https://scispace.com/papers/verification-of-comdes-ii-systems-using-uppaal-with-model-3r0o93j79e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interaction-between-a-state-machine-fb-smfb-and-a-5nv6d8xk.png Figure 3. Interaction between a state machine FB (SMFB) and a modal FB (MFB) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-split-phase-execution-of-actors-under-timed-2l4vlk1t.png Figure 2. Split-phase execution of actors under timed multitasking https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-behavioral-differences-between-comdes-ii-and-uppaal-kwajyxef.png Table 2. Behavioral differences between COMDES-II and UPPAAL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-example-state-machine-fb-smfb-1-2lqud37l.png Figure 4. An example state machine FB SMFB_1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-status-transition-graph-of-actor-tasks-3twl6t8h.png Figure 5. Status transition graph of actor tasks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-actor-concurrency-in-uppaal-ec56zvzg.png Figure 6. Actor concurrency in UPPAAL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-semantic-anchoring-of-codmes-ii-2vsrapn3.png Figure 1. Semantic anchoring of CODMES-II https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-an-uppaal-automaton-for-smfb-1-1z7aongl.png Figure 8. An UPPAAL automaton for SMFB_1 https://scispace.com/papers/verification-of-printer-datapaths-using-timed-automata-7g4t1mxw3r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-resource-automaton-1x9qself.png Fig. 4: Resource Automaton https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-worst-scan-job-latency-of-the-dimensioned-model-107m9beh.png Table 2: Worst scan job latency of the dimensioned model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-worst-scan-job-latency-with-the-improved-bus-2sdqi28r.png Table 3: Worst scan job latency with the improved bus throttling rule https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-oce-printer-architecture-2lh4i8ac.png Fig. 1: An Océ Printer Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-print-from-doc-box-automaton-2jnkoegj.png Fig. 5: Print from Doc Box Automaton https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-datapaths-2ygo7vzc.png Fig. 2: Datapaths https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-worst-scan-job-latency-with-print-jobs-in-the-system-234hsx5k.png Table 1: Worst scan job latency with print jobs in the system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-worst-scan-job-latency-without-print-jobs-in-the-3nv12ns2.png Fig. 6: Worst scan job latency without print jobs in the system https://scispace.com/papers/verification-of-the-relationship-between-fdi-and-gdp-in-3216ed9bpy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-unit-circle-for-the-var-model-6k0h5f31.png Figure 2. The unit circle for the VAR model https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fdi-responses-to-impulses-in-the-form-of-unit-2udbamua.png Table 4. FDI responses to impulses in the form of unit changes in GDP, GFCF, FDI, employment exports and gross domestic expenditure on R&D https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-kpss-stationarity-test-results-for-the-examined-1iy0h23e.png Table 2. KPSS stationarity test results for the examined sequences https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-graphs-of-fdi-impulse-responses-in-poland-the-vecm-2jjijql1.png Figure 4. Graphs of FDI impulse responses in Poland, the VECM model https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-inflow-of-fdi-to-poland-1999-2012-million-eur-25vk2obg.png Table 7. Inflow of FDI to Poland, 1999–2012 (million EUR) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gdp-responses-to-impulses-in-the-form-of-unit-3c3f0wew.png Table 3. GDP responses to impulses in the form of unit changes in GDP, GFCF, employment, FDI, exports, and gross domestic expenditure on R&D https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-series-of-the-model-variables-for-poland-1992-2d7obkuu.png Figure 1. Time series of the model variables for Poland, 1992–2012 (annual data, logarithmed) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-fdi-in-poland-in-selected-types-of-business-activity-32ryyigp.png Table 8. FDI in Poland in selected types of business activity of the direct investment entities, 2009–2012 (million EUR) https://scispace.com/papers/verification-of-the-selectivity-of-a-liquid-chromatography-rodny8p0iu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hplc-dad-chromatograms-obtained-according-to-2ru08poz.png Fig. 1 HPLC–DAD chromatograms obtained according to parameters defined in ‘‘HPLC–DAD conditions’’ section: standard mixture with 10 lg mL-1 of each analyte at 306 nm (a); overlaid at 306 nm for unspiked red wine (bottom line) and red wine spiked (top line) with a standard mixture of analytes (b). Peak identifications: transresveratrol (R), myricetin (M), trans-e-viniferin (V), quercetin (Q), trans-cinnamic acid (C) and kaempferol (K) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-set-of-uv-spectra-for-all-the-analytes-with-their-1k1z6vew.png Fig. 2 Set of UV spectra for all the analytes, with their corresponding chemical structures https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-concentration-of-saf-markers-and-trans-cinnamic-acid-349m5c91.png Table 5 Concentration of SaF markers and trans-cinnamic acid in commercial red wines samples from Campanha Gaúcha, according to the method described under ‘‘HPLC-DAD conditions’’ section https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-precision-accuracy-and-robustness-of-the-hplc-dad-16tmvufy.png Table 4 Precision, accuracy and robustness of the HPLC–DAD method for SaF and trans-cinnamic acid analysis in cabernet sauvignon red wine https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hplc-conditions-during-saf-and-trans-cinnamic-acid-j3979moy.png Table 1 HPLC conditions during SaF and trans-cinnamic acid method development https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analytical-characteristics-and-selectivity-values-sd-2iyy72hk.png Table 2 Analytical characteristics and selectivity (values ± SD) of the HPLC–DAD method for SaF and trans-cinnamic acid standards, according to section ‘‘HPLC–DAD conditions’’ https://scispace.com/papers/verification-of-uml-ocl-class-diagrams-using-constraint-2xdlyxjcse 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-de-nition-of-the-csp-for-the-running-example-1u98fxuz.png Figure 4. De nition of the CSP for the running example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-running-example-a-uml-class-diagram-with-ocl-2nz03vl0.png Figure 1. Running example: a UML class diagram with OCL constraints https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-several-methods-for-the-veri-cation-of-2anqqmrp.png Table 1. Comparison of several methods for the veri cation of UML/OCL class diagrams. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-implicit-cardinality-constraints-due-to-the-23b33rw4.png Figure 2. Implicit cardinality constraints due to the association multiplicities [5] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-translation-of-ocl-constraints-a-class-invariant-as9ld3em.png Figure 3. Translation of OCL constraints: (a) Class invariant after preprocessing, (b) OCL metamodel tree, (c) Constraint represented by means of Prolog rules in the CSP https://scispace.com/papers/verification-test-suite-verts-for-rail-gun-applications-4vh2kaecvv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-variation-of-the-normalized-kinetic-energy-for-2574ma13.png Figure 1: Time variation of the normalized kinetic energy for various mesh resolutions. The 2-D liddriven cavity problem is considered at Re = 100. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-locations-of-the-secondary-vortex-at-lower-left-and-2lsb96nw.png Table 6: Locations of the secondary vortex at lower left and lower right corners for the 2-D lid-driven cavity at Re = 1000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-a-u-and-b-v-velocity-along-the-1toh2esm.png Figure 4: Distribution of (a) u and (b) v-velocity along the centerlines for various mesh resolutions. The 2-D lid-driven cavity problem is considered at Re = 1000. Comparison with the results obtained by Ghia et al. [4] and Botella & Peyret[2]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distribution-of-a-u-and-b-v-velocity-along-the-3iznzaoc.png Figure 5: Distribution of (a) u and (b) v-velocity along the centerlines for melted Al and Cu at Re = 1000. Comparison with the results obtained by Ghia et al.[4] and Botella & Peyret[2]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-simulation-matrix-considered-for-the-2-d-lid-driven-ka76hob1.png Table 10: Simulation matrix considered for the 2-D lid-driven cavity using melted metals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-location-of-the-primary-vortex-for-the-2-d-lid-981a6cdr.png Table 2: Location of the primary vortex for the 2-D lid-driven cavity at Re = 100 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-a-u-and-b-v-velocity-along-the-36tqpxd7.png Figure 2: Distribution of (a) u and (b) v-velocity along the centerlines for various mesh resolutions. The 2-D lid-driven cavity problem is considered at Re = 100. Comparison with the results obtained by Ghia et al.[4]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-location-of-the-primary-vortex-for-the-2-d-lid-jwdsvtlp.png Table 4: Location of the primary vortex for the 2-D lid-driven cavity at Re = 1000 https://scispace.com/papers/verifying-a-computational-method-for-predicting-extreme-2ozo98bjci 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-figure-1-geographic-setting-of-the-solitario-canyon-13xd9ldq.png Figure 1 ▲ Figure 1. Geographic setting of the Solitario Canyon fault and the designated site of the nation’s high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain. The designated repository site (star) is 300 m below Yucca Mountain, in the footwall of the Solitario Canyon fault. This figure is slightly modified from Figure 7 of Andrews et al. (2007). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-some-of-the-basic-assumptions-in-tpv12-and-tpv13-for-1kegsqkq.png TABLE 1 Some of the Basic Assumptions in TPV12 and TPV13 (for complete details see http://scecdata.usc.edu/cvws) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-22gjtzbi.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1pw7r7k1.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1cem0gkp.png Figure 3. https://scispace.com/papers/verifying-a-synthesized-implementation-of-ieee-754-floating-1x2qpdjy8r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-block-diagram-3ohcy6pq.png Fig. 8. Comparison Block Diagram https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-floating-point-exponential-function-main-block-diagram-1db51qi0.png Fig. 2. Floating-Point Exponential Function Main Block Diagram https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-division-by-32-block-diagram-3b3gpv4m.png Fig. 5. Division by 32 Block Diagram https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-multiplication-block-diagram-tou8abcq.png Fig. 3. Multiplication Block Diagram https://scispace.com/papers/verifying-complex-continuous-real-time-systems-with-33m665bmuo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-sample-timed-automaton-1wci9iid.png Figure 1. A Sample Timed Automaton https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-controller-automaton-3tvnsgi1.png Figure 5. The Controller Automaton https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-track-controller-and-gate-automaton-3p79veoe.png Figure 4. track, controller, and gate automaton https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-automaton-23av6a0s.png Figure 2. An Automaton https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-pushdown-timed-automaton-rd3wda1i.png Figure 3. A Pushdown Timed Automaton https://scispace.com/papers/verifying-digital-systems-with-matlab-330lytmd63 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-verifying-stability-for-eq-1-in-matlab-with-a-fixed-3ge3nisx.png Figure 3: Verifying stability for Eq. 1 in MATLAB, with a fixed-point format ⟨2, 13⟩. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gui-application-for-transfer-function-verification-n483xdcu.png Figure 2: GUI Application for Transfer-Function Verification, in Closed-Loop Format. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dsverifier-toolboxs-verification-methodology-3owhbxuo.png Figure 1: DSVerifier Toolbox’s Verification Methodology. https://scispace.com/papers/verifying-the-nitrification-to-immobilisation-ratio-n-i-as-a-3o6lzpak0g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-description-of-methods-used-for-measurements-of-30tfcy2u.png Table I. Description of methods used for measurements of gross N transformations in the 4 studies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-gross-mineralisation-m-nitrification-n-and-1qpypgzi.png Table IV. Gross mineralisation (M),nitrification (N) and immobilisation (I) rates (mg N·kg –1 ·day –1 ) for grassland plots receiving no N fertiliser (0N), fertiliser (+N) and fixed N from clover. Means of 6 replicates (North Wyke) and 8 replicates (NZ) (SE in brackets). The calculated nitrification to immobilisation ratio (N/I) and the flow-weighted mean NO 3 – -N concentration (mg NO 3 – -N·L –1 ) are also given. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-cumulative-gross-mineralisation-m-immobilisation-i-r983udf8.png Table III. Cumulative gross mineralisation (M), immobilisation (I) and nitrification (N) rates (kg N·ha –1 ) after 21 days incubation of Hillsborough soils (Northern Ireland) having previously received inputs of 100, 200, 300, 400 or 500 kg N·ha –1 ·year –1 . The calculated nitrification to immobilisation ratio (N/I) and the flow-weighted mean NO 3 – -N concentration (mg NO 3 – -N·L –1 ) is also given. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-topsoil-characteristics-0-30-cm-and-cropping-3v0kyc5f.png Table II. Topsoil characteristics (0–30 cm) and cropping information for arable sites in England sampled at harvest 1998. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-gross-mineralisation-rates-m-mg-kg-1-day-1-and-gross-nht90yf3.png Table V. Gross mineralisation rates (M, mg·kg –1 ·day –1 ) and gross nitrification rates (N, mg·kg –1 ·day –1 ) for arable plots either receiving no N fertiliser (Zero) or the standard farm application (Farm) at a range of sites in England measured after harvest 1998. Means of three replicates (SE in brackets). Missing values are indicated by n/a. The calculated nitrification to immobilisation ratio (N/I) is also given. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-correlation-between-the-index-n-i-and-measured-g0ljl1ic.png Figure 1. Correlation between the index N/I and measured nitrate (NO 3 – ) leaching (kg N·ha –1 ) in grassland systems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-correlation-between-the-index-n-i-and-modelled-32xngm7e.png Figure 2. Correlation between the index N/I and modelled nitrate (NO 3 – ) leaching (kg N·ha –1 ) for arable systems. https://scispace.com/papers/verifying-chemical-reaction-network-implementations-a-mmox81n96g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-implementation-of-a-b-c-d-using-the-scheme-described-4yybl6zu.png Fig. 1. Implementation of A + B → C + D using the scheme described in [14]. Top: DNA complexes and reactions, given as a diagram of the DNA strand displacement circuit. Each complex shown in the diagram is one species in the enumerated CRN, and arrows are reactions that would be enumerated by a reaction enumerator. Designated “signal” species are enclosed in dashed boxes, and designated “fuel” species in gray boxes. Bottom left: Direct translation of reactions in the implementation CRN. Bottom right: Implementation CRN after removing fuels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-translation-scheme-from-15-when-used-as-a-general-317rqzom.png Fig. 5. The translation scheme from [15], when used as a general CRN implementation, violates the delimiting condition. Species named f are fuels. Top: DNA Strand Displacement diagram of the reversible reaction xB + i A:BCD i AB:CD + f +B with interpretation of involved species given. With the closest possible interpretation (shown), the reverse reaction (highlighted) is interpreted as C + D → A + B , which violates the delimiting condition when the only formal reaction is A + B → C + D . Bottom: List of enumerated reactions of the full DSD system for A + B → C + D , before removing fuels, with the violating reaction xB + i A:BCD i AB:CD + f +B highlighted. Although only one candidate interpretation is shown to be invalid in this figure, any other interpretation either has the same problem or is invalid for other reasons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-an-implementation-crn-that-satisfies-the-modularity-28bdx5ox.png Fig. 7. An implementation CRN that satisfies the modularity condition. Circles represent implementation species with interpretation given below the line, and boxes with arrows represent reactions, with reactants on one side of the box and products on the other; boxes where arrows point both ways are reversible reactions. Here the top CRN (S ′1, R′1) is a correct implementation of the formal reaction A + B → C + D , and the bottom CRN (S ′2, R′2) a correct implementation of C + A → B + D . Green arrows (which may appear as light gray in a black-and-white print) indicate reactions used to satisfy the modularity condition in Definition 3.3; for example, i1:2 τ=⇒ Y + Z by reaction i1:2 → xC + xD + w1:1, where Y = {|xC + xD |} ⊂ S ′1 ∩S ′2 and Z = {|w1:1|} has m(Z) = ∅. Thus the combined implementation CRN is a correct implementation of the combined formal CRN. If the reverse reaction i1:1 → xA did not exist, (S ′1, R′1) would still be a correct implementation of A + B → C + D , but the combined CRN would not satisfy the permissive condition, since state {|xC , i1:1|} cannot implement C + A → B + D without that reaction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-example-of-the-loopsearch-graph-for-the-formal-10790fn1.png Fig. 11. Example of the loopsearch graph for the formal reaction A + B → C with implementation CRN from Fig. 10B. The graph of minimal states from Fig. 10B is reproduced at bottom right, with each minimal state given a name S ′i . In the loopsearch graph, initial vertices (S ′i, S ′i , 0) are filled in green (which may appear as light gray in a black-and-white print), and terminal vertices represented by doubled circles. Vertices and edges not reachable from any initial vertex are grayed out, as they are not relevant to the theory or algorithms that follow. The permissive condition is true for A + B → C if and only if for each initial vertex, there is a path in the loopsearch graph to some terminal vertex. One such path is given by the numbered vertices 0 through 4 from initial vertex ({|yA + xB |} , {|yA + xB |} , 0) to terminal vertex ({|yA + yB |} , {|yA + yB |} , ∞z); observe that each of the other four initial vertices can also reach a terminal vertex, so the permissive condition is true for this interpretation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-pictorial-illustration-of-the-search-tree-explored-2b9bjvfh.png Fig. 13. A pictorial illustration of the search tree explored by the reactionsearch algorithm for the given pair of formal and implementation CRNs. Doublelined boxes indicate the new constraints on the partial interpretation at each node of the tree, where x ≡ A is shorthand for m(x) = A. Rounded boxes indicate the new constraints on the interpretation of reactions, where r ≡ r′ is shorthand for requiring that m(r′) = r. The dashed box indicates the Diophantine equation set up by the trivial reaction solver upon the first execution where it can successfully find a solution. The blue dotted boxes illustrate the table of which implementation reactions may be interpreted as which formal reactions, for the given node in the tree. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-interpretation-of-the-implementation-crn-in-fig-1-m-nd92921n.png Fig. 2. Interpretation of the implementation CRN in Fig. 1. m(tCD )= A + B would also be a valid interpretation for this CRN. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-example-formal-and-implementation-crn-corresponding-2z4qj5rb.png Fig. 14. Example formal and implementation CRN corresponding to an instance of the 3-SAT problem. Top left: example 3-SAT instance. Top middle: the formal CRN. Eventual interpretations of the corresponding implementation reactions are given in parentheses. Top right: the implementation CRN corresponding to this 3-SAT instance. Each 3-SAT clause has a corresponding implementation reaction, with auxiliary implementation reactions added. Bottom left: a satisfying assignment for the 3-SAT formula. Bottom right: a valid CRN bisimulation interpretation for the two CRNs, which the reactionsearch algorithm would find. Note the correspondence between satisfying assignment and interpretation: if xi is true then m(xti ) = T and m(x fi ) = ∅, otherwise m(xti ) = ∅ and m(x fi ) = T . Such an interpretation is a CRN bisimulation if and only if the corresponding assignment satisfies the 3-SAT formula; if no satisfying assignment exists, then no valid interpretation exists. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-modified-version-of-the-rock-paper-scissors-oscillator-10ymmqy6.png Fig. 4. Modified version of the rock–paper–scissors oscillator [5,6] and an incorrect implementation. Adding the reactions 2A 0.01−−→ 2B etc. ensures that the formal CRN oscillates forever under stochastic semantics (left CRN, left image); without these reactions, eventually the count of one will hit zero and can never be recovered [6]. An implementation CRN with two variants (xA , yA , etc.) of each formal species oscillates correctly over short periods of time, and the sets of trajectories of the two CRNs are the same; however, the implementation CRN can and eventually will reach a state where all species are in y form, in which case no further reactions can happen (right CRN, right image). https://scispace.com/papers/vernacular-buildings-of-the-outer-hebrides-300-bc-ad-1930-mgfkjuavw9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-the-gleann-mor-enclosure-being-discussed-by-mary-1dhm9vb8.png Figure 20 The Gleann Mòr enclosure being discussed by Mary Harman and RCAHMS staff. DP209270 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-35-gathering-fold-a-with-two-more-recent-cleitean-to-1ln4it34.png Figure 35 Gathering fold A, with two more recent cleitean to the left. DP045505 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-52-the-storehouse-on-st-kilda-was-constructed-in-the-3r7htzb7.png Figure 52 The storehouse on St Kilda was constructed in the 1780s as part of wider efforts to promote a fishing industry. SC1463846 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-detailed-plans-of-st-kildan-blackhouses-undertaken-30rgvho6.png Figure 28 Detailed plans of St Kildan blackhouses, undertaken by the author and Alison McCaig in 2014. SC1450793 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-rcahms-staff-ian-scott-and-alasdair-maclaren-2qo577uu.png Figure 17 RCAHMS staff Ian Scott and Alasdair Maclaren surveying a hillfort in 1961. This rare image lays emphasis on the importance in landscape archaeology of constant discussion and iterative reflection. SC1098663 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-donald-macgregor-depicted-the-relict-head-dykes-as-2hpkala6.png Figure 8 Donald Macgregor depicted the relict head-dykes (as embankments), as well as a suite of ‘pre-1834’ structures, and ‘vestiges’. University of Edinburgh Special Collections Map.PC.118 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-an-os-record-sheet-for-st-kilda-annotated-with-3tgn4pls.png Figure 9 An OS record sheet for St Kilda, annotated with Davidson’s notes. DP207930 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-the-1918-gun-emplacement-sc1475383-c-courtesy-of-187olfzp.png Figure 24 The 1918 gun emplacement. SC1475383 © Courtesy of HES (Graham and Anna Ritchie Collection) https://scispace.com/papers/vers-une-typologie-des-alliances-technologiques-1j818w7jsa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-partenaires-des-alliances-3b9skp73.png Fig. 3 – Partenaires des alliances https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-le-concept-de-technologie-1y66poim.png Fig. 2 – Le concept de technologie https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-la-notion-dalliance-en-quatre-points-cles-qom97jqo.png Fig. 1 – La notion d’alliance en quatre points-clés https://scispace.com/papers/vers-une-hermeneutique-des-dispositifs-dits-inclusifs-3eiqq5dmmu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-articulation-des-projets-pps-ppc-pia-896o7s66.png Figure 1 – Articulation des projets (PPS, PPC, PIA). https://scispace.com/papers/versatility-of-reverse-micelles-from-biomimetic-model-to-378vpib5he 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-correlation-between-the-general-structure-of-rms-1cwmax2r.png Figure 6. Correlation between the general structure of RMs and the multilayered structure of water inside RMs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-cross-section-through-a-aot-based-rm-b-28qn7hip.png Figure 4. Schematic cross section through (a) AOT-based RM; (b) CTAB-based RM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-correlation-between-the-type-of-curvature-and-3j6dpy1n.png Figure 2. Correlation between the type of curvature and surfactant morphology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-representation-of-rms-at-different-levels-2853n8st.png Figure 5. Schematic representation of RMs at different levels: (a) macroscopic; (b) microscopic; (c) molecular. https://scispace.com/papers/versatile-spectral-imaging-with-an-algorithm-based-4bw7av9f4q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-three-lwir-bandpass-filters-spectra-solid-black-lines-1pcwvs3d.png Fig. 8. Three LWIR bandpass filters spectra (solid black lines) reconstructed using 31 bias voltages and triangular bandpass filters with FWHM of 0.5µm (red open circles). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-lwir-filter-spectrum-solid-black-line-reconstructed-3max71ru.png Fig. 7. LWIR filter spectrum (solid black line) reconstructed with 31 bias voltages (open circles) or 4 bias voltages (red triangles) and using triangular bandpass filters with FWHM of 0.5µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-polyethylene-sheet-spectrum-black-solid-line-3kdp8eqk.png Fig. 10. Polyethylene sheet spectrum (black solid line) reconstructed with the algorithmic spectrometer using triangular bandpass filters with FWHM of 0.25µm and using 27 bias voltages (blue dotted line) or 14 bias voltages (green dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-polyethylene-sheet-spectrum-black-solid-line-197r1bxk.png Fig. 9. Polyethylene sheet spectrum (black solid line) reconstructed with the algorithmic spectrometer using 27 bias voltages and a triangular band pass filter FWHM of 0.5µm (red dashed line) or 0.25µm (blue dotted line). Inset is enlarged around the absorption feature at 5.8µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-chart-describing-algorithmic-spectrometer-process-19kc3sgn.png Fig. 1. Flow chart describing algorithmic spectrometer process. (A) Intrinsic QDIP responses at various applied bias voltages. (B) Desired arbitrary spectral shape – a narrow triangular bandpass filter. (C) Weighted intrinsic QDIP responses formed from multiplying the intrinsic QDIP responses by the associated weighting factors. (D) Sum of weighted intrinsic QDIP responses approximating desired triangular bandpass filter. (E) Approximations of desired triangular bandpass filters with different centre wavelengths. (F) Photocurrent measurement set-up. (G) Final reconstruction of incident unfiltered blackbody radiation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dark-current-at-77k-as-a-function-of-mean-electric-1cfwclp0.png Fig. 3. Dark current at 77K as a function of mean electric field for the 40 stack (black dotted line) and 80 stack (red dashed line) QDIPs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-structure-of-the-qdips-used-in-this-work-to-evaluate-f1t4cu7c.png Fig. 2. Structure of the QDIPs used in this work to evaluate the algorithmic spectrometer theory. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-d-at-77k-as-a-function-of-mean-electric-field-for-the-qbmf92al.png Fig. 4. D* at 77K as a function of mean electric field for the 40 stack (open circles) and 80 stack (red triangles) QDIPs. https://scispace.com/papers/version-2-0-0-of-ace-tables-header-format-e7c27jx8jj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-available-names-for-s-a-b-materials-names-in-red-dgv87quz.png Table 3: Available names for S(α, β) materials. Names in red have dashes instead of the slashes used in previous libraries. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-available-data-classes-3tugzv47.png Table 1: Available data classes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-variables-in-the-new-ace-table-header-2hgkmeyr.png Table 2: Description of variables in the new ACE table header format. https://scispace.com/papers/versuch-einer-entwickelungs-geschichte-der-torfmoose-15q3mok7kd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-xvi-fig-1-ss-xviji-fig-1-es-ist-diese-erscheinung-also-38129zu4.png Fig. 6; XVI, Fig. 1 ß; XVIJI, Fig. 1). Es ist diese Erscheinung also keine für gewisse Arten constante, sondern eine durch äussere Umstände bedingte, zufällige, und kann https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-6-der-fall-ist-diese-das-saugsystem-der-pflanze-noch-vpd7grva.png Fig. 5, 6) der Fall ist. Diese, das Saugsystem der Pflanze noch verstärkenden Blattöhrchen https://scispace.com/papers/versuch-einer-systematischen-bestimmung-und-brbw1owg8n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cjlidrus-baltealus-n-sp-3jh5e2fb.png Fig. 1. Cjlidrus baltealus n. sp. https://scispace.com/papers/vertebral-strength-prediction-under-anterior-compressive-3vxnx0a8qg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-linear-regression-analysis-between-the-experimental-1ul9wbx4.png Table 1. linear regression analysis between the experimental vertebral strength and: areal Bmd (aBmd) from dXa, Fem strength (F Fe ) and stiffness (K Fe ), and experimental stiffness (K expe ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-linear-regression-of-experimental-vertebral-70w99edf.png Figure 2. linear regression of experimental vertebral strength as a function of Fem predicted strength (FFe). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-setup-for-anterior-compressive-test-of-3v18452f.png Figure 1. experimental setup for anterior compressive test of an isolated vertebral body. https://scispace.com/papers/vertdepn-quality-test-procedures-of-dpf-scr-systems-1z6lrqiiq4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-variation-of-a-with-adblue-vs-ammonium-hydroxide-3sb99dvj.png Figure 11. Variation of α with AdBlue vs. Ammonium Hydroxide. DPF & SCR-catalyst, IVECO F1C, E(4), ULSD https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-efficiency-and-non-regulated-emissions-of-a-retrofit-3um8ovnw.png Table 4. Efficiency and non-regulated emissions of a retrofit VSCR system before and after 1000h field test; overall average PCFE = 99.6% https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-engine-dynamometer-and-test-equipment-2y9ozr65.png Figure 8. Engine dynamometer and test equipment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-comparison-of-unregulated-emissions-in-4-pts-test-3kl1pf4y.png Figure 17. Comparison of Unregulated Emissions in 4 Pts-TEST with & without residues, SCR with AdBlue Injection, Iveco F1C E(4); ULSD https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-validation-of-the-nox-reduction-rate-in-4-points-2b8q3ddz.png Figure 18. Validation of the NOx-reduction rate in 4-points- and in 6-points test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-vertdepn-testing-procedure-for-dpf-scr-combisystems-18yc8lj8.png Figure 1. VERTdePN Testing Procedure for DPF+SCR Combisystems https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-switch-off-egr-mode-at-2200-rpm-162-nm-iveco-f1c-e4-1z2cl66n.png Figure 9. Switch off EGR mode at 2200 rpm / 162 Nm Iveco F1C E4; Diesel; w/o exhaust gas aftertreatment system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-example-of-cross-sensitivity-during-nh3-storage-at-2jfq74u7.png Figure 16. Example of Cross-Sensitivity during NH3 Storage at OP1 Iveco F1C Euro (4); ULSD https://scispace.com/papers/vertex-corrections-for-positive-definite-spectral-functions-3myvq3rfrb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-rate-gdk-oth-for-k-1-4-1-25kf-calculated-from-the-2km65rhd.png FIG. 2. (a) Rate Γðk;ωÞ for k ¼ 1.25kF calculated from the PSD SE of Ref. [51] with the Gð0ÞWð0Þ GF (red dots) and from the SE Σ ¼ Σaā þ Σcc̄ þ Σaa with the QP GF (dashed). (b) QP energy correction Δϵk ¼ ϵk − ϵð0Þk and (c) dispersion of the plasmon satellites for Gð0ÞWð0Þ (dotted) and our vertex approximation (solid). The corrections to μ (with respect to the mean-field value) are Δμ ¼ −1.76ϵF and Δμ ¼ −1.81ϵF, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-c-the-half-diagrams-emerging-from-the-bisection-of-2yemsgh2.png FIG. 1. (a)–(c) The half diagrams emerging from the bisection of the Σð2Þ partitions (the wiggly lines denote the screened interaction). (d)–(f) Three partitions of the PSD self-energy and (g)–(i) their momentum space representation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-c-gdk-oth-for-three-momentum-values-the-black-line-1zc4vzqx.png FIG. 4. (a)–(c) Γðk;ωÞ for three momentum values. The black line is the total contribution from the SE diagrams aā, cc̄, and aa. The contribution of each diagram is separated according to the intermediate states (e-h states or plasmons) involved, and it is displayed in different colors. Electron spectral functions are shown in the insets. (d) Renormalization factor of the QP and PL excitations. (e) Momentum occupation number nk. (f) Broadening of the QP and PL excitations. For panels (d)–(f) we show the results using Gð0ÞWð0Þ (dotted) and our vertex approximation (solid). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-energy-and-momentum-resolved-spectral-function-with-22o7ehqe.png FIG. 3. Energy- and momentum-resolved spectral function with vertex corrections. The solid lines denote the free electron dispersion. The dots denote the solutions of the real Dyson equation, see the main text. For some momentum values multiple solutions (marked with different colors) are obtained. https://scispace.com/papers/vertical-and-horizontal-distribution-of-sediment-nitrite-2046qm1n4d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-upgma-cluster-diagram-of-n-damo-pmoa-gene-25mw297x.png Figure 4 UPGMA cluster diagram of n-damo pmoA gene composition similarity values for sediment samples from Gaozhou Reservoir. Similarity levels are indicated below the diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-compositions-of-n-damo-pmoa-clusters-in-reservoir-3d8nllq2.png Figure 3 Compositions of n-damo pmoA clusters in reservoir sediments Figure 4 UPGMA cluster diagram of n-damo pmoA gene composition similarity values for sediment samples from Gaozhou Reservoir. Similarity levels are indicated below the diagram. Figure 5 CCA ordination plot for the first two principal dimensions of the relationship between n-damo pmoA OTU composition and the determined environmental factor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-compositions-of-n-damo-pmoa-clusters-in-reservoir-7tz7v5cu.png Figure 3 Compositions of n-damo pmoA clusters in reservoir sediments Figure 4 UPGMA cluster diagram of n-damo pmoA gene composition similarity values for sediment samples from Gaozhou Reservoir. Similarity levels are indicated below the diagram. Figure 5 CCA ordination plot for the first two principal dimensions of the relationship between n-damo pmoA OTU composition and the determined environmental factor https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physicochemical-features-of-reservoir-sediments-3mc3tuml.png Table 1 Physicochemical features of reservoir sediments https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-spearman-rank-correlation-analysis-of-sediment-n-3semazcb.png Table 2 Spearman rank correlation analysis of sediment n-damo organisms with the determined environmental factors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cca-ordination-plot-for-the-first-two-principal-2mltqxab.png Figure 5 CCA ordination plot for the first two principal dimensions of the relationship between n-damo pmoA OTU composition and the determined environmental factors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-abundance-of-n-damo-16s-rrna-gene-in-the-different-2wmaweex.png Figure 1 Abundance of n-damo 16S rRNA gene in the different sediment samples. Different letters above the columns indicate the significant differences (P<0.05). https://scispace.com/papers/vertical-contamination-in-the-unconfined-groundwater-at-the-2wm0sug8g5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-6-concentration-of-eoeo-in-well-699-31-31-in-1976-p3cxy19f.png FIGURE A.6. Concentration of EOeo in Well 699-31-31 in 1976 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-packer-assembly-h7lq2etm.png FIGURE 7. Packer Assembly https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-contamination-results-for-wells-699-28-40-2vknipd7.png TABLE 1. Selected Contamination Results for Wells 699-28-40, 699-31-31, and 699-37-43, May 1975 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-2-concentration-of-60co-in-well-699-31-31-in-1975-o0iplecs.png FIGURE A.2. Concentration of 60Co in Well 699-31-31 in 1975 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-wells-sampled-for-contaminants-in-the-ground-water-3m2ncgc4.png FIGURE 3. Wells Sampled for Contaminants in the Ground Water at Hanford https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-10-concentration-of-tritium-in-selected-wells-in-5i3slm3u.png FIGURE A.10. Concentration of Tritium in Selected Wells in 1977 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-location-of-wells-699-28-40-699-31-31-and-699-37-43-2twjfeyo.png FIGURE 4. Location of Wells 699-28-40, 699-31-31, and 699-37-43 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-phase-i-and-phase-ii-contamination-results-for-well-3j5coo7v.png TABLE 2. Phase I and Phase II Contamination Results for Well 699-31-31 https://scispace.com/papers/vertical-datum-unification-for-the-international-height-huhz3y3py5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-vertical-datum-parameters-for-the-local-height-systems-23ph30al.png Fig. 1: Vertical datum parameters for the local height systems i and i+1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-residuals-obtained-after-the-estimation-of-the-3iwnu7eb.png Fig. 5: Residuals obtained after the estimation of the vertical datum parameters by employing the geodetic data currently in use (left) and the geodetic data homogenised in this study (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-north-american-vertical-datum-parameters-with-respect-2w6fhyb3.png Fig. 3: North American vertical datum parameters with respect to the IHRS reference level W0= 62 636 853.4 m 2s-2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-of-the-dir5-model-omission-error-computed-9xbwwrs9.png Table 1: Statistics of the DIR5 model omission error computed at tide gauges using local data. Map shows the geographic location of the tide gauges. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-indirect-bias-term-computed-with-the-full-unmodified-23zac0cr.png Fig. 2: Indirect bias term computed with the full-unmodified kernel function (left, above) and residual kernel functions of various truncation degrees Nmax. https://scispace.com/papers/vertical-differentiation-uncertainty-product-r-d-and-policy-2pv8nsz5jt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-the-northern-firms-r-d-investment-when-1d7qh158.png Figure 4 – Evolution of the Northern firm’s R&D Investment When 𝒒𝒒 Varies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-economic-impact-of-each-policy-instrument-2gasfe13.png Table 1 – Economic Impact of Each Policy Instrument https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evolution-of-the-difference-in-profit-when-varies-5kqjewlx.png Figure 1 – Evolution of the difference in profit �𝝅𝝅�𝝅𝝅 − 𝝅𝝅�𝝅𝝅� when 𝝓𝝓 varies https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-optimal-policy-instruments-and-evolution-u2msh9k3.png Table 3 (continued) – Optimal Policy Instruments and Evolution of the Northern Country’s Expected National Welfare https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-evolution-of-the-northern-countrys-expected-consumer-3799eptu.png Table 2 – Evolution of the Northern Country’s Expected Consumer Surplus with an Import Tariff, a Quality Standard, a Minimum-price and an Import Quota https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-optimal-policy-instruments-and-evolution-of-the-w2h537c8.png Table 3 (continued) – Optimal Policy Instruments and Evolution of the Northern Country’s Expected National Welfare https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-the-expected-northern-consumer-surplus-9aav7iu9.png Figure 2 – Evolution of the expected Northern consumer surplus when the R&D investment varies https://scispace.com/papers/vertical-integration-and-supplier-finance-2booetrwln 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-reweighting-equations-fully-owned-foreign-firms-only-2xco25r0.png Table 5: Reweighting Equations, fully owned foreign firms only https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-comparisons-of-means-c9eqal9j.png Table 1: Summary Statistics —Comparisons of means https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-reweighting-equations-joint-venture-foreign-firms-2ubpba11.png Table 6: Reweighting Equations, joint venture foreign firms only https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-propensity-score-estimation-3e5xmvv4.png Table 2: Propensity score estimation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-standard-propensity-score-matching-estimates-att-2t2wq44j.png Table 3: Standard propensity score matching estimates (ATT) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-reweighting-equations-fully-owned-firms-different-1yqgbswg.png Table 7: Reweighting Equations, fully owned firms, different sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-reweighting-equations-2psmsuo8.png Table 4: Reweighting Equations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-predictive-margins-of-organizational-forms-1z9sjobz.png Figure 1: Predictive Margins of Organizational Forms https://scispace.com/papers/vertical-integration-in-gasoline-supply-an-empirical-test-of-24a4nlrrf3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-coefficients-for-upstream-and-downstream-2pa8ix6t.png Table 2: Correlation Coefficients for Upstream and Downstream Market Variables for Broad Panel Regression https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-strategic-and-substitution-effects-3b1mcuoy.png Figure 4. Strategic and Substitution Effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regression-of-effects-of-raising-rival-s-costs-1m2l7rtl.png Table 6: Regression of Effects of Raising Rival's Costs Dependent Variable: Weekly average unbranded wholesale rack price for Tosco less the rack price in Phoenix. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-wholesale-price-versus-independent-retail-market-fhw2a4ei.png Figure 5. Wholesale Price Versus Independent Retail Market Share https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-of-market-concentration-and-pc21h15s.png Table 1: Summary Statistics of Market Concentration and Vertical Integration Variables for the Entire Panel of Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-characteristics-of-markets-affected-by-tosco-unocal-y4s6cikr.png Table 5: Characteristics of Markets affected by Tosco-Unocal Merger Downstream Market Share is measured as percent of total stations in the metropolitan area https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-broad-panel-regression-results-dependent-variable-24725zen.png Table 4: Broad Panel Regression Results Dependent Variable: Quarterly average unbranded wholesale price by metropolitan area, less the spot price of crude oil Robust Standard Errors corrected for serial correlation and city-specific heteroskedasticity* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-vertical-integration-case-15sq052i.png Figure 2. Vertical Integration Case https://scispace.com/papers/vertical-integration-of-hrd-policy-within-companies-5ao5wzc6p4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-percentages-of-respondents-for-decisionmaking-in-49xdqu43.png Table 4: Percentages of respondents for decisionmaking in strategic HRD aligning (multiple response) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-levels-in-hrd-policymaking-h06689bu.png Figure I: Levels in HRD policymaking https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-differences-in-strategic-hrd-aligning-for-economic-3i9o4adu.png Table 6: Differences in strategic HRD aligning for economic sector and type of HRD program https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-strategic-hrd-aligning-in-companies-means-per-group-1mpc2wwf.png Table 2: Strategic HRD aligning in companies: means per group of respondent, and level of agreement between groups of respondents and between respondents within companies https://scispace.com/papers/vertical-relationships-and-competition-in-retail-gasoline-evbsxg4brr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-probit-estimation-of-the-probability-of-choosing-a-3mj5wqfh.png Table VI: Probit Estimation of the Probability of Choosing a Dealer Contract Type https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-fixed-effects-estimation-independent-coefficient-1vobkhtv.png Table VII: Fixed-Effects Estimation, Independent coefficient by concentration effects Dependent Variable: Retail Price for Regular Unleaded https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-variance-components-estimation-1w8e9g7g.png Table III: Variance Components Estimation https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-fixed-effects-estimation-dependent-variable-retail-e47vy950.png Table V: Fixed-Effects Estimation Dependent Variable: Retail Price for Regular Unleaded https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-map-of-thrifty-stations-in-los-angeles-metropolitan-15323hio.png Figure I: Map of Thrifty Stations in Los Angeles Metropolitan Area. Squares with flags denote a Thrifty Station https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-pooled-regression-estimated-effects-of-company-2qcxkooe.png Table IV: Pooled Regression: Estimated Effects of Company Operated and Independent stations on Retail Price of Regular Unleaded Gasoline (Robust standard errors in parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-fixed-effects-estimation-independent-coefficient-1z5h9ibm.png Table VIII: Fixed-Effects Estimation, Independent coefficient by Brand Group Dependent Variable: Retail Price for Regular Unleaded (Standard Errors in Parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-average-price-by-competition-type-and-city-2iej274z.png Table II: Average Price by Competition type and City https://scispace.com/papers/vertical-sorting-and-the-morphodynamics-of-bed-form-1oap41g1sr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-input-and-output-parameters-of-the-1dpj0ygr.png Table 1. List of Input and Output Parameters of the Morphodynamic Model System for Both a Regular Application and This Specific Case Studya https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-interpretation-of-initial-and-equilibrium-stages-of-2b3qqfve.png Figure 9. Interpretation of initial and equilibrium stages of experiments (a) B2 and (b) A2 [Blom et al., 2003]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-the-computed-composition-of-the-bed-load-transport-1gtwck9l.png Figure 16. The computed composition of the bed load transport until 500 flow hours, for experiments (a) B2 and (b) A2. Note the log scale on the x axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-the-measured-sorting-profile-at-the-end-of-the-1mqc1ujw.png Figure 17. The measured sorting profile at the end of the experiment, the computed sorting profile at the end of the experiment, and the computed sorting profile after 500 flow hours for experiments B2 and A2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-measured-and-computed-time-evolution-of-the-volume-ebs5eta2.png Figure 15. Measured and computed time evolution of the volume fraction content of size fractions in the bed load transport, Fai, for experiment A2. Note that the large markers on the right-hand side of the plot represent the measured composition of the bed load transport averaged over the equilibrium period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-longitudinal-profile-of-bed-elevations-together-9pg7lb1v.png Figure 1. Longitudinal profile of bed elevations, together with grid points in x direction of the morphodynamic model system to which the sorting evolution model is applied. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scheme-of-a-morphodynamic-model-system-for-q9yfa0wz.png Figure 2. Scheme of a morphodynamic model system for nonuniform sediment to which the sorting evolution model is applied. Gray boxes represent submodels that are part of the sorting evolution model. Evolution of the vertical sorting profile occurs through vertical sediment fluxes accompanying dune migration (type I), a change in time of the PDF of relative trough elevations (type II), and net aggradation or degradation (type III). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-measured-time-evolution-of-the-pdf-of-relative-2i7tij4f.png Figure 8. Measured time evolution of the PDF of relative trough elevations, ~phb, for experiment A2. https://scispace.com/papers/vertical-splitting-of-vortices-in-geophysical-dipoles-10xhcbz70g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-as-in-fig-5-but-for-the-lower-cyclone-in-b-the-28ert659.png FIG. 7. As in Fig. 5, but for the lower cyclone. In (b) the vertical index iz 5 (36, 38, 40, 42) of the cyclone trajectory X(iz, t) is included, and some intercentroid lines (discontinuous lines) shown in (a) are repeated here for reference. The horizontal scales are isotropic. Note the two precession cycles of the vortex once its horizontal displacement decreases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-series-of-the-horizontal-location-of-the-pv-241w3ta0.png FIG. 5. Time series of the horizontal location of the PV centers X6(z, t). (a) The long continuous line is the upper cyclone trajectory at z 5 0 (iz 5 64). The short lines starting along the upper cyclone trajectory join the horizontal locations of the PV centers at different depths X1(z(iz), t), for iz2 [49, 64], every 2Tip. Ticks mark time in Tip. Similar lines are included in the anticyclone (iz 2 [57, 64]), but these are so short that they appear only as points. (b) Vortex trajectories X6(z, t) at the depths given in (a). The anticyclone trajectories at different depths are so close in the figure that they appear as a single curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-contours-of-the-intercentroid-distance-r-z-t-for-a-the-f3ki7tyx.png FIG. 6. Contours of the intercentroid distance R(z, t) for (a) the upper cyclone (referenced to izr 5 56) and (b) the lower cyclone (izr 5 39). Contour interval D5 0.05c. Note the increase of R during the shearing period and its decrease during the splitting period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-u-1-z-t-u-1min-u-1min-5-31-3-10-3-u-1-2-31-92-3-10-3-189f7dm6.png FIG. 8. (a) U 1(z, t) U 1min(U 1min 5 31 3 10 3, U 1 2 [31, 92] 3 10 3, contour interval D 5 5 3 1023). (b) Time series of the vertically averaged vortices speed U 6 (t)(3102) and orientation T 6 (t)(310) as defined by (8) with z1 6 5 58 and z2 6 5 64. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-isosurfaces-of-x-y-z-5-60-1-at-times-t-5-5-25-and-18xrcala.png FIG. 1. Isosurfaces of -(x, y, z) 5 60.1 at times t 5 5, 25, and 45Tip. The views are (a) from the top and (b) from the south. In this figure and Fig. 2, a simple three-dimensional three-point boxcar filter was used to remove small-scale features and facilitate the visualization of the relevant larger-scale surfaces. Note the horizontal displacement of the dipole and the large speed of displacement of the upper part of the cyclone (- . 0) compared to the lower part. The axes labels indicate distance in grid points and the axes scaling is isotropic in the QG space. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-isosurfaces-of-x-y-z-5-0-1-cyclone-as-in-fig-1-but-at-3c9cybdu.png FIG. 2. Isosurfaces of -(x, y, z) 5 0.1 (cyclone), as in Fig. 1, but at t 5 70Tip and t 5 90Tip. The arrow indicates the direction of the dipole displacement. Note the precession of the lower cyclone around its PV center. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-scatterplots-of-i-2-z-t0-ri-2-z-t0-and-polynomials-z-3bktwhic.png FIG. 10. Scatterplots of (-i 2(z, t0), ri 2(z, t0)) and polynomials -̂(z, t; r) (continuous lines) at different depths (iz 2 [38, 64] as indicated) and at (a) t0 5 24Tip and (b) t0 5 27Tip. Note the scattering increase from (a) t 5 24Tip to (b) t 5 27Tip. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-time-series-of-t-1-t-arctan-b-1-t-in-sexagesimal-dvd2ip8m.png FIG. 9. Time series of T̂ 1 (t) [ arctan b̂ 1 (t) (in sexagesimal degrees) for (a) the upper cyclone (zi 2 [49, 57]) and (b) the lower cyclone (zi 2 [36, 42]). Note the closely linear growth (line L) during the shearing period. https://scispace.com/papers/verto-a-visual-notation-for-declarative-process-models-2klrwh7l2g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-overview-of-verto-templates-the-pink-square-and-z8uhewet.png Figure 4: Overview of VERTO templates. The pink square and lines can be replaced with those following. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-in-the-notation-by-hanser-5-left-response-3nifr6zl.png Figure 3: Examples in the notation by Hanser [5]: (left) Response(a,b) and (right) Alternate Response(a,b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-from-di-ciccio-et-al-3-left-1pb3wtqw.png Figure 2: Examples from Di Ciccio et. al. [3]: (left) respondedExistence(t,u) and (right) notResponse(t,q). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-templates-in-declare-left-response-a-b-3s8lg0or.png Figure 1: Examples of templates in Declare: (left) Response(A,B) and (right) AlternateResponse(A,B). https://scispace.com/papers/veto-and-vacillation-a-neural-precursor-of-the-decision-to-4lfp1ofcps 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rewards-i-e-appropriately-timed-actions-see-text-and-3cj1nkc2.png Table 1. Rewards (i.e., Appropriately Timed Actions, See Text) and Mean Temporal Intervals in Rule-based and Voluntary Conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-erp-data-n-18-for-omissions-at-electrode-cz-left-1qpormrl.png Figure 2. ERP data (n = 18) for omissions at electrode Cz (left) and across the scalp (right). Shaded colors around ERPs show standard error. Zero milliseconds indicates the inferred time of action omission. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-erp-data-n-18-for-standard-omission-1-and-omission-1x3ickwp.png Figure 1. ERP data (n = 18) for standard, omission − 1, and omission + 1 actions at electrode C3—the position of the omitted action in the sequence is indicated by the dots. Shaded colors around ERPs show standard error. Data are time-locked to action onset (keypress). Note difference between conditions in RPs for actions immediately prior to omission. https://scispace.com/papers/viability-of-polysulfide-retaining-barriers-in-li-s-battery-rrynn244v1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overall-cell-cost-depending-on-the-thickness-of-the-1916umlq.png Figure 3. Overall cell cost depending on the thickness of the polysulfide barrier (sulfur loading 4 mg cm−2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gravimetric-left-and-volumetric-right-energy-20akm90h.png Figure 2. Gravimetric (left) and volumetric (right) energy densities as a function of polysulfide-barrier thickness (sulfur loading 4 mg cm−2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-sulfur-loading-on-the-overall-cell-costs-36y3cmww.png Figure 6. Effect of sulfur loading on the overall cell costs for various polysulfide barriers (thickness 25 μm) and the C-interL made from the cheapest carbon considered (20 $ kg−1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simplified-schematic-of-prismatic-pouch-cell-3afmo2h3.png Figure 1. Simplified schematic of prismatic pouch-cell components assumed in the model (Adapted from Berg et al.25). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-cell-active-and-inactive-material-properties-and-2ct4ip09.png Table I. Cell active and inactive material properties and cost. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-barrier-material-properties-and-estimated-cost-1kehn0w6.png Table II. Barrier-material properties and estimated cost. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-the-barrier-cost-on-the-overall-cell-cost-3hr5d0lp.png Figure 4. Effect of the barrier cost on the overall cell cost at barrier thickness of 25 μm (sulfur loading 4 mg cm−2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-sulfur-loading-on-gravimetric-and-3ha8xylu.png Figure 5. Effect of sulfur loading on gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of cells with various polysulfide barriers (with a fixed thickness of 25 μm). https://scispace.com/papers/viability-of-existing-inl-facilities-for-dry-storage-cask-4rgwirctje 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fuel-handling-cave-3jse7huy.png Figure 7. Fuel-handling cave. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-cpp-603-facility-93du5pvv.png Figure 3. The CPP 603 facility. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-tn-40-storage-cask-b64uba42.png Figure 10. TN-40 storage cask https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-gns-castor-v-21-cask-15dopwbw.png Figure 9. GNS Castor V/21 cask. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gns-castor-v-21-dimensions-jaggznv0.png Table 3. GNS Castor V/21 dimensions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-possible-layout-of-a-gantry-crane-3vwcqmwi.png Figure 12. Possible layout of a gantry crane. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rea-2023-as-loaded-weight-g36taeuo.png Table 2. REA-2023 as loaded weight. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-aerial-view-of-the-central-facilities-area-showing-1hqquldn.png Figure 1. Aerial view of the Central Facilities Area, showing the rail yard that could be used to receive railcars carrying commercial dry storage casks. https://scispace.com/papers/vglut2-expression-in-dopamine-neurons-contributes-to-post-2jajcjn04q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-vglut2-expression-doubles-in-cultured-da-neurons-78v0wyb2.png Figure 1. Vglut2 expression doubles in cultured DA neurons after exposure to the neurotoxin MPP1. A, Schematic representation of the experimental setup used: Dat-Ires-Cre;tdTomato SN neurons were cultured in a 5 ml flask, received 2mM MPP1 at DIV11, and were purified using FACS at DIV14. B, No significant change in the number of tdTomato1 neurons was observed between control and MPP1 conditions (Student’s paired t test, n=3 cultures). C, A significant decrease of Th transcript (Student’s t test, p, 0.001, n=3) and a significant increase of Vglut2 expression was observed after MPP1 treatment (Student’s t test, p, 0.05, n=3). The dotted line represents untreated control expression. D, TH-GFP1 SN neurons were grown in a Petri dish and were collected with a glass pipette at DIV14, after 72 h of 2mM MPP1 treatment. E, SN neurons expressed on average 122 (631, n=23) copies of Th transcript at DIV14, and this decreased to 30 (67, n=12) copies after MPP1 treatment (Student’s t test, p, 0.05). F, Significantly fewer SN neurons expressed detectable levels of Th mRNA after MPP1 treatment (12 of 33), compared with control (23 of 35, Fisher’s exact test, p, 0.01). G, SN neurons contained on average 33 (66 copies, n=17) of Vglut2 transcript at DIV14, and this increased to 81 (611, n=21) copies after MPP1 treatment (Student’s t test, p, 0.001). H, I, Significantly more SN neurons expressed over 20 Vglut2 copies after MPP1 treatment (20 of 32) compared with control (10 of 35, Fisher’s exact test, p, 0.01). Using the 10-copy limit, we observed the same trend, which was not statistically significant (17 of 35 Vglut2 SN neurons in control vs 21 of 33 after MPP1 treatment). H, *p, 0.05, **p, 0.01, ***p, 0.001, ns, no significant difference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-proposed-model-of-vglut2-expression-postlesional-xojblne6.png Figure 6. Proposed model of Vglut2 expression postlesional plasticity in DA neurons. A, Schematic diagram of a model for the plasticity of VGluT2 expression in DA neurons. Vglut2 is expressed in all DA neurons during early embryonic development, after which it is downregulated during maturation, at which point it is expressed in only a minority of DA neurons. Based on our single-cell qPCR experiments, we observed that;50% of DA neurons maintain 10 copies of Vglut2 (green line). After a lesion,;50% of SN DA neurons may have the capacity to reactivate Vglut2 expression above threshold (green line), while the other half of SN DA neurons continue to repress Vglut2 expression (red line). B, In vitro studies revealed that VGluT2 is expressed in growth cones of primary DA neurons, which allows the release of glutamate, which in turn can stimulate glutamate receptors on DA neurons and promote axonal outgrowth. Overexpression of VGluT2 in DA neurons results in enhanced axonal arborization, which could potentially be because of enhanced glutamate release by DA neurons. C, Here we propose that enhanced VGluT2 expression by DA neurons in the postlesional brain could reactivate the autocrine release of glutamate that can contribute to the axonal outgrowth of DA neurons toward target cells in the striatum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-most-da-neurons-have-a-vglut2-expression-history-a-312beyvl.png Figure 2. Most DA neurons have a Vglut2 expression history. A, Schematic representation of the intersectional genetic approach used the following: mice expressing a Th-Flpo and VGluT2Cre conditional construct will express tdTomato only in cells that have expressed both Th and Vglut2 genes. B, C, A total of 98% of SN and VTA TH1 neurons colocalize with tdTomato. Only a small number of TH1 neurons are negative for tdTomato (yellow arrowhead). In the medial midbrain, tdTomato1 neurons are found that are no longer positive for TH (yellow arrow). Scale bar, 200mm. D, Brains taken from P1 VGluT2Cre1;ThFlp-;tdTomato or VGluT2Cre-;ThFlp1;tdTomato pups showed no tdTomato expression. Scale bar, 200mm. E, Fluorescence in situ hybridization reveals that Vglut2 expression overlaps with that of Th in the mesencephalon at E11.5. Scale bar, 100mm. F, TH-GFP1 neurons taken at E11.5 from the mesencephalon express abundant VGluT2 protein after 24 h in culture (DIV1), both in the soma and growth cone (white box). Scale bar, 10mm. G, Vglut2 transcript is still present in the mesencephalon at E14.5 and only partly overlaps with Th transcript in medial sections of the mesencephalon, but not in lateral sections. Scale bar, 25mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-striatal-re-innervation-by-da-neurons-after-a-2vbei7ab.png Figure 5. Striatal re-innervation by DA neurons after a partial lesion is perturbed in the absence of VGluT2. A, Schematic detailing of the surgery paradigm and hypothesis that fewer retrobead-positive DA neurons successfully established projections to the dorsal striatum in VGluT2cKO mice after a 6-OHDA lesion compared with wild-type control mice. Inset, Schematic representation of inclusion/exclusion criteria for Rb-tracing study. B, Immunohistochemistry for TH (white signal) reveals the presence of red-fluorescent retrobead-positive cells in the SN, which were typically positive (yellow arrowhead) or more rarely negative for TH-immunoreactivity (yellow arrow). Scale bar, 200mm. C, Unbiased stereological counting on sections stained for TH and Cresyl Violet confirmed the loss of SN TH-IR neurons but revealed no increased sensitivity of VGluT2-ablated SN neurons to 6-OHDA (treatment effect: F(1,24) = 6.41, p, 0.05, n= 5–7 animals/ condition). D, Fewer retrobead-positive neurons are observed in the mesencephalon of VGluT2cKO animals, after 6-OHDA lesion compared with saline controls (treatment effect: F(1,20) = 13.99, p, 0.01), n= 5–8 animals/condition. E, Fewer TH1/RB1 neurons are observed in the mesencephalon of VGluT2cKO animals, after 6-OHDA lesion compared with saline controls (treatment effect: F(1,20) = 14.92, p, 0.01), n= 5-8 animals/condition. F, Quantification of striatal DAB TH-IR in total lesion per brain confirmed a significant decrease of TH innervation in VGluT2cKO animals after 6-OHDA injections (treatment effect: F(1,24) =12.17, p, 0.01, n= 6–9). Tukey’s multiple-comparison test, *p, 0.05; **p, 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-unaltered-da-neuronal-development-in-the-absence-of-38utjoay.png Figure 3. Unaltered DA neuronal development in the absence of VGluT2, but regional striatal innervation deficit. A, Immunohistochemistry analysis against TH and DAPI in coronal slices of E18.5 VGluT2WT and constitutive VGluT2KO littermates reveals no macroscopic changes in the mesencephalic dopaminergic system. Scale bar, 100mm. B, Quantification of the number of TH1 neurons at E18.5 in the mesencephalon reveals no significant differences between VGluT2WT and VGluT2KO littermates. C, Immunohistochemistry analysis against TH and DAPI in coronal slices of E18.5 VGluT2WT and VGluT2KO littermates reveals no macroscopic changes in the striatum. Scale bar, 100mm. D, E, Quantification of TH-immunoreactivity in the striatum at E18.5 reveals a regional decrease in intensity in caudal, dorsal striatum (D: n=4 pups, p, 0.01, Student’s t test) but not in ventral striatum (E: n=4 pups, p. 0.05, Student’s t test). **p, 0.01. F–H, VMAT2 protein is present in the striatum at E18.5. Quantification of VMAT2-immunoreactivity in the ventral and dorsal striatum reveals no significant differences between VGluT2KO mice and their littermate controls (n = 4 pups, p. 0.05, Student’s t test). ns, no significant difference. Scale bar, 100mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-vglut2-promotes-axonal-growth-in-da-neurons-in-11tmylpz.png Figure 4. VGluT2 promotes axonal growth in DA neurons in vitro. A, TH-GFP1 mesencephalic neurons were cultured at P1 for 5 d (DIV5) and infected with VGluT2–Venus lentivirus or control Venus lentivirus. VGluT2 protein is detectable in VGluT2–Venus-infected neurons. B, Quantification of VGluT2 protein levels present in axons revealed a 50% increase in immunoreactivity (n= 53–54, p, 0.01, Student’s t test). C–F, Mesencephalic neurons overexpressing VGluT2–Venus display a larger axonal arborization and increased number of branches. C, D, GFP protein expression was used to visualize the general morphology of the cells. E, F, Traced examples of DA neurons, in which the axonal arbor is indicated in green and the dendritic arbor in yellow. The white circles provide visual aid to observe the relative size of the axonal arbor. G, Quantification of the axonal arbor reveals an enhanced arbor in neurons overexpressing VGluT2–Venus (n= 37–40 neurons, Student’s t test, p, 0.05). H, Branching analysis shows enhanced complexity in axonal arborization because of VGluT2–Venus overexpression (n= 37–40 neurons, Student’s t test, p, 0.01). I, Viral overexpression of VGluT2–Venus induces increased number of intersections of axons from DA neurons, compared with Venus control (two-way ANOVA on Scholl analysis, p, 0.05, F(1,3450) = 57.9). J, Viral overexpression of VGluT2–Venus did not change the number of intersections of dendrites from DA neurons, compared with Venus control (two-way ANOVA on Scholl analysis, p. 0.05). K, Overexpression of VGluT2–Venus did not alter the survival of purified TH-GFP1 SN DA neurons (Student’s t test, p. 0.05). L, Cultured DA neurons that were treated for 3 h with GDNF (3 nM) before being collected were significantly more likely to contain both Vglut2 and Th transcripts compared with DA neurons in untreated cultured (n= 40 cells, four cultures, Fisher’s exact test, p, 0.01). *p, 0.05, **p, 0.01, ns, no significant difference. https://scispace.com/papers/vibration-analysis-and-pull-in-instability-behavior-in-multi-123nusei2g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-effects-of-different-boundary-conditions-for-3pdecv4j.png Figure 3: The effects of different boundary conditions for fluid velocity on DNF of FC-MWPENS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notation-and-symbols-used-in-this-work-l96seltb.png Table 1: Notation and symbols used in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-effects-of-different-boundary-conditions-for-ot8gzvn9.png Figure 4: The effects of different boundary conditions for pull-in voltage on DNF of FC-MWPENS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-effects-of-surface-interface-lames-constants-li-3q9jvlh5.png Figure 5: The effects of surface/interface Lame’s constants λI,S for fluid velocity on DNF of SS FC-MWPENS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-effects-of-surface-interface-lames-constants-ui-1v2x9kvu.png Figure 8: The effects of surface/interface Lame’s constants µI,S for pull-in voltage on DNF of SS FC-MWPENS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-effects-of-surface-interface-lames-constants-li-1w2bkdkf.png Figure 6: The effects of surface/interface Lame’s constants λI,S for pull-in voltage on DNF of SS FC-MWPENS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-effects-of-surface-interface-lames-constants-ui-12s8uebw.png Figure 7: The effects of surface/interface Lame’s constants µI,S for fluid velocity on DNF of SS FC-MWPENS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-effects-of-surface-interface-residual-stress-1e9lrksn.png Figure 9: The effects of surface/interface residual stress for fluid velocity on DNF of SS FC-MWPENS. https://scispace.com/papers/vibration-analysis-of-a-circular-disc-backed-by-a-14vmtv35nr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-layout-of-instrumentation-and-transducer-1e0s9o5l.png Fig. 2 Layout of instrumentation and transducer https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-uncoupled-systems-43754m93.png Table 1 Characteristics of the uncoupled systems https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-system-under-investigation-3bnz5590.png Fig. 1 Schematic of the system under investigation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-f-707-5-hz-m-0-s-0-q-1-1i3bdra2.png Fig. 4 f ˆ 707:5 Hz (m ˆ 0; s ˆ 0; q ˆ 1) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-f-2274-hz-m-2-s-0-q-0-2n1bi3hj.png Fig. 8 f ˆ 2274 Hz (m ˆ 2; s ˆ 0; q ˆ 0) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-f-1388-hz-m-1-s-0-q-0-1xwamza5.png Fig. 6 f ˆ 1388 Hz (m ˆ 1; s ˆ 0; q ˆ 0) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-f-2027-hz-m-0-s-0-q-3-1r8qk9px.png Fig. 7 f ˆ 2027 Hz (m ˆ 0; s ˆ 0; q ˆ 3) https://scispace.com/papers/vibration-control-of-a-tunnel-boring-machine-using-adaptive-2c80tkm7i4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-displacement-response-of-excavating-hard-rock-a-1x0lirxh.png Figure 12. Displacement response of excavating hard rock (a) 2mm depth (b) 4mm depth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-frequency-dependent-i-2-5-a-a-10-mm-273mdfux.png Figure 7. Frequency dependent (I = 2.5 A, A = 10 mm) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-structure-of-mr-damper-2kqcnp14.png Figure 2. The structure of MR damper https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-force-data-of-excavating-hard-rock-22tiw5mo.png Table 4. Force data of excavating hard rock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-force-response-of-excavating-hard-rock-a-2mm-depth-2mc7o226.png Figure 14. Force response of excavating hard rock (a) 2mm depth (b) 4mm depth. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-the-electromagnetic-coil-f4nmjgfx.png Table 2. Parameters of the electromagnetic coil https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-magnetic-field-simulation-a-modelled-damper-and-b-1yfyaw9a.png Figure 3. Magnetic field simulation (a) modelled damper and (b) average flux through the MRF for varied currents https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-hardware-of-the-control-loop-14nlatrd.png Figure 8. Hardware of the control loop https://scispace.com/papers/vibration-analysis-of-hydrogen-deuterium-and-tritium-in-3670sb9427 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-representation-of-the-two-types-of-10gycmiv.png Figure 5. Schematic representation of the two types of isotope effects: ∆EH,I < 0 corresponding to the inverse effect (i-case) and ∆EH,I > 0 corresponding to the normal effect (n-case). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-calculated-band-diagrams-left-and-partial-phonon-2o7s1pve.png Figure 2. Calculated band diagrams (left) and partial phonon density of states (DOS) (right) of LiH, LiD, LiT (NaCl) represented by the solid lines, together with experimental data on LiD [18] represented by the symbols. The red and blue dashed lines correspond to the optical frequency peaks of the deuteride and tritide deduced from that of the hydride under the assumptions of the Einstein model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-representation-of-the-two-cases-e-mhy-vib-3hcz1mvo.png Figure 4. Schematic representation of the two cases: ∆E MHy vib < 0 corresponding to a stabilization (s-case) and ∆E MHy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-variations-of-gh-d-with-temperature-for-a-set-of-mi-247g5m53.png Figure 7. Variations of ∆GH,D with temperature for a set of MI compounds (a) and MI2 (b) calculated with harmonic phonon calculations for the crystals and by estimating the contribution of the molecules by the linear regression of the JANAF table data [17]. The experimental results on the nature of isotope effect, inverse (Inv), normal (Nor) or negligible (Neg), are indicated at the temperature ranges corresponding to the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-calculated-values-of-ei-d-with-i-h-t-represented-as-2nfjduf5.png Figure 6. Calculated values of ∆EI,D with I =H, T represented as a function of the calculated E MHy https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-calculated-present-study-and-experimental-optical-2kqfnlzf.png Table 2. Calculated (present study) and experimental optical frequency peak (THz) measured by scattering cross section of hydrogen (SCS), inelastic neutron scattering (INS) or Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The calculations are performed for ordered MHy compounds. When the experimental measurement corresponds to a non stoichiometric compound, the value of y is given. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-the-12-considered-crystal-structure-r9oj8ok5.png Table 1. List of the 12 considered crystal structure prototypes of MHy hydrides. P.S.: Pearson Symbol, S.G.:Space Group, Wyckoff Positions, I environment. Supercell details for the phonon calculations: number of displacements (Dl.), size and number of atoms given from the conventional description, or primitive one if indicated by a *. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-experimental-values-of-eh-dexp-compared-to-d0fv5mxa.png Table 4. Experimental values of ∆EH,Dexp compared to calculated one ∆E H,D calc at equivalent temperatures and the values computed at 0 K ∆EH,D0,calc. The values are given in kJ/mol. https://scispace.com/papers/vibration-modes-and-equivalent-models-for-flexible-rocking-19790yt8w4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-description-of-the-modal-components-of-3lucub83.png Figure 3 - Schematic description of the modal components of the multi-mass analytical model response during the rocking phase https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-modal-parameters-frequencies-and-mode-shapes-1szvclzd.png Figure 6 – Modal parameters (frequencies and mode shapes) calculated for the multi-mass and equivalent analytical models of model S1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-of-the-experimental-rocking-and-mid-1y0t7cin.png Figure 10 - Comparison of the experimental rocking and mid-height acceleration traces from two earthquake excitation tests with analytical simulations of multi-mass and equivalent models, considering different values of coefficient of restitution r . Specimen S1, subjected to repeated earthquake excitation tests (EC Test 1 in first two rows and EC Test 2 in last two rows), is examined. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparison-of-the-experimental-rocking-response-2lq2zomk.png Figure 11 - Comparison of the experimental rocking response spectra to the corresponding spectra simulated by equivalent models. Specimens S1 (top left), S2 (top right) and S3 (bottom) subjected to earthquake excitation tests of varying amplitude scale scA are examined. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-description-of-the-equivalent-model-with-fuqx6o1w.png Figure 4 - Schematic description of the equivalent model, with the coupled rocking and first vibration mode components during full contact and rocking phase (left and middle) and the uncoupled vibration mode components (right) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-for-the-multi-mass-and-equivalent-models-2koei3s2.png Table 1 – Parameters for the multi-mass and equivalent models of the experimental specimens. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-multi-mass-analytical-model-during-1mkvsbog.png Figure 1 - Schematic of the multi-mass analytical model during the full contact (top left) and rocking (top right) phases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-experimental-rocking-left-and-mid-1xe18gcz.png Figure 8 - Comparison of experimental rocking (left) and mid-height acceleration traces (right) with analytical simulations of multi-mass and equivalent models, considering different values of ground motion scaling factor . Specimen S1 subjected to pulse excitation tests is examined. https://scispace.com/papers/vibration-of-cracked-functionally-graded-microplates-by-the-5dvk67krhg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-the-first-four-mode-shapes-of-clamped-free-a-al-2pk7xyiq.png Figure 18: The first four mode shapes of clamped-free a Al/Al2O3 half annular plate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-normalised-natural-frequencies-of-ssss-al-al2o3-205uconf.png Table 1: Normalised natural frequencies of SSSS Al/Al2O3 square plates with an edge crack https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-geometry-of-circular-and-annular-plates-with-1g9594te.png Figure 13: Geometry of circular and annular plates with center cracks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sub-triangles-for-element-cut-by-crack-path-and-tip-2cd8uwby.png Figure 1: Sub-triangles for element cut by crack path and tip element. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effects-of-material-length-scale-ratio-h-on-the-1lrcjydf.png Figure 5: Effects of material length scale ratio `/h on the natural frequencies of SSSS Al/Al2O3 square plates with an edge crack (a/h = 100, c/a = 0.5, n = 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-geometry-of-square-plates-with-cracks-qucaygw2.png Figure 4: Geometry of square plates with cracks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-effects-of-material-length-scale-ratio-h-on-the-28pkw39d.png Figure 14: Effects of material length scale ratio `/h on the natural frequencies of simply-supported Al/Al2O3 circular plates with center crack, (h/R = 0.05, c/R = 1, n = 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-effects-of-center-crack-ratio-c-a-and-material-3hkx49g2.png Figure 9: Effects of center crack ratio c/a and material length scale ratio `/h on the frequencies of SSSS Al/Al2O3 square plates with center crack, (a/h = 20, n = 1). https://scispace.com/papers/vibrational-analysis-of-carbon-nanotube-based-nanomechanical-4eihz3b591 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-calculated-vibrational-frequencies-in-ghz-for-the-1j15gskj.png Table 5: Calculated vibrational frequencies (in GHz) for the shuttle nanoresonator. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-for-the-murrell-mottram-potential-with-3jr4qa8g.png Table 1: Parameters for the Murrell-Mottram potential with dispersion for carbon. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-calculated-vibrational-frequencies-in-ghz-for-the-2qb475f6.png Table 3: Calculated vibrational frequencies (in GHz) for the cantilever nanoresonator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-illustration-of-the-key-vibrational-modes-for-the-twz7cbjg.png Figure 4: Illustration of the key vibrational modes for the bridged resonator. The amplitudes of the vibrations have been amplified to allow for the motion to be distinguished more clearly. The long axis of the nanotube lies in the z direction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-the-key-vibrational-modes-for-the-24gk10j0.png Figure 2: Illustration of the key vibrational modes for the cantilever resonator. The amplitudes of the vibrations have been amplified to allow for the motion to be distinguished more clearly. The long axis of the nanotube lies in the z direction https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-calculated-vibrational-frequencies-in-ghz-for-the-u78oh7dp.png Table 4: Calculated vibrational frequencies (in GHz) for the bridged nanoresonator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagrams-of-the-nanomechanical-resonators-2wbiswzx.png Figure 1: Schematic diagrams of the nanomechanical resonators studied. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dimensions-of-the-nanotubes-studied-2jrycv5z.png Table 2: Dimensions of the nanotubes studied. https://scispace.com/papers/vibrational-band-structure-of-nanoscale-phononic-crystals-2cdk26tlcy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-colour-online-modes-of-the-longitudinal-acoustic-cnfs10u2.png Figure 4 (Colour online) Modes of the longitudinal acoustic branch along Γ -M of the finite element model. q = 2π√ 3a (q, 0). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-phononic-crystal-used-in-the-simulations-3vm5n62u.png Figure 1 Model phononic crystal used in the simulations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-colour-online-modes-of-the-lowest-acoustic-branch-1t21lo5v.png Figure 5 (Colour online) Modes of the lowest acoustic branch along Γ -K of the finite element model. q = 4π 3a (0, q). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-colour-online-structure-of-the-third-a-eighth-b-and-1lxdl0nh.png Figure 6 (Colour online) Structure of the third (a), eighth (b) and ninth (e) lowest vibrational mode of the finite model at q = 2π√ 3a ( 2 3 , 0). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-colour-online-phonon-band-structure-of-model-jmcjymqk.png Figure 2 (Colour online) Phonon band structure of model phononic crystals. (a) Data obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. Circles represent the calculated data points. Lines are only a guide to the eye. Full circles and solid lines show data for in-plane modes whereas open circles and dashed lines belong to out-of-plane (flex) modes. (b) Results of finite element calculations of a two-dimensional linear elasticity model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-colour-online-modes-of-the-transverse-acoustic-3ges8p6g.png Figure 3 (Colour online) Modes of the transverse acoustic branch along Γ -M of the finite element model. q = 2π√ 3a (q, 0) https://scispace.com/papers/vibrational-fingerprint-of-the-absorption-properties-of-uio-4jcpujwxx6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-vertical-excitation-energies-of-the-organic-linkers-2batw92x.png Table 1 Vertical excitation energies of the organic linkers computed using TD-DFT (B3LYP/6−311+G(d,p)) on geometries obtained using a static calculation (‘static’) or from an MD run (‘dynamic’). Additionally, the shift between the dynamic and static values are included for further reference. All values are in nm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-the-uio-66-porous-framework-a-uio-66-3w2ohpne.png Fig. 1 Structure of the UiO-66 porous framework: a UiO-66 shown along the a-axis, the primitive unit cell is explicitly indicated. b Building units: an inorganic Zr6O4(OH)4 unit and an organic BDC linker. Atoms are colored as follows: C: gray/black; O: red; H: white; Zr: light blue https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-the-excitation-spectra-calculated-on-the-275gbrnu.png Fig. 4 Comparison of the excitation spectra calculated on the linkers extracted from the periodic frameworks using static (full curves) and dynamic (dotted curves) methodologies. The intensities are expressed in L/mol cm. The wavelength values of the peaks are indicated in Table 1: static (‘periodic/ static’) and dynamic (‘periodic/ dynamic’) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-computed-vps-using-md-on-the-periodic-uios-a-detail-of-16708alp.png Fig. 8 Computed VPS using MD on the periodic UiOs. a Detail of the stretching region of the VPS of all functionalized UiO-66 frameworks. b Detailed O–H stretching region of the UiO-66-2,5OH MOF and BDC2,5OH linker https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representation-of-linkers-studied-in-this-work-when-x-8g6mmk59.png Fig. 2 Representation of linkers studied in this work. When X=H, the materials are called UiO-66 and UiO-67 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-periodic-structure-of-the-uio-67-porous-framework-17cyn47w.png Fig. 6 a Periodic structure of the UiO-67 porous framework (using the same color code as Fig. 1). b Detailed view on the BPDC linker anchored at the inorganic Zr-O units. Dihedrals α and β represent the torsional angle between the two aromatic rings and the dihedral angle between a phenylic and carboxylic part, respectively. c Relative occurrence of the dihedral angles α and β as calculated form the MD simulations using the fully periodic UiO-67 (in blue) and UiO-67-NH2 (in green) frameworks. Full curves obtained from gas phase MD and dotted curves from periodic MD simulations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-representation-of-the-computational-analysis-2273xh3m.png Fig. 3 Schematic representation of the computational analysis tool based on VPS and ǫPS. a Comparison of VPS with ǫPS and ǫPS with a scaling of the frequency axis of 1/2 allows to identify linearly or quadratically active modes. b The linearly active coordinate does not lead to a shift between the dynamic average 〈ǫ〉dyn and static ǫstat excitation energy. c The quadratically active coordinate leads to a shift between the dynamic average 〈ǫ〉dyn and static ǫstat excitation energy https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-assignment-table-of-linear-and-quadratic-pca-modes-2p6r19g9.png Table 2 Assignment table of linear and quadratic PCA modes (Qi) for the UiO-66 material, using the periodic AIMD data https://scispace.com/papers/vibrational-mode-assignment-of-finite-temperature-infrared-4h16p4m7px 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-amide-ii-mode-of-n-methyl-acetamide-1551-cm-1-in-white-1gfjwu42.png Fig. 3 Amide II mode of N-methyl-acetamide (1551 cm 1): in white, normal mode from static calculation and in red, from DMD simulation (10000 steps, 0.1 fs by step, l = 10 6 Hartree Bohr 1, filter = 5 cm 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-experimental72-and-dacf-spectra-of-faa-in-the-1100-2rathwlh.png Fig. 9 Experimental72 and DACF spectra of FAa in the 1100–1800 cm 1 range at 50 and 200 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-assignments-from-dmd-calculation-for-1599-cm-1-normal-1ltljthu.png Fig. 11 Assignments from DMD calculation for 1599 cm 1 normal mode defined as CH3 umbrella and NH2 bending (left) and 1465 cm 1 (right) normal mode for C–H bend contributions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-assignments-from-static-left-orange-arrows-and-from-1fk5c3xv.png Fig. 10 Assignments from static (left, orange arrows) and from DMD calculations (right, red arrows) for 1649 cm 1 normal mode defined as symmetric combination of NH2 bending and CQOAla stretching. https://scispace.com/papers/vibrational-spectroscopy-and-thermophysical-properties-of-1044vqyjsp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-curve-fitting-result-for-the-ch-stretching-region-29jb67sk.png Figure 4. (a) Curve-fitting result for the CH stretching region of the ULSD spectrum: (black curve) original spectrum; (red) fitted spectrum; (blue) CH2 groups; (green) CH3; (gray) CH; (magenta) aromatic CH. Band assignments are discussed in the text. (b) Positions for band 1 (labeled) in spectra of samples 1−5 and 21. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scores-plot-using-the-first-two-principal-3h79r8p9.png Figure 5. Scores plot using the first two principal components for the Raman spectra. Regions indicate fuel sets: A (samples 1−5); B (samples 11−15 and 16−20); C (samples 6−10). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-fingerprint-region-of-raman-spectra-for-samples-5-3ng5up5z.png Figure 6. Fingerprint region of Raman spectra for samples 5, 10, 15, 20, and 21; (top) PC1; (middle) PC2; (bottom) spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ch-stretching-region-of-raman-spectra-for-samples-5-19lywm99.png Figure 7. CH stretching region of Raman spectra for samples 5, 10, 15, 20, and 21: (top) PC1; (middle) PC2; (bottom) baseline-linearized spectra. Dashed lines demarcate vibration types: 2780−2859 cm−1, CH2 symmetric; 2859−2885 cm −1, CH3 symmetric; 2885−2908 cm −1, CH; 2908−2949 cm−1, CH2 asymmetric; 2949−3010 cm −1, CH3 asymmetric; 3010−3100 cm−1, aromatic CH. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-actual-and-predicted-values-for-d-dn-dt-and-r-based-2678ixfm.png Table 6. Actual and Predicted Values for D, −dn/dT, and ρ Based on NIR Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-properties-of-the-ulsd-fuel-and-alternative-2m30zkts.png Table 1. Selected Properties of the ULSD Fuel and Alternative Fuel (AF) Blending Components https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sample-composition-and-numbering-1xzqtq72.png Table 2. Sample Composition and Numbering https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experimental-values-for-thermo-optic-coefficient-dn-3gm4ru3d.png Table 3. Experimental Values for Thermo-Optic Coefficient (−dn/dT), Thermal Diffusivity (D), and Density (ρ). https://scispace.com/papers/vibrational-mode-multiplexing-of-ultracold-atoms-4503zqcn2i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-fidelities-with-respect-to-the-final-2po4cur0.png FIG. 5 (color online). Fidelities with respect to the final ground state starting at the ground state (a) and with respect to the final first excited state starting at the excited state (b) versus final time tf, via shortcuts (F inv g and F inv e , blue circles), or linear ramping of V0ðtÞ (Fling and Fline , red triangles). The fidelity is computed at 2 ms less than the nominal tf. Other parameters as in Figs. 2–4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-lattice-height-v0-and-trap-frequency-d2-th-using-2afwpr6u.png FIG. 3. Lattice height V0, and trap frequency !=ð2 Þ using invariant-based engineering and mapping. x ¼ 200 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-population-inversion-using-trap-deformations-in-three-494he0xx.png FIG. 1. Population inversion using trap deformations in three steps: demultiplexing, bias inversion, and multiplexing. https://scispace.com/papers/vibrational-study-of-the-cs2h2o-cs2-h2o-2-and-cs2-2h2o-55s2cyum4b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spectra-in-the-100-250-cm-1-region-at-3-k-deposition-29w4z11m.png Fig. 1. Spectra in the 100-250 cm -1 region at 3 K deposition, with different CS2/H2O/Ne concentration ratios. (a) 0/0.5/1000, (b) 20/0.1/1000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-observed-frequencies-cm-1-and-assignments-in-2jcu23u9.png Table 2 Observed frequencies (cm -1 ) and assignments in different CS2 regions of (CS2)n-(H2O)m complexes isolated in solid neon. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-spectra-in-the-cs2-stretching-n3-region-at-3-k-11clsct1.png Fig. 8. Spectra in the CS2 stretching ν3 region at 3 K deposition, with different CS2/H2O/Ne concentration ratios. (a) 0.4/0/1000, (b) 0.4/1/1000, (c) 0.4/3/1000. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-spectra-in-the-cs2-stretching-n1-region-at-3-k-ffe6ppb2.png Fig. 7. Spectra in the CS2 stretching ν1 region at 3 K deposition, with different CS2/H2O/Ne concentration ratios. (a) 10/0/1000, (b) 10/5/1000, (c) 10/10/1000, (d) 20/5/1000. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observed-frequencies-cm-1-and-assignments-in-3o00ajp4.png Table 1 Observed frequencies (cm -1 ) and assignments in intermolecular region and different H2O regions of (CS2)n-(H2O)m complexes isolated in solid neon. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-spectra-in-the-cs2-bending-n2-region-at-3-k-deposition-2c9jnyye.png Fig. 6. Spectra in the CS2 bending ν2 region at 3 K deposition, with different CS2/H2O/Ne concentration ratios. (a) 10/5/1000, (b) 10/10/1000, (c) 10/0/1000. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-frequencies-cm-1-and-shifts-dn-nmono-13dbpiqs.png Table 3 Comparison of frequencies (cm -1 ) and shifts (Δν=νmono-νcomplex) between observed and calculated data for the A and B isomers of the 1:1 complex. The intensities are in parenthesis. a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spectra-in-the-h2o-bending-n2-region-at-3-k-deposition-10083wkc.png Fig. 2. Spectra in the H2O bending ν2 region at 3 K deposition, with different CS2/H2O/Ne concentration ratios. (a) 0/1/1000, (b) 0.4/0.01/1000, (c) 10/0.02/1000, (d) annealing at 12 K of (b). https://scispace.com/papers/vibrational-spectroscopy-of-deprotonated-peptides-containing-whzecsg83h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-irmpd-experimental-spectrum-for-dg-is-13zcmyl3.png Figure 5: The IRMPD experimental spectrum for DG is represented in black and superimposed with the IR absorption spectra (in green and red) computed for the DG-1 and DG-2 structures (right part), respectively. Relative free energies at 0/298 K in kJ.mol-1 are provided in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-irmpd-spectra-of-the-deprotonated-peptides-in-the-2qgs4goi.png Figure 1: IRMPD spectra of the deprotonated peptides in the 1150-1850 cm-1 range, recorded at room temperature at the CLIO facility (Orsay, France). The coloured boxes are visual guides to define the main frequency ranges discussed in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-irmpd-experimental-spectrum-for-eg-is-17n0w30w.png Figure 6: The IRMPD experimental spectrum for EG is represented in black and superimposed with the IR absorption spectrum (in green) computed for the EG-1 structure (right part). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-irmpd-experimental-spectrum-for-dgg-is-21n36g62.png Figure 7: The IRMPD experimental spectrum for DGG is represented in black and superimposed with the IR absorption spectra (in green and red) computed for the DGG-1 and DGG-2 structures (right part), respectively. Relative free energies at 0/298 K in kJ.mol-1 are provided in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-irmpd-experimental-spectrum-for-ge-is-1kk5vqg7.png Figure 3: The IRMPD experimental spectrum for GE is represented in black and superimposed with the IR absorption spectrum (in green) computed for the GE-1 structure (right part). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-irmpd-experimental-spectrum-for-ggd-is-3bxk7nbe.png Figure 4: The IRMPD experimental spectrum for GGD is represented in black and superimposed with the IR absorption spectra (in green and red) computed for the GGD-1 and GGD-2 structures (right part), respectively. Relative free energies at 0/298 K in kJ.mol-1 are provided in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-irmpd-experimental-spectrum-for-gd-is-295px2ug.png Figure 2: The IRMPD experimental spectrum for GD is represented in black and superimposed with the IR absorption spectrum (in green) computed for the GD-1 structure (right part). https://scispace.com/papers/vibratory-noise-in-anthropogenic-habitats-and-its-effect-on-we1u7ijd16 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-field-vibratory-noise-amplitude-on-artificial-and-3git58dc.png Figure 2. Field vibratory noise amplitude on artificial and natural substrates. Data were pooled across the three noise categories. N ¼ 339 and 122 for natural and artificial category, respectively. Boxes show median and interquartile range. The whiskers indicate distance from the box that equals to 1.5 IQR, and open circles indicate data points that are more than 2 IQR away from the median. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-set-up-noise-was-monitored-using-a-hadk6a1a.png Figure 1. Experimental set-up. Noise was monitored using a laser vibrometer (PDV) 8 cm away from the centre of either one of the surface transducers. Two different computers were used to monitor and adjust noise output. A high-resolution camera was placed perpendicular to the web plane (70 cm away) and focused on the spider for video recording (not shown). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-lmms-testing-the-effects-of-noise-level-2bw5ph2u.png Table 2 Results of LMMs testing the effects of noise level on response thresholds of A. diadematus https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-detection-thresholds-mean-th-se-of-a-diadematus-to-247dwtkb.png Figure 4. Detection thresholds (mean þ SE) of A. diadematus to (a) 30 Hz a https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-lmms-testing-the-effects-of-substrate-2vtesoia.png Table 1 Results of LMMs testing the effects of substrate category, habitat type and time slot on field vibratory noises https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-field-vibratory-noise-amplitude-mean-th-se-3mksodvx.png Figure 3. Field vibratory noise amplitude (mean þ SE). Differences between natural and art (d) Temporal patterns of background (dark grey) and anthropogenic (light grey) noise amplit lowercase letters. yP < 0.1; *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001. https://scispace.com/papers/vibrotactile-feedback-in-steering-wheel-reduces-navigation-dgiph4qz3t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-task-completion-time-versus-the-number-of-2cv8exfe.png Figure 4. The task completion time versus the number of navigation errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-average-number-of-navigation-errors-under-2jvio1du.png Figure 3. The average number of navigation errors under auditory and auditory-haptic feedback conditions for the first and second sessions. The bars represent the standard deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-the-number-of-navigation-errors-for-each-subject-1uqjj7se.png Figure 2. a) The number of navigation errors for each subject under auditory and auditory-haptic feedback conditions, b) the average of all subjects. The bars represent the standard deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-our-driving-simulator-2-vibration-motors-are-1id3uk8r.png Figure 1. Our driving simulator: 2 vibration motors are mounted onto the steering wheel of the simulator to display vibrotactile stimulus to the user for navigational guidance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-grouping-of-the-subjects-in-our-experiment-3voap8wg.png Table 2. Grouping of the subjects in our experiment https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-auditory-noise-levels-in-our-driving-simulator-1e20flwc.png Table 3. Auditory noise levels in our driving simulator https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-results-of-the-questionnaire-for-auditory-and-2onxb7s0.png Figure 5. The results of the questionnaire for auditory and auditoryhaptic conditions. The bars represent the standard deviations. https://scispace.com/papers/vibronic-activity-in-trans-trans-1-3-5-7-octatetraene-the-s0-ned9x69qt8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-calculated-relative-intensities-of-thebu-false-3n3rc7v7.png TABLE II. Calculated relative intensities of thebu false origins of theS0→S1 spectrum of all-trans octatetraene~S0 modes, see the text!. https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-comparison-of-the-intensity-of-then48-bu-false-2klj1occ.png TABLE X. Comparison of the intensity of then48(bu) false origin in the S0→S1 spectrum of all-trans octatetraene and the intensity of theS0→S1 vibrationless transition ofcis–transoctatetraene. Description of the various calculations can be found in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-duschinsky-matrix-for-thebu-modes-in-the-1-1ag-and-1amhswoe.png TABLE III. Duschinsky matrix for thebu modes in the 1 1Ag and 2 1Ag states of all-transoctatetraene. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-duschinsky-matrix-for-thebg-modes-in-the-1-1ag-and-3kkxivyu.png TABLE IX. Duschinsky matrix for thebg modes in the 1 1Ag and 2 1Ag states of all-transoctatetraene. https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-duschinsky-matrix-for-theau-modes-in-the-1-1ag-2ocg6xgl.png TABLE VIII. Duschinsky matrix for theau modes in the 1 1Ag and 2 1Ag states of all-transoctatetraene. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-calculated-relative-intensities-of-thebu-false-3qc3gu6y.png TABLE IV. Calculated relative intensities of thebu false origins of theS0→S1 spectrum ofall-trans octatetraene~the calculations account for the Duschinsky effect, see the text!. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-calculated-relative-intensities-of-the-totally-4rvo9gu2.png TABLE V. Calculated relative intensities of the totally symmetric progressions of theS0→S1 spectrum of all-transoctatetraene. The reported experimental values are based on the progressions of then48 false origin. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-duschinsky-matrix-for-theag-modes-in-the-1-1ag-and-14uzgbiy.png TABLE VI. Duschinsky matrix for theag modes in the 1 1Ag and 2 1Ag states of all-transoctatetraene. https://scispace.com/papers/vicarious-learning-of-children-s-social-anxiety-related-fear-4pjv63d1od 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-and-se-stroop-rts-ms-for-the-three-word-types-3kcf0lnk.png Figure 2. Mean (and SE) Stroop RTs (ms) for the three word types following negative and neutral films https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-and-se-social-fear-beliefs-before-and-after-7d3nqg9g.png Figure 1. Mean (and SE) social fear beliefs before and after negative and neutral films https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-rts-ms-for-neutral-and-social-words-by-level-fytm7igi.png Figure 3. Mean RTs (ms) for neutral and social words by level of social fear beliefs (low, mid, or high) following vicarious learning https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-hierarchical-regression-analysis-to-2v9zvf8x.png Table 2 Results of hierarchical regression analysis to investigate moderation of the relationship between film and neutral RTs by post-vicarious learning social fear belief scores https://scispace.com/papers/video-based-raindrop-detection-for-improved-image-3ozavn85jq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-raindrop-model-and-image-restoration-a-shows-a-3rz9cx2w.png Figure 1. Raindrop model and image restoration. (a) shows a typical raindrop’s appearance on the windshield. Modeling the refraction of light rays (b) allows for precisely detecting raindrops (c). After registering consecutive frames, occluded areas can be restored using the intensity from neighboring image frames (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-refraction-model-light-ray-tracing-allows-for-zv9ayjjl.png Figure 3. Refraction model. Light ray tracing allows for accurate reconstruction of raindrops on transparent surfaces from background scene information. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flowchart-of-raindrop-detection-with-rigsec-n0gfyd3f.png Figure 2. Flowchart of raindrop detection with RIGSEC. Artificial raindrop patterns are compared to potential raindrops using intensity-based correlation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-quantitative-raindrop-detection-and-image-5n2wis4z.png Figure 10. Quantitative raindrop detection and image registration results. (a) shows the raindrop ground truth with TP and FP rate of two detectors over time. (b) shows the results of (a) transformed to Precision-Recall space to permit a better comparison. (c) illustrates the performance of raindrop detection algorithms. A combination of BLUR+RIGSEC leads to a precision up to 0.8 at good recall rates of ∼ 0.67. (d) and (e) show the translational and rotational registration error over the percentage of occluded road area for the proposed methods. Image registration accuracy can be significantly improved by considering the raindrop detection results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-qualitative-raindrop-detection-results-this-figure-2haml693.png Figure 9. Qualitative raindrop detection results. This figure shows our raindrop detection results for the different methods (columns) and two test images (rows). True positives are marked in green, false positives in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-optical-path-for-out-of-focus-imaging-objects-that-1cqpq02v.png Figure 4.Optical path for out-of-focus imaging. Objects that are out-of-focus are imaged blurred. If the camera is focusing point A, point B is imaged onto a disc with diameter in the image plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-computing-out-of-focus-blur-the-distance-of-3k3j4bpw.png Figure 5.Computing out-of-focus blur. The distance of raindrops to the camera is dependent from their position on the windshield (a). This leads to an out-of-focus blur map where each image pixel is mapped to its corresponding unsharp diameter (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-artificial-raindrop-generation-a-all-pixels-of-a-3sfnbhsg.png Figure 6. Artificial raindrop generation. (a) all pixels of a raindrop at a specified location and scale (red circle) are projected to the environment by our raindrop model (green dots). In (b) the original raindrop is shown, while (c) depicts our reconstruction using all points from (a) and photometric constraints. The result of applying out-of-focus blur to our reconstruction is shown in (d). https://scispace.com/papers/video-mediated-physics-instruction-from-preservice-teachers-3lxydcnzer 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-of-responses-to-the-closed-likert-scale-2zn04pey.png Fig. 1 Distribution of responses to the closed Likert-scale questions. The table shows the number of responses in each category (n=130). The distribution of responses in percentages is shown in the diagram. https://scispace.com/papers/video-based-rodent-activity-measurement-using-near-infrared-26qm9k32ov 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dark-condition-illumination-results-beam-break-output-22ttur5c.png Fig. 4. “dark” condition illumination results – beam-break output indicated by gray lines, video tracker output by black crosses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-maximum-spectral-output-of-led-arrays-at-test-height-1rqmoxi3.png Fig. 3. Maximum spectral output of LED arrays at test height ( ~50 cm). The x axis represents light wavelength (350-1025 nm) ,and the y axis is a relative intensity measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-activity-monitoring-system-for-rodents-to8jfu4m.png Fig. 1. Activity Monitoring System for Rodents https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-activity-monitor-beam-output-for-dark-condition-t8faqpny.png Fig. 5. Activity Monitor beam output for “dark” condition https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-video-output-of-our-system-for-dark-condition-11h7jw7c.png Fig. 6. Video output of our system for “dark” condition https://scispace.com/papers/video-games-and-electronic-media-595pocazdr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-this-one-works-caption-follows-baby-pressing-one-1n6ck2hz.png Figure 1. “This One Works” caption follows baby pressing one finger on an iPad to open https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-youtube-comments-and-discourse-3ks0pawr.png Table 1. YouTube Comments and Discourse https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-yet-my-finger-does-work-caption-follows-baby-1hke432g.png Figure 3. “Yet My Finger Does Work” caption follows baby pressing one finger on own knee https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-useless-caption-follows-baby-pressing-down-on-print-1k5ihtuw.png Figure 2. “Useless” caption follows baby pressing down on print on fashion magazine https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-final-caption-2uxd9juh.png Figure 4. Final caption https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-illustrates-how-ive-adapted-an-activity-system-as-26hvrz4w.png Figure 4.5 illustrates how I’ve adapted an activity system as a map for analyzing the interaction among key elements in a particular mediated action: the top triangle represents the real-time site of engagement, a moment that focuses on some whodoing-what-with-which-materials in order to make a meaningful artifact. In the model, mediated discourse analysis expands the focus from examination of this here-andnow moment to consider three simultaneously social, ideological, and material forces: 1) practices and their social histories/possibilities, 2) discourses and identities, and 3) use of and access to artifacts and their material trajectories. Each of the smaller triangles along the bottom of the model provides an entry point for examining practices, discourses, or artifacts to analyze the site of engagement and trace the circumferences of the focal mediated action. https://scispace.com/papers/video-game-playing-and-beliefs-about-masculinity-among-male-11muf46zbs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hierarchical-regression-analysis-predicting-3kvr3pxt.png Table 2. Hierarchical regression analysis predicting endorsement of “traditional” masculine gender norms as measured by the MRNI-R weighted average. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-hierarchical-regression-analysis-showing-predictors-15gq9gaz.png Table 4. Hierarchical regression analysis showing predictors of endorsement of the Dominance component of the MRNI-R. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hierarchical-regression-analysis-showing-predictors-fyzsxvks.png Table 3. Hierarchical regression analysis showing predictors of endorsement of the Aggression and Dominance component of the ADMI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-hierarchical-regression-analysis-showing-predictors-37ky83a2.png Table 5. Hierarchical regression analysis showing predictors of endorsement of the Toughness component of the MRNI-R. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-hierarchical-regression-analysis-showing-predictors-w45mzmfc.png Table 6. Hierarchical regression analysis showing predictors of endorsement of the Restrictive Emotionality component of the MRNIR. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pearsons-correlation-coefficients-for-overall-amount-33inhxu3.png Table 1. Pearson’s correlation coefficients for overall amount of time spent playing video games, time spent with self-described violent games, and endorsement of “traditional” masculine gender role norms. Variables Correlations https://scispace.com/papers/video-semantic-content-analysis-framework-based-on-ontology-3bd51hxp71 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-definitions-of-mpeg-7-color-descriptor-in-video-jcxf9bm5.png Fig. 3. Definitions of MPEG-7 Color Descriptor in Video Analysis Ontology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-classes-and-properties-in-video-analysis-ontology-20p41dv0.png Fig. 2. Classes and Properties in Video Analysis Ontology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-framework-for-video-semantic-content-analysis-based-on-2oaprsma.png Fig. 1. Framework for Video Semantic Content Analysis based on Ontology https://scispace.com/papers/video-surveillance-using-a-multi-camera-tracking-and-fusion-26nfuu4c9a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-block-diagram-of-data-fusion-process-3c83agoh.png Figure 6: Block diagram of data fusion process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-selecting-matching-features-in-this-corresponding-32szgn5c.png Figure 3: Selecting matching features. In this corresponding pair of map (left) and view (right), it is much easier to find matching lines than points. Matching features are represented by the same color. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-of-typical-ivs-system-289coznk.png Figure 1: Flow-chart of typical IVS system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-camera-calibration-block-diagram-u93s10ce.png Figure 4: Camera calibration block diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cross-camera-fusion-system-diagram-10q9dcn7.png Figure 2: Cross-camera fusion system diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-wide-area-surveillance-by-daisy-chaining-cameras-sb5oiqv7.png Figure 7: Wide area surveillance by daisy-chaining cameras (red cones) around the perimeter of the protected facility https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-adjusting-control-points-234tfbgk.png Figure 5: Adjusting control points https://scispace.com/papers/video-synthesis-from-intensity-and-event-frames-4uw3hl6u6o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-starting-from-the-left-we-report-the-percentage-of-mo0rizjq.png Table 2. Starting from the left, we report the percentage of pixels under three different thresholds, the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), and the Structural Similarity (SSIM) indexes, computed on the synthesized frames of DDD17. Higher is better. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-samples-from-the-ddd17-dataset-the-first-row-contains-2r3mr2c9.png Fig. 1. Samples from the DDD17 dataset. The first row contains the intensity grayscale images while the second one contains the event frames. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-samples-of-synthesized-frames-produced-by-our-method-i6wrlnfz.png Fig. 3. Samples of synthesized frames produced by our method (last column) and the one of Scheerlinck et al. [26] (second column), while the first column contains ground truth images. As shown, the proposed method produces less artefacts, in the form of black or white spots, maintaining a good level of details, and it is able to preserve the overall structure and appearance of the original scene. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overview-of-the-proposed-method-the-input-of-the-3fng4p29.png Fig. 2. Overview of the proposed method. The input of the encoder-decoder architecture is represented by the stack of an intensity and an event frame, while the output is the predicted intensity frame. During inference, the output at each step is used as the input intensity image in the following step. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pixel-wise-metrics-lower-is-better-computed-on-the-la0vhn6h.png Table 1. Pixel-wise metrics (lower is better) computed on the synthesized frames of DDD17. https://scispace.com/papers/video-test-collection-with-graded-relevance-assessments-1bxinr3do3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-video-duration-classification-sample-mean-and-sample-1utc2t9p.png Table 4: Video duration classification, sample mean and sample standard deviation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scatter-plot-of-video-duration-against-judgement-1cdov9qs.png Figure 3: Scatter plot of video duration against judgement time per participant across all topics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-duration-for-all-videos-in-each-topic-1fsy1z0u.png Table 3: Average duration for all videos in each topic https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-choice-of-relevance-assessment-per-topic-2nlhnzsl.png Table 2: Choice of relevance assessment per topic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-agreement-between-reviewers-table-1-the-number-of-289pmd40.png Figure 2: Agreement between reviewers Table 1 the number of responses given for each of the topics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-of-metadata-provided-for-each-video-37uhe5xu.png Table 1: Example of metadata provided for each video. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tag-cloud-describing-metadata-from-roundabout-27iwae9k.png Figure 1: Tag cloud describing metadata from Roundabout Collection. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-responses-for-post-judgement-questionnaires-4qew021y.png Table 5: Average responses for post judgement questionnaires. All on a 7 point Likert scale. Higher=better. https://scispace.com/papers/viewing-angle-and-environment-effects-in-grb-sources-of-c4tmknb47z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prtphc3g.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ab2udsqv.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/papers/view-dependent-multiscale-fluid-simulation-2u8vf523f0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-quadric-koch-curve-2qy0373y.png Fig. 4. Quadric Koch Curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-energy-distribution-of-the-lowest-5-frequency-3czs9s3d.png Fig. 5. Energy distribution of the lowest 5 frequency components. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-decomposition-comparison-of-a-2d-fluid-velocity-field-1pw4rl67.png Fig. 3. Decomposition comparison of a 2D fluid velocity field. The top row shows Fourier decomposition, and the bottom row shows the EMD result. (a)-(d) are the 1st, 3rd, 4th, and 5th components from low frequency to high frequency. The EMD and Fourier results are obtained with the same sampling resolution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulation-parameters-and-performance-1ol2l104.png TABLE 1 Simulation parameters and performance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-reconstruction-comparison-a-is-the-original-velocity-3ccuo4k8.png Fig. 6. Reconstruction comparison. (a) is the original velocity field, (b) is the sum of the first 5 EMD components and (c) is the sum of the first 5 Fourier components. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-a-low-frequency-velocity-field-solved-on-8e8v54sm.png Fig. 8. Comparison of a low-frequency velocity field solved on fine and coarse grids. The same low-frequency flow is solved respectively on a fine grid and a coarse grid, where (a), (b) and (c) are the fine-grid results from the 1st, 8th and 16th frames, and (d), (e) and (f) are the corresponding coarse-grid results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-of-the-standard-solver-and-our-new-method-1u5se5dx.png Fig. 10. Comparison of the standard solver and our new method with a static obstacle in the domain. (a) standard method, (b) our new method using 4 partitions without view control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-the-standard-solver-and-our-new-method-23zpejvb.png Fig. 7. Comparison of the standard solver and our new method without view-control. (a) standard method, (b) our new method, and (c) out method with editing https://scispace.com/papers/viewpoint-experimental-recovery-of-geometrically-necessary-4dp549f7i6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plot-of-the-average-qgnd-as-a-function-of-the-distance-sb2n1jys.png Fig. 3. Plot of the average qGND as a function of the distance from the grain boundary. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-intensity-plots-of-the-magnitude-of-a-the-magnitude-of-357ge9w6.png Fig. 2. Intensity plots of the magnitude of (a) the magnitude of the dislocation tensor and (b) qGND. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-crystal-orientation-plot-lighter-grayscale-indicates-216afab3.png Fig. 1. Crystal orientation plot. Lighter grayscale indicates orientation closer to crystallographic h001i. https://scispace.com/papers/views-of-the-uk-general-public-on-important-aspects-of-4a66vhcvy7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-themes-used-for-coding-of-open-ended-responses-to-2xk4ybyo.png Table 2. Themes used for coding of open-ended responses to task 1 (what makes 11111 and full health different) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-themes-used-for-coding-of-open-ended-responses-to-94dvl857.png Table 2. Themes used for coding of open-ended responses to task 1 (what makes 11111 and full health different) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-background-characteristics-22n70pxx.png Table 1. Sample background characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-responses-to-task-3-ranking-of-six-health-fh83m0cz.png Table 3. Summary of responses to task 3 (ranking of six health states according to how much respondents would want to live in them) https://scispace.com/papers/views-on-alternative-forums-for-effectively-tackling-climate-1mtznciwj9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-all-cop19-20-respondents-indicating-2rek5gcs.png Table 2: Percentage of all COP19/20 respondents indicating forums according to their primary issuearea divided into governmental and NGO representatives. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-of-all-cop19-20-respondents-indicating-39pepml2.png Table 1: Percentage of all COP19/20 respondents indicating forums operating at different scales and with different terms of membership divided into governmental and NGO representatives. https://scispace.com/papers/vigilance-patterns-of-wintering-eurasian-wigeon-female-suxd900woj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-percentage-of-time-spent-vigilant-by-male-top-and-6w6byvjw.png Fig. 2 Percentage of time spent vigilant by male (top) and female (bottom) wigeon as a 555 function of flock size (Log-transformed) during the two study periods. November data are 556 represented by black dots and plain lines, March data by white circles and dotted lines. See 557 text for statistics. 558 559 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-average-percentage-of-time-spent-vigilant-by-male-and-12edh40m.png Fig. 1 Average percentage of time spent vigilant by male and female wigeon in November 550 and March. Vertical bars show standard errors, numbers in brackets are sample sizes. See 551 text for statistics. 552 553 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-best-fitting-models-for-the-percentage-of-time-spent-4lzgoq81.png Table 1 Best fitting models for the percentage of time spent vigilant by wigeon while 561 foraging, testing for differences between males and females (Sex), November and March 562 observation periods (“Month”), the effect of group size in which each focal bird foraged 563 (“Log(FlockSize)”) and the distance from water at which it did so (“Distance”), plus their 564 interactions. Only the final model of the backwards stepwise model selection procedure is 565 shown. 566 567 https://scispace.com/papers/violence-and-political-outcomes-in-ukraine-evidence-from-1sc84xd8j0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-victimization-voter-choice-and-voter-views-diyb9w56.png Table 4: Victimization, Voter choice and Voter views https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-the-final-sample-of-861-28bejju9.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics for the final sample of 861 respondents https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-is-violence-random-marginal-effects-from-probit-1j8bvfu1.png Table 2. Is violence random? Marginal effects from probit regressions of violence types https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-victimization-voter-turnout-and-political-knowledge-3vmj4iop.png Table 3. Victimization, voter turnout and political knowledge https://scispace.com/papers/violations-of-the-equivalence-principle-in-a-dilaton-runaway-2cedwugfsb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-phase-space-of-the-system-is-represented-in-the-of-3pdmlkdx.png FIG. 1. The phase space of the system is represented in the of a power-law potential~2.11! with n52, bl50.1, and l` 510210. The thick-dashed curves delimit the quantum behavio the two fields, the horizontal curvex5l` 21/(n12) and the hyperbolalike curvex5bl 2/nl` 21/ne22cw/n being the limits of the quantum behavior forx andw, respectively. In the white region both field have a classical behavior. The last ‘‘fully classical’’ trajectory h been represented by a thick solid curve. The bright-gray regions those where either thew or thex evolution is dominated by quan tum fluctuations. The fully quantum region is the dark-gray reg on the top right. https://scispace.com/papers/violence-detection-in-hollywood-movies-by-the-fusion-of-4rou03h46f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-precision-ap-at-20-for-the-best-run-of-teams-1mf4kuj3.png Table 2: Average Precision (AP) at 20 for the Best Run of Teams in the MediaEval VSD Task and Our Methods (VQ: vector quantization, SIFT: Scale Invariant Features Transform, STIP: Spatial-Temporal Interest Points, VSD: Violent Scenes Detection) [1] https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-precision-ap-at-k-k-20-and-100-and-axy6em41.png Table 3: Average Precision (AP) at k (k = 20 and 100) and Rprecision (RP) on the Test Dataset https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-precision-at-100-for-the-baseline-and-our-3kynf6j1.png Table 1: Average Precision at 100 for the Baseline and Our Methods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-generation-process-of-audio-representations-31g9vo6c.png Figure 1: (a) The generation process of audio representations for video shots of movies. (b) The learning phase of the method. https://scispace.com/papers/violet-to-deep-ultraviolet-ingan-gan-and-gan-algan-quantum-1vd5ibs2kp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-epitaxial-layer-design-of-our-2j1hkj51.png FIG. 1. Illustration of the epitaxial layer design of our InGaN /GaN based quantum electroabsorption modulator QEM-3 and QEM-4 along with the fabricated contacts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-atomic-force-microscope-image-of-one-of-our-quantum-u8my0jmw.png FIG. 4. Atomic force microscope image of one of our quantum electroabsorption modulators. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-optical-transmission-spectrum-of-our-epitaxially-grown-242b8jo5.png FIG. 3. Optical transmission spectrum of our epitaxially grown quantum electroabsorption modulators. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scanning-electron-microscope-image-of-one-of-our-3svljnb2.png FIG. 2. Scanning electron microscope image of one of our fabricated quantum electroabsorption modulators. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-normalized-electroluminescence-spectrum-of-all-16esbpxa.png FIG. 10. Normalized electroluminescence spectrum of all quantum electroabsorption modulators QEM-1, −2, −3, and −4 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-absorption-coefficient-change-spectrum-of-algan-based-3rvuyzu7.png FIG. 8. Absorption coefficient change spectrum of AlGaN based deep-UV QEM-1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-absorption-coefficient-change-spectra-of-ingan-based-a-3wjdy6x5.png FIG. 9. Absorption coefficient change spectra of InGaN based a near-UV QEM-2, b near-UV QEM-3, and c violet QEM-4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-normalized-photoluminescence-spectra-of-our-ingan-gan-2vh5cr5i.png FIG. 5. Normalized photoluminescence spectra of our InGaN /GaN based QEM-2 and QEM-3 at room temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/violent-behaviour-detection-using-local-trajectory-response-479tp74oa1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-nn-violence-classification-results-cum75p4l.png Table 4. NN-Violence classification results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-receiver-operating-characteristic-curve-for-each-31vzhndd.png Figure 4. Receiver operating characteristic curve for each method tested on the CF-violence dataset https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cf-violence-classification-results-14mne5t9.png Table 3. CF-Violence classification results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-receiver-operating-characteristic-curve-for-each-1z1t96o6.png Figure 5. Receiver operating characteristic curve for each method tested on the NN-violence dataset https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-results-obtained-when-applying-vif-and-ovif-1k8nn9k9.png Table 5. The results obtained when applying ViF and OViF descriptors to regions identified using our proposed solution and STIP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hockey-violence-classification-results-2eupbt1f.png Table 1. Hockey Violence classification results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-violent-flows-classification-results-73nwf6wc.png Table 2. Violent Flows classification results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-frames-taken-from-the-violent-flows-crowd-1r743id4.png Figure 3. Example frames taken from the Violent Flows crowd violence dataset. https://scispace.com/papers/viral-taxonomy-derived-from-evolutionary-genome-1uvwcovxnc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dendrogram-of-78-clusters-of-viruses-determined-by-2afzghro.png Fig 5. Dendrogram of 78 clusters of viruses, determined by density-based clustering on the 3-dimensional t-SNE space of viral genomes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-t-sne-plot-of-5817-viruses-from-refseq-grouped-by-2rtixhu7.png Fig 4. t-SNE plot of 5,817 viruses from RefSeq, grouped by mutual information of genes in common and 4-mer frequency. Points are colored by host kingdom: magenta = Archaea, maroon = Eubacteria, sky blue = Fungi, lime green = Plantae, orange = Animalia, and gray = unclassified. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dendrogram-of-cluster-32-which-corresponds-to-the-3h274kno.png Fig 6. Dendrogram of cluster 32, which corresponds to the Flaviviruses. Of the 44 viruses in this cluster, 19 which are clinically significant in humans are labeled; taxa names for the other 25 are omitted for clarity. This constructed phylogeny suggests that Zika is more genetically similar to the West Nile virus and yellow fever than to the Dengue viruses; the closest Dengue virus is Dengue 4. The two species marked with asterisks are not Flaviviruses; although they were clustered together with them, they are separated from the true Flaviviruses. Eight Flaviviruses make up a single sub-cluster of cluster 16 instead. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-t-sne-plot-of-5817-viruses-from-refseq-grouped-by-1kph2zu1.png Fig 2. t-SNE plot of 5,817 viruses from RefSeq, grouped by mutual information of genes in common and 4-mer frequency. Points are colored according to 78 clusters assigned by density-based clustering in the 3-dimensional t-SNE space. Each cluster is numbered, and cluster numbers correspond to those in Fig 5. Most clusters correspond to one order or family in the ICTV classification. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-graphical-representation-of-workflow-a-each-virus-is-2hrg7qqa.png Fig 1. Graphical representation of workflow. (a) Each virus is made up of genes, some of which may match the genes on another virus (Viruses A and B, respectively). We imagine the variation of information between two genes Di as the resistance of a resistor connecting them. Then the total “distance” between the collections of genes in Viruses A and B is the equivalent resistance between the two sides. Only the genes Ai and Bj which match are shown and indexed; the total number of options for choosing one gene from each virus is quite large, and most such choices do not yield a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-t-sne-plot-of-5817-viruses-from-refseq-grouped-by-398hzxup.png Fig 3. t-SNE plot of 5,817 viruses from RefSeq, grouped by mutual information of genes in common and 4-mer frequency. Points are colored by Baltimore classification: red = dsDNA viruses (Baltimore class I & VII), green = ssDNA viruses (Baltimore class II), blue = dsRNA viruses (Baltimore class III), yellow = ssRNA viruses, positive sense (Baltimore class IV & VI), brown = ssRNA viruses, negative sense (Baltimore class V), and gray = unclassified. https://scispace.com/papers/virial-balance-in-turbulent-mhd-two-dimensional-numerical-2cny0jals2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-in-all-panels-the-solid-line-is-the-identity-a-1-2-2f4grrt4.png FIGURE 1. In all panels, the solid line is the identity. (a) 1/2||dΦ/dt|| vs. 1/2||d2I/dt2||. Their near equality shows that the term 1/2dΦ/dt dominates the virial sum, indicating the importance of the variability of the mass flux through the clouds’ borders for the total virial balance. (b) Volume-plus-surface kinetic terms vs. the virial sum neglecting the 1/2dΦ/dt term. The near equality of both terms indicates the dominance of the kinetic terms over the remaining ones. This effect may be due to cloud bulk motion and should be eliminated by using an instantaneously-at-rest frame of reference for each cloud. (c) Volume vs. surface terms for internal energy (pressure) and (d) kinetic energy. The surface terms are seen to be comparable to the volume terms in general. The few points with large scatter in (c) are likely to correspond to regions of anomalous pressures due to recent star formation. (e) The gravitational term W vs. the sum of the remaining virial terms. A trend towards greater importance at larger scales is seen. However, a few points at near balance with gravity are seen at all scales. (f) Magnetic term M vs. the sum of the kinetic terms. An almost linear relation is observed. This is consistent with equipartition between kinetic and magnetic modes, if an offset is present, again due to the fact that clouds may have bulk velocities with respect to the integration volume. https://scispace.com/papers/virtual-civil-society-in-the-united-states-and-australia-3cyarixg5j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-of-virtual-social-activity-and-social-25dmp8n5.png Table 3. Correlations of Virtual Social Activity and Social Norms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-relationship-between-virtual-social-activity-3awglwmt.png Figure 2. The Relationship between Virtual Social Activity and Participation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-age-differences-in-virtual-social-activity-2yfaa64k.png Figure 1. Age Differences in Virtual Social Activity. https://scispace.com/papers/virtual-denormalization-via-array-index-reference-for-main-4foi3apifp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-multidimensional-array-oriented-aggregation-3b6bp4tw.png Fig. 6. Multidimensional array oriented aggregation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-query-processors-of-a-store-to-be-evaluated-2hgg621z.png TABLE 6 Query Processors of A-Store to be Evaluated https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-denormalization-versus-normal-mmdbs-on-ssb-4-2ggpsblv.png Fig. 1. Denormalization versus normal MMDBs on SSB [4]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-array-families-and-universal-table-35doigtj.png Fig. 2. Array families and universal table. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-predicate-processing-agg-groupby-on-denormalization-1uf3eay9.png TABLE 4 Predicate Processing, Agg-Groupby on Denormalization Performance Comparision https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-star-schema-benchmark-performance-of-different-vdoa527h.png TABLE 5 Star Schema Benchmark Performance of Different Database Implementions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-universal-table-for-a-snowflake-schema-2ygio7i9.png Fig. 3. A universal table for a snowflake schema. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-air-against-npo-and-pro-hash-join-1w7vlyvm.png TABLE 2 Comparison of AIR Against NPO and PRO Hash Join Algorithms https://scispace.com/papers/virtual-encounters-the-murky-and-furtive-world-of-1mfa3x102n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-interface-of-the-mv-39x6ryk9.png Fig. 7 Interface of the MV https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-two-points-tracing-intersecting-paths-in-sketchpad-3pabk0df.png Fig. 3 Two points tracing intersecting paths in Sketchpad https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-beniaminos-rh-miming-the-passage-of-time-and-lh-cjrb11hv.png Fig. 10 Beniamino’s RH miming the passage of time and LH actualizing a timeless motion https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-elisas-rh-moving-twice-horizontally-37e5d2jf.png Fig. 9 Elisa’s RH moving twice horizontally https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-oresmes-configuration-for-linear-qualities-unites-3otqbpec.png Fig. 1 Oresme’s configuration for linear qualities unites extensive (time on the horizontal) and intensive (speed on the vertical) quantities so that distance can be calculated in terms of area. The area of triangle ABC gives the length travelled in time between B and A (equal to the area of BAFG) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-childrens-gesturing-with-the-lines-rvncm1xt.png Fig. 5 Children’s gesturing with the lines https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-childrens-gestures-evoking-new-objects-2qy48oht.png Fig. 6 Children’s gestures evoking new objects https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-archimedes-spiral-a-the-static-form-and-b-a-dynamic-269dw9ru.png Fig. 2 Archimedes’ spiral: a the static form and b a dynamic trace https://scispace.com/papers/virtual-field-experiences-in-a-web-based-videogame-3qg5lw46p3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-exercises-and-data-a-an-anticline-and-aka44mxc.png Figure 2: Examples of exercises and data. (a) An anticline (and often, the adjacent syncline) exposed in profile in the east wall of the strip 145 mine was a common feature that the students selected for description. (b) Screenshot of data from a scanline used to determine the trend and plunge of the fold axis of the Whaleback in the central eastern quarter. The fold axis orientation, generated from an automatic pi-plot feature, is exaggerated as a red circle; the data for each measurement is printed on the right. (c) Students annotated an orthophoto of the Whaleback with stereonet data to investigate variations in the fold axis and best characterize the fold geometry. Each stereonet is associated with a student-made scanline (shown as a dashed line) on a section of the fold, with the trend-and-plunge values of the calculated fold-axis printed 150 above. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-learning-outcomes-from-the-national-association-of-2paya20x.png Table 1: Learning outcomes from the National Association of Geoscience Teachers and the International Association for Geoscience 240 Diversity (Atchison et al. 2020) and the assignments associated with our two virtual field experiences. https://scispace.com/papers/virtual-organization-to-virtual-product-structural-1e8is7nmyb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-parallel-alliance-model-adapted-from-lethbridge-n-ygbci1ut.png Figure 1. Parallel Alliance model (Adapted from Lethbridge, N (2001)) https://scispace.com/papers/virtual-reality-and-its-role-in-removing-the-barriers-that-2xw2v8wjdm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ve-design-guidelines-for-intellectual-disabilities-2rdgad8i.png Table 1: VE Design Guidelines for Intellectual Disabilities https://scispace.com/papers/virtual-prototyping-for-maritime-crane-design-and-operations-4aybvccdxe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-snapshot-of-the-crane-designer-tool-workspace-and-27lzavfr.png Fig. 3. A snapshot of the crane designer tool, workspace and load chart visualizations in a web browser https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-behaviors-of-the-hydraulic-cylinder-during-manual-v337szi0.png Fig. 8. The behaviors of the hydraulic cylinder during manual operations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-displacement-of-the-crane-tip-during-heave-2nr8gl8a.png Fig. 9. The displacement of the crane tip during heave compensation operations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-simplified-hydraulic-diagram-of-the-knuckle-boom-11d8m5sg.png Fig. 4. A simplified hydraulic diagram of the knuckle boom crane https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-bg-model-implementations-of-the-hydraulic-cylinder-and-393qdhjc.png Fig. 5. BG model implementations of the hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic motor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-kinematic-diagram-of-the-3-dof-knuckle-boom-crane-338ppkmy.png Fig. 6. Kinematic diagram of the 3-DoF knuckle boom crane https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-virtual-prototyping-for-product-and-system-design-232chcfr.png Fig. 1. Virtual prototyping for product and system design, modelling and simulation, visualization https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-same-scene-rendered-in-webgl-and-opengl-2ip5pe9j.png Fig. 10. The same scene rendered in WebGL and OpenGL simultaneously https://scispace.com/papers/virtual-reality-support-for-teleoperation-using-online-grasp-58a10k2ard 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conceptual-scheme-of-the-enhanced-telepresence-system-13xw50ei.png Fig. 1. Conceptual scheme of the enhanced telepresence system using shared autonomy https://scispace.com/papers/virtual-world-experimentation-an-exploratory-study-3tnff57vu3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-sl-screenshot-showing-the-users-avatar-male-abx1a1lz.png Figure 1: Typical SL-screenshot showing the user’s avatar(male foreground figure), the surrounding SL-environment and interface controls along the bottom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-ug-and-dg-offers-in-sl-as-well-as-2j1semca.png Figure 3: Distribution of UG and DG offers in SL as well as in selected previous studies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-round-one-meg-choices-and-minimum-m2ya7zum.png Figure 4: Distribution of round one MEG choices and minimum choices in SL and selected previous studies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-average-orientations-of-ess-respondents-ess-sl-and-1rgqr99a.png Figure 8: Average orientations of ESS-respondents (ESS), SL and UK student subjects according to Schwartz’ ten value dimensions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-average-orientations-of-ess-respondents-by-5pc1rc4m.png Figure 9: Average orientations of ESS-respondents by nationality, SL and UK student subjects according to Schwartz’ two composite value dimensions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-of-ultimatum-game-offers-in-of-ulvh3rh7.png Table 2: Summary statistics of ultimatum game offers (in % of the U.S. $stake) and rejections for n subject pairs in SL as well as in three locations reported by RPOZ and in the UK reported by CHJW. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-meg-payoff-matrix-in-l-the-first-column-represents-1o36mzzk.png Table 4: MEG payoff matrix (in L$). The first column represents player choices which, combined with the smallest choice in the group determines payoffs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-age-and-nationality-distribution-of-sl-subjects-12jgqcio.png Figure 10: Age and nationality distribution of SL-subjects. https://scispace.com/papers/virtual-tangles-and-fiber-functors-4p1271atno 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-morphism-from-to-p9eq5j3t.png Figure 1. A morphism from [++][−][−] to [+][−] https://scispace.com/papers/virtual-worlds-to-enhance-ambient-assisted-living-2yua4fdlrv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-example-of-a-wiiremote-monitoring-a-fitness-189xnmeu.png Figure 3: An example of a WiiRemote monitoring a fitness device. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-virtual-valley-software-architecture-3gqeis54.png Figure 2: Virtual Valley Software Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-aal-environment-1xu0bos9.png Figure 1: AAL Environment https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-list-of-implemented-features-3vqt7y8m.png TABLE I LIST OF IMPLEMENTED FEATURES https://scispace.com/papers/viscoelastic-modeling-of-the-fusion-of-multicellular-tumor-57k3jh7567 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spheroid-diameter-evolution-obtained-from-the-ig51e8ov.png Figure 5: Spheroid diameter evolution obtained from the measurements (red dots) and from the model (continuous line), with the parameter values Γ/η = 3.10−3µm/s, and Π/η = 1.0µs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-radius-neck-evolution-obtained-from-the-1bu904r1.png Figure 4: Radius neck evolution obtained from the measurements (red dots) and from the model (continuous line), with the parameter values Γ/η = 3.10−3µm/s, and Π/η = 1.0µs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spheroid-volume-evolution-obtain-from-the-2bgmf7gy.png Figure 3: Spheroid volume evolution obtain from the measurements of the neck radius and the spheroid diameter. For both experiments the evolution is almost linear. For each setup, 6 experiments have been performed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-images-of-the-fusing-spheroids-acquired-from-the-3knrjzoz.png Figure 2: Images of the fusing spheroids acquired from the live videomicroscopy at t = 0 (Left), t = 24h (Center) and t = 48h (Right). An acquisition was perfomed every 2hours for a total duration of the experiments of 72h. Grey: transmitted-light, red: mCherry fluorescence, green: GFP fluorescence. Scale bar: 100µm. https://scispace.com/papers/viscoelastic-potential-induced-changes-in-acoustically-thin-1ztxb6ni6p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6a-3a67eh39.png Fig. 6b https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4b-1kuo2fqu.png Fig. 4b https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2uahdglz.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7a-2wzpl8ka.png Fig. 7a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1gdc81z2.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5a-2kce72t4.png Fig. 5a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6b-1qx61my1.png Fig. 6b https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7b-15pyiczl.png Fig. 7a https://scispace.com/papers/viscoelasticity-and-high-buckling-stress-of-dense-carbon-8f6z8fvr0u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-cyclic-loading-with-a-1-um-radius-spherical-mpgulniu.png Figure 4. (a) Cyclic loading with a 1 µm radius spherical indenter in a 1.3 µm thick CNT brush grown by decomposition of SiC at 1800 o C for 4 hours at load levels before buckling (Test A), after buckling (Test B) and in a CNT/carbon wall mixture, grown by heating SiC wafer to 1900 o C for 4 hours (Test C). Three cycles are shown in each test. (b) Viscoelastic indentation measurements showing significantly higher values of tan at load levels before buckling in the CNT brush, than for CNTs after buckling or in a CNT/carbon wall mixture. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summarized-average-and-standard-deviation-of-5-tests-19uhdai6.png Table 1. Summarized average and standard deviation (of 5 tests) values of indentation buckling stress, contact radius and indentation zone size at buckling for the 3 different indenters used in this work. Indentations were performed on the 1.2-1.4 µm thick CNT brush sample shown in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-indentation-loading-response-as-a-function-of-1g6unw7l.png Figure 3. Indentation loading response as a function of indenter radius. The initial elastic behavior followed by the buckling instability is evident from both (a), the load-displacement and (b), the corresponding indentation stress-strain response. Note the lower bucking stress for the larger 13.5 µm indenter. (b inset) SEM micrograph of the 1.3 µm thick CNT brush grown by decomposition of SiC at 1800 o C for 4 hours. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-enlarged-view-of-fig-1b-showing-the-loading-of-a-ofyik8m1.png Figure 2. (a) Enlarged view of Fig. 1b showing the loading of a 1 µm spherical indenter on the ~200 nm thick CNT brush. Three distinct responses are visible during indentation. (a inset) Enlarged view of the initiation of buckling at a critical load. (b) The corresponding indentation stress-strain curve allows a better representation of these three stages of CNT indentation. (b inset) Schematic illustration of buckling of the CNTs in a dense CNT brush in the indentation zone. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-indentation-scheme-used-to-analyze-the-mechanical-ln7cv71b.png Figure 1. Indentation scheme used to analyze the mechanical properties of the CNT brushes. (a) SEM micrograph showing the CNT brush – graphite interface. The SiC wafers were treated at 1700 o C. (b) and (c) show a comparison of spherical indentation (indenter radius, Ri = 1 µm) load-displacement responses between the CNT brush and the graphite coating up to an indentation depth of 300 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/viscoelastic-properties-and-overall-sensory-acceptability-of-10a6ubtjqv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-values-of-the-storage-g-and-loss-g-moduli-of-the-3giipzlh.png Table 3 Values of the storage (G′) and loss (G″) moduli of the Petit-Suisse cheeses (means±SD) determined at 1 Hz by frequency sweep test https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-of-the-storage-g-and-loss-g-moduli-of-petit-1hrpl39k.png Table 2 Values of the storage (G′) and loss (G″) moduli of Petit-Suisse cheeses (means±SD) in the linear viscoelastic region https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rheological-properties-of-petit-suisse-cheeses-as-a-3udmi1px.png Fig. 4 Rheological properties of Petit-Suisse cheeses as a function of strain % after 7 days of storage: a storage modulus G′ and b loss modulus G″ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-absorbance-ofwhey-protein-isolate-wpi-low-methoxyl-3m096vvv.png Fig. 1 Absorbance ofwhey protein isolate (WPI)–low-methoxyl pectin (LMP) dispersions (1 wt%) at different protein/polysaccharide (Pr/Ps) ratios in function of pH. pHcf critical pH at which WPI–LMP complexes begin to form, pHps maximum phase separation pH at which coacervation between WPI–LMP was highest https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rheological-properties-of-petit-suisse-cheeses-as-a-h8cgvtsf.png Fig. 3 Rheological properties of Petit-Suisse cheeses as a function of strain % after 1 day of storage: a storage modulus G′ and b loss modulus G″ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-rheological-properties-of-petit-suisse-cheeses-as-a-27soqsvo.png Fig. 6 Rheological properties of Petit-Suisse cheeses as a function of frequency after 7 days of storage: a storage modulus G′ and b loss modulus G″ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-amplitude-sweep-of-milk-cream-mc-and-complex-2a0ei9jj.png Fig. 2 Amplitude sweep of milk cream (MC) and complex coacervate (CC) obtained at pH of 4.5, whey protein isolate–low-methoxyl pectin ratio of 8:1 and total biopolymers concentration of 1 wt%. Values of G′ (filled symbols) and G″ (empty symbols) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-rheological-properties-of-petit-suisse-cheeses-as-a-7vs25dsc.png Fig. 5 Rheological properties of Petit-Suisse cheeses as a function of frequency after 1 day of storage: a storage modulus G′ and b loss modulus G″ https://scispace.com/papers/viscoelastic-relaxation-and-recovery-of-tendon-2j8pv6mmfe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-repeatability-statistics-on-five-relaxation-tests-2g5aejsi.png TABLE 1. Repeatability statistics on five relaxation tests for a single specimen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-experimental-data-compared-to-nonlinear-4we6zc86.png FIGURE 6. Experimental data compared to nonlinear superposition and QLV models. The baseline is denoted by ‘‘B’’ and the relaxed 3% asymptote (lowest level reached during relaxation) is denoted by ‘‘RA.’’ (a) Relaxation and recovery curves based on experimental data, nonlinear superposition model, and QLV model. (b) Recovery portion of the data, demonstrating that neither QLV nor nonlinear superposition are accurate predictions of recovery behavior, and QLV is the worse fit of the two. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-relaxation-a-and-recovery-b-curves-on-a-single-cu53igv9.png FIGURE 7. Relaxation (a) and recovery (b) curves on a single specimen. The relaxation and especially the recovery are very repeatable between test runs on a single specimen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-input-waveform-for-single-relaxation-analysis-1eabdrjx.png FIGURE 1. Input waveform for single relaxation analysis without observed recovery. This waveform was performed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6% strains (only 6% strain input shown here) for the relaxation at various strains experiments and at 2% strain during preconditioning. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-repeatability-statistics-on-five-recovery-tests-for-2kk3x214.png TABLE 2. Repeatability statistics on five recovery tests for a single specimen. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-a-and-n-values-for-relaxation-and-recovery-curves-252s0m0w.png TABLE 3. A and n values for relaxation and recovery curves for all specimens. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-input-waveform-for-relaxation-and-recovery-analysis-9lc3ylqi.png FIGURE 2. Input waveform for relaxation and recovery analysis. During such analysis, relaxation always took place at 6% strain, but the recovery portion was performed at 1, 2, and 3% strain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-load-vs-time-during-relaxation-of-the-tendon-tissue-jxnsxqo5.png FIGURE 3. Load vs. time during relaxation of the tendon tissue at various strains, displaying the increasing time dependency with increasing strain. (a) All six strain levels, showing the converging nature of the curves. (b) 2, 4, and 6% strain curves, each data set fitted with the curve fit of the 2% strain. https://scispace.com/papers/viscosity-and-scaling-of-semiflexible-polyelectrolyte-nacmc-4nzq70blay 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-dependence-of-c-black-symbols-ce-red-symbols-and-50z934m7.png Figure 2: a: Dependence of c∗ (black symbols), ce (red symbols) and c∗∗ (blue symbols) on N for salt-free solutions. Dashed black line is the scaling prediction c∗ ∝ N−2, the full red and blue lines are best fit power laws, whose exponent is indicated on the graph. b: specific viscosity ηsp(0.005M) as a function of N , corresponding to data in the c∗ ≤ c ≤ ce range (black symbols) and ηsp(0.02M) for data in the ce ≤ c ≤ c∗∗ range (red symbols). Blue symbols are K × 253.4, which corresponds to the scaling of the specific viscosity for c ≥ c∗∗, as discussed in the text. Lines are best fit power laws, the exponents are indicated on the graph. Data include this work (full symbols surrounded by empty symbols) and references.6,18,19,26,44,83,92 Open symbols are upper bound estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-specific-viscosity-as-a-function-of-polymer-2a08984h.png Figure 1: Specific viscosity as a function of polymer concentration and added salt for NaCMC D.S. = 1.2 and Mw = 3.2 ×105 g/mol. Lines indicate limiting slopes. Salt-free data were reported previously.6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-c-black-symbols-and-ce-blue-symbols-as-a-function-3u40xosc.png Figure 4: a: c∗ (black symbols) and ce (blue symbols) as a function of N for 0.1 M NaCl solutions and for (b) 0.01M NaCl solutions. Black lines correspond to Zimm’s prediction.45 Dashed-dotted line indicates the trend for and ce extracted from Kulicke’s master curve.12,44 Data from this work (marked by hollow symbols) and references.32,44,46,71,74,76,83 Values for cs = 0.1M were interpolated as we did not measure at that cS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-for-mhs-and-entanglement-concentrated-222qub6m.png Table 1: Parameters for MHS and entanglement, concentrated crossover relations for different salt concentrations: [η] = KNa in L/mol, ce = ENα and c∗∗ = CNβ. [η] is obtained from the Huggins equation for salt solutions and from ηsp(c = 1/[η]) = 1 for salt-free solutions. Parameters kH , B and m are obtained from fits to ηsp = c[η] + kH(c[η])2 +B(c[η])m, Q and p to equation 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-specific-viscosity-at-ce-esp-ce-full-black-circles-1das0mgg.png Figure 3: Specific viscosity at ce, ηsp(ce) (full black circles) and at c∗∗ ηsp(c∗∗) (empty black circles) and n (red points) plotted as a function of N . Lines are best fit power laws. Data from this work (marked by surrounding hollow symbols) and references.6,18,26,44,92 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-crossover-concentrations-for-salt-free-solutions-of-3osxnl2d.png Figure 5: Crossover concentrations for salt free solutions of different polyelectrolyte systems: c∗ (hollow) and ce (full symbols) for: NaPSS (blue circles), NaIBMA (purple squares), NaCMC (red triangles) NaPAMS (green diamonds), QP2VP in ethylene glycol (orange circle), QP2VP in NMF97 (black +), c∗∗ for NaCMC (red crosses). https://scispace.com/papers/viscoelasticity-and-ultrastructure-in-coagulation-and-g1w5a10d64 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-18098q91.png Fig. 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-1d1e24pv.png Fig. 12 https://scispace.com/papers/viscoelasticity-of-pediatric-blood-and-its-implications-for-59hydl3fzw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pediatric-viscoelasticity-data-compared-with-2p3cro0t.png Figure 4. Pediatric viscoelasticity data compared with reference adult data at a strain of 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pediatric-viscoelasticity-data-compared-with-3lzxe0il.png Figure 5. Pediatric viscoelasticity data compared with reference adult data at a strain of 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pediatric-viscoelasticity-data-compared-with-24f64ngx.png Figure 3. Pediatric viscoelasticity data compared with reference adult data at a strain of 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-regression-equations-for-pediatric-viscosity-and-vr5jg3es.png Figure 6. Regression equations for pediatric viscosity and elasticity as a function of hematocrit at strains of 0.2, 1, and 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-viscosity-and-elasticity-of-pediatric-blood-and-3bra44pb.png Figure 1. Viscosity and elasticity of pediatric blood and blood analogs at 20%, 40%, and 60% hematocrit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-relaxation-time-left-and-elastic-stress-right-16ol7evc.png Figure 2. The relaxation time (left) and elastic stress (right) of pediatric blood for 20% to 56% hematocrits, in increments of 2%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-viscoelasticity-equations-at-strains-of-0-2-1-and-5-ex2ckqzw.png Table 1. Viscoelasticity Equations at Strains of 0.2, 1, and 5 https://scispace.com/papers/viscosity-density-and-volatility-of-binary-mixtures-of-34441mdgtz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-viscosities-of-aqueous-co2-loaded-solutions-of-30-wt-jnvsqgf5.png Table 4: Viscosities of aqueous CO2 loaded solutions of 30 wt% imidazoles Im, 2-MeIm, 2,4,5-MeIm and 1,2,4,5-MeIm at 298.15 and 313.15 K at 101.3 kPa.b https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experimental-viscosities-e-for-binary-mixtures-of-s99za1tl.png Table 3: Experimental Viscosities, η, for binary mixtures of imidazoles Im, 2-MeIm, 2,4,5-MeIm and 1,2,4,5-MeIm (1) + H2O (w) at 101.3 kPa.a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-data-and-estimation-results-of-the-cubic-polynomial-xked303s.png Figure 1: Data and estimation results of the cubic polynomial expansion for Im. Red and O (50 wt%), yellow and (40 wt%), green and (30 wt%), blue and (20 wt%), magenta and (10 wt%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-data-and-estimation-results-of-the-nrtl-dvis-model-1p6yh636.png Figure 2: Data and estimation results of the NRTL-DVIS model for Im. Red and O (50 wt%), yellow and (40 wt%), green and (30 wt%), blue and (20 wt%), magenta and (10 wt%). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-table-3spqax50.png Table 1: Sample Table https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-results-of-the-parameter-estimation-for-density-11ptzhqf.png Table 8: Results of the parameter estimation for density using the R-K model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-results-of-the-parameter-estimation-for-density-3tocbttq.png Table 9: Results of the parameter estimation for density using the NRTL-inspired model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-vle-data-mole-fractions-of-the-gas-and-liquid-2rxf0759.png Table 13: VLE Data, mole fractions of the gas and liquid phases (x1 and y1) and water activity coefficients, αw, for 2,4,5-MeIm (1) + H2O (w) system depending on composition at 313, 333, 353 and 373 K. a https://scispace.com/papers/viscosity-measurements-on-ionic-liquids-a-cautionary-tale-41kgr2uwlx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-deviations-from-the-correlationofeq-4-fromchirico-et-1mkwzlnt.png Fig. 1 Deviations from the correlationofEq. 4 fromChirico et al. [9] obtainedwith the round-robinviscosity data of the IUPAC sample of [C6mim][NTf2]. Non-IUPAC samples: Fichett et al. [13], , Capillary Zeitfuchs cross-arm; Crosthwaite et al. [14], ©, cone-and-plate; Tokuda et al. [15], +, cone-and-plate; Tokuda et al. [16], ×, cone-and-plate; Muhammad et al. [17], , cone-and-plate; Ahosseini and Scurto [18], , oscillating piston; , cone-and-plate https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-deviations-from-the-correlation-of-eq-4-from-chirico-15rjaeo9.png Fig. 2 Deviations from the correlation of Eq. 4 from Chirico et al. [9] obtained with the round-robin viscosity data of the IUPAC sample of [C6mim][NTf2] (Chirico et al. [9]). IUPAC round-robin: Widegren and Magee [19],+, Stabinger,wH2O from (10 to 10) mg ·kg−1; idem, , Ubbelohde capillary,wH2O from (20 to 20) mg ·kg−1; ibidem, , Ubbelohde capillary,wH2O from (10 to 10) mg ·kg−1; Kandil et al. [20], , sample A, wH2O from (43 to 410) mg · kg−1; idem, sample B, vibrating wire, wH2O from (7 to 117) mg ·kg−1; Santos et al. [21],©, Ostwald capillary,wH2O from (119 to 196) mg ·kg−1; Seddon and Driver in Marsh et al. [8], , cone-and-plate, wH2O from (14 to 25) mg · kg−1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characterization-of-the-viscosity-measurements-of-3buz2gl7.png Table 3 Characterization of the viscosity measurements of [C6mim][NTf2] performed by our group in Ref. [22] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-modulus-of-impedance-of-the-vibrating-wire-cell-2cp8vi4j.png Fig. 5 Modulus of impedance of the vibrating-wire cell containing [C2mim][EtSO4], without the wire https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-deviations-of-viscosity-results-for-c6mim-ntf2-52agh43r.png Fig. 7 Deviations of viscosity results for [C6mim][NTf2] obtained in the present work using an Ubbelohde capillary,wH2O from (44 to 221)mg·kg−1 : ©, with no surface-tension correction; , with surface-tension correction; from the correlation obtained with the vibrating-wire (VW) data from Ref. [22]. Also shown are the deviations of the VW data used for the correlation [22]: ♦, wH2O from (25 to 89) mg · kg−1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-experimental-results-for-the-viscosity-e-of-samplea-1tsrr239.png Table 6 Experimental results for the viscosity, η, of sampleA of [C2mim][EtSO4], measured in the present work with the vibrating-wire technique at temperatures, T , and at a pressure of 0.1 MPa https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-deviations-from-the-correlation-of-the-viscosity-1no4k4rn.png Fig. 4 Deviations from the correlation of the viscosity results for [C2mim][EtSO4] sample B, published in Ref. [22]: Diogo et al. [22], ♦, wH2O from (6 to 7) mg · kg−1; present work, sample A, ©, wH2O from (149 to 231) mg · kg−1 (data from Table 6) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-deviations-of-viscosity-results-for-c2mim-etso4-30ygz9qp.png Fig. 8 Deviations of viscosity results for [C2mim][EtSO4] obtained in the presentwork using anUbbelohde capillary, wH2O from (27 to 65) mg · kg−1: with no surface-tension correction; , with surface-tension correction; from the correlation obtained with the vibrating-wire (VW) data of [C2mim][EtSO4] sample B, from Ref. [22]. Also shown are the deviations of the VW data used for the correlation [22]: , wH2O from (6 to 7) mg · kg−1 https://scispace.com/papers/viscous-populations-and-their-support-for-reciprocal-4r9gvunxxj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-results-for-actual-local-population-fks63nt9.png Figure 2. Experimental Results for Actual Local Population Size in the Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-maximum-local-population-size-required-for-11zn5qgd.png Figure 1. Maximum Local Population Size Required for Collective Stability of Tit-forTat in the Model https://scispace.com/papers/viscosity-of-meson-matter-3ftt04mqgj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-shear-viscosity-for-the-full-meson-p-k-h-gas-at-3it4jesb.png FIG. 9. The shear viscosity for the full meson (p,K,h) gas at lower temperature. The chemical potentials aremp5100 MeV, mK5250 MeV, mh5300 MeV. The low energy plateau is reduce by adding more species, as kaons and etas behave less like stone bosons than the pion, so their low energy interactions already larger and have a smaller relative increase than the with collision energy; thus the viscosity increases more rapidly w the temperature as the number of species is increased. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-values-of-thesu-2-chiral-perturbation-theory-pa-2xi6g77b.png TABLE I. Values of theSU(2) chiral perturbation theory pa rameters employed in the IAM fit to the pion scattering amplitud ~input to this calculation of the viscosity!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-shear-viscosity-of-the-pion-gas-from-thesu-3-inverse-80nwjndu.png FIG. 5. Shear viscosity of the pion gas from theSU(3) inverse amplitude method phase shifts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-separate-effect-of-addingk-or-h-mesons-to-the-pion-gas-2g7d6j74.png FIG. 6. Separate effect of addingK or h mesons to the pion gas with their chemical potential vanishing. The kaons are much m important~partly due to their multiplicity!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-separate-effect-of-addingk-or-h-mesons-to-the-pion-gas-n2esweva.png FIG. 7. Separate effect of addingK or h mesons to the pion gas with their chemical potential vanishing. Fugacity for the pions se z50.01. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-values-of-thesu-3-chiral-perturbation-theory-pa-3a55gwh3.png TABLE II. Values of theSU(3) chiral perturbation theory pa rameters employed in the IAM fit to the meson scattering am tudes~input to this calculation of the viscosity!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-number-density-for-a-given-species-as-a-function-2esoeyn0.png FIG. 1. Number density for a given species as a function fugacity ~see text! for various values of the quotienty5mp /T. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-shear-viscosity-of-the-pion-gas-from-the-simple-anal-3987b0qf.png FIG. 3. Shear viscosity of the pion gas from the simple anal cal phase shifts~52! from Welkeet al. @15#. https://scispace.com/papers/viscous-transport-in-eroding-porous-media-26pz7404ps 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-the-local-tortuosity-of-a-porous-geometry-dh1lyj8l.png Figure 14: The local tortuosity of a porous geometry initialized with 100 grains after eroding to a porosity of 62.98%. (a) The x-component of the velocity at the inlet, u1(−1, y), normalized by its maximum velocity umax = 3.90 × 10−4. Note that this maximum velocity is about a order of magnitude smaller than the 20 body example in figure 9. (b) The local tortuosity τ(y) on the cross section x = −1. Compared to figure 9, this example has more small bodies, and this results in more discontinuities in the local tortuosity. (c) The trajectories of 200 tracers initialized at x = −1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-a-the-tortuosity-of-an-eroding-geometry-3dok71pw.png Figure 15: (a) The tortuosity of an eroding geometry initialized with 100 grains. The tortuosity is calculated using the Eulerian method (4.5) (blue dots) and Lagrangian method (4.4) (red stars). The dashed line is the line of best fit T̂ (φ) = φ−p with p = 0.2459. (b) The temporal evolution of σλ at six porosities. The dashed line has slope one and corresponds to ballistic dispersion. Asymptotically, the spreading becomes superdispersive with σλ ∼ tα, α ∈ (1/2, 1). The dashed-dotted lines of best fit have slopes 1.11 (φ = 95.12%), 0.68 (φ = 85.07%), 0.73 (φ = 75.14%), 0.59 (φ = 65.03%), 0.61 (φ = 55.02%), and 0.70 (φ = 50.09%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-local-tortuosity-of-a-porous-geometry-858mjp2a.png Figure 9: The local tortuosity of a porous geometry initialized with 20 grains after eroding to a porosity of 62.9%. (a) The x-component of the velocity at the inlet, u1(−1, y), normalized by its maximum velocity of 2.98× 10−3. (b) The local tortuosity τ(y) on the cross section x = −1. (c) The streamlines resulting in the ten largest differences of local tortuosity between neighboring streamlines. Neighboring streamlines have the same color. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-50-bodies-eroding-in-a-hagen-poiseuille-flow-the-39jcyn66.png Figure 1: 50 bodies eroding in a Hagen-Poiseuille flow. The six snapshots are equispaced in time, and the color is the magnitude of the fluid velocity in a logarithmic scale. The flow velocity varies over several orders of magnitude, the grains form irregular shapes with large aspect ratios, and the geometry becomes channelized and anisotropic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-the-tortuosity-of-an-eroding-geometry-3qb7u3pp.png Figure 10: (a) The tortuosity of an eroding geometry initialized with 20 grains. The tortuosity is calculated using the Eulerian method (4.5) (blue dots) and Lagrangian method (4.4) (red stars). The red square corresponds to the geometry in figure 9(c). The dashed line is the line of best fit T̂ (φ) = φ−p with p = 0.2064. (b) The temporal evolution of σλ at seven porosities. The dashed line has slope one and corresponds to ballistic dispersion. Asymptotically, the spreading is super-dispersive with σλ ∼ tα, α ∈ (1/2, 1). The dashed-dotted lines of best fit have slopes α = 1.06 (φ = 95.10%), α = 1.07 (φ = 85.09%), α = 1.06 (φ = 75.15%), α = 0.97 (φ = 65.09%), α = 0.78 (φ = 55.10%), α = 0.75 (φ = 45.08%), and α = 0.56 (φ = 37.68%). Values greater than 1 result from using a least-squares fit for the tails of the particle spreading. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-the-pore-sizes-between-neighboring-grains-two-qn92syhd.png Figure 3: (a) The pore sizes between neighboring grains. Two grains are neighbors if they share an edge of the Delanuay triangulation with nodes at the center of each eroding grain. (b) The pore sizes of an eroded geometry. The black curve is the Weibull distribution with the same first two moments as the data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-same-six-snapshots-as-figure-1-the-color-is-the-3f5mzkki.png Figure 2: The same six snapshots as figure 1. The color is the vorticity of the fluid. Since the rate of erosion is equivalent to the magnitude of the vorticity, erosion is fastest in the yellow and blue regions and slowest in the green regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-single-body-eroding-in-a-shearing-stokes-flow-the-2wy0pv9o.png Figure 4: A single body eroding in a shearing Stokes flow. The color is the logarithm of the shear stress. Therefore, erosion is fastest in the red regions (upper half) and slowest in the blue regions (lower half). The body is initialized at three different distances from the lower wall: (a) h, (b) h/2, and (c) h/10. https://scispace.com/papers/visfatin-levels-are-decreased-in-advanced-stages-of-diabetic-47zpqqk3k2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-visfatin-levels-for-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-2wnvt8cn.png Figure 1. Visfatin levels for Type 2 diabetes mellitus patient and different stages of CKD (Kruskal Wallis’ test, *p50.05). https://scispace.com/papers/visibility-driven-hierarchical-radiosity-363f5hjzrr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-skeleton-construction-took-2-min-23s-meshing-3f12rnw7.png Figure 1: (a) Skeleton construction took 2 min 23s.; meshing/lighting step took 8min. (b) Skeleton construction took 4min 12s; meshing/lighting step took 7min. https://scispace.com/papers/visibility-of-the-gask-ridge-road-from-simulated-watchtowers-t472i9zpm1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-visible-cells-that-coincide-with-the-gask-2zbypirv.png Table 1. Number of visible cells that coincide with the Gask Ridge road from both watchtower 235 observer heights 236 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-examples-of-monte-carlo-simulation-cumulative-3362egts.png Fig 4. Examples of Monte Carlo simulation cumulative viewsheds from simulated watchtowers along 242 the Gask Ridge Roman road. A and C: 8.65m observer height. B and D: 11.65m observer height 243 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-northern-scotland-in-the-late-first-century-based-on-17w05uhx.png Fig. 1. Northern Scotland in the late first century. Based on Woolliscroft and Hoffmann (2006, p. 34) 40 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cumulative-viewshed-of-the-gask-ridge-roman-road-from-2fq0am8q.png Fig. 3. Cumulative viewshed of the Gask Ridge Roman road from the watchtowers. 227 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-gask-ridge-system-fortifications-along-the-gask-ridge-320rkusp.png Fig. 2. Gask Ridge system fortifications along the Gask Ridge proper 78 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistical-summaries-of-the-sum-of-the-cumulative-2uxlblba.png Table 2. Statistical summaries of the sum of the cumulative number of visible cells that coincide with 252 the Gask Ridge road from the 99 simulations of the watchtower locations and the true locations of the 253 watchtowers 254 https://scispace.com/papers/visible-human-slice-web-server-a-first-assessment-321btozybs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-selecting-an-image-slice-within-a-miniaturized-3d-3jf0foy5.png Fig. 1 Selecting an image slice within a miniaturized 3D tomographic image (Java applet) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sending-the-slice-extraction-requests-and-receiving-20aja1vk.png Fig. 3 Sending the slice extraction requests and receiving slice parts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-extraction-of-slice-parts-from-volumic-file-extents-3g4vm739.png Fig. 2 Extraction of slice parts from volumic file extents https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-graphical-representation-of-the-pipelined-parallel-1uk2zwfg.png Fig. 4 Graphical representation of the pipelined-parallel plane extraction and visualization application https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-slice-extraction-performance-under-various-oki8kq7i.png Fig. 5 Slice extraction performance under various configurations, without disk caching https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-interface-for-absolute-mode-57slb7h2.png Fig. 6 Interface for absolute mode https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-extracting-a-perpendicular-oblique-slice-in-relative-2vo615xm.png Fig. 7 Extracting a perpendicular oblique slice in relative mode https://scispace.com/papers/visible-luminescence-from-hydrogenated-amorphous-silicon-1ag93jm49x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-part-of-the-measured-xps-spectrum-corresponding-to-2jhzenbl.png FIG. 3. The part of the measured XPS spectrum corresponding to the Si 2p orbitals of untreated a-Si:H film (dashed line) and film treated with laser fluence of 260 mJ/cm2 (solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pl-spectra-of-a-si-h-films-treated-by-femtosecond-2oldjae3.png FIG. 2. PL spectra of a-Si:H films treated by femtosecond laser radiation with laser fluence values of 260, 360, and 460 mJ/cm2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-images-of-pristine-a-si-h-film-top-left-and-16hxwtzc.png FIG. 1. SEM images of pristine a-Si:H film (top left) and irradiated with two different fluences (bottom left and right). White light reflection from the surface of a-Si:H thin film (top right). The reflection from the part of the sample irradiated at fluences more than 250 mJ/cm2 is significantly reduced. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-raman-spectra-of-untreated-a-si-h-film-bottom-line-and-kv30u629.png FIG. 4. Raman spectra of untreated a-Si:H film (bottom line) and film treated with the laser fluence of 260 mJ/cm2 (top line). https://scispace.com/papers/vision-based-detection-for-learning-articulation-models-of-35v1uci594 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-top-a-drawer-is-opened-and-closed-and-observed-with-a-2ou3fykw.png Fig. 1. Top: A drawer is opened and closed and observed with a stereo camera in combination with projected texture. Bottom left: After plane segmentation, we optimize iteratively the pose of a rectangle and evaluate the model fit directly in the disparity image. Bottom right: After combining these detections into a track, we fit an articulation models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-evaluation-of-the-detector-using-ground-truth-data-25sjyw1x.png Fig. 11. Evaluation of the detector using ground truth data from the motion capturing studio. Top: Detection rate and number of planes that needed to be searched to find the drawer. Bottom: Accuracy of the pose estimate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-blue-rectangle-shows-the-ground-truth-location-hdt3n79m.png Fig. 10. The blue rectangle shows the ground truth location obtained with a motion capturing studio, while the green rectangles show our estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-positional-error-of-a-planar-target-observed-with-our-2xbldzy2.png Fig. 3. Positional error of a planar target, observed with our active stereo system. For a white target, the error stays below 2mm until after 1.2m, then goes up to about 1cm at 2.5m. For a very dark target, error is low close up, then becomes larger at distance, when the pattern is difficult to see. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-our-projector-and-stereo-camera-system-a-pattern-p-is-ionzmhca.png Fig. 2. Our projector and stereo camera system. A pattern P is projected onto a surface to produce P ′, which is imaged by a left and right camera. To compute depth, the small red block in the left image is matched against a range of blocks in the right image at the same vertical offset, indicated by the outlined rectangle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-evaluation-of-the-articulation-models-learned-for-the-3sdabdqw.png Fig. 12. Evaluation of the articulation models learned for the drawer (left) and the door (right), averaged over 50 runs. The plots at the top show the probability of the articulation model templates, the plots at the bottom show the prediction error of the learned model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-finding-the-tree-most-prominent-planes-with-our-ransac-3fupuqzj.png Fig. 4. Finding the tree most prominent planes with our RANSAC-based approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-the-cost-parameter-for-unknown-and-occluded-7n71rd92.png Fig. 5. Effect of the cost parameter for unknown and occluded pixels. Left: cost too high (1.0). Middle: cost too low (0.0). Right: good (0.2). https://scispace.com/papers/vision-driven-collaborative-robotic-grasping-system-tele-136gq2a9u8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scheme-of-the-proposed-method-implemented-in-robot-24wl21wf.png Figure 5. Scheme of the proposed method implemented in Robot Operating System (ROS) showing communication modules among different steps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pre-grasping-pose-of-the-robotic-system-computed-by-1ohjxm69.png Figure 1. Pre-grasping pose of the robotic system computed by the vision algorithm. (a) Real robotic system in which the grasps are executed. (b) Simulation system where the movement is planned and the robotic hand pose is evaluated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-semg-performance-and-grasping-accuracy-for-object-2cldlpmk.png Table 1. sEMG performance and grasping accuracy for object position 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-semg-performance-and-grasping-accuracy-for-object-cc5mqlq4.png Table 2. sEMG performance and grasping accuracy for object position 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-semg-performance-and-grasping-accuracy-for-object-6o8hptu9.png Table 3. sEMG performance and grasping accuracy for object position 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-surface-electromyography-semg-system-acquiring-data-hewre5lt.png Figure 2. Surface electromyography (sEMG) system acquiring data from a subject. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-the-grasping-accuracy-for-the-proposed-m97n30bs.png Table 4. Comparison of the grasping accuracy for the proposed (visual data + sEMG) compared to the previous method (only visual data). https://scispace.com/papers/vision-based-target-tracking-with-a-small-uav-optimization-36hvonpymv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parameters-in-stochastic-uav-dynamics-2tpk4hx8.png Table 5: Parameters in Stochastic UAV dynamics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimization-parameters-2fbcap6m.png Table 1: Optimization Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-azimuth-cost-function-g1pthq-in-this-particular-2doka26c.png Figure 3: The azimuth cost function g1pϑq. In this particular instance, the pan angle limitations, θ` and θu, are indicated by the horizontal dashed lines at ϑ “ ´135˝ and ϑ “ 15˝, respectively. The azimuth angle ϑ is penalized near these extremities with ϑ “ ´90˝, ϑ̄ “ ´30˝, and λ1 “ 16π. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-statistics-over-15-minute-window-2nmt6864.png Table 7: Statistics over 15 minute window https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-critical-components-of-the-viewing-geometry-1y3udnr5.png Figure 17: Critical components of the viewing geometry performance with the stochastic optimal control policy: azimuth ϑ and 2-D distance to target ρ. The mechanical limits of the gimbal, θ` and θu, are indicated by dashed lines in the plot of azimuth angle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-roll-command-sequence-under-the-stochastic-optimal-2p9js7mm.png Figure 18: Roll command sequence under the stochastic optimal control policy µ˚. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-stochastic-target-motion-parameters-3r9immbf.png Table 4: Stochastic target motion parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-speed-dependent-standard-deviation-of-the-2k33ti84.png Figure 8: The speed dependent standard deviation of the normally distributed turn rate. https://scispace.com/papers/visitor-attention-in-exhibitions-the-impact-of-exhibit-5cv08hj31r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-snapshots-from-the-four-conditions-1kkhdiyt.png Figure 3. Snapshots from the four conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-aht-values-of-the-exhibit-objects-in-the-four-2aovse8q.png Figure 6. AHT values of the exhibit objects in the four experimental conditions. Note. Larger markers indicate the larger exhibit objects in each experimental condition. Standard deviations for each object are indicated within parentheses. AHT = average holding time. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-differences-between-the-first-and-the-last-eo-in-gg3bnzhq.png Table 1. Differences Between the First and the Last EO in Each Condition in Terms of AP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparisons-of-eo-in-terms-of-their-ap-values-within-6ruh3h4s.png Table 2. Comparisons of EO in Terms of Their AP Values Within Conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-deviations-in-the-attracting-power-and-average-32iojkzm.png Table 4. Deviations in the Attracting Power and Average Holding Time Values of the EO in Conditions With Larger Objects (L1, L4, and L7) From Those of the Corresponding EOs in the Control Condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ap-values-of-the-exhibit-objects-in-four-conditions-3edvprrf.png Figure 5. AP values of the exhibit objects in four conditions. Note. Larger markers indicate the larger pieces in each experimental condition. AP = attracting power. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ground-floor-plan-of-the-contemporary-arts-center-21f82g5q.png Figure 1. Ground floor plan of the Contemporary Arts Center in Ankara, Turkey, showing the approach to Z-Gallery, in which the exhibition took place. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-average-interest-ratings-of-the-exhibit-objects-in-1stuzu2l.png Figure 7. Average interest ratings of the exhibit objects in the four conditions. Note. Larger markers indicate the larger exhibit objects in each experimental condition. Horizontal dashed lines indicate the overall interest rating of each condition. Standard deviations for each object are indicated within parentheses. https://scispace.com/papers/visit-to-visit-blood-pressure-variation-is-associated-with-uyeo9uutrc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spline-graphical-representation-of-the-prognostic-3pii9v0o.png Figure 1. “Spline” graphical representation of the prognostic implications of blood pressure variability https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ephesus-multinomial-logistic-regression-to-assess-vmqdee9n.png Table 2. EPHESUS: Multinomial logistic regression to assess the factors associated with low and high blood pressure variability using intermediate variability as reference category https://scispace.com/papers/visual-analysis-of-body-movement-in-serious-games-for-40siw4o4ul 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-event-type-grouping-17dv05s0.png Table 1: Event Type grouping https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-visualization-divided-by-x-range-filtered-with-2xbhelit.png Figure 1: Visualization divided by x range filtered with Neutral events (a), clustered with threshold=0 (b), divided by total number of Positive and Negative events (c), clustered with threshold=0.35 (d), and navigation bar (e) https://scispace.com/papers/visual-analysis-of-compliance-with-clinical-guidelines-58sfhajmt2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-ui-value-abstraction-is-integrated-into-1ewij5oy.png Figure 1: System UI. Value abstraction is integrated into patient parameter views (a). Highlighting of valid and invalid action time points and intervals of missing action application is supported. The modified plan execution view is placed beneath (b) invalid actions are marked accordingly (labeled with ”X”) and intervals of missing action execution are encoded by a bar consisting of an upper and lower part. A panel containing patient information, options and statistics is shown on the bottom (c). The statistics contain a stacked bar, showing the proportions between valid, invalid and missing action counts for the whole execution. Aggregation of valid, invalid and missing action counts is implemented in the overview (d). A stacked bar showing the aggregated counts for the current element (action or plan) is displayed inside a tooltip. Miniature versions of these bars are rendered directly beneath the actions for quick identification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-parameter-view-highlighting-highlighted-valid-3aha7lwy.png Figure 5: Parameter view highlighting. Highlighted valid action time point inside the SO2 parameter view (yellow vertical bar, with circular shape marking the value at this time point) (a), these action causes the preceding missing action interval (light brown) to be closed. A new interval starts afterwards, because the action is not applied again, although the parameter is still out of range. An invalid action time point is highlighted in red (b) inside the PCO2 parameter view (cross shape marking the value). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-plan-overview-with-horizontal-miniature-bars-3wtmj9st.png Figure 6: Plan overview with (horizontal) miniature bars beneath the action symbols (diamonds). It is clearly visible e.g., that a lot of guideline actions have been applied invalidly at least once (red bar) and that a lot of guideline actions are missing at least once (brown bar). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-data-aggregation-in-the-guideline-structure-view-a-1xh7svp8.png Figure 7: Data aggregation in the guideline structure view. A tooltip for the initial plan shows that most of the actions of the child plans are missing in this example (proportional area of stacked bar colored in brown) (a). Tooltip for the action, which is applied, if the PCO2 Parameter is low, in this example the action is missing frequently and has one invalidly executed instance (red) (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-abstraction-and-action-conditions-the-parameter-4p31cey0.png Figure 4: Abstraction and action conditions. The parameter view with active overlay is shown on the right, the corresponding plan is shown on the left. Values of the SO2 parameter mapped to the category high are associated with the application of a specific action (1) the same is true for values mapped to low category (2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-aborted-plan-the-duration-of-halted-execution-6flto660.png Figure 3: Aborted plan. The duration of halted execution, starting from time point of change to aborted state (blue bar representing a missing action interval ends) until the end of execution, is colored in red. All actions occurring in this time span are marked as invalid (diamond marked with ”X”). Green color is used in a similar way for plan completion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plan-execution-view-for-an-example-patient-the-plan-3oaz8hbx.png Figure 2: Plan execution view for an example patient. The plan handling the oxygen saturation (1) and the plan handling the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (2) is shown. The action for adjusting low oxygen saturation is missing for the whole duration of the execution in the first plan (connected upper and lower bars in blue color, the plan is represented by the grey background). The other plan (2) has some time spans, during which the action for adjusting low values is missing (bars in yellow color). As soon as the valid action is applied (yellow diamond) (4), the missing interval ends (3). A new interval starts afterwards (6), because no valid action has been applied, although the parameter is still beneath normal range. Actions without an equivalent in the guideline (5) are automatically marked as invalid actions (diamonds marked with ”X”). https://scispace.com/papers/visual-analytics-combining-automated-discovery-with-36x1xkapzv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-title-pages-of-the-telegraph-in-november-2007-the-text-31nida13.png Fig. 3. Title pages of The Telegraph in November 2007. The text has been analyzed with respect to a quasi-semantic property ‘that tries to assess the positive or negative opinion expressed in the documents. Sentences with positive statements are highlighted in green, the ones with negative statements in red, respectively. The degree of positiveness or negativeness is denoted by the intensity of the color. (courtesy of The Telegraph) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-research-areas-related-to-visual-analytics-1mpot2bo.png Fig. 1. Research Areas Related to Visual Analytics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-literature-fingerprinting-technique-see-9-instead-of-2y7oob4d.png Fig. 4. Literature Fingerprinting Technique (see [9]). Instead of calculating a single feature value per document, a sequence of feature values is extracted and presented to the user as a characteristic fingerprint for each document. In the example above, the technique is used to analyze the discrimination power of text features for authorship attribution. Each pixel represents the feature value for one text block and the grouped pixels belong to one book. The different feature values are mapped to color. If a feature is able to discriminate between the two authors, the books in the first row (that have been written by J. London) are visually different from the remaining books (written byM. Twain). Each subfigure shows the visualization of the values of one specific low-level feature that is commonly used for authorship attribution. It can easily be seen that not all features are able to discriminate between the two authors. Furthermore, it is interesting to observe that the book Huckleberry Finn (middle book in the middle column of the books of M. Twain) sticks out in a number of features as if it was not written by Mark Twain. https://scispace.com/papers/visual-analytics-for-spatio-temporal-air-quality-data-11ojv9f3v1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-architecture-of-the-air-quality-dashboard-e0u7ewrr.png Fig. 1. Architecture of the Air Quality Dashboard. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-interpolation-map-of-no-for-the-city-of-modena-the-rwxwlmrd.png Fig. 8. Interpolation map of NO for the city of Modena. The colors are based on EEA scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-average-weekdays-view-for-o3-in-july-2020-in-via-villa-3ocsugfw.png Fig. 7. Average weekdays view for O3 in July 2020 in Via Villa d’Oro. The colors of the background is based on EEA scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-prediction-view-that-displays-the-air-quality-forecast-16fs6qf0.png Fig. 9. Prediction view that displays the air quality forecast for 2020/07/15 at 18:00. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-all-views-accessible-from-the-sensor-map-view-bsiypslj.png Fig. 4. All views accessible from the sensor map view. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-month-view-for-no2-june-2020-the-colors-of-the-3qjkb9nd.png Fig. 5. Month view for NO2, June 2020. The colors of the background is based on ARPAE scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-all-views-accessible-from-the-sensor-map-view-3o64f3qe.png Fig. 3. All views accessible from the sensor map view. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-two-year-views-for-co-in-2020-the-bottom-uses-arpae-18jugz0e.png Fig. 6. Two year views for CO in 2020: the bottom uses ARPAE scale and the top EEA scale. The figure shows also the setting view where scales can be modified. https://scispace.com/papers/visual-directional-anisotropy-does-not-mirror-the-4j9d23izo0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-median-reaction-time-rt-averaged-across-3293m1l2.png Figure 3. The median reaction time (RT) averaged across observers for different motion types (radial flow, translation, random motion) and directions. The error bars represent the standard error of the mean, without between-subjects variability for graphical purposes only. The radial flow pattern contained a quadratic speed gradient. Dots of the translation and random motion stimuli did not increase in speed but travelled with a randomly selected single speed (within the speed range of the radial optic flow pattern). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-in-color-online-see-http-dx-doi-org-10-1068-p7925-1q6vl9ci.png Figure 1. [In color online, see http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p7925] Schematic representation of the stimuli used in the experiment. A mask (refresh rate = 10 Hz) was presented to one eye, while an either expanding or contracting radial optic flow stimulus was presented to the other eye. The mask and optic flow were presented to each eye in counterbalanced order. To facilitate binocular fusion, a rectangle that was composed of randomly assigned black and white pixels surrounded each stimulus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-median-reaction-time-averaged-across-observers-us4zvcct.png Figure 4. The median reaction time averaged across observers for different motion types (radial flow, translation, random motion) and directions. The error bars represent the standard error of the mean, without between-subjects variability for graphical purposes only. The radial flow pattern did not contain a speed gradient. All dots of all motion types travelled with the same speed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-averaged-median-and-b-normalized-reaction-times-ww9m028x.png Figure 2. (a) Averaged median and (b) normalized reaction times (RTs) across and for individual observers. The left panels depict the average (normalized) median RT across observers for expanding (Exp) and contracting (Con) optic flow, respectively. The error bars represent the standard error of the mean, without between-subjects variability for graphical purposes only (Cousineau, 2005). The middle panels show the median (normalized) RT of each observer for expanding and contracting optic flow. The right panels show, for all trials across observers, the distribution of the (normalized) RTs when the expanding (black diamonds) or contracting (open triangles) optic flow broke suppression. Note that, due to the normalization procedure, the normalized RT can be longer than the duration of a trial. This occurred when an observer had an RT at a certain trial that was much longer than the median RT of all trials of this observer. https://scispace.com/papers/visual-conspicuity-visual-search-and-fixation-tendencies-of-329wjvvc1u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-these-target-eye-movements-occutxed-in-the-case-of-our-20u15g0e.png Fig. 8, these target eye movements occutxed in the caSe of our two observers in about 30-4Oy, of the times that the test object was discovered. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-one-of-the-experimental-functions-given-in-fig-12-fe-2rxldymm.png Fig. 13. One of the experimental functions given in Fig. 12 (FE. 5 = 0.69’) approximated both, by a linear function of search time implying the assumption of systematic search, and by an exponential function of search time im- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-arithmetic-mean-at-of-the-delay-times-before-1146ndf8.png Fig. 11. The arithmetic mean (AT) of the delay times before occurrence of a target eye movement. against the size (i?,,,) of the corresponding conspicuity area. https://scispace.com/papers/visual-field-progression-8-years-after-trabeculectomy-in-2djz54o56y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inclusion-and-exclusion-criteria-for-entry-into-the-p1rukdtk.png Table 1. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria for Entry into the Singapore 5-Fluorouracil Trial. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-visual-field-progression-outcomes-for-all-127-2hibbay9.png Table 3: Visual Field Progression Outcomes for all 127 Subjects. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-patient-demographics-and-post-operative-th84kx4y.png Table 5. Patient Demographics and Post-Operative Characteristics – Eyes with IOP SD ≥ 3 mmHg vs Eyes with IOP SD <3 mmHg. https://scispace.com/papers/visual-food-cues-decrease-postprandial-glucose-1uu9fx4qkl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-parameters-of-glucose-homeostasis-mean-sem-plasma-2yvlrk0x.png Figure 2: Parameters of glucose homeostasis. Mean ± SEM plasma or serum concentrations of 315 glucose (A, B), insulin (C, D) and C-peptide (E, F) during baseline and after watching food pictures 316 (black squares) or neutral items (white circles). Baseline concentrations of glucose, insulin and C-317 peptide were comparable between conditions and groups (all p > 0.1). Blood samples were drawn at 318 0950h (-20min), 1010h (0min), 1025h (15min), 1105h (55min), 1130h (80min), 1145 (95min), and 319 1205h (115min). 320 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-total-calorie-intake-in-the-test-buffet-and-snack-29w1jdxs.png Figure 1: Total calorie intake in the test buffet and snack test. Mean ± SEM total intake of 261 kilocalories in the test buffet (A) and snack test (B) after watching pictures of palatable food (black 262 bars) or neutral items (white bars) in lean and obese men. 263 264 In the additional experiment, where lean men were presented with pictures of 265 high-calorie food items that were offered for consumption later on or with control 266 pictures, we did not find differences in total calorie intake between conditions (1781 ± 267 109 kcal vs. 1711 ± 105 kcal, t(9) = 0.66, p > 0.3). In the subsequent snack test, 268 participants ingested comparable amounts of total calories in both conditions (183 ± 269 40 kcal vs. 191 ± 52 kcal; t(8) = 0.78, p > 0.7). 270 https://scispace.com/papers/visual-interactive-search-for-soccer-trajectories-to-57abhfyax9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-our-radial-menu-for-filtering-trajectories-based-on-1zezuuaq.png Figure 4. Our radial menu for filtering trajectories based on team, player groupings and the ball. By selecting a particular filter criterion the result set gets updated and the best ranked trajectory will be displayed on the soccer pitch. This view demonstrates the selection of the ball trajectory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-user-sketch-and-the-corresponding-results-for-scene-33kq6jwc.png Figure 5. User sketch and the corresponding results for Scene 1. In total the search system found four similar trajectory paths including two corner kick situation. All found trajectories start at the upper right corner and go through the penalty area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-illustration-of-a-multi-trajectory-query-for-scene-3ikvlq8m.png Figure 6. Illustration of a multi-trajectory query for Scene 2 including the best matching result (visualized on soccer pitch) and further results in the small multiple view. In order to rediscover the situation we determined the first sketch (upper arrow) as ball trajectory and the sketch arranged below as player trajectory of the blue team (away team). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-multi-trajectory-sketch-and-the-corresponding-1l4iji39.png Figure 7. Multi-trajectory sketch and the corresponding results for Scene 3. The sketched trajectories are determined as ball (upper sketch) and player (lower sketch) trajectory (a). The background color of the small multiple thumbnails reveals additional information about the game phase (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-our-implemented-prototype-showing-a-single-1frxs7ss.png Figure 1. Our implemented prototype showing a single-trajectory search by applying the spatial distribution approach presented in Section 4. In this illustration, we are searching for movement patterns that start from the outer midfield and run into the direction of right penalty area. The best matching results are shown in the small multiple view on the right hand side. By clicking on a thumbnail (highlighted in white), the particular trajectory will be directly displayed on the soccer pitch. Additional information about the scene like jersey number, player name, time or trajectory type (displayed in different colors) are shown in the small multiple thumbnail. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-overview-of-the-offensive-attempts-of-defenders-37hz7pk8.png Figure 8. Overview of the offensive attempts of defenders from the away team. The two rectangular boxes determine the start and end position of the searched trajectories. This query reveals that the right defender participated eight times in offensive situations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-spatial-area-sketch-to-identify-the-side-attacks-194kmyud.png Figure 9. Spatial area sketch to identify the side attacks from the away team over the right hand side. By including the event information it only returns real attack situations that involves a cross. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-demonstration-of-our-preprocessing-steps-to-filter-1fq2ck35.png Figure 2. Demonstration of our preprocessing steps to filter out dissimilar trajectory segments (illustrated in red). First, we only consider trajectory segments, which are running through a similar start and end area of the user sketch (a); then we compare the length of user sketch and remaining candidates (b) and finally, we are using a bounding box to check for deviations within their path (c). The black arrows illustrate the user sketches and the trajectories that fulfill the filtering constraints are colored in white. https://scispace.com/papers/visual-language-model-for-face-clustering-in-consumer-photos-258fz1ltbg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sift-based-matches-between-a-the-same-persons-face-36ptypfc.png Figure 1. SIFT-based matches between (a) the same persons’ face images and(b) diferent persons’ face images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-matching-situation-in-terms-of-visual-words-3cejl89h.png Figure 2. Matching situation in terms of visual words. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-information-of-the-test-data-and-their-xee3alrj.png Table 1. Information of the test data and their characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cluster-accuracy-vs-number-of-face-clusters-in-four-452nxp3h.png Figure 4. Cluster accuracy vs. number of face clusters in four different datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-different-language-model-settings-2j22121n.png Figure 3. Comparison of different language model settings. https://scispace.com/papers/visual-perception-enabled-industry-intelligence-state-of-the-3v5dsw2daa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-application-fields-of-visual-perception-3tomjr98.png Fig. 1: Typical application fields of visual perception. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-typical-mcs-architecture-2dojkjw5.png Fig. 6: A typical MCS architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-general-process-of-product-surface-defect-detection-2qbhq181.png Fig. 2: General process of product surface defect detection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-development-prospects-of-visual-perception-27ble97s.png Fig. 8: Development Prospects of Visual Perception. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-some-applications-of-visual-perception-in-intelligent-1d5vzvyh.png Fig. 3: Some applications of visual perception in intelligent agricultural production. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-cnn-based-pose-measurement-and-application-3upb0hl7.png Fig. 7: CNN-based pose measurement and application. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-general-procedure-of-lane-detection-3gyfx53v.png Fig. 4: General procedure of lane detection. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-related-fields-and-technologies-of-visual-2odty4yj.png TABLE I: Summary of related fields and technologies of visual perception applications introduced in this survey https://scispace.com/papers/visual-metaphtonymy-in-automobile-femvertising-4f7o1mvnzw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-logo-for-car-is-fingernails-for-woman-3cfv9d5g.png Figure 4: (LOGO FOR) CAR IS (FINGERNAILS FOR) WOMAN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-steering-wheel-for-car-is-tattooed-hands-for-woman-2s8xccf6.png Figure 9: (STEERING WHEEL FOR) CAR IS (TATTOOED HANDS FOR) WOMAN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-kia-ad-kia-aljabr-2017-3g01iyk2.png Figure 3: The Kia ad (Kia aljabr 2017) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-volkswagen-ad-volkswagen-middle-east-2017-3ixh3i39.png Figure 7: The Volkswagen ad (Volkswagen Middle East 2017) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-key-for-car-is-accessories-for-woman-39s59cdy.png Figure 6: (KEY FOR) CAR IS (ACCESSORIES FOR) WOMAN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-ford-ad-ford-middle-east-2017-2wmnv7p2.png Figure 1: The Ford Ad (Ford Middle East 2017) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-jaguar-ad-jaguar-mena-2017-1yl3kbj1.png Figure 5: The Jaguar ad (Jaguar MENA 2017) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rearview-mirror-for-car-is-eyelashes-for-woman-3rxvbk9m.png Figure 2: (REARVIEW MIRROR FOR) CAR IS (EYELASHES FOR) WOMAN https://scispace.com/papers/visual-query-expansion-with-or-without-geometry-refining-3nkzmu8yjg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sample-reliable-images-and-features-assigned-to-2zqe13aq.png Figure 4: Sample reliable images and features assigned to reliable visual words, when geometry is not used. Left: Query image. Top: Features assigned to reliable visual words that appear in the query image. Bottom: Features in the set of augmented visual words. Note: we only show a subsample of the actual reliable visual words. Each color represents a distinct visual word. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-performance-comparison-with-state-of-the-art-methods-2x5rexng.png Table 6: Performance comparison with state-of-the-art methods on Oxford5k, Paris6k and Oxford105k. The standard deviation is obtained from 5 measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-oxford5k-dataset-summary-of-the-number-of-ground-1u7slqgn.png Table 4: Oxford5k dataset: Summary of the number of ground truth images, the number of reliable images and the performance for HE, HQE and HQE with spatial matching. We report the average value of |LQ| per building, i.e., the number of automatically detected reliable images in the short-list of 100 top-ranked ones. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-more-features-performance-comparison-on-oxford5k-kua8kp4k.png Table 5: More features: Performance comparison on Oxford5k using lower detector threshold values, i.e., larger sets of local features. Binary signatures of 128 bits are used. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-average-precision-for-separate-components-2jnhyoo2.png Table 2: Mean average precision for separate components comprising the proposed method. Initial method is the original Hamming Embedding without weights. W=weighting similarities. MA=multiple assignment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-impact-of-the-vocabulary-size-on-the-performance-of-2el5xnd0.png Figure 8: Impact of the vocabulary size on the performance of HE, HQE and HQE with spatial matching. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-and-average-query-size-q-for-the-34vv2mxa.png Table 3: Performance and average query size |Q| for the baseline HE, HQE and the use of the same expanded query before aggregation (HQE/b.a.). Note that the aggregation procedure is a key step: not only it significantly reduces the complexity (number of features), but it also improves the performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-impact-of-a-performance-of-hqe-when-varying-the-188naytq.png Figure 7: Impact of α. Performance of HQE when varying the number of new visual words in the expanded query. https://scispace.com/papers/visual-representation-of-emotion-in-manga-loss-of-control-is-42b2vappka 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-521-4-tomo-is-not-considered-as-suffering-hl-despite-2ob3d37m.png Fig. 5: 521.4 – Tomo is not considered as suffering HL,despite some emotional context, as her hands are invisible. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-511-5-chiyo-chan-is-shocked-by-yukaris-untrue-message-2uu9ovbv.png Fig. 10: 511.5 – Chiyo-Chan is shocked by Yukari’s (untrue) message that the school trip has been cancelled. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-533-8-chiyo-chan-is-horrified-and-concerned-about-2shnjy5u.png Fig. 19: 533.8 – Chiyo-Chan is horrified and concerned about Osaka’s cruelty to the animals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hl-in-azumanga-daioh-vol-4-the-no-hv-hl-row-lmvbizv4.png Table 1: HL in Azumanga Daioh, vol. 4. The ‘no HV/HL’ row enumerates the cases where a character is visually present in the panel, but her hands (or absence-of-hands) are hidden from view (i.e., outside the frame, invisible behind an object or text balloon). The ‘HV+HL’ row enumerates the “hands visible” and “hand loss” cases combined. The numbers in this row are split in the next two rows: the ‘HV’ row enumerates all “hands visible” cases, while the ‘HL’ row enumerates all hand loss cases. Only attestable cases have been counted. HL was counted if at least one hand of a character displayed the feature. If a character occurred more than once in a panel, HL was counted only once. Both authors counted independently, per character (6) in the two conditions of ‘character visible’ and ‘no HV/HL’ in each of the 18 parts. In only 5 of the 216 (6x2x18) situations our counts diverged by more than two. These latter cases were resolved by discussion; in the case of a difference of two or one we averaged between our counts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-532-6-an-example-of-sakaki-retaining-her-hands-1up8y4c9.png Fig. 16: 532.6 – An example of Sakaki retaining her hands despite being subject to strong emotions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-types-of-hl-of-the-six-protagonists-in-the-1257-ps17sz1v.png Table 2: Types of HL of the six protagonists in the 1257 panels in vol. 4 of. Azumanga Daioh. The authors counted separately, and agreed on all cases of HL. Only four of the 104 attributions to “type” (all related to Tomo) had to be resolved after discussion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-page-628-key-to-read-the-coding-of-figures-in-panels-s8jhce3q.png Fig. 1: Page 628 – Key to read the coding of figures in panels: ‘page number – panel number – character number’. Thus 628.4.3 is page 628, panel 4, third character from the right; (reading right to left as in Japanese). If there is no number after the panel number then there is only one depiction of HL in the panel. https://scispace.com/papers/visual-sample-plan-version-2-0-user-s-guide-54vm5xtvnt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-decision-performance-graph-for-one-sided-95-2txqy0nj.png Figure 4.4. Decision Performance Graph for One-Sided 95% Confidence Interval https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-12-mqo-method-comparison-chart-6hrahxnh.png Figure 5.12. MQO Method Comparison Chart https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-11-display-of-cost-comparison-for-method-a-and-34tpzkzr.png Figure 5.11. Display of Cost Comparison for Method A and Method B from MQO Module https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-24-examples-of-combinations-of-initial-and-follow-3sx6u43c.png Figure 3.24. Examples of Combinations of Initial and Follow-Up Samples from Adaptive Cluster Sampling, with Dialog Box for Grid Size and Follow-Up Samples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-25-design-dialog-for-confidence-interval-on-the-33iwjwqd.png Figure 3.25. Design Dialog for Confidence Interval on the Mean https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-7-data-input-dialog-for-sequential-probability-2q0b7ckb.png Figure 3.7. Data Input Dialog for Sequential Probability Ratio Test and Results from First Round of Sampling. Map View is shown in insert. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-10-contd-1z3r1pfw.png Figure 4.10. (contd) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-6-example-of-marssim-room-with-ceiling-option-veumak8b.png Figure 2.6. Example of MARSSIM Room with Ceiling Option Selected https://scispace.com/papers/visual-robot-detection-in-robocup-using-neural-networks-5fj8h2n3r7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-data-flow-from-image-to-recognition-result-izmbjopp.png Fig. 1. Data-flow from image to recognition result. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sub-images-to-check-for-black-blobs-1yp0ppoj.png Fig. 3. Sub-images to check for black blobs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-problems-with-the-position-detection-of-color-blobs-2wijgs7h.png Fig. 2. Problems with the position-detection of color-blobs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-results-using-the-different-attention-control-38iftu6f.png Fig. 5. Results using the different attention control algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-nine-orientation-histograms-for-one-robot-2rk5c5wp.png Fig. 4. Nine orientation histograms for one robot. https://scispace.com/papers/visual-servoing-in-robotics-scheme-using-a-camera-laser-44ovct2pd6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-image-processing-module-3lwtwwde.png Figure Image processing module https://scispace.com/figures/figure-visual-servoing-2ezjpirg.png Figure Visual servoing https://scispace.com/papers/visual-traffic-jam-analysis-based-on-trajectory-data-57g67pjy84 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-graph-icon-shows-concise-information-of-a-zyt74ly1.png Fig. 6. The graph icon shows concise information of a propagation graph, including the start/end time, the spatial propagation path, the size in terms of the number of events, the time span, and the total distance. It also indicates the highlight state and pin state of the graph. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-date-and-time-histogram-in-absolute-mode-a-and-2zzhxe1r.png Fig. 7. Date and time histogram in absolute mode (a) and relative mode (b). The temporal information of the highlighted propagation graph is marked. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-in-beijing-different-roads-have-different-traffic-c3u6zg7x.png Fig. 8. (a) In Beijing, different roads have different traffic patterns. (b) The main road in the North 3rd Ring is regularly congested at weekdays in the morning and afternoon. (c) This road is beside two primary schools, it is also congested at weekdays, but usually before 7:30am, when parents send their children to school. (d,e) The two directions of the tunnel just outside Beijing West Station congest at different times, one only in the morning, one only in the afternoon. (f) The road besides the new National Exhibition Center at Shunyi is congested when there are exhibitions. (g) The Airport Express is occasionally congested by unpredictable incidents. (h) The road to the east of Beijing Worker’s Stadium is regularly congested at the night of Friday and Saturday. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-traffic-congestion-propagation-graph-pattern-in-imos55g8.png Fig. 10. Traffic congestion propagation graph pattern in Wanquanhe bridge. (a) Propagations in the morning of each day: blank glyph for no congestion propagation on that day, no glyph for missing data. (a inset) Road network around Wangquanhe bridge. (b) Speed view of the green road segment on the bridge. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-traffic-congestion-propagation-and-speed-of-road-210e9moj.png Fig. 9. Traffic congestion propagation and speed of road segments. (a) Congestion propagation in Lianhua Bridge on the West 3rd Ring of Beijing. (b) Congestion propagation in the Badaling highway intersection on the North 5th Ring of Beijing, where the red lines indicates the connection points of road segments. (c) Speed of road segments in (a). (d) Speed of road segments in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-map-matching-produces-many-errors-if-we-do-not-3o8phvtm.png Fig. 4. The map matching produces many errors, if we do not allow unmatch. One example is the red trajectory segment from sampling point A to B matching to a long blue path. This is due to missing roads. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-left-stops-removed-by-f6-with-each-sampling-point-1wzjuhni.png Fig. 3. (left) Stops removed by F6, with each sampling point represented by a red dot. (right) One stop with the sampling points connected by red lines. It spans 97min, and seems to oscillate due to GPS drift. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-work-flow-of-our-system-in-the-preprocessing-step-esvng6x4.png Fig. 2. The work flow of our system. In the preprocessing step, we extract traffic jam data from GPS trajectories and a road network. In the visual exploration step, we analyze the extracted traffic jams and their propagation. https://scispace.com/papers/visualising-reactive-oxygen-species-in-live-mammals-and-3jt9g61ufn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-images-of-the-frontal-abdominal-interior-wall-of-2v2kj5fu.png Figure 4. Images of the frontal abdominal interior wall of male SD rats whose 28  abdominal walls were excised. SD rats linea alba (D) and other sites (E-H) of in-vitro 29  abdominal wall was linked to xiphoid and symphysis pubis of body with a copper 30  conductor (A). The other SD rat linea alba of in-vitro abdominal wall was unlinked 31  (C). Strong fluorescent signals of ROS (D) and current (B) of the rat linea alba linked 32  with the copper conductor could be detected, implying that the emergence of the 33  fluorescence depends on electron transmission. ROS were detected in living cells by 34  the DCFH-DA fluorescent probe at excitation/emission wavelengths of 488/525 nm 35  (green). 36 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-immunohistochemical-staining-of-linea-alba-in-the-gzukkj5q.png Figure 3. Immunohistochemical staining of linea alba in the Cynomolgus monkey. 22  Visualizing the distribution of ROS (A), cell nuclei (B), collagen (C). Transmission 23  electron microscopic (TEM) image of the fluorescent tissue showing the distribution 24  of collagen (E). The results confirmed that the fluorescence from the connective 25  tissues coincided with the collagen fibers. 26 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-images-of-the-frontal-abdominal-interior-wall-of-a-2ize8v5y.png Figure 2. Images of the frontal abdominal interior wall of a male SD rat whose 14  abdominal wall was incised (A). 30 minutes after the injection of 1 ml of DCFH-DA 15  solution (5 mg in 1 ml dimethyl sulfoxide) through the tail vein (B, D and F). 16  Histological cross-sectional biopsy samples (C, E and G) from the area of the linea 17  alba of the frontal abdominal wall. ROS were detected in living cells by the 18  DCFH-DA fluorescent probe at excitation/emission wavelengths of 488/525 nm 19  (green). 20 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-fluorescent-dyes-dcfh-da-and-mitosox-were-1oqb2z4y.png Figure 1. The fluorescent dyes, DCFH-DA and MitoSOX, were injected into 4  Cynomolgus monkeys through the venae saphena parva. Flourescence was observed 5  in regions of facial fascia (A and B), pericardium (C and D), linea alba (E and F), dura 6  mater (G and H), back aponeurosis (I and I), perineal central tendon (K and L) and 7  other body parts with dense connective tissues. The exciting light was generated by an 8  UltraFire MCU WF-1200L lamp through a band-pass filter of 488 nm for DCFH-DA 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-monitoring-the-current-between-xiphoid-and-3t9oji1o.png Figure 5. Monitoring the current between xiphoid and symphysis pubis of C57BL/6 38  mice (group cpYFP-) and C57BL6-TgH(mito-cpYFP) mice (group cpYFP+ and 39  group cpYFP+H2O2). An hour later, 300 μl deionized water (group cpYFP- and 40  group cpYFP+) or 10 mM H2O2 (group cpYFP+H2O2) drops were dripped on liver. 41 https://scispace.com/papers/visualisation-of-the-distribution-of-minerals-in-red-non-30kr4z7jgt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-quantitative-visualisation-with-concentration-2lixwxs0.png Figure 1: Quantitative visualisation, with concentration scales units mg/100 g, of the mineral distribution in a representative grain of red non-tannin Tadesse finger millet cut longitudinally. *Elemental map of K for Padet finger millet. https://scispace.com/papers/visualisation-of-time-variant-respiratory-system-elastance-2tkkw4puet 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-edrs-surface-across-a-normalised-breath-during-a-rm-3hp93f41.png Figure 1: Edrs surface across a normalised breath during a RM for two lavage ARDS piglets. https://scispace.com/papers/visualization-and-analysis-of-muzzle-flow-fields-using-the-17f1w3ajly 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-precursor-flow-at-t-66-us-1-7-see-legend-figure-7-3u6w7l6r.png Fig. 8: Precursor flow at t =−66 µs, 1-7: see legend figure 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-precursor-flow-at-t-200-us-1-the-precursor-blast-wave-j0mdpe11.png Fig. 7: Precursor flow at t =−200 µs, 1: the precursor blast wave 2: the contact surface 3: the Mach disk 4: the barrel shock 5: the vortex ring - 6: the Prandtl-Meyer expansion fan 7: the muzzle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-main-propellant-flow-development-at-166-us-1-6-see-17o447yf.png Fig. 14: Main propellant flow development at 166 µs, 1−6: see legend figure 13. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-main-propellant-flow-development-at-300-us-1-6-see-c28ithwg.png Fig. 15: Main propellant flow development at 300 µs 1−6: see legend figure 13 7: the barrel shock 8 the Mach disk https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-vertical-displacements-at-t-0-133-us-arrrka6c.png Fig. 6: Vertical displacements at t = 0.133 µs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-main-propellant-flow-development-at-100-us-1-5-see-33sebrus.png Fig. 12: Main propellant flow development at 100 µs, 1-5: see legend figure 11. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-main-propellant-flow-development-at-133-us-1-5-see-ogl9x4e7.png Fig. 13: Main propellant flow development at 133 µs. 1−5: see legend figure 11 6: the bow shock. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-main-propellant-flow-development-at-66-us-1-the-37ih3jb1.png Fig. 11: Main propellant flow development at 66 µs, 1: the precursor blast wave 2: the projectile 3: the propellant gas 4: the main blast wave 5: the muzzle https://scispace.com/papers/visualization-in-cryogenic-environment-application-to-two-2kklycynl6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-view-of-the-bubbles-size-versus-the-gravity-level-1xutq3yp.png Fig. 9. A view of the bubbles size versus the gravity level for a heat flux of 1 W/cm². we can see that the bubble size increases when gravity level decreases https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-computed-total-scattered-intensity-for-several-angles-11fmogsl.png Fig. 19. Computed total scattered intensity for several angles as a function of average number of collisions. The straight line is the extrapolation of the single scattering regime for θ= π/4 (See reference 19) for explanations). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-the-lhe-ghe-spray-under-similar-condition-left-as-1jpg5gm9.png Fig. 20. The LHe/GHe spray under similar condition -left as viewed at θ∼4°, -right at θ∼45°. (See 19) for explanations). Exposure times are different (0.1 ms and 10 ms). Scale is approximately 1.5:1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-optical-cryostat-used-in-superfluid-helium-with-leak-lc8v0yxm.png Fig. 1. Optical cryostat used in superfluid helium with leak tight viewports and lighting system using lamps. The last two photographs showing a helium level are records from a CCD camera located in the outer vacuum vessel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-total-optical-cross-section-of-helium-droplets-2x1pj5w2.png Fig. 10. Total optical cross section of helium droplets divided by their geometric cross-section. The three optical regimes (Rayleigh, Rayleigh-Gans and geometric optics) are shown with corresponding asymptotic behaviors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-scattered-intensity-of-a-laser-beam-traversing-the-okxlvkjg.png Fig. 16. Scattered intensity of a laser beam traversing the spray for increasing input powers (or increasing vapor velocities) (logarithmic gray scale): (a) 0 W (background); (b) 60W ; (c), (d), (e) with background subtracted for 60, 86 and 108 W. (See ref. 18) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-angular-dependence-of-scattered-light-in-the-cryoloop-1annoizi.png Fig. 17. Angular dependence of scattered light in the cryoloop experiment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-scheme-showing-the-widening-of-the-beam-due-to-2j4daagr.png Fig. 18. Scheme showing the widening of the beam due to multiple scattering and a rare scattering event at a large angle. https://scispace.com/papers/visualization-methods-for-sharing-knowledge-pieces-and-2jsvr9iiq6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-three-school-behaviors-pa60qffn.png Fig. 1. Three school behaviors https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-snapshots-of-visualization-of-complex-diagrams-25g8wg9r.png Fig. 6. Snapshots of visualization of complex diagrams https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-visualization-of-clustered-pieces-2xvgst56.png Fig. 2. Visualization of clustered pieces https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-our-model-of-a-complicated-structure-this-diagram-can-2wxf36wy.png Fig. 4. Our model of a complicated structure: This diagram can represent clusters of nodes, directed and undirected relationships among nodes, layered layout of each element from outside to core, relationships between edges and so on. Therefore, this diagram model is so general and so it is effective to represent structures among knowledge pieces and relationships in an office or a member. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-examples-of-diagrams-in-the-biology-qcdq9sy8.png Fig. 3. Examples of diagrams in the biology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-criterion-for-clarifying-flows-around-a-node-1i61wfdt.png Fig. 5. Criterion for clarifying flows around a node https://scispace.com/papers/visualization-of-dynamic-noise-current-distribution-from-si-4edal1k000 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-double-pulse-test-time-35gfwnsf.png Fig. 4. Double-pulse test. Time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-time-variation-of-noise-current-intensity-21fszohc.png Fig. 12. Time variation of noise current intensity distribution in swiching operation based on the developed evaluation system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-test-setup-for-evaluating-dynamic-near-magnetic-field-2lgbrgna.png Fig. 1. Test setup for evaluating dynamic near magnetic field. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-test-condition-of-double-pulse-test-3pji2zkc.png TABLE I. TEST CONDITION OF DOUBLE-PULSE TEST https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-c-v-charctaeristics-of-the-si-and-sic-power-devices-l060vuin.png Fig. 3. C-V charctaeristics of the Si and SiC power devices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scaning-acoustic-tomography-observation-of-the-studied-1scp4ta0.png Fig. 2. Scaning acoustic tomography observation of the studied transistor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-turn-off-charctaeristics-of-si-and-sic-power-2p5i284r.png Fig. 5. Turn-off charctaeristics of Si and SiC power transistors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-turn-on-charctaeristics-of-si-and-sic-power-18zbraot.png Fig. 6. Turn-on charctaeristics of Si and SiC power transistors. https://scispace.com/papers/visualization-of-heterogeneous-data-1jpj7xk3az 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-timeline-of-manned-spaceflight-the-data-is-extracted-3qsu0w7e.png Fig. 3. A timeline of manned spaceflight. The data is extracted automatically from dbpedia and then displayed using the SIMILE timeline widget [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-map-marking-states-with-their-senators-based-on-data-2w96q6px.png Fig. 2. A map marking states with their senators, based on data automatically extracted from dbpedia. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-senators-for-whom-correct-geocoordinates-nn5now97.png Table 1. Number of senators for whom correct geocoordinates are obtained as successive heuristics are enabled. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-scatterplot-of-inflation-versus-gdp-for-countries-in-106ibq5a.png Fig. 4. A scatterplot of inflation versus GDP for countries in the dbpedia data, drawn using the dōjō [1] charting widget. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-node-link-diagram-depicting-the-citation-19sp9kpi.png Fig. 5. A node-link diagram depicting the citation relationships among a set of papers. The diagram uses an attribute-based graph layout governed by papers’ publication date and citation count. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-version-of-the-senators-map-annotated-with-1vd39ps2.png Fig. 6. A version of the senators map annotated with confidence scores. The bar beneath each item encodes the aggregate score for its fields, with short red bars for low scores and wide green bars for high scores. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-small-portion-of-the-dbpedia-rdf-graph-illustrating-13cfdtry.png Fig. 1. A small portion of the dbpedia RDF graph illustrating the heterogeneity of representations for people and places. Each box in the diagram depicts an object and several of its literal valued attributes. Associations between objects are shown by arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-valid-paths-found-for-each-of-the-dbpedia-examples-19lrdot0.png Table 2. Valid paths found for each of the dbpedia examples and the number of object instances that used each path. https://scispace.com/papers/visualization-of-two-architectures-in-class-ii-cap-dependent-7uoj0ew5xl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hypothesized-mechanism-of-transcription-activation-on-y49a3380.png Fig 4. Hypothesized mechanism of transcription activation on class-II promoters. A schematic cartoon model of CAP activating transcription on class-II DNA promoters is presented. When the CAP dimer interacts with RNAP holoenzyme and the class-II DNA promoter, it may either induce conformational changes in RNAP and consequently significantly widen the main cleft to form a state 1 architecture or stabilize the naturally occurred intermediate, which might facilitate the DNA promoter entering into the main cleft. The complex at the state 1 can convert to the one with the state 2 architecture that contains narrow main cleft during the formation of the RPo. With transcription initiation and the synthesis of RNA transcript, all the complexes with different states would convert to the ones with the state 2 architecture. The colored arrows in the rectangle indicate the individual movement directions. CAP, cAMP receptor protein; NTP, nucleoside triphosphate; RNAP, RNA polymerase; RPinit, RNAP-initiation complex; RPo, RNAP-promoter open complex. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cryo-em-reconstructions-of-the-class-ii-cap-tac-3ks0esdw.png Fig 1. Cryo-EM reconstructions of the class-II CAP-TAC without RNA transcript. (A) Schematic representation of the synthetic promoter DNA scaffold (78 bp) in the class-II CAP-TAC. (B-C) Overviews of the cryo-EM reconstruction maps of the E. coli class-II CAP-TAC without RNA transcript at 4.5 Å (B, state 1) and 4.3 Å (C, state 2) resolutions, respectively. The individually colored density maps, created by color zone, split in Chimera, and shown in a contour of 8 root-mean-square (RMS), are displayed in transparent surface representation to allow visualization of all the components of the complex. CAP-TAC, CAP-dependent transcription activation complex; cryo-EM, cryo–electron microscopy; NCR, non-conserved region; NT, non-template; αCTD, carboxyl-terminal domain of the alpha subunit; αNTD, aminoterminal domain of the alpha subunit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-structural-comparisons-reveal-conformational-changes-248tdic6.png Fig 2. Structural comparisons reveal conformational changes in RNAP. (A) Superimposition of the state 1 CAP-TAC with the previous RPo (PDB 6CA0) [21] via the σ2 and σ3 domains of σ70. The components are shown in pipes and planks representation. The state 1 and RPo structures are shown in orange and cyan, respectively, except for dark gray (state 1) and light gray (RPo) DNAs. (B) The close-up views of the main cleft along two directions. The DNA promoter from RPo and all the σ70 proteins are omitted for clear representation. The movement directions and maximal distances of the secondary structures in the domains surrounding the main cleft are labeled using magenta arrows and specific values, respectively. (C) Superimposition between the state 1 (orange and dark gray) and state 2 (cyan and light gray) CAP-TAC without RNA transcript via the σ2 and σ3 domains of σ70. CAP-TAC, CAP-dependent transcription activation complex; NCR, non-conserved region; NTP, nucleoside triphosphate; PDB, Protein Data Bank; RNAP, RNA polymerase; RPo, RNAP-promoter open complex; SI1, sequence insertion 1; αNTD, amino-terminal domain of the alpha subunit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cryo-em-reconstruction-of-the-class-ii-cap-tac-with-de-lz13k081.png Fig 3. Cryo-EM reconstruction of the class-II CAP-TAC with de novo RNA transcript. (A) Overview of the cryo-EM reconstruction map of the E. coli class-II CAP-TAC with RNA transcript at 4.4 Å resolution and the state 2 architecture. The color schemes for the split density maps (8 RMS) and the docked components are same as in Fig 1. (B) A close-up view of the promoter DNA scaffold in the complex. The insert is the zoom-in view of the DNA-RNA hybrid region with the magenta Mg2+ sphere. A de novo synthesized RNA transcript (3-nucleotide) starting from the −1 position with a GTP residue is displayed. CAP-TAC, CAP-dependent transcription activation complex; cryo-EM, cryo–electron microscopy; NCR, non-conserved region; RMS, root-mean-square. https://scispace.com/papers/visualization-of-vapor-formation-regimes-during-capillary-55ci7co4sw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-thermal-characterization-test-results-2i38wgzj.png Table 1. Summary of the thermal characterization test results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-baseline-homogeneous-sintered-139iklja.png Figure 4. Comparison of the baseline homogeneous sintered powder sample H:0, against a CNT-coated homogeneous sample H:1 with a (a) boiling curve, and (b) thermal resistance as a function of input heat flux. Input heat flux uncertainty bars are not shown but are universally less than ±5%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-side-view-and-b-plan-view-cross-sections-of-the-2atso677.png Figure 3. (a) Side-view and (b) plan-view cross sections of the capillary-fed boiling experimental facility test chamber, and (c) detailed illustration of the copper heater block temperature measurements used to determine the input heat flux and substrate temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-schematic-diagram-of-typical-vapor-formation-3mb99nyj.png Figure 8. Schematic diagram of typical vapor formation regimes along the boiling curve for homogeneous sintered powder wicks. Expected modifications to the curve and regimes induced by CNT-coating are shown as dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-grid-patterned-sintered-powder-sample-2m8nwxb1.png Figure 7. Comparison of grid-patterned sintered powder sample G:0, against CNT-coated grid-patterned sample G:1, with a (a) boiling curve, and (b) thermal resistance as a function of input heat flux. The baseline homogeneous sintered-powder sample H:0 is also shown. Input heat flux uncertainty bars are not shown but are universally less than ±5%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-schematic-diagram-of-typical-vapor-formation-2vl9m1z8.png Figure 9. Schematic diagram of typical vapor formation regimes along the boiling curve for patterned sintered powder wicks. Expected modifications to the curve and regimes induced by CNT-coating are shown as dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dimensions-of-the-a-homogeneous-b-grid-patterned-2y8y79kv.png Figure 2. Dimensions of the (a) homogeneous, (b) grid-patterned, and (c) wedge-patterned sintered copper powder microwick layers. All dimensions are shown in mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-series-of-a-images-and-b-diagrammatic-2dvo7nm1.png Figure 10. Series of (a) images and (b) diagrammatic representations of film boiling from the grid-patterned sintered powder wick G:1 at 352 W cm-2. The images are extracted from video recorded at 10,000 fps (video is provided as Supplementary data). https://scispace.com/papers/visualized-iec-interactive-evolutionary-computation-with-2ybcfzj3k5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-user-interface-of-the-visualized-iec-for-speech-2rdla1gv.png Figure 7: User interface of the Visualized IEC for speech processing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-distribution-of-room-lighting-parameters-mapped-on-f8ll6fas.png Figure 8: Distribution of room lighting parameters mapped on 2-D space and corresponding CG lighting expression for night scenes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-projection-image-from-an-n-d-space-to-a-2-d-space-8gx45uhk.png Figure 1: Projection image from an n-D space to a 2-D space while keeping the topological relationships among data samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-diagrams-of-iec-upper-and-visualized-iec-lower-2q1wwsgh.png Figure 2: Diagrams of IEC (upper) and Visualized IEC (lower). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-modified-schaffers-second-function-given-1vnqt80z.png Figure 4: Modified Schaffer’s second function given https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-example-image-of-the-mapped-2-d-space-of-40-1v65etbr.png Figure 5: The example image of the mapped 2-D space of 40 individuals (= 20 individuals × 2 generations) in the second generation and some individuals created by a user. Original interface distinguishes individuals with color. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-experimental-system-of-the-visualized-ga-ga-3t8w622e.png Figure 3: Experimental system of the Visualized GA. GA determines the coordinate of the minimum value of the Schaffer’s second function, and the difference of the function output and the minimum value is fed-back into the GA as a fitness value. The human operator visually selects a possible global optimum in the mapped 2-D space and sends it to the GA as a new possible parent. Self-organizing map is used to map individuals from an n-D space to a 2-D space. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-conditions-of-ga-and-som-2273o5vq.png Table 1: Experimental conditions of GA and SOM. https://scispace.com/papers/visualizing-electrostatic-gating-effects-in-two-dimensional-2m63si05da 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-visualizing-electrostatic-gating-of-monolayer-18ekoo4a.png Figure 1. Visualizing electrostatic gating of monolayer graphene. (a) Schematic of a 2D 19 heterostructure device with a stack comprising graphene encapsulated by BN on a graphite back gate. 20 Photoemission is measured with a focused micron-size X-ray beam spot (see Methods). The graphene 21 is grounded while a gate voltage 𝑉𝐺 is applied to the gate. (b) Optical image of a device mounted in a 22 standard dual in-line package. (c) Optical zoom on the dotted box in (b) showing the stack, and (d) 23 scanning photoemission microscopy (SPEM) image of the same area (scale bar, 50 µm). (e) Energy-24 momentum slices near the graphene K-point, along the red line in the inset Brillouin zone, at the 25 labelled gate voltages. The dashed lines are linear dispersion fits; the Dirac point energy 𝐸𝐷 is deduced 26 from their crossing point (scale bars, 0.2 Å-1). (f) Gate dependence of 𝐸𝐷, with error bars obtained from 27 the fitting procedure. The solid line is a fit based on the dispersion of graphene, with the gate-induced 28 electron density 𝑛𝐺 shown on the top axis calculated from the capacitance (see Methods). 29 30 We first demonstrate gate-doping of monolayer graphene. A graphene sheet is capped by 31 monolayer hexagonal boron nitride (BN), supported on a BN flake over a graphite gate (Fig. 1a), and 32 located in a gap between two platinum electrodes on an SiO2/Si substrate chip (Figs. 1b and 1c; see 33 Methods). A similar structure with two contacts to the graphene would function as a high-mobility 34 transistor26. Scanning photoemission microscopy (SPEM) is used to locate the sample in the ARPES 35 chamber (Fig. 1d; see Methods). Fig. 1e shows energy, 𝐸 − 𝐸𝐹, vs momentum for a slice through the 36 Dirac cone near the graphene zone corner 𝐊, acquired at a series of gate voltages 𝑉𝐺 at 105 K. As 37 expected, the Dirac point energy 𝐸𝐷 shifts from above the Fermi level 𝐸𝐹 at 𝑉𝐺 = -5 V to below 𝐸𝐹 at 38 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-renormalization-of-the-band-gap-and-comparison-with-1q53tkww.png Figure 4. Renormalization of the band gap and comparison with optical spectroscopy. (a) Energy-14 momentum slices along 𝚪-𝐊 for monolayer WSe2 in Device 1 at a series of 𝑉𝐺 , with doping 𝑛𝐺 also 15 shown (scale bar, 0.3 Å-1). The intensity in the dashed box is multiplied by 20 at +2.05 V and by 40 at 16 higher 𝑉𝐺. The definition of the band gap, 𝐸𝑔, is indicated. (b) Band gap dependence on 𝑛𝐺 for Device 17 1 (red) and also Device 3 (𝑑𝐵𝑁 = 24.5 ± 0.5 nm, solid black circles) at 100 K. Also plotted (black open 18 circles) are the photoluminescence peak positions for the neutral exciton (𝑋0) and negative trion (𝑋−) 19 in Device 3 at the same temperature. The inset shows the photoluminescence data, with an impurity-20 bound exciton peak XI also labelled. The points plotted at 𝑛𝐺 = 0 are measurements of the band gap 21 from other techniques taken from the literature: STS120 (purple triangle) and STS221 (pink triangle) are 22 from scanning tunnelling spectroscopy measurements, on graphite at T= 4.5 K and 77 K respectively; 23 2ph (brown square) is from two-photon absorption22, on SiO2 at 300 K; ARIPES (black open square) is 24 from inverse photoemission23, on sapphire at 300 K; and Magex (green solid square) is from magneto-25 optical measurements24, encapsulated in BN at 4 K. 26 27 Figure 4a shows spectra from monolayer WSe2 Device 1 at 𝑉𝐺 = 0 (for reference) and at selected 28 gate voltages well above threshold (about +1.5 V). In this regime we derive the gate doping 𝑛𝐺, also 29 shown, from the gate capacitance and threshold voltage (see Methods). The CBE becomes visible at 30 𝐊 for 𝑛𝐺 > ~10 12 cm-2 and at 𝐐 for 𝑛𝐺 > ~10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-electrostatic-gating-of-monolayer-wse2-each-328u443n.png Figure 3. Electrostatic gating of monolayer WSe2. Each vertical strip is an energy-momentum slice, 0.6 20 Å-1 wide, through 𝚪 in WSe2 Device 2 (𝑑ℎ𝐵𝑁 = 6.0 ± 0.5 nm) measured at the gate voltage shown on 21 the bottom axis. Δ𝐸Γ is the photoelectron kinetic energy measured relative to the Γ-point maximum at 22 𝑉𝐺 = 0. The dashed line has slope −1/𝑒. Above left is a device schematic indicating the photoemission 23 current 𝐼𝑃𝐸 from the beam spot, current 𝐼𝐶 from the graphene contact, and current 𝐼𝐺 from the gate 24 through the BN due to photoconductivity. The schematic band diagrams indicate the situations at the 25 gate voltages labelled A-E. The gray rectangle is the graphene Fermi sea, the blue lines are the WSe2 26 conduction and valence band edges, and the smaller arrows indicate when 𝐼𝐺 and 𝐼𝐶 are significant. 27 28 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-layer-number-dependent-conduction-band-edge-cbe-in-1lwsofky.png Figure 2. Layer-number dependent conduction band edge (CBE) in WSe2. (a) Schematic of a device 24 incorporating a WSe2 flake, with overlapping graphene top contact grounded and gate voltage 𝑉𝐺 25 applied to the graphite back gate. (b) Optical and (c) SPEM images of WSe2 Device 1 (𝑑𝐵𝑁 = 7.4 ± 0.5 26 nm), with monolayer, bilayer and trilayer regions identified (scale bars, 5 µm). (d)-(f) Energy-27 momentum slices along 𝚪 − 𝐊 for 1L, 2L, and 3L regions respectively. The upper panels are at 𝑉𝐺 = 0 28 and the lower ones at 𝑉𝐺 = +3.35 𝑉. The intensity in the dashed boxes is multiplied by 20. The fuzzy 29 spots signal population of the CBE. Scale bars, 0.3 Å-1. The data have been reflected about 𝚪 to aid 30 https://scispace.com/papers/visualizing-community-centric-network-layouts-3ff7p9josr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-zacharys-karate-club-network-24g2qf59.png Figure 3: Zachary’s Karate Club Network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-of-our-modification-to-support-sized-g8vvtt6z.png Figure 1: An example of our modification to support sized vertices in the FR algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-political-books-network-3v5wp9xo.png Figure 4: Political Books Network. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-runtimes-of-each-layout-algorithm-averaged-over-10-1ml5q7j3.png Table 1: Runtimes of each layout algorithm, averaged over 10 runs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ncaa-football-network-1up4szpp.png Figure 5: NCAA Football Network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-of-generating-representative-vertices-2cc1n3pu.png Figure 2: An example of generating Representative Vertices. https://scispace.com/papers/visualizing-actin-architectures-in-cells-incubated-with-cell-4k7xf3f1mf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-serum-starved-a431-cells-incubated-for-2-5-min-with-jjg5qfdu.png Fig 4. Serum starved A431 cells incubated for 2.5 min with diluent control, 20 µM R8 or 50 nM EGF before fixing and staining with Rh-P and Hoechst. Images were acquired as described in Section 3.4. Arrow denotes R8 induced lamellapodia structure on the cell periphery. Scale bars 10 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-non-starved-or-starved-hela-cells-incubated-for-2-5-lu2o3doh.png Fig 3. Non starved or starved HeLa cells incubated for 2.5 min with diluent control, 10 or 20 µM R8 before fixing and staining with Rh-P and Hoechst. Images were acquired as described in Section 3.4. Large arrow denotes R8 induced lamellapodia structure on the leading edge of the cell. Small arrows in Merge image show R8 induced membrane protrusions/extensions in serum-starved cells. Scale bars 10 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hela-cells-on-cover-slips-were-treated-either-with-319c1xwk.png Fig 2. HeLa cells on cover slips were treated either with diluent control, 1.0 or 10 µM Cyt D for 15 min before fixing and staining with Rh-P and Hoechst. Images were acquired as described in Section 3.4. Scale bars 10 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hela-and-a431-cells-fixed-and-stained-with-rh-p-and-1gcnxsy4.png Fig 1. HeLa and A431 cells fixed and stained with Rh-P and Hoechst 33342 were imaged by confocal microscopy. The images shown represent: Maximum intensity projection (Max Proj), Basal, Cell Body and Apex (CBA) and Merge images as defined in Section 3.4. Scale bars 10 µm. https://scispace.com/papers/visualizing-heavy-fermion-formation-and-their-unconventional-16pacuqa0l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-spectroscopic-mapping-of-quasiparticle-19khvrwx.png Fig. 5. (Color online) Spectroscopic mapping of quasiparticle interference on surface A. Real space (a) and corresponding DFT (b) of conductance maps (¹200mV, 1.6 nA) at selected energies measured on surface A of CeCo(In0.9985Hg0.0015)5 at 20K. The sample was doped with 0.15% Hg to enhance scattering. This tiny impurity content does not change the thermodynamic behavior. Similar DFTs for CeCoIn5 at 70K (¹150mV, 1.5 nA) (c) and on the corresponding surface A for CeRhIn5 at 20K (¹200mV, 3.0 nA) (d) at selected energies. The arrow indicates the position of the Bragg peaks at (2 =a; 0) and (0; 2 =a). All DFTs were four-fold symmetrized (due to the four-fold crystal symmetry) to enhance the signal. The intensity is represented on a linear scale. Figure reproduced from Ref. 27. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-spectroscopic-mapping-of-quasiparticle-8d7x7izn.png Fig. 6. (Color online) Spectroscopic mapping of quasiparticle interference on surface B. Real space conductance maps (a) and their DFTs (b) at selected biases measured at T ¼ 245mK on surface B. Colorbar in (a) denotes deviation from the mean. Axes in (b) denote the Bragg orientation for all DFTs. The corners of the DFTs in (b) are ð 0:71; 0Þ2 =a, ð0; 0:71Þ2 =a. Figure reproduced from Ref. 28. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-visualizing-quasiparticle-mass-3vxd6t4h.png Fig. 7. (Color online) Visualizing quasiparticle mass enhancement. (a, b) Energy-momentum structure of the QPI bands on Surface A of CeCo(In0.9985Hg0.0015)5 at 20K extracted from line cuts (solid white lines in Figs. 5 and 6) along the atomic direction (2 =a; 0) (a) and along the zone diagonal ( =a, =a) (b). (c, d) Energy-momentum structure of the QPI bands on Surface B of CeCoIn5 at 245mK along the same two high symmetry directions. The effective mass m ¼ 34m0, 29m0, 23m0 for the three different bands (Q1, Q2, Q3) respectively is extracted from the curvature (1=4 h 2½d2E=dq2 1) of a second order polynomial fits to the QPI bands. Error bars are derived from the width of the peaks in the DFTs. (e, f ) Similar measurements performed on surface A of CeCo(In0.9985Hg0.0015)5 at 70K. (g, h) Similar measurements performed on surface A of CeRhIn5 at 20K. PSD, power spectral density. The intensity is represented on a linear scale. Figure reproduced from Refs. 27 and 28. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-tunneling-into-a-kondo-lattice-a-1px4cj2c.png Fig. 1. (Color online) Tunneling into a Kondo lattice. (a) Schematic phase diagram of heavy-fermion systems where the electronic ground state can be tuned from antiferromagnetism (AFM) with localized f-moments to a heavy Fermi liquid (HFL) with itinerant f-electrons. At low temperatures, superconductivity (SC) sets in near the quantum critical point (QCP) from a non-Fermi liquid (NFL). (b) Bare electronic bands (dashed lines) and hybridized heavy fermion bands (HF) (solid lines) displaying a direct (2v) and an indirect ( h) hybridization gaps. (c) Tunneling spectra computed from the hybridized band structure in (b) for a tunneling ratio tf=tc ¼ 0:025 showing sensitivity to the direct hybridization gap (2v). (d) Similar spectra computed with tf=tc ¼ 0:37 showing sensitivity to the indirect gap ( h). Figure partially reproduced from Ref. 27. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-hybridization-pseudogap-and-5rv6u4u3.png Fig. 8. (Color online) Hybridization, pseudogap, and superconductivity in CeCoIn5. (a) Tunneling density of states on surface A carried out at temperatures above and below Tc. (b) Similar spectra on surface B of CeCoIn5 showing the evolution of the different energy scales ( HG: hybridization gap; PG: pseudogap; SC: superconducting gap) with temperature. Spectra are offset for clarity. (c) Blow up of the superconducting gap energy scale on surface B showing the destruction of the superconducting gap in a magnetic field of H ¼ 5:7T > Hc2 while the pseudogap feature is preserved. (d) Comparison of the superconducting energy scale on the two surfaces. The spectra GðVÞ in (a) and (d) are normalized by their corresponding junction impedances GS. Figure reproduced from Ref. 28. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-evolution-of-in-gap-quasiparticle-states-11itwpdr.png Fig. 9. (Color online) Evolution of in-gap quasiparticle states approaching a step-edge. (a) Topographic image (V ¼ 100mV, I ¼ 100 pA) of surface A in CeCoIn5 showing a single unit-cell step-edge oriented at 45° to the atomic lattice. The arrows in the figure indicate the in-plane crystallographic a- and b-directions. (b) Evolution of the spectra near the step-edge: GðVÞ subtracted by the spectrum far away from the step-edge G(V; r ¼ 153Å). The locations of the spectra in (b) are plotted on (a). (c) Schematic representation of nodal superconducting quasiparticles scattering off a step-edge. (d) Zero-bias conductance G0ðrÞ subtracted by G0ðr ¼ 1Þ as a function of distance from the step edge. Line represents an exponential fit to the data, where error bars denote the standard deviation on the averaged spectra. BCS denotes the characteristic decay length obtained from the fit in (d), which is a measure of the BCS coherence length. Figure reproduced from Ref. 28. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-composite-nature-of-heavy-fermion-q3xr7kqy.png Fig. 3. (Color online) Composite nature of heavy fermion excitations in CeCo(In0.9985Hg0.0015)5. (a) Averaged tunneling spectra (¹150mV, 200 pA) measured on surface A of CeCo(In0.9985Hg0.0015)5 for different temperatures (solid lines) and on the corresponding surface A of CeRhIn5 at 20K (dashed line). Note that the CeCoIn5 sample was doped by 0.15% Hg, which does not affect the electronic properties. (b) Averaged tunneling spectra (¹150mV, 200 pA) measured on surface B of CeCo(In0.9985Hg0.0015)5 for different temperatures (solid lines) and on corresponding surface B of CeRhIn5 at 20K (dashed line). (c, d) Tunneling spectra computed for tf=tc ¼ 0:01 (c) and tf=tc ¼ 0:20 (d) for selected values of the f-component lifetime broadening f. Figure reproduced from Ref. 27. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-stm-topographies-on-cecoin5-a-constant-2ltpkk8v.png Fig. 2. (Color online) STM topographies on CeCoIn5. (a) Constant current topographic image (+200mV, 200 pA) showing an atomically ordered surface (termed surface A) with a lattice constant of ³4.6Å. (b) Topographic image (¹200mV, 200 pA) showing two consecutive layers: a distinct atomically ordered surface (termed surface B, lattice constant ³4.6Å) and a reconstructed surface (termed surface C). (c) Constant current topographic image (¹150mV, 365 pA) displaying all three surfaces (the derivative of the topography is shown to enhance contrast). (d) A line cut through the different surfaces (solid line in c) showing the relative step heights compared to the bulk crystal structure. Insets in (a) and (b) show blow-ups (45 45Å2) of the three different surfaces. Figure reproduced from Ref. 27. https://scispace.com/papers/visualizing-the-history-of-living-spaces-okfd2zcz2f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-one-floor-of-the-office-space-shaded-areas-show-1t5j0mhf.png Fig. 1. Map of one floor of the office space. Shaded areas show public spaces where the sensors are installed. Locations of the six cameras are marked by small triangles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-tracklet-graph-representation-of-the-track-bundle-ow84vtqt.png Fig. 11. Tracklet graph representation of the track bundle. Each edge, called a Tracklet, represents a contiguous sequence of sensor activations, while nodes represent ambiguities and endpoints. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-example-of-crowd-movement-during-a-fire-drill-o27pxzpu.png Fig. 10. Example of crowd movement during a fire drill. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-tracklet-display-in-order-to-achieve-the-pre-s1scfp26.png Fig. 13. Tracklet display. In order to achieve the pre-attentive assessment of the multitude of tracks and direction of motion we chose an asymmetric swell as a direction cue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-selected-frames-of-the-videos-from-the-clip-bin-the-1b7qnr1m.png Fig. 9. Selected frames of the videos from the clip bin. The clips demonstrate automatic handover and tracking mechanisms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-user-interface-of-the-merl-forensic-surveillance-imgj59jr.png Fig. 14. User interface of the MERL forensic surveillance system. The interface includes an additional panel that allows for a visual graph traversal and track construction. Parts of the track where the subject is out of the view of the system are highlighted manually for illustration purposes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-human-guided-track-selection-process-using-tracklet-98bdqfcv.png Fig. 12. Human-guided track selection process using tracklet tree representation. a) Example of the selection subgraph which includes camera views available for each tracklet, as well as split/join locations where track splicing occurs. Tracklets are shown as edges of the graph passing through the camera views. b) First step of the interactive graph pruning process. One step-lookahead tracklets are presented to the operator. c) Second step of the graph pruning. d) Final track recovered. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-lapse-capture-of-the-map-control-while-displaying-9pzw0okw.png Fig. 3. Time-lapse capture of the map control while displaying movements of several people in the office space. Location and approximate number of people can be estimated instantaneously for the entire space. https://scispace.com/papers/visualizing-the-phenomena-of-wave-interference-phase-dr7273llav 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-windows-corresponding-to-each-option-selected-from-3uwml6za.png Figure 4. Windows corresponding to each option selected from the main menu (Media1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simulated-interference-patterns-resulting-from-1ge8elp3.png Figure 5. Simulated interference patterns resulting from planar and spherical wavefronts combination with different tilts, displacements of a movable mirror and laser wavelength. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-polarization-state-figures-resulting-from-different-16xo2qeo.png Figure 1. Polarization state figures resulting from different values of phase difference δ and amplitudes E E,x y. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scheme-of-a-two-wave-interferometer-with-a-probe-u3cpvdzk.png Figure 2. Scheme of a two wave interferometer with a probe object in one beam. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-two-orthogonal-waves-oscillating-along-the-x-and-y-1nsx2303.png Figure 6. Two orthogonal waves oscillating along the x and y-axis and travelling in z, with their resultant describing a polarization state depicted with a Lissajous figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-simulations-corresponding-to-linear-a-c-elliptical-3rbyz0of.png Figure 7. Simulations corresponding to linear (a)–(c), elliptical (d)–(e) and circular polarization states (f). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scheme-of-a-michelson-and-b-twyman-green-pnp4qaef.png Figure 3. Scheme of (a) Michelson and (b) Twyman–Green interferometer. https://scispace.com/papers/visualizing-the-invisible-estimating-the-new-keynesian-4zdtk8hhu7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-nkog-estimate-along-with-two-real-time-1gihbh67.png Figure 6: the NKOG estimate along with two real time estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prior-and-posterior-distributions-of-parameters-1hkfshtq.png Table 2: prior and posterior distributions of parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-demeaned-labor-income-share-and-smoothed-nkog-28gk9k3n.png Figure 4: demeaned labor income share and smoothed NKOG. Shaded areas correspond with NBER recession dates https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prior-distributions-of-parameters-24b5v97l.png Table 1: prior distributions of parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-posterior-distributions-of-parameters-robustness-km42sn7h.png Table 3: posterior distributions of parameters - robustness checks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hp-ltered-gdp-and-estimated-nkog-shaded-areas-33rggf81.png Figure 2: HP- ltered GDP and estimated NKOG. Shaded areas correspond with NBER recession dates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-linearly-and-quadratically-detrended-gdp-and-3hraz5b7.png Figure 1: linearly and quadratically detrended GDP and estimated NKOG. Shaded areas correspond with NBER recession dates https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-nkog-and-revision-statistics23-3pdxtvgx.png Table 4: summary NKOG and revision statistics23 https://scispace.com/papers/visualizing-the-phonon-wave-function-43gxvwbixt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-three-views-of-the-two-dimensional-space-formed-by-q1-30wznicb.png Fig. 2. Three views of the two-dimensional space formed by q1 and q2 . The center view shows the single point in this space which gives the locations of both masses. The position axes q1 and q2 are shown as solid lines and the normal mode axes Q1 and Q2 are shown as dashed lines. The left view shows its projection onto the q1 and q2 axes, and the right view onto the normal mode axes Q1 and Q2 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-a-one-phonon-state-using-one-alternate-normal-mode-nx54vamc.png Fig. 22. A one-phonon state using one alternate normal mode coordinate, †�  †�i ��0�.1 �1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-time-sequence-for-the-quantum-mechanical-lattice-in-a-36p4fo8m.png Fig. 17. Time sequence for the quantum mechanical lattice in a superposi https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-the-quantum-mechanical-lattice-with-four-k1-phonons-23m9u21c.png Fig. 15. The quantum mechanical lattice with four k�1 phonons, (A1ˆ †)4�0�. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-probablilty-density-for-q-1-00-1p0ymzbw.png Fig. 7. Probablilty density for q̂ 1 †�0,0�. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-a-noncoherent-superposition-of-several-k1-four-phonon-2i76voc1.png Fig. 20. A noncoherent superposition of several �k��1 four-phonon states. https://scispace.com/papers/visuo-motor-learning-for-face-to-face-pass-between-a3ouxz2a74 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-experimental-results-of-approaching-a-ball-3ewn2ua7.png Fig. 7. Experimental results of approaching a ball https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-an-overview-of-the-trapping-module-19bj9ft1.png Fig. 12. An overview of the trapping module https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-motion-primitives-and-parameters-for-approaching-mcg0wzfl.png Fig. 4. Motion primitives and parameters for approaching https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-overview-of-the-approaching-module-1v07ip5a.png Fig. 3. An overview of the approaching module https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-environmental-setting-and-the-learning-curve-for-1w3qrdlt.png Fig. 10. The environmental setting and the learning curve for kicking https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-parameter-and-the-stabilization-of-kicking-3rz8qwzp.png Fig. 9. The parameter and the stabilization of kicking https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-an-example-of-an-optic-flow-in-the-robots-view-13p45bmp.png Fig. 5. An example of an optic flow in the robot’s view https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-an-overview-of-the-kicking-module-23te3mjo.png Fig. 8. An overview of the kicking module https://scispace.com/papers/visualizing-urban-and-regional-worlds-power-politics-and-2skt027kru 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-london-with-area-proportion-to-population-2jqdzkh1.png Figure 4: London, with area proportion to population, highlighting low-lying areas https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-world-with-area-proportion-to-population-s4orj6du.png Figure 1: The World, with area proportion to population, highlighting low-lying areas https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-uk-with-area-proportion-to-population-1tyizko8.png Figure 3: The UK, with area proportion to population, highlighting low-lying areas https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-europe-with-area-proportion-to-population-3tqlyhmp.png Figure 2: Europe, with area proportion to population, highlighting low-lying areas https://scispace.com/papers/visually-believable-explosions-in-real-time-5ctyy3p15s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dynamic-contact-collision-ahf0tbdl.png Figure 5. Dynamic contact collision. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-logo-destruction-multiple-objects-of-70-voxels-32bvkmqp.png Figure 11. Logo destruction (multiple objects of ~70 voxels). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-building-damage-single-object-of-4300-voxels-bbaqtc1u.png Figure 10. Building damage (single object of ~4300 voxels). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pressure-time-curve-of-an-ideal-blast-wave-sr7ftflh.png Figure 1. Pressure-time curve of an ideal blast wave https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ground-collision-cixud6vt.png Figure 6. Ground collision. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-house-destruction-single-object-of-150-voxels-17u5t1hy.png Figure 9. House destruction (single object of ~150 voxels). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flexible-object-modeling-using-arbitrary-voxels-1tkzqqde.png Figure 2. Flexible object modeling using arbitrary voxels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-foundation-voxels-shown-shaded-stabilize-the-rigid-vaq6iokg.png Figure 3. Foundation voxels (shown shaded) stabilize the rigid body. https://scispace.com/papers/visually-impaired-aid-using-convolutional-neural-networks-2jvbmusw3d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-classification-accuracy-achieved-by-the-proposed-pcc-qjy3jlxt.png TABLE V: Classification accuracy achieved by the proposed PCC framework with VGG16 and VGG19 as feature extractors, with the best combination of p principal components and k-nearest neighbors to build the graph. No pooling is applied to the last convolutional layers output. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-classification-accuracy-obtained-using-transfer-3sdsroj8.png TABLE II: Classification accuracy obtained using transfer learning with 17 different CNN architectures. The best results in each column are in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-proposed-framework-using-particle-competition-and-24bp2ih5.png Fig. 4: The proposed framework using Particle Competition and Cooperation for semi-supervised classification with VGG16 as feature extractor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-classification-accuracy-obtained-using-transfer-3f9umjdp.png TABLE IV: Classification accuracy obtained using transfer learning with Xception and MobileNet and different amounts of frozen blocks of layers, from the network input to the output. The best results in each column are in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-classification-accuracy-obtained-using-transfer-1fs9wy05.png TABLE III: Classification accuracy obtained using transfer learning with VGG16 and different amounts of frozen blocks of layers, from the network input to the output. The best results in each column are in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-proposed-transfer-learning-networks-using-vgg16-model-9ap2v3z2.png Fig. 3: Proposed Transfer Learning networks using VGG16 - Model A: (a) No Pooling; (b) 2D Global Pooling. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-some-images-extracted-from-the-proposed-dataset-a-2eh48yy1.png Fig. 1: Some images extracted from the proposed dataset: (a) “clear path” class; and (b) “non-clear path” class. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-classification-accuracy-obtained-with-the-baseline-35ceudq7.png TABLE I: Classification accuracy obtained with the Baseline CNN network, with and without data augmentation, and using different optimizers. The best result is highlighted in bold. https://scispace.com/papers/vitamin-d-across-growth-hormone-gh-disorders-from-gh-5gakiji7ji 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-studies-for-analysis-on-acromegalic-llf7ito2.png Table 2 Selected studies for analysis on acromegalic patients. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-studies-for-analysis-on-ghd-patients-1zpwourt.png Table 1 Selected studies for analysis on GHD patients. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relationship-between-vitamin-d-metabolism-and-the-gh-26vcpjh3.png Fig. 1. Relationship between vitamin D metabolism and the GH/IGF axis. 25OH-D3: 25-hydroxy vitamin D; 1,25(OH)2-D3: 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D; 24,25-(OH)2-D3: 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D. https://scispace.com/papers/vitamin-d-status-in-psychotic-disorder-patients-and-healthy-489u0pjikx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ancova-with-s-25-oh-d-as-dependent-variable-group-rjogpio4.png Table 3. ANCOVA with S- 25 OH D as dependent variable, group (FEP, MEP, HC) and ethnicity as fixed factors https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unadjusted-serum-concentrations-of-25-oh-vitamin-d-3nrbufl1.png Table 2. Unadjusted serum concentrations of 25-OH vitamin D https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-s-25-oh-d-according-to-group-fep-mep-and-hc-and-2qff9lhd.png Figure 1. S-25 OH D according to group (FEP, MEP and HC) and ethnicity, adjusted for gender, BMI and season https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-clinical-characteristics-of-the-2jk3xzty.png Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the samples https://scispace.com/papers/vitamin-d-supplementation-to-prevent-acute-respiratory-p8ly9ao43f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-placebo-controlled-rcts-proportion-of-participants-lkp1abuk.png Table 2: Placebo controlled RCTs: Proportion of participants experiencing at least one acute respiratory infection, overall and stratified by potential effect-modifiers https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-placebo-controlled-studies-secondary-outcomes-3224t12y.png Table 3: Placebo-controlled studies: Secondary outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-42-eligible-trials-and-their-1uxd3fjq.png Table 1: Characteristics of the 42 eligible trials and their participants https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-forest-plot-of-placebo-controlled-rcts-reporting-ik6tbitq.png Figure 2: Forest plot of placebo-controlled RCTs reporting proportion of participants experiencing 1 or more acute respiratory infection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-of-study-selection-1v8xbmf5.png Figure 1: Flow chart of study selection https://scispace.com/papers/vitamins-c-and-e-and-the-risks-of-preeclampsia-and-perinatal-1khaeyyojz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-secondary-maternal-and-infant-outcomes-pf3u2s67.png Table 4. Secondary Maternal and Infant Outcomes.* https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primary-study-outcomes-mafeb65n.png Table 1. Primary Study Outcomes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-baseline-maternal-characteristics-sx77s5j8.png Table 2. Baseline Maternal Characteristics.* https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-serious-outcomes-in-the-infants-1p9mqnqq.png Table 3. Serious Outcomes in the Infants.* https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-secondary-maternal-outcomes-vaab5zi1.png Table 5. Secondary Maternal Outcomes.* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-disposition-of-women-and-their-infants-in-the-trial-1wrjzwmj.png Figure 1. Disposition of Women and Their Infants in the Trial. https://scispace.com/papers/vitellogenin-assay-by-enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay-4lqoumu0ca 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-standard-curves-for-elisa-of-17-20ap-values-tn55kclp.png Figure 1: Typical standard curves for ELISA of 17, 20aP. Values are means of duplicate assays https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-amount-of-vitellogenin-assayed-in-fish-plasma-1ielvo25.png Figure 4: The amount of vitellogenin assayed in fish plasma exposed to different concentrations of ethynylestradiol for 30 days (vertical bars indicate SE and * means significant differences in Vtg induction) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-assay-accuracy-for-vitellogenin-vtg-in-jpgi20ca.png Figure 3: Assay accuracy for vitellogenin (Vtg) in deproteinized plasma. A known amount of Vtg was added to an aliquot of a protein-free carp plasma and 2x serial dilutions made with it. Assays were performed in duplicate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-intra-assay-coefficient-of-variance-cv-for-elisa-of-1y2m9qhn.png Figure 2: Intra-assay coefficient of variance (CV) for ELISA of vitellogenin (Vtg) determined from a standard curve with ten replicates at each concentration https://scispace.com/papers/vlc-modelization-for-vlc-plc-system-evaluation-of-optical-1ej96j66qb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bias-tee-a-our-manufactured-circuit-b-explanatory-3b3zoudu.png Figure 1: Bias Tee. (a) Our manufactured circuit, (b) explanatory scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-led-and-photodiode-datasheet-curves-models-a-the-11scze1t.png Figure 3: LED and photodiode datasheet curves models. (a) The spectral power density of red, green, and blue LEDs compared to their modeled curves, (b) the three LEDs’ electrical/optical characteristics compared to our polynomial model, (d) spectral sensitivity response of the photodiode compared to our polynomial model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-between-vtia-calculated-in-3-different-2kv46eom.png Table I: comparison between VTIA calculated in 3 different cases: considering all the non-linearities, considering L(i) linear, and considering s(λ) and p(λ) at the dominant wavelength of the LED . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-red-green-and-blue-led-frequency-responses-1xlm5uep.png Figure 2: Red, green, and blue LED frequency responses. https://scispace.com/papers/vlsi-hybrid-dc-dc-regulator-2h0riv5zra 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-hysteresis-current-comparator-38snor1h.png Fig. 3. Hysteresis current comparator https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematics-of-the-voltage-linear-regulator-bulk-338trfbq.png Fig. 2. Schematics of the voltage linear regulator. Bulk connections are not shown except when they are not connected to ground or to the power source (Vin). Vout is de primary output and V’out is the secondary output with transistors 200 times narrower. Note that Vin is the power supply connected to most PMOS sources and bodies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematics-of-the-complete-hybrid-dc-dc-converter-the-39t2kj5d.png Fig. 1. Schematics of the complete hybrid DC-DC converter. The lower output of the operational amplifier is its secondary output, which has the same conductance divided by 200 than its primary output. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-transient-behavior-of-the-proposed-dc-dc-hybrid-1ncspfnh.png Fig. 4. Transient behavior of the proposed DC-DC hybrid converter to a current step from 0 to 15 mA, and vice versa showing its line regulation. Output voltage (Vout): straight line; load current (Iload): slashed line; Inductor current (Iind): dotted line; linear regulator current (Ilin): slash-dotted line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-line-regulation-of-the-proposed-hybrid-dc-dc-converter-1dpopvlw.png Fig. 5. Line regulation of the proposed hybrid DC-DC converter. Output voltage (Vout): black dots; ripple voltage (Vr): blue crosses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-power-efficiency-of-the-proposed-hybrid-dc-dc-3ugql286.png Fig. 6. Power efficiency of the proposed hybrid DC-DC converter for different load currents from 1 to 15 mA. https://scispace.com/papers/vlti-images-of-circumbinary-disks-around-evolved-stars-1xzrqzwkyy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-vlti-pionier-image-reconstructions-of-hd101584-21u080i4.png Figure 3. VLTI/PIONIER image reconstructions of HD101584 using MiRA/SPARCO.32 Left: image with f∗0 =24.4% and denv = 2.45. Center and right: image with f ∗ 0 =28.0% and denv = -1.75. On the right image the contours indicate the 5-σ significance of the emission as estimated by the bootstrapping. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-physical-scales-probed-by-alma-and-pionier-left-1tvpz5vj.png Figure 2. Two physical scales probed by ALMA and PIONIER. Left: ALMA image in CO(2–1) with a resolution of 85 mas. Right: VLTI/PIONIER image with a 2 mas resolution. The star, that is subtracted from the image using SPARCO, is indicated by the green cross. The beam of the VLTI observations is in the bottom-right corner. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-image-reconstructions-of-iras08544-4431-from-vlti-24m74jn7.png Figure 1. Image reconstructions of IRAS08544-4431 from VLTI/PIONIER data.23,24 Left: monochromatic image reconstruction. The flux level was cut to better see the environment of the star. Center: SPARCO/MiRA image reconstruction subtracting a single star with diameter 0.5 mas, f∗0 =61.0% and denv=0.182. This image has revealed emission coming from the secondary. Right: SPARCO/MiRA image reconstruction subtracting the primary star and contribution from the secondary, revealing the circumbinary disk structure. The cyan disk indicates the position and size of the primary star. The yellow cross indicates the location of the emission from the secondary star. The beam size is indicated in the bottom-right corner. https://scispace.com/papers/voc-emissions-from-the-combustion-of-low-grade-46elhlj9qb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-emitted-vocs-by-combustion-of-category-c-wood-waste-2amx9chj.png Table 2: Emitted VOCs by combustion of category C wood waste at temperatures of 400 oC, 600 oC and 800 oC https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-emitted-vocs-by-combustion-of-semi-composted-wood-at-wbgvqu3a.png Table 3: Emitted VOCs by combustion of semi-composted wood at temperatures of 500 oC and 850 oC https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-emission-compounds-as-detected-by-gc-ms-the-values-1h6c7z7a.png Table 1: Emission compounds as detected by GC-MS. The values are the Probability (%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-total-amount-of-vocs-emitted-in-different-2im4kr2q.png Figure 2: Total amount of VOCs emitted in different combustion temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-emitted-vocs-by-combustion-of-paper-waste-at-3getbkj7.png Table 4: Emitted VOCs by combustion of paper waste at temperatures of 700 oC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-presentation-of-combustion-apparatus-s5yohbuc.png Figure 1: Schematic presentation of combustion apparatus https://scispace.com/papers/vocabular-clarity-and-insular-scandinavian-a-response-to-3mkasxy3xm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-inflectional-endings-of-female-names-with-each-class-3lbniri1.png Table 4: Inflectional endings of female names (with each class marked by a representative name). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-faroese-masculine-noun-classes-singular-jxdbdp2c.png Table 1: Faroese masculine noun classes (singular). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-affixes-in-nuer-1j7plc0v.png Table 5: Affixes in Nuer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-faroese-feminine-noun-classes-singular-1qsxc6by.png Table 2: Faroese feminine noun classes (singular). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-faroese-neuter-noun-classes-singular-1uhi6rj4.png Table 3: Faroese neuter noun classes (singular). https://scispace.com/papers/vocal-convergence-in-a-multi-level-primate-society-insights-201ej4fakx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relation-between-acoustic-dissimilarity-and-genetic-3niuyx1y.png Figure 3. Relation between acoustic dissimilarity and genetic relatedness (top and bottom quartiles of the Wang estimator W) for N = 175 dyads. Note that lower dissimilarity values indicate higher similarity. Light grey dots represent dyadic values, black dots the mean with 95% confidence interval. (Online version in colour.) https://scispace.com/papers/vocal-response-of-piglets-to-weaning-effect-of-piglet-age-271abdvv16 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spectrogram-of-an-8-s-sequence-of-calls-from-4-week-2db2sft8.png Fig. 1. Spectrogram of an 8-s sequence of calls from 4-week old pigs approximately 7 h after weaning. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-s-e-m-call-rate-a-weaning-weight-b-weight-gain-0-64iikoz1.png Fig. 2. Mean (± s.e.m.) call rate (A), weaning weight (B), weight gain (0, and feed consumption (D) in relation to weaning age. Measures of call rate, weight gain and feed consumption are averages over the week after weaning. Call rate and feed consumption were measured for the pen of 3 piglets but the means are expressed per piglet. https://scispace.com/papers/voice-over-application-level-multicast-mwphwba85o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-utility-function-for-the-perceptual-quality-of-dzvr9ait.png Figure 1: Utility function for the perceptual quality of response lateness in multi-party conversation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-variation-in-audio-packet-delay-over-time-for-a-ztlxr4p8.png Figure 5: Variation in audio-packet delay over time for a selection of participants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variation-in-the-qos-utility-of-talkspurts-heard-by-3uqu16fa.png Figure 6: Variation in the QoS utility of talkspurts heard by a selection of participants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-algorithms-prediction-efficiency-28x8eso2.png Figure 4: Comparison of the algorithms’ prediction efficiency https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-sample-of-talkspurt-activity-among-participants-2phkdaa4.png Figure 3: A sample of talkspurt activity among participants of the ICSI meeting corpus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dynamic-routing-of-alnac-through-the-process-of-694li0iq.png Figure 2: Dynamic routing of ALNAC through the process of delegation. https://scispace.com/papers/voice-conversion-based-on-probabilistic-parameter-3j374rhhmw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mathematical-evaluation-of-lsf-and-f0-transformation-t0wnjggj.png Table 1. Mathematical evaluation of LSF and F0 transformation performance. https://scispace.com/papers/void-fraction-measurement-in-cryogenic-flows-part-ii-void-45d0dy9k71 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-relative-capacitance-variation-during-test-section-1fo2jwge.png Fig. 8. Relative capacitance variation during test section warm-up. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-chief-layout-instrument-locations-and-3j6okdan.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the CHIEF layout, instrument locations and nomenclature [3,10]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-high-speed-camera-images-light-intensity-correlated-2xmd44ei.png Fig. 11. High-speed camera images light intensity correlated to the measured void fraction for all the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-measured-void-fraction-correlated-to-the-high-speed-3oj8likc.png Fig. 12. Measured void fraction correlated to the high-speed camera images light intensity for all the experiments, Regime 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-accuracy-related-to-the-measured-data-f68bqbgo.png Table 1 Accuracy related to the measured data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-relative-permittivity-of-gas-and-liquid-nitrogen-at-38pm70q3.png Fig. 7. Relative permittivity of gas and liquid nitrogen at saturated condition (a) and gas permittivity as function of both pressure and temperature (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-qualitative-correlation-between-the-measured-void-3niee5u5.png Fig. 10. Qualitative correlation between the measured void fraction and the high-speed images light intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-test-1-and-test-3c-void-fraction-time-histories-before-3qgbrmjx.png Fig. 9. Test #1 and Test #3C void fraction time histories before (a) and after (b) the “thermal effect” correction. https://scispace.com/papers/voids-and-mn-rich-inclusions-in-a-ga-mn-as-ferromagnetic-4rwxu1ni2c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-low-magnification-a-bright-field-stem-and-b-d-adf-stem-xgqerbg0.png FIG. 1. Low magnification (a) bright-field STEM and (b)–(d) ADF STEM images of (Ga,Mn)As annealed at 903 K. The ADF inner detector semiangles used were (b) 78.4, (c) 47.4, and (d) 30.9 mrad. The viewing direction is close to the crystallographic [1-10] axis of the GaAs host. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-laadf-inner-detector-semiangle-47-4-mrad-stem-images-2qyw9bpo.png FIG. 7. LAADF (inner detector semiangle: 47.4 mrad) STEM images recorded at specimen temperatures of (a) 773, (b) 823, (c) 848, and (d) 848 K; (d) was recorded 6 min after (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-a-laadf-inner-detector-semiangle-47-4-6lclv5jg.png FIG. 5. (Color online) (a) LAADF (inner detector semiangle: 47.4 mrad) STEM image of a hexagonal (Ga,Mn)As nanocrystal. (b) LAADF intensity and Mn L edge EELS signal after background subtraction collected along the line marked in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-the-field-37ksts07.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Temperature dependence of the field-cooled magnetization for Ga0.995Mn0.005As annealed at 903 K recorded in a magnetic field of 4 kA/m (50 Oe). The inset shows a hysteresis loop acquired at T¼ 5 K (corrected by subtracting the diamagnetic contribution to the signal). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-c-experimental-and-b-d-simulated-electron-189br09x.png FIG. 4. (a), (c) Experimental and (b), (d) simulated electron diffraction patterns of (a), (b) cubic and (c), (d) hexagonal (Ga,Mn)As nanocrystals in GaAs. The viewing direction is [1-10] for GaAs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-aberration-corrected-high-resolution-a-tem-and-b-haadf-1j2r6dn3.png FIG. 3. Aberration-corrected high-resolution (a) TEM and (b) HAADF STEM images of two different hexagonal (Ga,Mn)As nanocrystals. The arrows indicate the positions of misfit dislocations. In (b) the inner detector semiangle used was 78.4 mrad. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-high-resolution-aberration-corrected-a-b-tem-c-haadf-17ifh9bx.png FIG. 2. High-resolution aberration-corrected (a), (b) TEM, (c) HAADF STEM, and (d) LAADF STEM images of cubic (Ga,Mn)As nanocrystals. The ADF detector inner semiangles used were (c) 78.4 and (d) 24.5 mrad. https://scispace.com/papers/voip-over-wlan-voice-capacity-admission-control-qos-and-mac-34fj9r891x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-voip-protocol-stack-34906n6e.png Figure 2. VoIP protocol stack. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-the-maximum-number-of-voip-11dhxb15.png Table II. Comparison of the maximum number of VoIP connections (802.11b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-conversational-speech-modelled-as-four-state-markov-12xdpp26.png Figure 3. Conversational speech modelled as four-state Markov chain [14]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-enhanced-distributed-co-ordination-function-18ukt7zb.png Figure 5. Enhanced distributed Co-ordination function. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-voip-system-2uz0blfb.png Figure 1. VoIP system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-attributes-of-commonly-used-codecs-34lefd96.png Table I. Attributes of commonly used codecs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-integrated-voice-services-over-wlan-and-cellular-2qmgfl3f.png Figure 6. Integrated voice services over WLAN and cellular networks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pcf-stretch-effect-230yfhj1.png Figure 4. PCF stretch effect. https://scispace.com/papers/voiceguard-secure-and-private-speech-processing-2a568vyqad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-of-voiceguard-w-r-t-baseline-kaldi-2rp16uxl.png Table 1: Performance of VoiceGuard w.r.t. baseline kaldi. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-voiceguard-architecture-user-u-establishes-a-secure-2f0riuvy.png Figure 1: VoiceGuard architecture. User U establishes a secure channel with the SGX enclave hosted at service provider P and sends sensitive voice data as well as user-specific adaptation data θ. Similarly, vendor V sends the sensitive models AM and LM through a secure channel. P securely processes U’s voice data using V’s models within an SGX Enclave. https://scispace.com/papers/volatile-compounds-from-young-peach-shoots-attract-males-of-26hectv0rl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-total-catch-of-ofm-males-for-chemicals-3ytsuf64.png Table 1. Average total catch of OFM males for chemicals during one or more trials in the 2004-05 season. Figures presented are means and SE of the raw data from 4 replications of each chemical and the Ln(X+1) transformed means (Ln). F-Probability and LSD are derived from analysis of Ln(X+1) transformed data from the entire experimental dataset for each trial, not just those chemicals presented below. Figures followed by ! are significantly worse than the control. Significant F-Probabilities without annotated figures in the relevant column indicate that other chemicals in the dataset were significantly different to the control. These were not reported because they were not derived from peach shoot tip volatiles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-total-catch-of-ofm-males-for-chemicals-2li6ms8b.png Table 2. Average total catch of OFM males for chemicals during one or more trials in the 2005-06 season. Figures presented are the means and SE of the raw data from 3 replications of each chemical and the Ln(X+1) transformed means (Ln). F-Probability and LSD are derived from analysis of Ln(X+1) transformed data from the entire experimental dataset for each trial, not just those chemicals presented below. Figures followed by * are significantly better than the control. Figures followed by ! are significantly worse than the control. Significant F-Probabilities without annotated figures in the relevant column indicate that other chemicals in the dataset were significantly different to the control. These were not reported because they were not derived from peach shoot tip volatiles. https://scispace.com/papers/volatile-organic-compound-investigation-results-300-area-11longw3nb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-trichloroethene-in-samples-collected-during-the-3994lyjj.png Figure 1.3. Trichloroethene in Samples Collected During the Limited Field Investigation and Volatile Organic Compound Investigation, 300 Area (Peterson and Lindberg 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-11-cross-section-north-to-south-along-the-300-area-2h6mse1c.png Figure 2.11. Cross Section North to South Along the 300 Area Shoreline. Recent results for trichloroethene in groundwater samples from aquifer tubes and near-river wells are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-increased-tetrachloroethene-concentrations-in-300-2dft8qga.png Figure 3.3. Increased Tetrachloroethene Concentrations in 300 Area Groundwater During 1998 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-tetrachloroethene-in-groundwater-from-release-on-2ubwdlne.png Figure 3.2. Tetrachloroethene in Groundwater from Release on July 6, 1984 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-summary-of-lfi-and-voc-investigation-drilling-1mzg447j.png Table 1.1. Summary of LFI and VOC Investigation Drilling Information https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-7-composite-borehole-log-for-lfi-borehole-399-3-19-vvql6brt.png Figure A.7. Composite Borehole Log for LFI Borehole 399-3-19 (C5001) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3-summary-information-on-major-stratigraphic-units-1ig2lzo6.png Table 2.3. Summary Information on Major Stratigraphic Units (modified after Horner 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-6-gravel-dominated-sediment-of-the-hanford-x2o20yjo.png Figure 2.6. Gravel-Dominated Sediment of the Hanford Formation (Hydrologic Unit 1) https://scispace.com/papers/volatiles-loss-from-water-bearing-regolith-simulant-at-lunar-4s8iwkob1y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-mass-lost-rate-of-the-samples-plotted-against-the-28aneax0.png Figure 11. Mass lost rate of the samples plotted against the measured exposure temperatures. During acquisition and delivery the sample is exposed to temperature of (A) soil bin, (B) cold wall, (C) drill bit, and (D) crucible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-moisture-profile-of-various-vf-13-soil-bins-1hwj9qc1.png Figure 8. The moisture profile of various VF-13 soil bins based on post-test sampling. Colors indicate the target pre-test moisture condition, while line type indicates simulant type. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-mass-loss-rate-of-the-collected-samples-versus-a-39whnfv3.png Figure 10. Mass loss rate of the collected samples versus (A) soil bed water content and (B) sample wet mass. The color indicates the percent water loss of each sample, while symbol size is https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-two-hardware-configurations-used-in-the-rp-2k3rzt6u.png Figure 1: The two hardware configurations used in the RP thermal vaccum test program. At left, the OVEN subsystem was used for sample collection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-bite-sampling-sequence-used-to-retrieve-soil-1z8yu2oa.png Figure 2. The ‘bite’ sampling sequence used to retrieve soil samples from depth is shown at left. At right, an image of the TRL6 RP drill. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-an-time-lapse-overview-of-one-full-test-2as8jawo.png Figure 13. An time lapse overview of one full test encompassing 4 drill holes and 4 samples. (A) is crucible temperature, (B) is the drill position where peaks correspond to depth. (C) is the RGA water signal and (D) shows https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-near-infrared-volatiles-spectrometer-subsystem-1tj0vbut.png Figure 3. The Near InfraRed Volatiles Spectrometer Subsystem (NIRVSS). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-water-loss-as-a-function-of-exposure-time-a-is-34iw05wf.png Figure 12. Water loss as a function of exposure time. (A) is time of sample retraction through delivery. (B) is the time the sample is out of the hole, and (C) is delivery (brushing into crucible) only. https://scispace.com/papers/volatility-and-covariation-of-financial-assets-a-high-3iari726um 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-return-volatility-for-daily-and-high-frequency-hf-26ipi0ch.png Table 2: Return-Volatility for Daily and High Frequency (HF) data https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlation-coefficients-daily-data-2kp1ujvs.png Table 5: Correlation coefficients (Daily Data) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-efficient-frontiers-based-on-the-different-txe0b4gk.png Figure 6. Efficient frontiers based on the different estimators of the VCM using 28 constituents of the DJIA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-this-figure-shows-that-the-rmse-of-mle-estimator-160oyv1d.png Figure 3. This figure shows that the RMSE of MLE estimator and that of the Kalman filter almost coincide. TSRV , on the other hand, has a greater RMSE than the other two estimators. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-equity-betas-for-daily-and-high-frequency-hf-data-3hdion6j.png Table 3: Equity betas for daily and high frequency(HF) data-DJIA index (market portfolio) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-efficient-frontiers-based-on-different-estimators-jyrgg19z.png Figure 4. Efficient frontiers based on different estimators of the VCM of MSFT and INTC that use daily and filtered high frequency data. For both frontiers the returns are calculated using daily observations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-difference-in-the-returns-per-level-of-risk-of-the-2jlqfv36.png Figure 9. Difference in the returns, per level of risk, of the two efficient frontiers based on 5 min midquotes and filtered high frequency data of Figure 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-5-min-midquote-and-filtered-hf-efficient-frontiers-8sr1tvuq.png Figure 8. 5-min midquote and filtered HF efficient frontiers. https://scispace.com/papers/voltage-analysis-of-distribution-systems-with-dfig-wind-3hv9s9ya4l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ieee-34-bus-test-system-1w65wax0.png Fig. 1. IEEE 34-bus test system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-voltages-of-buses-844-and-900-for-case-c4-ryn0ctod.png Fig. 12. The voltages of buses 844 and 900 for case C4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-grid-loss-when-a-1-5-mw-dfig-wt-is-placed-at-different-2gt1e1fk.png Fig. 3. Grid loss when a 1.5-MW DFIG-WT is placed at different locations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-bus-voltage-and-1-05-s-value-when-a-1-5-mw-2aj9pk5o.png Fig. 2. Average bus voltage and 1.05-s value when a 1.5-MW DFIG-WT is placed at different locations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-voltages-of-buses-840-and-890-for-case-c4-b6qgwkkj.png Fig. 11. The voltages of buses 840 and 890 for case C4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-voltages-of-buses-844-and-900-for-case-c2-3e4zgxgg.png Fig. 8. The voltages of buses 844 and 900 for case C2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-voltages-of-buses-844-and-900-for-case-c3-2b3dgslk.png Fig. 10. The voltages of buses 844 and 900 for case C3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-voltages-of-buses-840-and-890-for-case-c2-3l0x0go6.png Fig. 7. The voltages of buses 840 and 890 for case C2 https://scispace.com/papers/volatility-due-to-offshoring-theory-and-evidence-2kmosoceci 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-robustness-checks-in-model-simulations-production-2qznmp4h.png Table 3. Robustness Checks in Model Simulations: Production Worker Employment https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-model-simulation-for-production-worker-employment-1d74yqn1.png Table 2. Model Simulation for Production Worker Employment https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-u-s-harmonized-system-imports-from-mexico-1996-2006-9ghe1rr3.png Table 4: U.S. Harmonized System Imports from Mexico, 1996–2006 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-number-of-hs-products-over-years-y5qasyki.png Figure 1: The Number of HS Products Over Years https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calibration-of-model-parameters-39q7937f.png Table 1. Calibration of model Parameters https://scispace.com/papers/volatility-valuation-ratios-and-bubbles-an-empirical-measure-7nja66xgbo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-full-sample-regressions-for-s-p-500-annual-data-cash-2lznvdy0.png Table I Full-Sample Regressions for S&P 500, Annual Data, Cash Reinvestment, 1947 to 2019 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sentiment-indicators-calculated-on-a-full-sample-or-7aa2dh0d.png Figure 5. Sentiment indicators calculated on a full-sample or real-time basis, assuming that yt follows an AR(1), AR(2), or AR(3) process. (Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bt-with-one-sided-confidence-interval-color-figure-3epqetn6.png Figure 6. Bt with one-sided confidence interval. (Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com) https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-coefficient-estimates-for-regression-32-96-01-to-3akvkjj3.png Table VIII Coefficient Estimates for Regression (32), 96:01 to 17:12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sentiment-indicators-calculated-with-linear-3ku2f5wg.png Figure 9. Sentiment indicators calculated with linear, quadratic, and cubic specifications for the relationship between expected rt+1 − gt+1 and yt (Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-sentiment-index-computed-for-the-nasdaq-100-2uz5qvlw.png Figure 8. The sentiment index computed for the NASDAQ-100 index (and, for comparison, the baseline sentiment index for the S&P 500). (Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-1-partial-autocorrelations-of-yt-annual-data-1947-2wwjp3d2.png Figure C.1. Partial autocorrelations of yt . Annual data, 1947 to 2017, cash-reinvestment method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-sentiment-indicator-computed-using-the-full-3b2it15l.png Figure 3. The sentiment indicator, computed using the full sample to estimate the relationship between yt and rt+1 − gt+1 (left) or using an expanding window (right). (Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com) https://scispace.com/papers/volitional-electromyographic-responses-in-disorders-of-4uysw1387i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-continued-2vxgp42j.png Table II. Continued https://scispace.com/papers/voltages-in-toroidal-pinch-experiments-4xdhyplo5g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-methods-of-grounding-of-two-half-shells-inside-a-coil-1sccu50k.png Fig. 7. Methods of grounding of two half-shells inside a coil (a). The groundings change the voltage between coil and shell from (b) to (c). For a <J>-coil methods (d) and (e) are available; for a 6-coil only method (f) can be used. The dotted extra ground connections are optional. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-5-voltage-between-shell-and-plasma-as-a-function-of-f-3gbn9js5.png Fig. A-5. Voltage between shell and plasma as a function of <f> for n=12. The full line shows the voltage when the plasma is floating; the dotted line shows the effect of grounding to the pumpstand. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-3-voltage-vcs-shown-as-a-function-of-for-two-values-of-3ftedjf3.png Fig. A-3. Voltage Vcs shown as a function of $ for two values of n. Only the 0-bank has been fired. The location of the iron cores is indicated. The full lines show the voltage when the cores operate normally; the dotted lines show the voltage when the cores are saturated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-2-voltage-between-the-o-coil-and-tiie-shel-l-as-a-2ssjt6il.png Fig. A-2. Voltage between the O-coil and tiie shel l as a function of •':. Only the 0-coil has been energized. https://scispace.com/papers/voltammetric-study-of-tin-electrodeposition-on-3126qkrl0q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-linear-sweep-voltammograms-of-tin-deposition-from-kr3uxjck.png Figure 11. Linear sweep voltammograms of tin deposition from methanesulfonic acid on a gold rotating disc electrode. Concentration of solution Sn2+ 0.6 mM, 0.1 M CH3SO3H . Scan rate 30 mV/s; rotation rate 400, 900, 1600 and 2500 rpm. Inset tin deposition from 0.1 mM Sn(CH3SO3)2, 0.1 M CH3SO3H . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-linear-sweep-voltammograms-of-tin-deposition-from-3q2en4bo.png Figure 12. Linear sweep voltammograms of tin deposition from sulfuric and methanesulfonic acid on a gold rotating disc electrode. Concentration of solution a) Sn2+ 0.6 mM, 0.1 M H2SO4 and b) Sn2+ 0.6 mM, 0.1 M CH3SO3H. Scan rate 2 mV/s; different rotation rates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-linear-sweep-voltammograms-of-tin-deposition-from-16em2uga.png Figure 10. Linear sweep voltammograms of tin deposition from sulfuric acid on a gold rotating disc electrode. Concentration of solution Sn2+ 0.6 mM. Scan rate 30 mV/s; rotation rate 400, 900, 1600 and 2500 rpm. Inset tin deposition from 0.1 mM SnSO4, 0.1 M H2SO4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cyclic-voltammograms-of-a-polycrystalline-gold-disc-o42r1ua3.png Figure 1. Cyclic voltammograms of a polycrystalline gold disc electrode, 0.1 M H2SO4 (red line) and 0.1 M CH3SO3 H (black line) and 0.1 M HClO4 (green line) recorded between −0.34 to 1.81 V in SA and −0.33 to 1.82 V vs. NHE in MSA at 50 mV s−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cyclic-voltammograms-of-tin-electrodeposition-on-a-10zb4446.png Figure 2. Cyclic voltammograms of tin electrodeposition on a polycrystalline gold electrode for different switching anodic potentials at 30 mV s−1. a) 0.1 M H2SO4, 0.1 mM SnSO4 b) 0.1 M CH3SO3 H , 0.1 mM Sn(CH3SO3) 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-linear-sweep-voltammograms-of-tin-deposition-from-37zmwfed.png Figure 13. Linear sweep voltammograms of tin deposition from sulfuric acid at different pHs (1, 2, 3) on a gold rotating disc electrode. Concentration of solution: Sn2+ 0.6 mM, scan rate 2 mV/s; rotation rate 900 rpm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cyclic-voltammograms-of-a-polycrystalline-gold-1wf31s5a.png Figure 4. Cyclic voltammograms of a polycrystalline gold electrode, different switching cathodic potentials at 10 mV/s. a) 0.1 M H2SO4 - 0.1 mM SnSO4 b) 0.1 M CH3SO3 H - 0.1 mM Sn(CH3SO3) 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-h2-evolution-activity-of-polycrystalline-gold-2wvu86ai.png Figure 3. H2 evolution activity of polycrystalline gold electrode before and after tin deposition at different potentials. Tin deposition was carried out through LSV, with different final potentials. After each tin deposition, electrode was transferred to a tin freeelectrolyte solution at −0.101V in SA and −0.09 V in MSA. Linear sweep voltammograms were recorded at 30 mV/s, from 0.199 to −0.541 V in SA and 0.211 to −0.529 V in MSA. a) 0.1 M H2SO4 b) 0.1 M CH3SO3 H. https://scispace.com/papers/voltammetry-and-single-molecule-in-situ-scanning-tunneling-am727ljgjw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-in-situ-stm-images-for-a-scl-adlayer-on-a-13v7qfcu.png Figure 10. In situ STM images for a ScL adlayer on a butanethiolmodified Au(111)-electrode. Air atmosphere. (A) Potential 0.89 V (RHE). Bias: 0.80 V. Tunneling current: 0.035 nA. (B) Potential 0.44 V (RHE). Bias: 0.35 V. Tunneling current: 0.035 nA. 100 100 nm2. Blue arrows mark reference points that are repeated on both images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cyclic-voltammograms-for-scl-immobilized-on-bare-4gnqplhp.png Figure 4. Cyclic voltammograms for ScL immobilized on bare and thiol-modified Au(111)-electrodes. (A) Bare electrode. (B) MPA. (C) MUA. (D) Cysteamine. (E) Cysteine. (F) Octanethiol. Sweep rate: 10 mV/s. Pure oxygen atmosphere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-evolution-of-the-catalytic-current-of-scl-1n235ssf.png Figure 5. Time evolution of the catalytic current of ScL adsorbed on the octanethiol-modified Au(111)-electrode. The arrow indicates the evolution as the time increases. Sweep rate: 10 mV/s. Pure oxygen atmosphere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-effect-of-alkyl-chain-length-on-the-catalytic-1xmbln1n.png Figure 6. (A) Effect of alkyl chain length on the catalytic current for ScL on thiol-modified Au(111)-electrodes. (B) Current at 0.6 V as a function of the number of carbon atoms of the thiol modifier. (C) and D) Enlargement of the catalytic current for dodecane thiol (C) and hexadecanethiol (D). Comparison between voltammograms with (a) and without (b) enzyme. Scan rate 10 mV s 1. Pure O2 atmosphere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-dependence-of-the-catalytic-current-on-the-dioxygen-i6jiqnno.png Figure 7. Dependence of the catalytic current on the dioxygen concentration for ScL immobilized on octanethiol-modified Au(111). Sweep rate: 10 mV/s. Positive and negative sweep are averaged to remove the contribution of double layer charging. The inset shows the slow deactivation of the enzyme with time. This effect has been corrected in the curves of the main figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-lineweaver-burk-plot-a-michaelis-menten-plot-b-and-1ruukkbv.png Figure 8. Lineweaver Burk plot (A),Michaelis Menten plot (B), and variation of Michaelis Menten parameters with potential (C) from the variation of the catalytic current of ScL with [O2]. Dashed lines in (C) from the Lineweaver Burk plot, solid lines from the Michaelis Menten plot. Inset (D) shows the ratio between the two parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-normalized-currents-for-different-dioxygen-rswncpr4.png Figure 9. Normalized currents for different dioxygen concentration in ScL electrocatalysis. Inset shows the first derivative of the curves in the main graph. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graphical-representation-of-the-surface-properties-osphg704.png Figure 1. Graphical representation of the surface properties around the type I center for the four enzymes employed in this study, as labeled in the figure: CcL (PDB code: 1A65); MtL (homology model); ScL (PDB code: 3CG8), andMvBO (PDB code: 3ABG). The position of the type I copper ion under the surface is depicted in the center of each panel. (A) Colors according to surface potential with red = negative and blue = positive. (B) colors according to amino acid type: green = hydrophilic (Asn, Gln, Ser, Thr), red = acidic (Asp, Glu), blue = alkaline (Lys, Arg), light blue = His, white = hydrophobic (others). https://scispace.com/papers/voltammetry-of-immobilized-cytochrome-c-on-novel-binary-self-1bmkwk9f7i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-electrochemical-parameters-for-the-modified-gold-35mnom9s.png Table 1 Electrochemical parameters for the modified gold electrode prepared with various ratios of T-COOH to T-NH2 https://scispace.com/papers/volume-dependence-of-high-frequency-respiratory-mechanics-in-3psweqin1h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sample-linear-fits-to-graphs-of-first-antiresonant-1oxjns2i.png FIGURE 6. Sample linear fits to graphs of first antiresonant frequency (far,1, top) and magnitude of Rrs at antiresonance (Rrs(far,1), bottom) vs. lung volume. Repeated measurements are shown for each subject. The circles on each measurement denote regions of the linear fit, defined as between 25 and 75% of the volume excursion for that measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-forced-oscillation-setup-the-3lxaa9d6.png FIGURE 1. Schematic of forced oscillation setup. The transducers P1 and P2 are used in the measurement of load impedance at the end of the wavetube, while P3 is used in the pneumatachometer to determine flow. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hysteresis-seen-in-antiresonance-parameters-far-1-qh0ogko6.png TABLE 1. Hysteresis seen in antiresonance parameters far,1 and Rrs(far,1) vs. transpulmonary pressure Ptp. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-plots-of-antiresonance-parameters-far-1-top-and-rrs-2ml45rck.png FIGURE 7. Plots of antiresonance parameters far,1 (top) and Rrs(far,1) (bottom) vs. lung volume (left panels) and vs. transpulmonary pressure (right panels), showing hysteresis between the inspiration and expiration limbs in a healthy subject. Repeated measurements are shown for the subject. Arrows show the direction of the maneuver during the measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sample-respiratory-system-resistance-rrs-and-zkvmkr2g.png FIGURE 2. Sample respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) from steady-state measurements in a healthy subject, showing the effects of (a) wearing a nose clip, (b) cheek support, and (c) neck position on the first antiresonance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-lung-volume-tlc-vs-frc-and-gas-density-1iilx5he.png FIGURE 4. Effect of lung volume (TLC vs. FRC) and gas density (heliox vs. air, measurement at FRC) on the first antiresonant frequency (far,1), magnitude of Rrs at antiresonance (Rrs(far,1)), and average resistance at low frequencies (Rrs(7.5–35 Hz)). *p < 0.05. All comparisons were made with breathing air at FRC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-wearing-a-nose-clip-nc-lack-of-cheek-jqb0ilk5.png FIGURE 3. Effect of wearing a nose clip (NC), lack of cheek support (NS), and neck extension (NE) on the first antiresonant frequency (far,1), magnitude of respiratory system resistance (Rrs) at antiresonance (Rrs(far,1)), and average resistance at low frequencies (Rrs(7.5–35)). *p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bland-altman-plots-showing-reproducibility-of-the-1kcyy26w.png FIGURE 5. Bland-Altman plots showing reproducibility of the first antiresonant frequency (far,1), magnitude of respiratory system resistance Rrs at antiresonance (Rrs(far,1)), and average resistance at low frequencies (Rrs(7.5–35)) between days 1 and 2, at FRC (top panels) and TLC (bottom panels). https://scispace.com/papers/volumetric-bounds-on-subsurface-fluid-substitution-using-4d-4dz95hfr9t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-and-b-plan-view-of-the-increases-in-seismic-14fdrpqn.png Figure 6. (a and b) Plan view of the increases in seismic transit time through the Utsira Sand reported by Chadwick et al. (2012) for the 2001 and 2006 data. The black marker denotes the injection point. For visual orientation, contour line marking Δt ¼ 10 ms has been added. (c and d) Time shift histograms obtained from representative data subsets outside the injection-related time-lapse anomaly. The corresponding subset areas are marked by dotted outlines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-petrophysical-velocity-saturation-model-of-the-2o7gqya2.png Figure 7. Petrophysical velocity-saturation model of the Utsira Sand after Queißer and Singh (2013a). The model comprises the upper and lower bounds on the velocity-saturation relation, which are fitted by equation 5 using v1 ¼ 2050 m∕s, Δv ¼ −855 m∕s, and the patchiness parameters marked at the graphs. The dashed curve shows an intermediate velocity-saturation relationship deduced by Queißer and Singh (2013a) on the basis of Brie’s model (Brie et al., 1995). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-sketch-of-a-fluid-substitution-process-38bharnt.png Figure 12. Sketch of a fluid substitution process illustrating the production case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-sensitivities-of-the-total-mass-bounds-with-1rr40owj.png Figure 13. Sensitivities of the total mass bounds with respect to 10% perturbation in the input parameters. Sensitivities have been computed on the basis of the M1 and M2 values inferred from the 2006 data for the patchy mixing scenario (Figure 11c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-mass-estimation-example-for-a-simple-wedge-model-a-mio6inqj.png Figure 8. Mass estimation example for a simple wedge model. (a) A fluid 2 layer with spatially variable thickness and saturation constituting the model after fluid substitution. (b and c) Velocity-saturation relationships for different patchiness parameters and their resulting mass per area bounds m1 and m2 (shown by inlays). (d and e) Synthetic seismograms. (f and g) Resulting time shifts. (h and i) Mass per area bounds deduced from time shifts and comparison with true mass per area values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-mass-inference-for-the-2006-data-set-a-minimum-and-34eya2s0.png Figure 11. Mass inference for the 2006 data set. (a) Minimum and maximum mass per area maps for the lower (uniform mixing) velocitysaturation bound (p ¼ 0.03). (b) Minimum and maximum mass per area maps for the upper (patchy mixing) velocity-saturation bound (p ¼ 0.7). For visual orientation, contour line marking Δt ¼ 10 ms has been added. (c) The inferred total mass bounds plotted against the patchiness parameter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-mass-per-area-bounds-m1-and-m2-for-the-patchy-14czn0hk.png Figure 9. (a) Mass per area bounds,m1 and m2, for the patchy mixing scenario and (b) uniform mixing scenario shown in Figure 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketch-of-the-fluid-substitution-process-taking-3mk92bxn.png Figure 1. Sketch of the fluid substitution process taking place within a reservoir layer of the thickness hmax. A time-lapse seismic experiment is carried out comprising measurements in the stages before and after fluid substitution. The dashed lines represent a small-offset ray with reflection below the reservoir. The two-way time of the ray in the baseline stage is denoted as t0. The time shift after fluid substitution is denoted as Δt. https://scispace.com/papers/volumetric-two-photon-imaging-in-live-cells-and-embryos-via-5g8jfah3f7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-grad-tpm-images-of-various-biological-structures-show-8ggesw78.png Fig. 2 Grad-TPM images of various biological structures show depth resolution and intensity contrast resemble to corresponding Gauss-TPM images. (a) Axons in brain slice of Thy1-GFP transgenic mouse. (b) Higher magnification views of the boxed axon in a (outlined by white dashed lines) and the depth profiles along the central axis of the axon. (c) Microglia in brain slice of CX3CR1-GFP transgenic mouse. (d) The depths of microglia cell bodies marked by 1-5 in c. (e) Higher magnification views of the boxed microglia process in the second row of c (outlined by white dashed lines) and the depth profiles along the central axis of the process. (f) Higher magnification views of the boxed areas in the third row of c and corresponding intensity profiles along the dashed lines for lateral resolution demonstration. Scale bars, 20 μm. The unit of all the z is μm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-grad-tpm-concept-and-performance-a-grad-tpm-uses-a-3uu8p370.png Fig. 1 Grad-TPM concept and performance. (a) Grad-TPM uses a pair of gradient foci with opposite intensity distributions to successively scan the specimen and thus generates two images. Shallow objects appear brighter in image 1 (Im 1 ) than in image 2 (Im 2 ), while the situation is opposite for deep objects. Thus, the depth of a given object can be decoded from the intensity ratio of the two images. (b) Fluorescent beads imaged by Grad-TPM (up) and the standard Gauss-TPM (down). (Right panels) The 3D reconstruction and xz view of the boxed region. Scale bar, 5 μm. (c) The difference between Grad-TPM depth and Gauss-TPM depth of fluorescent beads (z e ). (d) Gauss-TPM depth as a function of Grad-TPM depth and the boxplot of z e . The unit of all the z and z e is μm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-grad-tpm-shows-observably-lower-photobleaching-3rzab52t.png Fig. 3 Grad-TPM shows observably lower photobleaching relative to the traditional Gauss-TPM on living cell imaging (a) and thus is highly suitable for longitudinal tracking of biological events, such as the phagocytosis of macrophages (b-d). (a) HEK293 cells transfected with pCAG-EGFP DNA recombinant plasmid. The inset on the upper right corner of each image is a magnification view of the boxed area. The circled area in the inset is used to calculate an average intensity to create the line graph. (b) Cultured macrophages are phagocytizing fluorescent beads wandering around. Scale bars, 20 μm. The time is shown at the corner as h:min. The unit of z is μm. (c) Representative trajectories of active beads(up) and immobile bead(down). (d) Statistical motility parameters of immobile beads and active beads. Mean velocities indicate that there is no significant difference of bead velocity between these two groups. Mean displacement curves suggest that the immobile beads show constrained motility, while the active beads execute directed migration. https://scispace.com/papers/voluntary-and-involuntary-imagery-in-social-anxiety-14yy3bxmti 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dass-21-scores-by-frequency-of-image-intrusions-mean-ofh9efgy.png Fig. 1: DASS-21 scores by frequency of image intrusions (Mean +/- SD). https://scispace.com/papers/voluntary-feed-intake-nitrogen-and-phosphorus-losses-in-4du7f7lgk0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-voluntary-feed-intake-a-and-specific-growth-rate-b-1ul4gzl6.png Figure 1. Voluntary feed intake (a) and specific growth rate (b) of the groups of fish fed with diets C, 1,2, 3,4 and 5 during 33 days. Vertical https://scispace.com/papers/voluntary-firm-restructuring-why-do-firms-sell-or-liquidate-3shqx6ym5m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-impact-of-financial-distress-and-control-3apmdqou.png Table 7 The impact of financial distress and control variables on liquidation likelihood https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-qyp8dfb8.png Table 2 Summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-binomial-logit-model-of-restructuring-method-17z1lt9r.png Table 6 Binomial logit model of restructuring method: coefficient estimates (p-values) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-binomial-logit-model-of-divestiture-likelihood-w7zoeoxq.png Table 3 Binomial logit model of divestiture likelihood: coefficient estimates (p-values) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-divestiture-activity-of-the-belgian-listed-firms-in-1rw8zjb3.png Table 1 Divestiture activity of the Belgian listed firms in the period 1991–1996 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-binomial-logit-model-of-divestiture-likelihood-3ph3dv2a.png Table 4 Binomial logit model of divestiture likelihood: alternative specifications https://scispace.com/papers/voluntary-pilot-action-through-biodynamics-for-helicopter-rmosdzr43f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-detailed-view-of-the-main-rotor-hub-49pz78bs.png Figure 10. Detailed view of the main rotor hub. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-muscular-activation-parameters-for-10-50-and-90-dv7qa98n.png Figure 4. Muscular activation parameters for 10%, 50% and 90% collective control device reference position (muscles numbered according to Table 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-helicopter-vertical-acceleration-after-impulsive-2am2xxx9.png Figure 15. Helicopter vertical acceleration after impulsive perturbation, control inceptor with emulated friction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-abstract-pilot-model-block-diagram-31jysp6f.png Figure 1. Abstract pilot model block diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-the-voluntary-pilot-model-2fim5lwq.png Table 2. Parameters of the voluntary pilot model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-voluntary-pilot-model-block-diagram-2x5ymp5c.png Figure 5. Voluntary pilot model block diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-multibody-model-of-main-rotor-and-pilot-yzvb7vvy.png Figure 11. Multibody model of main rotor and pilot. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-arm-muscles-properties-reference-length-0-max-1xeo34y0.png Table 1. Arm muscles’ properties: reference length (ℓ0); max isometric force (fm0); coordinates of insertion points 1 & 2 (x1, y1, z1; x2, y2, z2). https://scispace.com/papers/von-der-produktion-einer-wissenssendung-bis-zur-2az2j42g18 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-partial-correlations-between-all-ef-sr-and-sc-2fqxhcb5.png Table 4: Partial correlations between all EF, SR and SC measures controlling for age https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-number-of-cases-by-performance-profile-and-ses-for-3v6kfitk.png Figure 4: Number of cases by performance profile and SES for total score 21 in TOL (n=15) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-of-cases-by-performance-profile-and-ses-for-3h8orlf8.png Figure 3: Number of cases by performance profile and SES for total score 11 in TOL (n=16) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descritive-statistics-of-administered-trials-by-task-2mgjwpxi.png Table 2: Descritive statistics of administered trials by task und SES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-corsi-blocks-total-score-according-to-the-different-29a7vf9v.png Figure 5: Corsi blocks total score according to the different task-performance profiles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-the-four-different-tasks-performance-1b2u6448.png Figure 1: Examples of the four different tasks-performance profiles in the TOL task https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-principal-components-analyses-pca-of-2ewt7xjx.png Table 5: Results of Principal Components Analyses (PCA) of executive function and self-regulation measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-cognitive-and-behavioural-measures-predicting-2xm3l31b.png Table 6: Cognitive and Behavioural Measures Predicting Teacher Rating of Self-control and Thoughtfulness https://scispace.com/papers/vortex-avalanches-with-robust-statistics-observed-in-3fqqbi2xxm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-size-distribution-of-avalanches-the-statistics-is-1zxczwvl.png FIG. 4. Size distribution of avalanches. The statistics is based on nearly 200 000 avalanche events measured in the Hall probes located as shown in Fig. 1. Steps less than 0.7Fo were excluded from the counting of events.Pssd was averaged within exponentially increasing intervals along thes axis, giving equidistant points in the log-log plot. The data are fitted by the straight linePssd,s−t, with t=3.1±0.2. The inset shows analogous results using data from a very different Hall probe location(see Fig. 2), giving t=3.1±0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-vortex-avalanches-seen-by-a-hall-probe-during-field-27kbpr7o.png FIG. 3. Vortex avalanches seen by a Hall probe during field increase. The main curve was obtained from probe number 4 from the sample edge in Fig. 1, and contains more than 40 000 data points. The insets show zooms in two different field windows revealing distinct steps as a manifestation of avalanche dynamics. The experiment was performed atT=4.8 K. Similar measurements performed slightly aboveTc show no measurable steps, demonstrating that those reported in the figure are not mere instrumental noise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-magnetic-landscape-of-the-nb-superconductor-the-eq3wyuce.png FIG. 1. Magnetic landscape of the Nb superconductor. The magneto-optical image(top) shows how the flux penetrates into one-half of a 1.531.530.25 mm3 Nb foil at a field of 400 Oe applied perpendicular to the sample atT=4.8 K. The image brightness represents the local density of the magnetic vortices. The 3D plot(bottom) of the penetration pattern shows that the magnetic landscape consists of several ridges with smooth slopes, which rise up from the flat Meissner state(flux free) area. Included in the figure is the location of a Hall probe array where each of the 11 probes detects the flux under an area of 10310 mm2. As the applied magnetic field increases all the ridges grow gradually on a macroscopic scale, quite similarly to the way sandpiles increase in size when grains are added. https://scispace.com/papers/vortex-shedding-and-frequency-selection-in-flapping-flight-4z3pgw7qi2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-lift-coefficient-as-a-function-of-angle-of-attack-cel10aub.png Figure 6. (a) Lift coefficient as a function of angle of attack. The experimental curve is taken from figure 4 in Dickinson & Götz (1993). The data are measured at ts = 2.0. The classical curve for an airfoil curve is from Prandtl and Tietjens (1934). (b) Lift coefficient as a function of the thickness ratio of the ellipse. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-thrust-coefficient-a-and-efficiency-b-as-functions-2tbci0zu.png Figure 9. Thrust coefficient (a) and efficiency (b) as functions of Stc for a given Sta. Different Sta are represented by different symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-dependent-thrust-and-lift-coefficients-for-bklum92g.png Figure 3. Time-dependent thrust and lift coefficients for fixed Sta = 0.16, and different frequencies, f = 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 Hz, or equivalently, Stc = 0.5, 1, 2, and 4. The frequency of each curve can be read directly from the graph by counting peaks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-vorticity-contour-plot-a-and-lift-coefficient-b-on-kbcgckm8.png Figure 5. Vorticity contour plot (a) and lift coefficient (b) on an impulsively started ellipse with an angle of attack 40◦. Re = 1000. The inset shows the lift coefficient over a longer time period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-thrust-window-for-different-angles-of-attack-thrust-2u7suwbi.png Figure 8. Thrust window for different angles of attack. Thrust is the projection of the total force in the mean flow direction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thrust-coefficient-cx-and-its-two-contributions-from-3nhl6ab0.png Table 1. Thrust coefficient 〈Cx〉 and its two contributions from the pressure force (Ctp) and the viscous force (Ctν) as a function of Stc. Efficiency is calculated only in the cases of positive thrust. The Reynolds number is 1000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flapping-model-the-ellipse-represents-a-cross-1novzl94.png Figure 1. Flapping model. The ellipse represents a cross-section of a flapping wing in the chord direction. The thickness ratio is chosen to be 0.125 for most of our computations unless otherwise specified. u0 is the mean flight velocity, u1 the flapping velocity, and β the angle between the stroke plane and the x-axis. Mean thrust and lift are defined with respect to the direction of u0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-numerical-result-for-azimuthal-velocity-uth-r-vs-2f701kj3.png Figure 10. (a) Numerical result for azimuthal velocity uθ(r) vs. r compared with theory. (b) Velocity (u) at different locations along the symmetric axis (x/D) in the wake, where D is the diameter of the cylinder. Different symbols correspond to time of measurement (rescaled by D/u0) with an increment of 0.5, starting from ts = 0.5 (solid circle). Lines are from the numerics, and points are from experiments (Bouard & Coutanceau 1980). https://scispace.com/papers/vortex-evolution-in-the-near-wake-behind-polygonal-cylinders-2o7q8kn76t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dependence-on-n-of-the-vortex-formation-length-lf-wrdlmpeb.png FIGURE 2. Dependence on N of the vortex formation length Lf * and the wake width Dw * at Re = 1.6×104. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-profiles-of-the-reynolds-normal-stress-2-v-v-u-for-2dx73w47.png FIGURE 7. Profiles of the Reynolds normal stress 2/v v U for different polygonal cylinders, (a) the corner orientation; (b) the face orientation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-the-evolution-of-the-equivalent-vortex-diameter-dt-kiygpnfj.png FIGURE 17. The evolution of the equivalent vortex diameter Dt. (a), (b) Dt /D (Dt *); (c), (d) the ordinate and the abscissa are shifted by * 0tD and Lf *, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-dependence-of-0td-on-a-n-and-b-dw-the-dashed-line-sh9hoq8f.png FIGURE 18. Dependence of * 0tD on (a) N and (b) Dw *. The dashed line in figure (b) is the straight line least-square-fitted to the data of all polygonal cylinders, excluding the 3C case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-first-and-second-pod-modes-of-polygonal-ymr77qh0.png FIGURE 10 The first and second POD modes of polygonal cylinders. Contours are based on u only. The first two POD modes of u are shown in figure 10 to visualize their coherent structures related to the vortex shedding patterns, using the special cases discussed in section 3.1. The first two modes display an antisymmetric pattern, which represents the alternative vortex shedding process. The patterns of the first and second modes are similar, despite a about 1/4 wavelength 𝜆 advection in the streamwise direction when +/- signs are neglected, with the wavelength meaning the streamwise distance between two successive packets of the same sign at one side of the centerline within one mode. On the one hand, the downstream distance of the first antisymmetric packet pair in mode 1 has a qualitative indication of the vortex formation length, which means 8C and 5F has shorter formation length compared to other cases. On the other hand, the size of the first packet pair is qualitatively proportional to the peak circulation of the shed vortices, which will be quantified later. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-trajectories-of-vortex-centers-a-b-x-and-y-scaled-cen6cl43.png FIGURE 14. Trajectories of vortex centers: (a), (b) x and y scaled by D; (c), (d) x and y scaled by Lf and Dw, respectively, where the abscissa is shifted by the virtual origin x0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-streamwise-velocity-profiles-along-the-32xeq656.png FIGURE 3. Mean streamwise velocity profiles along the transverse direction at different downstream distances for different polygonal cylinders, (a) corner orientation; (b) face orientation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-profiles-of-the-streamwise-reynolds-normal-stress-2-3308fet8.png FIGURE 6. Profiles of the streamwise Reynolds normal stress 2/u u U for different polygonal cylinders, (a) the corner orientation; (b) the face orientation. https://scispace.com/papers/vortex-patterns-generated-by-a-heaving-flexible-plate-2iy8zm0sab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sketch-of-the-experimental-setup-and-b-ranges-of-the-3v6da20i.png Fig. 1 (a) Sketch of the experimental setup and (b) ranges of the experimental parameters explored. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dye-visualizations-of-the-vortices-generated-by-the-3u28qzyx.png Fig. 2 Dye visualizations of the vortices generated by the heaving flexible plate over one period for ALE = 0.004 m, f = 0.8 Hz (period T = 1.25 s), B = 0.018 Nm and U = 0.05 m.s−1 (flow from left to right). The motion of the plate leading edge is indicated by an arrow. https://scispace.com/papers/vortex-lattice-transitions-in-cyclic-spinor-condensates-28k8t3yf49 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-phase-diagram-of-the-different-types-of-b7j4ehf5.png FIG. 2 (color online). Phase diagram of the different types of vortex lattices obtained as a function of temperature and rotation rate for B< Bc where T0 @ 2n3D https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-fundamental-vortices-produced-4sdkzsew.png TABLE I. Fundamental vortices produced. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-orientations-of-the-cyclic-state-in-an-22ey6ban.png FIG. 1 (color online). Orientations of the cyclic state in an external magnetic field which breaks the spin rotational symmetry. The spin-two spinors are represented by four spin-half vectors on the unit sphere [9]. Upon increasing the magnetic field, the spinor will undergo a transition from state (a) to state (b). As indicated by the tetrahedra, orientations (a) and (b) will have rotational symmetries given by the angles 2 n=3 and 2 n=2, respectively (n is an integer), when rotated about the vector defined by the magnetic field. These symmetries determine what types of vortices can occur for such spin configurations. https://scispace.com/papers/vortex-states-in-iron-based-superconductors-with-collinear-4htmb3d1h9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-the-real-space-distribution-of-the-2j7wrd1m.png FIG. 1. Color online a The real-space distribution of the moment Mi. b The Fourier transformation of Mi. c The LDOS at the site labeled as A in Fig. 1 a in the SDW state, and d spectralweight distribution in the SDW state see text . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-ldos-curves-in-a-bulk-system-simulating-1fhyc4pw.png FIG. 5. Color online LDOS curves in a bulk system simulating the SDW state around the core region for n=2.2 a , and n=1.8 b , respectively. The wave vector Q of the field-induced SDW connects the finite-energy contour red line for n=2.2 c , and n=1.8, respectively Black curves denote the Fermi surface at corresponding doping level . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-the-real-space-distribution-of-the-sc-2cz3r4u5.png FIG. 4. Color online a The real-space distribution of the SC order amplitude i in the presence of the field-induced SDW. b The real-space distribution of the field-induced moment Mi. The LDOS curves at the core center black line and for the bulk system green line with c electron doping n=2.2 and d hole doping n =1.8, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-the-real-space-distribution-of-the-sc-2mzfeizc.png FIG. 3. Color online a The real-space distribution of the SC order amplitude i without the field-induced SDW. The LDOS curves at the core center black line and for the bulk system green line with b electron doping n=2.2 and c hole doping n=1.8, respectively. d The electron pocket in the iron pnictides in the unfolded Brillouin zone − kx and − ky . The solid and dashed curves correspond to electron doping with n=2.2 and hole doping with n=1.8, respectively. The dotted red lines mark the nodal lines at /2,ky and kx , /2 for the s = 0 cos kx cos ky order parameter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-sc-order-parameter-configuration-in-2vdsigtw.png FIG. 2. Color online The SC order-parameter configuration in the a real space between the NN sites pairing, b the NNN sites pairing, c and the TNN sites pairing, respectively. The minus signs in the parentheses correspond to the d-wave pairings, otherwise the s-wave pairings. https://scispace.com/papers/vortical-versus-skyrmionic-states-in-mesoscopic-p-wave-3p5p2dvjyv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-superconducting-currents-around-a-the-upper-right-dw-38j2ira5.png FIG. 5. Superconducting currents around (a) the upper right DW of Fig. 3(c), (b) the upper HQV of Fig. 3(d), (c) the FV of Fig. 4(g), and (d) the skyrmion of Fig. 4(h). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-diagonal-profiles-of-the-contour-plots-ps-2-18sy3s9y.png FIG. 6. Diagonal profiles of the contour plots |ψ±|2 corresponding to ground states c and h of Fig. 1, shown in panels (a) and (b), respectively. Blue and green arrows indicate the DW and vortex core locations, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-contour-plots-of-the-magnetic-induction-corresponding-eorrxgua.png FIG. 7. Contour plots of the magnetic induction corresponding to (a) the supercurrents of the DW of Fig. 5(a), (b) the HQV of Fig. 5(b), the FV of Fig. 5(c), and (d) the skyrmion of Fig. 5(d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-superconducting-currents-corresponding-to-state-a-ijiyuhwv.png FIG. 13. (a) Superconducting currents corresponding to state a of Fig. 12. These currents, which were obtained at zero field, are composed of two edge currents with different chiralities and flowing in opposite senses. (b) Contour plot of the magnetic induction (Bz) calculated from the supercurrents of panel (a). (c) Line profiles of Jy and Bz along the line y = 4ξ . (d) Line profiles of |ψ±|2 corresponding to the state a of Fig. 12. (e) Line profiles of the angular phases of components ψ± along the line x = 4ξ . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-temporal-vortex-skyrmion-transition-in-a-square-2bzz2rje.png FIG. 11. Temporal vortex-skyrmion transition in a square mesoscopic sample of size 12ξ × 12ξ . Panel (a) shows the free energy of states i and j containing 10 and 12 fractional vortices per component, respectively. The energy of state i is discontinuous at H ≈ 1.06Hc2 reflecting a first-order transition. Panel (b) shows the temporal evolution of the energy at the latter transition. Three states, initial, intermediate, and final, are denoted by circle, square, and triangle markers, respectively. The components of the superconducting order https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-free-energy-as-a-function-of-the-external-rgi81lpe.png FIG. 12. The free energy as a function of the external magnetic field, showing ground states b–j plus one metastable state a, from the numerical simulations using Eq. (13) with δk = 0.03. The parameters ki thus only slightly deviate from the value 1/3 obtained when a cylindrical Fermi surface is considered. Panels (a) and (b) show the superconducting density components |ψ+|2 and |ψ−|2 of the states a and b, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-textures-of-the-ground-states-h-and-g-of-fig-4-1xz9i7zo.png FIG. 8. Textures of the ground states h and g of Fig. 4, according to the mapping n̂ = †σ̂ / † · , where σ̂ are the Pauli matrices. Colors show the amplitude of the z component of n̂. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-free-energy-in-units-of-the-bulk-condensation-energy-1z02p137.png FIG. 1. (a) Free energy in units of the bulk condensation energy at zero field (F0) as a function of the external magnetic field in units of the bulk upper critical field (Hc2), for a square mesoscopic sample of size 8ξ × 8ξ . Letter labels denote different found ground states. Some metastable states (not labeled) are also shown in this figure. Vorticity of components ψ+ and ψ− of the ground states of panel (a) are shown in (b) and (c) respectively. The difference in vorticity (ν+ − ν− = 2) between the components is in perfect agreement with the analytically predicted solution = (φN,φN−2)T . https://scispace.com/papers/vortices-in-a-mesoscopic-cone-a-superconducting-tip-in-the-3kza7qf185 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-the-free-energy-of-the-2-5-60-cone-as-a-1qzz2yrr.png FIG. 11. Color online The free energy of the 2.5-60 cone as a function of the applied magnetic field, b is a zoom of the high field region of a , and c is the vorticity of the ground state as a function of the applied magnetic field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-the-free-energy-of-the-4-0-45-cone-as-a-3m9eb796.png FIG. 10. Color online The free energy of the 4.0-45 cone as a function of the applied magnetic field, and b is a zoom of the high field region of a . Solid curves are GVS and the others are different MVSs. c is the vorticity of the ground state as a function of the applied magnetic field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-the-free-energy-of-the-2-5-45-cone-as-a-tnzw5jci.png FIG. 9. Color online The free energy of the 2.5-45 cone as a function of the applied magnetic field. These L giant vortex curves are those of Fig. 3 f , but subjected to distinct stability conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-color-online-apex-angle-versus-applied-field-for-the-1gg3vjwa.png FIG. 17. Color online Apex angle versus applied field for the z0 / =2 cone. According to a , most of this phase diagram is a no vortex L=0 region. b is a zoom over the region that contains vortices L 0 . The green shaded region represents the MVS region, whereas the yellow light region has GVS. c and d are for the cone with z0 / =3, while e and f are for the cone with z0 / =4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-color-online-the-phase-diagram-of-applied-field-11pzkjpk.png FIG. 18. Color online The phase diagram of applied field versus temperature is shown here for selected cones. GVSs with vorticity L are shown near the superconducting-normal boundary. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-coordinate-system-and-the-circular-cone-in-the-1kc5evo0.png FIG. 1. Coordinate system and the circular cone in the presence of an applied field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-color-online-the-plots-of-the-vortex-configuration-32ygxua9.png FIG. 16. Color online The plots of the vortex configuration, Cooper-pair density, and the phase of the order parameter of the MVS 0,7 , 1,7 , and 2,7 at H /Hc2=1.2, 1.19, and 1.21 for the 2.5-60 cone. The Cooper-pair density and the order parameter phase are shown for the z=4 plane. The white hole stands for very low Cooper-pair density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-color-online-the-plots-of-the-vortex-configuration-3plwx0ow.png FIG. 15. Color online The plots of the vortex configuration, Cooper-pair density, and the phase of the order parameter of the MVS 1,5 at the applied magnetic fields H /Hc2=1.06, 1.13, and 1.21 for the 4.0-45 cone. The Cooper-pair density and the order parameter phase are shown for the z=4 and z=2 planes. https://scispace.com/papers/voting-in-the-dutch-ukraine-referendum-a-panel-study-on-the-1wzpdvnhx1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-vote-choice-by-three-sets-of-determinants-moderated-2ctcwu98.png Table 1 Vote choice by three sets of determinants (moderated) Source: National Referendum Survey 2016 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-vote-choice-and-referendum-specific-considerations-28e6sqvr.png Table 2 Vote choice and referendum-specific considerations, by media attention and wave https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-flow-of-voters-between-waves-3bperqeu.png Fig. 6 Flow of voters between waves https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-predicted-probabilities-of-voting-in-favor-of-gnlilmj4.png Fig. 3 Predicted probabilities of voting in favor of ratification, by referendum-specific attitudes and wave https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-predicted-probabilities-of-voting-in-favor-of-2e6mmtgy.png Fig. 2 Predicted probabilities of voting in favor of ratification, by EU-attitude and wave https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-predicted-probabilities-of-voting-in-favor-of-23b2g90r.png Fig. 5 Predicted probabilities of voting in favor of ratification, by referendum-specific attitudes, media attention, and wave https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-predicted-probabilities-of-voting-in-favor-of-3bd2ztxl.png Fig. 1 Predicted probabilities of voting in favor of ratification, by party preference and wave https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptives-of-individual-wave-variables-2khqr85a.png Table 4 Descriptives of individual-wave variables https://scispace.com/papers/vortex-structure-transformation-of-batio3-nanoparticles-537gnpwfor 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-plot-of-toroidal-moment-of-polarization-151snwa0.png FIG. 2. Color online Plot of toroidal moment of polarization vs G11 for BTO nanoparticles under room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-monoclinic-ma-orthorhombic-and-tetragonal-3ut9b3qg.png FIG. 1. Color online Monoclinic MA, orthorhombic, and tetragonal VSs of BTO nanoparticles at room temperature for gradient coefficients G11 of 1.2 a and b , 2.4 c and d , and 3.6 e and f , respectively. a , c , and e show the three-dimensional vortex patterns; b , d , and f illustrate the 1̄22̄ , 011̄ , and 001̄ vortex planes traversing the central spot of the corresponding VS. A, B, and C in e indicate the three monoclinic MA, orthorhombic, and tetragonal vortex centers on the top surface of the respective VS, and O in f is the volume central of the nanoparticle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-variations-of-dimensionless-bulk-energy-density-fl-30g66g3n.png FIG. 3. Variations of dimensionless bulk energy density fL , gradient energy density fG , electrostatic energy density felectro , and elastic energy density fela with respect to the dimensionless gradient coefficient G11 of BTO nanoparticles. https://scispace.com/papers/vr-bbs-using-immersive-virtual-environment-ouu4opr1kw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-result-of-experiment-201cl2pe.png Figure 14. Result of experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-registration-form-of-photograph-264mknz2.png Figure 1. Registration form of photograph https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-photograph-registered-on-the-map-2jvrirn8.png Figure 2. Photograph registered on the map https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-result-of-experiment-b6wci4jv.png Figure 13. Result of experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-edit-of-bookmark-n02bcdt9.png Figure 4. Edit of bookmark https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-edit-of-photograph-information-2ukwua27.png Figure 3. Edit of photograph information https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comment-upload-form-yg19qxbb.png Figure 5. Comment upload form https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bbs-in-cellular-phone-3osd1tf6.png Figure 6. BBS in cellular phone https://scispace.com/papers/vpstya1-and-vpstya2b-of-variovorax-paradoxus-eps-rather-an-43369i3ybe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-nadh-flavin-oxidoreductase-activity-of-vpstya2b-2y72jnbp.png Table 2. NADH:flavin oxidoreductase activity of VpStyA2B-mutants and -wildtype. 206 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-h-biotransformation-of-sulfides-activities-are-ngljye45.png Table 4. 2 h Biotransformation of sulfides. Activities are given in U mg-1 and represent the observed 312 activities determined after 2 h (no initial rates). Conversions of 2 mM substrate are given. 313 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nadh-flavin-oxidoreductase-activity-of-vpstya2b-mw-3u2appg3.png Table 1. NADH:flavin oxidoreductase activity of VpStyA2B (MW = 66.32 kDa which was calculated 157 from the amino acid sequence including the N-terminal tag). 158 https://scispace.com/papers/vs2n-interactive-dynamic-visualization-and-analysis-tool-for-2wn0zhuehh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-vs2n-general-analytics-module-2k6jq1t9.png Fig. 3. VS2N: General Analytics Module https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-network-activity-and-loss-graph-after-30k-input-during-24jnofyx.png Fig. 8. Network activity and loss graph after 30k input (during the prune operation) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-network-activity-a-during-the-first-15k-input-b-during-2u6gwkud.png Fig. 7. Network activity, (A) during the first 15k input, (B) during the last 10k https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-synapses-activity-of-two-randomly-selected-neurons-a-14n3oxjb.png Fig. 9. Synapses activity of two randomly selected neurons, (A) during the first 15k input, (B) after 30k input https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-visual-analysis-workflow-a7lmccxg.png Fig. 1. The visual analysis workflow https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-vs2n-neuron-analytics-module-39hmvj1n.png Fig. 4. VS2N: Neuron Analytics Module https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-vs2n-components-and-used-libraries-for-communication-glcor4cn.png Fig. 2. VS2N components and used libraries for communication https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-vs2n-synapse-analytics-module-1hgkf77q.png Fig. 5. VS2N: Synapse Analytics Module https://scispace.com/papers/vtc5-is-localized-to-the-vacuole-membrane-by-the-conserved-2hcnstl6kj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ap-3-mutation-causes-degradation-of-gfp-vtc-25u90h72.png FIGURE 3: AP-3 mutation causes degradation of GFP-Vtc proteins https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-functional-ap-3-is-required-for-the-maintenance-of-1v60xixg.png FIGURE 5: Functional AP-3 is required for the maintenance of polyP levels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-vtc5-is-localized-to-the-vacuole-membrane-via-the-ai5lvfi3.png FIGURE 6: Vtc5 is localized to the vacuole membrane via the AP-3 complex https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-partial-disruption-of-vtc3-and-vtc4-localization-in-3j54bn2a.png FIGURE 2: Partial disruption of Vtc3 and Vtc4 localization in AP-3 mutants https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-vtc5-is-localized-to-the-vacuole-membrane-via-the-1dhyuage.png FIGURE 1: Vtc5 is localized to the vacuole membrane via the conserved AP-3 pathway https://scispace.com/papers/vsim-visualization-and-simulation-of-variants-in-personal-16uj7x3dc9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-linkage-disequilibrium-evaluation-result-1qcoz077.png Figure 4: Linkage Disequilibrium Evaluation Result https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-used-databases-1d5jl4nv.png Table 1: Used Databases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-workflow-for-analyzing-genomic-sequence-data-of-2hsyt9a3.png Figure 6: The workflow for analyzing genomic sequence data of individuals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-visualization-of-individual-genomes-1c4w96g1.png Figure 1: Visualization of individual genomes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-high-level-overview-over-vsim-work-flow-3nswi3og.png Figure 5: High-level overview over VSIM work-flow https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulation-time-24kyqxo1.png Figure 3: Simulation time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-simulation-result-35xceqqg.png Figure 2: Example of Simulation result https://scispace.com/papers/vulnerability-in-a-stochastic-dynamic-model-1uq575h3i8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-classification-of-households-as-vulnerable-by-ci0c0fz2.png Figure 3: Classification of households as vulnerable by various methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-asset-accumulation-and-risk-selected-household-1g828na8.png Figure 1: Asset Accumulation and Risk (selected household). Source: Elbers et al. (2003). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-welfare-w-for-selected-combinations-of-total-factor-13wq18vx.png Figure 2: Welfare (W ) for selected combinations of total factor productivity and initial capital. 16 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-parameters-fezfjubp.png Table 1: Model Parameters https://scispace.com/papers/vulnerability-assessment-and-re-routing-of-freight-trains-hof161ab0s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-interdicted-nodes-when-cr-100-and-demands-of-all-f474gtxp.png Table A.2: Interdicted nodes when CR=100 and demands of all plants and node capacities are increased by 100 % and 50%, respectively https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-interdicted-nodes-when-cr-100-and-demands-of-all-2qyutip3.png Table A.1: Interdicted nodes when CR=100 and demands of all plants are increased by 100 % https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notation-2045lzcc.png Table 1: Notation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-interdicted-nodes-with-varying-cr-when-r-1840-3lhi04ly.png Table 3: Interdicted nodes with varying CR when R=1840 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-r-552-b-5-and-cr-100-nq8g6gd2.png Figure 2: |R| = 552, b = 5 and CR=100 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-interdicted-nodes-with-varying-cr-when-r-552-7j5agcf1.png Table 2: Interdicted nodes with varying CR when |R|=552 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transportation-and-delay-cost-when-cr-100-1apikuiy.png Figure 3: Transportation and delay cost when CR = 100 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cost-components-v-s-number-of-interdictions-2zbczi1s.png Figure 1: Cost components v.s. number of interdictions https://scispace.com/papers/vulnerability-of-marine-habitats-to-the-invasive-green-alga-1kcnrftjmp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-survey-1-expected-counts-of-c-racemosa-fronds-in-20-3r2n62t7.png Table 4: Survey 1: Expected counts of C. racemosa fronds in 20 x 20 cm quadrats, as predicted by model g6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparisons-among-different-error-distributions-of-12rf8bqs.png Table 3: Comparisons among different error distributions of the response variable (count of C. racemosa fronds in 20 x 20 cm quadrats), based on the full models (g6 for survey 1 and h6 for survey 2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-survey-2-summary-of-the-parameterisation-of-the-r77d0ed3.png Table 2: Survey 2: Summary of the parameterisation of the seven candidate models hi of the counts of C. racemosa fronds in 20 x 20 cm plots in the second survey (patches in P. oceanica meadows). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-survey-1-summary-of-the-parameterisation-of-the-39n2w28r.png Table 1: Survey 1: Summary of the parameterisation of the seven candidate models gi of the counts of C. racemosa fronds in 20 x 20 cm plots. https://scispace.com/papers/vulnerability-to-bushfires-in-rural-australia-a-case-study-40qdwgh5em 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-wulgulmerang-district-2jpz6zjm.png Figure 1: The Wulgulmerang district https://scispace.com/papers/vulnerability-of-antarctica-s-ice-shelves-to-meltwater-4n96hzr2i3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-model-observation-comparison-of-fracture-locations-2uq5u9fj.png Figure 3 | Model-observation comparison of fracture locations. (a) 125m-resolution MOA showing part of the Ross Ice Shelf (location shown by star in inset) and the (b) fracture features (marked in white) identified by the DCNN with good performance (AUC = 0.97; Methods). (c) Stability diagram for dry surface fractures and basal fractures; dimensionless stress ?̃?𝑥𝑥 against dimensionless toughness ?̃?𝐼𝑐. The boundary between the no-fracture and stable-fracture regions is obtained numerically (black and blue curve for surface and basal fracture, respectively) and analytically (red curve for surface fracture, equation 2). Dashed lines denote the boundary between stable and unstable fractures. Dimensionless stress and toughness (equation 1) are computed for every fracture location detected by the DCNN and displayed as a density plot (~32k data points); the colour bar denotes the number of fracture locations that have the same dimensionless values (Methods). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptualizing-the-regions-of-antarctic-ice-1752kgbj.png Figure 1 | Conceptualizing the regions of Antarctic ice shelves that will control the ice sheet’s response to atmospheric warming. Circles represent ice-shelf regions (upper) where meltwater accumulates, (lower-left) that are vulnerable to hydrofracture if covered in meltwater, and (lower-right) where significant buttressing is generated. Images show: (upper) Amery Ice Shelf with water accumulated in large melt ponds, Feb 21, 1989, Landsat 4, NASA; (lower-left) the collapse of Larsen B Ice Shelf, Mar 7, 2002, MODIS, NASA; (lower-right) modelled estimate of buttressing on Larsen C Ice Shelf (Fürst et al. (2016)13; reproduced from their Fig. 3). Regions downstream of the red contour (blue) are relatively unimportant for buttressing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-map-of-ice-shelf-vulnerability-to-hydrofracture-a-3lx2pw30.png Figure 4 | Map of ice-shelf vulnerability to hydrofracture. (a) Water-filled fractures are unstable in vulnerable areas (red & blue) and stable in resilient regions (yellow & green) unless pre-existing surface fractures of depth 𝑑𝑖 exist. Where stresses are sufficiently compressive, water-filled fractures cannot open (black). Present-day meltwater on the (c) Amery (Jan 15/17, 2019, Landsat 8) and (e) George VI (Feb 4, 1991, Landsat 5) ice shelves predominantly lies in regions resilient to hydrofracture (yellow, green & black in (b,d)). Blue denotes regions providing insignificant buttressing13. We find that 60% ±10% of the Antarctic ice shelf area provides buttressing and is vulnerable to hydrofracture (red). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-continent-wide-fracture-map-locations-of-fracture-t48p3eac.png Figure 2 | Continent-wide fracture map. Locations of fracture features classified by the U-Net are marked in white. The model (learning rate = 1.4, momentum = 0.2, decay rate = 0.95) and threshold (= 0.2) that optimize the model performance on the validation set are chosen to generate the fracture map. The performance of the U-Net evaluated against the unseen testing set: AUC = 0.97, sensitivity = 0.63 and specificity = 0.99 (percentage of pixels without fracture not classified as fracture by DCNN). https://scispace.com/papers/vuv-photoionization-and-dissociative-photoionization-1q32kjvudt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computed-appearance-energies-ae-of-different-3a1cd0bt.png Table 1. Computed appearance energies (AE) of different isomeric [AAN-H]+ fragments (m/z = 55). These energies were calculated at the (R)MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level. The experimental value is AEexp = (11.17 ± 0.03) eV (this work). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-experimental-appearance-energies-aeexp-of-fragment-pm7myx81.png Table 2a: Experimental appearance energies (AEexp) of fragment ions with strong intensity observed in the dissociative photoionization of AAN. Calculated appearance AEcalc, using five different methods, are given for different fragmentation pathways (on top of the reaction arrow). The theoretical method is given as a color code: (R)MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ (Opt) (black), (R)CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ https://scispace.com/figures/table-2b-experimental-appearance-energies-aeexp-of-fragment-1y373x91.png Table 2a: Experimental appearance energies (AEexp) of fragment ions with strong intensity observed in the dissociative photoionization of AAN. Calculated appearance AEcalc, using five different methods, are given for different fragmentation pathways (on top of the reaction arrow). The theoretical method is given as a color code: (R)MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ (Opt) (black), (R)CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-of-flight-mass-spectra-of-aminoacetonitrile-l4wyfd8s.png Figure 1: Time-of-flight mass spectra of aminoacetonitrile recorded between 10 and 13.5 eV photon energies (0.5 eV step width). The range of the Y axis is the same for all spectra. https://scispace.com/papers/waam-process-for-metal-block-structure-parts-based-on-mixed-4w406g186c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-44-the-relationship-between-the-bead-amount-and-the-2umjd9un.png Fig. 44 The relationship between the bead amount and the total width https://scispace.com/figures/fig-73-the-cross-section-profile-with-a-deposited-with-the-2eui06j4.png Fig. 73 The cross-section profile with (a) Deposited with the Spray mode (b) Deposited with CMT-P mode https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-difference-between-w-h-and-bead-amount-1mp07yt0.png Table 6 The difference between ∆W ∆h and bead amount https://scispace.com/figures/fig-63-the-generation-of-the-welding-parameters-for-the-34ffzkhk.png Fig. 63 The generation of the welding parameters for the sliced layer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-33-an-overall-view-of-the-deposited-part-a-layer-1-and-b-1qqwfljc.png Fig. 33 an overall view of the deposited part (a) Layer 1 and (b) Layer 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-54-the-simulation-interface-in-robotstudio-1y5t79iq.png Fig. 54 The simulation interface in Robotstudio https://scispace.com/figures/fig-32-overall-view-of-the-deposited-shape-by-pulse-process-1itbxodj.png Fig. 32 Overall view of the deposited shape by Pulse process (a) Layer 1 (b) Layer 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-the-schematic-view-of-the-overlapping-model-a-no-13xmp4ma.png Fig. 16 The schematic view of the overlapping model (a) no overlapping (b), not enough overlapping (c) optimised overlapping (d) too much overlapping.[6] https://scispace.com/papers/w-band-planar-wide-angle-scanning-antenna-architecture-4rm439deo3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-frequency-beam-scanning-calculated-with-siw-formulas-2jdlasvd.png Fig. 2. Frequency beam scanning calculated with SIW formulas and for optimized structures with CST Microwave Studio. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-total-loss-radiated-and-dissipated-power-of-the-2-nd-3krr8wen.png Fig. 11. Total loss, radiated and dissipated power of the 2 nd LWA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-radiation-pattern-measurement-fixture-ieltm0x1.png Fig. 12. Radiation pattern measurement fixture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulated-radiation-pattern-of-2-nd-lwa-frzkm5x6.png Fig. 4. Simulated radiation pattern of 2 nd LWA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulated-radiation-pattern-of-3-rd-lwa-1x3tj1m0.png Fig. 5. Simulated radiation pattern of 3 rd LWA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulated-radiation-pattern-of-1-st-lwa-23fukvas.png Fig. 3. Simulated radiation pattern of 1 st LWA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-s-parameters-of-the-2-nd-lwa-35hgppzg.png Fig. 10. S-parameters of the 2 nd LWA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-measured-multi-sector-radiation-pattern-of-the-3-g4ipu9m4.png Fig. 16. Measured multi-sector radiation pattern of the 3-antenna setup. https://scispace.com/papers/wacco-and-loko-strong-consistency-at-global-scale-448qp180y9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2-impact-on-various-measurements-of-varying-p-max-17tirt4o.png Figure 7.2: Impact on various measurements of varying P ′max, with u = 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3-cdfs-of-latency-as-c-and-b-change-16ydo5pi.png Figure 6.3: CDFs of latency as c and b change https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4-cdfs-of-latencies-ms-when-using-backups-with-u-0-27o9nv6e.png Figure 5.4: CDFs of latencies (ms) when using backups, with u = 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-5-execution-histories-for-a-single-object-time-3u353lhy.png Figure 2.5: Execution histories for a single object. Time increases left-to-right. Each row denotes one client. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-execution-histories-for-a-single-object-time-1eh6aexd.png Figure 4.1: Execution histories for a single object. Time increases left-to-right. Each row denotes one client. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2-the-effects-of-changing-b-1b7it71b.png Figure 6.2: The effects of changing b. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-execution-histories-for-a-single-object-time-3feilmgw.png Figure 2.2: Execution histories for a single object. Time increases left-to-right. Each row denotes one client. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-an-sequentially-consistent-execution-history-for-q5frgue3.png Figure 2.4: An sequentially consistent execution history for a single object. Time increases left-to-right. Each row denotes one process. https://scispace.com/papers/vuv-absorbing-vapours-in-n-perfluorocarbons-4r9ii75ezq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-some-properties-of-fluorocarbons-a-and-l0-refer-to-16rn2o0i.png Table 1: Some properties of fluorocarbons. A and λ0 refer to the Sellmeier parameterisation of the refractive index as (n− 1) = A/ [λ−20 − λ−2 ] . A is given for the gas at NTP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-photon-absorption-coefficient-for-a-alkanes-and-b-2i3tcxo0.png Figure 4: Photon absorption coefficient for (a) alkanes and (b) for alkenes. (a) is for atmospheric pressure and 25 ◦C. The decatic molar absorption coefficient, ε, is defined by A=-log10T=ε×b×c, where b is the path length in cm and c is the molar concentration in mol/litre. The right-hand axis of (b) gives the absorption coefficient in units of /cm/bar for c=0.044 mol/l. Data replotted from reference [18] and [19]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-is-the-photon-absorption-in-a-gas-from-saturated-39f10smt.png Figure 9: (a) is the photon absorption in a gas from saturated carbon. The solid line is a fit with a period of 160 cm−1. (b) shows the fluorescence in this wavelength range. Data replotted from [21]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-transparency-of-two-samples-a-and-b-of-c4f10-for-a-mp90emt2.png Figure 1: Transparency of two samples, [a] and [b], of C4F10 for a 15 cm long absorption length at NTP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-is-the-photon-absorption-coefficient-for-c6h6-is-1vq5p94c.png Figure 5: (a) is the photon absorption coefficient for C6H6. + is our measurement and the solid line is data replotted from reference [20], [21] and [22]. (b) is the photon absorption coefficient for C2H2. × is our measurement. The line is data from [23]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-transparency-of-a-sample-of-c4f10-for-a-20-cm-87rhyyde.png Figure 8: (a) Transparency of a sample of C4F10 for a 20 cm long absorption length at 2.3 bar absolute. The solid line is a possible fit with C2H2 at 130 ppm, C2H4 at 11 ppm, other alkenes at 0.3 ppm and C6H6 at 0.3 ppm. (b) Transparency of a sample of C4F10 for a 500 cm long absorption length at NTP. The solid line is a possible fit with C2H2 at 75 ppm, C2H4 at .025 ppm, other alkenes at 0 ppm and C6H6 at 0.05 ppm. Oxygen and water is set to the measured value of 2 ppm. Rayleigh scattering is also added for the 5 meter scattering length. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-abundance-of-elements-as-function-on-m-z-for-a-3uabd2uz.png Figure 7: (a) Abundance of elements as function on m/z for a raw C4F10 gas. The integral is set equal 1. (b) is the relative abundance of elements as function on m/z for a raw and a clean C4F10 gas defined by the ratio [Abundanceraw−Abundanceclean]/[Abundanceraw+Abundanceclean]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sketches-of-the-working-principle-of-the-measuring-3hi010bi.png Figure 2: Sketches of the working principle of the measuring systems. https://scispace.com/papers/wafer-level-vacuum-packaging-enabled-by-plastic-deformation-1ixt3lm789 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cross-sectional-sem-images-of-different-sealing-rings-1pkup5up.png Fig. 5. Cross-sectional SEM images of different sealing rings and corresponding grooves at the bond interface: (a) is from an O2G1 design. The dashed line indicates the interface between the cap wafer and the device wafer; (b) is from an O3G2 design with a groove distance of 3 µm; (c) and (d) represent O3G3 designs with different groove distances of 3 µm and 1.5 µm, respectively. In (d) the left groove separation wall is broken. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-measured-deflection-of-a-cavity-diaphragm-by-white-28zebpiv.png Fig. 6. Measured deflection of a cavity diaphragm by white-light interferometry. The zero-level (red area) refers to the initial flat wafer surface. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-results-from-residual-gas-analysis-rga-of-three-vgu4me6k.png TABLE II RESULTS FROM RESIDUAL GAS ANALYSIS (RGA) OF THREE SEALED VACUUM CAVITIES WITH DIFFERENT SEALING RING DESIGNS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-cavity-diaphragm-deflections-measured-by-optical-3aqw5gmv.png Fig. 7. Cavity diaphragm deflections measured by optical interferometry over a period of 97 days. The data are collected from 24 diaphragms randomly chosen out of the 93 diaphragms located at different positions on the wafer, and have been compensated for varying ambient pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-drawing-of-our-sealing-approach-the-close-up-2r4hme7r.png Fig. 1. Schematic drawing of our sealing approach. The close-up images indicate evaluated design variations of the sealing ring structures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-key-dimensions-of-different-evaluated-sealing-jm94dpn0.png TABLE I KEY DIMENSIONS OF DIFFERENT EVALUATED SEALING STRUCTURE DESIGNS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-top-image-the-cap-substrate-o2g1-sealing-ring-design-1q1enh66.png Fig. 8. Top image: The cap substrate (O2G1 sealing ring design) is completely detached from the device substrate after shear testing (the first failure type). Bottom image: SEM top view of the area in the cap substrate where the Cu sealing ring is completely detached from the device substrate and embedded into the groove of the cap substrate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cross-sectional-view-of-the-process-flow-of-the-vacuum-2qaozxd1.png Fig. 2. Cross-sectional view of the process flow of the vacuum sealing method. (a) Mold-defined electroplating of Cu rings on the device wafer. (b) Si DRIE of the grooves and cavities and Cu deposition on the cap wafer, followed by alignment of the two wafers. (c) Joining and bonding of the wafers inside a vacuum chamber at a temperature of 250 ◦C, resulting in sealing of the enclosed cavities. (d) Thinning of the cap wafer to form deflected diaphragms for leak rate testing. https://scispace.com/papers/wage-adjustment-and-productivity-shocks-31fspsmal5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-first-stage-regressions-1d4xwrdk.png Table 4: First-Stage Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-effects-of-productivity-on-the-selection-of-1f0l4eu9.png Table 7: The Effects of Productivity on the Selection of Workers https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-impact-of-productivity-on-individual-wages-ols-2sb6se1t.png Table 3: The Impact of Productivity on Individual Wages. OLS and IV Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-output-and-input-growth-rates-1ht481ln.png Figure 2: Distribution of output and input growth rates. Vertical lines indicate truncation limits. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-impact-of-different-deflators-and-output-2uotqpke.png Table 8: The impact of different deflators and output measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ols-and-iv-with-decreasing-and-constant-returns-to-r1q6xe1m.png Table 5: OLS and IV with Decreasing and Constant Returns to Scale https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-returns-to-scale-regression-2mzy5jc2.png Table 1: Returns to Scale Regression https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-annual-wage-growth-for-blue-collar-workers-in-the-12fbvilo.png Figure 1: Annual wage growth for blue collar workers in the private sector, actual and bargained wages. Source: National Mediation Office. https://scispace.com/papers/wage-and-workforce-adjustments-in-the-economic-crisis-in-4fv9thvolz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentages-of-employees-reporting-wage-and-ydaar2ks.png Figure 1. Percentages of employees reporting wage and workforce adjustments in organizations affected by the crisis, by country and quarter. Source: WageIndicator data 2009/08–2010/12, selection employees (Germany N = 22,975, Netherlands N = 13,155). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-wage-and-workforce-adjustment-1vtdjat8.png Figure 2. Distribution of wage and workforce adjustment combinations in crisis-hit organizations, by country and quarter. Source: WageIndicator data 2009/08–2010/12, selection employees (Germany N = 22,975, Netherlands N = 13,155). https://scispace.com/papers/wage-premia-for-skills-the-complementarity-of-cognitive-and-4k5q0i1qcm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-personality-traits-by-gender-ll59jn9n.png Figure 1 Distribution of personality traits by gender https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-log-hourly-wage-estimates-1bvexwnf.png Table 1 Log-hourly wage estimates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-marginal-effects-of-numeracy-on-wages-by-358qwiln.png Figure 2 Average marginal effects of numeracy on wages by neuroticism level for men and women https://scispace.com/papers/wages-and-human-capital-in-finance-international-evidence-2w55plw4cz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-finance-relative-skilled-wage-361g0w8o.png Figure 4: Finance Relative Skilled Wage https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-finance-relative-wages-descriptive-regressions-in-vh29nrj2.png Table 7: Finance Relative Wages: Descriptive Regressions in Levels, Anglo-Saxon versus Other Countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-finance-relative-ict-capital-share-3o5dno49.png Table 2: Finance Relative ICT Capital Share https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-immigration-and-employment-in-finance-39eo4ss4.png Table 11: Immigration and Employment in Finance https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-financial-regulation-15qez2lm.png Table 3: Financial Regulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-finance-relative-skill-intensity-1auay3pu.png Figure 5: Finance Relative Skill Intensity https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-finance-relative-wages-descriptive-regressions-in-1pblyvhg.png Table 6: Finance Relative Wages: Descriptive Regressions in Levels https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-bank-concentration-finance-relative-wages-pf0kfv08.png Table 10: Bank Concentration & Finance Relative Wages: Descriptive Regressions in Levels, 2000-2005 https://scispace.com/papers/wages-and-unemployment-across-business-cycles-a-high-3bz2vumajn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-8-alternative-seasonal-adjustment-1991-2001-and-2008-2rshmrrk.png Table C.8: Alternative Seasonal Adjustment: 1991, 2001, and 2008 Recessions https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-2-distribution-of-wage-log-differences-long-term-2i5sh1ps.png Table C.2: Distribution of Wage Log-Differences - Long-Term Unemployed https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-distribution-of-wage-log-differences-short-term-4cna8cjf.png Table C.1: Distribution of Wage Log-Differences - Short-Term Unemployed https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3lsclvnl.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1d5vijhe.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3ov3tms9.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-2-distribution-of-average-log-wage-differences-long-3aol3ln7.png Table B.2: Distribution of (Average) Log-Wage Differences - Long-Term Unemployed https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-3-benchmark-1996-and-2004-expansions-2ptnlhxj.png Table B.3: Benchmark: 1996 and 2004 Expansions https://scispace.com/papers/wages-work-intensity-and-unemployment-in-japan-uk-and-usa-2kj1ufwwc2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-worker-based-wage-equations-3l0jaf9p.png Table 1: Worker-based wage equations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1cuajszu.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hours-based-wage-equations-2e5chl5i.png Table 2: Hours-based wage equations https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-long-run-coefficients-2p76ho7z.png Table 3: Estimated long-run coefficients https://scispace.com/papers/wages-in-high-tech-start-ups-do-academic-spin-offs-pay-a-3tcgr6x698 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-composition-of-high-tech-industry-sectors-1hjfqm3f.png Table 7 Composition of high-tech industry sectors https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-employees-in-high-tech-start-ups-3hkvbj5m.png Table 2 Employees in high-tech start-ups https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-samples-of-spin-offs-and-non-spin-3erzd4hk.png Table 1 Overview of the samples of spin-offs and non-spin-offs https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-determinants-of-the-logarithmic-daily-gross-wage-zlz21aed.png Table 5 Determinants of the (logarithmic) daily gross wage – results of the HausmanTaylor model https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-comparison-of-the-pooled-ols-random-effects-fixed-25lf2zh2.png Table 9 Comparison of the pooled OLS, random effects, fixed effects and HausmanTaylor model https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-wording-of-questions-that-identify-academic-spin-3dn5elgf.png Table 8 Wording of questions that identify academic spin-offs https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gross-annual-wages-by-employment-status-in-euro-of-cazt2l20.png Table 3 Gross annual wages by employment status (in Euro of 2006) https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-descriptive-statistics-of-explanatory-variables-by-2hlr7o7e.png Table 11 Descriptive statistics of explanatory variables by start-up group https://scispace.com/papers/waiting-for-godot-welfare-attitudes-in-portugal-before-and-gxllmldm0o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multinominal-logistic-regression-coefficients-1teqhrti.png Table 3. Multinominal logistic regression coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-standard-deviations-within-brackets-and-2p1mug5s.png Table 1. Means, standard deviations (within brackets) and statistical significance of the indicators of opinion on state responsibility for welfare provision in 2008 and 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-unstandardized-ols-regression-coefficients-1kv6c9rh.png Table 5. Unstandardized OLS regression coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unstandardized-ols-regression-coefficients-1pefrkr1.png Table 2. Unstandardized OLS regression coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-unstandardized-ols-regression-coefficients-erds7y2v.png TABLE 4. Unstandardized OLS regression coefficients https://scispace.com/papers/waiting-time-characteristics-in-cyclic-queues-4xk8lyzp7d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-input-parameters-e70ku6mc.png Table 4: Input parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-percentage-errors-of-the-moment-iteration-sabhcago.png Table 2: Average percentage errors of the moment-iteration method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-settings-3u25xh75.png Table 1: Parameter settings https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-numerical-results-1twxlf9u.png Table 5: Numerical results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-model-2gax30er.png Figure 1: Schematic representation of the model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-maximal-percentage-errors-of-the-moment-iteration-342q7nk9.png Table 3: Maximal percentage errors of the moment-iteration method. https://scispace.com/papers/wake-acoustic-analysis-and-image-decomposition-via-4iacb5nz8d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-full-decomposition-and-reconstruction-wavelet-tree-16cksyed.png Figure 3. Full decomposition and reconstruction wavelet tree for m=2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-signal-reconstruction-using-complementary-synthesis-313218g6.png Figure 2. Signal reconstruction using complementary synthesis filter bank https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-difference-image-fig-11-b-minus-fig-11-a-the-1fjjd80n.png Figure 12. Difference image Fig. 11-(b) minus Fig. 11-(a). The frames corresponding to lower subspaces show larger differences. That is, the deeper the decomposition the more the wavelet representation becomes different than the decomposition with Fourier-based filters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-multiresolution-decomposition-of-the-sampled-signal-18lph73w.png Figure 4. Multiresolution decomposition of the sampled signal, and reconstruction of the low resolution signal approximation f0(n) as well as the individual signal projections on each of the wavelet subspaces for m=2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-validation-of-the-wavelet-multi-resolution-1gru28pe.png Figure 11. Validation of the wavelet multi-resolution analysis. (a) Frames from beamforming in multiresolution sub-bands using long band pass filters with the frequency responses depicted in Fig. 11. (b) Frames from beamforming in wavelet subspaces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-image-formed-from-beamforming-in-wavelet-sub-ziiztuhs.png Figure 9. (a) Image formed from beamforming in wavelet sub-spaces. (b) Thresholded image based on the SNR for each frame. (c)Masks created after detecting and removing the airplane regions using component labeling and horizontal projection of each component. (d) Masks representing the wake regions only. (e) Resulting image projections containing everything except the wake region. (f) Resulting image projections with the wake regions only. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-flow-chart-illustrating-the-process-of-performing-m-33a4qfw7.png Figure 5. Flow chart illustrating the process of performing m=2 wavelet decomposition of N microphone signals, projecting each of the signals in the approximation space V0 and the wavelet spaces W0 and W1, then finally beamforming the projections of all signals on the same subspace to generate an AIDM corresponding to this particular projection. Since for this illustration we have m=2, therefore we get 3 AIDMs for each processing time interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-computation-of-wavelet-coefficients-using-an-2a6kof70.png Figure 1. Computation of wavelet coefficients using an analysis bank https://scispace.com/papers/waiting-times-and-socioeconomic-status-evidence-from-england-4rnfmu0s7t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimated-hazard-curves-2oy9lh2c.png Figure 3. Estimated hazard curves https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cox-proportional-hazard-models-3784e6jd.png Table 5. Cox proportional hazard models https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-1e40vxmh.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kernel-density-plot-of-patient-waiting-time-va9nfv7i.png Figure 1: Kernel density plot of patient waiting time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-dependent-hazard-ratios-by-quintiles-of-c59jwspo.png Figure 4. Time-dependent hazard ratios by quintiles of deprivation in education; estimates from Model 2c; baseline: patients from the least education-deprived quintile. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ols-results-dependent-variable-log-waiting-time-1ch7f4gv.png Table 4. OLS results. Dependent variable: log(waiting time) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-indeces-of-multiple-deprivation-imd-252rzy7t.png Table 2. Indeces of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cross-tabulation-of-imd-income-domain-and-skills-sub-3fyqt641.png Table 3. Cross-tabulation of IMD* income domain and skills sub-domain quintiles https://scispace.com/papers/waiting-time-estimates-in-symmetric-atm-oriented-rings-with-10t74ssey1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-full-slot-trajectory-in-an-atm-oriented-ring-with-9v2jn94y.png Fig. 1. A full-slot trajectory in an ATM-oriented ring with the destination release of used slots. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-delays-for-case-f-with-two-stations-3kxeomkh.png TABLE III DELAYS FOR CASE F WITH TWO STATIONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-markovian-server-routing-model-for-atmrs-2ew4v1ya.png Fig. 2. The Markovian server routing model for ATMR’s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-expected-minipacket-delays-versus-relative-load-2rnv7p64.png Fig. 5. The expected minipacket delays versus relative load per station in CasePN with ten stations and 30 slots in the ring. https://scispace.com/papers/wake-of-the-mod-0a1-wind-turbine-at-two-rotor-diameters-4r5g487ocs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-profiles-of-turbulence-properties-in-the-wake-of-3b0u5am3.png FIGURE 17. Profiles of turbulence properties in the wake of the MOD-OAl at x/D = 2. Symbols: 0 root mean square axial wind speed fluc- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-graphs-of-measured-wind-turbine-parameters-and-vpa-1lgqwn23.png FIGURE 5. Graphs of measured wind turbine parameters and VPA-measured winds surrounding the time selected for study of the turbine wake on https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-expanded-graphs-of-selected-variables-measured-2o3mhs5m.png FIGURE 6. Expanded graphs of selected variables measured during the selected study period Ia: a) turbine parameters, b) and c) axial wind speeds at positions 1, 2, 3, 13 and 14 on the VPA; d), e) and f) axial wind speeds at positions 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 on the VPA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nondimensiona1-wind-speed-deficit-at-x-d-2-85-in-28qa8k9c.png FIGURE 3. Nondimensiona1 wind speed deficit at x/D = 2.85, in the wake described in Figure 2, as a function of free-stream wind speed, U. (Adapted https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-wake-observation-with-several-simple-3joteke4.png TABLE 1. Comparison of Wake Observation With Several Simple Wake Models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-power-spectral-density-curves-of-axial-wind-speed-2tlef3zm.png FIGURE 8. Power spectral density curves of axial wind speed at two hub-height locations on the VPA during the study period Ia. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-spectral-assessment-of-the-existence-of-a-tip-2j4z5xw4.png FIGURE 14. Spectral assessment of the existence of a tip vortex at x/O = 2: a) spectrum of axial wind speed at hub height for a nonwake case; b) spectrum of the same component of wind on the left edge of the wake at hub height. (The data in the gap of spectrum (b) is not https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nondimensional-plot-of-vertical-profiles-of-wind-15uenvtc.png FIGURE 1. Nondimensional plot of vertical profiles of wind speed deficit at the nominal center plane of the wake of an 18-m diameter, 2-bladed HAWT at x/O = 5.5. Symbols: 0 Uoo = 6.9 ms- l , P = 16 kW; 0 Uoo = 8.2 ms- l , P = 35 kW. (Adapted from Faxen 1978). https://scispace.com/papers/wake-turbulence-observed-behind-an-upstream-extra-particle-2e4l43ku4a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-kinetic-energy-distributions-inside-the-turbulent-wake-958m9wtw.png FIG. 2. Kinetic energy distributions inside the turbulent wake. The dots were obtained by imposing the particle positions reduced to the same origin (≡ current projectile position) taken in 10 consecutive frames inside narrow slabs of 0.2 mm width: (a) transversally to the projectile path at a distance 0.8 mm from the origin; (b) along the projectile path centered at the origin. The transverse distribution of the energy appeared to be nearly symmetric with respect to the origin (the projectile is located at y = 0 in (a)). In the near field at | y |≤ 2 mm the energy distribution is fitted well by the exponential function E ∝ exp(−κ|y|) with the anomalously high inverse width κ = L−1turb = 3.7 ± 0.9 mm −1 (the dashed line). In the far field the energy follows well the ’normal’ exponential decay law with κ = L−1norm = 16 mm −1 (the dotted line). The dash-dotted line in (b) is the solution (3-4) computed with the data of Table I. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-vorticity-top-panels-divergency-middle-panels-maps-of-31rvfehf.png FIG. 1. Vorticity (top panels), divergency (middle panels) maps of the velocity field, and phonon energy distributions (bottom panels) in the wake of the strongly scattered (left column) and the channeled (right column) upstream particle. The upstream particle tracks are shown by small open circles. The bent trace of the strongly scattered particle, which is moving upwards from the left lower corner to the right in the left maps, is immediately turbulent. In contrast, the very weakly turbulent wake behind the channeled particle is easy recognizable only at the cloud edge far away from the origin. The channeled particle track is running from the right side to the left in the maps. In every map, the cross indicates the current position of the upstream particle at same time moment at which the maps were calculated. In the bottom panels, the black, grey, and light grey dots represent phonon spectra obtained for the time moment corresponding to the upper panels, and the two next moments delayed by 0.016 s respectively. The dotted line indicates the Kolmogorov turbulent spectrum ∝ k−5/3, and the dashed line the equilibrium phonon spectrum ∝ exp (−k/kT ), kT = 1.1 ± 0.04 cm −1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-compressional-and-transverse-sound-speed-cl-t-2d2s52xj.png TABLE I. Compressional and transverse sound speed CL,T , projectile mean velocity 〈V 〉 and velocity V inst at time of Fig. 1, the spatial damping increment κ, and the thermal diffusivity χ for the ’normal’ channeling (case 1, Fig. 1 right panels) and ’abnormal’ strong scattering event (case 2, Fig. 1 left panels). https://scispace.com/papers/wakeup-scheduling-for-energy-efficient-communication-in-4fing0soto 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-energy-consumption-of-smartphones-3b9noy91.png TABLE I ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF SMARTPHONES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-preserving-scheduling-consistency-the-pairwise-wakeup-3kmcf4sn.png Fig. 8. Preserving scheduling consistency. The pairwise wakeup period satisfies the requirement of contact probability at both 𝐴 and 𝐵. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-integration-of-pairwise-wakeup-periods-if-pairwise-3uw7f1tj.png Fig. 6. Integration of pairwise wakeup periods. If pairwise wakeup periods overlap, the newly scheduled wakeup period will be changed to happen earlier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-illustration-of-scheduling-inconsistency-when-actually-1oljsj6t.png Fig. 7. Illustration of scheduling inconsistency. When 𝐴 actually contacts 𝐵 at time 𝑡𝑐 , 𝐵 has already been asleep and the contact is missed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-energy-consumption-of-periodic-contact-probing-2yeuf0ko.png Fig. 1. Energy consumption of periodic contact probing. Existing energy saving schemes only avoid repetitive contact probing within contact durations, but ignore more unnecessary contact probing during inter-contact times. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-energy-efficiency-of-opportunistic-communication-with-qhusmpyy.png Fig. 10. Energy efficiency of opportunistic communication with different different performance requirements, specified by the value of parameter 𝑝. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-energy-efficiency-of-opportunistic-communication-with-z1vg42oa.png Fig. 9. Energy efficiency of opportunistic communication with different data lifetime. Compare-and-Forward strategy is used in the Infocom trace. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-wakeup-scheduling-at-a-node-independently-schedules-fpg6f218.png Fig. 2. Wakeup scheduling at a node 𝐴. 𝐴 independently schedules pairwise wakeup periods with its contacted neighbors 𝐵 and 𝐶, and then integrates these pairwise wakeup periods to generate its cumulative wakeup schedule. https://scispace.com/papers/walk-the-talk-leader-behavior-in-parental-education-groups-43x1hxrgbm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-duration-of-leader-behavior-and-participant-time-3n0024cb.png Figure 1. Duration of leader behavior and participant time for the different descriptions of their own role. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-frequency-of-leader-behavior-for-the-different-3ex0bgms.png Table 5. Frequency of leader behavior for the different descriptions of their own role https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-frequency-of-leader-behavior-for-the-different-5i2p4pw2.png Figure 2. Frequency of leader behavior for the different descriptions of their own role. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participants-in-nine-pe-groups-a-i-at-16-sessions-1p25kec5.png Table 1. Participants in nine PE groups (A-I) at 16 sessions targeting expectant and new parents. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-duration-of-leader-behavior-and-participant-time-for-2lxrm3b6.png Table 4. Duration of leader behavior and participant time for the different descriptions of their own role https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-leaders-description-of-their-role-in-pe-groups-yrsktcjd.png Table 2. Leaders’ description of their role in PE groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-leader-behaviors-and-leader-roles-based-on-what-they-32qvo2wg.png Table 3. Leader behaviors and leader roles based on what they do working with PE groups. https://scispace.com/papers/walking-when-intoxicated-an-investigation-of-the-factors-3eg36ar8di 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hierarchical-multiple-regression-predicting-1l3te8v3.png Table 3 Hierarchical Multiple Regression Predicting Intentions to Drink Walk https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-means-standards-deviations-and-cyz86wek.png Table 2 Correlations, Means, Standards Deviations (and Reliabilities) for the Extended TPB Predictors and Drink Walking Intention (N = 215) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-n-215-2lgok5hq.png Table 1 Demographic Characteristics (N = 215) https://scispace.com/papers/walking-stability-of-a-variable-length-inverted-pendulum-3uvp625fiw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-projection-of-the-vlip-motion-in-horizontal-plane-3bbmg7m7.png Fig. 10: The projection of the VLIP motion in horizontal plane for 40 steps when kS = 0, kD = 1. The black curves represent the CoM evolution, the blue circles represent the stance foot placements, and the blue lines represent the swiching manifold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-com-position-and-velocity-evolutions-for-50-steps-1vhj0m9c.png Fig. 18: CoM position and velocity evolutions for 50 steps when kS = 0, kD = 1 in the local reference frame. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-influence-of-ks-and-kd-on-the-eigenvalues-contrary-to-1aim63l8.png Fig. 5: Influence of kS and kD on the eigenvalues. Contrary to the white areas, the colored areas indicate self-stabilization condition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-maximal-norm-of-eigenvalues-for-different-zdm-when-ks-plnp2lx6.png Fig. 6: Maximal norm of eigenvalues for different żdm when kS = 0, kD = 0. Contrary to the white areas, the colored areas indicate self-stabilization condition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-the-projection-of-the-vlip-motion-in-horizontal-plane-j9aitnrq.png Fig. 15: The projection of the VLIP motion in horizontal plane for 40 steps when kS = 0, kD = 0. The black curves represent the CoM evolution, the blue circles represent the stance foot placements, and the blue lines represent the swiching manifold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-com-position-and-velocity-evolutions-for-40-steps-2ypb5a7r.png Fig. 16: CoM position and velocity evolutions for 40 steps when kS = 0, kD = 0 in the local reference frame. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-the-projection-of-the-vlip-motion-in-horizontal-plane-p1t3kn8m.png Fig. 17: The projection of the VLIP motion in horizontal plane for 50 steps when kS = 0, kD = 1. The black curves represent the CoM evolution, the blue circles represent the stance foot placements, and the blue lines represent the swiching manifold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-influence-of-ks-and-kd-on-the-foot-locations-a-step-23wj4eb4.png Fig. 3: Influence of kS and kD on the foot locations. a) Step length and width are fixed; b) The initial CoM position error is nullified; c) The general case. The black and the red dots represent respectively the stance feet during the current and the next steps. The curved line represents the CoM trajectory, and the cross the CoM position at the end of the current step. https://scispace.com/papers/walking-in-an-unstable-environment-strategies-used-by-ykiy53buu0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-representation-of-the-calculation-of-the-ml-cbtn9hmw.png Fig 2 Schematic representation of the calculation of the ML (A) and AP (B) MoS. Trajectories of the margin of the BoS (solid line), CoM (dashed line), and XCoM (dotted line) are shown for a period of approximately 2 steps. The XCoM is calculated as the position of the CoM plus its velocity times a factor O(l⁄g), with l being the maximal height of the origin of the pelvis and g the acceleration of gravity. The MoS is the difference between the trajectory of the XCoM and the margin of the BoS for the moment at which the MoS reached its minimum value within the period of 1 step (represented by the arrows). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-and-sd-of-walking-speed-a-step-frequency-b-13zlvvjj.png Fig 3 Average and SD of walking speed (A), step frequency (B), step length (C), and step width (D) for amputees (white symbols; nZ9) and healthy controls (black symbols; nZ9). Abbreviations: NW, normal walking; P, perturbation. þSignificant group effects. *Significant contrasts between normal walking and perturbed walking and/or between normal walking and walking with gait adaptability task. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-and-sd-of-ls-step-a-backward-mos-b-and-ml-mos-3vk9pvkg.png Fig 4 Average and SD of ls-step (A), backward MoS (B), and ML MoS (C) for amputees (white symbols; nZ9) and healthy controls (black symbols; nZ9). Abbreviations: NW, normal walking; P, perturbation. þSignificant group effects. *Significant contrasts between normal walking and perturbed walking and/or between normal walking and walking with gait adaptability task. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-subject-characteristics-for-amputees-10t2chi7.png Table 1 Subject characteristics for amputees https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-experimental-setup-caren-and-virtual-scene-b-ml-38kubu0w.png Fig 1 (A) Experimental setup: CAREN and virtual scene. (B) ML balance perturbation with the perturbation pattern in the right panel. (C) Gait adaptability task with an example of a target in the right panel. The white dots represent a projection of the knee markers. The distance between the knee marker, in this example the left knee marker, and the center of the target was used as an outcome measure for the accuracy of the knee movements while performing the gait adaptability task. https://scispace.com/papers/walking-without-a-map-ranking-based-traversal-for-querying-13xphv4la7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-approaches-to-prioritize-uri-lookups-13z97pbx.png Figure 1. Approaches to prioritize URI lookups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-about-the-reachable-subwebs-of-test-1k45jend.png Table 1. Statistics about the reachable subwebs of test queries Q1– Q6 over test Web W 62,47test . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relative-response-times-for-queries-q1-to-q6-over-27uil8z9.png Figure 2. Relative response times for queries Q1 to Q6 over test Web W 62,47test as achieved by employing the different approaches to prioritize URI lookups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-cases-in-which-the-approaches-achieve-24i9rtvj.png Table 2. Percentage of cases in which the approaches achieve response times that are at least 10% worse (resp. 10% better) than the baseline. https://scispace.com/papers/wall-street-and-the-housing-bubble-1zvxh47yap 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-buying-a-second-home-or-swapping-up-rz9zrobz.png Table 5: Buying a Second Home or Swapping Up https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-robustness-34k1whsf.png Table 6: Robustness https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-people-3clhk5we.png Table 1: People https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-value-to-income-2ki3yjjg.png Table 9: Value-to-Income https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-trading-performance-indices-21vcxiyo.png Figure 5: Trading Performance Indices https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-properties-3nyp7mfz.png Table 2: Properties https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-performance-index-1rip07kw.png Table 7: Performance Index https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-income-lqngimhy.png Table 3: Income https://scispace.com/papers/war-aims-and-war-outcomes-why-powerful-states-lose-limited-39ow2vvy6h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proportion-of-successful-interventions-by-primary-2d3ust9k.png Figure 2 Proportion of Successful Interventions by Primary Political Objective Type https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-logit-analysis-of-major-power-military-intervention-18g35qsh.png Table 1 Logit Analysis of Major Power Military Intervention Success, 1946-2001 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typology-of-political-objectives-2fyzqpxd.png Figure 1 Typology of Political Objectives https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-logit-analysis-results-with-change-in-the-predicted-3furoae7.png Table 2 Logit Analysis Results with Change in the Predicted Probability of Intervention Success https://scispace.com/papers/warm-up-and-performance-in-competitive-swimming-4ff7rknd36 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-possible-recommendations-for-active-warm-up-prior-to-283mkjug.png Table 2 Possible recommendations for active warm-up prior to competitive swimming https://scispace.com/papers/warm-water-pathways-in-the-northeastern-north-atlantic-acce-5a9k5x52ob 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-float-summary-1i4a2ddf.png Table 1. Float Summary https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-composite-rafos-float-track-diagram-all-rafos-float-2vf7fojd.png Figure 2. Composite RAFOS float track diagram. All RAFOS float trajectories are shown. Float launch positions are marked with an ‘x’; surface positions with a dot. Float tracks are represented as solid black lines, and untrackable segments as dashed lines. Bathymetry is as in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rafos-float-ballasting-temperature-performance-3elvot1m.png Table 2. RAFOS Float Ballasting/Temperature Performance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-as-in-figure-2-but-for-rafos-floats-launched-along-33jz04v4.png Figure 4. As in Figure 2, but for RAFOS floats launched along the eastern boundary of the Atlantic. a) All RAFOS floats launched along the EB during the WWP experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-expanded-view-of-launch-locations-for-the-three-r-v-j829m527.png Figure 3. Expanded view of launch locations for the three R/V Knorr cruises. a) ACCE 1 (KN147) in November-December 1996 off the Porcupine Bank. ALFOS deployments were floats 99 and 100. b) ACCE 2 (KN151) in May-June 1997. c) two panel, ACCE 3 (KN154) in October-November 1997. Bathymetry is represented as in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rafos-float-duration-chart-showing-length-of-each-12bay4y8.png Figure 4. As in Figure 2, but for RAFOS floats launched along the eastern boundary of the Atlantic. a) All RAFOS floats launched along the EB during the WWP experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rafos-float-clock-and-argos-information-1ea5ybin.png Table 3. RAFOS Float Clock and ARGOS Information https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-rafos-float-track-gallery-each-tracked-float-is-33724cbv.png Figure 6. RAFOS float track gallery. Each tracked float is presented with bathymetry as in Figure 1. The launch position of each float is marked with a black-outlined white dot. Untrackable segments are drawn with a dashed line, trackable with a solid line. The float tracks are presented within three possible latitude/longitude limits depending on float location: 42-66N 5-40W, 42-66N 25-60W, or 32-56N 5-40W. https://scispace.com/papers/warm-pleasant-feelings-in-the-brain-54innv2396 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-activations-correlating-with-pleasantness-in-the-8gxey5vc.png Fig. 4. Activations correlating with pleasantness in the ventral striatum. a. SPM analysis showing a correlation in the ventral striatumwith peak at [−2 20 −4] between the BOLD signal and the pleasantness ratings of the four thermal stimuli. For this ventral striatal region, (b) shows the positive correlation between the subjective pleasantness ratings for positive values of the ratings and the BOLD signal (r=0.98, df=7, pb0.001) (c) shows the positive correlation between the subjective pleasantness ratings for negative values of the ratings and the BOLD signal (r=0.81, df=7, p=0.015); (d) shows that there is little correlation between the subjective intensity ratings and the BOLD signal (r=0.28, df=12, p=0.36 ns); (e) shows the peak values (±sem) of the % BOLD signal change at this site for the 4 thermal stimuli. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-activations-correlating-with-unpleasantness-in-the-133ghwel.png Fig. 5. Activations correlating with unpleasantness in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex. a. SPM analysis showing a negative correlation with pleasantness in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex with peak at [−38 40 −6] between the BOLD signal and the pleasantness ratings of the four thermal stimuli. For this lateral orbitofrontal cortex region, (b) shows the negative correlation between the subjective pleasantness ratings for positive values of the ratings and the BOLD signal (r=−0.86, df=7, p=0.006) (c) shows the negative correlation between the subjective pleasantness ratings for negative values of the ratings and the BOLD signal (r=−0.90, df=7, p=0.003); (d) shows that there is some correlation between the subjective intensity ratings and the BOLD signal (r=0.65, df=12, p=0.016); (e) shows the peak values (±sem) of the % BOLD signal change at this site for the 4 thermal stimuli. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-activations-correlating-with-pleasantness-in-the-1u7tp3uq.png Fig. 3. Activations correlating with pleasantness in the pregenual cingulate cortex. a. SPM analysis showing a correlation in the pregenual cingulate cortex with peak at [4 38 −2] between the BOLD signal and the pleasantness ratings of the four thermal stimuli. For this pregenual cingulate cortex region, (b) shows the positive correlation between the subjective pleasantness ratings for positive values of the ratings and the BOLD signal (r=0.92, df=7, p=0.001) (c) shows the positive correlation between the subjective pleasantness ratings for negative values of the ratings and the BOLD signal (r=0.66, df=7, p=0.07 ns); (d) shows that there is only a low correlation between the subjective intensity ratings and the BOLD signal (r=0.58, df=12, p=0.037); (e) shows the peak values (±sem) of the % BOLD signal change at this site for the 4 thermal stimuli. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-ratings-of-pleasantness-and-intensity-for-the-2bx2abxy.png Fig. 1. The ratings of pleasantness and intensity for the stimuli (means±sem). Top: pleasantness ratings using the scale from 0 (neutral) to +2 (very pleasant). Middle: pleasantness ratings using the scale from 0 (neutral) to −2 (very unpleasant). Bottom: intensity ratings using the scale from 0 (very weak) to 4 (very intense). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-activations-correlating-with-pleasantness-in-the-38r8mva2.png Fig. 2. Activations correlating with pleasantness in the orbitofrontal cortex. a. SPM analysis showing a correlation in the mid-orbitofrontal cortex (blue circle) at [−26 38 −10] between the BOLD signal and the pleasantness ratings of the four thermal stimuli. (Activations are also shown in the pregenual cingulate cortex in this coronal slice, and these are further illustrated in Fig. 3.) For this mid-orbitofrontal cortex region, (b) shows the positive correlation between the subjective pleasantness ratings for positive values of the ratings and the BOLD signal (r=0.84, df=7, pb0.01) (c) shows the positive correlation between the subjective pleasantness ratings for negative values of the ratings and the BOLD signal (r=0.83, df=7, p=0.012); (d) shows that there is no correlation between the subjective intensity ratings and the BOLD signal (r=0.07, df=12, p=0.8); (e) shows the peak values (±sem) of the % BOLD signal change at this site for the 4 thermal stimuli. (The % BOLD values in b–d were calculated by obtaining the average (±sem) BOLD signal for pleasantness or intensity ratings binned at increments of 0.25 for each subject, and then averaging across subjects.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-activations-correlating-with-intensity-and-not-with-2ett146b.png Fig. 6. Activations correlating with intensity and not with pleasantness in the somatosensory cortex. a. SPM analysis showing a correlation with intensity in the somatosensory cortex with peak at [−56 −22 32] between the BOLD signal and the intensity ratings for the four thermal stimuli. For this somatosensory cortex region, (b) shows no correlation between the subjective pleasantness ratings for positive values of the ratings and the BOLD signal (r=0.26, df=7, pb0.54) (c) shows little correlation between the subjective pleasantness ratings for negative values of the ratings and the BOLD signal (r=−0.66, df=7, p=0.073 ns); (d) shows a positive correlation between the subjective intensity ratings and the BOLD signal (r=0.78, df=12, p=0.002); (e) shows the peak values (±sem) of the % BOLD signal change at this site for the 4 thermal stimuli. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-activations-correlating-with-intensity-and-not-with-1gur6xh3.png Fig. 7. Activations correlating with intensity and not with pleasantness in the posterior ventral insula. a. SPM analysis showing a correlation with intensity in the posterior ventral insula with peak at [−40 −10 −8] between the BOLD signal and the intensity ratings for the four thermal stimuli. For this ventral insula cortex region, (b) shows no correlation between the subjective pleasantness ratings for positive values of the ratings and the BOLD signal (r=0.56, df=7, p=0.15) (c) shows no correlation between the subjective pleasantness ratings for negative values of the ratings and the BOLD signal (r=−0.56, df=7, p=0.15); (d) shows a positive correlation between the subjective intensity ratings and the BOLD signal (r=0.89, df=12, pb0.001); (e) shows the peak values (±sem) of the % BOLD signal change at this site for the 4 thermal stimuli. https://scispace.com/papers/warrants-in-ipos-evidence-from-hong-kong-35x6ag9hfg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-for-ipos-with-warrants-and-216vzwct.png Table 2 Descriptive statistics for IPOs with warrants and IPOs without warrants issued in Hong Kong https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-probit-regressions-predicting-the-choice-of-offer-1ikk4zrz.png Table 6 Probit regressions predicting the choice of offer type for IPOs issued in Hong Kong, 1990–1997 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-actual-versus-hypothetical-underpricing-17n26ans.png Table 5 Actual versus hypothetical underpricing https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-self-selection-bias-adjusted-underpricing-2u0rtt6k.png Table 4 Self-selection bias adjusted underpricing regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-value-of-the-firm-sold-as-warrants-firm-622cob7w.png Table 8 The value of the firm sold as warrants, firm riskiness, and retained ownership https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-warrant-design-for-ipos-sdov8xbr.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics of warrant design for IPOs with warrants issued in Hong Kong, US and Australia https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-direct-test-of-the-agency-cost-hypotheses-30ekq3ev.png Table 7 Direct test of the agency cost hypotheses https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-probit-regressions-predicting-the-choice-of-offer-3pt6be93.png Table 3 Probit regressions predicting the choice of offer type https://scispace.com/papers/warriors-die-young-increased-mortality-in-early-adulthood-of-1xmvmi7xo9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-population-size-by-the-number-and-percentage-of-the-1o3rjmzt.png Table 1. Population size by the number and percentage of the deceased in age categories https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-fertility-figures-for-the-scythian-population-from-12zytp3i.png Table 5. Fertility figures for the Scythian population from Glinoe https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-measures-of-opportunity-for-natural-selection-fe7z7qt0.png Table 4. Measures of opportunity for natural selection through differential mortality https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-life-table-biometric-functions-for-scythian-skeletal-1d2vcccm.png Table 3. Life-table biometric functions for Scythian skeletal remains from Glinoe (with correction of number of children) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-measures-of-opportunity-for-natural-selection-in-3pldojjv.png Table 7. Measures of opportunity for natural selection in skeletal samples from Early Iron Age (stationary population model) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-life-table-biometric-functions-for-scythian-skeletal-34ozygtd.png Table 2. Life-table biometric functions for Scythian skeletal remains from Glinoe (without correction of number of children) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-life-expectancies-at-birth-e0-and-in-early-adulthood-263xueya.png Table 6. Life expectancies at birth, e0, and in early adulthood, e20 (in years) from Early Iron Age populations (stationary population model, without correction of the number of children) https://scispace.com/papers/warwick-medical-school-a-four-dimensional-curriculum-46phptgiwh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-three-cases-involving-heart-failure-1zekucrh.png Figure 1: Three cases involving heart failure https://scispace.com/papers/was-the-conservative-majority-predictable-whw6vk7ixv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-projected-seat-counts-by-party-for-the-2011-election-17ft3k08.png Table 8: Projected seat counts by party for the 2011 election, using the model (2) together with the over-performing effect from Table 3, in the presence of small systematic national shifts of voters between parties. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-opinion-poll-trends-during-the-2011-election-1qeaqa7p.png Figure 1: Opinion poll trends during the 2011 election campaign. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-previous-2008-elections-five-final-polls-from-21-3perhulu.png Table 3: The previous (2008) election’s five final polls (from [21]) and poll average (weighted by sample size) and actual election results, leading to a corresponding estimate of each party’s “poll over-performing effect”. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-projected-seat-counts-by-party-for-the-2011-election-1hc1vs64.png Table 7: Projected seat counts by party for the 2011 election, using the model (2) but without the over-performing effect from Table 3, in the presence of small systematic national shifts of voters between parties. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-nine-pre-election-polls-used-in-this-study-2pspahjf.png Table 1: The nine pre-election polls used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-regional-weighted-averages-of-the-final-pre-1hn66pgn.png Table 2: The regional weighted averages of the final pre-election poll results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-current-2011-elections-average-pre-election-poll-jykpe8ei.png Table 4: The current (2011) election’s average pre-election poll results (from Table 2) and actual election results, used to check each party’s “poll over-performing effect”. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predicted-number-of-conservative-seats-starting-26x36mtg.png Figure 2: Predicted number of Conservative seats starting with our preferred model (i.e., model (2) with the over-performing effect) and then assuming a systematic national shift of some percentage of voters from the Liberals directly to the NDP. https://scispace.com/papers/was-the-emergence-of-home-bases-and-domestic-fire-a-1zwzjkhbam 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fire-use-during-the-paleolithic-3vbvx95e.png TABLE 1. FIRE USE DURING THE PALEOLITHIC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-shift-to-home-base-systems-1yjy6x61.png Fig. 2. The shift to "home base" systems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-continued-25cop245.png TABLE I (Continued) https://scispace.com/papers/was-the-cold-european-winter-of-2009-10-modified-by-rfv4u49b27 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-temperature-of-19-dec-2009-which-is-the-winter-day-85167ddf.png FIG. 2. The temperature of 19 Dec 2009, which is the winter day of 2009/10 with the largest blob index. Shown are (top left) temperature (8C), (top right) anomaly after removing annual cycle (8C), and (bottom) anomaly normalized with the local, seasonal standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-return-periods-of-the-blob-index-largest-continuous-3v69meln.png FIG. 6. Return periods of the blob index (largest continuous area) for winter: observations are black, surrogates are blue, and HadGEM3-A is red. Thin curves are individual ensemble members; thick curves are pooled ensembles. Only historical and perturbed ensembles are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-as-in-fig-9-but-for-skewness-of-winter-anomalies-of-2diwy7g3.png FIG. 10. As in Fig. 9, but for skewness of winter anomalies of gridpoint temperatures (unitless). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-left-temperature-8c-of-the-coldest-day-in-winter-2009-38pjrw4i.png FIG. 3. (left) Temperature (8C) of the coldest day in winter 2009/10 found individually for each grid point. (right) Fraction of winters in 1960–2013 with days colder than the coldest day in winter 2009/10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-local-daily-winter-temperatures-normalized-by-their-31p9h6ij.png FIG. 5. Local daily winter temperatures normalized by their seasonally varying standard deviation and pooled over all grid points. (left) The distribution as function of time (contour levels are 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) and (right) the distributions before (light shading) and after (dark shading) 1985 for (top)–(bottom) observations (E-OBS), a HadGEM3-A historical, and a perturbed surrogate ensemble. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-standard-deviation-of-winter-anomalies-of-gridpoint-19k9o361.png FIG. 9. Standard deviation of winter anomalies of gridpoint temperatures (8C) for (top) observations, (middle) a historical HadGEM3-A and a perturbed surrogate ensemble, and (bottom) differences between the historical HadGEM3-A ensemble and observations and between a historical and a histnat HadGEM3-A ensemble. Large dots indicate where differences are estimated to be statistically significant at the 5% level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-distributions-of-the-temperatures-8c-of-the-ru29rqha.png FIG. 13. The distributions of the temperatures (8C) of the coldest day in winter for grid points near (left) Utrecht and (right) Oslo based on 15 3 53 winters. Historical or perturbed climate are indicated with light shading, and histnat or unperturbed climate are indicated with dark shading. Thin vertical gray lines are the observed winters, green vertical line is the observed winter of 2009/10 and orange vertical line is the winter of 2009/10 corrected with mean bias. Risk ratios are provided at the top right of the panels. For HadGEM3-A, the second number includes bias correction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-linear-trends-of-gridpoint-temperatures-in-winter-8c-2byfoc9t.png FIG. 8. Linear trends of gridpoint temperatures in winter (8C decade21) for (top) observations, (middle) a historical and a histnat HadGEM3-A ensemble, and (bottom) a perturbed and an unperturbed surrogate ensemble. Large dots indicate where trends are estimated to be statistically significant at the 5% level. https://scispace.com/papers/wasmtree-web-assembly-for-the-semantic-web-2t4haawxo7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-process-to-retrieve-quads-from-a-treedataset-naive-c0gdolne.png Fig. 1. Process to retrieve quads from a TreeDataset - naive TreeDataset approach. The blue part in is JS, while the red part is a WASM built from Rust https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-process-to-retrieve-quads-from-a-treedataset-all-at-28rkpxj5.png Fig. 2. Process to retrieve quads from a TreeDataset - All-at-once TreeDataset approach. The blue part in is JS, while the red part is a WASM built from Rust https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-and-memory-used-to-initialize-a-1m-quad-dataset-1upblvze.png Fig. 4. Time and memory used to initialize a 1M quad dataset in various RDFJS implementations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-workload-distribution-when-matching-over-a-certain-35kpd3kx.png Fig. 6. Workload distribution when matching over a certain pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-process-to-retrieve-quads-from-a-treedataset-wasmtree-mfn4jstd.png Fig. 3. Process to retrieve quads from a TreeDataset - WasmTree approach. The blue part in is JS, while the red part is a WASM built from Rust https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-in-seconds-to-iterate-over-quads-matching-a-given-2v4g77fp.png Fig. 5. Time (in seconds) to iterate over quads matching a given pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-of-three-sparql-endpoints-with-a-dataset-318xnw92.png Table 1. Performance of three SPARQL endpoints, with a dataset of 2000 products (725305 quads). Measured from 100 executions after a warmup of 20 executions. https://scispace.com/papers/waste-materials-in-highway-applications-an-overview-on-u5y0h8tdau 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-costs-consi-2bjkb3xy.png Fig. 18. Costs consi https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-schematics-for-tb-bound-rubber-asphalt-production-37ddn80k.png Fig. 10. Schematics for TB bound rubber asphalt production (Source: Wen et al., 2018). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-final-surface-of-rubber-asphalt-wet-process-left-and-1ff0sdji.png Fig. 9. Final surface of rubber asphalt wet process (left) and TB binder (right) (Source: Shatnawi, 2010). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-implications-of-selected-waste-materials-on-highway-2cipzgdf.png Table 5 Implications of selected waste materials on highway facility performance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-lca-results-on-different-highway-pavement-types-1861ugcb.png Fig. 16. LCA results on different highway pavement types (Source: Achilleos et al., 2011). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-coal-production-and-consumption-by-regions-source-bp-eht4efk7.png Fig. 7. Coal production and consumption by regions (Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2019). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-basic-lcca-framework-for-pavement-highway-projects-3cuq54s1.png Fig. 17. Basic LCCA framework for pavement highway projects. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-layers-and-stress-positions-in-flexible-pavement-ll0cpt40.png Fig. 1. Layers and stress positions in flexible pavement (Source: Indian Road Congress, 2012). https://scispace.com/papers/waste-to-energy-hawaii-and-guam-energy-improvement-4m92kan15x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-expected-gem-performance-3gtd80r7.png Table 16. Expected GEM Performance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-site-layout-cm1n84ob.png Figure 4. Site layout https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-hedwec-factory-tests-performance-3iqvcbxx.png Table 3. Summary of HEDWEC Factory Tests Performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-hedwec-energy-balance-2mgzii6a.png Table 6. HEDWEC Energy Balance https://scispace.com/figures/table-19-sample-return-on-investment-calculations-for-the-20s98zsy.png Table 19. Sample Return on Investment Calculations for the GEM with a Diesel Enginea https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-programmatic-summary-2kuj6r3x.png Table 11. Programmatic Summary https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hedwec-gasifier-process-and-temperature-profile-3bevi41i.png Figure 3. HEDWEC gasifier process and temperature profile https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-summary-of-operating-history-of-gem-systems-dq0huxl8.png Table 17. Summary of Operating History of GEM Systems https://scispace.com/papers/waste-not-want-not-what-are-the-drivers-of-sustainable-ltq18m1r67 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pharmaceutical-supply-chain-map-bradford-university-1l680t9h.png Figure 1. Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Map (Bradford University Risk Workshop, Breen 2005). https://scispace.com/papers/wastewater-surveillance-for-infectious-disease-a-systematic-4pbp7soe66 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-wastewater-surveillance-studies-1p0gdbr6.png Table 1: Characteristics of wastewater surveillance studies included in the systematic review. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bar-graph-showing-the-families-of-pathogens-found-1rrjw2gg.png Figure 3. Bar graph showing the families of pathogens found in the included articles and their frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-global-distribution-of-studies-of-wastewater-sdsxdd7n.png Figure 2. Global distribution of studies of wastewater surveillance for infectious disease. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pathogens-surveilled-in-wastewater-orange-group-are-mmokkvy0.png Figure 4. Pathogens surveilled in wastewater (orange group) are not reflected in the greatest burden of disease except for diarrheal diseases (gray group). Many infectious diseases of https://scispace.com/papers/water-1h-relaxation-dispersion-analysis-on-a-nitroxide-2i79u5uztt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-best-fit-of-the-normalized-paramagnetic-nuclear-2bquphdk.png Fig. 5 (A) Best fit of the normalized paramagnetic nuclear relaxation rates using the outer-sphere model (solid line) or the inner-sphere model (dotted line). (B) Best fit of the normalized paramagnetic nuclear relaxation rates using both outer-sphere and inner-sphere contributions (solid line). The individual contributions are also reported as dotted lines (upper and lower dotted curves, respectively). The oI terms are shown as dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-best-fit-of-the-normalized-paramagnetic-nuclear-hd5dqkwy.png Fig. 6 Best fit of the normalized paramagnetic nuclear relaxation rates at 298, 308, 318 and 328 K. The profiles calculated with leaving the D parameter free to change in the fitting procedure or fixed to the expected values are shown as solid lines and dotted lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-best-fit-values-of-the-parameters-d-d-tc-and-r-1gjue74i.png Table 1 Best fit values of the parameters (d, D, tc and r) obtained from the relaxation dispersion profiles and resulting values for tD and x https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-maximum-dnp-enhancement-predicted-from-the-analysis-3bmw9xv9.png Table 2 Maximum DNP enhancement predicted from the analysis of the relaxation data https://scispace.com/papers/water-absorption-behaviour-in-polyethylene-boron-nitride-s2kti98661 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dielectric-spectroscopy-measurements-showing-a-real-bpblwotd.png Fig. 1. Dielectric spectroscopy measurements showing (a) real relative permittivity, (b) dielectric loss tangent of the dry samples https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dielectric-spectroscopy-measurements-showing-a-real-re60tt2v.png Fig. 2. Dielectric spectroscopy measurements showing (a) real relative permittivity, (b) dielectric loss tangent of the ambient samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-mass-changes-after-conditioning-2zkat0rx.png TABLE I. MASS CHANGES AFTER CONDITIONING https://scispace.com/papers/water-balance-in-a-neotropical-forest-catchment-of-82lzeoajlj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geographical-location-and-instrumentation-used-for-d6mau28e.png Figure 1. Geographical location and instrumentation used for monitoring water balance 110 elements in the AFMC, Mantiqueira Range, Minas Gerais (MG) state, southeastern 111 Brazil. 112 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relationship-between-evapotranspiration-modeled-et-2ygytzbn.png Figure 4. Relationship between evapotranspiration modeled (ET) and evapotranspiration 374 from water balance (ETWB) during the dry periods in AFMC site (a), and comparison 375 between ET 8-day modeled and ET 8-day from MODIS (b, c). 376 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-soil-water-storage-dynamics-average-and-upper-and-wq1t1do9.png Figure 6. Soil Water Storage dynamics (average and upper and lower limits calculated 395 based on the 25 locations for soil moisture measurement – Figure 1) throughout the 396 hydrological years from 2009 to 2011. 397 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-water-table-depth-between-2009-and-2011-in-1pjx4h6c.png Figure 2. Average water table depth between 2009 and 2011 in an AFMC neighboring 154 micro-catchment also located in the Lavrinha Creek Watershed as observed by Oliveira 155 (2014) (see the piezometers’ location in Fig. 1). 156 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-monthly-gross-precipitation-throughfall-and-its-2q84kgt9.png Figure 3. Monthly gross precipitation, throughfall and its standard errors as observed in 354 the AFMC during the hydrological years of 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 (a) and average 355 monthly gross precipitation and respective standard deviation as observed in the Lavrinha 356 Creek Watershed from 2006 to 2012 (b). 357 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-classes-of-rainfall-intensity-frequency-a-and-daily-5a65hmao.png Figure 7. Classes of rainfall intensity frequency (a) and daily streamflow, base flow and 404 rainfall (b) throughout the hydrological years in the AFMC. 405 https://scispace.com/papers/water-assisted-transamination-of-glycine-and-formaldehyde-26wd3b6kds 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optimized-b3lyp-6-31g-d-p-geometries-of-the-22jzdw2j.png Figure 2. Optimized (B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)) geometries of the transition states for the carbinolamine formation step. The MP2/6-31G(d,p) values are in parentheses. The distances are given in angstroms while the angles are in degrees. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-optimized-b3lyp-6-31g-d-p-geometries-of-the-39pwpfre.png Figure 6. Optimized (B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)) geometries of the transition states for the hydrolysis step. The MP2/6-31G(d,p) values are in parentheses. The distances are given in angstroms while the angles are in degrees. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relative-energies-in-kcal-mol-for-the-stationary-3qv6bhao.png TABLE 1: Relative Energies (in kcal/mol) for the Stationary Points Involved in the Transamination of Glycine and Formaldehyde in Various Computational Levelsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-optimized-b3lyp-6-31g-d-p-geometries-of-the-1ypaeeka.png Figure 1. Optimized (B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)) geometries of the starting reactant complexes GF1-1, GF2-1, GF3-1. The MP2/6-31G(d,p) values are in parentheses. The distances are given in angstroms. https://scispace.com/papers/water-browning-controls-adaptation-and-associated-trade-offs-11dswxr33y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-phase-ii-results-growth-rate-and-cell-size-growth-2ifuocrp.png Figure 3. Phase II results, growth rate and cell size. Growth rate (A), mean cell size (B) and 276 recruitment rate (C) of the population which did not experimented PPCPs and DOM during the 277 adaptation period (non-adapted), and the population cultivated with PPCPs and DOM levels during 278 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-the-presence-of-ppcps-and-dom-during-the-3ah3gcmy.png Table 2. Effect of the presence of PPCPs and DOM during the adaptation period. ANOVA-281 table showing the main outcome from the two-way ANOVA which tested the effects of the 282 presence of PPCPs during the adaptation period on the growth rate and cell size of the algal 283 populations exposed to the absence/presence of PPCPs in phase II (non-adapted vs. adapted), and 284 the effects induced by the presence of DOM during the adaptation period with PPCPs on the 285 growth rate and cell size of the algal population exposed to the absence/presence of PPCPs in phase 286 II (adapted with no DOM vs. adapted with DOM). df; degree of freedom. SS; Sum of square 287 means. F; F value. Significant values are reported in bold. 288 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-net-trade-off-from-tolerance-acquisition-these-33cdxmm9.png Figure 4. The net trade-off from tolerance acquisition. These variables were calculated after 449 bootstrapping estimated growth rate values from gaussian distributions fitted to the experimental 450 growth rate data. Data variability and uncertainties were tracked down to the final values of gap 451 and trade-off using a Montecarlo frame (N=105). 452 453 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-factorial-experimental-design-phase-i-exposure-of-23tkxk7q.png Figure 1. Factorial experimental design. Phase I; exposure of the algal population to the absence 124 (-) and the presence (+) of a mix of 12 PPCPs under different DOM and pH levels. Adaptation 125 period; multi-generational exposure of the algal population to the presence (+) of PPCPs under 126 different levels of DOM (0, 5, 15 mg L-1 DOC) at pH 8. Phase II; exposure of the algal population 127 previously adapted to the presence of PPCPs under different levels of DOM, and of the control 128 population which never experienced the contaminants and/or the DOM during the adaptation 129 period, to the absence (-) and the presence (+) of PPCPs.130 131 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-anova-table-of-phase-i-results-main-outcome-from-a-1rjvqowe.png Table 1. ANOVA table of phase I results. Main outcome from a three-way ANOVA which tested 251 the effects of PPCPs (the absence/presence), DOM (0, 5, 15, mg L-1 DOC) and pH (6.5, 8) on 252 log(total algal biovolume yield) and mean cell size. The three-way interactions were not significant 253 and are not shown in the table. df; degree of freedom. SS; Sum of square means. F; F value. 254 Significant values are reported in bold. 255 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phase-i-results-a-log-total-biovolume-yield-mm3-ml-30vk97dq.png Figure 2. Phase I results. (A) Log total biovolume yield (mm3/mL) and (B) mean cell size (μm) 248 of C. reinhardtii as a function of DOM (0, 5, 15 mg L-1 DOC) and pH (6.5, 8) in the absence (-) 249 and the presence (+) of the mix of PPCPs in phase I. Short horizontal bars represent the each group. 250 https://scispace.com/papers/water-birth-more-than-a-trendy-alternative-a-prospective-22wq5svx5j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-chart-of-participants-through-the-prospective-3ctw3nd7.png Fig. 1 Flow chart of participants through the prospective study https://scispace.com/papers/water-budget-performance-of-evapotranspiration-formulations-3cy0okt7jx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-literature-review-of-the-impacts-of-eta-or-etp-1jj5oagc.png Table 1: Literature review of the impacts of ETa or ETp formulations in hydrological modeling. 1061 https://scispace.com/papers/water-desalination-using-graphene-enhanced-electrospun-1k5j3lu6yd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-neat-and-g-ph-electrospun-2s2nc5z8.png Table 1 Characteristics of the neat and G/PH electrospun membranes and commercial membrane https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-agmd-process-a-cooling-2eitvsj3.png Figure 1 Schematic diagram of AGMD process: (a) cooling circulation bath, (b) coolant tank, (c) water permeate tank, (d) balance, (e) AGMD module, (f) feed tank, and (g) heating circulation bath https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-contact-angle-of-the-fabricated-g-ph-and-1yzr9sjy.png Figure 2 Average contact angle of the fabricated G/PH and neat PH electrospun nanofiber membranes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-presents-the-agmd-performances-of-the-different-ct0ohloq.png Figure 9 presents the AGMD performances of the different fabricated neat and composite https://scispace.com/papers/water-deficit-stress-induces-different-monoterpene-and-jsntbg4i21 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-paired-sample-comparison-between-standard-emissions-at-2hm0irnb.png Fig. 1. Paired sample comparison between standard emissions at t0 (when substrates had achieved field capacity) and standard emissions from t1 to t11 (water stressed plants). Monoterpene, sesquiterpene and total standard emissions (ESM, ESS and EST, respectively) of R. officinalis, P. halepensis, C. albidus and Q. coccifera are shown separately. Data are mean values ± SE (n = 6). *: 0.01 < p < 0.05; **: 0.001 < p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. *M, *S and *T indicate if pvalue corresponds to ESM, ESS and EST, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-contribution-of-major-monoterpenes-normal-style-and-3lz7f1rz.png Table 2 Contribution (%) of major monoterpenes (normal style) and sesquiterpenes (it Q. coccifera during 11 days of water withholding https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-environmental-temperature-photosynthetically-active-2ahxw84t.png Table 1 Environmental temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and substrate water content (SWC), over the water deficit period https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-non-linear-regression-analyses-between-mean-water-k6rc1dqt.png Fig. 2. Non-linear regression analyses between mean water potential (w) and total emission factor (EST), monoterpene emission factor (ESM) and sesquiterpene emission factor (ESS) of R. officinalis, C. albidus, Q. coccifera and P. halepensis over 11 days of water withholding (n = 8). (r: correlation coefficient, p: relationship significance, NS: not significant). Measurements of w were carried out in parallel to emission measurements, so between 11:30 h and 16:00 h (solar time) and from different seedlings (see text). https://scispace.com/papers/water-dimer-diffusion-on-pd-111-assisted-by-an-h-bond-donor-c9em8roptf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-mechanism-for-water-dimer-diffusion-on-pd-gmzqvmlu.png FIG. 1 (color online). Mechanism for water dimer diffusion on Pd{111} (top and side view). Step (a) to (b) involves a nearly free rotation of the dimer; step (b) to (c) is the wagging motion of the dimer, which brings both water molecules to a similar height above the surface from where they can undergo donoracceptor tunneling interchange (c)-(e). From step (e) to (f), the dimer restores its equilibrium geometry having translated one lattice spacing [compare (a) and (f)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diffusion-rates-as-a-function-of-temperature-for-a-3cvuu3b7.png FIG. 2. Diffusion rates, as a function of temperature, for a water dimer relative to a water monomer on Pd{111}. Classical versus quantum regimes are observed above and below 70 K, respectively. Below 50 K dimers diffuse faster than monomers. https://scispace.com/papers/water-distribution-networks-resilience-analysis-a-comparison-2c8tq8bdo8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-set-of-network-level-gt-metrics-used-6-3vcbtt8a.png Table 2 Set of network-level GT metrics used. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-graphical-representation-of-the-potential-impact-of-8hl4a0zr.png Fig. 2. Graphical representation of the potential impact of edge removal on WDN connectivity: case 2 1) no changes occurred in the SP between the source s1 and the node 1 after the removal of edge 1; 3 case 2) the removal of the edge 2 results in the disconnection between the source s1 and the node 2; 4 case 3) the removal of the edge 3 results in the increase of the shortest path between the source s1 and 5 the node 3. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-network-level-gt-metrics-for-the-case-study-wdns-1-vp60edsn.png Table 3 Network-level GT metrics for the case study WDNs 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-supply-failure-magnitudes-percentage-of-11166wxs.png Table 4 Summary of supply failure magnitudes (percentage of network demand during pressure 8 failure period not supplied) resulting from up to four simultaneous pipe failures and identification of 9 pipes resulting in maximum supply failure magnitude 10 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparative-analysis-of-the-impact-of-single-pipe-3kwf81q7.png Fig. 4 Comparative analysis of the impact of single pipe failure of edges 3474 and 3048. 2 3 Based on the pressures and flow rates shown in Figure 4, it can be seen that the impact of pipe 3474 4 or 3048 failing individually is highly different, mainly due to the role of pipe 3367: analysis of 5 ordinary operation and failure conditions suggests that when pipe 3048 fails, pipe 3367 is subjected 6 to a change in the flow direction which supports the operation of pipe 3474. This means that the 7 impact of pipe failure can be partially absorbed by the system, which is resilient enough to adapt to a 8 change in hydraulic conditions. When pipe 3474 fails, pipe 3367 does not support system adaptation, 9 and this results in a wider area of the WDN with pressure below an acceptable value. 10 11 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-key-features-of-gra-and-gt-5-1lkc6f3d.png Table 1. Comparison of the key features of GRA and GT 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-service-failure-duration-and-magnitude-response-to-3cue0caf.png Fig. 3 Service failure duration and magnitude response to pipe failure. 2 3 Analysis of the minimum response curves in Figures 3a and 3b show that the L’Aquila network is 4 capable of maintaining full supply with up to 41.1% pipe failure (331 pipes). However, the mean 5 supply failure magnitude for this number of pipe failures is 97.5%. On average, at least 99% of global 6 network demand will be met with up to 0.7% of pipes failed (i.e. fewer than 7 pipe failures). On 7 average, 7 pipe failures result in a 50.6% supply failure in D-Town and a 73% supply failure in 8 EXNET, as these networks have a significant volume of demand affected by unsatisfactory pressure 9 even when no pipe failures are present. The minimum response curve for EXNET, however, does 10 show an initial drop under small pipe failure magnitudes, indicating that there are one or more pipes 11 which, if closed, actually reduce the presence of unsatisfactory pressure in the network. 12 https://scispace.com/papers/water-kefir-grain-as-a-source-of-potent-dextran-producing-1xausgmnfo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-incubation-time-on-dextran-yield-final-ph-12iq0wcz.png Figure 4. Effect of incubation time on dextran yield, final pH and cell growth for isolates T1 (a), T3 (b) and T5 (c) grown in mMRS broth with 5% sucrose at 23 oC (Lc. mesenteroides T1 and T3 strains) and 30oC (Lb. hilgardii T5 strain). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ft-ir-spectra-of-the-exopolysaccharides-produced-by-3tr7c2p6.png Figure 5. FT-IR spectra of the exopolysaccharides produced by the isolates Lc. mesenteroides T1, Lc. mesenteroides T3 and Lb. hilgardii T5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-morphological-and-physiological-characteristics-of-svwdobd5.png Table 1. Morphological and physiological characteristics of the bacterial isolates; +: positive reaction, −: nega ve reac on and ±: weakly positive reaction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-picture-of-isolates-t1-left-t3-middle-and-t5-right-307oqu8c.png Figure 1. Picture of isolates T1 (left), T3 (middle) and T5 (right) growing on the surface of the mMRS agar with 5% sucrose plates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-carbohydrates-fermentation-profiles-of-dextran-34u4nq9e.png Table 2. Carbohydrates fermentation profiles of dextran-producing LAB strains after 48 h of incubation at 30 °C; +: positive reaction, −: nega ve reac on and ±: weakly positive reaction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-temperature-on-dextran-production-the-hs2mmz80.png Figure 3. Effect of temperature on dextran production. The bars show the mean value of three replicates, while the vertical lines show the standard deviation of the measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-phylogenetic-tree-of-the-lab-strains-t1-t3-and-1jsvpdlr.png Figure 2. The phylogenetic tree of the LAB strains (T1, T3 and T5) isolated from water kefir grain and other members of Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc genera, constructed using the 16S rRNA gene sequences. The tree was constructed using the neighbor joining algorithm as implemented in ARB software. Escherichia coli is the root of the tree. https://scispace.com/papers/water-pair-potential-of-near-spectroscopic-accuracy-i-53i25ya6tb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-sapt-5s-charges-2w5m9ziy.png TABLE III. SAPT-5s charges. https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-sapt-5s-coefficients-of-polynomial-multiplying-1g3908fh.png TABLE VIII. SAPT-5s coefficients of polynomial multiplying the exponential term. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-sapt-5s-exponential-parameters-2abdzfuw.png TABLE VII. SAPT-5s exponential parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-differences-in-virial-coefficients-with-167c20xr.png FIG. 8. Comparison of differences in virial coefficients with respect to CRC compilation of experimental results~Ref. 49!. The coefficients denoted by CKL and KJ are computed from empirical potentials of Refs. 51 and 52, respectively. See Fig. 7 for other notation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-virial-coefficients-asp-w4-is-the-3k1xzcet.png FIG. 7. Comparison of virial coefficients. ASP–W4 is the potential of Ref. 8. Experimental results of Kellet al. are from Ref. 50 while those denoted by CRC are from Ref. 49. https://scispace.com/figures/table-xii-second-virial-coefficients-cm3-mol-for-sapt-5s-the-1looowdj.png TABLE XII. Second virial coefficients (cm3/mol!. For SAPT-5s the error bars indicate the accuracy of the numerical integration only. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-unweighted-standard-deviation-per-point-in-kcal-mol-2u326hxj.png TABLE IX. Unweighted standard deviation per point~in kcal/mol! for SAPT-pp, SAPT-5s, and SAPT-5s fitted to 1003 pointsonly. The consecutive pairs of columns are for the total set of 1003~2510! data points, its subset of 984~2083! points whose energies are less than 10 kcal/mol, and the 467~1045! points with negative energies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-quality-of-the-sapt-5s-fit-circles-represent-the-2510-1wbmm157.png FIG. 4. Quality of the SAPT-5s fit. Circles represent the 2510 points used in the fit and triangles represent additional points not used in the fit. https://scispace.com/papers/water-requirement-and-growth-indicators-of-forest-tree-3vqv1t5kje 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-variations-of-height-a-and-diameter-b-as-a-function-of-txq8gy58.png Fig 1. Variations of height (A) and diameter (B) as a function of the total volume applied (Tva) on treatments for three forest species, in the tube phase. �p<0.05, ��p<0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-water-efficiency-indicators-related-to-total-volume-2y5sbvvv.png Table 2. Water efficiency indicators related to total volume applied for the development of seedlings in height (HWE) and diameter (DWE), for S. parahyba, C. myrianthum and C. speciosa species. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-variation-of-height-a-and-diameter-b-as-a-function-of-3obwj98s.png Fig 2. Variation of height (A) and diameter (B) as a function of the water volume applied throughout the experiment (Va) for three forest species, in the treatment with 100% water replacement (V4) for the tube phase. �p<0.05, ��p<0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relationship-between-decrease-relative-of-growth-in-1cigpflq.png Fig 4. Relationship between decrease relative of growth, in height and diameter, and water deficit for S. parahyba (A), C. myrianthum (B) and C. speciosa (C) seedlings. �p<0.05, ��p<0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-flow-rate-of-the-emitters-l-h-1-in-the-ee84g8sd.png Table 1. Mean flow rate of the emitters (L h-1) in the respective treatments, for the tree forest species. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-variation-of-height-a-and-diameter-b-as-a-function-of-ghq6b0dv.png Fig 3. Variation of height (A) and diameter (B) as a function of the water volume applied throughout the experiment (Va) for three forest species, in the pots phase. ��p<0.01. https://scispace.com/papers/water-recovery-using-waste-heat-from-coal-fired-power-plants-cjsqkqvw6f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-impact-of-heating-cycles-on-steam-brackish-water-128y0w21.png Figure 26: Impact of Heating Cycles on Steam Brackish Water Demand https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-boiler-blow-down-recovery-process-position-in-main-t0e9tted.png Figure 18: Boiler Blow Down Recovery Process – Position in Main Process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-schematic-of-membrane-distillation-unit-operation-3jvgpccz.png Figure 7: Schematic of Membrane Distillation unit Operation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-power-plant-selected-parameters-291j3j8y.png Table 2: Power Plant Selected Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-thermodynamic-control-volumes-a14htijn.png Figure 8: Thermodynamic Control Volumes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-impact-of-bleed-sidetracking-on-plant-output-qm8iesgb.png Figure 24: Impact of Bleed sidetracking on Plant output https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-process-sketch-membrane-distillation-units-with-3g8h1ei6.png Figure 20: Process Sketch -- Membrane Distillation units with Boiler Blow Down https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-water-recovery-using-boiler-blow-down-equipment-p98zh7at.png Table A-2: Water Recovery Using Boiler Blow Down – Equipment Sizing Summary https://scispace.com/papers/water-scarcity-in-the-zambezi-basin-in-the-long-term-future-4ee1g0db7p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-river-flow-schematisation-in-the-aqua-zambezi-model-3uwsw9y7.png Fig. 3. River flow schematisation in the AQUA Zambezi Model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-model-structure-of-the-aqua-zambezi-model-13d7cvlk.png Fig. 2. Model structure of the AQUA Zambezi Model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-total-water-supply-and-consumptive-water-use-compared-3kqbea1d.png Fig. 5. Total water supply and consumptive water use compared to water availability in two specific regions of the Zambezi basin, in the hierarchist utopia. In the case of Zimbabwe, water availability consists of an internal and an external component. In the case of Malawi, water availability depends entirely on internal sources. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-sensitivity-of-water-scarcity-to-climatic-variation-in-2qq2pkj7.png Fig. 9. Sensitivity of water scarcity to climatic variation in the year 2050. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-zambezi-basin-3sp9xw60.png Fig. 1. Map of the Zambezi basin. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-spatial-schematisation-of-the-zambezi-basin-areas-in-31wh7zwh.png Table 3. Spatial schematisation of the Zambezi basin (areas in 109 m2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-basic-assumptions-per-perspective-126acuu4.png Table 4. Basic assumptions per perspective. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sector-water-supplies-in-the-zambezi-basin-in-each-of-16pypvul.png Fig. 4. Sector water supplies in the Zambezi basin in each of the three utopias. Water export from the Zambezi basin to South Africa is regarded as a separate sector. https://scispace.com/papers/water-supply-patterns-in-two-agricultural-areas-of-central-1t6apffvyw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-seasonal-winter-dfj-medians-of-projected-1oti7tih.png Fig. 2: (a) Seasonal winter (DFJ) medians of projected precipitation of REMO and bias-corrected (bc) projected precipitation of REMO averaged over the whole of Germany for the period 2001–2100.(b) Seasonal winter (DFJ) medians of projected precipitation of CCLM and bias-corrected (bc) projected precipitation of CCLM averaged over the whole of Germany for the period 2001–2100.(c) Seasonal summer (JJA) medians of projected precipitation of REMO and bias-corrected projected precipitation of REMO averaged over the whole of Germany for the period 2001–2100.(d) Seasonal summer (JJA) medians of projected precipitation of CCLM and bias-corrected projected precipitation of CCLM averaged over the whole of Germany for the period 2001–2100. Central line: median; bottom and top of box: 25th and 75th percentiles; whiskers: data range; crosses: outliers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-percent-change-in-0-2-0-8-quantiles-for-winter-a-and-25m6kg1b.png Fig. 8: Percent change in 0.2–0.8 quantiles for winter(a) and summer(b) SPI over the period 1971 to 2100 for Germany. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-quantile-regression-analysis-ensemble-trend-393ofmiw.png Fig. 7: Quantile regression analysis: ensemble trend coefficients of 0.2–0.8 quantiles for winter(a) and summer(b) SPI time series over the period 1971 to 2100 for Germany. Ensemble standard deviations of the estimated trend coefficients are derived by bootstrapping. Star marks indicate significant trends. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-climate-change-signal-in-spi-difference-of-spi-1fzcd0l7.png Fig. 3: Mean climate change signal in SPI: difference of SPI between 2036–2065 and 1971–2000 for all runs for(a) winter uncorrected,(b) winter with model data estimated by bias correction,(c) summer uncorrected, and( ) summer with model data estimated by bias correction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-for-2071-2100-a-range-of-climate-change-signals-in-spi-2og9lo2w.png Fig. 6: For 2071–2100,(a) range of climate change signals in SPI between uncorrected scenarios in winter,(b) difference between the mean climate change signal in SPI of bias-corrected and uncorrected model data in winter,(c) range of climate change signals in SPI between uncorrected scenarios in summer, and(d) difference between the mean climate change signal in SPI of bias-corrected and uncorrected model data in summer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-for-2071-2100-a-range-of-climate-change-signals-in-spi-152i0or7.png Fig. 6: For 2071–2100,(a) range of climate change signals in SPI between uncorrected scenarios in winter,(b) difference between the mean climate change signal in SPI of bias-corrected and uncorrected model data in winter,(c) range of climate change signals in SPI between uncorrected scenarios in summer, and(d) difference between the mean climate change signal in SPI of bias-corrected and uncorrected model data in summer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-climate-change-signal-in-spi-of-all-runs-6t14smxx.png Fig. 4: Mean climate change signal in SPI of all runs: difference of SPI between 2071–2100 and 1971–2000 for(a) winter uncorrected,(b) winter with model data estimated by bias correction,(c) summer uncorrected, and( ) summer with model data estimated by bias correction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-range-of-precipitation-climate-change-signals-of-1bj5nytl.png Table 2: Range of precipitation climate change signals of ENSEMBLES and REMO/CCLM (2071–2100 relative to 1971– 2000). https://scispace.com/papers/water-use-in-parabolic-trough-power-plants-summary-results-4if5f8ppb7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-f1mjrzvk.png Figure 5.2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-2-lsz31r2f.png Figure 4.2.3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-1-estimated-annual-water-consumption-acre-feet-dzt0gy3d.png Table 5.2.1 Estimated Annual Water Consumption (Acre-Feet/Year) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-steam-turbine-power-output-as-a-function-condenser-2myhts8u.png Figure 3. Steam turbine power output as a function condenser temperature [3]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-summary-of-the-worleyparsons-wp-results-and-sam-13vlp7ui.png Table 8. Summary of the WorleyParsons (WP) results and SAM estimates. SAM values were obtained using the solar field area, turbine size and efficiency, and design-point temperatures from the WorleyParsons analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-impact-of-two-different-design-assumptions-on-buykfjz8.png Figure 7. Impact of two different design assumptions on subsystem costs and plant output. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-125-mw-wet-and-dry-cooling-cases-for-1wstd4se.png Table 5. Comparison of 125-MW wet- and dry-cooling cases for Las Vegas, NV study with constant-capacity design assumption. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-summarizes-the-performance-analysis-results-for-3b3bas5o.png Table 4.4 summarizes the performance analysis results for the wet and dry condensing designs. https://scispace.com/papers/water-uptake-dynamics-under-progressive-drought-stress-in-1pqvub1w2b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-totalwater-uptake-twu-of-genotypes-from-379woyp2.png Table 3. Mean totalwater uptake (TWU) of genotypes from theOryzaSNPpanel belonging to different rice types underdrought stress in three lysimeter experiments Genotypes in each groupwereOryza sativa type aus (Dular, FR13A,N22 andRayada),O. sativa type indica (Aswina, IR64,Minghui 63, Pokkali, Sadu Cho, SHZ2, Swarna and Zhenshan 97B) and O. sativa type japonica (Azucena, Cypress, Dom Sufid, LTH, M202, Moroberekan, Nipponbare and Tainung 67). Letters indicate significant differences among types (P< 0.05). Types did not differ significantly inExperiment1.No.gen, numberof genotypes in eachgroup;DAS,days after sowing;WS,wet season;DS, dry season; IRRI, International Rice Research Institute; ICRISAT; International Crops Research Institute for the Semiarid Tropics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rates-of-plant-water-uptake-during-the-drought-stress-u37fmrfw.png Fig. 3. Rates of plant water uptake during the drought stress treatment of (a) Experiment (Exp) 1, (b) Exp 2 and (c) Exp 3. For clarity, only the six most contrasting genotypes for water uptake rates are shown from the 20 genotypes evaluated in each experiment (greater water uptake rates are shownbyblack lines and lowerwater uptake rates bygrey lines).Differences amonghigh and lowwater uptake rate genotypes across each experiment, as determined by repeated measures and LSD (P< 0.05), are indicated by * to show significant differences from all three genotypes with contrasting water uptake rates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-three-lysimeter-experiments-conducted-for-1rhftnw7.png Table 1. Summary of three lysimeter experiments conducted for water uptake measurements of the OryzaSNP panel under drought stress (DS) and well watered (WW) treatments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-water-uptake-rates-normalised-for-initial-rate-in-a-3qlyjxfg.png Fig. 4. Water uptake rates normalised for initial rate in (a) Experiment (Exp) 1, (b) Exp 2 and (c) Exp 3. For clarity, only the six most contrastinggenotypes are shown from the 20genotypes evaluated in each experiment (greater normalisedwater uptake rates are shownby black lines and lower normalised water uptake rates by grey lines). Differences among high and low normalised water uptake rate genotypes across each experiment, as determined by repeated measures and LSD (P< 0.05), are indicated by * to show significant differences from all three genotypes with contrastingwater uptake rates. Note that different genotypes were found to bemost contrasting for absolute and normalised water uptake rates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-total-water-uptake-per-total-root-length-in-lysimeter-29q7yqwu.png Fig. 5. Total water uptake per total root length in lysimeter Experiments 1 and 2 by type. In Experiment 1 (black), bars show the mean value of four O. sativa type aus, eightO. sativa type indica and eightO. sativa type japonica genotypes. In Experiment 2 (grey), bars show themean value of twoO. sativa type aus, three O. sativa type indica and four O. sativa type japonica genotypes. Letters indicate significant differences within each experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlation-matrix-pearson-correlations-between-1py9qw1a.png Table 4. Correlation matrix (Pearson correlations) between plant traits and water uptake https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-shoot-dryweight-b-root-dryweight-and-c-root-shoot-1er2o8k9.png Fig. 1. (a) Shoot dryweight, (b) root dryweight, and (c) root : shoot ratios in Experiments 1 and 2 of twoOryza sativa type aus (white bars), threeO. sativa type indica (blackbars) and fourO. sativa type japonicagenotypes (greybars). Values shown are means s.e. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-root-length-density-rld-in-cm-cm-3-with-depth-in-the-3ivm8sxe.png Table 2. Root length density (RLD) (in cm cm–3) with depth in the well watered control (WW) and drought-stress (DS) treatments in Experiments 1 and 2 Letters indicate significant differences among types. Genotypes in each group were Oryza sativa type aus (Dular, FR13A, N22 and Rayada), O. sativa type indica (Aswina, IR64, Minghui 63, Pokkali, Sadu Cho, SHZ2, Swarna and Zhenshan 97B) and O. sativa type japonica (Azucena, Cypress, Dom Sufid, LTH, M202, Moroberekan, Nipponbare and Tainung 67). P-value indicates the significance level among genotypes and types at each depth based on ANOVA https://scispace.com/papers/waterbox-a-testbed-for-monitoring-and-controlling-smart-32vxvo2avp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dma-based-water-network-architecture-4k1tsag1.png Figure 2: DMA-based water network architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-waterbox-q00ca6sj.png Figure 5: WaterBox. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-testbed-dma-reconfiguration-scenarios-21m23q65.png Figure 4: Testbed DMA reconfiguration scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-testbed-design-overview-3g2gfr6y.png Figure 3: Testbed design overview. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-hydraulics-pipes-and-joints-2lvtxie7.png Figure 6: Hydraulics: pipes and joints. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-experiment-software-infrastructure-2428vfwb.png Figure 9: Experiment software infrastructure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-large-scale-testbed-and-sensor-node-hardware-2g7cpyb4.png Figure 1: Large scale testbed and sensor node hardware. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-smart-water-shield-3uwi8q3u.png Figure 8: Smart water shield. https://scispace.com/papers/waterglass-impregnation-of-municipal-solid-waste-3tcnf81ebp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-a-waterglass-amounts-used-for-achieving-different-1f9zgkcc.png Table 4 (a) Waterglass amounts used for achieving different coating thicknesses based on the BET surface area of the BA (b) Materials quantities applied in the mortars manufacture, based on the total mass of the mortars. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sem-picture-of-a-uncoated-ba-particle-and-b-the-sodium-3ulcw4jq.png Fig. 3. SEM picture of (a) uncoated BA particle and (b) the sodium silicate coating layer on the BA surface after the impregnation treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-influence-of-the-coating-thickness-on-the-total-pore-3b92v2mb.png Fig. 4. Influence of the coating thickness on the total pore volume and BET surface area of the loose BA particles. (B) Cumulative surface area distribution determined using the BJH method, as function of the pore average size of loose BA particles for different coating thickness. The coating thickness 0 corresponds to the uncoated BA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-mini-spread-flow-of-the-coated-and-uncoated-pastes-286l5h84.png Fig. 5. (a) Mini spread flow of the coated and uncoated pastes for different replacement levels. The value 0 on the x axis identifies the uncoated samples. The reference sample represents the spread flow of PC with standard sand. (b) Flexural strength and (c) compressive strength of mortars including between 25% and 100% BA as fine aggregates. The bar in correspondence of 0% represents the reference performance. The coating thickness has been calculated based on the initial BA BET surface area. d) Porosity and bulk density of the mortars, as function of the replacement level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-effective-atomic-ca-si-ratio-b-effective-atomic-na-12ppe3cc.png Fig. 6. (a) Effective atomic Ca/Si ratio (b) Effective atomic Na/Si ratio and (c) Effective Na rate (d) Effective Si rate of the samples CEM I 52.5 R, BA20_50 and BA20_75 as function of the distance from the aggregate, measured by EDX. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-sem-overview-of-the-undissolved-wg-coating-after-28-2kn65v7m.png Fig. 7. (a) SEM overview of the undissolved WG coating after 28 days curing in https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-properties-of-the-reference-sand-and-bottom-p7gvhkv4.png Table 1 Physical properties of the reference sand and bottom ash applied in the study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-the-leaching-behaviour-of-the-most-fyahab9p.png Fig. 8. Comparison of the leaching behaviour of the most leachable elements of mortars tested as shaped material at 16 days (van der Sloot et al., 1994) with and without coating, measured by IC and ICP/OES. An integral version of the data, including the limits imposed by the soil quality decree, is available in the appendix B. https://scispace.com/papers/watt-scale-50-mhz-source-of-single-cycle-waveform-stable-3or63rb3w7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-measured-eos-trace-of-mir-transient-generated-by-2g205xjm.png Fig. 4. (a) Measured EOS trace of MIR transient generated by IPDFG (black) and recovered MIR input field (red). (b) Measured EOS spectrum (black) (Fourier transform of the temporal waveform) compared with the independently measured FTIR spectrum (grey) and the recovered spectrum (red). (c) Spectral phase of the measured EOS pulse (black). Phase due to 6 mm of propagation through bulk germanium (grey). Sum of EOS phase and Ge (black dashed). Measured spectral phase after insertion of bulk Ge in the beam path (red). (d) Measured EOS after compression with bulk Ge (black) and the retrieved field (red) with a 43-fs intensity FWHM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-schematic-of-the-tm-fibre-based-cpa-2ujt2i72.png Fig. 1. Experimental schematic of the Tm:fibre-based CPA frontend. SIF: step index fiber; HWP: half wave plate; TFP: thin film polarizer; QWP: quarter wave plate; PCF 1: 13-μm MFD; PCF 2: 56-μm MFD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-setup-of-the-ipdfg-and-eos-g1-g2-are-gold-2rua1wrp.png Fig. 3. Experimental setup of the IPDFG and EOS. G1, G2 are gold-coated silicon beamsplitter gratings. Ge LPF: coated 1-mm Ge longpass filter with 4.5 um cut-on. Pol.: wire grid polarizer; UVFS: UV fused silica; SPF: shortpass filter 1550 nm. WoP: Wollaston prism; Bal. Det.: balanced InGaAs photodetector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-measured-left-and-retrieved-right-frog-spectrograms-t8jyn2fm.png Fig. 2. (a) Measured [left] and retrieved [right] FROG spectrograms of the longer pulse PCF compression channel. (b) Retrieved FROG temporal intensity and phase. (c) Retrieved FROG spectral intensity and phase, compared to independently measured spectrum obtained using a NIR grating spectrometer. (d–f ) shows the same information as (a–c), this time measured for the shorter pulse PCF channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-photon-brilliance-of-the-mir-spectrum-calculated-from-3ttia2ny.png Fig. 5. Photon brilliance of the MIR spectrum calculated from the measured average power and retrieved EOS spectrum, compared with other common FTIR sources [21]. https://scispace.com/papers/waterlike-anomalies-in-a-two-dimensional-core-softened-3xtd7kfkgb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-p-x-t-phase-diagram-of-the-colloidal-system-the-gray-3q53avt9.png FIG. 3. p × T phase diagram of the colloidal system. The gray lines are the isochores. The dashed blue line delimits the structural anomaly regions, with the maximum and minimum values of τ . The dotted-dashed red line delimits the diffusion anomalous regions, with the minimum and maximum values of D. The green line defines the density anomaly region and corresponds to the temperature of maximum density (TMD) line. The black stars are located over the isotherm T = 0.12 and correspond to the densities ρ = 0.15, ρ = 0.225, ρ = 0.325, ρ = 0.35, ρ = 0.425, and ρ = 0.525. The dotted black line delimits the fluid and amorphous solid regions. The errors obtained for the mean value of p and T were smaller than 10−4 for all cases, and the errors bars were omitted for simplicity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-diffusion-constant-d-and-b-translational-order-10f295xd.png FIG. 2. (a) Diffusion constant D and (b) translational order parameter τ as function of the system density. In both figures the maxima and minima that characterize the anomalies are represented by a dashed red line. For the diffusion anomaly, the anomalous region at lower densities ranges from the isotherm T = 0.07 to T = 0.24, while the second anomalous region goes from T = 0.07 to T = 0.15. In the case of the structural anomaly, the first anomalous regions goes from the isotherm T = 0.07 to T = 0.40, and the anomalous region at higher densities is located between the temperatures T = 0.07 and T = 0.24. The errors bars in D and τ are smaller than the data point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-core-softened-interaction-potential-u-between-two-2fsq4aro.png FIG. 1. Core-softened interaction potential U between two corecorona particles. Inset: schematic depiction of the particles, with the core (first length scale at rij ≡ r1 ≈ 1.2σ ) and the soft corona (second length scale at rij ≡ r1 ≈ 2.0σ ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-analysis-of-the-isotherm-t-0-12-for-the-colloidal-1252ymw9.png FIG. 4. Analysis of the isotherm T = 0.12 for the colloidal system. (a) Radial distribution function (RDF) g(rij ) for densities inside the first anomalous region indicates that these anomalies originate by the competition between the two length scales. Curves for densities 0.15 ρ < 0.225 are represented by black lines, for 0.225 ρ < 0.325 by red lines, and for ρ = 0.325 by the green line. The arrows shows how the peaks in g(rij ) move. The black arrow shows the grow of the second peak for densities below ρ = 0.225, the red arrow the decrease in the second peak, and the green arrow the increase in the first peak for densities between ρ = 0.225 and ρ = 0.325. (b) Radial distribution function (RDF) g(rij ) for densities inside the second anomalous region indicates that there is not a competition between the scales. Curves for densities 0.35 ρ < 0.425 are represented by black lines, for 0.425 ρ < 0.525 by red lines, and for ρ = 0.525 by the green line. Both peaks increase from ρ = 0.35 to ρ = 0.425, while the valley between them decreases. This is indicated by the red arrows. The green arrows show that from ρ = 0.425 to ρ = 0.525 the peaks decrease and the valley increases. Therefore, the system becomes more structured and then more disordered, which explains the second structural anomaly. Related to this transition from disordered to ordered to disordered structure, the slope of the MSD curve decreases and then increases, as shown in (c). The snapshots in (d) show the disks’ conformation, including a kagome lattice at ρ = 0.60. https://scispace.com/papers/wave-boundary-conditions-and-overtopping-in-complex-areas-aeif4dx15v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-empirical-formulations-for-deep-water-fetch-limited-2pu7g3jm.png Table 1. Empirical formulations for deep water fetch-limited wave growth considered, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-wave-growth-over-1000-m-for-a-wind-speed-of-40-m-s-1b7a8969.png Fig. 6. Wave growth over 1000 m for a wind speed of 40 m/s, according to the references in Table 1, showing the considerable scatter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-a-complex-area-the-city-of-harlingen-8urcv273.png Fig. 1. Example of a complex area: the city of Harlingen. Breakwaters and quays, submerged during design conditions, protect partly the flood defence structures of the city. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-energy-density-spectrum-after-wave-transmission-with-1ghw8vym.png Fig. 3. Energy density spectrum after wave transmission with energy at higher frequencies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-wave-transmission-results-for-low-crested-smooth-1bfe8wxw.png Fig. 2. Wave transmission results for low-crested smooth structures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-quays-at-various-levels-two-slopes-and-a-vertical-wall-1vq74wa8.png Fig. 8. Quays at various levels, two slopes and a vertical wall which had to be increased. The lowest figure is the schematisation for calculation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-quays-at-various-levels-in-front-of-a-vertical-wall-1l4ddaug.png Fig. 7. Quays at various levels in front of a vertical wall which had to be increased. The lowest figure is the schematisation for calculation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-slope-with-a-horizontal-crest-above-swl-and-the-1v5nll34.png Fig. 9. A slope with a horizontal crest above swl and the location of a vertical wall, which had to be increased. The lowest figure is the schematisation for calculation https://scispace.com/papers/wave-induced-chemical-chaos-4uilsrkyot 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-a-b-phase-plane-form-38-0-and-f-3-0-with-x0-100-0-12oww258.png FIG. 4. The a-b phase plane form 38.0 and f 3.0, with x0 100.0. The thin line shows trajectories of the reaction-diffusion system taken at the middle of the reaction zonesx 50.0d. The heavy line represents the trajectory of the spatially homogeneous system spiraling out from the unstable focus. The heavy dashed line corresponds to the traveling wave solution of the reaction-diffusion system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-space-time-plot-ofa-in-the-chaotic-regime-where-white-1ma0cqv9.png FIG. 3. Space-time plot ofa in the chaotic regime, where white corresponds toa 1.0 and black toa 0.0. The front was initiated at the left boundary att 0; parameter values are the same as in Fig. 2 except the width of the reaction zone is x0 200.0. https://scispace.com/papers/wave-induced-light-field-fluctuations-in-measured-irradiance-xoqu9gajlk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-summary-of-optical-properties-a-sky-diffuseness-it-12w04lex.png Figure 5. Summary of optical properties. (a) Sky diffuseness. It is computed as the ratio of the diffuse part of the downwelling plane irradiance above sea surface Ediff to the direct part of the irradiance Edir, based on the RADTRAN model [Gregg and Carder, 1990]. (b) Diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance. (c) Light scattering coefficient. (d) Single scattering albedo. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-scatter-plots-of-signatures-derived-from-4zur0l9t.png Figure 12. Scatter plots of signatures derived from irradiance depth profiles and fixed-position time series under clear skies. (a) Dominant frequency fp derived within water depths of 1– 13.5 m. (b) Coefficient of variation derived within water depths of 2.3–13.5 m. (c) Mean irradiance derived within water depths of 1–13.5 m. The root-mean-square error and the mean relative error are also indicated for the depth profiles’ derivations and time series derivations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-schematic-illustration-of-the-free-fall-tln4sh0z.png Figure 6. (a) Schematic illustration of the free-fall deployment in water column. (b) A photo of the instrument system standing on board. The instrument package is composed of (1) upward looking radiance camera; (2) downward looking radiance camera; (3) four-channel irradiance/radiance sensor (OCR-504I/R); (4) CTD sensor; and (5) fiber optic cable. Image courtesy of Satlantic LP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-irradiance-depth-profiles-k5-555-nm-in-the-rtrskbmg.png Figure 7. (a) Irradiance depth profiles (k5 555 nm) in the Pacific Ocean under clear sky. (b) Normalized irradiance depth profile In(555). The irradiance profiles were measured on 5 September 2009, 00:30 UTC; the instrument package descends at a speed of 0.45 m s21 in water, with a data acquisition frequency of 7 Hz; clear sky; wind speed 10 m s21; sea surface is dominated by waves of 1.5–2 m high. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-spectral-dependence-of-irradiance-fluctuations-in-6188wg9o.png Figure 11. Spectral dependence of irradiance fluctuations in the measured irradiance depth profiles under clear skies. The mean values are denoted as circles (for Pacific Ocean data) and squares (for SBC data); the error bars represent the standard deviations of the data. The shaded areas (green for Pacific data, and red for SBC data) describe the upper and lower limits of the observed parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-light-geometry-under-a-sine-wave-denoted-in-blue-3rfq8fcc.png Figure 1. Light geometry under a sine wave (denoted in blue). The incident light is normal to the mean sea surface, represented by a sine wave, f5 0.4 3 sin(2px/2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-depth-evolution-of-the-coefficient-of-variation-of-1ln11dgk.png Figure 10. Depth evolution of the coefficient of variation of the irradiance fluctuations derived from irradiance profiles (555 nm) measured under clear skies. (a) Example of model fitting of the CV distribution in the Pacific Ocean; same profile was used as Figure 9a. (b) Ensemble of fitted CV profiles in Pacific Ocean represented by lines in different colors. (c) Example of model fitting of the CV distribution in the Santa Barbara Channel; same irradiance profile was used as Figure 9c. (d) A family of the CV profiles in the Santa Barbara Channel represented by lines in different colors. Historical CV data are also shown for comparison. SD(98): k5 555 nm, hs5 30 , by Stramska and Dickey [1998]; GA(09): k5 510 nm, hs5 20 –85 , by Gernez and Antoine [2009]; SD(70): k5 525 nm, hs5 26 –44 , by Snyder and Dera [1970]; FWJ(80): k5 525 nm, hs5 23 , by Fraser et al. [1980]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-focal-depth-of-lighting-geometry-under-a-modeled-1wx010na.png Figure 3. (a) Focal depth of lighting geometry under a modeled sinusoidal sea-surface wave. Two other predictions for vertical incidence are also overlaid according to Zaneveld et al. [2001] (denoted in triangles) and McLean and Freeman [1996] (denoted as circles); a wavelength of 1 m long is assumed. (b) The F factors varying with the solar zenith angle and sea wave slope. https://scispace.com/papers/wave-energy-estimation-in-four-italian-nearshore-areas-b26k1ocbrt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-northern-tuscany-yearly-mean-wave-power-values-of-uojqr7fd.png Table 1. Northern Tuscany: yearly mean wave power values of the extracted points https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-central-tuscany-yearly-mean-wave-power-values-of-the-1n6zd5rm.png Table 2. Central Tuscany: yearly mean wave power values of the extracted points https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-central-tuscany-location-and-wave-roses-of-the-26u0qt0o.png Figure 11. Central Tuscany: location and wave roses of the extracted points https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-north-tuscany-location-and-wave-roses-of-the-3r9mp7gc.png Figure 10. North Tuscany: location and wave roses of the extracted points https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-liguria-location-and-wave-roses-of-the-extracted-375ejazc.png Figure 12. Liguria: location and wave roses of the extracted points https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sardinia-yearly-mean-wave-power-values-of-the-22xfz81w.png Table 4. Sardinia: yearly mean wave power values of the extracted points https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-sardinia-location-and-wave-roses-of-the-extracted-1ly9v136.png Figure 13. Sardinia: location and wave roses of the extracted points https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-liguria-yearly-mean-wave-power-values-of-the-id700p2p.png Table 3. Liguria: yearly mean wave power values of the extracted points https://scispace.com/papers/wave-digital-filter-modeling-of-circuits-with-operational-4rwx4jxos5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-results-of-four-simulations-in-the-frequency-domain-2kr4h3p6.png Fig. 7. Results of four simulations in the frequency domain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-op-amp-an-ideal-model-and-a-non-ideal-model-3r1dwuwa.png Fig. 1. The op-amp, an ideal model, and a non-ideal model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-op-amp-based-bridged-t-resonator-schematic-b-op-amp-3it22try.png Fig. 4. (a) Op-amp-based Bridged-T Resonator schematic; (b) op-amp symbol replaced by nullor; and (c) op-amp symbol replaced by linear macromodel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-nullor-a-and-element-stamp-b-for-modified-nodal-3fjrqhuo.png Fig. 3. Nullor (a) and element stamp (b) for Modified Nodal Analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-symbols-and-port-definitions-for-nullator-norator-and-27auq4t8.png Fig. 2. Symbols and port definitions for nullator, norator, and nullor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-reference-circuits-rearranged-to-highlight-wdf-adaptor-38dwg5s4.png Fig. 5. Reference circuits rearranged to highlight WDF adaptor structures corresponding to (a) the nullor-based model (Fig. 4b); and (b) the macromodel-based model (Fig. 4c). WDF adaptors are represnted by shaded boxes, whose darker shaded edges indicate the adapted port as in [2]. R-type adaptors in each are shown with Thévenin equivalents (A · · ·F and A · · ·K, respectively) and node labels necessary for their scattering matrix derivations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-parameters-and-results-14q1sw0g.png TABLE I SIMULATION PARAMETERS AND RESULTS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-forming-mna-matrix-x-highlighting-examples-of-resistor-2w0sdidt.png Fig. 6. Forming MNA matrix X, highlighting examples of resistor (red, RB), voltage source (blue, eb), and nullor (green, Fig. 3) element stamps. https://scispace.com/papers/wave-packet-dynamics-in-semiconductor-quantum-rings-of-1jakzoetdn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-the-same-as-fig-4-c-but-now-we-consider-n1gfk7xt.png FIG. 5. Color online The same as Fig. 4 c but now we consider the wave packet with energy 3 to be in the second subband, with wave vector k3 2 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-time-evolution-of-the-wave-function-2z10ieag.png FIG. 6. Color online Time evolution of the wave-function projections on the ground black , first-excited red , and secondexcited blue subband states of a quantum well of width W =100 Å, calculated at the upper arm of the ring, for a wave packet in the second subband with energy 430 meV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-contour-plots-of-the-time-evolution-of-31ss7nbd.png FIG. 7. Color online Contour plots of the time evolution of the squared wave function, for right-angle left panels and smooth right panels lead-ring connections. The initial wave packet is in the lowest subband with width =200 Å and energy a 1 and b https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-color-online-transmission-probabilities-for-a-wave-nncdaikx.png FIG. 16. Color online Transmission probabilities for a wave packet with energy 2, as functions of the magnetic field, considering smooth channel-ring connections, in the presence of a one impurity, localized at three different distances zimp1 from the ring plane: 1 Å black, solid , 100 Å red, dashed , and 400 Å blue, dotted , and b two impurities, each one localized symmetrically in one arm of the ring, at distances zimp1=1 Å and zimp2=1 Å black, solid or zimp2=100 Å red, dashed . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-potential-profiles-for-a-rings-and-b-t-3lmjd6ri.png FIG. 1. Color online Potential profiles for a rings and b T wires, considering top right-angle and bottom smooth connections. The smooth connections are described by circles of radius Rs=300 Å. The width in both systems is W=100 Å and the average radius is Rav=600 Å. The potential is defined as V x ,y =0 inside ring and channel regions blue and Ve outside white . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-contour-plots-of-the-time-evolution-of-2q8jid20.png FIG. 8. Color online Contour plots of the time evolution of the squared wave function, for right-angle left panels and smooth right panels lead-ring connections. The initial wave packet has width =200 Å, energy 3, and is in the a lowest subband with wave vector k3 1 , and in the b second subband with wave vector k3 2 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-transmission-probabilities-t-for-wave-3bg7cw50.png FIG. 10. Color online Transmission probabilities T for wave packets with energies 1 black, dashed and 2 red, dotted in the first subband, and with energy 3 in the first blue, solid and second green, dashed-dotted subbands, as functions of the magnetic field, for a right-angle and b smooth lead-ring connections. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-time-dependent-probability-current-3pt2ty51.png FIG. 9. Color online Time-dependent probability current, calculated at three points: left channel, upper arm of the ring, and right channel, for wave packets with energies 1 black, solid , 2 red, dashed , and 3 blue, dotted in the case of sharp lead-ring connections. https://scispace.com/papers/wave-particle-duality-a-proposed-resolution-3dyt2tknw6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cordus-model-of-the-photon-it-is-proposed-that-the-3pd6x12g.png Figure 2: Cordus model of the photon. It is proposed that the photon probably only has a single radial hyff at each reactive end, whereas the electron has three, but the fundamental structural concept is similar. Image is in the common domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CordusConjecture2.21_PhotonCordus.png https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-geometry-of-the-cordus-at-the-critical-angle-thc-ot8po55v.png Figure 6: Geometry of the cordus at the critical angle θc for total internal reflection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-photon-behaviour-in-the-double-slit-experiment-2yr4coew.png Figure 3: Photon behaviour in the double-slit experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-reflection-occurs-as-a-curved-transition-some-1qumz1p5.png Figure 5: Reflection occurs as a curved transition some https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-areas-where-there-are-integration-problems-in-1xwlhjbo.png Figure 1: Areas where there are integration problems in conventional physics. The first shown here is the problem of wave-particle duality, where light behaves as either a wave or particle depending on how it is observed. Another is gravitation, particularly the integration of general relativity and quantum mechanics. Unification of forces is another area of difficulty, the biggest obstacle being the unification of gravitation with the others. There is also the more tacit problem of the internal structure of matter: particles seem to be 1 dimensional points and some theories predict that they have no further internal structure [e.g. for the photon], yet other particles like the proton are known to be composed of still smaller particles though the structure itself is unknown. Finally, there is the problem of the various anomalous effects: observed phenomena that are difficult to explain. The wider integration is also missing: an ideal theory would explain ALL of the above. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-refraction-involves-a-dormant-reactive-end-233q796t.png Figure 7: Refraction involves a dormant reactive-end penetrating into the second medium, and being angularly deflected with reduction in speed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-working-model-for-frequency-behaviour-of-reactive-1inrj2fq.png Figure 4: Working model for frequency behaviour of reactive ends. https://scispace.com/papers/waveforms-in-massive-gravity-and-neutralization-of-giant-482lcqeh9f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-square-of-the-wave-number-pdo-1-4-re1-2o0-th-as-a-bbatez8r.png FIG. 4. The square of the wave number pðω ¼ Re½ω0 Þ as a function of the mass. In the low-mass regime, the partial wave exciting the quasinormal ringing has a propagative behavior while, for masses in the range where the excitation factor B0 and the excitation coefficient C0 have a strong resonant behavior, its has an evanescent behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-the-waveform-12-with-the-quasinormal-3bt93ucj.png FIG. 5. Comparison of the waveform (12) with the quasinormal waveform (13). The results are obtained for (a) ~α → 0 and (b) ~α ¼ 0.25. The parameters of the Gaussian source (3) are ϕ0 ¼ 1, a ¼ 1 and r0 ¼ 10M. The observer is located at r ¼ 50M. The quality of the superposition of the two signals decreases as the mass increases due to the dispersive nature of the massive field (the excitation of QBSs playing a negligible role). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-resonant-behavior-in-massive-gravity-of-the-excitation-37u72qz5.png FIG. 3. Resonant behavior, in massive gravity, of the excitation coefficient C0 of the odd-parity (l ¼ 1, n ¼ 0) QNM. It is obtained from (15) by using (3) with ϕ0 ¼ 1, a ¼ 1 and r0 ¼ 10M. The maximum of j2MC0j occurs for the critical value ~α0 ≈ 0.88808; we then have 2Mω0 ≈ 0.85277076–0.04084908i, 2MC0 ≈ −4.02613–1.93037i and j2MC0j ≈ 4.46498. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-resonant-behavior-in-massive-gravity-of-the-excitation-k3tnre7h.png FIG. 2. Resonant behavior, in massive gravity, of the excitation factor B0 of the odd-parity (l ¼ 1, n ¼ 0) QNM. The maximum of j2MB0j occurs for the critical value ~α0 ≈ 0.89757; we then have 2Mω0 ≈ 0.85969073–0.03878222i, 2MB0 ≈ 3.25237þ 19.28190i and j2MB0j ≈ 19.5543. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-odd-parity-l-1-4-1mode-of-massive-gravity-a-sample-1z2rh4ct.png TABLE I. Odd-parity l ¼ 1mode of massive gravity. A sample of the first quasibound frequencies ωln. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-thewaveforms-obtained-for-a-0-and-for-a-3hdrha6q.png FIG. 6. Comparison of thewaveforms obtained for ~α → 0 and for ~α ¼ 0.89. The parameters of the Gaussian source (3) are ϕ0 ¼ 1, a ¼ 1 and r0 ¼ 10M. The observer is located at r ¼ 50M. (a) Normal plot and (b) semi-log plot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-spectral-content-of-the-late-time-phase-of-the-2aheq664.png FIG. 7. The spectral content of the “late-time” phase of the waveform for ~α ¼ 0.25. The parameters of the Gaussian source (3) are ϕ0 ¼ 1, a ¼ 1 and r0 ¼ 10M. The observer is located at r ¼ 50M. We only observe the signature of the first long-lived QBS (see Table I); it is weakly excited (note its very low amplitude) and has little influence on the waveform (see Fig. 5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-quadrupolar-waveform-ph22dt-rth-associated-with-the-l-3lxzswgi.png FIG. 14. Quadrupolar waveform ϕ22ðt; rÞ associated with the (l ¼ 2, m ¼ 2) mode of the massive scalar field and generated by a scalar point particle on a plunge trajectory (see Ref. [22] for the theory). The mass parameter corresponds to the maximum of jB20j (see Fig. 13) and the observer is located at r ¼ 10M. (a) The quasinormal ringing does not appear in the waveform. The beats are caused by interferences between QBSs. (b) Spectral content of the adiabatic phase. We observe, in addition to the signature of the quasicircular motion of the plunging particle, that of the first long-lived QBSs. (c) Spectral content of the late-time phase. We observe a profusion of long-lived QBSs with an accumulation which converges to the limiting frequency 2Mω ¼ ~α. https://scispace.com/papers/wave-tank-study-of-internal-waves-22rz37dc5p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-34roi5x9.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-105mqgdi.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/papers/waveguide-integrated-thz-quantum-cascade-lasers-for-4zwdqrrx4b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-top-photograph-of-interior-of-qcl-lo-module-showing-a-4blig84l.png Fig. 3 (Top) Photograph of interior of QCL-LO module, showing (A) a 3.5-THz QCL located within a waveguide channel, (B) a pair of diagonal feedhorns and (C) an electrical interface. (Bottom) Exterior view of complete assembled block, with mirrors attached for beam profiling. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-top-top-down-cad-illustration-of-the-locus-breadboard-9xuyy617.png Fig. 2. (Top) Top-down CAD illustration of the LOCUS breadboard system: A, B = telescope optics, C = cryocooler. (Bottom) Photograph of fullyconstructed system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-locus-satellite-payload-system-schematic-14xxzm5t.png Fig. 1. LOCUS satellite payload system schematic https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-thz-power-profiles-top-for-dual-feedhorn-qcl-module-2529e1te.png Fig. 4. THz power profiles (Top) for dual-feedhorn QCL module and (Bottom) for near-field of telescope optics. https://scispace.com/papers/wavelength-dependent-optical-gain-in-a-kgd-x-lu-1-x-wo-4-2-4tjxbswrhm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cross-section-of-a-channel-waveguide-prior-to-ky-2ua7ebco.png Figure 1. Cross-section of a channel waveguide prior to KY(WO4)2 overgrowth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-modal-gain-as-a-function-of-signal-wavelength-for-39kvgu36.png Figure 3. Modal gain as a function of signal wavelength for different launched pump intensities (pump wavelength 932 nm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-dots-and-simulated-solid-line-modal-19c7004e.png Figure 2. Experimental (dots) and simulated (solid line) modal gain at 981 nm as a function of launched pump power. https://scispace.com/papers/wavelength-encoded-analytical-imaging-and-fiber-optic-2fbyqlur26 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-emission-spectra-as-function-of-the-ph-for-qd625-3bxd84nb.png Fig. 1. Emission spectra as function of the pH for QD625. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ratiometric-calibration-curve-2kbf573m.png Fig. 4. Ratiometric calibration curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-image-of-qds-in-ph-buffer-5-6-right-and-8-left-ph-itje6woq.png Fig. 5. Image of QDs in pH buffer 5.6 (right) and 8 (left). pH information is given by false colour scale (obtained by application of ratiometric processing and sigmoidal calibration to the original images). Black pixels correspond to background (BG). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dependence-of-the-excited-state-lifetime-with-the-tzu0t3wu.png Fig. 3. Dependence of the excited state lifetime with the solution pH. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-variation-of-the-maximum-emission-wavelength-with-the-2dou1suh.png Fig. 2. Variation of the maximum emission wavelength with the solution pH for: (a) QD540; (b) QD580; and (c) QD625. Each curve results from three independent measurements. Standard deviation of measurements is smaller than 0.1%. https://scispace.com/papers/wavelengths-transition-probabilities-and-oscillator-mcrrynby7l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-configuration-state-functions-included-in-the-3w57m6ky.png Table 2. Configuration state functions included in the structure calculations. n=3, 4, 5; n*=4, 5. Note that 1s22s22p6 is omitted in configuration. https://scispace.com/papers/wavelength-modulation-spectrum-of-copper-57ywvhsge5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tgo786lx.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-measured-r-w-r-w-at-t-7-degk-and-the-calculated-lhedmxte.png Figure 1 The measured R'(w)/R(w) at T = 7 °K and the calculated R' (w)/R(w). https://scispace.com/papers/wavefront-sensor-based-electron-density-measurements-for-2xamfsrqcc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-interferogram-obtained-for-a-back-pressure-of-the-2fn8yec9.png FIG. 2: Left, interferogram obtained for a back pressure of the gas jet of 600 psi Hydrogen. Center, phase map [radians] retrieved from Fourier analysis of the interferogram. Right, electron density map [1019 electrons/cm3] retrieved after symmetrization of the phase map and Abel inversion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sensitivity-measurements-for-folded-wave-qrqfa9n0.png FIG. 6: Sensitivity measurements for folded-wave interferometry (a) and wavefront sensing (b). Each figure is the rms deviation of 188 phase maps obtained without plasma. Wavefront-sensorbased measurements are ' 8.4 times more sensitive and the noise is more homogeneously distributed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-plasma-density-diagnostics-when-using-3acq15sy.png FIG. 1: Schematic of the plasma density diagnostics. When using the folded-wave interferometer the wavefront sensor is operated as a camera, both arms of the interferometer are used and interferograms are recorded (a). When using the wavefront sensor for phase front measurements of the probe beam only one arm is used (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-between-direct-wavefront-sensor-2depwn5w.png FIG. 5: Comparison between direct wavefront sensor measurements and folded-wave interferometry on a line out of the density maps obtained using a damaged gas jet nozzle (600 psi, Helium). Both measurements are capable of resolving the “shock” in the gas flow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-contour-plots-of-the-difference-in-percent-between-2bv36zky.png FIG. 4: Contour plots of the difference in percent between average phase maps (upper plot) and average electron density maps (lower plot) from wavefront sensing and folded-wave interferometry obtained at 600 psi Hydrogen. The average was performed on over 50 phase maps in both cases. In the region of interest, the difference between density measurements does not exceed 20%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-contour-plots-from-wavefront-sensor-and-interferometer-33r1ew6l.png FIG. 3: Contour plots from wavefront sensor and interferometer of average phase maps (a) and average electron density maps (b) obtained at 600 psi Hydrogen. The average was performed on over 50 phase maps in both cases, wavefront sensor (solid lines) and folded-wave interferometer (dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-between-direct-wavefront-sensor-2jivd4y8.png TABLE I: Comparison between direct wavefront sensor measurements and folded-wave interferometry for three different pressures. Values correspond to average and rms shot-to-shot deviation of the phase maps, and are indicated in 1019e−/cm3. https://scispace.com/papers/wavelength-modulation-spectra-of-some-semiconductors-3oh6rmfg3h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2omxysl6.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-we-have-explored-this-region-carefully-we-have-not-ulp2d2fz.png Fig. 2, we have explored this region carefully. We have not been able 14 to find the small structures at 2.3 and 2.6 eV observed by Greenway. In the E 1 region, our spectrum confirms the absence of the small 15 structures suggested by Lukes, et al. Decomposition of the spectrum https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-360t7lxe.png TABLE II https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2izhwyqx.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-11jolz7t.png Fig. 2, we have explored this region carefully. We have not been able 14 to find the small structures at 2.3 and 2.6 eV observed by Greenway. In the E 1 region, our spectrum confirms the absence of the small 15 structures suggested by Lukes, et al. Decomposition of the spectrum https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-hbr1s62n.png Fig. 12 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-1fkirjvf.png Fig. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-1bda1wb4.png Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/papers/wavelength-tunable-1-55-mm-region-inas-quantum-dots-in-5a23sywzc1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-room-temperature-rt-pl-spectra-of-the-three-mls-inas-11mw952g.png FIG. 6. a Room-temperature RT PL spectra of the three-MLs InAs QDs of structure B with GaAs interlayer thickness between zero and two MLs. The shaded area is above the detection limit of the cooled InGaAs detector at 1.6 m. b Dependence of the PL peak wavelength and PL peak intensity of the InAs QDs on the GaAs interlayer thickness. The TBA flow rate is 1.0 SCCM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-afm-images-1-0-1-0-m2-of-the-three-mls-ns6zusj4.png FIG. 7. Color online AFM images 1.0 1.0 m2 of the three-MLs InAs QDs on the surface of structure B with GaAs interlayer thickness of a 2.0, b 1.2, c 0.4, and d 0 MLs. The TBA flow rate is 1.0 SCCM. The height contrast is 10 nm in all images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-temperature-dependence-of-the-pl-peak-energy-and-pl-3sdrth35.png FIG. 8. a Temperature dependence of the PL peak energy and PL linewidth of the three-MLs InAs QDs with 1.2-MLs GaAs interlayer. The dashed line is the temperature dependence of the InAs band-gap energy according to the Varshni law, assuming Eg=0.88 eV at T=0 K. b Integrated PL intensity of the InAs QDs as a function of temperature. The solid line is the exponential fit with a thermal activation energy of 145 meV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sample-structure-a-and-b-sample-structure-b-210rzvnd.png FIG. 1. a Sample structure A and b sample structure B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-qd-height-and-base-diameter-as-a-3m5wmg4k.png FIG. 2. Color online a QD height and base diameter as a function of growth temperature. b – e AFM images 0.5 1.0 m2 of the QDs of structure A grown at b 480, c 500, d 520, and e 585 °C. The height contrast is 40 nm in all images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-xrd-spectrum-of-a-typical-structure-b-recorded-in-the-2xtkmg1k.png FIG. 3. XRD spectrum of a typical structure B recorded in the vicinity of the symmetric 004 reflection. The three-MLs InAs QDs embedded in an InGaAsP matrix with two-MLs GaAs interlayer are grown at 500 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-pl-spectra-taken-at-4-8-k-of-the-three-19l2bum2.png FIG. 4. Color online a PL spectra taken at 4.8 K of the three-MLs InAs QDs of structure B embedded in InGaAsP without GaAs interlayer dashed line , with two-MLs GaAs interlayer dash-dotted line , and with additional TMG flushing under TBA flow solid line . The shaded area is above the detection limit of the cooled InGaAs detector at 1.6 m. b – d AFM images 0.5 1.0 m2 of the corresponding QDs on the surface. The height contrast is 15 nm in all images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-a-normalized-pl-spectra-taken-at-4-8-k-of-srk00oj5.png FIG. 5. Color online a Normalized PL spectra taken at 4.8 K of the three-MLs InAs QDs of structure B with two-MLs GaAs interlayer and additional TMG flushing under TBA flow. The TBA flow rate is varied between 6.1 and 1.0 SCCM while the TMI flow rate is kept constant. The shaded area is above the detection limit of the cooled InGaAs detector at 1.6 m. b – d AFM images 0.5 1.0 m2 of the corresponding InAs QDs on the surface grown under the TBA flow rate of b 6.1, c 2.0, and d 1.0 SCCM. The height contrast is 10 nm in all images. https://scispace.com/papers/wavelet-based-clustering-of-sea-level-records-1utm0rgq3d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-as-in-fig-3-but-for-slp-time-series-in-kungsholmsfort-2n0sedim.png Fig. 4 As in Fig. 3 but for SLP time series in Kungsholmsfort (KUN) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mosaic-plot-representing-the-contribution-per-wavelet-287atowr.png Fig. 5 Mosaic plot representing the contribution per wavelet scale to the total variance of a MSL, b SLP, and c covariance of MSL and SLP, for all stations (darker colors indicate higher absolute values) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-modwt-decomposition-for-msl-time-series-in-3ro243jq.png Fig. 3 MODWT decomposition for MSL time series in Kungsholmsfort (KUN) after phase shift for temporal alignment. From top to bottom components for wavelet scale j = 1, . . . , 10. The vertical dashed lines delineate the boundary regions (wavelet coefficients outside of the lines are influenced to some degree by boundary conditions) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dendrogram-of-the-hierarchical-clustering-of-the-3nxavsps.png Fig. 6 Dendrogram of the hierarchical clustering of the stations (average linkage criterion): a variance-only; b variance + covariance https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-analysed-daily-tide-gauge-records-1kan6xjo.png Table 1 Analysed daily tide gauge records https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-daily-time-series-1979-2005-of-mean-sea-level-msl-from-21iksw0j.png Fig. 2 Daily time series (1979–2005) of mean sea level (MSL) from Baltic tide gauges and sea-level pressure (SLP) from ERA-interim reanalysis https://scispace.com/papers/wavelet-based-individual-blade-pitch-control-for-vibration-1bn7sczfhq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-max-blade-out-of-plane-displacement-for-varied-wind-1lbwg08g.png FIGURE 6 Max blade out-of-plane displacement for varied wind speeds https://scispace.com/papers/wavelet-based-ultrasound-image-denoising-using-an-alpha-31e3mszr9j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-image-enhancement-measures-obtained-by-the-3-1di3haau.png Table 2. Image enhancement measures obtained by the 3 denoising methods. The S/MSE is given in dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bayesian-processor-input-output-curves-for-alphastable-2nh3xncf.png Fig. 3. Bayesian processor input-output curves for alphastable signal (1 < α ≤ 2) and Gaussian noise prior distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sas-modeling-of-wavelet-subband-coefficients-1hcj1cij.png Table 1. SαS modeling of wavelet subband coefficients corresponding to a kidney ultrasound image. The tabulated key parameter α defines the degree of non-Gaussianity as deviations from the value α = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-the-speckle-suppression-algorithm-rdf3ofpi.png Fig. 1. Block diagram of the speckle suppression algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-between-sas-and-generalized-laplacian-apds-1h42du0k.png Fig. 2. Comparison between SαS and “generalized Laplacian” APDs depicted in solid and dashed lines, respectively. SαS has parameters α = 1.156 and γ = 7.908, while the estimated parameters of the “generalized Laplacian” distribution are p = 0.461, and s = 2.004. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-of-various-speckle-suppressing-methods-a-2n9w9srs.png Fig. 4. Results of various speckle suppressing methods: (a) Original image; (b) Image degraded with simulated speckle noise (S/MSE = 9.75dB); (c) Homomorphic Wiener filtering; (d) Median filtering; (e) Soft thresholding; (f) Bayesian denoising. https://scispace.com/papers/wavelet-analysis-of-secular-geomagnetic-variations-3z1zip5qom 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-plots-of-the-parameter-t-versus-the-dimension-of-37mdzfon.png Figure 6. Plots of the parameter τ versus the dimension of the moment q. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-scale-diagrams-of-the-energy-density-ew-for-various-3o4ytm1a.png Figure 7. Scale diagrams of the energy density Ew for various time intervals of SV y: (a) from 1965 to 1975 (1-year interval); (b) from 1960 through 2000 (10-year interval). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-scale-diagrams-of-ew-for-years-when-3fr25gad.png Figure 8. Comparison of scale diagrams of Ew for years when singularities are observed in the SV y field (a, c) and for years when no singularities are present (b, d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-of-the-wavelet-transformation-of-real-sv-48q8giko.png Figure 1. An example of the wavelet transformation of real SV temporal series from Nimegk observatory data: (a) SV x series analyzed and the pattern of the coefficients W (a, b) shown at the bottom; (b) SV z series analyzed and the related pattern of W (a, b); (c) SV y series analyzed and the related pattern of W (a, b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-2-d-projections-of-the-phase-space-obtained-for-3vjkauog.png Figure 9. 2-D projections of the phase space obtained for temporal series of SV y of various lengths (a, b, c), temporal series of SV x (d) and SV z (e), and a polyharmonic signal described by the sum of sinusoids (f). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-energy-density-distribution-for-the-temporal-series-2ni8no8e.png Figure 3. Energy density distribution for the temporal series SV y (a) and the scale diagrams of Ew(a) for 1970 and 1990 (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-temporal-series-of-the-acceleration-sv-y-from-21i460p0.png Figure 2. (a) Temporal series of the acceleration SV ẏ from Nimegk observatory data and the pattern of the coefficients W (a, b) shown at the bottom; (b) analyzed series of the Heaviside function type and its wavelet transform. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-variance-dependence-on-the-scale-a-from-the-results-1iecgsrc.png Figure 4. Variance dependence on the scale a from the results of the SV y wavelet transformation (a); D∗ variance distributions for the scales a = 40 (b), 20 (c) and 10 (d) and the variance of the initial series SV y for each 10-year interval. https://scispace.com/papers/wavelet-based-parallel-dynamic-mesh-adaptation-for-3zf5x7u9lh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-orszag-tang-vortex-flag-cells-and-mr-threshold-at-2pdttetu.png Figure 4: Orszag–Tang vortex: flag cells and MR threshold at te = π as a function of the L1,AMR error of the mass density. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-orszag-tang-vortex-mass-density-at-final-time-te-p-152fhzqe.png Figure 3: Orszag–Tang vortex: mass density at final time te = π. (a) uniform mesh with max value 6.16, in blue, and min value 1.1 in white, (b, and c) adaptive meshes (pseudo-colour: white coarsest level 2, grey finest level 5) using SG, and MR criteria, respectively. The panels in the right column represent the data distribution in the 40 processors indicated by colours. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-the-cpu-time-s-for-the-two-dimensional-magz1bcq.png Table 2: Comparison of the CPU time (s) for the two-dimensional magnetic cloudy test case corresponding to a refined mesh 1, 0242, = 0.01, η = 0.80, and base mesh 162. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-adaptive-computations-of-the-pressure-solution-for-2uepdsqq.png Figure 5: Adaptive computations of the pressure solution for the magnetic cloudy test case related to a 1, 0242 uniform mesh. (a) Carmen-MHD code, (b) AMROC framework with η = 0.99 and 162 base mesh with L = 7. Left columns show the adaptive meshes, red colour corresponds to the most refined level for Carmen-MHD, and dark-blue for AMROC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-amroc-3d-adaptive-computations-of-the-magnetic-1o92is8v.png Table 3: AMROC 3D adaptive computations of the magnetic cloudy test case corresponding to = 0.025, η = 0.80, and base mesh 322. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-adaptation-for-the-3d-magnetic-cloud-test-case-at-20hclhx2.png Figure 6: Adaptation for the 3D magnetic cloud test case at time te = 0.06. AMROC computation related to a uniform mesh 1, 0243 with base mesh 323, 6 refinement levels, = 0.025, and η = 0.80. Left column: 2D cuts of pressure in different planes (y− z plane at x = 0.5, x− z plane with y = 0.5, and x− y plane with z = 0.5). Right column: Refinement levels, dark blue is the maximum refinement level L. In all panels, the orientations of the axes are according to the right-hand rule. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-processor-distribution-for-the-3d-magnetic-cloud-334vs1r1.png Figure 7: Processor distribution for the 3D magnetic cloud test case at time te = 0.06. AMROC computation related to a uniform mesh 1, 0243 with = 0.025 and 60 processors. 2D cuts in different planes (y− z plane at x = 0.5, and x−y plane with z = 0.5). Colours indicate the data distribution in the processors at the cuts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scheme-of-the-projection-restriction-and-prediction-24dbhwqj.png Figure 1: Scheme of the projection (restriction) and prediction (prolongation) operators for the quantity vector Q̄. https://scispace.com/papers/wavelet-decomposition-based-analysis-of-mismatch-negativity-35kt41i68n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistical-tests-of-the-differences-between-wld-bs-313uxx58.png Table 2. Statistical Tests of the Differences Between WLD-BS and Other Methods in the Analysis of the Peak Amplitude and Latency https://scispace.com/papers/wavelet-domain-textual-coding-of-ottoman-script-images-3a13ylqtuf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-compression-results-part-1-1izij9ap.png Table 1: Compression results - part 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-compression-results-part-2-2ng9wk4f.png Table 2: Compression results - part 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-one-stage-nonlinear-subband-decomposition-2tyhsy76.png Figure 2: One stage nonlinear subband decomposition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-part-of-the-original-document-image-dpx7mxsx.png Figure 6: Part of the original document image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-reconstructed-image-2su1nfx6.png Figure 7: Reconstructed image https://scispace.com/papers/wavelet-smoothing-of-functional-magnetic-resonance-images-a-129f03ugdf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-active-regions-determined-from-the-complex-images-3dfnl4w8.png Figure 7. Active regions determined from the complex images after anisotropic spatio-temporal smoothing, with late smoothing in time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-typical-magnitude-fmri-image-of-the-brain-35oz4pl1.png Figure 1. A typical magnitude fMRI image of the brain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-active-regions-determined-from-the-complex-images-3aldrv00.png Figure 4. Active regions determined from the complex images after independent smoothing of slices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-active-regions-determined-from-the-complex-images-dnx33ca3.png Figure 6. Active regions determined from the complex images after anisotropic spatio-temporal smoothing, with early smoothing in time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-active-regions-determined-from-the-complex-images-1v2ci5cv.png Figure 5. Active regions determined from the complex images after independent smoothing of volumes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-active-regions-determined-from-the-real-magnitude-2phwusk8.png Figure 2. Active regions determined from the real magnitude images. Active pixels are shown in white at the top; at the bottom the active pixels are multiplied by the grey scales of the image in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-active-regions-determined-from-the-complex-images-2i80mvar.png Figure 8. Active regions determined from the complex images after smoothing of slices in the Fourier domain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-active-regions-determined-from-the-complex-images-2m1dh838.png Figure 3. Active regions determined from the complex images. Active pixels are shown in white at the top; at the bottom the active pixels are multiplied by the grey scales of the image in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/papers/wavelet-multivariate-relevance-vector-machine-hybrid-model-5di7yrpy0g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-wavelet-modwt-based-power-distribution-by-level-3czxg800.png Table 2 Wavelet MODWT-based power distribution by level https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-the-selected-models-m2-and-m5-to-the-2n3tc2i3.png Fig. 5 Comparison of the selected models (M2 and M5) to the historical average https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-statistical-results-of-m2-m5-and-9-years-average-as-1s9abbbm.png Table 5 Statistical results of M2, M5 and 9-years average as compared to the observed data for the 2 years of unseen test data set https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-design-1-of-wavelet-mra-decomposition-3dexv9lb.png Fig. 1 Design 1 of Wavelet-MRA decomposition https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-left-predicted-eto-versus-observed-eto-time-series-for-2l7tutc8.png Fig. 4 Left Predicted ETo versus observed ETo time series for two-years of unseen test data for Model 5 for selected days. Right Plots of predicted ETo versus observed ETo for the same time period https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-weather-data-for-delta-from-2002-till-2012-2ls4inae.png Table 1 Average weather data for delta from 2002 till 2012 Month Tmax ( C) Tmin ( C) RHmin (%) RHmax (%) Rs (W m-2) U (m s-1) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-scatter-plots-of-forecasted-eto-using-modified-models-1avzyc6l.png Fig. 7 Scatter plots of forecasted ETo using modified models: M1* (a), M2* (b) and M5*(c) compared to observed ETo https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-models-inputs-and-average-statistics-of-the-unseen-14no18i8.png Table 3 Models inputs and average statistics of the unseen test data set for the 16 days of forecasted ETo https://scispace.com/papers/wavelet-transforms-and-their-recent-applications-in-biology-2t4o44am3v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-44-letter-z-columns-fc1-2dw8arlv.png Fig. 44. Letter Z, columns, FC1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-55-letter-c-rows-cz-1gpdp7ms.png Fig. 55. Letter C, rows, CZ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-65-error-db9-respect-80-a7jdamxt.png Fig. 65. Error DB9 respect 80% https://scispace.com/figures/fig-70-letter-t-columns-2egd1v7r.png Fig. 70. Letter T, columns https://scispace.com/figures/fig-67-letter-h-rows-2dej3vfk.png Fig. 67. Letter H, rows https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-predicted-letters-for-bior3-3-17nd5onl.png Table 10. Predicted letters for bior3.3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-69-letter-a-rows-wzsam8xg.png Fig. 69. Letter A, rows https://scispace.com/figures/fig-68-letter-a-columns-3g4mb5y4.png Fig. 68. Letter A, columns https://scispace.com/papers/wavelet-p-leader-non-gaussian-multiscale-expansions-for-eeg-1si6b47eqz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-non-gaussian-expansion-indices-2ktl0l64.png TABLE I: Non-Gaussian expansion indices https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-non-gaussian-multiscale-expansion-p-value-topographic-1lx3mpmd.png Fig. 2: Non-Gaussian multiscale expansion. p-value topographic maps from non-parametric Wilcoxon tests between resting state and CPT elicitation for Non-Gaussian multifractal indices calculated on the time-varying power in the θ band: blue (red) areas indicate significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) with higher (lower) values during the resting state with respect to CPT session (green areas: p > 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-linear-features-p-value-topographic-maps-from-2jbvoqd1.png Fig. 1: Linear features. p-value topographic maps from nonparametric Wilcoxon tests between resting state and CPT elicitation for standard EEG features (i.e. median, Maximum Absolute Deviation, and Area Under Curve) calculated on the time-varying power in the θ band: blue (red) areas indicate significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) with higher (lower) values during the resting state with respect to CPT session (green areas: no statistical differences between sessions, p > 0.05). https://scispace.com/papers/wavelets-versus-resels-in-the-context-of-fmri-establishing-29sbbzkaay 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematical-overview-of-the-wavelet-approach-2bwf5hbh.png Figure 2. Schematical overview of the wavelet approach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-equivalent-degree-for-the-wavelet-approach-32oy5gnz.png Figure 4. Equivalent degree for the wavelet approach, isotropic case. (a) 3D separable fractional-spline wavelets. (b) 2D+Z quincunx wavelets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-of-activation-in-the-auditory-cortex-left-1sv9bguv.png Figure 5. Example of activation in the auditory cortex. Left: SPM (FWHM=6mm). Right: the wavelet approach. Equivalent degrees: 3D separable J = 1, α = 1.885; J = 3, α = 1.198; 2D+Z quincunx J = 1, αq = 0.924 and αz = 1.885; J = 3, αq = 0.466 and αz = 1.198. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-of-activation-in-the-auditory-cortex-left-m2552qjv.png Figure 6. Example of activation in the auditory cortex. Left: SPM (FWHM=6mm). Middle: the wavelet approach (3D separable fractional-spline, J = 1). Right: the same wavelet approach, but reconstructing only coefficients from the lowpass subband. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spms-main-features-relevant-to-this-paper-49c6mwqg.png Figure 1. SPM’s main features relevant to this paper: processing raw data up to statistical inference. https://scispace.com/papers/wavelet-packet-modulation-for-wireless-communications-3a7ol0zpd5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-sensitivity-of-wpm-coifn-schemes-to-sampling-phase-1jh5exnt.png Fig. 10. Sensitivity of WPM(coifN ) schemes to sampling phase error as a function of the wavelet order, expressed as the link BER versus the normalized sampling phase error. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ber-versus-power-amplifier-backoff-marging-for-3o9fwdi1.png Fig. 8. BER versus power amplifier backoff marginγ for different WPM schemes and OFDM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-sensitivity-of-different-wpm-schemes-versus-ofdm-1fevyn8a.png Fig. 9. Sensitivity of different WPM schemes versus OFDM schemes to sampling phase error, expressed as the link BER versus the normalized sampling phase error. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-wavelet-packet-modulation-functional-block-diagram-1wjrgw5n.png Fig. 1. Wavelet packet modulation functional block diagram https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-wavelet-packet-elementary-block-decomposition-and-2rmgie27.png Fig. 2. Wavelet packet elementary block decomposition and reconstruction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-wpt-complexity-relative-to-that-of-the-dft-as-a-7sbb2lx6.png Fig. 14. WPT complexity relative to that of the DFT as a function of the transform sizeM = 2J , for different wavelet generating filter lengthsL0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-frequency-domain-localization-of-different-wavelets-2q0l8kk7.png Fig. 4. Frequency domain localization of different wavelets https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-performance-of-wpm-versus-ofdm-in-a-2-path-time-jnl7euaw.png Fig. 5. Performance of WPM versus OFDM in a 2-path time-invariant channel. BER is plotted as a function of the delay of arrival of the second path. The delayed path relative power of−3 dBc and the SNR is20 dB https://scispace.com/papers/wavenumber-based-impedance-eduction-with-a-shear-grazing-1hnup0c85u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-schematics-of-the-eduction-method-2w16wppu.png Figure 8: Schematics of the eduction method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ct57-educed-impedance-numerical-case-black-lines-z12ztvmf.png Figure 6: CT57 educed impedance, numerical case (black lines), and experimental results from Ref. [31] (symbols). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-experimental-axial-wavenumber-k-and-k-of-the-ge03-2gs03z4w.png Figure 10: Experimental axial wavenumber k+ and −k− of the GE03. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-experimental-axial-wavenumber-k-and-k-of-the-ct57-2ygwf8bg.png Figure 9: Experimental axial wavenumber k+ and −k− of the CT57. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-evolution-of-the-uncertainty-as-a-function-of-the-1i8tibqb.png Figure 13: Evolution of the uncertainty as a function of the impedance mismatch. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-flow-profiles-used-for-the-wavenumber-calculation-3ri9ig9g.png Figure 4: Flow profiles used for the wavenumber calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematics-of-the-gfit-not-to-scale-with-details-3ils8gju.png Figure 1: (a) Schematics of the GFIT (not to scale), with details of (b) the longitudinal case and (c) the transverse case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-educed-impedance-for-the-ge03-using-the-2d-3q0d8loq.png Figure 12: Educed impedance for the GE03 using the 2D eduction of Eq. 19 and the classical 0D eduction Eq. 2. https://scispace.com/papers/waves-of-endemic-foot-and-mouth-disease-in-eastern-africa-1x96p5am5f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-serum-virus-neutralisation-testing-results-in-ewks5j9v.png Figure 4: Serum virus neutralisation testing results in buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and cattle. Buffalo (left of each subplot) and cattle (right of each subplot) are grouped according to district group (n = total number of samples tested). As Simanjiro and Monduli cattle were sampled adjacent to Tarangire National Park, the same buffalo data were used for comparison in these two areas. Each block of colour represents the seroprevalence for that serotype (proportion positives out of positives plus negatives, excluding inconclusive results). Blue = serotype A, red = serotype O, yellow = serotype SAT1, violet = serotype SAT2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-foot-and-mouth-disease-virus-serotype-frequency-3cddz50f.png Figure 3: Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype frequency over time in eastern African cattle. a. Bayesian inference of historical infection from cross-sectional serology in northern Tanzania before virus isolation results were available. The serotype with the highest probability of most recently occurring in each district is plotted against serum sampling period (n=63 herds). b. Virus isolation, molecular serotyping results and antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results from Serengeti District (where outbreak investigation efforts were most intensive) between 2012 and 2015 (n=38 FMD outbreaks in 27 herds). c. Density plot (left hand axis) showing results by serotype from virus isolation, molecular serotyping and antigen ELISA for northern Tanzania during 2011-2015 combined with published results from southern Kenya from 2008-2013 (Supplementary Table 8), and a plot showing the same results against latitude (right hand axis). Blue=serotype A, red=serotype O, yellow=serotype SAT1, violet=serotype SAT2 (n=265 FMD outbreaks). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-area-a-map-of-the-study-area-in-northern-12v36uqn.png Figure 1: Study area. A map of the study area in northern Tanzania (right) annotated with locations of surveys (symbols), protected areas (green) including national parks (NPs), districts (Ds – Arusha and Arusha Urban are grouped together) and cattle density17 (red shading), located within a map of Africa (left) annotated with buffalo and cattle densities. The plot on the left shows cattle density18 and buffalo numbers15 in Africa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-household-level-impacts-of-foot-and-mouth-disease-a-36bhtocl.png Figure 2: Household-level impacts of foot-and-mouth disease. a. Kaplan Meyer curve showing estimation of the time between FMD outbreaks in longitudinally tracked herds. The y-axis shows the probability of not having an outbreak (“survival”). The x-axis shows days since the initial outbreak. The central continuous line represents the probability (+s indicate recorded outbreaks) and the shaded area represents 95% confidence intervals (n=34 herds that had FMD outbreaks and were tracked longitudinally). b. Perceived impact of seven common livestock diseases and syndromes in northern Tanzania measured by pairwise ranking in three livestock management systems ranked by overall importance (ECF = East Coast fever) (n=35 agropastoral, 41 pastoral and 23 rural smallholder households). c. Proportion of animals that households reported to show clinical signs of FMD in their livestock by species and age group. Bars represent 95% confidence intervals (n=4852 animals belonging to 45 households that had FMD outbreaks). d. Effect of FMD outbreaks on cow milk production. Density plots showing cow milk production in three management systems during and outwith FMD outbreaks as reported in household-level interviews. Grey fill = during an FMD outbreak. White fill = without FMD (n=34 agropastoral, 32 pastoral and 20 rural smallholder households). https://scispace.com/papers/waves-at-a-fluid-solid-interface-explicit-versus-implicit-4wnfqflyd3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-explicit-boundary-condition-simulation-of-the-3gfcugcr.png FIG. 4. Explicit boundary-condition: Simulation of the reflection response using an upwind flux, where the solid line and circles correspond to the analytical and numerical solutions, respectively. The figure shows the normalized particle-velocity components corresponding to water-plexiglass (a and b) and water-glass (c and d). Source and receiver are located in the fluid at 0.0158831 m above the interface, and are separated by 0.016 m. The source is an explosion, with a central frequency of 500 kHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-implicit-boundary-condition-simulation-of-interface-3sbu8yex.png FIG. 8. Implicit boundary-condition: Simulation of interface-waves using a penalized consistent central flux, where the solid line and dots correspond to the analytical and numerical solutions, respectively. The figure shows the normalized particle-velocity components corresponding to waterplexiglass (a and b) and water-glass (c and d). Source and receiver are both located in the solid at 38.4 µ m below the interface, with a separation 0.1 m. The source is an explosion (fxx = fzz), with a central frequency of 500 kHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-snapshots-of-the-simulated-interface-waves-for-a-water-1i7ilxqs.png FIG. 2. Snapshots of the simulated interface waves for a water-plexiglass interface, using explicit boundary-conditions, which shows the horizontal and vertical particle velocities at 0.22 µs (a, b) and 0.33 µs (c, d). The source is located in the solid at 38.4 µm below the interface, and it is an explosion (fxx = fzz), with a central frequency of 500 kHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-snapshots-of-the-simulated-interface-waves-for-a-water-kdwe5aiz.png FIG. 3. Snapshots of the simulated interface waves for a water-glass interface, using explicit boundary-conditions, which shows the horizontal and vertical particle velocities at 0.10 µs (a, b) and 0.16 µs (c, d). The source is located in the solid at 38.4 µm below the interface, and it is an explosion (fxx = fzz), with a central frequency of 500 kHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rankine-hugonite-jump-conditions-in-the-riemanns-189wqnvu.png FIG. 1. Rankine-Hugonite jump conditions in the Riemann’s problem https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-explicit-boundary-condition-simulation-of-interface-3c8mcrsk.png FIG. 5. Explicit boundary-condition: Simulation of interface-waves, where the solid line and dots correspond to the analytical and numerical solutions, respectively. The figure shows the normalized particle-velocity components corresponding to water-plexiglass (a and b) and water-glass (c and d). Source and receiver are both located in the solid at 38.4 µ m below the interface, with a separation 0.1 m. The source is an explosion (fxx = fzz), with a central frequency of 500 kHz. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-velocities-of-body-and-surface-waves-3dz7sr23.png TABLE II. Velocities of body and surface waves https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-material-properties-2eh1l47k.png TABLE I. Material properties https://scispace.com/papers/waves-of-chromatin-modifications-in-mouse-dendritic-cells-in-fcfehqhst0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dynamics-of-h3k9k14ac-and-h3k4me3-in-stat1-cells-a-for-sk9t7cf2.png Fig. 5 Dynamics of H3K9K14ac and H3K4me3 in Stat1−/− cells. a For all genomic regions bound by STAT1 at 2 h after LPS stimulation, mean H3K9K14ac signals in bins of 100 bps (y axis) are shown over time in WT and in Stat1−/− KO cells, in function of distance (x axis) to the STAT1 binding site in WT cells. b A Venn diagram showing the counts of promoters with significant increases in H3K9K14ac in WT, Stat1−/− KO, and both. c For promoters with increases in H3K9K14ac in WT and/or KO, the fraction bound by a selection of TFs is shown. d–f Same data for H3K4me3 in WT and Stat1−/− KO cells https://scispace.com/papers/wavy-cracks-in-drying-colloidal-films-2lksvr3g1m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-geometry-of-a-wavy-crack-a-crack-of-wavelength-l-31c2qj39.png Fig. 3 Geometry of a wavy crack. A crack of wavelength l advances in the positive x-direction of a film of thickness h, with pre-existing cracks at y¼#b. At each point there are unit vectors tangent t̂ and normal n̂ to the crack tip, rotated by an angle q from the x–y axes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-wavy-cracks-in-drying-colloidal-dispersions-a-during-1m7g1lcd.png Fig. 1 Wavy cracks in drying colloidal dispersions. (a) During directional drying, a film solidifies from its edges, inwards. A series of coparallel drying fronts form, and typically advance at speeds of order 1 mm s!1. Initially (1) the dispersion solidifies into a rigid particle raft, although the pore spaces between particles remain filled with fluid. Capillary forces build up in the rigid film, as it wicks liquid to replace that lost to evaporation. These pressures can drive (2) fracture, and (3) the draining of the interstitial pores. Wavy cracks were seen to advance behind the common fracture front. (b) When drying is complete, each wavy crack is bounded on either side by a straight crack. https://scispace.com/papers/we-are-different-do-anti-establishment-parties-promote-1wpj89zozv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gender-ratio-in-podemos-and-cs-elites-and-among-its-373whsuf.png Figure 3. Gender Ratio in Podemos and C’s elites and among its electorate. Legend: Pod = Podemos. PSOE = Spanish Workers’ Socialist Party. C’s = Citizens. PP = Popular Party. PCO = ‘Party in Central Office’. PPO = ‘Party in Public Office’ (at the national level). CCAA = Party in Public Office at the regional level. Parliament = Distribution in the Parliament. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-level-of-income-in-the-spanish-parties-electorate-1ro7ysi9.png Figure 2. Level of Income in the Spanish parties’ electorate. Source (CIS, 2016). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-podemos-and-psoe-university-background-legend-pod-3ojxownf.png Figure 6. Podemos and PSOE: university background. Legend: Pod = Podemos. PSOE = Spanish Workers’ Socialist Party. PCO = ‘Party in Central Office’. PPO = ‘Party in Public Office’ (at the national level). CCAA = Party in Public Office at the regional level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ciudadanos-and-pp-voters-and-elite-according-to-the-2jb9auti.png Figure 5. Ciudadanos and PP: voters and elite, according to the age. Legend: C’s = Citizens. PP = Popular Party. PCO = ‘Party in Central Office’. PPO = ‘Party in Public Office’ (at the national level). CCAA = Party in Public Office at the regional level. Vt = Voters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-parties-electorate-according-to-the-age-cohorts-23h0t2rc.png Figure 1. Parties’ electorate according to the age cohorts. Source: CIS (2016). Legend: Pod = Podemos. PSOE = Spanish Workers’ Socialist Party. C’s = Citizens. PP = Popular Party. https://scispace.com/papers/wd0837-185-the-formation-and-evolution-of-an-extreme-mass-2v4mltgqq9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-light-curve-from-2009-march-binned-by-a-factor-of-3a0rereo.png Figure 3. Light curve from 2009 March binned by a factor of seven folded on the orbital period of 4.2 hr. The peak to peak variation is at 0.74%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-photometry-and-models-of-wd0837-185-sdss-ugriz-v7v5s72c.png Figure 2. Photometry and models of WD0837+185: SDSS ugriz (triangles), UKIRT ZYJHK (boxes) and Spitzer [3.6], [4.5] (diamonds) magnitudes shown with a DA white dwarf model spectrum (Teff = 15,000 K, log g = 8.3). 3σ error bars are shown on the Spitzer data points. A DA+T5 composite spectrum is also shown as a dashed red line, and a DA+T8 spectrum as the dotted blue line. The T dwarf spectra are real data and are the objects 2MASSJ05591914−1404488 (Cushing et al. 2006) and 2MASSJ04151954−0935066 (Saumon et al. 2007), but the spectra are not continuous as they are M and L band spectra. There are gaps between 4.1 and 5.2μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-radial-velocity-phase-diagram-the-radial-velocity-rbv2x4yr.png Figure 1. Radial velocity phase diagram: the radial velocity data folded on the most likely period of 4.2 hr. v sin i = 11.31 ± 1.55 km s−1. https://scispace.com/papers/we-boil-at-different-degrees-factors-associated-with-3op2y07o5m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multiple-regression-of-the-severity-of-the-attack-in-3ork29ux.png Table 2. Multiple Regression of the Severity of the Attack in Direct Sexual Killers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-multiple-regression-of-the-severity-of-the-attack-in-3ngdzv7g.png Table 1. Multiple Regression of the Severity of the Attack in Indirect Sexual Killers. https://scispace.com/papers/we-re-in-this-all-together-community-impacts-of-long-52vs0mjem6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-study-site-2855cijq.png FIGURE 1: LOCATION OF STUDY SITE https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mackenzie-residents-who-commute-out-of-town-for-work-106aol4l.png TABLE 1: MACKENZIE RESIDENTS WHO COMMUTE OUT-OF-TOWN FOR WORK https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-shift-schedule-of-ldlc-workers-3a9ispbg.png TABLE 3: SHIFT SCHEDULE OF LDLC WORKERS https://scispace.com/papers/weak-instruments-and-weak-identification-in-estimating-the-urq4hlecgd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-robustness-checks-additional-covariates-2nq7tt32.png Table 2 Robustness checks, additional covariates https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bounding-procedure-results-for-baseline-model-across-2jmpr8wc.png Table 1 Bounding procedure: Results for baseline model across various estimators https://scispace.com/papers/weak-fel-gain-detection-with-a-modulated-laser-based-beam-2dn4u7x171 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-7-hz-modulated-laser-heated-rms-energy-spread-h3algq9r.png Figure 1: 7-Hz modulated laser-heated rms energy spread before bunch compression (dashed blue line) and FEL power signal (solid red line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gain-length-local-energy-spread-peak-current-and-1e4n0my0.png Figure 2: Gain length, local energy spread, peak current, and emittance over 10 seconds at 120-Hz, including squarewave heater modulation and beam jitter of Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-lcls-parameters-with-a-hypothetically-large-3pioqrnj.png Table 1: The LCLS parameters with a hypothetically large transverse emittance. https://scispace.com/papers/weak-lensing-light-cones-in-modified-gravity-simulations-5efthxipfr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cluster-haloes-more-massive-than-1014-m-h-redshift-yookn43d.png Figure 7. Cluster – haloes more massive than 1014 M⊙/h – redshift distribution for the various cosmological models. The various curves display the median counts in the different light-cone realizations while the shaded grey area bracketing the #CDM measurements defines the first and the third quartiles of the distribution. The red and the pink area mark the Poisson uncertainties of the counts within 25 and 15 000 deg2. The three subpanels display the relative difference of the counts in the different MG models, with or without the massive neutrino components, with respect to the#CDM ones. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-halo-mass-function-per-unit-square-degree-within-9lwf0rhc.png Figure 5. Halo mass function per unit square degree within the past lightcone up to z = 0.5, in the various cosmological models. The curves display the median counts in the 256 different light-cone realizations, the grey shaded area surrounding the #CDM measurements define the first and the third quartiles of the distribution. The red and pink regions mark the Poisson uncertainties of the halo counts within 25 and 15 000 deg2 (angular size of the Euclid wide survey, Laureijs et al. 2011). The dot-dashed magenta curve shows the prediction for the#CDM model computed using the Despali et al. (2016) mass function. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-dimensionless-matter-power-spectra-at-four-1m1s3xel.png Figure 3. The dimensionless matter power spectra at four different redshifts, z = 0, 2, 6, 20 from top to bottom. Different colours display the results for the various MG models: fR6 (green), fR5 (red), and fR4 (blue). Black curves display the prediction for the #CDM simulation while the orange dashed and dark-grey dot-dashed ones show the linear and non-linear matter power spectrum at the corresponding redshifts from CAMB (Lewis et al. 2000). For the non-linear matter power spectrum we have considered the implementation by Takahashi et al. (2012). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-convergence-power-spectra-at-four-different-3qvn84rx.png Figure 8. Convergence power spectra at four different redshifts: zs = 4, 2, 1 0.5 from top to bottom, respectively. The black curves display the average measurements from 256 light-cone random realizations for the #CDM model. Green, red, and blue curves show the measurements for the fR6, fR5, and fR4 models, respectively; orange dashed curves refer to the prediction using linear matter power spectrum for the#CDM cosmology using CAMB. The black vertical line marks the angular mode corresponding to half field of view lhalf = 144. The pink and cyan shaded area illustrate the observational uncertainties – up to l = 3000 – associated to the power spectra for a survey of 15 000 and 154 deg2 considering a number density of galaxies of 8 and 33 arcmin−2, with corresponding average source redshift of zs = 1 and zs = 0.5, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/weak-martingale-solutions-for-the-stochastic-nonlinear-5g875dv024 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plot-of-the-functions-pn-and-sn-1prs2f4k.png Figure 1. Plot of the functions pn and sn https://scispace.com/papers/weak-measurement-of-a-superconducting-qubit-reconciles-5af30yv6yn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-characterization-of-entropic-uncertainties-a-we-22qifmib.png FIG. 2. Characterization of entropic uncertainties: (a) We subject a state ρ to one of three measurements. The measurements’ entropies are defined as the detectors’ von Neumann entropies. (b) Entropies measured for the state ρ ¼ j0ih0j. Bands indicate statistical error from finite sampling (approximately 10 000 repetitions per angle). HðIÞρ and HðFÞρ characterize projective measurements. HðAFÞρ −HðAÞρ quantifies the change, caused by the weak measurement, in the second measurement’s entropy, when θA ¼ π=4. HðIÞρ þHðFÞρ maximizes when θF ¼ π=2, such that F ¼ X, while I ¼ Z. The second measurement’s entropy change, HðAFÞρ −HðAÞρ, maximizes at θF ¼ 0.53π. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-our-experimental-setup-involves-a-superconducting-1l7mehjw.png FIG. 1. Our experimental setup involves a superconducting transmon qubit coupled dispersively to a microwave cavity. The cavity’s state is sketched in phase space, defined by quadratures I and Q. Coherent states probe the cavity, acquiring a phase shift (red and blue circles) dependent on the qubit’s state. The transmitted-probe quadrature that contains qubit-state information is demodulated and digitized into discrete measurement outcomes j. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-measurements-of-the-entropic-uncertainty-relation-a-1mnwsscn.png FIG. 3. Measurements of the entropic uncertainty relation: (a) The entropy HðAFÞρ. (b) Detail of HðAFÞρ versus θA (markers), compared to theory (dashed line), at θF ¼ π=2. Bands indicate statistical error that results from finite sampling (approximately 140 000 repetitions per angle). (c) Bloch-plane sketch indicating the Ameasurement’s backaction (dashed arrow) on the initial state. (d) The bound of Eq. (7). The dashed line indicates the bound’s theoretical maximum. https://scispace.com/papers/weak-decays-of-heavy-hadrons-into-dynamically-generated-4ui8pm2alu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-branching-fraction-of-the-process-b0s-d-s0-2317-nll-3r15lkuh.png Table 6. Branching fraction of the process B̄0s → D∗s0(2317)+ ν̄ll− in percentage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-diagrammatic-representation-of-the-final-state-2qyndxwu.png Fig. 14. Diagrammatic representation of the final state interaction of the two mesons produced in a primary step. (a) Direct meson–meson production and (b) meson–meson production through rescattering. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-26-hadronization-of-the-cc-pair-into-two-vector-mesons-4gl0tjet.png Fig. 26. Hadronization of the cc̄ pair into two vector mesons for (a) B̄0s decay and (b) B̄ 0 decay. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-states-found-in-a-previous-work-ref-212-the-channel-3vnqpq2c.png Table 3. States found in a previous work (Ref. 212), the channel to which they couple most strongly, and the experimental states to which they are associated (see Refs. 95 and 172) YP is a predicted resonance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-p-p-solid-line-and-p0e-dashed-line-invariant-mass-83re4keb.png Fig. 11. The π+π− (solid line) and π0η (dashed line) invariant mass distributions for the D0 → K̄0π+π− decay and D0 → K̄0π0η decay, respectively. A smooth background is plotted below the a0(980) and f0(980) peaks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-62-results-for-the-k-p-and-j-psp-invariant-mass-3nizxqfk.png Fig. 62. Results for the K−p and J/ψp invariant mass distributions compared to the data (Ref. 288). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagrams-for-the-decay-of-b0-and-b0s-into-j-ps-and-a-236jvbnm.png Fig. 1. Diagrams for the decay of B̄0 and B̄0s into J/ψ and a primary qq̄ pair, dd̄ for B̄ 0 and ss̄ for B̄0s . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-58-the-diagram-for-the-meson-baryon-final-state-11e7krw2.png Fig. 58. The diagram for the meson–baryon final state interaction (filled circle) as the sum of the tree part (dot) and the rescattering part with the meson–baryon scattering amplitude (unfilled circle). https://scispace.com/papers/weak-solutions-to-friedrichs-systems-with-convex-constraints-4ilm580w91 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-initial-condition-y62rbgnm.png Figure 1: Initial condition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-solutions-at-time-t-0-75-1cf9phah.png Figure 5: Solutions at time t = 0.75. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-parametric-representation-of-the-function-t-7-g-t-1-89ediq5r.png Figure 6: Parametric representation of the function t 7→ (γ(t, 1/2), σ(t, 1/2)) for 0 ≤ t ≤ 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-phase-diagram-u-v-at-times-t-0-2-top-and-t-0-4-2lv8h7u1.png Figure 4: Phase diagram u, v at times t = 0.2 (top) and t = 0.4 (bottom). The phase diagram of the unconstrained solution is composed of 3 points (the solution is piecewise constant). The phase diagram of the constrained solution is inside the domain K which is a square. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-numerical-solution-v-at-times-t-0-2-top-and-t-0-4-39lsup4y.png Figure 3: Numerical solution v at times t = 0.2 (top) and t = 0.4 (bottom). On both pictures we compare the constrained solution (bold line in red) and the unconstrained solution (thin line in green). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-numerical-solution-u-at-times-t-0-2-top-and-t-0-4-nwowde59.png Figure 2: Numerical solution u at times t = 0.2 (top) and t = 0.4 (bottom). On both pictures we compare the constrained solution (bold line in red) and the unconstrained solution (thin line in green). https://scispace.com/papers/weak-representation-of-awake-sleep-states-by-local-field-2ci4m3j8nu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ee-restores-sleep-related-neuronal-activity-in-aged-3c4mpaxy.png Figure 4 EE restores sleep-related neuronal activity in aged mice. (A) A photograph of the EE. (B) (Left) Schematic diagram of an object location test. (Right) Location index in the object location test (n = 6, 9, and 9 mice). Each dot represents an individual mouse. *P < 0.05, Student's t-test versus 0.5 (dotted line). (C) The percentage of sleep periods to total recording periods (n = 7, 8, and 6 mice). The plots in the 10-week and 2-year non-EE groups are similar to those shown in Figure 1E, presented for comparison. *P < 0.05, Tukey's test. (D) Same as Figure 3E but for a representative 2-year EE mouse. (E) Comparisons of F1 scores across the three mouse groups (n = 7, 8, and 5 mice). Each dot represents an individual mouse. The closed and open circles represent significant and nonsignificant data, respectively. The plots in the 10-week and 2-year non-EE groups are similar to those shown in Figure 3F, presented for comparison. *P < 0.05, Tukey's test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-interregional-correlations-of-lfp-power-changes-2qljfhjs.png Figure 2 Interregional correlations of LFP power changes across awake/sleep states in young and aged mice. (A) LFP signals were converted into normalized delta power (superimposed as gray lines) every 1 s. (B) Representative color-coded maps showing correlation coefficients of delta power changes for 15 pairs of the six brain regions. Data are from a representative mouse at each age. (C) Comparisons of averaged correlational power changes in six frequency bands between awake and sleep states. Each line represents each brain region pair. *P < 0.05, paired t-test. (D) A color-coded map showing differences in the power correlations (Δcorr) between awake and sleep states, constructed from B. (E) Color-coded maps showing Δcorr in awake https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lfp-correlational-patterns-less-represented-awake-3gyrpiw8.png Figure 3 LFP correlational patterns less represented awake and sleep states in aged mice. (A) Schematic of analysis. Each 10-s bin was categorized as an awake (orange) or a sleep (purple) bin based on EMG signals, and correlations of power changes in a frequency band across the 15 region pairs were concatenated in a column. (B) (Top) Visualization of single-mouse data by UMAP plots. Orange and purple dots represent awake and sleep 10-s bins, respectively. F1 scores to quantify the separation of awake/sleep states from LFP patterns are shown above. (Bottom) The F1 score shown in the top panel (real, red arrow) was compared with a distribution of F1 scores computed from 1000 shuffled datasets in which awake/sleep states of all the plots were randomly shuffled (gray distribution). (C) F1 scores computed in individual frequency bands (left six bands) and all six bands combined (rightmost). Each dot represents an individual mouse. The closed and open circles represent significant and nonsignificant data, respectively. (D,E) Same as A and B, but correlations in the six frequency bands were used for the UMAP analysis. (F) Comparison of F1 scores in all six frequency bands between young and aged mice. Data are similar to those shown in C. *P < 0.05, Student's t-test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-multisite-lfp-recordings-and-definition-of-sleep-1azatmkc.png Figure 1 Multisite LFP recordings and definition of sleep states in aged mice. (A) https://scispace.com/papers/weak-signals-as-predictors-of-real-world-phenomena-in-social-2yjvvhpxx3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-key-word-clouds-2binr13i.png Fig. 4: Key word clouds https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-key-semantic-clouds-3kenj39e.png Fig. 5: Key semantic clouds https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proposed-predictive-model-385yv4hi.png Fig. 1: Proposed predictive model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-key-word-and-semantic-clouds-1rvwr060.png Fig. 6: Key word and semantic clouds https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-locations-mentioned-in-tweets-and-which-actually-28n5i7ks.png Fig. 7: Locations mentioned in tweets and which actually affected by riots https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-frequency-analysis-3nk9yqcp.png Fig. 2: Frequency analysis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sentiment-analysis-3h04as5f.png Fig. 3: Sentiment analysis https://scispace.com/papers/weakly-acyclic-internet-routing-games-3jom9kya1z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-commercial-backup-routing-2nwgft86.png Fig. 1. Commercial Backup Routing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-commercial-backup-routing-game-that-is-not-a-cj7zuxd9.png Fig. 3. A commercial backup routing game that is not a potential game https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-shortest-path-routing-game-with-a-single-byzantine-4rca2mlm.png Fig. 2. A shortest-path routing game with a single Byzantine player that is not a potential game https://scispace.com/papers/weakly-recurrent-pomerons-1ajz14wsfn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-large-nasa-diffract-ve-dissociation-of-a-proton-in-2t4skgo4.png Fig. 1. Large-nasa diffract!ve dissociation of a proton in collision with another proton. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-pomeron-proton-total-cross-section-for-a-pomeron-3imic3l6.png Fig. 2. The pomeron-proton total cross section for a pomeron https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-diagram-depicting-the-pionexchange-pole-in-the-34qg240z.png Fig. 11. Diagram depicting the pionexchange pole in the amplitude https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-general-form-of-the-up-elastic-cross-section-99ycg2r5.png Fig. 12. The general form of the up elastic cross section. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-the-expansion-into-low-and-high-mass-fireballs-terms-29gt6s9j.png Fig. 16. The expansion into low and high-mass fireballs. Terms 3 through 7 were separately discussed in https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-rapidity-configuration-corresponding-to-double-17lmgy3k.png Fig. 9. The rapidity configuration corresponding to double diffraccive dissociation into https://scispace.com/figures/fig-ik-the-fireball-expansion-for-the-imaginary-part-of-the-1ar8cp46.png Fig. Ik. The fireball expansion for the imaginary part of the forward elastic amplitude. https://scispace.com/papers/weakly-and-fully-coupled-methods-for-structural-optimization-4597spplxm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-formulation-28-numerical-results-for-4-initial-2evy2khg.png Table 6 Formulation (28) - Numerical results for 4 initial points (in kg and mm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-design-domain-of-the-deviation-constraint-at-time-3mmavnbs.png Fig. 12 Design domain of the deviation constraint at time step 200 (0.0995 s) plotted with respect to design variables p2 and p4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-influence-of-the-initial-point-on-the-optimal-design-csjg5cwo.png Table 7 Influence of the initial point on the optimal design (in kg and mm). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-numerical-results-in-kg-and-mm-4-bar-mechanism-1p0gdaiv.png Table 4 Numerical results (in kg and mm) - 4-bar mechanism without lumped masses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-4-bar-mechanism-without-lumped-masses-objective-b4ueovc4.png Fig. 9 4-bar mechanism without lumped masses: objective function history and deviation constraint for the optimal design. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-infeasible-initial-point-p0-45-45-45-45-objective-1yvtqgrg.png Fig. 14 Infeasible initial point p0 = [45, 45, 45, 45]: objective function history and deviation constraint for the optimal design. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-design-domain-of-the-deviation-constraint-at-time-1vdo1aud.png Fig. 15 Design domain of the deviation constraint at time step 1338 (0.6685 s) plotted with respect to design variables p2 and p4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-numerical-results-in-kg-and-mm-2-dof-robot-2muz4r1w.png Table 5 Numerical results (in kg and mm) - 2-dof robot - formulation (37). https://scispace.com/papers/wealth-dynamics-in-a-bond-economy-with-heterogeneous-beliefs-47jxpgkjt8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-decision-rules-and-equilibrium-price-functions-h5abdw6u.png Figure 15: Decision rules and equilibrium price functions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-average-bond-price-9gy0rgnd.png Figure 6: Average bond price, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-selected-sample-paths-when-markets-are-incomplete-2ke6807s.png Figure 7: Selected sample paths when markets are incomplete https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-prices-of-arrow-securities-qfmw22rz.png Figure 1: Average prices of Arrow securities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-consumption-and-wealth-dynamics-of-type-1-agent-in-3ol10ip6.png Figure 11: Consumption and wealth dynamics of Type-1 agent in the bond economy under different learning strategies. Financial wealth is measured in multiples of the aggregate endowment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-consumption-and-wealth-dynamics-of-type-1-agent-in-30e81ryh.png Figure 10: Consumption and wealth dynamics of Type-1 agent in the complete markets economy with different debt limits. Financial wealth is measured in multiples of the aggregate endowment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-consumption-and-wealth-dynamics-of-type-1-agent-in-2vixucgg.png Figure 9: Consumption and wealth dynamics of Type-1 agent in the bond economy with different debt limits. Financial wealth is measured in multiples of the aggregate endowment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-decision-rules-and-equilibrium-price-functions-2ymnl0q2.png Figure 4: Decision rules and equilibrium price functions. Financial wealth is measured in multiples of the aggregate endowment. https://scispace.com/papers/wearable-cardioverter-defibrillator-after-myocardial-1mt8y8p5lt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-participants-6ew0se1g.png Table 1. Characteristics of the Participants.* https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-treatment-received-during-the-trial-period-h9laox94.png Table 2. Treatment Received during the Trial Period.* https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-wearable-cardioverter-defibrillator-therapies-and-h9voeqtp.png Table 4. Wearable Cardioverter–Defibrillator Therapies and Alarms.* https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-primary-secondary-and-other-outcomes-16us0g4k.png Table 3. Primary, Secondary, and Other Outcomes.* https://scispace.com/papers/wear-resistant-nanostructured-sol-gel-coatings-for-5f3mqkazn6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-psd-functions-and-kb-values-for-sample-5-before-and-wmm522l7.png Figure 9: PSD functions and κB values for sample #5 before and after applied wear. Light scattering (λ = 640 nm)- and wetting-relevant spatial frequency ranges are highlighted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-water-drop-on-sample-5-after-applying-a-2j5rdix2.png Figure 10: Water drop on sample #5 after applying a hydrophobic top layer (a) before applied wear, (b) after 100 cycles of wear, (c) after 150 cycles of wear. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-psd-functions-and-kb-values-for-1zh584hh.png Figure 3: Comparison of PSD functions and κB values for sample #1 to sample #5 and bare glass substrate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-afm-surface-topographies-field-of-view-1x1-um2-and-rtbehtsc.png Figure 2: AFM surface topographies (field of view: 1x1 µm²) and rms-roughness values of samples #1 to #5 and bare glass substrate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ca-as-a-function-of-the-wetting-time-for-2secyg3i.png Figure 4: CA as a function of the wetting time for hydrophilic coatings #1 to #5 (left); ACA, RCA and roll-off angle for coatings #1 to #5 after applying an additional thin hydrophobic top layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-water-drop-ca-5deg-at-t-2-5-s-on-the-21hl844h.png Figure 5: (a) Water drop (CA = 5° at t = 2.5 s) on the superhydrophilic sample #5, (b) water drop (ACA = 155°) on the superhydrophobic sample #5, (c) bounce-off test (αbo = 20°) on the hydrophobic sample #4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-afm-topography-images-field-of-view-1x1-um2-for-the-3dpq205g.png Figure 6: AFM topography images (field of view: 1x1 µm²) for the unprotected alumina nanostructure (same roughness characteristics as sample #5): (a) before wear, (b) after 2 cycles of wear, (c) after 32 cycles of wear. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-psd-functions-kb-values-and-afm-topography-images-1hoqxtlw.png Figure 7: PSD functions, κB values and AFM topography images (field of view: 10x10 µm²) for the unprotected alumina nanostructure (same roughness characteristics as sample #5) before and after applied wear. https://scispace.com/papers/wearing-a-crotch-strap-on-a-correctly-fitted-lifejacket-166idtix01 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-14sebart.png Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-z8o5cbae.png Table 3. https://scispace.com/papers/wearable-long-term-social-sensing-for-mental-wellbeing-41cg7inqlr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-four-different-features-of-time-and-frequency-2nqxik4u.png Figure 5. Four different features of time and frequency domain about accelerometer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-experimental-subject-and-wearable-device-28x56scp.png Figure 7. Experimental subject and wearable device https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-experimental-subject-and-wearable-device-2u09k03d.png Figure 6. Experimental subject and wearable device https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-tendency-curves-of-social-features-during-a-month-1jw3zpqr.png Figure 11. Tendency curves of social features during a month https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-density-curves-of-social-features-during-a-day-11nnj81e.png Figure 10. The density curves of social features during a day https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-block-diagram-of-wearable-device-1htt8brr.png Figure 1. System block diagram of wearable device https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-correlation-results-between-activity-features-and-2gx5qdq0.png Table IV Correlation results between activity features and the scores of 12 different psychological questionnaires https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-correlation-results-between-audio-features-and-the-3sdilnt7.png Table III Correlation results between audio features and the scores of 12 different psychological questionnaires https://scispace.com/papers/web-application-models-are-more-than-conceptual-models-2etcna34d3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conceptual-schema-of-the-academic-department-site-3qgbx18e.png Fig. 1. Conceptual Schema of the Academic Department Site. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-navigational-contexts-in-an-academic-web-site-2to8p0ay.png Fig. 2. Navigational Contexts in an Academic Web site. https://scispace.com/papers/weaving-an-assurance-case-from-design-a-model-based-approach-2qcpf2qys8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-software-architecture-of-crypto-controller-system-3qppt8pq.png Figure 5. Software Architecture of Crypto Controller System https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-assurance-argument-pattern-model-in-gsnml-partial-1ntdu6zy.png Figure 6. Assurance Argument Pattern Model in GSNML (Partial) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-extract-of-the-aadl-specification-for-the-crypto-1pt6023b.png Figure 8 Extract of the AADL specification for the crypto controller system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-assurance-argument-pattern-1trmzq1r.png Figure 7. Assurance Argument Pattern https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-representation-of-the-example-weaving-model-v31579n1.png Figure 9. Representation of the Example Weaving Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-model-based-assurance-case-approach-3d74sypg.png Figure 1. Overview of the Model-Based Assurance Case Approach https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-gsn-argument-element-requiring-instantiation-230ik6z6.png Figure 2. A GSN Argument Element Requiring Instantiation https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-reference-models-for-different-roles-39pksckh.png TABLE I. REFERENCE MODELS FOR DIFFERENT ROLES https://scispace.com/papers/web-based-heterogeneous-wsn-integration-using-pervasive-2twvc8fnvb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-protocol-stack-3hq72gml.png Figure 4. Protocol stack https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-smartphone-system-eac1xdi7.png Figure 3. Smartphone system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-web-services-dispatch-2ssh6uc8.png Figure 2. Web services dispatch https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-data-storage-web-service-round-trip-time-depending-1xo37zdm.png Figure 8. Data storage web service round trip time depending on the number of sensor samples per message https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-total-web-service-call-rtt-depending-on-the-ozax93mh.png Figure 9. The total web service call RTT depending on the buffering delay https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-soa-architecture-1o50raiy.png Figure 1. SOA architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-setting-new-sensor-configurations-2qwmp3j7.png Figure 5. Setting new sensor configurations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-reporting-sensor-measurements-33kcrqhi.png Figure 6. Reporting sensor measurements https://scispace.com/papers/web-based-support-systems-2iowyehi5y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-search-results-with-google-3h0ppy5b.png Table 1. Search results with Google https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wss-a-multidisciplinary-research-14b5q8qy.png Figure 1. WSS: A multidisciplinary research https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-architecture-of-web-based-support-systems-3h5vvgd1.png Figure 2. An Architecture of Web-based Support Systems https://scispace.com/papers/web-intelligence-and-intelligent-agent-technology-wi-iat-36er51r6n1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-architecture-overview-2bp9ag3w.png Figure 2. Architecture overview https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-between-peer-interactions-with-non-36dbyktv.png Figure 5. Comparison between peer interactions with non-blocking I/O and blocking I/O https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-basic-travel-planning-im-in-xlcc-6mbke4mh.png Figure 3. Basic Travel Planning IM in XLCC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-constraint-solving-related-triples-3um6jzjl.png Figure 4. Constraint-solving-related triples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-xlcc-syntax-eo9hw94d.png Figure 1. XLCC syntax https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-interpreting-sequence-operators-in-xlcc-237z7rn8.png Table I INTERPRETING SEQUENCE OPERATORS IN XLCC https://scispace.com/papers/web-surveying-academics-in-six-european-countries-36s1ff52hv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-number-of-winners-31w8wvsu.png Table 7. Number of winners. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-14oh58ih.png Table 1. (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-number-of-sessions-to-complete-the-questionnaire-17jqo49f.png Table 6. Number of sessions to complete the questionnaire. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-questionnaire-design-1u5qnpqh.png Figure 1. Questionnaire design. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-countries-and-faculties-included-in-the-sample-2egp1430.png Table 1. (continued) https://scispace.com/papers/web-image-indexing-using-wice-and-a-learning-free-language-178ybdus7w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-evaluation-results-for-keyword-identification-205oupjc.png Table 3. Evaluation results for keyword identification https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-architecture-of-the-proposed-method-through-an-2awkf8su.png Fig. 1. The architecture of the proposed method through an example https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-evaluation-results-for-context-extraction-gs-denotes-27tuqto3.png Table 2. Evaluation results for context extraction. GS denotes gold standard https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-the-performance-of-language-model-p-w-is-np1tco5h.png Table 1. Examples of the performance of language model. P (w) is the actual probability of word w https://scispace.com/papers/weighing-the-evidence-for-the-abundant-center-hypothesis-2bvz7ta6d7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-review-of-existing-support-for-the-abundant-center-3a4c4id0.png Table 1: A review of existing support for the abundant-center hypothesis suggests that approximately 20% of species demonstrate a relationship between species density and distance to a species geographic range or climatic niche center. https://scispace.com/papers/wedge-shaped-subretinal-hyporeflectivity-in-geographic-1wxxurnpvt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spectral-domain-optical-coherence-tomography-b-scan-39vpd08z.png Fig. 2. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (B-scan and “en face” images) and FAF of wedge-shaped subretinal hyporeflective lesions. On SDOCT B-scan, the wedge-shaped subretinal hyporeflective lesions appear delimited internally by the hyperreflective OPL and externally by the hyperreflective BM (arrowheads). On “en face” image, they appeared as roundoval hyporeflectivities delimited by hyperreflective borders (the OPL) (open arrowheads). The lesions show slight autofluorescence within an area of hypo-FAF due to geographic atrophy (asterisks). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spectral-domain-optical-coherence-tomography-of-wedge-26739558.png Fig. 4. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography of wedge-shaped subretinal hyporeflective lesions. On SD-OCT B-scans (two sequential scans, in the inferior macula), the wedgeshaped subretinal hyporeflective lesions appear delimited internally by the hyperreflective OPL and externally by the hyperreflective BM (arrowheads). Note, when the wedge-shaped subretinal hyporeflective lesion is adjacent to an ORT (asterisk), both appear delimited externally by the hyperreflective BM, and no hyperreflective OPL is detected internal to the ORT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-wedge-shaped-subretinal-hyporeflective-lesions-38kbv32z.png Table 2. Wedge-Shaped Subretinal Hyporeflective Lesions Characteristics, and Their Changes During the Study Period in 7 Eyes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-repeated-sd-oct-of-wedge-shaped-subretinal-2jwrck6n.png Fig. 5. Repeated SD-OCT of wedge-shaped subretinal hyporeflective lesions. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography examinations matching the geographic atrophy area characterized by the presence of wedge-shaped subretinal hyporeflectivities show no changes in the lesions area over 6 months. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-enlarged-sd-oct-view-of-a-wedge-shaped-subretinal-324blw31.png Fig. 1. Enlarged SD-OCT view of a wedge-shaped subretinal hyporeflective lesion showing how the greatest linear dimensions for both the horizontal and vertical planes and the lesion area were measured manually using the Heidelberg Eye Explorer software (version 1.7.0.0; Heidelberg Engineering). The innermost band reflects the ELM; the second band corresponds to the photoreceptors’ inner segment ellipsoid portion/outer segment (OS) interface, also known as the “ellipsoid zone” (EZ); the third band represents the RPE/OS junction, also known as “interdigitation zone” (IZ); the most external band corresponds to the RPE/BM complex. The hyporeflective layer and hyperreflective layer internal to the ELM correspond the ONL and the OPL, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-and-clinical-features-of-patients-with-lw1mke9p.png Table 1. Demographics and Clinical Features of Patients With GA, With and Without Wedge-Shaped Subretinal Hyporeflectivity https://scispace.com/papers/weight-based-codes-and-their-application-to-concurrent-error-3xp22f2use 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-structure-of-on-line-error-detection-based-3te9kqwj.png Figure 1. General structure of On-Line Error Detection Based on Systematic Codes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-single-output-tsc-checker-kavousianos-98-393qcrfm.png Figure 2. Single Output TSC Checker [Kavousianos 98] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reduction-of-the-problem-of-summing-weights-to-3npi5ejn.png Figure 3. Reduction of the Problem of Summing Weights to Counting Number of Ones https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-benchmark-circuits-2vpipfwu.png Table 1. Benchmark Circuits https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fault-detection-with-a-set-of-two-weights-ub7vwx9n.png Table 2. Fault Detection with a Set of Two Weights https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fault-detection-with-a-set-of-four-weights-3nf891zd.png Table 4. Fault Detection with a Set of Four Weights https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fault-detection-with-a-set-of-three-weights-3eiezg1l.png Table 3. Fault Detection with a Set of Three Weights https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-fault-detection-capability-of-error-35orqtqg.png Table 5. Comparison of Fault Detection Capability of Error Detecting Codes https://scispace.com/papers/weight-references-for-burned-human-skeletal-remains-from-o2df2dc3mt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-and-inferential-statistics-for-the-mhe8igac.png Table 3: Descriptive and inferential statistics for the weights (gm) of the female and male samples according to the pre- cremation condition and to age cohort (< 2 mm fraction not included). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-for-the-skeletal-weights-gm-z3j17xby.png Table 4: Descriptive statistics for the skeletal weights (gm) of cadavers according to sex and age cohorts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-current-weight-references-for-burned-human-skeletal-3ahvnqck.png Table 1: Current weight references for burned human skeletal remains. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-descriptive-statistics-for-the-skeletal-weights-gm-2g0twfhp.png Table 6: Descriptive statistics for the skeletal weights (gm) of the sample of skeletons according to sex https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-one-way-anova-results-for-the-skeletal-weight-gm-of-1nqobvbx.png Table 5: One-way ANOVA results for the skeletal weight (gm) of cadavers according to the duration of combustion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-composition-of-the-samples-of-cadavers-and-skeletons-2t2y7pys.png Table 2: Composition of the samples of cadavers and skeletons. https://scispace.com/papers/weight-loss-exercise-or-both-and-physical-function-in-obese-1c6zs0js89 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-percentage-changes-in-body-weight-during-the-1-3ph358xt.png Figure 3. Mean Percentage Changes in Body Weight during the 1-Year Intervention. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-participants-1ga83nwi.png Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Participants.* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-screening-randomization-and-follow-up-3f7xoj3r.png Figure 1. Screening, Randomization, and Follow-up. https://scispace.com/papers/weighting-non-covalent-forces-in-the-molecular-recognition-5cxebkcmuz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-binding-motifs-binding-constants-32roi23b.png Table 1 Comparison of the binding motifs, binding constants (values are the average of at least two 1H NMR titrations, 300 MHz, 298 K, CDCl3–CS2 1 : 1) and calculated BH&H/6-31þG** binding energies (including BSSE correction) of receptors 1–4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structures-of-a-1-c60-b-2-c60-and-c-3-c60-complexes-2ba6lvvf.png Fig. 1 Structures of (a) 1 C60, (b) 2 C60 and (c) 3 C60 complexes calculated at the BH&H/6-31G** level. The distances shown are given in Å, and represent the distance between a centroid on each of the aromatic rings and the closest fullerene atom. The Ca–Cb–Cc–Cd dihedral angle is taken as a measure of the curvature of the anthracene units. https://scispace.com/papers/welcome-to-bogan-ville-reframing-class-and-place-through-2l7mao6048 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-selected-online-postings-to-the-facebook-group-im-a-1a6benw8.png Figure 1. Selected online postings to the Facebook group, “I’m a proud Albion Park bogan” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-welcome-to-bogan-ville56-1dlsvt0y.png Figure 2. ‘Welcome to Bogan-ville’56 https://scispace.com/papers/welfare-costs-of-reclassification-risk-in-the-health-42d6jloef6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parameters-used-to-match-some-targets-28v2tcd6.png Table 5: Parameters used to match some targets https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-percentage-of-non-elderly-adults-with-different-85dx872r.png Table 6: Percentage of non-elderly adults with different insurance status (2003/2004) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-insurance-statistics-before-and-after-introduction-ok5vnhn0.png Table 7: Insurance statistics before and after introduction of GR contracts (steady-state) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-premiums-for-new-contracts-2j1i2cco.png Figure 4: Premiums for new contracts https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-consumption-equivalent-variation-after-introducing-xpgupt76.png Table 10: Consumption equivalent variation after introducing GR contractsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-fraction-of-people-buying-gr-contracts-by-income-15w29pyk.png Figure 8: Fraction of people buying GR contracts by income and asset quintile https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fraction-of-medical-expenses-covered-by-insurance-2bkm7r7f.png Table 3: Fraction of medical expenses covered by insurance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-consumption-equivalence-by-income-and-asset-upcvj357.png Figure 11: Consumption Equivalence by income and asset quintile (effect of ESHI/MCD) https://scispace.com/papers/welcome-to-world-2-0-the-new-digital-ecosystem-mh70uy5erg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-five-elements-of-world-2-0-1z6y0hcc.png FIGURE 1: FIVE ELEMENTS OF WORLD 2.0 https://scispace.com/papers/well-founded-semantics-for-description-logic-programs-in-the-1ha199swum 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-complexity-of-literal-entailment-from-dl-programskb-920icws4.png Table 1: Complexity of literal entailment from dl-programsKB =(L,P ) under the well-founded semantics. https://scispace.com/papers/well-defined-poly-4-vinylbenzocyclobutene-synthesis-by-hiiicph6e9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-polymerization-reactor-used-for-the-kinetics-and-uv-iu97s11a.png Figure 1. Polymerization reactor used for the kinetics and UV-vis measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1h-nmr-spectra-of-4-vinylbenzocyclobutene-i-and-33nghpzz.png Figure 2. 1H NMR spectra of 4-vinylbenzocyclobutene (i) and poly(4-vinylbenzocyclobutene) (ii) obtained using anionic polymerization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-thermogravimetric-analysis-of-poly-4-2i2vty9g.png Figure 8. Thermogravimetric analysis of poly(4-vinylbenzocyclobutene) in air at a heating rate of 10°C/min, reflecting weight gain, decomposition, and cross-linking reactions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-size-exclusion-chromatography-eluograms-of-diblock-2j71jinz.png Figure 6. Size exclusion chromatography eluograms of diblock copolymerization of 4-vinylbenzocyclobutene with 1,3-butadiene in benzene at 25°C: (i) homopolymer, poly(4-vinylbenzocyclobutene), and (ii) after butadiene addition, poly(4-vinylbenzocyclobutene-bbutadiene). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-size-exclusion-chromatography-eluograms-of-diblock-2t3w2jfi.png Figure 7. Size exclusion chromatography eluograms of diblock copolymerization of 4-vinylbenzocyclobutene with 1,3-butadiene in benzene in the presence of a small amount of tetrahydrofuran at 25 °C: (i) before and (ii) after the addition of 1,3-butadiene. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-molecular-weight-and-molecular-weight-distribution-2aa484a2.png Figure 4. Molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of poly(4-vinylbenzocyclobutene) during the polymerization in benzene at 25 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-size-exclusion-chromatography-eluograms-of-poly-2lxm3vuo.png Figure 5. Size exclusion chromatography eluograms of poly(4vinylbenzocyclobutene) taken during the course of anionic polymerization in benzene at 25°C. Mn ) number-average molecular weight with respect to polystyrene standard,t ) polymerization time, and % ) percentage of monomer conversion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-first-order-time-conversion-plot-of-anionic-2k8f5lih.png Figure 3. First-order time-conversion plot of anionic polymerization of 4-vinylbenzocyclobutene usings-BuLi as initiator in benzene at 25 °C. https://scispace.com/papers/well-posed-boundary-conditions-for-the-navier-stokes-33pcay4e27 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-sign-of-the-eigenvalues-for-different-mach-27jvoydd.png Table 1 The sign of the eigenvalues for different Mach numbers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-number-of-boundary-conditions-to-be-specified-at-2zmj7rnw.png Table 2 The number of boundary conditions to be specified at different flow cases for the threedimensional Navier–Stokes equations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-number-of-boundary-conditions-to-be-specified-at-lsy24lz5.png Table 3 The number of boundary conditions to be specified at different flow cases for the threedimensional Euler equations. https://scispace.com/papers/were-compulsory-attendance-and-child-labor-laws-effective-an-51iiu95ta7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-endogeneity-test-3ol9lu0z.png TABLE 10: Endogeneity Test https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tabulations-of-laws-across-states-1ogkkjmo.png TABLE 2: Tabulations of Laws Across States https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-compulsory-attendance-and-child-labor-laws-18jpppqp.png TABLE 3: Effect of Compulsory Attendance And Child Labor Laws on Education https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-why-were-the-laws-passed-2zqn9x7n.png TABLE 6: Why were the laws passed? https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-effects-of-the-distribution-of-compulsory-schooling-1ouowkzu.png TABLE 8: Effects of the distribution of compulsory schooling laws on inequality https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effect-of-laws-on-education-by-gender-and-race-1yqhdy72.png TABLE 5: Effect of Laws on Education by gender and race https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-results-by-region-1200zh2l.png TABLE 9: Results by Region https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-laws-on-education-specification-checks-xh5z9o9e.png TABLE 4: Effect of Laws on Education. Specification Checks https://scispace.com/papers/were-we-really-all-in-it-together-the-distributional-effects-fka3nvuajb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-change-in-household-disposable-income-by-3ebciyb0.png Figure 1: Percentage change in household disposable income by income vingtile group due to policy changes May 2010 to May 2015 (a) May 2010 policies uprated using CPI https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-percentage-change-in-household-disposable-income-by-1w26aip5.png Figure 5: Percentage change in household disposable income by household type due to policy changes May 2010 to May 2015 (2010 policies uprated using AEI) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-percentage-change-in-household-disposable-income-by-3d68jjnr.png Figure 4: Percentage change in household disposable income by age group due to policy changes May 2010 to May 2015 (2010 policies uprated using AEI) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-percentage-change-in-household-disposable-income-2uv21nmr.png Figure 6: Percentage change in household disposable income due to policy changes May 2010 to May 2015 by household income decile group and age group (2010 policies uprated using AEI) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-percentage-change-in-household-disposable-income-tejmy3z2.png Figure 3: Percentage change in household disposable income due to policy changes May 2010 to May 2015: Varying the analytical choices and assumptions to compare with IFS analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-change-in-household-disposable-income-fo0s2k91.png Figure 2: Percentage change in household disposable income due to policy changes May 2010 to May 2015: Varying the analytical choices and assumptions to compare with HM Treasury analysis https://scispace.com/papers/western-corn-rootworm-egg-distribution-and-adult-emergence-3ch74z0arj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-western-corn-rootworm-adult-emergence-and-corn-lgj2543y.png Table 2. Western corn rootworm adult emergence and corn yields in 2 tillage systems, North Platte, Nebraska https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cumulative-emergence-of-western-com-rootworm-adults-30fts6h6.png Figure 2. Cumulative emergence of western com rootworm adults in 2 corn tillage systems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-western-corn-rootworm-eggs-at-1jxefu1n.png Table 1. Distribution of western corn rootworm eggs at hatching time under 2 corn tillage systems, North Platte, Nebraska, 1966 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-profiles-of-upper-12-in-of-soil-slightly-21qnaeaj.png Figure 1. Profiles of upper 12 in. of soil (slightly diagrammatic) showing initial distribution of western corn rootworm eggs and subsequent displacement under 2 tillage systems. Shading from none to darkest represents, respectively, less than 2, 2–6, 6–10, and more than 10 eggs/1000 cc soil. https://scispace.com/papers/western-iberian-winter-wind-indices-based-on-significant-4u8u3hsknn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-11-year-running-averages-of-the-numbers-of-3dt3tt5i.png Fig. 4. 11-year running averages of the numbers of significantly upwelling-favourable days (SUFWE) for November, December, January, February and March, 1948–2003, at 41.0◦ N, 9.4◦W. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-regression-analyses-performed-between-the-19bqjbl3.png Table 2. Results of regression analyses performed between the 5-year average hybrid wind index; the 5-year average upwelling-favourable wind index; the North Atlantic Oscillation index; and annual sardine catch data. In all cases, the first year of the time series for the regressions was 1952. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-stick-plots-of-1997-wind-velocities-measured-at-a-the-1hmfevc2.png Fig. 1. Stick plots of 1997 wind velocities measured at (a) the Cape Carvoeiro light station (39.4◦ N, 9.4◦W) and (b) as provided by NCEP for 41.0◦N, 9.4◦W. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-correlation-values-r2-together-with-means-1dzjczv6.png Table 1. Selected correlation values (ρ2) together with means and standard deviations for the wind velocities from the Cape Carvoeiro light station and from the NCEP Reanalysis project. https://scispace.com/papers/wet-granulation-the-effect-of-shear-on-granule-properties-2pkp4xlulb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-b-densification-regime-ii-small-granules-160-400-am-4k64h3su.png Fig. 5. (a–b) Densification (Regime II), small granules (160–400 Am), L/S = 31.7%, top = 19 min, N= 500 rpm. (c–d) Coalescence (Regime II), granules (630–1600 Am), L/S = 31.7%, top = 19 min, N= 500 rpm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-b-extensive-regime-iii-granules-1600-2500-am-l-s-31-22igpfwa.png Fig. 6. (a–b) Extensive (Regime III), granules (1600–2500 Am), L/S = 31.7%, top = 19 min, N = 500 rpm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-granulation-parameters-shear-effect-2gzp76fy.png Table 4 Granulation parameters—shear effect https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-shear-effect-on-granule-size-distribution-l-s-31-7-w-w-2izpb2q4.png Fig. 7. Shear effect on granule size distribution, L/S = 31.7% (w/w), top = 19 min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-set-up-10xsqykd.png Fig. 2. Experimental set-up. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-powder-properties-1n4e5g4c.png Table 1 Powder properties https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rheological-profile-of-the-wet-sericite-by-liquid-1k7qb1yp.png Fig. 1. Rheological profile of the wet sericite by liquid phase with the mixer torque rheometer caleva. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-liquid-phase-composition-and-properties-24ma6ppy.png Table 2 Liquid phase composition and properties https://scispace.com/papers/wet-and-wonderful-the-world-s-largest-wetlands-are-33kodwk188 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-west-siberian-lowland-contains-2-745-million-1x2emsot.png Figure 4. The West Siberian Lowland contains 2.745 million square kilometers dominated by peatlands, such as this floodplain surrounded by tundra. Photograph: Courtesy of Michail Teliatnikov. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-remaining-bottomland-hardwood-forests-of-the-2ptd92ee.png Figure 12. The remaining bottomland hardwood forests of the Mississippi River alluvial plain following extensive logging activities in the river basin since 1882. Source: Llewellyn and colleagues (1996). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distribution-of-wetlands-in-the-west-siberian-tsbxii4v.png Figure 5. Distribution of wetlands in the West Siberian Lowland. Numbers correspond to mire zones, where 1 = polygonal mires, 2 = flat-palsa mires, 3 = high-palsa mires, 4 = raised string bogs, 5 = flat eutrophic and mesotrophic mires, and 6 = reed and sedge fens and saltwater mashes. (a) Peatlands, (b) rivers (Solomeshch 2005). Reprinted with permission from Cambridge University Press. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-services-that-may-be-performed-by-natural-p7jbcnsx.png Table 1. Services that may be performed by natural environments including wetlands. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-schematic-cross-section-of-the-amazon-floodplain-2br2x8vz.png Figure 8. Schematic cross-section of the Amazon floodplain illustrating how water depth and substrate types control the composition of the wetlands and surrounding forests. Source: Sioli (1964). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-vast-areas-of-floodplain-both-marsh-and-swamp-occur-170b2otq.png Figure 6. Vast areas of floodplain, both marsh and swamp, occur in the Amazon River Basin. Photograph: Courtesy of Wolfgang J. Junk. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-amazon-river-basin-as-observed-by-ers-1-radar-1znx5czg.png Figure 7. The Amazon River Basin as observed by ERS-1 radar altimeter (European Space Agency, www.esa.int/esaEO/ SEMDHU2VQUD_planet 1.html). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-location-of-swamps-within-the-cuvette-centrale-1h1geqmc.png Figure 11. The location of swamps within the cuvette centrale congolaise, based on De Grandi and colleagues (2000). Areas with a mosaic of swamp and terra firme forest are also included. Protected areas are crosshatched. They include the Salonga National Park in the Democratic Republic of Congo, which is one of the largest national parks in the world, and the Lac Télé/Likoualaaux-herbes Community Reserve in the Congo (Campbell 2005). Reprinted with permission from Cambridge University Press. https://scispace.com/papers/wetland-plant-diversity-in-a-coastal-nature-reserve-in-italy-441o9ej4li 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-maps-of-the-spatial-distribution-of-electrical-2n5pf988.png Fig. 4 Maps of the spatial distribution of electrical conductivity in 2003 (a) and in 2016 (b) and location of the relevés for the 14 plant communities (c) with abbreviated legend for the communities (full legend in Fig. 3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-se-values-of-the-rarity-index-and-of-uzspmcwu.png Table 4 Mean (± SE) values of the rarity index and of hydrochemical variables in nine communities of hygrophytic and helophytic vegetation and five communities of waterplant vegetation. For each variable in each of the two vegetation groupings, the means followed by the same letter do not differ significantly (P < 0.05) based on Tukey’s HSD post hoc tests (capital letters for hygrophytic and helophytic vegetation; small letters for waterplant vegetation) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-study-area-with-location-of-the-sampling-3irlhxaq.png Fig. 1 Map of the study area with location of the sampling sites in the five wetland types https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-the-wetland-types-with-cover-area-and-number-intuzycz.png Table 1 List of the wetland types, with cover area and number of vegetation relevés https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-the-rarity-indices-derived-from-estimates-of-1zumbcbs.png Table 2 List of the rarity indices derived from estimates of species abundance in the local plant species checklist https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-monte-carlo-statistics-for-the-1h6fj9ef.png Table 5 Summary of Monte Carlo statistics for the hygrophytic and helophytic vegetation (upper part) and for the waterplant vegetation (lower part). Significant (P < 0.05) P adjusted values in bold character https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-classification-dendrogram-of-the-84-vegetation-releves-2zneyp43.png Fig. 2 Classification dendrogram of the 84 vegetation relevés. The rectangle indicates the range of Euclidean distance (ca. 25–30) in which the clusters corresponding to the 14 plant communities were recognized (symbols as in Fig. 3) https://scispace.com/papers/wetropolis-extreme-rainfall-and-flood-demonstrator-from-2o390ox2wt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-four-panel-figure-in-which-a-contains-the-three-34f4akyw.png Figure 5. A four-panel figure in which (a) contains the three canal levels and the level of the reservoir as a function of time t , all initialised at zero in this run (reservoir: red; canal-1: black, canal-2: cyan; canal-3: blue); (b) displays the river level at s = 0 in blue and the river level at one point in the city in black as a function of time; (c) shows moor groundwater level hm(y, t) as a function of space y in a snapshot at t = 5000 s; and (d) shows rainfall per wd= 10 s scaled with the magic factor r0 versus time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-the-river-level-h-s-t-of-the-river-blue-bottom-1m3296tn.png Figure 4. (a) The river level h(s, t) of the river (blue, bottom) and the river velocity Vr(s, t) (black, top) as a function of the along-river coordinate s at t = 5000 s; (b) topography b = b(s) (in red and fixed), the top of the berm or dike along river/canals in red (fixed); in dashed blue the bottom of the set of canals; in solid blue the canal levels; in black is the dynamic river level indicated above the bed; all as a function of s at time t = 5000 s. When the black line/river level lies above the red lines/berms, there is flooding, here because at t = 5000 s the water level is seen to be high; cf. Fig. 5d. The black line is seen to have three jumps at s = sres = 0.932 m, s = sm = 2.038 m, and a small one at s = L1c = 3.858 m, where water comes in from the reservoir, moor, and canal respectively. At s = 0 there is constant water influx. Flooding is just defined as water-level exceedance above the canal berm: in this simplified design model there is no actual water leaving the river. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-photograph-of-the-entire-set-up-at-the-churchtown-2ks34414.png Figure 8. Photograph of the entire set-up at the Churchtown Flood Action Group workshop on 28 January 2017, with the winding river channel in the foreground, the city plain with a few smurfs, the groundwater moor, the reservoir on the left behind the moor, and, in the background on the right, the control table with the Arduino units and the two Galton boards as well as an informative poster on Wetropolis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-action-shots-of-wetropolis-a-overview-of-90dzqlql.png Figure 7. Action shots of Wetropolis: (a) overview of overflowing reservoir on the left, the lave-grit-filled moor under heavy rainfall in the middle, and a flooded city in the background on the right during tests with massive flooding and 100 % rainfall over several days; (b) zoom-in of the final river bend and its one-sided flood plain and the canal before the city as well as a flooded city plain in the background on the right during massive flooding; (c) zoom-in of the reservoir with water streaming through the manually adjustable outflow pipe into the river and the separate valve-adjustable underflow into the canal on the right; and (d) zoom-in of the holding reservoir with the three aquarium pumps and tubing leading to the constant upstream inflow at the start of the river at s = 0 on the right and two other tubes leading to the reservoir and moor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-photographs-of-asymmetric-galton-boards-a-test-1acu0rpj.png Figure 1. Photographs of asymmetric Galton boards. (a) Test board and (b) a final set-up. At every split the chance of a steel ball falling to the left or right is 50 % for a well-balanced Galton board. When a sufficiently large number of steel balls falls through this Galton board, the discrete distribution becomes (3, 7, 5,1)/16. The 4× 4 possible outcomes in two of such boards, registered in each by four electronic eyes (located in the black-painted areas along 2× 4= 8 channels marked here by “1, 2, 4, . . . ” and “L, &, M , 0”), determine both the rainfall amount and its location(s) in Wetropolis. The outcome of the random draw, shown by the lit-up lights, will in this instance lead to 4 s of rain in the lake/reservoir. Photos: Onno Bokhove and Wout Zweers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-overview-of-the-wetropolis-flood-demonstrator-with-11n8hr09.png Figure 6. Overview of the Wetropolis Flood Demonstrator with its winding river channel of circa 5.2 m and the slanted flood plains on one side of the river, a reservoir, the porous moor, the (constant) upstream inflow of water, the canal with weirs (the three small blue foam wedges seen in the photograph), the higher city plain, and the outflow in the water tank/bucket with its three pumps. Two of these pumps switch on randomly for (1, 2, 4) or 9 s of each wd= 10 s. Photo compilation: Luke Barber. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-units-and-values-used-note-that-a-k-1avom40v.png Table 2. Parameters: units and values used. Note that α = k/(mporνσe) and γ ∈ [0, 1]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plan-view-of-the-wetropolis-table-top-experiment-2hp59q3x.png Figure 2. Plan view of the Wetropolis table-top experiment. The main river channel is indicated in white-blue blocks and its onesided flood plain extent by a dashed line. A “Leeds–Liverpool” canal with lock weirs flanks the 1 : 100-sloped river, which has constant upstream inflow and gets fed by water from a reservoir as well as a porous moor filled with lava grains. In both locations, it can rain intermittently and randomly. Outflow is at the end of the river channel, after a city plain that can flood and where the canal flows into the river. Water falling in a full reservoir flows instantly with a manually adjustable fraction of 0< γ ≤ 1 into the canal and the river, the latter with a fraction (1− γ ). The reservoir level can also be adjusted manually, which provides some flood control. This control can be adjusted manually to demonstrate the role of a holding reservoir in lessening flooding in cases of extreme rainfall. https://scispace.com/papers/wettability-and-surface-forces-measured-by-atomic-force-1mvmu13429 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thickness-e-deposition-time-t-roughness-ra-and-13ffmnqu.png Table 1: thickness (e), deposition time (t), roughness (Ra) and nodules area (A) of the prepared films. https://scispace.com/papers/wetting-of-anisotropic-sinusoidal-surfaces-experimental-and-582q30fizd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-design-for-the-wetting-measurements-2kep0gm9.png Table 2. Experimental design for the wetting measurements analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-example-of-anisotropy-influence-on-apparent-contact-3u9w3gv0.png Figure 7. Example of anisotropy influence on apparent contact angle for parallel view (left) and perpendicular view (right) of a sessile drop (volume ~1µL) deposited onto the SA8 sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-initial-geometry-hemisphere-approximated-by-524-18izb0qi.png Figure 8. Initial geometry (hemisphere approximated by 524 facets) for the Surface Evolver simulation, isometric view from the top (left) and from the bottom (right). The blue facets belong to the liquid-vapour interface (ILV) whereas the white ones belong to the solid-liquid interface (ISL) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experimental-results-of-wettability-analysis-mean-v-21ge0n72.png Table 3. Experimental results of wettability analysis (mean v lues) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-side-views-in-parallel-and-perpendicular-direction-1f40h52v.png Figure 10. Side views in parallel and perpendicular direction and top view of a simulated sessile “Big” drop on the 8µm amplitude sinusoid. The contact ngles are // = 89.5° and _|_ = 76.0°. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-side-views-in-parallel-and-perpendicular-direction-1fkzanch.png Figure 9. Side views in parallel and perpendicular direction and top view of a sessile “Big” drop on sample SA8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3d-measurement-obtained-by-tactile-profilometry-on-3omm7wp2.png Figure 1. 3D measurement obtained by tactile profilometry on b th surfaces: SA4 and SA8 with sinus amplitude of 4 and 8 µm respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-of-interferometric-measurements-of-3vvmepjp.png Figure 4. Results of interferometric measurements of sinusoidal surface over one period (left) and zoom of nano-roughness structure (right). https://scispace.com/papers/wetting-properties-induced-in-nano-composite-poss-ma-polymer-14bfzm96tj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-transmission-absorbance-ftir-spectra-of-a-s14rp268.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Transmission absorbance FTIR spectra of a POSS-MA film on silicon after they were heated at 115 C for a time interval corresponding to 5, 20, 40, and 60 ALD cycles, i.e., 8, 31, 62, and 92 min, respectively. The four panels focus on the spectra in the whole middle IR region (a), around the Si–O–Si (b), the C¼O, and the CH3–CH2 (d) peaks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-scanning-electron-micrograph-of-an-ald-al2o3-coated-2ce294re.png FIG. 6. Scanning electron micrograph of an ALD Al2O3-coated POSS-MA films on silicon. The Al2O3 coating was deposited at 115 C with 60 cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-ratio-between-the-al-o-and-the-ch3-ch2-2i8eu2ml.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Ratio between the Al-O and the CH3-CH2 peaks in FTIR absorbance spectra of ALD Al2O3-coated POSS-MA films on silicon measured the day after they were coated at 115, 90, 60, and 40 C with 5, 20, 40, and 60 ALD cycles of Al2O3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-transmission-absorbance-ftir-spectra-of-a-ykuxqm2i.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Transmission absorbance FTIR spectra of a POSSMA film on silicon the day after they were coated with 5, 20, 40, and 60 cycles of ALD Al2O3 at 90 C. The characteristic peaks of the Al2O3 layer (Al-O (Ref. 17)) and the POSS-MA film (Si-O-Si (Refs. 18–20, C¼O (Refs. 20–22), and CH3-CH2 (Refs. 18, 23)) are labeled. The hydroxyl–(OH) groups between 4000 and 3000 cm 1 appear after the ALD coating process is performed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-water-contact-angle-wca-of-ald-al2o3-30gz2x2l.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Water contact angle (WCA) of ALD Al2O3-coated POSS-MA films on silicon measured the day after they were coated at 115, 90, 60, and 40 C with 5, 20, 40, and 60 ALD Al2O3 cycles. The horizontal line represents the WCA value for an uncoated POSS-MA film. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-the-poss-ma-polymer-37otnaio.png FIG. 1. Structure of the POSS-MA polymer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-a-schematics-of-the-two-samples-whose-2y3erdct.png FIG. 7. (Color online) (a) Schematics of the two samples whose compositional profile was measured by XPS. (b) XPS survey scans of the POSS-MA films on silicon coated with ALD Al2O3 layers deposited at 115 C with 60 cycles after sputtering for 10 min, and five cycles after sputtering for 15 min. Counts per second (CPS) are reported on the vertical axis. An offset of 3 104 CPS was given to the samples coated with 5 cycles of ALD Al2O3 to make its features more clearly distinguishable. The more significant atomic species are labeled. (c) Atomic percentage (%) vs sputter time (in minutes) for the POSS-MA films on silicon coated with ALD Al2O3 layers deposited at 115 C with 60 (empty symbols) and 5 cycles (full symbols). The more significant atomic species are labeled. https://scispace.com/papers/whales-translated-by-a-j-pomerans-4nhvfkgg47 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-69-sowerby-s-whale-60-2z6tqjo2.png Fig. 69 Sowerby's Whale, 60 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-44-scars-jound-on-the-skins-of-rorquals-1mj7bnny.png Figure 44. Scars Jound on the skins of Rorquals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-146-two-krill-legs-euphausia-sviperba-dana-greatly-1zft3goq.png Figure 146. Two krill legs (Euphausia sviperba Dana) greatly magnified to show their straining properties. {Barkley, ig4o.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-whaling-industry-35ff-whaling-open-sea-34-whaling-3f6buy7m.png Fig. 15- Whaling industry, 35ff. Whaling, open sea, 34 Whaling season, 396; Fig. 217 Wheeler, J. F. G., 49, 349, 399 Whistling, 220 White-Beaked Dolphin, 197, 220 White, Dr. P. D., i54f , 301 Widdas, 367 Wilke, 355 Williamson, 100 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-223-little-piked-whales-cut-off-by-ice-probably-the-2coq6m76.png Figure 223. Little Piked Whales cut off by ice. Probably the last phase in their attempts to keep the ice open for breathing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-42-ventral-view-offemale-and-male-fin-whales-3g5kcgvo.png Figure 42. Ventral view offemale and male Fin Whales, illustrating differences in external form. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-104-two-bottlenose-dolphins-supporting-a-wounded-3euf4t96.png Figure 104. Two Bottlenose Dolphins supporting a wounded congener. {Siebenaler and Caldwell, 1956.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-32-a-fin-whale-surfacing-while-swimming-slowly-when-1w1ot68w.png Figure 32. A Fin Whale surfacing while swimming slowly, when the tip of the snout always remains submerged. {Gunther, ig^g.) https://scispace.com/papers/what-about-the-male-victims-exploring-the-impact-of-gender-25sl224o3f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-by-stereotype-condition-and-14g8acbk.png Table 1 Descriptive Statistics by Stereotype Condition and Gender of the IPV Victim, Study 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlations-between-implicit-attitudes-socio-190gfh7i.png Table 4 Correlations Between Implicit Attitudes, Socio-cognitive Variables, and Hostile and Benevolent Sexism, Study 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-by-stereotype-condition-and-b3l0juqw.png Table 3 Descriptive Statistics by Stereotype Condition and Gender of the IPV Perpetrator, Study 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-implicit-attitudes-socio-20xx1z8b.png Table 2 Correlations Between Implicit Attitudes, Socio-cognitive Variables, and Hostile and Benevolent Sexism, Study 1 https://scispace.com/papers/what-affects-international-migration-of-european-science-and-x3be57fnj4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-logit-estimates-of-choice-to-migrate-o2nte8m9.png Table 4. Logit estimates of choice to migrate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-figures-on-migration-patterns-31by8x1i.png Table 3. Figures on migration patterns (%). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-pooled-two-step-heckman-estimation-of-destination-225oammy.png Table 6. Pooled two-step Heckman estimation of destination countries (probit specification). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-pooled-multinomial-estimation-of-destination-1yqs5lcp.png Table 5. Pooled multinomial estimation of destination countries. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dependent-and-independent-variables-first-and-t7oi6o2m.png Table 1. Dependent and independent variables (first and current job). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-3l37a5oc.png Table 2. Descriptive statistics. https://scispace.com/papers/what-are-teens-doing-with-youtube-practices-uses-and-4srjyb71p5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-teens-youtube-uses-practices-and-metaphors-source-rgzepgio.png Table 1. Teens’ YouTube uses, practices and metaphors. Source: Authors’ own elaboration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-distribution-by-country-source-authors-own-voo0s2fb.png Figure 1: Sample Distribution by Country. Source: Authors’ own elaboration. Between two and four schools were involved in each country depending on the different educational systems. This article focuses on the results from all of the countries and analyses the data derived from the workshops, interviews, and media diaries. It focuses exclusively on the results related to the teenagers’ use of YouTube, as https://scispace.com/papers/what-are-the-barriers-to-reaching-forces-families-and-to-3ifo66wvxj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-this-diagram-shows-how-the-project-developed-as-2d2jhsk5.png Figure 1: This diagram shows how the project developed as action research; feedback from the market to whom the scrapbooks were circulated, and evaluation of completed scrapbooks offered important information for the further development of materials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-summary-of-the-route-taken-to-reach-the-38s04ixo.png Figure 4: A summary of the route taken to reach the designated population and the agencies through which the project operated once it no longer relied on personal links. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-launch-of-reading-force-at-wavell-school-in-3f594ny6.png Figure 3. The launch of Reading Force at Wavell School in 2012. Forces children at The Wavell School were joined by children from nearby Marlborough Infants School and Newport Junior School. In the front row are Carnegie medal winning author Meg Rosof and Captain Keith Page, SO3 Ops O&D, the Services Project Liaison Manager appointed from within 145 (South) Brigade, based in Aldershot. https://scispace.com/papers/what-are-the-ants-doing-vision-based-tracking-and-1d6gww2t5g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sensory-field-is-formed-by-simple-geometric-inputs-to-2u083jxx.png Fig. 5. Sensory field is formed by simple geometric inputs to our modeling software. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-2s7pi9gf.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ten-ants-are-moving-around-in-a-tank-the-circle-77ezo5e2.png Fig. 6. Ten ants are moving around in a tank. The circle aroundtwo ants means that they are ”docking”, or exchanging information. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-this-figure-shows-the-conical-visual-scope-as-well-as-1wlm80rb.png Fig. 7. This figure shows the conical visual scope as well as the closest obstacles (dotted) and goals (dashed) for each individual ant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-particle-filter-tracking-a-a-set-of-particles-white-2t6yras6.png Fig. 1. Particle filter tracking. (a) A set of particles (white rectangles), are scored according to how well the underlying p xels match the appearance model (left). Particles are resampled (middle) according to the normalized weights determined in the previous step. Finally, the estimated location of the target is computed as the mean of the resampled particles. (b) Motion model: The previous image and particles (left).A new image frame is loaded (center). Each particle is advanced according to a stochasti motion model (right). The samples are now ready to be scored and resampled as above. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-appearance-model-used-in-tracking-ants-this-is-38n1o0l4.png Fig. 2. The appearance model used in tracking ants. This is anactual image drawn from the video data. https://scispace.com/papers/what-are-the-challenges-for-modelling-isoprene-and-1p6xf458d1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-observed-isoprene-emission-rates-in-relation-to-3fqvuksk.png Figure 1. The observed isoprene emission rates in relation to the chamber air temperature in July over three field seasons (2006, 2007, 2012) in the Abisko tundra heath. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-modelled-grey-and-observed-blue-gross-primary-mdjs8h9q.png Figure 2. Modelled (grey) and observed (blue) gross primary production (GPP, a), ecosystem respiration (ER, b), and net ecosystem production (NEP, c) for the growing season of 2010 and 2012 in the control plots at the Abisko tundra heath. Error bars indicate the standard deviation for the six replicates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scatter-plot-of-the-modelled-mod-and-the-observed-scf8dd4t.png Figure 5. Scatter plot of the modelled (Mod.) and the observed (Obs.) warming responses (WRs) for both isoprene (a) and monoterpene (b), using the adjusted (Adj) and the original T (Orig) response. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-modelled-annual-isoprene-and-monoterpene-emissions-3elu6ffs.png Figure 6. Modelled annual isoprene and monoterpene emissions for the period 1998–2012 at the Abisko heath tundra. The warming (W) treatment started in 1999 and three levels of warming (+2,+4 and+8 ◦C) were applied during summertime. The modelled annual emissions in the control (C) plots are also presented. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-point-intercept-based-vegetation-coverage-and-213fio5e.png Figure 3. Point-intercept-based vegetation coverage and modelled leaf area index (LAI, m2 m−2) averaged for the growing season 2010 and 2012 for the control (C) and warming (W) treatments in the Abisko tundra heath. Different y axes are used for the observed (Obs) and the modelled (Mod) coverage to allow comparison of warming effects. GRT: graminoid tundra; SLSS: Salix, low shrubs summergreen; SPDS: summergreen prostrate dwarf shrubs; NSLSS: non-Salix, low shrubs summergreen; LSE: low shrubs evergreen; EPDS: evergreen prostrate dwarf shrubs; CLM: cushion forbs, lichens and moss tundra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-modelled-a-isoprene-and-c-m48qsqyy.png Figure 4. Comparison of the modelled (a) isoprene and (c) monoterpene emission rates with the observations in the control (C) plots and evaluation of modelled warming responses (WRs) with the observed WRs (b, d) at the Abisko tundra heath. The observed enclosure air temperature (air T ) and PAR outside the enclosure are displayed in (e). Mod: modelled; Obs: observed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-plant-functional-types-pfts-and-representative-ex0ehmjx.png Table 1. Plant functional types (PFTs) and representative species in the study area. The emission capacity of isoprene (EIS, µg C g dw−1 h−1) and monoterpenes (EMS, µg C g dw−1 h−1) at 20 ◦C (in italics) used the adjusted temperature response curve from this study, whilst the averaged literature values of the emission capacity at 30 ◦C were based on the Guenther’s algorithms. The values are based on the available growing season leaf-level measurements from the Arctic. https://scispace.com/papers/what-are-the-determinants-of-investment-in-environmental-r-d-jwh7wyy75s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-descriptive-statistics-by-industry-1dywbfnt.png TABLE A.1. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS BY INDUSTRY https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-kq8l8m2h.png Table 1. Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-environmental-strategies-on-pollution-2j0eli1y.png Table 2. Effect of Environmental Strategies on Pollution Prevention https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-the-variables-definitions-and-sources-2kum52rm.png Table A.2. The variables: definitions and sources https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-robustness-diagnostics-3k4bvtad.png Table 4. Robustness Diagnostics https://scispace.com/papers/what-are-the-costs-of-stillbirth-capturing-the-direct-health-6ftges5tj9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-value-of-lost-output-secondary-to-stillbirth-2m0tp77t.png Table 3. Value of lost output secondary to stillbirth, Australia, 2015-16 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-costs-to-mothers-associated-with-mother-s-use-z0rvldaf.png Table 2: Mean costs to mothers associated with mother's use health services covered by MBS and PBS and provided in private hospitals and funded by individuals, for stillbirths and live births, Queensland, Australia 2012 – 015. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-value-of-lost-welfare-secondary-to-stillbirth-340l8lhm.png Table 4. Value of lost welfare secondary to stillbirth, Australia, 2015-16 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-costs-to-federal-and-state-governments-1w49vers.png Table 1: Mean costs to Federal and State governments associated with mother's health service use for stillbirths and live births, Queensland, Australia 2012 – 2015. https://scispace.com/papers/what-are-the-true-costs-of-major-trauma-thuj7p3gxj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-costs-of-major-trauma-treated-at-pah-2004-05-using-a-wdr3tn3u.png Table 3 Costs of major trauma treated at PAH, 2004-05 using a top-down approach $A https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-the-total-cost-of-major-trauma-13ut1opk.png Figure 3: Distribution of the total cost of major trauma treated at PAH, (2004–2005) The statistical parameters with p-values in parentheses for Model 3 were, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-correlation-between-niss-and-total-cost-of-major-l1ne599y.png Figure 2: Correlation between NISS and total cost of major trauma treated at PAH, (2004– 2005). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cost-of-major-trauma-treated-at-pah-2004-05-a-3te312jn.png Table 4 Cost of Major Trauma Treated at PAH (2004-05) A$ https://scispace.com/papers/what-can-commercial-property-performance-reveal-about-bank-1rc6kz0i6e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-x5rs87vu.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-commercial-property-factor-drives-fall-in-bank-1hp3j5t2.png Figure 4 − Commercial property factor drives fall in bank equity prices during Covid-19 shockDecomposition of bank stock price variation (in p.p.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1a-summary-statistics-of-aggregate-data-monthly-30cfm33r.png Table 1a: Summary statistics of aggregate data (monthly frequency)variable observations mean std. dev. min maxreturn of bank stock index 674 -0.002 0.070 -0.458 0.303return of REIT index 674 0.002 0.057 -0.383 0.266 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-commercial-property-factor-drives-fall-in-bank-1g3govzt.png Figure 3 − Commercial property factor drives fall in bank equity prices during GFCDecomposition of bank stock price variation (in p.p.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-1vrffq6l.png Table 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-excess-reit-return-coefficient-by-quantile-390l3jot.png Figure 2 − Excess REIT return coefficient by quantile https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ot3kmx0u.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mus2tvni.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/papers/what-are-your-programming-language-s-energy-delay-m6fcf5g49h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-all-system-tasks-edp-27rcinj9.png Table 3: All System Tasks EDP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-edp-box-plots-the-points-show-outliers-the-vertical-2up2tgwk.png Figure 2: EDP box plots. The points show outliers. The vertical scale is the logarithmic ratio log10 (p/pmin) where p is the measurement and pmin is the minimum of the measurements for that task, corresponding to the most EDP-friendly language. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-programming-languages-compiler-and-interpreter-2kicku23.png Table 1: Programming Languages, Compiler and Interpreter Versions, and Run-Time Performance Optimization Flags https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-programming-languages-averageweighted-edpranking-3psl0h85.png Table 4: Programming Languages AverageWeighted EDPRanking https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-categories-tasks-explanation-input-test-and-q37j6q5o.png Table 2: Selected Categories, Tasks, Explanation, Input Test, and HeatMap Abbreviations https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-wilcoxons-pairwise-sum-ranking-3l1cwh3g.png Table 5: Wilcoxon’s Pairwise Sum Ranking https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-servers-platform-edp-results-2k4sxbvv.png Figure 1: Server’s Platform EDP Results https://scispace.com/papers/what-can-knowledge-creating-organisations-learn-from-3ulbdcfb9r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-an-overview-of-the-three-theatre-formats-and-ways-in-1e1agbvt.png Table 1: An overview of the three theatre formats and ways in which they use improvisation. https://scispace.com/papers/what-can-visual-content-analysis-do-for-text-based-image-56zs36ljo8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-faceted-image-search-based-on-face-detection-1nm64xo1.png Fig. 3. Faceted image search based on face detection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-faceted-image-search-based-on-photo-and-graphics-image-2fs779wm.png Fig. 2. Faceted image search based on photo and graphics image reconition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-architecture-of-text-based-image-search-engines-101idd0j.png Fig. 1. Architecture of text based image search engines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-show-similar-images-hshfahj9.png Fig. 4. Show similar images. https://scispace.com/papers/what-color-do-you-feel-color-choices-are-driven-by-mood-2b2xbh0z7i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-raw-colour-selections-a-1-a-4-as-well-as-variation-in-uy783v9c.png Fig 3. Raw colour selections (A.1-A.4) as well as variation in hue (B.1-B.4), lightness (C.1), and chroma (C.2) between the induced affective states of joy, relaxation, fear, and sadness. Hue codes: R = red, O = orange, Y = yellow, Y-G = yellow-green, G = green, G-B = green-blue, B = blue, P = purple, A = achromatic (i.e., shades of grey from black to white). Error bars indicate one standard error of the mean (SEM). Significance coded as * p < .050, ** p < .010, *** p < .001. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-raw-colour-selections-a-and-variations-in-hue-b-3ryvpvhc.png Fig 4. Raw colour selections (A) and variations in hue (B), lightness (C), and chroma (D) between colours matched to participants’ mood prior to mood induction (baseline) and to induced affective states of joy, relaxation, fear, or sadness. Hue codes: R = red, O = orange, Y = yellow, Y-G = yellowgreen, G = green, G-B = green-blue, B = blue, P = purple, A = achromatic (i.e., shades of grey from black to white). Error bars indicate one standard error of the mean (SEM). Significance coded as * p < .050, ** p < .010, *** p < .001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-frequencies-of-warm-red-orange-yellow-or-yellow-21hd7zqq.png Table 3. Frequencies of warm (red, orange, yellow, or yellow-green) vs. cool (green-blue or blue) hue choices in four induced mood conditions. Subscript letters indicate significant difference between conditions (p < .050). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bootstrapped-pairwise-comparisons-between-hues-we-3h04rggl.png Table 2. Bootstrapped pairwise comparisons between hues. We compared the frequencies of hue choices for each of the induced moods (i.e., joy, relaxation, fear, and sadness). The table shows the number of participants choosing a particular hue (n), and percentage of participants (from total N) making this selection (%). A common letter between two hues indicates that the pairwise comparison between those two hues was not significant. No letters in common between two hues indicates that the pairwise comparison was significant (i.e., these two hues were not chosen at the same frequency). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-short-stories-and-music-used-for-mood-induction-3hllvt4n.png Table 1. Short stories and music used for mood induction, taken from previous studies 41,45,50,57 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-timeline-of-the-procedure-of-the-study-a-3igzfbju.png Fig 1. The timeline of the procedure of the study. (A) Instructions for the experiment. (B) Mood induction (part 1) with music for 4 minutes. (C) Mood induction (part 2) with music and short stories for 4 to 4.5 minutes. (D) Colour picker tool used to select colours that match the induced affective state. (D.1) Initial screen. A slightly larger square (here the purple one) shows which colour has been chosen and will be refined further. (D.2) – (D.4) subsequent screens of colour selection. (D.5) Final selection screen. (D.6) Screen with the enlarged selected colour to verify the selection. One should note that it was always possible to return to the previous selection screens and refine the colour selection. This particular example of the colour selection took 4 clicks to make. The colour picker can be accessed via https://www2.unil.ch/onlinepsylab/ColourPicker/html/colourpicker.html. (E). The Geneva Emotion Wheel (GEW) to select the affective state that one was feeling after the mood induction, answered on a paper questionnaire. For a larger version of the GEW, see Fig 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-geneva-emotion-wheel-version-3-0-used-to-assess-i3haez3o.png Fig 2. Geneva Emotion Wheel version 3.0 used to assess affective states felt after the mood induction 51,62. Note that for the purposes of the current study, we exchanged relief with relaxation. https://scispace.com/papers/what-characterizes-a-fast-growing-firm-zsiydxmieh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-33nxkwnd.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-details-of-fast-growing-firms-3p4dx16j.png Table 2: Details of Fast Growing Firms https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-robust-ols-estimationa-top-10-per-cent-xohm8eek.png Table 6: Robust OLS estimationa) – top 10 per cent https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-homoscedastic-probit-estimation-top-10-per-cent-3p351jg1.png Table 5: Homoscedastic probit estimation – top 10 per cent Birch Index https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-homoscedastic-probit-estimation-top-10-per-cent-2trtfxme.png Table 4: Homoscedastic probit estimation – top 10 per cent https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-heteroscedasticity-and-normality-tests-2x8dmw6e.png Table 3: Heteroscedasticity and normality tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-robust-ols-estimationa-top-10-per-cent-birch-index-1lvhkaq6.png Table 7: Robust OLS estimationa) – top 10 per cent Birch Index https://scispace.com/papers/what-councillors-expect-of-facilitative-mayors-the-desired-33dp6xfps4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-leadership-styles-in-job-vacancy-texts-for-dutch-2e8c6txb.png Table 2. Leadership styles in job vacancy texts for Dutch mayors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-four-leadership-styles-in-the-dutch-ministrys-27asvfn5.png Figure 1. Four leadership styles in the Dutch ministry’s interpretation of the competing values framework https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-core-characteristics-in-job-vacancy-texts-for-dutch-2d1fw1ev.png Table 1. Core characteristics in job vacancy texts for Dutch mayors https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-competencies-in-job-vacancy-texts-for-dutch-mayors-559nf2ch.png Table 4. Competencies in job vacancy texts for Dutch mayors https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-leadership-styles-variations-in-job-vacancy-texts-ab81sfnt.png Table 3. Leadership styles variations in job vacancy texts for Dutch mayors https://scispace.com/papers/what-caused-the-significant-increase-in-atlantic-ocean-heat-4gntyek245 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-time-averaged-amoc-during-1979-2008-and-b-time-3kroofsp.png Figure 2. (a) Time‐averaged AMOC during 1979–2008 and (b) time series of the simulated AMOC index (maximum overturning streamfunction) at 30°S obtained from EXP_ CTR. The green line in Figure 2b is obtained by performing a 11‐year running average to the AMOC index. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-simulated-atlantic-ocean-heat-content-change-in-2qd0n4xb.png Figure 1. (a) Simulated Atlantic Ocean heat content change in the upper 700 m in reference to the 1871–1900 baseline period obtained from the four model experiments. The thick black line in Figure 1a is the observed heat content of the Atlantic Ocean, which is recomputed from Levitus et al. [2009] for the Atlantic basin from 30°S to 75°N. (b) Simulated heat budget terms for the Atlantic Ocean obtained from EXP_CTR, all referenced to the 1871–1900 baseline period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-simulated-pathways-of-the-northward-heat-15809gcu.png Figure 3. (a) Simulated pathways of the northward heat transport (contours) and heat transport vector (vectors) in the upper 3000 m for 1979–2008 obtained from EXP_CTR. The unit is 1 × 109 W/m. (b) Differences in the simulated northward heat transport (contours) and heat transport vector (vectors) between 1979–2008 and 1871–1900 periods, obtained from EXP_CTR. Red color indicates northward heat transport, while blue color indicates southward heat transport. (c) Globally averaged zonal wind stress for 1871–1900 and for 1979–2008 periods, obtained from the 20CR. https://scispace.com/papers/what-determines-forest-litter-decomposition-global-trends-1uhgwwsg0c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-three-dimensional-representations-of-the-two-2fwalehf.png Figure 1. Three-dimensional representations of the two decomposition models relating the decomposition rate (% decomposed in a year) to the lignin concentration in litter and actual evapotranspiration (AET). https://scispace.com/papers/what-difference-does-a-country-make-earnings-by-soviets-in-206dn439aa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-and-standard-deviation-of-the-variables-2iemgw99.png Table 2 Means and Standard Deviation of the Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-distribution-of-monthly-household-income-3ddh8izo.png Table 1 The Distribution of Monthly Household Income https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-results-from-sip-133ksh5m.png Table 4 Regression Results from SIP https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-results-from-sip-and-1990-u-s-census-2ikyjg80.png Table 3 Regression Results from SIP and 1990 U.S. Census https://scispace.com/papers/what-do-aggregate-saving-rates-not-show-3kcnyneggb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-balance-sheets-and-changes-in-the-economys-net-worth-1pbyid97.png Table 2. Balance sheets and changes in the economy’s net worth and money stock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulation-results-for-experiment-2-blue-benchmark-wz159zob.png Figure 3. Simulation results for Experiment 2 (blue = benchmark, red = experiment) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulation-results-for-experiment-1-blue-benchmark-37zm5eqi.png Figure 2. Simulation results for Experiment 1 (blue = benchmark, red = experiment) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simulated-series-annual-averages-18ysnhlp.png Figure 1. Simulated series (annual averages) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameters-of-the-model-description-parameter-value-52bcforu.png Table 3. Parameters of the model Description Parameter Value https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-flows-of-funds-and-aggregate-saving-determination-1k0m4oue.png Table 1. Flows of funds and aggregate saving determination https://scispace.com/papers/what-do-family-caregivers-of-alzheimer-s-disease-patients-5b79okce99 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-the-questionnaire-2oqwunhh.png Table 1: Composition of the questionnaire https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-distribution-of-answers-to-the-14-vst-1zv8sycr.png Figure 2: Mean distribution of answers to the 14 VST questions “Would this technology be helpful to you?” along with three extreme answer distributions: personal pocket videoconferencing (Q. 26), tracking device (Q. 28), and device providing oral cooking advice (Q. 34) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentages-of-answers-to-the-14-vst-questions-would-2jo09tmk.png Table 2: Percentages of answers to the 14 VST questions “Would this technology be helpful to you?” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-caregivers-left-and-patients-right-age-distribution-1kbl3opy.png Figure 1: Caregivers' (left) and patients' (right) age distribution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-clustering-of-caregivers-0-not-at-all-1-little-2-28lpsuy3.png Figure 3: Clustering of caregivers (0 ≡ not at all, 1 ≡ little, 2 ≡ moderately, 3 ≡ very much). The map shows the distribution of the answers to the 14 VST variables (N=90, questionnaires with a missing answer to at least one VST question were ignored, 23.47% of the total variance is “explained” by the map) https://scispace.com/papers/what-do-they-do-competency-and-managing-in-brazilian-olympic-4csbt5qjc2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-characteristics-of-brazilian-osf-and-their-33pi6wh6.png Table 1. Selected characteristics of Brazilian OSF and their presidents. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-real-and-ideal-competencies-of-brazilian-presidents-2koq4uy3.png Table 2. Real and ideal competencies of Brazilian presidents of OSF. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-management-postures-roles-planes-and-competencies-of-4lo4ep4p.png Table 3. Management postures, roles, planes and competencies of Brazilian OSF’s presidents. https://scispace.com/papers/what-do-iris-observations-of-mg-ii-k-tell-us-about-the-solar-1qfiho4d55 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sensitivity-of-the-emergent-lines-to-variations-in-1jr2epfg.png Figure 5. Sensitivity of the emergent lines to variations in a 1D static plage atmosphere model. This figure follows the same format as Figure 4. Top row: variation in chromospheric microturbulence. Bottom row: variation in column mass of the chromospheric temperature increase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-iris-observations-of-ar-12104-in-the-wing-of-the-mg-1y1bwlhy.png Figure 1. IRIS observations of AR 12104 in the wing of the Mg II k line (a), at the Mg II k core (k3) (b), and in the subordinate Mg II blend at 279.88 nm (c). Typical plage Mg II k profiles are shown in (d) for the diamond locations in (a), with non-plage Mg II k profiles in (e) for the star locations in (b). Sample plage profiles of the subordinate Mg II 279.88 nm blend are in (f) for the same diamond locations as in (a). Full field-of-view average profile as dashed line in panels (d)–(f). Light blue contours in (c) show where the subordinate blend is in emission; the full black line in (f) is an example profile at the black square location in (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-correlations-and-comparisons-between-various-mg-ii-2bv2pcvi.png Figure 2. Correlations and comparisons between various Mg II k profile parameters and SST and SDO/AIA observables. Top row: Mg II k2 (a) and Mg II k3 (b) of AR 12139, the difference between k2 and k3 (c) and AIA 19.3 nm (d). Bottom row: Mg II k3 intensity of a small plage region of AR 12080 (IRIS, (e)), Hα line core (SST, (f)), Ca II 854.2 line core (SST, (g)), and AIA 19.3 nm (SDO, (h)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ar-12187-observables-a-intensity-at-280-nm-gxp3z6hh.png Figure 3. AR 12187 observables: (a) intensity at 280 nm (photospheric context); (b) 1/e width of a single-Gaussian fit to the O I 135.6 nm line. (c) 1/e width of single-Gaussian fit to the outer wings of Mg II k (core between k2 peaks excluded), (d) mean intensity of Mg II k2 peaks (or maximum intensity for single peaks), (e) difference between peak intensity of the Mg II k line and k3 central depression, (f) peak separation between Mg II k2 peaks, (g) histogram of 1/e widths of O I135.6 nm (black) and Mg II k line wing fit (red) for the full field of view (dashed) and plage (solid), (h) histogram of the radiation temperature of the Mg II k2 peaks for the full field of view (dashed) and plage area (solid). All intensities are in radiation temperature. Green contours in panels (a)–(f) show the plage region, with ranges for the color table in the lower right corner. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sensitivity-of-the-emergent-mg-ii-k-line-to-1zg09q3u.png Figure 4. Sensitivity of the emergent Mg II k line to variations in a 1D static plage atmosphere model. Top row: (a) best-fit model atmosphere (red) as function of column mass. Curves in shades of gray show variations of the column mass of the TR. (b) Emergent Mg II k line-core profile from the best-fit atmosphere (red) and the variations shown in the panel on the left (corresponding shades of gray). The average plage profile from the IRIS observations is shown in blue. The outer minima are photospheric lines from different elements than Mg that are not included in the modeling. (c) Same as (b), but now for the two subordinate lines at 279.875 nm and 279.882 nm. Bottom row: same as the top row, but now for variations in the temperature of the chromospheric plateau. https://scispace.com/papers/what-do-we-know-about-dna-mechanics-so-far-58t2kh0983 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2hagq0fc.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-10uad8aa.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-38apghth.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/what-does-europe-pay-for-clean-energy-review-of-3mywuc25sf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-environmental-effects-and-macroeconomic-costs-of-32thra7m.png Table 3 Environmental effects and macroeconomic costs of policy measures in the transport sector compared to BAU https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-environmental-effects-and-macroeconomic-costs-of-2p4x6hhn.png Table 4 Environmental effects and macroeconomic costs of policy measures to promote renewable energy sources compared to BAU https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-environmental-effects-and-macroeconomic-costs-of-dlx8enpd.png Table 2 Environmental effects and macroeconomic costs of energy taxes compared to BAU https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-environmental-effects-and-macroeconomic-costs-of-the-2g8oeld5.png Table 1 Environmental effects and macroeconomic costs of the EU ETS compared to BAU https://scispace.com/papers/what-does-trauma-have-to-do-with-politics-cultural-trauma-d41bm3iv7c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-details-about-founding-political-elites-in-3rsgl9wx.png TABLE 1 – KEY DETAILS ABOUT FOUNDING POLITICAL ELITES IN TURKEY AND ISRAEL https://scispace.com/papers/what-drives-export-performance-of-firms-in-eastern-and-5kcit7hqkt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimation-results-18wgtdy2.png Table 4. Estimation results https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-of-binary-variables-1yogeh8x.png Table 2. Summary statistics of binary variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pearson-cross-correlation-coefficients-full-sample-39c431iw.png Table 3. Pearson cross-correlation coefficients – full sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-interval-continuous-1ik4vbmq.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics of interval (continuous) variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-exports-per-employee-in-polish-voivodships-2zla4hv3.png Figure 1. Exports per employee in Polish voivodships https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-regional-business-demographics-indices-in-poland-in-1bwhz8m7.png Figure 2. Regional business demographics indices in Poland in 2014 https://scispace.com/papers/what-drives-political-consumption-in-europe-a-multi-level-53l0nc30u0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-unstandardized-regression-coefficients-of-logistic-1bdvkf1j.png Table 1. Unstandardized regression coefficients of logistic multi-level models (micro level) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predicted-probabilities-of-positive-buying-by-self-121tz60t.png Figure 2. Predicted probabilities of positive buying by self-transcendence values and national affluence Source: ESS 2002/2003; author calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-respondents-who-participated-in-positive-buying-or-xilzpdow.png Figure 1. Respondents who participated in positive buying or boycotting of products in the past 12 months (% yes answers) Source: ESS 2002/2003; own calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-predicted-probabilities-of-boycotting-by-self-ekt0phc6.png Figure 3. Predicted probabilities of boycotting by self-transcendence values and national affluence Source: ESS 2002/2003; author calculations. https://scispace.com/papers/what-every-mathematician-should-know-about-standards-based-292i0x2d1w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graph-of-p01-x-1-1-e-x-h2m2xmvf.png Figure 1. Graph of p0,1(x) = 1/(1+ e−x ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-june-2003-test-b-values-versus-p-scores-based-on-33q6n2et.png Figure 3. June 2003 test b-values versus p-scores, based on 2002 field tests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-june-1999-test-b-values-versus-p-scores-based-on-1gu9dgqx.png Figure 2. June 1999 test b-values versus p-scores, based on 1998 field tests. https://scispace.com/papers/what-drives-urban-consumption-in-mainland-china-the-role-of-4sryk737b0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-long-run-estimates-of-consumption-equation-2nembyj2.png Table 1: Long-Run Estimates of Consumption Equation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optimal-c-h-ratio-depending-on-g-and-iyhb7u8v.png Figure 3: Optimal c/h-Ratio Depending on g and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-characterising-house-price-dynamics-203dfns2.png Figure 1: Characterising House Price Dynamics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optimal-c-h-ratio-depending-on-and-2edqascn.png Figure 2: Optimal c/h-Ratio Depending on and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-thirty-five-major-chinese-housing-markets-377fll5c.png Figure 4: Thirty-Five Major Chinese Housing Markets https://scispace.com/papers/what-factors-influence-the-occurrence-of-cubitermes-1val0l33st 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-boxplots-showing-the-median-tree-densities-heavy-2blrnq1c.png Fig. 1. Boxplots showing the median tree densities (heavy horizontal lines in the boxes) in 196 sites of Rumonge Forest where C. pallidiceps was respectively absent and present. The upper 197 and lower edges of the boxes represent the first and third quartiles. 198 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-regression-coefficients-estimates-associated-with-the-1wt9hmjy.png Fig. 3. Regression coefficients estimates associated with the corrected model (circle symbols) 242 and the uncorrected model (square symbols). Symbols in black, gray and white indicate 243 significant (P < 0.05), nearly significant (0.1 ≥ P ≥ 0.05), and non-significant values (P > 244 0.1), respectively. 245 246 The positive regression coefficients associated to the soil content in sand and clay, and 247 the MEM14 variable indicate that those variables would favour the presence of C. pallidiceps 248 in the Rumonge Forest. On the other hand, the negative regression coefficients associated to 249 elevation, MEM2, MEM9 and MEM86 variables indicate that those variables would impede 250 C. pallidiceps establishment in the area. Since the 107 MEM variables were generated and 251 numbered from large to small-scale patterns, the four significant spatial variables reflects 252 rather coarse patterns, except for MEM86. Soil pH and organic matter content seemed to have 253 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-principal-component-analysis-of-the-soil-physico-m9pm2tmx.png Fig. 2. Principal Component Analysis of the soil physico-chemical variables and elevation for 226 the 18 sites studied. Above and below graphs respectively represent the projection graphs of 227 the active variables (quantitative and measured variables) and the complementary variables 228 (qualitative variables) in the factorial plane. The sites studied were described each with 6 soil 229 samples. Full and open symbols indicate C. pallidiceps presence and absence, respectively. 230 The meaning of the codes and other details corresponding to the sites can be found in Table 231 S1. 232 https://scispace.com/papers/what-explains-the-low-profitability-of-chinese-banks-gactiaa4v3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-international-comparison-of-performance-measures-1t3fvznq.png Table 1. International comparison of performance measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-for-pre-tax-roa-1nshsdad.png Table 3. Results for pre-tax ROA https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-for-pre-provision-profit-over-assets-3ftj6m49.png Table 2. Results for pre-provision profit over assets https://scispace.com/papers/what-firms-make-vs-what-they-know-how-firms-production-and-1vxichj6ca 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-secondary-data-used-for-the-study-25bxkw2x.png Table 1 Description of the Secondary Data Used for the Study https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-second-stage-regression-results-for-the-firms-log-1sapo2b8.png Table 5 Second Stage Regression Results for the Firm’s Log (Timing of Innovation) a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-firms-timing-of-dram-innovation-as-a-function-of-t0pc34y5.png Figure 3 Firm’s timing of DRAM innovation as a function of its governance strategy for mask, its knowledge of mask and resist, and the nature of technological change. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-and-correlations-npey64sf.png Table 4 Descriptive Statistics and Correlations https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-probit-estimates-for-first-stage-governance-choice-sunmuc29.png Table 3 Probit Estimates for First-stage Governance Choice Model for Mask (Buy=1, Make=0) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-changes-in-lithography-technology-for-each-dram-ssuljwvg.png Table 2 Changes in Lithography Technology for Each DRAM Generation and the Nature of Technological Change https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schema-of-the-semiconductor-lithography-technology-1fmi9i63.png Figure 1 Schema of the Semiconductor Lithography Technology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-introduction-of-new-dram-generations-the-minimum-2f7ozirv.png Figure 2 Introduction of New DRAM Generations, the Minimum Feature Size and Growth in the DRAM Market. https://scispace.com/papers/what-good-s-a-text-textuality-orality-and-mathematical-4dspizadhh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-zhoujiatai-tomb-30-shihuang-34-213-bce-calendar-32ud2pwo.png Figure 4: Zhoujiatai tomb 30 Shihuang 34 (213 BCE) calendar https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wu-xing-zhan-wu-xing-zhan-dimensions-and-textual-b2dprbq7.png Figure 1: Wu xing zhan 五星占 dimensions and textual units https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-yuelu-academy-sasi-nian-zhiri-sa-si-nian-zhi-ri-13w8i43k.png Figure 3: Yuelu Academy Sasi nian zhiri 卅四年質日 Shihuang 34 (213 BCE) calendar https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-wu-xing-zhan-saturn-table-calligraphy-1507awka.png Figure 2: Wu xing zhan Saturn table calligraphy https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-wu-xing-zhan-venus-model-1nsmdphh.png Table 1: Wu xing zhan Venus model https://scispace.com/papers/what-happened-at-home-with-art-tracing-the-experience-of-28ith5m3wv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-respondents-interview-details-1n2hnjoj.png Table 1: Summary of respondents & interview details https://scispace.com/papers/what-happened-to-the-east-german-housing-market-a-historical-1e2cwr34hs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dynamics-in-the-east-german-housing-market-1991-to-2u6nbg2j.png Figure 1: Dynamics in the East German housing market - 1991 to 2008 - https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-short-run-policy-effects-crash-and-long-run-31d0aw23.png Figure 6: Short run policy effects, crash and long run equilibrium in the late 1990s - 1997 to 2001 - https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-history-of-housing-subsidies-in-east-germany-since-17b3khdy.png Figure 3: History of housing subsidies in East Germany since 1990 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-housing-subsidies-for-east-germany-since-1990-grants-1xfxm2xo.png Table 1: Housing Subsidies for East Germany since 1990 - Grants and subsidies offered by the federal government in billion Euros - https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-short-run-policy-effects-boom-and-long-run-to72qm7v.png Figure 5: Short run policy effects, boom and long run equilibrium in the early 1990s - 1990 to 1996 - https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-short-run-policy-effects-stabilization-and-long-run-1el7zs4t.png Figure 8: Short run policy effects, stabilization and long run equilibrium since 2001 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fundamental-framework-of-the-four-quadrant-model-2hjkxr00.png Figure 2: Fundamental Framework of the four-quadrant Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-long-run-equilibrium-and-short-run-effects-after-3jbwlpmc.png Figure 4: Long run equilibrium and short run effects after reunification - 1990 - https://scispace.com/papers/what-happened-to-mirror-neurons-1minpvtip0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-papers-published-per-year-from-1996-2019-2emlljko.png Figure 1. Number of papers published per year from 1996-2019 including the term “mirror neuron” in the title, abstract, or keywords. Data from Scopus, 12th May 2020. https://scispace.com/papers/what-fraction-of-the-outer-radiation-belt-relativistic-585uyg1tbg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rbsp-electron-flux-from-relativistic-electron-2u5knqal.png Figure 4. RBSP electron flux from relativistic electron proton telescope (REPT) for (a) 2.0, (b) 3.6, and (c) 4.2 MeV flux for whole month of March 2015; (d) 2.0, (e) 3.6, and (f) 4.2 MeV flux for 17 and 18 March 2015. RBSP electron flux from MagEIS for (g) 226.1, (h) 464.4, and (i) 741.6 keV flux for whole month of March 2015; and (j) 226.1, (k) 464.4, and (l) 741.6 keV flux for 17 and 18 March 2015. The vertical black lines represent the duration of VLF perturbations analyzed in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-d-region-electron-number-density-profiles-during-2g0jn1wp.png Figure 8. D‐region electron number density profiles during the dropout event of 17 March 2015. The black line represents the ambient nighttime profile, while the heavy dashed blue line is the disturbedWait ionosphere (β = 0.35, H' = 80 km) inferred from the VLF observations. Lighter blue, green, and red lines are the best‐fitting electron densities profiles produced by the EEP modeling determined from Van Allen Probes data for different flux levels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interplanetary-conditions-measured-during-the-95wnjne4.png Figure 1. Interplanetary conditions measured during the period of interest in our study. This plot shows Wind observations representing solar wind speed (Vsw), density (n), pressure (Psw), temperature (T), IMF Bz, SYM‐H, and ASY‐H. The vertical black line represents the sudden storm commencement (SSC) which occurred at 04:45 UT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-panels-a-e-rbsp-a-pitch-angle-distributions-for-a-q99e8e3c.png Figure 5. (panels a–e) RBSP‐A pitch angle distributions for a range of relativistic electron energies at 07:21 UT at L = 4 on 17 March 2015. Labels indicate the n parameter fit (using sinnα) to the observations. Panel f shows the power law energy spectrum at 900 and 150 pitch angles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-variation-of-the-lwpc-modeled-amplitude-and-phase-1ugeyccz.png Figure 7. Variation of the LWPC modeled amplitude and phase of VLF signals as a function of the reference height (H/) for varying sharpness factor (β) for the paths: NAA‐SEA, NAA‐EDM, NML‐STJ, and NML‐EDM. Observed perturbation levels on each path are indicated by horizontal dot‐dashed lines, while the inferred H/ solution is shown by a vertical line. The green boxes indicate the uncertainty in perturbation level and thus the H/ solution due to uncertainty in the initial QDC levels (see text for more details). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-vlf-amplitude-left-hand-column-and-phase-right-hand-2nalfo2b.png Figure 6. VLF amplitude (left‐hand column) and phase (right‐hand column) for the four paths studied (black lines). Panel (a) shows the data for 0–24 UT on 17 March 2015. Panel (b) shows the 6–9 UT period in more detail. Each individual path is identified on the left‐hand side of the row. The red curves represent the signal observed on a representative nondisturbed day (marked as the “quiet day curve” (QDC)). Here the blue asterisks show the results of the LWPCmodeling to reproduce the undisturbed QDC observations. Vertical black lines represent the duration over which average of the signal is taken. Horizontal green lines in panel (a) represents an estimate of the uncertainty in the pre‐event amplitude and phase levels for 3 hours prior to the start time (see text for more details). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-locations-of-vlf-transmitters-naa-and-nml-and-vcm8snug.png Figure 2. Locations of VLF transmitters, NAA, and NML and receivers Seattle (SEA), St. John's (STJ), and Edmonton (ED), respectively, along with great circle paths and L = 3, 4, 5 contours. The magenta and green dots represent the ionospheric footprints of RBSP‐A and RBSP‐B at t1 = 6:30 UT and t2 = 8:30 UT, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-poes-p6-trapped-90-deg-and-blc-0-deg-fluxes-during-1bmts8hx.png Figure 3. POES P6 trapped (90‐deg) and BLC (0‐deg) fluxes during 17 March 2015. The color bar shows the logarithm of the flux (for electron energy>700 keV), while the vertical dotted lines indicate the start and end times of the dropout event, and the horizontal red lines indicate the L‐shell range of the VLF paths shown in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/papers/what-happens-after-the-central-bank-of-brazil-increases-the-6llyrg2c9n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impulse-response-functions-var-in-first-differences-1huworet.png Figure 4: Impulse-Response Functions, VAR in First Differences https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-variance-decomposition-model-in-log-leveis-1uy9d3ov.png Figure 5: Variance Decomposition, Model in Log LeveIs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-impuise-response-functions-var-in-leveis-with-a-2hrnt0xj.png Figure 3: ImpuIse-Response Functions, VAR in LeveIs With a Trend https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-impuise-response-f-mctions-var-in-leveis-without-a-vpc3weax.png Figure 2: ImpuIse-Response F\mctions, VAR in LeveIs Without a Trend https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-response-gdp-and-interest-rate-response-to-a-1-1h5srlq4.png Figure 6: Response GDP and Interest-Rate Response to a 1 % Increase of the Target Interest Rate, Subsample 1994:2-2004:2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-variance-decoposition-model-in-log-leveis-subsample-n2i4jzd3.png Figure 7: Variance Decoposition, Model in Log LeveIs, Subsample 1994:2- 2004:2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-response-of-reserves-and-interest-rates-to-a-me1yzxdp.png Figure 1: Response of Reserves and Interest Rates to a Unanticipated 0.5% In~rease in the Targe Rate https://scispace.com/papers/what-happens-when-a-woman-wins-an-election-evidence-from-4hs6wzjzd3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-balance-tests-mayoral-characteristics-rafvp4m2.png Figure 4: Balance Tests – Mayoral Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-impact-of-gender-male-mayors-on-public-employees-1wm6r895.png Table 6: The impact of gender (male mayors) on public employees, RDD estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mayor-and-city-characteristics-by-gender-mixed-races-1ksf9con.png Table 1: Mayor and City Characteristics by Gender: Mixed Races vs Other Races https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-balance-tests-municipal-characteristics-2acau29o.png Figure 2: Balance Tests – Municipal Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-balance-tests-municipal-characteristics-1c7xjgfp.png Figure 1: Balance tests – Municipal characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-outcomes-mixed-races-vs-other-17s2hzql.png Table 2: Summary Statistics: Outcomes – Mixed Races vs Other Races https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-effects-of-gender-on-electoral-outcomes-and-on-1neoulse.png Figure 6: The Effects of Gender on Electoral Outcomes and on the Number of Permanent and Temporary Public Employees https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-impact-of-gender-on-electoral-outcomes-rdd-16le8yz5.png Table 5: The impact of gender on electoral outcomes, RDD estimates https://scispace.com/papers/what-has-to-be-learnt-for-sustainability-a-comparison-of-42onq6fhjk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-attitudes-competence-analysis-keyword-dut-kta-upc-kt-2353fmg2.png Table 3 Attitudes competence analysis Keyword DUT KTa UPC KT Chalmers KT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-knowledge-and-understanding-competence-levels-of-2qomjmcl.png Fig. 1 Knowledge and understanding competence levels of learning https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-skills-and-abilities-competence-analysis-keyword-dut-2qrs3d7z.png Table 2 Skills and abilities competence analysis Keyword DUT BTa UPC BT Chalmers BT https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-knowledge-and-understanding-competence-analysis-35gelbcf.png Table 1 Knowledge and understanding competence analysis Keyword DUT BTa UPC BT Chalmers BT https://scispace.com/papers/what-has-been-the-impact-of-covid-19-on-safety-culture-2gtonshah9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-quantile-regression-of-saq-scores-during-the-covid-1jixo9k6.png Table 2. Cont. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-incident-reporting-year-to-date-figure-3-incident-a66a08ax.png Figure 3. Incident Reporting Year to Date. Figure 3. Incident Reporting Year to ate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cont-1tl9d2es.png Table 2. Cont. https://scispace.com/papers/what-if-wages-fell-during-a-recession-1mx30qklmi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-instances-of-nominal-wage-cuts-by-loss-averse-2yaecv37.png Figure 7: Instances of Nominal Wage Cuts by Loss Averse Employers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparing-e-ort-after-a-nominal-wage-cut-columns-2grezqzh.png Figure 6: Comparing E↵ort after a Nominal Wage Cut, Columns show mean +/- S.E.M. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-firm-profit-before-and-after-a-recession-3ih9mqsd.png Figure 3: Firm Profit Before and After a Recession https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-e-ort-of-workers-round-4-5-3a2k36cx.png Table 1: E↵ort of Workers Round 4-5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-e-ect-of-loss-aversion-on-likelihood-of-cutting-13cuy64n.png Table 4: E↵ect of Loss Aversion on Likelihood of Cutting Nominal Wages https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-actual-and-predicted-parameters-of-the-e-ort-24837bw8.png Table 3: Actual and Predicted Parameters of the E↵ort Function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-e-ort-in-round-4-by-real-wage-2z23rmz6.png Figure 4: E↵ort in Round 4 by Real Wage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-timeline-of-parameters-in-each-treatment-26xdafn7.png Figure 1: Timeline of Parameters in each Treatment https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-known-about-community-pharmacy-supply-of-naloxone-a-53s5n9qxqh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pharmacy-models-of-naloxone-supply-1pwyjggg.png Table 2 - Pharmacy models of naloxone supply https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-search-terms-and-strategy-3eakbuzb.png Figure 1 Search Terms and Strategy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flowchart-for-inclusion-and-exclusion-of-literature-15vokv5q.png Figure 2 Flowchart for inclusion and exclusion of literature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-eligibility-for-patient-participation-in-gentxuq0.png Figure 3 Eligibility for patient participation in Collaborative Pharmacy Practice Agreements (CPAN) https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-memory-aging-the-aging-of-kz3857fqrn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-26-continued-35j8usn1.png Table 26 Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-continued-20kw3z0r.png Table 8 Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1hlmyhzj.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-38-continued-1eu5ymv0.png Table 38 Continued https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-mean-predictions-of-memory-performance-by-males-ug1ziya8.png Figure 17. Mean Predictions of Memory Performance by Males and Females in Each Age x Education Group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-memory-metamemory-relationshi-ps-3a5pdzvd.png Figure 3. Memory - Metamemory Relationshi ps https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-mean-predictions-for-general-information-658rhqcd.png Figure 24. Mean Predictions for General Information Recognition by Males and Percales in Each Age Group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hypothetical-developmental-functions-of-three-h4g76lg8.png Figure 4. Hypothetical Developmental Functions of Three Cohort Groups https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-meant-by-replication-and-why-does-it-encounter-1n04l376zm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-replications-across-economics-14ltncqb.png Table 1—Distribution of Replications across Economics Journals https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-economics-journals-that-regularly-publish-data-and-bcbukczq.png Table 2—Economics Journals that Regularly Publish Data and Code https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-mixed-reality-anyway-considering-the-boundaries-of-tamovzt3nn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-thought-crumbs-in-this-case-a-robot-leaves-behind-a-2i9l0k1l.png Fig. 2. Thought crumbs, in this case a robot leaves behind a note that a person can see, modify, or interact with later https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bubblegrams-1eg6jxcy.png Fig. 1. Bubblegrams https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rfid-thought-crumbs-implementation-eth6sf47.png Fig. 4. RFID Thought Crumbs implementation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bubblegrams-see-through-device-implementation-2hgfsys0.png Fig. 3. Bubblegrams see-through device implementation https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-optimal-wound-management-to-prevent-infection-in-non-mogt5qr0xi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-included-studies-2nfdtqtd.png Table 1 Overview of included studies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prisma-flow-diagram-demonstrating-the-search-1milcst6.png Figure 1 PRISMA flow diagram demonstrating the search strategy for the review. https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-retirement-a-review-and-assessment-of-alternative-2jn407q8qc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-alternative-measures-of-retirement-qjaypjbm.png Table 1: Alternative Measures of 'Retirement' https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-transitions-to-retirement-1jwbqbnn.png Figure 1: Transitions to Retirement https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-the-business-of-business-2buazg52pa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-this-figure-explores-changes-in-the-optimal-level-14k8ro47.png Figure 5: This figure explores changes in the optimal level of CSR produced by corporations when the business model for charities changes. The illustrates the interconnectedness of different members of an (S, F ) ecosystem. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-this-figure-contrasts-alternative-regulatory-32q9djc5.png Figure 6: This figure contrasts alternative regulatory strategies. A regulatory policy that prohibits firms from producing below a certain level of social output generates the horizontal dashed line. A regulatory policy that subsidizes social innovation expands the business model for corporations outward. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-this-figure-depicts-alternative-business-models-for-3stcx00m.png Figure 1: This figure depicts alternative business models for businesses and charities. The lines and curves in orange represent alternative business models that are available to charitable organizations. The fact that they slope downward reflects their ability to sacrifice social output, S, to increase financial output, F . The lines and curves in blue represent those available to businesses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-this-dashed-line-in-this-figure-depicts-the-1pzax9uq.png Figure 2: This dashed line in this figure depicts the tradeoffs available to an investor who optimally chooses between a pure-play charity and a pure-play corporation. The “X” marks on the line represent potential allocations of overall investment to S and F , with the upper “X” representing a high social output allocation and the lower “X” representing a low social output allocation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-original-dashed-line-from-figure-2-is-no-longer-3b2rg70u.png Figure 3: The original dashed line from figure 2 is no longer optimal because it is dominated by combinations of points that lie along the regions of business models B and D that lie above that dashed line. The new “X” marks denote the approximate behaviors of hybrid organizations, a CSR-oriented corporation and a profit-minded charity. The optimality of these points is given by the fact that they represent the endpoints of the highest line connecting the two business models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-new-dashed-line-in-bold-orange-dominates-the-2lk2wbpw.png Figure 4: The new dashed line, in bold orange, dominates the original line from figure 2. It connects the two optimal “X” marks from Figure 3. https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-the-correct-cost-functional-for-variational-data-z8v6g3ajh0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-plot-shows-the-event-that-the-solution-xt-t-i-of-31cmwc5i.png Fig. 1 The plot shows the event that the solution {Xt, t ∈ I} of the SDE (7) (thin solid line) falls entirely into a small strip of width ǫ around the reference trajectory {zt, t ∈ I} (thick solid line). The strip is indicated with dashed lines. (Note that this is a schematic sketch rather than an actual simulation.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-around-20-simulations-of-the-sde-7-with-f-x-2-p-arctan-1vcezhow.png Fig. 2 Around 20 simulations of the SDE (7) with f(x) = 2 π arctan(ax) and a = 6 and ρ = 0.3 are shown in grey, obtained with an Euler scheme with ∆ = 1.14 · 10−4. The two solid lines represent the most probable trajectories according to the Onsager–Machlup functional, and the dashed line represents the most probable trajectory according to the energy functional. It is evident that simulations are more likely to accumulate around the former. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-o-weight-a-o-as-a-function-of-o-for-several-values-1r6hijju.png Fig. 3 The ǫ–weight α(ǫ,∆) as a function of ǫ for several values of ∆. The abscissa shows log(( ǫ ρ )2). (See text for the reason for this scaling.) The values for log(∆) are -13.7 (▽), -10.5 (△), -9.1 (♦), -5.9 ( ), -4.5 (©). The solid lines represent results for a shorter time window T = 0.2, while the dashed lines represent results for T = 0.4. https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-the-natural-history-of-asymptomatic-pseudotumours-in-4pu8wk7a72 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-natural-history-of-asymptomatic-pseudotumours-in-3llhh1nz.png Table II Natural history of asymptomatic pseudotumours in metal-on-metal hip resurfacing patients (n=10) assessed using repeat ultrasound examination https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-factors-from-the-initial-assessment-associated-3s8q3kwu.png Table III Factors from the initial assessment associated with the need for subsequent revision surgery in patients with asymptomatic pseudotumours https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-diagnostic-test-characteristics-using-results-from-pek9j429.png Table IV Diagnostic test characteristics using results from the initial assessment to identify asymptomatic pseudotumour patients subsequently requiring revision surgery https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-details-of-asymptomatic-pseudotumours-in-metal-on-y215fen2.png Table I Details of asymptomatic pseudotumours in metal-on-metal hip resurfacing patients requiring revision surgery (n=14) https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-the-extent-of-covid-19-vaccine-hesitancy-in-3wyd42cu7o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-univariate-analysis-sociodemographic-characteristics-j2hmp87n.png Table 1 Univariate analysis- Sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19 threat, and vaccine hesitancy https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multiple-logistic-regression-predictors-of-vaccine-37wysm40.png Table 2 Multiple logistic regression- predictors of vaccine hesitancy in study participants https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-the-optimal-number-of-researchers-for-social-science-4uqigojpb2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-the-kruskal-wallis-test-to-compare-the-mzv7e3t2.png Table 1: Results of the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the citation impact of articles published in 2007 with different numbers of authors. In each column, an equals sign indicates no evidence of a difference in citations for articles written by the two stated numbers of authors. An inequality < indicates that articles written by the first number of authors attracted significantly less citations than articles by the second number of authors. Letters are assigned to disciplines with the same set of column values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-ratio-of-citations-per-article-for-two-author-23z6e4af.png Table 2: The ratio of citations per article for two author articles to that for single author articles, by year. Discipline 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 Increase https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-the-most-effective-rehabilitation-method-for-53uhjqcwr0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-rank-heat-plot-identifies-hierarchy-of-multiple-q40ylcbv.png FIGURE 9. Rank-heat plot identifies hierarchy of multiple treatments for all outcomes. LI, long implant; LSFE, lateral sinus floor elevation; OSFE, osteotome sinus floor elevation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-network-geometry-for-outcome-of-implant-failure-li-3kqtfz5b.png FIGURE 2. Network geometry for outcome of implant failure. LI, long implant; LSFE, lateral sinus floor elevation; OSFE, osteotome sinus floor elevation; SI, short implant without augmentation. https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-the-predictive-value-of-mri-for-the-occurrence-of-3h7mu21tcn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-trend-in-knee-replacement-surgery-2000-9-selected-3fns4609.png Figure 3 Trend in knee replacement surgery, 2000–9, selected countries. Source: Health at a Glance. OECD 2011 (available at http:// dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932524811).69 OECD, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development includes 34 member countries (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, USA). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-59-year-old-woman-with-left-knee-pain-for-3-1512dbfi.png Figure 1 A 59-year-old woman with left knee pain for 3 months, with 1 week exacerbation. (A) Posteroanterior view of the left knee does not well delineate the tibiofemoral joint with tibial inter-rim margin exceeding 10 mm. (B) Repeat radiograph on the same day shows better delineation of the tibiofemoral joint and small lipping at the medial tibial plateau (arrow) and equivocal medial tibiofemoral joint space narrowing. Radiographic positioning is problematical in clinical trials and usually comparison between visits is made difficult secondary to change in appearance in tibiofemoral joint between visits. (C) Coronal intermediate-weighted MRI shows a medial meniscal root tear (white arrow) with associated meniscal subluxation (black arrowhead). (D) Sagittal intermediate-weighted MRI shows diffuse cartilage loss at the posterior medial femoral condyle (arrows) with subchondral cystic changes. There is also a small joint effusion (star). The radiograph will not show this notable cartilage change because it is posterior and not part of the weight-bearing tibiofemoral joint. (E) Coronal T2-weighted fat-suppressed MRI shows a large medial tibial bone marrow hyperintensity (arrows), which is not immediately subchondral (note the presence of normal bone marrow, shown as hypointensity, between the tibial surface and the upper border of the hyperintensity (star), suggesting that this is non-degenerative in nature. Also, degenerative bone marrow lesions should be accompanied by degenerative tibial cartilage loss, but that is not present in this case. The only visible cartilage abnormality is a small fissure at the medial weight-bearing femur (arrowhead). (F) Sagittal T2-weighted fat-suppressed MRI shows a faint hypointense line (arrow) within the large bone marrow hyperintensity representing a subchondral fracture. The large bone marrow hyperintensity is indeed a bone reaction to the subchondral fracture and not degenerative bone marrow lesion seen in osteoarthritis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-studies-exploring-the-predictive-value-of-mri-2kv0gca8.png Table 1 Studies exploring the predictive value of MRI parameters and knee replacement https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-the-relationship-between-long-working-hours-over-2cblgadlcz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-working-time-mismatch-by-usual-weekly-working-hours-yjjfp48u.png Table 1. Working time mismatch by usual weekly working hours in the BHPS https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-how-quickly-were-working-time-mismatches-resolved-145dowvw.png Table 2. How quickly were working time mismatches resolved? https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-associations-between-over-employment-and-under-2mvtrise.png Table 5. The associations between over-employment and under-employment and the subjective well-being of women: Fixed effects regression analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-associations-between-over-employment-and-under-2am34wzl.png Table 4. The associations between over-employment and under-employment and the subjective wellbeing of men: Fixed effects regression analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-distribution-of-subjective-well-being-measures-3obakgwy.png Table 3. The distribution of subjective well-being measures in the BHPS https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-the-role-of-institutional-investors-in-corporate-tjt7qr9091 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-institutional-investors-view-on-pecking-order-theory-22wtmul6.png Table 7. Institutional investors’ view on pecking order theory https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-survey-responses-on-the-role-of-investors-in-capital-3bilpkix.png Table 3. Survey responses on the role of investors in capital structure decisions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-respondents-role-in-decision-making-processes-2b83itss.png Table 2. Respondents’ role in decision-making processes https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-role-of-institutional-investors-in-capital-structure-1d2n31gh.png Table 4. Role of institutional investors in capital structure decisions https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-institutional-investors-view-on-market-timing-theory-3q5xtqc8.png Table 8. Institutional investors’ view on market timing theory https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-institutional-investors-view-on-static-trade-off-fk1mvpya.png Table 5. Institutional investors’ view on static trade-off theory https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-institutional-investors-view-on-financial-1sbgp9p4.png Table 9. Institutional investors’ view on financial constraints https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-determinants-of-institutional-investors-perceived-3su6pktp.png Table 6. Determinants of institutional investors’ perceived importance of capital structure https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-the-relationship-between-the-size-of-the-adenoids-48jg8nagl0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-assessment-of-the-risk-of-bias-nice-guidelines-5t1ob60h.png Table 2 Assessment of the risk of bias (NICE guidelines, appendix F). 1A-1 Was a consecutive or random sample of patients enrolled? / 1A-2: Was a case-control design avoided? / 1A-3: Did the study avoid inappropriate exclusions? / 1A-4: Could the selection of patients have introduced bias? / 1B: Is there concern that the included patients do not match the review question? / 2A1-Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard? / 2A2: If a threshold was used, was it pre-specified? / 2A3: Could the conduct or interpretation of the index test have introduced bias? / 2B1: Is there concern that the index test, its conduct, or interpretation differ from the review question? / 3A1: Is the reference standard likely to correctly classify the target condition? / 3A2: Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index test? / 3A3: Could the reference standard, its conduct, or its interpretation have introduced bias? / 3B1: Is there concern that the target condition as defined by the reference standard does not match the review question? https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-included-studies-na-not-1d2puyrx.png Table 1 - Description of the included studies. NA (not applicable). NR (not reported). AAR (anterior active rhinomanometry). PAR (posterior active rhinomanometry). ND (nasal decongestion) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prisma-flowchart-2-3-legend-for-tables-4-9pd1ny9c.png Figure 1: PRISMA flowchart 2 3 Legend for tables: 4 https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-the-relationship-between-unemployment-and-rape-pekmjqpkea 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-rape-and-gender-specific-measures-of-unemployment-1dimjxvo.png Table 4 - Rape and Gender-specific measures of unemployment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-by-quartiles-of-rape-rate-per-100000-m8at6t35.png Figure 1 – Map by quartiles of rape rate per 100,000 inhabitants in 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rape-and-unemployment-2kmd3ru2.png Table 3 – Rape and Unemployment https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-5p0fdpxm.png Table 2 - Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-correlation-matrix-3h0umyos.png Table A.1 - Correlation Matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definitions-and-sources-ryfsfs44.png Table 1 - Definitions and Sources https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-the-role-of-post-operative-physiotherapy-in-general-1wcs3lb3s5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-diagram-of-included-and-excluded-studies-1wldo0up.png Figure 1: Flow diagram of included and excluded studies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-search-strategy-for-capturing-relevant-articles-for-38zv7jpw.png Table 1: Search strategy for capturing relevant articles for review. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-table-of-publications-included-within-3io9a7fr.png Table 2: Summary table of publications included within analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-the-role-of-small-bowel-capsule-endoscopy-in-2dvplkoj2k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-of-factors-with-percentage-of-affected-1o76lycw.png Table 2: Correlation of factors with percentage of affected small bowel mucosa; https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-overall-severity-of-affected-small-bowel-mucosa-as-mhd9qaqc.png Table 3: Overall severity of affected small bowel mucosa as graded by the expert reviewers; https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sensitivity-specificity-positive-and-negative-1ni0qr2g.png Table 1: Sensitivity, Specificity, positive and negative predictive value of small bowel capsule endoscopy in patients with suspected, newly diagnosed and established coeliac disease; https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlation-of-factors-with-positive-negative-small-165db914.png Table 1: Sensitivity, Specificity, positive and negative predictive value of small bowel capsule endoscopy in patients with suspected, newly diagnosed and established coeliac disease; https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-features-of-coeliac-disease-in-the-proximal-mid-and-2lrqe7c1.png Table 2: Correlation of factors with percentage of affected small bowel mucosa; https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-the-safety-case-for-health-it-a-study-of-assurance-376ktcoqq0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-organisational-argument-381xdhnx.png Figure 5: Organisational Argument https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scci0129-scci0160-risk-management-activities-15-2tmvrofe.png Figure 1: SCCI0129/SCCI0160 Risk Management Activities [15] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-themes-representing-areas-of-strength-and-jb6ljsou.png Table 2: Summary of Themes, Representing Areas of Strength and Improvement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-risk-based-argument-structure-1swd10hk.png Figure 2: Risk-based Argument Structure https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-discussion-questions-1ky0h1iy.png Table 1: Discussion Questions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-risk-based-argument-pattern-annotated-with-areas-1h76jrw7.png Figure 4: Risk-based Argument Pattern, Annotated with Areas for Improvement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-workshop-participants-35bnu7v0.png Figure 3: Workshop Participants https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-the-ultimate-capability-of-acoustophoretic-40i2pc4oz9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-maximum-achievable-velocity-vmax-given-f-f-40khz-and-2hc0he3o.png FIG. 2: Maximum achievable velocity vmax, given f f = 40kHz and p0 = 5kPa. Empty regions in the figure represent invalid solutions i.e. vmax < 0, which can occur when the Fgrav or Fbuoy is greater than Frad . The empty regions in Fig. 2 to 4 are similarly regions with invalid solutions. Green lines indicate zero ARF. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-calculated-screen-size-of-1-1-raster-display-given-gk2kzqz4.png FIG. 4: Calculated screen size of 1:1 raster display given rendering frequency ( fr) of 10 Hz with acoustic frequency ( f f ) of 20 and 40 kHz and acoustic pressure amplitude (p0) of 5 and 25 kPa. The boundaries in purple indicate area where the total force exceeds 15% of the max(Fdrag,Finertia) (corresponding to an error in screen size between 3.77% and 10.4%, see supplementary material for detail). The red dashed box in the figure represents particles commonly used in acoustic levitation. Figure generated using tightplot26 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-maximum-achievable-particle-frequency-omaxp-given-f-f-3twr78p2.png FIG. 3: Maximum achievable particle frequency ωmaxp , given f f = 40kHz and p0 = 5kPa. The red line in the figure denotes the transition point between the regions limited by viscous drag or inertia, given fr =10 Hz. The green lines indicate zero ARF. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-parametric-study-looking-at-the-shift-of-maximum-2fc3cyf3.png FIG. 5: Parametric study looking at the shift of maximum screen size condition in the red box in Fig. 4. The lower graphs show the corresponding particle size and density require to achieve the top maximum screen size plot. https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-this-image-2018-image-1-result-39a5m8gys0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-discrepancies-in-maximal-ischemia-score-mis-and-2s4qjgad.png Table 1. Discrepancies in maximal ischemia score (MIS) and maximal necrosis score (MNS) during end-systolic and end-diastolic myocardial perfusion imaging https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-stress-rest-myocardial-perfusion-imaging-with-end-3hhizu7j.png Figure 6. Stress/rest myocardial perfusion imaging with end-diastolic gated acquisition, suggesting the presence of severe apical ischemia with minimal residual necrosis. The other abnormalities are also seen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-parametric-summary-of-prior-coronary-angiography-in-3b9e4yx1.png Figure 1. Parametric summary of prior coronary angiography (in brown), echocardiography (in green), ECG stress testing (in light blue), and ungated myocardial perfusion imaging details (in dark blue). The seven myocardial regions are summarized graphically for echocardiography (H, hypokinesis) and myocardial perfusion imaging (Mod, moderate defect; SH, severe hypokinesis), and the three main ECG axis as well (left top square: baseline QS; right top square: baseline ST-T changes; left bottom square: stress T changes; right bottom square: stress ST changes). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-3d-gated-imaging-in-the-right-anterior-oblique-and-2rkhjsyj.png Figure 8. 3D-gated imaging in the right anterior oblique and left anterior oblique projections, suggesting the presence of severe apical hypokinesis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-stress-rest-myocardial-perfusion-imaging-with-3ll5m3l1.png Figure 7. Stress/rest myocardial perfusion imaging with ungated acquisition, in bullseye and 3D reconstruction, suggesting the presence of moderate apical necrosis with minimal residual ischemia. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-image-as-presented-in-the-original-survey-8zz7g76i.png Figure 3. The image as presented in the original survey question (with two vertical panels obtained from selected slices of, from top to bottom, Figures 5 and 6, showing, respectively, end-systolic and end- diastolic stress/rest myocardial perfusion images). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ecg-at-baseline-and-during-peak-exercise-stress-3ik9kkr4.png Figure 2. ECG at baseline and during peak exercise stress test (respectively, left and right panel), showing baseline QS, with ST-T changes during stress which were not significant in comparison to baseline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-rest-myocardial-dyssynchrony-by-phase-analysis-1cfqlc2f.png Figure 9. Rest myocardial dyssynchrony by phase analysis, suggesting the presence of apical dyssynchrony. https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-your-couple-type-gender-ideology-housework-sharing-63fb41abrj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentage-distribution-of-couple-types-2ubbaw55.png Table 3: Percentage distribution of couple types https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-typology-of-couples-sngcefyx.png Table 2: A typology of couples https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-logit-regressions-the-impact-of-couple-type-on-a-new-21isqoo0.png Table 5: Logit regressions: The impact of couple type on a new birth https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-mean-or-frequency-of-model-zu4z55g2.png Table 4: Descriptive statistics. Mean or frequency of model covariates by country https://scispace.com/papers/what-leads-subjective-well-being-to-change-throughout-jeu4vqyp3y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-sample-by-gender-and-cohort-37gski32.png Table 2 Distribution of sample by gender and cohort https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regression-on-ols-for-satisfaction-with-different-10gfmt7i.png Table 6 Regression on OLS for satisfaction with different life domains, the satisfaction domains of the BMLSS, self-concept, core affects, social support and life optimism, boys only (category of reference: remaining the same) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-indicators-contributing-to-the-increase-decrease-of-28y6kv3i.png Table 4 Indicators contributing to the increase/decrease of OLS included in the final logistic regression model (category of reference: remaining the same) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-percentage-of-cases-in-which-the-hol-has-increased-3p4ilhqr.png Table 8 Percentage of cases in which the HOL has increased, remained the same or decreased from the first to the second year of data collection https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-regression-on-hol-of-satisfaction-with-different-2msu5laq.png Table 9 Regression on HOL of satisfaction with different life domains, the satisfaction domains of the BMLSS, self-concept, core affects, social support and life optimism, whole sample (category of reference: remaining the same) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentage-of-cases-in-which-the-ols-has-increased-2sbmfml1.png Table 3 Percentage of cases in which the OLS has increased, remained the same or decreased from the first to the second year of data collection https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-regression-on-ols-for-satisfaction-with-different-1oeyabub.png Table 7 Regression on OLS for satisfaction with different life domains, the satisfaction domains of the BMLSS, self-concept, core affects, social support and life optimism, girls only (category of reference: remaining the same) https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-regression-on-hol-of-satisfaction-with-different-ebhqz98j.png Table 12 Regression on HOL of satisfaction with different life domains, the satisfaction domains of the BMLSS, self-concept, core affects, social support and life optimism, girls only (category of reference: remaining the same) https://scispace.com/papers/what-makes-a-good-solar-cell-29kt7r3tsx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-efficiency-as-a-function-of-thickness-assuming-1bz5dhvo.png Figure 8: (a) Efficiency as a function of thickness assuming infinite mobilities and therefore perfect charge collection, a direct band gap (Eg = 1.6 eV) with an absorption coefficient given https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-three-different-types-of-open-1fq5u214.png Figure 5: Comparison of the three different types of open-circuit voltage losses, namely scoc,V∆ due to a loss in short-circuit current density (light grey), the loss radoc,V∆ due to the shape of the quantum efficiency leading to radiative recombination below the SQ gap, and nradoc,V∆ due to non-radiative recombination. These losses are shown for various specific solar cells whose data were published in references [80,81,84-87]. Note that the cells are not (necessarily) record efficiency cells. Figure is redrawn after ref. [80]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-efficiency-in-the-sq-limit-for-a-a-single-junction-2mvnj4bw.png Figure 2: Efficiency in the SQ limit for a (a) single junction solar cell and (b) a tandem solar cell. For the calculations we assumed T = 300 K and illumination via the AM1.5G spectrum tabulated in ref. [73] (without concentration). For the case of the tandem solar cell we neglected optical coupling between the two subcells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-lifetime-for-multiphonon-recombination-as-a-3atjojte.png Figure 11: Lifetime for multiphonon recombination as a function of (a, b) the energy difference between ground state and excited state with (a) constant Huang-Rhys factor (SHR = 10) and varying phonon energy and (b) constant phonon energy (Eph = 30 meV) and varying Huang Rhys factor. Note that the discrete jumps in the curves are due to the integer number of phonons needed for a transition. (c) Lifetime as a function of phonon energy for constant energy difference ∆E = 600 meV and varying Huang-Rhys factor. (d) Lifetime as a function of Huang-Rhys factor with a constant phonon energy (30 meV) and a varying energy difference. In order to calculate the lifetime, we used an arbitrary trap density of Nt = 1015 cm3. The minimum of the lifetime as a function of SHR and the number p = ∆E/ Eph of phonons needed is roughly at SHR = p. As long as p >> SHR, higher values of p increase lifetimes substantially. This increase in p can either be achieved by increasing the energy difference between the two states (energy gap law) or by reducing the phonon energy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-diffusion-length-and-drift-length-as-a-function-2kvwpth7.png Figure 10: (a) Diffusion length and drift length as a function of the mobility-lifetime product. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-open-circuit-voltage-loss-due-to-parasitic-1ubn76q6.png Figure 7: (a) Open circuit voltage loss due to parasitic absorption as a function of the probability pa of parasitic absorption in the radiative limit ( 1lumi =Q ). (b) Total open-circuit voltage loss oc https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-for-the-purpose-of-open-circuit-voltage-loss-2aqtmxhm.png Figure 4: For the purpose of open-circuit voltage loss analyses, we propose to use the inflection point of the photovoltaic quantum efficiency )(PVe EQ as shown in panel (a). Panel (b) shows the first derivative of the photovoltaic quantum efficiency )(PVe EQ with respect to energy that we interpret as a distribution of SQ-type band gaps. We determined the band gap of experimental data not by using the maximum of the function shown in panel (b) but (to avoid noise), we determined the mean energy value of the shaded region (50% of the maximum value of P(E) before and after the peak) as defined by Eq. (14). Reprinted with permission. © American Physical Society, 2017. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-outline-of-the-paper-illustrating-the-different-1fu3nstt.png Figure 1: Outline of the paper illustrating the different models of a solar cell which use a different level of abstraction. The first situation involves looking at the solar cell from the outside, and describing it essentially using the photovoltaic and the light emitting diode (LED) or luminescence quantum efficiencies. Models based on detailed balance such as the SQ model and variations thereof may be used to calculate the current voltage curve. If we start with internal parameters such as absorption coefficient, mobility or lifetime, we typically use drift-diffusion models to calculate the JV curve and subsequently the efficiency. The last step is trying to understand the internal parameters from the microscopic properties of the material such as the effective mass, the momentum relaxation time, the phonon energy or the Huang-Rhys factor which describes the strength of electron-phonon coupling. https://scispace.com/papers/what-makes-an-aboriginal-council-successful-case-studies-of-44tn4rpprt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-29-proportion-of-voters-on-the-roll-who-voted-at-14yc25vh.png Figure 29. Proportion of voters on the roll who voted at local government elections in Aboriginal communities, 2004 and 2008308 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-data-chapters-264pqtrh.png Figure 1. Structure of data chapters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-27-gross-individual-weekly-income-for-yarrabah-25nttdtz.png Figure 27. Gross individual weekly income for Yarrabah Indigenous residents by sex, 2006294 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-governance-attributes-that-contribute-to-3qgqbixo.png Figure 13. Governance attributes that contribute to successful Council performance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-audit-results-for-aboriginal-councils-1992-2005-21nitkfx.png Figure 4. Audit results for Aboriginal Councils 1992-2005 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-number-of-issues-raised-in-council-audit-337bf0og.png Figure 5. The number of issues raised in Council audit reports over 5 years69 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-turnover-of-councillors-yarrabah-1997-to-2008-3kiwo3pd.png Figure 11. Turnover of councillors, Yarrabah, 1997 to 2008 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-turnover-of-councillors-hope-vale-1997-to-2008-2qdy8ij7.png Figure 10. Turnover of councillors, Hope Vale, 1997 to 2008 https://scispace.com/papers/what-makes-negotiators-happy-the-differential-effects-of-3azap27srv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-satisfaction-judgments-study-3-3ampj2r8.png Table 2: Mean Satisfaction Judgments (Study 3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-satisfaction-judgments-study-4-30yeucvp.png Table 3: Mean Satisfaction Judgments (Study 4) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-satisfaction-judgments-study-5-2kf68sj7.png Figure 3: Satisfaction Judgments (Study 5) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-social-comparison-judgment-by-social-referent-study-rru4kmlw.png Figure 1: Social Comparison Judgment by Social Referent (Study 1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-satisfaction-judgment-by-social-referent-study-1-sqgdgwvi.png Figure 2: Satisfaction Judgment by Social Referent (Study 1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-models-of-satisfaction-study-2-13rkwxt6.png Table 1: Models of Satisfaction (Study 2) https://scispace.com/papers/what-makes-negotiators-happy-the-differential-effects-of-2re6y568a1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-satisfaction-judgments-study-3-lxhzgmqb.png Table 2: Mean Satisfaction Judgments (Study 3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-satisfaction-judgments-study-4-21j00raw.png Table 3: Mean Satisfaction Judgments (Study 4) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-satisfaction-judgments-study-5-30dtbsb3.png Figure 3: Satisfaction Judgments (Study 5) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-social-comparison-judgment-by-social-referent-study-16yzn3y8.png Figure 1: Social Comparison Judgment by Social Referent (Study 1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-satisfaction-judgment-by-social-referent-study-1-e1ascayn.png Figure 2: Satisfaction Judgment by Social Referent (Study 1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-models-of-satisfaction-study-2-mo1pflb4.png Table 1: Models of Satisfaction (Study 2) https://scispace.com/papers/what-makes-you-not-a-buddhist-a-preliminary-mapping-of-gzzbxmmqvx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-is-a-graphic-comparison-of-buddhist-values-that-are-2m5xd8nz.png Figure 1 is a graphic comparison of ‘Buddhist’ values that are potentially exclusive to Buddhists and those that overlap with non-Buddhists, combining the results from Tables 1 and 2. The figure maps the values boundaries of self-identified religious affiliation. Aspects of Buddhism that at face value might seem representative of Buddhism, upon experimentation turned out not to be exclusive to Buddhism (in terms of concept validity) and therefore would be unreliable as identifiers of Buddhist religiosity for future research. Values such as valuing a calm mind or the Law of Karma – where face validity might lead one to assume that one is dealing with features of Buddhist https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-agreement-with-buddhist-attitude-statements-lowest-ac5wf99w.png Table 2. Agreement with Buddhist Attitude Statements (Lowest Ten) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-between-male-and-female-pupils-13qd4sub.png Table 3 Comparison between male and female pupils https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-between-year-9-and-year-10-pupils-2omrk2lk.png Table 4 Comparison between Year 9 and Year 10 pupils https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-buddhist-values-overlapping-with-non-buddhists-of-3poivuy9.png Figure 2. Buddhist values overlapping with non-Buddhists of self-assigned groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-by-religious-affiliation-3nfiy24z.png Table 5. Comparison by religious affiliation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-agreement-with-buddhist-attitude-statements-highest-25vgui4z.png Table 1. Agreement with Buddhist Attitude Statements (Highest Ten) https://scispace.com/papers/what-motivates-innovative-entrepreneurs-evidence-from-a-4z4x0m32w3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-registration-stage-email-results-2a6hambz.png Figure 1: Registration Stage Email Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-278l0cdp.png Table 1: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-registration-round-main-e-ects-on-clicks-kfmpctvh.png Table 2: Registration Round Main e ects on Clicks https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-registration-round-do-clicks-matter-correlations-27e768m9.png Table 3: Registration Round Do Clicks Matter? Correlations with Registration https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-main-estimates-for-angellist-newsletter-and-1qn56se6.png Table 4: Main Estimates for AngelList Newsletter and Application Experiment https://scispace.com/papers/what-role-for-public-participation-in-implementing-the-eu-22f28gve5l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-stakeholders-in-wfd-and-fd-implementation-in-21nj3jt9.png Table 2: Stakeholders in WFD and FD implementation in comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participation-requirements-in-wfd-and-fd-3e2q17gw.png Table 1: Participation requirements in WFD and FD implementation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nested-policy-cycle-of-the-floods-directive-3rvid2q7.png Figure 2: Nested policy cycle of the Floods Directive. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nested-policy-cycle-of-the-water-framework-1fokgda5.png Figure 1: Nested policy cycle of the Water Framework Directive. Source: Newig and Koontz 2014. https://scispace.com/papers/what-s-in-a-name-anonymity-and-social-distance-in-dictator-3w8son44mg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cumulative-dictator-allocations-113myxsg.png Figure 1 - Cumulative Dictator Allocations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-allocations-and-proposals-r6t6gb2e.png TABLE 1 – Allocations and proposals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cumulative-ultimatum-proposals-dme7z55q.png Figure 2 - Cumulative Ultimatum Proposals https://scispace.com/papers/what-s-appening-to-news-a-mixed-method-audience-centred-my1lfuornm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-choice-of-mobile-device-by-location-fet-5nc3wijd.png Table 4. Comparison choice of mobile device by location - FET (225) = 43.768*** (p < 0.001) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-on-device-news-items-by-news-1rjgpkcv.png Table 3. Comparison of on-device news items by news distributors - χ² (6) = 122,027*** (p<0.001) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-news-media-repertoires-by-k-means-cluster-analysis-2c7h4ihe.png Table 1. News media repertoires by K-means cluster analysis on centred variables (***<0.001) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cluster-profiling-on-mobile-news-consumption-based-1i8dsos1.png Table 5. Cluster profiling on mobile news consumption based on the news sessions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sample-selection-of-study-2-2p40welv.png Table 2. Sample selection of study 2 https://scispace.com/papers/what-s-in-a-name-first-names-as-facial-attributes-47pofp0r59 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-face-examples-of-2-female-and-1-male-names-and-4o4lmr70.png Figure 1: Face examples of 2 female and 1 male names and their average faces computed from 280 aligned faces. Comparing the average faces, Alejandra (often Hispanic) has darker skin and hair than the average face of Heather (often Caucasian). In contrast, Ethan (a popular boy’s name in recent years) has a much younger looking. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-of-our-approach-for-guessing-first-names-1lyvyib4.png Table 2: Performance of our approach for guessing first names given randomly selected subsets of N names. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-our-approach-to-the-methods-of-13xtw94h.png Table 3: Comparison of our approach to the methods of including gender and age effects on first name prediction. By directly modeling names and faces, we achieve much better performance even when gender and age effects are taken into account. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-without-any-gender-training-labels-we-perform-gender-33qm4uvv.png Table 4: Without any gender training labels, we perform gender recognition using our name models and achieve state-of-the-art performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-birth-year-probabilities-of-a-set-of-names-2luh9ueh.png Figure 6: The birth year probabilities of a set of names, where many names show varying popularity over the years. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-we-perform-age-classification-using-the-birth-1vn2o6g1.png Table 5: We perform age classification using the birth probability of names over years 1921-2010. Without any age training labels, our age classification result shows significantly improved result compared to [11]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-an-embedding-of-first-names-by-analyzing-the-zl2rnwur.png Figure 7: An embedding of first names. By analyzing the confusion between our first name classifiers and then embedding the first names into a two-dimensional space, we see that visually similar names are placed near one another. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-our-system-first-a-query-face-is-2vs6ui5m.png Figure 2: Overview of our system. First, a query face is represented as a 3-level pyramid of max-pooled LLC codes, with 1 pyramid grid at the top level, 4 at the next, and 16 at the bottom level. Next, the face is classified in a 1-vs-1 fashion with a set of pairwise name classifiers. The pairwise name classifiers outputs confidence scores which we call pairwise name attribute vector, which can be used for many applications as we will show Section 6. https://scispace.com/papers/what-s-decidable-about-weighted-automata-21gweatt0c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-example-zero-jump-checker-for-x-1dlnbehw.png Fig. 6. Example Zero Jump Checker for x. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-zero-jump-checker-for-x-where-li-if-x-0-goto-lj-else-241k1o2g.png Fig. 3. Zero Jump Checker for x, where li : if x=0 goto lj else goto lk. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-positive-jump-checker-for-x-where-li-if-x-0-goto-lj-2k6m8k01.png Fig. 2. Positive Jump Checker for x, where li : if x=0 goto lj else goto lk. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-command-checker-1brj74s7.png Fig. 4. Example Command Checker. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-positive-jump-checker-for-x-djlngfab.png Fig. 5. Example Positive Jump Checker for x. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-qfreeze-and-qhalt-1xg8sygd.png Fig. 1. qfreeze and qhalt. https://scispace.com/papers/what-s-in-an-irish-surname-connollys-and-others-a-century-109zwwi95x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-distribution-of-connolly-by-ded-1911-1gbdwbek.png Figure 1. The distribution of ‘Connolly’ by DED, 1911 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-whipple-index-values-for-bourke-and-burke-in-1911-1ezly970.png Table 1. Whipple index values for Bourke and Burke in 1911 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-adding-os-to-surnames-between-1901-and-1911-14w9exst.png Table 2. Adding ‘O’s to Surnames between 1901 and 1911 https://scispace.com/papers/what-s-love-got-to-do-with-it-homogamy-and-dyadic-approaches-g8we97vdaf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cox-regression-results-dyadic-analysis-marital-2w05qb24.png Table 3. Cox regression results, dyadic analysis, marital dissolution across 7 waves by selected covariates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-monthly-hazard-of-separation-associated-with-figure-2pht3dan.png Figure 2. Monthly hazard of separation associated with Figure 1’s Kaplan-Meier survival curve, Australia, 2001–2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-description-sample-by-sex-and-other-covariates-1jzg92j6.png Table 1. Data description. Sample by sex and other covariates in wave 1, and % separated by wave 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kaplan-meier-survival-curve-marriages-not-17bup8hp.png Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier survival curve, marriages not experiencing separation by time since marriage (years), Australia, 2001– 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-survival-curves-good-marriages-bad-marriages-1-non-28xvoohb.png Figure 3. Survival curves: ‘good’ marriages, ‘bad’ marriages 1 (non-homogamous), ‘bad’ marriages 2 (socio-economic), ‘bad’ marriages 3 (marriage and children), Australia, 2001–2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dyadic-data-description-sample-characteristics-in-148rxq2e.png Table 2. Dyadic data description. Sample characteristics in wave 1, and % separated by wave 7 https://scispace.com/papers/what-s-in-your-dongle-and-bank-account-mandatory-and-3c87jy38oq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-seacat-architecture-20yehjmi.png Fig. 1: SEACAT architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-seacat-sms-enforcement-3mn0mjie.png Fig. 4: SEACAT SMS enforcement https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dabinder-28-and-seacat-enforcement-for-android-288d13lg.png Fig. 3: Dabinder [28] and SEACAT enforcement for Android Bluetooth (BlueDroid). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-a-list-of-operations-seacat-offers-to-system-apps-1jq1f1ya.png TABLE III: A list of operations SEACAT offers to system apps and services. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-seacat-policy-compliance-check-uiiulxjv.png Fig. 2: SEACAT Policy Compliance Check https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-performance-measurements-in-milliseconds-ms-3n9d23dy.png TABLE V: Performance Measurements in milliseconds (ms). Confidence Interval (CI) given for confidence level=95% https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-threats-to-android-external-resources-attacks-1f1lbl6k.png TABLE IV: Threats to Android external resources.(*)attacks demonstrated here. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-critical-examples-3hd5mvgc.png TABLE II: Critical Examples https://scispace.com/papers/what-s-past-and-present-is-prologue-interactions-between-novhc7gfdi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-significance-tests-for-latent-growth-model-1s7dy93z.png Table 2 Significance Tests for Latent Growth Model Parametersa https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-reliability-information-and-2rlngw0j.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics, reliability information, and observed variable intercorrelationsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-model-2s68n9pl.png Figure 1 Conceptual model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-interaction-of-distributive-justice-levels-and-yzybrzj2.png Figure 2 Interaction of distributive justice levels and trajectories predicting helping behavior https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-distributive-and-procedural-justice-3upxcbem.png Table 4 Results of distributive and procedural justice levels, trajectories, and interactions predicting turnover behaviora https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-interaction-of-procedural-justice-levels-and-3vbbmqcs.png Figure 4 Interaction of procedural justice levels and trajectories predicting turnover behavior https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interaction-of-procedural-justice-levels-and-3irhmvkt.png Figure 3 Interaction of procedural justice levels and trajectories predicting helping behavior https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-distributive-and-procedural-justice-3li45zcs.png Table 3 Results of distributive and procedural justice levels, trajectories, and interactions predicting time 4 helping behaviora https://scispace.com/papers/what-species-specific-traits-make-a-bird-a-better-surrogate-2bpwntwnsb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-partial-least-squares-pls-regression-models-1ww0a5mj.png Table 3. Partial least squares (PLS) regression models analyzing the interspecific 606 variation in the correlations between species-specific abundances and total bird species 607 richness, and several traits describing body size, habitat preferences, abundance, degree 608 of endemicity and conservation status of 20 bird species inhabiting autochthonous 609 steppe and semiarid lands of Fuerteventura island. The analyses are carried out at three 610 spatial grains. PLS components for each spatial scale are defined according to predictor 611 weights (wi; square weights add to one within each component). Marked in bold are 612 those variables for each spatial scale explaining more than 5% of the interspecific 613 variation in the correlations between species-specific abundances and total bird species 614 richness (calculated multiplying the R2 of each model by the square of each weight: R2 · 615 wi2). The first five species attaining the highest scores in the first component of each 616 PLS are shown (see Table 1 for acronyms). 617 0.5 km 618 transects 2x2 km 4x4 km 619 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-densities-of-each-study-species-3d3g6l4h.png Table 2. Correlations between densities of each study species and species richness of endemic and endemic+threatened taxa at three spatial grain 603 categories (0.5-km line transect, and spatial units of 2x2 and 4x4 km2). See Table 1 for endemic and threatened (endangered and vulnerable) taxa. 604 Endemic taxa Endemic+threatened taxa 605 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-656-657-5lxalfpo.png Figure 2. 656 657 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-654-fnrpe02t.png Figure 1. 654 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-species-data-for-the-terrestrial-birds-in-33jt3j34.png Table 1. Species data for the terrestrial birds in Fuerteventura island including correlations between densities of each study species and total 585 species richness at three spatial grain categories (0.5-km line transect, and spatial units of 2x2 and 4x4 km2), species-specific traits and 586 conservation features. Data obtained from Seoane et al. (2011). 587 r spp abundance – spp richness 588 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-one-standard-error-of-correlations-between-247moqf6.png Figure 3. Mean (+ one standard error) of correlations between species-specific 647 abundances and species richness of (a) endemic and (b) endemic+threatened taxa for 20 648 bird species inhabiting Fuerteventura island at three spatial scales, and using five 649 surrogate (emblematic species representative of autochthonous steppe and semiarid 650 lands) vs the remaining 15 species (see Table 1). 651 https://scispace.com/papers/what-triggers-environmental-management-and-innovation-2rfeov3uts 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-marginal-effects-originating-from-single-equation-300kyba0.png Table 2: Marginal Effects originating from Single Equation Probit Estimations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fiml-estimation-results-for-our-recursive-probit-12x230ne.png Table 1: FIML-Estimation Results for our Recursive Probit Model System (1) and (2). https://scispace.com/papers/what-the-brain-stem-tells-the-frontal-cortex-i-oculomotor-12bmlnrdgb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-distributions-of-neuron-classes-showing-the-r1e5qoho.png FIG. 11. Distributions of neuron classes, showing the percentages of visual, visuomovement, and movement neurons (A), neurons having delay activity (B), and neurons having tonic visual activity (C), at each stage in the ascending pathway. Larger arrows indicate significantly different distributions. The pie charts represent 47 SC neurons, 46 MD neurons, and 37 FEF neurons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-histological-recovery-of-penetrations-into-the-lateral-2ceb47cf.png FIG. 3. Histological recovery of penetrations into the lateral edge of MD in monkey C. Sections (50 thick) were cut coronally and alternately stained for cell bodies (thionin) and myelin (modified protocol of Gallyas 1979). Scale bars are shown at right in all panels (1 mm/tick). A: a sketch of the general region. Guide tubes pierced the corpus collosum (cc) and electrodes entered the lateral edge of MD, just medial to the internal medullary lamina (IML). B: cell body stain, magnified from the area of detail in A. The black arrowhead points to a prominent penetration that yielded numerous relay neurons. C: myelin stain of the same area (from a nearby section), in which the IML can be seen along with the penetration (black arrowhead) just medial to it, i.e., at the lateral edge of MD. In both B and C, damage from the guide tube can be seen above the arrowhead in the corpus collosum. Cd, caudate nucleus; cgs, cingulate sulcus; Cl, claustrum; cs, central sulcus; Ins, insula; ips, intraparietal sulcus; LGN, lateral geniculate nucleus; Put, putamen; RTN, reticular nucleus of the thalamus. The region labeled lateral thalamic nuclei probably consisted of the ventrolateral and ventroposterolateral nuclei (see Olszewski 1952), but we did not attempt to verify this anatomically. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-locations-of-md-relay-neurons-a-all-recording-sites-in-1meqacct.png FIG. 2. Locations of MD relay neurons. A: all recording sites in monkeys C (left) and B (right). Legend at left shows number of relay neurons found at each site. “Anterior” locations are stereotaxic AP coordinates, relative to interaural line. B: boundaries showing approximate ranges of relay neurons (activated from both SC and FEF) as compared with broader ranges of neurons activated from either SC or FEF but not both (legend at bottom). C: depths of relay neurons relative to the top of the brain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-summary-of-best-directions-direction-ranges-best-11fynwr6.png FIG. 8. Summary of best directions, direction ranges, best eccentricities, and eccentricity ranges for visual (A) and movement fields (B) for all 3 samples of neurons. Legend is in leftmost graph of A. ‚, medians. The SC and FEF distributions were each compared with the MD distribution, and significant differences are indicated with asterisks. Best directions were angular data and thus required circular statistics analysis (Mardia-Watson-Wheeler test) (Batschelet 1981). For clarity, FEF distributions are inverted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-strength-and-timing-of-signals-a-single-neuron-data-i3cqo7dy.png FIG. 13. Strength and timing of signals. A: single neuron data illustrating the analyses. A visual burst is analyzed at left for 1 FEF recipient neuron and a saccadic burst is analyzed at right for another. Green dots show rasters of spikes from individual trials. See RESULTS for details. B: overall average visual bursts (left) and saccadic bursts (right). Thick lines are means, thin lines SEs. Data were aligned to target onset (left) or saccade onset (right) in the main graphs and to start of the bursts in the insets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-identification-of-mediodorsal-nucleus-md-relay-neurons-3fdoih6k.png FIG. 1. Identification of mediodorsal nucleus (MD) relay neurons. A: MD relay neurons were both orthodromically activated from the superior colliculus (SC) and antidromically activated from the frontal eye field (FEF). B: action potentials from an example MD relay neuron. Left: orthodromic activation from the SC. Top: stimulation in the SC at time 0 caused the MD neuron to fire 1.5–3 ms later (several trials superimposed). Stimulus artifact was erased for clarity. Bottom: failure of the collision test; when the SC was stimulated just after a spontaneous action potential of the MD neuron, activation still occurred. Right: antidromic activation from the FEF. Top: FEF stimulation at time 0 caused the MD neuron to fire with a stable, short latency of 1.2 ms. Bottom: success of the collision test; when the FEF was stimulated just after a spontaneous action potential of the MD neuron (within a collision interval of 1.4 ms), activation failed to occur (no spikes appeared at time designated with *). C: relay collision test. Time 0 is when FEF is stimulated; the time of SC stimulation varies, as labeled (SC stim). Top: the neuron was activated orthodromically from the SC, but FEF stimulation still caused antidromic activation because it occurred at sufficient delay after the orthodromically activated spikes (i.e., beyond the collision interval). Bottom: when the delay between SC and FEF stimulation was decreased to within the collision interval, the orthodromically activated spikes prevented antidromic activation (i.e., spikes are absent at time designated by *). The orthodromically and antidromically activated action potentials therefore were produced by the same neuron. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-identification-and-location-of-sc-source-neurons-a-all-24yxatoj.png FIG. 4. Identification and location of SC source neurons. A: all of the SC source neurons were antidromically activated from sites of previously recorded MD relay neurons. B: action potentials from a SC source neuron. Top: MD stimulation at time 0 caused the SC neuron to fire with a stable, short latency of 0.8 ms. Bottom: success of the collision test. C: mediolateral and rostrocaudal locations of the neurons. Using information from the visual field and/or movement field of each SC neuron, along with results of electrically evoking saccades, we estimated all the neuron locations (F) on the standard SC map of Robinson (1972). Ecc., eccentricity (size of electrically evoked saccades increases along this axis); Dir., direction (angle of electrically evoked saccades changes along this axis, with positive angles upward and negative angles downward). R, rostral; C, caudal; M, medial; L, lateral. Some sites fall slightly outside of Robinson’s map, e.g., those representing saccades with more of a downward direction than he tested (directions from –60 to –90°). Data from monkey B were collected from the right SC but for simplicity are represented here on the left SC for combination with data from monkey C. D: depths of the neurons relative to the top of the SC. E: for comparison with neuronal depth data in D, an example current threshold profile for orthodromically activating an MD relay neuron is shown. Current threshold (abscissa) is plotted against the depth of the stimulating electrode tip in the SC (ordinate). Recordings through the stimulating electrode revealed the depth range where neurons had only visual responses (“vis. only” region, i.e., the superficial layers) and the depth range where neurons had visual- and saccade-related activity (“vis. and sacc.” region, i.e., the intermediate and deep layers). Just below the SC, neurons had no visual- or saccade-related activity (“not vis. or sacc.” region). The current threshold minimum (‚) was 265 A, at 2.8 mm deep. F: results of all 8 tests in which the current threshold for driving MD relay neurons was evaluated as a function of electrode tip depth in the SC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-visual-and-movement-fields-illustrated-for-1-example-2emylqux.png FIG. 7. Visual and movement fields. Illustrated for 1 example MD relay neuron are the method for measuring its visual and movement fields (A), quantification of its visual field (B), and quantification of its movement field (C). In B and C, direction profiles are at left and eccentricity profiles are at right. D: open movement fields of 3 other MD relay neurons. https://scispace.com/papers/what-we-know-about-chapter-11-cost-is-wrong-2hrylhctkk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-3-shows-the-overall-performance-of-the-final-model-29j10yeq.png Figure 10.3 shows the overall performance of the final model—in a model that perfectly predicted cost, all of the individual cases (represented as circles) would line up on the regression line, or within the confidence intervals that are also shown on Figure 10.3. In sum, the graph suggests that Model 5 performs reasonably well, with no obvious group of deviant cases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7b-standardized-chapter-11-cost-by-size-quartiles-big-f0zkejmd.png Table 7B: Standardized chapter 11 Cost by Size Quartiles (Big Case Dataset) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-begins-the-consideration-of-this-topic-by-plotting-18jaka7i.png Figure 8 begins the consideration of this topic by plotting the various factors that might influence the overall cost of chapter 11 on a graph that shows the bivariate relationship between cost and debtor size. A review of the graph suggests that cases with committees and 363 sales might be cheaper, while New York and Delaware cases might be more expensive. But because the relationships might be complex, it is hard to draw definitive conclusions from a simple review of bivariate relationships. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-1-model-of-chapter-11-costs-without-pre-bankruptcy-htfy5z48.png Table 10.1: Model of chapter 11 Costs, Without Pre-bankruptcy Attorney Costs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-2-5r9huqby.png Figure 10.2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-2-revised-models-of-chapter-11-costs-1ertje6c.png Table 10.2: Revised Models of chapter 11 Costs https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-case-frequencies-by-district-1h3np0kf.png Table 1: Case Frequencies by District https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1wzblxru.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/what-you-see-depends-on-what-you-hear-temporal-averaging-and-3lpxo6ae64 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-comparison-using-bic-and-for-the-partial-and-1o2x1mxo.png Table 1. Model comparison using BIC and 𝑹𝟐 for the partial- and full-integration model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-behavioral-responses-proportion-of-group-3b25bfj1.png Figure 6. Mean behavioral responses (proportion of group-motion reports, indicated by shape points) and responses predicted by the partial-integration model (indicated by curves) as a function of the ISIV of the Ternus display, separately for auditory sequences with different (arithmetic) mean intervals relative to the individual transition thresholds. The relative-interval labels (-70, -50, 0, 50, and 70 [ms]) denote the magnitude of the difference between the mean auditory interval and the transition threshold. Error bars denote standard errors of means (±SEM). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-auditory-geometric-mean-assimilates-visual-ternus-7h4iyfr3.png Figure 4. Auditory geometric mean assimilates visual Ternus apparent motion. (A) For a typical participant, mean proportions of group-motion responses as a function of the probe visual interval (ISIv), and fitted psychometric curves, for the three auditory-sequence conditions: (i) sequence of intervals with larger arithmetic mean (AriM); (ii) sequence of intervals with smaller geometric mean (GeoM); (iii) baseline sequence with equal arithmetic and geometric means (140 ms). (B) Mean PSEs (with error bars representing standard errors of the means) for the three auditory-sequence conditions. Compared to the baseline sequence, the GeoM sequence (with the smaller geometric mean) produced a significant shift of the visual transition threshold, whereas the AriM sequence (with the larger arithmetic mean) did not. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-predicted-weights-i-e-based-on-the-partial-3hxlwzc7.png Figure 7. Predicted weights (i.e., 𝑤𝑃𝑎𝑚 , based on the partial-integration model) of the auditory ensemble intervals as a function of the ISIV of the Ternus display, separately for auditory sequences with different (arithmetic) mean intervals relative to the individual transition thresholds. The relative-interval labels (-70, -50, 0, 50, and 70 ms) denote the magnitude of the difference between the mean auditory interval and the transition threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ternus-display-and-stimulus-configurations-two-2jndrkwb.png Figure 1. Ternus display and stimulus configurations. Two alternative motion percepts of the Ternus display: (A): ‘element’ motion for short ISIs, with the middle dot perceived as remaining static while the outer dots are perceived to move from one side to the other. (B) ‘group’ motion for long ISIs, with the two dots perceived as moving in tandem. (C) Schematic illustration of the stimulus configurations used in the experiments. The auditory sequence consisted of 8 to 10 beeps. Two of the beeps (the 6th and the 7th) were synchronously paired with two visual Ternus frames which were separated by a visual ISI (ISIV(isual)) that varied from 50 to 230 ms (for the critical beeps, ISIV(isual) = ISIA(ditory)). The other auditory ISIs (ISIA(ditory)) were systematically manipulated such that the mean of the ISIA preceding the visual Ternus display was 50–70 ms shorter than, equal to, or 50–70 ms longer than the transition threshold between the element- and group-motion percepts of the visual Ternus events. The transition threshold was first estimated individually for each observer in a pre-test session. During the experiment, observers were simply asked to indicate the type of visual motion (‘element’ or ‘group’) that they had perceived, while ignoring the beeps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-proportions-of-group-motion-responses-from-a-3jsl8sg4.png Figure 5. Mean proportions of group-motion responses from a typical participant as a function of the probe visual interval (ISIv), and fitted psychometric curves, for the two geometric mean conditions: the ‘Short’ sequence (with the smaller geometric mean) and the ‘Long’ sequence (with the larger geometric mean). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-predicted-pses-versus-observed-pses-for-all-37sehh65.png Figure 8. Predicted PSEs versus observed PSEs for all experiments. Each dot represents the PSE of one particular observer in a given experimental condition. Shape points represent the four auditory-sequence manipulations. Linear regression revealed a significant high correlation (𝑅2 = 0.983) and a slope of 1.008. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pses-between-element-and-group-motion-reports-for-l79tcuav.png Figure 3. PSEs between element- and group-motion reports for auditory beep trains with a low and a high coefficient of (auditory-interval) variance (CV, 0.1 or 0.3), as a function of the (arithmetic) mean auditory interval (50 ms shorter, equal to, or 50 ms longer than the pre-test transition threshold). https://scispace.com/papers/when-a-gain-becomes-a-loss-the-effect-of-wealth-predictions-2vz4il2rq3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-choice-proportions-for-the-prize-linked-savings-qcfnw0va.png Figure 2. : Choice proportions for the prize-linked savings account option in Experiments 1 and 2. Left panel: Experiment 1 results for each profile plotted separately for positive net worth (orange) and negative net worth (blue) conditions. Right panel: Experiment 2 results for each profile plotted separately for large (blue) and small (orange) conditions. Error bands show 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-top-panel-model-simulation-results-for-80-different-3jwul130.png Figure 8. : Top panel: Model simulation results for 80 different financial profiles (the 40 profiles from Experiment 1 and the 40 profiles from Experiment 2) varying the growth rate reference point from 0 to 0.3. The results were averaged over the 80 profiles for different values of the risk-aversion parameter α (different colored lines in the figure). For these simulations, λ = 3 and θ = 1. Results were similar for other values of λ and θ. Bottom panel: growth rates for all 80 profiles used in Experiments 2 and 3 plotted against the choice proportion for the prized-linked account in those profiles. The red line is the best fit degree 2 polynomial. The dotted lines in both panels shows growth rate equal to 0.02 (the interest rate for the interest-based savings account). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-modeling-results-for-experiment-1-for-three-105wdgnd.png Figure 3. : Modeling results for Experiment 1 for three versions of CPT (top: zero reference point, middle: growth rate reference point, bottom: negative growth rate reference point). The panels show the posterior predictive for the model (purple) compared to the choice data (left panels are the positive net worth condition and right panels are the negative net worth condition). Error bands show 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-growth-rates-calculated-from-2017-and-2019-psid-1nh7gi8e.png Figure 10. : Growth rates calculated from 2017 and 2019 PSID data for assets and debts for families with positive and negative net worth. The x-axis is the value of assets/debts in 2017. The gray dots represent families with assets and debts between $0 and $300,000 and unrestricted net worth. The orange line is the median two year growth rate calculated from Experiment 3 and the shaded error band shows the .5 and .95 quantiles. The blue line is the median of the PSID growth rates for each of 10 quantiles calculated on the asset/debt amounts in 2017. These median values are plotted at the midpoint of each quantile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-modeling-results-for-experiment-2-for-three-3s32bnip.png Figure 6. : Modeling results for Experiment 2 for three versions of CPT (top: zero reference point, middle: growth rate reference point, bottom: negative growth rate reference point). The panels show the posterior predictive for the model (purple) compared to the choice data (left panels are the small asset/debt condition and right panels are the large asset/debt condition). Error bands show 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-estimates-for-exponential-fit-to-growth-2rfcn13e.png Table 1:: Parameter Estimates for Exponential fit to Growth Rates from Experiment 1. 95% confidence intervals are in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-growth-rates-calculated-from-prediction-data-in-3mxbwldq.png Figure 1. : Growth rates calculated from prediction data in Experiment 1 for assets and debts in the positive and negative net worth conditions. The x-axis is the given value of assets/debts. The black points are the median predictions and the error bars represent the 0.25 and 0.75 quantiles. The red curve is the best fitting exponential function to the median growth rates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-proportion-of-1000-invested-in-a-stock-market-7f2zf0nd.png Figure 11. : Proportion of $1000 invested in a stock market index for individuals grouped based on their predicted change in their assets. Participants were grouped into three groups based on the predicted change in their assets: assets decrease (i.e., prediction < 0), assets stay the same or increase less than 2% (i.e., prediction in [0,2)), and assets increase by 2% or more (i.e., prediction ≥ 2). Error bars show the 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/papers/wheel-design-and-tension-analysis-for-the-tethered-axel-3002it2gep 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-axel-with-key-features-labeled-3uf8n8n0.png Figure 1 – Axel with key features labeled. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-measured-tension-represented-by-the-purple-line-bx8ddwfo.png Figure 10 - Measured tension, represented by the purple line, overlaid on the theoretical prediction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-tether-tension-versus-tether-and-caster-angle-for-a-3ebatp0y.png Figure 9 - Tether tension versus tether and caster angle for a 30 degree slope. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proposed-mission-concept-overlaid-on-false-color-59ju3xgm.png Figure 2 – Proposed mission concept overlaid on false color image of Victoria Crater. Note that the rover graphics are not to scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-data-from-tension-experiments-for-axel-on-a-30-2lgy98kr.png Figure 11 – Data from tension experiments for Axel on a 30 degree slope. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-free-body-diagram-of-a-wheel-travelling-over-a-rock-76ojb4ki.png Figure 4 – Free-body diagram of a wheel travelling over a rock just as it loses contact with the ground. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-axel-taking-a-sample-by-pointing-the-caster-arm-2jxxcf5a.png Figure 3 – Axel taking a sample by pointing the caster arm into the ground and turning in place. Sand enters through the sides of the “T” and collects at the bottom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-force-diagram-of-a-paddle-wheel-as-it-encounters-an-2xm92a9f.png Figure 5 – Force diagram of a paddle-wheel as it encounters an obstacle and just as it leaves the ground. https://scispace.com/papers/when-and-how-refusing-to-help-decreases-one-s-influence-3duag4vycl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-liking-for-laura-in-study-5-note-error-bars-are-1-ivqqd5xs.png Figure 10. Liking for Laura in Study 5 Note. Error bars are +/-1 standard error. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-standard-deviations-of-dependent-variables-lgsdy01u.png Table 1. Means and Standard Deviations of Dependent Variables in Studies 1, 2, 3 & 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-indirect-effects-through-dominance-prestige-liking-vbxmg80l.png Table 6. Indirect Effects Through Dominance, Prestige, Liking, and Sociability in Study 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-perceived-influence-participants-feelings-in-study-c4dk8wfs.png Figure 18. Perceived Influence (Participants’ Feelings) in Study 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-actual-influence-in-study-1-mtosqv1a.png Figure 2. Actual Influence in Study 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-perceived-sociability-in-study-6-note-error-bars-27b30w0r.png Figure 14. Perceived Sociability in Study 6 Note. Error bars are +/-1 standard error. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-indirect-effects-of-target-behavior-moderated-by-frw7dv91.png Table 2. Indirect Effects of Target Behavior Moderated by Cost, Studies 2, 3, & 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-indirect-effects-through-dominance-prestige-and-2e85fbtk.png Table 3. Indirect Effects Through Dominance, Prestige, and Liking in Study 5 https://scispace.com/papers/when-and-why-matches-are-more-effective-subsidies-than-1kxk8taytp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-design-kk4vsgat.png Table 1. Experimental design https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-effects-of-joy-of-giving-and-other-regarding-1twp84qx.png Table 7. Effects of joy of giving and other regarding preferences (n=861) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-multinomial-logit-of-donations-on-personal-3kkhif2t.png Table 8. Multinomial logit of donations on personal characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-donations-in-experimental-conditions-n-861-dv355a6g.png Table 2. Donations in experimental conditions (n=861) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-amounts-donated-and-pass-rates-in-experimental-47c2ppks.png Table 3. Amounts donated and pass rates in experimental conditions (n=861) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-tobit-regression-of-donations-testing-effects-of-37sz9yaw.png Table 6. Tobit regression of donations testing effects of matches at varying price levels (n=696) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-tobit-regression-of-amount-donated-in-tsunami-16oz8o86.png Table 10. Tobit regression of amount donated in tsunami relief campaign https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-donations-expected-from-others-in-experimental-2mloug2j.png Table 4. Donations expected from others in experimental conditions (n=861) https://scispace.com/papers/when-and-where-do-ecmwf-seasonal-forecast-systems-exhibit-27x0hpkxh6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bootstrap-sampling-distributions-of-parameters-of-2knjle2t.png Figure 4. Bootstrap sampling distributions of parameters of the MLE statistical model for SYS4 forecasts of DJF initialised on 1st November. In each panel, the median estimate is shown by the solid line, the inter-quartile range (25th to 75th percentile) of the 105 bootstrap estimates is shown in dark shading and the 5th to 95th percentile is shown in the light shading. In all cases, estimates are plotted as a function of pressure level. (a) shows the correlation (ρ), (b) shows the ratio of the signal-to-noise ratio in the hindcasts and observations (SNRx/SNRy), (c) shows the ratio of the signal amplitude in the hindcasts and observations (βx/βy), (d) shows the ratio of the noise amplitude in the hindcasts and observations (η/ ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bootstrap-sampling-distributions-of-parameters-of-2kshlhwh.png Figure 3. Bootstrap sampling distributions of parameters of the MLE statistical model for forecasts from SEAS5. JFM forecasts initialised on 1st December are shown in the green, solid line and DJF forecasts initialised on 1st November are shown in the red, dashed line (and reproduce the results shown in Fig. 2). Distributions are estimated using a kernel density estimator from the 105 bootstrap samples of each parameter. (a) shows the correlation (ρ), (b) shows the ratio of the signal-to-noise ratio in the hindcasts and observations (SNRx/SNRy), (c) shows the ratio of the signal amplitude in the hindcasts and observations (βx/βy) and (d) shows the ratio of the noise amplitude in the hindcasts and observations (η/ ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-maximum-likelihood-estimate-of-the-signal-amplitude-i8cpe1t6.png Figure 7. Maximum likelihood estimate of the signal amplitude of the observations (βy) (a)-(d) and hindcasts (βx) (e)-(h) on different pressure levels for 30-day periods beginning at the date plotted on the x-axis. The observational estimate differs depending on the set of hindcasts used in each calculation. All calculations are made for the NAM index. (a) and (e) show estimates for hindcasts initialised on 1st November for SYS4 and (b) and (f) show 1st November forecasts for SEAS5 (c) and (g) show 1st December forecasts for SEAS5 and (d) and (h) show 1st January forecasts for SEAS5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bootstrap-estimates-of-the-signal-term-for-the-a-2whab67c.png Figure 6. Bootstrap estimates of the signal term for the (a) 1st November forecasts from SYS4, (b) 1st November forecasts from SEAS5 and (c) 1st December forecasts from SEAS5. Estimates of the signal amplitude of the observations are shown in the black dashed line and grey shading, estimates of the signal amplitude for the hindcasts are shown in the solid coloured line and coloured shading. In both cases, the inter-quartile range (25th to 75th percentile) of the 105 bootstrap estimates is shown in dark shading and the 2.5th to 97.5th percentile is shown in the light shading. https://scispace.com/papers/when-are-powerful-learning-environments-effective-the-role-3ekc3jghp3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-instructional-environments-and-learner-activities-ml7aqrvl.png Figure 2: Instructional environments and learner activities in selfcontrolled learning https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-macro-analysis-of-learner-activities-xhmvl87i.png Figure 1: A macro-analysis of learner activities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-learner-activities-cognitive-load-and-learning-ut5spb8n.png Figure 3: Learner activities, cognitive load, and learning outcomes (figure adapted from Gerjets & Scheiter, 2003) https://scispace.com/papers/when-can-insurers-offer-products-that-dominate-delayed-old-2y1psj6l3p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-annual-payments-in-a-stylized-example-for-a-man-k4pmdogu.png Table 1: The annual payments in a stylized example for a man with age 66, for an accrual of 8%, and for different strategies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-present-value-of-the-insurers-profit-for-a-man-3oude50i.png Figure 6: The present value of the insurer’s profit for a man who buys the annuity option at age 66 and exercises it at age 68. The bars represent the present value of the insurer’s profit as a function of the real short rate next year, for two financing strategies: buying call options(light grey bars) and not buying call options (dark grey bars). The stems represent the probability that the real short rate next year falls into the corresponding bracket.Profit values are displayed on the left y-axis, probability values are displayed on the right y-axis. The upper (lower) panel corresponds to the case where the real short rate at age 66 equals 2.25% (3%). The benefit levels of the annuity option are as given in (11). The accrualoffered by the Social Security system is set at 8%. The premium load is set equal to 7.3%. The survival probabilities are those of U.S. males (females) for the period 2000-2004. The term structure of real interest rates corresponding to a specific real short rate is generated with a one-factor Vasicek model, with parametersgiven in Table 5 in Appendix B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-aggregate-benefit-level-received-as-of-agey-as-2mmeiked.png Figure 3: The aggregate benefit level received as of agey, as a function of the real short rate at age 66, when Social Security benefits are claimed at age66 and used to finance a deferred annuity that starts to pay out at agey (By,66, upward sloping lines), and when claiming Social Security benefits is deferred to agey (horizontal lines). The left (right) panel corresponds to men (women). The annual accruala equals 8% and the loadl equals 7.3%. The survival probabilities are those of U.S. males (females) for the period 2000-2004. The term structure of real interest rates corresponding to a specificreal short rate is generated with a one-factor Vasicek model, with parameters given in Table 5 in Appendix B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-benefit-level-b6766-as-a-function-of-the-real-d4avhrvz.png Figure 8: The benefit level(B67,66) as a function of the real short rate for different groups who buy an option to annuitize at age 66 and annuitize at age 67. The horizontalli e denotes the benefit level when benefits are claimed at age 67. A factorc of 10% and a loadl of 7.3% were assumed. The survival probabilities are those of U.S. males (females) for the period 2000-2004. The term stucture of real interest rates corresponding to a specific real short rate is generated with a one-factor Vasicek model, with parameters given in Table 5 in Appendix B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-insurers-revenue-p-x-horizontal-lines-and-h8tuho1g.png Figure 4: The insurer’s revenue (π(x), horizontal lines) and expenses (PCall(x) + PBonds(x, x), downward sloping lines) in the year in which the annuity option is sold, as a function of the real short rate at that time. The solid (dashed) lines correspond to an individual who buys the annuity option at agex = 66 (x = 67). The accruala offered by the Social Security system is set at 8%, and the profit load l equals 7.3%. The left (right) panel corresponds to men (women). The survival probabilities are those of U.S. males (females) for the period 2000-2004. The term structure of real interest rates corresponding to a specific real short rate is generated with a one-factor Vasicek model, with parameters given in Table 5in Appendix B. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-aggregate-benefit-level-received-as-of-agey-for-tda94yo7.png Table 2: The aggregate benefit level received as of agey for an individual agedx, when Social Security benefits are claimed at agex and used to finance a deferred annuity that starts to pay out atagey (By,x, off-diagonal elements), and when claiming Social Security benefits is deferr d to agey (diagonal elements). The left (right) panel corresponds to men (women). The bold entries represent dominating strategies. The annual accruala equals 8% and the loadl equals 7.3%. The survival probabilities are those of U.S. males (females) for the period 2000-2004. The term structure of real interest ratesis a displayed in Figure 1, solid line. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-parameter-values-of-the-vasicek-model-for-g7vicnoq.png Table 5: The parameter values of the Vasicek model for interes rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-cumulative-survival-probabilities-br2k0i0v.png Figure 10: The cumulative survival probabilities differentiated to gender and educational level for men (left) and women (right), conditional on being alive at age 66. https://scispace.com/papers/when-claims-of-understanding-are-less-than-affiliative-5eqneqjojq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-artist-pointing-on-tsent-cent-233h01wn.png Figure 1. Artist pointing on tsent- ‘cent-’ https://scispace.com/papers/when-cyberathletes-conceal-their-game-clustering-confusion-251e1qmioz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-traces-of-a-match-for-two-players-303eece7.png Table I: Traces of a match for two players https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-an-example-of-five-battle-net-accounts-and-their-2gpsqjoa.png Table III: An example of five Battle.net accounts and their respective avatars https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-summary-of-evaluation-measures-over-the-resulting-2jt7xw5g.png Table IV: Summary of evaluation measures over the resulting avatar cluster list yielded by the alias resolution approach (at top), and avatar clustering when varying the balance (β) (at bottom). Each entry represents a confidence matrix yielded by the respective classifier https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-the-number-of-games-by-avatar-8nosredl.png Figure 4: Distribution of the number of games by avatar, proportion of executed actions for first ten (resp. thousand) seconds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-candidate-pairs-ranking-with-l-0-left-and-with-l-0-16x3gead.png Figure 3: Candidate pairs ranking with λ = 0 (left) and with λ = 0.9 (right) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-confusion-matrix-example-nzypgug9.png Table II: Confusion Matrix example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-simple-model-of-game-traces-generations-2bq5fitk.png Figure 1: A simple model of game traces generations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-classification-results-for-collection-1-precision-1h65o5jy.png Figure 5: Classification results for Collection 1: precision and ROC area under the curve (AUC) distribution on 23 points of τ for four θ values. τ points were varied exponentially (10-90, 100-900, 1000-5000). https://scispace.com/papers/when-do-ethical-leaders-become-less-effective-the-moderating-2a0b42jdcc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-24qgwqg6.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-means-and-sds-of-ocb-deviance-personal-control-and-2loy2ket.png Table 4 Means and SD’s of OCB, Deviance, Personal Control, and Perceived Voice Opportunity Across Experimental Conditions in Study 2 https://scispace.com/papers/when-do-investors-prefer-copycats-conditions-influencing-the-2k3g45bvq9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hlm-model-of-investor-evaluation-with-robust-i0ksmajv.png TABLE 3 HLM model of investor evaluation with robust standard errors https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-and-correlations-2g4519to.png TABLE 2 Descriptive statistics and correlations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-operationalization-of-independent-variables-z7ibcaiy.png TABLE 1 Operationalization of independent variables (attributes) https://scispace.com/papers/when-does-coordination-require-centralization-3knmnl46se 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-communication-comparison-d-6mtjy2x7.png Figure 4: Communication Comparison (δ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-organizational-performance-in-three-dimensions-2a6nbncn.png Figure 5: Organizational Performance in Three Dimensions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-organizational-performance-in-two-dimensions-2tp9ryv1.png Figure 6: Organizational Performance in Two Dimensions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-communication-comparison-l-69dlj73m.png Figure 3: Communication Comparison (λ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-communication-equilibria-1ifp2reg.png Figure 2: Communication Equilibria https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-organizational-performance-with-sequential-decision-19pnl3kk.png Figure 8: Organizational Performance with Sequential Decision Making when R ≡ σ21 σ21+σ 2 2 > 1/2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-timeline-1ybj6ag6.png Figure 1: Timeline https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-organizational-performance-with-sequential-decision-kb0i65g9.png Figure 7: Organizational Performance with Sequential Decision Making when σ21 = σ 2 2 https://scispace.com/papers/when-does-gene-flow-facilitate-evolutionary-rescue-45mp7epi0x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-the-total-probability-of-rescue-and-its-31geevm4.png Figure 2: (A) The total probability of rescue and its decomposition in terms of de novo mutations during phases 1 and 2. The red vertical line represents the theoretical limit beyond which gene swamp disrupts rescue in phase 1. Parameters are z = 0.02, s = 1.0, r = 0.5 and θ = 500. (B) Comparison between simulations and prediction (equation 2), parameters are z = 0.02, s = 1.0 and θ = 500, in black r = 0.3 and in gray r = 0.9. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-and-description-of-all-parameters-1sahk7gg.png Table 1: List and description of all parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-total-probability-of-rescue-as-a-function-of-1oaytm3z.png Figure 5: Total probability of rescue as a function of different parameters. When not otherwise stated in the legend, parameters are z = 0.02, s = 1.0, r = 0.25, θ = 200. (A) Variation with r, (B) variation with θ, (C) variation with z, (D) variation with s (and no standing genetic variation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-between-different-types-of-density-1lso1qdt.png Figure 7: Comparison between different types of density selection for harsh changes over short periods. Here, z = 0.02, s = 0.1, r = 0.9 and θ = 100. The vertical lines show the critical migration rate for which equation (20) holds. Points and lines in blue refer to ρ = 1.01, in green ρ = 1.25, in orange to ρ = 1.5 and we show hard density regulation in purple. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-we-show-the-total-probability-of-rescue-and-its-3fhnxnsc.png Figure 4: We show the total probability of rescue and its decomposition in terms of de novo mutations during phases 1 and 2, and standing genetic variation. Parameters are z = 0.02, s = 0.5, r = 0.5, θ = 500 and f0 = u/s (i.e. at mutation-selection equilibrium). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evolutionary-rescue-for-different-combinations-of-3izy6xv9.png Figure 3: Evolutionary rescue for different combinations of parameters: first row z = 0.005, second row z = 0.01, third row z = 0.02, fourth row z = 0.05; left column θ = 500, center column θ = 1000, right column θ = 2000. In all figures, r = 0.1, s = 1.0. The vertical black line in each figure is the limit for swamping, sz/(s − z). In the top two rows, we can see that passing from a situation where s/z > rθ to one where s/z < rθ makes the optimal migration rate more and more important. More extreme differences (e.g. third row, right column) yield a higher probability of evolutionary rescue at the optimal migration rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-evolutionary-rescue-in-18tziirb.png Figure 1: Schematic representation of evolutionary rescue in our model. On the upper panel, we show the population density in deme 1, in the lower panel the population density in deme 2. Deme 1 deteriorates at time t = 0, and deme 2 deteriorates at t = θ. The total count of individuals in deme 1 exhibits the typical “U-shape” associated with evolutionary rescue [Gomulkiewicz and Holt, 1995] (the same would be true in deme 2 if we extended the x-axis). In deme 2, in phase 1 we depict the number of individuals present just before density regulation. The drop in population observed during this phase depends on the migration rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-probability-of-rescue-as-a-function-of-migration-pb5tev3r.png Figure 6: Probability of rescue as a function of migration for different sets of parameters and without standing genetic variation. z = 0.02, s = 0.5, r = 0.5, θ = 100, (A) ζ = 0.1, 0.5, 0.9, (B) β = 0.1, 0.5, 0.9. https://scispace.com/papers/when-every-day-is-a-high-school-reunion-social-media-2apprz64gk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-association-between-self-esteem-and-self-29hnxd2a.png Figure 1. The association between self-esteem and self-evaluation is mediated by differences in comparison extremity (Study 1). Unstandardized regression coefficients and 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals are reported along the paths they model. Statistics reported within parentheses represent the total effect. Values with the subscript within represent the withinsubject effects, and values with the subscript between represent between-subject effects. The direct and total effects have not been parsed into within- and between-person components. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-moderated-mediation-model-we-tested-the-1hc6zp74.png Figure 7. The moderated mediation model we tested. The association between self-esteem and self-evaluation is mediated by greater likelihood of making one or more upward comparisons, and this indirect effect differs depending on the comparison context (Study 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-content-of-facebook-posts-viewed-by-participants-2x2d0s6m.png Table 2. Content of Facebook posts viewed by participants (Study 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-association-between-comparison-context-social-2trupifi.png Figure 8. The association between comparison context (social media news feeds vs. all other contexts) and self-evaluation is mediated by differences in comparison extremity (Study 4). Unstandardized regression coefficients and 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals are reported along the paths they model. Statistics reported within parentheses represent the total effect. The direct and total effects have not been parsed into within- and between-person components. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-conditional-indirect-effects-through-number-of-3dimlunb.png Table 5. Conditional Indirect Effects Through Number of Upward Comparisons on SelfEvaluation at Specific Values of Self-Esteem in Each Condition (Study 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-domains-348vijp7.png Table 1. Comparison Domains. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-association-between-post-valence-and-self-1exutz2v.png Figure 4. The association between post valence and self-evaluation is mediated by differences in comparison extremity (Study 2). Panel A depicts the mediational model for the difference between positive and neutral posts, and Panel B depicts the mediational model for the difference between positive and negative posts. Unstandardized regression coefficients and 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals are reported along the paths they model. Statistics reported within parentheses represent the total effect. The direct and total effects have not been parsed into within- and between-person components. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-frequencies-of-participants-comparison-activity-1jdjoigy.png Table 4. Frequencies of participants’ comparison activity (Study 3). https://scispace.com/papers/when-experience-is-wrong-examining-cbr-for-changing-tasks-22ca9m6w1g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-web-page-accesses-by-month-730ahk00.png Fig. 1. Web page accesses by month. https://scispace.com/papers/when-happy-means-sad-neuropsychological-evidence-for-the-1m7xvdce6k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-executive-demands-in-experiment-1-as-a-function-of-34b8sthv.png Figure 2. Executive demands in Experiment 1 as a function of the strength of association of the distractor. The ticks indicate the correct response in each experimental condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mri-scans-t1-weighted-axial-slices-showing-pws-1tevx7aw.png Figure 1. MRI scans (T1-weighted axial slices) showing PW’s right fronto-temporal lesion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pws-percentage-correct-responses-in-experiments-1-2npc48mi.png Figure 3. PW’s percentage correct responses in Experiments 1 and 2 according to the strength of association between the cue and the distractor. The line at 93% shows the lowest performance of the control participants. https://scispace.com/papers/when-i-saw-my-peers-annotating-student-perceptions-of-social-1qkjqfoixr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-course-contexts-featured-in-the-case-w11yckqq.png Table 2 Summary of course contexts featured in the case study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-perceived-value-of-reading-peer-annotations-by-309pch6s.png Figure 5 Perceived value of reading peer annotations by course https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-student-likert-scale-responses-about-perceptions-of-mwfriqxq.png Figure 2 Student Likert scale responses about perceptions of SA for learning https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-courses-participating-students-annotation-242d5myj.png Table 1 Summary of courses, participating students, annotation activity, and survey responses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-perceived-value-of-annotating-readings-by-course-1htzw24e.png Figure 4 Perceived value of annotating readings by course https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-themes-definitions-and-examples-of-ds8h5ktf.png Table 3 Summary of themes, definitions, and examples of responses to open-ended questions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-annotations-from-pub-with-student-names-3pmp5gc1.png Figure 1 Sample annotations from PUB with student names removed https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-student-responses-regarding-perceived-value-of-sa-12qi2sfb.png Figure 3 Student responses regarding perceived value of SA for sense of community https://scispace.com/papers/when-is-parenteral-nutrition-indicated-in-the-hospitalized-4wjc6vfbza 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-malnutrition-risk-stratification-3n14m9fi.png Table 1. Malnutrition risk stratification https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-indications-for-acute-intestinal-failure-2afn1ing.png Table 2. List of indications for acute intestinal failure. https://scispace.com/papers/when-keeping-in-mind-supports-later-bringing-to-mind-neural-17oz114jr5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-three-trial-types-fix-rote-and-elab-are-mbxa8kzz.png Figure 1. The three trial types (Fix, Rote, and Elab) are illustrated with the appropriate cues and example triplets. Duration of each component of a trial and cumulative trial time is noted by timeline. All experimenta l trials were 8 sec, while the duration of Fixation trials varied. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-response-latencies-and-one-standard-error-of-the-1177e1ex.png Table 1 Response Latencies (and One Standard Error of the Mean) during Subsequent Episodic Recognition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rote-and-elab-rehearsal-jointly-elicited-activation-2pazedc6.png Figure 3. Rote and Elab rehearsal jointly elicited activation in the pLIPC (region a), whereas Elab rehearsal differentially engaged the right DLPFC (b) and aLIPC (c). Distance from the anterior- posterior commissure plane is listed in millimeters. https://scispace.com/papers/when-less-is-more-in-boosting-survey-response-rates-4eh72a72nz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-y7hz2now.png TABLE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wekqht85.png FIGURE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1peth88p.png TABLE 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2uz76bey.png TABLE 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1cicm3qa.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-39ii04e1.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/papers/when-minority-labor-migrants-meet-the-welfare-state-b36dy7ade0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-employment-and-disability-retirement-by-number-of-2vxs9elw.png Figure 10: Employment and disability retirement by number of children and spouse’s work status https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimates-of-the-impact-of-selected-variables-on-j967yijz.png Table 3: Estimates of the impact of selected variables on exit and re-entry rates (marginal effects) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-year-2000-employment-regressions-immigrant-native-q1rfhz61.png Table 4: Year 2000 employment regressions, immigrant-native differential https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-unemployment-and-transfer-program-participation-fiwyl3c5.png Figure 2: Unemployment and transfer program participation 1992-2000, by immigrant status https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-immigrant-native-employment-differential-under-2g09gftp.png Figure 8: Immigrant-native employment differential under alternative cyclical environments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-unemployment-rates-in-norway-1971-2000-2s4bwdli.png Figure 7: Unemployment rates in Norway 1971-2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-year-2000-rates-of-unemployment-incidence-sick-leave-sh58vq23.png Table 2: Year 2000 rates of unemployment incidence, sick leave, rehabilitation, social assistance, and disability pension; males aged 45 to 64 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-employment-profiles-of-immigrants-and-natives-by-1e02d2fe.png Figure 9: Employment profiles of immigrants and natives, by 1980 occupation and education https://scispace.com/papers/when-mating-improves-on-line-collective-robotics-38gddlq3ab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-u-1-with-a-1-u-ud-1-with-fit-prop-r7ce2ewj.png Figure 4: Comparison of (µ, 1) with α = 1, (µ/µD, 1) with fit. prop. selection and (µ/µW, 1) with β = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-u-1-with-a-1-and-u-uw-1-with-b-4-33yp8rqu.png Figure 5: Comparison of (µ, 1) with α = 1, and (µ/µW, 1) with β = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-recombination-weights-with-different-generating-3npulyhk.png Figure 1: Recombination weights with different generating functions (left), same generating function for different population sizes (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-of-all-algorithms-on-all-tasks-curves-1hfd3wiq.png Figure 3: Results of all algorithms on all tasks. Curves represent median (solid line), the range between the 25th and the 75th percentile (darker area) and between the 5th and the 95th percentile (lighter area). On the scatter plots, m1 lies on the abscissa and m2 on the ordinate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-overview-of-the-roborobo-simulator-locomotion-1ovs7tvy.png Figure 2: An overview of the Roborobo simulator, locomotion (left) collection (center) and foraging (right). https://scispace.com/papers/when-reactive-agents-are-not-enough-tactical-level-decisions-44flu4gi4i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-correct-paths-for-this-environment-inside-r2-the-1uhn0pm2.png Fig. 3. The correct paths for this environment. Inside r2 the choice between the two openings is also determined by the congestion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-concave-region-can-imply-the-plausibility-of-a-path-ta3gjlsw.png Fig. 2. A concave region can imply the plausibility of a path crossing it twice, but its identification is not elementary. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-environment-a-and-respective-paths-tree-b-used-for-1rrg4zq0.png Fig. 6. The environment (a) and respective paths tree (b) used for the second experiment. The traveling times written in the paths tree nodes refer only to the normal agent class. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-qualitative-test-scenario-a-representing-an-15uplj97.png Fig. 5. The qualitative test scenario (a), representing an entrance to a building with a small stair and a ramp for people with mobility impairments. In (b) a “merge” between the paths tree dedicated to normal agents and for the region selective agents is shown. The dashed branch, passing through the stairs region, appears only in the normal agents tree. Two screenshots of the simulation are shown in (c) and (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-analysis-of-the-computational-times-of-the-proposed-2036j39l.png Fig. 9. Analysis of the computational times of the proposed approach against a baseline model with predefined tactical level decisions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-test-scenario-respectively-with-a-high-and-low-2schwy8r.png Fig. 8. The test scenario respectively with a high and low sensitivity of the agents for the plan re-computation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-examples-of-surroundings-of-different-sizes-for-two-2xzfd4o7.png Fig. 4. Examples of surroundings of different sizes, for two configurations of the environment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-environment-a-with-the-resulting-cognitive-1dipf6ss.png Fig. 1. An example environment (a) with the resulting cognitive map (b), by applying the procedure from [15]. https://scispace.com/papers/when-resources-are-scarce-feasibility-of-emergency-432de67h5s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparisons-of-compliance-and-tidal-volumes-a-275fmj0f.png Figure 2. Comparisons of compliance and tidal volumes. A: compliances determined via the ventilator against compliances determined via external sensors. +: one compartment disconnected via pinching off the tracheal tube, x: both compartments connected. B: ratios of tidal volumes in compartments (VT1 and VT2) against ratios of compliances of the compartments (C1 and C2) as determined from external sensors. C: ratios of tidal volumes in compartments (VT1 and VT2) against ratios of compliances of the compartments (C1 and C2) as determined from the ventilator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-connection-of-the-ventilator-to-two-patient-models-2nc56sah.png Figure 1. Connection of the ventilator to two patient models. Via adaptors, the ventilator’s inspiratory inlet and expiratory outlet are respectively connected to a standard Y-piece to provide two ventilation circuits. Arrows indicate directions of inspiratory (Insp.) and expiratory (Exp.) air flows to and from patients (Pat 1 and Pat 2). https://scispace.com/papers/when-seeing-is-more-than-looking-intentional-gaze-modulates-hzfc6qp2ch 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-c-e-bar-charts-with-standard-error-bars-3qoq5her.png Figure 2. a, c, e: Bar charts (with standard error bars) illustrating the average reaction times (RTs) for cued (gray) and uncued (white) items in the three experiments (b, d, f). Bar charts (with standard error bars) illustrating the average ratings (between 1 and 9) for cued (gray) and uncued (white) items in the three experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/when-semantics-means-less-than-morphology-the-processing-of-q0n1m02zzm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-semantic-s-semantically-transparent-sm-semantically-3u4fc29o.png Figure 1. Semantic (S), semantically transparent (SM), semantically opaque (M), identity (I), or orthographic priming effects (relative to unrelated words) in Experiment 1 (SOA 300), Experiment 2a (SOA 300), and Experiment 2b (SOA 1000). Effects of the overall analyses are depicted in the upper panel, effects of the first-block analyses in the lower panel. The y-bars provide the standard errors of the means. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stimulus-characteristics-of-primes-that-were-3aim2puv.png TABLE 1 Stimulus characteristics of primes that were semantically related ( M S), morphologically and semantically related ( M S), morphologically related ( M S), or unrelated to targets in Experiment 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-response-latencies-and-accuracies-in-experiments-2a-1lhfavyz.png TABLE 4 Response latencies and accuracies in Experiments 2a (SOA 300) and 2b (SOA 1000) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-stimulus-characteristics-of-primes-that-were-qwa7su00.png TABLE 3 Stimulus characteristics of primes that were semantically related ( M S), morphologically and semantically related ( M S), morphologically related ( M S), orthographically related, or unrelated to targets in Experiment 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-single-system-model-as-applied-to-the-processing-2gus66te.png Figure 2. A single system model as applied to the processing of both semantically transparent and semantically opaque derivations. (See text for further details.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-response-latencies-and-accuracies-of-experiment-1-986n4i3g.png TABLE 2 Response latencies and accuracies of Experiment 1 https://scispace.com/papers/when-tcp-breaks-delay-and-disruption-tolerant-networking-2kuiz3xsrl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-overlay-network-approach-the-bundle-protocol-in-3hznfl1g.png Figure 2.The overlay network approach. The Bundle Protocol, in teal, can run over various transport and lower-layer protocols. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-delay-tolerant-networking-dtn-experimentation-a-we-3h4ejkxi.png Figure 3. Delay-tolerant networking (DTN) experimentation. (a) We tested a DTN node by taking it for a walk to check waterproofing and radio range. (b) A close-up of the node in the water. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-delay-tolerant-networking-dtn-diagram-several-3f215jbx.png Figure 1. Delay-tolerant networking (DTN) diagram. Several organizations, including the Delay-Tolerant Networking Research Group (DTNRG), the interplanetary networking (IPN) group,and Darpa are trying to solve DTN and disruption-tolerant networking issues. (Figure courtesy of Vint Cerf and DTNRG members.) https://scispace.com/papers/when-the-donkey-lost-its-fleas-persistence-minimal-1smxwtyfag 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-elbournian-situations-3o26uzbs.png Figure 1. Example of Elbournian situations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-donkey-that-lost-its-fleas-6n7xh9d4.png Figure 2. The donkey that lost its fleas https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-donkey-hiding-out-of-the-situations-reach-3399nhqh.png Figure 3. The donkey hiding out of the situation’s reach https://scispace.com/papers/when-things-are-better-or-worse-than-expected-the-medial-2qp43w9s75 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-p2a-scalp-topography-and-estimated-sources-5juu5j9i.png Figure 4. P2a scalp topography and estimated sources: topographic distribution of scalp field distribution and estimated neural sources from the Unpredicted Reward (lemon bar) minus Predicted No-Reward (lemon lemon) subtraction (better than expected) and the Unpredicted No-Reward (bar lemon) minus Predicted Reward (bar bar) subtraction (worse than expected) difference waves. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-p2a-in-attention-task-prefrontal-waveform-showing-20u3klu3.png Figure 1. P2a in attention task: prefrontal waveform showing the P2a to attended compared to ignored stimuli (from data published in Potts, Patel, et al., 2004). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-trial-trial-sequence-for-an-unpredicted-17rfumou.png Figure 2. Example trial: trial sequence for an Unpredicted Reward trial, where S1 (lemon) predicts no reward, but S2 (bar) delivers a $1 reward on the current trail and a $14 running total for the current block, indicated by the feedback string. https://scispace.com/papers/when-to-treat-security-risks-with-cyber-insurance-1uepzd18u7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-full-overlap-each-incident-caused-by-threat-t2-also-2n4uf7p1.png Figure 2 Full overlap: each incident caused by threat t2 also count as an incident caused by t1. No overlap: No incident caused by t2 count as an incident caused by t1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-relative-industry-size-1d84t9q2.png Table 10. Relative industry size. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-proportion-of-companies-in-the-uk-that-have-been-28p4yliy.png Table 9. Proportion of companies in the UK that have been breached in a period of 12 months. Data source: (Klahr et al., 2016). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-derived-risk-profile-second-and-third-column-and-35fdy60f.png Table 3. The derived risk profile (second and third column) and the manually refined profile (fourth and fifth columns). Only the calculated risk value for the latter profile is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-example-of-a-cost-cover-function-column-one-and-two-1e89bw7o.png Table 4. Example of a cost cover function (column one and two) of an insurance profile and a risk profile under this insurance profile (columns one, three, and four). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definition-of-threats-t-size-values-s-and-industry-1nib7lpz.png Table 1. Definition of threats T, size values S, and industry values I. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-approach-overview-12ybs2j6.png Figure 1. Approach overview. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-examples-of-threat-categories-from-the-different-l7urf6k4.png Table 5. Examples of threat categories from the different data sources. https://scispace.com/papers/when-visual-marking-meets-the-attentional-blink-more-gfh35ccbq0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mean-reaction-times-rts-for-experiment-2c-preview-1szyzy51.png Figure 7. Mean reaction times (RTs) for Experiment 2c (preview condition) for (a) Display Size 6 and (b) Display Size 12. Error bars represent one standard error. T1 first target letter; SOA stimulus onset asynchrony. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-working-model-of-visual-marking-adapted-from-visual-1duzsie1.png Figure 1. Working model of visual marking. Adapted from “Visual Marking: Prioritizing Selection for New Objects by Top-Down Attentional Inhibition of Old Objects,” by D. G. Watson and G. W. Humphreys, 1997, Psychological Review, 104, p. 117. Copyright 1997 by the American Psychological Association. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-typical-trial-of-the-preview-condition-in-psgxj8yy.png Figure 2. A typical trial of the preview condition in Experiment 1. Participants ignored the green Hs (black) in the preview display and pressed a mouse button when they spotted a blue H (gray) in the second display. Reaction times were measured according to this first click. Participants then selected the target’s location with the mouse pointer and clicked again. This last click was not timed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-error-percentages-for-experiment-2-194wlk1r.png Table 2 Error Percentages for Experiment 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-reactions-times-rts-and-error-percentages-for-a-3ca1lxd7.png Figure 10. Reactions times (RTs) and error percentages for (a) Experiment 3a and (b) Experiment 3b. Columns represent the errors, and lines represent the RTs. Error bars represent one standard error. Dot on Old dot appeared on old item; Dot on New dot appeared on new item; Search results for the search task (blue H target). SOA stimulus onset asynchrony. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-error-percentages-for-experiment-1-i02ktcda.png Table 1 Error Percentages for Experiment 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-search-functions-for-experiment-1-rt-reaction-time-3a34u2yu.png Figure 3. Search functions for Experiment 1. RT reaction time; CJ conjunction; PV preview; SF single feature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-combined-results-of-all-dual-task-conditions-of-2vbywqwd.png Figure 8. Combined results of all dual-task conditions of Experiment 2. (a) Reaction times (RTs) for Display Size 6, (b) RTs for Display Size 12, and (c) search slopes across display sizes. Error bars represent one standard error. SOA stimulus onset asynchrony; SF single feature; CJ conjunction; PV preview. https://scispace.com/papers/whence-lotka-volterra-conservation-laws-and-integrable-3bve29e1xp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-logistic-growth-can-be-a-poor-approximation-to-the-1c3iujmq.png Fig. 1 Logistic growth can be a poor approximation to the consumer-resource dynamics of Eqs.(2) and (3), even when there is a separation of timescales near the equilibrium densities for both consumer and resource. We consider two sets of parameter values here in the upper and lower sets of panels—they differ primarily in the ratio of eigenvalues for the linearized system near the equilibrium (where the red and blue nullclines cross), but both have a clear separation of these timescales. For each set of parameter values, two initial conditions are emphasized (black trajectories on the left hand panels). In the first initial condition, both consumer and resource are initially larger than their equilibrium densities, and in the second both are smaller. The corresponding trajectories are plotted in phase space in the left-hand figures, through time in the middle set of figures (for each set of initial conditions), and in the right-hand figures the relative error of using logistic dynamics is plotted. The latter is defined by taking the logistic approximation for consumer density, subtracting the actual consumer density, and dividing the result by consumer density. For the upper set of panels, for a wide range of initial conditions this approximation of setting Eq. (2) to zero is working reasonably well: the dynamics quickly approaches the red nullcline and then proceeds along it. However, it is clear that the initial condition with large values of consumer and resource densities does pass through the red nullcline before returning to it. This feature is exacerbated in the lower set of panels, where the trajectory from this initial condition passes through the red nullcline, deviates substantially from it, before returning to it later on. Even for this (still large) separation of timescales near the equilibrium, we can see substantial deviations from the logistic approximation. https://scispace.com/papers/where-minds-meet-the-professionalization-of-cross-strait-1kfyo0iy7z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cross-strait-academic-exchange-political-influence-3vws3wyx.png Figure 5: Cross-Strait Academic Exchange: Political Influence and the Level of Exchange https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cross-strait-academic-exchange-in-the-two-37bx5g6s.png Figure 6: Cross-Strait Academic Exchange in the Two-dimensional Framework of Public Diplomacy and Transnational Educational Contacts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-china-development-fund-spending-and-accepted-2n1l4xz1.png Figure 4: China Development Fund: Spending and Accepted Applications, 1994–2006 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rejected-applications-made-by-mainland-academics-19v9il4q.png Table 3: Rejected Applications Made by Mainland Academics, 2001–2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-academic-visits-from-china-to-taiwan-1992-2007-qeadpndi.png Figure 3: Academic Visits from China to Taiwan, 1992–2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-visits-from-taiwan-to-china-annual-comparison-1992-askdf4jp.png Figure 2: Visits from Taiwan to China, Annual Comparison, 1992–2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-visits-and-academic-exchange-taiwan-to-china-1992-2z5bmtzl.png Table 2: Visits and Academic Exchange, Taiwan to China, 1992–2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-actors-and-agendas-in-transnational-academic-3hptt45v.png Figure 1: Actors and Agendas in Transnational Academic Exchange https://scispace.com/papers/where-s-waldo-sensor-based-temporal-logic-motion-planning-3lgglailz9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-workspace-of-example-1-the-initial-position-of-the-o6jayu0r.png Fig. 1: The workspace of Example 1. The initial position of the robot is marked with a star. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-search-and-rescue-239wue1u.png Fig. 5: Search and Rescue https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-nursery-example-1hkzcvq2.png Fig. 4: Nursery Example https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-environment-used-in-section-vi-17wdo7l0.png Fig. 3: The environment used in section VI. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-synthesized-automaton-of-example-2-2kgxulht.png Fig. 2: The synthesized automaton of Example 2 https://scispace.com/papers/where-the-risks-lie-a-survey-on-systemic-risk-124iukw4pb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-systemically-important-articles-and-their-periphery-1uhdoivz.png Figure 1: Systemically important articles and their periphery. This network diagram displays a graph of the 220 articles reviewed in the present survey. The size of each circle is proportional to the number of times each article is cited by other articles in the survey, whereas the edges represent citations. The position of nodes is based on the Fruchterman-Reingold algorithm. As a result, papers with many cross-citations appear as clusters in the graph. We display the names of the authors of the 34 papers that are cited the most in our sample and color them according to the strand of the literature they belong to: systemic risk-taking (blue), amplification mechanisms (red), contagion (green), and systemic risk measures (yellow). Surveys and policy papers are excluded from the network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-systemic-loops-the-green-sector-of-the-figure-1yx2bbq0.png Figure 2: Systemic Loops. The green sector of the figure represents contagion mechanisms and the red sector amplification mechanisms. Each edge represents a risk transmission channel, whose strength is given by the label on the edge. For example, the sensitivity of j to system-wide losses is measured by αj , while j’s contribution to system-wide losses depends on y S j . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-covar-is-equivalent-to-var-in-time-series-the-1j058mxz.png Figure 4: CoVaR is Equivalent to VaR in Time Series. The figure displays the ∆CoVaR (solid line, left y-axis) and the 5%-VaR (dashed line, right y-axis) of Bank of America (BAC). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-synoptic-table-3vumybjm.png Table 1: Synoptic Table. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-systemic-risk-or-systematic-risk-the-scatter-plot-36xpssno.png Figure 3: Systemic Risk or Systematic Risk? The scatter plot shows the strong cross-sectional link between the time-series average of the MES at 5% estimated for each institution (y-axis) and its beta (x-axis). The beta corresponds to the average of the time-varying beta βit. Each point represents a financial institution and the solid line is the OLS regression line with no constant. The estimation period is from 01/03/2000 to 12/31/2010. https://scispace.com/papers/where-to-attend-next-guiding-refreshing-of-visual-spatial-1zmi5mr4a0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-data-of-the-continuous-color-reproduction-task-used-2b90lax0.png Figure 3. Data of the continuous color reproduction task used in Experiment 2. Panel a shows the mean recall error as function of refreshing frequency. Error bars depict 95% withinsubjects confidence intervals. Panel b shows group-level estimates of the probability of recalling the target according to the best-fitting mixture model. Error bars indicate the 95% highest-density interval of the posterior distribution of the parameter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-proportion-of-correct-words-recalled-in-the-20d3iihl.png Figure 4. Proportion of correct words recalled in the Refreshing condition (as a function of refreshing frequency: 0, 1, 2) and in the no-cue Baseline (none) in the three experimental versions that differed regarding recall mode (Oral vs. Typed) and articulatory suppression (AS). Exp. 3a = Oral – AS; Exp.3b = Typed – AS; Exp. 3c = Typed – no AS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-general-features-of-the-experiments-reported-herein-vjdy1zgz.png Table 1 General Features of the Experiments Reported Herein. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-waic-for-the-mixture-models-fitted-to-the-data-of-1ybqszw4.png Table 2 WAIC for the Mixture Models Fitted to the Data of Experiments 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-posterior-probability-distribution-of-the-2nhix7tj.png Figure 5. Posterior probability distribution of the refreshing frequency effect (2-Refreshing vs. 0-Refreshing) across the six experiments. The posterior indicates the range of credible values of a parameter given the data. The mean of the posterior is shown in each panel alongside the 95% highest density interval (HDI) of the distribution (colored bar underneath it). The top panel shows the refreshing effect on visual-spatial materials (Exp. 1a = grey line; Exp. 1b = blue line; Exp. 2 = black line). The second panel shows the refreshing effect on verbal materials (Exp. 3a = grey line; Exp. 3b = blue line; Exp. 3c = black line). The red dotted line indicates the value under the Null hypothesis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-of-events-in-the-refreshing-conditions-used-in-310ffp5c.png Figure 1. Flow of events in the Refreshing conditions used in Experiment 1a (panel A), Experiment 1b (panel B), Experiment 2 (panel C), and Experiment 3a (panel D). Experiments 3b and 3c were similar to Experiment 3a with the following exceptions. First, mode of recall was typed. Second, before and after the sequence of refreshing instructions, a 0.5 s blank interval was inserted to match the timing implemented in Experiments 1 and 2. Displays are not drawn to scale. Specific details about the size of the stimuli in each experiment can be found in the Online Supplementary Materials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-data-of-the-continuous-location-reproduction-task-2t548s09.png Figure 2. Data of the continuous location reproduction task. Panel a shows recall error in the Refreshing condition (separately for 0-, 1-, and 2-Refreshing items) and in the no-cuing Baseline (none) of Experiments 1a and 1b. Error bars depict 95% within-subjects confidence intervals. Panel b shows group-level estimates of the probability of recalling the target according to the best-fitting mixture model applied to the data of the Refreshing condition. Error bars indicate the 95% highest-density interval of the posterior distribution of the parameter. https://scispace.com/papers/where-to-spend-our-e-journal-money-defining-a-university-4k1jpr7gq7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-10isbfq6.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cumulative-number-of-cornell-authored-publications-21x8aey1.png Figure 1. Cumulative Number of Cornell-Authored Publications in Biosis Previews 1996–2001 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2ufy0ty6.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cumulative-percentage-of-cornell-authored-2uod5mc8.png Figure 2. Cumulative Percentage of Cornell-Authored Publications in Biosis Previews 1996–2001 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pricing-vs-frequency-of-journals-that-account-for-20vc1h0g.png Figure 3. Pricing vs. Frequency of Journals that Account for 80% of Citations (N=240) in Biosis Previews https://scispace.com/papers/which-are-important-soil-parameters-influencing-the-spatial-3cgn6nroa8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sampling-design-of-the-soil-transect-analysed-3kukbra0.png Figure 1: Sampling design of the soil transect. Analysed samples from profiles A (0 cm distance to the beech), D (135 cm distance), and 668 G (270 cm distance) are displayed by black dots. 669 670 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pca-biplot-of-measured-soil-parameters-in-samples-1nqdas1i.png Figure 3: PCA biplot of measured soil parameters in samples from different soil depth (represented by symbols). Some parameters are represented 674 by numbers explained in the legend above. 675 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ratio-of-microbial-biomass-derived-carbon-cmic-to-jtztm4nr.png Table 1: Ratio of microbial biomass-derived carbon (Cmic) to total OC 658 content in profiles A, D, and G. 659 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-14c-values-of-bulk-oc-and-of-the-silt-and-1kutwr7l.png Table 2: Average 14C values of bulk OC and of the silt and clay 663 fraction (<6.3 µm) and absolute deviations for the three soil 664 profiles A, D, and G (n = 3). 665 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-selected-soil-parameters-affecting-14c-3depbpai.png Figure 2: Selected soil parameters affecting 14C concentrations of bulk SOM in the three profiles A, D, and G (see Supplement Tab. S1). 672 https://scispace.com/papers/which-comes-first-in-posterior-shoulder-dislocation-x-ray-or-54l356evz5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3d-ct-shows-left-shoulder-after-reduction-of-67xbegs3.png Figure 2. 3D CT shows left shoulder after reduction of dislocation, 2a anterior view, 2b lateral view https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3d-ct-shows-left-shoulder-posterior-dislocation-1a-2a3jckor.png Figure 1. 3D CT shows left shoulder posterior dislocation, 1a anterior view, 1b posterior view https://scispace.com/papers/which-doctors-do-we-trust-a-vignette-experiment-of-how-21xtmxnvam 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-validity-check-for-gp-score-against-previous-3agyzb02.png Table 1: Validity check for GP score against previous questions on confidence in https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ols-estimates-with-treatment-only-and-with-controls-2ysaw3uq.png Figure 1: OLS estimates with treatment only, and with controls (age cohort, education, income, county, trust in doctors) and Geir Johansen as baseline on trust in GP and 95% confidence interval bands. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ols-regression-results-of-treatments-on-confidence-5gntane7.png Table 2: OLS regression results of treatments on confidence in GPs. https://scispace.com/papers/which-immunoglobulin-heavy-chains-for-which-lojet46w64 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phenomene-de-fab-arm-exchange-ou-de-dissociation-ajnmwdnz.png Figure 2. Phénomène de Fab-arm exchange, ou de dissociation/ réassociation d’hémi-IgG4. Chaque IgG4 a tendance à se dissocier en deux au niveau de la région charnière et de la région Fc conduisant à la formation d’un dimère chaîne lourde (H) /chaîne légère (L), HL. Les deux hémi-IgG qui en résultent peuvent se réassocier avec d’autres hémi-IgG4, formant des anticorps bispécifiques, moins avides et moins susceptibles de former des complexes immuns. Cette propriété est naturelle chez les IgG4, mais le plus souvent, elle n’est pas souhaitable pour un anticorps thérapeutique. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-differences-entre-sous-classes-digg-humaines-au-3a9d62n7.png Figure 1. Différences entre sous-classes d’IgG humaines au niveau de la région charnière. A et B. Structure d’une IgG1 (A) et d’une IgG4 (B), les deux seules sous-classes d’IgG humaines ayant été cristallisées dans leur intégralité. Les chaînes lourdes sont en noir, les chaînes légères en gris ; les N-glycanes de la région Fc sont indiqués en rouge. Les figures ont été réalisées en utilisant PyMOL Molecular Graphics System, version 1.7.4 (Schrödinger) à partir du fichier PDB 1HZH représentant l’unique IgG1 humaine cristallisée, nommée B12 et dirigée contre la gp120 du VIH (virus de l’immunodéficience humaine) et à partir du fichier PDB 5DK3 représentant le pembrolizumab, l’unique IgG4 humaine cristallisée (variant G4e1). La grande flexibilité de la région charnière des IgG1 donne de la liberté aux bras Fab et provoque une forte asymétrie. Il n’existe malheureusement pas de structure d’une IgG2 humaine entière. C. Alignement de la région charnière des chaînes lourdes g 1, g 2 et g 4 humaines. Les acides aminés (selon la numérotation EU) et les nucléotides qui diffèrent de la séquence des IgG1 sont indiqués en rouge. Les cystéines engagées dans des ponts disulfures sont indiquées en gras. Les différences notables apparaissent en fond orangé : délétion de 3 acides aminés dans l’IgG2 et l’IgG4, cystéines 219 et 220 de l’IgG2, et sérine 228 de l’IgG4 (voir texte). https://scispace.com/papers/which-is-the-right-dose-of-eu-cohesion-policy-for-economic-3lg9usxqt2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimated-derivatives-and-95-confidence-interval-1ewxpm6y.png Figure 4: Estimated Derivatives and 95% Confidence Interval https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-quantile-map-ln-of-sf-payments-per-nominal-gdp-1995-vswthkxe.png Figure 1: Quantile map, ln of SF Payments per Nominal GDP, 1995–2005 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-growth-of-real-gdp-per-capita-ppp-in-and-sf-1iac1842.png Figure 2: Growth of Real GDP per Capita (PPP) in % and SF Payments per GDP in % https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-tests-of-the-balancing-property-t-statistics-for-the-lhgp4ljx.png Table 3: Tests of the Balancing Property: t-statistics for the Coefficients of the Treatment Variable https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimated-parameters-of-the-conditional-distribution-2jz9ebcb.png Table 4: Estimated Parameters of the Conditional Distribution of GDP Growth Given SF Payments (in % GDP) and the Estimated GPS (OLS) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameter-estimates-of-the-generalised-propensity-uwo43qrr.png Table 2: Parameter Estimates of the Generalised Propensity Score (OLS) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimated-dose-response-function-growth-of-real-gdp-t69unj2i.png Figure 3: Estimated Dose-Response Function: Growth of Real GDP per Capita (PPP) in % and 95% Confidence Interval https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-the-estimation-sample-4ocua3fa.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics of the Estimation Sample https://scispace.com/papers/which-short-selling-regulation-is-the-least-damaging-to-3s3agb4lty 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-impacts-of-short-selling-regulations-on-volumes-2ykwpecy.png Table 8: Impacts of short-selling regulations on volumes: Panel regressions with timespecific effects (July 2008 - June 2009 Logvolume is the natural logarithm of the daily number of shares traded. The three regulatory regimes, represented by dummy variables, are: prohibition on covered short selling (PCSS), prohibition on naked short selling (PNSS), and disclosure requirements for short sales (RDSS). Volatility is the daily difference between the highest and lowest prices, divided by the price at the close. Logvolume(-1) is the lagged volume in log. Robust t-statistics are reported in italics below the parameter estimate. ***: significant at the 1% level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-the-final-database-1tpzz7j7.png Table 2: Overview of the final database https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-impacts-of-short-selling-regulations-on-spreads-b5btu5q8.png Table 6: Impacts of short-selling regulations on spreads: Panel regressions with timespecific effects (July 2008 - June 2009) Spread is the difference between ask and bid prices at the close, divided by the quote midpoint. The three regulatory regimes, represented by dummy variables, are: prohibition on covered short selling (PCSS), prohibition on naked short selling (PNSS), and disclosure requirements for short sales (RDSS). Volatility is the daily difference between the highest and lowest prices, divided by the price at the close. Spread(-1) is the lagged spread. Robust t-statistics are reported in italics below the parameter estimate. ***: significant at the 1% level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-impacts-of-short-selling-regulations-on-returns-1tjm73cb.png Table 9: Impacts of short-selling regulations on returns: Panel regressions with timespecific effects (July 2008 - June 2009) Return is the Wednesday-to-Wednesday stock return. The three regulatory regimes, represented by dummy variables, are: prohibition on covered short selling (PCSS), prohibition on naked short selling (PNSS), and disclosure requirements for short sales (RDSS). Return(-1) is the lagged return. Robust t-statistics are reported in italics below the parameter estimate. ***: significant at the 1% level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-impacts-of-short-selling-regulations-on-volatilities-3tlfni65.png Table 7: Impacts of short-selling regulations on volatilities: Panel regressions with timespecific effects (July 2008 - June 2009) Volatility is the daily difference between the highest and lowest prices, divided by the price at the close. The three regulatory regimes, represented by dummy variables, are: prohibition on covered short selling (PCSS), prohibition on naked short selling (PNSS), and disclosure requirements for short sales (RDSS). Volatility(-1) is the lagged volatility. Robust t-statistics are reported in italics below the parameter estimate. ***: significant at the 1% level. https://scispace.com/papers/which-just-about-right-feature-should-be-changed-if-3rc5v5dzth 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-input-data-matrix-of-the-srd-after-normalization-3l8ajs1p.png Table 2 The input data matrix of the SRD after normalization (square root transformation of the original attributes). The reference columns contain the row maximum (Max) values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-combination-of-the-scaled-srd-values-with-the-sytsgop1.png Figure 2 The combination of the scaled SRD values with the consumers’ frequency values. The solid black line represents the 20 % threshold, which is generally applied in penalty analysis, as well. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-computation-of-the-srd-values-in-the-case-of-335a0935.png Table 3 Computation of the SRD values in the case of attribute Flavor– https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-box-and-whiskers-plot-of-the-srd-values-after-leave-kvevbwls.png Figure 4 Box and whiskers plot of the SRD values after leave-one-out cross-validation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-methods-for-evaluation-of-jar-scales-and-their-2xkxdnhi.png Table 1 Methods for evaluation of JAR scales and their parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-scaled-srd-values-between-0-and-hundred-of-the-2rqsjb3f.png Figure 3 The scaled SRD values (between 0 and hundred) of the evaluation methods determined by sum of ranking differences. The row maximums were used as reference (benchmark) column. Scaled SRD values are plotted on x axis and left y axis, right y axis shows the relative frequencies where triangles represent the exact counted values (black curve). The 5 % probability ranges (XX1), Median (Med), and 95 % (XX19) are also given. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ranking-of-jar-attributes-and-probability-of-random-3g640cgn.png Table 4 Ranking of JAR attributes and probability of random ranking https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-scaled-srd-values-between-0-and-100-of-the-86q0zgje.png Figure 1 The scaled SRD values (between 0 and 100) of the attributes determined by sum of ranking differences. The row maximums were used as reference (benchmark) column. Scaled SRD values are plotted on x axis and left y axis, right y axis shows the relative frequencies where https://scispace.com/papers/which-type-of-advisors-do-family-businesses-trust-most-an-26xe0y8ovb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-family-business-socioemotional-selectivity-12376uw8.png Figure 2. Family business socioemotional selectivity theoretical model for identification of the most trusted advisor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-socioemotional-selectivity-theoretical-model-note-2ffhv0d7.png Figure 1. Socioemotional selectivity theoretical model. Note. Model derived from Carstensen, Isaacowitz, and Charles (1999). https://scispace.com/papers/white-matter-alterations-in-anorexia-nervosa-evidence-from-a-3of35os6cz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-diagram-for-the-identification-and-exclusion-2u9iaged.png Figure 1. Flow diagram for the identification and exclusion of studies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-demographics-of-studies-included-in-meta-1kj582eo.png Table 1. Summary of demographics of studies included in meta-analysis conducted with patients with AN using whole-brain voxel-based analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-technical-imaging-data-and-patient-status-802q7e2x.png Table 2. Summary of technical imaging data and patient status at scanning time of studies included in meta-analysis conducted with patients with AN using whole-brain voxel-based analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-significant-regional-differences-in-fa-values-in-3qgwcx9b.png Table 3. Significant regional differences in FA values in patients with AN compared to healthy controls and results from Jacknife sensitivity analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-significant-regional-differences-in-fa-values-in-1lfagd7f.png Table 4. Significant regional differences in FA values in subgroups of patients with AN (adult subgroup; acute subgroup) Adult subgroup https://scispace.com/papers/white-matter-hyperintensity-associated-structural-29tp8xn4m8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-clinical-characteristics-of-the-2xxj64a5.png Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study sample. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-region-pairs-in-which-wmh-associated-dysconnectivity-3fiwiy7m.png Table 2. Region pairs in which WMH-associated dysconnectivity score (0 to -1, more negative = greater inferred loss of connectivity) was significantly correlated with performance on the Stroop task after FDR-correction (q < .05). Positive correlations indicate that less dysconnectivity is associated with better performance. Also shown are functional nodes from the modified Power parcellation that overlapped with these region pairs and significantly correlated with Stroop performance. Note that some Power nodes are represented in multiple region pairs because they overlap with the boundaries from the atlas used to calculate dysconnectivity scores. https://scispace.com/papers/white-matter-lateralization-and-interhemispheric-coherence-m8bm5llltj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-characteristics-3t2ptx16.png Table 1 Participant characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-arcuate-fasciculus-depicted-in-yellow-stgp-1y5tbwzh.png Figure 1 Left arcuate fasciculus (depicted in yellow), STGp (depicted in light blue), and CCsplenium (depicted in red). Left panel: sagittal view from the left. Right panel: coronal view from posterior. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-of-interhemispheric-coherence-to-4-hz-2ynkd9ng.png Table 2 Correlations of interhemispheric coherence to 4 Hz and 20 Hz with FA-lateralization of STGp and arcuate fasciculus and with FA of the CCsplenium in normal (NR) and dyslexic readers (DR). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scatterplots-demonstrating-the-correlation-between-b7k6oerf.png Figure 4 Scatterplots demonstrating the correlation between interhemispheric coherence to 20 Hz AM and FA-lateralization of STGp and FA of the CCsplenium in normal (NR) and dyslexic readers (DR). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-individual-distribution-of-the-lateralization-1mw8mdzh.png Figure 3 Individual distribution of the lateralization indices of the STGp (blue bars) and arcuate fasciculus (red bars) for normal and dyslexic readers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-fa-lateralization-indices-of-stgp-and-3w15wt3z.png Figure 2 Average FA-lateralization indices of STGp and arcuate fasciculus, which showed a significant difference between normal (blue bars) and dyslexic (red bars) readers. Error bars indicate ± 1 SE. https://scispace.com/papers/who-are-we-and-where-are-we-going-from-past-myths-to-present-4rq5w6ciii 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-focus-group-topic-guides-1uw19kzm.png Table 2: Focus Group Topic Guides https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-demographics-31ov7b79.png Table 1: Participant Demographics https://scispace.com/papers/who-creates-stable-jobs-evidence-from-brazil-38b1mtsnlw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-firm-exit-by-firm-size-gknrtkf1.png Figure 4: Firm Exit by Firm Size https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-firm-exit-by-firm-age-1paw5brz.png Figure 6: Firm Exit by Firm Age https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-worker-reallocation-rate-by-firm-size-58h57nnc.png Figure 7: Worker Reallocation Rate by Firm Size https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-stable-employment-growth-by-firm-size-tenure-tqo0ivjd.png Figure 10: Stable Employment Growth by Firm Size (Tenure) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-shares-of-employment-and-stable-jobs-by-broad-firm-28s07qgz.png Figure 9: Shares of Employment and Stable Jobs by Broad Firm Size and Age Classes: Brazil, 2005–13 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-employment-growth-rate-and-firm-size-juy8gyb5.png Figure 3: Employment Growth Rate and Firm Size https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-stable-employment-growth-by-firm-age-retention-2ogc54w5.png Figure 13: Stable Employment Growth by Firm Age (Retention) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-2pa35wpa.png Table 1: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/papers/who-benefits-from-the-wisdom-of-the-crowd-in-crowdfunding-44po2ovt61 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2b-logit-regression-dep-variable-reaching-campaign-19qeo0bs.png Table 2b: Logit Regression - Dep. Variable Reaching Campaign Goal https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-logit-regression-dep-variable-reaching-campaign-7fgpv1yt.png Table 2b: Logit Regression - Dep. Variable Reaching Campaign Goal https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-toda-and-yamamoto-1995-modified-wald-mwald-test-for-18jr5gbv.png Table 5: Toda and Yamamoto (1995) modified Wald (MWald) test for Granger causality https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-unit-root-first-differences-180zzqib.png Table 4: Unit Root – First differences https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-johansen-and-juselius-1990-cointegration-test-2syszlnk.png Table 6: Johansen and Juselius (1990) cointegration test https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-n-572-efupkugq.png Table 1: Summary Statistics (n=572) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dynamic-development-of-comments-facebook-shares-and-3tfpccf9.png Figure 1: Dynamic development of comments, Facebook shares and pledges https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-the-time-series-used-for-35vch26z.png Table 3: Descriptive Statistics of the Time Series used for Granger Causality Analysis https://scispace.com/papers/who-benefits-from-increased-government-spending-a-state-55dwpqh36h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-response-of-state-level-employment-to-federal-38hnjsry.png Figure 5: Response of state-level employment to federal spending shock https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-for-the-response-of-employment-to-a-federal-l5y2j6at.png Table 4: Results for the response of employment to a federal spending shock. Standard errors in parentheses. *, ** and *** indicate significance at 10%, 5% and 1% levels respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-for-the-response-of-personal-income-to-a-c0t6xhu4.png Table 3: Results for the response of personal income to a federal spending shock. Standard errors in parentheses. *, ** and *** indicate significance at 10%, 5% and 1% levels respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-response-of-state-level-personal-income-to-military-3orwyph1.png Figure 6: Response of state-level personal income to military spending shock https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-non-parametric-asymptotic-test-p-values-of-equality-382jhbkj.png Table 8: Non-parametric asymptotic test p-values of equality across group, for personal income and employment response to a federal shock (FEDPI and FEDEMP) and to a military shock (MILPI and MILEMP) based on the characteristic given by each row. The top panel compares the top and bottom half (50%) and the second panel, the top and bottom quintile (20%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-variance-share-explained-by-military-spending-25rjkc6n.png Figure 9: Variance share explained by military spending shocks. The top panel is personal income and the bottom panel is employment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-non-parametric-rank-sum-test-p-values-of-equality-c9ayz98u.png Table 7: Non-parametric rank sum test p-values of equality across group, for personal income and employment response to a federal shock (FEDPI and FEDEMP) and to a military shock (MILPI and MILEMP) based on the characteristic given by each row. The top panel compares the top and bottom half (50%) and the second panel, the top and bottom quintile (20%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-left-axis-shows-the-log-per-capita-federal-3o4bq1cz.png Figure 1: The left axis shows the log per-capita federal government spending, the right axis shows the Ramey variable, and the vertical dotted lines are the Hoover-Perez oil dates. https://scispace.com/papers/who-gets-a-mammogram-amongst-european-women-aged-50-69-years-5gsibonbxf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-results-from-ols-and-probit-3qmsc2iv.png Table 2: Estimation Results from OLS and Probit https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-reasons-for-not-getting-mammograms-in-european-2vbe3af9.png Table 5: Reasons for not getting mammograms in European countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mammography-screening-barriers-in-european-3in8aezx.png Figure 2: Mammography Screening Barriers in European countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-means-and-description-2coj24um.png Table 1: Sample Means and Description https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-means-standard-errors-robust-and-95-percent-1kyztr9w.png Table 4: Means, Standard Errors (robust) and 95 percent Confidence Intervals of the different response options https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimation-results-from-iv-ols-and-iv-probit-model-1vn7jmf5.png Table 3: Estimation results from IV OLS and IV Probit model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mammography-screening-rates-in-european-countries-k6238hxe.png Figure 1: Mammography Screening Rates in European countries https://scispace.com/papers/who-demands-labour-de-regulation-in-the-developing-world-cazu7buf9c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-share-of-employees-without-a-work-contract-who-1ssnjqa2.png Figure 1: Share of employees without a work contract who support a higher minimum wage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-preferences-of-unemployed-and-informal-employees-31hx3fz7.png Figure 4: Preferences of unemployed and informal employees with respect to severance pay in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-preferences-of-unemployed-and-informal-employees-l8wagdvj.png Figure 3: Preferences of unemployed and informal employees with respect to severance pay in Argentina https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-share-of-unemployed-workers-who-are-in-favour-f403z9ne.png Figure 2: Share of unemployed workers who are in favour, against, and neither against nor in favour of reducing the working day https://scispace.com/papers/who-holds-populist-attitudes-evidence-from-switzerland-38gacyzk2z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ordered-probit-models-explaining-levels-of-populist-1d8tw9hb.png Table 2: Ordered Probit Models Explaining Levels of Populist Attitudes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-levels-of-populist-attitudes-according-to-the-6kyzb5lh.png Figure 1: Levels of Populist Attitudes According to the Individual Positioning on the Left-Right Scale https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mokken-scale-analysis-of-the-populist-attitudes-1skbsfpu.png Table 1: Mokken Scale Analysis of the Populist Attitudes Items https://scispace.com/papers/who-is-chandni-bibi-survival-as-embodiment-in-disaster-4deaea87pz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-chandni-bibi-s-space-for-deep-contemplation-i69tuy6x.png FIG. 2. Chandni bibi's space for deep contemplation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pictured-on-the-immediate-right-chandni-bibi-s-home-in-1qntcrd9.png FIG. 1. Pictured on the immediate right, Chandni bibi's home in Siran Valley. Photographs are included after obtaining her consent. https://scispace.com/papers/who-is-accountable-for-asynchronous-exceptions-5upny7btkv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-interactions-between-the-controller-the-searchers-1q55t6yy.png Fig. 3. The interactions between the controller, the searchers, and the log. The shaded areas indicate the searchers’ accountabilities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-asynchronous-exception-mechanism-3h7ywsvy.png Fig. 2. Asynchronous exception mechanism https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-classification-of-approaches-to-deal-with-an-28md0njq.png Fig. 1. Classification of approaches to deal with an asynchronous exception. The figure omits repeating the subdivisions for the supervisor-based approaches. https://scispace.com/papers/who-is-managing-ethnic-and-cultural-diversity-in-the-3as15ymnp1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-inverted-diversity-pyramids-source-authors-own-274ubce8.png Figure 1: Two Inverted Diversity Pyramids Source: Author’s own data. Note: For reasons of clarity the pyramids are shown here as two-dimensional figures, i.e. triangles. https://scispace.com/papers/who-says-what-to-whom-alignments-and-arguments-in-eu-policy-4k1871a7cj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variable-definitions-and-descriptive-statistics-n-30s0f4f6.png Table 1 Variable definitions and descriptive statistics (N = 596) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-participation-of-domestic-interest-organizations-2knpbn6c.png Table 2 The participation of domestic interest organizations in consultations on EU policies: Multinomial logit regressions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-predicted-margins-of-participating-in-consultations-1578qn4b.png Figure 1 Predicted margins of participating in consultations conditional upon positional alignments https://scispace.com/papers/who-said-large-banks-don-t-experience-scale-economies-1j14mow53a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-3lzjtk0y.png Table 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-statistics-risk-and-financial-performance-by-2b7q1p9h.png Table 4. Summary Statistics: Risk and Financial Performance by Size Groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-estimated-mean-scale-economies-and-cost-elasticities-rc7rax8u.png Table 8 Estimated Mean Scale Economies and Cost Elasticities along the Value-Maximizing Expansion Path https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-input-utilization-by-size-groups-a6huacjh.png Table 3. Summary Statistics: Input Utilization by Size Groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimated-mean-scale-economies-302p0n1p.png Table 6 Estimated Mean Scale Economies https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-statistics-prices-by-size-groups-oe5xin0u.png Table 5. Summary Statistics: Prices by Size Groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-asset-allocation-by-size-groups-36oekbd5.png Table 2. Summary Statistics: Asset Allocation by Size Groups https://scispace.com/papers/who-s-afraid-of-the-big-bad-glove-testing-for-fear-and-its-49j8qow95k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-temperament-distributions-for-stick-and-3at3n3ex.png Fig. 4. Comparison of temperament distributions for stick and glove tests. N = 120, all exposed to both tests. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-results-in-the-glove-test-vs-stick-4mce4umq.png Table 3 Comparison of results in the glove test vs. stick test applied to the same sample o https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-behaviour-in-validation-tests-tests-for-unequal-j60bvih4.png Table 2 Behaviour in validation tests: tests for unequal variances between temperament categories, as determined by minks’ immediate responses to the stimulus. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-population-level-changes-in-temperament-distribution-ykhuc4qp.png Fig. 5. Population-level changes in temperament distribution over thre (N = 530). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-proportion-of-fearful-vs-non-fearful-mink-that-failed-2ymybvte.png Fig. 6. Proportion of fearful vs. non-fearful mink that failed to rep https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pairwise-reliability-comparisons-for-glove-tests-2evucrff.png Table 1 Pairwise reliability comparisons for glove tests repeated once a day for five days. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-population-level-changes-in-temperament-distribution-fxolx0e3.png Fig. 1. Population-level changes in temperament distribution over repeated te category, including only the 75 mink for which five tests could be completed. N aggression. https://scispace.com/papers/who-wrote-the-letter-to-the-hebrews-data-mining-for-558z0zxrte 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-using-the-gzip-compression-algorithm-we-compressed-2mnho7il.png Figure 5. Using the GZip compression algorithm, we compressed Luke with portions of other books combined (at random, over repeated trials), and calculated the SAB values using Eq. 2. This is a plot of the results, with a smaller value of SAB ideally indicating common authorship or at least style. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-using-the-ppm-compression-algorithm-we-compressed-qqk4g6xy.png Figure 6. Using the PPM compression algorithm, we compressed Hebrews with portions of other books combined (at random, over repeated trials), and calculated the ∆Ab values using Eq. 1. This is a plot of the results, with a smaller value of ∆Ab ideally indicating common authorship or at least style. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-for-each-word-occurring-more-than-5-times-in-the-1t6kro8o.png Figure 11. For each word (occurring more than 5 times) in the texts plotted, we have calculated its WRI and plotted the scaled (by mean) standard deviation of each word, ranked from highest to lowest. For a log(rank) less than 0.5, there is a noticeable discrepancy between their standard deviations. However, this accounts for a very small fraction of the total curve and can be treated as negligible. According to Berryman et al.,6 texts with similar style appear close together when the scaled standard deviation of WRI is plotted, so this figure indicates a close match between 2 Corinthians and Hebrews. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-using-the-gzip-compression-algorithm-we-compressed-5f1qmn6c.png Figure 1. Using the GZip compression algorithm, we compressed Hebrews with appended portions of other books and calculated the ∆Ab values using Eq. 1. The portion of the appended text was selected at random. Each point on the above curves represents the average of five randomly selected portions of appended text and the error bars represent +/− one standard deviation. This is a plot of the results, with a smaller value of ∆Ab ideally indicating common authorship or at least style. Hebrews appended to itself gives the line at ∆Ab ≈ 0. Texts used were in the original Koine Greek. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-using-the-ppm-compression-algorithm-we-compressed-3p2r91xd.png Figure 7. Using the PPM compression algorithm, we compressed Romans with portions of other books combined (at random, over repeated trials), and calculated the ∆Ab values using Eq. 1. This is a plot of the results, with a smaller value of ∆Ab ideally indicating common authorship or at least style. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-using-the-ppm-compression-algorithm-we-compressed-24e9vu4x.png Figure 10. Using the PPM compression algorithm, we compressed Luke with portions of other books combined (at random, over repeated trials), and calculated the SAB values using Eq. 2. This is a plot of the results, with a smaller value of SAB ideally indicating common authorship or at least style. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-using-the-gzip-compression-algorithm-we-compressed-3dmxjjey.png Figure 2. Using the GZip compression algorithm, we compressed Romans with portions of other books combined (at random, over repeated trials), and calculated the ∆Ab values using Eq. 1. This is a plot of the results, with a smaller value of ∆Ab ideally indicating common authorship or at least style. Romans appended to itself gives the line at ∆Ab ≈ 0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-using-the-ppm-compression-algorithm-we-compressed-2tluzsa3.png Figure 8. Using the PPM compression algorithm, we compressed Acts with portions of other books combined (at random, over repeated trials), and calculated the ∆Ab values using Eq. 1. This is a plot of the results, with a smaller value of ∆Ab ideally indicating common authorship or at least style. https://scispace.com/papers/whole-body-cooling-does-not-compromise-muscle-oxidative-xmgspixa4x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-correlations-1txwp8so.png Fig. 2. Correlations. https://scispace.com/papers/whole-body-cryotherapy-110-c-following-high-intensity-tv1k3mi2gl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-serum-concentrations-mean-sd-of-cortisol-a-1j6xfr1j.png Figure 3. Serum concentrations (mean ± SD) of cortisol (A), testosterone 505 (B) and calculation of testosterone to cortisol ratio (C) at seven time points 506 (R1pre; R1post; R2pre; R2post; 1h; 4h; 24h). * P < 0.05 time effect compared to 507 baseline (R1pre), for both interventions (whole-body cryotherapy [WBC] and 508 control [CON]) combined. 509 https://scispace.com/papers/whole-body-dynamic-stability-in-side-cutting-implications-o7mvu9pnr1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-characterisation-of-the-relationship-between-whole-1xrd837x.png Figure 5. Characterisation of the relationship between whole-body dynamic stability (WBDS) variable transverse plane hip acceleration contribution to M-L GRF and average medial CoM acceleration, change of direction angle, and peak knee abduction moment (Peak KAM). Row 1, column 1 shows the mean and standard deviation of the time-series transverse hip acceleration signals; weight acceptance (WA) is indicated by the vertical line at 23% ground contact. Row 1 column 2 shows the beta curves in regression against average medial CoM acceleration; then the row 1 column 3 shows the one sample ttest statistical curve (SnPM{t}), where α = 0.003, with inference boundaries and p values for significance clusters, where applicable. Columns 2 and 3 are repeated for change of direction angle, then Peak KAM on rows 2 and 3, respectively. Example beta regression curves are presented in column 2: green for selected performance outcomes, and red for peak KAM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-the-total-medio-lateral-ground-qv389za8.png Figure 6. Comparison of the total medio-lateral ground reaction forces (Total M-L GRF) and the sagittal triple acceleration contribution to medio-lateral ground reaction forces, estimated by induced acceleration analysis, representing Sagittal Efficiency in whole-body dynamic stability. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagram-of-the-five-distinct-whole-body-dynamic-3f3zmyo5.png Figure 1. Diagram of the five distinct whole-body dynamic stability movement strategies for mediolateral control of the CoM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-characterisation-of-the-relationship-between-whole-1hiq9xxu.png Figure 2. Characterisation of the relationship between whole-body dynamic stability (WBDS) variable M-L CoP position and average medial CoM acceleration, change of direction angle, and peak knee abduction moment (Peak KAM). Row 1, column 1 shows the mean and standard deviation of the timeseries M-L CoP position signals, lateral border of the foot is represented by dotted line and label at position ‘0.00’ on the y-axis highlighting the position of metatarsal head 5 (MTH5); weight acceptance (WA) is indicated by the vertical line at 23% ground contact. Row 1 column 2 shows the beta curves in regression against average medial CoM acceleration; then the row 1 column 3 shows the one sample ttest statistical curve (SnPM{t}), where α = 0.003, with inference boundaries and p values for significance clusters, where applicable. Columns 2 and 3 are repeated for change of direction angle and Peak KAM on rows 2 and 3, respectively. Example beta regression curves are presented in column 2: green for selected performance outcomes, and red for peak KAM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-characterisation-of-the-relationship-between-whole-293nzsoh.png Figure 3. Characterisation of the relationship between whole-body dynamic stability (WBDS) variable sagittal triple acceleration (TA) contribution to M-L GRF and average medial CoM acceleration, change of direction angle, and peak knee abduction moment (Peak KAM). Row 1, column 1 shows the mean and standard deviation of the time-series Sagittal TA signals; weight acceptance (WA) is indicated by the vertical line at 23% ground contact. Row 1 column 2 shows the beta curves in regression against average medial CoM acceleration; then the row 1 column 3 shows the one sample t-test statistical curve (SnPM{t}), where α = 0.003, with inference boundaries and p values for significance clusters, where applicable. Columns 2 and 3 are repeated for change of direction angle, then Peak KAM on rows 2 and 3, respectively. Example beta regression curves are presented in column 2: green for selected performance outcomes, and red for peak KAM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-side-cutting-performance-outcome-variables-and-peak-22v3qh1r.png Table 1. Side cutting performance outcome variables and peak knee abduction moment – means are presented with standard deviations (SD). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-characterisation-of-the-relationship-between-whole-chjeyc4p.png Figure 4. Characterisation of the relationship between whole-body dynamic stability (WBDS) variable frontal plane hip acceleration contribution to M-L GRF and average medial CoM acceleration, change of direction angle, and peak knee abduction moment (Peak KAM). Row 1, column 1 shows the mean and standard deviation of the time-series frontal plane hip acceleration signals; weight acceptance (WA) is indicated by the vertical line at 23% ground contact. Row 1 column 2 shows the beta curves in regression against average medial CoM acceleration; then the row 1 column 3 shows the one sample ttest statistical curve (SnPM{t}), where α = 0.003, with inference boundaries and p values for significance clusters, where applicable. Columns 2 and 3 are repeated for change of direction angle, then Peak KAM on rows 2 and 3, respectively. Example beta regression curves are presented in column 2: green for selected performance outcomes, and red for peak KAM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-general-findings-of-the-multiple-linear-2ckbzqh1.png Table 2. Summary of general findings of the multiple linear regression analyses conducted in SPM1D. The significance of each regression between pairs of variables is presented, and when p<0.003 the direction of the relationship is also presented in parenthesis (‘-ve’ = variables have a negative relationship; ‘+ve’ = variables have a positive relationship). https://scispace.com/papers/whole-body-magnetic-resonance-imaging-wb-mri-with-diffusion-32akpgk1cg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3i75osgu.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1w9cqyz2.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/whole-body-mri-intensity-standardization-tupqqsfnps 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-illustration-of-the-intensity-1w9xd4hk.png Fig. 2. Schematic illustration of the intensity standardization. First, from the reference images a reference joint histogram is created. This is the training component of the approach. Then from the current MRI images a joint histogram is generated. In the next step these histograms are non-rigidly registered. Using the gained transformation function, the current images are standardized https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-distinction-of-both-types-of-variations-inter-and-2u44qoh0.png Fig. 1. The distinction of both types of variations (inter and intra scan inhomogeneities). The first image shows the original FL2D scan of a patient. The second image shows the same slice after gain field correction. In the third image a threshold of 580 is applied to the gain field corrected slice. The last image shows a FL2D scan of another patient after gain field correction with the same threshold applied https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-first-row-head-region-of-the-reference-image-fl2d-the-3qih1nwt.png Fig. 3. First row: head region of the reference image (FL2D), the reference image (TIRM), the template image (FL2D) and the template image (TIRM). Second row: Thresholded images, FL2D protocol (Reference, Template, Result). The threshold for the binarization of all images is the same. The effect of the intensity standardization can be seen best in the brain area https://scispace.com/papers/whole-exome-sequencing-identify-rare-variants-in-novel-4u7lchn36z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gene-fliting-based-on-burden-analysis-2lise6ac.png Table 3: Gene fliting based on Burden analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-snp-fliting-based-on-fisher-exact-test-ii9yl3wu.png Table 2: SNP Fliting Based on Fisher Exact Test https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-39-pda-patients-4s70y3l4.png Table 1: Characteristics of 39 PDA Patients https://scispace.com/papers/whole-exome-sequencing-reveals-a-mll-de-novo-mutation-31a9l0bsfd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-de-novo-heterozygous-nonsense-mutation-in-the-z03ge83a.png Figure 2. The de novo heterozygous nonsense mutation in the MLL gene that is predicted to result in a truncated protein. The electropherogram shows the c.4897C>T mutant peak, whose correspondent amino acid sequence and position are indicated above and below it (p.R1633*). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-patient-at-21-months-of-age-note-hypertelorism-83d6qlit.png Figure 1. The patient at 21 months of age. Note hypertelorism, epicanthic folds, low-set ears and anteverted nose. https://scispace.com/papers/whole-genome-analysis-with-snps-from-bopa1-shows-clearly-2lpmikzjjl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analysis-of-molecular-variance-amova-for-103-wild-106z8a35.png Table 2. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) for 103 wild and cultivated barley samples classified into four groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-barley-accessions-used-2c8abju4.png Table 1. Barley accessions used https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pairwise-comparisons-between-groups-fst-derived-from-3arkrs44.png Table 3. Pairwise comparisons between groups, FST, derived from the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). https://scispace.com/papers/whole-genome-sequencing-and-rare-variant-analysis-in-w7qbne0jqg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-synonymous-variants-in-enhancer-and-splicing-regions-amokc6yx.png Table 3. Synonymous variants in enhancer and splicing regions identified in families co-segregating with ET based on MM-KBAC analysis of rare variants. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cav3-1-electrophysiology-for-mutant-and-wildtype-1vpdcj03.png Fig 4. Cav3.1 electrophysiology for mutant and wildtype channels at room temperature and at near physiological temperature. (a) Current-Voltage relationship of wildtype and mutant Cav3.1 channels. (b) Time to peak with wild type and mutant Cav3.1 channels. (c) I-V relationship of wild type and mutant Cav3.1 channels. (d) Steady state inactivation of wild type and mutant channels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-characteristics-of-affected-et-individuals-1ols1wfv.png Table 1. Clinical characteristics of affected ET individuals and unaffected family members that were whole genome sequenced in eight families. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pedigrees-of-eight-et-families-that-were-whole-genome-2jli41no.png Fig 1. Pedigrees of eight ET families that were whole genome sequenced. Pedigrees for families (A-H) that were whole genome sequenced are shown. The generation in each pedigree is shown by roman numerals. The proband is indicated by an arrowhead. A ‘� ’ symbol indicates subjects that were whole genome sequenced. Below each subject with DNA avaliable for genetic analysis the subject ID is indicated. Symbol shading is as follows: definite ET, symbols completely black; probable ET, symbols half vertical black fill; possible ET, symbols with a quadrant in black; and unaffected clear symbol. To protect the identity of participants in families the gender and birth order were changed in order to disguise their identities. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-rare-cnvs-segregating-with-et-in-families-2rmndfgf.png Table 5. Rare CNVs segregating with ET in families. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-behavioral-manifestations-of-nervous-system-1ngalbm4.png Fig 3. Behavioral manifestations of nervous system dysfunction in a slit Drosophila model. (a) Climbing response during lifespan. The climbing assay was assessed as the time taken for the first fly to climb 10.0cm. The mean climbing index + SEM as a function of age is shown for each independent mutant slit line and the wildtype line. Each point represents the mean of 10 flies. Flies expressing the mutant slit (p.Val1187Leu) compared to wildtype slit displayed significantly slower climbing (p<0.05) throughout lifespan. (b) Survival assays in slit lines. A total of 100 virgin flies per line were sex segregated within 4h of eclosion and maintained in small laboratory vials (n = 20 per vial) containing fresh food in a low-temperature incubator at 25˚C and 40% humidity on a 12/12h dark/light cycle. The flies were transferred to fresh food vials every 3–4 days and mortality recorded. Significant differences in lifespan were detected between flies expressing the mutant slit (p.Val1187Leu) compared to wildtype slit (p<0.0001). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-analysis-workflow-for-analysis-using-mm-kbac-the-14bkwxlh.png Fig 2. Analysis workflow for analysis using MM-KBAC. The analysis workflow for WGS data is shown with population database filtering, analysis methods and annotation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-variants-located-within-tfbs-identified-in-families-48rtfizy.png Table 4. Variants located within TFBS identified in families co-segregating with ET. https://scispace.com/papers/whole-lung-lavage-in-infants-and-children-with-pulmonary-1ell8puctz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-and-2-technical-setting-by-means-of-a-swivel-tube-ejh7gkro.png Figure 1 and 2. Technical setting: by means of a swivel tube adapter a balloon catheter and ultrathin flexible endoscope are introduced via a standard endotracheal tube into the left main stem bronchus and distal trachea respectively. The endoscope is used to control for position and leak tightness of the balloon catheter throughout the lavage of the left lung. For sequential lavage, the balloon catheter is positioned in the right main stem bronchus after completion of the left lung lavage. The swivel adapter is connected to ventilator tubing. 102x80mm (300 x 300 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-patient-data-328xrc7p.png Table 1. Clinical patient data. https://scispace.com/papers/whose-parallellingualism-overt-and-covert-ideologies-in-4donf5qbrx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-and-analytic-methods-of-university-language-2vsl8913.png Table 1: Data and analytic methods of university language policies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-language-policies-at-denmarks-eight-2l7vz6ni.png Table 2: Overview of language policies at Denmark’s eight universities. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-main-themes-in-denmarks-eight-university-policies-77t5sc1x.png Table 3: Main themes in Denmark’s eight university policies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-visualisation-of-datasets-3clp5kg4.png Figure 1: Visualisation of datasets. https://scispace.com/papers/why-are-civil-liberties-more-important-than-executive-1psp6vay63 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-property-rights-possibility-frontier-trade-off-34xczpbs.png Figure 1. Property Rights Possibility Frontier: Trade-off between expropriation (enforcement of rights) and the scope of rights https://scispace.com/papers/why-are-exchange-rates-so-smooth-a-household-finance-2ib7zn53ig 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-two-special-cases-1vcmeo82.png Table III: Two Special Cases https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-results-of-variation-in-home-bias-in-consumption-2kegqs96.png Table II: Results of Variation in Home Bias in Consumption https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-benchmark-results-1dk8cry8.png Table I: Benchmark Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-results-of-variations-in-the-trader-pool-3lavcijb.png Table IV: Results of Variations in the Trader Pool https://scispace.com/papers/why-are-labor-markets-in-spain-and-germany-so-different-5b6fcw8i2m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-labor-force-in-germany-and-spain-6un3yk3q.png Figure 4: Labor force in Germany and Spain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hours-per-worker-in-germany-and-spain-1zwniiz1.png Figure 3: Hours per worker in Germany and Spain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-irfs-after-a-fiscal-shock-one-estimated-std-8sz6gvg7.png Figure 14: IRFs after a fiscal shock (one estimated std deviation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-irfs-after-an-investment-shock-one-estimated-std-s3x22w7c.png Figure 15: IRFs after an investment shock (one estimated std deviation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-irfs-after-an-hours-adjustment-cost-shock-one-3mlrldox.png Figure 8: IRFs after an hours adjustment cost shock (one estimated std deviation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-irfs-after-a-labor-force-shock-one-estimated-std-aucqyagb.png Figure 9: IRFs after a labor force shock (one estimated std deviation). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-variance-decomposition-lxktkwpx.png Table 4. Variance decomposition, % https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-german-second-moment-statistics-1996-2-2013-4-37eboc2e.png Table 2. German second-moment statistics (1996:2-2013:4) https://scispace.com/papers/why-are-occupational-safety-crimes-increasing-x981u72pj4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-number-of-registered-offences-of-causing-bodily-2txmra8k.png Figure 4. Number of registered offences of Causing bodily injury or illness to an employee and number of workplace accidents registered by the police. 1983–2011. Source: Specially compiled statistics provided by the National Council for Crime Prevention. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-number-of-reported-causing-an-employees-death-3e9b00v7.png Figure 5. Number of reported Causing an employee’s death offences and incidents registered by the police workplace accidents resulting death with no suspected offence. 1983–2011. Source: Specially compiled statistics provided by the National Council for Crime Prevention. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reported-offences-in-the-form-of-causing-an-1pwd8e6q.png Figure 1. Reported offences in the form of Causing an employee’s death (Penal Code 3:7), Causing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-hand-axis-number-of-registered-workplace-3p2r5ke6.png Figure 2. Left-hand axis: Number of registered workplace accidents resulting in at least two weeks’ sick leave (ISA), incidents and accidents reported to the Work Environment Agency (Section 2 reports). Right-hand axis: Number of cases of Causing bodily injury or illness to employees reported to the police. 1990–2011. Causing bodily injury offences should be read using the right hand axis. Source: National Council for Crime Prevention and data specially requested from the Work Environment Authority. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-type-injuries-in-occupational-safety-crimes-1yt3ki0n.png Table 2. Type injuries in occupational safety crimes registered by the police. Every other police report from 2006 and every third report from 2010. Percent (n). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-who-is-registered-by-the-police-as-having-reported-16x5rcxx.png Table 1. Who is registered by the police as having reported the incident? Every other police report from 2006 and every third from 2010. Proportion in percent (n). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-of-work-related-accidents-resulting-in-death-3jnb1879.png Figure 3. Number of work-related accidents resulting in death and number of reported offences registered as Causing an employee’s death. (The deaths resulting from the Estonia catastrophe in 1994 are not included). Source: National Council for Crime Prevention and Work Environment Authority. https://scispace.com/papers/why-are-single-sex-schools-successful-ouw2arq7ub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-the-role-of-observable-school-characteristics-in-1nc69n6s.png Table A.2: The role of observable school characteristics in explaining the advantage of single-sex schools: Exclude switching schools from sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-share-of-girls-in-own-cohort-at-switching-schools-9e3m5wcp.png Figure 3: Share of Girls in Own Cohort at Switching Schools (Relative to Non-switching Schools) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1b-student-achievement-by-school-type-on-csat-1996-xywlykxy.png Table 1B: Student achievement by school type on CSAT 1996-2009 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3a-excluding-switching-schools-one-by-one-boys-2u3ju4co.png Table A.3A: Excluding switching schools one by one - Boys https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-event-study-of-school-type-change-from-single-sex-1iylr691.png Figure A.1: Event study of school type change from single-sex to coed: Time-varying school-level observables - Boys https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-a-formerly-all-boys-school-that-converts-yv8ykrc0.png Figure 2: Example of a formerly all-boys school that converts to coed status https://scispace.com/figures/table-1a-school-level-characteristics-by-school-type-1996-1qo5c1kx.png Table 1B: Student achievement by school type on CSAT 1996-2009 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-are-the-estimates-driven-by-novelty-effects-2u2d11wm.png Figure 5: Are the estimates driven by novelty effects? https://scispace.com/papers/why-are-there-so-many-bee-orchid-species-adaptive-radiation-agppbjmd7j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-flowering-periods-months-of-the-year-of-species-of-14ra0bhy.png Table 4. Flowering periods (months of the year) of species of the Ophrys attaviria group from Crete and their Andrena pollinators. Here, the three first species are isolated from the three last because of the absence of overlap period in their respective flowering period. Data from various sources including Delforge (2016), Paulus (2018). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-match-between-an-ophrys-speculum-flower-and-the-2rylzioa.png Figure 4. Match between an Ophrys speculum flower and the female of her pollinator. The glossy blue speculum on the labellum of the flower corresponds to the bluish wings of the pollinator’s female, the lateral lobes of the labellum mimic her legs and the brown hairs bordering the labellum are similar to her pilosity. Picture reprinted from Paulus 2006, with permission. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-flowers-of-the-three-species-of-the-ophrys-1ye1i7u1.png Figure 5. The flowers of the three species of the Ophrys insectifera clade and their pollinators. A. Ophrys insectifera and Argogorytes mystaceus. B. Ophrys subinsectfera and Sterictophora gastrica. C. Ophrys aymoninii and Andrena combinata. Picture reprinted from Paulus 2017, with permission. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-extreme-adaptive-radiation-in-bee-orchids-ophrys-in-2pgfu2q0.png Figure 1. Extreme adaptive radiation in bee-orchids (Ophrys). In this group, more than 350 species evolved around the Mediterranean basin over less than 6 million of years, a diversification rate almost unrivaled worldwide. The figure illustrates the time calibrated (in million years) phylogenetic relationships between 11 significantly different clades inferred from DNA sequences from 37 species and their floral phenotypes. Triangles depict rapid ongoing radiations in the corresponding clade; the diversification rate in these clades is higher than the mean diversification rate in the genus (modified from Breitkopf et al. 2015, Open Access). Interestingly, there are two phases of diversification since there are https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proportion-of-potted-flowers-that-released-3u6ve38k.png Table 2. Proportion of potted flowers that released copulation attempts by males of the corresponding pollinators in the field. Number of tested flowers between brackets (data from Stökl et al. 2008). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proportion-of-ophrys-species-forming-the-two-rapidly-tjkj2vh3.png Table 1. Proportion of Ophrys species forming the two rapidly diverging clades identified by Breitkopf et al. (2015) that are attracted by different families of pollinators. The number of species in each clade is in brackets. Ophrys systematics following Delforge (2016); pollinator data from Gaskett (2011), Delforge (2016) and Paulus (2018). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pollinator-identity-and-body-size-body-length-in-mm-233k3utp.png Table 3. Pollinator identity and body size (body length in mm) of the species of the O. insectifera clade. Data from various sources compiled in Triponez et al. (2013). https://scispace.com/papers/why-borderline-personality-features-adversely-affect-job-3hkxnkaqg6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-and-correlations-among-the-3rstconu.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics and correlations among the study variables. https://scispace.com/papers/why-conversational-agents-should-catch-the-eye-3e2moko8qt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-std-errors-for-percentages-of-time-spent-2xh678jh.png Table 1. Means and std. errors for percentages of time spent by subjects gazing at partners in the last 5 session minutes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fred-prototype-with-two-conversational-agents-1geegg92.png Figure 2. FRED prototype with two conversational agents. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-when-subject-fixations-the-black-dot-hit-one-of-the-obfjs5kq.png Figure 1 . When subject fixations (the black dot) hit one of the circles, gaze at the corresponding person was registered. https://scispace.com/papers/why-cost-of-illness-studies-are-important-and-inform-policy-dagdmqm7gm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-global-model-for-relating-health-determinants-1eqt6mrg.png Figure 1 The global model for relating health determinants to cost of illness. Reproduced with permission from ref. 10. https://scispace.com/papers/why-customers-and-peer-service-providers-do-not-participate-148hxxij2i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-existing-research-fields-and-3v89nh6w.png Table 1: Overview of existing research fields and contribution of this study https://scispace.com/papers/why-did-preparers-lobby-to-the-iasb-s-pension-accounting-32ojsh6ex1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-this-table-presents-the-pearson-correlation-matrix-3e8fxy60.png Table 7: This table presents the Pearson correlation matrix for the entire sample. The sample of 1,402 firms consists of 54 submitters and 1,348 control group firms, for which the data required to compute the independent variables, are available. All variables are as defined in Table 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-this-figure-presents-a-bar-chart-illustrating-3liud9l7.png Figure 2: This figure presents a bar chart illustrating percentage agreement with the proposals set out in questions 1 (Q1) and 5 (Q5) of the Exposure Draft. Not all 63 preparer submitters answered all questions set out in the Exposure Draft. Q1 was answered by 53 submitters, while Q5 was answered by 59 submitters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-this-figure-presents-the-distribution-of-comment-28725k5f.png Figure 1: This figure presents the distribution of comment letters by stakeholder groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-this-table-presents-the-results-for-the-probit-model-f3c80vzd.png Table 8: This table presents the results for the probit model testing H1. The sample consists of 1,402 firms: 54 submitters and 1,348 control group firms, for which the data required to compute the independent variables are available. SUB is a dummy variable which takes the value of 1 if the firm submitted a comment letter, and 0 otherwise. Marginal effects are the average partial effect of the explanatory variable on the probability of observing a 1 in the dependent variable. All variables are as defined in Table 5. *,** and *** refer to 10%, 5% and 1% level of significance respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-this-table-presents-the-countries-where-submitter-x5a37gcc.png Table 3: This table presents the countries where submitter firms are listed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-this-table-presents-the-percentage-level-of-u6hzvnjk.png Table 4: This table presents the percentage level of https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-this-table-presents-the-results-for-the-probit-model-1z2h5eaf.png Table 9: This table presents the results for the probit model testing H2. The sample consists of the 46 submitters that answered Q1 of the Exposure Draft and for which data are available. Q1_AGRRE is a dummy variable, which takes the value of 1 if the firm agreed with the proposal set in Q1, and 0 otherwise. EQUITY is the percentage of pension plan assets allocated to equities. All other independent variables are defined in Table 5. Marginal effects are the average partial effect of the explanatory variable on the probability of observing a 1 in the dependent variable. *,** and *** refer to 10%, 5% and 1% level of significance respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-this-table-presents-descriptive-statistics-for-the-1i1kbb4n.png Table 5: This table presents descriptive statistics for the independent variables used in the analysis. The sample consists of 54 submitters and 1,348 control group firms, for which the data required to compute the independent variables was available. SIZE is calculated as the logarithmic transformation of total assets; F-SIZE is the logarithmic transformation of the fair value of pension plan assets; FREEFLOAT is calculated as the percentage number of shares available for trading after excluding strategic ownership; SPR is the difference between the long-term expected rate of return on pension plan assets and pension plan discount rate; UNRLOSS is a dummy variable which takes the value of 1 if the firm has unrealized net pension actuarial losses and 0 otherwise; FS is pension plan funding status calculated as the fair value of pension plan assets scaled by pension projected benefit obligations; LEV is calculated as total debt scaled by total shareholders’ equity and ROA, return on assets, computed as EBITDA scaled by total assets; and two dummy variables – IFRS and USGAAP – which take the value of 1 if the preparer follows IFRS or USGAAP respectively, and 0 otherwise. All continuous variables are winsorized at the 1% level. https://scispace.com/papers/why-did-the-incumbency-advantage-in-u-s-house-elections-grow-3brwc198w1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-decompostion-of-incumbemcy-advantage-in-u-s-house-s97ipa4y.png Table 2: Decompostion of Incumbemcy Advantage in U . S . House Election, 1946-1990 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-estimates-of-total-incumbency-advantage-in-u-s-14k13fiw.png Figure 1: Two Estimates of Total Incumbency Advantage in U . S . House Elections https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-percent-of-total-incumbency-advantage-due-to-vv95j3h6.png Figure 2 : The Percent of Total Incumbency Advantage Due to Indirect Effects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-scare-off-quality-and-indirect-effects-aghkfezx.png Figure 3: The Scare-off, Quality, and Indirect Effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-decompostion-of-incumbemcy-advantage-in-u-s-house-28vs7pwy.png Table 1: Decompostion of Incumbemcy Advantage in U.S . House Election, 1946-1990 https://scispace.com/papers/why-do-banking-crises-occur-the-american-subprime-crisis-2bktys666y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-banks-expensed-loan-losses-as-percentage-of-216weqfl.png Table 1. Banks’ expensed loan losses as percentage of outstanding loans, 1986-93 https://scispace.com/papers/why-do-faultlines-matter-a-computational-model-of-how-strong-2avv02z1ge 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-change-in-outcome-measure-for-typical-simulation-run-n-2d5a0sbz.png Fig. 2. Change in outcome measure for typical simulation run. N = 20, D = 1, K = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-implementation-of-faultline-strength-1je25fae.png Table 1 Implementation of faultline strength https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-change-in-outcome-measure-for-typical-simulation-runs-3rcry604.png Fig. 1. Change in outcome measure for typical simulation runs with weak faultline (left) and strong faultline (right). N = 20,D = 3, K = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-distribution-of-polarization-measure-over-500-3g24vb57.png Fig. 5. Distribution of polarization measure over 500 replications per condition in experiment 1, broken down by the six different levels of faultline strength. N = 20, D = 3, K = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-faultline-strength-on-outcome-measures-3w10jzvp.png Fig. 4. Effect of faultline strength on outcome measures, averages over 500 replications per conditions, outcomes measured after 1000 iterations per replication N = 20, D = 3, K = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-development-of-the-opinion-distribution-for-typical-3b1c34ok.png Fig. 3. Development of the opinion distribution for typical simulation run. N = 20, D = 1, K = 2. https://scispace.com/papers/why-do-estimates-of-the-emu-effect-on-trade-vary-so-much-34u8kywvgb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimates-of-the-emu-effect-on-trade-with-varying-dwn4esjv.png Figure 4: Estimates of the EMU effect on trade with varying samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gravity-estimates-for-bilateral-exports-all-1w100c6u.png Table 3: Gravity Estimates for Bilateral Exports, all countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-gravity-estimates-for-bilateral-exports-different-3g7jmjcb.png Table 4: Gravity Estimates for Bilateral Exports, different country samples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-forest-plot-of-45-literature-estimates-of-the-emu-2xdzt0h6.png Figure 1: Forest plot of 45 literature estimates of the EMU effect on trade/exports https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationship-between-estimates-of-emu-effect-and-txzyzexu.png Figure 3: Relationship between estimates of EMU effect and sample size https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-funnel-plots-of-literature-estimates-of-emu-effect-8qsuo0iu.png Figure 2: Funnel plots of literature estimates of EMU effect on trade/exports https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-meta-estimates-of-the-emu-effect-on-trade-exports-1wwfjvb2.png Table 1: Meta-Estimates of the EMU Effect on Trade/Exports https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-meta-regression-analysis-of-the-emu-effect-on-trade-1p2xxhsm.png Table 2: Meta Regression Analysis of the EMU Effect on Trade/Exports https://scispace.com/papers/why-do-higher-education-students-drop-out-evidence-from-ubiu1vuaem 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-presents-the-summary-statistics-of-the-variables-for-hijl91z4.png Table 4 presents the summary statistics of the variables for our data-set, with means and standard deviations shown by type of program. In this table, summary statistics for time-independent variables are computed at the student level. For the time-dependent variable, we calculate first the average value over time of the variable for each student and then average this mean value over all students in the sample. https://scispace.com/papers/why-do-restaurant-firms-initiate-dividends-1mzg206tov 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dividend-initiators-and-control-firms-descriptive-2knxttw3.png Table 1: Dividend Initiators and Control Firms – Descriptive Statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dividend-initiating-years-and-firm-numbers-2fqimz5j.png Figure 1: Dividend-initiating Years and Firm Numbers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-b-pearson-correlation-analysis-for-independent-37ktxm8q.png Table 2(b): Pearson Correlation Analysis for Independent Variables within the Expectation Framework https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-a-logit-regression-results-in-the-contemporary-2kmegugs.png Table 3(a): Logit Regression Results in the Contemporary Framework. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-b-logit-regression-results-in-the-expectation-1wtjn5yx.png Table 3(a): Logit Regression Results in the Contemporary Framework. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-pearson-correlation-analysis-for-independent-dq8f35z8.png Table 2(b): Pearson Correlation Analysis for Independent Variables within the Expectation Framework https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sensitivity-test-results-pl2a61bg.png Table 4: Sensitivity Test Results https://scispace.com/papers/why-do-plaintiffs-lose-appeals-biased-trial-courts-litigious-15ker5kaym 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observable-outcomes-all-case-categories-combined-172d99ci.png Table 1: Observable Outcomes, All Case Categories Combined https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-distribution-of-outcomes-by-case-category-rgdk97p7.png Table 7: Distribution of Outcomes by Case Category https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-maximum-likelihood-estimates-of-parameters-by-case-1cgvznnb.png Table 8: Maximum Likelihood Estimates, of Parameters by Case Category https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plaintiff-and-defendant-win-rates-on-appeal-by-p-3cgigoue.png Figure 1: Plaintiff and Defendant Win Rates on Appeal by π∗. Calculated at estimated values of parameters in table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-maximum-likelihood-estimates-of-appeals-model-by-3et7tnx2.png Table 5: Maximum Likelihood Estimates of Appeals Model,by Bench or Jury Trial https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-hypothesized-reversal-rates-as-a-function-of-trial-3tf944dr.png Table 9: Hypothesized Reversal Rates As A Function of Trial Win Rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fit-of-model-of-observed-outcomes-1ppgzgjk.png Table 4: Fit of Model of Observed Outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-and-specifications-of-probabilities-2tzncj73.png Table 2: Parameters and Specifications of Probabilities: https://scispace.com/papers/why-do-people-seek-reassurance-and-check-repeatedly-an-523ed79wij 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-triggers-related-to-the-onset-of-participants-8fbpvonh.png Table 4. Triggers related to the onset of participants’ reassurance-seeking and checking behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-factors-leading-to-the-termination-of-participants-cvlqy895.png Table 6. Factors leading to the termination of participants’ reassurance-seeking and checking. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-content-of-participants-reassurance-seeking-and-x99jgbra.png Table 3. Content of participants’ reassurance-seeking and checking episodes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-function-of-participants-reassurance-seeking-and-izy516k4.png Table 5. Function of participants’ reassurance-seeking and checking behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participants-demographic-information-and-co-morbid-2p8ytitr.png Table 1. Participants’ demographic information and co-morbid diagnoses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-participants-cognitive-and-affective-variable-3ml7msqa.png Table 7. Participants’ cognitive and affective variable ratings for reassurance-seeking and checking sections. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-participants-scores-on-self-report-measures-2r3qstql.png Table 2. Participants’ scores on self-report measures. https://scispace.com/papers/why-do-poverty-rates-differ-from-region-to-region-the-case-29pstfwlge 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-decomposition-results-by-regions-vvmp4qwc.png Figure 1 Decomposition results by regions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-poverty-rates-or8yngvd.png Table 1 Estimated poverty rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-growth-elasticity-of-poverty-18hjkldf.png Table 3 Growth elasticity of poverty https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-decomposition-of-head-count-ratios-1fjmg4k6.png Table 2 Decomposition of head count ratios https://scispace.com/papers/why-do-the-public-support-or-oppose-obesity-prevention-2wbpw3lf0f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-reason-for-supporting-or-opposing-the-selected-13kbdmtx.png Table 2: Main reason for supporting or opposing the selected obesity prevention regulations (%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-support-for-the-selected-obesity-prevention-2oevzue7.png Figure 3: Support for the selected obesity prevention regulations by socio-economic quintile (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-general-public-sample-n-2732-2yfdg35b.png Table 1: Characteristics of the general public sample (n=2,732) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-main-reason-for-opposing-the-selected-obesity-1sqdsa9u.png Table 4: Main reason for opposing the selected obesity prevention regulations by socio-economic quintile, gender and age (%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-net-opposition-to-the-selected-obesity-prevention-vwejzy4p.png Figure 4: Net opposition to the selected obesity prevention regulations by socio-economic status and gender (%)(a) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-support-for-the-selected-obesity-prevention-9sq0ftbl.png Figure 2: Support for the selected obesity prevention regulations by gender https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-public-support-for-the-selected-obesity-prevention-krn638eu.png Figure 1: Public support for the selected obesity prevention regulations (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-main-reason-for-supporting-or-opposing-the-selected-209975ot.png Table 3: Main reason for supporting or opposing the selected obesity prevention regulations by socioeconomic quintile (%) https://scispace.com/papers/why-do-unemployment-benefits-raise-unemployment-durations-46k44nluo1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6a-v2ympkjs.png Figure 6b https://scispace.com/figures/table-3a-hazard-model-estimates-by-spousal-work-status-myanw8kp.png TABLE 3a Hazard Model Estimates by Spousal Work Status https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6b-3t1bda0i.png Figure 6b https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effect-of-severance-pay-on-hazard-rates-hwxtktxm.png TABLE 5 Effect of Severance Pay on Hazard Rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-statistics-for-mathematica-sample-25ltpipj.png TABLE 4 Summary Statistics for Mathematica Sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3b-1ptd2q1i.png Figure 3b https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3a-1fgvogep.png Figure 3b https://scispace.com/figures/table-1b-22uhgd1l.png TABLE 1b https://scispace.com/papers/why-don-t-japanese-early-childhood-educators-intervene-in-2byd2geu2h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2fjc75kp.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-22tj3b0q.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/why-don-t-long-finned-pilot-whales-have-a-widespread-2o246wfe5e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-number-of-genetically-assigned-offspring-3l77fk6u.png Figure 3. The number of genetically assigned offspring present in the pod for females of 359 different ages. Open circles represent the data but note that we have jittered their positions 360 slightly for clarity since data can only take integer values. 361 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-all-glmms-conducted-models-of-relatedness-2q7f334e.png Table 1. Summary of all GLMMs conducted. Models of relatedness over the lifespan used 852 relatedness values from 809 genotyped females (for which the age and sex was also known) 853 in 25 pods. Models of pregnancy status used 530 females from 22 pods. P values presented 854 are associated with removing the term from the model. 855 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relatedness-networks-within-four-pods-131-total-pod-2vk8re5i.png Figure 2. Relatedness networks within four pods: 131 (total pod size is 26 individuals, all 333 genotyped), 1114 (total pod size is 32 individuals plus 3 fetuses, 34 genotyped whales are 334 included), 313 (total pod size is 57 individuals plus 6 fetuses, 58 genotyped whales are 335 included), 217 (total pod size is 59 individuals plus 5 fetuses, 61 genotyped whales are 336 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-all-glmms-conducted-models-of-relatedness-1c7osvz5.png Table 1. Summary of all GLMMs conducted. Models of relatedness over the lifespan used 852 relatedness values from 809 genotyped females (for which the age and sex was also known) 853 in 25 pods. Models of pregnancy status used 530 females from 22 pods. P values presented 854 are associated with removing the term from the model. 855 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-distribution-of-within-pod-relatedness-values-2jh0tw7c.png Figure 1. The distribution of within-pod relatedness values is left-skewed; most individuals 326 have multiple close relatives within their pod but have low relatedness to the remainder of 327 their pod. Data comprises 58792 pairwise relatedness values between individuals from the 328 same pod. Note that relatedness values below zero represent individuals that are less 329 genetically related to each other than the population average. 330 https://scispace.com/papers/why-have-aggregate-skilled-hours-become-so-cyclical-since-52ln4doio3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-volatility-and-co-movement-of-total-hours-n7xfipk6.png Table 12: Volatility and co-movement of total hours, employment and average weekly hours per skill group: Canadian Labour Force Survey https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-total-hours-and-skill-premium-1rpi201r.png Figure 1: Total Hours and Skill Premium https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-cyclical-behavior-of-gdp-skilled-and-unskilled-36bgovlu.png Figure 14: Cyclical Behavior of GDP, Skilled and Unskilled Employment - March CPS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-capital-skill-complementarity-and-the-business-s5yazpgm.png Figure 4: Capital-Skill Complementarity and the Business Cycle https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-calibration-under-changing-parameters-12kskcuk.png Table 10: Calibration under Changing Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-volatility-and-co-movement-of-the-skill-premium-and-2fn9sm2l.png Table 2: Volatility and co-movement of the skill premium and wages per skill group and in the aggregate (Household Survey) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-volatility-and-co-movement-of-total-hours-employment-2y48ywza.png Table 7: Volatility and co-movement of total hours, employment and average weekly hours per skill group: alternative skill definition (skilled workers must have a master degree). Legend: a, b, c denote correlations significant at 1, 5, and 10 percent level, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-quantitative-results-effect-of-changing-capital-w3dv7oq6.png Table 11: Quantitative Results: effect of changing capital-skill complementarity https://scispace.com/papers/why-is-dissipative-work-insistently-ignored-the-case-of-heat-225ehg2jwt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-heating-a-gas-from-t-to-t-dt-at-a-constant-volume-1phxxy30.png Figure 1. Heating a gas from T to T+ΔT at (a) constant volume and (b) constant pressure. In both cases, the gas is supplied with heat Q and/or dissipative work WD, which are indistinguishable to the system. https://scispace.com/papers/why-is-it-so-difficult-to-find-an-effect-of-exchange-rate-qws91ftxob 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-risk-measures-for-canadian-dollar-real-exchange-dwqr80l9.png Figure 1: Risk measures for Canadian dollar real exchange rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-risk-measures-for-japanese-yen-real-exchange-rate-e6uv6l9f.png Figure 2: Risk measures for Japanese yen real exchange rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-autocorrelation-in-monthly-real-exchange-rate-20g8xwyv.png Table 1: Autocorrelation in monthly real exchange rate volatility https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ar-2-estimation-results-for-monthly-real-exchange-30sbxah7.png Table 2: AR(2) estimation results for monthly real exchange rate volatility https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-real-exchange-rate-risk-vbvnz8s6.png Table 3: Descriptive statistics of real exchange rate risk measure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-total-e-ect-of-regressors-on-1in10tqk.png Figure 3: Distribution of total e¤ect ¯ of regressors on exports over time according to a Poisson(¸) lag structure https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimation-results-for-export-equations-2zi2fd9g.png Table 4: Estimation results for export equations https://scispace.com/papers/why-is-the-explicit-component-of-motor-adaptation-limited-in-25y38hw1c8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cognitive-motor-dual-task-paradigms-explicit-3oawpe5z.png Figure 2: Cognitive-motor dual task paradigms. Explicit adaptation level was assessed with cued motor adaptation. A change 178 in cursor color indicated the presence or absence of a 40 ° visuomotor rotation. In the baseline of the cued motor adaptation 179 experiment, a dual-task was introduced to quantify the amount of cognitive resources applied during unperturbed reaching. 180 Two designs of the dual-task were used: A) Flanker dual-task design (E1). The cognitive-motor dual-task consisted of a 181 combination of an unperturbed target reaching task and a flanker task. During the flanker task, participants had to indicate 182 the direction of the middle arrow among several arrows as fast as possible. B) Working memory dual-task design (E2). The 183 cognitive-motor dual-task consisted of a combination of unperturbed target reaching and a visual working memory task. In 184 the visual working memory task, participants had to remember positions of red dots, which were presented in a circular array. 185 Afterwards they had to indicate whether a probed position contained a red dot. (1 s = 1 second) 186 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-motor-and-cognitive-dual-task-cost-a-motor-dual-ezjmv08h.png Figure 7: Motor and cognitive dual-task cost. A) Motor dual-task cost calculated as the relative change in median reaction 578 time of reaching was not different between young and older adults. B) Cognitive dual-task cost for working memory capacity 579 was not different between young and older adults. C) No link was observed between explicit adaptation and motor dual-task 580 cost. D) No link between explicit adaptation and cognitive dual-task cost. 581 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cognitive-resources-hypothesis-left-part-cognitive-1telhnb4.png Figure 1: Cognitive resources hypothesis. Left part: Cognitive resources hypothesis: Elderly adults require more cognitive 84 resources to perform goal-directed reaching compared to younger adults (orange blocks). The total amount of resources is 85 reduced with aging (blue dotted area). As a result, fewer resources are available for explicit adaptation in the elderly. The 86 elderly have a saturation of their resources when adjusting their movement (two red blocks). Young adults, instead, do not 87 reach their total amount of available resources (five red blocks, still two additional blocks remain available). Right part: 88 “compensation-related utilization of neural circuits hypothesis (CRUNCH)” (Figure adapted from Grady, 2012) applied to 89 motor adaptation: In unperturbed reaching (i.e. lower cognitive load task) elderly people recruit more cognitive resources 90 (orange box), while young people can apply more cognitive resources (blue box) during development of explicit adaptation 91 (i.e. higher cognitive load task). 92 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-motor-and-cognitive-dual-task-costs-a-b-dual-task-1341hlzi.png Figure 4: Motor and cognitive dual-task costs: A-B) Dual-task costs were not different for young and older adults. However, 510 the two dual-task costs were bigger than zero for both age groups. C-D) No link was observed between explicit adaptation 511 and dual-task costs. DTC, dual-task cost; I, interaction. 512 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-link-between-working-memory-capacity-and-explicit-1su1oqyc.png Figure 8: Link between working memory capacity and explicit adaptation. A) Single-task working memory capacity was lower 592 for older adults. B) Dual-task working memory capacity was lower for older adults. C) Positive link between explicit adaptation 593 and single-task working memory capacity. D) No link observed between explicit adaptation and dual-task working memory 594 capacity. 595 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-link-between-working-memory-capacity-wmc-and-gkpdwgqg.png Figure 5: Link between working memory capacity (WMC) and explicit adaptation. A) Working memory capacity was lower 522 for older adults compared to younger adults. For three (of 81) subjects no working memory capacity data was obtained. B) A 523 positive correlation existed between explicit adaptation during the learning block and working memory capacity. 524 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-differences-in-motor-adaptation-between-young-and-1yofy534.png Figure 3: Differences in motor adaptation between young and older adults. A) Decreased overall cue-evoked adaptation in 484 older adults compared to younger adults in learning and relearning block. During the uncued trials, the level of implicit 485 adaptation was measured and the cued trials preceding the uncued trials allowed us to calculate explicit adaptation. B) Final 486 adaptation level at the end of the learning and relearning block was lower in older adults. C) Implicit adaptation was not 487 different for younger adults and older adults in learning and relearning. D) Explicit adaptation was reduced in the learning 488 and the relearning block for older adults compared to younger adults. 489 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-differences-in-adaptation-between-young-and-older-1gy9qnou.png Figure 6: Differences in adaptation between young and older adults. A) Decreased overall cue-evoked adaptation in older 543 adults. During the uncued trials, the level of implicit adaptation was measured and the cued trials preceding the uncued trials 544 allowed to calculate explicit adaptation. B) Final adaptation level at the end of the learning block was lower in older adults. 545 C) Implicit adaptation was not different for younger and older adults. D) Explicit adaptation was reduced for older adults 546 compared to younger adults. 547 https://scispace.com/papers/why-is-insulin-pump-treatment-rarely-used-in-adolescents-and-2diuusj3ub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographics-of-cfrd-and-t1d-patients-who-3j4xvk0j.png Table 2. Demographics of CFRD and T1D patients who discontinued insulin pump therapy https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-cfrd-patients-currently-under-1p4vezvl.png Table 1. Demographics of CFRD patients currently under insulin pump treatment compared to CFRD patients with conventional injection regimes and pump-treated T1D patients https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-current-type-of-insulin-regimen-in-cfrd-and-t1d-1m74ndr2.png Fig. 1. Current type of insulin regimen in CFRD and T1D. https://scispace.com/papers/why-is-it-so-difficult-to-beat-the-random-walk-forecast-of-g6cwhehzfa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-contd-dlh8if72.png Figure 7 (contd.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-response-surface-for-forecast-accuracy-gains-of-vhlw30ht.png Figure 3: Response Surface for Forecast Accuracy Gains of ESTAR Model Relative to Random Walk Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-half-lives-in-quarters-3ju2l9cw.png Table 2: Estimated Half Lives in Quarters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-actual-and-simulated-real-exchange-rates-based-on-a-1tiag08d.png Figure 1: Actual and Simulated Real Exchange Rates Based on a Representative Random Draw https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-contd-2pa0a1jo.png Figure 2 (contd.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-power-of-bootstrap-test-procedure-at-the-10-1jf19ii3.png Figure 6 (contd.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effective-size-of-bootstrap-test-procedure-under-2atk2xtr.png Figure 5: Effective Size of Bootstrap Test Procedure under ESTAR Null https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-plots-of-estimated-transition-functions-and-3so77lwl.png Figure 2 (contd.) https://scispace.com/papers/why-is-the-subsidy-on-fertilizers-for-rice-in-sri-lanka-2gunp5dysi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-16-the-direction-and-magnitude-of-change-in-farmers-ldpy9o4d.png Figure 4.16 The direction and magnitude of change in farmer’s urea use since the commencement of the current subsidy scheme by irrigation regime https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-stages-of-field-data-collection-and-the-2ihlhur2.png Figure 3.1 Stages of field data collection and the participating informants https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-the-guide-of-maximum-yield-potential-forecast-for-180e0gv8.png Table 2.2 The guide of maximum yield potential forecast for each climatic zone used in making the fertilizer recommendation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3-fertilizer-provisioning-under-the-subsidy-scheme-qivsypto.png Table 2.3 Fertilizer provisioning under the subsidy scheme for cultivation zones identified by climate and irrigation regime https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-16-cross-tabulation-between-the-reported-change-and-2e735mwo.png Table 5.16 Cross-tabulation between the reported change and the reason given for the change in wealth over the five years since the commencement of the current subsidy scheme in the aggregate sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-total-cost-of-production-per-season-by-irrigation-774u8k7l.png Figure 4.5 Total cost of production per season by irrigation regime https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-6-proportion-of-farmers-incurring-different-14mxvshd.png Figure 4.6 Proportion of farmers incurring different variable costs by irrigation regime https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-9-the-direction-and-magnitude-of-discrepancy-in-23f6mz6v.png Figure 4.9 The direction and magnitude of discrepancy in farmers’ reporting of TSP by irrigation regime https://scispace.com/papers/why-is-the-transference-theory-of-causation-insufficient-the-10yaaekp8p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-aharonov-bohm-effect-figure-extracted-from-shech-13ypn177.png Figure 1: Aharonov-Bohm effect. Figure extracted from (Shech 2007). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-this-figure-is-extracted-from-olariu-and-popescu-1m42xh5e.png Figure 2: This figure is extracted from (Olariu and Popescu 1985, p. 350). It represents the electronic interference pattern in a two-slit experiment. In (a) there is no magnetic field. In (b), there is a magnetic field crossed by electrons. In (c) there is a magnetic field that is not crossed by electrons (A-B effect). https://scispace.com/papers/why-is-the-universe-of-sets-not-a-set-1x67asnzc2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-potential-hierarchy-of-sets-3dh8801k.png Fig. 2 The potential hierarchy of sets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-cumulative-hierarchy-of-sets-al2qycaa.png Fig. 1 The cumulative hierarchy of sets. https://scispace.com/papers/why-should-majority-voting-be-unfair-3e6d2m2rth 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-two-type-mixed-models-32hzze8u.png Table 5: Two-type mixed models https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-four-type-mixed-model-9qwjbgkx.png Table 7: Four-type mixed model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-goodness-of-fits-of-logit-and-nested-logit-models-3a2g5m1j.png Table 1: Goodness of fits of logit and nested logit models https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-goodness-of-fits-of-mixed-multi-type-models-bxaxwc1d.png Table 2: Goodness of fits of mixed multi-type models https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-goodness-of-fits-of-heterogenous-models-1d9op7vx.png Table 3: Goodness of fits of heterogenous models https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameter-estimates-for-logit-and-nested-logit-endycoin.png Table 4: Parameter estimates for logit and nested logit models without mixture of motives https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-three-type-mixed-models-22mwvz9a.png Table 6: Three-type mixed models https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-estimates-for-models-with-time-dependent-parameters-2qbs3pds.png Table 9: Estimates for models with time-dependent parameters. All parameters x ∈ {λ,α,β} have an initial value and a time dependency parameter κx ; the parameter value in game g is x+κx · g. The goodness-of-fit does not improve significantly over the constant models, suggesting that parameters do not change significantly. https://scispace.com/papers/why-should-mitochondria-define-species-31g24ld3v9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-clustering-of-0-6-kbp-coi-barcode-segments-accurately-3ep1an0a.png Fig. 3. Clustering of 0.6 kbp COI barcode segments accurately represents the complete 12 kbp coding mitogenome. At top, COI and mt genome NJ trees exhibit similar clustering patterns. At bottom, average pairwise differences within and between species in each set are about the same whether calculated from COI barcodes or coding mitogenomes. As in Fig. 2 legend, apparent exceptions with phylogeographic divisions (locusts) or shared or overlapping clusters (bears, fruit flies) are noted. NJ tree scale bars for number of individuals and percent K2P distance are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mtdna-clusters-reflect-synonymous-substitutions-charts-26tvlwax.png Fig. 5. mtDNA clusters reflect synonymous substitutions. Charts depict nucleotide and amino acid differences from the mode for congeneric COI barcode sets in Fig. 3. Nucleotide differences are colorized (A=green; C=blue; G=black; T=red). To minimize contribution of sequence errors and missing data, the 648 bp barcode region is trimmed by 10% at either end, leaving 519 nt/173 amino acids. At right, synonymous (S) and non-synonymous (N) average pairwise distances within (W) and between (B) species. Horizontal bar indicates mean and vertical line indicates maximum and minimum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-fertile-hybrids-mytilus-mussels-exhibit-complex-gsqtviay.png Fig. 6. Fertile hybrids. Mytilus mussels exhibit complex patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear introgression, reflecting multiple historical and recent hybridization events, some following introduction of non-native species for aquaculture. F1 hybrids are fertile even though parental species differ by 10-20% in COI nucleotide sequence. This supports view that mtDNA clustering is not due to species-specific adaptations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-low-intraspecific-coi-barcode-variation-is-the-norm-in-y81mjx72.png Fig. 1. Low intraspecific COI barcode variation is the norm in animals, not an artifact of handpicking examples or small sample size. Variation is expressed as average pairwise difference (APD) between individuals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-species-are-islands-in-sequence-space-coi-barcode-nj-567prmd3.png Fig. 4. Species are islands in sequence space. COI barcode NJ tree and Klee diagram of American Robin (Turdus migratorius) and closely related Turdus species. To generate dataset, a single American robin COI barcode was used to search GenBank using BLAST, and the top 100 matches were downloaded. In Klee diagram, numbers indicate species, asterisk marks T. migratorius sequences, and indicator vector correlation scale is at right, with 1 representing 100% sequence identity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-kimuras-equilibrium-model-alone-is-insufficient-to-70s6aay5.png Fig. 7. Kimura’s equilibrium model alone is insufficient to account for usual levels of intraspecific variation in animal species. APD and census population size for 112 bird species without phylogeographic clusters are shown. Dashed line is expected APD limit due to (AVP = 2 N μ, where N = population size and μ = mutation rate, using 10-8 substitutions/site/ generation, or 1% per My, assuming generation time is 1 y). Average effective population size in the birds shown is 70 thousand (range 0-300 thousand); average census population size is 30 million (range 5 thousand to 500 million). Human mitochondrial variation (population 7.5 billion, APD 0.1%) is typical of that in other animal species. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relatively-large-interspecific-differences-as-compared-19tw6oi1.png Fig. 2. Relatively large interspecific differences, as compared to uniformly small intraspecific differences, are the norm in animals. Together these yield the familiar clustering pattern that enables DNA barcode species identification. Shown are neighbor-joining (NJ) trees (with scale bars for number of individuals and percent K2P distance) and average pairwise distance (APD) within and between sets of closely-related congeneric species. At top, NJ trees with bars marking species clusters. Exceptions to the one species/one cluster rule include cases with multiple clusters within species, corresponding to geographically isolated populations [marked as (W)estern and (E)astern], and cases with clusters shared between species, marked by double vertical lines. At bottom, APDs for the same congeneric sets, with average (horizontal bar) and range (vertical bar) of intraspecific and interspecific APDs shown. https://scispace.com/papers/why-stay-home-temporal-association-of-pain-fatigue-and-4bspyyi57t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frequency-of-observations-by-location-26j0y18b.png Table 2 Frequency of observations by location https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-depression-measured-contemporaneously-lagged-one-day-2r6ehs2z.png Table 6 Depression measured contemporaneously, lagged one day, and lagged between periods within days regressed on being at home https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pain-measured-contemporaneously-lagged-one-day-and-i7f6pa1z.png Table 4 Pain measured contemporaneously, lagged one day, and lagged between periods within days regressed on being at home https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-fatigue-measured-contemporaneously-lagged-one-day-2tobdb5a.png Table 5 Fatigue measured contemporaneously, lagged one day, and lagged between periods within days regressed on being at home https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-of-respondents-n-5-139-286pseaj.png Table 1 Demographic characteristics of respondents (n 5 139) https://scispace.com/papers/why-states-co-operate-over-shared-water-the-water-1gi79w1677 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-freshwater-consumption-per-person-and-year-in-israel-2xcacz7x.png Table 1. Freshwater consumption per person and year in Israel, The Palestinian Authority Areas (the West Bank and Gaza) and Jordan https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-bilateral-model-of-the-complex-relationship-1d7jxc3q.png Figure 1: A bilateral model of the complex relationship between actor and structure and the influence experts have on negotiators https://scispace.com/papers/why-structural-recursion-should-be-taught-before-arrays-in-55v9rlok2y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-picture-corresponding-to-an-object-of-a-3sgjdviv.png Figure 1: Picture corresponding to an object of a RingedTarget class. https://scispace.com/papers/why-the-best-way-of-learning-to-coach-the-game-is-playing-33ys4wkswi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-p4j7rzfl.png Table 1. Sample characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/why-tenth-graders-fail-to-finish-high-school-a-dropout-1bs1yp7si3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-of-lca-continuous-variables-for-the-three-1l5bsxpz.png Table 2: Means of LCA continuous variables for the three identified groups in the dropout typology. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percent-responses-to-survey-questions-in-2006-about-1xuo7346.png Table 3: Percent responses to survey questions in 2006 about why the student dropped out of school, disaggregated by subgroup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-the-indicators-of-each-of-the-3cuieabp.png Figure 3: Comparison of the indicators of each of the subgroups in the identified dropout typology. Typology descriptors from the previous literature that align with each of the three types are listed at the bottom of each box. Major factors that differ across the typology are listed below each identified subgroup in bold. Size of box indicates proportion in the sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-latent-class-analysis-lca-model-for-a-dropout-2s4bh6kx.png Figure 1: Latent Class Analysis (LCA) model for a dropout typology. https://scispace.com/papers/why-the-dichotomy-l1-versus-lx-user-is-better-than-native-3f24h3ul9z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-from-native-non-native-speaker-to-l1-lx-user-1fxqipbh.png Table 1: From native/non-native speaker to L1/LX user https://scispace.com/papers/why-the-british-do-not-learn-languages-myths-and-motivation-fvwr0bxt2d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-future-linguistic-incompetence-present-educational-2syeqcz9.png Table 3: Future linguistic incompetence, present educational failure: average number of foreign languages studied at school, in higher secondary education https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-future-linguistic-incompetence-present-educational-2wji43un.png Table 2: Future linguistic incompetence, present educational failure: average number of foreign languages studied at school, in lower secondary education https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-present-linguistic-incompetence-past-educational-m4h8th9x.png Table 1: Present linguistic incompetence, past educational failure: percentage of adults unable to hold a conversation except in their mother tongue https://scispace.com/papers/why-the-host-community-just-isn-t-enough-processes-and-2yqn4f6mav 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sample-characteristics-based-on-37-interviews-with-l5gfc3eg.png Table 2 Sample characteristics based on 37 interviews with backpackers https://scispace.com/papers/why-u-s-money-does-not-cause-u-s-output-but-does-cause-hong-40h2r0h59h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-variance-decomposition-2uafksh0.png Table 4. Variance Decomposition https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-causality-tests-using-rust-as-the-monetary-cxb8yrmj.png Table 2a. Causality Tests using Rust as the Monetary Instrument; Trivariate System https://scispace.com/figures/table-1b-cointegration-trace-test-2ldubivs.png Table 1b. Cointegration Trace Test https://scispace.com/figures/table-2b-causality-tests-using-must-as-the-monetary-2aylcbj7.png Table 2a. Causality Tests using Rust as the Monetary Instrument; Trivariate System https://scispace.com/figures/table-3a-causality-tests-using-rust-as-the-monetary-1va49irh.png Table 3a. Causality Tests using Rust as the Monetary Instrument; Bivariate System https://scispace.com/figures/table-3b-causality-tests-using-must-as-the-monetary-19lqi3j3.png Table 3a. Causality Tests using Rust as the Monetary Instrument; Bivariate System https://scispace.com/figures/table-1a-cointegration-max-test-18qrc7wv.png Table 1b. Cointegration Trace Test https://scispace.com/papers/why-warner-lieberman-failed-and-how-to-get-america-s-working-1aihbeskju 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-predicted-votes-for-missing-senators-2x54hj3w.png Table 6: Predicted Votes for Missing Senators https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-model-prediction-accuracy-1paw80l4.png Table 4: Model Prediction Accuracy https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-incorrectly-predicted-votes-2h55tt5i.png Table 5. Incorrectly-Predicted Votes https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-simulated-warner-lieberman-votes-z3jvgdhr.png Table 7: Simulated Warner-Lieberman Votes https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-impact-of-state-income-per-capita-yes-vote-xsfkrzwn.png Table 8: Impact of State Income Per Capita Yes-Vote Probabilities For 27 Simulations https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-projected-warner-lieberman-votes-1epvcapc.png Table 9: Projected Warner-Lieberman Votes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-state-level-indicators-of-income-fossil-fuel-2pra4742.png Table 1: State-Level Indicators of Income, Fossil-Fuel Dependency and Conservatism https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-min-and-max-values-of-voting-determinants-by-cloture-1avnk2xf.png Table 2: Min and Max Values of Voting Determinants by Cloture Vote https://scispace.com/papers/why-westerners-are-dissatisfied-a-cross-sectional-study-1f9fly9nis 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multivariable-model-for-private-health-insurance-1tmijcrt.png Table 2: Multivariable Model for Private Health Insurance Satisfaction including State-level Factors and Insurance Family https://scispace.com/papers/wide-area-detection-of-voltage-instability-from-synchronized-3qt0qb9zql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-case-a-voltages-at-buses-1041-1042-and-1043-34eaebel.png Fig. 2. Case A: voltages at buses 1041, 1042 and 1043 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cases-b-and-c-voltage-at-bus-1041-o6iq8eeq.png Fig. 4. Cases B and C: Voltage at bus 1041 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-case-c-sensitivitiessqgqj-at-various-buses-2on485xj.png Fig. 6. Case C: sensitivitiesSQgQj at various buses https://scispace.com/papers/wide-bandwidth-millimeter-resolution-inverse-synthetic-4n0uinpa8i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ssim-values-plotted-as-a-function-of-the-number-of-qjnokudc.png Fig. 5. SSIM values plotted as a function of the number of evenly spaced angular samples for the Radon reconstruction, as compared to the full Radon reconstruction with 360 samples, for standard and super resolution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-top-view-of-the-isar-experimental-setup-illustrating-mwe5bl7a.png Fig. 1. Top view of the ISAR experimental setup, illustrating the complex target composed of one rod at the center of rotation (1), two PEC rods (2, 3), and one PEC rectangle (4). The rod at the center of rotation was either PEC or dielectric. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-measured-down-range-returns-for-a-75-110-ghz-3de3r08a.png Fig. 2. (a) Measured down-range returns for a 75–110 GHz frequency sweep from the PEC and dielectric rods at the same physical location, showing a 9 mm range delay from the front surface for the latter, and the predicted dielectric rod down-range returns calculated from MoM and SBR simulations with a 6.4 mm diameter rod (ϵr 2). The corresponding RAI of measurements from (b) a PEC rod and (c) a dielectric rod are plotted as a function of rotation angle. (d) Measured down-range returns of the PEC and dielectric rods using SR, showing both the front return and the 9 mm range delayed return for the dielectric. The corresponding SR RAI of (e) a PEC rod and (f ) a dielectric rod plotted as a function of rotation angle. The dynamic range from purple to black spans 45 dB in the RAI plots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rai-plots-of-the-target-for-a-75-110-ghz-sweep-with-i0hsh4b7.png Fig. 3. RAI plots of the target for a 75–110 GHz sweep with samples evenly spaced every 1° across 360° of rotation for the (a) measured data, (b) SBR simulation, and (c) MoM simulation of the complex, four-object target. As labeled in Fig. 1, the white line is object 1, the purple line is object 2, the orange line is object 3, and the green line is object 4. Reconstructed ISAR images of the complex target using the Radon transform from 75–110 GHz with 30 evenly spaced samples across 360° of rotation for the (d) measured data, (e) SBR simulation, and (f ) MoM simulation. The dynamic range from purple to black spans 45 dB in the RAI plots and 25 dB in the ISAR reconstructions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-rai-plot-from-the-range-returns-for-a-75-110-ghz-tpl3oj8d.png Fig. 4. (a) RAI plot from the range returns for a 75–110 GHz sweep of linearly spaced samples measured across 360° of rotation, and the associated Radon transform reconstructions for (b) 12, (c) 30, and (d) 360 evenly spaced angular samples. (e) RAI plot from the SR range returns for a 75–110 GHz sweep of linearly spaced samples measured across 360° of rotation, and the associated SR Radon transform reconstructions for (f ) 12, (g) 30, and (h) 360 evenly spaced angular samples. The dynamic range from purple to black spans 45 dB in the RAI plots and 25 dB in the reconstructions. https://scispace.com/papers/wide-field-time-gated-spad-imager-for-phasor-based-flim-26etwrd7tn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-conceptual-illustration-of-the-phasor-method-a-a-gate-7s4z8x6f.png Fig. 3. Conceptual illustration of the phasor method. (a) A gate with a fixed width W is scanned across the 50 ns fluorescence decay period. Each gate is associated with a “nanotime” specifying its start time with respect to the laser pulse. Each pixel in a gate image contains the number of photons detected during the gate image exposure time. (b) The phasor of the decay (P) recorded in a given pixel is calculated as the weighted average of the gate image intensity multiplied by a cosine or sine term depending on the gate nanotime (Eq. (3)). For a single-exponential decay, P is located on the universal semicircle, approaching the origin point (0, 0) as lifetime increases toward infinity. The phase lifetime is calculated using φ, the angle of the line connecting P to the origin according to Eq. (4). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-swissspad2s-performance-with-state-of-9zfx9uqx.png TABLE 1: Comparison of SwissSPAD2’s performance with state-of-the-art time-resolved scientific cameras. Some detectors are (or can be) equipped with microlenses (µL) and have therefore two distinct fill factor values: native (without microlenses) and with microlenses. The Maximum PDP/QE value correspond to the case with microlenses when applicable. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-conceptual-illustration-of-mixture-analysis-p-is-the-1zcvtmmq.png Fig. 4. Conceptual illustration of mixture analysis. P is the phasor of the mixture, τ 1 and τ 2 are the phasors of two dyes, and d 1 and d 2 are the distances between the phasors of the dyes and the mixture. The phasor ratio can be found by calculating the ratio of the phasor distances, then can be converted to volume fraction using Eq. (16). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-characteristics-of-the-gate-in-the-firmware-that-was-10k9psug.png Fig. 1. Characteristics of the gate in the firmware that was used in the FLIM experiment. The response of every other 4th pixel in the center 472×256 array is plotted. The minimum achievable gate length is 10.8 ns. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-phase-lifetime-and-standard-deviation-in-ns-obtained-f9r0du83.png TABLE 2: Phase lifetime and standard deviation (in ns) obtained from Fig. 6. The measured phase lifetimes are slightly shorter than the literature values (Cy3B: 2.8 ns, R6G: 4.08 ns) and the standard deviation scales as G-1/2 as expected from Eq. (12). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-phasor-scatter-plots-for-the-r6g-t-4-08-ns-and-cy3b-t-3lwr8h6s.png Fig. 6. Phasor scatter plots for the R6G (τ = 4.08 ns) and Cy3B (τ = 2.8 ns) solutions obtained with 2,800 (a), 140 (b) and 16 (c) gate positions and calibrated with the corresponding ATTO 550 dataset (τ = 3.6 ns). The visual separation of the phasors of the two samples becomes more challenging when fewer gates (and thus fewer photons) are used. Even with as low as 16 gates, the two samples are clearly distinguishable. Experiment parameters: laser and phasor frequency: 20 MHz, gate width: 13.1 ns, array size: 472×256, binning: 4×4, bit depth: 8 (R6G & Cy3B), 16 (ATTO 550), pile-up correction: on, background correction: on, percentage of removed pixels: 0% (R6G & Cy3B), 0.5% (ATTO 550). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-microscopic-image-of-swissspad2-pixels-with-3l8etdze.png Fig. 2. (a) Microscopic image of SwissSPAD2 pixels with microlenses. Scale bar is 200 μm. (b-c) Fluorescence intensity image of a convallaria majalis sample captured with SwissSPAD2 (b) without and (c) with microlenses (22). Mean photon count without microlenses: 41.4. Mean photon count with microlenses: 109.6. Microlens concentration factor: 2.65. Experimental parameters: V ex : 6.5 V, array size: 453×210, bit depth: 10, integration time: 3.21 ms, λ emission : 607 nm, pile-up correction: on. Hot pixels with 1% highest dark count rate in the array were corrected using an interpolation method based on setting their intensity values to the mean of the four nearestneighbor pixels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-gate-intensity-profiles-coordinates-193190-of-a-atto-3i4bfaqd.png Fig. 5. Gate intensity profiles (coordinates (193,190)) of (a) ATTO 550, (b) Cy3B, (c) Rhodamine 6G (R6G), and (d) quantum dot (QD585) solutions. Parameters: laser frequency: 20 MHz, gate width W = 13.1 ns, bit depth: 10, background correction: off. Blue: no pile-up correction, red: pile-up correction. https://scispace.com/papers/wide-field-infrared-survey-telescope-wfirst-slitless-4nj6li1qk0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-diffraction-limited-performance-for-the-entire-fov-3u439vxu.png Figure 4. Diffraction limited performance for the entire FOV and entire wavelength range. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-real-test-setup-of-figure-15-the-theodolite-behind-1u5bek63.png Figure 16. Real test setup of Figure 15 . The theodolite behind the return mirror was used to parts setup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-element-2-wavefront-test-setup-design-a-collimated-3w1vi9z6.png Figure 15. Element #2 wavefront test setup design. A collimated beam from Zygo interferometer has a wavelength of 632.8nm. The CGH sits in the collimated space. The focus carrier converges the beam after the CGH to compensate the negative power of E2, and provide wavefront correction at the same time. The light coming out of the E2 is collimated again but slightly tilted. The return mirror is aligned nominal to the beam for returning the beam back to interferometer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wfirst-afta-a-unique-probe-of-cosmic-structure-12y3aicn.png Figure 1. WFIRST-AFTA: A unique probe of cosmic structure formation history. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cycle-6-grism-optical-design-on-the-left-is-the-1tx3gvjf.png Figure 5. Cycle 6 grism optical design. On the left is the grism layout. On the right is the grism with the beam splitter to direct the visible light to guidance detectors. Ray trace from M3 is not shown for visibility. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-shows-a-theoretical-prediction-of-diffraction-321seeu2.png Figure 8 shows a theoretical prediction of diffraction versus wavelength in the defined 1.35 µm – 1.95 µm range. It is noted that the efficiency drops by about 10% for the two edge wavelengths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-measured-diffraction-efficiency-of-the-visible-1kwig4xg.png Figure 7. Measured diffraction efficiency of the visible wavelength initial grating coupon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-zernike-polynomial-fit-to-a-wavefront-map-of-k0p7kthn.png Figure 14. Zernike polynomial fit to a wavefront map of Element #1 that is measured by NIST IR3 phase shift interferometer. The raw wavefront data is then processed using Zygo software MX . https://scispace.com/papers/wideband-all-optical-3r-wdm-regeneration-based-on-dual-pump-2s2whdjpke 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-experimental-red-dot-and-theoretical-blue-line-2d36t65s.png Fig. 2. (a) Experimental (red dot) and theoretical (blue line) static transfer function of regeneration block for five WDM channels (b) BER of degraded (23 dB OSNR) and regenerated middle channel at PS = 2, 8 and 20 mW, (c) overall sensitivity gain and (d) contribution of crosstalk penalty for each channel at 10-9 BER level with 23 dB OSNR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-tl-tunable-laser-mzm-mach-zehnder-1f9muman.png Fig. 1. Experimental setup. TL: tunable laser; MZM: Mach-Zehnder modulator; PM: phase modulator; d: electrical delay; PC: polarization controller, TBF: tunable bandpass filter; WDM: wavelength division multiplexer; OSA: optical spectrum analyzer; Atn: attenuator; PD: photo detector, BERT: bit error rate tester; CW: continuous wave laser; AWG: arbitrary waveform generator; ASE: amplified spontaneous emission. https://scispace.com/papers/wide-parameter-search-for-isolated-pulsars-using-the-hough-466p71efcj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-sensitivities-of-the-three-ligo-detectors-3bo00q9h.png Figure 1. Typical sensitivities of the three LIGO detectors during the S2 run with a 1% false alarm rate and 10% false dismissal rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pipeline-for-the-semi-coherent-hough-search-for-a-3qrdkgzl.png Figure 2. Pipeline for the semi-coherent Hough search for a single interferometer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hough-maps-for-the-hardware-injected-signal-p1-in-36xcuduk.png Figure 5. Hough maps for the hardware injected signal P1 in L1. Map 2442 (topleft) corresponds to 1279.123333 Hz, and contains the template which is closest to the signal. The top-right panel is a zoom of this map, showing the signal more clearly. Maps 2222 and 2662 (bottom-left and bottom-right) have a larger mismatch in frequency; they correspond to 1279.112222 Hz and 1279.134444 Hz respectively. The signal is detected in these maps also, but with a mismatched sky-location. P1 was injected at a right acsension and declination of 5.147 rad 0.3767 rad respectively. This sky-location corresponds roughly to the center of the skypatches shown in these figures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-maximum-mean-minimum-and-standard-deviation-of-3dgvfxqy.png Figure 3. Top: maximum, mean, minimum and standard deviation of the number count of all the Hough maps in the frequency band 206-207 Hz. The data corresponds to L1 for the entire S2 run using 687 SFTs with a time baseline of 30 minutes. Bottom: the solid line corresponds to the L1 number-count distribution obtained in that band, and in red circles the theoretical expected binomial distribution for 687 SFTs and a peak selection probability of 20%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-graph-of-the-l1-maximum-number-count-per-frequency-qe1qd411.png Figure 4. Graph of the L1 maximum number count per frequency analyzed, maximized over all spin-down values and sky locations. The dash-dotted line is the corresponding threshold nth for a false alarm α of 10−10. https://scispace.com/papers/wideband-superconducting-nanotube-electrometer-3k7kelmzhp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-an-electromagnetic-wave-from-a-transmission-line-is-1jvynh4j.png FIG. 1. (a) An electromagnetic wave from a transmission line is reflected from the superconducting nanotube sample; ZL entering Eq. (1) is the impedance seen to the left from the dashed line. (b) Lumped element RCSJ-model of a Josephson junction that is capacitively coupled to a transmission line having characteristic impedance Z0. (c) Experimental realization of (a). The reflection measurement is implemented using two circulators in order to https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-differential-conductance-measured-with-zero-bias-1d12dp13.png FIG. 4. (a) Differential conductance measured with zero bias against VG with and without microwave are plotted with black and blue curves, respectively. Note that the resistance of the sample can be still tuned to 50 X (red line) with the used microwave excitation of 120 dBm. (b) Reflection measurement of the charge sensitivity at gate voltage point where Isw 1.3 nA yields sensitivity of 3:1 10 5 e= ffiffiffiffiffiffi Hz https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-iv-characteristics-of-the-sample-under-strong-2h5dzdw3.png FIG. 3. IV characteristics of the sample under strong microwave irradiation. Measured and simulated data are plotted with red and black color, respectively. Sample is biased to VG¼ 0.015 V. Equivalent microwave current amplitudes IMW/IC are 0, 1.1, 1.4, and 1.9 in (a), (b), (c), and (d), respectively. The junction parameters were chosen as: CþCK¼ 125 fF, R¼ 3.9 kX, and IC¼ 5.7 nA. The total junction capacitance is thus dominated by the coupling capacitor CK. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-collection-of-iv-curves-measured-within60-8-v-gate-12lhlw38.png FIG. 2. (a) Collection of IV-curves measured within60.8 V gate voltage range from a current biased carbon nanotube sample with Ti/Al contacts. Supercurrent is seen at all VG values. (b) IV-curves measured at VG¼ 0.24 V, blue, and VG¼ 0.015 V, red, demonstrate gate tunability of the switching and retrapping current. https://scispace.com/papers/wideband-rf-photonic-in-phase-and-quadrature-phase-4ttchzxy84 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-system-im-1frk94b3.png Fig. 2. System im https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-magnitude-of-impulse-response-of-a-four-31eqcu6b.png Fig. 1. (Color online) Magnitude of impulse response of a four-tap system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-measured-and-simulated-system-response-a-8qtckmhh.png Fig. 3. (Color online) Measured and simulated system response: (a) magnitude, (b) phase. https://scispace.com/papers/wideband-printed-monopole-design-using-a-genetic-algorithm-1kucp0s13h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measured-radiation-patterns-for-the-xz-yz-and-xy-23myox2z.png Fig. 4. Measured radiation patterns for the (xz), (yz), and (xy) planes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-antenna-geometry-optimized-for-linear-phase-response-345bnyql.png Fig. 5. Antenna geometry optimized for linear phase response with measured phase of the return loss. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-antenna-geometry-optimized-for-wide-bandwidth-with-1ulyo0yz.png Fig. 3. Antenna geometry optimized for wide bandwidth with simulated and measured return loss. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-antenna-geometry-and-principle-of-overlapping-1g98qqxh.png Fig. 2. Antenna geometry and principle of overlapping subpatches. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-16-8-array-mirrored-along-the-y-axis-to-create-2901tt5g.png Fig. 1. A 16 8 array mirrored along the y axis to create symmetrical 16 16 array. https://scispace.com/papers/wider-frequency-combs-generation-noise-reduction-and-qbgmdb9e23 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-qd-mll-with-sidebands-1z9isde6.png Table 2. Characteristics of the QD-MLL with sidebands injection locking. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-optical-spectra-of-sidebands-injection-locked-1ky4jq2t.png Figure 2. (a) Optical spectra of sidebands injection-locked laser 1 (blue), filtered modes (black), and injection seed (an arrow). (b) Optical spectra of the filtered modes (black) and laser 2 (red), locked to the modes. (c) Combined optical spectra of the lasers 1 and 2 (green). Laser 1 gain current: 216 mA; absorber bias: -2 V. Laser 2 gain current: 211 mA, absorber bias: -2 V. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-qd-mll-with-hybrid-mode-3uu9pcm0.png Table 1. Characteristics of the QD-MLL with hybrid mode-locking and optical injection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rf-spectra-of-the-qd-mll-in-passive-mode-locked-41eb806g.png Figure 1. RF spectra of the QD-MLL in passive mode-locked regime (black), with hybrid mode-locking and optical injection seeding for 8 dBm (blue) and 14 dBm (red) modulation power. Gain current: 60 ma, absorber bias: -8.0 V. https://scispace.com/papers/widely-distributed-breeding-populations-of-canada-warbler-4t82yjkj3j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-95-credible-intervals-for-a-latitude-and-b-1bsbg9k2.png Fig. 4 Average 95% credible intervals for a) latitude and b) longitude values derived by FLightR analysis for 18 male Canada Warblers tracked with light-level geolocators from breeding sites in Alberta, Manitoba and New Hampshire. The dotted lines around the longitude curves indicate plus or minus one standard deviation. The fall equinox is indicated by the red vertical line https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-canada-warbler-geolocator-model-information-for-35f60bvh.png Table 1 Canada Warbler geolocator model information for units that were deployed in 2014 and 2015 for sites in Alberta, Manitoba, New Hampshire and Québec https://scispace.com/papers/widely-linear-mmse-receivers-for-linear-dispersion-space-f61mx70uxk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-decision-regions-and-decision-boundary-of-the-ml-2zlbitou.png Figure 4.3: Decision regions and decision boundary of the ML detector in (a) general case, (b) simple antipodal example. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-bit-error-probability-versus-snr-for-quasi-mk1amnda.png Figure 3.5: Bit-error probability versus SNR for quasi-orthogonal code of Table 3.2, using 4-PSK modulation and one receive antenna. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-6-bit-error-probability-versus-snr-for-quasi-3ccfcrs6.png Figure 3.6: Bit-error probability versus SNR for quasi-orthogonal code of Table 3.2, using 8-PSK modulation and one receive antenna. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-suboptimal-wl-mmse-receiver-for-quasi-orthogonal-qb7ofqam.png Figure 3.3: Suboptimal WL-MMSE receiver for quasi-orthogonal code of Table 3.2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-orthogonal-code-of-1-and-corresponding-dispersion-fflpufhu.png Table 3.1: Orthogonal code of [1] and corresponding dispersion matrices https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-contours-of-pdf-for-a-scalar-zero-mean-complex-1em01iu5.png Figure 2.2: Contours of pdf for a scalar zero mean complex valued Gaussian random variable https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-7-bit-error-probability-versus-snr-for-quasi-2sj69kj4.png Figure 3.7: Bit-error probability versus SNR for quasi-orthogonal code of Table 3.2, using 16-PSK modulation and one receive antenna. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-the-wl-mmse-receiver-structure-for-quasi-2nz409t4.png Figure 3.2: The WL-MMSE receiver structure for quasi-orthogonal code of Table 3.2 https://scispace.com/papers/widespread-and-persistent-ozone-pollution-in-eastern-china-4g030klv1m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-o3-contributions-of-industry-red-line-residential-slko0f4c.png Figure 9. O3 contributions of industry (red line), residential (brown line), transportation (blue line), and biogenic emissions (green line) in NEC, NCPs, YRDs, and PRDs, as a function of simulated [O3] in the control case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wrf-chem-simulation-domain-with-topography-the-2fxsl78n.png Figure 1. WRF-CHEM simulation domain with topography. The filled circles represent centers of cities with ambient monitoring sites and the size of circles denotes the number of ambient monitoring sites of cities. The red and blue filled circles show the cities with air pollutant observations since 2013 and 2015, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pattern-comparison-of-simulated-versus-observed-1ni5fcsh.png Figure 6. Pattern comparison of simulated versus observed near-surface O3 at 15:00 BJT from 22 to 27 May 2015. Colored circles: O3 observations; color contour: O3 simulations; black arrows: simulated surface winds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-distributions-of-the-average-o3-concentration-2fua49ye.png Figure 11. Distributions of the average O3 concentration during peak time with (a) all anthropogenic emissions, (b) industry emissions alone, (c) residential emissions alone, and (d) transportation emissions alone on May 2015. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-observed-hourly-mass-concentrations-of-pollutants-38ww74s3.png Table 2. Observed hourly mass concentrations of pollutants averaged in the afternoon from April to September 2013 and 2015 in 65 cities of eastern China. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-distributions-of-the-contribution-to-near-surface-359rrux3.png Figure 8. Distributions of the contribution to near-surface [O3] averaged in the afternoon during the whole episode from (a) industry, (b) residential, (c) transportation, and (d) biogenic emissions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-wrf-chem-model-configurations-1g6vqlwo.png Table 1. WRF-CHEM model configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-o3-contributions-when-only-the-industry-red-line-3fvjsx7f.png Figure 10. O3 contributions when only the industry (red line), residential (brown line), and transportation emissions (blue line) are considered in NEC, NCPs, YRDs, and PRDs, as a function of simulated [O3] in the control case. https://scispace.com/papers/wie-leitliniengerecht-ist-die-behandlung-degenerativer-5yw1tadv02 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-charakteristika-der-befragten-allgemeinarzte-2nknq2yt.png Table 1. Charakteristika der befragten Allgemeinärzte https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-einschatzung-des-nutzens-verschiedener-37vaeprj.png Table 4. Einschätzung des Nutzens verschiedener Therapieoptionen (1=wichtig/wirksam; 5= unwichtig/unwirksam) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-hauptprobleme-in-der-therapie-der-arthose-mivlhtpr.png Table 5. Hauptprobleme in der Therapie der Arthose https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-welche-befunde-werden-regelmassig-in-den-unterlagen-yydf9qop.png Table 2. Welche Befunde werden regelmäßig in den Unterlagen dokumentiert? https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-grunde-fur-eine-uberweisung-zum-orthopaden-ptwficem.png Table 6. Gründe für eine Überweisung zum Orthopäden https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bedeutung-verschiedener-prozeduren-fur-die-diagnose-cnnzfc5m.png Table 2. Welche Befunde werden regelmäßig in den Unterlagen dokumentiert? https://scispace.com/papers/widespread-contamination-of-wildflower-and-bee-collected-20i30ug4us 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-sum-of-the-mean-concentrations-of-qnlk7eum.png Figure 1. The sum of the mean concentrations of neonicotinoids and fungicides in pollen samples from oilseed rape (OSR) flowers (n=11), wildflowers 328 from OSR margins (n=8) and WW margins (n=10), and collected by honeybees during OSR bloom (n=5) and after OSR bloom (n=5). OSR and wildflower 329 pollens were collected in 3 farms, honeybee pollen samples were collected from hives sited on the vicinity of these farms. For the honeybee collected 330 pollen, concentrations of the whole composite samples brought to the hives were used for the calculation of the means (i.e. .one sample per hive was 331 analysed). 332 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-sum-of-the-mean-concentrations-of-9ruihli0.png Figure 2. The sum of the mean concentrations of neonicotinoids and fungicides in individual bumblebees (bbees) and collected pollen in nests sited in 374 urban and rural areas. 375 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-list-of-chemicals-analysed-in-this-work-their-2gh8m8rc.png Table 1. The list of chemicals analysed in this work, their chemical classes and their last applications in the studied oilseed rape (OSR) or winter wheat 160 (WW) fields. 161 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-levels-of-thiamethoxam-thiacloprid-carbendazim-gag5imrd.png Figure 3. Levels of thiamethoxam, thiacloprid, carbendazim, boscalid, tebuconazole, flusilazole and 392 metaconazole in pollen samples collected by honeybee (n=5 beehives) and bumblebees (n=5 393 nests). Honeybee hives were placed in farms near OSR fields and the pollen was collected during the 394 OSR bloom for 4 days using pollen traps. Concentrations of the whole composite samples brought to 395 the hives were used for the calculation of the means. Bumblebee nests were placed in rural areas in 396 arable landscapes and the pollen was collected after 4 weeks of free foraging in the field. The 397 frequency of detection of neonicotinoid and fungicide are indicated above each box-and-whiskers- 398 plots. The length of each box corresponds to the interquartile range, the upper and lower boundary 399 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-range-mean-and-median-concentrations-and-2ptaswr4.png Table 3. The range, mean and median concentrations and frequency of detection of neonicotinoid and fungicide levels detected in stored pollen and in 365 individual bumblebees sampled from nests sited in rural and urban landscapes. 366 https://scispace.com/papers/wigner-cross-terms-in-sampled-and-other-periodic-signals-3qwzed2sde 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-semi-discrete-gaussian-formed-by-adding-six-3i3vu82y.png Figure 1. (a) ‘Semi-discrete’ Gaussian, formed by adding six shifted replicas to the continuous Gaussian. (b) WDF of this signal. https://scispace.com/papers/wiener-filtering-with-a-seismic-underground-array-at-the-1q7276tkl4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-filter-variation-over-the-course-of-a-day-the-filter-4qgqtv1x.png FIG. 3: Filter variation over the course of a day. The filter is represented in the frequency domain by its magnitude and phase, as in a Bode plot. Top left: Time-frequency plot of the spectra of the 800 ft seismometer. Top right: Filter magnitude histogram for the 2000 ft-B reference channel. The bottom, middle, and top white lines correspond to the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles respectively. Bottom left: Time-frequency plot of the filter magnitude for the 2000 ft-B reference channel. Bottom right: Time-frequency plot of the filter phase for the 2000 ft-B reference channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-mango-gw-detector-target-spectrum-as-well-as-the-304pa6ic.png FIG. 7: The MANGO GW detector target spectrum, as well as the NN estimate and its residual after suppression by the factor that was achieved with seismic data. There is about a factor of 50 subtraction across the microseism. A further order of magnitude subtraction would be required to achieve MANGO GW detector target sensitivity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-table-detailing-station-information-including-117kz6cs.png TABLE I: Table detailing station information, including station names, type of seismometer, and position relative to Yates shaft of the former Homestake mine. For more details on the mine and available stations, please see [20]. T240 stands for Nanometrics Trillium 240 Broadband Sensor, and STS-2 stands for Streckeisen STS-2 Broadband Sensor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plot-of-of-the-measured-coherence-between-the-three-3eidu6f6.png FIG. 2: Plot of of the measured coherence between the three station pairs. Coherence between the 800 ft and 2000 ft-B stations exceeds 0.9995 at the microseism. Coherence between the other pairs is approximately an order of magnitude lower, which results in the relatively worse subtraction results presented in the paper. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-residual-noise-evaluated-over-the-three-separate-days-1upeyuc6.png FIG. 5: Residual noise evaluated over the three separate days as a function of filter order for the 800 ft target channel. The residuals shown in the plot on the left are evaluated at 0.2 Hz, whereas the residuals on the right are evaluated at 0.4 Hz. Each color corresponds to a different day. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-plot-shows-the-histogram-of-residual-spectra-for-2soz8dxu.png FIG. 6: The plot shows the histogram of residual spectra for the 800 ft target channel achieved by each of the 1000 filter orders for the day represented by the blue markers in figure 5. The bottom, middle, and top white lines correspond to the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles respectively. The dash-dotted line in black shows the global new low-noise model [38]. The original spectra of the 800 ft channel is plotted in solid black. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-subtraction-residuals-for-the-800-ft-channel-using-2tdnxp6h.png FIG. 4: Subtraction residuals for the 800 ft channel using 2000 ft-B and 4100 ft-A as reference channels over a month of data. The dashed curves are its 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles using a filter that is updated once every day. The solid lines are the percentiles of residual noise using a filter updated once every week. The dash-dotted line in black represents the global new low-noise model [38]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-plot-to-the-left-shows-the-medians-of-seismic-12m5d0iw.png FIG. 1: The plot to the left shows the medians of seismic spectra for the three seismometers. The dash-dotted lines in black represent the global new low- and high-noise models (NLNM/NHNM) [38]. The primary and secondary microseismic peaks are visible between 30 and 100 mHz and 0.1-0.5 Hz respectively. A line at 0.5 Hz from the data-acquisition is also visible. On the right is the median of the residuals for the three seismometers. The vertical channel of the respective seismometer was the target channel, and channels from the other two sensors were used as reference channels. The expected subtraction for the 800 ft channel based on coherence between the 800 ft and 2000 ft-B stations is plotted in solid black. https://scispace.com/papers/wigner-molecules-in-polygonal-quantum-dots-a-density-1ye291poot 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-lowest-kohn-sham-energy-levels-of-triangular-a-square-1f0vl2n0.png FIG. 4. Lowest Kohn-Sham energy levels of triangular a square two-electron quantum dots atr s;8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-total-energy-differences-between-the-dft-e1-and-sdft-22i4n4l9.png FIG. 3. Total energy differences between the DFT (E1) and SDFT (E0) solutions in polygonal two-electron quantum dots four geometries. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-energy-composition-in-a-square-two-electron-quant-dot-3oav0t0r.png FIG. 1. Energy composition in a square two-electron quant dot as a function of the dot size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-electron-densities-in-polygonal-two-electron-quantum-2580uprj.png FIG. 2. Electron densities in polygonal two-electron quantum dots with different sizes. In the square, pentagon, and hexagon t amplitudes have been multiplie by a factor of 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-lowest-kohn-sham-energy-levels-in-an56-square-quantum-1wc5mnd5.png FIG. 11. Lowest Kohn-Sham energy levels in aN56 square quantum dot with side lengthsL5100 and 400 nm. Solid and dashed lines correspond to the occupied and unoccupied state spectively. The levels are nondegenerate, except the doubly de erate levels denoted by the numbers~2!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-electron-densities-atr-s-8-in-triangular-and-3odibohz.png FIG. 10. Electron densities atr s;8 in triangular and pentagona quantum dots withN56 andN510, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-electron-densities-of-the-dft-up-and-sdft-down-2l7kxqpd.png FIG. 9. Electron densities of the DFT~up! and SDFT~down! solutions inN56 andN58 square quantum dots with side lengt L5300 nm. The spin alignments are shown in the SDFT case. https://scispace.com/papers/wigner-related-phase-spaces-for-signal-processing-and-their-7o9dz32re5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-two-possible-optical-setups-for-obtaining-the-frt-2ndmja3d.png Fig. 2. The two possible optical setups for obtaining the FRT: (a) type I configuration, (b) type II configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-rotated-square-r-p-chart-b-its-x-shearing-1x8dusz5.png Fig. 10. (a) Rotated-square (r, p) chart. (b) Its X-shearing transformation. (c) Its radial shearing transformation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-suggested-optical-setup-for-obtaining-the-x-p-display-1wz25tyd.png Fig. 4. Suggested optical setup for obtaining the (x, p) display. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-setups-of-a-and-b-are-totally-equivalent-c-13gv1m99.png Fig. 5. The setups of (a) and (b) are totally equivalent. (c) Configuration that is equivalent to FSP of distance z. (d) Setup that obtains the FRT with constant distances and varying focal lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-the-x-p-chart-kxw4ohuf.png Fig. 3. Illustration of the (x, p) chart. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-experimental-results-for-an-input-of-a-plane-wave-idn25ueu.png Fig. 8. Experimental results for an input of a plane wave. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-illustration-of-the-r-p-chart-1xp3i9ey.png Fig. 9. Illustration of the (r, p) chart. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-a-correlation-given-by-eq-106-when-the-input-signal-2mpnmqdw.png Fig. 12. (a) Correlation given by Eq. (106) when the input signal is equal to the reference signal. (b) One-dimensional cross section of (a) at p 5 0. (c) Correlation given by Eq. (106) when the input signal is equal to the second, different signal. (d) One-dimensional cross section of (c) at p 5 0. (e) Ordinary time-domain correlation of the reference signal with itself. (f ) Ordinary time-domain correlation of the reference signal with the second signal. https://scispace.com/papers/wiimote-robot-control-using-human-motion-models-3cy6novxpr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-user-performance-216yxeal.png Fig. 8. User performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-percentage-of-hits-with-each-of-the-three-25okzqzh.png TABLE II THE PERCENTAGE OF HITS WITH EACH OF THE THREE SYSTEMS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-subject-and-the-robot-2i70l6z7.png Fig. 7. The subject and the robot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-y-component-of-measured-hand-trajectory-with-mj-1pw3g2u0.png Fig. 1. Y component of measured hand trajectory with MJ trajectory fitted. In this case the hand trajectory contains only one major MJ component. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-left-figure-shows-the-third-degree-curve-fit-to-3f2ix7p5.png Fig. 2. The left figure shows the third degree curve fit to measured acceleration. The right plot shows the same data integrated to position space. The dashed horizontal lines in the right figure show the positions of the target. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-trajectory-of-the-wiimote-estimated-with-the-mj-2o8xa3ob.png Fig. 4. The trajectory of the wiimote estimated with the MJ approach compared to the trajectory recorded by a motion capture system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-from-reaching-experiment-33gsb84g.png TABLE I RESULTS FROM REACHING EXPERIMENT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-manipulator-and-targets-from-left-to-right-the-3u1dkq5h.png Fig. 6. The manipulator and targets. From left to right, the target colors are yellow, gray, and red. https://scispace.com/papers/wild-mushrooms-and-their-mycelia-as-sources-of-bioactive-42vimqesye 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-individual-profile-of-a-phenolic-compounds-present-in-1p72fb7x.png Fig. 3. Individual profile of (A) phenolic compounds present in S. bellinii fruiting body recorded at 280 nm (1- protocatechuic acid; 2- p-hydroxybenzoic acid; 3- cinnamic acid) and (B) ergosterol present in S. bellinii mycelium grown on PDB (1- ergosterol). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-antioxidant-activity-ec50-values-mg-ml-extract-of-3sqguaaf.png Table 2 Antioxidant activity (EC50 values, mg/mL extract) of the mycelia and culture media of P. eryngii and S. bellinii. The values corresponding to the fruiting body of both mushrooms (wild samples) are also presented. Values are given as mean ± standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-anti-proliferative-gi50-values-lg-ml-extract-extract-1h6wm7uc.png Table 3 Anti-proliferative (GI50 values, lg/mL extract) extract and anti-inflammatory activity (EC50 values, lg/mL extract) of the mycelia and culture media of P. eryngii and S. bellinii. The values corresponding to the fruiting body of both mushrooms (wild samples) are also presented. Values are given as mean ± standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ergosterol-content-mg-g-extract-and-phenolic-acids-1nu19xs4.png Table 1 Ergosterol content (mg/g extract) and phenolic acids composition (lg/ g extract) in the mycelia and culture media of P. eryngii and S. bellinii. The values corresponding to the fruiting body of both mushrooms (wild samples) are also presented. Values are given as mean ± standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-biomass-of-p-eryngii-and-s-bellinii-mycelia-mg-1iwejguf.png Fig. 2. Average biomass of P. eryngii and S. bellinii mycelia (mg/Petri dish or Flask). https://scispace.com/papers/will-a-departure-from-tax-based-accounting-encourage-tax-jakviw4buv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-stage-two-audit-adjustment-regressions-n-2941-2b49xkw9.png Table 3. Stage two: audit adjustment regressions (N=2941). https://scispace.com/papers/will-climate-change-affect-ectoparasite-species-ranges-5f153xhh4g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-climate-scenarios-considered-in-the-eight-2we36ebr.png Table 1 Summary of climate scenarios considered. In the eight scenarios that were developed using the 2.2 model, three variables were altered to explore the uncertainties of current climate change projections for distribution of African ticks. In most runs, greenhouse gas emissions were assumed to follow the IMAGE implementation of the IPCC A1b scenario, while in two runs a lower (B1) and higher (A1f) emission level was assumed (IMAGE Team, 2001a,b). The four different GCM patterns used in the pattern analysis were taken from the IPCC distribution centre. ‘Temperature and precipitation patterns’ refers to the annual mean patterns generated by general circulation climate models (GCCM) used in downscaling the global results. The abbreviations correspond to the names of the specific GCM models and their results. CGCM1 (Canadian) Coupled Global Climate Model; CSIRO Mark 2, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (Australia) Model, mark II; ECHAM4, atmospheric model jointly developed by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg; HADCM2, Hadley Centre Climate Model version 2 (UK) https://scispace.com/papers/will-the-southern-african-west-coast-fog-be-affected-by-4fsausog2t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-number-of-fog-days-per-year-upper-row-and-for-the-1ud8kaxk.png Fig. 2: Mean number of fog days per year (upper row) and for the summer (central row) and winter (bottom row) seasons as observed (left column) and simulated by REMO (central column) for the period from 2004 to 2007. Additionally the observed fog days at each station, represented by coloured circles, are included in the left panels. However the time period of the data differs from the satellite and model (see Tab. 1). The absolute differences between simulated and observed fog https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-mean-number-of-fog-days-per-year-upper-row-and-the-3t7hf5et.png Fig. 7: Mean number of fog days per year (upper row) and the summer (central row) and winter (bottom row) seasons as simulated by REMO for the control (1981–2000; left column, ‘CTRL’) and the scenario (2081–2100; central column, ‘SCEN’) periods. The absolute differences between control and scenario fog occurrence for the respective seasons are displayed in the right-hand panel https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-number-of-fog-days-per-year-upper-panel-and-for-2l8mt5qj.png Fig. 3: Mean number of fog days per year (upper panel) and for the summer (central panel) and winter (bottom panel) as meridional mean along a west-east transect indicated as in figure 1a. The observed fog days are indicated by the black line https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulated-annual-mean-temperature-over-the-control-2wj8k4e8.png Fig. 6: Simulated annual mean temperature over the control period (1981–2000; upper left) and the projected mean changes for the scenario period (2081–2100; upper right). The lower panels show the simulated annual mean diurnal temperature range over the control (left) and scenario (right) period https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-location-of-the-four-available-stations-with-fog-15lskw3d.png Fig. 1: (a) Location of the four available stations with fog observations The panel also depicts the main Benguela upwelling cells after Pickford and Senut (1999) and a schematic of the coastal low and its related flow fields after olivier and Stockton (1989). The black rectangle indicates the location of the east-west transect described in figure 3. (b) Sketch of the double nesting setup and extent of the respective REMO domains indicated as grey (~55 x 55 km) and black (~18 x 18 km) boxes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-observed-and-simulated-mean-seasonal-fog-distribution-3s1tz8jx.png Fig. 4: Observed and simulated mean seasonal fog distribution for the four stations in the central Namib. Note that each https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulated-mean-seasonal-fog-distribution-for-the-four-20iekk74.png Fig. 8: Simulated mean seasonal fog distribution for the four stations in the central Namib for the control (1981–2000) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-observed-and-simulated-mean-diurnal-fog-distribution-308cnxnr.png Fig. 5: Observed and simulated mean diurnal fog distribution for the Gobabeb 1 station. Note that each data series was normalized to its respective maximum value. Furthermore, the data represent different time periods (see Tab. 1 and Fig. 2) https://scispace.com/papers/william-stanley-jevons-and-francis-ysidro-edgeworth-two-1rarh4w7o6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-total-amount-of-feeling-produced-in-different-time-8isys1q0.png Figure 1: Total amount of feeling produced in different time periods. Source: (Jevons, 1998: 87) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-total-marginal-utility-from-consumption-of-a-good-x-2mhi0djs.png Figure 2: Total & marginal utility from consumption of a good x. (Jevons, 1998: 100) https://scispace.com/papers/williamsonia-carolinensis-sp-nov-and-associated-eoginkgoites-f1376kc5mr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-williamsonia-carolinensis-and-eoginkgoites-sidneyi-1m1ij5b0.png Fig. 4 Williamsonia carolinensis and Eoginkgoites sidneyi from the Clay pit of the Boren Clay Products Company, Chatham County, North Carolina. A, Slab with several W. carolinensis specimens (arrowheads) nested among abundant, overlapping sterile foliage specimens o E. sidneyi. Specimen T3578. B, Enlargement of the lower right corner of the specimen in A, showing the outer surface of a gynoecium (ar rowhead) close to a well-preserved leaf of E. sidneyi. Specimen T3578. C, Enlargement of the upper right corner of the specimen in A, showing the outer surface of another gynoecium and structures indicative of potential bracts (arrowheads); the tip of one additional gynoecium is visible at the right image margin. Specimen T3578. Scale bars: 30 mm (A), 20 mm (B), 10 mm (C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-maps-indicating-the-position-of-the-fossil-locality-a-1ychoxcl.png Fig. 1 Maps indicating the position of the fossil locality. A, North Carolina with the Deep River Basin, which is the southernmost-exposed basin of the Newark Supergroup extending from central North Carolina into northern South Carolina. B, Deep River Basin indicating the position of the Boren Clay Products pit locality near Gulf, North Carolina, where the fossils were obtained. C, Map of the United States with the position of North Carolina indicated. Based on a map provided by Andrew Heckert of Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-developing-gynoecium-of-williamsonia-carolinensis-from-ykkkramx.png Fig. 5 Developing gynoecium of Williamsonia carolinensis from the Clay pit of the Boren Clay Products Company, Chatham County, North Carolina. A, Complete gynoecium in cross section and surface view. Specimen T2417. B, Enlargement of a portion of the organically preserved surface; note the external surface showing the heads of the interseminal scales and micropyles (arrowheads). Specimen T2417. Scale bars: 10 mm (A), 1 mm (B). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cuticle-portion-of-an-interseminal-scale-head-from-a-1vaj0baj.png Fig. 6 Cuticle portion of an interseminal scale head from a gynoecium of Williamsonia carolinensis from the Clay pit of the Boren Clay Products Company, Chatham County, North Carolina. Arrowheads indicate present but poorly preserved stomata. Specimen T21519, extracted from specimen T2151. Scale bar: 100 mm. A color version of this figure is available online. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-matured-gynoecia-of-williamsonia-carolinensis-from-the-2rb74k7x.png Fig. 2 Matured gynoecia of Williamsonia carolinensis from the Clay pit of the Boren Clay Products Company, Chatham County, North Carolina. A, Surface view; note the smaller size and denser packing of the basalmost interseminal scales and ovules (arrowhead). Specimen T3578. B, Cross section through a matured gynoecium; note the attachment area of the supporting axis (arrowhead). Specimen T2155 C, Enlargement of the apical portion of the gynoecium in B, elucidating the interseminal scales and ovules with micropyles (arrowheads) Specimen T2155. D, Enlargement of the apical portion of C showing adjacent ovules with well-developed micropyles (arrowhead). Specimen T2155. E, Enlargement of the basal portion of the ovules shown in C. Specimen T2155. Scale bars: 10 mm (A, B), 5 mm (C), 1 mm (D, E). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-interpretative-drawing-of-cross-sections-of-the-29guslql.png Fig. 7 Interpretative drawing of cross sections of the different developmental stages of gynoecia of Williamsonia carolinensis from the Clay pit of the Boren Clay Products Company, Chatham County, North Carolina. A, Gynoecium interpreted immature. Based on specimen T2151. B, Gynoecium interpreted intermediate between stage A and stage C. Based on specimen T2417; partly visible in surface view. C, Gynoecium interpretedmature. Based on specimen T2155. See text for details. Abbreviations: ap, attachment point; is, interseminal scale; ma, mantle of ovules and interseminal scales; mp, micropyles; ov, ovules; rc, receptacle; us, undifferentiated scales. Asterisk indicates surface view. Scale bar: 10 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-immature-gynoecia-of-williamsonia-carolinensis-from-32rs5i8e.png Fig. 3 Immature gynoecia of Williamsonia carolinensis from the Clay pit of the Boren Clay Products Company, Chatham County, North Carolina. A, Complete gynoecium in cross section; note the scales are all of the same type. Specimen T2151. B, Enlargement of the layer o interseminal scales and ovules of the specimen shown in A; note the scales are all of the same type, with initiating differentiation visible (ar rowheads). Specimen T2151. C, Another complete gynoecium in cross section; note the scales are all of the same type. Specimen T2152 D, Enlargement of the layer of interseminal scales and ovules of the specimen shown in C; note the scales are all of the same type; the arrowhead points to a possible projecting micropyle. Specimen T2152. E–G, Three different gynoecia in cross section. Specimens T2160 (E), T2158 (F) T2156 (G). Scale bars: 10 mm (A, C, E–G), 1 mm (B, D). https://scispace.com/papers/willingness-to-pay-for-watershed-conservation-are-we-1nrxtea74h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-marginal-probabilities-for-small-holder-farmers-wtp-3imz0qgc.png Table IV: Marginal probabilities for small holder farmer’s WTP for watershed services https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-the-study-area-along-pangani-river-3tb9ilsy.png Figure 1: Location of the study area along Pangani River Basin, Tanzania https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-interviewed-respondents-in-the-study-villages-34m182pw.png Table I: Interviewed respondents in the study villages https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-maximum-amount-small-holder-farmers-wtp-3i1au2pf.png Table V: Maximum amount small holder farmer’s WTP https://scispace.com/papers/willingness-to-sell-conservation-easements-a-case-study-2f7qtfr54v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-probability-of-wts-at-offer-price-of-700-per-acre-3sjbwdxi.png Table 6. Probability of WTS at offer price of $700 per acre. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-principle-components-2q47yoa3.png Table 1. Principle components. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-wtsp-prediction-model-parameter-estimates-108lhtm3.png Table 5. WTSP-prediction model parameter estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-selected-survey-question-ma-and-vt-21l7tf4r.png Table 2. Results of selected survey question (MA and VT). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-wts-by-offer-amount-percent-a-3278janw.png Table 3. Distribution of WTS by offer amount (percent)a. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-wts-model-parameter-estimates-6r9lhx2x.png Table 4. WTS model parameter estimates. https://scispace.com/papers/willingness-to-pay-to-reduce-health-risks-related-to-air-e7box9dztz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-vsl-and-vsi-estimates-million-rmb-3qebjoiy.png Table 7: VSL and VSI estimates (million RMB) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-a-choice-set-freely-translated-from-1tl6vxwp.png Figure 1: Example of a choice set (freely translated from Chinese) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-attributes-and-levels-1wrs5n1i.png Table 2: Attributes and levels https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-results-mixed-logit-1vt64g4q.png Table 5: Regression results – mixed logit https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-review-chinese-vsl-studies-risk-source-authors-data-1ar322r4.png Table 1: Review Chinese VSL studies Risk source Authors Data year Survey location Method Payment format VSL a Age interval (mean) VSL–age relationship https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regression-results-latent-class-models-model-l1-3aiqveht.png Table 6: Regression results – latent class models Model L1 Model L2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-results-conditional-logit-20fndxjy.png Table 4: Regression results – conditional logit https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-vsl-and-vsi-estimates-based-on-age-groups-million-1fa7rcs0.png Table 8: VSL and VSI estimates based on age groups (million RMB) https://scispace.com/papers/wind-energy-potential-above-a-high-rise-building-influenced-2g83io03p0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-arrangement-of-the-principal-high-rise-building-jg99sfcl.png Fig. 2: a) Arrangement of the principal high-rise building (middle) surrounded with four buildings, b) 3 model of the high-rise buildings, c) arrangement of the principal high-rise building surrounded by four 4 buildings mounted in the wind tunnel, d) distribution of pressure taps on the surface of the flat roof 5 (marked with ● and ○) and positions of velocity measurements (marked with ○) for 0°, 15°, 30° and 45° 6 angle of flow attack. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-contours-of-cp-mean-on-the-roof-of-the-principal-high-1a5qh2y0.png Fig. 4: Contours of Cp,mean on the roof of the principal high-rise building under the influence of 4 2 surrounding high-rise buildings for different approaching flow angles: a) 0°, b) 15°, c) 30° and d) 45°. 3 4 In order to improve understanding of the effect of wind angle on the surface pressure, the 5 mean pressure coefficient and its standard deviation have been plotted along two lines for 6 different wind angles and shown in the Fig. 5. For wind angles of 15º, 30º and 45º, pressure 7 coefficient distributions in Fig. 5 show similar pattern that is characterized with the upstream 8 hump shape. This is typical for a flow with a separated region followed by a reattachment [36]. 9 The hump shape is related to large negative pressure values in the separated region, where the 10 largest suction was found directly beneath the average moving vortex core [23]. The length of 11 the mean recirculation region is related to the peak location of the standard deviation value since 12 the peak occurs just upstream of the mean reattachment position [36]. Therefore, the most 13 pronounced separation is observed in case of 30º wind angle. 14 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-mean-distribution-of-pressure-coefficient-along-roofs-2543txdl.png Fig. 10. Mean distribution of pressure coefficient along roof’s middle lines- comparison between single 24 arrangement presented in [38] and group arrangement for 0° and 45° approaching angle (for comparison, 25 results from Fig. 5 for 45° angle of attack are repeated at the left plot). 26 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-profiles-of-velocity-vectors-based-on-stream-wise-and-1fp2ts6a.png Fig. 9. Profiles of velocity vectors based on stream-wise and vertical velocity component, stream-wise 4 turbulence intensity IU, vertical turbulence intensity IW and percentage increase in the stream-wise wind 5 speed. The legend linking the position of each value around the measurement point with its meaning 6 indicates positions of : IU - black number, marked left-up of the measurement point, IW - blue number, 7 marked left-down of the measurement point and percentage increase in the stream-wise wind speed - red 8 number, marked right-down of the measurement point. Profiles measured above points 22, 38 and 54 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-profiles-of-velocity-vectors-based-on-stream-wise-and-15flrr8d.png Fig. 8. Profiles of velocity vectors based on stream-wise and vertical velocity component, stream-wise 2 turbulence intensity IU, vertical turbulence intensity IW and percentage increase in the stream-wise wind 3 speed. The legend linking the position of each value around the measurement point with its meaning 4 indicates positions of : IU - black number, marked left-up of the measurement point, IW - blue number, 5 marked left-down of the measurement point and percentage increase in the stream-wise wind speed - red 6 number, marked right-down of the measurement point. Profiles over the principal high-rise building 7 under the influence of 4 surrounding high-rise buildings are measured above points 20 and 36 (belonging 8 to the marked line x/D=0.5) over the roof at: a) 0° angle, b) 45° angle, d) above the points 18, 36 and 54 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mean-and-standard-deviation-distribution-of-pressure-2iuwcd19.png Fig. 5. Mean and standard deviation distribution of pressure coefficient along roof’s middle line (up) and 2 along roof’s corner line at different wind angles (down). 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-profiles-of-velocity-vectors-based-on-stream-wise-and-2u74owv9.png Fig. 3: Profiles of velocity vectors based on stream-wise and vertical velocity component, stream-wise 2 turbulence intensity IU, vertical turbulence intensity IW and percentage increase in the stream-wise wind 3 speed. The legend linking the position of each value around the measurement point with its meaning 4 indicates positions of : IU - black number, marked left-up of the measurement point, IW - blue number, 5 marked left-down of the measurement point and percentage increase in the stream-wise wind speed - red 6 number, marked right-down of the measurement point. Profiles over a principle high-rise building under 7 the influence of 4 surrounding high-rise buildings are measured above the points 18 and 50 (belonging to 8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-stream-wise-wind-speed-u-uref-stream-wise-3cb1kcc8.png Fig. 1: Mean stream-wise wind speed (U/Uref) ,stream-wise turbulence intensity (IU) and vertical 2 turbulence intensity (IW) profile measured from the floor of the wind tunnel (Uref is the mean wind speed 3 at the model height). 4 https://scispace.com/papers/wind-power-research-in-wikipedia-does-wikipedia-demonstrate-yqoe0o3jbj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-document-types-for-wikipedia-references-on-wind-2o0msdez.png Table 3. Document types for Wikipedia References on Wind Power, Data sets A & B https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-reference-list-extract-from-the-wikipedia-entry-wind-1q8fet77.png Fig. 1. Reference list (extract) from the Wikipedia entry ‘Wind Farm’, data sets A+B (Spring 2016). Legend : entries in Italics : scholarly publ. ; entries in bold+italics : WoS record from original WoS set on Wind Power. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-citation-average-associated-with-the-presence-in-1w3emhvp.png Table 4. Citation average associated with the presence in Wikipedia, data set A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-wos-citations-boxplots-vs-wikipedia-mentions-of-wos-1jn3h3yw.png Fig. 4. WoS citations (boxplots) vs Wikipedia mentions of WoS records (dots ; N=258) in 159 Wikipedia entries by WoS document types, data set A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-of-wiki-reference-publications-years-over-8s8n7scb.png Fig. 3. Distribution of wiki reference publications years over Wikipedia entry publication years (mention years) from data set B (N=2387 wiki references). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distribution-of-wiki-references-over-publication-year-2tvn7cuj.png Fig. 2. Distribution of wiki references over publication year and document type from data set B (N=2387 wiki references). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-wos-titles-mentioned-in-wikipedia-entries-3-data-set-djhv6v31.png Table 1. WoS titles mentioned in Wikipedia entries (>=3) – data set A. (Spring, 2016) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mentions-of-wos-records-by-wikipedia-entries-data-1yzzor1t.png Table 2. Mentions of WoS records by Wikipedia entries, Data set A (>=3 mentions) https://scispace.com/papers/wind-farm-stabilization-by-using-dfig-with-current-223djoqqzo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-voltage-at-bus-5-3lg-2ni0izbw.png Fig. 14 Voltage at Bus 5 (3LG) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-load-angle-of-synchronous-generators-3lg-1hwp04w2.png Fig. 21 Load angle of synchronous generators (3LG) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-dfig-1-rotor-and-turbine-hub-speeds-3lg-paavzb9w.png Fig. 12 DFIG-1 rotor and turbine hub speeds (3LG) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-terminal-voltage-bus-17-of-wind-farm-2-3lg-1fdu6jg0.png Fig. 10 Terminal voltage (Bus 17) of wind farm-2 (3LG) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-dfig-2-rotor-and-turbine-hub-speeds-3lg-23s9lrav.png Fig. 13 DFIG-2 rotor and turbine hub speeds (3LG) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-voltage-at-bus-8-3lg-3cehk10q.png Fig. 16 Voltage at Bus 8 (3LG) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-rotor-current-of-dfig-1-3lg-1gcwhsyt.png Fig. 19 Rotor current of DFIG-1 (3LG) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-dc-link-voltage-of-dfig-1-3lg-jf4a7lbv.png Fig. 17 DC- link voltage of DFIG-1 (3LG) https://scispace.com/papers/wind-resource-assessment-handbook-fundamentals-for-4x36clrqun 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-1-labor-tasks-to-account-for-when-budgeting-10-1-1vfiqdx2.png Table 10.1: Labor Tasks to Account for When Budgeting 10-1 https://scispace.com/papers/wind-tides-and-surface-friction-coefficient-in-semi-enclosed-nlfj7kcad2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-water-levels-ngf-referential-and-wind-data-in-2a4hg99o.png Figure 5: Water levels (NGF referential) and wind data in Vaccarès lagoon from October 2019 to January 2020. Note that the complete dataset cover a longer period from July 2019 to August 2020. The right chart represents a mistral event https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-maximum-surface-slopes-during-nw-and-se-wind-events-2dqopfip.png Table 3: Maximum surface slopes during NW and SE wind events and associated wind speeds https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-stations-information-in-berre-and-vaccares-lagoons-274f7clx.png Table 2: Stations information in Berre and Vaccarès lagoons: names, locations and data acquisition parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-wind-roses-for-vaccares-tour-du-valat-station-mlyg17nq.png Figure 2: Wind roses for Vaccarès (Tour-du-Valat station, hourly data over 13 months) and Berre (Marignane station, tree-hourly data over 17 months) lagoons. Wind roses show the the occurrence of wind directions as well as their speeds for both sites : in Vaccarès lagoon main wind directions are NNW and SE up to 20 m/s, and in Berre lagoon, NW winds over 20 m/s and SE up to 20 m/s. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-studies-on-wind-tides-in-enclosed-and-2lk7px9t.png Table 1: Examples of studies on wind tides in enclosed and semi-enclosed basins https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-water-levels-ngf-referential-and-wind-data-in-berre-ltzpxnno.png Figure 4: Water levels (NGF referential) and wind data in Berre lagoon and Carro station from October 2019 to December 2019. Note that the complete dataset cover a longer period from March 2019 to August 2020. The right plots represent a 5-days mistral event. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-s-versus-ve-in-situ-data-are-represented-by-dots-1bdat99a.png Figure 8: S versus Ve: in-situ data are represented by dots and empirical formulations by solid lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-maps-of-field-sites-in-south-eastern-france-1-a-1yy24v5s.png Figure 1: Maps of field sites in south-eastern France (1.a), Vaccarès (1.b) and Berre (1.c) lagoons, bed elevation in NGF referential (official levelling network in metropolitan France). https://scispace.com/papers/wind-turbine-ice-detection-using-aep-loss-method-a-case-5628ztfe1k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-gird-spacing-and-cells-130-1pxox0cv.png Table 4: Gird Spacing and cells. 130 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-horizontal-layers-left-and-vertical-layers-right-of-r8jtvw5q.png Figure 4: Horizontal layers (left) and vertical layers (right) of the 3D model, used for grid generation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-air-flow-near-idealized-wind-turbine-rotor-longatt-ispnl2s4.png Figure 1: Air flow near idealized wind turbine rotor. (Longatt and Terzija, 2012) 50 Wake losses and aerodynamic behavior of wind turbine can be better addressed once the flow over the wind park site is better understood. Wind flow over steep slopes and ridges causes flow separation which is hard to capture and simulate using mesoscale models such as WRF. Furthermore, the atmospheric stability influences the wind flow. (Bilal et al., 2015) This paper describes the statistical and numerical case study of wind resource assessment and wind park design layout effects on energy production in icing climate. T19IcelossMthod based statistical analysis and CFD based numerical simulations are 55 carried out in comparison with the three years (2013-2015) wind park SCADA data. To better understand the wind turbine wake effects on flow behavior and resultant power production, Larsen wake model is used to calculate the AEP of each wind turbine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-wind-resource-map-at-hub-height-of-35-80-125-m-qnlvjxuw.png Figure 6: Wind resource map at hub height of 35, 80 & 125 m. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-wind-speed-frequency-and-weibull-shape-k-and-x0n1mo58.png Table 1: Average wind speed, frequency and Weibull shape (k) and scale (A) parameters. 70 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-wind-park-layout-wind-rose-map-65-wind-direction-is-fn8s8h7u.png Figure 2: Wind park layout & wind rose map. 65 Wind direction is divided in 12 sectors, where first sector is oriented directly north. Wind climatology is presented as a wind rose, giving the average wind speed distribution divided in the velocity intervals (bins) and wind directions (sectors). The frequency distribution has been fitted to a Weibull distribution. Results of wind climatology for all 12 sectors are given in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-classification-of-losses-time-hour-of-icing-events-b6fg22nn.png Table 6: Classification of losses time (hour) of icing events detected by T19IceLossMethod. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-setup-of-t19icelossmethod-85-26jz3hum.png Table 2: Setup of T19IceLossMethod. 85 https://scispace.com/papers/wind-turbine-tower-collapse-cases-a-historical-overview-urmr1t2cwx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-major-causes-of-tower-collapse-ewe5qafs.png Table 2 Major causes of tower collapse https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-failure-type-distribution-of-wind-turbine-incidents-3rpss314.png Fig. 1 Failure type distribution of wind turbine incidents recorded between 1980 – 2016 (CWIF, 2017) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-bathtub-curve-for-failure-rate-vs-time-itsnw9lt.png Fig. 2. A Bathtub Curve for Failure Rate vs. Time https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-47-tower-collapse-accidents-no-date-1il9ovkn.png Table 1 Details of 47 tower collapse accidents No. Date Region Turbine Character Cause https://scispace.com/papers/window-opening-effects-on-structural-behavior-of-historical-1d7mp1pzg4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-views-of-fatih-mosque-and-its-minaret-3ecbo6nt.png Fig. 1. Views of Fatih Mosque and its minaret https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-drawings-of-the-mosque-and-its-minaret-restoration-2r8r0zp3.png Fig. 2. Drawings of the mosque and its minaret (Restoration Project, 2014) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mechanical-properties-of-masonry-walls-1m6xtxa4.png Table 3. Mechanical properties of masonry walls https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-finite-element-models-with-and-without-window-openings-1unzclmy.png Fig. 7. Finite element models with and without window openings https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-static-displacement-propagations-in-transverse-u1-l5my9p7c.png Fig. 11. Static displacement propagations in transverse (U1), longitudinal (U2) and vertical (U3) directions The minimum (compressive) and maximum (tensile) static principal stresses obtained when the window openings are blind and open are given in Figs. 12-13. When the window openings are blind, the maximum and minimum static principal stresses under the mosque’s self weight and live https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-propagations-of-minimum-principal-stresses-under-self-3nzzzvk9.png Fig. 16. Propagations of minimum principal stresses under self weight, live and earthquake loads https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-time-histories-and-propagations-of-dynamic-30yzbxvv.png Fig. 15. Time histories and propagations of dynamic displacement in transverse (U1), longitudinal (U2) and vertical (U3) directions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-content-of-the-mortar-used-in-the-walls-of-the-ntz85luj.png Table 1. The content of the mortar used in the walls of the mosque (Material Report (2013)) https://scispace.com/papers/windpact-turbine-design-scaling-studies-technical-area-3-58wlcgp1eg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-barnhart-lifting-frame-1w8sm0tj.png Figure 6. Barnhart Lifting Frame https://scispace.com/figures/figure-29-assembly-and-erection-costs-as-a-function-of-hub-15q1ny7t.png Figure 29. Assembly and Erection Costs as a Function of Hub Height https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19a-barnhart-climbing-frame-lift-sequence-1oxy0p0w.png Figure 19a. Barnhart Climbing Frame Lift Sequence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-barnhart-climbing-frame-with-boom-and-mast-g826dkb9.png Figure 8. Barnhart Climbing Frame with Boom and Mast https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-concept-score-sheet-svluyiiz.png Figure 17. Concept Score Sheet https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-crane-cost-increase-in-rough-terrain-hu92rpnr.png Figure 26. Crane Cost Increase in Rough Terrain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-telescoping-tower-2rnejdol.png Figure 5. Telescoping Tower https://scispace.com/figures/figure-30-coe-impact-of-self-erection-1zo10j5p.png Figure 30. COE Impact of Self-Erection https://scispace.com/papers/wingtip-vortex-preservation-using-a-coupled-vortex-particle-4v4kt7qutw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-results-of-the-2d-tip-vortex-simulation-using-the-14c7q3m6.png Figure 6. Results of the 2D tip vortex simulation using the CFD solver only on the coarse mesh https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-results-of-the-3d-wingtip-vortex-simulation-using-2pl2vqhi.png Figure 9. Results of the 3D wingtip vortex simulation using the CFD solver only on coarse mesh https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-of-the-coupled-cfd-vpm-solver-p1wvkp3y.png Figure 1. Flowchart of the coupled CFD-VPM solver https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-size-of-the-seeding-panel-used-in-the-coupled-cfd-fs170heo.png Figure 12. Size of the seeding panel used in the coupled CFD-VPM solver https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-iso-surface-of-vorticity-o-0-6-of-the-3d-wingtip-3va90525.png Figure 13. Iso-surface of vorticity, ω = 0.6, of the 3D wingtip vortex simulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-location-of-the-particles-at-the-100th-timestep-of-329d7lz7.png Figure 14. Location of the particles at the 100th timestep of the coupled CFD-VPM solver https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-of-the-2d-tip-vortex-simulation-using-the-1geep6et.png Figure 5. Results of the 2D tip vortex simulation using the CFD solver only on the fine mesh https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fine-mesh-used-in-naca-0021-2d-test-case-consisting-t4lr6278.png Figure 4. Fine mesh used in NACA 0021 2D test case consisting of 139810 points https://scispace.com/papers/winter-floods-in-britain-are-connected-to-atmospheric-rivers-11ulzz6l6n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-the-uk-showing-the-location-of-the-four-2c9awoug.png Figure 1. Map of the UK showing the location of the four river basins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-composite-mean-of-the-geopotential-at-900-hpa-3ms21hh7.png Figure 5. The composite mean of the Geopotential at 900 hPa (in metres) at 0600 UTC for the top 10 winter flood events in the (a) Eden at Temple Sowerby, (b) Ewe at Poolewe, (c) Teifi at Glan Teifi, and (d) Lambourn at Shaw. Red colours indicate positive geopotential anomalies; blue colours indicate negative geopotential anomalies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-19th-november-2009-flood-event-on-the-river-2h0apz40.png Figure 2. The 19th November 2009 flood event on the River Eden at Temple Sowerby (Cumbria): (a) the hydrograph of mean daily river flow (black line) and rainfall totals (grey bars); (b) the Mean Sea Level Pressure (MSLP) field (in hPa) at 0600 UTC on 19th November 2009; (c) the specific humidity at 900 hPa (in g kg−1) at 0600 UTC on 19th November 2009; (d) the vector wind at 900 hPa (in ms−1) at 0600 UTC on 19th November 2009; SSMIS F16 retrievals of (e) column IWV (in cm) and (f) Liquid Cloud Water (in mm). Note that the white colour in the centre of the AR in Figure 2e is missing values because the retrieval of water vapour fails in the presence of heavy rainfall. The black circle in Figures 2b–2f marks the location of the River Eden at Temple Sowerby gauging station. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-900-hpa-specific-humidity-fields-at-0600-utc-z144dful.png Figure 3. The 900 hPa specific humidity fields at 0600 UTC for (a–j) the top 10 winter flood events on the River Eden at Temple Sowerby. The black circle marks the location of the River Eden at Temple Sowerby gauging station. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-ar-locations-at-0600-utc-for-the-top-10-winter-3elh82i5.png Figure 4. The AR locations at 0600 UTC for the top 10 winter flood events in the (a) Eden at Temple Sowerby, (b) Ewe at Poolewe, (c) Teifi at Glan Teifi, and (d) Lambourn at Shaw. https://scispace.com/papers/winter-is-coming-psychological-and-situational-factors-grri2jslz0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-linear-mixed-model-predicting-active-transportation-1ydhz49j.png Table 4. Linear mixed model predicting active transportation mode use on university trips in the winter 416 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-n-441-341-laweq89c.png Table 1. Sample characteristics (n = 441) 341 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-linear-mixed-model-predicting-car-use-on-university-1wztfzw3.png Table 5. Linear mixed model predicting car use on university trips in the winter 430 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-linear-mixed-model-predicting-public-transportation-7yoyt974.png Table 3. Linear mixed model predicting public transportation mode use on university trips in the winter 402 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-the-study-variables-375-3bo2ey36.png Table 2. Correlations between the study variables 375 https://scispace.com/papers/winter-survival-of-eurasian-woodcock-scolopax-rusticola-in-5bqd73kfsb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-model-averaged-estimates-of-daily-survival-se-of-17m03msp.png Table 2. Model-averaged estimates of daily survival (SE) of woodcock wintering in central Italy during 1 December-28 February, 2001-2005. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-models-of-daily-survival-of-woodcock-wintering-in-1383zriv.png Table 1. Models of daily survival of woodcock wintering in central Italy during 1 December-28 February, 2001-2005. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cumulative-estimated-woodcock-winter-survival-and-ubjveqh9.png Figure 1. Cumulative estimated woodcock winter survival (and 95% CI) in central Italy during 1 December -28 February, 2001-2005, based on the lowest AICc model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameter-values-used-in-our-annual-population-model-2sb7anxj.png Table 4. Parameter values used in our annual population model of Eurasian woodcock to estimate rate of population growth, , under two scenarios. https://scispace.com/papers/wip-the-coordinated-generation-of-multimodal-presentations-50zhvdqhls 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-rendered-picture-with-annotations-130j6uqk.png Figure 11: Rendered Picture with Annotations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-generation-parameters-of-wip-1o5yi9rt.png Figure 1: The Generation Parameters of WIP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-action-structure-of-the-sample-document-3srdkvln.png Figure 5: The Action Structure of the Sample Document https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-architecture-of-the-wip-project-2x80mff3.png Figure 9: Architecture of the WIP Project https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-partially-instantiated-layout-b-revised-layout-3dax9lox.png Figure 14: (a) Partially Instantiated Layout, (b) Revised Layout https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-constraint-definition-and-a-preview-showing-a-grid-1itjdmp8.png Figure 10: Constraint definition and a preview showing a grid populated with two contrasting graphic boxes and the corresponding textboxes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-syntactic-incoherence-due-to-changed-perspective-in-3totd6ib.png Figure 6: Syntactic Incoherence due to Changed Perspective in C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-multimodal-instructions-for-the-use-of-an-espresso-39rweqlh.png Figure 3: Multimodal Instructions for the Use of an Espresso-Machine https://scispace.com/papers/wintertime-water-mass-modification-near-an-antarctic-ice-5c7d0krzx9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-data-collected-by-the-filchner-ice-front-10fw3qie.png TABLE 1. Summary of data collected by the Filchner Ice Front seal. The profile interval refers to the average distance between two profiles, while profile standard deviation (STD) is the average distance between any profile and the mean position. Note that the accuracy of the position for each profile is O(2 km) (Boehme et al. 2009) and can therefore explain some of the variation between positions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-temporal-and-vertical-resolution-of-profiles-from-3vzwkwrz.png FIG. 2. (a) Temporal and vertical resolution of profiles from the CTD–SRDL and corresponding time series (linearly interpolated onto a 10 dbar by 1-day grid) of (b) potential temperature, (c) salinity, and (d) potential density (s0). Tickmarks indicate the first day of each month. Black line in (b) is the isotherm for the surface freezing point used to define Ice Shelf Water (ISW). In (d) the black line indicates the mixed layer depth, calculated as the depth at which s0 increases by 0.05 kg m 23 from the surface. The plotted line is the 30-day running average. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-satellite-derived-tamura-et-al-2011-sea-ice-production-1jz9q6ep.png FIG. 5. Satellite-derived (Tamura et al. 2011) sea ice production (m, color axis cut at 5 m) and ERA-Interim heat fluxes (W m22, red contour lines) between March and September 2011. The black line is the 500-m isobath. The green square indicates the average position of hydrographic profiles. Inset: Compass plot of velocity data [cm s21, presented as the intensity (%) of each 208 bin] from an upward-looking ADCP deployed southwest of Brunt Ice Shelf (black square: 76.358S, 29.598W; depth 301 m) between August 2007 and March 2008. The figure is based on hourly averages below 200 m with tidal signals removed using a low-pass (PL64) filter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-modis-image-scambos-et-al-1996-showing-the-sea-ice-zp02tzfi.png FIG. 1. (a)MODIS image (Scambos et al. 1996) showing the sea ice distribution over the southeasternWeddell Sea continental shelf on 20 Nov 2011. The red circle shows the area where the seal was tagged and subsequently spent the winter. (b)–(d) Satellite derived monthly sea ice concentrations [Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), Spreen et al. (2008)] from 2011. The black dots show the positions of T–S profiles from the instrumented seal. The 500-m isobath is indicated by the gray line. The low sea ice concentration around 768S, 408W is caused by transient polynyas around the grounded iceberg A23. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-calculated-sea-ice-production-per-unit-area-bars-c6bgnzrt.png FIG. 4. (a) Calculated sea ice production per unit area (bars) inferred from the seal-derived salinity increase in the upper 300 m (solid line, crosses show individual salinity measurements). (b) Seasonal salinity evolution based on seal profiles from the northern shelf (758–75.58S, 288–308W): July profile (open squares) from 74.88S, 25.58W. Horizontal bars indicate one standard deviation and are drawn every 50 m based on 38 (March), 16 (June), and 3 (September) profiles, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-potential-temperature-salinity-q-s-diagram-showing-the-3fjefdim.png FIG. 3. Potential temperature-salinity (Q–S) diagram showing the seasonal change in water mass properties. The black dashed line is the surface freezing temperature, while green solid lines are meltwater mixing lines (2.758C psu21) showing the trajectory of a water parcel in Q–S space as it interacts with the ice shelf base. https://scispace.com/papers/wireless-epidemic-spread-in-dynamic-human-networks-2knbglkfm6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-hops-and-cluster-coefficient-1acvnqd2.png Table 2: Average Hops and Cluster Coefficient https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-degree-distribution-gates-in-bath-trace-3m4ud5tg.png Fig. 4: Degree Distribution: Gates in Bath Trace https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-aggregated-degree-distribution-235c4ewb.png Fig. 3: Aggregated Degree Distribution https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-hub-node-membership-similarity-d4bpwazm.png Table 4: Hub Node Membership Similarity https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-inactivation-of-hub-nodes-1ld9fq48.png Fig. 13: Inactivation of Hub Nodes https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hub-nodes-correlation-17wpl1l8.png Table 3: Hub Nodes Correlation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-experiments-7rzqf0du.png Table 1: Characteristics of the experiments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-largest-fragment-in-timeunit-bath-trace-3tzimttx.png Fig. 5: Largest Fragment in Timeunit (Bath Trace) https://scispace.com/papers/wireless-network-capacity-management-a-real-options-approach-w400ocrsyz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-regressions-of-daily-returns-for-wireless-103u944m.png Figure 11: Regressions of daily returns for wireless communications firms on TSE 300 index. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-rogers-wireless-telecommunications-inc-corporate-3kj5eqed.png Table 10: Rogers Wireless Telecommunications Inc. corporate data. Dollar figures are in Canadian funds. The data was obtained from http://www.globeinvestor.com/ on April 18, 2002 and Rogers’ quarterly financial reports. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-model-parameters-for-equation-3-9-2dypkxa1.png Table 4: Model parameters for equation (3.9). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-maximum-annual-revenues-for-a-cluster-3ilofokp.png Table 3: Estimated maximum annual revenues for a cluster. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-one-year-total-daily-bouncing-busy-hour-traffic-3kcdt9w6.png Figure 8: One year total daily bouncing busy hour traffic without known low traffic periods such as major holidays, suspicious events, and the month of December. The plot shows data for Thursdays, the day of the week with the highest average level of traffic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-one-year-logarithmic-daily-bouncing-busy-hour-1mxxx19b.png Figure 9: One year logarithmic daily bouncing busy hour relative traffic changes. Known holidays and suspicious changes have been replaced using interpolation. The month of December is ignored and the trend of the time series has been removed. The plot shows data for Thursdays, the day of the week with the highest average traffic. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-parameter-estimates-and-ljung-box-test-results-1th0ajc0.png Table 8: Parameter estimates and Ljung-Box test results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-annual-maintenance-costs-for-a-cluster-1vg8d1dx.png Table 2: Estimated annual maintenance costs for a cluster. https://scispace.com/papers/wireless-link-scheduling-under-a-graded-sinr-interference-3dm6wp80it 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-graded-sinr-model-the-rate-is-intended-as-krwust18.png Figure 1: The graded SINR model. The rate is intended as normalized w.r.t. maximal possible rate Wmax. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schedule-length-improvement-for-increasing-link-2w0bt9j0.png Figure 4: Schedule length improvement for increasing link quality threshold in the dense (left) and sparse (right) grid-like deployment scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schedule-length-improvement-for-increasing-link-1qos279o.png Figure 5: Schedule length improvement for increasing link quality threshold in the dense (left) and sparse (right) random deployment scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-total-link-traffic-demand-in-the-grid-like-left-and-3hbxy3kt.png Figure 6: Total link traffic demand in the grid-like (left) and random (right) deployment scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-gradedsinr-algorithm-27ns9r28.png Figure 2: The GradedSINR Algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-normalized-aggregate-throughput-at-the-gateway-4a286bdg.png Figure 7: Normalized aggregate throughput at the gateway nodes as a function of the link quality threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-possible-link-schedule-under-the-graded-1fcyumsf.png Figure 3: Example of possible link schedule under the graded SINR model. The data rate on, e.g., link l1 is different in slot S1, S2, S3, S4, S6, S7, S8 in which it is activated. https://scispace.com/papers/wireless-power-transfer-and-optogenetic-stimulation-of-4my57d4om9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-wireless-cage-allows-for-wireless-power-transfer-4h0f3294.png Fig. 1. The wireless cage allows for wireless power transfer from the transmitter coil to the receiver coil that is mounted on the head ring of multiple freely-moving mice. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-transmitter-coil-parameters-2gghijxg.png TABLE I TRANSMITTER COIL PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-magnetic-field-generated-by-the-transmitter-coil-as-2txkwrzf.png Fig. 2. Magnetic field generated by the transmitter coil, as simulated in HFSS. The field is strongest near the edges of the coil (left and right side in the figure), and weakest on the top and bottom. Therefore, although the height of the coil is 30 cm, the effective height is restricted to 20 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-line-efficiency-eline-versus-input-power-from-highest-1271xd06.png Fig. 8. Line efficiency ηline versus input power. From highest to lowest efficiency: MCU efficiency (dashed+dots), regulator efficiency (dots), rectifier efficiency (dashed), and total line efficiency (straight line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-magnetic-field-strength-h-a-m-within-the-transmitter-27if006w.png Fig. 10. Magnetic field strength H (A/m) within the transmitter coil box, along the cross-section of the transmitter cage, for different RMS (root mean square) values of current (A) fed into the transmitter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effect-of-rload-on-inductive-link-efficiency-elink-at-3kqqkw8x.png Fig. 7. Effect of Rload on inductive link efficiency ηlink at a fixed coupling factor of 0.31%. The lower horizontal line (green) indicates the load at which half of the peak efficiency is provided. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-measurement-results-of-angular-efficiency-eth-for-1irh9hsz.png Fig. 9. Measurement results of angular efficiency ηθ for different degrees of angular misalignment between the receiver and the transmitter coil. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-needle-optrode-fabrication-steps-a-and-b-shape-the-2enz3i8l.png Fig. 5. Needle optrode fabrication steps: a) and b) Shape the edge of the needle to a flatter surface using the scrub roller machine (image 1). c) Remove the plastic connector. d) Remove the isolation from the end of the wire and edge button of the needle. Apply conductive silver glue to the needle. e) Wrap the other end around the back-end of the needle and heat it up. f) Insert one, two or three anode wires through the needle cavity. The wires are fixed in position and the isolation of the middle part of the wire is removed. The needle tube is filled with non-conducting fast curing glue. g) Apply integrated circuit silver paste on the flatten surface (image 2). h) Place the µLEDs on the paste using the pick-and-place machine (image 3), heating up the needle. Perform gold bonding on the µLEDs using a bonding machine (image 4). i) Cover the µLEDs with the fast UV-curing optic glue (image 5) and fix the plastic end to the wires by using heat-shrink tubes. https://scispace.com/papers/wireless-non-contact-biopotential-electrodes-2bwxvf0dtl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-experiment-showing-the-signal-from-the-frontal-3r8ojl7s.png Figure 4: Experiment showing the signal from the frontal capacitive electrode (Fp1A1) in blue and the signal from the occipital capacitive electrode (O1A1). Eye blink artifacts are visible in the frontal electrodes during the first half of the recording. Strong alpha activity is seen in the occipital electrode after the subject’s eyes close. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-detailed-comparison-of-signal-acquired-3hwir6tm.png Figure 3: Detailed comparison of signal acquired simultaneously from a set of clinical grade 3M Red Dot Ag/AgCl adhesive electrodes and the noncontact sensor. The non-contact sensor was placed over a cotton t-shirt. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-picture-of-the-prototype-ecg-chest-vest-and-eeg-6jqfd1dg.png Figure 1: Picture of the prototype ECG chest vest and EEG head band demonstration system. The demo will showcase the non-contact sensor hardware transmitting telemetry wirelessly to a laptop. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-picture-of-the-non-contact-capacitive-electrode-the-2ujxa8bn.png Figure 2: Picture of the non-contact, capacitive electrode. The sensor is manufactured on a standard PCB, which contains the amplifier circuits on the top and the sensing plate on the bottom. https://scispace.com/papers/wireless-multi-sensor-gas-platform-for-environmental-2tmanh7apo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-carbon-monoxide-electrochemical-gas-sensor-response-2p76cwnd.png Fig. 6. Carbon monoxide electrochemical gas sensor response https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-wireless-multisensor-node-2vvshd9h.png Fig. 1. Block diagram of wireless multisensor node. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sensing-circuit-for-the-catalytic-semiconductor-1s06zp8t.png Fig. 2. Sensing circuit for the catalytic/semiconductor sensors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-output-residual-signal-values-for-different-methane-u9po3p4r.png Fig. 4. Output residual signal values for different methane concentrations for catalytic sensor in multistage heating mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sensing-circuit-with-the-electrochemical-sensor-jh9m1nq4.png Fig. 5. Sensing circuit with the electrochemical sensor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sensors-response-to-various-gases-at-t-500-degs-1-the-37ewooai.png Fig. 3. Sensor’s response to various gases at Т = 500 °С: (1) – the air; (2) – pyrolysis; (3) – 0.2 % СН4; (4) – alcohol fume. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sensing-circuit-with-the-digital-interface-for-mipex-26cjpsfw.png Fig. 8. Sensing circuit with the digital interface for MIPEX sensor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-hydrogen-sulfide-electrochemical-gas-sensor-response-2eipl2lj.png Fig. 7. Hydrogen sulfide electrochemical gas sensor response https://scispace.com/papers/wireless-powered-communication-networks-architectures-3ydy6xnr2a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-optimal-t-vs-channel-fading-db-2v7oc2gs.png Figure 4.3: Optimal τ vs. Channel Fading (dB). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-throughput-regions-of-all-proposed-elementary-2bn211ck.png Figure 3.4: Throughput Regions of all proposed Elementary Protocols with the suppression factor β = −45dB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-throughput-regions-of-all-proposed-elementary-90k5fnxh.png Figure 3.3: Throughput Regions of all proposed Elementary Protocols with the suppression factor β = −75dB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-throughput-regions-of-all-proposed-elementary-1wrz7f5e.png Figure 3.2: Throughput Regions of all proposed Elementary Protocols with the suppression factor β = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-maximum-sum-throughput-vs-channel-fading-db-2lhcge2g.png Figure 4.2: Maximum Sum Throughput vs. Channel Fading (dB). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-optimized-throughput-vs-distance-6dps1ggj.png Figure 5.2: Optimized Throughput vs. Distance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-system-model-35saf81e.png Figure 5.1: System Model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-diagram-of-five-elementary-protocols-for-the-1n5x48f5.png Figure 3.1: Diagram of five elementary protocols for the considered network. https://scispace.com/papers/wireless-sensor-networks-for-ambient-intelligence-pczhi6lik9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-intermediate-signals-and-output-from-the-capacitance-1a03caw8.png Fig. 14. Intermediate signals and output from the capacitance-meter using a calibrated waveform generator to feed the RC bridge. (a) Vin: RC bridge pulse train excitation. Vout: output of the instr. amplifier, unfiltered. Vout DC: LP filtered output. Cb = 69 pF; Cs = 80 pF. (b) Signals taken from both branches of the RC bridge. Cb = 69 pF and Cs = 120 pF. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-intermediate-signals-and-output-from-the-capacitance-3k4fb42a.png Fig. 13. Intermediate signals and output from the capacitance-meter using a calibrated waveform generator to feed the RC bridge: (a) intermediate signals: RC bridge sinewave excitation (Vin), Output of the instr. amplifier, unfiltered (Vout), LP filtered output (Vout DC). Cb = 69 pF; Cs = 80 pF. (b) Same as ‘b’ but Cs = 120 pF. (c) Signals taken from both branches of the RC bridge. Cb = 69 pF and Cs = 120 pF. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-final-results-for-occupancy-sensor-calibration-ho7qhhdw.png Table 2: Final results for occupancy sensor. Calibration process was successively performed for people with different weight. Output values for each people and calculated thresholds are shown, where data are raw analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) reading in the range from 0 to 1023 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-translation-between-several-sensor-input-patterns-to-2k98xnkg.png Fig. 11. Translation between several sensor input patterns to sensor state outputs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-reduced-version-of-the-function-table-for-k9b8iss9.png Table 3.1: Reduced version of the function table for determining the data to https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-alert-intelligent-device-dia-schematic-block-3jvqbad2.png Figure 2: Alert intelligent device (DIA) schematic block diagram. The system consists of: a set of sensor nodes having specific hardware and firmware architectures, a special sensor node named base station, an ambient intelligence (AmI) station hosted on a miniPC and a general packet radio services (GPRS) communication module to access internet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-11-left-prototype-of-the-wearable-sensor-node-with-35jy1bnf.png Figure 3.11: Left, prototype of the wearable sensor node with its current case https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-schematic-overview-of-the-system-installed-at-a-31vp6cem.png Figure 1.1: Schematic overview of the system installed at a prototype home. https://scispace.com/papers/wireless-wearable-self-calibrated-sensor-for-perfusion-4zrzgnyv2e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bottom-ans-top-views-of-the-device-36pq2q3w.png Fig. 1. Bottom ans top views of the device. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ischamia-experiment-for-all-types-of-fitzpatrick-scale-33fy1vwn.png Fig. 3. Ischamia experiment for all types of Fitzpatrick scale. The grey area is 70mmHg pressure applied, while the one on red is for 100mmHg. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-on-node-automatic-gain-control-of-the-device-dac-4g86p71b.png Fig. 2. On node automatic gain control of the device. DAC=digitalanalogue converter; ADC=analogue-digital converter; PWMI,I={RED, IR}=I LED reading; G=gain of the ampli op; Sa=analogue output of the amplifier; Sd=digitalised Sa signal; RI, I={RED, IR}=register saving calibration parameters for I; MI, I={RED, IR}= SdI result from median filtering; BLE=Bluetooth Low Energy; α= 0.87mV; β= 13mV; ϕmin= 86mV ; ϕmax=2V https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulated-sto2-percentage-during-synthetic-venous-flow-onjv3d01.png Fig. 8. Simulated StO2 percentage during synthetic venous flow occlusion experiment. From a baseline, impact of partial venous occlusion (for 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) is monitored. Increasing the occlusion percentage, decreases the simulated StO2 percentage values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-naive-bayes-classification-for-the-partial-synthetic-1m0j82zn.png Fig. 10. Naive Bayes classification for the partial synthetic venous occlusion experiment data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-true-and-predicted-classifications-for-the-partial-175x9qio.png Fig. 9. True and predicted classifications for the partial occlusion experiment data into the previously trained naive Bayes classifier (see figure 7) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cold-water-experiment-for-all-types-of-fitzpatrick-2bma2s43.png Fig. 4. Cold water experiment for all types of Fitzpatrick scale. The grey area shows the data for which the participant placed her hand in cold water. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulated-sto2-percentage-during-pulse-experiment-at-13l4drq8.png Fig. 5. Simulated StO2 percentage during pulse experiment. At each pulse, referenced by an arrow, there is a drop in the percentage level followed by an increase. https://scispace.com/papers/wisconsin-forest-statistics-1983-2vsnd17qpx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-19-area-of-nonforest-land-with-trees-by-forest-type-77rdcyl1.png Table 19.—Area of nonforest land with trees by forest type and land use, Wisconsin 1983 https://scispace.com/figures/table-44-net-annual-growth-of-sawtimber-on-commercial-forest-y8zf4f29.png Table 44.— Net annual growth of sawtimber on commercial forest land by species group and Forest Survey Unit, Wisconsin , 1 982 https://scispace.com/figures/table-64-annual-mortality-of-sawtimber-on-commercial-forest-1md8pm6b.png Table 64.—Annual mortality of sawtimber on commercial forest land by species group and cause, Wisconsin, 1982 https://scispace.com/figures/table-59-net-annual-growth-and-removals-of-growing-stock-and-3r4srnw9.png Table 59. --Net annual growth and removals of growing stock and sawtimber on commercial forest land by species group, Wisconsin, 1982 https://scispace.com/figures/table-65-annual-mortality-of-growing-stock-and-sawtimber-on-1lkzzq2a.png Table 65.—Annual mortality of growing stock and https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-area-of-commercial-forest-land-by-ownership-class-1er29so0.png Table 6. --Area of commercial forest land by ownership class and stand-volume class, Wisconsin, 1983 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-area-of-commercial-forest-land-by-ownership-class-27bjvxsh.png Table 5. --Area of commercial forest land by ownership class and site class, Wisconsin, 1983 https://scispace.com/figures/table-61-net-annual-growth-and-removals-of-saw-1izo43z6.png Table 61.—Net annual growth and removals of saw- https://scispace.com/papers/wirtinger-based-integral-inequality-application-to-time-1xpicpg6yd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-interval-of-allowable-asynchronous-samplings-the-2yr1j0pj.png Table 2 Interval of allowable asynchronous samplings. The theoretical bounds have been computed by an eigenvalue analysis for the case of synchronous samplings. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-maximal-allowable-delays-hm-for-system-described-27fhutuc.png Table 1 The maximal allowable delays hM for system described in Example (20). https://scispace.com/papers/wisea-j114724-10-204021-3-a-free-floating-planetary-mass-3v7xomhjmj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-the-irtf-spex-spectrum-of-wisea-1147-2040-mfqbh8wb.png Figure 2. Left: the IRTF/SpeX spectrum of WISEA 1147–2040 (black) compared with the near-infrared L6 (2MASSI J1010148–040649; Reid et al. 2006), L7 (2MASSI J0103320+193536; Cruz et al. 2004), and L8 (2MASSW J1632291+190441; Burgasser 2007b) standards (red). Right: the IRTF/SpeX spectrum of WISEA 1147–2040 (black) compared with 2MASS J03552337+1133437 (L5γ; Faherty et al. 2013), WISEP J004701.06+680352.1 (L7 INT-G; Gizis et al. 2015), and WISE J174102.78–464225.5 (L7, very red; Schneider et al. 2014). Each spectrum is normalized by the mean flux from 1.27 to 1.32 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-wisea-j114724-10-204021-3-properties-et3privl.png Table 1 WISEA J114724.10-204021.3 Properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-three-color-composite-vhs-image-centered-on-the-ih57xsbd.png Figure 1. Three-color composite VHS image centered on the position of WISEA 1147–2040 (Y—blue, J—green, KS—red). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-irtf-spex-spectrum-of-wisea-1147-2040-black-2g0wkvbj.png Figure 3. IRTF/SpeX spectrum of WISEA 1147–2040 (black) compared with the best-fitting BT-Settl model (red; Teff=1500 K, log g = 4.0). The data used to create this figure are available. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top-the-position-of-wisea-1147-2040-red-star-in-the-222h2gz2.png Figure 4. Top: the position of WISEA 1147–2040 (red star) in the sky relative to known TWA members (blue circles), high-probability (>50%) candidates from Gagné et al. (2015; orange hexagons), and 2MASS J11193254-1137466 (light blue square) from Kellogg et al. (2015). Bottom: the XYZ positions of WISEA 1147–2040, known TWA members, high-probability (>50%) candidates from Gagné et al. (2015), and 2MASS J11193254-1137466. Symbols are the same as the upper panel. https://scispace.com/papers/with-childhood-hemispherectomy-one-hemisphere-can-support-4c5ng2f7ro 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-individual-patient-accuracy-on-the-word-and-face-1krczp7d.png Table 1. Individual patient accuracy on the word and face recognition tasks compared to distributions of controls 212 using primarily the LH, RH, or both hemispheres. Each cell shows the percentage of patients in each group who 213 showed an accuracy deficit compared to a given control distribution. Rows indicate the control distribution of 214 comparison, and columns indicate the patient group and stimulus category. 215 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-violin-plots-show-the-distribution-of-accuracy-fm3f34ff.png Figure 4. Violin plots show the distribution of accuracy values on the SF identification task for each group (patients 290 and controls) by hemisphere used (left vs. right for patients and “one-hemisphere controls” viewing stimuli in the 291 hemifields; both hemispheres for “central controls” viewing stimuli centrally) and stimulus category (HSF vs. LSF). 292 Overlaid point plots show the individual values for each participant. To visualize any effect of age, points are 293 separated by terciles of the age distribution, shown in different shades of blue (controls) and red (patients). Points are 294 randomly jittered to minimize overlapping data. yr = years. 295 296 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-participants-viewed-sequential-pairs-of-words-top-3iv1f0c1.png Figure 1. Participants viewed sequential pairs of words (top) and faces (bottom) in separate blocks. Participants were 138 asked to indicate, via a key press, whether stimuli in a pair were the same or different. Stimuli are not drawn to scale. 139 A: Patients and “central controls” viewed all stimuli at central fixation. B: “One-hemisphere controls” viewed the 140 second stimulus in one of two visual hemifields on a given trial to initially restrict processing to a single hemisphere 141 (Bourne, 2006). 142 For each group comparison (patients vs. one-hemisphere controls and patients vs. 143 central controls), a linear mixed effects model was fit to the data (plotted in Fig. 2). Group 144 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-participants-viewed-sequential-presentations-of-38gz04p4.png Figure 3. Participants viewed sequential presentations of Gabor patches (sinusoidal gratings). Participants were 278 asked to indicate, via a key press, whether a patch had narrow or wide stripes/lines. Stimuli are not drawn to scale. A: 279 Patients and “central controls” viewed all stimuli at central fixation. B: “One-hemisphere controls” viewed all stimuli in 280 one of two visual hemifields on a given trial to initially restrict processing to a single hemisphere (Bourne, 2006). 281 As with the word and face discrimination tasks, for each group comparison (patients vs. 282 one-hemisphere controls and patients vs. central controls), a linear mixed effects model was fit 283 to the data (plotted in Fig. 4). Group (patients vs. controls), primary hemisphere used (left vs. 284 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-patient-information-some-patients-had-multiple-2uowuaww.png Table 3. Patient information. Some patients had multiple surgeries to complete the hemispherectomy: the 607 approximate ages at the first and last surgery are reported. W = word, F = face, and SF = spatial frequency tasks. 608 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-violin-plots-show-the-distribution-of-accuracy-1d8z0mgl.png Figure 2. Violin plots show the distribution of accuracy values on the word and face recognition tasks for each group 156 (patients and controls) by hemisphere used (left vs. right for patients and “one-hemisphere” controls viewing stimuli in 157 the hemifields; both hemispheres for “central controls” viewing stimuli centrally) and stimulus category (words vs. 158 faces). Overlaid point plots show the individual values for each participant. To visualize any effect of age, points are 159 separated by terciles of the age distribution, shown in different shades of blue (controls) and red (patients). Points are 160 randomly jittered to minimize overlapping data. yr = years. 161 162 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-plots-of-the-correlation-of-accuracy-proportion-1hytdblo.png Figure 5. A: Plots of the correlation of accuracy (proportion of correct trials) on word and high spatial frequency trials 389 (left panel) and face and low spatial frequency trials (right panel). Each point represents an individual patient. B: 390 Correlation matrices for patients with a left (left panel) or right (right panel) hemisphere, with color indicating the 391 magnitude of the correlation. LH = left hemisphere; RH = right hemisphere; HSF = high spatial frequency; LSF = low 392 spatial frequency. 393 There was no significant correlation between accuracy on word and HSF trials among 394 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-individual-patient-accuracy-on-the-sf-task-compared-2n2at5vs.png Table 2. Individual patient accuracy on the SF task compared to distributions of controls using primarily the LH, RH, 321 or both hemispheres. Each cell shows the percentage of patients in each group who showed an accuracy deficit 322 compared to a given control distribution. Rows indicate the control distribution of comparison, and columns indicate 323 the patient group and stimulus category. 324 https://scispace.com/papers/with-more-than-a-little-help-from-my-bank-loan-to-value-4nmszvezs8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-206i49q2.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-change-in-composition-of-households-eligible-for-a-2atlrl4k.png Figure 6 Change in composition of households eligible for a mortgage with different LTVs (1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-krletxqc.png Figure 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-access-to-sustainable-housing-mortgages-at-1g6hn2y8.png Figure 5 Access to sustainable housing mortgages at different LTVs, by income quartile (1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2iq78wam.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-15gun7gd.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pj4mqu5w.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/with-the-greatest-sincerity-expressing-genuineness-of-15zwiddl94 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-the-combinations-of-components-xrhe8j3j.png Table 1: Distribution of the combinations of components. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-linguistic-expressions-in-the-intermediate-slot-in-ihnxbxk8.png Table 2: Linguistic expressions in the intermediate slot in extended formulae. https://scispace.com/papers/witwatersrand-gold-deposits-formed-by-volcanic-rain-anoxic-i1emmt7awu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rock-slab-of-carbon-leader-reef-with-black-carbon-2c7k03cj.png Fig. 1 | Rock slab of Carbon Leader Reef, with black carbon containing bonanza-grade gold as microscopic inclusions. Fibrous microbial mats (cb) draped quartz pebbles (qz) and a basal layer of heavy minerals including uraninite (orange). The reef (bottom –B– to top –T–) contains pyrite pebbles (py-p) and concentric pyrite concretions (py-c). It records a land surface exposed to long periods of wind ablation, acid sulphurous rain and transient cover by stagnant or gently flowing water. The quiescent period of gold enrichment was terminated by a flooding event covering the reef with barren sand (above –T–). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-gold-solubility-in-archaean-surface-water-as-function-1gin7k51.png Fig. 2 | Gold solubility in Archaean surface water as function of redox conditions and acidity. Red solubility contours calculated from experimental thermodynamic data25,27, and constraints imposed by input of sulphur-rich volcanic gas into the atmosphere18 (green) and by weathering reactions at the continental land surface (blue; kao = kaolinite; mus = muscovite / illite; ksp = potassium feldspar)2. Total sulphur activity is set to 10–3.4, corresponding to a partial pressure of hydrogen sulphide of ~10–2 bar in the local air. Grey labels indicate three geochemical drivers, proposed to have interacted to form the Witwatersrand gold ores (WITS). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-process-cycle-for-the-formation-of-giant-carbon-leader-3cylko6x.png Fig. 3 | Process cycle for the formation of giant carbon-leader gold reefs in the Witwatersrand basin. https://scispace.com/papers/wives-and-mothers-at-risk-the-role-of-marital-and-maternal-5gqd5kk4qc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-status-of-sample-in-regard-to-wives-and-mothers-n-1n15324b.png TABLE 1. Status of Sample in Regard to Wives and Mothers (N = 423) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-risk-factors-for-women-of-differing-parental-status-1jrokby4.png TABLE 3. Risk Factors for Women of Differing Parental Status https://scispace.com/papers/wlan-based-pedestrian-tracking-using-particle-filters-and-3atf7d0i45 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-parameters-of-algorithms-ol141bux.png TABLE II PARAMETERS OF ALGORITHMS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-of-real-world-test-7ujw7sc4.png TABLE I RESULTS OF REAL WORLD TEST https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-cdf-of-location-error-of-real-world-test-34o50sw7.png Fig. 7 CDF of Location Error of Real World Test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulation-environment-and-test-routes-stars-represent-1u9inmfp.png Fig. 4 Simulation environment and test routes (Stars represent the APs.) https://scispace.com/papers/wlasciwosci-zbiornikowe-utworow-wapienia-muszlowego-na-nizu-541gtzr5q6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-total-porosity-changes-graph-with-depth-in-the-3c5r5frs.png Fig. 4. Total porosity changes graph with depth in the Muschelkalk limestones https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-lithological-stratigraphic-profile-of-the-muschelkalk-1h5xe8yt.png Fig. 1. Lithological–stratigraphic profile of the Muschelkalk deposits in the Piotrków Trybunalski IG-1 borehole https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-permeability-changes-graph-with-depth-in-the-27yxekeh.png Fig. 7. Permeability changes graph with depth in the Muschelkalk limestones https://scispace.com/papers/wnt4-and-sex-development-q05illaf6h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-embryonic-development-gw-gestational-week-data-derived-3jspfc2x.png Fig. 1. Embryonic development. GW: Gestational week. Data derived from Bertrand et al. [1993]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-known-mutations-in-the-wnt4-gene-causing-disease-the-1a3jonsj.png Fig. 7. Known mutations in the WNT4 gene causing disease. The heterozygote mutations were found in women with no uterus and signs of virilization. The homozygote mutation (boxed) is linked to a more severe entity, called SERKAL syndrome. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-undifferentiated-sexual-system-at-6-7-weeks-of-136ce9ib.png Fig. 2. The undifferentiated sexual system at 6–7 weeks of gestation. Precursor structures (top) and their mature counterparts (bottom) have the same color. From Stenchever and Goldfarb [1998]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-wnt4-and-human-sex-development-the-development-of-the-1j9s6vnk.png Fig. 9. WNT4 and human sex development. The development of the genital ridge and bipotential gonad is under similar control in the two sexes. An ovary develops in the absence of SRY and SOX9 action, possibly because of the anti-testis effects of DAX1 and WNT4. Steroidogenesis is delayed in the ovary by the action of WNT4, which is also needed for the development of the Müllerian ducts and germ cell survival. A testis develops as a result of SRY and SOX9 action, complemented by DAX1. The regression of the Müllerian ducts is mediated by anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and its receptor (AMH-Rec), whereas the androgenic stabilization of the Wolffian ducts and the differentiation of the external genitalia are mediated by the androgen receptor (AR). The descent of the testes is partially mediated by the insulin-like 3 ligand (Insl3) and its receptor (Lgr8). Modified from Hughes [2004]. https://scispace.com/papers/wmd-wmd-wmd-securitisation-through-ritualised-incantation-of-1327mk8aef 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-monthly-frequencies-of-weapons-of-mass-destruction-1zh33iui.png Figure 2: Monthly Frequencies of “Weapons of Mass Destruction” in Major U.S. Publications During the Run-Up to War https://scispace.com/papers/woce-argo-global-hydrographic-climatology-1ljx1fa4rj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-absolute-difference-between-the-observed-and-1qtahadj.png Figure 4. Mean absolute difference between the observed and extrapolated profiles for temperature (a) and salinity (b) at different merging depths. The intersection of each difference profile with the y axis corresponds to the respective merging depth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-the-profile-extrapolation-procedure-for-1d8pomlo.png Figure 3. Example of the profile extrapolation procedure for three arbitrarily selected CTD temperature (a) and salinity (b) profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-selected-areas-within-the-world-ocean-for-which-t-31xzapma.png Figure 12. Selected areas within the world ocean for which T –S histograms have been compared between the WAGHC and WOA13 climatologies. Please note that the above figure contains disputed territories. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-annual-cycle-amplitudes-for-temperature-a-waghc-b-2cfjn9yh.png Figure 16. Annual cycle amplitudes for temperature (a – WAGHC, b – WOA13) and salinity (d – WAGHC, e – WOA13) averaged over the upper 100 m layer for the WAGHC and WOA13 climatologies. Amplitude difference WAGHC minus WOA13 for temperature (c) and salinity (f). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-zonally-averaged-september-minus-march-differences-y0hk7sxz.png Figure 17. Zonally averaged September minus March differences vs. depth for (a) WAGHC temperature, (b) WOA13 temperature; (c) difference a− b; (d) WAGHC salinity; (e) WOA13 salinity; and (f) difference d − e. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-positions-of-full-depth-profiles-used-for-the-10do3h77.png Figure 5. (a) Positions of full-depth profiles used for the extrapolation procedure (blue – before 1985, red – after 1984); (b) positions of extrapolated profiles (red – Argo profiles, blue – non-Argo profiles); (c) percentage of extrapolated levels; (d) extrapolated profile frequency distribution vs. the number of extrapolated levels; and (e) extrapolated profile frequency distribution vs. the year of observation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-area-mean-climatological-year-vs-depth-monthly-185szyam.png Figure 6. Area-mean climatological year vs. depth. Monthly values above 1900 m are shown in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-mean-average-distance-to-the-four-nearest-hvehb7rs.png Figure 7. The mean average distance to the four nearest binaveraged profiles vs. depth. https://scispace.com/papers/wolbachia-in-the-spittlebug-prosapia-ignipectus-variable-2yyi6s3k3q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sister-species-p-ignipectus-and-p-bicincta-have-3439vhbc.png Figure 1. Sister species P. ignipectus and P. bicincta have conspicuous dorsal coloration. All P. bicincta individuals have a single narrow transverse orange line across the widest part of the pronotum and a pair of narrow orange lines across the elytra. Most P. ignipectus individuals have a solid black dorsal surface, but in Maine some P. ignipectus have P. bicincta-like coloration. P. ignipectus monophagous on the late season C4 perennial grass Schizachyrium scoparium (Little bluestem). Little bluestem photo by Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz (CC BY-SA 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/license s/by-sa/4.0). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-wpig-infection-frequencies-in-p-ignipectus-at-each-2qhxikmm.png Table 1. wPig infection frequencies in P. ignipectus at each sampled site across both years. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-estimated-phylogram-for-model-group-a-wri-cp6fb8e8.png Figure 2. An estimated phylogram for model group-A (wRi, Klasson et al., 2009); and (wMel, Wu et al., 2004) and group-B (wPip_Pel, Klasson et al., 2008); and (wMau, Meany et al., 2019) Wolbachia, plus wPig. All nodes have Bayesian posterior probabilities of 1. The divergence time of groups A and B is superimposed from (Meany et al., 2019). The phylogram shows significant variation in the substitution rates across branches, with long branches separating groups A and B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-wpig-frequency-varies-through-space-and-time-circle-3u67st5g.png Figure 3. wPig frequency varies through space and time. Circle size denotes sample size, with outline and fill color denoting sampling year and infection status, respectively. Sample means and 95% binomial confidence intervals are reported for each sample. The dashed back line denotes the geographical separation of monomorphic black and monomorphic lined P. ignipectus populations. https://scispace.com/papers/wolbachia-host-shifts-routes-mechanisms-constraints-and-498kgmyxtq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-breaking-host-shifts-into-successive-events-with-1tmfndq8.png Figure 2. Breaking host shifts into successive events, with various respective probabilities of occurrence. Each step i in the process is associated with a probability 𝑃! that it is successfully taken by Wolbachia. Graphically, each probability is represented by the bottom width of the respective trapezoid relative to its top width. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wolbachia-and-host-requirements-in-each-steps-of-2zqr87v8.png Figure 1: Wolbachia and host requirements in each steps of the host shift process. https://scispace.com/papers/wolf-canis-lupus-predation-impacts-on-livestock-production-omb1wizcxa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-compensation-ratios-derived-from-a-representative-tzchlr8k.png Table 6. Compensation ratios derived from a representative cow–calf budget in northwest Wyoming, USA using alternative assumptions about the magnitude of indirect wolf effects (June 2012). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-gross-margin-distributions-between-3fp4316a.png Figure 1. Comparison of gross margin distributions between the baseline scenario (i.e., no wolf effects) and cumulative stochastic wolf effects estimated using a representative cow–calf budget for northwestern Wyoming (June 2012). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-compensation-ratios-across-alternative-1z36nks8.png Table 5. Comparison of compensation ratios across alternative wolf pressure scenarios derived using a stochastic budget model of cow–calf production in northwest Wyoming, USA (June 2012). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-direction-of-change-for-model-parameters-used-to-3e6m3m0w.png Table 1. Direction of change for model parameters used to simulate wolf effects in the cow–calf enterprise budget representative of production in northwestern Wyoming (June 2012). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-model-parameters-for-representative-cow-calf-budget-1emyb7kc.png Table 3. Model parameters for representative cow–calf budget in northwestern Wyoming corresponding to different levels (baseline, low, moderate, and severe) of wolf effects (June 2012). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-comparison-of-gross-margins-between-a-scenario-with-2q2u6q80.png Table 7. Comparison of gross margins between a scenario with no wolf effects (i.e., baseline) and low output prices, and a scenario with severe wolf effects and high output prices derived from a representative cow–calf budget for northwest Wyoming, USA (June 2012). https://scispace.com/papers/woman-as-a-project-key-issues-for-women-who-want-to-get-on-4xb3kjq3ev 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-woman-as-a-project-key-issues-for-women-who-want-to-otlk9smq.png Figure 1. Woman as a Project: Key Issues for Women Who Want to Get On https://scispace.com/papers/wolf-howls-encode-both-sender-and-context-specific-1dhje6rtj6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-study-subjects-n-13-with-details-on-their-age-class-pp5227pc.png Table 1. Study subjects (N = 13) with details on their age class, sex, pack and the number of howls 597 collected in each context 598 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-output-for-principal-components-that-8iukj85c.png Table 5. Summary of output for principal components that varied significantly between contexts 609 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-outputs-for-individual-identity-pca-606-2sbsx0oy.png Table 4. Summary of outputs for individual identity PCA 606 PC1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-pdfa-details-and-outputs-604-18h7nw0k.png Table 3. Summary of pDFA details and outputs 604 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-acoustic-measures-extracted-and-used-in-jighhk93.png Table 2. List of acoustic measures extracted and used in analysis 601 Vocal https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-density-distributions-for-variables-that-had-a-o1bu6nzw.png Figure 2. Density distributions for variables that had a loading greater than 0.4 in the context PCA. 618 Light grey: spontaneous context; dark grey: elicited contexts. Dashed lines indicate the median value. 619 https://scispace.com/papers/woman-centred-care-an-integrative-review-of-the-empirical-87zkv6g9af 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-of-search-strategy-pubmed-1miejwss.png Table 1: Example of search strategy PubMed https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-synthesis-of-studies-by-themes-and-subthemes-ybzja1jj.png Table 3: Synthesis of studies by themes and subthemes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-characteristics-of-the-included-studies-dl9xj3f4.png Table 2: Summary of characteristics of the included studies examining woman-centred care https://scispace.com/papers/women-in-economics-a-uk-perspective-327kv1or71 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-female-representation-in-the-us-and-the-uk-across-mwsacodn.png Table 2: Female Representation in the US and the UK across academic subjects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-promotion-to-professor-1c30or3w.png Figure 2: Promotion to Professor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evolution-of-female-pay-relative-to-male-pay-before-3axpiq0n.png Figure 3: Evolution of female pay relative to male pay, before/ after Athena Swan accreditation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-trends-in-female-representation-in-economics-1867mdes.png Figure 1: Trends in female representation in Economics https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-3-round-2-of-matching-procedure-2gbn8cer.png Table B.3: Round 2 of Matching Procedure https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-gender-pay-gap-dependent-variable-ln-real-annual-1oc6h5rc.png Table 4: The gender pay gap Dependent variable = Ln(real annual salary) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-salaries-ps-2016-prices-1l1kxso5.png Table 3: Average salaries (£, 2016 prices) https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-2-round-1-of-matching-procedure-3fe6nxw2.png Table B.2: Round 1 of Matching Procedure https://scispace.com/papers/women-in-the-boardroom-and-their-impact-on-default-risk-a-4kvded3kox 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-completed-2-page-pitch-template-on-boardroom-gender-2of88bc9.png Table 1: Completed 2-page pitch template on boardroom gender diversity and default risk https://scispace.com/papers/women-in-public-policy-and-public-administration-4wdkq41opx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-female-public-administration-leaders-10lsq0sz.png Figure 2: Percentage of Female Public Administration Leaders https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-of-female-representation-in-public-3763uzyc.png Figure 1: Percentage of Female Representation in Public Administrations (2010 – 2015) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gender-representation-of-uk-civil-service-2017-grr1opmx.png Table 2: Gender Representation of UK Civil Service (2017) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gender-representation-in-uk-public-sector-2015-2ro6o210.png Table 1: Gender Representation in UK Public Sector (2015) https://scispace.com/papers/women-s-decision-making-about-birthplace-choices-booking-for-1cactsdw9z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representative-social-groups-sr-illustrating-2yg0v7uw.png Figure 1. Representative social groups (SR) illustrating narrative compilation of experiences dependent on where women booked to birth https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-aspects-of-self-emerging-from-individual-narratives-16k7zaik.png Table 2 Aspects of Self emerging from individual narratives: Louisa https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-aspects-of-self-emerging-from-individual-narratives-nyv5hfrb.png Table 1. Aspects of Self emerging from individual narratives: Julie https://scispace.com/papers/women-on-board-does-boardroom-gender-diversity-affect-firm-4fkclq70uf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-women-on-boards-and-bank-risk-368g2x23.png Table 10: Women on Boards and Bank Risk https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-instrumental-variable-regressions-with-firm-level-3c76ozbg.png Table 6: Instrumental Variable Regressions with Firm-Level Fixed Effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-alternative-instrumental-variable-x6n45yvb.png Table 7: Alternative Instrumental Variable https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-board-characteristics-by-year-1ydfcbo9.png Figure 1. Board characteristics by year. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-risk-measures-on-female-boardroom-representation-ols-32ddi2n1.png Table 5: Risk Measures on Female Boardroom Representation (OLS and Firm-Level Fixed Effects) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-35lz1ueb.png Table 1: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/papers/women-s-hiv-knowledge-and-condom-use-across-diverse-credyyi8lu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-18-4-logistic-regression-results-adjusted-odds-ratios-248v6koo.png Table 18.4. Logistic regression results (adjusted odds ratios) for condom use at last sex among women aged 15–49, Dominican Republic and Haiti https://scispace.com/figures/table-18-1-weighted-descriptive-statistics-of-sexually-3lv5w3f5.png Table 18.1. Weighted descriptive statistics of sexually active women aged 15–49 (Dominican Republic 2013 Demographic and Health Survey) https://scispace.com/figures/table-18-3-logistic-regression-results-adjusted-odds-ratios-p96gz7ii.png Table 18.3. Logistic regression results (adjusted odds ratios) for HIV knowledge among women aged 15–49, Dominican Republic and Haiti https://scispace.com/figures/table-18-2-weighted-descriptive-statistics-of-sexually-2zjpswxs.png Table 18.2. Weighted descriptive statistics of sexually active women aged 15–49 (Haiti 2012 Demographic and Health Survey) https://scispace.com/papers/women-s-involvement-in-family-firms-progress-and-challenges-azav7bc45f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cumulative-number-of-articles-on-womens-involvement-in-6z4us7sd.png Fig. 1. Cumulative number of articles on women’s involvement in family firms (1985-2016). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-drivers-and-outcomes-of-the-four-types-of-womens-1e9zhv7g.png Table 3. Drivers and outcomes of the four types of women’s involvement in family firms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-framework-for-organizing-the-selected-research-on-guz6o5sa.png Fig. 2. The framework for organizing the selected research on women’s involvement in family firms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-classification-of-the-four-types-of-womens-hdm9myzf.png Fig. 3. A classification of the four types of women’s involvement in family firms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-theoretical-perspectives-explicitly-adopted-in-at-1gk5lcfn.png Table 2 Theoretical perspectives explicitly adopted in at least two papers on women’s involvement in family firms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-suggested-directions-for-future-research-on-womens-2fx1ryur.png Table 4. Suggested directions for future research on women’s involvement in family firms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-academic-journals-with-more-than-one-paper-on-womens-2lkvu4nq.png Table 1 Academic journals with more than one paper on women’s involvement in family firms. https://scispace.com/papers/women-s-representation-and-gender-quotas-the-case-of-the-33u5vid5z6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-deputies-in-political-clubs-including-3uyupzhk.png Table 2: Number of deputies in political clubs including women (in brackets) and the percentage of women https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-womens-representation-in-the-sejm-l4a09pgy.png Table 1: Women’s representation in the Sejm https://scispace.com/papers/women-s-time-and-the-use-of-health-services-3ckshgkobs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustrative-matrix-of-health-services-and-13jhu0qc.png Figure 1: Illustrative matrix of health services and practices by location, user, and type https://scispace.com/papers/women-writers-and-literary-religious-circles-in-the-23kx2j1oo7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-monument-to-sir-thomas-and-ursula-fulford-in-st-19liv80h.png Figure 3. The monument to Sir Thomas and Ursula Fulford in St. Mary’s Church, Dunsford, Devon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-detail-from-the-map-of-devon-from-john-speeds-the-ewmyvk1c.png Figure 2. Detail from the map of Devon, from John Speed’s The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine (London, 1611–12), fol. 19. STC (2nd ed.) 23041. Huntington Library. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-detail-from-the-map-of-east-hundred-cornwall-ca-1928xlp7.png Figure 1. Detail from the map of East Hundred, Cornwall (ca. 1604), from John Norden’s Speculum Britanniae. Trinity College Library, Cambridge, MS 0.4.19, fol. 179r. https://scispace.com/papers/wood-a-45th-anniversary-review-of-jms-papers-part-1-the-wood-1mc0hwe52w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6b-dynamic-elastic-modulus-versus-temperature-for-the-dymtplvj.png Figure 6b. Dynamic elastic modulus versus temperature for the radial and tangential directions. Error bars indicate 95% significance in a one-sample t-test [45]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6a-dmta-samples-for-tensile-testing-for-the-a-radial-1x4nj82m.png Figure 6b. Dynamic elastic modulus versus temperature for the radial and tangential directions. Error bars indicate 95% significance in a one-sample t-test [45]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8a-orientation-of-mode-ii-fracture-specimens-58-sgjfhtuv.png Figure 8a. Orientation of Mode II fracture specimens [58]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-structural-analogue-of-strand-orientation-models-50-29rj4ure.png Figure 7. Structural analogue of strand orientation models [50] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-design-of-wood-cell-wall-of-a-softwood-1xp79y1r.png Figure 1(a) Schematic design of wood cell wall of a softwood fibre (b) ultrastructural organisation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin [3] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-testing-device-b-schematic-of-the-bending-test-for-1vgqubb0.png Fig. 2 (a) Testing device (b) schematic of the bending test for cantilever section of the wood cell wall [16] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4a-raman-spectrum-of-pinus-radiata-wood-43-1zt66cel.png Figure 4a. Raman spectrum of Pinus radiata wood [43]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-diagrams-of-free-free-flexural-vibration-3cunk0ka.png Figure 3. Schematic diagrams of free-free flexural vibration apparatus and the torsional vibration apparatus. (a) wood specimen, (b) iron piece, (c) silk thread supporting the specimen, (d) magnetic driver, (e) microphone, (f) iron weight, (g) clamp, (h) detector, (i) amplifier, (j) generator, (k) band-pass filter (l) FFT analyzer (m) lock in amplifier [42]. https://scispace.com/papers/wool-growing-and-the-tariff-a-study-in-the-economic-history-21253eel7p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-vkimeo0b.png TABLE IV https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-1nuer7zh.png TABLE VIII https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-1mmn7ims.png TABLE II https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-3bnbykqa.png TABLE X https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-3dj3w2ph.png TABLE VI https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-10s68p04.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/papers/wood-using-industries-and-national-forests-of-arkansas-4q04n3sd4n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-50md02lz.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-mr6dddcv.png Table 10. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-26w4w9cn.png Table 11. https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-162slm1t.png Table 13. https://scispace.com/papers/word-length-statistics-for-teichmuller-geodesics-and-41peznr3ld 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-intermediate-times-24mmqzyb.png Figure 5. Intermediate times. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-excursion-in-the-horoball-h-2a4uhan1.png Figure 2. Excursion in the horoball H. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-our-definition-of-gt-the-point-gt-lies-on-the-10l4rzwp.png Figure 1. Our definition of gt. The point γt lies on the geodesic γ, and gtX0 is a closest orbit point to γt. In the case of genus 1, this corresponds to taking gt to be the element in the orbit of X0 which lies in the same tile as γt of the Farey tessellation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimating-intersections-in-the-flat-annulus-1bt1em47.png Figure 3. Estimating intersections in the flat annulus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sample-path-locations-and-basepoint-orbits-close-to-3o59ipfh.png Figure 4. Sample path locations and basepoint orbits close to the geodesic. https://scispace.com/papers/word-level-emphasis-modelling-in-hmm-based-speech-synthesis-2k6wgxpe1c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-combination-of-phone-position-and-emphasis-decision-2eryniyx.png Fig. 2. Combination of Phone/Position and Emphasis Decision Trees https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-partial-state-clustering-decision-tree-resulting-from-kylk2179.png Fig. 1. Partial state clustering decision tree resulting from the twopass extension (log F0). The nodes of the tree produced during the first pass are in bold (C/L/R = current/left/right segment). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-subjective-comparison-between-2-pass-and-factorized-2f4t62mv.png Fig. 4. Subjective comparison between 2-pass and factorized decision tree approaches https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-emphasis-synthesis-results-for-different-systems-1i6i7noq.png Fig. 3. Emphasis synthesis results for different systems. https://scispace.com/papers/word-recognition-materials-for-native-speakers-of-taiwan-9du24txqkj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-performance-of-taiwan-mandarin-female-2yx39c9d.png Table 2. Mean performance of Taiwan Mandarin female bisyllabic lists and half-lists. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-performance-of-taiwan-mandarin-male-bisyllabic-361lfed6.png Table 1. Mean performance of Taiwan Mandarin male bisyllabic lists and half-lists. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-psychometric-functions-for-male-and-female-3d4tfl5k.png Figure 2. Mean psychometric functions for male and female Taiwan Mandarin talker bisyllabic lists before and after intensity adjustment. https://scispace.com/papers/words-and-deeds-in-managing-expectations-empirical-evidence-9fuoddft45 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimation-results-for-inflation-expectations-bn-14k4h3sp.png Table 4: Estimation results for inflation expectations – BN tone https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-monetary-policy-shock-measure-1xhh2goh.png Figure A.1: Monetary policy shock measure https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-predictability-of-the-monetary-policy-shock-1cbqbsnq.png Table A.3: Predictability of the monetary policy shock https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimation-results-for-interest-rate-expectations-1hbk8x8p.png Table 6: Estimation results for interest rate expectations – alternative monetary policy shock measure, BN tone https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-estimation-results-for-inflation-expectations-1f2vx0um.png Table 7: Estimation results for inflation expectations – alternative monetary policy shock measure, ABG tone https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-results-for-interest-rate-expectations-bn-37exjc5o.png Table 2: Estimation results for interest rate expectations – BN tone https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-2-tone-shocks-of-mpc-minutes-3rnn52dk.png Figure A.2: Tone shocks of MPC Minutes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimation-results-for-interest-rate-expectations-2z5iolg5.png Table 1: Estimation results for interest rate expectations – ABG tone https://scispace.com/papers/work-and-learner-identity-developing-an-analytical-framework-2mwur0lw4t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-values-and-differences-in-competence-dimensions-2cvjxqvb.png Table 4. Mean values and differences in competence dimensions divided on place of study https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multiple-regression-model-on-traditional-training-1ct0cbc6.png Table 4. Mean values and differences in competence dimensions divided on place of study https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-multiple-regression-model-on-transfer-in-training-3n7288av.png Table 5. Multiple regression model on transfer in training for innovation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-factors-influencing-the-choice-of-future-work-uvbkgndu.png Table 4. Mean values and differences in competence dimensions divided on place of study https://scispace.com/papers/work-ability-impairment-and-facets-of-workplace-perception-3gy96ob1wl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristics-of-persons-with-shorter-and-longer-1vkewsz5.png Table 3. Characteristics of persons with shorter and longer sick leave duration six months after rehabilitation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bivariate-spearman-correlations-between-all-study-1r8vk7hf.png Table 2. Bivariate Spearman correlations between all study variables 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1.Gender 2.Age .020 3.Sick leave 12 months .143 - https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-study-design-and-measures-86sajnlr.png Table 1. Study design and measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-linear-regression-analysis-of-sick-leave-predictors-11zl5w18.png Table 4. Linear regression analysis of sick leave predictors with sick leave duration (in weeks) six months after rehabilitation as dependent variable Variables Sick leave duration six months https://scispace.com/papers/work-and-well-being-of-informal-caregivers-in-europe-254qxyjluu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-effect-of-informal-caregiving-on-health-fe-fe-iv-ckit1hlp.png Table 6: The effect of informal caregiving on health FE FE-IV https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-fe-results-cognitive-ability-i-verbal-fluency-short-1q5r2kw1.png Table 12: FE results: Cognitive ability (I) Verbal fluency Short-term word recall https://scispace.com/figures/table-23-fe-iv-results-for-mental-health-using-single-parent-3k9kbkhx.png Table 23: FE-IV results for mental health using “single parent” as alternative instrument All countries Formal care countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-fe-results-cognitive-ability-ii-long-term-word-1b9o9ybi.png Table 13: FE results: Cognitive ability (II) Long-term word recall Numeracy https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-effect-of-informal-caregiving-on-labour-force-2s8rrclk.png Table 4: The effect of informal caregiving on labour force participation FE FE-IV https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-official-retirement-age-for-women-in-share-countries-ffyarlho.png Table 8: Official retirement age for women in SHARE countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-changes-in-caregiving-behaviour-over-time-number-of-36jj8x4a.png Table 9: Changes in caregiving behaviour over time Number of individuals https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-parental-health-and-distance-to-the-parent-distance-366gfrj6.png Table 7: Parental health and distance to the parent Distance to the parent https://scispace.com/papers/work-hours-wages-and-vacation-leave-2nztmyod7p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-effects-of-tenure-and-experience-on-vt-and-vp-2p68mcto.png Table 6: The Effects of Tenure and Experience on VT and VP, OLS and IV estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2vgv3wol.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-19neq9x1.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-2g2yaw21.png Table 10 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3ttbp6h2.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ez0gtgmx.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-link-across-jobs-in-vacation-weeks-taken-hours-20ne3n09.png Table 8 The Link Across Jobs in Vacation Weeks Taken, Hours Worked Per Week and Hourly Rate of Pay https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-effect-of-weeks-of-paid-vacation-on-the-log-of-5reihho0.png Table 4 The Effect of Weeks of Paid Vacation on the Log of the Hourly Wage https://scispace.com/papers/work-performance-and-mental-workload-in-multiple-talker-2qtf8rqgb3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-raw-task-load-index-for-each-sound-condition-16iqtp2a.png FIGURE 4. Mean Raw Task Load Index for each sound condition, with 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-decrease-in-performance-for-each-sound-johlkkw4.png FIGURE 3. Mean decrease in performance for each sound condition, with 95% confidence intervals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-raw-task-load-index-for-each-sti-value-with-95-erualzd8.png FIGURE 2. Mean Raw Task Load Index for each STI value, with 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-decrease-in-performance-for-each-sti-value-a-2u6qs0ol.png FIGURE 1. Mean decrease in performance for each STI value (a) for the entire panel of participants, (b) for each of the two sensitivity groups, with 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/papers/work-minimizing-kinematics-for-small-displacement-of-an-jy9wsoxvty 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-sequence-of-two-dimensional-boundary-pvtergl6.png Figure 1. Examples of sequence of two-dimensional boundary shapes considered in §3. Legend shows the value of γ for these examples. In all these panels ς(ξ) is chosen such that ∂s/∂ξ ≈ constant. (a) Rigid translation along a curved path of a circle corresponding to q∞(ξ) = cos ξ, 0 6 ξ < 2π and λ(γ) = π. (b) A circle deforming according to q∞(ξ) = cos 2ξ, 0 6 ξ < 2π and λ(γ) = π. (c) A circle deforming according to q∞(ξ) = e cos ξ−C/(2π), 0 6 ξ < 2π and λ(γ) = π, where C is chosen such that q∞ has zero mean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-characteristics-of-the-optimal-kinematics-a-the-2at0w08h.png Figure 2. Characteristics of the optimal kinematics. (a) The dimensionless power expended to execute the kinematics. The power is positive until τ = τ∗ ≈ 0.898825, and becomes negative for τ∗ < τ 6 1. The area under the positive part of the curve is W+, while that under the negative part is W−. (b) Profiles of V (η, τ) for the optimal f(τ). https://scispace.com/papers/workability-shear-strength-and-build-of-wet-process-sprayed-j0wtdalhb3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shear-vane-vs-slump-31t95o69.png Figure 2. Shear vane Vs slump https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proportions-of-designed-mixes-by-weight-n7xwzu5m.png Table 1 Proportions of designed mixes (by weight). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-composition-of-pre-packaged-mortars-3j942ng0.png Table 2 Composition of pre-packaged mortars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-build-value-vs-vane-shear-strength-1ilwieqc.png Figure 7. Build value Vs vane shear strength https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-build-value-a-slump-b-g-two-point-test-1ex0ullw.png Figure 6. Build value. (a) Slump. (b) g Two-point test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-two-point-test-a-pre-packaged-mortars-b-designed-2q1d5u0n.png Figure 5. Two-point test. (a) Pre-packaged mortars. (b) Designed mixes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-flow-curve-for-mortars-a-stress-strain-b-3ihu4c22.png Figure 1. Typical flow curve for mortars. (a) Stress-strain. (b) Torque-speed. https://scispace.com/papers/work-systems-quality-of-working-life-and-attitudes-of-44a4wq2atz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-246tl4ld.png Table 12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-main-work-systems-15kmsw1z.png Figure 1: Main work systems https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-significant-differences-between-the-effects-of-four-3qr0teju.png Table 2: Significant differences between the effects of four types of work organisation on outcome variables, after adjustments for effects other independent variables (LSD test). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-unianova-analyses-2epe391a.png Table 1: Results of UNIANOVA analyses. https://scispace.com/papers/work-that-body-fin-and-body-movements-determine-herbivore-1fqf477e60 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-body-speed-determines-the-pull-force-exerted-on-the-30gfued6.png Figure 5. Body speed determines the pull force exerted on the substrate, and that force determines feeding success. (a) Fish body speed post mouth-closure was significantly correlated ( p < 0.004) with the pulling force exerted on the substrate (linear mixed effect model, p < 0.05, marginal R2 = 0.17). Depicted are the partial effects from the mixed-effect model. (b) The log of the total pulling force exerted on the plate was significantly correlated with the log of the total weight of algae removed during a feeding bout ( permutation based linear model, p < 0.015, R2 = 0.16). (c) The size of fish gape during contact with the algae did not have a significant effect on the pulling force exerted on the substrate. (d ) A feeding plate, covered by natural algae, before and after a feeding bout. (Online version in colour.) https://scispace.com/papers/worker-absence-and-shirking-evidence-from-matched-teacher-1wf6mdn9yv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-average-teachers-absent-per-school-2bfpad3b.png Figure 1: Distribution of Average Teachers Absent per School, 2001-2002. Source: Minimum Obligatory Human Resource Information (MOHRI) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-determinants-of-absenteeism-amongst-primary-vfug5eup.png Table 3: The Determinants of Absenteeism Amongst Primary School Teachers (Dependant Variable is Days Absent per Quarter) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-queensland-teachers-17t77fvx.png Table 2: Summary Statistics, Queensland Teachers https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-determinants-of-absenteeism-amongst-secondary-zmxjjib5.png Table 4: The Determinants of Absenteeism Amongst Secondary School Teachers (Dependant Variable is Days Absent per Quarter) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimates-of-group-interaction-e-ects-dependent-18cdmx9b.png Table 5: Estimates of Group Interaction E¤ects (Dependent Variable is Days Absent per Quarter) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-teacher-absence-rates-australia-and-the-uk-y70ja690.png Table 1: Teacher Absence Rates, Australia and the UK https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-individual-teacher-absenteeism-2001-1p8bqxmo.png Figure 2: Distribution of Individual Teacher Absenteeism, 2001-2002. (Source MOHRI). https://scispace.com/papers/worker-selection-hiring-and-vacancies-6cojs2ry93 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calibrated-parameters-of-the-worker-selection-model-38xq6v92.png Table 1: Calibrated Parameters of the Worker Selection Model with Quadratic and Quartic Selection Cost Functions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-across-models-hires-to-vacancy-ratio-and-zphy3kr4.png Figure 3: Comparison Across Models: Hires-to-Vacancy Ratio and Employment Growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-monthly-worker-turnover-and-hires-to-vacancy-ratio-20d6hp75.png Table 2: Monthly Worker Turnover and Hires-to-Vacancy Ratio https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-log-firm-size-and-hires-to-vacancy-ratio-3sh7ud41.png Figure 2: Log Firm Size and Hires-to-Vacancy Ratio https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-monthly-employment-growth-rates-and-hires-to-b55rvnkl.png Figure 1: Monthly Employment Growth Rates and Hires-to-Vacancy Ratio Note: The data from the worker selection model, denoted by WS, are generated from the stationary distribution of the model for different values of z. Source: JOLTS data is taken from DFH. https://scispace.com/papers/workforce-planning-in-the-printing-industry-5cmtwylgj5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-aggregated-results-fyz3t6kw.png Table 13: Aggregated results https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-qualification-profiles-and-wages-ynroauc5.png Table 3: Qualification profiles and wages https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-columns-generated-mn0mfbb2.png Table 7: Columns generated https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-cost-centers-of-empirical-data-1ayts981.png Table 11: Cost centers of empirical data https://scispace.com/papers/working-fluid-replacement-in-supersonic-organic-rankine-4vyes3zu1a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-contours-of-absolute-mach-number-predicted-by-cfd-for-u5988m3c.png Fig. 3. Contours of absolute Mach number predicted by CFD for the R245fa supersonic stator vane https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-stator-mesh-consisting-of-1-4x105-elements-2qxw4b30.png Fig. 2. Stator mesh consisting of 1.4×105 elements https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-power-produced-from-the-r245fa-turbine-when-the-31metsoj.png Fig. 12. Power produced from the R245fa turbine when the design point is scaled to alternative working fluids https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-relationship-between-the-normalised-power-produced-34o805pa.png Fig. 13. Relationship between the normalised power produced from the R245fa turbine when operating with different working fluids and the turbine inlet pressure P01. The results are split into two groups: (i) Tc = 323 K, and (ii) saturation temperature at 100 kPa (i.e., Tc > 323 K). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-contours-of-absolute-mach-number-predicted-by-cfd-for-27mk522a.png Fig. 4. Contours of absolute Mach number predicted by CFD for the Toluene supersonic stator vane https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cfd-results-for-the-r245fa-and-toluene-supersonic-12gclarx.png Fig. 5. CFD results for the R245fa and Toluene supersonic stators: stator centreline Mach number (top); local loss coefficient at rotor inlet radius (r4 = 40 mm) (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-the-design-point-rotor-inlet-velocity-w504qp1m.png Fig. 6. Comparison of the design point rotor inlet velocity triangles with the area-averaged rotor inlet velocity triangles obtained from the CFD simulations for the R245fa (top) and Toluene (bottom) stators https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-turbine-power-top-and-orc-condensation-temperatures-241nksur.png Fig. 11. Turbine power (top) and ORC condensation temperatures (bottom) for the R245fa and Toluene turbines when operating with alternative working fluids at different turbine inlet temperatures https://scispace.com/papers/working-memory-load-improves-early-stages-of-independent-3yizeuoz23 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-design-vswm-stimuli-consisted-of-black-1yp3ybpi.png Fig. 1. Experimental design. VSWM stimuli consisted of black disks (6 for imposing high VSWM loads and 3 for inducing low VSWM loads) presented on a grey background. Subjects were asked to encode the location of each disk. VSWM stimuli were presented for 1500ms and subjects had to maintain online the disk location for 4500ms before r d in a c high i n) or ( ) were https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-source-estimation-160-190-ms-2wlkdvar.png Table 1 Source estimation (160-190 ms). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-differences-in-the-functional-network-maps-over-the-2pfj7pe2.png Fig. 5. Differences in the functional network maps over the 160–190ms post stimulus onset period between: (A) regions found to be differentially engaged between conditions when analyzed using ANOVA; (B) t-test contrast between neural sources active under highVSWM load vs. baseline condition. Right inferior and dorsal frontal regions aswell as anterior temporal regionswere significantlymore activated under https://scispace.com/papers/working-on-the-weekend-do-analysts-strategically-time-the-3b707npte0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-logistic-regression-of-the-decision-of-analysts-to-3p5lb669.png Table 6 Logistic regression of the decision of analysts to announce recommendations on the weekend. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-logistic-regression-of-the-decision-of-analysts-to-3vyqwua8.png Table 7 Logistic regression of the decision of analysts to announce recommendations on the weekend – omitting significantly negative ABRET_FRI observations (bottom quartile). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-uy6gfp5t.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-investor-and-business-press-inattention-2lw6ef4b.png Table 2 Investor and business press inattention. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-strategic-timing-financial-analyst-stock-2kfpcc9t.png Table 4 Strategic timing - financial analyst stock recommendation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-logistic-regression-of-the-decision-of-analysts-to-qu8l5zt9.png Table 5 Logistic regression of the decision of analysts to announce recommendations on the weekend. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-market-reaction-to-stock-recommendations-on-weekdays-1s5nukyc.png Table 3 Market reaction to stock recommendations on weekdays versus weekends. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-logistic-regression-of-the-decision-of-analysts-to-2iu2w293.png Table 8 Logistic Regression of the decision of analysts to announce recommendations on theweekend omitting significantly negative ABRET_FRI observations (bottomquartile). https://scispace.com/papers/working-retirees-in-europe-individual-and-societal-1gcs3e5fav 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-support-for-the-norm-to-work-after-retirement-and-2tgh1svb.png Figure 5. Support for the norm to work after retirement and the average number of hours that bridge employees worked per week. Source: SHARE, wave 4, 2011. Note: for country IDs, check the online Appendix, Table A1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bridge-employment-across-16-european-countries-by-yz4eigl1.png Figure 1. Bridge employment across 16 European countries by gender. Source: SHARE, wave 4, 2011. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-expenditure-on-pensions-and-normative-support-for-n9177bf8.png Figure 2. Expenditure on pensions and normative support for working after retirement for 16 European countries. Source: SHARE, wave 4, 2011. Note: for country IDs, check the online Appendix, Table A1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-support-for-the-norm-to-work-after-retirement-and-1iflrq5h.png Figure 4. Support for the norm to work after retirement and participation in bridge jobs by country. Source: SHARE, wave 4, 2011. Note: for country IDs, check the online Appendix, Table A1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-expenditure-on-pensions-and-participation-in-bridge-296sl614.png Figure 3. Expenditure on pensions and participation in bridge jobs by country. Source: SHARE, wave 4, 2011. Note: for country IDs, check the online Appendix, Table A1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-the-individual-level-53nll256.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics of the individual-level indicators. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multilevel-logit-model-to-predict-bridge-employment-qemum5e5.png Table 2. Multilevel logit model to predict bridge employment: individual-level and societal-level factors. https://scispace.com/papers/working-together-new-directions-in-global-labour-history-n77jdzcvq5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-taxonomy-of-global-labour-relations-1g7cpo8n.png Figure 1. Taxonomy of global labour relations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-connection-between-labour-relations-collective-2eveb13j.png Figure 3. The connection between labour relations, collective and individual action, and inequalities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-social-positions-of-wage-earners-on-the-basis-of-235hajdx.png Figure 2. Social positions of wage earners on the basis of income (and status) and bargaining power. https://scispace.com/papers/working-on-the-weekend-do-analysts-strategically-time-the-4alu56dtpc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-2e94l4xi.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-logistic-regression-of-the-decision-of-analysts-to-1yhaxq10.png Table 6 Logistic regression of the decision of analysts to announce recommendations on the weekend. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-logistic-regression-of-the-decision-of-analysts-to-2hpdzxje.png Table 7 Logistic regression of the decision of analysts to announce recommendations on the weekend – omitting significantly negative ABRET_FRI observations (bottom quartile). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-strategic-timing-financial-analyst-stock-29p09olt.png Table 4 Strategic timing - financial analyst stock recommendation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-investor-and-business-press-inattention-3tamyyhm.png Table 2 Investor and business press inattention. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-logistic-regression-of-the-decision-of-analysts-to-2qnm8x2v.png Table 5 Logistic regression of the decision of analysts to announce recommendations on the weekend. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-market-reaction-to-stock-recommendations-on-weekdays-2yhf7cop.png Table 3 Market reaction to stock recommendations on weekdays versus weekends. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-logistic-regression-of-the-decision-of-analysts-to-276rpnqu.png Table 8 Logistic Regression of the decision of analysts to announce recommendations on theweekend omitting significantly negative ABRET_FRI observations (bottomquartile). https://scispace.com/papers/workplace-flexibility-across-the-lifespan-t9hwxrhuc9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-studies-on-employee-perspectives-on-29oc2bm0.png Table 1: Overview of Studies on Employee Perspectives on Flexibility HRM https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-studies-on-employer-perspectives-on-222a6ses.png Table 2: Overview of Studies on Employer Perspectives on Flexibility HRM https://scispace.com/papers/workload-during-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation-1ed0dzevzf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-minimal-requirements-for-people-at-risk-to-perform-36ncxird.png Table 2 Minimal requirements for people at risk to perform resuscitation without posing themselves at risk (top) and minimal requirements for a healthy population to perform resuscitation for different levels of safety (below, for details see text) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pulse-rates-in-part-2-rest-baseline-pulse-rate-at-rest-91zb9iiq.png Fig. 2 Pulse rates in part 2. Rest: baseline (pulse rate at rest); CC: ‘‘classic’’ method, cardiac massage only (situation i.); CCB: ‘‘classic’’ method, cardiac massage, and artificial breathing (situation ii.); NC new (actual) method, cardiac massage only (situation iii.), NCB new (actual) method, cardiac massage, and artificial breathing (situation iv.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-spiroergometry-and-lactate-kinetics-of-2223q905.png Table 1 Results of spiroergometry and lactate kinetics of the participants (study 1) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-training-status-of-the-participants-expressed-as-2z0jahn5.png Fig. 1 Training status of the participants, expressed as maximum work capacity (Wmax) in Watts and pulse work capacity (PWC, the work per kg body weight at the given pulse rate of 100, 130, 150, or 170/min) in Watts per kg body weight (study part 1). Normal values for the general population (adults) of Central Europe are the following: PWC130: 1.5/1.25 (males/females), PWC150: 2.0/1.6, PWC170: 2.5/2.0 (Hollmann and Hettinger 2000). Boxplot symbols: mean (small square), first and third quartiles (rectangle), median (horizontal line in rectangle), and extreme vales https://scispace.com/papers/working-zone-encoding-for-reducing-the-energy-in-15blgcxz9l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-encoder-and-b-decoder-algorithms-33w47mya.png Fig. 2. (a) Encoder and (b) decoder algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-address-space-with-three-vectors-1zyprq4m.png Fig. 1. Address space with three vectors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-results-summary-two-ratios-of-the-wze-with-respect-14lm0js7.png TABLE II RESULTS SUMMARY : TWO RATIOS OF THE WZE WITH RESPECT TO THEBEST OTHER ENCODING ARE SHOWN. IN PARENTHESIS RATIO WITH NO OVERHEAD, WITHOUT PARENTHESIS INCLUDES OVERHEAD FOR WZE BUT NOT FOR THE OTHER ENCODING. THE OVERHEAD IS THE EQUIVALENT NUMBER OF I/O TRANSITIONS PER REFERENCEDUE TO THE ENCODER AND DECODER HARDWARE https://scispace.com/papers/workload-well-being-and-career-satisfaction-among-french-5emimjjqam 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-personal-and-practice-characteristics-of-internal-1otpmspk.png Table 1. Personal and practice characteristics of internal medicine physicians in France. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-burnout-in-internal-medicine-physicians-in-france-3r7lp1gk.png Table 4. Burnout in internal medicine physicians in France. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-well-being-and-career-satisfaction-among-internal-12ju4vdj.png Table 3. Well-being and career satisfaction among internal medicine physicians in France. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-medical-workload-of-internal-medicine-physicians-in-35sr91ql.png Table 2. Medical workload of internal medicine physicians in France. https://scispace.com/papers/workplace-flexibility-practices-in-smes-relationship-with-44vvwdnt3f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-near-here-34kp5m6e.png TABLE 1 NEAR HERE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-near-here-99asjpd5.png FIGURE 1 NEAR HERE https://scispace.com/papers/world-equity-premium-based-risk-aversion-estimates-3h3ckmxozh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pooled-results-notes-the-world-coefficient-of-oyc9i6qy.png Table 2: Pooled results Notes: The world coefficient of relative risk aversion is denoted by γ̂w, the standard error for the confidence interval is the square root of equation (5) for the top panel and the square root of equation (6) for the middle and bottom panels. The critical value is taken from a t-distribution with k − 1 degrees of freedom. The top panel uses the optimal weights described by equation (4), the middle and bottom panels use economic weights based on, respectively, GDP and market capitalization at the end of 2003. In each panel, the top row holds the outcomes using all countries, the second row disregards Korea while the third row excludes Switzerland from the analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-country-specific-results-notes-the-estimate-of-the-1bxg61wx.png Table 1: Country-specific results Notes: The estimate of the coefficient of relative risk aversion is denoted by γ̂n, PS is the mean of the pseudovalues, defined in Section 3. The confidence interval is based on PS, with standard error equal to the square root of the variance estimated by equation (3) and critical value from a t-distribution with N − 1 degrees of freedom. Mnemonics are as follows: Australia (AU), Austria (OE), Belgium (BG), Canada (CN), Czech Republic (CZ), Denmark (DK), Finland (FN), France (FR), Germany (BD), Italy (IT), Japan (JP), Korea (KO), the Netherlands (NL), New Zealand (NZ), Norway (NW), Poland (PO), Spain (ES), Sweden (SD), Switzerland (SW), the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-replication-of-campbell-1998-notes-the-estimate-of-1pn4sqff.png Table 3: Replication of Campbell (1998) Notes: The estimate of the coefficient of relative risk aversion is denoted by γ̂n, PS is the mean of the pseudovalues, defined in Section 3. The confidence interval is based on PS, with standard error equal to the square root of the variance estimated by equation (3) and critical value from a t-distribution with N−1 degrees of freedom. The estimates in the third column, with the exception of the US, match those reported in Campbell (1998), the final three columns are our contribution. Mnemonics are as follows: Australia (AU), Canada (CN), France (FR), Germany (BD), Italy (IT), Japan (JP), the Netherlands (NL), Sweden (SD), Switzerland (SW), the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US). https://scispace.com/papers/world-workshop-on-oral-medicine-vi-patient-reported-outcome-zqh8q5jyyw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-reported-outcome-measure-proms-used-9x0ihapl.png Table 1. Patient-reported outcome measure (PROMs) used, frequency of use and associated mucosal disease https://scispace.com/papers/worldwide-impacts-of-humans-on-animal-genetic-diversity-9czyy17qwn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationship-between-coi-nucleotide-diversity-and-1k8weepw.png Figure 3. Relationship between COI nucleotide diversity and the mean spatial distance among 638 sequences in a population, the absolute latitude of the population centroid, and the mean human 639 population density, and land use intensity of HYDE 3.2 grid cells from which sequences 640 originate. Panels on the same row belong to the same taxon. Lines represent fitted values from 16 641 scale and taxon-specific GAMMs (4 scales × 4 classes). Line colour indicates spatial scale; for 642 each taxon, lines with the same colour belong to the same model. Line width indicates effect size 643 (F value of predictor) standardized within taxa; thicker lines are stronger effects. Line type 644 indicates statistical significance (solid line, p < 0.01; dashed line, p > 0.01). Predictor variables 645 were scaled from 0 to 1. Predictions for one variable were made while setting the value of all 646 other variables to their median value in the taxon and scale-specific dataset. Additional model 647 details are provided in Figs. S2-S5. 648 https://scispace.com/papers/worldwide-cross-ecosystem-carbon-subsidies-and-their-27xqeewcv3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-local-fluxes-versus-cross-ecosystem-26g7s5v0.png Figure 3 | Comparison of local fluxes versus cross-ecosystem subsidies. Local fluxes within (green), and cross-ecosystem subsidies to (pink), specific ecosystem types https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-well-documented-natural-meta-ecosystems-cross-1ve8l9tm.png Figure 4 | Well-documented natural meta-ecosystems. Cross-ecosystem subsidies suggest significant spatial couplings between (a) terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems and (b) pelagic and benthic areas in marine ecosystems. Round and horizontal arrows represent gross primary production (GPP) and cross-ecosystem subsidies, respectively. Numbers in italic are median values for GPP and sum of median values of cross- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-global-distribution-of-available-cross-ecosystem-1gx1iove.png Figure 1 | Global distribution of available cross-ecosystem subsidy data. Colours and shapes indicate the type of ecosystems coupled by cross-ecosystem subsidies: terrestrial https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-architecture-of-cross-ecosystem-carbon-subsidies-2bkt7sah.png Figure 2 | Architecture of cross-ecosystem carbon subsidies. Values are provided (a) by types of ecosystems connected by the subsidies, with vertical labels specifying https://scispace.com/papers/worry-and-problem-solving-skills-and-beliefs-in-primary-v5qo9njowt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-worry-anxiety-problem-solving-beliefs-and-skills-jatbp7ko.png Table 1 Worry, anxiety, problem-solving beliefs and skills https://scispace.com/papers/wormhole-wisely-predicting-multidimensional-branches-4b8c3f5kev 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-fragment-of-the-p7viterbi-function-b-isl-tage-4kb-1q75vpm6.png Figure 9: (a) Fragment of the P7Viterbi() function. (b) ISL-TAGE 4KB correct predictions of Branch 1. (c) WISL-TAGE 4KB correct predictions of Branch 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-programs-a-program-1-b-outcome-of-branch-1-119zlfs4.png Figure 1: Example programs. a) Program 1; b) Outcome of Branch 1 in Program 1; c) Program 2; d) Outcome of Branch 1 in Program 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-total-number-of-conditional-branches-number-of-e8c2jpla.png Table I: Total number of conditional branches, number of unique conditional branches, MPKI for ISL-TAGE 4KB, and 32KB, for the 40 traces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-mpki-comparison-using-gcc-4-0-and-gcc-4-6-3477xgnx.png Figure 12: MPKI comparison using GCC 4.0 and GCC 4.6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-storage-of-the-different-predictors-19yb7dxr.png Table III: Storage of the different predictors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-components-of-each-wormhole-predictor-entry-all-2mea3l4p.png Table II: Components of each wormhole predictor entry (all sizes in bits). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-mpki-for-isl-and-wisl-tage-with-alternative-2lw38vil.png Figure 11: MPKI for ISL- and WISL-TAGE with alternative dataset inputs for hmmer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-assembler-code-x86-generated-for-branch-1-a-using-3f1xpxrp.png Figure 10: Assembler code (x86) generated for Branch 1. (a) Using GCC 4.0. (b) Using GCC 4.6. https://scispace.com/papers/would-multilateral-trade-reform-benefit-sub-saharan-africans-5b33be33so 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-impact-of-full-liberalization-of-global-merchandise-125p5lxs.png Table 4: Impact of full liberalization of global merchandise trade on indexes of reala export and import prices https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regional-and-sectoral-source-of-gains-from-full-2983rf3v.png Table 5: Regional and sectoral source of gains from full liberalization of global merchandise trade by developing and high-income countries, 2015 https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-changes-in-poverty-those-earning-1-day-in-hg4wjj1f.png Table 15: Changes in poverty ( those earning <$1/day) in alternative Doha scenarios compared with full liberalization, 2015 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-impacts-of-full-global-merchandise-trade-exlk0339.png Table 9: Impacts of full global merchandise trade liberalization on real factor returns, 2015a https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-agriculture-and-foods-share-of-total-gdp-and-the-2voo3d58.png Table 8: Agriculture and food’s share of total GDP, and the share of its output that is exported, 2001 and 2015 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-agricultural-output-and-employment-growth-under-eqekirkz.png Table 7: Agricultural output and employment growth under different scenarios, 2004-2015 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-change-in-real-income-in-alternative-doha-scenarios-1tmi9kiq.png Table 12: Change in real income in alternative Doha scenarios compared with full liberalization, 2015 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-impacts-on-real-income-and-on-the-volume-and-terms-406c8v03.png Table 2: Impacts on real income and on the volume and terms of trade from full liberalization of global merchandise trade, 2015 https://scispace.com/papers/wow-it-s-at-the-university-experiences-of-people-with-mental-55dolyd189 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-interview-prompts-1z4ubv9u.png Table 1: Interview prompts https://scispace.com/papers/wound-rotor-induction-generator-bearing-fault-modelling-and-2ls65w0zu8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-eccentricity-variation-function-m9346rba.png Fig. 3 Eccentricity variation function https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-test-machine-winding-topology-3qpyyrtk.png Fig. 16 Test machine winding topology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-stator-phase-x-winding-rotor-phase-branch-u1-mutual-3kxdpei2.png Fig. 4 Stator phase X winding rotor phase branch U1 mutual inductance and its derivative https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-stator-phase-x-rotor-phase-u-mutual-inductance-and-its-2zlhtmuc.png Fig. 5 Stator phase X rotor phase U mutual inductance and its derivative https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-stator-current-frequency-spectra-for-differing-fault-ujwnd3yg.png Fig. 6 Stator current frequency spectra for differing fault severity, simulation results 1600 rpm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-air-gap-variation-199giwps.png Fig. 1 Air-gap variation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-machine-bearing-data-1i30p93b.png Table 1 Machine bearing data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-stator-current-frequency-spectrum-principal-fault-71hdr89c.png Fig. 7 Stator current frequency spectrum, principal fault component https://scispace.com/papers/wright-meets-markowitz-how-standard-portfolio-theory-changes-o3hr84e1ce 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-locations-of-the-optima-of-the-objective-function-for-2izhmtdb.png Fig. 4. Locations of the optima of the objective function for varying αB , corresponding to Fig. 3 . This is the λ = 0 . 25 section through Fig. 1 . Distinct local minima emerge and disappear as αB varies. At the critical value αB switch ≈ 0 . 71 the global optimum switches instantaneously between the two minima. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-surfaces-of-optimal-technology-a-production-share-1i4zk3nd.png Fig. 5. Surfaces of optimal technology A production share, analogous to Fig. 1 , but for varying risk aversion λ and technology B parameters σ B , c B 0 , z B 0 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-feasible-set-of-portfolios-for-two-technologies-in-1el8xcr7.png Fig. 9. The feasible set of portfolios for two technologies in a low-learning regime. This is the path of portfolios traced out as the proportion of technology A production in the portfolio varies from 0% (dark blue, q A = 0 ) to 100% (dark red, q A = K). The technologies here have αA = 0 . 5 , αB = 0 . 65 , and other parameters are those shown in Table 1 , except demand, which is set to K = 0 . 1 . This severely limits the potential for learning, so the problem is nearlyMarkowitz and hence the feasible set is almost parabolic. Isolines of f now slope downward and the efficient frontier is the lower-left-most portion of the feasible set. An isoline corresponding to risk aversion λ = 0 . 25 is plotted. The black dot at the point of tangency with the feasible set is the unique optimal portfolio for this λ (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-plots-showing-how-the-objective-function-varies-with-2w61q4wk.png Fig. 14. Plots showing how the objective function varies with the discount rate for each of three different technology scenarios, in low, moderate and high risk aversion regimes. The technologies are the same as in Fig. 13 . For low and moderate risk aversion there is a critical discount rate separating regimes in which different scenarios are preferred. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-objective-function-for-three-different-technology-3nu9ubzc.png Fig. 3. The objective function for three different technology B experience exponents (emphasized by writing αB as an argument of f here). Minima are shown in red, risk aversion is fixed at λ = 0 . 25 and all other parameters are as before. For smaller αB there is a single interior local minimum with production concentrated mainly in A . As αB increases a second local minimum appears, which then becomes the global minimum, and production switches to being mainly concentrated in B . This is what happens as the surface discontinuity in Fig. 1 is crossed — highly differentiated portfolios of approximately equal objective value exist simultaneously. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-markowitz-portfolio-analogue-of-the-technology-3ajhmv7x.png Fig. 2. The Markowitz portfolio analogue of the technology portfolio surface shown in Fig. 1 . This is the surface of optimal investment share in asset A for varying values of risk aversion and asset B expected return. Portfolios are more diversified for high risk aversion and more specialized for low risk aversion as before, and there still exist regions of full specialization, in which one technology sufficiently outperforms the other. However, in contrast to the case of technologies the surface is continuous ∀ λ> 0, due to the convexity of the objective function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-feasible-set-of-portfolios-for-the-markowitz-2evcj91f.png Fig. 8. The feasible set of portfolios for the Markowitz system Eq. (10) , with μA = 0 . 5 , μB = 0 . 65 , s A = 1 . 0 and s B = 1 . 1 . This is the path of portfolios traced out as the proportion of asset A in the portfolio varies from 0% (dark blue, q A = 0 ) to 100% (dark red, q A = 1 ). To demonstrate how risk aversion and optimality are related geometrically, an isoline of f for risk aversion λ = 0 . 25 is plotted. The black dot at the point of tangency with the feasible set is the unique optimal portfolio for this λ. The two other black dots represent the two full specialization portfolios (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-optimal-share-of-production-of-incumbent-technology-a-2wutokzi.png Fig. 12. Optimal share of production of incumbent technology A (red) when in competition with challenger technology B (blue), for varying demand K and risk aversion λ. Parameter values are shown in Table 2 . Technology A has such a strong initial cost advantage that when demand is low (and hence the potential for learning is low), it is optimal to specialize fully in A , for all values of risk aversion shown. As demand increases, so does the potential for learning, and in order exploit the faster-learning challenger the global optimum switches to a new local minimum, in which technology B dominates (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.). https://scispace.com/papers/writing-social-determinants-into-and-out-of-cancer-control-wtbeswoj7j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-final-sample-of-documents-3pute33g.png Table 2: Final sample of documents https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-observed-discourses-relating-group-membership-and-3bzyle3y.png Table 3: Observed discourses relating group membership and cancer risk https://scispace.com/papers/writing-with-style-venue-classification-4juvv9pcdp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-multi-class-venue-classification-forciteseerdata-x7olexmd.png TABLE IV MULTI -CLASS VENUE CLASSIFICATION FORCITESEERDATA SET. VALUE * IS SIGNIFICANTLY BETTER THAN THE BASELINE CLASSIFIER. VALUE † IS SIGNIFICANTLY BETTER THAN THE STYLOMETRIC(A) CLASSIFIER https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-multi-class-venue-classification-foracm-data-set-1vdmu9c5.png TABLE III MULTI -CLASS VENUE CLASSIFICATION FORACM DATA SET. VALUE* IS SIGNIFICANTLY BETTER THAN THE BASELINE CLASSIFIER https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-f1-score-fordifferentfeature-sets-and-techniques-ljrjyf6z.png TABLE VI F1 SCORE FORDIFFERENTFEATURE SETS AND TECHNIQUES https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-writing-styles-vs-topics-eqtm6fob.png TABLE X WRITING STYLES VS. TOPICS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-classifiers-accuracy-andf1-score-for-acm-dstalepr.png Fig. 1. Comparison of Classifiers: Accuracy andF1 Score for ACM data (above) and CiteSeer (below). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-content-vs-writing-style-citeseerdata-set-value-is-hagqncw6.png TABLE IX CONTENT VS. WRITING STYLE : CITESEERDATA SET. VALUE* IS SIGNIFICANTLY BETTER THAN STYLOMETRIC CLASSIFIER. VALUE† INDICATES THAT ’COMBINE’ CLASSIFIER IS SIGNIFICANTLY BETTER THAN ’CONTENT’ CLASSIFIER https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-content-vs-writing-style-acm-data-set-value-is-2lmt0mfz.png TABLE VIII CONTENT VS. WRITING STYLE : ACM DATA SET. VALUE* IS SIGNIFICANTLY BETTER THAN STYLOMETRIC CLASSIFIER https://scispace.com/papers/ws-gossip-middleware-for-scalable-service-coordination-4roz1l9qxv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dissemination-using-the-gossip-service-3ahx9xct.png Figure 1: Dissemination using the gossip service. https://scispace.com/papers/written-instructions-versus-physiotherapist-supervised-a8w3vdxhcu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-characteristics-5rog77sq.png Table 1. Patient characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-foot-and-ankle-outcome-score-faos-self-reported-y5t4we0n.png Table 2. Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), self-reported satisfaction and physical activity ability on visual analogue scale (VAS). https://scispace.com/papers/ws-pgrade-guse-in-european-projects-3wuifa1kah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-1-architecture-of-remote-api-based-sg-solution-in-e10smc1w.png Fig. 17.1 Architecture of remote API-based SG solution in agINFRA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-2-harvester-workflow-1151tb26.png Fig. 17.2 Harvester workflow https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-1-external-community-gateways-supported-by-the-sci-20eedokx.png Table 17.1 External community gateways supported by the SCI-BUS project https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-7-the-portlet-for-the-definition-of-an-experiment-110l6b5u.png Fig. 17.7 The portlet for the definition of an experiment involving the execution of WRF followed by a hydrological forecast. The small box near Genoa represents the Bisagno river basin that has to be included in all the nested domains for WRF simulation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-5-provenance-explorer-gui-the-workflows-provenance-3ieu16is.png Fig. 17.5 Provenance Explorer GUI: The workflow’s provenance information can be explored in a fully interactive fashion, allowing the visualization and the download of the data produced. It provides, moreover, a navigable graphical representation of the data derivation graph. From right to left, the dependencies from the wavePlot module to inputGen are made explicit and browsable https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-3-overview-of-the-web-application-allowing-scalable-2bzckq1r.png Fig. 17.3 Overview of the web application allowing scalable forward-modeling analysis. The image illustrates the user interactive flow with respect to the components and the data services involved in the process https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-4-the-earthquake-selection-and-visualization-36zcfq5v.png Fig. 17.4 The earthquake selection and visualization interface and the abstract graph for the simulation workflow. Input files consist of earthquake parameters, simulator configuration, station information and library of processing elements (PE). The two jobs take care respectively of, preprocessing solver execution and post-processing (Job0), data stage-out and cleanup (Job1) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-6-the-graph-of-a-workflow-for-the-execution-of-the-19xfv2l4.png Fig. 17.6 The graph of a workflow for the execution of the WRF-ARW weather forecast model, downloaded from the SHIWA repository https://scispace.com/papers/wsn-power-management-with-battery-capacity-estimation-2b5t1koocz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-estimation-of-the-remaining-energy-in-a-li-ion-battery-1scy5zpp.png Fig. 1: Estimation of the remaining energy in a Li-ion battery - 2-steps approach https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-estimated-remaining-battery-energy-in-sn-si-2ou79zqi.png Fig. 4: Estimated remaining battery energy in SN Si https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-functioning-modes-of-sensor-nodes-vs-time-xveekxbl.png Fig. 3: Functioning modes of sensor nodes vs. time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-soc-profiles-for-two-battery-types-39wncnss.png Fig. 2: SoC profiles for two battery types https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-power-consumption-bij-of-node-si-in-mode-mj-vi3zx4kd.png TABLE I: Power consumption bij of node Si in mode Mj https://scispace.com/papers/wsi2-si-multilayer-sectioning-by-reactive-ion-etching-for-2dkp5njglf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sem-cross-section-micrographs-of-etched-multilayers-18grp6he.png Figure 1. SEM cross-section micrographs of etched multilayers using a CF4/O2 chemistry. An RF power of 100W was used for 30 minutes at a sample temperature of 20oC. The sidewall profile is smooth but the bottom of the trenches is very rough. https://scispace.com/papers/wspab-a-tool-for-automatic-classification-selection-of-web-47wcnjw94g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-obtained-service-sets-qbmcroxk.png Table 1. Summary of obtained service sets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-list-of-pertinent-web-services-kbl9lssf.png Figure 5. List of pertinent web services https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-soa-primary-roles-and-operations-1py0fq8v.png Figure 1. SOA primary roles and operations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-signature-sorting-step-2jdh7jtq.png Figure 6. The signature sorting step https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-binary-relation-services-x-signatures-1ayqlrwy.png Table 2. Binary Relation: Services × Signatures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-galicia-constructed-service-lattice-2hnq17xq.png Figure 7. Galicia constructed service lattice https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-formal-concept-lattice-l-1cqr8s27.png Figure 3. Formal concept lattice L. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-binary-relation-of-k-o-a-r-where-o-123456-and-a-a-b-a9zfglax.png Figure 2. Binary relation of K = (O, A, R) where O = {1,2,3,4,5,6} and A = {a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h}. https://scispace.com/papers/wuvs-simulator-detectability-of-spectral-lines-with-the-wso-31ab2cjjc4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3d-fractions-of-a-dg-tau-echelle-simulated-image-21mbf6fs.png Figure 4. 3D fractions of a DG Tau echelle simulated image for the spectral orders corresponding to Lyman-α (LyA, panel A), O I (panel B), C II (panel C) and C I (panel D). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-normalized-flux-as-a-function-of-wavelength-for-32v1yc9s.png Figure 5. Normalized flux as a function of wavelength for four spectral lines (Lyman-α, C I, C II and O I) of DG Tau as obtained from STIS (in blue color) and from the echelle simulated image (in red color). The STIS spectra have been shifted upwards for comparison purposes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-the-input-parameters-applied-to-the-wuvs-27e40gfi.png Table 1. Values of the input parameters applied to the WUVS simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-input-image-to-wuvs-sim-vuves-dispersal-of-the-3ptys8gq.png Figure 1. (Left) Input image to WUVS–Sim: VUVES dispersal of the radiation from a lamp with a flat energy distribution. The echelle pattern is visible as the horizontal stripes for each spectral order. (Right) 3D enlarged image of a small piece of 10th and 11th orders. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3d-enlarged-echelle-image-of-a-small-piece-of-dg-2pw3satg.png Figure 3. 3D enlarged echelle image of a small piece of DG Tau of 10th and 11th orders at pixel level: Panel A: DG Tau echelle input image. Panel B: DG Tau echelle simulated image as output of the WUVS–Sim. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3d-enlarged-flat-image-of-a-small-piece-of-10th-and-28bjfhyn.png Figure 2. 3D enlarged flat image of a small piece of 10th and 11th orders. Panel A: Flat input image. Panel B: Flat simulated image as output of the WUVS–Sim. https://scispace.com/papers/x-ray-and-rotational-luminosity-correlation-and-magnetic-3f90e0kwxw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-same-as-figure-5-but-for-the-joint-sample-of-sd-hjtn8pz2.png Figure 6. The same as Figure 5 but for the joint sample of Sd and Ad. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-lx-lrot-plot-for-our-sample-in-table-2-the-1li7zjcl.png Figure 2. The Lx − Lrot plot for our sample in Table 2. The upper limit values are indicated by the arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-kh2-map-for-sample-sabd-the-horizontal-axis-is-38h1w1jl.png Figure 4. The χ2 map for Sample SABd. The horizontal axis is the slope c1 and the vertical axis is the normalization c2. The contours are drawn for the 1-σ (68.3%), 90%, and 99% confidence levels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-lx-lrot-plot-for-sample-sd-the-solid-line-lz5meiri.png Figure 5. The Lx −Lrot plot for Sample Sd. The solid line indicates the best fit relation, while the dotted line does the apparent regression line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-correlation-between-the-pulsar-and-pulsar-wind-2qa8jdss.png Figure 10. Correlation between the pulsar and pulsar wind nebula efficiency. The date of Kargaltsev & Pavlov(2008) are indicated by the filled squares. The high ξ pulsars of the thermally bright type (the open circles) and the soft gammaray type (the crosses) are also plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-lx-lrot-plot-for-our-sample-and-related-objects-229kbkk8.png Figure 1. The Lx − Lrot plot for our sample and related objects. The open squares and the filled circles are, respectively, for Sample SAB (ordinary radio pulsars) and Sample HB (high-magnetic field pulsars) defined in section 2. The data for other neutron stars, the magnetars (Olausen & Kaspi 2014), CCO (Halpern & Gotthelf 2010), and XINS (Viganò et al. 2013) are superposed. The large open circle indicates RRAT. The dashed line is the best fit model relation obtained in section 4 while the solid line is the earlier suggestion Lx = 10 −3Lrot (Becker & Truemper, 1997). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-scatter-plot-x-a-for-sample-sab-with-the-best-1mpc5nek.png Figure 9. The scatter plot (ξ, a) for Sample SAB with the best fit model. The data of finite detection are indicated by the filled squares, while the upper limit data are indicated by the open square. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lx-lrot-data-for-all-the-samples-2fys5qlt.png Table 2. Lx − Lrot data for all the samples https://scispace.com/papers/x-ray-absorption-near-edge-structure-xanes-spectroscopy-p56cd262d8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-33-s-l-edge-spectra-showing-the-strong-ls-doublet-at-2elvewmc.png Figure  33. S L-edge spectra showing the strong LS doublet at ~162-163 eV (after Kasrai et al. 1996a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-rb-k-edge-on-various-support-substrates-at-77k-2wkt9h57.png Figure  18. Rb K-edge on various support substrates at 77K (after Doskocil et al. 1997). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-o-k-edge-spectra-of-a-corundum-al2o3-with-6-al-1kp6pv8o.png Figure  24. O K-edge spectra of a) Corundum (Al2O3) with [6]Al, berlinite (AlPO4) [4]Al and CaAl2O4 with [4]Al, b) α-quartz and SiO2 glass, c) TiO2 (rutile and anatase) and Ti2O3 (Ti3+). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-between-xas-spectra-recorded-at-the-co-k-2oqhoqsx.png Figure  2. Comparison between XAS spectra recorded at the Co K edge using total fluorescence yield (dashed line) and using HERFD XANES (solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-o-k-edge-spectrum-of-crystalline-trigonal-geo2-fzr6v1n8.png Figure  23. O K-edge spectrum of crystalline trigonal GeO2 showing the peaks due to the O 1s → O 2p transition and the cation orbitals with which the O 2p state is hybridized/mixed (cf., Wang and Henderson 2004; Cabaret et al. 2007). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-si-l-edge-spectra-of-the-sio2-polymorphs-after-li-2tyul8p4.png Figure  12. Si L-edge spectra of the SiO2 polymorphs (after Li et al. 1994). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-35-p-k-edge-spectra-of-selected-phosphate-minerals-3vrclvzc.png Figure  35. P K-edge spectra of selected phosphate minerals (after Ingall et al. 2011). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-29-proportion-of-3-b-calculated-using-the-total-area-qztioi34.png Figure  29. Proportion of [3]B calculated using the total area method: squares (Dong et al. unpublished data), triangles (Fleet and Muthupari 2000), gradient (Sauer et al. 1993), diamonds (Garvie et al. 1995). https://scispace.com/papers/x-ray-characterisation-of-bulk-stones-from-the-patina-to-the-5gi0ep1d80 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mineralogical-evolution-for-different-depths-from-gbjz53rm.png Figure 4. Mineralogical evolution for different depths from the patina A: outside column sample (OC) B: inside lintel sample (IL) C: buried shell sample (BS) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-patterns-registered-for-a-given-2qen99nw.png Figure 5. Comparison of patterns registered for a given position and different beam sizes (tuffeau from the quarry of St Cyr en Bourg, France). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-photography-of-the-outside-column-a-and-shell-b-mwu42zd4.png Figure 1. Photography of the outside column (a) and shell (b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mineralogical-composition-of-the-samples-under-study-2bjx3luy.png Table 1. Mineralogical composition of the samples under study in different depth zones. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-polarized-light-photography-of-the-patina-in-the-3niz8oyn.png Figure 2. Polarized light photography of the patina in the outside shell. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diffraction-patterns-for-different-depths-from-the-1gwazkok.png Figure 3. Diffraction patterns for different depths from the patina A : outside column sample (OC) B: inside lintel sample (IL) C: buried shell sample (BS) https://scispace.com/papers/x-marks-the-spot-nexus-of-filaments-cores-and-outflows-in-a-3n6nv69629 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-physical-properties-of-filaments-2fbc27vg.png Table 2 Physical Properties of Filaments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-channel-maps-of-co13-emission-same-as-figure-2-3fo88u0n.png Figure 3. Channel maps of CO13 emission. Same as Figure 2, except the color scale in each map goes from 0 -K km s 1to a maximum intensity of (a) 3.2, (b) 3.0, (c) 3.2, (d) 1.1, (e) 0.6,and (f) 0.5 -K km s 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-correlations-in-extinction-av-co13-peak-brightness-ndvz3rxr.png Figure 7. Correlations in extinction AV, CO13 peak brightness temperature T13, ratio of CO12 peak brightness temperature to T13, velocity v, and velocity dispersion σ with distance from center of the filaments. Only the error bars for T T12 13 are shown. The typical errors in AV(∼0.02 mag), T13 (∼0.01 K), and v and σ (∼0.005 -km s 1) are smaller than the plot symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-near-infrared-image-of-a-region-of-the-cmc-created-cl2j2wd1.png Figure 9. Near-infrared image of a region of the CMC, created from JHK observations, overlayed with a contour plot of the outflow. The blueshifted (redshifted) emission has been integrated over the velocity range of−10 to −4 -km s 1 (1–7 -km s 1). The contour levels for both blue- and redshifted emission go from 2 to 9 -K km s 1, in steps of 1 -K km s 1. The inset shows the average CO12 spectra toward the entire Cal-X region (solid line) and in the vicinity of the outflow (dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-key-locations-for-spectra-in-the-next-figures-the-3huqundx.png Figure 4. Key—locations for spectra in the next figures. The dust extinction map of Cal-X is shown in grayscale, with contour levels at 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 32 mag. The colored labels identify the four axes defined in Section 3.1: northwest (NW), northeast (NE), southeast (SE), and southwest (SW). The two stars mark the locations of two infrared bright sources, discussed in Section 3.4. The inset shows the average CO12 and CO13 spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-results-of-the-co13-spectra-fitting-circles-13tivv5a.png Figure 6. Results of the CO13 spectra fitting (circles) overlaid on the Herschel extinction map. The color and size of the circles represent the gas velocity and the gas velocity dispersion, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-physical-properties-of-cores-2ze6oaga.png Table 3 Physical Properties of Cores https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-key-locations-of-cores-whose-properties-are-ajh3zxh0.png Figure 8. Key—locations of cores whose properties are summarized in Table 3. https://scispace.com/papers/x-ray-and-xps-studies-of-evaporated-cuxs-thin-films-1dr90hq680 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-copper-2p312-photoelectron-spectra-for-al-as-deposited-2uwyvgz1.png FIG. 4. Copper 2P312 photoelectron spectra for (al as-deposited Cu.S film, (bl following argon heat treatment (24 h. 250 0q plus air heat treatment (8 h. 150T). Mg Ka radiation IE = 1253.6 eVI· https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-a-shows-an-xrd-pattern-for-an-as-deposited-film-13f369jh.png Figure I (a) shows an XRD pattern for an as-deposited film (substrate temperature = 150 0q. Elemental copper is indi- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-of-evaporated-cu-s-film-la-10di4ny6.png FIG. 3. X·ray diffraction patterns of evaporated CU,S film la) after argon heat treatment 124 h, 250"C) plus air heat treatment 130 min, 150 "C), Ib) after argon heat treatment 124 h. 250°C) plus air heat treatment 18 h, 150 "C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-of-evaporated-cu-s-film-a-1f2rn817.png Figure I (a) shows an XRD pattern for an as-deposited film (substrate temperature = 150 0q. Elemental copper is indi- https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-shows-cu-s-peak-height-ratios-for-these-locations-15d9ep8n.png Table I shows Cu/S peak-height ratios for these locations before and after heat treatment. Even though the Table I data should be viewed somewhat qualitatively, the changes in Cu/S caused by heat treatment are consistent with the xray patterns of Fig. 1. The copper nodules are apparently being transformed into copper sulfide. It is expected that more extensive heat treatment would bring the Cu/S ratios for the nodules and film regions even closer to equality. https://scispace.com/papers/x-ray-cross-correlation-analysis-of-liquid-crystal-membranes-jdpzshjaos 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-temperature-dependence-of-bo-order-63qbiitc.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) Temperature dependence of BO order parameters |In(q0)| calculated for a single-domain case at q0 = 14.3 nm−1. (b) Temperature dependence of the correlation length ξ0(T ), determined from the SRL fits of |I0(q)|. A typical SRL fit for |I0(q)| ≡ 〈〈I (q,ϕ)〉ϕ〉M is shown in the inset for T = 63.25 ◦C (dots are experimental data, solid line is the SRL fit). (c) Temperature dependence of the correlation length ξn(T ) for n = 6, 12, 18, and 24 obtained as in (b). The Fourier components here are denoted with the same line colors and markers as in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-b-normalized-averaged-fourier-2m8k45kl.png FIG. 2. (Color online) (a), (b) Normalized averaged Fourier components of CCFs 〈Cn(q0)〉M determined at q0 = 14.3 nm−1 for 1 n 40 for two different smectic membranes, corresponding to a several-domain case (a) and a single-domain case (b). Evolution of the dominant Fourier components as functions of M is shown in the insets. (c) Normalized Fourier components |In(q)| as functions of q determined for the single-domain case. Solid lines are SRL fits to the experimental data (points). The Fourier components in (c) and in the insets are denoted as follows: n = 6 (empty orange square), n = 12 (empty black diamond), n = 18 (empty green triangle), n = 24 (filled magenta star), n = 30 (filled blue circle), and n = 36 (filled red square). The error bars in (c) are obtained by statistical analysis of five individual subensembles (five diffraction patterns each) from the whole set of M = 25 patterns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-geometry-of-the-scattering-experiment-1eg7nca0.png FIG. 1. (Color online) (a) Geometry of the scattering experiment showing the CRL transfocator, sample stage, and 2D detector. (b)–(e) Typical diffraction patterns measured for the LC membrane at different temperatures T . (b) Smectic phase (T = 64.25 ◦C) with a scattering ring at q0 ∼ 14 nm−1. (c) Hexatic phase (T = 62.5 ◦C) corresponding to scattering from few domains in different orientations. (d) Hexatic phase (T = 62.25 ◦C) with a prominent sixfold symmetry typical for a single domain. (e) Crystalline phase (T = 58.75 ◦C) with two domains of slightly different orientations. https://scispace.com/papers/x-ray-diffraction-analysis-and-magnetic-behavior-of-2sy5o6qcga 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-m-mmax-h-hysteresis-plots-for-20-and-100-nm-wire-342pop3x.png FIG. 3. M /Mmax-H hysteresis plots for 20 and 100 nm wire arrays. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-x-ray-diffractogram-for-fe15co17ni58b10-nanowires-in-32dbjikf.png FIG. 2. X-ray diffractogram for Fe15Co17Ni58B10 nanowires in alumina template: a as cast and b annealed at 600 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-m-mmax-h-hysteresis-plots-for-as-cast-and-annealed-200-3noqp2q1.png FIG. 4. M /Mmax-H hysteresis plots for as-cast and annealed 200 nm wire arrays. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-x-ray-diffractogram-of-feconib-film-on-copper-1g0noqww.png FIG. 1. X-ray diffractogram of FeCoNiB film on copper-beryllium substrate with a 3% boron, b 10% boron, and c 10% boron annealed at 600 °C. https://scispace.com/papers/x-ray-emission-from-the-galactic-disk-58p8srq7e0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-spatial-profile-2-10-kev-of-galactic-disk-4-13cij70b.png Figure 1. Top: Spatial profile (2 - 10 keV) of galactic disk (4 scans summed) at t = 61.8° plus two data bins from b ~ _8°. Dotted line represents best fit to point source plus background. https://scispace.com/papers/x-ray-optical-observations-of-a0535-26-hde-245770-in-56krxdshvt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-a0535-26-pds-power-law-spectral-fits-2pjndozs.png Table 3 A0535+26 PDS power law spectral fits https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a0535-26-lecs-mecs-spectral-fitsa-mmp7up12.png Table 2 A0535+26 LECS+MECS spectral fitsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bepposax-a0535-26-count-rate-spectrum-plus-signs-3ku0mexv.png Figure 5. BeppoSAX A0535+26 count rate spectrum (plus signs; LECS in black and MECS in gray) and power law best-fit continuum (histogram), together with the fit residuals. Fitting parameters are listed in Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pds-15-200-kev-count-rate-spectrum-for-obs1-top-2kqn2yhk.png Figure 6. PDS 15–200 keV count rate spectrum for OBS1. Top panel: count rate spectrum (plus signs) and best fit continuum model (histogram). Bottom panel: residuals to the power law plus Gaussian in absorption model. The CRF normalization was put to zero, in order to show the feature significance https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-log-of-the-observations-of-a0535-26-performed-by-17pg016u.png Table 1 Log of the observations of A0535+26 performed by BeppoSAX https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-500-s-background-subtracted-mecs-light-curves-of-2al5i01b.png Figure 1. 500 s background subtracted MECS light curves of the third BeppoSAX observation in two energy bands (first two panels) and their ratio (lower panel). There is no appreciable spectral evolution during the whole observation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-normalized-crab-ratio-for-the-first-pds-observation-n9om0twz.png Figure 7. Normalized Crab ratio for the first PDS observation of A0535+26. First panel: ratio between the A0535+26 and Crab count rate spectra. Middle panel: Crab ratio multiplied by the functional form of the Crab spectrum, a E−2.1 power law. Bottom panel: The result from the previous operation divided by the functional describing the continuum (as listed in Table 3) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pulse-fraction-as-a-function-of-energy-for-obs3-the-1a8mi3ju.png Figure 4. Pulse fraction as a function of energy for OBS3. The dotted line represents the pulse fraction measured on the whole 4–10 keV energy range https://scispace.com/papers/x-ray-magnetic-circular-dichroism-measured-at-the-fe-k-edge-4uy8yjlnpv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-between-raw-xas-and-xmcd-data-dashed-3frv6osg.png Figure 1. Comparison between raw XAS and XMCD data (dashed lines) and deconvolved spectra (solid lines) obtained at the Fe K-edge in the YIG thin film with 9.8 µm thickness. Data obtained from one single pair of spectra measured with opposite helicities are shown in red, while those obtained from the average of 38 pairs (19 pairs were measured for one direction of the field, and other 19 for the opposite direction) are plotted in black. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1s2p-rixs-plane-left-and-rixs-mcd-plane-right-m16y1xlt.png Figure 2. 1s2p RIXS plane (left) and RIXS-MCD plane (right) measured at the Fe K-edge in the YIG thin film with 6.0 µm thickness. Both planes are normalized to the maximum of the RIXS intensity measured in the pre-edge region (at 7115 eV incident energy, 6404.7 eV emission energy). Colored horizontal lines correspond to the CEE scans plotted in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-intensity-of-the-isotropic-xas-spectrum-taken-at-the-3v1txv58.png Table 2. Intensity of the isotropic XAS spectrum (taken at the maximum of the pre-edge) and of the XMCD spectrum (taken as the peak-to-peak intensity) in the experimental and theoretical spectra plotted in Figures 1 and 4. Intensities are given for an edge jump of 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-theoretical-isotropic-xas-and-xmcd-spectra-2ivbqqae.png Figure 4. Theoretical isotropic XAS and XMCD spectra calculated in Ligand Field Multiplet theory for a Fe3+ ion in tetrahedral site (panels a and c) and octahedral site (panels b and d), using two different Lorentzian broadenings with FWHM equal to 1.25 eV (solid) and 0.4 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-different-contributions-to-the-spectral-broadening-1lrwwe6a.png Table 1. Different contributions to the spectral broadening in the XAS/XMCD and RIXS/RIXS-MCD experiments performed in this work. All values are given in eV and represent a FWHM. The different broadenings are defined as in Ref. [8]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-cee-xas-and-b-cee-mcd-1d-plots-extracted-eu9nbx7v.png Figure 3. (a) CEE-XAS and (b) CEE-MCD 1D plots extracted respectively from the isotropic RIXS and RIXS-MCD planes shown in Figure 2: Constant Emission Energy scans at 6402.6 eV (green), 6404.0 eV (red), 6404.6 eV (blue), “TFY-like” data (black dashed) obtained from the integration of the plane along the emission energy direction, TFY (non-deconvolved) data from Figure 1 (black solid line). Note that in this figure the “TFY-like” and TFY data are normalized such that the maximum of the XAS in the pre-edge equals unity. https://scispace.com/papers/x-ray-emission-from-supernovae-in-dense-circumstellar-matter-3csxxxwpqe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-unabsorbed-swift-xrt-light-curve-extracted-at-the-1384yktb.png Figure 4. Unabsorbed Swift/XRT light curve extracted at the position of SN 2011ht in the 0.2–10 keV band, corrected for the aperture size and assuming NH = 7.8 × 1019 cm−2. The dashed gray line represents the 2σ upper limit on the flux from two combined Swift/XRT observations obtained 1649 and 1405 days prior to the SN maximum light. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-unabsorbed-swift-xrt-light-curve-extracted-at-the-1sskdktq.png Figure 5. Unabsorbed Swift/XRT light curve extracted at the position of SN 2010al in the 0.2–10 keV band, corrected for the aperture size and assuming NH = 3.92× 1020 cm−2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spectrum-of-sn-2006jc-as-observed-87-days-after-20nqxc7w.png Figure 3. Spectrum of SN 2006jc, as observed 87 days after maximum optical light, near or at peak X-ray luminosity. The top panel shows the binned X-ray data (points) with errors (1σ ) along with the best-fit model, a photon index Γ = 0.24+0.22−0.16 (90% confidence) power law, whereNph ∝ E−Γ, and with negligible line-of-sight absorption. The dashed line shows the constrained best fit that has maximal NH (90% confidence, 1.37× 1021 cm−2). The bottom panel shows the Δχ2 residuals to the best fit. The fit is acceptable, with χ2 = 11.75 for 12 degrees of freedom (pnull = 0.47). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-x-ray-light-curve-corrected-for-aperture-size-3g738201.png Figure 6.X-ray light curve, corrected for aperture size, extracted at the position SN 2007pk. The emission, and flare, are likely due to AGN activity in the host galaxy NGC 579. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-various-regions-in-the-radius-vs-wind-mass-loading-1dpa6w68.png Figure 7. Various regions in the radius vs. wind mass-loading parameter phase space, assumingw = 2. As indicated in the legend the solid black line represents Thomson optical depth, τ = 30 (i.e., shock breakout with vs = 104 km s−1). τ = 5 and τ = 2/3 are marked with the dashed black, and dashed-dotted black lines, respectively. The dotted black lines represent the integral of mass inside a given radius (i.e., ∫ r 0 4πr 2Kr−2dr = 4πKr). The gray lines show constant bound-free absorption at a given energy (see legend). Note that τbf is calculated using the relation given in Morrison & McCammon (1983), rather than the approximate relation provided in Equation (5). The dotted gray lines represent lines of constant density, while the heavy dotted black lines shows constant optically thin X-ray emission (see the text). For reference, the radii of red supergiant (RSG, 500 R ), the Sun and a massive white dwarf (WD, 0.005 R ) are marked in circles on the τ = 30 line. See the text for discussion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-swift-xrt-x-ray-measurements-375ob2e0.png Table 2 Swift/XRT X-Ray Measurements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-swift-circles-and-chandra-squares-x-ray-light-12kbfnou.png Figure 1. Swift (circles) and Chandra (squares) X-ray light curves extracted at the position of SN 2010jl. The unabsorbed flux was calculated using PIMMS assuming a Galactic column density of NH = 3.05 × 1020 cm−2, and a Nph(E) ∝ E−0.2 power-law spectrum. We note that the Chandra observations show a possible extended source near the SN location. This additional source may contaminate the Swift/XRT measurements and can explain the small discrepancy between Chandra and Swift/XRT. Alternatively, the discrepancy between the Chandra and Swift light curves can be explained if the X-ray spectrum is harder orNH is larger than we assumed. We note that forNH which is a factor of 1000 larger than theGalactic value, the unabsorbed Swift (Chandra) flux will be about 5.2 (7.2) times larger. For reference, the gray circles show the PTF R-band luminosity of this SN scaled by 0.01. The PTF R-band luminosity was calibrated using the method described by Ofek et al. (2012a) and calibration stars listed by Ofek et al. (2012b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-upper-panel-the-swift-circles-and-chandra-squares-x-2k5xrmba.png Figure 2. Upper panel: the Swift (circles) and Chandra (squares) X-ray light curve extracted at the position of SN 2006jc. The unabsorbed fluxwas calculated using PIMMS assuming a Galactic column density of NH = 1.0× 1020 cm−2, and a Nph(E) ∝ E−0.2 power-law spectrum. Lower panel: the mean photon energy of the Swift/XRT X-ray observations in the 0.2–10 keV band as a function of time. A version of this plot is shown by Immler et al. (2008). https://scispace.com/papers/x-ray-streak-camera-temporal-resolution-improvement-using-a-51uxwg6ga4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-transverse-rms-size-of-the-beam-without-top-and-with-w3j0ajg7.png Fig. 2. Transverse rms size of the beam without (top) and with (bottom) streak as a function of distance inside the streak camera. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-plot-of-a-typical-x-ray-streak-camera-2ijqoivs.png Fig. 1. A schematic plot of a typical X-ray streak camera. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-line-density-distribution-at-the-image-plane-with-2k7vj5ie.png Fig. 4. Line density distribution at the image plane with initial 1000 fs separation and 500 fs separation through the proposed ALS streak camera. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-initial-horizontal-longitudinal-distribution-of-photo-2p1h5m3i.png Fig. 3. Initial horizontal-longitudinal distribution of photo electrons and the final transverse distribution of photo electrons on the CCD screen. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-line-density-distribution-at-the-image-plane-with-3ow5cmwu.png Fig. 5. Line density distribution at the image plane with initial 330 fs separation without (top) with (bottom) longitudinal magnification through the streak camera. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-modulation-transfer-function-as-a-function-of-temporal-3gtppdqx.png Fig. 6. Modulation transfer function as a function of temporal separation frequency with/without longitudinal magnification through the streak camera. https://scispace.com/papers/x-ray-tomography-investigation-of-cyclically-sheared-5dmyk6rq34 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-variation-of-fractions-of-n-ring-structures-within-33rapgpk.png FIG. 2. (a) Variation of fractions of N-ring structures within one cycle with respect to the symmetric states ( 0 ). (b) Volume evolution of globalV and topoV (inset) within one cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-of-the-experiment-setup-granular-packing-32ed6fhu.png FIG. 1. (a) Schematic of the experiment setup: granular packing is sheared by the motor on the linear stage, and the macroscopic shear force is measured by the force sensor. (b) Evolutions of the average volume fraction and shear force F within one cycle (ensemble averaged over 12 realizations). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-evolution-of-topon-within-one-cycle-the-arrows-are-238b7ey0.png FIG. 4. (a) Evolution of topoN within one cycle. The arrows are guides to eye to show the increase trends of topoN just before and after shear reversal which is analogous to the behavior of shear force F in (c). (b) Evolution of the xzA component of the fabric tensor within one cycle. (c) Shear force results and the corresponding fitting using topoN and xzA . (d) The respective contributions of topoN and xzA to shear force F, denoted by topoF N and xzF A . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-probability-distribution-functions-of-the-delaunay-2820zhph.png FIG. 3. (a) Probability distribution functions of the Delaunay tetrahedron free volume fv at 0γ= and 0.167γ= . The solid lines denote the exponential fittings on tails. Inset: evolution of https://scispace.com/papers/x-ray-studies-of-the-black-widow-pulsar-psr-b1957-20-2kl3i0fsot 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-chandra-acis-s3-image-in-the-energy-band-0-3-8-15ugpc2o.png Figure 2. Left: Chandra ACIS-S3 image in the energy band 0.3–8 keV of the black widow pulsar system smoothed with an adaptive Gaussian filter. The green circle with the 2.′′0 radius indicates the source region we used in this study while two segments of the X-ray tail are chosen from the red rectangular regions. Right: the Hα image taken from the Anglo Australian Telescope is overlaid with the X-ray contours. The green contour levels are shown at 0.4%, 0.8%, 3.0%, 15.4%, and 84.8% of the peak X-ray surface brightness. The red cross indicates the radio timing position of PSR B1957+20. The optical residuals correspond to incompletely subtracted stars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-x-ray-emission-from-psr-b1957-20-in-the-energy-grbd4fy7.png Figure 1. Left: X-ray emission from PSR B1957+20 in the energy range of 0.3–8.0 keV as a function of the pulsar’s orbital phase (φ). Right: a folded light curve at the orbital period. Two orbital cycles are shown for clarity. The background noise level is found to be at ∼0.1 counts bin−1. The phase zero (φ = 0.0) corresponds to the ascending node of the pulsar orbit. Error bars indicate the 1σ uncertainty. The blue shaded regions between the orbital phases 0.2–0.3 and 1.2–1.3 mark the radio eclipse of the black widow pulsar. The phase-resolved spectrum covering the eclipsing region was extracted from the gray shaded regions (see Section 5.1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-x-ray-spectral-parameters-of-the-psr-b1957-20-binary-39s8ysk8.png Table 1 X-Ray Spectral Parameters of the PSR B1957+20 Binary System https://scispace.com/papers/xanes-study-of-the-oxidation-state-of-cr-in-lower-mantle-4tg3p6uhil 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-area-of-the-absorption-edge-shoulder-a-u-and-cr2-3fi3eo9f.png TABLE 1. Area of the absorption edge shoulder (a.u.) and Cr2+ concentration (%) for the Cr reference, Cr:MgSiO3 perovskite, and Cr:MgO periclase samples, calculated as Cr2+ (at%) = Cr2+/(Cr2+ + Cr3+) × 100 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-increase-in-the-area-of-the-absorption-edge-h6dyyi4w.png FIGURE 3. Increase in the area of the absorption edge shoulder (a.u.) as a function of Cr2+ concentration (%) in the studied samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-chromium-k-edge-xanes-spectra-of-chromite-34jwr3q5.png FIGURE 2. Chromium K-edge XANES spectra of chromite (dasheddotted line), Cr-bearing enstatite (dotted line), Cr:MgSiO3 perovskite (dashed line), and Cr:MgO periclase and Cr:(Mg,Fe)O ferropericlase samples (full lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-chromium-k-edge-xanes-spectra-of-crocoite-dashed-9z1z1hh6.png FIGURE 1. (a) Chromium K-edge XANES spectra of crocoite (dashed line), chromite (dashed-dotted line), Cr-bearing enstatite (dotted line), and ferropericlase sample 400 (full line). (b) Fits of the background subtracted pre-edge peaks of chromite, Cr-bearing enstatite, and ferropericlase sample 400. (c) Fit of the area of the derivative of the shoulder on the Cr2+ absorption edge of ferropericlase sample 400 (see arrow). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-xanes-features-of-cr-bearing-enstatite-chromite-1ny6vq9c.png TABLE 2. XANES features of Cr-bearing enstatite, chromite, crocoite, and ferropericlase sample 400 https://scispace.com/papers/xanthomonas-sontii-sp-nov-a-non-pathogenic-bacterium-5a9cn59kpa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-genome-assembly-statistics-of-ppl1t-ppl2-and-ppl3-dqt6jk8s.png Table 2: Genome assembly statistics of PPL1T, PPL2 and PPL3 strains. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-dddh-values-of-strains-ppl1t-ppl2-and-ppl3-with-2ri2766z.png Table 3: The dDDH values of strains PPL1T, PPL2 and PPL3 with other Xanthomonas strains. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-biochemical-characteristics-of-ppl1t-omxi7ana.png Table 1: Comparison of biochemical characteristics of PPL1T, PPL2, PPL3, and their closest neighbor X. sacchari NCPPB 4341T. Symbols represents; + : positive, - : negative, +/- : borderline, § : X. albilineans LMG 494T strain characteristics already reported in [23], NA : data not available in literature. https://scispace.com/papers/xenon-tagging-of-ebr-ii-driver-fuel-ebr-ii-project-228u1uvwe4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-retention-of-xenon-tags-in-elements-containing-33gdy1a4.png TABLE II. Retention of Xenon Tags in Elements Containing Enriched Fuel Pins https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mark-ia-design-of-ebr-ii-driver-fuel-element-all-2xiybp42.png Fig. 1. Mark-IA Design of EBR-II Driver-fuel Element. (All dimensions are in inches) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-view-of-tagging-system-inside-glovebox-the-vacuum-2436kx6y.png Fig. 3. View of Tagging System Inside Glovebox. The vacuum coupling is hidden by the argon Dewar. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-of-procedure-test-with-elements-containing-2ylwymeg.png TABLE I. Results of Procedure Test with Elements Containing Depleted Fuel Pins https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-of-xenon-tagging-system-uk21yejn.png Fig. 4. Schematic of Xenon-tagging System https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-gas-handling-system-at-glovebox-for-xenon-tagging-top-1l7i96sq.png Fig. 2. Gas-handling System at Glovebox for Xenon Tagging. Top of supply Dewar for liquid argon is hidden by the plastic funnel in center of photo https://scispace.com/papers/xdawn-algorithm-to-enhance-evoked-potentials-application-to-yhpxnjoim5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-histogram-of-interval-between-two-consecutive-target-2tfmgwdm.png Fig. 4. Histogram of interval between two consecutive target stimuli ∆τk (4) for the three subjects. The vertical dashed line is located at one second which is the temporal length of the estimated synchronous response A (2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-estimations-of-p300-evoked-potentials-for-the-three-2h00gvtc.png Fig. 3. Estimations of P300 evoked potentials for the three subjects. First row (Fig. 3(a), 3(b), 3(c)) corresponds to a classical epoching estimation A† (3). Second row (Fig. 3(d), 3(e), 3(f)) corresponds to the proposed estimation  (2) obtained by least squares minimisation. The evoked potentials for all the sensors are stacked on the same plot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-brain-computer-interface-p300-speller-fig-1-a-screen-19rpwfql.png Fig. 1. Brain-Computer Interface “P300 speller”. Fig. 1(a): screen display as shown to the subjects with the third highlighted row. Fig. 1(b): time course of the actual signal waveforms at Cz . The continuous line represents the average over rare (i.e. target) stimuli and the dashed line corresponds to the average over common (i.e. non-target) stimuli. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-p300-subspace-estimation-for-the-three-subjects-each-1gvo14gj.png Fig. 5. P300 subspace estimation for the three subjects. Each row corresponds to one subject: Fig. 5(a), 5(b), 5(c), 5(d) and 5(e) are related to subject 1, Fig. 5(f), 5(g), 5(h), 5(i) and 5(j) are related to subject 2, and Fig. 5(k), 5(l), 5(m), 5(n) and 5(o) are related to subject 3. For each subject, Fig. 5(a), 5(b), 5(c), Fig. 5(f), 5(g), 5(h), and Fig. 5(k), 5(l), 5(m) show the triplet: enhanced synchronised response a′ i (15), spatial filter ui (12) and spatial distribution wi (16) (top, bottom left and bottom right, respectively) for the three first components estimated by the xDAWN algorithm. Fig. 5(d), 5(i), 5(n) show the SNR obtained by different methods of enhancement for the three subjects: ‘reference’ means no enhancement (Û = I and Â′ = Â), ‘PCA’ corresponds to an enhancement obtained by PCA thanks to (7) and (8), ‘xDAWN’ results are obtained by the xDAWN algorithm (12) and (15), and ‘ICA’ results refer to spatial filters Û estimated by the JADE blind source separation algorithm [27], respectively. Note that ‘reference’ and ‘ICA’ SNR are sorted in descending order of SNR, while ‘PCA’ and ‘xDAWN’ are sorted in descending order of principal values ∆ (6) and in descending order of singular values Λ (11), respectively. Finally, Fig. 5(e), 5(j) and 5(o) show the projection of SNR related to ‘reference’ over the subjects’ scalp. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-least-squares-estimation-of-p300-evoked-potentials-for-1nww5gzf.png Fig. 2. Least squares estimation of P300 evoked potentials for the first subject of the recorded database (cf. Section III-A). Fig. 2(a): projection of  (2) on the user’s scalp. Each plot corresponds to an ERP of 1 s and plots at the sensor position on the user’s head. Fig. 2(b) shows the principal components of  (2). These principal components are normalised such that their sum is equal to one. Fig. 2(c), 2(d) and 2(e) projection of the first, second, and third principal component of  on the user’s scalp, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/xenophobic-attacks-migration-intentions-and-networks-558sfktkzb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-occupation-at-destination-3vqlyu9d.png Table 11- Occupation at destination (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-macro-economic-indicators-for-mozambique-and-sa-23y3g0je.png Table 2: Macro-economic indicators for Mozambique and SA https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-statistics-of-households-level-controls-1gmjp8oy.png Table 6: Summary statistics of households level controls https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-migration-intentions-over-time-by-hh-group-2se55n2j.png Table 5- Migration intentions over time by hh group membership/ social network (%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-about-here-1e0c0pok.png FIGURE 2 ABOUT HERE https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-migration-intentions-over-time-by-household-size-1fou76ix.png Table 4- Migration intentions over time by household size (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-source-of-help-on-the-migration-process-a9fcbzwx.png Table 12: Source of help on the migration process https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-migration-intentions-over-time-1hsvzj00.png Table 3- Migration intentions over time (%) https://scispace.com/papers/xenotransplantation-of-human-psc-derived-microglia-creates-a-1i4r5fqqfw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-human-psc-derived-microglia-are-functional-in-the-5r9940bs.png Fig. 3 Human PSC-derived microglia are functional in the mouse brain. a Representative 3D reconstruction of super-resolution images showing hCD45+ donor-derived microglia engulf synaptic proteins, synapsin I, and PSD95 in gray matter at 8 weeks post transplantation. Scale bars, 3 and 1 μm in the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-transcriptomic-profiling-analysis-of-clusters-of-xeno-hw4dee5e.png Fig. 5 Transcriptomic profiling analysis of clusters of Xeno MG and mouse microglia. a tSNE plot highlighting only the clusters of human Xeno MG and mouse host microglia. b Scatter plot showing mean mRNA expression levels of human and mouse genes with unique orthologs from Xeno MG and mouse microglia clusters, highlighting the differentially expressed genes (DEGs; at least twofold different) in human Xeno MG (red) or mouse microglia (green) from 6-month-old chimeric mouse brain. Significantly different DEGs (<5% false discovery rate (FDR) and at least twofold different) are listed in https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-human-psc-derived-microglia-undergo-morphological-3ixwcp8i.png Fig. 2 Human PSC-derived microglia undergo morphological maturation. a Representatives of hTMEM119+ hPSC-derived microglia and mTMEM119+ mouse microglia in the cerebral cortex, corpus callosum (CC) and hippocampus (HIP) in 6-month-old mice. Scale bars: 200m and 50 μm in the original and enlarged images, respectively. b Representatives of hTMEM119+ hPSC-derived microglia and mTMEM119+ mouse microglia in the cerebral cortex. Scale bars: 50 and 20 μm in the original and enlarged images, respectively. c Quantification of the percentage of hTMEM119+ cells in total microglia (hTMEM119+ plus mTMEM119+) in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus (HIP), corpus callosum (CC) in 6-month-old chimeric mice (n= 7 mice for each time point). The data are pooled from the mice received transplantation of microglia derived from both hESCs and hiPSCs. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. d, e Quantification of endpoint numbers and total process length of mouse and hPSC-derived microglia based on mTMEM119 or hTMEM119 staining, respectively, from gray matter at the three time points (n= 7 mice for each time point). The data are pooled from the mice received transplantation of microglia derived from both hESCs and hiPSCs. Two-way ANOVA is used to compare the endpoints and process length between human and mouse microglia and one-way ANOVA is used for the comparison within mouse or human microglia. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and NS no significance. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. f Quantification of the percentage of CD68+ area in hTMEM119+ area from cerebral cortex in 3-, 8- and 6-month-old chimeric mice (n= 7 mice for each time point). The data are pooled from the mice received transplantation of microglia derived from both hESCs and hiPSCs. One-way ANOVA test, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. g Representatives of CD68- and hTMEM119-exprssing cells in the cerebral cortex. Scale bars: 10 or 2 μm in the original or enlarged images, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/xpad3-a-new-photon-counting-chip-for-x-ray-ct-scanner-4qe7eivbcz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-xpad3-circuits-features-30b8qzqa.png Table 2: XPAD3 circuits' features https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-advantages-of-hybrid-pixels-versus-ccd-pixels-amqgwmi3.png Table 1: Main advantages of Hybrid pixels versus CCD pixels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-xpad3c-s-pixel-chain-1xl2y924.png Fig 2 : XPAD3C's pixel chain https://scispace.com/papers/xsnq-u-a-non-lte-emission-and-absorption-coefficient-3kld82b0m2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-7-level-populations-versus-time-for-fa-at-p-10-3-g-cc-39r3dsmj.png Fig, 11-7, Level populations versus time for Fa at p » 10" 3 g/cc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-9-level-populations-versus-time-for-u-at-p-10-3-g-cc-29otr0qp.png Fig. 11-9. Level populations versus time for U at p - 10" 3 g/cc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-8-material-and-radiation-temperatures-versus-time-for-3ryd3def.png Fig. 11-8. Material and radiation temperatures versus time for U at p •» 10" 3 g/cc. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-1-shows-both-the-function-and-the-fit-inserting-the-mnlrtc1g.png Figure 7-1 shows both the function and the fit. Inserting the expression derived in Eq. (7.15) for the reduced integral of Eq. (7.12) and collecting terms, we have for the redefined net rates per electron https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-1-p-pdeg-for-fe-and-b-at-p-1-gm-cc-n-ti-1bzvxxee.png Table 11-1. P /P° for Fe and B at p = 1 gm/cc. n TI https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-5-level-populations-versus-time-for-u-at-p-1-g-cc-1mus3sqi.png Fig. 11-5. Level populations versus time for U at p » 1 g/cc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-1-solution-of-eq-8-9-18ak5dd2.png Fig. 8-1. Solution of Eq. (8.9). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-4-material-and-radiation-temperatures-versus-time-for-att15yb5.png Fig. 11-4. Material and radiation temperatures versus time for U at p • 1 g/cc. https://scispace.com/papers/xml-indexing-and-retrieval-with-a-hybrid-storage-model-252-5g0k0fbz7m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-another-design-for-attribute-index-table-29xw3l3s.png Fig. 4. Another design for attribute index table. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-attribute-index-table-3o0pehf0.png Fig. 3. Attribute index table. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-part-of-the-astronomy-dtd-structure-298klr7y.png Fig. 5. A part of the ASTRONOMY DTD structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-xrs-ii-system-architecture-kglspap7.png Fig. 1. The XRS-II system architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-summary-of-index-overhead-3rrje7jx.png Table 1. A summary of index overhead. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-posting-structure-in-xrs-ii-1c7y4jvv.png Fig. 2. A posting structure in XRS-II. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-summary-of-the-retrieval-performance-1ykm2zx5.png Table 2. A summary of the retrieval performance. https://scispace.com/papers/xwake-1-1-a-new-impedance-and-wake-field-software-package-2ubye8m89x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-bellows-geometry-aacwqr3m.png Figure. 7. Bellows Geometry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-radial-transmission-line-geometry-2vjs0ia8.png Figure. 1. Radial Transmission Line Geometry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dipole-transverse-wake-potential-2fn9bch1.png Figure. 4. Dipole Transverse Wake Potential https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dipole-longitudinal-wake-potential-3hlcifp8.png Figure. 3. Dipole Longitudinal Wake Potential https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-monopole-longitudinal-impedance-1f6ojn97.png Figure. 2. Monopole Longitudinal Impedance https://scispace.com/papers/xylanase-inhibitors-bind-to-nonstarch-polysaccharides-2bq4qpuu98 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2j8vitvk.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structures-sources-and-solubilities-of-different-2hlfxi1b.png Table 1: Structures, sources and solubilities of different glucans https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-11adqxa4.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-u9otnjca.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/papers/xylan-decoration-patterns-and-the-plant-secondary-cell-wall-ffoyugkeum 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phylogenetic-analysis-of-a-thaliana-gux1-5-atgux1-5-og7azbor.png Figure 2: Phylogenetic analysis of A. thaliana GUX1 – 5 (AtGUX1 -5) and their putative orthologues from Populus trichocarpa (poplar, Potri), Oryza sativa (rice, Os) and Physcomitrella patens (moss, Pp) performed using protein amino acid sequences. Despite originating from same species as AtGUX1 and AtGUX3, Arabidopsis GUX2 is positioned within a separate clade together with one putative GUX enzyme from O. sativa and P. trichocarpa. Both AtGUX1 and AtGUX3 are known to generate the cellulose binding compatible pattern of GlcA decoration. AtGUX2 creates an incompatible pattern of GlcA decoration. The split of Arabidopsis GUX1/3 and AtGUX2 into two clades suggests that the amino acid sequence of GUX proteins might be associated with the function as either compatible or incompatible pattern generating enzymes. Both rice and poplar have one putative GUX enzyme in the same clade as AtGUX2 and all other enzymes in the same clade as AtGUX1/3. This observation further supports the hypothesis that the amino acid sequence of GUX enzymes might be related to its function. Glucuronoxylan is present in moss cell walls [24] and the putative P. patens GUX enzymes were used as an out-group. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA6 [25]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-molecular-model-indicating-possible-roles-of-xylan-27ymo1i8.png Figure 3: Molecular model indicating possible roles of xylan in maintaining dicot secondary cell wall architecture. Xylan can interact with hydrophobic surface of cellulose (top view, A), and the compatible domain is also able to tightly associate with hydrophilic face of cellulose (B). The incompatible domains may allow tethering of adjacent cellulose fibrils (C), form loops which dissociate from the fibril and extend into the matrix and associate back to the same or different fibril (D), or span the fibrils and dock onto a different hydrophilic groove of the same fibril (E). https://scispace.com/papers/yang-mills-instantons-on-cones-and-sine-cones-over-nearly-445wnjixt5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cones-over-s6-10gem2dm.png Figure 2. Cones over S6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-contour-plots-of-the-potential-vk-ph-for-k-3-top-19anz7y2.png Figure 5. Contour plots of the potential −Vκ(φ) for κ = 3 (top left), κ = 1 (top right) and κ = 0 (bottom). In all three cases, −Vκ(φ) has local maxima at φ = 1 and φ = exp(±2πi /3). Moreover, at φ = 0, the potential −V3(φ) has an additional maximum on the same level as the other three maxima, −V1(φ) has a saddle point, and −V0(φ) has a local minimum. The friction term in the equation of motion on the cone (which has κ = 0) leads to solutions going from one of the maxima to the minimum at φ = 0. For κ = 1, i.e. the cocalibrated cylinder, our instanton solutions interpolate between the three maxima φ = 1, exp(±2πi /3), and the same is true for the sine-cone, with κ = 3. However, κ = 3 also covers the conformally parallel cylinder, which only admits solutions between φ = 0 and one of the three other maxima. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-complex-z-plane-z-y-ix-m8-is-a-twisted-product-mkz3evvm.png Figure 4. The complex z-plane, z = y − ix. M8 is a twisted product of M6 with the right halfplane {y > 0}. Embedded into M8 are the sine-cone (red half-circle), cylinder (vertical blue line), and cone (horizontal black line). M8 is foliated either by cylinders or cones, corresponding to the foliation of the half-plane by translations of the black and blue lines. A foliation by sine-cones is obtained through variation of the radius of the red half-circle. Upon a good parametrization of the three submanifolds the G2-instanton equation on one of them becomes invariant under these shifts, so that a solution on a submanifold trivially extends to a Spin(7)-instanton on all of M8. https://scispace.com/papers/yeast-vectors-for-the-integration-expression-of-any-sequence-2s6dpbo16p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gfp-specific-rt-pcr-of-rna-extracted-from-different-1kwbljn3.png Figure 3. GFP-specific RT–PCR of RNA extracted from different yeast strains grown in different conditions. Total RNA from the strain AAT3B TYR1::INTyrD (1–4) grown on glucose (1, 3) or galactose (2, 4), and from the parental strain AAT3B grown on galactose (5), were subjected to RT–PCR (1, 2, 5) or used dierctly (3, 4) for PCR, using GFP-specific oligonucleotides. PCR using pINTyrD plasmid DNA as a template (6) was used as a positive control https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-growth-properties-of-strains-with-tyr1-deletion-ynebk38t.png Figure 2. Growth properties of strains with TYR1 deletion. Yeast competent cells of two different yeast strains (AAT3B and F4A2U6) were transfected with 10 µg INTyrA recombination cassette (TYR1::SUP16) or with the corresponding empty vector (TYR1wt). A pool of 10 selected integrants with the correct chromosomal structure were grown on complete medium (+ tyrosine) and replica-plated on a medium lacking tyrosine (− tyrosine). The plates were photographed after 48 h growth at 30 ◦C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-list-of-all-recombination-cassettes-available-each-2ccgnek2.png Figure 1. List of all recombination cassettes available. Each recombination cassette may be obtained from the corresponding circular vector by SalI restriction and agarose gel purification https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-and-dna-sequence-of-oligonucleotides-used-2desi9js.png Table 1. List and DNA sequence of oligonucleotides used https://scispace.com/papers/yellow-cedar-blue-intensity-tree-ring-chronologies-as-397d4zce7k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-yclbi-blue-and-goarw-red-records-compared-a-note-the-25ima466.png Fig. 5. YCLBi (blue) and GOARW (red) records compared. (a) Note the divergence of the two series in the last few decades. (b) 31-year running correlations between the two series (not transformed (blue) and the first differences (black). These running correlations show the dramatic drop in correlation after the 1976/77 regime shift in the North Pacific and a recovery in correlation after ~1999. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-the-three-yellow-cedar-sites-used-in-the-n34icg04.png Fig. 1. Location of the three yellow-cedar sites used in the composite ring-width and latewood blue intensity (YCLBi) chronology (CL = Cedar Lake, BC = Bridget Cove, EG = East Glacier). The inset map shows the location of the Juneau area and the box includes the region over which the maximum temperature (Tmax) series were averaged. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-tree-ring-sites-shown-in-figure-1-3f3h2one.png Table 1. Parameters of tree-ring sites shown in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-among-ring-width-rw-and-latewood-blue-3aar9abi.png Table 2. Correlations among ring-width (RW) and latewood blue intensity (LBi) chronologies for the interval CE1750-1975 at individual tree-ring sites for non-transformed and first difference series (parens.). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-among-key-tree-ring-series-relative-to-2q7qcya9.png Table 3. Correlations among key tree-ring series relative to YCLBi and those used in climate reconstruction along the GOA. The first value is the non-transformed correlation and those in parentheses are 1st differenced. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-z-scores-relative-to-the-1400-1900-interval-of-the-3ay7uwvk.png Fig. 2. (a) Z-scores (relative to the 1400-1900 interval) of the ring—width (red) and latewood blue intensity (YCLBi, blue) both chronologies are built from the composite of the three cedar sites (Figure 1). (b) Shows the sample size (green) and the EPS for each of the chronologies (black (RW) and blue (YCLBi). Note that the EPS statistic for both sites exceeds the critical 0.85 value about CE 1400. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-temperature-response-monthly-correlations-for-1w4woake.png Fig. 3. (a) The temperature response (monthly correlations) for the ring-width (white) and blue intensity(black) cedar records for the dendroclimatic year. Note that for the 1901-1975 interval the YCLBi record correlates much more strongly with monthly temperatures than the RW. For the 1976-1999 interval, there is a significant loss of temperature sensitivity for YCLBi (b) and for the 2000-2014 interval correlations recover. The 95% confidence level is shown for each data set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-plots-of-a-january-through-august-average-maximum-itsvbwuy.png Fig. 4. Plots of (a) January through August average maximum temperatures (broken line) compared with YCLBI. Note how after 1975 the relationship diverges. (b) 15-year running correlations of the YCLBi series with maximum temperature (January-August average), with the non-transformed series (solid line) and with the first differenced data (broken line) showing the decadal loss of climate signal and then recovery. https://scispace.com/papers/yield-and-cost-driven-fracturing-for-variable-shaped-beam-1z250xotmv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-on-the-left-a-polygon-for-which-all-possible-t42xl7wx.png Figure 6. On the left, a polygon for which all possible partitions with minimum number of shots will have trapezoids of width less than . On the right, an additional horizontal line makes possible a partition without slivers, but having an extra shot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relationship-between-meef-and-k1-for-different-mask-1ebzebaw.png Figure 1. Relationship between MEEF and k1 for different mask types, where k1 is proportional to feature size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-treating-a-slant-edge-since-the-point-point-vij-is-5a08d8zy.png Figure 8. Treating a slant edge. Since the point point vij is concave, either the edge e h ij or the edge e v i,j−1 should be used in any fracturing. Since vij and vi+k,j+l are endpoints of a slant boundary edge, either the edge e h ij or e v i+k,j+l−1 should be in any fracturing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-grid-graph-g-3pbgklzn.png Figure 7. The grid graph G. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-testcases-11moro7j.png Table 1. Properties of testcases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fracturing-results-with-slivering-size-100nm-and-2s9d9eol.png Table 2. Fracturing results with slivering size = 100nm and maximum shot size M = 2.55µm. We set WC = 100 and PL = 30 for ILP+matching. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fracturing-results-with-different-values-of-wc-and-x7g0001g.png Table 3. Fracturing results with different values of WC and PL for ILP+matching. = 100nm and M = 2.55µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mask-data-process-flow-dt1dets6.png Figure 3. Mask data process flow. https://scispace.com/papers/yield-and-water-relations-of-pearl-millet-genotypes-under-5daomputyo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-afternoon-ldr-ldr-b-a-n-d-ldr-of-pc-arl-33w2wenv.png Table 5. Average afternoon LDR,,, LDR,b, a n d LDR of pc!arl millet genotypes in irrigated a n d nonirrigated treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-grain-yield-a-n-d-total-yield-of-pearl-millet-3u1gtym5.png Table 4. Mean grain yield a n d total yield of pearl millet genotypes in irrigated and nonirrigated treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-simple-correlations-across-genotypes-of-average-2k98hpnq.png Table 8. Simple correlations across genotypes of average afternoon, LDRad, LDRab, LDR, I/'L, v^rL> ^s> an^ water use with yields and yield ratios in irrigated and nonirrigated treatments (n = 10). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-pearl-millet-genotypes-as-l7onifqd.png Table 1. Characteristics of pearl millet genotypes as observed in the irrinated treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rainfall-during-the-crop-growth-period-and-amounts-of-2u1etjz2.png Fig. 1. Rainfall during the crop growth period and amounts of irrigation applied to the irrigated treatment plots during the 1980 season. https://scispace.com/papers/yield-comparisons-and-unique-characteristics-of-the-dwarf-1srfv1fwo0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-yield-studies-in-3-environments-data-are-1whzyx6q.png TABLE 1 Results of yield studies in 3 environments. Data are normalized to Veery-10 to facilitate comparisons. USU lines 1, 10, and 56 are from the same hybrid cross that produced USU-Apogee. The 12 growth chamber studies at PPF=700 are described in detail by Grotenhuis and Bugbee (1997). The greenhouse studies included 4 to 6 replicate plots per genotype. A dashed line indicates that the genotype was not included in the study. https://scispace.com/papers/yield-of-photoperiod-sensitive-sorghum-hybrids-based-on-1bn5402chz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-grain-yields-g-m-2-of-sorghum-hybrids-massa-sewa-3dum3uea.png Figure 3. Grain yields (g m−2) of sorghum hybrids Massa, Sewa, Fadda, and landrace cultivar Tieble in 27 individual trials and their regressions on trial-mean yields. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-least-square-mean-grain-yields-and-percent-yield-3f7n4l54.png Table 5. Least square mean grain yields and percent yield superiorities of eight sorghum hybrids and a pure-line bredcultivar check relative to the landrace cultivar Tieble in low-, medium-, and high-yielding environments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sorghum-cultivar-least-square-mean-grain-yields-over-7tc68sw1.png Table 4. Sorghum cultivar least square mean grain yields over 27 on-farm trials, yield differences relative to the landrace check Tieble in absolute and percentage basis, and the significance of comparisons. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sorghum-entries-tested-in-on-farm-yield-trials-2009-b8ats1fh.png Table 1. Sorghum entries tested in on-farm yield trials 2009 to 2011, their mean anthesis dates from June 26 and July 15 sowings at the ICRISAT research station, the number of days delay in anthesis of the second sowing relative to the first, and the computed photoperiod sensitivity index (Kp). https://scispace.com/papers/yizkor-books-as-holocaust-grey-literature-2a5k8g4rhk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-libraries-and-archives-with-yizkor-book-holdings-3okla0nw.png Table I: Libraries and Archives with Yizkor Book Holdings https://scispace.com/papers/you-are-where-you-shop-examining-stereotypes-about-town-5g4t9vg336 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-confirmatory-factor-analysis-results-for-study-1-zray0c63.png Table 1: Confirmatory factor analysis results for Study 1 Notes. All factor loading values are significant (p < .001). Model fit: χ2 = 250, df = 59, p < .001, CFI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.09, SRMR = 0.06. AVE = average variance extracted, CR = composite reliability. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-indirect-effects-of-income-type-employed-vs-welfare-3evs0rcj.png Table 11: Indirect effects of income type (employed vs. welfare-recipient) on judgments via deservingness across the shopper type conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-moderated-mediation-model-in-study-2-dqukvpdw.png Figure 3: The moderated mediation model in Study 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-planned-contrasts-comparing-town-center-shoppers-to-z05j1p7r.png Table 10: Planned contrasts comparing town center shoppers to other (out-of-town and online) shoppers across income type conditions. Note. One-tailed p-values are reported due to the directional hypotheses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-two-way-anova-summary-table-for-the-effect-of-income-ov3fn0i7.png Table 9: Two-way ANOVA summary table for the effect of income type and shopping channel on dependent variables in Study 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-summary-of-the-two-way-anovas-for-judgments-ywxqrj5z.png Figure 2: A summary of the two-way ANOVAs for judgments across different income and shopper type conditions. Note. The error bars represent standard errors. The graphs were produced using the JASP software (JASP Team, 2018). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-one-way-anova-summary-table-for-the-effect-of-27dit3pg.png Table 4: One-way ANOVA summary table for the effect of shopping channel on dependent variables in Study 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-reliability-coefficients-and-1myhm5wt.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics, reliability coefficients, and correlation values for the variables in Study 1 Note. All correlation coefficients are statistically significant (p < .001). https://scispace.com/papers/you-can-t-always-get-what-you-want-how-entrepreneur-s-4r6pcbelsm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-incubator-assertiveness-3l7fwekx.png Table 5 Incubator assertiveness. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-start-ups-resource-needs-as-perceived-by-2xz7z1nb.png Table 3 Start-ups’ resource needs as perceived by entrepreneurs and incubator staff. The numbers indicate how often each resource was mentioned during the interviews (interviewees could identify multiple resources). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-concepts-that-explain-the-differences-between-2juccekm.png Table 4 Concepts that explain the differences between entrepreneurs’ expected and experience https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-start-up-resource-needs-and-incubator-support-3oii507x.png Table 1 Start-up resource needs and incubator support. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-sample-incubators-cb932ul6.png Table 2 Characteristics of sample incubators https://scispace.com/papers/you-need-that-loving-tender-care-maternity-care-experiences-186f4586cc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-socio-demographic-profile-of-participating-women-by-2kf6pfhi.png Table 1 Socio-demographic profile of participating women, by ethnic group https://scispace.com/papers/you-must-see-the-point-automatic-processing-of-cues-to-the-7cwr1i1hp9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reproductions-of-the-digitised-stimuli-used-in-2ixv2j81.png Figure 1. Reproductions of the digitised stimuli used in Experiment 1. These images show agreeing and disagreeing head and gesture cues. Neutral head stimuli are not shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reproductions-of-the-digitised-stimuli-used-in-zeq9huab.png Figure 3. Reproductions of the digitised stimuli used in Experiment 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-reaction-times-rts-in-milliseconds-and-r1o6vjkc.png Table 2 Mean Reaction Times (RTs; in milliseconds) and Percentage of Errors for Responses to Head and Gesture Direction in Each Condition of Experiment 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-reaction-times-rts-in-milliseconds-and-280ewt17.png Table 3 Mean Reaction Times (RTs; in milliseconds) and Percentage of Errors for Responses to Head and Gesture Direction in Each Condition of Experiment 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-reaction-times-rts-in-milliseconds-and-303ww3hj.png Table 4 Mean Reaction Times (RTs; in milliseconds) and Percentage of Errors for Responses to Head and Arrow Direction in Each Condition of Experiment 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reproductions-of-some-of-the-incongruent-stimuli-2877bq8s.png Figure 2. Reproductions of some of the incongruent stimuli used in Experiment 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-reaction-times-rts-in-milliseconds-and-y3k9af7f.png Table 1 Mean Reaction Times (RTs; in milliseconds) and Percentage of Errors in Each Condition of Experiment 1 https://scispace.com/papers/you-re-manchester-united-manager-you-can-t-say-things-like-pejxijfs79 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-set-bbc-post-match-media-interviews-after-t5q0xcu5.png Table 1: Data set: BBC post-match media interviews after losses with David Moyes, Sir Alex Ferguson and Michael Phelan https://scispace.com/papers/young-entrepreneurs-in-sub-saharan-africa-1fdlf1ezab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-2-young-sugarcane-farmer-in-butamira-photo-soren-iynrlksf.png Figure 9.2 Young sugarcane farmer in Butamira (photo: Søren Bech Pilgaard Kristensen). https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-2-household-sources-of-income-20pbpwoj.png Table 10.2 Household sources of income (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-1-highest-level-of-education-attained-by-the-youth-2vallinc.png Table 7.1 Highest level of education attained by the youth of Nima-Maamobi https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-4-five-year-job-growth-aspirations-of-tea-1nsdo69w.png Table 2.4 Five-year job growth aspirations of TEA entrepreneurs in Uganda (%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3-scrap-collector-in-front-of-flooded-business-25ml2p0s.png Figure 6.3 Scrap collector in front of flooded business premises in Bwaise (photo: Thilde Langevang). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-4-key-challenges-affecting-youth-entrepreneurship-in-2f9czfbb.png Table 7.4 Key challenges affecting youth entrepreneurship in Nima-Maamobi https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-1-household-composition-2ibeymfv.png Table 10.1 Household composition https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-1-types-of-handicrafts-produced-by-women-2jmmdrc0.png Table 13.1 Types of handicrafts produced by women interviewed https://scispace.com/papers/young-children-but-not-chimpanzees-are-averse-to-5buyrez7lf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-test-apparatus-in-the-social-3j7vkrsd.png Fig. 1. Illustration of the test apparatus in the social condition (A) and nonsocial condition (B) in Studies 1 and 2. Children were placed on the right side of the apparatus, while the puppet (if present) sat on the left side of the apparatus. The experimenter sat behind the apparatus. Smarties were placed in the center of the board and could not be reached. A little platform was used to shove the Smarties forward and cause them to fall onto two plates. In the social condition, the platform had two handlebars attached on either side and could be moved forward only if both children and the puppet shoved their handlebar forward simultaneously. Otherwise, the board got stuck. Given the size of the apparatus, children were not able to touch and hence operate both handlebars alone. In the nonsocial condition, the experimenter operated the platform with a stick that pushed the board forward. With the help of a slider, the final split-up, and thus the final bait of the plates, could be manipulated without children’s awareness. Children could operate the crank on their side of the apparatus. Cranking toward the green direction caused the plates to move outward, delivering Smarties to two outside bowls (‘‘accepting an allocation”). Cranking toward the brown direction caused the plates to move inward, delivering Smarties inside the apparatus from where they were not accessible any longer (‘‘rejecting an allocation”). Directions were marked with colors and arrows. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-illustration-of-the-test-apparatus-in-the-social-a-and-d2ij2lq8.png Fig. 5. Illustration of the test apparatus in the social (A) and nonsocial (B) conditions in Study 2. Subject chimpanzees were placed on the right side of the booth, while the partner (if present) sat on the left side of the booth. Rewards were placed in the center of the flat and could not be reached. A little platform was used to shove the rewards forward and cause them to fall down into two cups. In the social condition, the platform could be moved only by means of a rope that was threaded through metal loops attached to the platform. When both chimpanzees took both ends of the rope and pulled simultaneously, the platform would shove the rewards forward. If only one chimpanzee pulled one end, the rope would unthread, leaving the board stationary and rewards inaccessible. Given the dimensions of the booth, one chimpanzee was not able to touch and hence pull both ends of the rope alone. In the nonsocial condition, the experimenter operated the platform by pulling it in his direction by means of a single rope. With the help of a slider, the final split-up, and thus the final bait of the plates, could be manipulated. Only subjects on the right side had access to a strap. Pulling the strap caused the plates to move outward, where chimpanzees could obtain the rewards through the mesh panel (‘‘accepting an allocation”). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-chimpanzee-subjects-and-their-kin-relationships-with-16zr00vc.png Table 3 Chimpanzee subjects and their kin relationships with partners. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-post-hoc-pairwise-comparisons-of-aversive-behavior-28dydg98.png Table 2 Post hoc pairwise comparisons of aversive behavior across all allocations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proportions-of-trials-in-study-1-where-children-showed-30m8ukgd.png Fig. 2. Proportions of trials in Study 1 where children showed aversive behavior (sharing, requesting, or rejecting) toward four different resource allocations (1–1, 5–5, 1–5, and 5–1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparative-statements-for-each-allocation-in-study-1-1lpwy9oc.png Fig. 4. Comparative statements for each allocation in Study 1. Error bars represent standard errors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-cranking-durations-for-each-allocation-in-study-1-o7h2r7ik.png Fig. 3. Mean cranking durations for each allocation in Study 1. Error bars represent standard errors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-four-possible-resource-allocations-3k7l043j.png Table 1 Four possible resource allocations. https://scispace.com/papers/young-children-s-social-information-processing-family-28l2puf8fv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hierarchical-multiple-regression-analyses-predicting-3ioxek06.png Table 3 Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analyses Predicting Grade 1 Hostile Attributions of Intent (HAI) and Hierarchical Logistic Regression Analyses Predicting Grade 1 Aggressive Response Planning (ARP; N 1,364) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hierarchical-logistic-regression-analyses-predicting-1rcbieq0.png Table 2 Hierarchical Logistic Regression Analyses Predicting Preschool Attribution of Intent Group from Child and Family Characteristics (N 1,364) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hierarchical-multiple-regression-analyses-predicting-n6vbj7jb.png Table 1 Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analyses Predicting Maternal and Teacher Reports of Children’s Externalizing Tendencies in First Grade (N 1,364) https://scispace.com/papers/young-learners-processing-of-multimodal-input-and-its-impact-2y62ayhasl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-for-comprehension-scores-by-2y85oij2.png Table 2. Descriptive statistics for comprehension scores by condition and type of question (image-related or text-related) (SD in brackets). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-predicted-probability-of-comprehension-accuracy-on-1btoh88k.png Figure 1. Predicted probability of comprehension accuracy on text+image and image-related questions as a function of Dwell time % on the relevant target type in RO and RWL conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dwell-time-fixation-count-and-average-fixation-2a4kak0y.png Table 1. Dwell time, fixation count, and average fixation duration descriptive statistics by condition and region (SD in brackets). Values reported are mean values per page/trial. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predicted-probability-of-comprehension-accuracy-on-1keo78nw.png Figure 2. Predicted probability of comprehension accuracy on text+image and image-related questions as a function of Dwell time % on the opposite target type in RO and RWL conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/young-l-dwarfs-identified-in-the-field-a-preliminary-low-qw5mfbz901 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-red-optical-spectral-sequence-of-low-gravity-l3-l5-w8dvow13.png Figure 3. Red-optical spectral sequence of low-gravity L3–L5 dwarfs (black, γ : very low gravity, β: intermediate low gravity) and normal-gravity spectral standards (L3: green; L4: orange; L5: red). Within each subtype, objects are plotted from top to bottom in decreasing order of the prominence of their low-gravity features with the normal-gravity spectral standard shown last (thick solid). The spectral standard is also overplotted on the low-gravity spectra (dotted). The spectrum of G196−3B (L3β) has been corrected for telluric absorption. All data are normalized at 8240–8260 Å. Gravity-sensitive spectral features are labeled. The wavelength region most affected by gravity (7300–8000 Å) and the relatively gravity-insensitive neighboring region (8000–8400 Å) are demarcated by dashed lines. The y-scale is logarithmic and the y-range is not the same from panel to panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-distribution-on-the-sky-in-equatorial-coordinates-1bwx7ich.png Figure 7. Distribution on the sky in equatorial coordinates of the very low-gravity (open circles) and intermediate-gravity (shaded circles) L dwarfs. Also shown are members of the AB Doradus moving group (blue pluses), the Tucana/Horologium Association (green crosses), the β Pictoris moving group (red five-pointed asterisks), and the TWA (purple six-pointed asterisks) as identified by Zuckerman & Song (2004). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-low-gravity-l-dwarfs-1sbuz5oy.png Table 1 Low-Gravity L Dwarfs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-alkali-metal-spectral-index-values-as-a-function-of-1d8urnm6.png Figure 4. Alkali-metal spectral index values as a function of spectral type. The K-a and K-b indices are defined in Section 4, while the other indices are defined by Kirkpatrick et al. (1999). The index values for the very low-gravity (open circles) and intermediate-gravity (shaded circles) objects are compared to the values for the normal-gravity standards (dashes). Overlapping data points are offset along the x-axis for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-molecular-spectral-index-values-as-a-function-of-3pt6h61i.png Figure 5. Molecular spectral index values as a function of spectral type. These indices are defined by Kirkpatrick et al. (1999). The index values for the very low-gravity (open circles) and intermediate-gravity (shaded circles) objects are compared to the values for the normal-gravity standards (dashes). Overlapping data points are offset along the x-axis for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-j-ks-color-as-a-function-of-spectral-type-the-1g93wnae.png Figure 6. J − Ks color as a function of spectral type. The colors of the very low-gravity (open circles) and intermediate-gravity (shaded circles) L dwarfs are compared to the colors of the objects in 20 pc sample (pluses, Reid et al. 2008). The J −Ks values for the low-gravity objects are listed in Table 1. Overlapping low-gravity data points are slightly offset along the x-axis for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-red-optical-spectra-of-l0g-type-dwarfs-that-exhibit-1aesip2c.png Figure 1. Red-optical spectra of L0γ -type dwarfs that exhibit spectral features indicative of very low gravity (black). All of these objects are near clones of 2M 0141−46 (Kirkpatrick et al. 2006), which is shown at the top and compared to the L0 standard 2M 0345+25 (thick red). The L0 standard is also overplotted on the clones (red dotted) and shown at the bottom of each panel (thick red). None of these data are telluric corrected. All data are normalized at 8240–8260 Å. Gravity-sensitive spectral features are labeled. The y-scale is logarithmic and the y-range is not the same amongst the spectra figures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-red-optical-spectral-sequence-of-low-gravity-l0-l2-3erkrcd7.png Figure 2. Red-optical spectral sequence of low-gravity L0–L2 dwarfs (black, γ : very low gravity, β: intermediate low gravity) and normal-gravity spectral standards (L0: red; L1: purple; L2: blue). Within each subtype, objects are plotted from top to bottom in decreasing order of the prominence of their low-gravity features with the normal-gravity spectral standard shown last (thick solid). The spectral standard is also overplotted on the low-gravity spectra (dotted). The spectrum of 2M 0712−61 (L1β) has been corrected for telluric absorption. All data are normalized at 8240–8260 Å. Gravity-sensitive spectral features are labeled. The wavelength region most affected by gravity (7300–8000 Å) and the relatively gravity-insensitive neighboring region (8000–8400 Å) are demarcated by dashed lines. The y-scale is logarithmic and the y-range is not the same from panel to panel. https://scispace.com/papers/young-people-in-the-labor-market-improvement-or-stagnation-31880pwrcu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-professionally-active-persons-in-century-3hnin6sj.png Figure 1. Number of professionally active persons in century 15–24 years in Poland and of the European Union in years 2008–2012 (in the thousand) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-jobless-total-in-century-15-24-years-in-poland-and-12utedgt.png Figure 3. Jobless total in century 15–24 years in Poland and of the European Union in years 2008–2012 (in the thousand) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-activity-rates-of-the-population-in-century-15-24-28jsf1qq.png Table 1. Activity rates of the population in century 15–24 years in Poland and of the European Union in years 2008–2012 (in %) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-unemployment-rate-of-persons-in-century-15-24-years-27hn2buk.png Table 4. Unemployment rate of persons in century 15–24 years according to levels of education and the sex in years 2008–2012 in Poland and of the European Union https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-unemployment-rate-in-years-2008-2012-amongst-persons-t6q3w8fg.png Table 3. Unemployment rate in years 2008–2012 amongst persons in century 15–24 years in the division into the sex (in %) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-indicators-of-the-employment-of-persons-in-century-qo0drdoj.png Table 2. Indicators of the employment of persons in century 15–24 years in the European Union and Poland in years 2008–2012 (in %) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-the-employed-in-century-15-24-years-in-2wtcpq2d.png Figure 2. Number of the employed in century 15–24 years in Poland and of the European Union in years 2008–2012 (in the thousand) https://scispace.com/papers/young-people-and-alcohol-an-econometric-analysis-3sg9x50i6f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definition-of-variables-3s3x8wkr.png Table 1 Definition of variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-negative-binomial-models-for-frequency-of-drinking-2li1ycjv.png Table 3 Negative binomial models for frequency of drinking beer III, wine, spirits, beer II and illicit alcohol the previous 30 days. Significant marginal effects presented. Standard errors within parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-tobit-models-for-intensity-of-drinking-beer-iii-wine-115vr7nr.png Table 4 Tobit models for intensity of drinking beer III, wine, Spirits, beer II and illicit alcohol the previous 30 days. Significant marginal effects presented. Standard errors within parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-probit-models-for-binge-drinking-and-for-1rz6cnkm.png Table 2 Probit models for binge drinking and for participation in consumption during the previous 30 days. Significant marginal effects presented. Standard errors within parentheses. https://scispace.com/papers/young-onset-diabetes-in-asian-indians-is-associated-with-fwtv53x8v8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bar-graphs-of-asian-indians-blue-indiab-and-orange-3lukgrq2.png Figure 1. Bar graphs of Asian Indians (blue -INDIAB and orange-DMDSC) and white Europeans (grey-ESDC) with early onset diabetes by proportion belonging to each BMI category. Normal BMI for Asian Indians was <23 kg/m2, overweight: 23-25kg/m2, obese: >25kg/m2. Normal BMI for white European population is <25 kg/m2, overweight 25-30 kg/m2 and obese >30 kg/m2 [16]. ]. Early onset for both ethnicities was defined as those diagnosed at 40 years or younger (Further data on cohorts available in Supplementary Figure 1 and Table 1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-characteristics-between-young-and-2vr6qd18.png Table 1. . Comparison of characteristics between young and older diagnosed Asian Indians https://scispace.com/papers/young-people-with-type-1-diabetes-of-non-white-ethnicity-and-4877gtjedf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multilevel-model-for-change-in-hba1c-during-the-arvuhbho.png Table 2. Multilevel model for change in HbA1c during the first six months post-diagnosis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-predicted-glycaemic-control-hba1c-trajectories-wjr81mkh.png Figure 1. Predicted glycaemic control (HbA1c) trajectories during the first six months post-diagnosis by ethnicity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multilevel-model-for-change-in-hba1c-during-the-h5h2jrbg.png Table 3. Multilevel model for change in HbA1c during the first six months post-diagnosis adjusted for pH levels at diagnosis https://scispace.com/papers/young-women-s-positive-and-negative-perceptions-of-self-in-2zpryafjsy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-conflicting-messages-regarding-fashion-beauty-and-11fpjtza.png Table 1 Conflicting Messages Regarding Fashion, Beauty and the Body https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-conflicting-messages-on-womanhood-3m0f94gy.png Table 2 Conflicting Messages on Womanhood https://scispace.com/papers/your-money-or-your-life-managing-health-managing-money-2p9uk009ao 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ncd-and-health-behaviors-mean-comparison-oxloeq5m.png TABLE 3 NCD and Health Behaviors: Mean Comparison https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-comparing-the-effect-of-health-behaviors-on-having-2boh5gen.png TABLE 7 Comparing the Effect of Health Behaviors on Having NCD across NCD Size https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unweighted-descriptive-statistics-of-the-sample-2d5xe0p0.png TABLE 2 Unweighted Descriptive Statistics of the Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-probit-models-estimates-of-the-effect-of-having-ncd-2xen4m2w.png TABLE 6 Probit Models: Estimates of the Effect of Having NCD of Psychological Distress measure (K-6) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-restrictions-and-sample-size-246bop9z.png TABLE 1 Data Restrictions and Sample Size https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-fixed-effects-estimates-of-the-effect-of-obesity-and-2t4dqy5l.png TABLE 5 Fixed Effects Estimates of the Effect of Obesity and Smoking on the Probability of Having NCD https://scispace.com/papers/youtube-can-do-better-getting-the-most-out-of-video-51je3kjm32 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-isotonic-regression-result-showing-the-relationship-i9sle8qh.png Figure 2. Isotonic regression result showing the relationship between Bytes shown to the user B and resulting average playback quality for video vbLLqaa9ksw. 336 video views are used in this regression. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-the-difference-between-the-observed-31a3hzo8.png Figure 4. Distribution of the difference between the observed mean video quality and the optimally achievable mean video quality according to the optimization problem from Section III-B and the heuristic from [2]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-initial-delay-for-the-two-optimization-data-sets-aqu67ofu.png Figure 5. Initial delay for the two optimization data sets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-distribution-of-the-number-of-switches-per-minute-2k6krkd5.png Figure 6. Distribution of the number of switches per minute for the heuristic and the optimization. Very similar results for both data sets that were created by the optimization approach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-request-schedule-from-one-of-the-experiment-1lfked7i.png Figure 1. Example request schedule from one of the experiment runs [2]. From 30 s to 90 s overlaps can be observed where low quality (144p) is replaced by higher quality levels (240p, 360p and 480p). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-overview-of-the-data-sets-used-in-this-work-q8e5lfqs.png Table I OVERVIEW OF THE DATA SETS USED IN THIS WORK. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-playback-quality-compared-to-stalling-106ng00x.png Figure 3. Average playback quality compared to stalling events per minute as observed in the experimental data set. Average playback quality is clustered using k-means with 40 bins. On average, every 0.6 minutes a stalling event can be observed. Average playback quality and stalling events are highly correlated and show osculating behavior. https://scispace.com/papers/yttrium-hydride-nanoantennas-for-active-plasmonics-n40xeb8q7c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4b-in-the-manuscript-and-fig-s2b-can-be-explained-by-36us4vdi.png Fig. 4b in the manuscript and Fig. S2b can be explained by fabrication differences between the two samples and different ages and quality of the platinum caplayer. https://scispace.com/papers/zad-domain-is-essential-for-nuclear-localization-of-43p1cokgm9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-multiple-sequence-alignment-of-drosophila-zad-domain-3i0cte0m.png Fig. 1. Multiple sequence alignment of Drosophila ZAD-domain amino-acid sequences. Red arrow indicates the position of conserved arginine. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-immunocytochemical-staining-of-s2-cells-expressing-4m37kyry.png Fig. 4. Immunocytochemical staining of S2-cells expressing proteins with a disrupted ZAD-domain and wild-type proteins fused with the 3xFLAG-peptide. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-of-chemical-cross-linking-with-glutaraldehyde-ua1yc4id.png Fig. 3. Results of chemical cross-linking with glutaraldehyde (GA) of the wild-type Zw5 ZAD-domain and the domain with R14G mutation, fused with Thioredoxine (TRX). Protein concentration is 10 µМ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-crystal-structure-of-zad-domain-dimer-from-grau-19rhlvj9.png Fig. 2. А – Crystal structure of ZAD-domain dimer from Grau protein (1PZW in PDB). Hydrogen bonds between R5 (residue homological to R14 of Zeste-white 5 protein) and Q74 are shown; also shown are four cysteines coordinating the zinc-ion. B – Domain structure of the Zeste-white 5, Pita, and Grauzone proteins. https://scispace.com/papers/zebrafish-as-a-possible-bioindicator-of-organic-pollutants-58833n8d3i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-survival-rate-of-zebrafish-danio-rerio-specimens-1aqvrk8h.png Table 1 Survival rate of zebrafish (Danio rerio) specimens cultured in different waters according to their source at 5 dpf and 5 mpf in F0 and F0 offspring (F1). https://scispace.com/papers/zenk-expression-in-the-auditory-pathway-of-black-capped-3jkjwngbx8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spectrograms-of-playback-stimuli-chick-a-dee-call-3gk8igl8.png Figure 2: Spectrograms of Playback Stimuli. Chick-a-dee call with: A) 2 D notes and low duty 302 cycle, B) 2 D notes and high duty cycle, C) 10 D notes and high duty cycle, D) 2 D notes and 303 high duty cycle, but with the call played in reverse. 304 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-chick-a-dee-call-note-types-spectrogram-c2i0w31i.png Figure 1: Example of chick-a-dee call note types: Spectrogram of a chick-a-dee call demonstrating the four note types: A, B, C, and D. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-zenk-expression-by-playback-condition-a-2bx6xk54.png Figure 3: Average ZENK expression by playback condition. A repeated measure ANOVA 308 showed that there was no significant difference between playback conditions, F(3,16) = 1.199, p 309 = 0.342. The bar graph shows the mean ZENK expression across all areas (standardized across 310 individuals), with error bars representing the SEM. 311 312 313 314 https://scispace.com/papers/zero-content-augmented-caches-1vexvvy1bx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-simulated-machine-parameters-244e7qtv.png Table 3: Simulated machine parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-impact-of-a-zca-l3-cache-and-null-block-rate-on-mpki-rv4ourx8.png Table 4: Impact of a ZCA L3 cache and null block rate on MPKI, IPC, memory write traffic and global memory traffic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-normalized-ipc-and-mpki-reduction-for-various-zca-181regpw.png Figure 6: Normalized IPC and MPKI reduction for various ZCA cache configurations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-null-block-access-per-kilo-instruction-napki-and-10hzaomy.png Table 1: Null block Access Per Kilo-Instruction (NAPKI) and Access Per Kilo-Instruction (APKI) on a 32KB L1 data cache, a 256KB L2 and a 1MB L3 cache with 64B blocks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-code-section-manipulating-large-number-of-null-g65ssho5.png Figure 2: A code section manipulating large number of null blocks in mesa. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-relative-speed-up-shared-l3-2mb-1spr1tfu.png Table 5: Relative speed-up, shared L3 2MB https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-normalized-ipc-during-execution-from-beginning-to-6i2gbotj.png Figure 7: Normalized IPC during execution from beginning to 50.109 instructions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-multicore-architecture-simulated-370suqts.png Figure 9: Multicore architecture simulated https://scispace.com/papers/zero-duality-gap-in-optimal-power-flow-problem-26hdxyxsfp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-circuit-of-the-ieee-30-bus-system-taken-from-22-9dt9se9t.png Fig. 2. The circuit of the IEEE 30-bus system taken from [22]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-figures-a-b-and-c-depict-systems-1-2-and-3-studied-in-1ylehy6d.png Fig. 3. Figures (a), (b) and (c) depict Systems 1, 2 and 3 studied in Example 2, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-constraints-to-be-satisfied-for-the-systems-given-3py1a530.png TABLE II CONSTRAINTS TO BE SATISFIED FOR THE SYSTEMS GIVEN IN FIGURE 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-of-the-systems-given-in-figure-3-30ioicr3.png TABLE I PARAMETERS OF THE SYSTEMS GIVEN IN FIGURE 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-lagrange-multipliers-obtained-by-solving-akznweit.png TABLE IV LAGRANGE MULTIPLIERS OBTAINED BY SOLVING OPTIMIZATION 2 FOR THE SYSTEMS GIVEN IN FIGURE 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-parameters-of-the-opf-problem-recovered-from-the-28o6szwo.png TABLE III PARAMETERS OF THE OPF PROBLEM RECOVERED FROM THE SOLUTION OF OPTIMIZATION 2. https://scispace.com/papers/zero-field-spin-splitting-and-spin-lifetime-in-n-insb-in1-1s74rsod20 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-calculated-results-for-the-bia-so-coupling-1avolhzj.png FIG. 3. a Calculated results for the BIA SO coupling parameters and as a function of QW width W for fixed Fermi energy EF=40 meV, which show calculated from kz 2 dashed line and bulk /W 2 dot-dashed line for comparison. b Calculated parameters and − as a function of barrier asymmetry for a 20 nm QW with fixed carrier density ns=2.6 10 11 cm−2; the solid lines are a guide to the eyes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-squared-effective-magnetic-field-perpendicular-to-6vs5m9tx.png FIG. 7. Squared effective magnetic field perpendicular to spins oriented in the 11̄0 direction averaged over the Fermi circle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conduction-band-profiles-v-z-of-a-typical-doped-in0-1spzs3bv.png FIG. 1. Conduction band profiles V z of a typical -doped In0.8Al0.2Sb / InSb / In0.85Al0.15Sb 20 nm QW with spacer thickness S=20 nm left axis , and corresponding normalized wave function z of the first subband right axis at 10 K. The hatched region represents a schematic of the doping profile used. The doping density Nd and resulting carrier density ns for this solution are given. The axis is normalized to VQW 0 =0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-calculated-spin-orbit-splitting-at-the-fermi-energy-9z1g2qxd.png FIG. 4. a Calculated spin-orbit splitting at the Fermi energy as a function of k = kx ,ky for three 15 nm QW heterostructures with kF=0.81 10 8 m−1 dotted line , kF=1.26 108 m−1 solid line , and kF=1.81 10 8 m−1 dashed line , which show strong anisotropy in the 110 and 11̄0 directions due to the presence of both SIA and BIA. 2 / kF 2 1 for the data shown. b Fraction of the total averaged spin splitting contributed from BIA as a function of carrier density for the different well widths. The dashed line indicates the point when both SIA and BIA equally contribute to Etot kF . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-results-for-the-calculation-of-s-110-as-a-function-1tx947ie.png FIG. 6. a Results for the calculation of s 11̄0 as a function of ns for all InSb / In1−xAlxSb structures. Data are presented on a log10 scale. The solid lines are guide to the eyes. b Spin relaxation rate s 11̄0 −1 as a function of ns for the 15 nm QW data showing the separate contributions from terms proportional to ns, ns 2, and ns 3 in Eq. 13 . The inset shows the contributions for the 25 nm QW data for comparison where a turnover is observed at lower ns axes are in the same units . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-used-in-the-spm-calculations-at-10-k-ref-2jdq2mn4.png TABLE I. Parameters used in the SPM calculations at 10 K Ref. 37 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-calculated-results-for-the-sia-so-coupling-parameter-1u6tcgah.png FIG. 2. Calculated results for the SIA SO coupling parameter as a function of ns for a the various well widths considered open symbols along with the k-linear BIA term for comparison closed symbols , and b for a 20 nm QW showing the contributions from the field and interface terms. The inset of a shows the two components of the field term F, which result in the observed dependence on ns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-calculated-spin-lifetimes-for-the-spin-component-1iiyq4q7.png FIG. 5. Calculated spin lifetimes for the spin component directed along 11̄0 as a function of the ratio of BIA and SIA k-linear parameters for a 15 nm QW dashed line and 30 nm QW dotteddashed line with kF=1.26 108 m−1. Data for a 15 nm QW structure with kF=0.8 10 8 m−1 crossed and dashed line and the result of taking =0 solid line are plotted for comparison. Data are presented on a log10 scale for ease of comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/zero-knowledge-proof-systems-for-qma-3yvp0ren5z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-commitment-to-a-fixed-tuple-p0-a0-b0-the-fpjkfhcy.png Figure 6: The commitment to a fixed tuple (π0, a0, b0), the simulator S1, and the dishonest verifier action V ′2 may be merged into a single efficiently implementable action V ′ that represents an attack against the encoding scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-cheating-verifier-v-aims-to-extract-knowledge-2lkhjlu2.png Figure 7: A cheating verifier V ′ aims to extract knowledge from the encoding of a register X. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-simulation-of-the-process-shown-in-figure-7-is-28ucfn0h.png Figure 8: The simulation of the process shown in Figure 7 is nearly identical to that process, except that it uses the random string r to encode a state ρr that is guaranteed to pass the challenge corresponding to r, rather than encoding the witness state ρ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-an-arbitrary-n-qubit-state-x-is-encoded-and-the-17qzq02g.png Figure 9: An arbitrary n-qubit state ξ is encoded, and the cheating verifier V ′ and predicate Q for a fixed choice of a string r interact as depicted. It will be proved that the channels obtained by substituting ρ and ρr for ξ are approximately equal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-clifford-circuit-encoder-for-the-7-qubit-steane-wrrkdzh3.png Figure 12: A Clifford circuit encoder for the 7-qubit Steane code. Hereafter we will write U7 to refer to the unitary operator on 7 qubits described by this circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-provers-one-time-pad-merged-with-the-cheating-3awqz5wy.png Figure 10: The prover’s one-time pad merged with the cheating verifier operation V ′r . Averaging over random choices of c and d results in a process that can alternatively be described as illustrated in the lower diagram. In this process, V ′′r represents a so-called quantum instrument, which transforms Z0 into Z2 and produces a classical measurement outcome. In this case, this classical measurement outcome is XORed onto the string produced by a standard basis measurement. (In this figure and the next, one should interpret Cr and C∗r as referring to the transversal application of the corresponding Clifford operation.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-7-qubit-steane-code-allows-for-the-transversal-25qfxe1y.png Figure 13: The 7-qubit Steane code allows for the transversal application of Clifford operations. That is, the circuits on the left are equivalent to the corresponding circuits on the right. In general, the application of any Clifford operation on k qubits prior to being encoded is equivalent to the entry-wise complex conjugate of that Clifford operation being applied 7 times to the 7k qubits that encode the original k qubits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-potentially-dishonest-verifier-takes-an-auxiliary-3f3tz49b.png Figure 3: A potentially dishonest verifier takes an auxiliary quantum register Z0 as input, may store quantum information (represented by registers Z1 and Z2), and outputs quantum information stored in register Z3. https://scispace.com/papers/zero-point-vibrational-corrections-to-isotropic-hyperfine-300gxdvt3z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-main-vibrational-modes-contributing-to-the-harmonic-83womitm.png Fig. 3 Main vibrational modes contributing to the harmonic ZPVCs to the isotropic HFCCs of the H(1,3) and H(b) hydrogens in the cyclobutenyl radical. For each depicted vibrational mode we give in parenthesis: the name of hydrogen, magnitude of the partial q2Aisoeff /qQ 2 K derivative in G/au 2, and contribution of this mode to the total harmonic ZPVC in percent. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-five-allylic-radicals-investigated-in-this-work-1peakhdu.png Fig. 1 The five allylic radicals investigated in this work: allyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, bicyclo[3.1.0]hexenyl and 1-hydronaphthyl. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-molecular-orbitals-of-the-1-hydronaphtyl-radical-and-1v528499.png Fig. 5 Molecular orbitals of the 1-hydronaphtyl radical and the main vibrational modes contributing to the harmonic ZPVC to the isotropic HFCC of the central H(2) hydrogen in this radical. For each depicted vibrational mode we give in parenthesis: the name of hydrogen, magnitude of the partial q2Aisoeff /qQ 2 K derivative in G/au2, and contribution of this mode to the total harmonic ZPVC https://scispace.com/papers/zero-temperature-2d-stochastic-ising-model-and-anisotropic-1bh0lonbwq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-graphic-description-of-the-support-function-h-27trkg39.png Figure 1. A graphic description of the support function h. Given θ, consider the point x(θ) of γ that maximizes x · v(θ) (it is unique if the curve is strictly convex). Then h(θ) = x(θ) · v(θ), and k(θ) is the norm of the curvature vector of γ (bold vector) at x(θ). If the tangent to γ at x exists it is normal to v(θ) and |h(θ)| is the distance between the tangent and the origin. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-one-to-one-correspondence-between-the-dynamics-in-a-3h7tvx6c.png Figure 3. One-to-one correspondence between the dynamics in a rectangle with mixed boundary conditions and the corner-flip dynamics on paths. A possible spin update together with the equivalent corner-flip are represented https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-left-the-height-function-associated-to-the-cb9wlpio.png Figure 11. Left: the height function associated to the “+/−” boundary for the dynamics σ(3)(t). Right: the same height function, with one of the highest columns removed; this follows the same evolution as in Theorem 3.4. The fact that the new interface is step shorter makes no difference in the macroscopic limit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-light-colored-resp-dark-colored-squares-denote-1ec43n6y.png Figure 10. Light-colored (resp. dark-colored) squares denote “−” (resp. “+”) spins. In our modified dynamics σ(3), when a spin has three “+” neighbors, it is instantaneously turned to “+”. On the figure, if spin at A is updated and turns to “+”, then the spin B has three “+” neighbors and therefore also turns instantaneously to “+”. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-larger-convex-set-is-d-and-the-smaller-one-is-3vfbfb2z.png Figure 12. The larger convex set is D and the smaller one is D(ε(1− δ)). The poles Pi of D are marked with black dots (for convenience we have chosen P1 one the vertical axis and P2 on the horizontal one). The graph in (f1, f2) of the anticlockwise portion of ∂D between A and B is f(·, 0) and the graph in (e1, e2) of the portion of ∂D between P4 and P2 is h(·, 0). For the proof of (6.11), boundary spins to the left of ℓ1 are set to “−” below P1 and “+” above; boundary spins below ℓ2 are set to “−” to the left of P2 and “+” to the right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-large-droplet-is-d-and-1-e-a-d-d-is-obtained-by-2mnu67fk.png Figure 8. The large droplet is D and (1−(ε(α+δ)))D is obtained by removing the external dark layer. The white central region U , together with A1, B1 and its rotations (deformed rectangular regions) form a partition of (1− ε(α+ δ))D . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-curve-g-d-and-the-coordinate-systems-e1-e2-and-2bg6h4nb.png Figure 2. The curve γ = ∂D and the coordinate systems (e1, e2) and (f1, f2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-light-colored-resp-dark-colored-zones-330v7t3u.png Figure 6. The light-colored (resp. dark-colored) zones correspond M(ε, ξ) (resp. N(ε, ξ)) and its rotations. Together, they form a partition of the complement of (1− ε(α − δ))D (white central region). https://scispace.com/papers/zif-polymorphs-for-nucleic-acid-delivery-and-targeted-54fj8e1kr6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-synthesis-and-characterisation-of-na-zif-c-a-khn4yeth.png Figure 1. Synthesis and characterisation of NA@ZIF-C. (A) Schematic of synthesis of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cellular-delivery-and-efficiency-of-sirna-and-gcukmtri.png Figure 2. Cellular delivery and efficiency of siRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 using ZIF-C. (A-D) Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) images of (A) Untreated PC-3 cells. (B) PC-3 cells transfected with TAMRA labelled oligoNA@ZIF-C at 96 hours, (C) PC-3 cells transfected with EGCG coated TAMRA labelled oligoNA@ZIF-C at 96 hours, and (D) PC-3 cells transfected with TAMRA labelled oligoNA@LipofectamineTM 3000 at 24 hours. Blue – cell population as seen by Hoechst 33342 nuclear stain. Red – fluorescence due to TAMRA label, scale bar 100µm. (E) Efficiency of RNAi using siRPSA biocomposites. RPSA mRNA knockdown of expression (%KD) determined from qPCR results. (F) Efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 using crRPSA biocomposites. RPSA genomic cleavage detection (%GCD) determined from agarose gel electrophoresis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-on-rpsa-kd-using-zif-c-delivered-rnai-and-1ep0ugr9.png Figure 3. Effect on RPSA KD using ZIF-C delivered RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9. (A) RPSA fold expression as calculated from qPCR. Replicate data points shown. (B) Cellular viability of PC-3 cells after 3.5 hour treatment with NA@ZIF-C biocomposites at 24, 48, 72 delivery and 96 hours. (C) Schematic of proposed gene knock down mechanism at cytoplasmic level on of RNAi@ZIF-C (left) versus chromosomal level on delivery of CRISPR/Cas9plasmid@ZIF-C (right). https://scispace.com/papers/zinc-ii-and-cadmium-ii-coordination-polymers-containing-3ufit0cr5j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-structure-of-2-showing-a-part-of-an-infinite-2d-stkigoo6.png Fig. 2. The structure of 2, showing (a) part of an infinite 2D layer, and (b) the 2D topological network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-structure-of-12-showing-a-part-of-an-infinite-2d-3kti6zg4.png Fig. 12. The structure of 12, showing (a) part of an infinite 2D layer, and (b) the 2D topological network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-structure-of-8-showing-two-parallel-1d-polymers-3kv6gmtd.png Fig. 8. The structure of 8, showing two parallel 1D polymers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-crystal-data-and-structure-refinement-parameters-for-21dyowuf.png Table 2. Crystal data and structure refinement parameters for complexes 8-14 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-structure-of-9-showing-a-part-of-an-infinite-2d-aeeoturv.png Fig. 9. The structure of 9, showing (a) part of an infinite 2D layer, and (b) the 2D topological network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-structure-of-4-showing-a-part-of-an-infinite-2d-937416xo.png Fig. 4. The structure of 4, showing (a) part of an infinite 2D layer, and (b) the 2D topological network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-structure-of-11-showing-a-part-of-an-infinite-2d-2qejohi7.png Fig. 11. The structure of 11, showing (a) part of an infinite 2D layer, and (b) the 2D topological network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-part-of-one-of-the-nanotubes-present-in-the-structure-3hrhnvch.png Fig. 3. Part of one of the nanotubes present in the structure of 3. https://scispace.com/papers/zinc-isotopes-in-heds-clues-to-the-formation-of-4-vesta-and-3myq8gztzp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-three-isotope-plot-of-zn-isotopic-measurements-in-hed-dzec52k3.png Fig. 1. Three-isotope plot of Zn isotopic measurements in HED meteorites and one mesosiderite. With the exceptions of PCA 82502 (more negative) and the other Antarctic eucrites (more positive), all d66Zn values fall between 0 ± 2&. All data plot on the mass-dependent fractionation line of slope 1.978. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-d66zn-ranges-for-different-group-of-meteorites-lunar-32b4zb6y.png Fig. 2. d66Zn ranges for different group of meteorites, lunar samples and terrestrial igneous rocks. Vertical broken lines show the range for terrestrial basalts, +0.2& to +0.6&; solid lines represent the heterogeneity range of non-Antarctic HEDs, 0 ± 2&. References: a – this work; b– Luck et al., 2005; Moynier et al., 2007; c – Luck et al., 2005 ; d – Paniello et al., 2009; Moynier et al., 2010; e – Moynier et al., 2010; f – Moynier et al., 2006; Herzog et al., 2009; g – Ben Othman et al., 2003, 2006; Cloquet et al., 2008; this study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-d66zn-values-as-a-function-of-zn-concentration-overall-17vdwxcl.png Fig. 3. d66Zn values as a function of Zn concentration. Overall, no correlation was found (upper plot); but a loose correlation (R2 = 0.8271) was seen among the Antarctic meteorite samples (lower plot). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-zinc-isotope-measurements-for-hed-meteorites-and-zosst5bo.png Table 1 Zinc isotope measurements for HED meteorites and terrestrial standards. https://scispace.com/papers/zinc-oxide-films-grown-by-galvanic-deposition-from-99-metals-57thxdg50g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-electrochemical-deposition-set-up-v4g7citb.png Fig. 1 Schematic of the electrochemical deposition set-up used for the ZnO films presented here. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-raman-spectra-for-zno-al-films-grown-with-pre-jhobqzoz.png Fig. 8 Raman spectra for ZnO:Al films grown with pre-deposition activation on (a) SnO2:F and (b) ZnO:Al templates. The spectra labels are assigned as follows: (I) 99.998%, intrinsic; (II) 99%, intrinsic; (III) 99.998%, Al doped and (IV) 99%, Al doped. The peak positions for ZnO are indicated by the vertical dotted lines while those for SnO2 are marked by asterisks. Measurements were taken at room temperature with a Raman excitation wavelength of 458 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-for-electrochemically-grown-1hl1iyuq.png Fig. 6 X-ray diffraction patterns for electrochemically grown ZnO films on SnO2:F templates. Peak positions for wurtzite ZnO are indicated by dotted lines while those corresponding to SnO2 are labelled with asterisks. Prior to the deposition, the substrate was activated by applying a negative bias of 2.06 V relative to a platinum pseudo reference electrode for 10 s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-raman-spectra-for-zno-al-films-grown-without-pre-1twvwbe3.png Fig. 7 Raman spectra for ZnO:Al films grown without pre-deposition activation on (a) SnO2:F and (b) ZnO:Al templates. The labels on the curves correspond to films grown from (I) 99% purity electrolyte with Al doping, (II) 99% purity electrolyte without doping and (III) 99.998% purity electrolyte without doping. The peak positions for ZnO are indicated by the vertical dotted lines while those for SnO2 are marked https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-top-view-sem-images-of-a-sno2-f-template-zno-on-sno2-f-187njwm6.png Fig. 4 Top view SEM images of (a) SnO2:F template, ZnO on SnO2:F from (b) 99% Zn (NO3)2 with Al doping, (c) 99% Zn (NO3)2 and (d) 99.998% Zn (NO3)2; (e) sputtered ZnO:Al template, ZnO on ZnO:Al template from (f) 99% Zn (NO3)2 and (g) 99% Zn (NO3)2 and (h) a crosssection SEM image of the film in (d). The deposition conditions were 0.5 mA cm 2 applied current density, an electrolyte temperature of 62 Cwith constant stirring at 90 rpm. The thick white bars represent a scale of 1 mm. Images in (a) to (g) have the same magnification. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cross-section-sem-images-with-a-30-tilt-of-zno-films-3h9yyyls.png Fig. 5 Cross-section SEM images, with a 30 tilt, of ZnO films grown on SnO2:F templates from (a) 99.998% Zn (NO3)2, (b) 99% Zn (NO3)2, (c) 99.998% Zn (NO3)2 with Al doping, (d) 99% Zn (NO3)2 with Al doping and (e) a bare SnO2:F template for reference. The deposition conditions were 10 s potentiostatic activation, 0.25 mA cm 2 applied current density, an electrolyte temperature of 62 C with constant stirring at 90 rpm. The thick white bar in (a) represents a length of 1 mm and all images are of the same magnification. https://scispace.com/papers/zinc-sufficiency-status-and-covid-19-mortality-in-socially-21yuhao20e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-analysis-of-covid-19-mortality-and-3umpz25p.png Table 2. Correlation Analysis of COVID-19 mortality and incidence with Zinc sufficiency of populations. https://scispace.com/papers/zircon-and-quartz-inclusions-in-garnet-used-for-13wpqt04b6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-entrapment-temperature-as-a-function-of-almandine-39ezlbfy.png Fig. 6. (A) Entrapment temperature as a function of almandine composition in 792 alm-prp mixture. The specific volume of garnet is averaged based on molar fraction. 793 The curves show entrapment temperature at different residual zircon inclusion 794 pressures. The entrapment pressure is fixed at 1GPa. It is shown that the alm-prp ratio 795 may pose significant influence on entrapment temperature, up to ca. 200oC in extreme 796 case of pure endmember. (B) Endmember molar fractions of two “annealed” garnet 797 crystals ca. 1mm size each in sample HA10-90. Almandine is enriched at the garnet 798 rim and pyrope is enriched at the garnet core. Grossular and spessartine are relatively 799 homogeneous. The yellow dots on garnet denote the measurement points. 800 801 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-raman-shift-of-a-pressurized-zircon-inclusion-as-a-dxzzftnr.png Fig. 10. Raman shift of a pressurized zircon inclusion as a function of applied laser 833 power. The laser power is controlled by combining different filters (reduction of the 834 incident laser power by 90%, 50% and 33%). No burning effect of the garnet and 835 zircon has been observed (see the zircon inclusion after applying the maximal laser 836 power). The residence time of the laser is ca. 30s. The Raman shift dramatically 837 decreases when the laser power is higher than ca. 20mW, potentially due to the local 838 heating at the focus point by the laser beam. A safe laser power is determined to be 839 <10~20mW, where no significant variation of Raman shift is observed. In this study, 840 we keep <5mW laser power with ca. 30s residence time. 841 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-raman-spectra-containing-several-zircon-peaks-at-3k3ye39a.png Fig. 2. Raman spectra containing several zircon peaks at wavenumbers around 202, 745 214, 224, 356, 439, 975 and 1008cm-1. Neon light (ca. 275cm-1) is used for internal 746 calibration. Zircon peak at 356cm-1 can be clearly observed but is significantly 747 interfered by the garnet peak, thus it is not used in this work. The zircon peaks at 214 748 and 224cm-1 often partially overlap with each other and can be interfered by garnet 749 peak at 210~220cm-1. The visible garnet peaks are around 350, 500, 560, 870, 920 750 and 1040cm-1 (Kolesov and Geiger 1998). It is shown that the wavenumbers of the 751 Raman peaks at 356, 975 and 1008cm-1 all increase significantly for high pressure 752 inclusion. The positive shift of 439cm-1 peak is less significant compared to the other 753 pressure sensitive peaks as its pressure derivative is only 1.45cm-1/GPa (5.77cm-1/GPa 754 for 1008cm-1 peak, 5.16cm-1/GPa for 975cm-1 peak, 4.56cm-1/GPa for 356cm-1 peak). 755 The low-wavenumber zircon peaks at 202, 214, 224cm-1 shift only slightly even if 756 pressure is high. 757 758 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-calculated-zircon-inclusion-pressure-isomekes-for-a97pc4ei.png Fig. 5. Calculated zircon inclusion pressure isomekes for different garnet endmembers. 782 Zircon EoS in Table 1 is used. The EoS of almandine, grossular and pyrope are based 783 on Milani et al. (2015) and spessartine is fitted based on the PVT data of Gréaux and 784 Yamada (2014) with EoSFit7c program (Angel et al. 2014a). Third-order 785 Birch-Murnaghan EoS and thermal pressure are applied (Holland and Powell 2011). 786 Regression is applied to obtain the residual zircon inclusion pressure as functions of 787 entrapment P-T conditions. The uncertainty for the regressed zircon pressure is 788 <0.01GPa. The pressure unit is GPa and temperature unit is oC. 789 790 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-residual-zircon-pressure-as-a-function-of-controlled-12eg8b9k.png Fig. 9. Residual zircon pressure as a function of controlled temperature on the stage. 824 The residual pressure is computed using the measured Raman shift of 1008cm-1 band 825 subtracted by the influence of temperature on the same Raman band (Schmidt et al. 826 2013). The blue curve is computed based on elastic model. The entrapment P-T 827 condition is taken at 2GPa and 700oC. The fitted slopes of pressure with respect to 828 final temperature based on calculation and experiment are shown in the figure. The 829 garnet composition is Alm0.45Prp0.40Grs0.14Sps0.01. 830 831 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-raman-shift-as-a-function-of-temperature-for-silicon-agvudmab.png Fig. 8. Raman shift as a function of temperature for silicon to verify the thermal setup 817 in the experiment. The blue curve is based on calculations from Cowley (1965). The 818 red circles are based on experimental measurements in Hart et al. (1970). In this study, 819 the error bar for spectral shift is ca. 0.2cm-1. 820 821 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-b-zircon-inclusion-pressure-based-on-the-parameter-ahfpgfsx.png Fig. 3. (A-B) Zircon inclusion pressure based on the parameter combinations 760 Δ𝜔1, Δ𝜔2 and Δ𝜔1, Δ𝜔3, respectively (Eq. 1 and 2). Red diamond markers indicate 761 the inclusions that are exposed at thin-section surface. At ca. 0.6GPa, a high-density 762 cluster is observed, potentially reflecting the peak entrapment temperature condition. 763 (C) Zircon pressure with respective to inclusion diameter (rounded to integer). No 764 clear correlation between inclusion size and residual pressure is found. (D-E) Quartz 765 inclusion pressures converted from Raman spectroscopic data. In (D), the 206cm-1 766 band yields slightly lower estimate of pressure, potentially due to the interference 767 from garnet at similar frequency. The maximal quartz pressure is ca. 0.65GPa based 768 on 128 and 464 cm-1 Raman bands. 769 770 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-a-shows-the-residual-zircon-inclusion-pressure-in-6qlecali.png Fig. 12. (A) shows the residual zircon inclusion pressure in pyrope garnet host based 854 on anisotropic model at different entrapment P-T conditions. The applied 855 thermo-elastic constants are in Table 3. (B) shows the calculated residual pressure 856 difference between anisotropic model and isotropic model. For isotropic model, only 857 the volume is used following Eq. 3. For most geologically relevant P-T conditions, the 858 difference of pressure between anisotropic and isotropic model is within 0.02GPa. (C) 859 and (D) show differential strain and stress, respectively. It is shown that both residual 860 strain and stress increase monotonically towards high entrapment P-T conditions. 861 862 https://scispace.com/papers/zirconia-translucency-and-cement-systems-as-factors-5aq1zo3ie1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-box-plot-for-translucency-data-1i8l1qqz.png Figure 2: Box Plot for Translucency data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-weibull-distributions-for-each-of-the-groups-28wwozea.png Figure 3: Weibull distributions for each of the groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-box-plot-for-flexural-strength-data-2fm8l0ov.png Figure 1: Box Plot for Flexural Strength data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sem-evaluation-of-ceramic-structure-341urgvr.png Figure 4: SEM evaluation of ceramic structure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-tested-aadva-zirconia-disks-3icc0ynk.png Table 1: Composition of tested Aadva Zirconia Disks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-and-statistical-significance-different-2zr4lmba.png Table 2: Results and statistical significance, different letters indicate different statistical significance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-clinical-recommendation-proposed-by-iso-6872-2015-tu74frvz.png Table 3: Clinical recommendation proposed by ISO 6872:2015 for dental ceramics. https://scispace.com/papers/zno-nanoestructured-layers-processing-with-morphology-4o5x55emib 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-color-online-transmittivity-for-zno-nanocolumns-a1njprgr.png Figure 6. (Color online) Transmittivity for ZnO nanocolumns obtained by galvanostatic electrodeposition ( 4 mA). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-color-online-transmittivity-for-zno-nanocolumns-2ybhimpv.png Figure 7. (Color online) Transmittivity for ZnO nanocolumns obtained by pulsed current electrodeposition ( 4 mA, ton¼ 1 s, toff¼ 1 s). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-color-online-cyclic-voltammetry-curve-of-zncl2-5-10-h3as3w88.png Figure 1. (Color online) Cyclic Voltammetry curve of ZnCl2 5 10 3 M and KCl 0.1 M solution, at 70 C. The Zinc hydroxides (A) and Zinc oxide (B) formation reactions are showed in detail. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-color-online-transmittivity-for-zno-nanocolumns-3chl63ib.png Figure 8. (Color online) Transmittivity for ZnO nanocolumns obtained by different pulsed current electrodeposition process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-color-online-optical-band-gap-for-zno-nanorods-wvk6z7c6.png Figure 10. (Color online) Optical Band gap for ZnO nanorods obtained by pulsed current electrodeposition. https://scispace.com/papers/zonal-flow-dynamics-and-control-of-turbulent-transport-in-ykihhtjklt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-linear-zf-responses-for-w7x-and-w7x10-see-text-the-1makxbx2.png FIG. 4. Linear ZF responses for W7X and W7X10% (see text). The vertical line denotes roughly the saturation time of turbulence, shown in Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-zf-time-traces-from-nonlinear-itg-simulations-for-w7x-3t5n50d0.png FIG. 5. ZF time traces from nonlinear ITG simulations for W7X and W7X10% (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-turbulent-heat-flux-levels-from-nonlinear-itg-1yfpaibm.png FIG. 6. Turbulent heat flux levels from nonlinear ITG simulations for W7X and W7X10% (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-linear-zf-potential-for-w7x-for-radial-wavenumbers-1k5h9mvi.png FIG. 3. Linear ZF potential for W7X for radial wavenumbers krρi = 0.0005, where GAM oscillations are pronounced, and krρi = 0.06, where ZF oscillations emerge. Here, ρi = Vti/Ωi, where Ωi is the ion gyrofrequency, and α denotes the (average) minor radius of the device. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-turbulent-heat-diffusivities-from-nonlinear-itg-t7zrlomr.png FIG. 2. Turbulent heat diffusivities from nonlinear ITG simulations produced by the GENE and GKV codes for two LHD configurations. Ln denotes the density gradient scale length. The parameters of the simulations are described in Ref.[4]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-zf-time-traces-from-nonlinear-itg-simulations-for-w7x-17cb1eec.png FIG. 8. ZF time traces from nonlinear ITG simulations for W7X-LM and W7X at ρ = 0.8α. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-linear-zf-responses-for-w7x-and-w7x-lm-at-radius-r-0-2uzdkey5.png FIG. 7. Linear ZF responses for W7X and W7X-LM at radius ρ = 0.8α. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-turbulent-heat-flux-levels-from-nonlinear-itg-2z98ucdw.png FIG. 9. Turbulent heat flux levels from nonlinear ITG simulations for W7X and W7X-LM at ρ = 0.8α. https://scispace.com/papers/zoo-sociocosmologia-qom-seres-humanos-animales-y-sus-153sn1smtj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-c-porcentaje-de-menciones-de-aves-y-mamiferos-1x7csyhx.png Fig. 3 ¢ Porcentaje de menciones de aves y mamíferos anunciantes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-c-comparacion-de-la-anatomia-externa-e-interna-2sgxn230.png Fig. 2 ¢ Comparación de la anatomía externa e interna. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-c-comunidades-qom-donde-se-realizo-trabajo-de-campo-145ca13o.png Fig. 1 ¢ Comunidades qom donde se realizó trabajo de campo. https://scispace.com/papers/zoned-cr-spinel-and-ferritchromite-alteration-in-forearc-21lyb9s9kz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ternary-diagram-of-atomic-cr3-fe3-al3-compositions-as-2qa2gi6q.png FIG. 7. Ternary diagram of atomic Cr3+ Fe3+ Al3+ compositions. As in Fig. 3, the magnetite in the Cuaba samples is low in Cr and plots in the field of ‘mag rims’. The field for ferritchromite and its compositional trend was obtained from data and diagrams given by Barnes and Roeder (2001), Pinsent and Hirst (1977) and Liipo et al. (1995b). Fields for greenschist, lower-amphibolite, upper-amphibolite and granulite-grade spinels were obtained from Evans and Frost (1975) and Suita and Strieder (1996), as cited by González-Jiménez et al. (2009). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-investigated-area-modified-from-draper-and-3bag9sbt.png FIG. 1. Map of the investigated area, modified from Draper and Nagle (1991) and Saumur et al. (2010). Cuaba serpentinites are found in the Rio Cuevas and Lomá Quita Espuela areas located near the Septentrional Fault Zone (SFZ) northeast of San Fransisco de Macoris. The location of the study area is shown in the inset. Inliers containing subduction related rocks are also shown: S, Samaná; PP, Palma Picada; PG, Pedro Garcia; PPC, Puerto Plata Complex; RSJC, Rio San Juan Complex. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-compositional-variation-along-the-transect-of-the-3urqnof4.png FIG. 6. Compositional variation along the transect of the zoned Cr-spinel grain shown in Fig. 4e,f (from sample RD 48). The Fe3+ contents are calculated assuming stoichiometric composition of Cr-spinel. (a) Major elements and (b) minor elements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-mg-si-vs-al-si-bulk-rock-weight-ratios-of-2menq7ow.png FIG. 2. The Mg/Si vs. Al/Si bulk rock weight ratios of serpentinites in the Cuaba Unit, modified from Saumur et al. (2010). The compositional variations expected during progressive partial melting are shown by the arrows, and primitive mantle values (P.M.) are taken from McDonough and Sun (1995). Bulk-rock compositions of Cuaba Unit serpentinites reported by Saumur et al. (2010) are consistent with a forearc mantle origin. Data sources are as follows: Mariana forearc serpentinites (Ishii et al., 1992; Parkinson and Pearce, 1998); serpentinites from Talnakh, Himalayas (Guillot et al., 2001); forearc serpentinites from the northern Caribbean margin (Bowin et al., 1966; Hattori and Guillot, 2007; Saumur et al., 2010); and abyssal peridotite (Abyssal Per., Niu, 2004; Oceanic DR Serp, Saumur et al., 2010). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-representative-clinochlore-mg-dominant-chlorite-1c6y0hec.png TABLE 2. Representative clinochlore (Mg-dominant chlorite) compositions from the Rio San Juan Complex. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-composition-of-cores-and-rims-of-zoned-cr-spinels-a-cr-32leki89.png FIG. 3. Composition of cores and rims of zoned Cr-spinels; (a) Cr# vs. Mg# and (b) Fe3+# vs. Mg#. Open circles and squares represent the cores of grains and filled symbols represent the rims. One core rim pair represents one grain. The legend remains the same for subsequent figures. The forearc field is defined by spinel in peridotites from the Mariana Forearc (Ishii et al., 1992) and the abyssal peridotite field is after Dick and Bullen (1984). The field of metamorphic Cr-spinels was redrawn from Säntti et al. (2006) after Evans and Frost (1975). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-minor-element-contents-vs-mg-in-cr-spinel-symbols-are-33ij8gns.png FIG. 8. Minor-element contents vs. Mg# in Cr-spinel. Symbols are as in Fig. 3, with open symbols representing cores (primary compositions), and filled symbols representing rims. (a) ZnO vs. Mg#; (b) MnO vs. Mg#; (c) TiO2 vs. Mg#. The composition field for Cr-spinel in amphibolite-facies metamorphic rocks is based on data compiled by Barnes (2000) for Cr-spinel in metamorphosed komatiites (see text for discussion). Only those parts of the compositional space relevant to the Cuaba samples are shown. Chromium-spinel which has been metamorphosed under amphibolite-facies conditions commonly contains high Zn (up to ~8.0 wt.% ZnO) and Mn (up to ~2.7 wt.% MnO) which are beyond the values shown in these diagrams. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-examples-of-weakly-zoned-cr-spinels-a-transmitted-rjwi1gw6.png FIG. 4. Examples of weakly-zoned Cr-spinels. (a) Transmitted-light image of Cr-spinel, with pseudomorphic lizardite (Liz) forming the bulk of the serpentinite groundmass and minor magnetite (Mag) located at grain edges. (b) Backscattered-electron image of the grain shown in Fig. 3a. Darker zones within the Cr-spinel grain have slightly higher Cr#. Note the bright magnetite in the cracks. (c) Backscattered-electron image of Cr-spinel, generally not zoned except for patchy reflective zones near rims (upper part and lower right side of grain) which are due to lower Mg#. Highly reflective magnetite overgrowths occur in fractures within grains. The black material is lizardite. The embayed nature of the grain suggests a primary morphology. (d) Backscattered-electron image of weakly zoned Cr-spinel with slightly higher Fe in the rim. Magnetite fills cracks and surrounds the upper right corner of the spinel. https://scispace.com/papers/zoonotic-transmission-of-waterborne-disease-a-mathematical-233hj4wcnp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-showing-how-relevant-processes-within-the-1sjpd7h9.png Fig. 4 Schematic showing how relevant processes within the transmission model (from Figure 1) are linked to monitoring and risk assessment activities (blue boxes). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-graphical-representation-of-the-process-of-1mj39pff.png Fig. 1 Graphical representation of the process of environmentally-mediated transmission of protozoan infections from animals to humans, as described by the system of equations (6). The term oo/cyst is used to denote the free living life stage of a protozoa. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-values-and-constraints-used-in-optimising-2ttetehj.png Table 1 Parameter values and constraints used in optimising the parameters of (5) given ÎH = 76, ÎA = 150 and Ŵ = 150/(α(−η1000 − µ)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bifurcation-plot-showing-that-the-target-giardia-38c1m1ny.png Fig. 2 Bifurcation plot showing that the target Giardia prevalence of 7.6% (Feng and Xiao, 2011; Lasek-Nesselquist et al, 2009; Read et al, 2002) is attained in the human population with an R0H value of 1.082. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-change-in-parameter-values-for-changes-in-the-10re8qkc.png Table 2 Change in parameter values for changes in the equilibrium number of infectious humans ÎH ∈ [71, 81]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-variation-in-parameter-values-with-respect-to-the-rvikc7lf.png Fig. 3 The variation in parameter values with respect to the change in ÎH . https://scispace.com/papers/zoophycos-in-storm-affected-environments-a-case-study-from-3o74kgifwz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-lithofacies-1-a-fine-sandstone-amalgamated-beds-tq3fl1ds.png Figure 4. Lithofacies 1. A. Fine sandstone amalgamated beds composed of three main bed-divisions: a lower bed-division (a) composed of structureless sandstone with gutter casts; an intermediate beddivision (b) marked by dome-like bedforms composed of sigmoidal ripples and sand clasts; an upper bed-division (c) composed of wave ripples with peaked and rounded crests. B. Line interpretations. Scale: Pen = 14 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-zoophycos-skirt-like-morphotype-a-field-photograph-2dleh216.png Figure 8. Zoophycos – skirt-like morphotype. (A) Field photograph (inset – 3D scheme) and (B) line drawing showing helicoidal, lobate Zoophycos composed at least of three skirt-like lobes, fixed to shaft. (C) Field photograph and (D) line drawing showing the main structural elements of the skirt-like basic lobe. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-tj-2-zoophycos-rhodensis-morphotype-a-field-rya2icn2.png Figure 13. TJ-2 Zoophycos rhodensis morphotype. (A) Field photograph and (B) line drawing of basic lobe. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-area-a-location-of-tunisia-black-frame-area-1gsqru40.png Figure 1. Study area. (A) Location of Tunisia (black frame—area shown in (B)). (B) Paleogeographic map of the Tunisian realm during the Late Cretaceous (after Mejri, Burollet, and Ferjani 2006); white frame indicates location of the study area shown in (D); X, Y represent end points of cross-section shown in (C). (C) Schematic structural section across the Tunisian margin (after Martinez and Truillet 1987). (D) Paleogeographic situation in the study area in the Mateur-Beja area during the lower Maastrichtian and location of studied sections. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-lithofacies-2-a-fine-grained-limestone-and-marl-1zfb4ps9.png Figure 5. Lithofacies 2. (A) Fine-grained limestone and marl levels marked by dark-colored planar lamination. (B) Close-up view of dark-colored lamination showing light-grey and dark-grey planar laminations composed of asymmetrical sigmoidal ripples and wave ripples with peaked crests. Scale: Hammer = 34 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-basic-lobe-characteristics-of-the-of-the-studied-3ixg32s2.png Table 1. Basic lobe characteristics of the of the studied Zoophycos morphotypes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-zoophycos-tu-2-morphotypes-with-rust-colored-30pfm1i9.png Figure 11. Zoophycos TU-2 morphotypes with rust-colored marginal tube located in limestone bedding surface marked by red-marron iron-coating interpreted as condensed level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-tj-1-zoophycos-rhodensis-morphotype-a-field-cl2eo3mj.png Figure 12. TJ-1 Zoophycos rhodensis morphotype. (A) Field photograph, (B) line drawing and (C) schematic interpretations of TJ-1 basic lobe. https://scispace.com/papers/zro2-sba-15-catalysts-for-the-one-pot-cascade-synthesis-of-49zdlc4kfn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-influence-of-temperature-on-the-reaction-of-furfural-386jwdfh.png Fig. 3. Influence of temperature on the reaction of furfural over ZrO2-SBA-15 catalysts. Reaction conditions: furfural:2-propanol=1:50 (by mols); furfural:catalyst=2.5:1 (by mass). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physicochemical-properties-of-catalysts-2m3vysg8.png Table 1. Physicochemical properties of catalysts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-wide-angle-xrd-patterns-of-zro2-sba-15-and-pure-sba-15-1d3rg04k.png Fig. 1 Wide angle XRD patterns of ZrO2-SBA-15, and pure SBA-15 and tetragonal ZrO2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-apparent-first-order-pseudo-homogeneous-kinetic-1qztrddi.png Fig. 5. Apparent first-order pseudo-homogeneous kinetic constants (ki) at 170 °C for steps 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the reaction of furfural over ZrO2-SBA-15 catalysts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-product-distributions-obtained-with-zro2-sba-15-2-in-4-331z5548.png Fig. 6. Product distributions obtained with ZrO2-SBA-15(2) in 4 consecutive reutilization cycles in the cascade transformation of furfural to GVL. Catalyst regeneration was accomplished by calcination in air after the 3 rd reutilization cycle. Reaction conditions: 170 °C; 7 h; furfural:2-propanol=1:50 (by mols); furfural:catalyst=2.5:1 (by mass). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-o-1s-and-b-zr-3d-xp-spectra-of-zro2-coated-sba-15-17867daf.png Fig. 2. (A) O 1s, and (B) Zr 3d XP spectra of ZrO2-coated SBA-15.